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A NEW 


ENGEssu) DICTIONAR ¥; 


ON HR SORTCAL PRINCIPLES. 


VOLUME III. D ann E, 


HENRY FROWDE, M.A. 


PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXF) 


LONDON, EDINBURGH, GLASGOW 
AND NEW YORK 


A NEW x 


ENGLISH DICTIONARY 


ON HISI@RICAL PRINCIPLES. 


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Che) Philological Society, Clip, 


Dr. JAMES A. H. MURRAY, 


WITH THE ASSISTAME OF MANY SCHOLARS AND MEN OF SCIENCE. 


VOLUME III. | : 
D | E f 3 
By J ASH. MURRAY, Lip. By HENRY BRADLEY, M.A. : 


AT THRE ABE Don PRESS, ne 
1897. 


[Ad rights reserved.] 


BY HORACE HART, M.A, 
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY 


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THE QUEENS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 
THIS 
HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 
IS 


BY HER GRACIOUS PERMISSION 


DUTIFULLY DEDICATED 


BY 


THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD 


A.D. MDCCC XCVII 


PREFACE TO VOLUME “Sit 


HIS volume contains the words beginning with the letters D and E (the latter edited by Mr. H. Bradley). 
Including the Main words, to which separate articles are devoted (e.g. Day, Eye), the special 
combinations or compounds, explained and illustrated under the Main words (e.g. day-boy, eye-wash), and 
the Subordinate entries of distinct forms of words, entered in their alphabetical places with a reference to the 
Main words under which they are treated and illustrated (e.g. Damacene, obs. f. DAMSON ; Ee, Sc. form of 
EYE), the number of words amounts to 29,042. The Combinations of simple and obvious meaning (such as 
day-beam, day-flier, eye-like, eye-syringe), of which lists are given under the Main words without further 
explanation, but in most cases with illustrative quotations, number 2,750 more, raising the actual total of 
words included in the volume to 31,792. 


These words are thus distributed between the two letters : 


Main Words. Subordinate words. Special combinations. | Obvious combinations. Total. 
D 13,478 2,099 1,480 1,994 19,051 
E 9,249 1,813 923 756 12,741 


Considered as to their status in the language, the Main words are distinguished approximately into those 
native or fully naturalized, and still current, those now odsolete (marked +), and those considered as alien or 
imperfectly naturalized (marked ||). The distribution of the Main words is as follows : 


Current. Obsolete. Alien. Total. 
D 10,033 3,046 399 13,478 
E 6,627 2,409 319 9,249 
16,554 50455 718 22,727 


If to these be added the words in Volumes I and II, we have, for the contents of the first five letters of 
the alphabet, the following figures : 


Main words. Subordinate words. Special combinations. Obvious combinations. Total. 


A-E 66,254 13,181 10,156 8,017 97,608 


That is to say, nearly a hundred thousand words, simple and compound, have already been dealt with in the 
Dictionary. Of the 66,254 Main words, 47,786 (725 per cent.) are current and native or fully naturalized, 
15,952 (24 per cent.) are obsolete, and 2,516 (33% per cent.) alien or imperfectly naturalized *. 


1 For the sake of comparison with Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary, and with some more recent lexicographical works, the following figures have 
been carefully compiled for the letter D. 


Johnson Soon Century Dict. Funk's ‘ Standard.’ Here. 
Total words recorded in D 2,684 10,089 10,705 11,181 19,051 
Words illustrated by quotations 2,136 5,251 4,977 1,313 16,128 
Number of illustrative quotations 6,529 9,178 12,471 1,815 85,446 


The number of quotations under D in Richardson’s Dictionary, where the first serious effort was made to show the history of words by 
quotations, is 7,988. 


ee a ~~) 


NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 


Of this volume 740 pages are occupied by the letter D, 488 by E. The contents of the E part are 
treated of by Mr. Bradley in the Prefatory Note to that letter. Of the D part, the first 75 pages, to the 
end of DEA-, and the last 200, from DiT- to the end, exemplify fully the composite nature of the modern 
English vocabulary. Its two main bodies of words, from Teutonic and Romanic, are reinforced by a smaller 
body from Greek, and interspersed with words in varying numbers from most of the European, many of 
the Oriental, and some American and African languages. The same elements characterize pages 76 to 396 
(D1B- to end of Dir-), where, however, there is a great preponderance of words formed with the Latin (and 
French) prefix DE-, Latin D1- and Dir- (forms of Dis-), and Greek Di- and Dia-. But pages 379-540 contain 
an almost solid block of words formed with the Latin prefix D1s-, extending to no fewer than 3.049 main 
words, and including many of the most important verbs in the language, with their cognate substantives and 
adjectives. We have only to turn to such words as defer, degrade, delay, depend, determine, detract, differ, 
discover, disease, dispose, -ition, distance, -ant, distract, distress, district, disturb to appreciate the practical 
importance of this element. A strong contrast to this latinized group is afforded by the 66 pages of words 
in DR-, a combination foreign to Latin, in which therefore the words of Latin derivation are at a minimum, 
and either go back to Greek or Celtic (Dryad, Druid), or arise from later syncopation, as dress. 


Among the more important words of Old English and Norse origin are the great verb Do, to the 
lexicographer one of the most formidable words in the language, which here occupies 16 columns, DRAW 
(17 columns), the verbs dare, deal, die, dight, dip, dive, drag, drink, drive, drop, dwell, dye ; the substantives 
Doe (claiming, with its combinations, 22 columns), daughter, death, die, door, down (sb., adv., prep., adj. and vb.), 
draught (and draft), duck, drone; the adjectives dark, dead, deaf, dear, deep, dry, dull, dumb. Among those 
of French extraction are the verbs defeat, deign, dine, doubt, dress; the substantives dame, damsel, danger, 
deacon, demesne, diamond, diaper, dinner, dozen, dragon, dragoon, dungeon; the adjectives dainty, diligent, 
DOUBLE (with combinations, 13 columns), dve. Among the words of Greek derivation are the medical terms 
in D1A- so curiously formed from Greek phrases; though now represented in current use only by Diachylon, 
they were formerly so numerous that their common element dia was itself taken as a word meaning 
‘medical preparation.’ Interesting groups of dia- words are those connected with diaphanous and diather- 
manous; other important groups from Greek are those in DyNAM-, and Dys-.. 


Among the words on which new etymological or historical light has been shed, or where the history 
of special senses has been for the first time worked out, are daffodil, damask, dapple, dean, DEBENTURE, 
Black DEATH, decoy, demijohn, dene-hole, dengue, DERRING-do, diaper, dicker, dict, dilettante, dtocese, 
diphtheria, DISMAL, DISPATCH, dock, doddered, dolmen, Dom-daniel, dragoon; the military sense of detail, 
the academic sense of determine, -ation, the philosophical sense of dialectic, the ecclesiastical and political 
senses of dispense, dispensation, the logical sense of distribution, distributive. Other words of which the 
English history receives special treatment are dirge, Dane-geld, Dane-law, dauphin, deacon, deist, detty, 
defenestration, demarcation, demesne, despot, deuce, DEVIL, de-witt, diamond, DICTIONARY, die (dice), discount, 
distemper and its family, divan (dewan, douane), docket, Doctor's Commons, dodo, doldrum, DOLLAR, domestay, 
donkey, DUKE, dunce, Dunstable (way), DUTCH, dynamics, dynamo. Attention is called to the etymological 
articles on the verbs die and do; under Drop sb. there is a note showing the historical relations of the areep, 
drip, droop, drop family of words. 


The materials for the words from D to Dely were sub-edited for us by Mr. F. T. Elworthy of 
Wellington, Somerset, with the collaboration of members of his family ; the following section, to the end of 
Dh, by Miss J. E. A. Brown of Further Barton, near Cirencester ; a small section, from Dia to Dialysis, 
by the Rev. W. E. Smith then of Putney; and the remainder by our indefatigable worker, the late 
Mr. P. W. Jacob of Guildford, part of this having been previously arranged by Mr. J. W. Warre Tyndale of 
Evercreech. Much of the letter was subsequently revised, with addition of more recent materials, by the 
Rev. C. B. Mount, M.A., of 14 Norham Road, Oxford, and by Mr. John Dormer, then of Horsham; to 
the former of these we are also indebted for the detailed investigation of the history of several interest- 
ing words; and to the latter for the compilation of the Lists of Special Wants for D, as also for filling 
many gaps in our quotations for scientific and technical words. 


In the ‘proof’ stage, continuous assistance has been rendered by Lord Aldenham (better known to 
friends of the Dictionary as Mr. H. Hucks Gibbs), the Rev. Canon Fowler, D.D. af Durham, the Rev. 


a 


PREFACE TO VOLUME III. 


J. B. Johnston, B.D., of Falkirk, Monsieur F. J. Amours, Glasgow, and, for later parts of D, by Miss Edith 
Thompson and Miss E. Perronet Thompson, Reigate, and Mr. Russell Martineau, M.A., formerly of the 
British Museum. But above all, we have to record the inestimable collaboration of Dr. Fitzedward Hall, 
whose voluntary labours have completed the literary and documentary history of numberless words, senses, 
and idioms, and whose contributions are to be found on every page; also the unflagging services of Dr. W. C. 
Minor, which have week by week supplied additional quotations for the words actually preparing for press 1. 


Grateful acknowledgement is made of the generous help of all these contributors and collaborators ; 
as, also, of the contributions of Professor Eduard Sievers of Leipzig to the etymological articles on 
Teutonic words, and of M. Paul Meyer, Member of the Institute of France, to the solution of difficult 
points in French etymology. Among others who have given help on particular etymological points, are 
M. Antoine Thomas of Paris, Dr. W. H. Muller of Leyden, Professor F. Kluge of Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 
Prof. A. S. Napier, M.A., Prof. Margoliouth, M.A., the Rev. Prof. Driver, D.D., and Mr. J. T. Platts, M.A., 
of Oxford. Many of the scholars and specialists named in the Preface to Vol. I. have also helped on 
particular points; special mention is due of Professor Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., Prof. F. W. Maitland, 
LL.D. of Cambridge, Prof. H. Goudy, D.C.L., LL.D., Prof. T. E. Holland, D.C.L., Oxford, the Rev. A. M. 
Fairbairn, D.D., the late Professor Wallace (of whose ever ready help with logical and philosophical terms 
a lamentable accident has so lately deprived us), Mr. H. T. Gerrans, M.A., L. Fletcher, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., 
and the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. We have also to acknowledge the substantial help of Prof. 
Albert Chester of Hamilton College, Clinton, New Jersey, with mineralogical terms; of Dr. W. Sykes, F.S.A., 
of Gosport, with the history of medical and pathological words (see diphtheria); of Mr. Barclay Head of 
the British Museum, with several numismatical words; of Mr. C. W. C. Oman, M.A., with the history of the 
word duke, and of Prof. Sylvanus P. Thompson, F.S.A., and Prof. R. B. Clifton, F.R.S., with that of 
Dynamo and Dynamic. 


The assistants in the Scriptorium, who have been engaged on the work all through D, are Mr. C. G. Balk, 
Mr. A. T. Maling, M.A., and Mr. F. J. Sweatman, B.A. In the early part of the letter I had the co- 
operation also of the late Mr. John Mitchell and of Mr. W. Worrall, B.A. Mr. Mitchell had been on the 
staff of the Dictionary for more than eleven years; and his sudden and lamented death, caused by a fall 
when climbing in the Snowdon region, on August 30, 1894, was for certain departments of our work 
a loss which is not yet repaired. In the later parts of the letter, I have had the assistance of Mr. C. 
Talbut Onions, M.A., and Mr. A. R. Sewall; and, for certain portions, of Mr. A. Erlebach, B.A. 


JAMES A. H. MURRAY. 
THE SCRIPTORIUM, OXFORD, 
May, 1897. 


ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS. 


(The recent publication by the Navy Records Society of a volume containing Naval Accounts of the reign of Henry VII, edited by Mr. M. 
Oppenheim, has carried back the documentary history of many naval terms to a date much earlier than was previously known. Among the D 
words are the following :) 

Davitt; 1485 Maval Accts. Hen. VII (1896) 40 Daviott for the bote. /ézd. 49 Daviottes in the ffore castell, 1495 Jééd, 193 Devettes 
with a shyver of yron. Jézd. Dyvettes with a colke of brasse. : 

Dock. 1486 /éid. 23 About the bringing of the same ship into her dokke. 1488 /é2d, 26 Keping the said Ship at Erith in her dokke. 1495 
/bid. 137 The Reparalyng, fortifying, and amendyng the dokke for the Kynges shippes at Portesmouth, makyng of the gates, & fortifying the hede 
of the same dokke. Dock-head 1497 Jbid. 143 The dokke, the dokke hedde & gates of the same. 


Dunnage. 1497 Jéid. 251 For xxxvj shegge Shevys layed alow in John Millers crayer for donage. 


Dory, 54.2. 1726 Trav. Capt. N. Uring 346 We launched the Dory over the reef. 


Daver, v. dia’. [InI. app. cognate with Du. daveren to shake, quake, MLG., LG. dawern, a word of frequentative form, of which the root 
is uncertain. In II. perh, transferred from the same. | 


1 Many new names have to be added to the List of Readers for the Dictionary; of these the following are here mentioned on account of the 
importance of their contributions : Albert Matthews, Esq., Boston, U.S. (c 28,000), George Joicey, Esq., Gateshead-on-Tyne (8,500), Rev. J. W. 
Hooper, M.A., Gateshead-on-Tyne (6,000), Halkett Lord, Esq., Scotch Plains, New Jersey, U.S. (4,000), Miss H. M. Poynter, Oxford (2,500), 
Hellier R. H,Gosselin, Esq., and Miss Geraldine H, Gosselin, London (3,500). Constant help in the alphabetizing of material has been given by 
Mrs, Walkey, North Allington, Bridport. 


aN 


EK 


PREPATORY NOTE. 


THE portion of the Dictionary occupied with the letter E contains 9,249 Main words, 1,813 Subordinate 
words, 923 Special combinations, and 756 Obvious combinations: total 12,741. Of the 9,249 Main words, 
2,409, or 26 per cent., are marked as obsolete, and 319, or 3% per cent., as alien or imperfectly naturalized. 

The section of the English vocabulary included in the present half-volume is remarkable for the extremely 
small proportion of native English words which it contains, as compared with the large number of 
words adopted from French (many of which are obsolete), and of derivatives from Greek and Latin. 
A feature of the words beginning with E that will at once attract attention is the unusual abundance of 
technical terms belonging to modern science. It has often been difficult to determine whether particular 
words of this class should be inserted or not; and probably no two critics would entirely agree in thcir 
lists of deficiencies or redundancies in this respect. While care has been taken to ensure the utmost possible 
accuracy in the explanation of the scientific terms given, it must be remembered that the concern of an 
English Dictionary is with their origin and history as words, not with the minute description of the things 
which they represent. So far as possible, modern words of this kind have been traced back to the authors 
by whom they were formed, and the inventor's own statements as to the etymology and the reason for which 
the name was given have, when it seemed necessary, been quoted. 

Among the articles in which the current etymological statements are corrected or supplemented may 
be mentioned those on the words each, eagre, Easter, Easterling, earnest, eddish, eel, either, elope, ember, 
embracer®, encrinus, engineer, enker, enlist, enough, entellus, enthusiasm, entice, entropy, epergne, ephah, epicure, 
era, ermine, errand, errant, essera, esurine, enonymus, euphroe, even sb., evening, ever, excise, extra. New 
etymological information has also been given in many of the articles on prefixes and suffixes, which 
are here extraordinarily numerous. Among the words of interesting history or sense-development are 
economy, ecstasy, edge, effiuvium, electricity, element, elocution, embezzle, emperor, emphasis, enchant, engage, 
engine, English, entail, entertain, enthusiasm, entire, esquire, essence, establishment, estate, esteem, estrange, 
eternal, ether, euphuism, evangelical, evict, evidence, evident, evil, evolution, exact adj., excelsior, exception, 
exchange, exchequer, exclusive, execute, exercise, exhaust, exhibition, exorbitant, expedite, expense, expire, explain, 
explode, express, expression, exquisite, extend, exterminate, extenuate, extravagant, eye. 

The treatment of the pronunciation has presented some special difficulties. An unusually large propor- 
tion of the words dealt with belong to the class that are much better known in their written than in their 
spoken form. The difficulties connected with the orthoepy of words of this kind have already been referred to 
by Dr. Murray in the Preface to Vol. I; but the words beginning with E are perplexing for a reason peculiar 
to themselves, the initial ¢ in unaccented syllables being pronounced variously in the same word, not only 
by different speakers, but sometimes even by the same speaker. In words beginning with unstressed e¢ before 
two (written) consonants, like effect, eclipse, entail, the initial sound is in rapid or familiar pronunciation 
almost universally (é); but in careful or syllabic pronunciation the majority of educated speakers would. 
retain the older sound of (e), except before s. On this ground it has been thought best to use the symbol 
(e) in the notation of. words like those above quoted, and (é) in that of words like essential, estate; 
but it should be understood that the sound expressed by the latter symbol is in colloquial use always 
a permissible substitute for an initial unstressed (ce). Similar uncertainties exist with regard to the 
unstressed initial E before a single consonant: in most of the words in which this occurs the pronunciation 
varies between (7) and (2). 

Before being taken in hand by the present editor, the material for the letter E had (in common with that 
for several other portions of the alphabet) been subedited in 1881~2 under Dr. Murray’s direction by the late 
Mr. P. W. Jacob, who also revised it in 1884—5, incorporating the additional quotations accumulated in the 
meantime. Hearty acknowledgement is made of the important service thus rendered by Mr. Jacob; and 


err rm 


PREFATORY NOTE TO THE LETTER E. 


it isa cause of regret that this accomplished scholar did not survive to see the publication of the first of 
those portions of the work to the preliminary arrangement of which he so zealously devoted the latest 
years of his life. 

Although Dr. Murray is not responsible for any of the faults that may exist in this portion of the 
work, he has rendered much valuable assistance in its preparation; there are in fact few pages that have 
not been improved by the adoption of his suggestions. The proofs have been regularly read by Mr. Fitz- 
edward Hall, D.C.L., who has furnished many hundreds of important quotations, carrying back the history 
of words to an earlier date, or exemplifying senses or constructions not sufficiently illustrated; also by 
Mr. H. Hucks Gibbs, M.P., by the Rev. J. T. Fowler, M.A., of Durham, and by Mr. W. H. Stevenson, who 
have contributed many valuable annotations. Mr, John Mitchell, Dr. Murray’s senior assistant, has 
also furnished useful remarks on the proofs. 

On questions of Teutonic philology important help has been received from Prof. Eduard Sievers, 
Halle, and Prof. Napier, Oxford: on questions of Romanic philology the advice of Prof. Paul Meyer has 
been of great value. For information on various special subjects my thanks are due to the following: 
the Rev. J. C. Atkinson, D.C.L.; Mr. A. Beazeley, C.E.; the Rev. T. E. Bridgett; the Rev. W. Bright, D.D., 
Canon of Ch. Ch.; Dr. Robert Brown; Mr. A. H. Bullen, M.A.; Mr. Ingram Bywater, M.A., Oxford ; Mr. 
J. S. Cotton, M.A., Editor of Zhe Academy; Mr. P. A. Daniel; Mr. Léon Delbos; Mr. C. E. Doble, M.A.,, 
Oxford; Mr. Austin Dobson; the Rev. Canon D. Silvan Evans; Dr. Fennell, Cambridge (for several 
references for the article Eureka); Dr. Robert von Fleischhacker; Dr. S. Rawson Gardiner; Dr. R. Garnett, 
British Museum; Mr. Israel Gollancz, M.A., Cambridge ; Dr. Carl Horstmann; Mr. Henry Jenner, British 
Museum; Mr. Henry Jones (‘Cavendish’); Mr. W. F. Kirby, Nat. Hist. Dept., British Museum ; Prof. 
E. Ray Lankester ; Mr. J. A. Fuller Maitland, M.A.; Mr. Julian Marshall; Mr. Russell Martineau, M.A., British 
Museum ; Mr. F. D. Matthew; Prof. Alfred Newton, Cambridge ; Prof. Karl Pearson, University College, 
London; Mr. T. G. Pinches, British Museum; Mr. A. W. Pollard, M.A., British Museum; Sir Frederick 
Pollock, Bart.; Mr. F. York Powell, M.A., Oxford; Mr. R. B. Prosser; Mr. P. Le Page Renouf, British 
Museum; Prof. Rhys, Oxford; Dr. Ch. Rieu, British Museum; Mr. J. S. Shedlock; the Rev. Prof. Skeat, 
Cambridge; Mr. John Slater, F.R.I.B.A.; Dr. Oskar Sommer; Mr. W. Barclay Squire, British Museum ; 
Mr. W. Sykes, M.R.C.S., Mexborough; Miss Edith Thompson; Dr. R. F. Weymouth. I have regretfully to 
record that Dr. A. J. Ellis, F.R.S., Mr. James Lecky, and the Rev. Dr. R. F. Littledale, who furnished infor- 
mation or suggestions for some of the earlier articles, are no longer living to receive this acknowledgement of 
their valued help. 

I desire also to express my thanks to the Trustees of the British Museum for granting me special 
facilities for working in the Library; to the officers of that institution for the readiness which they have 
shown on all occasions to assist my researches; and to Dr. F. J. Furnivall for constant and important help 
in many ways. To my assistants, Mr. G. F. H. Sykes, B.A., and Messrs. W. J. Lewis, W. J. Bryan, and 
H. J. Bayliss, working at Oxford, and Mr. E. Gunthorpe, working with me in the verification of references, etc., 
at the British Museum, I owe cordial acknowledgements for their zealous and painstaking co-operation. To 
these names must be added those of Mr. S. A. Strong, M.A., and Mr. F. S. Arnold, M.A., each of whom 
in succession was for a short period one of my Oxford assistants, but for reasons of health was compelled 
to withdraw from the work. Special recognition is also due to the valuable services rendered by Mr. A. 


Erlebach, B.A., in the revision of the proofs. 
HENRY BRADLEY. 


LONDON, October 1893. 


EMENDATIONS. 
Each. The form ezych should be deleted, with the quotation 1480-7 under (A. ¢), in which this occurs, the correct reading being 
euerych (see EVERY). 
Egg-berry. (Ecc sé. 7, p. 58.) This is a corrupt form of HAGBERRY, and ought not to have been given here. 
Egromancy. The form egremauncey occurs a 1649 in Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc. 1876), 183. 
Eirant, This form and Zrrant (omitted in its alphabetical place) see variants of HAURIANT, q.v. 
Enhendee. The word is, as stated in the text, a mistake for OF, enheudee; but the misreading occurs in Fr. writers, ¢.g. Palliott 1664. 


Eve-star. ‘The quotation 1691 under this word should be deleted. The word evester occurring there is adapted from the mod. Lat. 
euestrum, which seems to have been arbitrarily invented by Paracelsus, and is explained in the Onomasticon-of _Toxites (1574) to mean, amongst 
other things, ‘ the astral body [corpus sidereum] of man, which foretells to us either death or any other evil.’ 

Eylet-hole, 53.1. The following earlier example has been found :—1497 Naval Accts. Hen. VII (1896) 334 Makyng of olyett-hooles 
with other necessaries for the scid sayles. ’ 


REY PO THEFPRONUNCIATION. 


gas in go (gdu), 

h ... ho! (hoa), 

r ... vun (ryn), terrier (te'rioz), 
1... hey (haz), farther (fa-13az). 
S ... see (Sz), cess (ses). 

Ww... wen (wen). 

hw... when (hwen). 

Y wo» yes (yes). 


ORDINARY. 
aas in Fr. 2 la mode (a la mod’), 
ai... aye=yes (ai), Isazah (aizai-d), 
ze .,. man (meen). 
a ... pass (pas), chant (tfant). 
au... lowd (laud), now (nau). 
D ... cut (kvt), son (son). 
e ... yet (yet), ten (ten), 


e ... survey sd. (so'1ve), Fr. attaché (atafe). 


lg... Fr. chef (fef). 
2... ever (evar), natzon (n2!fan). 
ai... J, eve, (ai), bind (baind), 
ij... Fr. eau de vie (@ da vi). 
i... sét (sit), mystzc (mistik), 
z ... Psyche (sai*kz), react (ré\ze"kt). 
o ,,. achor (ékoz), morality (morz'liti). 
oi ... oz (oil), boy (boi). 
0... hero (hiere), zoology (zogl5dzi). 
... what (hwot), watch (wotf). 
,0*.. got (got), soft (spft). 
6... Ger. Kéln (kéln). 
lo... Fr. pes (pd). 
u_... fall (ful), book (buk). 
iu... dwration (diuré'-fon). 
zw ,,. unto (yntz), frugality (frz-). 
iz .., Matthew (me*pisz), virtue (va'stize). 
ii... Ger. Miller (miilér), 
ll ... Fr, dune (din), 
© (see ie, Ee, de, tie) 
8 (see 21, ot)” 


as in able (2ib’l), eaten (7t’n) =voice-glide. 


* the o in soft, of medial or doubtful length. 


OE. ¢, 0, representing an earlier @, are distinguished as ¢, 9 (havin 
Goth. andei-s), 


see Vol. I, p. xxiv, note 3. 


b, d, f, k, 1, m, n, p, t, v, z have their usual values. 


I. CONSONANTS. 


4 as in thin (pin), bazh (bap). 


Orem % OB 
~ 
et 


.. then (Sen), bathe (bz1d). 


... shop (Sep), dish (dif). 
. chop (tfpp), ditch (ditf). 


. viséon (vi-zan), déyeuner (dezdne). 


.. Judge (dgndz). 
. Singing (sinin), thizk (pink), 
. finger (finger), 


II. VOWELS. 


LONG. 
as in alms (Amz), bar (baz). 


. curl (koa), fur (for). 


%)... there (Y€ex), pear, pare (pée1). 


+. Tein, razn (réin), they (821), 
owe Jers. fazres(fer’). 
. fr (51), fern (fim), earth (3p). 


1(ie).,. beer (biez), clear (kliox), 


(du)... $0, sow (sdu), sozl (soul), 
9... walk (w§k), wart (w9:t). 
g . short (fgit), thorn (ppin). 
WS... Fr. coeur (kr). 
Ilo . Ger, Géthe (gété), Fr. jefne (zén). 
i (ie).. poor (piiez), mgorish (mii-rif), 
it, ii... pwre (pitier), lwre (l'iior), 
a . two moons (ti mznz), 


+» thief (bif), see (sz). 
. boar, bore (box), glory (gloerri). 


id, '@,.. few (fizz), late (1'7t). 


«» Ger. griin (griin), Fr. jus (372). 


In the Erymoroey, 


(FOREIGN,) 


nas in French nasal, environ (anviron). 


1s 
bel Mee 
XM sas 
bedi 
. Ger. sagen (za-yén). 

. Ger, legen, regnen (lé-y¥én, ré-y¥nén), 


v 
yt | 


y 


aa 


Xe 


oO 


me 


Oc ™e 


Re COC & 


wu 


It. serag/vo (se.4'1¥0). 

It. signvore (s/n¥o're). 

Ger, ach (ax), Se. lock (lox, loy®). 
Ger. ich (in.¥), Sc. nicht (néx’t). 


OBSCURE. 


in amoeba (Am7ba), 
. accept (&kse*pt), maniac (mé! nik). 
. datum (dé!tdm). 


- moment (méu-mént), several (se-véril), 
. separate (adj.) (se*parét). 


added (se'déd), estate (éstatt). 


vanzty (vee'niti), 


. Temain (r/mé!n), believe (b/liv). 
. theory (pz 6ri). 


. Violet (vai-dlét), parody (pee'rddi). 
.. authority (€po'riti), 
. connect (kgne'kt), amazon (ce'mazgn), 


itt, 41 verdwre (vS-1diiiz), measure (mergitiz). 
. altogether (§ltzge-Bax). 


if os: 


cirevlar (sd-1kis#1a1), 


|| Only in foreign (or earlier English) words. 


g the phonetic value of ¢ and g, or 9, above); as in gnde from and? (OHG. antz, 
monn from mann, on from an, 


sh 


Lioe OF 


a. [in Etymol.] .,. = adoption of, adopted from. 
@ (as @1300) ...... = ante, before. 
@., adj., adj,........ = adjective. 
absol., absol ... = absolutely. 
= abstract. 
= accusative. 
= adaptation of. 
= adverb, 
= adverbial, -ly. 
. = Anglo-French. 
in Anatomy. 
in Antiquities. 
aphetic, aphetized. 
apparently. 
Arabic. 
in Architecture. 
archaic. 
in Archeology. 
association. 
in Astronomy. 
in Astrology. 
attributive, -ly. 
before. 
in Biology. 
Bohemian. 
in Botany. 
in Building. 
¢ (aS €1300) ...... = circa, about. 
Cy (aS IathiCysa,. = century. 
Catalan. 
catachrestically. 
= confer, compare. 
in Chemistry. 
classical Latin. 
cognate with. 
collective, -ly. 
colloquially. 
combined, -ing. 
Combinations. 
in commercial usage. 
compound, composition. 
complement. 
= in Conchology 
concretely. 
conjunction. 
= consonant. 
Construction, construed 
with. 
in Crystallography. 
in Davies (Supp. Eng. 
Glossary). 
= Danish. 
dative. 
= definite. 
derivative, -ation. 
dialect, -al. 
Dict. RECaNESSai 5 sue = Dictionary. 
diminutive. 
Dutch. 
in ecclesiastical usage. 
elliptical, -ly. 
east midland (dialect). 
English. 
in Entomology. 
erroneous, -ly. 
especially. 
etymology. 
euphemistically. 
except. 
f. (in Etymol.] ... = formed on, 
f, (in subordinate 
PIXIES)! cesses. = form of. 
fem. (rarely f.) ... = feminine. 
eMpnias sav . = figurative, -ly. 
= French. 
= frequently. 
= Frisian. 
GiiGereuthan = German. 
= Gaelic, 


HT 


wudud 


ABBREVIATIONS, 


Gothic (= Mceso-Gothic). 
Greek. 

- in Grammar. 

Hebrew. 

in Heraldry. 

with herbalists. 

in Horticulture. 
Imperative. 

impersonal. 

imperfect. 

Indicative. 

indefinite. 

Infinitive. 

= influenced. 

interjection. 

intransitive. 

Italian. 

Johnson (quotation from). 
in Jamieson, Scottish Dict. 
Jodrell (quoted from). 
Latin. 

Latham’s edn. of Todd’s 
language. {Johnson. 


Hondnus 


TEGe va recases = Low German. 
lit. = literal, -ly. 
Lith. = Lithuanian. 
LXX = Septuagint. 
Mal. = Malay. 
masc. (varely m.) = masculine. 
DIGI. |. oscusdascnne = in Mathematics. 
MU essere = Middle English. 
MEAT ccs = in Medicine. 
med.L. = medieval Latin. 
Mechs vcvace = in Mechanics, 
Metaph. .......0000 = in Metaphysics. 
MHG. = Middle High German. 
midl . = midland (dialect . 
Mil. = in military usage. 
Min = in Mineralogy. 
mod. = modern. 
DBO = in Music. 
CONDE ess sesaes = Nares (quoted from). 
n. of action,,. = noun of action. 
n. of agent .,....,.. = noun of agent. 
Nat. Hist. ......... = in Natural History. 
NGM ons ss5tsCass es = in nautical language. 
neut. (rarelyn.) = neuter. 
NING Ks iaects sce: = Northern French. 
NOL ecsscntssededes = Natural Order. 
HOM: sy; scscens = nominative. 
HOrths 45, tis60- = northern (dialect). 
to aR Wee a Pe . = New Testament. 
Numism. = in Numismatics. 
QDI. scasietods chysass = object. 

= obsolete. 

= occasional, -ly. 


= Old English (= Anglo- 
Saxon). 
OF, (ORR hide = Old French. 
= Old Frisian. 
... = Old High German. 
= Old Irish. 
. = Old Norse (Old Icelandic). 
«». = Old Northern French. 
.. = in Optics. 
. = in Ornithology. 
... = Old Saxon. 
...» = Old Slavonic. 
... = Old Testament. 
... = Original Teutonic. 
«++ = Original, -ly. 
wo = in alseontology. 
+ seesseeeeeee = Passive or past participle. 
PASS. sscsesosreosree = passive, -ly, 


&e. 


= tense. 
= Pathology. 


ae = Rea 
wes = 


.. = in Philology. 
. = phonetic, -ally. 
vss. = phrase. 
.... = In Phrenology. 
. = in Physiology. 
--+ = plural. 
.. = poetic. 
++ = popular, -ly. 
-... = Pparticipial adjective. 


By 


_= preting (word or article). 


ei = paren ih 


= present. 
me signification. 


. = privative. 


prob. .... = probably. 
PPMM sins steasse33 = pronoun, 
= it a 
= Sa 


ae 
= presest participle. 
= in Psychology. 
‘quod vide, which see. 
= in Richardson’s Dict. 
Roman Catholic Church. 
refashioned, -ing. 
teflexive. 
regular. 
representative, representing. 
in Rhetoric. 
Romanic, Romance. 
substantive. 
Scotch. 
scilicet agate. 


.. = subsequently, 
+. = substantively. 
. = suffix. 


= south western (dialect). 
w. = in hay a 
= oe -ly. 


"= in Col. Yule’s Glossary. 
= in Zoology. 


Before a word or sense. 
+ = obsolete, 
|| = not naturalized. 
In the quotations. 
* sometimes points out the word illustrated. 


In the list of Forms. 
1 = before 1100, 
2 = 12th c, (1100 to 1200). 
3 = 13th c. (1200 to 1300). 


5-7 = 15thto Nes century. (See General Explan- 
ations, 


Vol. I, p. xx.) 


In the Etymol. 
* indicates a word or form not actually found, but 


of which the existence is inferred. — 
:— = extant representative, or regular jonetic 4 
descendant of. ae 


The printing of a word in SMALL CaPITALs indicates that further information will be found under the word so referred to. 


(dz), the fourth letter of the Roman alphabet, 
corresponding in position and power to the 
Phoenician and Hebrew Da/eth, and Greek Delta, 
A, whence also its form was derived by rounding one 
angle of the triangular form. It represents the 
sonant dental mute, or point-voice stop consonant, 
which in English is alveolar rather than dental. 
The plural has been written D’s, Ds, de’s. 

The phonetic value of D in English is constant, except 
that in past participles the earlier full spelling -ed is retained 
where the pronunciation after a breath-consonant is now ¢, 
asin looked, dipped, fished, passed. The spelling -ed is now 
even extended to words in which OE. had ¢, as in wished, 
puffed, kissed, OE. wyscte, Os cyste. 

c1000 Aiirric Gram. iii.(Z.)6 B, c, d, g,2,t, 
1673 Wycuertey Gentl. Dancing-Master v.i, His desperate 
deadly daunting dagger :—there are your d’s for you! 1726 
Leon: A dberti’s Archit. I. 67 b, The Walls .. of Memphis 
[were] built in the shape of a D. 1879 Miss Brappon Vixen 
III. 168 This. .must end in darkness, desolation, despair— 
everything dreadful beginning with @. 

2. Used in reference to the shape of the letter, 
as D-shaped; so D block, D trap, D valve, ete. 
See also DEE. 

1794 Rigging §& Seamanship 1. 156 D-Blocks are lumps of 
ore ppt ond ofaD.. bolted to the are side, in the 
channels. 1827 Farry Steam Eng. 707 Sliding valves.. 
called D valves. 1 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa I. 
161 The saddle..should be abundantly studded..with iron 
loops: or as they are—from their shape—termed in Colonial 
phraseology, D’s. [See Der.] /éid. 163 Append to one of 
the D’s of the said saddle, a leathern bottle. 1892 T. B. F. 
Emerson Z£fid. Pneumonia 11 The catch-pit was covered in 
by a D trap. 

3. Used euphemistically for damm (often printed 
d—), ete. Cf. DEE v. 

1861 Dickens Gi, Exfect. xi, He flung out in his violent 
way, and said, with a D, ‘Then do as you like’. 1877 
Giteert Com. Opera, H.M.S. Pinafore 1, ‘Though ‘ bother 
it’ I may Occasionally say, I never use a big, big D—. 

II. 1. Used like the other letters of the alphabet 
to denote serial order, with the value of fourth; 
applied, ¢. g., to the fourth quire or sheet of a book, 
a group or section in classification, etc. 

1886 Oxford Univ. Statutes (1890) 109 The examination 
in the above-mentioned ea A D shall be under the direc- 
tion of the Board of the Faculty of Theology. 

b. In typical or hypothetical examples of any 
argumentation, D is put for a fourth person or 
thing. (Cf. A, II. 4.) 

1858 Kinestey Let. to ¥. Ludlow in Life xvii. (1879) I. 

8 How worthless opinions of the Press are, For if A, B, 
ros D, flatly contradict each other, one or more must be 
wrong, eh Bowen Logic 208 If Ais B, Cis D. 1887 
Times (Wi d.) 2x Oct. 3/2 This or that understand- 
ing between Mr. A, Mr, B, Mr. C, and Mr. D. 

2. spec. in Music. The name of the second note 
of the ‘natural’ major scale. (In Italy and France 
called Xe.) Also, the scale or key which has that 
note for its tonic. 

1596 Suaks. Tam. Shr. m1. i. 77 D sol re, one Cliffe, two 
notes haue I, 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 11. 269/2 A Concerto 
of Bach in D minor. 

3. In Algebra: see A, II. 5. In the higher mathe- 
matics, @ is the sign of differentiation, and D of 
derivation ; Dis also used to denote the deficiency 
of a curve. 

1852 Satmon Higher Plane Curves ii. (1879) 30 We call 
the deficiency ofa curve the number D, by which its number 
of double points is short of the maximum. B. Wittiam- 


eendiad one. 


son Diff: Calc. (ed. 2) § 5 When the increment is supposed 
apr y saan is called a differential, and represented 


y dx. 
III. Abbreviations, etc. 
1. d stands for L. denarius and so for ‘ penny’, 
‘pence’; as 1d. = one penny, f£. 5. d, = pounds, 
_Vot. TIT, 


—, 
. 


shillings and pence. Formerly also, ¢@. = one 
half (L. dimidium, also contracted d7., dim.) ; D. 
=dollar (in Y..S.; now §). 

1387 £. E. Wills 2 Y be-quethe to the werkes of poulys 
vjs. viijd. 1488 Nottingham Rec. 111. 269 Ford. a quarter 
of pepur. c1g00 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Halliwell 
Nugae Poet. 15 Fore some dey he wyll vij.. drynke. 1588 
Suaks. Z. L. LZ.11.i, 140 What’s the price of this yncle? i. d. 
1791 JEFFERSON in Harfer’s Mag. (1885) Mar. 535/1 A pound 
of tea: -costs 2D, 1866 Crump Banking 233 Pence or half- 
petics are not legal tender for more than r2d., or farthings 
for more than 6d. 

2. D, the sign for 500 in Roman numerals, as 
MDCCCXCIII = 1893. [Understood to be the half of 
Clo, earlier form of M= 1,000. ] 

(Formerly occasionally written De.) 

1459 Juv. in Paston Lett. 1. 469 Summa, DCCCC lxv. 
unces, /ézd. 471 Summa, De unces. 1569 GRAFTON Chron. 
16 This Thurston obteyned the rule of the Abbey againe for 
the price of .D. pound. ; : 

3. D.=various proper names, as Daniel, David; 
+ D.=Duke; d., d. (usually before a date) =died ; 
+d.=degree (of angular measure); @ (in dental 
formulz) = deciduous, as de., deciduous canine, dz., 
deciduous incisor; d or D (Anat.)=dorsal; D, 
‘in the Complete Book, means dead or deserted’ 
(Adm. Smyth); d. (in a ship’s log) = drizzling. 
In Academical degrees D. = Doctor (as a Lat. word 
following, and as English preceding, other initials), 
as D.D. (Divinitatis Doctor), Doctor of Divinity, 
LL.D. (ZLegum Doctor), Doctor of Laws, M.D., 
Doctor of Medicine, Ph. D., Doctor of Philosophy, 
D.C.L., Doctor of Civil Law, D.Lit., Lit.D., 
Doctor of Literature, D.Sc., Doctor of Science. 
D.C. (Music) = Da Cafo (q.v.). D.G. = L. Det 
gratia, by the grace of God, Deo gratias, thanks to 
God. D.L., Deputy Lieutenant. D.T., vulgar 
abbrev. of delirium tremens. D.V.=L. Deo 
volente, God willing. 

160r R. Jounnson Kz ne & Commu. (1603) 75 Betwixt the 
Emp. then living and the last D. [= Duke] great gelosies 
underhand. 1606 Coke in True §& Perf. Relat. Tjb, A 
Doctor of fiue Dd, as Dissimulation, Deposing of Princes 
.- Destruction, 1630 Wapswortx Pilg». vii. 64 This North 
was created D.D, in Paris. 1635 J. WELLS Sciogr. 4 Let 
6od. of the chorde, be equal to 30d. of the Sines, 17x0 
SACHEVERELL Sf. on Impeach. 51 This argues a scandalous 
Ignorance ..inaD.D. @1866 Kesie Lett. Spir. Counsel 
(x870) 186 My dear wife (D.G.) bore up well through the 
nursing. 1870 LoweLt Study Wind, (1886) 62 His cousin, 
the Ph.D, 1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet Break/-t. v. (1885) 119 
The D.D.’s used to be the leaders. 1873 H. Spencer Study 
Sociol. ii. 39 The ‘D.V.’ of a missionary-meeting placard. 

-d, formative of pa. pple. asin heard, paid, dead : 
see -ED suffix. 

Da (da). Nursery and homely abbrev. of Dana. 

185r Lapy Durr Gorpon Let. in Three Gener. English- 
women (1888) II. 216 Whether Da and my mother will stay 
at Weybridge, I know not. /did, 217 Da is gloomy, I fear 
’tis his normal state. 

Da, obs. form of Daw, Day, Dor. 

Dab (deb), 5.1 In 3-4 dabbe. 
both being found c. 1300.] 

1. A blow of somewhat sharp and abrupt char- 
acter. b. A blow from a bird’s beak, or with the 


[f. Das 2.1, 


corner or point of anything which scarcely or only | 


slightly penetrates; a thrust as if aiming to strike 
or stab; an aimed blow. ec. dial. A slight blow 
with the back of the hand or the like, a box, a slap. 

1300 K, A /is. 2306 Philot him gaf anothir dabbe, That in 
the scheld the ¢ Bylefte hongyng, and eke the arme. 
Ibid. 2794 They laughte dedly dabbe. /é7d. 7304 Bytweone 
you delith hit with dabbe, And with spere, and sweordis 
dunt. a Puitutrs (ed. Kersey), Dab .. also a light blow 
on the Chaps, or box on the Ear. 1731 Swirt Mem. Capt. 


Creichton Wks, 1768 XI. 161, I gave him a dab in the mouth 
with my broken sword, which very much hurt him. 1748 
SMOLLETT Rod. Rand, (1812) I. 69 Giving us several dabs 
with its beak. 1865 Dickens Mut, Fv. u. xi, Making two 
dabs at him in the air with her needle. 1875 A. R. Hope 
Aly School-boy Fr. 125 She made furious dabs at him. 
1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Dad, a slight blow, 
generally with the back of the hand. [Soin V. WW. Linc. 
and Cheshire Gloss.] 
d. fig. (cf. rap, poke, thrust.) 

1705.in Perry //ist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. I. 160 Here's 
another dab upon Gov’ Nicholson. 1748 RiIcHARDSON 
Clarissa (1811) II xx. 140 At our alighting, I gave him 
another dab. 1820 Blackw, Mag. V1. 391 "Tis now an age 
. Since we have had a dab at any body. 

2. A gentle blow or tap with a soft substance, 
which is pressed slightly on the object and then 
quickly withdrawn ; a stroke with a dabber. 

1755 in JOHNSON 

3. A flattish mass of some soft or moist sub- 
stance dabbed or dropped on anything. 

1749 in Doran Mann §& Manners (1876) I. xiii. 293 Putting 
a large dab of hot wax under the arms, 1768-74 Tucker Lf. 
Nat. (1852) II. 596 We..garnish the rims of our dishes with 
dabs of chewed greens. 1779 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 3 Nov., 
How can two or three dabs of paint ever be worth such 
a sum as that? 1874 Mrs. H. Woop Mast. Greylands iii. 32 
Fifteen dishes he wanted for his dinner, if he wanted one. 
Andall of ’em dabs and messes. 

4, fig. Applied slightingly to (a) a small or 
trifling amount, as of money given; (b) a slight 
effort of the pen, etc. 

1729 Mrs. Detany Life § Corr. 1. 453, I had your hasty 
dab as you call it.. your dabs are of more worth to me than 
folios of letters from any one else. 1735 Hervey Mev. 11. 
13, 3200/, ever since he was King, besides several little dabs 
ofmoney, 1762 H. Watpote Lett. H. Mann (1833) 11. 337 
(D ) A new dab called Anecdotes of Polite Literature. 1788 
Map. D'Arstay Left. 29 Jan., I actually asked for this dab 
of preferment. 

5. a. A wet or dirty clout. b. A pinafore. dia/. 

1714 Swirt Hue § Cry, Reckon with my Washerwoman ; 
malane her allow for old Shirts, Socks, Dabbs and Markees, 
which she bought of me. 1721 Battey, Daé..a dirty clout. 
1837 Tuackeray Vel/owplush i, Wet dabs of dishclouts 
flapped in yourface. 1877.N W, Linc. Gloss., Dab,achild’s 
Pinafore. : 

6. Applied to persons: a. An untidy woman, 
adrab. b. A small child, a chit. 

Hse Battey (folio), Daé..also a word of Contempt for 
a Woman. 1797 Mrs. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) I. ox It 
[Betty] is such an engaging, good-hearted little dab. 18 
Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk., Dab, an untidy, thrift- 
less woman, [So Cheshire Gloss.] 1833 Sir F. Heap Bubdles 
of Brunnen, A little bare-headed, bare-footed dab of a child. 
1864 Carern Devon Provinc., Dab, a chit. 

7. See quots. 

1788 Dycue Dict., Dad. .likewise a mangled piece of fat 
meat goes by thisname. 1836 Dickens S%. Boz (1877) 38 
Dabs of dingy bacon. . 

8. 2/. The refuse or sediment of sugar. 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dads, refuse foots of sugar, 
1881 Daily News 7 Sept. 3/4 Barbadoes dabs, 20s. to 21s... 
Grenada dabs, 17s. to 19s. 6d. 

9. Zype-founding. See quots, 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dab, an impression in type- 
Ph of adie in course of sinking. 1889 T. B. Reep (77 
etter), The common process of producing cast ornaments 
for printing before the introduction of electrotyping was 
known in English type-foundries as‘ dabbing’. The original 
woodblock is dropped sharply into a bed of molten lead on 
the point of cooling. A mould or matrix of the design is 
thus produced ‘0 prod repli of the design, the 
operator strikes this matrix into lead. The result isa‘ cast ” 
or ‘dab’ in relief, which when mounted can be used to 
print along with type. 

10. A printer’s dabber. 

186x W. F. Cottier Hist. Eng. Lit. 75 The worker of the 
press has found the. .dabbers..unfit for use. .He sits down 
with raw sheep-skin and carded wool, to stuff the balls and 
tie it round the handle of the dab. 


1* 


DAB. 


ll. Comb.,as dab-pot; +dab-stone, a game with 
stones; cf. dabbers and dib-stone ; dab-wash (dia/.), 
a wash of a few small articles, as distinct from the 
usual household wash; hence dad-wash vb. 

1876 Browninc Pacchiarotto ge Stick thou, Son, to paint- 
brush and *dab-pot! 1652 J. Donne Zp. Ded. in Donne's 
Paradoxes, Lelius and Scipio are presented to us as playing 
at *Dabstone before they fought against Hanniball. a 1812 
Matone (cited for *Daéd-wash by Todd s.v. Dad). 186; 
Mrs. Gaskett Sylvia's L. vi, Having had what is calle: 
in the district a ‘dab-wash’ of a few articles, forgotten 
on the regular day. 188r RicHarpson in Gd. Words 
51 A few clothes that had just gone through a ‘dab-wash’. 

§]12. Dad is frequently written instead of DauB 
= rough mortar, clay used in plastering, esp. in 
wattle and dab (daub). 

1839 Loupon Encycl. Arch. 840 Instead of brick nagging 
for partitions, cob is used for filling in the framework. . This 
sort of work is called rab and dab. 188z Miss Brappon 
Asphodel vi. 70 Cottages, with walls of wattle and dab. 

Dab (deb), 53.2 [Etymology unknown: cf. 
however DaB sd.1 3.] A species of small flat-fish, 
Pleuronectes limanda, nearly resembling the floun- 
der, common on the sandy parts of the British coast ; 
also used as a ‘street term for small flat fish of any 
kind’ (Slang Dict.). 

1577 Harrison England u1. iii. (1878) 1. 20 The plaice, the 
but, the turbut, dorreie, dab, &c. 1620 VeENNER Via Recta 
iv. 72 The Dabbe or little Plaice is of the same nature. 
1778 Pennant Tour in Wales (1883) 1. 29 Dabs visit us in 
November. 1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour I. 165 The fish 
fried by street dealers is known as ‘plaice dabs’ and ‘sole 
dabs’, which are merely plaice and soles, ‘dab’ being 
a common word for any flat fish. 1886 R. C. Lesuie Sea- 
painter's Log x. 193 A dab or plaice soon getting pale- 
coloured when lying upon a white surface. 

b. Comb., as dab-darter, one who spears flat- 
fish ; dab-fish, flat-fish. 

1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxvi. (1884) 203 In the 
deeper water the dab-darters are often hard at work..the 
“dart ’..is like the head of a large rake with the teeh set 
vertically. 1876 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dab-jish, all 
kinds of flat fish. 

Dab (deb), si. [Appears before 1700; fre- 
quently referred to as school slang: origin unknown. 

Conjectures have been offered as to its being a corruption 
of adept, and of dapper, but without any other evidence 
than appears in the general likeness and use of the words. 
It is possible that it is a derivative of Das v.] 

One skilful or proficient at (+ 9/, 27) anything ; 
an expert, an adept. 


1691 Athenian Mercury IV. No. 3 Qu. 8 [Love is] such | They [clothes] will be ..dabbed about, in every hole and 


a Dab at his Bow and Arrows. _a1goo B. E. Dict. Cant. 
Crew, Dab, expert, exquisite in Roguery..He is a Dab at 
it, He is well vers'd init. xgxx Vind. Sacheverell 83 The 


Dr. is charg’d with being a great Dab, as the Boys say, for | 


he plays on Sundays. _a@1754 Fircpinc Ess. Conversation 
Wks. (1840) 642 (To fetch a phrase from school..) great 
dabs of this kind of facetiousness. 1759 Go_psm. Bee No. 1 
A third [writer] is a dab at an index. 1845 THACKERAY 
Punch in the East iv, wish to show Lam a dab in history. 
1874 Hexps Soc. Press. v. (1875) 69, I am ‘a dab’, as we 
used to say at Eton, at suggesting subjects for essays. 
b. attrib. or Comb., as dab hand. 

1828 Craven Dialect, Dab-hand, expert at any thing. 
1870 Miss Bripcman Ro. Lynne II. iii. 67, He was a da’ 
hand at water-colours. [The comb. occurs in many dialect 
glossaries from Lonsdale and Holderness to W. Somerset.) 

Dah, 50.4 slang. A bed. 

1812 Sporting |Mag. XXXIX. 16 Those who had been 
accustomed toa downy dab. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., 
Dab,abed. 1823 W. T. Moncrierr Tom § Ferry 11. iii. 
(Farmer), Vhen ve’ve had the liquor, ve'll .. all go to our 


labs. 

Dab (deb), v.1 In 4 dabben, 6 dabbe. In- 
flected dabbed, dabbing. [This and the accom- 
panying sb. Das! appear about 1300; there is 
nothing similar in OE. 

Middle and early modern Dutch had a verb dadéen, accord- 
ing to Oudemans, ‘to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble’: cf. 
Ger. taffen to grope, fumble (with the hands, as in the 
dark); butit is not clear that there is any connexion between 
this and the English word. Rather does the latter appear 
to be of independent onomatopeeic origin, being, primarily, 
the expression of the mechanical action in question by 
analogous oral action, including (but only in a —— 
way) the representation of the sound. Cf. Dus v., whic 
in some of its senses appears to be of kindred formation] 

I. To strike, peck, stick, etc. 

1. ¢vays. To strike somewhatsharplyand abruptly. 
(The ME. sense is not quite clear.) b. To strike 
so as slightly to pierce or indent; to peck asa bird 
with its bill; to pick the surface of a stone (see 
quot. 1876); to stick or thrust. Now chiefly Sc. 
¢. in mod. dial. To strike with a slight blow, as 
with the back of the hand. +70 dab nebs: to kiss. 

ar Pol. Songs (Camden) 192 This Frenshe come to 
Flaundres .. The Flemmisshe hem dabbeth o the het bare. 
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 551/1 The pricke of the 
fleshe, to dabbe him in the necke. DEKKER 2nd Pt. 
Hon. Whore w. ii, Let me alone for dabbing them o’ th’ 
neck. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), Dad, to cuff or bang; to slap 
or strike. 17.. in Jamieson Pop. Ball. §& Songs (1806) 1. 87 
(Jam.) The thorn that dabs I’ll cut it down, Though fair the 
rose may be. 1786 Yung. Coalman's Courtship (ed. 20) 5 
You may..dab nebs wi’ her now an’ then, 1876 Gwitt 
Archit. Gloss., Dabbing, Daubing .. working the face of 
a stone..with a pick-shaped tool .. so as to form a series of 
minute holes. 1885 Runciman Shippers § Sh. 82 One chap 
dabbed his sticker through my arm here. 1887 Cheshire 


2 


Gloss., Dab, to give a slight blow to. 
th’ maith’ [= mouth]. : é 

d. intr. Of a bird: To peck with the bill. e. 
To aim at in order to strike, as in playing at mar- 
bles, or throwing a stone at a bird, etc. Sc. 

1805 J. Nico. Poems I. 43 (Jam.) Weel daubit, Robin! 
there's some mair, Beath groats an’ barley, dinna spare. 
1826 Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 25 Chuckies .. 
dabbing at daigh and drummock. Mod. Sc. If you go near 
the nest, the hen will dab at you. Which marble shall I dab 
at? Some boys dabbing at a cat on the roof of the shed. 

2. To strike or cause to strike (usually with 
something soft and of broadish surface) so as to 
exert a slight momentary pressure, and then with- 
draw quickly. The object may be a. the brush, 
dabber, etc. used; b. the moist or sticky substance 
applied; ¢. the surface to which it is applied. 

a. 1592 Nasue P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 13 b, A Painter. .needs 
no more but wet his pencill, and dab it on their cheekes, and 
he shall haue vermillion and white enough. re | J. Bav- 
cock Dom. Amtusem. 143 A common printer's ball..is now 
to be dabbed on the whole surface. 1863 Tynpatt Heat 
viii. § 313, I dip my brush. .and dab it against the paper. 

b. 1562 Turner Herbal u. 31a, Laser..is dabbed about 
the stynginges of scorpiones with oyle well menged or tem- 
pered, 1750 E. Situ Compl. Housewife 352 Dab it on with 
a fine rag. 1833 Ht. Martinzau Tale of Tynei.8 One who 
dabs brick-clay into a mould. 1853 READE Chr. Fohnstone 
109 [It] dabbed glue on his gauzy wings. E 

C. 1747 WesLey Prim. Physic (1762) 63 Dip a soft rag in 
dead small Beer, new Milk warm, and dabb each eye, 
a dozen times gently. 17.. S. Suarp (J.), A sore should 
never be wiped by drawing a piece of tow or rag over it, 
but only by dabbing it with fine lint. 1879 Newspaper, If 
the bleeding be too copious, dab the part with a rag wetted 
with creasote. E ; 

d. spec. in Printing, Etching, etc.: To strike 
or pat with a dabber for various purposes, as ¢.. 
in order to spread colour evenly over a surface. 

1789 Mrs. Detany Life & Corr. (1861) IIL. 573, I found 
one painting and another dabbing. 1799 G.Smitu Ladsora- 
tory 1. 339 The interstices may be dabbed over with the 
tincture of that colour which you would have for the general 
ground-work. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. 300 
Holding the brush perpendicular to the glass, every part of 
the latter must be dabbed so that the surface will be dimmed 


‘Dost want dabbin i’ | 


} 


bythe oil. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech, 1.673/1 Theinsinuation | 


{in stereotyping] of the damp paper into the interstices of the 
letters by dabbing the back of the paper with a hair brush. 

3. To set or put down with a sharp, abrupt 
motion (cf. to stzck down) ; to throw or fling down 
in a rough, careless, untidy manner. 

1772 G. WasuincTOon in Mag. Amer. Hist. May (1884) 71 
corner. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dab, Dab-doon. .to fling 
down with violence. 1884 Chester Gloss., Dad, to set things 
down carelessly, not in their right place. 

II. Specific senses of doubtful history, or in- 
direct connexion with prec. 

+4. Fishing. To fish by dipping the bait gently 
and lightly in the water; to dap, dib. Ods. 

1676 Cotton Angler 11. v. 295 This way of fishing we call 
daping, dabbing, or dibbing. 

8. To dibble. dza/. 

1787 W. Marsuatt Last Norf. Gloss., Dadsing, dibbling. 
1847 in HatiiwELL. 

. Type-founding. To produce a ‘dab’ in the 
process of making matrices, etc. 

1889 [see Das sd.! 9). | 

+7. ? To deceive, jape. Obs. 

1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle vi. 2402 Like the parish bull he 
serves them still And dabbes their husbandes clean against 
their will. : ; 

8. A modification of Davs v., to plaster. 

1577 Ludlow Churchw. Acc.(Camden) 164 Item, to Hum- 
= for dabinge the churche house..vjd. 1730 A. Gorvon 

4, 
and Mortar. /bid. 374 Those who in various ways t orm 
and dab over those parts of the Building. 1855 Browninc 
Grammarian’s Funeral 72 Fancy the fabric Quite, ere you 
build. . Ere mortar dab brick ! 

Hence Dabbed (dxbd) f//.a., Da‘bbing vd/. sb. 
and fi. a. 

1885 W. Rhind’s Trade Circular, A beautiful smooth 

und, which .. will stand the acid bath better than any 

bbed ground, 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 577/2 The 
wound itself does not — .. Washing and sponging and 
dabbing. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Zoabbing-eadektee, the 
machine employed in casting large metal type. 

+ Dab, v.2 Obs. (Cf. Dapsy and Dapsie.] 
? To be wet and dabbled, to hang like wet clothes. 

1 Puaer Aineid vi. (R.), I a held with crokid 
h the mountaynes toppe, ncombrid in my clothes that 
dabbing down from me did droppe. 

Dah, adv. [The verb-stem or sb. used ellipti- 
cally.] With a dab, or sudden contact. 

1608 Armin Nest Ninn. 2 He dropt downe..as heauy 
as if a leaden plummet .. had fallen on the earth dab. 
1884 — wiper! Mall G. ~ Dec. : 1/1 One who 
sharpens his pencil point d of seizing his big; sh 
and going dab at the mountains with splotches of colour. 

Dabber (de-baz). [f. Dan v.1+-ER1.] 

1. One who or that which dabs. b, spec. A 
rounded mass of some elastic material, enclosed 
in leather or silk, used to apply ink, colour, etc., 
evenly to a surface; employed in printing from 
type, wood-blocks, or engraved plates, in paintin 
on china, etc.; in Printing = Bau sb.1 13. ¢. 
brush used in stereotyping for pressing the damped 


i s Amphith.272'The Stepsare..dabbedoverwith Lime | 


DABBLED. 
paper into the interstices of the type, or for various 


urposes in gilding hy, etc. 
fee i Probes wok .. The ..is to 
beichion thinly and dabbed all over with the bber. 1799 


G. Smitn Laboratory 11. 419 Have ready a dabber made of 

glove leather filled with cotton, or 
wool 
vii. 
beans | 
Char. 
a dabber [brush]. 

2. (See quot.) 

1881 Oxfordsh. Gloss. Supp., Dabbers, a 
children with small round flint stones. 
with which the game of Dabbers is played. 

Dabble (dbl), v. [Appears late in 16th c. 
Agrees in form, and in sense 2, with Du. daddelen, 
var. of dabben, expl. by Plantijn as ‘pattrouiller, 
ou patteler de mains’ to dabble with the feet or 
hands, met de voet int slijck dabbelen, ‘ trepiner des 
piedz en la fange’, to trample with the feet in the 
mud. In form Du. daddelen is the frequentative of 
dabben:; the relation of dabble and dad in Eng. is 
less clear.] 

1. trans. To wet by splashing, as in running 
through a puddle or wading about in shallow water, 
or by pressing against wet shrubs, or the like; 
to move anything to and fro in water; hence to 
wet in a casual way; to disfigure or soil with 
splashes of any liquid; to bespatter, besprinkle, 
bedabble. Said of the personal agent, or the 
liquid medium. 

Hg, Hcbreaghombt ogres Husb, xxvii, Set bauen alone, lay 
the bowghes from the blockes: the drier, the les maidens 
dablith their dockes [skirts behind]. 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 
1. iv. 54 A Shadow like an Angell, with bright hayre 
Dabbel’d in blood. 1604 MippLeton Witch u. iii. 3 We 
must take heed we ride through all the puddles. .that your 
safeguard there May be most probably dabbled. a 1656 
UssHer Amn. vi. (1658) 570 The Country being woody they 
were daily dabled with the fall of snow from the trees. 1676 
Wiseman Suzg. (J.), I scarified, and dabbled the wound with 
oil of tu tine. 1860 Gen. P. Toompson Audi Alt. ILI. 
cxxi. 66 The men who are dabbling the Queen’s robe in 
blood. 1887 T. A. Trottore What / remember II. v. 85, 
1 dabbled a handkerchief in a neighbouring fountain for her 
to wash her streaked face. 

b. causal. 

1847 Tennyson Princess 1. 297 Or in the. .holy secrets of 
this microcosm, Dabbling a shameless hand. 

2. intr. To move (with feet or hands, or the bill) 
in shallow water, liquid mud, etc., so as to cause 
some splashing; to play about in shallow water, 
to paddle. 

1611 Cotcr., Patouiller .. to padle, or dable in with the 
feet. 1626 J. Pory in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1.331 They .. made 
her to dable in the durte on a foul morning (Hey Sle 
House to St. James. @1661 Futter Worthies (1840) IL. 
135 Ducklings, which .. naturally delight to dabble in the 
water. 1789 Worpvsw. Evening Walk, Where the duck 
dabbles ’mid the rustling sedge. 182r Crane Vil/. Minstr. 
II. 118 The long wet pasture she dabbles through. 
1858 Frouve Hist. Eng. 111. xvii. 488 The minister who .. 
had stooped to dabble in these muddy waters of intrigue. 

3. fig. To employ oneself in a dilettante way 77 
(any business or pursuit) without going deeply or 
seriously into it; to work off and on aé, as a matter 
of whim or fancy. Const. i (with, at, etc.). 

1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. u.i, Let him still dabble in 
poetry. 1676 Marvett Mr. Smirke 14 Some Youngster 
nat bad been Dabbling amongst the Socinian Writers. 
i yeas Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 120 One of those sources 

disputation which must not be dabbled with: we must 
drink deep, or had better not taste at all. 1792 T. JEFFERSON 
Writ. (1830) IV. 465 Examining how far their own members 
. had been dabblin in stocks. Dickens Old C. Shop 
xxviii, It’s the delight of my life to have dabbled in poetry. 
x G. Macponatp P. Fader III. i. 14 The man who 
dabbles at saving the world by science, education, hygeian 


and other economics. s 4 
+b. To meddle, tamper wth ; to interfere zn. 
1660 R. Coxe Yustice Vind. 7 He has bound himself up 
from dabling with the Grounds of Obedience and Govern- 
ment. a1732 Atrersury 70 Pope (J.), You, I think, have 
been dal g here and there with the text. 1776 Pane 
Com. Sense, Addr. Quakers (1791) 80 Dabbling in matters, 
which the professed quietud: a yom iples instruct you 
not to dle with. 1794 Sir F. M. Even in Ld. Auck- 
land's Corr. (1862) III, 238 As he loves to be dabbling, he 


may perhaps go. ‘ f 
+4. To move up and down in a playful, trifling 
manner, like one dabbling in water. Ods. 

@ 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Poems (1775) 169 I'll dabble 
up and down, and take the air. 

Dabble, sd. [f. prec. verb.] The act of dab- 
bling; that which dabbles. 

3871 R. Exis Catudlus \xiii. 7 While still the gory dabble 
did anew the soil pollute. 

Da‘bbled, 7//. a. [f. DaBBLE v. + -ED.] Wetted 
bysplashing; casually or irregularly wetted; stained 
or soiled with water, blood, mud, etc. 

1g9x Sytvester Du Bartas 1. iv. 397 The lively Liquor 
God With dabbled heels hath swelling clusters trod. 1727 
Swirt Poems, City Shower, Rising with dabbled wings. 
1887 STEVENSON Dadermeeds 1. ix. 18 The maiden jewels of 
the rain Sit in your dabbled locks again. 

Da‘bblement. monce-wd. [See-ment.] Dab- 
bling (in semi-concrete sense). 


played by 


, a stone 


DABBLER. 


1866 CartyLe Remzin. (1881) II. 236, 1.. alas, was met by 

a foul dabblement of paint =“ downstairs. 
bler (de‘ble1). [f. DappLe v. + -ER1.] 

1. One who dabbles, esf. in any business or pursuit. 

1611 Cotcr., Patouillard, a padler, dabler, slabberer ; 
one that tramples with his feet in plashes of durtie water. 
ax625 Fietcuer Elder Bro. u. ii, A little unbaked poetry 
Such as the dabblers of our time contrive. 1768-74 TuckER 
Lt. Nat. (1852) 1. 7 Your dabblers in metaphysics are the 
most dangerous creatures breathing. 1869 Freeman Norm. 
Cong. (1876) III. xi. 72 A dabbler in arts and sciences. 

+2. (See quot.) Obs. 

1611 Cotcr., Papejif, the maine course; that part of the 
maine-sayle whereto the bonnets, or dablers be fastened. 

Da‘bblesome, a. vonce-wd. [See -somx.] Given 
to dabbling. 

1866 Biacxmore Cradock Nowell liii. (1883) 370 Dabble- 
some interferences with ancient institutions. 

Dabbling (deblin), v/. sb. [-1nG1.] The 
action of the verb DABBLE; an instance or result 
of such action. 

1677 Hussarp Narrative 109 Many of the rest were sorel 
wounded, as appeared by the dabbling of the Bushes wit 
blood. 1712 Swirt ¥rnl. Stella 19 Dec., We are full of 
snow and dabbling. 1856 Froupr //is¢. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 
361 Some further paltry dabbling was also attempted with 
the phraseology. 1884 Chr. Treasury Feb. 92/1 The dis- 
connected dabblings of. .untrained forgers. 

Da‘bbling, 4/. a. [-1NG2.] That dabbles. 

166r Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 518 In dabbleing 
weather and autumne. 1816 J. Gircurist Philos. Etym. 
178 Superficial, dabbling authors. a@1845 Hoop Mermaid 
of Margate xii, A scaly tail, of a dolphin’s growth, In the 
dabbling brine did soak. 

Hence Da‘bblingly adv. 

18rr W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXV. 134 The first 
number is written by the editor, and treats dabblingly of 
‘dabblers’. . 

Dabby (debi), a. [f. Dan v2, Das sd. 5.] 
Damp, moist: (of clothes) wet and clinging to the 
body ; flabby; flaccid. 

18x J. Sruptey Seneca’s Medea 131 b, When the stormy 
southerne winde with dankish dabby face Of hoary winter 
sendeth out the gushing showres apace. 1812 Sforting 
Mag. XL. 167 All very greasy, blousy, dabby, dusty, salt- 
watery, and so on. a1825 Forsy Voc. LE. Anglia, Dabby, 
moist, and somewhat adhesive ; sticking tothe skin like wet 
linen. 1844 J.T. Hewett Parsons & W. v, Your. .overalls, 
which hang dabby and flabby about your legs. @ 1845 Hoop 
Domestic Asides iv, I should have loved to kiss her so,— 
(A flabby, dabby babby !). 

Dabchick (dz'b,t{ik). Forms : a. 6 dapchicke, 
dopchicken, 6-7 dopchick(e; 8. 7 dip-chicke, 
9 dibchick; y. 6 dobchickin, 7-8 dobchick ; 
6. 7-9 dab-chick, 8- dabchick. [The early 
forms dap-, dop-chick, with the later dzp-chick, and 
synonym DopprEr, appear to connect the first part 
of the word with the ablaut stem deup-, dup-, dop- 
of Dir, DEEP; but the forms in dod-, dab-, seem 
to be associated with some senses of DaB v.] 

The Little Grebe, Podiceps minor, a small water- 
bird, found in rivers and other fresh waters, and 
noted for its diving; in U.S. the name is applied 
to another species of Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps. 

a. 1575 TurBERV. Faulconrie 150 Small fowle, as the dap- 
chicke, or suche like. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. xc. 
552The Swanne the Cormorant the pellicane, the Dopchicken 
the storke, 16x53 CuarpMaANn Odyss. xv. 636 She. .Shot dead 
the woman, who into the pump Like to a dop-chick dived. 
1732 Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 449 Podicipes 
minor rostro vario, The Pied Bill Dopchick. 1888 W. 
Somerset Word-bk., Dapchick. (Always.) 

B. 1602 Carew Cornwall 35a, The Dip-chicke (so named 
of his diving and littlenesse). 1827 T. Atrwoop in C. M. 
Wakefield Zi/ viii. (1885) 109, I am glad Bosco has got the 
dibchicks. 

y. 18.. Parl. Byrdes 88 in Hazl. £. P. P. U1. 171 The 
Cote, the Dobchick, and the water Hen. 1598 FLorio, 
Piombrino ..a bird called a kingsfisher. Some take it for 
a_dobchickin. na cage ny Frnl. in Acc. Sev. Late 
Voy. 1. (604) 59 ite-breasted Divers, and Dobchicks. 
1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 340 The Didapper, or Dipper, 
or Dobchick, or small Doucker. 1766 Pennant Zoo/, (1768) 
IL. 397. oe Morse Amer. Geog. I. 214 Dobchick. 

6. 1610 [see c]. 1728 Pore Dunc. u. 63 As when a dab- 
chick waddles thro’ the copse, On feet and wings, and flies, 
and wades, and hops. 1789 G. Wuite Sedborne (1853) LI. 
xli. 273 Dabchicks and coots fly erect. 1870 THorNBURY 
Tour Eng. 1. i. Brentford again dive ,, to reappear 
suddenly, like a dab chick on the surface of history. 

b. dial. Applied to the Moor-hen or Water-hen. 

1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss., Dab-chick, the water-hen. 1879 
Shropsh. Word-bk., Dab-chick, the Water-hen. 

e. fig. Ofa girl. 

1610 B. Jonson Adch. w. ii, Fore God, She is a delicate 
Dab-chick ! I must have her, 

q Ash’s explanation ‘A chicken newly hatched ’ 
(to which the Century Dictionary refers the quot. 
from Pope in a 4) is merely an amusing blunder. 

+ Dablet. Ods. In 4 deblet, 7 Sc. dablet, 
daiblet. [a. OF. deadlot (14th c. Godefr.), dim. 
of deable, diable Duvi.] A little devil, an imp. 

1380 Wycur Sern. Sel. Wks. II. 328 Pe fend movep pes 
debletis to fere Cristene men fro treube. @ ONT- 
GomerIE Flyting 379 When the Weird Sisters had this 
voted, all in an voyce, The deid of [the] dablet. did. 515 
For the din of thir daiblets raisd all the deils. 

| Daboya (daboi:a, da‘boya). Also daboia. 
pings daboya that lies hid, the lurker, f. dabna to 
Jurk.] The large viper of the East Indies, 


3 


1872 W. Arkin Sci. § Pract. Med. (ed. 6) 1. 387 A horse 
bitten by a daboia. 1889 Century Mag. Aug. 505 Among 
the vipers the daboya is entitled to rank as a poisoner close 
to the cobra. 

Dabster (dzbstaz). 
see -STER.] 

1. One skilled at anything; an expert or dab. 
Chiefly dial. 

1708 Brit. Apollo No. 3 3/2 Ye Dabsters at Rhime. 
1770-86 P. SkeLton Ws. V. 203 The right dabsters at asly, 
or a dry joke. 1824 Hist. Gaming 29 Her .. luck at play 
(for she was a dabster), 1842 AKERMAN Wiltshire Gloss., 
Dabster, a proficient. 1888 Berksh. Gloss., Dabster, one 
who excels greatly. [So in many dialect Glossaries.] 

Applied depreciatively : cf. Daussrer, 
DaABBLER. ; 

1871 Browninc Pr. Hohenst. 389 Lines Which every 
dabster felt in duty bound To signalize his power of pen and 
ink By adding to a plan once plain enough. 1892 /dler 
Sept. 203, I ama very indifferent amateur, a slouchy dabster, 
a mere artistic sarcasm. 


|| Dabuh. [Arab. 


praz dsdbéias Jer. xii. 9.] The Arab name of the 
Striped Hyzena, retained by some early naturalists. 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa II. 342 Of the Beast called 
Dabuh... It .. will rake the carkeises of men out of their 
graves, and will devour them. 1607 TopsELL Four. Beasts 
439, The second kind of hyena, called Papio or Dabuh. 

ab-wash: see Das sé. 11. 

|| Da capo (da ka-po). Aus. [It. da from capo 
head, beginning.] A direction at the end of a piece 
of music to repeat from the beginning ; the end of 
the repeat being usually marked with a pause or the 
word Fine, (Abbreviated D.C.) Also fig. 

1724 Short Explic. For. Wds. in Mus. Bks. (Stanf.), Da 
capo, or by way of Abbreviation DC. 1740 Dycne & 
Parvon, D.C. in Musick signifies Da Capo, that is, give or 

lay the whole or some particular part of an air again. 1855 
Tuackeray Newcomes i, And then will wake Morrow and 
the eyes that look on it; and so da capo. - 

Hence Da capo vz. (once-wd.), to repeat (music). 

1764 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 240 Say, will my song, da 
capo'd o'er, Piano soft, Andante roar, 1803 in Spir. Pub. 
Frnis. (1804) VII. 21 Thus you may da capo this musical 
entré. 

Dace (déis). Also 5 darce, darse, 6 dase. 
[ME. darse, etc., a. OF. darz, dars, nom. (and pl.) 
of dart, from 15th c. dard Dart, dace: cf. Cotgr., 
‘ Dard, a Dart; also, a Dace or Dare fish’; so 
called from its darting motion : cf. DARE.] 

1. A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish, Lezciscus 
vulgaris. 

¢1430 Two Cookery-bks, 20 Take Dace, Troutys, and 
Roche. c 1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 575 Perche, rooche, 
darce. 1496 Bh. St. Alban’s, Fishing (1810) 36 Another 
[bayte] for darse & roche & bleke. 1538 LeLanp J/¢zx. 
V. go Bremes, Pikes, ‘lenches, Perches and Daces. 1655 
Movurer & Bennet Health’s [ntprov. (1746) 271 Daces or 
Darts, or Dares, be of a sweet Taste, a soft Flesh and 
ithe Nourishment. 1802 Binctey Anim. Biog. (1813) 

II. 84 Dace afford great amusement to the angler. 
1833 Lams Elia, Old Margate Hoy, With no more relish 
_ sea, than a pond-perch or a dace might be supposed 
to have. 

b. U.S. Applied locally to other fishes resem- 
bling or allied to this: as the genus RAinichthys, 
and the redfin, Minnzlus cornutus. (Cent. Dict.) 

2. Comb., as dace-like. 

1838 Lytton AJice vi. iv, Stopping Mr. Douce’s little .. 
dace-like mouth. : 

|| Dacey (dési). Anglo-Ind. [ad. Hindi aési, 
f. ds country.] Of or belonging to the country 
(i. e. India), native ; = CounTRY 13 b, as in dacey- 
cotton, silk, manufacture, etc. 

1876 L. P. Brockett Sidk-weaving i. 13 (Cent. Dict.). 

|| Dachshund (da‘ksjhund). Also in partly 
anglicized form dachs-hound. ([Ger. = badger- 
dog.] One of a German breed of short-legged long- 
bodied dogs, used to draw badgers; a badger-dog. 

c1881 M. Arnotp Later Poems, Poor Matthias, Max, 
a dachshound without blot. 1888 Mrs. H. Warp &. £/s- 
mere (1890) 285 The sleek dachshund .. sat blinking beside 
its mistress, a 

Dacite (déssit). Geol. [Named 1863 from 
Dacia, the Roman province including Transylvania 
+-ITE.] A name for varieties of greenstone or 
trachyte rock containing quartz. 

[1878 Lawrence Cotta’s Rocks Class. 185 Stache has given 
the name of Dacit to a quartzose trachyte.] 1879 RuTLey 
Stud. Rocks xii. 235 The chemical composition of the dacites 
varies considerably. : 

Dacity (de'siti). dial. Also (s.w.) docity. 
[An aphetic form of audacity : so in local dialects 
dacious.| Capacity, ability; activity, energy. 

1636 W. Sampson Vow Breaker v, I have plai’d a Major 
in my time with as good dacity as e’re a hobby-Horse on ’em 
all. 1746 Exmoor Scolding (1879) 209 Tha hast no Stroil ner 
Docity, no Vittiness in enny keendest Theng. | 1855 Rosin- 
son Whitby Gloss., Dacity, fitness, capacity, suitable address 
in a matter. 

Dacker, daiker (deka, de’kor), v. Sc. and 
north. dial. Also daker. [app., in sense 1, the 
same as MFlem. daeckeren ‘ volitare, motari, mo- 
bilitari; et vibrare, coruscare” (Kilian, 1599). But 
sense 7 is not clearly connected with the others, and 
may be a separate word.] 


[In sense 1 f. DaB 56.3 : 


2 gabus hyena = Heb. 


DACRYOLITH. 


I. 1. int. To shake to and fro, waver, totter, 
stagger. Eng. dial. 

1668 Skinner Etym. (1671), Dacker, vox in agro Lincoln. 
usitata : significat autem Vacillare, Nutare. 1674 Ray N.C. 
Words 13 Dacker, to waver, stagger or totter, a word used 
in Lincolnshire. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Daikering .. also 
quavering with the limbs; ‘a daikering sort of a body’, 
a paralysed person. 187 N. W. Linc. Gloss. (ed. 2), 
Dacker, to waver, to shake fitfully. .‘ I could see the chimla 
dacker ivry gust that came’. 

2. To walk totteringly as from feebleness or in- 
firmity; to toddle; to go about slowly, idly or 
carelessly ; to saunter, dander. 

1818 Scorr Rod Roy xxiii, Gin ye'll.. just daiker up the 
gate with this Sassenach. — Hrt. Midi. viii, Wha wad 
hae thought o’ his daikering out this length? 1825 Jamir- 
son, Dacker, daiker ..(7) To go about in a feeble or infirm 
state, Ettrick Forest. 1851 Cumbrid. Gloss., Dakerin, 
walking carelessly. 

8. To work in an irregular or pottering way. 

1703 THorespy Let, to Ray (E.D.S.), Daker, to work for 
hire after the common days work is over, at 2d. an hour. 
1808 Jamieson, Dacker, daker, daiker..3. To toil as in job 
work, to labour..5. To be engaged about any piece of work 
in which one does not make great exertion; to be slightly 
employed. 2 7 

4. fig. To remain or hang on in a state of irreso- 
lution ; to vacillate, equivocate, waver; be irregular 
in one’s ways. Also, to have relapses in sickness. 

1818 Scott Rob Roy vi, Sae I e’en daiker on with the 
family frae year’s end to year's end. 1877 in NV. IW. Linc. 
Géoss., ‘I knew he was liein’, he dacker'd..in his talk.’ 

5. To truck, to traffic (Lothian). 

‘It properly signifies to deal in a piddling and loose sort 
of way ; as allied in sense to E. Aigg/e’ (Jamieson). 

. To have dealings, engage, grapple wth. 

1785 Poems Buchan Dialect 10 (Jam.), | dacker’d wi’ him 
by mysel’. 1882 in Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets Ser. 1. 193 
"Iwere well wi folk they oft would think Afore they daiker 
long wi drink. 

II. 7. To search (¢tr. and ¢rans.). 

1634 Burgh Rec. in Cramond Ann. Banff. (1893) 11. 251 
The bailyie, haiffing causit searche, seik, and dacker the 
duelling housis. 1717 Air& Session Rec. in Gordon Chron. 

‘eith (1880) 90 Warrant for dackering for the said meal. 
1768 Ross Helenore 91 (Jam.) ‘To dacker for her as for 
robbed gear, 

|| Dacoit (dakoit), sé. Also dakoit, decoit. 
[Hindi dakait, orig. dakatt, f. daké gang-robbery, 
f, Skr. dashtaka compressed, crowded.] 

A member of a class of robbers in India and 
Burmah, who plunder in armed bands. 

Also applied to pirates who formerly infested the Ganges 
between Calcutta and Burhampore ; see quot. 1810. 

1810 T. Wittiamson £. Judia Vade M, 11. 396 (Y.) Decoits, 
or water-robbers. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. /udia 1. 399 
The Dakoits did not commonly proceed to murder; but 
they perpetrated atrocious cruelties. 1888 Pall Mall G. 
1 Feb. 3/2 The whole of Lower Burmah was ravaged by 
bands of dacoits, who defied and defeated the local authorities 
and robbed whole villages. 

Hence Dacoi't v., to plunder as a dacoit ; Da- 
coi'tage, Dacoi'ting, the practice of a dacoit, 
DacolTy ; Dacoitee’, one robbed by a dacoit. 

1886 4 thenzum 1 May 578 The only choice left him is that 
of dacoiting or of being dacoited. 1890 ies 26 Dec. 3/1, 
2000 rupees and other property belonging to them were 
dacoite: 1887 New York Examiner 12 May (Cent. Dict.', 
We may expect soon to hear that Dacoitage has begun with 
as much vigor as ever. 1887 Edin. Rev. Apr. 499 It may be 
a pleasanter game to play the dacoit than the dacoitee. 
1885 Manch. Courier 16 Dec., It is stated that dacoiting .. 
has taken place at Bhamo. 

|| Dacoity (dakoi'ti). Also de-, dacoitee, -ie. 
[a. Hindi dakaztz, abstr. sb. f. dakart.] 

The system of robbery practised by the dacoits ; 
gang-robbery ; an act of robbery with violence 
committed by an armed band (now, according to 
the Indian penal code, of not less than five men). 

1818 Jas. Miz Brit. Jndia (1840) V. 466 (Y.) The crime of 
dacoity (that is, robbery by gangs). 1845 StocquELER 
Handbk, Brit, India (1854) 223 Not less than one hundred 
Dacoities..are annually reported. 1891 7imes 12 Jan. 5/2 
A dacoity did occur..and property was carried off. 

“| Erroneously for Dacor. ; 

1849 E, E, Napier Excurs. S. Africa I. 7 Once the 
property of a renowned Decoitee, or river-pirate. 

Dacre, obs. form of DicKER (of hides). 

Dacryd (de'krid). ot. [f. mod.L. Dacrydium, 
a. Gr. daxpvdiov, dim. of Saxpu tear, in allusion to 
resinous drops exuded by these trees.] A tree 
or shrub of genus Dacrydium, allied to the Yew. 

1846 Linpiey Veg. Kingd. 228 In New Zealand the Dacryds 
are sometimes no bigger than Mosses. 

Dacryolin (dz'kriolin). Chem. [mod. f. Gr. 
daxpv tear+-OL+-IN.] The form of albumin found 
in the tears. 

1875 A. Fist Physiol. Man. V. 145 The albumen.. is 
called by some authors, lachrymine..or dacryoline. 1882 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Dacryolin..is converted by slow evapora- 
tion into a yellow insoluble substance. 

Dacryolith, -lite (de*krijolip, -loit). Path. 
[f. as prec. + Ai@os stone.] A calculus or concretion 
occurring in the lacrymal ages. 

1847-9 Tonp Cycl. Anat. 1V. 82/1 Calculous formations in 
the lacrymal organs .. may be known by the generic name 
dacryolith. 1875 H. Watton Dis, Eye 1009 Conjunctival 
dacryoliths have been described. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Dacryolith, same as Dacryolite. 

1*-2 


DAORYOMA. 


Dacryorma. /ath. [f. as prec. after such 
sbs. as carcinoma.] An impervious state of one or 
both of the puncta lachrymalia, preventing the tears 
from passing into the lachrymal sac. 

1830 in S. Coorer Dict. Surg. 373. 1857 in DuNGLISON. 

| Da . Path. [f.as prec. + dy eye, face.] 
a. An affection of the eyelid: a clear cyst due to 
distension of one of the lachrymal ducts. b. A 
watery eye. 


; 1857 in Duncuison. 1859 HuLKE in Ofthalm. Hosp. Repts. 
. 287. 


Dactalomancy, error for DacryLIoMaANcy. 

+Daretile. Obs. [?f. Dacryi sb.] ?v. intr. To 
run quickly and nimbly. (If not a misprint for 
ductile adj., as treated by Gifford, or for ¢actz/e.) 


@ 1637 B. Jonson Mortimer’s Fall, Thy form doth feast 
mine eye, thy voice mine ear..And softness of thy skin my 
very touch, As if I felt it dactile through my blood. 


1 (dektil), sd. Also 5 -ylle, 5-6 -ile, 6 
-il, -ill, 7-9 -yle. [ad. (perh. through F. dactyle) L. 
dactylus, a. Gr. daxrvAos, a finger, a date, a dactyl 
(from its 3 joints).] 

+1. The fruit of the date-palm ; a date. Ods. 

[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. cxvi. (1495) 678 The 
frute of the palme is callyd Dactulus.] 1483 Cath. Angl. 88 
A Dactylle fute (fruytt A.), dactilis. 1541 R. CopLanp 
Guydon's Formularye Xijb, Powdre of dactiles. 1644 
Butwer Chirol. Aiij, Thus while the tefull Age offer 
whole springs Of Palme, my zealean humble Dactyle brings. 
1656 in BLount Glossogr. 

2. Prosody. A metrical foot consisting of a long 
syllable followed by two short (or, in modern 
verse, of an accented syllable and two unaccented). 

c1420 Wyclif Bible, Fob Prol. (1850) Il. 671 Vers of sixe 
feet, rennende with dactile and sponde feet. 158x S1pNEY 
Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 71 The French .. hath not one word, 
that hath his accent in.. Antefenultima, and little more 
hath the Spanish : and therefore, verie gracelesly may they 
vse Dactiles, 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie u. xiv. (Arb.) 
140 This distique . . standing all vpon perfect dactils, xe 
Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 13 If... upon the first scanning, he 
knows a sponde from a dactyl.. A forward boy! cries the 
school-master. 19779 Burney in Phil. Trans. LXIX. 196 If 
he discovers a partiality for any particular measure, it is for 
dactyls of one long and two short notes. 1838-9 HaALLam 
Hist. Lit. u. v. § 92 The first foot of each verse is generally 
adactyle. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 30. 

3. A mollusc, the piddock (Pholas dactylus). 
ok BincLey Anim, Biog. (1813) HI. 442 The Dactyle 

olas. 

+ Da‘ctylar, 2. Ods. rare. [f. L. type dacty- 
lar-ts, {. dactyl-us: see prec.] Pertaining to a 
dactyl ; dactylic. 

(c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 307 The.vj. is cleped dactilare 
for it is schape as it were pe stoon of a date.) 1828 in 
WEBSTER. 1 

+ Dactyle't. O0s. nonce-wd. [f. Dacty + 
-ET, dim. suffix.] A little dactyl. 

1597 Br. Hatt Sat. 1. vi. 14 How handsomely besets 
Dull spondees with the English dactilets. 

Dactylic (deektilik), a. and sb. [ad. L. dacty- 
lic-us, a. Gr. daxtvducds, f. SdxTVAOS : see -IC.] 

A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a 
dactyl ; consisting of or characterized by dactyls. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 11. (Arb.) 130 That which 
Stanihurst first tooke in hand by his exameters dactilicke 
and spondaicke in the translation of Virgills Eneidos. 1751 
Jounson Rambler 94 ® 9 The power of the spondaick 
and dactylick harmony. 1853 Lowett Moosehead Frni. 
Prose Wks. 1890 I. 11 The dactylic beat of the horses’ hoofs. 
1871 Publ. Sch. Lat. Gram. § 225 The Dactylic Hexameter 
occupies as large a space in Latin poetry as all other Verses 
together. 

B. sb. A dactylic verse. 

1795 SoutHey (f7tle), The Soldier's Wife. Dactylics. 
X97 Canninec & Girrorp Parody in Anti-jacobin No. 6 

eer talk of ears again ! look at thy spelling-book ; Dacty- 
lics, call’st thou ’em ?—‘ God help thee, silly one!’ 1872 
M. Cotuins Two Plunges I. v. 103 She got hold of a blind 
poet..and made him tell the story in dactylics. 

Dactylio-, combining form of Gr, d5axrvAtos 
finger-ring [f. 5dervAos finger: see DactyYx], as in 
Dacty'lioglyph [Gr. daxrvAtoyAvd-os], an en- 
graver of gems for finger-rings ; also, according to 
Brande, ‘the inscription of the name of the artist 
on a gem ’; hence Dacty:liogly’phic a.; Dacty- 
lio'glyphist = Dactylioglyph; Dactylioglyphy 
[Gr. BaxrvAcoyAvgia], the art of engraving gems 
(Webster 1864). Dactylio'grapher, one who 
describes finger-rings, engraved seals, etc. ; hence 


Dacty:liogra’phic a.; Dactylio'graphy, the de- 


scription of finger-rings, ‘the science of - 
engraving’ (Brande). Dactylio-logy, the study of 
finger-rings, 


1850 Leitcn Miller's Anc. Art § 131. 109 The luxury of 
Hex Hekeericn, 9 -raised the art of the dactylioglyphist to the 
height which it was capable of attaining. C. W. Kine 
Antique Gems § Rings Index, Dactyliology. 

Dactyliomancy (dickti‘liome:nsi). error. 
dactylo-. [f. Gr. danrvAcos finger-ring + -MANCY.] 
Divination by means of a finger-ring. 

(For methods see E. B. Tylor, Prin, Culture 1. 115.) 

Dactyliomancie 


1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage 1. .v. 310 was 
a divination with Rin AULE ‘rom, 165 
Dactylomancy. 1871 Tytor Prim, Cult. 1. 115 ‘These 


mystic arts. .are rude forms of the classical dactyliomancy. 


4 
1877 W. Jones Finger-ring L. 112 Another method of prac- 


tising Dactylomancy. 

+Da-ctylist. Obs. rare. [f. DacryL + -1st.] 
A writer of dactylic verse. : 

1785 Warton Pref. Milton's Min. Poems (T.), May is cer- 
tainly a sonorous dactylist. 

ll litis (dektileitis). Path. Inflamma- 
tion of a finger or toe. Hence Dactylitic (-i'tik) 
@,, pertaining to dactylitis. 

1861 Bumsreap Ven. Dis. (1879) —— affection .. was 
Sonate called syphilitic panaris. ‘e use the term dacty- 
litis. /bid. 772 tylitic swellings. ee 

lo- (dzektilo, dzektilg’), combining form 
of Gr. dd«rvAos finger, as in Da:ctylodei‘ktous a. 
(nonce-wd.) [Gr. daxrvdAddexT0s], pointed at with 
the finger. Dactylo'graphy = DactYLoLocy. 
Dactylo‘nomy [-Nomy], the art of counting on 
the fingers, Dactylo‘podite (Zoo/.), [Gr. 708- foot], 
the terminal joint of a limb in Crustacea. Da‘cty- 
lopo:re (see quot.); hence Dactyloporric a. 
Dactylo-pterous a., having the characters of the 
genus Dactylopterus of fishes, in which the pectoral 
fins are greatly enlarged and wing-like; so Dacty- 
lo‘pteroid a. Da:ctylozo‘oid, -zo’id, a mouthless 
cylindrical zooid in some Hydrozoa. 

1852 Zimes 27 May 5/6 Oxford must .. be represented in 

litics. .by an universally dactylodeiktous personage. 1884 
Pe. Gorvon Deaf Mutes in Amer. Annals Apr, (1885) 128 
note, A much simpler system of ‘dactylography’ based 
upon the Dalgarno alphabet. 17a Baitey, Dactylonomy, 
the Art of Numbering on the Fingers. 1870 RoLtesTon 
Anim. Life g2 Appendages which are known as the 
* propodite’ and ‘dactylopodite’. 1880 Huxtey Crayfish 
iv. 219 The dactylopodites of the two posterior thoracic 
limbs. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dactylopore, a name given to 
the pores in the corallum of Hydrocorallinz, from which the 
dactylozoids protrude. 1888 Rotieston & Jackson Anim. 
Life 758 The hydranth is sometimes modified for special 
functions, and the following must be regarded as polymor- 
phic forms of it.. The Dactylozooid, a mouthless hydranth, 
modified for solely defensive and offensive purposes. Such 
zooids are universal among //ydrocorallina. 

loid (dektiloid), a. rare—°. [ad. Gr. 
daxrvdoedns finger-like: see -o1D.] Resembling 


a finger. 1882 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 
Dactylology (diktilplodzi). Also 7 dacty- 

logie. [f. Gr. daervAos finger + -Aoya discourse : 

see -LOGY.] ‘Finger-speech’; the art of ‘speak- 


ing’ or communicating ideas by signs made with 
the fingers, as in the deaf-and-dumb alphabet. 
(Formerly CHrRoLoGy.) 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Dactylogie .. finger-talk, speech 
made with the fingers. 1680 Datcarno Deaf & Dumb 
Man's Tutor Introd., Cheirology, or dactylology. . is inter- 
pretation by the transient motions of the fingers. 1860 
Guardian 24 Oct. 927/1 The ceremony was performed in the 
finger language, or, as it is grandiloquently termed, dactyl- 
ology. 1885 G. MrrepitH Disan It, xii. 303 They pressed 
Bands at parting. .not for the ordinary dactylology of lovers, 
but in sign of the treaty of amity. 

Dactylose (dektildu's), a. rare—°. [f. DacryL 
(or its source) +-OSE.] ‘ Having fingers, or finger- 
shaped’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

(deed), 56.1 collog. Also 6-7 dadd(e. 
[Occurs from the 16th c. (or possibly 15th c.), in 
representations of rustic, humble, or childish speech, 
in which it may of course have been in use much 
earlier, though it is not given in the Promptorium 
or Catholicon, where words of this class occur. 

Of the actual origin we have no evidence : but the forms 
dada, tata, meaning ‘father’, originating in infantile or 
childish speech, occur independently in many languages. 
It has been assumed that our word is taken from Wels 
tad, mutated dad, but this is very doubtful ; the Welsh is 
itself merely a word of the same class, which has displaced 
the original Celtic word for ‘father’=Ir. athair.] 

A childish or familiar word for father: originally 
ranking with mam for mother, but now less typi- 
cally childish. Cf. Dappy. 

ta 1§00 Chester Pi. (Shaks. Soc.) I. i Cayme. 1 will.. 
Speake with my dadde and mam also..Mamme and dadd, 
reste you well! (Ofuncertain date : the MS. is only of 1592. 
Harl. MS. of 1607 reads (ii. 678) ‘sire and dam’, (ii. 681)‘ father 
and mother’.) x: Witson Rhet. 31 <p forthe 
a faire child unto you. .suchea oneas shall call you dad with 
his swete lispyng wordes. 1590 Greene Never too date 
(1600) 53 The boy sa Mam, where is my Dad, when will 
he come home? 1g9§ SHAKS. Fohn u. i. 467 Since I first 
cal'd my brothers father Dad. 16a5 Git Sacr. Philos.1. 95, 
I have not read so farre in heraldry, as to tell you who was 
his Dad, nor of what house his mother came. 1708 Mrs. 
Crentiivre Busie Body 1. i, An Uncle who .. tho’ he made 
me his Heir, left Dad my Guardian. 1816 ‘ Quiz’ Grand 
Master 1, Argt., Leaving his dad and mam in tears. 1886 
Besant Childr. of Gibeon u. viii, Poor old dad ! 

Jig. 1608 T, Morton Pream. Encounter 93 It is better to 
be a lad then (that I may so on be dad in ood, 1682 
N. O. Boilean's Lutrin. 222 For he was Dad of ail the sing- 
ing Tribe. 1828 Craven Gloss., Dad is also used for one 
that excels in any thing, but chiefly in a bad sense. ‘He'st 
dad of au for mischief’. 2 

Dad, 50.2 Sc. and north. dial. Alsodaud, dawd. 
[f. Dap v.] 

‘1, A firm and shaking blow, a knock or thump 
Cage on the back of a man or beast, or on any body 
with dull resonance). 

1718 Ramsay Christ's Kirk wu. xiii, He. Pa dad, and 
dang the bark Aff's shins that day. 1 . Davipson 


DADDOCK. 


Seasons 15 (Jam.) Whoe’er did slight him gat a daud. 1827 
J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. (1855) 1. 277 The snaw was 
$3 ein them sai als and dads on their Hees 2 

e piece knocked off, a ‘thumping’ piece, 
a lump (of bread or other solid matter). . 

1785 uRNS //oly Fair xxiii, Cheese an’ bread. .dealt about 
in..dawds that day. 1837 R. Nicott Poems (1843) 89 Dauds 
o’ counsel ye would gie. ie alam Bards of Tyne 
2s ee dads o” 1879 C: . Gloss. 

uppl., Daud, a flake of snow. 

a deformation of God, in asseverations : 
now dial. (Cf. Apap, Brpap; also Don.) 

1678 Otway Friendship in F. 11. i, But by Dad he’s pure 
company. 1681 N. N. Rome's Follies we “st thou so, 
Neighbour? dad, you have very much reviv'd my heart. 
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy iii, By dad! Andy, ve 
made a mistake this time that I'll forgive you, 1890 Dialect 
Notes (Boston U.S.), Kentucky Words u. 64 Dad, dod, for 
God, in certain curses. .‘ Dad drat your hide’. 

Dad, daud (died, dad), v. Sc. and north. dial. 
[Onomatopeeic ; expressing orally the action in 
question, and its abrupt and somewhat dulled 
sound. The occasional Sc. spelling daud does 
not imply a long vowel, but merely the low back 
wide (a), often approaching (9) 

1. ¢vans. To strike with a blow that shakes or 
sends a shock through ; to knock, beat; to shake 
with knocking or beating. 

1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 1. 260 One took him [the 
‘idole’] by the heillis, and dadding his head to the calsay, left 
Dagon without head or handis. 1715 Ramsay Christ's Kirk 
11. ii, Then took his bannet to the bent And daddit aff the 
glar. 1722 — Three Bonnets w, This said, he dadded to the 
yate. 1816 J. Wirson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 138 Twa 


| stout young fellows daudin ane anither about..wi' their 


neives, 1 Moir Mansie Wauch xvii. (1849) 113 Dadding 
the end of his staff on the ground. 1849 Cartyte Let, in 
Froude Zife I. 11 Nervous system all ‘dadded about’ by 
coach travel. 

2. intr. 

1719 Ramsay 2nd Answ. Hamilton iv, Dad down a grouf, 
and takadrink. Mrs. Cartyte Left. III. 258 The 
shock it was to me to find. .all those weak, wretched letters 
. .‘dadding about’ [knocking about] in the dining-room. 

Dada (deda, dada-), Also dadda, da-da. [Cf. 
Dap sb.1]_ A child’s word for father; cf. papa. 
(In some parts arypeoar ny dada’, like papa’, and 
used instead of that word.) 

1688 3rd Coll. Poems, Loyal Litany xvi, Or if the Smock 
and Dada fails, Adopt a Brat of Neddy Hayles. 
Farquuar Love & Bottle 1, Poor child ! he’s as like his own 
dadda as if he were spit out of his mouth. » Map. 
D'Arsiay Early Diary (1889) I. 117 Dear I have 
this moment received your letter. 1842 in Robson Bards 
of Tyne (1863) 227 A, U, A, my bonny bairn..A, U, A—thou 
suin may learn To say dada se canny. 1866 Miss Yonce 
Prince & Page iii. 52 ‘The child still cried for her da-da. 

int. Obs. [app. of nm origin ; 
but the history is unknown.] A childish and 
familiar expression for ‘ Good-bye!’; the earlier 
form of Ta-TAa. 

1681 Orway Soldier's Fort. 1. i, Well, da, da, da. . pri 
don’t be troubled, da, da. x Hampton Court Misc. 10 
Wife..Da, Da, Monster (exit Eeoghing. Husb, Farewel, 
‘Tormentor. F 

+ Da-dder, v. Obs. exc. dial. In § dadir. 
[Cf. Doppgr, Dipper, Dirner: the form is that 
of a frequentative, as in patter, shiver, totter, etc. : 
but the etymology of the stem dad-, did-, dod-, is 
obscure ; cf. spt intr. To quake, tremble. 


1483 Cath. Angl. 88/1 To Dadir, /rij . 1§.. Hye Way 
to Spyttil Hous 118 in Hazl. £. P,P. 1V. 28 gyrles, 
and foskysh strong knaues, Dydderyng and 


‘4 
leaning on their staues. 1 Levins Manip. 77/47 °° 
Dadder, trepidare. 1878 Cumbrid. Gloss., , Didder, 
Dodder, to shiver; to tremble. 


Hence Dadder-, Dodder-grass, Brisa media. 
be Cumbrid. Gloss., Dadder grass, Dotherin grass, 
5 in, 


var. of Dappy. 


1785 in Grose Dict. Vulg. Ti 5 pean ty 9 gee! Mag. 
XXXIX. 47 His daddles usd with such skill and dex: 
terity. Scorr 7% A 
the bailiff—sure..men 
1881 Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Suppl. 
us daddle’ is an invitation to shake hands. 

ddle, v.! dial. [app. f. same root as Dap- 
DER, with dim. ending -LE: cf. toddle.] intr. To 
walk totteringly or unsteadily, like a child; to be 
slow in motion or action; to dawdle, saunter, trifle. 
Cf. Darpite, DAWDLE. 

1787 Gross Prov. Gloss., Daddle, to walk unsteadily like 
a_child; to waddle. Brockett North C. Was. 
Daddle, to walk unsteadily, to saunter or trifle. 

dd, Gloss., Daddle, to walk or work slowly ; to tri 
1881 Miss Jackson aah gun Word-bk. Suppl., Daddile, to 
ifle; to loiter; to dawdle. 
sddle, v.2 dia/. =DnvLx. 

1886 Srevenson 7yeasure Jsi. 1. iii. ox ‘I'll trick them 

again .. I’ll shake out another reef, matey, and ‘em 


(dee'dak). dial, Also 7 dadocke. 

[Stem dad- of uncertain etymology; but cf. Dop- 
DER: the suffix ap to be dim. -ock, as in 
bullock, hillock.] Rotten or decayed wood ; also 
- M. Si S (1632) 106 Hi would it 
iP. « SMITH Sermi, (1 BS ow 1 

toa bodne som Gindc tase martha of Sanne ¢ a piece 


DADDY. 


of dadocke-wood to flame? 1674 Birount Glossogr. (ed. 4), 
Daddock, when the heart or body of a Tree is throughly 
rotten, it is called Daddock, quasi, dead Oak. 1787 Grosz 
Prov. Gloss., Daddock, rotten wood, touch-wood. Glouc. 
1845 S. Jupp Margaret u. i, The great red daddocks lay in 
the green pastures where they had lain year after year, 
crumbling away. 1884 Ufton-on-Severn Gloss., Daddock, 
decayed wood, touchwood. 

Hence Da‘ddocky a., decayed, rotten. 

1825 Britton Beant. Wiltshire, Daddicky, dry, decayed. 

Upton-on-Severn Gloss., Daddocky, flimsy, unsub- 
stantial, soft with decay. 

Daddy (dedi). collog. Also 6 daddye, 6-8 
dady, 8-9 daddie. [dim. of Dan sé.1: see -y.] 
A diminutive and endearing form of Dan, father. 

?ax1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 38 As my daddye 
hath — yt me, I will fulfill his lore. [MS. of 1592: 
Har]. MS. reads ‘father’.] @ 1529 SkeLton /mage [pocr. 
158 Now God save these dadyes And all ther yong 
babyes. 1552 Hutort, Dadde or daddy, as infantes cal 
their fathers. 1673 R. Leicn Tranusproser Reh. 8 Every 
Nurse can readily point to Daddy’s Eyes. 1794 J. Wotcorr 
(P. Pindar) Row?, for Oliver Wks. II. 413 So [I] ask’d my 
daddy’s leave to study Painting. 1880 Miss Brappon Yust 
as ian xl, She could not believe that there was a fault in 


b. trreverently. 

1749 Cuesterr. Lett. II. cxciii. 220 All day long afraid of 
old Daddy in England. 1892 Spectator 24 Dec. 927/2 In 
other respects, he is an Old Daddy ! ae 

Hence Da'ddyism zonce-wd., the characteristics 
of an ‘old daddy’ (cf. prec. b); in U.S. boast of 
or respect for ancestry. 

1871 Kate Fiero in Harper's Bagnar Aug. (Farmer), 
‘His grandfather was a distinguished man.’ ‘Was he?’ 
veoiled the man of Chicago. ‘'That’s of no account with us. 
There’s less daddyism here than any part of the United 
States. What’shehimself?’ 1892 Spectator 24 Dec. 927/2 
If this t truth had broken upon Carlyle’s biographer, how 
much daddyism had we been spared ! 

Da:ddy-lo‘ng-legs. [From its very long 
slender legs.] a. A popular name for the CRANE- 
FLY. (Called also father- and Harry-long-legs.) 
b. A name for Arachnids or spiders of similar 
appearance, such as those of the genus Phalangium. 

a 1814 Dispin Quanki Fongo in Univ. Songster 11. 58/1 
Old daddy longlegs, when he drank hiscongo. 1840 West- 

“woop tr. Cuvier’s Anim. oa 619 These insects are well 
known under the names of Daddy long-legs, Tailors, &c. 
1884 F. J. Luoyp Science A led 279 Next to the wireworm 
the crane fly or daddy-longlegs..is probably most hurtful. 

Dade (déid), v. Obs. exc. dial. Also dial. dad, 
dawd. [perh. the same as the root of DappEr.] 

1. zxtr. To move slowly or with uncertain steps, 
to toddle, like a child just learning to walk. 

1612 Drayton Poly-old. i. 8 Which nourisht and bred up 
«.No sooner taught to dade, but from their mother trip. 
Jbid. xiv, But eas’ly from her source as Isis gently dades. 

2. trans. To lead and support (one who totters, 
esp. a child learning to walk). Also fig. 

1598 Drayton Heroic. Ep. xxi. 108 The little children 
when they learne to goe, By painefull Mothers daded to and 
fro. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 18 A guide .. to stay 
and dade them when they learned to go. Jézd. 399 Such he 
ought to enforme, to direct, to dade and leade by the hand. 
1859 E. Waucu Lanc. Songs 72 (Lanc. Gloss.), Dost think 
thae could doff me an’ dad me to bed? 1879 Miss Jackson 
Shropshire Word-bk., Dade, to lead children when learning 
to walk, 188: Leicestershire Gloss., Dade, to help to walk 
-:‘I shouldn’ ha’ got home, if they hadn’ daded me along’. 

Hence Da'ding v0/. sb., as in + dading-sleeves, 
-strings (dial.), leading-strings. 

2675. EONGE Diary (1825) 13 His sonn..with his mayd to 
leade him by his dading sleeves. 1865 Ben Briertey /rk- 
dale 1, 259 He’s nobbut like a chilt in its dadins. 1879 
Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk., a oa by 
which a child is held up when learning to walk. 

+ Dade, sd. Obs. Name of some wading bird. 

1686 Loyal Garland xx. ii, There’s neither swallow, dove, 
nor dade, Can soar more high, or deeper wade. 

Dade, early form of DEzp, 

Da‘dless, ¢. vare—'. [f. Dap sd.1 + -LEss.] 
Fatherless. 

1606 Warner Ald, Eng. xiv. xci. 369 So many dadlesse 


Babes. 

Dado (déi'do). Arch. [a. It. dado die, cube 
(=Pr. dat, OF. det, dé) :—L. datum: see D1E.] 

1. The block or cube, with plane faces, forming 
the body of a pedestal, between the base mouldings 
and the cornice ; the die. 

1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. 124 [The Pedestal] is 
likewise called Truncus the Trunk .. also Abacus, Dado, 
Zocco, &c, 1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 102/1 Dado or Dye 
is a flat in a Cornice or Pedestal. 1816 J. Smrru Panorama 
Sc. § Art I. 17x Each central portion, as dado of pedestal, 
shaft of column. 1820 T. Cromweit £xcurs. Ireland ii. 81 
The dado of the pedestal, above the entablature. 

2. The finishing of wood running along the lower 
part of the walls of a room, made to represent 
a continuous pedestal ; strictly applied only to the 
flat surface between the plinth and the capping. 
Hence, b. Any lining, painting, or papering of the 
lower part of an interior wall, of a different 
material or colour from that of the upper part. 

1787 Builder's Price-Bk. 39 Dado. # inch dado, level, 
skirted, and caped. 1 Lbid. 41 Whole deal dove-tailed 
dado and keyed. 1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 284/2 The dado 


5 


stucco-work or paper of the walls. “1854 Zcclesiologist XV. 
357 A dado of oak-panelling. 1858 Household Words No. 456. 
66 (The Athasabes} The dados, or low wainscotings, are of 
square glazed tiles, which form a glittering breast-high coat 
of mail. 

b. 1877 Brack Green Past. x\.(1878) 323 Oh, by the way, 
Lady Syivia, how did your dado of Indian matting look? 
1879 Miss Brappon Vixen ILI. 249 Mabel insisted upon 
having .. a sage-green wall with a chocolate dado—did you 
ever hear of a dado?—in the new morning-room. 

3. attrib., as dado-moulding. 

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 284 A cornice or dado moulding 
surmounting the die. 1852-6r Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict. 
s.v., The capping or surbase, sometimes called the dado 
molding. 

Dadoed (dz'dod), ppl. a. [f. Davo sd. +-Ev] 

Furnished with a dado. 

1881 Miss Brappon Asfh. xiv. 159 ‘The old oak-dadoed 
drawing-room. 1890 Pa// Mall G. 13 Aug. 2/3 A pretty 
morning-room. . with dadoed walls. 

Dae, Sc. form of Dor. 

+ De'dal, sd. Ovs. In 7 Dedale, Dedal(1. 
[ad. L. Dupat-us: see below. Cf. F. Dédale maze.] 

1. An anglicized form of the proper name Deda- 
lus; a skilful artificer or fabricator like Dedalus. 

[1619 H. Hutton Fold. Anat. Ava (Stanford), My lame- 
legd Muse ..Yet doth aspire with Dedall’s wings.] c 1630 
Drum. or Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 18 The Silk-worm 
of Love. A Dedale of my death. 

2. A maze or labyrinth. 

1 Evetyn Acetaria (1729) 119 Groves, Labyrinths, 
Dedals..Close-Walks..and other Relievo’s of Topiary and 
Hortulan architecture. : 

Dedal (dz-dal), a Chiefly foetical, Also 6-7 
(9) dedale, 7 dedall, 7-9 dedal. [ad. L. dedal- 
us, a. Gr. Saidados skilful, cunningly wrought, 
variegated, etc. ; see prec.] 

1. Skilful, cunning to invent or fashion. 

1590 Spenser F, Q. 1. Prol. ii, All were it Zeuxis or 
Praxiteles, His dadale hand would faile and greatly faynt. 
¢ 1630 Drum. or Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 36 Out-run 
the wind-out-running dadale hare. 1828 Blackw. Mag. 
XXIV. 346 Here the dashing Blind Harry the Harper had 
hung up his dedal harp. 1872 Biackte Lays /igh?. 33 By 
the dzdal hand of Titan Nature piled. es 

2. Displaying artistic cunning or fertility of in- 
vention ; maze-like ;= D&DALIAN I. 

¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawrn. Poems Wks. (1711) 42 Ye, who 
with curious numbers, sweetest art, Frame dedal nets our 
beauty to surprive. 1746 J. Warton Ode iii. (R.), Here 
ancient art her dedal fancies play’d In the quaint mazes 
of the crisped roof. 1836 Lanvor Pericles §& A. Wks. 1846 
II. 372 The dedal dance is spun and woven. 

3. Of the earth, etc.; ‘Manifold in works’; 
hence, varied, variously adorned. 

A vague poetic use after Lucretius (1. 7 ‘ dedala tellus’; 
v. 234 ‘natura dedala rerum’), 

1596 SrENSER F. Q. 1v. x. 45 Then doth the dedale earth 
throw forth to thee Out of her fruitfull lap abondant 
flowres. 1745 T. Warton Pleas. Melanch. 248 What dedal 
landscapes smile! 1817 Worpsw. Seguel to ‘ Beggars’, 
For whose free range the dedal earthWas filled with animated 
toys. 1834 D’Israeii Rev. Efpick 1. xv, The dedal faith of 
the old world had died. x Sxeat Uhland’s Poems 28 
With what dzdal fulness Thy beds their blossoms shew ! 

+4. ? Mazy, labyrinthine; ?changeful. Ods. 

1818 Keats Exdymt. iv. 459 Search my most hidden 
breast ! By truth’s own tongue, I have no dzdale heart ! 

+5. Bot. =Dmpatxous, DzpALous. Obs. 

1793 T. Martyn Lang. of Bot., Dedaleum folium, a 
Dedal leaf, 

Deda‘leous, «. For. [f. as next +-ous.] 

1835 Linney /utrod. Bot. (1848) 11. 357 Dedaleous; when 
the point has a large circuit, but is truncated and rugged. 

n, -ean (didéiliin), a. Also De-. 
[f. L. Dedale-us relating to Deedalus, Gr. da:5dAcos 
cunningly wrought +-aNn ; or f. Dedal-us + -IAN.] 

1. Of or after the style of Dedalus ; skilful, in- 
genious, formed with art ; resembling the labyrinth 
of Deedalus, intricate, maze-like. 

1607 WALKINGTON Ot. Glass 111 The Dedalian .. Laby- 
rinths wherein hee takes his turnes. @ 1634 CHAPMAN (W.), 
Our bodies decked in our dedalian arms. 1757 J. Brown 
in Pope's Wks. 1757 III. p. xv. (Stanford), Dadalian argu- 
ments but few can trace. 1776 Apam Situ WW. N. u. ii. 
(1869) I. 322 Suspended upon the Daedalian wings of paper 
money. 1880 Contemp. Rev. XXXVII. 475 uote, Beauty 
of contrivance, adaptation, or mechanism ..we have called 
Daedalian beauty. 

1636 ate igh Tubus Hist. Pref. B, Contrived by a De- 
dalean Hand. 1697 J. Serceant Solid Philos. 41 To please 
the Dedalean Fancies of the ingenious Contrivers. 1850 
CartyLe Latter-d, Pamph. iii. 14 Such creatures, like 
moles, are safe only underground, and their engineerings 
there become very dedalean. 1854 BavuaM Hadlieut. 512 
Unable ‘to wind his way through the Dadalean mazes of a 
modern bill of fare. 

+2. =D2zDAL a. 3. Obs. 

1598 SytvesteR Du Bartas u. ii. Arke 425 In various 
sort Dedalian Nature seems her to disport. 

3. (See quot.) 

es Wornum Lect, Painting 351 note, The black 
or those with the black fig (skiag’ or the st 
reddish-yellow terra cotta, are the most ancient .. The style 
of design of these black figures has been termed the Egyptian 
or Deedalian style. os, 

Dedalist (didalist). xonce-wd. [See -1sr.] 
An imitator of Dzedalus. 

1713 Appison Guardian No. 112 3, 1 have fully con- 

idered the proj Dedalis 


vases, 
ree | 


employed in the interiors of buildings is a 
lestal .. constructed of wood, and is usually about the 
eight of a chair-back. Its present use is to protect the 


project of these our modern ists, and am 
resolved so far to disc ge it, as to p 
from flying in my time. 


nt any person 


! 
| 


DAFFADOWNDILLY. 
+ De'dalize, v. Ols. nonce-wd. [f. D#DAL a. 


+-IZE.] trans. To make intricate or maze-like. 

a@ 1618 SyivesteR Du Bartas, Lacrymz 89 Wee Lawyers 
then, who dedalizing Law, And deading Conecience like 
the Horse-leach drawe. 

dalous (di‘dales),@. Bot. Also dedalous. 
[f. L. dedal-ws cunningly-wrought + -ous.] 

Of leaves: ‘ Having a margin with various wind- 
ings and turnings; of a beautiful and delicate tex- 
ture’ (Webster 1828, citing Martyn, and Lee). 

|| Deedalus (d7dalis). See also Denar sé. [L., 
a. Gr. Aaidados ‘the cunning one’, name of the 
workman who constructed the Cretan labyrinth, 
and made wings for himself and his son Icarus.] 
A skilful or cunning artificer (like Dzedalus). 

c1630 Drumm. or Hawt. Poems Wks. (1711) 50 Gone is 
my sparrow.. A Dedalus he was to catch a fly. 163: Hey- 
woop Exg. Eliz, (1641) 123 Gardiner was the onely Dedalus 
and inventour of the engine. 

Del, early form of DEAL. 

Demon, Demonic, etc.: see DEMON, etc. 

Daer-stock (da‘jer-stgk). Lrish Antig.  [f. 
Mir. déer, Olr. déir, déer base, ignoble, unfree, 
servile, mod.Ir. daor captive, condemned, guilty + 
Stock.] Stock or cattle belonging to the landlord 
of which the tenant or vassal has the use; used 
attrib. in daer-stock tenant, tenancy. 

1875 Maine ///st. /ust. vi. 159 The Daer-stock tenant had 
unquestionably parted with some portion of his freedom. 
1bid., The relation between vassal and chief called Daer- 
stock tenancy. 

Desman, var. of DesMaN. 

Daff (daf), sb. Obs. exc. north. dial. Also 4-5 
daf, 4-6 daffe. [Etymology uncertain: cf. Darr. 

It has been conjecturally referred to ON. dauf deaf, 
dull, savourless, which survives in Sc. dow/, douf dull, spirit- 
less, but this is phonetically inadmissible.] ; 

One deficient in sense or in proper spirit ; a sim- 
pleton, a fool; a coward. 

c1325 Poem Times Edw. IT, 99 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 
328 If the parsoun have a prest of a clene lyf .. Shal comen 
a daffe and putte him out ..That can noht a ferthing worth 
of god. 1362 Lanci. P. P?. A. 1. 129 ‘Pou dotest daffe 
quap heo ‘ Dulle are pi wittes.’ c 1386 Cuaucer Reeve's 7. 
288 And when this Iape is tald another day I sal been 
halde a daf, a cokenay.  c 1440 Promp. Parv. 111/2 Daftfe, 
or dastard, or he pat spekythe not yn tyme, oridurus. 
1587 Harrison Exgland 11. ii. (1877) 1. 58 Certes it [Landaffe] 
is a poore bishoprike. .the late incumbent thereof being called 
for..in open court made answer: ‘The daffe is here, but the 
land is gone’, 1616 BuLtoKxar, Daffe, a dastard. 1876 
Whitby Gloss.. Daf, a half-wit ; a coward. 

Daff (daf), v1 Chiefly Sc. [f. Darr sd. 

Cf. the dial. daffle to become stupid, grow imbecile ; also 
to dumbfounder, confuse the faculties; daffy imbecile, 
stupid from failure of the faculties. MWAz¢by Gloss.] 

1. intr. To play the fool; to make sport, toy, 
dally, talk or behave sportively. 

1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. III. 342 Quhat do 3e now? I se 
3e do bot daf. ax1605 Potwart Flyting w. Montg. 662 
Dastard, thou daffes, that with such divilrie mels. 1813 
Picken Poems I. 175 (Jam.) Come yont the green an’ daft 
wi’ me, My charming dainty Davy. 1876 Whitby Gloss., 
Daf, to chat in a daudling way; to loiter. Also to falter 
in memory; ‘beginning to daft’. 1886 Stevenson A7a- 
napped iv. 30 Gentlemen daffing at their wine. 

+2. trans. To daunt. north. dial. Obs. 

1674 Ray NV. C. Words 13 Daffe, to Daunt. 

Daff (daf), v.2 [A variant of Dorr to do off, 
put off. 

(Johnson, misunderstanding the pa. t., as in quot. 1596, 
made the present stem da/t.)] 

+1. trans. To put off (as clothes) ; to throw off, 
divest oneself of. Ods. 

1597 SHAKsS. Lover’s Compl. 297 There my white stole of 
chastity I daff’d. 1606 — Ant. & C7. 1v. iv. 13 He that 
vnbuckles this, till we do please To daft [=daff’t] for our 
Repose, shall heare a storme. ; : 

2. To put or turn aside, to thrust aside ; es. in 
the Shaksperian phrase to daff the world aside (=to 
bid or make it get out of one’s way), and imitations 
of this (sometimes vaguely or erroneously applied). 

bg Suaks. 1 Hen. IV, 1. i. 96 The .. Mad-Cap, Prince 
of Wales, And his Cumrades, that daft the World aside, 
And bid it passe. 1599 — Much Adov.i. 78 Claud. Away, 
I will not haue to do with you. Zeo, Canst thou so daffe 
me? 1899 — Pass. Pilgr. 183 She bade good night, that 
kept my rest away; And daff’d me to a cabin hang'd with 
care. 1601 WEEVER Mirr. Mart. Avij, We daft the world 
with time ourselues beguiled. 1820 Keats Lamia u. 160 
Some knotty problem, that had daft His patient thought. 
1880 Gotpw. Smiru in Atl. Monthly No. 268. 202 We have 
no right to daff a pessimist’s argument aside merely because 
[etc.]. 1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 787/1 Its pleasant fashion of 
daffing the world aside. — 

+b. To put off (with an excuse, etc.). Obs. 

1604 SHaks. Oth. 1. ii. 176 Euery day thou dafts [v. ». 
doffest] me with some deuise Iago. 

Daffadowndilly, downdilly. Also 
daffe-. [A playful expansion of Darro-pDILLy.] 
A daffodil; used at first in the generic sense. 
Still a widespread popular name of the Yellow 
Daffodil, under the dialect forms daffadown-,-doon-, 
dafidown-, daffodowndilly. 

1573 Tusser Husé. xliii. (1878) 95 Herbes, branches, and 
flowers, for windowes pots .. 7 Daffadondillies. 15 
Spenser Sheph. Cal. Apr. 140 Strowe mee the grounde wit 
daffadowndillies. ipl Morrevux Rabelais ww. li, Their 


DAFFING. 


oof pr ger io 
x |ARHAM . Lege, uire ith r 
like anddtydvsdiea 

2. A shrub: prob. the Mezereon, which is still 
so called in Yorkshire ‘ from the slight similarity 
of the Greek name Daphne with Daffodil’ (Britten 
and Holland). 

1ggx Percivatt Sf. Dict., Adelfa, a daffadoundilly, or 
rather rose bay tree, &. Ane. 1611 Forio, Oledudro, 
the weede Oleander. Also a Daffadounedillie. 


Daffing (da‘fin), v7. sd. [f. Darrv.1+-1ne1.] 

1. Fooling, folly; sportive behaviour or talk ; 
frolicking, toying, merriment. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 1. 449 Into sic daffing puttin 
3our delyte, As brutell beist that followis appetyte. 

G. Stuart ¥oco-ser. Disc. 39 You would have burst your 
heart with ageing To’ve seen the gang so full of daffing. 
1787 Burns 7wa Dogs 43 Until wi’ daffin weary grown, 

pon a knowe they sat them down. 1823 Locxuart Reg. 
Dalton vu. v. (1842) 416 They’re young folk ; daffin’s natural 
to them. 1886 Stevenson Kidnapped xxiii. 232 It was all 
daffing ; it’s all nonsense. : 

Mental derangement, insanity. 

az6r4 J. Metvit MS. 58 (Jam.) There he falls into 
a phrenzie and daffine which keeped him to his death. 1857 
Duncutson Dict. Med. 274 Daffing, insanity. 

Da-ffish, a. Ods. exc. north. dial. [f. Darr sd. 
+-ISH.] Spiritless; stupid. 

14 Matory Arthur 1x. xlii, This is but a daffyssh 
knyght. [1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Daffish, shy, modest.] 

Daffodil (de‘fédil). Also 6 daffodyll, 6-7 
daffo-, daffadill, 7-8 daffadil, (9 daffodel) : see 
also DaF¥FopILLy, and DAFFADOWNDILLY. [A 
variant of AFFODILL, q.v. The initial d has not 
been satisfactorily accounted for. 

It has been variously suggested as due to childish or playful 
distortion, as in Ted for Edward, tante for aunt; to union 
of the article th’ (cf. Cotcr., Affrodille, Th’ Affodill, and 
north. Eng. ¢’ affadil); to final d of and, in (e.g.) ‘fennell 
an-d affodil’ ; to union of the Dutch or Flemish article, as de 
affodil=the affodil; and to Fr. prep. @’ asin freur d’aphro- 
dille. It is noteworthy that as in Eng. the word has gained 
a letter, in 16th c. Fr. it sometimes lost one: Littré (s. v. 
asphodéle) quotes from De Serres (16th c.), ‘ Des racines 
@ afrodille’, and also ‘ Decoction de lapace, de frodilles’. 
A third form dafrodille is quite conceivable. 


Affodill and its popular variants ces paar daffadilly, were | 


originally and properly the Asph 
misconception, due apparently to the application to both 
plants, at their first introduction to England, of the fanciful 
name Laus tibi (see Turner Libe//us B 3b), it was applied, 
especially in the popular variations, to species of Narcissus, 
etc. Botanists, after resisting this misapplication, com- 
promised the matter by retaining affodi/ for the Asphodel, 
and accepting the more popular daffodil for Narcissus. 
Finally affodil was ‘rectified’ to asfodyl and asphodel, 
and daffodil restricted in popular use to the Yellow Narcis- 
sus or Yellow Daffodil of Eng. fields and gardens.] 

+1. The same as AFFODILL; the genus Aspho- 
delus (formerly including some allied plants). Ods. 

[1538see AFFopiLL.] 1548 Turner Names of Herbes s.v. 
A lbucus, Asphodillus groweth .. in gardines in Anwerp, it 
maye be named in englishe whyte affodil or duche daffodil. 


lel; then by popular | 


6 


5. The colour of the daffodil; a pale yellow. 
Also attrib. or as adj. 

1855 Tennyson Mand 1. xxu. ii, On a bed of daffodil sky. 
1884 Pall Mail G. 2x Sept. ve A belt of daffodil in the east 
anno! the approach of dawn. 1886 St. Stephen's Rev. 
13 Mar. 14/1 A primrose, a daffodil, or an orange-coloured 


gown. = ae 
illy, daffadilly (defodili), s?. [f. 
prec.: perh. influenced by /ily.] The same as 
DaFFopiL: a poetic (and dialect) form. 
1538[see ArropiLt]. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Jan. 22 Thy 
sommer prowde, with Daffadillies dight. 1593 DrayTon 
Eclogues iii. 81 See that there be store of Lillyes, (Call’d of 
Shaphoonls Daffadillyes). 1637 Mitton Lycidas 1 ec Bid 
amaranthus all his beauty shed, And daffadillies fill their 
cups with tears. 1847 Mary Howrtt Bad/ads 7 He cut the 
leaves of the snow-drop down, And tied up the daffodilly. 


Da-ffodilly, a. rare. [f. Darropin+-y.] Full 
of or furnished with daffodils. 

1892 Temple Bar Mag. Sept. 125 An exceedingly unpre- 
tentious, yet palm-y and daffodill-y drawing-room. 

Daft (daft), a. Now chiefly Sc. and north. 
[In early ME. daffe, corresp. to OE. gedwfte mild, 
gentle, meek :—OTeut. *gadaftjo-z, f. gadafti vbl. 
sb. from stem daé-, in Gothic gadaban to become, 
be fit, OE. pa. pple. gedafen becoming, fit, suitable. 
The # here is app. for umlaut ¢ before /7, st, which 
explains the two-fold ME. development daft and 
deft, The primary meaning of the adj. must have 
been ‘ becoming, fit’; cf. the adv. gedwftlice fitly, 
suitably, seasonably, and the vb. gede/tan to make 
fit or ready, to prepare; from ‘fit, ready, apt’ 
came the general later sense of deft; from ‘ be- 
coming, decens’ as said of persons, came that of 
‘meek, mild, innocent’, and from ‘innocent, in- 
offensive’ app. that of ‘ irrational’ said of beasts, 
and of ‘silly, foolish, deficient in sense’ as said of 
persons: cf. a common sense of ‘innocent’, and 
the sense-history of Sitty. See also Derr. 

Darr, ‘a fool,’ is found c1325; its relationship to da/t is 
uncertain ; if originally distinct, it may have contributed to 
the development of the sense ‘ foolish’ here.] 

+1. Mild, gentle, meek, humble. Oés. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 5 Nu pin cyning be cymd to 
pe xedeefte. c12z00 Orin 2175 Shammfasst, and daffte, and 
sedefull. /d/d. 4610 And meoc, and daffte, and sedefull. 


2. Silly, foolish, stupid. Cf. InNocENT, SILLY. 
a. Said of beasts. 
1325 Body & Soul 302 in Maf's Poents 343 Ne wuste 


| what was good or il, But as a beest, doumbe and daft. 


1567 Martet Gr. Forest 40 Daffadill, some call Antheri- | 


con, the Romanes Kings spare. 1578 Lyre Dodoens v. \xxix. 
649 This herbe [Asphodelus in i species] is called .. in 
English also Affodyl, and Daffodyll. 1607 Torsett Jeti, 
Beasts (1673) 304 Asphodelus (englished by some daffadi. 
+2. The genus Narcissus, of which it is the 
common Eng. name in the Catalogue of Gerarde’s 
Garden 1599, where twelve Daffodils or Nar- 
cissuses are distinguished, the Whzte Daffodi/ being 
the common White Narcissus or Poet’s Lily (J. 
poeticus) of Eng. gardens, the ‘White Lily” of 
Scotland; the Yellow Daffodil (N. pseudo-Nar- 
cissus) the plant to which the name is now restricted. 
1548 Turner Names of Herbes (E. D. S.) 10 This that we 
take for daffodil is a kinde of Narcissus. 1578 Lyre Dodoens 
u. 1. 211 These pleasant flowers are called..in Englishe 
Narcissus, white Daffodill, and Primerose pierelesse [In 
Lyte’s own annotated in the Brit. Mus. Libr. he has 
written over the figure of NV. Aoeticus on & 210 ‘White 
imrose pyerles, Laus tibi, and of some Daffodille’]. 
erarvDE /erba/ 1. \xxxiv. 111 The double white Daffodi' 
of Constantinople [V. orientalis] was sent into England 
vnto the right Honorable the Treasurer, among other 
bulbed flowers. 1629 Parkinson Paradisi in Sole iv. (1656) 
8 Many idle and ignorant Gardiners..do call some of these 
Daffodils Narcisses, when as all know that know any Latine, 
that Narcissus is the Latine name, and Daffodil the 
English of one and the same thing. 


3. Now restricted to Narcissus pseudo- Narcissus 
(also called Lent Lily), found wild in various parts 


of England and cultivated as an early spring flower. 

(1562 Turner Herbal n. 62a, Our comen daffadil is one 

kynde of Narcissus) 1g92 Greene Ufst. Courtier (1871) 2 

¢ yellow daffodil, a flower fit for jealous dotterels, 16x 
Suaks. Wint. 7. 1. iii. 1 When Daffadils begin to peere, 
With heigh the Doxy ouer the dale, 1648 Herrick Hesfer., 
To Daffadils, Faire Daffadills, we w' to see You haste 
away So soone, 1 Hervey AMedit, (1818) 129 Who 
emboldens the d il..to trust her flowering gold with 
inclement and treacherous skies? 1855 Tennyson Aland 
ut. 6 When the face of night is fair on the dewy downs, And 
the shining daffodil dies. 

4. Chequered Daffodil: the Fritillary or Snake's 
head, /ritillaria Meleagris. Still known as the 
Daffodil in Nants. (Britten and Holland). 

A ee cing 1. Leasis, The comet Daffodil 
or Jinny hen floure,. ui most strangely. _ 
Ceiel., Frittillaria, Checked Dafodil. 


©1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 81 Who sayes ane sheepe is 
daft, they lie of it. 

b. Of persons: Wanting in intelligence, stupid, 
foolish, 

¢1450 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 443 Bot to make it I am daft, 
For I can no3t of potter craft. 1535 LynpEsay Salyre 2008 
‘Thou art the daftest fuill that ever I saw. 1570 Levins 
Manip. 9/33 Dafte, doltishe, stupidus. 1637-50 Row Hist. 
Kirk (1842) 462 Cast away these daft conceits, and..take 
you seriouslie to your booke and studies. 1674 Ray N.C. 
Words 13 Daft, stupid, blockish, daunted, a verbo Daffe. 
1855 Robinson Hhitby Gloss., Daft, dull of apprehension. 

3. Of unsound mind, crazy, insane, mad. 

1 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. viii, He that was 
trublit with the falling evil, or fallin daft or wod. 1 
Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot., Makand him Curatour to re 
quhilk is daft, and hes na wit to gyde him selff. 1816 
Scotr Old Mort. vii, ‘The woman would drive ony reason- 
able being daft.’ 1829 Arnotp Let. in Stanley Life & Corr. 
(1844) I. v. 254, Lhope you will not think I ou he to..adjourn 
to the next asylum for daft people. 1880 R. G.Wuite £very- 
Day Eng. 122 We have preserved our common sense, and 
have not gone clean daft. - ; 

4. Thoughtless or giddy in one’s mirth ; madly 
gay or frolicsome. a/t days: the days of merri- 
ment at Christmas. 

c1§78 Dial. betw, Clerk & Courtier (Jam.), Quhen ye 
your selfis ar daft and young. 1768 Ross //elenore 117 
(Jam.) Awa, she says, Whaever’s daft to day, it setsna you. 
1787 Burns Twa Dogs 155 In a frolic daft. 21774 Fercus- 
son Poems (1789) II. 10 (title) The Daft Days. ‘B16 Scorr 
Antig. xxi, ‘Ay, ay—they were daft days thae—but they 
were a’ vanity and waur.’” 1832°53 Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) 
Ser. m1. 81 At Yule, when the daft-days are fairly set in, 
A ploy without him wadna be worth a pin. 

+5. =Derr, skilful. Obs. 

Yaxgoo Chester Pi. (Shaks. Soc.) 134 (MS. 1592) For 
semlye he was and wounder dafte [MS. Harl. (1607) 2124 
wondrous defte). 

Hence + Dafteli3k, dafftele33¢ [ON. -/ezkr suffix 
of action or condition], gentleness, meekness. 
Da'ftie (co//og.), a daft person. Da‘ftish a., some- 
what daft. Daftlike a., having an appearance of 
folly or craziness. Da‘ftly adv., +a. rece 
meekly (ods.); b. foolishly. Da‘ftness, foolish- 
ness, madness. 

¢ 1200 Orin 2188 Forr kaggerrle33c shall don patt 3ho 
Shall dafftele33c forrwerrpenn. 1872 C. Gisson For the 

‘ing i, The daftie still maintained his position, 1825 
Jamirson, Da/tish, in some degree deranged. 1855 Rontn- 
son Whitby Gloss., A daftish dizzy sort of a body. 1725 
Ramsay t. Sheph. w. i, "Tis sae daftlike. 1816 Scorr 
Antiq. iv, Never think you .. that his honour .. would hae 
done sic a daft-like thing. c1a00o Ormin 1215 And ha3herr- 
like ledesst te And dafftelike and fa33re. 1724 Ramsay 
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 34 We daftly thought to row in 
rowth. 1§§2 Asp. Hamitton Catech. 151 The word of the 
crosse semis to be daftnes and folie to thame that perischi 


DAG. 


Dan’ bes ‘ of Dary v2 tor 
Dag (deg), s.1 In 4-5 dagge. uncertain 
aria Gs. ames see pertly copecaied By 
‘AG. 
+1. A pendant pointed portion of anything ; one 
of the pointed or laciniated divisions made by 
deeply slashing or cutting the lower margin of a 
cloak, gown, or other garment, as was done for 
ornament in the 15th c. Obs. 


1399 Lanai. Rich. Redeles 193 Dryue out pe es and 
all fe duche cotis. ¢ ip. Parv. 111 e of 
clothe, /ractillus. 1617 Minsueu Ductor, Dagge or ragge 


of cloth, 

+2. A tag or aglet of a lace, shoe-latchet, or the 
like; =AGLET 1, 2. Ods. 

c1400 Rom. Rose 7262 Grey clothis.. fretted fulle of tatar- 
wagges [=d sense 1] And high shoos knopped with 
dagges. 1616 Buttoxar, Dagges, latchets cut out of leather. 

3. One of the locks of wool clotted with dirt 
about the hinder parts of a sheep; a‘clag’; = 
DaGeinc, DaG-LocK, 

{The relationship of this to the prec. senses, and to Dac 
v.1, is not clear.] 

1731 Baitey, Dagges..the Skirts of a Fleece cut off. re | 
Kentish Gloss., Dag, a lock of wool that hangs at the tai 
of a sheep and ene in the dirt. Dag. , refuse wool; 
cut off in trimming the sheep. 

+ Dag, 5.2 Obs. [Derivation unknown. 

Referred by some to F. dague a dagger; but no trace has 
been found of any connexion between the two words.] 

1. A kind of heavy pistol or hand-gun formerly 
In use. 

1561 Diurn. Occurrents (Bannatyne Club) 66 Thay. .schot 
furth at the said servandis ane dag. 1587 Harrison Eng- 
land 11. xvi. (1877) 1. 283 To ride with a case of dags at his 
sadle bow. 1598 Barckiey Felic. Man (1631) 252 use 
the dagge being overcharged brake. .he draweth his dagger 
to stabbe him. 1602 WARNER A /dion's Eng. 1x. xliv. (1612) 
211 By wars, wiles, witchcrafts, daggers, dags. 1642 Laup 
Ws. (1853) IIL. 461, I heard a great crack, as loud as the 
report of a small . 2725 New Cant. Dict., Dag, a Gun. 
1849 Grant Kf ly of G. xxiv. 283 The captain rushed 
upon Lennox and shot him — the back with a dag. 
1881 Greener Gun 61 A chiselled Italian dagg manu- 
factured by one of the Comminazzo family about 1650. 

2. attrib. and Comb. 

a Def. Crissell Sandelandis 53 in Sempill Ballates 
(1872) 234 Snapwark, adew, fra men dow nocht stand. 
1587 Freminc Contn. Holinshed 111. 1409/2 The dag was 
bought. .of one Adrian Mulan a dag-maker dwelling in east 
Smithfield. 1589 R. Harvey PZ. Perc. (1860) 33 A Dag 
case may be as good now and then as a case 1721 
Woprow Hist. Ch. Scot. (1829) Il. 1. ix. 250 Alexander 
Logan, Dagmaker in Leith Wynd. 

[The sense Fira, orl given by Johnson (without quotation), 
and repeated in later dictionaries (in Century Dice. with 
erroneous quotation), ap to be a mere mistake, due to 

isapprehension of the freq 16-17th c. collocation ‘ dag 
and dagger’ in descriptions of personal accoutrement. Sense 

in Century Dict. ‘a stab or thrust with a dagger’, is a 
blander due to misreading of Minsheu.] 

(deg), 56.3 [a. F. dague dagger, also the 
first horn of a young stag, and in some technical 
senses. Sense 2 is not found in French.] 

1. The simple straight pointed horn of a young 
stag. 

x Tovp Cycl. Anat. V. 517/2 These processes acquire 
Pig second year the form of.. - 1861 Hutme tr. 

new horns [of the 
are known by the 


d 
Moquin-Tandon . wi. 181 At first 
stag] are simple protul and 
name of ‘dags’. f 
2. A pointed piece of metal, etc. ; a pin or bolt. 
1 Brapiey Fam, Dict. s.v. Bridge, You must so joint 
the Timber, as .. to resemble an Arch of Stone .. the Joints 
ought to be. may od shut together with Cramps Dags 
ot ea, 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Ag. (1807) II. 598 
The upper pair [of rollers] being stuck with coggs and dags. 
3. dial. (See quote.) 
a. 1863 Barnes Dorset Dialect, Dag, a small projecting 
stump 


branch. 
b. 1880 IV Cornwall Gloss., Dag, a prs - tool ; ving 
pe (deeg), sd.4 dial. [app. orse 0 : 
cf. ON. digg, gen. daggar, pl. ir, dew, Swed. 
dagg (Norw. dogg, Da. dug) = Goth. *dagewa-, 
c Teut. *dauwo-, OLG. dauw, OE. deaw, dew.] 


Ray S. §& &. C, Words 95 Dag, De he 

Great a8 Warawichsh Gloss Da. > wate TeThere's 
na nice 

. a. A thin or tle rain. b, A wet fog, a 


mist. ¢. A heavy shower (Ayrshire). 


R.- in ja x825 Brockett N. C. Words, Dag, 


Dag, v-! [Connected with Dac sd.1 The senses 
= ogee to —_ other.] ) ts 

+1. ¢vans. To cut the edge of (a garment) into 
long pointed jags; to slash, ba dean Obs. 

cee Cuavucer Pars, T. & 344 Cost furring in here 
gownes..so moche da; scheris. /did, » 347 Suche 
Semapeh and Gaggia Gomes 2993 Laxot.P. Pl. xx 


Let di hus clobes. Pe a 
cha ral tab Cryo Chr. crt 
sti i 
Carl. a rae tana ond id & pales = cut. 


2. To clog with dirt, bemire, daggle, bedraggle. 
Obs. exe. dial. (Cf. Dac sb.1 3.) 


Caxton fsop m1. xvii, Al to-fowled and A 
Bea SKELTON BD Rummpia 123 Wyk theyr heles 


dagged, Theyr kyrtelles all to-iagged. 1530 Patscr. 445/2 


DAG. 


Indede, damoysell, you be dagged. .vous estes crottée. 1611 
Corcr. s.v. Archediacre, Crotte en Archediacre, dagd vp 
to the hard heeles (for so were the Archdeacons in old time 
euer woont to be, by reason of their frequent. . Visitations), 
«1661 Hotypay Fuvenal 136 Vexing the baths with his 
dagg’d rout. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dag ..(2) Yo trail or 
dirty in the mire, to bedaub, to daggle. 1879 Miss Jackson 
Shropsh. Word-bk., Dag. .to trail in the wet or dirt. 
b. intr. To daggle or trail in the dirt or wet. 

ig comma? Gloss., Dag v. i. 1880 W. Cornwall Gloss. 
S$. Ve 
is dagging in the mud,’ 

3. Farming. To cut off the ‘dags’ or locks of 
dirty wool from (sheep). (Cf. Dag sd.1 3.) 

1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), To Dag sheep, to cut off the 
Skirts of the Fleece. 1887 Kentish Gloss., Dag, to remove 
the dags or clots of wool, dirt, etc. from between the hind 
legs of sheep. 

+ Dag, v.2 Obs. [Related to F. dague dagger 
(13th c. in Littré): cf. also 16th c. F. daguer to 
strike with a dague or dagger ; but the latter is not 
the source of the Eng. verb. See also DaGGER.] 

trans. To pierce or stab, with or as with a pointed 
weapon. 

2a1400 Morte Arth, 2102 Dartes the Duche-mene daltene 
a3aynes, With derfe dynttez of dede, daggesthurghe scheldez, 
/bid. 3750 Derfe dynttys they dalte with daggande sperys. 
1639 Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. \xiv. § 668 Remorse. . 
pierceth and daggeth guilty persons with the anguish of 
a galled conscience. 1794 A. GALLATIN in J. A. Stevens 
Life iv. (1884) 95 One Ross of Lancaster. .half drew a dag- 
ger he wore .. and swore any man who uttered such senti- 
ments ought to be dagged. F 

+ Dag, v.38 Obs. [f. Dac sb.2] trans, and intr. 
To shoot with a dag or hand-gun. 

a157z Knox Hist. Ref Wks. (1846) I. 87 Thei schote 
spearis and dagged arrowis, whare the cumpanyes war 
thikest. c1s80 J. Hooxrr Life Sir . Carew, They soe 
dagged at these loopes, that sundrye of theyme within were 
slayne. 

Dag (deg), v.4 dal. [app. of Norse origin: 
cf. Dac sb.4 and ON. déggva, Swed. dagga to be- 
dew. See also DEG.] 

1. trans. To sprinkle, to wet with sprinkling. 

185 Ropinson Whitby Gloss., Dag, to sprinkle with water. 
1877 Holderness Gloss., Dag, to sprinkle. ‘Dag cawsey 
afoor thoo sweepsit!’ 1879 Miss JAckson Shropsh. Word- 
bk., Dag, to sprinkle clothes with water preparatory to 
mangling or ironing. 

2. intr. To drizzle. 

1825 Brockett NV. C. Words, Dag, to drizzle. 

Dagar, -ard, -are, obs. forms of DAGGER. 

|| Dagesh, daghesh (da:gef), sb. Heb. Gram. 
[med.Heb. wa daghésh, f. Syriac ayy Cghash to 
prick.) A point or dot placed within a Hebrew 
letter, denoting either that it is doubled (dagesh 

forte), or that it is not aspirated (dagesh lene). 

159t Percivatt Sf. Dict. Bj, B..very often..is sounded 
like the Hebrew 3 when it is in the middest of a word 
without daggesh. 1749 B. Martin Dict. Introd. Eng. 
Tongue g If any of the aspirated letters has the point 
(call’d Dagesh) in them, they are then pronounced without 
the H. 1834 A. Wittis Hebr. Gram. 5 A point is some- 
times inserted in the middle of a consonant affecting the 
pronunciation, and calied Dagesh or Mappik. 

Hence Da‘gesh v. ¢rans., to mark witha dagesh. 
Also Da‘gessate v., Da‘gessate, -ated fa. pple. 

175x Westey /ks. (1872) XIV. 156 In some Verbs .. the 
middle Radical is dageshed. 1871 Botton tr. Deditzsch’s 
Psalms 11. 259 note, The dageshing of the opening mute of 
the following word. 

Darggar. dia’. ‘An old term fora dog-fish’ 
(Smyth, Sazlor’s Word-bk. 1867). 

a Da Kennett cited by HALLIWELL. 

agged, /. a.' Obs. [f. Dac v.1] 

1. Of a garment: Having the margin cut into 
long pointed projections ; jagged, slashed. 

¢ 1386 [see Dac v.11]. ¢ 1430 Lyne. Mix. Poems (Percy 
Soc.) 200 Undir hire daygyd hood of green. 1523 [see Dac 
vt 1). [1884 Pall Mall G, ‘Extra’ 24 July 28/2 The 
costume is all dagged and slashed into the shape of leaves 
and flowers.] ; : 

2. Clogged with dirt, daggled. 

1484, a@ 1529, 1661 [see Dac v.! 2]. ; 

Dagged. ppl. a.4 Obs, exc. dial. [f. Dac v.4] 
Wet with dew, drizzling rain, or a sprinkling of 
anyeae, b. slang. Drunk. 

@x605 Montcomerie Sonn. Ixviii. 11 My Bee’s aloft, and 
daggit full of skill: It getts corn drink, sen Grissall toke 
the : *748 Frankuin Drinker’s Dict. Wks, 1887 I1. 23 
He’s dagg’d. 1847-78 Hatuiwett, Dagged, tipsy. North. 

Dagger (de'go1), sb. Forms: 4- dagger; 
also 4-5 daggere, Sc. dagare, 5 daggare, 5-6 
dager, dagar, daggar, 6 dagard. [Related to 
F, dague (Sp-, It. daga) dagger, and to Dag v.2 

No such form is known in Old French. Med.L. shows 
daggarius, -arium, -erius, -ardum (see Du Cange), app. 
from English, so that the form 7 appears to Ss really 
of English formation (?f. Dac v.2, of which however only 
later instances are known), If the form daggard could be 
assumed as the original, the word might be an augmentative 
in -ard of F. dague ; but, though extracto cultellodaggardo 
occurs in Walsingham, rsth c. (Du Cange), the forms dag- 
garium and dagger are of earlier appearance and better 
singe * 

. A short stout edged and pointed weapon, like 
a small sword, used for thrusting and stabbing. 

[a1375 Fragm. Vetusta xxiv. in Sc. Acts (1844) I. 388 

Habeat equum, hauberkion, capilium de ferro, ensem, et 


, ‘That tree is dagging with fruit.’ ‘ Her dress_ 


7 


cultellum qui dicitur dagave. bid. Habeat archum et 
sagittas, et daggarium et cultellum.] ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro. 
113 He baar..on that oother syde a gay daggere [ime spere]. 
— Pard. 7, 502 And with thy daggere [so 4 MSS., 3 dagger] 
looke thou do the same. 1440 Promp. Parv. 111 Daggare, 
to steke wythe men, pugio. 1463 Paston Lett. No. 466 II. 
126 ‘The same dager he slewe hym with. 1535 Bury W7lls 
(1850) 127 Wt my dagard. x60r Suaxs. ¥x/. C. 1. ii. 157, 
I feare I wrong the Honourable men, Whose Daggers haue 
stabb’d Cesar. 1605 — Macd, 1. iii. 33 Is this a Dagger 
which I see before me? 1719 Younc Busiris wv. i, Loose 
thy hold, Or I will plant my dagger in thy breast. 1866 
Kinostey Hereward iii. 88 ‘You have a dagger in your 
hand!’ saidhe. —- 

tb. Ale dagger, alehouse dagger: see AL, B. II. 
Dagger of lath: the weapon worn by the ‘ Vice’ 
in the old ‘Moralities’. Ods. 

1592 Nase P. Penilesse (Shaks. Soc.) 40 All you that will 
not..weare ale-house daggers at your backes._ 1596 SHAKS. 
1 Hen, IV, 1. iv. 151 A Kings Sonne? If I do not beate 
thee out of thy Kingdome with a dagger of Lath. . Ile neuer 
weare haire on my face more. 1601 — 7wel. N.1V. ii. 136 
Like to the old vice .. Who with dagger of lath, in his rage 
and his wrath, Cries ah ha, to the diuell. 

2. Phr. Daggers’ drawing (fig.): the commence- 
ment of open hostilities. A¢ (or to) daggers’ 
drawing, now at daggers drawn: on (or to) the 
point of fighting or quarrelling; in a state of open 
hostility. Also (rarely) at daggers’ points. 

At daggers drawn is found in 1668, but becomes usual only 
in roth c. 

1553 GRIMALDE Cicero’s Offices 12 a, They .. among them- 
selues are wont to bee at daggers drawing. 1576 FLEMING 
Panopl. Epist. 267 Vhat countrie was at defiaunce and 
daggers drawing with the lande of Grecia. 1652 J. Waps- 
wortH tr. Sandoval’s Civ. Wars Sp. 19 ‘The Grandees of 
the Court were com almost to daggers drawing. 1668 R. 
L’Estrance Vis. Quez. (1708) 214 Upon this Point, were 
they at Daggers-drawn with the Emperor. @1735 Swirr 
Drapier’s Lett. vii, A quarrel in a tavern, where all were at 
daggers-drawing. 1801 Mar. EpGrwortu Castle Rackrent, 
Three ladies. .talked of for his second wife, all at daggers 
drawn with each other. 1837 Lapy L. Stuartrin Lady 4/11. 
Montagn’s Lett, (1893) 1. 104 Both these ladies inherited such 
..imperial spirit, as to. insure daggers drawing as soon as it 
should find. opportunity to display itself. 1847 Mrs, SHER- 
woop Lady of Manor III. xviii. 36 You will be at daggers- 
drawing .. with every order ..of persons in the town. 1855, 
Dickens Dorrit (Househ, ed.) 395/1 Five minutes hence we 
may be at daggers’ points. 1870 R. B. BroucH Marston 
Lynch xxiv. 257 Was Marston still at daggers drawn with 
his rich uncle? : " 

3. fig. Something that wounds orafflicts grievously. 

1596 SHaxs, Merch, V. ut. i. 115 Thou stick’st a dagger 
in me, I shall neuer see my gold againe. 1605 —- Macé. 1. 
iii. 45 Where we are there’s Daggers in mens Smiles. 1704 
STEELE Lying Lover u, This was to me Daggers. 1800 
Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fan, WI. 240 Every word he 
spoke was a dagger to her heart. 

b. Zo speak or look daggers: to speak so as to 
wound, to speak or look fiercely, savagely, or 
angrily. 

1602 SHAKs. Ham. 1. ii. 414, I will speake Daggers to 
her, but vse none. 1622 Mass. & Dekker Virg. Mart... i, 
And do thine eyes shoot daggers at that man That brings 
thee health? 1833 Marryar P. Simple lii, Lord Privilege 
. looked daggers at me. 1839 H. Ainswortu Yack Shep. 
iv, A glance..which was meant to speak daggers. 

+4. fig. (contempt.) A bravo, braggadocio. Obs. 

1597 1st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 1. i. 289 Soothe upp this 
--ingrosser of cringers..this great hilted dagger! /d7d. iv. 
i. 1236 This bracchidochio .. this meere rapier and dagger. 

+5. A bayonet. (See BAYONET I, 2.) Obs. 

1688 Capt. J. S. Art of War 27 Draw your Daggers. 
Fix them in your Musquet. 

6. a. The upright piece of wood nailed to the 
bars in the middle of a rail or gate. b. Naw. 
(See quot.) 

1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 15 A dagger, which goeth 
straight downe the middle of the spelles, and is nayled to 
each spell. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 113 Dagger, a 
piece of timber that faces on to the poppets of the bilge-ways, 
and crosses them diagonally, to keep them together. The 
plank that secures the heads of the poppets is called the 
dagger-plank. The word ‘dagger’ seems to apply to any- 
thing that stands diagonally or aslant. 

+ 7. The horn ofa young stag; =Dac sb.3 1. Obs. 

1616 Surrt. & Markn. Country Farme 684 The second 
yeare they haue their first hornes, which are called daggers. 

8. Printing. A mark resembling a dagger (‘), 
used for marginal references, etc.: also called 
obelisk. Double dagger: a mark having each end 
like the hilt of a dagger (t+), similarly used. 

cGy Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dagger..a..Markin Printing 
.-(t). 1790 Hist. Printing 25) e Obelisk, or long Cross, 
erroneously called the single Dugper. -The Double Dagger. 
1862 AnstED Channel Is/. 11. viii. (ed. 2) 166 Those that are 
certainly not indigenous being indicated by a little dagger 
(t) placed before the name. 

9. A collector’s name of moths of the genus 
Acronycta having a black dagger-like or y-like 
mark near the anal angle of the fore wings. 

1832 J. RENNIE Consfpectus Butterf. & Moths 79 The Dark 
Dagger appears in June. 1862 E. Newman Brit. Moths 
249 I do not know why this insect [Acronycta tridens] is 
called the ‘ Dark Dagger’: it is no darker than the ‘ Gray 
Dagger’ [A. Psz]. 

10. 7. Applied locally to various plants with 
long sword-like leaves, as Sword-grass (Poa agua- 
tica), Water-flag (/ris Pseudacorus), etc. 

184) HALuiwet., Daggers, sword-grass. Somerset. 
1882 Devonsh. Plant-n. (ED. $0, Daggers, Iris Pseuda- 


DAGGLE. 


corus, and I. fetidissima. The name evidently has refer- 
ence to the sword-like flags or leaves. 

+11. The name of a celebrated tavern in Hol- 
born ¢1600 (Nares); hence a#frz). as in dagger- 
ale, -frumety, -pie. Obs. 

1576 GascoicnE Diet Droonkardes(N.), But we must have 
March beere, dooble dooble beere, dagger-ale, Rhenish. 
1602 DEKKER Satiromastix in Hawkins Orig. Eng. Drama 
III. 115 (N.) Good den, good coosen .. When shall we eat 
another Dagger-pie. 1610 B. Jonson Adch. 1.1, My lawyer's 
clerk, I lighted on last night, In Holborn, at the Dagger. 
Jbid.v. ii, Her grace would have you eat no more Woolsack 
pies, Nor Dagger frumety. : 

12. Comb., as dagger-blade, -hilt, -stab, -work; 
dagger-like, -proof adjs.; +dagger-ale (see 11); 
+dagger-cheap a., very cheap, ‘dirt-cheap’; 
+ dagger-frumety (see 11); dagger-grass, ? = 
sword-grass (see 10); dagger-knee ((Vaut.), see 
quot.; + dagger-man, aman who carries a dagger, 
a bravo; + dagger-money, ‘a sum of money for- 
merly paid to the justices of assize on the northern 
circuit to provide arms against marauders’ (Ogilvie); 
+ dagger-pie (see 11); dagger-piece (Vaut.) = 
sense 6b; dagger-plank (/Vaut.), see quot. under 
6b; dagger-plant, a plant of the genus Yecca, 
also called Adam’s needle, having sharp-edged and 
pointed leaves; dagger-wood (/Vazt.) = sense 6b. 

1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 7 § 3 *Dagger-blades, Handles, Scab- 
bards. 1592 Br. ANDREWES Sev. Christ's Tempt. vi. (1843) 
V. 546 We set our wares at a very easy price, he [the devil] 
may buy us even *dagger-cheap, as we say. 1834 Mepwin 
Angler in Wales 1. 262 These tracks were sometimes lost in 
high “dagger-grass. 1676 Grew Anat. Plants Lect. 1. ii. 
§ 18 Crystals. .figur'’d crossways like a *Dagger-Hilt. ¢ 1850 
Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 114 Any straight hanging knees, 
not perpendicular to the side of the beam, are in general 
termed ‘dagger-knees. 1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. 1. iii. 16 
Mr Starue-Lackey the Rapier and “dagger man. 187 
SmytH Satlor's Word-bh., *Dagger-piece, or Dagger-wood, 
a timber or plank that faces on to the poppets of the bilge- 
ways, and crosses them diagonally, to keep them together. 
1866 77veas. Bot., “Dagger plant, a name for }cca. 1885 
Lavy Brassey 7he 7rades 220 The road was bordered by 
hedges of cactus and dagger-plants. 1892 Barinc-GouLp 
Roar of Sea Il. xxix. 141 Miss ‘Travisa. .cast a glance at her 
niece likea *dagger-stab. 1890 Micuaet Fieip /'ragic Mary 
1.1.7, I never saw such *dagger-work..As that which pierced 
him, Six and fifty wounds ! 

Da‘gger, v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To stab with a dagger. 

1658 R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 36 When Democra- 
sians dagger the crown. 1806 Naval Chron. XV. 453 
Rackstraw was daggered, and died immediately. 18.. 
A. SuTHERLAND Zales of Pilgrim, Brigand of Loire, He 
was in no danger of being daggered. 

2. Printing. To mark with a dagger (+). 

1875 Furnivatt in Thynne’s Animadv. Introd. 37 xo0fe, 
The dishes chang’d in the list are daggerd. 

Hence Da‘ggering v//.5d., stabbing with a dagger; 
Ppl. a., stabbing, fatal. 

1694 Westmacott Script. Herb. (1695) 214 Every Month 
produces sad and fatal Instances of its [Brandy’s] daggering 
force. 1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVII. 55 The screaming and 
daggering and death-rattling. 

Daggered (de-gaid), a. 

1. Armed with a dagger. 

¢1400 Maunpev. (1839) xii. 137 Now swerded, now dag- 
gered, and in alle manere gyses. 1794 CoLerinpGr Relig. 
Musings, The dagger’d Envy. ¢ 1830 Brppors Poems, 
Boding Dreams, A daggered hand beside the bed. 

2. Stabbed or wounded with a dagger. 

1604 DekKER Hon. Whore Wks. II. 38 How many Gallants 
have drunke healths to me, Out of their dagger’d armes. 

3. Printing. Marked with a dagger. 

Daggeswayne, var. DAGSWAIN Ods. 

Dagging (de'gin), v4/. sb. Nowdial. [f. Dag 
v.t+-1Inel.] The action of the verb Dac; clog- 
ging with dirt, esf. of the wool about the hinder 
parts of a sheep; in p/. (concr.) = DaG-LocKs. 

1547 Sacespury MWelsh Dict., Dibyl, daggyng. 1587 
Masca.t Govt. Cattle (1627) 197 Keeping them from cold 
in Winter, dagging in Summer. 1890 F. T. E-wortny (7% 
letter), In Kent these clots of dung which are apt to. .stick 
to the wool around the tails of sheep, with the wool attached, 
are called ‘ daggings’. 

Daggle (de'g’l), v. Also 6 daggyll, C7 dagle. 
[Frequentative of Dac v.1 sense 2: associated in 
its sense-development with DaBBLE and DRaGGLE 
and perhaps with Dae v.4] . 

1. “rans. To clog with wet mud; to wet and soila 
garment, etc., by trailingit through mud or wet grass. 

1530 PasGr. 594/r You shall daggyll your clothes, vous 
crotterez Voz illemens. 1860 RoLtanp Crt. Venus nu. 
566 Daglit in weit richt claggit was his weid. 161x Corar., 
Crotter..to dagle, bedurtie. 1660'T. Goucr Chr. Directions 
xv. (1831) 85 As along coat is in greater danger sete eget 
than a short one. 1825 Brockett NV. C. Words, Dagele .. 
to bemire. . , 

b. In later use, chiefly said of the effect of wet : 
To wet by splashing or sprinkling. See Dac v.4 

1805 Scott Last Minst.1. xxix, The warrior’s very plume 
-.Was daggled by the dashing spray. 1862 Miss YoncE 
Countess Kate viii. (1880) 8x ‘The pretty soft feather had 
been daggied in the wet. ; 

2. To drag or trail about (through the mire). 

168r Otway Soldier's Fort, v. i, After you have been 
daggling yourself abroad for prey. . you come sneaking hither 
for a crust, do Pee 1822 Scort Nigel viii, I have been 
daggled to and fro the whole day. 


[f. DAGGER + -ED.] 


DAGGLE. 


3. intr. Towalk ina slovenly way (through mud 
or mire); to drag or trail about. Cf. DRAGGLE. 

1705 Vansrucu Con/ed. 1. ii, Then, like a dutiful son, you 
may le about with your mother, and sell paint. 1735 
Pore Prol. Sat. 225, 1 ne’er..like a puppy daggled throug! 
the town To fetch and carry sing-song up and down, 1869 
Lonsdale Gloss., Daggle v.i., to trail in the dirt. 1876 
Whitby Gloss. s.v. ling, ‘Trailing and daggling’, 
said of a person walking in a shower. 

+ Darggle, s. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] A clot 
or spot of wet mud, as on a daggled garment. 

sot Percivatt Sf. Dict., Carpas, daggles of durt, spots 
of durt. 

gled (deg’ld), pp/. a. [f. DaccrE v. + 
-ED !.] Having theskirts clogged or splashed with 
dirt or wet; bespattered, bemired. 

1607 Barley-Breake (1877) 21 What .. dagled mayd with 
Len He ~~ RY Costume (Percy Soc.) 140 Fringe with 
gold your daggl’d tails. 1 Swirt Poems, City Shower, 
‘To shops in crowds the dace females fly. 1742 Mrs. 
Detany Life & Corr. (1861) II. 193 Caught in a smart 
shower of rain, [we] came home in a fine daggled condition. 

b. Comb. + Daggled-tail a. = DAGGLE-TAILED. 

1708 Swirt Agst. Abol. Christianity, Shocked at the sight 
of so many daggled-tail parsons. i 

Daggle-tail (dze'g’ltz!l), sb. Ods. exc. dial. 
A person (esp. a woman) whose garments are be- 
mired by being trailed over wet ground ; an untidy 
woman, slut, slattern. Now DRaGGLE-TAIL. 

1577-87 HoLinsuep Chron. III. 1098/2 Vpon their ioinin 
with the queens soldiors, the one part could not be diiceract 
from the other, but onelie by the mire and durt ..which 
stacke vpon their garments .. wherefore the crie on the 
queenes part..was; Downe with the daggle tailes. 1674-91 
Ray S. & E. C. Words 95, Daggle-tail..a Woman that hath 
dabbled her Coats with Dew, Wet or Dirt. 1881 Leicestersh. 
Gloss., Daggle-tail, a slut. .‘ Doll Daggle-teel ’. 

Daggle-tailed (de'g’l,tzld), a. Obs. exc. dial. 
Having the skirts splashed by being trailed over 
wet ground; untidy, slatternly. 
woman.) Now DRAGGLE-TAILED. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 125 A nobeler witt 
Then that daggiltayld skitt. 1824 Scott St. Ronan’s xxxiii, 
To make love to. .some daggletailed soubrette. 

Daggling (deglin), vi/.sd. [-1nc1.] a. The 
action of the verb DaGGLE, q.v. +b. concr. = 
Dacarine (obs.). 

1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Crottes, daglings. 
1650 Futter Pisgah iw. vi. 100 To prevent the dangling 
down, and dagling of so long garments. 

Da-ggling, ///. a. [1Nc*.] That daggles: 
see the verb. 

1562 Parr Aneid. vi. Ziij b, A she wolfe downe was 
layed, and next her dugs two goodly twins, Two daggling 
sucking boies. 161x CotGr., Cvottes, durt, filth, mire ; 
dagling stuffe, etc. 17053 VaNsruGH Confed. 1. ii, Who is 
this good woman, A espe .An old daggling cheat, who 
hobbles about..to bubble the ladies of their money. 

Darggly, a. dial, [f. Daccir+-y.] 

1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Daggly, wet, showery. 1 A 
Cheshire Gloss., Daggly, wet, dewy. ‘It was daggly 1 th’ 
mornin’,’ 

Daggysweyne, var. Dacswain, Obs. 

Dagh(e, obs. form of DoucH. 

Daghesh, Daghyng: see DacEsH, DAWING. 

Dag-lock. [f. Dac sd.13+Lock.] /. Locks 
of wool clotted with dirt about the hinder parts of 
a sheep. 

1623 Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (3860) 
p. xly, To 12 women..2 daies washing dag-loakes. 1724 
Lond. Gaz. No, 6264/2 Frauds. .are..committed..by wind- 
ing in Fleeces, Locks, Tail-Locks, Sheer-Locks, Dagg- 
Locks. 1 W. Pitt in Commun. Board Agric. U1. 464 
A very ell proportion of breechings or daglocks. 1805 
Luccock Nat. Wool 223 The bundles contained. .a quantity 
of dag-locks, of wool from dead sheep. 1881 Leicestersh. 
Gloss., Dag-locks, the long locks of wool about a sheep 
which dag in the dirt when the animal lies down, etc. 

Dagman: see Dac sb.* 2. 

Dago (déi-go). U.S. [Supposed to be a cor- 
ruption of Dzego a Spanish equivalent of James: 
applied as a generic proper name to Spaniards.] 
A name originally given in the south-western sec- 
tion of the United States to a man of Spanish 

arentage; now extended to include Spaniards, 

ortuguese, and Italians in general. 

1888 American 18 July (Farmer), The shrimps .. are 
caught by Dagos. ps . ¥. Nation (25 Sept.) LI. 237/1 
Mr. Reed makes no effort to conceal his contempt for ahis 
proposition to trade with a lot of ‘ Dagoes’, as he calls them. 

ll oba (da‘goba). [ad. Singhalese dagaba :— 
Pali dhatugabbho :—Skr. dhatu-garbha relic-recep- 
tacle (Yule). Also adopted as dhagope, daghofe, 
dhagob, dagop, from the form of the name in the 
Mogadhi dialect of south Behar.] 

In Buddhist countries, a ¢ofe or dome-shaped 
monumental structure containing relics of Buddha 
or of some Buddhist saint. 

1806 Saur Caves of Salsette in Trans. Lit. Soc. Bombay 


(1819) I. 47 (Y.) In this irregular excavation are left two 
agopes, or solid of stone bearing the form of 
acupola. 1855 YuLe Mission to Ava (1858) 35 (Y.) The 


bluff knob-like dome of the Ceylon dagobas. bi Pall 
Mail G. 28 Sept. 6/1 Mdme. Blavatsky’s dagoba is to be 
built of pink sandstone from Rajpootanah. 

+ Da‘gon 1, Obs. Also dagoun, [? related to 
Daa sd,1]_ A piece (of cloth), - 


8 


¢ 1386 Cuaucer Somfpn. Tale 43 Or gif us..A dagoun of 
tSS leeve dame. 1486 Sk. St. Albans Bv a, Take 
a dagon or pece of Rough blanket vnshorn. 

|| Dagon2 (dz+gyn).  [a. L. Dagon 
Aayiv, a. Heb. 4137 dagon ‘little fish, dear little 
fish’, f. 19 dag fish.] an 

The national deity of the ancient Philistines; 
represented with the head, chest, and arms of a 
man, and the tail of a fish. b. ¢vansf. An idol, 
or object of idolatrous devotion. : 

1382 Wycur ¥udg. xvi. 23 The princis of Philistiens 
camen to gidre in oon, for to offre oostis of greet worship 
to Dagon, her god. oae [see Dap v. 1]. 1667 Mitton 
P.L.1. 462 Dagon his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man 
And downward Fish. 1677 Gitex Demonol. (1867) 440 
‘Though the Roman synagogue join force to subtlety in the 
advancement of their dagon. 1868 Stantey Script. Portr. 
89 The head was deposited {probably at Ashdod) in the 
temple of Dagon. 

¢. A term of reproach to a man. 

1800-20 Dunsar Flyting 66 3e, dagone, dowbart. (Cf. 
Docone in Tua Mariit Wemen 457.) 

Hence Da‘gonals si. p/. nonce-wd. (after baccha- 
nal), rites or orgies in honour of Dagon. 

1614 T. Avams Devil's Banquet 5 A Banket worse then 


w, a Gre | 


| dapet, (dayet), 


| the meaning ‘God’s hate’, in primitive Merovingian 


om childrens ; or the Dagonals, of the Philistins ; (like the 


acchanals of the Moenades). 

+ Da‘gswain. Ols. Forms: 5 dagswaynne, 
daggysweyne, 6 daggeswayne, -swanne, dag- 
swayne, -swain. [Etymology obscure: the first 
part has been associated with Dac sé.! (cf. descrip- 
tion in quot. 1519): cf. also Dacon!.] A coarse 
coverlet of rough shaggy material. 

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3610 Dubbyde with dagswaynnes 
dowblede they seme. ¢1440 Prom. Parv.112 Daggysweyne, 
lodix. 1519 Horman Vulg. 167b, My bedde is couered 
with a daggeswayne: and a quylte .. Some dagswaynys 
haue longe thrummys and iaggz on bothe sydes: some but 


(Usually of a | omone. 154 Boorve /xtrod. Knowl. v. (1870) 139 Symple 


| roudges we be content. 


serue us full well; Wyth dagswaynes and 
1577 Harrison England u. xii. 
(1877) 1. 240 Our fathers .. and we .. haue lien full oft vpon 
straw pallets ..vnder couerlets made of dagswain .. or hop- 
harlots (I vse their owne termes). 

Da‘g-tailed, a. [f. Dae sd.1] 
wool about the tail clotted with dirt. 
56.1 3, DAG-LOCK.) 

1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat. y. i. 116 To see the dunged foldes of 
dag-tayled sheepe. 

Dague, var. of Dac sd.3 

Daguerreotype (dage'rotaip), s+. Also da- 
guerrotype. [a. F. daguerréotype, f. Daguerre 
name of the inventor + TYPE.] 

1. One of the earliest photographic processes, first 
published by Daguerre of Paris in 1839, in which 
the impression was taken upon a silver plate sen- 
sitized by iodine, and then developed by exposure 
to the vapour of mercury. +b. The apparatus 


rayment dot 


Having the 
(Cf. Dac 


| pat 


used for this process (o/s.). ©. A portrait produced | 


by this process. 

1839 A thenxum 26 Jan. 69 The newly invented machine, 
which is to be called the Daguerotype. 1839 E. Fitzceratp 
Lett. 1, 53 Perhaps you are not civilized enough to know 
what Daguerreotype is. 1849 THACKERAY Left. 14 Sept., Iam 
going. .to give you a daguerreotype of myself. 1875 Vogel's 


Chem. Light ii. 14 The little pictures that were called | 


daguerreotypes from their inventor. 

+2. fig. An exact representation or description. 
Obs. (since the daguerreotype itself has yielded to 
improved photographic processes). 


DAIDLE. 


Lect., Times Wks, (Bohn) 11, 251 Whilst the Daguerreo- 
typist, with camera-obscura and silver plate, begins now to 
traverse the land. 1853 Cham. Frnt. XX. 7p There is 
something new in y- 

|| Daha » “biah (dahabrya). Also 
-beeah, -bieh, -beiah. [Arab. in,25 dahabiyah 
lit. ‘ the golden’, f. .#3 dahab gold: name of the 
gilded state barge of the Moslem rulers of Egypt.] 
A large sailing-boat, used by travellers on the Nile. 
Ph 4 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile Pref. 12 The Dahabeeyah 

by the European traveller, reproduces in all essential 
features the painted galleys rep d in the tombs of the 
kings. 1890 Sayce in Trans. Lanc. & Cheshire Antig. Soc. 
VII. 4 Coming down the Nile ina dahabiah, 

+ Dahet, dathet. O/s. Forms: 3-4 dahet, 
dapeit, dathait, dapeheit, 
daipat, dait, dai. [a. OF. dahet, dehet, usually 
dehé, dahé, daé, deé, also dehait, dahait; in pl. de- 
hez, dahez, daez, dehaiz, ‘ misfortune, mischief, evil, 
curse’, used only in imprecations. 

As to the OF. word, see M. Gaston Paris in Romania 
(1889) 469. He shows it to be distinct from OF. deshait 
evil disposition or condition, sorrow, woe, etc., and su; — 
renc! 
*deu hat. In English, the primary dahet is very rare; the 
usual dapeit, datheit, dathet are difficult to account for, 
unless they represent the OF. phrase da(h)et ait, daat ait, 
or in pl. dahez, daez, daaz ait, just as in OF. itself M. Paris 
explains dehait, dahait, from the running together of dehé 
ait. Appeals, the phrase being thus taken for the simple 
word, the verb had to be added anew, as in OF. dehait ait! 
ME. dapeit haue! 1n Robert of Brunne written daJet with 
dotted Z, printed by Hearne as dotted 7.) 

[=OF. dehet ait, dehait ait.) a. Inthe construc- 
tion dahet have, dathet have :=May (he, etc.) have 
misfortune! a mischief, curse, damnation be to... 

a 1250 Owl & Night. 99 Dahet habbe that ilke best, That 
fuleth his owe nest. c12ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. Beket 1884 
Dabeheit habbe pat so atstonde so folliche. ¢1320 Senyn 
Sag. (W.) 2395 Datheit haue thou .. Al to loude thou spak 
thi Latin! ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 143 Dayet haf 
his lip, & his nose perby. . 

b. without Aave [so OF. dehatt, dahait]: A curse 
upon! 
é x S. Eng. Leg. 1. Beket 2036 Dabeit alle pat it seide ! 


cx Sat. People Kildare xiv. in E. E. P. (1862) 155 
Dabeit jur curteisie, 3e stinkep al pe strete. c1330 R. 
Brunne Chron. (1810) 95 A Breton (dayet his nose) for 
Roberd pider sent. P 

c. followed by relative clause [so OF. daha ait 
gut, dahait gut). 

1300 Beket (Percy Soc.) 2072 Daithat hit so sede. cx 
Havelok Dapeit hwo it hire yeue. c1300 Seyn Fulian 
202 Dait pat him wolde bymene. /éid. 134 Dai pat wolde 
.. him biseche. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 167 Dayet 
rof rouht, his was alle pe gilt. 

? The following is prob. a mere coincidence: cf. dash it! 

1875 Lanc. Gloss., Dathit (Furness), inter. a mild curse 
on making a mishap. 

Dahlia (dé'lia, properly da-lia). [Named 1791 
in honour of Dah/, a Swedish botanist.] 

1. A genus of Composite plants, natives of Mexico, 
introduced into Europe in 1789, and commonly 


cultivated in ens. 

In the wild plant the flowers are ‘single’ with a dull 
scarlet ray and yellow disk ; inthe culti forms the varie- 
ties of colour are very numerous, the ‘double’ varieties 
are distinguished by the remarkable regularity of their 
a in which florets of the ray completely cover the 

ISK. 

1804 Curtis's Bot. Mag. XIX. 762 Of the genus Dahlia 
— are three species described by Cavanilles. 1840 Hoop 


18s0 Wuirrte “ss. & Rev. Il. 351 The querade at 
Ranelagh, and the scene at Vauxhall .. are daguerreotypes 
of manners. 1866 Dootitt ie (/it/e), Social Life of the 
Chinese: a Daguerreotype of Daily Life in China. 

3. attrib. 

1841 CartyLe J7/isc. (1872) VI. 212 Contemporary Daguer- 
reotype delineator. 1845 A ‘henaumi 22 Feb. fog Beebe 
type plates. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 234 From which 
it must be copied, with daguerreotype exactitude, into every 
disciple’s mind. 

‘rreo ,v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. ¢vans. To photograph by the daguerreotype 
process. 

1849 C. Bronte Shirley vii. 80 A head, that daguerreo- 
t in that attitude..would have been lovely. 1 
red F. Cuampers Astron, vu. vii. 707 The sensitive silvet 
compounds used in Daguerreotyping. 

+2. fig. To represent or describe with minute 
exactitude. Ods. 


1839 E. Frrzcreracp Let?. (1889) I. 53 All Daguerreotyped 
into the mind’s eye. 1861 J. G. Suerrarp Fadl Rome xiii. 
706 That ing power which he possesses beyond 


any other writer of the time. 

So Dague'rreotyper, = daguerreotypist. Da- 
guerreoty'pic (-tipik), -ty:pical aajs., relating 
to the d process. Dague‘rreotypism 
(nonce-wwd.), minute exactness as of a daguerreotype. 
Dague'rreotypy (-taipi), the daguerreotype pro- 
cess, the art of taking daguerreotypes. Dague'r- 
reotypist (-taipist), a photographer who uses this. 


1864 WessteER, Da, ot , a THAckERAy Crit. 
Reo Whe. 7886 XXIII. 106 Mr. Maclise has a daguerréo- 


typic eye. 1854 5 Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. mM. OT 
e language of Daguerreotypic art. 1840 Fraser's Mag. 
XXI._ 729 Painted with a daguerréotypical minuteness. 


1846 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1. u. 1. vii. § 30 He 
nothing but coloured Daguerreotypeism, 1841 


Evrenson 


867-77 | 


ee, Her H oon ix, A double dahlia delights 
the eye. 1863 Loncr. Wayside Inn, Student's Tale 182 
Among the dahlias in the garden walk. 

b. Blue dahlia: fig. something impossible or 


unattainable (no blue variety of the dahlia having 
been produced by cultivation). 

1880 Daily News 17 Dec. 5/4 Whether the colonisation of 
Gilead be a blue dahlia or not. 

2. Name for a cular shade of red. 

1846 Art Union Frnil. 1 26 Their Mazarine blue, their 
puce, their dahlia, their Turkey red, or their azure. 1892 


Pall Mall G. 29 Sept. 1/3 One of the many ugly shades 
that are to be worn this season is dahlia. 

Dahlin (dalin). Chem. [f. Dantia+-1n.] A 
name for INULIN from the tu of the dahlia. 

1826 Henry Elem, Chem. U1. 326 Dathine. This substance 
was extracted by Layen from the bulbs of the Dalhia. 1882 
Syd. Soc. Lex, ia. .The roots of the several species are 
eaten when cooked, and supply Dahlin. 

Dai, Daiblet: see Day, DABLer. 

Daidle (dé-d’l), sé. Sc. A pinafore. 
Dai-dlie, -ey (diminutive). 

17.. ¥acobite Relics (1819) 1. 7 Jenny [shall have] the 
pe God For—petticoat, dishclout, and daidle. 
Morr Mansie Wauch v. (1849) 23, I was a wee chap wi 


a daidley. 

Daidle (dz-d’l), v. Sc. and north. dial. [app. 
Sc. form of DAppLE v.] é#fr. To move or act 
slowly or in a slovenly manner; to saunter, loiter. 
Chiefly in pres. pple. = loafing, idling, lazy, slovenly. 
(Cf. DawDLe.) 


Hence 


1808 in Jamieson. 1816 Scort Old Mort. xvii, He's but 
a daidling coward body. Sc. Proverb, A primsie damsel 
makes a daidlin’ dame. ; 

Daie, obs. form of Day. 

Daigh, Sc. form of Dovex. 


DAIKER, 


Daign, obs. form of DETGN, 

Daiker (de‘kor), v. Sc. [?a. F. aécorer to 
decorate, adorn.] ¢vans. To set in order. 

1820 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 652 (Jam. s.v. Datker) Say 
Madge Mackittrick’s skill has failed her in daikering out 
adead dame’s flesh. 1880 Mrs. L. B, Watrorp 770u6/. Dau. 
I. ii. 3x Your room will be daikert by the time it’s wanted. 

Daiker: see DackER. 

Dail(e, obs. form of DALE, DEAL. 


‘Dai‘liness, vare. [f. Daty a.+-NEss.] The 
quality of being daily ; daily occurrence, etc. 
“1607 Hirron Wks. I. 135 There are very few duties of 
religion, but the scripture speaks of the dailines of them. 
a@x1670 Hacker Chr. Consolations ii. (1840) 19 The dailiness 
of sin must be bewailed with the dailiness of sorrow. 

Daill, obs. Sc. form of Dar. 

Daily (dé‘li), z. (sb.) Forms: 5-8 dayly, 6 
daylie, dailie, (Sc. dalie), 6- daily. [OE. deglic 
(in the compounds twddeglic, préodeglic, happening 
once in two or three days) =OHG. tagalth, dagalih, 
ON. dagligr, an ancient derivative of WGer. dag, 
OE. dz day: see-ty¥!, The ordinary OE. word 
was deghwamiic, in 12th c. dethwantich.] 

1. Of or belonging to each day; occurring or 
done every day; issued or published every day 
(or every week-day). 

cx470 Henry Wadlace x1. 1291 For dayly mess, and 
heryng off confessioun. 1526 TINDALE Matz. vi. 11 Geve 
vs this daye oure ere & breade. 1553 Epen Treat. Newe 
Ind. (Arb.)7 Proued..by dayly experience. 1611 Biste x. 
v. 13 Fulfill your workes, your dayly taskes. 1711 HEARNE 
Collect. (Oxt. Hist. Soc.) III. 153 A Daily paper comes out 
call’d The Spectator. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. Const. iv. 
62 The daily labour to gain their daily bread. 

b. with agent-nouns, as in dazly waiter, one who 
waits daily (a title of certain officers of the Royal 
household). 

1568 E. Titney Disc. Mariage Cj, A daylie gamester, 
acommon blasphemer. 1642 Brass in Weybridge Church 
‘N. & Q. x Oct. 1892), Here lieth the body of Humphry 

thick Esq. who was one of his Matis Gent. Vshers 
(dayly Waiter). 1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5300/4 Sir William 
Oldes, to be his Majesty’s first Gentleman Usher, Daily 
Waiter and Black Rod. Mod. A daily visitor to the well. 

+2. Of the present day; belonging to the present 
time. Ods. rare. 

1663 GERBIER Conmsel 8 Why modern and daily Buildings 
are so exceedingly Defective. 

B. sd. (ellipt.) A daily newspaper. 

1858 Times 29 Nov. 6/3 Clever weeklies and less clever 
dailies. 1881 Academy 26 Mar. 234 The foreign corre- 
spondent of one of the great dailies, 

Daily (dé'li), adv. Forms: 5-7 dayly, (6 Sc. 

_ dalie, -y), 6 dailie, 6-7 daylie, 7-daily. [f. Day 
+-LY¥2, The OE. word was daghwamlice.] Every 
day, day by day. Often in a looser sense: Con- 
stantly, always, habitually. 

c1440 Vork Myst. xxvi. 9 My desire muste dayly be done. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. deW.1531) 1b, Wherin. .dayly & hourly 
I myght loke, as in a myrour. 1635 A. Starrorp Fem. 
Glory (1869) 79 With bended knees I dayly beseech God. 
171z Appison Sfect. No. 265 ? 6, I am informed that this 

‘ashion spreads daily. 1747 Westey Prin. Physic (1762) 
97 Drink daily halfa Pint. 1848 Macautay Hist, Eng. II. 
75 He continued to offer his advice daily, and had the mor- 
tification to find it daily rejected. 1885 R. BucHanan 
Annan Water v, The public waggonette ran daily between 
Dumfries and Annanmouth. 

Dai‘men, a. Sc. Also 9 demmin. [Origin 
unknown. In Ayrshire pronounced as demmin. 

(Perh. a pple.: cf. Whitby daumm’d out, dealt out sparingly.)] 

‘Rare, occasional’ (Jam.). 

1785 Burns To a Mouse, A daimen-icker in a thrave 'S 
asma’ request. 1821 Edin. Mag. Apr. 352 (Jam.) At 
a demmin time I see the Scotchman. [Still in use in Ayr- 
shire, as in ‘a daimen ane here and there’.] 

Daiment, var. DaymMent, Obs. 

|| Daimio (dai‘m,yo). [Japanese, f. Chinese daz 
great+mzo, myo name.] The title of the chief 
territorial nobles of Japan, vassals of the mikado ; 
now abolished. 

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 94/1 The nobility or hereditary 
governors of the provinces and districts are called Daimio, 
or srgene ted, and Szomio, or Well-named. 1875 NV. Amer. 
Rev. CXX, 283 The writer..has lived in a daimio’s capital 
before, during, and after the abolition of feudalism. 

Hence Dai‘miate, Dai:mioate, Dai‘miote, the 
territory or office of a daimio. 

1870 Pall Mail G. 26 Aug. 4 Japanese students. .from all 
= of the empire, from the inland daimiotes as well as 

rom the sea-coasts, 1882 Atheneum 10 June 730/1 The 
abolition of the Daimioates has elevated the masses of the 
people [of Japan] from a state of feudal servitude to the 
condition of free citizens, 1889 did. 6 Apr. 436/1 Old 
Japanese tenures [of land]..no doubt differed considerably 
in the different daimiates. 

|| Daimon (daiméun), a direct transliteration of 
Gr. daivwy divinity, one’s genius or Demon. 

1852 THoreau Lett. (1865) 73 It is the same daimon, here 
lurking under a human eyelid, 1875 E. C. Srepman 
Victorian Poets (1876) 154 The Laureate. .is his own daimon, 
—the inspirer and controller of his own utterances. 

+ Dain, sd. Os. Also 5 deyne, dene, 6 daine, 
dayne,deane. Syncopated from Wedain, DIspain sd, 

1, Disdain, dislike, distrust. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 1863 Pat ay has de: 
dene] & dispite at dedis of litill, x59 

Vo. III, 


e [Dublin MS. 
YLY Sappho vy. i. 


9 


pi Pl striketh a deepe daine of that which wee most 
lesire, 

2. The suffering or incurring of disdain; con- 
tumely, ignominy, reproach, 

argoo MS, St. Fohn’s Coll. Oxon. No. 117 fol. 123b (in 
Maskell Mon. Rit. III. 356), Thi beginning of thi lif, care 
and sorwe; thi fo[r]thliving, trauail, and dene, and disese. 
15.. Merline in Percy Folio 1. 444 ‘ Nay, certaine,’ said the 
old queane, ‘yee may it doe without deane.’ 5 

3. Repulsiveness of smell; ‘stink, noisome 
effluvia. Still used in this sense in the west of 
England’ (Nares). 

(Quot. 1575 taken in this sense by Nares and Halliwell 
may belong to 2; 1601 may belong to Dain ad/.) 

1575 Mirr. Mag., Cordila, From bowres of heauenly hewe, 
to dennes of dayne. x60r Ho.tanp Pliny x1. lili, The 
breath of Lions hath avery strong deane and stinking smell 
with it [animae leonis virus grave). 1825 Britton Prov. 
Words in Beauties of Wiltsh. (E. D.S.), Dain, infectious 
effluvia, | 1847~- in Haviiwe ct (Wilts). 

+ Dain, @. Obs. or dial. rare. Also 6 daine, 
dane. [a. OF. *deigne, Burg. dotgne = F. digne 
worthy: cf. Chaucer’s deyz under DiGneE a.] 

1. Haughty; reserved, distant; repellent. Sc. 

¢xg00 Dunpar Txa mariit Wemen 132 Than am I dan- 
gerus and dane and dour of my will. /dzd. 253 Thought 
I dour wes and dane, dispitois and bald. ¢cxsqo Lynprsay 
Kitteis Conf. 6 Bot 3it ane countenance he bure, Degeist, 
deuote, daine, and demure. nite 

2. Repulsive, esp. in smell ; stinking. Cf. Diane a. 

(Cf. Dain sé. quot. 1601.] 1888 Berkshire Gloss., Dain, 
tainted, putrid, bad-smelling. 

+Dain, v. Ods. Also 5 deyne, 6 dayne. 
Syncopated form of dedain, DISDAIN v. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 4579 Owhir 3e gesse at 3e be gods... 
Or deynes with oure dri3tins for bat we bam dere hald. 1514 
Barcray Cyt. §& Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 6 Youthe dayneth 
counsayle, scornynge dyscrecyon. #1592 GREENE A /phonsus 
1. Wks. 226/1 She shall have scholars which will dain to be 
In any other Muse’s company. /dzd. 111. 237/23 IV. 240/1. 

Dain(e, obs. forms of DEIGn. 

+ Dai'nful, 2. Ods. Also 6 deignfull. 
copated form of dedainful, DISDAINFUL. 

c1s30 H. Ruoves Bk. Nurture 672 in Babees Bk. (1868) 
too A busy tongue makes of his friend oft tymes his daynfull 
Foe. 1578 T. Proctor Gorg. Gallery in Heliconia 1. gt 
Cipres well, with dainful chaung of fraight, Gave thee to 
drinke infected poyson colde. 1600 Fairrax Tasso iv. 
Ixxxix, Yet tempred so her deignfull lookes alway. 

+ Daint, @. and sd. Ods. Also 6 daynt, deint. 
=Dainty (of which it appears to be merely a 
shortened form, or perh, a misreading of the old 
spelling daznte, deynte, etc.). 

A. adj. 

1590 SrensER /, Q. 1. x. 2 To cherish him with diets 
daint. Jézd. u. xii. 42 Whatever .. may dayntest fantasy 
aggrate. 1896 /d7d. 1v. i. 5 Demeanour daint. 

- SO, 

1633 P. FretcuHer Pisc. Lcl, The Prize xxxvii, Excesse 
or daints my lowly roof maintain not. 

Hence + Dai-ntly adv., daintily. 

1563 Sackvitte Mirr. Mag., Induct. xxxviii, As on the 
which full dayntlye would he fare. 1591 PercivaLi Sf, 
Dict., Regaladamente, gentelie, curteouslie, deintlie. 

+ Dai‘nteous, 2. Ods. Forms: a. 4-5 deyn-, 
dein-, (den-), daynteuous, -vous, (-uos, denty- 
uous); 8. 4-0 deyn-, 6 dayn-, deinteous. [app. 
orig. dayntivous, f. dayntive DAINTIVE + -OUS: 
afterwards altered so as to appear f. daynte, 
Dainty + -ous. Cf. Bounrrous, PLENTEOUS.] 
= DAINTY a. 

c Sf Cuaucer Merch. T. 470 Ful of instrumentz and of 
vitaille The moste deynteuous of all Ytaille. 1387 Trevisa 
Higden ae A III. 323 Wip gret plente of deynteous mete 
and drink. ?a@ 1400 Morte Arth. 4196 Itt was my derlynge 
daynteuous, and fulle dere holdene. c1g10 Barciay JZirr. 
Gd. Manners (1570) D v, The soure sauce is serued before 
meat deynteous. 1548 Upatt, etc. Eras. Par. Matt. x. 
64 This is no daynteouse and delycate profession. 

Hence + Dai‘nteously adv., daintily. 

1380 Wycuir Se/, Wks. III. 157 Somme men deynteuously 
norischen hor body. 1393 Lanct. P. PZ. C. 1x. 324 Thenne 
was pis folke feyn and fedde hunger deynteuosliche [v.7. 
denteuous-, deyntifliche]. a@1556 Cranmer Wks. (Parker 
Soc.) II. 194 Yet will they. .fare daintiously, and lie softly. 

Dainteril, var. of DamyTREL Oés., a dainty. 

Dainteth, -ith (déntép), sd. and a. Now 
only Sc. Forms: 4-5 dein-, deyn-, dain-, dayn- 
teth(e, varely -ith(e, -yth, (also den-, dan-, 
dayen-, dayne-), 8-9 Sc, daintith, -eth. [a. 
OF. dainttet, deintiet:—L. dignitat-em, {. dignus 
worthy : see Dainty sé.] A. =Darnty 50. 

cr290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. Beket 1190 Heo bi-gan to serui bis 
holi man and deintebes [Percy Soc. l. 1202 deyntés] to him 
brou3te. a1340 Hampote Psalter lxxv. 10 With other. .he 
has litill daynteth to dwell. c1400 Destr. Troy 463 Sho 
hade no deintithe to dele with no deire meite. c14s0 Bh. 
Curtasye 527 in Babees Bk. (1868) 316 Yf any deyntethe in 
countré be, Po stuarde schewes hit to bo lorde so fre. « 1774 
Fercusson Drink Eclogue Poems (1845) 52 On bien-cla 
tables .. Bouden_wi’ a’ the daintiths 0’ the land. 
Blackw. Mag. V11. 520 Sic daintiths are rare. 

B. =Darnty a. Obs. 

¢1430 Lypc. Chorle §& Byrde \x, A dunghyll Douke as 
deyntith as a Snyte. cr Gesta Rom. Wiii. 374 (Add. 
MS.) He myght not take of the noble and deynteth metes. 

Hence } Dai‘ntethly adv., + Daintethness. 

©1440 Gesta Rom. |. 370 (Add. MS.) Riche men..pat.. 
etyn and drynkyn deyntethly. c 1440 York Myst.t. 78 Thi 


Syn- 


1820 


DAINTIVE. 


dale, lord, es ay daynetethly delande. 1348 Tuomas /¢a/, 
Gram., Dilicatezza, daintethnesse, or delicacie. 


Daintifica‘tion. vonce-wd. [f. Dainriry ; 
see -FICATION. ] Daintified condition. 
‘A 


1780 Map. D’Arsiay Diary Apr., A mighty delicate 
gentleman. .all daintification in manner, speech, and dress. 

+ Daintiful, . Os. [f. Darry sd, +-Fut.] 
= DAInNTy a. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 28 There is no lust so deintefull. 
a 1400-50 Alexander 4274 A dayntefull diete. c1440 Gesta 
Rom, x\vi. 184 (Harl. MS.) How that he made so gret 
festes, and hadde so deyntefulle metis. 

Hence + Daintifully adv., daintily. 

1393 Lanci. P. PZ. C. 1x. 324 (MS. G.) Pis folke .. fedde 
hunger deyntfulliche [v.~. deynteuosliche, deyntifliche]. 

Daintify (déi-ntifei), v. vonce-wd. [See -Fy.] 
trans. To make dainty. Hence Daintified A//. a. 

1780 Map. D’Arsiay Let?. July, My father charges me to 
give you his kindest love, and not to daintify his affection 
into respects or compliments. 1834 Mew Monthly Mag. 
XLI. 317 A silken cushion—which .. the daintified animal 
did not hurt. ? 

Daintihood (déintihud). xave. Daintiness. 

1780 Mav. D’Arsiay Diary May, Shocking her by too 
obvious an inferiority in daintihood and fo. 1890 Tenzple 
Bar Mag. Jan. 146 Her youth, her daintihood. 

ime d (détntili), adv. [f. Dainty a.+-Ly 2.] 

+1. Excellently, finely, handsomely, delightfully. 

?ax1400 Morte Arth.723 Dukkes and duzseperes dayntte- 
hely rydes. c14253 Wyntoun Cron. 1x. xxvii. 8 Rycht wele 
arayt and dayntely. 1625 Bacon “ss. Truth (Arb.) 499 
A naked..day-light, that doth not show the masques .. of 
the world halfe so Stately, and daintily, as Candlelights. 
1640 HoweEtt Dodoni’s Gr. 2 There is no Forrest on Earth 
so daintily watered, with such great navigable Rivers. 

2. In a dainty manner; with delicate attention to 
the palate, personal comfort, etc. 

c1340 Cursor M. 3655 (Trin.) Venisoun .. Deyntily di3te 
to his pay. c1440 Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 145 (Harl. MS.) The 
fleshe is i-fed deyntili. 1549 Latimer 2nd Seri. bef. Edw. 
VI (Arb.) 52 The rich. .gloton whych fared well and deyntely 
euery day. 1588 Suaks. 77¢. A.V. iii. 61 Baked in that 
Pie, Whereof their Mother dantily hath fed. 1647 CowLey 
Mistress, Love's Ingratitude ii, And daintily I nourish’d 
‘Thee With Idle Thoughts and Poetry. 17.. Broomr 
View Epick Poems (J.), Vo sleep well and fare daintily. 

3. Delicately, nicely, etc.; elegantly, gracefully, 
neatly, deftly. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin’s Inst. 11. v 
tenderly & deintily handled. 1592 Gre Disput. 1 You 
tread so daintily on your typtoes. 1654 Trapp Comm. Ps. 
xxili, So daintily hath he struck upon the whole string. 
1860 G. H. K. Vac. Tour. 117 The daintily tripping roe. 
1860 Motcey Nesther?. (1868) vii. 443 The envoy performed 
his ungracious task as daintily as he could. 

+4. Rarely, sparingly. Ods. (Cf. Darnty a. 2.) 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vil. ccxxi. 242 To be kept there as 
a prysoner, where he was so dayntely fed that he dyed 
for hunger. x158x Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 65 The 
Auncients haue one or two examples of Tragy-comedies.. 
But..we shall find, that they neuer, or very daintily, match 
Horn-pypes and Funeralls. 


Daintiness (déntinés). [f. Dartnty a. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being dainty. 

1. +a. The quality of being fine, handsome, de- 
lightful, etc. Ods. in general sense. b. Of food: 


Choiceness, deliciousness. 

1gs2 Hutort, Deyntines of meates at a banquet, /av- 
titia. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. wv. (1586) 167 In 
daintinesse and goodnesse of meat, the Hennes may com- 
pare with..the goose [etc]. 1627 Hakewit Aol. (J.), 
It was more notorious for the daintiness of the provision 
which he served in it, than for the massiness of the dish. 

2. Delicate beauty, elegance, gracefulness ; neat- 
ness, deftness. 

1580 SipNEY Arcadia 1. (1725) 106 Leucippe was of a fine 
daintiness of beauty. 1669 A. Browne Avs Pict. (1675) 
1g The grossness, slenderness, clownishness, and daintyness 
of Bodies. 1878 J. W. Esswortu Brathwait’s Strappado 
Introd. 28 There is poetic grace and daintiness of expres- 
sion in the charming little lyric. 1884 Biack Zud. Shaks. 
xxx, The pretty daintinesses of her coaxing. 

3. Niceness, fastidiousness, delicacy, scrupulous- 
ness (of taste, sensibility, etc.). 

1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. xxi. 250/2 What greter 
daintinesse doe we make at blasphemies? 1593 SHAKs. 
Rich. 11, v.v. 45 Daintinesse ofeare. 1624 Wotton Archit. 
1, Of sand, Lyme, and clay, Vitruvius hath discoursed 
without any daintiness. 1892 Speaker 3 Sept. 299/1 A cer- 
tain discrimination, a certain daintiness of choice. — 

4. Niceness of appetite; fastidiousness with re- 
gard to food, personal comfort, etc. ; softness. 

1530 Parser. 212/2 Deyntinesse, friandise. 1598 HaKLuyt 
Voy. 1. 250(R.) How iustly may this barbarous and rude 
Russe condemne the daintinesse and nicenesse of our cap- 
taines. 1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. v. (1851) 232 The People 
.. learnt .. of the Flemish daintiness and softness. 18 
W. Irvine Astoria I. 78 What especially irritated the 
captain was the daintiness of some of his cabin passengers. 
They were loud in their complaints of the ship’s fare. 

+ 5. Physical delicacy or tenderness. Oés. 

1575 TurBERV. Mandconrie 229 In these cures of diseases 
that grow in the eyes there must be great care used.. 
bicause of the dayntinesse of the place. 

Daintith: see DaInTETH. 

+ Dai‘ntive, sd. anda. Oés. rare. In 6 deyn- 
tyue. [app. a. Anglo-Fr. *daintif, -zve, f. dainté: 
cf. OF. dontif, -ive, f. bonté.] =Datnty sé. and a. 

13.. [see adv. below]. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 
zob To taste of his deyntyue delycates. did. 71 [He] 
fedeth vs with the deyntyues of his owne son iam 


§ 1 He was not 


DAINTREL. 


Hence + Daintively adv. (in 4 deyntifliche). 
13.. Cursor M. 27904 (Cotton ) To 3ern metes 
day peyedy. 1393 Lanat. P. P7. C.1x. 324 (MS. I) Pis folke 
..fedde hunger tifliche. 

+Dai‘ntrel. O/s. Also 6 deintrelle, 7 dain- 
teril, -trill. [Cf. OF. daintier a tit-bit, a delicacy, 
The formation is obscure.] A dainty, delicacy. 

1578 J. Strut Gamm. Gurton u. i, But by thy words, as 
I them smelled, thy daintrels be not many. 1577 tr. Bu/i- 
inger's Decades (1592) 240 Neither glut thy selfe with 
present delicates, nor long after deintrelles to be 
come bye. iy 2 Sir E. Hosy Curry-combe i. 7 ‘These 
dainterils haue layen so long vpor his hands, that I feare 
me they are scarce sweete. 1640 Brome Sfar. Garden u1. 
vii, You say I shall fill my belly with this new Daintrill. 

Dainty (dé‘nti), sd. Forms: 3-6 dein-, deyn-, 
dain-, daynte, -ee, (4-5 dayn-, deyntte), 4-6 
dein-, deyntie, -y(e, 4-6 Sc. dante(e, 6 -ie, 5 
dente, 6 denty, -ie, 4-7 daynty(e, -ie, 6-7 
daintie, -ye, 4- dainty. [a. OF. deinti?¢, daintié, 
dainté pleasure, tit-bit :—L. dignitatem worthiness, 
worth, beauty, f. diguus worthy. The earlier OF. 
form was in -et, whence DaINTETH.] 

+1. Estimation, honour, favour (in which any- 
thing is held) ; esteem, regard; affection, love. 

1225 Ancr. R. 412 Me let lesse deinte to binge pet me 
haued ofte. c 1305 St. Dunstan 35 in E. E. P. (1862) 35 For 
deynte pat he hadde of him : he let him sone bringe Bitore 
pe prince of Engelond. 1. Barsour Bruce xm. 475 Schir 
eduard..Lufit [him], and held in sic dante. 1377 Lanct. 
P. Pl. B. xt. 47 Of dowel ne dobet no deyntee me ne 
pouste © 1430 Lypc. Bochas Prol. 52 These Poetes .. Were 
py olde time had in great deintye With Kinges. 1513 
Dovctas nets iv. viil. 28 Sen 3onne..man, deir sister, the 
Was wount to cherise, and hald in gret dantie. ; 
+2. Liking or fondness fo do or see anything; 
delight, pleasure, joy. Ods. 

c1325 Song of Yesterday 5 in E. E. P. (1862) 133 Pei 
haue no deynte forto dele With binges pat bene deuotly 
made. 1375 Barsour Bruce xu. 159 Than all ran in-to 
gret dantee The Erll of Murreff for till se. ¢ 1386 CHaucer 
Man of Law's T. 41 Euery wight hath deyntee to chaffare 
With hem. 1449 Pecock Rep. 1. xiii. 66 The reeding in 
the Bible. .drawith the reders..fro loue and deinte of the 


world. 1508 Dunpar Twa maryit wemen 413 Adew 
dolour, adew ! my daynte now begynis. ax KELTON 
ue deynte 


Bouge of Courte 337 Trowest thou..That I 
to see thee ehecyuieed thus? 

+3. Delightful or choice quality; sumptuous- 
ness. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 3655 (Cott.) Venison pou has him 
nommen, Wit dainte dight til his be-houe. c 1300 KX. Adis. 
7o7o They haven seolk, gret plenté, And maken clothis of 
gret deynté. cx1440 Promp. Parv. 117/1 Dente (K. H. P. 
deynte), anticia. 

+4. Daintiness; fastidiousness. Ods. 

1590 Spencer F. Q. 1. ii. 27 He feining seemely merth, 
And shee coy lookes : so dainty, they say, maketh derth. 

#1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. JV, 1. i, 198 Note this: the King is 
wearie Of daintie, and such picking grieuances. 

+5. concr. Anything estimable, choice, fine, pleas- 
ing or delightful ; hence occas., a luxury, rarity 
(cf. Dainty a. 2). Ods. exc. as in 6. 

1 Hampote Pr. Consc. 7850 Pare es plenté of dayntes 
and delice. ax1400-s0 Alexander 5298 Ware slike a won- 
dire in oure marche of Messedone..It ware a daynte to 
deme. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. § Epigr.(1867) 51 Plenty is 
nodainty. 1617 Ricu /rish Hubbub 47 wns great dainties 
..euen amongst their greatest nobility, to see a cloake 
lined thorow with Veluet. a 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 
II. 439 [He] made such a vent for Welch cottons, that what 
he Bod drugs at home, he left dainties beyond the sea. 
1798 Ferriar //lustr. Sterne, Eng. Hist. 227 Those who 
can only be allured by the dainties of knowledge. 

+b. Asa term of endearment. (Cf. sweet.) 

1611 B. Jonson Catiline u. i, There is a fortune comming 
Towards you, Daintie. : 

6. esp. Anything pleasing or delicious to the 
palate; a choice viand, a delency: 

¢ 1300 Beket 1202 Heo servede this holi man and of deyntes 
him bro3te. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 255 Tho was there 
many a deinte fet And set to-fore hem on the bord. ¢ 1440 
Promp. Parv. 117. Delyce, or deyntes, delicie. 1576 
Fieminc Panopfl, Epist. 291 Some whet their teethe upon 
sugred deinties, 1611 Biste Ps. cxli. 4 Let mee not eate of 
their dainties. 1794 Soutney Wat Tyler i. ii, Your 
larders hung with dainties. @ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) i. 305 
‘The cunning caterer still must share The dainties which his 
toils prepare. 

Jig. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 26 Suche deinties.. Wherof thou 
takest thin herte food. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 59 
There be some. .to whom sin. .is both food and dainties, 

+7. Phrase. Zo make dainty of (anything): to 
set great store by; hence, to be sparing or chary 
of ; to make dainty to do (or of doing; absol.), 
to be chary or loth, to scruple. Oés. 

1555 WaTREMAN Fardle Facions 1. iii. 37 The moste noble 
Citrus, wherof the Romaines made greate deintie. 
Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. ix. 107/1 They will not Bs. 44 
daintie of the name of our Lord Jesus Christe, to worke their 
subtill and mischeevous practises. x§81 Savite Jacitus’ 
Hist, 1. x\vi. (1591) 26 Some..made noe dainty to any 
burden. 1592 Suaks. Rom. § Ful. 1. v. 21 ich of 
all Will now deny to dance? She that makes dainty, She 
Ile sweare hath cornes. a@x6r7 Hieron Ws. II. 492 Shee 
ranne home and made no dainties of it; all her neighbours 
were the better for her store. a1628 Preston New Cov. 
(1634) 410 Defer not, make not dainty of applying the 
promises, ~~ Hatt Hard Texts Matt. x. 39 Hee 
that makes so ity of his life as that. .he will not expose 
it to danger. 1638 Feattey Strict, L . 1. 122 We 
have all reason to make great dainties of the noble con- 


| fession of. .our Romish adversaries. 


10 


Mitton Likon. 
43 If.. he made so dainty and were so | to bestow [etc.]. 

+8. As an asseveration : ? =By God’s dignity, 
or honour. Oés. 

161 Tourneur Ath. Trag.u. v, S'daintie, I mistooke the 

I miss’d thine eare and hit thy lip. 

Dainty (dé-nti), a. [from prec. sb.] 

+1. Valuable, fine, handsome ; choice, excellent ; 
pleasant, delightful. Ods. or dia/. in general sense. 

¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt, 1253 To daly with derely your 
daynte wordez. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro/. 168 Full many a 
deynte hors hadde he in stable. 1526 Tinpatr Rev. xviii. 
14 All thynges which were deyntie and had in pryce. 3873 
Tusser Hush. xxxv. (1878) 81 More daintie the lambe, 
the more woorth to be sold. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 389 The 
daintiest Smells of Flowers, are out of those plants, whose 
Leaves smell not. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 354 P 1 To 
hear Country Squires. .cry, Madam, this is dainty Weather. 
1816 Scotr O/d Mort. vi, ‘ Ay? indeed? aschemeo’ yours? 
that must be a denty ane!’ 1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., 
Denty or Dentyish, a weather term, genial, cheering. 

+2. Precious; hence, rare, scarce. Obs. 

2a1500 How Plowman lerned Pater-Noster 28 in Hazl. 
E. P. P. (1864) 1. 211 Malte had he eg pe And Martyl- 
mas befe to hym was not deyntye. 1578 Lyte Dodoens vi. 
xi. 671 The blacke [whorts] are very common. .but the red 
are dayntie, and founde but in fewe places. 1616 Hizron 
Wks. 1's, If sermons were dainty..they would be more 
esteemed. 1677 Lapy Cuawortn in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. 
Comm. App. v. 37 A rare muffe, but judged to be some 
dainty squirell skin. ; ; 

3. Pleasing to the palate, choice, delicate. 

1382 Wycuir Prov. xxi. 17 Who looueth deynte metis. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. 7. 58 To gete a glotoun deyntee 
mete and drinke. 1541 Barnes /V/és. (1573) 299/1 To eate 
.-costly fishes, and that of the dentiest fashion dressed. 
1588 Suaxs. Z. L. L.1. i. 26 Dainty bits Make rich the 
ribs. 1627 Mitton Vac. Exerc. 14 The daintiest dishes 
shall be serv'd up last. 1758 Jounson /dler No. 100 P 12 
Her house is elegant and hertable dainty. 1892 STEVENSON 
Wrecker ii, Fine wines and dainty dishes. 


4. Of delicate or tender beauty or grace; delicately | 


pretty ; made with delicate taste. 

¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 3060 Her chyn..With a dympull full 
derne, daynté to se. 1555 WATREMAN Fardle Facions 1. v. 
77 She is estemed, as a deinty derling, beloued of many, 
1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. June 6 The grassye ground with 
daintye Daysies dight. 1609 B, Jonson Sil. Wom. tv. i, 
Let your gifts be slight and dainty, rather than precious. 
c 1645 Howe tt Let¢t, 1. xxviii. 54 Such a diaphonous pel- 
lucid dainty body as you see a Crystall-glasse is. 1877 
M. M. Grant Sun-Maid vii, There stood waiting for her 
the daintiest of little broughams. ; : ; 

5. Of persons, etc. : Possessing or displaying deli- 
cate taste, perception, or sensibility; nice, fastidious, 
particular ; sometimes, over-nice. 

1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 357 Fine fellowes, that bee 
verie deintie and circumspect in speaking. 1581 LamBARDE 
Ejiiren. w. v. (1588) 497 Sundry other daintie and nice 
differences doth M. Marrow make. rggr SHAks. 1 Hen. 
V1, v. iii. 38 No shape but his can please your dainty eye. 
1602 — //am. v. i. 78 The hand of little Imployment hath 
the daintier sense. 1700 ConGREvE Way of World i. xv, 
I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution—because 
when I makeit I keep it. 184 Lytton Nt. §& Morn. in. ii, 
You must take me as you take the world, without being 
over-scrupulous and dainty. 1855 H. Reen Lect. Eng. 
Lit. iii. 101 From being too dainty in our choice of words. 

+b. with of: Particular or scrupulous about 
(anything) ; careful, chary, or sparing of. Odés. 

1576 FLEMING Panopl. Epist. 251 Friendes..garnished wt 
learning, & not deintie of their travell. Suaks. Macé. 
i. iii. 150 Let vs not be daintie of leaue-taking, But shift 
dg & 1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. v. iii. 367 The devil 
not being dainty of his company where he finds welcome. 

+e, with zzfin.: Disinclined or reluctant (¢0 do). 

1553 B. Gitrtn in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xxiii. 440 Such 
as dainty to hear the poor. 162 Sir R. Duptey in 
Fortesc. Papers 7 note, 1 will not bee dainty to make you 
a partie to my designes, 

6. Nice or particular as to the quality of food, 
comforts, etc. ; + luxurious. 

ay Lp. Berners Gold. Bk, M, Aurel. (1546) Kjb, 
The heart of a woman is deyntee. 1614 Bp, Hatt Recoll. 
Treat, 85 As..some daintie guest knowing there is so 
pleasant fare to com. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 181 You 
dainty Dames that are so nice, that you will not endure this 
pleasant Element to blow upon you. 1855 Motiey Dutch 
Rep. III. vt. v. 521 When men were starving they could not 
afford to be dainty. 1892 Stevenson Wrecker ii, I was 
born with a dainty tooth and a palate for wine. 

+7. Delicate (in health or constitution). Ods. 

1562 Butteyn Campoundes 46a, Thei maie be giuen to 
drinke to them that are weake or feable, or as thei call it 
deintie. 158: Mutcaster Positions xxii. (1887) 94 Whose 
mother was delicate, daintie, tender, neuer stirring. 

8. quasi-adv. Daintily. (rare.) 

1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 726 You quote Scriptures, 
tho (to your prayse) more dainty indeede then your 
fellowes. 1671 H. M. tr. Zrasm. Collog. 72 If rich men 
shall fare somewhat dainty, 1873 Miss Broucnton Nancy 
IIL. 144 So exceedingly fair and dainty wrought. 

9. Comb., as dainty-chapped, -eared, -fingered, 
-mouthed, -tongued, -toothed adjs. 

1725 Bauey Erasm. Collog. (877) 42(D.) You *dainty- 
chapped fellow, Us ag to be fed with hay, 1549 Lati- 
MER FA Serm. uy. . VI (Arb.) 90 marg., How tender 
and *deynety eared men of these days be. 1713 Rowe 

‘ane Shore 1. i, This tough impracticable Heart sg 

y a*dainty-finger’d Girl. 1530 Patscr. 309/2 ty 
mouthed, /riant, — Austin Medit. (1635) 233 They 
are so *daintie-T that their Company is too costly. 
1577 tr. Bullinger Decades (1592) 154 Let euery young man 
bee. .not licorish lipped, nor *dainty toothed. 


DAIRY. 


+ Dainty (déZ‘nti), v. Obs, rare. [f. prec. sb. 
or adj.) ¢vans. With up: To pamper or indulge 
with dainties. is 

1622 H. Sypennam Serm, Sol. Occ, (1637) 108 So that 
deny Mad. Dtvblays 5 Ae = Or sh aed 

. ie 
us up with all the meekness in 7 Eso 

Dair, Dairt, obs. forms of Darr, Darr. 

Dairawe, Daired: see Day-. 

|| Dairi (dairz). Also 7 dayro. [Japanese, f. 
Chinese daz great + 77 within.] In Japan, properly 
the palace or court of the Mikado: ss Sy a Tespect- 
ful mode of speaking of the mikado or emperor. 

Hence Dairi-sama, /it. lord of the dairi or 
palace, an appellation of the Mikado, 

1662 g: Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. E. Ind. 184 That 
great State hath always been govern’d by a Monarch, 
whom, in their Lan; e they call Dayro, 1780 Phil. 
Trans. LXX. App. e were not allowed to see the 
Dairi, or ecclesiastical emperor. 


Dairy (dé‘ri), ss. Forms: 3 deierie, 4 dayerie, 
dayry, 5 deyery, deyry, 6 deirie, dary, //. 
deyris, dayres, 6-7 deyrie, dayery(e, dery, 
dayrie, dairie, 7 daery, darie, dayry, 7- dairy. 

E. deterie, etc., f. dete, deye, Dry female servant, 

airy-maid + -erze, -ERY 2, suffix of Romanic origin. 

The dai-ry is thus the place where the function of 
the dey is performed: cf. dey-woman, -house.] 

1. A room or building in which milk and cream 
are kept, and made into butter and cheese. b. 
Sometimes in towns the name is assumed by a shop 
in which milk, cream, etc. are sold. 


c12ag0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 192/14 Hire deierie was euere of 
chese and botere bar and swipe lene. /d7d., For nas 


in pe deierie nou3t adel of none 3wite. c 1386 CHaucer 
Wife's T. 15 Thropes, beernys, shipnes, ig ©1440 
Promp. Parv. 117 Deyrye, vaccaria. 1577 B. Goocr 


Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 3 As my Foldes..or my Dayrie 
and Fishpondes wyl yeelde. 1621 B. Jonson Gifsies 
Metamorph. Wks. (Rtldg.) 624/1 To Roger or Mary Or 


Peg of the vag & ag Tuomson Summer 262 Some 
[insects] to the house, The fold, and dairy, hungry, bend 
1837 Howitt Kur. Life vi. sp The elegant 


their flight. 
dairy for the supply of milk and cream, curds and butter. 


2. That department of farming, or of —— 
farm, which is concerned with the production of 
milk, butter, and cheese. Hence, sometimes ap- 
plied to the milch cows on a farm collectively. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prol. 597 His lordes scheep, his meet, 
and hi pea His swyn, his hors, his stoor, and his 
pultrie, Was holly in this reeves gree e. 1673 TEMPLE 
Trade in Ireland Wks. 1773 111. 22 Grounds were turned 
much in England from ing either to feeding or dairy. 
1779 H. Swixsurne Spain xxxviii. (R.), The lar; oe of 
cows established here by the present ge 2 1814 Jane West 
A. de Lacy Ul. 238 e , .troopers. .drove our good 
cow-dairy. 1882 Somerset Co. Gaz. 18 Mar., Dairy of 12 or 
16 cows to be let. 1888 E.wortuy W. Somerset Word-bk., 
Dairy, the milking cows belonging to any farm or 

3. A dairy-farm. 

1562 Puaer ineid. 1x. Aaijb, Stormy showres and 
winds about mens deiries houling. 1504 Norven Sfec, 
Brit., Essex (Camden) 8 In Tendring hundred wher are 
manie wickes or dayries, a@1661 Futter Worthies u. 14, 
The Goodnesse of the Earth, abounding with i bas 
Pasture, 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 11. 41 All the lower 
Part of this County. .is full of large feeding Farms, which 
we call Dairies; and the Cheese they make is excellent. 

A. attrib. and Comb., as dairy-cabin, -country, 
-damsel, -pail, -society, -ware, -wench, -wife, -work, 
etc. ; dairy-fed adj.; dairy-farm, a farm chiefly 
devoted to the production of milk, butter, and 
cheese; so dairy-farmer, -farming ; dairy- 
grounds, cow-pastures ; dairy-school, a technical 
school for teaching dairy-work or dairy-farming ; 

who manages a dairy. 

1797 Mrs. Ravcurre /talian xiii, It was a * bin 
belonging to some shepherds. 
Children in *Dayrie Countries doe waxe more tall, t 
where they feed more upon Bread, and Flesh, 1818 Scott 
Hrt. Midl. xii, The yet more cor e *dairy-damsel. 
Jbid. ix, To employ them as a “dairy-farmer, or cowfeeder, 
as they are led in Ss. R Handy 


: his * 

nee ha dae eile Bring home tocrease of silk. "3 

PatscR 212/1 *Dayrie meterie. po aes 25 Mar. 

278/2 They will. .establi og happeceee over England. 
Farmer's Gaz. 4 Jan. 5/2 numerous ng A 

ties in America. jam 4 i pny d (1816) 6x Having 

a store of *dairy ware, he reso vo make 0 Sieeaaee 

or cream 


ag merle dem Drie ta: for exeam and 


1 mad for 1609 Ev. 
en O, Pi, IV, I shall goe to 

*Darie woman. 1841 
pratt Fuh Shows ¢ I. 230 Bring 


us home a box of butter, if -woman — 
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) IIT. ix. 67, 1 +. ad- 
mired them in their “dairy- 1890 Harmer’s Gas. 


4 Jan. 5/2 Asa dairy work. 

Dairy, v. rare. [f. Damy sb] trans. To 
keep or feed (cows) for the dairy. 

v7ho A. Younc Tour Irel. Il. ya The — oes 
Those Nasty ot a sitter quality are employed in the 
dairying of cows. suis 


DAIRY-HOUSE. 


Dai'ry-house. A house or building used as 
a dairy; = Darry 56, 1; the house of a dairy-man. 
1530 Pascr. 212/2 Deyrie house, meterie. 1616 SurFL. 
& Markn. Country Farme 16 You shall haue a Dairie- 
house or small vaulted Roome Epa and lying slope-wise 
..to serue for the huswifes Dairie. 1741 RicHARDSON 
Panzela II, ror You’d better see her now-and-then at the 
Dairy-house or at School. 
iryi (déerijin). [f. Dairy v. + -1nG1.] 
The business or management of a dairy; the pro- 
duction of milk and manufacture of butter and 


' cheese ; dairy-farming. 


1649 Burne Eng. Improv. Impr.'To Rdr., To shew the 
way of Cow-keeping, Dayrying, or raising most Cheese and 
Butter. 1893 ween 25 Mar. 478/2 They have the subject of 
dairying and dairy schools very much at heart. 

b. attrib. 

1784 Twamiey Dairying 8 In a considerable Dairying 
Country. 1 Times 22 Feb. 7/3 The improvement and 
extension of the dairying industry. 

i aid (déerimzid). A female servant 
employed in a dairy. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. wv. i, Now I would be an 
empresse; and by and by a duchess; then a great lady.. 
then a deyrie maide. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 530 P 2 
He has married a dairy-maid. 1879 J. WRIGHTSON Dairy 
Husb. in Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 246/2 When the butter 
falls from side to side in a compact lump the dairy-maid 
knows that her work approaches completion. 

Dairyman (dé«rimén). A man who manages, 
or is employed in, a dairy. b. A man engaged in 
the sale of milk and other dairy produce. 

1784 Twamtey Dairying 58 An object not unworthy 
a Dairy-man’s notice. 1813 L. Ricumonp (¢i¢/e), The Dairy- 
man’s daughter. 1882 Somerset Co. Gaz. 18 Mar., Wanted, 
a steady young man as Dairyman. 

Dairy-woman: see Dairy 4. 

Dais (déis, déztis). Forms: 3-5 deys, 3-6 
deis, 4-5 des, 4-6 dese, dece, deyse, dees, 5 
deise, deesse, 5-6 dess(e, deas(e, 6 deasse, 
dysse, Sc. deiss, deische, 8-g Sc. deas, 4, 8-9 
dais. [a. OF. dezs (later dots), mod.F. (from 
Picard dial.) dais=Pr. des, It. desco:—L. disc-um 
(nom, discus) quoit, disk, dish, in late L. table. 

The sense-development has been ‘table, high table (in- 
cluding its platform), the raised end of the hall occupied by 
the high fable and used for other purposes of distinction, 
the canopy covering this’: the latter being only in modern 
French, and thence in Eng. The word died out in Eng. 
about 1600, but was retained in Sc. in sense 33 its recent 
revival, chiefly since 1800, in sense 2, is due to historical and 
antiquarian writers; it appears in no Eng. dicts. until 
Worcester 1846, Craig 1847. Always a monosyllable in Fr., 
and in Eng. where retained as a living word ; the dissyllabic 
pronunciation is a ‘shot’ at the word from the spelling.] 

1, +a. A raised table in a hall, at which dis- 
tinguished persons sat at feasts, etc.; the high 
table. (Often including the platform on which it 
was raised : see next sense.) Ods. since 1600. 

@ 1259 Matt. Paris Vitae Abbatun S. Alb. in Walsingham 
(Rolls) I. 521 Priore prandente ad magnam mensam quam 
‘Deis’ vulgariter appellamus. 1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 1107 
Vort hii come vp to fe deis. @1300 Cursor M. 12560 (Cott. 
Ne brek pair brede, ne tast pair mes, Til he war cummen til 
pair des. c1350 Will. Palerne 4564 Pe semli segges were 
sette in halle, Pe real rinkes bi reson at be heije dese, and 
alle oper afterward on be side benches. ¢1450 Henryson 
Mor. Fab. 10 So that Good-will bee caruer at the Dease. 
cxgoeo in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 241 Syttyng at the hygh 
dees: My Lord of Ely in the myddes. 1535 Stewart Croz. 
Scot. 11. 395 Quhair that he sat into his stait royall, With 
mony ding lord sittand at his deische. @1575 Wife lapped 
in Morrelles Skin 312 in Hazl. Z. P. P. WV. 193 The Bride 
was set at the hye dysse. . 

+b. To begin the dais: to take the chief seat, 
or preside, at a feast: see Becin v1 5. Also Zo 
hold the dais in same sense. Oés. 

1297 R. Gtouc. (Rolls) 7166 He ber be croune & huld be 
deis mid ober atil also. cx320 Sir Beues 2123 Pow schelt 
pis dai be priour And be-ginne oure deis. c 1430 Syr Tryam. 
1636 Quene gy dag began the deyse, Kyng Ardus, wyth 
owtyn lees, Be hur was he sett. ¢1440 Partonopfe App. 
7210 (Roxb.) Next the Quene he began the deyse. 

2. The raised platform at one end of a hall for 
the high table, or for seats of honour, a throne, or 
the like: often surmounted bya canopy. Odés. since 
¢ 1600, until revived ¢ 1800 in historical and sub- 
sequently in current use. 

In earlier times sometimes ss meaning a bench or seat 
of honour upon the raised platform: cf. sense 3. 

c12go S. ng Leg. 1. 361/71 On pe heize deis him sette, 
mete and drinke he him af. ¢ 1300 A. Adis. 1039 Spoused 
scheo is, and set on deys. c1325 Z. £. Addit. P. B. 38 He 
were sette solempnely in a sete ryche, Abof dukes on dece, 
with dayntys serued. ¢1386 Cuaucer Merch. T. 467 And 
atte fest sittith he and sche With othir worthy folk upon 
the deys. ¢1450 St. Cuthbert 3049 He satt doune opon be 
dese, 50x Dovucias Pal. Hon, u. xly, Tho I saw our 
ladyis twa and twa Sittand on deissis, 1513 BrapsHAW 
St. Werburge 1. 1625 Quer the hye desse..Where the sayd 
thre kynges sate crowned all. 1575 Lanenam Let, (1871) 
41 A doouty Dwarf too the vppermost deas Right peartl 
gan prik, and, kneeling on knee..Said ‘hail, syr king’. 
1778 Pennant Tour in Wales (1883) I. 13 The great. .hall 
is..furnished with the high Dazs, or elevated upper end, 


11 


college halls. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 386 The grandee took his place on the dais. 

b. By extension: The platform of a lecture 
hall; the raised floor on which the pulpit and 
communion table stand in some places of worship. 

1888 Nature 26 Jan. 299/t As a lecturer he was not 
brilliant ; he appeared shy and nervous when on the dais. 
1893 Newsfr. A Flower Service was held in the church; 
the pulpit and dais were tastefully decorated. 

3. In some early examples (chiefly northern) it 
appears to have the sense ‘seat, bench’; so in Sc. 
a. ‘A long board, seat, or bench, erected against 
a wall’, a settle; also, ‘a seat on the outer side of 
a country house or cottage’. b. A seat, bench, or 
pew inachurch. (Jamieson.) Chamber of dais: 
see CHAMBER 5, I1. 

1330 Syr Degarre 765 Amidde the halle flore A fir was 
bet stark and store: He sat adoun upon the dais, And 
warmed him wel eche wais. 

ai Fercusson Farmer’s Ingle (1845) 38 In its auld 
lerroch yet the deas remains, Where the guidman aft streeks 
him at his ease. 17.. Jamieson Pop. Ball. (1806) I. 211 
(Jam.) The priest afore the altar stood,—The Mer-man he 
stept o’er ae deas, And he has steppit over three. 1818 
Scotr Hrt. Midd. xviii, The old man was seated on the 
deas, or turf-seat, at the end of his cottage. 1832-53 
Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 11. 73 Last Sunday, in your 
faither’s dais, I saw thy bloomin’ May-morn face. 1872 
E. W. Rosertson Hist. Ess. 107 The chamber of Deese, 
the best room in the farmhouse of a certain class. 

4. t¢ransf. (from 2) A raised platform or terrace 
of any kind; e.g. in the open air. 

1861 N. A. Woops Prince of Wales in Canada 341 
A noble and lofty flight of steps—those daises of architecture 
which ..add .. to the grand and imposing effect of lofty 
facades. 1884 C. Rocers Soc. Life Scot. I. ix. 378 On the 
slopes of ancient daisses or hill terraces. 

fa [after mod.Fr—not an Eng. sense.] ‘The 
canopy over a throne or chair of state. 

1863 THornsury True as Steel 1. 147 The Bishop. .occu- 
pied with bland dignity the chief throne under the dais. 
1866 Village on Clif iii, An old dais of Queen Anne’s time 
still hung over his doorway. 

Dais, Sc. pl. of Daw, Dor. 

Daise, obs. form of Dazr. 

Daisied (déi-zid), 2. Also 7 dazied. [f. Daisy 
+-ED 2.] Adorned with or abounding in daisies. 
(Chiefly foezzc.) 

r6rx SHaks. Cy, 1. ii. 398 Let vs Finde out the prettiest 
Dazied Plot we can. ¢1720 Gay Dione 1.iv, Daisy’d lawns. 
1883 ae 'D Kev. June 862 Beneath the daisied turf. 

Daisle, Daisterre, obs. ff. DazzLE, Day-sTar. 

Daisy (dézi). Forms: 1 degeseze, -eaze, 
3-4 dayes-eje, -eghe, 4"dayesye, -eye, 4-5 
daysye, 4-7 daysie, daisie, (5 4/7. dayses), 5-6 
daysy, 6 deysy, dasye, dasey, dayzie, 6-7 dasy, 
7 days-eye, dazy, -ie, (f/. dayzes, Sc. desie, 
deasie), 7-8 daizy, 6- daisy. [OE. dwzes cage 
day’s eye, eye of day, in allusion to the appearance 
of the flower, and to its closing the ray, so as to 
conceal the yellow disk, in the evening, and open- 
ing again in the morning.] 

1. The common name of ellis perennis, N.O. 
Compositx, a familiar and favourite flower of the 
British Isles and Europe generally, having small 
flat flower-heads with yellow disk and white ray 
(often tinged with pink), which close in the evening; 
it grows abundantly on grassy hills, in meadows, 
by roadsides, etc., and blossoms nearly all the year 
round ; many varieties are cultivated in gardens. 

cxo00 AiLrric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 135/22 Consolda, 
degesege. c1000 Sax. Leechd. Il. 292 zearwe, and fif- 
leafe, daezesege, and synnfulle. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. 
xiii, 43 Dayes-e3es in thio dales, ¢1385 CHaucer L.G.W. 
Prol. 43 Of al the floures in the mede, Thanne love I most 
these floures white and rede, Suche as men callen daysyes. 
Ibid. 184 Wele by reson men it calle may The dayeseye, or 
ellis the eye of day. ¢ 1450 Crt. of Love xv, Depeinted won- 
derly, With many a thousand daisies, rede as rose, And 
white also. 1579 SreNsER Sheph. Cal. June 6 The grassye 
ground with daintye Daysies dight. 1588 Suaxs. Z.Z.L. 
v. ii. 904 Daisies pied and Violets blew. 1625 Bacon 
Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 556 For March, There come Violets. . 
The Yellow Daffadill; The Dazie. 1710 Avpison Tatler 
No, 218 Pg Visits to a Spot of Daizies, or a Bank of Violets. 
1803 LeyDENn Scenes of Inf. 1,291 When evening brings the 
merry folding hours, And sun-eyed daisies close their winkin 
flowers. 1833 Marryat P. S7mfle xxxv, She was as fres! 
as a daisy. 186r Detamer 7. Gard. 81 There are 
Quilled, Double, and Proliferous or Hen-and - Chicken 
Daisies. 

b. Cf. Datsy-currer 1. 

1847 W, Irvine Life § Lett. (1864) IV. 28 My horse, now 
and then cuts daisies with me when I am on his back. 

2. Applied to other plants with similar flowers 
or growing in similar situations. a. s¢mply. In 
N. America, the Ox-eye Daisy, Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum (see b); in Australia, various 
Composite, esp. Vitadenia and Brachycome iberidt- 


folia; in New Zealand, the genus Lagenophora. 


b. With qualifications, as African Daisy, Athan- 
asia ; Blue Daisy, (a) the Sea Starwort ; 


and its long table for the lord and his jovial 
31820 Scotr /vanhoe iii, For about one quarter of the length 
of the-apartment, the floor was raised by a step, and this 
space, which was called the dais, was occupied only by the 
peace! members of the family. 1840 ArNoLp Hist. Rome 

I, 459 Like the dais or upper part of our old castle and 


(6) the genus Glodularia; Bull D. = Ox-eye D.; 


| Butter D., locally applied to the Buttercup, and 


to the Ox-eye Daisy; Christmas D., several 


| Species of Aster, esp. A. grandiflorus; Dog D. = 


DAKER-HEN. 


Ox-eye D.; Globe D., the genus Glodularia ; 
Great D., Horse D., Midsummer D., Moon D. 
=Ox-eye D.; Marsh D.=Sea D.; Michaelmas 
D., various cultivated species of Aster which 
blossom about Michaelmas; also applied to the 
wild Aster Trifolium; Ox-eye Daisy, Chrysan- 
themum Leucanthemum, a common plant in 
meadows, with flowers resembling those of the 
common daisy but much larger, on tall stiff stalks ; 
Sea Daisy, Thrift, Avrmeria maritima. (See Treas. 
Bot., and Britten & Holland Lng. Plant-n.) 

@ 1387 Sinon. Barthol.(Anecd. Oxon.) 16 Consolida ntedia, 
grete dayeseghe. 1578 Lyte Dodoens u1. xix. 169 There be 
two kindes of Daysies, the great and the small. /dzd. m1. 
xxxiii. 364 Some call it blew Camomil or blew Dasies. 1794 
Martyn Rousseau’'s Bot. xxvi. 396 The Ox-eye Daisy, 
a plant common among standing grass in meadows. 1838 
Scrore Deerstalking 388 Even the highest hills. .are scat- 
tered over with the sea daisy and other plants. 1861 Miss 
Pratr Flower. Pi, 111. 286 (Sea-Starwort)..Country people 
call it Blue Daisy. ait 

3. A species of sea-anemone (Actinza dellis), 

ne Lewes Sea-side Stud. Index. 

+4. Asa term of admiration. Oés. 

c1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) ut. 515 A dere dewchesse, my 
daysyys Iee! ax605 Montcomerie Misc. Poems (1887) 
xxxix. 1, Adeu, O desie of delyt. 

5. slang. (chiefly U.S.). A first-rate thing or 
person ; also as aay. First-rate, charming. 

1757 Foote Author u. Wks. 1799 I. 148 Oh daisy ; that’s 
charming. 1886 Mrs. Burnetr Little Ld, Fauntleroy 
xv. (1887) 263 ‘She’s the daisiest gal I ever saw! She’s —- 
well, she’s just a daisy, that’s what she is.’ 1888 Denver 
Republican May (Farmer), Beyond compare a pugilistic 
daisy. 1889 Boston (Mass.) Frnud. 22 Mar. 2/3 In a new 
book upon ‘ Americanisms,’ some of the less familiar are .. 
daisy, for anything first-rate. 

6. attrib. or as adj. Resembling a daisy. 

.@1605 Montcomerte Well of Love 41 Hir deasie colour, 
rid and vhyte. 16x11 Barkstep //irex (1876) 83, I sweare 
by this diuine white daizy-hand. 1854-6 ParmorE Avged ix 
fo. 1, 1. iv, She Whose daisy eyes had learned to droop. 

7. Comb., as daisy-bud, -flower, -head, -lawn, 
-root ; daisy-dappled, -diapered, -dimpled, -painted, 
-spangled adjs.; daisy-like adj.; daisy anemone 
=sense 3; daisy-bush, a New Zealand shrub of 
the genus O/earia ; daisy-chain, a chain of daisies 
sewed or fastened together, made by children in 
play; daisy-leaved a., having leaves like those 
of the daisy. 

1857 Woop Commt. Ob. Sea Shore vi. 114 A bad-tempered 
*Daisy Anemone (Actinia bellis), which lived in a cave .. 
and did not approve of intrusion. 1841 Lytton wV¢. & Aforn. 
1.ix, I never walk out in the fields, nor make *daisy-chains. 
1896 Fitz-Grrrrey Sir /. Drake (1881) 81 The *daysie- 
diap’red bankes. 1845 Hirst Poemts 54 Over *daisy-dimpled 
meadows. 1887 Sir W. G. Simpson Art of Golf gt One 
sweeps off *daisy heads with a walking-stick. 1796 
Wirnerinc Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 577 *Daisie-leaved 
Lady smock. 1796 T. TowNsHEND Poems 20 The *daisy- 
painted green. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 354 Boyling of *Dasie- 
Roots in Milk. 1813 SHELLEY Q. M/aé vii. 82 The *daisy- 
spangled lawn. 

Dai'sy, v. vare. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vans. To cover 
or adorn with daisies. 

1767 G. S. Carey fills of Hybla 8 When fertile nature 
dasy’d ev’ry hill. 1831 E. Taytoxr Remembrance 29 ‘The 
earth we tread shall be daisied o’er. 

Dai‘sy-cutter. [/7. ‘cutter of daisies’: see 
Daisy sé. 1 b.] 

1, A horse that in trotting lifts its feet only very 
slightly from the ground. 

1791 *G. GamBapo’ Ann. Horse. xvi. (1809) 129, I luckily 
picked up a Daisy-cutter, by his throwing me down on the 
smoothest part of the grass. 1847 Youatt Horse iv. 87 
The careless daisy-cutter, however pleasant on the turf, 
should..be avoided. 1867 REeape Griffith Gaunt (1889) 5 
Daisy-cutters were few in those days. 

2. Cricket and Base-ball. A ball so bowled or 
batted as to skim along the surface of the ground. 

1889 ‘Mark Twain’ Vankee at Crt. K. Arthur (Tauchn.) 
II. 226 I’ve seen him catch a daisy-cutter in his teeth. 1891 
Farmer Slang Dict., Datsy-cutter, a ball which travels 
more than half the ‘ pitch’ along the ground without rising ;, 
a ‘sneak’, 

So Dai‘sy-cutting v0/. sb. and f#/. a. ; 

1827 Hone Every-day Bk. 11. 461 Nimble daisy-cutting 
nags. 1837 T. Hoox Fack Brag i, None of your bowling- 
green, daisy-cutting work for us. 1875 ‘STONEHENGE’ 
Brit. Sports u. ui. i. § 3. 502 The .. low daisy-cutting form 
which suits the smooth turf of our race-courses. 

Dait, obs. form of Dare. 

Dak: see Dawk. 

Daker. Also daiker, dakir. [a. OF. dacre, 
dakere, med.L. dacra; see DicKER.] Variant of 
DIckeER, a set of ten. 

1531 Aberdeen Burgh Rec. xu. 248 The dakir of hidis. 
1597 SKENE De Verd. Sign. s.v. Serplaith, Ten hides makis 
ane daiker, and twentie daiker makis ane last. 1753 Mart- 
Lanp fist. Edin, 111, 248 For every Daker of Hides landed 
at Leith—8 pennies. 1866 Rocers Agric. §& Prices I. 171 
The dicker or daker was..a measure for hides and gloves. - 

Daker, var. of DACKER. 

Daker-hen. dia/. [Connexion has been sug- 
gested with DAIKER v., and with Flem. daeckeren 
* volitare, motari, mobilitare, et coruscare’ (Kilian). 
But no such name appears to be applied to the 
bird in Flanders.] The Corn-crake or Land-rail. 

2*-2 


DAL. 


sage Exvor Bibl., Crex, a certaine birde, whiche semeth 
i le to be that whiche in some places is called 
a Daker hen. 1678 Ray fnsae ge fy Ornith. 170 The Rail 
or Daker-hen. 1766 Pennant Zood. (1768) II. 387. 1789 G. 
Wurre Selborne (1853) 347 A man brought mea -rail or 
daker-hen. 1869 Z Gloss., Daker-hen, the corn-crake. 

Dakoit, etc, : see Dacor, etc. 

| Dal (dal). Anglo-Jnd. Forms: 7-9 dol(l, 9 
dhal, age dal(l. [Hindi da/ split pulse :— 
Skr. dala, f. dal to split.] The pulse obtained 
from some leguminous plants, chiefly from the 
Cajan, Cajanus indicus, extensively used as an 
article of food in the East Indies. 

1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 101 (Y.) At their orga, 
out of the Water they bestow the largess of Rice or i 
(an Indian Bean). 1727 Hamitton New Acc. £. Ind. I. xiv. 
161 Doll and Rice being mingled together and boyled, make 
Kitcheree, the common Food of the Country. 1866 7yeas, 
Bot. 189 Cajanus indicus. .In India the pulse is called Dhal 
or Dhol or Urhur, and [is] ranked as third in value among 
the pulses. 1883 F. M. Crawrorp Mr. [saacs v. 87 
A mouthful of dal to keep his wretched old body alive. 

Dal: see Date, Dear, Doe. 

|| Dalai, Dalai-lama: see Lama. 

Dalder, obs. form of DoLLar. 

Dale ! (dé'l). Forms: 1-3 deel, 1-4 dal, 3- 
dale ; also 3 deale, 4 dalle, 5 dall, daile, daylle, 
6 daill. [OE. del, gen. dvles, dat. dele, pl. dalu, 
dalo, neuter; Com. Teut. = OS. da/, OFris. del, 
deil, MDu, and Du. da/, all neuter, OHG., MHG. 
tal, masc. and n., Ger. thal n., LG. dal, dal, Goth. 
daln., ON. dalr m. (Sw., Da. dal) :—OTeut. dalo-mt, 
dalo-z, of which the root-meaning appears to be 
‘deep or low place’: cf. Goth. dalap down, dalapa 
below. As used in ME. the native word appears 
to have been reinforced from Norse, for it is in 
the north that the word is a living geographical 
name. 

As to the final e in Ormin’s dale, see Sachse Unorganische 
E im Orrm, 22. ‘The form deales pl. in Ancren Riwle is 
difficult to explain.] 

1, A valley. In the northern counties, the usual 
name of a river-valley between its enclosing ranges 
of hills or high land. In geographical names, 
e.g. Clydesdale, A dale, Borrowdale, Dovedale, 
it extends from Lanarkshire to Derbyshire, and even 
farther south, but as an appellative it is more or 
less confined to the district from Cumberland to 
Yorkshire. In literary English chiefly poetical, 
and in the phrases Az// and dale, dale and down. 

¢ 893 K. A“LrreD Ors. 1. iii, Paes dzles se d#l se pet flod 
ne grette ys syt to-deg wastmberende on zlces cynnes 
bladuin. cx1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Hwile uppen cliues 
and hwile in be dales. c 1200 OrM1N 9203 Nu sket shall illc 
an dale beon all he3edd upp & filledd. -— sid. 14568, 
& coude & feld, & dale & dun. c 1205 Lay. - 4 Heocomen 
--in ane dale deope. ax1zas Ancr. R. 282, sf deales..pu 
makest wellen uorto springen, a@1300 Cursor M. 22532-4 
(Cott.) Al pis werld bath dale and dune. .Pe dals up-rise, be 
fells dun fall. ¢ 1386 CHaucer Sir Thopas 85 By dale and 
eek by doune. ¢ 1440 Promp, Parv. 112 Dale, or vale, 
vallis, @ 1533 Lp. Berners Huon xxi, 60 They.. rode by 
hylles and dales. 1 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. v. ii. § 10 
Galloway, Carrick, Niddisdaill, Annanderdaill, with the rest 
of the Daillis in the West. 16x1 Biste Gen. xiv. 17 The 
valley of Shaveh, which is the Kings dale [1885 2. V’. vale]. 
1727-46 THOMSON Sumner 1271 Where, winded into pleasing 
solitudes, Runs out the rambling dale. 1806 Gazetteer Scot. 
(ed. 2) 343 Lindithgowshire..Its surface is finely diversified 
with hill and dale. 1820 Worpsw. Scenery of Lakes (1822) 
62 That part of these Dales which runs up far into the 
mountains, beg Tennyson Jn Mem. Concl., Till over 
down and over dale All night the shining vapour sail. 1876 
Whitby Gloss. 50/2 Around Whitby all the valleys are 
‘dales’.. There are many smaller dales into which the 
larger are divided. ‘ Deealheead’ is the upper portion of 
the vale ; ‘ Deeal end’ being the lower part. 


cxago Cen, § Ex. 19 Dan man hem telled sode tale .. Of 
blisses dune, of sorwes dale. a1340 Hamrote Psalter xxiii. 
3 Falland down agayn til be dale of synn. — Pr», Consc. 
1044 Twa worldes .. An es pis dale, whar we er wonnand. 
a 1661 Futcer in Spurgeon 7 reas. Dav. Ps. cxxi. 1 Viewing 
the deep dale of thy own unworthiness, 

+2. A hole in the ground, a hollow, pit, gulf. 
Cf, DELL 1. Obs. 

a 800 Corpus Gloss. 274 Baratrum, dx\ [Leiden dal). 
«1000 Czdmon's Gen, 421 On dat deope dal deofol atelds 
c — Pallad. on Husé, xi. 481 Ther thay stonde a dale 
make, and drenche hem therin, 1489 Caxton Faytes oA. 
1, xxv. 78 Dyches or dales or euyll pathes. 

3. attrib. and Comé., as dale furze; dale-end, 
the lower end of a dale; dale-head, the head of 
a dale or valley; dale-land, ‘the lower and arable 
ground of a district’ (Jamieson); dale-lander, 
*-man, ‘ an inhabitant of the lower ground’ (Jam.) ; 
dale-backed a., hollow in the back (as a horse), 

1676 Lond, Gaz. No. 1078/4 Lost..a brown bay Nag.. 
a little dale backt, Vancouenn Agric. Devon (1813) 
aso The... d le furze blooming in the autumn, 
3876 [see sense x 


Dale? (dé). Also Sc. dail(l. [The northern 
phonetic variant of DoLe :—OE. dd/ part, portion, 
division, allotment, dealing, dole; cf. northern Aa/e, 
stane = standard Eng. whole, stone. Used esf. in 
the following senses; for others see Douz.] 


1, A portion or share of land ; spec. a share of a |. 


12 


common field, or portion of an undivided field in- 
dicated by landmarks but not divided off. 

_ ¢ 1241 Newminster Cartul, (1878) 87, j acram at | rodam 
in campo del West in duas mikel dales quas Rob. fil. 
Stephani et Sywardus quondam tenuerunt. 1531 Déad. ou 
Laws Eng. \. xxx. (1638) 53 The g suffereth a y 
«. by the name of a rent in Dale of a like sum as, etc. 1735 
N. Riding Rec. 1X. 157 All the..closes, inclosures, dales 
and p of bl ey dow and ture ground 
chemen belonging. 1820 Worpsw. Scenery of Lakesii. (1823) 
43-4 The le and meadow land of the vales is posse: 

in common fields ; the several portions being marked out by 
stones, bushes, or trees; which ions .. to this day are 
called Dales. Lance. Gloss., Dae (local), an unseparated 
portion of a field. .often unmarked, or only shown by stakes 
in the hedge and stones at the corners of the dale. ‘A dale 
rss about a quarter of an acre on Black Moss belongs to this 


farm. 

+ 2. Dealing; having to do with; business. Sv. 
Obs. 

¢ 1375 Barsour Troy-bk. 11.2839 Cume and ly heire besyde 
me now, So bat I may haf dale with pe. 1469 Act. Audit. 
9 (Jam.) He sall hafe na dale nor entermeting tharwith in 
tyme tocum. 1513 Dovctas 4neis xu. iv. 161 All to 3yng 
wyth sic ane to haue daill [1553 dale]. 1535 Stewart Cron. 
Scot. III. 302 That he wald get the best part of the daill. 
1592 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 544 The successioun proceding 

that pretendit mariage or carnal] daill. 

Dale (dz). Also 7 daile, 8, 9 dail, (dill). 
[Corresponds in sense 1 to LGer. and Du. daa/; 
also to F. dad/e, which is also used for a conduit-tube 
of wood or metal used in various technical pro- 
cesses, Sp., Pg., It. da/a, ai also adala, Accord- 
ing to Littré dal/e in Picard is also a kitchen-sink ; 
and Cotgr. has ‘ da//e,a sewer or pit whereinto the 
washings, dishwater,and other such ordure of houses 
are conueyed’. See Littré and Diez.] 

1. A wooden tube or trough for carrying off water, 
as from a ship’s pump; a pump-dale. 

1611 Cotcr., Escoursouér, the dale of a (ships) pumpe, 
whereby the water is passed out. 1627 Capt. Smitu Sea- 
man's Gram. ii. 8 The daile is a trough wherein the water 
doth runne ouer the Deckes. 1800 S. Stanpipce in Naval 
Chron. III. 472 They pumping the water into a pump dill. 
c1850 Rudin, Navig. (Weale) 139 Pump dales, pipes fitted 
to the cisterns, to convey. .water. .through the ship's sides. 

2. An outlet drain in the Fen district. 

1851 Frul. R. Agric. Soc. X11. u. 304 When those fens 
were first embanked and drained, narrow tracts, called 
‘dales’, or washes, were left open to the river .. Every dis- 
trict, with its frontage of dales, is tolerably well drained. 

Dale: see Drat, 

Dale v., northern form of DoLE v. 

Daleir, obs. form of Dotuar. 

Dalesman (dé‘lzmén). [= dale’s man from 
Date!.] A native or inhabitant of a dale; es, 
of the dales of Cumberland, Westmorland, York- 
shire, and adjacent northern counties of England. 

1769 Gray Frul. in Lakes Wks, 18841. 257 A little path.. 

assable to the Dale’s-men. 1813 Scotr Nokedy m. ii, In 

edesdale his youth had heard Each art her wily dalesmen 
dared. 1848 Macautay //ist, Eng. 1. 285 Even after the 
accession of George the Third, the path over the fells from 
Borrowdale to Ravenglas was still a secret carefully kept by 
the dalesmen. 

So Da‘lesfolk, Da‘lespeople, Da‘leswoman. 

1863 Mary Howitt F. Bremer’s Greece 1, 224 Our dales- 
folk of Mora. 1886 Hatt Caine Sox of Hagar 1. ii, There 
is a tough bit of Toryism in the grain of these Northern 
dalesfolk, 1883 F. A. Matteson Wordsw. §& Duddon in 
Gd. Words, The dreary wastes of Wrynose, which the 
dalespeople call Wreyness. 1892 Mrs. H. Warv David 
Grieve 1. v. 362 Her daleswoman's self-respect could put up 
with him no longer. 

Dalf(e, obs. pa. t. of DELVE. 

Daliance, dalie, obs. ff. DALLIANCE, DALLY. 


DALLY. 
+ Dalle!, Oés. vave—'. [app. an infantile word. 
Cf. Dappix.] The hand. 


e Ti Myst. (Surtees) 118 Haylle! furthe 
thy dalle, Tteymg the bots bale ae 

|| Dalle2 (dal). [Fr., in both senses, 
_ It is probable that the two senses are really distinct words; 
in sense 2, the F. word is the same as DALE‘; in sense 1 
Hatzfeld nope connexion with Ger. diede, board, Dea.) 

1. A flat slab of stone, marble, or terra cotta, used 
for flooring; sfec. an ornamental or coloured slab 
for pavements in churches, etc. ; 

Ecclesiologist XV1. 200 The choir, the chapels. . were 


paved with A aed dalles. — ( ally b 
. pl. e name given (originally by French 
Pad 2c of the Hudson's Bay Company) in the 
Western U.S. to rapids where the rivers are com- 
pressed into long narrow trough-like channels. 
1884 Harper's Mag. Feb. 364/1 The Columbia River is 
there. .compressed into ‘dalles’, or long, narrow, and broken 
troughs, 1890 M. Townsenp U.S. 137 The Dadles of the 
Columbia, Oregon ; the Dadles of the Wisconsin, Minnesota. 
Hence apteae ® r.], flooring with dalles. 
. ae Elana VII. 57 In the dadiage the treatment 
is archaic. 


Daller, obs. form of Dotiar. 

Dalliance (dz'liins). Forms: 4-6 dalyaunce, 
daliaunce, 4-7 daliance, (5 -auns, -ans(e), 5-6 
dalyance, 6 dally-, dalliaunce, 6- dalliance. 
[f. Day v.+-ance: prob. formed in OFr. or 
ne tee though not yet recorded.] 

+1. Talk, confabulation, converse, chat ; usually 
of a light or familiar kind, but also used of serious 
conversation or discussion. Oés. 

1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt, 1012 Pur3 her dere dalyaunce of 
her derne wordez. ¢1440 yl ae Parv, 112 Dalyaunce, 
confabulacio, collocucio, colloquium. 1447 BoKENHAM 
Seyntys (Roxb.) 162 Marthe fyrst met hym {enrist) .. And 
hadde > a hym a song, atyaunes. 1496 Dives & Paup. 
W. de W.) v1. xv. 259/1 Redynge & dalyaunce of holy wryt 

< of holy mennes lyues. 

2. Sport, play (with a companion or companions) ; 
esp. amorous toying or caressing, flirtation ; often, 
in bad sense, wanton toying. 

¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. W, Prol. 332 (Cambr. MS.) For to 
han with 30u sum dalyaunce. ‘<7 — Doctor's T. 66 At 
festes, reueles, and at daunces, That ben occasiouns of 
daliaunces. ¢1400 Maunpev.(Roxb.)xxvi. 124 Pai schall. . 
ete and drinke and hafe dalyaunce with wymmen. a 1553 
Upatt Royster D. ww. vi. (Arb.) 70 Dyd not I for the nonce 
..Read his letter in a wrong sense for daliance? 1602 
Suaks. Ham. 1. iii. 50 Whilst like a puft and recklesse 
Libertine Himselfe the Primrose path of dalliance treads. 
1738 Pore Odyss. vi. 348 The lewd dalliance of the queen 
of love. 1742 FreLpinc fi Andrews m. vi, He, taking her 
by the hand, began a dalliance, 1820 Scorr Monast. xxiv, 
Julian .. went on with his dalliance with his fe 
favourite. 1860 Motiry Nether?. (1868) I. vi. 346 The Earl's 
courtship of Elizabeth was anything. . but a gentle dalliance, 

3. Idle or frivolous action, trifling; playing or 
trifling wth a matter. 

1548 Brecon Solace of Soud Catechism (1844) 571 In health 
and prosperity Satan's assaults seem to be but trifles and 
Peg of dalliance. 1561 T. Norton Ca/lvin's Inst. ut. xii. 
§ 1 When they come into the sight of God, such dalliances 
must auoide, bicause there is .. no trifling strife aboute 
wordes, 1627 F. E. Hist. Edw. 1 (1680) 16 Divine Justice, 
who admits no dalliance with Oaths. 1641 Lett. in Sir J. 
Temple /rish Redbell. u. 47 Now there is no iance with 
them ; who. .decl. h 1 against the State. 1814 
Worpsw. Excursion 1. Wks, (1888) 423/2 Men whose hearts 
Could hold vain dalliance with the misery Even of the dead. 
1843 Prescotr Mexico (1850) I. 63 He continued to live in 
idle dalliance. eri A = bee P 

+4. Waste of time in trifling, idle delay. Ods. 

The first quot. prob. does not belong here: see Detay- 


ANCE. 
+Dalk!. Ods. [OE. dale, dolc, in ON. délkr. [ex340 Cursor M. 26134 (Fairf.), & for-bink his 
A pin, brooch, clasp, buckle. ] dali (Cott, delaiance) pat for-drawen has is 
¢ 1000 /Exrric Fosh, vii. 21 Ic zeseah sumne gild dale 


on fiftigum entsum. ¢ 1000 AEtrric loc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 152 
Fibula, n, uel oferfeng, uel dalc. ar100 A ax, 
Voc. ibid. 313/22 Spinther, dolc, odde preon. Cath, 
Angl. 89 A Dalke (or atache), firmaculum, firmatorium, 
monile, 1488 Willin Ripon Ch. Acts 286 Unum portiferium 
cum a dalk cum ymagine B. Maria. 

+Dalk®, delk. 00s. exc. dial. [?dim. of 
Date, DELL; cf. E.Fris. dé/ke small hollow, dimple, 
dim. of dle excavation, hollow: see Kluge 
Nominale St bild, 29.) A hole, hollow, de- 
pression, 

1325 Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 146 Au cool 
troveret la fosset, a dalk in the nekke. 1340 Hampote Pr. 
Consc. 6447 For als a dalk es even Imydward Pe yholke of 

cage, when it es hard, Ryght swa es helle pitte.. Ymyddes 

erthe. c 1420 Padlad. on Hus, 1. 607 Or brason scrapes 
oute of everie dalke Hem scrape. c1440 Promp, Parv. 112 
Dalke, wad/is. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 85/1 The daulk 
;-is..the Crown, or head of an apple, where the blossom 
is. @1825 Forsy Voc, E. Anglia, Delk, a small cavi 
the soil, in the flesh of the body, or in any surface wl 
be to be quite level, 

alk, in mining : see Dauk. 

Dall, obs. Sc. spelling of Daw ». 


(dee* taip). [f proper name ~ 


Datlas + Tyre.] (See quot.) 

1875 D. C. Datas Circular, I have. . perfected the method 
known as Dallastype—a process of Photographic E: ving 
by which can be produced as Blocks for Surface Printing. . 
ome of Wood-cuts, Type or MS. Matter. 1884 Academy 
9 Feb. 94 The photographic process known as Dallastype. 


¢. B Mor. Philos. fr.) v. 
Death “iais* eH gee EF Grea or Aimed “igs 
Saaps, Cant SPs 1v. i, 59 My businesse cannot brooke 
Dallier (de«'lis:), Also 6 dalier. [f. Danny 
v.+-ER1.] One who dallies: ea Y 
peepee Shores 
- ( id e ers. 
1063 Gun. P, Tuompeon in Bradlord ddveriver'9 Oct. 6/% 
‘I will go so far’, says the with evil ; and everybody 
knows w! the dallier comes to, 

Dallop, var. of Dotior. 

Dally (deli),v. Forms: rit daly (e, dayly(e, 
5 dallyn), 6 dalie, dallye, 6-7 dallie, 6- dally. 
a. OF. dalier to converse, chat, pass one’s time in 
ight social converse, etc.; common in rt 
see Glossary to Boson (ed. P. Meyer). has 
an instance of da//ier trans, to ‘ *] : 
+1. intr. To talk or converse lightly or idly; to 

tins Dysers dalye, reisons craken, 
Gate § Gr. es tas Pay deonken & day ie dalten 
1. Jéid. 1253 To daly with y you Syne 

Tes. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv.112 Dalyyn or talkyn, fabudor, 


, colloguor. : 
2. To act or speak sportively, make amuse 


oneself; to toy, sport, play wth, esp. in way 
of amorous caresses ; to flirt, wanton. ‘ 
‘Or, 


¢ Pi Parv. Dallyn, or 
las O- ‘romp. 112 yn, 


Harvey Letter-dk. (Camden) ros you never see 


DALLYING. 


a flye in y°nighte Dally so longe with y® candle lighte. 1594 
SHaAks. Rick 117, 1. iii. 265 Our Ayerie buildeth in the Cedars 
top, And dallies with the winde. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Med. 
1. il. 1v. 274 Little else.. but to dally with their cats. 1685 
Roxb, Ball, Vil. 473, I have a Chamber here of my own, 
Where we may kiss and dally alone, 1842 Tennyson Day 
Dream, Revival iv, The chancellor. .dallied with his golden 


chain, 1883 R. Noet in Academy No. 577. 365/3 Leaping | 


lambs and lovers dallying. i 

b. To play with a thing or subject which one 
does not intend to take seriously ; to coquet, flirt, 
esp. with temptation and the like. 

1548 UDALL, etc. Zvasm. Par. Pref, 18 The auncient doc- 
toures .. doe in expounyng the allegories, seme oft tymes to 
playe and dalie with it. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 153 For, so 
to interpose a little ease Let our frail thoughts dally with 
false surmise. ~~ Rocers Naaman 167 Dally not with 
her, as Eve with the serpent. 1774 FLercuer Vict. & Gen. 
Creed viii. Wks. 1795 III. 343 When we dally with tempta- 
tion, 1780 CowrerR 7 adle-t. 544 To dally arma with subjects 
mean and low. 1855 Prescott Philip //, 1.11. xiii. 290 Men 
--who.. had been led to dally with the revolution in its 
infancy. -now turned coldly away. 

3. To trifle wth a person or thing under the 
guise of serious action; to play wz¢h mockingly. 

1548 Hatt Chron. ee | But the Duke of Burgoyne dalied 
and dissimuled with all parties. .gevyng them faire wordes. 
1579 Tomson Calvin’s Serm. Tim. 440/t We see a great 
number yt wold dallie thus with God. 1600 Hottanp Livy 
i. xxiii. 59 a, Then thought the people..they were mocked 
and dallied withall [e/udz]. 1614 Br. Hat Recoll. Treat. 
697 If wee feared the Lord, durst wee dally with his name ? 
1706 Appison Rosamond u1.iii, Why will you dally with my 
pain? 1722 De For Relig. Courtsh. 1. i. (1840) 17 Why do 
you trifle and dally so long with a thing of such conse- 
quence? 

+b. trans. To dally out: to trifle with, elude. 

1548 Hatt Chron. 146 The matter was wynked at, and 
dalyed out. 1563-87 Foxe A. & M7, (1684) I. 173/1 He would 
suficr no man. .to dally out [e/wdere] his laws without con- 
dign punishment, 16rx Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvii. 112 
But Lewis. .dallied out Edward with shewes of firme faith, 
till hee had effected the thing hee went about. 1618 Botton 
Florus u. ii, Skill to shift aside Oares, and to dally out the 
strokes of beake-heads, by yare and ready turning. 

4. intr. To spend time idly or frivolously ; to 
linger, loiter; to delay. 

1538 Bate Thre Lawes 241 Ye are disposed to dallye. 
1594 WiLLoBIE Avisa (1605) 28 The poesie..bids you doe, 
but dallie not. Doe so, sweete heart, and doe not stray, 
For dangers grow from fond delay. 1600 Heywoop 1 Edw. 
IV, Wks. 1874 I. 32 We dallied not, but made all haste we 
could. 1647 R. Srarytton F¥uvenad xvi. 285 If, being my 
debtour, he .. stand Dallying to pay me. 1822 W. Irvinc 
Braceb, Hail i. 6 Lest when he find me dallying along. .he 
may hurry ahead. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog, Sea xv. § 651 
One vessel. .dallying in the Doldrums for days. 

+5. trans. To put off or defer by trifling. In 
earlier use fo dally off; cf. dally out in 3b. Ods. 

noes Weve Def. Answ. i. Wks. (1851) I. 165 This is but 
a shift to dally off a matter which you cannot answer. 1 
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 50 Fates and Fortune dallying 
a dolefull Catastrophe. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxi. 
19 The Councell of Flanders .. dallied him off with many 

xcuses. 1616 Marlowe's Faust. Wks. (Rtldg.) 126/1 But 
wherefore do I dally my revenge? 1633 T. Apams Ex. 
2 Peter ii. 2 Neither dally this execution. 1821 CLarE 
re Minstr. 1, 34 Some long, long dallied promise to 

ulfil. 
+6. To play or toy with ; to influence or move 


by dalliance. Oés, 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wars u. xix, Pleas’d with vain shewes, 
and dallied with delyt. 1627-77 Fettuam Resolves 1. xxv. 
44 Like a cunning Courtizan, that dallies the Ruffian to 
undo himself, 1677 Gitpin Dzmonol, (1867) 70 Mark 
Antony by this means became a slave to Cleopatra..and so 
dallied himself into his ruin. 

7. To dally away: to consume or spend (time) 
in dalliance or by dallying. 

1685 Roxb, Ball. VII. 473 Now when the night was dalli’d 
away..She ’rose and left me snoring in bed. ¢ 1765 Fitoyp 
Tartarian T. (1785) 90/1 They had dallied away a part of 
the night. 1828 Scorr ¥. M. Perth viii, He asked them 
what they meant by dallying away precious time. 

i dl (de'lijin), vod. sb. [-1NG1] The 
action of the verb Datty, q.v.: toying, trifling, 
etc.; dalliance. 

& Promp: Parv. 112 Dallynge, or halsynge, amplexus. 
1545 Brinxtow Compl. 53 Card ptm eag Try women, 
dansing, and such like. ¢ 1680 Bevertpcr Serm. (1729) I. 
470 There is no dallying with Omnipotence. 1828 Scorr 
£.M. Perth xxxiii, out at once..I am in no humour 
for dsliving. 1889 Atheneum 14 Dec. 816/3 The pleasant 
enough dallying and ‘ daffing ‘of her young people. 
Darllying, A/. a. [-1nc2.] That dallies; 
toying, trifling, etc.: see the verb. 

1 Hatt Chron. 234b, A Sapln e mete for such 
a dalyeng pastyme. rgho Baret A . F 662 A flatterer or 
—. leceiuer, adulator, 1652 CrasHaw Delights of 
Muses Poems 89 A warbling doubt Of dallying sweetness. 

Hence Da‘llyingly adv. 

15s0 Bate Jiage both Ch. u. (R.), Wher as he doth but 
dalliengly perswade, they may enforce and compel. x 
87 Foxe A. | ed (1590) 1459/t What an it.. boy 
is this etn radford], that thus stoutly and dallyinglic 
behaueth himselfe before the Queenes Counsell? 1637 
Bastwick Litany 1. 3. 

Dalmatian (delmé-fan), a. and sd, Of Dal- 
matia, the Austrian province on the eastern coast 
of the Adriatic; whence Dalmatian dog, the 
spotted coach-dog, sometimes called ‘smaller 
Danish dog’. Hence sd., A native of Dalmatia; 
a Dalmatian dog. ve 


| 


| ANCE, 


18 


be 4 Bewick Quadrupeds (ed. 8) 339 The Dalmatian, or 
Coach Dog..has been erroneously called the Danish Dog.. 
It is frequently kept in genteel houses, as an elegant atten- 
dant onacarriage. 1893 H. Davzret Diseases of Dogs (ed. 3) 
58 Dogs that travel much on hard dry roads, as Dalmatians 


often do. 
Dalmatic (delme'tik), a. and sd. [The sb. 


occurs earliest, being a. F. da/matigue (15th ¢. in 


Littré), ad. L. dalmatica, subst. use (sc. vestis) of | 


(Thence L. dalma- 


Dalmaticus adj. of Dalmatia. 
The adj. is of later 


ticatus attired in a dalmatic.) 
adaptation from L.] 

A. adj, Belonging to Dalmatia, Dalmatian. 
Dalmatic robe: a dalmatic, or a garment resem- 
bling it; so dalmatic vestment. 

1604 E. G. D’Acosta’s Hist. Indies y. xx. 384 Their 
habite and robe was a red curtin after the Dalmatike 
fashion, with tasselles belowe..They were attired in a 
Dalmatike robe of white wroght with blacke. 1634 Sir 
T. Herpert 7vav. (1638) 38 Their habit, a long coat or vest 
of white quilted Callico of the Dalmatick sort. 1722 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 6089/3 The King’s Regal Mantle, and Dalmatick 
Vestment. 1804 Anz. Rev. Il. 83/2 The deacon, standing, 
in the dalmatic vestment, bears the chalice. 1838 Rubric 
Coron. Q. Vict. in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1847) U1. 114 Then 
..the Imperial Mantle, or Dalmatic Robe, of Cloth of Gold, 
lined or furred with Ermins, is .. delivered to the Dean of 
Westminster, and by him put upon the Queen, standing. 

B. sd. An ecclesiastical vestment, with a slit on 
each side of the skirt, and wide sleeves, and marked 
with two stripes, worn in the Western Church by 
deacons and bishops on certain occasions. b. A 
similar robe worn by kings and emperors at 
coronation and other solemnities. 

Cf. Istpore Orig. xix. xxii. 9 Dalmatica vestis primum in 
Dalmatia provincia Gracie texta est, tunica sacerdotalis 
candida cum clavis ex purpura. 

©1425 WynTouN Croz. 1x. vi. 153 Wyth a prestis vestment 
hale Wyth twynykil and Dalmatyk. 1483 Caxton God. 
oe 350/t The byere was couerd with a clothe named 
dalmatyke. 1782 PriestLey Corrupt. Chr. IL. vin. 118 
Mention is made of Dalmatics for the deacons. 1844 Lin- 
GARD Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. ix. 69 The usual episcopal 
vestments, the amice..tunic and dalmatic. 185§ BrowNinc 
Misconceptions ii, The true bosom .. Meet for love’s regal 
dalmatic. 7 

+ Dalma‘tical, 2. Ols. =Datmatic a. 

1599 THYNNE Animadv. (1865) 35 The kinges dalmaticall 
garmente..was crymsone. 

[ad. Gael. dalta 


Dalt (dglt). Sc. Also dault. 
in same sense.] A foster-child. 

1775 Jounson MWestern Isl. Wks. X. 485 When he dis- 
misses his dalt, for that is the name for a fostered child. 
1828 Scorr /. A. Perth xxix, It is false of thy father’s 
child. .falsest of my dault ! 

Dalt(e, obs, pa. t. and pple. of Dear v. 

Daltonian (dgltownian), a. and sd. [f. the 
name of John Dalton, a famous English chemist 
(1766-1844), who was affected with colour-blind- 
ness : see DALTONISM.] 

A. adj. Relating to John Dalton, or the atomic 
theory first enunciated by him. 

1850 Dauseny Atom, Th, iii. (ed. 2) 108 The Daltonian 
method of notation may still be of use, just as pictorial 
representation often comes in aid of verbal description. 

B. sb. A person affected with colour-blindness. 

[First used in Fr., daltonien.] 

{1827 P. Prevost in Bib?. Univ. Sciences et Arts XXXV. 
3 De ceux qui j’ai coutume d’appeler dadtoniens.] 1841 

- WartmANN in Rep, Brit. Assoc. u. 40 There are two 
classes of Daltonians. 1881 7%es 10 Jan. 4/2 Daltonians 
of the same nature [not perceiving red]. 


Daltonism (d§'lteniz’m). [ad. F. daltonisme, 
f. as prec. 

Introduced by Prof. Pierre Prevost of Geneva, but objected 
to by English authors on the ground that it associated 
a great name with a physical defect. See Wartmann’s 

pers on ‘Daltonisme’ in Mem. Soc. Phys. de Genéve 
(i843) X. 2733; and (1849) XII. 183.) 

A name for colour-blindness; e¢sf. inability to 
distinguish between red and green. 

1841 E. WartMann in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1. 40 An incom- 
plete vision of colours which has been called Daltonisn. 
1855 J. Dixon Pract. Study Dis. Eye 26x Of all the un- 
fortunate inventions of pathological nomenclature the word 
Daltonism..seems to me the worst. 1882 Nature 23 Mar. 
493 This case of temporary daltonism for red is attributed to 

¢ fatigue of the retina for red. 

Hence Da‘ltonist = DaLronian sb. 

1879 H. T. Finck in Macm. Mag. XUI. 128/2 The 
authorities last mentioned class those only among the 
Daltonists who show .. that they cannot physically dis- 
tinguish between certain colours. 

alve, obs. pa. t. of DELVE. 

+ Daly, sb. Obs. Also dayly ; Z/. dalies, dalys, 
daleys. [Derivation unknown.] A die, or a 
knuckle-bone used as a die; also a cubical piece 
of anything, a cube, 

c1440 Promp., Parv, 112 Dayly, or pley (K. P. dal: 
Pr 5: Yr tolee, data eta Hen Vulg. pod 
280 Men play with m1 dice: and AHRE with ij dalies 
lastragalis vel talis}. Cutte this flesh into daleys [¢essed/as]. 

Daly (déli), a. rave. 2 Obs. [f. DALE sb.1 + -y.] 
Abounding in dales; of the nature of a dale. 

1523 Firzuers. Surv. iii. 3 Groundes that is bothe hylly 
and dalye. 1606 J, Ravnotps Dolarney's Print, (1880) 61 
The daly grounds in garments greene were c 

Daly(e, Dalyance, obs. ff. Datiy, Datui- 


DAM. 


Dam (deem), 54.1 Forms: 4-dam, 4-7 damme, 
5-6 dame, (6 dampne, 7 damn(e, damp, damb), 
7-8 damm. [Common Teut. = OFris. dam, dom, 
MDnu. dam(m), MLG,. and Du. dam, MHG. tam, 
mod.G. damm (from LG.), Norse dammr (14- 
15th c.), Sw., Da. dam. The earlier existence of 
the word is proved by the derivative vbs., Goth. 
Saurdammyan to stop up, OE. dgmman, OF ris. dem- 
men, MUG. temmen, Ger. dimmen: see DEM v.] 

1. A bank or barrier of earth, masonry, etc., con- 
structed across a stream to obstruct its flow and 
raise its level, so asto make it available for turning 
a mill-wheel or for other purposes ; a similar work 
constructed to confine water so as to form a pond 
or reservoir, or to protect land from being flooded. 

c 1440 Promp. Parv. 113 Dame, or hye bankys (K. dam or 
heybanck), agger. 1530 Patscr. 212/1 Damme of a myll, 
escluse. 1626 ‘I’. H[awKins] Caussin’s Holy Crt. 525 As a 
‘Torrent, which after it hath a long tyme been restrayned, 
breaketh the forced dammes, and .. drowneth the fields. 
€1630 Rispon Surv. Devon (1714) Il. 152 Whose House 
was called Hemeanton, now Weare, by Reason of certain 
Damps, which we call Weares. 1650 H. Brooke Conserv. 
Health 93 Banks and Dambs. 1632 Tennyson AZ7ller’s D. 
99 The sleepy pool above the dam, The pool beneath it 
never still, 184x Evpuinstoner //ist. nd. II, 71, 50 dams 
across rivers, to promote irrigation. 

b. The barrier constructed in a stream by beavers. 

1748 F. Smitn Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 139 The Plenty of 
Water was..owing to its being kept up by Dams, the work 
of the Beavers ; which..had also built a House on the side 
of this Creek. 1834 M:Murrrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 
89 Beavers .. keep the water at an equal height, by dams 
composed of branches of trees, mixed with clay and stones. 
1875 Wuitney Life Lang. xiv. 290 Building a particular 
style of shelter, as the beaver its dam, 

e. A causeway through fens. 

1809 CraBBE Zales, Lover's Fourney, When next appear’d 
a dam,—so call the place,—Where lies a road confined in 
narrow space..on either side Is level fen. 

ay kon 

1602 ‘Marstox «lutonio's Rev. v. iii, The States of Venice 
Like high-swoln floods drive down the muddie dammes of 
pent allegeance. 1642 Rocers Naaman 528 To keep up 
the damme of their owne consciences from breaking in upon 
them. axz71x Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 IIL. 138 
Thou down the sensual Dam dost throw, Which made me 
stagnate here below. 

2. The body of water confined by a dam or 
embankment. (Now local, Yorkshire, etc.) 

c1325 £. E. Allit. P. C. 312 pystryuande stremez..In on 
daschande dam, dryuez me ouer. @1340 HAmpoLe Psalter 
509 Pe dam of waters [guxges aguarum]). 1391 Selby Car- 
tulary (Yorks. Archzol. Soc.) I. 4 Indentura..de Stagno 
vocato le Damme [Selby Dam]. 14.. Mom. in Wr.- 
Wiilcker 736/29 Hoc stanguum,adame. c¢1530 Remedy of 
Love xxxv, Wer..All water ynke in damme or in flood. 
1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel, 11. iv. 1. i. 642 As a damme of 
water stopt in one place breaks out into another. cx 
Gatty Hunter's Hallamshire ix. 186 note, Several of the 
smaller dams at Crook’s Moor [Sheffield] were filled up in 
1839..The large dams are still made use of by the company. 
1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dam, a piece of water impounded by 
damming upa stream. 1892 Lentzner Australian Word: 
bk. 19 Dam (up-country), a pond for watering cattle. .made 
by throwing up a bank across a hollow or little gully. 

b. In south of Scotland, the stream of water from 
a weir or pond, which drives a mill; a mill-race ; 
tail-dam, a tail-race. (The dam in sense 1 is 
a ‘cauld’.) 

3. A flat land from which water is drained off and 
excluded. Zocal. 

1629 S*hertogenbosh 13 It lyeth as it were in a Myre, 
hauing on the one side a small moore or damp. 1800 in 
G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xv. (1884) 107 Tame and 
meadowed flats, here called dams, between Yarmouth and 
Norwich, producing turf, peat, furze, flag and sedge. 

4. a. Mining. A partition of boards, masonry, 
etc. in a mine to keep out water, fire, or gas. b. 
Smelting. (See quot. 1881.) ¢. Hloatingdam: + (a) 
= CAMEL 2; (0) ‘a caisson used instead of gates 
for a dry-dock’ (Smyth Sazlor’s Word-bk.). 

1706 Lond. Gaz. No. 4262/3 A Machine, termed a Float- 
ing-Damm, whereby he is capable of pi hay Satomi -over 
Shallow. 1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., Damt..the wall 
of refractory material, forming the front of the fore-hearth 
of a blast furnace. It is built on the inside of a supporting 
iron plate (dam-plate). 

5. Comb., as dam-like adj.; dam-head (S.), 
a weir or cauld on a river for diverting the water 
into a mill-race ; dam-plate, dam-stone (see quot. 
and sense 4b); +dam-shed (.S¢.), ‘a portion of 
land bordering onadam’(Jam.). See also CoFFER- 
DAM, MILL-DAM. 

1g40 Sc. Acts Fas. V (1814) 37 The dene of Logy, dame 
and damsched tharof, and thair pertinentis. 1760 Wark 
in Phil. Trans. LI1. 2 Locks and dam-heads might be raised 
--by the help of furze. 1776 ApAM Smitn W. N.1v. v. (1869) 
II. 86 As much water must run over the dam-head as if 
there was no dam at all. 1820 Scorr Monast. v, A strong 
wear or damhead, running across the river. 1881 Raymonp 
Mining Gloss., Dam-plate, the plate upon the dam-stone or 
front stone of the bottom of a blast furnace. 

Dam (dem), sb,2 Forms: 3- dam, 4-7 damme, 
6 dambe, 6-7 damm, [A variant of Damy, also 
written from 14th c. damme, retaining the short 
sound of F. a; originally used in all the senses, 
but from about the 16th ¢. differentiated.] La 


DAM, 


+1. =Dame. Obs. 

1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 11732 Dam Maud pe Mortimer. 
a1300 Cursor M. 2312 (Cott.) Melche, loth, and dam sarra. 
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 1273 Dam fortone..turnes about 
ay hir whele. ¢1382 Wycur Pref Efist. vi. 67/1 The olde 

rynge damme. c1430 Hymns Virg. 3 (Matz.) pou 
deintiest damme. 

2. A female parent (of animals, now usually of 
quadrupeds). Correlative to sire. 

1320 [see Dame 8b]. 1486 Bk. .S?. Albans E iva, A fawne 
sowkyng on his dam. 1523 Fitzners. //usd. § 68 A sandy 
colte. .neyther lyke syre nor damme. Ly Bey dence Four. 
Beasts (1673) 363 The duckling, the first day [can] swim in 
the water eh hisdam. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 216, I have 
observed the young ones of some Spiders have almost kept 
the same proportion to their Dam. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
Eclog. 1. 32 So Kids and Whelps their Sires and Dams 
express. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 25 Calves.. 
taken from the dam in a savage state. 1834 Mupie Srit. 
Birds (1841) I. 30: And when the dam [robin] leaves her 
eggs. 1870 Bryant /liad I. v. 162 Two young lions, 
nourished by their dam. — 

+b. Phr. Zhe devil and his dam; the devil’s 
dam, applied opprobriously to a woman. Obs. 

1393 Lanci. P. Pl. C. xxi. 284 Rys ragamoffyn and 
reche me alle pe barres, That belial by bele yre beot with 
py damme. Pog Bate Thre Lawes 1070 The deuyll or 

ys dam. 1, Suaxs. Com. Err. w. iii. 51 Ant. It is 
the diuell. 5S. Dro. Nay,she is worse, she is the diuels 
dam. 127 J. Stevens tr, Quevedo's Com, Wks. (1709) 350 
Such .. Sayings are a Discredit to your self. As for i 
stance..the Devil and his Dam. 1783 Arnswortu Lat, 
Dict. u, Trivenefica, a great witch, a devil’s dam. 

3. = Mother (human): usually in contempt. 

@ 1547 SuRREY Aeneid iv. 477 Ne Goddesse was thy dam 
[nec tibi Diva parens). 1606 Choice, Chance, etc. (1881) 66 
His Dad a Tinker, and his Dama Tit. 1611 Suaxs. Wint. 
7. u. iii. 94 This Brat is none of mine.. Hence with it, and 
together with the Dam, Commit them to the fire. 1801 
Wo corr (P. Pindar) 7ears & Sm. Wks. 1812 V. 55 And said, 
that George allowed his dam But thirty pounds a year. 


» SS: 

c 1540 Pilgr. T.in Thynne Aximadv. App. i. 80 As we 
be taught of the churche our dam. 1594 BarnrlieLp Af 
Sheph. u. liv, Ignorance..the Damme of Errour. 1621-51 
Burton Anat. Mel. ut. iv. 1. ii. 648 That high Priest of 
Rome, the dam of that monstrous and superstitious breed. 
1892 R. Kiptinc Barrack-r. Ballads (ed. 2) 80 What dam 
of lances brought thee forth to jest.. with Death? 

5. Comb. 

1605 SyivesterR Du Bartas u. iii. wv. Captains 1237 Dam- 
Murdering Vipers, Monsters in-humane. 1622 Boys Ws. 
936 As the carefull Dam-bird (loves] her unfeathered brood. 

Dam, 54.8 Chiefly Sc. Forms: 6 damme, 7 
dame, 9 dam. [a. F. dame lady (Dam“, Dame), 
the name of each piece in the jew de dames or 
draughts, esp. of the crowned pieces which can 
move forwards or backwards; in Ger. dame (damen- 
spiel, damspiel draughts), Du. dam (damspel 
draughts) : cf. DamBrop.] 

Each of the pieces in the game of draughts or 
checkers (ods.) ; f/. the game itself. 

App. in early times a piece, pawn, or ‘man’ in various 
games. Dame is given by Cotgrave 1611 as ‘also, a man at 
Tables or Draughts’, and dames is the name of Draughts 
in Rabelais; Florio 1598 has Ital. ‘dame, men to play at 
tables or chesse with’, 

1580 Hot.ysanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Le jeu des Merelles, 
the playe of dammes. [Cotcr. ‘Le Feu des merelles, the 
boyish game called Merills, or fiue-pennie Morris ; played 
here most commonly with stones, but in France with 
pawnes, or men made of purpose, and tearmed Merelles.’] 
1653 Urqunart Rabelais 94 (Jam.) There he played at the 
Dames or draughts. 1814 Saxon & Gael I. 94 (Jam.) After 
playing twa or three games at the dams. 1 EBSTER, 
Dam .. 3. a crowned man in the game of draughts. 1870 
Ramsay Remin. vi. (ed. 18) 246 Dams were the pieces with 
which the game of draughts was played. 

+ Dam, si.4,damp. Os. Also 6 dame. [a. 
OF. dam (also dan, domp, dant, in nom. dans, 
danz) :—L. dominus lord, used in OF. as a feudal 
title (ranking between come and baron), but com- 
monly prefixed to the name of a person by way of 
paren Lord; as a prefix = Sir, Master. Cf. 
Day. 

¢ 1300 Havelok 2468 He knew, be swike dam, Euerildel 
god was him gram. ¢ 1375 Lay Volks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 
18 Dam Ieremy [v.7”. Dane Ieremi, Saynte Ierome] was 
his name. 1506 Bury Wills (Camden) 108 Dame John 
Barkyng, pytauncer of the monasterij in Bury. 

cz Cuaucer Nun's Pr, Prol, 26 (Harl.) Wherfor sir 
monk, damp Pieres by 3our name. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes 
of Aymon ix, 199 They met wyth damp Rambault, the free 
knyght. /did. ix. 201 Damp bysshop, ye be welcom. 6d. 
xvi. 382 ‘Damp emperour’, sayd thenne the duke naymes. 

Dam (dem),v.! Forms: 6-7 damme, (damn, 
7 dambe), 7-8 damm, 6- dam. [f. Dam sé.1; 
taking the place of the etymological Dem, OE. 

wman, found in early ME. and existing dialects.] 
. trans. To furnish with a dam; to obstruct or 
confine (a stream, or water) by means of a dam. 
Usually with ~f ; also (rarely) with back, out, etc. 

1563 W. Furke Meteors (1640) 57 Wells that have beene 
dammed up. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 106 He 
had dammed up the Rivers. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. 11. 
171 Now dam the Ditches and the Floods restrain. 1850 
Lyrwt and Visit U. S. 11. 253 The Mississippi forms long 
bars of sand, which frequently unite with some part of the 
Pee ees bag y 8 aston Be. x 

ARKMAN Yesuits N. Amer, xxi. (1875) 314 beavers 
dammed a brook and formed a pond. : oo : 


14 


2. transf. and fig. To stop up, block, obstruct ; 
to shut up, confine: a. things material. 

1553 Brenpe Q. Curtius vu. iv. 132 ‘The sand in the 

laines is blowen Ropether -wherby the accustomed wayes 

damned. 1590 Greene Never too late (1600) go Hauing 
the Ouen the hotter within for that it was damd vp. 16 
Fiorio Montaigne 1. xxiv. (1632) 61 Lamps dammed _ wit 
too much oyle. 1652 Wapswortu tr. Sandoval’s Civ. Wars 
Sain 351 Don Hernande..dammed up all the doors but 
one. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 347 When a ridge of 
mountains thus dams the cloud. 

b. things immaterial. 

1582 Bentiey Mon. Matrones m1. 261 Vnthankfulnesse. . 
d h vp the fe ine of thy godlie mercie. 1 
SANDERSON 12 Serm. 522 He doth also dambe vp the mercy 
of God by his contempt. 1875 M«Laren Serm. Ser. u. iv. 
66 His love [is] too divine for us to dam it back. a 1876 
G. Dawson /mprovers of Shaks., They dammed up all 
human energy into two channels—the chapel and the shop, 

+ Dam, v.2 Obs. rare. [f. Dam 5.2] To give 
birth to (young) : said of animals. 

1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 139 Such 
[lambs] as are afterwarde dammed, are feeble and weake. 

» obs. form of Damn. 

Damacene, -yne, obs. ff. damascene, DAMSON. 

Damage (de'médz),5+. Forms: a, 4- dam- 
age; 5-8 dammage,. (6 dampnage, 6-7 dam- 
nage, 7 damadge). 8. 4-7 dommage, 5-7 
domage. [a. OF. damage (11th c. in Littré), also 
domage, daumage, demage, since 15th c. dommage 
=OSp. domage, f. OF. dam, damage, prejudice, 
loss (=Pr. dam, It. danno loss), ad. L. damnum 
loss, hurt, damage + -AGE. Cf. Pr. damnatge and 
It. dannatico on L. type *damndaticum. The ME. 
form domage, dommage is after later French; 
dam( p)nage after medL.]. 

1. Loss or detriment caused by hurt or injury 
affecting estate, condition, or circumstances. arch. 

a. (1292 Britton 1. v. §1 En despit et damage de nous 
et de noster poeple.] 1300 A. Adis. 959 The scoumfyt, and 
the damage, Feol on heom of Cartage. ¢1386 CHAUCER 
Pars. T, » 383 As moche to oure damage as to oure profit. 
1535 CoverDALEe Luke ix. 25 Though he wanne the whole 
worlde and loseth himself or runneth in dammage of himself. 
1609 Skene Reg. May. 89 The damnage and _ skaiths, 
quhilks he hes susteined be the defender, sall be taxed. 
1611 Brace Dan. vi. 2 That.. the king should haue no 
damage. 1778 C. Jonrs Hoyle’s Games Impr.21 You could 
receive no antag by playing the King the third Round. 
1851 Hussry Papal Power ii. 86 The corrupting by bribes 
of the late Legats..to the damage of S. Peter. 1877 J. D. 
Cuampers Div. Worship 141 These .. Anthems have been 
wholly omitted, to our great damage. 


| cates and men of lawe ben perilous 


DAMAGEMENT. 


nition of his fault and wrong. 
38 When the jury has assessed his damages. 1858 Lp. Sr. 
xonarvs Handy Bk. Prop. Law ii. 5 An action .. for the 
y of damages for breach of contract. 
5. slang. Cost, expense. : 
1755 Connoisseur No. 68 ® 10 ‘There’, says he, ‘there's 
our hirteen and two-pence.’ 1812 Byron Wks. 
1832) II. 179, I must pay the damage, and will thank 
to tell me the amount of the engraving. 1852 Mrs. 
: Uncle Tom's C. xiv, What's the damage, as they say 
in Kentucky..what’s to be paid out for this business ? 
Dickens Lett. 1. 409 Excellent stowage for the whole family 
«.Damage for the whole, seven hundred francs a month. 
“] Erroneously for DANGER. 
1464, Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 13 Now you bee utterly 


out jis dammage. 

Damage, v. Forms: see the sb. [a. OF. 
damagier, -er, domager, f. damage: see prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To do or cause damage to; to hurt, 
harm, cy rome now commonly to injure (a thing) 
so as to lessen or destroy its value. 

13.. [see Damacine vd/. sb.]. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) 
Dictes 106 A a in his kyngdome may be and 
hurte, and specially e thinges. 1548 HattChron. (1550) 
24 The English studied all the waies possible to dammage 
their enemies : some shot arrowes, some cast stones. 1594 
Suaks. Rich, 1//, 1. ii. 60 To stop all whose growth 
may dammage me. a1674 Ciarenvon Hist. Red. III. 45 
(R.) He .. gave him a broadside, with which he .. dinagea 
the ae 1794 Netson in Nicolas Disp. I. 492 Not my 
notice having been taken.. of my eye being damaged. 
a1859 Macauay Hist. Eng. V. 130 He missed no oppor- 
tunity of Leap Fi and er, Government. 1892 
Law Times’ Rep. UXVIL. 251/1 The Merchant Prince.. 
ran into and damaged the Catalonia. _ 

2. intr. To suffer damage or injury. rare. 

382 Crare Vill. Minstr. 1. 37 Her Sunday clothes might 
damage with the dew. 

Damageable (dz'médgab’l), 2. For forms cf. 
DaMacGE sb.; also 5 dommegeable, 6 dommagi- 
able, domagable, 6-7 damagable. [a. OF. 
damage)able, dom-, causing or bringing damage, 
f. damagier ; see prec. and -ABLE.] 

+1. Causing loss or injury; hurtful, injurious. 

1474 Caxton Chesse u. iii. (1860) Cj, The tunges of advo- 
dommegeable. 1570 
Dee Math. Przf. 45 Neither by worde, deede, or thought, 
.-damageable, or iniurious to you. 1604 Der in Hearne 
Collect, 3 Nov. 1705, That..most grievous and dammage- 


Brackstone Coniuz, 11, 


| able Sclaunder. 1636 E. Dacres tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy 


1481 Caxton Myrr.1. xiv. 45 [It] torneth contrarye to | 


B. 
them & to their dommage. 1508 Fisuer Wks. (1876) 193 
The great domage whiche we suffre by the absence of many 
of them. @161z2_ Donne BiaBavatos (1644) 124 If a pub- 
lique profit recompence my private Domage. 

2. Injury, harm; esp. physical injury to a thing, 
such as impairs its value or usefulness. 

€1374 Cuaucer Boeth 1. v. 25 Pou hast wepen for be 
damage [ed. 1560 dommage] of pi renoune pat is appaired. 
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, He was enoynted with an 
oyntment On his body that kept him from damage. c¢ 1440 
Promp. Parv. 113 Damage, or harme, damtpuum, 1577 tr. 
polar bith Decades Introd., He. .suffered all the damages 
of the body. 1637 Gittesrie Eng. Pop. Cerem. 1. ix. 50 
His answere bringeth great damnage to his owne cause. 
1639 T. pe Gray Compl. Horsem. g Lest in foling, the colt 
receive domage. 1719 De For Crusoe (1858) 353 She was 
Jeaky, and had damage in her hold. 1869 Hoox Lives Adps. 
II. ii. 94 To repair the damage done to the monastery. 

b. (with a and £/.) A loss, an injury. 

14) Matory Arthur 1. xv, Kyng Lott made grete 
dool for his dommagis & his felawes. 1577-87 Ho.insHeD 
Scot. Chron. 188 The damages & skathes committed by 
theeues and robbers. 1593 T. Watson Tears of Fancie xxiv. 
Poems (Arb.) 190 That I.. brought faire beauty to so fowle 
adomage. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ul. 55 They paid 
the said owners for all dammages committed. 1771 GoLpsm. 
Hist, Eng. 1.79 Repairing the damages whe the king- 
dom had sustained by war, 

+3. a. A disadvantage, inconvenience, trouble. 
b. A matter for regret, a misfortune, ‘a pity’. 

a 1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R.v1.i.(Tollem. MS.), Age 
hab with him many —- 1637 R. Humpnrey tr. SZ. 
Ambrose i. 15 They hol era to consist in the goods 
secular, wee reckon these for dammages. 1721 Dr For 
Col. Fack (1840) 33 ’Tis an unspeakable damage to him for 
want of his money. 

b. ¢1385 Cuaucur L.G. W. 578 Cleopatra, And of his 
deth it was ful gret d. e. ¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn 
xxii. 74 It were domage yf suche a lady .. sholde perysshe. 
rg Lossé of Rhodes in Hakluyt Voy. 11. 1. 84 Sir Francis 
de Frenolz..it was great dammage of his death, for he was 
aworthyman, 1612 SHerton Quix. 1.1, iv. 25 The Damage 
is..that I have no money here about me. 

4. Law. (Now always in j/.) The value, 
estimated in money, of something lost or withheld ; 
the sum of money claimed or adjudged to be paid 
in compensation for loss or injury sustained. 

(1430 Act 8 Hen, VI, c. 2 Le pleyntif_recovera_ses 
damages au treble vers le defendant. 1538 Starkey Eng- 
Zand 11.ii. 190 The party condemnyd. . schold euer be awardyd 
to pay costys and al other dammage cumyng to hys 
oy by the reson of the vniust sute and vexatyon.] 
1 3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII, c. 27 $36 Actions personall, 
¥ reoohe- 3 ette, 8 ye hed the s 

ourtie shillinges. x: ALL Chron. 31 For recoveryng 
damages for injuries to them wrongfully done.. ‘1631-2 Star 
Chamé. Cases (Camden) 168 He shall t fore pay soo'lto 
the King and 200! Dammage to M‘ Deane and make recog- 


I. 166 Many faults. .d g 1674 
Govt. Tongue xii. (1684) 164 I : gab! 

and infectious to the innocence of our neighbors. oi ad 
Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. ues IY ea Before it is clearly 


i. 


ble to that t 
talk 


known whether the i ion be damageable or not, the 
judge is competent to issue a prohibition to innovate until 
the point can be determined. 


2. Liable to be damaged. 
1755 Macens /usurances 11. 273 If Goods easily damage- 


| able be ina ig = 1881 J. F. Keane Six Months in Meccah 
est 


vii. 183, Much ruction..to all damageable 
Hence + Da‘mageably adv., injuriously. 
1660 Hexnam, K% lick .. Di bly, or with 


Molestation. 
e-cleere. Law. Obs. [ad. Anglo- 
Fr. damage clers for damage des clers, in med.L. 
damna clericorum ‘clerks’ costs’.] 
A fee formerly paid in the courts of Common 
Pleas, King’s Bench, and uer, in cases where 
damages were recovered: abolished in 1665. 


1665 Marvett Corr. xlviii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 183 There are 
several other Bills in hand ; as..the taking away of Damage 


cleere. 
ed (dze'médzd), Ap/. a. [f. Damace wv. 
+-ED1,]" That has suffered damage ; injured (es. 
physically). 
177t Smottett Humfph, Ci. 10 July an. 1768, Clinker. . 
unscrewed the damaged iron. 1891 Daily News 23 June 
2/3 If any sovereign or half-sovereign is more than three 
grains below the standard weight, it shall be considered 


a coin. 

Damage-feasant. Jaw. Also 7 -feasaunt, 
-faisant, 7-8-fesant. [OF . damage fesant, ¥ . dom- 
mage fatsant, doing damage, causing loss] 

Said of a stranger’s beasts, etc., found trespassing 
on a man’s ground bg ad leave, a there 
doing him damage, as by ing or otherwise. 
(Properly adj. phr.; also used as sd.) 

16ar R. Botton Stat, /rel. 191 (33 Hen. VIII), In any 

plegiare or d delivé for rentes, customes, 
services or for feasaunt or other rent or rents. 1682 
CurrHam Angler's Vade-m. x\. $18 If I leave my Angle- 
rod behind in another’s ground he may take it Damage 
feasant. 1714 Scroccs Courts-leet (ed. 3) 7 Any Thing 
distrained for Damage-feasant cannot be distrained for 
Rent. 1768 Biackstone Comm. ut. i, 111. 6. 1887 Edin. 
Rev. Jan. 77 The right of distraining animals trespassing 
and as we now say ‘damage-feasant’. 

+Damageful, cz. Os. [f. Damace sd. + -FUL.] 
Injurious, hurtful. ; oi 

Prec Refr. u. viii. 182 It unprofitable 
sot dengetal to ‘he Cristene sas Sree Hist. Gt. Brit. 
1x. e yA His ber in Ireland was more ~~ 
. LEMAN Deferred I 

wit thiate ane encher aoa oF damageful or dangerous. 
Damagement (de'médgmént). rare. [a. 
OF. damagement, {. damagier to DAMAGE.] e 
action of ing, or fact of being dam 
J. Davies Microcosmos Wks. (x76) 44(D.) The more 
ey [pleasures] are excessiuely, -more’s the soule- 


rty. 


vs'd 


DAMAGEOUS. 


and bodie’sdamagement. 1885 Pad? Mail G. 20 May's/1 If 
war has any raison d’étre at all, that must lie in the effective 
damagement of your enemy. 

Ae Di eous,@. Obs. For forms cf. DaMacE 
sb.; also § damegeous, 6 dammagious, -ius. 
[a. OF. damageus, -gious, -jos, {. damage: see 
DamaceE sb, and -ous,] Fraught with damage, 
hurtful, injurious ; causing loss or disadvantage. 

1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 364 Whan bat meynee is 
felonous and damageous to be peple. 1474 Caxton Chesse 
mt, vi, (1860) Hiij b, What synne is fowler than this synne.. 
ne more dommageous. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 
48 Lakking of thy lore is to vs a damegeous thing. 1611 
Corer. s.v. Vimaires, Fearefull or dommageous accidents. 
1637 Heywoop Royall Ship 32 All the rauenous and dam- 
mageous beasts to be destroyed through his land. 

i g (deemédzin), vé/. sb. [-ING1.] 
The action of the verb DaMAGg, q. v. 

13.. Childh. Fesus 1344 (M&tz.) Of pe liones he made 
a semblingue bifore heom withoute damagingue. 1568 
Grarton Chron. II. 93 The French king..in dammagyng. 
of king Richard, layde siege to the Castell of Aubevyle. 

Damaging, ///. a. [-1Nc 2.] That damages ; 
causing damage or injury, injurious, hurtful. 

1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. ror The 
modes of initiation are more damaging than custom-house 
oaths, 1885 Atheneum 5 Sept. 299/2 [The hedgehog’s] 
moral character. ,is the subject of damaging criticism. 

Hence Da‘magingly adv., hurtfully. 

1854 Kitto Bible [ilustr. (1867) VIII. 427 The stroke is 
usually. .inflicted damagingly to the mouth, with the heel of 
a shoe. 1868 Dazly News 7 Sept., Mr. McCarthy thinks 
the defence unassailable. To us it appears very easily and 
very damagingly assailable. 

Damaisele, obs. form of DAMSEL. : 

Damalic (dame 'lik), damolic (damg'lik), «. 
Chem, [f. Gr. Sdpadts, Sapdan heifer+1c. The 
second form is perh. short for damat-olic.] In 
damalic or damolic acid, an acid (C, H, O) dis- 
covered by Stadeler in cows’ urine. Hence 
Da'molate [-AaTE4], a salt of damolic acid. 
Damalu'ric [Uric] aczd, an acid (C, H,, O,) akin 
to damolic, and of the same origin ; its salts are 


Damalu'rates. 
1858 Tuupicnum Uvine 343 Damaluric acid produces 
recipitate in a solution of basic acetate of lead. 1863-72 
Watts Dict. Chem. I1. 301 Damaluric and Damolic acids, 
two volatile acids said to exist in cows’ and horses’ urine. 
1879 Jbid. VI. 541 The filtered solution deposits, first 
crystals of barium damolate, then the damalurate. | 
|| Daman (deman). [From the Arabic name 


elm yas daman israil, sheep or lamb of Israel.] 


The Syrian rock-badger or ‘cony’ of Scripture 
(Hyrax Syriacus); the name is also extended to 
the species found at the Cape (7. Capensis). 

1738 T. SHaw Trav. Barb. & Levant. 336 The Daman 
Israel is an Animal likewise of Mount Libanus, though 
common in other places of this Country..We have .. pre- 
sumptive Proof that this Creature is the Saphan of the 
Scriptures. 1790 Bruce 7rav. I. x. 241, I went ashore 
here [Cape Mahomet] and shot a small animal among the 
rocks, called Daman Israel or Israel’s Lamb; I do not 
know why, for it has no resemblance to the sheep kind. 
1825 Gore tr. Blumenbach’s Man, Nat. Hist. iv. 47 The 
Daman, Cape Hyrax. 1835 Kirsy Had. §& Just. Anim, 
II. xxiv. 497 The skin..is nearly naked, except in the case 
of the swine, the daman, che mammoth and some others. 

Damar: see Damar. 

Damas, obs. form of DAMASK. 


Damascene (demis?'n), a. and sé. Also 4 
damyssene, -assene, 4-7 damasene, 6-7 dama- 
scen, -sine: see also Damson. [ad. L. Dama- 
scén-us, Gr. Aayacknvds of Damascus. Cf. Ger. 
damascen.] A. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to the city of Damascus, 

(c 1386 CHaucer Monk's T. 17 Loo Adam in the feeld of 
Damyssene [= 7” agro Damasceno] With goddes owene 
fynger wroght was he.] 7543 TRaAHERON V’igo’s Chirurg. 
vt. i. Gloss., Another kynde [of viscum] is called Damascene, 
and commeth from Damasco, 16x Corcr. s.v. Damas, 
Huile de Damas, oyle Damascene. 1875 ScrivENER 
Lect. Text N. Test. 17 About the ninth century, a rough, 
brown, unsightly paper, made of cotton rags, and some- 
times called Damascene from the place where it was 
invented, crept gradually into use. 

2. Of or pertaining to damask (fabrics), or to 
the art of damascening metal ; as damascene work. 

1541 Ord. 33 Hen, VIII in Nicholls Househ. Ord. (1790) 
215 In fine Diaper, in Damasene worke. rgsoin Atheneum 
21 Oct. (1871) 520/3,.4 damascene buttons were cut off my 
lord’s gown in the privy-chamber. 1883 C. C. Perkins /taZ. 
Sculpt. 100 (Stanford) The damascene work and the foliated 
os .. challenge comparison with bronzes of any 
period. 

3. Damascene plum; see DAMSON Ic. 

B. sb. 1. A native of Damascus. 

1382 Wyc.ir 2 Cor, xi. 32 The cite of Damascenys. 

2. Damascene work; formerly applied to damask, 

1481-90 Howard Househ, Bks. (Roxb.) 285 For brynging 
of damysens from Colchester. 1553 in Rogers Agric. & 
Prices Til. 489/3 [Damascene, 6ells @ 3/]. x! ‘Mach. Mag. 
XL. 342 The damascene which appears upon the surface of 
steel is very various. 1873 Dixon 7wo ae I. v. i, 233 

an 


15 


the surface and filled in with gold orsilver. b. To 
ornament (steel) with a watered pattern, as in 

Damascus blades. 

1585-1613 [see DAMASKEEN v.]. 1848 Lytton Haro/d 11. 
ii, His arms were damascened with silver. 1880 Sat. Rev. 
No. 1302. 461 Swords beautifully damascened in gold. 

ec. transf. and fig. 

1878 Examiner 2 Mar, 283/1 These essential elements... 
are damascened upon a ground of really good story. 
189r G. Merepitu One of our Cong. xix, M. Falarique 
damascenes his sharpest smile. 

Damascened (demias7nd), fp/. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED.] Of steel and other metal-work: a. 
Inlaid with ornamental designs, gold or silver ; b. 
Having the watered pattern of dark lines charac- 
teristic of Damascus blades. 

1862 J. Grant Capt. of Guard li, The earl’s cuirass was 
of Milan steel, magnificently damascened. 1888 A thenzum 
17 Mar. 344/3 Swords..with splendid damascened hilts. 

c. transf. 

1879 Rutiey Stud. Rocks xi, 181 Damtascened.—The 
author suggests this term as a convenient one by which to 
describe the structure shown in some obsidians, in which 
streaks or threads of glass are contorted in a confused 
manner, which somewhat resembles the markings on 
Damascus sword-blades, or the damascening on gun-barrels. 

Damascener (demias7no1). [f. as prec. + 
-ER.] One who damascenes metal. 

1855 tr. Ladbarte’s Arts Mid. Ages x. 361 The damas- 
cener and the goldsmith. 1883 Harfer’s Mag. June 57/1 
Damasceners..and gun-makers are Mohammedan. 

Damascening (demisrnin), 737. 5. [-1NG1.] 
The action of the vb. DamascEnr; also the design 
or figured surface so produced. 

1860 Cornh, Mag. No.3. 271 Delightful arabesques and 
damascenings. 1880 Birpwoop /ud. Art I. 163 Damas- 
cening is the art of encrusting one metal with another .. in 
the form of wire, which by undercutting and hammering is 
thoroughly incorporated with the metal which it is intended 
to ornament, 

Damascus (dame'skis), Formerly also in 
the Ital. form Damasco. [L. Damascus, Gr. 
Aapackés, from Semitic: cf. Heb. pwmt Dam- 
meseg, Arab, (2s Dimashg, Dimeshg; thence 
Heb. pwrnt a’ meseg or a’mesheg, transl. ‘silken’ 
in Amos iii, 12 (Rev. V.).] An ancient city, the 
capital of Ccele-Syria, famous for its steel and 
its silk fabrics. Often used attrib., as Damascus 
blade (see quot. 1875), etc. ; also adso/, = Damascus 
steel, etc. 

Damascus iron: a combination of pieces of iron and 
steel welded together and rolled out, in imitation of the 
steel of Damascus. Dasmascus-twist : see quot. 

@ 1625 FietcHer Elder Bro. vy. i, A Milan hilt, and 
a Damasco blade. 1665 Str T. Herpert 7'rav. (1677) 149 
A Sword not so hooked as the Damasco. 1727-51 aereee 
BERS Cycl., Damascus-steel..remarkable for its excellent 
temper. 1830 Mech. Mag. XIV. 31 By filing semicir- 
cular grooves into both sides of the blade, and again 
subjecting it to the hammer, a_ beautiful roset-shaped 
Damascus is obtained. 1846 GREENER Sc. Gunnery 
113 On examination of ..real Damascus barrels. 1874 
Knicut Dict, Mech. s.v. Damascus-iron, The fineness of 
the Damascus depends upon the number and thickness of 
the alternations [ofiron and steel]. /bzd., Damascus-twist, 
a kind of gun-barrel made of a ribbon of Damascus-iron 
coiled around a mandrel and welded. 

+ Damasee’. Ols. Also -ysé, -esé. [A cor- 
ruption or abbreviation of damasene DaMson : cf. 
first quot. there.] =Damson, 

14.. TZ. of Erceldoune 180 (Thornton MS.) Whare frwte 
was growande gret plentee The date and als the damasee 
[v.rr. damese, damyse]. ?¢1475 Sguyr lowe Degre 36 
‘The date, also the damyse [777e larel-tre]. 

Damasin, obs. form of Damson. 

+ Damasine, 2. Ofs. =DAMASCENE. 
stne-rose; =damask rose. 

1607 Torsett Four. Beasts (1673) 430 Herbs which 
smell sweet like musk: as..the damasine-rose. 

Damask (de'misk), sd. and a. Forms: 4-7 
damaske, -asc, 4- damask; also 5 dameske, 
5-6 dammask(e, 7 damasque, -ast; Sc. 5-6 
dammas, -es, -ys, 6 domas, 7 damas, -es. 
[Prob. originally a. AngloFr. *Damasc = It. Da- 
masco, L.. Damascus proper name of the city; Littré 
and Hatzfeld have an OF. Damas of 14th c., 
whence the Sc. forms above. The French text of 
Mandeville (Roxb. Club) ch. xiv. has Damasce.] 

I. +1. The city of Damascus. Ods. 

c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 761 At damaske is Se dridde stede, 
Quer abram is bigging dede. 1377 Lana. P. Pi. B. xv. 
486 So many — ». Of Nazareth, of Nynyue, of Nep- 
talim, and maske. cx Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 32 
Thorow all dammask and liba. 1539 /uventories 49 (Jam.) 
Tapestryis.—Item, vi pece of the cietie of Dammys. 

2. attrib, =Made at or brought from Damascus, 
as damask blade, sword, etc. (see 7 below) ; damask 
cloth, silk (see 3 and 6 below) ; also the following ; 

+ Damask plum, prune=Damson. Oés. 

1543 TRAHERON Vigo’s Chirurg. 268 b/x (Stanford) Take 
of reysons..of damaske prunes. 1616 Surri. & Marku. 


Dama- 


A Spanish silversmith copied ara 

3. See Dauson. 

Damascene (demas/‘n),v. Also 9 -ine. [f. 
prec. adj.; cf. DAMASKEEN v.] trans. a. To orna- 
ment (metal-work, esf. steel) with designs incised in 


Ci ‘ry Farme 393 Damaske Plums .. are of three sorts, 

the black, red, and violet colour, 1664 Evetyn Kai, Hort. 

(t729) 210 Plums..Damasc, Denny Damasc. F 
amask powder, ?a toilet-powder scented with 


damask roses. Ods. 


DAMASK. 


1840 (cf. Damask rose below]. 1634 Althorp MS. in 
Simpkinson Washing tons \xviii, For 4 li of damaske powder 
for Gooddy Webb. 1637 Heywoop Royall King w. Wks. 
1874 VI. 70 Now farewell Gun-powder, I must change thee 
into Damask-powder. 


Damask rose, a species or variety of rose, sup- 
posed to have been originally brought from Da- 


mascus, 

Apparently, originally the Rosa gallica var. damascena, 
a tall shrub with semi-double pink or light-red (rarely white) 
flowers, cultivated in the East for attar of roses; but this 
underwent many changes under cultivation in the West, and 
the name has been very variously applied by English authors. 
According to Miller (1768) the szonthly rose, striped monthly, 
and Vork-and-Lancaster, were supposed to be varieties of 
the Damask rose. According to Fliickiger and Hanbury, 
Pharmacographia, the name is now applied at Mitcham to 
a variety of &. gallica with very deep-coloured flowers. 

c1540 Recipe in Vicary’s Anat. (1886) App. 224 Putt therto 
halfan vnce of fyne pouldre of redde dammaske rosys. 1578 
Lyte Dodoens v1. i. 655 We cal them in English, Roses of 
Prouince, and Damaske Roses. /é/d. 654 The flowers. .be 
neither redde nor white, but of a mixt colour betwixt red 
and white, almost carnation colour. 1582 Haxtuyt JZemz0- 
randa in Voy. M1. i. 165 ‘The Damaske rose [brought in] by 
Doctour Linaker, King Henry the seuenth and King 
Henry the eights Physician. 1646 J. HALL Poems 45 
Damast-roses yet unblown. 1744 C. Thompson's Trav. 
III. 13 Rose-Water made of the Damask Roses which grow 
here plentifully. 1869 Hote Bh. about Roses xi, The 
Damask [rose] with its few rich velvety-crimson petals, 
is a memory, and that is all. 

Damask violet = Dame’s Vioter. (In Ger. 


Damastblume.) 

1578 Lyte tr. Dodoens 153 In English Damaske violets, 
Dames violets or Gillofers. 1597 Grrarpe /ferball u. 
cxvi. 377 Dames Violets is called..in English Damaske 
Violets [etc.]. 186x Pratr /Vlower. Plants 1. 154. 

‘t Damask water, rose-water distilled from Da- 
mask roses. Oés. 

[1306 N. pe Tincewick in Archexol. ¥rnl. XIV. 271 Item 
proaqua rosata de Damasco.] 1519 /our Elements in Hazl. 
Dodsley 1. 44 With damask water made so well, That all 
the house thereof shall smell, As it were paradise. 1555 
KpEN Decades 224 ‘The Capitayne sprinkeled the Kynges 
with damaske water. 31611 Corcr. s.v. Damas, Ean de 
Damas, Damaske, or sweet, water (distilled from all sorts 
of odoriferous hearbs), 

II. Asa name of substances originally produced 
at Damascus. 

3. A rich silk fabric woven with elaborate designs 
and figures, often of a variety of colours. 

Also applied to figured materials of silk and wool, silk and 
cotton, or worsted or cotton only, used for furniture- 
covering, curtains, etc. ‘True damasks are wholly of silk, 
but the term is now applied to any fabric of wool, linen, or 
cotton, woven in the manner of the first damasks’ (Beck, 
Draper's Dict.). 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Storie of Thebes ut. vi, Clothes of veluet, 
Damaske and of golde. 1473 Paston Lett. No. 725 II. o1 
Anewe vestment off whyght damaske ffora dekyne. 1532-3 
Act 24 Hen, VIII, c. 13 No man, vnder the saide 
estates. .shall..weare any saten, damaske, silke, chamblet, 
or taffata. 1577tr. Bullinger’s Decades u. x. 239 A linnen 
or wollen garment doeth as well couer and become the 
Dodie, as damaskes and veluets. 1689 Lond. Gaz. No. 
2425/4, 3 Pieces of Crimson Missena Damasks, of a large 
Flower, commonly used for Beds, and Hangings of Rooms. 
c1710 C, Fiennes Diary (1888) 290 All ye bed and hangings 
are of fine damaske made of worsted. 1725 Dr For Voy. 
round World (1840) 21 A quantity of China damasks, and 
other wrought silks. 1842 BiscHorr lWoollen Manuf. 11. 
415 The draw-loom .. is now used to a very considerable 
extent in weaving carpets and figured damasks. 


b. A twilled linen fabric richly figured in the 
weaving with designs which show up by opposite 
reflexions of light from the surface; used chiefly 


for table-linen. 

1542 in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 487/3 Damask diaper 
1 yd...2/2. 1624 Willin Ripon Ch. Acts 364 One suite of 
damaske..for his table. 1696 J. F. Merchants’ Ware-ho. 
13 Damask .. is a very fine sort of .. Linnen, and is 
wrought into several sorts of fine Imagery, and Figures. .it 
is for few uses except for Table-Linnen. ‘1759 GotpsM. Bee 
No. 3 He looked at the tablecloth, and praised the figure 
of the damask. 1877 Mrs. Forrester Mignon 1. 23 The 
table is laid. “datas plate, glass, is perfect. 


4. a. Steel manufactured at Damascus ; also steel 
or a combination of iron and steel exhibiting a 
similar variegated surface: more fully damask steel. 
b. The wavy pattern on the surface of Damascus 
steel, or of iron and steel welded together and cor- 


roded with weak acid. 

1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 1297 Two knives of 
damaske, with hafts of jasper. 1844 Mech. Mag. XL. 342 
All steel which exhibits a surface figured with dark lines, 
is called damask. 1874 Kwnicut Dict. Mech. Damask- 
steel, a laminated metal of pure iron and steel, of peculiar 

uality, produced by careful heating, laborious forging, 
eating and twisting. 1881 Blackw. Mag. May 56: 
The curious product called damask-steel possesses bot! 
edge and elasticity, and all the great Eastern swords owe 
to it their celebrity. did. 568 He made some swords 
which would bend till the point touched the hilt, and 
which would also cut through an iron bar..the same two 
Seaities have never been conjoined in any other steel than 


1818 FARADAY Exp. Res. xvi. (1820) 59 The damask itself 
is merely an exhibition of crystallisation. 1844 Mech. Mag. 
XL. 342 Common steel acquires no visible damask by 
gradual refrigeration. 

5. The colour of the damask rose: esp. as seen in 
the face of a woman. 


DAMASK. 


Y. LZ. m1. v. 123 There was a pretty 
.."twas iust the difference Betwixt the 

e. 1607 — Cor. ui. i. 
Damaske in Their nicely 
1600 Fairrax Zasso uu. xxvi, Her 
1820 Keats 


1600 Suaks. A. 
rednesse = his li 
constant and mingled 
232 The Warre of White and 

wded Cheekes. 
por late, now chang’d to purest white. 
Lamia. 116 She..Blush’d a live damask. 

III. attrib. and adj. from senses under IT. But 
early examples of damask cloth, blade, etc., mean 
literally ‘ of Damascus’, and so belong to 2 above. 

6. Made of damask (silk or cloth); furnished 
with damask. 

¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xix. (1890) 6x A fayre whyte 
coue: of damaske clothe. 1609 B. Jonson Sil. Woman 
ut. i, A Damask table cloth, cost me eighteen pound. 1682 
Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 340 One fair damask linen cloth and 
a damask napkin. 1755 Mrs. Detany Let. to Mrs. Dewes 
17 Nov., Lady Anson began the last ball in a green damask 
sack. 1814 Hist. Univ. Oxford Il. 26 The dress of the 
Chancellor is of black damask silk. 1842 Tennyson A ude: 
Court 20 A damask napkin wrought with horse and hound. 

7. Made of Damascus steel; having the fine 
temper and watered surface of Damascus steel. 

cx6rr Cuaprman J/iad x. 63 By him his damask curets 
[évrea morkiAa] hung. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's 
Eromena 78 The fine edge of his damaske blade, 1820 
Farapay Exp. Res. xvi. (1859) 59 The wootz .. retains ..a 
damask surface when forged, polished, and acted upon by 
dilute acid. 

8. Of the colour of the damask rose; blush- 


coloured. 

1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. v. ii. 296 Faire Ladies .. Dismaskt, 
their damaske sweet commixture showne. 1601 — 7wel. 
N.u.iv. 115 She neuer told her loue, But let concealment 
like a worme i’ th budde Feede on her damaske cheeke. 
1842 Tennyson Day Dream Prol., While, dreaming on 
your damask cheek, The dewy sister-eyelids lay. 1861 
Mrs. H. Woop East Lynne xvi, Her pretty cheeks were 
damask with her mind’s excitement. 

+9. =DAMASKED 3 (?a misprint). 

1648 Herrick Hesper., Country Life 42 (MS. version, ed. 
Hazl. p. 457) The damaske [v. 7. damaskt] meddowes, and 
the crawling streames. 

10. Comb., as damask-coated, -coloured, 
-gowned ppl. adjs.; damask-wise adv.; + damask 
branch, a figured pattern like that of damask or 
damask-work ; so + damask-branched ///. a. ; 
damask carpet (see quot.); damask loom, a 
loom for weaving figured fabrics; damask steel 
(see 4); damask-stitch (see quot.); damask- 
work, the veining on Damascus-blades; incised 
ornamentation inlaid with gold or silver. 

1634 Preacuam Gentl. Exerc. 1. xiv. 46 Diapering ..(in 
*Damaske branches, and such like). .it chiefly serveth to 
counterfeit cloath of Gold, Silver, *Damaskbrancht, Velvet, 
Chamlet, &c., with what branch, and in what fashion you 
list. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., * Damask-carpet..a variety 
of carpet resembling the Kidderminster in the mode of 
weaving, but exposing the warp instead of the weft. 1606 
Dekker Sev. Sins 111. (Arb.) 25 The *damask-coated Cittizen. 
a 7 Drayton Noah's Flood, The *damask-colour’d dove 
..His sundry colour’d feathers, 1861 W. F. Cottier Hist. 
Eng. Lit. 135 A magnificent array of satin and *damask- 
gowned priests. 1846 McCuttocu Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 
I. 708 The *damask loom is capable of producing any figure, 
however complicated. 1882 CauLFreitp & Sawarp Dict. 
Needlework, * Damask Stitch. Aname given to Satin Stitch 
when worked upon a linen foundation. 1580 HoL_LyBaAND 
Treas. French Tong, Tailler quelque chose 4 la Damas- 
guine, to cut some thing *damaske wise. 1611 Corar., 
Damasquiner. .to flourish, carue, or ingraue Damaske-wise. 
1598 FLorio, Damaschino, *damaske worke vpon blades, 
1830 Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nts. iii, All.. The sloping of 
the moon-lit sward Was damask-work, and deep inlay Of 
braided blooms unmown. 

[f. prec. sb. By Mil- 


Damask (dz'mask), v. 
ton and Phineas Fletcher stressed dama'sk.] 

1. trans. To weave with richly-figured designs. 

[1599, etc. see DAMASKED 1.] 1706 PuiLuirs (ed. Kersey), 
Damask or Damasquine..toimprint the Figures of Flowers 
on Silk, or Stuff. 1755 Jounson, Dasask, 1. to form flowers 
upon stuffs. 

2. =DAMASCENE 7@. 

1585 T. WASHINGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie B. 1. 
xxi. 584 b, A faire basen of Copper damasked. 1653 H. 
Cocan tr. Pinto’s Voy. 159 Armed with. . Partisans damasked 
with gold and silver. 12673 Ray Yourn. Low C. (2738) Il. 
354 They damask their cymeters with a blewish colour. 
1877 W. Jonss Finger-ring L. 247 The wooden sides were 
plated with gold, and damasked with gold wire. 

3. transf. and fig. To ornament with or as with 
a big ae pattern or design ; to diaper. 

1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict., There pinks eblazed 
wide And damaskt all the earth. 1633 
Jsl, xu. i, Where various flowers damask the fi nt seat. 
1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 334 As they sat recline On the soft 
downie Bank damaskt with flours. 1744 SHENSTONE Song, 
‘O'er desert Plains’ 5 Tho’ my path were damask’d o'er Wit 
beauties e’er so fine. 1872 0. W. Hoimes Poet Break/. 7. 
i. Pigs 34 Fair pictures damasked on a re fold. 

‘o make red or blush-coloured like a damask- 


P. Fietcner Purple 


rose. 

1863 Mrs. Marsn Heathside Farm 1. 58 Cathie’s peach- 
like cheek was damasked by heat and laughter. 

5. To deface or destroy, by stamping or marking 
with lines and figures. 


673 in Stationers’ Rec. (1883), Order of Bishop of London 
to damask ‘ The jiathan’. | [bid., Order of Bi: of 
London to damask Seditious s seized at Frances Smith's, 


and to burn in the Company's garden adjoining their Hall 
the Books not fitt for damasking. 1706 PHictirs (ed. Kersey), 
Damask or Damasquine, to stamp rude Draughts on waste 


16 


Paper, etc, 1709 Act.8 Aun c. 21 Such offender or offenders 
shall forfeit such Book or Books .. to the P i or pro- 
prietors of the Copy thereof, who shall with damask 
and make wast Paper of them. 1845 Campsett Chancellors 
(1856) I. 23 The ceremony of ing or ‘damasking’ of 
the old Great Seal consists in the Sovereign giving it a gentle 
blow with a hammer, after which it is supposed to be broken, 
and has lost all its virtue. 
+6. To warm (wine): see quot. 1706. slang. 

. 1699 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Damask the Claret, Put 
aroasted Orange slasht smoking hot init. 1 PHILLIPS 
(ed, Kersey), Zo Damask Wine, is to warm it a little, in 
order cates off the edge of the Cold and make it mantle. 
1778 CuMBERLAND in Goltsmith's Wks. (1881) I. ror Wilt 
c=" steep’d in Alpine snows, Or damask’d at Silenus’ 


nose 

Damasked (de'maskt), /. a. [f. prec.] 

1. Of silk, fine linen, and other fabrics: Woven 
with richly-figured designs. 

1599 Mippteton Micro-Cynicon iii. Wks. (1886) VIII. 124 
Sitting at table.. All covered with damask’d napery. 1607 
Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1673) 206 The outward appearance 
of the said skin is like to a damaskt garment. 1866 Pail 
Mail G. 24 Oct. 4 The exports in damasked silk. 

2. Of steel or other metal ; = DAMASCENED. 

c1611 Cuapman //iad in. 345 His sword he took, and 
fasten’d it, All damask’d, underneath his arm, 1631 WEEVER 
Anc. Fun. Mon. 202 The out side was..damasked and 
embossed with wires of gold. 1820 Farapay Zxf. Res. xvi. 
(1859) 59 It is certainly true that a damasked surface ma‘ 
be Re otabed by welding together wires of iron and steel. 
1832 Bassace Econ. Manuf. xviii. (ed. 3) 167 Barrels of 
double-barrel guns, twisted and damasked. 

3. transf. Variegated ; diapered. 

1648 Eart or WestMLp. Otia Sacra (1879) 88 The Crimson 
streaks belace the Damaskt West. 1855 S1ncLETON Virgil 
I. 360 Blooming be the gates with damasked wreaths. 

4. Having the hue of the damask rose. 

¢1600 SHAKS. Sonn. cxxx, I haue seene Roses d kt, red 


| 


DAME. 


Damassin (demisin). [Deriv. of F. damas, 
Damask.] ‘A species of woven damask with gold 
and silver flowers’ (Brande Dict. Arts 1842); see 
also quot. 1882. 

I Bit trp Arts, Damassin is a Fes of Lipo 7 
wi silver flowers, woven in the wai ; 
yA tay we ns silk ine, 1882 Beex Draper's 

7 amassin, ag ap yd an ingenious modification 
of bro pee i pat by 3 ey ans in the 17th century, 
w ni jected being to s 
sure between vallees caused the mand wines which formed 
part of the fabric to appear in one unbroken and brilliant 
plate of gold or silver. 

Damaysele, , obs. forms of DAMSEL. 

Damb¢e, obs. (erron.) form of Dam, Damn. 

Dambonite (dz'mbonait). Chem. [f. dambo 
native African name + -ITE.] 

A sweet white crystalline substance (C, H, O,) 
found in a kind of caoutchouc obtained from a 
plant growing near the Gaboon in Western Africa. 

[1861 Du Cuamtu E£guat. Afr. x. 121 The caoutchouc of 
Africa is obtained froma vine (called dambo by the natives).] 
1879 Watts Dict. Chem. V1. 541 The exuded juice, coagu- 
lated by exposure to the air, is into loaves called 
by the natives ’dambo..Dambonite is white, easily soluble 
in water and in alcohol of ordinary strength, sparingly 
soluble in absolute alcohol. 

‘bose (dz'mbéus). Chem. [f. prec. + -0sE.] 
A crystallizable sugar (C; H, O,) obtained from 
dambonite. 

1879 Watts Dict. Chem. V1. 541 Dambose is a poly- 
atomic alcohol, and dambonite its methylic ether. 

Dambre: see DAMMAR. 

Dam-brod, dam-board. ‘Sv. [f. Dam s/.° 
+ Brop2, Boarp: = Du. dambord, Ger., Da. 


and white, But no such Roses see I in her cheekes. 16.. 
Wotton Farewell to Vanities, Beauty, th’ eye’s idol, [is] 
but a damask’d skin. 1652 Bentowe Theoph. 1. xxviii, 
So Roses damaskt robe, praukt with green ribbons, sents, 
5. Furnished or hung with damask. 
1861 Our English Home 134 The damasked chambers. 


+ Damaskee'n, -kin, z. and s/. Ods. Also 
6-en, -yne. [a. I. damasguin, -ine damascene, 
ad. It. damaschino, f. Damasco, Damascus. ] 

A. adj. =DAMASCENE a. 

1ggr in Strype Ecc?. Mem. 11. 1. ix. 319 Under a baron, 
no man to wear..any embroidery of gold or silver, or 
damasken work or goldsmiths work. 1585 T. WAsHINGTON 
tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie u. xxiii. 62b, Vessels of gold 
. faire painted after the Damaskin fashion. 

B. sé. A Damascus blade. 

1562 J. SHutE 7zvo Comm. ii. Ccj a (Stanford), A Scimitar 
bending lyke vnto a falchion, he was a righte damaskyne. 
1625 Purcnas Pilgrims I. 1. i. P2. 346 A Damaskeen, or 
Turkish Sword, richly garnished with Siluer and Gilt. c1645 
Howe t Lett. Chas. [ (1753) 124 No old Toledo Blades, or 
Damaskins. 

keen (deemiaski‘n),v. In 6 -kane, 6-7 
-kine, 8-9 -quine, -keen. [a. F. damasguiner, f. 
damasquin adj.: see prec.] = DAMASCENE v. 

185 ‘I. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie 1. ix. 
84 b, A litle hatchet damaskined. 1613 Purcnas Pilgrim- 
age I. xiii. (1626) 315 Cups of fine Corinthian Latten, gilded 
and damaskined. 1 Lytton Harold 1x. iii, His axe.. 
was so richly gilt and damasquined. 1863 — Cartoniana I. 
152 Only on their hardest steel did the smiths of Milan 
damaskeen the gracious phantasies. 

Hence Damaskee'ned ///. a., Damaskee‘ning 
vol. sb. 

ad Phil. Trans. X1. 715 The Persians are exquisitely 
skilful in damaskining with Vitriol. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Damaskeening, the art, or act, of adorning iron, 
steel, etc. by making incisions therein, and filling them up 
with gold or silver wire. 1882 Cornh. Mag. Feb. 171 His 
drawn sword with its beautiful damasquined blade. 

Da'masker. *ave~'. [f. Damask v. + -FR.] 
= DAMASCENER. 

1621 Canterbury ec bedian 2 Licences (MS.), Robert Wors- 


ley of St. Marys in Sandw’ch, damasker. 
Damasking (demaskin), vd/. sd. [-1NG1.] 
The action of the verb DAMASK ; es/. the damas- 


cening of metal. 
1ggt Percivaut Sf, Dict., Atauxta, damasking of a knife 
or sword. 1 . Puitus Tavernier’s Trav. v. xii, The 
Persians are excellent artists at Damasquing with vitriol, or 
engraving Damask-wise upon Swords, 1881 Blackw. Mag. 
May 567 The art of damasking (which is a very different 
matter from the damaskeening alluded to just now) has lost 
its use since swords have ceased their service. 
b. transf. (In quot. 1660 applied to the natural 
veining or ‘ marbling’ of wood.) 
r6xx Speen Hist. Gt. Brit.v. vii. 40 Their painting and 
damasking of their Bodies. 1660 Evetyn Zo Dr. Wilkins 
17 Feb., Above all conspicuous for these workes and 
damaskings, is the Maple. 
ueenery. vave—°. [a. F. damasgui- 
nerie.| The art of damascening ; damask-work. 
I Bartry (folio), Damasguenery, Steel work damas- 
keened, or the Art itself. 1775 Asn, Damasgueenery. 
|| Damasqui'ne (-skz'n). = DAMASKEEN sé. 
in WeaLe, Dict. Terms. 
l| (dima:se). [F. damassé = linge 
damassé Hatzfeld.] A kind of linen manufactured 
in Flanders, woven with flowers and figures like 
damask. 1864 in WeesTER. 
Damassen, -syn, -zeene, -zine, obs. forms of 
Damson. 


lambret, Sw. dambride, the board on which the 


| dams or jeu de dames is played.) A draught-board. 


b. attrib, Checkered. 

1 Inv. Goods of D. Steuart, Earl of Buchan (MS.), 8 
Dachosrd T[able] Cloths. 1826 J. Witson Noct. pres 
Wks. 1855 I. 124 Baith at g and the dambrod. 1870 
Ramsay Remin, v. (ed. 18) 113 [She] asked to be shown 
table-linen, a dam-brod pattern. 

Dame (déim). Also 5 Sc. deym(e, 5- Sc. deme, 
9 north. dial. deame, deeam. [a. OF. dame 
(11th c. in Littré):-earlier damme = Pr. dama, 
domna, It. donna:—L. domina \ady, mistress, fem. 
of dominus lord, master. A variant now differen- 
tiated is Dam 2.] 

I. Expressing relation or function. 

+1. A female ruler, superior or head :=‘ lady ’, 
as fem. of /ord (‘our most gracious Sovereign 
Lady, Queen Victoria’); the superior of a nunnery, 
an abbess, prioress, etc. Also fig. or transf. Obs. 

a122g Ancr. R. 428 Almihti God ..3iue ure dame his 

race, so lengre so more, ¢ Chron. Vilod. 774 When 

e [= she] was hurr’ Abbas and hurr’ Dame. c 1490 Prom. 
Parv. 113(MS. K) Dame, domina, 1594 T. B. La Primaud, 
Fr. Acad. 11. 440 Reason, which is the principal faculty 
and power of the soule. .is called of them the Dame, 
and Mistress. 1667 Mitton P, Z. 1x. 612 Sovran of 
Creatures, universal Dame. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 
11. 139 Zenobia Queen of Arabia and Dame of Antioch. 

2. The ‘lady’ of the house, the mistress of a 
household, a housewife. Now archaic or dial. 
(my dame =my wife, my ‘ missus’), or humorously 
applied to an aged housewife. 

1330 R. Brunxe Chron. Wace 13150 At Londone anober 
kyng gan wone .. Saberk pan was his name, Dame Rytula 
highte his dame. ¢1386 Cuaucer Ship. 7.356, L toke vnto 
our dame 3oure wif at home be same gold a3ein. 1483 Cath. 
Angl. ) Dame; vbia huswyfe. zeng Coveapals ‘Sa. Xxiv. 
2 The Master as the seruant, the like the _mayde. 
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Catechism Rubr., Fathers, 
mothers, maisters, and dames. 1 Bitson Govt. Christ's 
Ch. 58 any pen nee h either maid, or ap- 
prentise is called Dame: and yet Dame is as much as 
Domina and used to Ladies of greatest account, as Dame 
Isabel and Madam. 16xx Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 57 Upon 
This day, she was. . Both Dame and Seruant : Welcom’d all, 


seru'd all. im Ricwarpson Pamela III, Wii. 147 The 
Gentry love him and my Dame, and the People 
adore them. Cartyte in Emerson Zng. yj vaits Wks. 


oe] to every son 


woman, . 
b. ¢ransf. 
1632 Miron L'Adlegro 52 The cock .. stoutly struts his 
dames before. 
8. The mistress of a private elementary school for 
children. (Usually an old woman or widow.) Now 


almost Ods. . 

a@ 1649 Winturor New Eng. (1826) II. 50 He bewailed.. 
his disobedience to his parents, his slighting and despising 
their instructions and the instructions of his dame. 1850 
W. Irvine Goldsmith i, Those good old mot! dames, 
found in every village, who cluck together the callow 
brood .. to teach them their letters. 

4. At Eton: A matron who keeps a boarding- 
house for boys at the school. (Also applied to a 
man who does the same.) 

©1737 H. Watrore Let. to Montagu (185 ) 1.15 A dame. 
over the way, that has just locked in 5 1825, 
C. M. Wesrmacotr Eng. Spy 1. 52 Do bid the Dames 
of old Eton a) > = ISRAELI 1. ii, 
room in the Dame's house where we our own 
breakfast. 1886 DowpEn Life Shelley 1, 22 Hexter, . being, 


DAME. 


not only an Eton writing-master and a ‘dame’, but also 
a magistrate of the eee 

IL. Expressing rank or honour. 

5. A form of address originally used to a lady of 
rank, or a woman of position; the feminine corre- 
sponding to S%ve; =My lady, Madam: gradually 
extended to women of lower rank, and, after the 
16th c., left to these (cf. senses 2, 6c). 

ax225 Leg. Kath. 2080 Hu nu, dame, dotestu? Cwen, 
acangestu nu? a@1300 Cursor M8349 (Cott.) Dame, I did 
pe hider call, Als mi wedded wijf of all. a@ Led Floriz 
§ Bl. 56 Dame, he sede, pis hail is po ¢1386 CHAUCER 
Reeve's T. 36 Per durst no wi3t clepe hur but dame. a 1440 
Sir Eglam. 871 ‘Dame,’ he seyde to the qwene, ‘ Mekylle 
of solas have we sene.’ ¢ 1462 Wright's Chaste Wife 139 
Thus seyd the wyfe of the hows, ‘Syr, how faryth my 
swete spouse..?’ ‘Sertes, dame,’ he seyd, ‘wele’. c1470 
Henry Wadlace v. 330 A wedow thar duelt..‘ Fayr deyme’, 
he said, ‘go get sum meit forme’. 1606 Suaxs. Ant. & Cl. 
Iv. iv. 29 Fare thee well Dame, what ere becomes of me, 
This is a Soldiers Kisse, 1669 Penn Wo Cross x.§ 5 Now.. 
men of ordinary Trades in England [are called] Sir, and their 
Wives, Dame; (which is the legal Title of a Lady), or else 
Mistress. 1722 De For Cod. Yack (1840) 90 How much was 
it, dame? 

+6. Prefixed as a title to the name of a lady or 
woman of rank; = Lady, Mistress, Miss. Now 
only fig. in personifications, as Dame Fortune, 
Dame Nature. 

1300 Cursor M. 23719 (Cott.) Dame [v.7. Dam] fortune 
turnes ban hir quele. ‘c1305 Saints’ Lives in EZ. FE. P. 
(1862) 71 Tuei maidenes clene ynou hire dou3tren were also 

ame Margerie and dame Alice... Dame Mabille pe gode 
moder pis children louede ynou. cr Cuaucer Man of 
Law’s T. 151 The Emperours doghter dame Custance. 
1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sow/e 1. i. (1859) 1 The noble worthy 
lady dame Misericord. 1500-20 DunBar Lucina Schynnyng 
zt Me thocht Deme Fortoun .. Stude me beforne. 1568 
Grarton Chron. II. 119 Alexander king of Scottes maryed 
dame Jane the sister of king Henry. 1593 [see 2]. 1600 
Tuynne Emblems xiii, Dame Lais is a puritane. 1669 
A. Browne Ars Pict. (1675) 14 Dame Nature is extremely 
Various in her Representations. 

b. The legal title prefixed to the name and sur- 
name of the wife of a knight or baronet, for which 
Lady prefixed to the surname is in common use. 

1611 Patents creating baronets in Selden Titles Hon. u. 
v. § 46 Quod uxores .. gaudeant hac appellatione, videlicet 
Anglice, Lady, Madame, et Dame respective, secundum 
usum loquendi. 1614 /d7d. 11. ix. $2 By custom. .the Ladies 
that are Knights’ wives are in conveyance for the most part 
stiled Dames, and other Ladies only of greater honor, 
Ladies; which we see is a title much more frequently given 
to this sex than Lord to males. 1648 Prynne Plea for Lords 
42 Dame Alice Piers was brought before the lords. 166 
Protests Lords \. 19 Sir Edward Powell Knt. and Brt., 
and Dame Mary his wife. 1793 in J. L. Chester Westwz. 
Abbey me (1876) 452 Dame Sidney Hawkins [relict of 
a knight] died the 18th, 

ce. Prefixed to the surname of a housewife, an 
elderly matron or schoolmistress. arch. or dial. 

c1300 Havelok 558 [Grim] bar him hom to hise cleue, 
And bi-taucte him dame leue [his wife]. 1575 J. Sritt 
Gamm. Gurton Prol., Dame Chat her deare gossyp. [Also 
called ‘Goodwife Chat’, ‘Mother Chat’.] 79x Boswett 
Johnson, He was first taught to read English by Dame 
Oliver, a widow, who kept a school for young children in 
Soi ea Chapbook title. The History of Dame Trot and 

er Cat. 

7. The wife or daughter of a lord; a woman of 
rank, a lady. Now historical or poetic. 

1530 Patscr. 212/1 Dame, a lady, dame. 
Cavenpisu Life of Wolsey, Your .. 
assembled such a number of excellent fair dames. 1590 
Suaks. Aids. NV. v.i. 298[Thisbe] the fairest Dame That liu’d, 
that lou’d, that lik’d, that look’d with cheere. 1606 — 7%. 
& Cr. 1. iii. 282 Hee’l say in Troy .. The Grecian Dames 
are sun-burnt, 1630 Wapswortu Pilgr. vii. 73 They.. 
intice likewise the — Dames. 1702 Pore Sappho 17, No 
more the Lesbian dames my passion move. 1764 GoLpsm. 
Trav. 251 Dames of ancient days Have led their children 
through the mirthful maze. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 
383 Dames of high rank visited him [Claude Duval] in 
prison. 1856 Mrs. Brownine Aur, Leigh 1. 345 She had 
the low voice of your English dames. 

b. A woman in rank next below a lady: the wife 
ofa knight, squire, citizen, yeoman. arch. or dial. 

oo Llc ein Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (: 577) 20 The Ladyes 
and dames that serue you, and the gallants and Courtiers 
that attende vppon you. 1752 JoHNson Rambler No. 189 
? pe city dame who talks of her visits at great houses, 
where she happens to know the cook-maid. 1864 CapERN 
Devon Provincialism, Dame, an appellation bestowed on 
yeomen’s wives. 

ce. The title of female members of the Primrose 
‘League of the same rank as the ‘ knights’, 

7 G. S. Lane Fox Primrose League 13 The members 
of the League consist of Knights, Dames, and Associates 
(men and women). 


III. A mother; =Dam sd.2 


+8. A mother. Ods. a, of human beings. 
_@ 1228 Ancr. R. 230 Ase be moder mid hire 3unge deor- 
linge vlihd from him .. & let hit sitten one, & loken 3eorne 
abuten, & cleopien, Dame! dame! & weopen. c x2 5 in 
O. E. Misc. 190 Hire sire and hire dame preteb hire to bete. 
€ 1386 Cuaucer Mancifle’s T. 213 Thus taughte me my 
dame; My sone [etc.]. cx400 Zest. Love Prol. (1560) 
272/t In such wordes as wee learneden of our dames 
tongue. ?cx475 Sgr. lowe Degre 622 To bydde this 
chylde go sucke his dame. 1893 SHaxs. Lucr. 1477 The 
sire, the sonne, the dame and daughter die. 
b. of animals; =Dam sh.2 2. 
¢1320 R. Brunns Medit. 286 As chekenes crepyn yndyr 
Von. III. ; 


a1562 G, 


nquette, where was 


17 


be dame wyng. c¢x1400 Maunpev. (1839) xxx. 302 pei 
putten forth anon the 3onge foles and maken hem to ny3en 
after hire dames, 1 DALL, etc. Hrasm. Par. Matt. 
xxi, 100 This she asse is the dame of the fole. 1. Yonc 
Diana 219 Despoyling the harmlesse Nightingale of her 
deerest pretie ones, and the sorrowfull Dame fluttering vp 
and downe ouer their heads. 1709 Biair in Phil. Trans. 
XXVII. 63 They quit their Dame at 6 Months. 

IV. +9. The queen at chess. [= F. dame.] 
Obs. rare. 

1574 HetLowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1584) 231 Somtimes 
we were wont to play at the chesse .. and [I] cannot advise 
me that you gave me the dame. 

V. 10. Comb.,as dame-errant (xonce-wd. after 
knight-errant); dame-school, an clementary 
school for children kept by a dame. 

1852 Miss Yonce Cameos (1877) II. xxxiii. 338 Henry 
received her with the courtesy due to a distressed dame- 
errant, 182x Mar. Epcrewortu Seguel to Rosamond I. 
65 The name of this ‘tiny play’ .. ‘The Dame-school 
Holiday.’ 1876 Granr Burgh Sch, Scotl. u. xvi. 527 
Dame schools’ .have..ceased to exist in Scotland. 

Dame, obs. f. Dam sd.1 and 4, and Damn. 

Damegeous, var. DaMacEous Oés., injurious. 

Dameisele, damesel(le, obs. ff. DAMSEL. 

Dames, obs. form of DAMASK. 

Damesé, var. of DaAMASEE Ods., damson. 

Damesene, obs. form of Damson. 

Dameship (déi-mfip). nonce-wad. [f. DAME 5d. 
+-sHip.] The office or position of a dame. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 1. 1. viii, He shall have..a 
Dameship of the Palace for his niece. 

Dameson, -yn, obs. forms of DAMSon. 

Dame’s-violet. [A transl. of the Latin name 
in the old herbalists, Vzo/a matronalis, or of its 
equivalents. The form damas or damask violet 
appears to have been a corruption.] A popular 
name of the common Garden Rocket, /esfer?s 
matronalis; by Lyte called also Dame’s Gilliflower. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens u. v. 153 Of Dames violets or Gilo- 
floures .. These floures be now called in Latine Violx 
Matronales [so in Turner 1562]: in English Damaske 
violets, Dames violets or Gillofers, and Rogues gillofers ; 
in French Violettes de Dames; in base Almaigne Mast- 
bloemen, and after the Latine name they call it Joncfrouwen 
vilieren, which may be Englished Dames violets. 1597 
GerarvE Herbal u. cxvi. § 1. 
Queenes Gilloflowers. 1688 R. Home Armoury u. 74/1 
‘The double Dame Violet groweth many together in a 
knot. 1886 Pall MallG.8Oct. 5/1 The sweet smell of the 
purple dame’s-violet. 

Damicel, obs. form of DAMSEL. 

Damie (démi). Sc. [f. Dame + -1n, -y dim, 
suffix.] A diminutive or pet form of Dame. 

1789 Burns To Dr. Blacklock v, Ye glaiket, gleesome, 
dainty damies [the Muses]. 

Damisel, -en, obs. ff. DAMSEL, Damson. 

|| Dammar (dee'ma1). Also (?5 dambre), 7-9 
damar, 8-9 dammer. [a. Malay damar resin, 
whence the botanical genus Dammara (N.O. Coni- 

Jere), the typical species of which, D. orientalis, 
yields the resin in Amboyna and the Moluccas.] 

The name of various resins obtained from different 
trees growing in the East Indies, New Guinea, and 
New Zealand ; esf. the cat’s-eye resin (Z. Jndia 
Dammar) from Dammara orientalis, used instead 
of pitch for caulking ships, etc., and the Kauri-gum 
from D. australis of New Zealand ; both these are 
used for making varnish. White Dammar, or 
Dammar Pitch, is obtained from Vateria indica; 
Black Dammar from Canarium strictum. (Also 
D -cum, Da -resin, Gum Dammar.) 

[c 1440 Secrees 165 A dragme and a half of good muske, 
& a dragme of dambre, and pre dragmes of be tree of 
aloes.] 1698 Fryer Acc. E. /udia & P. 37 The..Planks 
are sowed together... and calked with Dammar (a sort 
of Rosin taken out of the sea). 1727 A. HAMILTON 
New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxxviii. 73 Damar, a Gum that 
is used for making Pitch and Tar for the Use of Shipping. 
1805 Trans. Soc, Encourag. Arts XXIII. 412 Resins.. 
called _dammer in India.. the produce of various trees. 
1892 R. Kietinc Barrack-r. Ballads 130 He has taken 
my bale of dammer and spice I won beyond the seas. 

|| Da‘mmara. Zot. [See prec.] A genus of 
trees yielding dammar. Also aftrib., as dammara 
resin, Hence in Chem. Da‘mmaran, a neutral 
resin, and Dammarric ac7d, constituents of dam- 
mar. Da'‘mmarin, Da‘mmarol, Da’mmarone, 
Da‘mmaryl, chemical derivatives of dammar. 

* 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. Il. 301 Dammara_ resin, 
Australian. .consists of an acid resin, dammaric acid, an 
a neutral resin, dammaran. 

+Da‘mmaret. Os. Also damouret. [ad. F. 
dameret ‘an effeminate fondling or fond carpet 
knight’ (Cotgr.) ; deriv. of dame lady.] A ladies’ 
man: ‘one that spends his whole time in the 
entertaining or courting of women’ (Cotgr.). 

1635 Drumm. or Hawtu. Commend. Verses to Person’s 
Varieties, The Lawyer here may learne Divinity The 
Divine, Lawes .. The Dammaret respectively to fight, The 
Duellist to court a Mistresse right. a1649 — Fam. Epist. 
Wks. (1711) 145 Place me with a damouret..if I praise him 
in the presence of his mistress, he will be ready to perform 
like duties to me. 

Dammas, -aske, obs, forms of DAMASK. 


376 Dames Violets or | 


DAMN. 


Dammasin, obs. form of Damson. 

Damme (demi). Also 7 dammee, 
dammy. 

1, zt. Shortened form of Damn me! used as a 
profane imprecation. 

c 1645 Howett Lett. (1650) I. 237 My Lord Powis.. 
said, dammy if ever he come to be King of England, I 
will turn rebel. 1652 Zotal Rout in Commw. Ballads 
(Percy Soc.) 132 Hee’s not a gentleman that wears a sword, 
And fears to swear dammee at every word. 179t Wotcotr 
(P. Pindar) Magpie §& Robin Wks. 1812 II. 476 Damme is it 
you? 1848 THackeray Van. Fair lv, Tandyman wouldn’t 
pay: no, dammy, he wouldn't pay. 

2. assb, a. The oath itself, or its utterance. 

1775 SHERIDAN Rivals m1. iv, Let me begin with a damme. 
1823 Byron Yvan x1. xliii, And yet the British ‘ Damme’s’ 
rather Attic. 

+b. transf. A person addicted to using this 
oath ; a profane swearer. Also +damme-boy. Obs. 

1618 Mynsnut Zss. Prison 45 Though he steale his 
band of tenne thousand Dam-mees. @1658 CLEVELAND (N.), 
Punks and dammy-boys. 1662 NewcomEe Diary (Chetham 
Soc.) 52 The ranting dammees of y° nation. 1674 Cotton 
Contpl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 335 A grand-jury 
of dammees. 

+3. attrib. or adj. Obs. 

1660 H. Apis Fannaticks Mite *iijb, That multitude of 
dammy and debauched Baudy-houses. 

Damme, obs. form of Dam, Day. 


Dammed (demd), ff/. a. [f. Dam v.1+-ED.] 
Furnished with a dam; obstructed or confined by 
a dam (usually with 2). 

1664 DryDEN /nd. Queen iw.i, Like dammed-up streams. 
1879 ATCHERLEY Boérland 97 This race was intended to 
bring water from a dammed creek. 

Dammer (dma), sd, [f Dam v.) + -ER 1] 
One who constructs dams. 

1816 Scotr Ax/zg. xxiii, Auld George Glen the dammer 
and sinker. 

+ Da‘mmer, v. Obs. rave. [Cf Ger. diimmern 
to become dim, to dim.] To make dim or dark. 

1610 HoLtanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 649 So greate a 
mercate towne and faire withall that .. it dammereth and 
dimmeth the light in some sort of Radnor. 

Dammer, var. Damar, resin. 

Dammegs, -ys, obs. Sc. ff. DAMASK. 

Damming (de'min), 77. sb. [1nc1.] The 
action of the verb Daw!; obstructing or confining 
by adam. (Also with 2.) 

1802 Prayrair (lusty. Hutton. Th. 353 The damming 
up of those rivers. 1861 HuGues 7om Brown at Ox/. 
xvii. (1889) 162 A small brook .. with careful damming is 
made to turn a mill. 

Damunisel, obs. form of DAMSEL. 

Da'mmish, v. Sc. Also daimish. [Possibly 
a variant of DamMacE; OF. had damachier beside 
damagier, But cf. Ger. damisch stupil.] 

+1. trans. To stun, stupefy. Ods. 

@1598 Rottock Ox the Passion (1616) 38 (Jam.) As 
a man who falls downe from an high place ..lyes without 
sense, and is dammished with the fall. 1722 Woprow //7s¢. 
Sug? Ch. Scot. 11. 25 He was perfectly dammished with 
the stroke. 

2. To bruise the surface of (an apple or similar 
fruit) by a knock. 

In south of Scotland (daimish). 

Dammosen, obs. form of Damson. 

Damn (dem), v. Forms: 3-6 dampne, (4 
dempne, damp), 4-7 damne, (5 dame, 5-6 
damme, 5-7 dam, 7 damb), 7- damn. [a. OF. 
dampne-r, damne-r, ad. L. damnare, dampnire, 
orig. to inflict damage or loss upon, to condemn, 
doom to punishment ; taken early into F. in legal 
and theological use. Cf. Pr. dampnar, It.damnare.] 

+1. trans. To pronounce adverse judgement on, 
affirm to be guilty; to give judicial sentence 
against ; = CONDEMN I (in part), 2. Ods. 

@1300 Cursor M. 13756 (Cott.), I damp pe not quar-so pou 
far, But go nu forth and sin na mar. 1382 Wycuir Zohn 
viii. ro Womman, wher ben thei that accusiden thee? no 
man dampnede thee. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol. 387 
It is no maysterye for a lord To dampne a man with-oute 
answere. 1440 J. SHirtey Dethe K. ¥ames (1818) 23 This 
same Erle of Athetelles was endited, arreyned, and dampned. 
i Caxton G. de la Tour N iij, Ye hadde made hym to 
be dacsnoed and destroyed withoute cause. 1495, 1551 [see 
Damnep 1]. 

+b. To condemn /o a particular penalty or fate ; 
to doom; =CoNnDEMN 3, 6. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 20888 (Gitt.) Bat ananias and his wijf 
For suilk he dampned paim of lijf. c13z0 R. BRuNNE 
Medit. 556 Pylat..dampnede his Lorde to dye on the croys. 
c 10 Towneley Myst. 209 Pylate, do after us, And dam to 
deth Jesus. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 382/2, ii. thousand 

ple cristen which had been longe there dampned for to 
few the marble. 1557 A. Arthur (Copland) vin. ii, So 
she was dampned by the assent of the barons to be brente. 
1559 Mirr. Mag., Tresilian xvii, I poore Tresilyan..was 
dampned to the galowes. 1611 Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit. v1. 
xlviil. 168 Let the Edict be dambd to eternal silence. 1734 
Pore Ess. Man 1. 284 See Cromwell damned to everlasting 
fame. 1872 Biackmore Mazd of Sk. (1881) 69, I will take 
it as a separate case, and damn the country in the fees. 

+2. Toadjudge and pronounce (a thing, practice, 

etc.) to be bad; to adjudge or declare forfeited, 

unfit for use, invalid, or illegal; to denounce or 
3 


7-9 


DAMN. 


annul authoritatively ; to Conpemy. Ods. exc. as 
in b, or as associated with other senses. 

1386 Cuaucer MWife's ig OE For hadde God co- 
maundid maydenhede, ‘Than he dampnyd_ weddyng 
with the dede. 1387 Trevisa Hi (Rolls) VIII. 289 
Kyng Edward dampned sodeynliche fals money pat was 
slyliche i-brou3t up. 1483 Ricu. III in Ellis Orig. Lett. m. 
xlii. 1. ro5 Damnyn, oad utterly distroying all the stamps 
and Irons. 1556 Chron. Grey Friars (Camden) 20 And 
also there [Paul’s Cross].. ware many bokes of eryses.. 
damnydand brent be fore hysface. 1635 Pacitr Christianogr. 
mt. (1 iy 40 A Councell, in which Image-worshippe was 
damn 1676 Wycuertey Pl. Dealer Prol., And with 
faint praises one another damn [cf. Pope Pro/. Sat, 200). 
1 Sneawooe Mem. (ed. 3) 231 All the Charters in the 
Hingdors were damn’d in the space of a Term or two. 1797 
Gopwin Enguirer u1, vii. 266 We should [not] totally damn 
a man’s character for a few faults. 1868 G. Durr Pol. 
Surv. 9 An assembly..gathered together for the express 
purpose of damning modern civilization. 

b. spec. To condemn (a literary work, usually 
a play) as a failure; to condemn by public expres- 
sion of disapproval. 

1654 WuitLock Zootomia 254 We glosse him with Invec- 
tives, or damne the whole Book for Erratas. 1696 tr. Dit 
Mont’s Voy. Levant Avij, The Book must be damn'd for 
the Clownishness of the Author. 1749 Fietpinc 7om Jones 
xut. xi, A new play, at which two large parties met, the one 
to damn, and the other to applaud. 1791 BosweLt Yohnson 
an. 1777, A comedy by Mr. Hugh Kelly, which..in the 
play-house phrase, was damned. 1860 J. P. Kennepy W. 
Wirt 1. xx. 309 The ordeal of facing the authorship of a play 
that has been damned. ; 

+e. Used by Coverdale as a rendering of Heb. 


DNA to devote to destruction. Obs. 


1535 CovERDALE Josh. vi. 18 Howbeit this cite, & all 
that is therin, shalbe damned vnto the Lorde..Onely be- 
warre of it that is damned, lest ye damne youre selues (yf ye 
take ought of it which is damned). /éid. xi. 11 He..smote 
all the soules that were therin with the edge of the swerde, 
and damned it..& damned Hasor with fyre. 

3. transf. To bring condemnation upon; to prove 
a curse to, be the ruin of. 

1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 68 The wikked werkes 
dampne and distroye the good. 16rx SHaks. Cyd, 111. iv. 
76 Hence vile Instrument, Thou shalt not damne my hand. 
1607 — Timon WwW. iii. 165. 1691 T. H[ace] New /uvent, 
p. Ixxxiii, He would damn all Patents that damned the 
River. 1728 Younc Love Fame iii. (1757) 101 Who borrow 
much..And damn it with improvements of their own. 1848 
Lp. G. Bentinck in Croker Papers III. xxv. 165 The 
Budget has damned the Whig Government in the country. 
1893 Publishers’ Circular 3 June 623/1 Chapman’s. .remark- 
able preface. .if written by a modern author would at once 
damn his book, 

4. Theol. To doom to eternal punishment in the 
world to come; to condemn to hell. 

©1325 Metr. Hom, 112 Sain Jon hafd gret pite That slic 
a child suld dampned be. ar Hampote Psalter i. 6 
Wicked sall noght rise.. for to deme, bot for to be demed 
and dampned. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E ij, He 
wold pray god for hym that he myght knowe whether she 
was dampned or saued. a1533 Lp. Berners Huon xlv. 
151 Haue pyte of your owne soule, the whiche shal be 
dampnyd in hell. 1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 101 
You damne all to the fire, and to Hell, that any way differ 
from you. 1727 Swirt 7o Very Young Lady, Some people 
take more pains to be damned, than it would cost them to 
be saved. 1870 M. Conway Earthw. Pilgr. xxiii, 270 He 
had rather be damned with Plato than saved with those 
who anathematised him. : 

b. transf. To cause or occasion the eternal 
damnation of. 

1340 Ayend. 115 He is mansla3te and him-zelue damnep ase 
zayp pe wrytinge. 1377 Lanor. P. P/. B. x1. 92 Ri3t so 
goddes body bretheren but it be worthily taken, Dampneth 
vs atte daye of dome. c1440 York Myst. xviii. 161 Pe 
dedis pat vs schall dame be-dene. 1547 Bautpwin Mor. 
Philos. 11. iii, The iustice of God and their owne desertes 
damne them vnto euerlasting death. 1658 Whole Duty Max 
xvi. § 1. 127 Some..make it their only comfort, that their 
enemies will damn themselves by it. @1703 Burkitt On 
N. T., Luke i. 66 ’Tis..the contempt and neglect of the 
sacrament that damns, 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. 
(ed. 2) III. xv. 235 You have the power to damn yourself. 

+c. In passive sense: =e damned. Obs. rare. 
16xr Beaum. & FL. Philaster w. ii, Cle. Sir, shall I lie? 
King. Yes, lie and damn, rather than tell me that. 1625 
Massincer New Way u. i, So he serve My purpose, let 
him hang or damn, I care not. 

5. Used profanely (chiefly in optative, and often 
with no subject expressed) in imprecations and 
exclamations, expressing emphatic objurgation or 
reprehension of a person or thing, or sometimes 
merely an outburst of irritation or impatience, 
(Now very often printed ‘d——n’ or ‘d——’, in 
pa. pple. ‘d—d’.) 

(r4gy Joan or Arc in De Barante Ducs de Bourgogne vi. 
I 6 - — {les anglais] cent roe e = de 
plus qu’a présent, ils n’auront pas ce royaume.] 1 appe 
w. Hatchet (1844) 16 Hang a spawne towne it; alls one, 
damne it! 1605 Suaks. Aacé, vy. iii. 11 The diuell damne 
thee blacke, thou cream-fac’d Loone, 1633 T. Starrorp 
Pac. Hib, vi, (1821) 292 His owne manifold Letters. .(full of 
God damne him). 1709 Steer 7'atler No, 13 1 Call the 
Chairmen: Damn 'em, I warrant they are at the Ale-house 
already! 275r SmMotterr Per. Pick. viii, I'll be d——d if 
ever I cross the back of a horse again. 1815 Scott Guy M. 
xxxvi, Then take broadswords and be d——d to you. 
Dickens 7°. two Cities 1. ii, One pull more and you're at the 
top, and be damned to you, Tuackeray 2% mis 
xxvii, D— it, I love you: I am your old father. 

6. To ey wegen damnation upon; to curse, swear 
at (using the word ‘damn’). Also aédso/. 


18 


1624 Massincer Parl. Love 1. v, If you have travelled 
Italy, and brought home Some remnants of the language, 
and can.. est, and swear, and damn. 1665 DrypreN 
Indian Emp. Epil., Their proper business is to damn the 
Dutch. 1796 StepmMan Surinam I, vii. 135 Insulted by 
a row-boat, which damned him, and spoke of the whole crew 


in the most brious terms. 1848 Macavray //ist. 
Eng. (1871) I. xiii. 49 The dragoons. .cursing and damning 
him, themselves, each other, at every second word. 


Damn (dem), sb. [f. prec. vb. 

(The conjecture that, in sense 2, the word is the Hindi dam, 
dawm, an ancient copper coin, of which 1600 went to a rupee 
(see Yule), is ingenious, but has no basis in fact.)] 

1. The utterance of the word damn’ as a profane 
imprecation. 

1619 Fretcuer M. Thomas u. ii, Rack a maids tender 
ears, with dam’s and Devils. 1719 De For Crusoe (1850) 
II. 460 ‘ What ! he no hear you curse, swear, speak de great 
damn?’ 19775 SHeripan Rivais u1.i, Ay, ay, the best terms 
will grow obsolete. Damns have had their day. 1849 
THACKERAY Pendennis \xvii, How many damns and curses 
have you given me, along with my wages? 1877 Besant & 
Rice Son of Vulc.1. xii, That (oath] once discharged, he 
relapsed. .into numerous commonplace damns. 3 

2. Used vaguely (in unconventional speech) in 
phrases not worth a damn, not to care a damn. 
(Cf. Curse 5d. 2%.) 

1760 Gotpso. Cit. W. xlvi, Not that I care three damns 
what figure I may cut. 1817 Byron Diary Wks. (1846) 
423/1 A wrong..system, not worth a damn. 1827 Scott 
¥rni. (1890) 11. 22 Boring some one who did not care a d— 
about the matter, so to speak. 1849 Macautay Life § Lett. 
(1883) II. 257 How they settle the matter I care not, as the 
Duke [of Wellington] says, one twopenny damn. 

Damne, obs. (erron.) form of Dam. 

Damnability (demnsbille). [fnext.] Quality 
of being damnable; liability to damnation. 

1 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 438/1 The damnabilitie 
belonging to the mortall offence. 1648 Be. Durra Angels 
Rejotc. 19 It may bring adamnability (as the Schoole speakes', 
but not damnation, 1845 CARLYLE Cromwell I. iv. 72 Which 
in that time meant temporal and eternal Damnability. 

Damnable (dz ‘mnab’l), a. Also 4-6 damp- 
nable. [a. F. damnable, in 12-13th c. dampnadble, 
ad. L. dam(p)ndbilis, f. damnare: see DAMN.] 

+1. Worthy of condemnation ; to be reprobated ; 
highly reprehensible, Ods. (or merged in 2, 4.) 

¢1380 Wycur Se/. Wks. III. 341 Myche more ben pei 
dampnable pat letten Goddis lawe toshyne. 1509 BARCLAY 
Shyp of Folys 123 Than it iasmeyeus in erth no game is 
more damnable. 1634 Prynne Documents agst. Prynne 
(Camden) 21 For a man to endeavour to defraude the Kinge 
of this treasure is a most damnable offence. 1841 EMERSON 
Lect., Conservative Wks, (Bohn) II. 268, I observe that there 
is a jealousy of the newest, and that the seceder from the 
seceder is as damnable as the pope himself. 
+b. Liable to judicial condemnation. Ods. rare. 
¢1460 Towneley Myst. 193 Sir Cayphas, bi my wytt, he 
shuld be dampnabille. : . 

2. Subject to divine condemnation; liable to or 
worthy of damnation. 

1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3768 Pys synne ys nat 
dampnable But hyt be seyde custummable. a 1340 HAMPOLE 
Psalter xvii. 25 be ynes of dampnabil men. 1532 More 
Confut. Tindale Wks. 475/2 The contrarye beliefe per- 
tayneth to the damnacion of our soules, if heresye be 
damnable, 1614 H. Greenwoop yf Delivery 468 O what 
must poore lamentable damnable I doe to be saved. 1751 
Smottett Per. Pic. xxxvi, Those enthusiasts who look 
upon every schism from the established articles of faith as 
damnable. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. U1. 1366 
Who makes us damnable. .of his own will. 

+38. Causing loss or harm ; hurtful, pernicious. 
Obs. rare. 

c1420 Pallad, on Hush. 1. 181 Yf thi wey be foule, it is 
dampnable. 1659 B. Harris Parival's [ron Age 108 A most 
damnable Victory to the House of Austria. 

+b. Causing damnation. Ods. rare. 

— Hieron Serm. (1634) 185 The mercy of God, if it 
bee rightly applyed, there is nothing more comfortable ; if 
it be al . there is nothing more damnable. 

4. As a strong expression of angry dislike (or 
merely as a strong intensive): Fit to be ‘damned’; 
‘damned’, ‘confounded’. (Now regarded as vulgar 
or profane.) 

1594 Sir J. Harincton in Nuge Antig. (1804) 1. 167, I will 
wiles damnable storie, and put it in pce) viens: about 
Lord ——. 1596 Suaks. 1 en. /V,1, ii. 101 O, thou hast damn- 
ableiteration. 1606 — 7%. § Cr. v. i. 29 Thou damnable box 
ofenuy thou. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IIT. 347 
This isadamnable Shame. 1843 Lyrron Last Barons x. vi, 
That damnable wizard and his witch child. 1880 Mars. 
Forrester Koy & V. II. 143 That blackguard has been 
telling his damnable lies to you. 

+B, as adv. Damnably, execrably; also as 
a strong intensive. Ods, 

r6rz Suaks. Wint, 7. m. ii. 188 That did but shew thee 
..inconstant, And damnable ingratefull. 1668 Davenantr 
Man's the Master Wks. (1673) 352 She's damnable hand- 
som! 1678 BuNyAN te i 1, 152 After he went to the iron 

ate [of Doubting Castle] .. but that lock went damnable 
a yet the key did open it. 1712-35 ArsuTHNoT John 
Bull . xv. (1755) 29 They are damnable greedy of the pence. 

Da‘mnableness. [f. prec. + -nxss.] The 
quality of being damnable. 

1638 Cnittincw. Relig. Prot. Answ. to Pref. § 29 The 
question being of the Damnableness of Error. 

bly (deemnabli), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-LY2,] In a damnable manner. 
+1. So as to deserve or incur damnation. Ods. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer J/e/ib. ? 860 Cursedly and dampnably we 


DAMNATORY. 
han ygilt a3eii lordship. Act ted 4 
ygilt a3zeinst 3oure gret ip. 1552 Ac: 2 and 


Vi,c1r§1A te nombre of People. .do 
dam os yne and refuse to come to their Parishe 
Churches. it Cert. Relig. 1. 149 It is 


granted, that the invisible Church cannot erre damnably. 

Eyee2y Toca Lt, Nat. (1852) Il. 64 He should make 
damnably wicked as fast as he can. 

2. In a ‘ damnable’ way, execrably, confoundedly ; 

sometimes merely as a strong intensive. (Now con- 


sidered vulgar or 
1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. IV, w. ii. 14, I haue mis-vs’d the 
Kings Presse d bly. D Wild Gallant 1. i, 


I was drunk; damnab! with ale. 1687 ConcREVE 
Old Bach. 1. i, I find I am damnably in love. € 3753 in 
Hanway 7,rav. (1762) 417, 1 hate the dutch most damnably. 
1843 Dickens Left, (1880) I. 87 The bitterness of hearing 
those infernally and damnably old times extolled. 

Damnage, obs. form of DaMacE, 

Damnation (demnd@‘fon). Also 3-6 damp- 
nacion, -oun, etc. [a. k. damnation, in 12th c. 
dampnation, -acion, ad. L. dam( p)nation-em, n. of 
action f. damnare: see DAMN v. 

+1. The action of condemning, or fact of being 
condemned (by judicial sentence, etc.) ; condemna- 
tion. Ods. exc. as in b. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 15472(Cott.) pis traitur. . pat bus his suete 
lauerd soght vn-to Fate gph Wren Lene xxiii. 
40 Nethir thou dredist God, that thou art in the same 
dampnacioun? 1 More Ox the Passion Wks. 1276/1 
Her offspring.. not .. fallen in dampnacion of death. 
1639 Laub ib eile ig Senay 7 In a council .. Pope Alex- 
ander III cond 1 Peter Lombard of heresy, and he lay 
under that damnation for thirty and six years. 

b. The bacon, § of a play, etc. by publicly ex- 
pressed disapprova 

1742 Fievpinc ¥. Andrews ut. x, Don't lay the damnation 
of your play to my account. 1800 Lams Let. to Manning 
16 het = in the lobby i diately after the d 
1806 H. Sippons Maid, Wife, 


tion of the Professor's play. 


| etc. II. 147 The fatal cough, well known to authors as the 


sure forerunner of dramatic damnation. 

2. Theol. Condemnation to eternal punishment 
in the world to come; the fact of being damned, or 
doomed to hell; spiritual ruin; perdition. (Op- 
posed to salvation.) 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 16455 (Cott.) Pai ches paim-self dampna- 
cion.. And brocht vs til saluacion. cx Hampote Prose 
Tr. (1866) 7 Sentence of dampnacyone fielle one me. ¢ 1420 
Chron. Vilod. 193 Pat his sowle was sauyd from — 
cyon. 1541 Barnes Ws. (1573) 241/2 Hee woulde haue hell 
or euerlasting dampnation to hys rewarde. 1616 R. C. 
Times Whistle vi. 2481 Whose concupiscence, Like thine, 
deservde black helles damnation. en 4 Mitton P, LZ. 1. 215 
That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on_ himself 
damnation. 1719 Younc Revenge v. ii, So Lucifer broke 
into Paradise, And soon damnation follow'd. 1869 W. P. 
Mackay Grace & Truth (1875) 243 You are, O sinner, on 
the edge of eternal damnation. 

b. Cause or occasion of damnation or ruin ; sin 
incurring or deserving damnation. 

31377 Lanat. P. PZ. B. xt. 89 Goddes body. .is. .deth and 
Py oe en Ra or cys yuel. 1386 Cuaucer 

tfe’s T. 211 y love?’ ie, ‘nay, hay, my dampna- 
cioun’, 1596 Suaxs. J: 4 “Twer demagtion 
t 


‘o thinke so base a 


8. In profane use: @. as an imprecation, or ex- 
clamation of emphatic objurgation. 

1604 Suaks. Oth, tit. iii. 396 Death, and damnation. Oh ! 
1709 Steete Zatler No. 137 P2 (He] invokes Hell and 
Damnation at the Breaking of a Glass. 1747, Gentl. Mag. 
XVII. 46 The ensign more than once drank ‘ Damnation to 
all Scotchmen!’ 1836 Marryar MMidsh. Easy xii. 39 
‘ Damnation !’ cried the master, who was mad with rage. 

b. as adj. or adv. = Degeet e's rh 

Luoyp Satyr & Pi ‘cet. . 5 wit 
wit metaphors pos ihe bold, And tell’s you he’s par ha 
cold; Perhaps, that the self-same wit’s dam- 
nation hot. 1772 Ann. Reg. 2 Cam! e! 
once did all thy sons O’er tea ion hot, make danin'd 
odd puns. Marryat J, Violet xxxvi He would have 
the lives of the Frenchman and his nation horse. 

\|4. Roman Law. [tr. L. damnatio, with reference 
to damnas condemned, sentenced, bound to make 
a gift or contribution.] (See quot.) 

Mutrneap Uépian xxiv. § 11 a, The most advanta 
form of legacy is that by damnation. 1880— Gaius 
528 A legacy by damnation... was one in which the testator 

an obligation on his heir to give to the the 
thing bequeathed, and which afforded the latter a 
claim against the heir, but no real right in the 
uest, 
be pmtoenie 
iLosM. Life of Nash (Glo! -) 
Ba: he and I 2 tig wach at pied gl oe we both 
studied damnationly hard. 

Damnatory (de'mnitori), a. [ad. L. damna- 
tori-us, {. damnator-em, agent-n. from damnare : 
see DAMN v.] 

1. Conveying condemnation ; condemnatory. 

1682 Case Prot. Eng. 7 The S -is not pretended 
to be damnatory., 1817 bcuxmoax Biog. ta FE xxi. 118, 


of 


I do not arraign the keenness or asperi damnatory 
style. 1884 Pall Mail G. 11 Dec, 3/1 No who knows 
Dean Burgon will be surprised to find that his view of these 
changes is entirely damnatory. 2 

b. Occasioning condemnation; damning or 


ruinous in effect. 


DAMNED. 


1858 J. B. Norton Yofics 157 It was either a sneer or 
a most damnatory admission. 1862 W. M. Rossertr in 
Fraser's Mag. Tul 7o It is a fatal weakness in art, more 
damnatory by far than even the tendency to ungainliness. 

2. 7heol. Containing or uttering a sentence of 
damnation ; gonsigning to damnation ; damning. 

I 38 Near Hist. Purit. 1V. 617 Athanasius’s creed being 
dich ed by reason of the damnatory clauses. 1838 ARNOLD 
Let. in Stanley Life & Corr. (1844) IL. viii. 122, I do not 
believe the damnatory clauses in the Athanasian Creed 
under any qualification given of them. 1882-3 ScHarr 
Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 204/2 Nor was the absence of 
baptism damnatory. 

ence Da‘mnatorily adv. 

1892 J. Bartow /rish /dylls iv. 79 Somewhat damnatorily 
faint praise. 

Damned (demd, vet. de'mnéd), Zp/. a. [f. 
Damn v, +-ED 1] 

+1. Condemned, judicially sentenced. Ods. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 113 Dampnyd, dampuatus. 1495 
Acti Hen. VIT,c. 48§ 2 Felons, fugitif, outlawed, convicte 
and dampned persones. 1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. 
1. (Arb.) 49 Condempned to be common laborers..In some 
partes. .these seruing men (for so be these dampned persons 
called) do no common worke. 1616 Brent tr. Savpi's Hist. 
Counc. Trent (1676) 442 To shew what Books did contain 
damned or Apocryphal Doctrine. 182r Lams Zia Ser. 1. 
Witches, The reveries of the cell-damned murderer. 

b. Condemned by publicly expressed disapproval, 
as a play, etc.: also ¢ramsf. of an author. 

1708 Pore Let. to Cromwell 10 May, Damnation follows 
death in other men, But your damn’d Poet lives and writes 
agen. 1710 /did.17 May, I am, it must be own’d..dead in 
a poetical Capacity, as a damn’d Author. 

2. Theol. Doomed to or undergoing eternal pun- 
ishment ; condemned or consigned to hell. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 189 O dampned man to helle. 1508 
Fisuer Wks. (1876) 20 The dampned spyrytes. 1590 SHAks. 
Mids, N. ui, ii. 382 Damned spirits all, That in crosse-waies 
and flouds haue buriall. 1667 Mitton P. Z. u. 482 For 
neither do the spirits damn’d Lose all their virtue. 188z 
Rossetti Ballads §& Sonn., Rose Mary u. 43 Full well bath 
i A aasae found its goal, O thou dead body and damnéd 
soul, 

b. adsol. as sb. pl. The souls in hell, ‘the lost’. 
?x Communyc. C ij, The payne .. That dampned_ haue 
in hell. 16x0 SHaxs, Tem. 1. il, It was a torment To lay 
upon the damn’d._ 1651 Hospes Leviath. ut. xxxviii. 242 
‘The place of the Damned. 1827 Pottox Course 7. v, In 
dreadful apparition, saw before His vision pass the shadows 
of the damned. 

e. See quot. (Cf. F. dme damnée.) 

a1791 Grose Olio, Grumbler viii. (1796) 30 Men who attend 
at the Custom house, under the denomination of Damned 
Souls, in order, for a certain fee, to sware out any goods 
whatsoever for the merchants. 

+3. Lying under, or worthy of, a curse ; accursed, 
damnable, execrable. Odés. exc. as in 4, or as a con- 
scious extension of 2. 

I Nowe t in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 493 Filthy 
and dampned Mahomet, the deceiver of the world. 1603 
Knoiies Hist. Turks (1621) 48 A damned writing was 
subscribed by the young emperour her son. 1605 SHAks. 
Macb. v. i. 39 Out damned spot: out I say. 1667 Sir R. 
Moray in Lauderdale Papers (1885) II. lv. 88 There is a 
Damned book come hither from beyond sea called Naphtali, 
or the Wrestlings of the Church of Scotland. 1 Wot- 
cort (P. Pindar) Ode to Burke Wks. 1812 III. 35 What Bat- 
like Demon, with the damn’dest spite, Springs on thy fame. 
1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) I. xix. 174 And so, though 
even God forgive, On earth a damned existence live. 

4, Used profanely as a strong expression of repre- 
hension or dislike, or as a mere intensive. Now 
usually printed ‘d d’. 

1 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. v. i. 122 Where is that damned 
villaine Tranio? 1664 Butter Hzd. u. ii. 832 And streight 
another with his Flambeaux, Gave Ralpho’s o’er the eyes 
a damn’d blow. 1749 Fietpinc Jom Yones xvi. ii, It is 
a d——d lie, I never offered him anything. 1830 Gatt 
Lawrie T. (1849) u.i. 42 The pigs may do their damnedst 
with me. 1848 THackeray Vax. Fair lv, You would be 
a d—— fool not to take the place. 

b. as adv. Damnably. 

1757 Luoyp Satyr §& Pedlar Poet. Wks. I. 57 Damn’d’s 
the superlative degree ; Means that alone and nothing more 
.-Examples we may find enough, Damn’d high, damn’d 
low, damn’d fine, denxe stuff 1768 Foote Devil on 
2 Sticks 1. Wks. 1799 II. 25 How damn'd hot itis! 1848 
Tuacxeray Van. Fair xiii, I believe she’s d——d fond of me. 

Hence + Da‘mnedly adv. 

1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. um. vi, Sup. Fell it out so 
accursedly? Amb, Sodamnedly? 1675 R. Heap Art of 
Wheedling 186 He mortgages a Soul to the Devil, by 
swearing damnedly there is not a cleaner piece of Wine 
between Aldgate and Westminster. 

+ Damnement, dampne-. Oés. vare. [a. OF. 
dam(p)nement, f. dam( p)ner.] Damnation. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xv. x, Cleopatra..shal be .. 
deceyved of her folysshe empryse unto shame and to dampne- 
ment. 

Damner (dma). [f. DAMN z. + -ER 1,] One 
who damns : see the verb. 

as Power of Keys v. 120 Hindred from being damners 
of other men, 1695 Hickertncitt Wks. (1716) 1, 337 Fewer 
Swearers and Cursers and Damners. 1743 Garrick Lethe 
1, I wasa great damner [of plays] myself, Letore Iwas damn’d. 
1852 T. Parker in Life §& Corr. I. 150 Damnation is of no 
advantage to the damned, only to the damner. 

+ Da‘mnifiable, ¢. Os. rare. [f. Damnrry + 
-ABLE (here in active sense).] Injurious, hurtful, 
detrimental. 

1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. v. 21 To provide for them- 


19 


selues all those thinges that are profitable, and to avoyde all 
those things which are damnifieable, : 

Damuni'fic, z. Ols.—° [ad. L. dammnific-us, 
obs. F. damnifique, £. damnum loss, injury + -ficus 
-making, -doing: see -Fic.] Causing damage or 
loss ; injurious. 

1727 Batey vol. II, Dasnifick, that bringeth damage .. 
endamaging. [Hence in Jounson and mod. Dicts.] ; 

cation (dze:mnifika:fon). [n. of action 
from DAMNIFY : see-ATION.] The action of damni- 
fying ; infliction of injury or loss. (Now only in 
legal use.) 

1628 Donne Sern. Fohn xiv. 26 Not onely disestimation 
in this world, and damnification here, but damnation in the 
next world. 1798 Datias Amer. Law Rep. 11. 167 Putting 
the obligee in danger of being arrested _is a damnification. 
31875 Poste Gaius iv. Comm. (ed. 2) 623 Grievous damnifica- 
tion (Zaesio) occasioned by some exceptional condition. 

Damnify (de'mnifsi), v. Also 6-8 dampn-. 
[a. OF. damnifier (in 14th c. damnefier, dampni-), 
ad. L. damnificare (in Itala), to injure, f. damnz- 

Jfic-us hurtful, injurious : see Damyiric and -FyY.] 

1. ¢rans. To cause injury, loss, or inconvenience 
to; to injure, damage, hurt ; to inflict injury upon, 
to wrong. (Very common in 17th c.; now rave.) 
a. in estate, condition, or circumstances. (Now 
chiefly in legal use.) 

1s1z Act 4 Hex. VIII, c. 19 § 10 That no persone be..in 
any wyse greved or dampnifyed by reason of any certificate. . 
excepte onely for rate and taxe beforeseid. 1574 HELLowEs 
Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1584) 225 The Judge is more damni- 
fied in his fame, than the suiter in his goods. 1614 T. 
Apams in Spurgeon Zreas. Dav. Ps. x.g A money-man 
may not be damnified, but he may be damned. 1654 Gay- 
ton Pleas. Notes 1. ii. 181 Who could damnify her, who 
had nothing to lose, not so much as credit? 1737 Wuiston 
Fosephus Antig. xt. vi. §5 That the King might not be 
damnified by the loss of the tributes. 1891 Laz 7ees XC. 
460/2 Induced by a fraudulent prospectus to make con- 
tracts whereby he was damnified. 5 

+b. To injure physically or bodily. Ods. 

1862 G. CavenpisH Wolsey (1893) 229 The cross .. fall- 

ng uppon Mayster Bonner’s hed..whiche was dampnefied 
hy the overthroweng of the crosse. 1612 WoopaLi Surg. 
Mate Wks. (1653) 11 You are sure either to break them [the 
teeth] or to damnifie the jaw bone. 1712 M. Rocers Voy. 
300 Their Masts and Rigging being much damnified. 1812 
J. SmytuH Pract. Customs (1821) 208 Hemp-seed and Lin- 
seed, bad, mixed, or damnified. | 

+e. To inflict injury upon in war. Oés. 

1598 Barrer Theor. Warres v. i. 123 Forts..placed..in 
such partes as may most damnifie the enemy. 1653 H. 
Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. \xiv. 261 The besieged were there- 
with mightily damnified. : 

+2. With double object: To subject (a person, 
etc.) to the loss of (so much money or property) ; 
to injure to a specified extent. Ods. 

1578 A. Parckuurst in Hakluyt Voy. III. 134 To grant me 
leave to stay here so much of their goods as they haue damni- 
fiedmee. 1631 Star Cham. Cases (Camden) 63 St Cornelius 
hath been damnifyed hereby more than 2o000!i, x7ar Sv. 
German's Doctor & Stud. 188, 1 think him bound to give 
restitution. .of all that they be damnified by it. 

+3. To cause the loss of, bring to destruction or 
ruin. Ods. 

1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus i. 9 Satans kingdome shall 
be destroyed and damnified. c1645 HoweLy Le?z. 1. iv. 
(1892) 561 A most mischievous design that would have 
damnified not only his own soul, but destroyed the Party 
against whom it was intended. 1693 Lurrrete Brief Rel. 
(1857) III, 232 The privateers and other ships were haled 
a shore within the land, and were damnifyed. 

+ 4. absol. To do injury. Obs. 

1621 ArnswortH Axnot. Pentat. Ex. xxi. 28 Every living 
creature which is in the power of man, if it shall damnifie, 
the owners are bound to pay for it. 

+5. intr. (in passive sense): To become dam- 
aged ; to spoil. Ods. 

171z_E, Cooxe Voy. S. Sea 312 Our Goods .. would 
damnify staying so long. 

Hence Da‘mnified f#/. a., Da‘mnifying vé/. sd. 
and ffl. a. 

1545 Act 37 Hen. VIIT, c.6§1 A newe..kind of Vice, 
Displeasure, and dampnifienge of the Kings true Subjects. 
1616 Surrt. & Marku. Country Farme 192 They that 
would haue them [Melons] grow vpon beds, as lesse damni- 
fying. 1» Locke Govt. u. ii. §2 The damnified Person 
has this Power of appropriating to himself the Goods or 
Service of the Offender. 1780 Banff Burgh Rec. in Cra- 
mond Axx. Banff (1843) Il. 233, 1400 pounds of damni- 
fied teas. 1893 Ldin. Rev. July 61 Our author discredits 
all stories concerning him ..which would be damnifying. 

Damning (de'min), vé/. sd. [-1NG 1.] 

1. The action of the verb Day, q. v. ; condemna- 
tion ; damnation. 

¢1400 Aol. Loll. iii. 17 To tak pe sentence of daming. 
Tbid. xvii. 6x Vndur syn, bondage, nor damping. c1400 
Rom. Rose 6645 He etith his owne dampnyng. 1 
Wycuer.ey in Ph he Lett. (1735) I. 32 "Tis my infalliole 
Pope has, or would redeem me from a poetical Damning. 

2. Profane swearing: cf. DaMN v. 6. 

1679 T. Sipen Hist. Sevarites u. 16 Take heed of swear- 
ing, cursing, or damning. 172t De For Col. ¥ack (1840) 
198, I heard a great deal of swearing and damning. 

3. A ‘company’ of jurors. Ods. 
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b, A Dampnyng of Jurrouris. 
(dze’min, deemnin), pf/. a. [-ING 2.] 

1, That damns ; that brings damnation. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. iii. 185 To take a sewing 
periured oath. 1795 SoutHEy Foan of Arc mu. 508 Suc 


DAMP. 


a look..As shall one day, with damning eloquence, Against 
the oppressor plead! 1803 ‘1. Beppors Hygéia x. 78 Are- 
ligion full of damning dogmas. 1882 A. B. Bruce Parad. 
Teaching of Christ 11. viii. (1891) 384 That the supreme virtue 
is love, and that the damning sin is selfish inhumanity. 

b. In passive sense: Incurring damnation. 
Obs. rare. (Cf. DAMN v. 4c.) 

1655 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm. (1669) 283/2 [They] are so 
cruell to their dying damning souls, that they turn Christ 
their Physician out of doors. - ‘ 

2. That leads to or occasions condemnation or 
tuin. (Cf. DAMN z. 3.) 

1798 Cooke in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 421 We 
took up the two Shears to-day, with damning papers. 1844 
DisrakELi Coningsby vi. i, Without which..the statesman, 
the orator, the author, all alike feel the damning conscious- 
ness of being charlatans. fi 

3. Addicted to profane swearing. 

1667 Perys Diary 14 June, The most debauched, damning, 
swearing rogues that ever were in the Navy. 

Hence Da‘mningly adv., Da‘mningness. 

1709 CHANDLER Effort agst. Bigotry 32 No Party of 
Protestants is so in the Right .. that the other be damn- 
ingly wrong. 1645 Hammonp Pract. Catech. 1. § 3. 85 For 
the emptinesse and damningnesse of them [sins]. 

Damno’'se, @. Obs.—° [ad. L. damnos-us : 
see next.] Hurtful. So + Damnorsity, hurtful- 
ness. 1727 Baitey vol. II. 

Damnous (demnas), a Law. [ad. L. dam- 
nos-us, f.damnum hurt, harm, damage: see -ous.] 
Of the nature of a damnum, i.e. causing loss or 
damage of any kind, whether involving a legal 
wrong (27jury) or not. Hence Da‘mnously adv. 

1870 Sir J. Mettor in Law Rep. 5 Exch. 249 All the 
injurious or damnous consequences .. resulted from an act 
done on the land of the owner. 1884 Lp. Biacksurn in 
Law Times Rep. LI. 146/1 They have injuriously, as 
distinguished from damnously, affected the plaintiff’s rights. 

Damocles (de mokliz). [L. from Gr.] Proper 
name, occurring in the expression sword of Damo- 
cles, Damocles’ sword, used by simile of an imminent 
danger,which may at any moment descend upon one. 

Damocles, a flatterer, having extolled the happiness of 
Dionysius tyrant of Syracuse, was placed by him at a ban- 
quet with a sword suspended over his head by a hair, to 
impress upon him the perilous nature of that happiness. 

Hence Damocle‘an a., of or as of Damocles 
(evvon. Damoclesian). 

1747 Scheme Equip. Men of War 58 Hanging over our 
Heads, like Damocles Sword. 1892 Law Times XCII. 
213/1 Little do directors and their companies know of this 
sword of Damocles that hangs over them. 

1888 Jvice (N. Y.) 12 Apr., This curse hangs over their 
homes, like a Damoclesian sword. ‘ 

|| Damoiseau (de-mizo). Obs. or arch. [a. OF. 
damotseau, earlier damei-, damt-, damotsel:—L. 
dominicellus ; the masculine corresp. to damoisel, 
DamMseEL.] A young man of gentle birth, not yet 
made a knight. (Occurring in 15th c. translations 
from French, and in modern archaists. ) 

€1477 Caxton Yason 5 The damoiseau Jason. ¢ 1500 
Melusine 125 ‘Two yong & fayre damoyseaulx brethren. . 
‘Frende’, said the damoyselle, ‘be they so fayre damoy- 
seaux as ye say?’ 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1.1. 194 So 
thou, O damoiseau, must wait; Tie up thine horse anigh 
the gate. 1872 E. W. Ropertson “ist. Ess. 190 ‘The 
aspirant for knighthood was supposed to pass his life be- 
tween 7 and 14 as a page .. figuring during the next 7 years 
as a Damoiseau or Esquire. 

Damoisel, -elle, etc., obs. forms of DAMSEL. 

Damolic, see Damatic (acid). 

Damosel, -zel: see DAMSEL. 

Damosin, -zin, obs. forms of DAmson. 

Damouret, var. of DAMMARET. 

Damourite (damii'rsit). Jz. [Named by 
Delesse 1845 after the F. chemist Damour.] A 
hydrous potash mica, with pearly lustre, occurring 
in small yellowish scales. 

1846 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. u. I. 120 Damourite, anew 
mineral, 1879 RutLey Stud. Rocks x. 134 Damourite and 
Sericite are hydrous potash micas usually occurring in scaly 

regates, 

amp (demp), s.1 In 5 domp. [Corresponds 
with MLG. and mod.Du. and Da. damp vapour, 
steam, smoke, mod.Icel. dampr steam, MHG. 
dampf, tampf, mod.Ger. dampf vapour, steam ; 
cf. also Sw.damé dust. The word is not known 
in the earlier stages of the languages, and its 
history in Eng. before its appearance in 1480 is 
unknown ; it is difficult to conceive of its haying 
come down from OE. times without appearing in 
writing. See Damp v.] 

+1. An exhalation, a vapour or gas, of a noxious 
kind. Ods. exc. as in b. 

1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. Ixxv. 58 After this dragon shal 
come a goot and ther shal come oute of his nostrel a domp 
that shal betoken honger and grete deth of peple. 157’ 
B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. é 586) 8b, The Fennes an 
Marshes, in the heate of the yeere, doo send foorth pestilent 
and deadly dampes. 1586 Cocan Haven Health 243 (The 
Plague) All infected ina manner at one instant by reason 
of a dampe or miste which arose within the Castle yeard. 
1606 Dekker Sev. Sinnes vit. (Arb.) 47 What rotten 
stenches, and contagious damps would strike vp into thy 
nosthrils? 1662 J. BarGrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 121 
It [the Catacombs] is a horrid place to go into and 
dangerous, for fear of damps. 1744 BERKELEY Séris § 144 

=2 


DAMP. 


In poi: damps or wherein flame cannot be 
kindled, as is evident in the Grotto del Cane near Naples. 

1774 Gotpsm. Vat. Hist. a VIII. 31 Exposed .. to the 
damps and exhalations of the earth. W. Irvine 7. 
Trav. 1. 52 The mode of keeping out the ps of ditch- 
water by burnt brandy. _ 

b. spec. in coal mines: (@) = CHOKE-DAMP ; 
also called black damp, and suffocating damp. (>) 
= Frire-pDamp, formerly /i/minating damp. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 375 We see Lights will go out in the 
Damps of Mines. 1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 44 The Colliers .. 
retired immediately and saved themselves from the erup- 
tions of the Damp. wee W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 97 
A sulphureous damp..which by the flame of a candle.. 
might very probably take fire. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. 
Earth w. (1723) 227 One is called the Suffocating, the other 
the Fulminating Damp. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotd. in 1772, 
50 The damp or Lng f vapour was conveyed through pipes to 
the open air, and formed a terrible illumination. ¢ 1790 
Imison Sch. Arti. 106 Air that has lost its vivifying spirit 
is called damp..The dreadful effects of damps are known 
to such as work in mines. 1836 Scenes of Commerce 
334 The miners..also meet with foul air, called by them 
the black damp .. which suffocates the instant it is in- 
haled. 

Jig. a1592 H. Suitn Wes. (1866) 1. 367 The remembrance 
of death is like a damp, which puts out all the lights of 
pleasure. 1642 Vind. King i, An open Presse to cleere 
every imagination which is not stifled in this Dampe. 

+3. Visible vapour ; fog, mist. Ods. 

(This being usually humid gives rise to the sense of 
* moisture ’ In 3.) 

160r Suaxs. Ad/’s Well u. i. 166 Ere twice in murke and 
occidentall dampe Moist Hesperus hath quench’d her 
sleepy Lampe. 1739 Lavy M. W. Montacu Le?¢t. III. 8, 
I have lost all my bad symptoms, and am ready to think I 
could even bear the damps of London. 
Th. ii. 688 While rising vapours, and descending shades, 
With damps and darkness drown the spacious vale. 1808 
J. Bartow Columb. 11. 654 Thou darkening sky Deepen 
thy damps, the fiend of death is nigh. 

Jig. 1625 Donne 37d Serm. Fohni.8 Yet there is a damp 
or a cloud of uncharitableness. 1751 SMotLett Per. Pic. 
(1779) III. Ixxxi. 182 He hangs like a damp upon society, 
and may be properly called kill-joy. 1827 Pottok Course 
T. u1, Sin, with cold, consumptive breath, Involved it still 
in clouds of mortal damp. : 

3. Moisture (diffused through the air as vapour, 
or through a solid substance, or condensed upon 
a surface); dampness, humidity. (The ordinary 


current sense. ) 


1742 YounG Ni.- | 


[1586 Cocan Haven Health ccxli, The coldnesse of stones | 


of the earth are both verie hurtfull to our 
Pui.uirs (ed. Kersey), Damp, Moisture, Wet- 
ness. 1758 Jounson /dlery No. 11 P 10 He..may set at de- 
fiance the morning mist and the evening damp. 1806 Surr 
Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) U1. 66 We keep fires in all the 
rooms by turns, so that no damp has come to the tapestry. 
1838 Lytton Alice 1. vi, Mrs. Merton, who was afraid of 
the damp, preferred staying within. 1875 Jevons J/oney 
xi. 129 To corrode by exposure to air or damp. 

b. with f/. (Usually more concrete in sense.) 
[1577 Gooce Heresbach's Husb. 1, (1586) 42b, Howe so 
ever the Barne be, you must place it as hie as you may, 
least = corne be* spoyled with moysture or dampes.] 
1721 R. Braviey Wks. Nat. 166 An Hygrometer in the 
.. Conservatory, by which we might regulate the over 
Moisture or Damps in the Air of the House. 1797 Mrs. 
Ravcuirre /talian xxvi, Cold damps which hung upon his 
forehead betrayed the agony of his mind. 1839 Loner. 
Voices of Nt., L’Envoi., Amid the chills and damps Of the 
vast plain where death encamps. 1858 HAwTHoRNE /*. & 
id, Jenks. I. 120 Covered with damps, which collected and 
fell upon us in occasional drops. 

e. slang. A drink, a ‘wetting’. (Damp v. 5 b.) 

1837 Dickens Pickw. xxvii, We'll just give ourselves a 
damp, Sammy. Bie 
+4. A dazed or stupefied condition ; loss of con- 
sciousness or vitality, stupor. Ods. (Cf. Damp z. 2.) 

1542 Brecon David's Harp 150b, He was in a trauns, 
that is to say in a dampe, a stupour, abashement, and 
soden privacion of sence or fealyng. 1552 Hutort, Traunce 
or dampe, ecstasis. 1667 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 
140 [It did] strike him into a damp, and being carried 
thence in a chaire to his chamber, died the next day. 
1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1. 293 Adam by this from the cold 
sudden damp Recovering, and _ his scatterd spirits returnd. 
1711 Vind. Sacheverell 94 He..struck a damp upon 

{hig]gliJsm, and laid it in a State of Death. 1712 Av- 
pison Sfect. No. 538 P 3, I felt a general Damp and 
a Faintness all over me. 

5. A state of dejection ; depression of spirits. 

1606 G, W[oopcocke] tr. ¥ustin 22a, Their heartes were 
stricken into a great dampe, and were so discouraged, that 
[etc.]. 1647 CLtarenvon //ist, Red. v.(1702) 1. 550 He found 
a great damp upon the spirit of the Governour. 1 
R. L'Estrance FYosephus’ Antig. x. xii, (1733) 2 The 
Dread of this Decree, put all People into a general Damp 
and Silence. 1760 /mpostors Detected 1. 13 [This] put 
a sudden damp to their zeal, 1838 Prescorr Ferd. § /s. 
(1846) I. ix. 398 This news struck a damp into the hearts of 
the ilians. 1840 Browninc Sordedlo v. 433 This idle 
damp Befits not. 

6. A check, discouragement. 

1587 Greene Carde of Fancie Wks. 1882 IV. 59 To 
driue him more into doleful dumps shee returned him this 
bes 1642 Cuas. I Decay. 12 Aug. 18 Such a dampe 
of Trade in the Citie. 1680-90 Tempe Zss. Pop, Dis- 
contents Wks. 1731 I. 268 Some little Damps would be 
given to that pestilent Humour and general Mistake. 
x769 Burke Observ. Late State Nation 1842 I. 3 
‘Those accidents that cast an occasional damp w - le. 

en Pp 


1832 Hr. Martineau Life in Wilds vi. 70 Asi 
see to be cast over all the plans. 

7. Comb., as +damp-hole (sense 1), -sheet (see 
quot. 1881); damp-proof, -worn (sense 3) adjs. ; 


and the dam 
bodies.) 1 


20 


damp-course, /vop. damp-proof course, fa 
course of some impermeable material laid on the 
foundation walls of a building a short distance 
above the level of the outside soil, to iat the 
damp from rising up the walls’ (Gwilt). ; 
1601 HoLtanp Pliny 1. 41 Which dampe holes breathing 
out a deadly aire. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. M1. xviii. 5 
The time and damp-worn monuments. 1881 Raymonp 
Mining 
te-road to and turn 
1884 Health ms Sanitary 
Stoneware of every description, including .. air-bricks, 
damp-proof course. 1890 A. WuiTLEGcE Hygiene vi. 150 
A‘ p-course’ must be provided, that is a continuous 
2 earthenware, slate, or other 


an air-current. 


horizontal course of glaze 
impervious material. 
, 56.2 Variant of Dam sd.4 


Dame (demp),a. [f. Damp sd.] 
+1. Of the nature of, or belonging to, a ‘damp’ 
or noxious exhalation: see Damp sd. 1. Ods. 

164 Mitton Comus 470 Such are those thick and gloomy 
shadows damp Oft seen in charnel vaults and ulchres. 
1671 — Samson 8 The air, imprison’d also, close and 
damp, Unwholesome draught. 1733 Sir J. Lowrner Damp 
Air in Coal-pit in Phil. Trans. XXXVIII. 112 It is to 
be observed that this sort of Vapour, or damp Air, will 
not take Fire except by Flame. : 

+2. Affected with or showing stupefaction or de- 
pression of spirits ; dazed, stupefied. Ods. or arch. 

1 Greene Never too date Canzone, An object twice 
as bright, So gorgeous as my senses all were damp 
[rime lamp]. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1.523 With looks Down 
cast and pag Ibid. v. 65 Mee damp horror _chil'd. 
1697 Drypen Virg. Aineid v1. 85 The trembling Trojans 
hear, O're-spread with a damp sweat and holy fear. 1 
J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 473 Murky doubts an 
damp short-sightedness. 1855 THACKERAY Newcomes liv, 
The dinner was rather a damp entertainment. 

3. Slightly wet as with steam, suspended vapour, 
dew, or mist; holding water in suspension or absorp- 
tion; moist, humid. (The ordinary current sense.) 

1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), To Damp, to make damp, 
or moist. 1735 BERKELEY ) aged ad § 412 A cold, damp, 
sordid habitation, in the midst of a bleak country. 1748 
F. Smitu Voy. Disc. N. W. Pass. 1. 21 The Weather.. 
disagreeably damp from the great Wetting of the Fog. 
1874 Kincs.ey Le?t. (1878) II. 429 We have come out of 
intense winter into damp spring. Mod. A cold caught by 
sleeping in a damp bed. 

Damp (demp), v. [f. Dampsd. ; frequent from 
c1550. Ger. dampfen, Du. dampen, also go back 
to the 16thc.; in Ger. a causal dempfen appears to 
go back to OHG. (demphan:—*dampian). For 
dampped in Allit. Poems B. 989, see Dump.] 

1. ¢rans. To affect with ‘damp’, to stifle, choke, 
extinguish; to dull, deaden (fire, sound, etc.). 
Also fig. 

1564 tr. Yewel's Apol. Ch. Eng. iv. (Parker Soc.) 82 
Their own matter is damped, and destroyed in the word 
of God as if it were in poison [i veneno extingui vident 
et suffocari}. 1 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. \xni. § 2 An 
euill moral disposition ..dampeth the very light of heauenly 
illumination. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 14g, All shutting in of 
Air, where there is no competent Vent, dampeth the 
Sound. 1637 Suircey Lady of Pleas. w. i, a 
would quench a furnace, and her breath Woul damp 
a musket ball. 1705 LeuwennoeKk in Phil. Trans. XXV. 
2159 If we take a piece of Wood-coal, that has been damp'd 
or extinguished. 1818 Blackw. Mag. Il. 528 Havin 
damped his own appetite with a couple of slices. AZod. 
To damp a fire with small coal. 

b. Zo damp down (a fire or furnace): to cover 
or fill it with small coal, ashes, or coke, so as to 
check combustion and prevent its going out, when 


not required for some time. Also /ig. 

1869 J. Martineau £ss. II. 278 Fire which must not 
be —- to damp itself down. 1 Pall Mall G. 
20 b. 2/t The notices terminate at the end of the 
month. .and the furnaces will be damped down. /did, 28 
Aug. 1/1 Mr. Gladstone’s speeches may tend to damp down 
the agitation. — a : 

ce. Acoustics, Music, etc. To stop the vibrations 
of a string or the like; to furnish (the strings of 
a pianoforte) with dampers. 

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 140 A piece of cloth .. todamp 
or stop the string [in a clavichord]. 1883 A. J. Hipxins in 
Grove Dict. Mus. 111. 636 The higher treble of the piano 
is not now damped. cee 

da. Magnetism. To stop the oscillations of a 
magnetic needle by placing a mass of conducting 
metal near it. 

1879 Tuomson & Tait Nat. Phil. 1. 1. § 379 The oscil- 
lations of a magnetized needle about its position of equi- 
librium are ‘damped’ by Dlacing a plate of copper below it. 

+2. To stifle (the faculties) with noxious 
‘fumes’; to stupefy, benumb, daze. Ods. 

1570 Der Math. Pref. 1 The fantasies of those hearers 
were dampt. 1 T. Avams Exf. 2 Pet. ii. 20 (1865) 559 
The lusts of the flesh, like the vapours of a repl 
rising oe damping the brain. 1716 Bentiey Serm. 
xi. 375 We_ma’ p or stifle them four Faculties) 
Sloth and N 1726 Leoni tr. Adberti’s Archit. 

a, The Understanding can never be clear, the Spirits 

ing dampt and stupify’d. 

8. To deaden or restrain the ardour or energy 
of; to depress, deject, discourage, check. 

a. persons, their spirits, zeal, hopes, etc. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iii. ®, That.. 
hg fone were puffed vp before..should bee ped, and 
be brought lowe. 1654 Trarr Comm, Fob xiii. 15 As that 


_ 329 Damped by the indifference of my artist 


DAMPER. 


woman of Canaan..who would not be damped or dis- 
couraged with Christs. .silence- Wurttock Zootomia 
24 Nor shall their scorne spoyle purposes, by juan 
my resolutions. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. i. 11 Our hopes 
a speedy Soppamsa Name sven now somewhat damped. 1766 
Gotpsm. Vic, W.v, This is the way you always damp my 
rls and me when we are in spirits. 182x Crare Vill. 
instr. 1. 166 Sorrow damps my lays. 1876 J. H. Newman 
Hist. Sk. VU. u. ii. 242 How Tittle his personal troubles had 
damped his lical zeal. 1887 Fritn A utobiog. 1. xxiii. 


b. actions, projects, trade, etc. Now vare. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke xvi. (R.), To dampe 
y* kes of such p 1622 Bacon Hen. 
VII, 75 To stop and dampe Informations upon Penall 
Lawes, by procuring Informations by collusion. 1689 C. 
Martner in Andros Tracts (1869) 13 The Courses imme- 
diately taken to damp and spoyl our Trade. 1787 T. 
Jerrerson Writ. (1859) II. 89 To damp that of 
communication which the resolution of Congress. .was in- 
tended to re-establish. 1832 Austin Yurisfr. (1879) I. vi. 
gor If a think .. that a political institution damps pro- 


10N. 

+4. To envelop in fog or mist ; also fig. 

1629 Donne Serm. Matt. xi. 6 If my religion did wrap 
me in a continual .-damp me in a continual vapour, 
smoke me in a continual sourness. 

5. To make moist or humid, to wet as steam, 
vapour, mist, or dew does ; to moisten. 

_ 1671 R. Bonun Wind 14 They [winds from South] damp 
innen and paper, though never so carefully guarded from 
the Air. 1789 W. Bucnan Dom. Med. (ed. 11) 129 That 
baneful custom said to be practised in many inns, of damp- 
ing sheets, and pressing them in order to save ing. 
1868 HawrHorne Amer. Note-Bks. (1879) 1.180 The dew 
damped the road. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts Ti. 648 The paper 
used in printing is always damped before being sent to the 
press, wet taking the ink considerably better than dry. 

b. pe To take a drink, ‘wet one’s whistle’, 
slang. 

1862 Lowett Biglow P. Poems pr Il. pr ae tent.. 
Where you could go, ef you wuz dry, an’ p ye in 
a minute. i 

6. Gardening. To damp off (intr.): Of plants: 
To rot or go off from damp; to fog off. 

1846 Mrs. Loupon Gardening for Ladies go Cuttings 
when thus treated are very apt to damp off. 1881 Gard. 
Chron. XVI. 690 See that none of the spikes touch the 
glass or they may speedily damp off. 

Damp, obs. var. Dam sd.1; 
of Damn. 


Dampen (dzmp’n), v. (Now chiefly U.S.) 
[f. Damp a. +-EN, or derivative form of Damp v.] 

1. ¢rans. To dull, deaden, diminish the force or 
ardour of, depress, deject; = Damp z. 1, 3. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed vi. i. Wks. VI. 36 By which the 
fervency of better spirits devotion is so much dampened. 
1633 P. FLetcuer Purple /s/. vu. xxxiii, Himself dampens 
the smiling day. 1813 W. Irvine Life §& Lett. (1864) 
I. xviii. 296 The miserable accounts from the frontier 
dampened in some e the public zeal. 1824 Lanpor 
Imag. Conv. vii. Wks. 1846 I. 28 His genius hath been 
dampened by his adversities. 1885 Century Mag. 427/1 
This adversity seemed to dampen the ardor of the crew. 

2. Magnetism. =Damp v. 1d. 

x G. Prescorr Sf. Telephone 36 The object in using 
eye is to dampen the movement of he 

3. To make damp, moisten; =Damp v. 5. 

1885 G. H. Boucuton Sk. Rambles Holland v. 77 The 
high tide must somewhat dampen the poor departed [in 
a churchyard), 

4. intr. To become dull or damp. 

1686 Goan Celest. Bodies u. xi. 305 Fog, sins, dampning, 
windy. 1857 Lowett Poems, Captive, Yet he came not, 
and the stillness Dampened round her like a tomb. 

Hence Da‘mpening v0/. si. and ff/. a.; Da'm- 
pener (U..S.), a contrivance for damping linen, 
etc. 

1814 Byron Lavra. xxviii, And o’er his brow the 
ening heart-drops threw The sickening iciness of that 
dew. 1836 New Monthly Mag. XLVI. 204 The gallantry 
and beauty of Tuscany sped t the dam — air. 
1864 Lowe. Lincoln Wis. 18go V. 178 To withstand the 
inevitable dampening of checks, “ate beng 1887 Ser. 
Amer. 26 Mar. 202/2 A seam dampener been patented 
.-for use in laundries, etc. 


dee* . [f. Dame v.+-ER.] That 
eg a 


obs, (erron.) form 


which various senses of the vb. 
1. Something that damps or depresses the spirits, 
etc.; also, a person who does the same. 
ne Ricuarvson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII. 282, I very 
early di shame, that cold water damper to an 
spirit. yd Watrote in Hi: Holiday 
on Road (1887) 140 is a great damper of curiosity. 
II. 528 Out of sixteen five 
present. 1822 Hazuitr Tadde-t. Ser. u1. xii. 
i id tempera- 
ha aoa Newcomes xxvi, I feel myself very 
often an per in your company. 
b. Something that takes off the edge of appetite. 
1804 Mar. Epcewortu Po. Tales, Limerick Gloves, 
In the kitchen, taking his snack by way of a damper. 
81x Lams Edax on Appetite, I endeavour to make up by 
a damper, as I call it, at home before I go out. 
2. a. A piece of mechanism in a pianoforte for 
‘damping’ or stopping the vibrations of the strings, 
consisting of a 1 piece of wood or wire covered 
with cloth or felt, which rests the stri 
ing to each key, and is raised or - 
drawn from when the key is down. 
1783 Specif. ¥. Broadwood’s Patent No. 1379, 4, 6, are 


were 


DAMPINESS. 


the dampers, which also is fixt under the strings. 1856 
Mrs. C. Ciarxe tr. Berlioz’ Instrument. 72 The sign ® 
pes ed that the dampers must be replaced by quitting the 
pedal. . 
b. ‘The mute of a horn and other brass wind 
instruments ’ (Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms). 

3. A metal plate made to turn or slide in a flue 
or chimney, so as to control the combustion by 
regulating or stopping the draught. 

1788 Specif. Gardner's Patent No. 1642 These registers 
or dampers are enclosed in the chimney. 1791 Beppors 
in Phil. Trans. UXXXI. 174 He first turned the flame 
from off the metal, which is done by letting down a damper 
upon the chimney. 1823 Moore Fadles, Holy Alliance 
86 Those trusty, blind machines..by a change as odd as 
cruel, Instead of dampers, served for fuel! 1829 R. Sruarr 
Anecad. Steam Engines 1. 269 The heat of the furnace 
under the boiler was rudely regulated in both machines by 
a damper. 

4. Magnetism. (See quot., and cf. Damp z. 1 d.) 

1881 Maxwet. Electr. §& Magn. U1. 344-5 A metallic 
surface, called a Damper, is sometimes placed near a magnet 
for the express purpose of damping or deadening its vibra- 
tions. We shall therefore speak of this kind of resistance 
as Daniping. i 

5. Any contrivance for damping or moistening. 

e.g. An appliance for moistening the gummed back of 
postage stamps; one for damping paper for a copying-press, 
for cleaning slates, etc. 

aus Mech. Mag. XLII. 285 Postage stamp, wafer, and 
label damper. 1854 /did. LXI. 86 The damper may be left 
in any position when not in use, as the water will not of 
itself run out. 

6. Australia. A simple kind of unleavened cake 
or bread made, for the occasion, of flour and water 


and baked in hot ashes. 

1833 Sturt Two Exped. S. Australia U1. 203 While 
drinking their tea and eating their damper. 1852 Munpy 
Antipodes vi. (1855) 149 The Australian bush-bread, a baked 
unleavened dough, called damper—a damper, sure enough, 
to the stoutest appetite. a Melbourne Argus 7 Nov. 
13/5 When you've boiled your billy and cooked your damper 
you put out the fire and move..on to camp. i 

7. Comb. a. in sense 2a, as damper-crank, «rail, 
-stick, t-stop; Gamper-pedal, that pedal in a 
pianoforte which raises all the dampers, the ‘loud 
pedal’. b. in sense 3, as damper-regulator, a. 
contrivance by which the heat of the furnace or 
the pressure of steam is made to control the 
damper. 

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 140 Fig. 2, e, Damper stick. 
Ibid. 141 The damper-stop raised the dampers from the 
strings. Jbid., Fig. 10, k, Damper Crank. J/éid. 142 
Fig. 11, g, Damper rail. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 676 
The damper-regulators which act by the pressure of steam 
are of three or more kinds. 

Dampiness. are. [f. Dampy a. + -NESS.] 
The state of being ‘dampy’ or somewhat damp. 

1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 886 You know not whether 
it be rain, snow, or sleet, that drenches your clothes in 
dampiness. 

Damping (de'mpin), v4/. sd. [-1nc1.] The 
action of the verb Damp, q.v. Also aétvid., as in 
damping-machine, damping-plate (= DAMPER 3). 

1756 TotpERvyY Two Orphans III. 172 The flames, by 
slight damping, soon became the more violent. 1816 
J. Smita Panorama Sc. §& Art Il. 312 The bottom 
of the furnace .. the holes of the damping plate. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech., Damping-machine. 1. (Printing.) 
A machine for damping sheets of paper previous to print- 
ing..2. A machine in which starched goods are moistened 
previous to running them through the calendering-machine. 
1881 [see Damper 4]. 1883 ATKINSON tr. Ganot’s Physics 
(ed. 11) 832 The greater the masses of metal, and the more 
closely they surround the magnet, the stronger is the 
damping. 

Damping (de'mpiy), ff/.a. [-4Nc¢?.] That 
damps, in various senses: see DAMP v. 

1607 WaLKINGTON Oft. Glass 28 The damping fumes 
that the Sun elevates from bogges. 1691-8 Norris Pract. 
Disc. 151 What a damping Thought must it be for such 
a Man to consider [etc.]. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chus. xiii, 
It was somewhat of a damping circumstance to find the 
room full of smoke. 1878 M. C. Jackson Chaperon'’s Cares 
I. xi. 153 Clarissa’s presence generally has a slightly damp- 
ing effect upon Forster. > 

Dampish (de'mpif), a. [orig. f. Damp sé. + -18 
(cf. doyzsh) : subsequently treated as if f. Damp a.] 

+1. Of the nature of, or infested with, exhalations 
or (noxious) vapours ; vaporous, foggy, misty. Ods. 

1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb, 1. (1586) 8 b, All waters 
commonly with dampishe vapours in Summer .. doo infect 
both man and beast with pestilence. 1596 Spenser Hynix 
Heav. Beaut. 165 The darke And dampish aire. — /. Q. 
1v. viii. 34 The drowzie humour of the dampish night. 
«1649 Drumm. or Hawt. Poems Wks. (1711) 13 His caves 
and dampish bow’rs. 

+2. fig. a. Of stifling or extinguishing nature 
(cf. Damp v. 1). b. ?Stifled, choked. Ods. 

1603 H. Crosse Vertues Commu. (1878) 123 Lampes.. 
which with dampish idlenesse are soone put out. 1604 
T. M. Black Bk. Middleton’s Wks. (Bullen) VIII. 33 With 
a whey-countenance, short stops, and earthen A aa voice, 
the true counterfeits of a dying cullion. 

3. Somewhat damp or moist. 

[1577 Gooce Heresbach's Husb. w. (1586) 192 b, Set them 
up in some moist and dampish place.] 164: Besr Farm. 
Bks. (Surtees) 24 Stone floores are ala moist and 
dampish, 1727 Barvey vol. Il, Dampish, ing damp or 
moist or wet, 1803 vans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XXI. 302 
‘Wood placed in dampish situations, 


21 


Hence Da‘mpishly adv., Da‘mpishness. 

1615 Markxuam Lng. Housew. u. iii. (1668) 109 Let them 
be dampishly moistened with Damask Rose-water. 1617 
— Cava. v1. 24 It shall defend him from the colde dampish- 
nes of the earth. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 937 To put a Lay of 
Chalke between the Bricks, to take away all Dampishnesse. 
1727 Batey vol. Il, Dampishness, moistness, wetness. 

amply (dempli), adv. rare. [f Damp a.+ 
-Ly 2.) In a damp manner. 

1887 American XIV. 234 The house was damply cold. 
a 6 C. Dunstan Quita II. u. v. 115 It was damply, foggily 
cold. 

Dampnacion, dampne, etc., obs. ff. Damna- 
TION, DAMN, etc. 

Dampnage, obs. form of DAMAGE. 

Dampness (de‘mpnés). _ [f. Damp a. + -NESS.] 
The condition or quality of being damp; moist- 
ness, humidity ; moisture. 

1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 423 The dampness 
of the fields. 1687 Drypen Hind. & P. 111. 508 Nor need they 
fear the dampness of the sky. .’T'was only water thrown on 
sails too dry. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 55 A care- 
ful observer, in a night when there is a great dew, will per- 
ceive a dampness upon every surface. 1848 THACKERAY 
Van. Fair xxii, The valet..cursing the rain and the damp- 
ness of the coachman who was steaming beside him. 

Dampson, obs. form of DaMson. 

Damuy (deempi), a. [f. Damp sb. + -y.] 
+1. Full of, or of the nature of (noisome or 
gloomy) vapour or mist; foggy. Ods. 

1600 Tourneur Transp. Metamorph. v, O see how raed 
shewes yond’ torche’s flame. /did. 1xxx, How like blacke 
Orcus lookes this dampy cave. 1605 Drayton Jan in 
Moon 363 The dampy Mist, From earth arising. 1729 
Savace Wanderer i. 284 Dispers’d, the dark and dampy 
vapours fly. : 

Jig. 21627 Haywarp Edw. VJ (1630) 141 To dispell any 
dampie thoughts which the remembrance of his unkle 
might raise. . 

b. Ofa mine: Infested with ‘ damps’ or noxious 
gases. 

18.. WEALE (cited in Excyc?. Ditt.), When foul, gases do 
not move freely by the ordinary natural ventilation in 
a colliery, it is said to be dampy. 

2. Affected with moisture ; somewhat damp. 

ax691 Boyte Wks. VI. 397 (R.) Very dampy_ vapours: 
about the mouth of the baroscope. 1710 PuiLips Pastorals 
iii, 42 His beauteous Limbs upon the dampy Clay. 1820 
Blackw, Mag. Vi. 677 The clay-hole you live in, cold, 
dirty and dampy. 

Damsax: see DANISH AX. 

Damsel (dx'mzél), damosel (de‘mozel). 
Forms: a. 3 dameisele, 3-4 damaisele, 4 dam- 
maisele, 3-5 damaysele, 5 -elle; 8. 4-6 dame- 
sel, -ele, -elle, damysel, -ele, -elle, damisel, 
-elle, 5 dammisel, Sc. damyseill, 6 Sc. damicel, 
-ell; y. 5-7 damsell, 6- damsel; 5. 4-6 damoy- 
sele, -el, damoisele, -el, (g damoiselle); «. 
6-7 (9) damosel, -elle, damozel(1,-elle, (6 damu- 
sel); ¢. 7 dam’zell, 7-8 dam’sel. [Early ME. 
dameisele, damaisele, a. OF. dametsele (damisele) 
(12th c.), later damozisele, -elle (the only form in 
Cotgrave), demotselle (14th c.). The OF. damezsele 
was a new formation from dame, instead of the 
popular danzele, dansele, doncele = Pr. and It. don- 
zella, Sp. doncella:—late L. *dominicella, med.L. 
domnicella, domicella, dim. of domina mistress, 
lady, fem. of dominus lord. (There is a roth c, F. 
instance of the learned form dommnizelle.) In 
Eng. the middle syllable was reduced from ez (az), 
to z, & and finally disappeared. The variant 
damoiselle was introduced in 15th c. from Parisian 
F. (by Lydgate, Caxton, etc.), and gave rise here 
to damosel, damozel, so frequent in 16-17th c., and 
affected in 19th c. in sense 1. See also DouzeL.] 

1. A young unmarried lady; originally one of 
noble or gentle birth, but gradually extended as a 
respectful appellation to those of lower rank. Now 
merged in sense 2; but modern poets and romantic 
writers (led by Sir W. Scott) have recalled the 
16-17th c. damosel, damozel, to express a more 
stately notion than is now conveyed by damsel. 

a, [1292 Britton 1. xix. § 5 Des enfauntz madles, dam- 
aysels et vedues.] c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 84/37 Pe lustise 
bi-heold pat maide..‘ Dameisele,’ he seide, ‘3wat art pou?’ 
1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 1492 Pe nobloste damaisele bat was 
in enilonde. a1450 Kut. de la Tour cxx. 166 The yonge 
damayselle, ne: sae the nat _—_ groan a 

Aas ‘ursorv M. 3837 (Cott.) Iacob lifted vp 
sten, pe) spak pan wit be damisel. cx Sir Ferumb, 
2103 Pan hym spak duk Roland ..Tak thys damesele by 

hand as bow louest me. c 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. T. 50 

he fairest hiewed .. Was cleped fayre damysel Pertilote. 
a3440 Siy Degrev. 623 To chyrche the gay dammisel 
Buskede hyr 3are. cxs00 Lancelot 2351 Sche had no 
knycht, sche had no damyseill. 

y. cx400 Destr. Troy 7887 A damsell faire, pat bright 
was of ble, and Breisaid she hight. 1649 MiLton Zikon. 
xxi, The Damsell of se, ana [the Duchess]. r7xx ‘J. 
Distarr’ Char, Don Sacheverellio 9 [He] took. de very 
Scrubs of both Sexes for Knights and Damsels. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Engi. 1. 586 Damsels of the best families 
in the town wove colours for the insurgents. 

6. cx1400 Rom. Rose 1622 These damoysels & bachelers. 
€1477 Caxton Yasox 6 Barounes and knightes, ladies and 
damoiselles, ete in the halle. 1549 CHALoneR Erasmus on 
Folly O.iij b, Amonges the damoysels and’ Madames of the 


DAMSON. 


court. 1557 A. Arthur (Copland) 1. xvii, There came 
a damoysell..a passyng fayre damisel. [1841 D’Israr.t 
Amen. Lit. (1867) 223 Those romances of chivalry .. long 
formed the favourite reading of the noble, the dame and. 
the damoiselle.] 

e. ¢1300 K. Alis.171 Ladies and damoselis Maken heom 
redy. 1523 Lv. Berners /’roiss. I. ix. 9 All knyghtes ought 
to ayd to theyr powers all ladyes and damozels. /ézd. 
cexiil, 264 They rode about the countrey, and vysited the 
ladies nad dumasels [e/sewhere damozelles, sor op sea 
1548 Hatt Chron. 240 The yonge Princes and Damosell 
of Burgoyne. 1590 SpeNseR /. Q. U1. i. 19 Th’ adventure 
of the errant damozell. 1615 G. Sanpys 7vav. 215 Her- 
cules..walking along the shore with a Damosel, whom he 
loued. 1813 Scorr 77ierm. Introd. viii, Of errant knight 
and damozelle. 1871 Rossetti Blessed Damozel i, The 
blessed damozel leaned out From the gold bar of Heaven. 
1884 F. M. Crawrorp Rom. Singer I. 256 Your boy wants 
to marry a noble damosel. 

A young unmarried woman (without any 
connotation of rank or respect—sometimes even 
slightingly) ; a maid, maiden, girl, country lass. 

Since 17th c., archaic and literary or playful ; not in ordi- 
nary spoken use. 

B. c1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 9 To geten be stynkyng 
loue of damyselis. 1483 Cath. Angl. 89 Damesselle. .zimpha. 
asso Christis Kirke Gr. ii, To dans thir damysellis 
thame dicht, thir lassis licht of laitis. 1558 Knox /irst 
Blast (Arb.) 52 Aged fathers and tendre damiselles. 

y. 1535 COVERDALE Zech. viii. 5 Yonge boyes and dam- 
selles, playnge vpon the stretes. 1687 Concreve Old Bach. 
ut. vi, Good words, damsel, or I shall ——. 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 278 » 2 You will not deny your Advice to 
a distressed Damsel. 1832 W. Irvine Alhambra II. 139 
Awed and abashed in the presence of a simple damsel of 
fifteen. 1870 Dickens /. Drood viii, The two young men 
saw the damsels enter the court-yard of the Nuns’ House. 

e. 1822 SKELTON Why not to Court 209 With Dalyda 
to mell, That wanton damozell. 1576 Act 18 Eliz. c. 7 
§ 1 Of Women, Maids, Wives and Damosels. 1611 Biste 
Mark v. 39, 41 The damosell is not dead, but sleepeth.. 
Damosell (I say vnto thee), arise. 1642 Rocers Naaman 7 
A poore damosell and captive. 1704 J. Pitts Acc. Mo- 
hammetans 27 The Father of the Damosel usually makes 
up the Match. 

¢. 1632 Quartes Div. Mancies 1. vii, Dam'sel arise ? 
When death had clos'd her eyes, What power had the 
Dam’'sel to arise? 1718 Prior Solomon u, 301 And one 
mad Dam'sel dares dispute my pow’r. 

+3. A maid in waiting, a female attendant. 
Originally a young lady of gentle birth, as maid 
of honour or waiting-woman to a lady of rank ; 
but gradually extended downward. Now Oés. exc. 
as merged in 2. 

[1199 Rot. Chartarunt 25/2 Beatriciae et Aeliciae domi- 
cellis praedictae reginae sororis nostrae.] ¢ 1314 GuyWarw. 
(A.) 618 Felice be feir answerd po [to her maid], Damisel, 
sche seyd, whi seistow so? 1377 Lanot. P. PZ. B. 1x. 12 
Dobet is hir damoisele [C. x1. 138 damesele] sire doweles 
dou3ter To serue pis lady lelly. 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn 
ix. 39 A goode auncyent damoysell whiche dyde norisshe 
her of her brestys .. called her nouryce and maystresse. 
1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam. Wits x. (1596) 130 He sent 
his damsels [axcil/as suas] to call to the Castle. 1649 
Roserts Clavis Bibl, 387 His friends and her Damosels, 
being the foure speakers. 1664 Butter Hud. u. i. 98 
A slender Young waiting damsel to attend her. 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Loom & Lugger u. v. 100 The terrified kitchen 
damsels. 

II. transf. 

4. A hot iron for warming a bed. 

App. a humorous allusion to 1 Kings i. 1-4. 

1727-5 Cuampers Cycl., Damtse/, a kind of utensil put in 
beds, to warm old mens feet withal. It consists of a hot 
iron inclosed in a hollow cylinder, which is wrapped round 
with linen cloth.. Some call it a mm, 1848-9 SouTHEY 
Common-pl. Bk. WV. 434. 

5. A projection on the spindle of a mill-stone for 
shaking the shoot. 

1880 Antrin: §& Down Gloss., Damsel, an iron rod with 
projecting pins, that shakes the shoot of the hopper in 
a corn mill, 1880 Jerreries Gt. Estate 167 Tibbald, of 
course, had his joke about that part of the [mill] machinery 
which is called the ‘damsel’. 

III. 6. attrib., as damsel train, etc. Comb. 
damsel-errant, feminine of knight-errant (Scott, 
after Spenser’s ‘errant Damozell’ in 1 €) ; damsel- 
fly, the slender dragon-fly Agrion Virgo, and 
kindred species, called in French demoiselle. 

a1sgz Greene & Lopce Looking Glasse i. (1861) 118 
Ile send for all the damosell Queenes .. To wait as hand 
maides to Remelia. 1671 Mitton Samson 721 Her har- 
binger, a damsel train behind. 1725 Pore Odyss. xxut. 
46 At his nod the damsel-train descends. 1815 Moore 
Lalla R., Parad. §& Peri, The beautiful blue damsel 
flies. 1821 Scorr Kenilw. xxv, If any man shall find me 

laying squire of the body to a damosel-errant. 1840 

ROWNING Sordedlo 1. 284 Flittered in the cool some azure 
damsel-fly. <n 

Hence Da*mselhood, the condition or age of a 
damsel, young-womanhood, Da'mselish a., of 
or proper to a damsel (wonce-wds.) 

1867 Contemp. Rev. VI. 363 ‘One of the queene’s 
damsélles ’ is set forth as riding about (certainly in a very 
damselish way) at random .. to find the desired champion. 
1880 DailyNews x July, Thegreat majority. .had not reached 
the glory of damselhood ; they were simply children. 

Damson (de'mz’n). Forms: 4-9 damascene, 
4-5 damacene, -yne, 4 damesene, 5 damesyn, 
-ys(s)yn, 5-6 -asyn, 6 dameson, -ysen, -isen, 
-ozin, dammosen, damasson, -en, 6-7 dam- 
(m)asin, 6-9 damascen, 7 -azine, -azeene, -osin ; 
5 damsyn, 6 dampson, damsine, -ing, 6-7 


DAN. 


damsen, 7 -zin, 7-8 damsin, 5~damson. [ME. 
(or ? AngloFr.) damascene, ad. L. Damascénum for 
Priinum Damascénum plum of Damascus (Isidore 
XviI. vii. 10 Damascena a Damasco oppido). The 
various weakenings, damesene, damesen, damsen, 
damson, appear to be all of English development.] 
1. A small plum, black or dark purple, the fruit 
of Prunus communis or domestica, variety damas- 
cena, which was introduced in very early times into 
Greece and Italy from Syria. 
a Pistill of Susan 89 Per weore growyng so grene 
ate wib Damesene. c¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 
7 Take xx. damascenes & xii. figis. c1460 J. RusseLt 
k. Nurture 77 in Babees Bk. 122 Serve fastynge, plom- 
mys, damsons, cheries. /id. 668 Damesyns. 1542 RDE 
ang dace (1870) 285, .vi. or .vii. damysens eaten before 
dyner, be good to prouoke a mans sppet de, 1573 Tusser 
Hush, (1878) Z amsens, white and black. 1 Bacon 
Sylva § 509 In Fruits, the white commonly is meaner, as 
in Pear-plumbs, Damosins, etc. 1657 R. Austen Fruit 
Trees 1. 57 The Damazeene also is an excellent fruit. 
1747 Mrs. Guiasse Cookery xviii. heading, To preserve 
damsons whole. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 51? 14 The 
art of scalding damascenes without bursting them. 1818 
Mrs. Suerwoop Fairchild Fam. (1829) I. xiv. 115 Mrs. 
Fairchild and Betty boiled up a great many damascenes in 
sugar. 1866 /reas. Bot., Prunus institia, the Bullace.. 
A variety occurs with yellowish fruit, which latter are sold 
in London as White Damsons.. . i 
b. Locally, a distinction is sometimes made 
between damson and damascene, the latter being 
os to the so-called damson-plum : see c. 
1818 Topp Suppl, Damascene. This and the damson 


are distinct sorts of plums : the damascene is the larger of | 


the two, and not at all bitter; the damson is smaller, and 
has a peculiar bitter or roughness. 1891 Daily News 17 
Nov. 5/2 In Nottinghamshire there is, it seems, a recognised 
distinction between ‘damsons’ or ‘damasons’ and ‘ damas- 
cenes’..in the Newark County Court..a greengrocer.. 
complained that whereas he had ordered damsons he was 
supplied with damascenes. 

ec. Damson plum: formerly =damson; but now 
applied to a sub-variety of plum somewhat like the 
damson : see quot. 1892. 

1586 Cocan Haven Health (1636) 104 The Damasin 
Plummes are woont to be dried and preserved as figges. 


1611 CoTGr., Damaisine, a Damascene, or Damsen plum. | 


179 Footr Lame Lover 1. Wks. 1799 Il. 85 It was.. 
the best of plum-trees, it was adamascen plum. 1892 Daily 
News 13 Sept. 3/2 The damson plum .. is quite as good for 
inost purposes as the damson, and has not its acridity or 
roughness. ; 

2. The tree which bears this: also damson tree. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xvit. cxxxv. (1495) 686 Of 
plumme tree is many manere of kynde but the Damacene 
isthe beste. 14..7. of Erceldoune 180 (Cambr. MS.) | sd 
darte and also be damsyn tre. 1575 Art of Planting 11 To 
set Damsons or Plum trees. 1625 Bacon Ess., Gardens 
(Arb.) 556 In Aprill follow .. The Dammasin, and Plum- 
Trees in Blossome. 1860 Detamer Kitch. Gard. 158 In 
shallow or wet soils it is better to bud [peaches] on plum 
stocks, such as damsons, St. Juliens, &c. 

3. Applied to Chrysophyllum oliviferum of the 
W. Indies (Damson-plum, quot. 1756); Bitter or 
Mountain Damson, a name for Simaruba amara. 

1756 P. Browne Yamaica 171 The Damson-plumb .. is 
found wild in many parts of Jamaica. 1811 A. T. THomson 
Lond, Disp. (1818) 327 The Simaruba quassia, or mountain 
damson, as it is called in Jamaica. 1858 R. Hoce Veg. 
Kingdom 224 Simaruba officinalis .. attains the height of 
sixty feet, and is called Bitter Damson, Mountain Damson, 
and Slave Wood. : 

4. a. attrib. or adj. Of the colour of the damson. 
Also damson brown. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., Partridge, 

ian, reddish, cinereous, white, and damascen. 1684 

ond, Gaz. No. 1963/4 A Damson brown Mare. 1791 
Hamitton Berthollet’s Dyeing 11. u.vi. iv. 347 Damascene 
colours, and other shades of browns of the common dye. 

b. attrib. and Comb., as damson dumpling, etc. ; 
damson-cheese, an inspissated conserve of dam- 
sons and sugar; damson-pie, -tart (s/ang, after 
damn), profane language; damson-plum (see 
Ic, 3). 

1769 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 183 To make 
Damson Dumplins. rye C. K. SHarre New Oxford 
Guide ii. in Mem, (1888) I, 15 Cakes, Lge pod de joes, 
and sweet damson cheese. 1887 Jessorp Arcady 213 His 
language is profane from long habit—‘ given over to d. 


22 


engyn. 1340 Ayend.1 Pis boc is dan Michelis of North- 
fi; cgi Cuaucer Monk's 4 e 
ip quod he. . Wher shal I calle 


trawler is worked. 
_ Hence attrid. dan-tow, the rope fastening the dan to the 
lines or, in steam-trawling, to a small anchor or anchors. 

1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2298/4 They will .. forthwith cause 
to be laid a White Buoy, having a Dann thereupon, till 
they may be able to erect another Beacon. 1883 Fisheries 
Exhib. Catal.7 Fleet of Cod Lines. .ready for Baiting, with 
Dans, Dantows, and Anchors complete. 1892 Whitby 
Gaz. 11 Nov. 3/1 The vessel then drifts slowly on until 
a distance of about two miles separates it from the dan. 

3, Coal-mining. local. A small truck or 
sledge on which coal is drawn from the workings 
to the main road or shaft. Hence Dan v. 

1852 Branpe Dict, Sc. (ed. 2\, Dans, small trucks or 
sledges used in coal mines. 1871 Trans. Amer. Inst. 
Mining Eng. 1. 305 The coals were brought along the face 
to the hill, on a ‘dan’.. there reloaded and hauled to the 
shaft. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Dan, 
a small tub used for drawing coals from the workings to the 
main road where the skips are loaded. Danning is drawing 
the coals in the dans, which is done by boys. 

Danaid (dened). [In Fr. Danaide, ad. Gr. 
Aavais, pl, Aavaides, the Danaides or daughters of 
Danaus king of Argos, who, having murdered 
their husbands on the wedding-night, were con- 
demned eternally to pour water into bottomless 
or sieve-like vessels.] 

A daughter of Danaus; used a/trzb. in reference 
to the labour of the Danaides: endless and futile. 
So Danaide’an a.; and Danaus used attrzb. 

a1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (1652) 62 A Danaus sive of 
prodigality. 1884 Ceutury Mag. Mar. 704 The crew are 
worn out with their Danaidean task. 

de (de‘neaid). [a. mod.F. danaide (see 
prec.) : so named in 1813 by a committee of the 
French Academy of Sciences, to whom it was sub- 
mitted by the inventor Mannoury d’Ectot, from a 
fancied analogy to the vessels which the Danaides 


| were required to fill.] 


A kind of horizontal water wheel, consisting of a 
vertical axis to which is attached a conical drum 
and case, with radial spiral floats; the water is 
directed against the floats by a chute and escapes 
at the bottom: also called ‘ tub-wheel ’. 

1825 Mech. Mag. 1V.41 Description of the Danaide. 1856 
Cresy Encycl. Civ. Eng. 959 Danaide..this machine may 
be classed among hydraulic wheels. 

Danaite (dé'-na,ait). Aix. [Named 1833 after 
J. F. Dana, an American chemist.] A variety of 
arsenopyrite or mispickel, containing cobalt. 

1833 A mer. Frnl. Sc. XXIV. 386 Danaite, a new ore of 
cobalt and iron. 

Danalite (dénaloit). Ain. [Named 1866 
after J. D. Dana, an American mineralogist: see 
-LITE.} A silicate of iron, glucinum, etc. with 
sulphide of zinc, occurring in reddish octahedrons 
in ite. 

1866 Amer. Frni, Sc. Ser. u. XLII. 72 On Danalite, a new 
Mineral Species. 

Danburite (de‘nbérait). Aix. [Named 183 
from Danbury, Ct., U.S., where it occurs.] R 
boro-silicate of lime, brittle, translucent, and of a 
yellowish or whitish colour, 

1839 Amer. Frnl. Sc. XXXV. 137 Danburite, a new 
Mineral S ies, 1886 Exnt Min. 295 The presence of 


tart like’, as they say in Arcady. } W. Brack Strange 
Adv. House Boat viii. (Farmer), Even if you were to hear 
some of the Birmingham lads giving each other a dose of 
damson-pie. .you wouldn’t da single 
Damysé, var. of DaAMASKE Odés., damson. 
Damysel, Damysen, obs. ff. DamsEL, Damson. 
+Dan'. Oés. Also 4-5 daun, danz, daunz, 4-6 
Gaus, § dann ; see also Sc. dene, Den. [a. OF. 
dan (also dant, dam, damp, in nom. dans, danz) 
=mod.F. dom, Pr. don, dompn, Sp., Pg. don, It. 
donno :—L. dominus lord. Cf. Dam ay 
An honourable title = Master, Sir: a. used in 
addressing or speaking of members of the religious 
orders; cf. Dom ; b. applied to distinguished men, 
knights, scholars, poets, deities, etc.; its modern 
affected application to poets appears to be after 
Spenser’s ‘ Dan Chaucer’. 
idar pat tyue. came CHA, Wrece (Rath Steg 
ma’ _ . 2 
With hem wante deand Maya ffor po protien to pad 


n burite. 

Dance (dans), sd. Forms: 4-7 daunce, (4-5 
dauns(e, 5-6 dawnce, 6 dans(s), 5~ dance. [e 
OF. dance, danse, f. the vb. dancer, danser. 

Pr., Cat. dansa, Sp. danza, Pg. danga, dansa, It. 
danza; also Ger. fanz, Du. dans.] 

1. A rhythmical skipping and stepping, with 
regular turnings and movements of the limbs and 
body, usually to the accompaniment of music ; 
either as an expression of joy, exultation, and the 
like, or as an amusement or entertainment ; the 
action or an act or round of dancing. 

K. Allis. M t » and daunces 
maben. 1303 KR Been Hawt Spade ih eo karols, 
somour games, ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 7601 (Trin.) In her daunse 
v.”, dauncin af Ca ag tell ag ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 808 

t to me liked right wele, That Courtesie me cleped so, And 
bade me on the daunce go. _ 1535 CoverDALe Ps. cxlix. 3 
Let them prayse his name in the daunce. Suaks. 
Mids. N.u, i. 254 Lul’d in these flowers with dances and 
delight. sécs Bias Judy. xxi. ax If the danghters of 


DANCE. 


Shiloh gown ont to deunce in dewnens «site Mein. 
v. 619 That oa spent In dance 
o Hill, y y song 


about the 
1730-46 THomson Autumn 122 haams 
graceful in the dance. Sag H. Wana wy 
Anecd. Paint. (2786) IL. 157 The holy family with a dance 
of Angels..is a capital picture. 1841 Lever C. O'Malley 
exviii, Waltzers whirled past in the wild excitement of the 
dance. Mod. Her partner for the next dance. 

2. A definite succession or arrangement of steps 
and rhythmical movements constituting one parti- 
ticular form or method of dancing. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. The hove daunce and the 
carole. 1g2x R. Coptanp (¢it/e), Maner of Dar of 
base daunces after the vse of Fraunce. 1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, 
m1. iv. 25 If we heard that E: Wese busied with 
a Whitson Morris-dance. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 
* A kinde of dance which they use also in Spaine . . called 

Canaries. 1711 Bupcett Sfect. No. 67 P 2 Pyrrhus 
.. Inventing the Dance which is after his Name. 1879 

. Mosetey Nat. on Challenger 331 The most in- 
teresting dances were a Club Dance and a Fan Dance. 

b. A tune or musical composition for regulating 
the movements of a dance, or composed in a dance 
thythm. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xix, She commaunded her 
mynstrelles right anone to play..the gentill daunce. 1 
Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 180 Ballete or daunces.. whieh 
being song to a dittie may likewise be daun 1711 
Bunce Spect. No. 67 ® 9 [He] bid the Fidlers play a Dance 
called Mol Patley. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 350/t His 
[Chopin's] first .. compositi were d es i: 
Mazurkas, and Valses. 

3. A social gathering for the purpose of dancing ; 
a dancing party. 

1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1269 Dido, And waytyn hire at 
festis and at dauncis. 1790 Burns 7am O'Shanter 178 Ah! 
little kenn'd thy reverend grannie, That sark she coft for her 
wee Nannie. . Wad ever graced a dance of witches! a 1845 
Baruam /ngold. Leg., Wedding day,When asked to a party, 
a dance, or a dinner. fod. Mrs, S. is giving a dance 


instead of a garden y this year. 
4. transf and fez. 


ey 2 Jounson Rambler No. 85 4 The dance of spirits, 
the bound of vigour..are reserved Ee him that braces his 
nerves. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 3 One might say that 
rhythm is the dance of sound. 188: Daily Tel. 28 Jan., 
The dance of the waters, especially to windward, was visible 
for over a mile around. 

+5. fig. Course of action; mode of procedure, 
play, game. Zo know the old dance: cf. F. ‘elle 
sgatt assez de la vietlle danse, she knowes well 
enough what belongs to the Game’ (Cotgr.). 

a@ 1352 Minor Poems i. 66 At Donde now es done paire 
daunce, And wend pai most anoper way. /d/d. v. 14 Sare 
it pam smerted pat ferd dut of France, Pare lered Inglis 
men pam a new daunce. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prol. 476 Of 
remedies of loue she knew per chaunce For she koude 
of that Art the olde daunce. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clxxxv, 
Tham that ar noght entrit inne The dance ufe. 1449 
Pecock ah oe 1, xvi. 86 God for his merci and pitee kepe 
Ynglond, that he come not into lijk daunce. ee More 
Rich, 111, Wks. 53 The lord Stanley and he ed 
with diuerse other lordes, and broken all the daunce. 1659 
B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 193 The Emperour 
troubled, at this too long and too bloody dance. 1735 
Wa rote in Morley Life viii. (1889) 114 This dance .. 
no further go. I meant well, but .. Id 

ied into execution without an armed force. 

6. Phrases: a. Zo begin, lead the dance; fig. to 
take the lead in any course of action. 

c13a5 Coer de L. 3739 The damyseles lede daunse. 
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1. Yet made he bo as fressh 
a contenaunce, is beak schulde haue led newe 
daunce. cr Wycir Sed. Wks. 11. Crist ledip 

daunce of love. 1526 Sxe.ton Magay/. 1348 Foly 
foteth it properly, Fansy ledeth the dawnce, 1879 ‘OMSON 
Calvin's Serm, Tim. = They must begin dance to 
be punished. @1616 Beaum. & Fi. Cust. Country u. i, 
They heard your lordship Was, by the ladies’ choice, to 
lead the dance. 1742 Mann Let. to H. ag aaa Sept., 
M. de Gages is now the man who begins the 


b. Zo lead, rarely give (a person) a dance; fig. 
to lead (him) in a wearying, perplexing, or dis- 
appointing course ; to cause him to undergo exertion 


or worry with no uate result. 
a1§29 Sxetton Edw. /V, 29 She [Fortune] toke me by 
yo hand and “7 me a Dery 1599 —— Pes Wom. 
ingd. 11. ii, they may .. a dark 
dance in the ni tet x68a LickeRINGILL Wés, (1716) II. 37, 
I think he has me a fair am so |. 2700 
S. L. tr. C. Fryke’s Voy. E. Ind. 45 hay wal bggadeend 5 
a dance, that 1 had almost stuck in the Slough. 1798 W. 


Hutton Awtodiog. I should 
of twenty miles ly kfi 


have led them a 
Kiddermi . ne 
Aupricu Prud, Palfrey i. (1885) 12 It was notorious that 


the late Maria Jane r. Wiggins something of 
a dance in this life. x 

e. Dance of Death: an allegorical on 
of Death 1 men of all ranks conditions 


in the dance to the grave: a very common subject 
of pictorial representation during the middle 
Also called dance of Macabre, ¥. danse macabre: 
We Loe. Dewees. af Mgshalens Teele is GUS 
alee ot sabe pancnth iB hpi is with all the 
cel crclts eusry domes os Rieeke anna? 
as For ‘and wa nar Wl tial daunce stode “To hell 
1494 Fasyan 
he 


shoulde we go, with horrible vengeaunce. 

Chron. vi. clyi. 145 But deth y? is to all pérmones spall, 
lastlye tooke in his dymme daunce, whan he had ben 
kyng .xlvii. 1631 Werever Anc. Fun. Mon. 378 
Phe dunes Death .. the Picture of death leading all 


DANCE. 


estates. 1833 . Dattaway Archit. Eng. 137 (Stanford) 
The Dance of Macabre (Holbein’s Dance of Death) was 
painted on the walls. 

d. St. Vitus’s dance =CHORRA, q.v. 3 also fig. 

Also St, Yohn's, St. Guy's dance, terms applied to the 
dancing-mania of the middle ages, 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. 1. iv, Chorus Sancti Viti, or 
S. Vitus Dance..they that are taken with it can do nothing 
but dance till they be dead, or cured. 1721 Baitey, Chorea 
Santi Viti, St. Vitus’s Dance. 1746 Z; ANDREE (Z7¢/e), 
Cases of Epilepsy, Hysteric Fits, and St. Vitus’s Dance, 
with the Process and Cure. 1804 Soutuey in H. D. Traill 
Coleridge (1884) 106 His [Coleridge’s] mind is in a perpetual 
St. Vitus’s dance—eternal activity without action. 1840 
Tweevie Pract. Med. II. 205 In St. John's dance, as well 
as in that of St. Vitus..a tympanic state of the abdomen was 
a frequent symptom. : 

e. Dance upon nothing: an ironical expression 
for hanging (cf. DANCE v. 3 b). 

1840 Hoop Kilmansegg, Her Death ix, Just as the felon 
condemned to die. . From his gloomy cell in a vision elopes, 
To caper on sunny greens and slopes, Instead of the dance 
upon nothing. @1845 — An Open Question, note, If 
a dance upon Sunday led so inevitably to a dance upon 
nothing ! 

7. attrib. and Comb., as dance-leader, -lover, 
-tune ; dance-loving adj.; dance-hall, -house, a 
public dancing saloon (U..S.); dance-music, 
‘music designed as an accompaniment to dancing ; 
also, music written in dance rhythm though not 
for dancing purposes’ (Grove Dzct. Mus.). 

1891 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 276/1 Port Said..abounds in 
French cafés and dance-halls. 1889 Boston (Mass.) Fraud. 
24 Apr. 1/8 To run a dance-house and gambling-den. 
1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Dawnceledere, coralles. 1860 
G. H. K. Vac. Tour. 152 Very popular... as a means of 
producing dance music. 

Dance (dans), v. Forms: 4-6 daunse, 4-7 
daunce, (5 dawnce, 6 dans(s, danse), 5— dance. 
[a. OF. dance-r, danse-r = Pr. dansar, Sp. danzar, 
Pg. dangar, dansar, It. danzare. 

The origin of the Romanic word is obscure ; it is generally 
held (after Diez) to be an adoption of OHG. dansén to 
draw, to stretch out, from which is supposed to have arisen 
the sense ‘to form a file or chain in dancing’, From 
Romanic the word has been taken (back) in the sense 
‘dance’ into German: MHG. fanzen(11thc), MDudansen. 
(OHG. dansén was a derivative form from dixsax = Goth. 
pinsan in at-Jinsan to draw towards one.)] 

1. intr. To leap, skip, hop, or glide with 
measured steps and rhythmical movements of the 
body, usually to the accompaniment of music, either 
by oneself, or with a partner or in a set. 

c 1300 K. Alis. 5213 Mery time it is in May.. Maydens so 
dauncen and thay pe 1388 Wycuir 2 Sav. vi. 14 Dauid 
.. daunside with al pe sew, on bifor the Lord. 1483 Cax- 
ton Gold. Leg. 4 /3 He..sente them into the gardyn to 
daunse & to caro! fe: 1530 Patscr. 361 After dynner men 
avaunced them to daunce eche man with eche woman. 1632 
Mitton L’Allegro 96 Many a youth and many a maid 
Dancing in the chequer’d shade. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No, 
466 ® 3 You shall see her dance, or, if you will do her that 
Honour, dance with her. 1884 Miss Brappon /shmael ix, 
I never danced with any one in my life until to-day. I have 
danced by myself in the yard sometimes when there was an 
organ. 

+b. Zo dance barefoot: said of an elder sister 
when a younger one was married before her. Ods. 

1596 Suaks. Zam. Shr. 1. i. 33 She must hauea husband ; 
I must dance bare-foot on her wedding day, And for your 
loue to her leade Apes in hell. 1742 Mrs. DeLany Life & 
Corr. (1861) II. 188 The eldest daughter was much dis- 
appointed that she should dance barefoot, and desired her 
father to find out a match for her. 

ce. Of animals taught to perform certain regular 
movements. 

¢ 1530 Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley I. 184 Then should 
ye dance asa bear. 1854 Woop Axim. Life 210 The educa- 
tion of most bears seldom aspires beyond teaching the 
animal to stand on its hind legs, and raise each foot alter- 
nately, a performance popularly entitled ‘dancing’. 

d. ¢ransf. and ig. 

¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. viii. (1544) 11a, Beware afore or 
ye daunce in the rowe Of such as Fortune hath from her 
whele ithrow. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. VI//, vy. iv. 68, I haue 
some of ’em in Liwbo Patrum, and there they are like to 
dance these three dayes. 

e. To dance to ot after (a person's) pipe, whistle, 
etc. : fig. to follow his lead, act after his desire or 
instigation. 

1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Efpigr. (1867) 61 To daunce 
after her pipe, I am ny led. 1 Mippieton Father 
Hubb, Tales Wks. 1886 VIII. 65 Till the old devourer .. 
death, had made our landlord dance after his pipe. 1707 
Norris Treat. Humility iii. 98 When a man .. dances to 
the tune of the age wherein he lives. 1823 Scott Peveril 
vii, I thought I had the prettiest girl in the Castle dancing 
after my whistle. 1845 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. 1.523 
That most of these councillors .. will ‘dance to Rome’s 
piping’, if they do but see her gold. 

2. To leap, skip, spring, or move up and down, 
with continuously recurring movement, from excite- 
ment or strong emotion. Said also of the lively 
skipping or prancing of animals, and of the heart, 
the blood in the veins, etc. 

cxzesg EZ. E. Allit. P. A. 34 pou daunce as an’ 
do, Braundysch, & brais by £o3 z breme, c¢ ; 
Alexander 2618 For be dowt of dyn daunced stedis. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 Some were con- 
strayned to leape and daunce for ioye. 1553 EpENn Treat. 
Newe Ind. (Arb.) 21 The woman runneth vp and down, 
daunsing continually like a frantike bodie. 16x SHaxs, 


23 


Wint. T. 1. it. 110, I haue Tremor Cordis on me: my 
heart daunces, But not for ioy. @1720 SHEFFIELD (Dk, 
Buckhm.) Wes. (1753) I. 160 The blood more lively danc’d 
within our veins. 1792 S. Rocers Pleas. Mem. 1. 142 When 
the heart danced, and life was in its spring. 182r Lame 
Elia, Valentine's Day, He saw, unseen, the happy girl un- 
fold the Valentine, dance about, clap her hands. 1859 
Tennyson Enid 505 Yniol’s heart Danced in his bosom, 
seeing better days. A : 

b. To run, go, or moye on with dancing or 
tripping motion. 

1712 Arsutunot Yohn Bull 1. x, How you have danced 
the round of all the Courts. 1820 Scorr Addsot xxiv, The 
moments... danced so rapidly away. /did. xxxiv, Some 
sprightlydamsel, who thinks to dance through life as through 
a French galliard. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton ii. 20 These 
boys of twenty-five will dance over the world’s edge in 
pursuit of a theory. 

3. Of things inanimate: To bob up and down on 
the ground, on the surface of water, in the air, etc. 
Often with personification or figurative reference 
to gay and sprightly motion. 

1563 W. Furke Meteors (1640) 7b, The flame appeareth 
to leape or daunce from one part to the other, much like as 
bals of wild fire daunce up and downe in the water. 1567 
Drant Horace’s Epist. xviii. F vj, Whilst thy ship doth 
kepe a flote, ydauncinge on the plaine. 1665 Hooke 
Microgr. 231 Why the limb of the Sun, Moon, Jupiter .. 
and Venus, appear to move or dance. 1703 Moxon Mech, 
Exerc. 135 Care must be taken that the Bressummers and 
Girders be not weakned more than needs, lest the whole 
Floor dance. 
iv, Light as the mote that daunceth in the beam. 1884 
Q. Victoria More Leaves 138 The little boat rolled and 
danced. 

b. Grimly applied to the movements of the body 
in or after death by hanging; ¢o dance upon 
nothing, to be hanged. 

1837 Major Ricuarpson Brit, Legion viii. (ed. 2) 210 
To see a fellow-being dancing in air after death, in the 
manner practised in England. 1839 H. AinswortH Yack 
Sheppard xxxi. (Farmer), ‘You'll dance upon nothing, 
presently’, rejoined Jonathan, brutally. 1862 CARLYLE 
Fredk. Gt. (1865) II. vit. iv. 21 This poor soldier, six feet 
three, your Majesty, is to dance on the top of nothing for 
a three-halfpenny matter ! ; 

4. trans. with the name or description of a dance 


or measure as cognate object. 

c1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. Prol. 200 (MS. Gg) Daunsynge 
aboute this flour an esy pas. 1 Hawes Past. Pleas. 
xvi. xix, To daunce true mesures without varyaunce. 1599 
Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. m. ii, They have danced 
a galliard at beggars’-bush for it. @1627 MippLETON Chasfe 
Maid wv. iii, As if they'd dance the sword-dance on the 
stage. 1762 Goipsm. Life of Nash Wks. 1881 IV. 69 
A minuet, danced by two persons. 1844 E. Firzceratp 
Lett. (1889) I. 142 If you could see the little girl dance the 
Polka with her sister ! ; 

b. Zo dance Barnaby: to dance to a quick 
movement, move expeditiously. Zo dance the 
Tyburn jig: to be hanged: cf. 3 b. Obs. 

1664 Cotton Scavvon. 15 Bounce cries the Port-hole, out 
they fly And make the world dance Barnaby. 1664 ETHER- 
EDGE Com. Revenge v. ii, Widow, here is music; send for 
a parson, and we will dance Barnaby within this half-hour. 
5 VansrucH Relapse Epil., Did ever one yet dance the 
Tyburn jig With a free air, or a well-pawdered wig? 

6. To dance attendance: to wait (upon a person) 
with assiduous attention and ready obsequiousness ; 
orig. to stand waiting or ‘ kicking one’s heels’ in 
an antechamber. See also ATTENDANCE 5. 

1522 SKELTON Why not to Court 626 And Syr ye must 
daunce attendance, And take patient sufferaunce, For my 
Lords Grace, Hath now no time or space, To speke with you 
as yet. 1613 Suaxs. Hex. V/JI, v. ii. 31 To suffer A man of 
Place .. To dance attendance on their Lordships pleasures, 
And at the dore too, like a Post with Packets. 1675 TRAHERNE 
Chr, Ethics xxv. 380 Few have observed that the sun and 
moon and stars dance attendance to it [the earth], and 
cherish it with their influences. 1 Gray in Corr. w. 
Nicholls (1843) 75 Here are a pair of your stray shoes, 
dancing attendance, till you send for them. 1883 Cuaece 
Mongols xxxi. 362 After dancing attendance on the court 
for a month or two they receive their dismission. 

6. causal. a. To lead in a dance, cause to dance. 

1665 Pepys Diary 11 Oct., Having danced my people as 
long as I saw fit to sit up, I to bed. 1762 Ceate the 
Shandy VI. ii, When my father had danced his white bear 
backwards and forwards, through half-a-dozen pages. 1773 
Gotps. Stoops to Cong. 1, Though I am obligated to dance 
a bear, a man may be a gentleman for all that. 

b. To move or toss up and down with a dancing 
jerky motion ; to dandle. 

Wycutr Zsa, Ixvi. 12 Vp on the knes men shul daunte 
(7S. H. @ 1450 daunsen] 30u. 1546 Heywoop Proverds u. 
x, In hope. .In hir dotyng daies to be daunst on the lappe. 
1622 FLetcHer Sf. Curate u. i, I have dandled you, and 
kissed you, and played with you..and danced you. 1681 
W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 418 To dance a child 
in one’s arms. 1773 Map. D’Arsiay Larly Diary July, It 
was no sport to me to be danced up and down, and to find 
the waves... rougher every instant. 1850 Tennyson /z 
Mem. Epil., I that danced her on myknee. | - 

7. With compl.: 'To remove, put, bring, impel, 
etc., off, away, out, in, etc., by dancing. 

a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 208 So was the blessed head 
of John .. danced off his shoulders by a Harlot. 1787 
Generous Attach t 1.200, I d d away the recollection 
of it. 18:2 Byron Waltz vii, Her nimble feet danced off 
another’s head. 1862 Merivate Rom. Enip. (1865) V1. 1. 169 

hat an obscure player .. should dance himself into the 
chamber of the empress. 1880 G. Merepitu 7vag. Cont. 
iv. (1892) 29 Like a lady danced off her sense of fixity. AZod, 
T fear he has danced away his chance. 


1812 H. & J. Smitn Re7. Addr, Cut bono? | 


DANCING. 


Danceable (da‘nsab’l), a. cod/og. [f. DANCE v. 
+-ABLE ; cf. F. dansable.] Suitable for dancing ; 
fit to dance with. 

1860 W. Cottns Wom. White 1. vi. 22 A flirtable, 
danceable, small-talkable creature of the male sex, 1891 
Sat. Rev. 25 July 123/2 ‘The Shaking Polka’..is a very 
bright and danceable specimen. 

Dancer (da‘nsaz).  [f. DANor v. + -ER.] 

1. One who dances ; sfec. one who dances pro- 
fessionally in public. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Dawncere, tripudiator, tripudi- 
atrix. 1599 SHAks. Much Ado u, 1. 111 God match me 
with a good dauncer. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2318/4 Stage- 
Plays, Dancers of the Ropes, and other Publick Shews. 
1790 Burns Zam O'Shanter 146 The dancers quick and 
quicker flew. 1858 THACKERAY Virginians xxviii, She is 
a dancer, and..no better or worse than her neighbours. 

+b. A dancing-master. Ods. 

1599-16.. MippeTon, etc. Old Law m1. ii, His dancer 
now came in as I met you. axz627 MippLEToN Chaste 
Maid 1.i,1 hold my life you have forgot your dancing: 
when was the dancer with you? 

te. transf. A dancing-dog. Obs. 

1576 Fieminc tr. Caius’ Dogs in Arb. Garner III. 261 
The dog called the Dancer. .[They] are taught and exercised 
to dance in measure. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 184/1. 

2. (p/.) A sect of enthusiasts who arose in 1374, 
chiefly in parts of Flanders, and were noted for 
their wild dancing ; in /athol. those affected with 
the dancing-mania (S¢. Vitus’, St. John’s dance, etc.) 
of the middle ages. 

1764 Mactatne tr. A/osheim's Ch. Hist. xiv. 1. v. § 8 
Directly the reverse of this melancholy sect was the merry 
one of the Dancers, which.. arose at Aix-la-Chapelle. 
1844 Bapincton tr. Hecker’s Epidemics Mid. Ages i. 88 
note, According to the Chronicle of Cologne, the St. John’s 
dancers sang during their paroxysms. 1882-3 SCHAFF 
Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 602 The sect of the Dancers, 
who were enthusiasts, first appeared in 1374, on the Lower 
Rhine, dancing in honor of St. John. 

3. = DANDY-ROLLER, q.v. 

4. fl. Stairs. slang. 

1671 R. Heap Eng. Rogue 1. v. (1874) 52 (Farmer) Track 
up the dancers, go up the stayres. 1725 in New Cant. 
Dict. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Dancers, stairs, 1829 
Lytton Disowned 65 Come, track up the dancers, and 
dowse the glim. 1858 — IVhat will he do? xvi.(D.), Come, 
my Hebe, track the dancers, that is, go up the stairs. 

5. pl. A local name for the aurora borealis or 
northern lights. Also A/erry dancers. 

ergy Lett. fr. Mist’s Frni. (1722) 1. 99 In the North of 
Scotland .. they are seen continually every Summer in the 
Evening .. they call them Dancers. 1727 Phil. Trans. 
XX XV. 304 The Meteor call'd by our Sailors, Merry Dancers, 
was visible, and very bright. 1863C. St. Joun Nat. Hist. 
Moray 86 April 7th (1847)..we saw a very brilliant aurora 
borealis, or as they term it here, ‘The Merry Dancers’. 


+ Danceress. és., exc. as xonce-wd. [a. OF. 
danceresse, danseresse, now supplanted by danseuse : 
see -ESS.] A female dancer. 

1388 Wyciir Ecclus, ix. 4 Be thou not customable with 
a daunseresse [1382 a leperesse or tumbler], neither here 
thou hir. 149x Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xli. 
62 b/t The moost excellent Jongleresse or Dawnceresse that 
was in the cytee of Anthyoche. 1633 Prynne H7strio- 
Mastix v. viii. 260 What doth a Danceresse doe? She im- 
pudently uncovers her head. 1855 /fouseh. Words XI. 57 
A cavalier may. .offer..a glass nowand then to his danceress. 

+Darncery. Os. rare—}. [a. OF. danserie, 
dancing, ball: see -ERy.] Dancing. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. vill. 504 Two, with whom none 
would strive in dancery. 

Dancette (danse't), 52. 
ation, inferred from next.] 

1. Her. A fesse with three indentations. 

1864 BouteL. Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xiv. § 1 (ed. 3) 160 
The ‘daunces’ are equivalent to a group of fusils conjoined 
in fesse across the shield, which is sometimes blazoned as 
a ‘dancette’ or a fesse dancettée. ; 

2. Arch. A zigzag or chevron moulding. 

1838 Britton Dict. Archit. 249 The chevron moulding, 
or dancette. 1876 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 

Also 


Dancetté, -ee (danséte, -ti), a. Her. 
-ty. [app. a corruption of F. danché, denché, in 
OF. also dansié (:—late L. denticdtus, f. dent- 
tooth) used in same sense. 

Dancetté or danceté may have originated in a scribal 
error for danché or dansié. OF. had also the phrase 
a@ danses=danché.) . 

Of a line, the edges of a fesse, etc.: Having large 
and deeply marked indentations, usually three in 
number; = Dancy. 

1610 Guittim Heraldry u. iii. (1660) 55 These two last 
mentioned sorts of Lines viz. Indented and Daunsette are 
both one. .their forme is all one, but in quantity they differ 
much in that the one is much wider and deeper than the 
other. 1661 Morcan SpA. Gentry 1. ii, 15 Dancette differs 
from Indented, by reason it consists but of three teeth only. 
1864 Boutett Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xiii. (ed. 3) 115 
A chief dancettee. 1882 Cussans Heraldry ii. 47 The lines 
by which a shield is divided. .may assume any of the follow- 
ing forms..Indented, Dancetté (but 3 indentations). iv. 59 
Argent ; a Bend vert, between Cotises dancetté gules. 

cing (dansin), vé/. sb. [-1nc1.] The 
action of the verb Dancr. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 7601 (Gitt.) In bair dauncing bis was 
pair sang. @1340 Hampote Psalter xxxix. 6 Hoppynge 
& daunceynge of tumblers & herlotes. 1530 TINDALE 
Pract. Prelates Wks. (1573) 375. As who should say, we 
payd for all mens daunsing. 1633 P. Frercner Purple Is?. 


[app. a modern form- 


DANCING. 
With dancings, gifts and songs, Cotto 
fs nic = 244 One et gifs 2 the King Sonal 
ing at Court. 1766 Forpyce Serm. Yug. 


i ane Dancing a r a 
‘omen (ed, 4) I, vi. 236 What is dancing, in the best sense, 
but the h y of moti dered more palpable? 1855 
‘THackeray Newcomes xxiv, They had no dancing at Grand- 
mamma's ; but she adores dancing. 5 

b. attrib. and Comb. as dancing-assembly, 
-chamber, -days, -dress, -floor, -hall, -house, -match, 
pipe, -pump, -shoe, etc.; dancing-malady, 
-mania, -plague=CHoREA; dancing-mistress, 
a female teacher of dancing; + dancing rapier, 
a sword worn only for ornament in dancing; 
dancing-room, a room for dancing ; sec. one for 
public dancing. Also DANCING-MASTER, -SCHOOL. 

1765 Cowrer Let. to ¥. Hill 3 July, Here is a card- 
assembly, and a*dancing-assembly. ¢1385 Cuaucer L.G. W. 
1106 Dido, To *daunsyng-chaumberys ..This Enyas is led. 
1592 Suaxs. Rom. § Ful. 1. v.33 Nay sit..For you and I are 
past our *dauncing daies. x Swirt Stella's Birthday, 
As when a beauteous nymph decays, We say, she’s past 
her dancing-days. 1843 Loncr. Sf. Student u. i, Now 
bring me. .my *dancing dress And my most precious jewels ! 
1839 — Hyferion 1. ili, Used as a *dancing-floor. 1 
Goxpsm. Let, Wks. 1881 IV. 474 When astranger enters the 
*dancing-hall he sees one end of the room taken up with the 
ladies. 1818 Scott rt. Mid/. ix, Nae frequenter of play- 
house, or music-house, or *dancing-house. 1878 tr. Ziemssen’s 
Cycl. Med, XIV. 416 As a pandemic disease, the *dancing- 
mania died out in the fifteenth century. 174 RicHARDSON 
Pamela 11. 145 All the Ladies could prevail upon my Master 
for, wasa *Dancing-match. 1852 Dickens Bleak H. II. vii, 
*Dancing-mistress though in her limited ambition she 
aspired to be. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 114 *Dawncynge pype, 
carola. 1847 As. Situ Chr. Tadpole xix. (1879) 167 Rhey 
all wear jackets and trowsers, and trodden out *“dancing- 
pumps. 1788 Wo tcort (P. Pindar) Peter’s Pension Wks. 
1812 II. 17 T’ illume The goodly Company and *Dancing- 
room. 1836 Murray's Handbk. N.Germ.271 Occupied by 
low taverns and dancing-rooms. 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 180 
te He Sas not exceeding Four Inches Height in the 

eel. 

Da‘ncing, ///. a. [-1Nc?.] That dances, in 
various senses of the verb. 

{c 1386 Cuaucer Kxt’s 7. 1343 What ladies fairest bene or 
best daunceinge.] 1568 Futwet Like W7ll to Like in Hazl. 
Dodsley 11. 310 Whom have we here? Tom Tumbler, or 
else some dancing bear? 1583 Stuspes Anat. Abus. 1. 
(1882) 33 Their dansing minions, that minse it ful gingerlie. 
1697 Drypven Virg. Georg. 1. 506 Chaff with eddy Winds is 
whirl'd around, And dancing Leaves are lifted 

round. _r70r De For 7rue-born Eng. 8 A Dansing 

ation, Fickle and Untrue. 1887 J. Batt Nat. in S. 
Amer. 15 The irregular surface of the little dancing waves. 

b. + Dancing-goats [Lat. capfre saltantes], a 
species of meteor or aurora: dancing-damsel, 
-wench, -woman = DANCING-GIRL. 

1 W. Furxe Meteors (1640) 6b, Of fiery meteors.. 
they have divers names: for they are called burning stubble, 
torches, dauncing or leapin: oates. bid. 7b, Dansing 
Goats are..as when two torches be seene together, and the 
flame appeareth to leape or daunce from one part to the 
other. 1606 G. W[oopcockeE] tr. Fustin 42 b, He begat 
Larissa, a dauncing damsel. Fryer Acc. E. India § 
P. 160 The Dancing Wenches singing with Bells at their 
Wrists and Heels, 1810 T. Witutamson &. Jndia Vade M, 
I. 386(Y.) The dancing-women are of different kinds. 

Da‘ncing-girl. [Dancinc Z7/. a.] 

1. A girl who dances in public; a female pro- 
fessional dancer; esp. in India, a nautch-girl 
(in Pg. batladetva, BAYADERE). 

1760 Go.pso. Cit. W. xlv, Pleased with the postures as 
well as the condescension of our dancing girls. 1782 Azn. 
Reg. 43 A = of strolling dancing girls from Surat 
appeared ona platform. 1842 Loner. Sp. Stud. 1. i, A mere 
dancing-girl, who shows herself Nightly, half-naked, on the 
stage, for money. 1848 Hr. Martineau Last. Life (1850) 
283 There was a booth with dancing-girls, a horrid sight. 

2. Dancing-girls: a plant, Mantisia saltatoria, 
cultivated in green-houses for the beauty and 
singularity of its purple and yellow flowers. 

1866 7reas. Bot. 719/t Its flowers..present some resem- 
blance to a ballet-dancer ; hence the popular name, Dancing 
Girls, applied tothe plant, 

mere R eA (davnsinli), adv. [f. Dancine ffl. a. 
+-LY 2.] a dancing or capering manner. 

1667 H. More Div. Dial, 1, xxxvi. (1713) 283 If you be 
so dancingly — Bs Chamb, Frnl. 27 Aug. 552/2 
Achill gleam. .lit dancingly on Miss Mattie’s face. 

Da‘ncing-ma:ster. [Dancin vé/. sb.] A 
professional teacher of dancing. 

(titde), The English Dancing-Master. 1681 Orway 
Soldier's Fort. v.v, Odd, they'll make an old fellow of sixty- 
five cut a caper like adancing-master, 1711 ADDISON Sect, 
No. 29 P 11 The Shepherds .. acquit themselves in a Ball 
better than our English Dancing-Masters. 1860 Emerson 
Cond. Life, Culture (Bohn) I. 371 In town, he can find 
the swimming-school, the gy , the dancing " 

Da‘ncing-school. [f. as prec.] A school 
for instruction in dancing. 


1580 Baret A/v. D 118 A daunsing schoole. 1599 SHAks. 
Hen, V, m. v. 32 They bid vs to the English ancing 
Schooles. 1647 Wan Simp. Cobler 9 The Church .. will 


sooner become the Devils dancing-Schoole, then Gods 
Temple. 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. IL. 356 A warn- 
ing that no young lady who attended dancing-school that 
winter should be employed. 

+ Dancitive, a. Ods. nonce-wd. [f. Dance v., 
on the analogy of sensitive : cf. talkative.] Inclined 
or given to dancing, 

1606 Sir G. Goosecappe u. in Bullen O, P?. 111. 31 Your 
Lord is very dancitive me thinkes, 


from the | 


24 


+ a. Her. Obs. rare. - [a. OF. dansté, 
danché :—late L. denticatus toothed, f. dent- tooth.] 
Toothed, indented. 


1611 Corcr., Danché, indented; or (as in termes of 
blazon) ~ 4706 Puitips, Dancette or Dancy. 

Dand, slang or dial. abbreviation of Danby. 

1886 T. Harpy Mayor of Cast. xxvii, Farfrae, being 
a young dand. x89r — Tess I. 89 You will never set out 
- without dressing up more the dand than that? 

Dandelion (dznd/lsion). Forms: 6 dent de 
lion, dentdelyon, dantdelyon, 6-7 dan-, dante- 
delyon, 7 dent-, dendelion, 6- dandelion. 
[a. F. dent de lion, in med.L. dens leonis, ‘lion's 
tooth’, from the toothed outline of the leaves.] 

1. A well-known Composite plant (7araxacum 
Dens-leonis or Leontodon Taraxacum), abundant 
in meadows and waste ground throughout Europe, 
Central and Northern Asia, and North America, 
with widely toothed leaves, and a large bright 
yellow flower upon a naked hollow stalk, suc- 
ceeded by a globular head of pappose seeds ; the 
leaves, stalk, and root contain a bitter milky juice. 

1513 Dovuctas Anes xu. Prol. 119 Seyr downis smaill on 
dent de lion sprang. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. xvi. 568 Dan- 
delion flowrethin April and August. /did. 569 The seconde 
kinde is called .. in shoppes Dens deonis .. in French Pisse- 
en-lict ..in Englishe Dandelyon. 1 Harti Ref. Silk- 
qwormt 31 They wil also eate the hearb called Dantedelyon. 
“~ RYON. Good House-w. xxii. (ed. 2) 216 Our Herb 
called Dandelion (that isin English, Lyons Tooth, because of 
the similitude of its Leaf). 1732 ArsutHNot Rules of Diet 
1. 249 The Juice of the Dandelion is a remedy in intermit- 
ting Fevers. 1805 Worpsw. laudracour & Fulia, A tuft 
of winged seed. .from the dandelion’s naked stalk .. Driven 
by the autumnal whirlwind. 1872 Ottver Elem. Bot. 1. 195 
In Dandelion, all the florets are. .ligulate and yellow. 


2. Applied, with qualifying words, to other . 


Composites: as Autumnal D., Apargia autum- 
nalis; Blue D., a species of lettuce (Lactuca 


sonchifolia) with toothed leaves ; Dwarf D.(U.S.), | 


Avigia virginica; False D., ‘a branching compo- 
site of the southern United States, Pyrrhopappus Ca- 
rolintanus, with dandelion-like heads’ (Cent. Dict... 


3. attrib. 

1656 Mennis & Smitu Musarum Del., Oberon’s A rel, 
His [Oberon’s] breeches. .lined with dandelyon plush. 1821 
Crare Vill. Minstr. 1. 114 The dandelion flowers. 1883 
Miss Brappon Gold. Calf vii. 83 As light and airy as that 
dandelion seed. 

Dander (dzndaz), sd.1 Sc. [Origin unknown]. 
A piece of the vitrified refuse of a smith’s fire or 
a furnace; a calcined cinder or piece of slag. 

x Newre Jour Eng. & Scot. 230 These [peats] burnt 
in kiln-pots leave a plate of yetlin amongst the ashes, which 
the country peoplecall a dander. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth 
iii, ‘ Nay, father,’ said the Smith, ‘you cannot suppose that 
Harry Gow cares the value of a smithy-dander for such 
acub.’ 1828 Specif. 7. Stirling's patent No. 5685. 3 
A layer of dander or the scorie obtained from the Carron 
Ironworks in Scotland. 1888 Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. Mar. 

8/1 The horse sprained the fetlock joint in the near fore- 

‘oot .. in consequence of a number of lumps of ashes or 

‘danders * having been left on the road. 

Dander (dendai), sé.2 [Origin uncertain: 
app. West Indian or American.] (See quot.) Now 
commonly Dunner, q.v. 

2¢ 1796 Sir J. Datrymp_e Odserv. Veast-cake 1 The season 
for working molasses lasts five months, of which three weeks 
are lost in making up the dander, that is, the ferment. 

Davnder, s/.3 =Danprvrr, q.v. 

Dander (de‘ndo1), sd.4.. U.S. collog. and dial. 
[Conjectured by some to be a fig. use of DANDER 3, 
dandruff, scurf; but possibly fig. of DanpER 2, 
ferment.] Ruffled or angry temper ; in phr. /o ge¢ 
one’s dander up, etc. 

1837-40 Hatipurton Clockm. (1862) 31 He was fairly ryled, 
and got his dander up. 1848 Lowrit Biglow P. Poems 1890 
IL. 49 Wud "ll git your dander riz? 1849 THackeray Pen- 

zs xliii, en my dander is up it’s the very thing to 

emeon. 1884 Cheshire Gloss. s.v.,‘1 got his dander 
3 means I ie him out of temper. [In Dialect Glossaries of 
umbrid., Sheffield, Berkshire.) 
Dander (de‘ndar), 5.5 Sc. and dial. Also 
daunder, dauner. [f. DanprEr v.] 
1. Sc. A stroll, a saunter. 
182ax Jos the Book-Man vy He'd from Edina take 
adander To Glasgow. 1883 Nasmyrn Autobiog. xxi. 379 
We had a long dander together through the Old Town. 
2. dial. A fit of shivering. 
1877 in Holderness Gloss. 
Dander (dendai), v. Sc. and dial. Also 
daunder, dauner, dawner. [A frequentative 
form like é/under, wander. Conjectured — 
to be akin to DANDLE: cf. dadder and daddle.] 
1. intr. To walk idly or E pepolmny; to stroll, 
saunter. (Sc. and north. dial.) 
@1600 Buret in Watson Collect. (1706) II. 19 (Jam.) 
hiles wandring, quhiles dandring. 1724 Ramsay 7%a-t. 
ise. (1733) 1. 7, iene through flow’ry hows I dander. 
1808 AnpERsON Cumbrid, Ball. 57 The wearied auld fwok 
dander’d heame. 1830 Gaur Lawrie 7. 1x. viii. (1849) 434, 
I would just dauner about and dwine away. < Fb 
Cartyte Lett. IL. 288 To see poor Jess Donaldeen' under- 
ing about, ning drawers and presses. 1889 BARRIE 

indow in Thrumts xvi. 153 Hendry dandered in to change 
his coat deliberately. 


| occasion. 


DANDIPRAT, 


2, dial. a. To ‘wander’ or ‘ ramble’ in talk, 
to talk incoherently. b. To tremble, to vibrate ; 
applied also to the rolling sound of a drum. In 
this sense akin to dunder, dunner. 

oe ee ee Roorves 1.8 


Hence Da‘nderer, one who ‘danders’ ; Dander- 


rs. Cartye Lett. II. 85 
ering individuals ’ dropping in. 

Dandiacal (dendaiakal), a. [A Carlylean 
derivative of Danby, after Aypochondriacal and 
the like.] Of the nature of, or characteristic of, 
a o-_ ; dandified. 

18: ‘ARLYLE Sart, Res, m1. x. (heading) The Dandiacal 
Body..It appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new 
modification .. of that primeval Superstition, Self- i 
rng Mrs. Cartyte Lett. I. 301 How washed out the beau- 
tiful dandiacal face looked. 1886 Sata in ///ustr. Lond. 
News 7 Aug. 138 Arrayed in the most dandiacal manner. 

Dandification (de-ndifiketfan). collog. [f. 
DANDIFY 4 The action of dandifying or fact of 
being dandified ; concr. a dandified adornment. 

1827 Blackw. Mag. XX1. 828 There is no dandification 
about it, no cockneyism. 1 Tuackeray Christmas Bhs. 
(1872) 137 [He] surveys his shining little boots .. his gloves 
and other dandifications with a pleased wonder. 

Da‘ndified, #//. a. collog. [f. next + -ED.] 
Made or adored in the style of a dandy; 
foppish. . 

1826 Disrarii Viv. Grey iv. i, He was dressed .. in the 
most dandified style that you can conceive, 1856 R. A. 
VaucHan Mystics (1860) I. vi. i. 1 ze. A rainbow-coloured, 
dandified puppy, a secretary of the bishop's. 

ify (dee'ndifai), v. collog. Also dandyfy. 
[see -ry.] ¢rans. To give the character or style of 
a dandy to; to make trim or smart like a dandy. 

1823 Mirror I. 365/2 Dandyfying in the first style for the 
1824 New Monthly Mag. X1. 150 The male is 
dandyfying his plumage. 1859 W. H. Grecory £; Il. 
134 For : iP smartened up and dandified, he uld 
become the object of envy. 

Darndilly, «. and sd. Sc. Also dandily. [app. 
a deriv. of Danpiev.] <A. adj. Petted, spoiled 
by being made too much of. Jamieson also gives 
the meaning ‘Celebrated’, B. 5d. A pet, a 
darling. : 

1500-20 Dunsar Schir, it remembir 62, 1 wes in 30wt 
on nureiss kne, [cald] Dandely, bischop, dandely. 1697 
CLetanp Poems 76 (Jam.) The fate of some [that] were 
once Dandillies, Might teach the younger em? fillies, 
Not for to trample poor cart-horse. 17.. in R. Jamieson 
9 Songs (1806) 1. 324 (Jam.) And he has married a dandily 
wife, She “Ta og — wad _ a. a aps a 
Songs am. dandilly toast of the parish Is woo’ 
and pe and a’. 1818 Br. Lamm. ems Yon 


dandill d 


..a’ gl ’ wi? goud and jewel 
Dandily, Dandiness: see Danby. 
Dandiprat (de‘ndipret). Ods. or arch. Also 

6 dande-, dandy-, dandipratt(e, danty-, 6-8 

dandy-, 7 dantiprat, (dand-prat). [Etymology 

unknown ; as the sense-development is also uncer- 
tain, the senses are here arranged chronologi- 


cally.] 
+L Applied to a small coin, worth three half- 
pence, current in England in the 16th c. sa i. 
1 
its. 


af se y Leta 5 ret ig. Lett. core I 
Suche a Coyne might as were 

1530 Patscr. 82 Coyle out the and Yrisshe 
pence, iste ECORDE Gr. Artes (1575) 198 A Dandiprat, 
worth 3 halfe 


H 

(srg) 95 : peste ie an earthen a ae Campen 

— 7th stamped a small coine 

RYNNE Antip. 99 A poore Knave, 

dandyprat. 

2. A small, insignificant, or contemptible fellow ; 
a dwarf, pygmy. Also aé/rid. Obs. or arch. 

1556 J. pth a Spider & F.\x. 1 — — the ais 

Bartas i. iv. 

thou Dandi- 


downe dandipratts, So sha! 
vandiprat bag bratts. Vae6 SYLVESTER 
i. (1641 195/2 Am I a Dog, thou Dwarfe, 


ns3 Sranyuurst 4neis 1. (Arb.) ue On father A2neas his 


little dandieprat. 1878 Catvertey /ly-Leaves, Cock & 
Bull, It's a thing I bought Of a bit ofachit of a boy. .‘ Chop 
was my snick dandiprat’s own term. 


~ then on him she frowns. 


DANDLE. 


‘Dandizette (dzndizet). Also dandisette, 
dandysette, -zette. [f. Danpy ; app. after French 
words like grése¢te.] A female dandy. 

1821 New Monthly Mag. 1. 5 city dandy and 
dandisette. 1825 Blackw. Mag. II. 336 Lord Fopping- 
ton was a dandy, and Lady Fanciful a dandyzette. 1890 
Daily News 16 Sept. 4/7 The humours of the Dandies and 
the Dandizettes are shown up. .in these pleasant pages. 

Dandle (dend’l), v. Also 6 dandil(1, -yll. 
ape known before 16th c. To be compared with 

t. dandola, var. of dondola, ‘a childes baby [ = 
doll]; also a dandling’ ; dandolare, var. of dondo- 
Jare, ‘to dandle the baby’ (Florio), to swing, toss, 
shake to and fro; dally, loiter, idle, play, sport, 
toy. But actual evidence of the derivation of the 
Eng. word from the Italian has not been found. 
Another suggestion is that the word may be 
cognate with Ger. zénde/z intr. ‘to dawdle, toy, 
trifle, dally, play, dandle’, dim. of MHG. ¢anden to 
make sport (with), play; but no word of this family 
is known in Old or Mid. Eng., and the sense is not 
so close to the English as in the Italian word.] 

1. trans. To move (a child, ete.) lightly up and 
down in the arms or on the knee. Also fig. 

1530 Patscr. 506/2, I dandyll, as a mother or nourryce 
doth a childe upon their lappe. 1614 Br. Hatt Recold. 
Treat. 804 Your Church, in whose lappe the vilest mis- 
creants are dandled. c ay Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 
79 [He] would often take her out of the cradle, dandle her 
in his armes. 1762 Gotpsm. Nash 93 Dandling two of 
Mr. Wood’s children on her knees. 1847 J. Witson Chr. 
North (1857) I. 146 He sits dandling his child on his knee. 
1882 F. P. Verney in Contemp. Rev. XLII. 961 The nurse 
took up a child and dandled it kindly. 

b. ¢ransf. To move (anything) up and down 
playfully in the hand. 

@ 1678 Marvett Poems, Checker Inn, Thou'lt ken him out 
> white wand He dandles always in his hand. 1865 
‘Tytor Zarly Hist. Man. ii. 20 In the sign... for ‘child’, 
the right elbow is dandled upon the left hand. 

2. fig. To make much of, pet, fondle, pamper. 

1575 GascoiGne Pr. Pleas. Kenilw. Wks. (1587) 12, 
I would confesse that fortune then, full freendly dyd me 
dandle. 1592 Wyrtey Avmorie 143 She dandles him, and 
1605 Z. Jones Loyer’s Specters 16 
Which did entertain and dandle him with all manner of de- 
lights. 1742 Younc N+. 7%. i. 315 By blindness thou art 
blest; By dotage dandled to perpetual smiles. 1881 GoLpwin 
Smitu Lectures § Ess. 42 No man or nation ever was 
dandled into greatness. 

+3. To trifle, play, or toy with. Ods. 

1569 E. Fenton Secr. Nature 66a, Noble men, whome 
she courted and dandled with such dissimuled sleightes in 
loue. 1596 SreNsER State Jrel. Wks. (Globe) 648/1 They 
doe soe dandle theyr doinges, and dallye in the service to 
them committed, as yf they would not have the Enemye 
subdued. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. (1632) 970 
King Henries Ambassadors .. hauing been dandled by the 
French during these illusiue practises. 1646 J. Hatt Hore 
Vac. 83 Some studies would be hug’d as imployments, others 
onely dandled as sports. 

4. intr. To play or toy (with). rare. 

1829 Westm. Rev. X1. 207 That sort of dandling with 
Irish history. CariyLe Fredk. Gt. V1. xvi. 1x. 256 
While dandling with the flute. 

+5. =Danc iE. Ods. (? erroneous.) 

1614 R. Tattor Hog hath lost Pearl w. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XI. 480 A holy spring, about encompassed By dandling 
sycamores and violets. 1656 W. D. tr. Comenius’ Gate Lat. 
Unl. § 147 The wild Swan. .in his crop, (dandling just below 
his beak) insatiable. 1687 A. LoveLt tr. Bergerac’s Com. 
Hist, 1. 33 Having more shaggy Rags dandling about me 
than the errantest Tatterdemallion. 

+6. =DanpveEr 1. Sc. Obs. 

a@ 1600 Bure in Watson Collect. (1706) II. 39 (Jam.) Euin 
as the blind man gangs be ges, In houering far behynd, So 
dois thou dandill in distres. 

Dandler (dendlez). [f. DanpLe+-zR1.] One 
who dandles: see the verb. 

1598 Fiorito, 7rescatore, a iester, a dallier, a dandler. 
1611 Corcr., Mignardeur, a luller, dandler, cherisher. 1830 
Cunnincuam Brit. Paint. 1, 269 Poor Miss Morris was no 
dandler of babes. 

+ Dandling, sd. Ods. (or dial.) [f. DANDLE z. 
+-InG.] A dandled child; a fondling, a pet. 

1611 Corcr., Mignot, a wanton, feddle, fauorite ; a dilling, 
dandling, darling. 1695 Kennetr Par. Antig. App. 605 
Fortune..before made him her dandling. [1847-78 Hat- 
LIWELL, Dandling, a fondling child.] E M 

Dandling (de-ndlin), 747. sd. [-In¢1.] The 
action of the verb DANDLE, q.v. 

1sgx W. Wess Let. toR. Wilmott in Tancred § Gismund, 
Let it run abroade (as many ntes doe their children once 
past dandling). 1502 Swaks, ‘if Ad. 562. 1602 Marston 
Ant. & Mel. 1m. Wks. 1856 I. 39 That wanton dandling of 
your fan, 1836 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. (1852) 260 [He] 
has long out-grown the need of any critical dandling. 

Darndling, #//. a. [-1n¢2.] That dandles: 
see the verb. Hence Da‘ndlingly adv. 

1598 FLorio, Vezzosaménte, wantonly, dandlinglie. 

Dandruff, dandriff (de-ndr#f, -if). Forms: 
6 dandrif, 6-7 -ruffe, -raff(e, 7 -ruf, -riffe, 7- 
-ruff, -riff; also 6-7 dandro, 8-9 dander. [Of 
unknown origin. 

For conjectures, see Wedgwood, Edward Miiller, Skeat : 
—¢ satisfactory has been suggested.] 

Dead scarf-skin separating in small scales and 
entangled in the hair; scurf. 

Vor, III. 


25 


1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde w. vi. (1634) 198 They 
that bene blacke hayre haue more store of Dandruffe then 
others. 1601 Hottanp Pliny xx. vi, The iuice of Garlick 
being taken in drink clenseth the head from dandruffe. 1611 
Corar., Crasse de la teste, Dandriff; the skales that fall 
from the head, etc. in combing. 1730 Swirt Poems, Lady's 
Dressing-R oom, Combs. . Fill’d up with Dirt. .Sweat, Dand- 
riff, Powder, Lead and. Hair. 1866 Youatr /orse xv. 342 
The scales which fall off in the shape of dandriff. 

B. 1591 Percivart Sf. Dict., Caspa de cabega, Dandro, 
Furfures capitis. 1650 BuLWER Ciacniied ieinis 53 To breed 
Lice and Dandro, after the manner of your Irish. 1786 
Sportsman's Dict. G g viij, Some horses have neither scales, 
dander, or scabs. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Dander,a slight scurf 
on the skin. 

attrib. 1668 Drypen Evening’s Love w. iii, There’s the 
dandriff comb you lent. me. 

Hence Da‘ndruffy a., scurfy. : 

1858 Mayne Rein in Chamd. Frnl. IX. 333 A white 
dandruffy surface was exhibited. ae, 

Dandy (deendi), sd.1 (and a.). [Origin un- 
known. In use on the Scottish Border in the end 
of the 18th c.; and about 1873-1819 in vogue in 
London, for the ‘exquisite’ or ‘swell’ of the period. 

Perhaps the full form was Jack-A-DANby, which occurs from 
1659, and in 18th c. had a sense which might pass into that 
of ‘dandy’. Connexion with dandifrat or with F, dandin 
has been guessed, but without any apparent ground. It is 
worthy of notice also that Dandy = Andrew in Sc. See 
Rev. C. B. Mount in WV. § Q. 8th Ser. IV. 81.] 

I. 1. One who studies above everything to 
dress elegantly and fashionably; a beau, fop, 
‘exquisite’. 

c1780 Sc. Song (see NV. § Q. 8th Ser. IV. 81), I've heard my 
granny crack O’ sixty twa years back When there were sic 
a stock of Dandies O; Oh they gaed to Kirk and Fair, Wi’ 
their ribbons round their hair, And their stumpie drugget 
coats, quite the Dandy O. 1788 R. GaLtoway Poems (Jam.), 
They.. laugh at ilka dandy at that fair day. 1818 Moorr 
Fudge Fam. Parisi. 48 They've made hima Dandy, A thing, 
you know, whiskered, great-coated, and laced, Like an hour- 
glass, exceedingly small in the waist. 1819 ANDERSON 
Cumbria, Ball. (1823) 148, 1..went owre to see Carel Fair ; 
I’d heard monie teales o’ thur dandies—Odswinge ! how 
they mek the fwok stare! 183r CarLyLe Sart. Res. m1. x, 
A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing Man, a Man whose trade, 
office, and existence consists in the wearing of Clothes. 1874 
Dasent Halfa Life Il. 65 Like the cabriolets which some 
dandies still drive. | : 

b. Said of animals and things. 

1835 Sir G. STEPHEN Adz’. Search Horse ii. 18, I mounted 
manyaslug and many another dandy before I again ventured 
to buy. 1885 Runciman Skippers & Sh. 54 The barque 
looked a real dandy. 

2. slang or collog. Anything superlatively fine, 
neat, or dainty; esf.in phr. the dandy, ‘ the correct 
thing’, ‘the ticket’. 

1784 G. Corman Song in Two to One, Her breath is like 
the rose, and the pretty little mouth Of pretty little Tippet 
is the Dandy O! 1814 Afodio (in NV. & Q. 6th Ser. 1X. 136), 
For marriage to old maids is the dandy, O. 1832 W. 
STEPHENSON Gateshead Local Poems 105 A cure for coughs 
I know, It will prove the dandy. 1837-40 HatisurToN 
Clockm, (1862) 340 The new railroad will be jist the dandy 
for you. 1887 Amer. Angler XII. 360, I had the largest, 
the dandy, and was satisfied. 

II. Technical and other senses; app. transferred 
applications of prec. to things considered neat, 
trim, or ‘ tidy’ in form or action. 

8. Maut. ‘A sloop or cutter with a jigger-mast 
abaft, on which a mizen-lug-sail is set’ (Smyth, 
Sailor's Word-bk.). Hence dandy-rig, -rigged adjs. 

1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 134 Dandy 3, Flats 4. 1880 
Daily News 12 Nov. 27 Busy Bee, fishing dandy, of Lowes- 
toft, struck on a wreck and foundered. 1886 7%es 2 Jan. 
3 The lifeboats..dandy Snowdrop, of Ramsgate..dandy 
Lady’s Page, of Scarborough .. dandy Seabird, of Yar- 
mouth, saved vessel and six. 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dandy-rigged-cutter, 1883 
Fisheries Exhib. Catal, (ed. 4) 132 An elliptical stern 
Dandy-rig Fishing-boat. 1891 Dazly News 15 Dec. 5/6 His 
smack .. dandy-rigged, and of only thirty-seven tons, was 
again overtaken by a storm, : 

4. Naut. A piece of mechanism, resembling a 
small capstan, used for hoisting the trawl. Hence 
dandy-span, the handle-bar by which a dandy 
is worked. 

1883 Fisheries E#hib. Catal. 10 Bridles, Dandies .. 
Hauling Lines, and Running Gear. /d/d. 12 Manilla Bridles 
- Dandy Span. 

5. dial. A bantam fowl. (Dandy-cock, dandy-hen.) 

1828 Craven Dialect, Dandy-cock, a bantam cock, a diminu- 
tive species of poultry. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dandy, 
a bantam, The sexes are specified as dandy-cock and 
dandy-hen. 1887 S. Cheshire Gloss. 167 ‘Hey struts abowt 
likea dando 

6. Zrish. A small jug ; a small glass (of whisky). 

1838 Blackw, Mag. May (Farmer), ‘ Father Tom and the 
Pope’. Dimidium cyathi vero apud Metropolitanos Hiber- 


nicos dicitur dandy. 1859 AdZ Year Round No. 12. 285 : 


Take a dandy—there’s no headache in Irish whisky. 

7. In various other technical applications; e.g. 
a handy accessory to various machines or struc- 
tures; a running-out fire for melting pig-iron in 
tin-plate manufacture; a small false grate fitted 
for purposes of economy into an ordinary grate or 
fireplace; a light iron hand-cart used to carry coke 
to a blast furnace; also short for DANDY-CART, 
-ROLLER, 

1850 Mrs. F. Trottope Petticoat Govt, 13 She blew 
a small dandy-ful of shavings and cinders into warmth, for 


DANDY-CART. 


the purpose of causing the water in her diminutive kettle to 
boil. 1851 Rep. Furies of Exhibition 428 A channelled and 
perforated roller technically called a ‘dandy’, to remove 
part of the water from the pulp. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II]. 
490 The two rollers following the dandy.. are termed 
couching-rollers. _ 1! W. H. Greenwoop Steel & rox 
276 Price’s puddling furnace .. consists of a bed or hearth 
at one end of which is a chamber or dandy in which the pig- 
iron is first placed for preliminary heating. 1892 [see 
Danpy-cartT]. 

Hence (sonce-wds.) Da‘ndyhood, the state or 
style of a dandy. Da‘ndyica., dandyish. Da‘ndy- 
ize v. zntr.,to play the dandy. Da‘ndy-jack v., 
to play the jack-a-dandy. Da‘ndy-land [cf. fazry- 
Zand), the (imaginary) land of dandies. Da‘ndy- 
ling, a diminutive or petty dandy. 

1823 New Monthly Mag. VII. 229 Prank’d out in dandi- 
hood withal To the top pitch of fashion’s folly. 1832 
Fraser's Mag. V.171 Done..not with philosophic, perma- 
nent colours, but with mere dandyic ochre and japan. 1830 
Ibid. 11, 200 We have dandyised in our time with the .. 
turbaned exquisites of ..Stamboul. 1831 CarRLyLE Sars. 
Res, ut. x, Those Dandiacal Manicheans, with the host of 
Dandyising Christians, will form one body. 1887 Fenn 
Master of Cerem. xi, ‘My, he do go dandy-jacking along 
the cliff.” 183r Moore Svszauer Féte 498 Two Exquisites, 
a he and she, Just brought from Dandyland, and meant For 
Fashion’s grand Menagerie. 1846 Worcester, Dandyling, 
a little dandy ; a ridiculous fop. Ow. Rev. 

B. attrib. and adj. Of, belonging to, or charac- 
teristic of a dandy or dandies; of the nature of a 
dandy ; affectedly neat, trim, or smart, 

1813 Byron Let. to Moore 25 July, The season has closed 
with a Dandy Ball. 1821 — ¥uazv. cxliii, Even a Dandy’s 
dandiest chatter. 1824 Miss Mitrorp Vilage Ser. 1. (1863) 
172 The stiff cravat, the pinched-in waist, the dandy-walk. 
1848 THackeray Van. Fair |x, A dandy little hand in 
a kid-glove. 1887 Jessopr Arcady 194 They .. had the 
dandy youths taught how to ride. 

Hence Da‘ndily adv., Da‘ndiness. 

1834 Hraser’s Mag. 1X. 147 We were not so dandily 
dressed. 1825 Sourney Let¢. (1856) III. 473 The first two 
numbers .. displeased me as much by their dandiness as 
’s does by its blackguardism. 

Dandy, s/.* Also dandy-fever. [See DENGUE.] 
The popular name in the West Indies of DeNcur 
fever, on its first appearance there in 1827. 

1828 STEDMAN in Eazn. Med. Frnl. XXX. 227 As it was 
unknown to the faculty, the vulgar, as commonly happens, 
gave it names of their own; and ridiculous as they may 
sound, they soon became the only appellations of the new 
malady. ‘The English negroes in St. Thomas called it the 
Dandy Fever, while the French vulgar called it the Bouguet, 
which again was corrupted into the Bucket, — tbid. 239 
The contagion was supposed to be brought by a vessel from 
the coast of Africa which touched at St. Thomas. 1830 
Furtonce /did. XXXIII. 51 (¢7¢/e) A few remarks on the 
Dandy which prevailed in the West Indies towards the close 
of 1827 and beginning of 1828. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. 
Hygiene (ed. 3) 573 ‘ Dandy fever’, or break-bone (Dengue), 
has prevailed several times. 1880 Facc & Pye Smitu 7e2t- 
bk. Med., The negroes called the new disease ‘ Dandy-fever’, 
apparently in ridicule of the attitude and gait of the patient. 

|| Dandy, dandi (de:ndi), 56.3 Anglo-Jnd. 
Also dandee. [Hindi dandi, deriv. of dand, dand 
staff, oar (Yule).] 

1. A boatman of the Ganges. 

1685 Hepces Diary 6 Jan. (Y.), Our Dandees (or Boat- 
men) boyled their rice. 1763 W. Hastines in Long Select. 
Rec. (1869) 347 (Y.) They. . plundered and seized the Dandies 
and Mangies’ vessel. c¢18r3 Mrs. SHERwoop Ayah & 
Lady ix. 51 To make sport for the dandies, and other 
people inthe boat. 1867 SMytH Sailor's Word-bk., Dandies, 
rowers of the budgerow boats on the Ganges. 

2. (Dandz.) A S’aiva mendicant who carries a 
small wand (F. Hall). 

1832 H. H. Witson in Aszatic Res, XVII. 173 The 
Davr'dt is distinguished by carrying a small da7#'d, or wand, 
with several processes or projections. 1862 Brveripce Hist, 
India 11, w. ii. 74 The Dandis, distinguished by carrying 
a small dand or wand. f 

3. ‘A kind of vehicle used in the Himalaya, con- 
sisting of a strong cloth slung like a hammock to 
a bamboo staff, and carried by two (or more) men 
[dandy-wallahs|’ (Yule). 

1870 C. F. Gorpvon Cummine in Gd. Words 135/1 As the 
darkness closed in, my dandy-wallahs stumbled, so that 
I had to give up the attempt to use the dandy, and struggle 
on on foot. 1888 Zimes 2 July 5/2 Major Battye and 
Captain Urmston joined the rear and placed the wounded 
man in a dandy. : 

Darndy-brush. [app. f. Danny sJ.!]_ A stiff 
brush used in cleaning horses, made of split whale- 
bone or vegetable fibre, as the stiff root fibres of 
Chrysopogon Gryllus, the Venetian or French 


Whisk. = aN 

1 wnl. R. Agric. Soc. See ae bg en have every 
pallts well brushed with what is called a dandy-brush 
(being a brush made with whale-bone, for taking the rough 
dirt off horses). 1879 Miss Brappon Vixen xxxii. 249 Poor 
Bates.. brushed away more than one silent tear with the 
back of the dandy-brush. 

Dandy-cart. A kind of spring-cart, used by 
milkmen, etc. 

1861 Ramsay Remin. Ser. 11. 105 May be some 0’ ye wad be 
sae kin’ as to gie me a cast out in a dandy-cart, 1892 
Melbourne Age 31 Dec. 10/1 Advt., Milk dandy, good, high 
wheels, half cost. 

Dandy-cock, -hen: see Danpy! 5. 

Dandy-fever: see Danpy 2, 


4* 


DANDY-HORSE. 


-horse. A kind of veloci 
early form of the 
a bar between the two wheels, and propelled him- 
self by pushing the ground with each foot alter- 
nately. : 

1819 J. Hopcson in J. Raine Men. (1857) I. 247 The 
little boys about London are all getting dandy-horses, for 
such seems at present the name of the Velocipede. 1892 
Strand Mag. IV. (Evolution of Cycle) Mr. Dennis 

ohnson..a coachmaker at 75 Long-acre took out a patent 
for this dandy or hobby-horse in 1818. 

Dandyish (de‘ndijif),¢. [f. Danpy1+-1sH.] 
Somewhat characteristic of a dandy; foppish. 

1826 Disraett Viv. Grey 1v. v, Pacing Bond Street..with 
an air at once dandyish and heroical. 1883 F, H. Burnett 
Through one Admin. l. vii. 70 His rather dandyish light 


overcoat. 
(deendijiz’m). [f. as prec. + -ISM.] 
The character, style, or manners ofa dandy. _ 

1819 Blackw. Mag. 1V. 565 The affectation of Dandyism 
on the part of some..of our day. 1883 V. Stuart Egypt 
32 A house. .with some attempt at architectural dandyism. 
Dandy-line. [Cf Danpy s0.1 4] A kind 
of line used in herring fishing: see quot. 

1882 Day Fishes Gt. Brit. 215 The ‘dandy-line’ is used in 
herring fishery at Peterhead..A piece of lead about 14 lb. 
in weight is attached to a line, which carries at short 
intervals transverse pieces of whalebone or cane, having 
unbaited hooks at either end. Herrings are such hungry 
fish that they fly at the naked hooks, and are easily caught 
in this manner. 

Dandy-loom. A name given to a loom in- 
vented by William Radcliffe and patented in 1805 
by Thomas Johnson. 


1823 Mech. Mag. 1. 45 A hand loom on anew construction 
has been recently introduced which has received the appella- 


e, an 


bicycle, in which the rider sat on | 


26 


Daneg » -gelt (déingeld, -gelt). Eng. 
Llist. so 4 Dangilde, 4-6 Danegilt, Dane 
gilt, 5-7 Dane ghelte, Daneghelt, 6 Dane gelt, 
7 Danageld, 7-9 Danegelt. [Corresponds to 
ON. *Dana-giald, in ODa. Danegjeld, mod.Da. 
Danegeld, f. Dana-, Dane- +, ald, Seles payment, 
tribute, corr. to OE. gze/d, , geld, whence ME. 
eld, ld, YELD. Cf. med.L. Danigeldum.] 

An annual tax imposed at the end of the roth c. 
or in the 11thc., originally (as is supposed) to 
provide funds for the protection of England from 
the Danes, and continued after the Norman Con- 
quest as a land-tax. 

The name is not known to occur in OE., and the actual 
contemporary notices, beginning with Domesday, are 
mainly of character. Bromton (14th c.) calls it ‘ talla- 
gium datum Danis’, apparently identifying it with the ga/o/ 
or tribute paid to the Danes ingg1, and on two subsequent oc- 
casions, to buy them off. In the so-called ‘ Laws of Eadweard’ 
(Schmid 496) it is described as an annual tax to hire mer- 
cenaries to resist and put down pirates. This might identify 
it with the Aeregy/d ‘army-tax’ levied by the Danish kings 
to maintain their army and navy (see O.E. Chron. 1039-40), 
and said to have been afterwards remitted by Edward the 
Confessor. Mr. Freeman suggests (Norm. Cong. II. aoe 
Q) ‘that Denageld was a opel name of dislike, originally 
applied to the payments made to buy off the Danes, and 
thence transferred to these other payments made to Danish 
and other mercenary troops, from the time of Thurkill 


| onwards’. The Danegeld was levied as a land-tax by the 


tion of the Dandy Loom. 1878 A. Bartow Weaving 245 


Radcliffe’s loom was long known as the ‘ Dandy loom’, 
Da‘ndy-note. A document used in the 

British Customs for giving the export officer par- 

ticulars of the bonded goods delivered from a ware- 


house for shipment at his station. 

{The name is generally held, by those who have to do 
with the matter, to be a corruption of Addenda note, these 
documents being of the nature of addenda to the Pricking 
Notes, used to advise the export officers of bonded goods 
intended for shipment.] 


Dandy-ro:ller. Also dandy-roll. Pafer- 
making. A perforated roller for solidifying the 
partly-formed web of paper, and for impressing the 
water mark. 

(Patented by John Wilks in 1830, No. 5934, but the 
word does not occur in his specification.) 

1839 Specif. Joynson's Patent No. 7977. 2 [The] said roller 
is commonly known by the name of a dandy roller, a dancer, 
or atop roller. case Ure Dict. Arts Ill. 491 The pulp.. 
receiving any desired marks by means of the dandy-roller. 
1879 Print. Trades Frnl. xxv. 9 Dandy-roll..for pro- 
ducing water-marks on writing papers. 

Dandysette, -zette : see DANDIZETTE. 

Dane (déin). [Corresponds to Da. Daner, ON. 
Danir:—OTeut. Dani-z pl., Danes, L. Danz pl. 
The OE. form was Dene pl. (with umlaut), which 
would have given Dene in ME.: cf. OE. Dene- 
mearc in 11th ¢., later Denmearc, Denmarc, in 
ON. Danmirk (:—marku), Da. Dannemark, Dan- 
mark, the Danish mark or country, Denmark.] 

1. A native or subject of Denmark ; in older usage 
including all the Northmen who invaded England 
from the gth to the 11th c. 

gor O. E. Chron., Butan 3am dzle be under Dena onwalde 
Wes. at Jbid. an. 1018 (Laud MS.) And Dene and 
Engle wurdon sam male zt Oxnaforda. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 
24771 (Cott.) Harald. .pat born waso pe danis [v. 7. danas, 
danes) blod. 1483 Cath. Angl. 9 A Dan, dacus, guidam 
populus. 1596 SpPensER State red, Wks. (Globe) 642/2 The 
others [hills] that are rounde were cast up by the Danes. . for 
they are called Dane-rathes, thatis, hills of the Danes. 1602 
Suaxs. Ham. v. ii. 352, | am more an Antike Roman than 
a Dane. 1682 Evetyn Let. to Pepys 19 Sept., If euer there 
were a real dominion [of the seas] in the world, the Danes 
must be yielded to haue had it. 1863 Tennyson Welcome 
to Alexandra, Saxon and Norman and Dane are we, 
But all of us Danes in our welcome of thee. 

2. Applied to a breed or breeds of dogs. 

Great Dane (also simply Dane): a large, powerful, short- 
haired breed of dog, between the mastiff and greyhound 
types. Lesser Dang: the Dalmatian, or coach-dog. 

{1750 Burron Hist. Nat. s.v. Chien, Le grand d 


Norman kings; it disappears under that name after 1163, 
but in fact continued caer the name of fad/age. 

[99 O. E. Chron., On pam geare man gera@dde pet man 
geald zrest gafol Deniscan mannum, for pam _mycclan 
brogan pe hi worhtan be pam sz riman.] 1086 Domesday 
Bk, (1816) 336 Stanford..dedit geldum T. R. E. pro. XII. 
hundrez & dimidio. In exercitu & nauigio & in Danegeld. 
1100-35 Charter to London in Stubbs Sel. Ch. i. 103 
Et [cives] sint quieti de schot et de loth, de Danegildo et 
de murdro. c¢ 1250 Gloss. Law Terms in Rel. Ant. 1. 33 
Danegeld, Tailage de Danatis. ¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, 
(1810) 57 Edward him granted..pat neuer be Dangilde.. 
Suld be chalanged for man of Danes lond. 
Gold. Leg. 324/2 An ayde was thenne cleped the dane 
ghelte. 1577 Hotinsuep Chron. I. 239 an. 991 This 
money was called Danegylt or Dane money, and was 
levyed of the people. Although others take that to be 
Danegylte, whiche was gyuen unto such Danes as king 
Egelred afterwards reteyned in his service, to defende the 
lande from other Danes and enimyes. 1644 MiLton A reof. 
(Arb.) 73 Not he who takes up armes for cote and conduct, 
and his four nobles of Danegelt. 1756 P.C. Wess Short 
Acc. Danegeld 2 \t was called Danegeld as being originally 
agreed to be paid to the Danes, and, like many other 
things, continued to retain the name long after it became 
appropriated to uses entirely different. 1873 Stusss Const. 
Hist. 1. 105 It may be questioned whether any money 
taxation properly so called ever existed before the imposi- 
tion of Danegeld by Ethelred the Unready. /éid. I. 279 
‘The Conqueror. .imposed the Danegeld anew. did. I. 462 
The Danegeld from this very year 1163 ceases to appear as 
a distinct item of account in the Pipe Rolls. 

Dane-law (dénl5). Also 1 Dena lagu, 3 
Denelaze, Dene lawe, 6 Dane lawe, 8 Dane- 
lage, (-lege), 9 Dane-lagh. Latinized 2 Dene- 
laga, 2-9 Danelaga. [OE. Dena /agu Danes’ 
law, of which Dane-/aw is a modern equivalent.] 

1. The Danish law anciently in force over that 
part of England which was occupied or held by 
the Danes. 

c 1050 Laws of Edw. & Guthr. 7 (Bosw.) Gylde lahslihte 
inne on Dena lage and wite mid Englum. a 1135 Leges 
Hen. 1, vi. 2 (Stubbs Sed, Chart. 1, 100) Legis etiam 
Anglicae trina est partitio .. alia enim Westsexiae, alia 
Mircena, alia Denelaga est. a 1300 Shires of Eng. inO.F. 
Misc. 146 Pes .xxxij. schire syndon to delede on preo lawan, 
On is west-sexene lawe, oper Dene lawe, pe prydde Mercena 
lawe..To Dene lawe bilympep.xv.schire, 1576 LamparpE 
Peramb, Kent (1826) p. xvi, The Dane lawe, West-Saxon 
lawe, and Merchen lawe: The first of which was brought in 
bythe Danes. 1765 BLackstonr Comm, (1830) I. Introd. 66 

he Dane-Lage, or Danish law, the very name of which 
speaks its original and composition. 

2. Hence, The part of England over which this 
law prevailed, eres the district north-east of 
Watling Street, ceded by the Treaty of Wedmore, 
878, or perhaps the Northunfbrian territory in 
Danish occupation. 

This use ap explicitly only in modern_historians 
(chiefly under the barbarous forms Dane-/age, Dane-lagh, 
which are neither Old nor modern English), though founded 


1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. III. viii. 286 The Bull-dog, as 
r. Buffon supposes, is a breed between the small Bane 
and the English mastiff. The — Dane is the tallest dog 
that is generally bred in England. ibid. - The great 
Dane. 1800 Sypennam Epwarps Cynogr. Brit. s.v., A 
beautiful variety, called the Harlequin Dane, has a finely 
marbled coat. 1870 Brains Encycl. Rur. Sports 394 The 


reat Dane is rather pied or patched than spotted .. 
e lesser Dane dog, imatian, or coach dog. 1883 
Great Dane Club Rules (Standard of Points), The Great 


Dane is not so heavy as the Mastiff, nor should he too 
nearly approach the Greyhound in type. 1891 7imes 
28 Oct. 11/5 Great Danes have certainly become very popular 
during the last few years. 

3. attrib, or as adj, =DANISH. 

1873 Stusss Const. Hist. 1. 199 The amalgamation of the 
Dane and Angle population began from the moment of the 
conversion. 

Dane, obs. form of Dan 1, Dran. 

Danebrog: see DANNEBROG. 


on t ges, such as those of quots. 1050, 1300, in 1. 
{In Icelandic ‘law’ had, according to Vig usson, the 
sense ‘law-district’, ‘a/most as a local name’ in Gudapings- 
lig, —* etc.] 

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 299/2 The eastern part of England 
retained long after the name of Danelagh, or Danish law. 
1874 Green Short Hist, i. 50 The Danelagh, as the district 


occupied by the Danes to be called. 1877 Freeman 
Norm. Cong. (ed. 3) II. 663 Danes in the sense of being 
inhabitants of the B . 3886 F. York Powe. /ist, 


Eng. to 1509, 1. vi. 37 He [K. Eadmund] got the whole 
Danelaw south of Humber into his hands. 

+ Da‘ne-money. Ols. = DANEGELD. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & M. me. I, 679/t Without paying of 
any of imposition or ys 

Da‘nes’-blood. [Of the same origin as Danz- 
wort, q.v.] Alocal name for plants abundant on 
sites noted for the slaughter of Danes. 

a. The Danewort or Dwarf Elder. : 
1607 CAMDEN Brit, 326 Ebulum enim quod sanguineis 


1483 CAXTON | 


DANGER. 


baccis hic [at Bartlow] circumquaque copiose prouenit, non 
alio nomine quam Danes-b/oud, id est Danicum sanguinem, 


etiamnum jitant, ob multitudinem Danorum qui 
ibidem i 1 me py Anc. Fun. Mon. Feed 
Dane-wort, which, with -red berries, commeth 
a they still call SD other lamees tha 
oud, of the number of es that there were slaine. 
By Ausrey Nat. Hist. Wilts (2847) 50 Danes-blood 
(e ) about S| is plenty. re was hereto- 
fore a great t with the Danes, which made the inhabi- 
tants give it that name. Gardener's Chron. IV. 515. 


(Note.—The berries of this it are not red, but black 
or reddish black, ee | a violet dye]. 

b. Clustered Bell-flower, Campanula glomerata. 

1861 Miss Pratt Flower, Pi. 111. 342 The author. .found 
this clustered bell-flower [at Bartlow, Cambs.] largely 
scattered about these mounds..and was told that it was 
* Danes-blood ’. 

c. The Pasque-flower, Anemone Pulsatilla. 

So called in East Anglia, Essex, Cambs., Herts. (Britten 
& Holland.) 

Da-nes’-flower. oca/. =DANES’-BLOOD c. 

bs Britten & Hottanp cite the name from Cam- 
bridgeshire. ; 

Daneweed (dénw/d). [See next.] 

+a. A local name for Eryngium campestre. Obs. 
b. =Danewort. (Prior Plant-n.) 

1748 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. U1. 416 (D.) Everythin 
hernhouts is attributed to the Danes, because of the 
rox, eat Daventry, which they suppose to have been 
built by them. ‘The road hereabouts. . being overgrown with 
Daneweed [Eryngium], they fansy it sprung from the blood 
of the Danes slain in battle. 1 W. Stuxerey Mem. 
(Surtees) III. 56 Much daneweed still grows upon the 
Roman road in Castor fields. 

Danewort (déinwzit). Forms: 6 danwoort, 
danewurt, daine-, daynworte, 6-7 danwort 
danewoort, 7- danewort. [f. Dane+ Wort, 
in accordance with a popular notion that the plant 
sprang up in places where Danes slaughtered 
Englishmen or were slaughtered by them.] 

A name for the Dwarf Elder, Sambucus Ebulus. 

(The name is found in Turner 1538, but only the earlier 
name Wallwort or Wellewort, OE. weadwyrt, is given in 
Sinon. Barthol. of 14th c., and Aiphita c 1450; Rous also, 
who died 1491, in relating the legend, has only the 
name Walwort; so that the names Danewort, Daneweed, 
Dane's blood, etc. can hardly have belonged to early 
tradition. While suggested in part by the abundance of 
the plant at certain spots historical =A or traditionally 
associated with slaughter, there was also an element of 
fanciful etymol in explaining the Latin name Abulus 
from ebullire to bubble forth, with reference to the flowing 
of blood. See also WALLwort.) 

a 1491 J. Rossi [Rous] Hist. Reg. Angl.(1716) 105 Herbam 
ebule, id est Walwort,..qux ex ebullitione san ‘inis 
humani naturaliter originemtrahit. 1538 Turner Lidbed/us, 
Danwort, chameacte. 1 — He 1, (1568) Ovja, 
Walwurt..named in englyshe also danewurt..hath a spoky 
or busshy top as elder hath. 1578 Lyte Dodoens um. xlv. 
380 This herbe is called..in Englishe Walwort, Danewort, 
and Bloodwort. 1640 Parkinson 77 . Bot, 210 It is 
supposed it tooke the name Danewort from the strong 
purging quality it hath, many times bringing them that 
use it unto a fluxe, which then we say they are troubled 
with the Danes. 186x Miss Pratr Flower. Pé. IIL. 131 
Dwarf Elder, or Danewort..is..an herb and not a tree. 

Dang, v. A euphemistic substitute for Damn. 

1793-7 Spirit Pub. Frnis. (1799) 1. 146 (Kentish man 
says] Dang me, if I sometimes know how to answer them. 
180z R. A noenecs Cumbrid. Ballads, Barbary Beil, 
‘Wey, dang it!’ says I, ‘but this is nit fair!’ 
Dickens Nich. Nick. ix,‘ Dang my boans and boddy if I 
stan’ this ony longer’. 1884 J. Purves in Gd. Words May 
330/2 ‘ Dang me if I can make out what they mean to be at’. 
1 Mrs. Ranpotrn Mostly Fools 11. v. 142 ‘Danged 
shady lot’. ee x 

Dang, pa. t. of Dine z.; also its dial. equivalent 
=to drive, push, knock, or dash. 

1877 Holderness Gloss. Dang, to throw anything with 
vehemency, or passion. 1878 Cumbrid. Gloss., Dang, to 
push, to strike. 1887 Cheshire Gloss., Dang, to dash n 
or about, 

Danger (d7'-ndzaz), sb. Forms: 3-6 daunger, 
4-5 daungere, dawnger(e, dangere, 5 daungeur, 
dangeour, 5-6 daungeour(e, 6 daungier, daen- 
gier, Sc. dangeir, -gier, -geare, denger, 4- 
danger. [a. OF. — danger :—late L. 
*dominiarium, deriv. dominium \ordship, 
sovereignty, f. dominus lord, master. The sense- 
development took place in OF.: see Godefroy. 
For the @ cf. Dan 4 ; 

+1. Power of a lord or master, jurisdiction, 
dominion; power to dispose of, or to hurt or 
harm; esp. in phr. in (a person's) danger, 
within his power or at his mercy; sometimes 
meaning sfec. in his debt, or under obligation to 
him. Ods. or arch. postal PE od 

a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 356, & polied ofte nger of swuche 
oderwhule pet muhte beon ower prel. 9: Grovuc, 
(Rolls) 1751 Pat he wolde hom al out bringe dau of 
rome. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prod, 663 In dawngere had he att 


his owen gise The 3onge of pe diocise. 1440 J. 
Sumiey Dethe K, Yames (1818) 19 ha oy nevyr 


os jawnger. 
re! 

Ridley’ 
the kings of t iful and merciful’. 
1596 Suaue. Merch. V. 1. i, 180 You stand within his 


DANGER, 


danger, do you not? 1603 Knoties Hist. Turks (1621) 
408 He..having got him within his danger, cruelly put 
him to death. #1679 Hosses Rihet. 1, xiti. (1681) 33 Per- 
sons obnoxious to Injury are..Such as are in our danger. 

1825 Scott Betrothed xxx, If the Constable were once 
within his danger. nee 

+b. Power (of a person, weapon, or missile) to 
inflict physical injury; reach or range. Also fig. 

1375 Barsour Bruce ut. 43 To withdraw ws..Till we 
cum owt off thar daunger. 1523 Lp. Berners Fvviss. I. 
clxii. 199 The archers shotte so holly togyder, that 
none durst come in their dangers. 1576 Newton Lemnie’s 
Coneplex. (1633) 39 Within the levill and danger of this 
vice, are all they. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. iii. 35 Keepe 
within the reare of your Affection; Out of the shot and 
danger of Desire. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 679 
If he should show himself by troups within the danger of the 
shot. 1618 Laruam 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 42 Your 
Spaniels will hunt..so neere you and your Hawke, as they 
shall neuer spring any thing out of her danger. 1676 Doctr. 
of Devils 200 This draws the Birds into their Dangers. ; 

+c. Power of another as it affects one under it; 
a state of subjection, bondage, or captivity. Ods. 

¢1350 Will. Palerne 4227 Boute daunger or duresse or any 
despit elles. c1400 Destr. Troy 6584 Troilus was .. turnyt 
furth louse, And don out of daunger for the due tyme. c 1420 
Anturs of Arth. xxv, Thynke one be dawngere and the dole 
pat Lin duelle[inhell]. 1526 Pilger. Pex/.(W. de W.1531) 4 

Free from all captiuite and daunger. 1535 CovERDALE /sa. 
Iviii. 6 Till .. thou lowse him out of bondage, that is in thy 
daunger. ; i 

+d. Liability (to loss, punishment, etc.). Zi 
danger to or of: liable to. Obs. 

1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. x1. 206 For he pat is ones a thef 
is euermore in daungere, And as lawe lyketh to lyue or to 
deye. 1465 Paston Lett. No. 508 II. 200 Thei say that 
I am sufficient to bere the hole daunger. 1526 ‘TINDALE 
Pathw, Holy Scrip. Wks. 1. 9 The wretched man (that 
knoweth himself to be..in danger to death and hell). 161 
Brste Jatt. v. 22 In danger of the iudgment. 1689 Woop 
Life Aug. 31 (Oxf. Hist. Soc) A Gent, threatned to bring 
him into danger. 

e. The phrase out of debt out of danger perth. 
originally belonged here; but is now taken in 
sense 4. 

1730-6 in Batxey (folio), s.v. Debt. 1804 Mar. Epce- 
wortH Pop. Tales, Out of Debt Out of Danger. i 

+2. Difficulty (made or raised); hesitation, re- 
luctance, chariness, stint, grudging; coyness. Zo 
make danger [OF. faire dangier (de)]: to make 
a difficulty (about doing anything). Ods. 

c 1ag0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 397/155 Sein eustas made gret 
daunger & natheles ate nende to pe emperour..he gan 
wende. 1375 Barsour Bruce v. 283 He but danger till 
him gais. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 521 With danger 
uttren we all our chaffare. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1147 Gold 
and silver for to dispend Withouten lacking or daungere. 
cr Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) u. x, And our 
lorde made fyrste daungeour by cause he was an alyene. 
¢ 1g00 Melusine 219 They of Coloyne made grete daunger 
to lete passe the oost thrughe the Cite at beydae: 1526 
DataBer in Foxe A. & M. (1583) 1196, I made danger of it 
a while at first: but afterwarde being perswaded te them 
+-I promised to do as they wold haue me. . 

+b. Untowardness; ungracious, uncompliant, 
or fractious conduct. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. (Cott.) 6299 Wit pair danger, sir moyses 
[v.~. grucchynge on moyses], Oft pai did him haue malees, 
¢1374 Cuaucer Axel. § Arc. 186 Hir daunger made him 
ioe bowe and beende And as hir lyste made him tourne 
and wende, 

+38. A place where one is at the mercy of an 
enemy ; a narrow pass; a strait. Obs. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 208 In the daunger of a pas, 
Through which this tiraunt shulde pas She shope his power 
to compas. cx440 Promp, Parv. 114 Daunger, or grete 
[Pynson streyte] passage, arta via. 

4. Liability or exposure to harm or injury; the 
condition of being exposed to the chance of evil ; 
risk, peril. (Directly from sense 1; see esp. 1 d. 
Now the main sense.) 

Mons | Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 352 There is dan- 

eour by cause of the nyghte. @1533 Lp. Berners Huon 
fexxii 253 Esclaramonde saw Huon her housebonde in 
that daunger. x552 Bk. C. Prayer, C ion, So 
is the daunger great, if we receyue the same vnworthely. 
1620 SHELTON Quix. III. xli. 280 ’Tis ordinarily said that 
Delay breeds Danger. 1789 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. 
(1805) IV, 44 The sea running immensely high, it brought 
them ago into great danger. 1822 Hazuitr TZadde-z. I. 
ix. 187 Danger is a good teacher, and makes apt scholars. 
1874 Micktetuwaite Mod. Par. Churches 186 It is also 
a source of danger to the building. 

b. Const. (a) of that which is exposed to peril. 
(Now vare or arch, exc. with life.) (0) of the evil 
that threatens or impends. (Now the ordinary 
const.) _‘{(c) Zo with zf. Obs. 

c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 479 Elles they ben 
in daungeur of their lives. “1555 EDEN Dickies Pref. to 
Rdr. (Arb.) 5t The Moore.. a greate parte of 
Spayne to no smaule daungeoure of the hole Christian 
Empire. ¢1676 Lavy Cuawortu in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. 
Comm. App. v.32 Lord Mohun. .was four days in danger of 
lyfe but now is upon recovery. 1726 Leont A dberti’s 
Archit. U1. 105b, In gravel..there is no danger of finding 
water. Mod. He goes in danger of his life, . 4 

*490 Caxton. Eneydos vi. 29 In _dangeour of myserable 
deth. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. xiv.§ 168 This. .wise Princes never 
need come in the Danger of. x75 J. RicHarpson 7%. 
Painting 128 There was no danger of that in Rafaélle, 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 373 They, lost their way..and 
were in danger of having to pass the night on the plain, 

_ 1580 Nort Plutarch, Theseus § 35 In danger to die, 161z 


27 


Biste Tyans?. Pref 1 Sure to be misconstrued, and in 
danger to becondemned. 1695 Br. Patrick Comm, Gen. 293 
It might have been in danger to have been neglected. 

ce. spec. on Railways. Risk in a train’s proceed- 
ing owing to an obstruction, etc. on the line; the 
position of a signal indicating this. 

1841 Committee on Railways Q. 467 You think it would 
be desirable that on all railways red should indicate danger ? 
1874 Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. XX XVIII. 149 A signal is said 
to be ‘on’, when it is at danger. — 

5. (with @ and Z/.) An instance or cause of 
danger ; /. perils, risks. 

1538 Starkey England 1. ii: 42 Ful of manyfold peryllys 
and daungerys. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 25 To commit 
themselves unto the daungers of the sea. 1859 HeE.rs 
friends in C. Ser. u. I. Addr. to Rdr. 3 Blind to the 
dangers of their country. 1884 Times (Weekly Ed.) 5 Sept. 
3/2 Twoterritorial questions. .unsettled..each of which was 
a positive danger to the peace of Europe. 

b. Naut. A submerged rock, or the like, causing 
danger to vessels. 

1699 Hacke Coll. Voy. iii. 59 “At three quarters Ebb, you 
may see all the Dangers going in .. But I would not advise 
any Man to go in till he has viewed the Harbour at low 
Water. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 347 It appeared to 
him to be a detached danger, 6 or g feet under the surface. 
1875 Brprorp Sailor's Pock, Bk. v. (ed. 2) 137 Buoys 
painted red and black are placed on detached dangers. 

+6. Mischief, harm, damage. Ods. 

¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 146 And he no daunger nor deire for pat 
dede haue. 1530 Patscr. 212/1 Daunger on the see, xav- 

JSraige. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 277 Then the king of his 
mere pity. .suffered them to passe through his hoste with- 
out daunger. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. iv. i. 38. 1601 — 
Ful. C. u.i. 17 We put a Sting in him, That at his will 
he may doe danger with. , 

+ 7. The lordship over a forest ; the rent paid in 
acknowledgement of this (so OF. dangier), ‘In 
the Forest-Law, a duty paid by the Tenants to the 
Lord for leave to plough and sow in the time of 
Pannage, or Mast-feeding ’ (Phillips 1706). Ods. 

1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 691 He ends this Treatise with 
an Enumeration of the Quit-rents formerly paid out of the 
Weald, as Gavel-swine, Scot-ale, Corredy, and Danger. 

+8. To make danger: in 17th c. used in sense 
of L. periculum facere, to make trial or experiment ; 
to venture, ‘risk it’. Ods. 

(Perhaps the phrase in 2 taken in a new sense.) 

1618 FrercHer Legal Subj. 11. iv, Make danger, Trie 
what they are, trie. 1621 — IWtld Goose Chase 1. ii, 1 shall 
make danger. a1625 — Hum. Lieut. w. ii, Leon. Art 
thou so valiant? Lzext. Not absolutely so neither—yet I’ll 
make danger, Colonel. i 

B. ?as adj. Dangerous, perilous. Ods. rare. 
¢1470 Henry Wadlace vit. 202 We ar our ner, sic purpos 
for to tak ; A danger chace thai mycht vpon ws mak. 

C. Comd., usually attrib. (cf. sense 4), as danger- 
board, -chuckle (see quot.), -flag, -whistle ; danger- 
signal, a signal indicating danger; spec. on Rail- 
ways, a signal (usually the extended arm of a 
signal-post painted red, or a red light) indicating 
an obstruction, etc. ahead; also danger-free, 
-teaching adjs. 

1891 Cycling 21 Feb. 86 The local centre is about to erect 
a *danger-board on Maur Tor Hill. 1859 Darwin Ov7g. 
Spec. vii. (1860) 192 If a hen gives the *danger-chuckle. 
1862 A thenzunt 31 May 717 The *danger-flag held out to 
warn their children off the road. 1640 SHIRLEY St, Patrick 
Jor rel. v. iii, And make thy person “danger-free. 1848 
Rep. Railway Commissioners App. 84 The pointsman had 
not then turned the *danger signal. 1888 J. SHALLOW 
Templars Trials 71 A danger-signal to Christendom. 1616 
Lane Sgv’s 7. 120/47 Fames highe *daunger-teachinge 
schoole. 1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. 61 The “danger-whistle 
of the engines on the bridge. 

+ Danger, v. Obs. 
dangier, danger, DANGER.] 

1. To render liable. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 1176 And all be trouage..Pat he to 
Darius of dewe was dangird to paye. 1544 Hour Supplic. 
(1871) 52 They be compelled to sell theyr landes. .or els to 
daunger them selfe indette to many. 1633 T. Apams Ex. 
2 Peterii. 1 If it [libel] be liked, they know the authors; if 
it be dangered to penalty, it is none of theirs. 

2. To bring into or expose to danger; to en- 
danger, imperil, risk. 

1470 [see DANGERING]. 1544 BALE Chron. Sir ¥. Oldcas- 
telé in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 247 They whyche .. haue 
daungered theyr liues for a commonwelthe. 1579 LyLy 
Euphues (Arb,) 133 The heedelesse practiser, which daun- 
gereth the patient. x: Martowe Faw. II, v. iii, There- 
fore, come ; dalliance dangereth our lives. 1606 Saks, Azt. 
§ CZ.1. it 199. 1663 Pepys Diary x May, My stone-horse 
was very troublesome, and begun to fight with other horses, 
to the dangering him and myself. 

b. (with zw) To run the risk ; to be in danger. 

1672-3 Marve. Reh. Transp. I. 238 Should the Legis- 
a persist .. he would danger to be left in the field very 
single. : 

3. ? To damage, harm, injure. (Cf. DANGER sé. 6.) 

1538 Bate Goa’s Promises 1. in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 288 He 
must needs but fall..And danger himself. 1591 Harincton 
Orl. Fur. 1. ix, He would... bestow The damsell faire on him 
that in that fight..should. .danger most the Pagans with his 
might. 1614 MarkHAam Cheap Husb. wu. i. (1668) 86 The 
dodder sheep is the best breeder, and his Issue never dan- 
gereth the Dam in yeaning. 

Hence Da‘ngered ///. a., Dangering vé/. sb. 


[a. OF. dangerer, f. 


a 50 [see 1]. c1470 Henry Wadlace vit. 547 It is 
ms fete to do all that I can To fend our. k rk out 
off dangeryng. ?c1600 Distracted Emp. 1. i. in Bullen 


DANGEROUS. 


O. Pi, III. 172 A long daungered seaman in a storme. 1612 
. Taytor Comm. Titus iii. 2 To the present dangering and 
drowning of both. 1645 QuarLes Sol, Recant. 34 Why 
oot ag thy too much righteousnesse betray Thy danger’d 
ife 


+ Da‘ngerful, a. Ods. [f. Dancer sd. +-FUL.] 
Full of danger, dangerous. 

1548 [see DANGERFULLY]. 1607 WALKINGTON Of¢. Glasse 
54 Much eating is also dangerful for this humour. 1622 
Pracuam Compt. Gentl. viii. (1634) 67 The Atlanticke or 
Western Ocean_is most rough and dangerfull. a1708 
T. Warp Eng, Ref, 1. 172(D.) As Lion, Scorpion, Bear, and 
Bull, And other things less dangerful. 

Hence + Da‘ngerfully adv., dangerously. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xi. 107, Certain 
Jewes..whose solles y’ spirite of Satan did more daungier- 
fully possesse, 

Dangerless (déndzoiles), a. (and adv... 
Now rave. [f. as prec.+-LESs.] Without danger ; 
free from danger. 

@1568 CoverDALE Carrying Christ’s Cross iii, We. .shall 
be dangerles in such felicite and ioy. 158x Mutcaster 
Positions xv.(1887) 69 For the better and more daungerlesse 
performing therof. 1660 S. Fisner Rusticks Alarm Wks. 
(1679) 379 One of his wonted Fits of dangerless fear. 1795 
Soutuey Joan of Arc vit. 371 Nor dangerless To the Eng- 
lish was the fight. 1882 WooLson Ave 361 It is the long 
monotony of dangerless days that tries the spirit hardest. 

b. as adv. Without danger ; + without damage 
or harm (ods.). 

€1440 Generydes 4567 For all that he skapid daungerles. 
1602 Warner 1/5, Eng. x1. Ixvi. (1612) 281 Howbeit Bur- 
rough did therein, not Dangerles, preuaile. 1633 L. 
Roserts Prelim. V. to P. Fletcher's Purple Is?., Where 
all may dangerlesse obtain. .cheapest, greatest gain. 

Hence Da‘ngerlessness, freedom from danger. 

1818 Coreripce in Kem. (1836) 1. 133 The dangerlessness 
—70 axivduvor. 

Dangerous (déindgaras), a. Also 3, 6 dan- 
gerus, (3 dauncherous), 4-6 daungerous, (5 
dawngerowse, 5-6 daungerouse. [a. AF. dan- 
serous = OF. dangeros, -eus, mod.¥. dangereux, f. 
danger: see -OUS.] 

+1. Difficult or awkward to deal with ; haughty, 


arrogant ; rigorous, hard, severe: the opposite of 
affable. Obs. 

ai2zz5 Aucr. R. 108 Heo is a grucchild, & ful itowen, 
dangerus, & erued for te paien. c1zgo S. Eng. Leg. I 
280/83 Pe pope makede him dauncherous and nolde ensenti 
ber-to. ¢1386 Cuaucer Prod. 517 He was to synful man 
nought despitous Ne of his speche daungerous ne digne. 
¢1400 Kom, Rose 591 And she to me was nought unmeke, 
Ne of hir answer daungerous. /did. 1483 So fiers & 
daungerous was he, That he nolde graunte hir askyng. 

+b. Difficult to please; particular, ticklish ; 

fastidious, nice, dainty, delicate. Ods. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Jfelid. Prol. 21, I wol yow telle a litel 
thing in prose, That oughte like yow..Or elles certes ye be 
to daungerous. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. cxx. (1869) 63 
Of pi mete and of pi drink be pou neuere more daungerous. 
What pou fyndest take it gladliche. 1568 E. Titney Disc. 
Mariage Cijb, Daungerous, and circumspect in matters 
touching his honesty. a@1568 Ascuam Scholewz. 1. (Arb.) 65 
Great shippes require costlie tackling, and also afterward 
dangerous gouernment. 1577 B.Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 
1. (1586) 31 The Oate is not daungerous in the choyse of his 
grounde, but groweth lyke a good fellowe in every place. 

+e. Reluctant to give, accede or comply; chary 

of. Obs. 

¢ 1386 CHaucer W7fe's Prol.514 For that he Was of his 
loue daungerous tome. 14.. Pol. Rel. & L. Poents 155 lf she 
be dawngerouse, I will hyr pray. 1494 FAsyan Chron. clv. 
144 And requyryd hym of his comforte and ayde, wherof 
he was not daungerous. 1556 Rosinson tr. A/ore’s Utopia 
(Arb.) 166 As myne I am nothinge daungerous to imparte, 
So better to receaue I amreadie. 1598 W. Puituips Lins- 
choten (1864) 200 They are so dangerous of eating and 
drinking with other men which are not their Countrimen. 

2. Fraught with danger or risk; causing or 
occasioning danger; perilous, hazardous, risky, 
unsafe. (The current sense.) 

1490 Caxton Exeydos xxi. 78 Atte this tyme whiche is so 
daungerouse. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 19 Some houses 
be .. redy to fal downe, and therfore dangerus to passe by. 
1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 40 b, Delay herein 
is daungerous. 1599 Sanpys Luvopzx Spec. (1632) 148 The 
daungeroust enemie Spaine had in the world. 1670 M1Lton 
Hist. Eng... Wks. (1847) 516 They who pray against us. . 
are our dangerousest Enemies. 1748 SMotteTt X. Rand. xii 
His wife ..seeing her husband in these dangerous circum- 
stances, uttered a dreadful scream. 1779-81 Jonson L. P., 
Milton Wks. II. 142 To be of no church is dangerous. 1859 
He ps Friends in C, Ser. 1. 1. ii. 131 In most of the European 
nations there are dangerous classes, dangerous, because un- 
cared for and uneducated. 1893 Sir J. W. Cutty in Law 
Times Rep. UXVIII. 430/1 A most dangerous doctrine. 

+ 3.- Ready to run into or meet danger ; venture- 


some. Ods. rare. 

1611 Tourneur Ath. Tvag. ww. ii, And I doubt his life, 

His spirit is so boldly dangerous. 1642 [see DanceErousty 3]. 
In danger, as from illness; dangerously ill. 
Now dial. and U.S. collog. 

@1616 Beaum. & Fi. Bonduca w. iii, Reg. Sure His 
mind is dangerous. Drus. The gods cure it! 1619 
FLetcHer J. Thomas u.i, Which will as well restore To 
health again the affected body. . As leave it dangerous. 1620 
Metron Astrolog.14 A Spirit that will fright any disease 
from the most dangerous and ouer-spent Patient. a 182 
Forsy Voc. E, Anglia, Dangerous, endangered. ‘Mr. Smit 
is sadly-badly; quite dangerous.’ x Barnes Dorset 
Gloss., Dangerous in danger. 1 vead-Wwi) 5s (U.S. 
244 He’s dangerous; they don’t think he’Il ie 
: -3 


DANGEROUSLY. 


+5. Hurtful, injurious. Ods. (Cf. Dancer sé. 6.) 
1 Hatter Chron. 17 b, The encounter was sharpe, the 

agit was dangerous. 1576 Freminc Panopfl. Epist. 400 
‘wo 


vices, very daungerous and noysome among men. 
+6. as adv. D ously, Obs. rare. 


1593 Saks. 3 //en. VJ, 1. i. 11 Either slaine or wounded 


dangerous. 
Dangero (déindgarasli), adv. [f. prec. 
+-LY¥%.] In a dangerous manner. 


+1. With reserve ; shyly; charily. Ods. 

@18§77 Gascoicne Fable of Jeronimi, 1..alwayes danger- 
ouslye behaued my selfe towards him. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. vu. (1703) I. He was so sottishly and dan- 
gerpasly wary of te own Security .. that he would not pro- 
ceed. 

2. In a way involving danger or risk ; perilously. 

c1540 Hour P. P. in Hazl. Dodsley1. 372 To die so dan- 
gerously, For her soul-health especi if. 1603 KNoLies 

Hist. Turkes (1638) 101 Hee fell dangerously sicke. 1766 
Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxxi, One of my servants been 
wounded dangerously. 1860 TyNDALL Glaciers 1. § 11. 78 
The slope . Was most dangerously steep. 

+3. Venturesomely. (Cf. prec. 3.) Ods. rare. 

1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. (1851) 293 A Satyr .. ought.. 
to strike high, and adventure dangerously at the most 
eminent vices among the greatest persons. 

erousness (déindzarasnés). [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being dangerous. 

+1. Chariness, grudgingness. Ods. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark vi. 49 a, It came not 
of any daungerousnes, or difficultie on his behalf. 

2. Perilousness. 

1530 Patscr. 212/1 Dangerousnesse, dangerevseté, dangier. 
1602 Carew Cornwall 1b, The dangerousnesse of the 
passages laid them open to priuie inuasions. 1736 Carte 
Ormonde 1. 99 The ill circumstances of his lady's health 
and the dangerousness of her condition. 1881 J. Simon in 
Nature No. 616. 372 Experiments which illustrated the 
dangerousness of sewage-polluted water-supplies. 

Dangersome (dé-ndzaisim), a. Obs. exc. dial. 
[f. DANGER sé.+-SOME.] Fraught with danger. 

1567 Martet Gr. Forest 96 The sluggish owle hath bene 
to man Most often daungersome. 1651 Relig. Wotton. 8 
The dangersome marks. 1885 Century Mag. XXIX. 549/1 
ae to run in daylight without it being dangersome for 

im. , 

Dangle (de'ng’l), v. [Appears at end of 16th c.; 
corresponds to Da. dangle, Norw. and Sw. dial. 
dangla, North Fris. dangeln, ablaut-derivs, of Da. 
dingle, Norw., Sw., Icel. dingla to dangle. In 
form these seem to belong to the stem ding-, dang- 
(Dine v.), but the connexion of sense is not clear.] 

1. intr. To hang loosely swaying to and fro. 

cr Sir T. More (Shaks. Soc. 1844) 46 How long Hath 
this shagg fleece hung dangling on thy head ? i658 Yonc 
Diana 228 Her disshiueled hair..in curled lockes hung 
dangling about her snow-white forehead. 1633 P. FLetcuer 
Pisc. Ecl. 1. vi, Our thinne nets dangling in the winde. 
1678 Norris Misc. (1699) 37 Ripe Acoles now hang dang- 
ling on the Tree. 1782 Cowrer Gilpin 132 For all might 
see the bottle-necks Still dangling at his waist. 1877 
Biack Green Past. xxxvi, Mr. Bolitho was seated on a 
table, his legs dangling in the air. 

b. To hang from the gallows; to be hanged. 

1678 Butter Hud. ut. i. 641 And men [have] as often 
dangled for't, And yet will never leave the sport. 1748 
Smotcett Rod. Rand. xxx, Let the rascal be carried back 
to his confinement. I find he must dangle. 1841 James 
Brigand xxxviii, Set him dangling from the battlements. 

2. trans. To make (a thing) hang and sway to 
and fro; to hold or carry (it) suspended loosely. 

1612 Two Noble K.1.ii.57 What canon is there That does 
command my rapier from my hip, To dangle 't in my hand? 
1748 Smottett Kod. Rand. xiv, 1 .. dangled my cane 
and adjusted my sword knot. 1808 Scotr Marm. vy. xii, 
The bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume. 
1873 Symonps Grk. Poets x. 314 Lazy fishermen. .dangling 
their rods like figures in Pompeian frescoes. 

b. fig. To keep (hopes, anticipations, etc.) 
hanging uncertainly before ay one. . 

1863 Kinciake Crimea (1877) Il. ii, 31 The mighty 
temptation which seemed to be dangled before him. 1871 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. xviii. 193 The hopes of 
a royal marriage were again dangled before the eyes of 
Eadwine. 

ec. To hang (any one) on a gallows. 

1887 W. C. Russet, Frozen Pirate 11. iv. 92 This is 
evidence to dangle even an honester man than you, 

3. fig. (intr.) To hang after or about any one, 
especially as a loosely attached follower ; to follow 
in a dallying way, without being a formally recog- 
nized attendant. 

1607 Dexker Sir 7. Wyatt Wks. 1873 III. 115 Wyat.. 
rising thus in armes, with the Kentish men dangling at his 
taile. ay Swirt Past, Dial, Marble Hill §& Richmond 
Lodge, Plump poner Gay will now elope; And here no 
more will dangle Pope. 3734 Fiecpinc Univ. Gallant 1, 
Pray take her, I dangled:after her long enough too. 1760 
Foote Minor 1. Wks. 1799 I. 232 The sleek. .'prentice us'd 
to dangle after his mistress, with the great Bible under his 
arm. @ 1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 5 Heirs of noble 
houses. .dangling after aci 1862 Rrenvace Rom. 
Emp. (1865) Tv. xxxvii. 271 The exquisites of the day were 
men w gled in the train of ladies. 

+b. To stroll idly, or with lounging steps: cf. 
1607, 1760 above. Oés. 

1 Learning at a Loss 11. 76 They quit or, to use 
Rad own expression, dangled ele the Fi 

4. trans. To lead about in one’s train, or as an 


appendage. 


28 


1723 Gay Distressed Wife u, 1 am not to be dangled | 
bout and wh Lat sp Moved busii calls him. 


about wh 
5. To while or cause to pass in aa 
r Bouincsroxe in Swift's Lett. (1766) Il. 77 The | 


noble ion of dangling away life in an ante-chamber. 

6. Comb. (of the verb stem) dangle-berry, Blue 
Tangle, Gaylussacia a, an American shrub, 
N.O. Vacciniacew ; dangle-jack (see quot.). 

188x Leicestersh. Gloss., Dangle-jack, the primitive 
roasting-jack, generally a stout bit of worsted with a hook 
at the end, turned by giving it a twist from time to time 


with the fingers. 
[f. DaneLe v.] Act or 


Dangle, s%. rare. 
manner of dangling ; something that dangles. 

1786 Connoisseur No. 122 Seeming ravished with the gen- 
teel dangle of his sword-knot. 1888 O. Crawrurp Sywia 
Arden ii. 21 He lay there in a swound till they got him up 
the ladder, with just a dangle of life in him. ; 

sngle, a. rare. [f. Danciev.] Dangling. 
* 1600 1. Pory tr. Leo's Africa u. 341 A tame beast.. 
having long and dangle eares. 1889 BRAITHWAITE rigs #3 
Med. C. 241 In many cases the leg is a mere ‘dangle limb’ 
of no service whatever. 

Da‘ngled, ///. a. [f. Dancuev.+-ED.] Hung 
dangling, or furnished with dangling appendages. 

1593 Nase Christ's 7. (1613) 148 For thy flaring frounzed 
Periwigs, lowe dangled downe with loue-lockes, shalt thou 
haue thy head side, dangled downe with more Snakes than 
ever it had hayres. a@ 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Poems 


(1775) 141 Nor is it wit that makes the lawyer prize His | 


dangled gown: 'tis knavery in disguise. 
lement (de‘ng’lment). [f. Dance v. 
+-MENT.] 1. Dangling. 

1834 Becxrorp /taly II. 75 He..passes the flower of his 
days in this singular species of danglement. 1849 Lytton 
Caxtons Vili, The. . suspension and danglement of any pud- 
dings whatsoever right over his ingle-nook. : 

2. concr. ( pl.) Dangling appendages. dial. 

1855 Ropinson Whithy Gloss., Danglements, tassels and 
such like appendants, : 

Dangler (de‘nglar). [f. as prec. + -ER }.] 

1. One who dangles ; one who hangs or hovers 
about a woman ; a dallying follower. 

1727 Fiecpinc Love in Sev. Masg. Wks. 1775 1. 37 The 
dangler after a woman. 17 Baitey (folio), Dangler, so 
the Women in Contempt call a Man, who is always hang- 
ing after them, but never puts the Question home. 1 
Map. D'Arsiay Early Diary 10 Jan., ‘You see’, she 
cried, ‘what a herd of danglers flutter around you.’ 1828 
Cartyte Misc. (1857) 1. 228 Fashionable danglers after 
literature. 1882 Besant Ad/Z Sorts xix. 139 Dick Coppin 
was not..a dangler after girls’ apron-strings. 

2. A dangling appendage or part. 

1731-7 Mitter Gard. Dict. ae s. v. Vitis, You must 
go over the Vines again. . rubbing off all Danglers, as before, 
and training in the leading Shoots. 1870 Miss BrouGHTon 
Ked as Rose iv, The long red pendant to his [a turkey- 
cock's] nose: I confess to being ignorant as to what function 
that long flabby dangler has to fulfil. 

Dangling (degli), v4/. 5. [-1NG!.] The 
action of the verb DANGLE, q.v.; tconcr. (f/.) 
dangling appendages. 

1611 Corcr., Pendiloches, jags, danglings, or things that 
hang danglingly. 1650 Futter Pisgah ww. vi. 100 To pre- 
vent the dangling down and dagling of so long garments. 
1678 Butier //ud. 1. ii. 202 The Royalists..To leave off 
Loyalty and Dangling. 1855 Smepiey H. Coverdale i. 5 
I've given up flirting and dangling. 

Dangling, ppl.a. [-1NG?.] That dangles, 

1593. Suaks. Rich. //, ut. iv. 29 Goe binde thou v; 
dangling Apricocks. 1635 Quartes Emélems 1. Invoc., 
Cast off these dangling plummets. 1750 Mrs. DeLany Life 
& Corr. (1861) II. 602, I am very happy that I have no 
dangling neighbours. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 
ut. 767 Thin dangling locks. 

Hence Da‘nglingly adv. 

16x11 Cotcr., Pendiller, to hang danglingly, loosely, or 
but by halves. 

+Darnic, a. Obs. [ad. med.L. Danic-us, f. 
Dania Denmark.] = Danisu. 

1613-8 Danie Coll. Hist. Eng. 12 During this Danicq 
warre. 1692 Ray Dissol. World u1. v. (1732) 363 In the 
Baltick Danick and Holland shores. < 

Hence Da‘nicism, a Danish idiom or expression. 

1881 F. York Powewt in Encycl. Brit. X11. 628 The 
i (of Iceland} with D k began to leave its 
mark in loan-words and Danicisms, 

(déinif),a.and sd. In OE. Denise; 3-4 
Denshe, Dench, Danshe; 6 Sc. Dence, Dens, 
Densch. Also ME. Danais, Danoys, and 6-7 
Dansk, q.v. [OE: Denisc:—OTeut. *danisk-, 
whence ON. Danskr,f. Dani-, Dene, Danes + -ISH. 
Thence ME. Densh, etc. In Danish, the vowel is 
changed asin Dang. The ME. Danas was immed. 
from OF. daneis, danoys (:—L. Danénsis) ; and the 
late Dansk directly from Danish.] 


Of or belonging to the Danes and to Denmarks. 


subst. The language of Denmark. Danish axva 
kind of battle-ax with very long blade, and usually 
without a spike on the back. Danish dog: see 
Dane. Danish embroidery: see quot. 1882. 


| dikk (:-danku-) pit, pool. These must evident 
yond | 
, | ON. dékkr dark, Ger. dunkel. There is no be ray con- 


DANK. 
end: Ki w. 
Siri sim Desh on. rt to eal BOI 
1545 Aberdeen Reg. aed) (JJam.) Ane densh aix. a 1578 


 & Godly Ball, (x Inglis prelatis, Duche and 
Dence For thair abuse ar rane eer Pais Suaxs. Ham. 
1v. iv, 1 Go the i i 


sone nove, ‘Sabiios te pines Danish dog ..The 
astiff .. tran: into 


Danish dog. Scorr Note in 
Densaixes, A Danish axe was the 

axe; and from the Danes the Isles-men got them, 1870 
bre a RY 2. 394 Se oe con- 
Sit as the est dog known; it be 
more correct to callit thetallest. 1882 Cayuse & Sawarp 
Dict. Needlework, Danish Embroidery, this is an embroi- 
dery on cambric, lin, or bati prey itable for hand- 
kerchief borders, necktie ends, and lappets.. [Also] a 
variety of the work only useful for filling in spaces left in 
Crochet, Tatting, and Embroidery. 

+8. Danais, Danoys. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 24796 (Cott.) To spek a-bute sum pais, 
bituix him and pe danais. c 1450 Merlin 42 The Danoys, 
a Mgr 4 hadde broug ht in to aad ae 1480 a 

von. ~ xci. yn t tl was a , 
helde the countre of norfolk and southfolk. Pall 

Hence Da‘nishry Ods. exc. Hist. [cf. Zrishry, 
etc.], the people of Danish race (in Britain). 

c 1470 Harpinc Chron. cv. x, Where Alurede had the 
victorie, And slewe that daye al the Danyshrye. /did. 
cxtx. xiii, A duke of the Danishrie. 1857 p meine Mag. 
LVI. 27 The Danishry rose en masse. 

Danisk: see Dansk. 

Danism! (dé-niz’m). [f. Dane + -ism] A 
Danish idiom or expression, a Danicism. 

1886 Encycl. Brit. XX1. 369/2 Many Danisms and a few 
Suecisms were imported into the language [of Norway]. 

+Danism *. Ofs.—° [ad. Gr. davecpés money- 
lending, davearns, L. danista money - lender, 
daveicrixds, L. danisticus usurious.] Money-lending 
on usury. So Da‘nist, Dani'stic a. 

1623 CockeraM, Danisme, Vsurie. Danist, a vsurer. 
1656 in Biounr Glossogr. [who adds) Danistick, pertaining 
to aay 5 1692 in CoLes. 1775 in AsH. 1848 WHarton Law 
Lex., Danism, the act of lending money on usury. 

+ , sb. Obs. Forms: see adj. [app. f. 
Dank a.] 1. Wetness, humidity, damp. 

Ya 1400 Morte Arth. 3751 One be danke of be dewe 
many dede lyggys. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. Prol., 
The rawish danke of clumzie winter ramps The fluent 
summers raine. [Cf. CLumsy.] 

2. A wet place, pool, marsh, mere. 

1513 Dovcias 2neis vu. Prol. 60 Bedovin in donkis 
deyp was every syk. 1560 Rotitanp Crt. Venus 1. 2 Eolus 
out ouir thir rokkis rang, Be donk and daill. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. vu. 441 Yet oft they quit The Dank, and rising on 
stiff Pennons, towre The mid Aereal Skie. 

Dank (deyk),. a. Forms: 5 dannke, 5-7 
danke, 6 dancke, 6- dank; also 6 donk, 7 
donke, 8-9 dia/. donk. [The adj. and sb. are 
known from ¢1400, the vb. (which we should 
expect to be formed from the adj.) appears nearly 
a century earlier ; the early quots. for both vb. and 
adj. refer to dew. The etymology is uncertain. 
only words allied in form, and possibly in are 
Swedish dané ‘moist place in a field, marshy spot’, Icel. 


be sepa- 


rmanic stem dink-, dank-, dunk-, whence 


rated from the 


nexion, either of form or sense, 
but in recent times damp has 
and largely taken its place.) 

+1. Wet, watery, wetting: a. said of dew, rain, 
clouds, water, etc. Ods. 


dan: damp, 
acquired the sense of dank 


dewe pat es dannke, whene 
lestr. Troy 2368 Dropis as 


donk. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 38 
ot befor 
1601 


moisture of the a < 

b. said of marshes, fens, soaking ground, humid 
tropical forests, and the like. 

if Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 179 Through each Thicket 

or ngs PR Somervitte Chase 1. 340 O'er the dank 
7 Hill, and sandy Plain. 1799 Scotland 
described (ed. 2) 14 A pool in midst of a wide, dead, 
and dank Sir 


morass. F. Parcrave Norm. & Eng. 
I. 163 On the dank marshy shores of the oozy Yare. 1857 
3. Osporn Quedah xxiv, 351 In those dank and hot forests 


Ss. 
2. Damp J svea the ee - this is an 
injurious or disagreeable quality. a. of fog, vapour, 
ther Despatt ¢ Kath: ¥. 50 thn saute 
. iw 
and danke: T shall take yaw rer Des Fleece . is 


Dank or frosty days. 1784 Cowrer 7 ask 1. Vapours, 
dank and clammy. do Geer Table-t. xiv. 
Boe ee Stank, ol ee all 

NDALL Glac. 1. v. 41 Dull fog the valley. 


833 O.E. Chron., Pa Di ahton sewald. In this sanee app. Ote.after 3650; enc. in Sealine Gialact ; 
845 /bid. (Hi) hton xt Pedrid pan wib Deni i writers in end of 18th c. 

here. 1a97 R. Grove. (1724) 299 Atte laste myd a denchax X chaek, aa a 
me smot hym to le, ¢1300 Havelok 1403 Mi fader | q rot. — Sa. vs 

was king of denshe lond. ae Oe eae sound On the and durty Bacon 
A danisax [ed. damsax) he bar on his hond. ¢ S § 38 In a Cellar or room. 1642 RocErs 
& Gr. Knt. 2223 A felle A denez ax nwe di laaman at Oh thet cue Pome eS sieht 
1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. xv. Ixi. (1495) 510 Frisia .. Grose Prov. Gloss., Donk, a little wettish, damp. N[ 


DANK. 


1813 Scort Rokeby u. ix, The dank and sable earth receives 
Its only carpet from the leaves. x Rosinson Whitby 
Gloss.,* As donk asa dungeon.’ 1876 Humpureys Coin-Coll. 
Man. xxvi. 400 Pages of vellum that served as knee-rests 
to the monks on the dank stone pavements. 

3. In 19th c., often said of rank grass or weeds 
growing in damp places. ([perh. associated with 


rank] 

1820 SHELLEY Sexsit. Plant i111. 55 And thistles, and nettles, 
and darnels rank, And the dock, and henbane, and hemlock 
dank. 1827 Kesie Chr. VY. 1st Sunday after Trin., Here 
over shatter’d walls dank weeds are growing. 1863 Gro. 
Euiot Romola 1. xviii, That dank luxuriance [of the 
garden] had begun to penetrate even within the walls of 
the..room. 

Dank (deyk), v. Ods. exc. dial. Forms: 4-5 
donk(e, 5 downk(e, 5-6 danke, 6 dounk, 7- 
dank, 9 da/, donk. [See Dank a.] 

+1. ¢rans. To wet, damp, moisten; originally 
said of dew, mist, drizzling rain, etc. Ods. 

@ 1310 in Wright Lyvic P. xiii. 44 Deowes donketh the 
dounes. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 7997 The droupes, as a dew, 
dankit his fas. Jézd. 9639 A _myste..All donkyt the dales 
with the dym showris. 1552 Lynpresay A/onarche 6309 The 
dew now dounkis the rossis redolent. 1634 W. Woop New 
a Prosp. u. vii, The water having dank't his pistoles. 

. fig. To damp (the spirits or aspirations) ; to 
depress. Still dad. 

1sss_ Asp. Parker Ps. viii. Ij b, Thy foes to blanke: 
their threates to danke. a 1575 — Corr. 237, 1 am... not 
amazed nor danked. 1864 Bamrorp Homely Rhymes 135 
(Lance. Gloss.) Put th’ Kurn-bill i’ the divel’s hous ’At it no 
moor may dank us. 

+ 2. intr. To become damp. Ods. 

1590 Sir J. SmytH Disc. Weapons 21 The ayre of some 
moyst weather hath. .caused the powder to give and danke. 
b. To be a fine rain or mist; to drizzle. dal. 
1866 Gentl. Mag. I. 546 They have a peculiar expression 
in Lancashire, to convey the description of a hazy showery 
day: ‘it donkes and it dozzles’, 1869 Lonsdale Gloss. s.v., 

*It donks and it dozzles’=It damps and drizzles. 

Hence Da‘nking v0/. sd. and ffl. a. 

c¢1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Kut. 519 When be donkande dewe 
dropez of the leuez. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3248 Was thare 
no downkynge of dewe that oghte dere scholde. 

D h (de'nkif), a. [f. Dank sd. and a.] 

+1. =Dank a.: wet, humid. Ods. 

1545 RayNoLtp Byrth Mankynde _w. ii. (1634) 187 The 
earth may be ouer waterish, dankish, or ouerhot and dry. 
1545 AscHam Toxoph. u. (Arb.) 118 Take heed also of 
mistie and dankyshe dayes. 1590 SHaxs. Com. Err. v. i. 
247 In a darke and dankish vault at home, There left me and 
my man. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 696 The Moath breedeth 
upon Cloth..Especially if..laid up dankish and wet. 1644 

YE Gunnery 1. (1647) 13 You must suffer the said water 
to settle..and congeal in a dankish room. 

2. Somewhat dank; inclined to be wet or moist. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Dankish, a little Moist or Wet. 
1886 Pall Mall G. 21 July 6/1 Butts and tubs. .stood close 
packed and cumbersome upon its dankish floor. 

Hence Da‘nkishness, dankish quality, humidity. 

1576 T. Newton Lemnie’s Complex. u. 112a, A fustie 
dankishnesse .. vnder the skin. x6xx CotGr., Relant, 
mustinesse, fustinesse, ranknesse, dankishnesse. 1630 in 
J. S. Burn Hist. Parish Reg. Eng. (1862) 68 This place is 
very much subject to dankishness. 1727 Batzey vol. II, 
Dankishness, moistness. 

nkly (deykli), adv. 
In a dank or humid manner. 

1818 Suettey Rev. /slam vi. 4 The dew is rising dankly 
from the dell. 1870 Miss Broucuton Red as a Rose xxvii, 
Upon the broken headstones the lichens flourish dankly. 

Dankness (de‘nknés). [f. Dank a. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being dank ; humidity, dampness. 

160r Hotianp Pliny II. 476 The naturall moisture afd 
dankenesse that commeth from thence. 1651 tr. Bacon's Life 
& Death 5 'To save them from the Dankness of the Vault. 

Da: (deenki), a. Also dal. donkey, -ky. 
[f. Dank +-y1.] Somewhat dank, dampish. 

1796 W. MarsHatt Midl. Counties Gloss., Donkey, 
dampish, dank. 1820 Morr in Blackw. Mag. VIII. 176 The 
sward is dim with moss and danky weeds. 82x /bid. 1X. 
271 The owl sends forth her whoop from danky vaults. 
Lonsdale Gl., Donky, damp, moist, humid: ‘a donky day’. 

Dann, obs. form of Dan], 

|| Dannebrog (de'nébrpg). Also Dane-. [Da. 
pa dy 3 f, Danne-, Dane-, Danish + brog sup- 
p to be ODa. drag, breech, cloth,] The Danish 
national flag; hence, a Danish order of knighthood, 
founded in 1219, revived in 1671, and regulated by 
various later statutes; it is sometimes bestowed 
upon foreigners. 

1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4434/2 His Majesty conferred. .three 


[f Dank a. + -Ly 2.] 


white Ribbons, the Order of Dannebrog on Monsieur _ 


Plessen [etc.]. 1714 Jéid, No. 5269/2 His. .Majesty..made 
a Promotion of seven Knights of the Order of Dannebrog. 
1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 401/2 The orders of knighthood are 
the order of the Elephant..the Danebrog order, founded in 


1219, and now bestowed for eminent services, 

Dannemorite (de'némorsit). Mix. [Named 
from Dannemora in Sweden, where found: see 
-1rE.] A variety of hornblende. 


1857 Amer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. u. XXIV. 120 A columnar or 
fibrous mineral. .named Dannemorite. : 


Danner, var. of DANDER v. S¢., to saunter. 

Da‘nnocks, sé. £/. local. [Forby prefers the form 
darnocks, and says it is a corruption of Dorneck, 
Dornick, Flemish name of Zournai.] (See quots.) 

a1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Darnocks, Dannocks, 


29 


hedger’s gloves. 1854 WV. § Q. 1st Ser. IX. 273/1 Gloves 
made of Whit-leather (untanned leather) and used by work- 
men in cutting and trimming fences are called in this part 
of Norfolk dannocks. 1883 Beck Glover 233 The dannocks, 
or hedging gloves of labourers in our time. 

|| Damseuse (daisoz). [Fr., fem. of danseur 
dancer.] A female dancer, a ballet-dancer. 

1845 Athen#um 8 Mar. 236 A danseuse to whose notice 
he had been recommended. 1878 H. S. Epwarps in Grove 
Dict. Mus, 1. 131 Three other danseuses and a befitting 
number of male dancers. y 

+ Dansk, a. (sd.) Obs. Also6 Danisk. [a. Da., 
Sw., Icel. Dansk: see DANISH. Spenser’s Danish 
unites Dansk and Danish.] =DANisH. 

1569 Wills § Inv. N.C. (Surtees) 301 A danske chiste that 
was his sisters. 1596 SpeNsER J, Q. Iv. x. 31 On her head 
a crowne She wore, much like unto a Danisk hood. 1610 
Marxuam Masterp. u. xcvii. 387 Our English [Iron] is 
best, the Spanish next, and the Danske worst. 

b. sé. Denmark. 

1568 Turner Herbal 1. 5 The rootes are now condited in 
Danske. 

|| Da*nsker. Ods. [Da. Dansker Dane, f. Dansk 
Danish.] A Dane. 

1602 Suaks, Hamz.u.i. 7 Enquire me first what Danskers 
are in Paris. 

+ Dant 1. Ods. [Cf. obs. Du. dante ‘ ambubaia, 
mulier ignaya’.] ‘A profligate woman’ (Halliwell). 

@ 1529 SKELTON Elynor Rummt. 515 In came another dant 
She had a wide wesant. 

Dant ?. 0s. or Joca/, [Derivation unknown : 
perh. more than one word.] (See quots.) 

1688 R. Horme Armoury u. 24/1 Dants or Sulphury 
Damps..all proceed from dry and hot slimy Vapours, /éc. 
ut. 97/1 Down, is the Dant, or pure soft airy Feathers 
which have no Quills. /ééd. 111. 316/1 The Bolted Meal 
was put to fall into the Wheel. .and the pure Dant, or second 
sort of Meal to fall into the Ark. 1888 GreENWELL Coa/- 
trade Terms Northumb. & Durh., Dant, soft sooty coal 
found at backs, and at the leaders of hitches and troubles. 

Dant, -ar, obs. or Sc. forms of DauN?, -ER. 

Dante. Also 6 dant, 8-9 danta. [Cf. It. dande, 
‘a kind of great wilde beast in Affrike hauing 
a very hard skin’ (Florio 1598): see ANTE. In the 
second sense app. a transferred use of the same word 
by the Spanish settlers in S. America.] 

+1. (Also dant.) Some African quadruped: the 
same as ANTE sd. q.v. Obs. 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1.39 Buffles..and Dantes 
(of whose hard skins they make all their targets) range in 
heards up and down the woods. /ééd. 11. 340 ‘The beast 
called Lant or Dant .. in shape resembleth an oxe, saving 
that he hath smaller legs and comelier horns, 

2. (Also danta.) The American tapir. 

(The early accounts are often exaggerated and erroneous.) 

16or Haktuyt tr. Galvano’s Discov. World (1862) 206 
Many heards of swine, many dantes. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. 
S. Sea 392 This Country [Verapaz]..has abundance of 
Lyons, Tygers, and Dantas. 1760-72 tr. Fuan §& Ulloa's 
Voy. (ed. 3) I. 362 Peru. .infested with bastard lions, bears, 
dantas or grand bestias, (an animal of the bigness of a bul- 
lock, and very swift, its colour generally white, and its skin 
very much valued for making buff leather ; in the middle of 
its head i: a horn bending inward). 1796 Morse Amer. 
Geog. 1.83 American beasts..averse tocold; such are apes, 
dantes, crocodiles. 1887 W. ‘Il. Brigham Guatemala 370, 
I have seen the tracks of the danta (7apirus Americanus) 
in the Chocon forests. 

Dante(e, -ie, Dantely, obs. ff. Darnry, -ILy. 

Dantean (dentzjan), a [See -an.] Of or 
relating to Dante or his writings; resembling 
Dante’s style or descriptions. Also 5d. A student 
or admirer of Dante. 

a@ 1850 Rossett1 Dante § Circ. 1. (1874) 20 Among our 
Danteans. 1872 C. Kinc Mountain Sterra Nev. ix. 193 
It was no small satisfaction to climb out of this Dantean 
gulf. 1879 J. Cook Marriage 93, 1 do not adopt the 
Dantean view of the state of the lost in another life. 

So Dante'sque a. [see -ESQUE] = prec. Da‘ntist, 
a Dante scholar. Darntize v., to imitate the style 
of Dante. Danto‘philist, an admirer of Dante. 

1833 Edin. Rev. LVII. 417 A poem thoroughly Dantesque. 
1844 Disraett Coningsby iv. xi, ‘Too insipid’, said the 
Princess. ‘I wish that life were a little more Dantesque.’ 
1889 W. W. Vernon Readings on Dante’s Pury. I. Pref., 


One of the greatest Dantists of his time—the late Duke of | 


Sermoneta. 1764 Acct. of Bks.in Ann. Reg. 272/2 Michael 
Angelo..is not ashamed, in some of his compositions, te 
dantize, 1872 LowreLt Dante Prose Wks. IV. 147 The 
veneration of Dantophilists for their master is that of 
disciples for their saint. 

Dantiprat, obs. var. of DANDIPRAT. 

Danton: see Daunton. Danz, obs. f. Dan]. 

Daou, var. of Duow. 

+ Daourite. Jz. Also daurite. [Named 
from Daouria in Siberia, where found.] An obso- 
lete synonym of rubellite or red tourmaline. 

1802 Bournon in Phil. Trans. XCII. 316 The tourmalin 
..of Siberia, to which the names of rubellite, of daourite, 
and of Siberite, have been successively given. 1804 R. 
Jameson Min, I. 130 Daurite. 

Dap (dep), sd. Ods, exc. dial. [perh. f. Darv., 
in which case sense 2 (as held by Halliwell) would 
be the original.] : 

1. pl. Ways, modes of action ; hence dad. like- 
ness, image (in ways and appearance). 

1583 STaNyHuRsT -Zeis ww. (Arb.) 110 His daps and 
sweetening good moods to the soalye [thee solely] were 


DAPHNIN. 


opned. 1622 Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman ad ALf. ul. 239 

e..knew the Dapps of the world. 1746 L.xinoor Scolding 
230 (E. D. S.) Tha hast tha very Daps o’ thy old Ount 
Sybyl. | 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Dapse, likeness. The 
very dapse of one, the exact likeness in shape and manner. 
1888 WW, Somerset Word-bk., Daps, 1. habits or ways. 2. 
Likeness ; image. 

2. A bounce of a ball; a hop of a stone on the 
water. 

1835 (Said at Rugby School), He caught the ball first dap. 
1847-78 Hatiiwe Lt, Daf, a hop, a turn. West. 1888 in 
West Somerset Word-bk. 

Dap (dep), v. Alsodape. [Known only from 17th 
c.: app. a parallel formation to Das, a lighter or 
slighter touch being expressed by the final 4. In its 
use possibly also associated with Dip. Cf.also Dop.] 

1. cntr. (rarely trans.) To fish by letting the bait 
dip and bob lightly on the water; to dib, dibble. 

1653 WaLtTon Angler 70, I have taught him how to catch 
a Chub with daping a Grishonper, Lbid, 118 With these 
[flies] and a short line..you may dap or dop. 1676 Cotton 
Angler (T.), The stone-fly we dape or dibble with, as with 
the drake. 1799 G. Smitu Laboratory II. 271 The larger 
trout are to be taken..with a stout rod. .dapping therewith 
(which term you will find used by eel-fishers) on the surface 
of the water. 1888 W. Somerset Word-bk., Dap.. to 
fish with a rod in a peculiar manner. When the stream 
is flooded and the water muddy, the bait, whether fly or 
grub, is kept close to the top of the rod, with only an inch 
or two of line, and is made to bob up and down very quickly 
on the surface of the water. ; 

b. gen. To dip lightly or suddenly into water. 

1886 R. C. Lestie Sea-painter’s Log 70 The ‘dapping’ of 
the kittywake gulls tell[s] where a shoal of mackerel lies. 
1892 H. Hutcuinson Fairway [sland 129 In a few hours 
came a dapping of the lead line. ; 

2. Torebound, bounce; to hop or skip (as a stone 
along the surface of water). 

1851 Voy. Mauritius vi. 204 A shot fired over the smooth 
sea astonished them much, as they watched the ball dapping 
along the surface. 1880 Boy’s own Bk. 148 The other 
player then strikes it .. before it has .. dapped (i. e. hopped 
from the ground) more than once. 

Hence Da‘pping 74/. sd. 

1799 E. Smit Laboratory 11. 272 The few which you 
may. .take, by dipping or dapping, will scarcely be eatable. 
1867 F. Francis Angling (1876) 263 Daping is in.some places 
called ‘shade-fishing’. 1886-92 [see 1 b above]. 

+ Dapatical, «. Oss.—° [f. late L. dapatic-us 
sumptuous, f. dap-em feast: cf. also Gr. damavy 
cost, expense.] Sumptuous, costly. 

1623 CockeraM, Dafatical meates, daintie meates. 1656 
Biount bet tg 8 Dapatical, sumptuous, costly, magnifi- 
cent. 172r in Baitey. [Hence in mod. Dicts.] 

Dapchick(e: see DaxBcuick. 

Dape: see Dap v. 

Daphnad (de‘fnad. Zot. Lindley’s name 
for plants of the order 7hymelacex, including 
Daphne. So Da‘phnal alliance, that containing 
the Daphnads and Laurels. 

1847 Linpiey /eg. Kingd. 530. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 
(ed. 6) 448 Daphnal Exogens, apetalous, or polypetalous. 

Daphne (de‘fnz). (Gr. Sapvy the laurel or 
bay-tree : in A/ythol.a nymph fabled to have been 
metamorphosed into a laurel.] 

1. a. The laurel. b. in ot. The name of a genus 
of flowering shrubs containing the Spurge Laurel 
and Mezereon. 

c 1430 Lypc. Compl. Bl. Kut. x, 1 sawe the Daphene 
closed under rynde, Grene laurer and the holsome pyne. 
1634 Hanincton Castara (Arb.) 19 Climbe yonder forked 
hill, and see if there Ith’ barke of every Daphne, not appeare 
Castara written. 1862 AnsteD Channel /s/. 1. xxi. ‘ed. 2) 
497 Daphnes flourish marvellously and remain in flower 
a long time. 

2. Astron. The name of the 41st of the Asteroids. 

Hence Da‘phnean a. [Gr. Aagvaios, L. Daph- 
neus|, of or pertaining to Daphne; ¢ransf. of or 
pertaining to virgin timidity and shyness. + Daph- 
ne‘on, a grove of laurels or bays. 

1606 Sir G. Goosecappe 1. ii. in Bullen O. PZ. III, Nor 
Northren coldnesse nyppe her Daphnean Flower. 1887 T. 
Harpy Woodlanders x\, ‘The Daphnean instinct, exception- 
ally strong in her asa girl. 1664 Evetyn Sylva (1716) 398 
‘They [Bays] .. grow upright and would make a noble 
Daphneon. 

| Daphnia (de-fnid). Zoo’, [mod.L. (Miiller 
LEntomostraca, 1785) f. DAPHNE.] 

A genus of minute fresh-water entomostracous 
crustacea; a water-flea. Hence Daphnia‘ceous a. 
Da‘phniad, a member of the order containing 
the water-fleas. Da‘phnioid a., allied in structure 
to Daphnia ; sé. a daphniad. 

~~ CARPENTER Zool, § 805 After the third or fourth 
moulting, the young Daphnia begins to deposit its eggs in 
the cavity of its back. 1852 Dana Crvst. 11.1525 No Daph- 
nioids. .have been yet reported from the Torrid Zone. 

Daphnin (dz'fnin). Chem. [f. DAPHNE + -1N.] 
A bitter glucoside obtained from two species of 
Daphne. So Da-phnetin, a product of the de- 
composition of daphnin. ? 

1819 CuitpREN Chem. Anal. 289 Daphnin is the bitter 
principle of the daphne alpina. “1847 E. Turner Eden. 
Chem. (ed. 8) 1165 Daphnine, from the bark of Daphne 
mezereum and other species. It is crystallizable. 1872 Watts 
Dict. Chem., Daphnetin. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 
449 Colourless prisms of daphnetin. 


DAPHNOMANCY. 
Obs—°  [f. Gr. Bapyn 


+t Daphuomaney. 
laurel, DaPHNE + -MANCY.] ‘Divination by a 


Lawrel Tree’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656). 

|| Dapifer (depifor). [L., f. daps, dapi- food, 
feast + fer- bearing.] One who rings meat to 
table ; hence, the official title of the steward of 
a king’s or nobleman’s household. 

1636 Bratuwait Roman Emp, 308 This Emperour also ap- 


pointed divers Offices in the Empire, as Chancellor, Dapifer, 
etc. 1657 Reeve God's Plea (T.), Thou art the dapifer of 


thy palate, 1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey), Dafifer, he that 
carries up a Beh at a Feast, a Server .. yy tA the 


Title was given to any trusty Servant, especially the chief 
Steward, or Head Bailiff of an Honour,etc. 1845 C. Mac- 
FARLANE /ist. Eng. 1.163 The royal cup-bearer or dapifer 
ordered him to withdraw. 


+ Dapina ,v. Obs—° [f. L, dapinat-, ppl. 
stem of dafinare to serve - (food), f. daps (cf. 
vee) «To prouide daintie meates’ (Cockeram). 

Daply, var. of Dappty a. 

+ Dapocarginous, a. Obs. 

1674 Biount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Dapocaginous (from the 
Ital. dafoco), that has a little or narrow heart, low-spirited, 
of little worth. 

Dapper (dz'pe1), a. Also 5 dapyr, 6 daper; 
6 erron. dappard, -art. [Not found in OE. or 
ME. App. adopted in the end of the ME. period 
from Flemish or other LG. dialect (with modi- 
fication of sense, perh. ironical or humorous) : 
cf. MDu. dapper powerful, strong, stout, energetic, 
in mod, Du., valiant, brave, bold, MLG. dapper 
heavy, weighty, steady, stout, persevering, un- 
daunted, OHG. tapfar, MHG. ¢apfer heavy, 
weighty, firm, in late MHG. and mod.G., warlike, 
brave. The sense of ON. dafr ‘sad, downcast’ 
appears to be developed from that of ‘heavy’. 
Possibly cognate with OSlav. dobrii good.] 

1. Of persons: Neat, trim, smart, spruce in dress 
or appearance. (Formerly appreciative ; now more 
or less depreciative, with associations of littleness 
or pettyness ; cf. b.) 


c1440 Promp. Parv. 113 Dapyr, or praty, elegans. a1529 | 


SkeLton /mage Hypocr.95 As dapper as any crowe And 
perteas any pie. 1530 Patscr. 309/1 Daper, proper, mignon, 
rodin. 1594 Nasue Un/fort. Trav. 1 The dapper Mounsier 
‘Pages of the Court. 1648 Herrick Hesfer., The Temple, 
Their many mumbling masse-priests here, And many 
a dapper chorister. 1673 R. LeicH 7vansproser Reh. 9 As 
if the dapper Stripling were to be heir to all the Fathers 
features. 1749 Firtpinc Tom Yones 1. xi, The idle and 
childish liking of a girl to a boy. .is often fixed on. . flowing 
locks, downy chins, dapper shapes. 1828 Scott /. J/. Perth 
viii, The spruce and dapper importance of his ordinary 
appearance. 31861 Sat. ev. Dec. 605 Our dapper curates, 
who only open their mouths to say ‘ L’Eglise, c'est moi!’ 
1885 Miss Brapvon IIy/lard’s Weird 1. 89 A good-looking 
man..well set up, neat without being dapper or priggish. 

b. esp. Applied toa little person who is trim or 
smart in his ways and movements: ‘little and 
active, lively without bulk’ (J ). 

1606 Wily Beguiled in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 229 Pretty Peg 
..’Tis the dapp’rest wench that ever danced after a tabor 
and pipe. 1634 Mitton Comus 118 Trip the pert fairies 
and the dapper elves. 1792 Wotcotr (P. Pindar) Ode to 
Ld. Lonsdale, Much like great Doctor Johnson .. With 
dapper Maer Boswell on his back. 1823 Scorr Peveril 
xxxv, The clean, tight, dapper little fellow, hath proved an 
overmatch for his bulky antagonist. 1840 Hoop Uf the 
Rhine 66 A smart, dapper, brisk, well-favoured little fellow. 
1870 Emerson Soc. & Sodit., Civilization Wks. (Bohn) III. 
12 We are dapper little busybodies, and run this way and 
that way superserviceably. 

2. transf. Of animals and things. 

1579 dope lig a Cal. Oct. 13, The dapper ditties, 
that I wont devise, ‘To feede youthes fansie. [Gloss., Daf- 
hen pretye.] 1589 77i. Love & Fort. 1. in Hazl. Dodsley 

I. 198 There was a little dappard ass with her. 1592 
Greene Ufst. Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) Il. 218 
A little daper flowre like a ground hunnisuckle. 1672 
Woop Life (1772) 48 Mounting my dapper DABR, Pegasus. 
1704 Moderat. Dispi. vi. 23 A Dapper Animal, whose Pigmy 
Size Provokes the Ladies Scorn, and mocks their Eyes. 
180z G. Cotman Br. Grins, London Rurality i, Would-be 
villas, ranged in dapper pride. 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit., 
Work & Days Wks. (Bohn) ILI, 65 What. of this dapper 
« houc and gutta-percha, which makes water-pipes and 
stomach-pumps ? 

3. as sb. A dapper fellow. Ods. 

1709 Tatler No. 85 ®1 A distant Imitation of a forward 
Fop, and a Resolution to over-top him in his Way, are the 
distinguishing Marks of a Dapper. /did. No. 96? 4. 1747 
W. Horsey /ool No, 68 The well-dressed Beaus, the Dap- 
pers, the Smarts. 

4. Comb., as dapper-looking. 

1874 Burnanp My Time iii. 28 [The] dapper-looking, 
though common chairs. 

Da‘pperism. wonce-wd. [-18M.] The style, 
manners, etc. of a dapper person, 


1830 Cartyte Richter Misc. (1888) III. 33 A degree of 
be 5 j tee and Dilettantism .. pled in the History 
of Literature. 


f. Daprer a + 
pper fellow. 


Dapper’ (dzeparlin). 
ia ee weakling.) A iittle 

161 Corcr., Nambot, a dwarfe; elfe, little starueling ; 
a nme «ae or low dapperling. ay Signs of 
Times Misc. (1888) II. 246 An intellectual ieaneetes 
these times. 1681 P. Bayne in Lit. World 14 Jan. 26/1 
She loves Anthony, a dapperling in person, 


30 
Dapperly (de'paili), adv. [as 2,] In a dapper 


manner ; neatly, trimly, si 


> ys 
Lp. Matmessury in 7imes 1 Oct. (1884) 4/4 A slight 
i a with spurs and Dench age Kibo 4 


fi : 
heer a Bar Mag. V. 290 Horns set dapperly upon the 


Dapperness (d«paimés). [-ness.] The 
naw of being dapper ; spruceness, trimness. 


otterie. 


LsGrR. 212/1 Day propernesse, m7i; 
1842 eemnsoet Lect, Mass the ‘Reformer Wks. n) If. 
238 Each requires of the practitioner. .a certain dapperness 
a 


n P , an accep of 1881 At 
12 Feb. 242/2 Dapperness rather than assumed dignity 
being the chief characteristic. 

Dapple (dep’l), sb. Also6dappell. [Unless 
this is the first element in dapfle-grey (q.v.), it is 
not known until late in the 16th c., being preceded 


somewhat by — of the adj. of the same form, | 


and followed by those of the vb. in the simple 
tenses; the (? ppl.) adj. dappled however appears 
two centuries earlier. The mutual relations of these 


and the derivation and etymological development | 
| from afpel sb.] 
still uncertain. The primary meaning of dappled | 


of the whole group are, from the want of data, 


was ‘spotted, specked, blotched’, which might 
arise either from a vb. ‘to spot’ or a sb.=‘ spot, 
blotch’. A possible connexion is the Icel. depz// 
(found in 13th c.) ‘ spot, dot’; according to Vig- 
fusson ‘a dog with spots over the eyes is also called 
depill’. Thisis app.a dim. of dafz pool : cf. mod. 
Norw. dafe, depel muddy pool, pond, dub; MLG. 
dope, doble. Thus dapple might perhaps originally 
mean a ‘splash’, and, hence, a small blotch or 
speck of eslour) 


+1. One of many roundish spots or small blotches | 


of colouring by which a surface is diversified. Ods. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia u. 271 (R.) As many eyes upon his 
body, as my gray mare hath dapples. 
.-a spot or dapple on a horse. 

2. (Without //.) Spotting, clouding; mottled 
marking of a surface ; dappled condition, dappling. 

1sgt Horsey 7vav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 220 A goodly fare 
white bull, all spotted over with black naturall dappell. 
1648 Eart or West. Otia Sacra (1879) 88 The Crimson 


| streaks belace the Damaskt West..And cast so fair a Dapple 


o'r the Skies. 1713 Loud. Gas. No. 5176/4 A Grey Mare.. 
a little Fleabitten..on the Dapple behind. 1820 J. Hopcson 
in J. Raine Mem. (1857) 1. 291 The whole sky has a harsh 
and unnatural dapple. ; 

3. An animal, as a horse or ass, with a mottled 
coat. [app. subst. use of DAPPLE a.] 

a 1635 Corset Poents (1807) 16 The king .. rides upon 
his brave gray dapple. 1733 Frecpinc Quzx.1. i, Thou art 
just such another squat bag of guts as thy Dapple. a 1800 


| Cowrer Needless Alarm 115 Be it Dapple’s bray, Or be it 


not, or be it whose it may. 1861 77Zes 8 Oct. 8/1 The pure- 
blooded dapple, shaking his long ears over that manger. 

Dapple (de'p'l, a. Also 6 daple. [See 
Dapp.E sé., and DarpLep. The simple adj. is 
known ¢ 1550: its relation to the sb. and vb. is un- 
certain. According to analogy, it might be the 
source of either or both of these ; but its date would 
suggest that it may itself have been worn down 
from dappled, or short for dapple-grey.] =DAPPLED. 

1sst ‘I. Witson Logike 79 All horses bee not of one 
colour, but. .some baye, some daple. 1735 SomeRviLte Chase 
1v. 249 With his Hand Stroke thy soft dapple Sides, as he 
each Day Visits thy Stall. 1841 Lane Arad. Nis. 1. 46 
‘There approached them a third sheykh, with a dapple mule. 
[Daffle cited by Imperial and Century Dicts. from Scott, 
is an error for dappled: see Guy M. xxv. 

Hence + Da‘ppleness, dappled state. 

1611 Corcr., Pommelure, plumpenesse, roundnesse ; also 
daplenesse. 


Da e (deep'l), v. Also 7 daple, dappel. 
[The (? ppl.) adj. DappLep (q. v.) occurs from the 
end of the 14th c.; but the simple vb. is first 


known two centuries later, and might have been 
inferred from the ppl. adj., or formed directly on 
the sb. or adj. of same form; see DAppLe sé.] 

1. ¢vans, To mark or variegate with rounded spots 
or cloudy patches of different colour or shade. 

1599 Suaks. Much Ado v. iii. 27 The gentle day. . Dapples 
the drowsie east with spots of grey. c 1620 Fiercner & 
Mass. 7rag. Barnavelt ww. i. ‘They should have dapled ore 
nm bay with fome, Sir. a _ CLeveLanp Wks. (1687) 1 

trembling Leaves .. Dappling the Walk with light aad 
shade. 1697 Phil. Trans. XIX. 781 A ae ss J that is 
dappel’d in several Places of his Body with White Spots. 
1791 Cowrer bs XX. 427, I see the walls and arches 

led thick With gore. 1799 G. SmitH Ladborat 1 

20 How to — ahorse, 1824 “Miss Mrrroxp Village 

. 1. (1863) 79 An adjoining meadow, where the sheep are 
lying, dappling its sloping surface like the small clea on 
the summer heaven. _ 1870 sown Among my Bhs. Ser, 


1611 Cotcr., Place | 


| 4-5 dappel-, - 


| compound was formed. 


| blue, snow-white, etc.; but it is di 


DAPPLY. 
Aad linomnl ta dnepie wich lake aad elows eee 
Hence Da: vb. sb. and ppl. a. 


1830 Worpsw. Russian Fugitive 1. ii, In the dappling 
east as pe unwelcome dawn. . 1870 Ruskin Lect. Art 
vi. (1875) 172 The ing of one wood glade with 

and sunshine, 1883 G. ALLEN in Knowledge 3 Aug. 66/1 
‘The..colour and dappling [of i 


Da se EAner - dappl 
q “grey: see 
Bay oP Keays bay (horse), ‘aga 


1835 D. Boor Analyt. Dict. 305 The colours of Horses 
are .. There are bays, 

Da; (dz'p'ld), a. 5 dappeld, 6 daplit, 
6-7 dapled. form, pa. pple. of DaprLe 


APPLE sb. occurred early 
enough, an adj. from it in -ed = ‘spotted’, would 
be possible; cf. F. pommelé, OF. pomelé, dappled, 
which similarly occurs long before the vb. pom- 
meler, and was perh. immediately f. pommedle, or 
OF. pomel, dim, of pee apple; also OE. #fpled 
in wpplede gold, ‘formed into apples or balls’, 


Marked with roundish spots, patches, or blotches 
of a different colour or shade ; spotted, speckled, 

c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 142 It [Giraffe] es a faire 
beste, wele dappled (Cott, A/S. a best pomelee or spotted, 
Fr. une beste techchele\. Ibid. 143 Per er also wilde suyne 
..dappeld and spotted [Coft, M/S. all spotted, Fr. tontz 
tecchelez). 1535 Srewart Cron, Scot. (1858) I. 21 The daplit 
sky wes lyke the cristell cleir. 1590 Spenser /. Q. u. i. 18 
A pray steede.. Whose sides with dapled circles weren 
dight. 1610 Fretcner Faithful Sheph. u. ii, Only the 
dappled deer. . Dwellsinthisfastness. 1632 Mitton L’A dlegro 
41 Till the dappled dawn doth rise. 1718 Prior Poems, 
The Garland i, The dappl'd Pink, and blushing Rose. 1860 
Ruskin Mod. Paint. V.1. i. §6 Beeches cast their dappled 
shade. 1868 Darwin Anim. & Pi. 1. ii. 55 Horses of every 
colour. .are all occasionally dappled. 7 

b. Comb. dappled grey = DAPPLE-GREY (horse). 

1590 Srenser /. Q. 11. Vil. 37 Fast flying, on a Courser 
dapled gray. 1810 Lady of L. 1. xxiii, He saw 
your steed, a dappled grey. 1842 Tennyson 7alking O. 
112 Her mother trundled to the gate Behind the dappled 
grays. S 3 

Dapple-grey (dx'p’ligré'), a. (sd.) Forms: 
1-, -il(1-, 6-7 daple-, 5— dapple- 
grey, -gray. [See Dapp.e sé., a., v. and GREY. 

Since salary occurs nearly two centuries before 
dapfple itself is exemplified in me | grammatical capacity 
(the only form known to be of equal age being the ppl. ad 
dappled\, it is difficult to conjecture whence or how the 
: t 3 In such a the = 
element is usually a sb.: e.g. in apple-grey, iron-; , shy 

i fircule to pe any 
analogous meaning to ‘spot-grey’, if we suppose dafple 
here to be the sb. The Germanic languages bgp ve 
a combination meaning ‘apple-grey’: viz. ON. apfalgrdr 
: dapple-grey, i. e. apple-grey, having the streaky colour of 
an apple’ (Vigfusson), Sw. ofetars, orw. apel-graa, Da. 
abildgraa, pied, piebald; OHG. aphelgra ‘glaucus (Grimm), 
MHG. af/elgrd, Ger. apfelgrau‘ dapple-grey’ (Flagel), ‘ap- 
plied to the apple-round spots which show themselves on 

rey horses’ (Grimm), Du. age greeny sfapplegrey’. So 
fF pommelé (£. pomme apple) marked with rou: spots 
(of any colour), gvis-pommelé Set cevelet with darker 
spots, dapple-grey, pomely grey in er, C. 7. Prol. 616; 
with which cf. Russ. #a010UHbIM yadlochnyt dappled, 


| Sutpatectday 63 9 all said esp. of the coats of horses. It is 


| not easy to 


lieve that ‘dapple-grey’ which renders these 
words, has no connexion with ‘apple-grey’, their actual 
t lation ; the expl ion may be that dafple-grey was a 


mixture of Darriep spotted, taken as the sense-equivalent 
of F. pommelé, with apple the formal, tative 
| of Norse afad-gré-, and its Teutonic equivalents. This 


would account at once for the difficulty in analysing dapple- 
in this combination, and for its presence here before its 


PP as an Pp word.) 
Grey variegated with rounded spots or patches of a 
darker shade; said of horses. 


©1386 Cuaucrr Sir 7) 17 
gray [v. 77. dappel- (3 ey 


yh 1877 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husb. wm. (1586) 116 
The , the sorrell, the dunne, the &ry. 3599 T. 
M[ovrer) Sidkwormes 72 How they ge .. n 
to an yron, then to a dapple gray. 1664 Evetyn Sylva 
1679) 29, I read..That an handful or two of small Oak 

ttons, ae with Oats, given to Horses which are black 


0. 
Horse. 1805 Scorr Last Minstr. 1. xxiv, O swi can 


speed dapplegrey steed, 
anh 1639 agi Ci 2 Preweg v. v. in Hazl. Dods: 
. > ¢ dapple-grey, 
Half Moor, half English. opty: 
b. = A horse of this one - 
.or H . Challeng: nights , Wks. 
Fike. 9 232 ‘Chvletianes. comand ph Ae pars Ni his 


(1873) 240 The flickering pp 
roof of the little porch. : 


1647 Wi inw Sine Cobler 76 It is in fashion with 


uu to.. 
dapple your sj with new quodled words. N. O. 
Batleans Lutrin i. 41 Discord 4 ppled o’re with th d 
Crimes. ; 
2. intr. To become eomehed or speckled. 
1678 Lond. Gas. No. 1266/4 An iron gray Gelding, nae 
ning to dapple. 1818 Byron Masefpa xvi, Me' 


mist of dawning gray Would never dapple into day, 1883 


sky-coloured. 
Da'pply, a. rare. [f. DappLe sb, +-¥.] =Dar- 
PLE a. ply-grey = DAPPLE-GREY. 4 
‘cems, On Rover, Make of lineaments divine 
female spaniels shine. 2 Jj. Crariwce She, 
Ban ot Rulers Clowis swall aan toxndy like m ley: 
grey with a North-wind. 

Daps: see Dap sd. : 

Dar, obs. form of Dare 56.3, DARE v.! 

Dar, var. of Jar, THAR v., need, needs. 


DARAPTI. 


Darapti (dire:ptai). Logic. A mnemonic term 
designating the first mood of the third figure of 
syllogisms, in which both premises are universal 
affirmatives (a, a), and the conclusion a particular 


affirmative (z). 

The initial @ indicates that the mood may be reduced to 
Darvii of the first figure; the / following the second vowel 
that there must be conversion fer accidens of the minor 
premiss. 

1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 30 The thirde figure..Davap 
ti. 1654 Z. Coxe Art Logick &s657) 136 The third Figure 
..The Modes of this Figure are six. Called, Darafti, 
Felapton, Disamis, Datisi, Bocardo, Ferison. 1727-51 
Cuampers Cycl. s. v. Darapfti..e.g., dA. Every truly 
religious man is virtuous ; ~A. Every truly religious man 
is hated by the world: ¢/, Therefore, some virtuous men 
are hated by the world. 1827 WHatTeLy Log7c (1848) 101 
Third, Darafti, viz. (dA) Every Y isX; (rAp) Every Y is 
Z; therefore (tI) some Z is X. 

Darayne, var. of DrraIcn Ods. 

Darbar: see Durbar. 

Darby (da-1bi). A southern (not the local) 
pronunciation of Derby, the name of an English 
town and shire, which was formerly also some- 
times so spelt. Hence an English personal sur- 
name, and an appellation of various things named 
after the place or some person of that surname. 

1575 LANEHAM Ley, (1871) 4 Chester... Darby, and Staffoord. 
1654 Trapp Comm Ps, iii. Introd., Summerset, Notting- 
ham, Darby. 

1. Father Derby's or Darby's bands : app. Some 
rigid form of bond by which a debtor was bound 
and put within the power of a money-lender, 
(It has been suggested that the term was de- 
rived from the name of some noted usurer of the 
16th c.) 

1576 GascoiGne. Steele G2, (Arb.) 71 To make their coyne, 
anet to catch yong frye. To binde such babes in father 
Derbies bands, To stay their steps by statute Staples staffe. 
1592 GREENE Ufst, Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 
229 Then hath my broker an usurer at hand..and he brings 
the money, but they tie the poore soule in such Darbies 
bands. 1602 Carew Cornwall 15b, Hee deliuers him so 
much ware as shall amount to fortie shillings..for which 
thee poore wretch is bound in Darbyes bonds, to deliuer him 
two hundred waight of Tynne. 

2. /. Handcuffs : sometimes also, fetters. slang. 
1673 R. Heap Canting Acad. 13 Darbies, irons, or 
Shackles or fetters for Fellons. 1815 Scotr Guy M, 
xxxili, ‘But the darbies’, said Hatteraick, looking upon 
his fetters. 1889 D. C. Murray Dang. Catspaw 301 Better 
get the darbies on him while he’s quiet. 
+3. Ready money. Obs. slang. 

1682 HickeRINGILL Wks. (1716) II. 20 Except they. .down 
with their Dust, and ae. Darby. 1688 SHADWELL Sg”, 
Alsatia 1. i, The ready, the Darby. 1692 Miracles per- 
Sormed by Money Ep. Ded., Till with Darby’s and Smelts 
thou thy Purse hast wellstored. ¢1712 Estcourt Prunella 
1. 4 (Farmer) Come, nimbly lay down Darby; Come, pray 
sir, don't be tardy. 1785 in Grose Dict, Vulg. Tongue. 

4. Short for Derby ale ; ale from that town being 
famous in the 17th c. 

(1614 J. Cooke Greene's Tu Quogue in Hazl. Dodsley XI. 
234, Ihave sent my daughter this morning as far as Pimlico, 
to fetch a draught of Derby ale.] @1704 T. Brown /Vks. 
(1760) II. 162 (D.) Can’t their Darby go down but with 
atune? 1719 D’Urrey Pills IV. 103 He.. Did for a 
. Draught of Darby call. ; 

5. Plastering. A plasterer’s tool, consisting of a 
narrow strip of wood two or three feet long, with 
two handles at the back, used in ‘ floating’ or 
levelling a surface of plaster; also applied to a 

) Cy . . 
plasterer’s trowel with one handle, similarly used : 
see quot. 1881. (Formerly also Deréy.) 

1819 Rees Cyc/. s. y. Stucco, The first coat .. is to be laid 
on with a trowell, and floated to an even surface with 
a darby (7. e. a handle-float), 1823 P. NicHotson Pract. 
Build, 390 The Derby is a two-handed float. 1842 Gwitt 
Archit, (1876) 675 The Derby .. is of such a length as to 
require two men to use it, 188: Lvery Man his own 
Mechanic §1379 For laying on fine stuff, and smoothing 
the finishing surface of a wall, a trowel of peculiar form and 
make, with the handle springing from and parallel to the 
— -is required .. This trowel is technically called a 

larby’. 

6. Darby and Joan. A jocose appellation for 

an attached husband and wife who are ‘all in all 
to each other’, especially in advanced years and 
in humble life. Hence dia/., a pair of china figures, 
male and female, for the chimney-piece. Hence 
Darby-and-Joan v,, -Joanish a. 
_ The Gentil. Mag. (1735) V. 153 has under the title ‘ The 
joys of love never forgot: a song’, a mediocre copy of 
yerses, beginning ‘ Dear Chloe, while thus beyond measure, 
You treat me with doubt and disdain’, and continuing in 
the third stanza ‘Old Darby, with Joan by his side, You’ve 
often regarded with wonder: He's dropsica she is sore-eyed, 
Yet they’re never happy asunder ’, This has usually been con- 
sidered the source of the names, and various conjectures 
have been made, both as to the author, and as to the 
identity of ‘Darby and Joan’, but with novalid results, It 
is possible that the names go k to some earlier piece, 
and as Darby is not a common English surname, it may 
have originated ina real person, There isalsoa well-known 
tgth c. song of the name, =< 

1773, Gotps. Stoops to Cong.1. i, You may be a Darby, 
but I'll be no Joan, I promise you. 1857 Mrs. Matuews 
Tea-Table Talk 1. 50 They furnished..a high-life illustra- 
tion of Derby and Joan. 1869 Trottore He Knew xc. 
(1878) 500 When we travel together we must go Darby and 


31 


Joan fashion, as man and wife. 1881 Miss Brappon Afi. 
III. 251 Daphne. .sat by Edgar's side ina thoroughly Darby- 
and-Joanish manner. ane Punch 18 June 294 Both their 
Graces were present, Darby-and-Joaning it all over the 
shop. 

Darbyism (da-sbijiz’m). [f. the name of Rev. 
John N. Darby, their first leader.) The principles 
of a sect of Christians (founded ¢ 1830), also called 
Plymouth Brethren, or of a branch of these called 
Exclusive Brethren. So Da‘rbyite, one who holds 
these principles. 

x SpurGeon Commenting 62 Good as they are, their 
Darbyism gives them an unpleasant and unhealthy savour. 
1882-3 E. E. Wuitertetp in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Know/. 
III. 1856 Plymouth Brethren. .upon the European Continent 
generally named ‘ Darbyites’. 1890 J. Woop Brown //a/. 
Campaign u. ii. 148 Darbyite views, 

Daree, obs. var. DACcE, a fish. 

Dardan (da-1din), a.andsé. [ad. L. Dardanus, 
Dardanius (poet.) Trojan.] adj. Trojan, of Troy. 
sb. A Trojan. So Darda‘nian a. and sé.; || Dar- 
da‘nium [Pliny V. AH. xxx. iii. 12 Dardanium, 
vel Dardanum, sc. aurum, ornamentum aureum}, 
a golden bracelet. 

1606 Suaks. 77. § Cv. Prol. 13 On Dardan Plaines. 1813 
Byron By. Abydos u. iv, Of him who felt the Dardan’s 
arrow. 1818 — Ch, Har. 1. i, The Dardan Shepherd's 
prize. 1 Suaxs. Merch, V. mu. ii. 58 The Dardanian 
wiues. 1623 Cockeram, Dardancan Art, Witchcraft. 1648 
Herrick Hesfer., To Fulia, About thy wrist the rich Dar- 
danium. 

Dard(e, obs. f. Dart, and dared (see DARE z.). 

[Dardy-line: see List of Spurious (Vords.) 

Dare (dée1), v.1 Pa. t. durst (daist), dared 
(déerd) ;_ pa. pple. dared. Forms: see below. 
[One of the interesting group of Teutonic preterite- 
present verbs, of which the extant present is an 
original preterite tense ; see Can, Dow, etc. OE. 
durran, pres. dearr, durron, pa. dorste,=OS. g7- 
durran, -dar, -durrun, -dorsta, MLG. doren, dar, 
doren, dorste, OF ris. diira, (dir or dor), dorste, 
OHG. g2-turran, -tar, -turrun, -torsta, pa. pple. 
gitorran, MHG. turren, tar, turren, torste, subj. 
torste, Goth. ga-daursan, -dars, -daursun, subj. 
-daursjau, -daursta; belonging originally to the 
third ablaut series ders-, dars-, durs-, Aryan dhers-, 
dhars-, dhys-: cf. Skr. dhysh-, perf. dadharsha, to 
be bold, Gr. 6apo-, Opac- in Opaavs bold, Bapaciy 
to be bold, OSlav. drzzate to be bold, dare. In 
ON., the word is wanting, its sense being supplied 
by the weak verb fora. It is also lost in mod.Ger, 
and Du.; in MDu. it appears to have run together 
with the verb dorven, =OE. purfan to need (see 
THAR); hence in Du., durven is to dare; and 
Ger. diizfen in some of its uses approaches the 
sense ‘dare’. These two verbs have also fallen 
together under a @ form in some Frisian dialects ; 
and in ME. there was some confusion between them, 
dar being sometimes written for ¢iar, while, on the 
other hand, ¢2- forms (some of them at least from 
Norse) appear with the sense of dar: see A. g below. 

The original 3rd sing. pres. Ae dare, and pa. t. durst, re- 
mained undisturbed to the modern period, in which the 
transitive senses (B, II.) Were developed; but early in the 
16th c, the new forms dares, dared, appeared in the south, 
and are always used in the transitive senses, and now also 
in the intransitive sense when followed by Zo. In the ori- 
ginal construction, followed by the infinitive without fo, 
dare, durst are still in common use (esp. in the negative 
‘he dare not’, ‘he durst not’); and most writers prefer ‘he 
dare go’, or ‘he dares to go’, to ‘he dares go’. The 
northern dialects generally retain ‘he dare, he durst’, and 
writers of northern extraction favour their retention in 
literary English when followed by the simple infinitive 
without #o,] 

A. Inflexions. 

1, Pres. Indic. a. 1st sing. 1 dear(r, north. 
darr, 1-3 dear, 2-4 der, 3 Orm. darr, 3-6 dar, 
5- dare, (Sc. 7 dar, 8-9 daur). 

cgso Lindisf. Gosp., Ferome’s Prol. P2 Pe ich darr huelce 
hwoego..to eccanne. c 1000 /ELFRIC Gen. xliv. 34 Ne dear 
ic ham faran, cx1z00 Ormin 10659 Ne darr i pe nohht 
fullhtnenn. ¢ 1205 Lay. 6639 Ne der ich noht kennen. 
a1225 St. Marher. 16 Speoken i ne dar nawt. ax1240 
Uretsun in Cott. Hom. 185 Mi leofman dear ich swa clipien. 
cz Will. Palerne 938 Y dar nou3t for schame. /bid. 
2169, I der leye mi lif. c1q20 Avow. Arth, xxxviii, I dar 
lay. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 770, I dare well 
avowe it. 1605 SHaks. Macé. 1. vii. 44 Letting I dare not 
wait vpon I would. 17rx Appison Sfect. No. 58 P 1, I dare 
promise my self. 1725 Ramsay Gent. ShepA. ui. iv, | daurna 
zy 8 18.. [see examples in B]. 

. and sing. 1 dearst, (north. *darst), 2-3 
deerst, 2-4 derst, 3 Ovm. darrst, 3-6 darst, 
darryst, daryst, 4-5 darist, 5 darste, 5— darest, 
(7 darst, 7-dar’st). 8. north. 4-6 dar, 4- dare. 

Beowulf 1059 Gif Su. .dearst..bidan. ¢x175 Lamb. Hom, 
27 Pu ne derst cumen bi-foren him. c 1200 Ormin 5614 Patt 
tu Ne darrst nohht Drihhtin wrabpenn. ¢ 1205 Lay. 20375 
Pune deerst [c 1278 darst). .abiden. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L.G, W, 
1450 Hypsip. & Medea, Now daryst thow [v.r. darstou] take 
this viage. c1g00 Rom. Rose 2532 That thou resoun derst 
bigynne. c Lanfranc's Cirurg. 302 Whanne pou. .ne 
darist not doit. 1470-85 Matory Arthur x. lv, Arte thou 
a knygte and darste not telle thy name? 166 R. C. Times’ 


DARE, 


Whistle v, 2143 [Thou] darst repaire. 1667 Mitton P. Z, 
ut. 682 Thou, . That dar’st. .advance. 

B. «1300 Cursor M, 5668 (Cott.) How dare [z.7. dar] pou 
sua pi brober smite! c 1470 Henry Wallace m1. 361 Quhi, 
Scot, dar thou nocht preiff? 1578 Gude §& Godlie Ballates 
(1868) 116 How dar thow for mercy cry? 

cC. 37d sing. a. 1 dear(r, zorth, darr, 1-3 
dear, 2-3 der, 3 Ovm. darr, 3-6 dar, 5- dare, 
(8-9 Sc. daur). 8. 6 dareth, -yth, 6- dares. 

Beowulf 1373 Gif he zesecean dear. c 1178 Lamb, 
Hom. 111 He his men eisian ne der. c1275 11 Pains of 
Hell 231 in O. E. Misc. 153 Ne dar no seynt heom bidde 
fore. 1340 Ayend, 32 Pet ne dar na3t guo ine pe pebe. 1382 
Wycur Rom. x. 20 Ysaie dar, and seith. c1400 Maunpev, 
(Roxb.) xii. 51 Nere pis see dare na man dwell. 148; 
Caxton G. de la Tour F viij, A coueytous herte dar Greil 
Saye. 1549 Compl. Scotl. 14 3it he dar be sa bold. 1599 
Suaks, Much Ado ui. i. 74 Who dare tell her so? 1603 — 
Meas. for M. v. i. 315 The Duke dare No more stretch this 
finger of mine, then he Dare racke his owne. 1630 DAVENANT 
Cruel Bro. 1, A pretty curr! Dare it bite as wellas barke? 
1816 Scott Axtig. xxvi, ‘Shew me a word my Saunders 
daur speak, ora turn he daur do.’ 1850 TENNYSON J7 Mei. 
xlviii, Nor dare she trust a larger lay. 

B. 1533 J. Hevwoop Mery Play betw. Fohan, Tib, etc., 
The kokold..for his lyfe daryth not loke hether ward. 1605 
Suaks, Macé. 1. vii. 46-7, I dare do all that may become 
aman, Who dares do more, is none. 1697 DrypEN V77g. 
Georg. 111. 418 The fearful Stag dares for his Hind engage. 
1798 Frere & Hammonp in Axnti-Facobin No. 28 (1852) 140 
The man who dares to die. 1812 J. Witson Jsle of Palms 
11,241 Poor wretch ! he dares not open his eye. 1856 EmMEr- 
son Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 113 No priest dares 
hint at a Providence which does not respect English utility. 

§ The present dare has been carelessly used for 
the past dared or durst. 

1760 /inpostors Detected 1. 232 He pretended that the 
marquis dare not appear abroad by day. 1811 A. BeLt in 
Southey Z7/¢ (1844) II. 651 I wish I dare [=durst) put them 
down among Bucibcol 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest 
vii, He told me he dare not speak to you on the subject. 
1857 KincsLEy 7wo ¥. Ago J. 214 She was silent; for to 
rouse her tyrant was more than she dare do. /é7d. 298 But 
she went into no trance; she dare not. 

2. Pres. Indic. plural. a. 1 durron(-e), 2-3 dur- 
re(n, 3-4 duren, dorre(n, 4-5 durn(-e), dore(n, 
‘un, 4-5 dur, dor. £8. 3-6 north. der, 4-5 dar, 
(5-6 darne), 5- dare, (.Sc. 7 dar, 8-9 daur). 

cgoo Beda's /ist. 1, xxvii. Resp. 5 (1890) 72 Pat heo 
nowiht swelces ne durron gefremman. c 1208 Lay. 25705 
Pis lond cnihtes ne durren wid him mare na fehten [c 1275 ne 
dorre pis lond cnihtes]. a1225 ¥uliana 47 Hu durre 3e? 
c1250 Gen. §& Ex. 2239 He ne duren de weie cumen in. 
cr1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 244/133 Pat ne dorre we nou3t. 1340 
Ayend. 38 Pet..nollepb ober ne dorre ri3t do. 1382 Wyctir 
Gen, xliv. 26 We dorun [1388 doren] not se the face of the 
lord. c1386 Cuaucer Can. Veom. Prol. & 7. 108 (Harl. 
MS.) As bay pat dor [v.7. dore, dur, dar (3 MSS.), dare] 
nou3t schewen her presence. cxq400 in Wyclif’s Sel. Wks. 
III. 476 Now durne worldly prestis take so grete lordschipe 
upon hem. c 1400 MaunbeEV. (1839) xxvii. 271 Therfore dur 
not the marchauntes passen there. 1401 Po/. Poems (Rolls) 
II. 107 Privyly as 3e doren. 

B. a@1300 Cursor M, 17425 (Cott.) pan dar we sai. 1377 
Lancu. P?. PZ. B. Prol. 152 We dar nou3te wel loke. 1393 
Tbid, C. 1v. 214 Pore men der nat pleyne. c1q00 MAunbeEv. 
(1839) vi. 64 Thei dar wel werre with hem. c1q00 Zest. 
Love i. (1560) 281/2 Loues servaunts..in no place darne 
appeare. 15.. Sir Andrew Barton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 
64 To France nor Flanders we der not goe. 1562 WIN3ET 
Tractates i, Wks. 1888 I. 4 We dar not contemne. 158 
Mutcaster Positions xxxviii. (1887) 168 Ladies who dare 
write themselues. 1664 Evetyn Aad. Hort. (1729) 186 We 
dare boldly pronounce it. 186r Dickens Gt. Exfect. xxiii, 
How dare you tell me so? 

3. Pres, Subj. a, sing. 1 dyrre, 1-5 durre, 3-4 
dure, 4 derre, 4-5 dorre; //. 1-5 durren, 4-5 
durre. 8. 4- dare, 5 dair, (8-9 Sc. daur). 

Beowulf 2763 (Z.) 1380 Sec gif du Uyrre. c888 K. Atrrep 
Boeth, xiv. § 1 Hwaker Su durre zilpan. c1220 Bestiary 
187 No3[t] wurdi, dat tu dure loken up. az2go Owl & 
Night. 1704 Non so kene, That durre abide mine onsene. 
€ 1380 Six Ferumb. 451 Com on 3if pov derre. ¢ 1430 Pilger. 
Lif Manhode ww. xix, Soo pat she durre no more be so 
proud. J/dzd. xxix. 191 If pou dorre entre. .per in. 

B. 21340 Hampote Psalter xiii. 1 Pof a wreche dare thynke 
god is noght. 1380 [see B.1b]. 1526 Sketton Maguy/. 
2205 Here is my gloue; take it vp, and thou dare. 1592 
Davies Immort. Soul viii. ii, If we dare to judge our 
Makers Will. dod, Do it if you dare! 

4. Past Indic. a. sing. 1 dorste, north. darste, 
2-6 dorste, 1-6 durste, 3 Ovm. durrste, 4-6 
dorst, 4— durst, (5 darste, derste, drust, 5-7 
dirst) ; A/. 1 dorston, 2-5 dorste(n, durste(n, 
(4 draste), 4-6 dorst, 4- durst. 8. 6- dared, 
(8-9 Sc. daur’d). 

¢893 K. ZEtrrep Ovos. 1v. xi, Hweder he wid Romanum 
winnan dorste. 918 O. £. Chron. (Earle 104), Hie ne 
dorstcn pet land nawer gesecan, axxsq4 /é7d. an. 1135 
Durste nan man misdon wid oder on his time. cx175 Lamé, 
Hom. 97 Da apostlas ne dursten bodian, c¢ 1200 OrMIN. 
2098 Forrpi durrste he sibbenn Don hise peowwess takenn 
Crist. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He ne dorste for godes 
eie forleten. c 1250 Ger. & Ex. 2593 Durste 3he non lengere . 
him for-helen. @1300 Cursor AZ. 2928 (Cott.) Par again 
durst he not spek. ¢1300 Havelok 1866 But dursten he 
[= they] newhen him no more. 1340 Ayend. 73 Pe rabre .. 
panne pou dorstest..consenti. @1340 Hampote Psalter 
xxi, 18 His kirtil be whilke pai durst noght shere. 1380 [see 
B, 2]. 1393 GowER Conf, I1.174 He his mother derste love. 
¢1440 Partonofe 1075 And the hethen drust not abyde. 
1440 York Myst. xxiv.14 How durst pou stele so stille 
away! 1535 Jove Afol. Tindale 32 He stretched forth his 
penne..as farre as he dirst. 1583 Hottysanp Campo di 
Fior 219 Wentest thou to see? Idurst not. 1641 R. Brooke 


DARE, 
FEpisc. 99 As Mercury once spared Jupiter's thunder-bolts 
which a dirst not steale, oHNSON X No. 204 

I Sa =a 8 es Rs. Cartyte Le/¢, 11, 88, 
not let m: to you at Scotsbrig. 
8B. cxsg0 Greene /'r, Bacon iv. 10 Lovely Eleonor, Who 
darde for Edwards sake cut through the seas, /¢/d. iv. 18 
She darde to brooke Neptunus haughty pride. 1641 Bur- 
rouGHS Sions Foy 26 y dared not doe as others did. 
1650 Futter Pisgah 1. 145 They dared not to stay him, 
1790 Cowrer Let. to Mrs, Bodham 21 Nov., Such as i dared 
not have given. 18a Sourney in Q. Rev. XXV. 345 He 
dared not take the crown himself. 1848 Dickens Beas 
xxx, Florence hardly dared to raise her eyes. k vA 
NEWMAN Ce den 288, I dared not tell why. bey 3 'ROUDE 
~ Stud, 1V.1. iv. 48 Any one who dared to lay hands 
on him, 

5. Past Subj. sing. asin Past Indic. pl. 1 dor- 
sten, 2- as in J/ndic. 

a 1000 Boeth. Metr. i. 54 Gif hi leodfruman lestan dorsten. 
1374 CHAUCER Segnue 1. 906 Yn loue I dorst [v.7. durst] 
haue sworn. 1377 Lanat. ?. P/. B. Prol. 178 Pere ne was 
ratoun ., bat dorst haue ybounden pe belle ab pe cattis 
nekke. 1556 Aurelio & Teak: (1608) C viij, What man. .that 
dorste haue tolde me. 

§] This Past Subj. or Conditional durst (=would 
dare) is often (like the analogous could, would, 
should, ought) used indefinitely of present time. 

c¢ 1400-50 Alexander 1673 Sire, bis I depely disire, durst I 
it neuyn. 1606 W. CrasHaw Kom. Forgeries 161 Do but 
promise that you will iudge without partialitie, and I durst 
make you iudges in this case. 1662 Gianvitt Lux Orient. 
(1682) 83, I confess, 1’m so timorous that I durst not follow 
their example. 1761 Sterne 77. Shandy III. xx, I have 
no desire, and besides if I had, I durst not. 1793 Mrs. 
IncupaLp Midn. Hour u. i, I hear his vessel is just arrived, 
I durst not leave my house, 1881 Private Secretary 1. 132 
ar mother does not drink wine and my father durstn’t. 

. Pres. Inf. a, 1 *durran, 2-5 durre(n, 3-4 
dur, 5 durn, doren, dorn, dore. £8. 5 daren, 
-un, darn, (derre), 5— dare, (8-9 Sc. daur). 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 22603 (Cott.) He_a word ne sal dur 
speke. 


| things, but nothing too much. 
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4548 Na man sal pam dur | 


biry. 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. \xxxi, Per shulde noon | 


dore resceyue it. c1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Darn, or durn 
(Pynson darun, daren, or dorn), audeo. ¢ 1450 LoNELICH 
Grail xiii. 538 They scholen not doren lyen. -_ Caxton 
Reynard (Arb.) 72 To dore to me doo suche a shame. 

B. cxg00 Maunpev. (Roxb.)iv. 12 So hardy pat he sall dare 
ga to hir. me Cath, Angl. 89 Dare, audere, presumere, 
vsurpare. Ibid. 97 Derre, vsurpare, presumere, audere. 
1715 De For Jam. Justruct. 1. iii. (1841) I. 64 They shall 
not dare to despise it. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. viii, ‘ They'll 
no daur open a door to us.’ 1841-4 Emerson E£ss., Sed/- 
Reliance Wks. (Bohn) I. 35 You cannot hope too much, or 
dare too much. 1871 Macpurr Mem. Patmos xi. 153 We 
cannot dare read the times and seasons of prophecy. 

7. Pres. pple. and vdl. sb. 6- daring. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 29 None now daring 
to take the same from you. 1889 Spectator 19 Oct., Power 
.. held on the tenure of daring to do, as well as daring to 
decide. 

8. Pa. pple. a. 5 ? dorren (cf. OHG. gitorran), 
dorre; 6 dare. §. 6-7, dial. 8-g durst. . 6- 


dared. 

a ¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode u. v. (1869) 78 How hast 
thou done be so hardi? cxseo Melusine A i 324 How 
one knyght alone had the hardynes to haue dare come. 

B. 1§09 Barcray Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 207 They sholde 

not have durst the peoples vyce to blame. 1605 SYLVESTER 
Du Barias u. iii. Law, But Iochebed would faine (if she 
had durst) Her deere sonne Moses secretly have nource't. 
1665 Perys Diary (1875-79) a A hackney-coach, the 
first I have durst to go inmany a day. 1691 tr. Hwilianne's 
Obs. Yourn. Naples 217 They had not durst so much as to 
take one step. od. Sc. If I had durst do it. 
. 829 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 65 They 
have dared to break out so audaciously. 1603 SHAKs. 
Meas. for M.11. ii. 91 Those many had not dar’d to doe that 
euill. ~ 1883 Daily Tet. 10 Nov. 4/8 A simple monk had 
dared to consign a Papal decree to the flames. 

9. Forms with initial /, #4 {partly from Norse 
pora, pordi (Sw. torde, Da. turde), partly confused 
with THar to need]: Pres. Jndic, 2 sing. 3-4 
therstou, A/. 3-4 we thore, 5 ‘hey ther(not); 7a. 
Indic, 3 purte, 3-4 therste, 4 therst, 5 thorst. 

¢1300 Havelok 10 pe wicteste man..That purte riden on 
ani stede. c1300 St. Brandan 581 We ne thore oure 
maister i-seo, /did. 585 Hou therstou.. bifore him 
nemne his name? cx300 Beket 1550 Hi ne therste - 
the Kinges wille nomore holde him so. [Also 895, 1156.] 
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 2668 Was ber no man bat in w 
perst sen ys fas. 1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1155 The four gonne 
to fle, And thorst naght nyghhe hym nere. a? ARG. 

Paston in Paston Lett. No. 506 II. 195 They say that they 
thernot take it uppon hem. 

B. Signification. 
I. intr. (Inflected dare, durst (also dares, 
dared.) 

1. To have boldness or cou. 
to be so bold as. a. followe: 
(the original const.). 

a 1000 (see examples in A. above]. 1154 O. Z. Chron., Ne 
durste nan man don ober bute god. axa2g Fnliana 42 
Penne darie we & ne durren neuer cumen biuoren him. 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 3586 (Cott.) Baldlik pat dar isai. 14.. 
ee in A. above]. 1568 Grarton Chron. I. 395 

ver the king did, no man durst speake a le. 

1611 Bisce Yoh xxi. 12 None of the disciples durst aske 

him, Who art agers. | Jounson Debates in Parit. (1787) 

afterwards ., expose himself to the 

_—. 1759 H. Warrore Corr. (ed. 3) IIL. 
wo hundred and sixty-eight Sequins are more 
than I lay out. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 74 
Nature has caprices which art dares not imitate, 1862 


(to do something) ; 
by z#f. without fo 


32 


Histor Se, Prov, 5 Ae man may steal a horse where anither 
daurna look ower the hedge. 
b. The z#/. is often unexpressed. 
ar2ag Ancr. R. 128, & 3e! of hore god, hwar se heo 


durren & muwen, ¢ 13590 Will. zune eon, (1) wioanits 
hire as i durst. ¢1380 Wycutr Serw. Sel. . 222 He 
mai be martyr if he dair. 1: see A, 4]. 1652 CuL- 
Physician (1 34% have delivered it as 
plain as I durst. 1725 De For m 
] them as near the 
id10 Scorr 


dare. 
had favoured the reformer as far as he durst. 
¢. with fo and inf. 

In this construction the 3rd sing. is now dares and the 
pa. t. dared; but durst to was formerly used. ‘None 
an to speak’, is more emphatic than ‘none durst 
speak’. 

c1gss Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 269 The 
Counsell, .neither durst to abridge or diminish any of them. 
1611 Biste 7rans/. Pref. 9 It were to be wished, that they 
had dared to tellit. 1619 Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc, Trent 
(1676) 35 A Spanish Notary dared to 5 ea publickly in 
the Rota. 1625 Burces Pers. Tithes 6 No intelligent man 
durst absolutely to deny any of these Conclusions. 1677 
Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. tv. 5 No one durst to breathe other- 
wise than according to the Dictates of her Law. 1836 W. 
Irvine Astoria I. 289 No one would dare to desert. 1870 
E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. UI. 218 He did not dare to meet 
his uncle. 1848, x [see A. 4]. 

2. (cllipt.) To dare to go, to venture. 

1380 Sir Ferumb. 3726 Ferrer ne draste pay no3t for fere. 
1660 GauDEN Brown? ig 151 There is nothing so audacious 
which wit unsanctified will not..dare at in Heaven or Hell. 
1697 Drvven Virg. Past. v1. 6 Apollo .. bade me feed My 
fatning Flocks, nor dare beyond the Reed. 

II. évans. (Inflected dares, dared.) 


3. To dareto undertake or do; to venture upon, | 


have courage for, face. 

1631 May tr. Barclay's Mir. Mindes u. 135 To dare all 
1704 Swirt 7. Tub xi, 
Should some sourer mongrel dare too near an approach. 
1827 Hezer ist Olympic Ode 145, 1 will dare the course. 
1867 Lavy HERBERT 


| berth 


' DARE. 


shoulders, 1853 Mrs. Cartyte Ze?z. II, 221, I daresay 
have thought me Ne neglectful. Sir C. S.C. oars 
Law Rep. 14 Q. B. D. 872, 1 y the rule was drafted 
without reference to the practice at common law. 
Dare (dé1), v.2 Obs. or dial. Also 3 deare, 
from ¢1200; but not found in 
{ the early ME. darien suggests an OF. 
wad LC bedeven RE ace, calee 
i to appease, abate, compose, calm. 
Flemish verdaren, verdarien to astonish, amaze ; 
but the word has not been found in the earlier 
stages of the Teutonic langs., and the primary 
signification and sense-development are uncertain.] 
I. intr. 
+1. To gaze fixedly or stupidly; to stare as one 
terrified, amazed, or fascinated. Ods. 
ax225 Leg. Kath. 2048 pe keiser..dearede al adeadet, 
druicninde & dreori. ig Owl & Night. 384 Ich mai 
i-son = hare, ‘3 ich ba on oh ae 
cr ill, Palerne 4055 ing was kast in t "a4 
hetered as doted man po fs themes dedes. Pol. old 
(Rolls) II, 218 The snayl goth lowe doun, in his 
shelle, yit may he se no sight. 1526 Sxetton Magny/. 
1358, I have an hoby can make to dare. 1530 
Patsacr. 506/2, I dare, I e or loke t me, je 
alentour, What darest t on this facyon? me thynketh 
thou woldest catche larkes. _1549 THomas Hist. Jtalie 96 
‘The emperour..constreigned Henry Dandolo. .to stande so 
longe daryng in an hotte basen, that he lost his sight. 
+2. fig. To be in dismay, tremble with fear, lose 
heart, dread. Ods. 
¢ 1300 Cursor M. 21870 (Edin.) For be se sale rise and rute, 
mani man sal dere and dute. c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 2258 
For drede he wolde not dare. ¢ yd York Myst. xxviii. 2 
My fliesshe dyderis and daris for doute of my dede. 1513 
Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 2654 Dredefully darynge comen 
now they be, Theyr wynges traylynge entred into the hall. 
+8. To lie motionless (generally with the sense 


| of fear), to lie appalled; to crouch. Also fig., 


tude that they might dare all things, and bear all things for | 


their Lord. 

4. To dare or venture to meet or expose oneself 
to, to run the risk of meeting ; to meet defiantly, 
defy (a thing). 

1602 Suaks. am. wv. v. 133, I dare Damnation. .onely 
lle be reueng’d. 1611 Heywoop Gold. Age 1. Wks. 1874 
III. 7 A Crown's worth tugging for, and I wil ha’t Though 
in pursute I dare my ominous Fate. Sf uARLES Sod, 
Recant. 23 O why should’st thou provoke thy God, and dare 
His curse upon thy practise? 1701 Rowe Amb, Step-Moth. 
iv. i. 1738 If thou still rsist to dare my Power. 1727-38 
Gay Faéles 1. xx. 36, I stand resolv'd, and dare the event. 
1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. xiii. 260 He hesi- 
tated not to dare the resentment of the pontiff. 1 
C. Bronté Villette vi, 1 saw and felt London at last.. 
I dared the perils of the crossings. 

5. To challenge or defy (a person). 

1580 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 316 An English man. .{cannot] 
suffer..to be dared by any. 1589 Hay any Work 34 What 
wisedome is this in you to dare your betters? c 1620 Z. Boyp 
Zion's Flowers (1855) 138 A gyant tall, who darr’d him to 
his face. ee Ulyss. 1. i. 270 The Slave Who fondly 
dares us with his vain defiance. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa 
(1811) VIII. 395 Woman confiding in and daring woman. 
1813 Hoce Queen's Wake 190 To a savage haunts, 
peg dare In his dark home the sullen , 

b. With various const., e.g. to dare (a person) 
to do something, /o the fight, etc., + to dare out. 

1590 Greene Ort. Fur. (1861) 92 With haughty menaces 
To dare me out within my palace gates. 1 KNoLLES 
Hist. Turks (1638) 148 He would .. meet the Rebell in the 
heart of Lydia, and there dare him battell. 1606 SHaks. 
Ant. & Cl. ui. xiii. 25, I dare him therefore To lay his gay 
Comparisons a-part. 1632 Ranpotrn Yeal. Lovers v. viil, 
I dare him to th’ encounter. 1672 Baxter Bagshaw's Scand. 
11 As children dare one another into the dirt. Burns 
Halloween xiv, 1 daur you try sic sportin. 1847 Marryat 
Childr. N. Forest xvii, You wish to dare me to it—well, I 
won't be dared to anything. 1873 Buack Pr. Thule xxvii. 
451 He knew she was daring him to contradict her. 

III. Dare say. [Fromsense1.] a. properly. 
To be as bold as to say (because one is prepared 
to affirm it); to venture to assert or affirm. 

1300 Cursor M. 4509 (Cott.) Boti dar sai, and it wat, 
yy leli luues for-gettes lat’. c1350 Will. Palerne 1452, 
I dar seie & sopliche do proue, sche schal weld at wille more 
gold ban 3¢ siluer. c1460 Play Sacram., 316 Neyther mor 
or lesse Of dokettis good I dar well saye. 1540-54 Croke 
13 Ps. (Percy Soc.) 7 My sute is heard .. I dare well saye. 
x Lamparve Peramd. Kent (1862) gt No Towne nor 

tie is there (I dare say) in this whole Shire commenter 
with this one Fleete. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 759 
Who devised your Office of neg cont I dare say, not 
Christ. i699 Bruny Phal. 120 This I dare sayis the best 
and neatest Explication .. and .. I believe it the truest. 

b. ¢ransf. ‘To venture to say (because one thinks 
it likely) ; to assume as probable, presume. Al- 
most exclusively in the parenthetic ‘I dare say’; 
rarely in oblique narration, ‘he dared say’. (in 
this use now sometimes written as one word, with 


stress on the first syllable.) 
Some dialects make the past daresaid, darsayed, dessayed. 


Frecoinc Jom Yones vu. ive your friend 
a very good character..and a oon eee 
1768 Sterne Sent. Fourn. 1. 54 (The Letter), Fleur .. 


told me he had a letter in his et .. which, he durst say, 
wi suit the occasion. 1807 Anna Porter Hungar. Bro. v, 
‘Other women have admired you as much. .I dare say’..'O! 
if it's only a“ dare say’ cried Demetrius, shrugging up his 


| or be not unknowun. 


| esp. in droop and dare. Obs. 


radle L. iti. 110 To teach them forti- | 


¢ 1220 Bestiary 406 Ne stered 3¢ [Se fox) no3t of Se stede 
..0c dared so 3¢ ded were. a1225 Fuliana 42 Penne darie 
we & ne durren never cumen biuoren him. ¢ 1386 CHaucer 
Shipman's T. 103 Thise wedded men pat lye and dare As 
in a fourme sit a wery hare. c1420 Axturs of Arth. iv, 
The dere in the dellun Thay droupun and daren, a@ 1450 
Le Morte Arth. 2575 Knyghtis of kynges blode, That longe 
wylle not droupe and dare. ?%a1g§00 Chester Pt. (Shaks. 
Soc.) II. 148 (Date of MS. 1592), Builded thinges to grounde 
shall falle.. And men in graves dare. 

+4. To be hid, lie hid, lurk. Ods. 

a 1225 Leg. Kath, 1135 3ef drihtin, pe darede in ure men- 
nesse, wrahte wundres, -_ Wyciir Mark vii. 24 And 
Jhesus .. mighte not dare or Fedoes {1388 be hid]. 14... 
Epiph. in Tundale's Vis, 107 The worm... Dareth full oft 
and kepeth hym covertly. c1430 Lypc. Bochas tw. xvii. 
(1554) 117 b, Under floures lyke a nt dare Til he may 
styng ©1440 Hytton Scala Perf. cw. de W. 1494) 1. Lxiii, 
There is moche pryde hydde in the grounde of — herte, 
as the foxe dareth in his denne. c¢1440 Promp. Parv. 113 
Daryn, or drowpyn or prively to be hydde, datzto, lateo. 

+b. with indirect obj. (dative) : To be hid from, 
escape, be unknown to. 

1382 Wyctir 2 Pet. iii. 5 It daarith hem [1388 it is hid fro 
hem] willinge this thing. 4d. iii. 8 Oo thing —_ not 

— Acts xxvi. 26, I deme no thing of 


| these for to dare him. 


II. trans. said elatias is 
+5. To daze, paralyse, or er wit 
the sight of something ; to dazzle and fascinate. 
To dare larks, to fascinate and daze them, in order 
to catch them. (Cf. sense 1, quots. 1526-30, and 


Hoorer Answ. Bp. Winchester’s Bk. Wks, , Fae 
Cran- 


mde hoby, that the larks’ eyes bein; 
S| 


ing about all their 


looking- , used in sunshiny days, for the pur- 

or dazing larks from their high soaring flight 
to within a conveni for sh g or netting 
them. 


+6. To daunt, terrify, paralyse with fear. Now 
dial. 
r6rz Beaum. & Ft. Maid's Hts 1v. i, For I have done 
those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman. 
Drayton Agincourt 97 Clifford whom 


out of his senses. 
frighten, 


ng 
CAPERN 
. He dared me, he 
surprized me, / was dare'd, 1 was surprized. 


. 1563 
11. (1859) 252 They become as wise as 
the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down 
as dared larks in that gaze. 
cowered like a dared ¥ 


DARE. 


Dare, v." obs. var. DERE, to injure, hurt. 

Dare (dé1), sb.1 Also 6 darre. [f. Darn v.1] 

1. An act of daring or defying ; a defiance, chal- 
lenge. Now col/og. 

1594 First Pt. Contention v, Card. Euen when thou 
darest. //%. Dare. I tell thee Priest, Plantagenets could 
neuer brooke the dare. 1600 Hreywoop 2 Law. JI” Wks. 
1874 I. 96 His defiance and his dare towarre. 1606 Suaks. 
Ant. & Cl. 1. ii. 191 Sextus Pompeius Hath giuen the dare 
to Cesar. 1688 Bunyan Dying Sayings Wks. 1767 1. 48 
Sin is the dare of God’s justice. 1892 R H. Davis Van 
Bibber 87, ‘1 didn’t suppose you'd take a dare like that, Van 
Bibber’, said one of the men. 
+2. Daring, boldness. Ods. 

1s95 Markuam Sir R. Grinvile \xxvii, And yet, then these 
my darre shall be no lesse, 1596SHaks. 1 Hen. JV, 1W.i. 78 
It lends..A larger Dare to your great Enterprize. 

Dare (dée1), 56.2. [f. Darev.2] <A contrivance 
for ‘daring’ or fascinating larks. 

1860 Sata Hogarth in Cornh. Mag. II. 239 ote, The 
‘dare’ I have seen resembles a cocked hat, or chapeau 
bras, in form, and is studded with bits of looking-glass, 
not convex, but cut in facets inwards, like the theatrical 
ornament cast in zinc, and called a ‘logie’. | The setting is 
painted bright red, and the facets turn on pivots, and being 
set in motion by a string attached to the foot, the larks are 
sufficiently ‘dared’ and come quite over the fascinating toy. 
1888 A thenzum 28 Jan. 122/1 The dare for larks, or mirror 
surrounded by smaller ones, over the mantel-piece, which 
exercised many commentators [Hogarth’s Distressed Poet]. 

+ Dare, 5.3 Ods. Also 5 dar. [A singular 
formed on dars, OF. dars, darz, pl. of dart, dard 
dart, dace. The OF. pl. dars and nom. sing. dars 
became in Eng. darse, darce, DAcE.] = Dace. 

(1314 in Wardrobe Acc. 8 Edw. II, 21/12 Dars roches et 
pik 2s. 8d.] ©1475 Pict. Vocab. in Wr.-Wiilcker 763/36 
Hic capita, a dar, 1622 Drayton Poly-olb.xxvi, The pretty 
slender dare, of many call’d the dace. 1708 Morreux 
Rabelais 1. iii, As large as a Dare-Fish of Loire. 1740 
R. Brookes Azt of Angling 1. xxiii. 60 The Dace or Dare.. 
is not unlike a Chub. 

+ Dare, darre, sJ.4 Ods. [Cf. F. dare, ‘a 
huge big bellie; also, Dole’ (Cotgr.).] ? A por- 
tion (or some definite portion). 

1528 Papers of Earls of Cumbrid. in Whitaker Hist. 
Craven (1812) 308 Item, for herbes five dares. .for yeast, 
five dares. x160r F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. 11, § 2(1876) 
6 His livere..shalbe a darre of bredde. /d7¢. §. 9 He may 
take two darres of bred. 

Dare (=dar), darh, var. of THar v., need. 

Da‘re-all. [f. Dare v.1+ ALL: cf. dare-devil.] 
One who or that which dares all; a covering that 
braves all weather, a ‘ dread-nought’. 

1840 T. Hook /itsherbert 1. xi. 120 Enveloped in mackin- 
toshes, great-coats, dare-alls, boas and oilskins. 

Dared, Z7/. a.: see DARE v.2 

Dare-devil (dé-1,de:vil), sd. and a. 
v.1+ Devin : cf. cutthroat, scarecrow.) 

A. sb. One ready to dare the devil; one who is 
recklessly daring. 

1794 Wotcortt (P. Pindar) Odes to Mr. Paine ii, I deemed 
myself a dare-devil in rhime. 1841 Lytton Ni. § Morn. 
(2851) 152 Adangerous, desperate, reckless dare-devil. 1874 

REEN Short Hist. x. § 1 Robert Clive ..an idle dare-devil 
of a boy whom his friends had been glad to get rid of. 

B. adj. Of or pertaining to a dare-devil; reck- 
lessly daring. 

1832 W. Irvine Alhambra I. 193 A certain dare-devil cast 
of countenance, 1860 Mottey Netherd. I. 159 Plenty of dare- 
devil skippers ready to bring cargoes. 

Hence Darre-de:vilish a., Da‘re-de:vilism, 
Da‘re-de:vilry, -deviltry (U.S.). 

1886 Blackw. Mag. CXL. 737 His faults were dare-devilism 
and recklessness. 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 24/2 The dare- 
devilry which prompts a respectable girl to make her way 
into the haunts of vice. 1886 Mrs. C. Prarp Miss Yacobsen's 
Chance I. vi. 111 The spice of dare-devilry in him was in 

iquant contrast to, etc. 1881 V. VY. Nation XXXII. 369 

0 city has for courage and dare-deviltry surpassed Milan. 

Dare-fish: see Darx 50.3 

+Darreful, 2. Ods. rare. [f. Dare 50,1 or v,1 
+-FuL.] Full of daring or defiance. 

1605 Suaks. JZacéb. v. v. 6 We might haue met them dare- 
full, dto beard. 1614 Sytvester Parl. Vertues Royall 
994 Not by the Prowesse. .Of his owne darefull hand. 

Darer (dé-raz). [f. Dare v.l1+-zR.] One who 
dares or ventures ; one who challenges or defies. 

1614 Rateicn Hist. World II. v. iii. $ 16. 454 The best, 
and most fortunate of these Great Darers. 1624 FLETCHER 
Rule a Wife m.v, Another darer come? 1748 R1cHarDSON 
Clarissa (1811) V. 348 Women to women, thou knowest, are 
great darersand incentives. 1884 A. Forsesin Ang. [//ust. 
Mag. Dec. 150 Of such men as Cavagnari is our empire of 
India—a thinker, a doer, a darer. 

Da:resome, a, dial, [See -somE.] Venture- 
some, foolhardy. 

1864 L. N. Comyn Atherstone Priory 1. 101, I don’t like 
to see her so careless and daresome-like. 

Darf, var. of Derr a. Ods., keen, and THARF vz. 
Obs., to need. 

Darg (daig). Sc. and zorth.dial. Also 5dawerk, 
dawark, 8 daurk, 9 daark, dark, darrak,darroch, 
dargue, daurg. [A syncopated form of daywerk, 
or daywark, DAYWORK, through the series of forms 
dawark, *daark, dark, darg, the latter being now 
the common form in Scotland.] A day’s work, the 
task of a day; also, a defined quantity or amount 

Vor, III. 


[f. Dare 


33 


of work, or of the product of work, done in a cer- 
tain time or at a certain rate of payment ; a task. 

c1425 Wyntoun Chron. 1x, xiv. 44 (Jam.) That duleful 
dawerk that tyme wes done. 1489 Act. Audit. 147 (Jam.) 
Ffor the spoliatioune of vi dawarkis of hay. 1535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot. 11, 596 For that same darg and deid. _ 160g in 
Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. 11. 451 Fourscoir dargis of hay. 
1787 Burns Auld Farmer's Salut. xvi, Moniea sair daurk 
we twa hae wrought. 1 Statist. Acc. Scot. XII. 300 
A darg of marl, i. e. as much as could be cast up by the spade 
in one day. 1818 Scorr //7t. Mid7. xxvi, I have a lang day’s 
darg afore me. 1832-4 De Quincey Cvsars Wks. 1862 1X. 
51 You did what in Westmoreland they call a good darroch. 
1851 GREENWELL Coal-tr. Terms Northumb. §& Durh. 2% 
Darg, a fixed quantity of coal to be worked for a certain 
price. .the general term in use about Berwick. 1878 Cwn- 
brid. Gloss., Darrak (Centre), dark (S.W.), darg (North C.), 
day’s work. 1875 Ruskin Fors Clavigera VI. 8 Lett. 61 
And goes out himself to his day’s darg. 

Hence Da‘rg-days, days of work done in lieu of 
rent or due to the feudal lord. Da‘rger, darker, 
Da‘rgsman, day-labourer. Da‘rging, working 
as a day-labourer. 

180: Papen Water-Kelpie iv. in Scott Minstr. Sc. 
Bord., The darger left his thrift. 1807 J. Stace Poems 64 
The laird and dar'ker cheek by chowle, Wad sit and crack 
of auld lang seyne. 1788 R. Gattoway Poems 119 (Jam.) 
Glad to fa’ to wark that’s killing, To common darguing. 
1885 in D. H. Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets Ser. vit. 44 A bar- 
gain. .for drainin’ or for dargin’. 1845 Whistle-binkie Ser. m1. 
(1890) I, 418 Warnin dargsmen to put on their claes. 

ari, = Durra, Indian millet or Guinea corn. 

1892 Daily News 28 June 2/8 Buckwheat, dari, and millet 
firm. /bid. 27 Oct, 7/4 Linseed, buckwheat, dari, and millet. 

Darial, dariel(le, var. of DARIOLE Ods., pasty. 

Daric (de'rik). Also 6-7 daricke, dari(¢)que, 
7-9 darick. [ad. Gr. Adpee-ds (properly an ad}. 
agreeing with orarnp stater).] A gold coin of 
ancient Persia, said to have been named from the 
first Darius. Also a Persian silver coin of the 
same design, specifically called szg/os. 

1566 Painter Pad. Pleas.1. 40 The King. .sent tothe man 
..a cuppe of golde and a thousand darices. 1586 'T. B. La 
Primaud. Fr. Acad.336 Two cups. . full, the one of Dariques 
of gold, the other of silver Dariques. 1665 Sir T., Herbert 
Trav. (1677) 243 Timagoras .. had received a bribe of ten 
thousand Dariques or Sagittaries. 1767 Swinton in P/dd. 
Trans. LVI. 273 note, The bow and arrow..visible.. on 
avery curious Daric. 1879 H. Puitiirs Notes Coins 5 The 
Persian Daric, of which an example in silver is shown. 

Darie, obs. form of Dairy. 

Darrii. Zogic. A mnemonic word designating 
the third mood of the first figure of syllogisms, in 
which the major premiss is a universal affirmative 
(a), and the minor premiss and the conclusion par- 
ticular affirmatives (7); thus, All A are B; Some 
C are A: therefore, Some C are B. 

x T. Witson Logike (1580) 27 Vnto the firste figure 
belong fower Modes .. Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferio.. 
whereby every Proposition is knowne, either to be universall 
or particular, affirmative or negative. 1717 Prior Adwa 
mt, 383, I could .. With learned skill, now push, now parry, 
From Darii to Bocardo vary. 1869 FowLer Ded. Logic 
(ed. 3) 99 Thus Disamis, when reduced, will become Darii. 

Daring (dé-rin), vd/. sd.1  [f. Dare v.! + 
-InG!.] The action of the verb Dare!; adven- 
turous courage, boldness, hardihood. 

1611 SpeeD Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. (1632) 596 Incredible 
darings..were not wanting. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xv. 80 
As if not the Cause, but the Degree of daring, made Forti- 
tude. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 6. 406 The whole people 
had soon caught the self-confidence and daring of their 
Queen. 

+ Daring, vé/. 50.2. Obs. [f. Dare v2] The 
action of the verb Dare 2; esp. the catching of 
larks by dazing or fascinating them (see DAREv.* 5). 

c1440 Promp, Parv. 113 Darynge, or drowpynge, léc7tacio, 
latitatio, x60z Carew Cornwall (1811) 96 Little round 
nets fastened to a staff, not much unlike that which is used 
for daring of larks. 1704 Dict. Rust., Clap-net and Look- 
ing-glass ; this is otherwise called Doring or Daring. 1766 
Pennant Zool. I. 150 What was called daring of larks. 

b. attrib. and Comb., as daring-glass, -net. 

1sgo GrEENE Neuer too late (1600) 8 They set out their 
faces as Foulers doe their daring glasses, that the Larkes 
that soare highest,.may stoope soonest. 1616 Suri. & 
Marku. Country Farme 712 You. .shall with your horse and 
Hawke ride about her. .till you come so neere her that you 
may lay your daring-net over her. 1659 GAUDEN Tears of 
Church 197 New notions..are many times..the daring. 
glasses or decoyes to bring men into the snares of their .. 
damnable doctrines. 

Davring, 7//.a.1 [f. Dare v.1 +-1nG 2] 

1. Of persons or their attributes: Bold, adven- 
turous ; hardy, audacious. 

182 STANyHURST 4/neis, etc. (Arb.) 143 A loftye Thrasoni- 
cal huf snuffe. .in re daring. 1596 SHaks. 1 Hen./V, 
vy. i. 91, I do not thinke a brauer Gentleman. . More daring, 
or more bold, is now aliue. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 129 Half 
way he met His daring foe. 1758S. Haywarp Sevm. xvii. 
539 The daring insolence.. of prophane Sinners. 1855 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V. 325 Montague, the most daring 
and inventive of financiers, 

2. transf. and fig. 

1617 MippLeton & Row.ey Fair Quarrel 1. i. 314 To 
walk unmuffi’d .. Even in the daring’st streets through all 
the city. a@ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) III, 202 Witness 
Wimbleton in this county, a daring structure. 1697 ADDISON 
Ess. on Georgics, The last Georgic has indeed as many meta- 
phors, but not so daring as this. 1876 Freeman Norm. 
Cong. V. 39 This daring legal fiction, 


DARK. 


+3. In quasi-advb. com). with another adj., as 
daring-hardy. Obs. 

1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. iii. 43 On paine of death, no person 
be so bold Or daring hardie as to touch the Listes. 

Daring, #//. 2.2 Obs. Also 4 dareand. [f. 
Dare v.2] Staring, trembling, or crouching with 
fear, etc.: see the vb. 

1333 Minor Poems, Halidon Hill 39 Now er pai dareand 
all for drede, Pat war bifore so stout and gay. 1611 CoTcr., 
Blotir, to..lye close to the ground, like a daring Larke, or 
affrighted fowle. yy 

Daringly (déerinli), adv. [f, Darine Zf/. a.! 
+-LY2,] Ina daring manner. 

1605 CHapmMan, etc. Lastw. Hoe 1. i. (R.), Prouder hopes 
which daringly o’erstrike Their place and means. 1771 
Junius Lett. xiii. 220 The civil rights of the people are 
daringly invaded. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11.533 Men 
asked .. what impostor had so daringly and so successfully 
personated his highness. 

Daringness (dé*rinnés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
Daring quality or character. 

1622 Masse tr. Alenzan’s Guzman d’Alf. 1. 70 Full of 
Daringnesse and of Lying. 1647 CLarenvon Hist, Reb. 
vit. (1703) IL. 276 [Falkland], The daringness of his Spirit. 
1795 CoLertnGE Plot Discov. 49 The frequency and daring- 
ness of their perjuries. 1880 M. BerHam-Epwarps /ore- 
stalled 1. 1. ix. 140 ‘The daringness of... youth. 

|| Dariole. Oés. Also 5 daryol(e, -iolle, -ial, 
-yal, -eal, -iel(le, -yel. [a. F. dariole (14th c.) 
a small pasty ‘ filled with flesh, hearbes, and spices, 
mingled and minced together’ (Cotgr.), now a 
cream-tart.] = CUSTARD I a. 

?ax1400 Morte Arth. 199 With darielles endordide, and 
daynteez ynewe. ¢ 1420 Liber Cocorumt (1862) 38 For darials. 
Take creme of almonde mylke [etc.]. ¢ 1430 720 Cookery- 
bks. 47 Daryoles—Take wyne & fressche brope, Clowes, 
Maces, & Marow..& put ber-to creme. .& 3olkys of Eyroun. 
Lbid. 53 Darioles. ¢1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ, Ord. 
(1790) 443 Daryalys. 1664 ETHEREDGE Com. Revenge Ul. iv, 
I..did buy a dariole, littel custarde. [1823 Scorr Quentin 
D. iv, Ordering confections, darioles, and any other light 
dainties he could think of.] 

Dark (daik), @. Forms: 1-2 deore, 3 dearc, 
derc, dore, dorck, dare, darck, deork, durc, 
3-6 derk, 4 deorke, durke, 4-6 derke, dirk(e, 
dyrk, 5 derck, dyrke, dork, 4-7 darke, 6 darck, 
dearcke, 6- dark. [OE. deorc (repr. earlier *derk, 
with fracture of e before ~ + cons.) ; there is no 
corresponding adj. in the other Teutonic langs., but 
the OHG. wk. vb. tarchanjan, tarhnen, terchinen 
to conceal, hide, of which the WGer. form would 
be darknjan, appears to contain the same stem 
derk, dark. In ME. there is a notable variant 
therk(e, dherke, thyrke, with the rare substitution 
of initial J, 2h, for d, for which see THERK.] 

I. Literal. 

1. Characterized by (absolute or relative) absence 
of light; devoid of or deficient in light ; unillumi- 
nated; said es. of night. 

Beowulf 3584 Niht-helm geswearc deorc ofer dryht- 
gumum, c 1000 Ags. Ps. Ixxilifi]. 16 pu deg settest and 
deorce niht. a@xzzz25 $¥uliana 30 Dreihen hire into dare 
[v.r. dorc] hus. ¢x1275 Lay. 7563 Hit were dorcke nipt. 
©1340 Cursor M. 16783 (Trin.) Pe day wex derker ben be 
ny3t. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xvi. xvii, Hit was soone 
derke soo that hemyght knowe noman. 1548 Hai Chron. 
113 A very darke night. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 275 The 
gate was closed, because it was at that time darke. 1697 
Dryven Virg. Georg. 1v. 354 Lizards shunning Light, a dark 
Retreat Have found. 1752 Jounson Rambler No, 198 P 10 
‘The room was kept dark. 1861 Fito. NIGHTINGALE Nursing 
24 People lose their health in a dark house. 1875 J. C. 
Wicocks Sea Fisherman 190 They will bite when it is so 
pitchy dark that you cannot see to bait your hook. 

+b. A dark house or room was formerly con- 
sidered a proper place of confinement for a mad- 
man; hence to eep (a person) dark, to keep him 
confined in a dark room. Obés. 

1590 Saks. Com. Err. wv. iv. 97 Both Man and Master is 
possest .. They must be bound and laide in some darke 
roome, 1600 — A, Y. L. 11. ii. 421 Loue is meerely a mad- 
nesse, and..deserues as wel a darke house, and a whip, as 
madmen do. 1601 — All's Well w. i. 106 Till then Ile 
keepe him darke and safely lockt. 1630 Massincer Revne- 
gado ww. i, He..charged me To keep him [a madman] dark, 
and to admit no visitants. 1687 JEFFERIES in Jagd. Coll. 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 6x This man ought to be kept in a dark 
room. Why do you suffer him without a guardian? 

e. Of luminous bodies: Dim; invisible. Dark 
moon = dark of the moon; + dark star (see 1594). 

@ 1123 O. E. Chron. an. 1106 Se steorra etywde innon beet 
sudwest he was litel zepuht and deorc. 1551 REcORDE 
Cast. Knowl. (1556) 272 They .. that be called Cloudy 
starres : and a lesser sorte yet named Darke starres. 1594 
Biunpevit E-rerc. ut. 1. xxiii. (ed. 2 328 Besides these, there 
be fourteene others [stars], whereof five be called cloudy, and 
the other darke, because they are not to be seene but of 
a very quick and sharpe sight. 1653 in Picton L’fool 
Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 192 Two lanthorns .. everie night in 
y° dark moone be sett out at the High Crosse. 1860 Bart- 
Lett Dict. Amer., Dark moon, the interval between the old 
and the new moon. ; 

2. Of clouds, the sky, etc.: Reflecting or trans- 
mitting little light; gloomy from lack of light, 


sombre. 

c 1000 Ags. Ps. Ixviii. [Ixix.] 14 Ado me of deope deorces 
weteres. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 441/365 Pat lodlokeste 
weder pat mi3hte beo. . Swart and deork and grislich. c 1325 
E. E, Allit, P. B. 1020 Pe derk dede see hit is demed euer 

5* 


DARKE, 


more. 1460 CAPGRAVE Chron. 152 A wedyr so dirk and so 
eed ia mae memeeed to Chance geoekt ‘alle. 

Witsrorp Natures Secrets 100 Cloudy and dark ‘ 
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 1% ? 8 Those dark Clouds which 
cover the Ocean. = F, Gorpon-Cummine in Gd. 
Words 133/2 A deep Ss eae ened 

3. Of the ordinary colour of an object: Approach- 
ing black in hue. 

1382 Wyc.ir Lev. xiii. 6 If more derker were the 

not waxed in the skynne.. it isascab. c1400 Lan- 
Sranc’s Cirurg. 181 If be colour of his bodi be derk ouper 
blac. 1606 Suaxs. 77. § Cr. 1. i. 41 And her haire were not 
somewhat darker than Helens. 1 Soutney Yoan of 
Arc v.27 Her dark hair floating on the morning gale. 1800 
tr. Lagrange's Chem. 11. 88 Two liquors, one of which has 
a dark and almost black colour. 1873 Act 36-7 Vict. c.85 
§ 3 Her name..shall be marked on her stern, on a dark 
ground in white or yellow letters. , - 
b. Of the complexion : The opposite of fair. 
c1400 Rom. Rose 1009 This ladie called was Beaute..Ne 
she was derk ne broun, but bright. 1784 Cook Third Voy. 
v. iii. (R.), Their complexion is rather darker than that of 
the Otaheiteans. 1870 Dickens Z. Drood ii, Mr. Jasper is 
a dark man of some six-and-twenty. 
ce. Prefixed, as a qualification, to adjectives of 
colour: Deep in shade, absorbing more light 
than it reflects; the opposite of /ight. (Usually 
hyphened with the adj. when the latter is used 
attributively.) 

¢1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 909 The rede darke. 
1727-46 THomson Summer 11 On the dark green 
1776 WitnerinG Brit. Plants (1796) 1V. 148 Stem hollow, . 
dark mouse or almost black below. _ 1810 Scott Lady of L. 
u. xxv, The bound of dark-brown doe. 1846 MeCuttocu 
Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 223 The sheep. .many are grey, 
some black, and a few of a peculiar dark buff colour. 1863 
M. L. Wuatety Ragged Life Egypt xvii. 163 Clad in the 
ordinary dark-blue drapery. 

IT. fg. 

4. Characterized by absence of moral or spiritual 
light ; evil, wicked ; also, in a stronger sense, char- 
acterized by a turpitude or wickedness of sombre 
or unrelieved nature ; foul, iniquitous, atrocious. 

axo000 Satan 105 (Gr.) Feond seondon rede, dimme, and 
deorce. c¢1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xi. 34 3if pin eaze .. byd 
deorc eall pin lichama byd pystre. 1377 Lanai. P. P/. B. 
x1x, 21 Alle derke deuelles aren adradde to heren it [pe name 
of ihesus}]. _ 1393 Gower Conf. I. 63 Semende of light 
they werke The dedes, whiche are inward derke. 1593 
Suaks., Rich. //, 1. i. 169 My faire name ..To darke dis- 
honours vse, thou shalt not haue. /d7d. v. ii. 96 Thou fond 
mad woman Wilt thou conceale this darke Conspiracy? 
1663 J. Srencer Prodigies (1665) 335 We shall find these 
consecrated weapons of infinite more force against the 
powers of the Dark Kingdom. 1732 Pore Ef. Bathurst 28 
It [gold] serves what life requires, But, dreadful too, the 
dark Assassin hires. 1 Mary Wottstonecr. Rights 
Wom. v. 239 Sometimes displaying the light and sometimes 
the dark side of their character. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
I. 166 Associated in the public mind with the darkest and 
meanest vices. 1852 Miss YoncEe Cameos II. xx. 216 A dark 
tragedy was preparing in the family of King Robert. 

5. Devoid of that which brightens or cheers; 
gloomy, cheerless, dismal, sad. 

a1000 Wanderer 89 (Gr.) Se dis deorce lif deope zeond- 
pencep. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. ut. v. 36 More darke & 
darke our woes. 1636 Heytin Satébath u. 141 Then the 
times were at the darkest. 1715 De For Fam. /nstruct. 
1. i, (1841) II. 5 We don’t see the house is the darker for it. 
1818 SHELLEY Rosalind §& Helen 171 So much of sympathy 
to borrow As soothed her own dark lot. 1849 Rosertson 
Serm. Ser. 1. iv. (1866) 76 To look on the dark side of things. 
1888 Bryce Amer. Comm, IIL. xl. go The prospect for such 
an aspirant is a dark one. ne 

b. Of a person’s disposition, etc.: Gloomy, 
sullen, sad. 

1596 Suaks. Merch. V.v.i. 87 The motions of his spirit 
are dull as night And his affections darke as Erebus. 1705 
Appison /taly (J.), Men of dark tempers. 1735 SOMERVILLE 
Chase 1. 200 If in dark sullen M The glouting Hound 
refuse his wonted Meal. 1862 CartyLe Fredk. Gt, (1865) 
III. 1x. x. 178 Ah, ah, you are in low spirits, I see. We must 
dissipate that dark humour. 

ec. Of the countenance: Clouded with anger or 
dislike, frowning. 

1599 Suaxs. Ven. § Ad. 182 Adonis..with a heavy, dark, 
disliking eye. .cries ‘ Fie, no more of love |" prow (hie 
—— 62 Art thou not..A smile amid dark frowns? 
1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iii, 14 The brow of the 
young man grew dark. . 

6. Obscure in meaning, hard to understand. 


ntences. 
in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. App. x. 30 This matter is .. darke, 
and of great difficultie to be.. playnlye discussed. 1626 
Bacon Sylva § 103 The Cause is dark, and hath not been 
rendred mg 1687 R. L’Estrance Answ. Dissenter 
He's a little Dark in this P. ; but the Change 
One Word will make him..Clear. 1866 Arcyi. Reign Law 
vi. ier) These may seem far-fetched illustrations, and 
of slight value in so dark a subject. 

. Obscure in name or fame; little known or 
regarded. Ods. 

1374 Cnaucer Boeth. m. ix. 83 What demest pou. .is bat 
a dirke ping and nat noble pat is suffisaunt reuerent and 
my3ty. 1551 Turner Herda/1, Prol. Aiija, 1 .. darker in 
name, and farr vnder these men in knowledge. 1877-1 
Ho insuep Chron, III. 1221/1 She hath made hir counce! 
of poore, darke, beggerlie fellows. 


34 
c. Obscure to ‘the mind’s eye’, or to memory ; 


Cowrrr On Biogr. Brit. 8 Names ignoble, born to be forgot 
~ dark oblivion soon absorbs them all. 18:0 Scorr Lady 
of L. m, i, The verge of dark eternity. 

7. Hidden from view or knowledge; concealed, 


secret. 70 keep dark: to keep secret (collog.). 

1605 Suaks. Lear 1. i. 37 We shal caaen ue dels dae 
pose. . Know, that we haue diuided In three our Kingdome. 
1681 Crowne Hen. V/, u. 14 By your passions I read all 
your natures, Though you at other times can keep ‘em dark. 
186 Dickens Gt. £-xfect. |, He hid himself .. kept himself 
dark, 1888 f: Payn Myst. Mirbridge xxiii, She kept it 
dark about the young lady who was staying with her. 

b. Of a person: Secret; silent as to any matter ; 
reticent, not open, that conceals his thoughts and 
designs. 

1675 Otway Alcibiades u. i, But use such secrecy as 
stolen Loves should have, Be dark as the hush’d silence of 
the grave. 1706 J. Locan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 145 
He is exceedingly dark and hidden, and thoughts work in 
his mind deeply without communicating. Porg £ fit. 
Sat. u. 131 And Lyttelton a dark, designing knave. 1846 
Prescott Ferd. & /sab. 1. ii. 125 The dark, ambiguous 
character of Ferdinand. 1885 Century Mag. XXX. 380/2 
Of course, I'll keep as dark about it as possible. 

8. Of whom or which nothing is generally known; 
about whose powers, etc., the public are ‘in the 
dark’. . 

Dark horse (Racing slang), a horse about whose racing 
powers little is known ; hence /ig.a candidate or competitor 
of whom little is known or heard, but who unexpectedly 
comes to the front. In U.S. Politics, a person not named 
as a candidate before a convention, who une: edly 
receives the nomination, when the convention has failed to 
agree upon any of the leading candidates. 

1831 Disracit Vag. Duke v. (Farmer), A dark horse 
which had never been thought of .. rushed t the gran 
stand in sweeping triumph. 1860 Sat. Rev. IX. 593/1 
A Headship. .often given by the College conclaves to a man 
who has judiciously kept himself dark. 1865 Sketches 
Jrom Camb, 36 (Hoppe) Every now and then a dark horse 
is heard of, who is supposed to have done wonders at some 
obscure small college. 1884 in Harper's Mag. Aug. 472/1 
A simultaneous turning toward a ‘dark horse’. 1885 Brresr. 
Hore in Pall Mall G. 19 Mar. 10/1 Two millions of dark 
men. . whose ae and stupidity could hardl oy mag 
1888 Boston (Mass.) Frnd. 19 Teed 5/4 Thata i tee se is 
likely to come out of such a complicated situation as this is 
most probable. 1891 N. Goutp Double Event 8 When he 
won the Regimental Cup with Rioter, a dark horse he had 
specially reserved to discomfort them. 1893 Standard 
17 Apr. 6/6 Irish Wake, a ‘dark * son of Master Kildare. 

9. Not able to see; partially or totally blind ; 
sightless. Ods. exc. dial. 

1382 Wyciir Gen. xlviii. 1o The eyen forsothe of Yrael 
weren derke for greet eelde, and cleerli he my3te not se. 
14.. Stacyons of Rome 321 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 
124, | may se now bat ere was derke. 1576 FLeminc Panofi. 
Epist. 242 So farre foorth as my dimme and darke eyesight 
is able to pearce. 1658 RowLanp reg Theat. Ins. 1008 
Some there are, that cure dark sights by reason of a Cata- 
ract. 1768 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 203/1 Mr. Bathom has been 
totally dark for seven years. 1806 Med. Frni. XV. 152 His 
other eye was nearly quite dark, 1875 Lance, Gloss., Dark, 
blind. ‘Help him o'er th’ road, poor lad, he’s dark.’ 

10. Void of intellectual light, mentally or spirit- 
ually blind; unenlightened, uninformed, destitute 
of knowledge, ignorant. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 11. ii. 67 Of whiche men pe corage 
alwey..seekep be souereyne goode of alle be it so pat it 4 
be 2 a derke memorie. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 
cclxxxviii. Balade i, To be ined by my rud all 
derke. @1668 Denuam (J.), The age wherein he liv'’d 
was dark. Mitton ?. ZL. 1. 22 What in me is dark 
Illumine, what is low raise and support. 1688 SHADWELL. 
Sgr. Alsatia wv, 1 am not so dark neither; I am sharp, shar, 
asa oaneesy Tid cb ger higbec Ess. bi 1795 IV. 15 If 
you oppose his principles .. he su s that you are quite 
dark. 1837 J. Fr Newman Proph. Office Ch. vn Anglican 
divines will consider him still dark on certain other points of 
Scripture doctrine. [See also Dark Ages in 13.) 

“| 11. Sometimes two or more fig. senses are 
combined, as in the Dark Continent = Africa. 

1878 H. M. Stanzey (¢#¢/e), Through the Dark Continent. 
1890 — (¢itde), Through Darkest Africa. 1891 Boorn (¢it/e), 
In Darkest England, and the way out. 

12. quasi-adv, a. In a dark manner, darkly. 

1600 Suaks. A. Y. ZL. m1. v. 39 Beauty .. I see no more in 

Then without Candle may goe darke to bed. 18ar 
oaNNA Baitue Met, Leg., Ld. Fohn xv, Then dark lower'd 
the baron’s eye. 1865 Sketches from Camb. 36 A man may 
choose to run dark, and may astonish his friends in the 
=< haa of the mathematical tripos. [Cf. dark horse 
in 


18. Comb. a. adverbial, as dark-closed, -em- 
browned, -flowing, -glancing, -rolling, -working ; 
b. parasynthetic, as dark-bosomed, -browed, 
-coloured, -complextoned, -eyed, -haired, -hearted 
(hence -heartedness), -leaved, -minded, -skinned, 
ost . alg a ee 

1 ANIEL tra 1718) 2 ‘emesis’ 
from *darkelosd Pterity . ve! t é Work’ Disorders ae 
escry. tT HO! iN lossy 
black ; and intron! oi . "7068 Lv. House tee 
80 The *dark-flowing hours I breast in fear. 1812 Byron 
Ch. Har. 1. lix, Match me those Houries..With Spain’s 


*dark-glancing a 4 Mrs. Hemans Poems, 
Guerilla Leader's Vow, Through the *dark-rolling mists 
they shine. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1872) Tl. 603 


DARK. 
O, *dark-shining dusk of night. Tennyson Lancelot § 
Elaine 337 The before her lived, * 1590 
Suaxs. Com. Err. 1. ii. 99 *Darke working 
Bw By hd gall Chad of Tatts (atas) 
sea Rs. Norton 
pa 
2 1 t on. .m: - 
30 HL Dann Bef: Must ny A delicate, 
*dark woman. Suaxs. Lear u. i. 


night. 1814 Byron 


BLAS 
Corsctr ms. i a Gietia baeesd bintts tnt ‘dest'a. 


* -haired . 31862 M. Horxins Hawaii 
In the time San Ciak heartaee bn 


I. 1. 61 Forty *dark-hulled Locrian Boe 1861 Miss 
Pratt Flower. Plants V. 105 The *Dark-leaved Sallow. 
1795 Soutuey Yoan of Arc vi. 618 *Dark-minded man! 
1742 Younc Nt. Th. ii. 344 Quite wingless our desire, 
In sense * -prison’d. ax600 Hooker £ccl. Pol. Pref. 
§ 3 The *dark-sighted man is directed by the cleere about 
things visible. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3754/8 Missing .. 
Elizabeth Benson. .dark-brown Hair'd. valicile dark sighted. 
1885 Manet Coins Prettiest Woman ix, The *dark- 
skinned Russian women had made a hero of him. 1 
Mitton Comtus 129 Goddess of nocturnal sport, *Dark- 
veiled Cotytto, 1613-39 I. Jonrs in Leoni Pal/adio's Archit. 
(1742) LI. 50 Light-vein'd Marble. .*dark-vein'd, ditto. 

ce. Specialized comb. or phrases: dark ages, a 
term sometimes applied to the period of the Mid- 
dle Ages to mark the intellectual darkness charac- 
teristic of the time; dark box (Photogr.), a box 
totally excluding light, used for storing plates, etc. ; 
dark chamber, +(@) a camera obscura (o0és.) ; 
(6) Photogr. = dark-room; + dark-closet, dark 
glasses (see quots.); dark-house (see 1b); + dark 
light = Deap-LIGHT 1; dark-room (Photogr.), 
a room from which all actinic rays of light are 
excluded, used by photographers when dealing 
with their sensitized plates: see also 1b; dark 
slide (Photogr.), the holder for the sensitized 
plate; +dark tent, a camera obscura; dark- 
well, an arrangement in a microscope for forming 
a dark background to a transparent object when 
illuminated from above. 

(1687 Burnet 77av. 1. 11 There is an infinite number of 
the Writers of the *darker Ages) 1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's 
Amphith. 398 A Theatre. .called so in the dark Ages, when 
such Names were given at random. 1837 Hattam Hist. 
Lit.1. § 5 Gregory I..the chief authority in the dark ages. 
1857 Buckte Civiliz. I. ix. 558 During these, which are 
rightly called the Dark Ages, the ane were supreme. 
1887 Brit. Frnl. Photogr. 11 Nov. 713/2 Wind them on to 
rollers to be put into journal bearings in a *dark box. 1726 
Leon Designs 3b, Ward-robes or Cup-boards, which by 
a new name in the Art are called Davi-cinests, 1867 
Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk., * Dark glasses, shades fitted to 
instruments of reflection for preventing the bright rays of 
the sun from hurting the eye of the observer. 1683 Robin 
Conscience 278 in S. Lond. Prent. (Percy) 80 But, when 
the shop-folk me did spy, They drew their *dark light 
instantly. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. U1. 452 We.. 
caulked the dark-lights. 1841 Specif. Claudet's Patent No. 
9193- 3 [Red light) allows the operator to see how to perform 
the work without being obliged..to remain in a “dark 
room. 1852 Sfecif. Newton's Patent No. 179 A us 
for takin otographic pictures without the use of a dark 
room, 1 W. K. Burton Mod. Photogr. (1892) 21 To 
purchase a ‘dark-room lamp’ from a photographic a: tus 
dealer. 1887 Brit. Frni. Photogr. 11 Nov. 717/1 
Stebbing exhibited a_metal *dark slide. 1706 Prius 
(ed. Kersey), "Dark Tent, a Box made almost like a Desk, 
with Optick Glasses, to take the P: of any Building, 
Fortification, Landskip, etc. 1867 J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 83 
The use of a set of *dark-wells. 

Dark (daik), s+. Forms: 4-5 derk(e, 5 dirk, 
6 darcke, 6-7 darke, 6- dark. [f. Dark a. : cf. 
the analogy of /ight sb. and adj.] 

1. Absence of light; dark state or condition ; 
darkness, esp. that of night. 

+ Dark of the moon: time near new moon when 
there is no moonlight: cf. dark moon s.v. Dark a. 1c. 

a 1300 A’. Horn 1431 He ladde hure bi pe derke Into his 
nywe werke. ¢ Mirour Saluacioun 1906 To seke crist 
in the derke with Lanternes and with fire brandes. 

T, Witson Rhet. (1580) 160 G in the darcke. 1 

Row tanps Betraying of Christ Wks. 54 The Sunne was hid, 

nights darke approcht 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 276 If you 

come suddenly .. out of the Dark into a Glaring Tight the 

= is dasaled for atime, 1651 at Cnet (1655 a 
43 Sade tet the 


and H oe 4 k of the 
Moon. C. Jounston Cérysad (1822) 11. 116 He dares 
not to Bn; by hi or be a moment alone in the 


born..in the dark of the moon, 1830 T' 
M iv, To dimple in the dark of rushy coves. 
‘b. The dark time ; night ; nightfall. 
cxqgoo Destr. Troy 1079 The derke Fp meen ae 
a sepe-t ander t e. 
aap awe M. W. Montacue Leth ti. 1 Retake we got 


tothe foot of the mountain, which was not till after dark. 


177 E. Lone Trial of Dog ‘ Porter’, One evening after 
dark, 1833 Ht. Martineau Tale of Tyne i. 3 He quitted 
the keel .. just at dark. 1868 Morris Zarthly Par. 1. 93 


While day and dark, and dark and day went by. 

e. A dark place; a place of darkness. 
e1400 Destr. ogtt Sot wilt bn the wal Sa Ee: 
toa derke, and the lost. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Elstride 


ix, Like as you see in darkes, if light aj it way 
to that ech man directs his eye. | 1 For Fure Div. 
1. 8 Above the fix'd his abode, 


eed eae 


‘ 


the God, 1883 S. Lanier 
small darks which are 


dungeons, 


DARK. 


2. fig. (A leap in the dark: see Leap.) 

¢1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 609 To derke is turned 
all my lighte. a1g4x Wvatr Penit. Psalms li. The Author 
iv, Light of Grace that dark of sin did hide. 

3. Dark colour or shade ; sfec. in Art, a part of 
a picture in shadow, as opposed to a light. 

1675 A. Browne Ars Pict. 90 Ever place light against 
dark, and dark against light. 1715 J. Ricuarpson 7%. 
Painting 112 A Picture sometimes consists of a Mass of 
Light .. sometimes .. of a Mass of Dark at the bottom, 
another Lighter above that. 1821 Craic Lect. Drawing 
iii. 153 A light is made brighter by being opposed to a dark. 
1855 Ml. Arnoip Poems, Mycerinus 119 The palm-tree plumes 
that roof’d With their mild dark his grassy banquet hall. 
1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x, viii. 287 His lights are not 
the spots, but his darks. 

b. fig. A dark spot, a blot. 

1637 Suirtey Lady of Pleas. 1. i, Had not the poet been 
bribed to a modest Expression of your antic gambols in ’t, 
Some darks had been discovered. 

4. The condition of being hidden from view, ob- 
scure, or unknown; obscurity. J the dark: in 
concealment or secrecy. 

1628 Fertuam Resolves 1. xlii. 127 Vice .. ever thinks in 
this darke, to hide her abhorred foulnesse. 1643 Sir T. 
Browne Relig. Med. u. § 4, 1 am in the dark to all the 
world, and my nearest friends behold me but in a cloud. 
@ 1732 Atterbury (J.), All he says of himself is, that he is 
an obscure person ; one, I suppose..thatisin the dark. 1888 
Bryce Amer. Comm. ILI. xcvi. 342 note, Such legislation 
. -is usually procured in the dark and by questionable means. 

+b. Obscurity of meaning. Ods. 

1699 Benttey Phal. 175 The Threat had something of 
dark in it. : 

5. Jn the dark: ina state of ignorance; without 


knowledge as regards some particular fact. 

1677 W. Hussarp Narrative u. 47 As to what hapned 
afterward, we are yet much in the dark. 1690 LockE 
Hum. Und. u. xxii. § 28 If here again we enquire how 
this is done, we are equally in the dark. 1782 Cowrer 
Mutual Forbearance 9 Sir Humphrey, shooting in the 
dark, Makes answer quite beside the mark. 1791 Burke 
Corr. (1844) III. 185, I am entirely in the dark about the 
designs .. of the powers of Europe. 1802 M. EpGewortu 
Morad T. (1816) 1. xix. 165; I hope you will no longer keep 
me in the dark. 1876 GLApsTONE in Contemp. Rev., June 2 
We seem to be..in the dark on these. .questions. 

Dark (daik), v. arch. ordial._ Forms: 4 durk, 
4-6 derke, 4-7 darke, 5-6 dirke, 6 dirk, 6- 
dark. [f. Dark a.] 

+1. zztr. To become dark; = Darken 1. Of 
the sun or moon: To suffer eclipse. Ods. 

[cxoso Suppl. Ailfric’s Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 175 Crepus- 
culum, tweoneleoht, wed deorcung.] c1340 Cursor MM. 
16749 (Trin.) Fro penne hit derked til be mone : ouer al the 
world wide. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1, vi, The euening 
begon for to dirke. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gi. 211 In the 
same yere the mone derked thre tymes. a1 SKELTON 
Col. Cloute 196 When the nyght darkes. 1 H. Crap- 
HAM Briefe Bible u. 172 Sun darks, Starres fall, the Moone 
doth change her hue. 1606 Suaxs. 77, § Cy. v. viii. 7 With 
the vaile and darking of the Sunne. 

Jig. 1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 236 Vnder sleupe 
dake pe loue of holinesse. 

+2. trans. To make dark; =DAaRKEN 6. Oés. 

c1300 Beket 1417 Overcast heo is with the clouden.. 
Whar thurf the churchen of Engelonde idurked beoth 
echon. 1382 Wycuir 1 Kings xviii. 45 Heuenes ben derkid. 
c1477 Caxton ¥ason 29b, The ayer was derked and 
obscured with the quarels and arowes and stones. c 1500 
Not-Browne Mayd 32 My somers day in lusty may is 
derked before the none. 1530 Parser. 506/2 What thyng 
hath darked this house .. me thynke they have closed up 

lyvers wyndowes. 1634 Mitton Comus 730 The winged 
air darked with plumes. 1715 Ramsay Eclipse of Sux ii, 
No cloud may hover in the air, To dark the medium. 

b. To cloud, dim, obscure, hide (something 


luminous). 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. Il. 406 Pe sunne mai be derkkid 
heter bi fumes pat shal cleer erpe. c1489 Caxton 
Blanchardyn xx. 62 That derked the lyght of the sonne. 
1557 Zottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 269 The golden sunne doth 
darke ech starre. 1592 ConsTABLE Sonn. i. viii, The 
shadie woods seeme now my sunne to darke. 18.. Mrs. 
BrowninG Soul's Trav. 112 Though we wear no visor down 
To dark our countenance. 1850 — Poems II. 5 The up- 
lands will not let it stay To dark the western sun. 

+3. To darken in shade or colour. Ods. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. i. 5 The wiche clopes a derkenes 
of a forleten and dispised elde had duskid and dirkid. 
1573 Art of Limning 5 Orpyment may be..darked with 
Oker de Luke. 

+4. To darken (the eyes or vision); to blind. 
“it. and Lig. Obs. 


_ €1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. i. 7, 1 of whom pe sy3t plonged 
in teres was derked. c tr. De Imitatione ut. xxxviii, 
In many be eye of intencion is dirked. 1508 Fisner Wks. 


(1876) 305 Her syght should haue be derked. 1526 Piler. 
Perf Ww de W. 1531) 10b, He wyll blynde thy reason & 
derke thy conscyence, . Wenn veat, Sinf, 


Men ix. 40 The Sun. .darkes e eyes. 
+b. intr. To be or become blind. Ods. 


Lypc. Bochas 1. iv. (544) 
-- Derked their renoune by forgetfulnes. 1 

in S Ann. Ref, I. vi. 100 And shortly [sl 
Jesus be utterly forgotten, and darked as much..as in the 
time of Papistry. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb. 134 Thy 
wast bignes but cumbers the ground, And dirks this bes ty 
of my blossomes rownd. 1 Suaks, Per, iv. Prol. 35 


35 


Marina gets all praises. . This. .darks In Philoten afl grace- 
ful marks, 1647 H. More Song of Soul Ded. 4 Nor can 
ever that thick cloud..dark the remembrance of your 
pristine Lustre. 1818 Scott H7rt. of Mid. xviii, One woman 
is enough to dark the fairest plot that ever was planned. 
+6. zutr. To lie in the dark, to lie hid or unseen. 
1300 Cursor M. 25444 (Cott.) In hope i durk and dare. 
ex350 Will. Palerne 17 Pe child ban darked in his den 
dernly him one. 1398 REVISA Barth. De P. R. xvi. clii. 
(1495) 704 Abowte hegges lurkyth and derkyth venemouse 
wormes. c1400 Destr. Troy 13285 Folis .. pat heron the 
melody [of the Sirens]. .derkon euon down on a depe slomur. 
1447 BokEeNHAM Seyntys (Roxb.) 218 Darkyng in kavys and 


Srey ye . ae sos ae . 

7. intr. To listen privily and insidiously. dad. 

1781 J. Hurron Zour Caves Gloss., To dark for betts, 
to hearken silently which side the opinion is of. 1825 
Brocxer NV. Country Wds., Dark, to listen with an in- 
sidious attention. 1855 Roxsinson Whitby Gloss., Dark, 
to listen, to pry into. ‘They dark and gep for all they 
can catch.’ [Also in Glossaries of Holderness, Mid-Yorks., 
Cumbrld., Lonsdale.) 

Hence Darked ///. a., Darking vd/. sb. 

cxogo [see 1]. c1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy Prol., Dyrked 
age. axsq4x Wyatt Compl, Absence of his Love, My darked 
pangs of cloudy thoughts. 

Darken (dask’n), v. Forms: 4 derkn-en, 
darkn-en, derkin, 4-5 durken, 5 dyrkyn, 6 
dirken, -in, darcken, 6- darken. [f. Dark a.: 
see -EN szffix 5, Cf. OHG. tarchanjan under 
Dark a. Not very common in ME.; in later 
times it has taken the place of Dark v.] 

I. intransitive. 

1. To grow or become dark, said esf. of the 
coming on of night. (Sometimes with dowz2.) 

at Cursor M. 24414 (Cott.) Pe aier gun durken [v.”. to 
derkin] and to blak. 13.. Thrush & Night. 4 in Relig. 
Axntig. I. 241 The dewes darkneth in the dale. 173x Pore 
7 Burlington 80 Behold Villario’s ten years’ toil complete, 

is Quincunx darkens, his Espaliers meet..And strength 
of Shade contends with strength of Light. 182: SuELiry 
Prometh, Unb, 1. 257 The Heaven Darkens above. 1863 
Hawrtuorne Old Home, London Suburb (1879) 239, The 
chill. .twilight of an Autumn day darkening down. 

b. To become obscure. (With efor, from.) 

1722 Wo.taston Relig. Nat. ix. 209 When yonder blue 
regions and all this scene darken upon me and goout. 1848 
Lytton Harold 1. i, The vision darkens from me. 

+2. To lie dark, lie concealed; to lurk privily 
after. Cf. Dark v. 6. Obs. 

c1420 Anturs of Arth. v, Alle dyrkyns [v. 7. durkene, 
darkis] the dere, in the dym scoghes. 1508 Dunbar A/ariit 
Wem. & Wedo 9g, I drew in derne to the dyk to dirkin eftir 
mgr F : 

. To become blind. Zi. and fig. 

1580 Hottysanp 7veas. Fr. Tong s.v. Entrecharger, 
My sight diminisheth, darkneth, or waxeth darke, 181 
Suetiey Q, Mab 149 Man.. Shrank with the plants an 
darkened with the night. 

4. To become dark in shade or colour. 

1774. Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) 11. 234 The complexions 
of different countries .. darken in proportion to the heat of 
their climate. 1858 HawtHorne Fr. § /t. Frnls. 11. 39 
A bright angel darkening into what looks quite as much like 
the Devil. 1883 Hardwich's Photogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor) 
248 Such papers darken in the sun. 

5. To grow clouded, gloomy, sad; esp. of the 
countenance: to become clouded with anger or 
other emotion. 

1742 Younc N#. Th. viii. 97 Where gay delusion darkens 
to despair! x Mrs. Rapcurre /taliax xii, ‘Do you 
menace me?’ replied the brother, his countenance darkening, 
1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch. xvii, His displeasure seemed to 
increase, his brow darkened. 1850 HawtHorNe Scarlet L. 
iii, His face darkened with some powerful emotion. 

Il. transitive. 

6. To make dark, to deprive of light; to shut 
out or obstruct the light of. Also fig. 

31382 Wycuir Jsa. xiii, 10 Al to-derkned is the sunne in 
his rising. c1535 Dewes Jutrod. Fr. (in Palsgr. 951), To 
darken, obscurer. 1 Even Decades 245 The heauen 
is seldome darkened with clowdes. 1613 Suaxs. Hex. 
VITIZ, 1. i, 226 Whose Figure euen this instant Clowd puts 
on, oy Darkning my cleere Sunne. 1667 Mitton P. Z.1. 
sor When Night darkens the Streets. 1768 STeRNE Set. 
FYourn. (1775) I. 15 (Calais), 1 perceived that something 
darken’d the passage more than myself .. it was effectually 
Mons. Dessein. 1847 Tennyson Princess 1v.295 You stood 
in aoa own light and darken’d mine. 1862 — /dy//s Ded. 
17 


ike eclipse, Darkening the world. 1864 — Aylmer’s F. 
416 The po ‘That darken’d all the northward of her 
Hall. 1874 Lowett Agassiz 1. i, The veil that darkened 


from our sidelong glance The inexorable face. 

b. Zodarken (a person's) door or doors: emphatic 
for to appear on the threshold (as a visitor); usually 
with negative (expressed or implied). 

1729 FRANKLIN Busy-Body Wks. 1887 I. 341, I am afraid 
she would resent it so as never to darken my door again. 
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa Wks, 1883 VIII. 237 If ever my 
sister C) darkens these doors again, I never will. 1826 
Blackw. Mag. XX. 11/t You are the first minister that 
ever darkened these doors. 1842 Tennyson Dora 30 You 
shall Fock And snever more darken my doors again. 

7. To deprive of sight, to make blind; jig. to 
deprive of intellectual or spiritual light. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Matt. iii. 30 That he 
might obscure and darken all men. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) 
Rom. i. 21 Their folish hart hath been darkened. 1611 
Biste Ps. lxix. 23 Let their eyes be darkened, that they see 
not. 19758 S. Haywarp Sevm. 41 We shall find the under- 
standing awfully darkned. 1843 Cartyte Past § Pr. 
(1858) 115 His eyes were somewhat darkened. 


DARK-LANTERN. 


8. fig. To make dark or obscure in meaning or 
intelligibility ; to destroy the clearness of. 

1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Of Cerem. 35 b, They dyd 
more confounde, and darken, then declare .. Christes bene- 
fites. 161 Biste Yod xxxviil. 2 Who is this that darkeneth 
counsel by words without knowledge? 1674 ALLEN Danger 
Enthus. 20 You confound things together which are distinct, 
to the darkning of them in your understandings. 1781 
Cowrer Hofe 769 They speak the wisdom of the skies, 
Which art can only darken and disguise. 1865 KincsLey 
Herew. viii, This belief was confused and darkened by 
a cross-belief. 

9. fig. To cloud with something evil, painful, or 
sad; to cast a gloom or shadow over. 

1853 T. Witson Xft. (1580) 119 He. .that poisoneth. .and 
seeketh to obscure and darken his estimation. 1606 SHaxs. 
Ant, & Cl. 1. iv. 11 Euils enow to darken all his goodness. 
1611 — Wint. T. ww. iv. 41 With these forc’d thoughts, 
I prethee darken not The Mirth o’ th’ Feast. 1781 Gipson 
Decl, & F. II. 96 The fame of the apostles. . was darkened by 
sslipious fiction. 1829 Lytton Disowned 41 No, I will not 
darken your fair hopes. 1883 S. C. Hatt Retrospect II. 
138 Domestic affliction. .darkened the later years of his life. 

+b. To deprive (a person) of lustre or renown, to 
eclipse. Ods. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. & Cl. m. i. 24 Ambition (The Souldiers 
vertue) rather makes choice of losse, Then gaine which 
darkens him. 1607 — Cor. iv. vii. 5 And you are darkned 
in this action Sir, Euen by your owne. 

O, ‘To make dark in shade or colour. 

1717 Pore Eloisa 168 Her gloomy presence Shades ev'ry 
flow’r, and darkens ev’ry green. 1821 SHELLEY Ginevra 16 
The bridal veil Which .. darkened her dark locks. 1869 
E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 90 Organic matter 
from the lungs, when drawn through sulphuric acid, 
darkens it. 

Darkened (dask’nd), ff/. a. [f. prec. +-ED.] 
Made dark, deprived of light. @¢. and fe. 

1733 Pore Hor. Sat. u. i. 97 The darken’d room. 1856 
Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. i. § 2. 268 Darkened and deluded 
as Lam. 1871 Morey Voltaire (1856) 241 A generation of 
cruel and unjust and darkened spirits. 

Darkener (da@3k’no1).  [-Er.] 
that which darkens. 

161x Cotcr., Noircisseur, a blacker. .darkener, obscurer. 
1630 Bratuwair Lug. Gentlen, (1641) 5 A great darkener 
and blemisher of the .. beauty of the mind. 1776 G. Camp- 
BELL Philos. Rhet. (1800) 1.1. it. 47 A sophister or darkener 
of the understanding. 1866 Gro. Evior /*, //o/t IL. xxxvii. 
48 That feminine darkener of counsel. 

Darkening (dauk’nin), v7. sb, [-1nc 1] 

1. The action of making or becoming dark. 

1584 Bagford Coll, No. 81 If. 20 A great and totall Eclipse, 
or darkenyng of the Moone vnto xvi. poyntes. 1677 GiLvin 
Demonol. (1867) 348 Necessity can do much to the darkening 
of the understanding. 1875 Darwin /msectiv. Pd. vii. 144 
The .. darkening or blackening of the glands. 

2. Nightfall, dusk. Sc. 

1814 Scorr Waz. Ixiii, It’s near the darkening, sir. 1865 
Mrs. Cartyte Lett, III. 296 The cock is shut up..from 
darkening till after our breakfast. 

Da‘rkening, ///.a. [-ING2.] Becoming or 
making dark. 

1725 Porr Odyss. 1x. 213 A lonely cave .. with dark’ning 
lawrels covered o’er. 1800 Herscuet in PAil. Trans. XC. 
280 To try an application of the darkening apparatus to 
another part of the telescope. 1873 Brack Pr. Thule 6 
Peaks .. still darker than the darkening sky. 


Darkey : see Darky. 
[OE. deorcfull, 


One who or 


Darkful (da-skfil), a. rare. 
f. deorc adj. Dark: see -FUL.] Full of darkness. 

azoso Liber Scintill, \xi. (1889) 187 Eall lichama bin 
deorcfull byd. 1382 Wycuir Jatt. vi. 23 3if thyn eize be 
weyward, al thi body shal be derkful. ¢1470 Henry 
Wallace vi. 1182 The nycht was myrk, our drayff the 
dyrkfull chance. 1633 T. Apams xf. 2 Peter i. 19 Pagans 
have a darkful night. 1875 M*CLettan New Test. 390 
The horrible degradation of mankind to a darkful existence. 


+ Da‘'rkhede, derkhede. 0ds. Also durc- 
hede. [f. Dark a.+-hede, -HEAD.] Darkness. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 560 Poru al pe middelerd derkhede 
per was inou. c1300 St, Brandax 37 Alo tide of the dai we 
were in durchede. 

Darkish (daskif), a [f Dark a + -18H.] 
Somewhat dark: a. through absence of light. 

1557 SackviLLE Mirr. Mag., Induct. ii, The dayes more 
darkishe are, 1659-60 Pepys Diary (1879) I. 56 We drank 
pretty hard .. till it began to be darkish. 1777 Howarp 
Prisons Eng. (1780) 178 The passages are narrow .. and 
darkish, 1858 Gen. P. THomrson Andi Alt. II. Ixxvi. 29 
A state of darkish twilight. 

b. in shade or colour. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. x1x. xxiii. (1495) 877 Matere 
that is dymme and derkysshe and vnpure. 1538 Letanp 
Itin. 1V. 124 The..Colour..is of a darkish deepe redde. 
1775 Avair Amer. Ind. 6 Their hair is lank, coarse, and 
darkish. 1881 C. A. Younc Suz 197 A scarlet ribbon, with 
a darkish band across it. 5 : 

Hence Da‘rkishness, darkish quality or state. 

1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. xc. 556 God held them in 
darkishnes, giuing them but a small tast of his Grace. 

Da'rk-la‘ntern. A lantern with a slide or 
arrangement by which the light can be concealed. 

1650 Futter Pisgah w. iii. 45 The pillar of the cloud, the 
first and perfect pattern of a dark-lantern, 1680 HickERIN- 
Gitt Meroz 27 Vaux is Vaux though he carry a Dark- 
lanthorn and wear a Vizard. 1828 Scorr F. W/. Perth v, 
Fag Glover. .now came to the door with a dark-lantern in 


b. slang. (See quot.) 
az17joo B, E, Dict. Cant. Crew, A Dark-Lanthorn, the 
Servant or Agent that Receives the Bribe (at Court). 
5*—2 


DARKLE. 


Darkle (da:1k’l), v. [A modern word, evolved 
out of the adverb darkling analysed as a pple. 
Probably some parallelism to sparkling has been 


supposed, See next. 

1. intr. To lie darkling; to show itself darkly. 

1819 Byron ¥uan u. xlix, The night .. darkled o’er the 
faces pale And the dim desolate THACKERAY 
Newcomes \xxv, The. . Founder’s Tomb. .darkles and shines 
with the most wonderful shadows and lights. Centu 
iar. ga The .. fountain ..whose statues and iefs 
darkled above and around a silent pool. 

b. To lie in the dark, conceal oneself. 

ip Sec eng ape D. Duval viii, I remember half-a-dozen 
men darkling in an alley. 

2. To grow dark. 

1823 Byron ¥uan vi. ci, Her cheek began to flush, her 
eyes to ee And her proud brow’s blue veins to swell 
and darkle. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. 1. 330 Cold 
and grey, And darkling fast, the waste before her lay. 1880 
Howe tts Undisc. Country ix. 129 The houses darkled away 
into the gloom of the country. 

b. Of the countenance, etc.: To become dark 
with anger, scorn, etc. 

1800 Moor Ode to Anacreon xvii. Note 7 Now with angry 
scorn you darkle, Now with tender anguish sparkle. 1855 
Tuackeray Newcomes \xvi. (D.), His honest brows darkling 
as he looked towards me. 1886 ///ust. Lond. News Summer 
No. 19/2 Peltzer darkling at him with a wicked grin. 

8. trans. To render dark or obscure. 

1884 [see Darxiinc B. 3]. 1893 National Observer 25 
Feb. 370/2 The dramatist .. whose province it is to darkle 
and obscure. . 

Da:rkless, a. nonce-wd. Free from darkness. 

1888 Daily News 29 Sept. 5/1 In summer time the ‘darkless 
nights’ are enchanting. 

Darkling (dauklin), adv.and a. [ME. darke- 
Jing, f. DARK a. + -LING, adverbial formative: cf. 
back-ling, flat-ling, grove-ling, half-ling.] 

A. adv. In the dark ; in darkness. /¢. and fig. 

ar4so Knt. de la Tour 21 She wolde not come in mennis 
chaumbres bi night derkelyng withoute candelle. ard 
Sipney Arcadia (1662) 379 He came darkeling into his 
chamber. 1590 Suaxs. AZids. N. 1. ii. 86 O wilt thou 
darkling leaue me? 1633 T. Apams E-xf. 2 Peter ii. 1 Our 
lamps. .at last go out, and leave us darkling. 1667 MiLTon 
P. L. ut. 39 The wakeful Bird Sings darkling, and in shadiest 
Covert iad Tunes her nocturnal Note. 1712 STEELE Sect. 
No. 406 ® 7 Darkling and tir’d we shall the Marshes tread. 
1813 Scott Rokeby. xxvi, Wilfrid is. destined, darkling, to 
pursue Ambition’s maze by Oswald's clue. 1859 TeNNysoN 
Vivien 732 He. .darkling felt the sculpttred ornament. 

B. pres. ie and a. [the ending being con- 
founded with the -zvg of participles. ] 

1. Being, taking place, going on, proceeding, etc. 
in the dark. 

1763 SHENnstone Upon Riddles in Dodsley Coll. Poems 
(1782) V. 64 Ye writers..O spare your darkling labours ! 
1794 Hurvis 7vars Affect. 58 Thich soars aloft 1s the first 
Bieta of morning, and performs A darkling anthem at the 
gates of Heav'n. 
A single word from God .. is worth a world of darkling 
speculations. 1859 G. Merepitn R. Feverel xx, Here like 
darkling nightingales they sit. 1863 Mrs. OuieHant Sadene 
Ch. xvi, 286 Vhe mother and son hurried on upon their 
darkling journey. Beda 

2. Characterized by darkness ; lying in darkness ; 
showing itself darkly; darksome, obscure. 

1739 P. Wuiteneap Manners 3 A doleful tenant of the 
darkling Cell. 1855 M. Arnotp Balder Dead ii, And by 
the darkling forest-paths the Gods Follow'd. 1865 Gossr 
Land & Sea (1874) 20 Another. . brook that breaks out from 
its darkling bed beneath dwarf willows. 

f: 1795 G. WAKEFIELD pen 4 to Age of Reason, Part Il, 
24 To let the sun of your intellect shine out .. for the illu- 
mination of us darkling mortals, 18z3 Scott Nokedy v1. xiv, 
Darkling was the sense; the phrase And language those of 
other days. 1878 Wiite Life in Christ m1. xix. 257 Some 
darkling sensation of pleasure or pain. 

3. Darkening ; obscuring. 

1884 LoweLt Poems, To Holmes, As many poets with 
their rhymes Oblivion’s darkling dust o’erwhelms. 

4. Darkling-beetle, a black beetle, Blaps mor- 
tisaga, living in dark places, as cellars, etc. 

1816 Kirsy & Sp. Etomol. (1843).1. 335 Mr. Baker... kept 
a darkling beetle (Blafs mortisaga) alive for three years 
without food of any kind. 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Auat. Il. 
863/2 The fifth section. .includes..the darkling-beetles. 

a‘rkling, sh. nonce-wad. [See -u1nc.] Achild 
of darkness; one dark in nature or character. 

1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. My (MS.) Yl catch Th’ 
impetuous darkling [i.e. Cain] at his first recoil, And tem- 

rize his hatred to my wish! /did. 1.175 The morning .. 

rought his darkling to the field. 

Da‘rklings, adv. rare. [f. DARKLING adv., with 
adverbial genitive: cf. backward, -wards, etc.) In 
the dark; =DARKLING adv. 

a 1656 Br. Hatt Ws. (1837-9) VII. 344 (D.) Idle wanton 
servants, who = talk out their candle-light, and then 
go darklings to bed. x Burns Halloween xi, To the 

iln she then, An’ lins grapit for the bauks. 7 
Tait’s Mag. XIV, 11 A kind of pantomime..done dark- 
lings in a lawyer’s back shop. 

b. At darkiins is used dialectally. 

1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. 1. 282, I wonder you're 
not scared to be with her by your sen at darklins. 

+ Darrklong, adv., obs. variant of DARKLING. 
[CE. headlong, sidelong.) 

1561 T. Hony tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer (1577) M vja, The 
two arose and wente to bed dark ia EN & 
Wites //ist. Trav. 258 b, Darkelong without al pompe and 
ceremonies, buryed in a dunghil. 1620 SueLTon Quix. 


| sett purpose very darkely. 


1814 Cuatmers Evid. Chr. Revel. x. 285, 


36 


IV. xiv. 112 Sometimes he went dark-long and without 


Light. 

Dar: (da-akli), adv. [f. Dark a. + -1Y%. 
OE. had deorclice; but the word —- to have 
been formed anew in ME.] Ina dark manner or 
way. In OE. known only in the /ig. sense ‘darkly 
in a moral sense, horridly, foully’. 

©1000 Gloss. Prudent. 142 Tetrum, deorclice. 

1. In the dark ; in secrecy, secretly. 

c1600 SHaks. Sonn. xliii, When I , in d 


DARLING. 
darknesse as a bride, And hugge it in mine armes. Mod. 
The darkness of the tomb. <3 . 

5. Gloom of sorrow, trouble, or distress. 

c Howett Lett. (1650) I. 142 There is some dark- 
ness betwixt the two favourites. 181z SHELLEY 
— 's Victim iii. 7 The darkness of d dismay. 

. A condition or environment w conceals 
from sight, observation, or knowledge ; obscurity ; 
concealment, secrecy. 

3382 Wyciir Matt. x. 27 That thing that Y say to 30u in 


they 
[my eyes] look on thee, And darkly bright are bright in 
dark directed. 1601 — Ad/’s Well w. iii. 13, I will tell you 
a thing, but you shall let it dwell darkly with you. 163 
Weever Anc, Fun, Mon. 223 Brad in lieth buried in 
the South wall, somewhat darkly. 1845 Hoop /rish 
Schoolmaster vi, Tame fi iliar fowls. .sit darkly squatting. 

2. With a dark or sombre hue. 

1509 Hawes Past, Pleas. xuiv. ii, On his noddle darkely 
flamyng Was set Saturne. 1641 Frencu Distiid. v. (1651) 
139 Melt it not, onely let it darkly glow. 1794 SourHEy 
Sonn. viii, How darkly o'er yon far-off mountain frowns The 
gather'd tempest! a1835 Mrs. Hemans Poems, Modern 
Greece, The river's darkly-rolling wave. 1843 Mrs. Brown- 
inG To Flush iii, Darkly brown thy body is. 

3. In a gloomy, frowning, ominous manner. 

1594 Suaxs. Rich. JI/, 1. iv. 175 How darkly, and how 
deadly dost thou pets! 3601 — Jwel. N. u. i. 4 My 
starres shine darkely ouer me. 1814 Byron Corsair 1. ix, 
His frown of hatred darkly fell. 1837 HAwTHoRNE Twice 
Told 7’.(1851) I. v. 76°The men of tron shook their heads 
and frowned so darkly, that the revellers looked up. 

4. In an obscure, vague, or mysterious manner. 

1377 Lanct. P. /’. B. x. 372 Where dowel is, or dobet 
derkelich 3e shewen. c1450 Merlin 53, 1.. will speke .. so 
derkly that they shul not vndirstonde what I sey. 1576 
Fieminc Panofl. Epist. 213 This booke was .. written of 


1840 Mrs. Norton Dream 151 


Darkly-worded spells. 1889 Jessorr Coming of Friars i. 3 


Because he spoke so darkly, men listened allthe moreeagerly. | ; 
| synonym of dark, of vaguer connotation. 


c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode u, Iii. (1869) 98 Sum time | 


5. With obscure vision ; dimly, blindly. 


thou shalt se me thikkeliche and derkliche. 1526 Pi/gr. 

Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 185 In this lyfe we se and knowe 
god but confusely or derkly, as it were by a glasse. 1732 
Pork Ess. Manus. 4 A being darkly wise, and rudely great. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 427 Are not we..seeking to 
discover that which Socrates in a glass darkly foresaw ? 

Darrkly, a. rare. [-LY1: cf. stckly.] Dark- 
looking, somewhat dark. 

82x Care Vill. Minstr. 11. 52 Sweet tiny flower of 
darkly hue. 

Da'rkmans. 7vieves’ cant. [f. Dark a.: the 
second clement occurs also in crackmans a hedge, 
lightmans the day, etc.] The night. 


1867 Harman Caveat 85, I couched a hogshead in a | 


Skypper this darkemans. 1611 Dekker Roaring Girle 
Wks. 1873 II]. 216 With all whom I'le tumble this next 
darkmans in the strommel. a 1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, 
Darkmans-Budge .. one that slides into a House in the 
Dusk, to let in.. Rogues to rob. 1737 Bacchus & Venus, 
Kach Darkmans I pass in an old shady Grove. 
Guy M. xxviii, Men were men then, and fought other in the 
open field, and there was nae milling in the darkmans. 

‘Darkness (da-uknés). [OE. deorcnes, -nys, f. 
deorc DARK a. + -nes, -nis, -nys, -NESS.] The 
quality or state of being dark. 

1. Absence or want of light (total or partial). 

a1080 De Vitiis in Liber Scintill. (1889) 228 On pyssere swa 
micelre deorcnysse. ¢1320 Cast. Love 1706 Another peyne 
they shull have of derknes. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol. 


95' MS. Gg) And clothede was the flour. . ffor derknesse ofthe | 


nyht. 1440 Promp. Parv. 121 Dyrkenesse, obscuritas. 


1§08 Fisner Wks. (1876) 50 Bytwene the shynynge lyght | 
1667 Mure But 


and black derknes. Iitton P. L. 1. 63 No light, 
rather darkness visible Serv'd only to discover sights of woe. 
1860 TYNDALL Glac. 1. xxy. 188 An aperture through which 
the darkness of the chasm was rendered visible. 

2. The quality of being dark in shade or colour. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. i. 5 Pe wiche clopes a darkenes of 
a forleten and dispised elde had{de) duskid and dirked. 
1413 Lype. Pilgr. Sowle u. lix. (1859) 57 The fyre taketh 
smoke and derkenesse of the mater to whichehe is conioyned. 
1818 Suetiry Laon xu, xxiii. 7 The glossy darkness of 
her streaming hair. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xviii. 
§3 Darkness mingled with colour gives the delight of its 
depth and power. ; 

. Want of sight; blindness. 

¢1374 Cuaucer 7roylus wv. 272 Ende I wil as Edi in 
derknesse My sorowfull liff. 1568 Turner Hevkal ts. 6 
‘The litle filmes that go over the eyes, wherof darknes doth 
rise. 31842 TENNYSON Godiva 70 His eyes, before they had 
their will, Were shrivell'd into darkness in his head. 

Jig. & The want of spiritual or intellectual 

light; esp. common in biblical insgery. 

Kingdom, power of darkness: the empire of evil. Prince 
of darkness: Satan. 

1340 Cursor M. 17881 (Trin.) 


‘knesse. 
Leader under t 
Ps The 


Wurrtock Z 4qoA 
Prince of Darknesse. 1712 Apptson Sfect. ge 
of 


All that lyue in ignoraunce are called 
1 


Darkness and Superstition of later Ages. ‘ORDYCE 
Serm. Yng. Wom. (1767) 11. viii. 6 The powers of darkness 
..concur..in misleading. 1871 Mortry Voltaire (1886) 229 
They [the clergy] were. .the incarnation of the average dark- 
ness of the hour. F : 

b. Absence of the ‘light’ of life ; death. 


an 
et To that londe of 
Suaks. Meas. for M. iu.i. 14 If I must die, 1 will encounter 


| constraint Wandring this darksome desart. 


| 1848 M 


1815 Scorr | 


| drudging childhood and youth. a 1845 
darksom 


» Saye in the lizt. 1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, 
oor rhe salts of nacht UMS UDEE ports. ot fa wot 
and bishoppes of Rome. 1601 Suaxs. Twed. NV. v. i. 156 To 
vnfold, though — we intended To in dark 


enesse, 
what occasion now 1692 E. Waker £fictetus’ 
Mor. (1730) *To the Author’, Truth’s still in darkness un- 
discovered. 


1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) III. xii. 2 
I found the question wrapped in Sooaes. a a Commer 
Monk xiii. 191 This formidable figure that had arisen so 
eeaeely with such mystery, this man of darkness 
on! 

7. Obscurity of meaning. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 165 Poeticall Clerkes .. de- 
lightyng muche in their owne enesse. a@1568 AscHAM 
Scholem, (Arb.) 156 The vse of old des is not the g 
cause of Salustes roughnes and darknesse. 1666 Boyte 
Orig. Formes & Qual., Apt to ion much dark 
and difficulty in our enquiries into the things themselves. 
a1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) I. 279 He preached and 
prayed often himself, but with so pereier's darkness. 

+ Darkship. Ods. nonce-wd. [See-suiv.] The 
personality of one who is dark. 

1707 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. (1715) u. 7 That his Darkship 
[i e. a devil] was unable To terrify an English Rabble. 
Darksome (dauiksim), a. [f. DapK sd. + 
-SOME: cf. toi/some.] 


1. Characterized (more or less) by darkness ; 
somewhat dark or gloomy. Now chiefly a poetic 


1530 PALsGr. 309/2 Darkesome, tenebreux. 1549-62 STERN- 
HoLb & H, Ps. cxxxvi.g And Starres that doe appeare To 
guide the darksome night. 1667 Mitton P. L. u.973 By 
1718 Rowe tr. 
Lucan 35 She seeks the Ly Seb een darksom Hold below. 

. ARNoLD Sick King -hara, Alone and in a dark- 
some ao Under some mulberry-trees I found A little pool. 

2. Somewhat dark in shade or colour; sombre. 

1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 73 He hath a little haire on his 
vpper lip .. of a darksom color. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. xu. 185 
A darksom Cloud of Locusts swarming down. 1807 
Worpsw. White Doe 1. 56 With pine and cedar spreading 
wide Their darksome boughs on every side. 1879 Dixon 
Windsor |. i. 2 Darksome clump, and antique tower. _ 

3. fig. a. Characterized by obscurity of meaning. 

1574 tr. Marlorat's Apocati~s 1 To the Fathers of olde 
tyme, Daniels vision d moste dark 35978 Br. 
Hatt Sazé. 1. Prol., Whose words were short, and some 
was theirsense. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 900 Paracelsus and some 
darksome authors of Magic. 1838 C. Sumner A/em. & Lett. 


| (1878) 1. 379 The darksome notes and memoranda which he 


made on the margin of the volumes he read. 
b. Characterized by gloom, sadness, or cheerless- 
ness. 

1649 Roserts Clavis Bibi. ii. 24 All my darksome doubtings 
fledaway, 1719 D'Urrey Pills (x872)1¥. 109 It is a darksome 
Passion. 1 CariyLe Misc. (1857) 1. 199 is 

oop Two Swans 


iv, In e fears They weep and pine away. 
e. Morally of dark character. 

1880 MeCartuy Own Times IV. Ixvii. 532 Some rather 
darksome vices. .prove their exi: in the character. 

Hence Da‘rksomeness, darkness, obscurity. 

1571 Goipinc Calvin on Ps. xviii. 12 Darksomnesse of 
water. 1583 — Calvin on Deut. xlii. 248 Let vs not charge 
it [God's truth] with darksomenesse. a1642 Sir W. Mon- 
son Naval Tracts v. 495/2 The Dar! of the Night. 

Darky, darkey (daski). [f. Dark a. + -y, 
dim, and appellative : cf. BLAcKY.] 

1. The night. slang. 

a tees 3 oe here darkey. 1836 
eyes and limbs.. "t come a 
R. Bussowss Death of Socrates in ‘Rel. Father Prout 
Then at dark: waked him in clover. 


1812 0: H. Vaux Flash Dict., Darky, a dark lanthorn. 
1838 Dickens O. Twist xxi keys, centre-bits, 
darkies—nothing ?’ ‘oby. i 

8. A negro, a blacky. collog. Also attrib. 

. Dana Bef. Mast xxxiii. 129 The darkey tried 
to butt him. Ci Mag. XXVII. 132 The manners 
of a corn-field 3 19th Cent. Feb. 246 A coffin of 


“4 A blind ¥ 

4. A blind man. dial. 

1807 J. Stace Poems 144 A darky glaum'd her by the hip. 

Dar (d&alin), sd. and a, Forms: 1-3 
deorling, (1 dior-, dir-, dyrling), 1-6 derling, 
(4-6 derlinge, -yng(e), 2-4 durling, -yng, 5-6 
darlyng(e, 6 darlinge, 6- darling; also 3 deore- 
ling, 3-6 dereling, -yng, 4-6 deer(e)ling, -yng, 
6-8 dearling, (6 -inge, -yng(e). [OE. déorling, 
dierling, deriv. of déor DEAR: see -LING. Thence 
ME. dereling, derling, which subseq. became dar- 
Zing, as usual with er followed by a consonant ; but 


Painter 124 (Farmer) Bless your 


the analytical dere-/ing, dear-ling also continued 
in use till the 18th c. or later, as a dialectal 
or nonce-form.] 


1. A person who is very dear to another; the 
object of a ’s love ; one dearly loved. Com- 
monly used as a term of endearing address. 


DARN. 


c 888 K, Atrrep Boeth. xxxix. § 10Se godcunda anweald 
zefripode his diertinaas v.r. deorlingas]. ¢897 — Gregory's 
Past. |. 393 Bi Dauide 62m Godes dirlinge. c1000 A‘Lrric 
Hon. (Thorpe) I. 58 (Bosw.) Iohannes se Godspellere, 
Cristes dyrling. @ 1200 Moral Ode 385 Crist scal one beon 
inou alle his durlinges. cr Will. Palerne 1538 Sweting 
welcome ! Mi derworpe derling. 1388 Wyciir Soug Sol. 1. 
13 My derlyng is to me a cluster of cipre tre. ?a@1400 
Chester Plays 11. 372 And now farewell my darling deere. 
1562 J. Heywoop Prov. a (1867) 65 It is better to be 
An olde mans derlyng, t a yong mans werlyng. 1583 
Sranynurst Zxeis ii. (Arb.) 63 Flee, fle, my sweet darling. 
1714 Gay Sheph. Week v. 110 While on her Dearling’s Bed 
her Mother sate. 1842 TENNySoN Gardener’s Dau. 272 
The idol of my youth, The darling of my manhood. 1859 
— Merlin §& V.395 Answer, darling, answer, no. 

+b. A favourite, a minion. Ods. 

c 888 K. AELrrep Boeth, xxvii. § 2 3if de licode his dysiz.. 
swa wel swa his dysezgum deorlingum dyde. a 1400-50 
Alexander 3442 An ald derling of Darius was duke made 
of pers. 1530 Patscr. 213/1 Derlyng, a man, signon. 
bg Hatt Chron. (1809) 219 The Quenes dearlynge 
William Duke of Suffolke. 1579 J. Srusses Gaping Gulf 
E viij, The king. .had like to haue marred al, by lauishing 
out a word hereof to one of hys deerelyngs. a@ 1719 
Appison (J.), She became the darling of the princess. 

ce. The favourite in a family, etc. 

¢ 1330 R. BruNNE Chron. (1810) 50 Knoute of his body gate 
sonnes bre. . Knoute lufed [Harald] best, he was his derlyng. 
1675 Art Contentm. iv. § 9 The most discountenanc’d 
child oft makes better proof, than the dearling. x71z 
ArsutTunoT Yohn Bull i. ii, John was the darling! He 
had all the good bits. 

d. One meet to be much loved, a lovable 
creature, a ‘ pet’. 

1799 Soutury King of Crocodiles u, Six young Princes, 
darlings all, Were missing. 1863 Miss Brappon Elvanor's 
Vict. (1878) iii. 23 His duty towards those innocent darlings. 
1864 Kinestey in Life xxi. (1879) II. 173 With every flock 
of sheep and girls are one or two enormous mastiffs .. They 
are great darlings, and necessary against bear and wolf. 

2. transf. and fig. a. of persons, as the darling 
of the gare, etc. 

c1205 Lay. 6316 Alfred be king, Englelondes deorling. /did. 
25576 Pa spac Angel be king, Scottene deorling. 1548 Upatt, 
etc. Lrasm. Par. Luke Pref.8 Wantons and derelynges 
of fortune. 1615 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. xxiii. § 36 Augustus 
Czsar..when he was a dearling of the Senate. 1639 FULLER 
Holy War (1640) 1 A prince so good, that he was styled 
the Darling of mankind. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 193 
Fortune turns..every thing to the advantage of her Dar- 
lings. 1875 Srusss Cozst. ‘ist. 111, xxi. 508 Henry V was, 

e deserved to be, the darling of the nation. 

b. of things. 

¢ 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 25 Loue is goddis owne der- 
linge. 177 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 303 Where God 
is, there also is Patience his derling which he nourisheth. 
1604 Suaks. Oth, 111. iv. 66 Take heede on’t, Make it a 
Darling, like your precious eye. 1750G. Hucues Barbadoes 
Pref. 1 Then Oratory became their darling. 1870 Emerson 
Soc. §& Solit., Work & Days Wks. (Bohn) III. 67 Trade, 
that pride and darling of our Ocean. 

+3. A name for a variety of apple. Oés. 

1586 CoGan Haven Health (1636) 101 The best Apples 
.-are Pepins, Costards.. Darlings, and such other. 

4. Comb., as darling-like adj. (nonce-wd.). 

1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-cap 835 Her figure? some- 
what small and darlinglike. 

B. adj. (attrib. use of sb.] Dearly loved, very 
dear ; best-loved, favourite. a. of persons. 

[1s09 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. Ixxii, Dyane derlyng pale 
as any leade.] 1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v. Prol. v, Dred infant, 
Venus dearling dove. 1667 Mitton P. L. u. 373 His 
darling Sons. 1736 W.. Tuompson Efithalamium xiv. 9 
Our dearling prince. 1819 SHELLEY Cyclops 246 My darling 
little ms jmag 1849 Dickens Dav. Copp. xxxii, My un- 
changed love is with my darling child. 

b. of things. 

¢ 1600 SHAks, Sonn. xviii. 3 Rough winds do shake the 
darling buds of May. 1645 Futter Good Th. in Bad T. 
(1841) 64 To acknowledge 2] darling faults. 1701 W.Worron 
Hist. Rome, Marcus i. 7 Philosophy was his darling Study. 
1799 CotertpGe Devil's Thoughts vi, The Devil did grin, 
for his darling sin Is pride that apes humility. 1848 
Macautay Hist, Eng. 1. 101 A few enthusiasts..were bent 
on pursuing. .their darling phantom of a republic. 

Hence (xonce-was.) Darling v. ¢vans., to address 
as ‘darling’; Da‘rlingly adv.; Da‘rlingness. 

1888 Lapy V. Sanpars Bitter Repent. II. ii. 25 They 
still darlinged and deared each other as heretofore, especially 
in the presence of others. 1873 BrowninG Red Cott. Nt.- 
cap 1600 Writing letters daily, duly read As darlingly she 
hands them to myself. 1875 — Aristoph. Apol, Wks. XIII. 

o Right they named you .. some rich name .. Kallistion ? 

habion for the darlingness ? 

Darloch, var. of Doruacu. 

Darn (dam), v. Forms: 7-8 dern, dearn, 7- 
darn; 9 Sc.dern. [Derivation unknown. 

The verb appears about 1600, and becomes at once quite 
common: it may be that eS eg way of repairing 
a hole or rent was then introduced. The form suggests 
relationship to Dern (later davz) secret, hidden, and its 
verb dern, darn to conceal, put out of sight; but satis- 
iba connecting links between the two have not yet 
been found. On the other hand the Celtic derivation sug- 
gested by Wedgwood is absolutely inadmissible. Wels! 
darn * piece, fragment’ has no association with darning or 
mending in any way, and the sense ‘ patch’ given by Owen 
Pughe is correct only in the sense that a ‘piece’ may be 
used to patch. The Welsh darnio hosan would mean ‘to 
cut a stocking to pieces’ (with a knife); ‘to darn a stocking’ 
is creithio hosax. (D. Silvan Evans, and Prof. Rhys.) 

trans, To mend (clothes, etc., esp. stockings) by 
filling-in a hole or rent with yarn or thread inter- 


37 
woven so as to form a kind of texture. 
done with a darning-needle.) 

cx1600 Q. Eliz. Househ. Bk. in Househ. Ord. (1790) 294 
The Serjant hath for his fee, all the coverpannes, drinking 
towells, and other linen clothe .. that are darned. 1603 
Ho tianp Plutarch’s Mor. 783 (R.) For spinning, weaving, 
derning and drawing up a rent. 1611 Cotcr., Rentraire 
..to draw, dearne, or sow vp a rent in a garment. 1697 
Lond, Gaz. No. 3303/4 Breeches darned with Worsted at 
the Knees. 1710 STEELE Zatler No. 245 P 2 Four Pair 
of Silk-Stockings curiously derned. 1836 Mrs. CarLyLe 
Lett. 1. 63 The holes in the stair-carpet all darned, 1881 
Besant & Rice Chafpl. of Fleet i. iii. (1883) 135 His grey 
stockings were darned with blue worsted. f 

absol. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) I. 233, I can sow plain- 
work, I can darn and stitch. 1875 Plain Needlework 18 
The machine is not yet invented which can patch or darn. 

Jig. 1641 Mitton Church Govt. vi. (1851) 128 To dearn up 
the rents of schisme by calling a councell. 

b. To thread one’s way in and out between 
obstacles. 

1890 Blackw. Mag. No. 897. 9/1 Lithe bodies .. darning 
themselves out and in of the many-coloured seething crowd. 

Darn, sé. [f. Darn v.] The act or result of 
darning ; a hole or rent mended by darning. 

1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5868/9, 1..Muslin Apron, with a 
large Darn in the Bottom. 1851 Beck's Florist 40 Then 
she’d..wash my linen, or put a patch here and a darn there. 
1879 Miss Birp Rocky Mount. I. 245 One pair of stockings, 
Pas a mass of darns that hardly a trace of the original 
wool remains. 

Darn, var. of DERN a. and v. 

Darn, Darnation, Darned, perversions of 
Damy, Damnation, DaMNep, in profane use. 
(Chiefly U.S.) 

1837-40 Harisurton Clockuz. (1862) 29, I guess they are 
pretty considerable superfine darned fools. | /d¢d. (1872) 92 
Darn it all, it fairly makes my dander rise. 1844 John 
Chawbacon ii. in Halliwell Dict. (1865) I. p. xv, I'll be 
darn’d if I know. 1848 Lowett Biglow P.1. xiii, Ef you're 
arter folks o’ gumption, You’ve a darned long row to hoe. 
1861 H. Kincstey Ravexshoe vi. (D.), My boy..was lost 
in a typhoon in the China sea; darn they lousy typhoons ! 

Darned (daind), A//. a. [f Darn v.!] Mended 
by darning. 

1628 WitHER Lrit. Remeimb.v. 1019 Peec’d, and neatly 
dearned. 1838 Dickens O. Twist iv, A suit of thread-bare 
black, with darned cotton stockings. 1847 Lp. Linpsay 
Chr. Art I. 137 A piece of darned and faded tapestry. 

Darnell (dainél). Forms: 4-5 dernel, 5 
dernal, -eil, darnelle, -ylle, -ail, 6 dernell, (der- 
nolde), 6-7 darnell, -all, 4- darnel. [Occurs also 
inthe Walloon dialect of Rouchy, ‘dariedle, ivraie, 
loliune temulentune’; ulterior history unknown.] 

1. A deleterious grass, Lolium temulentum, which 
in some countries grows as a weed among corn. 

Known first as the English name for the dodzuiz of the 
Vulgate: see CockLe sé,! 2. The grass is now rare in Eng- 
land, but appears to have been much more common formerly 
when seed-corn was largely imported from the Mediter- 
ranean regions, where the weed abounds. It is now held to 
be deleterious only when infested by ergot, to which it is 
particularly liable. 

¢1325 Metr. Hom. 145 Than com his fa, and seu riht thare 
Darnel, that es an iuel wede. ¢ 1340 Cursor M, 1138 (Fairf.) 
Pate darnel [Cott., Gott. zizanny, Trin. cokul] sal hit 

e. xe Wycur Matt. xiii. 25. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 119 
Dernel, a wede, zizania, lollinm. 1523 Fitzuers. Husb, 
§20 Dernolde groweth vp streyght lyke an hye grasse, and 
hath longe sedes on eyther syde the stert. 1572 J. Jones 
Bathes Buckstone 5b, Some darnell is crepte in amongest the 
good corne. 1605 Suaxs. Lear 1. iv. 5. 1697 Drvven Virg. 
Past. v. 56 Oats and Darnel choak the rising Corn. 1742 
Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed, 4) 10 Darnel is a rampant 
Weed and grows much among some Barley, especially in 
the bad Husbandman’s Ground. 1799 Jed. Prné. 11. 106 
Externally applied, darnel is said to produce anodyne 
properties. 1833 Tennyson Poems 3 Then let wise Nature 
work her will And on my clay her darnels grow. 

b. Sometimes used as a book-name of the genus 
Lolium. Red darnel: Rye-grass, L. perenne. 

1647 FuLLeR Good Th. in Worse T.(1841) 109 There is 
a_ kind of darnel, called lodium murinum. 1794 Martyn 
Rousseau’s Bot. xiii. 143 Lolium or Darnel, has a one- 
leaved involucre containing one flower only. 

2. Loosely ‘ applied to Papaver Rheas, or some 
other corn-field poppy ’ (Britten & Holland). 

1612 Drayton Poly-o/b. xv. (R.), The crimson darnel 
flower, the blue-bottle and gold. 

3. fig. Cf. Cocke, Targs. 

1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11, 216 Nor of thy tounge be nat 
rekkelees, Uttre nevir no darnel with good corn. 1563-87 
Foxe 4. §¢ M. (2684) III. sor The detestable darnel of 
desperation. 1590 H. Barxow Brief Discov. 3 [Satan] 
sowing his darnel of errors and tares of discord amongst 
them. a 1640 J. Batt Axszw. to Can ii. (1642) 12 A graine 
of good corne in a great deale of darnell. 

attrib, 1868 Lower. Under Willows vi, No darnel fancy 
Might choke one useful blade in Puritan fields. P 

4. attrib., and Comb., as darnel-like adj. 

160r Hottanp Pliny II. 144 Darnell floure laid too, with 
Oxymell, cureth the gout. c 1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers 
(1855) 73, I dizzy am as fed with Darnall seede. 1834 Brit. 
Husb. 1. 511 Festuca loliacea, or darnel-like fescue. 

Darner (dainax). [-ER.] | 

1. One who darns. 

1611 Corcr., Rentraieur, a Seamster..or Dearner. 1837 
Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. U1. 149 The humble stocking- 
darner, 1841 Lane Arad. Nts. UI. 177--He took [the veil] 
forth from the shop, and gave it to the darner, 

2. A daming-needle. ree ‘ 

1882 in CauLFietp & Sawarp Dict, Needlework. - 


(This is 


DART. 


Darnex, darnick, obs. forms of Dorniok. 

Darning (da-inin), vd/. sb. [-1nG1.] 

1. The action or process of filling up a hole ina 
fabric with thread or yarn in interwoven stitches ; 
the result of such mending. 

1611 Cotcr,, Rentraicture. -adearning. 1720 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 5868/9, 1 long Muslin Apron .. the middle flourished 
with Sprigs of true Darning. 1882 A/rs. Raven's Tempt. 
I. 211 Charity usually did her darnings and mendings in 
her own apartment. 1886 B. C. Sawarp in //ousewife 1. iv. 
1o9/t To understand grafting, patching, Swiss darning, 
ladder darning, and corner darning, as well as plain darning. 

Jig. (=‘ Threading’ one’s way in and out.) 

1881 Mrs. Hotman Hunt Childr. Jerus. 114 Phoebe..made 
her way by a darning process up to. .the official dignitary. 

2. Articles darned or to be darned. 

Mod. ‘The week’s darning lay on the table. 

3. Comb.,as darning-work ; darning-ball, -last, 
an egg-shaped or spherical piece of wood, ivory or 
other hard substance, over which a fabric is 
stretched while being darned; darning-needle, 
a long and stout needle used in darning ; darning- 
stitch, a stitch used in darning which imitates the 
texture of the fabric darned. 

rir SuHarress. Charac. (1737) II. 265 The gouty joints 
and darning-work..by which, complicated periods are so 
curiously strung, or hook’d on, one to another. 1848 Hor. 
Situ /dler upon town 54 This case .. containing two 
bodkins and a darning needle. 

Darnix, darnock, obs. forms of Dornick. 

Daroga, darogha (dardwga). Anglo-Lni. 
Also 7 daruga, derega, droga, droger, 7-8 de- 


roga, 8 darouga. [a. Pers. and Urdi sSy | 
daroghah, contr. $4 19 droghah governor, oversecr.] 


A governor, superintendent, chief officer, head of 
police or excise. Under the Mongols, the Governor 
of a province or city, but in later times gradually 
degraded. 

1634 Sir T. HersertT 7vav. (1638) 132 The Daraguad in 
person came. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 
232 The Baily, or Judge of the City, whom they call 
Daroga. 1753 Hanway 7rav. (1762) II. xv. ii. 413 Orders 
being given to the darougas. .not to let any one pass. 1815 
EvLpPHiInstone Canudbud (1842) II. 265 The Darogha of the 
Bazars fixed prices, and superintends weights and measures. 
1892 Daily News 19 July 7/3 The official .. sent it off to 
Gwalior by a daroga. 

Darr, obs. form of Dare v.! 

Darraign, -rain(e, -rayne, -rein‘e, -reyne, 
etc., var. of DERAIGN Obs. 


+Darrei‘n, 2. Old Law. [a. OF. darrain, 
derrein (still in various F. dialects drain, darain, 
etc. = F. dernier) :—late L. *de-retranus hinder, f. 
de retro (whence F. derriére) behind.] 

Last, ultimate, final; =DERNIER. Darrein pre- 
sentment: the last presentation to an ecclesiastical 
benefice (as a proof of the right to present): see 
quot. 1760. Darrein resort: =derniter ressort. 

[1292 Britton 1v. i, De assise de Dreyn Present. Jbéd. 
Iv. xi. § 5 Si le derreyn verdit soit contrarie al premer.] 
1555 Act 1 Alary 2nd Sess. c. 5 Any writ of assise of darren 
presentment. 1672 W. pe Britaine Jxterest Eng. Dutch 
War g War is the darrein resort of every wise and good 
Prince. 1760 Burn Eccé. Law I. 26 Darrein presentment 
is a writ which lieth, where a man or his ancestor hath 
presented a clerk toa church, and afterwards (the church be- 
coming void by the death of the said clerk or otherwise) 
a stranger presenteth his clerk to the same church, in dis- 
turbance of him who had last .. presented. 1833 Act 3-4 
Will. 1V, c. 27 § 36 And be it further enacted, That no .. 
Writ of Assize of novel disseisin. .Darrein-presentment. .or 
Mort d’ancestor. .shall be brought after the Thirty-first Day 
of December One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four. 

Darse, obs. var. of Dace, a fish. 

Darst(e, obs. pa. indic. of Dare v.1 

Dart (dart), sé. Also 4-6 darte, 7 Sc. dairt. 
[a. OF. dart, accus. of darz, dars, in 15th c. dard 
= Pr. dart, Sp. and It. darwo.] 

1. A pointed missile weapon thrown by the hand ; 
a light spear or javelin; also applied to pointed 
missiles in general, including arrows, etc. 

131314 Guy Warw.(A.) 3488 Launces, swerdes, and dartes. 
c¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 178 A darte was schot to 
bem, bot non wist who it schete. c1400 Destr. Troy 10548 
Parys cast at the kyng.. Pre darttes. 1535 CoveRDALE 
Prov. xxvi. 18 As one shuteth deadly arowes and dartes. 
1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. u. 156 They use no 
other Arms than the Dart, (which they cast..dexterously). 
1718 Pore /liad wv. 511 The sounding darts in iron tem- 
pests flew. 1840 Tuirtwatt Greece VII. 7 After a short 
ss he was killed by a dart from an engine. ° 

. fig. 

1382 Wycuir fh. vi. 16 The firy dartis of the worste 
enmye. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xu. i, Deth with his 
darte arest me sodenly. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 
201 The too Leppecry Scie of the Sun. 1764 Gotpsm. 
Trav. 231 Love's and friendship’s finely pointed dart. @ 1839 
Praep Poems (1864) II. 259 The lightning’s vivid dart. 

e. transf. A kind of eel-spear (see quot. 1883) ; 
a needle-shaped piece of caustic used in surgery; 
ta representation of a dart or arrow used to mark 
direction on a drawing, etc. (ods.) ; the tongue or 
spear of flame produced by a blowpipe. 

1784 Specif. Watt's Patent No. 1432. 9 The direction of 
motion of these. . wheels is shown by the darts. 1816 Accum 


DART. 


Chem. Tests (1818) 174 Expose it to the flame of a blowpipe 
dart. 1876 tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. 1V. 80 Darts of equal 
parts of iodine and iodide of potassium with 
dextrine and made as fine as Carlsbad needles, are used .. 
with success in the treatment of.. hypertrophied tonsils. 
1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxxi. (1884) 244 The 
spear in use on the Antand Thurne is the dart, and is made 
with a cross-piece, with barbed spikes set in it like the 
teeth of a rake. 

2. Zool. An organ resembling a dart: spec. a. 
The sting of a venomous insect, scorpion, etc., or 
that part which pierces the skin. b. A dart-like 
organ in some gastropods, having an excitatory 
function (see dart-sac in 8). 

1665 Hooke Microgr. 163 The Sting of a Bee..I could 
most plainly perceive..to contain in it, both a Sword or 
Dart, and the poisonous liquor that causes the pain. 1 
Beatriz Miustr. 1.x, It poisons like a scorpion’s dart. 186 
Hawrtnorne Maré. Faun xx, His [a demon’s] scaly tail, 
with a poisonous dart at the end of it! 186x Hume tr. 
Moquin-Tandon u. uu. ii. 84 Their [snails’] generative 
organs .. contain a copulative pouch, the dart enclosed in 
asac. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 118. /bid. 
481 Some Pudmonata and certain species of Doris possess 
a dart, attached in the former to the female, in the latter to 
the male, duct. . moore 

3. Dress-making. A seam joining the two edges 
left by cutting a gore in any stuff. 

1884 Dress Cutting Assoc. Circular, Yo sew the Darts (or 
Breast Plaits) commence at the top, holding both edges 
even for one inch. 1893 [Weddon’s Ladies’ Frui. XIV. 
252/3 The shape is fitted with hip darts. 

4. A name for the snake-like lizards of the genus 


38 


Trav. 51 Akind of headed Pike, which they dart with 

exactness. 1770 GHORNE Plutarch (1879) 1. 426/1 

e bound it fast to a javelin, and darted it over. 1839 

T. Beate Sferm Whale 161 They «. sometimes get near 
enough to dart the harpoon. ; 

3. transf. and fig. To send forth, or emit, sud- 


pars and sharply; to shoot out; to cast (a glance) 


‘am. Shr. v. ii. 137 Dart not 
scornefull glances from those eies. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. (1638) 171 The Sunne darted his outragious es 
so full upon us. 1676 Phil. Trans. X1. 680 (Fire engine) 
‘The water issuing out of the tube that darts it. 1 
Bosman Guinea (1721) 246 The Camelion .. when a Fly 
comes in his way. gio out his Tongue with utmost Swift- 
ness. 1784 Cowrer 7ask u. 720 His gentle eye Grew 
stern, and darted a severe rebuke. 18: Topp Cyci. 
Anat. |. 272/1 Darting the bill with sudden velocity into 
the water. 1852 THacxeray Esmond 1. viii, Her eyes .. 
darted flashes of anger as she spoke. i 

4. intr. To throw a dart or other missile. 

1530 PatsGr. 506/2 These Yrisshe men darte best, or 
throwe a darte best of all men. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World 
i. 370 One Laodocus in darting. 1662 J. Davies tr. 
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 72 They pursue her [the whale] and 
dart two or three times more at her. _ ; 

5. To move like a dart ; to spring or start with 
a sudden rapid motion; to shoot. Also fg. 

1619 FLetcHer False One u. i, Destructions darting from 
their looks, 178 Gisson Decl. & F. III. 1.119 They dart 


| away with the swiftness of the wind. 1794 Mrs. Rapcuirre 


Acontias (formerly supposed to be venomous | 


serpents) from their habit of darting upon their 
prey; =dart-serpent, -snake (see 8). 

1gsgt Percivat Sf. Dict., Tiro, a caste, dart, also a ser- 
pent called a dart..Acontias. 1607 TorseLt Serpents 
(1608) 696. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. (1670) 440 The Dart taketh 
his name from his swift darting or leaping upon a man to 
wound and kill him. 

+5. The fish otherwise called Dacr or DARE. 

1655 Mouret & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 271 
Daces or Darts, or Dares, be of.. good Nourishment. 

b. Short for dart-moth: see 8. 

6. [f. the vb.] The act of darting; a sudden 
rapid motion. 

1721 R. Braptey Wks, Nat. 71 The first Dart they make 
at any thing. c1850 Arad, Nts. (Rtldg.) 306 A bird made 
a sudden dart from the air upon it. 1867 TrotLore Chron. 
Barset 11. li. 87 She rose quickly. .and prepared herself for 
a dart at the door. 

b. The act of casting a dart or pointed missile ; 
the range within which it may be thrown. 

1839 T. Beate Sperm Whale 180 With their harpoons 
held above their heads ready for the dart. /éid. 182 The 
whale continuing to descend the moment either of the boats 
got within dart of him. : 

7. Australian slang. Plan, aim, scheme. 

1887 Farrett How he died 20 Whose ‘ dart’ was to ap- 
pear the justest steward that ever hiked a plate round. 
1889 Botprewoon Xobbery under Arms (1890) 29 The 
great dart is to meee the young stock away from their 
mothers until they forget one another. 1890 Melbourne 
Argus g Aug. 4/2 When I told them of my ‘ dart’ some 
were contemptuous. ; 

8. Comb., as dart-caster; dart-holding, -shaped, 
-wounded adjs. ; dart-moth, a moth of the genus 
Agrotis, so called from a mark on the fore wing ; 
dart-sac, a hollow structure connected with the 
generative organs of some gastropods, from which 
the darts (2 b) are ejected; dart-serpent, dart- 
snake, a snake-like lizard of the genus Acontias 
(=Darr 4). 

isso Nicotts Thucyd. 118 (R.) A certaine nomber of 
slingers and *dart-casters. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 
ut lxviii, No fear of Death's *dart-holding hand. 1819 
G. SAMOUELLE Extomol. Compend. Index, *Dart-moths, 1848 
Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. 329 Agrotis segetum (the Dart 
Moth), and Agrotis exclamationis (the Heart and Dart 
Moth). 1870 RotLeston Anim. Life 49 Acylindrical hollow 
muscular organ, the “dart-sac. 1607 Torsett Serpents 
(1653) 697 Suddenly there came one of these *Dart- nts 
out of the tree, and wounded him. 1745 P. Tuomas Frné. 
Anson's Voy. 338 (C. Good Hope) The Eye-Serpent .. is 
also call'd sometimes the Dart-Serpent, from its dartin 
or shooting himself forward with t swiftness. 18: 
‘Toop Cyct. Anat. 1, 203/1 *Dart-s mandibles. 

J. Crayton in PAil. Trans. XVIII. 135 This I think 
may..be referred to the *Dart-Snakes. 1843 J. Dayman 
tr. Dante's Inferno xxiv. 154 Though pufisnake, dart- 
snake, watersnake, apse be ast. @ 1400-50 Alexander 
225 Hire bewte bitis in his brest..as he ware *dart-wondid, 

Dart (dait), v. [f. Darr sd.: cf. F. darder 
(15the.) from dard.] 

+1. trans. To pierce with a dart or other pointed 
weapon ; to spear, transfix. Also FR. Obs. 

¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus iv. 212 As the wilde bole .. 
ydarted to the herte. 1557 Zofted/’s Misc. (Arb.) 234 Till 

death shall darte him forto dye. 1624 Carr. SMITH 

Virginia u. 32 Staues like ynto Iauelins headed with bone. 

With these they dart fish swimming in the water. 1632 
Lrtucow Trav. x. 489 When death. .had darted King lames 
of matchlesse memory. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa Wks. 

1883 VI. 159 She. .darts dead at once even the embryo hopes 

of an encroaching lover. 1752 Bonn in PAiZ. Trans. XLVIL. 
43z [They] are never sure of darting a whale, till they are 
within a yard. 

2. To throw, cast, shoot (a dart or other missile). 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) Such other Iauelins as 
the Romans dartedatthem, 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's 


Myst. Udolpho xxvi, A thousand vague fears darted athwart 
her mind. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xiii,‘ No, no’, 
said little Ruth, darting up. 1885 Sfectator 18 July 950/1 
A deer darts out of the copse. 1886 Ruskin Preterita i 296 
The road got level againas it darted away towards Geneva. 

+Dartars. Os. Also darters. [Corruption 
of F. dartre: see DaRTRE.] A disease of sheep: 
see quots. 

1580 Well of Woman Hill, Aberdeen A iva, It perfytlie 
curis the exteriour scabbis, wyldefyre, darteris, and vther 
filthines of the skyn. 1587 Mascati Govt. Cattle, Sheepe 
(1627) 221 There is. .a certaine scab that runnes on the chinne 
which is commonly called of the shepheards the dartars. 
al Dict. Rust. (ed. 3), Chin-scab, a Scabby Disease in 
Sheep..commonly call'd The Darters. 1741 Compl. Fam. 
Piece ut. 496 There is a certain Scab on the Chin of Lambs 
at some Seasons, occasioned by their feeding on Grass 
covered with Dew; it is called by the Shepherds the Dartars ; 
which will kill a Lamb if not stopt. 

Darted (dautéd), f/. a. [f. Dart v. +-ED1.] 

+1. Pierced with, or as with, a dart ; punctured. 

c 1374 [see Dartv.1]. 1622 H.Sypennam Sevm. Sol. Occ. 
u. (1637) 161 With darted bosomes and imbalmed hearts. 
1763 Couunson in Phil. Trans. LIV. 67 Several darted 
twigs [i.e. pierced by insects] were .. carefully examined, 
and opene 

2. Thrown or shot as a dart; sent or put forth 
suddenly and rapidly. 

1669 Drypen 7yran. Love v.i, A darted Mandate came 
From that great Will which moves this mighty Frame. 
1672 — Cong. Gran. 1. i, The darted Cane. a1gix Ken 
Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 314 Darted Pray’r returns for 
darted Spight. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 935 With darted 
spikes and splinters, 

Darter (dastex). [f. Dart v.+-ER1.] 

1. One who throws or shoots darts; a soldier 
armed with a dart. 

1 Coorer Thesaurus s.v. Certus, Iaculis certus, a 
sure and cunning darter. 1 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 39% 
Appointing his Archers and Darters to hurl..their Darts.. 
to the tops of the Houses. a 1656 UssHer Ann. (1658) 730 
Having a strong guard of darters and slingers. 1820 Epce- 
wortH Mem. I, 199 He was called Jack the Darter. He 
threw his darts..to an amazing height. 1849 Grote Greece 
u. liii. VI. 520 To organise either darters or slingers. 

b. A harpooner. Oés. 

1724 R. Fatconer Voy. (1769) 8 The wounded Fish [dolphin] 
immediately flounces .. which the Darter observes, giving 
him Rope and Play. — 

2. A person or animal that darts or moves swiftly. 

1818 Byron Ch. Har. tv. Ixvii, The finny darter with the 
glittering scales. 

+3. =Danrt sé. 4, dart-snake. Ods. 

1607 TorseLt Serpents (1608) 696 Certain [ nts) in 
vepey ..- do leap upon men, as these darters a 1820 
W. Tooke tr. Lucian I. 96 I ble asps .. di 4 
cow-suckers and toads. 

4. a. English name of the genus P/otus or family 
Plotide of web-footed birds of the pelican tribe, 
with long neck and small head, found in parts of 
tropical Africa and America, and in Australia; so 
called from their way of darting on pase’ opt 

1825 Gore tr. Blumenbach’s Nat. Hist. v. 126 Anhinga, 
the Darter, P. ventre albo. 188: Manvitte Fenn Of to 
Wilds xxx. (1888) 210 ‘That curious water-bird, the darter, 
swimming with its body nearly subm , and its long, 
snaky neck, ready to dart its keen bill with almost lightning 
rapidity at the tiny fish upon which it fed. 

b. pl. The ep re fgets in Macgillivray’s 
classitication of birds, hag aap 4 the kingfishers, 
bee-eaters, and jacamars ; from their habit of dart- 

their prey. 


ing u 

5. name for various fishes; esp. the small 
fresh-water fishes constituting the N. American 
subfamily Ztheostomine of the family Percidw, 
which dart from their retreats when disturbed. 

1884 Goove Fisheries of U. S. 417 Darters are found in all 
fresh waters of the United States east of the Rocky Moun- 
tains. 1887 C, C. Apuort Waste-Land Wand. vii. 210 There 


DARWINIANISM. 
Sil of Gn epuciae-tty conmmon ceavalated Garter 7 


(da-stin), 752. sd. [-1nG1.] The action 
of the verb Darr, q.v.; throwing or shooting of 
darts, etc. ; rapid movement as of a dart, etc. 
1565-73 Cooper 7%. pus iaculatori: 
where men exercise 
Glances, and Dartings of the 
Voy. u. (1711) 220 Their Fishi 
Darts are : 1756 Mounsey in Phil. 
Trans. 1, 21 Pain on the stomach. .with dartings inwardly. 
1839 T. Beate Sperm Whale 161 They then make use of 


us, Camp ius, a fielde 
. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 944 Sudden 
Eye. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late 

ordinarily is darting, their 


the lance either by dart 4 
_Darting a Lowey That dats’ (000 
ie verD). 


1. trans. Shooting darts; shooting or casting 
forth like a dart. 

1606 Suaxs. Ant. & Cl. m1. i. 1 Now darting Parthya art 
thou stroke. 1634 Mitton Comus 753 Love-darting eyes. 
—_ Loner. Burial of Minnisink vii, With darting eye 

B) < 

2. intr. Moving or shooting swiftly like a dart. 

1664 Everyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 197 The sudden dartin; 
Heat of the Sun. Tennyson Enid 1318 They vanish'd 
panic-stricken, like a Of darting fish. 

Hence Da‘rtingly adv., Da‘rtingness. 

1674 N. Farrrax Bulk & Selv. 129 When we give a darting- 
ness to outcasts [i. e. missiles). 1846 Worcester, Dartingly. 

Dartle (dat'l), v. rave. [A modern dim. and 
iterative of Darr v.: cf. sparkle] To dart or 
shoot forth repeatedly (¢rans. and intr.). 

1855 Browninc My Star, My star that dartles the red 
and the blue. 1893 Atheneum 18 Mar. 346/2 He. .showed 
me the chestnut logs which spit and pias the bitch logs 
which smoke and moulder. 


Dartless, a Without a dart. 
1769 S. Paterson Another Trav. 11. 184. 
‘rtman. A soldier armed with a dart. 

1605 Sytvester Du Bartas u. iii. Vocation Without 
an aime the Dart-man darts his speare. 1838 THirtwaci 
Greece 11. xix. 98 Archers and dartmen. 

id (dattoid), a. Anat. [mod. f. Gr. 


dapr-ds Dantos+-omp.] Like or of the nature of 
the dartos. 

1872 F. G. Tuomas Dis. Women (ed. 5) 635 The dartoid 
sacs of the labia majora. 1890 THane £/Jis’ Anat. (ed. 11) 
445 The subcutaneous layer in the scrotum ..is named the 


dartoid tissue, 

|| Dartos (da-stgs). Anat. [mod. a. Gr. daprds 
flayed, excoriated, verbal adj. of deipew to flay.] 
The layer of connective and unstriped muscular 
tissue immediately beneath the skin of the scrotum. 

1634 T. Jounson rag’ ha Ci postesg 2 119 The epididymis or 
dartos. 1875 Fiunt Phys. Man V. 314 A loose, reddish, 
contractile tissue, called the dartos, which forms two distinct 
sacs, one enveloping each testicle. 

e (dautor). [F. dartre, of doubtful ety- 
mology: see Diez, Littré, and Dict. des Sciences 
Med. XXV. 648. For an earlier adoption of the 
word into Eng., see DarTars.] A vague generic 
name for various skin diseases, en herpes ; also, 
a scab or the like formed in such di 

1829 BATEMAN Synopfs. Cutan. Dis. (ed. 7) Pref. 15 The 
dartres..are said to be of seven kinds. 1 Goon Study 
Med.(ed. 4) 1V. 481 The proper meaning of dartre, or tetter, 
is herpes. x Sir C. pamoreE Med. Visit Grafenberg 
72 Boils and ‘ res’ formed near the seat of pain. 

Dartrous (da‘itras), a. [ad. F. dartreux, f. 
dartre: see prec.) Pertaining to or of the nature 
of dartre: applied to a peculiar diathesis. 

1839-47 Toop Cyc?. Anat. III. 190/2 Dartrous diseases of 
the skin. 1881 Pirrarp Therap. Skin 126 The rheumic or 
dartrous diathesis, as it is called in France, is the predispos- 
ing cause, I believe, of eczema, is, and pityriasis, 

artsman, ([f. darts = DarTMAN. 

1770 J. Ross you 34 on Friend 11 (MS.) Death—dread 
dartsman !.. May strike thee sudden in life’s blooming May. 

Darvis, obs. forms of DERvISH. 

Darwinian (datwi'niin), a. (sd.) [f. proper 
name Darwin + -1AN,] 3 

+1. Of or pertaining to Erasmus Darwin (1731- 
1802), and to his speculations or poetical style. 

1804 Edin. Rev. July 297 One objection. .to the Darwinian 
modulation with which Mr. Sotheby's versification is in- 
fected. 1842 Mrs. Browninc Bk, of Poets Wks. 1890 V. 
279 A broad gulf between his [Wordsworth’s] descriptive 
poetry and that of the Darwinian painter-poet school. _ 

2. Of or pertaining to the celebrated naturalist 
Charles Darwin (grandson of Erasmus Darwin, 
1809-1882), and to his scientific views or observa- 
tions, esp. his theory of the evolution of species : 
see DARWINISM 2. 

1867 (¢it/e) The Darwinian Theory of the Transmutation 

1881 Knowledge 9 Dec. 128/1 The principles 
will guide us in the choice of subjects will be Darwinian 

—to wit, nat} selection and the survival of the fittest. 
b. as sé. A follower of Charles Darwin; one 
who accepts the Dave ee a 
H Crit. & A ( ir. is 
1 ee orate Mier Wallece tor he bss less faith 
in the power of natural selection. t Athengwumt 29 Oct. 

566/1 Mr. Balfour is a practical Darwinian. 

Darwinianism. [f. prec. +-1sM-] / 

+1. Imitation of the style of Erasmus Darwin 
(see prec. 1). Obs. (monce-se.) : 

1804 Edin. Rev. July 297 We can substantiate our charge 


| of Darwinianism. 


DARWINISM. 


2. The Darwinian theory of evolution; =:Dar- 
WINISM 2; also, a Darwinian idiom or phrase. 

1883 E. M. Unperpown in WN. § Q. 13 Oct. 284/2, I know 
not if any one..has noticed a literary ancestor, to use a Dar- 
winianism, for that of Francis I after Pavia. 1893 Je Hi 
Sririnc (i¢Ze), Darwinianism: Workmen and Work. 

Darwinical, a. vare—°. =DARWINIAN 2. 
Hence Darwi'nically adv. : 

1864 Huxtey Lay Serm. (1870) 334 It is one thing to say, 
Darwinically, that every detail observed in an animal’s 
structure is of use to it [etc.]. 

Darwinism (da‘iwiniz’m). [-1sm.] 

+1. The doctrine or hypothesis of Erasmus 
Darwin. Obs. (nonce-use.) 

1856 B, W. Ricuarpson Life 7, Sopwith (1891) 256 Mr. 
Sopwith described the hypothesis of the development of 
living things from a primordial centre. That, said Reade, 
is rank Darwinism. It was the first time I had heard that 
word used. .it had reference to Erasmus Darwin. 

2. The biological theory of Charles Darwin con- 
cerning the evolution of species, etc., set forth 
especially in his works entitled ‘The Origin of 
Species by means of Natural Selection, or the pre- 
servation of favoured races in the struggle for life’ 
(1859), and ‘ The Descent of Man and Selection in 
relation to Sex’ (1871). 

1871 Atheneum 15 July 84 It is impossible to reconcile the 
Doctors of the Church with the Doctors of Darwinism. 
I Ray Lanxester tr. Haeckel’s Hist. Creation 1. 1 The 
scientific theory.. commonly called .. Darwinism, is only a 
small fragment of a far more comprehensive doctrine. 1889 
A. R. Wattace (¢t/e), Darwinism, An exposition of the 
theory of Natural Selection with some of its applications. 

So Da‘rwinist, a follower of Darwin, a Dar- 
winian. Darwini'stic a, of or pertaining to 
Darwinism. Da‘rwinize v.,to speculate or theorize 
after the manner of (Erasmus or Charles) Darwin. 

1883 Sci. § Lit. Gossip 1. 79 Interesting to every sincere 
Darwinist. 1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. § Darw. 292 Decisive 
in favour of Darwinistic views. _ 1882 A thenxum 27 May 
663/2 In connexion with Darwinistic explanations of ends. 
1880 Nature XXI. 246 Coleridge invented the term ‘ Dar- 
winising’ to express his contempt for the speculations of the 
elder Darwin. 1886 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 435 Darwinizing 
sociologists. _ ey 

Darwinite (daiwinoit), sd.1(@.) [1re.] 

A. sb. A follower of Charles Darwin; a Dar- 
winian. 

1862 /dlust. Lond. News XLI. 41/1 Here are Darwinites 
..reviving the doctrine of Lord Monboddo that men and 
monkeys are of the same stock. 1885 Athenwum 8 Aug. 
171/2 A wave of reaction against what we may term the 
caer winian of the Darwinites. 

adj, =DARWINIAN 2, 

1867 Kinostey Lez. in Life xxii. (1883) 280 Can you tell 
me where I can find any Darwinite lore about the develop- 
ment of birds? : 

Da‘rwinite, 53.2. Min. [Named by Forbes 
1861 after Chas. Darwin: see -1TE.] A synonym 
of WHITNEYITE. 1861 in Bristow Gloss. Min. 104. 

Dary, obs. form of Datry. 

|| Das (das). Also dasse. [Du. das =Ger. dachs, 
OHG. dahs:—WGer. *pahs, whence also med.L. 
taxus badger. In sense 1 retained by Caxton in 
his English version of Reynard; in sense 2 belong- 
ing to the Dutch of South Africa.] 

+1. A badger. Ods. 

1481 Caxton Reynard iv. (Arb.) 7 Tho spack Grymbart 
the dasse. /ézd. xvii. 39 The beres, the foxes, the cattes 
and the dassen. 

2. The daman or rock-badger of the Cape. 

1786 Sparrman Voy. Cape G. H. 309 Those little animals 
which. .by the colonists are called dasses or badgers. 18: 
W. H.R. Reap in Penny Cycl. XII. 419 (S.v. Hyrax) Its 
name at the Cape is the Dasse, which is, I believe, the 
Dutch for a badger. 1884 Woop in Sunday Mag. Nov. 719/1 
‘The most successful Das hunter. 

+ Dasart. Obs. rare. [f. dase, DAZE v.+-ARD: 
ef. MDu. dasaert (Oudemans), in Kilian daesaerd 
a fool.] A dazed, stupefied, or inert person; a 
dullard; =DasiperpD, Dastarp I. 

ax400 Minor Poems Vernon MS. 333 Ouur-al mai3t pou 
comen and go, Whon a Moppe dasart schal :ot so. 

+ Dascan, v. Sc. Obs. Also daskan, dascon. 
[perh. for Descant.] To ponder, consider. 

¢1579 Montcomerte Navigatioun 227 They daskand 
farther :—What if the Quene war deid? a@x600 Buret in 
Watson Coll. Sc. Poems 1. 45 (Jam.) Than did I dascan 
with my sell, Quhidder to heuin or unto hell, Thir persouns 
suld pertene. Litucow Trav. vit. 328 To dascon this, 
remarke, when they set land, Some this, some that, doe 
gesse, this Hill, that Cape. 

Dase, obs. form of Dacr, Daze. 

Dasel(1, obs. form of Dazzix. 

Dasewe: see DaswEN v. O65. 

Dasey, obs. form of Daisy. 

Dash (def),v.1 Forms: 3-4 dasse, 3-5 dasche, 
4 dassche, 4-6 dasshe, 4-7 dashe, 6- dash. 
[ME. daschen, dassen, found a@1300, perh. from 
Norse: cf. Sw. daska to drub, Sw. dial. to slap with 
open hand, Da. daske to beat, strike; but an ON. 
*daska is not recorded, and the word is not known 
in WGer. It may be a comparatively recent 
onomatopceic word, expressing the action and 
sound of striking or driving with violence and 


39 


smashing effect : cf. clash, crash, bash, pash, smash, 
etc. The ¢vans. and zntr. uses are exemplified 
almost equally early, and there is no definite 
evidence as to their actual order: cf. DusH v.] 


I. Transitive senses. 

1. To strike with violence so as to break into 
fragments; to break in pieces by a violent stroke 
or collision; to smash. Now generally with com- 
plement, as 40 dash to pieces; but the simple dash 
is still said of the action of wind or rain in beating, 
bruising, and disfiguring flowers or plants. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 51 ie pykes smyte hem poru out .. 
And daschte and a dreynte fourty schippes. /d7d. 540[Thei] 
with axes thuder come, & that 3at to hewe, & todasse. ¢ 1330 
Arth. & Merl. 9051 (Matz.) The hors chine he dassed a-to. 
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 63 [He was] al to dasshed 
so pat no ping obs body my3te be founde. 1593 SHAKS. 
2 Hen. V1, U1. ii, 98 The splitting Rockes..would not dash 
me with their ragged sides. 1610 — Zemf.1. ii. 8 A braue 
vessell .. Dash’d all to peeces. 1642 RoGers Naaman 142 
As if one should with his foote dash a little childs house of 
oystershels. 1748 Azson's Voy. u. i, 116 He fell amongst 
the rocks, and was dashed to pieces. 1847 TENNYSON Princ. 
v.132 Altho’ we dash’d Your cities into shards with catapults. 
1892 GARDINER Student's Hist. Eng.11 The waves had dashed 
to pieces a large number of his ships. Zod. The roses were 
beautiful, before they were so dashed by the wind and rain. 

b. To strike violently against. 

(Without implication of smashing.) 

1611 Cotcr., Zalemouser, to cuffe, or dash on the lips. 
1624 Aphor. of State in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IIL. 495 With 
the like thunderbolt, to dash the heads of the sacred Empire. 
1776 Gispon Decl. & F. I. xxv. 746 The oars of Theodosius 
dashed the waves of the Hyperborean ocean. 1843 J. Mar- 
tineau Chr. Life (1866) 349 Like brilliant islands .. vainly 
dashed by the dark waters of human history. 

2. To knock, drive, throw, or thrust (away, 
down, out, etc.) with a violent stroke or collision. 

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 344/147 And daschte pe tiez [=teeth] 
out of is heued. «a 1400-50 Alexander 3882 A brand anda 
bri3t schild bremely he hentis.. Dasches dragons doun. 
1592 SHAKS. Kove. §& Ful. W. iii. 54 Shall I not ..dash out 
my desperate braines. 1664°H. More Myst. Jnig, 268 It 
[rain] is naturally drunk in, not dash’d in by force. @1700 
Dryben (J.), The brushing oars and brazen prow Dash up 
the sandy waves. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth ii, Dashing from 
him the snake which was about to sting him. 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Manch., Strike x. 112 While she, dashing away 
her tears, looked for something to do. 

+b. To drive impetuously forth or out, cause to 
rush fogether. Obs. 

1523 Lp. Berners F7oiss. I. clvii. 191 Then thenglyshmen 
dashed forthe their horses after the frenchmen. did. I. 
ecexlii. 538 Lorde Langurant..couched his speare..and so 
dyde Bernarde, and dasshed to their horses. 1577-87 Houin- 
sHED Chron. II]. 922/2 The king .. pulled downe his visar 
..and dashed out such a pleasant countenance and cheere, 
that all..reioised verie much. 

3. To throw, thrust, drive, or impel (something) 
against, upon, into (something else) with a vio- 
lence that breaks or smashes; to impel (a thing) 
into violent and destructive contact with something: 
a. a solid body. (Also fig.) 

1530 Patscr. 507/1 He dasshed my heed agaynst the 
postes, 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 24 He foorthwith dashed 
his spurres into his horse and fled. 1614 Rareicu //ist. 
World u. 376 In so doing he dasheth himself against a 
notable Text. 1724 R. Fatconer Voy. (1769) 62 Lest another 
Wave should dash me against it [the rock]. 1820 ScorEspy 
Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 401 A violent storm of wind dashed her 
..stern first, against a floe ofice. 1861 HuGcHes Tom Brown 
at wef vii. (1889) 6x [He] dashed his right fist full against 
one of the panels. 

b. To splash (water or other liquid) violently 
upon or against something. 

1697 DryDvEN Virg. Georg. 1. 457 The Waves on heaps are 
dash'd against the Shoar. 1839 T. Beate Sferm Whale 
350 Dashing the salt water in our faces. 

+c. With reversed construction: Zo dash one 
in the teeth with (something) : to ‘cast it in one’s 
teeth’. Ods. (Cf. Cast v. 65.) 

1530 Patscr. 507/1, I dasshe one in the tethe with a lye or 
a glosynge tale, Fembouche ..What nedest thou to dasshe 
me in the tethe with the monaye thou haste lente me. 

4. To bespatter or splash (a thing) w7t anything 
(e.g. water or mud) cast with force or violence 
upon or against it. 

1530 PatsGr. 507/r, I dasshe, I araye with myer, Ye crotte. 
Your horse hath all to dasshed me. 1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. 
Wks. vi. (1851) 268 The Sea. .came rowling on, and without 
reverence both wet and dash’d him. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy, 
11. (1711) 166 Some Whales blow Blood to the very last. .and 
these dash the Men in the Long-boats most filthily. 1785 H. 
Watro.e Mod. Gardening (R.), Vast basins of marble dashed 
with perpetual cascades. 1875 Bepronp Sailor's Pocket Bk. 
viii. (1877) 307 The face may be dashed with cold water. 
Jig. 162t Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. Pref., Some will dash you 
by the odious name of Puritan. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, 
Marie Magda. iii, Her sinnes did dash Ev’n God himself. 

b. To put out (fire) by dashing water upon it. 
r610 Suaks. Tem. 1. ii. 5 But that the Sea .. Dashes the 
fire out. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxvii, Rows of fire- 
buckets for dashing out a con: tion. 
ce. pa. pple. Marked as with splashes. 

1 Lyte Dodoens u. xliv. 202 Floures .. poudered or 
dashte with small spottes. bata Bewickx Brit. Birds 
(1847) I. 119 The top of the head, the back, and the tail 
black: the rump is with ash. 1850 Tennyson /7 
Mem. \xxxiii. 11 tulips dash’d with fiery dew. 1873 
Brack Pr. Thule xxvii. 452 The sea was dashed with a wil 
glare of crimson. 


DASH. 


5. To affect or qualify (anything) zw7th an ele- 
ment of a different strain thrown into it ; to mingle, 
temper, qualify, dilute zv7# some (usually inferior) 
admixture. Also fig. 

1546 Confut. N. Shaxton A. iii. (R.), Youre sermons dashed 
ful of sorowful teares and depesighings. 1586 CocAn Haven 
Health cvii. (1636) 108 Boyle them [fruit] againe with suf- 
ficient sugar, to dash them with sweet water. 1682 Sir 7. 
Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 40 Notable virtues are sometimes 
dashed with notorious vices. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 
v. 131 Vinegar..dashed with water. .is an Antidote against 
drunkenness. 1712 Appison Sect. No. 267 P8 To dash the 
Truth with Fiction. 1843 Lever ¥. Winton vi, Dash the 
lemonade with a little maraschino. 1853 TrENcH Proverbs 
141 The pleasures of sin. .are largely dashed with its pains. 

b. Coal-mining. To mix (fire-damp) with air 
till the mixture ceases to be inflammable. 

1851 GREENWELL Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 
21 Dashing Air.—Mixing air and gas together, until .. the 
mixture ceases to be inflammable. 

6. fg. To destroy, ruin, confound, bring to 
nothing, frustrate, spoil (a design, enterprise, hope, 
etc.) : cf. Zo smash. In 16-17th c. the usual word 
for the rejection of a bill in Parliament, and fre- 
quent in various applications; now Ods. exc. in 
to dash (any one’s) hopes. (Cf. next.) 

1528 Beggar's Petit. agst. Popery in Select. Harl. Mise. 
(1793) 153 He shall be excommunicated, and then be all his 
actions dashed! 1563-87 Foxe A. § J/. (1596) 169 All the 
hope of Anselme was dasht.. @1577 Sir T. SmituH Comonw. 
Eng. (1633) 92 As the cry of yea or no is bigger so the Bill 
is allowed or dashed. 1627 Drayton Agincourt 4 A warre 
with France, must be the way To dash this Bill. a@ 1656 Br. 
Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 59 Those hopes were no sooner con- 
ceived than dasht. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 157 So the 
design was wholly dashed. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes iv. 
214 ‘To dash what arguments may be brought from hence. 
1840 Chartist Circular No. 5. 225 This dashes the bit-by-bit 
system [of reform]. 1861 Pearson Early & Mid, Ages Eng. 
143 Dunstan’s hopes were again dashed by the news of 
Edward’s death. 

7. To cast down, depress; to daunt, dispirit, dis- 
courage. 

1550 CovERDALE Sir. Perle v, How small soever their 
temptation or plague is, their heart is dashed. 1579 L. ‘Tom- 
son Calvin's Seri, Tim. 466/1 We shalbe all dasht that our 
prayers do but soare in the ayre. 1604 SHaxs. O¢h. m1. iii. 
214, I see, this hatha little dash’d your Spirits. 1676 DryDEN 
Aurengz. U. i, 524 Why did you speak? you've dash’d my 
Fancy quite. 179r Cowrer Odyss. 1x. 295 We, dash’d with 
terror, heard the growl Of his big voice. 1840 Dickens Old 
C. Shop xxvi, This discouraging information a little dashed 
the child. 1891 Miss Dowie Girl 7n Karp. 167 Somewhat 
dashed, we went down..to the spot where my horse had 
fallen with me. 

b. To confound, put to shame, abash. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § JZ. (1596) 1574/2 Frier Bucknham..was 
so dashed, that neuer after hee durst peepe out of the pulpit 
against M. Latimer. 1588 SHaks. ZL. LZ. Z. v. ii. 585 An 
honest man, looke you, and soon dasht. 1634 Mitton Comius 
447 Chaste austerity..that dashed brute violence With 
sudden adoration and blank awe. 1728 Vansr. & Cin. Prov. 
Husb. 1. i, The Girl .. has Tongue enough: she woa’nt be 
dasht. 1766 Forpyce Serm. Yung. Wom, (1767) 11. xiii. 246 
From her a..look..will dash the boldest offender. 1860 
Trencu Sern. Westin, Abbey x.108 Dashed and abashed as 
no doubt for a moment she was. ‘ 

+e. Phr. Zo dash (a person) out of countenance 
(concett, courage). Obs. 

1530 Patscr. 507/1, I dasshe out of countenaunce or out 
of conceyte, Ye rens confus. 1576 FLEMING Panofl. Epist. 
162 Your deerest friends ..damnified, and dashed out of 
courage. 1598 GRENEWEY 7Zacitus’ Ann. m1. xiv. (1622) 85 
Cause sufficient, to haue dasht the best practised out of 
matter. 1617 Hieron Ws. (1619-20) II. 408 It would dash 
him quite out of countenance. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison 
I. xi. 61 In order to dash an opponent out of countenance 
by getting the laugh instead of the argument on his side. 

8. To put down on paper, throw off, write, or 
sketch, with hasty and unpremeditated vigour. 

1726 Woprow Corr. (1843) III. 234 Please dash down any- 
thing that is proper for me to help. 1728 Pore Dave. 11. 47 
Never was dash’d out, at one lucky hit, A fool, so just a copy 
ofawit. 177% Foote Maid of B. Epil. Wks. 1799 II. 201 His 
ready pen he drew, And dash’d the glowing satire as he flew. 
I Tennyson Princ. tv. 121 Ourself..into rhythm have 
dash'd The passion of the prophetess. /é¢d. v. 414 Then 
came a postscript dash’d across the rest. 1859 KINGSLEY 
Misc. (1860) 11. 15 The impressions of the moment. .dashed 
off with a careless but graceful pen. 

9. To draw a dash through (writing); to strike 
out, cancel, erase, efface. Now rare or Obs. 

1549-62 STERNHoLD & H. Ps. Ixix. 29 And dash them 
cleane out of the booke of hope. 1576 FLeminc Panofi/. 
Efist. 80 A faulte in writing is dashed out with a race of the 
penne. 158r Sipney As¢r. § Sted/a |. in Arb. Garner I. 528 
And now my pen these lines had dashed quite. 1607 Topr- 
sELL Four. Beasts (1673) 212 Before the snow be melt, and 
the footings dashed. 1670 Woop Zz/ (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 
199 He would correct, alter, dash out or put in what he 
pleased. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. I. 454 She took a pen 
and dashed out the words. 

b. To draw (a pen) vigorously ¢hrough writing 
so as to erase it. 

1780 Cowrer Table T. 769 To dash the pen through all 
that you proscribe, 

O. To mark with a dash, to underline. 

1836 T. Hook G. Gurney I. 17 The infinite pains I took to 
dash and underline the points. 1871 Atheneum 13 May 583 
He did so dash his initials at the end of letters. 

ll. slang. or collog. Used as a euphemism for 


‘damn’, or as a kind of veiled imprecation. 


DASH. 
1812 H. & — Rej. Addr. G. Barnwell, Dash my 
i el and lam her well. 


igs, be eo Wo u 
Sohn ‘hawbacon ii. in Halliwell Dict. (1865) I. p. xv, Dash 


my buttons, Moll—I’ll be darn’d if I know. 1852 Dickens 
Bleak Ho. Il. i. 7 Dash it, Tony .. you really ought to be 
careful. 1865 — M/ut. Fr. u. viii, Dashed if fiteens 


II. Intransitive senses. 

12. To move, fall, or throw itself with violence or 
smashing effect; to strike in violent collision 
against (upon, etc.) something else. 

C1305 Saints’ Lives in E.E. P. (1862) 80 pat weber bigan 
to glide .. per hit gan dasche adoun .. Ac in be norp half of 
pe churche. .ber ne ful no3t a reynes drope. c 1400 Melayne 
964 Dede he daschede to the grounde. 1638 Baker tr. 
Balzac’s Lett. 11. 43 In my way there are..many stones to 
dash against. 1694 Acc. Sev. date Voy. 11. (1711) 168 The 
Whale. .doth strike about with his Tail and Finns, that the 
Water dasheth up like Dust. 1724 R. Fatconer Voy. 
(1769) 62 The Tempest was very much abated, and the 
Waves not dashing so often. 1842 Tennyson Day-dream, 
The Revival ii, And all the i a 3 stream of life Dash'd 
downward in a cataract. _ . Peacock N. Brendon Il. 
418 The full force of the Atlantic is dashing on the cliffs. 
Jig. 1638 D. Featiey Strict. Lyndom. 1. 102 Lyes dash 
one with the other, and truth breakes out of the mouth of 
the lyar. ; : 

13. Of persons: To throw oneself with violence, 
such as would overthrow obstacles or resistance ; 
to go, run, or rush with sudden impetuosity, or 
with spirited or brilliant action. Also fig. (Const. 
with var. preps. and advbs.) 

¢1300 K. Adis. 2837 The gate..up he brak ; In tothe cité 
he con dassche. ¢1330 Arth. & Merl. 6293 (MAtz.) Forth 
dassed the king. _a@1533 Lp. Berners //won lviii. 200 Y° 
sarazyns dasshed in to the prese to haue rescued Huon. 
a Pleas. Quippes Upstart Gentlw. in Hazl. E. £. 7. 
1V. 258 Our wantons now in coaches dash, From house to 
house, from street to street. 1682 Drypen Ads. & Achit. 
u. 414 Doeg..Spurred boldly on, and dashed through thick 
and thin, Through sense and nonsense. 1794 Mrs. Rapcuirre 
Myst. Udolpho xviii, Dashing at the steps below. 1823 
Byron ¥uan vii. liv, [He] Dash’d on like a spurr'd blood- 
horse ina race. 7“ Morris Earthly Par. 111. 1v. 377 [He] 
rode on madly..Dashed through the stream and up the 
other bank. 1886 Ruskin Preterita I. vii. 230 To leave 
her card on foot at the doors of ladies who dashed up to 
hers in their barouche. 1 GarpineR Student's Hist. 
Eng. 11 Czesar..dashed at his stockade and carried it by 
storm. 

b. Said of action with pen or pencil. 

@ 1680 Rocuester An Allusion to Horace (R.), With just 
bold strokes he dashes here and there, Showing great 
mastery with little care. 

+14. To clash. Oés. 

c 1325 Coer de L. 4615 Trumpes blewen, tabours dashen. 

15. collog. To make a display, ‘cut a dash’; 
dash off, out, to burst off, come out, with a dash. 

1786 Francis, the Philanthr. 1.159 Bidding fair to dash 
out, when he was qualified by manhood and experience. 
1800 HeLena We tts Const. Neville I11. 68 He intended to 
dash off as a star of the first magnitude in the circles of 
fashion. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) III. 215 That 
blade dashes most confoundedly. .he is a ee 8 fellow, to 
be sure. 1807-8 W. Irvine Sa/mag. (1824) 290 Every lady 
. dresses and dashes. 

III. 16. Comb. a. with verb + object, as 
+dash-buckler, a swaggering fellow, swash- 
buckler; b. with the verb-stem used attrib., as 
dash-pot, a contrivance for producing gradual 
descent in a piece of mechanism, consisting of a 
cylinder or chamber containing liquid in which 
a piston moves; a hydraulic buffer ; dash-wheel 
(see quot.). See also DASH-BOARD. 

1567 Fenton 7 rag. Disc. 123b, A traine of *dashbucklers 
or squaring tospottes. 1861 Sci. Amer. 30 Mar. 196/2 The 
** dash pot’ which Watt invented to graduate the descent of 
the puppet valve into its seat. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 666 
s.v. Cut-off, To seat them without slamming, the valve-stems 
are provided with dash-pots. J/did.,*Dash-wheel. (Bleach- 
sah A wheel with compartments revolving partially in 
a cistern, to wash and rinse calico in the piece, by alter- 
nately dipping it in the water and then dashing it from side 
to side of the compartments. 

Dash, v.?: see after DasH sb.2 

Dash (def), 5.1 Forms: 4 dasch, 5-6 dasshe, 
6 dasche, dashe, 6- dash. [f. Dasu v.] 

1. A violent blow, stroke, impact, or collision, 
such as smashes or might smash, 

(With quot. 1577 cf. Dasu v. 2.) 

a1375 Lay-Folks Mass-Bk. App. iv. 351 Wip his hed he 
yaf a dasch A3eyn pe Marbelston. —— Matory Arthur 
x. Ixxix, Syr Ector. .gaf sire Palomydes suche a dasshe with 
aswerd, 1577-87 Hoxinsuep Chron, III. 1153/2 He offered 
to hir his cloke, which she (putting it backe with hir hand 
with a good dash) refused. W. Wacker /diomat. 
Anglo-Lat. 22 Let me alone, or I will give you a dash on 
the teeth. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 258 The 
water, falling from a height .. and meeting in the passage 
with many dashes and interruptions. 1727-46 THomson 
Summer 1114 The dash of poe or irritating war Of fight- 
ing winds. 1858 Lytton What will he do? 1, v, Whistling 
..in time to the dash of the gars. 

+2. fig. in phrases at (the) first dash, at one (or 
a) dash: cf. stroke, blow (F. coup). Obs. 

1850 Bate Afol. 37 (R.) He heapeth me in, an whole halfe 
leafe at a dash, out of Saynt Augustyne. xg9x Suaks. 
t Hen. VJ,1, ii. 7x She takes vpon her brauely at first dash. 
1627 H. Lusty Serm. bef Majesty 4 Wee are not made 
absolute entire Christians at the first dash. 1681 W. Rosert- 
son Phraseol, Gon. nto 753 What? At first dash so to jear 
and frump your frien 1699 W. Hacks Voy. u.9 In.. 
danger, to lose both our Lives and all our substance at one 


40 


dash. 19710 Acc. Last Distemp. Tom Whigg 1. 48 De- 
igning to immortalize himself and his Patron at a Dash. 

“t 3. fig. A sudden blow or stroke that casts down, 

confounds, depresses, dispirits, etc.; an affliction, 


discou ent. Ods. 
1580 Afol, Prince of Orange in Phanix (1721)1. 450 That 
the Course of his Life be found blessed.. without any dash, 


blow, stumbling. . 1629 RutHerrorp Left. v. (1862) I. 4% 
I have received many..dashes and heavy strokes, since the 
Lord called me to the ministry. 1637 /é7d. 1. 287 The glory 
of manifested justice in giving of His foes a dash. 1730 T. 
Boston Mem. vii. 134 This gave me a sore dash. 

4. The violent throwing and breaking of water 
(or other liquid) upon or against anything; a splash; 
a sudden heavy fall of rain; +concr. a portion of 
water splashed up. 

1570 Levins 35/5 A dashe, /abes, aspersio. 1612 T. TAYLOR 
Comm. Titus i. 8 To giue her harbour .. till the dash and 
storme be ouer. 1677, W. Haris tr. Lemery's Chym. (ed. 3) 
602 During the ebullition..a great many little dashes 
water do fly about. ax1zoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v. 
Gust, We say a Dash of Rain, for a sudden, short, impetuous 
Beat of Rain. 1804 Med. Frni. XII. 247 Dr. Macneil 
seems, .to think the sponging is better than the dash. 1848 
Mrs. Gasket. M. Barton (1882) 12/1 ‘ He’s coming round 
finely, now he’s had a dash of cowd water.” 

b. The sound of dashing; esp. the splashing 
sound of water striking or being struck. 

1784 Cowrer 7ask 1. 186 Music not unlike The dash of 
Ocean on his winding shore. 1820 Scott A dbot xxxv, Why 
did ye not muffle the oars?.. the dash must awaken the 
sentinel. x ; 

5. a. A small portion (of colour, etc.) as it were 


dashed or thrown carelessly upon a surface. 


1713 Berketey Ess, in Guardian v. Wks. II. 161 The | 


rosy dashes of light which adorn the clouds of the morning 
and evening. 1884 J.T. Bent in Macm. Mag. Oct. 426/1 
Syra is almost entirely a white town, relieved now and again 
by a dash of yellow wash. 

b. A small quantity (of something) thrown into 
or mingled as a qualifying admixture with some- 
thing else ; an infusion, touch, tinge. Usually fig. 

1611 Suaks. IWint. 7. v. ii. 122 Now (had I not the dash 
of my former life in me) would Preferment drop on my head. 
1678 Cupwortu /xtel/. Syst. 892 A thing .. not sincerely 
good, but such as hath a great dash or dose of evil blended 
with it. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 293 It makes most 
delicate Punch; but it must have a dash of Brandy to 
hearten it. 1712 Appison Sect. No. 299 P 2, I .. resolved 
that my Descendents should have a Dash of good Blood in 
their Veins. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch-Bk. 1. 335 There was 
a dash of eccentricity and enterprize in his character. 

+e. Aslight specimen, atouch; =Casts/.9. Ods. 

a 1672 Woop Life (1848) 161 He gave A. W.a dash of his 
office. 

6. A hasty stroke of the pen. 

1615 STEPHENS Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 414 And thus by meere 
chaunce with a little dash I have drawne the picture of 
aPigmey. a1656 Be. Hart Rem. Wks. (1660) 310 With one 
dash to biot it out of the holy Calender. 1691 Ray Creation 
1, (1704) 41 That this was done by the temerarious dashes of 
an unguided Pen. ~ Macxintosu Def. Peltier Wks. 1846 
III. 246 Fifty Imperial towns have been erased from the list 
of independent states, by one dash of the pen. 

7. A stroke or line (usually short and straight) 
made with a pen or the like, or resembling one so 
made: sfec. @ Such a mark drawn through writ- 
ing for erasure. b. A stroke forming part of a 
letter or other written or printed character, or used 
as a flourish in writing. @. A horizontal stroke of 
varying length (—, ——, ) used in writing 
or printing to mark a pause or break in a sentence, 
a parenthetic clause, an omission of words or letters 
or of the intermediate terms of a series, to separate 
distinct portions of matter, or for other purposes. 
da. Mus. A short vertical mark (') placed above 
or beneath a note to indicate that it is to be per- 
formed staccato. ©. A linear marking, as if made 
with a pen, on the wings of insects, etc. 

1552 Hutoet, Dashe or stryke with a penne, Zitura. 1 
Buunpevit £.xerc. 1. iv. (ed. 7) 12 ae cancelled the first 
figure of the multiplyer, b: making a dash thorow it with 

your Pen. 1607 Dekker Westw. Hoe u. Wks. 1873 I. 297 

arke her dashes, and her strokes, and her breakings, and 
her bendings. 1612 Brinstey Ludus Lit. xiii. (1627) 177 
Making a dash with a pen under every fault. 1712 Appison 
Spect. No. 470 ® ro The Transcriber, who probably mistook 
the Dash of the I fora T. 1733 Swirt Poems, On Poetry, In 
modern wit all printed trash is Set off with num’rous breaks 
——and dashes——. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 
I. 406 The Dash, though often used improperly .. may be 
introduced with propriety, where the sentence breaks off 
abruptly..A dash following a stop, denotes that the pause 
is to ater than if the stop were alone. 1848 Rimpavur 
First Bk. Piano 63 The Dash requires a more separate and 
distinct manner of performance than the Point. 1880 Muir- 
HEAD Gaius Introd. 13 Passages that are illegible in the MS, 
. are indicated by dashes, thus — — —. 

8. A sudden impetuous movement, a rush; a 
sudden vigorous attack or onset. Also fe 

1809 Apm. Cocurane in Naval Chron. XXVI. 164 Our 
loss in this little dash has..been severe 1861 Hucnes Jom 
Brown at Oxf.v. (1889) 36 He. .made up his mind. .to make 
adash. .for ee than a mere —- acquaint- 
ance. 1885 Manch. Exam. 25 Feb. 5/2 The was suc- 
cessfully made across the desert to Metammeh. 

9. Spirited vigour of action ; capacity for prompt 
and —— action. 

1796 Mod. Gulliver’s Trav. 50, 1 began now to suspect 
I was with sharpers .. and correcting my dash, betted 


DASHEE. 


cautiously. 1808 WettincTon in Gurw. Desf, 1V. 95 The 
wiyegs seme ceensonst .. by the imprudence of the officer, 


courage 
10. A phe showy appearance, a parade : 


a display 
(see Cur v. 25), in Sc. to cast a dash. 

I Pennecuik Tweeddale 16 Large 
tovate-walie, anil their ee) ee oe 
dash ata distance. 1771 Foote Maid of B.1. Wks. 1799 I. 
213 The squire does not intend to cut a dash till the spring. 
a 1774 Fercusson Poems (1789) II. 3 (Jam.) Daft 3 
e ye come here..To cast a at Reikie’s cross? 

P. Parley's —_ poral is cn pons ag 5 
vin; nner- Ms 
Sta chchiccactak Ta 
_ on A race run in one heat. (U7. S.) 
1881 Standar They certaii ined .. 
the word ‘ dash’, Beg ont oh race Lege one oe 
12. =DasH-BoarRD I. a 
X in Knicut Dict. Me x! 
874 omy rong ech. 1893 () by an Oxford 

13. The Dasuer of a churn, esp. the plunger of 
the old upright or dash-churn; hence dash-boards, 
the fixed beaters in a barrel-churn. 

1847 in HaLtiweLi. 1877 in V. W’. Linc. Gloss. 

14. Comb. dash-guard, the metal plate which 
protects the platform of a tram-car from being 
splashed by the horses; dash-lamp, a carriage 
lamp fixed in the centre of the dash-board or 
‘dash’; +dash-line=DasuH sb. 7; dash-rule 
(Printing), a ‘rule’ or strip of metal for printing 
a dash across a column or page. Also DasSH-BOARD. 

1684 R. H. School Recreat. 120 The dash Lines . . above 


| and below, are added only when the Notes ascend above the 


pari or descend below it. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dash- 
rule. 

|| Dash, sé.2 [Corruption of Dasnrr, through 
taking the pl. dashees as dashes.) A gift, present, 
gratuity ; = DASHEE. 

1788 Fatconsripce A/*. Slave Tr. 7 The Kings of Bonny 
.. to whom .. they usually make presents (in that country 
termed dashes). 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Dash, the 
present with which bargains are sealed on the coast of 
Africa. 1881 Mem. Geo. Thomson ix. 119 We called in the 
head man and gave hima dash proportioned to the kindness 
with which he had received us. 

Hence Dash v., to give a present to, to ‘tip’. 

1861 Du Cuanu Eguat. A/*. xiii. 191, 1..offered to dash 
him (give him some presents). 1881 Alem. Geo. Thomson 
x. 139 The head man had ed hima hog. 

Dash, adv. [The stem of Dasu v. used ad- 
verbially: cf. dang, crash, etc.] With a dash: see 
the various senses of the sb. and vb. 

1672 Vituiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal ui. i. (Arb.) 67 
T’other’s. .at him again, dash with a new remap @ 1700 


Drypben (J.), The waters .. with a murmuring sound, 


| dash, upon the ground, To gentle slumbers call. 1787 
it 


*G. Gamsavo’ Acad. Horsemen (1809) 22 Fall in w 
a hackney coach, and he [a horse] will carry you slap dash 
against it. J/od, The boat went dash against the rocks. 

Da‘sh-board. [f. Dasu v. and sé. + Boarn.] 

1. A board or leathern apron in the front of a 
vehicle, to gone mud from being splashed by 
the heels of the horses upon the interior of the 
vehicle. Also, movable sides to a cart for the 
same pepo (Halliwell). 

my nc Wand. India 172 He fell asleep, his feet over 
the board, and his head resting on my shoulder. 1882 
Miss Brapvon A/nt. Royal 1. 7 If you fasten the reins 
to the dashboard, may trust Felix. 

2. The spray-board of a paddle-wheel. 

8. Arch. A sloping board to carry off rain-water 
from the face of a wall. 

1881 Every Man his own Mechanic § 1298 A piece of 
wood attached to the face of the wall at an angle and called 
a dash-board. 

4. Inachurm: see DasH 56.1 ¢: 

Dash-buckler: see Das v. III. 

Dashed (def), gt a. [f. Dasu v.+-ED1.] 

1. Struck violently against or by something ; 
splashed ; mingled, tempered, etc.: see the verb. 

1646 Crasnaw Steps to Temple Poems 53 Torn skulls, and 
dash’d out brains. 1647 H. More Song of Soud un. App. 
Ixvii, Their dashéd bodies welter in the weedy scum. a 
Town & Country Mag. 88 Half a dozen glasses of dashed 
wine. 1879 Eapeey ote Sept. 1126/2 Seeing it [the garden] 
present a more or less appearance. 

2. Marked with a dash, underlined. 

Darwin in Life & Lett. ome II. 154 Your dashed 
‘induce’ gives the idea that Lyell had unfairly urged 


Murray, ‘ ‘ 

3. slang or collog. A euphemism for ‘damned 
(see DASH v. 11). Hence Da‘shedly adv. 

188: W. E. Norris Matrimony III. 300 A dashed pack 
of quacks and swindlers, 1888 J. Payn Prince of Blood 1, 
xi. 187 He would find himself dashedly mistaken, 

|| Da‘shee, s/. Also 8 dasje. [Given by Atkins, 
1723, in a List of ‘ Negrish words’ u on the 
Guinea Coast.] A gift, present, gratuity. 7 

Hence Dashee v., to bestow a dashee on, to ‘tip’. 

1705 BosMaN Guinea (1721) 450 After giving them their 
Dasje or Present, I dealt with them for the Ivory. 1723 
J. Arxins Voy. Guinea (1735) 60 The Negrish Language 
alters a little in Kt ome Negrish words .. Attee ho, 
TON eo 2 te Zbid. b4 There isa Dashee expected before 

: etc. r ereis a c 
Shige com wood and water here. /éid. Dos The Fetish . whom 


DASHEL. 


they constantly Dashee for Health and Safety. id. 169 
That Captain. .had..dashee’d his Negro Friends to go on 
board and back it. 4 
+Da‘shel. Ods. In6 dasshel(l. [f. Dasu v. 
+-EL 1, -LE instrumental, as in ¢hreshel, handle.] 
A brush for sprinkling holy water; an aspergillum. 
1502 phe ts Se Moore (Somerset Ho.), A Holy Water pott 
cum le dashell. 1540 Juv. of Plate in Greene Hist.Worcester 
- IL App. 5 A. holy water tynnell of selver and gylte, and 
a dasshel to the same, selver and gylte. 


Dasher (dz‘fo1). [-rr1}.] 


1. A person who dashes; sfec. one who ‘cuts’ 


a dash’; adashing person; a ‘fast’ young woman 
(collog.). 

1790 Dispin Sea Songs, Old Cunwell (Farmer), My Poll, 
once a dasher, now turned to a nurse. 1802 Mar. Epcr- 
wortH Almeria (1832) 292 She was astonished to find in high 
life a degree of vulgarity of which her country companions 
would have been ashamed ; but all such things in high life 
go under the general term of dashing. These young ladies 
were dashers. 1807 W. Irvine Salmag. (1824) 361 To charter 
a curricle for a month, and have my cypher put on it, as is 
done by certain dashers of my acquaintance, 1887 PalZ 
Mail G. 23 Nov. 3/2 The fast married woman of fashion.. 
the unmarried dasher of the same species. 

2. That which dashes; sec. the contrivance for 
agitating the cream in a churn. 

1853 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. X1V.1. 74 The old-fashioned 
barrel-churn, the dashers of which are fixed. 1872 O. W. 
Howmes Poet Breakf.-t. i. (1885) 26 The empty churn with 
its idle dasher. 

3. =DasH-BoarD I. U.S. 

1858 O. W. Hotes Oxe-hoss Shay, Boot, top, dasher, 
from tough old hide. 1859 — Prof. Breakf.-t. i. (1891) 14 
By no means. .to put their heels through the dasher. 

4. Applied to a hunting-cap. 

1802 Sporting Mag. XX. 314 Two new pair of Cordovan 
boots..and a black velvet dasher from the cap-maker. 

5. A dashing attempt, movement, etc. co//og. 

1884 Punch 18 Oct. 186/1 Drop your curb, pluck up heart, 
And go at it a dasher ! 


Dashing (de'fin), 737. sd. [-1NG1.] 
1. The action of the verb Dasu (q.v.), in various 


senses. 

1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Heurtement, a dash- 
ing, astriking. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 47 This 
Ice becometh very spungy by the dashing of the Sea. 1805 
Soutney Madoc in W. xvii, The dashing of the oars 
awaken’d her. 1820 Hazutr Lect. Dram. Lit. 15 The roar 
and dashing of opinions. 

2. Splashing; concr. a dash or splash (of mud, 
etc.) ; plaster dashed or laid roughly upon a wall ; 


fig. aspersion. 

rggt Percivatt Sf. Dict., Salpicaduras, dashings, con- 
spersiones, 1598 Fiorito, Zaccarélle..dashings or spots of 
durt or mire. 1635 FULLER Ch. Hist. v. iv. § 24 There isno 
dashing on the credit of the Lady, nor any the least insinua- 
tions of inchastity. 1809-12 Mar. Epcewortu Adsentee ix, 
The dashing was off the walls, no glass in the windows. 

8. collog. The action of ‘ cutting a dash’; showy 
liveliness in dress, manners, etc. 

1802 [see DAsHER 1]. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. 11.11 Mere 

ips of popularity—mere dots of dashing. a1847 Mrs. 
aeecos Lady of Manor |. ix. 381 That most tasteless and 
disgusting style of manners which for some years past has 
obtained the name of dashing ; by which term is generally 
understood all that is ungracious, ungenteel, and repulsive. 

4. Comb. dashing-iron, the iron frame by which 
the dash-board is fixed to the carriage ; dashing- 
leather, a leathern dash-board. 

184 Hoox Martha, They slipped over the dashing iron 
between the horses. 1 W. Fetton Carriages (1801) 
I. 206 A dashing leather is fixed on the fore part of a Carriage, 
to prevent the dirt splashing against the passenger. 

Dashing, #//. ¢. [-1nc2.] 

1. That dashes; that beats violently against some- 
thing ; splashing. . 

c1325 E. E. Aliit. P.C. 312 Py stryuande stremez. .Inon 
duaksats dam, dryuez me ouer. 1628 Earte Microcosm., 
Tauerne (Arb.) 34 Like a street in a dashing showre. 1839 
T. Beate Sferm Whale 391 The howling winds and dash- 
ing waves. ‘ F : 

. Characterized by prompt vigour of action; 
spirited, lively, impetuous. 

1796 Br. Watson Afol. Bible 271 Even your dashing 
Matthew could not be guilty of such a blunder, 1796 Burke 
Lett. noble Ld. Wks. 1842 11. 267 In the dashing style of 
some of the old declaimers. 1874 GrEEN Short Hist. ii. § 7. 
95 A bold, dashing soldier. 189r E. Peacock NV. Brendon 

. 8 He drove away at a dashing pace. 

3. Given to fashionable and striking display in 
manners and dress ; that is a ‘ dasher’. 

r80r Mar. Epcewortu Belinda xix, Mrs. Freke..was 
a dashing, fashionable woman. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. 
II. 39 She had two dashing daughters, who dressed as fine 
as dragons. 

b. ¢ransf. Of things: 
stylish, ‘ swell’. 

1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris(ed. 5) 75 The dashing colonnade 
of the Garde Meuble. 1847 Dr Gone Sp. Mil, Nun vi. 
(1853) 12 A dashing pair of Wellington trousers. : 

Dashingly (de‘finli), ado. [-ty2.] In a 
dashing manner or style. 

1803 Cuatmers Let. in Lifé (1851) I. 476 They were deter- 
mined to go dashingly to work. 1837 HAwTHORNE Twice 
Told Tales (1851) I. xvi. 25 In a smart chaise, a dashingly 
dressed gentleman and lady. be a Dasent Ann. Eventful 
a 4) iii, 69 None of that dashingly destructive 
worl 


Vou. III. 


Fashionably showy ; 


41 


+ Darshism. Ods. nonce-wd. The character of 
having deh or being a ‘dasher’. 

1788 V. Knox Winter Even. xxviii. (R.), He must fight 
aduel, before his claim to complete heroism, or dashism, can 
be universally allowed. 

Dash-pot, Dash-wheel: see Dasu vz. III. 

Dashy (de’fi), a. [f. DasH v. and sd. + -y.] 

1. Showy, ostentatiously fashionable, stylish ; 
= Dasuine Al. a. 3, 3b. _collog. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 399 New rugs, with swans and 
leopards, all so dashy. 1835 /vaser’s Mag. XII, 186 Dashy 
suburban congregations. Fs 

2. Characterized by hastiness of execution. 

1844 Lp. Broucuam A. Luned III. v. 147 The style was.. 
somewhat dashy, and here and there a little indistinct. 

3. Marked with dashes or strokes. somce-2se. 

1856 Dickens Left. (1880) I. 425 Many a hand[{writing] 
hee seen..some loopy, some dashy, some large, some 
small. 

+Dasiberd. Ols. Also dasy-, daysy-, 
dasa-, dose-, dosa-, dossi-, doziberd(e, dose- 
beirde. [The better form is prob. dasylerd = 
dazy-beard: see Dazy a. inert, dull. Méatzner 
compares LG, désbért, and the same notion ap- 
pears in Lowland Sc. dulbart, dulbert = dull-beard, 
dullard.] A stupid fellow, dullard, simpleton. 

c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 1707 Trusse the forth eke, sir Dasa- 
berde. 14.. Nowz. in Wr.-Wiilcker 694/22 Hic duribuccus, 
a dasyberd. 1468 Medulla Gram. in Promp. Parv. 114 
Duribuccus, pat neuer openep his moup, a dasiberde. ?a@1500 
Chester Pl. xii. 5 (MS. of 1592) There is a Doseberd [z. » 
Dosseberde] I wolde dear, That walkes about wyde-where. 
/bid. 94 Some other sleight I must espie This Dosaberd [v.7. 
Doziberde] for to destroy. 

Dasill, dasle, obs. forms of DazziE. 

Dasje, Daskand: see DASHEE, Dascan, 

Dasometer, bad form for DASYMETER. 

Dass, Sc. var. of Drss, layer, stratum, ledge. 

Dasse, var. Das; obs. form of DasH. 

Dassel(l, obs. form of Dazzir. 

|| Darssy. [ad. Du. dasje, dim. of das, Das.] 
The Cape daman, Hyrax capensis; =Das 2. 

rae Mrs. Hickrorp Lady Trader 106 A dassy, or rock 
rabbit. 

Dastard (dastaid), sd, and a. Also 6 daster. 
[Known only from 15th c. Notwithstanding its 
French aspect (cf. das¢ard) it appears to be of Eng. 
formation. The Promptorium identifies it in sense 
with dasiberde ; cf. also dasart, of kindred deriva- 
tion and meaning; these make it probable that the 
element dast is = dased dull, stupid, inert, f. dase, 
Daze; cf. other native formations with the suffix 
-ard, as dasart, drunkard, dullard, laggard, slug- 
gard.) A. sb. 

+1. One inert or dull of wit, a dullard ; a sot. Ods. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 111 Daffe, or dastard, or he pat 
spekythe not yn tyme, ovidurus. Ibid. 114 Dastard, or 
dullarde, duvibuctius (P. vel duribuccus) c1440 York 
Myst. xxxii. 88 What dastardis! wene ye be wee Pan we? 
1509 Barciay Shy of Folys (1570) 192 These dronken das- 
tardes..drinke till they be blinde. 1530 Pa.scr. 212/r 
Dastarde, estovrdy, butarin. 1552 Hutoet, Dastard, 
CXCOYS. .SOCOYS, VECOrS. : 

2. One who meanly or basely shrinks from danger ; 
a mean, base, or despicable coward ; in modern use, 
esp. one who does malicious acts in a cowardly, 
skulking way, so as not to expose himself to risk. 

[1470-85 Matory Arthur ix. iv, As a foole and a dastard 
to alle knyghthode.] 1526 SkELton Magny/. 2220 Thou 
false harted dastarde, thou dare not abyde. c1537 Thersites 
in Hazl. Dods/ey 1. 395, I shall make the dasters to renne 
into a bag, To hide them fro me. 1593 SHaks. Rich. //, 1. 
i. 190 Before this out-dar’d dastard. a 1661 FULLER Worthies 
(1840) III. 41 He was, though a dwarf, no dastard. 1715 Pope 
Jliad 1. 427 And die the dastard first, who dreads to die. 
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) II. 602/2 The greatest 
dastard and the meanest wretch in the world. 1808 Scott 
Marm., Lochinvar, A \aggard in love and a dastard in 
war. 1870 Bryant //iad I. 1. 52 What chief or soldier 
bears a valiant heart, And who are dastards. : 

B. adj. Characterized by mean shrinking from 
danger; showing base cowardice ; dastardly. 

c1489 Caxton Blanchardyn liv. 219 Casting away his 

dastard feare, 1 Nobody §& Someb. (1878) 292 The 
dastardst coward in the world. 1602 2vd Pt. Return fr. 
Parnass. uu. v. (Arb.) 48 To waile thy haps, argues a das- 
tard minde. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 447 A soft, inglorious, 
dastard train. 1866 NEALE Seguences & Hymns 125 We 
fling the dastard question from us! | 

C. Comb., as dastard-like adj. or adv. 

1835 Lytton Rzenzi 1. iii, The clients of the Colonna, now 
pressing, dastard-like,round the disarmed and disabled smith. 

+ Da'stard, v. Obs. [f. prec.: cf. Cowarn v.] 
trans. To make a dastard of; to cow, terrify. 

1893 Nasue Chris?’s T. (1613) 73 My womanish stomacke 
hath serued me to that, which your man-like stomackes are 
dastarded with. 1620 SHELTON Quix. III. xxvi, 186 The 
Scholar was frighted, the Page clean dastarded. 1665 DrypEN 
Ind. Empr. 1. i, Vm weary of this Flesh, which holds us 
here, And dastards manly Souls with Hope and Fear. 

+ Da'stardice, -ise. Ods._ [f. Dastarp sd, 
+ -#se, -10B, after CowaRDIcE.] Mean or base 


cowardice. 

1603 Fiorito Montaigne ut. v. (1634) 498 His faintnesse, 
dastardise, and impertinencie. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa 
Wks. 1883 VII. 143, I was upbraided with ingratitude, 
dastardice, and [etc. }. 


DASYPHYLLOUS. 


Da’stardize, v. [f. Dastarp sd, + -1ZE: cf. 
CowaARDImzE (of same age).] =DastarD vz. 

c 1645 Howe tt Le?#. (1650) Il, 16 To dastardize or cowe 
your spirits. @1700 Drypen (J,), Such things..As..would 
dastardize my courage. 7748 ICHARDSON Clarissa (1811) 
1V. 208 The moment I beheld her, my heart was dastard- 
en 1841 Zait’s Mag. 561 To lie .. dastardized in the 

ust. 


Dastardliness (da'stardlinés). [f. DasrarpLy 
@.+-NESS.] The quality of being dastardly. 

+1. Inertness or dullness of wit; stupidity. Ods. 

1553 GRIMALDE Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 45 That our appe- 
tites obaye reason: and neyther runne before it, nether for 
slouth or dastardlinesse dragge behind it. 1557 RecorpE 
Whetst. Y iij, But for euery mater to require aied. .it might 
seme mere dastardlinesse. 

2. Mean or base cowardliness. 

156 T. Hopy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer 1. Civb, Das- 
tardlines or any other reproche. 1612 T. ‘Taytor Covi. 
Titus i. 14 Alas, our dasterdlines, and timiditie, that faint 
before daies of triall. 1684 Manton Z2f. Lord’s Pr. Wks. 
1870 I. 223 Observe Peter’s dastardliness..a question of the 
damsel’s overturns him. _ 1807 F, WranGuam Serm. Transl. 
Script. 10 Their proverbial dastardliness of character. 

Darstardling. xonce-wd. [f. DastarD sb. + 
-LING, dim, suffix.] A contemptible dastard. 

1800 CoLertpcE Piccolom. ww. iii. 53 Will Ze, that dastard- 
ling, have strength enough [etc.]? 

Dastardly (dastaidli), a [f. Dasrarp sd. + 
-LyY 1, 

+1. Inert of mind or action ; stupid, dull. Ods. 

1567 Maret Gr. Forest 96b, The Owle is called the 
dastardly Bird: she is of such slouth and sluggishnesse. 

2. Like or characteristic of a dastard; showing 
mean or despicable cowardice. 

1576 Freminc Panopfl. Efist. 251 A feareful, cowardly, 
and dastardly loute. 1603 KNoties //ist. Turks (1638) 333 
Losing courage continually, and daily growing more base 
and dastardly. 176x Hume Hist. ng. Il. xxix. 157 The 
Swiss infantry. . behaved in a dastardly manner and deserted 
their post. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V. 207 The most 
dastardly and perfidious form of assassination. 1872 Spur- 
GEON Treas. Dav. Ps. lv. 12 III. 19 The slanders of an 
avowed antagonist are seldom so mean and dastardly as 
those of atraitor. J/od. A dastardly outrage. 

Like a 


+ Da'stardly, adv. Obs. [-1y%.] 
dastard ; in a cowardly manner. 

1552 Hutoet, Dastardly, or lyke a dastarde, pus/llani- 
miter, a@1649 Drumm. or Hawtin. Skiamachia Wks. (1711) 
zor And the brave men of Scotland all the while shall ly still 
quiet..calling dastardly upon a parliament 

+ Da‘stardness. 00s. [-NEss.] 

1. Inertness of understanding, stupidity, dullness. 

1552. Hutort, Dastardnes, socordia, 1562 ‘Turner 
Herbal u. N iij b, By dastardnes and weiknes of mynde. 

2. Base cowardice, dastardliness. 

151g Horman Vile. 55 He rebuked him of his dastardnes 
and pekishnes. 1639 Futter Holy War iv. xix. (1840) 211 
The dastardness of the Egyptians made these mamalukes 
more daring. 

Dastardy (da'stiidi). arch. Also 6-7 -ic. 
[f. Dasrarp 5d. + -y, after cowardy, bastardy.) 
The quality of a dastard; base or mean cowardice. 

1588 ALLEN Admon. 19 The whole world deriding our 
effeminate dastardie. 16x Speep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. 
22 Farre from any suspition of dastardy. @ 1640 JACKSON 
Creed x1. xxiv. Wks. X. 461 Which did especially aggravate 
the Israelites dastardy. 1706 Cottirr Rel. Ridic. 298 We 
must bear with those that are above us ..without dastardy 
and baseness. 18g0 Biackiz @schylus 11, 168 Why run 
ye thus. .into the hearts of men Scattering dastardy? 

Daster, -liness, obs. var. DASTARD, -LINESS. 

+Daswen, v. Ods. Also 4-5 dasewe(n. 
[Closely related to dase-2, to Daze. The suffix 
may be as in herwen, harwen, harewen, occurring 
beside hertzen, herien, mod. harrow and harry, 
from OE. hergéan. The word would thus be 
a parallel form to *daszjen, *dasten, from dasi} 
adj.: see Dazy.] z¢r. Of the eyes or sight : To 


be or become dim. 

1382 Wycur Devt. xxxiv. 7 The ey3e_ of hym [Moses] 
daswed not. — 1 Sav. iii. 2 Heli leye in his place, and 
his eyen daswiden. c¢1386 Cuaucer Mancifple's Prod. 31 
‘Thyn eyen daswen eek [v. xr. dasewen, dasen, dasowepe]. 
¢1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 68 Myn izen daswen, myn heer 
is hoore. c1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Daswyn’ [printed 
Dasmyn’], or messen as eyys (H., P. dasyn, or myssyn as 
eyne), caligo. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.) vit. xvi. 
343 Age. .feblenesse, dasewynge of syght. 

b. pa. pple. 

¢1384 CHaucer H. Fame u. 150 Thou sittest at another 
booke Tyl fully dasewyd ys thy looke. 14.. Hoccreve To 
D&, Bedford'g Myn yen hath custumed _bysynesse So 
daswed. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour F j b, Ye be dasewed 
and sore dyseased of your syght and wytte. 

Dasy(e, obs. form of Daisy, Dazy. 

Dasyll, obs. form of DAzz.E. 

Dasymeter (désimétoz). Improperly daso-. 
[mod. f, Gr, dacd-s dense + pérpov measure.] An 
instrument for measuring the density of gases. 

1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm, 404. The manometer, or 
dasometer, for finding the density or rarity of the atmosphere. 
1874. Knicut Dict, Mech., Dasymeter .. consists of a thin 
glass globe, which is weighed in the gas and then in an 
atmosphere of known density, 

[f Gr. 


Dasyphyllous (desifi‘les), 2, Bot. 
dacv-s rough, hairy + @vAA-ov leaf + ous.] ‘ Having 
hairy or woolly leaves’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

6* 


DASYPOD. 


dee'sippd). Zool. [f. generic name 
Dasypus,ad. Gr. , Sagumod-, hairy or rough- 


peepee | Of or pertaining to Dasypus, a genus of 
arm: H 


an animal of this genus. Hence 


Dasy'podid sb., Dasy’podine a, 
(deesiprp*kta). Zool. [mod.L., 


ll 
f. Gr. 3acdmpwxr-os having hairy buttocks (f. daov-s 
hairy + mpoxrds buttocks):] A genus of South and 
Central American rodents, the agoutis. Hence 
Dasypro‘ctid a, (sd.), Dasypro‘ctine a. 

1875 Bake Zoo/. 67 Hares are rarest in South America, 
where their place is occupied by the Cavies and dasyproctine 


“Dasypygal (desipsigil), a. Zool [mod. f 
zsipai‘gail), a. Zool. [mod. f. 
Gr. Bacbnvy-os (f. daav-s hairy + ndyq rump, but- 
tocks).] Having hairy buttocks, rough-bottomed, 
Fela Brake Zool. 17 The higher dasypygal or anthropoid 


(dee'sijitier). Zool, [ad. mod.L. 
dasyiirus, f. Gr. dagv-s rough, hairy + odpé tail.] 
An animal of the genus Dasyurus or subfamily 
Dasyurine, comprising the small carnivorous 
marsupials of Australia and Tasmania, also called 
‘ brush-tailed opossums’ or ‘native cats’. 

1839-47 Topp Cyc. Anat. III. 261/2 The Opossums re- 
semble in their dentition the Bandicoots more than the 
Dasyures, 188x Zimes 28 Jan. 3/4 The smaller pouched 
herbivores have their slayers in the ‘native devil’ (sarco- 
Philus), and in the dasyures or native cats. 

Hence Dasyu'rine a. Zool., belonging to the 
subfamily Dasyurinx. 

1839-47 Toop Cycl. Anat. III. 260/1 In..its hinder feet 
Myrmecobius resembles the Dasyurine family. 

at, obs. form of Daut v., Sc. to fondle. 

Data (déita), pl. of Datum, q.v. 

Datable, dateable (détab’l), a. 
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being dated. 

1837 Fraser's Mag. XVI. 40x Dateable contemporary 
inscriptions. 1884 A thenzumt 19 Jan. 94/1 The oldest datable 
Reynolds in the gallery. 

tal (dztal), a. rare. ([f. L. datum Date + 
-AL.] Of or pertaining to date; chronological. 

1882 Bradshaw's Railw. Manual, The Parliamentary 
Intelligence. . first appears in datal order, 

Datal, dataller: see DayraLE, DAYTALER. 

Datary ! (dé'tari). [ad. mod.L. datarius, It. 
datario, {. L. dat-um, It. dato, Dat: ancient L, 
had dafarius adj. in sense ‘to be given away’.] 

1. An officer of the Papal Court at Rome, charged 
with the duty of registering and dating all bulls 
and other documents issued by the Pope, and re- 
presenting the Pope in matters relating to grants, 
dispensations, etc. 

1527 Knicut in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. xxviii. 58 The datary 
hath clean forsaken the court. 1533 Bonner Let. fo Hen. 
VIJIT in Froude //ist. 11. 145, I desired the datary to adver- 
tise his Holiness that I would speak with him. 1691 W. B. 
Hist. Roman Conclave i. 2 The Datary, the Secretaries, 
and all such as have in their keeping the Seals of the 
deceased Pope, are obliged to surrender them. 1825 C. 
Butter Bk. &. C. Church 112 The lips of a Roman datary 
would water at the sight of a bill of an English proctor. 

+ 2. An expert in dates; a chronologer. Ods. rare. 

1655 Futcer Ch. Hist. un. v. § 7 Die guinto Fria, 3 Iam 
not Datary enough to understand this. a 1661 — Worthies 
1. (1662) 329 Let me onely be a Datary, to tell the Reader, 
that this Lord was created Earl of Portland, February 17 


[{f. Date 


[1632]. 
atary *. [ad. mod.L. dataria: see prec. 
The office or function of dating Papal bulls pel 


other documents; a branch of the Apostolic 
scape at Rome separately organized in the 
13th c. for this and other purposes : see prec. 

c 1645 Howe. Lett. (1650) 1. 55 Besides the jog shy 
dominions, he hath ..the datary or dispatching of bulls. 
1667 Lond. Gaz. No. ge The next day.. the Datary was 
kept open, and savers usinesses dispatcht. 1838 J. R. 
Hore Scorr Let. in Mem, (1884) 1. ix. 168 It is supposed to 
bein the Datary. 

b. attrib. or adj. 

1688 Burnet Lett. Pres. State of Italy 113 It may bring 
in more profit into the Datary rt. f 

Date (dat), sd.) [a. OF. date (13th c. in Littré), 
now datte :—L. dactyl-us, a. Gr. Bdervdos date, orig. 
finger. The OF. came through intermediate forms 
*dactele, dacte; cf. Pr. déctil, datil, Sp. datil, Olt. 
dattilo (whence Ger. datte/, etc.), mod.It. dattero,] 

1. The fruit of the date-palm (Phenix dactyli- 
fera), an oblong drupe, growing in large clusters, 
with a single hard seed or stone, and sweet pulp; 
it forms an important article of food in Western 
Asia and Northern Africa, and is also dried and 
exported to other countries. 

cxag0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 380/115 A 3e0rd of palm cam in is 
hond. .be 3 was ful of Dates. ¢xq400 Lan/ranc’s Cirurg. 
HA It is schape as it were be stoon of a date. ¢ 1400 

aunpey. (Roxb.) haa pe Palme treesse berand dates. 1853 
Even Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 19 A tree .. which bringet 
foorth dates lyke vnto the Palme tree. 1655 Mourer & 
Benner /fealth's Improv. (1746) 297 Dates are usually put 
into stew'’d Broths .. ive Cullices, 1712 tr. 
Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 136 Dates. .serve for the Subsistence 
of more than an hundred Millions of Souls. 1870 Years 
Nat. Hist. Comm. 183 The best dates come to us from 
‘Tunis, via Marseilles. 


42 


2. The tree which bears dates, the date-palm 
(Phenix dactylifera). Wild Date: an Indian 
species, P. sylvestris. 


the 


t of the cultivated 

+3. Name of a variety of plum. Ods. 

1664 Evetyn Kal, Hort. (1729) 214 Plums, Imperial, Blue, 
White Dates. ‘ 

4. Comb., as date-fruit, -grove, -stone, -tree; 
date-bearer, a date-tree bearing fruit; date- 
brandy, an intoxicating liquor from the fermented 
sap of the date-tree ; date-disease, a distemper 
also called Aleppo boil; date-fever = DENGUE 
a quot.) ; date-palm = sense 2; date-plum, 

e fruit of species of Diospyros (N.O. Ebenacex), 
having a flavour like that of a plum ; also the tree 
itself ; date-shell, a mollusc of the genus Zzt¢ho- 
domus, which burrows in stone or rock; so called 
from its shape ; cf. It. dat/ero, dattilo ‘also a kinde 
of hard shell fish’ (Florio 1598); date-sugar, 
sugar from the sap of the wild date-tree of India ; 
date-wine, wine made by fermenting the sap of 
the Phenix dactylifera and other species. 

1880 L. Wattace Ben-Hur 225 The sky palely blue through 
the groinery of countless *date-bearers. 1827 Macinn Red- 
nosed Lient. in Forget-me-not, * Date-brandy was not to his 
taste. 1875 tr. Zicmssen's Cycl. Med. U1. 508 At Port 
Said ..it [dengue] was epidemic every year at the season 
of the date-harvest, and thus acquired the name of *date- 
fever. 1884 J. Cotvorne Hicks Pasha 85 The river .. is 
lined with stately *date-groves. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. 
Econ. 11. 347 The phoenix dactylifera or *date-palm. 1877 
A. B. Epwarps Up Nile iii. 57 A dense, wide-spreading 
forest of stately date-palms. 1866 77veas. Bot. 411 The fruit 
of the Chinese “Date Plum, D{ospyros] Kaki, is as large as 
an ordinary apple.. D. virginiana is the Virginian Date 
Plum or Persimon..The fruit..is an inch or more in dia- 
meter, 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Date plum, Indian, common 
name for the fruit of the Diospyros lotus. 1851 WoopwarD 
Mollusca 266 The ‘ *date-shell’ bores into corals, shells, and 
the hardest limestone rocks. 1696 Auprey Misc. (1721) 60 
‘Take 6 or 10 *Date-stones, dry. . pulverize, and searce them. 
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 104 *Date-sugar is not so much 
esteemed in India as that of the cane. c1400 Rom. Rose 
1364 Fyges, and many a *date tree There wexen. 1535 
CoverpaLe Song Sol. vii. 7 Thy stature is like a date tre. 
1601 Hotianp P/iny xin. iv. (R.), Date-trees love a light 
and sandie ground. 1852 Grote Greece 1. lxix. 1X. 47 ‘The 
soldiers. ..procured plentiful supplies. .of *date-wine. 

Date (dzit), sd.2 Also 5-6 Sc. dait. [a. F. 
date, OF ..also datte (13th c. in Littré)=Pr., Sp., 
It. data fem.:—L. data fem. sing. (or neuter) of 
datus given. In ancient L., the date of a letter 
was expressed thus ‘ Dabam Rome prid. Kal. Apr.’, 
i.e. ‘I gave or delivered (this) at Rome on the 
31st March’, for which the later formula was 
‘ Data Rome, given at Rome’, etc. Hence data the 
first word of the formula was used as a term for the 
time and place therein stated. Cf. postscrift, etc.] 

1. The specification of the time (and often the 
place) of execution of a writing or inscription, 
affixed to it, usually at the end or the beginning. 

¢1430 Stans Puer 97 in Babees Bk. 33 In bis writynge, 
pou! er be no date. 1512 Act 4 Hen, VIII, c. 10 A paire 
of Indentures..the date wherof is the xij* daie of Aprill in 
the secound yere of your ..reigne. 1 Lp. Dorcnester 
in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 267 III. 259, I have received your 
Letters of severall dates. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 320 P 4 
A long Letter bearing Date the fourth Instant. 1827 W. 
Seiwyn Law Nisé Prius (ed. 4) U1. 883 The policy should 
be dated... The insertion of a date may tend to the discovery 
of fraud. ag Hla recap Bacon Ess. 1854 1. 353/2 A public 
— —- aoe net — —_ a of 

rancis on. 1837 Penny Cycl. . 330 A three-halfpenny 
piece. .bearing the date da j ’ 

2. The precise time at which rcheren J takes 
place or is to take place ; the time denoted by the 
date of a document (in sense 1). 

1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 47 tyme he died ., 
Pte atlas usand & sextene mo. x appeere P. Fi. 3: Eg 
269 In pe date of owre te, in a drye apprile, A 
and thre hondreth tweis thretty and ten. c 1400 
Roxb.) iii. g Pe date when pis 

fore pe incarnacion of Crise. 
His days and times are past, And my reliances on his fracted 
dates Haue smit my credit. 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 
74/2 When was it?—I only remember the sum: I do not 
remember the date. 1838 Lyrron Lei/a u. i, That within 
two weeks of this date thou bringest me ., the keys of the 
city, 1893 Weekly Notes 68/2 Up to the date at which he 
received notice. 

b. More vaguely : The time at which something 


happened or is to happen; season, 
c1328 EZ. E. Allit. P. A. 540 Pe date wet 
con w. ¢x400 MaunpeEv. 1839) iii. 18 The e whan 
it was leyd inthe Erthe. 1639 tr. Du Bosg's Compl. Woman 
1, 32, I would faine know .. of what date they would have 
their Habits. 1647 Crarenvon //ist. Reb. 1. (1843) 17/1 
From these .. mstances. .the duke’s ruin took its date. 
1764 Go.vsm. 7'rav. 133 Not far remov'd the date, When 
commerce > poodle flourish’d through the state, 1828 
Cartyte Misc. 1, 222 Up to this date Burns was happy. 
3. The period to which something ancient 


belongs ; the age (of a thing or person), 


sande 
AUNDEV, 
was writen..was ii™ 3ere 
1607 SHAKS. 7¥mon U1. i. 22 


re pe lorde 


DATE. 


e1325 E. E, Allit. P, A. 1039 Vehon in scry a name 
con ig, Of irael tars fclewande her date, Pat to, 
t. 405 


Freeman Norm. Cong. (1 IIL. xiii. Rich in - 
antiquities of Roman date.” 9) a, 

4. The time during which something lasts ; 
period, season; duration ; term of life or existence. 

13.. Chron. Eng. 972 in Ritson Met. Rom. 11, 310 Thah 
the sone croune bere The fader hueld is date here. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Can, Yeom. Prol. §& T. 858 Neuere to thryue were 
to long a date, op 92 Lypc. Secrees 421 So to perseuere 
and lastyn a lon; te. 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. 
(Camden) I. 153 Miserablie finishinge the date of her dayse. 
1667 Mitton /. L. x11. 549 Ages of endless date Founded 
in righteousness. 1676 DrypEen Aurengz. iv. i. 1725 To 
lengthen out his Date A Day. 1782 Cowper Lett, 11 Nov., 
When the date of youth is once expired. 1890 R. Bripces 
Shorter Poems ut. vi, Her [a flower’s] brief date. 

5. The limit, term, or end of a period of time, or 
of the duration of something. Ods. or arch. 

cs E. E. Allit. P. A. 492 is no date of hr - 
Pi ad 1447 BokENHAM a rs 41 Fer in age io 
runne and my lyves date Aprochith faste. 1 Tottell’s 
Misc. (Arb.) 129 The dolefull dayes draw slowly to theyr 
date. a 1600 Rite Poems, Kee to Marlowe vi, But 
could youth last, and love stil b a Tad oF pages no date, nor 
age no need. c1600 SHaxs. Sonn. xiv, Thy end is Truthes 
and Beauties doome and date. 1712-4 Pork Rafe Lock m. 
171 What Time would spare, from Steel receives its date. 
1784 Cowrer Task v. 529 All has its date below ; the fatal 
hour Was registered in aaven ere time began. 

+6. 2A fixed decree. Ods. (Cf. med.L. datum 
‘statutum, decretum’ (Du Cange). 

¢1470 Henry Wallace u. 195 Is this thi dait, sall thai our 
cum ilkane? On our kynrent, deyr God, quhen will thow 
rew? /Jbid. v1. 97 What is fortoune, quha dryffis the dett so 
fast ? [v. ». drawis the dait]. 

7. Phr. Out of date (attrib. out-of-date): out of 
season ; no longer in vogue or fashion, or suitable 
to the time; obsolete, antiquated; also advb., as 
in 40 go out of date, to become obsolete or old- 
fashioned. (Arought, written, posted) up to date: 
said in book-keeper’s phrase of accounts, a journal, 
ledger, etc. ; hence, fe. up to the knowledge, re- 
quirements, or standard of the time (co//og.). 

1608 Row.anps //um. Looking Gl, 10 Choller is past, m 
anger’s out of date. 1707 Cottier Refl. Ridic. 291 Till 
she’s out of Date for Matrimony. a1734 Nortu £xam. 
i. vi, § 13 (1740) 432 With his wire-drawn Slanders and 
out-of-date Rigections, 1824 Mepwin Convers. Byron 
(1830) I. 124 Shakespeare’s Comedies are quite out of date ; 
many of them are insufferable to read. 1868 Freeman 
Norm. Cong. (1876) 11. App. 538 An idea which had alto- 
gether gone out of date. Duke Probl. Gr. Brit. 1. 

. vii, I... tried to bring my volumes up to date. 1893 

Vestm. Gaz. 9 Mar. 6/3 The two gentlemen. .who invent 
the Gaiety boven ‘up to date’—and gave this 
phrase to the language. 

8. Comb., as date-stamping; date-line, a line 
relating to dates; sfec. the line in the Pacific Ocean 
(theoretically coincident with the meridian of 180° 
from Greenwich) at which the calendar day is 
reckoned to and end, so that at places east 
and west of it the date differs by one day; date- 
mark sd., a mark showing the date ; sfec. a letter 
stamped upon gold or silver plate, denoting the 
year of manufacture ; hence as vd, (nonce-wd,), to 
mark with something that shows the date or age. 

1880 Libr. Univ, Knowl. V1I1. 80 *Date-lines .. occur in 
i between islands that have received dates 
Wy eastward, and .. by westward communication. 1892 

. ¥. Nation 2x Apr. 304/t He has provided an index, but 
.. 80 simple a device as the running date-line should not 
have been neglected. 1850 Zcclesiologist X. 181 It is devoid 
of distinctive *date-marks, the vague ed vault- 
ing. 1890 Whitaker's Almanack 636 By the following table 
oft the age of any piece of manufactured in 
London and assayed at Goldsmiths’ Hall may be ascer- 

nee rOge Times fag bape = a has been 
date-mar' so to §) t iefs .. 
time or of the place. 1886 Patt Matt G. x2 Aug. 5/2 The 
*dat ping app on the [of a ticket-office]. 

Date (dé't), v. [f. Dare sd.2: cf. F. dater, Sp. 
datar to date.) SE 

1. ¢vans. To affix the date to (a writing, ete.) ; to 
furnish or mark with a date. A letter is said to 
be dated the — of writing named in it. 

E. E. Wills (1882) 94 Dated, 3ere & day aboveseyd. 
1 ALSGR. 507/r Bycause you use nat to date them 
{letters I wotte nat whyther to sende to you. 1682 Scar- 
LETT es 100 A Bill dated the of January. 
171a STRELE eg No. 308 P 5 The follo f Sv 
from Yor! 27% Jane Austen Pride & (1833) 
172 compo —- hae letter. .It was e-4 i. 
at to in morning. . 
‘2 A blank transfer .. neither ane nee executed Sapte 
k nor stamped, Z 

2. To ascertain or fix the date or time of (an 

event, etc.) ; to refer or assign to a certain date, to 


moe aang ea 
Li 7 ’ 
i Galea ae Zz 297 the 


HI 
yeare of their Maioralty may date the building, or repaire 
of some Conduit. S Pee Hymn to Sun ii, From the 
blessings they bestow, Our times are dated, and our eras 


DATED. 


move. 1720 Swirt Mod. Education, 1 date from this era 
the corrupt method of education among us. 1844 Lincarp 
Anglo-Sax. Ch, (1858) 11. ix. 52 Every Christian Church 
which dates its origin from any period before the Reforma- 
tion. 1865 Tytor Zarly Hist. Man. v.91 ‘The art of dating 
events. 

b. To reckon chronologically or by dates. 

182. Byron Zo C’tess Blessington iv, My life is not dated 
by years—There are moments which act as a plough. 1837 
Disraeut Venetia u. i, Life is not dated merely by years. 

e. absol. To count the time, reckon. 

a@1742 BentLey (J.), Whether we begin the world so many 
millions of ages ago, or date from the late zra of about six 
thousand years. 1 Med. Frul. XVII. 27 Six full days 
had.. . dating from the time when the eruption ap- 


+3. To put an end or period to. Ods. 

1589 GREENE —— (Arb.) 25 Alledging how death at 
the least may date his miserie. 1612 T. ‘Taytor Comm. 
Titus iii, 2 The precept is neuer dated, but in full force. 
@16x8 Sytvester F fist, v. 11 His matchlesse Art, that 
never age shall date. : 

+4. To assign a time or duration to. Ods. rare. 

1676 Hate Contemp. 1. 67 The studies of Policy, Methods 
of War. .are all dated for the convenience and use of this life. 

+5. To give (oneself) out as. Ods. rare. 

1612 CHAPMAN Widowes T. Plays 1873 III, 11 A Spartan 
Lord, dating himselfe our great Viceroies Kinsman. 

+6. Zo date from: to refer or ascribe to (a par- 
ticular origin). Obs. rare. 

1725 N. Rosinson Th. Physick 150 As we have dated the 
immediate Cause of all Acute Diseases, especially Fevers, 
from the Contraction of-the Solids. 

7. intr. (for reft.) To bear date, be dated ; to be 
written or addressed from (a specified place). 

1850 Rossetti Dante § Circ. 1. (1874) 27 Dante's sonnet 
probably dates from Ravenna. 1874 Deutscu Rew. 363 
Arecent..edition dates Wilna 1852. Mod. The letter dates 
from London. 7 

8. To assign itself or be assigned to a specified 
time or period; to have its origin, take its rise 

Jrom a particular time or epoch. 

a@1828 KE, Everett piehae, The Batayian republic dates 
from the successes of the French arms. 1846 Grote Greece 
1. i. I. 68 The worship of the Sminthian Apollo dates before 
the earliest periods of AZolic colonization, 1856 Kane Art. 
Expl. I. xi. 27 We learned that the house dated back as far 
as the days of Matthew Stach. 1868 FreeEMAN Worm. Cong. 
(2876) II. viii. 177 Two stately parish churches, one ofthem 
dating from the days of Norman independence. 

b. To rank in point of date or standing 77th. 

1827 Hoop Plea Mids. Fairies xxviii, For we are very 
kindly creatures, dating With Nature’s charities. 

Date, obs. form of Daur v. Sc., to fondle. 

Dateable : see DaTaBLe. 

Dated (dzitéd), Af7. a. 
+ -ED. 

1. Marked or inscribed with a date. 

1731 Pore Ep. Burlington 135 To all their dated Backs 
he turns you round; These Aldus printed, those Du Siieil 
has bound. 1881 H. B. Wueattey Cath. Angi. Pref. p. ix, 
The Catholicon is specially valuable as a dated Dictionary. 

+2, Having a fixed date or term. Oés. 

1586 MartoweE 1st Pt. Tamburl. u. vi, The loathsome 
circle of my dated life. 1592 Nasue P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 18 b, 
‘That can endow your names with neuer dated glory. 1718 
D'Urrey Grecian Heroine ui. ii. in New Ofera’s (1721) 
122 His dated time comes on. 

Dateless (déttlés), a. [-LESS.] 

1. Without a date, bearing no date, undated. 

1644 Prysne & Wacker Fiennes’s Trial 5 A Note. .with- 
out name or date, with a datelesse, namelesse Paper in- 
closed. 1798 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXVII. 514 
A dateless account. .inserted after the edict for its abolition. 
z Spectator 4 Apr., Here is a dateless letter. 

. Having no limit or fixed term ; endless. 

1593 Suaks. Rich. IJ, 1. iii. 151 The datelétse limit of thy 
deere exile. 1624 Darcie Birth of Heresies 108 Thy date- 
lessefame. 1811 SHELLEY St. /rvyne Prose Wks, 1888 I. 219 
A dateless and hopeless eternity of horror. 1870 LoweLL 
Study Wind. (1886) 164 Immortal as that dateless substance 
of the soul. i 

3. Of indefinite duration in the past ; so ancient 
that its date or age cannot be determined; im- 
memorial. 

1794 CoLerince Poems, Relig. Musings, In the primeval 
age a dateless while The vacant shepherd wandered with his 
flock. 1814 Worpsw. £-xcursion v1. Wks. (1888) 493/2 From 
dateless usage which our peasants hold Of giving welcome 
to the first of May. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iii. § 4. 66 
The dateless hills, which it needed earthquakes to lift, and 
deluges to mould. 

4. dial. Out of one’s senses, crazed ; insensible. 

1863 Mrs. Gasket Sylvia's L. 11. 263 Mother is gone 
dateless wi’ sorrow. 1867 E. Waucu Dead Man's Dinner 
19 (Lanc. Gloss.) They... laid her upo’ th’ couch cheer, as 
dateless as a stone, 

Hence Da‘telessness, the quality of being date- 
less ; the absence of a fixed limit of time. 

1660 T. M. Hist. Si . iv. ot The Officers of his 
{Monk’s] Army. .agreed. .that the Parliament intended. .to 
perpetuate the Nations slavery by their datelesness. 

Dater (déitez). [-zR1.] a. One who dates. 
b. An apparatus for date-stamping. 

16xx Cortar., Dataire, a dater of writings .. the dater, or 
dispatcher, of the Pope’s Bulls; an ordinarie Officer in the 
Cad. of Rome. 1887 Richford’s Circular, Perpetual hand 

ters. 

Date, obs. form of DEATH. : 

Dapeit, dapet, etc.: see DAHET, 

Datholite, erron. var. of DaTouirE. 


[f. Dare v. (and 56.2) 


. 


Dating (détin), v/. sé. [-tnG1.] The action 
of the verb Dare, q.v. 

1678 Triads of Ireland, §c. Ke He was then in London ., 
as I suppose by the dateing of his Letters, 1891 B. Nicuot- 
son in A ¢hen@ume 10 Jan. 61/2 As other datings of his are 
apparently advanced one year, his dating requires to be in- 
quired into. : . 

Dation (dé‘fon). [ad. L. dazion-em, n. of action 
from dare to give.] ‘The action of giving. ‘ta. 
Med. A dose. b. Civil Law. A rendering of L. 
datio, ¥. dation, the legal act of giving or con- 
ferring, e.g. of an office; esp. as distinct from 
donation, 

1656 Biounr Glossogr., Dation, a giving, a gift, a dole. 
1657 ‘Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 163 That .. quantity of 
a medicament which is prescribed .. is a Dosis, for Dosis is 
Dation. — Gloss., Dation, the quantity or dosis of any 
medicament that is administred to the patient at once. 1889 
in Century Dict. (in sense b). 

|| Datisca (dati'ska). Bot. [mod.L. (Linnzus 
gives no source).] The name of a genus of mono- 
chlamydeous exogens (N.O. Datéiscacex) ; D. can- 
nabina, the Cretan or Bastard Hemp-plant, is 
indigenous to Nepaul and the Levant; its leaves 
contain a colouring matter known as datzsca-yellow, 
used in dyeing silk, ete. Hence Dati-scin, a gluco- 
side, Cy, Hy2 Oj,, allied to salicin, obtained from 
the leaves and root of Datisca. Dati-scetin, 
C15 Hyp Og, a crystalline product of the decomposi- 
tion of datiscin. 

1863-72 Warts Dict. Chent, 11. 306 The leaves contain a 
peculiar colouring matter, datisca-yellow. Ibid. 307 Pure 
datiscin forms colourless silky needles .. By boiling with 
strong potash-ley, it is decomposed with formation of datis- 
cetin, 

Datisi (datai'ssi). Zogic. The mnemonic term 
designating the mood of the third figure of syllo- 
gisms in which the major premiss is a universal 
affirmative (a), and the minor premiss and con- 
clusion particular affirmatives (2, z). 

The initial d indicates that the mood may be reduced to 
Darii of the first figure ; the s following the second vowel, 
that this is done by simple conversion of the minor premiss. 

1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 30 The third figure. Da. All 
hipocrites count will workes hie holines. ¢2. Some hipo- 
crites have been Bishoppes. _s7. Therefore some Bishoppes 
have coumpted will workes hie holinesse. 1654 Z, Coxe Art 
Logick (1657) 136 The Modes of this Figure are six. Called, 
Darapti, Felapton, Disamis, Datisi, Bocardo, Ferison. 
1864 Bowen Lagi vii. 200. 

Datism (déi'tizm). rare. [ad. Gr. Adriopds 
‘a speaking like Datis (the Median commander at 
Marathon), z.e. speaking broken Greek’ (Liddell 
& Scott).] Broken or barbarous speech; a fault 
in speaking such as would be made by one not fully 
acquainted with the language. 

1617 MinsHeu Ductor, Datisme, when by a heape of 
Synonimaes wee rehearse the same things. 1891 Sat, Kev. 
14 Nov. 554/2 We can understand that a small Athenian boy 
should commit a Datism in Latin: but we cannot see why 
the Roman boy should make a neuter verb transitive. 

Datival (detai-val), a. Gram. [f. L. dativ-us 
(see next) +-aL.] Belonging to the dative case. 

1818 Monthly Mag. XLVI. 322 Instead of the genitival 
and datival terminations. 

Dative (déi'tiv), a. and sb. [ad. L. dativ-us of 
or belonging to giving, f. da¢-zs given; in grammar 
rendering Gr. do71« (m7Gars), from dorieds of giving 
nature, f, 5or-és given.] A. adj. 

1. Gram. The name of that case of nouns in 
Aryan and some other languages which commonly 
denotes the indirect or more remote object of the 
action of a verb, that 40 or for whom or which we 
do a thing, or 40 whom we give a thing. 

cx Gesta Rom. xci, 416 (Add. MS.) The thrid Falle is 
datif case, for there are some that are prowde for they mow 
gyve. 1580 Hottysanp 7veas. Fr, Tong, A..serueth many 
times to expresse the Datiue case: as Ye l’ay donne & mon 

‘ere, I gaue it to my father. 1668 Witkins Real Char. 352 

he Dative Case is expressed by the Preposition (To). 1879 
Rosy Lat. Gram. 1v. 1x. § 1130 The Dative case is used in 
two senses only: (A) It expresses the zxdirect object. .(B) It 
is used Jredicatively in a quasi-adjectival sense. Mod. The 
pronouns me, thee, hint, her, us, you, them, which we now 
use both as direct and indirect objectives, were originally 
dative forms; the original accusatives are disused. 

+2. Disposed to give; having the right to give. 
Obs. rare. (In first quot. with play on sense 1.) 

.. Piers of Fullham 368 in Hazl. £. P, P, W. 15 To 
knowen folke that ben datyff ; Their purches be called ablatif: 
‘They haue their izen vocatif. 1656 BLount Glossogr., Dative, 
that giveth, or is of power to give. 

+3. Of the nature of a gift; conferred or be- 
stowed as a gift. (Freq. pent to native.) Obs, 

1570-6 Lamsarve Peramb. Kent (1826) 453 All Nobilitie 
and Gentrie is either, Native, or Dative, that is to say, 
commeth either by Discent, or by Purchase [i.e. acquisi- 
tion]. 166x Morcan Sfh, Gentry mm. iii. 28 The first Native 
. the second Dative, being given in rewards. 

4. Law. a, That may be given or disposed of at 
pleasure; in one’s gift. b. Of an officer: Ap- 
pointed so as to be removable at pleasure: opposed 
to perpetual. ec, Sc. Law. Given or appointed by 
a i ora court of justice, not by a testator 
or by the mere disposition of law ; pertaining to 


DATURA. 


such appointment: as in executor dative, an exe- 
cutor appointed by decree of the commissary when 
none has been appointed by the deceased, an ad- 
ministrator ; decree dative, a decree appointing an 
executor dative; /estament dative, the decree 
confirming and conferring full title on an executor 
dative ; ¢u¢or dative, a tutor appointed by the Court 
on the failure of tutors-nominate and tutors-at- 
law; tutory dative, the office of a tutor dative. 
da. Tutor dative, in Rom. Law, one appointed by 
the testator, as distinguished from tutor optive. 

1535-6 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 28§ 15 Pryours or governours 
dante removable from tyme to tyme. 1575 7. Huntar v. 
D. Hunter in Balfour Practicks 115 Sum tutoris ar testa- 
mentaris, sum tutoris of law, and sum ar tutoris dative. . The 
tutor dative is maid and gevin bethe King. 1651 N. Bacon 
Disc. Govt. Eng.M. vi. (1739) 29 They shall certify. .whether 
a Prior be perpetual, or dative. 1726 AyLirre Parergon 265 
‘Those are term'’d Dative Executors who are appointed such 
by the Judges Decree, as Administrators with us here in 
England. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 85 If no 
tutor of law demands the office, any person..may apply for 
atutory-dative. 1796 (¢/t/e), The Testament Dative, and 
Inventory of the debts .. justly owing to umquhile Robert 
Burns..at the time of his decease. .faithfully made out and 
given up by Jean Armour, widow of the said defunct, and 
executrix qua relict, decerned to him by decreet dative of the 
Commissary of Dumfries. 1848 Wuarron Law Lex., 
Dative. .that which may be given or disposed of at will and 

leasure. 1861 Sat. Kev. 25 May 542 In the fourth year of 

enry V, all the dative alien priories were dissolved and 
granted to the Crown. 1880 MuirHeap Gaius 1. § 154 
‘Tutors appointed in a testament by express nomination are 
called tutors dative ; those selected in virtue of a power of 
option, tutors optive. 1 

B. sé. (ellipt. use of the adj.) 

1. Gram, Short for dative case: see A. 

1520 WuiTINTON //1/g. (1527) 11 Somtyme in the stede of 
genytiue case he wyll haue adatyue. 1751 Harris Hermes 
11. iv. (1786) 287 The Dative, as it implies Tendency to, is 
employed. .to denote the Final Cause. 1861 Max Miter 
Se. Lang. vi. 208 'The locative may well convey the mean- 
ing of the dative. 

attrib. 1868 G. Sternens Runic Mon. 1. 
examples of this. .dative-ending. 

+2. Sc. Law. A decree dative: see A. 4c. Obs. 

1564 Act of Sederunt 24 July (Jam.), We haif given .. 
power to our saids Commissaries of Edinburgh, to give 
datives, and constitute..executors-datives. 1666 /ustruct. 
Commissaries in Acts Sedat. 1553-1790 px 95 If neither nearest 
of kin, executor or creditor shall desire to be confirmed. .ye 
shall confirm your procurator fiscal, datives always being 
duly given thereto before. .After the said datives (but before 
confirmation), ve 

Datively (déitivli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly ¥.] 
Gram. In the dative case ; as a dative. 

1886 Century Mag. XXXII. 893 The pronoun of the first 
or second person, used datively. 

Dativo-(dctai-vo), combining form of L. dativus, 
DATIVE, used in adverbial comb. with other ad 


jectives. 

1882 F. Hate in Amer. Frnl. Philol. U1. 17 Our infini- 
tive, where ¢o precedes it, having been generally, of old, 
dativo-gerundial [7.e. of the nature of a dative gerund). 

Datolite (de'tolait). Aix. Also erron. datho- 
lite (Werner). [Named by Esmark 1806: irreg. 
f. initial part of Gr, dareto@a to divide + -Acos 
stone: see -LITE.] 

A borosilicate of calcium, occurring in glassy 
crystals of various colours, in white opaque com- 
pact masses, or in botryoidal masses (do/ryoltte). 

1808 T. ALLAN Names of Min. 26 Datholite. 1868 Dana 
Min. 382 Datolite is found in trappean rocks. ; 

|| Dattock (deetgk). [Native name in W. 
Africa.] The hard mahogany-like wood of a West 
African tree, Detariunt senegalense, N.O. Legumi- 
nose ; also the tree itself. 

1884 Mitcer Plant-n., ‘ Dattock ', of W. Tropical Africa. 

{| Datum (détém). Pl. data (deta). (LL. 
datum given, that which is given, neut. pa. pple. 
of dare to give.] A thing given or granted; some- 
thing known or assumed as fact, and made the 
basis of reasoning or calculation; an assumption 
or premiss from which inferences are drawn, 

1646 Hammonp Ws. (1674) I. 248 (Stanf.) From all this 
heap of data it would not follow that it was necessary. 
1691 T. Hate] Acc. New /uvent. 128 Out of what Data 
arises the knowledge. 1737 Fiecpinc Hist, Register Ded., 
All. .will grant me this datum, that the said. .person isa man 
ofan ordinary capacity. 1777 Priesttey Matt. § Spir. 
(1782) I. xii. 146 We have no data to go upon. 1807 Hutton 
Course Math. U1. 350 The omission of a material*datum in 
the calculation. .namely, the weight of the charge of pow- 
der. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw., II. Ixxvi. 9 The his- 
torical and scientific data on which the solution. .depends. 

b. Comb., as datum-line, -plane. 

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol, (1872) I. vi. viii, Moun- 
tains .. can have their relative heights determined only by 
reference to some common datum-line, as the level of the sea. 
1869 R. B. Smytu Goldfields Victoria 609 Datum Water- 
Level, the level at which water was first struck in a shaft 
sunk on a reef or gutter, 1882 Gemkie 7ext-bk, Geol. vu. 
(1885) 925 The lines of stratification may be used as datum- 
lines to measure approximately the amount of rock which 
has been worn away. 1885 Science 19 June 499 The hori- 
zontal datum-plane adopted by German craniologists. 

|| Datura (datitiora’). Bot. [mod.L. ad. Hindi 
dhatura, native name of D. fastuosa and D. Metel, 
common Indian species used to stupefy and poison.j 

6*-2 


260 Other 


DAUB. 


A genus of poisonous plants (N.O. Solanacew), of 
which D. Stramonium is the Strammony or Thorn- 
apple, supposed to be a native of Western Asia, 
but now half naturalized over the warmer temperate 
regions of the world ; it is a powerful narcatic. 

1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. 104 A drug which. . 
stupefies his senses..The Indians call this Doutro, 
ions or Datura, and the Turks and Persians, Datu/a. 

Sia Bevesrooe Hist. India 1.1. iv. 126 From Hindoos 
one ake learned..the benefit of smoking datura in asthma. 

attrib, 1883 Century Mag. XXVII. 205 Large white 
datura blossoms. ‘ 

Hence Datu‘rine (also Datu‘ria), the poisonous 
alkaloid found in the Thorn-apple and other 
species ; = ATROPINE. 

1832 R. Curistison Poisons (ed. 2) 72 i A peculiar alkaloid, 
which has been named Daturine or Daturia. 

Dau, var. of Dauw. 

Dau (Cursor M. 5108, etc.): see DawEkand Day. 

Daub (dob), v. Forms: 4-7 daube, dawbe, 
4-5 dobe, 5 doybe, 5-6 doube, 6-9 dawb, 7- 
daub. [a. OF. daube-r:—L. dealbire to whiten 
over, whitewash, plaster, f. de- down, etc. + albare 
to whiten, f. a/bus white. The word had in OF. 
the senses ‘clothe in white, clothe, furnish, white- 
wash, plaster’; in later F. ‘to beat, swinge, 
lamme’ (Cotgr.); cf. curry, anoint, etc. All the 
English uses appear to come through that of 
‘ plaster ’.] 

1. trans. In building, etc.: To coat or cover (a 
wall or building) wth a layer of plaster, mortar, 
clay, or the like; to cover (laths or wattle) with 
a composition of clay or mud, and straw or hay, 
ss be to form walls. (Cf. Dab v. 8. ) 

5 EE. E. Allit. P. B. 313 Cleme hit [the ark] with clay 

eoaly with-inne, & alle pe endentur dryuen daube with- 
qolen. 1382 Wyciir Lev. xiv. 42 With other cley the hows 
to be dawbid. 1483 Cath. Angi. 102 Dobe, dinere, illinere. 
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. xxxiv. 145 Thys bastylle muste 
be aduironned with hirdels aboute and dawbed thykke with 
erthe and clay thereupon. 1515 Barctay Eg/oges iv. (1570) 
Civ/1 Of his shepecote dawbe the walles round about. 1530 
Patscr. 507/2 Daube up this wall a pace with plaster .. 
I daube with lome that is tempered with heare or strawe. 
1605 Suaks. Lear u. ii. 71, I will tread this vnboulted 
villaine into morter, and daube the wall of a Iakes with him. 
e1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 169 Little hutts and hovels 
the poor Live in Like Barnes .. daub’d with mud-wall. 
1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss. 243 Stud and mud walling, build- 
ing without bricks or stones, with posts and wattles, or laths 
daubed over with road-mud. 

absol. 1523 Firzuers. Surv. 37 He shall bothe thacke 
& daube at his owne cost and charge. 1642 Rocers Naa- 
man 534 He falls to dawbing with untempered mortar. 

Jig. 1612-5 Br. Hatt Contempl., O. T. xu. vi, He.. 
faine to dawbe up a rotten peace with the basest perathers 

2. To plaster, close , cover over, coat with some 
sticky or greasy substance, smear. 

1597-8 Br. Hat Saz. vi. i. (R.), Whose wrinkled furrows 

..Are daubed full of Venice chalk, 1614 — Recoll. Treat. 
174 Take away this clay from mine eyes, wherewith alas 
they are so dawbed up. 1658 A. Fox tr. Wurts' Surg. 
11. xxviii. 190 She had been plaistered and dawbed with 
Salves along time. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. xv. 309 
We daubed him all over..with tar. 1832 Lanper Adv. 

er II. viii. 26 The women daub their hair with red clay. 

a a 1784 Cowrer Jask v, 360, I would not be a king to 
be. .daubed with undiscerning praise. 

b. To smear or lay ov (a moist or sticky sub- 
stance). Also 

1646 FuLter Wounded Consc. (1841) 289 For comfort 
daubed on will not stick long upon it. 1 Situ 
Compl. Housewife 309 With a fine rag daub it often on the 
face and hands. 

ec. To bribe, ‘ grease’ 
Hane 5b. 2.) 
arjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dawbing, bribin:; 
Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, The cull was scragged Rane 
because he could not dawb. 

3. To coat or cover wth adhering dirt ; to soil, 
bedaub. Also fig. 

a14so Kut. de la Tour (1868) 31 Her heles, the whiche is 
doubed with filthe. = Jove Afol. Tindale 50 Dawbing 
eche — with dirte and myer. 1651 C. Cartwricut Cert. 
Relis . verities, as would have adorned, and not 
dawb'd ¢ Gospel. 1661 Prerys Diary 30 Sept., Having 
been very much daubed with dirt, I got a coach and home. 
1721 De For Mem. Cavalier {2600) 191, The fall plunged 
me in a puddle.. and daubed m Tucker Li. 
Nat, (1852) I. 596 Filthy metal ‘that on could not touch 
without daubing one’s fin: ine Dickens Old C. Shop 
iii, To daub himself wi to the roots of his hair. 
1881 Besant & Rice Chap. wa eet 1, xi. (1883) 89 My name 
is too deeply daubed pe 5 the Fleet mud; it cannot be 
cleansed. 

+4. To soil (paper) with ink, or with bad or 
worthless writing. Ods. 

1589 Marprel. pit. (1843) 6 When men have a gift in 
writing, howe easie it is for them to daube a 618 
Brapsuaw Unreas. ae (1640) 8x In the proofe of 
the Assumption he daubs sixe pages. 1792 SourHEY Lett. 
(1856) I. 7 The latter loss, to one who daubs so much, is 
nothing. 

5. In painting: To lay on (colours) in a crude or 
clumsy fashion ; to paint coarsely and inartistically. 
Also adsol. 

1630 [see DAupep]. 1642 FuLLEeR Holy § Prof. St. v.x. 

394 A trovell will serve as well as a pencill to daub on such 
thick course — 1695 Dryven tr. Du Fresnoy’s Art 


. slang. (Cf. quot. 1876 in 


fps Such . 


a4 


of Painting (L.), A lame, imperfect piece, rudely daubed 
over with too little reflection, and too much haste. 1 
Bure Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 147 The falsehood of t 
colours wl ich [Walpole] suffered to be daubed over that 


measure. 1840 Hoop Uf the Rhine a2 Hg It had been 
so often ted, not to say daubed, TROLLOPE 
Chron. Barset 11. \i.77 He leaned upon his alick, aol and daubed 


away briskly at the background. 

+6. To cover (the person or dress) wzth finery or 
Becine in a coarse, tasteless manner ; to bedizen. 
On. or dial. 

ng Tiger & Lopce a Glass Wks. (Reldg,) 
aie tn tlgeed sag — handsomely it was 
statute-lace. y Pome Woman u. 
7 ahey dowd, poe Pe " its with gold Bede A 
Was. Ge 2) 1 person huge! with go! 
Whitby Gloss. A Vey on any itastically dressed. 
hs rn To cover with a specious exterior; to 
whitewash, cloak, gloss. Ods. ; ‘ 

1643 Becon Agst. Swearing Early Wks. (1843) 375 atery 

ae escape = this ic never aa seem baa 
and craftily erst I Suaxs. Rich. 11, ut. v. 29 ‘So 
smooth he dawb’d his Vice with shew of Vertue. 1678 
Youne Serm. at Whitehall 29 Dec. 31 To dawb and palliate 
our faults, is but like keeping our selves in the dark. 1683 tr. 
Erasmus’ Moriz Enc. 114 They dawb over their oppression 
with a submissive flattering carriage. 1785 [see Dausep]. 

+b. adsol. or intr. To put on a false show; to 
dissemble so as to give a favourable impression. 
ce. To pay court ielirs flattery. Obs. or dial. 

1605 Suaks. Lear iv. Poore Tom’s a cold. I cannot 
daub it further. 1619 W. Waaracy God's Husb. ii. (1622) 52 
What auailed it Ananias and Saphira, to dawbe and counter- 
feit? 1619 W.Scrater Exp. 1 Thess. (1630) 288 With 
such idle distinctions doe they dawbe with conscience. 
1650 Baxter Saints’ R, it. xiii. (1662) 508 Do not daub 
with men, and hide from them their misery or danger. 
1716 Soutu (J. , Letevery one, therefore, attend the sentence 
of his conscience ; for, he may be sure, it will not daub, nor 
flatter. 1876 W acer Daubing..paying court for the 
sake of advantage. Holderness Gloss., Daub, to 
flatter, or besmear with rat compliment, with the object of 
gaining some advantage. 

Daub (d9b), sd. [f. DauBz. In some dialects (d 
dab), whence the spelling dad: cf. DaB sb.! ik 

1. Material for daubing walls, etc. ; plaster, rough 
mortar; clay or mud mixed with stubble or chaff, 
used with laths or wattle to form the walls of cot- 
tages, huts, etc. Hence wattle and daub (also dab). 

1446 Vatton Churchw. Acc. (Somerset Record Soc. 82), 
Item for ryses for the dawbes .. ijd. 1481-90 Howard 
Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 514 Payd.. ‘for bryngyng of dawbe 
and cley in to the said castell. he Manch. Crt. Leet 
Rec. (1885) II. 18 For y* caria any mucke, dunge, 
dawbe, clay. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy, S. Sea (1847) 113 The 
soyle..which, with water..they make into clay, or a cer- 
taine dawbe.. 1857 LivincstoneE 7vav. xix. 369 Traders’ 
houses. . built of wattle and daub. 1876 R. F. Burton Gorilla 
L. 11. 22 Heaps of filthy hovels, wattle and daub and dingy 
thatch. 1884 Cheshire Gloss. 279 A raddle and dobe house. 

b. Anything that is daubed or smeared on. ec. 
Jig. Insincere compliments, flattery. dial. 

1602 Narcissus 209 (1893) Though with the dawbe of 
prayse I am loath to lome her. 1693 Drypen Yuvenal’s 
Sat, v1, (R.), She duely, once a month, renews her face; 
Mean time, it lies in daub, and hid in grease. 1877 Holder- 
ness Gloss., Daub, hypocritical affection. 

2. An act or instance of daubing. 

1669 A. Browne Ars Pict. (1675) 82 And with two or 
three dawbes of your great Pencil, lay it on in an instant. 
1721 Key Sc. Prov. 256 (Jam. )Many a time have I gotten 
a— with a towel; but never a daub with a dishclout before. 

Whitby Gloss., Daub o t’ hand, a bribe; compensa- 
tien. *They got a daub o' t’ hand for’ ee 

3. A patch or smear of some moist substance, 
grease, colouring, etc. 

pa ve Poems, Bea Fi ps Young Nymph, (She) bot 

‘oes to Bed, Rub off the Dawbs of White an 
Red. rs YLOR Anthropol. 418 Their bodies painted with 
black daubs. 


4. A coarsely executed, inartistic painting. 

1761 Sterne 7. Shandy II. xii, And did you step in, 
to take a look at the ieee picture? .."Tis a melancholy 
daub, my lord! 1784 Cowper Zask vi. 285 That he dis- 
cerns diffrence of a Guido froma daub. 1839 MArryat 
peat ache in Amer, 1st Ser. 1. 292 A large collection of daubs, 

its of eminent personages. 1880 A. H. Hutu 
peel age 1.i. 15 A coarse daub of a picture. 

5. attrib. or Comd., as daub-hole. 

S. Bamrorp Early Days i. os An od Aver 
Pan hes house. 1875 Lene Glee OP anbhov 
a clay or marl pit. 

Daubed (agbd), Ppl. a. [f Dave v. + an 

Plastered o with clay, paint, or sticky 
me; Me hatieanA, bearing a specious exterior. 

Allit. P. B. 492 In t cote bee ee or 
da hn a Pallad. oa Husb. 1. 785 Hym liketh best 
a daubed — 1s8t Perrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv, m. 
(1586) 125 dawbed, pargetted, and vermilion died 
faces. 1598 Marston ?: gmat. 235.6 Glittering in dawbed 
lac'd accoustrements. Sir S. tad fgg (2783) 67 67 
This daubed piece. .the face hath no similit 
Fiecpinc ae 1 XXV, 


The painted canvas ane 
innocent ; but the da bed hypocrite most criminal. 
Dauber (d9 ose {f& Davs v. + -ER1, In 


sense I prob. going back to AFr. daudbour, in med. 
L. daubator whitewasher, plasterer.] One who or 
that which daubs. 
+1. One who plasters or covers walls with mortar, 
— — a plasterer; one who builds with 
au Se 


= ‘ ‘ 


DAUBING. 

[c 1300 Lib. Cust. Edw. 1, 1. 99 (Godef.) De de 
daubours, de teulers.) 1382 WyctiF /sa. xli. 25 Asa daubere, 
ora to-tredens the lowe erthe. 1398 Trevisa 
Bi De a XVI. ii. (1495) 553 Claye is erthe.. 
and wi of dawbers. 1419 Liber Albus 
(Rolls Ser) L, 2 ns, plastrers, daubers, 

teulers. ¢ Some come’ 2. Percy Soc.) 10 Parys 


eiinge that Se och te 
2 Kings xii. 12 To them buylded and wroughte in the 
house of the Lorde, namely, to the dawbers and masons. 
1601 Cornwattyes Ess. xi, Straw, and durt good only for 
Thatchers, and Dawbers. Mitton Animadz. vi. (1851) 
ieee Meenmepeess ser 

ortar. in (a sod 
who] under the sobriq “yn = 

and near. a 1825 Forsy ve 9 pie Danae, a wwe tined 
of walls with clay. or mud, mixed with stubble or short 
straw..In Norfolk it is now difficult to find a good dauber. 

+2. Onewho puts a.false show on things; a hypo- 
critical flatterer. Ods. 

Rocers Naaman 425 Put case, thou wert under the 
Ministery of a dawber and flatterer. 1653 Baxter Jeth. 
Toga B Wasken Epictetus Mor: taak If hh 

ALKER Lfictet: lor. 1 e can 
despise The fulsome Dawber, and his Merb sengaad 

= A coarse or unskilful ter. 

baat _— 1. i. §x They were not Artists in 
that rather Dawbers then Drawers. 1697 
Drvonn Viré. (ro) il. 150 % hath been copied by 
many sign- coe Cas 175t Smotietr Per. Pic. (1779) 
II. xlii. 55 at is on name of the dauber who painted 
that? 1880 Manch. Guard. 31 Dec., 2 Sree see .. in 
David Cox something more than a dauber. 

4. U.S. A species of sand-wasp : “from the way 
in which it daubs mud in forming its nest. 

1844 Gosse in Zoologist 11. 582 The little reckgge -informed 
me that these were the nests of dirt-daubers. 1889 in Far- 
MER Americanisms. 

5. Anything used to daub with ; ¢. g. a rag-brush 
or stump used to put blacking upon boots, where 
it is spread by the blacking-brush. 

6. = DasBER _ b (Ogilvie). 


Daubery, Th (dg-bari, dO-bri). [f. 
DavBER: see -ERY. e practice of daubing ; 
the specious or coarse work of a dauber. 

1546 Bate Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 9 To ch up ~_ 
dauberye of the deuyll, <8 vowed wyw and hus- 
bandles chastite. Jézd. Thys dyvinite of yours is but 
jn he daubry. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 1. ii. 186 She 

es by oe by Spels, by th’ Figure, & such dawbry 
be iis 5 is. 169; REKE Sed. Ess. xxii. 123 We should 
have a gracefu Pal baked not a daubery in expression. 
1830 Fraser's Mag. 11. 114 He. .could colour eed side of 
any question brought angie beam wig gay daube: 

Whitby Gloss., Da: lause doubtfully aaa 
sl the Lad a an ind ed announcement, 
( Sin), vol. sb. [-ING1,] 

a: The action of the vb. DavpB in various senses. 

a i Cuinxinc v7. sb.! 2. 

Lanct. P. Pd 198 Peers . oy hem alle to 
on e, In daubyng pest gr in leluyng. ie 
Rec. 111. 241 Temperyng of morter, and latt 

gat pe hous. 1544 Churchw. Acc. St. Giles, Reading 70 
To a mason for lathyng [an]d dawipyg i a ofan G 
Handsom, os 8 yd mead haceslonp a da 
and white, olly changed the very nase toclea: ‘ade Soh 
A. Fox Wurts' oa, S IL. XV. lon To paves this _o—— 


ee — =H Dr. ~_s. 
zap Dene ou ew. bogs - ae 186 pt and 
Puddles whose ill Daubii are 
alwaye ready to alfect and damage the Utcasls and orts. 
1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 432 note, Blackening a 

character which was black h without such daubing. 

b. The putting a false 2 te on anything (0ds.) ; 

h itical flattery. 
as Serm. 11, Pref., That all court 


were pai and their preaching little her than ois 
ing. eet. Scott Chr. re SAS ese mL. & 390 God .. 4 


through all thé Dawbin, ypoctiais, 
Smo.iett 7vav. i. or God Wi Without any daubi: 
pou Nat og Sore at Ms ities Seward in Z. sum 
et, 001 
Such euageeeeed aoakiaa an ae Eppes 
upon poor Cowper. 
e. a — or inartistically ; hence, a 


comely ox eat executed painting. 
1654 WuiTLock Zeta pada ‘o such. .offensive Si, 
Pencill-dawbing. Orway Orphan Ded., Hasty 

will but spoil thee ure. 1713 Pore Guardian No.7 "2, 


1 aeons: ¢ his dawbings to be thought ori —_ 
wrop i 9 How hi in the smoak iteiontt Ta reget! 
ow high genius soar? To 
or alechouses.. 1 thea 


Sir iL 1 Worth'a housefail of vs ‘nates 
2. with which anything is danbed ; 
os mortar or clay used in daubing walls; rough- 


Ww Ezek. Wher is the dawbynge, 
ae 2 [261 atin wherwith gt st 


1598 F mpiastro, a adaubing. 1650 
comb 13 To force and wrong ne. ees Bid 
A it. 1. They.. are not too the second 
dawbin LK 1806-7 A. ot oo hit (281 ; 
I. 49 The old cottages are a “8 


Catron a winter 4 
the wall were ‘chinked being 
“s yellow clay .. 


ie -and the bing, 


b. A to ag ae re Mech. (U.S.), 
a synonym of DuBBinG for 

3. antoib, and Comb. ~ 

cok es Si ts tae ea 


DAUBING. ~ 


Such .. shifting and canvesing, and daubing doings in 
a business of such moment. 1663 GeRBIER Couzsel D ja, The 
old Norman gotish Lime and Haire-like daubing custome. 

Daw bing, #//.@. [-1nc2.] That daubs; es. 
that bedaubs with flattery (ods.). Hence Dau-b- 
ingly adv., in a daubing manner. 

1655 GurNALL Chr. in Arnz. v. § 3 (1669) 84 He hath his 
daubing Preachers. . with their soul-flattering. 1676 WycHER- 
Ley Pl, Dealer 1, She .. hates the lying, masking, daubing 
world. 1682 S. Porpace Medal Rev. Ep.2 As much to the 
life, as the —- Whiggs Heroe most daubingly was 
lately aimed at, by the Author of the Medal. 1719 W. 
Duncomse in ¥. Duncombe’s Lett. (1773) 1. 239 The 
ing sycophant. _— i 

Daubreelite (dgbrlait). AZ. [f. as next + 
-LITE.] A black sulphide of chromium, found in 
meteoric iron. 

1892 Pall Mail G. 17 Sept. 7/2 The. .constituent parts of 
meteoric iron are..numerous compounds, such as ferrous 
sulphide (troilite), sulphide of chromium (daubréelite), 
calcium sulphide (oldhamite). 

Daubreite (dg brzvit). din. [Named 1867 
after M. Daubrée, a French mineralogist : see -ITE.] 
A native oxy-chloride of bismuth. 

1876 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. 111. X11, 396. 

Daubry : see Dausery. 

Daubster (do‘bstaz). [f. Daus, DAUBER: see 
-STER.] A clumsy painter; a dauber. 

1853 Reape Chr. Fohustone vi. 63 The young artist laughed 
the old daubster a merry defiance. 

Dauby (dgbi), z.  [f. Dau sd, +-y.] 

1. Of the nature of or resembling daub; sticky. 

ae Dryven Virg. Georg. wv. 54 Th’ industrious Kind 
With dawby Wax and Flow’rs the Chinks have lin’d. 1787 
Marsuatt Rur. Econ. East Norfolk Gloss., Dauby, clammy, 
sticky; spoken of land when wet. 1884 Ufton-on-Severn 
Gloss., Dauby, damp and sticky; used of bread made from 
‘grown’ wheat. . ‘ ‘ 

. Given to daubing : dirty, etc. (see quots.). dal. 

1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dauby, untidy, dirty. 
Dauby folks, slovenly people in household matters. 1877 
N. W, Linc. Gloss., Dauby, dirty. ‘What a dauby bairn 
thoo art’. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dauby..(2) feignedly 
affectionate ; @ gaudily dressed, without taste. 

3. Of the nature of a daub. 

1829 Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 962 The painter’s work—be it 
dawby or divine. 1878 Moz/ey’s Ess. I. Introd. 43 A slovenly, 
and, to use his own expression, dauby style of writing. 

Daud: see Dan sd.? and v. 

Daudle, var. of DAwDLE. 

Daugh, dauch (day, day”). Sc. Mining. 
[Etymol. uncertain: the form points to an earlicr 
dalgh, dal}; cf. DAUK.] See quots. 

1793 Ure Hist. Rutherglen 289 Daugh, a soft and black 
substance, chiefly of clay, mica, and what resembles coal- 
dust. 1807 Heaprick Avvaz 217 The dauch which separates 
the two seams of coal. 1859-65 Pace Geol. Terms, Douk, 
Dauk, or Daugh, applied in mining to beds or bands of 
hard, tough clay or clayey admixture; generally without 
lamination, and more or less compact and homogeneous. 

Hence Dau‘chy a., of the character of daugh. 

1 Heaprick Arvaz 217, 8 or ro inches of a dauchy 
till. 1845 Whistlebinkie (Sc. Songs) (1890) I. 373 The ice is 
dauchie. 

Daughter (d6:to1). Forms: a. 1 dohtor, -ur, 
1-3 dohter, 3-4 dou3ter, -ir, 3-5 do3ter, -ir, 
-ur, 3-6 (9 dial.) dowter, 4 dohuter, -ir, -yr, 
dow3ghtur, douther, 4-5 doghtir, -ur, douter, 
4-5 (8 Sc.) doghter, 4-6 doughter (dowghter, 
5 doughtur, dughter, dowtir, -yr, pow3tur, 
thowghter, 5-6 Sc. dochtir, 5-9 Sc. dochter, 6 
doughtour, Sc. douchter). £8. (6 dial. dahtorr, 
doffter, 6-7 dafter), 6- daughter (riming with 
after in Pilgr. Prog., etc.). Plural: see below. 
[A Com. Teutonic and Common Aryan word of 
~ relationship, OE. doktor (-ur, -er) = OF ris. dochter, 
OS. dohtar (MDu., Du., LG. dochter), OHG. tohter 
(MHG. tohter, Ger. tochter), ON. détter (:—dohter), 
(Sw., Norw, dotter, Da. datter), Goth. dauhtar :— 
OTeut.*dohtér; corresp. to pre-Germanic *dhukter 
from original *dhughatér, whence Skr. duhitar-, 
Zend duydar, Armen. dusty, OSlav. ditstz, Lith. 
dukté: cf, also Gr. Ovyaérnp. Generally referred to 
the verbal root *dhugh-, Skr. duh- to milk. 

The normal modern repr. of OE. doktor, ME. do3- 
ter, is doughter, still used in 16th c., and now repre- 
sented by Se. dochter, dowchter, north. Eng. dow/er. 
The form daughter appeared in the 16th c. (substi- 
tuted in Cranmer’s ed. of the Bible for Tindale’s 
and Coverdale’s doughter, whence in all later ver- 
sions, and always in’Shakspere and later writers), 
It appears to be of southern origin, and analogous 
to the southern phonetic development of dought, 


aub- 


~esought, thought : a Wells will of 1531 has dahtorrs : 


ene mod. Somerset and Devon (da‘toz). 

nm OE. the dative sing. was dehter; genitive dohtor 
(sometimes dehter); the uninflected genitive continued in 
use to the 16th c. The plural shows a variety of forms, viz. 
OE. doktor, -ur, -er (like the sing.), dohtru, dohtra, North- 
umb. dohter, dohtero; the first of these app. did not survive 
the OE. stage; the form in -z, -a, is represented in early 
ME. by Layamon’s dohtere, dohtre; but Layamon has 
also dohtren, which survived in S.W. dialect to 1500. Ormin 
has dohhtress, and the later text of Layamon dohtres, which 
is always found in northern ME., and became the standard 


45 


form. An umlaut plural de}¢er appears in the West Mid- 
land Adliterative Poems of 14th c. and the Troy-book of 
c 1400 ; it occurs elsewhere with inflexional endings, dehtren, 
dejteres: cf. brether, brethren, The unfixedness of the 
form is seen in this, that the earlier text of Layamon has 
both dohkteve and dohtren, the later both dohtren and 
dohtres; the MSS. of Chaucer also show both doughtres 
and doughtren, Hali Meidenhad has dohtren and dehtren, 
the Adiiterative Poems de}ter and dejteres. 

With the OE. plural forms, cf. OFris. dohtera and doh- 
teren, OHG. tohter, tohterd, tohtertin, MHG., with umlaut, 
tohter, Ger. tochter, LG. dechter. The original Teutonic 
nom. pl. was *dohtriz, in early Norse runes dohtrir, whence 
regularly Norse déty, déttr; acorresponding OE. *dahter, 
*dehter is not found, but the ME. West Midland deter 
may be its descendant. ‘The other forms in the various 
languages are later, and analogical. For OE. doktor, 
dohtru, -ra, see the similar forms under BroTuer: it is 
possible that those in -7z, -va, northern -evo, are assimilated 
to -os, -or stems like lombru, -ra, -ero. ME, do3tren, deztren 
exemplify the usual passage of vowel plurals in ‘early 
southern ME. into the -ez type, and Ormin’s dohtvess the 
early ascendancy of -es plurals in the north and midlands. ] 

A. Illustration of the plural forms. 

+a. OE. dohtor, -ur, -er; dohtra, -ru, -ero ; 
ME. 2-3 dohtere, -tre. 

cx000 Ags. Ps. xliv. 10 Cynincga dohtor [filie regu). 
Lid. cxliii. 15 Heora dohtru [jidiz corun). c1000 Ags. 
Gos. Luke xxiii. 28 Eala dohtra hierusalem [c 950 Lindis/. 
dohtero, c975 Rushw. dohter, c1160 Hatton dohter). 
¢ 1205 Lay. 24509 Comen..bere hehere monnen dohtere. 

+B. 4 de3ter, 4-5 deghter. 

c1325 Z. £. Allit. P. B. 939 Loth & his lef, hys luflyche 
de3ter. oe Destr. Troy 1474 Sonnes .. ffyue .. and pre 
deghter. did. 1489 Of his Deghter by dene .. One Creusa 
was cald, 

+y. 2 dochtren, 3 dohteren, -tren, do3tren, 
4 douh-, dou3-, doghtren, 4-5 doughtren. 

a@1175 Cott. Hont, 225 3edéir sunen and dochtren. c 1205 
Lay. 2924 Pe king hefde preo dohtren [c 1275 dohtres]. 
c1230 Hal: Meid. 41 Pu schalt .. teamen dohtren & sunen. 
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 509 Hor wiues & hor do3tren. ¢ 1320 
Cast. Love 289 Foure douhtren hedde pe kyng. ¢ 1374 
Cuaucer Tvoylus wv. Prol. 22 Oye herynes nyghttes dough- 
tren thre. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. xiii. 15 Tho ii eldest 
doughtren wolde not abide till Leyr hir fadre was deede. 

+6. deghtren; 3-5 dehtren, 5 deytron. 

¢ 1230 Hali Meid. 19 Alle hise sunnen and alle hise dehtren. 
14.. Chron. Eng. 543-5 in Ritson Anc. Metr. Rowt. (1802) 
II. (Matz.), Edward hade.. Nine dehtren ant five sones. 
c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 367 Pe Bysshop..sayde deytron ycham 
fulle hevy. 

€. + dohtres, {| doughters, etc.; daughters. 

cx2z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 19 To sunes and to dohtres. 

c 1250 Gen. & Ex, 1092 Loth and his do3tres two. ¢1300 
Havelok717 Hauelok..And hise two doutres. ¢1325 £. £. 
Allit. P. B. 814 His two dere do3terez. c1340 Cursor M. 
18983 (Fairf.) 3oure sones and 3oure dou3tris. ¢1386 CHaucer 
Nun's Pr. T. 555 Eek hir doghtres two [v.xv. doughtres, 
dou3ters, dowhters, doughteryn]. c14s0 Merlix 3 He had 
thre doughters and a sone. 1535 CoverDALE Acts ii. 17 
Youre sonnes and youre doughters. 1539 CRANMER Zdid. 
Youre sonnes and youre daughters. 

+¢. 4 deghteres, -tres, de3teres, de3tters. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 9623 Sir, o pi deghteresam Ian. c 1325 
£. E. Allit. P. B. 899 py wyf & py wy3ez & py wlonc 
de3tters. 77d. B. 933 His wyf & his wlonk de3teres. 

B. Signification. 

1. prop. The word expressing the relation of 
a female to her parents; female child or offspring. 
The feminine term corresponding to Son. 

a. Form doughter. Obs. exc. dial. 

c1000 Ags, Gosp. Matt. xx. 37 Se de lufad sunu odde 
dohtor [v. 7. dohtur] sw ypur ponne me. cx1160 Hatton G. 
ibid., Se pe lufed sune oo edohter. c 1200 7yix. Coll. Homt. 
197 His seuen sunes and prie dochtres. c1340 Cursor M. 
155 (Trin.) Mary also hir dou3ter mylde [v.~. doghter, 
douther]. 14.. Nominale in Wr.-Wiilcker 691/17, Hic gener, 
a dowghter husband. c 1449 Pecock Refr. v. ili. 500 Marie 
--bare sones and dou3tris after that sche..bare Crist. 1535 
CoverDALE Ezek. xvi. 44 Soch a mother, soch a doughter. 
[Sc. and dad. 1609 SkENE Reg. Maj. 33 Gif there be moe 
dochters nor ane, the heretage sall be ddided amonst them. 
1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc.(t733) I. 8 I’m come your doghter’s 
love to win. 1793 Burns rob to Cunningham 3 Mar., Do 
you know the..old Highland air called ‘ The Sutor’s Doch- 
ter’? 1863 Zyxeside Songs 24 For he a dowter had.J 

B. Form daughter. 

1531 W. Base in Wells Wills (1890) 114 To my to dahtorrs 
akow. 1532 T. Bupp 70éd. (1890) 183 To their eldest dafters. 
1539 CrANMER JZat¢. ix. 18 My daughter is even now 
diseased. 1596 SHaks. 7am. Shr. 1.i.245 So could I ’faith 
boy, to haue the next wish after, That Lucentio indeede had 
Baptistas yongest daughter. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. (Han- 
serd Knollys ed.) 339 Dispondencie, good-man, is coming 
after, And so also is Much-afraid, his Daughter. 1749 
FieLpine Jone Fones vi. vii, The misery of all fathers who 
are so unfortunate as to have daughters. 1847 ‘TENNYSON 
Prine. v. 318 ‘Boys !’ shriek’d the old king, Put vainlier 
than a hen To her false daughters inthe pool. [diad. 1864 
Carern Devon Provinc., Darter, daughter. 1837 DickENS 
Pickw. viii, ‘ My da’ater.’] 

2. transf. A female descendant ; a female mem- 
ber of a family, race, etc.; a woman in relation 
to her native country or place. (Cf. CHILD 9.) 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xii. 15 Ne ondrzed pu Siones dohtor. 
c 1160 Hatton G. ibid., Ne on-drzd pu pe Syones dohter. 
ee Wycur Fudg. xiv. x A womman of the dou3tris of 
Philistien. — Luke xiii. 16 This dou3tre of Abraham. — 
xxiii. 28 Dou3tris of Jerusalem. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. I. 453 
The Love-tale Infected Sions daughters with like heat. 
1812 Byron Ch. Har. u. lxxxi, Danced on the shore the 
daughters of the land. 1833 Tennyson Lady Clara i, The 
daughter of a hundred Earls. 1850 — Jz AZem. Concl. ii, 
A daughter of our house. 1855 — The Brook 69 A daughter 
of our meadows, 


DAUGHTER. 


3. Used as a term of affectionate address to a 
woman or girl by an older person or one in a su- 
perior relation. Ods. or arch. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. ix. 22 Gelyf dohtor, pin geleafa be 
gehelde. c1230 Hali Meid. 3 Jher me dohter he seid. 
1382 Wycur Matt. ix. 22 And Jhesus..saide, Dou3ter, 
haue thou trust; thi faith hath made thee saaf. 1534 
Tinvace 7éid., Doughter, be of good confort. [So 1535 
CovERDALE, 1539 CRANMER, 1557 Geneva, 1582 Rheims; 
1611, daughter.] 1592 Suaxs. Kom, & Ful. iv. i. 39 Are 
you at leisure, Holy Father, now?../77. My leisure serues 
me, pensiue daughter,now. 1790 Cowper Odyssey Xxi11. 79 
To whom thus Euryclea, nurse belov’d, What word, my 
daughter, hath escaped thy lips? : 

4. A girl, maiden, young woman (with no express 
reference to relationship). Ods. or arch. 

1382 Wyciir Song Sol. ii. 2 As a lilie among thornes, so 
my leef among do3tres. 1483 Caxton Ca/o E viij b, If 
a doughter drynke of the water.. yf she be a mayde she 
shal crye. 161x Biste Prov. xxxi. 29 Many daughters haue 
done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. 1818 SHELLEY 
Revolt of Islam vit. ii. 9 She is some bride, Or daughter 
of high birth, : ‘ ; 

5. fig. A woman viewed in relation to some one 
whose spirit she inherits, or to some characteristic 
quality, pursuit, or other circumstance. (A He- 
braism of Scripture.) (Cf. CHILD 12, 13.) 

1382 Wycuir Zcc?. xii. 4 And alle the do3tris of the song 
shul become doumb. — 1 Pet. iii. 6 As Sare obeschide to 
Abraham .. of whom 3e ben dou3tres wel doynge. 1738 
Westey Wks, (1872) I. 158 A daughter of affliction came to 
see me. 1847 TENNYSON Princ. Iv. 259 Eight daughters of 
the plough, stronger than men. 185g in Allibone Dict. Eng. 
Lit. \. 266 We.. claim her [Mrs. Browning] as Shakspere’s 
daughter ! 

6. fg. Anything (personified as female) con- 
sidered in relation to its origin or source. 

¢ 1230 Hali Meid. 15 Vre wit is godes dohter. 1340 Ayend. 
26 Fole ssame. .is..do3ter of prede. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 
653 God..left that Command Sole Daughter of his voice. 
1728 Pore Duc. 1. 12 Dulness..Daughter of Chaos and 
eternal Night. 1805 Wornsw. Ode to Duty x Stern Daughter 
of the Voice of God! O Duty! 1820 SHetiry The Cloud 
vi, I am the daughter of earth and water. AZod. Italian, 
the eldest daughter of ancient Latin. 

b. Applied to the relation of cities to their 
metropolis or mother-city; in Scripture to the 
smaller towns dependent on a chief city. 

1535 CoveRDALE Yosh. xv. 47 Asdod with the doughters 
[1611 towns] and vyllages therof. JZod. Carthage the 
famous daughter of ‘lyre. 

ce. Duke of Exeter's daughter, Scavenger’s {cor- 
ruption of Skevington’s] daughter ; names given to 
instruments of torture of which the invention is 
attributed to the Duke of Exeter and Sir W. 
Skevington, Lieutenant of the Tower of London, 
respectively. So gunner's daughter, the gun to 
which seamen were lashed to be flogged. See 
GUNNER, SCAVENGER. 

[1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. w. xiii. 301 A daughter of 
the Duke of Exeter invented a brake or cruel rack.] @ 1700 
B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Duke of Exeter's Daughter, 
a Rack in the Tower of London, to torture and force Con- 
fession; supposed to be introduced by him. 1720 Stow’s 
Surv. (ed. Strype 1754) I. 1. xiv. 66/2 The Brake or rack, 
commonly called the Duke of Exeter’s daughter because he 
was the deviser of that torture. 1878 J. Garrpner Rich. ///, 
iv. 125 Being. .a prisoner in the Tower, in the severe embrace 
of ‘the Duke of Exeter’s daughter’. 

7. attrib. and Comb. (usually fig.), as daughter- 
branch, -bud, -city, -house, -tsland, -language, 
-state; daughter-like adj.; daughter-cell (/70/.), 
one of two or more cells produced by the fission 
of an original or mother-cell. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 510 The rare example 
of daughter-like pietie. 1614 Ratreicu Hist. World i. ix. 
§ x (R.) A fruitful vine planted by the well side, and spread 
her daughter-branches along the wall. 1641 Mitton Keform. 
Wks. (1847) 21 This Britannic empire. . with all her daughter- 
islands about her. @1721 Prior Celia to Damon 104 And 
when the parent rose decays and dies .. the daughter-buds 
arise. 187x Marcus Dons tr. St. Aug. City of God 1, 107 
How, then, could that be a glorious war which a daughter- 
state waged against its mother? 1876 Wagner's Gen. 
Pathol. 92 The daughter-cells separate after complete divi- 
sion. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 5 The Phoenicians alike 
of the parent country and daughter cities. 1882 Vines 
Sachs’ Bot. 139 One of the two daughter-cells (the Apical 
Cell) remains. .similar to the mother-cell. 1886 App. BENSON 
Prayer at opening Col. & Ind. Exhib, May 4, That all the 
daughter-lands of her Realms and Empire may be knit 
together in perfect unity. 

Hence Dau ghterful a. (xouce-wa.), full of 
daughters. Dau‘ghterhood, (a) the condition of 
being a daughter; (4) daughters collectively (cf. 
sisterhood). Dau'ghterkin (sonce-wd. after Ger. 
tochterchen), little daughter. Dau‘ghterless c., 
without adaughter. Dau‘ghterling (so0vce-wd.), 
little daughter. Dau'ghtership (once-wd.), the 
condition or relation of a daughter. 

1830 CarLyLE in For. Rev. §& Cont. Misc. V. 45 In a 
daughter-full house. 1835 Tait’s Mag. II. 101 The 
motherhood of Great Britain .. and the unportioned daugh- 
terhood. 1890 J. Putsrorp Loyalty to Christ I. 250 
Daughter, thou hast lost thy divine daughterhood. 1858 
Cartyte Fredk. Gt. I. x. i. 571 His poor little Daughter- 
kin. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 305 Ye shull for me be 
doughterles. 1887 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 434 Wifeless and 
daughterless, 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxv. (D.\, What 
am I to do with this daughter or daughterling of mine? 


DAUGHTER-IN-LAW. 


1808 Sourney Leé¢. (1856) II. 65, I shall not condole with 
you on the daughtership, 

Dau'ghter-in-law. [See Brorner-tn-Law.] 

1. The wife of one’s son. 

1382 Wyc.iv Ruth i. 22 Thanne cam Noemy with Ruth 
Moabite, hir dou3ter in lawe. cx1440 Promp. Parv. 129 
Do3tyr in lawe, murus, 1611 Binte Matt, x. 35 The 
dau, ts in law against her mother in law. 1886 Besant 
Childr. Gibeon u. xxxii, A mother is difficult to please in 
the matter of daughters-in-law. . : 

2. =SreppaucuTeR. (Now considered incorrect. 
Cf. FATHER-IN-LAW 2.) oe 

{1530 Parser. 215/1 Doughter in lawe, delle fille.) 1841 
Gon. Mag. 1. 312 Isabella, daughter of the late Lieut. 
= Raleigh Elwes .. and daughter-in-law to J. Brown, 


Daughter-law. Now dial, = DAUGHTER-IN-LAW. 

1526-34 TINDALE Matt. x. 25 The doughterlawe ageynst 
her motherlawe. 1567 TuRBERVILLE Ovid's Epist. 36 
(Halliw.) Thy father would not entertaine In Greece a 
daughter-lawe. 1888 Etwortuy W. Somerset Word-bk., 
Darter-lazw, (always) daughter-in-law. 

Daughterly (d¢taili), a. [f Davcurer + 
-LY 1,] Pertaining to or characteristic of a daugh- 
ter; such as becomes a daughter; filial. 

1535 More Ws. 1449 (R.) Youre very daughterly dealing. 
1 EIGH Armorie (1597) 96b, Mooued to knowe their 
seuerall actions and daughterly loue. nice ent ger Tears 
Affect. a relate .. the soft tale Of daughterly affection. 
1871 H. B. Forman Our mange Sle 231 The mere fear 
lest our wives and daughters should .. become less wifely 
and daughterly. 

Hence Dau‘ghterliness. 

1664 H. More £-xf. 7 Epist. Bij b, The Womanishnesse or 
Daughterlinesse, if I may so speak, of the Church of Rome. 
1882 Argosy XXXIV. 280 She cared for her with a tender 
daughterliness. ; 

Dauk (d9k). Adining. Also (Sc.) dalk, dawk, 
(north Eng.) dowk. [The earlier Sc. form was 
evidently da/k, but the north Eng. points to do/k: 
the etymology is obscure; cf. DAuGH.] See quots. 

1795 Statist. Acc. Stirlings. XV. 329 (Jam.) Below the 
coal, there is eighteen inches of a stuff, which the workmen 
term dalk. 1829 Sopwitn J/ines Alston Moor 108 In Alston 
the contents of the unproductive parts of veins are chiefly 
described as dowk and rider. The former isa brown, friable, 
and soft soil. 1859-65 Pace Geol. Terms, Dauk or Dawk, 
a mining or Page term for bands and beds of tough, com- 

ct, sandy clay. 1873 Swadedale Gloss., Dowk, tenacious 
black clay in a lead vein, 1876 Mid-Yorks. Gloss., Dowk, 
a mine-working of a stiff clayey nature. Nidderdale. 

Dauk, da : see DAwk, DawKIN. 

+Dauke. Obs. rare. [ad. L. daucus, daucum 
carrot.] The wild carrot, Daucus Carota. 

c1450 A lphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 47 Daucus creticus .. gall. 
dauk. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 73/1 The Dauke, or 
wild Carrot [hath] flower white. 

Daulk, obs. form of DALkK 2, 

Daulphin, obs. form of DaupHIN. 

Dault, var. Dat; obs. pa. pple. of DEAL v. 

Daun, obs. form of Dan}, 


+Daunch, a. O/s. Fastidious. 

c1460 Towneley Myst. xvii. 509 Begyn I to rekyn I thynk 
alle dysdayn For daunche, 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Daunch, 
ads fastidious, over nice, squeamish. 

auncherous, obs. form of DANGEROUS. 

Daunder, Dauner, Daunger: see DANDER, 
DANGER. 

+Dawnsel, v. Os. [a. OF. daunceler, dan- 
zeler to caress, dandle, f. danzele, dansele damsel, 
girl.] To caress, make much of, coax. 

1362 Lanct. P. PZ. A. x1. 30 Luytel is he loued or leten bi 
pat such a lessun redeb, Or daunseled [v. x. dauntid] or 
drawen forp. 1393 /éid. C. vit. 20 (MS. F.) Demed for her 
doyngus & daunselde [other MSS. excited) many opure. 

aunt (dont), v. Also 4-6 daunte, dawnt(e, 
4-7 (4-6 Sc.) dant. [a. OF. dante-r (12-14th c. 
in Littré), var. of donter (mod.F, dompter) = Pr. 
domtar:—L. domitare, freq. of domare to tame, 
subdue. (For the a of danter, cf. DAN sb.1)] 
I. +1. “vans. To overcome, subdue, vanquish. 
c1300 K, Adis. 1312 Sone he wol daunte thy maigne! 
1375 Barsour Bruce tv. 602 The lord persy..Dantit suagat 
all the land. 1391 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. vil. 147 Hercules .. 
dawntede be proude Centauris. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 
1v. xii, He mette an hydeous nt, . With his great strokes 
he did hym daunt. ‘ompl, Scot. i. 21 The riche 
monarche of rome, quhilk dantit ande subdeuit al the 
varld? 1610 HoLttanp Camden's Brit. (1637) as6 Bein; 
now daunted by time, there remaineth an of rammell 
and rubbish, witnessing the ruines thereof. 

+ 2. To tame, break in (an animal). Ods. 

1377 Lanci. P. PZ. B. xv. 393 Makometh .. Daunted 
a dowue, and day and ny3te fedde, x CaxTON 
Myrr. it. vi. 72 Bullys whi .-haue hornes remeue 
about hym so that noman may tame ne daunte them. 1549 
Compl. Scot. xvii. 145 Sum of them began to plant treis, 
sum to dant beystis. 1569 Newton Cicero's Olde Age 43 a, 
To daunte fierce horses. | fs 

+3. fg. To bring into subjection, subdue, tame ; 
to hold in subjection, control. Ods. 

1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 8420 Pat pou mayst nat py 
flesshe daunte Be not barfor yn wanhope. c1390 CHAUCER 
Truth 13 Daunt thi self that dauntest otheres dede. ¢ 1425 


Jas._1 (Scotl.) Good Counsel in Kingis Q. (1884) 51 Sen - 


word is thrall and thocht is only free, w dant thi twnge, 
that pouer has and may. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 14 
Thay quhilk wil nocht suffer to dant and rewl thayme 
..efter his halie wil. x16ax Burton Anat, Mel. 1. ii. tv. vii. 
(1651) 163 It daunts whole kingdoms and cities. 


46 


+b. To cast down, put down, quell. Ods. 
? ax1400 Arthur 113 He daunted de & h 
poms. segs Deere. Occurrents (3633) is To dant t 
lence of rgeerle Huntlie, 1594 G. W. Senior Pre/. 
Verses Spenser's Amoretti, Dawnting thereby our neigh- 
boures auncient pride. 1709 Stayre Ann. Re/. I. xlvii. 511 
The secretary in a letter ..trusted the Queen’s Maje: 
would proceed. here in suc sory as both these miochiet 
would be daunted. s ycad 

4. To abate the courage of, discourage, dispirit ; 
to put in awe, abash; to overcome with fear, in- 
timidate, cause to quail. (The current sense.) 

1475 Rauf Coilzear 600, I dreid me, sa he dantit the, 
thow durst not with him deill. 1868 Grarron Chron. II. 
615 This discomfiture. .daunted the hartes of the. .Gascons. 
1596 Suaxs. Zam. Shr. 1. ii. 200 Thinke you a little dinne 
can daunt mine eares? 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 1063 
True Christian fortitude .. may be overborne, but it cannot 
be daunted. 1781 Gisson Decl. & F. I. xxxii. 227 The 
spirit of their chief was not daunted by misfortune. 1863 

£0. Exot Romola u. iv, She was not daunted by the 
practical difficulties in the way. : 

+5. To daze, stupefy. Ods. exc. dial. 

181 Mutcaster Positions xiii. (1887) 62 Such as.. haue 
their senses daunted, either thorough dreaming melancholie, 
or dulling phleame, 1590 Srenser F. Q. 1. i. 18 Much 
daunted with that dint her sence was 184: 
Hatutw., Daunt..in the provinces, to stun, to knock down. 

+ II. 6. To dandle, fondle, caress. Ods. 

1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 4880 pe fadyr .. Pe chylde 
dauntede on hys kne. 1382 Wycuir /sa, Ixvi. 12 Vp on the 
knes men shul daunte 30u. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia 
VIII. 132 Wib siche woordes & cosses dauntynge hir 
body. 1483 Cath. Angi. 92 To Dawnte (A. or to cherys), 
blanditractare. 

+b. adsol. To toy. Ods. rare. 

1529 SKELTON /mage [pocr. 225 Some daunte and dal 
oan ae blak ally Wheras ee ke is. 7 

III. 7. Herring Fishery. To press salted 
herrings into the barrel with a ‘daunt’. 

1733 P. Linvsay /nterest Scot. 201 The largest Herrings 
..repackt by themselves, and sufficiently served with fresh 
Salt, daunted and well oyled. 1891 Xep. Deputation Fishery 
Board Scot. to Continent 7 No daunting should be used, 
when the barrel is fully filled up, but it is most desirable on 
the first filling up. 

Daunt, sd. [f. Daunrz.] 

+1. The act of daunting ; dispiriting, intimida- 
tion; a check. Ods. 

a 1400 in Leg. Rood 139 Pe deuel..Mony folk In-to helle he 
clihte, Til pe crosses 9 be ae him a daunt. 1 Twyne 
AE neid. x1. iw b, O Tyrrhene dastardes still ? t daunt 
within youre hartes doth light? 1640 Br. ReyNoLps Passions 
xxvii. 279 Ina sudden daunt and onset of an unexpected evill. 

+2. Dandljng, caress. Obs. 

a1548 Thrie Priests Peblis in Pinkerton Sc. Poems 1. 43 
(Jam.) Of me altyme thow gave but lytil tail; Na of me 
wald have dant nor dail. 

8. Herring Fishery. A disc of wood, usually 
made of two barrel heads nailed together cross-wise, 
used to press down salted herrings in the barrels. 

1890 Regul. Branding Herrings (Sc. Fishery Board) 5 
The daunt must be used with all repacked herrings. /did.6 
The. .herrings then left in the barrel..shall be pressed down 
. steadily and uniformly, by daunt or otherwise. 

Daunted (dontéed), pp. a. Also 4-6 Sc. 
dantit, -yt. [f. Daunt v.+-ED1.] 

+1. Tamed, subdued, brought under control ; 
trained (quot. 1530). Ods. 

€1378 Sc. Leg. Saints, Yacobus 350 Pe oxine [30kkit] to pe 
wane mekly As pai had bene wel add ky. 1487 Sc. Acts 
¥as. II[, c. 18 Davntit hors depute to werk & nocht to be 
sadill, 1530 Lynpesay Jest. Papyngo 277 Maisteris of 
Museik, to recreat thy spreit With dantit voce and plesande 
Instrument. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus Prol. 229 Be dantit 
refrenatioun, A man may. .alter his Inclinatioun. 

2. Dispirited ; overcome with fear. 


stall 


I Howinsuep Chron. 1. 176/2 The forepart of his 
dawnted host. 1771 Mrs. Grirritn tr. Viaud's Shipwreck 
143 The daunted fook with which he eyed us, 1867 Jean 


IncELow Poems, Story Doom vi. 46 The daunted mighty 
ones kept silent watch. 

Hence Dau‘ntedness. 

1660 G. Fox Salut. to Chas. I, 6 God struck thy Fathers 
Party with dauntedness of spirit. 

Daunten: see Daunton v. Se. 

Daunter (d9‘nte1). Also 6 Sc. danter, -ar. 
[f. Daunt v. + -ER}.] 

1. One who daunts; +a subduer, vanquisher. 

1513 Douctas nis 1. Prol.226 Danter of Affrik, Quene 
fundar of Cartage. 1552 Lynpesay Monarche 4183 The 
danter of the Romanis pompe and glorye. 1586 WARNER 
Adb. Eng. 1. vi.(R.), The danter then of tres; ~ 

+2. A tamer (of horses), horse-breaker. Ods. 
223 —— eee ye iv. 84 Kyng Picus, Henne of 

jOrss. 1 ‘compl, cot. XV. 151 ie maist perfyit indus- 
treus F.. dantars of macedon. 

Daunting (dgntin), v/. sd. [-1NG1.] The 
action of the verb Daunt; vanquishing; taming; 
ca ; discouragement, intimidation. 

c1400 Rom. Rose 4032 Man may for no gauntyig, Mee 
a sperhauke of a bosarde. ¢ 1440 Promf, Parv. 11 wnt- 
ynge, or grete chersynge, focio. 1581 MULCASTER ‘ositions 
xii, (ssi f 235 It is a great daunting to the best able man. 
1654 E. Jounson Wond. Work, Provid. 117 To the danting 
of every heart. 

Dawnting, ///. az. [-1NG*.] That daunts: 
intimidating, etc. ; see the verb. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 21343 (Cott.) Leon dantand harsk and 
herd. 1585 Faire Em wu. 1052 As for his menacing 
and daunting threats. 1677 Gitrin Demonol. (1867) 467 


euents are those which 


a daungtingnesse or daring, 

Dauntless (dpntlés),a.  [f. Daunr z. (hardly 
from the sé.) + -LESS.] Not to be daunted ; fear- 
less, intrepid, bold, undaunted. 

1593 Suaks, 3 Hen. VI, mu. iii. 17 Let thy dauntlesse 
minde still ride in triumph, Ouer all mischance. 1 
Mitton P, LZ. 1. 603 B: Of d 1 
Gray Fatal Sisters 41 Low the dauntless 
1817 Scorr (¢itde), Harold the Dauntless. 1874 Green 
Short Hist. viii. § 5. 514 Laud was as dauntless 

Hence Dawntlessly adv,, Dauntlessness. 

1813 Suetitey Q. Maéb vu. 196 Therefore I rose, and 
dauntlessly My lonely.. pilgri 5 Baitey 
(folio), Dauntlesness, a being wi t Fear or Di ge- 
ment. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U.S. VI. xlviii. 292 Shelby. . 
among the dauntless singled out for dauntlessness. 

Daunton, danton (dgntan),v, Sc. Forms: 
6-7 dantoun, & danton, 7-9 daunten, 8-9 
daunton. [A derivative form of Daunt z.; perh. 
a mistaken form of daunten pres. inf, (in Chaucer, 
etc.). Always spelt danton, -oun in earlier Sc., as 
dant was then regularly used for daunt.] =Daunt 
v.: To subdue, tame, intimidate, etc. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 8 How the Emprioure 
Theodocius send ane Armje..to dantoun this foirsaid Oc- 
taueus. a1572 Knox Hist. Ref Wks. 1846 I. 371 This 
wonderouse wark of God. .aucht to have dantoned itr furie. 
1599 Jas. I BagiA. Awpov ut. 121 Use..to ride and danton. . 
couragious horses. 1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ, Nameless 
Cath, 121 To enforce a grant, or daunten the Prince. 1681 
Cotvi. Whigs Supplic. (1751) 128 Who once at Rome, his 

ride to danton, His nose saluted with a panton. c 1794 

urns Song, Blude red Rose, An auld man | never 
daunton me. 1837 R. Nicott Poems (1842) 162 Its sadness 
shall never danton me. P 

Hence Dau‘ntoned £//. a., tamed, broken in. 

1597 Skene Quon. Attach. c. 48 § 11 Bot it is otherwise of 
a tame and dantoned horse [de eguo domito}. 

Daunz, obs. form of Dan 1. 

Dauphin (d9‘fin). 77. Hist. Forms: a. 5-6 
dolphyn, 6 dolphyne, dolphine, doulphyn, 
6-8 dolphin; f. 5 daulphyn, 6-7 daulphin, 
ie dauphin. [a. F. dauphin (earlier daulphin, 
in 15th c. also doffin) = Pr. dalfin:—pop. L. *dal- 
phinus, for L. delphin-us (ad. Gr. deAgis dolphin), 
whence Sp. de/fin, It. de/fino. In earlier use Eng. 
had daulphin, also dolphyn, -in, the same as the 
name of the fish; dauphin is after mod.F., since the 
17th c. See DoLpuin.] The title of the eldest 
son of the King of France, from 1349 to 1830. 

Originally a title attached to certain sei ries : Dauphin 
of the Viennois, Dauphin of Auvergne. According to Littré, 
the name Dauphin, borne by the lords of the Viennois, 
was a proper name De/phinus (the same word as the name 
of the fish), whence es subject to them was called 
Dauphiné. Humbert III, the last lord of Dauphiné, on 
ceding the province to Philip of Valois in 134 e it 
a condition that the title should be eahed by boing 
borne by the eldest son of the French 

a. Form daulphin, dau, hin. 

1485, Caxton Paris § V.1 A ryche baron daulphyn and 
lord of the lond. @ 1377 Sir T. Smrru Comomrw. Eng. (1633) 
44 In France the ngs eldest Sonne hath the title of 
Daulphin. 1614 Sepen Titles Hon. 172 The sonne and 
heire apparant of the French King is known to all by the 
name of Daulphin, 1681 Nevite Plato Rediv, 107 The 
Barons call’d in Lewis the Dauphin. 1871 Mortry Vollaire 
(1880) 159 To celebrate the marriage of the dauphin. 

B. Form dolphin, dolphyn, doulphyn, (Rare 
after 1670.) 

1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. 500 K 
his sone, dolphyn ee V ya 

Doul, the frenc ynges eldest sonne. 
at ‘Salisbury Charl 


Mirr. Mag. xxiii, les the Dolphyn our chief 
enemy. xgpt Suaxs. 1 Hen. VI, 1, i.92 The Dolphin Charles 
is crowns ing in i Espernon i. v. 
216 The Joy al Frenchmen were full of, for the Birth 


T. Ww: Eng. Re. 
of the young Detphie. = ha Dalptia Secrisd boar 
42. attrib. or adj, =DELPHIN, q.v. Obs. 
1705 Hearne Collect. (Oxf, Hist. Soc.) I. 14 The Dauphin 
Edition of this Author. 
Hence }Dauphinage (do/p/ ynase) Dauphinate, 
the rule or jurisdiction of a dauphin (of Viennois). 
1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 498 In this Peay the dolphyn of 
Vyen .. solde his =p aAy: # vnto the Frenshe ; 
J. Woopwarp in 4. § Q. 16 Aug. 137 The 
of Viennois was then petri in . = eas 
Dauphiness (d9‘finés). Forms: a. - 
phines, dolphynesse, ctc.; 8. 6 daulph-, 7- 


dauphiness. [f. Davurnin + -kss; the F. title 
is ay ey e wife of the dauphin, { 

1 Aut Chron, 230 b, The dolphin & his 
Ibid. 240 b, The Ladye Eli , enti Dolphynesse of 
Vyen. 1596 Danert tr. Comines 202 The Lady Se. 
1685 Gas. No. 2048/3 The King. ied with 
the ey 7 and Daaphicass, 1712 SwirT . Stella 
11 Feb,, It is surprising this news to-day, the dauphin 
and d within six days. 1860 Froupr 
Hist. » Vi. | dangerous competition of the 

ueen of of France. 

ur, Sc. f. Darg. Daurg, var. of Dare Sc, 


DAUT. 
Daut, dawt (dot), v. Sc. Also 6-8 date. 
[Etymology unknown. 
If dant, dawt, is, as it appears to be, the proper form, it 


ought to represent an original dadt: cf. Sc. faut, maut, 
saut, etc. 5 (si the two 16-17th c, examples of date from 
Scotch writers of English make even this doubtful. Dad¢ 
suggests Gael. da/ta foster-child; but, though the word 
ap} to be exclusively Scotch, there is no evidence 
pointing to a Gaelic origin. Connexion with Dore, doat 
is excluded by the fact that Sc. az, aw, does not answer 
to Eng. d from any source. Cf. also Daunr v. 6.] 

trans. To pet, fondle, caress, make much of. Also 


absol. 

1500-20 Dunpar Petit. Gray Horse 49, I was nevir dautit 
into stabell, My lyf hes bene so miserable. 1573 Commend. 
Vprichtnes 228 in Sat. Poems Ref. (1891) I. 285 Quha 
preissis vprichtlie To serue the Lord mon. -na wayis dres to 
daut thame daintelie. @1598 Rottocke Passion 491-2 
(Jam.) The father will make much of his sonne, and allure 
him..so the Lord dates and allures us. 1633 W. SrruTHER 
True Happiness 123 Though he datted the Patriarchs by 
the familiaritie of his divine presence. 1637 RuTHERFORD 
Lett. (1862) I. 461, I am dawted now and then with pieces 
of Christ’s love and comforts. 1786 Burns Poet's Welcome 
to Child ii, 1, fatherly, will kiss and daut thee. 1853 J. 
Mine Frni. in Life xiii. (1868) 203 My Lord surely dawts 
his weak foolish child. 

Hence Dauted, Dawted A//. a., petted, fondled. 

1636 RutHerrorp Lett. (1862) I. 193, I am handled as 
softly and delicately as a dawted child, 1692 Scot. Presdyt. 
£loq.(1738) 105 Will not a Father take his little dated Davie 
in his Arms. 1796 Macneitt Will § Fean vii, The tenderest 
mither, Fond of ilk dear dauted wean, 1851 Cusnbrid. 
Gloss., Dawtet, caressed, fondled. 


Dautie, dawtie (dgti). Sc. Also dawty. 
[f. prec. orits source: but a formation with the dim. 
and appellative -ze, -y, from a verb, is unusual.] A 
person caressed or indulged; a darling, pet, 
favourite. 

1676 J. Fraser A xutobiog. in Select. Biog. (Wodrow Soc.) 
II. 89, [wasnodawty. 1727 P. WaLkEr Remark. Passages 
122 (Jam.) Giving an account of old Quintin Dick, one of 
his Dawties. 1823 Gatt Zxtai@ I. xix. 156, ‘I hae thought 
o' that, Girzy, my dawty’, said he. 

|| Dauw (dau). Also dau, dow. [South African 
Dutch form of the native name.] A South African 
species of zebra, Hguus Burchelliz, approaching 
the quagga in character. 

1802 Sporting Mag. XX. 140 Two sorts of wild horses, the 
Dau and the Kwagga, 1847 Nat. Encycl. I. 265 The 
indigenous Pachydermata are .. the zebra, the dauw, the 
quagga. ; 

+ Davach, -och. ‘Sc. //ist. In 7 dawach(e. 
[Olr. dabach, dabhach vat, tub (perhaps as a corn- 
measure) ; cf. the similar uses of Aint, pottle, and 
gallon, as measures of land in Anglo-Irish, In 
medL. davaca (erron. -ata). 

A conjectured derivation from damh ox, is erroneous. 
Dabach occurs as a land-measure in the ‘ Book of Deir’, 
(Gotdelica (ed. 2) 217.)] 

An ancient Scottish measure of land, consisting 
in the east of Scotland of 4 ploughgates, each of 8 
oxgangs ; in the west divided into twenty penny- 
lands. It is said to have averaged 416 acres, but its 
extent probably varied with the quality of the land. 

1609 SKENE tr. Quon, Attach. xxiii. § 1x Provyding that 
the husband man did haue of him the aucht parte of ane 
dawache of land [warg. of ane oxgait of land], or mair 
[unius dauace terre vel plus). 1 Statist. Acc. Scot. 
XIII. 509 There isa davoch of land belonging to this parish. 
1797 /bid. XIX. 290 A davoch contains 32 oxen-gates of 13 
acres each, or 416 acres of arable land. ¢18r7 Hocc Tales 
§ Sk. VI. 269 Heir to seven ploughgates of land, and five half 
davochs, 1854 C. Innes Orig. Paroch. Scot. 11. 335 By an 
ordinance of King John Balliol in 1292 eight davachs of 
land, including the islands of Egge and Rume, were among 
the lands then erected into the Sheriffdom of Skey. 1872 
E. W. Rosertson Hist. Ess. 127 Davoch, a large pastoral 
measure at one time answering to the plough-gate, though 
in actual extent 4 times as large. 

Davenport (dev’npost). Also devonport. 
[Said to be from the maker’s name.] <A kind of 
small ornamental writing-table or escritoire fitted 
with drawers, etc. 

(Remembered in 1845.) 1853 Pract. Mechanic's ¥rni. V1. 
212 This very elegant and convenient desk is similar to an 
ordinary Devonport. 7878 Argosy May 329 At her daven- 
port, pen in hand, sat her Song 

arn 1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 235/1 An inlaid daven- 
port desk. 

Daver (déi-vax), v. dial, [Of unknown etymo- 
logy; possibly I and II are different words.] 

I. Scotch and north. Eng. intr. To move or 
walk as if dazed or stupefied, to stagger ; also to 
be benumbed. ¢rans, To stupefy, stun, benumb. 

¢x600 Bure in Watson Collect. ii. (1706) 30 (Jam.) Bot 
tauren and dauren, Like ane daft doitit fule. 1783 9nd. 
Jr. Lond. 6 in Poems Buchan Dial. (Jam.), We bein wat 
wou’d soon grow davert to stand..i’ the cauld that time o’ 
night. 1796 Macnee Wil? & Yean Ixiii, See them now— 
how changed wi’ drinking! .. Davered, doited, daized and 
blinking. 1820 St, Kathleen III. 115 (Jam.) ‘ Here’s the 
bed, man ! Whare. .are ye davering to? E. Swinsurne 
in J. Raine Mem. ¥. Hodgson (1858) II. 45, I am somewhat 


davered about the vignettes. 
II. south-west. dial, intr. To fade, wither. 


Also fig. (In first quot. causative or trans.) 

1621 J. Reynotps God's Revenge agst. Murder 1. v. 154 
As if time and age had not power to wither the blossomes of 
our youth, as the Sunne hath to dauer the freshest Roses 


47 


and Lillies, 1622 W. Yoncr Diary 63 [The] hedges .. 
davered as if they had been scorched with lightning, = 
Virvain Efit. Ess. vu. 54 My Piety ’gan to daver [L. Zade- 
Jacta cadebat). 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Daver, to fade 
like a flower. Devon. 1864 Carern Devon Provinc., Thy 
heart is like the daver’d rose. 1880 W. Cornwadl Gloss., 
Dawver, to soil; to fade as a flower. 

Davey: see Davy. David, obs. form of Davir. 

Davidian : =Davivist. 

1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. IlI. 472 The rising 
Davidians, Davists, Georgists, or Family of Love, which .. 
gave trouble in the reign of Elizabeth, 

Da‘vidist. [f. personal name David + -1st.] 

1. One of a fanatical sect founded by David 
George or Jores, a Dutch Anabaptist of the 16th 
century. Also David-Georgian, -jorian, -jorist. 

1657, Baxter Agst. Quakers 13 Down to the David- 
Georgians, Wegelians, Familists, and the like of late, 
ser st Cuampers Cycl., Davidists..a sect of heretics. 
1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 1471 The ‘ David- 
jorists’, and other uproarious Anabaptists. 

2. A follower of David of Dinant. 

Davidsonite (dé‘-vidsonait). Min. [Named 
1836 after Dr. Davidson of Aberdeen: see -1TE.] 
A variety of beryl found near Aberdeen. 

18: T. ‘THomson Min. 1. 247. : 

(David’s quadrant or staff, error for Davis’s 
quadrant; see QUADRANT, STAFF, and List of 
Spurious Words.] 

Davie: see Davy. 

Darviely, adv. Sc. Spiritlessly, listlessly. 

1789 Burns Elegy on 1788, Observe the vera nowte an’ 
sheep, How dowf and daviely they creep. 1825 in JAMIESON. 

Davina (J/in.): see Davynr. 

Da‘vist: =Davivist. 

1885 R. W. Dixon Ast. Ch. Eng. III. 201. 

Dawvit (deevit, dzi-vit). Mazt. Forms: 4 daviot, 
7 dauid, -yd, -ed, 7- davit. [Formerly also 
David, and app. an application of that Christian 
name, as in the case of other machines and tools. 
Cf. F. davier, the name of several tools, etc., altered 
from daviet (Rabelais) = Daviet, dim. of OF. Davi 
David; the tool was still called david by joiners in 
the 17th c. (Hatzfeld and Darmesteter).] 

1. a. A curved piece of timber or iron with 
a roller or sheave at the end, projecting from a 
ship’s bow, and used as a crane to hoist the flukes 
of the anchor without injuring the side of the vessel ; 
a fish-davit. b. One of a pair of cranes on the 
side or stern of a ship, fitted with sheaves and 
pulleys for suspending or lowering a boat. 

(1373 in Norman-Fr. Indenture in Riley Lond. Mem. 370 
(transl.), 30 ores, 1 daviot, for the same boat.] 1622 R. 
Hawkins Voy, S. Sea (1847) 188 His boate fitted with .. 
tholes, dauyd, windles, and other. 1626 Capt.Smitu Accid. 
Yng. Seamen 12 The forecastle, or prow .. the fish-hooke, 
a loufe-hooke, and the blocke at the Dauids ende. 1627 — 
Seaman's Gram. ii. 10 The Daxid..is put out betwixt the 
Cat and the Loufe, and to be remoued when you please. 
1691 T. H[ate] Acc. New Invent. 125 Bitts, Catheads and 
Davits. 1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1776) s.v., The davit 
..is employed to fish the anchor. 1820 Scorrspy Acc. 
Arctic Reg. 11, xe The boats are. .suspended from davits or 
cranes fixed on the sides of the ship. 1875 J. C. Witcocks 
Sea Fisherman 48 Crane-davits of galvanised iron, in shape 
of the ordinary boat-davits. 

2. Comb. davit-cast, a heavy spar used as a crane 
on board ship; davit-guy, a rope used to steady 
a davit ; davit-roll, the roller or sheave of a davit ; 
davit-rope, the lashing which secures the davit to 
the shrouds when out of use. 

1794 Netson in Nicolas Disf. I. 434 Our *davit-cast 
unfortunately has broke it’s windlass. 1893 R. Kirtinc 
Many Invent. 364 Stop, seize and fish, and easy on the *davit- 
guy. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 143 A strong hawser .. 
being passed .. over the “davit-roll .. the anchor and chain 
were then let down. 


Dawvite (dé'vait). Az. [See quot.] A variety 
of ALUNOGEN or native sulphate of alumina. 

1828 Mitt in Brande’s Q. Frnd. 379, 1 shall therefore take 
leave to call it Davite in honor of Sir Humphry Davy. 

Davoch: see Davacn. 

Davreuxite (davré'zait). Min. [Named 1878 
after the Belgian chemist Ch. Davreux: see -1TE.] 
A hydrous silicate of alumina and manganese found 
in Belgium. 1882 in Dana Min. App. iii. 35. 

Davy | (déi-vi), In full Davy lamp, Davy’s 
lamp. [Named after the inventor.] The miners’ 
safety-lamp invented by Sir Humphry Davy, in 
which the flame is surrounded with wire-gauze, so 
as to prevent its communication to explosive gases 
outside the lamp. _ 

1817 Faravay in B. Jones Life I. 241 The great desidera- 
tum of a lamp to afford light with safety :..merely to refer to 
that which alone has been found efficacious, the Davy. 
reg M. Mason Forty Shires 15 The men find fault with 
the Davy. 

Davy ? (déi-vi). sfang. A vulgar shortening of 
AFFIDAVIT, sf. in phr. ¢o ¢ake one’s davy (=‘ to 
take one’s oath’). 

1 O'Hara Midas nu. iv. (Farmer), And I with my davy 
will back it, I'l swear. 1785 Capt. Grose Dict. Vulgar 
Tongue, Vl take my davy of it. 1871 M. Cottins Mr. & 
Merch. 1. vi. 210 [They] take their solemn oath and davy 
that they didn’t do it. 


. 


DAW. 


Davy Jones (dé'-vi dzownz). Also simply 
Davy. In nautical slang: The spirit of the sea; 
the sailors’ devil. Davy Jones's (or Davy’s) locker : 
the ocean, the deep, es. as the grave of those who 
perish at sea. 

1751 SMoietr Per. Pic. xiii. (Brewer), This same Davy 
Jones, according to the mythology of sailors, is the fiend that 
presides over all the evil spirits of the deep. 1790 Dispin 
Poor Fack iii, And if to old Davy I should go, friend Poll, 
Why you will ne’er hear of me more. ¢ 1790 J. Wittock 
Voy. 12 The great bugbear of the ocean is Davie Jones..At 
the crossing of the line.. [they call] out that Davie Jones 
and his wife are coming on board and that every thing must 
be made ready. 1803 Naval Chron. X. 510 The.. seamen 
would have met a watery grave; or, to use a Seaman’s 
phrase, gone to Davy Jones's locker. 1839 Marryat Phant. 
Ship xii, I thought you had gone to Davy’s locker. 

Davyne (dé'vin). dfn. [ad. Ital. davina, 
named 1825 after Sir Humphry Davy.] A variety 
of nephelite, from Vesuvius. 

1826 Amer. Frnl. Sc. X1. 257 Davina (Davyne). 1869 
Puiturs Vesuv. x. 292 Davyne, a hydrous nepheline, is 
found in cavities of ejected blocks of gray lava on Somma. 

Davyum (dé-vitim). Chem. [Named after Sir 
Humphry Davy, with termination -zz as in p/a- 
zinum, etc.] The name given by Kern in 1877 toa 
supposed metal of the platinum group, announced 
by him as discovered in Russian platinum ore. 

1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 626. 

Daw (d5), sd. Also 5-8 dawe, 6-8 Sc. da. 
[Known only from the 15th c. (so the compound 
ca-daw, CADDow): its form points to an OE. *dawe 
(:— dawa: from dagwa"), in ablaut relation to OHG. 
téha, MHG, téhe (Gothic type *déhwéd, OTeut. 
*dbhw :—dé*hwa). Mod. HG. dialects have dahz, 
dache, dacha; MUG. shows a dim. form ¢éhele 
(OHG. *téhala), mod.G. dahle, since 18th c. dohle ; 
whence med.L. /acu/a, It. taccola.} 

1, A small bird of the crow kind (Corvets mone- 
dula) ; now commonly called Jackpaw. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 307 A poore sowter in- 
formede a dawe to speke. 1530 Patscr, 212/1 Dawe, a foule, 
corneille. 1604 Drayton Owle 188 The theevish Daw, and 
the dissembling Pye. 1713 Swirt Poems, Salamander, 
Pyes and daws are often stil’d With christian nick-names 
like a child, 185x Cartyte Sterling 1. iii. (1872) 14 Old 
ruinous castles with their ivy and their daws. 

2. fig. Applied contemptuously to persons. +a. 
A silly fellow, simpleton, noodle, fool. Ods. 

c 1500 Yung. Children’s Bk. 140 in Babees Bk. (1868) 25 At 
thi tabull noper crache ne claw, Than men wylle sey hou 
arte Adaw. 1860 INGELEND Disob, Child in Hazl. Dodsley 
II. 285, I never saw One .. in so easy a matter .. thus play 
the daw. 1563 Homities 11. /dolatry i. (1859) 236 O seely, 
foolish, and dastardly daws. 1608 J. Day Law 77ickes 1. i. 
How the daw Scoures ore his rustie phrases, 

b. A lazy person, sluggard; ¢. An untidy woman, 
slut, slattern. Sc. 

c1460 Towneley Myst. 26 Bot if God help amang I may 
sit downe daw to ken. 1500-20 Dunpar Dance 7 deidly 
Synnis 71 Mony slute daw and slepy duddroun. 1513 
Dovucias ineis xu. Prol. 184, I will my cunnand kepe, 
I will nocht be a daw, I will nocht slepe. 1598 FERGUSSON 
Sc. Prov., A year a nurish, seven year a da, 1768 Ross 
Helenore 135 (Jam.) But I see that but spinning I’ll never 

braw, But gae by the name of a dilp or a da. 1862 
A. Histor Prov. Scot. 16 A morning’s sleep Is worth a fauld 
o’ sheep To a hudderin-dudderin daw. pet 

ec. With reference to the fable of the jay in pea- 
cock’s plumes, 

1731 Fiecpinc Mod. Husb. u. ii, That ever Heav’n shou’d 
make me father to such a drest up daw ! i 

3. Comb., as +dawcock, /it.a male jackdaw ; 

Jig. =sense 2a; + dawpate =sense 2 a. 

1556 J. Heywoop Sfider § F. xcii, Where *dawcocks in 
doctrine have dominacioun. 1681 W. Rosertson Phraseo/. 
Gen. (1693) 621 Who brought hither this fool in a play; this 
very daw-cock to lead the dance. a@1529 SKELTON Ags?. 
Garnesche 94 Lyke a doctor *“dawpate. 1562 J. Hevwoop 
Prov. & Epig. (1867) 187 Thou arte a very dawe pate. 

Daw, sd.,obs. form of DEw; see also DAWE, Day. 

+ Daw (9), v.1 Obs. exc. Sc. Forms: 1 dazian, 
2-3 dasen, 3-5 dawe(n, 6- daw. [OE. dagzan, 
corresp. to MDu. daghen, Du. and LG. dagen, 
OHG. tagén, G. tagen, to become day, f. WGer. 
dag- Day. Since the OE. change of a to z did not 
take place in the vb., the latter is daz, against the 
sb. day: cf. draw, dray, saw, say, etc. In northern 
dial. sometimes inflected dew, dawen, after the 
strong verbs blow, snow, etc. In 16th c, Sc. erro- 
neously spelt da// after fall, fa’, etc.] 

1. intr. To dawn. a. with 2¢ as subject. 

c900 Bzda’s Eccl. Hist. wv. x, Donne hit dagian ongynnep. 
c1205 Lay. 1694 A-marwen po it dawede. c1350 W777. 
Palerne 1791 Tilit dawed today. ¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, 
Ninian 1417 One pe morne, as It dew day. 1470-85 
Matory Arthur xvii. ii, Within a whyle it dawyd. 

b. with day (or morning) as subject. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Ac alse wat swo pe pridde dai 
daged. ¢1375 Barsour 77oy-0k. 1. 797 And Lome od day 
was dawyne lyght. 1393 Lanau. P. PZ, C. xx1. 471 Tyl pe 
day dawede these damseles daunsede. ¢ 1475 RaufCotlz3ear 
65 Vpon the morne airlie, quhen the day dew. 1513 

OUGLAS inezs xu. Prol. 182 As menstralis playng 7he 

Jjoly day now dawis. ax1605 MontGoMERIE Poems, The 
Night is neir gone 1 Hay! nou the day dauis. 1612 Dray- 
ton Poly-olb, x. (N.), ie other side from whence the 


DAW. 
morni oe. 1789 Burns eral wai The mea pd 
craw, t may daw. IcoLL Poems (1842 
Nor bass pb till iptlie daw. wd 
* 6. fig. 


a@ 1225 Ancr. sp a ing aes ower lif dawed and 
ase wunge x nihtes peosternesse, r 
Saaee FP, oP. xvul. 179 loye bygynneth dawe. vad 
2. To recover from a swoon, ‘come to’; toawake 
from sleep; =ADAw v.! 1. 


©1314 Guy Warw.(A.) 558 Adoun he fel a-swounie, & when 
he gan to dawei[etc.]. 1674-91 Ray NV, & pop ad 19 To 
3 $ . 'o "2 to 


Daw, in Pp is ken : 
have shaken off sleep, to be fully awakened. 

3. trans. To rouse or awaken from sleep or a 
swoon ; to revive, ‘ bring to’; =ADAw v.! 2. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur x1. x, The Quene.. felle to the 
erthe in a dede swoune, and thenne syr Bors took her vp, 
and dawed her. 1530 PatsGr. 507/2, I dawe from swoun- 
yng, Ye reuiue, je resuscite. 1562 A. Broke Romeus & 
Ful. in Hazl. Ky . Libr. (1875) 1. 179 She thought to 
Sreake her slepe..She thought to daw her now as she had 
done of olde, 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. vi, 90 Thinking her to 
daw Whom Ga? d supposed faln in some inchanted swound. 

+ Daw, v.2 Obs. rare. [f. Daw sb.] intr. ?To 
play the ‘daw’ or fool. 

1596 Sir J. Smytue in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 92 That 
I would. .ryde lobbinge and dawinge to rayle at your Lord- 


ship. 

+ Daw, v2 Obs. rare. [Aphetic f. ADAw z.2, 
q.v.] ¢rans. To daunt, subdue, frighten. 

1616 B. Jonson Devil an Ass w. iv, You daw him too 
much, in troth, Sir. 1664 H. More Myst. Jnig. 545 Ex- 
ternal force imprints Truth and Falshood, Superstition and 
Religion alike upon the dawed spirits of men. 

Dawache: see DavacH. Dawcock: Daw 50. 

Dawd, var. of Dap sb, 

Dawdle (d9'd’l), v. Also daudle. [Not in 
Bailey; nor in Johnson’s Dict. (though used by 
himself in 1781). It apparently became common 
about 1775 (at first chiefly in feminine use), 
Ussher’s example (@ 1656) was prob. local or dia- 
lectal. Supposed to be a local variant of DADDLE, 
but used in a more reprehensory sense, perh. by 
some association with Daw sé. sense 2 b.] 

1. intr. To idle, waste time; to be sluggish or 
lazy ; to loiter, linger, dally. 

a 1656 UssHer Ann. vi. (1658) 382 While he stood dawdling 
was taken short in his undertakings. 1781 JoHNSoN 3 June 
in Boswell, If he'll call on me, and dawdle over a dish of tea 
in an afternoon. 1796 JANE AusteN Pride §& Pre. xx. 97 
Mrs. Bennet, having dawdled about in the vestibule to 
watch for the end of the conference. 1819 Scotr Let. to 
D. Terry 18 Apr. in Lockhart, A propensity which .. the 
women very expressively call dawdling. 1866 Ruskin Eth. 
Dust v. (1883) 90 You all know when you learn with a will 
and when you dawdle. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton xxii. 307 
The rest of us dawdled along the road. 

2. quasi-trans. (usually with away). 

1768 Map. D'Arstay Early Diary July, I could not.. 
ask for it..and so dawdled and fretted the time away until 
Tuesday evening. 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-Cap 230 
Dawdle out my days In exile here at Clairvaux. 1887 
Spectator 21 May 696/2 To employ with profit many hours 
that might otherwise be dawdled away. 

Dawdle (d9-d’1), sé. Also 8 daudle. [f. prec.] 

1. One who is the personification of dawdling ; 
esp. a dawdling girl or woman. 

a 1764 Lioyp Chit-Chat Poet. Wks. 74 I. 185 Be quick 
—why sure the gipsy sleeps ! Look how the drawling daudle 
creeps. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 11. 141 Mrs, 
Thornley was rather too much of, what she [Mrs. M.] called, 
a dawdle, to please her. 3 F, E. Pacer Pageant 118 
His wife. .was..one of those helpless, indolent dawdles that 
are fit to be nothing but fine ladies. 1879 Barinc-Goutp 
Germany I. 392 The sharp clever boy goes into business, the 
dunce or dawdle into the army. 

2. The act of dawdling. 

1813 Lavy Burcuersu Lett. (1893) 38 What with dawdles 
and delays of the German post-boys. 1 Green Stray 
Stud. 70 The evenings are ,. a dawdle indoors as the day 
has been a dawdle out. 

Dawdler (d9-dloz). [-eR 1.] One who dawdles ; 
an idler, loiterer. 

1818 Topp, Dawdle, or Dawdler, a trifler ; a dallier ; one 
who proceeds slowly or unskilfully in any business. A low 
word, 1849 THAcKERAY Pendennts (1850) I. 280, I have been 
a boy and a dawdler as = 1888 J. Pavn Myst. Mirbridge 
xv, Your habitual dawdler—the man who never keeps his 


appointments by 9? chance. 

Dawdling (dg-dlin), 2. sd, [4nc!.] The 
action of the verb DAWDLE. 

181g [see Dawpte v, 1]. 1849 Tuackeray Le?t. 13 July, 
Ryde. .would be as nice a place as any... for dawdling, and 
getting health. 1875 B'ness Bunsen in Hare Life II. viii. 
457 With old age comes dawdling, that is, doing everything 


too slowly, 

Daw dling, /.a. [-Inc2.] That dawdles ; 
characterized by dawdling. 

1773 Mav. D’Arstay Early Diary 3 May, The mother is 
a slow, dawdling, sleepy kind dame. 1782 — Diary 
8 Dec., With whom I a dawdling conversation u 
dawdling subjects. _ 1! Mrs. Cartyte Lett. I. 265 The 
dreaming, reading, dawdling existence which best suits me. 

Hence Daw’ E aaa 

1860 Sat. Rev, 1X. Some very important Bi ic! 
. has been pated ab Plein tion day to day. 

Dawaday, Sc. dial. f. Downy. 

Dawe (daue, daw), dawen, dawes, obs. 
forms or inflexions of Day. Daweswastheearly form 
of the pl. =days ; dawen was originally dative pl., but 


48 


when reduced to daze, daw, daue, dau, came sotne- 
times to be treated as sing.: see Day 13 a 8, and 17. 

Dawen, obs. f. Down sd. 

Dawenyng(e, obs. form of DAWNING. 

Dawerke, obs. form of Daywork. 

Dawing (dj:in), vd/. sb. Obs.exc. Sc. Forms: 
1 dazung, 3 dawung, 4 daghyng(e, 3-6 dawyng, 
4- dawing, (5 dayng, 7 dauing, 8 dawin). OE, 

, from dagian to become day, to Daw. 
1400, northern and chiefly Scotch, being 
displaced in Eng. by DAWNING.] 

1. Dawn, dayb ; morning twilight. 

coo tr. Beda’s Eccl. Hist. m1. xix. (xxvii.) 242 Pa eode [he) 
ut in dagunge of huse. a 1000 0.2. Chron. (Laud MS.) 
an. 795 wux cred and dagunge. a@z1a2g Ancr. R. 
20 Bi nihte ine winter, ine sumer ipe dawunge. Bar- 
pour Bruce vit. 318 [Thai] Com on thame in the wang 
Richt as the day begouth to spryng. ¢ 1420 Avow. Art, 
lv, Erly in the dawyng Come thay home from hunting. 
1533 Dovuctas neis 1. viii. 29 The dawing gan. .wax reid, 
And chasit away the sterris. a 1605 Montcomerte Misc. 
Poems, Solseguium 40 The dauing of my long desyrit day. 
¢1794 Burns As J was a wandering ii, I could na get 
sleeping till dawin’ for greetin’. ; 

+ 2. Recovery from swoon, ‘coming-to’. Ods. 
(See Daw v. 2, 3.) 

1530 Parser. 212 Dawyng, gettyng of lyfe, resuscitation. 

+Daw-ing, ff. 2. Obs. exc. Sc. Also 4 north. 
dawande. [f. Daw v.1+-1na*.] Dawning. 

cxzas E. E. Aliit. P.C. 445 Pe dawande day. 
+Dawish (d5if), 2. Obs. [f. Daw s).+-181.] 
Like or characteristic of a daw; silly, sluttish. 

1540 Hyrpe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) M iij, 
Dawish, and brainlesse, cruell, and murderers. 1543 Bae 
Yet a Course, &c. 59 (T.) Such dawishe dodypols. 1605 
Cuapman Add Fools in Dodsley (1780) IV. 167 If he [a jack- 
daw] fed without his dawish noise He might fare better. 

Dawk (d9k), »/.1 dial. [app. the same as 
Datk?.] A hollow in a surface; a depression, 
furrow, incision. 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 66 This Iron..would not make 
Gutters on the Surface of the Stuff, but (at the most) little 
hollow dawks. /éid. 82 The Iron of the Fore-plane..makes 
great Dawks in the Stuff .. The Iron .. will yet leave some 
Dawks in the Stuff for the Jointer. .to work out. 

Hence Dawk v., to make a hollow or incision in. 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 203 The Chissel .. might run 
too fast into the Work, and dawk it. 1847-78 Hattiwe, 
pint to incise with a jerk, or insert a pointed weapon with 
rapidity. = 

|| Dawk, sd.2, dak (dok, dak). Anglo-Jnd. Also 
8 dog, dock, 9 dork, dauk. [Hindi and Marathi 
dak, perh. related to Skr. drak quickly.) Post or 
transport by relays of men or horses stationed at 
intervals; a relay of men or horses for carrying 
mails, etc., or passengers in palanquins. 

To travel dék : to travel inthis way. To lay a dak: to 
arrange for relays of bearers or horses on a route, 

1734 {see b]. 1780 H. F. Tuompson /utrigues of Nabod 76 
(Y.), 1 wrote. .for permission to visit Calcutta by the Dawks. 
1781 Hicky’s hl tee Gaz, 24 Mar. (Y.), Suffering People to 

aw over their Neighbour's Letters at the Dock. 1809 

iscounT VALENTIA /'vav. /ndia, etc. (1811) I. ii. 49 My 
arrangements had been made for quitting Burhampore.. 
not only had the dawk been laid, but [etc.]. a@1826 Heber 
Narr. Journey Ind. (1828) 1.328 In the line of road I am most 
likely to follow..I am not certain that any D4k exists. 
1840 E. E. Napier Scenes For. Lands 11. vi, 193 By having 
bearers posted at stated distances, which is called travelling 
*dawk', long journeys are made in a comparatively brief 
space of time. 1861 HuGues 7om Brown at Oxf. xliv.(D.), 
After the sea voyage there isn’t much above 1000 miles to 
come by dauk. 

b. atirib., as dawk- or dak-bearer, choky, journey, 
traveller, etc.; dik bungalow (rarely house), 
a house for the accommodation of travellers at 
a station on a dak route. 

1727 A. Hamiton New Acc. E. Ind. 1, 149 (Y.) Those 
Curriers are called Dog Chouckies, 1796 in Seton-Karr 
Select. Calcutta Gaz. 11. 185 The re-establishment of Dawk 
Bearers upon the new road. @1826 Heser Narr. Fourney 
dnd, (1828) 1. 277, I will .. bring it safe on to the next dfk- 
house. Cadcutta Rev. July-Dec. 175 The dak bunga- 
lows, the modern form of the Mogul Serais. 1866 TreveLyan 
(title), The Dawk Bungalow. did. (1869) 98 Too old 
travellers to expect solitude in a dawk bungalow. 

Dawk, var. of Dauk. 

Daw'kin. dia/. [? dim. of Daw.) a. A fool. 


b. Aslattern. Hence Daw‘kinly adv., foolishly. 
1 Catrui, Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 236 (D.) Then 
1 and Maukin, a dolt with a daukin, might marry 


DAWNED. 


High dawn, dawn ing above a bank of clouds 
the horizon ; as dawn dara appending an a the 


1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, tv. i. 291 Next day after dawne. 
1603 — Meas. for M.w. ii. Come 
wne, 


Rambler No. 196 ? 2 From wn to its de- 
cline. x II. 100 If he but a dawn of 
iri Lams Elia Ser. 1. Old Actors, You could see 


dawn of history to the present day. 
3. attrib. and Comb., as dawn-animal, -animal- 


cule (see quots.), -dew, -goddess, -light, -streak; 
a illumi: -tinted adjs.; dawnward adv. 


J > 

1873 Dawson Earth & Man ii, 23 Eozoon Canadense .. 
its name of ‘*Daw 1” having refe wfc) apcss 
antiquity and possible connection with the dawn of life on 
our planet. 1876 Pace Adv. Text-bk. Geol. x. 189 The 
organism, Eozodén C. dense, or *Daw imalcule of 
Canada. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 1. Poems VI. 24 
A dash of *dawn-dew from the honeysuckle. 1877 J. E. 
Carrenter tr. Tiele’'s Hist. Relig. 107 The Sun-god .. and 
the *dawn-goddess. 1820 SHettey Ode to Liberty xi, Ason 
a *dawn-illumined mountain. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems 
II. 326, I oft had seen the *dawnlight run As red wine, 
through the hills. 1873 Lowett Among my Bks. Ser. u. 
221 The *dawn-streaks of anewday. 1822 SHetitey Hedlas 
963 *Dawn-tinted deluges of fire. 188: W. Witkins Songs 
of Study 44 In joyful praises *dawnward rolled. 

Dawn (d9n), v. Also 6 daune, dawne. 
[Known only from end of 15th c., since which it 
has displaced the earlier verb Daw. 1) deduced 


from DawNnInG, q.v. Cf. also Dayn v. 
I. 1. intr. To begin to grow daylight: said of 
the day, morning, light; also simply with 7¢. 

1499 son Promp. Parv., Dawnyn or da’ le 1440 
dawyn]), auroro. 1526 Tinpate A/att. xxviii. 1 The Sabboth 
oo at even which dauneth the morowe after the Sabboth 
{Wycuir bigynneth to schyne, Geneva & 1611 began to 
dawne). — 2 Pet. i. + ntill the daye dawne. c 1532 
Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 938 To dawne, ajourner. 
1611 Biste Matt. xxviii. 1 In the ende of the Sabbath, as 
it began to dawne towards the first day of the weeke. 1711 
Streve Sfect. No. 142? 5 Before the Light this Morning 
dawned upon the Earth. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 23 As 
soon as ever the Morning dawn'd. 1860 Tynpart Giac. 1. 
xxi. 150 Day at length dawned and gradually brightened. 

b. ¢ransf. To begin to shine, as the sun or 
any luminary. 

17oz Rowe Jamerl. v. i. 2017 Women, like Summer 
Storms are Cloudy .. But strait the Sun of Beauty dawns 
abroad, 1811 Heser A/ymn, Brightest and best of the sons 
of the morning, Dawn on our darkness. 1832 Tennyson 
eg omy v, Look down, and let your blue eyes dawn Upon 
me ’ the jasmine-leaves. é 

2. fig. To begin to develop, expand, or brighten, 
like the daylight at dawn. 

1717 Pore. Epist. to Yervas 4 Where Life awakes, and 
dawns at ev'ry line. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng. 1. 412 In 
the year 1685 his fame..was only dawning. 1852 Miss 
Yonce Cameos 1. xxviii. 234 When prosperity dawned on the 
elder brother, | ‘ 3 d 

3. To begin to brighten, with or as with the light 


of dawn. 
1647 CrasHaw Poems 165 When the dark world dawn'd 
into Cristian day. 1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Zanchius 
Zanchius..became such a light..that many parts in 
Thiristendome dawned with the luster of his writings. 1832 
‘Tennyson Znone 46, I waited underneath the dawning 
s. 
b. ¢ransf. To begin to appear, become visible. 
1744 oe Pleas, tae 146, I see them dawn! 
I see the radiant widens, wee they rise. 1812 J. Witson 
Isle of Paims 1. 307 Its porch and roof of roses dawn 
Through i - 2 
4. he. Of ideas, facts, etc.: To begin to become 
evident to the ree ; to begin to be understood, 
felt, or pearee ‘onst. on, upon. 
os rs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xv. 129 The idea that 
they had either feelings or rights had never dawned upon 
her. 1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q. Neighd. ix. 137, It 
d lection that I had udy mention 


ther, 1674 Ray N.C. Words 13 Dawgos or Dawkin, 
a dirty, slattering woman. ¢ 1746 Cottier (Tim Bobbin) 
View Lanc. Dial. Wks. (1862) ES After looking dawkinly- 
wise a bit. Lanc. Gloss., Dawkin, a dull, stupid per- 
son. Dawkinly, stupidly, foolishly. 

Dawly, obs. form of Dow y a. and adv. 

Dawn (dn), sd. [Appears late in 16th c., the 
earlier equivalents being Dawine, Dawnina. App. 


f. the verb-stem (see next) ; cf. dreak in * break of 


day’ (quoted 1584). ON. had dagan, digun dawn, 
f. daga to dawn, ¢ dagan, at dagan at dawn: but, 
notwithstanding the likeness of form, there is no 
evidence that this is the ogee of the Eng. word.] 

1. ‘The first appearance of light in the sky before 
sunrise, or the time when it appears ; the beginning 
of daylight ; daybreak. 


don m 
her Uncle. X87 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) V. 66 The distinc- 
tion between ethics and politics has not yet dawned upon 
Plato’s mind. 


II. +5. évans. To bring to life; to arouse 
or awake from a swoon, resuscitate; = DAw 2. 3. 
1530 Pasor. 507/2, 1 dawne or get life in one that is fallen 
in a swoune, je is ..I can nat dawne sas 
T. Witson Lo, ike (1§60) 33 If Alexander dawned a e 
Soldiour when he was almoste frosen for cold. 1593 Mun- 
pay Def. Contraries 71 After he had dawned him to remem- 
brance by the helpe of vi colde water. 
Dawne, obs. form of Down sd. 


Dawned (cpa ae ppl.a. rare. [f. 


Dawn v. + - begun to brighten. 
1818 Keats Endym. 1. 94 The dawned light. 
Dawner, var. of DANDER v. Se. 


DAWNING. 


Dawnger(e, etc., obs. forms of DANGER, etc. 

Dawning (do:nin), v4/. sd. Also 4 dawynyng, 
4-5 dawenyng(e, 4-6 dawnyng(e, 5-6 daun- 
yng(e. [Known before 1300, when it appears 
beside the earlier Dawine (from Daw v., OE. 
dagung, dag-tan), which it gradually superseded. 
The corresponding verb ¢o dawn, which has simi- 
larly displaced daw, is not exemplified till the 15th 
c., and appears to have been deduced from dawn- 
ing; the sb. dawn appeared still later, app. from 
the vb. As ME. daw-en had also an early doublet 
form daz-en, day-yn (see Day v.1), so beside dawen- 
yng is found datjen-ing, daien-ing, dain-ing (see 
Dayn v.). No form corresponding to dawening, 
dawning is recorded in OE., and it was probably 
from Norse; Sw. and Da. have a form dagning 
(OSw. daghning c 1300), either from daga to dawn, 
with suffix -7-229, as in kuad-n-ing, sad-n-ing, tal- 
n-ing, etc. (Vigf. Zxtrod. xxxi), or from a deriv. 
vb. *dagna. 

1. The beginning of daylight; dawn, daybreak. 
In reference to time, now Joedic or rhetorical. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 557 To Keningwurpe hii come in 
pe dawninge. 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1188 Dido, The 
dawenyng vp rist out of the se. 7387 ‘TREVISA Higden 
(Rolls) VI. 439 Chasede his enemyes al pat dawenynge [v.~. 
dawyng]. 1470-85 Matory Arthur x. Ixxxvi, Vppon a day 
in the daunynge. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccvii. 189 
Erly in the dawenynge of the day. 1886 Cocan Haven 
Health ccxiiii. (1636) 311 Drinke it in the morning at the 
dawning of the Ba 1602 SHaxs. Ham. 1. i. 160 The Bird 
of Dawning. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 104 So we ran North 
till Dawning. 1810 Scotr Lady of L. 1. xxxii, At dawning 
to assail ye, Here no bugles sound reveillé. 1858 KincsLey 
Poems, Night Bird 13 Oh sing, and wake the dawning. 

b. transf. The east, the ‘ orient’. 

1879 Burcuer & Lana Odyssey 215 Those who dwell 
toward the dawning. 

2. fig. The first gleam or appearance, earliest 
beginning (of something compared to light). 

@ 1612 Donne Biadavaros (1644) 17 A man as.. illustrious, 
in the full glory and Noone of Learning, as others were in 
the dawning, and Morning. 1697 DrypEen Virg. Georg. 1.68 
In this early Dawning of the Year. 1781 Ginpon Dec/. & F. 
IIT. liii, 314 In the ninth century, we trace the first dawn- 
ings of the restoration of science. 1843 Prescorr Mexico 
(2850) I. 75 The dawnings of a literary culture. 1856 Sir B. 

RODIE Psychol, Ing. 1. v. 198 That principle of intelligence, 
the dawning of which we observe in the lower animals. 

Daw'ning, ///. a. [f. Dawn v. + -1NG2,] That 
dawns; beginning to grow light. a. Zit. 

1588 Suaks. 77¢, A. 11. ii, ro Dawning day new comfort 
hath inspir'd. 1667 Mitton P. Z. xu. 423 Fresh as the 
dawning light. 1791 Cowper //iad x1. 60 The dawning 
skies, 1843 Tennyson Two Voices 405 The light increased 
With freshness in the dawning east. 

b. fig. Showing its early beginning, nascent. 

1697 Drypen Virg. 4neid (L.), In dawning youth. 1751 
Jounson Rambler No. 165 ® 5 Those who had paid honours 
to my dawning merit. 1879 Farrar St. Paud (1883) 765 The 
distinctive colour of the dawning heresy. 

Dawnt(e, obs. form of Daunt. 

Dawsonite (d9'sonait). Az. [Named 1874, 
after Sir J. W. Dawson of Montreal: see -rTxE.] 
A hydrous carbonate of aluminium and sodium, in 
white transparent or translucent crystals. 

1875 Amer. Frni. Sc. Ser. 11. IX. 64 On Dawsonite, 
anew mineral, 


Dawt, Dawtie (-y): see Daut, Daur. 

Day (d2'), sd. Forms: 1 dez, 2 de3, deiz, dai3, 
2-3 deei, dei, da3, 3 (Orm.) da33, 3-5 dai, 3- day, 
(5-6 daie, daye, 6 Sc. da). Pl. 3- days (3-5 
dawes ; dat.~l. 2-6 dawen, dawe; daw, dau; 
see below). [A Com. Teut. sb.: OE. deg (dxzes, 
pl. dagas, -a, -um) = OF ris. det, dey, di, OS. dag 
(MDu. dach (gh), Du. dag, MLG., LG. dag), 
OHG., MHG. ¢ac(g), G. tag, ON. dag-r (Sw., Da. 
dag), Goth. dag-s:—OTeut. *dago-z. In no way 
related to L. dies; usually referred to an Aryan vb. 
dhagh-, in Skr. dah to burn: cf. Lith. dagas 
hot season, OPruss. dagis summer. From the 
WGer. dag, OE. had regularly in the sing. dxz, 
dezes, deze; in the plural, dagas, daga (later -ena), 
dagum. This phonetic exchange #:a survived in 
early ME., so that while in the sing. the final 3 
was regularly palatal (see forms above ; gen. dv73es, 
dwies, deies, dates, dayes, dat. dxize, date, etc.), the 
pl. was (from dagas), dajes, dahes, dazhes, dawes, 
genit. (:—daga, -ena) daga, dawene, dahene, dajen, 
dat. (:—dagum) dajon, -en, daghen, dawen, dawe, 
daw, dau, The last survived longest in the phrase of 
dawe ‘ from (life) days’ (see 17 and ADaws), and in 
in his dawe, etc. (see 13. 8), But soon after 1200 
plurals phonetically assimilated to the sing. (dx3es, 
daizes, dates) occur, and at length superseded the 
earlier forms.] 

A. Illustration of early forms. 
a, plural, nom. and accus. 


cx000 Ags. Gos. Matt. xxviii. 20 Ic beo mid eow ealle 

dagas.’_¢ 1160 Hatton G. ibid., Ich beo mid eow ealle dages. 

en “aaa Seffne dazhess, cxz0g Lay, 8796 Fif 
OL, . 


49 


daeizes [c 1275 dawes]. a1225 Leg. Kath. 1844 Al pe tweolf 
dahes. a@x1z25 Ancr. R.70 Preo dawes. 1297 R. Grouc. 
(1724) 383 Pre dawes & nan mo. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 
377 As it is said by elderne dawis. c¢1430 Lypa. Bochas v1. 
i. (1554) 144, In thy last dawes, 

B. pl. gen. 

c 1000 Ags. Ps. ci. 2t On midle minre dagena. c 1000 Ags. 
Gosp. Matt. iv. 2 He feeste feowurtiz daga [Lindis/ feuortiz 
daga, Hatton G. feortiz dex3es]. c1175 Lamb Hom. 8 
Fram pam ester tid fifti daja. c1z05 Lay. 3615 Pe for 
wuren agan feuwerti dajene [c1275 daizes]. /ézd. 4605 
Vnder fif dawene [c 1275 daizene] 3eong heo comen to pisse 
londe. a@x1225 Leg. Kath, 2502 Twenti dahene 3ong. 

y. pl. dat.: see also 13a B. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 61 A2fter brym dagum [xxvii. 
63 dagon]. c1160 Hatton G. ibid., A2fter prem da3en. c 1175 
Lamb, Hom. 89 On moyses dajen. ¢ 1205 Lay. 5961 Bi heore 
zldre dzewen [c 4275 dawes]. c 1300 K. A /is. 5631 In twenty 
dawen. c¢ 1300 St. Margarete 3 Bi olde dawe Patriarch he 
was wel he3. ¢1320 Sir Tristr. 2480 Etenes bi old dayn 
Had wrou3tit. ¢ 1430 Freemasonry 394 After the lawe That 
was y-fownded by olde dawe. 

5. In some places dajzen, dawen, may be nom. 


or acc. plural. 

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 119 Ic seolf beo mid eow alle dagen 
[OE. ealle dagas]. 7 

«. The genitive sing. OE. dees, early ME. daies, 
etc., was formerly used adverbially, by day, on 
the day (Ger. des Tags): see 1b; it survived in 
ME. 02 dates, a dates, A-DAYS, mod. now-a-days. 

B. Signification. 

I. The time of sunlight. 

»1. ‘The time between the rising and setting of 

th sun’ (J.); the interval of light between succes- 
sive periods of darkness or z7gh¢; in crdinary usage 
including the lighter part of morning and evening 
twilight, but, when strictly used, limited to the time 
when the sun is above the horizon, as in ‘at the 
equinox day and night are equal’, Break of day: 
dawn: see BREAK, DAYBREAK. 

This is the artificial day of astronomers : see ARTIFICIAL. 
It is sometimes called the xatural day (Ger. natiirlicher 
tag), which however usually means sense 6. 

¢xo0o /Etrric Gen. i. 5 God..het pat leoht deg & pa 
peostra niht. ¢ 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom, 258 Pu 3ifst pe sunne 
to pe dai3, pe mone to be nichte. ¢ 1290.8. Eng. Leg. 1.97/173 
In pat prison bat Maide lai twelf dawes and twelf ni3t. 
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 390 (Trin.) To parte be day fro be ny3t. 
c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 41 Ofte tymes in be dai & in pe 
ny3t. 1523 Lp. Berners /ro/ss. 1. cxxviii. 155 It was then 
nyne of the day. 1580 Barer A/v. B 1200 The Breake of the 
daie. 1592 Davies /mmort. Soul vi.(1742) 15 O Light, which 
mak’st the Light which makes the Day. 1635 N. CarpENTER 
Geog. Del. 1. v. 106 The longest day is equall to the longest 
night. 1770 Gotpsm. Des. Vill, 15 How often have I bless’d 
the coming day. _ 1807 Ropinson Archeol. Greca m1. xxv. 
331 The more ancient Greeks distinguished the natural day 
—that is, the time from the rising to the setting of the sun 
—into three parts. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 326/1 At North 
Cape .. the longest day lasts from the 15th of May to the 
2gth of July, which is two months and a fortnight. 

b. Const. The notion of time how Jong is ex- 
pressed by the uninflected word (repr. an original 
accus. or dative), as in day and night, all (the) 
day, this day, and the like; the notion of time 
when (without respect to duration) was expressed 
in OE. by on dz, early ME. on, uppon dat, o day, 
a-day ; also by the genitive dees, esp. in the collo- 
cation dwges and nihtes, and in far days, far forth 
days,=‘far on in the day’, still used in 17th c. 
(see Far adv. 3c); about 1200 we find b2 dazes, 
and soon after 42 daze by day. See By prep. 19b. 

cxooo Ags. Gosp. Mark v. 5 Symle dzzes & nihtes he wees 
on byrgenum. c¢x1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 Swiche hertes 
fonded pe fule gost deies and nihtes. czz00 Ormin 11332 
Heold Crist hiss fasste .. Bi da3hess & bi nahhtess. a 1250 
Owl & Night. 241 Bi daie bu art stare-blind. c12g0 Hymn 
to Virgin 257 Min hope is in pe da3 & nicht. a 1300 Cursor 
M. 15159 (Cott.) Ik night of oliuete To pe mont he yode .. 
And euer on dai be folk he gaf O godds word be fode. 1386 
Rolls of Parit. WI. 225/1 [He] made dyverse enarmynges 
bi day and eke bi nyght. c1400 Lanjranc’s Cirure. 34, 
I heeld be woundt open aldai. ax14s0 Knt. de la Tour 
(1868) 45 She happed to abide so longe on a sonday that it 
was fer dayes. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 778 The 
pageauntes were a making day and night at Westminster. 
@ 1563 Bate Sed. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 120 It is far days and 
ye have far to ride to night. 1600 HoLtanp Livy xLv. xxxvi. 
1225 It was so far forth dayes as being the eighth houre 
therof. Be Dryven Virg. Georg. m. 318 Untir'd at Night, 
and chearful all the Day. 1835 Tuirtwatt Greece I. 219 
He might prosecute his voyage as well as by day. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. (2880) 1. iii. 184 The bags were car- 
ried. .day and night at the rate of about five miles an hour. 

2. In before day, at day =daybreak, dawn. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 6106 (Gitt.) Pat pai Sould vte of hous cum 
bi-for day. ¢1420 Avow. Arth. ix, To ride this forest or 
daye. 1576 Freminc Panofl. Efist. 39 A little before 
day. 1719 Dr For Crusoe (1840) II. ii. 48 They got up in 
the morning before day. 1793 Netson in Nicolas Disp. 
I. 309 This morning at day we fell in with a Spanish. .Ship, 

3. Daylight, the light of day. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 8676 (Fairf.), I hit knew quen hit was day. 
1382 Wyciir Rom, xiii. 13 As in day wandre we honestly. 
¢1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 223 Whan Reynawde 
sawe the day, he rose vp. 1580 Nortu Plitarch (1676) 355 
Such as could see day at a little hole. 1662 J. Davies tr. 
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass, 276 In his Conversion of the darkest 
— to bright Day. 1710 Srrete Tatler No. 142 Pt She 
had now found out, that it was Day before Nine in the 


Morning. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. x. 218 It was 


DAY. 


broad day. 1883 Stevenson Treasure Js/. ut. xiii. (1886) 
107 It was as plain as day. : 

b. fig. A light like that of day; ‘daylight’ in 
a difficult question. 

1667 Marve. Corr. Ixxx. Wks. 1872-5 II. 225, I can not 

et see day in the businesse, betwixt the two Houses. 1702 

owE Tamerl, v. i. 2191 They cast a Day around ’em. 

+4. One of the perpendicular divisions or ‘ lights’ 
of a mullioned window. [F. jour, med.L. dies.] 

[1409 W712 of Ware (Somerset Ho.), Lego vna fenestra 
trium dierum.] 1447 W7ll Hen. VI (Hare’s MSS. Caius 
Coll.), In the east ende of the s4 Quier shalbe sat a great 
gable window of vij daies. 1484 W7l1 of Chocke (Somerset 
Ho.), wyndow .. of i dayes. a1490 Botoner /¢7x. 
(Nasmith 1778) 296 Et quaelibet fenestra. .continet tres dayes 
vitreatas. 1838 J. Britron Dict. Archit. 40 A part of 
a window between the mullions is often called a bay, or 
day. 1859 Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Day, the mediaeval 
term for each perpendicular division or light (Fr. gous) of 
a mullioned window. 

5. Mining. The surface of the ground over a 
mine. Hence day-coal, -drift, -hole (sce also 24). 

1665 Phil. Trans. I. 80 By letting down Shafts from the 
day (as Miners speak). 1676 Hopcson 7é/d. XI. 762 
According as the Day-coal heightens or deepens. 1708 
J. C. Compt, Collier (1845) 32 Draw your Coals to Bank (or 
Day) out of the Pit. 1747 Hooson Miner’s Dict. N iijb, 
The Ore that is found on ihe Tops of Veins, especially near 
to the Day. 188x Raymonp Mining Gloss., Day, the surface 
of the ground over a mine. , 

II. As a period, natural division, or unit of 
time. 

6. The time occupied by the earth in one revolu- 
tion on its axis, in which the same terrestrial meri- 
dian returns to the sun; the space of twenty-four 
hours, reckoned from a definite or given point. 
Const. during, in, formerly on, 0, a, retained in 
twice a day, etc.: see A prep. 8, 8b. 

The solar or astronomical day is reckoned from noon to 
noon ; and, as the length of this time varies (within narrow 
limits) according to the time of the year, its mean or average 
length is the mean solar day. The civil day in civilized 
countries generally is the period from midnight to midnight, 
similarly adjusted to its mean length. Ancient nations 
variously reckoned their day to begin at sunrise, at noon, or 
at sunset. The sédereal day isthe time between the succes- 
sive meridional transits of a star, or specifically of the first 
point of Aries, and is about four minutes shorter than the 
solar day. (The term natural day is sometimes used in 
this sense, sometimes in sense 1.) 

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xv. 32 Drio dogor zee Serhuunas 
mec mid, c¢ 1000 AiLrric Gen, i. 5 Pa was zeworpen acfen 
and morgen an dzz. /d7d. ii. 3 God gebletsode pone seofedan 
deg and hine gehalgade. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 87 Fram pan 
halie hester dei bod italde fifti da3a to pisse deie. c1205 
Lay, 19216 Preo dwzies [c 1275 da3es] wes pe king wuniende 
pere. 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 144 Aftur fyftene dawes .. ‘To 
London he wende. 1382 Wyciir Acts ix. 9 He was thre 
daies not seynge. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. 10 b, 
Symonides. .desired to haue a daies respite graunted him to 
study vpon it. @163r Donne Poevzs (1650) 6 Hours, daies, 
months, which are the rags of time. 1822 Byron Werner 
1! i. 377 Twenty years Of age, if tis a day. 1831 Brewster 
Newton (1855) I, xiii. 365 We may regard the length of the 
day as one of the most unchangeable elements in the system 
of the world. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sgr’s. T. 108 In the space of o day 
natureel, (This is to seyn, in foure and twenty houres). 
1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. 1x, xxi. (1495) 358 Some daye 
is artyfycyall and some naturell. .a naturell daye conteynyth 
xxiiij houres, 1551 RecorpE Cast. Knowd. (1556) 244 ‘The 
Naturall daye..is commonly accompted from Sonne risinge 
one daye, to Sonne rising the nexte daye. 1764 MAsKELYNE 
in Phil. Trans. LIV. 344 The interval between the transit 
of the first of Aries across the meridian one day, and its 
return to it the next day, is called a sidereal day..The 
interval between the transit of the sun across the meridian 
one day, and his transit the next day, is called an apparent 
solar day. 1812 WoopHousE A s¢von. xxii. 222 The interval 
between two successive noons is a natural day. 1834 Nav. 
Philos., Astron. i. 13/2 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) Although. .the 
solar day is of auatle length, we can .. ascertain its mean 
or average length; and this quantity is called a mean solar 
day, Ibid. 14/2 The length of the sidereal day is found to 
be uniformly 23 hours, 56 minutes, or more accurately 
23h 56™ 48 +092. 

+b. All days: always, for ever. Oés. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 20 Ic beo mid eow ealle 
dagas [Lixdisf allum dagum]. c1160 Hatton G. ibid., Ich 
beo mid eow ealle dazes. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cii, For 
that time forth losten Britons the royame for al dayes. 

+e. A day’s travel; a day’s journey. Ods. 

1362 Lanai. P. Pl, A.x. 1 Sire Dowel dwelleb. .not a day 
hennes. 1624 Carr. Smitu Virginiat. 4 A Towne called 
Pomeiock, and six dayes higher, their City Skicoak. 

7. The same space of time, esf. the civil day, 
treated (without reference to its length) as a point 
or unit of time, on which anything happens, or 
which fixes a date. Const. 07, upon (ME. a, a-: 
cf. A prep. 8, A adj.? 4). 

¢x000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 19 And pam pryddan dzegze he 
arist. 1154 O. &. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135 Dat] ober 
dei pa he lai an slep in scip. a1400 Cursor M. 5108 (Cott.) 
For-giue it vs, lauerd, fra pis dau. /d¢d. 19045 (Cott.) Petre 
and iohn adai at none Went to be kirc. Zd7d. 19810(Edin.) 
Apon a dai at tide of none. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 343 
Sumtyme men ..weren hool in be same dai. 1523 Lp. 
Berners /’vo7ss. I. cxl. 167 Some day y® one part lost, and 
some day the other. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. V//I, c. 21 § 25 
Before the saide .xii. daie of Marche. 1600-12 RowLanps 
four Knaves (Percy Soc.) 75 They say, The better the day 
the better the deede. 1704 Netson Fest. § Fasts i. (1739) 
16 The first Day of the Week called the Lord’s Day. 
tr, Gregory's Astron. 1, 262 You need only to know what 

* 


DAY, 


Day of each Month the Sun enters a Si 
compute one Degree for every 


of the Ecliptic, 

Day thence. 1799 
F. Letcuton Let. to F. Boucher 21 Sept. (MS.), Pray treat 
me with a letter on an early day as parliament folks say. 
1865 TroLLore Belton Est. x. 109 She would return home 
on the day but one after the funeral. 


b. Phrase. day: on a certain or particular 
day in the past; on some day in the future. So 
of future time, some day; and of the present or 
proximate future, one or some of these days. 

1535 CoverDALe x Sam. xxvii. 1 One of these dayes shal 
I into the handes of Saul. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 
1. (1625) 66 His meaning is one of these daies to entreate 
your paines hitherwards. 1594 SPENSER Amoretti \xxv, 
One day I wrote her name — the strand. 1613 Suaks. 
Hen. VIII, u. ii. 22 The King will know him one day. 
1659 B. Harrys Parival’s Iron Age 53 Hadit not been, to 
revenge himself one day, upon the Spaniards. 1838 Dickens 
O. Twist xxxvi, You will tell me a different tale one of 
these days. 1855 SmepLey H. Coverdale xxxv, Some of 
these days I shall be obliged to give him a lesson. 

III. A specified or appointed day. 

8. A specific period of twenty-four hours, the 
whole or part of which is assigned to some parti- 
cular purpose, observance, or action, or which is 
the date or anniversary of some event, indicated by 
an attributive addition or by the context; e.g. 
saints’ days, holy days, New Year's day, Lady-day, 
Christmas-day, St. Swithin’s-day, pay-day, rent- 
day, settling-day, birth-day, wedding-day, corona- 
tion-day, etc. (See the various defining words.) 

c1175 Lamb. Hom.11 Nu beod icumen .. ba halie da3es 
uppen us, 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 368 A Seyn Nycolas day 


he com. cx14s0 S¢. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7007 Ilk 3ere.. ae os | 
(ey ‘o 


day of bedis deying. 1577 HotinsHep Chron. IV. 504 
put us in mind how we violate the Sabboth daie. 1595 
HAKS. Pohn v. i. 25 Is this Ascension day? 1600 J. Pory 
tr. Leo's Africa Aij, At London this ties and fortieth 
most joifull Coronation-day of her sacred Maijestie. 1600. 
1615 J. SrepHens Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 222 Like a bookesellers 
shoppe on Bartholomew day. 1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 
100 In each term there is one day whereon the courts do not 
transact business. . These are termed Grand days in the inns 
of court; and Gaudy days at the two Universities. 1884 
Christian World g Oct. 764/1 Lord Bramwell. .had spoken 
of Saturday as ‘ pay-day, drink-day, and crime-day’. 
b. Last day (OE. ytemesta deg), Day of Judge- 


ment or of Doom, Doomsday, Judgement day, Day 


shall be raised to be ‘judged of the deeds done 
in the body’. Sce also the various qualifying 
words. 

971 Blickl. Hom. 57 Seo saul... onfehp hire lichoman on 
pbzm ytmestan daze. a 1300 Cursor M. 27362 (Cott.) pe dai 
of wreth. 1382 WycuiF 2 Pet. iii. 10 Forsothe the day of 
the Lord shal come as a theef. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. 
P 305 He schal 3elde of hem account at pe day of doome. 
@ 1400 Prymer (1891) 82 Haue mercy of me whan bow comest 
in pe laste day. @ 1533 Lp. Berners Huon clvili. 606 Vnto 
the day of Iugemente. 1583 Stuspes Anat, Abus. u1. (1882) 
86 The generall resurrection at the last day. did. 1.96 At 
y® gret day of the Lord. 1 Locke Hum. Und. 1. xxvii. 
(1695) 187 In the great Day, wherein the Secrets of all Hearts 
shall be laid open. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 75 The 
severer doom, and more public infamy, of the great day. 
1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 109 The Day of Judgment or 
vengeance. 

+c. Hence in early versions of N. T. = Judge- 
ment: a literal rendering of Gr. #épa in reference 
to the Judgement Day. Oés. 

1382 Wyctir 1 Cor. iv. 3 To me it is for the leeste thing 
that I be demyd of 30u, or of mannis day [Tinpate, Khem. 
daye, Cranmer, Geneva, 1611, 1881 judgement]. a 1628 
Preston New Covt. 19 He would not regard to be judged 
by mans day, as long as he was not judged by the Lord. 

9. A day appointed, a fixed date, esp. for payment. 

c ns meng Hom. 35 Ne mae he ae sen riche ford he 
scal penne is dei cumesd. cr . Eng. Leg. 1. 250/334. ¥ 
Trevisa Higden 111.1 (Matz) Pe dettoures apts ae 
pay here money al here 5 ¢ 1400 Gamelyn 792 He wold.. 
Come afore pe Iustice to kepen his day. ¢ 1500 Merch. § 
Son in Halliwell Muga Poet. 21 In cas he faylyd hys day. 
1535 Stewart Cron, Scot. I. 556 The king of Cooetis: -come 
thair to keip his da. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V.1. iii. 165 If he 
should breake his daie, what should I gaine By the exaction 
of the forfeiture? 16.. Drypen(J.), Or if my debtors do not 
keep their day. a 1883 in J. G. Butler Bible Work 11. 343 
Christ, in the interval between the resurrection and ascension, 
keeps day with his disciples. 

. A day in each week (or other period) fixed 
for receptions, etc.; a day on which a hostess is 
‘at home’, 

1694 Concreve Double Dealer ut. ix, You have been at my 
lady Whifler’s u her day, madam? 1801 LemaistReE 
Rough Sk. Mod. Paris iv. 59 Each of the mini has 


Sue “tee ae oS OP NS ee eee ee ee 


50 


Iv. As of time, a period. 
+11. A deat (ot tial Its extent is usually de- 


fined by the accompanying words. Now Oés. or Se. 
Paston Lett, Me ax I. 227 They have be fals both 
to Ch ys and to me thys vij day. ¢1470 


Haroinc Chron. Proem xxii, Who Ja fore Paris a moneth 
daye. 1550 Crowtey Efigr. 1462 You shall. .lende but for 
a monethes day. 1552 ‘I. Gresuam in Strype Eccl. Mem. 
it, Dep. Se 148 No man convey out any parcel of lead five 
years day. 1568 E. Titney Disc. Mariage Cj, I could 
recite many les. .if the time woulde suffer mee. You 
have yet day h, quoth the Lady Julia. cx670 Hoppes 
Dial, Com. Laws 145 Which Statute allo to these 
Provisors Six weeks Day to appear, 1825-79 JAMIESON, 
A month's day, the space of a month; A year's day, the 


space of a year. 

+12. Time allowed wherein to be ready, esp. for 
payment ; delay, respite; credit. Ods. 

1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T. 847 And him bysecheth ..To 
graunte him dayes of the remenaunt. 1428 £. £. Wills 
(1882) 82 To have ther-of resonable daies of paiement. 1 
Lp. Berners F7oiss. I. ccxiii. et Rebs truce..is nat expired, 
but hath day to endure vnto the first day of Maye next. 
c1530 — Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 477, I giue her daye for 
amoneth, & truse in the meane season. 1§76 GascoIGNE 
Steele Gi, (Arb.) 80 When drapers draw no gaines by giuing 
day. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 616 Ye Merchants .. 
make them pay deare for daies. 1644 Quartes Barnabas 
& B. 18 I'll give no day. .I must have present money. jee 
Rusuw. Hist. Coll. 1. 640 That he might have day until the 
25 of October, to consider of the return. : ; 

18. The time during which anything exists or 
takes place; period, time, era. 


P 


the days of King Arthur, days of old, in those days, 


a. expressed more literally by the #/.: e.g. me 


in days to come, men of other days, etc. Better 
days: times when one was better off: so evi/ days. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 3 Odre men be waren bi po da3es. 
1300 Cursor M. 17546 (Cott.) In ald dais. /é:zd. 21712 
(Cott.) Nu in vr daies. 1 Lanot. P. Pl. A. 1. 96 Dauid, 
in his dayes he Dubbede knihtes. 14 Matory Arthur 
x. Ixxxvi, Yet had I neuer reward. .of her the dayes of my 
lyf. 1513 Douctas 42nezs xi. ix. 69 Twichyng the stait, 
quhilum be days gone, Of Latium. 1548 Hat Chron. 
239 b, Of no small authoritie in those dayes. 1576 FLEMING 
Panopl. Epist. ij, 1 know not where we shall finde one in 
these our dayes. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 953 What 
sonne of Israel can hope for good daies, when hee heares 


his Fathers were so evill? 1652 CuLpeprer Eng. Physic. 183 | 
pallets | An Herb of as great Use with us in these dayes. 1732 
of the Lord, of Accounts, Retribution, Wrath, | 


Great Day, etc.: the day on which the dead | 


Berke vey Alciphr. vi. § 26 The Jewish state in the days of 
Josephus. 1806 Forsytu Beauties Scotl. 1V. 102 The whole 
town bears evident marks of esstipe seen better days. ae 
Lytton //arold 1. i, In the good old days before the Monk- 
king reigned. 1880 T. Fowrer Locke i. 7 During his 
undergraduate and bachelor days. 

+B. In this sense, esf., ME. used dawen, dawe, 
from the OE. dat. pl. on Jam dagum. When dawe 
(daw) began to be viewed as sing., dawes was often 
used in the pl. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt. iii. r On bam dagum com Iohannes. 
c1160 Hatton G. ibid., On pam dajen. c1200 Trin. Coll. 
Hom. 47 Swich peu wes bi pan dajen. cr 5 Lay. 397 After 
pan havene lawe pat stot [= stood] in pan ilke dawe. a1300 
Cursor M. 4082 (Cott.) Als it bitidd mikel in paa dauus 
[v.r. be alde dawes]. c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3852 Non 
better nar bi po dawe. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T. 452 
Felawes, The which he had y-knowen in olde dawes. ¢ 1430 
Lypc. Bochas u1. xiii. 86 b, Newer: .in their dawes. ¢ 1430 
Freemasonry 509 (Mitz.) Suche mawmetys he hade yn hys 
dawe. 10x Douctas Pa/. Hon, m1. xliv, Tullus Seruillius 
douchtie in his daw. 

b. expressed more jig. by the sing. Now esf. 
in phrases at or /o this or that day, at the present 
day, in our own day, at some future day, etc. 

1382 Wycuir Yohn xiv. 20 In that day 3e schulen knowe, 
for Lam in my fadir, and 3ee in me, 1578 Timms Calvin 
on Gen. 242 Which Men at this day call Cairum. 161% 
Biste £zeh. xxx. 9 In that day shall messengers goe foorth 
from me in shippes. 1662 Srituincrt. Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. $1 
To this day..the Coptites and antient Egyptians call the 
end of the year vei. 1771 Smottett Humph, Ci. I. 2 
Apr., The inconveniences which I overlooked in the hi 
day of health, 1805 Scorr Last Minstr. Introd. 4 His 
wither'd cheek and tresses grey Seem'd to have known 
a better day. 1 Macautay Hist. £} I. 403 To this 
day Palamon and Arcite..are the deli both of critics 
and of schoolboys. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 48 They 
were..more just than the men of our day. | - 

(6) The day: the time under consideration, time 
(now or then) present. (Cf. she hour, the moment.) 
Order of the day: see Orper. The day; Sc. for 
To-Day, q.v. 

1814 Scorr Wav. xlii, ‘ But we maun a’ live the day, and 
have our dinner. 1839 Sir C. Narier in W, N. Bruce 
Life iv. (1885) 127 Funk is the order of the day, 1893 W- 
P. Courtney in Academy 13 May 413/1 The gardens were 
I. d by the best landscape leners of the day, fod. 


a day, to which all foreigners may be taken by their respec- 
tive ministers, 1888 Mrs. H. Warp &. Elsmere (2890) 3°7 
We found she was in town, and went on her ‘day’. 

10. =Day of battle or contest; day’s work on 
the field of battle: esf.in phrases fo carry, get, 
win, lose the day. Cf, FrELD, and Carry 15 ¢, etc. 

1557 Tusser 100 Points Husb. xci, The battell is fought, 
thou hast gotten the daye. 1600 E. Biounr tr, Conestaggio 
23 Without his aide the day would be perillous. 1642 
Rocrrs Naaman 492 Shew us how we may get the day of 
our adversary, 1659 B. Harris Parival's ron Age 196 The 
Imperialists, thinking the Day was theirs. 1721 R. BrapLey 
Wks. Nature 139 The Silk Worm at present carries the 
Day before all others of the Papilionaceous Tribe. 1848 
Macautay //ist, Eng. 11, 168 The bloody day of Seneff. 


Men and women of the day. The book of the day. 
14. With personal pronoun ; Period of a person’s 
rule, activity, career, or life; lifetime. a. in sing. 
1297 R. Grove. (1724) 376 Heye men ne dorste by hys 
day wylde best nyme no3t. a 1300 Cursor M. 8315 (Cott.) 
on .. sal be king efter pi dai. c1300 Beket 649 Heo 
that was so freo and he3 bi myn ancestres daye. ¢1400 
Gamelyn 65 Thus dalte the ae his lond by his day. 
a 1500 Childe of Bristowe 360 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 124 Yet 
dwel y stille in ..tyl y haue fulfilled my day, 1795 
Soutnry Yoan of Arc ut. 293 si ot Bo page) honour'd in their 
day. 18g0 L. Hunt A ufodiog. (1860) 1, I have had vanities 
enough in my day. 7 
b. in f/. Time of one’s life, span of existence. 
To end one's days ; to die. 


| 
| 


DAY. 


1466 Paston Lett. No. 552 11. 282 Like as the said John 
pon a pg sary alge Apeededagy cage 1484 CaxTon 


influence. 
Proverb. A (every) dog has his aaa > 


th a day, so may I have 
E, 867) 30 Bi uery diss doc back oO 

gr. (x ut as e man saith, a dog hath a daie. 
ea! Suaks. Bom. v. i. 31 e Cat will Mew, and Dogge 
will haue his day. B. Jonson Tale Tub un. i, A man 
has his hour, p> a is day, 1703 Rowe Ulyss. 1. i. 71 
Suffer the Fools to laugh. . This is their Day. AR oer 
Fr. Rev. 1. i, 2 Each has but his day. x MraALt 
Nonconf. 1.1 Diplomacy had its day, and failed. 1850 
Tennyson /n Mem. Prol. v, Our little systems have their 
day, They have their day and cease to be. 

V. Phrases. 

16. A-pay, A-DayYs, q.v. (see alsorb); By Day, 
BI-DAY (see I and By prep. 19, 20); by the day 
(By prep. 24) ; TO-DAY. 

+17. Of daw(e (OE. type *of dagum, ME. of da- 
3en, of daze, of dawe, of dawes, of daw (day), a daw; 
corruptly on, to dazw(e): in to bring, do of or out of 
dawe, life's dawe, to deprive of life, to kill ; 40 de of 
dawe, to be dead. Obs. See also ADAWE adv. 

a1225 Yuliana 3x He walde don hire.. ut of dahene. 
1300 Cursor M. 4168 (Gott.) wil na man of vs mak 
saue, Pat we him [Joseph] suld haue done of daue [v.77. on 
dau, of daghe]. /éid. 7808 (Fairf.) He me be-so3t. . I sulde 
him bringe on liues dawe [v.77. 0 dau, o daw, of dawe). 
C1300 Seyn Fulian 193 Pat heo of dawe be. cx325 £. £. 
Allit. P. A. 282, | trawed my perle don out of dawez. 241400 
Morte Arth. 2056 That oure soveraygne sulde be distroyede, 
And alle done of dawez. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 107 Mony 
amon was p' day y do to dawe. ¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. 
vit. xxi. 119 De A pus wes dwne ofday. 1513 DoucLas 
AE neis u. iii. 58 He was slane, allace, and brocht of daw. 

18. This or that day week (in Sc. eight days), 
twelve months, etc.: used of measurement of time 
forward or backward: the same day a week or 
a year after or before. 

1526 TinpaLe Ac/s x. 30 This daye nowe .iiij. dayes 
I fasted. 165r Cromwett Lett. 3 Sept. pice bx | e third 
of September, (remarkable for a mercy vouchsafed to 
forces on this day twelvemonth in Scotland), 180r Exiz. 
Hetme St. Margaret's Cave 111. 244 On the day month 
that he had made the dreadful avowal. 1815 Byron 
Let. to Moore 10 Jan., 1 was married this day week. 1865 
Kincstey Herew. xv. (1877) 189 Let Harold see how many 
..he holds by this day twelve months. od. He is expected 
this day week (or, in Sc., this day eight days). 

19. Day about, on alternate days in rotation, 
each on or for a day in his turn: cf. Apour, 
A. 5b. Day by day, on each successive day, 
daily, every day in its turn (without any notion 
of cessation) ; also af/rib. Day after day, each 
day as a sequel to the preceding, on every day 
as it comes (but without intending future continu- 
ance), (From) day to day, continuously or with- 
out interruption from one day to another (said of 
a continuation of state or conditions) ; also a¢érid. 

1g.. Morrat Wf of Auchtirmuchty (Bannatyne MS.), 
Content am I To tak the pluche i ew about. 


Sec thea dary Uy be 

each other . 

“alae Trvson Poca 33 A world of peace And confidence, 
y after day. 

R. Grove, (a Fram daye to daye hii dude 
the eaeainane vay Cathet 88 From Day to day, die 
in diem, in dies, di ‘Aurelio § Isab, (1608) 1 iij, 
you have 


beane worse, 1605 SHAKS. 


Cc ta che potty from day to day. 1712 ADDISON 

Speer. No. 445 P3 Rether 1 should stil persist in laying 

my Speculations, from Day to Day, before the Publick. 

1883 Manch. Exam, 8 Dec. 4/1 For day-to-day loans the 
charge was 2 to 2} per cent, 


20. All day: the whole day; + every day; see 
1b,and Atpay. A// days: always, for ever: see 
6b. Better days: see 13a. EVERY-DAY, FrrstT Day, 

.v. Good day: see Goop. Late in the day: see 

ate. Now-a-days, + now bi-dawe: see Now and 
A-pays. One day, one of these days; see 7b. The 
other day: two (or a few) days ago: see OTHER. 
Some day, some of these days; see 7b. Time of 
day ; hour of the clock, period of the world’s history, 
etc.: see True. Zhe pry after (or before) the fair : 
too late (or too early); see Fair sb.) Days in 
Bank, Days of Grace, etc.: see BANK? 2, Grace, ete. 


DAY. 


Also AL Foons’ pAy, ASCENSION, BLACK-LETTER, 
Lawrut Day, etc.: see these words, _ 

VI. Attributive uses and Combinations. 

21. The common use of the possessive genitive 
day’s (as in other nouns of time) somewhat restricts 
the simple attributive use of day. ‘The genitive is 
used in, e.g., the day’s duties, needs, sales, takings ; 
a day’s length, sunshine; aday’s fighting, journey, 
march, rest; a days allowance, fast, pay, provi- 
sions, victuals, wages, etc. So with the pl. ¢wo 
days’ journey, three days’ pay, etc. See also 
DaysMan, Day’s Work. 

ax250 Owl § Night. 1588 That gode wif .. Haveth daies 
kare and ni3tes wake. 1388 Wycur Luke ii. 44 Thei.. 
camen a daies iourney [1382 the wey of a day]. 1422 Z. £. 
Wills Sr 50 Myn eche daies gowne. 1548 Hatt Chron. 
228 b, Ponderynge together yestardayes promise, and two- 
dayes doyng. 1784 Cowrer Zask u. 6 My ear is pained .. 
with every Aer report. 1859 TENNYSON “nid 476 In next 
day’s tourney. Mod, ‘ He has neither night’s rest nor day’s 
ease’, as the saying is. A distance of three days’ journey. 

22. Such combinations as eight days when used 
attrib. may become ezght-day. 

1836 [see Eicut]. 1847 Nat. Encycl. 1. 413 Six-day 
licenses may be granted. od. An eight-day clock. 

. General combinations: a. szvzple attrib. ‘ of 
the day, esf. as opposed to the night, the day’s’, 
as day-beam, -blush, -glory, -god, -going, -hours, 
-season, -spirit ; ‘of a day, as a period of time, a 
day’s’, as day-bill, -journey, -name, -respite, -sum, 
-ticket, -warning. 

1813 Hoce Queen’s Wake 263 The *day-beam .. O’er 
Queensberry began to peep. 1825 D. L. Richarpson 
Sonnets 60 The day-beams fade Along the crimson west. 
1824 Byron ¥uan xv. lxii, A single *day-bill Of modern 
dinners. 1813 — Br. Adydos u. xxviii, When the *day- 
blush bursts from high. 1827 Blackw. Mag. XXI. 81 Why, 
*Day-god, why so late? 1638 Jackson Creed 1x. xxiv. Wks. 
VIII. 353 Betwixt three of the clock and the *day-going. 
1 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. u. U The upper half of the 
circle..is the *Day-Hours, and the lower ..is the Night- 
Hours. 1483 Cath. Angi. 88 A *Day iornay, dieta. c 1489 
Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xix. 429 A*day respyte is worthe 
moche, @ 1568 CoverpaLe Bk. Death 1. xxi, Neither need 
to fear any inconvenience by night, neither swift arrow in 
the *day-season, 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 274 Thy 
*day-sum of delight. c1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 
(1814) 443 To be redy at a *day warning. - 

b. attrib. ‘ Pertaining to or characteristic of the 
day, existing by day, diurnal’; as day-bell, -bird, 
-breeze, -clothes, -guest, -haul, -moth, -shift, -task, 
-watch, -watchman, -wind. 

15.. Zale of Basyn 172 in Hazl. £. P. P. U1. 51 Thei 
daunsyd all the ny3t, till the son con ryse; The clerke rang 
the *day-bell, as it was his gise. 1774 Wuite in PAi?. 
Trans. UXV. 266 It does not withdraw to rest till a quarter 
before nine .. being the latest of all *day-birds. 1808 J. 
Bartow Columé. uu. 540 The *day-breeze fans the God. 
1644 A. BurcEssE Magistrates Commniission 15 It ought to be 
your *day-care and your night-care, and your morning-care. 
1856 Emerson Lung. Traits, Voy. to Eng. Wks. (Bohn) II. 
12 The master never slept but in his *day-clothes whilst on 
board. 4 WuitLock Zootomia 33 If griefe lodges with 
us over night, Joy shall be our *Day Guest. 1888 E. J. 
Matuer Nor ard of Dogger 103 The smacks had their gear 
down for a *day-haul. 1831 CartyLe Sart. Res, (1858) 73 
Your very *Daymoth has capabilities in this kind. 1872 
Daily News 12 Oct., The people of the *day-shift trooping 
in to relieve the night-workers. 1630 Bratuwait Lug. 
Gentlem., Our Ordinary Gentleman, whose *day-taske is 
this. 1837 WHEELWwRiGHT tr. Aristophanes 1. 263 Eluding 
our *day-watch. 1722 De For Plague (1840) 51 Till the 
morning-man, or *day-watchman, as they called him, came 
to relieve him. 1846 Keste Lyra Iunoc. (1873) 50 How 
soft the *day-wind sighed. ‘ 

e. With agent-nouns and words expressing action, 
(that acts or is done) by day, during the day, as 
distinguished from night’, as day-devourer, -drudge, 
flier, -lurker, -nurse, -seller, -sleeper ; day-drowst- 
ness, fishing, ~journeying, -reflection, -slumber, 
-somnambulism, -vision; also adjectives, as day- 
appearing, -flying, -shining, etc. 

1821 Suettey Fragments, Wandering i, Like a *day- 
appearing dream. 1725 Porr Odyss. xrx. 83 A *day-devourer, 
and an evening spy! 1852 Meanderings of Mem. 1. 149 
*Day-drowsiness—and aes arousing power. 1840 Car- 
LYLE Heroes (1858) 237 Show him the way of doing that, 
the dullest *daydrudge kindles into a hero. 1653 WALTON 
Axgler 126 There is night as well as *day-fishing for a Trout. 
1889 A. R. WALLACE Darwinism 248 *Day-flying moths. 
1876 Gro, Exior Dax, Der. IV. Ixiv. 274 In leisurely *day- 
journeying from Genoa to London. 1657 Tomiinson Rexou’s 
Disp. 4 Jugglers, *Day-lurkers, and Deceivers. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. W. 1 The *day-reflection, and the midnight- 
dream! 1889 Taddet 3 Aug. 167 Two classes of flower-girl— 
the *day-sellers and the night-sellers. 1380 SipNEy Arcadia 
(1622) 2 The *day-shining starres. 1549 Curxe Hurt Sedit. 
(1641) 41 *Day-sleepers, pursse-pickers. 18: Topp Cyci. 
Anat. II. 767/2 The bat. .awoke from its deep *day-slumber. 
1849 H. Mayo Truths in Pop. Superst. vi. 86 Let me 
narrate some instances..one of *day-somnambulism. 1677 
Gate Crt. Gentiles U1. 1. 58 Their night-dreams and *day- 
visions whereby they divined things. a 

d. objective or objective genitive, as day-dis- 
pensing, -distracting, -loving adjs. ; day-hater, -pro- 
longer; @. instrumental, as day-it, day-wearied 
adj.; f adverbial, as day-hired, -lasting, -lived 
adjs.; g. similative and parasynthetic, as day- 
bright, -clear, -eyed adjs. 

1sgo I. Watson Poems (Arb.) 159 Virgo make. fountains 


51 


of thy *daie-bright eine. a1592 Greene & Lonce Looking 
Glasse (1861) 124 The day-bright eyes that made me see. 
1785 Burns 2nd Ep. to ¥. Lapraik xvii, Some *day-detest- 
ing owl. 1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 102 The *day-distracting 
theme. 1796 T. TowNsHEND Poems 49 *Day-eyed Fancy. 
bg Daniet Civ. Wars u. c, The *day-hater, Minerva’s 
bird. 1751 Female Foundling 11. 159 *Day-hired Ser- 
vants. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawtu. Fan. Epist. Wks. (1711) 
139 *Day-lasting ornaments. 1885 R. L. Stevenson Dyna- 
miter 136 The broad, daylit unencumbered paths of uni- 
versal scepticism. 1839 BatLey /’estus v. (1848) 48 Things 
born of vice or *day-lived fashion. 1824 J. Bowrinc Bata- 
vian Anthol, 158 *Day-prolonger —summer’s mate. 1595 
Suaxs. Fohn v. iv. 35 Feeble, and *day-wearied Sunne. 
24. Special combinations: ‘+ day-and-ni‘ght- 
shot, the name of some disease; day-befo're 
attrib., of the previous day; day-boarder. see 
BoaRDER; + day-body, a person taken up with 
the things of the day; day-boy, a school-boy (at 
a boarding-school) who attends the classes but goes 
home for the evening, as distinguished from a 
BoaRDER, q.v. ; day-clock, a clock which requires 
to be wound up daily ; day-coal (see 5); + day, 
day ! a childish expression for ‘ good day’, ‘ good- 
bye’ (cf. ¢a-ta); day-degree (see quot.); day- 
drift, -hole (see quot. and 5); day-eye (Coal- 
mining), a working open to daylight ; day-gang 
‘+ a. a day’s march or journey (ods.); b. a gang of 
miners, etc., forming the day-shift; day-gown, 
a woman’s gown worn by day; day-holding, the 
holding of an appointed day (for arbitration) ; day- 
hours ( //.), those offices for the Canonical Hours 
whicharesaid inthe day-time; day-house (As¢ro/.), 
a house in which a planet is said to be stronger 
by day than by night (Wilson Déct. Astrol.) ; 
++ day-liver, one who lives for a day, or for the 
day ; dayman, one employed for the day, or for 
duty on a special day; day-nettle: see Drap- 
NETTLE and DEA-NEITLE; day-room, a room occu- 
pied by day only; + day-set, sun-set; day-shine, 
day-light ; + day-shutting, close of day, sunsct ; 
day-stone, a naturally detached block of stone 
found on the surface (see 5); day-streak, streak 
of dawn ; day-student, a student who comes to 
a college, etc. during the day for lectures or study, 
but does not reside there ; day-ticket, a railway or 
other ticket covering return on the same day ; also, 
a ticket covering all journeys or entrances made by 
the purchaser on the day of issue ; day-tide ( foe?.,) 
day-time ; day-wages, wages paid by the day; 
+ day-wait, a watcher or watchman by day; 
day’-wa'rd sd., ward kept by day; day'ward a. 
and adv., towards the day; day-water, surface 


water (see 5). 

1527 ANDREW Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters Kijb, The 
same water is good agaynste a sore named the *daye and 
nyght shotte. 1828 CosperT Sevm., Drunkenness 45 No- 
body is so dull as the *daybefore drunkard. 1567-8 App. 
Parker Corr, 310, I trust, not so great a *day-body..but 
can consider both reason and godliness. 1848 THACKERAY 
Van. Fair 11. xxi, Georgy was, like some dozen other pupils, 
only a *day-boy. 1888 Burcon Lives 12 Gd. Men 1. iii. 
302 The attempt was made to send [him]..as a day-boy, to 
Rugby school. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Bede 38 No sound.. 
but the loud ticking of the old *day-clock. 1712 ARBUTHNOT 
John Bull w. vii, Bye! bye, Nic!.. Won't you like to 
shake your *day-day, Nic? 1784 P. Otiver in 7. Hutchin- 
son’s Diary II, 213 Day, day! Yrs, P. Oliver. 1886 Daily 
News 17 May 3/4 The result is expressed in *day-degrees, 
a day-degree signifying one degree of excess or deficit of 
temperature above or below 42 deg. continued for 24 hours, 
or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional 
number of hours. 1891 Labour Commission Gloss., *Day 
drifts or day holes, galleries or inclined planes driven from 
the surface so that men can walk underground to and from 
their work without descending and ascending a shaft. 1890 
H. T. Crorton in Trans. Lanc. & Cheshire Antig. Soc. 
VII. 27 Coal would probably be obtained first by ‘ drifts’, 
‘**day-eyes’, or ‘ breast-highs.’ a@ 1300 Cursor M, 5842 Vte 
of his land egg tee thre. 1840 T. A. TRoLLope Sze. 
Britt. 11. 163 When the day-gangs come up, and those for 
the night go down. 1889 Pad Mad/ G. 14 Nov. 1/3 Another 
*day gown for a well-known society woman. 1565 in Child 
Marriages (E.E.T.S.) 44 Ther was diuerse *daie-holdinges 
to get them to abide together ; which they neuer cold bringe 
to passe, 1892 PalZ Mall. G. 11 Feb. 5/1 The coal is won by 
means of a*day hole. 1855 P. FREEMAN Princ. Div. Service I. 
220 There is, however, attached to each of these ‘*day-hours” 
a ‘mid-hour’ Office. 1630 Drumm. or Hawt. Hymn to Fairest 
Fair, *Day-livers, we rememberance do lose Of ages worn. 
1880 7%mes 8 Oct. 8/5 The Liberal secretaries .. mentioned 
the names of the chairmen, treasurers, executive ‘*daymen’, 
and captains of the respective wards. 1882 NAres Seaman- 
ship (ed. 6) 98 Marines, Idlersor Daymen. 1823 NicHoLson 
Pract. Builder 577 A Small County Prison .. A spacious 
*day room on the ground floor. ¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7.718 
At *day set he on his way is goon. c 1822 Beppors Pyg- 
malion Poems 154 By moon, or lamp, or sunless *day shine 
white. 1872 Tennyson Gareth § L. 1065 Naked in open 
dayshine. 1673. in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 316 
That every publick house hang out lanthornes. .till 8 a clock 
at night, from *day shutting. 1877 A. H. Green Phys. 
Geol. x. § 3. 441 *Day-stones. 1850 CLoucn Difsychus 83 
The chilly *day-streak signal. 1883 Durham Univ. Fru. 
17 Dec. 141 Sorry indeed to see the *day-student system 
becoming the rule. 1846 Railway Reg. III. 248 *Day 
tickets—The charge is a fare and a half. 18:8 Keats 
Endym. wi, 365 At brim of *day-tide. 1625 tr. Camden's 
Hist. Eliz. 1. (1688) 49 Souldiers, Servants, and all that took 


DAYBOOK. 


*Day-Wages for their Labour. a1592 GreENE Orfharion 
Wks. (Grosart) XII. 86 A labourer for day wages. 1496 
Dives §& Paup. (W. de W.) v. xi. 210, I haue made the 
a *dayewayte to the people of Israell. 1597-1602 IV”. Riding 
Sessions Rolls 49 (Yorks. Archzol. Assoc.), Vigilias suas in 
diebus anglice their *daywarde. 1876 Lanier Poems, Psalue 
of West 367 Whilst ever *dayward thou art steadfast drawn. 
1698 Cay in Phil. Trans. XX. 369 A meer *Day-Water .. 
immediately from the Clouds. 1808 Curwen Econ. Feeding 
Stock 198 A poor clay..extremely retentive of day-water. 

+ Day, v.! Ods. In 3 dezen, daizgen. [A 
form of Daw v., assimilated to day sb.] ‘To dawn. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 21726 Lihten hit gon de3en [c 1275 da3eie]. — 
21854 Faire hit gon da3izen. — 26940 Hit agon dai3en [c 1275 
dazeze]. c1275 /bid. 1694 A morwe po hit da3eéde [c 1205, 
dawede]. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 112 Dayyn, or wexyn day.. 
diesco. Ibid. 114 Dawyn idem est, quod dayyn [Pynson 
dayen], auroro. c1460 Towneley Myst.. Facob 108 Fare- 
well now, the day dayes. 1483 Cath. Angl. 88 To Day, 
diere, diescere. 

Hence Day‘ing vé/. sb. = DAWING, DAWNING. 

c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxvii, In pe daying of be day. 
¢1532 Dewes Jxtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 927 At the dayeng, 
a Lajourner. 

+ Day, v.2 Obs. 
connected senses. ] 

1. trans. To appoint a day to any one; to cite or 
summon for an appointed day. [transl]. Flem. 
daghen. | 

1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 19 That he shold be sente 
fore and dayed ernestly agayn, for tlo] abyde suche luge- 
ment. 

2. To submit (a matter) to, or decide by, arbi- 
tration. Cf. DAYMEN’. 

1484 [see Dayinc v7. sb.]._ 1880 Lurton Sivgila 117 They 
haue bin enforced when all their money was. .spent, to haue 
their matter dayed, and ended by arbitrement. 

8. To give (a person) time for payment; adso/. 
to postpone payment. (Cf. Day sd. 12.) 

1566 WaGer €riell Debter, The most part of my debtters 
have honestly payed, And they that were not redy I have 
gently dayed. 1573 Tusser Husd. Ixii. (1878) 139 Tl 
husbandrie daieth, or letteth it lie: Good husbandrie paieth, 
the cheaper to bie. 

4. To appoint or fix as a date. 

1594 Carew asso (1881) 114 So when the terme was 
present come, that dayd The Captaine had. 

5. To measure by the day; to furnish with days. 

1600 Asp. Ansot Exp, Fonah 545 Is it nothing that their 
life is dayed and houred, and inched out by a fearful God 
and terrible? 1616 BuppeEn tr. Aerodius’ Parent's Hon. 168 
Naturall duty, can neither be dayde nor yeard, nor deter- 
mined by age, or eldership. 1839 Batty Hestus xiii. (1848) 
122 When earth was dayed--was morrowed. 

6. 70 year and day: to subject to the statutory 
period of a year and a day. 

1523 Firzuers. Surv. 28b, And put them in sauegarde to 
the lordes vse till they be yered and deyd. @1626 W.ScLater 
Serm. Exper. (1638) 186 Whiles favours are new, we can .. 
say, God be thanked; but, once year’d and day’d, they 
scarce ever come more into our thought. 

Day, var. of Dey, dairywoman. 

+ Day'age. Ods. [?f Day sé.+-ace.] 
murrage. 

1592 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 70 [Various 
heads under which dues were claimed].. Ferriage ; Daiage ; 
Lastage ; Wharfage ; Keyage; Cranage. 

+ Day'-bed. O¢s. A bed to rest on in the day- 
time; a sofa, couch, lounge ; ¢rans/. (the using of) 
a bed by day. 

1594 Suaxs. Rich, III, m1. vii. 72 (Qo. 1) He is not lulling 
ona lewd day bed. @1613 Oversury Charac., Ordinarie 
Fencer Wks. (1856) 111 A bench, which in the vacation of 
the afternoons he uses as his day-bed. — Distaster 127 
He is a day-bed for the Devill to slumber on. 1818 Scorr 
Rob Roy xxxix, An old-fashioned day-bed, or settee. 1831 
Cart. Tretawny Adv. Younger Son 11. 193 Day-beds, fetid 
air, nightly waltzes and quadrilles, rob her of youth. 

Day'berry. Jocal. (Cornw.) Also deberry 
(Devon), dabberry (Kezt). A local name of the 
gooseberry, chiefly in its wild form. 

1736 Prcce Kenticisms, Dabberries pl., gooseberries. 
1847-78 HatLiwELL, Dedberries, gooseberries. Devon. 1880 
Cornwall Gloss., Day-berry, the wild gooseberry. , 

Day’-blindness. A visual defect in which 
the eyes see indistinctly, or not at all, by daylight, 
but tolerably well by artificial light. 

1834 Goon Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 145. 1838 Penny Cyc. 
XII. 114/2 Nyctalopia, night-vision, or day-blindness, prob- 
ably never occurs as a separate disease. z : 

Day'book, day-book. A book in which the 
occurrences or transactions of the day are entered ; 
a diary, journal ; + also, a book for daily use or 
reference ; Vazt. a log-book (o0és.). 

1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Papier iournal, a 
day booke. 1583 J. Hicins tr. ¥2nius’ Nomenclator (N.), 
Diarium.. Registre journel..& daie booke, conteining such 
acts, deedes, and matters as are dailie done. 1603 FLorio 
Montaigne (1634) 111 The daybooke of houshold affaires. 
1615 R. Brucu (¢ét/e) Gerhard’s Soule’s Watch; or a 
Day-booke for the devout Soule, consisting of one and 
fiftie Heavenly Meditations. 1654 Trapp Com. Ps. v. 4 
The young Lord Harrington, and sundry others, kept 
Journals, or Day-books, and oft read them over, for an help 
to Humiliation, 1709 Steete Tatler No. 10 P3, I see 
a Sentence of Latin in my Brother's Day-Book of Wit. 
1866 Mrs. Gasket. Wives and D, 1. 328, ‘I don’t like his 
looks’, thought Mr. Gibson to himself at night, as over his 
daybooks he reviewed the events of the day. 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Day-book, an old and better name for 
the log-book. 

T*-2 


[f Day s56.; in several dis- 


? De- 


DAYBREAK. 


b. Book-keeping. Originally, a book in which 
the commercial transactions of the day, as sales, 
purchases, etc., are entered at once in the order in 
which they occur; now, very generally restricted to 
a book containing the daily record of a particular 
class of transactions, as a Purchases Daybook, 
Sales Daybook, and more especially used of the 
latter, in which credit sales are recorded. 

In Book-keeping by Double Entry, often a synonym of 
the Wast. bi k, whence sactions are posted in the 
Fournal; in the methods of Single Entry commonly used 
by tradesmen, the book in which goods sold on credit are 
entered tothe debit of the purchaser, and whence they are 
posted into the Ledger, is called variously Daybook or 
Journal. 

1660 T, WittsrorD Scales of Commerce 208 The Diary, or 
Day-book, ought to be in a large folio. 1682 ScARLETT 
Exchanges 222 In some Fairs they use only to note the 
Resconter in their Day-books, or Memorial, or Pocket- 
Books that can be blotted out again. 1 ‘51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. s.v. Book, The waste-book..is in reality a journal or 
day-book; but that name being applied to another, the 
name waste book is given to this by way of distinction .. 
Fournal-book or day-book, is that wherein the affairs of each 
day are entered orderly down, as they happen, from the 
waste-book. 1887 Westm. Rev. June 276 The ledgers and 
daybooks of every-day business life are his guides. 

Day’‘break. [Cf. Break v. 41 and sd,1 2.] The 
first appearance of light in the morning; dawn. 

1530 Patscr. 804/1 At daye breake, au jour creuer. 1683 
Burnet tr. More's Utopia (1684) 81 It is ordinary to have 
Publick Lectures every Morning before day-break. 1841 
Lane Arad. Nts. 1. 17 Between daybreak and sunrise. 

attrib, 1825 Waterton Wand. S. Amer. 1. i. The 
crowing of the hannaquoi will sound in thine ears like the 
daybreak town-clock. 

So + Day’-breaking, the breaking of the day. 

1598 GRrENEWEY Tacitus’ Ann. 1. xiv. (1622) 26 At day 
breaking, the legions .. abandoned their standings. 1647 
(¢7tZe), The Day-breaking if not the Sun-rising of the Gospel 
with the Indians in New England. 

Day-daw. Sc. =next. 

Day'-dawn. Chiefly Zoctic. The dawn of day, 
daybreak. 

1813 Coteripce Remorse w. ii. 53 His tender smiles, love’s 
day-dawn on his lips. 1857 S. Osporn Quedah ix. 109 The 
daydawn had already chased the stars away. 1 Morris 
Odyssey \v. 192 Now doth the Day-dawn speed, And at hand 
is the mother of morning. ; 

Day’-dream. A dream indulged in while 
awake, esp. one of happiness or gratified hope or 
ambition ; a reverie, castle in the air. 

1685 Drypen Lucret. (T.), And when awake, thy soul but 
nods at best, Day dreams and sickly thoughts revolving in 
thy breast. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 167 P 3 The gay 
Phantoms that dance before my waking Eyes and compose 
my Day-Dreams. 1815 Scotr Guy I. iv, We shall not 
pursue a lover's day-dream any farther. C. Knicut 
Passages Work, Lifel. i. 122 The realities of life had cured 
me of many day-dreams. 

attrib, 1829 I. Tayvtor Enthus. ix. 231 The object of day- 
dream contemplation. 

So Day’-dream v., to indulge in day-dreams ; 
Day’-dreamer ; Day'-dreaming v//. sb.; Day'- 
dreamy a., pertaining to day-dreams, 

1820 W. Irvine Sketch-Bk., The Voyage, One given to 
day-dreaming, and fond of mene himself in reveries. 1873 
Symonps Grk. Poets xi. 376 All day-dreamers and castle- 
builders. 1884 A thenzum 6 Dec. 738/1 The girl .. who sits 
day-dreaming in a vignette. 

ayerie, -ry, obs. forms of Datry. 

Dayesie, dayesegh, obs. forms of Daisy. 

+ Day'-fever. Ols. A fever of a day’s dura- 
tion or coming on in the day-time ; the sweating- 
sickness, ephemera anglica pestilens of old authors. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny II. Sh lag who vpon the Suns 
heat haue gotten the headach or a day-feuer. 1610 — 
Camden's Brit. 1. 24 That pestilent day-fever in Britaine, 
which commonly wee call the British or English swet. 

Day’-flower. A flower that opens by day; 
spec. in U.S, the genus Commelyna or Spider- 
wort. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. #2 The Virginian Spider- 
wort..may be called the Day Flower, for it opens in the 
day, and closes in the night. 1866 Treas. Bot., Day-flower, 
an American name for Commelyna. 

Day’-fly. An insect of the family Zphemeride, 
which in the imago or perfect state lives only a few 
hours or at most a few days; an ephemerid, 

1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 330 A foure footed flie .. it liueth 
not aboue one day, whereupon it is called Hemerobion 
(, a day-fly). ax71x Ken vatives Poet. Wks. 1721 
IV. 36 This Fly..Never lives longer than a single Day; 
’Tis therefore styl'd a Day-Fly. 1860 Gosse Kom. Nat. 
HTist. 15 The triple-tailed of dayflies creep in and out. 

Day-house: see Dry-HOUSE. 

+i ing, v/. sb. Obs. [f Day v.27] The 
action of the verb Day, esp. arbitration, settle- 
ment of a dispute by ‘ daysmen’. 

1484 Churchw, Acc. St. Dunstan's, Canterd., Spent at the 
dayng betwene Baker and the paryshe. 1556 J. Heywoop 
Spider § F. K iv, To bie at a newe Or bringe..To an 
vneertentie by douwtfull daying. /dzd. O iij, That we maie 
name our en to this daiyng. 1565 Jewer Def. Afol. 
(1611) 42 Our Doctrine hath bin So too long, to be 
put a daying in these daies. Bernarp tr. Terence, 
Andria iu. ii, If 1 doe obtaine her, why should I make any 
more daying for the matter? 1612 Speep /ist. Gt. Brit. 1X. 
) me 16 Neither indeed did Philip thus put the matter to 

laying. 


52 


+Day‘ish, c. Ods. rare. [f. Day sb. + -1SH.] 
Of or ining to day; diurnal. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. dé P. R. vu. ix. (Tollem. MS.), 


“Dayische signis [diurna; 1535 = eee 


ayl, obs. form of DALE's 
Day labour, day tabour. Labour done as 
a daily task, or for daily wages; labour hired by 


the day. 

©1449 Pecock Refr., His dai labour. c 1655 Mitton 
Sonn. Blindness, ‘Doth God exact day labour, light denied? 
I fondly ask. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 245 
Such as escaped, fled into Holland, to save their uni apy 
lives by Day-labour. 1749 BerkeLey Word to Wise Wks. 
III. 446 By pure dint of day-labour, frugality, and foresight. 
1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 101 An |xpeors «as low, in 
regard to the value of day labour, as could. - be ex; e ted. 

ay:-la‘bourer. A labourer who is hired to 
work at a certain rate of wages per day ; one who 
earns his living by day labour. 

1548 Act 2-3 Edw. VI, c. 13 § 7 Other than such as beene 
common day labourers. 1585 Asp. SANpys Sermt. (1841) 104 
Should a king then .. prefer a mean artificer or a day- 
labourer before himself? 1632 Mitton L’Adlegro 109 His 
shadowy flail hath threshed the corn That ten day-labourers 
could not end. 1699 Poor Max's Plea 16 In the Southern 

arts of England, where a Day-labourer can gain 9s. per 
Week for his Labour. 1755 SMOLLETT Quix. (1803) IV. 43 
It makes me sweat like a day-labourer. a 1853 Robertson 
Lect. Cor. xxiii. (1878) 171 A nation may exist without an 
astronomer, or philosopher, but a day-labourer is essential 
to the existence of man. . 

So Day’-la‘bouring ///. a., that works for daily 
wages. : 

1739 Cipser Afol. (1756) I. 313 The day-labouring actors. 
1810 Sporting Mag. XX XV. 213 Simpson is a day-labouring 


man. 

Dayless (dé'lés),a. [f. Day sd. + -LEss.] 

+1. Without redress, resource, or result. Oés. 

(? ue lost his day, or the day.) 

1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 92 Pes vanytes wasten pore 
mennus goodis & suffren hem goo dailes whanne pei han 
nedis to pursue. /éid. 129 Pore men schullen stonde with 
oute & goo dailes but 3if pei geten knockis. 1387 TREvIsA 
Higden (Rolls) V. 159 His enemy was bigiled and passed 
dayles [in vanum]. 1519 Horman Vudg. 247b, He came 
ageyne daylesse, or nothynge done [ve infecta rediit]. 

4 Devoid ofthe light of day; dark. 

1816 Byron Prisoner of Chillon Sonnet, To fetters and the 
damp vault’s dayless gloom. 1892 Lp. Lytton King 
Poppy Prol. 356 Gleaming thro’ a dayless world. 

. Not divided into days. 

1839 BaiLey Festus xix. (1848) 218 Deep in all dayless 
time, degreeless space. 

Daylight (dé loit). 

1. The light of day. (Formerly also day's light.) 
+ To burn daylight: see BURN v. 11 b. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 6195 (Cott.) Drightin self bam ledd pair 
wai .. Wit cluden piler on dai light. /id. 17344 Par he o 
naman suld ha sight, Ne nankins leme o dais light. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 328 A bak to walke inne by 
day-light. 1484 Caxton Fadles of Alfonse (1889) 1 He 
had shame by daye ly3t to go in to the hows of his Frend. 
1 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. ii. 20 The brightnesse of her 
cheeke would shame those starres As day-light doth a Lampe. 
1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5283/2 We..resolved to pursue as long 
as we had Day-light. 1725 Pore Odyss. xvi. 353 The day- 
light fades. 1862 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) I. 187 His 
Lectures on Botany were..as clear as daylight. 

b. fig. The full NB of knowledge and observa- 
tion ; openness, publicity. 

1690 Locke Hum. Und. w. xiv. (1695) 374 God has set 
some things in broad Day-light ; as he has given us some 
certain Knowledge. 1856 Emerson Eng. 7vaits, Character 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 58 They are good at..any desperate service 
which has daylight and honour in it. Law Times 
ary/s A healthy condition of such [jury] lists is not to be 
relied upon unless they are kept in plenty of daylight. 

ce. To let daylight into; to open up, make a 
hole in; to stab or shoot a person. slang. 

1793 A. Younc Example of France (ed, 3) 172 In the 
lan; of the streets, on de ag is let into him. 1841 
Punch 1. 101/2 (Farmer) With the. .intention of letting day- 
_ into the wittling di ment. 1890 Jé/ustr. Lond. 

ews Christm. No. 2/1 Some .. sharpshooter will .. let 
daylight into one of us. 

2. The time of daylight, the day-time ; spec. the 
time when daylight appears, day-break, as in defore 
or at daylight. 

(In early use not clearly separable from 1.) 

cx20§ Lay. 27337 Pa pas ferde wes al idiht ba wes hit dai- 
light. @ 1250 Owl & Night. a From eve fort hit is ber ats 
cx1400 Vwaine & v, 233 Alsone als it was dayes lyght. 
@ 1533 Lp. Berners //xox Ixvi. 228 To departe or it be day 
lyght. _ Narsoroven ¥rni, in Acc. Sev, Late Voy. 1. 
(1694) 112 At Dexia the Wind was at South-West. 1836 
Marrvar Midsh. Easy xiv. 51 Mesty was up at daylight. 
1885 E. Arnotp Secret of Death 5 Ofttimes at daylight 
I would go To watch the sunlight flood the skies, 

3. A clear visible space or interval: a. between 
boats, etc. in a race; b. between the rim of a 
wine-glass and the surface of the liquor, which 
must be filled up when a bumper is drunk; ec. 
between a rider and the saddle, etc. slang. 

1820 Suettey Gdipus Tyr. 1. ii. 35 Add. A toast ! 
a toast!.. A No heel-taps—darken daylights! 1836 

. eefer xliv, No heel-taps after, and no day- 
light before. 1884 Camé. Rev. 10 Dec. 132 After about a 
quarter of a mile, daylight was visible between the two boats. 

4. pl. The eyes. slang. 

1752 Frevpinc Amelia 1. x. (D.), If the lady says such 
another word to me..I will darken her daylights, 1821 


— 


DAY-RAWE. 


Blackw. Mag. X. 586, 1 saw the storm ., through my half- 
bunged-up daylights. ‘ 

5. (See quot.) 

1889 Century Dict., Daylight, a name of the American 
spotted turbot, Lophopsetia macudata, a fish so thin as to 
be almost t t..Also called window-pane. 

6. attrib. and Comb., as daylight colour, etc. ; 
+ daylight-gate, the going or close of the day. 

1613 T. Porrs Disc. Witches (Chetham Soc.) Bijb, The 
sayd Spirit .. at sundry times unto her .. about 
Daylight-gate. Newton Ofticks (J.), Their own day- 
light colours. 1753, ocartn Anal. Beauty xii. 95 A day- 

ight piece. 1842 G. S. Faser Provinc. Lett. (1844) 11. 301 

rough darkling suggestions rather than through day-light 
assertions, 1850 Hr. Martineau /ist. Peace I. 705 True 
to broad daylight English life. 

Hence (once-wd.) Day*lighty a., full of day- 
light, as a picture. 

1880 W. Severn in Macm. Mag. No. 245. 379 A truthful 
simple Miller, or a daylighty Cox. 

-lily. A lily, the flower of which lasts 
only for a day; a genus of liliaceous M casa 
Hemerocallis, with large yellow or orange flowers. 

1597 Gerarve //erbal 1. lxxill. (ed. 1633), Day-lilie. This 
plant bringeth forth in the morning his bud, which at noone 
1s full blowne, or spred abroad, and the same day in the 
evening it shuts itselfe. 1706 J. Garpiner tr. Rapin (1728) 
1. 48 (Jod.) Thou .. Shalt of daylily the fair name receive, 
Be ‘arden 3 June 391/3 Bouquets are of yellow Day Lily. 

Daylle, obs. north. form of Dou. 

Daylong (dé‘'lpn), a. and adv. [f. Day sd. + 
Lone: cf. “ife-long.] a. adj. Lasting all day. 
b. adv. All through the day. 

1855 Tennyson The Brook 53 His rh? Ag coos chirping. 
1870 Morris Zarthly Par. 1. 1. 187 He mounted..And 
daylong rode on from the north. /é#d. III. 1v. 195 As firm 
as rocks that stand The day-long beating of the sea, 

Dayly(e, obs. forms of Datty, DALLy. 

Day’-mare. [After ight-mare.] A condition 
similar to night-mare occurring during wakefulness. 
Also attrib. 

1737 M.Green Spleen 39 The day-mare Spleen, by whose 
false pleas Men prove mere suicides in ease. 1 LERIDGE 
Biog. Lit. (1872) 11. 744, 1 necessarily have day-mare dreams 
that something will prevent it. 1871 Sir T. Watson Princ. 
Physic (ed. 5) I. 737 A lady .. subject to these attacks of 
imperfect catalepsy : which have. . been called gee a 
but expressively, attacks of day-mare, 1889 LoweLt | 
Atlantic Monthly LXV. 147 Help me to tame these wild 
day-mares That sudden on me unawares. 

+ Day math, day’s math. 0és. A day's 
mowing; the extent of meadow-land mown by a 
man in one day; cf. DAY-WoRK 2. 

1 Will of R. Mayor in Lichfield Merc. (1889) 23 Aug. 
8/1 Alsoe all that parcell of meadow grounds, ae 
acre or dayes math of ground for her naturall life. And 
after her deceyse, the above three acres or daye’s workes of 
arrable land, and one day-math of meadow to m 
daughter, Ursula Mayor. 1804 Duncums Herefordsh, 
Gloss. (App.), Day's math, is. .about a statute acre; in other 
words, it is that centr ot grass usually pee a man 
in one day, for the ee of ing hay. Sir F. 
Patcrave Norm. §& Eng. IV. 61. 

+Day‘ment. Os. Also daiment. [f. Day v.? 
+-MENT.] Arbitration. 

1519 Horman Vulg. 204b, Wylt thou be tryed by the 
lawe: or by dayment. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Efigr. 

1867) 207 Many arbitterments without good dayment. 1580 

uPton Sivgila 117 To spende all..that money and put it 
ent at last. 5 
yn, v. Obs. Yate of Dawn, assimi- 
lated to day.] To dawn. So Day-ening (in 3 
daizen-, daien-, dain-, daning), dawning, dawn. 

cago Gen. & Ex.77 De dai eonag come eft agon.  /bid. 
1808 Til de ing. Jbid. 1810 daining. /éid. 3264 


Do ng Se daiening. xg1r5 Scot. Field Sone after 
dayned the daie. [bid 4a2"Then dayned the daie. 
» -@, obs. forms of Derren. , 


Pennant Zool. 1766) 330 These nets are known in 
most parts of Eng! by the name of day-nets or clap-nets. 

Daynous, var. of DeIcnous a. Ods. 

1, The diurnal or Hawk-owl, which 
seeks its prey in the day-time. 

1840 Macottiiveay Hist. Brit. Birds U1. 404 ene 
Funerea, the Hawk Day-owl. /did. 407 Syrnia Nyctea, 
the Snowy Day-owl. ‘ ’ 

Day'-peep. Peep of day; earliest dawn. 

{x Pabsore Goa/s At ve i pe, ala pipe = 
1606 Wily Beguiled in H Bosley IX. 250 She'll run 
out o’ ni: a-dancing, and come no more home till day- 
peep. las Mitton Animady, xiii. (1851) 2 € 


Gardener, that ever since the da wrought pain- 
fully. 1828 Scorr F. M1. P. yy Good night, or rather, 
good morrow, till day-peep. 


i -rawe, -rewe. Os. [f. Day +rawe, 
rewe, Kow.] the fast streak of day; the dawn. 
oi af fe opt 
vpn ven, 1400-50 Alecanter 392 Qwen pe day-raw 


DAY-RED. 


+ Day‘-red. Ods. The red of the break of 
day; the rosy dawn. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiv. 1 On anum reste-dx3e 
swype zer on dezered hig comun to bere byrgene. c 1275 
Doomsday 17 in O. E, Misc. 162 (Cotton MS.) Pe engles in 
be dai-red [Yesus MS. daye-rewe] blewed heore beme. 

Dayri, -rie, -ry, obs. forms of Dairy. 

+ Day’-rim. Ods. In 1 -rima, 2-3 -rime. [f. 
Day+Ru.] The ‘rim’ or border of the (coming) 
day ; the dawn. 

cx000 in Thorpe’s Hom. I. 442 (Bosw.) Hwet is Seos Se 
astihb swilce arisende deegrima? c1o0go Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 
175 Aurora, dezrima. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 167 Hwat 
is bis be astih30 alse dai rieme? axago Owd §- Night. 328 
Wone ich i-so arise verre Other dai-rim other dai-sterre. 

Day’-rule. Formerly, ‘A rule or order of 
court, permitting a prisoner in custody in the 
King’s Bench prison, etc. to go without the bounds 
of his prison for one day’ (Tomlins Law Dict.) ; 
also called day-writ. 

¢1750 W. Stroup Mem. 37, I effected an Escape from the 
Tipstaff’s Man, who had me out by a Day-rule. 1801 
Sporting a XVII. 139 An officer confined in the King’s 
Bench for debt, and a gentleman in the same situation in 
Newgate, having each obtained a day-rule, met, and 
quarrelled. 1808 Syp. SmirH Ws. (1859) I. 127/1 Absenting 
themselves from their benefices by a kind of day-rule, like 
prisoners in the King’s Bench, 1813 Lams Prod. to Cole- 
ridge’s Remorse, Could Quin come stalking from Elysian 
glades, Or Garrick get a day-rule from the shades. 

Day:-scho:lar. A pupil who attends a board- 
ing-school for daily instruction without boarding 
there; a day-boy (see Day sé. 24). 

1833 Hr. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. i. 5 The 
four elder ones, therefore, between four and nine years old, 
became day-scholars only. 185r Maynew Lond. Labour 
(ed. 2) I. 284 (Hoppe) He resumed his studies as a day- 
scholar at the Charterhouse. 

Day’-school. a. An elementary week-day 
school, as distinguished from a Sunday school; or 
one carried on in the day-time, as distinguished 
from an evening or night school. b. A school at 
which there is no provision for boarding pupils, as 
distinguished from a boarding school. 

a@x785 in Watrote Letters to Horace Mann (F. Hall). 
1816 J. Haicu (¢7t/e), A practical Treatise on Day Schools ; 
exhibiting their defects, and suggesting Hints for their Im- 

rovement. 1838 in Penny Cycl. XXI. 41 Headings: 

umber of Children of Working Classes attending..Dame 
Schools and common Day Schools. . Number Uneducated in 
Week-day Schools. /éid. 42 Number Attending Day or 
evening schools only .. Both yd or evening and Sunday 
schools. 1841 /éid. XXI. 42/1 They found many thousands 
who went to neither day nor Sunday schools. 1840 DickENs 
Old C. Shop viii, She maintained a very small day-school for 
young ladies of proportionate dimensions. 1889 R. Kiptinc 
Willie Winkie 39, t was decided that he should be sent to 
es day-school. ‘od. (title) The Girls’ Public Day-school 

mpany. 

Dayse, obs. form of Dazz. 

zs Om A visual defect in which the eyes 
see clearly only in the daylight. 

1834 Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 147 Day-sight is said to 
be endemic in some parts of France. 1851-60 in Mayne 
Expos. Lex. 

Daysman (dézm&n). [f. Day 5d, + Man. 
For sense 1, cf. Day v.2 2, and DayMENT.] 

1. An umpire or arbitrator ; a mediator. arch. 

1489 Plumpton Corr. 82 Sir, the dayesmen cannot agre 
us. 1535 CoverpaLe Yob ix. 33 Nether is there eny dayes 
man to reproue both the partes, or to laye his honde be- 
twixte us. 1573 Mew Custom t. ii.in Hazl. Dodsley I11. 14 1f 
neighbours were at variance, they ran not straight to law: 
Daysmen took up the matter, and cost them not a straw. 
1621 Burton Axat, Me/. Democr. to Rdr. (1657) 50 They had 
some common arbitrators, or dayesmen, in every towne, that 
made a friendly composition between man and man. 1681 
W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1639) 427 Adays man or um- 
ire, arbiter. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 15 Death, 
ike some able daysman, has laid his hand on the contending 

ies. 1844 Macautay Baréve Misc. Wks. 1860 II. 128 
purning out of their way the daysman who strives to take 
his stand between them. 

2. A worker by the day ; a day-labourer. 

@1639 Warp Seri, (1862) 105 (D.) He is a good day’s- 
man, or journeyman, or tasker. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), 
Days-man,a Labourer that works by the Day, as a Thresher, 
Hedger, etc. 1750 EL.is Country Housew. 16 (E. D. S.) 
A day’s-man, as we call them in Hertfordshire. 1868 
Busunett Serm. Living Subjects 111 We .. pile up what 
we think good acts on one another, as some day’s man 
might the cents of his wages, 

+38. Obs. nonce-uses. (See quots.) 

za98 Bacon Sacred Medit. (Arb) tog For we ought to 
be daies-men, and not to-morrowes men, considering the 
shortnesse of our time, 1658 RowLanp Mowu/fet’s Theat, Ins. 

95x Weare in Pindars but érémepor, Dai n, i.e. 
of a daies continuance. 

Hence + Day‘smanship, the office of a days- 
man; reconciliation. 

1649 Licutroor Battle w. Wasps Nest Wks. 1825 1. 407 

If you be so good a reconciler, I Lede «i at home: the 
: Evangelists need none of your day’s ip. 

Day’-sp . Daybreak, early dawn. Now 
‘chiefly poet. or fig. 

¢ 1300 XK, A/is. 4290 Day spryng is jolyf tide. 1382 Wycuir 

Hob xzxvil, 20 Whetines «- thot .. hast shambd’tp. tus ded 
spring his place. 1526-34 Tinpate Lwhe i. 78 The daye 
springe from an hye hath visited vs. SS Even Decades 
264 The day sprynge or dawnynge of the daye gyueth 
-a certeyne lyght before the rysinge of the soonne. 1672 . 


53 


Mitton Samson 11 The breath of Heav'n fresh-blowing, 
pure and sweet, With day-spring born. . 1791 Cowrer /diad 
1. 588 The day-spring’s daughter rosy palm’d. 1837 Hr. 
Martineau Soc. Amer, I, 181 The driver declared that he 
must wait for the day-spring, before he could proceed 
another step. 1875 Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 4 The 
thousand years and more which separated the Council of 
Nice from the dayspring of the Reformation. 

Lig, sew Also 3 -stern, 5 -sterne, -starne. 

1. The morning star. 

cx1o0o AEtrric Gen. xxxii. 26 Nu ged deg steorra up. 
c1o00 Sax. Leechd. 111. 270 Seo sunne & se mona & zfen 
steorra & deg steorra. a@xzgo [see Day-rim]. a@ 1300 
E, E. Psalter cix. 3 Bifore dai-stern gat I pe. 14.. Lypc. 
Teniple of Glas 1355 Fairest of sterres..o Venus..O my3ti 
goddes, daister after ny3t. 1483 Cath. Angl. 89 A Day- 
sterne, lucifer vel phosphoros. 1576 Fieminc Panofpl. 
Efist. 39 Early in the morning, so soone as the day starre 
appeared. 1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. vii. (ed. 2) 
157 Such men are as day-stars, breaking the night and 
hastening the dawn, 

2. The sun, as the orb of day. Aoet. 

1598 Sytvester Du Bartas u.ii. Babylon 577 His Heav'n- 
tuned harp, which shall resound While the bright day-star 
rides his glorious Round. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 168 So 
sinks the day-star in the ocean ed, And yet anon repairs 
his drooping head, And tricks his beams. 1789 Worpsw. 
Evening Walk 190 Sunk to a curve, the day-star lessens 
= Gives one bright glance, and drops behind the hill. 


1382 Wycuir 2 Pet. i. 19 Til the day bigynne for to 3iue 
lizt, and the day sterre springe in 3oure hertis. c1460 
Towneley Myst. 118 Haylle lytylle tyne mop [the infant 
Jesus] Of oure crede thou art crop: I wold drynk on thy 
cop, Lytylle day starne. z0 Dunpar Ballat of our 
Lady 26 Haile, bricht, be sicht, in hevyn on hicht! Haile, 


day sterne orientale! 1738 WesLtEy Hymns, ‘We lift our | 


Hearts’ i, We lift our Hearts to Thee, O Day-Star from on 
High! 1876 Bancrorr //ist. U.S. III. xiii. 466 The day- 
star of the American Union. : 

+ Day'-sun. Ods. The sun. rhetorical and jig. 

1571 GotpinG Calvin on Ps. xlix. 15 The chosen .. shall 
behold Christ the daysun. 1587 — De Mornay ix. 115 
God..commaunded the daysunne to be, and it was don. 
1577 Test. 12 Patriarchs (1604) 76 The day-sun of righteous- 
ness. 

Day’s-work (déz;wxik). (Also written as 
two words.) The work of a day, work done on or 
proper toaday. Also = Daywork 2 (obs.). 

1594 SHaks. Rich. J], u.i. 1 Now haue I donea good daies 
work, 1610 W. FoLkincHam Art of Survey 1. vil. 59 Foure 
square Pearches make a Daiesworke, 10 Daie-workes 
a Roode. 1640 G. H. Witt’s Recreations Hija, Your 
dayes work’s done, each morning as you rise. ¢1836 Grn. 
P. Tuomeson E£verc. (1842) IV. 395 Paying him for more 
day’s-works. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 10 The log- 
board, the contents of which are termed ‘the log’,—the 
working it off, ‘the day’s work’. 

Day-tale, daytal, datal (dét2il, dzitél, 
détt’l). [f. Day + Taxx reckoning, etc. In sense 1 
parallel to 2zghter-tale in Chaucer, etc., where the 
sense ‘ reckoning’ appears to pass into that of ‘ the 
time counted or reckoned’ (to night or to day). 
There appears to be no direct connexion between 
this and sense 2.] 

+1. Day-time. A daye tale: by day. Obs. 

1530 Patscr. 699/2 A ys tale he scoulketh in corners 
and a nyghtes he gothe a thevyng. 

2. The reckoning (of work, wages, etc.) by the 
day. Chiefly attrzd., reckoned, paid, or engaged 
by the day, as in day-tale hand, labour, wages, 
work, etc.; day-tale man, a day-labourer; day- 
tale pace, ‘a slow pace’ (Halliw.). 

1560 Summ. Certain Reasons in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 
‘zs Men that tooke dayetall wages. 164x Best Kari. Bhs. 

urtees) 45 It shall bee accounted but for halfe a day with 
those that worke with yow by daytaile. 1761 SterNE 7. 
Shandy (1770) III, 143 (D.) Holla! you chairman, here’s 
sixpence; do step into that bookseller’s shop, and call me 
a day-tall critick. 1770 Holmesfield Crt. Rolls in Shefield 
Gloss. Addenda, Being daytall-man to Mathias Webster. 
1788 W. Marsuatt Yorksh. Gloss. (E. D. S), Daitle (that) 
(that is, day-tale), adj. by the day ; as, ‘ daitle-man’, a day- 
labourer; ‘daitle-work ’, work done by the day. 1855 
Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Daytal, tale or reckoning by the 
day. 1888 W. Somerset Word-bk., Day-tale fellow, Day- 
tale man, a labourer hired by the day. Hence a term of 
reproach, meaning a lazy, slack workman whose only care 
is to have his wages, and to do as little as he can to earn 
them. i a Labour Commission Gloss., Datal hands, 
loos employed in cotton-mills at a fixed rate per week of 
56% hours. 

ay-taler, dataller (déitélex). Joca/. [f. 
prec. +-ER1.] A day-labourer, a workman en- 
gaged and paid by the day. 

1875 Lanc. Gloss., Dataller (S. Lanc.), Daytal-labourer 
(Furness), a day labourer, 1881 Manch. Guardian 29 Jan. 
7/7 Hurst, dataller at Wharton Hall  Collieries, ~ 1886 
Engineer 13 Aug. 138/1 The wages were paid to datallers 
for packing and putting the roads in repair. 

Day’-time. The time of daylight. 

1535 CoverDALE Ps. xxifiJ. 2, I crie in the daye tyme .. 
and in the night season, a@x626 Bacon Ess. Fame (Arb.) 
579 In the day time she sittith in a Watch Tower, and 
flyeth, most, by night. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. 11. 
vi. 18 Lights in the day-time were usual. NE Arct, 
Lxpl. Il. ix. 95 Implying that I never sleep’o' daytimes. 

ay-woman, dairy-woman: see Dry-. 

Day-work, day-work. [Cf. also Daxc.] 

+1. The work of a day; =Day’s work. Oés, or 
north. dial. 

1000 Cxdmon's Exod, 151 (Gr.) pat he pat degweorc 


DAZE. 


dreore zebohte. c1425 Wynroun Cron. vul. xvi. 224 Na 
man. .evyr herd, or saw befor..A Daywerk to pat Daywerk 
lyk. 1535 CoverDALE 1 Chron, xvii. [xvi.] 37 Euery daye 
his dayeworke. 1832 Specimens Yorkshire Dialect, Monny 
a daywark we ha’ wrought togither. 

+2. The amount of land that could be worked 
(ploughed, mown, etc.) ina day. Ods. 

[e1270 Merton Coll. Rec. No. 1257 (Essex) Sex Day- 
wercatas terrae meae.] 1318-19 A/S. (Sotheby's Sale 
Catal. 7 Apr. (1892) 22), Grant from Richard de Twysdenne 
..of a Garden of 13 Dayworks of Land in Gudhurst. 1492 
Will of Reede (Somerset Ho.), xj day werkes of land. 1534 
Inv, Sir L. Bagot in Lichfield Merc. (2689) 23 Aug. 8/1, 
xxviij day-warke of pea... xij daye-warke of barley .. xxiii) 
daye-warke of whet. 1641 Best Hari Bhs, (Surtees) 38 The 
South Wandell close, with its bottomes, is 8 dayworkes, or 
will serve one mower 8 dayes. 

3. Work done by the day and paid by daily 
wages ; day labour. 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 950 With Masons that had 
their day-work. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3786/4 Committed 
by one who does Day-work in Deptford and Woolwich 
Yards. 1751 Lapetye West. Br.7g All the workmanship 
. being suffered to be done by Day-Work. 1851 Ovid. 4 
Regul. R. Engineers § 16. 64'To state the weekly delivery 
of Materials and performance of Day-work. 

+ Day’-writ. Os. =Day-Rue. 

1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v., It is against law to grant 
liberty to prisoners in execution by other writs than day 
writs (or rules). 

Daze (déiz), v. Forms: 4-6 dase, (5 dayse, 
6-9 daise), 6- daze. [ME. dase-n, a. ON. *dasa, 
found in Icel. in the refl. dasa-sk to become weary 
and exhausted, e.g. from cold, Sw. dasa intr. to lie 
idle ; cf. Icel. dasz a lazy fellow. Sense 3 was pos- 
sibly the earliest in Eng. No cognate words appear 
in the other Teutonic langs.] 

I. trans. 1. To prostrate the mental faculties of 
(a person), as by a blow on the head, a violent 
shock, weariness, intoxicating drink, etc.; to be- 
numb or confuse the senses; to stun, stupefy. 

¢1325 [see Dazep 1]. a@ 1400-50 Alexander 3997 He was 
dased of be dint & half dede him semyd. ¢ 1400 Des¢r. 
Troy 7654 The deire of his dynt dasit hym but litle. a1563 
Bate Sed. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 443 These things daseth their 
wits, and amazeth their minds. ‘1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. vii. 
7 But shewd by outward signes that dread her sence did 
daze. 1669 DrypeN Tyrannic Love 1. ii, Poor human 
kind, all dazed in open day, Err after bliss, and blindly 
miss their way. 1825 Jamieson s.v., He daises himself 
with drink. 1848 Mrs. Gasxett AZ. Barton xxiii, Jane 
Wilton was (to use her own word, so expressive to a Lanca- 
shire ear) ‘dazed’. 1877 Mrs. Ovipnanr Makers Hor. i. 
26 A man dazed and bewildered by such a calamity. 

2. esp. To confound or bewilder (the vision) 
with excess of light or brilliance; to dazzle. Z7/. 


and fig. 


@1529 SKELTON Ph, Sfarowe 1103 She made me sore 
amased Vpon her when I gased..My eyne were so dased. 
1570 B. Gooce Pop. Kingd. 1. (1880) 11 They are but 
trumprye and deceytes, to daze the foolish eies. 1631 Hey- 
woop Fair Maid of West u. 1. Wks. 1874 II. 352 To daze 
all eyes that shall behold her state. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 
v.1r The sudden light Dazed me half-blind. 1864 SkEA1 
Uhiand’s Poents 152 Shall earthly splendour that strong 
eyesight daze? 

3. To benumb with cold; to blight or destroy 
with cold. orth. Eng. and Sc. 

1340 Hamrote Pr. Consc. 6647 For-pi pat pai..Brynned 
ay here in pe calde of malice, And ay was dased in charité. 
1513 Douctas xce7s vu. Prol. 88 The callour air .. Dasing 
the blude in euery creature. 1696 AZoney mastersall Things 
Ixx. 52 They [birds] stay not too long off, lest th’ Eggs be 
daz'd. 1876 Mid-Yorkshire Gloss., Déaze, to blight, or 
cause to pine from cold, as when vegetables are frost-nipped, 
or chickens die in the shell for want of warmth. 1891 
Atkinson Moorland 336 He assumed that it [a water rail] 
was dazed with cold. 

II. intr. +4. To be or become stupefied or 
bewildered ; to be benumbed with cold; to remain 
inactive or torpid. Odés. 

c1325 Z. £. Allit. P. C. 383 per he [the king of Nineveh] 
dased in pat duste, with droppande teres. c1460 7owneley 
Myst. 28, I dase and I dedir For ferd of that taylle. 14.. 
Kyng & Hermit 418 in Hazl. Z. P. P. 1. 29 Hopys thou, 
I wold for a mase Stond in the myre there, and dase Nye 
hand halve a dey? 1483 Cath, Angi. 90 To Dayse (A. 
Dase), vdi to be callde. 1529 More Sufflic. Soulys Wks. 
33/2 Whan his head first began to dase, of that evill 

rynke. 

+5. Of the eyes or vision: To be or become 
dazzled. Ods. 

c 1386 [see Daswen]. 1 More Dyaloge wv. Wks. 252/1 
whet law if it were aed in their ight: wold make al 
theyr eyen dase. 1635 QuarLes Amd. 1. i. (1718) 125 
Whose more than Eagle-eyes Can..gaze On glitt’ring beams 
of honour, and not daze. i : 

+b. To gaze stupidly or with bewildered vision 
(after, upon). Obs. 

1523 Sketton Gari. Laurel 641, I saw dyvers..Dasyng 
after dottrellis. 1535 CoverpaLe Deut. xxviii. 32 Thine 


_eyes shal dase vpon them all the daye longe. 


6. Of bread or meat: To become Dazep (sense 
3). Now Local. 

1769 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 54 Observe 
always to have a brisk clear fire, it will prevent your meat 
from dazing. 3 


7. ‘To wither; to become rotten or spoiled, 
from keeping, dampness, etc.’ (Jamieson), Sc. and 
north. Eng. : 


de 


DAZE. 


Daze (diz), sb. [f. Daze v.] 

1. A dazed condition: a. of the mental facul- 
ties ; b. A benumbed, deadened condition ; loss of 
virtue or freshness (orth. dial.). 

1825 Jamieson, 70 get a daise, to receive such injury as to 
become rotten or spoiled, applied to clothes, wood, etc. 
1855 Mrs. Gasket. North § S. xix, I'm all in a swound- 
ing daze today. 1870 Dickens EZ. Drood ii, A little time 
and a little water brought him out of his daze. 

2. Min. An old name for mica (from its glitter). 

1671 Phil. Trans, VI. 2103 Daze is a kind of glittering 
stone. .some softer, some harder, of different colours. 1715 
Tuoressy Leeds 467 A brown daze, full of the small sparks 
of the Mica. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., The word Daze 
takes in, with them [miners] every stone that is hard and 

littering. 1788 Cronstedt's Min. 106 Glimmer, Daze, or 


list. 

Dazed (déizd), gp/.a. [f. Dazev.+-ED. Cf. 
ON. dasad exhausted.] 

1. Benumbed in the mental faculties ; stupefied, 
bewildered. 

c1325 E. E. Allit. P. A. 1084, I stod as stylle as dased 
quayle. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iv. 56 He wes ban In 
hys Deyd bot a dasyd man. c1440 Promp. Parv. 114 
Dasyd, or be-dasyd, vertiginosus. 1501 Douctas Pal. Hon. 
1. xxvi, My daisit heid fordullit disselie. 1587 Turberv. 
Trag. T., etc. (1837) 317_It wil — my dazed sprites. 
1789 Burns 2nd Ep. to Davie iv, Whyles daez’t wi’ love, 
whyles daez’t wi’ drink. 1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q. 
Neighd. xxii. (1878) 408 She looked dazed, perhaps from the 
effects of her fall. — 

b. Dazzled with excess of light. 

1581 Marseck Bk. of Notes 153 If for a while you fixe 
your sight thereon, dimnesse & darknesse doe follow your 
dazed eies. 3502 Spenser /. Q. 1. viii. 21 As where th’ 
Almighties lightning brond does light, It dimmes the dazed 
eyen. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1. u. 512 His troubled 
eyes and dazed He lifted from the glory of that gold. 

2. Benumbed or deadened with cold. north. 

1513 DoucLas A2neis v. vii. 58 The dasyt bluid .. Walxis 
dolf and dull throw myne unweildyage. 1674 Ray WN. C. 
Words 14 I’ze dazed, I am very Ric 1811 WiLLan W. 
Riding Gloss., Dazed..benumbed with frost. 1873 Swade- 
dale Gloss., Dazzed, chilled. 

8. Spoiled in baking or roasting, by using a too 
strong or too slow heat. north. dial. 

1674 Ray N. C. Words, Dazed Bread, dough-baked. 
Dazed Meat, ill-roasted by reason of the badness of the 
fire. 1855 Rosinson IVhitby Gloss., A deazed loaf, the 
dough or te ill baked, or when the leaven or yeast has 
failed in its work. 1876 Mid-Yorkshire Gloss., Déazed 
— is overbaked outwardly, and not enough baked 
within, 

4. Applied to anything that has lost its freshness 
and strength, as to wood when it loses its proper 
colour and texture. Sc. and north. Eng. 

1825 JAMIESON, Daised wud, rotten wood. 1892 Specifica- 
tion (Durham), No dazed wood to be used. 

Dazedly (déi-zédli), adv. [-ty2.] Ina dazed 
way or manner; ‘+ inertly, torpidly (as from cold). 

13.. [see Dazepness]. 1886 Miss BrouGuton Dr. Cupid 
IIT. iv. 90 An idea dazedly flashes across her brain, 1888 
Chamb. Frnl. July 462 They looked dazedly at the judge. 

Da‘zedness. [-Nrss.] Dazed condition; +the 
state of being numbed or deadened with cold. 

1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4906 Thurgh fire pat sal swa 
brinnand be, Agayn be dasednes [4/S. Lausd. coldnes] of 
charite. 13.. 47S. 77. E. vii. fol. 24 Dasednes of hert als 
clerkes pruves Es when a man god dasedly loves, And 
slawly his luf in god settes. 1817 Blackw. Mag. l. 577 
What Dan [Chaucer] calls the dasedness of study. 

Dazel, -ell, -ile, obs. forms of DAzzix. 

Dazement (déi:zmént). vare. [mod, f. Daze 
v.+-MENT.] The state of being dazed. 

1855 Ropinson Whitby Gloss., Deeazement, a sensation of 
cold all over the body from checked perspiration. 1873 L. 
Wattace Fair God vu. iv. 457 The king relapsed into his 
dazement. 

Dazie} dazied, obs. forms of Datsy, -IED. 

+ Da‘ziness. Ols. rare—'. [See Dazy a. and 
-NESS.] Dazedness, dizziness. 

1554 Knox Godly Let. D iij, Oftentymes theyr posteritie 
are stryken with blindenes and dasynes of mynde. 

Dazing (dé'-zin), vd/. sb. [-1NG1.] The action 
of the verb Daze; benumbing, stupefaction, as a 
condition or influence. 

a siag Mons De quat. Noviss. Wks. 101 When the dasyng 
of death, shall kepe al swete slepe oute of their waterye eyes. 
1535 CoverDALe Deut, xxviii. 65 The Lorde shal geue the 
there a fearfull hert and dasynge of eyes. 1577 B. Goocr 
Heresbach's Husb. w. (2586) x9 It helpet inst the 
dasing, or giddinesse of the heade. | x olderness Gloss., 
Deeasins, a severe cold, especially in the head. 

+b. A disease of sheep; =Dazy sb. Obs. 

1799 Ess. Hight. Soc. III. 404 (Jam.) Daising or Vanquish. 

This disease. .is..most severe upon young sheep. 


; oh ged ppl.a- [-1nG2.] That dazes; +that 
is : 
er . E. Allit. P. B. 1538 Such a dasande drede dusched 


to his hert. 1531 Friru Yudgment upon Tracy Pref. (1829) 
245 de agg a godly zeal, or of a dasing brain, let other 
men judge, 


Dazle, obs. form of Dazzux. 

Dazy (dézi), a. rare. [f. Daze v. or sb. +-¥.] 
a. In a dazed condition. b. Chill, chilling, be- 
numbing with cold (d/a/.). 

x805 J AMIESON S. v., A daisie day, a cold raw day, without 
su e. 1880 BLackMore Evema vi. 30 With..a head 
still weak and dazy. : 


54 


+ Da‘zy, sb. Obs. rare—'. [f. Daze v. or from 
prec. adj.] The ‘gid’ or ‘sturdy’, a disease of 
sheep young cattle. 


1 B. Gooce Heresbach's Hush. (1586) 134 If your 
Bi e turne round, and have the Dasye, you shal. .feele 
upon his forehead; and you shall feele it with your 
thumbe. 

Dazzle (de-z'l), v. Forms: 5-7 dasel(l, 6 
dasill, -yll, dazile, dassel(1, 6-7 dazel(1, dasle, 
6-8 dazle, (7 daisle), 6- dazzle. [In 15-16th c. 
dasel, dasle, freq. and dim. of dase, DAzE v. (esp. in 
sense 2).] 

+1. intr. Of the eyes: To lose the faculty of dis- 
tinct and steady vision, esf. from gazing at too bright 
light. (Zt. and fig.) Obs. 

1481 Caxton Keynard (Arb.) 96 Parauenture his eyen 
daselyd as he loked from aboue doun. 1530 Patscr. 507/1, 
I dasyll, as ones eyes do for lokyng agaynst the sonne or 
for eyeng any thyng to moche, etc. 1581 G. Petrie tr. 
Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. i. (1586) 156 b, Her eyes dazell with 
the least beame thereof [the Sunne]. 1588 Suaxs. 77t. A. 
ul. ii, 85. 162x Fretcuer Pilgrim v. vi, Ped, Ha? doe I 
dazell?” Rod. Tis the faire Alinda. 1672 MXnvet Reh. 
Transp. \. 64 His Eyes dazled at the Precipice of his 
Stature. 

+2. To be or become mentally confused or stupe- 
fied; to become dizzy. Ods. 

1571 GotpinG Calvin on Ps. xxxiii. 5 How shamefully the 
most part of the world dazeleth at Gods righteousnesse. 
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1, ii, (1651) 95 Many... 
tremble at such sights, dazel, and are sick, if they look but 
down from an high place. ; 

3. trans. To overpower, confuse, or dim (the 
vision), esf. with excess of brightness. (Also fig.) 

1536 Starkey Let. to Cromwellin England (1878) p. xliii, 
Wyth a clere ye [=eye] not dasyllyd wyth the glyteryn of 
such thyngys asare present, 1563 Mirr. Mag., Fane Shore 
xiii, Doth not the sonne dasill the clearest eyes? 1626 Bacon 
Sylva § 276 If you come..out of the Dark into a Glaring 
Light, the eye is dazeled for atime. @1640 J. Batt Answ. 
to Can i. (1642) 88 You doe only raise a_dust to daisle the 
eye. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xxviii. 135 He tried to 
dazzle the eyes of the populace by the splendour of his 
equipage. 1857 Mrs. Cartyce Let? II. 334 The gas-light, 
whee dazzles my eyes. 

absol. 1752 Jouxson Rambler No. 207 ? 12 Light after 
a time ceases to dazzle. 

4. fig. To overpower or confound (the mental 
faculties), esp. with brilliant or showy qualities ; 
“to strike or surprise with splendour’ (J.). 

1 'T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. xiv. 43 The excellence of 
the nature of Angels hath so daselled the mindes of a 
1622 E. Ecton Compl. Sanct. Sinner (ed. 2) 94 ‘Their vnruly 
passions .. dazeling and dimming their iudg S. 1643 
J. M. Soveraigne Salve Pref., Rhetorick may dazle oad le 
men. 1711 Appison Sfect. No, 112 ?8 The ordinary People; 
who are so used to be dazzled with Riches. 1880 L. Srernen 
Pope iv. 97 Pope seems to have been dazzled by the amazing 
vivacity of the man. 

b. absol. 

1649 Mitton Eikon. xii. (1851) 434 If the whole Irishry of 
Rebels had feed some advocate to speak. os in 
their defence, he could have hardly dazl'd better. = 
GotpsM. 7'rav. 336 Thine are those charms that dazzle an 
endear. 1879 M. Arno.p Fr. Critic on Milton Mixed Ess. 
238 A style to dazzle, to gain admirers everywhere. 

5. To outshine, dim, or eclipse with a brighter 


light. Const. + down, out. rare. 
1643 Burroucnes £.xf. Hosea v. (1652) 343 They can see 
..into the beauty of his wayes, so that it dazeleth all the 


glory of the world in their eies. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 
60 It hath not ray's enough left, to dazle downe the height 
of my affections. 1858 Hawtnorne Jr. § Jt. Fruls. (1872) 
I. 47 This church was dazzled out of sight by the Cat! 

Dazzle (de‘z’'l), sb. [f. prec.] 

+1. Dazzled state or condition. Ods. 

162! Fettuam Resolves 1. xxvii. 47 We meet with 
carne Boas the puzzle of the soul, ‘and the dazle of the 
minds dim eyes. 

2. An act of dazzling; a brightness or glitter that 
dazzles the vision. 7 

16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. 1. x1. (1739) 177 This was but 
a dazzle, an Eclipse ensues. 1751 Pattock P. Wilkins 
a I. xiv. 144, I could see the lake very well by the 

of the water, 182x Locknart Valerius I. iv. 46 
Fatigued with the uniform flash and dazzle of the Medi- 
terranean waves. 1890 Spectator 13 Sept., One is taking 
precautions to avoid a draught or a dazzle. 


1654 » Toe Zootomia a Through whose red and 
white..the Glory of the Maker shineth with more Dazle 
than through any part of the Creation. 1846 Ruskin Mod. 
Paint. 1. 1.1. i. §5 Amidst the tumult and the dazzle of 
their busy life. 

Dazzled (dex'z’ld), Af/. a. ay: Dazz1E v.] 

1. Overpowered or confounded by too strong light 
or splendour, 

1581 J. Beit Haddon's Answ. Osor. 499 So forcible is the 
dazeled blindenes of selfe Love. a1628 F. Grevitte Sidney 
(1652) 89 [He] cleareth the daseled eyes of that army. 
ay — Poems, Hum. nbn 4 xvi, Those 
notions.. Which our fraile understanding doth retaine. 1812 
Worpsw. Sonn. ‘ Here pause, etc.', An accursed thing it is 
to On rous t ts with a dazzled eye, 1856 R. 
A. VAUGHAN Mystics (1860) IL. 1x. ii. 131 This indistinct 
and dazzled apprehension. ° 

2. Outshone or dimmed by a stro light. 

1576 Fremine 7% |. Epist. 292 As the telght aoe of 
the Sunne passe the dimme and dazeled light of the Moone. 
1833 Tennyson Fatima iv, My spirit. . Faints like a dazzled 
morning moon. 


DE. 


Dazzlement (dz'z’Imént).  [-men7.] 

Sy ge a cause of dazzling. 

i . Done Hist. Septuagint 55 (T.) It beat the 
sight with a oF beating iby Carte Fr. Rev. t. u. vi, 

darkness, broken bewildering dazzlements. 
1881 Srevenson Virg. Puerisgue 289 Many holes, drilled in 
the conical turret-roof of this vagabond Pharos, let up spouts 
of dazzlement into the bearer’s eyes. 

2. The fact or condition of peng dazzled. 

1840 CaRLyLe Heroes v. (4858) 324 The blinkard dazzle- 
ment and s\ ings to and fro of a man sent on an errand 
he is too weak for. 

. Obs. rare—". 
zledness.] Dazzled condition. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Ausw. Osor. 315 Overwhelmed 
with a perpetuall dazellnes of sight. 

Dazzler (dezlaz). [-rn.] 

1, One who dazzles: said e.g. of a ‘showy’ 
woman. Chiefly s/ang or collog. 

a 1800 Cowper tr. Andreini’s Adam v. ix. Wks. 1837 X. 
383 Thou Lordi ble. . Thou dazzler and obscurer of the 
sun! 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xxxvi, Mr. Lumbeyshook his 
head with great solemnity, as aoe to imply that he sup- 
posed she must have been rather a + 1889 Columbus 
(Ohio) Dispatch 27 Sept., [He] appears to be one of these 
dazzl H ded in dazzling two of the jury. 


v's Mag. 


[app. for daz- 


e 

2. A dazzling blow. s/ang. 

1883 Reape Many a Slip in Ha Dec. 132/1 
The carter..received a dazzler with the left, followed 1 by 
a heavy right-hander. 

Dazzling, v/.sb. [-1NG1.] The action of the 
verb DazzLeE ; the condition of being dazzled. 

1579 Lancuam Gard. Health (1633) 672 To take away all 
giddinesse and dasling of the head. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's 
Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 95 If your eies bee able to beholde it 
without dazeling: lin), ppl [ 24 

Dazzling (dezlin), A/a. [-1NG 2. 

+1. That is, or becomes, dazzled or dazed. 
(See Dazz.E v. 1, 2.) Obs. 

1571 Gopinc Calvin on Ps. \xviii. 4 His hoarce throt and 
dazeling eyes. a1g92 Greene A /phonsus (1861) 227 Do my 
dazzling eyes Deceive me? 1641 Mitton Reform. u. (1851) 
67 Unlesse God have smitten us..with a dazling giddinesse 
at noon day. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 3 This 
unexpected proposall put his Catholique majesty into such 
a dazling demur. 

2. That dazzles the eyes (esf. with brightness) ; 
bright to a degree that dazzles. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 216 b, Drivyng away 
the dazelyng darkenes of the ugly night. 1667 Mitton 
P. L.1. 564 A horrid Front Of dreadful length and dazling 
Arms. 1791 Cowrer Odyss. xxtv. 246 Clad in dazzling 
brass. 1841 Borrow Zincali I. ix. 1. 155 In hot countries, 
where the sun and moon are particniealy dazzling. 

3. fig. That dazzles the mind of the observer ; 
brilliant or splendid to a degree that dazzles. 

1749 Smottett Regicide 1. i, The fair one comes, In all the 
pride of dazzling charms array'd. 1839 De Quincey Recoll. 
Lakes Wks. 1862 11. 113 A neighbour! so dazzling in its 
intellectual pretensions. 

4. quasi-adv. 

1696 Tate & Brapy Ps. cxxxix. 6 Too dazling bright for 
mortal Eye! 1860 Tynpatt Glac.1. ii. 13 Its general surface 
was dazzling white. 

ly (devzlinli), adv. [-1¥*.] 

+1. Ina dazzled manner. (See prec. 1.) Ods. 

1610 Mirr. Mag., K. Bladud 56 [They] blinded are, and 
dazelingly they looke. 

2. Ina dazzling manner ; to a degree that dazzles. 

ax71x Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 Ill, 322 His 
Scales the Sun-beams dazzlingly reflect. 1807 THEY 
Espriella’'s Lett. 111. 99 Nothing was to be seen but what 
was ectly and dazzlingly white. 1879 Froupe Cesar x. 
118 ert success Bas dazzlingly rapid. 

De, obs. Sc. form of Dix v. 

De, a dialectal (Kentish), foreign, or infantile 
representation of THE. 

Sometimes in early MSS. a scribal error for de=he. 

| De. I. (dz) A Latin preposition, meaning 
‘down from, from, off, concerning’, occu’ in 
some Latin — more or less used in English. 
The chief of these are the following : 

1. de bene esse (Zaw), as of ‘well-being’, as 
being good, of conditional allowance for the 

resent, 

*To take or do any thing De dene esse, is to accept or allow 
it, as well done for present,. -but [on fuller examination] to 

Jlowed or disal! d, ding to the Merit or Well- 
being of the thing in its own nature’ (Blount, Law Dict. 


1670). 
Egerton Papers (Camden) 372 (Stanf,) Wherefore, de 
Phas Ihave ert soaalty pal be a warrant redy for his 


Matye* si re. 1656 Biount Glossogr. s.v., The Court 
ot re cepealtin : is aoe aaaen at the 
tions are to 10" or 
hearing, as the Judge shall see cause. 1885 Law Rep. 
Ch. Div. 290 (Stanf.) The Court ultimately determined 
that it should be read de bene esse. 
2, de congruo, of ConGRuIry. 


W. Pema.e tif (x When tell vs, 
that fat merits pa yt they imap them- 
selues in contradiction ; seeing to deserve de 
is not to deserve at all. 1841, [see Concrurty 5 
3. de facto, in fact, in reality, in actual existence, 
force, or possession, as a matter of fact. Very 
frequently opposed to de jure, Used also as an 
adj. =‘ actual, actually existing’, and then some- 
times so far engiicised as to be ed to its sb. 
x602 W. WATSON Quodlibets 73 (Stanf,) That the Pope 


DE. 


erred de facto in the reconciliation of the French King. 
1638 CuiLiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. ili. $30 He may doe it de 
facto, but de inure he cannot, 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 29 
Tt will appear, that de facto it is so, 1696 Growth Deism 12 
‘The Shiboleth of the Church now is King William’s de facto 
Title. 1765 Brackstone Comet. 1. ye That temporary 
allegiance, which was due to him as king de facto. 1870 
{see de jure, below]. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 70/t 
The acts of the de facto directors might. .bind the company. 

Hence + Defa‘cto-man (also defacto sd.), one 
who recognized William III as king de facto. 
+ Defa:ctoship, a de facto standing, position, or 
title. 

1696 Growth Deism 15 For these de facto-men, and the 
Jacobites, were but lately the same sort of People. did. 
13 And when the King had better Titles .. yet he must be 
made to pay .. Dr. S—— Sixteen Hundred Pounds a Year, 
for a Defactoshi~ only. 1710 Managers’ Pro & Con 39 
The one allows the Defactoship of the Queen. 

4, de fide, of faith, to be held as an article of 
faith. 

1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot.t. iii. § 5 Some [hold] that 
the Popes indirect Power over Princes in Temporalities is 
de Fide; Others the contrary. 

5. de jure, of right, by right, according to law. 
Nearly always opposed to de facto ; like that also 
(though less usually), treated as an adj.=‘legal’, 
and placed before the sb. 

61x Court §& Times Fas. I (1848) I. 136 (Stanf.) Done de 
Jacto, and not de jure. 1638 [see de facto above]. 1694 
Poet Buffoon'd, etc. 7 (Stanf.) Husband or Gallant, either 
way, De facto or De jure sway. 1837 Hr. Martineau 
Soc. Amer. II. 81 States that are de facto independent, 
without having anything to do with the question de jure. 
1870 LoweLt Study Wind, (1886) 74 It is a de sure, and 
not a de facto property that we have in it. 

6. de novo, anew, afresh, over again from the 
beginning. Rarely as adj.=‘new, fresh’, and 
prefixed to sb. 

1627 Court § Times Chas. I (1848) I. 304 (Stanf.) It is 
said they have opened de zovo Calais to our English trade. 
1817 Peri in Edin. Rev. XXX. 121 We cannot make a 
constitution de novo. 1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 143/2 
A de novo development of such texture, 1881 Med. Temp. 
Frnl. XLIX. 18 In which it is developed by circumstances 
de novo. 

7. de profundis, the first words of the Latin 
version of Psalm cxxx (cxxix) =‘ Out of the depths 
(have I cried)’; hence subst. a. the name of this 
psalm ; b. a psalm of penitence; c. a cry from 
the depths of sorrow, misery, or degradation. 

1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 18 Saying De profundis for 
me, for my fader and my moder. 1500-20 Kennepir Flyfing 
w, Dunbar 7 With De fprofundis fend the, and that 
failye. 1589 NasHE Pref. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 17 Let 
subiects for all their insolence, dedicate a De profundis 
euerie morning to the preseruation of their Cesar. 1890 
Open Court 10 Apr. 2204/2 (Stanf.) The Labor cry, the new 
De Profundis, the passionate psalm of the workers appeal- 
ing out of the depths of misery and degradation for more 
wages and less hours of daily toil. 

II. The French preposition de, @’ (da, anglicized 
dz, d#, dé, do), meaning ‘of, from’, occurring 
in names of places, as Ashby de la Zouch, in terri- 
torial titles, as Harl Grey de Welton, Lord Talbot de 
Malahide, avd in personal surnames, as De Lisle, 
D'Israeli, De Quincey; also, in French phrases 
more or less in English use, as cowp d’état, coup 
de main, etc. (see Coup); de haut en bas, from 
height to lowness, condescendingly as from a lofty 
position, with an air of affected superiority; de 
nouveau, anew, afresh; de rigueur, of strictness, 
(a matter) strictly or rigorously obligatory, according 
to strict etiquette ; de ¢rop, too much, (one) too 
many, in the way. 

1697 VANBRUGH Re/afse 1. ii, Not if you treat him de haut 
en bas, as you use todo. 1752 Cuesterr, Left. (1792) ILI. 
274, I know no company in which you are likely to be de 
trop. 1775 Giezon in Life §& Lett. (1869) 237 (Stanf.) The 
first chapter has been composed de xonxveax three times. 
1848 THackeray Van. Fair vi, ‘IT should only be de zrop’, 
said the Captain. 1849 — Pendennis xxix, All the young 
men go to Spratt’s after their balls. It is de rigueur, my 
dear. 1887 ///ust. Lond. News 5 Mar. 269/3, I am decidedly 
de trop this morning. JZod, On such occasions evening 
dress is de rigueur. 

De-, prefix. The Latin adverb and preposition, 
used in combination with verbs, and their deriva- 
tives. A large number of verbs so formed lived on 
in French as popular words, or were taken over 
into that language in earlier or later times as 
learned words, and thence came into English, as 
décrésc-tre, décreis-tre, decrease ; défend-tre, défend- 
re; defend 3 désidertre, désire-r, desire. In later 
times English verbs, with their derivative adjec- 
tives and substantives, as also participial adjectives 
and substantives without any verbs, have been 
adapted directly from Latin, or formed from Latin 
elements, without the intervention of French, The 
following are the chief uses in Lat. and Eng. 


I. As an etymological element. In the senses : 
1. Down, down from, down to: as défendére to hang 
down, Drrenp (DEPENDENT, -ENCE, etc.); dépdnére to lay 
down, Drrone, Derose; déprimére to press down, Dr- 
PRESS; déscendére to climb down, Descenp: dévorire to 
gulp down, Devour. So of English formation, Desreak. 


55 


2, Off, away, aside: as déclindre to turn aside, DECLINE ; 
dédiicére to \ead away, Devuce; défendére to ward off, 
DeFrEnD; défortdre to carry off, Deport; désigndre to 
mark off, Desicnate ; désistére to stand off, Desist. 

b. Away from oneself : as dé/égdre to make over, DELE- 
GATE; déprecari to pray away, DrPRECATE. 

3. Down to the bottom, completely; hence thoroughly, 
onand on, away ; also methodically, formally : as déclamare 
to shout away, Dectaim; déclarare to make quite clear, 
Decrare 3 déniidare to strip i bare, DENUDE; déplorare 
to weep as lost, DEPLORE 3 érelinguére to abandon com- 
pletely, Dereticr ; désfoliére to spoil utterly, Despoi. | 

b. To exhaustion, to the dregs: as décoguére to boil 
down or away, Decocr; déliguéscére to melt away, 
DELIQUESCE. i 

4. In a bad sense, so as to put down or subject to some 
indignity: as décifére to take in, Decrive; délitdéve to 
make game of, DeLupe; déridére to laugh to scorn, 
Derwe; détestdri to abominate, DeteEst. 

5. In late L., décompositus was used by the grammarians 
in the sense ‘ formed or derived from a compound (word) ’, 
passing later into that of ‘compounded over again, doubly 
or further compounded’; in this sense the word has in 
modern times been taken into chemistry, botany, etc. (see 
Decomposite, Decompounp), and the prefix has been 
similarly used in other words, as DecompLEx, DemIxTuRE. 

6. In Latin, d- had also the function of undoing or 
reversing the action of a verb, e.g. armdre to arm, de- 
armare to disarm, decorare to grace, dédecorare to disgrace, 
Jungére to join, déjungére to unyoke, vélare to veil, dé- 
velare to unveil, and of forming verbs of similar type from 
substantives, as deartudre to dismember, from avtus mem- 
ber, joint, décod/are to behead, from cod/um neck, décorticare 
to deprive of bark, from corticem bark, dé/lorare to rob of 
its flowers, from florem flower. A like notion was usually 
expressed in classical Latin by the prefix dis-; e.g. cingére 
to gird, discingére to ungird, convenire to agree, disconvenire 
to disagree, jungére to join, disjungére to disjoin, diffibulare 
to unclasp, di/évicare to uncorslet, discadceatus unshod. In 
late L., dés-, Romanic des-, became the favoured form; and 
although some L. words in d@- lived on, or were by scholars 
adopted into the Romanic langs., all new compounds were 
formed with des-, and many even of the Latin words in dé- 
were refashioned in Romanic with des-: thus L. dearmare, 
décarnare, décolirare, décorticare, dédignari, déformare, 
*décapitare, Romanic desarmare, descarnare, descorticare, 
desdegnare, de- and des-formare, de-, des-capitare, OF, des- 
armer, descharner, descorchier, desdaigner, de- and des- 
JSormer, de-, descapiter. In later F. des- became, first in 
speech, and finally in writing, dé, in which form it was 
identical with the dé of learned words from L. @-. In 
English, early words taken from OF, with des- retained this 
form (now altered back under Latin influence to @zs-), as in 
disarm, disband, disburse, discolour, disdain, disfrock, dis- 
join, disrobe; but later words have de-, which, although 
coming from F, dé-:—OF. des- :—L. dis-, is usually viewed 
and treated as identical with Latin dé-; e.g. debauch, te- 
bord, defy, defile, depeople, derange, develop. In some words 
both forms have passed into English, as dsburse, t deburse, 
discard, + decard, disconcert, + deconcert, disfrock, defrock. 
In French the prefix des-, dé-, has received an ever increasing 
extension as a privative, freely prefixed to verbs, as in 
débarasser, débrutaliser, décentraliser, déconstiper, etc., or 
used to form verbs of the same type from nouns, as ¢é- 
bangquer, débonder, déchaperonner, défroguer, etc. From 
the free adoption of these into English, de- has here also 
become a living privative element, freely prefixed to verbs 
(esp. in -zze, -ate, -/y), and forming verbs of a similar type 
from substantives or adjectives. Hence: 

II. As a living prefix, with privative force. 

1. Forming compound verbs (with their derivative 
sbs., adjs., etc.), having the sense of undoing the 
action of the simple verb, or of depriving (anything) 
of the thing or character therein expressed, e. g. de- 
acidify to undo or reverse the acidifying process, 
to take away the acid character, deprive (a thing) 
of its acid; hence de-acidified, fying, -fication ; 
de-anglicize to undo the anglicizing of, to divest of 
its English character, render no longer English. 
Some of these are formed by prefixing de- to the 
original verb, but others are more logically analysed 
as formed with de-+sb, or adj.+verbal suffix, the 
resulting form being the same in either case. In 
others, again, no corresponding simple verb is in 
use: €.2. decephalize, decerebrize, decolourize, de- 
Jibrinate. The older and more important of these 
words are given in their places as main words; 
e.g. DECHRISTIANIZE, DECOMPOSE, DEMAGNETIZE, 
DEMORALIZE, etc. Of others of less importance, 
of reggnt use, and of obvious meaning, examples, 
nearly all of the rgth c. (but decanonzze 1624, de- 
cardinalize 1645), here follow. 

(The hyphen is conveniently used when the de- comes 
before a vowel, and sometimes elsewhere to emphasize the 
occasional nature of the combination, or draw special 
attention to its composition ; otherwise it is not required.) 

De-act-dify (fied, fication), de-a'erate(-ed,-ation), 
de-a'lcoholize (-ed, -ization, -ist), de-a'lhalize (-ed), 
de-amvericanize, de-ana'thematize, de-a'nglicize 
(-ed), de-appetize (-ing), de-arse'nicize (-ing), 
de-a'spirate (-ing, -ation, -ator), debitu'menize 
(-ation), debrurtalize, debu'nnionizer, dece'sarize, 
deca'lvinize, deca‘nonize (-ation), deca‘mphorize, 
deca'rdinalize, deca'sualize (-ation), decathe dralize, 
dece'lticize, deche'micalize (-ation), decho-ralize, 
dect'ceronize, dect'tizenize, decla'ssicize, decla'ssify, 
decle'ricalize (-ation), decli*matize, deconca'tenate, 
deco'ncentrate (-ation), deconventionalize, deco'p- 
perize (-tzation), decu'ltivate, dedo-ggerelize, dedo-g- 
matize (-ed), de-educate, de-electrify, de-electrize 


DE-. 


(ation), defeu'dalize, defle.xionize (-ed, -ation), 
deformalize, defortify, deganglionate (-ed), de- 
generalize, degentilize (-ing), degermanize, de- 
heathenize, dehellenize (-ation), dehisto-rictze, 
de-tdealize (-ed, -ing, etc.), de-indivi-dualize 
(-ation), de-indivi-duate, de-indu'strialize, de-t'n- 
sularize, de-i'ntegrate, de-intelle ctualize (-ed, -ing), 
de-tta'lianize, deja nsenize, dejunkerize, dela'tinize 
(-ed, -ation), deli-beralize, deli:mitize, delo-calize, 
dema‘rtialize, deme-ntholize (-ed), deme'tallize, 
deme'tricize, dena'rcotize, denu‘cleate (-ed), de-o'7v- 
ganize (-ation), de-orte'ntalize, de-o'ssify (~fication), 
de-o'zonize (-ation), depa‘ganize, depantheonize (to 
put out of the pantheon), deparrtizanize, dephilo-- 
sophize, dephy'sicalize (to do away with physical 
development; -atéon), depierdmontize, depoli-ti- 
calize, depréorize (deprive of priority), deprofe's- 
stonalize, depro'testantize, deprovi'ncialize, dera‘b- 
binize (-ation), dereli-gionize (-ing), derwralize, 
desa'xonize, desemtticize, desentime ntalize (-e¢), 
deske'letonize (to rid of its skeleton), deso-cialize 
(-ation), desuperna'turalize, detara‘ntulize (-ation), 
detheorize (to divest of theories), devola‘tilize. 

1786 Phil. Trans. UXXVI. 134 *Deacidified nitrous air. 
1791 Edin. New Disp. 65 Calling them aerated and *de- 
aerated. 1878 Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 8) 1V. 240 A flask. . filled 
up with hot de-aerated water. 1830 West. Rev. XII. 38 
‘The dirt and the stagnation, and the de-aeration of the 
water. 1866 Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 11 Like blank cartridge 
or *dealcoholized wine. 1873 M. Cotiins Sgr. Silchester’s 
III. xxi. 236 It is a capital dealcoholist. 1877 Roberts 
Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) 1.74 The substance consists of *de- 
alkalized fibrin. 1884 TENNyson Becket v. ii. 176 Can the 
King *de-anathematise this York? 1883 F. Hatt in NV. 3% 
Nation XXXVII. 435/1 “Deanglicized Englishmen. 1890 
Sat. Rev. 15 Feb. 201/1 He even thinks we must de-anglicize 
our language. 1888 Academy 28 Jan. 56 A *de-appetising 
feast of dry bones. 1876 F. Douse Grimm’s L. App. F. 210 
‘They both *deaspirated the initial. /é¢d@. § 12. 24 Similar 
deaspirating movements both in Greek and Sanskrit. /d¢d. 
$ 22. 47, Lhave frequently observed..that when a group of 
deaspirators are talking together, an / is rarely heard at all. 
1879 WHITNEY Sanskrit Gram. Index 478/2 Deaspiration of 
aspirate mutes. 1862 Dana Jan. Geol. u. 410 The *de- 
bitumenization of the coal. 1891 Chicago Advance 30 Apr., 
Not merely to *‘ debrutalize’ the police force, but to purify 
and ennoble it. 1872 Dasenr 7hree to One I. 250 An 
eminent chiropodist and *debunnionizer. 1882 Pall MallG. 
20 May 3/2 The Republicans .. wish to decentralize, to 
*decesarize France. 1832 Soutury in Q. Rev. XLVIII. 
280 He did not talk of *decalvinizing certain of our pro- 
vinces, nor of dejansenizing certain corporations. 1891 
Chicago Advance 4 June, That this committee intended to 
de-Calvinize the church. 1624 I’. James in Adp. Ussher's 
Lett. (1686) 318 He hath.. inlarged his Book of Bochel’'s 
*Decanonization. c 1645 Howe tt Lett. (1650) I. 1. xix. 32 
He [the Cardinal of Guise] is but young, and they speak of 
a Bull that is to come from Rome to *decardinalize him. 
1892 T. H. Nunn in Toynbee Record 30 There is being 
effected .. a permanent *decasualization of labour at the 
Docks... The casual docker [must] lose his work. 188r 
Academy 28 May 388/3 Ireland is..more *decelticised now 
than the Scottish Highlands. 1878 Scribver's Mag. XVI. 
436/1 An aroma which no chemistry, or *dechemicalization 
is potent enough to retain. 1864 Reader 19 Mar. 374/1 
Handel meant his oratorios to be choral works. ‘This 
*dechoralizes them. 1873 H. A. J. Munro Lucret. 473 One 
of the numerous artifices of Tacitus to *deciceronise the 
style of his annals. 1890 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 27 May, 
Any..plan of *decitizenizing free Americans. 1848 CLoucH 
in Life & Lett, (1869) I. 125 The ‘jeunes filles’..were 
*declassicised by their use of parasols. 1865 Grote Plato 
II. xxiv. 246 Logical exposition proceeding by way of 
classifying and *declassifying. 1870 Sat. Rev. 12 Feb. 209/1 
Nor .. to allow its Bishops to *declericalize any of its 
priests and deacons by a penny post letter, /d7d., To 
accept .. a declericalization which was not degradation. 
1870 Lit. Churchman XVI. 451/2 Englishmen who have 
lived much abroad seem to become *de-climatised in this 
particular. 1862 Mrs. Speip Last Years (nd. 157 So the 
whole concatenation *deconcatenated. 1893 Sat. Rev. 25 
Mar, 333/1 The style of the great Mr. Smith .. greatly 
*deconventionalized. 1784 B. Frankwin in Anz. Reg. 1817 
Chron, 381 The odious mixture of pride and beggary.. that 
have half depopulated and *decultivated Spain. 1890 J. 
Davinson in Academy 15 Mar. 183/1 An example of the 
failure of high literary ability to *dedoggerelise it thoroughly. 
1878 Gurney Zertinm Quid (1887) I. 113 The joylessness 
and dulness of the ‘dereligionised’ (more truly *dedog- 
matised) life, 1887 Parish Problems 36 Poverty, care, 
work .. had slowly *deéducated the Man! 1881 Nature 
XXIV. 21 Method of *de-electrifying woollen yarn. 1824 
Mech, Mag. No. 61. 77 Might not steam be further *de- 
electrized? did., By following up the means which pro- 
duced it, namely, by de-electrization. 1871 Earte Phz/ol. 
Eng. Tongue § 445 * Deflectionized languages are said to be 
Analytic, 1880 Grant WuitE Every-Day Eng. 275 This 
*deformalizing of the English language. 187; P. THomson 
in Bible Students’ Aids 146 Antiochus "efortifies the 
Temple, 1885 Romanes Fedly-fish 180 The *deganglionated 
tissue, 1864 Reader 23 Apr. 511/3 It may be within the 
compass of critical science to *degeneralize portions of it 
into the suggesting particulars. 1839 New Monthly Mag. 
LVI. 454 The *degentilizing distinction above mentioned. 
1892 Pall Mail G. 7 Sept. 6/1 His theory is that Germany 
is being fast *de-Germanized. 1893 Chicago Advance 
31 Aug., The vast student-world was being *de-heathenized, 
1866 Pall Mail G. 8 Oct. 10 The urban population .. is 
either thoroughly *de-Hellenized, or is in the process of 
de-Hellenization. 1865 W. Kay Crisis Huffeldiana 27 
Their attempts to *de-historicize .. the oldest and most 
venerable document of human history. 1865 J. GrotE 
Treat. Mor. Ideas vii. (1876) 93 The notion. .was very early 
*de-idealized or positivized. 1890 W. S. Litty Right & 


DE-. 


: as exist among us, bear 
witness. .to the deidealising fee 1866 J. Gens Exan. 


Utilit, Philos. v. (2870) 94 Reason binds men together, and, — 
en 


individualizes them, /éid., The 
virtue is a gradual deindividualization of men. 

1880 FArRBarrn Stud. Life of Christ xv. (1881) 262 Men 
cian? 4 Fad 


in Standard 5 May, To *de-industrialize the population 
1882 Daily Te/. 2 June, In the face of the tunnel that is to 
“de-insularise us, 1861 Bacrnot Biog. Ess. (1881) 142 Years 
of acquiescing.. usually *de-intellectualise a parliamentary 
statesman before he comes to half his power. 1891 AnsotT 
Philomythus 129 The de-intell lising i e of this 
resolute faith in miracles. 1889 Pall Mali G. 16 Oct. 2/2 
The possibility of first *de-Italianising the Sacred sabe 


Tbid. 13 Nov. 2/2 The de-Italianizing of the Church. 1 
ly oaeegeny | [see decalvinizing], 1866 Pall Mall G. 
13 Aug. 3 Will a junker be allowed to *dejunkerize himself. 
1883 Spectator 27 Jan. 126 A certain amount of *delatinisa- 
tion and some simplification of phraseological structure. 
1835 Tazt's Mag. I1. 461 To *deliberalize the a of 
the youthful patriot. 1887 Gurney Tertium Quid II. 194 
Further liberalising and “delimitising the conditions of 
poetic appreciation, 1881 Ohio State Frnt. 29 Jan.,Worthless 
dementholized oil. 1754 Huxuam in PAil. Trans. XLVIII. 
861 Tin and copper .. are reduced to ashes, and *demetal- 
lized, 1883 A thenvum 28 July 104/2 That passage. .should 
.. be forthwith *demetricized and turned into honest prose. 
1829 Tocno, Duranp, etc. Mat. Med. The *denarcotized 
opium. 1892 Poutton & Surpcey tr. Weismann's Heredity 
II. 92 Boveri. .succeeded in rearing such *denucleated eggs 
by the introduction of spermatozoa. 1864 Homeward Mail 
17 Oct. 901 The tendency. .is to *de-orientalize the European 
mind in India, 188r Athengum 9 July 42/3 Glimpses of 
Anglo-Indian life before it became deOvlenin ized. 1874 W. 
A. Mitter Elem. Chem. (ed. 5) 11. § 341 Ozonized air is also 
“deozonized by transmission over cold manganese dioxide. 
1873 C. B. Fox Ozone § Antozone 95 The deozonisation of air 


1882 B. LeicHTon | 


passing over densely populated towns. 1847-8 De Quincey | 


Protestantism Wks. VIII. 156 Rome, it was found, could not 
be *depaganised. 1859 Lit, Churchman V.332/1 Among the 
slowly depaganized people. 1892 Harper's Mag. Sept. 
629/2 The bones of Mirabeau ..were carried in great pomp 
to the Pantheon in 1791; and were *depantheonized .. 
a year or two later. 1885 American 1X.198 To *departizanize 
the public service. 1862 Sat. Rev. XIII. 21/2 The work is 
resumed. .in the Italian language..as a means for *depied- 
montizing the author's style, 1872 Contemp. Rev. XX. 831 
To press philosophy into its service is to *dephilosophize it. 
1872 S. Butter Erewhon xi. 99 A time of universal *de- 
physicalisation would ensue. Sat. Rev, VIII. 573/2 
Dr, Cullen has really. . *de-politicalized the Irish priesthood. 
1866 De Morcan in Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889) 
TIT. 562 You cannot..let him take any licence which can 
damage or “de-priorise anything you choose to write on 
your own subject. 1884 S¢. Yames's Gaz. 22 Mar. 4/1 It 
helps to some extent. .to *‘deprofessionalize’ the English 
clergy. 1888 A/ission Herald (Boston) Oct. 442 To *depro- 
testantize the nation. 1861 O. W. Hotmes Pages fr. Old 
Vol. Life (1891) 10 The camp is *deprovincializing us very 
fast. 1865 LoweLt New Eng. Two Cent. Ago Prose Wks. 
1890 II, 12 Commerce is deprovincializing the minds of those 
engaged init. 1891 Review of Reviews 15 Sept. 267/1 The 
Jews must be *derabbinised and denationalised. /d7d., The 
derabbinisation is far advanced. 1878 *Dereligionized [see 
dedogmatized). W. H. Mattock /s Life Worth 
Living? 64 To de-religionize life, then, it is not enough to 
condemn creeds and to abolish prayers. /did. 136 The 
gradual de-religionizing of life. 1888 H. F. Lester //artas 
Maturin I. i. 7 The gradual process of *deruralizing his 
townlet, a Daily News 19 Nov. 2/5 He ho the 
Council would not entirely ‘de-ruralise’ the park. 
Lowe tt Poems, Cathedr., A brain *desaxonized. 1892 W. 
Watson in Bookman Oct. 23/1 Grotesque efforts to get 
inside the English character and *de-Semiticise his own. 
1882 TRAIL. Sterne vi. 88 That thoroughly *desentimental- 
ized ‘domestic interior’. 1886 Blackw. Mag. CXL. 747 She 
..*deskeletonized the wretched closet with unsparing dex- 
terity. 1889 //arfer's Mag. June 102/1 The way in which 
darkness isolates and *desocializes the citizen. 1883 Maups- 
Ley Body & Will 1. iii. 258 Demoralization following de- 
socialization. 1885 Pali Mall G. 3 Sept. 5/2 He will steep 
himself to the lips in falsehood sooner than allow it to be 
*desupernaturalized. 1836 7azt’s Mag. I11. 168 The singular. 
ceremony of ‘ *de-tarantulization’ (since a word must needs 
be coined), 1883 A. B. Epwarps in Academy 10 Nov. 309/2 
A “de-theorised American. 1868 Birm. ¥rnd. Sept. 12 The 
oil. .has been “devolatilised, so that all danger of explosion 
is annihila 

2. Less frequently verbs (and their derivatives) 
are formed a prefixing de- to a noun (cf. L. dé- 

Saimire, F. défroquer), with the sense: a. To de- 

prive, divest, free from, or rid of the thing in 

uestion: as DEBowEL (1375), deflesh, defoliage, 
deglaze, deglycerin, degrease, m, dehandle, de- 
horn (-er), delawn, + demast, demiracle, demonas- 
tery, + depark, deprotestant, detenant, + detruth ; 
depetticoated, dereligioned ppl. adjs. (Some of 
these have forms in D1s-, which is the usual prefix 
for words of this type.) b. To turn out of, dis- 
lodge or expel from, as decart, | deparliament 
(1648) ; Decourt, Denusk. 

1860 Russet Diary /ndia (1863) 1. 299, I completed m 
journey, and was safel Nasariet: at the door of a poeta 
tial house, 1837-40 ALIBURTON Clockm. 1, 76 He was 
teetotally “defi »a mere walking skeleton, 1831 Huisu 
Mem. Geo, 1 Yup The lovely rosebud fell *defoli e 
1879 Scribner's Mag. July 402 They. .completel aebaoge 
the trees. 1885 W. L. Carrenter Soap § Candles 151 The 

French process .. for *deglycerining neutral fats, 1887 
Encycl. Brit. XXI11, 62/2 The fibres .. being now *de- 
gummed, are og from each other. 1893 in Chicago 
Advance 9 Mar., She had broken the cover of a tureen, and 
*dehandled a china pitcher, 1888 Voice (N, Y.) 12 Jan. 2 
The champion of “dehorning cattle. /did, 23 Feb. 7 That 
enthusiastic champion of dehorning, ‘ Farmer Haaf,’ will 
soon issue a book: ‘ Every Man His own *Dehorner’, 1726 


56 


Amuerst Jerrg Fil. xxxix. 215 The ar" ought to be 
* Lae? 1666 Lond. —_ “~ 89/4 Very — damage, 
besides the “di : one 


'S one P 
Becket m. iii. 137 For as to the fish, they “de-miracled the 
miraculous drau; and might have sunk a navy. c 1808 
Byron Occas. Pieces xvi. note, Some..monk of abbey, 
about the time it was *demonasteried. a1700 B. E. Dict. 
Cant. Crew, Whet-stones-park, a Lane .. fam'd for a Nest 
of Wi now *de-park’d. 1648 J. Goopwin Right & 
Might 19 men * i nted by the Army, 1892 


DEACON, 


the almous of the Churche, to keip and distribute the same, 
as by the ministerie of the Kick she’ be capone Thay 
77 ag assist in judgement with the Ministeris 
1584 J. Metvitt Diary (1842) 183 Ther salba 
Me : an till attend upon the box .. to collect and 
tribut to the outward + ane uther to haiff the cair 
gar awin inward indigent or diseased yo te 


XIX. 5 . @ Hooxer Summe iscipl. 1. i, 
This Dezcon Fenny aha Treasurer of the Chancke 


Chicago Advance 14 Jan., She is not a Pp 

virago, who wants to inaugurate a general swapping of sex. 
1890 Guardian 5 Nov. 1745/2 The result..is, to use the 
phrase of The Times, the ‘*deprotestanting’ of the greater 
part of Ireland. 1835 Athenaeum 443 The demoralized, 

de-religioned invaders of a and property, 1883 
C. A. Cameron in Pali Mall G. 4 Dec. 1/2 Many unsani- 

houses have been *detenanted. 1647 Warp Sim. 
Cobler 67 He feares there is Truth in them: Could he 
*de-truth them all, he would defie them all. : 

3. By an extension of use dé- is sometimes pre- 
fixed to adjectives or substantives, as in DEBARE, 
DECHEERFUL, DEGALLANT, DEDoctor. (Cf. dzs- in 
discontent, dissatisfied, etc.) 

De-acidify, etc.: see Dr- II. 1. 

Deacon (di‘kan, -k’n), sd. Forms: a, 1 diacon, 
deacon; §. 2 diacne, diakne, 4 dyakne, //. 
diaknen ; y. 2 decne, 2-4 deakne, 3-5 dekne, 
(3 gen. pl. deknene) ; 3-6 deken (-in, -on, -un, 
-yn(e), 4 deeken (//. deeknys), decoun, 4-6 
decon, decane, 5-6 deaken, deakon, 6 diacon(e, 
deacone, 5- deacon. [ad. L. didconus, a. Gr. 
d:adkovos servant, waiting man, messenger, whence 
sfec. in Christian use, servant or minister of the 
church ; an order of ministers inthe church. ‘The 
OE. diacon (deacon) was a learned form immed. 


from the L,; beside it there appears to have been | 


a popular form *d:'cna (? from *diwtcna, *dewtcna), 
whence 12th c. decne, deakne, and later dékne, pl. 
deakn-en. From dékne, deakne, came deken, deaken, 
whence under L, influence deacon. The early ME. 
diacne, dyakne was perhaps immed. a. OF. diacne, 
dyacne (12th c.; later déacre) ; it might also re- 
present a semi-popular OE. *diacna: cf. O.N. 
djikn, djdkni. There were many intermediate forms 
of the word, from mixture of popular and learned 
types.] 

1. “cc/, The name of an order of ministers or 
officers in the Christian church. 


a. In Apostolic times. 

‘Their first appointment is traditionally held to be recorded 
in Acts vi. 1-6, where however the title dcaxovos does not 
occur, but only the cognate words évaxoveiy (‘serve’) and 
écaxovia (‘ ministration ir 

crooo AEtrric Homelies (Thorpe) I. 44 Da apostolas 
eon seofon diaconas .. diacona wes se forma 

tephanus. a1300 Cursor M. 19482 (Cott.) Steuen .. was 
o pe seuen dekens an. 1382 Wycur Pil. i. 1 Poul and 
Tymothe. .toalle the hooly men. .at Philippis, with bischopis 
and dekenes. ¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4442 Deken Steven 
be his name. _1§97 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. 419 Deacons were 
stewards of the Church, vnto whome at the first was com- 
mitted the distribution of Church-goods. 1611 Brace 1 77. 
ii. 8 Likewise must the deacons bee graue, not double 
tongued. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. Il. vi. 20 The 
deacons generally administered the el 1875 Man- 
ninG Mission H. Ghost xv. 417 The Apostles set apart 
a special order—the Sacred order of deacons—to be ministers 
of the charity of Jesus Christ to His poor. 

b. In Episcopal Churches, a member of the 
third order of the ministry, ranking below bishops 
and priests, and having the functions of assisting 
the priest in divine service, esp. in the celebration 
of the eucharist, and of visiting the sick, etc. 

¢g00 Beda’s Eccl. Hist. m. xiv. [xx.] (1891) 220 Honorius 
se wrcebiscop..zehalgode Thomam his diacon to biscope. 
1122 O. E. Chron., Se decne hwfde ongunnan bone godspel. 
c1175 Lamb, Hom. 81 Nucumed pes diakne. ¢ 1290 S. Eng. 
Leg. 1. 392/49 Preostes he made and deknene al-so. 1 
Ayenb, 190 He acsede at onen of his diaknen, ©1986 
Cnaucer Pars. 7, 2817 Folk that ben entred into ordre, as 
sub-dekin, or dekin, or prest. ¢ St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 

3 A preste sange at ane altere, And his a stode 
him nere. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1, 2221 Whan the 
Deken redde the holy gospell. 1647 N. Bacon Disg, Govt. 
Eng. 1. x. (1739) 18 Deacons. .attending upon the Prédbyters 
to bring the offerings to the Altar to read the Gospel, to 

and Administer the Lord’s Supper. a 1778 Gray 
. 292 He was 


Remarks yee Pi 
ordained a deacon in 1393, which is usually done in the 


‘oems Wks. 1843 


twenty-third of a man’s age. 1844 Lincarp Anglo- 
Sax. ch. (1858)1. iv. 133 The three orders of bi iests, 
- bishops, pri 


ec. In the Presbyterian m, one of an order of 
officers appointed to attend to the secular affairs of 
the congregation, as distinguished from the e/ders, 
whose province is the spiritual, (But they do not 
always exist, at least under this name, their func- 
tions, when they are absent, being performed by the 
elders.) d. In Congregational churches, one of 
a body of officers elected to advise and assist the 
pastor, distribute the elements at the communion, 
administer the charities of the church, and attend 
to its secular affairs, 
1560-1 Bk. Discipline viii. (heading), The Eyght Heid, 
tuiching the Electioun off Elderis ani is, etc... The 
office of the Deaconis. .is to receave the rentis, and gadder 


. . or * 
ey aga 
The there bee 


is ae spre pri s 
1657 W. Braprorp New Eng. Mem. 355 They had .. in 
our time four grave men for ruling elders, and three able and 
fodly men for deacons. 1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. v. vii, 

silos padi Wack afin Demeon is .. to fo the Treasury 
of the Church, and therewith to serve the Ta’ which the 
Church is to provide for, as the Lord’s Table, the Table of 
Go BEealeee aa oF eh a0 eve Je: Memey, So wee 
they are to di te in simplicity. 1884 R. W. Date 
C , Manual v. 116 In some i churches 
there are both ‘ elders’ and ‘ deacons’. 


e. fig. 

1642 izes Afol. Smect. xi. (1851) 311 Their office is 
to pray for others, and not to be the lip-working deacons 
of other mens appointed words. 1796 C. Burney Mem. 
Metastasio I11, 170 As an old Deacon of Apollo. 1887 
Mission. Herald (Boston) Apr. 153 It [the African Lakes 
Company] acts as deacon to t i ions th Ives, 
caring for them in secular things. 

+2. Applied to the Levites, as an order inferior 
to the priests in the Jewish Church: cf. BisHop 2. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. John i. 19 Iudeas sendon heora 
sacerdas and heora diaconas fram Ierusalem. ¢ 1178 Lamb. 
Hom. 79 Per com a prost bi be weie..and wende ford, 
comandiacne. ax Cursor M. 7909 Cott.) For luue of 
a deken wijf,—Mani man tint pair lijf (cf. Judges xx. 4). 
1388 Wycuir Num. ii. 51 The dekenes schulen do doun the 
tabernacle. cx Pecock Refr. 1. i. 280 To the dekenis 
were 3ouun xlviij citees. : 

3. In Scotland, the president of an incorporated 
‘craft’ or trade in any town; formerly ex officio 
a member of the town-council. 

Sc. Acts Fas. I (1597) $ 39 Ike Craft suld haue ane 
Deakos. I Wr3et Tour Scoir Thre Quest. xxxix. 
Wks. 1888 I. 102 As thair is in euery craft almaist ane 
decane [4/S. dekin]. @1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Hist. 
Yas. V Wks. (1711) 88 A deacon of the crafts is killed by the 
faction of the Hamiltons. 1771 SMottetr //umph. Cl. Wks. 
1806 VI. 260 The council [of the Edinburgh magistracy] is 
composed of deacons, one of whom is returned 
rotation, as r i 


uot. 
1813 J. Asur Masonic f matt (1825) 227 The Deacons 
are named and invested; upon which the new Master 


pe Ft § - and L. M., 
I appoint Deacons of thi ge. It r province 
to Soul page Master, and to assist the Wardens in the 
active duties of the lodge.’ _ 
+ 5. A set of eucharistic ts for a deacon. 
1534 in Peacock Engl. Ch. Furniture 201 A whole vest- 
Po ny Nepbebes wt deacon and subdeacon of white damaske. 
1 Trans. Essex Arch. Soc. N.S. 1.14 Two 
ob ways cawlyd deakyn and subdeaken. 158 Wills § 
Inv, N.C. 1, (Surtees 1835) 171 One Cope, a vestment and 
a deacon all. .of red silk. 


6. Combd., as deacon-seat (UV. S.), a long settee 


Deacon seat,» lumberer’s camp term. .why so called is diffi- 
cult to say..un 
round a_ pulpit, 
deacons. 


Dea‘con, v. U.S. collog. or a [f. prec. sb. 

1. vans. (usually ¢o deacon off). To read alou 

(a hymn) one or two lines at a time, the - 

tion SMART GU doch as ren’, ncoortiagt to 

the ear! Titan, of the Congregational Churches 
w. 


ing the 


of New England. Hence fig. 
T. Puritanism 232 The insult .. was given 
Psalm, a7 Lows Biglow P, Ser. 1. ix 
le WELL . Ser. 1 
deacon off the toon you want folks should 
— Heartsease & Rue 166 Well he knew to 
Goopricn ae I. 77 (Bartlett) 


chorister 
2. “ay pack (fruit, etc.) with the finest specimens 
on the top. 
1866 raves Biglow P. \ntrod., To deacon berries is to 


t the largest at 1868 Miss Avcorr Lit, Women xi. 
fFarmer), e pF. [were] not as ripe as they looked, 
having been skilfully 


b. In various uses conn unfair or dishonest 


dealing or the like (cf. 40 doctor): see quots. 
1860 Bartiett Dict. Amer., To deacon a caif is to knock 
it in the head as soon as it is born. 


it 
Farmer Americanisms, To deacon 
gradually extending one’s fences or bout 


a es 


DEACONESS. 


57 


‘highway or other common property. 1889 Century Ditt., | Muman Lat. Chr. (1864) Il, 11. vii. 117 The churches and 


Deacon, to sophisticate ; adulterate ; ‘doctor’: as, to deacon 
wine or other liquor. s/ang. 

Dea:conal a., Deaconate sd., forms sometimes 
used instead of the more correct DIACONAL, -ATE. 

1890 Chicago Advance 7 Aug., Clerical hospitality .. 
deaconal hospitality. 1882-3 Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 
III. 2256 The subdeaconate [developed] from the deaconatt: 
1892 Daily News 2 Feb. 5/7 After a meeting of the 
deaconate. 

Deaconess (dzkonés). Forms: 6 decon-, 
diacon-, 6-7 deaconisse, 7 diacon-, deacon- 
ness, 8- deaconess. [f. DEAcoN + -xsS, formed 
after med.L. d#acontssa, fem. of didconus: cf. F. 
diaconisse (14-18th c.), now usually dzaconesse.] 

1, Zecl. a. The name of an order of women in 
the early church, ‘who appear to have undertaken 
duties in reference to their own sex analogous to 
those performed by the deacons among men’ (Dzc¢. 
Chr. Antig.). }. Also, in some modern churches, 
of an order of women having functions parallel to 
those of the deacons in the same, or intermediate 
between these and those of the women in sense 2. 
a 1536 TinDALE Whs. 250 (R.) Phebe the deaconisse of the 
church of Cenchris. 1561 ‘I. Norton Calvin's Just. 1v. 89 
There were created deaconisses, not to delite God with 
singing and wyth mumbling not vnderstanded .. but that 
they should execute publike ministration towarde the poore. 
1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. 7.1 Tim. iii. 11 The Deacon- 
nesses that then were appointed to some Care of Women, 
which Men were less fit for. 1709 J. JoHnson Clergymz. 
Vade M. u. 100 The office of Deaconesses was .. especially 
to attend women in the Baptistery, undressing and dressing 
them again. 1847 Masxet, Mon, Rit. III. p. xcv. note, 
The deaconesses of the primitive ages .. their functions 
being .. limited to the performance of mere secular duties, 
such as visiting the sick, and catechizing women. 1885 
Catholic Dict. s. v., [Deaconesses] were employed in assist- 
ing at the baptism of women..In the tenth century the 
office was extinct in the West..At Constantinople the office 
survived till 1190. 

1617 F. Jounson Plea xx. 317 To the Elders. .that rule 
the Church ; and tothe Deacons and Deaconesses that serve 
and minister therein. @ 1657 W. Braprorp New Eng. Mem. 
355 They had..one ancient widow for a deaconess..She 
usually sat..in the congregation with a little birchen rod 
in her hand, and kept little children in great awe from dis- 
turbing the congregation. She did frequently visit the sick 
and weak, and especially women. 1892 Bk. Ch. of Scotd. 33 
Women who being able to make Christian work the chief 
object of their lives. .having passed through two years’ train- 
ing and service in connection with our Homes in Edinburgh 
or Glasgow, may apply to be set apart as Deaconesses by 
their kirk-sessions and presbyteries, and will then..be ex- 
pected to go to any part of Scotland where they may be 
required, there to work under the supervision of minister 
and kirk-session, 1893 British Weekly 30 Nov. 88/2 Miss 
Hargreave was a deaconess of Carr’s Lane Church, and has 
been of great service in many ways. 

2. The name taken by certain Protestant orders 
of women with aims similar to those of Sisters 
of Mercy. 

1867 Lavy Hersert Cradle L. iii. 102 The Kaiserswerth 
Deaconesses .. have a school, hospital, and dispensary near 
the English Protestant Church. 1871 Daily News 4 Nov., 
‘The Deaconesses’ Institute prides itself upon being ‘evan- 
gelically Protestant’. 1 Whitaker’s Almanack 276 
General Hospitals—{No. ot Deasntee Institution and 
‘Training Hospital, Tottenham. 

3. nonce-use. A deacon’s wife. 

1858 O. W. Hotes Aut. Breakf.-t. (1883) 221 Deacon and 
deaconess dropped away. 

4. Comb. 

1884 Pall Mail G. 10 Sept. 2/1 A deaconess-house was 
opened. 1893 Ch. 7%mes 27 Jan. 81/1 The deaconess-widows, 
and the widows of the higher clergy. 

+ Dea‘conhead. 0Ods. [-Hmap.] = next. 

c 1400 Aol, Loli, 32 Pe minstri of presthed, & of dekunhed. 
1656 Burgh Rec. in J, Irving Hist, Dumbartonshire (1860) 
534 The crafts of the said burgh sould enjoy the lyke fredome 
priviledge and deaconhead. 

Deaconhood (dzkenhud). [-noon.] 

1. The office of a deacon: see DEAcon 50. 1 b, 3. 

1382 Wyciir 1 Zi. Prol., The ordynaunce of byschop- 
hood, and of the dekenehood. ¢1449 Prcock Refr. m1. ix. 
3g Dekenhode was profitable to his clergie. 

. A body of deacons collectively. 

In mod, Dicts. 

Deaconry (dzkonri). [-ry.] 

ra ors. of a deacon ; deaconship, diaconate. 

14 ‘at. ngl.95 A Dekenry, diaconatus. 1560-1 Bh. 
Dischpline Vey Priole e of Univ., Tutorie, Curatorie, 
Deaconrie, or ony siclike. 1642 Sir E, Dertne SJ. on 
Relig. 133 S. Paul calleth his Apostleship but a Deaconry. 
1824 G. Cuatmers Caledonia III1.v.§ 7.474 Anact annulling 
that incorporation for having a deaconry. 

b. A body of deacons collectively, 

a 1679 T. Goopwin Ws. IV. tv. 188 (R.) The deacons of 
all those churches should make up a common deaconry. 

2. &.C.Ch, The chapel and charitable institution 
of a ‘region’ of Rome, in charge of a cardinal or 
regionary deacon. 

1670 G. H. Hist, Cardinals 1. m. 67 The Chapels that 
were ordinarily united to these Religious houses, being 
called Deaconries. Jéid, 1. 11. 68 Deaconries, where the 
Cardinals had their Residence, and..were call’d Cardinal 
Deacons, because of their residence in the Deaconry. 1751 
Cuampers Cycl., Deaconry is also a name still reserved to 
the chapels and oratories in Rome, under the direction of 
the several deacons, in their respective regions ..To the 
deaconries were annexed a sort of hospitals .. governed 
by me eastrid deacons, called cardinal deacons. 1855 

ol. . 


monasteries, the hospitals, deaconries or ecclesiastical 
boards for the poor. 


Deaconship (dikonfip). [-sutr.] The office 
or position of a deacon. 

186s Harpinc in Jewel Def Afol. (1611) 85 The Priest- 
hood & Deaconship. 1610 J. Rosinson Fst. Separ. Church 
Wks. II. 364 The office of deacon-ship which Christ hath 
left by his apostles for the collection and distribution of 
the Church’s alms. 1615 Wapswortu in Bedell Zeé?. 13 
Priesthood is giuen by the deliuerie of the Patena .. and o' 
the Chalice .. Deaconship by the deliuerie of the booke of 
the Gospels. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 400 That 
none shall be..ordained an Elder, till after he had well 
acquitted himself in the Deaconship. 1849-53 Rock Ch. of 
Fathers WV. 51 In due time the Subdeacon was raised to the 
Deaconship. 


+ Dea‘ction. Os. [ad. L. deactiin-em: Dr- 


1656 Brount Glossogr., Deaction, a finishing or perfecting. 

Dead (ded), a. (sd., adv.) Forms: 1-3 déad, 
2-3 deed, (3 deed), 2-7 ded, (4 deede, deid, 
did, Ayenb. dyad, dyead), 4-6 deed, dede, 5 
deyde, dyde, 6 dedde, 6-7 deade, (5- Sc. deid), 
6- dead. [A common Teut. adj.; orig. pple. : 
OE. déad = OFris. déd (WFris., NFris. dead), 
OS. déd, MDu. dé¢(@), Du. dood, MLG. abt, da, 
LG. déd, OHG., MHG. éé¢ (Ger. dodt, tot), ON. 
daudr (Sw., Da. did), Goth. daups:—OTeut. 
*dau-do-z, pre-Teut. *dhau-to's, pa. pple. from vb. 
stem dau- (pre-Teut. dhaz-), preserved in ON, deyja 
(:—dau-jan) and in OS. déian, OHS. touwen, to 
Dir. The suffix is = L. -¢zs, Gr. -76s, Skr. -¢as. 

The suffixal d in OTeut. *daudo-z, Eng. dead (pre-Teut. 
*dhauto's),as opposed to the J in daupu-z, death (pre-Teut. 
*dhau'tus), shows the influence of the position of the stress 
accent on the Teutonic representation of original breath 
mutes, as set forth in Verner’s Law.] : 

A. adj. T. Literally, and in senses directly con- 
nected. 
* Said of things that have been alive. 

1. That has ceased to live; deprived of life; in 
that state in which the vital functions and powers 
have come to an end, and are incapable of being 
restored: a. of men and animals. 

Beowulf 939 Pa wes Heregar dead min yldra maz. 
c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. ix. 24 Nys bys maden dead. 1154 
O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135 Pat ile 3ar warth be 
king ded. cx1205 Lay. 19229 Hire lauerd wes ded [c 1275 
dead]. a 1300 Cursor M, 6130 (Cott.) Na hus..Pat par ne 
was ded [v.rrv. deed, dede] man ligand. a1400 Poenzs 
Vernon MS. 534 Better is a quik and an hol hounde pen 
aded lyon. 1458 in Turner Dom. Archit. 111. 41 To drawe 
a deed body out of alake. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. §& Fd. v. i. 
6, I dreamt my Lady came and found me dead. 1606 — 
Tr. & Cr. 1. v. 251 Where thou wilt hit me dead. 1660 
Bovte Mew Exp. Phys. Mech. Digress. 360 The Bird .. 
within about a minute more would be stark dead. 1722 DE 
For Col. Fack (1840) 233 He was shot dead. 1795 Burke 
Corr. IV. 239 Dead men, in their written opinions, are 
heard with patience. 1850 Tennyson /7 Mem. Ixxiv. 1 As 
sometimes in a dead man’s face..A likeness..Comes out— 
to some one of his race. 

b. of plants. 

1382 Wyciir ¥ude 12 Heruest trees with outen fruyt, 
twies deede, drawun up bi the roote, xr52r Fisuer Wks, 
(1876) 326 As a deed stoke, a tree withouten lyfe. 1855 TEN- 
nyson Mand 1. iii. 14, 1..found The shining daffodil dead. 

¢e. of parts or organs of animals or plants. 

c1000 AEirric [uterrog. Sigewulf (Anglia VII. 30), Mid 
Sam deadum fellum, 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvt. 
xciv. (1495) 586 Salte fretyth awaye deed flessh. 1484 Caxton 
E sop v. x, He had kytte awey the dede braunches fro the 
tre. 156x Epen Arte Nazig. Pref. P ij b, Vnsensate by 
reason of dead fleshe. 1643 J. Sreer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. vil. 
27 If..the skin be burnt dead. 2707 C. B. Trye in Med. 
Commun, 11. 154 The absorbents will remove very little of 
dead bone. 182r SHELLEY Adonais xvi, ‘The young Spring 
.. threw down Her kindling buds, as if she Autumn were, 
Or they dead leaves. p 

d. Specifically used of that which has died of 
itself, instead of being killed or cut down when 
alive, asin dead shell (of a mollusc), dead wood, etc. 

1877 Excycl. Brit. V1. 539 Dead shells appear in some 
cases to be thus employed, but. .in most... the [Hermit] crab 
‘kills the mollusk in order to secure its shell. 

"| Zo be dead was anciently used in the sense ‘ to 
die’, and later in that of ‘to have died’; also= 
‘ To die at the hands of anyone, to be put to death, 
be killed’. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 24 Gif hwa dead syz, & bearn 
nzbbe. ¢ 1205 Lay. 196 After ba feourder 3ere he was dead. 
c1340 Cursor M. 14269 (Trin.) Alle that lyuen & trowen 
me Deed shul pei neuer be. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro/, 148 Soore 
wepte she if any of hem were deed. 1388 Wyctir 2 Cor. v. 
14 If oon died for alle, thanne alle weren deed [X. V. then 
alldied]. [1557 Tot¢edl’s Misc. (Arb.) 169, I will be dead at 
once To do my’ Lady good.] 

1382 Wycuir Row. v. 15 If thorw the gilt of oone many 
ben deed [améOavov : Rhem. & R. V. ‘many died’). 1592 
Suaxs. Rom. § Ful. v. iii. 210 Alas my liege, my wife is 
dead to night. 1605 — Learv. iii, 292 Your eldest Daughters 
haue fore-done themselues, And desperately are dead. ¢ 1676 
Lapy Cuawortn in r2th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm, App. v. 
34 Lord Chesterfields lady is dead in her child-bed month. 
1784 Jounson Left. (1788) II. 373 Macbean, after three days 
of illness, is dead of a suppression of urine. 1803 Beppors 
fsgtia xi. 75 note, I heard .. that he was dead of scarlet 

‘ever. 

1300 Cursor M. 6688 (Cott.) Qua smites his thain wit 
a wand, And he be deid vnder his hand, ¢1375 Sc. Leg. 


DEAD. 


Saints, Andreas. For one be cors bath ded pai were. 1460 
Caprcrave Chron. 265 Condempned to be ded as a tretoure. 
©1477 aaa epg 1o How many men and..women haue 
ben slayn and ded by thy poysons, 

2. Bereft of sensation or vitality; benumbed, 
insensible. a. Of parts of the body. (Also fig.) 

See also DEap Patsy. 

clare pene R. 112 A lutel ihurt i pen eie derued more 
pen ded a muchel ide hele: vor bet fleschs is deadure bere. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.1W. i. (1495) 77 Thynges that 
be deed and dystroyed wyth colde. 1590 SPENSER 7. Q. 
I, vii. 21 The messenger of so unhappie newes Would faine 
have dyde: dead was his hart within, 1607 TorseLt Ser- 
pents (1658) 593 They take Serpents in the Winter time, when 
they grow dead and stiffe through cold. 1806 CoLrrincr 
in Flagg Life W. Allston (1893) 77 My head felt like another 
man’s head; so dead was it [etc.]. 1893 J. Hurciinson 
Archives Surg. No. 12 111.311 The liability to ‘dead fingers’. 
Jbid. 312 This pair of fingers on each hand had been liable 
for at least two years to become ‘ dead’ in the morning after 
washing. oa Re ! ; 

b. Of persons: Deathlike,insensible, ina swoon, 
Obs. Also of sleep, a faint. 

€ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 127 She..Was wery, and 
thus the ded slepe Filon hir. 1598 FLorio, Séfove, a dead 
swoune, deepe sleepe or drousie sicknes. 1610 Suaxs, 
Temp. v.i. 230 We were dead of sleepe. 1610 Barroucn 
Physick (1639) 1. xx. 30 Coma..may be called in English 
dead sleep. 1666-7 Perys Diary 7 Feb. (D.), He was fallen 
down all along upon the ground dead..he did presently 
come to himself. 1752 Fietpinc Amelia m1. ix. tb, We 
there beheld the most shocking sight in the world, Miss 

3ath lying dead on the floor..Miss Bath was at length 
recovered. Zod. She fell on the floor in a dead faint. 

3. As good as dead in respect Zo (something) ; 
insensible /o. 

1340 Ayenb. 240 He ssel by dyead to be wordle, and libbe 
to god. 1601 ? Marston Pasguil & Kath. 1. 307 You are 
dead to natiue pleasures life. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. 
Eng. 1. lix. (1739) 114 He that is in a Monastery is dead to 
all worldly affairs. 1726 SHELVocKE Voy. round World 224 
Obstinate fellows who were dead to reason. 1813 SHELLEY 
Q. Mab v. 33 Sensual, and vile; Dead to all love. 1874 
Green Short Hist. viii. 550 Charles was equally dead to 
the moderation and to the wisdom of this great Act of 
Settlement. 

b. Hence, As good as dead, in some particular 
respect or capacity; sfec. in Law, cut off from civil 
rights and so legally reckoned as dead. 

1710 Pore Let. to Cromwell 17 May, Dead in a_poetical 
Capacity, asa damn’d Author; and dead in a civil Capacity, 
as auseless Member of the Common-wealth. 1828 WensTE 
Dead. .\n daw, cut off from the rights of a citizen .. < 
banished or becoming a monk is civilly dead. Blackstone. 

4. Destitute of spiritual life or energy. 

1382 Wycur fh, il. 1 Whanne 3e weren deede in 30ure 
giltis and synnes. 1534 ‘TinpaLe 1 7%. v. 6 She that 
liveth in pleasure, is deed even yet alive. 1651 Hoxzrs 
Leviath. 1. viii. 35 To have no Desire, isto be Dead. 1668 
Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 206 How often are men the 
deader for all endeavours to quicken them, 1793 Cowper 
Stanzas Yearly Bill of Mortality i, He lives, who lives to 
God alone, And all are dead beside, 1884 J. PARKER 
Afpost. Life U1. 111 There is no deader thing unburied. .in 
many places, than the professing Church of Christ. 

5. fig. Of things (practices, feelings, etc.) : No 
longer in existence, or in use; extinct, obsolete, 
perished, past ; esf. of languages, no longer spoken. 
(See also DEAD LETTER.) 

1sgt Suaks. Zzvo Gent. u. vi. 28 My Loue to her is dead. 
1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1. 71 These..are dead 
tenets and opinions. 1712 App1son Sfect. No. 285 P 5 The 
Works of Ancient Authors, which are written in dead 
Languages. 1847 Tennyson Princ. vit. 327 My doubts are 
dead. 1861 Beresr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. 167 The 
Japse from vernacular to dead tongue services. 1884 J. 
Suarman Hist. Swearing vi. 102 Seeking to revive this 
dead past. ; 

** Said of things naturally without life. 

6. Not endowed with life; inanimate. 

1430 &. E, Wills (1882) 85 Alle necessarijs longynge to 
housold of dede store. 1534 More Ox the Passion Wks. 
1274/1 He made it haue a beyng, as hathe the dead stone. 
1636 SANDERSON Sevmz. II. 57 Shooting sometimes at a 
dead mark. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 519 P6 There are 
some living creatures which are raised but, just above dead 
matter, 1857 H. Mitter Jest. Rocks iii. 156 The long 
ascending line from dead matter toman. | 

b. Applied rhetorically, emphasizing the inert 
and negative qualities of mere matter. 

(In the quot. there are also associations with branch ITI.) 

1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 23 And. pus bese rome renneris 
beren be kyngys gold out of oure lond, and bryngen a3en 
deed leed, and heresie and symonye and goddis curse. 

** Transferred applications of the literal senses. 

7. Composed of dead plants, or of dead wood, as 


a dead hedge or fence (opposed to guickset). 

1863 Hytt Art Garden. (1593) 7 A-.rude inclosure. .made 
of..bushes hauing no life, which wee name a dead hedge. 
1686 PLor Staffordsh. 357 For a dead-fence, none. . better 
..than those heathy-turf walls. 1728 Doucras in Phid. 
Trans. XXXV. 567 The Fences consist of what they call 
dead Hedges, or Hurdles to keep out .. Cattle. 1805 
Forsytu Beauties Scotl. 1. 524 A dead hedge is generally 
placed on the top of the bank. 

8. Of, pertaining or relating to a dead person, 
animal, plant, etc., or to some one’s death. 

(In some cases not easily separated from the attributive 
use in B. 6, or from dead, northern form of Dratu.) 

1580 Sipney Arcadia u. (1674) 130 (D.) The tomb. . which 
they caused to be made for them with. .notable workman- 
ship, to preserve their dead lives. 1595 Suaks. Joh v. vii. 
65 You breath these dead newes in as dead an eare. 1662 
R. Matuew Uni, Alch. § 89. 140 His water [was] i to 

* 


DEAD. 


two Doctors, whose judgement was that it was a dead water ; 
and..he would die that night. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's 
Gardening 173 It is more difficult to make Plants grow in 
Gaps and di ayo bas a gery 1791 W. MBE 
Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) IV. 182 It is what the medical 
people call a dead case..a consultation. .to discover, the dis- 
order of, an am ient died. "1846 J. Baxrex Libr. 

ract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 399 (Hop-growing) When a i 
—— in a garden .. the following is the quickest mode of 
replacing it, 

+9. Causing death, deadly, mortal. Ods. 

cx400 Destr. Troy 1339 In a ded hate. bid, 11017 
? hh come .. Pat doshty to dere with a dede stroke. 
1606 Choice, Chance, §c. (1881) 72 Beares a dead wound but 
asa little stripe. x6xx SHaks. Wint. T. 1. iv. 445 Thou 
Churle, for this time (Though full of our displeasure) yet we 
free thee From the dead blow of it. 

10. Devoid of ‘life’ or living organisms ; hence, 
barren, infertile, yielding nothing. (Cf. B. 4.) 


1577 B. Gooce Hereshach’s Hush. (1586) 1. 21 b (marg.), 
a the land be as riche as may be, yet yf you goe any 
deapth, you shall have it barren [#zargin Dead mould]. 


1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk & Selv. 186 You cannot dig many 
spades in mold or growthsom earth, before you come at 
adead soyl. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Gij b, Dead [is] 
where there is no Ore.. Deads are the Gear or Work got in 
such dead Places. 1806 Forsytu Beauties Scotl. 1V. 57 
A rich friable clay on a bottom of dead sand, 1820 ScorEssy 
Acc. Arct. Reg. 11. 211 The parallel of 77° to 774° is con- 
sidered a ‘dead latitude’ by the fishers, but occasionally it 
affords whales. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-ground 
(Mining), a body of non-metalliferous rock dividing a vein, 
which passes on each side of it. 

II. Deprived of or wanting some ‘vital’ or 
characteristic physical quality. 

1l. Without fire, flame, or glow; extinguished, 
extinct. (Opposed to /ve, as in dive coal.) 

1340 Ayend, 205 A quic col berninde ope ane hyeape of 
dyade coles. 1530 PatsGRr. 212/2 Deed cole, charbon. 1611 
Suaks, Wint. 7. v. i. 68 Starres, Starres, And all eyes else, 
dead coales, 1639 Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. v. § 46 
Wood burning is culled a fire-brand; being quenched.. 
a dead brand. 1833 H. Coteripce Sonn, xviii, The crack- 
ling embers on the hearth are dead. 1884 ///ust. Lond. 
News 19 Jan. 66/3 Putting his dead cigar in his mouth and 
puffing as though it had been alight. 

12. Having lost its active quality or virtue. 

a. Of drink, etc.: That has lost its sharpness, 
taste, or flavour; flat, vapid, insipid. ? Ods. 

1552 Hu.oet, Dead, pale, or vinewed to be, as wyne 
which hath lost his verdure, azuceo. 1580 Barer Alv. D 
132 Dead and vnsauorie salt. 1596 NasHE Sa Walden 
115 A cup of dead beere, that had stood pawling by him in 
a pot three dayes. 1607 TorseLt /our-/. Beasts (1673) 430 
If .. it [Musk] lose the savour and be dead. 1664 Evetyn 
Pomona Advt., It will not ferment at all, and then the Cider 
will be dead, flat, and soure. 1747 WESLEY Prim. Physic 
(1765) 68 Dip a soft Rag in dead small Beer. 

b. Dead lime: opposed to guich-lime; dead 
steam, exhausted steam. 

1831 Mech. Mag. XVI. 79 In certain circumstances 
carbonate of lime is changed by burning into lime which 
does not heat with water, and which is called dead lime. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead steam, 

13. Without colour or brightness: +a. Of the 
countenance, etc.: Deadly pale, wan. Oés. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Doctor's T. 209 Witha face deed as aisshen 
colde. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. xx. 91 b, With pale and 
dead visage. 1500-20 Dunsar Tua Maritt Wemen 420, 
I drup with a ded luke, in my dule habit. 1567 R. Eowarps 
Damon & Pithias in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 98 Why is thy 
colour so dead? 1604 SHaxs. Oth. 1. iii. 177 Honest Iago, 
that lookes dead with greeuing. 1668 Drypen Maiden 
Queen 11. i, The dead colour of her face. 

b. Of colour, etc.: Without brightness, dull, 
lustreless. (See also DEAD COLOUR.) 

1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 483 Such like flowers, but of 
a sadder or deader colour. 1720 De For Caft, Singleton 
viii. (1840) 138 A thick moss .. of a blackish dead colour, 
1805-1 AR. Jameson Char. Min. 59 The principal colours are 
divided into two series. .bright colours, [and] dead colours ; 
red, green, blue, and yellow belong to the first ; and white, 
grey, black, and brown, to the second. 1855 Brimtey Ess. 
58 The deader green of ordinary foliage. 1874 Knicut 
Dict. Mech., Dead-gold, the unburnished surface of gold or 
gold-leaf..Parts of objects are frequently left unburnished 
asa foil to the.. burnished portions. 1883 J. MiLLiIncTon 
Are we to read backwards? 93 Paper of a brown or yellow 
tint, with a dead or non-reflecting surface. 

14. Of sound: Without resonance, dull, muffled, 

1530 Lv. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 289 The lady 
called them again, but..very softely, for it was with a dead 
voice. 1580 Baret A/v. D 131 Ones voice. .neither dead in 
sowne, nor ouer shrill. 1660 Boyte New Exp. Phys. Mech, 
xxvii. 209 The Bell seem'd to sound more dead, 1675 Woop 
Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) vee gd They _— so cast, severall 
were found to be ugly dead bells. 1712 F. T. Shorthand 5 
The sound of D S| like a flat dead T. 1783 BiaGpen in 
Phil. Trans, LXXII1. 332 A solid. , metallic mass. . yielding 
a dull dead sound like that metal [lead]. 1847 Mrs. Surr- 
woop Fairchild Fam. 111. viii. 110 A dead sound of some 
heavy, though soft body, in the. .act of falling. 

15. Not fulfilling the normal and ostensible pur- 
pose, (See also dead-door (in D. 2), DEAD-EYE, 
DEAD-LIGUT I, DEAD WELL 2.) 

1806 Forsytn Beauties Scotl. 1V. 381 A .. bridge .. over 
the water of Bervie, the dead arches of which have been 
fitted up as a town-hall. 1 Kuicut Dict. Mech., Dead 

.-2. False; as of imitation doors and windows, put in as 
architectural devices to balance parts. 
III. Without animation, vigour, or activity ; 
inactive, quiet, dull. 

16. Without vigour or animation, lifeless. 

axooo Seafarer 65 (Bosw.) Me hatran sind Dryhtnes 


58 


dreamas Sonne Sis deade lif. cxg22 Hoccteve Learn to Die 
714 Where is your help now, where is your chiertee ?..al as 
deed is as a stoon ? Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 691/1 
true seruants we must as on 
work with a dead hand (as the prouerb is). H. 
RENCE Comm. Angells 167 Patience without is 
deadest thing in the ¢ 1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Mem. 
Col. Hutchinson 24 Or can be ered from a bare dead 
description. a17x9 Appison (J.), How cold and dead does 
a prayer appear..when it is not heightened by solemnity of 
phrase from the sacred writi seg Exrsaon Z, . Traits, 
Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 22 Active intellect and Sead con- 


servatism. , ‘ 
17. Without active force or practical effect ; in- 
effectual, inoperative. (See also DEAD LETTER 1.) 
¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 22 3if it be ded feip as fendis han. 
c1400 Afol. Loll. 3 Seynt Jam seip, Feib wib outun werkis 
is deed. 1548 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. iii. 133 Good 
and necessarye ordres ..with-out the which, all lawes and 
ordenaunces..ar butt baryn, ded, and vayne. 1647 N. 
Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xvi, Nor was this a dead word ; 
for the le had formerly a trick of deposing their Kings. 
1842 7.50 Newsan Par. Serm. V1. xii. 179 To have been 
so earnest for a dead ordinance. : i 
18. Characterized by absence of physical activity, 
motion, or sound; profoundly quiet or still. 


(CEB. 4,) 

1548 Hat Chron. 107 In the dedde tyme of the night. 
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 12 It was in_the 
deadist time of winter. 1603 SHaxs. Meas. for M. Ww. ii. 67 
Tis now dead midnight. a@a16r0 Knottes (J.), They came 
in the dead winter to Sy 1863 KinGcLAKE Crimea 
(1876) I. xiv. 294 The dead hours of the night. 

19. Without alertness or briskness, inert. 

1884 St, Fames's Gaz. 4 Apr. 6/1 His recovery [in rowing] 
is dead, but his work strong. | : 

20. Without commercial, social, or intellectual 
activity; inactive, dull. (Of places, seasons, trade, 
etc.). 

1581 Ricne Farewell (Shaks. Soc.) 11 Traffique is so dead 
by meanes of thes foraine broiles, that [etc.]. 1615 STEPHENS 
Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 193 As much leasure .. in the most busie 
Terme, as in the deadest Vacation. 1665 Surv. AZ. Nether. 
25 Complaints against dead Trade. 1676 Tempe Let. to 
Sir W. Godolphin Wks. 1731 11. 395 This Place is now as 
dead as I have seen any great Town. 1758 JouNnson /dler 
No. 55 P 10 Some [publishers] never had known such a dead 
time. 1774 Foote Cozeners 1. Wks. 1799 II. 161 The town 
is thin, and business begins to growdead. 1883 Froupe in 
Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. 1. 59 It was the dead season; but 
there were a few persons still in London. : 

b. Of capital or stock: Lying commercially 
inactive or unemployed, unproductive. 

1570-1 GresHam Let, 7 Mar. in Burgon Life II. 421 There 
is yet in the Towre xxv or xxx M @7. in Spannyshe monney ; 
which is great pity should lye there dead and put to no use. 
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 325 They will not keep 
it by them as a dead stocke .. they must imploy it in trade. 
1691 Locke Lower. Interest 7 That so none of the money.. 
may lie dead. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4419/6 A considerable 
quantity of Arms and Ammunition, which were the dead 
Stock of the African Company. 1729 Frankuin Ess. Wks. 
(1840) II. 267 The money, which otherwise would have lain 
dead in their hands, is made to circulate again. 1813 Sir S. 
Romitty in Examiner 15 Feb. 101/2 A fund, out of which 
part of this salary was proposed to be paid, was the Dead 
Fund, amounting to pled 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India 
I. 1. iii. 44 The dead stock, as it is technically called. 

ce. Of goods: Lying unsold, unsaleable, for 
which there is no market. 

1669-70 Drypen Tyrannic Love v.i, And all your goods 
lie dead upon your hands. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Came in 
Arb. Garner I. 390 And now caps were become a very d 
commodity. 1879 Hisss in Cassedl's Techn. Educ. 1V. 263/2 
A large quantity of finished articles lying as dead stock in 
the market. 

21. Of a ball in a game: Inactive (for the time 
being), out of play. 

1658 Ossorn Adv. Son (1673) 104 A_place that seems 
equally inclined to different a gegen I would advise to 
count it as Bowlers do, for dead to the t understand- 
ing. 1828 Boy's Own Bk, Diversions (ed. 2) 55 If any player 
shall stop the ball intentionally. .it shall then be considered 
dead. 1844 Laws of Cricket xxxiii, If any fieldsman ae 4 
the ball with his hat, the ball shall be considered di 
1868 W. J. WuitmorE Croguet Tact. 9 The term ‘dead’ 
ball is borrowed from cricket, and means the ball which, 
having just been played, has nothing actively to do for one 
turn. 

IV. Without motion (relatively or absolutely), 

22. Of water, air, etc.: Without motion or cur- 
rent; still, standing. (See also DEAD WATER.) 

@ 1000 Gnomica ys Gr.) Deop deada waz di bid 
lengest. a1 ELAND Codlect, (1774) I1. 546 The Water of 
Forth Banokesburne, a deade depe Water. 1601 
Hottanp Pliny (1634) I. 55 The dead and slow riuer Araris, 
1653 WALTON Angler 91 As he [the Trout] growes stronger, he 

$ from the dead, still water, into the s| streames and 

vel. 1861 Hucues Jom Brown at Oxf. xxxvi, (1889) 

357 wind had fallen dead. 1867 Baker Nile Trib, i. 

‘The banks. .had evidently been overflowed during floods, 
but at the present time the river was dead. 

b. Mining. Having no current of air, unventi- 


lated. 
1867 W. W. Smitu Coal § Coal-mining 27 It would leave 
the mass of the openings inside of the working ‘ bords’ dead 


to 
We 
the 


or stagnant. 
23. Said of of machines or apparatus which 
do not themselves rotate or move. (Cf. also dead- 


rope (in D, 2), DEAD-CENTRE 2, -LINE I.) 

a Grecory Mechanics 11. 474 One of these 
called the dead pulley is fixed to the axis and turns with it. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead .. 3. Motionless; as the 
dead spindle of a lathe, which does not rotate. 6 


DEAD. 


24, Characterized by complete and cessa~ 
tion of motion, action, or speech: as @ dead stop, a 


mee Wine heat Cool 
ARD . Cobler 19 Others ., are at a dead stand. 
syne bra Tr Shandy Vit, xliii, My mule made a dead 
point. 77s Map. D’Arsiay nowy Diary, Lett. Dr. 
Burney +» My poor book—at a dead stop now. 1853 
Lytton My Novel 1. xi, There was a dead _ pause. 

The answer spoilt his joke, and 


Dickens Gt. Expect. ix, 
brought him toa 

b. Characterized by abrupt sto of motion 
without recoil ; cf DEAD BEAT sh. 

1761 Hirst in Phil. Trans. LII. 396 It did not by J in 
“Actembir for faadiar Longttade np (The tempat of oe 

or. ng LONE: 29 m 
watches is a dead one. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead. 
stroke hammer, a power-hammer which delivers its blow 
without being affected by the recoil of the shaft. 

V. Unrelieved, unbroken ; absolute ; complete ; 
utmost. 

These senses arise out of several of the preceding (cf. 18, 
22, 24)3 ‘and in some cases there is a blending of two oF 
more notions. 

25. Of a wall, level, etc.: Unbroken, unrelieved 
by breaks or interruptions ; absolutely uniform and 
continuous. 

In dead level there is at once_the sense ‘ unreli un- 
varied, monotonous’, and that of ‘ having no fall or inclina- 
tion in any direction, absolute’. 

1597 Bacon Coulers Good & Evil (Arb.) 143 It seemeth .. 
a shorter distance .. if it be all dead and continued, then if 
it haue trees or buildings or any other markes whereby the 
eye may deuide it. 1670 DrypEen Cong. Granada ui, M1. i, 
By the dead wall, you, Abdelmelech, wind. 1742 Pork 
Dunc. w. 268 We bring to one dead level every mind. 1860 
Tynpatt Glac, 1. xxil. 153, I become more weary upon 
a dead level .. than on a steep mountain side. 1868 YaTEs 
Rock Ahead u. i, On every hoarding and dead-wall. a 
Lowett Democr. 19 To reduce all mankind to a dead lev. 
of mediocrity. 

+b. Flat. Obs. 

1782 Specif. Conway's Patent No. 1310. 2 The oven..has 

a se or A hank . 


a ‘dead calm’..not a breath of wind stirring. 1847 Tenny- 
son Princ, 1. 371 We heard In the dead Brush the papers 
that she held Rustle. 

27. Said of the lowest or stillest state of the tide, 
as dead low water, dead neap: cf. 31. 

1561 [see DEAD-wATER 3]. 1589 GREENE Mena, eo 

¢ Ocean at his deadest ebbe returns to a full tide. 

‘APT. SmitH Accid. Yung. Seamen 17 A lowe water, a dead 
lowewater. a@x164r Spetman Hist, Sacrilege (1608) 285 
Such a dead Neipe (as they call it) as no Man living was 
known to have seen the like, the Sea fell so far back from the 
Land at Hunstanton. 1679 Drypen 7roil. § Cr. Pref., At 
high-flood of passion, even in the dead ehh, and lowest 
water-mark of the scene. 1724 Lond. Gaz. No, 6290/3 At dead 
Low-Water pn a a 1809 Rennect in Phil. 
Trans. XCIX. 403 note, . accident at dead 

crossed it at 


neaps, 1857 LivincstonE 7¥av. xxxii. 669, 
dead low-water, 

28. In dead pull, dead strain, applied to the ab- 
solute or utmost exertion of strength to move an 
inert or resisting body; sheer; also to such tension 
exerted without producing motion, See also DEap- 
LIFT, 

1812-6 Prayrair Nat. Phil. (1819) I. 109 The weight 
which the animal exerting itself to find or ata dead 

42, is just able to overcome. 185§ Bain Senses & nt. u. 
li. § 12 This power taking the form of movement as 
tinct from dead strain. Wueweit Hist, Induct, Sc. 


by the exertion of the utmost strength 
of each. 1890 B. L. Gitpersteeve “ss. 4 Stud. 64 There 
are things that must be learned by a dead pull. 

29. Pressing with its full or unrelieved weight 
like an re bg wie body: see a ee: 
1781 CowPEer ut royalty, nobility, and stat 
Pgh a dead, ooapeetactaing weight. % 
80. Said of a charge, expense, loss: Unrelieved, 
absolute, complete, utter; also, of outlay, Unpro- 
ductive, without returns. Dead rent: a fixed rent 
which remains as a constant and unvarying charge 

upon a mining concession, etc. 
a. Burnet Own Time (1825) I. 452 The intrinsic 
ith of the nation was very i when it could answer 


such a dead charge. 1757 Jos. Harris Coins 79 The defi- 

i upon the coins is so much di to the public. 
2796 BK Regic. Peace i, Wks. VIII, 152 It required 
a expence of three Millions 4 Scorr Let. 


25 May in Lockhart, I am a sharer to extent of 
on a railroad which will. .double the rent... but is 
lay in the mean time. Consett Rur. Rides (1885) II. 
colonies are a dead expense to bal go, onal 
bitty of thei ever been as use, wo jJ.W. 
in Law Times Rep. VIII. 428/2 royalty reserved 
was fourpence a ton..the dead rent was 30/, a year. 
81. Absolute, complete, entire, thorough, down- 


1805 Scorr Let. to F. Ballantyne 
12 Apr., This is a dead secret. 1878 Print, Trades Frni. 


DEAD. 


No. 25. 15 We know to a dead certainty that [etc.]. 1883 
Century Mag. XXV. 372/2, 1 am in dead earnest. 

b. Quite certain, sure, unerring. (Cf. dead cer- 
tainty in prec. sense.) Dead shot, one whose aim 
is certain death ; so dead on the bird. 

@ 1592 GREENE Fas. /V, u1.i. 203/1, I am dead at a pocket 
sir..I can..picke a purse as soone as any theefe in my 
countrie. 168x CHeTHAM Angler's Vade-mt. x. § 4 (1689) 104 
It’s a dead Bait fora Trout. 1776 F. Marion in Harfer’s 
Mag. Sept. (1883) 547/2 It was so dead a shot they none of 
them said a word. 1 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser. u. 
(1863) 330 A silent, stupid, and respectable country gentle- 
man, a dead vote on one side of the House. 1848 THACKERAY 
Bk. Snobs vii, He is a dead hand at piquet. 1852 DickENs 
Bleak Ho. xxvi, With a gun in his hand, with much the air 
of a dead shot. 1874 Dasent Half a Life Il. 227 Those 
who do so. .are almost always dead plucks. 

ce. Exact. 

Mod, Iron bars cut to a dead length are charged a little 
more, 

d. Direct, straight. Dead wind (Naut.): a wind 
directly opposed to the ship’s course. (Cf. C. 3.) 

1881 Daily Tel. 28 Jan., It was a dead head-wind. 1888 
Harper's Mag. July 184 Keeping the sight of my rifle in 
a dead line for Gobo’s ribs. 

VI. 32. Phrases. a. Dead and gone (usually 
in literal sense). 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 62 He fownde me ded and 
gonne, 1523 SKELTONGar/. Laurel 1247 Of one Adame alla 
knave, dede and gone. 1602 SHaxs. Ham, 1v. v. 29 He is 
dead and gone Lady, he isdead and gone. 1737 Pore Hor. 
Epist. u. i. 34 Advocates for folly dead and gone. 1840 
Dickens Barn. Rudge xix, When she was dead and gone, 
perhaps they would be sorry for it. 

b. Dead as a door-nail, dead as a herring: com- 
pletely or certainly dead. 

1350 Will. Palerne 628 For but ich haue bote of mi bale 
I am ded as dorenail. 1 Lanci. P. Pl. A. 1. 161 Fe 
withouten fait is febelore pen nou3t, And ded as a dore-nayl. 
1593 SHAKS. 2 Hen. VJ, 1v. x. 42 If I doe not leaue you all 
as dead as a doore naile. [1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 11. iii. 
12 By gar, de herring is no dead, so as I vill kill him.] 1664 
Butter Hud. u. ili. 1148 Hudibras, to all appearing, 
Believ’d him to ‘be dead as Herring. 1680 Orway Caius 
Marius 57 As dead as a Herring, Stock-fish, or Door-nail. 
1856 Reape Never too late 1x, Ugh ! what, is he, is he—Dead 
as aherring. 1884 Pad/ Mall G. 29 May 5/2 The Congo 
treaty may now be regarded as being as dead as a doornail. 

ce. Dead horse: see HORSE. 

da. Zo wait for dead men’s shoes: see SHOE. 

§] The compar. deader and superl. deadest are in 
use where the sense permits ; chiefly in ¢ransf.and 

Jig. senses (¢.g. 4, 16, above). 

B. sb.1 (or absol.) 

1. a. sing. One who is dead, a dead person. 
Formerly with a, and with possessive dead’s (dedes, 
dedis). bb. pl. The dead. 

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 51 Al swa me dead bi be deade. cx 
Cursor M. 18043 (Trin.) Pat dede [Lazarus] from dep to lif 
he dizt. 1340 Ayend, 258 Huanne me yzi3p bere ane byrie 
ts is tokne pet per is wypine a dyad. 1465 Paston Lett. 

o. 510 II. 202 Tochyng the savacyon of the dedys gode. 
1529 S. Fisu Supplic. iy 2 Or elles they will accuse 
the dedes frendes. x60x SHaks, ¥d. C. 11. ii. 131, I rather 
choose To wrong the dead.. Then I will wrong such 
Honourable men. 1691 tr. Emilianne’s Frauds Rom. 
Monks 32 The Dead, raising himself the third and last 
time. 1850 Tennyson /7 Mem, Ixxxv, So hold I commerce 
with the dead; Or so methinks the dead would say. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt. viii. 22 And let deade bebyrizean 
hyra deadan. c 1200 Trix, Coll, Hom. 23 To demen be quike 
and be deade. 1426 AUDELAY Varig | Vysyte the seke.. And 
beré the ded. 1661 CowLry Disc. Govt. O. Cromwell, The 
Monuments of the Dead. 1776 Apam Smitu W, N. v. ii. 
(1869) II. 453 The transference of .. property from the dead 
to the living. 1842 Tennyson 7wo Voices lxix, Nor canst 
thou show the dead are dead. 

ce. From the dead [orig. tr. Lat. @ mortuis, Gr. 
éx vexpav, dnd Tay vexpav in N. T.]: from among 
those that are dead; hence — death. 

cgso Lindisf. Gosp. John ii. 22 Middy uutudlice arised 
from deadum. 1340 Ayend, 263 Pane pridde day a-ros uram 
pe dyade. 1587 . T. (Genev.) Rom. xi. 15 What shal the 
receauing of them be, but lyfe from the dead? 1652 
Garaxer Axtinom. 5 His rising from the ded. 1722 DE 
For Col. Fack (1840) 299 This was a kind of life from the 
dead to us both. 1862 Trotiore Orley F, xiii, Her voice 
sounded. .like a voice from the dead. 

2. =Dead period, season, or stage. Dead of night, 
of winter: the time of intensest stillness, darkness, 
cold, etc. ; =‘depth’ (of winter). + Dead of neap, 
the extreme stage of neap tide. (Cf. A. 18, 27.) 

1548 Hatt Chron. 109 b, In the dedde of the night .. he 
brake up his campe and fled. ee Peernves Aineis Ww. 
(Arb.) 113 Neere toe dead of midnight yt drew. 1601 SHAKs. 
Twel, N.1. Vv. 290 Euen in the dead of night, 1613 SHeRLEY 
Trav. Persia pha iourney was under-taken in the dead of 
winter. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 266 At dead of neap, 
when the tides run less rapid. W. Irvine Salmag. 
= (1860) = = the dead ip metore is without 
charm. 1 ACAULAY Clive (x: 2: dead of night. 
Clive marched out of the fort. wor ncaa 

+3. =DEAD HEAT, Obs. 

1635 Quarces E02. x.(D.), Mammon well follow’d, Cupid 
bravely led; Both touchers ; equal fortune makes a dead. 

4. Mining. Deads: earth or rock containing no 
ore (see A, 10); esf. as thrown out or heaped to- 
gether in the course of working. 

1653 Mantove Riymed Chron. 271 Deads, Meers, Groves, 
3671 Phil. Trans. VI. 2102 By Deads here are meant, 
that part of the Shelf which contains no metal. 1757 


59 


Bortase 7d. L. 503 Noise..as if a studdle had broke, and 
the deads were set a running [wofe, Loose rubbish and 
broken stones of the mine]. 1851 KincsLey Yeast xiii. (D.), 
A great furze-croft, full of deads (those are the earth-heaps 
they throw out of the shafts). . : 

+5. U.S. college slang. A complete failure in 
‘recitation’. Ods. 

a 1856 Harvard Reg. 378 in B. H. Hall College Was. & 
Customs, One must stand up in the singleness of his ig- 
norance to understand all the mysterious feelings connected 
with a dead. 1857 Harvard Mag. Oct. 332, I had made 
a dead that day, and my Tutor'’s rebuke had touched my 
pride. ‘ A ° 

q 6. The absolute sense is also used at¢rid., as in 
dead money, money paid for saying masses for the 
dead; dead list, list of the dead, etc. See various 
examples under D. 1, 2. 

Grammatically, these pass back again into the adjective 
uses in A, from which, in some cases, they are not easy to 
separate, as dead meat, the flesh of slaughtered animals, or 
flesh which is itself dead (in sense 1); dead wool, the wool of 
dead or slaughtered sheep. 

1476 Churchw. Acc. Croscombe (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 5 
There is left of the ded money..xlvis j. 1692 Lutrrety 
Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 544 Some .. in the dead list were 
not killed, but made prisoners. a 1845 Mrs. Bray Narleigh 
xlii. (1884) 304 Examined into by the ‘dead jury’, for so 
was an inquest termed, at the date of our tale. 1851 May- 
HEW Lond, Labour 1. 177 ‘Dead salesmen’. .that is, the 
market salesmen of the meat sent..ready slaughtered. 1867 
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., Persons dying on board. .are 
cleared from the ship’s books by a dead-ticket, which must 
be filled up in a similar manner to the sick-ticket. 1880 
Victorian Rev. Feb. 664 Unlimited supplies of dead beef 
available for export from the United States. 

C. adv. 

1. Ina manner, or to a degree, characteristic of or 
suggesting death; with extreme inactivity, stillness, 
etc.; utterly, profoundly, absolutely (as dead asleep, 
dead calnt) ; to extremity, ‘to death’ (as dead run, 
dead tired). Cf.also dead sick (in D. 2), DEAD 
DRUNK, etc. 

Often connected with the qualified word by a hyphen, and 
thus passing into combinations. 

(1393 Gower Conf. III. 259 Wherof she swouned in his 
honde, And as who saith lay dede oppressed.] 1596 R. 
L{tncue] Diella (1877) 61 Leaden-footed griefe, Who 
neuer goes but with a dead-slowe pace. «@1631 Laup 
Serm. (847) 125 Elias bid them cry louder; their God was 
‘asleep ’.. Yes, dead asleep. 1637 RutHerForD Let?é. (1862) 
I. 267 Deferred hopes need not make me dead-sweir (as we 
used to say). 1727 BrapLey Fam. Djct. s.v. Hart, Dead 
run deer have upon occasion taken very great leaps. 1818 
Keats Exdym.t. 405 As dead-still asa marble man. 1840 
R. H. Dana Bef. Mast x. 24 In a few minutes it fell dead 
calm. 1842 Mrs. Cartyte Left. I. 157 For all so dead- 
weary as I lay down. Jdid. I. 160 Whether I fainted, or 
suddenly fell dead-asleep. 1861 Hucues Tom Brown at 
Oxford vi. (1889) 51 To drive into Farringdon. .both horses 
dead done up. 188x Times 25 July 4/5 Her engines were 
going dead slow. 

b. With absolute or abrupt cessation of motion 
(or speech). (Cf. A. 24.) 

1856 WuytTe MELVILLE Kate Cov., My companion stopped 
dead short and concealed her blushes in a glass of champagne. 
1865 Dickens Mut. #7. u. iv, He stopped dead. 

ce. With the full weight of an inert body. (Cf. 
A. 29.) 

1875 J.C. Witcocxs Sea Fisherman 83 What is this on 
my line which hauls as dead as if I had hooked a weed ? 

. Hence more generally: Utterly, entirely, abso- 
lutely, quite. (Cf. A. 31.) 

1589 NasuE Almond for Parrat 5 b, Ohhe is olde dogge at 
expounding, and deade sure ata Catechisme. 1741 RIcHARD- 
son Pamela (1824) I. 62 A dead-spiteful, grey, goggling eye. 
1826 Disraeti Viv. Grey 1. v, He cut the Doctor quite dead 
to-day. 1857 R. Tomes Amer. in Yapan ix. 196 Before the 
rice is ‘dead ripe’. 1860 Hoox Lives Adéps. (1862) II. ii. 
93 Only one horse ..which soon became dead lame, 1888 
GreenweLt Gloss. Coal Tr. Terms Northumb. & Durh. 
(ed. 3) 2 The small coals .. are then passed over a second 
skreen, [to separate] the nuts .. and the dead small, or duff 
which falls through the skreen. 

3. Directly, straight. Dead against: lit in 
a direction exactly opposite to one’s course (so 
dead on end); fig. (in a way) directly or utterly 
opposed to. (Cf. A. 31d.) 

1800 C. Sturt in Naval Chron. IV. 394 Carrying me dead 
upon the Shambles. 1840 Dickens Pearn. Rudge xxxiii, 

e wind and rain being dead against me. 1840 R. H. 
Dana Bef. Mast iv. 7 We continued running dead before 
the wind. 1851 Dixon W. Penn ix. (1872) 77 The council- 
lors were dead against his prayer. x75 4 C. Witcocks 
Sea Fisherman 109 Observing .. that .. the wind was dead 
on end, and the sail ‘ would not be a ha'porth of good’, 

D. Combinations (of the adj. or sd.). 

1, General combs. a. With other adjectives or 
pti ro (in adjectival or advb. const.) =‘ so as to 

e or seem dead, as if dead, to death, etc.’, as in 
dead-blanched, -cold, -drifting, -frozen, -grown, 
~heavy, -killing, -live (cf. DEAD-ALIvE), -living, 
- re, -set, - ding, -speaking, -wounded; 
b. parasynthetic, as dead-coloured, -eyed, DEAD- 
HEARTED; @, attributive combs, of the sb. = ‘of 
the dead’, as + dead-burier, dead-land. 

1879 Browninc Halbert § Hob 42 Temples, late black, 
*dead-blanched. 1535 CovERDALE Ezek. xxxix. 14 They 

ordene men also to be *deedburiers. 16rx Beaum. 
é Fi. Maid’s Trag. 11, ii, Two *dead-cold aspicks. 61x 
R.» Blaime, pale .. whitish, *dead coloured, 1818 
Keats Zndym, ut, 411 A swoon Left me *dead-drifting to 


DEAD. 


that fatal power. 1370 Ane Tragedie 16 in Sat. Poems 
Ref. (1890) I. 83 Paill of the face..*Deid eyit, dram lyke, 
disfigurat was he. 1594 Kyp Cornelia u. in Hazl. Dodsley 
Vv. 30 a & *dead-grown joys. 1819 Keats Sonn., Picture 
- eander, See how his body dips *Dead-heavy. 1593 

Has. Lucy. 540 With a cockatrice *dead-killing eye. 1594 
— Rich. ITT, ww. i. 36 This dead-killing newes. 1871 TyLor 
Prim, Cult, U1. 281 Mictlanteuctli, ruler of the dismal *dead- 
land in the shades below. 1591 SyLvEsTER Du Bartas 1. 
iii. 945 Th’admired Adamant, Whose *dead-live power my 
Reasons power doth dant. 1605 /éid. u. iii, Lawe 694 
(D.) He smot the sea with his *dead-liuing rod. 1598 /écd. 
ul. i, Jposture 260 *Dead-seeming coals but quick. 1820 
Scotr Monast. iii, Her quivering lip, and *dead-set eye. 
1726 Leoni A lberti’s Archit, I. 42a, Of Stones, some. .are 
heavy and sonorous; others are... light, and *dead sounding. 
1598 SytvesterR Du Bartas u. ii. 1v. Columnes 717 The 
Guide of supplest fingers On (living-dumb, *dead-speaking) 
sinnew-singers. c1400 Dest. Troy 6528 All pat met hym.. 
Auther dyet of his dynttes, or were *ded wondit, 

2. Special combs. dead angle (/ortif.), ‘any 
angle of a fortification, the ground before which is 
unseen, and therefore undefended from the parapet’ 
(Stocqueler MJ2lit. Encycl.); + dead-birth: see 
BirtH 3b; dea‘d-cart, a cart in which dead 
bodies are carried away (e.g. during pestilence) ; 
dea‘d-clothes, the clothes in which the dead are 
dressed; dead dipping, a process by which a 
‘dead’ or dull surface is given to ornamental brass- 
work (Ure Dict. Arts 1875); also dead-dipped 
Ppl. a.; dead doors (Nazt.), doors fitted to the out- 
side of the quarter-gallery doors, to keep out water 
in case the quarter-gallery should be carried away 
(Weale 1850) ; dead-dress = dead-clothes ; dead- 
end, a closed end of a water-pipe, passage, etc., 
through which there is no way; also attrid.; dead- 
file=dead-smooth file; dead fin, name for the 
second dorsal fin of a salmon ; dea‘d-fire, the lumi- 
nous appearance called St. Elmo’s Fire, supersti- 
tiously believed to presage death; dead-flat (Vauz.), 
that timber or frame in a ship that has the greatest 
breadth ; the midship-bend (Weale 1850); dead- 
freight, the amount paid for that part of a vessel 
not occupied by cargo, when the vessel is chartered 
for a lump sum; dea‘d-hole (see quots. and cf. 
DEAD-WELL 1); dea‘d-house, a building or room 
in which dead bodies are kept for a time, a mor- 
tuary; dead-latch (see quot.) ; dead march, a 
piece of solemn music played at a funeral proces- 
sion, esp. at a military funeral; a funeral march ; 
dea‘d-office, the office or service for the burial of 
the dead ; dead oil, a name given to those pro- 
ducts of the distillation of coal-tar which are heavier 
than water ; also called heavy o7/; dead-plate, an 
ungrated iron plate at the mouth of a furnace, on 
which coal is coked before being pushed upon the 
grate; +dea‘d-pledge = MortG ace; dea‘d-ri‘sing 
(Naut.), ‘those parts of a ship’s floor or bottom, 
throughout her whole length, where the floor-tim- 
ber is terminated upon the lower futtock’ (Falconer, 
Mar, Dict. 1830); dea‘d-room, a room in which 
dead bodies are kept ; dead rope, (2) a rope that 
does not run in a block or pulley (Phillips 1706) ; 
cf. A. 23; (6) a bell-rope working on a half-wheel, 
for chiming ; dead-share (see quot. 1867, and cf. 
Deapb pay); dead sheave, ‘a scored aperture in 
the heel of a top-mast, through which a second 
top-tackle pendant can be rove’ (Smyth, Saz/or’s 
Word-bk.) ; dead-shore (see quot.) ; dead-sick a., 
(a) as sick as one can be, prostrate with sickness ; 
++ (0) sick unto death, death-sick (common in Cover- 
dale) ; + dea‘d-slayer, one guilty of manslaughter ; 
dead-smooth a@., said of the finest quality of file ; 
dead-space; see quot.; dead-stroke (4z//iards), 
see quot.; dea‘d-struck, + -strooken ///. a., 
struck dead; jig. struck with horror, paralyzed, 
etc.; +dead-sweat, the cold sweat of death: 
=death-sweat; dea'd-tops, a disease of trees (see 
quot.) ; hence dead-top a/trib.; dead-turn : see 
quot. ; + dead wed (Sc. wad) =MortTGacE. See 
also following words, DEAD-ALIVE to DEAD-WoRK. 

1685 Cooke Marrow Chirurg. vil. ii. 269 The round [Birth- 
wort] is... more effectual in moving speedily the Menses, 
*dead-Birth, and after-Birth. 1722 De For Plague (1840) 
35 Many .. were .. carried away in the *dead-carts. 1887 
Pall Mail G, 18 Mar. 2/2 In Monte Video. .the dead carts 
pass through the streets with dead and dying all mixed up. 
1861 Ramsay Remin, Ser. u. 5 ‘Those are fine linens you 
have got Love aroatey *Troth, mem..they’re just the 
gudeman's *deed claes.’ 1888 Contemp. Rev. Mar. The 
men set themselves to dig out actual catacombs, while the 
women made dead-clothes. 1866 Timmins /udustr. Hist. 
Birmingham 300 Burnishing. .furnishes a contrast to other 
portions of *dead dipped work. /did.299 Dead dipping. .has 
now become the recognized mode of finish where acid is 
employed. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 299/2 ‘Dead’ 
dipping roduces a beautiful frosted ap; ce on the work. 
1854 H. Mitter Sch. § Schm. vii. (1857) 138 Like the pointed 
tags that roughen a *dead-dress. 1886 Pad/ Mail G, 12 Oct. 
2/t There are, of course, fire-cocks and valves on *dead-ends, 
but these are not efficient to thoroughly free water-pipes 
from incrustations and deposits. G. Finpray Exg. 


Railway 199 This is what is termed a ‘dead-end’ warehouse 
8*-2 


DEAD. 


. the waggons come in and go out the same way, and cannot 
be taken through the warehouse. 1865 J. G. Bertram 
Harvest of Sea msl Ad About 1300 of these [salmon] were 
marked the *dead or second dorsal fin . ty | 


to the cross-trees. 
* It’s all over with us now, master,’ said I. 1730-6 Baitey 


being full, or the Freight paid by the Merchant, by agree- 
ment, tho’ he has not sent his full Compliment of ison 

rd. 1880 Clause in Charter-parties, Captain or Owners 
to have an absolute lien on the 
freight, and Demurrage due to the ship under this Charter 
Party. 1856 rul. R. Agric. Soc. XVI1. 1. 504 For these 
*dead-holes we would substitute cesspools .. ‘The open cess- 
pools, or dead-holes, which are too frequently used. 1833 
Edin. Rev. LVI. 348 The keeper of the *dead-house, 
1850 Ecclesiologist X. 339 To the right of the lich-gate we 
have placed the ‘Dead-House’. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., 
* Dead-latch, a kind of latch whose bolt may be so locked by 
a detent that it cannot be opened from the inside by the 
handle or from the outside by the see ees 1603 KNoLLES 
Hist. Turks 827 The ensigns were. .let fall. .a *dead march 
sounded, and heavy silence commanded to be kept through 
all the Campe. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. xxi, ‘That's the 
Dead March in Saul. They bury soldiers to it. 1858 FaBer 
Life Xavier 446 Where there was no Christian burial 
ground, he dug the grave with his own hands, buried them, 
and then recited the *Dead-Office on the spot. 1849 
MansriE-p in Yrud. Chem. Soc. 1, 250 The heavy oil whose 
extrication forms the second period of the process, is techni- 
cally called ‘*dead oil’. 1854 Ronatps & RicHARDsON 
Chem. Technol, (ed. 2) 1. 135 More heat [is] applied, until 
the distillation of the dead oil is complete. 1878 Ure 
Dict. Arts U1. 395 The dead oils .. are found in the very 
last portions that pass in the distillation of coal-tar. 1855 
Larpner Museum Sc. §& Art V, The fuel .. should be 
laid on that part of the grate nearest to the fire door, 
called the *dead plates. 1881 Ravmonp Mining Gloss. s.v., 
‘The gases evolved on the dead-plate pass over the grate 
and are burned. 1658 Puituirs, *Dead pledge, land or 
moveables pawned for money, which is to be the Credi- 
tours for ever, if the money be not repaid at the time 
agreed on; it is also called Mortgage. 1664 E. BusHNeLL 
Compl. Shipwright 10 Then I set off the *Dead Rising. 
1691 T. H[ate] Acc. New Invent. 120 The. .Stern-post, and 
Dead-rising up the Tuck. c18s0in Rudin. Navig. (Weale) 
114. 1835 Wiis Pencillings I. i. 16 My friend proposed 
to me to look into the *dead-room. 1751 Cuambers Cyc/. 
Supp.,* Dead ropes, ina ship, are such as are not running, 
i.e. do not run in any block. 1846-54 OLiver Monasticon 
Exon. 269 Rung with a half wheel, or dead rope. 1872 
Extacompe Bells of Ch. x. 359 At this time .. the bells 
were altered from the dead rope pull tothe sally. 1517 
in Archxologia XLVII. 311 For xviij *dedshares.. at 
v.s. a moneth—vj. li. vj.s, 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., 
Dead-shares, an allowafce formerly made to officers of the 
fleet, from fictitious numbers borne on the complement 
(temp. Henry VIII.), varying from fifty shares for an 
admiral, to half a share for the cook’s mate. 1857 J. G. 
Wikinson Egyptians t. Pharaohs 112 A single square sail 
..raised or lowered by lifts running in *dead-sheeve holes at 
the top of the mast. 1823 in P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 
584 *Dead-shoar. 18530 Weare Dict. Terms, Dead shore, 
a piece of timber worked up in brickwork to support a 
superincumbent mass until the brickwork which is to carry 
it has set or become hard, 1535 CovERDALE 2 Avngs xx. 1 
At that tyme was Ezechias *deedsicke. [So Isa. xxxviii. 1, 
John iv. 47, etc.) cx62x S. Warp Life of Faith (1627) 88 
When thou .. (as in a Sea-sicknesse) art dead sicke for the 
present, remember thou shalt be the better..after. 1535 
CoverDALE Yosh. xx. 2 Fre cities..that a *deed sleyer 
which sleyeth a soule vnawar -may flye thither. 
1 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v., The grades [of files] are 
as iollows :—Rough. Middle-cut. Bastard. Second-cut. 
Smooth. *Dead-smooth. 1884 F. J. Brirren Watch § 
Clockm. 79 Dead Smooth, .the cut of the finest kind of file. 
1887 Brunton Pharmacology, etc. (ed. 3) 1100 "Dead-space: 
this name has been given by O. Liebreich to the part of 
a fluid in which no reaction occurs between substances 
dissolved in it... If the mixture be placed in horizontal 
capillary tubes the dead-space is at each end of the liquid. 
pe Cavenpisu & Bennett Billiards 193 A *dead-stroke 
is played by striking the white gently in the centre, or, if 
anything, very slightly below it. @1593 Martowr Hero § 
Leander 1, 121 With fear of death *dead-strooken, 1597-8 
Br. Hatt Saé. 1 iii, (T.), [To] appall The *dead-struck 
audience. 1839 Darcey /ntrod. Beaum. § Il. Wks. 1. 31 
Shakspeare himself scrawls bytimes with a dead-struck 
hand. 1609 Hottann Amm. Marcell. 390 Having a 
*dead sweat comming all over him, he died within a while 
after. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), eager ac ey a Disease 
in Trees: For large Plants that upon their Removal have 
had their tops cut off, are apt to die from the Place they 
were cut off at, to the next Sprig, or Branch. ax1z1r Ken 
Sion Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 320 When they saw a dead-to’ 
Oak decline. 1888S. P. Tompson Dynamo-Electr. Mach. 
(ed. 3) 405 In every d 0 the current..is proportional to 
the speed less a certain number of revolutions per second, 
The Tatter number is familiarly known as the *dead-turns. 
1340 Ayend, 36 Hy betakep hyre londes and hare —e 
ine wed and *dead wed. 1609 Skene Reg. May. 50 The 
secund. .ane deidwad. .is forbiddin in the Kings court to be 

ie or vsed. Because it is esteemed to be ane kinde of 
ocker or vsurie. 

Dead, sv.2 Also 3-6 ded, dede, 4- deid. The 
northern form of the word Dearu, formerly in 
regular use with Northern writers (dede), and still 
dialectal in Scotch (ded, pronounced dzd), esp. in 
certain locutions, e. g. ¢éved to dead (deid), to be the 
dead (deid) vA any one. Also in many combinations, 
as dead-bell, dead-candle, dead-rattle, dead-spoke, 
dead-thraw, etc. For examples of the simple word, 
see the 8 forms under the various senses of DEATH 
sb.; for the combinations see under the standard 


English forms DEATH-BELL, DEATH-THROE, etc. 


60 


In some nalanane & is difficul ne deice ar dopa to 

bination is the sb.=death, or t ousionry 2 it 
is evident that later writers have often used phrases and 
combinations containin; sb., with the notion that it was 
the adj. Thus dead-bell could easily be understood as the 
bell of the dead, or rung for the dead, dead-sweat as the 
sweat characteristic of the dead. 


+ Dead (ded), v. Ods. exc. in local or nonce-use ; 
replaced by DeapEN. Forms: 1 déadian, 4-5 
dede, 5-9 dead. [OE. déadian (also adéadian) to 
become dead (corresp. to a Gothic *daudén), f. 
déad, Dead a, Branch II corresponds in sense to 
OE. diedan, dydan to kill (Gothic *daudjan, Ger. 
tédten) ; but is app. only a transitive use of the 
Sa are intr. vb.] 

. intr. 1. To become dead. a. Zit. To die. 

6950 Lindisf. Gosp. John viii. 2x And in synno iuero 
deadazed. [c975 Rushw. Gosf., In synnum iowrum Ze 
deodizad.] [c10go Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 408/6 Fatescit, 
adeadap.] ¢1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 752 The seed of thorn 
in it wol dede and dote. c1425 Seven Sag. 623 (P.) The 
holde tre bygan to dede. 

b. fig. To lose vitality, force, or vigour ; to be- 
come numb; to lose heat or glow. 

1384 Cuaucer //. Fame nu. 44 Al my felynge gan to dede. 
Pi a hems Sylva § 774 Iron, as soon as R is out of the 
Fire, deadeth straight-ways. 1654 FuLLER Ephemeris Pref. 
5 Their loyalty flatteth and deadeth by degrees. 

2. U.S. college slang. ‘To be unable to recite ; 
to be ignorant of the lesson ; to declare one’s self 
unprepared to recite’ (B. H. Hall College Was. & 
Customs, 1856). 

1848 Oration before H. L. of I. O. of O. F., Be ready, in 
fine, to cut, to drink, to smoke, to dead. 

II. érans. 

3. To make dead (#. and fig.) ; to cause to die; 
to put to death, kill, slay, destroy. 

©1340 Cursor M. 13070 (Fairf.) Herodias couet Iohn to 
dede. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. iv. 127 Aftir pat pe body 
is dedid by pe debe. 1591 SpeNseR Jeares of Muses 210 
Our pleasant Willy..is dead ..With whom all joy and jolly 
merriment Is also deaded. 1594 Nasue Unfort. Trav. 52 
Tree rootes..stubbed downe to the ground, yet were they 
not vtterly deaded. c 1624 Lusnincton Resurr. Serm. in 
Phenix (1708) I. 480 This would murder His divinity, and 
dead His immortality. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. 1v. 140 
By burning to set a marque, or to dead the flesh. 

4. fig. To deprive of some form of vitality ; to 
deaden: a. To deprive of sensation or conscious- 
ness ; to stupefy, kenumb. 

1382 Wycuir 1 Sam. xxv. 37 And the herte of hym with yn 
forth is deed [v.7. deadyd, deadid, dedid]. 1 B. Jonson 
Ev. Man out of Hum, 1. iii, O my senses, Why lose you not 
your powers, and become Dull’d, if not deaded, with this 
spectacle? 1641 Frencu Distild. iv. (1651) 96 It. .quickens 
any deaded member, as in the palsie. 1692 R. L’Estrance 
Josephus’ Antiz. v1. x, His hearing was deaded and lost. 

b. To deprive of force or vigour. 

1586 Efit. Sidney Spenser's Wks. (Globe) 572/2 Endlese 
griefe, which deads my life, yet knowes not how to kill. 
a@ 1631 Laup Serm. (1847) 13 Let nothing dead your spirits 
in God's and your country’s service. 1653 A. Witson Jas. /, 
gs This. .deaded the matter so, that it lost the Cause. 1687 
SHADWELL Fuvenal Ded, Aiijb, In all Paraphrases upon 
the Greek and Roman Authors. .the Strength and Spirit of 
them is deaded, and in some quite lost. 

e. To render spiritually dead. 

1656 R. Ropinson Christ al/ 108 Carnal security deads the 
heart. 1676 Hace Contemfi. 1. (1689) 281, I have been very 
jealous .. of wounding .. or ee ey conscience. 

d. To make dead or insensible 40 something. 

1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus i. 7 Drunkennes is..an 
oppressing, and deading of it [the heart] unto dutie. 1655 

URNALL Chr. in Arm. (1669) 175/1 The sense of this Gospel- 
peace will dead the heart to the creature. 

5. To deprive of its active or effective physical 
quality; to deaden, make ‘ dead’, extinguish. 

r6rr Cotcr., Buffeté .. deaded, as wine that hath taken 
wind, or hath beene mingled with water. 1626 Bacon Sy/va 
§ 158 If a Bell hath Cloth or Silk wrapped about it, it 
deadeth the Sound more. 1652 J. WriGut tr. Cantus’ 
Nature's Paradox 100 The Ashes of Love, whose coals 
were deaded on a sodain. 1657 W. Cotes Adam in Eden i, 
{Walnut oil] is better for Painters’ use to illustrate a white 
colour than Linseed Oyl, which deadeth it. 1719 D’Urrry 
Pills (1872) V. 163 Common Prey so deads her Dart, It 
scarce can wound a noble Game. 1748 THomson Cast. /ndol. 
1. Ixvi, When .. thy toils .. Shall dead thy fire, and damp 
its bagrealy spark. / 

6. To check, retard (motion or force); to destroy 
the force or effect of (a missile, etc.). 

1602 Carew Cornwall 158 by Great trusses of hay.. to 
blench the defendants sight, and dead their shot. 1626 
— Fond § 15 Yet ER song ag pagectin Motion. 1663 

erys Diary 1 Ir. ich. .in dry er, turns to dust 
and deads the ball. ” Y 


« Hawtnorne in /arfer’s Mag. Aug. Whose. . 
enauhy, : What is ethics?’ had tea poy ab rte 
«student, 

Dead, obs. form of Drxp. 


Dea‘d-ali've, z. Also (chiefly UV. .S.), dead- 
and-alive. Dead while yet alive; alive, but with- 
out animation ; dull, inactive, spiritless. 

1591 Sy.vester Du Bartas 1. v. 953 Leaving a Post-hume 
(dead-alive) seed behind her. 1617 Cortins Def Sp. Ely 


DEAD DRUNK. 


ithe Menke that lines in slenama aad ean ie, and 
is deadaliue. 1 ee 


this j a very dead and alive manner. 1868 Ho-me 
EE B. XXVL. I i os -alive place. 
Hence Dead-ali: 


vism. 
1887 Jessore Arcady 170 Dismal, dull, dead-alivism. 
Dead beat, dea'd-beart, sd.! (a.) Watch and 
Clock-making, etc. EAD a. 24b.] A beat or 
stroke which stops ‘ ’ without recoil. Usually 
cr < ea as in dead-beat escapement. 
bg tr. P. Le 's Attempts finding Longitude 29 Thi 
ala baie Wiaieen ara t Bh Gactaeesiedl wih Yon 
regulator. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-beat Escape- 
ment. This..was invented by Graham about 1700. ir 
Maxwe ti Electr. § Magn. 11.351 Galvanometers, in which 
the resistance is so great that the motion is of this kind, are 
called dead-beat galvanometers. 1882 J. Mitne in Nature 
XXVI. 628 Pendulums, so far controlled by friction as to 
be ‘dead-beat’. 
pad aaa dea'd-bea‘t, 7//. a. (sd.2) [Dzap 
eX; 2: 
A. adj. (or pa. pple.) Completely ‘ beat’, utterly 
exhausted. ps 0 
1821 P. Ecan Tom § Ferry (1890) 34 So dead-beat, as to 
be compelled to cry for quarter. 1836 Hook G. Gurney I. 
218, I never was so dead beat in my life. 1887 Sir R. H. 
Roserts /# the Shires ii. 30 His horse lay dead beat in 
a ditch beside him. 
B. sb. slang (U.S.). A worthless idler who 
sponges on his friends ; a sponger, loafer. 
1877 Brack Green Past. xli. (1878) 325 A system of local 
‘overnment controlled by 30,000 bummers, loafers, and dead- 
ats. 1882 B. Harte Flip ii, Every tramp and 
you've met. 


Dead-bell: see DEATH-BELL. 


Dea‘d-born, 7//. a. Now chiefly dia/. Born 
dead, still-born. 

ex King of Tars 914 The child ded-boren was. 

Cath. Angl. 93 Dedeborne .. abortinus. 1613 Purcuas 
Pilgrimage vu. xiii. 812 Children which were dead-borne. 
1 Bianp in Phil. Trans. LX XI. 357 The number of the 
children that were dead-born, 1840 i. Bremner £.xcurs. 
Denmark, etc. 11. 396 The dead-born and those who long 
wielded the sceptre, are laid side by side. 
b. Fe. ; 

a 1300 Cursor M. 26500 (Cott.) pe dedis..pat forwit ded 
born ware, Pai mai be quickend neuer mare. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. xx. 354 A ian Peer..who teem’d with many 
a dead-born jest. 1738 — Zfil. Sat. u. 226 All, all but 
‘Truth, drops dead-born from the Press. Macautay 
Southey, Ess. (1848) 1. 222 The History.. is already dead : 
indeed, the second volume was deadborn. Cartyte Fr. 
Rev. 1, v. viii. 247 Messieurs of the | Brogiie- 
Ministry. 

Deadbote: see DEDBOTE. 

Dea‘d-ce:ntre. Mech. 1. =Dxap-pornr. 

1874 in Sfon’s Dict. Engineering 161. 

2. Ta a lathe, a centre which does not revolve » 
see CENTRE 5. 

1879 Horrzarrret Turning wv. 44 The dead centre with 
loose pulley. /did,. 45 The dead center lathe, 

Dea‘d co:lour. /ainting. [Dgap a. 13 b.] 
The first or preparatory layer of colour in a paint- 
ing. So Dea‘d-co:lour v. /vans., to paint in dead 
colour; Dea‘d-co:louring v?/. sd. 

W. Sanverson Graphice 63 First to speak of dead- 
fen 1672 in H. Wacrote Vertue'’s Anecd. Painting 
(1786) III. 128, 5 June, Dr. Tillotson sat .. to Mr. Lely for 
him to lay in a colour of his picture. 1788 Sir J. 
Reynops Disc, xiv. (1876) 94 That lightness of hand whi 
was in his dead colour, or first painti (ears 
in Flagg Life W. Allston (1893) 182 This color I paint 
on AR good body ot ba Pics 

. SANDERSON Gra, ures a 
Master, begun, and AE pe mecedh only. 1668 py Hatt ool 
i need not be 
the second 


of Pen & Pencil 82 In this Dead-colourin, 
over curious .. colours may be at 
ration. /éid. 101 For a light-red Garment, first dead- 
r it with Vermilion. fae Imison Sch. Art II. 58 
After the student has cov over, or as artists term it, 
has Seed the heed. am Gutuick & Timus Paint. 
The Dead-colourin, or ory painting, 
and is so termed becaties the colours are faid cold od galt 
to admit of the after-paintings. 
Dead-day: see DeaTu-Day. 


+ Dea‘d-do'ing, #//. a. Obs. ‘Doing to death’, 
killing, murderous. 

1590 er /, Q. u. iii, 8 Hold your dead-doing hand. 
1594 — Amoretti i, lilly hands, Which hold my life 
in their dead-d might. 2 A B. Jonson Tale Tud u. i, 
Put up..Your htful blade, and your d ing look. 
1 res Arner Magn. Chr. 1. ii. (1852) 53 Such dead- 
é2ing things, as powder and shot. 1778 Wesusy Wks. 
(1872) XI. 150 These ae men. 

dea'd-dru'nk, «a. [Dzap 

adv. 1: cf. dead-sick in Dead D.2.] So drunk as 
to be insensible or unable to moye, in a state of 
prostration through intoxication. Hence Dead- 
bg naa D: D. P vij, They .. receive .. the 

ts , o¢ e 

aon through or an Bi doune Dead-drunke. 
1604 Suaxs. Oth. u. iii oe Drypen Wild Gallant 
v. il. 12709 Sreete Tatler No. 5 ? x Cupid is not Blind 
at present, but Dead-drunk, 1840 Mrs. Cartyte Lett, I. 
yes My pepivent wes W70g the floor, dead-drunk. 1837 
Hawruorne 7wice Told T., David Swan, An awful instance 
of dead drunkenness. } prey: 


DEADEN. 


Deade, obs. form of Dzap, DEED. 

Deaded £7. a.: see DEAD 2. 4. 

Deaden (ded’n), v. [f. DEAD a. + -EN5: a 
comparatively recent formation, taking the place 
of the earlier DEAD v.] 

I. 1. intr. To become dead (Zt. and fig.); to 
lose vitality, force, vigour, brightness, etc. 

1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6171/3 The Wind deadning .. we 
coe not make the Way we expected. 1801 SouTHEY 
Thalaba xu. viii, The dash Of the out-breakers deaden’d. 
1835 New Monthly Mag. XLIII. 157 ‘The bells, which you 
hear loudly at first, begin todeaden. 1869 LoweLt Pictures 
from Afppledore v1, Yet they momently cool and dampen 
and deaden. 

IL. ¢vans. 

2. To deprive of life, kill (e.g. the tissues). 

1807-26 S. Coorer First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 145 By which 
..some of the fibres around the track of the ball are dead- 
ened. JZod. To deaden the nerve of the tooth. 

b. spec. (U.S.) To kill (trees) by ‘girdling’, z.e. 
cutting out a section of the bark all round ; to clear 
(ground) by killing the trees in this manner. 

1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 405 They deadened the trees by 
cutting through the bark. 1855 W. Sarcent Braddock’s Ex- 
ed. 84 A good woodsman will soon deaden a number of acres, 
which by the next seed-time will be ready for cultivation. 

3. fig. To deprive of vitality, force, or sensibility ; 
to benumb, to dull. 

1684-9 T. Burnet 7%. Earth (J.), We will..by a soft 
answer deaden their force by degrees, 1712 AppISsoN Sect. 
No. 487 ?3 That Activity which is natural to the human 
Soul, and which is not in the power of Sleep to deaden or 
abate. 1798 T. Jerrerson Wit. (1859) IV. 205 It deadens 
also the demand for wheat. 1863 WuyTEe MELVILLE Gladia- 
tors II, 105 Any anodyne that could deaden or alleviate her 
pain. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm. vi. (1877) 129 To benumb 
and deaden worship. 

b. To render dead or insensible éo. 

a 1690 E. Horxins Serv. Acts xxvi. 28 (R.) How deadned 
are they to those sinful ways, which before they much 
delighted in? 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 1. 447 Its [the 
Bible’s] words. .fell on ears which custom had not deadened 
to their force and beauty. 

4. To deprive of some effective physical quality : 
a. To deprive of lustre or brilliancy ; to make dull 
in colour or aspect ; to give a dull surface to (metal, 
glass, etc.) : see DEAD a. 13 b. 

1666 Pepys Diary 24 Oct., He.. lays the fault of it upon 
the fire, which deadened. . the glory of his services. 1706 
Pore Let. to Walsh 2 July, In painting, a man may lay 
colours one up n another, till they stiffen and deaden the 
piece. 1799 G. Smitu Laboratory I. 185 How to deaden 
the glass and fit it to paint upon. 1855 OwEN Avat. lertebr. 
Anim. ii. (L.), [It] deadens the whiteness of the tissue. 

b. To deprive (liquor) of sharpness or flavour, to 
make vapid. ¢. To make (sound) dull or indistinct. 
d. To reduce (quicksilver) from the liquid to the 
granular state in the process of amalgamation. 

1683 Tryon Way to Health 208 Nothing..does more 
deaden and flat the Spirits, especially in green Herbs, than 
slack Fires. 1725 [see DEADENED]. 1828 WessTER, Deaden 
.. to make vapid or spiritless; as, to deaden wine or beer. 
1828 Scotr /. MZ. Perth xxvii, To shut out, or deaden at 
least, a sound so piercing. 1872 [see DEADENED]. 1881 
Raymonp Mining Gloss., Deadened Mercury. 

5. To destroy or reduce the energy of (motion). 

1665 GLANVILL Scefs. Scz. (J.), This motion would be quickly 
deadened by countermotions. 1828 WesstTer, Deaden..3. 
To deaden the motion of a ship or of the wind. 1867 
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Deaden a ship's way, to retard 
a vessel’s progress by bracing in the yards. 

Deadened (de'd’nd), Af/. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
Deprived of life or force; dulled, muffled, etc. 

1720 WELTON Suff, Son of God 1. x. 245 Obedience renews 
the Life of Deadened Love. 1725 Pore Odyss. xxu. 284 
With deaden’d sound, one on the threshold falls. 1789 T. 
Wuatety in Med. Commun. Il. 393 The exfoliated or 
deadened part [of a bone]. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton ix. 
121 The deadened tolling of a bell. 

Deadener (ded’nox). [-zrR1.] One who or 
that which deadens: see the verb. 

1846 Lanpor Jag. Conv. Wks. II. 60/2 Incumbrances and 
deadeners of the harmony. 1884 GoLpw. SmitH in Contemp. 
Rev. Sept. 316 Unless they are strong. . Conservative insti- 
tutions are. .deadeners of responsibility. 

Deadening (de'd’nin), v7. sb. [-1n@1.] 

1. The action of the verb DEADEN, q.v. 

1866 Timmins Jndustr. Hist. Birmingham 300 The [brass] 
work becomes speckled or irregular in the ‘deadening’. 
1875 Wuitney Life Lang. vii. 118 The deadening of the 
native processes of composition and derivation and inflection. 
1883 League Frni. 20 Oct. 657/3 Mental depression and 
moral deadening. 

b. concr. That which deadens sound, colour, etc. 
_ 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Deadening.1.(Carpentry.) Pack- 
ing in a floor, ceiling, or wall, to prevent conduction of 
sound [cf. DEAFEN 3]. 2. (Gilaine) A thin coat of glue 
; smeared over a surface that is gilded in distemper, and 
is not to be burnished. 

2. U.S. The action of killing trees by ‘ girdling’; 
concr. a clearing in which the trees have been 
‘girdled’. (See DEADEN 2 b.) 

1800 Appison Amer. Law. Rep. 306 There was a deaden- 
ing on C’s land as early as 1769. 1855 W. SarcEeNT 
Braddock's Exped. 83 A deadening .. signifies the effect 
produced on the trees by girdling, or cutting a ring about 
their trunks. 


Dea‘dening, ///.a. [-1nc*.] That deadens: 
see the verb. 
1805 SoutHey Madoc in Azt. xviii, From his shield The 


61 


deadening. force communicated ran Up his stunn’d arm. 
1875 Hamerton Jutel/. Life x1. i. 402 The deadening in- 
fluences of routine. 

+ Deader!. Obs. 
DEADENER. 

a1640 W. Fenner Christ's Alarit u. (1657) 26 The giving 
way to sin..which thing is an horrible deader of the heart. 

Deader 2 (de‘da1). slang. [f. DEAD a.+-ER11.] 
A dead person, a corpse. 

1853 (in American Newspaper). 1887 A.C. DoyLe Study 
in Scarlet 1. i, Then mother’s a deader too. 1887 Cyclist 
13 Apr. 640/1 The half-dozen .. troopers would have been 
manufactured into deaders in the twinkling of an eye. 

Dead-eye (dedjai). [Drapa.15.] Naut. A 
round laterally flattened wooden block, pierced 
with three holes through which a lanyard is reeved, 
used for extending the shrouds. Also applied to 


[f Deap v. + -ER!.] = 


the triangular blocks with one large hole, usually 


called fearts, similarly used for extending the 
stays. (Cf. DEAD MAN’S EYE.) 

1748 Anson’s Voy. 1. viii. 78 The main topsail split, and 
one of the straps of the main dead-eyes broke. 1835 Sik 
J.C. Ross Narr. end Voy. xxviii. 398 The dead eyes were 
preparing for the mainmast. 1891 Z7zses 14 Oct. 6/5 The 
William Bateman has lost her main yard, and several of 
her chain plates and dead eyes are broken. 

b. Crowfoot dead-eye = EUPHROE. 

1815 in Fatconer Marine Dict. (ed. se ptaad 
Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk. s.v., The crow/feet dead-eyes are 
long cylindrical blocks with a number of small holes in 
them, to receive the legs or lines composing the crowfoot. 

Deadfall, dead-fall (dedfgl). Chiefly U.S. 

1. A kind of trap used esp. for large game, in 
which a weighted board or heavy log is arranged 
to fall upon and kill or disable the prey. 

1611 MarkHam Countr. Content. 1. xvi. (1668) 78 Some do 
use to take them with hutches, or dead-falls, set in their 
haunts. 1877 Cougs Fur Anim. vi. 175 In addition to our 
steel traps, we built numerous deadfalls. 

2. a. A tangled mass of fallen trees. 

1883 Century Mag, XXIX. 195/1 Extensive ‘dead-falls’ 
of trees thrown pell-mell over, under, and astraddle of each 
other by gales. 

b. (See quot.) 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-fall, a dumping-platform 
at the mouth of a mine. 

e. ‘A low drinking or gaming-place. 
U.S. (Cent. Dict.). 


Dead-fallow. A complete year’s fallow, i.e. 
rest for the land for both a summer and a winter. 
Hence Dea‘d-fa‘llow v. 

1881 Daily News 5 Sept. 2/2 Nearly the whole of the 
arable has been dead-fallowed this summer. 

Dea‘d-hand. = Morrmatn (of which it is a 
translation). 

[c1380 Wycuiir Ws. (1880) 131 Pi wolle not cesse til alle 
be conquerid in-to here dede hondis.} 1612 Br. Hatt 
Serm. v.64 What liberal revenues .. were then put into 
Mortmain, the dead-hand of the Church! 1670 Broun’ 
Law Dict. s.v. Ad quod damnum, 'The Land so given, 
is said to fall into a Dead hand. For a Body Politick 
dies not, nor can perform personal service to the King, or 
their Mesne Lords, as single Persons may do. 1879 Mortry 
Burke (1880) 162 Forty-thousand serfs in the gorges of the 
Jura, who were held in dead-hand by the Bishop of Saint- 
Claude. 1880 A. J. Witson in AZacm. Mag. 469 That bene- 
volence of the ‘dead hand’, which corrupts and blights all 
its victims. 

Dea‘dhead, dead-head, dead head. 

+1. Old Chem. =Caput MORTUUM 2. Obs. 

1576 Baker Yewell of Health 195 a, See whether the 
deadeheade be blacke. 1662 R. Matuew Uni. Alch. § 109. 
177 Take from the Dunghil at the Refiners, his dead head, 
commonly called, Caput mortuum. 1707 Curios. in Hush. 
& Gard. 329, I made a Lixivium with clear Water, and 
filter’d it to take away the dead head of it. 

2. Techn. a. Founding. The extra length or 
‘head ’ of metal at the muzzle end of a gun-casting, 
which contains the dross formed on the molten 
metal, and which is cut off when cool; see also 
quot. 1874. b. Mech. The tail-stock of a lathe, 
containing the dead spindle (see DEAD a. 23). 
e. Naut. (See quot. 1867.) 

1867, SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Dead-head, a kind of 
dolphin (a stout post on a quay head to make hawsers fast 
to); also, a rough block of wood used as an anchor-buoy. 
1869 Eng, Mech. 17 Dec. 320/1 When castings are required 
to be particularly solid. .they are generally made with what 
is termed a ‘dead head’, 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead- 
head .. That piece on a casting which fills the ingate at 
which the metal entered the mold. A /eeding-head. 

8. collog. (orig. U.S.) A person admitted with- 
out payment to a theatrical performance, a public 
conveyance, etc. 

1853 LoweLt Moosehead $rnl. Prose Wks. 1890 I. 19 
Those ‘attentive clerks’ whose praises are sung by thankful 
deadheads. 1864 Sata in Daily Telegraph 1 Nov., A 
friend of mine, a very eminent ‘ dead-head '—that is to say, 
one who has free admissions everywhere and to everything. 
1892 Daily News 16 Sept. 5/6 The natural antipathy be- 
tween formers and what are known in the theatrical 
profession as ‘deadheads’..who do not pay for their enter- 
tainment. 

Hence (from sense 3) Dea‘dhead vw. ¢vans., to 
admit as a ‘deadhead’ without payment ; zz¢r. to 
act the ‘ deadhead’, obtain a privilege without pay- 
ment. Dea‘dheadism, the practice of admitting 


1867 


Western 


_ persons as ‘deadheads’, (co//og., chiefly U..S.) 


DEAD LIFT. 


1 Lowett in Aélantic Monthly Dec. (1892) 746/2, 
I will not be deadheaded, 1860 O. W. Hotmes Eésze V. 
li. (1891) 13 He had been ‘ dead-headed’ into the world 
some fifty years ago, and had sat with his hands in his 
pockets staring at the show ever since. 1885 J. BicELow in 
Harper's Mag. Mar. 542/1 Mr. Jefferson was not in the 
habit ofdeadheading at hotels. 1887 M/zss Bayle’s Romance 
III. 92, I mean to abolish dead-headism. 

Dea‘d-hea‘rted, a. Dead in feeling, callous, 
insensible. Hence Dead-hea‘rtedly adv.; Dead- 
hea‘rtedness. 

1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe 378 Such dead-hearted, un- 
beleeving, and wrangling Sophisters. /ééd. 378 margin, 
Zealous against dead-heartednesse and unbeliefe. 1670 ‘I’. 
Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 351 God will deliver you from.. 
security. . formality, dead-heartedness, lukewarmness. 1839 
Standard 6 July, The callous dead-hearted sensualist. 

Dead heat. Racing, etc. [Cf. DEAD a. 28, 31.] 
A ‘heat’ or race in which two (or more) competi- 
tors reach the goal at the same instant. 

1840 Hoop Kvlmansegg, Her Accident viii, She could ride 
a dead heat With the Dead who ride so fast and fleet. 
1878 Lever Yack Hinton viii. 54 What year there was a dead 
heat for the St. Leger. ; 

Hence Dead-heat v. zr, to run a dead heat ; 
trans. to run a dead heat with (another competitor). 
Dead-heater, one who runs a dead heat. 

1887 Cyclist 22 June, Ralph Temple. .Dead-heated Howell 
in the Quarter-mile Match. 1892 Black & White 19 Mar. 
384/1 The two clubs who dead-heated .. express themselves 
as very anxious to decide the matter bya race. 1868 Daily 
Tel. 29 Apr., About four Jengths in the rear of the dead- 
heaters was St. Ronan, third. 

+ Deading (dedi), v7. sb. Obs, [f. DEAD v.] 
The action of the verb DrEap; deadening. 

c1g00 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 293 Cancrene .. comep of 
dedinge of be skyn. 1607 Hirron /Vks, I. 219 To the dead- 
ing of their hearts, like Nabals. 1645 UssHer Body Div. 
(1647) 430 A further deading of the old man. “ 

+ Dea‘ding, ///. a. Obs. [-ING *.] Deadening. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul u1. 1. ii, Deading liquor. 

Deadish (dedif),a. Now rare. [f. Dean a. 
+-ISH.] Somewhat dead (in various senses). 

a1450 Lysshynge with Angle (1883) 11 The browne colour 
seruyth for that water that is blacke dedisshe in ryuers or 
in other waters. 1562 BuLLEYN Deal. Soarnes & Chir. 10a, 
When thei seme to bee colde, pale, deddishe, or partelie not 
felte. 1611 A. Starrorp WViode 11. 186 (T.) The lips put on 
a deadish paleness. 1697 R. Peirce Bath Mem, u, ii. 264 
His left Arm and Hand were numb'd and deadish. _ 1742 
Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 55 To recover deadish Beer. 
1783 PAil. Trans. LXXIIL. 368 It beat out flat, yielded 
a deadish sound, and became fluid in less than a minute. 

Dead letter. — ; ; 

1. a. orig. A writing, etc. taken in a bare literal 
sense without reference to its ‘spirit’, and hence 
useless or ineffective (cf. Rom. vii. 6, 2 Cor. iii. 6). 

1579 Furxe Heskin’s Parl. 6 ‘The scriptures, which this 
dogge calleth the deade letters. 1652 Sterry Lvg. Deliv. 
North. Presb. 10 This.. taken singly by it selfe, is but 
a breathlesse Carkasse, or a Dead Letter. 1831 CARLYLE 
Sart, Res. i. ili, First must the dead Letter of Religion own 
itself dead. .if the living Spirit of Religion. .is to arise on us. 

b. A writ, statute, ordinance, etc., which is or has 
become practically without force or inoperative, 
though not formally repealed or abolished. 

1663 Heatu Flagellum (ed. 2) 6 To which all other dictates 
and Instructions were uselesse, and as a dead letter. 1726 
Amuerst Terre Fil. xlii. 220 The best laws, when they 
become dead letters, are no laws. @1754 Fiecpinc Voy. 
Lisbon (1755) 145 (Farmer) And to enact laws without doing 
this, is to fill our statute-books. .still fuller with dead letter, 
of no use but to the printer of the Acts of Parliament. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. U1. 132 The few penal laws..which 
had been made in Irelandagainst Protestant Nonconformists, 
were a dead letter. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 111. 
xii. 249 Many a treaty of marriage became a dead letter 
almost as soon as it was signed. ; : 

2. A letter which lies unclaimed for a certain 
time at a post-office, or which cannot be delivered 
through defect of address or other cause. ead- 
letter Office: a department of a general post-office 
in which dead letters are examined, and returned 
to the writers, or destroyed after a certain time ; 
now officially styled Returned Letter Office. 

1771 P. Parsons Newmarket II. 126, I sent to the Post- 
house, and purchased a pacquet of dead letters. 1845 
M:CuLtocn Taxation u. vii. (1852) 316 With these excep- 
tions, all packets above the weight of 16 oz. will be imme- 
diately forwarded tothe Dead Letter Office. 1881 Standard 
1 Nov. 2/2 The old name, ‘ Dead Letter Office’, has had to 
be altered to the present appellation, ‘Returned Letter 
Office’, partly in consequence of the fatuity of the public, 
who would insist upon associating the title ‘Dead’ letter 
with the ‘land of the leal’. s 

Hence Dead-le‘tterism (ozce-wd.), devotion to 
the ‘dead letter’ to the neglect of the ‘spirit’ (see 
Ta). 

1879 Barinc-Goutp Germany II. 186 Pietism ..is also 
a necessary revulsion from the dead-letterism into which 
German Protestantism had lapsed. 

Dead lift. [See Dnap a. 28, and Lirr sé.] 

1. The pull of a horse, etc., exerting his utmost 
strength at a dead weight beyond his power to 
move. 

1551 R. Ropinson tr. More's Utop. us. (Arb.) 76 Oxen.. 
they graunte to be not so good as horses at a sodeyne 
brunte, and (as we saye) at a deade lifte. ° 1888 ELworTHy 
W. Somerset Word-bk. 186 en horses are attached to 
a weight beyond their strength to move, they frequently 


DEAD-LIGHT. 


refuse to try a second time ; in such a case it is said ‘ they 
won't pull at a dead lift’. On the other hand it is common 
to hear a seller say of a horse, ‘I'll warn un to pull twenty 
times following to a dead-lift’, 

2. fig. A position or juncture in which one can 
do no more, an extremity, ‘a hopeless exigence’ 
(J.). Usually in piggy! at a dead lift. (Very 
common in the 17th c.: now arch. or dial.) 

1567 Harman Caveat 34 And to these at a ded lyft, or 
last refuge, they maye..repayre. 1588 J. Upatt Diotrephes 
(Arb.) 25 You must helpe vs at that dead lift, or else we 
are vndone. 1625-6 Suirtey Maia’s Rev. ui. li, Medicine 
he carried always in the pommel of his sword, for a dead 
lift; a very active poison. 1641 J. Suute Sarah § Hagar 
(1649) 7 All-sufficient, he comes in at a dead lift, and he is 
able to turn thingsina moment. 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. 
Stu. xxi. 137 Then [in a shipwreck] they betook themselves 
to their prayers, the best lever at such a dead lift indeed. 
1754 BertHEetson Eng.-Dan. Dict., He helped me at a 
dead lift, hand satte mig jaa fed igien. 1783 AINsworTH 
Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1v. s.v. Nero, None would do the 
wretch [Nero] the favour to kill him; and..he had not the 
heart to help himself at a dead lift. 18.. Mar. Epcewortu 
Stories of Ireland v, It’s only paeog sport—and 
very honourable, to help a friend, at a dead lift. ry 
Giccurist Reason 88, I would not slip off from a dead lift, 
forgetting to come back to it. : 

An effort in which the whole strength is 
applied to lift or move something; a sheer lift; 
a supreme effort. rare. 

1882 Morris Hopes §& Fears for Art i, 21 It is such 
a heavy question by what effort, by what dead-lift, you can 
thrust this difficulty from you. 

Dea‘d-light. [In sense 1, f. Deap a. 15; in 
3, f. DEAD sé., or Sc. form of death-light.] 

1. Naut. A strong wooden or iron shutter fixed 
outside a cabin-window or port-hole in a storm, to 
prevent water from entering. 

1726 Suetvocke Voy. round World 3 A sea struck us .. 
and drove in one of our quarter and one of our stern dead 
lights. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xxvi, The water. .had 
burst into the cabin through the windows..for the dead 
lights..had not yet been shipped. @ 1845 Baruam /zgoé. 
Leg., Bros. Birchington, The dead-lights are letting the 
spray and the rain in. 

2. A skylight not made to open. 

1882 7rade Catalogue, Skylights for which we have no 
corresponding sizes of Deadlights. 

3. A luminous appearance seen over putrescent 
bodies, in grave-yards, etc.; a ‘ corpse-light’ or 
© corpse-candle’. .Sc. 

1813 Hoc Queen's Wake Introd., Dead-lights glimmering 
through the night. 1854 H. Mivier Sch. & Schiz. ix. (1860) 
85/2 The many floating Highland stories of spectral dead- 
lights and wild supernatural sounds, seen and heard by 
nights in lonely places of sepulture. 

+Deadlihead. 0s. rare. [f. Deapty a. + 
-HEAD.] Dead condition; the state of the dead. 

1612 AinsworTH Axnot. Ps. xvii. 10 By the Hebrew word 
Sheol..we are to understand the place, estate, or depth of 
death, deadlihed. 1642 G. HuGuEs Embalming Dead Saints 
19 Some kind of losse..which this deadlyhed brings upon 
the soule. /bid. 20 Deadly-head. 


+ Dea‘dlihood. ds. rare—'. =prec. 

1659 Pearson Creed 476 In the state or condition of the 
dead ; in deadlyhood, as some have learn’t to speak. 

Deadlily (de-dlili), adv. rare. [f. as prec. + 
-LY2.] In a deadly manner; mortally, fatally ; 
excessively ; = DEADLY adv. 

1621 Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 116 Musing .. how hee 
should so farre and deadlily fall out with himselfe. 1662 
J. Cuanpier Van Helmont’s Oriat, 122 A young man, 
A Companion in the Duel, to the Earl.. being deadlil 
pricked, thrust Loniguius thorow. 1849 SoutnEy Comm.-fl, 
Bk. Ser. 1. 2 Dull, dull—deadlily dull. 1860 Pusey J/in, 
Proph. 312 They bit, as serpents, treacherously, deadlily. 
1863 — Lent. Serm. 4 Deadlily delusive to the soul. 

Dea‘d-line. 

1. A line that does not move or run, [DEAD 
a, 23.) 

1860 Chambers’ Encycl., Barbel, Angling..with a dead- 
line, called a ledger. 1892 Padi Mal/G. 5 Aug. 3/1 The 
scene is worked with miniature pulleys, ‘ working lines’, and 
‘dead lines. s 

2. Mil. A line drawn around a military prison, 
beyond which a prisoner is liable to be shot down. 

1868 Lossinc Hist. Civ. War U.S. ILI. 600 Seventeen 
feet from the inner stockade was the ‘dead-line’, over which 
no man could pass and live. 1888 Contemp. Review Mar. 
449 Should he some day escape alive across the dead-line of 

inchesters, he will be h d with bloodhound 

Jig. 1889 Bruce Plant. Negro 45 The instant he sought 
.. to cross the social dead-line. 

Deadliness (de'dlinés). 
rage 
+1. The condition of being subject to death (see 
DeaDLy a, 1); mortality. Ods. 

@ 1225 Ancr. R. 382 We beoren in ure bodie lesu Cristes 
deadlicnesse. a1340 Hampote Psalter Ixxxiii. 2 My hert 
--and my ag bat ol pai be brisel & heuy in dedlynes. 
1434 Misyn Mending of Life 123 Pe fettyr of dedelynes. 
©1440 Promp. Parv, 115 Dedelynesse, mortalitas. 

2. The quality of being deadly or fatal. 

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 518 Smyten with a sore wounde 
of eendeles dedelynesse, 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 
598/2 Y° deadlynesse of the sinne. 1612-5 Br. Hai Con- 
templ. 1v. (T.), The deadliness of Lazarus his sickness. 
1863 Gro. Exior Romola m. xii, That sharp edge might 
os deadliness to the thrust. 1870 Rocers /ist. Cleanings 

er, 11, 13 A new disease of astonishing deadliness. 


[f. Deapiy a, + 


62 
Dead lock, dea’d-lock. [Cf. Deana. 28, 31.] 


1. A condition or situation in which it is impos- 
sible to proceed or act ; a complete stand-still. 

1779 Sueripan Critic 11, | have them all at a dead lock! 
for every one of them is afraid to let go first. 1858 Haw- 
ruorne Fr. & It, Frnis. (1872) I. 1 In Newgate Street, 
there was such a number of market-carts, that we almost 
came to a dead-lock with some of them. 1888 Bryce Amer. 
Commw. 1, v. 60 It often happens that =o has 
a majority in the Senate, another party in the House, and 
then. .a deadlock results. 

2. An ordinary lock which opens and shuts only 
with a key, as opposed to a spring lock ; sometimes, 
gereny a padlock. [DeaD a. 24 b.] 

1866 Timmins /ndustr. Hist. Birmingham 87 Dead locks 
are those which have only one large bolt, worked by the key. 

Hence Dea‘d-lo:ck v., to bring to a deadlock or 


* stand-still ; Dea-dlo:cking vd/. sb. 


1880 Daily Tel. 17 Feb., An entire population is dead- 
locked through no fault ofits own. 1892 V. Y. Nation 4 Aug. 
81/2 They..have deadlocked the Legislature. 1882 NV. Y. 
Tribune 3 May, The disgraceful deadlocking which the 
session of 1882 has witnessed. 

Dea-dlong, a. Humorous nonce-formation after 
livelong (as if f. live adj.). 

1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxiv, Through half the dead- 
long night. : 

Deadly (dedli), a Forms: 1 déadlic, 3 
dedlich, diadlich, 3-4 deadlich, 3-5 dedlich, 
-lych, dedelik(e, 4 dedli, dedeli, deadli, dyad- 
lich, dyeadlich, 4-5 deedli, 4-6 dedly, dedely, 
5 deadlike, dedlyke, 5-6 deedly, 6 deadlie, 
-lye, deedely, dedlie, 6-7 Sc. deidly, deidlie, 
5-deadly. [OE. déadlic, f.déad DEA: see -LY!. 
Cf. OHG. tétlich, MD. doodlick.] 

+1. Subject to death, mortal. Ods. 

c1000 Homilies (Thorpe) II. 186 (Bosw.) Det an deadlic 
man mihte ealne middaneard oferseon. c1230 Hali Meid. 
13 Ipis deadlich lif. a1300 Cursor M. 10919 (Cott.) Godd 
bicom man dedli. 1340 Ayend. 244 Ne e3e dyeadlich ne may 
[pet] na3t ysy. ¢ yA Maunpev. (Roxb.) vii. 24, lam a crea- 
ture dedly. 1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 123 Thinke 
thou art dedely. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 67 This deidlie 
body sal be cled with immortalite. @1563 BaLe Sed. Wks. 
(Parker Soc.) 97 Many holy prophets that were deadly men 
were martyred. 1839 BaiLey Festus xx. (1852) 351 Even 
man's deadly life Can be there, by God's leave. 

+b. adsol. A mortal; usually as f/, Mortals, 
human beings. Ods. 

c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2867 Pare is nane dedely. . pat 
suffice to serche pe domes of god. 1590 Jas. 1 Sf. Gen. As- 
sembly Aug., 1,.shall Maintain the same against all deadly. 
1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2009/2 Whom we shall humbly Obey. . 
Maintain and Defend with our Lives and Fortunes, against 
all deadly, as our only Righteous King and Soveraign. 

+ 2. In danger of death, like to die. Ods. 

a1300 E. E. Psalter xiii. 22 (M&tz.) For al dai dedelik er 
we [sorte afficimur] for pe. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. 7. 
312 My lady hath my deeth y-sworn .. but thy benignytee 
Vpon my dedly herte haue some pitee. a@ 1616 Breaum. & 
Fi. Cust. Country v. iv, How does the patient? Clod. You 
may inquire Of more than one; for two are sick and deadly 
. her health’s despaired of, And in hers, his. 

+b. Of or belonging to death. Ods. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur xu. xi, Not longe after that 
loseph was layd in his dedely bed. 1483 Caxton G, de la 
Tour cxxxv, 191 She .. became seke, and laye in her dedely 


dde. 

+3. Without life, inanimate; =DeEap a. 6. rare. 

a 1225 Juliana 22 To luten dedliche schaften as 3e schul- 
den to godd. cr Secrees 132 It is swilk a secre pat 
ynnethis mannys brest may it vnderstonde, how may it 
panne be wrete in dedly skyns? 

4. Causing death, or fatal injury ; mortal, fatal. 

c893 K. AiLrrep Oros. 111. viii. § 3 Forbracon Romane 
heora abas. .and per deadlicne size zeforan. 1297 R. Giouc. 
(1724) 223 Ac ouercome vas he no3t, bey ys wounden dedlych 
were. €1377 CHAucER Anel, §& Arc. 258 The cause. .Of my 
dedely adversitie. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. xxvil. 
(1869) 19 Per is no wounde so cruelle ; for with out remedye 
it is dedlych. 1562 Win3eT Certain Tractates Wks. (1888) 
I. 3 Lyke..to ane schip in ane dedely storme. 1603 KNoLLES 
Hist. Turks (1621) 48 Every houre expecting the deadly 
blow of the hangman. 1768 Beattie Minstr. u. xii, Tho’ 
Fortune aim her deadliest blow. 1874 Mortey Compromise 
(1886) 34 The narrowing and deadly effect of the daily itera- 
tion of short-sighted commonplaces. 

b. As a quality of things: Having the property 
or capacity of causing death or fatal injury; 
poisonous, ene pees 

¢ 1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 361 Dedli drynke, 4 

i taken it..anoiep hem not. 1567 Mapter Gr. Forest 57 b, 

e inhabitants .. doe set the whole Groue on fire, by 
that meanes the deadly Serpents .. are driuen away. x697 
Dryven Virg. Georg. iii. 447 Dire Stepdames .. mix, for 
deadly Draughts, the pois’nous Juice. 1788 Gisson Decé. 
& F. 1. (1846) V. 3 The winds..from the south-west, diffuse 
a noxious and even deadly vapour. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. 
x. (1879) 220 Many savages. . have seen. .small ani killed 
by the musket, without being. .aware how deadly an instru- 
ment itis, 1866 7reas, Bot. 1140 To camels. .itis adeadly 


poison. n 
¢. spec. In names of poisonous plants. 

Deadly Carrot, the genus Thapsia of umbelliferous plants, 
natives of Southern Europe. Deadly Ni shea the 
At Belladonna(N.O. Solanace#), a rare shrub with dark 
purple flowers and large round black berries; the name is 
often popularly misapplied to the ‘oody Night- 
— — Dulcamara, boyegen oie berries. 

1578 Lyre Dodoens ut. xxi. 4 great Nightshade, or 
Dwale, This noughtie and deadly lant is taken fora kinde 
of Solanum..The .. fresh leaues of this deadly Nightshade 


| Win3er Cert. Tractates i. Wks. 1888 1. 6 


DEADLY. 


may be applyed outwardly .. The fruite of this Solanum is 
curr: 1774 T. West Antig. Furness 94 There grows the 
Let pekfn, or deadly owed 1842 Penny Cycl. 
XXIV. 282/2 The species [of Thapsia] are mostly natives of 
the countries of the Mediter , and are k under 
the generic name Deadly Carrot. 1886 Pall Mail G. 27 
Aug. 4/1 The A known as deadly nightshade 
in England is the ly nightshade or bitter-sweet .. The 
ights atropa belladonna of 


5. Theol. Of sin: spiritual death; 
mortal (opposed to vental); esp. applied to the 
seven chief or ‘ cardinal’ sins: see Srv. 

ay Ancr. R. 56 He [David] dude preo vtnummen 
heaued sunnen & deadliche. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 
Thir er tha hede syns that er dedely. 1340 4 
Lecherie. .is on of be zeuen dyadliche zennes. Tid. 16 7H 
byeb h d..of alle and ginninge of alle kueade, be 
hy dyadliche, be hy uenial. c¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iii. 10 
Pai say also pat fornicacion es na dedly bot a kyndely thing. 
1483 Caxton G.de da Tour H iij, By this synne of glotonye 
men falle in alle the other sixe dedely synnes. 1548-9(Mar.) 
Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, Fornicacion, and all other deadlye 

ne. 1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. ui. i. 111 Sure it is no 
sinne, Or of the deadly seuen it is the least. a1711 Ken 
Hymnotheo Poet. . 1721 ILI. 269 The Seven curs'd 
deadly Sins. . Pride, Envy, Shoth, Intemp’rance, Av’rice, Ire, 
And Lust. 1819 SHELLEY Cenc? 1V. iii. 37 We do but that 
which ’twere a deadly crime To leave undone. 

+b. Deadly sinner: one who commits deadly 
sin. Ods. 

1622 Donne Sermt.i. 5 He that comes alive out of that 
field [a duel] comes a dead man, because he comes a deadly 
sinner, and he that remains dead in the field is gone to an 
everlasting death. Z 7 5 

6. Aiming, or involving an aim, to kill or de- 
stroy; implacable, mortal, to the death. 

c 1205 Lay. 8 =r dadliche iuan. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 
600 A leyde to Sarsyn strokes smerte ri3t als til his dedly 
fo. ¢1430 Freemasonry 309 Throwghe envye, or dedly hate. 
1583 StanyHurst Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 17 —— long fostred 
deadlye reuengement. a@ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 11. 
382 Betwixt whom and Sir Henry Berkeley was so deadly 
a quarrel, 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. 1. i. 206 With deadly 
Imprecations on her Self. 1813 Byron Br. Adydos 11. xii, 
Although thy Sire’s my deadliest foe. 1845 M. Pattison 
Ess. (1889) I. 4 The contest. . becomes sharp and deadly. 

7. Resembling or suggestive of death, death-like. 
a. Of colour or aspect : Pale like that of a corpse. 

1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 869 Thisbe, Who koude wryte 
which a dedely chere Hath Tesbe now. ¢ 1400 Beryn 1337 
His coloure gan to chaunge in-to a dedely hewe. 1561 
Even Arte Nauig. u. xix. 50 If [the Sunne] shew yealowe 
or deadly, tempest is like to folow. 1 
1v. iv. 96, I know it by their pale and deadly looks. 1798 
SoutuEy Yoan of Arc 289 By the flush’d cheek. .And by the 
deadly paleness which ensued. -_ Med. Frnl, x. 152 In 
consequence of the. .deadly look of the child. 

b. Death-like in unconsciousness or physical 
prostration. 

1548 Hatt Chron. 56 The Normans hearyng of the kynges 
a wer sodenly striken with a deadly feare. ca 

‘Ouhat deidly sleip 
is this that hes oppressit 3ow? 1671 Satmon Syn. Med. u1. 
xxii. 413 Narcotick, causing deadly sleep. 1853 Lytton 
My Novel xi, vii, A deadly Slecane seized her, 

ce. Death-like in darkness, gloom, dullness, 
silence, etc. 

1300 Cursor M. 17881 (Gétt.) Pe folk in dedeli mirknes 
stadd. 1529 More Conf. agst. 7rib, 1. Wks. 1171/1 Con- 
tinuall fatigacion woulde e it [the mind] dull and deadlye. 
1 LOUNT tr. Cones: io 29 There was such a 
deadlie silence in the porte. 1605 Suaks. Lear v. ili. 290 
All's cheerlesse, darke, and deadly. Roust Heav. 
Univ, (1702) 166 Sitting in darkness and a ly shadow. 

8. Excessive, ‘ terrible’, ‘awful’. collog. 

1660 Perys Diary 1 Nov., A deadly drinker he is, and 

rown exceedingly fat. 1660 /bid. 7 Dec., So to the Privy 
Beale where I signed a deadly number of pardons, 1 
Mrs. Detany Life § Corr.(1861) II. 382 It has been a deadly 
while I have taken to answer your kind letter, 1773 Gotps. 
Stoops to Cong. 1. ii, You're come a leal wrong ! 
1843 Cartye Past & Pr. (1858) 281 Why deadly haste 
to make money ? 7 J. Witson Chr. North (1857) I. 146 
pu omer of corn a few sparrows can eat... cannot 

very ly. 

9. Comb., as deadly-dinted, -handed, -headed, 
-like adjs.; deadly-lively a., — dullness 
and liveliness, lively in a gloomy and depressing 
way ee ; hence liveliness. 

HAKkS. 2 Hen. VI, v. ii. 9 The deadly handed Clifford 
slew my Steed. 1596 Fitz-Gerrrey Sir /, Drake (1881) 51 
An hundred deadlie-dinted staves. 1630 Rurnerrorn Lett, 
(1862) 1, 55 She is in a most dangerous and deadly-like con- 
dition. Dickens Nich. Nick. xii, Even her dress 
assumed something of a deadly-lively air from a eeety 
in which it was worn. 1881 Mrs, Oxirnant in Macm. 
, ee He was taken to Mentone. .to the deadly- 
liveliness ». and invalid surroundings of that shelter of the 
suffering. 1891 Sfectator 12 Dec, 855 The deadly-liveliness 
of flippant and forced humour, 
(de‘dli), adv. Forms: 1 déadlice, 
3-4 deadliche, 4 dyadliche, dedlyk, 4-6 dedely, 
5 dedly, 6 deedly, Sc. deidly, 7 deadlie, 6- 
deadly. [OE. déadlice, f. déad Dean: see -LY ®,] 
+1. Ina way that causes death ; mortally, fatally ; 
to death. Ods. . 
cx050 Gloss. in Wr.Wiilcker 436/8 Loetaditer, deadlice. 
ar R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 33, He wonded pe Kyng 
dedaly fulle sore. ¢ Promp. Parv. 115 Dedely, mor- 
taliter, letaliter. 156% T. Mey sp oae-tf awl 1. Rd 
(1634) 71 They are wounded, not - 7 May 
Lucan 1x. (1431) 21 The snakes bite deadly, fatall are their 


Suaks. Com. Err. 


DEADMAN. 


teeth. c¢1679 Roxb. Ball, V1. 147 Killing Beauty .. Be no 
more so deadly Cruel. 1816 Byron Ch. Har, mm, xxix, 
When shower'd The death-bolts deadliest. 

+b. Theol, In away that entails spiritual death ; 
mortally : see DEADLY @. 5. Ods. 

a 1225 Ancr. R.58 3if he is ivonded so pet he sune3ie dead- 
liche. x Ayenb. 223 Ine opre cas me may zene3i, oper 
liztliche, oper dyadliche. _¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb) iii. 10 

i say we synne dedly in pat we schaue oure berdes, 1503 

awes Lxamp, Virt. xiii. 273 A dongeon longe and wyde 
Made for theym that do synne dedely. 1579 ‘lomson Ca/- 
vin’s Serm. Tint. 112/2 To see those men, which were as it 
were Angels of God, fall: yea, & that deadly. 

+2. Implacably, mortally; to the death. Ods. 

© 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2644 Sheo loucde 
mykel be slayn brober, & dedlyk [v.~. dedely] hated sche pat 
ober. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 332 Thus hate I dedely thilke vice. 
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 95, l haue heard that women either 
loue entirely or hate deadly. 1650 S. Crarke Evcé. Hist. 
1. (1654) 44 The spitefull Devil deadly pursuing him, 

In a manner resembling or suggesting death ; 
as if dead; without animation. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 18155 (Cott.) Paa waful wras sa dedli dim, 
All lighted lem pat come wit him. c 1430 Piler. Ly. 
Manhode 1, \xxxix. (1869) 50 Al dedliche [tout mornement] 
he answerde hire. 1594 SHaxs. Rich. ///, ut. vii. 26 They 
.- Star’d each on other, and look’d deadly pale. 1633 P. 
Fretcuer Purple Isl. vu. (R.), How comes it then, that in 
so near decay We deadly sleep in deep security? 1865 
Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. i, Seeming to turn deadly faint. 

4. To a fatal or extreme degree; ‘mortally’, 
‘to death’; extremely, excessively. col/og. 

lax Cursor M. 17225 (Cott.), I pat es sa dedli dill.) 
1589 PuttennaM Exg. Poesie ut. xviii. (Arb.) 205 He .. did 
..deadly belie the matter by his description. 1591 SPENSER 
Virg. Gnat 446 Judgement seates, whose Iudge is deadlie 
dred. 1688 Miscr /'7. Dict. s.v. Slow, He is deadly slow, 
alest furicusement long. 1703 Rowe Ulyss. Epil. 31 These 
Cups are pretty, but they’re deadly dear. 1809 Scorr Lev. 
to Southey 14 Jan. in Lockhart, In this deadly cold weather. 
1865 Trotiope Belton Est. ix. 102 It is so deadly dull. 
“e Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. xiii, We were deadly tired. 

. In a dead manner ; like a dead thing. rare. 
158r G. Pertie tr. Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 50 To 
fall deadlie to the grounde, as a bodie without breath. 
1 Moztey £ss. ie II. 126 There is a belief in the 
. “9 which is mere Bibliolatry, and. .rests deadly in a mere 

00 

+Dea‘'dman. Ots. =Dead man: formerly 
written and pronounced as one word. (Cf. Brinp- 
MAN.) Ods. exc. in names, as Deadman’s Walk. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 11504 (Cott.) A smerl 0 selcuth bitturnes, 
pat dedman cors wit smerld es. ¢ 1440 Gesta Romi. |xx. 387 
(Add. MS.) Atte derige of a dedeman that laye on the bere. 
16rx Suaks. Cymé, v. iii, 12 The strait passe was damm'd 
With deadmen. | ; 

Dead man is used in various fg. applications 
and combinations ; chiefly in Z/. 

1. pl. (dead men.) Empty bottles (at a drinking- 
bout, etc.). slang or collog. 

az17joo B. E. Dict. Cant, Crew, Dead-man, empty Pots or 
bottles ona Tavern-table. 1738 Swirt Polite Convers. 188 
Let him carry off the dead Men, as we say in the army 
(meaning the empty bottles). 1825 C. M. Westmacotr 
Eng. Spy 1, 151 The wine bin surrounded by a regiment of 
dead men. 1851 THACKERAY Eng. Hum. iii. (1876) 244 Fresh 
bottles were brought ; the ‘d men’..removed. 

2. slang. (See quot. 1873.) 

1764 Low Life 40 Journeymen Bakers..are casting up 
what Dead-Men they cheated their Masters of the past 
Week. 1819 Moore Yom Crib’s Mem. 16 (Farmer) Dead 
men are bakers, so called from the loaves falsely charged to 
their master’s customers. 1873 Slang Dict., Dead-man, 
abaker. Properly speaking, it is an extra loaf smuggled 
into the basket by the man who carries it out, to the loss of 
the master. Sometimes the dead-man is charged to a cus- 
tomer, though never delivered. 

3. Cards. A dummy at whist. . 

1786 Mackenzie in The Lounger No. 79 ? 13 As if one 
should. .sit down with three dead men at whist. 

4. Naut. (pl.) ‘The reef or gasket-ends care- 
lessly left dangling under the yard when the sail is 
furled, instead of being tucked in’ (Adm. Smyth). 

Dead men’s bells. A local name in Scotland 
for the Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea. 

1848 W. Garviner Flora Forfarshire 139 It is known to 


the peasantry by the name of ‘dead men’s bells’, 1853 G. 
Jounston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 157. 
+Dead man’s (men’s) eye(s. aut, Obs, 


= DEAD-EYE, 

1466 Mann. §& Househ. Exp. 214 A bolt for the stemme, 
also the closynge of dedemen yen. 1898 Forio, Morto.. 
a pullie in a ship called the dead man he. 1626 Carr. 
Smitu Accid. Yng, Seamen 15 Pullies, blockes, shiuers and 
dead mens eyes. 1706 Puittips (ed. Kersey), Dead-mens 
“yes (in a Ship), a kind- of little Blocks, or Pulle s, having 
many Holes, but no Shivers; wherein run small Ropes. 

Dead man’s (men’s) finger(s. 

1. A local name for various species of Orchis, 
properly those with palmate tubers, as O. maculata 
and /aéifolia; in Shaks. prob, the Early Purple 
Orchis, O. mascula. Also applied to Arum ma- 
culatum, Lotus corniculatus, and Alopecurus pra- 
tensts. (Britten & Holland.) 

1602 SHaxs. Ham. 1. vii. 173 Long Purples .. our cold 
Maids doe Dead Mens Fingers call them. 1853 G. Jounston 
Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 193 Orchis latifolia. ‘The root, from 
its shape, is sometimes called .. Dead-men’s-fingers. 

2. The zoophyte Alcyonium digitatum: = next 1. 

1860 Datias Nat, Hist. Anim, Kingd. 54. 1865 Gosse 
Year at Shore 73. 1872 Dana Corals 83. 


63 


8. The finger-like divisions of the branchiw or 
gills in a lobster or crab. 

1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 1x. xlv, 
In eating lobster—getting.. half a dozen of the dead man's 
fingers into your mouth, 

Dead man’s hand. 

1. A zoophyte, Alcyonium digitatum, forming 
lobed fleshy masses : see ALCYONIUM. 

1755 J. Evtis Corallines 83 Dead Man’s Hand or Dead 
Man’s Toes. This extraordinary Sea-production is indebted 
for the English name to the Fishermen, who often take it 
up in their Nets, when they are trawling for flat Fish. 1756 
Scu.osser in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 450 The alcyonium.. 
commonly called dead-man’s hand. 

2. a. A local name for Orchis maculata and 
O. mascula (cf. prec.1). b. Also for ‘Vephrodium 
Filix-mas, and some other ferns, from the appear- 
ance of the young fronds before they begin to open, 
resembling a closed fist’. e@. Also for the seaweed 
Tangle, Laminaria digitata. (Britten & Holl.) 

1853 G. Jounston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 193 Orchis macu- 
Jata .. Dead-man’s-hand. 

+Dead man’s head. Ols. A ‘death’s head’; 
a skull or figure of a skull. 

1557 Bury Wills (Camden) 146 My ringe with the dead 
manes head. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 66, 
I neuer meete the at fleshe nor at fishe, But I haue sure 
a deade mans head in my dishe. 

Dead man’s thumb. 

1. A local name for Orchzs mascula, from the 
shape of the tubers. (Cf. DEAD MAN’S FINGER I.) 

1652 Roxb. Ballads (Britten & Holland), Each flower .. 
Such as within the meddowes grew, As dead man’s thumbs 
and harebell blew [v.7.an hearball blew]. 1853 G. Jounston 
Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 193 From the colour and shape of the 
tuber the plant is called Dead-man’s thumb; and children 
tell one another, with mysterious awe, that the root was 
once the thumb of some unburied murderer, 

2. = DEAD MAN’S HAND I. 

1863 G. Rowe in Jxtel/. Observ. Sept. 84 The swelling 
lobes of the dead man’s thumb. 

+ Dead man’s toes. Od/s. = prec. 2. 

1755 [see DEAD MAN’S HAND 1]. _ 1786 J. Exuis Nat. Hist. 
Zoophytes 83 Round white eggs, like those described in the 
Alcyonium digitatum or Dead Man’s Toes. 

Deadness (de‘dnés). The condition or quality 
of being dead, in various senses: 1. i¢. 

1 Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1673) 481 To Pluto and to 
the Earth, they sacrificed black Sheep or Lambs, in token 
of deadnesse. @1716 Soutu Sev. VII. i. (R.), Cursing 
it [the barren fig-tree] to deadness with a word. 1764 WooL- 
coms in Phil, Trans. LX. 97 A numbness and deadness of 
his little .. finger. 188r Miss Yonce Lads & Lasses ii. 95 
The "he that..gets the creeping deadness in his bones. 

We". 

1611 Biste Rom. iv: 19 The deadnesse of Saraes wombe. 
¢ 1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 121 They Have blood- 
lesse cheekes, and deadnesse in their eyes. @ 1628 Preston 
Saints Daily Exerc. (1629) 74 What is aman to doe when 
hee findes a great indisposition to prayer .. a dulnesse, and 
deadnesse in him. 1642 Petition in Clarendon Hist. Red. 
iv. (1843) 165/2 By the deadness of trade. 1738 WesLEY 
Wks. (1872) 1. 162 Hence my deadness and wanderings in 
public prayer. 1749 Br. G. Lavincton Exthus. Methodists 
(u754) IL. 55 Spiritual Desertions, inward Deadnesses. 1883 

. DrumMonp Nat. Law in Spir. W. v. (1884) 160 The 
spiritual deadnéss of humanity. 

b. The state of being dead 40 something. 

1745 WESLEY Answ. Ch. 7 Your Deadness to the World. 
1786 Map. D’ArsBLay Diary 17 Sept., The deadness of the 
whole Court to talents and genius. 1858 BusHnett Nat. & 
Supernat, xiv, Deadness to God and all holy things. 

3. Want of some characteristic physical quality ; 
absence of lustre or colour, dullness; want of 
taste; flatness, insipidity, etc. 

1707-16 J. Mortimer (J.), Deadness or flatness in cyder. 
1785 Saran Fievpinc Ophelia I. xix, I had perceived. .dead- 
ness in the best complexions. 

Dead - nettle (de-djne:t’l). See also Dra- 
nETTLE. The English name for plants of the genus 
Lamium (N.O. Labiate), having leaves like those 
of a nettle, but which do not sting; esp. Z. album 
White Dead-nettle, and Z. purpureum Red Dead- 
nettle; also applied to Z, Galeobdolon (G. luteum) 
Yellow Dead-nettle or Archangel, and occasionally 
to species of Stachys or other labiates. 

I Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. cxciii. (1495) 730 Of 
netles is dowble kynde, one brennyth and bytyth, and 
another manere hyghte the deed nettyil or the blynde nettyll. 
1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. \xxxviii. 130 There be two kindes of 
Dead Nettel. The one. .smelleth but little, the other. .hath 
a strong and stinking sauour. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's 
Bot. iv. 43 The white dead-nettle.. has no affinity with 
nettles..except in the shape of the leaves. 1879 LusBock 
Sci. Lect, i, 1 The Common White Deadnettle, 

Dead oil: see Dean D. 2. 

+ Dead palsy, dea‘d-pa:lsy. Os. [Drap 
@.2a.] Palsy producing complete insensibility or 
immobility of the part affected. 

1592 CONSTABLE Son. 11. vii, Dead-palsey sicke of all my 
chiefest parts. 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. State v. vi. 382 
Now our Atheist hath a dead palsey, is past all sense. 1 
R. Peirce Bath Mem. 1.iv. 59 The “Huctanyéa, or half stroke 
Galety call’d the Dead Palsie, or Palsie of one Side). 1702 

'EPysS Corr. 405 About three weeks since, Sir R. Dutton 
was struck with the dead-palsy on his left side. He has re- 
covered the motion, though not the use, of his hand and foot. 
1712 Arsutunot ohn Bull 1. x, Frog was seized with 
a dead palsy in the tongue. 1761 Mars. F. SHERIDAN Sidney 
Bidulph U1. 217. 


DEAD WATER. 
+ Dead pay. Ods. [Cf. F. morte-paye.] 


1. Pay continued to a soldier, etc. no longer in 
active service ; a soldier receiving such pay. 

1585 T. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie mi. iv. 
76b, When these men. .can serve no longer in the warres.. 
they are sent as. .keepers of castles and towns, whom we do 
cal dead payes. 1611 Cotcr., Morte-fayes, Dead-payes ; 
Souldiers in ordinarie pay, for the gard of a fortresse, or 
frontier Towne, during their liues. 1685 F. Spence House 
of Medici 339 The citizens and Dead-payes nabb’d the 
French at unawares. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2196/1 Janisaries 
..that being Superannuated. .receive a dead Pay of somuch 
a day. 

2. Pay continued in the name of a soldier or 
sailor actually dead or discharged, and appropriated 
by the officer; a person in whose name such pay 
is drawn. (Cf. dead-share in Dean D. 2.) 

1865 CALFHILL Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 62 Like a cove- 
tous Captain will needs indent for a dead pay. 1627 Br. 
Hatt G#, /izpostor Wks. 507 Like to some vnfaithfull cap- 
taine that hath.. filled his purse with dead payes, and made 
vp the number of his companies with borrowed men. 1639 
MassincEer Unnat. Combat ww. ii, O you commanders That, 
like me, have no dead pays, nor can cozen The commissary 
ata muster, 1663 Perys Diary 13 Oct., The King..muster- 
ing the Guards the other day himself..found reason to dis- 
like their condition .. finding so many absent men, or dead 
pays. 1867 SmytH Sazlor's Word-bk., Dead-pay, that 
given formerly in shares, or for names borne, but for which 
no one appears. 

Dea‘d-point, dead point. Afech. [Deana. 
IV.] That position of a crank at which it is in 
a direct line with the connecting-rod, and at which 
therefore the force exerted tends to thrust or pull 
instead of turning the crank. 

1830 Kater & Larpn. Mech. xviii. 254 The cranks are so 
placed that when either is at its dead point, the other is in 
its most favourable position, 1875 R. F. Martintr. Havrez’ 
Winding Mach. 72 One piston is on the dead point, and, 
therefore, the other one alone must turn the engine round. 

Dead reckoning. Nau/. [Deapa.V.] The 
estimation of a ship’s position from the distance 
run by the log and the courses steered by the com- 
pass, with corrections for current, leeway, etc., but 
without astronomical observations. Hence dead 
LATITUDE (q. v.), that computed by dead reckon- 
ing. 

1613 M. Riptey Magn. Bodies 147 Keeping a true, not 
a dead reckoning of his course. 1760 PEMBERTON in Phi/. 
Trans. LI. g1t The latitude exhibited by the dead reckon- 
ing of the ship, 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast xxxii. 124 We 
had drifted too much to allow of our dead reckoning being 
anywhere near the mark. 1891 Nature 3 Sept., ‘The log, 
which for the first time enabled the mariner to carry out his 
dead-reckoning with confidence, is first described in Bourne’s 
‘Regiment for the Sea’, which was published in 1577. 
Jig. 1868 Lowett Witchcraft Prose Wks. 1890 II. 372 ‘Vhe 
mind, when it sails by dead reckoning. . will sometimes bring 
up in strange latitudes, 

Dead Sea. [transl. L. mare mortuum, Gr. 
) vexpa Oddacoa (Aristotle). By the Grecks and 
Romans the same name was given also to the 
Arctic Ocean in the North of Europe: ? as devoid 
of the presence of life, or of motion, currents, etc.] 

The lake or inland sea in the south of Palestine, 
into which the Jordan flows; it has no outlet, and 
its waters are intensely salt and bitter. 

c 1250 Genesis & Exod. 1123 De swarte flum, de dede se. - 
c1325 EZ. £. Allit. P. B. 1020 Per faure citees wern set, 
nov Is a seé called, Pat ay is drouy and dym, and ded in hit 
kynde, Blo, blubrande, and blak .. Forpy pe derk dede see 
hit isdemed. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 105 (Matz.) 
Iudea..hab in be soube side pe dede Se. 1559 W. CuNNING- 
HAM Cosmogr. Glasse 144 It is also called the dead sea, 
because the water moveth not..nether can..any fishe live 
there. 1825 J. Neat Bro. Yonathan Il. 350 Deader than 
the dead-sea itself. 

b. attrid., as in Dead Sea apple, Dead Sea 
fruit = Apple of Sodom: see APPLE 3. 

1868 Miss Brappon (¢7¢/e), Dead Sea Fruit. 1869 xg. 
Mech. 24 Dec. 354/1 Dead Sea apples, Sodom apples, or mad 
apples. .are occasionally imported from Bussorah. 1882 The 
Garden 1 Apr. 220/1 The Asclepias above alluded to is what 
has been called the Dead Sea Fruit. 1883 L. WincFiELD 
A. Rowe III. vi. 119 The baked meats were Dead Sea fruit, 
and stuck in her throat. 

Dead set: see Set sd. 

Dead-thraw (-throw), Sc. ff. DEATH-THROE. 

Dea‘d-to e. A-name forthe umbelliferous 
plant @nanthe crocata, from its paralysing effect 
on the organs of speech. 

1688 T, Lawson Let. in Ray’s Corr. (1848) 205 Gnanthe 
Cicute-Jacie..about Kendal and Hiltondale, Westmoreland, 
.. Where it is commonly called Dead Tongue. _ 17 
Watson in PAil. Trans. XLIV. 233 This Oenanthe in 
Cumberland, where the Country-People call it Dead 
Ton: 1878 Cumbrid. Gloss., Deed tongue, the water 
hemlock or dropwort plant, Gixanthe crocata. 

Dead water, dead-water. [Dean a. 22.] 

1. Water without any current ; still water. 

160r HoLtanp Péiny I, 240 A standing poole or dead water. 
1691 T. H[ace] Acc. New Jnvent. 122 Its broad side lying 
to the Wind in dead water. 1874 Burnanp My Time xxii, 
197 We pulled in. .and made for a quiet nook in dead-water. 

attrib, 1792 J. Puwurs Hist, Inland Navig. Add. (1795) 
29 The advantages of a dead-water navigation. 


2. Naut, The eddy water just behind the stern of 
a ship under way. 
1627 Cart, SmitH Seaman's Gram. ix. 42 Dead water is 


DEAD WEIGHT. 


the Eddie water followes the sterne of the ship, not ing 
away so ey se slides by her sides. c 1850 Rudim. 
Navig. (Weale 114 Vessels with a round buttock have but 
little or no dead-water. 

3. The stillest state of the tide, when the rise 
and fall are at a minimum; the neap tide. (Cf. 
DEAD a. 27.) 


186r Even Arte Nauig. u. xviii. 50 Whiche the Mariners 
call nepe tydes..dead waters, or lowe fluddes. 


Dead weight, dea‘d-weight. [Dxap a. 


29.] 

i The heavy unrelieved weight of an inert body. 
(Ht. and fig.) 

1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxiii. 238 When the 
Sucker came to be moved onely with a dead weight or 
pressure. 1 Savery Miner's Friend 81 The Moving 
Cause, as Mens Hands, Horses, or Dead Weight. | 1711 
Suarress. Charac. 1. iii. (1737) 1. 67 Pedantry and Bigotry 
are Mill-stones able to sink he best Book which carries the 
least ert of their dead weight. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. 
xlvi, Mrs. Gamp. .forced him backwards down the stairs by 
the mere oppression of her dead-weight. 

b. dechn. (See quots.) 

1858 Simmonps Dict, Trade, Dead Weight, heavy mer- 
chandise forming part of a ship’s cargo. 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Dead weight, a vessel's lading when it 
consists of heavy goods, but particularly such as pay freight 
according to their weight and not their stowage. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-weight, the weight of the vehicle 
of any kind; that which must be transported in addition to 
theload. 1881 Lussock in Nature No. 618. 412 The saving 
in dead weight, by this improvement alone, is from 10 to 16 
per cent. 


2. A heavy inert weight ; fig. a heavy weight or | 


burden pressing with unrelieved force upon a per- 
son, institution, etc. 

172t De For Mem. Cavalier ee) 282 The Scots ..were 
always the dead weight upon the king’s affairs. 1785 C. 
‘Tuomas in Med. Commun. 11.79 A lump or dead weight, 
as he termed it, in his inside. 1 A. Younc 7?¥av. France 
113 His character is a dead weight upon him. 1822 Haz- 
Litt Table-t., Convers. of Lords (1852) 242 We not only 
deter the student from the attempt, but lay a dead-weight 
upon the imagination. 1876 F. E. Trottore Charming 
Fellow U1. xviii. 229 It was extremely exhilarating. .to find 
himself free. .of the dead weight of debt. 

+3. ‘A name given to an advance by the Bank 
of England to Government on account of the half- 
pay and pensions of the retired officers of the Army 
and Navy’ (Simmonds Dict. 7rade). Obs. 

The debt was paid off by an annuity which ceased in 1867. 

1823 Consett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 320 The six hundred 
millions of Debt and the hundred and fifty millions of dead- 
weight. 1826 J. Hume in Hansard XVI. 184-5 The year 
1822, when Mr. Vansittart brought before parliament the 
notable expedient to pay for the dead-weight..The country 
were induced to believe, that in forty-four years the whole 
of the dead-weight would be annihilated by the gradual 
decrement, by death, of the persons to whom the allowances 
out of it were payable. 1827 Gentd. Mag. XCVII. 1. 13 
Placed on the superannuation or dead weight list. 


Dead well, dea'd-we'll. [Dean a. 15, 22.] 

1. A well dug down into a porous stratum, to 
carry off surface or refuse water : called also adsorb- 
ing well, dumb well. Cf. dead-hole (DEAD a. D. 2). 

1852-61 Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict. 1. 5 In some parts of 
England absorbing wells are known under the name of 
dead wells. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II. 10 Dead wells, wells 
which are made to carry off refuse waters. | a 

2. A ‘well’ or excavation into which the weights 
of a large clock descend. 

1867 Muscrave Nooks § Corners Old Fr. 1. 261 A ‘dead 
well * ofsome twenty feet depth, which used to receive the 
descending weights of a great clock. 

Dead wood, dea'd-wood. 

1. Wood dead upon the tree ; the dead branches 
of fruit-trees, or the like ; hence jig. 

To get, have, possess the deadavood (U.S. slang); to have 
one at a disadvantage, secure the advantage. 3 

1872 C. Kinc Mountain Sierra Nev. x. 211 He considered 
himself to possess the ‘ dead-wood ’. | F 

2. Naut. Solid blocks of timber fastened just 
above the keel at each end of the ship, to strengthen 


those parts. do T 

1727-52 Cuampers Cyci. s.v. Ship (Plate) e rising or 
Dead Wood. I Farconer Dict. Marine (1789), It de- 
termines the heighth of the dead-wood, afore and abaft. 
1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 187/2 The deadwood, stem- 
son, and other ewehemogs: 

attrib. 1792 Trans. Soc, Encourag. Arts X. 225To draw 
the Kelson and dead-wood bolts out. 1867 Smytu Sailor's 
Word-bk., Dead-2vood knees, the upper foremost and after- 
most pieces of dead wood. 

Dea‘d-work, dead work. 

+1. Naut. (See gects) Obs. 

1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxi. 75 Together with 
all the dead works, as the cabins and galleries without. 
1769 Fauconer Dict. Marine (1789), Dead-work, all that 
part of a ship which is above water when she is laden. 
¢1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 154 Supernatant part of the 
ship, that part which, when t, is above the water; 
anciently expressed by the name of dead-work. 

2. Mining. Work not directly productive, but 
done in preparation for future work. 

of R. B. Smytu Goldfields of Victoria 609 Dead- 
work, the up or prep work for mining by 
sinking shafts and winzes, drivin teveis and cross-cuts. 
1872 Rayvmonp Statist. Mines 60 will. .save the ex- 
pense of timbering, and much ‘dead work’ in prospecting. 

3. Work in hand, not finished. 

* 3888 Chicago Inter-Ocean (Farmer), To-night the joint 


| for this eare is deafe. 


64 
cron _— ne circular ee men to awit 
eve! ing but work. ily News 23 May 
(Pailors Strike) Another man declared .. that they should 
refuse to touch any of their ‘dead ' (i. e., work in hand) until 
the strike was over,] : 

Deady (dedi). s/ang. A name for gin, or for 
a apn pal quality of gin. 

{So called app. from the name of the distiller. The London 
Directory for 1812 has D. Deady, Distiller and Brandy- 
merchant, Sol’s Row, Tottenham Court Rd.] - 

[1812 Sorting Mag. XXXIX. 138 At a public house 
where Sam had been copiously sipping Deady’s max.] 1819 
T. Moore Tom Crib’s Mem. Congress App., To quaff Our 
Deady o'er some State Affairs. @1843 Soutuey Doctor 
Interchapter xvi. (D.), Some of the whole-hoggery in the 
House of Commons he would designate by Deady, or Wet 
and Heavy; some by weak tea, others by lue-Ruin. 

De-aerate: see De- Il. 1. 

Deaf (def), z. Forms: 1-3 deaf, Orm. def, 
(2-3 pi. deaue), 3-6 def, (3-5 f/. deue, 4 Ayenb. 
dyaf, dyaue, dyeaue), 4-5 deef(f, (//. deeue), 
4-6 defe, (deff(e, 5 deif, deyf(fe), 6 deefe, deaffe, 
(Se. deifif), 6-7 deafe, 7- deaf. [A Common 
Teutonic adj.: OE. déaf= OF ris. daf (WFris. doap), 
OS. dif (MDu., Du., MLG. doof (v), LG. dof), 
OHG. foup (6), (MHG. toup, Ger. taub), ON. 
daufr (Sw. dif, Da. div), Goth. daufs (b) :—OTeut. 
*/aud-oz, from an ablaut stem deubd-, daubd-, dud, 
pre-Teut. dheubh-, to be dull or obtuse of percep- 
tion: cf. Goth. afdaubnan to grow dull or obtuse, 
also Gr. tupdAds (—Oup-) blind. The original 
diphthong remains in north. dial.; in standard 
Eng. the vowel was long until the modern period, 
and go late as 1717-8 it was rimed with relief by 
Prior and Watts ; the pronunciation (d7f) is still 
widely diffused dialectally, and in the United States. 

In many Eng. dialects the ea is still diphthongal, deea/] 

1. Lacking, or dcicctive in, the sense of hearing. 
c 82g lesp. Psalter xxxviili].14 Swe swe deaf ic ne ge[herde]. 
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 129 Alse to deue men. ¢ 1200 
Ormtn 15500 Dumbe menn & dafe. a1225 St. Marher.20 
Noder dumbe ne deaf. cr Cuaucer Pol. 446 But she 
was somdel deef [v.”. def, defe] and pat was scathe. 1398 
Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. cles evin. (=491729 Vynegre 
helpith deyf eeres. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 115 Deffe, surdus. 
1538 Starkey England 212 As you wold tel a tale to adeffe 
man, x60r Suaks. Fz. C. 1. ii. 213 Come on my right hand, 
1717 Prior Alma n, 366 Till death 
shall bring the kind relief, We must be patient, or be deaf. 
1718 Watts Ps. cxxxv. 7 Blind are their eyes, their ears are 
deaf [rime relief]. 1818 Scotr Hrt. Midl. xxxv, You know 
our good Lady Suffolk is a little deaf. 1871 B. Taytor 
Faust (1875) IL. 1. i. 5 In the rocks beneath the leaf, If it 


| strikes you, you are deaf, 


b. aésol., esp. in pl. the deaf, deaf people. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 5 Blinde zeseop. .deafe Ze- 
hyrap. ¢ 1200 Vices § Virtues (1888) 75 pe blinde, de dumbe, 
de deaue, Se halte. 1300 Cursor M. 13107 (Cott.) Pe def 
has hering, blind has sight. 1611 Biste /sa. xxxv. 5 Then 
..the eares of the deafe shalbe vnstopped. 1855 BrowninG 
Master Hugues xxvi, Who thinks Hugues wrote for the 
deaf?..try again; what’s the clef? 

ec. fig. said of things. 

ax000 Fuliana 150 Pat ic..dumbum and deafum deofol- 
zieldum. .gaful onhate. 1605 SHaxs. Macé. v. i. 81 Infected 
mindes To their deafe pillowes will discharge their secrets. 
1821 SHELLEY / Seay si 
heard my agony? 

d. Proverbial | pele As deaf as an adder or a@ 
post (formerly and still dialectally as deaf as a door, 
door-post, door-nail, etc.) ; none so deaf as those who 
won't hear. (Deafness is attributed in the Bible, 
Ps, lviii. 5, to the adder (= fethen the asp); cf. 
the name deaf-adder in 7.) : 

[a 1400-g0 Alexander 4747 Dom as a dore-nayle & defe 
was he bathe.] _ 1551 Crowiry Pleas. § Pain 93 Ye deafe 
dorepostis, coulde By not heare? 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. & 
Epfigr. (1867) 143 Who is so deafe, as he that will not heare. 
I Breton Mis. Mavillia Wks. (Grosart) 49 (D.) He isas 
deafe asadoore. 1611 Cotcr., Sourd comme vn tapis, as 
deafe as a doore-nayle (say we’. @ 1693 Urquuart adelais 
1. xxxiv, He was as deaf asa Door-nail. 1824 Bentuam Bh. 
of Fallacies Wks. 1843 11. 412 None are so comeey, 

eaf as those who will not hear. a@ 184g Hoop 7 ale of 
Trumpet iv, She was deaf as a post .. And as deaf 
twenty similes more, Including the adder, that deafest of 
snakes. 

[c82g Vesp. Ps. lvii. 4 (5) Swe nedran deafe. 1 
Coverp. bl Like the deaf ‘Adder that stoppeth hir Pam | 

e. Deaf and dumb: also used adsol, (= Dear- 
mute) and thence attri}., as ‘a deaf-and-dumb 
alphabet’. 

1225 Ancr. R, 108 Ich heold meal stille .. ase dumbe & 
deaf d naued non onswere. c1400 Destr, Troy 4281 
pot it defe were & doumbe, dede as a ston. TR ¢: 
Srrapuine Divine Poems wm. xlvi. 96 The deaf-and-dum! 
he made to heare and speake. 1669 Hover Elem. Speech 
App. 114 Now as to the most general case of those who are 
deaf and dumb, I say they are dumb by consequence from 
theirdeafness. 1774 Jounson West. /s/. Wks. X. 520 There 
is .. in Edinb .. a college of the deaf and dumb, = 
Tytor Early Hist. Man, i. 17 The real deaf-and-dum' 
language of signs. } 

f. In restricted sense: Insensible /o certain kinds 
of sounds, musical rhythm, etc. 

1784 Cowrer Task vi. 646 Deaf as the dead to harmony. 
r YNDALL Glac. 1. Xxili. 167 A world of sounds to which 
I had been before quite deaf. 1870 Lowet Study Wind. 
(1886) 241 His remarks upon versification are .. instructive 
to whoever is not rhythm-deaf. 


Unb, 1. 29 Have its deaf waves not , 


“DEAF. 


2. fig. Not giving ear ; unwi 
inattentive. Const. /o (+ a). 
deaf ear Sey, 

R. Guouc, (Rolls) 7220 Hii bep deue & blinde iwys, 
pat hii nollep non yhure ne yse. 1393 Lane. P. 
Pi. C, xu. 61 For god is def now a dayes nouht 
to hu ©1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. ~ 1494) 
11. xxii, deef ere to hem ast pou herde hem not, 
1548 Upatt, etc. Zrasm. Par. Matt. tii. 30 Mankinde was 
in a manner deaffe at the law of nature. Suaxs. Timon 
1. ii. 257 Oh that mens eares should be To Counsell deafe, 
tar beth gene ENN is te dest at ey pagers: 
t t re itty to at my 
1710-11 Swift Fru Stetha 7 Feb., I was deaf to all intrea- 
ties. c1780 Burns Duncan Gray, Duncan fleech’d and 
Duncan pray’d ; Meg was deaf as Ailsa Craig. 1838 Txrec- 
WALL Greece II. xiii. 167 They were deaf to his summons. 
1887 R. N. Carey Uncle Max xxvi. 207, 1 prudently turned 
a deaf ear to this question. 

+3. Dull, stupid; absurd. Oés. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 116 Deffe, or dulle (K. defte, H. P. 
deft), obtusus, agrestis. 1482 in Eng.Gilds (1870) 315 Tailors’, 
Exeter, Callenge hym knaffe, or , OF fe, Or any 
yoder mysname. 1541 R. CorLanp Gadyen's Terapeutyke 
2 Bivb, Otherwyse it shulde be a deafe thynge that y° 
thynge whiche is no more beynge shulde requyre curacyon. 

+4. Numb, without sensation. Ods. rare. 

1g.. L. Anprew Noble Lyfe m. xcii. in Babees Bk. 239 
Torpido is a fisshe, but who-so handeleth hym shalbe lame 
& defe of lymmes, that he shall fele no ba 

+5. Of sounds: So dull as to be hardly or indis- 
Cf. F. bruit sourd.) 

e deaf and confused 
. Browne Polex. 1. 106 


to hear or heed, 
rase. fo turn a@ 


1637 Rutuerrorp Lett. (1862) I. pt: I live upon no deaf 

nuts, as we use to § see 1 Scorr 

Let. to C. K. Sharpe 30 Dec. in The appoint- 

ments .. are £ sd a year—no deaf nuts. _ 1858 De Quincey 

Autobiog. Sk. Wks. 1. 88 A blank day, yielding absolutely 

nothing—what children call a deaf nut, offering no kernel. 
+c. ~~ arch =blind arch. Ods. rare. 

1815 Ann. Reg. Chron. 43 In one of the deaf Arches, im- 

liately adjoining the dle arch of the bridge. 

7. Comb., etc., as deaf-eared, +-minded adjs. ; 
deaf-adder [cf. 1 d], a local name in England for 
the slow-worm or blind-worm, in U.S. for certain 
snakes supposed to be venomous ; deaf-dumb = 
DEAF- MUTE; deaf-dumbness, dumbness or 
aphonia arising from deafness; deaf-ear, (a) = 
AURICLE 3; + (0) a cotyledon or seed-leaf of some 
plants ; deaf-nettle = DEAD-NETTLE, 

1806 Potwnete /ist. Cornwall VIL. yyy have a kind 


hich we call the i : itis worm 
‘s * Ney TS 


nosed snake .. Other names ‘ew York are q 
Adder and Buckwheat-nosed Adder. Goop Study 
Med. (ed. 4) 1. 423 A. *deaf-dumb boy. /did. 421 The extent 
of Knowledge .. which the deaf-dumb have occas’ 

exhibited. Zéid. 418 Aphonia Si _*Deaf-dumb: 
ness. 1883 B. W. Ricnarvson Field of Disease vi. 262 


Deaf Iting .. from actual disease, or from deaf- 
pests 36 CROOK Body of Man 374 At the Basis of 
the heart on either side han an appendixe .. which is 


called the Eare, not from any profite, Action or vse it 
Galen 


ine..is recei the right deafe-eare. 1796 
Mas. Grasses C v.68 Wash a large beast's clean, 
and cut off the Fears. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict, s.v. 


mind they 
which are 
Parv. 116 *Deffe net 
Gabelhouer’s Bh. Phy: 
Deaf ( v. 
6 Sc. deif(f, 6-7 deeff(e, deafe, deaff, 7- deaf. 
[f. Dear a.; or an assimilation of the earlier 
Deave 2. to the form of the adj.] 
+1. intr. Po iene eairece. 4 
Patscr. , I deefe, I begyn to wante my hearing. 
rans, ‘To make deaf, to deafen. 


; 
{ 
: 
; 
; 
j 


DEAFEN. 


¢ 1460 Towneley Myst. 3x4 Then deffes hym with dyn the 
bellys of the kyrke When thai clatter. 1530 PAtsGr, 5009/2 
Thou deeffest me with th eng soloude. 1595 SHaks. 
Yohn u. i, 147 What cracker is this same that deafes our 
eares With this abundance of superfluous breath? 1697 
Drypen Aineid vu. 130 A swarm of thin aérial shapes 
appears, And, flutt’ring round his temples, deafs his ears. 
1728 Vansr. & Cis. Prov. Hush. u.i, Lord! this Boy is 
enough to deaf People. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Deeaf, to 
deafen with noise. 


b. FE. and transf. 

1596 pGE Marg. Amer. 7 Then marched forth ech 
squadron, deaffing the aire with their cries. 1615 T. ADAMS 
Blacke Devill 13 Yet still [he] deafes himselfe to the cry of 
his owne conscience. 1637 Nasses Microcosm. in Dodsley 
IX. 127 If she urge Those accusations, deaf thy under- 
parry Arig her sug estions. 182x Byron Heav. & Earth 
iii. 283 No more.. their last cries shall shake the 
Almighty urpose, Or deaf obedient ocean, which fulfils it. 

3. To drown (a sound) wth a louder sound. 

1640 G. Assotr ¥ob Paraphr. xxxix. 251 Deafing their 
noise .. with his loud and daring neighings. 18zr CLare 
Vill. Minstr. 11. 95 The birds... Were often deaf'd to silence 
with her song. 

Hence Dea‘fing v0/. sb. and ffl. a. 

1612 Two Noble Kinsm. v. iii. 9 "Gainst the which there 
is No deafing but to hear. 1647 H. More Poems, Oracle 
39 The deafing surges, that with rage do boyl. 

Deafen (de‘f'n),v. Also 7 deaffen. [f. Dear 
a.: see -EN sufix5, A later synonym of prec.] 

1. trans. To make deaf, to deprive of the power 
of hearing ; to stun with noise. Also fig. 

1597 [see DEAFENING Af/. a. 1]. 1611 CotGr., Assourdir, 
to deafen, or make deafe. 1634 Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 

9 We beginne To live in silence, when the noyse oth’ 
Bench Not deafens Westminster. 1717 Lapy M. W. 
Montacu Le?¢t. 1 Jan., Hunting horns..that almost deafen 
the Company. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 269 Racine 
left the g: d..deafened, dazzled, and tired to death. 

2. To render (a sound) inaudible; to drown dy 
a louder sound. 

1823 Cuatmers Sern. I. v. 126 With whom the Voice of 
God is therefore deafened by the voice and testimony of men, 
1827 Coorer Prairie I. vii. 102, I tarried till the mouths of 
my hounds were deafened by the blows of the chopper. 

3. Building. 'To make (a floor or partition) im- 
pervious to sound by means of pugging. Hence 
Dea‘fening vé/. sb., material used for this purpose, 
pugging ; deafening-board, a board fixed between 
floor-joints to prevent sound from passing through 


the floor. 

c1814 T. Somervitte Life (1861) 337 Few of the floors 
were deafened or plastered. 1839 M. Larever Mod. Archit. 
111 Strips nailed on the sides of the beams, to support 
the dea! acing board. 1864 Glasgow Herald g Apr., The 
heavy load of earth which has been put in for deafening. 

+4. intr. To become deaf. Ods. rare. 

1680 [see DEAFENING 2]. 

Hence Dea‘fened //. a. 

1608 Suaks. Per. v. i. 47 She.. with her sweet harmonie 
..would..make a battrie through his deafend parts. 1678 
Dryven & Lee Gdipus u. Wks. (1883) V1. 172 Methinks 
my deafened ears Are burst. 

Deafe: (de'f’nin), Af7. a. [-1NG 2.] 

1. That deafens or stuns with noise. 

1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V, 11. i. 24 With deaff’ning Clamors, 
1 Mitton P. Z. 11. 520 All the host of Hell With deaf- 
ning shout return’d them loud acclaim. x Cowrer /liad 
1x. 714 The tumult and the deaf’ning din of war. 1858 
Frouve Hist. Eng. U1. 498 The deafening storm of de- 
nunciation which burst out. 

+2. Becoming deaf. Obs. rare. 

1680 Eart Roscom. Poems (1780) 81 Music no more 
delights our deaf’ning ears, 

Hence Dea‘feningly adv., ina deafening manner. 

1827 Hare Guesses (1859) 326 And beat it they do deafen- 
ingly, at every corner of a street. 

affe, obs. form of Dear. 

De-afforest (diifp-rést), v. [ad. med.L. de- 
afforest-are see DxE- pref. II. 1 and AFForEsT v.] 
= DISAFFOREST. 

1640 Act 16 Chas. I, c.16§5 The grounds Territories or 
places which have beene or are Deafforrested. 1670 BLounT 
Law Dict., De-afforested, that is discharged from being 
Forest ; or, that is freed and exempted from the Forest- 
Laws. 1839 Battey Festus xix. (1848) 208 The paradise 
Initiate of the soul. .that pleasant place, Erst deafforested. 

So De-affo:resta‘tion = DISAFFORESTATION. 

1659 Anc. Land-Mark betw. Prince & People 15 [They] 

rocured many deafforrestations for the people. 1671 F. 

HILLIPS Reg. Necess. 498 Their many deafforrestations. 

+ Dea‘flhead. Os. [See -HEAD.] Deafness. 

1350 in Archaeol. XXX. 351 For defhed of hed & for 


dul herynge. 

Deafish (de'fif), a. [f. Dzar a.+-1sH.] Some- 
what deaf. 

161 CotGr., Sourdastre, deafish, thicke of hearing. 1664 
Corton Scarron. 1v. (1741) 85 For still thou deafish art to’t. 
1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon, (1801) II. 443 Ether dropped into 
the ears of some denfish people. 

Deafly (de'fli), adv. [f. as prec. + -tx2.] In 
a deaf manner; a. Without hearing (/i7. and fig.); 
b. Dully, indistinctly ; ‘ obscurely to the ear? (J.). 

cr R. Brunne Chron. Wace 5236 Bot Iulius Cesar 
wold hym nought here; fful deflike [v. 7. defly] herde 
he his preyere. 1 Hutoet, Deaflye, suvde. 1626 T. 
H[{awkxins] Caussin’s Holy Crt. 36 They might — ) 
deafly attend deuotion in the silence of a little family. 827 
Pottox Course T, 1, 1022 Blindly, deafly, obstinate. a 1861 
Ctovcn Misc. Poems, Uranus 21 Deafly heard Were 


hauntings dim of old astrologies, 
VoL, III. 


65 


‘| Deafly deep. Of uncertain meaning. With quot. 
1400 cf. devely, DEVILY a, 

¢ 1400 Sowdone Bab, 265 The Dikes were so develye depe, 
Thai helde hem selfe Chek-mate. 1605 SyLvesTER Du 
Bartas i. iii. 1v. (1641) 184/2 Rivers the most deafly-deep. 

Deafly, var. form of DEAVELY a. 

Deaf-mute, @., sd. [After F. sourd-muet.] 
a. Deafanddumb. b. One who is deaf and dumb, 

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 322/2 s.v. Deaf and Dumb, In 
all these conditions of deafness, the person is consequently 
mute, or dumb, Hence the expression Deaf-Mute, as used 
in the continental languages, and Deaf and Dumb, as used 
in England and America. 1865 New Syd. Soc. Year-Bk. 
for 1864. 479 A deaf-mute child. 188x H. James Portr. 
Lady xxv, He might as well address her in the deaf-mute’s 
alphabet. 

Hence Dea‘f-mu‘teness, 
condition of a deaf-mute. 

1874 H. R. Reynotps Yohn Baft. ii. 109 The deaf-mute- 
ness of Zacharias, 1865 New Syd. Soc. Year-Bk. for 1864. 

18 Congenital deaf-mutism. 1874 Roosa Dis. Ear 515 

eaf-muteism is caused by diseases of the middle and in- 
ternal ears. 1884 A. J. Extis in Athengum 12 Jan. 55/2 
This art [of lip-reading], the keystone of the modern bridge 
from deaf-mutism to deaf sociality. 

Deafness (de‘fnés). For forms see Dar a. 
[See -nEss.] The state or condition of being deaf. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. v. xii. (1495) 117 Yf colera be 
wasted in deyf men, deifnes is taken = c 1440 Promp. 
Parv. 116 Deffenesse, surditas, 1610 SHaks. Zem7p. 1. Li. 
106 Your tale, Sir, would cure deafenesse. 1682 J. Norris 
Hverocles 138 The blindness and deafness of those Souls 
which fall into Vice. 1860 TYNDALL G/ac. 1. xxiii. 167 The 
deafness was es due to a strain of the tympanum. 

Deaken, -on, deakne, obs. ff. DEAcon. 

Deal (dil), 54.1 Forms: 1-3 dl, (1 dael), 
3-6 del, 4-5 deel, delle, 4-6 dell, 4-7 dele, 5 
deyll, 5-6 deele, deill(e, 6 deyle, (daill), 5-7 
deale, 6 deall, 6- deal. [A common Teut. sb. : 
OE. d#/, corresp. to OFris. dé/, OS. dé? (MDu., 
Du. deel, MLG. del, deil, LG. deel, dél), OHG., 
MHG.,, mod.G. ¢e7/, Goth. daz/-s:—OTeut. *daz/i-:: 
ef. Lith. dalis, OSlav. dé part, délit? to divide. 
Beside the form d#/ (with # umlaut of ¢=OTeut. 
at), OE. had also, without umlaut, dé/, whence 
Dots and DaLE?.] 

I. A part, portion, amount. 

+1. A part or division of a whole; a portion, 
fraction, section. Ods. 

a 800 Corpus Gloss. 548 Conpetentes portiunculas, zelim- 
plice daele. c888 K. ALFRED Boeth. xxxiii. § 2 Hi..heora 
god on swa manize dzlas todelap. c 1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt. 
xxvii, 51 Das temples wah-ryft weard tosliten on twe3zen 
dzlas. cx12og Lay. 21125 He a fif dele dzlde his ferde. 
1340 Ayenb, 164 Pe filozofes .. to-delden pise uirtues ine zix 
deles, 1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xiv. iii. (1495) 469 
Monteynes .. passe vpwarde aboue the other deale of the 
londe. c1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Dele, or parte, porcio. 
1594 Carew Zasso (1881) 9 He ceast, and vanisht flew to 
th’ vpper deale, And purest portion of the heauenly seat. 

+b. With an ordinal number, expressing an 
aliquot part of the whole. See also HALF-DEAL. 

971 Blickl. Hom, 35 We sceolan.. de ott sage teoban dzl 
ure worldspeda. c¢ 1205 Lay. 3019 Pea pridde del of mine 
londe. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 1284 Pe furpe del of a furlong. 
1393 Gower Conf. II. 198 Be so that he the halve dele Hem 
graunt. c1430 7'wo Cookery-bks. 21 Take pe to del 30lkys 
of e770m be ridde dele Hony. 1 Act 26 Hen. VI/1, 
c. 3 § 23 The moitie and halfe deale of euery suche pension. 
1535 CoverDALE Lev. xiv. 10 Thre tenth deales of fyne 
floure. 160r Hottanp Pliny vu. 1, A good moity and halfe 
deale thereof. 16x Biste Nu, xv. 9, A meate offering of 
three tenth deales of flowre. 1737 Wuiston ¥Yosephus’ 
Antig. m1. x § 5 The --bring one tenth deal to the altar. 

+c. With indefinite and distributive numerals, 
as a, each, every, never a, no, some, etc. See also 
EVERY-DEAL, SOME-DEAL, etc. Ods. or arch. 

¢1200 OrmIN 1720 All wass it filledd iwhillc del Purh 
Crist i Cristess time. @ 1300 Cursor M. 20276 (Cott.) O pine 
ne sal i thol na dele. ¢1384 CHaucer H, Fame 1. 331 
Suche godelyhede In — and neuer a dele of cantbe 
15.. Merline 896 in Furniv. Percy Folio 450 That this 
woman hath told eche deale, certez I beleeue itt weele. 
1531 Eryot Gov. 1. xx, The straunge kynge .. understode 
euery dele of the mater. [1870 MaGnusson & Morris 
Volsunga Saga 67 Then Sigurd ate some deal of Fafnir's 
heart, x . Payne 1001 Nights 1X. 166 Moreover, they 
ate not anydele of the food that remained in the tray.] 

+d. With other, and comparative words, as 
more, most, less, better, and the like, distinguishing 
one of two parts, or a part from the remainder. 
The other deal: the other part, the rest, the re- 
mainder. Zhe better deal (fig.): the superiority, 
the better. or the most deal: for the most part, 
mostly, on most occasions. Ods. 

1258 Eng. Proclam, Hen, III (Trans, Philol. Soc. 
1868/9, 19), Vre redesmen alle, oper pe moare dal of heom, 


Dea‘f-mu‘tism, the 


1297 Louc. (Rolls) 7582 Pe mestedel of heyemen .. Beb 
icome of pe Normans. expe Sir Ferumb, He..ne 
a-3en no man ne tok querel..pat he ne hadde betere 
deel. 1, TREVISA 


igden (Rolls) II. “3 Now for 
moste deel he fleeb mannys siz3t. 1398 — Barth de P. R. 
v. i. (Tollem. MS.), Pey beb greuous age dele of be body 
[residuo corporis). ax. Alexander 5568 dre3est 
deele of paim died of his dukis handis. 1447 BokKENHAM 
Seyntys (Roxb.) 164 Whan she hys feet anoyntyd had weel 
> gig ys heed she poryd the tothir deel. 1481 Caxton 
Ceyserd, xvi. (Arb.) 35 He made it so that he had the beste 
dele, I not halfe my parte. cxsxx 1st Eng. Bk, Amer. 
(Arb.) Introd. 30/1 Wherof ye moost deyle is. .kyt of of the 


DEAL. 


holy Romes chyrche. 1872 BossEwELt Armorie u. 53 b, 
All the other deale of his body hathe the fourme of a fing 
hounde. 

te. By the tenth deal: ten-fold; by a thousand 
deal; a thousandfold. Apparently an erroneous 
use originating in negative expressions where it 
means ‘not by the tenth or thousandth part’ (see 
quot. 1400). 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 261 If bei now powere 
had of vs, wite 3e wele, Streiter we suld be lad bi be tend 
dele. ¢1384 Cuaucer 17, Fame 1. 405 Woxen on high.. 
Wel more be a thousande dele Than hyt was erst. ¢ 1400 
Rom. Rose 1074 In this world is noone it lyche, Ne by 
a thousand deelle so riche. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 31 
Then was it better doe than is nowe. .by athousand dele. 

+2. A part allowed or apportioned to any one ; 
a portion, share, dole. Ods. exc. dial. 

c825 Vesp. Psalter cxii. 6 [cxlii. 5] Du eard hyht min 
dzl min in eordan lifgendra. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xv. 
12 Fader, syle me minne dzl minre zhte. ¢ 1325 Coer de 
L. 2220 Their tresour and their meles He toke to his own 
deles. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 407 He delep his 
mete at be mel, And 3euep eueriche manis del. 15.. Ay, 
& Hermyt 337 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 25 Every man schall 
have his dele. 1535 CoveRDALE t Sam. i. 5 But vnto Anna 
he gaue one deale heuely for he loued Anna. 1647 Her- 
ricK Noble Numbers, Widdowes Teares, The deale Of 
gentle paste and yeelding Dow That thou on widdowes 
didst bestow. 1806 ForsytH Beauties Scotl. 1V. 132 The 
remainder [of the monty) is divided into shares, called deals, 
Soperting to the number of persons entitled to a portion 
of it. 

b. A portion or share of land ; cf. DALE? 1 and 
DoteE sb.1 

1600 Sc. Acts Fas. VJ (1814) IV. 241 The cottaris deallis, 
and aucht akeris of land occupyit be fischeris of Ferne. 
1633 Sc. Acts Chas. [ (1814) V. 125 The tua dealles of land 
lyand betuix the lands of Grainge and Haltounehill. 1851 
Cumbrid, Gloss., Deail, a narrow plot of ground in a com- 
mon-field, set out by land-marks. 

3. A quantity, an amount; qualified as good, 
great, vast, or the like; formerly, also, as foor, 
small, little, etc. A great deal: a large part, 
portion, allowance, or amount (of anything), very 
much. 4 good deal: aconsiderable amount. Cf. 
Lot (in @ great lot, good lot, etc.». 

c 1000 Sax. Leechd. 11, 202 Micel dzl bewylledes wxteres 
on hunizes godum dale. c1230 Hadi Meid. 29 Ha. .3isced 
pah after muchele deale mare. a@1300 Cursor M. 13493 
(Cott.) Hai par was a mikel dele. @ 1400-50 Alexander 
3703 Coupis .. bai fande bot a fewe dele forged of siluir. 
1430 Two Cookery-bks. 15 Safroun, & a gode dele Salt. 
1570 Levins Manip. 207/37 A lyttle deale, Jarum. 1596 
Suaks, 1 Hen. JV, 11. iv. §92 But one halfepenny-worth of 
Bread to this intollerable deale of Sacke! 1609 Biste 
(Douay) 2 Mace. iii. 6 The treasurie at Ierusalem was ful 
of innumerable deale of money. 1621 J. Maver £xg. 
Catech. 207 Where ignorance preuaileth there can be but 
a poore deale of loue. 1673 Ray Fourn. Low C. 57 There 
being so vast a deal of room, that 40,000 people may shelter 
themselves in it. 1685 H. More Some Cursory Refl. A ij b, 
To make such a Tragical deal ado about it. 1711 HEARNE 
Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 223 A great Deal of Lead. 
1771 FRANKLIN Axtobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 6 He was also a 
good deal of a politician. 1790 Beatson Nav. § Mil. 
Mem. 1. 183 A most violent hurricane, which did an in- 
credible deal of damage. 1874 C. Geikir Life in Woods vi. 
102 A good deal of rain having fallen. 1875 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) I. 103 There is a great deal of truth in what you say. 

b. absol. (the thing referred to being implied 


or understood), 

c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2971 Aftirwarde a litel dele, 
Cuthbert was prayde to karlele, Prestes to ordayne. 1659 
Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 451, I see no need of it. The 
danger is a great deal. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 51 P 2 
But there is a great deal to be said in Behalf of an Author. 
1720 DE For Caft. Singleton xvi. (1840) 271 Our beef and 
hogs.. being not yet all gone by a good deal. 1765 A. 
Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 160 A great deal depends 
ce the just proportions of its several parts, 1871 B. 

‘AYLOR Faust 1. Prelude 3 They’ve read an awful deal. 
189 in Law Times XCI. 233/2 Whatever may be thought 
of the..propriety of a good deal that was done. 

4. A deal is used pregnantly for a good or great 
deal, etc. ; an undefined, but considerable or large 
quantity (vavely number) ; a ‘ lot’. collog. 

15.. Mylner of Abyngton soin Hazl. £. P. P. III. 102 Of 
each mannes corne wolde he steale More than his toledish by 
adeale. 1597 Gerarve Herbal. xxxi. § 1. 42 Nothing else 
but a deale of flocks set and thrust togither. 1601 SHAKs. 
Twel. N. m. i. 157 O what a deale of scorne lookes beauti- 
full In the contempt and anger of his lip! 1627-77 FELTHAM 
Resolves 1, xxx. 52 What a deal of sweetness do we find 
in a mild disposition? 174 RicHarpson Pame/da (1824) 1. 
xxii. 34 He and Mrs. Jervis had a deal of talk, as she told 
me. 19777 Jounson Let. 16 Oct., I have a deal to look 
after. 1780 Phil. Trans. LXX. 493 A tornado last night, 
with a deal of rain, thunder, and lightning. 1832 Hr. 
Martineau Life in Wilds v. 62 Saving us a deal of trouble. 
1875 Jowett Plato I. 351 Talking a deal of nonsense. 

II. Adverbial uses. 

+5. Connected with the notion of ‘ part, bit, 
whit’: Any deal, to any extent, any whit; some 
deal, to some extent, somewhat ; each deal, each 
a deal, every deal, tlk a deal, every bit, every whit, 
entirely; Aalfen deal, half ; mesten del, for the most 

art, mostly. See also EVERYDEAL, HALFENDEAL, 

OMEDEAL, etc. Ods. 

a 700 Epinal Gloss, 731 Partim, sume daeli (Erfurt sume 
dal) a1225 St. Marher. 17 We luued bi pe lufte alre 
mesten del. @ 1300-1440 [see Eacu id]. ar Cursor 
M. 17400 (Cott.) Your sagh es lese, euer-ilk del. Ei 1340 

9 


DEAL, 


Jbid. 23532 (Trin.) Wipouten tariynge any dele. 1375-3718 
{see Sicceeat 2). 1400 ste al Bab, 2016 ‘Ville he 
were rosted to colis ilkadele. 1471 RipLey Comp. Alch. u. 
in Ashm. (1652) 138 The whych unknowen thy Warke ys 
lost ech dele. 1513 Dovctas xeis u. iv. 33 As I sall 
schew the verite ilka deil. 1553 Grimatpr Cicero's Offices 
106 a, Was hee any deale the richer? 1590 Spenser /. Q. 
mm, ix. 53 The..hevenly lampes were halfendeale ybrent. 
1710 Puitirs Pastorals iv. 25 Albeit some deal I pipe. 
+b. In the negative ever a deal, no deal, not 

a deal: never a bit, not a whit, not at all. -Ods. 

c1aso Gen. & Ex, 230 It ne wrocte him neuere a del. 
¢1340 Cursor M. 23332 (Trin.) Of hem shul bei rewe no del. 
1422 Hoccieve Tale Yonathas 277 Hir conpaignie he 
nat a deel forsooke. c 1450 St. Cut, (Surtees) 4678 Pe 
pepill it lyked neuer a dele. 1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. 
‘Yohn vii. 57 Neuer a deale moued to cum to better aduise- 
ment. 1569 Stocker Diod. Sic. 1. xliv. 100 His father was 
no deale contented with the league. 1579 Tomson Calvin's 
Serm. Tim. 392/1 They .. are neuer a deale more accept- 
able to God. a 1600 Caftaine Care xxvi. in Child Ballads 
III. vt. clxxviii. 431/2 His harte was no dele lighte. 

6. Connected with the notion of ‘amount’ or 
‘extent’: A great deal, toa great extent or degree, 
greatly, very much ; @ good deal, to a considerable 
extent or degree, considerably ; a vast deal, vastly; 
+ much deal, etc. a. as verbal adjuncts. 

1562 Win3ET Certain Tract. i. Wks. 1888 I. 3 To lat 
down ane grete dele thair hie sailis. 1572 Forrest 7heo- 
philus 159 (in Anglia VII.) The iuste prayer much deale 
for to prevayle. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IIL. viii. 183, 
I..bled..a great deal. a 1845 Hoop Last Man xxvii, The 
beggar man grumbled a weary deal. 1887 Sata in ///ust. 
Lond. News 19 Mar., I had travelled a good deal in earth- 
quaking lands. . 

b. as adjuncts of adjectives or adverbs in the 


comparative or superlative, or their equivalents. 

1526 Tinpate Mark x. 48 He cryed the moore a greate 
deale. 1578 Lyte Dodoens vi. xlii. 713 Wilde Peares.. 
do drie and stop a great deale more then the others. 
1581 G. Pertie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. (1586) u. 88b, The 
kitchin was a greate deale too little. 1 Locke Educ. 
§ 160 To have them [letters] a pretty deal bigger than he 
should ordinarily write. 1796 Jane Austen Pride § Prej. 
vi. (1813) 11 You are a great deal too apt. .to like people in 
general. 1870 Dickens £. Drood viii, You take a great 
deal too much upon yourself. 1875 Jowett Plato I. 493 At 
a point a good dal lower than that at which they rose. 

7. A deal: to an undefined but considerable 
amount or extent; much. co//og. 
1756 Totvervy Hist. Two Orphans III. 21 She talked a 
deal. 1811 Lams Guy Faux, The La ey of this dilemma 
is a deal too shocking to think of. rs. GASKELL North 
& S. xvii, Beside, I shall be a deal here to make it more 


lively for thee. 1857 HucHes Tom Brown. iv, You boys | 


of this generation are a deal tenderer fellows than we used 
to 


be. 
III. 8. Comd. (in OE. and early ME.), as | 


+ del (dal) neominde, -takand, participator, sharer ; | 


+ del-taking, participation; + dealsman (Sc.), a 
partner, sharer. 

c825 Vesp. Psalt. cxviii[i]. 63 Daelniomend ic eam alra 
ondredendra dec. ea Lamb, Hom. 47 Beo heo dal 
neominde of heofene riches blisse. arzzo00o £. E. Psalter 
cexviii. 63 Del-takand I am ofal be dredand. /7d. cxxi[i]. 3 
Of wham in him self del-taking hisse. 1563 Aderdeen Reg. 
V. 25 Jam.) The awnaris and delismen of the said schip. 

Deal (d71), 54.2 [f. Dean v.] An act or the 
act of dealing. 

1. The act or system of dividing into parts for 
distribution ; sharing. 

1873 ep G. Bertram Harvest of Sea 331 At that time 
most of the herring boats of Shellbraes were managed on 
the sharing system, or by ‘the deal’, as it was called. 

+ 2. Dealing ; intercourse. Sc. See DALE? 2. 

1588 A. Kinc tr. Canisius’ Catech. 6 To haue carnel deale 
with ane vper mans vyffe. 1594 WiLLopiE Avisa xix, Be- 
cause you love a secret deale. 

3. Cards. The distribution to the players of the 
cards required for a game; +a single round or 
game marked by one distribution of the cards (0ds.), 

1607 Heywoop Woman Killed with Kindness Wks. 1874 
II. 123 My minds not on my game; Many a deale I haue 
lost. — Corton Compl. Gamester xi, At French Ruff you 
must lift for deal. 1728 Swirt Prnd. of Mod. Lady, How 
can the muse..in harmonious numbers put The deal, the 
shuffle, and the cut? 1739 Gray Let. to Mother ax June, 
You sit down, and play forty deals without intermission. 
1778 C. Jones Hoyle’s Games Impr. 61 You risk the losing 

three or four Tricks in that Deal to gain one only, 1860 
Bohn’s Handbk, Games u. 68 If a card is faced in the deal, 
there must be a new deal, unless it is the last card. 

4. An act of dealing or buying and selling ; a 
business transaction, bargain. vulgar or slang. 

18; Hatisurton Clockm. (1862) 305 Six dollars apiece 
for the pictures is about the fair deal for the price. 186 
Hucues Tom Brown at Oxf. vi. (1889) 52 He wanted to 
have a deal with me for Jessy [mare]. 1879 E. K. Bates 
Fett. Bonds |. iii. 5x He wants to make a deal for some 
chickens and vegetables in the morning. 

b. spec. A transaction of an underhand or ques- 
tionable nature; a private or secret arrangement in 
commerce or politics entered into by parties for 
their mutual benefit; a _ re ae Oe 

1881 V. ¥, Nation XXXII. 487 [The 9d boss] his 
power of ‘deals’, 1882 /did,. XXXV. 411/1 The 
shifts and expedients and ‘deals’ which had illustrated his 
rise to political prominence, 1888 Bryce A mer. Commu. 11. 
it, Lxiil, 46x The chiefs of opposite parties. . will even go the 
length of making (of course secretly) a joint ‘deal’, i.e. of 
a’ for a distribution of offices w! some of the 
friends of one shall get places, the residue being left for the 


66 


friends of the other. 1891 Boston (Mass.) Yrud. 27 Nov. 6/4 
It is not known who are Deacon White's heirs in this corn 
deal. 1892 /bid. ahiov. 12/7 An alleged Deal between the 
Republicans and the Democrats, 

Deal (di1), 54.8 Forms: 5 dele, 6 dell, deil, 
6-8 deale, 7 dale, 8 Sc. dail, 6- deal, [Intro- 
duced from Low German ¢ 1400: cf. MLG. de/e fem. 
plank, floor (mod.Du. dee/ plank, dele, delle floor), 
corresp. to OHG. dil, dillo m., dilla f., MHG. dil 
m. f., dille f, board, deal, boarding, mod.G. diele f, 
deal-board, fir-plank, in north Germany ‘floor’ 
(see Grimm); ON. Ji/ja fem. deal, plank, planking ; 
OE. fille stake, board, plank, Turin :—OTeut. 
*Jeljén- (whence Jiljén, Jina, pille: cf. Finnish 
teljo from Teutonic). Another OE. derivative was 
elu hewn wood, board, flooring: see THEAL.] 

1. A slice sawn from a log of timber (now always 
of fir or pine), and usually understood to be more 
than seven inches wide, and not more than three 
thick ; a plank or board of pine or fir-wood. 

In the timber trade, in Great Britain, a dea/ is understood 
to be g inches wide, not more than 3 inches thick, and at 
least 6 feet long. If shorter, it isa deal-end; if not more 
than 7 inches wide, it is a Barren, In N. America, the 
standard deal (to which other sizes are reduced in compu- 
tation) is 12 feet long, 11 inches wide, and 24 inches thick. 
By carpenters, deal of half this thickness (14 inches) is 
called whole deal; of half the latter (§ inch) séit dead. 

The word was introduced with the importation of sawn 
boards from some Low German district, and, as these con- 
sisted usually of fir or pine, the word was from the first 
associated with these kinds of wood. 

1402 in C. Frost Early Hist. Hull (1827) bs ig Mari 
Knyght de Dansk. .xvj deles, ijj™ waynscots. /did. 18, iij 
dusen deles. a 1450 Rature (in ‘Hull rin. House Records), 
Item for euerie hundreth of firre deales, xijd. 1558 
Wills & Inv, N.C. (Surtees) I. 183 Ffyrdells of the biggest 
sorte..litle firdells .. doble firr sparrs. 1583-4 Bk. Accts, 
Hull Charterhouse in N. §& Q. 6th Ser. VIII. 217/1, 
7 deals to seale the windows. 1595 A. Duncan Appendix 
Etymol., Asser, a deele or planke. 1604 Vestry Bhs, (Surt.) 
283 For fortie firre dales, xxiijs. iiijd. 1641 Best Farm. 
Bks. (Surtees) 111 Robert Bonwicke of Wansworth de- 
manded for everie deale a pennie, for bringing them from 
Hull to Parsonpooles, alledging that everie deale weighed 
three stone. 1762 Sterne 77, Shandy V1. xxiii, A little 
model of a town..to be run up together of slit deals. 1820 
Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 141 These huts, some con- 
structed of logs, others of deals two inches in thickness, 1886 
Law Times UXXX, 212/1 To there load a cargo of deals. 

b. (Without @ or Z/ural.) Wood in the form of 
deals. 

@ 1618 RALEIGH Oés. in Rem. (1661) 180 The huge piles of 
Wainscot, Clapboard, Firdeal, Masts, and Timber .. in the 
Low-countries. 1627 Capt. SmitH Seaman's Gram. ii. 14 
Laying that Decke with spruce Deale of thirty foot long, 
the sap cut off. 1667 Primatt City & C. Builder 85, 
A handsom Door, lyned with Slit-deal. 1794 Builder's 
Price-Bk. 41 Whole deal dove-tailed dado. 1876 Gwitt 
Encycl. Archit. § 2365 The table shows that the value of 
14 inch deal is 8d. per foot. /did. Gloss. 1196 Fir boards. . 
one inch and a quarter thick, are called whole deal, and 
those a full half inch thick, slit deal. 

2. As a kind of timber: The wood of fir or pine, 
such as deals (in sense 1) are made from. 

White deal, the produce of the Norway Spruce (A dies 
excelsa); red deal, the produce of the Scotch Pine (Pinus 
sylvestris); yellow deal, the produce of the Yellow Pine 

P. mitis), or kindred American species. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 476 Some..haue their boughes 
disposed in good order, as the Pitch-tree, Firre, or Deale. 
Ibid. I. 488 For Mast-poles and crosse saile-yards in ships, 
the Fir or Deale [aézes] is commended. Grew 
Anat. Trunks u. vii. § 2 Deal, especially the white if 
it be cut cross, it tears. 1765 Parsons in PAil. Trans. LV. 
What we call white deal, which is esteemed the lightest an 
tenderest of all the class of firs. 1833 Penny Cyci. 1. 31/2 
The Norway Spruce Fir ..In the market [its weed is 
known under the name of white or Christiania deal, 1840 
Jbid. XVIII. 170/2 The Scotch Pine .. Its timber furnishes 
the red deal of the carpenters. 1 ape De Quincy I, vii. 
143 Preferring mahogany to deal for shelves, 

3. attrib. and Comé., as (‘made of or consisting 
of deal’), deal box, door, -shaving, table, etc. ; 
(‘engaged in the trade in deals’) deal-carrier, 
-merchant, -porter, -runner, etc.; deal-apple 
(dial.), a fir-cone; deal-end (see 1 note); deal- 
fish (see quots.); deal-frame, a -saw for 
cutting deals; deal-tree (dia/.), a fir-tree; deal- 
worker, a joiner who works up deal; deal-yard, 
a yard where deals are stacked. Also DEAL-BOARD, 

—_ Forsy Voc. E. A apiia, *Deal- s, the conical 
fruit of the fir-tree. 1 AnsR. & Cin. Prov. Husb. 1. i, 
Four mail-trunks, besides the great “deal-box. 1893 Daily 
News 26 Apr. 6/1 If the Union “deal-carriers did not return 
to work their places would be filled by free labourers. 1886 
Ruskin Preterita 1. vu. 232 Neatly brass-latched *deal 
doors, 1812 J. Smyru Pract. Customs (1821) 285 What 
constitutes the difference between a Deal and a is 
the width: the former being above 7 inches wide, and the 
latter not above 7 inches wide. This distinction .. applies 
also to *Deal Ends and Batten Ends. — YARRELL 
Brit. Fishes Suppl. *Deal-fish. 1856 J. RicHarpson in 
Encycl. Brit, X11. 303/2 The Vaagmaer or Deal-fish has 
also been recorded by Dr. Fleming as a British species. 


deal, x 
Lambeth..*Deale-Merchant. . Words Aug. 543/1 
Dock-labourers, “deal-porters and coal-heavers, 188 Daly 
News 24 Oct. 6/6 Dock labourers, wharfingers, *deal run- 


DEAL. 


ners. 1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. *Deal-shavings or 
brown Paper. tans Forsy Voc, £. Anglia, * . 
a fir-tree. 1708 £ . Gaz. No. 4126/4 At the Cock in the 
hoop *Deal-Vard.. are to be sold, Deal-Boards, Laths. 
77 ee oe eee 
ey oe ere Jbid. 12 A deal-yard is for sawn 
+ Deal s/.4, deal-wine. O/s. Also dele- 
wine. Some unidentified kind of wine, supposed 
to have been of Rhenish origi 


rl in cope, Agric. & Prices V. 449 (cf. also VI. 
416/3). 1616 T. Apams Souls Diseases xvi, He..cals for 
y make his deale 


promised you 
and Dele-wine. Suirtey Lady of Pleas. v. i, To the 
Dutch magazine of sauce, the Stillyard; Where deal and 
backrag, and what strange wine else .. Shall flow into our 


room. 

Deal (dil), v. Pa. t. and pple. dealt (delt). 
Forms: /nf. 1 délan, 2-3 dealen, 3 delen, 
deale(n, 3-5 delen, 3-6 dele, (4 del, 4 daile, 
4-6 Sc. deill, 5 delyn, deele), 6-7 deale, 6- deal. 
fa, t., 1-3, dé&lde, 3 delet, 3-4 deld(e, 3-6 delt, 
3-5 dalte, 4 dalt, delte, delit, 4-6 deled, -id, 
-yd, 5 dellyd, 5-6 dealed, -id, -yd, 6 dealte, 6- 
dealt. Pa.pple.,1 dled, 3-4 i-deld, 4ideled, 3-7 
delt, 4-6 dalt, 6 dault,4—as fa. ¢, [A common Teut. 
verb: OE. d&lan =OFris. déla, OS. déljan, MDu., 
Du., MLG. deelen, OHG. tetlan, Ger. teilen, ON. 
deila (Sw. dela, Da. dele), Goth. datljan, derivative 
of *daili-z, OE. d#l Dat sb.1, part, division.] 

I. To divide, distribute, share. Mainly ¢vans. 
+1. trans. To divide. Ods. 

cgso Lindisf. Gosp. xxiv. 51 Dividet eum dales hine 
[c 000 Ags. Gosp. todelb hyne). cx1205 Lay. 21125 
And he a fif dale dalde his ferde. c1ago S. Fng. Leg. 
I, 239/715 Pis watur .. delez bis world atwo. a1300 Cur- 
sor M, 6883 caper AL folk pat delt [77ix. dalt) war in 
kinrede tuelue. revisa Higden (Rolls) I. 45 3if we 
deleb be somme on pre and pe seuenpe parte of be pridde. 
1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 24 This kyngdome of Northum- 
berland was first deled in two prou 1535 CoVERDALE 
Dan. v. 28 Thy kyngdome is delt in partes. Sat. 
_— Reform. (1890) I. 128 Our Lords are now delt in twa 
sydis. 

+2. To separate, sever. Obs. 

a 1000 Daniel 21 (Gr.) Swa no man _— his gastes lufan 
wid gode dalan. cr200 Trin. Coll. Hom. e deled 
sowle and pe lichame. a 1300 Earth 13 in 2. E. P. (1862) 
152 He. .delip be dai from ni3t. ¢ oe Times Edw. 11 
205 in Pol, Songs (Camden) 3 -deled from his riht 


spous. @ Poems Vernon - 358 He 3af him wittes 
fyue, To iden pat vuel from pe g 


+b. intr. (for ref.) To separate oneself, go 
away, part (from). Obs. rare. 

c 1000 Ags. Ps. liv. 7 [lv. 7] Efne ic feor zewite, fleame 
dale. c1205 Lay. 7566 Jalios pe kaisere mid alle pan 
Romanisce here en from fihte. Jbid. 18897 
heo gunnen dzlen. Merlin ferde riht sud. 

+3. trans. To divide (property, etc.) among a 
number so that each may have his due share; to 
distribute in shares ; to portion out, apportion. Ods. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxii. 17 Onfod and dalad betwux 
eow. 1002 Will of Wulfric in Cod. Dipl. V1. 147 Dat heo 
hig dzlan him betweonan. c 1205 Lay. 4053 Heo wuolden 
al pis lond dxzlen heom bi-twenen. ax 
(Cott.) Bituix his childer he delt his t. 


€ 
2 He was curtays in all th .. And well kowth dele and 
dyaht: . 1535 COVERDALE Fok. vill, 2 Ye shal deale amonge 


eart to use it. 
4. To distribute or bestow among a number of 
sacigones esp. to distribute in the form of gifts 
or alms. Now mostly fig., or with out; see b. 
oe ee the division into shares; here itis 
awa’ oy 

pop sey Few A 48 Si u 
dalest. x00 Ags. . Mark v. 26 
zum lecum fela 
¢1173 Lamb, Hom. 109 Pe Se deled elmessan for his drihtnes 
luuan. azaag Ancr. R. 224 To dealen his feder chetel to 
neodfule and to poure. c 1300 Beket 332 A sum of pans I 
deld on eche side. 1393 Lanot. P. PLC. wv. 76 Let nat py 
It has. Vite what ow delet with py syht . €%400 

AuNDEV. (Roxb.) xxii. roz2 He .. delez bam relefe in 
faire siluer vessel. uthbert (Surtees) 4151 


¢€ C ) 
Th myght of t all gude 1588 A. Kina 
tr. Cini rc al He artic hi ‘indie. giftis of 
4 Evetyn Diary 25 Feb., There are many 
Sharities dealt publicly here. "2815 W. H. Inetaxb Scripbde 


Exp. Matt. Wks. 11. 83 If thou give us abundance. .give us 
my? pod gi ptm «ol 


Scribble- 

ja 227 In they deal to the public dull diet, 

b. Zo deal out; + formerly also abroad, away, 
Sorth, etc, 


spuylis. ¢ Hi; Virg. (1867) 55, I schal newe tungis 
in 3ou ‘emo Rie eee ot 


1866 RocErs Apri & Prices 1, xxiv. 609 To deal 
out a certain number of herrings to their servants. 
+e. adsol. or intr, To make distribution of Obs. 
Also with the recipients as indirect obj. (dative) or with fo, 


: 
| 
1 
| 
| 
| 
| 


DEAL. 


1297 R. Giouc. (Rolls) 7866 Of his fader tresorie. . He delde 
uor his soule. 1362 Lanet. P. PZ. A. x1. 237 We shuln 
3iue & dele oure enemys And alle men bat arn nedy as pore 
men & suche. 1456 How Wise Man taught Son 154 in 
Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 175 And pore men of thy gode thou dele. 

5. To deliver or give (¢o a person) as his share ; 
to apportion. Also with owt. 

1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knut. 2285 Dele to me my destiné, & do 
hit out of honde. ¢ 1400-50 Alexander 3475 Driztin deyne 
him to dele a dele of his blis. 1563 B. Gooce Eglogs ii. 
(Arb.) 36 For she thy seruyce nought estemes, but deales 
thé griefe for gayne. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 70 To me 
..it deals eternal woe. 1704 Swirt Mech. Oferat. 
Spirit, This Grain of Enthusiasm, dealt into every ia 2 
sition, 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. iv, The hard measure that 
was dealt me. 1849 M. Arnotp Mod. Sappho, Hast thou 
yet dealt him, O life, thy full measure? 1851 Hr. Mar- 
tineau Hist. Peace (1877) Ill. 1v. xiii. 115 The same 
measure was dealt out to the family of Napoleon. 


+6. To bestow, give forth, render, deliver. Ods. 


exc. as in b, c. 

a1250 Owl & Night. 952 He mihte bet speken a sele, Pan 
mid wrabbe wordes dae [v.~. deale]. c1325 2. £. Allit. 
P. B. 344 Penne con dry3ttyn hym [Noe] dele dry3ly byse 
wordez, ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11890 
Ffaire folden, and wel enseled, And to ber maister was hit 
[a letter] deled. 1400 Destr. Troy 5646 And the dom bat 
he dulte [?dalte] duly was kept. c1400 Afol. Loll. xxvii. 
zoo So may God delen it til an oper. 

b. esp. To deliver d/ows. 

(The earlier notion was that of distributing them (as in 
sense 4) among several opponents or in various quarters, 
in all directions, now more definitely expressed by dead 
about; later, the sense becomes either ‘to give one as his 
portion’ (as in 5), or simply ‘to deliver ’.) 

©1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 2219 Strokes hii togider delden, 
ywis, On helmes & on bri3t scheldes. 1375 BAaRsour Bruce 
i. 32 [He] saw thaim swa gret dyntis deill. c1400 Destr. 
Troy 6547 Mony dedly dint delt hom amonge. 14 5S 
Matory Arthur x1. xi, Syr percyuale delt soo his strokes... 
that there durste no man abyde hym. 1640 Rawtins Reded- 
Zion 1.1, He’s no true souldier that deales heedlesse blowes. 
1700 Drypen Pal. §& Arc. ul. 612 One with a broken 
truncheon deals his blows. @ 1738 Gay (J.), The nightly 
mallet deals resounding blows. 1810 Soutuey Kehawza 1. v, 
Rejoiced they see... That Nature in his pride hath dealt the 
blow. 1878 Bosw. SmitH Carthage 337 Fortune or fraud 
soon gave Scipio the chance of dealing a decisive blow. 

ce. Hence in various expressions, apparently 
arising out of prec. 

— ULLER Ffoly & Prof. St. v. vii. 385 He was perfect 
in the devilish art of dealing an ill turn. 1697 Drypen 
Virg. Georg. 1. 447 By fits he deals his fiery bolts about. 
1700 — Pal. § Arc. ut. 222 When hissing through the skies 
the feathered deaths were dealt. 1702 Rowe Zamer. 1. ii. 
671, I would .. deal like Alha My angry Thunder on the 
frighted World. 1822 Lams E/ia Ser. 1. Confess. Drunkard, 
We dealt about the wit, or what passes for it after midnight, 
jovially. : F . 

7. Cards. To distribute (the cards to be used in 
a game) to the various players; to give a player 
(such or so many cards) in distributing. Also with 
out, and absol. 

1s2g Latimer Sern. at Camb, in Foxe A. §& M. (1583) 
2142, I purpose againe to deale ynto you another carde 
almost of the same sute. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Epigr. 
(1867) 174 Were it as parellous to deale cardes at play: 
c1sgz Martowr Mass. Paris 1. ii, Take this as surest thing, 
That, right or wrong, thou deal thyself a king. 1673 Corron 
Compl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 345 He that deals 
hath the advantage of this game. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. 2/2 
D. deals T. thirteen Cards. 1878 TH. Gisss Ombre 18 
The Dealer's office is to deal and to see that there is no 
mistake in the cards dealt. 1891 Speaker 2 May 534/2 At 
baccarat..the stakes are made before the cards are dealt. 

8. +a. In Hurling, etc.: To deliver or throw 
(the ball). Ods. 

1602 Carew Cornwall 74a, Then must hee cast the ball 
(named Dealing) to some one of his fellowes. 1603 OWEN 
Pembrokeshire (1891) 277 The horsemen. .will alsoe assault 
anye..that hath not the Knappan..or cudgell him after he 
hath delt the same from him. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk. 
II. 1008 (Cornish hurling), The ball [is] thrown up, or dealt, 

b. Of a horse. 

1737 Bracken Farriery (1757) I. 34 His Carriage, and 
way of dealing his Legs. /déd. Il. 77 There are Horses 
that lead, or deal their Legs well. 

II. To take part zz, have to do with, occupy 
oneself, do business, act. Mainly zr. 

+9. tnxtr. To take part 27, share or participate 2 
or with, be a partaker of. Ods. 

c1175 Pater Noster 225 in Lamb. Hom. 67 Pu azest to 
hatien wel his sunne, Pet du ne dele noht per inne. at 
Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 187 Hwa se ever wule habbe lot wib 
be of pi blisse, he mot deale wip pe of pine pine. c1330 R. 
Brunne Chrou. (1810) 109 Of o side ne of other no bing deles 
he. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 46 Ye shal be partener of 
my pylgremage, and dele of the pardon that I shal. .fecche 
ouer the see. 4 

+10. To engage with in conflict ; to contend. 

(Cf. ON. deila vid to be at feud or quarrel with, to contend.] 

3 Byrhtnoth 33 Betere .. Sonne we swa hearde hilde 
dzlon. c120§ Lay. 30418 Pus heo gunnen delen pene dzi 
longe. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 113 Steuen stoutly 
deles. c1400 Destr. Troy 11027 Wold haue dongyn hym 
to dethe, hade pai delt long. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. 
(1619) 385 How Areobindus slue a mighty Persian after 
dealing with him hand to hand. ARINGTON Metam. 
Ajax (1814) 14 To deal with him at his own weapon. 1667 

1Lton P. L. vi. 125 Brutish that contest and foule, When 
Reason hath to deal with force. 
+b. trans. To contend or fight about. Ods. 
c1205 Lay. 26042 Nu wit scullen delen pen dad of mire 
majen, 


67 


ll. znxtr. To have to do with (a person); to 
have intercourse or dealings wzth; to associate 
with. arch. (and now associated with 13). 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 12249 (Cott.) Sum angels wit him deles 
To lede his wordes pat he meles. ae es yetiF Sel. Wks. 
II. 404 Pei delen not wip bes newe ordris, but supposen hem 
heretikes. c1q00 Rom. Rose 3265 Thou delest with angry 
folk, ywis. 1514 Barcray Cyt. & pa nests (Percy Soc.) 
26 Her name was wanton Besse, Who leest with her delt he 
thryved not the lesse! 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretarie u. 
(1625) 36 With a resolute vow never to deale with him, I 
then had cast him [his son] off. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 27 
? 6 The Noble Principle .. of Benevolence to all I have to 
deal with. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) ILI. xii. 98 
One of the charges against him was that of dealing with 
a familiar spirit. 

+b. Of sexual intercourse. Odés. 

€1340 Cursor M. 1197 (Fairf.) Our lorde .. bad he salde 
wip his wyf dele. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 37 Pey 
eteb nou3t, noper delep wip hir wifes. a@1q450 Ant. de la 
Your 49 An ye loue ani other than youre husbonde, or ani 
other dele withe you, sauf he only. 1662 J. Davies tr. 
Olearius’ Voy, Ambass. 94 They go not to Church the day 
~" have dealt with a woman, till they have wash'd them- 
selves. 

12. To have business communications wéth ; to 
carry on negotiations, negotiate, treat wzth ; some- 
times implying secret or sinister dealings. arch. 
(and now associated with 13). 

@1300 Cursor M. 5848 (Gott.) Wid pe eldest folk of israel, 
wid pharao bai went to dele. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 267 The 
grete clerken..com..To tret upon this lordes hele, So longe 
they to-gider dele [etc.]. 1597 Bacon Ess. Negotiating (Arb.) 
86 It is generally better to deale by speech, then by letter, and 
by the mediation of a thirde then by a mans selfe, 1601 
B. tian Poetaster ww. ii, Now have they dealt with my 
pothecary to poison me. 1625 Camden's Hist. Eliz. 1. (1688) 
127 The Bishop of Rosse dealt with the Duke, as they were 
Hawking, about the Marriage. 1625 Ussuer in Lett. Lit. 
Men (Camden) 132, I doubt not, but before this time you 
have dealt with Sir Peter Vanlore for obtaining Erpinus his 
.. Persian books. @1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) IL. 285 
Wilkinson, a prisoner for debt .. was dealt with to accuse 


im. 

13. To carry on commercial transactions ; to do 
business, trade, traffic (zv7th a person, 27 an article). 

[1523 Lp. Berners Feiss. I. cclxvii. 395 People, suche as 
I haue dault with all in their marchaundyse. 1599 MinsHEu 
Sp. Dict., Negociar, to deale in businesse, to follow a trade. 
161r Cotcr., 7rafiguer, to trafficke, trade, .. commerce, 
deale in marchandise.] @1627 MippLeton Mayor Quind, 
ut. ii, I deal in dog’s leather. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety (J.), 
‘This is to drive a wholesale trade, when all other petty 
merchants deal but for parcels. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 
iii. 65 Merchants care not to deal with him. 1735 Pore 
Donne Sat. iv. 140 Who in the secret, deals in Stocks secure, 
And cheats th’ unknowing Widow and the Poor. 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Manch, Strike vii. 82 A traveller who deals 
.. with several firms in this place. 1866 RocEers Agric. § 
Prices 1. xxi. 530 Such persons dealt in finished goods. 

+b. trans. To offer for sale. Obs. rare. 

1760 Foote Minor 1. Wks. 1799 I. 252 You would not have 
..the flints?.. Every pebble fen .» He shall deal them as 
new pavement. 

. To have to do wth (a thing) in any way; to 
busy or occupy oneself, to concern oneself with. 
cies Cursor M. 1517 Jobal..Was first loger, and fee 


delt [v.7. dalt] wit. c1q00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xvii. 80 Any 
man pat deles with sorcery or enchauntementz. 1477 Paston 
Lett. 807 III. 211, Ther is no man wyllyng to del with your 
swanes. 1535 CoverDALE Ps. lvii. 2 Youre handes deale 
with wickednesse. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretarie u. (1625) 
112 Speaking of Friendship, I onely deale with such, whose 
actions [etc.]. 1845-60 App, THomson Laws of Thought 
Introd. 5 The mind deals with truth. 1869 Huxcey in Sc7. 
Opinion 21 Apr. 464 The first question with which I propose 
to deal. 1893 Law Times XCV. 26/2 That part of the 
Companies Act 1862 which deals with guarantee companies. 

15. with zz: To occupy, employ, or exercise 
oneself in (a thing) ; to have to do with, to make 
use of. (Now often approaching a fig. use of 13.) 

x MutcastEr Positions ix. (1887) 54 Among the best 
writers that deale in this kinde. 1597 BAcon Ess. Suitors 
(Arb.) 44 Plaine dealing, in denying to deale in Sutes at first, 
is grown..honourable. 1724 Watts Logic Ded., True Logic 
is not that noisy thing that deals all in dispute and wrangling. 
1748 CuesterF. Le?t. II. clviii. 65 All malt liquors fatten, 
or at least bloat; and I hope you do not deal much in them. 
1770 Funius Lett.xxxix. 200 A poor contracted understanding 
deals in little schemes. 1885 Manch. Exam. 6 July 5/2 
Lord E. F——. .deals in vague outlines, as if afraid of being 
too specific. : . ae 

16. 70 deal with: to act in regard to, administer, 
handle, dispose in any way of (a thing); b. to 
handle effectively; to grapple with; to take suc- 
cessful action in regard to. 

1469 Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 23 He said that .. he wold 
deele with you & yours, both be the law & besides the 
law. @1586 Sipney (J.), If she hated me, I should know 
what passion to deal with. 166r Bramuatt Fust Vind. vi. 
153 He so abated their power .. that a Dean and Chapter 
were able to deal with them. 1737 Bracxen Farriery 
Impr. (1757) U1. 120 The Lungs are Remed accordingly, so 
that they may the better deal with the Air admitte 
Inspiration. (1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 142 A power 
more than sufficient to deal with Protector and Parliament 
together. @x859 /éid. V. 33 The Long Parliament did not 
.. propose to restrain him from dealing according to his 

leasure with his parks and his castles, his fisheries and 

is mines. 1874 GrEEN Short Hist. iil. £5 (1882) 137 It 
was with the general anarchy that Hubert had first to deal. 
1891 Law Times XC. 462/2 Mrs. Headley .. swore that she 
had never knowingly transferred or dealt with the mortgage. 
Ibid. SEAL 98 éstraining the defendants from selling or 
otherwise dealing with the shares. 


DEALE. 


17. 70 deal with: to act towards (any one), to 
treat (in some specified way). 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 16461 (Cott.) Iudas..be-hald and se Hu 
vile pat pai wit him delt. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 1661 He 
. .dalt with hir al in daynte. 1494 FasyAn Chron. vi. cxlvii. 
133 In lyke maner as they had dalt with Burdeaux. 1535 
CoverpDAaLe Ps. cii{i]. 1o He hath not dealt with vs after 
our synnes. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 360 Sore displeased, 
that shey were so hardly delt withall. 16zz Biste 2 Sam. 
xviii. 5 Deale gently for my sake with.. Absalom. 1729 
ButLer Sevm. ix. Wks. 1874 II. 116 We ourselves shall one 
time or other be dealt with as we deal with others. 1874 
Green Short Hist. viii. § 6. 521 The Commons were dealing 
roughly with the agents of the Royal system. 

b. with dy (=in regard to) in same sense. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 3 That he wuld not 
deale so hardly bi me. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince (1883) 
305 The Venetians. .have..dealt..honourably by him. 1754 
Cuatnam Lett. Nephew vi. 43 If we would deal fairly by 
ourselves. 1877 Miss Brapvon Weavers & Weft 324 It will 
not be found that I have dealt unjustly by any one. 

To deal on, upon: to set to work upon. 
arch, 

1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 76 Two deep enemies, Foes 
to my Rest .. Are they that I would haue thee deale vpon. 
1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hun.v.iv, Mit. What, 
will he deal upon such quantities of wine, alone? 1816 
Byron Ch. Har. 11. 1xxxiii, Allured By their new vigour, 
sternly have they dealt On one another. 1828 Scott /*. J/. 
Perth xv, ‘There is a man thou must deal upon, Bonthron,’ 
said the knight. 

19. To act towards people generally (in some 
specified way) ; to conduct oneself, behave, act. 

c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knut. 1114 Pay dronken & daylyeden, 
& dalten vnty3tel, pese lordez & ladyez. /bid. 1668 Per bay 
dronken & dalten. 1535 CoverDALE Yosh.i. 7 Yt thou mayest 
deale wysely whither so euer thou goest. 1593 SHAks. 2 
Hen, VT, w. ix. 46, 1... doubt not so to deale, As all things 
shall redound vnto your good. 1602 — Lear ul. vi. 42 Let 
us deal justly. 1652 NerpHam Sedden’s Mare Cl. 152 
Michaél Attaliates truly did ill... Nor indeed hath that 
eminent man dealt any better, who [etc.]. c 1680 BEVERIDGE 
Sevnz. (1729) 1. 446 O Lord I have. .dealt falsly before thee. 
mix Swirt Frud. to Stella 17 Dec., They had better give 
up now, if she will not deal openly. 

+20. To take action, act, proceed (usually zi 
some matter or affair). Ods. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur tv. xiii, Wel said syr Vwayne go 
on your waye and lete me dele. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 
188 To the which the French King aunswered, that without 
the presence of the .x1. peeres he could not deale in so 
weightie a matter. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 
144 To deale in matters of religion both by word and deed. 
1586 J. Hooker Girald. [rel. in Holinshed V1. 44/1 No 
man would medle or deale to carrie the same awaie. 1599 
pare Much Adov.i. 101 Do not you meddle, let me deale 
in this. 

+21. ¢rans. To treat. Obs. rare. 

1586 Let. Earle Leycester 1 A late and weightie cause 
dealt in this Parliament. 

Dealable (dilab’l), a. [f. DEAL v.+-aBLr.] 
Capable of being dealt wth ; suitable for dealing. 

1667 WatEeRHOUSE Fire Lond. 91 Fled_ before the Fire, 
leaving it to its forradge, and not checquing it while deal- 
able with. 1890 Daily News 11 Sept. 3/3 [It] did not vary 
much in the quotations—7 to 1 being a dealable rate. 

Dealbate (dzjzxlbet), a [ad. L. dealbat-us, 
pa. pple. of dealbdre (see next).] Presenting a 
whitened surface ; esp. in Bot. ‘covered with a very 
opaque white powder’ (Zveas. Bot. 1866). 

+ Dea‘lbate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of dealbare, 
to whiten over, whitewash, f. de- + a/bdre to whiten, 
f. albus white; cf. DauB v.] ¢vans. To whiten. 

1623 Cocxeram, Deadbate, to whitelime a thing. 1638 T. 
Wuitaker Blood of Grape 30 Milke is bloud dealbated or 
thrice concocted. 1657 Tomtinson Renon’s Disp., This 
dentifrice also will dealbate the teeth. 

Dealbation (dZjelbéi-fan). [ad. L. dealbation- 
em, n. of action f. dealbare (see prec.); cf. F. 
déalbation (Littré).] The action of whitening; 
blanching, bleaching. 

1607 TorseLt Serpents (1653) 646 The dealbation of the 
hair. @1634 Ranvotpn Muses Looking-glasse wv. i, She 
.. hath forgot to whiten The naturall rednesse of my nose, she 
knowes not What ’tis wants dealbation! 1678 R. R[ussett] 
Geber u, 1. 1. x. 59 Therefor they cannot whiten [lead] with 
good Dealbation. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dealbation, the art 
of making white the skin and teeth; also of whitening bones 
for the purposes of anatomy. , 7 

b. The ‘blanching’, or reduction to its assay 
value, of silver coin containing alloy. 

1888 W. Rye Records § Record-searching 29 The deal- 
bation is always specially mentioned, and the only mention 
of blanched silver is in the statement of the farm [etc.]. 


Dea‘l-boa'rd. [f. Dav 54.8 + Boarp.] = 
Deat sé.3 1; a thin board of fir or pine. 

1568-9 in Burgon Life Gresham 11. 284 One shippe of 
Brydges [Bruges] in Flanders, in the which ts mastes, clappe- 
borde, deel-bordes. 1583 in Northern N. §& Q. 1.77 Anew 
cheste of Deal-bourd. 1667 Primatr City & C. Build. 146 
Deal-Boards from ten to twelve inches broad, and about ten 
foot long. 1722 De For Plague (1884) 99 Doors having 
Deal-Boards nail’d over them. 188 Rasos in Harper's 
Mag. July 208/1 He could see through a deal board. 

De-alcoholize, -izer, -ist, etc. : see Dr- II. 1. 

+ Deale, dele. Ods. Of uncertain meaning. 

It seems to be used for the purpose of calling attention, 
and may be an interjection, or a verb in the imperative, with 
the force of ‘See!* ‘mark!’ or ‘note!’ 

1225 Ancr. R. 276 Kumed perof smel of aromaz, oder of 
swote healewi? Deale [v.7. Dele]. Ofte druie sprintles 
bered winberien? /did. 362 Crist [moste] bolien pine & 

9*-2 


DEALER. 


jun, & so te may ingong into his riche. Lo, deale hwat 

Re seid,—so habben into his riche. bid. 286. 1330 
oi Poowme. Chron. re 167 O dele, said pe kyng, pis is 
a 

Dealer (df'lez). [f. Deauv.+-zR1.] One who 
deals (in various senses of the verb). 

1. One who divides, distributes, delivers. 

c1000 Ecrric Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 129 ee dzlere. 


¢1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Delare, or he pat delythe,distri- 
butor, partitor. Delare, or grete almysse yevere, rogatorius. 
1611 Cotcr., Distributeur, a distributor, dealer, diuider. 


tothe spr of St. Paul (1883) 3 The dealer of the death-wound 
¢ spirit of was a Pharisee. 
b. spec. The pare who distributes the cards. 

1600 Rowanps Let. Humours Blood iii. 58 Make him 
but dealer .. If you do finde good dealing, take his eares. 
473 Corton Compl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 345 

en the dealer .. shuffling Sra —_ cutting, deals to 
every one three apiece. 1878 H. H. Ginss Omére 19 The 
Dasher then deals nine cards to Pi player. 

2. One who has dealings with a person; one 
who deals iz (a thing); tan agent, negotiator, 
Obs. in —- sense except as ¢rvans/. from next. 

c1000 Aiirric Deut. v. 5 Ic wags dzxiere betwix Gode and 
eow. 1586 St. Trials, Q. Mary (R.), I was acquainted, 
I confess, with their practices, but I never did intend to ted 
a dealer in them. cx610 Sir J. Mervin Mem. Lado Both. 
was accused to have been a Dealer with the Ear Both- 
well. 1611 Cotcr., Agent, an Agent, a dealer, negotiator. 
1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iv. (1840) 112 A sorcerer and 
en ter, a witch, or dealer with the Devil. @1745 Swirr 
(J.), These small dealers in wit and learning. 

3. One who deals in merchandise, a trader; sfec. 
one who sells articles in the same condition in 
which he has bought them ; often in combination, 
as cattle-, corn-, horse-, money-dealer. 

1611 Corcr., Trafiqueur, a trafficker, trader, marchant, 
occupier, dealer in the world. 1651 DaveNaNT Gondibert 1. 
iii. (R.), Such small money (though the people’s gold With 
which they trade) great dealers skorne to take. 1745 De 
Foe’s Eng. Tradesman Introd. (1841) 1.2 Avery great number 
of considerable dealers, whom we call tradesmen. 1793 
Carr. Bentinck in Ld. "Auckland's Carrs (1862) III. 48 He 
is supplied with horses by some dealer in Town. 1848 Mitt 
Pol. Econ. (1876) III. xi. § 5. ps Dealers in money (as lenders 
by profession are improperly called). 1891 Pall Mail C. 
29 Oct. 2/1 Costers and hucksters and those | not too particular 
buyers who are euphemistically known as ‘ general dealers’. 

+4. One who acts (in some specified manner) in 
his relation to others. Ods. 

154’ Tout Bautpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) vit. i, Hypocrites 
and le dealers, 1561 T. Hopy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer 
1. Hi iij, An vntrue dealer, and a despiser of men. 1611 Biste 
Isa. xxi. 2 The treacherous dealer. 1677 WycueR.ey (¢i¢/e), 
The Plain Dealer. 1840 THackeray Catherine i, What! 
call Peter Brock a double-dealer? 

eal-fish: see DEAL 56.3 3. 

Dealing (dflin), v4/. sd. [-1nc1.] The action 
of the verb DEAL. 

1. Division; distribution (of gifts, blows, cards, 


etc.); sharing. 
7 Lanci. P. Pl. B. xix. rh Sat bedes-byddynge and 
“por penyes delynge. x yeuir Num, xxxvi. 4 The 
de ynge [1388 departyng] rd lottis. 1382 — 1 Cor. x.16 The 
delynge or part takynge of the body of the Lord. a 1400-50 
Alexander 451 In delingis of dyntis. a1§33 Fritn Disput. 
Purgatory § 27 All thyne Executours dealyng, and offeryng 
of masse pence, help thee not a myte. a 1602 W. Perkins 
Cases of Consc. (1619) 347 Others that .. iudge the very 
dealing of the cardes to bee a lotte. 1885 J. Martineau 
Types Eth. Th. 1.1. ii. $30 161 If this dealing out of ideas 
by exigency is assigned to G 
attrib. 1577-8 OLINSHED Chiron. III, 1257/2 His feeding 
. .all commers thrise a weeke appointed for his dealing daies. 
+b. concr. A part, division. Ods. 
a1300 E. E. Psalter cxxxv. 13 pat delt the Rede See inj 
delinges wele. 
. Intercourse, friendly or erp communica- 
tion, connexion. Now ey 
1538 Starkey England 1. ii. ro oe euery man iche 
rg wyth al ryghtwyse and Pat delyng togyddur. 1586 
Day £ ecretarie 1. (1625) About two moneths 
aiatas he ’ dealings with a ne pkboer of yours, touching 
a Farme. x61x Brste an iv. vie lewes haue no dealings 
with the Famrrax Bulk & Selv. 55 
The dealing or edness 2 is between body and body, 
—_ as real as that petwenn bod and ghost, 1712 ARBUTH- 
‘ohn Bull 1. viii, Hocus had dealings with John's _ 
1855 Ma rear” C3 Eng. U1. 678 It was «he 
with St. 
3. T ading , traffickin; buying and selling. 
1664 wai Kat Hort. (7 uch as would not be 
impos’d a find t it Ware and Dealing at 
Brumpton- a 1808 Rocers Pol. Econ, iii. (ed. 3) 22 
ere dealings are transacted on a large scale, it is not 
difficult for commodities to be exchang Against com- 


allowed in of their own ..Servants. 1885 Sfectator 
8 » 1043/1 fluctuations of which have marked 
's dealings with 


the 
+ ith. Obs. nonce-wd. ([f. Dau v., after 
wealth, growth.| Portion dealt. 


Mean a3 Wuitinc Hist. Albino & B. (N.), Then know, 
Bel since thou aimst at wealth, Where Fortune has 


bestowed dealth. 
+ Des mbulate, v. Obs. [f. L. deambula 


and neighbours. 
3. As a translation of Eccl. L. decdnus, applied 
to a head or ent of ten monks in a monastery. 


eles bn Rw Reg aa Benedict, c. xxi, 
~elder 


é to 
walk abroad : phic IL 4 ee 
1623 Cock) KERAM, D, hes Tad, a 
Deambulation ie: mbiule* on). L. 
deambulation-em, n. of action f. de iano 
The action of walking abroad or taking a walk. 
lypocr. 148 They ¢ deambula- 


Sketton Jmage 
tions With great ostentations. 1531 Etyor Gov. 1. xvi, Suche 
within the house, or in the 
ions or moderate walkynges. 1. 
hed Bea J Dan. iv. Hijb, In this kinges ydle deambu- 
lacion. W. Scrater Jun. in W. Sclater’s Malachi 
(1650) Ep. Ded., At your refections, deambulations, confer- 
ences. 1 Neate & Wess Durandus’s ee Ch. p. 
Ixvii, ‘They had void spaces for deambulation. 1849 Lytton 
Caxtons 1. u.ix, Book in hand, he would, on fine days, pace 
eh and fro .. In these deambulations, as he called em, he 
nerally a companion. 
oS ambula:tor. Os. [L. deambulator, 
agent-n. f. deambulare (see above).] One who 


walks abroad. 

cl J. Taytor (Water P.) Trav. Wks. 11. 76 The Od- 
combyan Deambulator, Perambulator, Ambler, Trotter, or 
vntyred Traueller, Sir Tho. Coriat. 

Dea'mbulatory, @. and sé. [ad. L. deambu- 
latori-us fit for wa cing in, etc., whence -dtorium 
sb., place to walk in.] 

A. adj. Moving about from place to place; 
movable, shifting. 

1607 CoweELt /nterpr. s.v. Eschequer, In Scotland the 
Eschequer was stable, but the other session was deambula- 
torie. a16 LENNARD tr. Charron's Wisd. u. iii. § ag 
238 In it self unequal, wavering, deambulatory. a1 
Morton Efisc. Fustified 142 The deambulatory actors used 
to have their guczetus est. 

B. sé. A place to walk in for exercise; esp. a 


covered walk or cloister. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy . xi, Fresche alures. .That called 
were deambulatoryes, Men to walke to geder twayne & 
twayne, To kepe them drye when it dyde rayne. ba hag iho 
Hen, VT in T. J. Carter King’s Coll. Chapel 1 f th 
which [cloistre square] the deambulatorie xiiij fete eile: 
1834 Gent. Mag. CIV. 1. 55 An inscription in a Roman 
garden informe: ‘the walker, that when he had made five 
turns of the deambulatory he had completed a mile. 


+Deambulatouwr, Sc. Ods. [Suffix repr. F. 

-atotr.] =prec. sb. 

1513 Douctas nes vu, iv. 62 Wythin the cheif deam- 
bulatour on raw Of forfaderis gret yma; id stand. a 1572 
Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 392 Thair suldiouris in greit 
cumpaneis .. resortit to Sanct Geillis Kirk in Edinburgh, 
and maid thair commune deambulatour thairin. 

Deame, obs. form of DEEM, DIME. 

De-americanize: see Dr- II. 1. 

+ De-a'm: oye v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dx- II. 2 
+ AMPLE. deprive of amplitude, belittle. 

1657 REEVE God’s Plea 207 It doth grieve me to see how 
great aon are deamp' led and dismagned amongst you. 

Dean ! (dm). Ke orms: 4-5 dene, deen(e, den, 
5 deyn(e, (dyen), 6 Sc. dane, 5-7 deane, 7— 
dean. [ME. deen, den, a. OF. deien, dien, mod.F. 
doyen =Sp. and It. " decano, Pg. dedo, Cat. degd :—L. 
decan-um one set over ten (cf. Exod. xviii. 21 Vulg.), 
also Gr. dexavds, explained from 5éxa, dec-em ten. 

Whether viewed as Gr. or L., the form of the word offers 

ifficulties. In both languages, it had also an early astro- 
logical 3 sense, | “the chief of ten parts, or of ten de; ofa 

sign’: see Decan. masius, De annis climac- 
tevicis et antiqua Astrologia (Leyden, 1648), considers this 
the original sense, and holds it to be a term of oriental 
astrology, which was merely assimilated to S¢xa, decemt, in 
Grand L. Asa military term, the Gr. derivative Sexavia 
occurs=L, decuria, in the Tactica of Elian and of Arrian 
(both c. 120); the L. decanus occurs in Vegetius De Re 
Militari c. 386. The word is then used by Jerome ¢ 
= his ‘translation of Exodus xviii. 21, 25, W the id 
vio; and about the same time the 


— ‘a may. 


Rok AvcusTiNE De Moribus Eccl. Cath. i. 31 Eis quos 
Mt fouwtagu Acts § Bom Sp iietptie Desons, cf'Tensh men, 
ouNTAGU Ac. or Tenth men 
barges yO Sotciieter commoletion. 1695 Kexnett 
ar. ee AA ‘G50 De eae The like Be of deans 


began in 
those She ne Benedictine order’ where the whole convent 
was beg gd a decuries, < a erry = tenth 
cad preside over the other nine in the larger 
inn both eas Spl = os peeenuel bed asae 

senior a special preemin: some- 
times the care ~ i the other devolved upon him alone. 
And t of 1 deans was cer- 
tainly ovms to to this ss acre. pr a Catholic fer s.v., The 


senior dean, the abbot provost, 
governed the LR 

4. The head of the chapter or body of canons of 
a collegiate or cathedral church. 


Arising out of the monastic use. ‘ As a cathedral officer, 
the decanus dates from the 8th ic, when he is found, after 
the monastic pattern, as sub to the pracposit: 
provost, who was the bishop's vi 


erent as head of rhs 
chapter’. But ‘the office in its full development dates only 
from the roth or 11th c...the Dean of S ¢. Paul's, a.D. 1086, 
being the first English dean’. Dict. Chr. Antis 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 337 Sir fs a was hie 
— cf pcg - Lance. F Pi. B. xm. 65 ve freke 

ifor en les Prec’ 'ABYAN 
Chron. Vite 327 5 reat base ot Does ae Mayster ter Richarde 
Wethyrsh: 1577 Harrison England u. i. (187 
14 Cathedrall churches, wherein the deanes (a oh 
not knowne in England before the Conquest) doo beare 
the cheefe rule. 1641 Termes de la Ley 101 Deane and 
Chapter is a body rate spirituall, consisting of .. 
the Deane (who is chiefe) and his Prebends, and they 
together make this Corporation. 1689 Woop Zi/e 17 June, 
Dr. Aldridge, canon of Ch, Ch. [was] installed deane. 2714 
Swit Jmit. Hor. Sat. 1. vi.43 Good Mr. Dean, go change 
your gown. 1846 MeCuttocn Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 11. 
263 Phere may be a chapter without any dean, as the 
chapter of the ree church of Southwell. . Every dean 
must be resident in his cathedral church four score and ten 
days ..in every year. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop Mrs. Hailib. 
— “Will you pardon my intruding upon you here, Mr. 
Dean?’ he began. 

5. A presbyter invested with jurisdiction or pre- 
cedence (under the bishop or archdeacon) over a 
division of an archdeaconry; more fully called rural 
dean; formerly (in some cases) dean of Christi- 
anity ; ; see CHRISTIANITY 4. (There were also 
urban deans (decani urbani): see Kennett Par. 


Antig. I. 3 
Fhe tel ee ey in England till the Ref ion, and 


in France till the Revolution, ¢ powers of visitation, ad- 
ministration, and jurisdiction, which are still retained in 
some Roman Catholiccountries. In England the and 


title became almost obsolete from the x6th c., but have, 

since 1835, been generally revived for purposes of diocesan 

organization. See Dansey, Hore Decanica Rurales, 3835- 

(Kennett, Du Cange, etc., have cited 

this sense from the ‘ ws of Edw 

but ¢ decantes is an intern not in the 

- us spoken of being reall ia sense 2 above.) 
Cursor M. 29539 ( es fe, pate te fant eer 

Pte. be, Pat power a be, Pat es it first 

furth sent, Als dene or official iugement. ¢ 1380 Wycuir 

pags dy mieaag bei oo — by officialis & 


denes. ¢ oLLAND Howdlat a1 .- Was dene 
reraletaan, Pol. Poems ( ) I. Ls 
den no favour t ere Dee if se see ames a them sylver 
rounde. ‘onk of Evesham (Ar' b) 0 OF the negli 
ens of den: af archedekons and of other ices, tet 
Treeaee. ‘ust. Pessisss0) 121 It shalbe leful to al 
&e. weare Sarcenet in 


ye 1697 7 Br. Gn ee eel ha 


exercised in some io has unhappily 
Yisused in this, ok how long =y: know not). a 
Priveaux Direct. Ch. aa fe 4 oa amg doce Lloyd 
went 4 so far..as to name R Deanry of 


use en gene below) appears in Cod. Theodos. xvi. 
Cassian’s /ustit. iv. 10. In later times of the em) 
applied to various civil functionaries. From these monastic 
and civil uses come all the modern senses of dean. 
+1. Representing various uses of late L. decdnus : 
- head, chief, or commander of a division of ten. 
Wycur Ex. xviii. 21 Ordeyne thou of hem tribunes, 
| centuriouns, and quing es, and deenys [1 


modities. 
4. Acting (in some Sen way) towards others ; 
way of ro Ne conduct, behaviour. 
Py I Caxton G. de la Tour E vij b, For of good delyng 
ros guydynge hagas! rene pee “worship and honoure, 
c1s00o Melusine an & abhomynable deelyng, 
1a Lp Lp. re Froiss. Ay Boe cxxvii. 154 To ryde out to se 
of Ser. 1 waG. Harvey Lett.-bk. 
(Camden A present redres of so yet delings. 1674 
in Essex ax Papers (Cs (Camden) I, 176 The unworthy dealing 
of Sir oward. 1874 Morty Comfrontise (1886) 37 
Want of faithful dealing § in the highest matters. 
Be with with: Acting towards, treatment of. 
a@x679 T. Goopwis Wks. (1861) 111. 288 beac if God will 
use his absoluteness .. in this his dealing with his 
a Hicxes & Newson b A Kettlewell s 1 vie 175 Such a 
with their Soveraign as they.. would not have 


ten, Vulg. decanos). exaee Secrees 187, ¥ fo we 
i Iyiek Seloes tone donys, sche toe tae ae 

leres, & vche ledere tene denys, en men, 
Ibid., Lah) pe a ledere tene ee and Fite 3 vehe a dyen 
ten men. 1483 Caxton ae cag: 59/2 Ondeyne 6 of them 
poe ss & centuriones & may in all tymes 


2s Asa 3 of med.L. decanus, applied 
in the ‘Laws of ere te Confessor’ to the 
teoding-ealdor, borsholder, headborough, or ti 
man, the headman of a /riddorh pip advises 7 
(See Stubbs, Const. Hist. I. v. 87.) Obs. 
justia — of ay £ xxviii, Sic bn pte 
tus cere, Angie autem i Govt, Bg Hoc est 
ca . Bacon 5 
ait pa! bm nap she pledoon ms, tbe tbe chic 


the Di 1765 Bu ro 1, "ses The rural 
deans are very antient officers of the church, but almost 
os their deaneries still subsist as an 


grown out of use; eo 
ecclesiastical the diocese, or archdeaconry. 
Potwnere Trad. & Recoil. 11. 610 On visiting the church 
at L. St. Columb as Dean-rural. 
b. In the American Episcopal Church, the 
president of a Convocation (q.v., 3 b)- 
6. In other ecclesiastical uses: 
Dean of Peculiars: ei ggte Ge 
a cu u 
ot sage BN is ieee from the ry pi ary of 


A the diocese within which it is situated e.g. the Dean of 


b ee ee ‘ig is and With f ~ ls 
‘ayal in t. — 
tas Deans et t ne § J ppg ts : fray tie 
Ch. of Seat, who sales ary 
belonging to the of Hol 
pies eee iar vsion aver hie en 
perishes aaiied s exempt from the authority of 
Dean oe td oto Canterbaass the Bishop of 
Lone as ae og meee eae 


ence ten to sagiete 
aa Balkans Cae ts, a Hane lL ovate rg 


DEAN. 


his majesty, throughout that whole journey [into Scotland] 
which, as he was dean of the chappel, he was not obliged 
todo. 1660 R. Coxe Power §& Subj. 203 The King shall 
present to his free chappels (in default of the Dean). 1726 
Ayvurre Parergot 192 The Judge of this Court..is dis- 
tinguished by the title of Dean or Official of the Court of 
Arches. /éid. 205 There are also some Deans in England 
without any Jurisdiction; only for Honour so stiled; as 
the Dean of the Royal Chapel, the Dean of the Chapel of 
St. George at Windsor. 1846 MeCuttocn Acc. Brit. Empire 
(1854) LI, 265 The third species of Deans are those of 
peculiars..Deans of peculiars have sometimes jurisdiction 
and cure of souls, as the Dean of Battle, in Sussex, and 
sometimes jurisdiction only, as the Dean of the Arches, 
London. x Whitaker's Almanack, Dean of the Chapels 
Royal, The Bishop of London. 

7. In the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge: 
The title of one or more resident fellows appointed 
to pee the conduct and studies of the junior 
members and to maintain discipline among them, 
to present them for graduation, etc. 

e office came originally from that of the monastic dean, 
and was disciplinary ; one important function of the dean 
in early times was to preside at the disputations of the 
scholars, and in the Oxford colleges of the new foundation 
deans were appointed in the different faculties, e.g. at New 
College, two in Arts, one in Canon Law, one in Civil Law, 
and one in Theology, who presided at the disputations of 
the students in these faculties; from the end of the 16th 
¢., it became customary also in most colleges for the dean 
to present for degrees. At present the functions pertaining 

“to discipline, attendance at chapel, graduation, etc., are 
sometimes discharged by a single dean, alone or in con- 
junction with a sub-warden, vice-president, or other vice- 

erent, sometimes distributed among two or three deans; 

ence the offices of senior and junior dean, or sub-dean, 
dean of arts, dean of divinity, dean of degrees, existing 
in some colleges. 

[In the Statutes of Merton Coll., tt such officers are 
appointed ‘numero cuilibet vicenario vel etiam decenario,’ 
but the title decanus is not used. 1382 Stat, New Coll. 
Oxon. xiv, Quinque socii..qui sub dicto custode tanquam 
ejus coadjutores Scholarium et Sociorum ipsorum curam et 
regimen hakenues qualiter scilicet in studio scholastico et 
morum honestate proficiant .. Quos omnes sic prefectos 
Decanos volumus nuncupari. Permittentes quod illi ambo 
Decani facultatum Juris Canonici et Civilis eligi poterunt, 
etc.] 1577 Harrison England i. iii. (1877) 1. 81 There is 
moreouer in euerie house a maister or prouost, who hath 
vnder him a president, and certeine censors or deanes, 
appointed to looke to the behavour and maners of the 
students there. 1847 TENNYSON Princ. Prol. 161 At college 
.. They lost their weeks : they vext the souls of deans, 185; 
C. Bepe Verdant Green iv, He had been Proctor an 
College Dean there. 1891 RasHpAtt in Clark ColZ. Oxford 
157 (ew Coll.) The discipline was mainly in the hands of 
the Sub-Warden and the five deans—two Artists, a Canonist, 
a Civilian, and a Theologian—-who presided over the dis- 
putations of their respective Faculties. 

/8. The president of a faculty or department of 
“study in a University, as in the ancient continental 
and Scotch Universities, and in the colleges affiliated 
to the modern Universities of London, Victoria, etc. 

In U. S., the dean is now a registrar or secretary. 

[x27x Chartul. Univ. Paris. 1. 488 Magistro J. de 
Hethuties tunc existente decano facultatis medicine. 1282 

_Ibid, I. 595 Canonicus Parisiensis et decanus theologice 
“facultatis. 1413 Furamentum Bachalariorum, St. An- 
drews, Ego juro quod ero obediens facultati arcium et 
decano eiusdem. 1453 Jas. II. Letter in Munim. Univ. 
Glasg. 1. 6 Facultatum decanos procuratores nacionum 
regentes magistros et scholares in prelibata Universitate.] 
1524 JAs. Letter to St, Andrews 19 Nov., Maister 
Mertyne Balfour vicar of Monymeil, den of faculte of art of 
the said universite. Ibid. 28 Feb., Dean of facultie 
of Theologie of the said university. 1578 Contract in 

Munim. Univ. Glasg. 1. 119 Maister Thomas Smeitoun 

minister of Paslay and dean of facultie of the said Univer- 

sitie. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S¢. Gt. Brit. u. m1. (1743) 438 

The University of Glasgow..had originally considerable 

Revenues for the Maintenance of a Rector, a Dean of 
Faculty, a Principal or Warden, etc. 1875 Edin. Univ. Cal, 

37 The affairs of each Faculty are presided over by a Dean, 

who is elected from among Professors of the Faculty. 

tr. Compayrés Abelard 135 The deans .. were the rea 

inistrators of their respective Faculties. They presided 
in the assemblies of their company, and were members of 
the council of the University. 

b. Dean of Faculty: the 

Faculty of Advocates in Scotlan 
1664 Minutes Faculty of Advocates 4 June (MS. in Adv. 
Libr.), Motione being made anent the electione of ane 
deane of faculty. 1826 Scotr Diary 7 June in Lockhart, 
I went to the of Faculty’s to a consultation about 

Constable. 

e. Also the usual title of the head of a school 

of medicine attached to a ee 

1849 Minutes of Committee St. Thomas's Hosp. 23 May, 
The Committee having been summoned for the purpose of 

taking into ation the appointment of a Dean .. it 
was agreed .. that some one member of the Medical School 
shall for each year act in the capacity and with the title of 


shea of the 


‘Dean of the Medical School’. Boss Prospectus St. 
Ee yes Med, Sch. 16 Dean of the School, G. H. Makins, 


9. Dean of guild: a. in the medizval guilds, an 
officer who summoned the members to attend 
meetings, etc.; b. in Scotland, the head of the 
guild or merchant-company of a royal burgh, who 
is a magistrate charged with the supervision of all 
buildings within the burgh. 

Except in the four cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, 
and Aberdeen, where he is still elected iy the guildry, this 
officer is now chosen by the town-councillors 


c rom among 
their own number, 


69 


1389 in Exg. Gilds 46 On Dene, for to warnyn alle p° gild 
beabeen and sistren. 1469 Sc. Acts Fas. I/1 (1597) § 29 
Al Officiares perteining to the towne: As Alderman, 
Baillies, Deane of Gild, and vther officiares. 1754 ErskiNE 
Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 43 The Dean of Guild is that magis- 
trate of a royal borough, who is head of the merchant- 
company; he has the cognisance of mercantile causes 
within borough ., and the inspection of buildings. 1806 
Gazetteer Scotl, (ed. 2) 506 Selkirk is a royal borough. .It is 
governed by 2 bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, and 10 
counsellors, 1864 Kirk Chas. Bold I. u. i. 451 The deans 
of the guilds and the principal citizens, who had come out 
to meet him. 

10. The president, chief, or senior member of any 
body. [=F. doyen.] 

1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2215/2 At the Boots of the Coach 
went the Pages..and by them the Dean or chief of the 
Footmen in black Velvet. 1827 HarpMan Battle of Water- 
Zoo 15 Ah! ah! Boney, must you, or our Duke, be the chief 
dean? 1889 Times 25 Nov. 6 The Diplomatic Agents at 
Cairo. .met at the residence of the dean, the Consul-General 
of Spain, Sefior de Ortega. 

b. Dean of the Sacred College: see quot. 1885. 

1703 Loud. Gaz. No. 3921/1 The Cardinal de Bouillon will 
return hither ..to exercise his Function of Dean of the 
College of Cardinals. 1885 Catholic Dict. s.v., The Cardinal 
Dean is the chief of the sacred college; he is usually the 
oldest of the Cardinal Bishops. . He presides in the consistory 
in the absence of the Pope. 

ll. Comé. 

1862 Sat. Rev. XIV. 706/1 If Lord Shaftesbury is to be 
a Dean-maker. /éid., The whole system of Dean-making 
needs reform. 

Dean”, dene (dm). Forms: 1 denu, 1- 
dene, 2-4 dane, 5 deyne, 6 Sc. dyne, 8-9 dean. 
[OE. denu, acc. dene, valley :—OTeut. *danz-, 
from the same root as OE. den(7, DEN (:—OTeut. 
danj-ont), q.v.] A vale: a. formerly the ordinary 
word, literal and figurative (as in OE. dap-denu 
valley of death, ME. dene of teres), and still occur- 
ring in the general sense in some local names, as 
the Dean, Edinburgh, Zaunton Dean, the wide 
valley of the Tone above Taunton, and perh. Deaz 
Forest; b. now, usually, the deep, narrow, and 
wooded vale of a rivulet. 

As acommon appellative, used in Durham, Northumber- 
land, and adjacent parts of Scotland and England; as part 
of a proper name, separate or in composition, occurring 
much more widely, e. g. Denholnt Dean in Roxburghshire, 
Fesmond Dean or Dene near Newcastle, Castle Eden Dean 
or Dene and Hawthorndene in Durham, Chellow Dene 
near Bradford, North Dean near Halifax, Hepworth Dene 
near Huddersfield, Deefdene near Dorking, East Dean, 
West Dean, Ovingdean, Rottingdean, in deep wooded vales 
in the chalk downs near Brighton. The spelling dene is 
that now prevalent in Durham and Northumberland. In 
composition often shortened to dex, as Marden, Smarden, 
Biddenden, etc. in Kent. 

c825 Vesp. Psalter \xxxiii. 7 In dene teara [iz convalle 
lacrimarum). Ibid. ciii. 10 In deanum. c1000 ALLERIC 
Gram. (Z.) 56 Uallis, dene. c1000 Ags, Gos. Luke iii. 5 
Elc denu [Lindisf dene, Hatton dane] bid zefylled. a1300 
E. E. Psalter \xxxiii. 7 (Mitz.), In dene of teres. ¢1325 
E. E. Allit. P. A. 295 Pou says hou trawez me in pis dene. 
1340 Ayenb. 59 Ich wille maki pe helles and be danes. 
a 1400-50 A lexander 5421 Pan dryues he furth. .into a deyne 
entris, A vale full of vermyn. 1594 Batt. Balrinness in Sc. 
Poenrs 16th C. 11.355 Now must I flie, or els be slaine.. With 
that he ran ouer ane dyne Endlongis ane lytill burne. 1612 
Drayton Polyolb. iii. 418 Tauntons fruitfull Deane. 1794 
W. Hurcuinson Hist. Durham II.1 There are some deep 
and woody vales or deans near this mansion [at Castle 
Eden). 1806 Hd? Advertiser 11 Jan. 2/2 The Estate offers 
.-deans for plantations, sheltered from the sea. 1816 Sur- 
TEES Hist. Durham 1. 1. 44 The wild beauties of the Dene 
[at Castle Eden]. 18 3 Murray Handbk. Durham 13 The 
deep wooded denes which débouche upon the coast. 

Dean 3, As a Cornish mining term: The end 
of a level. 

1874 in Knicur Dict. Mech. 1881 in Raymonp Mining 

loss. 

De-anathematize, v. : see Dr- II. 1. 

Deand, obs. north. form of Dy1nc. 

Deane, obs. form of Din; var. of Darn sé. 

Deanery (dnori). Also 5 denerye, deyn- 
rye, 6 denry, 6-9 deanry. [f. Dran!+-zry: 
the AFr. form denrvie was prob. from Eng.] 

1. The office or position of a dean. 

[ze92 Britton 1. xvii. § 6 Dené [v.rr. denee, denrie], ou 
thresorie, ou chaunterie.] c1440 Promp. Parv. 118 Denerye, 
decanatus. 1483 Cath. Angl. 95 A Deynrye, decania. 
1534 Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 3 § 9 Any.. Priorie, Arch- 
deaconry, Deanry..or any other benefice or promocion 
spiritual. 1588 J. Upatt Diotrephes (Arb.) 26 To beg the 
Byshoppricks, Deanries, and such great places. 1647 
Crarennon Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 37/2 When he could no 
longer keep the deanery of the change! royal. 1706 HuAarNE 
Collect, 25 Dec., Upon quitting his Deanery in the College 
[St. John’s, Oxford]. x Swirt Drafier’s Lett. vii, The 
deanries all., are in the donation of the crown. 18 
Macautay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 87 The Deanery of Christ- 
church became vacant. 

2. The group of parishes, forming a division of 
a diocese, over which a rural dean presides ; for- 
merly, also, the jurisdiction of a dean. 

a 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's xii. 47 A Preiste .. that 
enatAve the Chirche of seynt saseyi .. had receyuyd one 
ym. .the deynrye of nyghchirches for ma | ica 
to discusse. x Harrison Zug. u1. i. (1877) 1. 15 Vnto 
these deanerie churches also the cleargie in old time of the 
same deanrie were appointed to repaire at sundrie seasons, 
there to i hol ordi and to consult. 


| 


DEAR. 


1642 Sir E, Derinc Sf. on Relig.g1 Appeale may be to the 
rurall Deanery. 1695 Kennett Par. Antig. (1818) II. 338 
The bishops divided each diocese into deaneries or tithings, 
each of which was the district of ten parishes or churches. 
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Arches, The judge of the 
court of arches, is called the dean of the arches. . with which 
officialty is commonly joined a peculiar jurisdiction over 
thirteen parishes in London, termed a deanry. 1835 
Dansey Hore Dec. Rur. I, 19 The division of dioceses at 
that time into decennaries or deanries. 1837 Penny Cycl. 
VIII. 340/1 The report of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 
1835, recommends that each parish shall be assigned to 
a deanery, and each deanery toan archdeaconry. 1890 Br. 
Westcort in Durham Dioc. Gaz. 1V. 34 Some improvements 
will, I trust, be made in the assignment of parishes to the 
several Deaneries. 

3. The official residence of a dean. 

1598 Suaks. Merry W. iv. vi. 31 And at the Deanry, 
where a Priest attends, Strait marry her. 1727 Eart or 
Oxrorp in Szw#/t’s Lett, 12 Oct., I was in hopes..that you 
would not have gone to your deanery till the Spring. 1855 
Macautay Hist, Eng. LV. 251 Late at night he was brought 
to Westminster, and was suffered to sleep at his deanery. 

4. Comb., as + deanery church (the church of a 
rural dean), deanery house. 

1587 Harrison England u. i. (1877) 1. 15 But as the 
number of christians increased, so first monasteries, then 
finallie parish churches, were builded in euery iurisdiction : 
from whence I take our deanerie churches to haue their 
originale, now called mother churches, and their incumbents 
archpreests. 1720 Swirr Poems, Apollo to Dean, That 
traitor Delany. .seditiously came..To the deanery house. 

Deaness (dznés).  [f. Dean 1 +-xss.] 

1. A woman who is head of a female chapter. 
[L. decana, F. doyenne.] 

1759 STERNE 7r. Shandy u. xxxv, The Abbess of Qued- 
lingberg .. with the four great dignitaries of her Chapter, 
the prioress, the deaness, the sub-chantress, and senior 
canoness. 1878 SreLey Stezx II. 347 Abbess v. Gilsa, 
Deaness vom Stein, and Canoness v. Metzsch. 

2. humorous. The wife of a dean. 

1884 G. ALLEN Philistia 1.113 Fancy little Miss Butterfly 
a rural deaness ! 

Dea‘-nettle. 00s. exc. dial. Forms: 6-dee-, 
8- day-, 9 dea-, deea-, deye-, dae-. [Generally 
held to be a reduction of dead-nettle (in Trevisa 
deed-nettyll) ; but the phonology is not clear.] 
A name given to the species of Lamium (DEAD- 
NETTLE) and other Labiates having nettle-like 
leaves ; but in Scotland and the North of England 
more especially to the Hemp-nettle, Galeopsis 
Zetrahit, the acute calyx-segments of which, when 
dry and rigid, often wound the hands of reapers. 

1523 Firzuers. //us0. § 20 ‘There be other wedes not spoken 
of, as dee-nettylles, dodder, and suche other, that doo moche 
harme, 1788 MarsHatt, Aur. Econ. E. Yorksh. Gloss., 
Dea-nettle, galeopsis tetrahit, wild hemp. 1853 G. JoHNSTON 
Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 162 Labourers in harvest are some- 
times affected with whitlow, and they ascribe the disease 
invariably to the sting of the Deye-nettle. 1878 Cusbrid. 
Gloss., Deda, Déca, Dee nettle, the dead nettle—Lamiunt 


album. 
De-anglicize, v.: see Dr- II. 1. 
(De- II. 1.] trans. To 


De-a'nimalize, v. 
deprive of its animal character. 

1865 [utell. Observer XX XVIII. 96 The negative evidence 
.-does not deanimalise it. 1887 E. P. Power, Heredity 
JSrom God 155 The tendency is to deanimalize the organs, 
and to create an intellectual type. 

Deanship (dnjip). [f. Dean! +-sur.] 

1. The office, position, or rank of a dean ; the 
tenure of this office. 

1611 CotGr., Doyenné,a Deanerie, or Deaneship. 1761 
Warton Life Bathurst 214 (V.) Those [chapter-acts] that 
were made during his deanship. 1827 Cossrtr Protestant 
Reform, u. § 47 The Bishopricks, ihe Parish-livings, the 
Deanships .. are in fact all in their gift. 1881 New Eng. 
Frnl, Educ. XXIV. 347 Prof. P. J. Williams to the dean- 
ship of the Normal department. 

2. The personality of a dean: used humorously 


as a title. 

1588 Marfrel. Epist. (Arb.) 3 May it please you..to ride 
to Sarum and thanke his Deanship for it. 1729 Swirt 
Poems, Grand Question xxxiii, I then shall not value his 
Deanshipa straw. 1812 Parr Let. Dec. 12 Wks. (1828) VI I. 
470 His Deanship perhaps has brought from his escrutoire 
his old Concio for the Doctorate. 

De-anthropomo‘rphize, v. [Dr- Il. 1.] 
trans. To deprive of its anthropomorphic cha- 
racter; to divest of its (attributed) human form. 
So De-anthropomorph-iza‘tion, -ized, -izing, 
-ism. 

1874 Fiske Cosmic Philos. 1. 176 A continuous process of 
deanthropomorphization. 1879 J. Jacoss in 19th Cent. 
Sept. 499 The deanthropomorphised Deity of Maimonides. 
1884 Pall Mail G. 4 Jan. 4/2 The‘ de-anthropomorphising’ 
process will continue, says Mr. Spencer. 1886 Romanes in 
Contemp. Rev. July 52 A continuous growth of ‘ deanthropo- 
morphism ’.. passing through polytheism into monotheism 
+ .a progressive ‘ purification ’ of theism. 

De-appetize, -ing: see Dr- II. 1. 

+ Dear, 54.1 Oés. In 3-4 dere. [app. repr. an 
unrecorded OE. *dferu, *déoru = OHG. tturi, 
MHG. tiure, OLG. diuré fem. preciousness, glory, 
high value, dearness, dearth. Cf. Drar a.1] 

Dearness, dearth. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 416 Gret. .dere of byng pe seuene 3er 
me say. ¢ be ig Havelok 824 A strong dere Bigan to rise of 
korn of bred. did. 841, I wene that we deye mone For 
hunger, pis dere is so strong. c1330 R. Brunne Chron, 


DEAR. 


Wace (Rolls) 16419 In his tyme failled pe corn..Of pat 

goede Spunk lees Guia agate fu ds choral 

Dear (dis), a.landsé.4 Forms: 1 diore, déore, 
dyre, 2-3 deore, 2 dere, 3-6 dere, (3 dure, 
dizere, 4 dir, diere, dyere), 4-5 der, 4-7 deere, 

(4 duere, 5 deure), 5-6 deyr, 5-7 deir, 6-7 
deare, 6- dear; 5-6 Sc. com, " dete. supertat, 
darrest. [OE. déore, earlier diore; in early 
WS. diere, late WS. dyre (but also déore as in 
non- WS.) ; a Com. Teut. adj., = OF ris. diore, diure 
(WFris. djoer, EFris. dir), MDu. diere, dire 
(Du. dier beloved, diver high-priced), OS. déurt 
(MLG. dtire, LG, ‘dir), OHG. ¢iuri glorious, dis- 

tinguished, worthy, costly (MHG. tiure, tiur, MG. 
tire, Ger. teuer), ON. dyrr worthy, precious, 
costly (Sw., Da. dyv); Goth. not recorded. These 
forms ge, nen to OTeut. type *deur-yo-, *diur-jo-.] 
Ms : 

Py Gisdous, noble, honourable, worthy. Ods. 

a 1000 Riddles xxxiv. (Gr.), Is min modor magpa cynnes 
pzs deorestan. cme Ags. Ps. cxvii. 10 On Dryhtnes 
naman deorum. 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 445 To-ward pe 
derrest on pe dece e dressez pe face. ¥ Cant. de 
Creatione 7o1 in Anglia 1, I am Michel, angel dere 
Ordeyned abouen man. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 1601 Pe dere 
kynge hyme selfene i peggecen a syr Cadore with his dere 
knyghttes .. To ryde with pe Romaynes. a 1400-50 
Alexander 4644 I, sir Dyndyn pe derrest at duells in pis 
Ile, Pe best or he bragmeyns. ¢ 1450 Hottanp Howlat 281 
With dukis and with digne lordis, darrest in dale. _ <r. 
Epwaroves Cephalus & P., L’ ae (1878) 61-2 Oh deere 
sonnes of stately kings. 1596 S HAKS. 1 Hen. IV, 1v. iv. 31 
Corriuals and deare men Of estimation and command. 1606 


— Tr. & Cr, v. iii. 27 Life euery man holds deere, but the 
deg Wan Holds honor farre more precious, deere, then life. 
Often used adsol. 

5 LE. E. Allit. P. B. 1394 Dere drozen per-to & vpon 
ri metten. ¢ 1420 Anturs Arik. i, Wythe dukys, and 
with dosiperus, that with the deure dwellus. 

2. Regarded with personal feelings of high esti- 
mation and affection; held in deep and tender 
esteem ; beloved, loved. 

+ To have dear, hold dear: to love [=Ger. Lieb haben, 
Du. liefhebben). 

The earlier sense was that of ‘esteemed, valued’ rather 
than ‘loved’ (=Ger. tener, not ¢ieb), but the passage of the 
one notion into the other is too gradual to admit of their 
separation. 

@ 1000 Fuliana 725 (Gr.) Feder frofre gest..and se deora 
sunu. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gos. Luke vii. 2 Sumes hundred-mannes 
peowa..se was him dyre. c 1205 Lay. 4377 Pe king haued 
ane dohter be him is swude dure [c 1278 at he loueth 
swipe]. a 1300 Cursor M. 3626 (Cott.) Mi leue sone .. 
pou ert mi derest barn. /é7d. 20133 (Cott.) Saint iohn 
hir keped & had ful dere. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Ant.’s 7. 590 
Ther nas no man that Theseus hath so derfe. ¢ 1435 
Torr. Portugal 931, | have a dowghttyr that ys me dere. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 His dere darlynges 
and well beloved frendes. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II 
174 He that wes his darrest sone in law. 
Educ. Wks. (1847) 100/1 Dear to God, and famous to all 
Ages. 1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. ‘(1659) 138 All those 
Thou hast made near and dear unto me. 1797 Mrs. Rav- 
curFE /talian xiii, Ellena, have ng" | Tce how 
dear you are to me. 1891 E. Peacock Brendon 1. 225 
He was a very dear friend of mine. 


b. Used in addressing a person, in affection or | 


regard. 

¢ 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 1569 Fader dere, bidde ic de, Dat sum 
bliscing gif Su me. c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3375 Mi dere 
frende Gij. ¢ 1340 Cursor M, 10483 (Trin.) Dere god here 
preyere myne, cx Caxton E sea of Ayome 3 xxii. 470 
* Dere syre’, sayd the duke Naymes, sende vs for 
noughte.” 1641 More's Edw. V, 12 My pedo my deare 
kinsmen and allies. 1737 Pore "Hor. Ep. i vi. 3 Plain 
truth, dear Murray, needs no flow'rs of speech. 1820 
SHELLEY Gdipus 1. 102 Why what's the matter, my dear 
fellow, now? 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 277 Do not all 
men, my dear sir, desire good? 

ec. In the introductory address or subscription of 
a letter. 

Dear Father, Brother, Friend, Dear Yohn, and the 
like, are still affectionate and intimate, and made more so 
by prefixing 4/y; but Dear Sir (or Dear Mr. A.) has be- 
come _— the 17th c. the ordinary polite form of addressing 
= equal 

Q. Marer. in Four C. Eng. Lett. 7 Right dere 


an welbeloved. 1503-4 Q. Marer. (of Scotl.) to Hen. VII 
in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. 1. 41 My most dere lorde and fader. 
1516 — to Hen. VIII, ita. I. 129 Derest broder, As hartly 


as I can I voce me onto you. @1610 MerieL ar pire 
ton to Mrs. Barnady, ibid. u. 111, 218 Deare Aunt, I 
as _willinge [etc.]. 1623 Dx. Buckincuam fo Yas. /, ibid. 
III. 146 Dere Dad, Gossope, and Steward. 1628 Asr. Usuer 
Let. to Sir R. Cottoni in Lett. Emin. Lit. haf mrs gy 138 
Sir, I know not who should bees first [etc.]. 1656 
eon . Taytor Let. in Lennar gre (1857) III. 72 Believe that 
in great heartiness and dearness of affection, Dear 
sin, our obliged and most affectionate friend and servant 
Rc hye) a Perys to Lady Carteret 4 Sept., Dear 
adam, You: yship will not (I hope) imagine ¢ fete 
1690 ee to Strype in Ellis Rows I ree 
Had se after some few days stay at 1 for a win 
7 R. Symmer to A. Mitchell tid IV. 392 Dear 
We dnell write a few lines [etc.]. 

d. The adj, is often used adsol.=‘ dear one’, 
especially in ‘dear’ or ‘my dear’ addressed to a 
person; also in the superlative d , ‘dearest’, 
‘my dearest’. Its use otherwise than in address, 
as in ‘his dear’, leads to its treatment as a sb., 
for which see B, 


70 


Ancr. R. 98 Hwo haued ihurt te, mi deore? 1362 
hamner PLA. Vu. 24 1 Lere hit me, my deore. 1590 SHaks. 
dainty Ducke: O 0 Deere! pple yy Z. 
ermione (my dearest). /é/d. 1v. iii. 15 Shall I go 
ayes deere)? @ cued ems (1650) 
14 And, home! die As often as I goe. 1712 
Ticums Spect. No. 410 P 6, I therefore came abroad to 
meet my ; And fo; in bappy Hoor I find thee here. 
1813 Mar. Epcewortn Patron. Il. xxiii. 57 ‘Really, my 
dear’, answered she, ‘I can’t say.’ 1833 Ht. Martineau 
B ley 1. vii. 143 Do not exhaust yourself at once, 
« 1879 Miss Brappon Clov. Foot xxxvili, ‘I am not 
in the clouds, dear; 1 am only anxious.’ 
e. Dearest friend may have suggested dearest 
enemy or foe; but see also DEAR a.* 2. 
“ng96 Sua, 1 Hen, 1V, m. ii, 123 Which art my neer’st 
dearest Enemie. 1602 — Ham. 1. ii. 180 Would I had 
met my dearest foe in heauen Ere I had [etc.]. 1818 
Suettey Rev. /slam x1. xv, O that I..could set my dearest 
enemy free From pain and fear 
+3. The attribute 4 is contin transferred to the 


subject of the feeling: Affectionate, loving, fond. 
1602 Suaxs. Ham, 1. ii. 111 With no lesse big -wi of 
Loue, Then that which deerest Father beares his Sonne. 


1610 — Temp. 1. ii. 179 Bountifull Fortune (Now my deere 
Lady). 1653 Watton Angler Ep. Ded., Sir Henry Wotton, 
a a lover of this Art. 

II. Of things. 

+4. Of high estimation, of great worth or value; 
precious, valuable. Ods. 

¢ 888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xiii, God word and god hlisa 
zlces monnes bib betera & deorra bonne «nig welz < 893 

- Oros. Vv. ii. (Sw.) 216/5 Corrinthisce fatu..sint fe; 
dierraa bonne zxnegzu opru, cx1200 Orin 6732 Rihht all 
swa summ hord off ee Mang menn iss horde deresst. 
c1325 LE. E. Allit. P. 2 Now is a dogge also dere pat 
in a dych lygges. c1400 Destr. Troy 1683 Dubbed ouer 
with dyamondes, bat were dere holdyn. 1470-85 MaLory 
Arthur 1. xvii, There may no rychesse be to dere for them. 

1500-20 Dunsar /histle 4& Rose 101 And crownit him with 
dyademe full deir. 1596 SHaxs. Merch, V.1. i. 62 Your 
worth is very deere in my regard. c 1600 — Sonn. xxx, 
And with old woes new wail my dear time’s waste. 

+b. Precious in import or significance; im- 
portant. Ods. 

1592 SHaxs. Rom. & Ful. v. ii. 19 The Letter was not 
nice, but full of charge, Of deare import, and the neglecting 
it May do much danger. 1596 — 1 Hen. IV, 1.1. 34 So 
dangerous and deare a trust. 1 — Lear i. i. 19 Sir, 
I do know you, And dare. .commend a deere thing to you. 

+e. In weakened sense of ‘ precious’. Obs. 

1530 PALsar. 539 You have erred many a dere daye. .maynt 
Jour. 1§.. Tournam. Tottenham io It befel in Totenham on 
a dere day, Ther was mad a shurtyng be the hy-way. 1596 
Suaks. Alerch. V. 1. v.70 O deare discretion, how his words 
are suted, 

5. The preceding passed gradually into a sense in 
which personal affection or attachment became the 
predominant notion as in 2 above: Precious in 


| one’s regard, of which one is fond, to which one 


1644 Mit TON | 
| bode here, bet we a3en to habben deore. 


| or wif, 
| Statutes dere. 


is greatly attached. 

c1175 Pater Noster 34 in Lamb. Hom. 57 Pis is pe furste 
c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 
3483 His word 3u wurde dizere al-so lif, Diane: or eider child 
©1450 Sh Cuthbert (Surtees) 3703 Our haly faders 
CoverDALe Ps. cxv. 3 Right =< in 
the sight of =i rde is the death of his sayntes. 3 
Suaks. Rich. //, 1. i. 57 This Land of such deere so ies, 
this deere-deere Land, Deere for her enn’ through the 
world, 1651 Hoses Leviath. u. xxx. 179 Those that are 
dearest to a man are his own life and re 1742 Fietpinc 
F. Andrews u. iv, Bellarmine, in the dear coach and six, 
came to wait on her. 1746 Hervey Medit. (1818) 209 Liberty, 
that dearest of names ; and property, that best of charters. 
1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. tt 306 Those ties, once so close 
and dear, which had bound hea Church of England to the 
House of Stuart. 1866 Pr. Atice Mem. (1884) 158 How dear 
of you to have written to me on the 14th. 1891 Anti-Facobin 
17 Oct. 903/2 Clad in the black surtout dear to bourgeois 
tast 


ec. 
+b. Affectionate, fond, loving. Ods. or rare. 

1591 Suaks. Two Gent. wv. iii. 14 Thou art not ignorant 
what deere good will I beare vnto the banish’d Valentine. 

¢x600 — Sonn. cxxxi, For well thou know’st to my dear 
dotin heart Thou art the fairest and most precious jewel. 
1683 Pennsylv. Archives 1. 70 With dear Love in ye lasting 
truth I salute thee. 21866 Kesie Lets. Spir. Counsel (2870) 
35 nf dear love to — and —. 

. Often as an attribute of life, heart, heart's 
Blood, etc., as things dear to one. Zo ride (ete.) 
for dear life: to ride for one’s life, as a thing dear 
to one; to ride as though life were at stake. Cf. 
next, 

rsgt Suaks. 1 Hen. I’/, 1. iv. 40 Or else this ged 
should broach thy dearest Bloud. 1602 — Ham, ut. ii. 68 
Since my deere Soule was Mistris of my choyse. 1604 — 
Oth. wu. iii. 261 Though that her Iesses were my deere 
heart-strin, 1703 Rowe Fair Penit, u. i. 413 My dear 
Peace of Mind is lost for ever. 1793 Burns ‘ Scots wha hae’ 
v, We will drain our dearest veins But. .they shall be free. 

Frira A sens I. xxi. 279 Never so happy as ion 

ome oping for dear life after a pack of hounds. a 
aper Nov. 58/2 The men were working ‘dau 
Wie™ Pa et pote [the cutter] ready for sail. 
a high price, high-priced, absolutely or re- 
tively preel peaeve; the opposite of cheap. 
Soon pre wanes mycel hunger 
ofer ealk Enslaland fa corn swa dyre .. swa pet se sester 
hweetes eode to LX pen. 1154 Tid. 3 an. 1137 a7 me 
corn —. ¢ 1320 peo Sag. 3724(W.) Than so bifell that 
corn was dere, ARBOUR Bruce xvi. 283 This is the 
derrest beiff that 4 w euir 3eit ; for It cost ane 
thousand ee mar. 1509 Hawes Past, Pleas. ww. xix, 
Nothynge I wanted, were it chepe or dere, 1595 SHAKS. 


DEAR. 


y are mean in their value. 


& spines of dere 1502 
AuwoupE. Chron. (1811 18 He Seog ‘ht the Bp at 


a og the 

City. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 46 P 3 preg med which 
I have rechaned ns ao dang ata 1891 Law Times XCI. 
pot a but you may pay for it .. at 

too dear a 

e. Said of a time or place in which gen for 
peousions, etc. are high; dear year, a year of 

dearth; also of a dealer who charges high prices. 

cr2zgo S. Eng. Leg. Tiathore is thoes e cam. ¢ 1400 
Maunpev. Lieto 44 fore is there dere Tyme in that 

Contree. 1535 CoveRDALE /’s. xxxii. 19 To fede them in the 
deare tyme, 1596 Suaks. 1 Hen. /V, i. iii. 52 The dearest 
Chand! in Europe. 1637 ] RuTHERForD Left. (1862) I. 216 
The hard fare of the dear inn. @166x Futter Worthies 
(1840) II. sor It is the dearest town in England for fuel. 
1765 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Mi I. 122, 
I have myself paid Mademoiselle Peignerelle .. In my life 
I never saw so dear a woman. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu, 
III. cxiv. 640 To .. send it .. by the cheapest routes to the 
dearest markets. i 

d. fig. Costly in other than a pecuniary sense; 
difficult to procure ; scarce. 

@ 1330 Otuel 1680 Po alle foure weren ifere, There nere 
none strokes dere. at Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. 
Aurel. (1546) Kvjb, TI art so dere in vertues, and 
makeste vyces good pg 1535 CoverDALE 1 Sam, od I 
‘The worde of y’ Lorde was deare at the same 
Kennepy Compend. Tract. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. v(a844) - 
And therefore 1s deir of the rehersing, use it wes evir 
misknawin to the Kirk of God. 1576 Turserv. Venerie 248 
‘The experience which hath bene dearer unto me particularly 
than it is meete to be published generally. 

+ 7. Senses vaguely connected with ea bypeee. Obs. 

It is possible that a was influenced by Di 

a. ‘Heartfelt; hearty; hence earnest’ (Schmidt). 

Gan L. LZ. u. i. 1 Now Madam summon vp 

our dearest spirits. 1596 — 1 Hen. /V,v. v. Hh dines Some 
yohn «Towards Yorke shall bend 
speed. 1606 — Tr. & Cr. v. as Commn oth ies in loud 
and deere petition: Pursue we him on knees. 

. ? Rare, unusual, or ? loving, kind. 

1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. ut. iii. 28 This is deare [Qo. 1 
meare] mercy, and thou seest it not. 

+8. 70 think dear: to seem right or proper; to 
seem good. Const. with dative as in methinks. 

Alex. & Dind. 1133 Whan pis makelese man .. 
Halde”. lettrus .. Endited to dindimus as him dere poute. 
2391 To deme as dere thinke. 


c 1400 Destr. Tro: 
er 1638 To do with Darius .. how so me 


a 1400-50 Alexa 
dere thinke. 
B. as sé.= Dear one, darling. 

This comes from A. 2d, through intermediate uses like 
‘I met my dear’, ‘he found his dear’ , in which the adj., 
although pie of being compared (‘his dearest’), can 
alee be treated as a sb. with plural dears. 

Destr. Troy 9225 On suche couenaund to kepe, yf 
pas ere wold. ¢ Towneley Myst. 281 Waloway ! m 
efe deres, there I stand in ys st 1590 Spenser F. 
1. vii. 16 From that day forth Duessa was his deare. 1611 
Suaxs. Wint, 7. w.iv. 227 Golden Quoifes, and Stomachers 
For my Lads, to giue their deers. 1709 Prior Epil. to 
ee The Spouse alone, impatient for her Dear. 
Cowrer Git rr. 19 You are she, my dearest dear, 
1 refore it shall be done. 1824 Byron Yuan xv. 
Things Are somehow echoed to the pretty dears. 
Wuyte Metvitte Kate Cov. xi, Come on, there's a dear! 
1880 Miss Brappon ust as [ am xlv, You are such a 
de old dear. 
sed interjectionally. Dear!, Oh dear!, 
, dear !, Dear me !: exclamations expressing 
prea astonishment, anxiety, distress, ws 
sympathy, or other emotion. Dear bless, help, 
love, save us ( you): ejaculations of astonishment, 


usually implying an appeal for higher help (ods. 
or dial.). Dear knows! goodness ny coal eaven 


knows (/ do not). 


_ These uses with a verb that dear represents or 


us dear knows ! i is exactl 


som us! i Ze a, us! and the like; but the his- 


(A derivation fr from 3 
die, pin 


et by on resting upon mod, Ei 
bet perch finds no support in the history of 
,- Double Dealer v. xxii, O dear, oie 
lush. 1719 A. Ramsay £f. ; Arbuckle 27 
ree 


ideas dance ( lear safe us !) Ast ey'd been daft. 
D’Arsiay Larly Diary (ae 36 O dear! O dear! 
melancholy has been to us this last week. Tbid., O dear! I 
shall die. 1773 Gotpsm. Stoops to Cong. 1v, Dear me! dear - 
as | Vim cure there is soca eee viour to put meon 
alevel with one of that stamp. ¢ hep Snerwoon Stories 
Ch. Catech. ix. 65 ‘O, dear !" says * do you think 
T am like your fine fol folks?” tex — Fai ‘amt. xii. 
gl ‘Dear ! how tiresome it must be to be so ! 
1ckENS O. Twist iv, Dear me!.. he’s very small. 
flinty heart. Oh 


Lares Cantos mf pot dear’, cried my mother .. ‘my 
rane pet de eS prin so eee hite C 
pa fowse Dene ws’, said Catharine, ‘ when we 


DEAR. 


see them back.’ 1880 Aztrim § Down Gloss., Dear bless 
you! .. Dear help you!..Dear knows, a common rejoinder, 
meaning ‘ who knows’ or ‘nobody knows’, probably meant 
originally, ‘God only knows’. Dear dove you! God love 

ou, an exclamation. Mod. Sc. He has had dear knows 


iow many places, and lost them a’, ane after another. 

+ Dear, dere, «.2 foctic. Obs. or arch. Forms: 
1 dior, déor, 3-5 dere, 6-7 deere, deare, 7~ dear. 
[OE. déor; not known in the cognate langs., and of 


uncertain etymology. 

By some held to be intimately related to OE. déor animal 
(see Deer). By others thought to contain the same radical 
form as Dear a.!, and to differ only in the stem-suffix 
(*deur-o-). In OE., from the levelling of o- stems and jo- 
stems, déor was formally distinguishable from déore only 
in the nom. sing. (of all genders), the acc. sing. neuter, and 
nom. acc. pl. neuter, which had déor, as against déore, déoru 
(-o), Hence, when the final -e was lost or mute in ME., the 
two words became entirely identical in form. But in OE., 
their senses appear to have been quite distinct; and, in later 
times, the sense of dere, dear, from déor was highly incon- 
gruous with those developed from déore (though intermediate 
or connecting links of meaning also arose), This difference 
of sense is a serious objection to the view that the two words 
are merely different formations from the same base, as in 
the pairs strong strenge, weord wierde, etc., where the two 
forms agree in sense. The ultimate etymology has been 
discussed by Karsten, JZod. Lang. Notes, 1892, 345+] 

Common in OE, poetry, but found in no prose writing. In 
ME. poetry, not known in southern writers, but in the East- 
Midland Genesis §& Exodus, the West Midland A é//t. Poems, 
Gawain & Green Knight, Piers Plowman, and the metrical 
Destruction of Troy (all these except the first being alli- 
terative); it then appears in Spenser (by whom it was 
perhaps revived), occurs frequently in Shakspere, in 17th c. 
poets, and archaically in Shelley. By these later writers it 
was probably conceived of only as a peculiar poetical sense 
of Dear a.!, and there are uses in Shakspere evidently 
associated with both sense-groups. 

+1. Brave, bold, strenuous, hardy. Ods. 

1000 Andreas 1310 (Gr.) Se halga wees to hofe laded, deor 
and domzeorn. — Cz#dmon's Satan 543 Det wes se 
deora, Didimus wes haten. — Sad. §& Sat. 387 For hwam 
nele mon..georne zewyrcan deores dryhtscipes, — Sea- 
man’s Lament 41 Nis mon in his dedum to des deor. 
Tbid. 76 Deorum dedum. [c1450 Golagros §& Gaw. |. 9 
Dukis and digne lordis, douchty and deir.] 

2. Hard, severe, heavy, grievous; fell, dire. arch. 

Beowulf (Th.) 4186 Dior dedfruma. @ 1000 Cxdmon's 
Daniel (Gr.) 372 Deor scur. a@rooo Sal. § Sat. 122 Swenga 
ne wyrnap deorra dynta. /d7d. 361 Ne mez man foryldan 
pone deoran sib. c12g0 Gen. § Ex. 3742 He ben smiten 
in sorwes dere. c1325 Z£. EF. Aldit, P. B. 214 Dry3tyn 
with his dere dom hym drof to beabyme. c 1340 Gaw. & 
Gr. Kut. 564 Of destines derf & dere, What may mon do 
bot fonde. 1377 Lanov. P. Pd. B. xiv. 171 May no derth 
ben hem [riche men] dere, drouth, ne wete. c 1400 
Destr. Troy 920 With-droghe the deire of his dere attur. 
1590 SPENSER /. Q. 11. v.38 On him that did Pyrochles 
deare dismay. Jéd. 11. x1. 34 To seize upon his foe.. 
Which now him turnd to disadvantage deare. 1593 SHAKS. 
Rich. 11, 1. iii, 151 The datelesse limit of thy deere exile. 
cx600 — Sonn. xxxvii, I, made lame by Fortunes dearest 
spight. 1607 — Timon v. i. 231 What other meanes is left 
vnto vs In our deere perill. | 1607 Drtoney Strange Hist. 
(1841) 14 Bat this their meriment did turne to deare annoy. 
a@1626 MippLeton Mayor of Q. wW. ii, Here’s no dear 
villainy. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 6 Bitter constraint and sad 
occasion dear Compels me to disturb your season due. 1819 
SHELLEY Cec? v. iv. 32 Now I forget them at my dearest need. 

+3. Hard, difficult. Ods. 

a i22! 7 Kath. 948 For nis him no derure for to 
adweschen feole pen fewe. c¢1230 Hali Meid. 21 Eauer se 
deore ping se is derure to biwitene. 1 Hampote Pr 
Consc. 1469 Now eese us a thyng, now fele we it dere. 

Dear (die1), adv. For forms see Deana.) [OE. 
diore, déore = OHG. tiuro, MHG. tiure, tinwer, 
G. teuer: in OE., through the reduction of the 
termination to ¢, not distinct in form from Drar a.! 
in Anglian.] 

1. At a high price; at great cost; usually with 
such verbs as dzy, cost, pay, sell, etc. (See also 
ABy v., Buy v. 3, Cost v. 2b, etc.) 

a 1000 Boeth. Metr, xxvi. 37 Diore Fore te drihten Creca 
Troia burh, ¢x000 /Eirric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 130 Care 
uendidit, deore he hit bohte vel sealde. c¢x200 Trin. Coll. 
Hom. 213 Pe sullere loued his bing dere and seid pat it is wel 
wurd oder betere. a122g Ancr. R. 392 Ure luue.. pet 
kostnede him so deorre. cr 74 Cuaucer Anel, §& Arc. 
2155 Ellas youre love I bie it all to dere. c 1400 MaunpEv. 
(Roxb.) viii. 29 It es salde wonder dere. c1440 Bone Flor. 
1479 Be ,god, he seyde, that boght me dere. 1574 tr. 
Littleton’s Tenures 82b, To have solde the tenementes 
more deerer to some other, 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 
11. 127 Each pretious. .thing, though it costeth deere, yet if 
it be beautifull it..be good chea: 1677 YARRANTON Eng. 
Improv. 7 The people there [Holland] pay great Taxes, and 
eat dear. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 350 Horses... 
are sold extremely dear, 1822 Scotr Pirate xix, That 
knowledge, which was to cost us both so dear, 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Cinnamon & P. vii. 124 It must do without 
some articles. .or pay dear for them. 

2. =DEARLY adv. 2. (In quots 1601, 1606, perh. 
associated with Dzar a.”) 

©1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 152 Perl him loued swi 
Oueral oper pat ber were. c1400 Destr. Troy 583 
me demys, hit is dere welcum. ar Alexander 5143 
All was done as scho demed & he hire dere thankis. 
Caxton Chas. Gt. 30 He was byloued & dere uted of 
euery body. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 127 Through 
thy most dere beloued sonne. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. 
iii. 66 Is Rosaline that thou didst loue so deare &5 soone 
forsaken? 1601 — ¥z/. C, 11.i. 196 Shall it not greeue thee 
deerer then thy death. 1606 Sytvester Du Barfas u. iv, 
u. 248 Let that All-Powerfull dear-drad Prince descend. 


FA 
1807 Byron Ho. Ldleness, To E. N. Long 99 The dear-loved 
peaceful seat. 

Dear (dies), v.  [f. Dgar a.1] 

+1. ‘vans. To make dear or expensive; to raise 
the price of. Sc. Ods. rare. 

1424 Sc. Acts Yas. [ (1814) 7 (Jam.) That na vittalis.. 
be deryt apon our lorde the kyngis men in ony place. 14... 
Chalmerlan Ayr in Sc. Stat. 1,.700/2 Pai deir pe kingis 
mercate and cuntre of eggis bying. 1462 Edinb. Rec. 
(1870) 7 Oct. (Jam. Supp.), That na neichtbour tak in hand 
to by the saidis victualis or tymmer to regrait and deir 
agane upoun the nychtbouris. 

+2. To endear. Ods. rare. 

1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Wks. (1876) 64 (D.) He is his 
Sire, in nature dear’d. 

8. To address (a person) as ‘dear’; so to dear 
sir, dear cousin. nonce-use. 

1816 Scott Antig. v, Lhave no leisure to be Dear Sirring 
myself. /dzd. xli, He dears me too, you see. _ 1829 MARRYAT 
F. Mildmay xxiv, Don’t dear me, Sir Hurricane, I am not 
one of your dears, 1875 TENNYSON Q. Mary 1. iv, Their 
two graces Do so dear-cousin and royal-cousin him, 

Dear, obs. form of DEER, Drre. 

Dearborn (die1byin). U.S. [From the name 
of the inventor.] A vehicle, a kind of light four- 
wheeled wagon used in country districts in parts 
of the United States. 

1841 Catuin NV. Amer. Ind. (1844) I. xlv. 81 He had pur- 
chased at St. Louis a very comfortable dearborn waggon. 
1844 Blackw. Mag. LVI. 641, I resolved to leave my gig at 
New Orleans, procuring in its stead a sort of dearborn or 
railed cart. 1881 Harper's Mag. 181 The country people 
bring their produce to town in carts, dearborns, and market- 
wagons. 

Dea‘r-bou'ght, z. [Dear adv.] Bought at 
a high price, obtained at great cost. 

1384 Cuaucer //. Fame ut. 662 For that is dere boghte 
honour. 1862 J. Heywoop Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 31. Dere 
bought and far fet Are deinties for Ladies. 1591 SHaks. 
1 Hen, V7,1. i. 252 Englands deere bought Queen. 1719 
De For Crusoe (1840) I. xiv. 232 Dear-bought experience. 
1813 Scott Rokeby 1. xxii, Our dear-bought victory. 

+ Dearch, derch, Sc.var. dwergh, obs. f. DWARF. 

¢1g00 Kennepie in /lyting w. Dunbar 33 Dreid, dirtfast 
dearch. did. 395 Duerch [v.7. derch] I sall ding the. 

Deare, obs. f. DARE v.2, Dear, DEER, DERE. 

Dearfe, var. of DERF Ods. 

+Deargenta‘tion. Obs. vare.—° [f. L. dear- 
gentare to plate with silver, f. de- (Dr- I. 3) + av- 
gentum silver.] ‘A laying over with silver’ 
(Bailey, vol. II. 1727). 

+Dearring. Obs. ? nonce-wd. [f. DEARS#.? + -ING 
(? for the sake of the rime).] Darling. 

16or J. Weever Mirr. Martyrs Bviib, The seauenth not 
appearing... Venus white doue, and Mars his onely dearing. 

+ Dear joy. Os. A familiar appellation for 
an Irishman, 

1688 Vox Cleri pro Rege 47 It seems his Power is absolute, 
but, not arbitrary, which is, like a Dear-Joy’s Witticism, a 
distinction without a difference. 1698 Farquuar Love § 
Bottle v. iii, Oh my dear Roebuck !—And faith is it you, 
dear joy. 1699 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dear Foies, Irish- 
men, 1710 Brit. Apollo 11. Quarterly No. 3.7/2 A Dear Joy, 
byShaint Patrick’s Shoe-Buckle.. With Usquebaugh warm’d. 

earling, obs. form of DARLING. 

Dearly (diesli), adv. Forms: see DEAR al 
[OE. déorlice,=OS. diurlico, OHG. tiurlihho, f. 
OE. déorlic glorious, precious, OS. diz7lic, OHG. 
tiurlih, f. DEAR a.1; see -LY 2,] 

+1. Ina precious, worthy, or excellent manner ; 
worthily, choicely, finely, richly. Ods. 

@ 1000 Cynewutr Elene 1159 (Z.) To hwam hio ba neglas 
[i. e. of the cross] selost and deorlicost gedon meahte. ¢ 1325 
£. E. Allit, P. A. 994 As derely deuysez pis ilk toun, In 
apocalyppez pe apostel Iohan. 1377 Lanct. P. P/. B. xix. 2, 
1. .dizte me derely & dede me to cherche. c1400 Destr. 
Troy 3463 And double fest pat day derely was holdyn, 
With all pe reuell & riolte bat Renkes couthe deuise. 148 
Caxton G. de la Tour Hjb, The lady..made him tones] 
to be nouryshed in her wardrobe more derely. 1606 SHAKs. 
Tr. & Cr, 11 iii, 96 Man, how dearely euer parted. .Cannot 
make boast to haue that which he hath. .but by reflection. 

2. As one who is held dear; with feelings of 
tender affection; affectionately, fondly. (Now 
used only with the vb. Jove or its equivalents.) 

c120§ Lay. 18896 Pz zremite gon to weopen, deorliche he 
hine custe. c1350 Wil. Palerne 4374 Ne to hire do no 
duresse, as pou me derli louest. 1488 Caxton Chast, Goddes 
Chyld. 14 Loth she is to forgoo her chylde the whiche she 
derely louyth. 1570 T. Norton tr. Nowel’s Catech. (1853) 
Ee he dearlier that any man is beloved of God. 1611 

‘OURNEUR Ath, Trag. u. iv, So deerely pittifull that ere the 

re Could aske his charity with dry eyes he gaue ’em 

eliefe wi’ teares. 1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 42 
All whom Thou hast made more nearly and dearly mine. 
1789 Mrs. Prozz1 Yourn. France 1. 6 Poor Dr. James.. 
loved profligate conversation dearly. 1856 Emerson xg. 
Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) II. 48 Born in a harsh and 
wet climate. .he dearly loves his house. r 

b. with Af/. adj. ; often aed as in 4. 

1526-34 TinDALE Rom. xii. 1 erly beloued, avenge not 
youre selves. 1625 Mitton Death Fair Infant iv, His 
dearly-lovéd mate. 1838 Dickens O. Twist II. xii. 200 
Dearly-attached companion. 1878 Q. Vicroria Leé. in 
Lond. Gaz. 27 Dec., To call away from this world her 
dearly-beloved daughter, the Princess Alice. 

+8. With reference to other feelings than love 
or affection: a. From the heart, heartily, ear- 
nestly. Ods. 


DEARTH. 


hs in Wright Lyric P. xxxix, Drynke to am deorly 
f fol god bous. ¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1031 He ..derely 
hym ponkkez. «1400-50 Alexander 2352 A doctour, ane 
Domystyne pai derely beseke To consaile paim. 1485 Cax- 
ton Paris & V.24 Prayed hir moche derly that she shold 
not open it. 1606 Suaks. 7%. & Cr. Iv. v.18 Most deerely 
welcome to the Greekes, sweete Lady. 
+b. Carefully. Ods. 

c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) x. 112 The Sarrazines kepen that 

place fulle derely. 
+e. Deeply, keenly. Os. Cf. DEAR a.? 

1s90 Suaks. Com. Err. ui. ii. 132 How deerely would it 
touch thee to the quicke Shouldst thou but heare I were 
licencious. 1600 — A. Y. L.1. iii. 35 My father hated his 
father dearly. 1602 — //am. tv. iii. 43 We deerely greeue 
For that which thou hast done. 

4. Atahigh price ; at great cost; = DEAR adv. 1. 
Now usually fg. When modifying an adj. used 
attributively it is usually hyphened, as ‘a dearly- 
bought advantage’. 

¢ 1489 Caxton Sounes of Aymon xx. 454 For suche dyde 
folowe..that payd derely forit. @1533 Lp. Berners Huon 
xciv. 305 He shal derely abye it. 1550 CrowLey Epigr. 
1324 Suche maner stones as are most dearlye solde. 1568 
Grarton Chron, 11. 264 Such hurtes and dammages. .should 
be deerely revenged. 1671 Mitton Samson 1660 Oh 
dearly-bought revenge, yet glorious! 1797 G. Cotman Br. 
Grins, Lodgings ae Single Gent. i, Some [lodgings] are 
good and let dearly. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1.611 The 
Mendip miners stood bravely to their arms, and sold their 
lives dearly. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 11. xxiv. 237 All the 
dearly-earned documents of the expedition. 

+ Dearly, 2. Obs. [OE. had aéor/ic illus- 
trious, splendid, brave: but the later examples are 
app. nonce-formations from Dear a.! + -Ly1.] 
Dear. 

Beowulf (Th.) 1174 Swa deorlice dad. a 1300 Cursor A, 
3700 (Cott.) Bot hend and hals es als i tru Mi dereli suns 
child esau [/*. my derly sone hit ys esaw, G. § 77. dere 
son]. 18.. Ballad,‘ Jamie Douglas’ vi. in Child Ballads 
vil. cciv. 98/1 She was a dearly nurse to me. 

+ Dearm, v. Obs. rarve—°. [ad. L. dearmare 
to disarm: see Dr- I. 5.] ‘To disarm’ (Bailey, 
vol. IT, 1727). 

Dearne, -ful, -ly : see DERN, -FUL, -LY. 

Dearn, obs. form of Darn vz. 

Dearness (diemés).  [f. DEAR @.1 +-NESS.] 

1. The quality of being dear: a. of being held 
in esteem and affection ; hence b. Intimacy, mutual 
affection ; e. Affection, fondness. 

¢ 1320 Sexyn Sag. (W.) 3144 Dame, said the erl ful sone, 
For grete derenes es yt done. a 1440 Sir Eglam., MS. Lin- 
coln A. i. 17 f. 138 (Halliw.) With the erle es he lent In 
derenes nyghte and daye. 1599 Suaxs. M/uch Ado m1. ii. 
tor, I thinke, he holds you well, and in dearenesse of heart. 
1624 Bepett Left. i. go Neither soothing vntruth for the 
dearnesse of your person, nor breaking charitie. 1656 Jerr. 
Taytor in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) U1. 72, I am, in great 
heartiness and dearness of affection .. your .. most affec- 
tionate friend. @1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 185 The 
dearness that was between them, was now turned. .to a most 
violentenmity. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hal/gt The child 
too clothes the father with a dearness not his due. 1871 T. 
Erskine Spirit. Order (1876) 20 The nearness and dearness 
of my relation to Him. 

+b. concr. An expression or token of affection. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851) 131 All the duties and 
dearnesses which ye owe to God. 1721 Strype Eccé. Men. 
I. ii. 26 The peace between the two kings, whatever mutual 
dearnesses there had appeared, was but short. 

2. The quality of being dear in price; expensive- 
ness, costliness. 

1530 Patscr. 213/r Derenesse, chierté. 1599 Hak uyt 
Voy. 111. 269 (R.) The want of wood and deerenesse thereof 
in England, 163 GouGE God's Arrows ii. § 26. 171 Scarcity 
and dearenesse of corne. 1699 BentLEY Phad. Pref. 63 The 
dearness of Paper, and the want of good Types. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. I. 258 The impracticability of success, 
arising from scarcity of hands, dearness of labour. 1891 
Leeds Mercury 28 May 4/5 The withdrawal of the Trea- 
sury bills..was due solely to the temporary dearness of 
money. 

+ De-arre’st, v. Ols. vare—1. [Dr- II. 1.] 
To release from arrest ; = DISARREST, 

1791 J. Bree Cursory Sketch 231 A ship dearrested or 
released by order of Council. 

De-arsenicize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Dearth (disp), sd. Forms: 3-4 derpe,(4dierpe), 
4-5 derthe, 4-6 (7 Sc.) derth, 6 darth, deerth, 
6- dearth. [ME. derfe, not recorded in OE. 
(where the expected form would be déerdu, dierd, 
dyrd: cf, 14th c. dierBe in Ayenb.) ; but corresp. 
formally to ON. dyvd with sense ‘glory’, OS. 
dtiurid@a, OHG. tiurida, MHG. titrde, MG. thrde 
glory, honour, value, costliness ; abstr. sb. f. WGer.: 
diuri, OE. dtere, déore, DEAR a.1; see -TH. 

The form derke in Gen. & Exod. (bis) and Promp. Parv. 
seems to be a scribal error for dere, derde ; but its repeated 
occurrence is remarkable.] 

+1. Glory, splendour. Os. rare. [=ON.ay7¥.] 

c1325 £. £. Allit. P. A. 99 Pe derpe perof for to deuyse 
Nis no wy3 worpe that tonge berez. 

+2. Dearness, costliness, high price. Ods. 

(This sense, though etymologically the source of those that 
follow, is not exemplified very early, and not frequent. 
In some of the following instances it is doubtful.) 

[1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cii. 82 Ther felle grete derth 
and scarsyte of corne and other illes in that land. 1596 
Br. Bartow Three Serm. i. 5 Dearth is that, when all 
those things which belong to the life of man ., are rated at 


DEARTH. 


a high price.) 1632 in Cramond Ann. Banff (1891) 1. 67 
Com; a Of he dearthe of the prgce tao a R. 
Baie Lett. § Frnis. (1841) 11. 175, I cannot help the ex- 
traordinarie dearth: they say the soume the author 
putts on his copie, is the cause of it. 1793 Bentuam Emanc. 
Colonies Wks. 1843 IV. 413 When an article is dear, it is .. 
made so by fesdon or by force. Dearth which is natural 
is a misfortune : dearth w! ich be coated ie a een, 

Zh 1602 Suaxs. //am. v. ii. 123 His infusion of such 

earth and rareness. 

3. A condition in which food is scarce and dear ; 
often, in earlier use, a time of scarcity with its ac- 
companying privations, a famine ; now mostly re- 
stricted to the condition, as 2 time of dearth. 

c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 2237 Wex derke [?derpe], dis coren is 

on, bid. 2345. 1300 Cursor M. 4700 (Cott.) Sua bigan 
fe derth to grete. c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 20 If any 
derth com in be cuntree[guant il fait chier temps). c1440 
Promp. Parv. 119 Derthe (P. or derke), cariscia. 1§26 ‘l1n- 
DALE Luke xv. 14 There rose a greate derth thorow out all 
that same londe. 1 Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, In the 
tyme of dearth and famine. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. ii, 2 


ainty the’ J maketh derth. 1606 SHaks. Ant. § Ci. 
Il. vii. 22 They know .. If dearth Or Foizon follow. 1625 
Bacon Ess. 


editions (Arb.) 403 The Causes and Motiues 
of Seditions are .. Dearths: Disbanded Souldiers. a 1687 
Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 80 The same causes which make 
Dearth in one place do often cause plenty in another. 1781 
Gipson Decl. & F. II. li. 217 The fertility of Egypt sup- 
plied the dearth of Arabia. 1841 W. SpacpinG /taly & /t. 
Jsi, 1. 361 Augustus, in a dearth, gave freedom to twenty 
thousand slaves. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. (1857) 11. 1. ii. 270 
In modern times, therefore, there is only dearth, where there 
formerly would have been famine. 
b. of (+ for) corn, victuals, etc. 

¢ 1400 Maunpey. (Roxb.) vi. 23 Per falles oft sithes grete 
derth of corne [chier temps). 1538 Starkey England u. i. 
174 The darth of al such thyngys as for fode ys necessary. 
1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 33 This yere [1527] was 
a gret derth in London for brede. /bid. 45 This yere was 
a gret derth for wode and colles. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) 
I, 139 At the dearth of coals the poor repine. 1 Swirr 
Let. fr. Lady conc. Bank Wks. (1841) IL. 67 The South- 
Sea had occasioned such a dearth of money in the kingdom. 

4. fig. and transf. Scarcity of anything, material 
orimmaterial ; scanty supply; practical deficiency, 
want or lack of a quality, etc. 

1340 Ayenb. 256 Pe meste dierpe bet is aboute ham is of 
zopnesse an of trewpe. c 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 340 Pre- 
cious clothyng is cowpable for the derthe of it. ¢1477 
Caxton Yason 42b, Ther is no grete derthe ne scarcete of 
women. 1596 Drayton Legends iv. 45 A time when never 
lesse the Dearth Of happie Wits. 1667 Drypen Ess. Dram. 
Poesie Wks. 1725 1. 55 That dearth of plot and narrowness 
of Imagination, which may be observed in all their Plays. 
1671 C. Hatton in Hatton Corr, (1878) 60 The absence of 
y® Court occasions a great dirth of news here. 1754 RicHakp- 
son Grandison IV. xvii. 130 We live in an age in which 
there is a great dearth of good men. 1815 Worpsw. White 
Doe 1.8 Her last companion in a dearth Of love. 1875 
J. Curtis Hist. Eng.151 The great pestilence of 1349 led to 
such a dearth of labourers. 

+ Dearth, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To 
make dear in price ; to cause or produce a scarcity 
of or in anything ; to beggar. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 119 Derthyn or make dere, cavisco, 
carioro. ¥ Zepheria ii. in Arb. Garner V. 66 Thy 
Worth hath dearthed his Words, for thy true pias ! 1743 
in Cramond A nm. greater ad I. 153 Thomas Murray having 
dearthed the flesh Mercat by buying up some pork. 

Hence + Dea'rthing vé/. sd. and f#/. a. 

1872 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I, 404 To susteane 
thowsandis of strangeris .. to the derthing of all viweris 
{=vivres]. 1593 NasHE Christ's 7. (1613) 64 This huge 
word-dearthing taske. 


+ Dea‘rther. Ovs. [f. DEARTH v.+-ER.] One 
who causes a dearth or scarcity in commodities. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 445 Against Forestallers, 
Regraters, and dearthers of corne and victualls, 1 

. CHAMBERLAYNE S?. Gt. Brit. u. ut. vi. (1743) 389 Punish- 
ing forestallers, regraters, and dearthers of corn, 

+ Dea‘rthful. 00s. nonce-wd. [f. DEARTH sé, 
+-FUL.] Costly, expensive, 

1786 Burns Sc. Drink xvi, It sets you ill, Wi’ bitter, 
dearthfu’ wines to mell, Of foreign gill. 

te, a. Obs. [Cf. next, and Ar- 
TICULATE @.] Divided by joints ; freely articulated. 
Also De-arti‘culated a. 

1650 Butwer Anthropomet. vii. 87 His Ears not too big 
nor too little, well engraved, de-articulate. 1615 Crooxe 
Body of Man v. (1616) 286 It hath bin observed that the 
geniture yssuing from a woman. .hath bin dearticulated. 

De:-articula‘tion. Ava. [ad. med.L. de- 
articulatio, used to translate d:dpOpwors in Aristotle 
and Galen.] a. Division by joints; b. ‘ Articu- 
lation admitting of movement in several directions; 
= Drarturosis’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ¢. Distinct arti- 
culation (of the voice). 

1615 Crooxe Body of Man 333 A dearticulation of the 
Ee. 1634 T. Jounson Pare Chirurg. v1, xiii, (1678) 165 

articulation is a composition of the bones with a manifest 
and visible motion. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 144 There 
would be much of the voice lost in dearticulation. 1651 
Biccs New Disp. P98 The dearticulation of the operati: 
of nature, 

+ Deartuate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. deartuare, 
f. artus joint, member: see De- I. 6.)  ¢rans, 
To dismember. So + Deartua‘tion, dismem 
ment. 

1623 Cockeram, Deartuate. 
Ser.175 Framing « very mai 
tion and deartuation. .of it, 


1653 GaTAKER ind. Annot. 
A and gl A Al, ly 


72 


+ Dea‘rworth, derworth, ¢. 0/s. Forms: 
1 déorwurpe, dyrwurpe, 2 derwur®e, der - 
wurd, dierewurd, 2-3 deor-, deore-, dere- 
wurde, 3 durewurSe, 3-5 dere-, derworpe, 


derwarde, 4-6 dereworth, 6 dearworth. [OE. 
déor-, rn, app. f. déeru, déoru DEAR sb.) + 


rpe worthy. 

t Worthy of high estimation, highly valuable, 
precious, costly. 

¢888 K. AEtrrep Boeth, x. 28 Det is zit deorwyrpre Sonne 
monnes lif. x Blickl. Hom. 3% & on i ze on deor- 
wyrpum hrezlum. c1o0o Ags. Gosf. Matt. xiii. 46 He 
funde pat an deorwyrde [c 1160 Hatton derwurde] meregrot. 
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 19 He .. alesde us..mid his derewurde 
flesse and mid his blode. c¢1200 7'rin. Coll. Hom. 145 Hie 
nam ane box..and hine fulde mid derewurde_ smerieles. 
1300 Ten Commandm. 1 in E. E. P. (1862) 15 pi derwor! 
blode pat bou schaddist for mankyn. ¢1374 CHAucrR Boeth, 
11. iv. 41 Pat bei ne ben more derworpe to pe ben pine owen 
lijf. cx400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 26 pe t is wipynne pe 
arterye is ful derwarde & nedip gret keg ¢ 1422 Hoc- 
cLeveE Learn to Die 448 Of satisfaccioun the leeste deede 
Right dereworthe were it in this neede, 

. Worthy, honourable, noble, glorious. 

c1175 Lawib. Hom. 79 pet he alihte .. from derewurd 
wuninge. 1175 Cott. Hom, 231 Se hiaford into par halle 
come mid his dferewurd zeferede. Alex. & Dind. 
243 Whan dereworbe dindimus be enditinge hurde. a 1400- 
go Alexander 2679 Now dose him fra Darius, a dereworth 
[v.r. darworth] prince. c1420 Avow. Arth. xxii, Bidus me 
Sir Gauan, Is derwurthe on dese ! 

8. Of persons: Dearly esteemed, dear, beloved. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 2 Louerd! seid Godes Spuse to hire 
deorewurde Spus. 1382 Wyc tir 2 Cor. vii.1 Moost dere- 
worthe britheren. ¢ 1400 Sowdone Bad, 1512 My fader so 
dereworth and der. ¢ 1422 Hoccteve Learn to Die 498 Of 
alle freendes thow, the derwortheste. 1557 7ottedl’s Misc. 
(Arb.) 117 A dearworth dame. 

+ Dea‘rworthily, a. Ods. [f. DEarwortHY 
+ -LY?.]  Worthily, honourably; preciously, 
richly ; affectionately. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 13669 (Gott.) Ful derworthili his lauerd 
he gret. ?a1400 Morte Arth, 3252 A duches dere-worthily 
dyghte in dyaperde wedis. c1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. iv. 
(Gibbs MS.), [Sche] roos uppe and clypped hire derworthyly 
{ed. 130 worthily] and tenderly. /d7d. xiv, Sche .. clypp- 
ynge hym_derworthyly [v.7, derworthely; ed. 1§30 lou- 
yngely] in hyre armes. 

+ Dea‘rworthiness. Os. [f. as prec. + 
-NEss. OE. had aéorwyrfnes.] _ Preciousness, 
worthiness, valuableness; //. (in OE.), valuables, 
treasures. 

[¢ 888 K. AEcrrep Boeth. vii. § 4 Mid golde, ze mid seolfre, 
ze mid eallum deorwyrpnessum.] ¢ 1325 Metr. Hom, 11 
‘Than es the gret derworthines Of precheours that bers 
witnes. did. 73 Wit lovely worde and dereworthynes. 

+ Dea‘rworthly, adv. Os. In 3-4 -liche, 
4 -lye, -li, -ly, (derwurly). [Early ME. f. Dear- 
WORTH a. + -/iche, -LY 2.] = DEARWORTHILY. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 15151 Twa hundred cnihten. . be sculen biwiten 
pene king, dose wsinricee Fore alle bing. ax122g5 Ancr. R. 
410 Peos beon deoruwurdliche i-wust, a@1300 Cursor A. 
5322 (Cott.) He. .mensked him derworthli [7.77.dereworthly, 
-worpely]. ¢1320 R. Brunne Medit. 180 How derwurly, 
afore hys ende, A derwurb 3yfte he wulde with pe lete. 
©1325 Metr. Hom. 84 Wel birs us blis the derworthelye. 
1413 LypG. Pilger. Sow/le u. lxiii. (1859) 59 Thou .. keptest 
me ful derworthly, that I went nought from the. 

+ Dea‘rworthy, derworthy, «. O/s. [A 
ME. formation from DrarwortH, with assimila- 
tion of the second element to WortHY.] = DEar- 
WORTH. 

a — Cursor M. 4731 (Cott.) Mi stiward ioseph al fedes 
me, For darworthi far-til es he. cx Cuaucer Boeth, 
1. 1, 31 Is present fortune derworpi to be. 1414 Brampton 
Penit, Ps. vii, Helde no3t thi wretthe on my Inesse, Thi 
derworthi childeryn whan thou schalt blesse. ¢ 1430 //ymns 
Virg. (1867) 52 derworbiest oile pat euere was. c¢ 1485 
Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 1086 O, pou dere worthy emperowere ! 

De » Vie (divri), sd, anda. Also 7-8 dearee. 
[f. Dear a.1+-1E, -y4.] Diminutive of dear, 

A. sb. A little dear; a darling: a familiar term 
of amatory and conjugal endearment. 

1681 Otway Soldier's Fort. ut. i, Lose thee, poor Love, 

Dearee, Baby. 1705 VansruGu Con/fed. v. ii. 301 
fro their husbands] Bye, dearies! 1739 R. Butt tr. Dede- 
hindus’ Grobianus 151 You'll be her Love, her Dearee, what 
you will. 1798 Wo corr (P. Pindar) Pindariana Wks. 

e 


1812 IV. hugs and kisses his old Deary. 1870 
Dicxens £. Drood i, Here’s another ready for ye, deary. 
1890 W, A. Watiace Only a Sister ! 88 A ‘Mapleton in love 


is a Mapleton still, for all your pretty ways, dearie. 
5 juots. 
1691 Ray NV. C. Words, Deary, little. 1828 Craven Dial., 
Deary, an adjunct to little and equivalent to very; ‘ ‘This is 
a deary little bit’. 1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., ‘I never 
seed such deary little apples in all my life.’ 1888 Ex- 
peed Word-bk. s.v., ‘There is a deary little 
sg ; Be 
ras interj7. Deary me ! an extension of Dear me! 

usually more sorrowful in its tone. 
utron Bran New Wark 343 (E. D. S,) Deary me! 
"ll steal naa maar .. 


Od sacl me ! he must have ise uakae of soca ei 
Deas(e, deasse, obs. forms of Dats. ; 


DEATH. 


|| Deasil, deiseal dye'fal, deal), adv., sd. 

i deiseil (detseal, deasal) adj. and adv., right- 

, turned toward the right, dextrorsum, f. 
deas right hand, south, in Olt. dess, des, Welsh 
dehau, ite with Lat. dex-ter, Gr. -16s. 
(The meaning of the latter is unknown.) 

Righthandwise, towards the right ; motion with 
continuous turning to the right, as in going round 
an object with the right hand towards it, or in the 
same direction as the hands of a clock, or the ap- 

ent course of the sun (a practice held auspicious 
oe Celts). 

1771 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1769, (Jam. s.v. Widder- 
sinnis) At marriages and baptisms iy make a procession 
round the church, Deasoil, i.e., sunwa 1974-5 — Tour 
Scotl, in 1772, Il. 15 (Jam.) The s,s lunatics are 
brought here by their friends, who first perform the cere- 
mony of the Deasil thrice round a neighbouring cairn. 
1794 Statist, Acc. Perthshire X1. 621 c- If a person’s 
meat or drink were to .. come against his breath, they in- 
stantly cry out, Deisheal ! which is an ejaculation praying 
that it may go the right way. bore eg Wav. xxiv, The 
surgeon. .perambulated his couch t times, moving from 
east to west, according to the course of the sun. . which was 
called making the deasil. 1875 Lussock Orig. Civiliz. vi. 
300 There was a sacred stone in Jura round which the 
people used to move ‘ deasil’, i. e. sunwise. 

De-aspirate, -ation, -ator: see Dr- II. 1. 


Death (dep). Forms: a. 1-4 déap, 2 dap, 


| diep, 2-3 dep, 2-4 dep, 3 death, diap, diath, 


dip, 4 deep, dyap, dyeap, 4-5 deythe, 4-6 
deth, dethe, 5 deeth, 6 Sc. deith, 6- death. 
Also B. 3 dead, deed, 3-6 ded, dede, (4 dedd, 
did), 4-5 (6-8 Sc.) deed, 5-6 deyd, ne (chiefly 
Sc.) dead, 4-9 Sc. deid. [A Common Tent. sb. : 
OE. déap = OF ris. déth, (WFris. dead), OS. 
d68, did (MDu. and MLG. dét(d-), Du. dood), OHG. 
téd, MHG. ¢6t (Ger. tod), ON. orig. daudr, usually 
daudi (Sw., Da. did), Goth. daupus, an OTeut. 
deriv. in -Ju-z (= L. -/u-s) of the verbal stem dau- 
(pre-Teut. type dhau-, *dhau’-tu-s), whence ON. 
pies to Diz. (Cf. also Dean.) Of the ME, form 
ded, dede, usual in the northern dial. (but not 
confined to it), Sc. 4- deid (did), also spelt 6- 
dead, the history is not quite clear; the final d 
agrees with Sw. and Da., and suggests Norse in- 
fluence, but the vowel regularly represents OE. éa: 
cf. Sc. breid, heid, steid (brid, etc.).] 

I. 1. The act or fact of dying ; the end of life; the 
final cessation of the vital functions of an animal 
or plant. a. of an individual. 

1 Blickl. Hom. 33 He mid his costunge ure comeans 
oforswipde, and mid his deabe urne deab. c1ago O. 
Kentish Serm. in O. E. Misc. 36 Non ne wot pane dai of 
his diape. a1300 X. Horn 58 So fele bey oh ca Bringe 
hem pre to dibe. ©3449 Pscock Refr. 376 wommen.. 
whiche after hir h dis deethis den .. lyue chaast. 
wes Suaxs, Mids. N. v. i. ang the death of a deare friend. 


1667 Mitton P. Z, 1x. 832 With him all deaths I could 


| endure, without him live no life. 1887 J. A. Hamitton in 


Dict. Nat. Biog. 1X. 370/2 He bore the scar to his death. 
B. _cx20§ Lay. ae “a .. Sweor, pat Euelin i don 
dzxi Ded sculde polien. Euelin wes swide of-dred, For me 
him dead bi-hahte. a 1300 Cursor M. 905 (Cott.) sal 
be slan wit duble dedd. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb. x. 
He wald..suffer hard passioun and dede. ¢ 1450 St. Cuth- 
de Gert SS Vey aan we Sayuad to ane olws ged ght 
1 Au Ri ‘ay (1888) 1 to ane 
to one ewil deid, sae Bucnanan Ane Admonitioun 
Wks. 23 To revenge his faderis deid. a 1605 MonTGoMERIE 
Misc. Poems xxii. 41 Then wer I out of dout of deed. 
b. in the abstract. 
¢ 888 K. AZLrrep Boeth. viii. 26 Se di hit huru afirrep. 
a 1200 Moral Ode xcviii. in £. £. so cet ee ee in 
pis middenerd purh pe ealde deofles onde, ¢1340 Cursor M. 
835 ae tyme furst coomdepto man. 1398 TRE- 
visa Barth. De PR ii callyd mors for it 
is bitter. 1583 Harsner Serm, 
no two things so i 
P. 2.63 F 
tast Brought Death into the World. 1769 Cowrer Lett. ax 
ae is one most formidable, or = most a 
ortable thing we have in eELey Lecce 
Home iv. (ed. 8) 35 The Gredk did not believe death to be 
annihil 
B. ax300 Cursor M. 20841 (Gitt.) Pat lijf, ne dede, ne 
weld on iene Mai neuer turn nl pony ly 1340 Hampote 
Pr. Consc. 1666 Ded es be mast dred thing es, dys 
Barsour Bruce 1. Idome is weill wer than 
c1420 Sir Amadas (Weber) 152 Then com .. And 
m Pere aroond and me. sap Sie icht Vay 
jit throw wictore, 

@, as a personified agent. (Usually figured as 


nL, vii. 63, 
within whose emptie eye There is a written scroule. 


Mitton P. L, xt, Over them triumphant Death his 
Dart Shook ; but id to strike. 1839 Loner. Reafer § 
Flowers i, There is a Ri 


eaper, whose name is Death. 1874 
Fow.er in Proc. Soc. Antig. 19 Feb, 143 A figure 
Pa 


. repr as with 

2. = state = dead ; the state or _ 
dition of being without animation, or activity. 
axooo Andreas 583 (Gr) He.. men of deade he? 
awehte. cr ‘om. gx Crist aras of deade. 
rage Gen. Br. 265 Quan al man-kinde. .Sal ben fro dede 


DEATH. 


to liue bro3t. 1340 Ayend. 7 Oure lhord aros uram dyabe 
tolyue. ¢ 1450 S¢, Cuthbert (Surtees) 871 Rays pis bryd to 
lyfe fra deed. 1827 Pottox Course 7. 111, 1000 This wilder- 
ness of intellectual death. 1864 Tennyson En, Ard..561 
One .. Lay lingering out a five-years’ death-in-life. AZod. 
His eyes were closed in death. 

“| In preceding senses the death was frequent in 
Old and Middle English, and down to the 16th c. 
See also 7, 12¢, 13; Zo die the death: see Din. 

888 K. AELrrep Boeth. viii. 26 Se deap ne cymd to nanum 
odrum bingum. cx1175 Lamb, Hom. 109 Pe alde mei him 
witan iwis pone ded. az225 Ancr. R. 52 Pus eode sihde 
biuoren .. & com pe dead per efter. 1340 Hamrote Pr. 
Consc. 355 Of be dede and whi it estodrede. «1400 Relig. 
Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 3 When pe dede has sun- 
ie oure bodyes and oure saules. ¢ 1430 Syr Tryanz. 104 

‘ylle thou be broght to the dedd. 1513 Doucias ne/s 
1. 1. 54 Quhilk hed the deideschapit. @ 1555 Latimer Seri. 

Rem. (1845) 3 He.. rose again from the death. 1594 

HAKS. Rich. ITT, 1. ii. 179, I lay it [his breast] naked to 
the deadly stroke, And humbly begge the death. 1599 — 
Hen. V, 1. i, 181 Where they feared the death, they haue 
borne life away. : 

3. transf. The loss or cessation of life in a parti- 
cular part or tissue of a living being. 

1800 Med. F¥rnd, I11. 543 So great a torpor, as to produce 
‘the death or mortification of the parts’. 1869 Huxiey 
Physiol. i.23 When death takes place, the body, as a whole, 
dies first, the death of the tissues not occurring until after 
a considerable interval. 

+4. Loss of sensation or vitality, state of uncon- 
sciousness, swoon. Ods. rare. (Cf. DEAD a. 2.) 

1596 Sir J. Smyrue in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 97 It 
brought sodeyne death itself upon me for three quarters of 
an houre. x 

5. fig. The loss or want of spiritual life; the 
being or becoming spiritually dead. Zhe second 
death : the punishment or destruction of lost souls 
after physical death. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. John v. 24 Ic secze eow pet se be min 
word gehyr®. .feerd fram deade to life. cx175 Lamb. Honz, 
39 Penne bure3est pu here saule .. from pan ufele deade. 
¢ 1200 OrMIN 19052 Piss lif niss nohht rihht nemmnedd lif 
Acc dep itt ma33 ben nemmnedd. c1325 2. £. Addit. P. 
A. 651 [He] delyuered vus of be deth secounde. 1382 
Wycuir Rev, xxi. 8 The pool brennynge with fijr and brun- 
ston, that is the secounde deeth. ¢1g00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) 
Pref. 1 To by and delyuer vs fra deed withouten end. 7483 
Caxton G. de la Tour D vj, The perille of the deth of helle. 
1534 TINDALE (om. viii. 6 To be carnally mynded, is deeth. 
1885 S. Cox Expositions I. xx, The want of this [eternal] 
life is eternal death. E 

b. Loss or deprivation of civil life; the fact or 
state of being cut off from society, or from certain 
rights and privileges, as by banishment, imprison- 
ment for life, etc. (Usually c¢vz/ death.) 

1622 FLETCHER Sf. Curate 1v.1, This banishment is a kind 
of civil death. 1765 Blackstone Cov. 1.1. ii. 145 A disso- 
lution is the civil death of the parliament. 1767 /é7d. II. 
121 It may also determine by his civil death; as if he enters 
into a monastery, whereby he is dead inlaw. 1772 FLETCHER 
Appeal Wks. 1795 I. 100 Does not the spirit of persecution 
.-Inflict at least academic death upon [them]? 1871 
Marxsy Elem. Law § 120 A sort of conventional death, or, 
as it is sometimes called, a civil death. 

e. Of a thing: Cessation of being, end, extinc- 
tion, destruction. 

1413 Lypo. Piler. Sow/le mt. x. (1483) 56 And oure deth is 
withouten deth for it hath none ende. 1718 Watts Hymns 
ut. xxiii, Our faith beholds the dying Lord, And dooms 
our sins todeath. 182r SHELLEY Boat on Serchio29 From 
the lamp’s death to the morning ray. 1884 W.C. SmitH 
Kildrostan 48 Suspicion murders love, and from its death 
Come anguish and remorse. 

6. Bloodshed, slaughter, murder. 

@ 1626 Bacon (J.), Not to suffer a man of death to live. 
1822 SHELLEY Hellas 431 The dew is foul with death. 
1883 Cuurcu & Bropriss tr. Livy xxu. li. rr8 Some were 
cut down by the foe as they rose covered with blood from 
the field of death. 

7. Cause or occasion of death, as in Zo be the death 
of; something that kills, or renders liable to death; 
poet. a deadly weapon, poison, etc. 

971 Blick. Hom. 67 He cweb, ‘Eala deap, ic beo pin 
deap’. bo Wyciir 2 Kings iv. 40 Thei crieden oute, 
seyinge, Deth in the pott ! deth in the pott! 1596 SHaks. 
1 Hen. IV, 1. i. 14 Poore fellow neuer ioy’d since the price 
of oats rose, it was the death of him. 1599 — Much Ado 
ul. ii, 19 What life is in that, to be the death of this mar- 
riage? 16.. Drypen (J.), Swiftly flies The feather’d death, 
and hisses through the skies. 1704 Pore Windsor For. 132 
The clam’rous lapwings feel the leaden death. 1773 GoLpsm. 
Stoops to Cong.1, A school would be his death. 1842 M1ati 
Nonconf. 11. 49 These churchmen magistrates will be the 
death of us. 1847 Tennyson Princ, v1. 260 You might mix 
his draught with death. 

B.. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 365 Pou art mi liif, mi ded 
y-wis ..Y dye for pe loue of te c1500 Melusine 26 He 
thenne pulled out of hys brest the piece of the swerd, and 
knew that it was hys dede. 1725 Ramsay Gent. Shesh. u. 
ii, Her cheeks, her mouth, her een, Will be my dead. 
1792 Burns Auld Rob Morris iii, The wounds I must hide 
that will soon be my dead. J/od. Sc. You have been the 
deid o’ him, 

+8. A general mortality caused by an epidemic 
disease ; a pestilence. Ods. exc. as in b. 

{¢ 1358 Epw. III. Let. to Pope Innocent VI in Hist. Lett. 
NV. Registers (Rolls) 405 Quodam morbo incurabili in tibia, 
mala mors vulgariter nuncupato, percussus.]_¢ 1400 Knicu- 
TON Chron. iv. an. 1348, Scoti..sumpserunt in juramen- 
tum..sub hac forma quando jurare volebant, Per fed 
mortem Anglorum, anglice be the foul dethe of Engelond. 
1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 35 This was moche vsed to-for y® 
grete oa pews pe furste moreyn]. 1480-90 Chron. 

ou. IIT. 


73 


Scots in Pinkerton Hist. Scot. 1. App. 502 (an. 1482) Thar 
was ane gret hungyr and deid in Scotland. 1556 Chow. 
Gr. Friars (Camden) 29 Thys yere was a gret deth at the 
Menerys. 1577-8 OLINSHED Chron. III. 961/r In this 
yeare a great death of the pestilence reigned in London. 

b. Black Death, the name now commonly 
given to the Great Pestilence or visitation of the 
Oriental Plague, which devastated most countries of 
Europe near the middle of the 14th c., and caused 
great mortality in England in 1348-9; sometimes 
also including the recurrences of the epidemic in 
1360 and 1379. 

The name ‘black death’ is modern, and was app. intro- 
duced into English history by Mrs. Penrose (Mrs. Markham) 
in 1823, and into medical literature by Babington’s transl. of 
Hecker’s Der Schwarze Tod in 1833. In earlier writers 
we find the pestilence, the plague, great pestilence, great 
death, or in distinction from later visitations ¢he /urste 
moreyn, the first pestilence; Latin chroniclers have Zestis, 
pestilentia, epidemia, mortalitas. The distinctive magna 
mortatitas, ‘ great mortality’ or ‘death’, and its equivalents, 
prevailed in many languages: Ger. das grosse sterben, 
LGer. de grote dot, Flem. de grocte doet, Da. den store did 
or manddith, Swed. (1402) store dédhin, later stordiden, 
digerdéden (thick or frequent mortality), Norweg. (14th 
c.) manndaudi hinn mikli; cf. \t. mortalega grande, ¥. 
la grande peste, etc. ‘The epithet ‘black’ is of uncertain 
origin, and not known to be contemporary anywhere. It 
is first found in Swedish and Danish 16th c. chroniclers 
(swarta didhen, den sorte ddd). Hence, in German, Schlizer 
in 1773 used der schwarze Tod in reference to Iceland, and 
Sprengel in 1794 took it as a general appellation, From 
modern German the name has passed into Dutch (de zwaarte 
dood) and English, and has influenced French (da peste 
noire). ‘The quots. 1758 and 1780 below are translations 
from Danish and Swedish through German, and refer not 
to the pestilence of 1348, which did not reach Iceland, but 
to a later visitation in 1402-3, known at the time as plagan 
miki (the great plague), but called by modern Icelandic 
historians, from 17th c., svarti dade (black death). 

[c 1440 Watsincuam Chron, Vitle of chap.. De magna 
mortalitate in anglia, que a modernis vocatur prima pesti- 
lentia. 1758 tr. Horrebow'’s Nat. Hist. Iceland in Gentil. 
Mag. XXVIII. 79 Inthe rqth century a disease called the 
Sorte dod, or black death, destroyed almost all the inhabi- 
tants in the place [Iceland]. 1780tr. Lett. fron [hre (1776) 
in Von Troil’s Lett. Iceland 305 Schlozer divides the Ice- 
landic literature into three periods. .the golden period, from 
the introduction of christianity to the close of the thirteenth 
[séc—should be fourteenth] century, when the black death 
or the great plague..checked the progress of poetry. 1800 
Ted, Sen. IV. 365 He [Cit. Papon] speaks of the plague.. 
in 1347, otherwise called the black plague.] 

1823 Mrs. Markuam [Eliz. Penrose] //zst. Eng. xviii, Ed- 
ward's successes in France were interrupted during the next 
six years by a most terrible pestilence—so terrible as to be 
called the black death. 1833 B.G. Basinoron (¢7¢/e) The 
Black Death in the Fourteenth Century. From the German 
of J. F. E. Hecker, M.D. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. § 4. 
an. 1349, The Black Death fell on the village almost as 
fiercely as on the town. 1885 ELucycl. Brit. XIX. 164/2 s.v. 
Plague, The mortality of the black death was..enormous. 
It is estimated in various parts of Europe at two-thirds or 
three-fourths of the population in the first pestilence, in 
England even higher. 1893 F. A. Gasquet (¢/t/e) The 
Great Pestilence (a.p. 1348-9), now commonly known as the 
Black Death. 

+9. Hunting. A blast sounded at the death of 
the game; =Mort. Ods. 

1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. 293 He that first gets in 
cries Hoo-up..and blows a Death. 

10. As a vehement exclamation or imprecation. 
See also ’SDEATH. 

ig Nokia Oth, 1. iii. 396 Death and damnation! Oh! 
1668 Drypen Evening’s Love iv. ii, Death, you make me 
mad, sir! 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xi, Death ! to be seen by 
ladies. .in such vulgar attitudes ! 

II. Phrases. 

+11. In ME. the genitive was occasionally (as in 
nouns of time) used adverbially = In the condition 
of death, dead; so dives (gen. of Zife) =alive. Ods. 

a1250 Owl § Night. 1630 Ah thu nevre mon to gode 
Lives ne deathes, stal ne stode. c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 
5459 Niz3t no day swiken y nille Liues or depes that ich 

im se. 

12. Zo death (Sc. to deid, occas. in Eng. 40 
dead): a. lit. following verbs as an adverbial 
extension'expressing result, as 40 + slay, beat, stone, 
etc. to death ; hence ?o do to (the) death (arch.), to 
kill, slay ; ¢o put to death, to kill, esp. in the exe- 
cution of justice, to execute. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 18 Hiz ze-nyperiad hyne to 
see @a1225 Fuliana 62 He sloh him wid a stan to 
deade. a 1300 Cursor M. 6711 (Cott.) To ded [v.7. debe] 
pat beist man sal stan. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 
127 Pe date. .Pat Steuen to dede was dight. cx400 Dest. 
Troy 9533 The Troiens.. dong hom to dethe. c 1489 
Caxton Blanchardyn v. (1890) 21 Wounded to deth. 1560-1 
Bk, Discipl. Ch. Scot. vii. § 2 For suche. .the Civill swearde 
aught to punische to death. c1600 SHaks. Som. xcix. 
A vengeful canker eat him up to death. 1611 — Cyd. 
Vv. v. 235, The Gods do meane to strike me To death with 
mortall ioy. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) II. m1. 189 
Shot to death with darts. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. 
xix, The slave-owner can whip his refractory slave to death. 

¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3581 So mani to ded ther he dede. 
c1400 Destr. Troy 11932 The knightes .. The pepull with 
pyne puttyn to dethe. a1400 Sir Perc. 930 Ther he was 
done to the dede. 1803-4 Act 19 Hen. VIJ, c. 34 Preamb., 

yvers [were] put to deth. 1570-6 LamBarDE Peramd. 
Kent (1826) 391 lack Cade. .did to death the Lord Say, and 
others. 1599 SHaks. Much Adov. iii. 3 Done to death by 
slanderous tongues. 163: GouGE God's Arrows 1. § 60. 
295 Ministers of Justice in putting capitall malefactors to 


} 


DEATH. 
death, 1 "7 Grote Greece (1862) III. xxxiv. 225 They were 
all put to death. 1858 Gen. P. THompson Audi Alt. II. 


lxxx. 36 Haunted by pictures of some he had done to death. 

b. intensifying verbs of feeling, as hate, resent, 
or adjs., as s¢ck, wearvted: to the last extremity, to 
the uttermost, to the point of physical or nervous 


exhaustion, beyond endurance. 

a1300 Cursor M. 13070 (Cott.) Herodias him hated to 
ded. 1583 Hottysanp Campo di ior 241 Clodius is in- 
amoured to dead of a certaine yong woman. 1613 SHAKS. 
Hen. VITT, w. ii. 1 Grif. How do’s your Grace? Kath. 
O Griffith, sicke to death. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. 
u. 58 The Hereticks abhor me to death. 1670 DrypEN 
Cong. Granada Pt. 11. 11. iii, I’m sad to death, that I must 
be your foe. 1773 Mrs. Cuarone /weprov. Mind (1774) Il. 
80 A gentleman who would resent to death an imputation 
of falsehood. 1806 Bioomrietp Wild Flowers Poems (1845) 
220 Some almost laugh’d themselves to dead. 1840 Dickens 
Barn, Rudge xxii, My stars, Simmun !..You frighten me to 
death! 1850 Mrs. Cartyie Le?¢. II. 142, I have also been 
bothered to death with servants. _ . 

ce. Zo the death formerly interchanged with ¢o 
death in all senses; it is now used only in certain 
expressions, as fo pursue, persecute, wage war to 
the death. 

1382 Wycuir AZat/. xxvi. 38 My soule is sorowful til to 
the deth. c1400 Three Kings Cologne iv. 12 Ezechias was 
syke to be dethe. cx1qs0 Merlin 122 These shull the 
[=thee] love and serue euertothedeth. 1563 Win3ET on 
Scoir Thre Quest. Wks, 1888 I. 95 To baneis Christianis. . 
and condemne thame to the dete 1568 Grarton Chron. 
II. 217 The which Castell the king hated to the death. 
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 261 With such 
speeches he fought untothe death. 1599 Suaks. A7uch Ado 
I, ili, 73 You are both sure, and will assist mee? Cony. To 
the death my Lord. 1673 DrypEN Alarr. & la Mode v. i, 
And she takes it to thedeath. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy 
ii, When he [an attorney] was obliged .. to hunt his man 
to the death. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. Il. 207 Four 
generations of Stuarts had waged a war to the death with 
four generations of Puritans, 

13. + Zo have or take the death: to meet one’s 
death, to die. Ods. So Zo catch one’s death: see 
CatcH v. 30. Yo be the death of: see sense 7. 
To be (or make it) death (for) : i.e. to be (or make 
it) a matter of death or capital punishment. 

1438 Vorr. Portugal 1229 Vhe kyng had wend he had 
the dede. c1470 Henry IVallace x1. 837 Throuch cowa- 
tice, gud Ector tuk the ded. 1652 H. Bett Luther's Collog. 
(Cassell’s Ed.) 13 It should be death for any person to have 
..acopy thereof. 1847 TENNyson Princ. Prol. 150, I would 
make it death For any male thing but to peep at us. 

14. Death’s door, the gates or jaws of death: 
figurative phrases denoting a near approach to, or 


great danger of, death. 

1382 Wyc.ir /s. cvi[i]. 18 And they ne3heden to the 3atis 
of deth. 1550 CoverpaLe S77. Perle xviii, Yo bring unto 
deaths door, that he may restore unto life again. 1646 
P. Butkeey Gospel Covt. To Rdr. 1 When death comes 
to our dores, and we are at deaths-dore. 1746 BERKELEY 
and Let. Tar-water § 12 Many patients might thereby be 
rescued from the jaws of death. 1855 TEeNNyson Charge 
Lt. Brigade, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of 
Hell, Rode the six hundred. 1860 Trottore Framniley P. 
xliii, Poor Mrs. Crawley had been at death’s door. 

15. Zo be in at the death (in Fox-hunting): to 


be present wher the game is killed by the hounds. 


Also fig. 

1800 WINDHAM Sfeeches Parl, (1812) I. 337 For the empty 
fame of being in at the death. 1841 Lytton V4. & Morn. 
vy. ix, A skilful huntsman..who generally contrived to be in 
at the death. 

16. Zo be death on (slang): to be eminently 
capable of doing execution on, ora very good hand 
at dealing with ; to be very fond of. 

1855 Hatisurton Nat. §& Hum. Nat. 225 (Bartlett) 
Women..are born with certain natural tastes. Sally was 
death on lace. 1860 BartLetr Dict. Amer. s.v., To be 
death on a thing, is to be..a capital hand at it, like the 
quack doctor who could not manage the whooping-cough, 
but was, as he expressed it, ‘death on fits’. Vulgar. 1884 
E. Fawcett Gentl. of Leisure i.g Fanny hasn’t forgotten 
you .. she was always death on you English chaps. 1892 
Lentzner Australian Word-bk. 19 Death on, good at.. 
‘Death on rabbits’, would mean a very good rabbit shot. 

17. In various other phraseological expressions ; 
as as pale as death (see PALE); and collog. as sure 
as death, to ride, come on, hang on, etc., (ke death, 


or like grim death. 

1786 Burns Scotch Drink x, Then Burnewin comes on 
like death, At every chaup. 1893 77¢ Bits 23 Dec. 211/3 
‘The baby. .holds on to that finger like grim death, 

TIT. Combinations. 

“| The genitive, now used (as a possessive) only 
in poetry or when death is personified, was for- 
merly freely used where we should now use of, 
or death- in combination, as in death’s evil, sorrow, 
sting; death’s bed, day, wound (see DEATH-BED, 
etc.). See also DEATH’S-FACE, -HEAD, -HERB, -RING. 

a 1000 Guthlac 350 (Gr.) Nis me pes deabes sorg. c 1200 
Ormin 1374 Per Cristess mennisscnesse Drannc de} 
drinnch. ¢1230 Hali Med. 17 Pat dreori dede .. 3iued pat 
deades dunt. c1q422 Hoccteve Learn to Die 538 Thogh 
thow seeke in thy bed now lye, Be nat agast, no dethes euel 
haast thow. 1847 Lyte Hymn, ‘Abide with me’ vi, Where 
is death’s sting? Where, grave, thy victory? 

18. General combinations of obvious meaning. 

These may be formed at will, and to any extent : examples 
are here given. The use of the hyphen is mainly syntac- 
tical; it usually implies also a main stress on death-, as in 
dea'th-grasp, dea'th-si:ckness, dea'th-pollu: ted. 

10* 


DEATH. 


a. attributive. [As with other names of things, 
employed instead of the genitive death’s. In thi 
construction pe th reely used in OE., as in déap- 
béam, -bedd, -cwealm, -deg, -denu, -spere, -stede, 
etc.) Of death; belonging or pertaining to death ; 
as death-agony, -angel, -chamber, -chime, -cry, 
-dew, -dirge, +-door, +-fall, -fever, -grapple, 
-groan, -hour, -knell, -pang, -sentence, -shot, -shriek, 
-sleep, -song, -stab, -stiffening, -token, -vacancy, 
-wraith, etc., etc. — 

eu Carcrave Life St. Kath. v. 1751 sodeynly 
Pid for to falle. Som men wene that deth-fal were 
myserye. 1601 Cuester Love's Mart. (1870) 9 Many 
Death-doore-knocking Soules complaine. 1 Saks. 
Tr. & Cr. u. iii, 187 te is so plaguy proud, that the death 
tokens of it Cry no recouery. 1035 Cowtey Davideis 1.972 
One would have thought.. That Nature’s self in her Death- 
pangs had been. a 1780 J. Carver Trav. 334 The number of 
the death-cries they give, declares how many of their own 

y are lost. /ézd. 337 They are then bound to a stake.. 
and obliged for the last time to sing their death-song. 
R. Cumpertanp Calvary Poems 1803 II. 67 Christ’s death- 
hour. 1 Soutuey Yoan of Arc iv. 262 He knew That 
this was the Death-Angel Azrael, And that his hour was 
come. 1798 SotHesy tr. Wieland’s Oberon (1826) II. 25 
Pale as the cheek with death-dew icy cold. 1 NELSON 
in Nicolas Disp. IV. 82 To name Sidney Smith's First 
Lieutenant to the Death-vacancy of Captain Miller. 1811 
W. R. Spencer Poems 96 And our death-sentence ends the 
book. 1813 Byron Giaour xxiii, The deathshot hissing 
from afar. 1813 SHettey Q. Mad vu. 14 Nature confirms the 
faith his death-groan sealed. /did. 1x. 104 The melancholy 
winds a death-dirge sung. 1814 Scott Ld. of [sles v1. xviii, 
I must not Moray’s death-knell hear! 1829 CartyLe Misc. 
(1857) II. 55 He gave the death-stab to modern Superstition. 
1834 Ht. Martineau Demerara ix. 128 The animal was not 
to be restrained. .till the long death-grapple was over. 1838 
Lytron Leila 1. v, The death-shriek of his agonised father. 
1842 Pusey Crisis Eng. Ch. 100 From this deathsleep .. 
Protestant Germany was awakened by another battle-cry. 
1851 CARPENTER J/an. Phys. (ed. 2) 221 The rg ae Mortis, 
or death-stiffening of the muscles. 1882 J. H. Bunt Ref 
Ch. Eng. 1. 3 The gallery out of which the death-chamber 
opened. 1883 A. I. MenKEN /n/elicia 22 The last tremble 
of the conscious death-agony. 1 Gurney & Myers in 
19th Cent, May 792 Alleged apparitions of living persons, 
the commonest of which are death-wraiths. 

b. objective, with pres. pples. [already in OE., 
as déap-berende), as death-bearing, -boding, -brav- 
ing, -bringing, -counterfeiting, -darting, -dealing, 
-subduing, -threatening, etc., adjs. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 269 The .. summons of the 
death-threatning trumpet. 1581 — Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 27 
Death-bringing sinnes. 
Death-counterfeiting sleepe. 1592 — Rom. & Ful. m1. ii. 47 
The death-darting eye of Cockatrice. 1593 — Lucr. 165 
No noise but Owles & wolues death-boding cries. 1633 
Forp Broken H. 1. ii, Death-braving Ithocles. a@17x11 KEN 
Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 171 Their Death- 
subduing King. 1774 Goipsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 156 
This death-dealing creature. 1821 SHELLEY Fugitives iv. 7 
As a death-boding spirit. 1860 Sat. Rev. X. 574/1 When 
these death-dealing missiles fell among them. 

ce. instrumental, with pa. pples., and farasyn- 
thetic, as death-begirt, -dewed, -divided, -laden, 
-marked, -polluted, -shadowed, -sheeted, -slain, 
-winged, -wounded, etc., adjs. 

1592 Suaks. Rom. § Ful. Prol.g The fearful passage of 
their death-mark'd love. ?%c 1600 Distracted Emp. 1. i. in 
Bullen O. P72. III. 192 Having his deathe-slayne mistres in 
his armes. 1623 Massincer Dé. Milan v. ii, Secrets that 
restore To life death-wounded men! 1647 H. More Song 
of Soult. 11. xxi, Through the death-shadowed wood. 1787 

{ary Wottstonecr. Wks, (1798) IV. 139 Those mansions, 
where death-divided friends should meet. Byron 70 
Florence viii, The death-wing’d tempest’s blast. 1818 
Suettey Rev. /slam x. xiii, The death-polluted land. 1832 
MortHerwe.t Poet, Wks. (1847) 4 The dark death-laden 
banner. @1839 MitmaN Good Friday Wks. II. 336 By thy 
drooping death-dew'd brow. 1871 G. Macponatp Songs 
Winter Days u1. iv, Death-sheeted figures, long and white. 
1879 Browninc /van Ivanov. 30 Each village death-begirt. 

d. adverbial relations of various kinds, with 
adjs. and pples., rarely verbs. [With adjs. already 
in OE., as dééap-fege, -scyldiz, -wériz.| In, to, unto, 
of, like, as death; as death-black, -cold, -deaf, -decp, 
-devoted, -doomed, -due, -great, -pale, -weary, 
-worthy, etc., adjs.; death-doom vb. See also 
DEATH-SICK. 

1614 Sytvester Bethulia’s Rescue vi, 210 So, the Saint- 
Thief, which suffered with our Saviour Was led to Life 
his Death-due Behaviour. 1742 Francis Horace tv. xiv.(Jod.), 
The death-devoted breast. 1742 Younc N¢. 7h. v. 75 This 
Death-deep Silence, and incumbent Shade. 1776 Ucais 
tr. Camoens’ Lusiad 350 Death-doom'd man. 1795 Sournry 
Joan of Arc x. 596 The death-pale face. 1796 T. Townsnend 
Poems 105 What tho’ the sigh or wailing voice Can't soothe 
the death-cold ear. 1829 E: Exuorr Vili Patriarch 

., With only one star .. in the death-black firmament. 
1839 Baitey Festus ii. (1848) 11 Like Asshur’s death-great 
monarch, 1863 Barinc-Goutp /celand 259, I can death- 
doom him as I please. 1864 Lowrtt Fireside Trav. 242 
To death-deaf hage shout in vain. 1866 Howe.is 
Venet. Life iti. 34 All the floors. .are death-cold in winter. 

19. Special combs.: death-adder, a name for 
the genus Acanthophis of venomous serpents, esp. 
A. antarctica of Australia; also erron. f. deaf-adder, 
deaf adder: see DEA¥ a. 1 d, 7; death-baby (U.S.), 
see quot.; death-bill (Zcc/.), a list of dead for 
whom prayers were to be said (see quot.) ; death- 
blast, (a) a blast of a horn, etc, announcing or 


1590 Suaks. Mids. N. ui. ii. 364 | 


| 
| 


74 


presaging death ; (4) astorm or wind of destructive | the lang drawn “death-sough ? 


or deadly character ; death-cord, the rope used for 
hanging, the gallows-rope; death-dance, a dance 
at or in connexion with death ; the Dance of Death ; 
death-doing a., doing to death, killing, murderous 
(see also DEAD-DOING); death-drake (Angling), 
a kind of artificial fly (see DRAKE); death-duty, 
a duty levied on the devolution of property in con- 
psi pres of the owner’s death; legacy, and probate 
and succession duties ; + death-evil (dede-, deed-), 
a mortal disease; also, the name of a specific 
disease (quot. 1559); death-feud, a feud prose- 
cuted to the death ; death-flame = DEATH-FIRE I; 
death -flurry (Whalefishery), the convulsive 
struggles of a dying whale after being harpooned 
(see FLurry); also fig.; +death-head = Deatu’s- 
HEAD ; + death-ill (Sc. + dede-z//), mortal illness ; 
death-mask, a cast of plaster or the like, taken 
from a person’s face after death; death-moss (see 
quot.); death-moth, the Death’s-head Moth; 
death-penalty, the penalty of death, capital 
punishment ; death-penny, the obolus placed in 
the mouth of a corpse, with which to pay the ferry- 
manin Hades; death-pile, a funeral pile; death- 
rate, the proportion of the number of deaths to 
the population of a country, town, etc., usually 
reckoned at so much per thousand per annum ; 
death-rattle, a rattling sound in the throat of 
a dying person, caused by the partial stoppage of 


the air-passage by mucus; death-ring, a finger- | 


| art on thy death-bed. 
| dreads a death-bed like the meanest slave. 


ring constructed to convey poison in shaking hands | 


(W. Jones, /inger-rings 1877, 435); death-rope, 
a gallows-rope; death-ruckle, -ruttle (Sc.) = 
death-rattle; death-sough (.Sc.), ‘the last inspira- 
tion of a dying person’ (Jam.); death-tick= 
DEATH-WATCH I ; death-trance, a trance in which 
the action of the heart, lungs, etc. is so reduced as 
to produce the semblance of death (Syd. Soc. Lex. 
1882) ; death-trap, applied to any place or struc- 
ture which is unhealthy or dangerous without its 
being suspected, and is thus a trap for the lives of 
the unwary; death-wave (see quots.); death- 
weight, a small weight placed on the eyelids of 
a corpse to keep them closed. 

1860 Chambers’ Encycl. s.v. Adder, A very venomous ser- 
pent of New South Wales (Acanthophis tortor) is sometimes 
called the *death-adder. 1615 Sir E. Hosy Curry-combe 
sg The gracelesse people, who stopped their eares like the 
death Adder. 1881 A Cheguered Career 321 ‘The deaf 
adder, or death adder, as some people miscall it. 1892 NV. ¥. 
Nation 11 Aug. 107/1 A certain fungus called ‘ *death- 
baby’ .. fabled to foretell death in the family. 1849 Rock 
Ch. of Fathers U1. 383 note, Abp. Lanfranc .. allotted the 
office of drawing up and sending off these *death-bills to 
the precentor. 1820 Scotr A 4éot xxxviii, A bugle sounded 
loudly..‘It is the *death-blast to Queen Mary's royalty’, 
said Ambrosius. 1 tr. Comte de Paris’ Hist. Civ. 
War Amer. 1. 456 The storm which in consequence of 
its periodical return in the beginning of November, 
sailors call the death-blast. 1820 St. Kathleen IV. 23 
(Jam.) She had for three nights successively seen a *death- 
candle flitting..along the cliffs. ax85x JoaNNA Baitur 
(Ogilvie), Have I done well to give this sat | vet'ran 
-. To the *death-cord, unheard? 1865-8 F. Parkman 
France & Eng. in Amer. (1880) 275 The ghostly “death- 
dance of the breakers. a1652 Brome New Acad. 1. Wks. 
1873 II. 9 Here’s the *death-doing point. 1795 SouTHEY 
Foan of Arc vil. 362 That death-doing foe. 1799 G. Smitn 
Laboratory 11. 298 (Anglin, 1] *Death-drake..taken chiefly 
in an evening, when the May-fly is almost gone. 1881 
Gtapstont in Daily News 5 Apr. 2/6 My attention has 
been turned to a much larger subject—the subject of "death 
duties. ¢1 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 32 Sipen at 
Gloucestre *dede euelle him toke. 1559 MorwynG Avonyy. 
256 Angry plage such as in some mens legges the late 
wrytars call the deed evill. 1820 Scort A déot xi, They have 
threatened a *death-feud if any one touches us. 1813 Hose 

ucen's Wake 65 That fays and spectres. . spread the *death- 

lame on the wold. 1860 Gen. P. Tuompson Andi Alt. 111, 
ci. 2 The convulsive effort, —‘ *death-flurry' as the whalers 
call it,—which is taking place in America on the subject of 
fe he’ 5 a Co Wes ey Wks. (1872) V. 287 They are mere 
*death-l ; they kill innocent mirth. 185 Loner. Gold. 
Leg. w. Refectory, None of your death-heads carved in 
wood. ay = typi Cron. vu, X. 230 In-til hys *Dede-ill 
quhen he 2 Durnam £2, Commander. To Rdr, 
1b (Jam.) The death-ill of a natural unrenewed man. 1822 
Gatr Steam-boat 292 (Jam.) Na, na! There’s nae dead-ill 
about Loui, 1877 Dowpen Shaks. Primer ii. 29 There 
exists a *death-mask..which bears the date 1616 and which 
may be the — cast from the dead poet's face. 18: 
Miss Parpor Desert 1. 247 On many .. veneral 
pines hung wreaths of the greyish-coloured, silken parasite 
which is called in ‘wood-craft’ the *death-moss. a 18a 
Keats Ode to Melancholy 6 Nor \et the beetle, nor the 
*death-moth be Your mournful Psyche, 1875 E. Wire Life 
in Christ u. xiv. (1878) 155 The a the law 
of Moses. nyte Metvitte Gladiators IIL. 2 
Scatter a handful of dust over my forehead, and lay 


*“death-penny on my Sengue. 185t Mrs. Browninc Casa 
Guidi Windows u. 76 Had all the *death piles of the ancient 


ears Flared up in vain before me? Soc. Se. Rev. 68 
The “death rates in the army had been reduced. . 
measures, B. Stewart Conserv. Force i. x 
rate..varies with the temperature, 1829 Lytron Devereux 
vi. iv, His li rest wildly—I heard the *death-rattle. 
1815 Scorr , xxvii, That was the *death-ruckle—he’s 
1820 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 652 (Jam.) Heard nae ye 


DEATHFUL. 


x Nocawet the “ihak. 
in S.C. 207 In the huge beams or woodwork, the * \- 
tick is sure to be in the dae ee 
Browne Paracelsus v. 128 This murky, loathsome * - 

this slaughter-house. 1889 Spectator i Des 830 If... 
the Board schools are death-traps. 1848 C. — 
at Lizard 103 About one in every nine is more a 
than the rest: this the fishermen call ‘the *death wave’. 
1886 J.Mitne Zarthguakes171 Phenomena. .on the Wexford 
coast. . popularly known as ‘death waves’, probably in con- 
sequence of the lives which have been lost by these sudden 
inundations. Mrs. Browninc Poet's Vow v. iv-v, 
They laid the *death-weights on mine eyes. 
Death a., var. of Dear a. in some MSS., and in 
mod. dial. See also death-adder in DEATH 19. 
a1soo Metr. Life St. Kath. 436 There is made hole dethe 
and dombe. 1574 Hettowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. 116 As 


he was death, and most dunch, I cried out more in speaking 
unto him, than I do use in ing. 1875 Sussex Gloss., 
Death, deaf .. ‘afflicted with deathness’ 


So Death v.=DxaF 2. to deafen. 
1440 York Myst. xxxi. 186 Lo! sirs, he dethis vs with 


dynne ! 

Death-bed (de-pbed). Also 5-6 ded-, dead. ; 
6 death’s bed. The bed on which a person dies; 
the bed of death. (In OE. the grave.) 

Beowulf 5795 Nu is ..dryhten Geata, dead-bedde fest. 
c 1400 Gamelyn 24 On his deep bed to a-bide Goddes wille. 
a1g00 Childe yy Drisiows 100 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 15 On 

y. 2 


his ded bed he Coverpae Sfir. Perle xii, By him 
that lieth on his dead-bed. Maptet Gr. Forest 
When as he. . la his deathes bed. 1 Saks. Oth. 


v. ii. 51 Sweet ie, take heed, take heed of Periury, ‘Thou 
Pore Ep. Cobham 116 He 
1874 Stupss 
Const. Hist. (1875) 1. vii. 201 Canute’s division of his 
dominions on his-death-bed. 

b. attri. 

1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) 1V. 185 Such a Death- 
bed charity is too near akin to a Death-bed repentance, to 
be much valued. 1816 Scott Zales of Landlord Introd., 
To answer funeral and deathbed expenses. 


Death-bell (depbel). Also dead-bell (Sc. 


| deid-bell). 


1. A bell tolled at the death of a person ; a pass- 


| ing-bell. 


1781 C. J. Firecpinc Brothers, The Village death-bell's 
distant sound. 1784 Cowrrr 7ask u. 51 A world that seems 
To toll the death-bell of its own decease. -~ E. Peacock 
in Cath. Household 5 Jan. 13/3 The custom of ringing the 
death-bell at night. 

8. a1740 Barbara Allan viii. in Child Ballads (1886) 1v. 
277/2 She heard the dead-bell ringing. 18.. Wurrtter 
Cry of Lost Soul iv, The guide, as if he heard a dead-bell 
toll, Starts. 

2. A sound in the ears like that of a bell, sup- 
posed by the superstitious to portend a death. 

1807 Hocc Mountain Bard 17 (Jam.) O lady, tis dark, an’ 
I heard the death-bell, An’ darena gae for gowd nor fee. 

Dea‘th-bird. A bird that feeds on dead bodies ; 


a carrion-feeding bird; a bird su to bode 
death ; a popular name of a small North American 
owl, Myctala Richardsoni. 

182r SHELtey Prometh, Und, 1.340. 1822 — Hellas 1025 
The death-birds descend to their feast. T. Taytor 
Ballads of Brittany (1865) 93 Sudden I the death- 


bird’s cry. 
Dea‘th-blow. A blow that causes death. 
1795 Soutney Yoan of Arc vu. 135 For the death-blow 
prepared. ¢18r3 Mrs. Suerwoop Stories Ch. Catech. xiv. 
118 It was her death-blow—down she and never 
spoke after. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. Il. xxxii. 302 
ever to receive the death-blow but with joy. 
Jig. 1811 Byron Lines written beneath Picture, The death- 
blow of my Hope. 1838 Tuirtwatt Greece V. 103 That 
event..was generally considered as a death-blow to the 


Spartan power, 
Dea : Forms: see DeaTH; also 


aefter deothdaege doemid uucorthae. 1362 
P. Pi. Avi. 104 Hennes to pi dep day do so no more. 1389 
in Eng. Gilds 121 At pe o of a : 
to . € '. Cuthbert I 
deal tag tes Fe. f ax649 Drumm. or yaion d 
Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 124 The death-day of thy voy 
is thy birth-day to eternity. 1882 J. Parker Afost, Life 
I.15 cur deatldisy aaed wot come upon you as 8 surpslan 
2. The is t 
Keeping 


ay. 
. Onl. xevii. 

iMesehiy Mag: KLIV. a9 ‘The 7th of November was kept 

eB <a e ovember was kept 
a0 Sulgimaedibvecse by Lorenz dei Medici: ante birts- 
day and death-day of Plato. 1855 Tuackeray Mewcomes 
IL. 332 The death-day of the founder. .is still kept. 

Dea'th 


1, A luminous appearance supposed to be seen 
over a dead body, etc.: = DEAD-LIGHT 3. 

1796 CoLertpce Ode ing Year, Mighty armies of 
the » Dance like death-fires round her tomb. 1818 
Snetiey Rev. /slam x1. xii, From the choked well, whence 
a bright death-fire sprung. 

2. A fire for burning a person to death. 

1857 T. FLanaGan Hist. R.C.Church Eng. I. 81 A large 
wooden statue of the blessed Virgin was +. to make 
the death-fi: 


re. 
Deathful (de'pfil), a. -FUL.] 
1. Full of death ; Daa ee death ; mortal, 
fatal, destructive, dead 


ly. 
a in Cott. his deadful 
and’ bis elle woos Fo let Arcadia (x6as} 304 


Ta 


DEATH-HUNTER. 
Manie deathfull torments. 


1617 Cotiins Def. BA. Ely i. 
ix. 362 As Homer saies of the champions“n their deathfull 
combat. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovia’s Met. u. (1626) 23 The 
deathfull Scorpion’s far-out-bending clawes. 1742 CoLiins 
Ode to Mercy 7 Amidst the deathful field. 1850 Buackir 
Eschylus 1, 154 The man, that dealt the deathful blow. 
3878 Bayne Purit. Rev. viii. 340 Man under sinful and 
deathful conditions. 
2. Subject to death, mortal. arch. rare. 
1616 Cuarman Homer's Hymn to Venus (N.), That with 


a deathless goddess lay A deathful man. 1887 Morris 
Odyss. 11. 3 Unto deathful men on the corn-kind earth that 
dwell. 

3. Having the appearance of death, deathly. 


1656 [see DeatHFuLNeEss]. 1803 JANE Porter Thaddeus 
viii. (1831) 74 The deathful hue of his countenance. 1850 
Mrs. Brownine Vision of Poets xcii, Deathful their faces 
were. 1881 W. Witkins Songs of Study 97 Her .. white 
body spotted o’er With deathful green. 

Hence Dea‘thfully adv., Dea‘thfulness. 

1809 CampBeLL Gertr. Wyom. 1. xvi, Deathfully their 
thunders seem'd to sweep. 1810 Scott Lady of L. tv. xxv, 
She was bleeding deathfully. 1656 Artif Handsom. 70 
To adorn our lookes, so as may be most remote from 
a deathfulnesse. @ 1853 Robertson Lect. i. (1858) 116 There 
is nothing to break the deep deathfulness of the scene. 

Dea‘th-hu:nter. s/ang. One who furnishes 
a newspaper with reports of deaths (0ds.) ; a vendor 
of dying speeches or confessions (ods.) ; an under- 
taker; see also quot. 1816. 

1738 (tit/e in Farmer), Ramble through London, containing 
observations on Beggars, Pedlars .. Death Hunters [etc.]. 
1776 Foore Capuchin u. Wks. 1799 II. 391 When you were 
the doer of the Scandalous Chronicle, was not I death-hunter 
to the very same paper? 1816 C. James M7lit. Dict. (ed. 4) 
377/2 Death Hunters, followers of an army, who, after the 
engagement, look for dead bodies, in order to strip them. 
1851 MayHew Loud. Lab. I, 228 (Farmer) The ‘running 

atterers’, or death-hunters, being men engaged in vending 
ast dying speeches and confessions. 

Deathify (de:pifai), v. 2once-wd. (See quot.) 

a@ 1834 CoLeripcE in Remains (1836) LI. 163 Warburton 
would scarcely have made so deep a plunge into the bathetic 
as to have deathified ‘ sparrow’ into ‘spare me !” 

Deathiness (de'pinés). rave. [f. DEaruy a. 
+-NESS.] The state or quality of being ‘deathy’. 

180r SoutHEy 7/alaba v. (D.), It burns clear; but with 
the air around Its dead ingredients mingle deathiness. 1843 
Sara Coerince in JZemz. (1873) 1.275 The recumbent figure 
. -logks deathy with too real and actual a deathiness. 

Deathless (de'plés), z. [See -LESS.] 

1. Not subject to death; immortal. 

1598 SytvesteR Du Bartas u.i. Eden 741 Should (like 
our death-less Soule) have never dy’d. 1648 BoyLe Seraph. 
Love iii, (1700) 19 Though Angels and humane Souls be 
Deathless. 1790 Cowper Odyssey iv. 582 The deathless 
tenants of the skies. 31871 Tytor Prim. Cult. 1. 425 The 
faith that animals have immaterial and deathless souls. 

2. fig. Of things. 

1646 Crasuaw Sosfet. d’Her. iii, The dew of life, whose 
deathless spring Nor Syrian flame, nor Borean frost de- 
flow’rs. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. x. 775 Deathless pain. 1867 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. vi. 408 The deathless name 
of Godwine. 

Hence Dea‘thlessly adv., Dea'thlessness. 

1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O.94 The death- 
lessness of the Soul. 1865 G. Merepitn Rhoda Fleming 
xvi. (1889) 119 Our deathlessness is in what we do, not in 
what we are. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Vision of Poets cxi, 
His brown bees hummed deathlessly. 

Dea‘th-light. 

1. =Deap-.icut 3, DEATH-FIRE 1. 

1823 Joanna Bair Collect. Poems 105 A death-light 
that hovers o'er Liberty’s grave. 

2. A light burning in a death-chamber. 

1871 CarLyLe in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. 1. 146 The two 
candles. .reserved..to be her own death-lights. 

Deathlike (de‘pleik), a. [f. Drarn + -LIKE; 
formed after the OE. déap-lic had become deathly.] 

+1. Deadly, fatal, mortal; =DEaTHLy 2. Obs. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Yohn 77, The sickenes 
was not deathlyke. 1608 SHaxs. Per. 1. i. 29 Death-like 
dragons here affright thee hard. 1621 Lapy Mary Wrotu 
Urania 418 Most cruell, and the death-lik’st kind of ill. 

2. Resembling death. 

1605 Sytvester Dx Bartas u. iii. Vocation 616 A deep 
and death-like Letharge. 1795 Sourney Yoan of Arciv. 
435 A death-like paleness. 1856 StanLey Sinai § Pad. i. 
(1858) 14 The deathlike silence of a region where the fall 
of waters. .is unknown. 

Dea‘thliness. [f. Duaruty a. +-Nxss.] The 
quality of being deathly; resemblance to death. 

1841 Lyrron Vt. § Morn. (1851) 349 The utter, total 
Deathliness in Life of Simon. 1862 Mrs. Stowe Agnes of 
Sorrento xviii. 215 The utter deathliness of the scene. 

Deathling (deplin). vare. [See -Line.] 

1. One subject to death, a mortal. Also a/tvib. 

1598 Sytvester Du Bartas u. i. Imposture 374 Alas fond 
death-lings ! 1839 Battey Festus xiv. (1848) 151 Deathlings ! 
on earth drink, laugh and love! 1886 Way tr. Z/ad xu, 
Zeus..Who over the deathling race and the deathless beareth 
sway. 

2. £/. Young Deaths, the offspring of Death per- 
sonified. (sovce-2se.) 

1730 Swirt Poems, Death & Daphne, His realm had need 
‘That Death should geta snndcoasorest ; Young deathlings. 

+8. Gogs deathlings: ‘by God’s death’, an oath. 
_ I6rr Corer., Mordienne, Gogs deathlings ; a foolish oath 
in Rabfelais]. 

Dea (depli), a. 


Forms: 1-2 déaplic, 2 


deadlich, deplich, 6 deathlie, -lye, 6- deathly. 


75 


[OE. déaplic = OHG. todlih: f. Data + -Ly1; 
cf, DEADLY. ] 

+1. Subject to death, mortal. Oés. 

971 Blickt. Hom. 21 Bid ponne undeaplic, peah he «xr 
deablic were. a1175 Cott. Hont. 221 Pu wurst deadlic, 3ef 
pu pes trowes westm 3éétst. c12z00 72x. Coll. Hom. 9 Mid 
ure deadliche liue. 

2. Causing death, deadly. 

e1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 Debliche atter. 1548 UDALL, etc. 
Erasm. Par, 2 Cor. ii. (R.), Vnholsome and deathlye to 
such as refuse it, 1555 Cohkabitacyon of Faithfull 19 ‘The 
byting of deathlie serpentes. 1568T. HoweLt Newe Sonnets 
(1879) 119 When deathly seas compels weake hart to quaile. 
1862 Trottore North Amer. 1. 263 That deathly flow of 
hot air coming up. .from the neighbouring infernal regions. 
1885 W. pe Gray Bircu Life K. Harold v. 135 His wounds, 
many and deathly. 

8. Of the nature of or resembling death, death- 
like; gloomy, pale, etc. as death. 

1568 T. Howett Ard. Amitie (1879) 69 The deathly day 
in dole I passe. 1852 Mrs. Carty.e Left. II. 204 She, 
poor thing, looking deathly. 1865-8 F. Parkman France 
& Eng. in Amer, (1880) 57 A deathly stillness. 

4. Of or pertaining to death. foetdcal. 

1850 Mrs, Browninc Sou/'s Trav. 176 That deathly odour 
which the clay Leaves on its deathlessness alway. 1878 
BrowninG La Saisiaz 65 As soul is quenchless by the 
deathly mists. 

Dea‘thly, adv. In 2 deabliche. 
and -ty2. Cf. DEADLY adv. 1, 3, 4.] 

+1. In a way causing or tending to death. Ods. 

az240 Lofsong in Cott. Hon.211 Herpurh ich deie pet 
spec er of swuche pinge and deadliche sunegi. 

2. To a degree resembling death. 

1817 CoLeRIDGE Biog. Lit. (1847) I. 185 Here and thus I 
lay, my face..deathly pale. 1884. F. Wootson in Harfer's 
Mag. Jan. 197/1 It was ‘deathly cold’ in these ‘stony lanes’. 

+ Death’s-face. Ols—} =Drarn’s-HEAD 1. 

1623 Suaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 616 A deaths face in a ring. 

Death’s-head (de‘psjhed). [See DEATH 1 c.] 

1. The head of Death figured as a skeleton ; 
a human skull; a figure or representation of a 
skull, esp. as an emblem of mortality. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. l’.1. ii. 55, 1 had rather to be married 
to a deaths head with a bone in his mouth. 1597 — 2 Hew. 
/V, 1. iv. 255 Doe not speake like a Deaths-head: doe not 
bid me remember mine end. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1987/4 
Several Jewels and Rings, one of which was Enamelled with 
a Deaths-head. 1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat. (1852) II. 659 
Hermits and holy men are described sighing over death’s 
heads, sobbing and groaning at their being men and not 
angels. 1822 Scott Pirate xl, The old black flag, with the 
death's head and hour-glass. 1864 THackeray D. Duvadii, 
His appearance. .was as cheerful as a death’s head at a feast. 
Jig. 1641 May Old Couple mi. ii. (1810), As the two old 
death’s-heads to-morrow morning Are to be join’d together. 

tb, A ring with the figure of a skull. Ods. 

(About 1600 commonly worn by procuresses.) 

1605 Marston Dutch Courtesan 1. ii, Their wickednesse 
is always before their eyes, and a deathes-head most com- 
monly on their middle finger. 1607 Dekker Northward 
Hoe wv. Wks. 1873 III. 50 As if I were a bawd, no ring 
pleases me but a death’s head. 1670 Devout Commun. 
(1688) 8 Shall not I wear thy ring, who am so ready to 
eae to preserve alive the memorial of a dead 
rien 


[See prec. 


| 


2. A name given to a South American species of | 


squirrel-monkey, Chrysothrix sciureus, from the 
appearance of its face and features. 

3. attrib. Death’s-head Moth, a large species 
of hawk-moth (Acherontza atropos), having mark- 
ings on the back of the thorax resembling the figure 
of a skull. 

1781 Barut Genera Insect. 179 Death's-head moth. .\t has 
a grey irregular spot upon which are two black dots which 
very plainly represent a death’s head, whence this insect 
takes its name. 1816 Kirpy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) Il. 414 
‘The bees..protected themselves from the attacks of the 
death’s head moth .. by closing the entrance of the hive. 
1879 Luspock Sez. Lect. ii. 50 The Death’s head hawk-moth 


caterpillar feeds on the potato. 
+Dea‘th’s-herb. O2s. Deadly Nightshade. 


1607 TorseLL Four-f, Beasts (1673) Dwall or Night- 
shade, which is also called Deaths eee . 


Dea‘th-sick, «. [DeatH 18d.] Sick unto 
death, mortally sick or ill. So Dea‘th-si:ckness, 


‘mortal illness. 


1628 Be. Hatt Quo Vadis? § 19 Apparitions .. wherewith 
some of our death-sick gentlemen..haue bin frighted into 
catholickes. 1661 Petit. E. Chaloner in 7th Rep. Hist. 
MSS. Commission 147 During his imprisonment .. he took 
his death sickness. 1846 Mannine Sev. (1848) IL. ii. 33 
After the partial cure of a death-sickness, 

Deathsman (de:psmén). avch. A man who 
puts another to death; an executioner. 

1589 GREENE Menaphon (Arb.) 90 Democles commanded 
the deathsman to doo his deuoyre. 1605 SHaxs. Lear iv. 
vi. 263, I_am onely sorry He had no other Deathsman. 
a 1632 T. Taytor God's Fudgem. u. vii. (1642) 104 Loath to 
have any other deaths-man but himselfe, he was found 
slaine by his owne hand. 1813 Scorr Rokeby v1. xxxii, The 
very deaths-men paused to hear. 

+ Dea‘th’s-ring. Oés. A death’s-head ring. 

1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. 1. vii. (1654) 360 The old 
posie of the deaths-ring. 

Dea‘th-struck, z. Also Death-stricken, 
+-strucken. Smitten with death, z.e. with a mortal 
wound or disease. 

1622 J. Reynotps God’s Revenge u. vii. 83 They see her 
death-strooken with that Plannet, and therefore adiudge 


DEATH-WORTHY. 


their skill but vaine. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. u1. ii. 
(heading), A strange Example of one Death-strucken as he 
walked the Streets. 1688 Norris Love 1. iii. 25 When all 
his Rational Facultys are as ’twere benumm’d and death- 
struck. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. |xxvii, Tho’ death-struck, 
still his feeble frame he rears. 1855 Rosinson Whitby 
Gloss., Death-strucken, smitten with death, 1887 A. Jessorr 
in Dict. Nat. Biog. UX. 402/2 It is only when he [Cecil] is 
death-stricken..that we find the curtain raised. 

Death-throe. Forms: a. 4 dep prowe, 6 
Se, deitht thrau, 7-9 death-throe; 8. Sc. and 
north. dial. 4 ded thrau, dede prawe, 6 dede-, 
deid-thraw, 7 dead-throe, g dead-thraw, 
-throw. [f. DearH + THROoE; most frequent in 
the northern form dede-thraw, mod.Sc. detd-thraw.] 
The agony of death, the death-struggle ; also fig. 

€ 1308 St. Christopher 192 in E. E. P. (1862) 64 pat hire dep 
prowes were stronge. 1549 Compl. Scot. xiv. 121 Darius vas 
in the agonya and deitht thrau. 1849 Ropertson Serve. 

Ser. 1. xil. (1866) 210 The death-throes of Rome were long 
and terrible. 

B. «1300 Cursor A, 26659 (Cott.) Quen ded thraus smites 
smert. 1535 STEWART Crox. Scot. III. 119 Sum in the deid- 
thraw la walterand in swoun. 1597 Mon1Gomerie Cherrie 
& Slae 286 Like to an fische fast in the net, In deid-thraw 
vndeceist. 1645 RutrHerrorp 7vyal §& Trt. Faith (1845) 
279 In the dead-throe. 1815 Scott Guy AZ. ix, Ye maun 
come hame, sir,—for my lady’s in the dead-thraw. 1826 
E. Irvine Babylon I. 1. 144 While it is the dead-throw, 
the last gasp and termination of life to the Papal Beast. 

b. fig. (Sc.) 1808 Jamieson s.v., Meat is said to be in the 
deadthraw, when it is neither cold nor hot. 1822 Hoca 
Perils Man 111. 116 (Jam.) One of those .. winter days .. 
when the weather is what the shepherds call in the dead- 
thraw, that is, in a struggle between frost and thaw. 

Deathward (depw:1d), adv. Forms: see 
DeatH. [See -warp.] In the direction of death, 
towards death. a. orig. Zo (one’s) deathward= 
towards one’s death. 

1430 Lypc. Bochas 1, ix. (1544) 18 b, Kind [= Nature] to 
his deathward..doth him dispose. ¢1440 Gesta Row. xlvii. 
202 (Harl. MS.), I sawe him go to debeward. ¢1530 Lp. 

BERNERS Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 129 Ye shall not go to 
your dethward. 1876 Swinpurne Lvechth. 705 And wash 
to deathward down one flood of doom. 

B. 1340 Hampoce /’7. Cousc. 807 When he drawes to ded- 
ward, ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 96 When baire frendez 
drawez to be deed ward. 

b. without Zo. 

1844 Mrs. BrowninG Poems, Lady Gervaldine’s Courtship 
Concl. ix, So.. Would my heart and life flow onward, death- 
ward. 1887 Swinsurne Locrine iv. i. 77 Our senses sink 
From dream to dream down deathward. 

Dea'thwards, adv. (adj... 
= prec. 

1839 BaiLey Festus v. (1848) 12/1 All mortal natures fall 
Deathwards. 1880 R. H. Hutton in /raser’s AJag. May 
665 The ‘life-wards’ or ‘death-wards’ tendency of our 
actions. 

Dea‘th-wa:rrant. Also 7-8 dead-. A wat- 
rant for the execution of the sentence of death. 

1692 Lutrreve Brief Kel. (1857) 11. 644 Vhe dead warrant 
is come to the sheriffe of London for the execution of 13 of the 
late condemned criminally. 1757 SymMmer in Ellis Orig. 
Lett. u. LV. 398 The Lords of the Admiralty. .signed the 
Dead Warrant appointing him to be shot. 1886 C. BuLtock 
Queen's Resolve 51/1 Before Parliament relieved her of the 
necessity, she [Queen Victoria] had to sign the death-warrant 
of all prisoners sentenced to suffer capital punishment. 

Jig. 1814 Scott Life of Swift Swift's Wks. (1824) I. 250 It 
was her death-warrant. She sunk at once under the dis- 
appointment. 1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 232 An 
institution whose death-warrant you pretend to be signing. 

Death-watch (dep,wot/). Also 8 dead-. 

1. The popular name of various insects which 
make a noise like the ticking of a watch, supposed 
by the ignorant and superstitious to portend death ; 
esp. the small beetles of the genus 4zobzum, which 
bore in old wood, and a minute neuropterous insect 
Atropos pulsatorius, known as destructive to bo- 
tanical and entomological collections. 

1668 WiLkins Real Char. i. v. § 2. 127 Sheathed Winged 
Insects. . That of a long slender body, frequent about houses, 
making a noise like the minute of a Watch.. Death Watch. 
1joo Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo 11. 385 The Death-watch 
Spiders spread their curious Hair. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W. 
xc, I listened for death-watches in the wainscot. 1828 STARK 
Elem. Nat. Hist. 11. 272 Both sexes, in the season of love, 
have the habit of calling one another by striking rapidly 
with their mandibles on the wood .. This noise, similar to 
the accelerated beating of a watch, has occasioned .. the 
vulgar name of Death-watch. 1881 Besant & Rice Chai. 
of Fleet \. 294 Last night I heard the death-watch. i 

comb. 1710 E. Warp Brit. Hud. 60 Thy Melancholy Tick, 

That sounds, alas, so Death-watch like. 


2. A watch or vigil by the dead or dying. 


Dea‘th-worm. 

+1. =DeatH-watcH 1. Obs. 

1773 Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 195 No ticking death-worm told 
a fancied doom. 

2. poet. A ‘worm of death’. 

82x SHELLEY Prometh. Unb. u. i. 16 How like death- 
worms the wingless moments crawl! 1850 Mrs. BrowninG 
Romaunt of Margret xxiv, Behold, the death-worm to his 
heart Is a nearer thing than thou. 

Dea‘th-worthy, 2. Also 4 ded-. Worthy 
or deserving of death. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 11967 (Cott.) Quat has it don pis bodi, 
ded worbei to be? 1532 More Confut. Barnes vi. Wks. 
780/2 He was death worthy yt wythdrewe from god the 
mony which himself had giuen to god. 1593 Suaxs. Lucr. 
635 This guilt would seem death-worthie in thy brother. 

10*-2 


[See -warps.] 


DEATH-WOUND. 


1882 H. St. Crain Femwpen Short Const. Hist. Eng. iv. 157 
One [of Alfred’s laws] makes treason deathworthy. 

Dea'th-wound. Forms: see Dzatn; for- 
merly also 8. dedes-, death’s-. A wound causing 
death, a mortal wound. . 

¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3490 Smiteb wib swerdes & speres 
..and 3if hem deb wounde. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon 
xxvi. 562 He madehim a grete wounde but no deed wounde. 
1793 Lv. AuckLAnp Corr. (1862) III. 122 Jacobinism is .. 
more likely to receive its death-wound in the South of France 
than in Flanders. 1867 Smyru Sailor's Word-bk., Death- 
wound, a law term for the starting of a butt end, or spring- 
ing a fatal leak. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 3 The 
dealer of the death-wound to the spirit of Pharisaism was 
a Pharisee. y : 

B. 13.. Cursor M. 7592 (Gott.) Mani fledd wid dedes 
wenud, [v.r. debes wounde]. 1489 Caxton Chron. Eng. 
cexliii. 290 There he caught deths wounde. 1536 BELLEN- 
DEN Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 465 Ane deidis wound in his heid. 
1667 Mitton P. L. 111. 252 Death his deaths wound shall 
then receive. 1763 Scrarton /ndostan (1770) 43 Mustapha 
Caun..received his death's wound from an arrow. 

Deathy (depi), 2. and adv. [f. DeatH +-y.] 

A. adj. Of the nature or character of death; = 
DEATHLY a. 3, 4. 

801 [cf. Deatuiness]. 1820 SHeLtey Witch Atl. Ixx, 
A mimic day within that deathy nook. 1825 SoutHey Jade 
of Paraguay iv. 38 A deathy paleness settled in its stead. 
1826 Blackw. Mag. XX. 665 The Raven dislikes all animal 
food that has not a deathy smack. 

B. as adv. To a degree resembling death; = 
DEATHLY adv. 2. 

1796 Soutney Ballads, Donica xx, Her cheeks were 
deathy white and wan. 1811 SHELLEY Moonbeam ii. 1 Now 
all is deathy still. 

+ Deawrate, c. Olds. [ad. L. deaurdt-us, pa. 
pple. of deaurare (late L.) to gild over, f. Dr- I. 3 
+ aurare to gild, f. aurum gold.] Gilded, golden. 

c1430 Lypc. Compd. Bl. Knt. \xxxvi, And whyle the twy- 
lyght and the rowes rede Of Phebus lyght were deaurat 
a lyte. cxgro Barcray Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) B iij, 
The tree of this science with braunches deaurate. 1599 
Nasue Lenten Stuffe (1871) 57 Of so  eye-bewitching 
a deaurate ruddy dye is the skin-coat of this landgrave. 
1616 Buttokar, Deaurate, guilded, glistering like gold. 

Deaurate (d7\9:re't), v. ? Obs. [f. L. deaurat., 
ppl. stem of deaurdre to gild: see prec.) ‘rans. 
To gild over. Hence Deaurated £#/. a. 

1562 Butteyvn Bk. Simples 95a, Golde is holsome to 
deaurate or gilde singes. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues 
Cowmsmnw. (1878) 54 To.. deaurate and guild ouer his spottes 
and sores with the tincture and dye of holynesse. 1656 
Buount Glossogr., Deaurate, to gild or lay over with gold 
[also in Battey (folio) and JouNson]. 1818 J. Brown 


76 


Hence Dea‘veliness. 

161x Cotcr., Solitude..lonelinesse .. want of companie, 
deauelinesse. Silence, a deauelinesse, or solitarinesse. 

Deavour, var. of Dever, Drvorr. 

Deaw, -y, obs. forms of Dew, Dewy. 


+ De-awa‘rren, v. Obs: rare. [f. WARREN: cf. 
sg pe | = DISWARREN. 

1727 W. Netson Laws conc. Game (1736) 32 Deawar- 
rened, is when a Warren is diswarrened, or ¢ up 

in Common. 

+ Deba‘cchate, v. Ods. rare. [ad. L. d%bac- 
chari, f. Bacchus: see Dr- I, 3.] To rage or rave 
asa bacchanal. Hence +Debaccha'tion. 

Cockeram, Dedacchate, to reuile one after the man- 
ner of drunkards. 1 Prynneé Histrio-M. 1. vi. xii. (R.), 
Who defile their holiday with. .most wicked debacchations, 
and sacrilegious execrations. 1727 Bawey vol. II, Dedac- 
chation, a raging or madness. ae in Bp. Lavington 
Enthus. Method. & Papists (1754) U1. 93 Then falling into 
a Fit of Rage, Quarrelling, and Debacchation. 

Debace, obs. form of DEBASE. 

Debacle (d/ba‘k’l). Also débficle. [a. F. dé& 
bacle, vbl. sb. from débdcler to unbar, remove a bar, 
f. dé-=des- (see Dr- I. 6) + ddcler to bar.]J 

1. A breaking up of ice in a river; in Geol. a 
sudden deluge or violent rush of water, which breaks 
down opposing barriers, and carries before it blocks 
of stone and other debris. 

1802 Piayrair //lustr. Hutton. Th. 402 Valleys are so 
particularly constructed as to carry with them a still 
stronger refutation of the existence of a debacle. 1823 
W. Buckianp Relig. Diluv. 158 They could have been 
transported by no other force than that of a tremendous 


| deluge or debacle of water. 1893 Daily Tel. 1 Feb., The 


debacle in the United States .. Telegrams state that 
the breaking up of the ice is being attended with great 


| damage. 


Psyche 62 She..to illuminate his pen, A deaurated thought | 


inspires, But instantaneously retires. 

Hence Deaura‘tion, the action of gilding. 

1658 Puitiirs, Deauration, a gilding over. 1706 — 
(ed. Kersey), Deauration, a gilding, or laying over with 
Gold: Among Apothecaries, the gilding of Pills to prevent 
ill Tastes. 1721 in Baitey. 1755 in Jounson; and mod. Dicts. 

Deave (div), v. Now Sc. and north. dial. 
In 4-6 (9) deve, ( 
deeve. [OE. déafian in adéafian (f between vowels 
=v) to waxdeaf. The trans. type *d/efan, *dyfan 
to make deaf, corresp. to Goth. ( ga)daubjan, OHG., 
MHG. foudben, touben, Ger. (be)tauben, does not 
appear in OE., and the trans. seems to be an exten- 
sion of the intrans. use in ME.: cf. DEAD v.] 

+1. intr. To become deaf. Obs. rare. 

[c 1050 Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 179/25 Obsurduit adeafede.] 
13.. in Pol. Rel, & L. Poems 224 Sige eres shullen dewen, 
And his eyen shullen dymmen. 

2. trans. Todeafen; to stun or stupefy with noise 
(formerly also with a blow); to bewilder, worry, 
or confuse, esp. by ‘dinning’ in one’s ears, 

1340 Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 1286 dunte pat schulde hym 
deue. a@1400 Cov. ha (Shaks. Soc.) 348 Wyttys ben 
revid, Erys ben devid. ¢ 1420 Anturs of Arth. xxii, Alle 
the Duseperis of Fraunse [are] with your dyn deuyt. ¢ 1470 
Henry Wadlace x. 285 Dewyt with speris dynt. 1 
Kewnepie Flyting w. Dunbar 360 Thow devis the deuill, 
thyne eme, wyth dyn. 1597 Montcomerte Cherrie §& Slae 
671 He greuis vs and deues vs With sophistries and schiftis. 
1792 Burns Willie's Wife ii, She has.. A clapper tongue 
wad deave a miller. 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. v, Dinna 
deave me wi’ your nonsense. 1845 in Brockett, Deave. 

4 Dasent Tales /r. Fyeld 3x It deaved one to hear. 1888 
Sheffield Gloss., Deave, to deafen ; to embarrass, to confi 
Also in Glossaries of Northumdé., Cumbrid., Lanc., Cheshire, 
Cleveland, Whitby. 

Hence Deaving /#/. a. 

~~ Motnerwe tt in Whistle-Binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 1. 
45 The deavin’ dinsome toun. 1883 Reape 7% for Tat i. 
in Harper's Mag. Jan. 251/2 A new peal of forty church 
bells, mounting. . from a muffin man's up to a deaving dome 
of bell-metal. . 

Deave, obs. inflex. of DEAF a. 

Dea'vely, de , a. dial. [The form sug- 
gests derivation from Dear (like goodly, sickly, 
weakly), and the etymological sense may be ‘where 
apaiing is heard, silent’.] Lonely, solitary and 
silent. 

1611 Cotcr., Desolé, desolate, deavelie, desart. Liewx 
destournes. .deauelie habitations, solitarie lodgings. or 
Ray N.C. Words 14 Deafely, lonely, solitary, far from 

ighb 1855 Whitby’ Gloss., Deeafly or 
Deafly, lonely. ‘They live in a far off deeafly spot,’ retired 
from all noise, secluded. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Davely, 
Deavely, Deafty, lonely. ‘It’s a davely road.” 


(4-5 dewe), 6 Sc. deiv(e, 9 | 


2. transf. and fig. A sudden breaking up or 
downfall; a confused rush or rout, a stampede. 

1848 THAcKeray Van. Fair xxxii, The Brunswickers 
were routed and had fled..It was a general débdcle. 1887 
Graphic 15 Jan. 59/2 In the nightly d@éddcle [he] is often 
content to stand aside. a > 

+ Debaid. Sc. Ods. [Arising from mixture of 
abaid, ABODE with debate.]_ Delay. 

1375 Barsour Bruce x. 222 (Edinb. MS.) Than Bonnok 
-.Went on hys way, but mar debaid (Cam, MS. abaid]. 

Debait, obs. Sc. form of DEBATE. 

Debar (dibas), v. In 6-7 debarre. [a. F. 
débarrer, in OF. desbarer, to unbar, f. des- (see DE- 
I. 6) + darer, barrer, to Bar.] 

1. trans. a. To exclude or shut out from a place 
or condition; to prevent or prohibit from (entrance, 
or from having, attaining, or doing anything). 

c1430 Lypc. Flour of Curtesie (R.), Man alone .. Con- 
strained is and by statute bound And debarred from all 
such pleasaunce. a@1§57 Mrs. M. Basser tr. More's Treat. 
Passion Wks. 1394/1 Vtterlye to debarre from heauen all 
mankynde for euer. 1586 W. Wesae Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 
39 Poetry is not debarred from any matter, which may be 
expressed by penne or speeche. 1624 Capt. Smitu Vir- 
ginia v. 195 To debarre true men from comming to them 
for trade. 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. Hib. iii. (1821) 243 His 
brother John was not debarred 7 the Law from the title. 
1775 Jounson Tax. no Tyr. 42 The multitudes, who are 
now debarred from voting. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. 
ix. (1880) 144 The Huguenots were again debarred from 
holding public offices. 

b. const. of. (Cf. deprive ¢) arch. 

1541 Act 33 Hen. VIIT, c. 6 Euery other person .. be 
vtterly excluded and debarred of their said suites. 1599 
Br. Hatt Sat. v. iii. 49 The thred bare clients pouertie 
Debarres th’ atturney of his wonted fee. 1670 Eacnarp 
Cont. Sb 34 Shall we debar youth of such an innocent 
and harmless recreation? cx Suenstone Zlegies xxii. 
41 Tho’ now debarr'd of each domestic tear. 1822 Hazuirr 
Tadble-t. Ser. 1. iii. (1869) 75 [To] debar themselves of their 
real strength and advantages. 

ec. with double object. 

¢ 1600 SHAKs. Sonn. xxviii, I. . That am debard the benefit 
of rest. 1630 Wapswortn Pilgr. viii. 83 My Pension. .was 
debarred me. 1712 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf, trist. Soc.) III. 
413 He was afterwards debarr'd the Library. 1754 J. Hu- 
prop Miscell. Wks. 11. 209 To debar him the prayers and 

: — = = Cox Jnstit. "Pepine’S — - whe 
profess the Popish religion or marry are, by the Bil 
of Ri debarred the Crown. 

+d. with zzfin. Obs. 

1600 Hottanp Livy xi. xxv. 11 
levie warre upon any confederate allies. Futter CA. 
Hist. m. A 3 Bishops. .are..debarred by their Canons to 
be Lay-Peers in like cases. 

e. with simple object: To shut out, exclude. 

1593 T. Watson Tears of Fancie xlix. (Arb.) 203 If shee 
debarre it whither shall it go, 160x Hottanp Pliny II. 
— That vitall spirit which giveth life vnto all things is 

ebarred, and choaked. = More Song of 

ot Mars, nor enters 


He was. .debarred to 


Soud u. 1. m1. xlviii, Venus orb debars 
he with knocks and jars. 

2. To set a bar or prohibition against (an action, 
etc.) ; to prohibit, prevent, forbid, toe. 

1526 Sxe.ton Magny/. 61 Somwhat I enferre, Your 
consayte to debarre. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Matt. v. 34 note, 
All su uous othes are vtterly debarred. 1597 DrayTon 
Mortimeriados 115 Seldome aduantage is in wrongs de- 
bard. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 78 Even as the dore when 
it is shut, debarres all 1695 W: Nat. 
Hist. Earth m1. i. G7 ae ie Egress [would have been] 
utterly debarr’d. @ R. W. Hamicton Rew. § 3 
viii. (1853) 40r Adherence to such a speculation debars all 
Christian fellowship. 1872 Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes 


| Jan. (1884) 410/1 Three cheers for the ship, answe: 


DEBARRATION. 
tee) 28 Be Noe bend of che glen. dea low gee eee 


passage. 
and ga Deba'rred /f/. a., Deba‘rring vil. sb. 
+a 
1640 O. Sepcwicke Christs Counsell 184 It is of singular 
& -.to a debarred person. 1604 Hizron Wes. 1. 503 
law for the debarring of young men from the mini 4 
1656 Trapp Comm. Matt. vii. 8 The door of the tabernac’ 
was not of an Sey eaeererreng weatter, bat 5 sane x 
W. Srevartr Collect. & Observ. Ch. Scotl. 1. 1. § 14 (1802) 
The minister and Session having. .debarred persons from 
Lord’s Table .. this doctrinal debarring may fear such 
“} Deba re, 
+ Debarrb, v. Obs.—° [f. De- Il. 2+L. darda 
beard.] ‘ To deprive of his beard’ (J.). 
1737 aiLey vol. II, Debarbed, having his beard cut or 
pulled off. 


Deba'rbarize, v. [Dz- II. 1.] sans. To 
divest of its barbarous character, to render not 
barbarous. Hence Debarbarization. 

1823 De Quy Lett. Education v. (1860) 103 Wherever 
law and intellectual order prevail, debarbarize (if | may 
be allowed such a coinage) what in its elements might be 
bar 1857 — China Wks. 1871 XVI. 241 No Asiatic 
state has ever debarbarised itself. . Merepitn 
etic ey Te Warman Bae GeaTiL ge oe 

ebarbarized. | 1! IsEMAN £ss. (1853) III. 427 To bring. . 
the blessing, not of civilization, but of debaxbasteation: 

Debarcation, var. of DEBARKATION. 


+ Debarre, v. Os. [De- Il. 3.] trans. To 
strip down, make quite bare. Hence + Deba‘red 
ppl.a. So + Deba're a., intensive of BARE a. 

1567 Drant Horace’s Arte of Poetrie Aij, As wooddes 
are made debayre of leaues by turnyng of yeare. c1620 
T. Rosinson A/, Magd. 223 Next her debared brests bewitch 
mine eyes. 

barg/(e: see next. 

Debark (diba‘1k), v.1 Also 7 debarque, de- 
barg(e. [a. F. débarquer, f. dé =des- (see DE- pref. 
I. 6) + darque Bark sb., ship. Cf. DisBark. For 
debarging (quot. 1692) cf. BARGE.] = DISEMBARK. 
a. trans, 

1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 69 Untill he had 
debarqued all his Horse. Sg Gentl. Mag. 4 The Dutch 
debarked 7oo Europeans. 1 K. Jounston Lond. Geog. 
gr i refuge at which the slaves captured..were debarked. 

. intr. 
1694 Luttrett Brief Red. (1857) 111. 349 The forces on 


| board are to debarque. 1883 Burron & Cameron 70 Gold 


Coast I. iii. 76 A strip of beach upon which I should prefer 
to debark. 

Hence Debarking vé/. sd. and ffl. a. 

1692 Luttret, Brief Rel. (1357) 11. 483 To row the new 
debarging vessells to Portsmouth. /dzd. 505 Well boates. . 
for debarging soldiers. 1867 GARFIELD in Centu mt: 

our 


f. De- II. 2 + 
‘o strip of its 


debarking friends with three more. 

Debark (dibask), v.2 rare. 
Bark 56.1; cf. D1isBaRrK.] ¢rans. 
bark, decorticate. Also fig. 

1744-s0 Exiis Mod. Husb. IV. iii. 58 They de-bark their 
(hop) | poles, that they may dry sooner. 1791 E. Darwin 
Bot. Gard. 1. Notes 114 To debark oak-trees in the spring. 
1818 J. Brown Psyche 46 Let us exemplify the matter De- 
bark’d of scientific chatter. 

Debarkation (dibaikzi:fan). Also debarca- 
tion. [f. DEBARK v.1 + -aTI0N.] The action of 
pray 3 from a = disembarkation. 

nt Vv 


1 i. Mag. XXV1. They kept on their guard, 
and prevented the intend lebarkation. 1850 MERIVALE 
Rom. Emp. (1865) U1. xvii. 248 The construction of the 


Roman gall facilities for debarkation. 
Lewin ioons Bete, We 86 nual ‘comrovertay has been rai 
as to the place of [Czsar’s) debarcation. 
Deba'rkment. vave. [f. as prec. +-MENT: 
cf. F. débar: : ee 
: ix. 1, 1v. xii. (D.), Our tto.. 
ne tae er = ali 
Deba'rment. rare. [f. Depa v. + -MENT.] 
The act of debarring or fact of being debarred. 
sp. (1677) 231 It may be a cause.. 
of his debarment. 1709 Kennet Erasmus on Folls ¥ Add 
to this. .their deb from all pl 1869 Vcack. 
more Lorna D. (1889) 265 Thinking of my sad de ent 
from the sight of Lorna. 
(d?barins). rare. [f. as prec. + 
-ANCE.] The action of debarring ; sfec. the formal 
de of unworthy communicants from the 
‘able by the ‘fencing of the table’ in 
yterian churches: see DEBARRATION, 
1861 J. MacFartane Life G. Lawson us. (1862) 81 It is 
doubtful if these ‘ debarrances ' (another name for this pecu- 
liar service) ever kept away one who had determined to 


communicate. 

Debarrass (d/be'ris), v. [a. F. débarrass-er, 
f. dé- = des- (see De- I. 6) + -barrasser in embar- 
rasser to EMBARRASS.] ¢rans. To disembarrass ; to 
disencumber from anything that embarrasses. 

1789 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) III. 97 So as to debarrass 
_— pees this. 1792 W. perp 3 Looker-on (1794) I. 
390 To debarrass its motions, oO ay S. 

. Ld. A 's Corr. (1862) III. 
seit the armies of France should rap hy wl 


jemies. . Eyre x, 1 debar- 

somes “Of ee > Dag 5 eet Cher. Fohustone 165 
Jean Carnie, who deba: certain wrappers. 

Debarra‘tion. are. [f. Depar v.: see 


-ATION.] The action of debarring; =DEBARRANCE, 
—e w. satay Worship Ch, Scot. iii, 109 This 


ed ho, bon, 


DEBARRENT. 


address came to be popularly known as the Fencing of the 
Table .. its most prominent feature came to be a series of 
debarrations beginning thus: ‘I debar from the Table of 
the Lord’ such and such a class. 


Deba‘rrent. vave—'. [f. Desar v., after de- 
terrent, etc.) Anything that debars. 

1884 Times 8 Aug. 4/6 The Chinaman generally does not 
indulge in beer or wine—a great debarrent being the cost 
when delivered from Europe. 

Debase (dibé''s), v. Also 6 debace. [Formed 
in 16th c, from De- I. 1, 3+ Base v.!: cf. ABASE.] 

+1. trans. To lower in position, rank, or dignity ; 
to abase. Obs. 

1568 Grarton Chron. II. 69 The king hath debased him- 
selfe ynough to the Bishop. /éid. II. 75 Debasyng himselfe 
with great humilitie and submission before the sayde two 
Cardinalles. 1593 SHaxs. Rich. //, 1. iii. 190 Faire Cousin, 
you debase your Princely Knee, ‘To make the base Earth 
prowd with kissing it. 16r0 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God 
1. xvi. (1620) 121 Brutus debased Collatine and banished 
him the city. 1648 Witkins Math. Magick 1. i. 4 The 
ancient Philosophers .. refusing to debase the principles of 
that noble profession unto Mechanical experiments. 1671 
Mitton Samson 999 God sent her to debase me. 1751 
Jounson Rambler No. 187 ® 4 A man [in Greenland] will 
not debase himself by work, which requires neither skill nor 
courage. 1827 PoLtLox Course 7. v, Debased in sackcloth, 
and forlorn in tears. 

+ 2. To lower in estimation ; to decry, depreciate, 
vilify. Obs. 

1565 T. STapLeton Fortr. Faith 62 The Manichee..would 
so extol grace, and debace the nature of man. 1600 HoLLtanp 
Livy 1x. xxxvii. 341 Praising highly. .the Samnites warres, 
debasing the Tuscanes. 1704 J. Biair in W. S. Perry //ist. 
Coll. Amer. Col, Ch. I. 98, I have heard him often debase 
and vilify the Gentlemen of the Council, using to them the 
opprob[r]ious names of Rogue, Rascal [etc.]. 1746 HeEr- 
vey Medit. (1818) 15 Why should we exalt ourselves or 
debase others ? 

3. To lower in quality, value, or character ; to 
make base, degrade; to adulterate. b. spec. To 
lower the value of (coin) by the mixture of alloy 
or otherwise ; to depreciate. 

1591 SPENSER Tears of Muses, Urania iii, Ignorance .. 
That mindes of men borne heavenlie doth debace. 1602 
Fucsecke rst Pt. Parall. 54 Or els it may be changed in 
the value, as if a Floren, which was worth 4 li to be debased 
to 3li. 1606 State Trials, Gt. case of Impositions (R.), 
That these staple commodities might not be debased. 1751 
Jounson Rambler No. 168 ® 4 Words which convey ideas 
of dignity. .arein time debased. 1789 vans. Soc. Encourag. 
Arts I. 16 Much of the Zaffre brought to England is mixed 
with matters that debase its quality. 1879 Froupe Cesar 
xiii. 177 Laws against debasing the coin. 

Debased (débéi-st), ps7. a. [f. prec. +-ED 1.] 

1. Lowered in estimation (0ds.), in quality, or char- 
acter: see the verb. 

1594 Hooker £eccl. Pod. u. vii. (1611) 76 This so much 
despiced and debased authoritie of man. a@ 1859 MacauLay 
Hist, Eng. V.3 A debased currency. 1863 Fr. A. KemB_e 
Resid. in one 9 One of a debased and degraded race. 

2. Her, Of a charge: Borne upside down; re- 
versed. 1864 in WEBSTER. 

Hence Deba‘sedness, debased character. 

a@1720 W. Duntor in Spurgeon Treas, Dav. Ps. cxix. 
59 The folly and danger of sin, the debasedness of its 

leasures. 1885 L. OuirHant Symfpueuntata xii, 189 The 
fettering debasedness of material cravings. 

Debasement (d/béi-smént). 
-MENT.] 

1. The action or process of debasing; the fact or 
state of being debased; lowering, degradation; 
concr. anything wherein this is involved. 

1602 FuLseckeE 1st Pt. Paral/. 54 If the debasement were 
before the day of paiment the debtor may pay the det in the 
coin embased. 164: Mitton Reform. u. (1851) 37 The 
Primitive Pastors of the Church .. avoiding all worldly 
matters as clogs .. and debasements to their high calling. 
1776 Ava Smit W, N. 1. xi. (1868) I. 205 The great debase- 
ment of the silver coin, by clipping and wearing. 1835 Lytton 
Rienzi 1. viii, I weep for the debasement of my country. 

+2. Abasement. Odés. 

1593, NasHeE Christ's T. (1613) 32 It is debasement and 
a punishment to me to inuest and enrobe my selfe in the 
dregs and drosse of mortality. @1711 Ken Man. Prayers 
Wks, (1838) 388 With what debasement and dread ought 
I to eppeas before thy awful presence. 1855 Mirman 
Lat. Chr. (1864) 1V. vu. ii, 102 The history of Henry's 
debasement. 

Debaser (dzb2i-sa1). One who debases. 

1611 Cotcr., Addbaisseur, an abaser, debaser .. humbler, 
bringer downe of. 1621-31 Laup Serm. (1847) 102 To 
punish the debasers of ‘justice’. 1794 Sir W. Jones 
Laws of Menu ix. 258 Debasers of metals. 1805 J. Cart- 
wriGHT State of Nation x. 53 A debaser of the character of 
our nation. 1847 R. E. wHitt Servm. II. 378 The 
debasers of baptism. ; t 

+ Deba'sh, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Du-I.1, 3+ 
Basu v.!]_ To abash. 

1610 Niccots Exgland’s Eliza Induct. (N.), But sillie I.. 
Fell prostrate down, debash’d with reverent shame, 

Debash, var. of DuBasu Anglo-/nd., interpreter. 

Debasing (débétsin), vd/. sd. [-Nc1.] The 
action of the verb DEBASE. 

1891 Atheneum 3 Oct. 448/1 In the fatal debasing of the 
coinage. 

Deba‘sing, A//. a. [-1nc?.] That debases. 

1775 in AsH, 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 191 
The misery of a debasing pauperism. 1876 J. H. Newman 
Face Sh. I. 1. iv. 198 Mahometanism. .is as debasing. .as it 

is false. 


[f. as prec. + 


77 


Hence Deba‘singly adv. pie 

1847 in Craic. 1892 Harfer’s Mag. Nov. 946/1 It indi- 
cated more ignorance of what is debasingly called Life than 
knowledge of it. 

+ Deba‘sure. Obs. varve—'. [See-uRE.] De- 
basement. 

1683 Cave Ecclesiasticé 207 To propound a place that might 
look like a debasure and degrading of him. 

Debatable (d7bzi'tab’l), a. Also 7-9 debate- 
able. [a. OF. debatable (Cotgr.), debattadble, f. 
debat(t)-re + -ABLE: med. (Anglo-)L. debatadilis.] 

1. Admitting of debate or controversy ; subject to 
dispute; questionable. 

18x Mutcaster Positions iii. (1887) 11 The difference of 
opinion is no proufe at all, that the matter is debatable. 
1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2031/2 A Committee for considering 
the debateable Elections. 1817 J. Scotr Paris Revisit. 
ses 4) 201 Observations on certain debateable points. 188, 

*rouDE Short Stud. 1V. 11. i. 177 Doctrines, which degrade 
accepted truths into debatable opinions. 

2. esp. Said of land or territory, e.g. on the border 
of two countries and claimed by both: applied to 
lands on the borders of England and Scotland, esf. 
a tract between the Esk and Sark, claimed (before 
the Union) by both countries, and the scene of 
frequent contests. 

[x 53. 1531-2 See Barapie.] 1492 in Rymer /edera X11. 
oS ‘erras debatabiles ibidem adjacentes, 1536 BELLENDEN 
Cron. Scot. (1821) I, 162 Gret contentioun betwix the Scottis 
and Pichtis, for certane debaitabill landis, that lay betwix 
thair realmes. 1549 Compd. Scot. viii. 74 Neutral men, lyik 
to the ridars that dueillis on the debatabil landis. 1604 
(title), A Booke of the survaie of the debatable and border 
lands. 1609 Skene Reg. A/a7. 11 Quhither the defender 
hes any other land in the towne, quhere the debaitable land 
lyes, or nocht. 1777 Nicotson & Burn //ist. IWestin. & 
Cumb. 1. p. \xxii, The Debateable Land..became a further 
bone of contention between the two snarling parties. ¢ 1800 
K. Wuite Lett. (1837) 338 The debateable ground of the 
Peloponnesians. 1820 Scorr Addot ii, ‘The Grames who 
then inhabited the Debateable Land. 1838 ‘THirLWALL 
Greece II, 129 Guarding a debatable frontier. 

b. fig. Of regions of thought, etc. 

1814 Cuatmers Lwvid. Chr. Revel. i. 31 Christianity is now 
looked upon as debateable ground. 1870 Farrar ‘ave. 
Sheech iv. (1873) 118 The. .debateable lands of the separate 
linguistic kingdoms. 

+B. as sb, The Debatable Land (on the border 
of England and Scotland: see 2 above) ; also f/. 
the residents on this land ‘sometimes debatadllers). 
15st Evw. VI Zit. Rem. (Roxb.) II. 389 The lord Max- 
well did upon malice to the English debatables overrun 
them. /éid. 390 Then shal the Scottis wast their debat- 
ablers, and we ours. /6é¢, 407 The commissionars for the 
Debatable. 1568 in H. Campbell Love-Lett. Mary Q. Scots 
App. (1824) 15 ‘The contraversy yerely arising by occasion 
of certain grounds upon the frontiers in the East Marches, 
commonly called the ‘ Threap-land’, or ‘ Debatable’. 

Debate (dibzit), 54.1 Also 4-5 debaat, 4-6 
debat, 5-6 Sc. debait. [ME. debat, a. ¥. debat 
(13th c. in Littré) = Pr. dedat, It. dibatto, Romanic 
deriv. of the verb: see DEBATE v.1]. 

1. Strife, contention, dissension, quarrelling, 
wrangling; a quarrel. At debate: at strife, at 
variance. Ods. or arch. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 9684 (Cott.) Bituix mi sisters es a debat. 
I Hamrote Pr. Consc. 3473 To accorde pam pat er at 
debate. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer /7iar’s 7. Prol. 24 Ye schold 
been heende And curteys..In company we wol haue no 
debaat. 1481 Caxton Godfrey clxxix. 263 Whan..alle the 
debates [had ben] appeased that were emong them. 1535 
CoverDALe Luke xii, 51 Thynke ye that Iam come to brynge 
peace vpon earth—I tell you nay but rather debate. 1536 

ELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 61 Thus rais ane schameful 
debait betwix thir two brethir. 1612 RowLanps Axane of 
Harts 24 To.. set good friends and neighbors at debate. 
1715 Pore /diad 1. 321 To seal the truce and end the dire 
debate. 1882 J. Parker Afost. Life I. 138 The spirit of 
debate is opposed to the spirit of love. 

comb, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 115 Debate maker, or baratour, 
zncentor. A : a 

+b. Physical strife, fight, conflict. Ods. 

15.. Felon Sowe Rokeby in R. Bell Anc. Poems Peasantry 
(1857), Hee wist that there had bin debate. @ 1533 Lp. 
Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Rv b, Their debate was 
so cruell, that there was slaine v. capitaynes. 1590 SPENSER 
FQ. 11.viii. 54 The whole debate, Which that straunge knight 
for him sustained had. ; 

+e. Zo make debate: to make opposition or 
resistance. Ods. 

c1350 Will. Palerne 4380 Pe werwolf was ful glad of 
Williams speche..And made no more debat in no maner 
wice. 1g00-20 Dunsar Freris of Berwik 535 Se this be 
done and mak no moir debait. ¢ 1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) 
Chron. Scot. (1728) 10 Or else, if they made no debate, 
without consideration and pity would cut their throats. 

2. Contention in argument ; dispute, controversy ; 
discussion; esf. the discussion of questions of 
public interest in Parliament or in any assembly. 

1303 Gower Conf. 111.348 Tho was betwene my prest and 
me Debate and t perplexete. a1450 Ant, de la Tour 
(1868) 21 He is of highe wordes..wherfor y praie you. .that 
ee no debate with hym. 1548 Hatt Chron, 188b, 
Wherefore the Commons after long debate, determined to 
Send the speaker of the Parliament to the kinges highness. 
156 T. Norton Calvin's Just. tv. 56 If there happen debate 
about any doctrine. 1640 in Rushw. Hist. Co/d. (1692) ut. 
I. 58 Thursday next is appointed for the Debate of the New 


‘Canons. 1727 Swirt Gulliver ui. iii. 119 After much debate, 


they concluded unanimously that [etc.]. 1774 J. Bryant 
Mythol. 11. 431 Sor-Apis had another meaning: and this 


DEBATE. 


was the term in debate. 1855 Macauay Hist. Eng. 1V.155 
An account .. which gives a very high notion of his talents 
for debate. 1883 Gitmour Mongols xvii. 207 Difficulties .. 
welcomed rather as subjects for debate. . 

b. (with @ and f/.) A controversy or discussion; 
spec. a formal discussion of some questign of public 
interest in a legislative or other assembly. 

c1ge0 Three Kings Sons 95 Thise debates that were made, 
of good wille, and by noon hate. 1648 Dk. Hamitton 
in H. Pafers (Camden) 245, I shall not trouble your Lo. 
now with the debats. 1709 SrerLe Z2tler No. 17 P1 
A full Debate upon Publick Affairs in the Senate. 1880 
M:Cartuy Own Times IV. |xii. 391 The debate, which 
lasted four nights, was brilliant and impassioned. 

+3. Fighting for any one, defence, aid, protection. 
Sc. Obs. rare. (Cf. DEBATE v. 3.) 

1581 Sat. Poems Reform. xiiii. 61 Quha findis hir [Dame 
Fortune's] freindship of fauour hes aneuch.. How far may 
Darius bragge of her debait ! 

+ Deba‘te, 54.2 Obs. [f. DeBatE v.2]  Lower- 
ing ; depreciation ; degradation. 

c1460 Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame 456 in Pol. Rel. & L. 
Poems 67 Yf a lady doo soo grete outrage to shewe pyte, 
and cause hir owen debate. 

Debate (dtbét), v1 Also 4 debat, 6-7 Sc. 
debait. [a. OF. debat-re, in Pr. desbatre, debatre, 
Sp. debatir, Pg. debater, It. dibattere, f. Romanic 
batt-cre to fight (see ABATE, ComBAT), with L. 
de-, occasionally replaced in Rom. by des-; the 
sense is rather from L. dés-: cf. discuss, dispute.) 

+1. zntr. To fight, contend, striye, quarrel, 
wrangle. Ods. 

€1340 Cursor M. 5913 (Trin.) For he wol pus debate on 
me I shal him drenche in be see. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sir 
Thopas 157 His cote-armour .. In which he wold debate. 
1490 Caxton //ow to Die 9, I wyll not debate ne stryue 
ayenst the, 1530 PatsGr. 508/1, I debate, I stryve..I wyll 
nat debate with you for so small a mater. 1590 SpeNSER 
fF. Q.u. i. 6 Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. 
1665 Mantey Grotinus’ Low C. Warres 592 The Spanish 
General .. together with his Officers, debate of the right 
thereof against all force. 

Sig. 1393 Gower Conf. I]. 300 What shame it is to ben 
unkinde, Ayein the which reson debateth. c1600 SHAks. 
Sonn. xv, Wastefull time debateth with decay To change 
your day of youth to sullied night. 

2. dvans. To contest, dispute; to contend or fight 
for; to carry on (a fight or quarrel). Ods. or arch. 

€1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxiii. 79, 1 haue debated p® 
quarelle ayenst the god of loue. 1597 T. Bearp Theatre 

Gods Fudg. (1612) 486 As though they would debate a 
privat quarrell before his presence. 1697 Drypen A@neid 
(L.), They see the boys and Latian youth Went The martial 
prizes on the dusty plain. 1813 Scotr Rokedy 1. xvi, In 
many a well debated field. 1838 Prescott Ferd. § /s. (1846) 
I. Introd. 11 The cause of religion was debated with the 
same ardour in Spain, as on the plains of Palestine. 

+3. To fight for, defend, protect; also adsol. 
for reff.) to defend oneself. Sc. Obs. 

1500-20 Dunbar ovis xxi. 32 Is non so armit in-to plait 
That can fra truble him debait. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. 
Scot. (1821) I. 46 The residew .. fled to the montanis; and 
debaitit thair miserabill liffis.. with scars and hard fude. 
/bid, 1. 60 Exercit in swift running and wersling, to make 
thaim the more abill to debait his realme. a@ 1605 Mont- 
GomERIE Devotional Poems vi. 64 Vhen prayers, almes- 
deids, and tearis..Sall mair availl than jaks and spearis, 
For to debait thee. @1605 Potwart Flyting w. Mont- 
gomerie 745 Now debate, if thou dow. 

4. To dispute about, argue, discuss ; esg. to dis- 
cuss a question of public interest in a legislative 
or other assembly. (With simple obj. or obj. clause. 

¢ 1340 [see 5]. @1439 in Warkworth’s Chron. (Camden) 
Notes 60 The wyche comyns, after the mater debatet .. 
grawntyt and assentyt to the forseyd premisses. 1489 
Caxton Blauchardyn xxviii. 103 This matere.. they sore 
debatyd emonge them self by many & dyuerse oppynyons. 

1550 CrowLey /xform. § Petit. 2 Most weyghty mattiers 
..to be debated..in this present Parliament. 1590 SHaks. 
Com. Err, u1. i. 67 In debating which was best, wee shall 
part with neither. 1653 Watton Axgler ii. 42 The ques- 
tion has been debated among many great Clerks, 1782 
PriestLey Corrupt. Chr. 1. 1v. 392 It was debated in the 
Greek Church. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 7. 533 The 
Lords debated nothing but proposals of peace. 

b. zxtr. To engage in discussion or argument ; 
esp. in a public assembly. Const. zpon, on, * of 

1530 Patscr. 508/1 They have debated upon this mater 
these fiftene dayes. 1548 [see Desatinc v6Z. sd.]. 1591 
Suaxs. 1 Hen. V/, v.i. 35 Your seuerall suites Haue bin 
consider’d and debated on. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. v. iii. 
§ 60 To grant or deny them [Convocations] Commission to 
debate of Religion. 1828 D’Israevi Chas. J, I. xi. 307 The 
Commons..debated in an open committee on certain parts 
of these speeches. 1835 W. IRvING Tour Prairies 183 
Beatte..came up while we were debating. 

5. trans. To discuss or consider (wth oneself 
or in one’s own mind), deliberate upon. 

Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 2179 Debetande with hym-self, 
quat hit be my3t.. 1530 Pavscr. 508/r, I wyll debate this 
mater with my selfe, and take counsayle of my pylowe. 
¢1530 H. Ruoves Bk. Nurture 570 in Babees Bh. (1868) 58 
Be not hasty, aunswere to giue before thou it debate. 1623 
Conway in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. III. 155 These tender con- 
siderations... his Majestie debated some dayes. - 1859 TEN- 
nyson Enid 1215 Enid..Debating his command of silence 
given. .Held commune with herself. 

b. intr. To deliberate, consider (with oneself). 

1593 [see Desatine v6/, sé.]. 1599 SHaxs. Hen. V,1v. i. 31, 
I and my Bosome must debate awhile. 165: Hossrs 
Leviath, 11. xxix. 168 From this false doctrine, men are dis- 
posed to debate with themselves, [etc.]. 1733 Swirt Poevis, 


DEBATE. 


On Poetry, A founder’d horse will oft debate Before he 
tries a five-barr’ 


bating = in 
ae = on, in. = ‘ 

D’Urrey Butler's Ghost 149 What cursed Case is 
now debating? 1788 Mrs. Hucues Henry & Lsab, 1. 86 
This subject was still earnestly ae 

+ Debate, v.2 Obs. [app. £. De- I. 1, 3 + 
Bate, aphetic f. ABATE.] : 

1. “vans. To abate; to beat down, bring down, 
lower, reduce, lessen, diminish. _ 

c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4727 Pai -. prayed for par- 
doune of pat attaynt, Pair mysdede to debate. 1513 Doucias 
Aineis xm. iii. 35 Thir Rutilianys. .Gan at command debait 
thar voce and ceis. ¢1§37 V/ersites in Hazl. ae L 
414, I will debate anon. .thy bragging cheer. 156 J. Ras- 
TELL Confut. Fewell’s Serm. 56 That body, w ich was.. 
with fast debated. 

b. To depreciate, decry ; =DEBASE 2. 

1598 Grenewey Zacitus’ Ann. v1. viii. (1622) 134 The 
Parthian put his souldiers in mind of. .the renowned nobility 
of the Arsacides : and..debated Hiberius as ignoble. 

e. To subtract, take away. (adsol. in quot.) 

1658 A. Fox Wurts’ Surg. u.i. 48 To debate from the 
one, and to add to the other. 

2. intr. To abate, fall off, grow less. 

a 1400-50 lexander 2506 (Dubl. MS.) Pe more I meng 
our maieste be more it debates. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Sur- 
tees) 2548 Pe werkenes of hir sekenes with in Began to 
debate and blyn. 1586 W. Wesse Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 94 
Artes..when they are at the full perfection, doo debate and 
decrease againe. 1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. 113 The 
strength of the symptoms being debated. 

Debateable: see DEBATABLE. 


+Deba‘teful, 2. Os. [See -FuL.] 

1. Of persons: Full of strife, contentious. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. 279 b/s Men 
full of noyse & debatefull. 1557 Pavnet Barclays Fugurth 
Biij, Sowers of dyscord and debatful. 16xx Cotcr., Lzti- 
gienx..litigious, debatefull, contentious. 

2. Of things: a. Pertaining to strife or conten- 
tion; b. Controversial, contentious. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 412 Her conscience .. stil 
nourishing this debateful fire. 1587 FLeminc Contn. Holin- 
shed I11. 1320/2 In the triall of this debatefull question. 

Hence + Deba‘tefully adv. 

1611 Cotcr., Contenticusement, contentiously..debate- 


fully, with much wrangling. 

+Debatement!. Os. [a. OF. debatement 
(later debattement), f. debat-re + -MENT.] 

1. The action of debating ; debate, controversy, 
discussion, deliberation. 

1536 Articles about Relig. Pref. 16 Our bishops .. 
sembled .. for the full debatement and quiet determination 
ofthe same. 1 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 11 The 
matter requireth long debatement. 1602 SHaks. /am. \. 
ii. 45 Without debatement further. 1641 Micton Reforv.1. 
(1851) 5 A serious question and debatement with my selfe. 

2. Contention, strife. rare—'. 

1590 SPENSER /'.Q. 11. vi. 39 He with Pyrochles sharp 
debatement made. - 

+Deba‘tement *. Ods. rare—'. 
v.24+-MENT.] =ABATEMENT. 

c1sso Bate KX. Yohan (Camden) 75 Sir, disconfort not, 
for God hath sent debatementes..From thys heavye yoke 
delyverynge yow. : 

Debater (d/bé'tax). In 5 -our. [a. AF. de- 
batour = OF. debateor, -eur, agent-n. f. debat-re to 
DEBATE v.!: see -ER 2 3.] 

+1. One who contends or strives ; a quarrelsome 


or contentious person. Ods. 

Ea Wyciir Rom. i. 30 Detractouris, hateful to God, 
debateris, proude. 1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowle 1. xxxv. (1483) 
8 LP age and debatours. c1440 Capcrave Life St. 
Rat 1. 1519 A fals traytour. .debater and robbour. 

2. One who takes part in debate or public dis- 
cussion ; a disputant, controversialist. Often, one 
skilled in debate, an able disputant. 

1593 Suaxs. Lucr. 1019 Debate where leisure serves with 
dull debaters. @ 1773 CuesterFiEtp (T.), It is only know- 
ledge and experience that can make a debater. 1823 Byron 
Yuan xi. xx, The Lord Henry was a great debater, So 
that few members kept the house up later. 1848 Macav- 
tay Hist. Eng. 11. 611 Their debates lasted three days.. 
Sir Patrick Hume was one of the debaters. 1887 Westv. 
Rev. June 277 Mr. C. is a debater. 

(dibéitin), vb. sb, [-1NG1.] The 
action of DEBATE vb.1; discussion ; deliberation. 

1548 Haut Chren. 110 After long debatyng, the Commons 


[f. DeBaTE 


concluded to graunte .ii.s. of the pound. — 1593 SHaks. 
Lucr. 274 Then childish feare auaunt, debating die. 1732 
Berxeey Adiphr. wv. § 2 The end of debating is to per- 
suade. 1 . Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. Il. 71 After 
a t deal of debating a resolution was passed. 

. attrid., as in debating society, a society 
whose members meet for tice in debating. 


x Athen. Lett. (1792) I. 18, I find myself in such 
a debating humour, that you must indulge me. 1792 Gentil. 
Mag.LX ings. . with respect toa debating- 

ety at the house formerly the King’s Arms tavern, in 

Cornhill. 1808 Med. Frni. XIX. 445 To answer at Baa 

attack on Vaccination, in Newspapers or in Debating Socie- 

ties. 1857 Buckie Crviliz. 1. vii. 394 In the middle of the 

18th century debating societies sprun y- yen trades- 
4 


L146 


men. 1 Mercury 24 June new Govern- 
ment will be..weak in debating power. 
Debating, 7//. «. "Linc 2,] That debates : 


see DEBATE 2, 


78 


17oz Rowe Tameri. 1. ii. 665 Debating Senates. 1749 
Deity, A Poem 30 As just the structure, and as wise the 
plan, As in the lord of all—debating man! 

Hence Debatingly adv. vare—°. 

1847 in Craic. 

+ Debative, «. Obs. rare. [f. Debate v.1 + 
-Ive. Cf. OF. debatif (14th c. in Godef.).] Re- 
— to, or of the nature of, debate or discussion. 

G. W[oopcocke] tr. /vstine 25 b, They were driuen 
into a debatiue meditation. Futter Answ. Ferne 14 
If this decisive faculty, after the debative had passed upon 
the sence of the Law, were not some where resident in 
the Government. 


+ Deba‘tous, @. Obs. rare. 
sb.+-ous. (Possibly in AF.)] 
tentious. 

Cath. Angl. 92 Debatouse, contensiosus. ¢1§20 
Treat. Galaunt (1860) 14 Aduenture and angre ben aye so 


debatous. a 

Debauch (dibotf), v. Forms: 6- debauch; 
6-7 (9 Sc.) debosh, 7 debaush, debausch, de- 
bosche, 7-8 deboash, g Sc. debush. [Aa. (¢ 1600) 
F. débauch-er, in OF. desbaucher (13-14th c.) to 
entice away from the service of one’s master, 
seduce from duty, etc. Of obscure derivation. 
‘The original pronunciation a‘ter modern F., and 
its gradual change, are seen in the spellings dedosh, 
debaush, deboach, debauch riming in 1682 with 
approach: see the sb. See also DEBOISE. 

F. débaucher is, according to Littré and Hatzfeld, derived 
from a sb. bauche, of which the precise sense and origin 
are according to the latter unknown ; according to the former 
it = ‘a place of work, workshop’, so that desbaucher would 
mean orig. ‘to draw away from the workshop, from one’s 
work or duty’: so Diez. Cotgr. has dauche, ‘course of 
stones or bricks in building’, daucher ‘to chip, hew, or 
square timber, etc. ; also to ranke, order, array, lay euenly’; 
hence desbaucher might primarily mean ‘to disorder, bring 
into disarray or disorder’. ‘The sense ‘drawaway from service 
or duty’ appears however to be the earliest in French, though 
that of ‘corrupt ', had also been developed before the word 
was taken into English.) 

+1. ¢rans. To turn or lead away, entice, seduce, 
from one to whom service or allegiance is due ; 
e.g. soldiers or allies from a leader, a wife or 
children from husband or father, etc. (Usually 
with the connotation ‘lead astray, mislead ’.) 
Rarely with against. Obs. 

ay Six R. WitiiaMms Actions Low C. (1618) 5 (T.) That 
Count Egmont would be deboshed from them by the Spanish 
instruments. 1614 Lopce Seneca 49 Not to have such 
a woman to his wife that was not debauched from her 
husband. 1 G. Hickes in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. IV. 42 
‘Yo debauch the military and gentry. .from their duty to his 
Majesty. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) 1. 80 He 
who had the Address to debauch away Helen from her 
Husband. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 72 Money debauches 
children against their parents. 12712 Arsutunot John Bull 
1. i, He had hardly put up his sign, when he began to 
debauch my best customers from me. 754 Hume Hist, 
Eng. 1. xvi. 211 He debauched prince John from his allegi- 
ance. 1765 Gotpsm. Ess. Taste Wks. (Globe) 315/2 Thus 
debauched from nature, how can we relish her genuine pro- 
ductions ? : 

+b. To entice, seduce, or gain over /o a party 
or course of action, or fo do athing. Ods. 

1667 Perys Diary 3 July, Two young men whom one of 
them debauched by degrees to steal their fathers’ plate and 
clothes. 1694 Col. Kec. Pennsylv. 1. 459 The five Indian 
nations wer now debauched to the french interest. 
Gotpsm. Ess. Taste Wks. (Globe) 313/2 Hence the yout! 
of both sexes are debauched to diversion. 1 URKE 
Regic. Peace iv. Wks. UX. 100 Their amity is to debauch us 
to their principles. : 

+e. (Without const.) To seduce from allegiance 
or duty, induce to desert; to render disaffected ; 
to pervert or corrupt in regard of allegiance or 
duty to others. Oés. (exc. as merged in the more 
general sense of 2.) 

1623 Favine Theat. Hon. 1. iv. 25 To debosh and corrupt 
the subiects. 1651 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1. 285 Mr. John 
Cosin, son of the Dean, debauched by the priests. 169 
Lurtrett Brief Rel. (1857) I. 204 Persons dispersing 
‘Tyrconnells declarations to debauch our soldiers. 1712 
Arsutunot Yokn Bull wm. App. i, If a servant ran away, 

ack had debauched him. 1741 Mipvteton Cicero I. 1.126 

is army .. debauched by his factious officers. 1807 Pixe 
Sources Mississ, u. App. 51 The Spaniards were making 
such great exertions to debauch the minds of our heh 
3818 Jas. Mit Brit. /ndia 1, m. iv. 584 To betray t i 
master debauch his army. ; 

To seduce from virtue or morality; to per- 
vert, deprave, or corrupt morally; esf. to corrupt 
or deprave by intemperance, or sensual indulgence. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne (1613) 536 (T.) Young men, such 
as I imagine to be least de ed and corrupted by ill 
examples. x61r Corcr., Desbaucher, to debosh .. seduce, 

mislead ; make lewd, a disorder, draw from goodnesse. 
a 3664 J: Gooown, Fille 2. the Spirit (1867) 40 Though 
Paul been a grievous sinner. .yet he had not debauched 
in commana au doe QV), To tte 
intemperance an tish sensuality. x7x8 ec. 
Pouunmn Ill. {7 ‘The ng men “ed been lately so 
aged debaucht with Rum. 1745 Frecoinc True Patriot 
ks. 1775 1X. 311 For fear of enervating their minds and 
de their morals. 1816 di Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. Fa 
133 If a father debauches his children, is his family likely 
to be noted for subordination and respectability? 1849 
Lyrron Devereux U. " Their humour debauches the whole 
moral system. | Froupe Cesar xii. 163 The seat of 
justice has been publicly debauched. 


f. debat, DEBATE 
eon day con- | 


DEBAUCH. 


b. To seduce (a woman) from chastity. 
brn rnp to 1: see quots. 1614, 1697 there; but 
a i ~ d with —— ‘ a 
1711 STEELE = (0. 151 PE ‘ellow .. 
who would .. your Sister, or lie with your Wife. 
1791 Boswett Yoknson 20 Mar. an. 1776, An abandoned 
profligate oa | think that it is not wrong to debauch my 
wife. 1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1039 
A com in ee for debauching his daughter. 
ames Forest Di s L iii, Debauching a country 
. Lo deprave, vitiate (the taste, senses, j 
ment, etc.). 
(In first quot. perhaps= i . of rc.) 
yeas pes Pata ae ~ ae er wie debauch'd her 
udgment and her Eyes. VELYN Sylva 8 
Acorns were beconedeon: the food of Men. .till {hear a. Pa 
palats were debauched. 1686 Pior Staffordsh. 151 Most 
other animals are nicer in their Senses (having no way 


| debauch’t them) than Mankind is. 1710 BerKketey Princ. 


Hum. Knowl, § 123 A mind not yet debauched by learning. 
1794 Gopwin Cal. Williams 51 Having never been de- 
Sor ag 1Ot Wak Ser uae 4 ems wee vor 
tions. 4 + 379 .w under- 
standing has not bt debauc! St semmmemeted pre- 
judice. 1816 Scorr Antiz. xiii, They debauch the spirit of 
the ignorant and credulous with mystical trash. 

+4. To vilify, damage in reputation; to depre- 
ciate, disparage. Obs. 

r6or Suaxs. Ad/’s Well y. iii. 206 He’s quoted for a most 
perfidious slaue, With all the spots a’ th’ world taxt and 
debosh'd. x Heywoop 2nd Pt. [ron Age w. Wks. 1874 
ILI. 396 Whil’st Cethus like a forlorne shadowe walkes 
Dispis'd, disgrac’t, neglected, and debosht. ay Ossorn 
Misc., Pref. ( 1679) Qq ij b, It is contrary to my own Aphorism 
° debosh what I present, by saying it was writ before I was 

wenty. 

+b. To damage or spoil in quality. Ods. (Cf. 
DEBOIST 2.) 

By True Trojans w. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley X11. 512 Last 
year his barks and galleys were debosh'd; is year they 
sprout again. — 

+ 5. To dissipate, spend prodigally, squander. 

1632 [see Desoise v.]. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 
419 To..give them in rent more thousands (to debosh and 
mispend) nor honest men hes hundreds. 1649 Lp. Foorv in 
M. P. Brown Sat Decis. (1826) 399 Since her husband 
had debausched all, and left nothing to her. 

6. intr. (formerly ref.) To indulge to excess in 
sensual enjoyment, esf. that of eating and drinking ; 
toriot, revel. ? Ods. 

1644 Evetyn Ment. (1857) 1. 73 Which causes the English 
to make no long sojourn here, except such as can fink 
and debauch. 1687 Montacue & Prior Hind & P. Transv. 
Aiv, "Tis hard to conceive how any man could censure the 
Turks for Gluttony, a People that debauch in Coffee. 
1689 Minutes Kirk Session in McKay Hist. Kilmarnock 
(1880) 10 Such as they find drinking there, or in any way 
deboshing. Savace Lett, Antients cvii. 269 More 
oroper for you, than to debauch with Sicilian Wine. 17% 

D’'Urrey Pills (1872) I. 355 We, to grow hot, pti 4 
ourselves in Beef. 1732 Law Serious C. xiii. (1761) 203 That 
he neither drank, nor debauched ; but was sober and 
in his business. 1825 Jamieson, 70 debosh, to aecens 
self in the use of any thing to excess; as tea, snuff, &c. 

Sig. 1742 Younc Nt. Th. viii. 557 Hatred her brothel has, 
as well as love, Where horrid epicures debauch in 

Hence Debauc’hing vi, sb. and ppl. a. 

ry | Mitton Tetrachordon 1, (1851) 217 A most ligent 
and debaushing tutor. 1660 — Free Commw. 428 
debauching of our prime Gentry both Male and Female. 
1662 Petty 7axes & Contrib. 48 If we should think it 
hard to giue good y cloth for debauching wines. 

Debauch (arbpt)), sb. (Also 7 deboach.) 
[a. F. débauche, f. débaucher to Depaucu. For 
the phonology, etc., see the verb.] 

I. 1. A bout of excessive indulgence in sensual 
pleasures, esp. those of eating and drinking. 

1603 FLorio Seminigne 488 My debauches or excesses 
transport me not much. 1661 Prrys hee, 3 oe yi 
head akeing all day from last night's deba N. O. 
Boileau's Lutrin 1. 203 Snoring after late Debauches, 
Nor dream'st what mischief now thy Head approaches. 
1737 L. Crarke /fist. Bible (1740) 11. xu. 714 Extravagant 
- oo debauches, 1839-40 W. eae Wolfert’s R. 
1855) 125 The dissol pani deb 1874 

REEN S) Hist. iii. § 3. 126 The fever. .was inflamed by 
a gluttonous debauch. 


. The practice or-habit of such indulgence ; de- 
bauchery. 


1673 Dxvpen Marr. a la Mode ww. i, Masquerade is 
Vizor-mask in debauch. 1699 — Ef. to ¥. D. m 73 The 
first physicians by debauch were made. PER 7% 

iv. 470 A whiff stale debauch, forth-issuing from the 
styes That law has licensed. 1874 Bracxte Se//Cudt. 
74 All debauch is incipient suicide. 

. transf. 


dauché, through the 
168t Gianvitn Si 

charge against these quibbli 

Towr . Deer Pits (yo iv gig When De- 

wn, . 

benches TF both we From Prey tg ee 
+ Debau'ch, debaush, @. Ods. .ad. F. 

débauché, with -e mute, or ?corruption of debaucht.) 
=DeBAvcHED. (Cf. DEBAUCHNESS.) j 


DEBAUCHABLE. 


1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle v. 1758 Mock them as despisde 
And debaush creatures. a 3 
Debauchable (d#b9'tfab’l), a. [-anie.] That 


can be debauched. 

1865 Mitt in Morn. Star 6 July, To spend 10,000/, in 
corrupting and debauching the constituents who are de- 
bauchable and corruptible. 


Debauched (d/b$'t{t), 247. a. [f. DeBpaucn v., 
or immed. after F.débauché, with native ending -ED.] 
Seduced or corrupted from duty or virtue; depraved 
or corrupt in morals; given up to sensual pleasures 
or loose living; dissolute, licentious. 

1598 FLorio Suéato..Also an vnthriftie, careles, debaucht 
or mislead man. 1624 Carr. Situ Virginia iv. 167 To 
rectifie a common-wealth with debaushed people is impos- 
sible. 1647 R. Stapytton ¥uvenal 18 Whose debauchter 
face and miene disclose His mind’s diseases. 1653 Hot- 
crort Procopius 1. 4 He.. made love to other mens wives, 
and was extreamly debaucht. | 1790 Pennant London (1813) 
259 Bartholomew-fair. . becoming the resort of the debauched 
of all denominations. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Prerre’s 
Stud. Nat. (1799) 11. 495 The money of strangers dis- 
appears, but their debauched morals remain, 1864 Kincs- 
LEY Rom. §& Tent. ii. (1875) 46 Decrepit and debauched 
slave-nations. 


Debau'chedly, ev. [-1v2.] In a debauched 


manner. 

1644 Bre. Hatt Rew. Whs. (1660) 133 If I see a man live 
debauchedly in drunkennesse [etc.]. 1663 CowLry Of 
Liberty, To live..desperately with the bold, and debauch- 
edly with the luxurious. 

Debau‘chedness. [-NESS.] The state or 
quality of being debauched. 

1618 Mynsuut /'ss. Prison 29 By being giuen to drunken- 
nes or whoring ..or by any other debauchednes. 1660 
H. More Myst. Godl. m1. xi. 79 Cybele, mater Deorum, 
the celebration of whose Rites had so much villany and 
debauchedness in it. 1837 New Monthly Mag. XLIX. 
168 Strange pranks of humorous debauchedness. 

Debauchee (debo7). Also 7 deboichee, 8 
deboshee ; also debauché(e. 
debauched (person), sb. use of pa. pple. of a- 
baucher to Desaucn. In 17th and 18th c. also de- 
boichee, deboshee: cf. DEBOISE, DEBOSHED.] 

One who is addicted to vicious indulgence in sen- 
sual pleasures. 

a@x1661 Hotypay FYuvenal 81 Cicero, describing the de- 
bauchées [fv inted -oes] of his time, says they were v7v0 
languidi, 1665 Perys Diary 23 July, If he knew his son 
to be a debauchee (as many and most are now-a-dayes 
about the Court). 1677 B. Riverey un. Serum. Bp. of 
Norwich 14 A great Deboichee. 1741 tr. D’ Argens' Chinese 
Lett. xxxiii, Perhaps if the People could be Deboshees 
and Gluttons with Impunity, they would not be more sober 
there than in Europe. 1751 Jonnson Rambler No. 174? 9, 
I never betrayed an heir to gamesters, or a girl to de- 
bauchees, 1882 Farrar arly Chr. 1. 67 No man is more 
systematically heartless than a corrupted debauchee. 

b. attrib. 

1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 262 A debauchee 
physician. 1862 Sat. Rev. 15 Mar. 305 A debauchee peer, 

Debaucher (dibdtfo1). [f. DeBavcH v. + 
-rr1,] One who debauches; a corrupter or se- 
ducer. 

1614 B. Jonson Barth, Fair v. vi, Thou strong debaucher 
and seducer of youth. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals. 11. 47 
A continual Swearer and Debaucher. 1727 BLackwaLL 
Sacred Classics 1. 399 (Lf.) Insidious underminers of chas- 
tity, and debauchers of sound principles. 1828 Scotr /. MW. 
Perth xx, Destroyers of men, and debauchers of women. 


Debauchery (dib9'tfari). Also 7 debaushery, 
deboshery, deboichery. [f. as prec. +-ERY.] 

1. Vicious indulgence in sensual pleasures. 

1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. (1851) 309 What with truanting 
and debaushery. 1647 R. Stapytton ¥uvenal 146 Those 
that excuse youth’s deboichery. c 1665 Mrs. Hurcuinson 
Mem. Col. Hutchinson (R.), The nobility and courtiers, who 
did not quite abandon their debosheries. 1727 De For 
Syst. Magic 1. i. (1840) 13 Noah himself .. fell into the de- 
baucheries of wine. 1838 TurrtwaLt Greece IV. 109 Un- 
worthy favourites, the companions of his debaucheries. 
184x Etpninstone Hist. Jud. II. 155 He was... fond of 
coarse debauchery and low society. 

+2. Seduction from duty, integrity, or virtue ; 
corruption. Ods. 

1733 STEELE Guardian No. 17 » 8 To contrive the de- 
bauchery of your child. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 189 
? 6 There are men that boast of debaucheries of which they 
never had address to be guilty. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 78 The 
republick of Paris will endeavour to compleat the debauchery 
ofthe army. 1863 H. Cox /ustit. 1. viii. 99 In no case was 
an election questioned on account of ¢veating, or, as it was 
then called, debauchery at elections. 

Debauchment ieee nent). 2Obs. Also 7 
-baush-, -bosh-. [a. F. débauchement (in Cotgr. 
des-), £. débaucher to DEBAUCH : see -MENT.] 

1. The action or fact of debauching or corrupting; 
seduction from duty or virtue. 

1606 DanteL Queen's Arcadia 1. iv, These strange de- 
baushments of our nymphes, 16x1 Corcr., Desbauchement, 
adeboshement. 1625 W. B. Trwe School War 64 He first 
outraged them by the debauch of their Cc Hors 
and subiects. 1685 Soutn Sevvz. (1843) IL. xvii. 282 A cor- 
ruption and debauch of men’s 

2. Debauched condition; debauchery; a de- 
bauch. 

1628 Br. Hatt Quo Vadis? § 10 They are growne to that 
height of debauchment as to hold learning a shame to 
nobility. Earte Microcosm., Honest Fellow (Arb.) 
toz A good dull vicious fellow, that complyes well with 


[a. F. abauché | 


“2 


the deboshments of the time. 1658 CLEVELAND J ustic 
Rampant Wks. (1687) 506 There is a Proneness in unruly 
Man to run into Debauchments. 

+Debau‘chness. Ol. rave. [f. DeBaucn a. 
+ -NESS, or corruption of debauchedness.] De- 
bauchedness. 

1640 Quartes Enchirid. w. xcix, Let him avoyd De- 
bauchnesse. 1650 Arnway Alarm 115 (T.) Their throats 
to drunkenness, gluttony, and debauchness. | 1639 GAUDEN 
Tears of Church 390 Occasioned, yea necessitated, by their 
own debauchnesse and distempers. 

+ Debaurd. Oés. [properly debord, a. F. débord, 
Cf. DEBorp v.] Departure from the right way ; 
excess. 

1671 Annanp Myst. Pietatis 118 (Jam.) Which verily is 
the ground of all our sinful debaurds. 

Debayre, Debefe: see DEBAREa., LANGDEBEFE. 

+ Debe'l, -ell, v. Obs. [a. F. débell-er (Oresme, 
14th c.), ad. L. debel/are to subdue in fight, f. dé- 
down + bellare to war.] trans. To put down in 
fight, subdue, vanquish ; to expel by force of arms. 
Hence + Debelling v/. sd. 

1555 App. Parker /s. cviii. 320 He our foes shall sone 
debell. a1564 Brecon Pleas. New Nosegay Early Wks. 
(1843) 201 Humility .. debelleth and valiantly overcometh 
the enemy of all grace. 1586 Warner Add. Eng. u. viii, 
Spanish Cacus..Whom Hercules from out his Realme de- 
belled at the length. 1651 Hower Venrce 42 ‘This..made 
him more illustrious than by debelling of Afric. 1671 
Mitton P. 2. 1v. 604 Him long of old Thou didst debel, 
and down from Heay’n cast. 1825 Hocc Queene Hynde 202. 

+ Debe‘llate, v. Ods. [f. L. débellat-, ppl. 
stem of débellare : see DEBEL and -ATE.] = DEBEL, 
Hence + Debellating v0/. sd. 

161r Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. 138 Though in two or 
three battles inferior, yet not to haue beene clearely debel- 
lated. ax1626 Bacon Holy War \J.), The extirpating and 
debellating of giants, monsters, and foreign tyrants, 

+ Debella‘tion. O¢s. [n. of action f. L. d- 
bellare: see prec. and -aTIoN.] The action of 
vanquishing or reducing by force of arms; con- 
quest, subjugation. 

1526 St. Papers Hen, VIII, 1, 180 The debellacion of the 
Thurkes, enemyes of Christes feith. 1533 More (¢7¢/e), ‘The 
Debellacyon of Salem and Bizance. 1627-77. FettHAm 
Resolves 1. \xxvii. 118 We often let Vice spring, for wanting 
the audacity and courage of a Debellation. 1653 T. Apams 
Serm. Ps. xciv. 19 Wks. (1861) III. 281 An insurrection 
and a debellation; atumult and its appeasement. 1830 
Fraser's Mag. 1. 748 Yhe internecine and flagrant debella- 
tion which I have had with. .Sir James Scarlett. 

+ Debe'llative, z. Obs. vare—'. [f. as prec. 
+-IVE.] Tending to overthrow or reduce by war. 
(In quot. ‘ (mutually) destructive ’.) 

165r Biccs New Disp. P 199 Warres of debellative con- 
traries. 

+ Debella‘tor. Obs. rare—'. [a. L. debellitor, 
agent-n. f. devel/are.]_ A subduer, vanquisher. 

1713 Swirt Char. of Steele Wks. 1814 VI. 216 (Stanf.) 
Behe d..the terror of politicians! and the debellator of 


news-writers | 

+ Debe'llish, v. Ods. rare. [f. DE- I. 6 + 
-bellish in EMBELLISH: cf. BELLISH v.] ¢ranzs. To 
rob of beauty, disfigure. 

1610 G, FLeTcuEr Christ’s Vict. (1632) 59 What blast 
hath thus his flowers debellished ? 

De bene esse: see DE 1. 

Debenture (débe‘ntiiiz). Also 5-7 debentur, 
6-7 debenter. [In early use debentur, stated by 
Briount in 17th c. to be the L. word debentur ‘there 
are due or owing’, supposed to have been the 
initial word of formal certificates of indebtedness. 
This is, from the early use of the term, probable ; 
though no actual examples of documents contain- 
ing the Latin formula have been found.] 

1. A certificate or voucher certifying that a sum 
of money is owing to the person designated in it ; 
a certificate of indebtedness. 

a. A voucher given in the Royal household, the 
Exchequer or other Government office, certifying 
to the recipient the sum due to him for goods sup- 
plied, services rendered, salary, etc., and serving as 
his authority in claiming payment. A principal 
application of the word during the 17th and 18th 
centuries was to the vouchers given by the Ordnance 
Office in payment of stores. 

¢1455 in Paston Lett. No, 264 1. 364 Owyng to the seyd 
Fastolf for costys and chargys that he bare when he was 
Lieutenant of the towne of Harflew in Normandie [1415], 
as yt shewith by a debentur made to the seyd Fastolf, 
with hym remaynyng .. Cxxxiij/. vjs. viijd. Idid. 366 
Certeyn debentur conteynyng the seyd sommes. 1469 
Mann. & Househ. Exp. 537 Item, my master hath de- 
lyvered 1j. debentures in the name of Norres, one of viij. 
marces fore fyshe, and nodere of vij. marces. a 1483 Liber 
i 3 in Househ. Ord. 66 That none other person make 
suche debentures or bylles but the Clerkes of the self 
offyce, so that theyre wryting and hand may be certaynly 
knowne to them that pay in the countyng house. 1526 
Ibid. 236 The clerke of the office [Accatrie] shall make out 
debentures to the parties of whom such provision is made. . 
which he shall present into the Compting-house within two 
dayes after. 1567 R. Epwarps Damon § P. in Hazl. 
Dodsley 1V. 78 Let us rifle him so..And steal away his 
debenters [for coal delivered to the king’s kitchen] too. 
1666 W. Fie.pine PefZit. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comme. 
App. v. 6 Before he gives debentures unto your petitioner 


DEBENTURE, 


for what creation-mony fell due unto your petitioner's said 
father. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1689/4 ‘I'wo Debenters were 
lost .. One for Nine Months .. for the Sum of 372. 10s. 
‘The other for Six Months. .for 257. 1697 Act 8-9 Will. I1/, 
c. 27 (For better observation of ancient course of the Ex- 
chequer) No ‘Teller .. shall ‘Trust or Depart With such 
Money..without an Order or Debenture for the same. 170% 
Lond. Gaz. No. 3698/4 Lost .. an Irish ‘Transport Deben- 
ture, No. 191, made out the 2oth of August, 1695, to 
Richard Haynes, for the Service of the Ann Ketch. 1708 
J. CHAMBERLAYNE S?¢. Gt. Brit. 1. 1. xii. (1743) 101 The 
chief Clerk [of the Kitchen] keeps all the Records, Ledger 
books, and Debentures for Salaries, and Provisions and 
Necessaries issuing from the Offices of the Pantry, Buttery, 
and Cellar. 1730-6 Battey (folio), Dedentuve [in the Ea- 
cheguer and King’s House), a Writing given to the Servants 
for the Payment of their Wages, etc. 1837 Penny Cycl. 
VIII. 340/2 Debentures..are in use now in the receipt of 
Exchequer and Board of Ordnance, and it is believed in 
the king’s household. i ; 

+b. spec. A voucher certifying to a soldier or 
sailor the audited amount of his arrears for pay: 


see quot. 1674. Ods. 

This was a regular feature of 17th c. army organization; 
such certificates, issued ‘upon the public faith of the king- 
dom’, were given to the Parliamentary Army during the 
Civil War, app. from November 1641 onwards, and similar 
bonds were also given in subsequent reigns; in some cases 
these certificates were secured upon and redeemed in for- 
feited land, esp. in Ireland. 

1645 in Rushw. //7st¢. Cold. w. 1. 17 That particular Com- 
mittee which are appointed to. .take in your Accompts, and 
pay you part of your Arrears at present, and for the rest 
you are to have a Debentur upon the Public Faith of the 
Kingdom. 1647 Thomasson Tracts (Br. Mus.) CCCXIV. 
No. 26. 2 Very sensible .. how tedious ..it is for soldiers 
after disbanding to get their particular accompts audited, 
and debenters for arrears. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 
6 The Debentures of Commission Officers, who serv’d 
eight years till about December 1649, comes to 1,800,000/. 
1674 BLount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Debentur (the third person 
plural of debeor to be due or owing) was by a Rump-act 
of 1649 cap. 43. ordained to be in the nature of a Bond 
or Bill to charge the Common-wealth to pay the Souldier- 
creditor or his Assigns, the sum due upon account for his 
Arrears, 1698 FarquHar Love § Bottle 1. i. 8 The mer- 
ciful bullet, more kind than thy ungrateful country, has 
given thee a Debenture in thy broken leg, from which 
thou canst draw a more plentiful maintenance than I with 
all my limbs in perfection. 1756 Gent. Mag. XXVI. 301 
In Limerick, a county, of which the greater part was..in 
the possession of families whose ancestors were adven- 
turers in the reign of Q. Elizabeth, or had got debentures 
under Oliver Cromwell. 

e. At the Custom-house: A certificate given to 
an exporter of imported goods on which a draw- 
back is allowed, or of home produce on which a 
bounty was granted, certifying that the holder is en- 
titled to the amount therein stated. 

See M. PostLetuwaitr, Dict. Trade §& Commerce 1751 
-66, s.v., for full account, and ‘forms of several kinds of 
debentures’. 

1662 Act 14 Chas. I], c. 11 § 14 The Moneys due upon 
Debentures for such forein Goods exported by Certificate. 
1704 Dict. Rust., Debenture ..as most commonly used 
among Merchants is the allowance of Custom paid inward, 
which a Merchant draws back upon exportation of that 
Commodity, which was formerly imported. 1711 Act 
Anne, c. 23 Any Certificate or Debenture for Drawing bac 
any Customs or Duties. 1763 Gent/. Mag. Apr. 185 Without 
any suspicion of fraud, a debenture was granted, and a 
clearance made to Rotterdam, where a certificate was ob- 
tained for landing so many casks of rice. 1 Whitaker's 
Almanac s.v. Excise, Stamps, & Taxes, Debenture or 
Certificate for drawback, or goods exported, etc., not exceed- 
ing £10..15. 

+d. ¢vansf. Anacknowledgement of indebtedness 


by a corporation, private person, etc. Ods. exc. as 


Pleas. Notes i. iv. 94 An Accessary.. in all the pilferings, 
Hedge-robberies, Debenturs at Inns, and Farrier scores. 

te. fig. Acknowledgement of indebtedness ; 
obligation ; debt. Ods. 

1609 Hrywoop Brit. Troy xvi. ix, His Throne he fils 
Twenty foure yeares, then pays his last Debenter [77e ad- 
uenter] To Nature. 1658 Ossorn Adv. Son (1673) 38 If you 
consider beauty alone, quite discharged from such Debentur’s, 
as she owes to the Arts of Tire-women, Taylers, Shoomakers 
and perhaps Painters. 1694 STEELE Poet. Misc. (1714) 40 
You modern Wits.. Have desperate Debentures on your 
Fame; And little would be left you, I’m afraid, If all your 
debts to Greece and Rome were paid. 

+2. A certificate of a loan made to the government 
for public purposes, a government bond bearing 
annual interest. Ods. 

The first quot. connects this with sense 1}; it refers to 
government debentures given to the inhabitants of Nevis 
and St. Christopher’s to recoup them for losses sustained 
from the invasions of the French. 

1710 Act 9 Aune c. 23 Which Debentures shall be signed 
by the said Commissioners of Trade and Plantations .. and 
shall bear interest for the Principal Sums to be contained, 
after the Rate of Six Pounds per Centum per Annum, 
1756 Nucent Gr. Tour, France 1V. 7 Vast sums are levied 
by raising and lowering the coin at pleasure, by compound- 
ing debentures and government-bills, and by other oppres- 
sive methods. 1810 ‘ PHocion’ Opinions on Public Funds 8 
If legal paper such as state debentures or bills had, in 1790, 
been of ten or fifty times their then magnitude. Jéid. 
| seg me a state debenture or an exchequer bill, 18z1 

‘etenhall’s Course of Exchange 22 Oct., Irish Funds, 


~ 


DEBENTURE. 


Government Debentures, 34 per cent. 1813 Act 53 Geo. I//, 
c. 41 An Act for ting Annuities to satisfy certain Ex- 
chequer Bills, and for raising a Sum of Money by Deben- 
tures for the Service of Great Britain, — 

3. A bond issued by a corporation or company 
(under seal), in which acknowledgement is made 
that the corporation or company is indebted to a 
particular person or to the holder in a specified 
sum of money on which interest is to be paid until 
oe 5 gio of the principal. 

Not occurring in the Companies Clauses Consolidation 
Act of 1845, but used shortly after in connexion with the 
loans raised by Railway Companies and the like, the name 
being evidently taken from sense 2. The term is in general 
use, especially for those bonds by which public companies 
raise money at a fixed rate of interest, with a prior charge 
on the assets of the company or corporation issuing them. 

Mortgage debenture: a debenture the principal of which 
is secured by the pledging of the whole or a part of the 
property of the issuing company. 

1847 East Ind. Railway, Deed of Settlement 9 Apr., 
Debenture, bond, Bill of Exchange, Promissory note, or 
other Security. 1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Debenture.. 
The term has now got to be applied to railway companies’, 
municipal, and other bonds or securities for money loaned. 
1861 Larceny, &c. Act 24-25 Vict. c. 96 § 1 The term.. 
valuable Security shall include .. any Debenture, Deed, 
Bond, Bill, &c. 1863 Fawcetr Pol. Econ. i. xv. 1865 
Mortgage Debenture Act 28-29 Vict.c.78 An Act to enable 
certain Companies to issue Mortgage Debentures founded 
on Securities upon or affecting Land. /é/d. § 26 Every Mort- 
gage Debenture .. issued by the Company shall be a Deed 
under the Common Seal of the Company duly stamped. 
1887 Cuitty in Law Rep. 36 Chanc, Div. 215 The term de- 
benture has not, so far as I am aware, ever received any 
precise legal definition. /é/d. 215 In my opinion a deben- 
ture means a document which either creates a debt or 
acknowledges it, and any document which fulfils either of 
these conditions is a ‘debenture’... It is not either in law or 
pemmnerce a strictly technical term, or what is called a term 
‘of art’. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as + debenture goods, + lands, 
debenture-holders; Aebenture-bond, a bond of 
the nature of a debenture; = DEBENTURE 3; de- 
benture-stock, debentures consolidated into, or 
created in the form of, a stock, the nominal capital 
of which represents a debt of which only the interest 
is secured by a perpetual annuity. 

1736 Br. Witson in Keble Zi/ xxvii. (1863) 903 Shipping 
tobacco and other debenture goods into the running wher- 
ries. 1742 Francis Horace u. vii. (R.), Yet, prithee, where 
are Czsar's bands Allotted their debenture-lands? 186: 
Act 26-7 Vict. c. 118 § 24 The Interest on Debenture Stoc 
shall have Priority of Payment over all Dividends or Interest 
on any Shares or Stock of the Company, whether Ordinary 
or Preference or guaranteed, and shall rank next to the In- 
terest payable on the Mortgages or Bonds for the Time being 
of the Company. 1866 Sfectator 1 Dec. 1331 ‘That faith 
stands already pledged to the existing debenture-holders, 
who lent their money on the security of a legislative Act. 
1870 Daily News 22 Nov., Vice-Chancellor Malins. .in the 
claim of the holders of debenture bonds issued by the Im- 
rial Land Company of Marseilles .. decided that .. the 

nds in question were virtually promissory notes, and 
that the holders were consequently entitled to recover in 
full. 1887 Pall Mall G. 8 June 12/1 It is proposed to 
create £285,000 Six per cent. Debenture stock, or rather 
more than the existing debentures of the company. 1893 
Midl. Rail. Circular Dec. 30 They all benefited .. by con- 
solidation into one uniform 3 per cent. Debenture Stock. 

Debentured (dibe‘ntiiisd), a. [f. prec. + -ED.] 
Furnished with or secured by a debenture. Dedben- 
tured goods: goods on which a custom house de- 
benture for a drawback, etc., is given. 

1805 J. SrerHeN War in Disguise 60(L.) Official clearances 
were given, in which no mention was made that the cargo 
consisted of bonded or debentured goods. 

Deberry, dial. var. of DayBERRy, gooseberry. 

Debet(e, obs. f. Desir; var. DeBitE Obs. 

+ De-beth, v. 3rd pers. sing. Ods. App. an 
adaptation of Latin det owes, oweth. 

ggg Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 423 And so de- 
beth to hym stylle_xx.li. 1532 Croscombe Churchw. Acc. 
Somerset Record Soc.) 40 Iohn Bolle for pewter vessells 

lebeth ix’, /did. 41 Thos. Downe debeth unto the chyrch 
for the rentte for the lamp viii*. : 

Debile (debil), a. Obs. or arch. [a. F. débile 
(14-15th c.), ad. L. débz/-is weak, orig. wanting in 
ability or aptitude, f. dé- (Dr- 1.6) + hadilis, ABLE, 
apt, nimble, expert, etc.] Weak, feeble, suffering 
from debility. 

1536 Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) x? He being so debile, 
so weak, and of so great ane: 1 . M, tr. Gabelhouer’s 
Bk. Physicke 110/1 So debile, and feble of stomacke. 1607 
Suaks. Cor. 1. ix. 48 For that I haue not .. foyl’d some 
debile Wretch. Baxter Key Cath. xliii. 308 Where 
the fact or Proposition from the Light of Nature is more 
debile. 1788 May in Pettigrew Lit of Lettsom (1817) III. 
278 She..was still very restless, and extremely debile. 
etal Med. ¥rni. VIII. 111 Causes, which induce a debile 
frame. 1890 E. Jounson Rise of Christendom 158 In the 
form of a very debile old man of 202 years. 

b. Bot, ‘ Applied to a stem which is too weak 
to support the weight of leaves and flowers in an 
u a ition’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

De ilitant, a. and sé. [a. F. débilitant or 
ad. L. débilitint-em, pr. pple. of deilitdre: see 
DEBILITATE @.] 

A. adj. Debilitating. B. sd. Med. (See quot.) 

1857 Dunciison Dict. Med. sv. Debilitant, Antiphlogis- 
tics are, hence, debilitants. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Debili- 


80 


tants, or means employed to dep the powers 
of the body, such as antimony and low diet. ye 

+ Debi'litate, a. Ols. [ad. L. débilitat-us, 
pa. — of debilitare.] Enfeebled; feeble. - 

1552 Hurokt, Debilitate, or feble, or wythout synnowes, 
eneruis. 1737 H. Bracken Farriery Jmpr. (1757) U1. 41 
Help and strengthen the Part that is debilitate. ; 

Debilitate (d/bitlitet), v. [f. L. dzsilitat-, 
ppl. stem of déilitare to weaken, f. debilis weak.] 
trans. To render weak ; to weaken, enfeeble. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 46a, Immoderate watch 
..doth debilitate the powers animall. 1541 Payne Ca- 
tiline xlv. 71 To debylitate and cutte asunder theyr en- 
deuoir and hope. ax625 Beaum. & Fi. Faithful Friends 
v. ii, If you think His youth or judgment .. Debilitate his 
person..call him home. 1717 Buttock Woman a Riddle 
1. i. 8, I am totally debilitated of all power of elocution. 
1715 Leoni Palladio’s Archit. (1742) I. 57 The Sun shining 
.-would be apt to heat, debilitate, and spoil the Wine or 
other Liquors. 1829 I. Taytor Znthus. ix. 233 Whose 
moral sense had been debilitated. 1871 Narnnys Prev. & 
Cure Dis. 1. i. 45 A feeble constitution, which he further 
debilitated by a dissipated life. 

+b. Astrol. Cf. DepiLity 4b. Ods. 

a 1625 Beaum. & Ft. Bloody Bro. ww. ii, Venus. .is..clear 

debilitated five degrees Beneath her ordinary power. 


Debi'litated, 7//. a. [f. pree.+-Ep1.]_ En- 
feebled ; reduced to debility. 

1611 Cotcr., Dedilité, debilitated, weakened, enfeebled. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. 1. i. 3 Their debilitated 
posterity. 1803 T. Beppors //ygéia ix. 173 Those who 
exact efforts from the debilitated. 184: Brewster Mart. 
Sc. vi. (1856) gt His debilitated frame was exhausted with 
mental labour. | 

Debi'litating, v//. 5. [-1nc1.] _ Enfeeble- 
ment, debilitation. 

1539 Exyor in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 11. 117, I no thing 
gate but the Colike and the Stone, debilitating of Nature. 
1765 Univ. Mag. XX XVII. 237/2 The debilitating of the 
affected part. : 

Debi litating, /// 0. 
tates; weakening, enfeebling. 

1674 R. Goprrey /17. §& Ab. Physic Pref., Their poisonous 
and debilitating Methods. 1805 W. Saunpers Min. Waters 
soo A long and debilitating sickness. 1865 Livincstone 
Zambesi vi. 143 ‘The... debilitating effects of the climate. 

Debilitation (d/bilitét-fan). [a. F. débilita- 
tion, -acton (13th c.), ad. L. débilitation-em, n. of 
action f. deb¢litare to DEBILITATE.] The action of 
debilitating ; debilitated condition ; weakening. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W.de W. 1495) 11. 247 a/2 Some 
sykenes or debylytacyon of his bodye. 1524 St. Papers 
Hen, VIIT, 1V. 93 For..the debilitacion and discomfort of 
thenemye. 1645 Br. Hatt Rem. Discont. 25 How often 
doth sicknesse prevent the debilitations ofage. 1875 Lyeut 
Princ. Geol. 1. 1. ix. 168 The debilitation of the subter- 
ranean forces, 1876 Dovuse Grimm's L. § 10. 19 An ac- 


celerated phonetic debilitation. 
ie L. débilitat-, 


Debilitative (d/biliteitiv), a. 
ppl. stem +-Ive.] Tending to debilitate ; causing 
debilitation. 

1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 37 The deterior- 
ating change in the Body. .is understood of a debilitative.. 
deterioration, 1810 BentHam Packing (1821) 153 The morbid 
and debilitative influence. 1886 Lond. Med. Record 15 Mar. 
131/1 The debilitative effect of these preparations. 

+ Debilite, v. Ovs. [a. F. débilite-r, ad. L. 
debilitare.] = DEBILITATE. 

1483 Caxton Cato B viij, [Drinking] debyliteth and maketh 
feble the vertues of the man. 1489 — Faytes of A. Iv. 
xvii. 279 A man debylyted and nyghe dede. 1545 
Byrth Mankynde 52 Ouer much heate debylitith, w 
and fayntith both the woman and the chyld. 

+ Debi'litude. Ods. rare. [f. L. débili-s weak 

+ sna | Debility, weakness ; also in Astrol. 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 125 From a debilitude 
of the womb. 1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. v. 221 Weaker 
Signs must be debilitudes. 

Debility (d/biliti). Also 5-6 debyli-, debi- 
lyte, -tee, -tye, 6-7 -tie. [a. F. débilité (Oresme, 
14th c.), ad. L. debilitas, f. débili-s weak.] 


AYNOLD 
eakenith, 


. The condition of being weak or feeble; weak- | 


ness, infirmity ; want of strength ; esp. that condi- 
tion of the body in which the vital functions gener- 
ally are feebly discharged. 

1484 Caxton sof v. xii, The grete feblenesse and de- 
bylyte of thy lene body. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vn. 556 For 
his feblenesse or debylyte of age. 1545 Raynotp Byrth 
Mankynde Hh vij, To help the debilite of nature with 
cupping 1 Homilies 11. Idleness (1859) 517 By 
reason of age, debility of body, or want of health. 
Butwer A nthropomet. 105 By reason of the debility of his 
stomack. 1748 Anson's Voy. ut. iv. 331 After full three 
hours ineffectual labour .. the men being quite jaded, we 
were obliged, by mere debility, to desist. 1867 KinGsLey 
Lett. (1878) 11. 260 With the cure of stammering, nervous 
debility decreases. 1879 Hartan Lyesight vi. 89 After 
long illness, the muscle of accommodation shares the de- 
bility of the whole system. 

+b. ess of a material structure. Ods. 

1563-87 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 247/1 Either the de- 
bilitie of the bridge, or subtiltie of is pc bing 3000 of 
them with bridge and all fell armed into the violent 


stream. 
2. Weakness in a mental or moral quality. 
1474 Caxton Chesse 65 For the debylite and fe of 
corage. 1g0a Ord. Crysten Men \W. de W. 1506) Iv. xi. 
17 After the eure of fragylyte humayne. 1758 H. 
atpoLte Catal. Roy. Authors de 9) Il. 219 This Lord 
had much debility of mind, and 2 Kind of su itious 


scruples, 1805 Foster ss, u. iv. 176 This 


[-Inc2.] That debili- 


bility of | is alwayes 


DEBITOR. 


. 1818 Cruise Digest 
(ed. 2) I. 139 Which B. could not have for the lity of 


rance. 

+4. (with f/.) An instance of weakness. Obs. 

@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) E viij, 
The open honestee supplyeth many fautes tar A ale 
1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 61 to us from 
humane passions, and the debilities of Nature. 1825 
T. Jerrerson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 1. 82 Among the de- 
bilities of the government of the Confederation. 

b. Astrol. Of a planet: A weakness or dimi- 
nution of influence due to unfavourable position, etc. 

—_ Litty Chr. Astrol. To Rdr. 2, I would have him 
..well to understand’the Debilities and Fortitudes of every 
Planet. 1706 Prius (ed.. Kersey) s.v., Debilities are 
either Essential, when a Planet is in its Detriment, Fall, 
or Peregrine; or Accidental, when it is in the 12th, 8th, or 
6th Houses; or Combust, etc. So that by each of those 


Circumstances, a Planet is more or less , and said 
to have so many or so few Debilities. 

+ Debind, v. nonce-wd. [Dr-1.1.] To bind 
down. (Put by Scott into the mouth of Baron 


Bradwardine.) 
1814 Scott Wav, xli, A prisoner of war is on no account 
to be coerced with fetters, or debinded in exgastu/do. 


Debit (debit), ss. Forms: (5 dubete), 6 de- 
bitte, debette, 6-7 debet, 8- debit. [ad. L. 
débit-um owed, due, sb,adebt. Cf. F. débit (1723 


in Hatzfeld). In early use app. a further latiniza- 
tion of debte, from earlier dette, det: see DEBT.] 
+1. gen. Something that is owed, a debt. Ods. 

c 1450 Paston Lett. xlix. 1.61 Of certein dubete that I owe 
unto you. 1535 Plumpton cere cxxi, Be ly worth over 
all charges or debittes. 1547 Ludlow Churchw.Acc.(Camden) 
32 Parcelle of the debet that the churche restede in his 
dett. 1598 R. Quiney Let. to Shaks. in Leopold Shaks. 
Introd. ro5 In helpeing me out of all the debettes I owe 
in London. 1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 108 The 
Deuill tyes his Customers in the bond of Debets. 

2. Book-keeping. An entry in an account of a sum 
of money owing; an item so entered. b. The 
whole of these items collectively; that side of an 
account (the left-hand side) on which debits are 
entered. (Opposed to CrEvIT sé, 12.) 

1 Trial of Nundocomar 15/2 There are debits and 
credits between them in Bolankee Doss’s books to a great 
amount. 1868, 1889 [see Crepit sé, 12). 1872 Bacrnor 
Physics & Pol. (1876) 189 There is a most heavy debit of 
pes § Mod. This has been placed to your debi 

b. attrib., as debit-entry, -side (of an account). 

1976 Trial of Nundocomar 83/2 The debit side of my 
master's account. 1887 Pall Mail G. 8 June 12/1 The 
year’s operations show a debit balance of £ 42,000. : 

Debit (debit), v. [f. Deprr sé. Cf. F. débiter 
(1723 in Hatzfeld).] 

1. trans. To ch with a debt ; to enter some- 
thing to the debit of (a person). 


1682 ScarLetr £-xci 203 He must and may debit the 
Principal for the said Value. 1 Tucker Lt. Nat. 
(1852) I. 621 Accounts are regularly kept, and every man 


debited or credited for the least farthing he takes out or 
brings in. 1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. le 26, I have 
debited r account with Lire 5000 Austriache. 
Times XCIV. 105/1 The bank were not entitled to debit the 
plaintiffs with the amount paid on the said cheques. 

2. To charge as a debt; to enter on the debit 
side of an account. 

1865 Miss Brappon 1. Dundar i. 10 Pay the money, but 
don’t debit it against his lordship. fod. To whom is it to 


be debited? 
+ Debite, sd. Obs. Also § debet, -ete, 5-6 
debyte. (A corruption of Depute: cf. Desiry.] 


ieutenant. 


Trnvace Acts xxiii. 24 Felix t 1535 Cover- 
pate Dan. ii. 15 Arioch being the Kynges debyte. 
1549 ALLEN Jude's Par. Rev. 26 The vycar debyte of 


+ Debite, a. Obs. rare. [ad.L. débit-us owed, 
due: cf. Dest.] That is owed or due, 

1678 Gate Crt. Zes 111. 5 Sin, as to its formal cause, 
is..a privation of debite perfection. 

+ Debitor. Ots. Also 5 debytour. [a. OF. 
débitor (14th c.), débiteur, ad. L. débitor, agent-n. 
f. débére to owe. Débitor, -eur, was in French a 
learned term, the popular and proper F. form being 
dettor, -ur,-eur: see Destor. In debitor 


Caxton C 
rh gah (title), A profitable Treatyce | .. the 
kepyng the famouse reconynge, called in 
Habere, and in Engl 


ForD Scales Comm, 209 By Debitor or Debitors in a Mer- 
is understood 


chants <1 the account wa _——_ or 
and.. ‘received, or the Receiver 
ap heap oo Debitor. . oar. Harvey Curing Dis. by 


DEBITORY. 


Expect, i,2 The Physician .. doth commonly .. insinuate, 
that the Patient is Debitor for his Life. 1795 Wytnr Decis. 
Virginia 15 A debitor who oweth money on several accounts. 

attrib, 1588 J. Metis Briefe Instr. Cv, This Debitor 
side of your Leager. ; 

+Debitory. Ols. rare. [f. L. débit-us owed, 
debitor debtor: see -oRY.] A statement or item 
of debt. 

1575 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 259 Inventorie of all the 

‘oodes and cattells of Sir Edmond Smissons..Summa, vj!‘, 
The debitorie. William Wormley for tithes xv'-x¢ Dame 
Wormley, xx‘, 1580 W7lls § Juv. N.C. (Surtees) I. 432 The 
Resydewe of all my goodes. .as well as all debitoryes tome 
Owinge, I doe geue and Bequeithe vnto my Sonne, 

+De'bitrice. Ods.rare—1. [a. F. débitrice 
(16th c.), fem. of débiteur, ad. L. déitrix, -icen, 
fem. of déitor.] A female debtor. 

1588 J. Metis Briefe Instr. Fv b, And if [you buy] for 
ready money, make Creditrice the stocke, and Debitrice the 


shoppe. ; 

Debitumenize, -ation: see De- II. 1. 

+ Debity. O%s. In 5 -te, 5-6 -tee, 6 -tie, -tey, 
-bytie, -ty. Corruption of Deputy: cf. DrBITE. 

1467 Mann. & Househ. Exp. 170, I was my lordes debyte 
at is dessyre. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 72 Hir debitees or 
commissioneris, 1535 CoverpaLe Esther i. 3 The Debities 
and rulers of his countrees. 1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. 
Acts ix. 38 The Lieftenaunt of the citie, who was the debytie 
of King Aretas. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Yack Cade xxiii, Lieu- 
tenauntes or debities in realmes. 

|| Déblai (deble). Fort? [Fr., vbl. sb. f. déblayer 
for déblaer, in OF. desblaer, f. des-:—L. dis- + b1é 
(:—dlad, blat) wheat: orig. to clear from corn, 
hence to clear of any mass of material.] (See 
quot.) 

1853 StocquEter Milit. Encycl., Deblai, the hollow space 
or excavation formed by removing earth for the construction 
of parapets in fortification. ‘Thus, the ditch or fosse whence 
the earth has been taken represents the dés/az. 

Deblat, var. of DaBLET Ods., little devil. 

1473 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl, 1, 68 Item to thare ij deblatis 
«xx Ss. 1494 /bid. 239. 

Debla‘terate,v. rare. [f. L. déblaterare trans., 
to prate of, blab out, f. Dr- I. 3 + d/aterare to 
prate.] zxtr, To prate. (affected.) 

1623 Cockeram, Dedlaterate, to babble much. 1893 R.L. 
Stevenson in Brit. Weekly 27 Apr. 6 Those who deblaterate 
against missions have only one thing to do, to come and see 
them on the spot, 

Hence Debla‘teration. 

1817 Blackw. Mag. I. 470 (Caricaturing Sir ‘T, Urquhart), 
Quisquiliary deblaterations. 

f Debla-ze, v. Obs. rave—'. [f. DE+ + Buazev.] 
=next, 

1640 Vorke's Union Hon. Commend. Verses, Who weare 
gay Coats, but can no Coat deblaze. 

+ Debla‘zon, v. Os. [f. Dz-+Buazon: cf. 
depict, describe.] = BLAZON v. (in various senses). 

1621 Bratuwait Nat. Embass. (1877) 34 Now more amply 
meane I to deblazon the forlorne condition of these vnnatural 
maisters, 1630 — Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 33 They no sooner 
became great, than they deblazoned their own thoughts. 
1631 — Whimzies, Traveller 92 Cities hee deblazons as if he 
were their herald. 

Hence + Debla‘zoning ///. a. 

1640 Yorke’s Union Hon. Commend. Verses, Those Coat- 
* deblaz’ning Windowes. 

+Deblerie. 0ds.—' [a. OF. deablerie, now 
diablerie, {. diable devil.] prop. Demoniacal pos- 
session: but in quot. transl. a L. word meaning 
* demon’, 

a 1325 Prose Psalter cv[i]. 34 Hij sacrifiden her sones and 
her douters to debleries [dzmoniis]. 

Deblet: see DaBier. 

De:blocka'de. vare. [Dr- II. 2.] The re- 
moval of a blockade. 

, 1871 Daily News 5 Jan., General Trochu. . having formed 
in his own mind a plan for the deblockade of Paris. 

Deboach, -boash, obs. forms of DEBAUCH. 

Deboichee, -ery, Deboicht, -ness: see Dr- 
BAUCHEE, -ERY, DEBOIST, -NESS. 


+ Deboi'se, v. Ods. Also 7 deboyst, -boish, 
-boysh. [A by-form of debosh Dupaucu, with 
which it is connected by various intermediate 
forms: see Desoist Zf/.a. The phonetic history 
is not clear.] | 

1. reft. To leave one’s employment ; to take re- 
creation. [=F. se débaucher, Littré. ] 

1633 J; Done Hist. Septuagint 44 Worke-men .. whom 
hee helde so close to their businesse that hee would not 
give them any leasure to deboyst themselves nor to idle 
sport by no meanes. 

2. ¢vans. To corrupt morally ; to deprave by sen- 
suality; =DEBAUCH v. 2. Also fig. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes u. i. 35 Wicked wretch as 
Tam, to be at such a late houre deboysing my selfe. 1654 
Z. Coxe Logick (1657) A iij b, Corruption of manners. .doth 
deboish a people. 1656 in Burn Poor Laws (1764) 47 They 
do make it their trade. .to cheat, deboyst [?deboyse], cozen, 
and deceive the young gentry. 1662 J. Davizs Olearius’ 
Voy. Ambass. 333 To make a temperate use of the Philosophy 
of Aristotle. .not deboysting himself. 

3. To spend prodigally; to squander; = Dr- 
BAUCH 7%. 5. 

1632 QuarLes Div. Fancies mm. Ixxv. (1664), One part to 
cloath our pride, Another share we lavishly deboise To vain, 
or sinful joyes. 


Vou. III. 


81 


+ Deboi'se, @. O/s. [Corruption of Drnorsr : 


cf. DEBAUCH a.] = next. 

1632 Ranpoipn Yealous Lovers ut. hi, The deboisest 
Roarers inthe citie. 1644 BuLWeR Chzvon. 34 One Polemon 
a deboyse young man. 1667-9 BuTLer Rev. (1759) II. 205 
(A clown) All the worst Names that are given to Men.. as 
Villain, Deboyse, Peasant, &c. 

+ Deboi'st, A//. a. (sb.) Obs. Forms: 7 de- 
boist, -oyst ; -oysed; -ost(e; -oished, -oisht, 
-oyshed, -oysht, -oicht. [By-form of De- 
BAUCHED: cf. DEBOISE vb.] 

1. =DerBaucuen. 

1604 [see Depoistty]. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. Alate Pref. 
Wks. (1653) 18 A general deboist and base kind of habit. 
1622 F, Marxuam B&. Mart. viii. 31 Froathy, base and de- 
boysed Creatures. 1626 L. Owen Sfec. Yesuit. (1629) 63 
A very wicked, deboysht, and prophane man. 1639 R 
Junius Siz Stigmatized 320(T) Our debauched drunkards, 
and deboyshed swearers. @1657 W. Braprorp Plymouth 
Plant. u. (1856) 240 This wicked and deboste crue. 1694 
Crowne Married Beau 1. 27 Stand off, you base, un- 
worthy, false, deboist man. 1722 Sewet Hist. Quakers 
(2795) 1. 217 Knowing him to be a deboist fellow. 

. Damaged. (Cf. DEBAUCH z. 4.) 

1641 Heywoop Priest Fudge §& Patentee, The price of 
French and Spanish wines are raisd How ever in their 
worth deboyst and craisd. 

3. Used as a sé. =DEBAUCHEE. 

1657 R. Licon Bardbadoes (1673) 21 For one woman that 
dyed, there were ten men; and the men were the greater 
deboystes. 

Hence Deboi'stly adv., Deboi’stness. 

1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. iii. § 3. 74 A multitude of 
Passions .. breake out debostly. 1628 Prynne Love-lockes 
34 Licentiousnesse, Deboistnesse, and the like. 1647 
R. Starytton ¥uvenal 148 Nero's cruelty and deboich't- 
nesse. 167% IWVestm. Drollery 78 Yell me no more that 
long hair can Argue deboistness in a man. 

+ Deborlish, v. Ods. [Cf. DE-aBoLisH and DE- 
II. 1.]_ ¢vans. 'To demolish, sweep away. 

1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 214 The passage was soon after 
debolished by assaulting seas. 

Debonair, -bonnaire (de:biné1), a. (sd.) 
Forms: 3-4 debonere, 4 -eir(e, -ure, 4-5 -ar, 
4-6 -er, -ayr(e, 6 Sc. -are, 4- debonaire, 5— 
debonair, (7-9 debonnaire, 8-9 debonnair). 
[a. OF. debonatre, prop. a phrase de bonne aire 
(11th c.) of good disposition. Very common in 
ME., but obsolescent from the 16th c., and now a 
literary archaism, often assimilated in spelling to 
mod.F. débonnaire.] 

A. adj. + a. Of gentle disposition, mild, meek ; 
gracious, kindly; courteous, affable (ods.); b. 
Pleasant and affable in outward manner or ad 
dress; often in mod. quots. connoting gaiety of 
heart. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 186 Auh pet debonere child hwon hit is 
ibeaten, 3if be ueder hat hit, cussed pe 3erd. 1297 R. 
Guovuc. (1724) 167 So large he was & so hende, & al so de 
bonere. /dzd. 374 To hem, pat wolde hys wylle do, de- 
bonere he was & mylde. c¢1374 CHaucerR Boeth. 1. v. 22 
Zepherus pe deboneire wynde. c1385 — L.G. IV”. 276 So 

‘ood, so faire, so debonayre. 1375 Barpour Bruce 1. 362 

yss, curtaiss, and deboner. ihe Wycur Leclus. v. 13 
Be thou debonere to here the wrd of God. ¢ 1430 Lyne. 
Chichev, & Bycorne, Pacient wyfes debonayre, Whiche to 
her husbondes be nat contrayre. 1545 RayNnotp Byrth 
Mankynde Prol. (1634) 6 By honest, sober, debonnaire and 
gentle manners. 1590 SPENSER F. Q. 1. ii. 23 Was fheuer 
Prince so meeke and debonaire. 1685 EvELyn Mem. (1857) 
II. 216 He was a prince of many virtues, and many great 
imperfections: debonaire, easy of access. 1707 CoLLirr 
Refi. Ridic. 379 He has too debonair and free a Deport- 
ment with the Women. 1782 Cowper Zable 7. 236 The 
Frenchman, easy, debonair, and brisk. 182 Mar. Epcr- 
worTH Vivian ii, In spite of his gay and debonair man- 
ner, he looked old. 1843 Lytton Last of Barons 1. vi, 
She became so vivacious, so debonnair,so charming. 1847 
Disraewt Zancred u. xvi, A carriage a degree too debonair 
for his years. 

B. sb. +1. [the adj. used adso/.] Gracious being 
or person. Ods. 

¢ 1366 Cuaucer A. B. C.6 Help and releeue thou mihti 
debonayre. 1393 Gower Conf, III. 192 Trajan the worthy 
debonaire, By whom that Rome stood governed. 

+2. Graciousness of manner; = DEBONAIRTY. 

1697 Evetyn Nusmism. ix. 305 A serious Majesty attem- 
see with such strokes of Debonaire, as won Love and 

everence. 1748 RicHARDSON Clarissa Wks. 1883 IV. 185 
Shall my vanity extend only to personals, such as the 
gracefulness of dress, my debonnaire, and my assurance. 

Debonairly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly*.] Ina 
debonair manner; meekly, gently, graciously, 
affably, etc. ; see the adj. 

cr Cursor M. 23872 (Edin.) He pat can mar pan 
encper, debonerlik [v.77. de-bonerli, debonerly] .. teche his 
bro} ©1350 Will, Palerne 730 Mi hauteyn hert bi-houes 
me to chast, And bere me debonureli, ¢ 1386 CHaucer 
Melib. P 98 Whan dame Prudence, ful debonerly and with 
gret pacience, hadde herd al that hir housbonde liked for 
toseye. ¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode t. xi. (1869) 37, Lam 
..thilke that debonairliche suffreth al pacientlich. 1483 
Caxton Cato Gviij b, Thou oughtest to bere and suffre 
debonayrlye the wordes of thy bias 1597 Torte Alba 
Introd.(1880) p.xxvii, Hoping your Honour will..debonairly 
accept of these trifles. 1633 Forp Zove’s Sacr. u. i, Your 
apparel sits about you most debonairly. 1785 H. WALroLe 
Lett. C’tess Ossory 11. 214 My hand, you see, Madam, has 
obeyed you very debonairly. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley 
viii, ‘Good morning, Mr. Barraclough,’ said Moore, de- 
bonairly. 


. 


DEBOSHED. 


Debonai'rness. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The 
quality of being debonair: see the adj. 

1382 Wycuir Ps. xliv. [xlv.] 5 For treuthe, and deboner- 
nesse, and riztwisnesse. 1 H. More Adyst. Inig. 548 
That there should be all Kindness, Condescending, Be- 
nignity and Debonairness in them. 1753 RicHARDSON 
Grandison (1810) VI. xxxi. 213, From whom can spirits, 
can cheerfulness, can debonnairness be expected, if not 
froma good man? 1768 STERNE Sent. Yourn. (1778) Il. 
42 With all the gaiety and debonairness in the world. 


+ Debonai‘rship. Ods. rare—'. [f. as prec. 
+ -SHIP.] =next, 

a1240 Wohunge in Cott. [om. 275 Penne pi deboneir- 
schipe mai make pe eihwer luued. 

+ Debonai‘rty, debona‘rity. Ovs. Forms: 
3-5 debonerte, -airte, 4 -eirete, 4-5 -airete, 5 
-ertee, -ayrte(e, -airty, -arte, -arete, 6 debon- 
nairetie, 6-7 debonaritie, 7 -airitie, -ty, -arety, 
-erity, -arity. [ME., a. OF. debonaireté, -eretié 

13th c.), f. debonatre: see -ty. Debonarity is a 
later assimilation to the type of s¢mdlartty, etc.] 

Debonair character or disposition; mildness, 
gentleness, meckness; graciousness, kindness ; 
courtesy, affability. 

a@1225 Ancr. KR, 390 Puruh his debonerté, luue hefde 
ouerkumen hine. a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hot, 269 De- 
bonairte of herte. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 466 This Ire 
is with deboneirete and it is wrop withoute bitternes. ¢ 1430 
Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. liit. (1869) 163 ‘This cometh. .of 
youre debonayrtee. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 
1495) 1. 209 a/2 Pacyence, humylyte, debonarete, & wylle- 
full obedyence. 1600 Hottanp Livy xu. xlvi. 1089 The 
goodnature and debonaritie [ facidztas] of the two Censors. 
1637 Bastwick Litany u. 3 A Prince of surpassing de- 
bonerity. @ 1677 Barrow Sermz. (1687) I. viii. 95 he chear- 
full debonairity expressed therein. 1688 Br. S. Parker 
Eng. Reasons Abrogating Test 2 He quickly repents 
him of that Debonarity. 

+ Debona-rious, a. Obs. rave—'. [f. DEBONAIR 
after words in -ardous, f. L. -artus, V. -atre.] = 
DEBONAIR ; cf. next. 

1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) m1. 447 Your debonarius obe- 
dyauns ravyssyt me to trankquelyte ! 

+ De-bonary, a. Oés. [f. DEBoNAIR after words 
in -ARY, an alteration of F. -azve, e.g. ordinarre, 
ordinary.) = DEBONAIR. 

1402 Hoccieve Letter of Cupid 347 They [women] ben. . 
ful of humylite, Shamefaste, debonarieandamyable. ¢ 1430 
Lypc. Bochas (1558) . v. 8 To her declaring with reasons 
debonary [s7e tary]. 1630 Tinker of Turvey 46 Of a 
comely visage, courteous, gentle and debonary. 

Deborrd, v. ?0ds. Also 7 deboard, Sc. de- 
boird. [a. F. débord-er, in 15-16th c. deshorder, 
f. des-:—L. dis- (DE- I. 6) + dord border.] 

1. intr. Of a body of water: ‘To pass beyond its 
borders or banks, to overflow. 

1632 Litucow 77az. vi. 316 As the Water groweth in the 
River, and so from it debording. /éd. 317 Violent streames 
do ever deface, transplant, and destroy all that they debord 
upon, 1635 Person Marieties 1. 24 Such as aske, why the 
Sea doth never debord. 1859 R. F. Burton in Frnd. Geog. 
Soc. XXIX. 194 A wide expanse .. over which the stream 
when in flood debords to a distance of two miles. 

+2. fig. To go out of bounds, deviate; to go 
beyond bounds, go to excess. Ods. 

¢1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 77 That hence I 
from my duety not debord. @ 1658 Duruam Jen Cov- 
mandm, (1675) 362 (Jam.) It is a wonder that men should 
take pleasure to deboard in their cloathing. 1671 77a 
Nonconf. 401 Debording from common methods, a 1678 
Woovouean Holy Living (1688) 113 Least .. your passions 
sometimes debord where you would not have them. 

Hence Debo'rding 74/. sb. =next. 

1635 Person Varieties u. 66 Great debording of waters. 
1652 Urquuart Zewel Wks. (1834) 225 Too great proness to 
such like debordings and youthful emancipations. 

+Debo'rdment. Os. [a. F. déboritement, f. 
déborder: see prec. and -MENT.] Going beyond 


bounds, excess. 

1603 FLorio Montaigne i. ix. (1632) 540 Against the 
ignorance and debordement of Magistrates. 1646 H. Law- 
RENCE Comm, Angelis 88 The debordments and excesses of 
no beasts are so great as those of mankind. 1659 GAUDEN 
Tears of Church 214 To cleanse it of all those debordments 
and debasements faln upon Christian Religion. 

Debosh, -bosche, obs. or arch. f. DEBAUCH. 


Debo'shed, #//. a. Also 7 debosht. An 
early variant of DEBAUCHED, representing the pro- 
nunciation of F. débauché; connected with the 
main form by debaushed, debausht. Obs. in Eng. 
before the middle of 17th c.; retained longer 
in Scotch; revived by Scott, and now frequent in 
literary English, with somewhat vaguer sense than 
debauched. 

1599 James I BaotA, Awpor (1603) 110 Quer superfluous 
like a deboshed waister. 1605 SHaxs. Lear 1. iv. 263 Men 
so disorder’d, so debosh’d, and bold. 1624 Hrywoop 
Gunatk. u. 16 One Herostratus, a wicked and debosht 
fellow. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 358 Ignorant and 
debosht ministers are tolerated. 1826 Scotr Woodst. iii, 
Swash-bucklers, deboshed revellers, bloody brawlers. 1859 
Kincstey Plays § Purit. Misc. I. 109 An utterly de- 
boshed, insincere, decrepit, and decaying age. 1867 LoweLL 
Biglow P, Ser. u. 55 Many deboshed younger, brothers 
of..good families may have sought refuge in Virginia. 
Deboshee, -ery, -ment, obs. ff, DEBAUCHEE, 
etc. Debost(e: see DEBoIsT. ‘ 

11 


DEBOUCH. 


Debouch (dibi{, debzf),v. Also debouche. 
[mod. a. F. débouche-r, in 17th e. desboucher, OF. 
desbouchier (13th c.), f. dé-:—des-, L. dis- (see DE- 
I. 6) + bouche mouth. Cf. It. sdoccare ‘to mouth 
or fall into the sea as a river’ (Florio).] 

1. Milit. (intr.) To issue from a narrow or con- 
fined place, as a defile or a wood, into open country; 
hence ge. to issue or emerge from a narrower into 
a wider place or space. 

(1665 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 161 We have hardly any 
words that do so fully express the French. .exnui, bizarre, 
débouche .. Let us therefore .. make as many of these do 
homage as are like to prove good citizens.) 1 Lond. 
Mag. XXIX. 177 We saw the column of infantry de- 
bouching into Minden plain. 1812 Examiner 24 Aug. 
53y/2 ‘These two companies gave the .. cavalry time to 

lebouche. 1813 [bid. 7 June 355/2 General Bertrand .. 
appearing to intend detouching from Jaselitz upon the 
enemy’s right. 1840 Barna /ngol. Leg.. Leech of Folke- 
stone (1877) 370 The travellers de’ 


uched on the open plain 
on Aldington Frith. Jig. 1839 Times 4 Oct., Mr. 
Labouchere debouches upon the cabinet. 7 

2. transf. Of a ravine, river, etc.: To issue as at 
a mouth or outlet into a wider place or space. 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 168 This little stream 
that debouches from the lake. 1850 B. Taytor Eldorado xxii. 
(1862) 236 The ravine finally debouched upon the river at the 
Middle Bar. 1878 H. M. Stantey Dark Cont. I. viii. 167 
Nakidino Creek, into which an important stream debouches, 

3. trans. (causal). To lead forth into open ground; 
to provide an outlet for. 

1745 Duncan Forses in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 1V. 355 No 
more than a hundred and fifty or a hundred and sixty of 
the Mackenzies have been debouched. 1844 W. H. Max- 
WELL Sorts & Adv. Scotl. xxiii. (1855) 190 Huge outlets 
which débouche the waters. 

Debou'ch, s3. vave. Also debouche. [f. prec. 
vb.] =next (sense 1). 


82 


+ Debrea‘k, v. Ods. rare. [f. De- I. 1+ Break 
v.] trans. To break down (transl. L. decerpere). 

1382 Wycur Mark i. 26 The onclene goost ——- 
[v.7. to-braydynge, 1388 debreidynge, to-breidinge} hym, 
and cryinge with grete vois. 


|| Debris, debris (debri, da-bri, debr7)._ [F. 


débris, vbl. sb. from obs. débriser (Cotgr.), OF. de- 
brisier : see next.] The remains of anything broken 


down or destroyed; ruins, wreck: a. orig. (in 
Eng.) fig.; b. in Geol. applied to any accumula- 
tion of loose material arising from the waste of 
rocks ; also to drifted accumulation of vegetable or 
animal matter (Page) ; thence, ¢. any similar rub- 
bish formed by destructive operations. 

= Cottier Eccl. Hist. 1. a.v. 685 To retire with the 
debris of thearmy. 1735 Swirt Lett. to Dk. of Dorset, Your 
Grace is now disposing of the debris of two bishoprics. 1778 
H. Watrore Let. to W. Mason 18 July, The best they can 
hope for, is to sit down with the débris of an empire. 
1802 Prayrair /llustr. Hutton. Th. 363 A temporary re- 
ceptacle for the debris of the Alps. 1849 Murcuison Si 
luria xiv. 356 The débris of the ancient rocks. 1851 
D. Witson Preh, Ann. (2863) II. 11. iii. 105 Accumulated 
rubbish and debris. 1! e1kie Hist. Boulder ix. 176 
The sandstone cliffs..are battered down and their debris 
carried out to sea. 1885 Act 48-9 Vict. c. 39 § 5 The sani- 
tary authority shall remove the same and all foundations, 
débris, and other materials. 

Debruise (d/br7z),v. Forms: 3-8 debruse, 
4 debrise, 7- debruise. [a. ONF. debruisier, 
debrusier = OF .debrisier, to break downor in pieces, 
crush, f. de- (De- I. 1) + brister to BREAK.) 

+1. ‘rans. To break down, break in pieces, crush, 
smash. Ods. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 298 Hii..stenede hym wypb stones 
As me stenede Seynt Steuene, and debrusede ys bones. 


| a 1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc.(Wright) 178 Tho oure Louerd. .de- 


1813 Examiner 7 June 354/2 Fortified rising points, which | 


defended the debouches from the Spree. /ézd. 3 May 274/2 
‘The debouch from the Hartz. 1823 Soutuey “ist. Penins. 
War 1. 696 The debouches of Villarcayo, Orduiia, and 
Munguia. 

|| Débouché (debwfe). [Fr.: f. déboucher (see 
above).] 

1. Milt. An opening where troops debouch or 


may debouch ; gez. a place of exit, outlet, opening. | 


1760 Lond. Mag. XX1X. 171 The 


particular notice of the nine Debouché's, by which the army 


enerals will take | 


may advance to form in the plain of Minden. 1813 | 


WeELuincTon in Gurw. Desp. (1838) X. 545 Desirable to 
obtain possession of the débouchés of the mountains to- 
wards Vera. 1857 J. W. Croker Ess. Fr. Rev. iv. 202 
(Stanf.) One gate, as an additional débouché for the crowd. 

2. fig. An opening, outlet, or market for goods. 

1846 WorcESTER cites Rawson. 

Debou'chment. Also debouchement. [a. 
¥. débouchement, {. déboucher (see DEBOUCH 2.) + 
-MENT.] 

1. Ait. The action or fact of debouching. 

1827 J. F. Coorer Prairie II. iii. 44 To unravel the 
mystery of so sudden a debouchement from the cover. 
1871 Daily News 19 Sept., The debouchment of Stephen- 
son’s brigade through the railway arch. 

2. The mouth or outlet of a river, a pass, etc. 

1859 Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 42 
The coast..presents but three debouchments that deserve 
the name of rivers. a 

Debouchure (debwfi-r). [In form, French, f. 
déboucher to DEBoucH + -URE; but this sense is 
not Fr.] = DEBoUCHMENT 2, EMBOUCHURE I. 

1844 KincLake Eothen xii. (1878) 168 Towards the de- 
bouchure of the river. 1890 Spectator 11 Jan. 41 Thence 
two railways would connect her with Zanzibar and the 
debouchure of the Zambesi. 

Debourse, var. of DEBURSE. 

+ Debou't, v. Olds. [a. F. débouter, in OF. de- 
boter (10th c.), f. de- (De- I. 2) + bouter, OF. boter 
to push.] /vans. To thrust out, expel, oust. 

1619 Time's Storehouse 208 (L.) Not able enough to de- 
bout them out of their sessions. 1644 Hume Hist#, 
Ho, Douglas 264 (Jam.) His fraud was detected..and he 
debouted, and put from that authority. 

+ Debouttement. Oés. [a. OF. debotement, 
déboutement, f. débouter: see prec. and -MENT.] A 
thrusting forth, expulsion. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. xxviii. 121 Deboutemens and 
brekyng out of wyndes that mete aboue the clowdes. 

+ Debow’el, v. Ods. [Dx- II. 2.] =Dissowet, 
disembowel. 

fr § Heeroma Bruce xx. 285 He debowalit wes clenly, 
An wimyt syne full rychly. 1513 Douctas 4neis w. ii. 
25 The beistis costis, as thai debowalit wer. a 1547 SuRREY 

‘neid 1. 80 With giftes that day, and beastes Shostea. 

Deboyse, deboyst, var. DEBoIsE Ods. 
+Debrai‘d, v. Obs. rare. In 4-5 debreyd. 

f. De- I. 1 + Brarp v,1 3 to snatch.] To snatch 

own (rendering L. decerpere). 

1388 [see Depreak). 
tDebra‘nch, v. Obs. rare. [ad. F. desbranch- 
ir (Palsgr. & Cotgr.), or desbranche-r (15-16th c. 
Godef.), f. dé-, des- (De- I. 6) + branche branch.] 
trans. To deprive of branches, to lop. Hence De- 
branching v/. si. 

1601 Hoitanp Pliny I. 538 After such pruning and de- 
branching. 


brusede helle 3ates. 1382 Wyciir £zek. xxxiv. 27 Whan I 
shal debrise the chaynes of her 30c. 1618 M. Datton 
Countrey Fustice 195 Though it were lawfull to make the 
trenches, and to debruse the Nusans [a Weare on the 
‘Trent). 

+b. intr. To be dashed to pieces. Ods. 

I R. Grovuc. (1724) 288 Pe flor to brac vnder hem.. 
And bik velle and debrusede somme anon to debe. /did. 
4 He hupte & debrusede, & deide in an stounde. 

. Her. (trans.) To cross (a charge, esp. an 
animal) with an ordinary so as partially to hide it, 
and as it were press it down; usually in pa. fie. 
Debruised; also said of a serpent so bent or 
‘folded’ that its head or tail is partly covered by 
its body. Counter-debrutsed: see quot. 1830. 

1572 BossEwELL Armorie 11. 114 His fielde is de Argent, 
a Lyon salient Gules, debrused with a Barre de Azure. 


1661 Morcan Sfh. Gentry u. i. 10 Composed of the two | 


bodies of trees laid crosse each other: but then one must 
Debruse and bear down the other. 1830 Rosson Brit. 
Herald M11. Gloss., Counter-debruised, when either the 
head or tail of a serpent in the bowing or embowing, is 
turned under, ina contrary direction the one to the other. 
1848 Macaucay Hist. Engl. 1. 252 He .. exhibited on his 
escutcheon the lions of England and the lilies of France 
without the baton sinister under which, according to the 
law of heraldry, they were debruised in token of his ille- 
gitimate birth. 

De-brutalize: see De- II. 1. 

Debt (det), s4. Forms: 3-4 dete, 3-6 dette, 4-6 
dett, det, deytt(e, 5-7 debte, 7- debt. [ME. 
det, dette, a. OF. dete, dette :—pop. L. *debita for 
L. débitum (pa. pple. of débére to owe), lit. (that 
which is) owed or due, money owed, debt. Often 
made masce, in OF. after dedztum, and from 13th 
to 16th c. sometimes artificially spelt dedte, after 
which debt has become the English spelling since 
the 16th c.] 

1. That which is owed or due; anything (as 
money, goods, or service) which one person is 
under obligation to pay or render to another: a. 
a sum of mecer a material thing. 

a@ 1300 Cursor M. 7642 Dauid .. wightli wan o — his 
dete (v.77. dette, dett]. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. LIL. 293 
3if a trewe man —— pore man to paie his dettis. 14.. 
Merchant & Son in Halliw. Nugw Poet. 28 Then le sea 
— hys fadur dettys. 1 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 

ices 20 To declare his debtes, what he oweth. 1559 
Mirr. Mag., Dk. Glocester xxiii, To paye large vsury 
besides the due det. 1596 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. ww. iv. 24 
Hauing com to Padua To gather in some debts. 1707 
Hearne Collect, 23 Aug., To pay his small debts. 1767 
Brackstone Comm, 11. 464 A debt of record is a sum of 
money, which appears to be due by the evidence of a court 
ape oan 1845 pre Lew Bae: ii. s65 eee 
is sul toa iability to pay a sum of money to 
another, he is Saat owe him a debt to that amount. r. 

b. a thing immaterial. 

c * . Cursor M. 27808 (Cotton Galba) Rightwis es he, to 

if ilk man hisdet. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prof. 130 y 
SI —_ fate in hir ——— — a — yelde 
to his ire dette. ¢1400 Destr, Troy 534 This curtysy 
he claymes as clere det. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison 
II. xxxv. 343 Look upon what is done for you ,. as your 

Miller's Dan, 217 


debt to.. ce. 1832 TENNYSON 
Love the is love the debt. 
+e. t which one is bound or ought to do; 
(one’s) duty. Sc. Ods. 
¢ 1480 HoLLanp How/at 135 The trewe Turtour has. . Done 
dewlie his det. ¢ Henry Wallace vin. 546 It is my dett 


to do all that I can To fend our kynrik out off dangeryng. 


| daunger they be not. 
| the debt of other men, and well able to pay. 


(1632) 5 Being ouer h 


DEBT. 


Dovctas Aineis 1x. iii. 184 So douchtely we schaype 
adie det. Sat. veces Refer xxxix. 319, I haue 
lang for3et, Le indeld I hens ome ine anes as 


2. A liability or obligation to pay or render 
something ; the condition of being under such obli- 
gation. 

250/345 He —e pe 
was to 

he.. + fg chair dette tone. 

to hym that worchith mede is not 

but bi dette. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. - 


Sieve 
1388 


a privilege that it shall disc’ aman of his debtes beyng 
= to pay. ¢1532 Dewes /xtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1064, 
ve 


something to him; indebted to him. So out of 
debt, out of any one's debt; to fall or run into (or in 
debt; out of debt out of danger: see DANGER, and 
cf. quot. 1551. 

1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 462 ‘pat dint’, he seyd, ‘ was iuel 
sett. Wele schal y com out of pi dett.’ cx386 Cuaucer Prol. 
280 Ther wiste no man that he [the Marchaunt] was in 
dette. 1393 Lancu. P. P/. C. xxi. 10 Ne neuere shal falle 
in dette. 1478 Paston Lett. No. 824 LI. 237 For he seythe 
ye be xxts in hys dette. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. I. 
770 Now unthriftes riott and runne in debt. 1§51 Rosin- 
son tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 104 Men, in whose debte and 
1568 Grarton Chron. Il. 434 Out of 
1615 Sir E. 
Hosy Curry-combe 215, 1 see you meane not to die in 
Jabals debt for an con poy a 1624 Br. M. Smitn Serm. 

and eares in debt. 1745 De Foe's 
Eng. Tradesman vi. (1841) 1,39 They are under no neces- 
sity of running deep into debt. 1763 Gent. tig 331 
The black traders are often in debt to the chiefs, 1812 i 
EpcEwortu Absentee xiv, Clonbrony, for the first 
time since he left Ireland, found himself out of debt, and out 
of danger. 1845 Disraei Syéi/ (1863) 155 To run in debt 
to the shopkeepers. : 
+c. Obligation to do something; duty. /z 


debt: under obligation, in duty bound. Of or with 


| debt: as a matter of debt, as is due or right; as in 


duty bound. Oés. (Cf. 1c.) 

¢ 1300 Cursor M, 23888 (Edin.) A besand he me taht to 
sette pat ik him ah to yeld wit dette. ¢1330 R. Bruxxe 
Chron. (1810) 261 We ere in dette, at nede to help be ig. 
1393 Gower Con/. III. 52 And as it were of pure dette hey 
yive her goodes to the king. c1425 Wyntoun Chron. ut. 

rol. 23 Oure Eldrys we sulde folowe of det. a 1400 Re/ig. 
Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 2 Prelates and persons. .pat 
ere haldene by dett for to lere pame. 1488 Caxton Chast. 
Goddes Chyld. 10, 1. .cannot thanke the as I ought of dette. 
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) 1. 35 This fatall stone.. 

ir it wes brocht in ony or erd..Of verrie det the 

Scottis thair suld ring. 

3. fig. Used in Biblical language as the type of 
an offence a a sin. 

a12ag Ancr. R. 126 We sigged for3if us ure dettes, al so 
ase we uorziued to ure detturs. a1g400 Prymer (1891) 20 
For3iue us oure dettes ; as we forzeue to oure detoures. 
ph Fisner Wks. (1876) 242 Whiche be our dettes? Truly 
oursynnes. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Matt. vi. 12 And forgeue 
vs our debtes [Wyctir dettis, Cranm., RAemrish dettes, 1611 
debts] euen as we forgiue our debters. 1858 Trencu Para- 
yd xvi, God is the creditor, men the debtors, and sins the 
bt. 


4. Phrases. a, Debt of honour: a debt that can- 
not be legally enforced, but depends for its validity 
on the honour of the debtor ; usually applied to 
debts incurred bi —, 

1646 Evance Noble Ord. 37 He is become a voluntary 
debitor..in a debt of honour, 1732 Berkerry A . 1.98 
He. .is obliged to pay debts of Honour, that is, all such as 
are contracted by Play. 1839 Carn. Stvctain Holiday 
House xiii. 265 Pay your debt of honour, Master Harry ! 

b. Debt of (or to) nature; the necessity of dying, 
death ; 40 fa the debt of (or one’s debt to) nature : 
to die. [Lat. debitum nature.| 

(c 1325 Storenam 2 And his deythes dette 3elde. 1375 
Barsour Bruce xix. 209 Hym worthit 5 to pay the det 
That no man for till pay may let.) 1494 Fasvan Chron. u. 
xli. 28 Fynally he perme jette of nature. 1§90 MARLOWE 
Edw. 11, Wks. (ed. Rtldg.) 212/1 Pay nature's debt with 
cheerful countenance. uARLES Emdi. u. xiii, The 
slender debt to nature’s quickly paid. 1727 A. HamiLton 
New Ace. E. Ind. 11. lii. 265 He had paid his great Debt to 
Nature, without taking Notice of the small one due to me. 
1812 Examiner 23 Nov. 747/1 One of them has .. paid the 
debt of nature. 

¢c. Action of debt; an action at law for recover- 
ing a debt. oa 

in Vicary's Anat. (1888) ii, 152 gouernours 

ae bene oo accion of gen ior the same. Owen 

Pembrokeshire (1891) 192 A plaintiffe in an action of debte. 

1800 Appison Amer. Law, Rep. 111 The ~ Saad . 


action of debt is the consideration or equi 

arr “Bill of debt i ote, 1.0.U., or 
zll oj : a promi n .U. 

other acknowledgement of indebbadaaens in some 

countries used, like a bill of exchange, as a nego- 

tiable document. Ods. 


1530 Patscr. 198/1 Byll of dette, cedule. 1622 MALYNes 
ee Piro Ai 96 most ysuall buying and selling of 


DEBT. 


commodities sk age the Seas, in the course of Trafficke, is 
for Bills of Debt, or Obligations, called Billes Obligatorie, 
which one Merchant giueth vnto another, for commodities 
bought or sold, which is altogether vsed by the Merchants 
Aduenturors at Amsterdam, Middleborough, Hamborough, 
and other places. 1690 Cuitp Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 16 If .. 
a law for transferring bills of debt should pass, we should not 
miss the Dutch money. /éid. 139 In other Kingdoms and 
Countries abroad .. transference of Bills of Debt is in use. 

e. National Debt: a debt owing by a sovereign 
state to private individuals who have advanced 
money to it for the public needs; es. that main 
part of the pwdlic debt, which has been converted 
into a fund or stock of which the government no 
longer seeks to pay off the principal, but to provide 
the annual interest ; hence called funded debt, as 
opposed to the floating debt, which includes the 
ever-varying amounts due by the government and 
repayable on demand or by a certain time. 

1653 Cuiptey (¢7¢/e), Remonstrance concerning the Public 
Faith, Soldier’s Arrears, and other Public Debts. 1721 A. 
Hurcueson (¢7t/e), Collection of Treatises, relating to the 
National Debts and Funds. 1752 Hume Zss. Public Credit 
(1875) I. 364 National debts cause a mighty confluence of 
people and riches to the capital. 18r2 G. Cuatmers Dow. 
Econ. Gt. Brit. (New ed.) 210 The most efficient measure... 
was to fund .. the floating debts, of the victualling, and of 
the ordnance departments. 1840 Pexuzy Cycl. XVI. 100 The 
contracting of the National Debt cannot be said to have 
been begun before the Revolution of 1688. 1860 KNicuT 
Pop. Hist. Eng. V1. iii. 40 There was a floating debt of 
about ten millions, 1878 Epirn Tuompson Hist, Eng. 
xxxix. 275 The South Sea Company..for the purpose of 
reducing the National Debt, engaged .. to buy up certain 
annuities. Whitaker's Alman. 4 he French 
National Debt is the largest in the Roel .-Public debt, 
funded £957,000,000; Public debt, floating, annuities, etc., 
capitalized £ 728,372,372. 

f. Small debt: a debt of limited amount, for 
which summary jurisdiction is provided, in Eng- 
land in the County Court, in Scotland in the Small 
Debt Court held by the sheriff. Also attrib. 

(In Scotland the limit of these debts was in 1788 £5, in 
1837 £8 6s. 8d., and in 1853 £12.) 

1603-4 Act Fas. J, c. 14 (title), An Acte for Recouerie 
of Small Debtes. 1795 Act 35 Geo. I//, c. 23 (title) An 
Act for the more easy and expeditious Recovery of Small 
Debts. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 762 The Statute 
39 and 4o Geo. III, c. 46, commonly called the Syadt- 
Debt Act. Ibid. 764 The sheriff’s exclusive jurisdiction in 
small debts was introduced by 6 Geo. IV, c. 24. bid. 766 
The sheriffs must, in addition to their ordinary small-debt 
courts, hold circuit courts for the purposes of thisact. /did. 
767 By the act 16 and 17 Vict. c. 80, 1853, the small-debt juris- 
diction of sheriffs is extended to causes not exceeding £ 12. 

5. attrib. and Comb. 

1682 ScarLetr Exchanges 236 In mixed or Debt Ex- 
changes the Drawer receives no Monyes, but is Debtor, and 
gives Bills to his Creditor..for payment of his Debt. 1826 
Consett Rur. Rides (1885) 11. 255 Large part of the rents 
must 1 to the Debt-Dealers, or Loan-makers. 1883 19¢/ 
Cent. May 884 Punishment of debt-frauds as crimes. 

+Debt, 2//. z. Obs. Forms: 4-5 dett(e, 6- 
debt. [ad. L. dézt-us owed (cf. DEBITE a.), con- 
formed to debt sb.] Owed, due, owing. 

at Hampo.e Psalter \xxviii. 5 3eldand til be[e] dett 
[v.~. duwe] honur. ¢1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 
1494) 1. xl, That it is nedeful to the & dette for to traueyle 
s0O. at Rintey Ws. (1843) 305 Promises so openly 
made, and so duly debt. 1576 J. Kyewstus Confut. (1579) 

vja,That which is det and due on their behalfe. 1602 SHAKS. 

‘am. 111. ii. 203 To pay our selues, what to ourselues is debt. 


+Debtable, z. Os. vare—4. [f. Depr + 
-ABLE.] Under pecuniary obligation, chargeable. 

1516 Plumpton Corr. 217 That pg mastership shold be 
debtable to the King for the lordship of Plompton. 

+ Debt-bind, v. Obs. nonce-wd. 
bind by obligation, render indebted. 

@ 1608 Sackvitte Dk. Buckingham xiiii. (D.), Banish’d by 
them whom he did thus debt-bind. 

De'bt-book. An account-book in which debts 
are recorded. Often fg. 

@ 1600 Hooker Serm. Wks. 1845 II. 609 We dare not call 
God to a ge as if we had him in our debt-books, 
1617 Hieron Wes. II. 90 Forgiuenesse of sins is (as it were) 
the a of a score, or the crossing of a debt-booke. 
1745 De Foe's Eng. Tradesman xxxii. (841) Il. 34 The 
proper method for a debt-book for a small tradesman. 

+ De‘bt-bound, f//.a. Oss. Also -bounden. 

1, Under obligation, bound by duty, obliged. 

1513 Douctas 4 neis x1.iv. 62 This mysfortoun is myne 
of ald thirlage, As tharto detbund in my wrachit age. 1553 
Bae Gardiner's De vera Obed. Pref, A iv, All true subiectes 
were dettebounden to defende .. and upholde, the supreme 
autoritie of the crowne. Mortey /utrod. Mus. 28, 
I will .. acknowledge my debt bound to him. 1603 
in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. III. 73 note, I shall acknowledge 
myself exceedingly deuo BoE to your Excellency. 

2. Of things: Obligatory, due, bounden. 

1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 32 And daylie giwe det- 
bound thankes to the for sua greate benefites. 

+Debted, #//. a. Obs. [Pafter OF. deté 
(DerTty) : see -ED ; or aphetic form of an-, en-, in- 
debted (13th c.).] 

1. Of things: Owed, due. 

€1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Agnes 171, & gyf he yald dett 
honoure Til god pat al titage has in cure. os wieas 
Deut, xv.2 To whom ony thing is dettid, ethir owid. c1440 
Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) u. vii, The payne 
detted for the synne. 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 9 


trans. To 


83 


Obediens dettit til our natural fatheris. 1599-16.. Mas- 
SINGER, etc. O/d Law. i, In my debted duty. 

2. Of persons: Under obligation; indebted. 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron, 1x. xxvii. 267 In sic affynite kane 
dettit wes til uthire. 1536 BeLtenpEN Crom. Scot. (1821) 
I. 16 We ar dettit to you as faderis to thair childrin. 1590 
Suaxs. Com. Err. 1v. i. 31 Three odde Duckets more Then 
I stand debted to this Gentleman. 

Debtee (detz). [f. DeBr-orn +°-EE.] One to 
whom a debt is due: a creditor. 

1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. 1. xxix. (1638) 51 To ayposat the 
libertie and the judgement of Conscience. .to the debtee then 
to the debtor. a@ 1626 Bacon Max. § Uses Com. Law ix. 
(1636) 39 Where the debtor makes the debtee his executor. 
1800 Appison Amer. Law Ref. 111 The consideration or 
equivalent given by the debtee to the debtor. 

+ De‘btful, a. Ods. Chiefly Sc. Also 5 dette- 
full, 5-7 detful(l. [f. Desr sé. +-FUL.] 

1. Owed, bounden, due ; dutiful. 

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vu. viii. 13 The Kyng of Frawns 
Hys Lord be detful Alegeawns. a@1440 Found. St. Bar- 
tholomew's (E.E.T.S.) 54 Sum penyes, the whiche of a vowe 
were dettefull to the Chirche of seynt Barthylmewe. 1556 
Lauper 7vractate 176 And do 30w homage and reuerence, 
With all detfull Obedience 1621 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. 
Pref., The obligation, whereby they are bound for debtfull 
obedience. 

2. Indebted. 

1649 Lp. Foorp in M. P. Brown Supfé. Dec. 1. 434 That 
-. Patrick Keir..was debtful to him in greater sums. 

Hence + De‘btfully adv. Sc., duly, dutifully. 

c1425 WynToun Cron. vu. viii. 704 Thare charge thai dyd 
nocht detfully. 1478 Sc. Acts Fas. /// (1814) 123 (Jam.) 
That oure souuerain lord. .sal..execut detfully the panys of 
proscripcioun & tresoun aganis the saidis personis. 

Debtiless (de'tlés), a. [See -txss.] Free from, 
or clear of, debt. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Pro/, 582 To make him lyve by his propre 
good, In honour detteles, but if he were wood. 1570 E. 
Rosson in Durham Depositions (Surtees) 228 He is worth 
£30, debtless, of his own goods. 1590 SwinBuRNE 7es¢a- 
ments 103 pees to be paid out of the cleere debtlesse 
goods. 1766 G. Cannine Axti-Lucretius 1. 184 Debtless 
to power, but Fortune’s and it’s own. 1848 Zait’s Alag. 
276 America, free and debtless, was there before their eyes. 

Debtor (de‘ta1). Forms: a. 3 dettor, 3-5 
det(t)ur, 4-6 det(t)our, -or, 5 dettere, 6-7 
detter ; 8. 6-7 debter, 7-our,6--or. See also 
Desitor. [ME. det(t)ur, -our, a. OF. det(t)or, 
-ur, -our (later detteur, debteur):—-L. débitor-em, 
ace. of débitor (whence OF. aet(Z)re). In later 
OF. often artificially spelt with 4, after L. ; in Eng. 


the 4 was inserted between 1560 and 1668, being | 


first prevalent in legal documents, where it was 
probably assisted by the parallel form DEBITor. 
(The Bible of 1611 has detter, debter, each thrice : 
debtor twice, debtour once.)] 

1. One who owes or is indebted to another: a. 
One who owes money to one or more persons: cor- 
relative to creditor. 

cr1zgo S. Eng. Leg. 1. 465/117 An vsurer.. pat hadde 
dettores tweyne. 1387 TRevisa Higdex III. 189 (Miatz.), 
Pe dettoures my3te nou3t pay here money at here day. 1464 
Mann. & Househ. Exp. 102 Thomas Hoo is become detor 
to my sayd mastyre. 1535 CovERDALE 2 A7zugs iv. 1 Now 
commeth the man that he was detter vnto. 1568 GRAFTON 
Chron. II. 360 The Admyrall became debter to them all .. 
Suche summes of money as he was become debtor for. 1611 
Brste Luke xvi. 5 So he called euery one of his lords 
detters vnto him [so all 16th c. 2.3; Wyc.ir dettours]. 
| A A reop.(Arb.) 59 Dettors and delinquents may 
walk abroad withouta keeper. 1745 De Foe’s Eng. Trades- 


man Vv. (1841) I. 34 Acts of grace for the relief of insolvent | 


debtors. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. ut. 1, Pubsey & Co., 

are so strict with their debtors. 1875 Marne //ist. Just. ix. 

257 Execution against the person of a judgment debtor. 
One who owes an obligation or duty. 

@ 1225 Ancr. R.126 Louerd, we sigged forzif us ure dettes, 
al so ase we uorgiued to ure detturs. 1382 Wycuir Matt. 
vi. 12 For3eue to vs oure dettes as we forgeue to oure 
dettours [1388 -ouris, Coverp., Cranmer, X/em., detters, 
Geneva, 1611, debters]. — Rom. i. 14 To Grekis and bar- 
baryns..to wyse men and vnwyse men, I am dettour. 
@ 1535 More De guat. Nouiss. Wks. 91 To whom we be al 
dettours of death. 1593 Saks: Lucr. 1155 When life is 
sham’d, and death Reproches detter. c 1645 Howe. Lef/t. 
(1726) 10 Of joy ungrudg’d may each Day be a Debter. 
1653 WALTON Angler i. 38, I must be your Debtor. .for the 
rest of my promised discourse. @ 1677 Barrow Wks. (1716) 
II. 140 He being .. master of all things and debtour to none. 
1847 Tennyson Princ. 11. 334 Debtors for our lives to you. 

ec. Poor debtor (U.S.): One who, being im- 
lag in a civil action for debt, is, under the 
aws of several States, entitled to be discharged 
after a short period, on proof of poverty, etc. 

1831 W. L. Garrison in Liberator I, 28 The Poor Debtor. 

2. Book-keeping. Debtor (or Dr.) being written 
at the top of the left-hand or debit side of an ac- 
count is hence applied to this side of an account, or 
to what is entered there. 

{1543-1660 : see Desiror.] 1714 (¢é¢Ze), The Gentleman 
Accomptant or an Essay to Untold the Mystery of Ac- 
compts, by Way of Debtor and Creditor. 1745 [see CREDITOR 
2). 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 164/1 Exacting..equilibrium be- 
tween debtor and creditor in each entry. 

attrib, (1588: see Desitor.] 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 

9 Pr When I look upon the Debtor-side, I find such 
innumerable Articles, that I want Arithmetick to cast them 
up. 
one side, compared with. ,the creditor accounts on the other. 


1836 Penny Cycl. V. 164/1 All the debtor accounts on | 


DECA-. 


1866 C. W. Hoskyns Occas. Ess. 133 Every human right, 
however absolute and accredited, has its corresponding 
debtor-page of duty and obligation. 

3. attrib. and Comb., as debtor law, country; 
debtor side, etc. (see 2); debtor-like adj. 

1669 Drypen 7yran. Love v. i, Debtor-like, I dare not 
meet youreyes. 1810 MIncHIN (¢7t/e), A Treatise on the 
Defects of the Debtor and Creditor Laws. 1881 H. H. 
Gisss Double Stand. 68 The debtor country..will pay its 
debts in Silver. 

Hence De‘btorship. 

1798 H. T. Cotesrooke tr. Digest Hindu Law (1801) I. 7 
The debtorship of others than women, or the like. 1859 
G. Merepita X, Feverel I. ix. 173 Without incurring further 
debtorship. é : 

+Debu'ccinate, v. Ods.—° [f. L. débuccindre 
to trumpet forth (Tertull.), prop. dedicinare, f. de- 
(Dr- I. 3) + dcicinare to trumpet.] ‘To report 
abroad’ (Cockeram 1623).° 

+ Debu'lliate, v. Ods.—° [Improperly f. de- 
(De- I. 1) +L. bedlire to boil. Cf. F. débouillir.} 
‘To bubble or seeth over’ (BLouNT 1656). 

+ Debullittion. Oés. [n. of action f. L. *ae- 
bullive: see prec.) A bubbling or boiling over. 

1727 in Battey vol. II. 1730-6—(folio). Whence in Joun- 
son, AsH and mod. Dicts. 

+Debu'rse, v. Ols. Sc. Also 6 deburs, -burce, 
7 debourse. [a. F. débourse-r, in OF. desbourser, 
f. des- :—L, dis- (see DE- I. 6) + dourse:—late pop. 
L. bursa purse.] To pay out, DisBuRSE. 

1529 W. FRANKELEYN in Fiddes Wolsey u. (1726) 167 Your 
grace shuld not deburce owt of your coffers very myche 
monye. 1561 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 286 
Suche. .somes as they shall deburse. c¢c1610 Sir J. Metvit 
Mem, 318. 1705 Kirk-Session Rec. in Sc. Leader 22 June 
1888 Debursed upon thatching the schoolhouse €11 3s. qd. 

Hence Debu'rsing v/. sb. =next. 

1598 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 179 (Jam.) Necessar debur- 
singis in thair hienes..maist honorabill effairis. 

+Debu'rsement. Oés. Sc. [a. F. débourse- 
ment, f. débourser: see prec.] = DISBURSEMENT. 

1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 153 Provyding alwayes 
his debursements exceed not 400 merks. 1689 R. Sincrair 
in Leisure Hour (1883) 205/1 Accompt of debursements for 
my son Jhon. ; 

Debusscope (debiskoup), [f. the name of 
the inventor M. Debus + -scopE, after Aalecdoscope.] 
An optical contrivance consisting of two mirrors 
placed at an angle of 72°, so as to give four reflec- 
tions of an object or figure placed between them and 
form composite figures for purposes of decorative 
design, etc. 

1862 Timps Vear-Bh. of Facts 144 M. Debus has invented 
this new form of kaleidoscope. The debusscope may be made 
of any size. c1865 J. Wytpe in Circ. Sc. I. 43/1 In the 
Debusscope, any object placed between the mirrors is multi- 
plied, soas to present a fourfold appearance. 

|| Début (debs). [F. vbl. sb., f. débuter to make 
the first stroke in billiards, etc., lead off: see Littré 
and Hatzfeld.] Entry into society; first appearance 
in public of an actor, actress, or other performer. 

1751 Cuesterr. Lett. ccxxxviii. (1792) III. 88, I find that 
your début at Paris has been a good one. 1806 Byron 
Occas. Prol.15 To-night you throng to witness the début 
Of embryo actors, to the Drama new. 1837 Lp. Beacons- 
FIELD in Corr, w. Sister (1886) 78, I state at once that my 
début [in House of Comm.] was a failure. 

So Début(e v. (cf. F. débuter], to make one’s 
début ; to ‘come out’. 

1830 Fraser's Mag. II. 52 He debuted at Naples, about 
five years ago, and ‘has since performed .. in the principal 
theatres of Italy. 1885 F. ArtHur Cofarceners v. 69 The 
moment..is..a proud one for the debuting youth. 1889 
Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 6/1 When a popular actor’s son 
*débuts’ with a flourish of trumpets. 

Débutant (debsitan). LI. pr. pple. of débuter: 
see prec.] A male performer or speaker making 
his first appearance before the public. So Débu- 
tante (-tait) [F. fem. of the same], a female appear- 
ing for the first time before the public or in society. 

1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. I. 282 The character was favour- 
able toa debutant. 1826 Disraru Viv. Grey iv. i, Under 
different circumstances from those which ere attend 
most political debutants. 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII. 343/1 
Gentlemen are apt to dismiss all serious thoughts in address- 
ing a very young débutante, 

ebylite, -yte: see DEBILITE. 

Debylle, obs. form of DIBBLE. 

Debyte, -tie, -ty, -tous: see Desire, etc. 

Dee. Abbrev. of DEcEMBER; in A/ustc of DrE- 
CRESCENDO; in AZed, of L. decoctunt (=decoction). 

Deca-, dec-, Gr. dexa- ten, an initial element 
in numerous technical words: see below. Also 

1. Decaca‘nthous a. [Gr. dxava thorn], having 
ten spines (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882). Deca-ca'rbon 
a. Chem. in decacarbon series, the series of hydro- 
carbon compounds containing C,,, as decane, decene, 
decine, decyl, q.v. || Decarcera sb. pl. Zool. (Gr. 
xépas, kepat- horn], a name proposed by some natu- 
ralists for the ten-armed cephalopods, otherwise 
called Decapoda. Deca‘cerate (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882), 
Deca‘cerous a., ten-horned, pertaining to the De- 
cacera. Decada‘ctylous a. Zoo/., having ten rays or 
fingers (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Decadi‘anome JZath. [Gr. 

11*-2 


DECACHINNATE. 


davopy distribution, DiANoMe], a quartic surface 
(dianome) having ten conical points. De*cafid a. 
[L. -fidus -cleft] = Decemrm (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
De'calet sonce-wd. [after triplet], a stanza of ten 
lines. Deca‘lobate a. Nn AoBds lobe], ten-lobed. 
Deca‘merous a. [ Gr. pépos part], consisting of ten 
parts or divisions, decempartite (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
Deca'meter once-wa. (Gr. wérpov measure], a 
verse consisting of ten metrical feet. Deca'ngular 
a. (L. angulus, corner], having ten angles = DEca- 
GONAL. Deca‘ntherous a. Bot. [ ANTHER], having 
ten anthers. Decapartite a. =decempartite: see 
DEcEM-. Decape'talous a. Sot. [PeTat], having 
ten petals (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Decaphy‘llous 
a. Bot. (Gr. vAdov leaf], ten-leaved. Decap- 
tery'gious a. Ichth. [mrepiyov fin], having ten 
fins ; so Decaptery’gian @.and sb. Decase’mic 
(-st*mik) a. [cf. the Gr. comp. tecoapeoxadena- 
onpos, f. ofa mark, sign], consisting of ten units 
of metrical measurement as a ‘ decasemic colon’. 
Decase‘palous a. Zot. [SEPAL], having ten sepals. 
Decaspe'rmal, -spe‘rmous a. Hot. |Gr. onéppa 
seed], having ten seeds. 

1874 Satmon Axalyt. Geom. Three Dim. (ed. 3) 507 Deca- 
dianome. 1861 Bentiey Man. Bot. iv. § 4. 274 A flower 
with Ten carpels or Ten styles is Decagynous. 1882 VINES 
Sachs's Bot. 654 Whorls dimerous to octamerous..or penta- 
merous and decamerous. 1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 387 They 
might have i eee as decameters, had that structure of 
verse pleased the eyes of the compositor. 18.. Lee (cited 
by Webster 1828), Decangular. 1 Sir G. Scorr Lect. 
Archit. I. 197 The vaulting, having its sides divided.. 
making in all a decapartite vault. 1 Martyn Lang. 
Bot. s.v., Decaphyllus calyx, a decaphyllous or ten-leaved 
calyx; as in Hzdiscus. 1847 Craic, Decapterygians, a 
name given by Schneider to an artificial division of fishes, 
including such as have ten fins. /bid., Decaspermal, 
Decaspermous, containing ten seeds, as the berry of Psz- 
dium decasperimum. 

2. esp. in the nomenclature of the French metric 
system, the initial element in names of measures 
and weights, composed of ten times the standard 
unit of the series in question. (Cf. Dect-.) Hence, 
De‘cagramme, -gram (F. décagramme), the 
weight of 10 grammes (=154-32349 troy grains, 
or -353 0z. avoird.). De‘calitre (de*kal7ta1), [F. 
déca-|, a measure of capacity, containing 10 litres 
( =610-28 cubic inches, or a little over 2} gallons). 
Decametre (-de‘kamita1), [F. déca-], a lineal 
measure of Io metres ( = 32 ft.9-7079 inches Eng. . 
Decastere (de‘kastie1), [F. décastére],a solid mea- 
sure = Io steres or cubic metres. 
(obs.), a measure of 10 ares= 1000 square metres. 

1810 Naval Chron. XXIV. 301-2. [Has decagram, deca- 
littre, decameter, decay.) 1828 J.M. Spearman Brit, Gunner 
(ed. 2) 417 Decametre signifies ten metres. /bid. 419 Kiliare 
.. Hectare.. Decare. 1860 Ad/ Year Round No. 69. 448 
A decalitre .. would contain a hundred thousand grains [of 
wheat]. 1 Daily News 10 Dec. 3/3 He then brought up 
the dose of lymph to two decagrammes, a potent one, 

+ Deca‘chinnate, v. Obs.—° [f. L. décachin- 
nare (Tertull.) to deride (Dx- I. 4).] ‘To scorn’ 
(Cockeram, 1623). 

Decachord (dekakpid), a. and sé. Also 6 
-corde. [ad. L. decachord-us, -um, a. Gr. 5exd- 
xopd-os, -ov, ten-stringed, f. déxa + -xopdn string.] 

A. adj. Ten-stringed (cf. Ps. xxxii. 2 év Yadrn- 
pi Bexaxdpsw). B. sé. A musical instrument with 
ten strings. 

c1525 SkELton Reflyc. 340 Dauid, our poete, harped.. 
meledtoush ..in his decacorde psautry. 1555 ‘Abr. PARKER 
Ps. (1556) Aij, In Lute and Harpe rejoyce to sing, Syng 
Psalmes in decachorde. 1609 DouLann Ornith. Microl. 23 
It is called a Monochord, because it hath but one string, as 
..a Decachord which hath tenne. 1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. 
Wks. 1684 IV. 1.91 Dechacord or instrument of ten strings. 
Jbid., On a dechachord Psaltery. 1858 Neate Bernard de 
M. 33 Whose everlasting music Is the glorious decachord. 

a Decacho on. Oés. (In 7 -cordon.) [a. 
Gr, 5exaxopdov: see prec.] =prec. B. Also fig. 

1602 W. Watson (tit/e), Decacordon of Ten Quodlibeticall 
gy? concerning Religion and State. 1613 R. C. 
Table Alph., Decacordon, an instrument with tenne strings. 

+ Decacu'minate, v. Ols.-° [f. L. déacii- 
minare to deprive of the top (De- I. 6).] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Decacuminate, to take off the 
top of any thing. 1727 Baiey vol. II, Decacuminated, 
having the Tore lopped off. (So in J, and mod. Dicts.) 

Decad ‘ ‘kad). [ad. Gr. dexds, dexad-, col- 
lective sb. from 5éxa ten.] 

1. The number ten (the perfect number of the 
Pythagoreans). 

1616 in Buttokar. Stantey Hist. Philos, (1701 
379/2 The Decad comprehends every Reason of Number,an 
every Proportion. 1865 Grote Plato I. i.11 The Dekad, the 
full and perfect number. 88x tr. Ze//er’s Presocratic Phil. 
I. 427 All numbers and all powers of numbers apy to 
them [the Pythagoreans] to be comprehended in the decad. 

2. Music. A group of ten notes out of which may 
be formed the consonant triads, and all the discords 
possible without a modulation, 

1875 A. J. Extis tr. Helutholts 663 Decad. 

3. An earlier spelling of Decang, q.v. 


Also + Decare 


84. 


Decadactylous: see eg I. 

Decadal (dekadal), a. [f. L. decas, decad-em, 
a. Gr. dexds, dexd5-a DecapE + -aL.] Of or re- 
lating to the number ten; belonging to a decade or 
period of ten years. 

1 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Arithmetic, Decadal 
Arithmetic, that performed by the nine figures and a Cypher. 
1881 M. L. Knarv Disasters 45 The decadal of 
epidemics has been noticed. 

c . Gr. Hist. [ad. Gr. dexadapy-os, 
f, Sexad-a Decapu + dpxés chief.] A commander 
of ten, a decurion. 

1794 T. Taytor tr. Pausanias 111. 16 The Decadarchs, or 
governors of companies consisting each of ten men. 

k , deka-. Gr. Hist. [ad. Gr. 
dexadapxia: see prec.) Aruling body of ten. Cf. 
DECARCHY. 

1849 Grote Greece 1. Ixv. V. 547 He constituted an 
oligarchy of ten native citizens, chosen from among his— 
partisans, and called a Dekarchy, or Dekadarchy. 1852 
Lbid. 1. \xxvii. X. 137 The oppressions exercised by the 
Spartan harmosts and the deka hies. 

ec: (dekadéri), a. [f. L. decad-em De- 
CADE + -ARY, after F. décadaire.] Relating to a 
decade or period of ten days (in the French Re- 
publican calendar of 1793). 

1801 Dupré Neolog. Fr. Dict. 71 Décadaire .. A decadary 
festival dedicated to the Eternal. 1823 Soutney in Q. Rev. 
XXVIII. 508 For the purpose of giving a religious character 
to the Decadary fétes. 1876 G. F. CHamBers Astron. 454 
The whole of the decadary days were kept, or ordered to be 
kept, as secular festivals. 

ecada‘tion. Music. [f. DecaAD 2 + -aATION.] 
The process of converting one decad into another in 
order to obtain a new series of consonant triads, etc. 

1875 A. J. Erxis tr. Helmholtz 665 This change of one 
decad into another is called decadation. 

Decade (deked). Also 7-9 decad. [a. F. 
decade (14th c. in Littré), ad. L. decas, decad-em, 
a. Gr. dexas, Sexada, a group of ten, f. dé*a ten. 
Cf. Decap.] 

1. An assemblage, group, set, or series of ten. 

1594 PLat Jewedl-ho. 111. 81 Your subiectes must consist 
of Decades, whereof the first is a man, and the fifth a woman. 
1612 R. SHELDON Serm. St. Martin's 41 Of which some 
bring into this Kingdome Decades of thousands. 1679 T. 
Pierce (title), A decad of Caveats to the people of England. 
1725 Pore Odyss. xvi. 265 Can we engage, not decads, but 
an host? 1830 Gopwin Cloudes/ey ILI. xv. 298 His prisoners 
were divided into two decads, 1830 D'Israeu Chas. /, III. 
xiv. 301 In two hours, our fervid innovator drew up that 
decade of propositions. 1872 O. SuipLey Gloss. Eccl. Terms 
s.v. Beads 61 The practice of saying fifteen decades of the 
Ave Maria, with one Our Father after each decade, was 
invented by St. Dominic, ; 

2. spec. Short for ‘decade of years’; a period of 
ten years. 

1605 T. Hutton Reasons for Refusal 121 So many tens 
or decads of yeares. 1709 J. Parmer Latter Day Glory 
112 That Decad of Years in which the Empire ceased. 1869 
Raw inson Anc. Hist. 296 The war..might still have con- 
tinued for another decade of years. : 

¢16s5 T. Ducarp in S. Ashe Fun, Serm. (1655) 71 His 
smoother brow .. made me hope that He might raise eight 
Decads toa Century. 1837 Hatiam Hist. Lit. I. i. § 19 In 
the second decad of the rath Cent. 1864 TENNyson Aylmer’s 
F. 82 Since Averill was a decad and a half His elder. 1878 
Downen Stud. Lit. 1 The last decade of that century. 

b. A period of ten days, substituted for the week 
in the French Republican calendar of 1793. 

1798 Anti-Facobin in Spirit Public Frnis. (1799) 11. 43 In 
the course of the next decade I shall sail to the canal which 
is now cutting across the Isthmus of Suez. 1801 Durrté 
Neolog. Fr, Dict. 71 Three decades make a month of thirty 


days. 

3. A division of a literary work, containing ten 
books or parts; as the decades of Livy. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 53 1 rede in the Romayns stories of 
Titus Livius, in the e of the first decade. 1555 Even 
(title), The Decades of the newe worlde or West India. 
1594 (fi¢/e), Diana: or the excellent conceitful Sonnets of 

. Cfonstable] .. Deuided into be Decads. 1651 Watton 
Relig. Wotton. (1672) 46 "Tis the first Epistle in his Printed 
Decads. 1 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn, France 1. 394 He was 
a blockhead, and burned Livy’s decads. ee MAcauLay 
Ranke Ess, 1851 11. 139 It is now as hopelessly lost as the 
second decade of Livy. 1882 Eucycl. Brit. XIV. 726/1 
(Livy), The division into decades is certainly not due to the 
author himself, and is first heard of at the end of the sth 


century. 

4. Comb. +decade-day = Drcapi; decade- 
ring, a finger-ring having ten projections or knobs 
for counting the repetition of so many Aves. 

1998 Anti-Facobin in Spir. Public Frnis. (1799) Il. 1 
win father had been keeping his ‘Dcadends 4 he calls 
it (for we had no Sundays now, though we did no work). 
1861 C. W. Kinc Ant. Gems (1866) 296 The decade rings 
of medieval times .. are readily known by their having ten 
projections like short cogs on their circumference, represent- 
“> many Aves, whilst the round head, engraved with 

* f 


., stands for the Pater Noster. 
§ d, v. Sc. Obs. [ad. L. dé 
cad-dre Deas] ES fall down, fail. 


15.. Aberdeen Reg. (Jamieson). 

Decadence (deksdens, drkz'-déns). In 6-7 
Sc. decadens. [a. F. décadence (1413 in Hatzf.), 
ad. med.L, decadentia, Sp., Pg. decadéncia, It. de- 
cadenza ‘a declyning, a decaying’ (Florio), f. de- 


| cadére to decay, f. de- down + cadére to fall (the 


| dirtiest soil that could be selected by 


| of the decadency of an a 
ong 


SS EE ee ee 


DECADIST. 


Comm. Romanic 2 of L. cadére to fall ; cf. Sp: 
caer, ¥. chéoir). The prevalent accentuation has 
been decadence, perh. after decay (see the dic- 
tionaries) ; itsaace is now considered more 
scholarly. ] 

The process of falling away or declining (from a 
prior state of excellence, vitality, prosperity, etc.) ; 
decay; impaired or deteriorated condition. 

1549 a Scot. vii. 71 My triumph stait is 
bit in, ns. 1623 Favine Theat. Hou, 1, xii. 177 Fore- 
warning of the entire decadence of the Kingdom. «1649 
Drumm. or Hawtn. Poems 185 Doth in Decadens fall an 


slack remaine. ar Nortu Zxam. 1. v. § 144 (1740) 406 
The Decadence of all the Good he had or could 
hope for, in the World. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W. xl, Every 


day produces some pathetic exclamation upon the decadence 
of taste and genins. 1815 Scotr Guy M. ii, The old castle, 
where the family lived in their decadence. 1847 Lp. Linpsay 
Chr. Art 1. 114 The eleventh century, commonly con- 
sidered as marking the lowest decadence of Byzantine art. 
1871 J. B. Mayor in ¥rni. Philol. 111. 348 ‘ Decadence’ 
seems to have made little way in Eng until the last 
quarter of a century, when. .it came into fashion, a ently 
to denote decline, and connote a scientific and enlightened 
view of that decline on the part of the user. 

b. spec. Applied to a particular period of de- 
cline in art, literature, etc. 

e.g. the Silver Age of Latin literature (chiefly a French 
renting Art, the period subsequent to Raphael and Michael 

ngelo. 

1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna Introd. (1857) 73 The 
roe of art belongs to the decadence. 1874 StusBs Const. 

ist. ILI. xxi. 615 The men of the decadence, not less than 
the men of the renaissance, were giants of learning. 

e. Zt. Falling down, falling off. monce-use. 

1812 Sir R. Witson Diary I. 136, I fell to the ground in the 
a man in a state of 
decadence. 1884 Birm. Weekly Post 15 Nov. 1/4 This 
process is said to prevent the decadence of the hair. 

Decadency (de‘kadénsi, d/ké'-dénsi). Also 
7 decaydency. [f. as prec. with suffix -ENcY.] 
pees condition ; also = prec. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 132 The infirmitie 
and decadency of the King. 1685 F. Spence House of 
Medici 239 During the decaydency and restauration of the 
Roman empire. 1777 A/isc. in Ann. Reg. 189/2 The causes 
i 1779 SwinsuRNE 77av. 
Spain xliv. (T.), Burgos .. since abandoned by its 
and decadency. 1812 W. Taytor in 
IV. 14 Ofa verous man the decay, 


princes to = 
Monthly Mag. XX 


| of a paralytic man the decadency, is sensible. 1844 Fr ‘5 
Mag. XX 


IX. 313 He enumerated all the causes of the 
Spanish decadency. 

Decadent (dekadént, d?ké-dént), z. [f. Dr- 
CADENCE: see -ENT. So mod.F. décadent (Hatzf.).] 

1. That is in a state of decay or decline; falling 
off or deteriorating from a prior condition of ex- 
cellence, vitality, prosperity, etc. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 1. 1.1i, Those decadent ages in 
which no Ideal either grows or blossoms? 1 Bracke 
Lays Highi. Introd. 50 A grey, old town with an air of 
—- ree ome — = x La ne yo 
in Mag. of Art Sept. 477/1 To establish in his kingdom 
the already decadent ent wodecs art of Italy. 

|| 2. Said of a French school which affects to 
belong to an age of decadence in literature and 
art. ence sb, A member of this fraternity. 

[1885 Figaro 22 Sept., Le décadent n'a pas d’idées. II n’en 
— Il aime mieux les mots. .C’est au lecteur & com- 
prendre et 


refuse généralement. 


written in a style occ; lly a little decadent and over- 
elaborate. 1890 Jéid. 22 Nov. 602/2 The very noisy and 
motley crew of nger writers in France .. naturalists, 
decadents, scientific critics, and what not. Daily 
News 8 Nov. 5/2 A wonderful pes ts rench, 
in a queer new style, as if ’s Limousin had been 


reborn, with a fi manner of being unintelligible. 

Hence De'cadently adv. 

1892 Sat. Rev. 23 Apr. 492/2 It is very prettily and de- 
cadently written. 

Decadescent (dekaide'sént), a. nonce-wd. [f 
assumed L. type decadescere, inceptive from med.L, 
or Romanic decadére: see DECADENCE and -ESCENT.] 

inning or tending to decay. 
National Rev. 351 Those perils of matrimony 
over which decadescent virgins sigh so affectingly. 


|| Décadi. [Fr.: f. Gr. 5éea ten + -dé day in 
Lundi, etc. e tenth day of the ‘decade’ in 
the French Republican calendar, superseding Sun- 
day as a day of rest. 


1795 Burke Let. to W. Eliiot Wks. VII. 358 i 
tho Balvinistick sabbath, and establishing the decadi 
atheism in all his states. 180x H, M. Wittiams S&é, Fr, 
fee L. xxii. 323 The fossé, formed into a walk, furnishes a 

to the villagers on the decadi. 

Decadianome: see Deca- prefix. 

Decadic (dikedik), a. [a. Gr. dexadseds, 
f. Gr. dexad- (see DECADE) + -I0.] Belonging to 
the vpeac rh counting be fend | pang ya 

A Logic ) ‘¢ select 

Gas decade & tases ion. 9 Chin Philos. 
Kant ui. vi. 293 The decadic 

5 July 7/3 The reduction of a 
(de"kadist). vave.—°? 

DercabDE + -I8T.] One who writes in 

1674 Biount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Decadist, aWriter of Decads, 
such was Titus Livius. 


f. Gr. dexad- 


DECADRACHM. 


Decadrachm, deka- (dekadrem). Meumism. 
[f. Gr. dexddpaxpos of the value of ten drachme, f. 
Séxa ten + Spaxyy DRAcHMA.] An ancient Greek 
silver coin of the value of 10 drachmas. 

1856 Sat. Rev. II. 735/1 Pre-eminent amongst them was 
a decadrachm of Syracuse. 

Decesarize, etc.: see Dx- II. r. 

Decafid: see Drca- prefix 1. 

Decagon (de'kaggn). Geom. [ad. med.L. de- 
cagonum sb., -us adj., a. Gr. dexdywvor, -os, f. Gr. 
8éxa. ten, and yowvia corner or angle, -ywvos angled. 
Used at first in Latin form. Cf. F. décagone, 1652 
in Hatzfeld.] A plane figure having ten sides and 
ten angles. Also attrtd. 

{1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. xxv. Hh iij b, The superficies of 
an equiangle Decagorfum.] 1613-39 I. Jones in Leoni 
Palladio’s Archit. (1742) 11. 46 A Circle without and De- 
cagon within. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v., If they are 
all equal to one another ’tis then called a Regular Decagon, 
and it may be inscribed ina Circle. 1838 Wurray’s Handbh. 
N. Germ. 226 The circular portion, or rather the decagon, 
was not finished till 1227. 1881 7vans. Victoria Inst. XIV. 
195, I discovered a perfect decagon terra cotta cylinder. 

Decagonal (dikegénal), a. [f. med.L. de- 
cagon-um +-Au.] Of or pertaining to a decagon ; 
of the form of a decagon ; ten-sided. 

1571 Dicces Pantom. 1v. ix. Yj b, The decagonall corde 
of that circle wheron Icosaedron is framed. 1717 BERKELEY 
Tour in Italy Wks. 1871 1V. 526 What remains is a deca- 

onal building. 1879 Sir G. Scorr Lect. Archit. I. 235 

ts surrounding wall is not circular, but decagonal. 

Decagram : see DEca- prefix 2. 

Deca: ous (dikz-dzinas), a. Bot. [f. mod. 
Bot.L. decagyn-us, f. Gr. 5éka ten + yur? woman, 
female, taken by Linnzeus in sense of ‘ female organ, 
pistil’.] Having ten pistils. 

So Decagy‘nia, a name for an order of plants 
having ten pistils, in a class of the Linnzean Sexual 
System, as class Decandria, order Decagynia, genus 
Phytolacca: see Linnzeus Spec. Plant. ed. 1, 1753, 
Colin Milne Bot. Dict. 1770. 

Decahedral (dekajh7-dral), a. [f. next + -au.] 
Having the form of a decahedron; ten-sided. 

1811 Pinkerton Petrad. I. 494 Prismatic decahedral selen- 
ite, produced by the elongated octahedron. 


Decahedron (dekajh7drgn). Geom. [Repre- 
senting a Gr. *Sexdedpov, neuter of *5exdedpos, on 
the model of éfdedpos, f. 5éxa ten + é5pa seat, base. 
Cf. F. decaédre, Hauy 1801.] A solid figure having 
ten faces. 1828 in WessTER. 

Decaid: see DECADE vz. (Sc.). 

Decairt, var. of DEcartT Sc. Ods., to discard. 


Decalcation (dzkxlké-fon).  [f. L. dé- down 
(Dr- I. 1) + calcdre to tread, to trample: see 
-ATION.] A treading or trampling down or hard. 

1827 Stevart Planter’s G. (1828) 294 When it will bear 
the workmen’s feet, it is ultimately finished, by a complete 
decalcation of the surface. 

Decaleify (dike'lsifoi), v. [f. Dx- Il. 1 + 
Catoiry.] ‘vans. To deprive (e.g. bone) of its 
lime or calcareous matter. Hence Deca‘lcified 
ppl.a.; Deca‘leifying vd/. sb. ; Decalcifica‘tion, 
the action of decalcifying. 

1847-9 Topp Cycl Anat. IV. 564/1 No vestige of them can 
be traced in the decalcified shell. 1859 /d7d. V. 487/2 Decal- 
cification brings to light no endoplasts in the ‘cells’. 1859 
J. Tomes Dental Surg. (1873) 297 Decalcifying a tooth by 
the aid of a dilute mineral acid. 1875 Darwin Jusectiv. Pi. 
vi. 105 The normal appearance of decalcified bone. 

Decalcoma‘nia. Often in Fr. form. [ad. 
mod.F. décalcomanie, f. décalguer to transfer a 
tracing + -manze mania, craze.] A process or art 
of transferring pictures from a specially prepared 
paper to surfaces of glass, porcelain, etc., much in 
vogue about 1862-4. Also a/trib. 

1864 The Queen 27 Feb. 164 There are few employments 
for leisure hours which for the past eighteen months have 
proved either so fashionable or fascinating as decalcomanie. 
1865 Morn, Star 25 Aug., The potichomania .. assumed a 
still more virulent craze when decalcomania was ushered 
into the world. 1869 Eng. Mech. 12 Nov. 215/1 Gilded 
scroll-work can be made to show through plain glass by the 
Decalcomanie process. 

Decalcoma‘niac, one who practises this process. 


1866 Miss Brappon Lady's Mile 116 The most timid of 
the décalcomaniacs. 


Decalet, litre, -lobate : see Drca- 1, 2. 

Decalogist (déke'lédzist). rare. [f. L. deca- 
ogus DECALOGUE + -IST.] One who expounds the 
decalogue or Ten Commandments. 

1650 Gregory's Posthuma Life 3 M' Dod the Decalogist. 
1738 Neat Hist. Pyrit. 1V. 452. 1889 A. H. DryspaLe 
Hist. Presbyt. Eng. tt. v. 241 John Dod (surnamed the De- 
calogist, from his book on the Ten Commandments). 

Decalogue (de‘kalgg). [a. F. décalogue (15th 
c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. decalog-us (Tertullian), a. Gr. 
dexddoyos (orig. adj. 7 dexddAoyos, sc. BiBAos), in 
Clemens Alexand., etc., from the phrase of déca 
Adyor the ten commandments, in LXX, Philo, etc. 
In Wyclif, prob. directly from Latin: cf. quot. 1563. 

The word occurs repeatedly in the Latin version of Irenzeus 
adv. Heres. ; and was probably in the Greek original.] 


85 


The Ten Commandments collectively as a body 
of law. 

1382 Wyciir Row. Prol. 299 The noumbre of the firste 
maundementus of the decaloge. 1563 Man Muscudus’ Com- 
monpl. 34a, The preceptes of the Decalogus bee called, the 
tenne wordes. 1642 Howewt Yor. Trav. (Arb.) 84 They be- 
leeve the Decalog of Moses. 1670 J. Goopwin Filled with 
the Spirit To Rdr. A iij a, The Second Table of the Deca- 
logue or Ten Commandments. 1755 Younc Centauri, Wks. 
1757 IV. 111 Both the tables of the decalogue are broken. 
1847 H. Mitter First Jmpr, iv. (1857) 55 The great geologic 
register, graven, like the decalogue of old, on tables of stone. 

transf. a 1649 Drum. or Hawn. Skiamachia Wks. (1711) 
199 O new and ever till now concealed decalogue! a@ 1861 
CLoucu Poems (title), The Latest Decalogue. 

+ Decalva‘tion. Ods.  [n. of action f. L. - 
caluére to make bald, f. d- (Dx- I. 3) + ca/vus 
bald.] A making bald by removal of hair. 

1650 Butwer Anthrofomet. 48 All those wayes of Decalva- 
tion practised by the Ancients. 1737 L. CLarke ///st. 
Bible (1740) I. vi, For Decalvation, or leaving any part 
where hair grew, bald, was one great offence. 

Decalvinize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Decamalee = DikaMa_i, an Indian gum. 

Decameron (d/ke'mérgn). [a. It. Decamerone, 
f. Gr. S€xa ten + pépa day, after Hexdmeron, 
medizeval corruption of Hexahemeron or Hexaé- 
meron, Gr. &anpepov. The Greek form would be 


, 5exhpepov or Sexanpepov.] The title of a work by 


Boccaccio containing a hundred tales which are 
supposed to be related in ten days; used allusively 
by Ben Jonson, Hence Decamero:nie a., char- 
acteristic of or resembling Boccaccio’s work. 

1609 B. Jonson S72, Wor. 1. iii, Cler. When were you 
there? Daz. Last night: and sucha Decameron of sport 
fallen out ! Boccace never thought of the like. 

Decamerous, Decametre: see DrcA- 1, 2. 

Decamp (déke'mp), v7. [a. F. éécamper, earlier 
descamper (Cotgr. 1611); f. des-, dé- (see DE- I. 6) 
+camp. Cf. It. scampare = discampare, DISCAMP.] 

1. cnztr. (Mil.) To break up a camp ; to remove 
from a place of encampment. Hence, said of other 
bodies or parties leaving a camping-place. 

1676 [see b]. 1678 Puituirs, 70 Decamp, a term now grown 
much into use in Military Affairs, and signifies to rise from 
the present place of Incampment, in order to a removing and 
incamping in another place. 1692 Siege Lymerick 2 Here we 
incamp’d, and lay till the 14th, on which day we decamp’d. 
1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 312 ‘The Spaniards’ 
gentleman caused them to decamp, and march two days 
further into the mountains, and then they encamped again. 
1803 WELLINGTON in Owen Desf. 408 We found on our arrival 
that the armies of both chiefs had decamped. 1868 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 290 The Count and his host had 
decamped. : 

b. Const. from, etc. 

1676 Row Suppl. Blair's Autobiog. x. (1848) 161 ‘That 
powder had been laid there the year before, when the army 
decamped from Dunse-law. 1695 Biackmore P77. Arth. 
v1. 429 Decamping thence, his arm’d Battalions gain. .the 
fertile Plain. 1836 W. Irvine Astoria III. 97 They were fain 
to decamp from their inhospitable bivouac before the dawn. 

2. To go away promptly or suddenly ; to make 
off at once, take oneself off: often said of crimi- 
nals and persons eluding the officers of the law. 

ae Smottetr Per. Pic. civ, He ordered them [servants] 
to decamp without further preparation. 1764 STERNE in 
‘Traill Zzfe 87 Christmas, at which time I decamp from hence 
and fix my head-quarters at London. 1792 Gentl. Mag. 
17/2 Probably the rascal is decamped; and where is your 
remedy? 1828 D’Israeti Chas. /, I. iv. 76 An idle report 
that Prince Charles designed to decamp secretly from Spain. 
1885 Manch. Exam. 29 June 5/2 The murderer had de- 
camped, and taken with him 2,000 francs. 
jg. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 1x. 
iii, Finding, as you sit down to an excellent dinner, that your 
appetite has secretly decamped. 1871 Rossetti Poewis, 
Pad 310 So on the wings of day decamps My last night’s 

rolic. 

+3. trans. To cause to break up a camp. rave. 

1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. v. 120 The next day decampt his 
whole Army and followed them. 1733 MILLNER Comfend. 
Frnl, 202 The Duke decamp'd our Army from Nivelle. 

q 4. catachr. To camp. Obs. 

1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 42 They .. being beaten from 
their Works near the City, had decamped Seven Miles off 
St. Thomas. 1745 Pococke Descr. East II. n. 1. 120 It 
leads to a plain spot on the side of the hill where the Urukes 
were decamping. 

Hence Deca‘mped ///. a., Deca‘mping v4/. sé. 

1689 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 567 We have the con- 
firmation of the decamping of the Irish from before Derry. 
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) II. 780/1 Caesar hoped, by 
his frequent Spang be to provide better for his troops. 
1887 Pall Mail G. 14 Nov. 12/1 To inquire into the doings 
of the decamped bankrupt .. and his associates. 

Deca‘mpment, s/. [a. F. déécampement (16th 
c.), f. décamper : see prec. and -MENT.] The action 
of decamping; the raising of a camp; a prompt 
departure. 

1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), D. ip ta D pi 
or Marching off. 1 eA Compend. Frnl. 300 
Both Armies maa ieee their several Decampments 
Rightward. 1736 Exiza Srancey tr. Hist, Pr. Titi 122 
Having by some few Decampments .. drawn Ginguet’s 
Army into a spacious Plain, 1751 SMottetr Per. Pic. (1779) 
IV. xc. 86 In q of this decamp , the borrower 
had withdrawn himself. 1809 W. Irvine Knicherd. (1861) 
259 The vigil: Peter, p ing that a moment’s delay 
were fatal, made a secret and precipitate decampment. 


DECANT. 


Decan (de‘kan). Also 5-6 decane. 
decanus, Gr. dexavds 3 cf. DEAN.] 

+1. A chief or ruler of ten. Ods. 

1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agrippa’s Van. Artes 130a, Moses did 
then appoint them .. Centurians, Quinquagenarians and 
Decans. 

2. Astrol. The chief or ruler of ten parts, or ten 
degrees, of a zodiacal sign; also this division 
itself. Cf. DEcANaATE |, : 

(1588 J. Harvey Discours. Probl. 103 The great Coniunc- 
tion of Saturne and Iupiter in the last Decane of Pisces. 
1651 J. F[REAKE] Agriffa’s Occ. Philos. 391 Angels who 
might rule the signs, triplicities, decans, quinaries, degrees 
and stars. 1678 Cupwortn /ztedl. Syst. 1. iv. 317 (transl. 
Porphyrius) Such of the Egyptians as talk of no other Gods 
but the planets .. their decans, and horoscopes, and robust 
princes, as they call them, 1812 Bucnan in Singer //is¢. 
Cards 361 Each of these signs is divided into three decans 
or thirty degrees. 
=Dean 1. Obs. 

1432-50 tr. /7Zgden (Rolls) VII. 477 Symon .. decan [1387 
Trevisa deen]in the same churche. 1496 Wil/ of Hawarden 
(Somerset Ho.), Decane of the Arches. 1538 LeLanp //7i2. 
II. 40 Walingford .. There is also a Collegiate Chapel .. 
‘There is a Decane, 4 Prestes, 6 Clerkes, and 4 Choristers. 

Decanal (dikéi-nal), a. [f. L. decan-us DEAN 
+ -AL.] 

1. Of or pertaining to a dean or deanery. 

1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4386/3 Libraries of 3 degrees, viz. 
General, Decanal or Lending, and Parochial. 1862.Sat¢. Rev. 
XIV. 705/2 The specially Decanal virtues. 1868 Mitman 
St. Paul's xi. 271 The decanal and prebendal estates. 

2. Applied to the south side of the choir of a 
cathedral or other church, being that on which the 
dean usually sits. 

1792 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 67/1 The Pall-bearers and exe- 
cutors in the seats on the Decanal side, the other noblemen 
and gentlemen on the Cantorial side. 1877 J. D. CHAMBERS 
Div. Worship 4 On the Decanal or Southern side. 

Hence Decanally, also Deca‘nically, advés. 
(sonce-wds.), as a dean. 

1882 PLUMPrRE in Sfectator 8 Apr. 465/1 The twin-brother 
Deans, born decanally on the same day. 1892 A. K. H. 
Boyp 25 Years of St. Andrew's 1. 286 A great Welsh 
preacher, though as Stanley said, a babe decanically, a very 
young dean. 

+Decanate!. Astro/. Obs. [f. Decan+-are.] 

= Face sd, 11c: sce quot. 1696. 

1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. viii. 58 He [Saturn] hath also 
these [degrees] for his Face or Decanate. 1653 GATAKER 
Vind. Annot. Jer, 23 \t isin the last degree of the Decanate 
of Aries. 1696 Puitiips, Decanate, by some called Decurie, 
and in Astrology the Face, is one third part, or ten Degrees 
of each Sign, attributed to some particular Planet, which 
being therein, shall be said to have one Dignity, and conse- 
quently cannot be Peregrine. 

De‘canate”. [ad. med.L. decdndtus, f. de- 
canus DEAN.] = DEANERY 2. 

1835 Dansey Hore Dec. Rur. 1. xxxiv. (Contents, Deans 
rural, general supervisors and censors of the inhabitants of 
their decanates. : 

+Deca‘nder. Bot. Obs. [See next.] A plant 
having ten stamens ; a member of the decandria. 

1828 in WEBSTER. 

|| Deca‘ndria. 2o0/. [mod. Bot. L. (Linneus) 
f. Gr. d€xa ten + dv5p- man, male, taken as ‘male 
organ, stamen’.] In the Sexual System of Lin- 
neeus, the class of plants having ten stamens. 

1775 in Asu. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. ix. 89 Decan- 
dria, which has ten stamens. 

Hence Deca‘ndrian @. =next. 1828 in Wesster. 

Decandrous (d?kendras), a. Bot. [f. as 
prec. + -ous.] Characterized by ten stamens. 

1808 J. E. Smity in Zvans. Linn. Soc. 1X. 244 (t2tle) 
Specific Characters of the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants 
of New Holland. 1872 Ouiver Ede. Bot. u. 148 In some 
exotic allies the stamens are decandrous. 

Decane (dekéin). Chem. [f. Gr. 5éea ten + 
-ANE 2b.] The saturated hydrocarbon C,, H,,; 
one of the paraffins found in coal-tar. 

1875 in Watts Dict. Chem. VII. 422. 

Decane, obs. form of DEcAN, DEACON. 

+ Deca'nery, -ary. Oés. [f. L. decan-us 
DEAN +-ERY.] = DEANERY. 

1538 Letanp /?7xz. II. 29 The Chirch .. isimpropriate onto 
the Decanerie of Saresbyri. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gov. 
1, xil, (1739) 23 Dioceses have also been sub-divided into in- 
feriour Precincts, called Deanaries or Decanaries, the chief 
of which was wont to be a Presbyter of the highest note, 
called Decanus. 

Decangular: see DEcA- prefix I. 

|| Decani (dikéi-nai). [L., genitive of decanus 
DeEan.] Ofa dean, dean’s; in phrases decani side, 
stall (of a choir): =DECANAL 2. In Mustc used 
to indicate the decanal side of the choir in anti- 
phonal singing. 

1760 Boyce Cathedral Music 1. 8. 1866 Direct. Angi. 
353 Decani Stali, the first return stall on the right upon 
entering thechoir. 1894 J.T. Fow er (in letter), At Durham 
the Decani and Cantoris sides are reversed. 

Decanonize, -ation: see Dz- II. 1. 

Decant (déke-nt), v1 [a. F. décanter, ad. 
med.L. décanthdre (a word of the alchemists), f. 
dé- down + canthus the angular beak or ‘lip’ of 
a cup or jug, a transferred use of Gr. #dvO0s corner 
of the eye (Darmesteter).] 

trans. To pour off (the clear liquid of a solution) 


[ad. L. 


DECANT. 


by gentl inclining the vessel so as not to dis- 
turb the lees or sediment ; esp. in Chem. as a means 
of separating a liquid from a precipitate. 

Worton Let. in Remz. 454 (T.) Decant from it [the 
vessel] the clear juice. 1666 Boyie Orig. Formes § Qual., 
Having carefully decanted the Solution into a conveniently 
siz’d Retort. — "779 Forpyce in Phil. Trans. LXX. 32 
Decant the fluid from the copper and iron with care 
into another bason, so that .. none of the copper be carried 
along with it. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. s.v. Decanta- 
tion, It is only .. from very heavy precipitates thatva liquid 
can be thus decanted. (j/g.) 1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet 
Break/f.-t. iv. 121 If you are not decanted off from yourself 
every few days or weeks. E 

b. To pour (wine, etc.) from the ordinary bottle 
in which it is kept in the cellar into a decanter for 
use at table; also, /oosedy, to pour out (wine, ale, 
etc.) into a drinking vessel. 

Swirt Poems, Market-hill23 Attend him daily as their 
chief, Decant his wine, and carve his beef. 1789 Mrs. 
Piozzt Fourn. France 11. 35 Some of their wine already 
decanted for use. 1815 Scotr Guy MV. xxii, A sign, where 
a tankard of ale voluntarily decanted itself into a tumbler. 
1873 Mrs. ALEXANDER Vhe Wooing o’t ix, Claret.. ah, you 
decant it ; that is a good sign. 

ce. transf. To pour or empty out (as from or 
into a decanter). 

1742 Younc Nt. Th. iii. 339 O'er our palates to decant 
Another vintage? 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 586 He .. used 
to have eighty pails of water decanted over him daily. 1871 
M. Cotuns Mrg. §& Merch. 11. vi. 162 All the vegetables in 
the world are decanted into Covent Garden. 

Hence Deca-nted f/f/. a. 

1788 CavenpisH in PAil. Trans. LXXVIII. 169 The 
decanted and undecanted parts. 1793 Beppors Sea Scurvy 
gt The decanted water is to be boiled down. 

+ Decant, v.2 Obs. [ad. L. décanta-re: see 
next.] =DercanTate v. Hence Deca‘nted Yas a. 

[1546 O. Jounson in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 11. 176 Dr.Crome's 
canting, recanting, decanting, or rather double canting.) 
1674 BLount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Decant, to report or speak 
often, to sing, toenchant. 1711 Forses in M. P. Brown 
Suppl. Dec. (1824) V. 79 Therefore this decanted notion, of 
a popular action, can never found a title in this country. 

+ Decantate, fc. pple. Obs. [ad. L. décan- 
/at-us, pa. pple. of déecantare: see next.] De- 
cantated. 

1620 E. Brount Horae Subs. 195 Not to reiterate the so 
many and so much decantate vtilities and praises of History. 
1675 Baxter Cath. Theol. u. 1. 10 Augustines saying so 
much decantate by Dr. Twisse and others. 

+ Decantate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. d- 
cantare to sing off, repeat in singing, sing or 
chant over and over again, f. De- I. 3 + cantare 
to sing.] 

1. trans. To sing or say over and over again ; to 
repeat often. 

1542 Becon Pathw. Prayer Early Wks. (1843) 182 Not 
able sufficiently to decantate, sing, and set forth his praises. 
1611 Coryat Crudities 99 The very Elysian fieldes, so much 
decantated and celebrated by the Verses of Poets. 1650 
R. Hottincwortu Usurped Powers 14 That late so much 
decantated Aphorisme, All Power. .is from the People. 

2. intr. To sing or speak often. 

1659 GauDEN Tears of Church 99 These men.. myer 
tinently decantate against the Ceremonies of the Church. 

Decantation (dékenté'fon), [ad. med.L. 

decanthatio, in Fr. décantation, n. of action f. Dr- 
cant v.!] The action of decanting ; esp. of pouring 
off a liquid clear from a precipitate or deposit. 
_ 1641 Frencu Distill. i. (1651) 9 Decantation, is the pour- 
ing off of any liquor which hath a setling, by inclination. 
1657 G. Starkey /elmont's Vind, 196 This [sedimen] to be 
severed from the other juyce by decantation, and dried. 
17588 Elaboratory 377 The earth .. will .. form a sediment, 
that makes a decantation necessary. 1837 Howitt Xu. 
Life v1. ii. (1862) 217 Inviting sounds of scraping plate and 
decantation. 1883 Hardwich's Photogr. Chem. 23 Decant- 
ation, is allowing the precipitate to fall by its own weight to 
the bottom of the liquid, and then pouring the latter off. 

Decanter (dikz‘nta1). [f. Decant v.1 + -ER.] 

1, One who decants, 

1758 Dycue, Decanter, one that pours or racks off liquor 
from the lees into other vessels, 1828 in WeBsTeER; and in 
mod. Dicts. ‘ 

2. A vessel used for decanting or receiving de- 
canted liquors : sfec. a bottle of clear flint or cut 
glass, with a stopper, in which wine is brought to 
the table, and from which the glasses are filled. 

(The Dictionaries have variously explained the word from 
the etymological point of view : 

1715 Kersey, Decanter, a Bottle made of clear Flint-Glass 
for the holding of Wine, etc. to be pour'd off into a Drinking- 
Glass. 1788 ounson, Decanter, a glass vessel made 
pouring off liquor clear from the lees. 1775 Asu, Decanter, 
the vessel that contains the liquor after it has been de- 
canted, 1818 Topp, Decanter, a glass vessel made for 
receiving liquor clear from the lees;} 

1712 Lond. Gas. No. 5041/3 A pair of Silver Decanters of 
20 Guineas value. 1733. Appison Guardian No, 162 ? 5 The 
Barmecide ., then filled both their glasses out of an em; 
decanter. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 23 
had .. water in large silver decanters, that held, at 
five quarts apiece; these stood in our chamber, 1823 i: 
Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 44 Keep this liquor in a glass de- 
canter well stopped. yTTon Caxtons 46 In virtue of 
my growing Phar and my promise to abstain from the 
decanters. 1862 G. 


3 Macponatp D. Elginbrod 1. 40 Away 
she went with a jug, commonl 
1870 Dickens £. D: 


called a decanter, in her 
decanter of rich-coloured sherry are placed upon the table. 


t 
e 
ty 


ii, A dish of walnuts and a 


86 


Hence Deca‘nter v. nonce-wd., to put wine in a 
decanter. 

C. M. Wesrmacorr Eng. Spy I. 117 While the wine 
lecantering. 1885 Punch 16 May 230/2 They’re cater- 


ing and de-cantering. 

Decantherous, Decapartite, -petalous, 
-phyllous: see Drca- 1. 

Decapi-llated, f4/. a. rare.—° [f. pa. pple. of 
late or med.L. en to cut off the hair, f. 
De- I. 6 + capill-us hair of the head.] 

1727 Baitey vol. Il, Decapil/ated, having the Hair pulled 
or fallen off. 

Decapi‘llatory, a. nonce-wd. [f. as prec.: see 
-ory.] Pertaining to the removal of hair from the 
head or face. 

a vow Monthly Mag. LV1. 30 A primitive array of de- 
capillatory conveniences or rather necessaries. 

Deca‘pitable, ¢. vave. [f. late or med.L. de- 
capitére to DECAPITATE + -ABLE.] That can be 
decapitated. 

1843 CartyLe Past §& Pr. (1858) 198 Thou,—not even 
‘natural’ ; decapitable. 

Decapitalize (d‘kepitileiz),v. [f. D-II. 1 
+ CAPITAL + -1ZE.] “vans. To reduce from the 
rank or position of a capital city. Hence Decapi- 
talization. 

1871 Daily News 13 Apr. 5 Disarm Paris—bind her hand 
and foot—decapitalise her. 1889 7/e Voice (N.Y.) 26 Dec., 
Nor is it probable that decapitalization can be enforced by 
either sentiment or patriotism. 

Decapitate (d/ke:pitéit), v. 
(1320 in Hatzf.), also desc- (14th c.), = Pr. de-, 
descapitar, \t. decapitare, late or med.L. décapitare, 
f. Dr- I. 6 + caput, capit- head. See -aTE 3.] 

1. trans. To cut off the head of (a man or 
animal) ; to behead, kill by beheading. Also, to 
poll a tree, etc. 

1611 Cotcr., Decapiter, Descapiter, to decapitate, or be- 
head. 1661 Arnway’s Tablet Advt. (T.), Charles the First 
.. murdered, and decapitated before his own door at White- 
hall. 1776 Evelyn's Sylva t, vii. § 2.154 Hedgerow ashes may 
the oftener be decapitated, and will show their heads again 
sooner than other trees so used. 1867 Smi-es Huguenots Eng. 
iii. (1880) 50 They decapitated beautiful statues of stone, it 
is true; but the Guises had decapitated the living men. 1871 
Morey Voltaire (1886) 340 In a time when you are not 
imprisoned or hung or decapitated for holding unpopular 
opinions. : 

b. A/ath. In the symbolical method of cal- 
culating seminvariants: To remove the highest 
number of the symbol. 

1884 CayLey in Amer. Frnl. Math. V1.1. 9 In every case 
we decapitate the symbol by striking out the highest number. 

2. U.S. politics. To dismiss summarily from office. 

1872 Daily Tel. 5 Jan., At the commencement of any fresh 


was 


[f. F. décapiter 


Presidency, hundreds of Democratic emfployés have their | 


heads cut off to make room for Republicans who, in their 


turn, will be decapitated when the Democrats get the upper _ 


hand again. 1889 in Farmer Americanisms s.v. 

Hence Deca‘pitated ///. a., Deca‘pitating vé/. 
sh. and ppl. a. 

1796 Ess. by Soc. of Gentlem. Exeter 228 A very antient 
decapitated pillar. 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 1. ii. § 67 
A decapitated Frog... remains at rest until it is touched. 
1827 Stevart Planter’s G. (1828) 76 The decapitating of 
them [trees] is utterly destructive of their health and growth. 
1890 Atheneum 8 Slax, 310/1 The suppression of piracy and 


decapitating expeditions. 

Decapitation d/kzpitéi-fon). [a. F. décapi- 
tation = med.L. décapitation-em, n. of action f. 
decapitare ; see prec.] 

1. The action of decapitating ; the fact of being 
decapitated. 

1650 Arnway A /arum, etc. (1661) 76 (T.) His decapitation 
for the clear truth of God. @1794 Sir W. Jonrs Suhrid- 
bheda (R.), It is better to lose life by decapitation, than to 
desertaprince. 1839 James Louis X/V IV. 355 The punish- 
ment for high treason committed by a person of noble family 
+» Was decapitation. 

b. Odstetr. Med. of the foetus. 

1876 LeisHMaNn Midwifery xxx. (ed. 2) 565. 

ce. Math. (See DECAPITATE v. 1b.) 

(1884 Cayiey in Amer, ¥rnl. Math, V1. 1. 10 By decapita- 
tion we always diminish the weight, but we do not diminish 
the degree. Rey. 

2. Zoo/. The spontaneous division and detach- 
ment of the hydranths of tubularian Hydrozoa 
when mature. (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882.) 

3. U.S. politics. Summary dismissal from office. 

1869 NV. ¥. Herald 5 Aug. (Farmer), The clerks in the 
Treasury Department begin to feel anxious, as the work of 
decapitation will soon e an end of them also, 
H. Davis Amer, Const. 35, L have already referred to Jack- 
son's wholesale decapitation of the Federal officials upon 
his accession to the Presidency. 

Dace (dtkee'pite'tar). [f, Decapirate 
+-or, after L. type.] 

1. One who decapitates. : 

1820 Examiner No. 630. 290/1 ays med the decapitators 


and pity, for the beh x (Ohio) Dispatch 
2 Feb., Mr. S. will be remembered as the official di itor 


of fourth-class p 's under Pr Clevela: t 
2. Med. An obstetric instrument for decapitation 
of the foetus. 
1841 F. H. RamssorHam Odstetr. Med. (1851) 371. 
in Syd. Soc, Lex. G8s) a 


DECARCHY. 


| Decapité (diksepite), a. Her. [F. décapité, 
ee oot) Heraldry that 
: 28 (i one 
the Beast has the Head cat of pcb Ri ferent from 
Deca: de‘kippd). Zool. [a. F. décapode 
(Latreille 1806), ad. mod.L. Decapoda: see next.] 

A sb. A member of the Decapoda ; a ten-footed 
crustacean ; also, a ten-armed cephalopod; in J/. 
=DEcapopa. 

835-6 T Oe. Aaa age Fhe, Decapods a 
hamden a tarts a pair of fins attached to the ante 
1885 C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 169 1 have never 
succeeded in capturing one of these beautiful decapods 
[ Spirula] alive. 

B. adj. Belonging to the Decapoda, 

1835 Kirsy Had. § /nst. Anim. I. xv. 37 In most of the 


Decapod Crustaceans the anterior - are become strictly 
arms. 1847 CARPENTER Zool. § 892 The Decapod family [of 


i} poda (d?kepdda), sb. pl. Zool: [mod.L. 
(Latreille 1806), prop. adj. iI. neuter sc. animalia, 
a. Gr. dexdmoda, neut. pl. of dexdmous ten-footed.] 

1. The highest order of Crustacea, having ten feet 
or legs; it includes the lobster, crab, cray-fish, 
shrimp, etc. 

[1806 Latremte Gen. Crust. et Ins. 1. 9 Crustaceorum 
Distributio generalis .. Legio Secunda Malacostraca ..Ordo 
I. Decapoda, Décapodes.]_ 1878 Bett Gegenbauer’s Comp. 
Anat. 242 In most of the Decapoda, the number of gills is 
greatly incr 

2, The ten-armed Cephalopoda (order Dibranch- 
zata), distinguished from the Octofoda. Called also 
Decacera. 

1851 RicHarpson Geol. viii. 254 The 10-armed cephalopods, 
called decapoda. 


Hence Deca‘podal a.; Deca*podan a. and sé. ; 
Deca‘podous a.; Decapo'diform a., having the 


form or shape of a deca crustacean. 
1852 Dana Crust. u. 1528 The two t , the 
and Tetradecapodan. 1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 1. 525/2 
eca- 


The locomotive appendages of the mantle in the 
eee Cenkalapads. 1870 RoLLeston Anim, Life 101 The 
ecapodous Crustaceans. 

Decapterygious: see DEcA- prefix 1. 

+ Deca‘pulate, v. Obs.—° [f. L. *décapulare, 
f. dé- away + capulire to pour off (f. capzda small 
vessel).] 

1623 CockEraM, Decapulate, to 
to another. 1727 in Bamey vol. II. 

Hence + Decapula‘tion. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Decapulation, 
a pouring off. 

ca'rbonate, v. vare. [Cf. F. décarbonater 
and Casson ans | = DECARBONIZE. 

1831 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal 1. 270 They [forks, com- 
mon snuffers, etc.) are annealed, or, in other words, decar- 
bonated in the requisite degree. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Decarbonated, an old term applied to an oxide, such as 
quicklime, which has been formed by expelling the carbonic 
acid from a carbonate of the metal. 

mization. [f. next: see -aTIoNn.] 

The action or process of decarbonizing. 
« @ J. Hottann Manuf. Metall. 276 To subject the cast 
steel .. to the process of decarbonisation. 1835-6 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. 1. 428/2 Blood rendered black by d i 
carbonization. : 

bonize (dika-sbdnoiz), v. [f. De- IL 1 
+ CARBONIZE.] trans. To deprive of its carbon 


out from one thing 


| or carbonic acid. Hence Deca:rbonized f#/. a., 


Decarbonizing v4/. sb. and ppl. a. 

1825 E. Turrevt in Philos. Mag. LXV. 421 Ragrerngy 
upon decarbonized steel plates. 1836-9 Topp Cyc. Anat. 
Il. 493/2 The liver is .. the true decarbonising in the 
animal kingdom. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 197 n Besse- 
mer’s process, liquid crude iron is decarbonised by forcing 
air through it by machinery. 

x e, v. [Cf F. décarburer and 
CarBuRIZE.] =prec. So Decarburized ///. a. ; 
Decarburiza‘tion ; Decarbura'tion. 

1856 W. Farrparrn in Encycl. Brit, X11. 553/2 The crude 
iron is .. decarburised by the action of a blast of air. /did. 
553/1 Difficulties have attended the decarburisation of iron 
containing so much carbon. /éfd., Converted into malleable 
iron .. by decarburation in the refinery, aga Reese in 
Metal World No, 22. — soar “ee = amare 
the cast iron. 1880 W. operts /ntrod. Metallurgy 33 
Yor determia ing the point at which decarburization has 
ceased in the Bessemer converter. f 

dek- (dekaik), sb. Gr. Hist. [ad. 
Gr, dexdpx-ns or *5éxapyxos, f. 5éea ten + -apxns, 
-apxos ruler.] One of a ruling body of ten. 
Biount Glossogr., Decarck, the same with Dearck 
be in or Governor of ten’]. Grote Greece u. 
xxii, (1862) VI. 350 As at Athens. .the hs would begin 
by putting to death notorious political opponents. 

Decarch, dek- (de*kaik),a. Bot. [f. Gr. déea 
ten + dpxy beginning, origin.] _ Proceeding from 
ten distinct points of origin: said of the primary 
xylem (or wood) of the root. 

1884 Bower & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. 350 In the two 
species mentioned [Lycopodium clavatum, AY um) the 
xylem is hexarch to dekarch, very often z 

Decarchy, dek- (dekarki). Gr. Hist. [ad. 
Gr. 5exapxta: see prec. sb.) =DECADARCHY. 

1638 Meve Ef. Dr. Meddus Wks. 1.781 The Beast's 
Horns, that is, the ‘eyed’ and ‘mouthed Horn with that 


DECARD. 


Decarchy of Horns subject to him. 1838 THirLWwALt Greece 
IV. 155 A council of ten (a decarchy, as it was commonly 
called) nominated by himself, was the ordinary substitute 
for all the ancient forms of polly. 1849 Grote Greece 11. 
Ixv, The enormities perpetrated by the Thirty at Athens 
and by the Lysandrian dekarchies in the other cities. 

+ Deca‘rd, v. Obs. [f. De- II. 2+Carp; cf. 
OF. descarter and Dr- I. 6.] =Discarp. 

1. ¢vans. To throw away or reject (a card) from 
the hand; also adso/. Hence Decarded f7/. a. 

ec 1sso Manif. Detect. Diceplay C viija, Stealing the 
stocke of the decarded cardes, 1608 Macuin Daamb Kuxt.in 
Hazl. Dodsley X. 187 Can you decard, madam? 

2. gen. To reject, set aside, get rid of, dismiss. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. viii. § 5. 34 That..they bee from 
thenceforth omitted, decarded, and not continued, 1621 
Fretcuer Pilgrim wv, ii. (ed. 1647) You cannot sir; you 
have cast those by; decarded’em. 

Decardinalize, decasualize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Decare: see Drca- prefix 2. 

Decarnate (d7ka-met), a. [ad. L. décarnatus 
divested or stripped of flesh, f. DE- prep. I. 6 + 
carn-em flesh.] Divested of incarnation, no longer 
incarnate. So Decarnated /#/. a. 

1865 Reader 16 Dec., Logic Comte never liked, but it 
became to him at last a sort of devil decarnated. 1886 
Ch, Times 42/1 The idea.. that the Incarnate Word will 
ever become decarnate. 

+ Decarna‘tion. 0és.  [f. as prec. with refer- 
ence to zzcarnation.}| Deliverance from the flesh 
or from carnality. 

1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ep. u. i. 13 Gods incarna- 
tion inableth man for his own decarnation, as I may say, 
and devesture of carnality. 

[a. OF. 


+ Decart, v. Sc. Ods. Also decairt. 
descarter, £. des-, de- (DE- 1. 6) + carte CARD.] = 
Dercarp, D1scarD. 

@ 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I, 262 The articles of 
his beleve war ; ‘I Referr: Decarte yow’ [etc.]. @ 1605 
MontGomerie Mise. Poents xxxii. 87 Zour vter ansueir cour- 
teously I crave, Quhom 3e will keep, or vhom 3e will decairt. 
164r R. Baur Lett. §& Frnds. (1841) I. 303 He hes such 
a hand among the ministris and others that it was not 
thought meet to decairt him. 

Decart v., to turn out of a cart: see DE- IT. 2. 

+ Deca's. Ods.vare—1. [a. OF. *decas, ad. med. 
L. décdsus falling down, decay.] Decay, ruin. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 32 The walle and al the citee withinne 
Stant in ruine and in decas [7#e was]. 

Decasemic, -sepalous, -spermal, -sperm- 
ous: see DEcaA- I, 

+ Deca‘ss, v. Obs. rare. [a. OF. decasser, 
desquasser to break or beat down, f. de-, des- (DE- 
I. 1, 3) + casser to break: see Cassv.] ¢rans. To 
discharge, dismiss, cashier. 

1579 Fenton Guwicciard. 1170 They decassed hym from 
his charge. 

Decastellate (dikz:stéleit), v. rare. [f. med. 
L. décastellare, f. DE- I. 6 + castellare to CASTEL- 
LATE.] 7¢vans. To deprive of its castellation, take 
away the battlements of. 

1880 A. Tu. Drane Hist, St.Cath, Siena 356 To sanction the 
dismantling, or rather decastellating of one of the fortresses. 

Decastere: see DEca- prefix 2. 

Decastich (dekastik). rare. [f. Gr. dea ten 
+arixos verse.] A poem of ten lines. 

[x60x Hottanp Pliny II. 4o2 This Decasticon.] c 1645 


Howe t Lett. 6 Oct. 1632 According to your friendly re- 
quest, I send you this decastic. 

Decastyle (dekastail), a Arch. [mod. ad. 
L. decastylus, a. Gr. 5exdorbAos having ten columns, 
f, 5éea ten + -orvAos column. Cf. F. décastyle 
(1694 in Hatzf.), décastile (1762 in Acad. Dict.).] 
Consisting of ten columns ; (of a building) having 
ten columns in front. Also sé. A portico or colon- 
nade of ten columns, 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. Decastyle, in the antient archi- 
tecture, a building with an ordonnance of ten columns in 
front.—The temple of Jupiter Olympius was decastyle. Zdid. 
s.v. Hypethros, Of hypxthrons, some were decastyle, others 
Byra se, AILFY vol. II, Decastyle, that has 10 

illers, 1832 W. Wirkins in Philol. Museum 1. 543 We 
should have an vont fe and a hexastyle temple as illustra- 
tions of the hypethral decastyle species. 

Decasyllabic (dekasilebik), a. (sé.) [f. Gr. 
déca ten+SyLLaBic. Cf. F. décasyllabique (1752 in 
Hatzf.).] Consisting of ten syllables. b. sb. A 
line of ten syllables. 

@ 1771 Gray Observ. Eng. Metre Wks. 1843 V. 242 Spenser 
has also given an instance of the decasyllabic measure. 
1837-9 Hattam Hist. Lit. 1. viii. § 28 Every line is regu- 
larly and harmoniously de: labic. 1854 Emerson Lest, 
& Soc. Aims, Poet. & I; nag. ks. (Bohn) III. 159 The deca- 
syllabic quatrain, 1880 S. Lane-Poote in Macm. Mag. 
No. 246. 498 Over four thousand lines of decasyllabics have 
not stifled his fervour. 

Decasyllable (dekasi-lib’l), sd. and a. [f. 
Gr, 5éea ten + SYLLABLE. Cf. F. décasyliabe adj. 
and sb.] sd. A line of ten syllables. adj. Of ten 
syllables. 

1837-9 Hatiam Hist Lit. 1. viii. § 28 The normal type, or 
decasyllable line. 1859 THAcKERAy Virgin. texix, tbe 
rather hear Mrs. Warrington’s artless prattle than your de- 
clamation of Mr. Warrington’s decasyllables, 1892 Academy 

17 Sept, 230/2 The decasyllable couplet, 


| 
| 
| 
| 


| 


87 


|| Decasy‘llabon. 02s. [a. assumed Gr. dexa- 
avaAdafor, neuter of -os adj.: ef. prec. and Gr. 
diadAAaBos, -ov, etc.] A ten-syllable verse. 

1589 Nasue /xtrod. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 6 The 
spacious volubilitie of a drumming decasillabon. 

+ Decate'ssarad. Os. nonce-wd. [f. late 
Gr. 5exatrécoapes = téccapes wat d5éxa fourteen + 
-AD.] A poem of 14 lines. 

1600 J. Metvitt Diary (1842) 437 In memoriall wharoff 
this Decatessarad was maid. 

Decatho'licize, v. [Dx- II. 6 + Carnort- 
c1zE.] trans. To deprive of catholicity or Catho- 
licism ; to divest of its catholic character. 

1794 Barruel'’s Hist, Clergy Fr. Rev. (1795) 63 But then 
France would not have been decatholicised. 1867 Ch. Times 
18 May 175/2 Means by which the Book of Common Prayer 
may be uecatholicised. 1889 Catholic Union Gaz. 27 note, 
If you wish to regenerate France, first decatholicise her. 

Decatyl (dekatil). Chem. [f. Gr. déear-os 
tenth +-yL.] A synonym of Drcyt, the univalent 
hydrocarbon radical C,, Hg. 

1869 Roscor Elem. Chent. 333 We.. consider this body as 
decatyl hydride, and as not belonging to the amyl group. 

Decaudate (d7ko-deit), v. [f. De- I. 1 + L. 
cauda tail+-atE %.] trans. To deprive of the tail. 

1864 V. § QO. V. 165 The P. was originally an R. which 
has had the misfortune to be dacaudated. 

So Decau-dalize v. monce-wd. 

1840 New Monthly Mag. LVIII. 273 Puss..was decau- 
dalized. 

Decay (diké!+), sb. For forms see the verb. [f. 
Decay v. Cf. med.L. dechedum in Du Cange.] 

1. The process of falling off from a prosperous or 
thriving condition ; progressive decline; the condi- 
tion of one who has thus fallen off or declined. 

¢ 1460 Fortescur Ads. §& Lin. Afon. xvi, The estate off 
pe Romans .. hath ffallen alwey sythyn, into suche decay, 
pat nowe [etc.]. 1558 Br. Watson Sev. Sacram. i. 3 He 
repayreth all our decaies in grace. 1587 Mirr. Alag., 
Albanact \xvi, Discord brings all kingdomes to decay. 
16rr Biste Lev, xxv. 35 If thy brother bee waxen poore, 
and fallen in decay with thee. 1718 Hickes & NELSON 
FS. Kettlewell 1. § 103. 439 Perceiving ..a very Sensible 
Decay of his Spirits. 1856 Froupe 7st. Lng. (1858) I. i. 
g At present, the decay of a town implies the decay of the 
trade of the town. 1874 GREEN Short Hist. v. § 3. 228 The 
decay of the University of Paris ..had transferred her 
intellectual supremacy to Oxford. 

b. Formerly sometimes = Downfall, destruc- 
tion, ruin ; Zoe. fall, death. Ods. 

1535 CoveRDALE Ps. cv[i]. 36 They worshipped their 
ymages, which turned to their owne decaye. 1590 SPENSER 
#. Q. 1. vi. 48 In hope to bring her to her last decay. did. 
11. ix. 12 Fly fast, and save yourselves from neare decay. 
1593 SHaks. Lucy. 516 To kill thine honour with thy liues 
decaie. 1595 — Yoh iv. iii. 154. a 1724 Battle of Harlaw 
xxv. in Ramsay Evergreen, Grit Dolour was for his Decay, 
‘That sae unhappylie was slain. 

+2. Falling off (in quantity, volume, intensity, 
etc.) ; dwindling, decrease. Oés. 

1636 Brunt Voy. Levant (1637) 46 The opinion of our 
decay in stature from our forefathers. 1662 STILLINGFL. 
Orig. Sacr, u1. iv. § 6 The decay of many of them [springs] 
in hot and dry weather. 1669 A. Browne As Pict.(1675) 39 
The shadows. .being caused by the decay of the light. 1691 
‘T. H{are] Acc. New Invent. p. Ixxxiv, Complaints were 
brought to the Council-Board, of the great Decay of that 
River. 1816 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. & Art 11. 62 The 
decay of sound has been supposed by some to be nearly in 
the direct ratio of the distances. 

3. Of material things: Wasting or wearing away, 
disintegration ; dilapidation, ruinous condition. 

1523 Fitzners. Surv. 1 Those castelles .. that be fallen in 
dekay and nat inhabyted. c 1600 Suaks. Sonn. xiii. g Who 
lets so fair a house fall to decay? 1786-7 tr. Keys/er's 
Trav. (1760) II. 248 That edifice, by length of time, fell to 
dorey and lay in ruins. 1839 KricutLey Hist. Eng. 11. 
4 ‘The decay of these sacred edifices. 

+b. fl. Dilapidations; concr. ruined remains, 
tuins, debris, detritus. (Rarely in s¢zg.) Ods. 

1582 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 427 The 
Bayliffs .. shall .. make relation unto this howsse what the 
decayes are. 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 176 Beyond are the 
decayes of a Church. 1632 Lirucow Jrav. v. 200 The 
decayes whereof being much semblable to .. the stony 
heapes of Jericho, 1655 Futter Ch. HZst. 1. vi. § 26. 82 
Jehoida was careful to amend the decayes of the Temple. 
1777. G. Forster Voy. round World t 313 A vegetable 
mould, mixed with volcanic decays. 

Jig. 1605 Suaxs. Lear v. iii. 297 What comfort to this 
great decay may come Shall be appli’d 1662 Sourn Sev7z. 
I. ii. Gex. 1, 27 And certainly that must needs have been 
very glorious the decayes of which are so admirable, 

¢e. fig. The gradual ‘wearing down’ of words or 
phonetic elements in language. 

1 Saycr Compar. Philol. i. 18 Contraction and decay 
may be carried so far as to become an idiosyncracy of a 
particular language. 1877 Pariton Man. Comp. Philology 
iv. 56 The principle of ‘ Phonetic Decay’, which plays so 
large a part in the history of language. 

4. Decline of the vital energy or faculties (through 
disease or old age); breaking up of the health and 
constitution ; formerly also (with #/.), effect, mark, 
or sign of physical decay. 

¢ 1600 SHaks, Soun. xi, Age and could decay, 16rx B. 
Jonson Catzline u1. i, She has been a fine lady... and paints, 
and hides Her decays very well, 1720 Woprow Corr.(1843)I1. 
498 Notwithstanding my great age and decays, I am able to 
preach. .in the largest meeting-house in Boston, 1752 Jonn- 
son Rambler No, 203 ? 12 In the pains of disease, and the 


DECAY. 


languor of decay. 1860 Hook Lives A dfs, (1869) I. vii. 421 
The archbishop .. had begun to show symptoms of decay. 
+b. sfec. Consumption, phthisis ; ‘a decline’, 

1725 N. Rosinson 7h. Physick 150 A perfect Hectic, 
which inseparably accompanies Wastes, Decays, and Con- 
sumptions. 1746 Berkecry Let. Tar-Water § 23 Dropsies, 
decays, and other maladies. 1828 Scotr Hrt, M//d/. xviii, 
Her son that she had left at hame weak of a decay. 

5. The destructive decomposition or wasting of 
organic tissue; rotting. _ 

1594 Par Fewell-ho. 1. 42 One day, or two, before you 
feare the decay of your decoction, set the same on the fire. 
1748 F. Smirx Voy. I. 138 Such Wood as is upon the Decay, 
but not yet become rotten. 1771 J. HUNTER Hist. Teeth 122 
Fill the hole with lead, which prevents the pain and retards the 
decay. 1775 Harris Philos. Arrangem., The body ceases to 
live, and the members soon pass into putrefaction and decay, 
1860 Ruskin Mod, Paint. V. vit. i. 159 The decay of leaves. 
1878 L.P. MerepituH 7¢eth 115 The teeth will come together, 
and further decay will almost infallibly result. 

+6. A cause of decay; the ‘destruction’ or ‘ruin 
of’ anything. Ods. 

1563 Homilies u. x. Pt. i, Som worldly witted men think 
it a great decaye to the quiete and prudent gouernynge of 
their commonwealthes to geue eare to the simple and playne 
rules.. of our Sauiour. 1584 PoweL Léoya's Cambria 21 
This partition is the very decaie of great families. c 1600 
Suaks, Son. xxx, My loue was my decay. 1674 Woop 
Life (O. H. S.) Il. 300 The decay of study, and con- 
sequently of learning, are coffy houses. 1690 Cuitp Disc. 
Trade (ed. 4) 235 Trade, to which the high rate of Usury is 
a great prejudice and decay. 

7. Failure of payment or rent; arrears. Ods. 
[med.L. decasus redditus, decatum.] 

1546 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 199 The possessiones of the 
Guyld, wyth the decayes, ben yerly valued at [ete.].  /d/d., 
Decayes and defautes of Rentes. 1546 A7evz. Ripon (Surtees) 
III. 31 One Annuall Rent..in decay and not payde. 

Decay (dékéi:), v. Forms; 5- decay; also 
5-6 dekay(e, dekey, 6-7 decaye, -aie. [a. 
OF. decair, dekair (subj. pres. decaze\, var. of 
decaotr, dechaotr, decheoir, now déchoir =: Sp. de- 
caer, Pg. decahir, Vt. decadére, a Com. Rom. 
compound of de- down + cadére=L. cadére to fall. 
The F. forms in -ez7, -o7r correspond to the -ée 
type, those in -2r in OF. and Pg. have passed over 
to the -7ve conjugation.] I. intr. 

1. To fall off (in quality or condition); to deterio- 
rate or become impaired ; to lose its characteristic 
quality, strength, or excellence; to be in a failing 
condition. 

1494 Fasyan Chron, v. xcv. 69 The seruyce of God.. by 
mean of ye Saxons was greatly decayde through all Brytayne. 
1511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Preamb., Archerie.. is right 
litell used, but dayly mynessheth, decayth and abateth. 1583 
Stuspes Anat, A bus. u. (1882) 73 Whereby learning greatlie 
decaieth. 1602 RowLanps Kind Gossips (1609) 18 His loue 
to me now daily doth decay. 1677 YARRANTON Exg. iprov. 
49 Common Honesty is necessary for Trade, and without it 
‘Trade will decay. 1728 Pork Duc. 1. 277 How Prologues 
into Prefaces decay. 1812 J. Witson /sle of Palins 111.273 En- 
tranced there the Lovers gaze Till every human fear decays. 

b. To decline from prosperity or fortune. 

1483 Act x Rich. [//, c. 12 § 1 The Artificers of this seid 
Realme .. ben_ greatly empoveresshed and dailly dekeyn. 
1483 Caxton Cato H ij, lt is seen selde the juste to dekaye 
ne to haue nede. 1535 CoverDALE Pov. x1. 11 When the 
iust are in wealth, the cite prospereth: but whan the 
vngodly haue the rule, it decayeth. 1663 Pepys Diary 
1s May, The Dutch decay there [in the East Indies] 
exceedingly, 1816 Scott O/d Mort, i, Ancient. .families.. 
decayed into the humble vale of life. 

+2. To fall off or decrease (in number, volume, 
amount, intensity, etc.) ; to dwindle away. Ods. 

1489 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 16 ‘The which Isle is lately de- 
cayed of people. 1568 Biste (Bishops’) od xiv. 11 The 
fludde decayeth and dryeth vp. 1634 Sir T, Hersert 77az’. 
168 It became a hard question, whether my spirits or Gold 
decayed faster. 1691 T. H[ate] Acc. New /nvent. p. xc, 
The Shipping and Number of our Seamen were decay’d 
about a third part. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. Jud. 67 The Water 
drank is usually Rain-water preserved in Tanks, which decay- 
ing, they are forced to dig Wells. 1725 Pore Odyss, x11. 
237 Till, dying off, the distant sounds decay. ¢1790 Im1son 
Sch, Art, I, 126 The candle will burn a minute ; and then, 
having gradually decayed from the first instant, will go out. 

3. To fall into physical ruin; to waste away, 
wear out, become ruined. 

1494 Fasyan Chron, m1, lvi. 36 Aruiragus .. with great 
dilygence Repayred Cyties and Townes before decayed. 
1570-6 LAMBARDE Peramb. Kent (1826) 283 This house, 
by that time .. was decaied, either by age, or flame, or 
bothe. 1635 Mitton Ox Hodson ii, Made of sphere metal, 
never to decay Until his revolution was at stay. 1694 Cod/. 
Sev. Late Voy. (1711) I. 45 There was Water over the Salt, 
which began to decay with the Rain and Weather being 
onit. 1748 F.Smitu Voy. I. 51 The Ise being inseparable, 
as it was very little decayed. 

b. To suffer decomposition ; to rot. 
580 Baret Aly, D 178 That soone is ripe, doth soone 
lecaie. 1737 Pore Hor. Efist. u. ii. 319 As winter fruits 
grow mild ere they decay, 1771 J. HuntER Hist. Teeth 122 
When an opening is made into the cavity of the Tooth, the 
inside begins to decay. 1851 CARPENTER J/an. Phys. (ed. 2) 
22 The parent-cell having arrived at its full development .. 
dies and decays. 

4. To fall off in vital energy; to lose health and 
strength (of body or faculties); also, to lose the 
bloom of youth and health. 

r Srarkey England 1. ii, 48 Wythout the wych hys 
nee long can not be maynteynyd; but, schetiv: of 
necesstye hyt must dekay. 


1655 CuLreprer Riverius 1, xi 


DECAYABLE. 


z His Imagination to decay. 1712-14 Pore Rape 
ock vy. ut since, alas ! frail beauty must decay. 1795 
SouTHEy Yous of Arc Vu. 337 Feel life itself with that false 
hope decay. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 20 An author 
whose original powers are beginning to decay. 

II. “rans. 

+5. To cause to fall off or deteriorate. Ods. 

1 More Com/f. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1200/2 For feare 
of decaying the common wele, men are driuen to put male- 
factors to pain. 3565 Jewer Def. Afol. (1611) 362 We haue 
decaied no mans Power or right. 1665 Maney Grotius’ 
Low C. Warres 299 His last five years had much decayed 
his Reputation. 1691 Locke Lower. /nterest Wks. 1727 11. 
38 A High Interest decays Trade. — 

+6. To cause to fall off (in number, amouni, 


etc.) ; to reduce, cause to dwindle. Obs. 


1 Crow.ey Efigr. 734 Yet can there nothynge My 
flocke more decaye, ‘Then when hyrelynges suffer My shepe 
oastraye. 1600 Hottanp Livy. xlix. 35a, When he had 


lecaied the number of the nobles. a@ 1626 Bacon Max. & 
Uses Com. Law iv. (1636) 23 If I do decay the game whereby 
there is no Deere. ‘ ae 

+7. To waste or ruin physically ; to disintegrate, 
dilapidate ; to bring to decay or ruin. Ods. 

1536 Exhort. North in Furniv, Ballads from MSS. 1. 306 
Downe streght tothe grownde Many are besy them [abbeys] 
to dekay. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. vili. § 6 (1873) 72 
Palaces, temples, castles, cities, have been decayed and de- 
molished. 1636 Sir H. BLount Voy. Levant (1637) 46 Where 
there were any raine, it would settle. .and decay the build- 
ing. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 239 No time will impair or 
decay those Grey Kentish Bricks. —_ 

b. To destroy by decomposition; to rot. 

1616 B. Jonson Divell an Asse w. iii, [It] decayes the 
fore-teeth. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 995 To lay that which you 
cut off to putrefie, to see whether it will decay the rest of 
the stock. 1703 I. N. City & C. Purchaser 210 Lime and 
Wood are insociable, the former very much corrodeing and 
decaying the latter. 1893 Mrs. A. Arnon in MWestm. Gaz. 
27 Feb. 9/2 Is it probable that a blooming girl would defile 
her breath, decay her teeth, and damage her complexion 
[by smoking] ? ‘ 

. To cause (the body or faculties) to fail in 
vital energy, health, or beauty. 

1540-54 Croke Ps. (Percy Soc.) 24 Ther is no tyme can 
the decaye. 1568 E. Titney Disc. Mariage Cjb, Wine.. 
if it be abused. .decaying womens bewtie. a 1668 DenHam 
Of Old Age 217 ‘But Age’, ’tis said, ‘ will memory decay ‘f 
1713 ADDISON Guardian No. 120 ®7 Almost every thing 
which corrupts the soul decays the body. 1718 Lapy M.W. 
Montacu Let. to C’tess of Mar 10 Mar., She had the re- 
mains of a fine face. .more decayed by sorrow than time. 

Decayable (d/keab l); a: (f£. Decay vw. + 
-ABLE. Cf. OF. decheable.] Capable of, or liable 


to, decay ; perishable. 

1617 Moryson Ttin. u. ut. i. 243 Such victuals as are 
decaiable. 16.. I. Avams Ws. (1861-2) III. 111 (D.) Were 
His strength decayable with time there might be some hope 
in reluctation. 1640 Br. Hatt Zféisc. mt. vii. 252 His 
truths are..not changeable by time, not decayable by age. 
1889 loice (N. Y.) 14 Mar., 13 dead cats, besides other de- 
cayable matter, were found. 

Deca ed (dikéi-d), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ED.] 

1. Fallen off, impaired, or reduced in quality, 
condition, health, freshness, prosperity, fortune, etc. 

1513 Douctas 4neis x1. Prol. 148 To haue bene in 
welth and hartis blys, And now to be dekeit and in wo. 
1563 Homilies 11. [dleness, To reliefe such decayed men 
in syckenes. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. w. (1586) 
190b, For the comforting..of a decayed memorie. 1605 

ERSTEGAN Dec. Intell. Pref. Ep., A restitution of decaied 
intelligence. 1677 YARRANTON Eng. Improv. 16 The neg- 
lected, and I may say decayed Trade of Fishing. 1711 
Appison Sfect. No. 164 Pt Theodosius was the younger 
Son of a decayed Family. 1766 Forvyce Serm, Vng.Wom. 
(1767) II. viii. 29 A decayed beauty. 1863 H. Cox /nstit. 1. 
viii. 97 It was contended that decayed boroughs ought to 
be disfranchised. 1893 Bookman June 83/1 A decayed 
civilization with many repulsive features. 

2. Physically wasted or impaired ; that has begun 
to crumble or fall in pieces or to rot ; ruined. 

oy Garpnier in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. xlvi. 89 The pope 
lieth in an old palace..ruinous and decayed. 1599 Buttes 
Dyets Dry Dinner Dvb, Walnuts .. repaire decated teeth. 
1632 Lirucow 7'rav. vi. 247 Thence wee came to the 
decayed lodging of Caiphas. a1716 Brackatt Ws. (1723) 
I. 147 Wine, tho’ it be decayed..is nevertheless useful as 
Vinegar. 1794 S.Wituiams Vermont 80 Formed of decayed 
or rotten leaves. 1883 Daily News 17 May 6/1 Decayed 
gooseberry—a sickly, bluish lilac. 


Decay‘edness. Leap Decayed condition. 
1647 Crarennon /ist. Red, v. (1702) I. 544 Their lowness, 
and decaiedness of their Fortunes. 1719 Lonpon & Wisk 
Compl. Gard. p. xx, The decayedness of the Trees. 
(dfké-a1). [-ER.] One who, or that 
which, causes decay ; a waster. 
axg4x Wyatt in Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 63 The enmy of 
life, decayer of all kinde. 1602 Suaks. Ham. vy. i. 188 Your 
water is a sore Decayer of your horson dead body. 169 
'T. H[ate] Acc. New /nvent. 81 This Sheathing is an extra- 
ordinary decayer of the Iron-work. 1711 Appison Sect. 


No. 73 Old Age is likewise a great Decayer of your Idol. 
i (dfkéin), vl. sb. [-1NG 1.) The 


action a the verb Decay. 


1530 Pauscr. 212/1 Decayeng of a thyng, 7ine, deca- 
dence, decline. 1632 idaarnoee City Madam 1. i, These 
a leg and foot], indeed, wench, are not so subject to decay- 
— the face. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 396 ‘This 
. has been in a state of thriving and decaying many times. 


Decay ing pl. a. [-ING2.] That decays; fall- 
ing off, eclining ; falling into ruin ; decomposing. 


1 PatsGr. 3009/2 Deka 7 ., 1891 SHAKs. 
I Pex VI, u. v. 1 Kind poo ts of my weihe decaying 


88 


“Age. 1651 Hones Leviath.1. ii. 5 Imagination. .is nothing 
but decaying sense. 1774 Pennant Jour Scoti, in 772. 4 
The castle is a decaying Re Macautay Hist. 4 

aw 


ae ee 
— 


DECEIT. 


1. That has departed this life, dead, ‘departed’ ; 
asp. lately dead, ‘late’. pads ps : 


1V. 629 Her decaying in commerce. 1884 . € 1489 Caxton Semen of 4 on ix. 227 After that a man 
Reports 16 Q. Bench Div. 65 A house. .si inadecaying 7,006 9 x p. Berners /voiss, 1. cexliy. 
ee Hid, Aa chow of decaying, lenves. | me ‘ a eee 3 Se Pe Wis B45 
i ie UN, Ei fr, 1 
Decay'less, «. rare. [f. Decay sh. + -LES88.] 10 [He] hig commended the parties discessed. 1386 4 
Not subject to decay, undecaying. | Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 6 deceased of him 
1828 Morr Castle of Time Wks. 1852 11. 399 For shadows __ that loved Momany Levdath. IIL. XXXVili. 242 
..Left not a trace on that decayless sky. 1864 Neate | deceasedGiants. 1762Gotpsm. Cit. W,xii, There. .I shallsee 


Seaton. Poems 155 Untended, decayless, Sleeping the infinite 
sleep, the monarch re; ; 

Decayue, obs. form of DECEIVE. 

Dece, obs. form of Dats. 

Deceaph, -ue, Deceat, obs. ff. DEcEIvE, 
DEcEIT. 

Decease (disi's), sd. Forms: a. 4. deces, 
deses, dises, 4-7 decess(e, 5 decez, dicese, 6 
dicesse, Sc. deceis, 7 deceyse, 5- decease. 8. 
4 desces, Sc. desceiss, 4-5 dessece, 5 desseyse, 
discese, -cees, -sese, -sees, dysces, -sees, -seys, 
-sease, 5-6 disease, dyssesse, 6 Sc. diseis. [ME. 
deces, etc., a. F. décds, ad, L. décess-us departure, 
death, ybl. sb. f. ppl. stem of décédére to depart, go 
away. In OF. often also desces (see DE- pref. 1.6), 
hence also in ME. with des-, dis-, dys-, spellings 
which often confused it in form with DISEASE. 
See the vb.] Departure from life ; death. 

In its origin a euphemism (L. décessus for mors), and still 
slightly euphemistic or at least less harsh and realistic than 


death» it is the common term in legal and technical lan- 
guage where the legal or civil incidence of death is in 


| question, without reference to the act of dying. 


a. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron.(1810) 15 After his fader decesse. 
/bid. 126 If pat Henry die, or Steuen mak his deses. 1440 
Gesta Rom. \v. 237 (Harl. MS.) Aftir hir dicese, pe Em- 
peroure weddid anober woman. 151 More in Grafton 
Chron. V1. 761 At the time of his Ethers decease. 1654 
Gataker Disc. Apol. 79 The decesse of one Pope..and 
entrance of another. 1751 Smotitett Per. Pic. Ixxiii, A 
groan which announced his decease. 1818 Cruise Digest 
ed. 2) II. 289 In case his said daughter should die without 
issue of her body living at her decease. 1849 Lincarp //is¢. 
Zong. (1855) I. vi. 182/2 The surname of ‘ the Confessor * was 
given to him [Edward] from the bull of his canonization, 
issued by Alexander III, about a century after his decease. 

B. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 254 After Blanche 
desces. ¢ 1350 Will. Palerne 4101 After mi dessece. ¢ 1440 
Cesta Rom. xv. 49 Aftere his dissese. Fasyan Chron. 
vy. cxxxi. 113 Worde came to hym of his faders disease, 
1580 Lyty /uphues (Arb.) 293 A Lady..who after the 
disease of hir Father hadde three sutors. 

y. 1417 E. E. Wills (1882) 29 After pe sesse [corruption 


| of decease) of her. 


| decedére, décessus in senses ‘die, death’ ; 


+b. Said of the death of many; mortality, 
slaughter. Oés. 

1513 Dovctas 42neis xu. ix. 5 Sa feill and diuers slauch- 
teris as war thair, And gret deces of dukis. 

Decease (dis7's), v. Forms: a. 5 decess, 
-sesse, 5-6 -cesse, 5-7 -ceasse, 6 -cese, -sece, 
dicesse, Sc. deceiss, 6- decease. 8. 5 disceas, 
-ceyse, -sese, -sease, 5-6 -cess(e, -cease, 6 de- 
scece, -cess, -sece, disceasse, dyscess, -cece, 
-scesse, -sese, -sesse, disease. Ue DeEcEASE sé. 
Taken as the Eng. repr. of L, décédere and F. dé- 
céder, In L, decédére and discedére were nearly 
synonymous in the sense ‘ depart, go away’, and 
in med.L. déiscédtre, discessus, were also used for 
hence 
OF. descds = decés, and the ME. and 16th c. forms 
in des-, dis-, dys-, some of which were identical with 
variant spellings of disease. Cf. the sb.] 

intr. To depart from life; to die. 

a. 1439 E. E. Wills (1882) 123 Yf the saide Iohn decesse 
withoute heires. 1513 More Rich. /// Wks. 36/2 So 
deceased. .this noble id nge. 1623 Favine 7heat. Hon. 
1x. i. 356 Deceassing without children. Futter Holy 
War i. x. (1840) 132 Queen Sibyll who deceased of the 
plague. 1 tfe pe Abbot 41 He deceased at his 
palace of Croydon. 1 Brownnc Ring & Bk. wv. 103 If 
the good fat ard man. .decease. . being childless. 

B. 1439 E. E. Wills (1882) 123 If he discesse without 
heires. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 28 As God disposith for 
me to dissese. 1530 Patsar. 517/2, I discease, I dye or 
departe out of this worlde. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 
41 Thys yere the good qwene Jane dessecid the xxiij. day 
of October. 

+b. Zo decease this world (cf. to depart this 
life). Obs. rare. 

11g Epitaph in Wood Ath, Oxen., James Stanley..who 
decessed thys transytory wourld the xxii of March. 

e. fig. To come to an end, perish; CEASE. 
1538 Lichfield Gild Ord. 8 Bring the parti 


justice done to deceased merit. 1810 Worpsw. /ss. Epitaphs 
Wks, (1888) 814/1 The ch ad d friend. 
Law Times XCV. 82/1 The heir of a deceased licence- 


Jig. t Suaxs. 2 Hen. IV, m. i. 81 Figuring the 
nature of the Times deceas'd. 

b. Deceased wife's sister question: the question of a 
widower's pay the sister of his deceased wife, such 
a earrings being legal in some countries and illegal in 
others. 


2. absol. +a. pl. The deceased: those who are 
dead, the dead (0és.). b. The person (lately) dead, 
or Ngee death is in question. 

1625 Massincer New Way vy. i, It might have ed me 
of little love To the deceased. " TON ay ak 

Shall the deceas’d arise? 175r Smottett Per. Pic. civ, 

e..sealed up all the papers of the deceased. Cc. 
Petuam Chron. Crime (1886) 11. 349 An inquest was held 
upon the remains of deceased at the Dog and Gun. 1841 
Lytron Nt. § Morn. 1. i, Mr. Jones. .promised to read the 
burial-service over the deceased. 

+ Decea‘sure. 00s. rare. 
-URE ; corresp. to a L. ty wet 

1580 Lopce Ford. & Prisc. (Shaks. Soc.) 97 To 
deceasure and her froward destinie. 

Deceave, etc., obs. form of DECEIVE v. 

+ Decede, v. Ols. [ad. L. dééd-tre to go 
away, depart, remove, f. Dr- J. 2 + cédére to go. 
(French has had décéder in sense ‘to die’ since 
15th c.).] zr. To depart; to secede; to give 
place, yield. 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. v. iii. $25 To justifie the English 
Reformation, from the scandal of Schisme, to shew, that 
they had 1. Just cause for which, 2. True authority by 
which they deceded from Rome. 1658 J. Wess tr. Cie 
patra vit. 11. 63 That violent passion..deceding to the 

itty she conceived. 1 J. Serceant Solid Philos. 262 

Vith their Quantity and Figure acceding and deceding to 
the Individuum. 

Decedent (dés7dént), sd. (a.) [ad. L. décé- 
dent-em, pr. pple. of décédére to depart, die.] 

A. sb. One who retires from an office (ods.), 
deceases, or dies; a deceased person. U. S., chiefly 
in Law. 

1599 Craururp Hist. Univ. Edind. (1880) 52 Mr. Andrew 
Young .. was appointed to succeed to the next decedent. 
1730 Br, Witson in Keble Life xxi. (1869) 7 Taking 
care of orphan's and decedent’s goods. ti "Waoeree, 
Decedent, a a rson. Laws of Pennsylv. 1884 
Boston (Mass.) ¥rni. Jan., In North Andover last year 
there were 65 deaths. ‘I'wenty-two of the decedents were 
more t 72. 

+ B. adj. (See quot.) Obs.—° 

1727 Baitey vol. LI, Decedent, adj. departing, going away. 

Deceife, Deceipt, Deceis(s, obs. ff. Decrive, 


Deceit, DECEASE. 
Deceit (dist). Forms: a. 4 deseyt(e, 4-5 


-sait(e, 4-6 -ceyt(e, 4-7 -ceite, 5 -sayte, -sate, 


[f. DecEasE v. + 
Decease. 
lament my 


| 6 -ceat, -seite, -seytte, -saitte, -sette, 4- deceit. 


B. 5 deceipte, 5-7 -ceipt, 5-6 -cept(e. +. 4-6 
desceit, -sayte, 5 desseit, -seyt(e, -sait, -sate, 
6 desceyt. 5. 4 disseyte, -saite, -sayte, Sv. 
dissat, 4-5 disseit, -ceite, 5 dissayet, dysseyte, 
-sayt, 5-6 dissait, -sate, dis-, dysceyt(e, 5-7 
disceit, 6 -ceat(e, -sayt(e. «€, 6 dis-, dyscept, 
-ceipte. [ME. deceite, deseyte, desatte, etc., a. OF. 
deceite, -eyte (later degotte): sb. fem. from pa. pple. 
of deceveir, décevoir, with assimilation of vowel, as 
in deceive. (Cf. CONCEIT.) 

In ME, and early mod.Eng. with many varieties of spell- 


ing, partly inherited from Fr., partly due to Eng. change of 


consequent interchange of ¢ and s, 
forms as desait, Sc. desate. In OF, the 
spelling was sometimes assimilated to Latin decepfa, as de- 
cepte, whence in Eng. deceifte. Butin both langs. the was 
mute; the oldest Gower MSS. have deceipte, deceite, but 
the word rimes with s¢reite (strait); the ordinary 17th c. 
pronunciation rimed it with -a#¢, as in Wither @ 1667 dait: 
deceit ; cf. the common 16th c. spellings in -sait, -sate, -ceat. 
‘The narrowing of @ to 7 came later, In OF. t 
was sometimes changed to des- (see Dr- I. 6), whi 
very common in ME., and was here, moreover, in the 
general alteration of the French form des- back tothe Latin 
dis-, subjected to the same change, so as to gi 


ei to ai, ay, 
whence arose such 


parties togeth 

that ther may be made a good end, and discord clene 
desecedd. xg9x Syivester Du Bartas 1. vii. (1641) 60/2 
How often had this world deceast, except Gods mighty arms 
had it upheld and kept. 1635 Swan Sfec. M1. (1670) 93 This 
circle never corrupteth nor deceaseth. 

Hence + Decea‘sing 2//. sb,, death, decease. 

gor Percivat. Sf. Dict., Finamiento, the dieng, the 
deceasing, death. 169r_E. Taytor Behmen's Threcfold 
Life xviii. 313 At deceasing of the Body. 

Deceased 


(disist, poet, disised), ppl. a. 
Forms: see DECEASE v.; also 7 deceast. = 
DecEASE v.+-ED!, From the intermixture of the 


prefixes de- and dis-, and of the letters ¢ and s, it 
was frequently written diseased.] 


ve, in 15- 
r6th c.,such odd spellings as dis-ceat, dis-sait, dis-sate (all 
mening di,sé*t): cf. Decetve.) ‘ 

1. The action or practice of deceiving ; conceal- 
ment of the truth in order to mislead ; deception, 
fraud, cheating, false dealing. 

¢ 1300 A. Adis. 6157 ~ 9 queyntise to don, other deseyte. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7, ? 703 Deceipt bitwixe marchaunt 

3393 Gower Conf. II, 318 And that he 
‘or she began to axe him streit. 
ne theft loke thou do non. 
vbi dessate. 1535 COVERDALE 


and marchaunt. 
dide for deceipt, 
Aupetay Poems 6 


Cath. A 
wed. iii. 8 Shi 
1358 


wylis. 
deceit and 


DECEIT, 


knavery, and fraud of the European traders. 1849 Ruskin 
Sev. Lamps ii. § 6. 32 Gilding, which in architecture is no 
deceit, because it is therein not understood for gold. 

b. in Law. 

[x275 Act 3 Edw. J, c.29 Nul manere deceyte ou collu- 
sion.] 1495 Nottingham Rec. U1. 285 Accion of desseyte 
ffor brekynge off promyse. 1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. 
xlii. (1638) 135 A false returne whereupon an action of disceit 
lyeth. 1672 Gowns, Deceit. .isa subtle, wily shift or device, 
having no other name. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 294 
All manner of deceit is hereby avoided in deeds. 

+e. Phr. J decett of: so as to deceive; so to 
the deceit of, upon d., under d. With no deceit, 
without decect; without mistake, assuredly, cer- 
tainly, Oés. 

ay 3 Edw. I,c. 29 De fere la en deceyte de la Court.] 
1303 R. Brunne Hand/. Synne 3814 He durst come oute on 
no party Of all be twelve monbe web no deseyt. c1350 Wid. 
Palerne 2041 Wiboute disseyte, I wold alle hire werk do 
jou wite sone. 1393 Lanct. P. PZ. C. 1. 77 Hus sele sholde 
no3t be sent in deceit of be puple. c 1425 Hamfole’s Psalter 
Metr. Pref. 32 Betwene dancastir and Poumefreyt this is 
pe way..euen bye da wip out deseyt. 1534 /udictm. Eliz. 
Bocking in Hall Chron. (1550) 221 To the great deceit of 
the prince and people of this realme. 1535 CovERDALE 
1 Chron. xiii. 17 Yf ye come vpon disceate, and to be mine 
aduersaries. — 1 Macc. vii. 10 Speakinge vnto them with 
peaceable wordes : but vnder disceate. a 1626 Bacon Max. 
§& Uses Con. Law (1636) 8 Selling .. things unwholsome, 
or ill made in deceipt of the people. 

2. (with @ and Z/.) An instance of deception ; 
an act or device intended to deceive; a trick, 
stratagem, wile. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 897 (Fairf.) For pi dissayte at pou dede. 
¢ 1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 104 Pe deuelis disceitis. 14. . 
Piers of Fulham 95 in Hazl. £. P. P. I. 5 The fowler 
with hys deseyttes bryngeth The gentyll fowles in to hys 
false crafte, 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, Al 
the deceytes of the worlde, the fleshe, and the deuill. 1559 
Cecit in Robertson /Yist. Scot?. Il. App. i, To avoid the 
decepts and tromperies of the French. a@1667 WITHER 
Stedfast Shepherd i, Thy painted baits, And poor deceits, 
Are all bestowed on me in vain. 1713 Swirr Cadenus § V, 
Venus thought ona deceit. ¢1793 CoLteripce Autumnal 
Evening ii, O dear deceit! I see the maiden rise. 

3. The quality of deceiving; deceitfulness. 

1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 12494 What doust pou 
byfore pe prest and hast deseyt yn py brest? c 1400 Des¢tr. 
Troy 3788 Ulexes..was .. full of disseit. 1526 TiNDALE 
Rom. i. 29 Full of envie, morther, debate, disseyte. 1577 
tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 20 The care of this world and 
the deceipt of riches. 1845 Manninc Ser. I, ix. On Fas. i, 
22 It isa vain and hurtful thing, full of deceit and danger, 
to hear and not to do. 

+ Deceit, v. Ods. rare. Hence 5 desetyng 
vbl. sb. [f. Deceit sb.]_ To construct deceitfully, 
to forge (a document). 

1484 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 43 Declaracion concernyng 
the disetyng of a fals testimoniall [ca//ed p. 42 the forsaid 
forged, false testymonyall]. 

+ Decei‘teous, a. Obs. rare. [f. Ducerr, with 
suffix fashioned after righteous, courteous: see 
-EOUS 3.] Deceitful. Hence Decei‘teously adv. 
_ 1481 in Ang. Gilds (1870) 332 And all other ware. .whiche 
is desceyteously wrought. 

Deceitful (désitfiil), 2. Forms: see Drcerr. 
[f. Decerr + -FuL.] Full of deceit ; given to de- 
ceiving or cheating; misleading, false, fallacious. 
(As said of things often = DECEPTIVE.) : 

1483 Cath. Angi. 97 Desatefulle, vdz false. 1500-20 Dun- 
BaR Flyting 75 Dissaitfull tyrand, with serpentis tung, 
vnstable, i513 Dovucias nes 1x. vii. 52 Throw the dern 
wod dyssaitfull andonplane. 1584 Power Lloyd's Cambria 
104 A Deceiptfull and Subtile man. 1641 Witkins JZath. 
Magick i. iii. (1648) 19 Such deceitfull ballances may be 
discovered. .by changing the weights. 1842 Lytron Zanoni 
2 Appearances are deceitful. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. 

‘onst. ix. § 1. 113 They may be the most false and deceitful 
of human kind. 

Decei'tfully, adv. [f. prec. + -1¥2.] Ina 
deceitful manner ; with intent to deceive. (In first 
quot. : By deceit or treachery.) 

¢1470 Henry Wad/ace vu. 34 Desaitfully I may nocht se 
thaim hang. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. VIL, c. 2 Workeman- 
ship. falsely and disceitfully made. 161z BisteE 2 Cor. iv. 
2 Not walking in craftines, nor handling the word of God 
deceitfully. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety viii. px If this founda- 
tion be deceitfully laid, the superstructure must necessarily 
sink and perish. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets viii. 265 His 
allegory .. must always show them [the clouds] deceitfully 
beautiful, spreading lusion over earth and sky. 

Decei'tfulness. [f. as prec.+-nxzss.] The 
quality of being deceitful ; disposition or tendency 
to deceive or mislead ; deceptiveness. 

1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys (1874) 11. 223 Beware disceyt- 
fulnes, All fraude and gyle take Qais that thou desp; co 
1526 ‘TinpaLe JJatt. xiii. 22 The dissaytfulnes off ryches, 
1671 Granvitt Disc. M. Stubbe 21 The deceitfulness of 
Telescopes. 174 Ricnarpson Pamela (1824) I. 64 O, the 
deceitfulness of the heart of man! 1870 ANDERSON J/issions 
Amer. Ba. II. xv.238 The deceitfulness of the people. 

Decei'tless, 2. rare. [f. Ducurr + -1Ess.] 
Free from deceit. 

1630 Br. Hatt Old Relig. § 2 (L.) So he that should call 
Satan an unclean devil, should imply that some devil is not 
unclean ; or deceivable lusts, some lusts deceitless ! 

Decei:vabi'lity. vare. [f. next+-1ry. OF. 
had decevadlete.| Capacity of being deceived. 

1861 Gen. P. THompson Andi Alt, III. cxlix. 142 The 
deceivability of the masses, 

Vou. III. 


89 


Deceivable (dési'vib’l), 2. Forms (about 40 
variants): a with de- 4-, 8 with des- 4-5, y with 
dis- 4-6; variations of the stem as in DECEIVE. 
[a. OF. decevable, f. stem of décevotr to DECEIVE 
+ -ABLE. ] 

+1. actevely. Having the quality or habit of de- 
ceiving ; deceitful, deceptive. Ods. (or arch.) 

Obs. since ¢1688; exc. as used after the biblical decezv- 
ableness.) 

1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 471 So ben dremys deseyu- 
able. 1382 Wyciir Prov. xiv.17 The desseyuable man is 
hateful. c 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxx. 135 A fantom and 
a dessayuable thing to be sight. 1428 Surtees Misc. (1890) 
4 John Lyllyng had salde mykell swylk deceyvable tyn to 
bellemakers. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c.6 Deceivable and 
untrewe Beames and scales. c¢ 1510 Dunpar Poewrs xviii, 
I seik abowte this warld onstable, To find. .it is dissavable. 
1535 CovERDALE 2 Pet. i. 16 We folowed not deceaueable 
fables. 1558 Knox First Blast App. (Arb.) 59 Yf I should 
flatter your grace I were no freind, but a deceavabill trater. 
1682 Bunyan Holy War 55 Deceivable speech. 1688 R. 
Hotme Armoury u. 305 A wicked deceivable person, who in- 
deavouring to chate others, chats himself. 1860 TrENcH 
Serm. Westm, Abb. xxxiii. 376 We may have proved them 
false and deceivable a thousand times, and yet they are still 
able to attract and to allure. ; : 

2. passively. Capable of being, or liable to be, 
deceived ; fallible. Now rare. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. 1. i, Man was not only 
deceiveable in his integrity, but the Angels of light in all 
their clarity. 1658 Whole Duty Man iv. § 4. 38 As deceiv- 
able, and easie to be deluded. 1705 STaNHore Paraphr. 
III. 559 To deal with him, as if he were such a deceivable 
Creature as our selves. 1841-4 Emerson £ss., Politics 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 239 With such an ignorant and deceivable 
majority. | 

Decei-vableness. Now rare. [-NESS.] 
+1. The capacity of deceiving ; deceitfulness, 
deceit ; deceptiveness. Ods. (or arch. after N. T.) 
1526 TINDALE 2 7%ess. ii. 10 In all deceavablenes of un- 
rightewesnes [161x with all deceivableness; 1881 R.V. 
with all deceit]. 1530 Patscr. 213/1 Desceyvablenesse, de- 
ceuableté. «1653 Gouce Comm. Heb, iii. 14 Sin prevails 
the more by the deceiveablenesse thereof. 1671 GLANVILL 
Disc, M. Stubbe 26 The Discourse about the deceivableness 
of Opticks. 1826 E. Irvine Badbylon II. 439 They are 
deceived into false security by that mystery of deceivable- 
ness. 1853 I. Wittiams Serm. Epist. (1875) I. xvii. 193 
With all deceivableness and power of seduction. 

2. Liability to be deceived, fallibility. 

1674 Govt. Tongue viii. P11 His negligence and deceiv- 
ableness, | 

+ Decei‘vably, adv. Obs. or arch. [-1¥ ?.] 
Deceitfully, fraudulently, falsely. 

1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) VII. 109 Aftirward he 
[Edwyne] was reconsiled desceyvably and i-slayn. 1428 
Surtees Misc. (1890) 4 Castyng of fals tyn menged with 
lede and pewtre, and sellyng of yt deceyvabely for gude 
tyn. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c.1 Hydes..vntruly, in- 
sufficiently and deceiuably tanned. 1637 Declar. Pfalts- 
graves’ Faith 3 When the one shall. .deceiveably lay imputa- 
tions of errour on the other. 1865 NicHots Britfon v. ii. 
$3 If dower be deceivably (desceivablement] established. 

+ Deceiva‘nce. Oés. Forms: see DECEIVE. 
[a. OF. decevance, f. decev-ant: see next and 
-ANCE.] Deceit, deception. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 133 Pe Kyng sister of 
France Henry allied him to, Here of a desceyuance pei 
conseild him to do. c1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. i. (1554) 4a, 
Beware the serpent, with his disceivance. 1483 Caxton 
Gold. Leg. 129/1 Ayenst the deceyuaunces of the feend. 
1486 Surtees Misc. (1890) 57 Set[h] yat it is your citie not 
filid_with dissavaunce, 

+ Deceiva'nt, a. and sb. Obs. rare. (In 4 
-aunt.) [a. F. decevant, pr. pple. of deceverr, -o7r 
:—L. décipient-em.] A. adj. Deceiving, deceitful, 
deceptive. B. sb. A deceiver. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 82 That pou ne be noght deceiuant. 
Lbid. I. 222 The fourthe deceivaunt, The whiche is cleped 
fals semblaunt. /é7d. 11. 72 This Achelous was a Geaunt, 
A subtil man, a deceivaunt. 

Deceive (diszv), v. Forms: a. 4 deseue, 
-sayue, -saife, -ceife, -cayue, dicayue, 4-5 
deseyue, 4-6 deceue, 4-7 deceyue, 5-6 desave, 
(Sc. -sawe), 6 deceaph, 6-7 deceaue, 5— deceive. 
B. 4 desceiue, 4-5 -ceyue, -sayue, 5 -saue, 
-sayfe, 5-6 -seyue. y. 4 (Sc.) dissaf, 4-5 dis- 
ceyue, -seyue, dysceue, -saue, 4-5 (6 Sc.) dis- 
saue, 4-6 dyssayue, 5 disceue, -saiue, -sayue, 
(Se. -sayf, -sawe), dysseyue, 5-6 dysceyue, 
-seue, 6 disceiue, -ceaue, Sc. -saif. [a. OF. 
decev-eir (stressed stem deceiv-), mod.F. décevotr :— 
L. décipére, f. DE- I. 1 or 4 + capere to take. Cf. 
CONCEIVE. 

The stem was subject in ME. and 16th c. to the same 
variations as those mentioned under Deceit, and the prefix 
varied in like manner as de-, des-, dis-, whence came such 
curious spellings as disceave, dissave, dissaif; the stem 
vowel has passed through the stages éi, é, 2, 7. Quarles 
in 1635 — Ul. ii.) rimed deceiv'd thee : sav'd thee. 

(The literal sense of L. décifére was app. to catch in a 
trap, to entrap, ensnare; hence, to catch by guile; to get 
the better of by fraud ; to cheat, mislead.)] 

+1. trans. To ensnare; to take unawares by 
craft or guile; to overcome, overreach, or get the 
better of by trickery; to beguile or betray into 
mischief or sin; to mislead. Oés. (or a7ch.) 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 3172 (Gott) Pat pe child were noght per- 
cayued, ar be suord him had dicayued, ¢1340 /d7d, 27214 


DECEIVE, 


(Fairf.),& queper he was pus dessayuid, sone ofter his creature 
he resceyuid. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xi. vii. (1495) 
418 Somtyme a tame culuoure is. .taughte to begyle and to 
dysceyue wylde coluoures and ledyth theym in to the 
foulers nette. c 1450 Merlin 4 The deuell..devised how he 
myght best disceyve the thre doughtres of this rich man. 
1594 WitLosie Avisa Lj b, Apply her still with dyvers 
thinges (For giftes the wysest will deceave). 16x11 Coryar 
Crudities 2 A certaine English man. .was deceiued by those 
sands: for..he was suddenly ouertaken and ouerwhelmed 
with the waters. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1. 35 He it was whose 
guile. .deceived The mother of mankind. 1741 RicHarpson 
Pamela \. 170 As we deceived and hooked the poor carp, so 
was I betrayed by false baits. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. II, 
The mother of mankind, who was deceived by the serpent. 

2. To cause to believe what is false; to mislead 
as to a matter of fact, lead into error, impose upon, 
delude, ‘take in’. 

¢ 1320 Sexy Sag. (W.) 109, I wald noght he decayued 
ware. 1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 237 Thai mak ay thair 
answering In-till dowbill vndirstanding, Till dissaf thame 
that will thame trow. 1382 Wyciir Matt. xxiv. 11 Many 
false prophetis schulen ryse, and disceyue many. c 1460 
Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 124 Or els the rewlys of astronomy 
Dyssavys me. ¢1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ayton xxi. 462 
Soo dysguysed for to dysceve us. @1533 Lp. Berners 
Huon xxiv. 69 By hys fayr langage he may dyssayue vs. 
¢ 1600 SHaks. Sonn. civ, Mine eye may be deceaued. 1667 
Mitton P. LZ. 11. 189 Who [can] deceive his mind, whose 
eye Views all things at one view? 1781 Gipson Decd. & /. 
xxx. IIT. 179 Two statesmen, who laboured to deceive each 
other and the world, 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 
98 Wolsey. .was too wise to be deceived with outward pros- 
perity. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop J/rs. Hallib. u. xix, He 
denied it..and I believed he was attempting to deceive me. 

b. absol. To use deceit, act deceitfully. 

¢1340 Hampo.e Prose Tr. (1866) 3 If pou will nowthire be 
dyssayuede ne dyssayue. 1500-20 Dunbar Poess (1893) 
xxi, 102 Quhair fortoun..dissavis With freyndly smylingis 
of ane hure. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. xv. § 4 He can 
neither erre nor deceiue. 1769 Yunins Lett. xxxv. 163 
A moment of difficulty and danger, at which flattery and 
falsehood can no longer deceive. 1808 Scotr AZarm. v1. 
xvii, Ah, what a tangled web we weave, When first we 
practise to deceive! 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 160 The 
makers of household implements..should be ashamed to 
deceive in the practice of their craft. 

e. vefl. To allow oneself to be misled; to de- 
lude oneself. [F. se ¢romper. | 

1382 Wyciir Fas. i. 22 Be 3e doers of the word and not 
herers onely, deceyuynge you silf. 1535 CoverDaLe Led ¥ 
Dr.7 Daniel smyled, and sayde: O kynge, disceaue not 
thyselfe. 1791 Mrs. Rapciirre Rom. /orest ii, 1 can no 
longer deceive myself. 1884 GLapstone in Standard 2, 
Feb. 2/7 Do not let us deceive ourselves on that point. 

d. In gass. sometimes merely: To be mistaken, 
be in error. 

1318 SHOREHAM 93 Ac many man desceyved hys..And 
weyneth that he be out of peryl. 1325 Poem temp. Edw. 
ZI (Percy) lv, Forsoth he is deseyved, He wenyth he doth 
ful wel. axqso Ant. de la Tour 33 We are foule deceiued 
in you the tyme passed. 1553 Even 7/7eat. Newe Lud. 
(Arb.) 41 He was not deceaued in his opinion. 1596 SHaks. 
Merch, V. v. i. 111 That is the voice, Or I am much 
deceiu’d, of Portia. 1603 — Weas. for M. 1. i. 197 How 
much is the good Duke deceiu’d in Angelo. 1749 Fie_pinc 
Tom Sones xiv. vi, I am very much deceived in Mr. 
Nightingale, if..he hath not much goodness of heart at the 
bottom. 

+38. To be or prove false to, play false, deal 
treacherously with; to betray. Ods. 

a@1300 Cursor M. 1894 (Cott.) Quen noe sagh..pat pis 
rauen had him deceueid, Lete vt a doue. c 1470 Henry 
Wallace vi. 480 Thai swor that he had dissawit thair lord. 
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6 The corruptyble 
rychesse of this worlde..forsaketh and deceyueth hym 
whan he weneth best. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. /V, v. i. 11 
You have deceiu’d ourtrust. 1605 CAMDEN (ev., Epitaphs 
53 Fame deceaues the dead mans trust., 1658 Whole Duty 
Man xv. § 26. 125 He that does not carefully look to his 
masters profit, deceives his trust. 

b. fig. To prove false to; +to frustrate (a purpose, 
etc.) obs.; to disappoint (hope, expectation, etc.). 

1571 Act 13 Eliz. in Bolton Stat. [red. (1621) 360 Which 
good meaning of that good lawe..is daylie..deceyved by 
diverse evill disposed persons. 1666 DrypeN Anz. ALirad. 
Ixviii, Till. .doubtful moonlight did our rage deceive. 1697 
— Virg. Georg. 11. 190 ‘The weak old Stallion will deceive 
thy Care. a1700 —(J.), Nor are my hopes deceiv’d. 1818 
Jas. Mitt Brit. India 11. 1. ii. 89 Never was expectation 
more completely deceived. 

+4. To cheat, overreach; defraud. Ods. 

cr R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 319 Pat mad be Tresorere 
pou pee desceyued him, 1382 Wycwir 1 Thess. iv. 6 That 
no man ouer go nether disceyue his brother in chaffaringe. 
1481 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 332 Desceteously wrought as in 
tannyng, where-thurgh the kynges lege peopell scholde be 
disceuyd. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 16 Thay that sellis 
ald and ewil guidis for new and thair throw dissauis oders 
falslie. Teae Bacon Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 563 That the Bor- 
ders..be..Set with Fine Flowers, but thin and sparingly, 
lest they Deceiue the Trees. 1626 — Sylva § 479 Where 
two Plants draw (much) the same Juyce, there the Neigh- 
bourhood hurteth ; for the one deceiveth the other. 

+b. with of: To cheat out of. Ods. 

a 1300 Cursor MM. 8626 (Cott.) Sco parceuid, pat sco was of 
hir child deceuid. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Ws, (1880) 73 Whanne ei 
be raueine & ypocrisie disceyuen hem of here goodis. 1525 
Wido Edyth, The sixt merye Jest: how this wydowe 
Edyth deceiued a Draper..of a new Gowne and’ a new 
Kyrtell. 1620 J. Witkinson Coroners § Sherifes 62 To 
deceive them ‘of it and to gain it for themselves. 16 
Mitton P. L. x. 990 Childless thou art, Childless remain ; 
so Death Shall be deceav’d his glut. @176x Otpys in 
D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 563 [He] deceived me of a good 
sum of money which he owed me. 12 


DECEIVED, 
+5. To ile, wile away (time, tediousness, 
etc.). Obs. (Cf, CHEAT v. 5. 


1591 Fiorio Sec. Fruites 65 Let us do something to de- 
ceaue the time, and that we may not thinke it long. 1663 
Br. Parrick Parad. Pilgr. ii. (1668) 5 To deceive the 
tediousness of the pilgrimage. Drypen Virg. Past. x. 
(R.), This while I sung, my sorrows I deceiv'd. 1784 Cowrer 
Task 1. 362 Happy to deceive the time, Not waste it. 

Catun N. Amer. Ind. (1844) 11. xxxvii. 36 Amusements 
to deceive away the time. 

Deceived (disi'vd, poet. disivéd), ppl. a. [f. 
prec. + -ED1.] Deluded, imposed upon, misled, 
mistaken, etc.: see the verb. 

1569 T. Norton (¢it/e) To the Quenes Maiesties poore de- 
ceyued Subiects of the North Countrey, drawen into rebel- 
lion. 161 Biste ¥o0d xii. 16 The deceiued and the deceiuer 
are his. 165r Hosses Leviath. 1. iii. 11 Speeches taken.. 
from deceived Philosophers, and deceived, or deceiving 
Schoolemen. 1820 Keats S¢. Agnes xxxvii, I curse not.. 
Though thou forsakest a deceived thing. 

b. adbsol. 

1652 J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nature's Paradox 158 The 
Deceived, as well as the Deceivers. 1847 Sir W. Hamitton 
Let. to De Morgan 5, | was wrong..in presuming you to be 
a deceiver, and not rather a deceived, 

Deceiver (dis7‘vo1). Forms: a. 4 deceiuour, 
4-5 deceyuour(e, -or, 5-6 -ar, 6 deceyuer, de- 
ceauer, 7- deceiver. £8. 4-6 dis-: see DECEIVE. 
[a. AF. decevour = OF. deceveur, earlier deceveor, 
f, stem of decev-oir ; subsequently taking the form 
of an Eng. derivative of DECEIVE v.: see -ER1 2.] 

1. One who (or that which) deceives; a cheat, 
impostor. 

1382 Wyc.ir 2 Fohn 7 Many deceyuours [1388 disseyueris] 
wenten out in to the world. c14s0 tr. De /mitatione ui. i, 
What are all temporale binges but deceyuours. 1483 Cath. 


Angl. 101 A Dissauer, deceptor. 1535 CovERDALE od xii. 
16 Both the deceaver, and him that is deceaved. 1 Eben 
Decades 313 An Italian deceauer who had before deluded 


the kynges of Englande and Portugale. 1634 MiLton Comus 
596 Hence with thy brew’d enchantments, foul deceiver ! 
1832 Lytton Eugene A. 1. v, The passions are at once our 
masters and our deceivers. 

2. Comb. 

1624 W. Hatt Man's Gt. Enemy in Farr S. P. Fas. 1 
(1848) 199 Deceiuer-like, hee said, Yee shall not dye. 

Deceiving (disivin), vd/. sd. [-1NG1.] The 
action of the verb DECEIVE; deception. 

c1400 Rom. Rose 1590 Withouten any deceiving. 1523 
Lp. Berners Froiss, 1. xviii. 25 Than the Englisshe lordes 
.-for doubte of deceyuyng .. kept styll the two trompettis 
pryuely. 1568 Biste (Bishops’) 2 /et. ii. 13 Delighting 
them selues in their deceiuings. 1833 Mrs. BrowninG 
Prometh. Bound Poems 1850 I. 171 For in my mind De- 
ceiving works more shame than torturing. 

Decei-ving, ///.a. [-ING*.] That deceives ; 
deceitful, misleading, fallacious. 

1500-20 Dunnar Poems xlvii. 87 This fals dissavand warldis 
bliss. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M. 1. ii. 260 Manie de- 
ceyuing promises of life. a 1653 GoucEe Comm. Heb. xiii. 
5 Covetousnesse is a deceiving sin. ¢ 1793 Telegraph in 
Spir. Publ. Frnls. (1799) 1. 26 The most deceiving tongue. 

Hence Decei'vingly adv. 

14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 143 Hydynge de- 
ceyuaundly wikke wib pci of coo. 1440 York 
Myst. xiii. 140 At carpe to me dissayuandly. 1888 Harper's 
Mag. Oct. 806 To listen appreciatingly even if deceivingly. 

Decelticize, etc. : see Dr- ir I. 

Decem-, L. decem ten, used in combination, as 
decemjugis ten-yoked, ag Goa! ten feet long, 
decemplicatus ten-fold, etc. ; hence in various tech- 
nical words: Decemco'state a. [Costa], having 
tenribs. Decemdecntate a. [L. dens tooth], having 
ten teeth or points (Smart 1836). Dece'mfid a. 
[L. -fidus cleft], divided into ten parts, segments, 
or lobes (#did.), Decemflo‘rous a. [L. -flor-us, 
-flowered], ‘having ten flowers’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 
1882). Decemfo'liate, -fo'liolate [L. folium 
leaf, fol/io/us leaflet}, having ten leaves or leaflets. 
Dece'mjugate a. (L. jugat-us yoked], ‘having 
ten pairs of leaflets or of other organs’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex, 1882). Decemlo‘cular a. [L. doculus little 
bag], ten-celled, having ten little cells for seeds 
(Smart 1836). + Decemnovenal a. [L. decem- 
novem nineteen], of nineteen years = DECENNO- 
VENNAL, De:cemnovena‘rian, a man of the 
Nineteenth Century ; hence Decemnovena‘rian- 
ism, the characteristics distinctive of a man of the 
Nineteenth Century; Decemnovena‘rianize v., 
to act the decemnovenarian. Decempedal a. [L. 
decempedalis, f. pes, ped- feet], (a) ten feet in 1 
(obs.) ; (6) having ten feet. Dece’mpedate a. = 
prec. b (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882), Decempe'nnate 
a. (L. penna wing], having ten t-feathers on 
the pinion-bone. De‘cemplex a. (L. -A/ex -fold], 
tenfold (5.5. Zex.). De*cemplicate a. [L.plicatus 
plaited, folded], ‘having ten plaits or folds’ 
(zbid.). Decempu-netate a. [L. punctum a point), 
‘having ten points or spots’ (¢d/d.). Decem- 
striate a. [L. striatus grooved], ‘having ten 
striee’ (zb7d.). 

Pid a een = Retr a 
ecemfid .. Decemfoliate .. Dec iolate. » Har- 
vey Disc. Probl.gs The Golden, d Md t i 


90 


circle. Wa us in Phil, Trans. XX. 187 That is, this 
is the Ei, Your of mech Decomnarentl Cele, er ‘ircle 
of Nineteen Years. 1863 [De Morcan] From Matter to 
Spirit Pref. 6 We, respectable d ‘ians as we are, 
have been so nourished on theories. .that most of us cannot 
live with an unexplained fact in our heads. 1890 F, Hatt 
in NV, Y. Nation L. 316/1 Thougha decemnovenarian, as some 


DECENCY. 


Decemviral (d/se'mviral), a, [ad. L. decem- 
viral-ts, f. decemvir: see -aL.] Of or pertaining 
to the decemvirs. 

1600 Hottanp Livy 127(R.) The decemvirall lawes (which 
now are knowne by the name of the twelve Tables). 165 


would call him, he is not to be allowed to 

rianize in language. 1864 Miss Coppe Studies New § Old 
(1865) 359 We have all heard much concerning this ‘ De- 
cemnovenarianism’ for a long time before he received his 
formidable cognomen. /éid. 379 Is it Steam which has 
made ‘ D venarianism’, or ‘ D: ianism’ 
which has created Steam? 1827 G. S. Faser Sacr. Cal. 
Proph. (1844) 1. 48 A yet future decempartite division of 
that Empire. 1656 Brount Glossogr., Decempedai, of ten 
foot, or ten foot long. 1708 Motreux Radelais w. Ixiv. 
(1737) 262 The shadow is decempedal, 

December (dise‘mba1). Also 4-6 -bre, 4 -bir, 
descembre, 5 decembyr,6 desember. Abbre- 
viated Dec. [a. OF. décembre, dezembre, ad. L. 
December, f. decem ten, this being originally the 
tenth month of the Roman year. The meaning of 
-der in this and the names of the three preceding 
months is uncertain.] 

The twelfth and last month of the Hod according 
to the modern reckoning ; that in which the winter 
solstice occurs in the northern hemisphere. 

[a 1000 Menologium 220 (Gr.) penne folcum bringd morgen, 

to mannum monaé to tune Decembris.. zrra Jula.] 
R. Grouc. (1724) 408 Pe endlefbe day of presen ag 
toun hii wonne so. @1300 Cursor M. 24916 (Cott.) Pat 
moneth pat man clepes .. Decembre [v.7. -ber, -bir, des- 
cembre]. 1460 Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 20 Written at 
London g of December. 1573 Tusser Husb., December's 
husbandrie, O dirtie December For Christmas remember. 
1593 I. Morey Madrigals,‘ Aprill is my mistris Jace’, 
Wain her bosom is September, But in her heart a cold 
December. @ 1643 CartwriGut Ordinary. ii, Don’t you 
see December in her face? 1775 N. Wraxatt Tour N. 
Europe 88 The weather, which..was become in a few hours 
as cold and piercing as our Decembers. 1805 Scotr Last 
Alinstr. 1. xxi, Alike to him was time or tide, December's 
snow or July’s pride. 184x T. H. Key in Smith Dict. 
Antig. s.v. Calendar, Roman, The winter solstice at Rome, 
in the year 46 B.c., occurred on the 24th of December of the 
Julian Calendar. 1886 Miss Brappon Under Red Flag 
vi, The Man of December and Sedan —it was thus Blan- 
quists and Internationals spoke of the late Emperor [Napo- 
leon 111]}—was dethroned. 

attrib. 1§93 Suaxs. Rich. I, 1. iii. 298 Or wallow naked 
in December snow. a 1679 Eart Orrery Guzman ii, Were 
our Hearts as much mortified as those December-Lovers 
Looks! 1863 Kincstey Water Bad, iv. (ed. 2) 160 Pleasant 
December days. 

Hence December v. nonce-wd., (a) trans. to 
give the character of December to; (6) tr. to 
celebrate December (as the time of Christmas fes- 
tivities). Dece‘mberish a., + Dece'mberly c., 
resembling December in dreariness and darkness. 
Dece-mbrist, one connected in some specific way 
with this month; see quot. 1882. 

1876 J. Eviis Cesar in Egypt 332 Now balls are deserted, 
and plays unremember'd, And ‘all the May joys prematurely 
December'd. 1888 7imes (Weekly Ed.) 7 Dec. 7/1 The 
Cabinet was seeking a pretext for ‘Decembering’. 1795 
Burns Let. to Mrs. Dunlop 15 Dec., As I amin a com- 
plete Decemberish humour, gloomy, sullen, stupid. 176s 
Sterne 7. Shandy VIII. ix, In the many bleak an 
Decemberly nights of a seven years widowhood. 1882 
H. Lanspete 7hrough Siberia 11, 2 Certain of them called 
‘Decembrists’, who in December 1825 tried to raise a re- 
volt among the soldiers of Nicolas, and deprive him of his 
throne. 

|| Decemvir (d/se‘mvaz). [L.,sing. of decemviri, 
originally decem viri ‘the ten men a 

Rom. Antig. ( pl.) A body of ten men acting as 
a commission, council, college, or ruling authority; 
esp. the two bodies of magistrates appointed in 
451 and 450 B.c, to draw up a code of laws (the 
laws of the Twelve Tables) who were, during the 
time, entrusted with the supreme government of 
Rome. 

(1579 Nortu Plutarch (1612) 864 Cicero .. did one day 
nap y reproue and inueigh against this law of the Decem- 
uiri.] 1600 Hottann Livy m1. xxxii, 10g Agreed it was that 
there should be created Decemvirs above all appeale. 
1781 Gispon Decl. & F. xliv, The Decemvirs, who sullied 
by their actions the honour of inscribing, on brass, or wood, 
or ivory, the Twelve Tables of the Roman Laws. 18: 
Arnotp Hist. Rome 1. 253 A commission invested wit 
such extraordinary powers as those committed to the de- 
cemvirs. 1868 Smitn Sw. Dict. Rom. Antig. 127/2 Decem- 
viri Litibus Fudicandis .. Augustus transfe to these 
decemvirs the presidency in the courts of the centumviri. 

b. transf. A council or ruling body of ten, as 
the Council of Ten of the Venetian Republic. 

1615 R. Cocks Diary 2 Aug., I had_much adowe with 
Zanzabars desemvery. 1821 Byron Two Foscari 1. 188. 
I look Forward to be one day of the decemyirs, 1832 tr. 
Sismondi's Ital. Rep. ix. 202 d dared unblush 
ingly propose to their colleag: 

ec. sing. A member of such a bod 


» etc, 


1703 Rowe Fair Penit. w.i.(Jod.), He slow hisonly daughter | 


To save her from the fierce emvir's lust. 1744 
I. 272 (Jod.) C. Julius, a decemvir, appointed him a day for 
taking his trial. 1849 Grote Greece u1. Ixxii. (1862) VI. 351 
Like the Decemvir ius Claudius at Rome. 
Hence Dece‘mvirship, the office of decemvir. 
1600 Hottanp Livy 115 (R.) The decemvirship, and the 
conditions of his colleagues together, had so greatly changed. 


the D irall Colledg. ‘Tuirtwatt in Philol. Museum 
II. 477 The ad of lar over the d iral 
form of government. 1852 Grove Greece u. xxiv. IX. 416 
His decemviral governments or Dekarchies. 

Decemvirate (d/se'mvireit). [ad. L. decem- 
virat-us, f. decemvir: see -ATE1,] The office or 
government of decemvirs; a body of decemvirs. 

1620 E. Brount Hora Subsec. 233 the Decemvirate, 
they returned againetoConsuls. 1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. 
(1714) I. 369 The Decemvirate regarded neither Senate nor 
people, but cut off the most considerable Citizens of both 
sorts. 1838 Arnotp Hist. Rome 1. xv. 302 The decemvirate 
seems indeed to have exhibited the perfect model of an 
aristocratical royalty, vested not in one person but in several. 

b. transf. A body of ten rulers, councillors, etc., 
as the Venetian Council of Ten. Also aétrié. 

1651 Howe Venice 13 They read the letters addressd to 
the Decemvirat Colledg. 363 Sin E. Nicnoas in NV. Papers 
(Camden) II. 12 The room. .1s now possessed by the Decem- 
virate or ten Worthies that now reign far more absolutely 
than ever any King did in England. ¢1776 Sir W. Jones 
Let. Ld.A Hthorpeifsuch adecemvirate should ever attempt 
to restore our constitutional liberty by constitutional means. 


Dece'nary, ‘fro. dece‘nnary, ¢. and sé. 
[ad. med.L. decénarius (decennarius), f. med.L. 
decena (decenna) a tithing; see DECENER.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to a decéna or tithing. 

1752 Fietpinc Causes Incr. Robbers § 5(R.) To prevent 


idle persons wandering from place to place .. was one great 
point of the decennary constitution. 
B. sb. =med.L. decéna, a tithing : see quot. 1881. 

Apparently taken by the 17th c, antiquaries as formed on 
decenner Decener+-y, and so accepted by later writers. 

{c1zg0 Bracton m1. 1. x, Diligenter erit inquirendum si 
{latro] fuerit in franco plegio et decenna, et tunc erit decenna 
in misericordia coram justitiarios nostros.] ~~ N. Bacon 
Disc. Govt, Eng. 1. x\viii. (1739) 84 View of free Pledges must 
be, to see that the Decennaries be full. ¢ 1670 Hosses Dial. 
Com. Laws 201 The whole Land was divided into Hun- 
dreds, and those again into Decennaries, 1765 Blackstone 
Comm. 1.114 No man was suffered to abide in England 
above forty days, unless he were enrolled in some tithing or 
decennary. 1881 T.S. Framrton Hundred of Wrotham 
36 All males .. should .. be enrolled in a tithing, or decen- 
nary, which originally consisted of ten free families. (Cf. 
1866 RoGers Agric. & Prices 1. 66 He was registered in the 
decenna before he reached adolescence. ] 

+ Devcence. Olds. [a. F. décence (13-14th c. 
in Hatzf.), ad. L. decéntia: see next.] =next. 

1678 Sprat Serm. Gal. vi. 10 In good works .. there 
may be goodness in the general; but decence and graceful- 
ness can be only in the —— in doing the good. 
1683 W. Cracetr Answ. Dissenter's Object. 7 When the 
Decence and Convenience of a thing is considered, we 
should attribute much to the Wisdom of Authority. 1697 
Dryven Virg. Aeneid x. 96 And must I own .. my secret 
smart—What with more decence were in silence kept. [As 
confessedly Fr. : 1836 Grevitte Diary 94 (Stanford) To the 
opera to see Taglioni dance .. Her grace and décence are 
something that no one can imagine who has not seen her.] 

Decency (di‘sénsi). [ad. L. decéntia, f. decént- 
em becoming, fitting, Decent.] The quality or 
fact of being decent. 

+1. Appropriateness or fitness to the circum- 
stances or requirements of the case ; fitness, seemli- 
ness, propriety: a. of speech, action, or behaviour. 

1567 Drant Horace, Arte of Poetrie (R.), Of sortes and 
ages thou must note the manner and the guyse, A decensie 
for stirring youth, for elder folke likewise. 1589 NHAM 
Eng. Poesie ui. xxiii. (Arb.) 269 To rperov .. we in our vulgar 
call it by a scholasticall terme [decencie] our owne Saxon 
English terme is [seemeelynesse). /bid. 271 Your decencies 
are of sundrie sorts, according to the many circumstances 

behauiour 1636 


accompanying our writing, | or 2 
Heatey Epictetus’ Ma lix. 79 Thou neglectest another 
[function] which thou mightest execute with full decency. 
1647 Ciarenvon Hist. Red. 1. (2843) 33 1 The king was 
always the most punctual observer ull decency in his 
devotion. 1719 Warertann Vind. Christ's Divinity 107 
Why so concern’d about the fitness, and decency of his Inter- 
ion? 1745 Warts Logic 11. v. § 4 The great Design of 
Fredeans .. is to determine and every Affair with 
Decency, and to the best Advantage. 1762 Hume Hist. 
Eng. UL. liv. 173 His discourse on the scaffold was full of 


d and 
“tb. What is appropriate to a person’s rank or 


di aye oe hi 
384 . Lloyd's Cambria 364 Reseruing two om. 
that is to say his conscience, and also the decencie of his 
state, Maton Etkon. 17 With Scholastic flourishes, 
beneath the decencie of a king, Morcan Sphere 
Gentry wv. v.78 According to the ncy of the said Name 
of the Duke of Somerset and the nobility of his .. estate. 
+. Fitness of form or proportion : Comeliness. 
1610 Guitum Heraldry ui. xiv. (1660) 170 Neither can Art 
forme a fashion of more stately decencie, than she hath 
done on the Sta; Paimatr City § C. Builder 80 For 
decency it will requisite not to have the alto- 
ether so deep as ten inches in the second, and fourth 


tory. 

+2. Decent or orderly condition of civil or social 
life. Ods. 

165 Hoses Govt. § Soc. x. § 1. 148 In [the state of civill 
Government — is] the Domin pie, dee 
Come ” ‘ower & Subj. ty Decencie and order must presup- 


Howe tt mI Senators .. have power tosummon 
tages 


DECENE., 


pose laws and directions. 1705 Stannore Paraphr. II. 
121 God, as he is a God of Decency and Order, and not of 
Anarchy and Confusion [etc.]. 

3. Propriety of behaviour or demeanour; due 
regard to what is becoming; conformity (in be- 
haviour, speech, or action) to the standard of 
propriety or good taste. 

1647 CLarenvon Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 23/2 He [Wm. Earl 
of Pembroke] .. lived towards the favourites with that 
decency, as would not suffer them to censure or reproach 
his master’s judgment. 1682 Norris Hzevocles 39 ‘To bear 
..the loss of our goods with mildness and decency. 1702 
Eng. Theophrastus 342 We do sometimes out of vanity or 
decency what we could do out of inclination and duty. 1732-3 
Swirt Let. Mrs. Pilkington 1 Jan., I cannot with decency 
shew them, except toavery few. 1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones 
x. viii, If I had not the patience of fifty Jobs, you would 
make me forget all decency and decorum. 1798 Worpsw. 
Old Cumbrid. Beggar, Many, 1 believe, there are Who 
live a life of virtuous decency. 1855 Lp. Houcuton in 
Life (1891) I. xi. 516 As I have got two letters from you 
to-day, I must write in decency before I go to sleep. 1883 
Giapsrone in Times g June, Less than that I cannot say 
in _ and in decency. 3 

. esp. Compliance with recognized notions of 
modesty or delicacy ; freedom from impropriety. 

1639 tr. Du Bosg's Compl. Woman F iv, Peradventure they 
would .. accuse him for not writing, as decency obliged him 
therein .. Is there one sole word in all this worke .. to make 
one blush in reading it? 1684 Eart Roscom. Ess. Transé. 
Verse, Immodest words admit of no defence; For want of 
decency is want of sense. @1715 Burnet Own Time (1724) 
I. 137 Sir Elisha Leightoun .. maintained an outward de- 
cency .. yet he was a very vicious man. 1886 H. H. Joun- 
ston Kilimanjaro Exp. ii. 28 The black glistening forms 
of the burly negroes on whom nakedness sits with decency. 
Ibid. xix. 433 Both sexes have little notion or conception 


of decency, the men especially seeming to be unconscious of | 


any impropriety in nakedness. . ; 

e. Conformity to the standard of living becoming 
one’s position ; respectability. 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 166 P 2 Those whom a very 
little assistance would enable to support themselves with 
decency. 1785 Parry Mor. Philos. i. ix, There is a certain 
appearance, attendance, establishment, and mode of living, 
which custom has annexed to the several ranks and orders 
of civil life (and which compose what is called decency). 

. pi. Decent or becoming acts or observances ; 
the established observances of decent life or de- 
corum ; proprieties. (Rarely sig.) 

1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 601 Those graceful acts, Those 
thousand decencies that daily flow From all her words and 
actions mixed with love And sweet compliance. 1673 DryDEN 
Marr. & la Mode Ep. Ded., They have copied .. the deli- 
cacies of expression, and the decencies of behaviour from 
your lordship. 1700 — Sigismonda § G. 701 O ever faith- 
ful heart, I have perform’d the ceremonial part, The de- 
cencies of grief. 1723 Dre For Col. Yack (1840) 204, I told 
her I thought it was a decency to the ladies. 1735 Pore 
£p. Lady 164 Virtue she finds too painful an endeavour, 
Content to dwell in decencies for ever. 1827 MacauLay 
Machiavelli Ess. (1854) 49/2 He became careless of the 
decencies which were expected from a man so highly dis- 
ve ETH in the literary and political world. 

. pl. The outward conditions or requirements 
of a decent life. 

1798 Mattuus Poful. (1878) 375 He may be .. better able 
to command the decencies .. of life. 1832 Lewis Use § Ad. 
Pot. Terms xiii. 111 In this sense the poor are those who .. 
severally enjoy a less quantity of decencies and necessaries. 
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xxiy. 213 The little man was 
buttoning on a pair of black gaiters, the only serviceable 
decency he had at his command. 1 H. Siwwewick in 
Times 13 Jan. 11/4 It was not easy to distinguish decencies 
and comforts on the one hand and luxuries on the other. 

Decend, etc. : see DescenD, etc. 

Decene (dé‘sin). Chem. [f. Gr. 5é«a ten + -ENE.] 
The olefine of the decacarbon or DecyLseries,Cy) Hyp. 
Also called Decylene. %877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 52. 

+Decener. Ods. Forms: 6 decenier, di- 
sener,7 deciner, -or, 7-8 decenner. [a. AngloFr. 
decener =OF. decenier, mod.¥. dixenier, dizenier, 
dizainier, in med.L. decéndrius (improp. decen- 
narius), f. decéna, in OF . dizeine, -aine, Pr. desena, 
¥ decena, a group of ten, a tithing.] 

. One in command of ten soldiers. 

1555 WatREMAN Fardle Facions u.x. 211 Their capitaines 
ouer ten, whiche, by a terme borowed of the Frenche, we 
calle Diseners. 1889 Ive tr. Du Bellay’s Instr. 80 The 
Souldiers [should exercise] by themselues euerie holie day, 
with their Deceniers [chefs de chambre] Chiefs of squadrons, 
and Corporals. 1627 S. Warp Seru., Yethro’s Fustice, 
From the Gouernour of the thousand to the Centurion, from 
him to the Tithing-man or Decinor. - 

2. a. The head of a decena or tithing; a tithing- 
man or borsholder; b. A member of a hyo § 

1607 Cowett Jnterpr., Deciners .. signifieth .. such as 
were wont to have the oversight and checke of ten friburgs 
for the maintenance of the king’s e. 1624 Termes de 
la Ley s.v., Deciner is not now used for the chiefe man of a 
Dozein, but for him that is sworne tothe Kings peace. 1647 
N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xxvi, (1739) 43 All Free-men 
were Decenners, that is, ranked into several tens. 1752 
Frevpine Causes Incr, Robbers § 5 (R.) In case of the de- 
fault of appearance in a decenner, his nine pledges had one 
and thirty days to bring the delinquent forth to justice. 
[1869 W. Motyneux Burton on Trent 105 There was a staff 
of men six in number called ‘ Deciners’, whose duty it was 
in modern times to assist the constables in preserving the 
peace of the manor and borough .. The name commonly 
given to these officers was dozener, and under it at the 
present day they are associated in many instances with 
municipal boroughs.] : : 


91 


Decennal (disenal), a. ? Obs. 
nal-zs of ten years, f. decem + ann-us. Cf. F. dé- 
cennal (16th c. in Hatzf.).] = DEcENNIAL. 

1648 ‘Mercurtus Pracmaticus’ Plea for King 26, They 
.. appointed Archons, or Decennall Governors, that is, one 
Prince for ten years. 1708 Morreux Rabelais (1737) V. 235 
A Decennal Prescription. 

+ Decenna‘lian, ¢. Ols. = prec. | 

1794 T. TayLor Pausanias I. 376 The Medontide still | 
held the decennalian government. 

Decennary (disenari), a. and 56. [f. L. de- 
cenn-ts of ten years +-ARY : cf. DECENNAL.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining toa period of ten years ; 
DECENNIAL. 

1855 Frul. R. Agric. Soc. XVI. 1. 577 The average home- 

produce of wheat .. during each of these decennary periods. 
B. sd. A period of ten years ; a decennium. 

1822 W. R. Hamitron in Parry's Wks. (1828) VIII. 34 The 
awful predictions of the Whigs during the last decennary. 
1826 H. C. Ropinson Diary (1869) 11. 322 The fifth decennary 
of the nineteenth century. 1873 C. Ropinson NV. S. Wales 
72 Dividing the decennary into two equal parts, it will be 
found that..during the earlier five years [etc.]. 

Decennary: see DECENARY. 

Dece‘nniad. [irreg. f. L. Decenntum +-an, 
after triad, chiliad, etc.) =DECENNIUM. 


[ad. L. decen- | 


1864 Soc. Science Rev. 239 The increase .. was found in 
the ten years ending in 1851 to be less than it had been 
in any previous decenniad. 1882 A theneui 3 June 692/t 
During three decenniads of the latter half of the present 
century. 

Decennial (dise'nial), a. (sd.) [f. L. decen- 
ni-um (see next) + -AL: cf. centennial. The L. 
adj. was decennal-ts, whence DECENNAL.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to a period of ten 
years. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Decennial, belonging to or contein- 
ing ten years. 1685 Il. Morr /aradip. Prophet. gt At a 
complete decennial interval. 1798 W. Taytor in Monthly 
Mag. \V. 111 ‘The interest of a majority of the house .. 
illegally to perpetuate its authority and vote itself decen- 
nial. 1866 Rocrrs Agric. § Prices 1. xxv. 625 A table in 
which decennial averages may be stated. 1868 M. Pattison 
Academ, Org. iii. 52 The decennial return of income to be 
made by each college. : 

b. Of persons: Holding office for ten years. 

1728 Newton Chronol. Amended 37 Charops, the first 
decennial Archon of the Athenians. 1866 FELTon Anc. & 
Mod. Gr. V1. v. 74 Seven decennial archons carried on the 
government till B.c. 683. 

B. sé. A decennial anniversary or its celebra- 
tion, OS: 1889 in Century Dict. 

Hence Dece‘nnially adv., every ten years. 

1874 Daily News 16 Feb. 5/5 Opportunity of decennially 
reviewing the progress throughout the world of fine arts. 

|| Decennium (désenivm). Pl. -ia. [L., f 
decenn-zs of ten years, f. decem ten + ainus year: 
cf. dtennis, bienntum, and CENTENNIUM.] A space 
of ten years, a decade (of years). 

1685 H. More Paralip, Prophet. 91 Reckoning on still by 
complete Decenniums. 1801 W. TayLor in Monthly Mag. 
XII. 590 To unteach all their lessons of the last decennium. 
1864 Pusry Lect. Daniel i, 8 In the last decennia of the last 
century. 1881 Census Eng. & Wales Prelim. Report p. xii, 
‘The decrease of the population of Ireland ..in each suc- 
ceeding decennium. 

+ Decennoval (dise‘ndval), a Obs. [ad. L. 
decennoval-ts, f. decem-novem nineteen: see -AL.] 
Of or pertaining to nineteen (years). 

1681 Hooke Phil, Collect. X11. 28 Dionysius Exiguus in- 
troduced the Decennoval Cycle (called the Golden Number) 
for the Celebration of Easter. 1694 HoLpEer Désc. Time 75 
Meton. .constituted a Decennoval Circle, or of 19 years. 

So + Dece‘nnovary, + Decennove'nnal, = prec. 

1694 Hotper Diésc.7ime 77 In this whole Decennovary 
Progress of the Epacts. 1677 Cary Chronol.1. 1. 1. ii. 57 An 
Interval of 1257 Years, which make 66 Decenovenal Cycles, 
and somewhat more. 1686 PLor Staffordsh. 425 Through 
the whole Decennovennal Cycle. 

Decension, -sor, obs. DESCENSION, -SOR. 

Decent (disént), a [a. F. décené (15th c. in 
Hatzf.), or ad. L. decént-em, pr. pple. of deczre to 
become, to be fitting. It is used etymologically 
by Wynkyn de Worde (perh. as French) in 

‘1495 T'revisa’s Barth. De P. R. v. xxix., The fyngres 
highte digiti .. of this worde decent [Bod?. 7S. decere], to 
saye in Englysshe semely, for they ben semely sette.] 

1. Becoming, suitable, appropriate, or proper 
to the circumstances or special requirements of the 
case ; seemly, fitting. Ods. or arch. 

I see b]. 1547 Latimer 1st Serm. bef. Edw. VI 
(Arb.) 33 It was not decent that the kings horsses shuld be 
kept in them [abbeys]. 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1. 
xxiii. (Arb.) 279 Tell thine errand in such termes as are 
decent betwixt enemies. 1661 Evetyn Diary 20 Dec., The 
funeral of the Bishop of Hereford..was a decent solemnity. 
@ 1677 Barrow Ser. Matt. i.20(Wks. 1716) II. 257 Decent 
it was that as man did approve so man also should condemn 
sin in the flesh. 1695 avon Parall. Poetry & Paint., 
Since there must be ornaments both in poster and poetry, 
if they are not necessary, they must at least be decent, that 
is in their due place, and but moderately used. 1710 
StreLe Tatler No. 231 P2 After a decent Time spent in 
the Father’s House, the Bridegroom went to prepare his 
Seat for her Reception. 1749 Fietpinc Tom Yones v. iii, 
So total a change..that we think it decent to communicate 
it in a fresh chapter. 1827 Pottox Course 7. 11. Showing, 
too, in plain and decent phrase. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
I. 75 The founders of the Anglican Church had retained 


DECENT. 


episcopacy as an ancient, a decent, and a convenient eccle- 
siastical polity, but had not declared that form of church 
government to be of divine institution. Fn Pe 
+b. Appropriate with regard to rank or dignity. 
1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 A goodly .. manour, decent 
and convenient for a king. 1547 Latimer 1st Sermz. bef. 
Edw, VI (Arb.) 33 God teacheth what honoure is decente 
for the kynge. 1640 YorKE Union Hon. 77 The ‘Vombe .. 
is not so decent, nor convenient as his honour and acts de- 
served. 1657 J. Smitu J/yst. Rhet. 67 He useth a decent 
and due epithet, thus, Honourable Judge. 1716 Lapy M.W. 
MontacuE Basset Table 77 When kings, queens, knaves are 
set in decent rank. «1794 Gipson A xtobiog. 84 The court 
was regulated with decent and splendid economy. 
+2. Of such appearance and proportions as suit 
the requirements of good taste; comely, hand- 


some, 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1, 237 Most of their houses 
are but of one storie high, yet are they very decent, and 
have each one a garden. 1616 Buttokxar, Decent, comely, 
handsome. 1625 Bacon Ess. Buildings (Arb.) 552 An In- 
ward Court..Which is to be..Cloistered on all Sides, vpon 
Decent and Beautifull Arches, as High as the first Story. 
1669 A. Browne Avs Pict. (1675) 4 It is impossible to make 
any decent or well proportioned thing, without this Syme- 
trical measure of the parts orderly united. 1725 Pore Odyss. 
xu. 273 Her decent hand a shining jav'lin bore. 1725 Dr 
For Voy. round World (1840) 268 He had five or six apart- 
ments in his house. .two of them were very large and decent. 

3. In accordance with or satisfying the general 
standard of propriety or good taste, in conduct, 
speech, or action ; esf. conformable to or satisfying 
the recognized standard of modesty or delicacy ; 
free from obscenity. 

1545 Jove Exp. Dan. vii. 124 A fayer decent semely 
shewe of vtwarde deuocion. 1613 SHaks. //en. V///, Ww. il. 
145 For vertue, and true beautie of the soule, For honestie, 
and decent carriage. 1625 Bacon Ess. Praise (Arb.) 357 
‘To Praise a Mans selfe, cannot be Decent, except it be in 
rare Cases, 1712 HEARNE Collect. 29 Oct., "Iwill not be 
decent for me to inquire into yt Affair. 1732 BerKELEy 
Alkiphr. 1. § 10 The regular decent life of a virtuous man. 
1754 CuarHam Lett. Nephew iv. 20 Be sure to associate 
.. with men of decent and honourable lives. 1770 G1suon 
On Aeneid v1. Misc. Wks. 1796 II. 507 The laws of honour 
are different in different ages; and a behaviour which in 
Augustus was decent, would have covered A¢neas with 
infamy. 1830-2 Carteton 7vaits Irish Peasant. (Vegg's 
ed.) 375 Are you ladin’ a dacenter or more becominer life ? 
1855 Macautay /Yist. xg. 1V.265 Much more than they had 
any decent pretence for asking. 1865 Mittin A/orn, Star 
6 July, Would it have been decent in me to have gone among 
you and said, ‘I am the fittest man ?’” 

b. of persons. 

1731 SwirT Poems, Strephon § Chloe, Women must be 
decent, And from the spouse each blemish hide. 1886 
H. H. Jounston Avlimanjaro Exp. xix. 437 The Wa-Caga 
cannot be accused of indecency, for they make no effort to 
be decent, but walk about as Nature made them. 

4. Satisfying (in character, mode of living, be- 
haviour, manners, etc.) the standard of one’s 
position or circumstances; respectable. 

17iz STEELE Sfect. No. 443 ? 7 Honestus .. makes 
modest Profit by modest Means, to the decent Support 
of his Family. 1738 Pore £72. Sat. 1. 71 Even ina 
bishop I can spy desert: Secker is decent. 1771 Mrs. 
Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury 1. 239 Lord 
Herbert is at Wilton with his tutor..a decent well-behaved 
man. 1807 CrapBe Par. Reg. 1. 403 Next, with their boy, 
a decent couple came. 1831 I’, L. Peacock Crotchet Castle 
iii, Captain F.—Many decent families are maintained on 
smaller means. Lady C.—Decent families: ay, decent is the 
distinction from respectable. Respectable means rich, and 
decent means poor. I should die if I heard my family called 
decent. 1879 Gro. Exior 7hvo. Such ii. 27 Most of us who 
have had decent parents. 1882 SerjT. BALLANTINE Exper. 
Barristers Life 1. xxiii. 290, I remember a pantaloon.. He 
was a very sober decent fellow. 

b. of appearance, dress, etc. 

1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 45 Others go about ina 
pretty decent Garb. 1745 De Koe's Eng. Tradesnian (1841) 
I. xxii. 210 A well-furnished shop with a decent outside. 
1773 JouNSoN Let. Mrs. Thrale 6 Sept., In the afternoon 
tea was made by a very decent girl in a printed linen. 
1843 Mrs. Cartyte Ze/t. I. 227, I am getting together one 
decent suit of clothes for her. 1884 F. M.Crawrorp Rom. 
Singer 1. 5 We made him look very decent. 

5. Satisfying a fair standard; fair, tolerable, 
passable, ‘respectable’ ; good enough in its way. 

Distinct examples of this sense are late; within brackets 
are given some earlier quots. which may belong to it. 

[e 1642 Twyne in Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 55 They 
were put into battell arraye, and skirmished together in 
avery decent manner. 1697 Drypen V7rg.Georg. Ded.(1721) 
I, 180 If his Constitution healthful, his Mind may still” 
retain a decent Vigour.] 

17x Appison Sfect. No. 34 P10 At length, making a 
Sacrifice of all their Acquaintance and Relations, [they] 
furnished out a very decent Execution. 1773 J. BERRIDGE 
Chr. World Unmasked (1812) 29 Some debts I shall pay 
myself, a decent part of the shot. 1826 Cospetr Rur. Rides 
(1885) II. 27 The locusts. .appeared. .to be doing pretty well, 
and had made decent shoots. 1863 Fr. A. Kems_e Resid. 
in Georgia 132 There was not another decent kitchen, or 
flower garden in the State. 1880 Miss Brappon Just as 
Z am xi, She had just learnt enough English to write 
adecent letter. Jod. (Oxford Tutor) He ought to be able 
to write decent Latin prose. 

6. quasi-adv. Decently. 

1715-20 Pore J/iad vu. 513 Nor less the Greeks their 
pious sorrows shed, And decent on the pile dispose the dead. 
1761 Exiz. Bonnore Rambles of Frankly (1797) U1. 176 The 
woman was dressed neat and decent. 

7. Comb., as decent-lived, -looking. 

1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. \1.152 A small but 

12*-2 


DECENTISH. 


tolerably decent-looking house. 1892 Pali Mall G. 5 Apr. 
1,1 ig stole any spoons, and am a decent-lived man as 
a whole. 

Decentish (di‘séntif), @. collog. [f. prec. + 
-18H.] Somewhat decent, pretty decent. 

@ 1814 Dippin ‘ Tom Tough’ in Univ. Songster (1825) 83 
Laid up at last in a decentish condition. 1820 Blackw. 
Mag. V11. 298 The Jenkinsops had maintained a decentish 
sort of character. “1854 Morttey Corr. 8 May, I have a 
decentish kind of room here, and I think I stop. 

Decently (diséntli), adv. [ty 2. : 

1. Inadecent manner; withdecency ‘+ suitably; 
+ fittingly ; becomingly ; respectably. 

1 Hotozr, Decentlye, decenter. 1556 Lauper Tractate 

SF rewle his ryng In Godlie maner, decentlie. 161 
es 1 Cor. xiv. 40 Let all things be done decently [Vulg. 
honeste; Wycur, and all 16th c. vv. scperoig and in order. 
1639 Futter Holy War w. viii. (1840) 192 He also caused 
the corpses of the Christians. .decently to be interred. 1662 
Bk. Com. Prayer, Churching of Women, The woman. .shall 
come into the Church decent y apparelled. 1723 De For 
Col. Jack (1840) 221 My wife. .treated me more decently than 
she had been wont todo. 1751 Jounson Rambler No.170 P 2 
My father was burthened with more children than he could 
decently support. 1814 Sourney Roderick 1, There upon 
the ground Four bodies, decently composed, were laid. 
1871 Mortey /oltaire (1886) 74 In England, Voltaire 
noticed, the peasant is decently clad. 

2. In a fairly satisfactory way or measure; toler- 
ably, passably. 

1846 Mrs. Cartye Left. I. 368, I cannot even steady my 
hand to write decently. 1859 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) 
I. 151 If I keep decently well. 

+ Decentness. Ods. [-Ness.] The quality 
of being decent ; decency, propriety. 

1561 Veron Hunting of Purg. 37 Shall they [our dead] be 
caried forth, wythout any decentnesse, as we wont to 
cary forth dead horses? 158r MuLcasTerR Positions xxxviii. 
(1887) 178 There is a comlynesse in eche kinde, and a decent- 
nesse indegree. 1670 Evetyn Diary 6 Feb., The lawfulnesse, 
decentnesse, and necessitie of subordinate degrees and 
ranks of men. 

Decentralization (dése:ntralaizéi‘fan).  [n. 
of action from next. So mod.F, décentralisation 
(1878 in Acad. Dict.).J 

The action or fact of decentralizing ; decentralized 
condition ; esf. in Politics, the weakening of the 
central authority and distribution of its functions 
among the branches or local administrative bodies. 

1846 Bastiat & Porter Gen. Interest 40 An irresistible 
power of decentralization. 1872 M. D. Conway Repubi. 
Superst.1.i. 10 The illustration of the dangers of extreme 
decentralisation in a republic furnished by the history of 
the United States. 

Decentralize (dise‘ntralaiz), v.  [f. Dx- II. 1 
+CENTRALIZE. Cf. mod.F. décentraliser (1878 
in Acad. Dict.).] 

zrans. Toundo the centralization of ; to distribute 
administrative powers, etc., which have been con- 
centrated in a single head or centre. Hence De- 
centralized, Dece-ntralizing f//. adjs. 

1851 Nicuot. 4 rchit. Heav. 91 These unconcentrated, or 
rather de-centralized masses of stars. ¥ Bricut Sf. 
India: Aug., What you want is to decentralize your Govern- 
ment. 1860 Sat. Rev. 1X. 803/2 Decentralizing influences 
wax faint and few. 1875 MrerivaLe Gen. Hist. Rome \xx. 
(1877) 575 During the last century the government of the 
empire had become completely decentralized. 

+ Deceper, v. Os. [Illiterate spelling of de- 
separe or dessepare, a. OF . desseparer, deseparer, 
ad. late L. dis-séparare, f. dis- asunder + séparare 
to SEPARATE, SEVER.] ¢vans. Todissever. Hence 
| Dece‘peration (OF. deceperacion (Godef.)], 
separation, severance. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health 13b, The one decepered from 
the other. a1450 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 98 Deceperacion 
of the loue be twene hem. 

Decephalize (d/sefalsiz), v. Biol, [Dex- II. 
1: cf. CEPHALIZATION (Gr. xepadh head).] To 
reverse the cephalization of; to reduce, degrade, 
or simplify the parts of the head of (an animal). 
Hence Decephaliza‘tion, the simplification or 
reduction of cephalic parts ; reduction of the com- 
plexity or specialization of the head, as compared 
with the rest of the body; decephalized condition. 
(Introduced by Dana, in article cited.) 

1863 Dana_in Amer. Frni. Science & Arts ond Ser. 
XX scha Bin ples of cephalisation .. by a transfer of 
members from the locomotive to the cephalic series (or of 
decephalization by the reverse) occur in the two highest 
sub- ingdoms, those of Vertebrates and Articulates. /bid. 
5 The ] plify decephalization by de- 
generation, 


Deceptation, obs. f. Discrpratron, discussion. 


+ Dece'ptible, a. Obs. a. obs. F, déceptible 
or directly f. L. type *déceptidilis: see -BLE.] Apt 
to be deceived. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1 Humane nature ; of whose 
deceptible condition..perhaps there should not need any 
other eviction. /dfd. 1, iii, 8 An erroneous inclination of 
the people; as being the most deceptible part of mankind. 

Hence Deceptibi lity. 

1665 GLANviLL Sceps. Sci. i. 6 Considering the shortness 
of our intellectual sight, the deceptibility and impositions 
of our senses. 1837 CartyLe Diam. Necklace Misc. Ess. 


(1888) V. 162 A fixed idea..has produced a deceptibility.. 
that will clutch at straws. 


92° 

Deception (dise‘pfon). Also 6 dis-. [a. F. 
déeption (13th c. in atzf.), ad. L. déception-em, 
n. of action from décipére to DECEIVE.) 


1. The action of deceiving or cheating. 


© 1430 Lyne. Min, Poems (1840) 76 Hope dispeyred, a gwer- 
donles gwerdone; Trusty disceyte, thful decepcioune. 
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes F ij, p* ben harme- 
doers & loveth falshode and desepcion. 1490 Caxton 
Eneydos xxvi. 95 What grete decepcions and iniuries she 
ymagyneth ayenst the. cxg00 Doctr. Gd. Servauntes in 


Anc. Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 4 Fle dysceyte, gyle, and 
decepcyon. 535. Srewart Cron. Scot. 11. 126 For greit 
disceptioun all this thing he did. a1716 Soutu (J.), All 


ion is a misapplying of those signs which ..were 

made the means of mens signifying or conveying their 
thoughts. 1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 170 He was ac- 
customed to no falsehood or deception. 1862 Darwin 
Fertil. Orchids i. 45 These plants exist by an organized 
system of deception. oe : i 

b. The fact or condition of being deceived. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. mi. iv. 7 Hee is surel 

reedy of delusion, and will hardly avoide deception, pin 
, Dea Lett. xxxi. 144 The public has fallen into the de- 


ception. 1836 Hor. Smitn 7in Trump. (1876) 118 Decep- — 


tion—a principal ingredient in happiness. 


2. That which deceives; a piece of trickery; | 


a cheat, sham. 

1794 Mrs. Rapcurre Myst. Udolpho xx, There is some 
deception, some trick. 1833 Ritcnie Wand. Loire 176 
Launching the anathemas of what we call taste against so 
paltry a deception, 184 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange 
Life Il. viii. 1430 There was no background to form a 
phantasmagoria deception. - 

Hence Dece‘ptionist, one who performs feats of 
illusion ; a juggler. 

1883 Society 20 Jan. 22/1 ‘The American Deceptionist’.. 
with his marvellous juggling tricks. 

Dece'ptional, a. rare. [f. prec. + -au.] Of 
or pertaining to deception ; deceptive. 

1830 Gat Lawrie T. v. vii. (1849) 224, I played a decep- 
tional part. — 

Deceptious (dise‘pfas), a. Now rare. [a. 
obs. I, deceptieux, -cieux, in med.L. déceptios-us 
(Du Cange), f. déception-em: see -ous.] Of the 
nature of or characterized by deception ; that tends 
to deceive, cheat, or mislead. 

1606 Suaks. Tr. & Cr. v. ii. 123 An esperance..That doth 
inuert th’attest of eyes and eares; As if those organs had 
deceptious functions. 1789 Bath Frnl. 20 July Advt., To 
puff off an old stock in a deceptious manner. 1824 Ben- 
tuam Bk. Fallacies Wks. 1843 11. 437 Deceptious terms. 
1. In the war department,—Aonour and glory. 2. In inter- 


national affairs, honour, glory, and dignity. 1829 Examiner | 


706/2 False attacks, feints, and deceptious demonstrations. 
1843 Tait’s Mag. X. 622 Stripped of its deceptious summer 
verdure. 

+ Dece'ptiously, adv. Obs. [f. prec. +-1¥2.] 
In a way characterized by deception; in such a 
way as to deceive. 

1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXIII. 582 She then 
appoints him deceptiously in the bath house. 1817 BENTHAM 
Plan Parl. Reform cxv, Circumstantially but deceptiously 
evidentiary. | | : 

Deceptitious (disepti:fes), a. rare. [f. L. 
stem déceft- (see next) + -2¢zous (from L. -iczus).] 
Of a deceptive kind or character. 

1827 BentuamM Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VII. 15 Any 
deceptitious representation of psychological facts. i 

Deceptive (déseptiv), a. [a. F. déceptif, -ive 
(1378 in Hatzf.), in med. or mod.L. déceptivus, f. 
decept- ppl. stem of décipére to deceive ; see -1VE. 
In ay a recent word (not in Shaksp.), which 
has taken the place of Deceptious.] Apt or tend- 
ing to deceive, having the character of deceiving. 

Deceptive cadence (Music): false or interrupted cadence : 
grote . if deceitful, d 

1611 ., Deceptif, deceptiue, deceitfull, deceiuing. 
1656 in BLount Glossogr. pe V. Kwox Remarks Gram. 
Schools (R.), It is to be feared..that this mode of education 
.-is ultimately deceptive. 1787 Harcrave Tracts, Case 0 
Impositions (R.), The deceptive verbal criticism from words 
no longer understood. 1 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 295 
A mere shadow and deceptive nonentity. 1874 Morey 
Compromise (1886) pi e see the same men..kneeling, 
rising, bowing, with deceptive solemnity. 


+ b. as sb. Deceiving faculty. Ods. 


162 GauLe Magastrom. 268 By learning the deceptive, | 7 (r8e9) teite the prison. ee 
next of kin to his mother. 


and proving the experience, of the magical Art. 
Deceptively (dise‘ptivli), adv. [-ty*.] In 
ad ve manner, so as to deceive. 


1825 ampere | Fined ig | (248) I, bd If Pa use be 
words, an zon, he does it deceptively. 1 
Bates Nat. Amazon 11. 8 Two smaller kinds, which are 


deceptively like the little Nemeobius ina. 
Dece’ptiveness. [-nzss.] The quality of 
being deceptive. 


Cartyte Fr. Rev. u. v. vi, An Executive ‘pretend- 
ing’, really with less and less deceptiveness now, ‘to be 
dead’. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot.V1. lx. 201 A characteristic 
deceptiveness that must have com ded self-deceit. 

vity (disepti-viti). [{f£ as Deceptive 
+-1Ty.] =Derceprivensss ; also concr. a thing of 
deceptive character. 
1843 CaryLe Past & Pr. (1858) 230 A Deceptivity, a Sham- 
in; 


thi: 

+ Dece'ptor. Obs. In 5 -our. [adc (through 
Fr.) L. on ifr deceiver, agent-n. from déci- 
pere to deceive. Cf. later F. décepteur (Littré).] 
A deceiver. 


DECERN,. 


1484 Caxton sof w. xi. (1889) 116 Ypocrytes and decep- 
tours of god and of the world. 

+ Dooce prory, a. Obs. [ad. L. déceptori-us 
deceitful, f. déceptor-em deceiver: see -oORY. In 
obs. F. déceptoire.] Apt to deceive. 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. xi. (1554) 25 a, See how deceptorye 
Been all these worldly revolucions. 1727-30 in Baitry vol. 
LL, and folio; whence r7§5 in Jounson. 

Dece . vare. [fem. of DECEPTOR, an- 
swering in sense to L. deceptrix: see -ESS.] A 
female deceiver. 

1880 M. Crommetin Black A II. viii. The t 
di ress woke refreshed. tied ae cies 

+ Dece-pture. Obs. [f. L. décept- ppl. stem of 
dicipcre +-URE.] ‘Fraud, deceit’ (Halliwell). 

Dece‘rebrize, v. [f. De- Il. 1+ Crrepr-um 
+-12E.] To deprive of the cerebrum; to pith. 

Decern (dissin), v. [a. F. décerne-r (1318 in 
Godef.), ad. L. décernéve to decide, pronounce a 
decision, f. Dg- I. 2 + cernére to separate, distin- 
guish, decide: see CERN v. In OF. décerner was 
confused in form with descerner, discerner; the 
clear distinction between the two dates only from 
the 16th c.; hence, in English also, decern is found 
with the sense D1scEeRN.] 

I. To decide, determine, decree. 

+1. trans. To decide, determine (a matter dis- 
puted or doubtful). Ods. a. with simple obj. 

1425 Wyntoun Cron. vui. ii. 110 Be pe Text pai decerne 
all Thacasis. 1555 Even Decades 80 The controuersie shulde 
bee decerned by the bysshope of Rome. 

b. with zn. or object clause. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Pair. (W. de W. 1495) 1. 220a/1 Holy 
faders .. decerned & concluded that it sholde be buryed 
with theyr mayster. 1502 Arnoipe Chron. (1811) 162 Whan 
my noble prince .. had decerned to send me his oratour to 
France. 1 Stewart Cron. Scot. 1. 531 This ilk Donald 
.. Decernit hes thairfoir richt suddantlie To gif battell. 1547 
Homilies 1. Charity 1. (1859) 69 He shall not be deceived, but 
truly decern and judge. a 1619 Fotnersy A theom. 1. v. §2 
(1622) 31 To make them decerne, there should be no God 

ec. intr. 

1 Kennepy Compend. Tract.in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 
105 The Apostolis and Eldaris convenit to dispute and de- 
cerne upoun the questioun. 

2. trans. To decree by judicial sentence. Now 
a technical term of Scottish judicature ; the use of 
the word ‘decerns’ being necessary to constitute 
a DECREE: see quot. 1774 in d. 

a. with simple obj. 

cr HarrsrieLp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 182 She .. 
Boe ees .. contumax, anda citation decerned for her 
appearance. 1637 GitLesriz Ang. Pop. Cerem. m. viii. 181 
But onely pronounce the sentence according to that which 
he who sitteth judge m the Court, hath decreed and de- 
cerned. a18s0 Rossett1 Dante & Circ. 1. (1874) 118 Since 
thou, Death, and thou only, canst decern Wealth to my life, 
or want, at thy free choice. 

b. that something be done. 

1460 Capcrave Chron. 274 The lordis of this present Par- 
en [1399] decerne and deme, That dukes .. sc! 
lese .. her dignite. 1g§15 R. Samrson in Strype Eccl. Mem. 
I. i. 17 A commission to some men ..to decern [that] the 
same one exception process .. were of no strength. 
1582-8 //ist. ames V[ (1804) 21 It was decernit that .. sho 
sould be transportit to the fortalice of Lochlevin, and thair 
decernit to remaine in captivity. ; 

Ga n, etc. 4o de or ¢o do something. + 70 
decern in: to mulct in by decree of court. 

1526 Sc. Acts Fas. V (1814) 306 (Jam.) Decernit to haif in- 
currit the panis contenit in actis. 1559 Diurn. Occurr. 
(1833) 52 The forthe of Aymouth decernit to be cassin down. 
x Carron Chron, Rich. II an.-23 1. 405 We .. by the 
power, name, and authoritie to us .. committed, 
decerne [1494 Fanyan dyscerne] and declare, the same king 
Richard .. to be .. unworthy to the rule es 
1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 41 Roger 
Gordoun .. for his ie in not to - 
mittie .. is decernit in xx merks monie aby Lo 
Decerns Al der Gord to nt and'pey 
Glendon .. the soume of xxij lib. xiijs. iiijd. 1682 Lond. 
Gas. No. 1682/1 The Lords Commissioners of Lusticiary, 
therefore Decerne and Adjud of 
cat Thay © deowre and adjedge the 

oe et 
be ential 7 1 Ersxine /’rine. Se. 
decerned executor as 


d. intr. - 
Paynew Catiline xvii. 29 b, Whan they suffre, they de- 
anee: whan they hold theyr peace, they cryealoude. 2588 
A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 52 Authoritie, in governing, 


and decerning. = ere in A. M*Kay 
Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 4) 363 fore [the Lord Ordinary] 
pends the letters simpdicite . 1817 ‘kw, 


ofthe complaint. 1880 Chambers’ Encycl.s.v. Debts, 
an decerned for .. do not exceed, etc. 
e. transf. 

1850 7ait's Mag. XVII. 3106/1 One has said, ‘It is not 
this’: another avers, ‘ It is not *: one decerns it [a book] 
too elaborate. 

II. To discern. by thei 
+3. trans. To distinguish or separate by their 
differences (things that differ, one thing from 
another). Ods. 

@ 1535 [see Decerninc]. 1546 Br. Garpiner Declar. Art. 
Foye 16 b, That belefe was a condicion which decerned them 
ihat shall enioye the fruite of Christes passion, and them 
that shall not. ‘@157a Knox Hist. Ref 1846 I. 188 We 


DECERNENT. 


must decerne the immaculat spous of Jesus Christ, frome 
the Mother of confusioun. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. 
Acad.1. 99 That rule..whereby..he decerneth and chooseth 
good from bad. a1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Disc. /impresa’s 
Wks. (1711) 228 Things which cannot be decerned from 
others ; as fowls like to others. Aerts. 

b. zntr. To distinguish, discriminate be/ween. 

@1535 Sir T. More Wes. 528 (R.) To deserne betwene the 
true doctrine and the false. 1892 A. R. Watson Geo. Gil- 
Jillan iii. 38 With little skill to decern between the good 
and the evil in literature. 

4. To see distinctly (with the eyes or the mind); 
to distinguish (an object or fact); to discern. 

1559 W. CunnincHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 9 Then all that we 
ether by sight may decerne, or by arte conceive. 1595 Blan- 
chardine Pt. u. Ded., You may well decerne, that my will- 
ing minde dooth bewraie =, good meaning. c x610 Sir J. 
Metvit Mem. (1735) 94 A Princess who could decern and 
reward good Service. a@1638 Meve Afostasie Wks. (1672) 
54 The starres and lights therein should not easily be de- 
cerned. 1891 H. S. ConstasLe Horses, Sport, §& War 37 
Differences. .that cannot be decerned by the eye. 

Hence Dece'rning v//. sb., + Dece‘rnment. 

@ 1535 Sir T. More Wes. 528 (R.) The decerning of the 
true woord of God .. from the countrefet woorde of man. 
155 Rowinson tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 125 marg., The 
decerning of punishment putte to the discretion of the magis- 
trates. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 142 Judge by 
your owne decernement, how much. a@ 1679 ‘IT’. Goopwin 
Wks. 111. 1. 488 (R.) A yet more refined elective discretion 
or decernment. 

Decernable, var. of DisceERNABLE. 

+ Dece'rnent, 2. Obs. [ad. L. décernent-em, 
pr. pple. of décernére to DECERN.] Decerning ; 
= DECRETORY I. 

1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 341 The reasons of good 
and evil extrinsic to the Divine Essence are al dependent on 
the Divine Wil either decernent or legislative. 

Decerniture (déssmitiur). Sc. Zaw. [f. De- 
CERN ¥v. (or its source) ; the formation is irregular, 
imitative of such pairs as zwvest, nvestiture. Cf. 
CERNITURE.] The action of decerning ; a DeckEE 


of a (Scotch) court of justice. 

1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1x. 380 Being urged to it by Captaine 
Wairds decernitour, I freely performed his Direction. 1666 
in Brown Supflt. Morrison's Decisions (1826) 1. 517 Suffi- 
cient to maintain his right of the stipend, and to infer decer- 
niture against the heritors. 1885 D. Beveripce Cudross & 
Tulliallan I. iv. 130 We find two decernitures in favour of 
Bessie Bur. 1885 Lp. Secsorne in Law Rep. 10 Appeal 500 
The first question .. is, whether the decerniture in terms of 
the declaratory conclusions of the summons is. .correct. 

+ Dece v. Obs. Pa. pple. decerped, de- 
cerpt. [ad. & decerp-ére to pluck off, crop, cull, 
f. Dr- I. 2 + carpére to pluck, etc. With the pa. 
pple. decerpt, cf. L. décerpt-us. (Cf. Discerr: the 
two were often confused. )] 

trans. To pluck off or out; to extract, excerpt. 

1531 Etyor Gov. 11. xxiv, Tulli saieth .. Mannes soule, 
beinge decerpt or taken of the portion of diuinitie called 
Mens, may be compared with none other thinge .. but with 
god hym selfe. 1566 Painter Pad. Pleas. Ded. I. 2 Out of 
whom I decerped and chose (vaftinz) sondry proper and com- 
mendable Histories. 7657, Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 255 
Plums, decerped from .. different trees. 1678 CupwortH 
Intell. Syst. 373 That God was a Mind passing through 
the whole Nature of things, from whom our Souls were, as 
it were, decerped or cut out. : 7 

§] for DiscerP, to pull to pieces, divide. 

x Etyor Gov. 1. ii, Howe this most noble Isle of the 
worlde was decerpt and rent in pieces. 

+ Dece'rpt, v. Ods. [f. L. décerft-, ppl. stem 
of décerpére: see prec. Cf. Excerpr.] =prec. 

@1612 Donne Bia@avaros (1644) 83 The rags of Fathers 
decerpted and decocted by Gratian, and the glosses of these. 
1651 Raleigh's Ghost 355 The soule of the world, from which 
--they..taught. .that..the Soules of men, were decerpted. 

+ Dece'rptible, a. Obs. rare.—° [f. L. ppl. 
stem décerpt- (see prec.) +-IBLE: cf. contemptible.] 
‘That may be cropped off’ (Bailey, vol. II, 1727). 

+ Dece'rption. Ods. rare. [n. of action f. L. 
decerpére, décerpt-: see DECERPT and -10n.] ‘A 
cropping off, or pulling away’ (Phillips 1657); 
that which is plucked off. 

1662 Gianvitt Lux Orient. iii. (1682) 25 If our souls are 
but Sapa and decerptions of our parents. 

7 ecerta‘tion. Obs. [ad. L. décertation-em, 
n. of action f. décertare to fight it out, contend, f. 
De- I. 3 +certdre to contend.] Contention, strife, 
contest ; dispute. 

1635 Hevwoop Hierarch. v1. 334 Great hath the Decerta- 
tion Bin mongst the men, "bout the Creation of 
blessed angels. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. xii. 213 A 
decertation betweene the disease and nature. 1661 ARNWAY 
Tablet 213 (L.) The day of decertation, ‘ pro aris et focis’. 

Deces, decese, decess(e, obs. ff. DEcEASE. 

Decess (dises). rare. [ad. L. décéssus going 
down, decrease, f. décédére to go down, depart, 
etc.: cf. DEcuAsE.] Decrease, diminution. 

1854 Syp. Dosett Balder iii. 17 Whatever .. from below 
Receives nor of accession or decess. /bid. xxiv. 167. 

Decession (dise‘fan). Now rare. [ad. L. dé- 
céssion-em, n. of action from décédére (see prec.). 
(Cf. OF, décession 15th c.)] | Departure, with- 
drawal; secession; deviation from a given stan- 
dard, ‘ coming down’; decrease, diminution (opp. 
to accession). 

1606 Warner Ab, Eng. xv. xcvii. (1612) 387 The Brittish 


SS a 


93 


Church in primatiue Profession Proceeded, till did Slaughter 
make therein a forst Decession. 1611 SpeED Hist. Gt. Brit. 
Ix. xvi. § 36 By rebellious decessions, and absentments of him- 
selfe. 1623 ‘I’. Scor Highw. God 39 Succession of Persons 
without succession of Doctrine is a decession, a defection. 
1635 W. Scorr Ess. Drapery 7 (T.) By the accession and 
decession of the matter. 1655 FuLLER CA. //ist. 11. vi. § 48 
By this .. decesion of the Jews. 1822 Sourney Le/#. (1856) 
III. 336 In the event of Gifford’s decession, or decease, a 
new ‘ Quarterly Review’ has been talked of. : 

Hence Dece’ssionist, an advocate of secession. 

1866 Morn, Star 20 Aug. 6/3 The Democrats, and ., the 
decessionists. 

+ Dece'ssor. Os. [a. L. dééssor one who 
retires, a retiring officer, in late L. (Augustine, etc.) 
‘predecessor’, agent-n. from décédére to depart, re- 
tire.] = PREDECESSOR. 

1647 Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. vii. 128 The Popes may 
deny Christ as well as their Cheife and Decessor Peter. 
1651-3 — Serm. for year 1. iv. 42 David .. humbled himself 
for the sins of his Ancestors and Decessors. 

Deceue, -eyue, Deceyt‘e, obs. ff. DrcrIvE, 
DEcEI?. 

Deceuer, Decez, obs. ff. DissevER, DECEASE. 

+ Decha'rm, v. Ods. [a. F. décharmer, in 
Cotgr. descharmer ‘to vncharme, vnspell’, f. d-, 
des-, LL. dis- (see Dx- I. 6) + charmer to charm.] 
trans. To undo the effect of (a charm or spell) ; 
to disenchant. 

16.. Harvey (J.), He was.. cured by decharming the 
witchcraft. : a 

+ Dechay’, v. Ods. [ad. OF. decha-eir, de- 
cha-ir: see Decay.] By-form of Drcay v. 

1549 Conzpl, Scot. i. (1873) 2t Al dominions altris, dechaeis, 
ande cummis to subuersione. 

+ Deche,v. Oés. [OE. décan: app. not known 
in the other Teut. langs.] To daub; to smear, 
to lute. 

a 1000 Eirric Hom. (Thorpe) II. 260 Hi bewundon his 
lic mid linenre scytan zedéced mid wyrtum. c¢ 1000 Sax. 
Leechd. 1. 150 Déc ponne anne clad per of, lege to dam sare. 
Ibid, 1, 182 \xxviii, Cnuca mid rysle, and zedec anne clad 

ermid [cf. Ixxix, Smyre bonne anne clad bermid, leze to 

ere miltan). c1420 Padlad. on Hush. 1. 1124 Al thees 
comixt wol deche Every defaute, and all the woundes leche. 
(bid. 1x. 185 Oil-tempred lyme this joyntes shal scyment, 
Thenne ysels myxt with litel water renne Thorough, deching 
alle this holsom instrument. 

+Dechee'rful, 2. Obs. nonce-wd. [See Dr- 
II. 3.) Void of cheerfulness, melancholy. 

1607 MippLeton Five Gallants wv. vii, O decheerful 'pren- 
tice, uncomfortable servant. | 2 F 

Dechemicalize, -ation, dechoralize, deci- 
ceronize: see De- Il. 1. ; 

Dechenite (de'xénait, dek-). Az. [Named 
after the geologist von Dechen: see -1TE.] A 
vanadate of lead and zinc, occurring in red or 
reddish-yellow masses. 

1851 Amer. Fru. Sc. Ser. 1. XII. 208 Dechenite comes 
from .. Bavaria. 1884 in Dana J/in. 604. 

De-chri'stianize,v. [Dz- II. 1 (OF. had 

Z \-] trans. To deprive or divest of its 
character ; to make no longer Christian. 
Fraser's Mag. X.17 The Jew-bill has de-Christianised 
one branch of our legislature already. 1884 Dean Burcon 
in Pall Mall G. 11 Dec. 1/2 To de-Christianize the place— 
to disestablish Religion in Oxford—was the great object of 
those individuals. 

Hence De-chri'stianized A//. a., -izing vd/. sb., 
De-christianiza'tion. 

1869 D. P. Cuase in Standard 27 Oct., The De-Christian- 
ising of the Colleges of Oxford. 1882 Church Q. Rev. July 
434 A dechristianized nation. 1882 W.S. Lit.y in Spectator 
25 Mar. 391 The dechristianisation and the demoralisation 
of that country [France] are proceeding Jari passu. 

Deci- (desi), shortened from L. decimus tenth. 

1. In the French metric system, the initial element 
in names of measures and weights which are one 
tenth of the standard unit. (Cf. Dxca-.) Thus 
Déciare, Décigramme, -gram, Décilitre, Déci- 
métre, Décistére, the tenth part of the ave, 
gramme, litre, métre, and stére respectively. (The 
accents are generally omitted in Eng.) 

180r Dupré, Neol. Fr. Dict. s. v.,In dry measure, the.. 


décilitre is equal to one eighth of the litron, 1809 Naval | 


Chron. XXII. 363 It was about three decimetres in length. 
1810 /did. XXIV. 301 Deciar = 2-63 square toises. /did., 
Decimeter .. decilittre .. decistere .. decigram. 1871 C. 
Davies Metr. Syst. 1. 14, 1 decilitre=6-102338 cubic inches. 
1883 Daily News og ie 3/7 Cartridges of one decimetre in 
length each, 1890 /did. 14 Nov. 6/2 A decigram of liquid is 
used for each injection, 

2. Rarely in technical terms, as + deci-duodeci- 
mal a., (a crystal) having the form of a ten-sided 
prism with twelve additional planes at the ends 


(six at each end). 

1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 206 Sex-decimad, 
when the planes that belong to the prism . . and those which 
belong to the two summits, are the one six, and the other 
ten in number or vice versa .. In the same manner, we say, 
octo-decimal .. octo-duodecimal, and deci-duodecimal. 

Decidable (désaidaib’l), z. [See -aBLx.] 

1. Capable of being decided. 

1594 Carew Huarte’s Exant. Wits v. (1596) 52 What the 
vse .. of them may be..is not easily decideable. 1638 
Cuinew. Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 156. 115 Controversies .. 
about Faith, are either not at all decidable .. or they may 


DECIDEMENT. 


be determined by Scripture. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S/. 
Gt, Brit. u. u. vi, (1743) 396 All cases of trade .. are there 
decidable. 1851 Carty.e Sterding 11. i. (1871) 169 The thing 
not being decidable by that kind of weapon. 

+2. To be decided, open to decision. Obs. 

1611 Speep /ist.Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. (1632) 788 It was a ques- 
Bon ecsennie) whether of the kingdoms was first to be dealt 
with. 

Decide (désaid), v.1 Forms: 4-7 descide, 
5 deside, 5-6 decyde, 6 dissyde, discede, 7 
discide, 6— decide. [a. F. décider (1403 in 
Hatzf.), ad. L. décidéve to cut off, cut the knot, 
decide, determine, f. Dr- I. 2+-cadéve to cut. In 
OF. also des-céider, in Eng. des-, dis-: cf. Du- 1. 6.] 

1. trans. To determine (a question, controversy, 
or cause) by giving the victory to one side or the 
other; to bring to a settlement, settle, resolve (a 
matter in dispute, doubt, or suspense). 

¢1380 Wycur Sed, Wks. III. 429 Bifore pis cause were 
descided bytwene wyse men. 1484 Caxton Fables of A Ufonce 
(1889) 4 The cause came before the kyng to be decyded 
and pletyd. 1559 W. CunnINGHAM Cosmmogr. Glasse 43 There 
is great controversie touching the Earthes fourme: which 


Which must decide it. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 303 Fit to 
decide the Empire of great Heav’n. @ 1677 Barrow Wks. 
(1830) I. 363 Advocates plead causes, and judges decide 
them. 1860 TynpALL Glac. 1. xxiv. 170 The proper persons 
to decide the question. J/od. This day will decide his fate. 

2. To bring to a decision or resolve, 

1710 STEELE Tatler No. 141 ? 2 Have agreed to be de- 
cided by your Judgment. 1836 Soutney Left. (1856) 1V. 463 
‘This ‘Tasso’ came in good time to decide me in a matter 
upon which I was hesitating. 

3. absol. or intr. To settle a question in dispute ; 
to pronounce a final judgement. Const. de/ween, 
in favour of, against; also with clause (or its 
equivalent). 

1732 Pore /f, Bathurst 1 Who shall decide, when Doctors 
disagree? 1749 SMoLtetT Negicide 11. ii, Let heaven decide 
Between me and my foes. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. II. 265 
To judge and to decide on the authority of historical monu- 
ments. 1844 Marryat Privateersiman xvii. 124 You shall 
be the arbitress of her fate, and what you decide shall be 
irrevocable. 1852 T. D. Harpy J/ew. La. Langdale 10 His 
father..had decided that he should be brought up to the 
medical profession. 1863 Gro. Etior Romola 11. xxii, Mo- 
ments when our passions speak and decide for us. 

4. intr. To come toa conclusion, make up one’s 
mind; determine, resolve. Const. 2, on, wou, 
against. 

1830 D'Israrui Chas. /, II. i. 8 An English monarch now 
decided to reign without a Parliament. 1887 C. J. Annry 
Eng. Ch. & its Bes. 11. 54 Butler soon after this decided 
against Nonconformity. Zod. Have you decided on going? 
I have fully decided upon this course. 

+ 5. trans. To cut off, separate. Ods. rare. 

1579 in Fuller Holy & Prof St. u. xix. 122 Again, our 
seat denies us traffick here, The sea too near decides us 
from the rest. 

+ Deci-de, v.2 Ods. rare. [ad. L. décid-cre to 
fall down or off, f. Dg- I. 1 + cadéve to fall.] intr. 


To fall off. 

1657 Tomiinson Renou’'s Disp. 265 [The flowers of Helle- 
bore] in whose middle when they are ready to decide, grow 
short husks. 

Decided (déssi:déed), sp/. a. [f. DEcIDE v.!] 

1. Settled, certain; definite ; unquestionable. 

1790 /nipartial Hist. War in Amer. 319 Such various 
accounts have been given..that it is difficult to form any 
decided opinion. 1858 Dickens Let#, (1880) II. 61 It was 
a most decided and complete success. 1879 Roop Chromatics 
xviii. 315 Decided greens are not admitted except in small 
touches. 

2. Resolute, determined, unhesitating. 

1790 Patey Hore Paul, Rom. ii. 17 They had taken a 
decided part in the great controversy. 1828 Scorr /. J/. 
Perth vii, Henry Smith spoke out boldly, and in a decided 
voice. 1840 ALison Hist. Europe VIII. xlix. § 13. 14 He 
found them vacillating, he left them decided. 

Decidedly (désaidédli), adv. [-Ly ?.] 

1. Definitely, in such a manner as to preclude 
question or doubt. 

1790 Han. More Relig. Fash. World (ed. 3) 46 The balance 
perhaps will not turn out so decidedly in favour of the times. 
1841 W. Spatpinc /taly § /t. /s¢. I. 33 All the rustic dresses 
are not graceful, and..some are decidedly ugly. 1860 
TynpaLt Glac, 11. xxvii. 382 The lateral portions [of a 
glacier] are very decidedly laminated. 

2. In a determined manner, with decision, un- 
hesitatingly. 

1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7, (1816) I. xiv. 117 He 
decidedly answered, No. 1884 Sir J. Srepuen in Law 
Reports 12 Q. Bench Div. 281 If the House had resolved 
ever so decidedly that [etc.]. 

Deci‘dedness. [-nxss.] The quality of being 
decided ; see the adj. 

1804 W. TayLor in Ann. Rev. II. 359 That decidedness 
of practical counsel which always accompanies clearness of 
intellect. 1827 J. Aikman //ist. Scot. IV. vu. 21 Decided- 
ness of principle. 

+ Deci‘dement. Oés. rare. [f. Ducipe 7.1 + 
-MENT : cf. judgement.) = DECISION. 

@ 1625 FLetcuer Love's Pilgr. u. i, Descidements able To 
speak ye noble gentlemen. 


DECIDENCE. 


+ Decidence (de'sidéns). Ods. [f. as DecmpENT: 
see -ENCE. Cf. DecADENCE.] 1. Falling off. 
Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. mi. ix. 127 The decid 


94 


273 As non-deciduate mammals, the Cetacea are held to be 
more closely allied to the Ungulata than to the Carnivora 
which are leciduate. 1882 vine Cat 474 The placenta 
is 


of their [deer's] hornes. 

2. Falling off in strength, vigour, etc. ; decline. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vi. 165 If the bloud, con- 
stituted in this state of decidence, decay so far as [etc.]. 
Jbid. xvi. 611 When Children are in a neutral state of 
decidence. | 

+Decidency. ds. rare. [f. as prec,: see 
-ENcY.] Falling, failing, subsidence. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. P 238 Flowes not, till the ebb or 
decidency. 

+ Decident, 2. Os. [ad. L. décident-em, pr. 
pple. of décidére to fall down or off, f. Dx- I. 
1, 2+cadére to fall: cf. DecADENT.] Falling. 

1674 Durant in Phil, Trans. XLIV. 223 Decident lapi- 
descent Waters. 

Decider (désai‘da1). [f. Decrpe v. + -ER1.] 
One who or that which decides (a controversy, 
question, etc.). 

1592 WyRLEY Armorie 23 The Scriptures of God, the 
decider of all controuersies. 1764 Foote Patron 1. Ss. 
1799 I. 329 The paragon of poets, decider on merit, chief 
justice of taste. 1862 Witperrorce Let. in Life ILI. 106 
The. .danger of having..the Irish Bishops made the actual 
deciders of our doctrine. 


b. spec. in Racing. A final race or heat which | 


decides the contest ; es. an extra one run for that 
purpose, e.g. after a dead heat. 

1883 Standard 18 June 2/4 He. .disposed of Egerie in the 
decider. 1887 Daily News 8 June 6/5 This pair ran a dead 
Sted last year..and in the decider Button Park proved. .the 

tter. 

Deciding (dissidin), v/. sb. [-1nG!.] The 
action of the verb DrcipE; decision. 

1576 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 382 For the 
decyding of the same matter. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. 
xiii. § 20 In deciding of Questions in Philosophy. : 

Deciding, ///. a. [-1ncG*.] That decides; 
decisive. 

1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 68 This is a very great 
question, and a deciding question. 1856 R. A. VAUGHAN 
Mystics (1860) II. vut. vii. 74 The deciding epoch of his 
[Behmen’s] life. 

Hence Deci‘dingly adv., decisively, by way of 
decision. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. vu. xiii. 366 Herodotus. . 
hath cleared this point. .and so decidingly concludeth. 

|| Decidua (dési-diz,4). [mod. or med.L. for 
membrana décidua deciduous membrane: see Dr- 
crpvuovs.] 

1. Phys. A name given by Dr. W. Hunter to 
the membrane formed, in the impregnated uterus 
of certain orders of Mammalia, by alteration of the 
upper layer of its lining mucous membrane; it 
forms the external envelope of the ovum, and is 
cast off at parturition (whence the name). 

1785 Anat, Dialogues (ed. 2) 356 There is the false or spongy 
chorion, which Dr. [W.] Hunter has found to consist of two 
distinct layers ; that which lines the uterus he styles mem- 
brana caduca or decidua, because it is cast off after delivery. 
.. The decidua and decidua reflexa, differ in appearance from 
the true chorion. 1794 J. Hunter Wés. 1837 IV. 57 The 
enlargement of the uterus, the newly formed vascular mem- 
brane, or decidua, lining the cavity. .sufficiently prove con- 
ception to have taken place. 1841 E. Ricsy Syst. Mid- 
wt/fery 1. iii. 27 To Dr. W. Hunter are we indebted for the 
first correct description of the decidua. 

attrib. 1875 tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. X. 335 The so called 
decidua cells. ae ; 

2. Path. The lining membrane of the unim- 
pregnated uterus discharged in some cases of dys- 
menorrhza. 

1864 F. Cuurcuitt Dis. Women u, iv. (ed. 5) 211 Ovarian 
congestion, calling forth a sympathetic growth of the uterine 
glands, forming a false decidua. 1869 New Syd. Soc. Bien- 
nial Retrospect 378 The idea that it is a simple menstrual 
decidua, Fe 

Decidual (disi-dival), a. Phys. [f. Decrpu-a 
+-AL.] Of or pertaining to the decidua. 

1837 Owen Note in J. Hunter's Wks. IV. 69 The continua- 
tion of the uterine veins into decidual canals. 1859 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. V. 653 These two decidual coats. 1889 W. S. 
Pravrair Treat. Midwifery 1. u. ix. 264 The decidual cells 


are greatl increased in size. 

Deci'duary, a. rare, [f. as Dectbu-ous + 
-ARY : not on L. analogies.] Deciduous. 

1871 Darwin Desc. Man II. xiii. 80 The sheddin 
deciduary margins may be compared with the sh 
very young birds of their down. 

\| Deciduata (disi:diz,2i-ta), sb. pl. Zool. [mod. 
L. “y pl. neut. (sc. andmalia) of dectdudat-us : see 


of the 
ding by 


next.] A term comprising all ae Mammalia 
which possess a decidua or deciduate placenta: with 


some systematists the Deciduata and Non-deciduata 
are major divisions of monadelphous mammals. 

1879 tr. Haeckel’s Evol, Man 11. xix. 161 All Placental 
Animals which ss this deciduous membrane are cl. 
together as Deciduata. | 

duate (d/si‘diz,t), a. Zool. [ad. med.L. 

deciduat-us, f. DECIDUA: see -ATE2 2,] a. Pos- 
sessing a decidua; belonging to the Deciduata. 
b. Of the nature of a decidua: said of a placenta 
which is cast off at parturition. 

1868 Owen Anat. Vert. II. xxxviii. 724 The deciduate 
type of lining substance. 1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. 4& Darw. 


Deciduity (desidiviti). rare. [f. L. type 
*deciduitas, t. décidu-us: see -1TY.] Deciduous- 
ness. 

1846 Worcester cites Kerri. x 

Deciduous (disi-dizjas), a. [f. L. décidu-us 
falling down, falling off (f. décid-tre: see Dxct- 
DENT) +-ous. Cf. mod.F. décidu.] 

+1. Falling down or off. Ods. 

H. More Enthus. Tri. (1712) 32 The Lightnin; 
without Thunder are as it were the deciduous flowers of the 
ZEstival Stars. 

+b. Sinking, declining. Ods. rare. 

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 1. 16 Yon round deciduous day, 
Tressed with soft beams. 

2. Bot. and Zool. Of parts of plants or animals 
(as leaves, petals, teeth, horns, etc.): Falling off 
or shed at a particular time, season, or stage of 
growth, Opposed to persistent or permanent. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury 11. 115/1 Deciduous leaf. 1690 
Bove Chm. Virtuoso. u. $i, ich some anatomists there- 
fore call deciduous parts, such as the placenta uterina, 
and the different membranes that involve the foetus. 1704 
J. Harris Lex. Techn., Deciduous, is that which is apt or 
ready to fall..Thus the Botanists say, in some Plants the 
Perianthium or Calyx is deciduous with the Flower, i.e. 
falls from off the Plant with it. 1766 Pennant Zool. I. p. xxii, 
Upright branched horns, annually deciduous. 1784 Cowrer 
Task 11. 468 Ere the beech and elm have cast their leaf 
Deciduous. 1872 Huxtey Pys. xii. 290 The first set of 
teeth, called deciduous or milk teeth. 1875 Darwin /usectiv. 
Pl. xv. 353 The deciduous. . scales of the leaf buds. 

b. of. Of atree or shrub: That sheds its leaves 
every year ; opposed to evergreen. 

1778 Br. Lowrn 7ransl. [saiah Notes (ed. 12) 144 The oak 
[and] the terebinth.. being deciduous; where the Prophet's 
design seems to me to require an ever-green. 1816 Kirsy & 
Sp. Entomol. (1843) 1. 176 The insects injurious to deciduous 
trees mostly leave the fir and pine tribes untouched. 1875 
Lyew. Princ. Geol. 1. 11. xix. 459 The deciduous cypress. 

e. Zool. Of insects: That shed their wings after 
copulation, as the females of ants and termites. 
d. Phys. =DECIDUAL, 

1829 Bett Anat. Hum. Body (ed. 7) 111. 445 That the 
ovum. .upon its descent gets entangled behind the deciduous 
membrane. 1868 Owen Anat. Vert. III. xxxviii. 725 note, 
‘The normal canal of the uterus is obliterated by the accu- 
mulated deciduous substance. 

3. fg. Fleeting, transitory; perishing or disap- 
pearing after having served its purpose. 

1811 W. R. Spencer Poems Ded., E’en Fancy’s rose de- 
ciduous dies. 1841-4 Emerson £ss., Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 
79 They discover that all which at first drew them together 
..Was deciduous, 1870 LowEeLt Among my Bks. Ser. 1. 
(1873) 177 There is much that is deciduous in books. 

Hence Deci‘duously, Deci‘duousness. 

1868 Owen Anat. Vert. II. xxxviii. 725 The deciduousl 
developed lining substance of the piso 1727 Bai.ey vol. 
II, Deciduousness, aptness to fall. 1871 Earce PAilol. viii. 
395 This early deciduousness of our reflex pronoun. 

Decigram, -gramme: sce DEcI-. 

De'cil, decile. Astro/. [Corresponds to F. 
décile (also dextil, Littré), prob. med.L. *decilis, 
app. f. decem ten, after guintilis, sextilis.] The 
aspect of two planets when distant from each 
other a tenth part of the zodiac, or 36 degrees. 

1674 S. Jeaxe Avith. Surv. 1. (1696) 11 Aspects. .Semi- 
quintil or Decil. 1686 Goap Cedest. Bodies 1. xi. 39 The 
ee .the Biquintile. .the Vigintile, and Quindecile, and 

ecile, etc.,..We hope..we shall never be forced to own 
such Driblets of Aspects. 

Decilitre : see Dxct-. 

Decillion (désilyon). [f. Dect-, L. decem ten, 
on the analogy of mzllion: cf. billion.) The tenth 
power of a million; a number which would be de- 
noted by 1 followed by 60 ciphers. Hence Deci‘l- 
lionth a. and sé.; Deci'llionist (sorce-wd.), one 
who deals in infinitesimal doses (of homceopathic 
drugs), such as the decillionth of a grain. 

a 1845 Hoop 7o Hahnemann xii, Leave no decillionth 
fragment of your works. 1880 Brae Slight Ailm. 21 
Popular prescribers of decillionths of grains. 1865 A ¢ 
11 Mar. 345 If the homceopathists Id finally carry the 
day, would a generation of decillionists have a right to call 
Jenner and Holland quacks? 

+De'cim. Obs. [ad. L. decima: see next.) A 
tenth , tithe, 

a, ob ir R. Corton Adstr. Rec. Tower 19 It was so..in 
the best govern’d State [Rome] which let out their portions 
and Decims to the Publicans. 

|| Decima (de'sima). [L., for decima pars, tenth 

, tithe, as a tax, offering, or largess. 

1. A tenth ; a tax of one-tenth, a tithe. 

¢ 1630 in Rushw. Hist. Col? (1659) 1. App. 14 Subsidies, 
Fifteens, and such like..are fit to be released. .in recom: 
pence of the said Decima, which will yield 
more, 1811 WettincTon in Gurw. Desf. VI 
up the new decima in order to obtain means 

2. Mus. a. The interval of a tenth. (Common 
in med.L. but rare in Eng.) b. An organ-stop 
sounding a tenth above the normal or 8-feet pitch ; 
called also a double-tierce. rare. 

1819 in Rees Cyed. XI. 


our Maiesty 
I. 299 Giving 
transport. 


DECIMAL. 


Decimal (de‘simal), @. and sb. [ad. med.L. 
decimal-is of or pertaining to tenths or tithes, f. L. 
decima tenth, tithe; whence sense 2, and F. décé- 
mal in sense ‘relating to tithes’ (13th c. in 
Godef.) ; in mod. use, treated as derivative of L 
decimus tenth, or decem ten, in which sense the F. 
word was admitted by the Academy only in 1762.] 

1. Relating to tenth parts, or to the number ten ; 
proceeding y tens. 


op TE 


al ar : the arithmetic in which 
the Arabic or decimal notation is used ; in a restricted sense 
the arithmetic of decimals or decimal fracti 
Decimal numeration, the ical sy g ly 
valent in all ages, of which 10 forms the basis; i.e. in whi 
fhe make have Gintinct seuss Semen on, i num- 

are ve peers multiples or powers of 10 with the 
units added as mnieed. ‘Decienal coinage OY currency, 
a mone! system in which each successive division or 
denomination is ten times the value of next below it; 
so decimal system of weights and measures, one in which 
the ive di inations rise by tens, as in the French 
metric system, 

1608 R. Norton tr. Stevin (title) Disme: The Art of 
Tenths, or Decimall Arithmetike, teaching how to per- 
forme all computations ipa he? whole numbers with- 
out fractions, by the foure princip] Arithmetick 
.- Invented [1 585] by the excellent Mathematician Simon 
Stevin. 1619 H. Lyte Art of Tens or Decimall Arith- 
meticke 24 Here followeth two Tables of Decimal! accounts 
for money. 1659 T. Pecxe Parnassi Puerp. 154 Some 
Magistrates, void Cyphers we may call: Uselesse, but to 
make others Decimal. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1985/4 Cocker’s 
Decimal Arithmetick: Shewing the nature and use 
Decimal Fractions. 1782 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & 
Writ. (1832) 1. 273 It is very desirable that money should 
be increased in decimal ratio. 1841 E-rninstone Hist. Ind. 
I. 245 The Hindtis are distinguished in arithmetic by the 
acknowledged invention of the decimal notation. 1864 
Cotenso Arithmetic (1874) 145 ‘Decimal Coinage’, A 
Decimal Coinage.. n rect ded for adop by 


| a Committee of the House of Commons. 


b. Decimal fraction (+ number): a fraction 
whose denominator is some power of ten (Io, 100, 
1000, etc.) ; spec. a fraction expressed (by an ex- 
tension of the ordinary Arabic notation) by figures 
written to the right of the units figure after a dot 
or point (the dectmal point), and denoting respec- 
tively so many tenths, hundredths, thousandths, 
etc. The number of decimal — (t parts) is 
the number of figures after the decimal point. 

+ Decimal thirds: the parts expressed by a decimal 
fraction to 3 places, i.e. thousandths; so d. fourths, etc. 
(For a historical sketch of the notation of decimal fractions, 
the introduction of the decimal point, etc., see W. W. R. 
Ball, Short Hist. Mathem. (1888) 176.) 

1616 E. Wricut tr. Nafier’s Logarithms 19 Logarithms. . 
to fall upon decimal numbers..which are easie to be added 
or abated to or from any other nuntber. 1660 WiLLsFoRD 
Scales Comm. 60, f%/, which decimal fraction is 1s. 10}d. 
Ibid. 69, 1.060000. .1s a mixt decimal fraction. /éid.70 To 
finde Decimal Numbers for any parts of a year, as monet! 
weeks. 1674 ees Arith, (1696) 222 So ccosee divi 
by 0,125, shall make the Quotient Decimal inde, 1704 
J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Decimal, There must be just as 
many Decimal Parts cut off by the Gepeeesing Point, from 
the Product, as there are Decimals in both Factors. 1706 
a: — Introd. Math. 103 A Figure in the rst, 2d, ad. 
etc. Decimal Place, is 10, 100, 1000, etc. times less than if 
it were an Integer. 1840 Larpner Geom. 61 The number 
expressing the circumference of the circle has been deter- 
mined to 140 decimal places. 1873 J. Hamaiin Smit Arith. 
(ed. 6) 79 Placing a decimal point at the end of the Dividend, 
and aflzing as many zeros as we please. /did. 83 A Vulgar 
Fraction may be converted into a Decimal Fraction. 

¢. Of or relating to a decimal coinage, a decimal 
system of weights and measures, etc. 

1859 Sat, Rev. VIL. 13/2 The decimal project. /éd., 
During the progress of the decimal agitation. 

+2. Relating to tithes. Ods. 

1641 ‘Smecrymnuus' Vind. Answ. 
a -discharge all busi to testamentary 
and decimall causes and suites? won Hirelings 
Wks. es 1) 377, I see them still so loth to unlearn their 
deci Arith and still grasp thir Tithes. a 1662 
Hevuin Hist. Presbyterians (1670) 469 (D.) The jurisdiction 
of Ecclesiastical Courts in causes testamentary, imal, 


10. 106 Can one 


matrimonial. 
B. sb. +1. A tenth Obs. 

1641 WiLkins Math, Magick 1. xiii. (1648) 89 As a decimal, 
or one tenth, Hooke Microgr. Cj b, And the inches 
..I subdivide into mals. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 
Iv. iij. - If you keep your Account by Arithmetick, 
Decimals or 10 Parts. 

2. A decimal fraction (see 1b); in f/. often = 
the arithmetic of decimal fractions, ‘ decimal arith- 
metic’ (see 1): cf, Contos. 

Recurring decimal: one in which the exact equivalent to 
a common fraction can be ex only by the continual 

ition of one or more decimal figures ; called repeating 
one figure recurs as ‘111 etc., written -i (=4), and cér- 
culating when two or more recur as +i42857(=}). 
_ 1651 R, Jacer Viske, hao Arithmetick in Decimals. 
1660 Witisrorp Se 


Decimal..is to be eae 2 by an Unit we bore 
1805 Syp. Smirn Elem. Mor. Phafos. (1850) 180 The decimal 
of a farthing. 1816 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. §& Art II. 41 
The force of the wind on a square foot, would have peas a 
pounds and a decimal. ee Lascee Handbk. Nat. Phil. 
23A ry A, 1 


portion. . d by 13606 5. 
b. fig. A ‘fraction’; a (small) portion or part. 
1869 Biackmore Lorna ARS 265 Bhholding. < ies 


DECIMALLY. 


decimal of promise. 1892 W. W. Peyton Memorad. Jesus 
I, x Fractions of doubts and decimals of guesses. 

Hence De’cimalism, a decimal system or theory. 
De‘cimalist, an advocate of a decimal system (of 
coinage, or weights and measures). De‘cimaliza- 
tion, the process of decimalizing. De‘cimalize 
v., to render decimal, reduce to a decimal system, 
divide into tenths (¢rans. and adso/.). 

1864 Wesster, Decimalism. 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 13/2 
The ranks of the decimalists. 1887 /déd. 11 June 831/1 
The decimalists..pester the general community with mils 
..and dimes and half dimes. 1855 R. SLaTer (¢7#/e), Inquiry 
into the Principles involved in the Decimalisation of the 
Weights, Measures, etc., of the U.K. 1887 Longm. Mag. 
Sept. 517 The subject of our coinage and its decimalisa- 
tion. 1856 Leisure Hour V. 231/2 If we begin with the 
sovereign, and decimalize downwards, we come first to the 
florin. 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 13/2 Vhe decimalizing opinions 
of the ‘Standard’ Commissioners. 1867 Contemp. Rev. 1V. 
19 There would be no advantage in decimalizing the penny ; 
the halfpenny and farthing are all we want. 

im: (desimali), adv. [-LyY2.] In a 
decimal manner ; by tens or tenths; into tenths. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Decimal, As Cyphers set 
on the right Hand of Integers do increase the Value of them 
Decimally, as 2, 20, 200, etc. So when set on the left Hand 
of Fractions, they decrease their Value Decimally, as-5, -o5, 
+005, etc. 1828 Hutton Course Math. 11, 82 The edge of 
the rule is commonly divided decimally, or into tenths. 1859 
Sat. Rev. VIII. 13/1 To have weights and measures decim- 
ally divided. ; ; 

. In the form of a decimal fraction. 
in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. u. xvi. 125 The 
Weight..is 7 Pound 5 Ounces, (or Decimally) 7.31. 
+De‘cimate, s/. Ods.  [ad. med.L. dectmat-us 
tithing, area whence tithe is collected, f. L. dec?- 
mare to tithe.] ‘Tithing, tithe. 

1641 Heywoop Reader here, etc. 1 That not with their 
due Decimates content Both Tythe and Totall must encrease 
their rent ? 

Decimate (de'sime't), v. 
take the tenth, f. dectm-us tenth: see -ATE 3, 
F. décimer (16th c.).] 

+1. To exact a tenth or a tithe from; to tax to 
the amount of one-tenth. Oés. In Eng. //ist., see 
DECIMATION I. 

1656 in Biount Glossogr. 1657 Major-Gren. Desprowr 
Sp. 72 Parlt. 7 Jan., Not one man was decimated but who 
had acted or spoken against the present government, 1667 
Drypven Wild Gallant u1.i, I have heard you are as poor as 
a decimated Cavalier. 1670 Penn Lid. Consc. Debated Wks. 
1726 I. 447 The insatiable ht gAraan of a decimating Clergy. 
1738 Neat Hist. Purit, 1V. 96 That all who had been in 
arms for the king. .should be decimated ; that is pay a tenth 
part of their estates. a@ 1845 [see Decimatep]. 

2. To divide into tenths, divide decimally. Obs. 

1749 SMetuurst in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 22 The Chinese 
..are so happy as to have their Parts of an Integer in their 
Coins, &c. decimated. 

3. Afilit. To select by lot and put to death one 
in every ten of (a body of soldiers guilty of mutiny 
or other crime) : a practice in the ancient Roman 
army, sometimes followed in later times. 

1600 Dymmox 7veat. /reland (1843) 42 All..were by a 
martiall courte condemned to dye, which sentence was yet 
mittigated by the Lord Lieutenants mercy, by which they 
were onely decimated by lott. 1651 Relig. Wotton. 30 In 
Ireland. .he [Earl of Essex] decimated certain troops that 
ran away, renewing a peece of the Roman Discipline. 1720 
Ozett Vertot’s Rom. Rep. 1. 11. 185 Appius decimated, 
that is, put every Tenth Man to death among the Soldiers. 
1840 Napier Penins, War VI, xxu. v. 293 The soldiers 
could not be decimated until captured. “1855 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. \V.577 Who is to determine whether it be or 
be not necessary..to decimate a large body of mutineers? 

4. transf. a. To kill, destroy, or remove one in 
every ten of. b. rhetorically or loosely. To destroy 
or remove a large proportion of; to subject to 
severe loss, slaughter, or mortality. 

1663 J. SpeNcER Prodigies (1665) 385 The ..Lord .. some- 
times decimates a multitude of i itandevas and discovers in 
the personal sufferings of a few what all deserve. 1812 W. 
Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXXIX. 181 An expurgatory 
index, pointing out the papers which it would be fatiguing 
to peruse, and thus decimating the contents into legibility, 
1848 C. Bronte Lef#. in Mrs. Gaskell Life 276 Typhus fever 
decimated the school periodically. 1875 Let. Princ. Geol, 
II. m. xlii. 466 The whole animal Creation has been deci- 
mated again and again. 1877 Fietp Killarney to Golden 
Horn 340 This conscription weighs very heavily on the 
Mussulmen .. who are thus decimated from year to year. 
1883 L. OuipHant Haifa (1887) 76 Cholera. .was then deci- 
mating the country. 

Hence Decimated, De‘cimating A//. adjs. 

1661 MippLETON bat of Q. Pref., Now whether this 
magistrate fear’d the decimating times. 1667, 1670 [see r]. 
@ 1845 Syp. Smitu Wks. (1850) 688 The decimat 

Decimater: see DEctmaror. 

Decimation (desiméifon). [ad. L. decima- 
tion-em the taking of a tenth, tithing, n. of action 
from decimare to DECIMATE.] x 

1. The exaction of tithes, or of a tax of one-tenth ; 
the tithe or tax itself. 

Popularly applied to the tax levied by Cromwell on the 
Royalists in 1655 : see Calendar Domestic St. Pap.1655, 347. 
Cf. DecIMATE 7. 1. 

1549 Latimer 6¢h Serm, bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 165 Their 
doctrine was..but of Lotions [wz/sf7. Lolions], of decima- 
tions of anets seade, and Cummyn. ¢ 1630 in Rushw. Hist. 
Colt, (1659) I, App. 14 The first means., to increase your 


(f£ L. decimd-re to 
Ck 


person. 


95 


Majesty’s revenues. .I call it a Decimation, being so tearmed 
in teal. importing the tenth of all Subjects Estates to be 
paid as a yearly Rent to their Prince. 1655 Everyn Mew. 
(1857) I. 327 This day came forth the Protector’s Edict, or 
Proclamation. .with the decimation of all the royal party’s 
revenues throughout England. 1657 Major-Gen. Des- 
Brow Sf. in Parlt. 7 Jan., 1 think it is too light a tax, a 
decimation ; I would have it higher. 1669 WorLIDGE Syst. 
Agric. vii. § 1 (1681) 111 One that would not improve a very 
good piece of ground. .with Fruit-trees, because the Parson 
would have the decimation of it. 1738 Neat Hist, Purit. 
1V. 123 To sequester such as did not pay their Decimation. 
1827 PoLtok Course 7. 11. 669 The priest collected tithes, 
and pleaded rights Of decimation, to the very last, 1869 W. 
Motyneux Burton on Trent 40 This decimation was under 
a Sager of excommunication by Pope Alexander LV. 
. Mitt. The selection by lot of every tenth man 
to be put to death, as a punishment in cases of 
mutiny or other offence by a body of soldiers, etc. 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 768 Antonius..executed the 
Decimation. For he divided his men by ten Legions, and 
then of them he put the tenth Legion to death. 1617 CoL- 
tins Def. Bp. Ely. ii.g9. 1717 De For Mem. Ch. Scot. 
mt. 75 After the Decimations and Drafts made out of them 
for the Gibbet and Scaffold were over, these were sentenc’d 
to Transportation. 1827 Macautay A/achiavelli Ess. (1854) 
39/2 Whether decimation be a convenient mode of military 
execution. . f 

b. The execution of nine out of every ten. rare. 

1867 Freeman Norm, Cong. (1876) I. App. 674 A systematic 
decimation of the surviving male adults. By decimation 
is here meant the slaying, not of one out of ten, but of nine 
out of ten. : 

+e. The selection of every tenth member for 
any purpose. Ods. rare. 

1632 J. Lee Short Surv. 36 The foot forces are culled and 
pickt out from among the choicest youth .. by decimation, 
or taking every tenth man. 1742 Warsurton /i4s. (1811) 
XI. 155 Of a hundred arguments from reason and authority 
--he has not ventured so much as at a decimation. 

3. transf. a. The killing or destruction of one 
in every ten. b. doose/y. Destruction of a large 
proportion ; subjection to severe loss, slaughter, or 
mortality. 

1682 Sir I’. Browne Chr. Mor. 65 The mercy of God hath 
singled out but few to be the signals of His justice .. But 
the inadvertency of our natures not well apprehending this 
merciful decimation, etc. 1856 J. H. Newman Cadlista 267 
The population is prostrated by .. pestilence, and by the 
decimation which their riot brought upon them. 1871 Daily 
News 21 Sept., In situations where their decimation by 
smart rifle practice would be almost a foregone conclusion. 

Decimator, -er (de‘sime'ta1). [a. med.L. 
decimator tithe-taker, n. of action from dectmare 
to DecimaTE; or f. DECIMATE + -ER!. In F, déci- 
mateur.] 

+1. An exactor or receiver of tithes, or of taxes 
to the amount of one-tenth. Ods. 

1673 Rupyarp & Giwson Tythes ended 13 Why then do 
not the Decimators take their Tenth themselves? a 1716 
Soutu Sern. 30 Jan. (T.), We have complained of. .seques- 
trators, triers, and decimators. 

2. One who decimates ; see DECIMATE v. 3, 4. 

1862 MerivateE Rom. Emp. (1865) V. xlv. 355 The deci- 
mater of the Senate. 

+Decime!, Obs. [ad. med.L. decima tenth, 
tithe, tithing. Cf. next.} A tithing as a division 
of the Aundred in the English counties. 

1611 Speep 7heat. Gt. Brit. u. 3/2 Elfred ordained Cen- 
turies, which they terme Hundreds, and Decimes, which 
they call Tithings. ¢1630 Rispon Surv. Devon Title in 
orig. MS., The Decimes or a Corographicall description of 
the County of Devon. | 

|| Décime 2 (des¢‘m). [F., ad. L. deczma tenth.] 
A French coin of the value of one-tenth of a franc. 

1810 Naval Chron. XXIV. 302 Decime = 2 Sols. 0,3 
Deniers, P : 

Decimestrial (desime'strial), a. rare. [f. L. 
deciméstri-s, var. reading of decemméstris (f. decem 
ten + -méstris, deriv. of mensis month; cf. menstruus 
monthly) +-AL.] Consisting of ten months. 

1842 Smitu Dict. Gr. & Rom. Antig. s.v. Calendar, The 
decimestrial year still survived long after the legal govern- 
ment had ceased. 1862 G. C. Lewis Astron. Ancients i. 9 
Varro is also stated to have accepted the decimestrial year 
of Romulus. 

Decimeter, -metre: see DEct-. 

Decimo-se’xto. ? Ods. [for L. sexto decimo, 
ablative case (due to original occurrence with 27) 
of sextus decimus sixteenth.] A term denoting the 
size of a book, or of the page of a book, in which 
each leaf is one-sixteenth of a full sheet ; properly 
SEXT0-DECIMO (usually abbreviated 16mo.). Also 
applied fg. to a diminutive person or thing. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia’s Rev. 1. i, How now! my dancing 
bagent in decimo sexto! charm your skipping tongue. 
1608 Mippteton Five Gallants 1. i, Neither in folio nor in 
decimo sexto, but in octavo. 1656 Artif, Handsomt. 75 Our 
stature .. if shrunk to a dwarfishnesse and epitomized to a 
Decimo-sexto. 1659 D. Pett Jmpr. of Sea 286 The little 
decimo sextos that be both in the Sea and Land. .the small 
fish..as well as... the great folios of the Whale, and Ele- 
phant. 1706 Hearne Coélect, 4 Feb., As in Octavo’s and 
Decimo-Sexto’s. - Obs. Pr ae 

+Decinary!, a. Oss. Properly decenary. 
[f. med.L. decendri-us, f. decena body of ten; cf. 
deciner, var. of DECENER.] Divisible by ten. 

16s0 AsumoLe Chym. Collect. 88 That so in a Decinary 
number, which is a perfect number, the whole Work may be 
consummate,  /6/d. 92. 


| 


DECIPHER. 


Decinary 2, -ner: sce DECENARY, -NER. 

Decine, Chem.: see DECYL. 

Decipher (désai‘for), v. Forms: 6-7 des-, 
discipher, -cypher, (6 discifer, -sipher, 7 decy- 
fer), 6— decipher, -cypher. [f. CrpHER, after F. 
déchiffrer, in 15th c. deschiffrer, {. des-, de- (DE- 
I. 6) +chiffre cipher. Cf. lt. deciferare (Florio).] 

1. trans. To convert into ordinary writing (what 
is written in cipher) ; to make out or interpret (a 
communication in cipher) by means of the key. 

1545 Eart Hertrorp Let. Hen.V///in Tytler Hist. Scot? 
(1864) II. 404 A letter in cipher..which we have deciphered. 
iss2z Ascuam in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 12 Seeing our 
lettres fittly dissiphered. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. xvi. 
§ 6 The virtues of them [ciphers]. .are..that they be impos- 
sible to decipher. @ 1674 CLarENDON //ist, Red. x. (1843) 
595/2 The following letter was sent him by the Lord Jermyn, 
in whose Cipher it was writ, and deciphered by his lord- 
ship. 1709 HEARNE Collect. 24 Nov., Mr. Blincoe, being her 
Majesty's Officer in decyphering Letters, when there is 
occasion. 1839 James Louis X/V, 1. 9 The Queen was 
too closely watched to put the correspondence in cypher 
herself, or to decypher the answers she received, [See also 
CipHer sé, 5 and v. 2.) 

2. ¢ransf. To make out the meaning of (char- 
acters as difficult as those of a cipher): a. of ob- 
scure or badly-formed writing. 

1710 STEELE Tatler No. 104 ® 5 With much ado I deci- 
phered another Letter. 1799 C. Durnrorp W7d/es’ Rep. Pref. 
4 The necessity of decyphering and transcribing myself the 
manuscripts of the learned Chief Justice which are in a 
character peculiar to himself. 1855 Bain Senses §& /nt. ut. 
ii. § 21 In deciphering bad hand-writing there is scope for 
identifying sameness in diversity. 

b. of hieroglyphics, or writing in a foreign 
alphabet. Also fg. 

1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. ad (1747) III. 264 When our 
Saviour came into the World he unveiled the Jewish Religion, 
and deciphered all those mystical Characters wherein its 
spiritual Sense was expressed. 1750 Jounson Rambler 
No. 19 P11, I have found him..decyphering the Chinese 
language. 1794 SuLtivan V’zezwv Nat. II. 361 Coins .. with 
legends in a character not to be decyphered by the anti- 
quaries of Europe. 1843 Prescott J/e.rico (1850) I. 175 He 
deciphered the hieroglyphics. 1858 F. Hatt in Fraud. cl static 
Soc. Bengal 217 The Khaira inscription..has been partially 
deciphered. 

3. ‘To make out the meaning of (anything obscure 
or difficult to understand or trace): a. of things 
Jig. treated as writings ; b. of other things. 

@ 1605 Danirt Philotas, These secret figures Nature’s 
message beare Of comming woes, were they deciphered 
right. 1862 C. P, Hopcson in Guardian 30 Apr. 424 ‘The 
history of the ‘Ainos’ also is a singular book to decipher. 
1865 LiviNGSTONE Zamdbest xxv. 535 Attempting to decipher 
the testimony of the rocks. 

« 1669 GALE Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. vi. 33 Learned Bochart.. 
does thus decipher this riddle, 1788 Rrip Aristotle's Log. vi. 
§ 2. 141 We may at last decypher the law of nature. 1874 
SrurGeon J7vas. Dav. Ps, 1xxxiv. 6 Probably there is here 
a local allusion, which will never now be deciphered. 1884 

BowER & Scotr De Bary’s Phaner. 367 A structure which 
at the first glance is difficult to decipher. 

+ 4. To find out, discover, detect. Ods. 

1528 GarpINER in Pocock Rec. Ref I. 1. 104 To the intent 
we might the better discipher the very lett and sticking. 
1574 Dee in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 37 Yf by such a 
secret..Threasor hid may be deciphered in precise, place. 
1588 SHaks. 774, A.1v. il. 8 That you are both decipherd, 
thats the new For villaines markt with rape. 1599 
Sir R. Wrorne in Ellis Orig. Leté. 1. 11. 181, I have 
appoynted sum especiall spyall of them to bewray them and 
to know them..and I hope in time to have them discifared. 

+5. Of actions, outward signs, etc.: To reveal, 
make known, indicate; to give the key to (a 
person’s character, etc.). Ods. 

1529 More Suppl. Soulys Wks. 329/1 If he would nowe.. 
belieue those .iij. or .iiij. noughty persones, against those 
-iij. or .iiij. C. good and honest men: he then should well 
decypher himselfe, and well declare therby, etc. 1598 
Suaks. Merry W. v. ii. 1o What needes either your Mum 
or her Budget? The white will decipher her well enough. 
@ 1649 Drumm. or Hawtu. Fam. Epist. Wks. (1711) 143 
Crosses serve for many uses, and more than magistracies 
decipher the man. 1793 Hotcrorr Lavater’s Physiog. 
Xxxviii. 197 Each man has his favorite gesture which might 
decypher his whole character. 

+b. Of persons: To reveal. Ods. 

1594 J. Dickenson Avisbas (1878) 37 I haue a secret to 
disclose, a sorrowe to disciphre. f : 

+ 6. To represent verbally or pictorially ; to de- 
scribe, delineate, portray, depict; = CIPHER v. 3. 

1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 191 Thane begane he 
to dissipher the lyves of diverse Papes, and the lyves of all 
the scheavelynges for the most parte. 1579 Gosson Sch. of 
Abuse (Arb.) 19 Whether he were better with his art to dis- 
cifer the life ive Nimphe Melia, or Cadmus encounter with 
the Dragon, or [etc.]. _160x Hottanp Péiny Il. 145 First 1 
will discipher the medicinable vertues of trees. 1607 Tor- 
sELt Four. Beasts (1658) 112 Those Painters which could 
most artificially decipher a Dog..were greatly reverenced 
among the Egyptians. 1626 Massincer Rom. Actor t. i, 
On the stage Decipher to the life what honours wait On good 
and glorious actions. 1714 AppIsoNn Sfect. No. 613 P 8 De- 
ens them on a carpet humbly begging admittance. 
1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscg's Accompl. Woman 1 The fancied 
Loves which these romantic Tales decipher. 

+7. To represent or express by some kind of 
character, cipher, or figure; =CIPHER v. 2. Obs. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 144 One tearmed by 
the name of Friendship, and this other challenging onely 
to be deciphered by Love. 1644 Butwer Chiron. 15 The 
ancient Masters of the Hieroglyphiques..used to decypher 


DECIPHER. 


a distinct and articulate voyce by a Tongue 1720 WATER- 

LAND 8 Servm., The Son being decipher’d and figur’d under 

those names or Characters. 1727 Swirt Gulliver, Brob- 

se 9, Fone Of these hairs I likewise made a neat little purse, 
with majesty's name di red in gold letters, 

Hence Deci‘phered ///. a. 

Graves Rom. Law in Encycl. Metrop. 776/1 A copy of 
the hered text. 
‘pher, s/. [f. prec. vb.] The decipher- 
ment or translation of a cipher. 4 

1545 Eart Hertrorp Let. to Hen. VIII in Tytler Hist. 
Scotd, (1864) I. A letter in cipher..which we have de- 
ciph and send both the cipher and the decipher to your 

jesty herewith. 1571 State Trials, Dk. of Norfolk (R.), 
er brought me a di er, telling me, That forty was 
for me, and thirty for the Queen of Scots. @ 1670 HackeT 
Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 22 His Majesty had pointed at no 
person, nor disclosed his meaning by any bag ga or intima- 
tion. 18r2 WELLINGTON in Gurw. IX. 280, I wish that the 
Marques had sent the ciphered letter here, or at least an 
accurate copy of the decipher. 1878 N. Pocock Harfsfield'’s 
Divorce Hen. VIII Notes 324 The sage is in cypher, 
and runs as follows in the decypher given by Mr. Brewer. 
+b. Description, delineation. Ods. 

a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams u. 220 (D.) A Lord Chan- 
cellour of France, whose ecipher agrees exactly with this 
great prelate, sometimes Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. 

Decipherable (disai:farab’l), a. [f. DectrHER 
v.+-ABLE, Cf. F. déchiffrable (17th c.).] Capable 
of being deciphered, made out, or interpreted. 

1607 Dekker Ant.’s Conjur. (x84a) 67 In his countenance 
there was a kinde of indignation fighting with a kind of ex- 
alted ioy, which by his very gesture were apparently deci- 
pherable. 1787 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) 11. 334 The form 
which affairs in Europe may assume, is not yet decipherable 
by those out of the cabinet. 1854 H. Mitter Sch. & Schm. 
(1858) 135 Half-effaced but still decipherable characters. 

Hence Deci‘pherably a/v. nonce-wd., in a de- 
cipherable manner. 

1890 Temple Bar Mag. Aug. 480 [They] still tell their 
curious faint tale decipherably. 

Deci-pherage. zonce-wd. Decipherment. 

1851 H. Torrens Prxd. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 42 This is due 
to the decypherage of the Behistun and other inscriptions. 

Deciphera‘tion. once-wd. =prec. 

1838 Fraser's Mag. XVIII. 235 Our strongest microscope 
and concentrated powers of decipheration. 

Decipherer (d/sai-faraz). [f. DEciPHER v. + 
-ER: cf. F. déchiffreur (16th c. in Hatzf.).] One 
who deciphers ; one who makes out the meaning 
of what is written in cipher, or in indistinct or un- 
known characters. 

Formerly the title of a government official. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay Pref. g Anatomists or Deci- 
pherers of nature; such as Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle. 
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xv. § 6 Suppose that cyphars 
were well managed, there bee multitudes of them which ex- 
clude the discypherer. 1715 //ist. Register, Chron. Diary 
63 John Keil, Esq.; appointed his Majesty’s Decypherer. 
1863 Kincrake Crimea 11. xvi. 100 The message came in 
an imperfect state. Part of it was.. beyond all the power of 
the decipherer. 

Deci'pheress. 7ave—'. [See -Ess.] A female 
decipherer. 

a 1763 Byrom rpreain Hl 6 And thou, O Astrology, Goddess 
divine, Celestial decypheress. 

Deciphering (disai'forin), oJ/. sh. [-1nNG1.] 
The action of the verb DECIPHER in various senses. 

1gs2 Ascuam in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 13 And bicause 
I pears this in siphering, I think other may perhaps 
light za the same in dissiphring. 1712 HEARNE Collect. 
(Oxf ist. Soc.) III. 43 He .. understood the Art of 

ecyphering tolerably well. 1883 Atheneum 17 Nov. 629/3 
Much of it is actually due to his own deciphering. 

Decipherment (d/ssi‘farzmént). [Drcirner 


v. + -MENT; a modern word, not in 1847. 
Cf. F. déchiffrement (16th c. in Hatet | The 
action of deciphering ; esf. interpretation of hiero- 


glyphics or of obscure inscriptions, 

1846 in Worcester [who cites For.Q. Rev. and notes it as 
rare). 185x D. Witson Preh. Ann, (1863) II. 1. iv. 287 In- 
scriptions more elaborate and difficult of decipherment. 1862 
Max MULtER Chips (1880) I. v. 122 His later decipherments 
of the Cuneiform inscriptions. 1874 Savce Compar. Philol. 
aa Fie The decipherment of the records of Assyria and 
Babylonia. 


iL 

Decipium (disi-pidm). Chem. tna. irreg. f. L. 
decip-tre to deceive, with ending of sodium, potas- 
sium, cerium, etc.) A sup rare metallic ele- 
ment of the cerium earth group. 

Its oxide, Decipia, was discovered by Delafontaine in 
ot in the samarskite of North Carolina, and the iodate, 
sulphate, and other salts have been prepared. the sup- 
position that decipia, of which the molecular weight is 390, 
is Dp2 Og, it is inferred that decipium is a triad of 
atomic weight 171. (See Comptes Rendus txxxvu. 632 and 
xcut. 63, and Watts Dict. Chem. (1881) VIII. 2156.) 

Deciple, -pel, obs. forms of Discrrir. 

+ Deci‘rcinate, v. Obs. [f. L. décircind-re to 
round off, f. Dg- I. 2, 3 + circin-us circle.] To 
round ng form into a circle. 

1656 in Biounr Glossogr. [but wrongly explained]. 1685 
Goap Celest. Bodies 1. v. 14 He the Sun} imprinteth his 
Face on the Roscid Cloud, and decircinates the Iris with 
his Pencil. /dfd. 1, xiii. 337 If the ) decircinates the 
Circle. 1721 Baiwey, Decircinate, to bring into a compass or 
roundness : todraw a Circle with a pair of Compasses. 

Hence + Decircina‘tion. 

1731 in Batwey vol. II. 


96 


i Deci-ee, . Obs, [f. L. décis-, ppl. stem of 
décidére to Decwwe: cf. excise, incise. 


= DEcIDE 
v.. Hence Deci-sed, Peol'sing Ht adjs. 
Bate Brefe Comedy in Harl. Misc. 
ver men to despyse As the lawes of to hys 
pone doth decyse. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Know/. u. Pref., 
n decising some y of religi 1570 Levins 
Manif. 148/11 To decise, decidere, discutere, 1641 R. 


Bawire Lett. & Fruis. (1841) 1. To make that short, 
decised and nervous answer. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ 
Voy. Ambass. 325 A Judge finds not so much difficulty in 


decising the differences of a Province, as [etc. 

Deciser : see Decisor. 

Decision (disi‘zen). Also 5 decysion, 6 -syon, 
decisioun, desision. [a. F. décision (14th c. in 
Hatzf.), ad. L. décision-em cutting down, decision, 
n. of action from décid-ére to DECIDE.] 

1. The action of deciding (a contest, contro- 
versy, question, etc.) ; settlement, determination. 


(Malh.) I. 210 | decisively 


m Cal 
British Weekly 8 June 105/5 Poe is i 


Dele a. [-nEss.] The 
quality of being ve ; conclusiveness ; resolute- 
ness, decision. 


1727 in Baiey vol. Il. 1797 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 45/2 They 


| knew the decisiveness of his temper. Cartyte #7. Rev. 
3 Aa 


| a, 1. vi, The Mutineers 


1490 Caxton Eneydos vi, 23 He hath not rendred the © 


reason or made ony decysion. 1538 Starkey England u. 
ii. 192 Thys causyth sutys to be long in decysyon. 1651 
Hosses Leviath. u. xviii. gt The decision of Controversies. 
1769 Funius Lett. i. 9 In the decisien of private causes. 
1833 Hr. Martineau Manch. Strike vii. 73 For the decision 
of questions daily arising. 

b. (with a. and /.) The final and definite result 
of examining a question ; a conclusion, judgement : 
esp. one formally pronounced in a court of law. 

152 App. Hamicton Catech. (1884) 5 The decisiouns and 
determinatiouns of general counsallis. 161 Biste 7raus/. 
Pref. 11 Then his word were an Oracle, his opinion a deci- 
sion. 1651 Hospes Leviath, ut. xlii. 311 To compell men to 
obey his Decisions. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises (ed. 3) 
II. 95, I have not been able to discover more than one dictum 
and one decision in favour of the distinction. 1883 Froupe 
Short Stud. WV... iii. 35 Vhe decisions of the clergy were 
more satisfactory to themselves than to the laity. 

2. The making up of one’s mind on any point or 
on a course of action ; a resolution, determination. 

1886 St. Georce Stock tr. Aristotle's Ethics m. i. 43 It 
is hard at times to decide what sort of thing one should 
choose..and still harder to abide by one’s decisions. ox. 
Let me know your decision. Decision for Christ. 

3. As a quality: Determination, firmness, de- 
cidedness of character. 

1781 Burke Corr. (1844) I]. 438 We want courage and 
decision of mind. 1805 Foster Fs. ii. (title), Decision of 
Character. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits Wks. (Bohn) II. 30 
On the English face are combined decision and nerve. 


+ 4. Cutting off, separation. Oés. 


1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. 1. ii. 59 Without decision 


of seed. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. vi. (1612) 246 bea 
decision of the Lymme whence all the bayne dia joe. 
1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 827 (R.) From rocks and 
stones along the sea. .there be decisions pass of some parcels 
and smal fragments. 1 Pearson Creed 1, 221 Human 
generation. .is performed by derivation or decision of part of 
the substance of the Parent. 

Deci‘sional, 2. vare. [f. prec.+-aL.] Of, or 
of the nature of, a decision. 

1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 503/2 These opinions of the 
minority can have no decisional effect. 

Decisive (d/saisiv), a. (st.)  [ad. med.L. déci- 
siv-us, {. décis-, ppl. stem of décidére: see -IVE. 
Cf. F. décistf, -tve (1413 in Godef. Supf/.).J 

1. Having the quality of deciding or determining 
(a question, contest, etc.); conclusive, determi- 
native. 

1611 Cotcr., Decisif, decisiue, deciding, deter fit or 
able to end a controuersie, 1647 CrasHaw Poems 147 
That sure decisive dart. 1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. 1. 255 
Notions .. unsupported by decisive experiments. 
Turtwatt Greece L. vii. 260 Tisamenus was slain in the 
decisive battle. 1892 L. W. Cave in Law Times Rep. 
ee 199/2 The case .. is really decisive of the point 
raised, 

2. Characterized by decision; unhesitating, reso- 
lute, determined ; = DEcrIDED 2. 

1736 Butter Anal. u. vii. 355 To determine at once with 

ecisive air. 1858 Max Mizess Chips (1880) IIL. iii. 68 
The age..was not an age of decisive thought or decisive 
action. 186x Dickens Gt. Expect. v.20 The serjeant, a de- 
cisive man, ordered that the sound should not be answered. 

3. That is beyond question or doubt, that cannot 
be mistaken ; hence often = DxcIDED 1. 

1794 S. Witiams Vermont 160 Operate with a decisive in- 
fluence to give them new force. 1835 I. Tavtor Spir. Despot. 
ii. 38 A decisive leaning toward what is most simple and 
intelligible. 1880 L. Sternen Pofe iii. 71 The sustained 
vivacity and emphasis of the ~ give it [Pope's Iliad) a 
decisive superiority over its rivals, 

| ellipt. as sb. 

a 1734 Nortu Exam. 1. ii, § 64 (740) 63 The Roman 
Catholic Peers were so many, as nearly if not wholly made 
a Decisive, for they went altogether as one Man. 

Decisively (désoi'sivli), adv. [-1y2.] Ina 
decisive manner. 

1. Conclusively ; so as to decide the question. 

1651 Baxter /n/. Baft. 121 The Authority of in 
matters of Faith is. declarative, and not decisively judicial, 
1756 Watsonin Phil. Trans, XLIX. eS — 
cleared 


ly, and 
1870 Anperson Missions Amer. 


I. J with a de- 

cisiveness, which to Bo seems insolence. Froupe 

Hist. Eng. ee bi vi. 23 The King, with swift decisive- 
e 


+Deci‘sor, -er. Oés. [a. med.L. déisor, 
agent-n. from décidére to decide.] One who de- 
cides causes or controversies; a decider, arbiter. 

1563 Foxe A. § M. 68b, Thys King (Hen. II], to whom 
other Princes dyd so resort, as to their arbitrer and deciser. 
1564 Hawarp Exutropius 1. g Two whome they called Tribuni 
plebis .. to be peculier decisers determiners of their 


| causes. 1888 B. Pick in Libr. Mag. Mar, 245 They were 
Decne” ¢ Oaietaaea? 


ine 
digging. — 
a disposed 


called Saboraim, ‘ 4 . 
+Deci‘sory, 2. Obs. rare-°.  [ad. med.L. 

décisori-us, f. decisor : see prec. and -ory. In F, 

décisoire (14th c. in Godef. Supt) Decisive. 

1611 Cotcr., Decisoire, decisorie, deciding; fit, vsed, or 
able, to decide controuersies. 1755 in Jounson. 

Decistere : see Drct-. 

Decitizenize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Decivilize (dési-viloiz), v. [De- I. 1: in 
mod.F. déciviliser (Littré).] To divest of civil- 
ization, to degrade from a civilized condition. 
Hence Deci'vilized f/. a., Deci-vilizing v0/. sb. 
and ff/. a.; Decivilization, the process or con- 
dition of losing civilization. 

a1859 De Quincey has decivilized (F. Hall). 1876 H. 
Spencer Princ. Sociol. § 71 We have but to imagine our- 
selves de-civilized. — Sat. Rev. 27 Aug. 246/1 He was 
barbarized, de-civilized, and enslaved. 1889 Ch. Times 
15 Feb. 159/1 The decivilising effect of the wars. 1878 NV. 
Amer. Rev. CX XVII. 447 General. harm, and deciviliza- 
tion, of the people. E. W. Benson in Law Times 
LXXVIII. 338/1 If it might stem by even its own ruin 
the process of decivilisation. 

Deck (dek), sé. Also 5 dekke, 6-7 decke. 
[In sense 1, app. of Flemish or LG. origin. 

Insense 1, prob. a. MDu. dec (neuter) roof, covering, cloak, 
pretext (app. from decke :—OTeut. Jakjo™, from same root 
as Deck v.): cf. Kilian ‘decke operimentum, lodix=decksel 
operimentum, opertorium, tegumen, tegumentum, tegmen, 
stragulum’; also mod.Du. de& bed-covering, horse-cloth. 
But in the nautical sense, 2, the word is not known in Du. 
before 1675-81, when de (neuter) appears as a synonym of 
verdek, quoted in the nautical sense in 1640, but recorded 
by Kilian, 1599, only in the general sense ‘tegumen, vela- 
men’. Thus, deck in the nautical sense, appears to be known 
in Eng. 160 years earlier than in Dutch. It may be simply 
a specific application of the general sense ‘covering ", or it 
may come more immediately from the M Du. sense ‘ roof.’] 

i. +1. A covering. Ods. 
In quot. 1466 app. some material used for covering ; with 


1712 pres _ yo " 348 M " Joh 
ann, «fp. mastyr paid to n 

By sabe for ne poe a of ke for the spynas, iijs. 
Barcray Shyp of Folys (1874) 1. 38 Daan yer Decke, Slut, 
+. mean r Copyntanke. 1712 Z Gon Ris qnen’e 
a Soothe Wes ea Oe ee 

"d with blue. 
. Naut. A platform extending from side to side 
of a ship or part of a ship, covering in the space 
below, and also itself serving as a floor; formed of 
planks, or (in iron ships) of iron plating usually 
covered with planks. i 

The pri notion was ‘ ing’ or ‘ * rather than 
“heen”: wen ian 15 eal sea cf. 1466 in sense 1, 
where the ‘ dekke for t spynas’ 0s pinuam, mew nny been 
a covering of canv: in, or the like. In ezrly craft 
there was a deck oaly at the stern, so that 16th c. writers 
sometimes use deck as equi to poop. In Elyot (1538), 
whence in Cooper, Huloet, and Baret, deck is erroneously 
mais nc ey ates af, cal 

1513 Ecuyncnam to oo. (MS. Cott. Calig. D. 
vi. If. x10), And bycause I no Rayles upon my dek 
I coyled a cable rounde a [boute the] dek brest hye and 
lik = a waste. 1538 c. ages Inv. Res Bark 
Cott. xxviii), In primis, the shype with oon over- 
i Ieee, oeay anata & a.clocs ber deck made from 
the mast forward whyche was made of laet. Item aboue the 
somer castell A deck from the mayne mast aftward. 1550 
Nicotts Thueyd. (tr. Seyssel’s Fr. version of Valla’s Lat,) 


1 Fas gg eo former e, and the mooste 
theird (Fr, la plus part du couvert de leurs na' 
copper [F. enir, 


off the rudde! et : at nale oF pn dow: oa The of 
the rudder. id. i e 
this galley. .chi sive wroughte marvellous fayre with 
diuers colours pee hystories. .ingraued and wrought in \ 
59 It is very evil for to 

ler the port. 1610 SHAKS. 
the Beake, Now ae ane, e me 
ml. 

danger of their shot..we vntyed 
Deck. Dasavas 

1o whereof are 


out of 
haar coeared 


a deck and a sail. f 4 
125 The captain walked the deck at a rapid stride. 


DECK. 


b. With qualifying words. 

The largest ships of the line had main-deck, middle and 
dower deck; also the upper or spar-deck, extending from 
stem to stern over the main-deck, and the orlof deck (which 
carried no guns) below the lower deck; they had also a 
poop-deck, or short deck in the after part of the ship above 
the spar-deck, and sometimes a forecastle deck, or similar 
short deck in the fore-part of the ship, sometimes retained 
in merchant ships and called the /op-gal/lant forecastle. See 
also HALF-DECK, HurRRICANE-DECK, QUARTER-DECK, etc. 

1598 Fiorio Dict, To Reader 9g, I was but one to sit at 
sterne, to pricke my carde, to watch vpon the vpper decke. 
c 1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 12, I see a man 
that’s in the lower deck. 1627 Cart. Smitu Seaman's 
Gram. ii.6 A Flush Decke is when from stem to sterne, 
it lies upon a right line fore and aft. 1637 Heywoop 
Royal Ship 45 She hath three flush Deckes, and a Fore- 
Castle, an halfe Decke, a quarter Decke, and a round-house. 
@ 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts m1. 346/1 They make 
close the Forecastle and Half-Deck. 1836 Marryat Midsh, 
Easy xii, Easthupp would constantly accost him familiarly 
on the forecastle and lower deck. /did. xiii, He then pro- 
ceeded to the quarter-deck. did. xxvi, To comply with the 
captain’s orders on the main deck. 

ec. In phrases, as above deck (also fig.), BETWEEN- 
DECKS, on deck, under deck(s; to clear, sweep the 
decks (see CLEAR v., SWEEP v.). 

On deck fig. (U.S.): at hand; ready for action; in Base- 
bail, next at the bat, with the right or privilege of batting 
next. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry W, 11. i. 94 F. Ile be sure to keepe him 
aboue decke. P. So will I: if hee come vnder my hatches, 
Ile neuer to Sea againe. 1647 CLARENDON /7isé. Red. vi. 
(1843) 297/2 Committed to prison on board the ships .. 
where they were kept under decks. 1659 D. Pett Jipr. of 
Sea 4x9 Mow hang the lighted Lanthorns betwixt decks and 
in the Hold. a@1679 GurnaLt in Spurgeon 7¥eas. Dav. Ps. 
Ixy. 3 Poor Christian, who thinkest that thou shalt never get 
above deck. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton xi. (1840) 194 
The rest ran..down between decks. 1857 R. Tomes Amer. 
in Japan iv. 110 [He] left the banquet to be discussed by 
his officers and men, who. .soon cleared the decks. 

3. Mining. (See quot.) 

1888 GREENWELL Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 
(ed. 3) 31 Deck, the platform of a cage upon which the tubs 
and when being drawn up or lowered down the pit. 

4. In U.S. ‘A passenger-car roof, particularly 
the clear-story roof’ (Standard Dict.). 

II. 5. ‘A pack of cards piled regularly on each 
other’ (J.); also the portion of the pack left, in 
some games, after the hands have been dealt. 
Since 17th c. dal, and in U.S. 

1593 SHaxs. 3 Hen. VJ, v.i. 44 But whiles he thought to 
steale the single Ten, The King was slyly finger’d from the 
Deck. 1594 ?GREENE Sedimus Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 251 If I 
chance but once to get the decke, To deale about and shuffle 
as I would. x BarnFIELp Sheph. Cont. viii, Pride deales 
the Deck whilst Chance doth choose the Card. 1609 ARMIN 
Two Maids Moreclacke (N.), ’\ deal the cards, and cut you 
from the deck. 16.. Grew (J.), The Selenites, of parallel 
plates, as ina deck of cards. 1777 Branp Pop. Antig. (1849) 
II. 449 In some parts of the North of England a pack of 
cards is called to this day .. a deck of cards. 1860in Bart- 
Lett Dict. Amer. 1882 Bret Harte Gentl. La Porte in 
Filip, etc. 135, I reckon the other fifty-one of the deck ez as 
pooty. 1884 Chesh, Gloss., Deck o’ cards, a pack of cards. 
1885 Century Mag. XXI1X. 548/1 An old ratty deck of cards, 

+6. A pile of things laid flat upon each other. 

1625 F. Marxuam Bk. Hon. u. vi. § 5 Any whose Pedigree 
lyes so deepe in the decke, that few or none will labour to 
find it. 1631 Celestina xix. 185 Subtill words, whereof such 
as shee are never to seeke, but have them still ready in the 
deck, 1634 SANDERSON Sevmz. II. 287 So long as these things 
should hang upon the file, or lie in the deck, he might per- 
haps be safe. *673 Marve. Reh. Transp. I. 394 A certain 
Declaration .. which you have kept in deck until this 
season. 

+ '7. Of a cannon: see quot. Ods. 

1672 W. T. Compleat Gunner 1. iv. 5 The Pumel or Button 
at her Coyl or Britch-end is called the Casacabel or Deck. 

IIT. attrzb.and Comb. (from sense 2), as deck-chair, 
-cleat, -flat, -officer, -passenger, -plank, -pump, -seat, 
-stool, -swabber, -transom, -watch; also, deck- 
beam, one of the strong transverse beams sup- 
porting the deck of a ship; deck-bridge, (a) a 
narrow platform above and across the deck of 
a steamer amidships; =BripGE sé. 5; (0) a bridge 
in which the roadway is laid on the top of the truss 

(opp. to a through bridge); deck-cargo = deck- 
load; deck-collar (U.S.), the iron collar or ring 
through which the stove-pipe passes in the roof of 
a railway carriage; cf. deck-plate ; deck-flats (see 
Fuat sd.) ; deck-hand, a ‘hand’ or workman 
employed on the deck of a vessel; deck-head, 
a name for the slipper limpet (Crepidula); deck- 
hook, ‘the compass timber bolted horizontally 
athwart a ship’s bow, connecting the stem, timber, 
and deck-planks of the fore-part ; it is part and 
parcel of the breast-hooks’ (Smyth Sailor's Word- 
6k.) ; deck-house, a ‘ house’ or room erected on 
the deck of a ship; deck-light, a thick glass let 
into a deck to light a cabin below; deck-load sé., 
hence deck-load v., to load with a cargo upon 
the deck; also fig.; deck-nail, ‘a kind of spike 
with a snug head, commonly made in a diamond 
form’ (Smyth) ; deck-pipe, ‘ an iron pipe through 
which the chain cable is paid into the chain- 
locker’ (Smyth) ; deck-plate (see quot.); deck- 
Vou. III. 


97 


sheet, ‘that sheet of a studding-sail which leads 
directly to the deck, by which it is steadied 
until set’ (Smyth); deck-stopper, ‘a strong 
stopper used for securing the cable forward of the 
capstan or windlass while it is overhauled; also 
abaft the windlass or bitts to prevent more cable 
from running out’ (Smyth); deck-tackle, a tackle 
led along the deck, for hauling in cable, etc. 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade,* Deck-beams. 1876 Davis Pol. 
Exp. i. 29 New deck-beams of increased size were put in. 
1861 Chambers’ Encycl, s.v. Cargo,'The term *deck-cargo 
is given to the commodities on the deck of a ship, which are 
not usually included in the policy of insurance. 1886 J. H. 
M:Cartuy Doon g The group comfortably arranged on 
*deck-chairs. 1867 Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., * Deck-cleats, 
pieces of wood temporarily nailed to the deck to secure 
objects in bad weather. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 60/t 
Wood ships with wood beams have their *deck-flats formed 
by planking laid upon and fastened to the beams. 1885 
Gen. Grant Pers. Mem. xxi. 1. 288 From captain down to 
*deck-hand. 1881 Scribner's Mag. XXII. 656/1 Beds of 
jingles or amber-shells .. *deck-heads .. limpets, and other 
rock-loving mollusks. ¢1850 Rudim. Navig.(Weale) ror 
‘The breast-hooks that receive the ends of the deck-planks 
are also called *Deck-Hooks. 1856 Kane Avct. Expl. I. x. 
106 Ohlsen and Petersen building our *deck-house. 1882 
Daily News 24 May 1/1 Good accommodation is .. pro- 
vided for second-class passengers in a commodious *deck- 
house. 1840 Loncrettow in Life (1891) 1. 357 Horrible 
negligence,—a *deck-load of cotton! 1867 SMytH Saz/or’s 
Word-bk., Deck-load, timber, casks, or other cargo not liable 
to damage from wet, stowed on the deck of merchant vessels. 
1884 GLaDsTONE in Standard 29 Feb. 2/7 Weare determined 
+. not to *deck-load our Franchise Bill. 1703 T. N. City 
& C. Purchaser 126, 211 *Deck-nails..are proper for fastning 
of Decks in Ships. 1859 Axtobiog. Beggar Boy 114 Among 
the *deck passengers there was a man and his wife with 
seven children. c1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 55 The 
hawse boxes, or *deck pipe. 1884 Sir E. J. REED in Con- 
temp. Rev. Nov. 620 The steel decks .. being .. covered 
with *deck-plank of teak or of pine. 1874 Knicut Dict. 
Mech., * Deck-flate, a plate around the chimney of a marine- 
engine furnace to keep the same from contact with the 
wood of the deck. c1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 56 
A ‘double wall’ or *deck stopper-knot. 1883 F. M. Craw- 
ForD Dr. Claudius ix, In ten minutes, the parade of *deck- 
swabbers had passed. | 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Deck- 
transom, a horizontal timber under a ship’s counter. 1856 
Kane Arct. Expl. I, xvii. 201 One of our *deck-watch, who 
had been cutting ice for the melter. 


Deck (dek),v. Also 5-7 decke, 6 dek, dekke. 
[Not known before 16th c.: app. then of recent 
adoption from Flem. or Low Ger.; cf. Du. dehh- 
en, MDu. deken, decken to cover. The latter 
is =MLG., MHG. dechen, OHG. dachjan, decchan 
:-OTeut. sakjan (whence ON. fekja, OFris. 
thekka, OE, peccan to cover, roof over) a derivative 
verb from an ablaut-stem Jek-, Jak-, Indog. ¢eg- to 
cover, whence ON. Jak, OHG. dah, Ger. dach 
covering, roof, OE. ec, Tuatcu. In branch II 
a derivative of DECK sd. : cf. to roof, floor, etc.] 

I. +1. trans. To cover; esp. to cover with 


garments, clothe. Ods. 

1513 Douctas £xeis x. xiii. 106 Ene, That. .hys sovir targe 
erekkit, And thar yndre hym haldis closly dekkyt. /did. x1.v. 
g2 Queyn Amatha .. Dekkis and defendis hym with wordis 
sle. 1515 BarcLay Egloges iv. (1570) C iij/t This lusty Codrus 
was cloked for the rayne And doble decked with huddes one 
ortwayne, 1526 SKELTON Magnyf. 759 Decke your hofte. 
1535 CoveRDALE Haggai i. 6 Ye decke [61x clothe] youre 
selues, but ye are not warme. 1594 Carew Tasso (1881) 91 
No place is vnder sky so closely deckt, Which gold not opes. 
1600 SurFLET Countrie Farme ui. xviii. 461 Take away the 
barke..and after inuest and decke vp therewith some shoote 


that is of the like thickenes with the graft. 

2. To clothe in rich or ornamental garments; to 
cover with what beautifies; to array, attire, adorn. 

1514 Barctay Cyt. §& Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) Ixvii, Then 
is he decked as poet laureate. 1535 CoveRDALE 2 Kings ix. 
30 She coloured hir face, and decked hir heade. — Ps. ciii. 
2 Thou deckest thyself with light as it were with a garment. 
1602 SHaks. Hawt. v. i, 268, I thought thy Bride-bed to haue 
deckt (sweet Maid), And not t’ haue strew’d thy Graue. 
1628 Prynne Love-lockes 35 Much lesse, may we Curle, Die, 
or ouer-curiously decke our Haire. 1633 G. Hersert 
Temple, Fordan i, Curling with metaphors a plain inten- 
tion, Decking the sense. 1808 Scorr Marm. 1, xxvii, The 
scallop shell his cap did deck. 1821 Care Vill. Minstr. II. 
63 Daisies deck the green. 1885 Manch. Exam. g July 
4/7 The shipping ..was profusely decked with flags. 

b. with ou, +up. 

1587 Harrison England u1. vii. (1877) 1. 169 In decking up 
of the body. 1640 Sir R. Baker in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. 
Ps, cxvi. 11-15 To serve for a jewel in the decking up of 
God’s cabinet. 1745 De Foe’s Eng. Tradesman v. (1841) I. 

4 Decked out with long wigs and swords. 1882 B. D. W. 

amsay Recoll, Mil. Serv. 11. xv. 64 Every vessel being 
gaily decked out with flags. 

+3. To array, fit out, equip. Ods. 

215.. Agincourt 90 in Hazl. Z. P. P. Il. 97 The wastes 
decked with serpentynes stronge, Saynt Georges stremers 
sprede ouer hede. 1548 Hatt Chron, an. 25 Hen, VIII 
(1809) 798 The kyng .. decked and vitailed dyuers shippes 
of warre and sent them to the North seas to defende his 
subiectes. 

II. 4. Maut. To cover as with a deck; to 
furnish with a deck; zo deck in, over, to cover in 
with the deck, in ship-building. 

1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia v. 175 At last it was concluded, 
to decke their long boat with their ship hatches. -1700 
S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. 6 Flat Boats..tho’ small, yet so close 
Deck’t, that in a rough Sea they will go quite under the 


DECKLE. 


waves and retain no water. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) 
VI. 256 The five-men-boat is decked at each end, but open 
in the middle. 1874 J. Deapy in Law Times Rep. XXXI. 
231/2 The vessel .. was .. decked over, fore and aft. 1893 
R. Kietinc Many Invent. 121 Your ship has been built and 
designed, closed and decked in. 

5. Mining. To load or unload (the tubs upon 
the cage). (See DECK sd. 3.) Chiefly U.S. 

1883 GresLey Gloss. Coal-mining 76 roneaeies 2 the opera- 
tion of changing the tubs on a cage at top and bottom of a 
shaft. 

+ De'ckage. Ods. rare. [f. Deck v. + -acE.] 
Adornment, embellishment. 

1642 LicHtFoor Odserzv. Genesis i. Wks. 1822 II. 333 The 
Earth..had not received as yet its perfection, beauty and 
deckage. 

Decked (dekt), Af/. a. [f. Deck + -Ep.] 

1. Adorned, embellished, set out : sce the verb. 

2ax1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 4 See that you fourth 
bringe In well decked order, that worthie storie Of Balaam 
and his asse. 1593 Q. Exiz. Boeth. 16 The decked wode 
seak not whan thou violetz gather. 1865 J. G. Berrram 
Harvest of Sea (1873) 307 The well-decked and well-plenished 
dwellings. ; 

b. Her. Applied to an eagle or other bird when 
the edges of the feathers are of a different tincture. 

In mod. Dicts. : 

2. Having a deck, or decks (as in ¢zvo-decked). 

1gg2z A. Younc Trav. France 78 By the passage-packet, 
a decked vessel, to Honfleur. 1837 Marryar Dog-frend iii, 
On board of a two-decked ship. 1879 Burcuer & Lanc 
Odyssey 28 Such tackling as decked ships carry. 

Decker ! (de‘ko1). [f. Duck v.+-ER1.] One 
who decks or adorns. 

1555 WaTREMAN Fardle Facions 11. viii. 167 The Yndians 
are ..greate deckers and trimmers of them selues. 1591 
Percivatt Sp. Dict., Afeytador, a barber, a trimmer, a 
decker. 1803 Pic Nic No. 2 (1806) I. 53, 1 am but a sort of 
table-decker. 

Decker 2 (deez). [f. Deck sd. +-rr} 1.] 

1. A vessel having (a specified number of) decks, 
as in ¢wo-decker, three-decker, etc., q.v.  b. transf. 
Applied to a kind of oven: see quot. 1884. 

1795 Hull Advertiser 25 July 2/4 Admiral Hotham’s large 
ships, that is, the three deckers. 1805 in Naval Chron. XV. 
204 The Santissima Trinidada, the Spanish four-decker. 
1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 120/2 Mason's Patent Hot-Air 
Continuous Baking Two Decker Oven. 1884 Pall Mall 
Gaz.‘ Extra’ 24 July 3/2 Patent continuous-baking ‘ decker’ 
ovens—i.e., ovens piled upon each other, which are heated 
by one furnace. ; 

2. A gun belonging to a particular deck of a ship 
of war; as in Jower-decker, a gun belonging to the 
lower deck. 

1781 ARcHER in Naval Chron. XI. 287 Double breech’d 
the lower deckers. 1809 /dcd, X XII. 344 Having only four- 
teen of her main-deckers mounted. 

3. a. A workman employed on the deck of a 
ship. b. A deck-passenger. co//og. 

1800 CotquHoun Com. Thames iv. 180 The Deckers, or 
persons who hoist up the Cargo upon deck. 1866 Zhe 
Colonist (Belize) 5 May 2/1 Passengers arrived. In the Packet 
—Mr. and Mrs. D. .. and 79 deckers. 

Decking (de‘kin), v6/. sd. [f. Deck v. and sd. 
+-InG 1, 

1. The action of the verb Deck; + concr. that 
with which something is decked (0/s.) ; adornment, 
embellishment, ornament. 

1531 Eryot Gov. u. iii, Semblable deckynge oughte to be 
in the house of a nobleman or man of honour. 1562 J. SHUTE 
Cambine’s Turk, Wars 38 Somtuouse and magnifique orna- 
mentes and deckings. c16z0 Z. Boyp Zion's H lowers (1855) 
157 Spending on decking many precious houres. 1673 Lay's 
Cadl.1.§ 1 P 26. 10 Their most exquisit deckings are but like 
the garlands on a beast design’d for sacrifice. . 

2. The work or material of the deck of a ship ; 
planking or flooring forming a deck. 

1580 Ho.tyBanp 77eas. Fr. Tong., Le tillac d'une navire, 
the decking of a ship. 1879 BurcHer & Lanc Odyssey 81 
Fashion a wide raft..and lay deckings high thereupon. 
1887 Daily News 26 June 6/2 The building is considered 
to be absolutely fireproof, the floors being all of steel ‘ deck- 
ing’ and solid breeze concrete. 

Deckle (dek’l). Also deckel. [a. Ger. deckel 
in same sense, prop. ‘ little cover, lid, tympan’, and 
in other technical applications, dim. of decke cover.] 

1. A contrivance in a paper-making machine to 
confine the pulp within the desired limits, and de- 
termine the size or width of the sheet : a. in hand 
paper-making, a thin rectangular frame of wood 
fitting close upon the mould on which the pulp is 
placed ; b. in a paper-machine, a continuous band 
or strap on either side of the apron. Hence used as 
a measure of the width of paper, as ‘ 50-inch deckle 
paper,’ and short for deckle-edge. 

1810 [see Deckle-strap in 2]. 1816 Specifi. Cameron’s 
Patent No. 4002. 2 The deckle being attached to the carriage, 
falls on the bottom of the mould. 1858 Smmmonps D7c?. 
Trade, Deckle .. also the rough or raw edge of paper. 1888 
N. & Q. 7th Ser. V. 227 It seems as if the deckle, fitting 
on the mould, should produce a sheet of paper with a smooth 
and even edge. 

2. Comb, deckle edge, the rough uncut edge of 
a sheet of paper, formed by the deckle ; also attrib. 
=next ; deckle-edged a., having a rough uncut 
edge, as hand-made paper; deckle-strap, see I b. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v., The uncut edge of paper is 
known as the *deckel edge. 1884 sealing 35 1176/2 

3 


DECKLESS. 


The deckle are left at the side and bottom, the top 
edge alone being cut. ‘immo's Catal. , One 
Hundred Copies on fine deck! 


be 18 sg 18: 
€ FO} vo paper. 1810 
Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts X VIIL. 193 the *deckle- 
straps .. are made fectly smooth and true. Ure 
Dict. Arts U1. 490 We have to notice the deckle or boundary 
straps..which regulate the width of the paper. : 

Deckless (deklés), a. rare. [-LESS.] With- 
out a deck. 

Be Bentuam Not Paul aig bg 328 In a deckless 
vessel. 1890 Harper's Mag. Mar. 558/1 Deckless and 
cabinless. 

Declaim (d‘klz''m), v. Also 5-7 -clame, 7 
-claime, -clayme. [Formerly declame, ad. L. dé- 
clamare, {. De- I. 3 + clamare to cry: subseq. 
assimilated to claim. Cf. F. déclamer (1549 in 
Hatzf.).] 

I. intr. . 

1. To speak aloud with studied rhetorical force 
and expression; to make a speech on a set subject 
or theme as an exercise in B iyccpes oratory or dis- 
putation. b. To recite with elocutionary or rhe- 
torical effect (chiefly U.S.). 

1552 Hutoet, Declame or exercise fayned argument in 

leadynge, vsed among lawers called mooting. 1. HA 

Witson Rhet. 83 When you and I declamed together last. 
1641 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 11, I offered at my first 
exercise in the Hall, and answered my amore : and upon 
the 11% following, declaimed in the pel before the 
Master, Fellows and Scholars, according to the custom. 
1748 J. Mason Elocut. 11 A Weakness of Voice; which he 
cured by frequently dectnimaing, on the Sea-Shore, amidst 
the Noise of the Waves. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, First 
Visit Wks. (Bohn) II. 10 Wordsworth, standing apart, and 
reciting to me..like a schoolboy declaiming. : 

2. To declaim against; to speak in an impas- 
sioned oratorical manner in reprobation or con- 
demnation of; to inveigh against. 

1611 B. Jonson Catiline tv. ii, What are his mischiefs, 
consul? You declaim Against his manners, and corrupt 
your own, 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. vi. 21 Thus 
is it the humour of many heads to extoll the dayes of their 
forefathers, and declaime against the wickednesse of times 
present. 1855 Prescott Philip //, I. 11. ix. 239 They loudly 
declaimed against the King’s insincerity. 1880 L. STEPHEN 
Pope viii. 196 A generous patriot declaiming against the 
growth of luxury. 

3. To speak aloud in an impassioned oratorical 
manner, with appeals to the emotions rather than 
the reason of the audience; to harangue. 

1735 BerxeLey Def Free-thinking Math. § 33 Instead of 
giving a reason you declaim. 1759 Sterne 77. Shandy I. 
xl, Let him declaim as pompously as he chooses upon the 
subject. 1833 Ht. Martineau Brooke Farm ii. 27 Tom 
Webster hustled and declaimed, while Sergeant Rayne 
quietly argued. 1884 R. GLover in Christian World g Oct. 
766/3 To declaim is more easy than to convince. 

b. quasi-trans. with extension. 

1755 Monitor 16 Aug. P 2 Some late patriots .. declaimed 

themselves into power. 
II. trans. 

+4. To discuss aloud ; to debate. Obs. rare—'. 

(The early date of the quotation, so long before the verb is 
otherwise known in Eng. or French, as well as the sense, is 
notable.) 

Cuaucer Troylus 1. 1198 As pey declamede [4 WSS. 
1410-25; Harl. 3943 declarid] pis matere, Lo Troylus .. 
Come rydende. 

5. To speak or utter aloud with studied rhetorical 
expression ; to repeat or recite rhetorically. 

1577 B. Goocr Heresbach'’s Hush. 1. (1586) 49 Weriyng 
you with the declaimyng of my poore skill in the tilling of 
the feelde. @1716 Soutn Serxm. VIII. 82 (T.) Whoever 
strives to beget, or foment in his heart, such [mali t] 
persuasions concerning God, makes himself the levil’s 
orator, and declaims his cause. 1818 Scotr Hrt. Midi. i, 
He then declaimed the following passage rather with too 
much than too little emphasis. 1885 R. L. StEvENSoN 
in Contemp. Rev. 555 In declaiming a so-called iambic 
= it may so happen that we never utter one iambic 


foot. 

+6. =Declaim against; to decry, denounce. Ods. 

1614 T. Avams Devil's Banguet 42 This Banket then .. is 
at once declared and declaimed, spoken of and forbidden. 
1623 Cocxeram, Declaime, to pore te ill of. 

ence Declai‘ming vd/. sb, and pf/. a. 

1577[see 5]. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 931 He used 
otherwhiles to downe to the water side..for to exercise 
himselfe in di ing. 1656 Artif. Handsom. 95 Humane 
fallacies and declaymings. 1701 Rowe Amb, Step-Moth. 
1v. i, 1684 Yield much matter to declaiming flatterers. 1735 
Berxetey Def. Free-thinking Math. § 11 In the same 
nanner as any decl bigot would defend transubstan- 
tiation. 


Declai‘mant. vave—'. [f. prec. + -an7, after 
claimant, etc.] = DECLAIMER. 

41763 Suenstone Ess. 28 The company was a little sur- 
prised at the sophistry of our declaimant. 

Declaimer (d/klé'-maz). [f. Drcnam +-ER1.] 
One who declaims; one who speaks with rhetor- 
ical expression, or as an exercise in elocution ; 
one who harangues, or speaks with impassioned 
force. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 401 Iulius Gallo, a noble 
declamer. 1580 Hottypanp 7veas. Fr. Tong, Declamateur, 
a Declaimer, a mooter. 1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon's Adv. 
Learn. w. ii. (R.), A certaine declaimor against sciences. 
1712 STEELE Spect. No. 521 #4 The Declaimers in Coffee- 
hou: a7 J H Rambler No. 202 ? 2 The pompous 
periods decl » whose is only to amuse 


er 


98 


with fallacies. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. iii. § 2 Such.. is 
the labour of the musical performer, the actor, the public 
declaimer or reciter. 

Declamation (deklimé'-fan). [ad. L. dé/a- 
mation-em, n. of action from déc/amare to DECLAIM, 
or ad. F. déclamation (15th c. in Hatzf.).] 

1. The action or art of declaiming ; the ting 
or uttering of a speech, etc. with studied intona- 
tion and gesture. 

1552 Hutoet, Declamation often heard, and tedious to 
the hearers, crambe repetita. 1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 
86 Your plainsong is as it were your theme, and your descant 
as it were your declamation. 1776 Gipson Dec. & F. 1. xxiv. 
680 He ps licly professed the arts of rhetoric and declama- 
tion. 1834 Macautay Pitt Ess. (1854) I. 294 That which gave 
most effect to his declamation was the air of sincerity, of 
vehement feeling, or moral elevation, which belonged to all 
that he said. 

attrib. 1806 Byron Thoughts College Exam. 25 The 
declamation prize. E ; 

b. Music. The proper rhetorical rendering of 
words set to music. 

1876 in Starner & Barrett. 

2. A public speech or address of rhetorical 


character; a set speech in rhetorical elocution. 

1523 SKELTON Gari. Laurel (R.), Olde Quintillian with his 
declamations; Theocritus with his Bucolicall relacions. 
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 11 Theams more fit 
for schollars declamations. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 
55 The Orations and declamations .. of these Sophisters, 
who make shew of their eloquence. 1782 J. Warton Ess. 
Pope IL. xiii. 381 Able to compose Essays, Declamations, 
and Verses, in Greek, in Latin,and in English. 1830 Drury 
in Moore Life Byron (1866) 20/1 He suddenly diverged from 
the written composition .. I questioned him, why he had 
altered his declamation ? : 

3. Declaiming or speaking in an impassioned 
oratorical manner; fervid denunciation with appeals 
to the audience. 

1614 T. Apams Devil's Banquet 42 The more accurately 
the Scriptures describe sinnes, the more absolutely the 
forbid them: where wickednesse is the subject, all sj at 
is declamation. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 172? 3(Not so 
universal] as some have asserted in the .. heat of declama- 
tion. 1789 BentHam Princ. Legisl. i. § 1 But enough of 
metaphor and declamation. @1794 Gipson Autobiog. go, I 
was conscious myself that my style, above prose pees fer 
poetry, degenerated into a verbose and turgid declamation. 
is; Moca Compromise (1886) 53 Exacerbated declama- 
tion in favor of ancient dogma against modern science. 

4. A speech of a rhetorical kind expressing strong 
feeling and addressed to the passions of the hearers ; 
a declamatory speech, a harangue. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. ut. viii. (1611) > The cause why 
such declamations preuaill so greatly, is, for that men suffer 
themselues to be deluded. 1631 WeEver Anc. Fun. Mon. 
23 But this was but one of Czsars rodamantadoes, or 
thundring declamations. 1688 Penton Guardians Instr. 47 
The constant Declamations against us of those intruding 
members. @171§ Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 216 It was 
only an insolent declamation .. full of fury and indecent 
invectives. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, First Visit Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 4 On this, he [Coleridge] burst into a declamation 
on the folly and ignorance of Unitarianism. 

+ De‘clamator. Oés. [a. L. déclamator, n. of 
action from déclamare to DEcLAIM.] One who 
practises declamation ; a declaimer. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 401 Iulius Gallio. . was 
[the] best declamator of alle. 1530 Eryor Gov. 1. xiii, They 
whiche do onely teache rhetorike..ought to be nam 
rhetoriciens, declamatours, artificiall spekers..or any other 
name than oratours. 1624 F., Waite Repl. Fisher 590 Sir 
Declamator, you vsurpe Radamanthus his office. 1699 
Bentiey Phaé, Introd. 7 Was ever any Declamator's Case 
so extravagantly put? 1710 Stre.e 7atler No. 56 ?1 Who 
could, I say, hear this generous Declamator without being 
fired by his noble Zeal? 

Declama (drklee-mitari), a. (sb.) [ad. L. 
declamatori-us, 1, déclimatir-em: see prec. and 
-orY.] Of or pertaining to rhetorical declaiming ; 
ofthe nature of, or characterized by, declamation. 

xs8x Mutcaster Positions x. (1887) 57 To pronounce .. 


orations and other d ory arg x BuRTON 
Anat. Mel. i. ii. v1. iii, To leaue all declamatory speeches 
1639 Worron (J.), This .. 


in praise of divine Musick. 
b a decl y theme iz 
that age. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. i. 
of Music, which may be called 1807 G. 
Cuatmers Caledonia I. m1. vii. 393 note, This pretended 
charter is a : its style 


the — men of 
That peculiar species 
eclamatory. 


DECLARATION. 


Declarant (d/klérant). [f. F. délaxant 
or L. déclirant-em, pr. pple. of déclarare to Dx- 
CLARE : see -ANT.] One who makes a declaration : 


esp. in Law. 
168 ; i 11. 296 Declares, that [etc.].. 
Baptism. 1752 J. Stewart in Scots . June (175; la 
nt was at Edinburgh. sud Sort ob hoy ohh, 
The declaration farther set that. .he, the said declaran| 
‘Tiwss o9 Oct Ge ailinmial epson tae aquatens of 
ames © SI; 
the decks t is to fx (oop ape helm ag 

Declaration (deklaré'-fan). Also 4-5 -acioun, 
4-6 -acion. [a. F. déclaration or ad. L. déclara- 
tién-em, n. of action f. déclarare to DECLARE.] 

+1. The action of making clear or clearing up 
(anything obscure or not understood) ; elucidation, 
explanation, interpretation. Oés. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. m. x. (Camb. MS.) 71-2 Th 
ee whan page Hew rt hyr ae 
wont to ngen in es clepyn porysmes or 
declaraciouns of fi gy ana — Astrol.t. § 4 
And for the more ioun, lo here the figure. 1527 
R. Tuorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 253 For more declaration 
of the said Card [= map]. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 5 
For the declaracion of the whiche ambyguitee and doubte. 
1656 H. Puiirs Purch. Patt. (1676) 57 This Table is so 
plain, that it needs no declaration. ‘ 

+2. The setting forth or expounding of a topic; 
exposition, description, relation. Oéds. 

1382 Wycur Deut. xvii. 18 He shal discriue..a decla- 
racioun of this lawe [deuteronomium i Sa pr, He ina 
volym. 1460 Carcrave Chron. 17 The childirn of Noe .. of 
whos issew here schal be a daecaiian, 1553 T. Witson 
Rhet. 95 A description or an evident declaration of a thyng 
as though we sawe it even now doen. 1619 Mirr. Mag. 
Title-p., With a Declaration of all the Warres, Battels and 
Sea-fights, during her Reigne. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. v. 
§ 437. 189 Of Dower ‘ad ostium ecclesia’ a good declaration 
hath beene made by Master Littleton in his first book. 

3. The action of stating, telling, setting forth, or 
announcing openly, explicitly or formally ; positive 
statement or assertion ; an assertion, announcement 
or proclamation in emphatic, solemn, or legal terms. 

1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. ee. sal he deme ilka nacyon, 
And mak a fynal declaracyon Of alle be domes byfor shewed. 
1426 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 9 Apon pis declaracion made. 
1547 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. iii. 161 Crosses to be sett 

mens pas for the declaracion of the plage. 1594 
Hooaen Eccl. Pol. 1. ii. (1611) 5 His promises are nothing 
else but declarations what God will do for the good of men. 
1651 Hosses Leviath. u. xxi. 114 If he dye .. without 
declaration of his Heyre. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 152 
P 3 Declarations of “ery 1796 Jane AUSTEN Sense § 
Sens, (2849) 3. In spite of Marianne’s declaration that the 
day would hatiuaty fair. Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) 
1. iii. 262 The pope made a public declaration with respect 
to the dispute. 188: Bacenor Biog. Studies 290 The first 
declaration of love was made by the lady. 

4. a. Declaration of war: formal announcement 
or proclamation by a Power of the commencement 
of hostilities against another Power. Also declara- 
tion of peace. a ; ‘he 
revisa /7i; (Rolls) I. 243 When omaynes 

: : and clereliche 
pat declar- 


1 
weolee were ts eny lond, schulde oon goo .. 
declare..pe matire and cause of the werre, and 

i clarigatio. 1548 Hatt Chron. 207 She 
was sent .. with — overture and declaracion of peace. 

‘eb. 99 The following is a Declaration of 

inst Great Britain dated the 16th of 
January. 1803 Lin. Rev. Jan. 389 Declarations of war 
and peace, when p' d by ve to the 
lative body, are to be adopted [etc.]. 1828 Napier //zs¢. 
Penins. War I. 137 The invasion of Napoleon produced a 
friendly alliance between those countries without a declar- 
ation of peace. 1845 Poison in Zncycl. Metrop. 728/1 The 
custom of making a declaration of war to the enemy, pre- 
vious to the commencement of hostilities, is of great_anti- 
quity, and was practised even by the Romans .. Since, 


peace of Versailles, in 1763, such declarations 
hove besa didcontinced, andl the praseat sung for the 
state with whom the war commences to a manifesto 
within its own territories. - ‘ 
b. Declaration a the poll: the public official 
announcement of the numbers polled for each can- 
didate at an election. Hence aftrid. in declaration 
day. 
A 4 i Upon the closing of the poll, 
Progg Scho ota ge ept under ons Pan 


too declamatory. 1880 
L. Sreruen Pofe iii. 75 It is in the true decl y pas- 
snaue that Pops is at bis best, : 
+b. Characterized by declamation against some- 
thing ; denunciatory. Ods. 
1589 Nasne Greene's Menaphon Ded. 10 Least in this de- 
cla vaine, I should cond all and d none, 
+B. sb. A declamatory speech. Ods. 
1688 L’Estrance Brief Hist. Times mt. 12 Then’s the 
Time for Declamatoryes, and E; 
Hence Decla’matoriness, 


the quality of being 


declamatory. = 
Foreign Q. Rev. XIII. 351 The general character- 
Pema) Tienes oratory are dscensatine and 


+ Decla‘rable, 2. Ods. [f. L. déclara-re + 
-BLE; viewed also as f. DECLARE + -ABLE.] 
Capable of being declared, shown, or made known. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ui. iv. 112 This is declare- 
able from the best and most professed Writers. did. 1v, xiii. 
1678 Cupwortu Intel. Syst, 23 Right Reason is of two 
— -Of which the Divine is inexpressible, but the Humane 

ec! 


the 
larati the poll. Daily News 14 Oct. 6/1 On 
a Sian a . there ‘arrived reports about 


veped orien vel, x Ml. Whe, x0r4 1:55 The mataral 
1. iii. 1874 1. fear 

Re ich restrains from such crimes, aes declaration of 
nature against them. 5 

6. A proclamation or public statement as em- 
bodied in a document, inctrempent, or public act. 
Declaration of Indulgence: see INDULGENCE. 
Datarctin oie: the Parliamentary declaration of 
1689 : see RiGut, 


Declaration o Sedapganie) Yee blic act by which the 
American Cocclean Congress, on July 4th, 1776, declared 
American to be free and 


; ied. 

i : a diplomatic instrument ~~. 
are pos oe at the Congress of I mt ted 
1856, fg aber important points of maritime law 
ect! 


affecting be! ts neutrals in time of war. | 
x B. Harris Parival’s Jron Age 208 A petition from 
some Lords in England, conformable in the main points to a 


DECLARATIONIST. 


Declaration of the Scots, which they called the intention of 
their Army. 1660 Marvett Cory. vi. Wks. 1872-5 II, 25 
To-morrow the Bill for enacting his Majestye’s Declaration 
in religious matters is to haue its first reading. 1776 Axx. 
Reg. 261 A Declaration by the Representatives of the United 
States of America, in General Congress assembled, July 4. 
1780 Inipartial Hist. War Amer. 335 These Articles, as 
well as the Declaration of Independence, were published in 
all the Colonies. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. xxxvii, The declar- 
ation of Indulgence issued by Charles II. 1846 MeCuttocu 
Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 11. 209 The principal abuses that 
had characterized the government of the two preceding 
reigns, were also enumerated ‘and digested into an instru- 
ment, called a Declaration and Claim of Rights, presented 
and assented to, by the new sovereigns. J 

7. Law. a. The plaintiffs statement of claim in 
an action ; the writing or instrument in which this 
is made. 

1483 Act 1 Rich. III, c. 6 § 1 The Plaintiff .. [shall] make 
Oath .. that the Contract .. comprised in the same Declara- 
tion [etc.]. 1579 W. RasteLy Termes of Law, Declaratyon 
is a shewinge forth in writing of the griefe and complaynt 
of the demaundant or pleintife, against the tenant or defen- 
dant. 1642 Perkins Prof Bk, ii. § 151. 67 The declaration 
shall abate. 1672 WycHERLEY Love ix Wood Ded., No 
man with papers in ’s hand is more dreadful than a poet; 
no, not a lawyer with his declarations. 1768 BLAcKSTONE 
Comm. III. 203 As soon as this action is brought, and the 
complaint fully stated in the declaration. 1817 W. SeLwyn 
Law Nist Prius Il. 783 The first count in the declaration. 

b. A simple affirmation allcwed to be taken, in 
certain cases, instead of an oath or solemn affirma- 
tion. 

1834 Act 5-6 Will. IV, c. 62. 1848 WHarton Law Lex. 
164 By 5 & 6 Wm. IV, c. 62, for the abolition of unnecessary 
oaths, any justice .. is empowered to take voluntary declara- 
tions in the form specified in the act. And any person 
wilfully making such declaration false, in any material par- 
ticular, shall be guilty of a misdemeanour. 

c. In the Custom-house ; see DECLARE v. I0c. 

1853 Act 16 § 17 Vict. c. 107 §186 The master of the ship 
in which such goods shall be laden shall before clearance 
make and subscribe a declaration before the proper officer 
of customs. 1876 Act 39 § 40 Vict. c. 36 § 58. 

d. The creation or acknowledgement of a ¢rzst 
or wse in some form of writing; any writing 
whereby a trust or use is constituted or proved to 
exist. 

«1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Comm. Law xiv. (1636) 56 De- 
clarations evermore are countermandable in their natures, 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 449 The only point for which 
they contended was, that the articles .. under which they 
claimed, amounted to a good declaration of the uses of 
recovery. bid. 463 A declaration of trust requires no par- 
ticular form, provided it be proved or manifested in writing. 
1827 JARMAN Powell's Devises (ed. 3) II. 75 There being no 
declaration of the trust of the money beyond the life of the 
wife, it resulted to the heir. 

e. Scots Law. ‘In criminal proceedings the ac- 
count which a prisoner, who has been apprehended 
on suspicion of having committed a crime, gives 
of himself on his examination, which is taken 
down in writing’ (Bell Décz. s.v.). 

Dying declaration: a declaration made by a person on 
his deathbed, which is admitted as evidence in a prosecution 
for homicide. 

Judicial declaration: the statement, taken down in 
writing, of a party when judicially examined as to the par- 
ticular facts in a civil action. 

1818 Scotr Hrt. Midl. xxiii, It .. usually happens that 
these declarations become the means of condemning the 
accused, as it were, out of their own mouths. 1861 W. Bett 
Dict. Law Scot. 256 The magistrate’s proper duty is dis- 
tinctly to inform the prisoner not only that it is optional for 
him to make a declaration or not as he pleases, but also 
that what he says may afterwards be used against him on 
his trial. 

8. In the game of bezique : see quot. 

1870 Mod. Hoyle 153 Declaration is the act of declaring 
a score by the process of placing certain cards upon the 
table. Jéid. 148 The last declaration must be made before 
the last two cards are drawn. 

Declara‘tionist. ovce-wd. One who joins 
in or signs a declaration. 

_ 1892 Times 7 Jan. 10/5 We are indebted to the declaration- 
ists for bringing this controversy again before the public. 

Declarative (dékle‘rativ), a. (sb.) [a. F. dé- 
claratif, -ive, or ad. L. déclérativ-us, f. ppl. stem 
of déclarare to DECLARE: see-IVE.] Characterized 
by declaring (in the various senses of the vb.). 

+1. Making clear, manifest, or evident. Ods. 

@ 1536 TinDALeE Wis. = (R.) Notwithstanding y® sonne 1s 
the cause declaratiue wherby we know that the other is 
a father. 1644 Butwer Chiro/. 1 All the declarative conceits 
of Gesture. 1646 P. BULKELEY Gosfel Covt. 1v. 337 These 
kind of promises .. are declarative, making manifest who be 
those true beleivers to whom the life promised. .doth belong. 
21665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 329 Holy 
and zealous impressions upon the hearts .. of men may be 
declarative of their being filled with the Spirit of Cod. 
1772 Frercuer Logica Genev. 43 The declarative evidences 
. whether or no he was among the trees of righteousness. 

+b. That manifests itself or is capable of mani- 
festation. Ods. 

1642 T. Hopces Glimpse 36 Every thing whereby the de- 
clarative highnesse of this great God is advanced. a@ 1679 
Gurnattin Spurgeon 7veas. Dav. Ps. cii. 16 His declarative 
glory then appears, when the glory of his mercy, truth and 

faithfulness break forth in his people’s salvation. 

2. Characterized -by making declaration ; of the 
nature of a declaration or formal assertion. De- 
clarative act, statute, etc. = DECLARATORY act, etc. 


99 


1628 T. Spencer Logick 153 A declaratiue, or pronouncing 
sentence. 1646 S. Botton Arraigum. Err. 136 Ministeriall, 
declaratiue, subordinate Judges. 1661 BraMHALL Yust Vind. 
iii. 31 Whether the Act or Statute .. were operative or de- 
clarative, creating new right, or manifesting, or restoring 
oldright. 1692 Bp. Parricx Answ. Touchstone 97 The only 
Question is, Whether their Absolution be only declarative, 
oralso operative? 1755 Carte /ist. Eng. IV. 335 It wasa 
declarative law. 1824 L. Murray Exg. Gram, (ed. 5) I. 270 
The best method of discovering the proper case of the pro- 
noun, in such phrases .. is, to turn them into declarative 
expressions. 

b. Const. of. 

1642 Cuas. I Anszw. Declar. Both Houses 1 July, Accord- 
ing to the Common Law (of which the Statute is but de- 
clarative), 1774 Pennant Your Scotl. in 1772, 16 An inscrip- 
tion, declarative of his munificence towards the church. 1866 
Grosart in Lismore Papers Introd. 12 Much of the record 
.. is declarative of a wish on the part of the Founder of the 
History to win the ear of posterity. 

+3. Of a person: Declaring oneself, declaring or 
uttering one’s opinion; communicative. Ods. 

1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. vi. (1739) 14 The times 
were too tender to endure them to be declarative on either 
part. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) III, xli. 240 He was 
still more declarative afterwards. 

B. sé, A declaratory,statement or act. 

1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. x. (1739) 57 Not as an 
Introduction of a new Law, but as a Declarative of the old. 
1865 BusHNELL Vicar. Sacr. m1. i. 201 As declaratives of 
natural consequence. < 

Decla'ratively, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] In 
a declarative manner, by way of declaration or 
distinct assertion ; + by way of manifestation. 

1625 Ussuer Axsw. Jesuit 132 [They] doe discharge that 
part of their function which concerneth forgivenesse of sinnes, 
partly operatively, partly declaratively. 1652 Huglands 
Commonw. 20 A man whom .. this State had declaratively 
disclaimed. 1671 FLavet Yount. of Life xii. 55 Not only 
declaratively or by way of manifestation. @1848 R. W. 
Hamitton Rew. § Punishu. iv. (1853) 175 Still more 
declaratively is the connexion told. 


+ De'clarator, sJ.1 Ods. [a. L. déclarator, 
agent-n. from déclérare to DECLARE.] One who 
declares or makes manifest ; an informer. 


@1577 Sir T. Smitu Commw. Eng. (1633) 100 The other 
part to the Declarator, Detector or Informer. 

Declarator (diékle:rato1), sd.2 Sc. [represent- 
ing F. déclaratotre (acte, sentence adéclaratotre), 
med.L. décliratorius, -a,-unt: see DECLARATORY.] 
A declaratory statement, ‘a legal or authentic de- 
claration’ (Jam.). (Action of) declarator (Sc.Law): 
a form of action in the Court of Session, in which 
something is prayed to be declared judicially, the 
legal consequences being left to follow as a matter 
of course. 

1567 Sc. Acts Yas. VI (1814) 28 (Jam.) Desyring our 
souerane lord, etc., to gif declaratour to the said William 
Dowglas ..that he has done his detfull diligence. _ 1599 
Jas. I BaotA. Awpov (1603) 17 Your pronouncing of sen- 
tences, or declaratour of your will in judgement. 1746-7 
Act 20 Geo. II, c. 50 § 3 The citation in the general decla- 
rator of non-entry. 1864 Daily Yel. 13 June, The Scotch 
courts have a kind of action called a declarator of mar- 
riage, in which they affirm or negative the abstract pro- 
position that two persons are married persons. 1876 GRANT 
Burgh Sch. Scotl. 1. i, 92 They raised a summons of de- 
clarator against the Council concluding that Elgin Academy 
was a public School. 1884 Law Reforts 9 App. Cases 305 
The present action was brought. . for declarator of his right 
to one-half of the heritable estate. 


Declaratorily (dzkle:ratarili), adv. [f. Dr- 
CLARATORY +-L¥2.] In a declaratory manner; in 
the form of a declaration. 

1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 103 The resolution of 
Cyprianus Leouitius .. is declaratorily deliuered in the end 
of this Prognosticon. 1616 Jas. I Sf. in Starre-Chamber 20 
June 10, I tooke this occasion..here in this Seate of Indge- 
ment, not judicially, but declaratorily and openly to giue 
those directions. (1 Sir T. Browne Psenud, Ep. vit. 
xvii. 376 [They] have both declaratorily confirmed the 

e 


same. 

Declaratory (dékle‘rateri), a. and sb. [ad. 
L. type délaratori-us, -a, -um, f. déclarator-em a 
declarer: see -ony. Cf. F. déclaratoire (16th c.).] 
Having the function of declaring, setting forth, or 
explaining; having the nature or form of a declara- 
tion ; affirmatory. 

Declaratory act or statute: one which declares or explains 
what the existing law is. Declaratory action (Sc. Law)= 
Action of Dectarator. Declaratory judgement or decree: 
one which simply declares the rights of the parties or the 
opinion of the court as to what the law is. 

1587 FLeminc Contin. Holinshed I11. 1362/2 The explication 
or meaning of the bull declaratorie made by Pius the fift 
against Elisabeth. _@ 1631 Donne in Se/ect. (1840) 67N either 
would this profit without the declaratory justification. 1648 
in Clarendon Hist. Reb. x1. (1843) 679/2 A recital in a new 
law, which was not a declaratory law of what the law was 
formerly in being. 1699 BuRNET 39 Art. xxv. (1700) 276 
The power of pardoning is only declaratory. 1787 J. Bar- 
Low Oration 4 Fuly 7 t declaratory Act of Independ- 
ence, which gave being to an empire. 1845 Potson in 
Encycl. Metrop. 852/1 Actions known to Scottish law .. 
Declaratory actions, wherein the right of the pursuer is 
craved to be declared, but nothing is claimed to be done by 
the defender. 1857 GLapsTonE Glean. VI. xliii. 74 The case 
is not one of divorce at all, but of a declaratory process 
where the marriage had been originally null. 1884 A. R. 
Pennincton Wiclif viii. 257 With regard to Penance and 
Absolution, he holds the view of the Church of England, 
that the office of the priest is declaratory. 


DECLARE. 


b. Const. of. 

1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 227 That the Statute. .should 
be but declaratory of the ancient and common Law of this 
Land. 1791 Mackintosu Vind. Gallice Wks. 1846 III. 26 
Resolutions declaratory of adherence to their former decrees. 
1876 Bancrort Hist. U. S. III. x. 431 The decision was 
declaratory of the boundary. 1884 Law Reforts 9 App. 
Cases 95 The Bills of Exchange Act, 1882 .. is declaratory 
of the prior law. 

+B. sd. A declaratory order; a declaration. Ods. 

1571 State Trials, Dk. of Norfolk (R.), A summary cogni- 
tion in the cases of controversy, with a small declaratory to 
have followed. 1691 Agreement w. Denmark (MS. Treaties 
96), His Majesty. .has thought fit to issue out a Declaratory 
or Ordonnance .. concerning the Shipping and the carrying 
on of their Commerce with France. 

+Decla‘rature. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem of 
L, déclérare to DECLARE + -URE.] = DECLARATION. 

1729 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 440 That deposition was not 
the fit state of the vote, but acquiesce and harmony if pos- 
sible in the declarature. 

Declare (dikléo1), v. Also 4-5 declar, 6 de- 
clair, -ayre. [a. F. déclare-r, ad. L. déclara-re to 
clear up, make clear or evident, f. Dr- I. 3 + c/a@r-ws 
clear, clarare to make clear, OF. had desclairier, 
f. des-, de- (DE- I. 6) + clatr clear, which was gra- 
dually brought, through declatrir, declairer, into 
conformity with the L. type.] 

1. ¢vans. To make clear or plain (anything that 
is obscure or imperfectly understood) ; to clear up, 
explain, expound, interpret, elucidate. 

c1325 EL. EL. Allit. P, B. 1618 And ba3 be mater be merk 
-. He shal de-clar hit also, as hit on clay stande. c¢ 1400 
Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 72 Declarynge & openynge doutis. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 56 Yf I sholde reherse 
them .. excepte I sholde also declare them, they sholde not 
moche profyte. 1530 Patscr. 508/2 It is no nede to declare 
it, the mater is playne ynoughe. 1638 Cuituncw. Relig. 
Prot.t. ii. § 12. 58 That those [things] which are obscure 
should remain obscure, untill he please to declare them. 
a 1691 Boyte (J.), To declare this a little, we must assume 
that the surfaces of such bodies are exactly smooth. 

+2. To manifest, show forth, make known; to 
unfold, set forth (facts, circumstances, etc.) ; to 
describe, state in detail; to recount, relate. Ods. 

o Hampote Prose Tr. 23, I shalle telle and declare to 
the a litille of this more opynly. c1400 Maunpev. (1839) v. 
53 For to declare 30u the othere weyes, that drawen toward 
Babiloyne. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531), The cause. . 
shall be more playnly declared in the seconde boke. a 1533 
Lp. Berners Huon xlii. 140 He declared to them the dethe 
of his brother. 1582 N. T.(Rhem.) «c/s xx. 27 For I haue not 
spared to declare vnto youal the counsel of God. 1606 Hot.- 
LAND Sweton.76 He wrote. .somewhat of his owne life: which 
hee declared [L. exfosuit] in thirty books. 1703 Moxon 
Mech, Exerc. 237, I will declare their Method of Working. 

+3. zztr. To make exposition or relation of. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 128 Of other sterres how they fare, 
I thinke hereafter to declare. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb,) xvi. 
72 Here hafe I talde 3ow and declared of be Haly Land and 
of cuntreez per aboute. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace v. 528 He.. 
To thaim declarde off all this paynfull cas. 1526 TinpaLe 
Acts xvii. 2 And thre saboth dayes declared of the scriptures 
unto them. @1533 Lp. Berners Huon cxxv. 452 The 
whiche he shewyd to syr Barnarde, and declaryd of the 
fountayne and gardayne. 

4. trans. Of things: To manifest, show, demon- 


strate, prove. 

In later quots. there is association with 5. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Avt.’s 7.1498 The fires which that on myn 
auter brenne Shulle thee declaren.. Thyn auenture of loue. 
¢1391 — Asérol. 11. § 6 3if any degree in thi zodiak be dirk, 
his nadire shal declarehim. 1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe (1539) 
57 b, Suche maner of vomite declareth corruption. 1535 
CoverDALe Ps, xviii. [xix.] 1 The very heauens declare the 
glory off God. 1568 E. Titnry Disc. Marriage Ciij, Much 
babling declareth a foolishe head. 1667 Mitton P. L.1v. 
300 His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar’d Absolute 
rule. 1668 Cutrerrer & Cote Barthol. Anat. w. ii. 338 
Many Sceletons .. declare that the Cartilago scutiformiis 
..is changed into the hard substance of a Bone. 1810 
Scotr Lady of L. 1. xxv, Nor track nor pathway might 
declare That human foot frequented there. 

5. To make known or state publicly, formally, or 
in explicit terms ; to assert, proclaim, announce or 
pronounce by formal statement or in solemn terms. 

¢ 1330 R. BrunnE Chron. (1810) 314 Per foure at Rome ware, 
to areson pe pape, Pe right for to declare. 1397 Rolls of 
Parilt. \11.378/2 As it is more pleynleche declared in the same 
Commission. c 1400 Destr. Troy 2147 Qwen the kyng had 
his counsell declaret to the ende. 15.. ? Dunbar Whs. (893) 
264/3 His name of confort I will declair, Welcom, my awin 
Lord Thesaurair! 1648 Dx. Hamitton in H. Papers 
(Camden) 234 You shall declare in name of this kingdome 
that they nor their forces will not admitt .. the excepted 
persons, 1827 Jarman Powedl's Devises (ed. 3) Il. 165 
A testator, after declaring his intention to dispose of all his 
worldly estate, 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 111 
The parliament itself declared in formal language that they 
would resist any attempt. 

b. with compl.: a person, etc. (to be) something. 

1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 124 To declayre penytent 
heartys..to be absoluyd from the faute therof. 1640 State 
Trials, Earl Strafford (R.), No man hath ever been declared 
a traitor, either by king or parliament, except [etc.]. 1659 
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 269 The Chanceller declared 
him Major, as being entred into the fourteenth yeare of his 
age. 1667 Mitton P.Z. vi. 728 That thou in me well pleas’d 
declarst thy will Fulfill’d. 1765-9 BLackstonE Comm. 1. xvi. 
(1793) 1.578 When a woman. . declares herself with child. 1848 

acauLay //7st. Eng. 11.115 [He] declared himself a member 
of the Church of Rome. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 4. 
312 The end ofall punishment he declares to be reformation. 

13* -2 


DECLARE. 


ce. Zo declare war: to make formal and public 
proclamation of hostilities against (+ 40) another 
power. coon 
152 Hutoet, Declare warres, arma canere, bellum indi- 
cere. 168% SALGADO Symbiosis 6 Of Angels..some declared 
war against God. 1761 Cuesterr. Lett. IV. ccclx. 178, Ihave 
now good reason to believe that Spain will declare war to 
us. 1763 Gent’. Mag. Mar. 108 Before the war just now 
concluded was declared. Examiner 422/1 France.. 
has formally declared war against Algiers. 1831 /did. 321/1 
The Duke. .had declared war. ; 
d. Zo declare a dividend: to announce officially 
a (specified) dividend as payable. 
6. To state is tae as to affirm, aver, assert. 
1 STEELE Zatler No. 135? 1 He declares, he would 
rather be in the Wrong with Plato, than in the Right with 


such Company. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 199 P 15 One © 


young lady .. declared that she scorned to separate her 
wishes from her acts. 1841 D’IsraeLt Amen. Lit. (1867) 
136 Spenser. .declared that the language of Chaucer was 
the purest English. 1860 Tynpatt G/lac. 1, x. 67 Who at 
first declared four guides to be necessary. 

b. Used as a mere asseveration. 

1811 L. M. Hawkins C’fess & Gertr. i. 8, I declare to 

oodness. 1839 Catu. Sincrair Holiday House xv. 300, 
Vaccare poor Frisk is going to be sick! 1 Loncr. 
Kavanagh Prose Wks. 1886 II. xxix. 408 Well, I declare ! 
If it is not Mr. Kavanagh! 1889 Eart or Desart Lit. 
Chatelaine I. xxiii, 107, I declare, 1 long to see your 
niece. 

7. To declare oneself: @. to avow or proclaim 
one’s opinions, leanings, or intentions; b. to 
make known or reveal one’s true character, identity, 
or existence ; also fig. of things. 

c 1529 Wotsey in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. I. 5 So declaryng 
your sylf therin that the world may perceive [etc.]. @ 1626 

3acon (J.), In Casar’s army pe fh the soldiers would 
have had, yet they would not declare themselves in it, but 
only demanded a discharge. @ 1680 Butter Rem, (1759) I. 
237 As Thistles wear the softest Down, To hide their 
Prickles till they’re grown; And then declare themselves 
and tear Whatever ventures to come near. a1719 AvplI- 
son (J.), We are a considerable body, who, upon a 
proper occasion, would not fail to declare ourselves. 1883 
Standard 7 Sept. 4/6 A politician who could hardly 
declare himself with frankness without. .alienating one or 
other of the sections of which his Party was ray 1884 
Weekly Times 7 Nov. 2/4 Wherever a spark fell..a little 
fire promptly declared itself. 

e@. with for or agarnst, etc. Cf. 8. 

1631 Brautieu Let. in Crt. & Times Chas. I (1848) 11.155 
‘The circle of the Lower Saxony have now declared them- 
selves for him. 1697 Dampier oy. I. Introd. p. vi, I..now 
declared myself on the side of those that were Out-voted. 
1840 T'HirL watt Greece VII. 303 Alexander. .declared him- 
self for Cassander. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. ix. 144 
Protestant children were invited to declare themselves 
against the religion of their parents. 

8. intr. (for refl.) To declare for (in favour of), 
or against: to make known or avow one’s sym- 
pathy, opinion, or resolution to act, for or against. 

16.. Jer. Taytor (J.), The internal faculties of will and 
understanding, decreeing and declaring against them. 16; 
B. Harris Parival's [ron Age 216 Poyer, and Powell, for- 
merly for the Parliament..declared against them. 1 
HEARNE Collect. 3 Apr., A Man.. for siding with both 
Parties... and not declaring .. for either, 1754 CHATHAM 
Lett. Nephew iv. 23 The adhering. .to false and dangerous 
notions, only because one has declared for them. 1823 
Lams Elia Ser. 1. Poor Rel, He declareth against fish. 
1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. III. 642 Wexford had declared 
for King William, 1881 Henty Cornet of Horse xvii. 175 
oa el naturally declared at once for the journey to 

aris. 

+b. Zo declare for: to declare oneself a candi- 
date for; to make a bid for. Ods. 

1666 Pepys Diary (1879) VI. 44 To discourse of the further 
quantity of victuals fit to be declared for. 1701 W. Wotton 
Hist. Rome 385 These Fancy’s led one Severus. .to declare 
for the Empire. 1769 Gotpsm. Hist. Rome (1786) Il. 456 
‘Those who at first instigated him to declare for the throne. 

9. 70 declare off: to state formally that one is ‘ off’ 
with a bargain or undertaking; to break off an 
engagement, practice, ete. ; to withdraw, back out. 
collog. (Rarely ¢rans.) 

1749 Firtpinc Tom Yones xv. ix, Propose marriage. .and 
she will declare off in a moment. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. 
xiii, No, I declare off; I'll fight no more. 1791 Govv. 
Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) III. 19, contrived 
to get clear by declaring off from being a candidate, 1812 
Sporting Mag. XX XIX. 188 Many declared off their bets. 
1876 G. Exvtor Dan. Der. vin. Ixiv. 573 When itcame to the 
point, Mr. Haynes declared off, and there has been no one 
to take it since. 

10. Law. 
statement of claim as plaintiff in an action. 
with that. 

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 20 § 2 If. .eny of theym be non- 
sute in any of the said Appelis after they have appered and 
declared in the same. a 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law 
iii. (1636) 20 Her demand is of a moity, and shee declares 
upon the custome of the Realme. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. 
ii. § x51 If an action of debt be broug iministrators 
and they declare that[etc.]. 1768 Brackstone Comm. III. 
113 The party applying for the prohibition is directed by 
the court to declare in prohibition. E 

b. trans. To make a formal statement consti- 
tuting or acknowledging (a trust or use). 

1677 Act 29 Chas. I/, c. 3 § 7 That all declarations or 
creations of trusts or confidences. .shall be..proved by some 
writing, signed by the party who is by law enabled to declare 
such trust. 1767 BLackstone Com, 11, 363 If these deeds 
are made previous to the fine or recovery, they are called 


a. intr. To make a declaration or 
Also 


100 


Ee etek ; oh ae 
‘m., RUISE Diges: 2) VI. Where trusts 
and limitations were ex, dedand 

ce. To make a ful and proper statement of or as 
to (goods liable to duty); to name (such and such 
dutiable goods) as being in one’s possession. ¢rams. 
and intr. 

1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 158 Without declaring and ing 
thareet, and oh the Duties and Customs which Sarat 
so subject to. 1762 Univ. Mag. Feb. 99 All merchants who 
shall have in their possession any cod, or other fish. .shall.. 
declare the same and deliver an account thereof. 1872 
Howes Wedd. Yourn. 279 ‘ Perhaps we'd better declare 
some of these things’..‘I won't dec a thread!’ Mod. 
(Revenue Officer) Hive you anything to declare?’ 

11. In the game of bezique: To announce (a par- 
ticular score) by laying down the cards which yield 
the score; to lay the cards face up on the table 
for this purpose. rans. or absol. 

1870 Mod. Hoyle 147 (Besigue) The winner of the trick 
now declares, if he has anything to declare. 

+12. rans. To clear (a person) of a charge or 


imputation. Ods. 

1460 Paston Lett. No. 347 1. 508 [We were] mistrusted to 
our grete vilanye and rebuke, wheche muste be answerd 
the causes why, and we declared. 1463-4 Plumpton Corr. 
p. lxx, Our welbeloved William Plompton Kt. hath truly, 
sufficiently, & clearly declared himself of all manner 
matters that have been said or surmised against him, & 
so we hold him thereof for fully excused & declared. 

Declared (d/klé1d), fp/. a. [f. prec. + -ED.] 
Openly or formally made known by words or 
something equivalent ; openly avowed, professed. 

165r Hones Leviath, . xxviii. 163 Harme inflicted upon 
one thatisadeclaredenemy. 1 Wodrow Corr. (1843) 11. 
661, | was glad to observe a declared inclination to write 
the lives of our remarkably learned men. 1781 Gisson Decd. 
& F. IIL. g2 Declared and devout Pagans. 1828 Scott 
F. M. Perth xxv, A declared lover. 1884 Pall Mall G. 
2 Sept. 8/1 The present condition of affairs is most trying, 
and a declared state of war would be preferable. 

Declaredly (diklérédli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY 2.] In adeclared manner ; with formal declara- 
tion; professedly, avowedly, etc. 

1 - Goopwin Junoc. Triumph. (1645) 44 Many by 
being declaredly ingag'd for such or such an opinion. 1664 
More Alyst. nig. xiil. 42 They avery and declaredly pro- 
fess that there Is ely one true God. 1748 RIcHARDSON 
Clarissa (1811) 1. 10 Had not her uncle brought him de- 
a, as a- suitor to her? 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. 
/ndia III. 130 The states..were not declaredly at war. 

Decla'redness. 7ave. 
The state of being declared. 

1846 WorcesTER cites More. 

+ Decla‘rrement. Oés. [f. DEcLARE v. + 
-MENT. Cf. OF. declarement (desclairiement, de- 
clairement) 14-15th c.; but this was app. obs. 
when the Eng. word was formed.] 

1. The act of showing or setting forth ; exposition, 
explanation, manifestation, declaring. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. i, The frequent errors, 
we shall our selves commit, even in the expresse declare- 
ment hereof. 1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sci. xiv. 78 For the 
Declarement of this, we are to observe [etc.]. 

2. Declaration, express or formal statement ; the 
act of declaring against anys 

1633 T. Avams £-x/. 2 Peter ii. 3 When by our comfort- 
able declarements, we have testified our assurance of blessed- 
ness. 1679 ‘Tom Tickteroor’ Trial Wakeman 7 A de- 
clarement against shedding innocent blood. : 

Declarer (d/kléera1). [f. DecLaRE v. + -ER.] 

1. One who declares: +a. One who expounds, 
explains, or interprets. Ods. 

1527 R. Tuorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 258 That I be the 
declarer or gloser of mine owne worke. 1§30 Patscr. 212/r 
Declarer, expounder, declarevr, exposevr. a 1714 J. Suarr 
Serm. VII, tv. (R.), To be the infallible declarers and inter- 
preters of the sense of Scripture to all the Christian world. 


[f. as prec. + -NESS.] 


b. One who = that which) exhibits, sets 
forth, or makes known; one who proclaims or 
publishes. 


see 


1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xviii. (R.), He became 
..an open declarer of Gods goodness. 1 tate Trials, 
WwW. nh peed (R.), He is not the declarer of his intentions. 
1670 Eacuarp Cont, igs ic Such as are His peculiar 
servants, and declarers of His mind and doctrine. 1870 
Ruskin Lects Art iii. (1887) 89 The declarer of some true 
facts or sincere passions. 

2. One who makes or signs a declaration. 

1649 C. WALKER Hist. Jnde, . 1. 144 The Declarers 
play the Orators in behalfe of the felicity of Government. 
1817 Conpett Pol. Reg. 8 Feb. 173 This is declaration for de- 
claration.. But, my worthy rers, I am not going to 


stop here. 

3. One who declares at bezique. 

1870 Mod. ce I 5 Desiree) The declarer cannot declare 
Sequence and eyed arriage at a blow. 

(d?kléerin), vb/. sb. [-1NG1.] The 
action of the verb DEcLARE in its various senses ; 
precy Clepe 

ex cer Boeth, um. x. (Camb. MS.) it as 
thow woke be it porisme..or declarynges. ¢ 1386 — Monk's 
T. 94 Lo, this declaryng ought pacedeaion PAtscr. 
212/2 Declaryng of armes, d/ason. 1611 Bist 2 Macc. vi. 
17 And nowe wee come to the of the matter 
in few words. 1612 Brerewoop Lang. & Relig. xii. 108 For 
the better declaring of which point. 1667 J. Corser Disc. 
Relig. Eng. 40 Their hazardous declaring against the de- 
signed Death of our late Soveraign. 


| 
| 


« declension and fall. 1874 


DECLENSION, 


Decla’ adv, rare. In a manner that 
Pt vegans or demonstrates. 


Nowe tt & Day in C wt E iv, Fides justi- 
Sem caveat) kta ts 


, faith doth iustifie ay ly, opera 
iustificant declaratiué, workes doe iustifie declaringly. 
Declass (dikla's), v. [a. mod.F. déclasser, f. 


dé-, des- (see Dx- I. 6) + classe class, classer to 
class.] trans. To remove or degrade from one’s 
class. Hence Decla‘ssed ff/. a. (=F. déclassé). 

1888 Pall Mall Budget 5 July 30/2 Mrs. E, who declasses 


herself once for all by face. 1891 New Review 
June 563 The declassed J Marsett. 
Declassi : see Dre- II. 1. 


, declassify 

Declension (dklenfon). [Represents L. de- 
clindtion-em (n. of action f. déclindre to DECLINE), 
F. déclinaison (13th c.). The form is irregular, 
and its history obscure: possibly it came from the 
F. word, by shifting of the stress as in comparison, 
orison, benzson, and loss of #, as in venison, ven'son, 
giving declin’ son (cf. 1565 in 4), with subsequent as- 
similative changes; the grammatical sense was the 
earliest, and the word had no doubt a long collo- 
quial existence in the grammar schools before the 
ae oe form appears in print. Cf, ConsTEr.] 

. 1. The action or state of declining, or deviating 
from a vertical or Lagegeager® Pada ; slope, in- 
clination; a declining or sinking into a lower 
position, as of the sun towards setting ; the dip of 
the magnetic needle (= DECLINATION 8 a). ? Obs. 

1640-4 Lp. Fincn in Rushw. Hist. Coll. m. (1692) I. 13 
To make us steer between the —_ of Moderation, that 
there be no declension from the Pole of Security. a 1659 
Ossorn Q. Eliz. Epist. Ddivb, The i t Traveller 
ae see by the Dial, the Time is in adeclension. 1684-90 
T. Burnet 7h. Earth (J.), Allowas much for the declension 
of the land from that place to the sea. 1764 Graincer Sugar 
Cane 1. iii. note, The declension of the needle was discovered 
A.D. 1492 by Columbus. 1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Emp. 
I. 67 The northern part..has a sensible declension towards 
the White Sea. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav. (1812) II. 201 
This elevated ridge extends, with gradual declensions.. 
towards the sea. 

2. fig. Deviation or declining from a standard ; 
falling away (from one’s allegiance), apostasy. 

1 Suaxs. Rich. /1/, mn. vii. 189 A Beautie-waining .. 
Widow .. Seduc’d the pitch, and height of his degree, To 
base declension, and loath’d Bigamie. 1647 CLareNnvon /ist. 
Reb. vu. (1843) 432/1 A declension from his own rules of life. 
c 1665 Mrs. Hlurcrieaon Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 336 
All their prudent declensions saved not the lives of some nor 
the estates of others. 1814 Cary Daxte, Parad. 1v. 69 That 
..is argument for faith, and not For heretic declension. 
1881 W.R.Smitn Old Test. in Few. Ch. xii. 344 The declen- 
sions of Israel had not checked the outward zeal with which 
Jehovah was worshipped. ; pas 

8. The process or state of declining, or sinking 
into a lower or inferior condition ; gradual 
diminution, deterioration, or decay; falling off, 
decline. 

1602 Suaxs. //am. u. ii. 149 He ..Fell into a Sadnesse.. 
thence into a Weaknesse, Thence to a Lightnesse, and by 
this declension Into the Madnesse whereon now he raues. 
1660 Jer. Tavior Worthy Commun. ii. § 1. 115 In_the 
greatest declension of Religion. 1677 Govt. Venice Ep. 
1 The State of Venice is at this day in its i 1734 
tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. ag be Pref. 1 The causes of their 

aurice Friendship Bks. ii. 55 
Symptoms of declension or decay. | 
b. Sunken or fallen condition. 

1642 Jer. Tavtor Efisc. (1647) 214 It hath. .come to so low 
a declension, as it can scarce pid alone. tr. Rollin's 
Anc. Hist. (1827) VIL. xvu._345 Till _ sunk to her 
last declension. 1776 Apam Situ W. N.1. xi. 1. 213 The 
ascerney of Spain is not, perhaps, so great as is commonly 
imagined. 

. 4. Gram. a. The variation of the form of a 
noun, adjective, or pronoun, constituting its different 
cases (see Case 50.1 9); case-inflexion. b. Each 
of the classes into which the nouns of any language 
are big ae according to their inflexions. ¢. The 
action of declining, z.e. setting forth in order the 
different cases of, a noun, adjective, or pronoun. 


1565-78 Coorer 7% us Introd., Sub may be 
perceyved by their gender and declenson. 1 . SANFORD 
tr. Agrippa’s Van. Artes 10 Rules of Declensions. 1598 


Suaks, W. w. i. 76 Show me now (William) some 
declensi your Pr 1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. 58 
The terminations of euery case in euery Declension. 


seueral ery 
1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. vi. i, (R.), Ancient 
were more full of declensi cases, conjug 
tions, tenses, and the like. 1845 Sroppart in Lucyci. 
Metrop. 187/x Those inflections, which ns call 
declensions and conjugations, x Rosy Lat. Gram. 
* L. 113 § 334 The ordi division of nouns substantive was 
into hve declensions. /did. 116 § 344 Ordinary declension 
of -o stems, 
+d. Formerly, in a wider sense: Change of the 
form or of the ending of a word, as in derivation. 
(Cf. note under CasE sd.1 9.) Obs. rare. [So L. 
declinatio in early use.] 
oe Cupworrts /ntell, Syst. 524 The God. .was called not 
Beilum but Bellona. not Cuna but Cunina..Atother times, 
this was without any ion of the Word at all. 
III, 5. The action of declining; courteous 
refusal, declinature. rare. 
1817 Byron Let, to Mi ar A 
declension’ for the. .tragedy? 1886 
Waldemar’s declension. 


.» You want a ‘civil.. 
ho 13 Nov. 3/1 Prince 


DECLENSIONAL. 


Declensional (déklenfonal), a. [f. prec. + 
-aL.] Of or belonging to grammatical declension. 

1856 Sat. Rev. Il. 461/2 The Albanian declensional in- 
flections, 1875 Wuitney Life Lang. x. 200 Conjugational 
and declensional inflections. 

Hence Decle'nsionally adv. 

1888 Ruys Hibbert Lectures 69 This tavan does not cor- 
respond declensionally to Taranis. | 

eclericalize, declimatize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Declinable (d7kloi:nab’l), a. [a. F. déclinable 
(14th c.), ad. L. declinadbilis (Priscian), f. déclina-re 
to DECLINE: see -BLE.] Gram. Capable of being 
declined ; having case-inflexions. 

1530 Parser. 135 Any word declynable in this tong. 1659 
Pearson Creed (1839) 242 The latter with a Greek termin- 
ation, declinable. 187r Rosy Lat. Gram. I. § 795 Declin- 
able adjectives of number. 

Declinal (d7klai-nal), sd. rave—1'. [f. DECLINE 
v. (sense 13): cf. dental and -au.] The action of 
declining ; courteous refusal, declinature. 

1837 Sir F. Parcrave Merch. § Friar (1844) 2 The 
declinals were grounded upon reasons neither unkind nor 
uncomplimentary. 

+Declinal, a. Obs. rare-}. 
CLINE.] = DECLINABLE. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. v. xxvii, A nowne substantyve 
-.-wyth a gender is declynall [+e subtancyall]. 

Declinant (de‘klinant), @ and sd. [a. F. dé- 
clinant, pr. pple. of décliner to DECLINE. ] 

A. adj. 1. Her. ‘Applied to a serpent borne 
with the tail straight downwards’ (Robson, Brit. 
Herald, 1830). 

2. Declining. monce-use. 

1893 National Observer 20 May 17/2 Auriga..drooped 
declinant, perilously near the horizon. 

+B. sb. One who is declining (in fortunes, etc.). 

1734 Nortu Lives II. 64 The aspirant dealt with all 
imaginable kindness and candour to the declinant. 

Declinate (deklintt), @ Bot. [ad. L. décli- 
nat-us, pa. pple. of déclinare to bend away or 
down.] Inclined downwards or leaning to one side. 

1810 W. Roxsurcu in Asiatic Res. XI. 346 Zinziber 
Zerumbet..Stems declinate. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 235 
Stamens. .erect or declinate. 

+ Declinated, «. [f. as prec.+-ED.] =prec. 

1757 Puctney in PAzl. Trans. L. 66 The Atropa comes in 
among those, that have declinated stamina. 

Declination (deklinzi:fon).  [a. OF. déclina- 
cion, ad. L. declinatién-em, n. of action f. déclindre 
to DECLINE. In some senses peth. a direct adap- 
tation of the L. word.] The action of declining. 

+1. A turing aside, swerving, deviation from a 
standard ; turning aside (from rectitude, etc.) ; fall- 
ing away; =DECLENSION 2. Obs. 

1533 More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Wks. 1035/2 Declinacion 
into foule and filthy talking. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. 
128 The declinations from Religion. 1659 Hammonp Ox 
Ps. ci. 3. 496 The least declination from the rules of justice. 
1673 Lady's Call. 1.§ 3.24 The declinations to any vice are 
gradual. 1814 Sourney Roderick x. Poems IX. 94 The 
slight bias of untoward chance Makes his best virtue from 
the even line, With fatal declination, swerve aside. 

+2. An inclination or leaning (away from or fo- 
wards anything) ; a mental bias. Ods. 

a 1605 Stow Q. £/iz. an. 1581 (R.), Letters. .signefying the 
queen’s declination from marriage, and the people’s unwill- 
ingness to match that way. 1622 Donne Sev. (1624) 15 
Saint Augustine himself had, at first, some declination to- 
wards that opinion. ne i 

3. A leaning, bending, or sloping downwards; 
slope, inclination from the vertical or horizontal 
position. 

1594 Prat Fewell-ho. u. 16 Let it settle..then by declina- 
tion poure away the cleerest. 1616 BuLtoxar, Declination, 
a bending downeward. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. ii. 
§ 16 For this purpose he invented a motion of declination.. 
he’supposed. .the descent not to be in a perpendicular right 
line, but to decline a little. ax1742 Bentiey (J.), This de- 
clination of atoms in their descent, was itself either necessary 
or voluntary. 1816 Scorr Axtig. xiii, A declination of the 
Antiquary’s stiff backbone acknowledged the preference. 
1846 Joyce Sez. Dial. x. 23 A small declination..would 
throw the line of direction out of the base. 

+4. A sinking into a lower position; descent 
towards setting ; = DEcLinine 02. sb. 4. Obs. 

1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. i. 5 In Septembre in fallynge 
of the lefe Whan phebus made his declynacyon. 1630 J. 
Taytor (Water P.) Tvav. Wks. m1. 84/2 Beeing a man famous 
through Europe, Asia, Affricke, and America, from the 
Orientall exhaltation of Titan, to his Occidental declination. 

+5. The gradual falling off from a condition of 
prosperity or vigour; decline; decay. Ods. 

1533 More Aol. xviii. Wks. ‘oes In this declinacion of 
the worlde. 1589 PuTrENHAM . Poesie 1. vi. (Arb.) 27 
Then aboutes began the declination of the Romain Empire. 
@1638 Meve View Afoc. Wks. (1672) v. 923 His Declination 
and Ruine we see is already begun. . StussBe Vind, 
Dutch War 82 The declination of antient Learning. 1799 
Wasuincton Let. Writ. (1 3) XIV. 191 Although I have 
abundant cause to be thankful for..good health .. yet I am 
not insensible to my declination in other resp 

+6. The withholding of acceptance ; non-accept- 
ance, modest or courteous refusal ; declinature. 
2 Obs. 

1612-5 Br. Hatt Contemp. O. T. xu.v, A modest declina- 
tion of that honour, which he saw must come. — Contempl. 
N. 7. 1v. x, A voluntary declination of their familiar con- 


[irreg. f. Dr- 


. 


101 - 


versation. 1884 Pall Mall G. 21 Aug. 5/r [The author] 
must excuse our declination to accept as possible characters 
in_any possible social system, people so unnatural. 

7. Astron. The angular distance of a heavenly 
body (north or south) from ‘the celestial equator, 
measured on a meridian passing through the body: 
corresponding to terrestrial Jatitude. Formerly 
also the angular distance from the ecliptic. 

(The earliest and now most usual sense.) 

Circle or parallel of declination : see CIRCLE 2a, PARALLEL. 

©1386 Cuaucer Frankl. 7,518 Phebus. .That in his hoote 
declynacion Shoon as the burned gold with stremes brighte. 
c1391 — Astrol. 1. $17 In this heued of Cancer is the 
grettest declinacioun northward of the Sonne. /ééd. 1. § 17 
Al be it so pat fro the Equinoxial may the declinacion or the 
latitude of any body celestial be rikned..riht so may the 
latitude or the declinacion of any raed celestial, saue only 
of the sonne. .be rekned fro the Ecliptik lyne. 1549 Comfd. 
Scot. vi. 47 The mouyng, eleuatione, and declinatione of the 
sone, mune, and of the sternis. 1594 BLuNDEvIL Everc. ul. 
(ed. 7)113 The greatest declination which is 23 degrees, 28’. 
1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 390 In consequence of the 
different declinations of the sun and moon at different times. 
1816 Piayrair Nat. Phil. 11. 7 The arch of that circle inter- 
cepted between the star and the Equator is called the De- 
clination of the star. 1872 Procror £ss. Astron. i. 2 To 
Herschel astronomy was not a matter of right ascension and 
declination. . 

8. Of the magnetic needle: +a. Formerly, the 
Die or deviation from the horizontal (ods.); b. 
the deviation from the true north and south line, 
esp. the angular measure of this deviation ; also 
called VARIATION. 

1635 N. Carrenter Geog. Ded. 1. iii. 66 The Declination is 
a magneticall motion, whereby the magneticall needle con- 
uerts it selfe vnder the Horizontall plaine, towards the Axis 
of the Earth. 1646 Sir ‘Tl. Browne Pseud. Zp. u. ii.61 The 
Inclination or Declination of the Loadstone; that is, the 
descent of the needle below the plaine of the Horizon. 1865 
LivinGstone Zamibesi vi. 133 Magnetical observations, for 
ascertaining the dip and declination of the needle. 1878 
Huxtey Physiog. i. 10 The divergence of the position of the 
magnetic needle from the true north-and-south line is called 
its declination, or by nautical men, its variation. 

9. Dialling. Of a vertical plane (e.g. that of a 
wall): The angular measure of its deviation from 
the prime vertical (the vertical plane through the 
east and west points of the horizon), or from the 
meridian (that through the north and south points). 

1593 [see DecLINE v7. 2 b]. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Alag. 
vu. vi. 11 The Declination of a Plane is the Azimuthal 
Distance of his Poles from the meridian. 1703 Moxon J/ech. 
Exerc. 314 If it do not point directly either East, West, 
North, or South, then so many degrees is the Declination of 
the Plane. 1737-5 Cramsers Cycl., Declination of a plane, 
or wall, in dialling. 

O. Gram. =DECLENSION 4. Ods. 

c1440 Carcrave Life St. Kath. 1. i. 259 To teche hir of 
retoryk and gramer the scole.. The declynacions, pe per- 
sonys, the modys, be tens. 1530 PatsGr. Introd. 29 Pro- 
nownes of the fyrst declynation. 1603 FLorio Montaigne 
I, xxv. (1632) 85 We did tosse our declinations, and con- 
jugations to and fro. 75x Smottetr Per. Pic. (1779) I. xii. 
105 A perfect 7gzoramus, who scarce knows the declination 
of musa. — % : 

Ll. attrib. and Comé., as declination-circle, -needle. 

1854 MosE.ey Astron. ix. (ed. 4) 41 Declination-circles are 
those great circles which pass round the heavens from one 
pole to the other. 1870 R. M. Fercuson £lectr. 19 Instru- 
ments for determining magnetic declinations are called 
declination needles or declinometers. 

Declina‘tional, . [f. prec.+-au.] Relating 
to declination. 

1881 J. G. BARNARD in Swzthsonian Contrib. Knowl. No. 
310. 15 Absence of right ascension and declinational motions 
of the attracting body. 

Declinator ! (de‘klinzitax). [agent-n. on L. 
type f. L. déclindre to Decuine. F. déclinateur.] 

+1. One who declines or refuses; a dissentient ; 
also=DECLINER 2. Obs. 

1606 Br. W. Bartow Ser. (1607) Aiva, Declinators 
from their lawful Princes tribunall. @ 1670 Hacxet Af, 
Williams 1. (1692) 65 The votes of the declinators could 
not be heard for the noise. 

2. Dialling. An instrument for determining the 
declination of planes. 

_ 1727-51 Cuamsers Cycl., Declinator or Declinatory, an 
instrument in dialling, whereby the declination, inciination, 
and reclination, of planes is determined. 

+ Declinator 2 (dikloinatar), a. and sd. Sc. 
Law. Obs. Also 7 -our. 
natoire ; see DECLINATORY.] 

A. adj. In exception declinatour=B. B. sb. A 
written instrument declining the jurisdiction of a 


judge or court. 

1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 113 Exceptions declinatours against 
the Judge. 16: “ith, eclinator and Protestation of the 
Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of Scotland. 1681 
Lond. Gaz. No. 1651/4 The same day were likewise past, 
An Act gainst Protections, An Act against Declinators. 
1733 Neat Hist. Purit. il. 324 The Bishops Declinator 
being read, was unanimously rejected. 

(dzkloinatori), a, and sd. [ad. 
med.L. déclinatori-us (f. ppl. stem déclinat- of dé- 
clinare : see -oRY), in the legal expression exceptio 
declinatoria, in F, exception déclinatoire. French 
has also the sb. use (1381 in Hatzf.).] 

A. adj. That declines (sense 13); expressing 
refusal. Declinatory plea (Law): a plea intended 


[Sc. repr. of F. déc/d- 


DECLINE. 


to show that the party was exempt from the juris- 
diction of the court, or from the penalty of the 
law; abolished in 1826. 

1673 Marve. Corr. ccxi. Wks. 1872-5 II. 412 Return an 
answer. .in a civill but declinatory way. 1769 BLACKSTONE 
Comm. IV. 327 Formerly .. the benefit of clergy used to be 
pleaded before trial or conviction, and was called a declin- 
atory plea. 1848 WuHarton Law Lex., Declinatory plea, 
a plea of sanctuary, also pleading benefit of clergy befcre 
trial or conviction. 

B. 56. 1. Law. A declinatory plea. 

@ 1693 Urquuart Rabelais 1. xxxix. 326 Declinatories 
[Fr. declinatoires], Anticipatories. a1734 Nortu Lives 
(1826) I. 342 They had a declinatory of course: viz..‘ That 
matters of Parliament were too high for them’. 

+2. Dialling. =DeEctinatoR1 2, Obs. 

1703 Moxon Mech. E.verc. 311 If the Situation of the 
Plane be not given, you must seek it.. the readiest and 
easiest [way] is by an Instrument called a Declinatory. 
1727-51 [see Decuinator! 2]. 

Declinature (dékloi-natitu). [f. L. type d& 
clinatira, f. ppl. stem déclindt-: see -URE. In sense 
1 perhaps a ‘rectification’ of DECLINATOR 2. 

1. Sc. Law. A formal plea declining to admit 
the jurisdiction of a court or tribunal; sfec. ‘the 
privilege which a party has in certain circumstances 
to decline judicially the jurisdiction of the judge 
before whom he is cited’ (Bell): = DEcLINATOR 2, 
DECLINATORY sé. 1. 

1637-50 Row //ist. Kirk (1842) 321 He had given in a de- 
clinature, containing reasons why he could not acknowledge 
that judicatorie to be lawfull. 1639 Battie Let. to W, 
Spang 28 Sept., To passe from his declinature of the Generall 
Assemblie. 1754 Erskine Paine. Sc. Law (1809) 19 The 
defender pleads a declinature, which is repelled. 186 
W. Beit Dict. Law Scot. 258/2 Vhe relationship of the 
judge to one or both of the parties is a ground of de- 
clinature. 1883 Garpiner “fist, Eng. I. 60 Black .. having 
once more declined its jurisdiction, a formal resolution was 
passed to the effect that .. the Court refused to admit the 
declinature. us 

2. gen. The action of declining or refusing ; 
courteous refusal. 

1842 Arison //ist, Europe (1853) X1V. xcv. § 29. 104 This 
second declinature irritated the government in the highest 
degree. 1882 A. B, Bruce Parad. Teaching (1889) 504 It was 
nothing more than a declinature to be burdened with their 
neighbours’ affairs. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 June 5/5 ‘The 
reported declinature of office by the Marquis of Salisbury. 

Decline (dikloi‘n), sé. Also 4 declyn, 5 de- 
elyne. f[a. F. déclin, f. décliner to DECLINE.] 

1. The process of declining or sinking to a weaker 
or inferior condition ; gradual loss of force, vigour, 
vitality, or excellence of quality ; falling off, decay, 
diminution, deterioration. Ox the decline: ina 
declining state; declining, falling off. 

@ 1327 in Pol, Songs (Camden) 154 Al hit cometh in declyn 
this gigelotes geren. c¢ 1430 LypG. 7hedbes 1. (R.), The 
high noblesse shall draw to decline Of Greekes blood. 1638 
C. ALevn Hist. /fen. 1/1, 138 When Bodies cease to grow, 
’tis the presage Of a decline to their decrepit Age. 1711 
STEELE Sfect. No. 78 p4 The Lady had actually lost one 
Eye, and the other was very much upon the Decline. 1766 
Gotpsm. Vic. HW. xxviii, The decline of my daughter's 
health. 1776 Gisson (title), History of the Decline and 
Fall of the Roman Empire. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. 
India (11. 436 The ascendancy, decline, and final overthrow 
of the Mahrattas, 1892 Laz Times XCII. 138/1 It is said 
that reading in barristers’ chambers is on the decline. 

b. Fallen or sunken condition. rare. 

1705 StanHore Paraphr. I. 108 In the lowest Decline of 
Oppression and Disgrace, he was in no degree less worthy 
of Veneration than when in his highest Glory. 

e. A gradual failure of the physical powers, as 
in the later years of life. 

1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) I. 85/1 Numa.. wasted 
away insensibly with old age and a gentle decline. 1801 
Med, Frul. V.545 A gradual decline had apparently begun. 

d. Any disease in which the bodily strength 
gradually fails ; esf tubercular phthisis, consump- 
tion. 

1783 Gentl. Mag. LIII, 11. 1066 [Died] at his brother's at 
Enfield, of a deep decline, by bursting a_blood-vessel in 
coughing. 1790 Map. D’ArsLay Diary Dec., A general 
opinion that I was falling into a decline. 1845 S. Austin 
Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1, 285 He fell into a rapid decline, and 
died prematurely. 1857 Hucues Tom Browz u. i, She said 
one of his sisters was like to die of decline. 1882 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Decline..applied to the later stages of phthisis pul- 
monalis. Also, a term for the condition formerly called Tades. 

e. Comm. A downward movement or gradual 
fall in price or value. ae 

1885 Manch. Guardian 20 July 5/5 The decline in the 
value of labour has not hitherto kept pace with that of 
commodities and property. 1887 Daily News 23 Feb. 2/6, 
560 bags Demerara syrups at 6d decline. 1893 /ézd. 25 Dec, 
7/3 The market was weak, but declines were unimportant. 

2. Of the sun or day: The action of sinking to- 
wards its setting or close. 

14.. Epiph. in Tundale’s Vis. 103 Westryng or drawyng 
to declyne. 1590 GREENE Or/. Fur, (1861) 111 Where 
Pheebus..kisses Thetis in the days decline. 1667 Mitton 
P. L.1w. 792 This Evening from the Sun’s decline arriv’d. 
1827 PoLtok Course 7’. x, At dawn, at mid-day, and decline. 

b. In the decline of life there is a mixture of 
senses I and 2. 

1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 25 A Gentleman who according to 
his Years should bein the Decline of his Life. 1848 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. 1. 269 The king and his heir were nearly of the 
same age. Both were approaching the decline of life. 


DECLINE. 


3. A downward incline, a slope. rare. 

1538 Levanp /tin. II. 46 Farington, standing in a stony 
Ground in the Decline of an Hille. 1844 Mech. Mag. XL. 
397 The frightful precipitation of a railway train down a 
decline. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frul. Geog. Soc. 
XXIX. 237 §1 On the decli more precipi than Swiss 
terraces, manioc and cereals grow luxuriantly. 

Decline (déklein), v. Also 4-6 declyne. 
[a. F. décline-r (Chans. Roland 11th c.), ad. L. 
déclinare to turn or bend away or aside from the 
straight course, etc., f. De- I. 2 + -clindre (in 
comb.) to bend, cognate with Gr. «Aiv-ew to bend, 
and Teut. *lindjan, OSax. hlinén to lean. In 
the sense-development the prefix de- has also been 
taken in the sense ‘down’, of which there is little 
trace in L. déclindre.] 

I. Intransitive senses. * 70 turn aside, deviate. 
+1. To turn or bend aside; to deviate (from the 
straight course) ; to turn away. Obs. 

c1325 £. E. Allit. P. A. 333 Now rech I neuer for to 
declyne, Ne how fer of folde bat man me fleme. 14..Z/ipA. 
in Tundale’s Vis. 122 No thyng may be hyd from thy 
presence Ne from thyne eye declyne ne astart. 1483 Cax- 
ton Gold. Leg. 65/4 Dauid said what haue I doo. .and de- 
clyned fro hys brother to other of the peple. 1555 Eben 
Decades 1 Colonus directynge his visage towarde the weste 
.- declining somwhat towarde the left hande, sayled on 
forwarde xxxiii. dayes. 1632 LitHcow Trav. vi. 291 
Againe night we declined towards Gaza. 1691 Ray Creation 
1. (1704) 62 A line..much declining from the Object. 1703 
MaunpreELt Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 57 Here we began to de- 
cline from the Sea-Coast. 1778 Be. Lowtu Transl. [saiah 
(ed. 12) 55 Turn aside from the way; decline from the 
straight path. 1839 Lincarp Hist. Eng. (ed. 4) XI. 286 The 
few individuals who ventured abroad..when they met, de- 
clined on opposite sides, to avoid the contact of each other. 

+b. To turn aside from (anything) so as to 
avoid it: cf. the trans. sense in 12. Obs. 

1526 Prlgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 93 b, Wecan not beare y® 
presence of our neyghbour. . but ’declyne from his company. 
1563 Foxe A. & A/.723b, Naturally euery creature declineth 
gladly from that thyng which goth about to hurt it. 

. &. Astron.and Geog. To deviate, diverge, or 
fall away from the equator (formerly also, from the 
ecliptic) ; to have DECLINATION (sense 7). Ods. 

1 Cuaucer Asfrol, 1. § 21 Pat on half [of the Zodiac] 
declinith sowthward, & pat other northward. /déd. 11. §17 
The Ecliptic lyne: fro which lyne alle Planetes som tyme 
declinen north or south. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 200 
Java is an Ile..declining seven degrees from the A°quator 
towards the Antarctique Pole. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 
I. 331 At London the least Twilight is when the Sun declines 
from the Equator towards the South 64 7’. 

+b. Dealling. Of a vertical plane: To have an 
aspect oblique to the prime vertical or to the 
meridian ; to have DECLINATION (sense 9). Ods. 

1593 Fate Dialling 4 The East and West are not said to 
decline, because the declination is accounted from the south 
and North to the direct East and West points. 1669 
Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vu. x. 15 AB is a Wall or Plane 
declining East..so much as the Wall bendeth from the East 
Azimuth, so much doth his Pole at P decline or bend from the 
Meridian. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 311 The South Erect 
Plane, declining more or less towards the East or West. 

+c. Of the magnetic needle: To deviate from 
the true north and south line; cf. DECLINATION 8. 

1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 180 In that 
place the needle declin’d 22 degrees from the North, to- 
wards the West. 1674 BoyLe Excell. Theol. u. v. 215 The 
magnetick needle not onely declining in many places from 
the true points of N. and g but..varying in tract of time 
its declination in the self-same place. 

+3. fig. To tum aside in conduct ; esp. to swerve 
or fall away (from rectitude, duty, allegiance, in- 
structions, etc.). Ods. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. w. vii. 145 Of hem pat eschewen 
and declinen fro vices and taken be weye of vertue. cr 
tr. De Imitatione 1. xx. 24 Ner lete hem not lijtly decline 
to outwarde consolacions. 1 Act 11 Hen. VII, ce. 1 § 2 
Persones .. which shall hereafter declyne from .. their seid 
alli 21507 C c. Bdij, Alas why .. so un- 
kyndl from hym declyne That is our god so gracyous. 
1558 cnc First Blast (Arb.) 31 Frome the highest to the 
lowest, all were declined frome the. a@1580 Farrant’'s 
Anthem, ‘Lord, for thy tender mercies’ sake’, Give us 
grace to amend our sinful lives, to decline from sin and in- 
cline to virtue. 16x Biste Ps. cxix. 157 Yet doe I not de- 
cline from thy testimonies. 1728 Newron Chronol. Amended 
vi. 352 They declined from the worship of this Eternal 
Invisible Goa. 1749 F. Smiru Voy. Il. 201 He had formed 
a Design. .of declining from his Instructions. e : 

+b. To turn aside from the subject, in speaking 
or writing; to di Obs. 

3544 Puaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) N vb, Here I have de- 
clined by occasion, but now to our intent. 1600 HoLtanp 
Livy 1x. ie = a, I have nothing lesse sought..than to 
digresse and aad [declinarem] more than was needfull, 
from the order and course of mine historie. 

+e. Of things: To diverge, deviate (in character, 
excellence, etc.) from. Obs. 

1615 G. SANpys /rav. 12 There is a Bannia, which little 
declines from the state of a Temple. 1632 J. Haywanrop tr. 
Biondi's Eromena 174 Nor doth thy last alleaged excuse .. 
decline any whit from thy other reasons. 

+ 4. fig. To incline or lean Zo. Obs. 

1 . Copcann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., It is set in the 
myddes of the brest, nat declynynge to one parte more than 
toanother. 1580 Frampton Monardes’ Med. agst. Venome 
127 The Bezaar stone is..full of spottes, declining to the 
colour of a sad blewe. — Dial. Yron 151b, Yron..doth 
more decline to be hot than colde. 1§90 Suaxs. Com. Err. 
ul, ii, 44 Your weeping sister is no wife of mine..Farre 


| almost. 
| day ancient grows. 


‘ 102 
more, farre more, to you doe I decline. @ 1636 HoLLanp 
(Webster), That purple luster..declineth in the end to the 
color of wine. 1671 tr. Palafox’s Cong. China xi. 230 It 
was guctdy perceived to which side the victory declined, 
{ Not to consent or agree (to do something); to 
refuse. See sense 13. 
** To slope, incline, or bend downward. 
5. To deviate from the horizontal or vertical 
position ; to have a downward inclination, to slant 


or slope downward. 

1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 298 On south and este se that 
it [the land] faire enclyne.. But from the colde Septemptrion 
declyne. 1 Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1658) 159 Some 

lain place..declining by the s of some four or five 
Eurlem s. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 77av. (1677) 152 The ground 
on each side declining gently. 172§ De For Voy. round 
World (1840) 258 The way..having first mounted gently 
a pleasant slope declined again. 1843 Prescotr Mexico 
(1850) I. 5 Table land which .. gradually declines in the 
higher latitudes of the north. 

6. To bend down, bow down, droop. 

a 1400-50 A le.rander 2289 (Dubl. MS.) ‘ My louely Lord’, 
quod be lede, and law he declynes. 1598 Row.anps Betray- 
ing of Christ 4 Asa fruitfull tree the more it is fruitladen, 
the more it declineth. a@1612 Donne Biathan. (2644) 1 
Our heads decline after our death by the slackness o} she 
sinews and muscles. 1632 Litucow 7rav. u. 49 The weari- 
some creatures of the world declining to their rest. 1749 
Fiecpinc Tom Yones vi. viii, His eyes were eagerly fixed 
on Sophia, and hers declining towards the ground. 1891 
T. Harpy 7Zess I. 10 Declining from his sitting position .. 
(he] stretched himself. .among the daisies. 

+7. To come down, fall, descend, sink. Ods. 

a 1400-50 Alexander 2714 (Ashm. MS.) He pat enhansis 
him to he3e, pe heldire he des) nes. 1602 SHAks. Ham, u. 
ii. 500 His Sword Which was declining on the Milkie head 
Of Reuerend Priam, seem’d i’ the air to stick. 

+b. To descend in lineage. Ods. rare. 

1598 Yonc Diana 98 On th’ one side Dukes most excellent 
decline, And from the other scepter, throne, and crowne. 

8. Of the sun or other heavenly body : To descend 
in the sky after culmination ; to sink towards setting. 
c1430 Lypc. Compl. Bl. Kut. xcii, Er that thy bemes go 
up to declyne, And er that thou now go fro us adoune. 1513 
Dovucias Aénets x. xiv. 194 Be this the son declynyt was 
1607 Row.anns Fam, Hist, 22 The Sun declines, 
1812 WoopHousE A stron. xxx. 299 As 
the Moon, having passed the meridian, declines. 1837 
Disraeit Venetia 1. ii, The sun was beginning to decline. 

b. transf. Said of the day (evening, etc.), also 
fig. of one’s life: To draw towards its close. 

(Often with mixture of sense Io.) 

1697 [see Dectininc ffl. a. 3). 1704 F. Futter Med. 
Gymn. (1711) 108 When People decline in Years, there are 
some extraordinary Means requisite. 1724 De For Mem. 
Cavalier (1840) 146 The day declined. 1770 LANGHORNE 
Plutarch (1879) 1.152/1 The summer was now declining. 1871 
R.Extts Catudlus xi. 94 The day declines. Forth, fair bride. 

9. fig. To fall morally or in dignity, to sink (to 
evil courses, etc., or to an unworthy object). 

(Now only Z/erary, and after Shaks.) 

[c 1440 Gesta Rom. \xiv. 279 (Add. MS.) But that in no wise 
from hens forward he declyn to synne agayn. 1579 FuLKE 
Heskins’ Parl. 485 Many of the elect do decline to vices.) 
1602 Suaks. //amt. 1. v. 50 Oh Hamlet, what a falling off 
was there, From.me, whose loue was of that dignity .. and 
to decline Vpon a wretch, whose Naturall gifts were poore 
To those of mine. 1667 Mitton P. L. xu. 97 Yet somtimes 
Nations will decline so low From vertue. 1691 E. Taytor 
Behmen's Theos. Philos. xx. 30 The direful shameful state 
Adam declined into. 1708 Swirt Sent. Church of Eng. Man, 
He declines . . from his office of presiding over the whole, to 
be the head of a party. 1842 ‘Tennyson Locksley Hall 43 
Having known me—to decline On a range of lower feelings 
and a narrower heart than mine ! 

10. fig. To fall off or fail in’ force, vigour, or 
vitality ; to decay, wane, diminish, decrease; to fall 
from prosperity or excellence, to deteriorate. 

1530 Parser. oes Whan thynges be at the hyghest, than 
they begyn to declyne. 1577 tr. Bullinger Decades 
the 


DECLINE. 


Pseudo Martyr 185 The immensnesse .. auerts me from 
beleeuing it to bee just, so doeth this also decline me that 
they will not bee brought to tell vs, etc. 1617 Beaum. & Fi. 
Vadent. 1. i, Nor any way decline you to discredit. 1633 Br. 
Hawt Hard Texts 175 When I w doe good I am in the 
meane while declined to evill. ¢ 1634 Strarrorp in Brown- 
ing Life (1890) 129 This alliance shall not decline me from 
those more eens duties I owe my master. 1658 Stincssy 
Diary (1836) 207 Sundry disputes with sinewy Arguments 
to decline my opinion. 

+c. In physical sense: To cause to deviate, de- 
flect (from a straight course, etc.). Ods. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. ii. 59 Contrary poles or 
faces attract each other, as the North the South, and the like 
decline each other, as the North the North. 1692 BenTLey 
Boyle Lect, ii. 71 A yf jg that may decline it a little from 
a straight Line. did. 137 How can he conceive, that any 
parcel of dead matter can spontaneously divert and decline 
it self from the line of its motion. 

+d. vefl. To withdraw oneself, turn away. Ods. 

@ 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 49 Rawleigh. .under- 
took a new peregrination, to leave. .the Court..and, by de- 
clining yen and by absence, to expell his, and the 


passion of his enemies. 

+12. To turn aside from ; to get or keep out of 
the way of ; to avoid, shun. Ods. (or m in 13.) 

tek ensell we declyne. 4508 Pules Per? (W. de W, 1231) 
mekill emell we declyne. 1; ilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531)9 
What company to vse, & whome to declyne and eschewe. 
1607 Torse.t, Four-f. Beasts (1658) 452 aio they meet 
them in some path way where the man cannot decline the 
Beast, nor the Beast the Man. 1656 Trapp Comm. Matt. 
vii. 13 Certain dangerous rocks..carefully to be declined. 
1705 Pursnaut Mech. Macrocosm 145 In Autumn, when the 
Sun declines us, and its Tendency is towards the Southern 
Hemisphere. a1711 Ken Prefaratives Poet. Wks. 1721 
IV. 49 Guilty sinners, self-condemn'd, iring to decline 
their Fate. 1761 New Companion Fest. & Fasts xx. § 2. 177 
When the fire of persecution breaks out among us, we have 
our Lord’s permission by all prudent and honourable 
methods to decline it. 

13. To turn away from — suggested or 
presenting itself) as from a thing which one is un- 
willing to take up, undertake, or engage in; to 
withhold oneself from; not to consent to engage 
in, practise, or do. Now only with nouns of action : 
to decline a discussion, contest, challenge, etc. : cf.c. 

1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 58 That St Arthur 
Savage should humbly acknowledge that he had committed 
a great offence. .S* Arthur declyned this acknowledgement. 
1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 6, I have no Genius to 
disputes in Religion, and have often thought it wisedome to 
decline them. 1672 Petty Pol. or 320 Declining all 
military means of settling and securing Ireland in peace and 
plenty. ¢1750 JoHNnson, Melissa .. gained the victory b 
declining the contest. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison D 
xxviii. 206 What must the man have been that had declined 
his aid in a distress soalarming. 1786 Burke W. Hastings 
Wks. 1842 II. 187 Bristow, declining the violent attempt on 
the life of Almas Ali, deceitfully ordered by the said Warren 
Hastings. 1793 — Conduct of Minority ibid. 1. 617 To 
throw an odium upon those who were obliged to decline the 
cause of justice from their impossibility of supporting a 
cause which they approve. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. 
(ed. 3) I. 11 The fisherman. .at one moment was on the point 
of setting out for Brighton immediately, and the next de- 
clined it till the morning. 1824 T. Jerrerson Wit. (1830) 
IV. 407, I decline all newspaper controversy. 1848 Macau- 
Lay Hist. ying. xiv, They far more readily forgive a com- 
mander who loses a battle than a der who decli: 
one. 

b. Not to consent or agree to doing, or to do 
(something suggested, asked, etc.) ; hence, practic- 
ally=RerusE: but without the notion of active 
repulse or rejection conveyed by the latter word, 
and therefore a milder and more courteous expres- 


sion. (Constr. vd/. sb., inf.; also absol. or intr.) 
@ 1691 Boye (J.), That would not be to render a reason of 

the thi , but, in effect, to decline rendering any. 

1696 tr. Du Mont’s Voy. Levant 288, I cannot reasonably 


(3592) 515 After the subuersion of Hier 
mpire began to decline. 1 Morey J/ntrod. Mus. 
182 Your health, which I feare is already declining. 1 
Suaks. Cor. 1. i. 197 Who's like to rise, Who thriues, an 
who declines. 1687 WALLER (J.), That empire must decline, 
Whose chief support and sinews are of coin. 1697 DrypEN 
Virg. Geogg. u. 435 When A 1 Warmth decli 
onl Younc Love Fame v. 517 She grants, indeed, a lad 
may decline (All ladies but herself) at ninety-nine. 181 
Jas. Mitt Brit. India I. v. viii. 675 The net territorial 
revenues .. instead of increasing, actually declined. 
1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxvi, Eva after this 
declined rapidly : there was no more any doubt of the event. 
1888 M. Rosertson Lombard St. Myst. iv, Mr. Alldis had 
daclinad ¢ oe) bly in hi . . 


his jon. 


II. Transitive senses. 
* 70 cause to turn aside, to avert; to turn aside 
Srom, avoid, refuse. 
+11. To turn aside (/i¢. and fig.): a. To avert. 
¢1430 Lync. Bochas v1. iv. (1554 151a, For remedies.. 
Was prouided theyr malice to declyne. 1606 HoLLanp 
Sueton. Annot. 25 Counterfeiting a woman, thereby to 
decline suspicion. 1638 Cowrey Love's Riddle v, Thanks 
to the juster Deities for declining From both the Dai A 
and from me the Sin. @1661 Futter Worthies (3840) LIT. 
22 Here Johnson lies: could physic fence Death's dart, 
Sore death had been declined by his art. 1750 Jonnson 
Rambler No. 31 ? 5 Subterfuges and evasions are sought to 
decline the pressure of resistless arguments. 
+b. To turn (a person) aside from or ¢o a course 
of conduct, from duty, etc. ; to divert. Ods. 
a 1555 Latimer Serm. §& Rem. (1845) 230 Of them which 
decline their ear from hearing the law of God, 1610 Donne 


tread in their footsteps. 1865 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. VI. 
ro xv. 314, I declined satisfying his curiosity. 


. 12 Jan, 3/2 The Op .. 
their . Mod. He was invited, but declined. 
we accept or decline? 


ce. Not to accept (something offered) ; implying 
polite or courteous refusal. 
cxgx2a Appison (J.), She generously declined them [the 
lories of this world], because she saw the acceptance of 
ion was inconsistent with religion. 1771 SMottetr Hump 
CZ. (L.), The squire said they could not decently decline] 


visit. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch, Strike vii. 84 
aware of this, Allen would have declined the gift. 


Turriwate Greece IV. xxxiii. 312 Arius declined the offer 
of the Greeks. 1884 G. Aten PAilistia 11. 18 Writing maga- 
zine articles..which were invariably declined with t 

+14. Sc. Law. To refuse, disown, or formally 
object to the jurisdiction of (a judge or court). Cf. 
DeEcLINATOR *, DECLINATURE I. ? Ods. 


¢ Henryson Tale of Dog 49 Thairfoir as juge suspect, 
I yor dectyas. 1638 S) Relat. State ‘Kirk Scot. aI 
The Supplicants declined the Bishops from their 


ludges, as now their parties. @1715 Burnet Own 
Time (ba ) I. 193 He —_ not arpear bo ow he 
ing is i 0, he said, were not judges 
of matters of doctrine. 1754. ERSKINE "Princ. Se. Law 
(1809) 18 A judge may be declined, i.e. his 
owned judicially, 1. ratione causa, from a geet 
to the special cause brought before him. 186x W. Bett. 
Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Declinature, A judge who is a partner 
in a trading company may be declined in a question where 
the interest of that company is 


i eet ee ete 


DECLINED. 


+15. To abandon, forsake, give up (a practice). 

1672 Petty Pol. Anat, 368 As for the interest of these 
poorer Irish, it is manifestly to be transmuted into English. . 
so as to decline their language hg idea Addr, Prot. U1. 

4 The Christians had declin’d the Simplicity of their own 
Religion and grew Curious and Wanton. 1699 BenTLEy 
Pha. 317 Herodotus, Dionysius Halic. etc. had great reason 
to deciians the use of their vernacular Tongue, as improper 
for History. 1749 Frecpinc Tom og xiv. viii, Having 
acquired a very good fortune, he had lately declined his 
business. 

** 7 cause to bend down, descend, or slope. 

16. To bend down, bow down, lean. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 5322 And hitterly on ilk side his 
heued he declines. a@ 1547 SurREY Aeneid 1v. 239 Ne doth 
decline to the swete sleepe her eyes. 1583 Stusses Avat. 
Abus. 1. (1879) 55 As they can verie hardly eyther stoupe 
downe, or decline them selues to the grounde. 1697 Potrer 
Antig. Greece W. V. (1715) 202 Another Token of Dejection 
was, to decline their Heads upon their Hands. 1814 SoutHry 
Roderick xvii, He sate with folded arms and head declined 
Upon his breast. 1856 Bryant Poems, Summer Wind 11 

e clover droops..and declines its blooms. 
+b. To move or direct obliquely downwards. 
1g.. SPENSER (J.), And now fair Phoebus ’gan decline in 
haste, His weary waggon to the western vale. 1725 Pope 
Odyss. 1v. 145 His good old Sire with sorrow to the tomb 
Declines his trembling steps. A 

+17. To lower, bring down, depress, bring low, 
degrade, debase. Zit. and fig. Obs. 

a 1400-50 Ale.vander 2334, 1 bar pompe and paire pride 
to poudire declined. 1599 Daniet Let, Octavia Wks. 1717 
I. 72 For I could never think the aspiring Mind Of worthy 
and victorious Anthony, Could be by such a Syren so 
declin’d. 1621 Fretcuer /s/. Princess 1. i, A dull labour 
that declines a gentleman. _@ 1649 Drumm. or Hawrtu. 
Hist. Jas. I, Wks. (1711) 15 To decline the rank growth of 
these usurpers. 1659 D. Pett Jr. Sea 131 The more they 
run Northward, the more they .. raise the Septentrional 
Pole, and decline the Austral. ¢1790 Imison Sch. Art 1. 236 
‘To elevate or decline the glass according to the sun’s altitude. 

8. To cause to slant or slope, incline downwards. 

1578 Banister Hist, Man. 30 Those partes beyng also 
flat..but somewhat inward declined et all; xz6ra: J.) J; 
Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 149 Built ona plain pretty much 
declined towards the street. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lavzps iv. 
§ 23. 113 The uprightness of the form declined against the 
marble ledge. 

+19. To undervalue, disparage, depreciate. Ods. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1. ix, She can not declyne The 
noble science, whiche, after poverte, Maye bryng a man 
agayne to dignitie. 1626 Suirtey Brothers 1. i, Unless you 
disaffect His person, or decline his education. 1649 Sir E. 
Nicuoras in V. Papers (Camden) I. 143 Whatis here said is 
not with intencion to undervallue or decline y® Presbiterians. 

*** To inflect grammatically, 

20. Gram. To inflect (a noun, adjective, or pro- 
noun) through its different cases ; to go through or 
recite in order the cases of. (Cf, DECLENSION 4.) 

Also used more widely, or loosely, of verbs (for which the 
proper word is ConyuGaTE). 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 327 (Matz.) 3if pou canst 
declyne pilke tweye names and speke Latyn. 1398 — Barth. 
De '» xv. xc. (1495) 839 Rinoceron is declined, hic 
Rinoceron, huius Rinocerontis. 1 Patser. 65 Of whiche 
{1x partes of speche] v be declined, that is to say varie their 
last letters : article, nowne, pronowne, verbe and participle. 
1612 BrinsLey Lud. Lit. vi. (1627) 56 Of these eight parts, 
the foure first onely are such as may be declined. 1654 
Trapp Comm. Ps. xvi. 4 It was the Serpents grammar that 
first taught man to decline God in the plurall number. a 1843 
Soutuey Doctor (1862) 40 That verb is eternally being de- 
clined, 1871 Rosy Lat, Gram. 1. § 339 The substantive 
stems in -a (chiefly feminine), and the fe ine form of those 
adjectives which have stems in -o, are declined alike. 

+b. ¢ransf. To say or recite formally or in de- 
finite order. Ods. 

1594 Suaxs. Rich. IIT, 1. iv. 97 Decline all this, and see 
what now thou art. 1606 — 77. § Cr. u. iii. 55 Ile declin 
the whole question. 1627 Drayton 4. aged 2o1 That you 
no harsh, nor shallow rimes decline, Vpon that day wherein 
you shall read mine. 

Declined (dékloind, foe?. déklei‘néd), ppl. a. 
[f. Decuine v, + -ED1.] Turned aside, deflected ; 
sloped, oblique ; brought low, debased, decayed ; 
advanced towards its close: see the verb. 

1591 Declar. Gt. Troubles in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I1. 210 
Now in his declined yeeres, 1593 SHaxs. Lucr. 1705 My 
low declined Honor to aduance. 1667 Hate Prim. Orig. 
Man. 1. i. 10 Their declined Motions. 1792 Mrs. C. Smiru 
Dd. @ 1, 129 Ecclesiastics..whose declined authority.. 
you regret. 1798 Wasuincton Le?, Writ. (1893) XIV. 38 
My earnest wish, that the choice had fallen on a man less 
declined in years. 

Hence Decli‘nedness. 

1648 Br. Hatt Select Thoughts § 68 The common fault of 
age, loquacity, is a plain evidence of the world’s declined- 
ness. 

+Declinement. Obs. rare. 

+-MENT.] = DECLINATURE. 

1680 Privy Council Proc. Edin. in Cloud of Witnesses 
(1810) 30 The causes of his declinement are, because they 
have usurped the supremacy over the church..and have 
established idolatry, perjury, and other iniquities. 

Decliner (d‘kloinoz). [-zn1.] One who or 
that which declines. 

+1. One who turns aside, deviates, or falls away 
(from his duty or allegiance, or from an approved 
standard of conduct or belief). Ods. 

16or Dent Pathw. Heaven 259 Backsliders, Decliners, 
and cold Christians. 165: Baxter //f. Baft. 193 Censured 
as decliners or erroneous. 1684 Renwick Serm. iv. (1776) 44 
All that join with decliners in an ill time, 


[f. Drctine z. 


* 103 


2. One who refuses or waives; in Sc. Law, one 
who declines the jurisdiction of a judge or court. 

1639 R. Baur Lett. I. 161, A chief declyner of the As- 
semblie. 1641 Evetyn Diary (1871) 20 My Father .. (who 
was one of the greatest decliners of it). 1748 RicHaRDsoN 
Clarissa (1811) ILI. liv. 301 Do not..be so very melancholy 
a decliner as to prefer a shroud, when the matter you wish 
for is in your power. ; : 

8. Dialling. A plane which (or a dial whose 
plane) ‘declines’ or deviates from the meridian or 
prime vertical, and therefore does not pass through 
any of the four cardinal points. 

[1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vil. xvi. 25 For these East 
Recliners be in very deed South Decliners to those that live 
go deg. from us Northward or Southward,] 1684 /é7d. (ed. 3) 
vu. vi. 118 Direct Dials have their Poles in the Meridian or 
prime Vertical, Decliners have their Poles in some other 
Azimuth. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 311 Of Decliners 
there are infinite; and yet may be reduced into..1, The 
South Erect Plane, declining more or less towards the East 
or West. 2. The North Erect Plane, declining more or 
less towards the East or West. 

Declining (d¢klainin), vdZ. sd. [-1NG1.] The 
action of the verb DEcLINE, q.v. (Formerly fre- 
quent as a sb.; now usually gerundial. ) 

1. Turning aside, falling away; =DECLENSION 2. 

1526 Pilger. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 34 b, Our general labour 
must stande in.. declynynge from euyll, and in dylygent 
workynge of good. 1574 W. TRavers (¢ztZe), Full and plaine 
Declaration of Ecclesiasticall Discipline and off the De- 
clininge off the Churche off Englande, 1646 P. ButkeLry 
Gospel Covt. wv. 347 In times of general declining, 1650 
R. Hottrncwortu Exerc. Usurfed Powers 39 Partiall and 
temporary declinings in men from their said integritie. 

2. Avoidance (oés.) ; non-acceptance ; refusal. 

1607 TorseLt Four-/. Beasts (1673) 111 If any fall or sit 
down on the ground and cast away his weapon, they bite 
him not; taking that declining for submissive pacification. 
1636 Massincer Bashf Lover v.i, There is now No con- 
tradiction or declining left: I must and will goon. 1786 
Map. D’Arstay Diary 7 Aug., To save myself from more 
open and awkward declinings. 

8. Gradual sinking or descent ; downward slope 


or declivity. 

1601 Cornwattyes Disc. Seneca (1631) 7 Being once brought 
to that declining, they never leave rolling untill they come 
to the bottome of unhappinesse. 1602 Carew Cornwall 
145 b, Upon the declyning of a hill the house is seated. 
1612 Brerewooo Lang. § Relig. xiii. 139 Pliny, in the de- 
rivation of water, requireth one cubit of declining in 240 
foot of proceeding. a@ 1703 Pomrrer Poet, Whs. (1833) 9 
A short and dubious bliss On the declining of a precipice. 

4. Of the sun, etc.: Descent towards setting ; 
hence of the day, one’s life, etc.: Drawing to its 
close; = DECLINE sé. 2. 

1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech, I viij, Ye hicht and de- 
clyning of ye sone. a@ 1610 Heatey Theophrastus xxvii. 
(1636) 92 The going downe of our strength, and the declin- 
ing of our age. a@ 1662 Heyiin Land 1. 64 In the declining 
of the year 1616. 

5. Falling off, decay, decreasing, waning, etc. ; 
=DEcUINE sd. 1. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. i, 131 Yf the sonne and therthe were 
of one lyke gretenesse, this shadowe shold haue none ende, 
but shold be all egal without declynyng. 1581 Mu.caster 
Positions xxxvii. (1887) 159 All that .. write of the declining 
and ruine of the Romain Empire. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. 
xix. (1748) 333 Rest content, nor our declining rue. 1645 
Mitton Zetrach, (1851) 201 The next declining is, when law 
becomes now too straight for the secular manners, and those 
too loose for the cincture of law. 

6. Gram. =DECLENSION 4; formerly in wider 
sense: Inflexion, including conjugation. 

1565-78 Coorer Thesaurus Introd., Nownes and verbes 
maye be knowne by their declining. 1599 Minsueu Span. 
Gram. 35 The verbes Irregular (in which is found hardnes 
and difficultie to the learner for their declining). 1612 
Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 108 There are certain Adjectives 
which have two manner of endings and declinings. . both in 
us and is. 1740 J. Crarke Educ. Youth (ed. 3) 82 The 
Article is of no Manner of Use for the Declining of Nouns. 


Declining, 2//. a. [-1na?.] That declines: 
see the verb. 
1. Having a downward inclination, sloping down- 


wards; oblique. 

1 Even 7reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 14 It standeth in 
a p e somewhat declyning. 1571 Diccres Panfom. mt. 
¢. , This perpendicular .. in directe solides falleth within 
the body, and vppon the base, but in declyning solides, 
it falleth without the bodies and bases. 1655-60 STANLEY 
Hist. Philos. (1701) 9/2 The height of the great Pyramid 
..is by its perpendicular. .499 Feet, by its declining ascent, 
693 Feet. 1792 Copper-plate Mag. No. 1 The mansion. .is 
approached fe a circular sweep through a declining lawn. 
1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav. (1812) I. 61 The Volga, which flows 
..through a gradually-declining valley. 

b. Dialling. Deviating from the prime vertical 
or meridian : see DECLINATION 9. 

1593 Fave Dialling 4 All such plats as behold ‘eet some 
a part of the world directly, are called lining. 

he quantity of their declination is found out thus. 
1640 Witkins New Planet ii. (1707) 165 In all declining 
Dials, the Elevation of whose Pole is less than the Sun’s 
greatest Declination. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's a vi. 
xvi. 25 All Declining Planes lie in some Azimuth, and cross 
one another in the Zenith and Nadir. 1703 Moxon Mech. 
Exerc. 311. 

2. Bending or bowing down; drooping. 

1g96 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 119 With..tempting kisses, 
And with declining head. 1776 WitHERING Brit. Plants 
(2796) III. 605 Pedicles declining, Flower-scales cloven. 
1816 Byron Siege Cor, xix, Declining was his attitude. 


DECLIVITY. 


3. Of the sun: Sinking towards setting ; trans/. 
of the day: Drawing to its close. 

¢ 1620 T. Rosinson JZ, Magd. 375 The Sun peep’d in 
with his declininge raye. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. Iv. 
273 Nor end their Work, but with declining Day. 1833 
Hr. Martineau Vanderput & S. ix. 133 The beams of the 
declining sun glistering on the heaving surface. 1834 S. 
Rocers Poems 126 ‘Till declining day, Thro’ the green 
trellis shoots a crimson ray. 

4. Falling off from vigour, excellence, or pros- 
perity ; becoming weaker or worse ; failing, waning, 
decaying (in health, fortunes, etc.) ; in a decline. 

1593 SuHaks. Rich. //, 1. i. 240 In this declining Land. 
1603 Knottes Hist. Turks Introd., The long and still de- 
clining state of the Christian Commonweale. 1745 De Foe’s 
English Tradesman (1841) I. vii. 53, 1 speak it to every 
declining tradesman, 1776 Gispon Decl. & F. 1. 401 The 
declining health of the emperor Constantius. 1876 J. H. 
Newman Hist, Sk. 1. 1. iii, 121 This desolation is no acci- 
dent of a declining empire. 

b. Of a person’s age, life, years, etc. 


of senses 3 and 4.) 

1615 Latuam /alconry (1633) 31 Towards their declining 
age. 1697 DryDEN Afneid 1x. 638 Thus looks the prop of my 
declining years! 1780 JOHNSON Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 18 Apr., 
Declining life is a very awful scene. 1875 Jowrtr Plato 
(ed. 2) V. 7 Such a sadness was the natural effect of declining 
years and failing powers. 

5. That declines (jurisdiction); that refuses to 
accept, etc. 

1639 Baur Lett. & Frnls. 1. 155 A present excommuni- 
cating of all the declyning Bishops. 

Declinist. nonce-wd. [f. DECLINE sd. + -18T.] 
(See quot.) 

1831 WHEWELL in Todhunter Acc. Whewell’s Writ, (1876) 
II. 122 [Dr. Brewster] has now chosen to fancy that we are 
all banded together to oppose his favourite doctrine of the 
decline of science; though the only professor who has 
written at all on the subject is Babbage, the leader of the 
Declinists. : 

Declinograph (d/kloi-nograf).  [irreg. f. L. 
déclinare (as etymon of declination) +-GRAPH, Gr. 
-ypapos writing.] An astronomical instrument or 
arrangement for automatically recording the de- 
clination of stars with a filar micrometer. 

1883 D. Gite in Excycl. Brit. XVI. 256 It is found with 
this declinograph on the Berlin equatorial, that the observed 
declinations have only a probable error of +09". 

Declinometer (dekling‘m/to1). A/agn. [irreg. 
f. as prec. + -METER, Gr. pérpov measure. } 

1. Afagn. An instrument for measuring the varia- 
tion of the magnetic needle. 

1858 in Simmonns Dict. Trade. 1870 R. M. Fercuson 
Electr. 1g Instruments for determining magnetic declination 
are called declination needles or declinometers. 1881 Max- 
weit Electr. & Magn. 11. 112 The declinometer gives the 
declination at every instant. 

2. Astr. An instrument for observing and regis- 
tering declination. 

1883 D. Git in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 255 Bond’s mica 
declinometer. i 

[Declinous, Declivant: see List of Spurtous 
Words.) 

Decli‘vate, @._ [irreg. f. L. décliv-ts: see DE- 
CLIVE.] ‘ Descending ; declining ; inclining down- 
ward’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1881). 

+ Declive (dikloiv), a. Ods. [a. F. déclive 
(Paré 16th c. in Surg. sense), ad. L. déclivi's 
sloping downward, f. Dr- I, 1 + c/iv-us slope, 
hill.J 

Sloping downwards. 

1635 Swan Sfec. M. vi. § 2 (1643) 188 The waters coming 
down from the Caspian hills settling themselves in those 
declive and bottomie places where the said Sea is. 1644 
Dicsy Nat. Bodies xx. (1658) 228 An easier and more declive 
bed. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 284 Declive currents 
out of brooks. 

+ Declived, a. Obs. 
or ?error for declined.] 

1575 Banister Chyrurg. 1. (1585) 373 Open the skull in 
the most bending or declived place. 

Declivitous (drkli-vitas), 2. [f. L. type *dé- 
clivitos-us, f. déclivitas : see DECLIVITY and -OUS: 
cf. Acctivirous.] Having a (considerable) de- 
clivity or slope; steep. 

1799 R. Warner Walk (1800) 94 The approach to Culbone 
church is by a small foot-path, narrow, rugged, and .. de- 
clivitous. 31802 Bray ¥7v/. in Mrs. Bray Desc. Devon 
(1835) I. 237 The declivitous sides of this tor. 1882 Proc. 
Berw. Nat. Club 1X. 454 In descending the next declivitous 
hill. 

Declivity (dzkliviti). [ad. L. déclivitat-em, 
f. dacliv-is ; see DECLIVE and -1Ty. Cf. F. déclivité 
(Dict. Acad. 1762).] : 

1. Downward slope or inclination (of a hill, etc.). 

1612 Brerewoon Lang. § Relig. xiv. 147 It is the property 
of water ever to fall that way, where it findeth declivity. 
1666 Phil. Trans. 1. 361 With what declivity the Water 
runs out of the Euxine Sea into the Propontis. 18:8 Byron 
Ch. Har. w. \xvii, Upon a mild declivity of hill. 1860 
Hawruorne F”. §& Jt. Frnis. 11. 301 The declivity of most 
of the streets keeps them remarkably clean. 

2. concr. A downward abe 

1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth vi. (1723) 280 They 
will not flow unless upon a Declivity. 1794 Mrs. RApcLirFe 
Myst. Udolpho i, A grove which st on the brow of a 
entle declivity. 1860 TynDALt Glac. 1. viii. 58, I could see 
the stones. .jumping down the declivities, ; 


(Mixture 


[f. L. declivs (see prec.) 


DECLIVOUS,. 


Declivous (d/kloi-ves), a. [f. L. décliv-us, 
rare var. of décliv-is (see Dxciive) + -ous: cf. 
Acciivous.] Having a downward inclination ; 

sloping, slan (Now zare exc. as in b.) 

- 684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 141 Pus ., may this way 
better run out, because of the more declivous site of the open- 
ing. a@1722 Liste Husb. (1752) 173 On a ground declivous 
fromthe sun. 1786 Gitet Pict, Beauty Cumbrid. (1808) 1, 
xiv. 211 We left the Derwent in its declivous course between 
two mountains. 1853G. Jonnston Nat. Hist. Z. Bord. 1. 
251 This hurries along as the gap deepens, and becomes, at 
every step, more declivous. 
b. sfec. in Zool. Sloping downwards. 

1847 JounsTon in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club U1. 228 Rostrum 
long, tapered, porrect, declivous. 1877 Cours Fur Anim. 
iv. 99 rontal profile. .strongly declivous. 

+ Decli'vy, 2. Obs. rare. [f. L. déclivi-s: cf. 
— Sloping downwards. 

1609 Heywoop Brit. Troy vu. xii. 143 There is a steépe 
declivy way lookes downe. 

+ Declo'se, v. Ols. rare. [See Dz- 1.6] = 
DISCLOSE. 

14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 115 It maye not be 
perceyued pat she holdith be sacramente in hir moupe .. or 
swolowes or declosep hit in her moube. 

+ Decorct, 53. Obs. rare—'.  [ad. L. décoct-um 
sb., prop. neuter of pa. pple. décoct-us: see next.] 
A decoction. 

155% Turner Herbal 1. (1568) Oija, To e the decoct or 
broth of it wyth wyne vnto nurses, when they want mylke. 

+ Decoct, p/.a. Obs. [ad. L. décoct-us, pa. 
pple. of décogu-cre to boil down or away. In 
earlier use, both as pple. and adj., than Dxcoct v., 
after the introduction of which this continued for 
some time as its pa. pple., till gradually superseded 
| the regular decocted.] 

. Decocted; subjected to heat; digested, etc. : 
see the verb. 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 650 Puls decoct and colde. 
I Fisner Penit. Ps. Wks. (1876) 177 The hete of thy 
charyte whereby we may be decocte and made harde as 


stones. 1533 Etyot Cast. Helth (1541) 9a, Matter decocte | 


or boyled in the stomacke. 1545 RaynoLp Byrth Mankynide 
i. vi. (1634) 122 Wine in which is decoct Motherwort. 1671 


Satmon Syn. Med. ui. xxii. 434 The root decoct in water | 


purgeth Flegm and Choller. 

2. Bankrupt. (L. décoguére to run through one’s 
estate, become bankrupt. | 

1829 Wotsey 70 Ambassadors at Rome (MS. Cott. Vit. 
B. xi. f. 83), The banker of Venice, to whom ye wer assigned 
by Anthony Viualde for viij™ ducates is decoct. 

Decoct (dékp*kt), v.  [f. Decocr ff/. a. or L. 
décoct-, ppl. stem of décogu-cre to boil down or 
away, f. De- I. 3 b + cogudre to boil, cook.] 

+1. To boil down or away; to concentrate by 
boiling. Ods. 

1538 Levanp /#in. IV. 111 The Wychmen use the Com- 
modity of their Sault Springes in drawinge and decocting 
the Water of them onely by 6 Monthes in the Yeare. 1548 
Vicary Englishm. Treas. (1626) 177 Let all these be decocted 
to the forme of a ee He 1620 VENNER Via Recta (1650) 
141 This being the third time diluted and decocted. 

Fig. ax66x FuLLER Worthies (1840) I. ii, 7 A Proverb is 
much matter decocted into few words. 

+ 2. fig. To diminish, consume, waste. Ods. [So 
L. déco ucre.) 

1629 Carpenter Achitophel m1. 54 To haue decocted 
his fortunes and an ancient family. 1654 H. L'’Estrance 
Chas. I (1655) 130 Had he wasted and decocted_ his 
Treasure in luxury and riot. @1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 
1716 I. 123 When the predominant vanities of the age are 
somewhat decocted. 

+38. To prepare as food by the agency of fire ; 
to boil, cook. Ods. 

cx420 [see Decocr ffl. a.]. 1547 Boorne Brev. Health 
cccxxxv. 108 b, As the fyre doth decocte the meates and the 
broth in the pot, so doth the liuer vnder the stomake decoct 
the meat in mannes body. 1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp. 
66 Flesh is decocted at the fire on a spit. 

+b. transf. To warm up, as in cooking. Ods. 

1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, m1. v. 20 Can sodden Water. . Decoct 
their cold blood to such valiant heat ? 

+4. To digest in the stomach. (Regarded as a 
kind of cooking; cf. Concoct v. 4.) Also fig. 

1533 {see Decocr Af/. a.]. 1542 Boorpe Dyetary ix. (1870) 
250 A surfyt is whan. .the lyuer, whiche is the fyre vnder the 
potte..can not naturally nor truely decocte, defye, ne 
dygest, the superabundaunce of meate & drynke the whiche 
is in the potte or stomacke. 1547 [see prec.]. 1592 Davies 
Immort. Soul xi. ii. (1714) 64 There she decocts, and doth 
the Food prepare. 1608 S. Hieron 2nd Pt. Def. Ministers’ 
Reas. Refus. Subscription 121 More gredily disposed to 
devoure and swallowe..then to decocte and reteine. 

+5. To prepare or mature (metals or mineral 
ores) by heat. (Pertaining to old notions of 
natural science: cf. Concocr v, 2.) Obs. 

1505 [see Decocr ffl. a.]. 1610 GUILLIM Heraldry 11. 
vi. (1660) 126 Metals are bodies capers Ee and are 
decocted in the veins of the Earth. 1653 H. Cocan Diod. 
Sic. 231 The iron which is made of these stones decocted in 
furnaces, hay Axton into pieces. 

+6. fs 0 prepare, devise, Concoor. Obs. rare. 

1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1. iii, What villanie are 
they decocting now? 1613 T. Mittes Treas. Aunc. § Mod. 

Times 718/ A word to win — must be quickly de- 
cocted, woorking upon some sudden and unexpected thing. 

7. To boil so as to extract the soluble parts or 
principles ; to prepare a decoction of. 


Compl. Disp. 112 This Plant affords a ve’ 


| tion in the second digestion. 


| 1. ix. 36 The stomack hath a decoction to digest the meats | course of growth, the animal ceases to occupy the apex, and 


104 ° 


1545 [see Decocr ffi. a.]. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's 
B wysicke 79/% te a vivificente Eele, in a pot of 
water, skimme therof the axungietye of the Eele, reserve 
the same, & let it stand a certayn time. 1664 Evetyn 
Sylva (1679) 29 Young red Oaken leaves decocted in wine, 
make an excellent gargle for a sore mouth. 1743 Lond. & 
Country Brew. at. (ed. 8) t0r The common Way of infusing 
and decocting Herbs a od Time, is injurious to Health. 

Hence Decorcted ff/. a. 

@ 1593 MartoweE /gnoto, To do thee good, I'll freely Ha 
any Weiesdosoomed lood (cf, Concoction 1 b]. 1616 R. C. 
Times’ Whistle vi. 2770 Fine gellies of decocted sparrowes 
bones. 1725 BrapLey Mam. Dict.s.v.Sailet, Some few tops 
of the decocted Leaves may be admitted. 

Decorctible, a. vare-°. [f. L. décoct- ppl. 
stem: see Decoct and -BLE.] Capable of being 
decocted. 

So Buiount Glossogr., Decoctible, easie to be sodden or 
boyled. 1730-6 in Bartey (folio). Hence in Jounson, etc. 

Decoction (dikgkfan). Also 4-5 -cyon, 5-6 
-cioun, 6 decokcien. [a. OF. decoction, -cocciun 
(13th c.), ad. L. décoction-em, n. of action f. déco- 
guére to DEcoctT.] 

1. The action of decocting; esf. boiling in water 
or other liquid so as to extract the soluble parts or 
principles of the substance. 

c1430 Lyne. Min. Poems (1840) 82 (MAtz.) The coke by 
mesour sesonyth his potages.. By decoccioune to take theyr 
avauntages. 1502 AKNoLDE Chron. 165 Moysted wt water 
of the decokcien of benes. 1 Timme Quersit. 1. vi. 24 
The airey..parts. .are separated by decoction. 1718 Quincy 
soft mucilagin- 
ous Substance in Decoction. 1807 T. THomson Chem. 
(ed. 3) II. 357 Catechu. .is a substance obtained by decoction 
and evaporation from a species of mimosa which abounds in 
India. 

+b. Digestion. Ods. 

1533 Evyor Cast. Helth (1541) 8 b, By insufficient decoc- 

i 1658 A. Fox Wurtz’ Surg. 


he feedeth on. 

+2. Maturing or perfecting by heats esp. of 
metals or mineral ores. Ods. 

(Pertaining to old notions as to the composition and forma- 
tion of metals: cf. Concoction 2.) 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy w. xxxiii, To white he tourneth 
with his beames shene Both sede and graine by decoction. 
1555 Even Decades 334 By the helpe of fermentacion and 
decoction of the minerall’heate. 1577-87 Harrison England 
ut, xi. 237 The substance of sulphur and quicksiluer being 
mixed in due proportion, after long and temperate decoction 
in the bowels of the earth.. becommeth gold, 167% : 
Wesster Metallogr. iv. 73 According to the variety of the 
degrees of decoction and alteration, into divers metallick 
forms. . ae ae 

+3. Reduction by evaporation in boiling, boiling 
down ; fig. reduction. Obs. 

16s0 Futter Pisgah 1, u. viii. 174 The body of his men 
remaining was still too big, and must pass another decoction. 
165s — Ch. Hist. wu. v. §34 Four and twenty prime per- 
sons were chosen. .which soon after (to make them the more 
cordiall) passed a decoction, and were reduced to three. 

4. A liquor in which a substance, usually animal 
or vegetable, has been boiled, and in which the 
principles thus extracted are dissolved; sfec. as 
a medicinal agent. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. ciii. (Tollem. MS.), 
Pis ston [lapis lazuli] schal not be 3eue with decoccyon. 
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 216 Waische be place 4 oe 
decoccioun of camomille. 1563 T. Gate Antidot.u. 8 De- 
coctions. .be liquors and other Lg seg af together and 
then strayned. 1607 Torsett Four Beasts (1673) 332 
A ‘decoction’ is..the broath of certain hearbs or simples 
boyled together in water till the third part be consumed. 
1741 Berketey Let, Wks. 1871 1V. 266 The receipt of a de- 
coction of briar-roots for the Lloody flux. 18; . Rennie 
Alph. Angling, Lines. .tinted by a decoction of oak bark. 

Deco'ctive, a. rare—°. [f. L. décoct- ppl. stem 
+-IVE.] Pertaining to decoction; having the 
quality of decocting. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Decoctive, easily sodden. 1775 in 
Asu. 1828 in Weester. Hence in mod, Dicts. 

+ Deco'ctor. Ols. rare. [a. L. décoctor, agent- 
n. f. décogudre to Drcocr.] One who wastes or 
squanders ; a ruined spendthrift. 

1615 Crooxe Body of Man 37 Wee..may worthily be 

d d s and prodigals, if we keepe not our 
Patrimony together. 1622 Matynes Amc. Law-Merch, 224 
‘The Ciuilians..haue attributed vnto this kind of people, the 
name of Decoctor. .otherwise called disturbers or consumers 
of other mens goods in the course of trafficke. 

+Deco'cture. O%s.—° [ad. L. décoctiira, f. 
decoct-: see Drcoct, and ane] = DECOCTION 4. 

1727 Batwey vol. II, Decocture, a ion, a Broth or 
pes go wherein things have been boiled. Hence in Jonnson, 


mod, Dicts. 

+ Devcognize, v. nonce-wd. [f. De- I. 6 + 
CoenizE.] trans. To cease or fail to recognize. 

1658-9" Burton's Diary (1828) 111. 275 There was no re- 
cognition to King Charles, and no need of it.. I can de- 
cognize Charles Stuart and that family, but recognize I 
cannot, 

Decoir, -ment, variants of DECORE, -MENT. 

Decoit, Decoity: see Dacorr, -Y. 

+Deco'll, v. Ods. [a. F. décolle-r, or ad. L. 
décolla-re.| trans. To behead; = DECOLLATE. 
pry Deco'lling i. = ae ppl. a. ite 

arliamentary Hist.(R.), Byas ron- 

Pc decolling ofthe Kine eag Pov ind Liberty 
Eng. 19 In the King's own case, whom they decolled. 1653 


| becomin; 


DECOLORATE. 


E. C Cath. Hist, The only decolling instru- 
vof Principality od p Rene 
+ 4 a. ny or arch, [ad. L. dé- 
collat-us. le. of décollare: see next. Be- 
headed : 29 aa ] 
and Ylecollate. 1868 Buowninc Ring § Bk. xn. 268 All 
five, to-day, = suffered death. ‘he, Becolate 
it 


of priv rest decently and in . 

Decoliate (arkeiet, dekpict), . [f L. az- 
collat-, ppl. stem of décolla-re to behead, f. Dr- I. 
6+collum neck. As adaptation of L. déollat-us, 
decollate as pa. pple. was in use before any other 
part of the verb: see prec.] 

1. “rans. To sever at the neck ; to behead. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 30/2 With on 
blow beheaded, or decollated. 1635 Hisreooo Hierarch. 
vil. 474 Astatue with three heads. .two of them were quite 
beat off and the Third was much bruised but not decol- 
lated. 1656 H. Puiturs Purch. Patt. (1676) 257 Sir Walter 


Rawleigh decollated. 1782 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 
Site ye eee 
in Q. Rev. . 22 jot! eld 
ah head just decollated 


2. Conch. To break off the apex of (a shell). 

1854 Woopwarp Mollusca (1856) 96 The inner coyrses of 
this shell —— break away or are ‘decollated’ in the 
progress of its growth. 

Decollated (see prec.), pf/. a. [f. prec. +-ED.] 

1. Severed at the neck ; beheaded, decapitated. 

1662 Ocitsy King’s Coronation 3 A Trophy with decol- 
lated Heads. 1 Burke Sudl. & B. Introd. 23 A fine 
piece of a decollated head of St. John the Baptist was shewn 
toa Turkish emperor. a1845 Baruam J/ngol. Leg., Fe: 
Farvis's Wig, Speaking of the decollated Martyr St.Dennis's 
walk with his head under his arm. 


2. Conch. Of a spiral shell: Truncated at the 


| apex. 


This occurs normally in some univalve molluscs; in the 


throws a partition across, when the dead part breaks off. 

1847 CARPENTER Zool. $909 A shell thus deprived of its 
apex is said to be decollated. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca 
iv. (1856) 45 The deserted apex is sometimes very thin, and 

ead and brittle, it breaks away, leaving the shell 

, or decollated. : 
lation (dzkpléi-fon). [a. F. décollation 
(13th c. in Hatzfeld), ad. L. décollation-em, n. of 
action f. décollare : see prec.) 

1. The action of decollating or beheading; the 
fact of being beheaded; sfec. in Obstetric Surg., 
severance of the head from the body of a foetus. 

Feast of the Decollation of St. Fohn the Baptist: a 
festival in the Roman, Greek, and other Christian churches 
in cc ation of the beheading of St. John the Baptist, 
observed on bape of August. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 345 Ober men telleb pat 

it is nou3t be feste of pe decollacioun, Jbid. V. 49 (Matz.) Of 
the decollacioun of Seint John. 1485 Caxton St. Wenefr. 13 
The lyf whiche she after hyr decollacion lyued by the space 
of 15 yere. 1494 Fasyan Chron. m1. 462 In this xxv. yere, 
aboute the feast of the Decollacion of Seynt Iohn are 
1647 Wuarton /reland’s War Wks. (1683) 262 The - 
lation of saat Queen of Scots. 1654 Vitvain Zfit. Ess. 
vii. 31 A fourth is added of King Charls decollation. 
W. Hovces 7rav. India 91 The sacrifice was pre- 
ceded by the decolation of a kid and a cock, the heads of 
which were thrown upon the altar. 1848 Mrs. JAMESON 
Sacr. §& Leg. Art (1850) 131 The decollation of St. Paul. 
1884 SALA Journey due South , i,(1887) 18 [He] strenuously 
denied the pain] of decollation by the guillotine. 

Jig. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef.1. ii. 7 He by a decol- 
lation of all hope annihilated his mercy. hi 

Conch. The truncating or truncated condition 
ofa ye shell: see DECOLLATED 2. 

1866 ‘Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 185 The decollation of the 

upper whorls of the shells. F 
tor (dikglettex). [agent-n. in L. form 
from décollare to DECOLLATE. 

1. One who decollates ; a decapitator. 


truncat 


1843 Blackw, Mag. LILI. 522 The culottes .. would 
have raised you by acclamation to the dignity of Decollator 
of the royal 


family. 
2. Surg. An obstetric instrument for performing 
decollation of the foetus ; a decapitator. 


1 Barnes Lect. Obst. Oper. 21 f Braun’s decollator 
be wed the Pp core x y from right to 
eft. 


| Décolleté (deko'late), Af/.a.; fem. -6e. [Fr., 
pa. pple. of décolleter to expose the neck i. 


her parties. 
of sixty, 
Dec. 7/4 Englishwomen will imitate their Frenc! 
..the excessively decolleté bodices. .they patronise. 
Decolorant (dékzlorint), a. and sd. [a. F. 
décolorant, pr. pple. of décolorer, repr. L. decolor- 
Gnt-em: see DECOLOUR.] 
A. adj, Decolorizing. 
1886-8 in Encycl. Dict. 

B. sb. A decolorizing agent. 
1864 in WEBSTER. ~ 
Decolorate pan a. 

us, pa. pple. o' gare 
colour’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882). 


‘ad. L. décolorat- 
‘Having lost its 


DECOLORATE. 


Decolorate (dikv‘lareit), v. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. décolorare to DEcotour.] +a. = Discorour 
(obs.). b. To deprive of colour, decolour. 

1623 Cockeram, Decolorate, to staine. a 1846 Phil. Mag. 
(cited in Worcester). In mod. Dicts. 

Decoloration ng pet ae Also -colour-. 
[a. F. décoloration, ad. L. décolovation-em, n. of 
action from décolorare to DEconouR.] Depriva- 
tion or loss of colour; + discoloration. 

1623 CockeraM, Decoloration, a staining. 1640 E. Cuit- 
meaD tr. Merrand's Love Melancholy 121 ry e must not 
understand by this word faZe a simple decoloration or white- 
ness of the skin. 1727 Baiey vol. II, Decoloration, astain- 
ing or paring the Colour. 1876 tr. Schiifzendberger's 
Ferment. 113 If we now add a fresh quantity of the reduc- 
ing fluid until the second decolouration. 

Decolorimeter (d¢km:lori‘métax). [f. L. dé- 
color-em deprived of colour + Gr. pérpov measure : 
see -METER.] An instrument for measuring the 
power or effect of a decolorizing agent. 

1863-72 in Watts Dict. Chem. Il. 308. 

Decolorize, -ourize (d/kxleriz), v. E DE- 
II. 1+ Conorizk.] ¢vans. To deprive of colour. 

18: Topp Cycl. Anat. I1. 503/2 Chlorine passed through 
a solution of hzmatosine decolorizes it. 1870 P. M. Duncan 
Transform. Insects (1882) 170 The leaves, and even the 
variegated flowers, are in this way often completely de- 
colourised. jig. 1887 F. Rosinson New Relig. Med. 78 
Temperament plays a part, colouring or decolourizing 
present and future. 

Hence Decoloriza‘tion, -izing, the action of de- 
priving of its colour; Deco‘lorizer, an agent that 
decolorizes ; Deco'lorizing ///. a. 

1871 Athenzum 19 Aug. 251 The decolourization of 
flowers and leaves by electrical discharges. c 1865 LETHEBY 
in Circ. Sc. 1. 125/2 The charcoal is very valuable as a de- 
coloriser and disinfectant. 1861 Hume tr. Moguin-Tandon 
11, 111, 160 Its decolorizing properties. 

Decolour, -or (dkv'lo1), v.  [a. F. décolore-r, 
or ad. L. décoldrare, to deprive of its colour, dis- 
colour, f. DE- I. 6 + colorare to colour, Cf. Dis- 
cotouR.] ‘+1. ¢rans. To discolour ; fg. to stain. 

¢ 1618 E. Botton Hyfercritica (1722) 210 That Herb, with 
which the Britanns are reported to have painted and de- 
colour’d their Bodies. 1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 
198, I remember with what character that proud Cardinall 
was decoloured. f 

2. To deprive of colour, decolorize. 
Deco'louring ///. a. 

1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. 196 To which are added 
manganese and oxide of cobalt as decolouring substances. 
1861 Hutme tr. Moguin-Tandon u. 111. 160 Animal charcoal 
is used for the purpose of decolouring various liquids. 

+ Deco:loured, ff/. a. Obs. rare". [For de- 
collared.| Cut low in the neck ; low-necked. 

c 1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode u. civ. (1869) 113 To nekke and 
breste white a coote wel decoloured [esco//etees] to be wel 
biholde. 

Decomplex (d7kpmple:ks), a. [f. Dr- I. 5 + 
CompLex, after decomposite, decompound.| Re- 
peatedly complex; compounded of parts which 
are themselves complex. 

1748 Hartiry Observ. Man 1. i. 77 The Varieties of the 
Associations hinder particular ones from being so close and 
permanent, between the complex Parts of decomplex Ideas, 
as between the simple Parts of complex ones. 1840 De 
Quincey S#y/e i. Wks. 1890 X. 150 ‘This monster model of 
sentence, bloated with decomplex intercalations .. is the 
prevailing model in newspaper eloquence. 

+ Decomporne, v. Sc. Ods.-* [ad. med.L. 
decomponére, back-formation from decompositus : 
see DEcomposiTE.] = DrecompounD v. 1. Hence 
+ Decomponit f/. a2. = DECOMPOUND a. 

1522 Vaus Rudiment. Dd iiij b (Jam.), How mony figures 
is there in ane pronowne? Thre. Quhilk thre? Ane 
simple, & ane componit, and ane decomponit. The simple 
as is, the componit as zdemz, the decomponit as identidem. 

Decomponent (dékfmpaunént). —? Obs. 
[Formed on a L. type dé-component-em, f. dé-com- 
ponére, not in ancient L., but inferred from decom- 
pose, decomposition: see Dx- I. 6,] 

A decomposing agent. 

1797 Henry in Phil. Trans. LXXXVII. 4 
component of the water. .is not a metallic ly, will apy 
highly probable. 1800 /éid. XC. 189 The action of the 
electric fluid itself, as a decomponent, 

Decomponible, «. rare. [f. assumed L. dé- 
componére (see prec.) + -BLE.] Capable of being 
decomposed or resolved into its elements. 

1859 H. Corerince in Philol. Soc. Trans. 19 The word is 
di ible in that | into simp] 


¥ t Ss Ss b 

Decomposability (dzkgmpduzabi'liti). Also 
-ibility. [f.next + -1Ty.] The quality or pro- 
perty of being decomposable. 

1862 Anstep Channel Isl. 1. iv. (ed. 2) 64 A proof of the de- 
company the granite rock. x KYER in Nature 
No. 617. 397 This decomposibility of the terrestrial elements. 

Decomposable (dzkJmpéuz4b’l), a. Also 
-ible. [f. next+-ABLE; so F. décomposable (1790 
in Hatzf.).] Capable of being decomposed, or 


Hence 


That the de- 


separated into its constituent elements, (Usually 

in reference to chemical Seca : 

1784 Kirwan in Phil. Trans. bg V. 180 P mg 
in 2 red peril . 


hI, } 


not be supp P 

Henry Epit. Chem. (1808) 4D mpos 

1831 aad Oftics vii. 73 This white light will possess 
ou, IIT. 


. decomposite of the A 


105 


the remarkable property of..being decomposable only by 
absorption. 1872 Huxiey Phys. iv. 83 Animal matter of 
a highly decomposable character. 

Decompose (d7kfmpéuz), v.  [a. F. décom- 
fose-r (16th c. in Littré), f. dé, des- (De- I. 6) + 
composer to COMPOSE.] 

1. trans. To separate or resolve into its con- 
stituent parts or elements. 
substances into their chemical elements, of light 
into its constituent colours; also of force or motion. 
Cf. DECOMPOSITION 2.) 

@ 1751 BotincBrokeE Ess. i. Hum. Knowl. (R.), The chemist 
who has..decomposed a thousand natural, and composed as 
many artificial bodies. 1805 Med. ¥rnd. XIV. 272 Attempts 
to decompose water by the Galvanic pile. 1831 Brewster 
Optics vil. § 66. 72 We have therefore by absorption decom- 
posed green light into yellow and blue. c 1860 Farapay 
Forces Nat, i. 28, I can decompose this marble and 
change it. 

b. To disintegrate ; to rot. 

1841 W. SpatpinG /taly & Jt. Isl. I. 19 The seasons de- 
compose its cliffs. ‘ 

ec. fig. of immaterial things. 

1796 Burkr Lett. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 61 Analytical 
legislators, and constitution-venders, are quite as busy in 
their trade of decomposing organization. 1816 Scotr 
Antiq. i, Were I compelled to decompose the motives of my 
worthy friend. 1846 Mitt Log/c Introd. § 7, I do not 
attempt to decompose the mental operations in question 
into their ultimate elements. 

+d. Printing. To distribute (type that has been 
set up or composed). Obs. 

1816 Sincer //ist. Cards 153 Go and take out the pieces 
from the press, and decompose them. 

2. intr. (for rvefl.) To suffer decomposition or 
disintegration; to break up ; to decay, rot. 

1793 Bepvors Calculus, etc. 215 The mucus, contained in 
great quantities in the lungs, and which is continually de- 
composing. 1865 Sat. Rev. 11 Mar. 269/1 These broken 
armies decompose into bands of roving marauders. 1872 
Houxtey PAys. vii. 156 Such compounds as abound in the 
mineral world, or immediately decompose into them. Mod. 
Soon after death the softer parts of organized bodies begin 
to decompose. 

Decomposed (dzkgmpdwzd), Af. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED1.] Subjected to organic decay, rotten. 

1846 Nonconf. VI. 28 Why should decomposed potatoes be 
more objectionable than decomposed partridges ? 

Decompo'ser. [-£k!.] Something that de- 
composes ; a decomposing agent. 

1821 Examiner 10/1 The turn for parody seems. .to be, in 
its very essence, a decomposer of greatness. 1850 Frn/. KR. 
Agric. Soc. 135 The soil is a slow decomposer of manure. 

Decomposible, -ibility: see DrcomposaBLr, 
-ABILITY. 

Decompo'sing, ///. a. [-1nc?.] That de- 
composes ; usually 27/7. undergoing decomposition, 
in process of organic decay. 

1833 THirtwatt in Philol. Museum U1. 546 The decom- 
posing hand has grown tired of its work, 1862 Anstep 
Channel Isl. 1. x. (ed. 2) 263 Veins of soft clay and some 
of decomposing greenstone. 1870 H, Macmitran Sible 
Teach, viii. 153 These plants die, and form by their decom- 
posing remains a rich and fertile mould. 

Decomposite (dzkpmpvzit), a. and sd, [ad. 
late L. décomposttus,a Latin rendering of Gr, mapa- 
atvOeros used by Priscian in the sense ‘formed or 
derived from a compound word’, by medizeval and 
modern L. writers as ‘ further or more deeply com- 
pounded’. Cf. Decomponr. Hence a series of 
senses, found also in decompound, decomposition, in 
which de- is used differently from the more ordinary 
sense in decompose and derivatives. See Dr-I. 5.] 

A. adj. Further compounded ; formed by adding 
another element or constituent to something already 
composite. 

1655 GoucE Comm. Heb, Epist., Simple, compound, or 
decomposite notions. 1869 LaTuam s.v., The decomposite 
character of such words is often concealed or disguised. 

B. sé. A decomposite substance, word, etc. ; 
a compound formed from something already com- 
posite. 

1622 T. Jackson ¥udah 48 That elegant metaphoricall 
stle unto Timothie [2 Tim. i. 6, 
avagwrupe ‘rekindle’]. a@ 1626 Bacon Minerals Wks. 
1857 III. 807 The decomposites of three metals or more, are 
too long to enquire of. 1678 Puituirs, Decomfosite, a term 
in Grammar, signifying a word equally compounded, that 
is by the addition of two other words, as /1-dis-fositio. 

I 


1706 — (ed. Kersey), D. iposite (in G ), a Word 
doubly compounded; as capa neice also, a Term 
us'd by Apothecaries, when a Physical Composition is 
encreas’d, 


1848 LatHam Eng. Lang. § 299 Compounds 
wherein one element is Compound are called Decomposites. 
1863 W. Soiru tr. Curtius’ Gr. Gram., Eng. Index, Decom- 
posites, Augmfent] in, § 239 [Some verbs, which are not 
pecs compounded with prepositions, but derived from 
alreas peace nouns (Decomposita), have the Augment 
at the beginning]. 
Decomposition (dzkgmpdzi-fan). [n. of action 
f. Decompounp and Decomrosz, with the respective 
senses of the prefix in these words : cf. decomposite. 
Mod.F. has décomposition in sense 2, of date 1694 
in Acad. Dict., whence perhaps’ the English 


uses. _ 
For the adventiti 
tion, see these words. ] 


ion of ipose and comp. 


(Of the separation of | 


DECOMPOUND. 


I. Allied to DecompositE: with De- I. 5. 

+1. Further composition or compounding ; 
compounding of things already composite. (Cf. 
DEcOMPLEX, DECOMPOUND.) Oés. 

1659 O. Waker Justruct. Oratory 52 The English. .hath 
an elegant way of expressing them [Epithets]..in a dexterovs 
decomposition of two, or three words together. As: Tast- 
pleasing-fruits, 1674 Boye Corpusc. Philos. 11 The almost 
innumerable diversifications, that compositions and decom: 
positions may make of a small number, not perhaps exceeding 
twenty, of distinct things. 1690 Locke Hu. Und. Ww. iv. 
§ 9 The many Decompositions that goto the making up the 
complex Ideas of those modes. 

II. Allied to DEcomposE: with De- I. 6. 

2. The action or process of decomposing, separa- 
tion or resolution (of anything) into its constituent 
elements. a. Used of the separation of substances 
into their chemical elements, of light into the 
prismatic colours. Decomposition of forces, in 
Dynamics = RESOLUTION of forces. 

1762 Univ. Mag. Jan. 12 If then the vinegar be used for 
precipitating it, there will be scarce any further decomposi- 
tion ofthis magistery. 1794 G. ApAms Nat. & Ep. Philos. 
IV. xli. 119 The decomposition of forces into parallelograms. 
1800 tr. Lagravge’s Chem. 1. 53 Hydrogen gas.. is always 
produced in the greatest purity by the decomposition of 
water. 1828 Hutton Course Math. II. 142 Called the de- 
composition, or the resolution of forces. 1831 BrewsTER 
Optics vii. 66 In the decomposition and recomposition of 
white light. 1860 Tomson in Bowen Logic x. 348 Chemistry 
..the science of the decomposition and combinations of the 
various substances that compose and surround the earth. 

b. The natural dissolution of compound bodies ; 
disintegration; the process or condition of or- 
ganic decay ; putrescence. 

1777 Priestiey Mat. & Spir. (1782) I. xvii. 200 Death, 
with its. dispersion of parts, is only a decomposition. 1794 
Suttivan View Nat. 1. 77 'Vhis ancient rocky substance, and 
the sand produced by its decomposition. 1845 Darwin 
Voy. Nat. (1852) 164, I am inclined to consider that the 
phosphorescence is the result of the decomposition of the 
organic particles. 1865 Lussock Pek. Times iv. (1869) 91 
The bones were in such a state of decomposition, that the 
ribs and vertebra crumbled into dust. 

ce. fig. of immaterial things. 

1762-71 H. WacroLe Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 81 
Allegoric personages are a poor decomposition of human 
nature. 1798 Burke Policy of Allies Wks. 1842 1. 599 In 
France. .in the decomposition of society, 1874 Saycr Com- 
par. Philol, vi. 240 It is very possible that the Aryan roots 
are capable of still further decomposition. 

Hence Decomposi'tionist, an advocate or sup- 
porter of decomposition, e.g. that of an empire, 
confederation, etc. 

1849 Tait’s Mag. XVI. 756 ‘ But,’ say the decomposition- 
ists, “we seek not the destruction of this empire—we agitate 
not for its abolition.’ 

+ Decompo'sure. Ols.7are. [f. DECOMPOSE ; 
see -URE.] Decomposition, resolution (of forces). 

1740 Stack in Phil. Trans. XLI. 420 There will be no De- 
composure, and the Force IC will not change into a Force 
that has the Radius OC for its Direction. 

[f. 


Decompound (d7k/mpau:nd), a, and sd. 
De- I. 5 + Compounn a.: after late and med.L. 
décompositus DECOMPOSITE in same sense.] 

A. adj. Repeatedly compound ; compounded of 
parts which are themselves compound; sec. in 
Bot. of compound leaves or inflorescences whose 
divisions are further divided (L. decompositus, 


Linnzeus). 

a 1691 Boyt (J.), The pretended salts and sulphur are so 
far from being elementary parts extracted out of the body of 
mercury, that they are rather, to borrow a term of the 
grammarians, decompound bodies, made up of the whole 
metal and the menstruum, or other additaments employed 
to disguise it. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot. s.v., Decompound 
leaf, Folium decompositum, when the primary petiole is so 
divided that each part formsa compound leaf. 1835 LinpDLEY 
Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 360 Decompound, having various 
compound divisions or ramifications. 1837-8 Sir W. Hamit- 
ton Logic xv. (1866) I. 275 Erroneous to maintain .. that 
a reasoning or syllogism is a mere decompound whole, 
made up of concepts. 1870 H. Macmittan Bible Teach. 
vii. 145 The lobed leaf passes by various stages into the 
compound, decompound, and supra-decompound. 

B. sd. A decompound thing, word, etc. ; a com- 
pound further compounded, or of which one or 
more elements are themselves compound. 

1614 Br. ANDREWES 96 Sem. (1641) 472 Super-exaltavit 
is a de-compound. There is, Zx and Sger (both) in it. 
1622 HeyLin Cosmogr. (162 ) 469 That the English lan- 

wage is a decompound of Dutch, French, and Latine, 
t hold. 17.. ARBUTHNOT, etc. J) No body should use 
any compound or decompound of the substantial verbs. 
1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxi. (1859) 11. 19 To use 
the word zo cognise in connection with its noun cognition, 
as we use the decompound #0 recognise in connection with 
its noun recognition. 1881 CHANDLER Gr. Accent. § 429 
Decompounds, or words consisting of more than two 
factors. = 

Decompound (dzkfmpawnd), v. [f. DE-I.5, 
II. 1+ CompounD v.: cf. prec., and DECOMPOSE. ] 

I. Connected with DEcompounD a. and DEcom- 
POSITE. 

+1. trans. To compound further; to form by 
combining compound constituents, or by adding 
another constituent to something already com- 
pound. Oés, ; 

14* 


DECOMPOUNDED. 


1673 Newton in Phil. Trans. VII1. 6110 The resulting 
White..was com, ed of them all, and only de-com- 
pounded of those two, 16..—(J.), If the intercepted 
colours be let pass, they will fall upon this compounded 
orange, and, together with it, decompound a white. 
Locke Hum, Und. i. ix. §6 A very complex Idea that is 

pounded and d ded Westey Prim. 


106 
Deconventionalize, decopperize, -ation : 


see Dr- IT. 1. 
+ Deco ppl.a. Obs, rare—1, [f. OF. dé- 
copé, mod.F. découpé, cut down, minutely cut, 


ye paong: | Cut in figures; slashed ; cf, Coup v.? 1. 
€ 1400 


iP 


c P 174) 
Physic (1762) p. xv, The common Method of . 
an reconciled to 


decompounding Medicines ean never be 
common sense. 5 
II. Connected with DecomposeE. 

2. To separate the constituent parts or elements 
of; to DECOMPOSE. 

Johnson 1755 says— This is a sense that has of late crept 
irregularly into chymical books.’ 

@ 175 Boincsroke Ess. i. Hum. Knowl. (R.), If we 
consider that in learning..the signification of these names, 
we learn to decompound them, 1766 Cavenpisu in PAd/. 
Trans. LVI. 102 To decompound as much of the solution 
of chalk as contains 164 grains of earth. 1793 J. BowLes 
Real Ground War w. France (ed. 5) 25 Other States are 
to be broken up and decompounded, 1830 Herscuet 
Stud, Nat. Phil. u. ii. (1851) 92 The chemist in his analysis, 
who accounts every ingredient an element till it can be de- 
compounded and resolved into others. 

Hence Decompou‘ndable @., capable of being 
decomposed. 

1797 Brit. Crit, Jan. 1X. 58 Discoveries .. which shew 
the universal dominion of air of different kinds, and that 
all nature seems to be decompoundable into fluidity. 

Decompou'nded, ///. a. [f. prec. +-ED1.] 

I. 1. Further compounded ; made up of com- 
pound constituents: sfec. in Bot. and Zool, =DE- 
COMPOUND. 

1674 BovLe Corpusc. Philos. 26 Amel is manifestly not only 
a compounded, but a decompounded body, consisting of 
salt and powder of pebbles or sand, and calcined tin. 1794 
Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. xix. 268 The leaves being decom- 
pounded. 1852 Dana Crust. 1. 205 The areolation is very 
deep and the areolets not decompounded. 

I, 2. Separated into its constituent parts, de- 
composed, 

1797 Pearson in Pil. Trans. LXX XVII. 152 The oxygen 
and hydrogen gaz of the decompounded water. 1 TAN- 
couver Agric. Devon (1813) 22 Composed of the decom- 
pounded shale. 1841 Hor. Smitu Moneyed Man II, ix. 
722 The very dust..may consist of decompounded human 
hearts, 

+ Deco‘mpt. ‘Sc. Obs.—' [Cf. F. ‘ descomft, an 
account giuen for things receaued; a backe-reckon- 
ing’ (Coter.)-} Account, reckoning. 

1584 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 325 (Jam.) Thair obligationis 
and decompt jer ae mend be thair commissaris deput be 
thame to that effect, particularly thairvpon will testifie. 

Decon, obs. form of DEAcon. 

Deconcatenate, Deconcentrate, -ation, 
etc. : see De- II. 1. 

+ Deconce'rt, v. Os. rare. [a. F. déconcerter 
(16th c.), f. dé, des- (De- I. 6) + concerter.] 
trans. To put out of concert or agreement, dis- 
arrange ; = DISCONCERT I. 

1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 322 A more heterogene 
Metamorphosis, capable of deconcerting the closest Union 
and Interest. 

+ Deconco'ct, v. Obs. rare. bs De-I.30r5 + 
Concocr v.] According to earlier physiological 
notions; To reduce (imperfectly concocted humours 
or ill digested food) by further digestion: cf. 
Crupity 2. (In quot. fig.) 

1655 Futter Ch, Hist. vi. 1. 267, I doubt not but since 
these Benedictines have had their crudities deconcocted, 
and have been drawn out into more slender threds of sub- 
divisions. 

Deconsecrate (dikpnstkreit), v. [f. DE- II. 
I + CONSECRATE v.] rans. To undo the conse- 
cration of; to deprive of sacredness, secularize, 
Hence Deco'nsecrated #//.a.; Deconsecra‘tion, 
the action or ceremony of deconsecrating. 

1867 Ch. & St. Rev, 16 Feb. 150 The last new..word ‘de- 
consecration’ .. intended to convey to the public mind the 
fact, without the unpleasant associations, of what has hitherto 
been known under the .. title of ‘desecration’, 1876 City 
Press 21 Oct. 4/6 This Church was deconsecrated on Thurs- 
day. 18820. Rev. Oct. 438, The bare deconsecrated Nature 
which our author offers us as the substitute for God. 

Deconsi‘der, v. rare. [a. mod.F. déconsi- 
dérer; see Ds- Il. 1 and Conswer.] trans. To 
treat with too little consideration, Hence De- 
considera'tion. 

1881 Med. Review Apr., Med. Profession & Morality, 
In the Army and Navy, the surgeons, long unfairly decon- 
sidered, now haughtily claim equally unreasonable prece- 
dence. 1882 Miss Copse Peak in Darien 219 Women are 
..actually much deconsidered by men. /did., Would not 
their deconsideration be reflected on Religion itself were 
they to become its authorized ministers? 

Deconstru'ct, v. [f. Dr- Il. 1+ Consrrvcr, 
after F. déconstrutre.] trans. To undo the con- 
struction of, to take to pieces, Hence Decon- 
stru‘ction [also in Ws 

1882 MeCarrny in 19¢h Cent. 859 A reform the beginnings 
of which must be a work of deconstruction. 

+ Decontra‘ct, v. Obs. rare. [f. De-1.3 or 5 
+Conrract v.] ‘vans, To contract further. 

1647 Futter Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 93 This also 
seems too long: I decontract and abridge the abridgment 


of my prayers, yea..too often I shrink my prayers to a 
minute, 


‘om. Rose 843 And shode he was with grete 
With shoon decoped. 

li Decor (dek61). Obs. [a. L. decor (decor-), 
seemliness, comeliness, grace, beauty. Earlier Eng. 
had decu'r, decou'r, deco're app. through French; 
see DEcoRE sé.] Comeliness, beauty, ornament. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Decor, ¢ li or beauty. 1664 
Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. 117 For the apt Distribution, 
Decor and fitness. 1681 H. More Exp. Dan. vi. 179 
Riches are the Political glory and decor of any Kingdom. 

Decorable (de‘kérab’l), a. rare. [f. L. de- 
cord-re to DECORATE + -BLE, So in mod.F. 
(iter?) Capable of decoration. 

1889 Pall Mall G. 9 Jan. 6/1 The ‘ decorable’ parts of the 
church were still-adorned with. .evergreens, 

Decorament (dekéramént). rave. [ad. L. 
decorament-um (Tertull.), f. decorare to DrEco- 
RATE: see -MENT.] Decoration, ornament. 

1727 Batey vol. Il, Decorament, an Ornament, an adorn- 
ing. 1730-6 ey» 1755-73 in Jounson. 1826 Scorr 
Frni. 24 Mar., It is foolish to encourage people to expect 
mottoes and such-like decoraments. [1888 ELwortny IV, 
Somerset Gloss. 189 ‘ Thick there thing idn no decriment.’] 

Decorate (de‘kérét), pp/. a. Obs. or arch. 
[ad. L. decorat-us adorned, beautiful, pa. pple. of 
decorare: sce next. For some time after the 
adoption of the vb., decorat, -ate continued to serve 
as the pa. pple., until superseded by decorated, 
which has also taken its place in ordinary use as 
adjective.] Adorned, decorated ; ornate. 

1460 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 81 Heyle flece of 
gedion, with vertu decorate! 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. 
(W. de W. 1495) 1. xlviii. 92 b/2 They sawe a chirche 
decorate and ornate aboue alle puyssaunce humayne. 1513 


Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 3248 The place was decorat | 


with myracles many. 1550 J. Coxe Eng. & Fr. Heralds 
(1877) § 203 Considre the magnifique and decorate churches 
{of London]. 1876 J. E.us Cesar in Egypt 56 Rigg'd in 

ay colours, decorate with flowers. 1886 Burton Arad. Nis. 
be ed.) I. 102 A fair hall and richly decorate. 

Decorate (dekére't), v. [f. L. decorat-, ppl. 
stem of decorare to adorn, beautify, f. decus, decor- 
grace, honour, embellishment. As in other verbs of 
similar formation, the L. pa. pple. was first adapted 
as a ppl. adj. (see prec.), and subsequently the 
same type was taken as the stem of a vb.] 

1. trans. Toadorn, beautify, embellish ; to grace, 
honour. Ods. or arch. 

1530 PatsGr. 509/1, I decorate, I make fayre or gay, je 
decore, You have decorate our assemblye with your pre- 
sence. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 37 The same .. with 
goodli and parkely parks. .to beautifie adorne and decorite. 
1577-87 Hotinsnep Scot. Chron., Malcolm (R.), His familie 
. .1s decorated with the office of the marshalship of Scotland. 


1642 W. Batt Caveat for Subjects 15 The name of the | 
1781 GinBon | 


House of Austria decorates their dominions. 
Decl. : F. \xviii. VI. 282 His mother has been decorated 
with the titles of Christian and princess. 1856 Froupe 
Hist. Eng. (1858) 11. viii. 245 War and plunder were 
decorated by poetry as the honourable occupation of heroic 
natures. ; ; 

2. To furnish or deck with ornamental acces- 
sories: @. said of the personal agent. 

1782 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 26 Oct., I. .was then decorated 
a little, and came forth to tea, 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 
I. 81 The head was decorated with a cocked hat. 
Parker Goth, Archit, 1. vi. 207 The custom of decorating 
churches with flowers at certain seasons is very ancient. 

b. said of the things serving as ornaments. 

1870 E, Peacock Ralf Skink III. 193 The old armour 
which decorated its walls, 1887 Times 7 Mar. 9/3 In ages 
.-more robustly conscious of the difference between evil and 
good their henda would have decorated the City gates. 

8. To invest (a person) with a military or other 
decoration, as the badge of an order, medal of 
honour, or the like, 

1816 [see Decoratep], 1878 Print. Trades F¥rni. xxmi.7 
Prince Charles of Roumania has decorated two printers in 
his dominions. 

Hence Decorating vé/. sb. and ffi. a. 

1877 Atheneum 3 Novy. 571/3 An Lome iene A toa 
decorating carver. Mod. In the decorating of the church. 

Decorated (de‘kire'téd), sp/. a. [f. DECORATE 
v.+-ED.] Adorned, embellished; furnished with 
anything omamental ; invested with a decoration. 

1727 Baicey vol. II, Decorated, beautified, adorned. 1816 
i rr Vis, Paris (ed. 5) p. xlvii, Disturbances. caused 
yy, d officers attempting to make the passers-by cry 

ive ! Empereur, 1874 Bourett Arms & Arm, y. 76 The 
least decorated of ancient Greek armour, 

b. Archit. Applied to the second or Middle 
style of English Pointed architecture (which pre- 
vailed throughout the greater part of the 14th c.), 
wherein decoration was increasingly employed and 
became part of the construction. 

‘The most prominent characteristic of this style is to be 
found in the windows, the tracery of which is always 
either of geometrical figures, circles, quatrefoils, etc., as in 
the earlier instances [hence called Geometrical Decorated), 
or flowing in wavy lines, as in the later examples’ (Parker 
Gloss. Archit.) 

1812 Rickman Styles Goth, Archit, (1817) 44 Decorated 


1874 | 


DECORE. 


English, reaching to the end of the 

1377. Ibid, 71 Of the Third, or 

‘and-Bk. i 
hich 


of Edward 11 in 


ie Pointed 


been known by the name of Decorated). 


Freeman Archit iii. 347 ‘The exquisite 
N . ML. I iii, 347 ite 
church of Wymmi in dshi 
Panuen Goth. Avehit. Ly. 161 The change from the Ear 
nglish to Decorated style was .. very grad 

Decoration ental fon). ad. late L. de- 
coration-em, n. of action from decordre to DEco- 
RATE: perh, a. F. décoration (1393 in Hatzf.).] 

1. The action of decorating; embellishment, 
adornment, ornamentation. 

Decoration day (U.S.): the day (now May ) kept in 
memory of those who fell in the civil war of 1861-65, on 
which their graves are decorated with flowers, 

1585 Jas. 1 Z£ss. Poesie (Arb.) 65 It is also meit, for the 
better decoratioun of the verse to vse sumtyme the figure of 
Repetitioun. 1589 — in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 11. 29 Orna- 

quisit for d ‘ion of our mariage. 1611 Rey 

Denne decoration, beautifying, a nme 
garnishing, trimmin, ng. ounson Ram 
189 P 12 «J iol teres tothe decoration of ber 
person. merson Lect. Vng. Amer, Wks. (Bohn) IL 
295 To facilitate the decoration of land and dwellings. 1886 
Century Mag. XXXII. 475/1 On Decoration day he met 
them on their way to a neighbouring cemetery. 

b. The fact or condition of being decorated. 
ce. + The quality of being decorated ; ornateness. 

1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 68 Amazement .. for the 
manner and decoration of one thing and another. /bid. 43 
The beauty and Decoration of the things we found in 
Hierusalem, 1838 Lytton Lei/a 1. iv, The fashion of its 
ornament and decoration was foreign to that adopted by the 
Moors of Granada. 

2. That which decorates or adorns; an ornament, 
embellishment ; esf. an ornament temporarily put 
up on some special occasion ; formerly used (after 
the French) of scenery on the stage. : 

a 1678 Marvett Wes. II. 208 (R.) Our church did even 
then exceed the Romish in ceremonies and decorations. 
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Decoration, an Ornament, Im- 
bellishment, or Set-off ; as ‘The Decorations of the See 
1716 Lavy M, W. Montacu Let. to Pope 14 a ° 
tT tr. 


[opera] house could hold such e decorations. 
Suan & Ulloa's Voy. (1772) 1.63 Mari or butterflies 
. differing visibly in figure, colours, decorations. 1769 
Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 199 A pretty decora- 
tion fora grand table. 1845 M. Parrisom Ess, (1889) I. 17 
Basilicas. .more remarkable for the richness of their decora- 
tions than for beauty of architectural proportions. 1864 
Burton Scot, Aér. 1.1.2 When its history is stripped of the 
remote antiquity and other fabulous decorations. 

3. A star, cross, medal, or other badge conferred 


and worn as a mark of honour. 

1816 J. Scort Vis. Paris (ed. 5) p. xiii, To sport the decor- 
ation of the Legion of Honour, /éid. 294 All the young 
men who had not mili decorations. Cussans //er. 
252 The Royal Order of Victoria and Albert .. The Decor- 
ation of the Order consists of an onyx cameo, bearing a 
profile likeness of the late Prince Consort. 

Decora‘tionist. [f.prec.+-1st.] A profes- 
sional decorator. 

1828 CartyLe Misc, (1857) I. 192 Which the more cunning 
Decorationist..may have selected. 1829 /bid. 1. 276 If the 
tailor and decorationist do their duty. 

Decorative (de‘kérétiv), a. [f. L. ppl. stem 
decorat- (see DecoraTE v.) +-IvE. Cf. F. décoratif, 
-ive in Academy’s Dict. of 1878, but also occurring 
in OF. in 15th c.] Having the function of de- 
corating ; tending to, pertaining to, or of the nature 
of decoration, 

1791 Sin W. Cuampers Civil Archit, (ed. 3) 17 The orders 
. .may be considered as the basis of the whole decorative part 
of architecture. 1815 W. H. Irecann Seridbleomania 130 
note, To have the piece cee printed in quarto with 
decorative engravin x REEMAN Archit. 237 A decora+ 
tive arch is formed on the west wall, 1855 Bain Senses & 
Int. 1m. iv. § 27 In the fancies of decorative art, nature has 

little place, 
“Hence De'coratively adv., in a decorative 
manner, in reference to decoration; De‘corative- 
ness, the quality of being decorative. 

1882 SaLa America Revis, (1885) 55 A New York hack 
coupé is superior str lly, di ly, and loco- 
motively to one of our four-wheelers. 1847 Craig De- 
corativeness. 1890 Times 5 Feb. 9 Nowhere, in shape, 
d iveness, and inty of effects for eye, ear, and 
touch is there the least superfluity or deficiency, 

Decorator (dekérelto:), [agent-n. in L. form 
from decorare to DECORATE; see -OR, 
corateur (c1600 in Hatzf.).] One who decorates ; 
spec. one who professionally decorates houses, 
public buildings, etc., with ornamental painting, 
plaster-work, gilding, and the like. 

1738 in Jounson. 1787 Sir J. Hawkins Life Fohnson 
Wks. I. 373 ote, un and Kent were mere decorators, 

—— vk. Boz (1850) 144, 7” canaries 

nter and decorator’s journeyman. 1 aw Reports 14 

D. Bench Div. 600 Thay eel oe. ee business of up- 
Pa] : anda 


. dé, 


‘re, 
[app. a. AngloFr, 
see Decor, Littré 


.DECORE, 


décore masc., as a deriv. of décorer to DECORATE.] 
Grace, honour, glory, beauty, adornment. 4 

1513 BrapsHaw St. Werburge u. 337 With td worship, 
decoure and dignite..She was receyued. /ézd. u. 1925 In 
worship, praisyng, beaute and decur. 1596 DaLryMpLe tr. 
Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 49 Quhais decore cheiflie does 
consiste in Nobilitie of gentle men, etc. 1616 Lane Sg7.’s 
7. 43 He fraught theare minde with faire decore Of truith, 
justice (twins), groundes of virtues lore. 

+ Decorre, a. Sc. Obs. Also6decoir. [ad.L. 
decor-us becoming, comely, f. decor, -drem be- 
comingness, f. dec2re to penne: | Comely, beautiful. 

1500-20 Dunsar Badlat of our Lady 49 Hail, more decore, 
than of before, And swetar be sic sevyne. 150r DoucLas 
Pal. Hon. ut. 300 Ane sweit nimphe maist faithfull and 
decoir. 

+ Deco're, v. Ods. or arch. Also 6-7 Sc. de- 
coir. [a. F. décore-r (14th c.), ad. L. decora-re to 
DecoratE.] ‘To decorate, adorn, embellish. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos vi. (1890) 24 The name thenne 
and Royalme of Fenyce hath be moche hiely decored by 
merueyllous artes and myryfyke. 1548 Hatt Chron. (1809) 
59 Todecore and beautifye the House of God. 1583 StusBes 
Anat. Abus.1.(1879) 64 The Women of Ailgna vse to colour 
their faces .. whereby they think their beautie is greatly 
decored. 1603 PAzlotus xlvii, Deck vp and do thyself 
decoir. 1634 RurHERForD Le/t#. (1862) I. 129 Decored and 
trimmed as a bride. @ 1661 Futter Worthies u. 6 Which 
Church he decored with many Ornaments and Edifices. 
1818 Scotr Br. Lamm.ix, ‘Without the saddle being decored 
wi’ the broidered sumpter-cloth !’ 

Hence + Decorring vé/. sd. 

1618 Jas. I Decl. Lawful Sports in Arb. Garner IV. 515 
Leave to carry rushes to the church for the decoring of it. 

+ Deco'rement. O/s. Also 6-7 Sc. decoir-, 
decor-. [a. OF. decorement (15thc.), f. décorer to 
Decorate: repr. L. decorémentum.] 

a. Decoration, ornamentation. rare. 
An ornament, an embellishment. 

1587 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) III. 506 Very commodious 
and convenient for the..decoirment of pis realme. 1632 
Litucow T7vav. 1. 41 The decorements of their beautifull 
Palaces. 1635 Heywoop Lond. Sinus Salutis Wks. 1874 1V. 
288 The Decorements that adorne the Structure, I omit. 
168x Jas. Stewart in Cloud of Witnesses (1810) 156 What 
brethren did cast upon him as a shame was his glory and 
decorement. c1720 W. Gisson Farvier’s Guide 1.1. (1738) 4 
The Main, Tail, and Foretop .. of a Horse .. are a suitable 
Decorement to a creature of so much Fire and Mettle. 

Decorrist. vonce-wd. [f. DEcor-um + -18T.] 
One attached to artistic proprieties. 

1839 Por Assignuation Wks. (1864) I. 381 Proprieties of 
place and especially of time are the bugbears which terrify 


b. concr. 


mankind from the contemplation of the magnificent. Once 
I was myself a decorist. 
Decorous (dékoe'ras, dekéras), @ [In form 


ad, late L. decords-us elegant, beautiful (It. decoroso 
decorous, decent), f. decus, decor-: see DECORATE ; 
but in sense corresp. to L. decor-us becoming, 
seemly, fitting, proper, f. decor, decdr-em becoming- 
ness, f. decére to become, befit. In harmony with 
this Johnson, Walker, and Smart 1849 pronounce 
decorous. Bailey 1730 and Perry 1805 have de‘- 
cdrous ; Craig 1847 and later dictionaries record 
both. The word is not very frequent colloquially.] 
+1. Seemly, suitable, appropriate. Ods. 

1664 H. More Afyst. nig. 225 That decorous embellish- 
ment in the external Cortex of the Prophecy [is] punctually 
observed. 1680 — A/focal. Afoc. 75 So decorous is the 
representation. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 57, It is not so 
decorous with respect to God, that he should immediately 
do all the meanest and triflingest things himself, without 
any inferiour or subordinate minister. 

2. Characterized by decorum or outward confor- 
mity to the recognized standard of propriety and 
good taste in manners, behaviour, etc. 

{673 Rules of Civility 144 It is not decorous to look in 
the Glass, to comb, brush, or do any thing of that nature to 
ourselves, whilst the said person be in the Room.] 1792 
V. Knox Serm. ix. (R.), Individuals, who support a decorous 
character. 1795 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 291 Their language 
..is cool, decorous, and Spagna 82x Byron Vis. 
Fudg. xcv, Some grumbling voice, Which now and then 
will make a slight inroad Upon decorous silence. 1858 
Hawrtuorne Fy, § Jt. F¥rnds. 1. 293 Washington, the most 
decorous and respectable personage that ever went cere- 
moniously through the realities of life. 1874 Hers Soc. 
Press. iii. 40 In a great city everything has to be made out- 
wardly decorous, . 

b. Of language: Exemplifying propriety of 
diction. 

1873 LowELt Among nz 
permanent value for hilo 
English. . 

q a in the sense of L, decorosus. 

1727 Battery vol. II, De’corous, Decoro'se, fair and lovely, 
beautiful, graceful, coffely. 

Decorously (see prec.), adv. [-ty?.] Ina 
decorous manner ; with decorum. 

1809 Han. More Caleds 1. 189 (Jod.) Oh! if women in 
general knew .. with what a charm even the appearance of 
modesty invests its possessor, they would dress decorously. 
1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 566 He endured decorously 
the hardships of his present situation. 

Decorousness (see prec.). [-NESS.] The 
quality of being decorous; +seemliness, fitness 
(0bs.) ; propriety of behaviour. 

Cupwort /tell, Syst. 1. v. 874 The will of God is 
Goodness, Justice, and Wisdom; or Decorousness, Fitness. 


Bks, Ser. u. 224 A treatise of 
losophic statement and decorous 


107 


1834 CampseLt Life Mrs. Siddons 11. iii. 72 The decorous- 
ness of the national character. 

+ Deco'rporate, v. Os. [Dz- Il. 1 + L. 
corpus, corpor- body.] (See quot.) Hence De- 
corpora‘tion. 

1660 HExHAm, Oxtlijven, to Decorporate, Kill or make 
Bodylesse .. ee Ontlijvinge, a Decorporation, or a making 
Bodylesse. 

+Decorre, v. Os. Alsodecourre. [?a.OF. 
decourre, decorre ‘to runne downe, to haste or hy 
apace’ (Cotgr.):—L. décurrére to run down.] 
zntr. To run or flow away, pass or haste away. 

(But the sense of the passage quoted is uncertain.) 

1377 Lanai. P. PZ. B. xiv. 193 Of pompe and of pruyde be 
parchemyn [of bis patent] decorreth [v. ~. decourrep] And 
principalliche of alle peple, but pei be pore of herte. 

Deco'rrugative, z. [f. Dx- II. 1 + Corrv- 
GATIVE.] Tending to remove wrinkles. 

1876 M. Couurns Pen Sketches (1879) II. 175 Seeing that 
wrinkles are not unknown in these days, it might be worth 
inquiry whether bean-flower has any decorrugative effect. 

Deco'rticate, a. [ad. L. déorticat-us, pa. 
pple. of déorticare: see next.] Destitute of a 
cortex or cortical layer: sfec. applied to those 
Lichens which have no cortical layer. 

1872 LeiGuton Lichen-Klora Gt. Brit. p. xxiii. 

Lecorticate (dik itikeit), v. [f. ppl. stem 
of L. décorticare to deprive of its bark, f. Dr- I. 6 
+ cortex, cortic-em bark.] trans. To remove the 
bark, rind, or husk from; to strip of its bark. 

1611 Corvar Crudities 472 Decorticating it [hemp] or as 
we call it in Somersetshire, scaling it with their fingers. 
1620 VeNNER Via Recta v. go Wheate decorticated, and 
boyled in milke, commonly called Frumentie. 1693 P42. 
Trans. XVII. 763 Black and white Pepper .. are the same, 
only the latter is decorticated. 1727 Brapiey Mam, Dict. 
s.v. Cork, The Manner of decorticating, or taking off the 
Bark of the Cork-tree. 1860 BerkeLry Brit, uigol. 8 An 
oak-trunk. . felled and decorticated. 

b. fig. To divest of what conceals, to expose. 
ec. To ‘flay’, 

1660 WATERHOUSE Avis § Ariz. 18 Arms ought to have 
analogie and proportion to the bearer, and in a great 
Measure to decorticate his nature, station, and course of 
life. 1862 London Rev. 16 Aug. 148 It is impossible to 
‘decorticate ’ people, as the writer now and then does, with- 
out inflicting pain. . 

d. intr. To peel or come offas a skin. 

1805 Med. ¥rul. XIV. 496 The scabs will decorticate and 
peel off from the scalp. 

Hence Deco:rticated ///. a. 

1798 W. Biair Soldier's Friend 12 Decorticated oats, cut 
groats, dried peas. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. viii. (1872) 208 
A cement .. with which he had covered decorticated trees. 
1875 H.C. Woop 7%erap. (1879) 581 The decorticated seeds 
of the common barley, the pearl barley of commerce. 

Decortication (dikgutikéi-fon).  [ad. L. de- 
cortication-em, n. of action from decorticare (see 
prec.).] The action of decorticating. 

1623 CockErAM, Decortication, peeling. 1657 ToMLINSON 
Renou's Disp. 119 They do ill that extract oil out of almonds 
before decortication. 1816 KreitH Phys. Bot. Il. 482 The 
decortication of a tree, or the stripping it of its bark. 


Decorticator (dékjtike'tax). [agent-n. in L. 
form from déorticare to DECORTICATE: see -oR.] 
He who or that which decorticates ; a machine, 
tool, or instrnment for decortication. 

1874 Knicut in Dict. Mech. 

Decorum (diko-rim). [a. L. decorum that 
which is seemly, propriety; subst. use of neuter 
sing. of decor-us adj. seemly, fitting, proper. So 
mod.F. décorumt (since 16th c.).] 

1. That which is proper, suitable, seemly, be- 
fitting, becoming ; fitness, propriety, congruity. 

+a. esp. in dramatic, literary, or artistic composi- 
tion: That which is proper to a personage, place, 
time, or subject in question, or to the nature, unity, 
or harmony of the composition ; fitness, congruity, 
keeping. Ods, 

@ 1568 Ascuam Scholent. (Arb.) 139 Who soeuer hath bene 
diligent to read aduisedlie ouer, Terence, Seneca, Virgil, 
Horace. .he shall easelie perceiue, what is fitte and decorzme 
in euerieone. 1576 Foxe A, § AZ. 990/r, I. . lay all the wyte 
in maister More, the authour and contriuer of this Poeticall 
booke, for not kepyng Decorum personx, as a perfect Poet 
should haue done. /ézd., Some wyll thinke..maister More 
to haue missed some part of his Decorum in makyng the 
euill spirite..to be messenger betwene middle earth and 
Purgatory. 16zx Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii. vi. iv, If that 
Decorum of time and place..be observed. 1644 Mitton 
Educ, Wks. 1738 I. 140 What the Laws are of a true Epic 
Poem, what of a Dramatic, what of a Lyric, what Decorum 
is, which is the grand master-piece to observe. 1686 AGLI- 
onBy Painting /ilust. ii. 67 Simon Sanese began to under- 
stand the Decorum of Composition. /did. iii. 119 The 
second part of Invention is Decorum; that is, that there be 
nothing Absurd nor Discordant in the Piece. 1704 HEARNE 
Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 132 Neither is a just Decorum always 
obsery’d, for he sometimes makes Blockheads and Bar- 
barians talk like Philosophers, 1756 J. Waxron Ess. Pope 
I. i. 5 Complaints. .[which] when uttered by the inhabitants 
of Greece, have a decorum and consistency, which they 
totally lose in the character of a British shepherd. 

b. That which is proper to the character, posi- 
ion, rank, or dignity of a real person. arch. 

1589 Purrennam Zug. Poesie ut. xxiv. (Arb.) 303 Our 
soueraign Lady (keeping alwaies the decorum of a Princely 
person) at her first comming to the crowne, etc. 1594 J. 


DECOUPLE. 


Dickenson A rvisbas (1878)87 The minde of man degenerating 
from the decorum of humanitie becomes monstrous. 1 
Suaks. Ant. § Ci. v. ii. 17 Maiesty to keepe decorum, must 
No lesse begge then a Kingdome. 1683 Cave Ecclesiastici, 
Athanasius 171 He was a Prince of a lofty Mind, careful to 
preserve the Decorum of State and Empire. @1715 BurNET 
Own Time (1766) 1. 130 He..did not always observe the 
decorum of his post. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 180 It 
was necessary to the degorum of her character that she 
should admonish her erring children. 

e. That which is proper to the circumstances or 
requirements of the case; seemliness, propriety, 
fitness; = DECENCY I. arch. 

1586 ‘lI’. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad.1.171 A waie how to 
frame all things according to that which is decent or seemely, 
which the Latines call decorum, 1598 J. Dickenson Greene 
in Conc. (1878) 147 She deemd it no decorum to blemish her 
yet-during pleasures with pot auailing sorrow. 1677 GALE 
Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 19 Temperance formally consistes in 
giving al persons and things their just decorum and measure. 
1809 Maruias in Gray's Corr. (1843) 16 There was a peculiar 
propriety and decorum in his manner of reading. 1858 
Trencu Parables (1860) 126 They argue that it is against 
the decorum of the Divine teaching, that, etc. 

2. Qualities which result from sense 1: +a. 
Beauty arising from fitness, or from absence of the 
incongruous ; comeliness ; grace; gracefulness. 

1613 R. C. Zable Alps. (ed. 3), Decorum, comelinesse. 
1618 DEKKER Owdes Alinanacke, A coloured cloute will set 
the stampe of decorum on a rotten partition. 1635 SWAN 
Spec. M. vii. § 3 (1643) 320 To shew the due decorum and 
comely beauty of the worlds brave structure. 1729 SHEL- 
vockEA rtillery Vv. 334 The Decorum and Gracefulness of any 
Pile, the making the whole Aspect of a Fabric so correct. 

+b. Orderly condition, orderliness. Ods. 

1610 Hearey St. Aug. Citie of God xi. xxv. 442 Whose 
wisedome reacheth from end to end, ordering all in a delicate 
decorum, Ibid. xxi. xxiv. 847 And brings the potentiall 
formes into such actuall decorum. 1684 T. Burnet 7h. 
arth 1. 132 The first orders of things are more perfect and 
regular, and this decorum seems to be observ’d afterwards. 

+e. Orderly and grave array. Ods. 

1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. (1638) 238 In this Decorum 
they march slowly, and with great silence [at a funeral]. 

3. Propriety of behaviour; what is fitting or 
proper in behaviour or demeanour, what is in 
accordance with the standard of good breeding ; 
the avoidance of anything unseemly or offensive in 
manner. 

1572 tr. Buchanan's Detect. Mary M iija, To obserue 
decorum and comely conuenience in hir pairt..sche counter- 
feiteth amourning. @ 1628 F. Grevitie Sédvey (1652) 93 She 
resolved to keep within the Decorum of her sex. 1668 
Drypden Evening’s Love Epil. 19 Where nothing must 
decorum shock. 1704 F. Futter A/ed. Gym, (1711) 143, 
1 can’t see any breach of Decorum, if a Lady .. should ride 
on Horse-back. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom. Forest iii, The 
lady-abbess was a woman of rigid decorum and severe de- 
votion. 1803 Jed, Frul. YX. 442 A spirit of levity and 
wrangling, wholly inconsistent with the grave decorum due 
to the investigation and decision of a philosophical subject. 
1814 JANE AusTeN Mansf. Park (1851) 81 My father .. 
would never wish his grown-up daughters to be acting 
plays. His sense of decorum is strict. 1866 G. MacponaLp 
Ann. Q. Neighb, xxvii. (1878) 475 If the mothers.. are 
shocked at the want of decorum in my friend Judy. 

4. (with a.and Z/.) +a. A fitting or appropriate 
act. Ods. 

1601 A. C. Ausw. to Let. Fesuited Gent. 114 (Stanf.) It 
had bin a decorum in them, to have shewd themselves thank- 
ful unto such kind office. 1692 Drypen St. Evremont's 
Ess. 372 The Laugh, the Speech, the Action, accompanied 
with Agreements and Decorums. 1717 BerKELEY Jour 
Ltaly 21 Jan. Wks. 1871 1V. 532 The tragedy of Caligula, 
where, amongst other decorums, Harlequin .. was very 
familiar with the Emperor himself. 

b. An act or requirement of polite behaviour ; 
a decorous observance ; chiefly in g/., proprieties. 

1601 R. Jounson Avngd. & Commi. (1603) 245 The Spanish 
nation. .using a certaine decorum (which they call an obey- 
sance or..a compliment or cerimonious curtesie). 1676 
Wycuercey P?. Dealer. i, Tell not me. .of your Decoruns, 
supercilious Forms, and slavish Ceremonies. 1706 Estcourt 
Fair Examp.1.i, My Lady Stately longs to see you, had 
paid you a Visit but for the Decorums: She expects the 
first from you. 1 Go.psm. Vic. W. xxx, No decorums 
could restrain the impatience of his blushing mistress to be 
forgiven. 1865 Merivace Rom. Emp. VIII. xvi. 202 The 
dignity of his military character was hedged round by 
formalities and decorums. 

Decoun, obs. form of DEAcon. 

+ Decou'nt, v. Ods. rave. [f. De- + Count v.: 
cf. depict, describe.] trans. To set down in a 
reckoning or account ; to reckon. 

1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. V. 23 He was afterwards 
decounted a denizen, and the correspondent duties were 
required of him, 

+Decou'ple, v. Obs. rvave—'. [a. F. dé- 
couple-r to uncouple : see Dz- I. 6.] To uncouple. 

1602 21d Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 1. v.(Arb.) 32 Another 
company of houndes..had their couples cast off and we 
might heare the Huntsmen cry, horse, decouple, Auant. 

|| Découplé. er. “[F.; see prec.] (See 
quots.) 

3727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Decoupié, in heraldry, the same 
as uncoupled, i,e, parted, or severed. Thus, a chevron 
decouplé is a chevron wanting so much towards the point, 
that the two ends stand at a distance from each other. 1830 
in Rosson Brit. Herald. 

Decoure, Decourre, var. DEcORE, DECORRE. 

|| Decours. Her. [F.: see next] = DEcREMENT Ic. 

1727-51 in CuamBers Cycl., A soon-decressant or en 


cours. 
14*-2 


DECOURSE, 


+ Decou'rse. Ods. [a. F. décours (12th c.) = 
L. décurs-um a running down, f. décurrére to run 
down: cf. Decurse and Course.] Downward 
course, descent. Also fig. 

1585 ‘I’, Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's ws Turkie w. xx. 
134 b, The Euphrates. .in the channell and decourse whereof 
are founde many pretious stones. 1597 J. Kixc On Yonas 
(1618) 213 In the decourse of many generations. 

+ Decow'rt, v. Ods. [f. Dz- II. 2+ Court sé.] 
trans, To expel or banish from court. : 

cx6x0 Sir J. Mervi. Mem. (1683) 198 He was accused... 
and..for a time decourted. 1633 T. Apams Exf. 2 Peter 
ii. 4 If the king’s favourite be forever decourted and banished, 
1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's A utobiog. xii. (1848) 462 Middle- 
ton is thus decourted and all his places taken from him. 

+ Deco-vered, #//. a. Obs. [f. De- II. 1 + 
CoveERrED: cf. F. découvert.] Uncovered. 

1658 J. Wess tr. C/eofatra vii. ii. 19 His face remained 
almost quite decovered. : 

+ Decory, s/.1 Ods. [Derivation and history un- 
known] A game of cards played in the sixteenth 
and beginning of the seventeenth century. 

c1550 Diceplay C viij a, Primero now as it hath most 
use in courts, so is there most deceit in it... At trump, saint, 
& such other like, cutting at y® neck is a good uantage so 
is cutting by a bum card (finely) vnder & ouer..At decoy, 
they drawe easily xx handes together, and play all vpon 
assurance when to win or lose. 1591 Greene Disc. Coos- 
nage (1592) 4 Ile play at mumchance, or decoy, he shal 
shuffle the cards, and ile cut. 1608-9 Decker Belman 
Lond. F iij (N.), Cardes are fetcht, and mumchance or 
decoy is the game. 

Decoy (d/koi'), 54.2, Also 7 decoye, dequoy, 
de quoi, duckquoy, 7-8 duckoy, duck-coy, 
duccoy. [Vecoy, in all its senses (exc. 4a) and 
combinations, was preceded by a simple form Coy 
sb. (known in 1621), a. Du. dood of the same mean- 
ing. Thus senses 1 and 3 are identical with 1 and 
3 of Coy; sense 2 is a fig. use of 1; 4 b. and § are 
closely related to 3. The combinations decoy-bird, 
-dog, -duck, -man, etc., were preceded generally by 
the forms coy-bird, -dog, -duck, -man, etc. It is 
thus evident that de-coy is a derivative, compound, 
or extension, of Coy sé.; but the origin of the de- 
is undetermined. 

It has been variously conjectured to be the prefix De-, the 
Dutch article in de koot ‘the coy’ or ‘decoy’, the second 
half of Du. eende in eende-kooi ‘ duck-coy', and an obscura- 
tion of duck itself in duck-coy, which is indeed found in the 
17th c., and (what is notable) not merely as the sb., but as 
the vb. (see below). Yet we do not find it as the earlier 


| To cut my throat for pillage. 


108 
manner in which the thus played with the fears of 
the wild herd [of elephants 

4. Applied to a person : 
+a. A swindler, sharper; an impostor or ‘ shark’ 
wholives by his wits at the expense of his dupes. Ods. 
(It is, from the early date and sense, very doubtful if this 
belongs to this word. In the ‘character’ by Brathwait (quot. 
1631), there is no reference explicit or implicit to the action of 
adecoy-duck. It rather s as if this were a slang term 
already in use when coys and coy-ducks were introduced into 
England, and as if coy-duck were changed into decoy-duck 
with allusion to this.) 


DECREASE. 
Broad district with which we had not made ourselves 
uainted, 


duck (dikoi‘dv:k). [f. Drcoy sé. + 
Duck. Cf. Du. hooicend in same sense.] 
1. A duck trained to decoy its fellows. 
1651 C. Watker Hist. Independ. 11. 34 These. .are re- 


are kept in the decoy, and 
cver they. Ware aadadls fons the decoy-man, 

2. fig. A person who entices another into danger 
or mischief. 

1625 FLETCHER — Waid ww. ii, You are worse than 


carriers, oyes, Bum-bayliffes, d d Pur- 
seuants, Botchers..and a rabble such stin ly com- 
ions. 1 J. Taytor (Water P.) Wks. 1. 71/1 To 


Decoy-puck 2. 

1638 Forp Lady's Trial v. i, I foster a decoy here [his 
niece, a strumpet]; And she trowls on her ragged customer, 
1656 Ear, Mono. Adv. /r. 
Parnass. 186 These were the true de quois, or call-ducks, 
which ticed in the scum of the city. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety 
xviii. P 5 To lead captive silly women, and make them the 
duck-coys to their whole family. 1744 BerkeLry Siris § 108 
Some tough dram-drinker, set up as the devil's decoy, to 
draw in proselytes. 1843 Dickens Mart. Chus. xli, I want 
you, besides, to act asa aacay in a case I have already told 
you of, 1849 James Woodman xxxii, [have the pretty decoy [a 
girl) in my own hand, I can whistle either bird back to the lure. 

5. Anything employed to allure and entice, 
especially into a trap ; an enticement, bait, trap. 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. i. iii. § 24 Intending onely a short 
Essay, and to be (let me call it) an honest Decoy, by 
entering on this subject, to draw others into the com- 
pleating thereof. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 1. 178 She 
that makes her Pretences to Religion a Decoy to catch the 
World. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. India & P. 45 Antilopes, not 
to be taken but by a Decoy made of Green | Sere wherein 
a Man hides himself. 170§ HickeRINGILt Priest-cr. (1721) I. 
27 [By] the Duckoy of a Wedding .. trepan’d to Death and 
Murther'd. 1865 Luspock Preh. Times pen pipe ante A de- 
coy roughly representing the head and antlers of a reindeer 
has been put up. 1883 A. K. Green Hand & Ring xx, The 
note had tees sent as a decoy by the detective. 

6. attrib. and Comb., as decoy-bird, -dog, -goose, 


-place; decoy-man, decoyman, one whose busi- 


| ness it is to attend to a decoy for wildfowl. 


form, which suggests that it is really a later spelling of | 


popular etymology. The likelihood that decoy is the Du. 
de kooi has been forcibly urged by C. Stoffel in Englische 
Studien X. (1887) 180. But direct evidence is wanting. And, 
since Decoy sé.! appears to be an entirely distinct word, 
being much older in the language than either this word or coy 
itself, and was probably still in use when cey was introduced 
from Dutch, it is possible that the latter was made into 
de-coy under the influence of that earlier word. It is to be 
noted also that the sense ‘sharper’, 4a below, actually 
appears earlier than any other, literal or figurative, and may 
possibly not be a sense of this word at all, but an indepen- 
dent and earlier cant or slang term; if so, it may also have 
influenced the change of coy to decoy.) 

1. A pond or pool out of which run narrow arms 
or ‘pipes’ covered with network or other contri- 
vances into which wild ducks or other fowl may 
be allured and there caught. 

1625 [see Decoy-puck 2]. [1626-4z SpeLMAN in Payne- 
Gallwey Bk. Duck Decoys (1886) 2 Sir W. Wodehouse 
(who lived in the reign of James I., 1603-25) made among 
us the first device for catching Ducks, known by the foreign 
name of a koye.} ~~ Evetyn Diary 19 Sept., We arrived 
at Dort, passing by the Decoys, where they catch innumer- 
able quantities of fowle. 1665 — Mar., His Majestie 
was now eg the Decoy in the Parke. 1676 Wortipcr: 
Bees (1678) 23 Allured .. as Ducks by Dequoys. 1678 Ray 
Willughby's Ornith, (1680) 286 Piscinas hasce cum allecta- 
tricibus et reliquo suo apparatu Decoys seu_Duck-coys 
vocant, allectatrices pool on 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money 
Chas, LI & Fas, [1 (Camden) 82 A kennell for the dogs, and 
a new ducquoy in the park. 1714 Flying-Post 4-7 Dec., 
Keeper of New Forest in Hampshire, and of the Duckoy 
there. 1750 R. Pocockr 7vav. (1888) 94 The duckoy close to 
the Fleet, where the swans. . b: as wellas wildfowl. 1839 
Stonenouse A xholme 68 The decoy has superseded all those 
ancient methods of taking water fowl. 1846 MeCuttocn 
Acc, Brit. Empire (1854) 1.179 Decoys for the taking of wild 
ducks, teal, widgeons, etc. were..at one time, very common 
in the fens; but a few only exist at present. 1886 Payne. 
Gatiwey Bk, Duck Decoys 17 A Decoy is a cunning and 
clever combination of water, nets, and screens, by means of 
which wildfowl, such as Wigeon, Mallard, and Teal, are 
caught alive, 

2. fig. A es into which persons are enticed to 
the profit of the keeper. 

1678 Otway Friendship in F. 1. i. (R.), You who keep 
a general decoy here for fools and coxcombs {a brothel). 
@ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) 1. 197 The place was cu 
with an evil name, And that name was‘ The Devil's Decoy!’ 

3. A bird (or other animal) trained to lure or 
entice others (usually of its species) into a trap. 

1661 //umane Industry 170 Wilde Ducks, that are tamed 
and made Decoyes, to intice and betray their fellows. 1663 
Cowtey Verses § Ess. (1669) 132 Man is to man..a 
treacherous Decoy, and a rapacious Vulture. 1774 GoipsM. 
Nat. Hist. (1862) 11. vu. xii. 235 A number of wild ducks 
made tame, which are called decoys. 1859 TENNENT 
Ceylon II. vin. v. 366 A display of dry humour in the 


| at some distance several decoy-geese. 


1643 Soveraigne Salve 39 Some dequoy indulgence may 

Le used towards them to draw others, till all be in [their] 
wer. 1711 KinG tr. Maude's Refined Pol. v. 195 The 

Bird-catchers, to succeed in their sport, make use of decoy 
birds. 1278 Epit. in Birm. Weekly Post 17 Jan. (1891) 11/1 
Andrew Williams .. lived under the Aston famnily as Decoy- 
man 60 years. 1778 Sportsman's Dict., Decoy-duck.. by 
her allurement draws [wild ones] into the decoy- lace. 1799 
W. Tooke liew Russ. Emp, W11. 83 The Ostiaks ++ placed 
1839 STONEHOUSE 
A xholme 68 Screens, formed of reeds, are set up..to prevent 
the possibility of the fowl seeing the decoy man. /did. 
‘The decoy birds resort to..the mouth of the pipes, followed 
by the young wild fowl. 1883G.C. Davies Norfolk Broads 
xxii. (1884) 164 The decoy-dog .. was a retriever of reddish 
colour. 1887 Daily News 21 Nov. 2/8 The prisoner had 
used his shop as a decoy place for poor little girls, 

Decoy (d/koi:), v. [See prec. 

The vb. is considerably later than the sb., and its earliest 
examples are spelt duckoy; it was evidently formed directly 
from the sb., of which it reflects the contemporary varieties 
of spelling.] 5 

1. ¢rans. To allure or entice (wildfowl or other 
animals) into a snare or place of capture: said 
usually when this is done by, or with the aid of, 
another animal trained to the work. 

1671 Phil. Trans. V1. 3093 The Wild Elephants are by the 
tame Females of the same kind as ‘twere duckoy’d into 
a lodge with trap-doors. “7 Dampter Voy. 1, 168 Their 
Hogs. .at night come in. . are put up in their Crauls or 
Pens, and yet some turn wild, which neverth are often 
decoyed in by the other. 1735 Sfortsman's Dict., Decoy- 


| birds .. are usually kept in a cage and from thence decoy 
| birds into the nets, 1788 Reww Act. Powers in. 1. iv. 565 


The arts they use..to decoy hawks and other enemies, 
1835 W. Irvine Tour Prairies 170 A black horse on the 
Brasis. .being decoyed under a tree by atame mare. 1845 
Yarrecu Hist. Birds (ed. 2) 111. 266 The outer side. .is the 
one on which the person walks who is decoying the fowl. 

2. To entice or allure (persons) by the use of 
cunning and deceitful attractions, zw/o a place or 
situation, away, out, from a situation, 40 do some- 
thing. 

1660 Hickerincitt Yamaica Pref, (1661) A ij b, To allure 
and Duckoy the aoe world. a 1674 CLarENnpon Hist, 
am xt. (1888) § 195 Rolph answered, that the King might 


d from ..and then he might easily be 
spatch 1709 Steete Zatler No. 59 P 1 may 
not be di in by the soft Allurement of a Fine Lady. 


1774 Goipsm. Nat. //ist. (1776) 11. 261 Two of whom the 


mariners d on ship-board. 1776 Apam Smirn WW, NV. 
uw. v. 1. 365 [1 ] may sometimes decoy a customer 
to bay want he no occasion for. 1833 Hr. Martineau 
Fr, Wines iv. 63 They would not be peer oy 
a false alarm. _ Barinc-Goutp Werewolves vi. 81 This 
wretched man had decoyed children into his shop. 

Hence Decoy‘er, Decoy’ing v//. si. 


1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxii. (1 162 Decoy- 
ing was the only item of the wild life still po Pos in the 


Pp g ‘ will be drawn into the net by this 
decoy-duck, this tame cheater. 1688 SuHapwet. Sgr. Alsatia 
Dram. Persona, Shamwell .. being ruined by , is 
made a decoy-duck for others. Daily News 11 July 
3/1 At Monte Carlo..he was employed as a decoy duck. 

Decrassify, v. rare. [f. De-II.1 +L. crass- 
us thick, gross +-FY.] ‘vans. To divest of what is 
crass, gross, or material. 

1855 Browntnc Bf. BZ "s Apol. Wks. IV. . 
I hear you recommend, I might at least Elimi ify 
my faith. 1885 CoupLanp Spirit Goethe's Faust vi. 202 Our 
attempt to decrassify this symbol, to see in it the wonderful 
power of the creative human brain. 

Decrease (d/kri's, di*kris), s+. Forms: 4 de- 
crees, 4~7 discrease, 5 decresse, 6- decrease. 
[a. OF. decrets, descreis (later des-, de-crois, now 
décrott), verbal sb. f. stem of de-, descrets-tre 
(de(s)creiss-ant) to DECREASE.] 

The process of growing less ; lessening, diminu- 
tion, falling off, abatement ; the condition which 
results from this. (Opposed to INCREASE sé.) 

1383 Gower Conf. III. 154 That none honour fall in 
decrees [v.7. discrease]. 1488-9 Act 4 Hen VII, c. 1 To 
decresse and destruccion of your lyvelode. 1555 Even 
Decades 119 They see the seas by increase and decrease to 
flowe and reflowe. 1665 Perys Diary 28 Nov., Soon as we 
know how the plague goes this week, which we hope will 
be a good decrease. 1674 Prayrorp Skill Mus. 1. vii. 24 
Notes of Diminution or . 31742 Younc Nt. Th. v. 
717 While man is growing, life is in decrease. Green 
Short Hist. iv. § 2. 168 The steady decrease in the number of 
the greater nobles. 

+ b. spec. The wane of the moon. Oés. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 626 Such Fruits..you must gather 
. when the Moon is under the Earth, andin decrease. 1661 
Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 29 The same taken in the de- 
crease of the moon.. helpeth the fits of quartans. 1746 
Hervey Medit. (1818) The moon in her decrease pre- 
vents the dawn. : 

Decrease (dikri's), v. Forms: a. 4-5 dis- 
crese, 5 discrease, -creace, dyscres, -crece, 6 
discresse, dyscrease; 8. 4-5 decreesse, 4-6 de- 
crese, 5 -crece, -creace, 5—6 -cresse, 6 Sc. dicres, 
6- decrease. [f. OF. de-, descreiss-, ppl. stem of 
descretstre (later descrotstre (Cotgr. 1611), now 
décroitre) = Pr. descreisser, Cat. descrexer, Sp. 
descrecer, \t. discre'scere, which took in Romanic 
the place of L. décréscére, f. dé- down + créscére to 
grow: see Dr- I. 6. Under the influence of the 
L., decreistre was an occasional variant in OF., 
and under the same influence, de-crese, found beside 
descrese in ME., eventually su ed it, An 
AngloFr. decresser, influenced by . decrese or L, 
decresceré, is found in the Statutes of Hen. VI.] 

1. intr. To grow less (in amount, im nce; 
influence, etc.) ; to lessen, diminish, fall off, shrink, 
abate. (Opposed to INCREASE 7.) 

a. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 189 Knowend how that the feith 
discreseth. axzqo00 Cov. Myst. (1841) 224 Dare for wylle 
sone dyscres. 1490 Caxton Enmeydos Prol. 2 mone 
euler wauerynge, wexynge one season and waneth & dys- 
creaseth another season. 1526 SkeLton Magny/. 2545 Now 
ebbe, now flowe, nowe increase, nowe ———— 1530 
Patsor. 518/2, I discresse, I lasse or dymynysshe. 

B. 1382 Wycuir Gen. viii. 5 watres 3eden and decrees- 
seden [1388 decresiden] vnto the tenthe moneth. c 
Mavunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 23 to 
1483 Cath. Angl. i 

1, 


1530 Pavsor. decrease, 
INDALE Yok iii. 
Suaks. Per. 1. ii. 85 Tyrants’ fears 


awaye. 1534 

pena bu Semin han the 776 Gipson 
not, but than the years. © 

Decl. & F. ii 836) 1. The number of citizens ual 

ppeccae ai ‘see Memos More Worlds iw. 28 The cone, 

perature .. decreases as we rise in the atmosphere. 

2. trans. To cause to grow less; to lessen, 

par Chron, ii, F his brother 

€ ARDING xvi. vii, For couetyse 

to x Mirr. Mag., Cordila x\v, He first 

decreast my wealth. 1 Suakxs. Zam. Shrew u. 119 

ich I haue bettered rather then 


decreast.” ‘r6qt Life Father Sarpi (1676) 60 Vet the Father 
it. 1651 Life Fat: a 

knew very well that age strength. c1718 Prior 
An Epitaph 42 Nor cherish'd they relations poor, 
might decrease their —— store. Mut in Even. 
Star 10 July, That did not decrease in the least the hun- 
dreds of miles which London was distant from Edin! 

Hence Decrea‘sing vi/. sb. and ffi. a., 
creasingly adv. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vin. ii (r498) 298 In the 
whyche waters..it makyth encreas: ; decresynge. 
1591 Percivau Sp. Dict., Descreciwlento, decreasing. mo oe 

LETCHER Isl. 1x. 1. 134 Which yet increases more 
with the decreasing day. po Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 277 
[Quakers] hold. aia faption with water to an 

i decreasing dispensation, 1822 Zxaminer 219/1 


DECREATION. 


Glaring on its contiguou , and singly gl 
to the foreground. Mod. Food was decreasingly scarce. 

+ Decreation (dzkri)zi:fon). Ods. [f. Dx- 1.6 
+CreEation. (In sense of ‘diminution’ décréation 
is found in 14the. F.)] The undoing of creation ; 
depriving of existence ; annihilation. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 47 As he is a creature, hee 
feares decreation. 1678 Cupwortu Jnted/. Syst. 1. i. § 37. 
45 More Reasonable..then the continual Decreation and 
Annihilation of the souls of Brutes. 

‘tor. Ods. [f. De- I. 6 + Creator, 
implying a vb. decreate: see prec.] One who un- 
creates or annihilates. 

1678 CupwortH /xted/. Syst. 1. iv. § 25. 426 Not only the 
Creator of all the other gods, but also..the Decreator of 
them. 

Decrece, obs. form of DECREASE. 

Decree (dikrz*), sd. Also 4-6 decre. [a. 
OF. decré, var. of decret (in pl. decrez, decres) =Pr. 
decret, Sp., It. decreto, ad. L. décrétum, subst. use 
of neuter of décrétus, pa. pple. of décernérve to 
decree: see DECERN.] 

1. An ordinance or edict set forth by the civil or 
other authority ; an authoritative decision having 
the force of law. 

c1325 Z. E. Aliit. P. B. 1745 Pen watz demed a de-cre bi 
al uk seluen. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 122 At 

mdon pei wer atteynt, decre was mad for pate. 1483 
Cath. Angl. 92 A Decree, decretum. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 
Iv. i. sige thers is no force in the decrees of Venice. 1637 
(title), A Decree of the Starre-Chamber concerning Printing. 
1697 DrypeN Virg. Georg. 11.7 ‘Vhe dire Decrees Of hard 
Euristheus. 1 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre'’s Stud. Nat. 
(1799) III. 639 ‘The Constituent Assembly. . abolished, by it’s 
decree of September 1791, the justice which it had done to 
persons of colour in the Antilles. 182 J. Q. Apams in C. 
Davies Metr. Syst. 11. (1871) 140 This report was sanctioned 
by a decree of the assembly, ie Tennyson 70 the Queen 
ix, To take Occasion by the hand, and make The bounds of 
freedom wider yet By shaping some august decree. 

Jig. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. ii. 20 The braine may 
deuise lawes for the blood, but a hot temper leapes ore 
a colde decree. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 289 Whether 
by Nature’s Curse, Or Fate’s Decree. 

2. Zccl. An edict or law of an ecclesiastical 
council, usually one settling some disputed or 
doubtful point of doctrine or discipline; in Z/. the 
collection of such laws and decisions, forming part 
of the canon law. (Cf. DECRETAL.) 

1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 4640 Hyt ys forbode hym, 
yn pe decre, Myracles for to make or se. 1377 Lanc. ?. 
Pi. B. xv. 373 Doctoures of decres and of diuinite Maistres. 
*393 Gower Conf. I. 257 The pope.:hath made and yove 
the decre. 1531 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 95 
Master Morgan Johns, bachelor of decrees. 1564 (¢i¢/c), 
A godly and necessarie Admonition of the Decrees and 
Canons of the Counsel of Trent. 1691 Woop Ath. O-ron. 1. 
20 He was .. admitted to the extraordinary reading of any 
Book of the Decretals, that is to the degree of Bach. of 
Decrees, which some call the Canon Law. 1726 Ay.irre 
Parergon p. xxxvii, A Decree is an Ordinance which is 
enacted by the Pope himself, by and with the advice of his 
Cardinals in Council assembled, without being consulted by 
any one thereon. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 189/1 The king 
and the queen-mother promised..that they would accept 
the decrees of the Council [of Trent]. 1893, P. T. Forsytu 
in Faith § Criticism 106 If that infallibility be carried 
beyond Himself..there is no logical halting-place till we 
arrive at the Vatican Decrees. 

3. Theol. One of the eternal purposes of God 
whereby events are foreordained. 

1570. B. Gooce Pop. Kingd. 1. (1880) x All the Deuils 
deepe in hell, at his decrees doe quake. 1648 Assembly's 
Larger Catech. Q. 12 God’s Decrees are the wise, free, and 
holy acts of the counsel of his will, whereby from all eternity, 
he hath, for his own glory, unchangeably fore-ordained what- 
soever comes to passe in time. a@xgret Ken Hymnariunt 
Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 108 Her Conscience tells her God’s 
Decree Full option gave, and made her free. 1860 Mor.ey 
Netheri. (1868) I. i. 4 Philip stood enfeoffed, by divine decree, 
of .. possessions far and near. 

4. Law. A judicial decision. In various specific 
uses: a Rom. Law. A decision given by the 
emperor on a question brought before him judi- 
cially. 

1776-81 Gisson Decl. § F. xliv, The rescripts of the 
emperor, his grants and decrees, his edicts and pragmatic 
sanctions, were subscribed in purple ink. 1880 MuirHeap 
Gaius 1. § 5 An imperial constitution is what the emperor 
has established by decree, edict, or letter. It has never 
— disputed that such a constitution has the full force of 
alex. 

b. Eng. Law, The judgement of a court of 
equity, or of the Court of Admiralty, Probate, and 
Divorce. But since the Judicature Act of 1873-5, 
the term ‘judgement’ is applied to the decisions 
of courts having both common law and equity 
powers, 

Decree is still used in Admiralty cases. In Divorce cases, 
a decree is an order of the Court declaring the nullity or 
dissolution of marriage, or the judicial separation of the 
parties. Decree nisi: the order made by the court for 
divorce, which remains conditional for at least six months, 
after which, znless cause to the meerenge shown, it is 
made absolute. In Ecclesiastical cases, é is a special 
form of citation of the party to the suit. 

1622 Cattis Stat. Sewers (1647) 231 A Decree is .. only 
a Sentence or Judgement in a Court of Justice, delivered or 
declared by the Judges there. 1x ol. Rec. Pr lo. 
IV. 39 But two Causes, and both by Consent, have 
brought to a Decree. 1768 Brackstone Comm. III. 451 


ye 4 . * 


109 


When all are heard, the court pronounces the decree, adjust- 
ing every point in debate according to equity and good 
conscience. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex. s.v., Courts of 
equity may adjust their decrees so as to meet different 
exigencies. .whereas courts of common law are bound down 
to a fixed and invariable form of judgment. 1873 Act 36 4 
37 Vict. c. 66 §100 In the construction of this Act..the 
several words herein-after mentioned shall have, or include, 
the meanings following ; (that is to say)..‘ Judgment’ shall 
include Decree. 1873 Puittimore Lccles. Law 1254 These 
decrees or citations are signed by the Registrar of the Court. 
1892 Geary Law of Marriage 354 A decree of judicial 
separation may be subsequently turned into a decree for 
dissolution. 1893 Barnes in Law Ref. Probate Div. 154 
‘The decree I os will be: that the crew other than the 
captain shall receive salvage according to their ratings. 
Mod. Newspr., A decree nist was pronounced. ‘The decree 
was made absolute. : ; 

e. Sc. Law. ‘The final judgement or sentence of 
a civil court, whereby the question at issue between 
the parties is decided ; strictly, a judgement which 
can be put in force by containing the executive 
words ‘ and decerns’: cf. DECERNITURE, 

Decrees are said to be condentmator or absolvitor accord- 
ing as the decision is in favour of the pursuer or the defender. 
A decree in absence is a decree pronounced against a de- 
fender who has not appeared and pleaded on the merits of 
the cause = ‘ Judgement by Default’ in English Common 
Law. Decree of Registration is a decree jictione juris of 
a court, interposed without the actual invervention of 
a judge, in virtue of the party’s consent toa decree going 
out against him. Decree arbitral: an award by one or 
more arbiters: see ArbitraL. Decree dative: see Dative. 
Decree of Locatity, Modification, and Valuation of Teinds : 
various decisions of the Teind Court. (Bell, Dict. Law 
Scot?. 1861.) Cf. earlier DecrEer 1b. 

1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 484 Before horning 
could pass on the decree of an inferior judge, the decree 
was, by our former practice, to have been judicially produced 
before the Session, and their authority interposed to it by 
a new decree. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. s.v., The 
decree issued by the Court of Session in aid of the inferior 
court decree, was called a decree conform. 1877 Mackay 
Practice Crt. Session 1. 581 ‘The term decree is now some- 
times used interchangeably with zterlocutor, though it 
might be convenient to apply the former to a final deter- 
mination by which the whole or a substantive part of the 
cause is decided, and the latter to an order pronounced in 
its course. 

Decree (d/kr7), v. Also 6 decre, decrey. 
[f. DecrEE s6.: cf. F. déeréter, f. décret.] 

1. trans. To command (something) by decree ; 
to order, appoint, or assign authoritatively, or- 
dain. 

1399 Rolls of Parit. U1. 424/1 [Their] Commissaries. , 
declared and decreed, and adjugged yowe fore to be deposed 
and pryved. .ofthe Astate of Kyng. 1538 Starkey England 
1. i, 20 No partycular mean by cyuyle ordynance decred. 
1590 Martowre Edw. //, Wks. (Rtldg.) 194/2 ‘The stately 
triumph we decreed. @ 1627 Mipp.eton A/ayor of Q. 1. il, 
Upon the plain of Salisbury A peaceful meeting they decreen. 
1637 Decree Star Chamber § 11 It is further Ordered and 
Decreed, that no Merchant, Bookseller. .shall imprint. .any 
English bookes [etc.]. @ 1718 Rowe (J.), Their father. .has 
decreed His sceptre to the younger. 1858 Froupr //ist. Eng. 
III. xii. 13 The English parliaments were..decreeing the 
dissolution of the smaller monasteries. 1876 J. H. Newman 
Hist. Sk. 1, ut. i. 309 The cities sent embassies to him, 
decreeing him public honours. 

b. fig. To ordain as by Divine appointment, or 
by fate. 

¢ 1580 C’ress Pemproke Ps, (1823) cxix. B. iii, What thou 
dost decree. 1594 Hooker Eccé, Pol. 1. ii. (1611) 4 Wherewith 
God hath eternally decreed when and how they should be. 
r6o0r Suaks. 7wel. N.1. v. 330 What is decreed, must be: and 
be this so. 1795 SoutHEY Yoan of Arc v1. 68 For Heaven 
all-just Hath seen our sufferings and decreed their end. 
1841 Lane Arad. Nts. I. 111 Give me patience, O Allah, to 
bear what Thou decreest. 

2. Law. + To pronounce judgement on (a cause), 
decide judicially (0ds.) ; to order or determine by 
a judicial decision; to adjudge; adso/. to give 
judgement in a cause. 

1530 Parser. 509/1, I shall decree it or it be to morowe 
noone. 1570 Levins 46/39 To Decree, decernere. 1621 ELSING 
Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 112 He decreed the cause 
not hearing any one wytnesse. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 
I. 469 It was decreed to be a resulting trust for the grantor. 
Ibid. V1. 489 Lord Bathurst decreed accordingly. 189 
Law Reports Weekly Notes 43/1 The Court would not 
decree specific performance of a contract of service. 

3. To decide or determine authoritatively ; to 
pronounce by decree. 

@157t JewEL Serm. Haggai i. 4 Our fathers in the 
Councill holden at Constance.. have decreed .. that, to 
minister the Communion to a lay man under both kinds, is 
an open heresie. 1651 Hoppes Leviath. 1. xxii. 116 What- 
soever that Assembly shall Decree. 1837 CartyLe /'”. Rev. 
L. v. ii, The Third Estate is decreeing that it is, was, and will 
be nothing but a National Assembly. 

tb. To decree (a person) for: to put him down 
as, pronounce him to be, Ods. rare. 

1616 Beaum. & FL. Scornful Lady w. i, Such a Coxcomb, 
such a whining Ass, as you decreed me for when I was last 


ere. - 
+4, To determine, resolve, decide (¢o do some- 


thing). Ods. or arch. 


1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 86b, Decreyinge with 
them selfe..to beare and suffre all thynges. 1599 SHaxs. 
Much Ado. iii. 35, Lhaue decreed not to sing in my cage. 
1697 DryvEen Virg. Georg. 1v..333 When thou hast decreed 
to seize their Stores. 1754 Fietpinc You. Wild w. viii, 
Here we decreed to rest and dine. 1871 R. Etis Catudlus 
viii. 17 Who decrees to live thine own 


DECREMENT. 


5. absol. or intr. To decide, determine, ordain. 

1591 Spenser Auines of Rome vi. 11 So did the Gods by 
heavenly doome decree. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. LZ. 1. ii. 111 As 
the destinies decrees. 1647-8 CoTrerELL Davila’s Hist. Fr. 
(1678) 3 Laws, decreed of in the fields [of battle]. 1667 
Mizton P. L. 111. 172 As my Eternal purpose hath decreed. 

Hence Decree'd ///. a., Decree‘ing v/. sb. and 

pl. a. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Eras. Par. Phil.ii. (R.), Suche was the 
decreed wyll of the father. 1591 Srenser Ruins of Time 35 
Bereft of both by Fates vniust decreeing. 1618 BoLton Florus 
ut. xxi. 242 Hee laboured by the law of Sulpitius to take from 
Sulla his decreed employment. 1878 SEELEY Stein II. 133 
‘The decreeing and executing Power not being combined. 

Decreeable (dékr7ab'l), a. rare. [-aBLE.] 
Capable of being decreed. 

1846 WorcESTER cites VERNON, 

T Decree'ment. Obs. [-mENT.] A decreeing, 
a decree. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1596) 5/1 These. .expresse decree- 
ments of general councels. 1601 Br. W. Bartow Defense 
197 The sole .. iudge of all writings and decreementes. 

Decreement, obs. (erron.) f. DECREMENT. 

Decreer (dikrzo1). [-Er!.] One who decrees. 

1660 H. More J/yst. God?. vi. ii. 283 The word naturally 
signifies a Commander or Decreer. 1664 — Myst. nig. 285 
A Decreer of Idolatrous practices. a 1679 T. Goopwin IVs. 
I. 111. 103 (R.), The first decreer of it. 

Decrees, decreesse, obs. forms of DECREASE. 

Decreet (dikrit), sb. Obs. or arch. Forms: 
4-5 decret, 5-7 decreit, decrete, 6- decreet. 
[a. F. décret, or ad. L. décrét-um : see DECREE s6.] 

+1. An earlier form of the word DEcREE, entirely 
Oés. in English, and in Sc. retained only as in b. 

¢ 1374 Cuavcer Boeth. 1. iv. 17 poru3 her decretz and hire 
iugementys. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. v. 172 He gert 
pame bare decrete retrete, And all tyl wndo paire sentens. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 108 b/1 Lyke as it is had in the 
decrete. 1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech, (1884) 5 Vhe decreet 
maid in our provincial counsale. 1§71 Sat. Poems Reform. 
xxviii. 78 Aganis thair Cannoun Law thay gaif decreit. 
a 1605 MontGomeriE J7isc. Poems xxxii. 10 Nane dou 
reduce the Destinies decreit. 

b. Sc. Law. =DECREE 4c. 
form in Sc. ; now ay.) 

1491 Sc. Acts Yas. [V (1597) § 30 Within twentie daies 
after the decreet of the deliuerance be given there vpon. 
1584 Sc. Acts Fas. V1 (1597) § 139 All decreetes giuen be 
quhatsumeuer Judges. 1609 SKENE Keg. J/a/. 21 The effect 
of ane decreit given be Arbiters is, that it sall be obeyed, 
quhither it be just or nocht. _ 17§2 in. Scots Jag. June (1753) 
287/2 He had procured a sist..against the decreet. 1812 
Cuacmers Let. in Life (1851) I. 272 The only effect of this 
decreet of the Court of Teinds. 1824 Sco1r Redgauntlet 
ch. ii, It went .. just like a decreet in absence. 1833 Act 
3-4 Will, IV, c 46 § 70 Such summary decreets and 
warrants, 

+2. A decision, determination. O/s. rare. 

€ 1400 A fol. Loll. 101 Chaunge pi decret, & do not pis 
pat pu hast vowid unwarly. c¢ 1470 Henry Wadlace vin. 
630 This decret thar wit amang thaim fand; Gyff Wallace 
wald apon him tak the croun, To gyff battaill thai suld be 
redy boun. 

+ Decreet (dikrt), 7. Ods. 
[a. F. déeréte-r, f. décret DECREE, 
15th c.] 

1. trans. To decree, order, ordain. 

¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iv. 72 He Decretyd hym bar 
Kyng to be. 1457 Sc. Acts Fas. J] (1814) I]. 48/1 It is 
decretyt & ordainyt pt wapinschawings be haldin be pe 
lords. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xlix. 
97,a/1 It is decreted by sentence dyuyne. c¢ 1565 LinpEesay 
(Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 62 It is also. .decreeted that 
all faithful men shall lay to their shoulders for expelling of 
thir common enemies. 1633 Sc. Acts Chas. / (1817) V. 42/2 
Quhat they sall decreit and determine. x 

2. To decide, determine, resolve (¢o do something). 

1582-8 Hist. F¥ames VI (1804) 138 He decrettit to pas 
hame, and to leaue the Regent's company. 

3. zntr. To pronounce a decision or judgement. 

1563 Win3eT J’ks. (1890) II. 30 Paraduentuir he. .hes 
brestit out erar of a manlie passioun, than decretit be 
heuinlie ressoun. 1597 MontcomeriE Cherrie §& Slae 1324 
Since 3e 3oursells submit To doas I decreit. 1609 SkENE 
Reg. Maj. 21 Be consent of the parties, the Arbiters may 
decreit as they please. did. 65 Arbiters..may not decreit 
vpon ane halie day. 

Hence Decree‘ted A#/. a., decreed. 

172 . Wodrow Corr. (1843) 11.558 A Decreeted Non-juror, 
1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xxx. 168 The more to pacify the 
king he showed to him. .the decreted bull. 

Decrement (dekr#mént). [ad. L. décrément- 
um, f. decré- stem of inceptive déré-sc-re to Dx- 
CREASE ; see -MENT.] 

1. The process or fact of decreasing or growing 
gradually less, or (with Z/.) an instance of this ; 
decrease, diminution, lessening, waste, loss. (Op- 
posed to zxcrenrent.) 

1621 Mountacu Diatribe 310 The decrements of the 


(The vernacular 


Forms: see prec. 


Only Sc. after 


First-fruits. 1631 Bratuwair Whimsies 93 Hee would 
finde his decr reat, his inc s small: his receits 
come farre short of his disbursements. 1660 BoyLe New 


Exp. Phys. Mech, xxi, 151 The greater decrement of the 
pressure of the Air. 1695 Woopwarp Wat. Hist. Earth v. 
(1723) 253 Rocks. .suffer a continual Decrement, and grow 
lower and lower. 1774 J. Bryant Mythology I. 339 Asociety 
..where there is.a continual decrement. 1840 J. H. Green 
Vital Dynamics 81 Signs of the decrement of vital energy. 
th. sfec. Bodily decay, wasting away. -Ods. - 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.-v1. iv. 289 Our decrement 

accelerates, we set.apace, and in our last dayes precipitate 


_ DECREPIT. 


into our graves. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 1, v. (x79) 340 
There isa t or Decay both of Things and Men. 
ce. The wane (of the moon) ; oe in Heraldry. 

1610 Guituim Heraldry ui. iii. (1611) 91 Her divers de- 
nominations in Heraldrie, as her increment in her increase 
.sher di t in her ing and her detriment in her 
change’ and eclipse. 1822 T. “Taytor Apuleius 292 The 
Moon..defining the month through her increments, and 
afterwards by her equal decrements. cae 

da. Decrement of life: in the doctrine of annuities 
and tables of mortality: The (annual) decrease of 
a given number of persons by death. 

1952 Phil. Trans. XLVII. liii. 335 The decrements of life 
may be esteemed nearly equal, after a certain age. 1 
Brakenrince ibid. XLIX. 180 It will be easy to form a table 
of the decrements of life. 185: Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil. 
u. vi. 178 The decrement of life, or the law of mortality. 

e. Crystallography. * A successive diminution of 
the layers of molecules, applied to the faces of the 
primitive form, by which the secondary forms are 
supposed to be produced’ (Webster). 

1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 146 The decre- 
ments on the edges concur with those in the angles to pro- 
duce the same crystalline form. 1823 H. J. Brooke /xtrod. 
Crystallogr. 18 en the additions do not cover the whole 
surface of a primary form, but there are rows of molecules 
omitted on the edges, or angles of the superimposed plates, 
such omission is called a decrement. 1858 BuckLe Civiliz. 
II. vii. 402 The secondary forms of all crystals are derived 
from their primary forms by a regular process of decrement. 

2. The amount lost by diminution or waste; 
spec. in Math, a small quantity by which a variable 
diminishes (¢. g. in a given small time). 

1666 Boye Orig. Formes & Qual., [What] the obtained 
powder amounts to over and above the decrement of 
weight. 1758 I. Lyons //uxious go Let Y be the decrement 
of y. 1812-6 Prayrair Nat. Phil. Ge) I. 227 The de- 
crements of heat in each second. 1846 H. Rocers /ss. (1860) 
1. 202 Admitting increase or diminution by infinitely small 
increments or decrements. 1883 Lconomist 15 Sept., If the 
unearned increment is to be appropriated by the State... 
The undeserved decrement, as perhaps it may be called, 
would surely claim compensation. 

+3. Applied to certain college expenses at Ox- 
ford: see quot. 1726. Obs. 

(1483 in Arnolde Chyon. (1811) 271 Item in decrementis, iij. 
li. vij. s’. i. d’.]_ 1726 R. Newton in Reminiscences (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) 64 Decrements, each Scholar’s proportion for 
Fuel, Candles, Salt, and other common necessaries : origin- 
ally so call’d as so much did, on these accounts, decrescere, 
or was discounted from a Scholar's Endowment. 

+ Decrepi‘dity. vare—'. [f. decrepid, variant 
of DEcrEPIT, after ¢¢midity, etc.) = DECREPI- 
TUDE. 

1760 Misc. in Ann. Reg. 190/2 Age pictured in the mind 
is decrepidity in winter, retiring in the evening to the com- 
fortable shelter of a fire-side. 

Decrepit (dikre'pit), a. (st.) Also 6 decre- 
pute, decreaped, 6-7 decrepite, -et, 7 -ate, 
7-9 decrepid, 8 decripid, -ed, decripped. [a. I’. 
décrépit (16th c.), in 15the. descrepy, ad. L. décrepit- 
us very old, decrepit, f. dé- down + crepit-, ppl. 
stem of crepare to crack, creak, rattle. The final 
-it has had many forms assimilated to pa. pples., 
adjs. in -2d, etc. 

1. Of living beings (and their attributes): Wasted 
or worn out with old age, decayed and enfeebled 
with infirmities ; old and feeble. 

1450 Henryson Praise of Age 2 Ane auld man, and de- 
crepit, hard I sing. 511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 381 
Every man .. not lame decrepute or maymed. 1550 Crow- 
Ley Inform. & Petit. 463 To sustayne theyr parents decrepet 
age. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xiv, Ixxxix. 361 A fourth 
farre older decrepate with age. 1689-90 Tempe Ess. 


110 


te (dikre-pitet), 2 [f. med. of 


mod.L. decrepitare, f. dé- down, away + -crepitare 
to crackle, freq. of crepare to crack. Cf. F. décré- 
piter (1690 in Hatzf.).] 


1. trans. To calcine or roast (a salt or mineral) 
until it no longer crackles in the fire. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. v. 87 And so will it 
come to passe in a pot of salt, although decrepitated, _ 
Bovie Porousn. Anim. & Solid Bod. viii. 125 A pound o' 
Dantzick Vitriol and a pound of Sea Salt, after the former 
had been very lightly calcined, and the latter decrepitated. 
1799 G. SmitH Ladoratory 1. 379 Decrepitate them, i.e. di 
them till gg Ramm in a pan, crucible, or clean fire shovel. 
3832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gi. 82 ‘The salt purified 
and decrepitated,—that is, subjected to the action of heat 
until all crackling noise has ceased. 

2. intr. Of salts and minerals: To make a 
crackling noise when suddenly heated, accompanied 
es a violent disintegration of their particles. 

‘his is owing to the sudden conversion into steam of the 
within the substance, or, as in some natural 
ion of the laminz which 


water enclo: 
minerals, to the unequal exp the 
compose them. Watts Dict. Chem. 

1677 PLor O-xfordsh. 54 Put in the fire, it presently de- 
crepitates with no less noise than salt itself, 1800 tr. 
Lagrange’s Chem. 1, 331 If transparent calcareous spar be 
exposed to a sudden heat, it decrepitates and loses its 
eines ota & 1849 Dana Geol. v. (1850) 324 note, It de- 
crepitates.. but does not fuse. 

Hence Decre‘pitated ///. a., Decre‘pitating 
vl, sb, and ppl. a. 

1662 R. Matuew Und. Alch. § 101. 165 Let thy salt 
stand meanly red til it wil crack no more, and that is called 
decrepitating. 1765 Univ. Mag. XXXVII. 84/2, I..take 
equal parts of decrepitated salt and nitre. 1819 H. Busk 
Vestriad v. 53 Decrepitating salts with fury crack. 1874 
Grove Contrib. Sc. in Corr. Phys. Forces 304 A brilliant 
combustion, attended with a decrepitating noise. i 

Decrepitation (dékrepite'jan). [n. of action 
f. DECREPITATE: see -ATION, Also mod.F. (1742 
in Hatzf.), and prob. in 16-17th c. page| The 
action of the verb DecrEPITATE; a. The calcining 
of a salt or mineral until it ceases to crackle with 
the heat. b. The crackling and disintegration of 
a salt or mineral when exposed to sudden heat. 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 142 Unless the hydro- 
pick moisture..be exhausted by flagration or decrepitation. 
1685 Phil. Trans. XV. 1061 In the decrepitation of common 


| canon laws, or decretal epistles of the 


Salt. 1827 Farapay Chem, Manip. v. 160 Decrepitation is | 


fowally occasioned by the expansion of the outer portions 
fore the interior has had time to heat. 1830 LinpLey Vat. 


Syst. Bot. 242 Said to contain nitre, a proof of whichis shewn | 


by their frequent decrepitation when thrown on the fire. 
Decrepitly (dikre'pitli), adv. [-Ly*.] Ina 
decrepit manner. 


1848 Lowett Sir Launfal u.i, And she rose up decrepitly | 


For a last dim look at earth and sea. 

+ Decre’pitness. O/s. Also 7-8 decrepid-. 
[-ness.] = DECREPITUDE. 

1601 Cornwattyes /. x, Before decrepitness and death 
catch me. 1677 Wycnertey Pl. Dealer u1. i, Wou'dst thou 


make me the Staff of thy Age, the Crutch of thy Decrepid- | 


ness? 1703 J. Savace Lett, Antients viii. 49 The Decrepid- 
ness of extream Old Age. 

Decrepitude (d/kre‘pitivd). [a. F. décrépi- 
tude (14th c.), prob. repr. a med.L. *décrepitiido, 
f. décrepitus, or on the model of similar formations : 
see -TUDE.] The state or condition of being de- 
crepit ; a state of feebleness and decay, esp. that 
due to old age. “it. and fig. 

1603 Frorio Montaigne 1. xix. (1632) 37 She .. dies in her 
decrepitude. 178% Jounson Rambler No. 151? 1'The several 
stages by which animal life makes its progress from infancy 


Health & Long Life Wks. 1731 1. 273 With o 
Diseases Strength grows decrepit. 1752 Paco Amelia 
(1775) X. 4 Poor old decrepit people, who are incapable of 
getting a livelihood by work. Biack Adv. Phaeton 
xx. 283 Some poor old pensioner, decrepit and feeble-eyed. 

B. decrepid,etc, a 1616 Beaum. & Fi. Lit. Fr. er 
1. i, shalt not find I am decrepid. 1696 Drypen Le?. 
Mrs. Stewart 1 Oct. Wks. 1800 I. 11.66 How can you be so 

‘ood to an old decrepid man? 1719 D’Urrey Pills (1872 

V. 72 Decripped old Sinners. 1820 W. Irvine Skete: 
Bk, 1, 216 A poor aan ae old woman, 1845 G. E. Day tr. 
Simon's Anim. Chem, 1. 204 An old, decrepid..animal, 

2. 7ig. of thin 

1594 Nasue Unfort. Trav. 23 ‘The decrepite Churches in 
contention beyond sea. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. 
V. xxi. 2! eT) superstitions. 1780 Burke Sf. Econ, 
Reform Wks. 111, 261 poor wasted decrepid revenue 
of the principality, 1863 D. G. Mrrcuett A/y Farm of 
Edgewood 124 The Ts apple trees are rooted up. 1878 
Lecky Lng. in 18th C, I. i. 116 The military administra- 
tions of surrounding nations were singularly di it and 
corrupt, as 

B. sb, One who is decrepit. Obs. or Jocal. 
1578 Banister Hist. Man 1, 25 In men full of dayes, and 
arrested. . 


such decrepittes as old age hath long 1887 5S, 
Cheshire Gloss., Decrippit, a cripple, lame person. 
+ pit,v. Obs—' [f. prec.] To make 


decrepit (see quot.), 

3688 R. Hotme Armoury m. 310/2 The Tying Neck and 
Heels, is a Punish of decrepi that is umming 
the Body, by drawing it all together, as it were into a 


rou 

+ Decrepitage, Decrepitancy, Ods. Irregular 
formations = DECREPITUDE, 

1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. ut. 176 Of his goodness 
and decrepitage [4onta e¢ decrepita). bid, 11. uu. 302 His 
age .. his infirmities, and decrepitancy, 


to decrepitude. 1784 Cowrer 7ask u1. 489 Praise from the 
rivel’d lips of toothless, bald Decrepitude. 1871 R. Evtis 
Catullus \xi. 161 Still when hoary — .. Nods a 
tremulous Yes toall. 1875 Merivace Gen, /ist. Rome xxv. 
(1877) 627 Paganism thus stricken down in her decrepitude 
never rose again. : 

+ Deore pity. Obs. [a. OF. décrépité (15-17th 
c. in Godef.), ad. med.L, décrepit-ds, -tatem (Du 
Cange), f. L. décrepitus.] = DECREPITUDE. 

ay Newton tr. Lemnie’s Complex. 30 a, The firste enter- 
aunce and steppe into Olde Age, which is the nexte neigh- 
boure to decrepitie and dotage. 1598 FLorio, Decrepita.. 
olde age, decrepitie. 1603 — Montaigne 1. xxix. (1632) 394 
Being demanded what his studies would stead him in his 
decrepity. 1605 Cuarman 4 // Fooles Plays 1873 I. 160 A true 
Loadstone to draw on Decrepity. 

Decrescence (dikreséns). vare. [ad. L. aé- 
créscentia decreasing, waning, f. décréscére to Dr- 
CREASE; see -ENCE, Waning state or condition. 

1872 Contemp. Rev. X. They have attained their 

of develop and, by inevitable sequence, have 
begun their decrescence. 

|| Decrescendo (dékrefendo), Mus. [It. = 
decreasing.] A musical direction indicating that 
the tone is to be gradually lessened in force or 
loudness; = DrinvEnpo, As sd.; A gradual 


diminution of loudness of tone, 
1880 Grove Dict. Mus. s.v., A decrescendo of 48 bars from 


St. 

pecrescen’ (d?kre’sént), a.and sd. Also 7-8 
decressant. [ad. L. décréscent-em, pr. 
décréscéve to DECREASE: see-ENT, For the earlier 


—. CRESCENT.] 


pple. of 


cf. 
adj. Decreasing, growing gradually less. | Keys are given to our 


DECRETAL. 


Chiefly of the moon: Waning, in her decrement ; 
in Her, represented with the horns towards the 
sinister side. In Zot. applied to organs which de- 
crease gradually from the base u 

1610 Guim Heraldry i. iii. (1660) 111 He beareth Azure, 
a Moon decressant Proper. 1674 JEAKE A7ith. 1. (1696) 30 
‘Then draw the D L lar, or Sep ix. 
Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Decrement, ‘The moon looking to F <4 
pate 3” Petal. Uh a6y ne ao 

1x PINKERTON WAIL mens, 
which p dad prog: “ , with regard to the 
size of the grain. 1872 Tennyson Gareth § Lyn. 518 Be- 
tween the and d moon. 
B. sb, The moon in her decrement or wane : used 
in Her. as a bearing. (Opposed to zncrescent.) 

1616 Buttokar, Decressant, the Moone in the last quarter. 
23620 Fertuam Resolves xxviii. (1st ed.) 88 Thus while he 
sinnes, he is a Decressant; when he ts, a Cressant. 
1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2674/4 A Cross Moline between 2 In- 
crescents and 2 Decrescents. 1851 J. B. Hume Poems, 
Glenfinlas 162 The wan decrescent’s slanting beams. 

, decresse, obs. forms of DECREASE. 
Decresion, var. of DecrETIon Ods., decrease. 
Decretal (dikr7tal), a. sd. Also 4-7 -ale, 

-all(e, (7 decreetall). [a. F. décrétal,-ale(13thc.), 
ad. L. decrétalis of or containing a , whence 
med.L. décrétales (sc. epistole) papal letters con- 
taining decrees, décrétale a decree, statute, constitu- 
tion.] A. adj. 

1. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing, 
a decree or decrees. a. Pertaining to the pore! 
decrees: see B. 1. + Decretal right: canon law. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. um. v. 175 After the decretall and 
cyuyll ryght. 1561 T. Norton Cadvin's Just. 1. vii. 43 The 
decretall epistles heaped together by Gregorie the .ix. sles 
Foxe A. & M. (1596) 5/1 Decided be certeine new decre 
or rather extradecretal and extravagant constitutions. —_ 

"168s 


Donne in Select. (1840) 18 The word inspired by the 
Ghost ; not apocryphal, not decretal, not traditional. 
Burnet Rights Princes v. 165 That impudent roxaey of 
the Decretal Epistles. 1765 Biackstone Comm. 1, 59 The 
are .. rescripts 
in the strictest sense. 1823 Lixcarp Hist. Eng. VI. 193 Cam- 
peggio had read the decretal bull to him and his minister. 
. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a decree of 

Chancery or other civil court. 

1689 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 253 Persuant to a Decretall 
order of y? Provinll. Judges. 1714 Lond. Gas. No. 5253/4 
A Decretal Order made in the High Court of Chance: 


1819 Swanston Reforts (Chancery) IIL, 238 ‘The bill cou id 
not be dismissed by motion of course. t order was de- 
cretal, and necessarily retained the cause. 1884 Weekly 


Notes 20 Dec. 242/2 Such an order is decretal only and not 
a final foreclosure judgment. 

+2. Having the force of a decree or absolute 
command, imperative. b. ¢vansf. of the person 
who commands. Oés. 

ax610 Heaey Efictetus’ Man. \xxiv. (1636) 95 To observe 
all these as decretall lawes, never to bee violated. 1610 
St. Aug. Citie of God xx1. viii. re Hopp | Gogonas Pot 

[ 


law hath God laid nm nature. J. Goopman Penit. 
Pardoned i. ii. (1713) 192 When he Almighty] .. seems 
to have been most peremptory and decretal in tis threat- 
enings. 

+3. Decisive, definitive. Ods. rare. 

1608 Carman Byron's Trag. Plays 1873 II. 319 So heer's 
a most decreetall end of — Evetyn Numism, vii. 
252 The decretal Battel at PI la. 

B. sd. 

1. Eccl. A Loe decree or decretal epistle; a 
document issued by a Pope, containing a decree 
or authoritative decision on some point of doctrine 
or ecclesiastical law, b. f/. The collection of such 
decrees, forming part of the canon law. 

c13g0 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 337, & if pe decretal ne 
were ordeynd for pis, Pe clerkes ouer alle ne rouht to do 
amys. 1377 Lact. P. Pi. B. v. 428 Ac in canoun ne in be 
decretales { can nou3te rede a lyne. 148 Caxton J/yrr. 1. 


v. 26 They .. lerne anon the lawes or decretals. c 1555 
HarrsrieLp Divorce Hen, VIII (1878) 191 That .. the Pope 
would sign a | drawn out for 1645 


Mitton Colast, Wks. (1851) 358 ‘To uphold his opinion, 
Canons, and Gregorian deccatihs 1745 tr. Dujin's Eccl. 
Hist. 17th C. 1. v.69 The Name of Decretals is particularly 
given to the Letters of the which contain Constitu- 
tions and Regulations. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ape (1841) I. 
vii. 524 Upon these spurious decretals was built the great 
fabric of supremacy over the different national 
churches, 1856 Froupr //ist. Eng. II. ix, 312 The first de- 
cretal, which was withheld Wd Campeggio, in w! had 
pronounced the iage with Catherine invalid. 1860 Lit, 
Churchman V1. 304/2 The false decretals of Isidore. 

“| The sing. was occasionally used instead of the 
fi. in sense b above. Obs. hatin, 

1531 Dial. Laws Eng. u. xxvi. (2658) 110 They 
teamed inthe jaw .. hold the d a bindet - chee eo 

ealme. 1 ‘oxe A. & A, (1 + 307 
brought forth a Decretal, a Book a; ee Wichon of homme 
Law, to bind me to answer. 

2. transf. A decree, ordinance. 

1588 Greene Perimedes 3 ‘To phlebotomie, to fomenta- 
cions, and such medicinall decretals. a 1652 J. Sur Sel. 
Dise.v,171 Which are not the Id 
of the pire nature, ye Martineau Stud. Chr. 86 A re- 


decretals of Eternity. 
+ Decretaliarch. [F.déerétaliarche} A 


Obs. 
word of Rabelais: the lord of decretals, the Pope. 


in Brount. . [from ve]. 3708 Motrevx 
R lais 1v. liv, The blessed Tisctben sf Heaven, whose 
good God and Decretaliarch, 


DECRETALINE. 


+ Decre'taline, 2. Ods. [f. DECRETAL + -INE.] 
Of or belonging to the Decretals. 

1600 O. E. Repl. Libel u. iii. 59 They haue .. receiued a 
new decretaline law, wherein they walke more curiously, 
then in the law of God, 7d. u1. iv. 90 Their decretaline 
doctrine is neither sound, nor holy. 1708 Morreux Radelais 
iv. xlix. (1737) 199 Our old Decretaline Scholiasts. 

Decretalist (d/kr7talist), [mod. f. DecreraL 
(B, 1) +-18t: ef. F. décrétaliste (14th c.), and Dr- 
CRETIST.] One versed in the Decretals. +b. One 
who holds the Calvinistic doctrine as to the decrees 
of God (cf. DEORETAL a. 2). 

1710 D. Wuitey Disc. Five Points vi. i. (1817) 400 If these 
Decretalists may take sanctuary in the fore-knowledge God 
hath of things future, the Hobbists and the Fatalists may do 
thesame, 1872 R. Jenkins in Archeol. Cant. VIII. 66 note, 
Apostacy according to the decretalists is a threefold crime. 

Decre‘tally, adv. [-ty*.] Ina decretal way, 
by way of decree. 

1621 W. Scrarer Tythes (1623) 215 Doctrinally, or rather 
decretally, its deliuered by Vrban. 1626 — Expos. 2 Thess. 
(1629) 104 When were these dogmatized and decretally 
stablished for catholique doctrine? 1716 M, Davigs A then. 
Brit. 11. To Rdr. 43 The Supream Divinity of Jesus Christ, 
as decretally Pre-existing in the Hypostatick Union. 

t+tDecre'tary. Os. [f. L. décrzt-um DecrEr 
+-ARY.] One versed in the Deecrctals. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 358b, For Evange- 
listes, cruell Canonistes, Copistes, Decretaries, 

Decrete. 1. =Drorexr 4a. [A special adapt- 
ation of L. decrétum.| 

1832 Austin Yurispr. (1879) II. xxviii. 534 The most im- 
portant .. of these special constitutions were those decretes 
and rescripts which were made by the Emperors .. a decrete 
being an order made on a regular appeal from the judgment 
of a lower tribunal. 

2. Obs. var. of DECREET. 

+ Decre‘tion. Ods. Also 7 decresion. [n. 
of action from L. décrét-, ppl. stem of décrésccre to 
DECREASE; cf. accretion, concretion. (Not used in 
L., which had a different décrétio from décerncve to 
decree.)] Decrease, diminuticn. 

1635 Swan Sfec. M. iv. § 2 (1643) 68 The clouds .. by de- 
scending make no greater augmentation then the decresion 
was in their ascending. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 73 By 
which decretion we might guess at a former increase. 

Decretist (d7kr7tist), [ad. med.L. dérétista, 
f, décrétum DECREE: see -IST. So OF. dé&rétiste 
(1499 in Godef.), earlier décrétistre (see next).] 
One versed in the Decretals; a decretalist. 

cx1400 Afol. Loll, 75 Pe decretistis, pat are Israelitis ., as 
to be part of sciens pat pey han tane of Godis lawe, & 
Egipcians, as to pe part bat bey haue of worldly wysdam. 
1656 Biounr Glossogr., Decretist, a Student, or one that 
studies the Decretals. 1726 AyLirre Parergon xx, The De- 
cretists had their Rise and Beginning, even under the Reign 
of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. 1871 VauGHAN Life 
St. Thomas 352 To attend the lectures of the decretists. 

+ Decreti‘stre. Ods. [a. OF. décrétisire (13th 
c. in Littré), ad. med.L. décrétista: see -ISTRE: 
later décrétiste (see prec.).] =prec. 

I Lanct. P. P2. C. xvi. 85 This doctor and diuinour, 
and deoretisere of canon, Hath no pite on vs poure. 

Decretive (dikr7tiv), a. [f. L. dérét-, ppl. 
stem of décernére to DECREE+-IVE.] Having the 
attribute of decreeing ; = DEoRETORY I. 

1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 170 Either 
discretiue .. or directiue .. and thirdly decretiue, which is in 
the Prince, either affirmatiuely to binde those within his com- 
passe[etc.]. 165r Baxter uf. Baft. 269 To distinguish be- 
tween event and duty; the Decretive and Legislative will 
of God. 1770 Westey Wks. (1872) XIV. 195 Both the choice 
of the former, and the decretive omission of the latter were 
owing .. to the sovereign will..of God. 1874 H. R. Rey- 
noLps Fohn Bapt. iii. § 3. 206 They are ., too specific and 
too decretive in their essence. 

Hence Decretively adv. 

1610 Hratry St. Aug. Citie of God 808 The thousand 
years are decretively meant of the devills bondage onely. 

+ Decreto'rial, 2. Obs. rare, [f. L. décrétiri- 
us DECRETORY + -AL.] 

1. =DeEcretory 3. 

1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl, 25 The great Climactericall, 
Hebdomaticall, Scalary, Decretoriall yeere. did. 93 Is it 
therefore impossible .. that any of those should see as far 
into Decretoriall numbers? 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. 
1v. xii. 212 The medicall or Decretoriall month, 

2, =DErEcreETorY 1. 

1778 Farmer Lett, to Worthington i.(R.), That I..overrule 
the Scripture itself, in a decretorial manner. 

+ Decreto'rian, a. Obs, [f. as prec, + -AN.] 
Decisive, critical; = DEoRETORY 2, 3. 

. 1679 J. Goopman Penit. Pardoned . ii. (1713) 289 There 
is no decretorian battle, nor is the business decided wu 

a push. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. m1, Diss. Physick 54 
The ancient Greek Physicians made .. Astrology or Astro- 
nomy, with their Critical and D: ian Days,a id 
able Part of their Medicinal Studies, 

Decre‘torily, adv. ? Obs. [f. next + -1¥ 2.] 
In a decretory manner ; positively, decisively. 

1660 Jer. TavLor Duct. Dudit.u. ii. rule vi. § 33 All which 
speak .. decretorily and rekon and zealously. = 
TE Goodman Wint. Ev. Conf. m. (T.), Deal concisely an 
decretorily, that I may be brought .. to the point you 
drive at, - 

Decretory (dékr*tari), a. Now rare or Obs. 
[ad. L. décrétori-us, f. décrét- ppl. stem of L, dz- 
cérnére to determine, DECREE; see -oRY.] 


111 


1. Of the nature of, involving, or relating to, a 
decree, authoritative decision, or final judgement. 

@ 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 83 We banish .. all imagin- 
ary fatality, and all decretory impossibility of concurrence 
and co-operation to our own salvation. 1649 Jer. Taytor 
Gt. Exemp. u, vii. 37 Those decretory and finall words of 
S. Paul: He that defiles a Temple, him will God destroy. 
1673 Baxter Let. in Answ, Dodweil 82 You appropriate 
the Decretory Power to your Monarch; and communicate 
only the executive. 1737 J. Crarxe Hist. Bible (1740) 11. 
v. 128 Jesus, knowing they had passed a decretory sentence 
against Him. 1807 Ropinson Archeol. Greca 1, xvi.77 The 
decretory sentence was passed. ; 

+b. Of persons: Characterized by pronouncing 

a definite decision or judgement ; positive, decided. 

1651 Jer. TAyLor Serm. for Yeart. xi. 136 They that with 
.. a loose tongue are too decretory, and enunciative of 
speedy judgement. 1655 -- Unum Necess. vii. § 1, I will 
not be decretory in it, because the Scripture hath said nothing 
of it. 1680 H. Dopwett Two Lett. Advice (1691) 105 If 
I may seem decretory in resolving positively some things 
controverted among learned men. ral 

+ 2. Such as to decide the question; decisive, 
determinative. Oés. 

1674 Evetyn Navig. & Comm. Misc. Writ. (1805) 644 That 
decretory battle at Actium. 1692 M. Morcan Poewe on 
Victory over Fr. Fleet 7 In which was struck this decretory 


Blow. +718 Be. Hutcuinson Witchcraft (1720) 172 They 
tried .. their Claims to Land, by Combat, or the Decretory 
Morsel. 1737 WHIsTon Yosephus Diss. 105 There is one 


particular Observation .. that seems to me to be decretory. 
+3. Old Med. and Astrol. Pertaining to or de- 

cisive of the final issue of a disease, etc. ; also fig. 

of a course of life; =CriticaL 4. Ods. or arch. 

1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hus. (1586) 78 b, The third 
of Maie (which is the laste decretorie daie of the Vine). 60x 
Hottanp Pliny I. 500 The foure decretorie or criticall daies, 
that giue the doome of Oliue trees, either to good or bad. 1646 
Sir T, Browne Psend, Ef. iv. xii. 213 The medicall month; 
introduced by Galen .. for the better compute of Decretory 
or Criticall dayes. 1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. 11. 1. Vil. 
(1852) 610 When the decretory hour of death overtakes you. 
1890 E. Jounson Rise Christendom 104, I look intrepidly 
forward to yonder decretory hour [of death]. 

+Decrew',v. Obs. rare. [f. OF. décreu, now 
décru, pa. pple. of décreistre, déroitre to Dr- 
CREASE: cf. ACCRUE.] To decrease, wane. 

1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v, vi. 18 Sir Arthegall renewed His 
strength still more, but she still more decrewed. 

Decrial (dékroial). rave. [f. Decry v.+-AL 5.] 
The act of decrying ; open disparagement. 

171x Suartess. Charac. Misc. v. i. (1737) III. 266 The 
Decrial of an Art, on which the Cause and Interest of Wit 
and Letters absolutely depend. 747d, v. ii. (R.), A decrial or 
disparagement of those raw works, 

Decried (dékrai-d), 77. a. [f. Decry v.+-ED.] 
Cried down, disparaged openly, etc. : see the verb. 

1655 H. Vaucuan Silex Scint. 1. (1858) 36 Prayer was such 
A decryed course, sure it prevailed not much. 1783 Burke 
Report Affairs India Wks. 1842 11.6 A suspected and de- 
cried government. 1818 J. C. Hosrouse /¢aly (1859) II. 372 
A decried effort since the edict of Dr. Johnson, 

Decrier (dzkroi‘a1). One who decries. 

1698 Fryer Acc. £. /ndia A iiijb, It is a Justice only in- 
tended my Country against its Decriers. a 1716 Soutu Serm. 
VII. ii. (R.), The late fanatic decryers of the necessity of 
human learning. 1881 SaintsBury Dryden v. 103 Dryden’s 
principal decrier, 

+ Decri‘minate, v. Obs. rare. [f. med.L. 
decriminare (Du Cange), f. Dr- I. 3 + criminare 
to accuse of crime.] To denounce as a criminal, 
to accuse. Hence Decri‘minating Ppl. a. 

1670 Tryal Rudyard, etc, in Phenix (1721) I. 398 A whole 
sea of their Decriminating and Obnoxious Terms. 

+ Decro'tt, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [a.F. décrotter, 
in 12th c. descroter, f. de-, des- (DE- I. 6) + crotte 
dirt.] trans. To clean from dirt, remove dirt from. 

1653 Urguuart Rabelais 1. xx, To decrott themselves in 
rubbing of the dirt of either their shoes or clothes. 

Decrown (dékrawn), v. ? Ods. [f. DE- II. 2 
+ Crown sd, Cf. F. découronner ‘to yncrowne’ 
(Cotgr.), OF. descoroner (12th c.); also dethrone.] 
trans. To deprive of the crown, to discrown. 

1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ, Nameless Cath. 153 Authoritie 
to de-Throanand de-Crowne Princes, 1 F, Waite Ref/. 
Fisher 56 Throning and dethroning, crowning and decrown- 
ing them, 1778 Phil. Surv. S. Irel, 322 If the Pope had 
not arrogated a right to dethrone and decrown Kings. 18: 
Lytton Renzi 1. iii, How art thou decrowned and spoile 
by thy recreant and apostate children, 

Hence Decrow'ning v0/. sd. 

i 1613 Oversury A Wife (1638) 212 The decrowning of 
ings. 

Decrustation (dzkrvsté-fon). rare—°, [n. 
of action f, L. décrust-dre to peel off (an outer 
layer or crust), f. Dr- 1.6 + crusta Crust, crustare 
to Crust: see-aTIon.] The removal of a crust or 
incrustation, 

16x Cotcr., Decrustation, a decrustation, or vncrusting ; 
a paring away of the vppermost part, or outmost rind. 1656 
in Birounr Géossogr, 1658 in Putuips. 1721 in BaiLey; 
and in mod, Dicts. 1882 in Syd, Soc, Lex. 

ges (dvkrai‘), v, Also 6-7 decrie, Pa. t. 
and pple. decried, [a. F. décrier, in 14th c. 
descrter, f. des-, de- (see DE-1.6) + créer tocry, In 
Eng. the prefix appears always to have been taken 
in sense ‘down’: see Dr- I. 4.] 

1. ¢rans. To denounce, condemn, suppress, or 
depreciate by proclamation; =cry down (CRY v, 


DECUMBENCE. 


17); chiefly said of foreign or obsolete coins; 
also to bring down the value (of any article) by 
the utterance or circulation of statements. 

1617 Moryson /#7x. 1, 111. vi. 289 Having a singular Art to 
draw all forraine coynes when they want them, by raising 
the value, and in like sort to put them away, when they 
haue got abundance thereof, by decrying the value. 1633 
‘T. Starrorp Pac, Hib, iv, (1821) 267 ‘Lhe calling downe, 
and decrying of all other Moneys whatsoever, 1697 EvELYN 
Numism.vi, 204 Many others [medals of Elagabalus] decried 
and called in for his infamous life. 1710 WuitwortH Acc. 
Russia (1758) 80 Next year..the .. gold... was left without 
refining, which utterly decried those Ducats. 1765 BLAcK- 
STONE Comm. I, 278 The king may.. decry, or cry down, 
any coin of the kingdom, and make it no longer current. 
1844 Act 7-8 Vict. c. 24 § 4 Spreading .. any false rumour, 
with intent to enhance or decry the price of any goods. 

2. ‘To cry out against ; to disparage or condemn 
openly; to attack the credit or reputation of; 
= Cry down (CRY 17 b). 

1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1.75 We goe..to law 
one with another (which S. Paul so decryed). 1660 R. 
Coxe Fustice Vind. Pref. 1 All men .. have with one voice 
commended Virtue, and decried Vice. 1665 Pepys Diary 
27 Nov., The goldsmiths do decry the new Act. 1756 C. 
Lucas £ss, Waters I, Pref., ‘Who is this’, says one, ‘ that 
is come to decry our waters?’ 1867 Lewes Hist. Philos. 
II. 105 He does not so much decry Aristotle, as the idolatry 
of Aristotle, 1872 Yeats Growth Comm, 371 The zeal with 
which the Church decried the taking of interest or usury. 

Hence Decry‘ing vé/. sd. 

1633 [see 1 above]. 1637 State Trials, ohn Hampden 
(R.), There hath been a decrying by the people and they 
have petitioned in parliament against it. 1863 KinGLAKE 
Crimea (1876) I. vi. 84 A general decrying of arms. 

Decry’, 5. Obs. rave—'. [f. prec. vb.] The 
decrying (of money); decrial. 

1686 tr. Chardin's Trav. i.9 The English were the Pro- 
curers of this Decry. For had that Money continu’d Currant, 
their Trade had been ruin’d. —_ 

Decrystallization (dzkristaloizzi-fon),  [f. 
De- II. 1.] Deprivation of crystalline structure. 

1860 Sat, Kev. X. 83/1 The decrystallization of ice by the 
solar rays. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 56 Developed by the 
breaking-down or decrystallisation of the ice. 

+ Decuba‘tion. O¢s. vave. [n. of action f. L. 
décubare to lie away (from one’s own bed), taken 
in sense of L. décumbére to lie down.] The action 
of lying down. 

1664 EveLyn Sylva (1776) 613 At this Decubation upon 
boughs the Satyrist seems to hint, when he introduces the 
gypsies (Juy. Sat. vi. 543-5). 

Decubital (d7kivbitil), a [f next + -an.] 
Pertaining to or resulting from decubitus. 

1876 BraitHwaitr Retrospect Med, UXXIII. 4 Dr. Hand- 
field Jones on decubital inflammation. 

|| Decubitus (d’kiz-bitis). Afed. [mod.L. f. 
décumbére to lie down, after accubttus and other 
parallel forms. Used also in French from 1747.] 

1. The manner or posture of lying in bed. 

1866 A. Fuint Princ. Med. (1880) 190 The dorsal decubitus 
should not be constantly maintained ; changes of position 
are important. 1879 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women 
xxx, (1889) 245 The decubitus is rarely on the healthy side. 

2. ‘Also, a synonym of Bedsore’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); 
see BED sd. 19. 

+ Deculeate, v. Os.—° [f. late L. déculcare + 
-ATE3: cf. zxculcate.] (See quots.) 

1623 CocKERAM, Deculcate, to tread somthing vnder foot. 
1656 Blount Glossogr., Deculcate..to tread or trample upon. 

+ Decult, v, Obs—° [ad. L. décultare (rare 
and doubtful) = valde occatltare.] (See quot.) 

1623 CockeraM, Decult, to hide priuily. 

Decultivate: see DE- II. 1. 

Decuman (dekivmin), a. Also 7-8 -ane. 
[ad. L. decuman-us, var. of decimanus of or be- 
longing to the tenth part, or the tenth cohort, f. 
decim-us tenth : see -AN; also, by metonymy, con- 
siderable, large, immense.] 

1. Very large, immense : usually of waves. 

(As to the vulgar notion that the tenth or decuman wave, 
Jluctus decumanus, is greater and more dangerous than 
any other: see Sir Thos, Browne Pseud. Ef. vil, xvii. 2, De 
Quincey Pagan Oracles Wks. 1862 VII. 183.) 

1659 GaUDEN Zears of Church 30 ‘To be overwhelmed 
and quite sunk by such decumane billowes as those small 
vessels have no proportion to resist. 1708 Motreux Rade- 
ats wv. xxiii, (1737) 97 That decumane Wave that took us 
fore and aft. 1838 5 rer Mag. XVII, 122 The tenth, or 
decuman, is the last of the series of waves, and the most 
sweeping in its operation. 1870 Farrar Witn. Hist. i. (1871) 
5 Confidence, that even amid the decuman billows of modern 
scepticism it [the Church] shall remain immovable. 

absol, 1870 LowELL Poems, Cathedr., Shocks of surf that 
clomb and fell, Spume-sliding down the baffled decuman, 

2. Rom, Antig. Belonging to the tenth cohort : 
applied to the chief entrance to a camp, or that 
farthest from the enemy ( forta decumana). 

1852 Wricut Celt, Roman, & Saxon (1861) 148 The decu- 
man gate, 

+ Decumanal, a. Obs. rare, 
-AL.] =prec. I. 

1652 Urquuart ewe? Wks. (1834) 229 The decumanal 
wave of the oddest whimzy of all. 

Decumbence (dikv'mbéns), [f. DEcuMBENT; 


[f as prec, + 


see -ENCE.] Lying down; =next. : 
1646 Six T, Browne Pseud. Ep, i. i. 105 If. they lye 
not downe and enjoy no decumbence at all. ~ 1882 Syd. SOC 


Lex., Decumbence, the state or attitude of lying down. 


DECUMBENCY. 


- Decumbency (d¢kumbénsi). [f. as prec.: | 


see -ENCY.] 

‘1. Lying down, reclining ; decumbent condition 
or e. 
Ste T, —— Psend. Ep. Leb 244 Theophylact +. 

ie 


not t y, ump 
this gesture of the beloved Disciple unto Rusticity. 1877 
Roserts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) 11, 32 The mode of decum- 
bency is rally on the back, with the head high. 

2. Taking to one’s bed; =DECUMBITURE 2. 
quot. 1820 humorously for Be pores to bed’. ° 

1651 C. WALKER //ist. [ndepend. 1. 52 One of cure 
..must be Phlebotomy, but then you must begin before 
Decumbency. 1652 GAute Magastrom. 240 The hour of 
decumbency. 1820 L. Hunt /udicator No. 15 (1822) I. 117 
Candid enquirers into one’s decumbency. 


Decumbent (dikombént), a. (sd.) [ad. L. 
décumbent-em, pr. pple. of décumb-ére to lie down, 
f. De- I. 1+-cumbere to lie.] 

1. Lying down, reclining. Now rare or Ods. 

. 1686 BLount Glossogr., Decumbent, that lyes or sits down ; 
or dyes. ax16g2 AsuMmote Antig. Berksh, 1. 2(R.) Fhe de- 
cumbent portraiture of a woman, resting on a death’s head. 
1748 Harter Observ. Man. i, 46 The decumbent Posture 
which is common to Animals in Sleep. 1798 W. YonGe in 
Beddoes Contrib. Phys. Knowledge (1799) 303 The advan- 
tage of a decumbent posture. 
+b. Lying in bed through illness. Ods. 

1689 G. Harvey Curing Dis, by Expect, xv. 114 An elder 
Brother decumbent of a Continual Fever. 
sury (T.), To deal with .. decumbent dying sinners. 

2. spec. a. Bot. Lying or trailing upon the ground, 
but with the extremity ascending: applied to stems, 
branches, etc. 

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. u. 24 note, This species of Fern 
.. with a decumbent root. 1830 Linotry Na‘. Syst. Bot. 
83 Herbaceous plants, native of sandy plains .. and usually 
decumbent. 1874 M. C. Cooke Fungi 249 The fertile flocci 
were decumbent, probably from the weight of the spores. 

b. Nat. Hist. Of hairs or bristles: Lying flat on 
the surface, instead of growing out at right angles. 

1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. 111. xxxiv. 398 The covering 
of hairs is silky and decumbent. did. iit. 645 Short de- 
cumbent hairs or bristles. 

+ B. as sb. One lying ill in bed: cf. 1b. Obs. 

1641 J. Jackson True Evang. 7.11. 138 When the Christian 
decumbent growes near to the grave. 1699 ‘ Misaurvs’ 
Honour of Gout (1720) 10 He tells the Decumbent a long 
story of the... Misery of Life. 


In 


Hence Decu'mbently adv., in a decumbent | 


manner, In mod. Dicts. 

Decumbiture (d/k»mbititir). ?Ots. [An 
irregular formation from L. décumbére ; the etymo- 
logical form being decubiture : see DEcuUBITUS.] 

1. Lying down ; sec. as an inyalid in bed. 

I Maynwarine Vita Sana viii. 94 As for the manner 
of decumbiture, the body must lie easie. 168x WHARTON 
Crises Dis. Wks. (1683) 115 The time when the Sick-party 
takes his Bed, is the beginning of his Decumbiture. 1741 


1732 ATTER- | 


Errrick in PAil. Trans. XLI. 565 The Band..is to be | 


kept on, the whole Time of Decumbiture. 

2. The act or time of taking to one’s bed in an 
illness. b. Astro/. A figure erected for the time 
at which this happens, and affording prognostics of 
recovery or death. 

1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. xliv. 255 At the hour of Birth, at 
time of Decumbiture of the sick. 1671 BLacrave Astro. 
Physic 23 The Moon being returned unto the place she was 
in at the decumbiture. @1700 Drypen (J.), The planetary 
hour must first be known, And lucky moment: if her eye 
but akes, Or itches, its decumbiture she takes. 1707 J. 
Frazer Disc. Second Sight 4 The boy died .. the eleventh 
night from his decumbiture, 1819 J. Witson Dict. Astrol., 
Decumbiture, a horary question or figure, erected for a sick 
person. It should be made to the time when the patient 
first perceives his disease, 

+ Decupela‘tion. Oés.—° 
LATION.] ‘The same as Decantation.’ 

1706 in Puittips (ed. Kersey) ; hence 2721 in Battery, etc. 

+ De‘cuplate, a. Ods. [ad. L. decuplat-us, 
pa. pple.: see DecuPLE v.] Multiplied by ten. 

1690 Leyzourn Cursus Math. 339 There remains .. Root 
Decuplate, 4 = 20. 

Decuplate (de-kizple't), v. [f. L. décuplare : 
see DECUPLE 2. and -ATE3,] = DECUPLE v. 

—_ Leysourn Cursus Math. 340 The first Root de- 
cuplated, 4 = 30. 1887 19th Cent. Aug. 152 All this de- 
cuplating our production. bet 

ence +Decupla‘tion, multiplication by ten, 
increase tenfold. 
Fh as Leysourn Cursus Math. 340 The Decuplation of the 
ots. 

Decuple (de'kizp’l), a. and sé. [e F. décuple 
(1484 in Hatzf.), ad. L. decuplus tenfold, f. dec-em 
ten + -p/us, as in du-plus, tri-plus, me 

A. adj. Ten times as much ; tenfol 

{rg0r Dovctas Pal. Hon. 1. xli, Duplat, triplat, diates- 
seriall, ui altera, and decuplaresortis.} 1613 M. Rrotey 
Magn. Bodies 87 Sometimes decuple or ten times as much 
againe. 1646 Str T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ‘- Man, whose 
length .. is sextuple unto his breadth .. and decuple unto 


[cf. Curen, CuPEL- 


Be pete. x Raper in Phil. Trans. I. 534 
‘oning .. a value = os decuple hand a 18: 
LEBROOKE Algebra, etc. 4 Increasin arly in decu: 
Seaton aes Fraser's Aue SORVEL oe Diewkles oe, 

more than decuple the amount. 
B, sb. A number or quantity ten times another ; 
a tenfold amount, 


112 


cx1g25 © Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 20, 20 is pe decuple 
of 2, 10 is be decuple ae sgt Hav Creation ie) It 
the same ion holds .. (that is, as I guess, near a de- 
cuple). Pusey Lect. Daniel 623 During a of 
years, which was to be a decu of their own number. 1885 
Times 12 Dec. 9/3 To abolish one or two of the doubles, 

ict postmen and cabmen [in 


trebles, and decw which afflict 
street nomenclature]. 

Decuple (de‘kisp’l), v. [ad. L. décuplare (only 
in pa. pple. decuplatus), f. decuplus tenfold: sce 
prec. : Hi F, décupler (18th c. in Hatzf.).] 

trans. To increase or multiply tenfold. 

1674 JeaKE A7rith, (1696) 201 The Square of 1 decupled is 
10. 41687 Perry Pol. Arith. i.(1691)9 If France hath scarce 
doubled its Wealth and Power, and that the other have de- 
cupled theirs. 1837 Gen. P. Tuomrson Exerc. (1842) IV. 
253 If the demand for muscle were decupled at every com- 
mercial and manufacturing station. 

Hence De‘cupled fv. a. 

1854 H. H. Witson tr. Xig-veda 11. 5 To partake of the 


decupled (libation). 

Decuplet (dekizplét). Aus. [f. L. decuplus 
DEcuPLE + -ET in ¢rzf/et, etc.] ‘A group of ten 
notes played in the time of eight or four’ (Stainer 
& Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms). 

Decur, var. of DEcoRE Ods. 

Decure, obs. form of Decury. 

+ Decu-riate, v. Ols.—° [f. ppl. stem of L. de- 
curiare to divide into decurix : see Decury.] (See 
quot.) So + Decuria‘tion ite decuriatio). 

1623 CockeraM, Decuriate, to diuide into bands, to sepa- 
rate. x7zz in BaiLey. 1623 Cockeram, Decuriation, a 
making of Knights or Captaines. 

Decurion (d/kiiirin). In 4-5 -ioun. [ad. 
L. decurio, -dnem, {. dec-em ten, after centurto 
CENTURION: see DEcuRY.] 

1. Rom. Antig. A cavalry officer in command of 
a decuria or company of ten horse. Also gev. 
A commander or captain of ten men. 

1382 Wycuir 1 Afacc. iii. 55 Decuriouns, leders often. 1533 
BeLLENDEN Livy 1v. (1822) 361 Sixtus Tempanius, decurion 
of horsmen. 


othes. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome v. 83 He had got away, 
if a Decurion had not fallen upon him, 1838 Arnovp //7st. 


| Romel. 75 The poorest citizens. . followed the army. acting 
| as orderlies to the centurions and decurions. 


b. ¢ransf. An overseer of ten households, a 
tithing-man. 

sgt G. Fretcuer Russe Commi. (Hakluyt Soc.) 43 The 
constable hath certaine .. decurions under him, which haue 
the ouersight of ten households a peece. 1 TempPLe 
Ess. Heroic Virtue § 3 Wks. 1731 1. 207 He [Mango Capac} 
instituted Decurions thro’ both these Colonies, that is, one 
over every Ten Families. 

2. Roman Hist. A member of the senate of a 
colony or municipal town; a town councillor. 

In later times the capacity for the office became hereditary, 
and the decurions formed an order charged with heavy finan- 
cial and other responsibilities to the imperial government. 

1382 Wycuir Mark xv. 43 loseph of Armathie, the noble 
decurioun (Vulg. decurio, Gr, BovAevryjs]. _1606 HoLttanp 
Sueton. 60 A new kind of Suffrages which the decurions or 
elders of Colonies gave every one in their owne Towneshippe. 
1635 Pacitr Christianogr. 11. (1636) 2 loseph of Arimathea, 
that noble Decurion. 1781 Gispon Decl. & F. 11. 63 The 
laborious offices, which could be productive only of envy 
and reproach, of expence and danger, were im on the 
Decurions, who formed the corporations of the cities, and 
whom the severity of the Imperial laws had condemned to 
sustain the burthens of civil society. 1872 E. W. Ropertson 
Hist. Ess. 37 note, The Decurio, and filius Decurionis, the 
Plebeius, and the Servus of the law of Constantine, answer 
exactly to the Noble, Free, and Servile orders of the Ger- 
manic codes, ; 

3. A member of the Great Council in modern 


Italian cities and towns. 

1666 Lond. Gaz. No o7/s The Colledge of the Jurists, the 
sixty Decurions [at Milan]. 1708 /éid. No. 4448/1 After 
these came eight Chg ogee ++ preceding the 60 rions, 
the t Chancellor, the Privy-Council, and Senate. 
W. Spatpoine /taly & /t. /s/. 111. 343 In Genoa, whose muni- 
cipality was constituted by laws of 1814 and 1815, there is 
a Great Council of forty decurions (half ey If mer- 
chants and other citizens), who were named the first 
instance by the crown, but have since filled up their own 
vacancies. 1865 Marre! Brigand Life 11. 47 At one time 
a syndic, a decurion, profited by his post to persecute his 
private enemies. 

4. Astrol.=DECAN 2. 

1652 Gaute Magastrom. 87 Their houses .. thrones, de- 
curions, faces, Jom. 
. for Decury, a company of ten. 

1555 Epen Decades 23 A coompanye of armed men diuided 
into .xxv. decurions, that is, tenne in a company with theyr 


capitaynes. 

Decurionate. [ad. L. decuridnat-us, f. de- 
curion-em; see -aTE1.] The office of a decurion. 

1840 Mitman /ist. Chr. II. 382. 1863 Drarer /ntel?. 
Devel. Europe ix. (2865) 209 Exempting the priesthood from 
burdensome offices such as the decurionate, 1880 MurRHEAD 
Gains 1. § 95 note, Not only the magistracy but also the 
decurionate was a stepping-stone to citizenship 

Decu'rionship. ([Sce -suir.] =prec. 

1873 Wacner tr. Zeuffel's Hist. Rom. Lit. 1. 340 Ex- 
emption .. from the decurionship and military service. 


ce (dik»'réns). [f. DecuRRENT: see 


-ENCE, 


+1. 


e act or state of running down; downward 
flow or course; lapse (of time). ; 


Obs. 


158 Stywarb Mart. Discipfl. 1.61 He shall | 
charge euerie decurion or Captaine of ten men vpon their | 


DECURTATION. 


Gaupen Tears of Church The errata’: 5 
by decurrence of ‘ZS ‘hough aay Sawyer ad 
Googe Cheat, The Cocrse OF Hetlans Wesing aration 

's 4 rse umane even 
bg 8 A Of it's Decurrence. 


2. Bot. The condition of hen DEcURRENT (q.v.). 
LinpLey Leger Bot. (1848) I. 228 The decurrence of 


the . ALLEN in Nature 29 Mar. 511 There will 
be a strong te! towards long pointed ribbon-like 
Selena! bape a 
. [fas +-ENOCY.] =prec. 


1651 J. Goopwin Redemption Red. ii. § 17 The flowing of 
Rivers from their Tosmries oa with the decurrency 
of their Waters into the Sea. 1882 .S; a Soc. ad 


rency, the or app a 

Decurrent (dikvrént), a. [ad. L. décurrent- 
em, pr. pple. of décurrére to run down, f. Dg- I, 1 
+currére to run.] 

+1. Running or flowing down. Ods. 

1432-50 tr. Higdex (Rolls) I. 225 An ymage of Venus .. 
whiche was made so subtily that a man my3hte see in that 
ymage as bloode decurrente. 

2. Bot. Of leaves, etc. Extending down the 
stem or axis below the point of insertion or attach- 
ment. 

1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supfl., Decurrent leaf. a 1794 Sir 
W. yom Bot. Obs. in Asiat. Res. (1795) IV. 259 eaves 
downy on both sides, mostly decurrent on the long hoary 
petiols. 1870 Hooxer Stud. Flora 260 Verbascum Ena 
.. leaves very decurrent .. anthers of long stamens slightly 
decurrent. 

Hence Deeu‘rrently adv. 

1807 J. E. Smit Phys. Bot, 178 (Pinnate] decursivé, de- 
currently, when the leaflets are decurrent. 

wring, ff/. a. =DEcURRENT (in Bot.). 
in Cent. Dict. 

+ Decu'rse. Ods. [ad. L. décurs-us, f. ppl. stem 
of décurr-cre; cf. DECOURSE.] Downward course, 
lapse. 

1593 Bison Govt. Christ's Ch. 237 By degrees, in decurse 
of time. 1657 Tomttnson Renou's Disp. 225 Nor that the 
decurse of years would work some change in it. 

+ Decursion (diko3fen). Ods. [ad. L. dé- 
cursion-em, n. of action f. décurr-ére (ppl. stem 
décurs-) to run down.] 

1. The action of running, flowing, or passing 
downwards; also fig. of time, etc. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed vi. x. Wks. V. 277 The perpetual 
ascent of springing waters into the hills, their continual de- 
cursion from them into the sea.» H. More Myst. /nig. 
206 In the decursion of..twelve or thirteen hundred years. 
1680 — Afpocal. Afoc. 24 The whole decursion and succes- 
sion of the church to the end of the world. z 

2. Antig. A military manceuvre, exercise or evo- 
lution, performed under arms ; a solemn procession 
round a funeral pile. 

[1623 Cockeram, Decursion, a running of souldiers on their 
enemies.) 1658 W. Burton /tin. Anton. 68 His body..was 
laid on the Rogus, or Pile. .and honored with the wrepispouy, 
decursion, or running round it by his Sons and Souldiers. 
1697 Porrer Antig. Greece IV. vi. (1715) 211 In this Decur- 
sion the Motion was towards the Lett fend. 1702 ADDISON 
Dial. Medals i, 19 Charged .. with many Ancient Customs, 
as sacrifices .. allocutions, decursions, lectisterniums, 

Decu'rsive, ¢. Bot. [ad. mod. Bot. L. décur- 
siv-us, f. L. décurs-, ppl. stem of décurr-ére to run 
down: see -IVE.] = DECURRENT. 

1828 in WensTer. é a 

Hence Decu'rsively adv., as decursively-pinnate 
[mod.L, decursivd pinnatus: cf. DECURRENTLY). 

1823 Crass 7 echnol. Dict., Decursively-pinnate, an epithet 
for a leaf having its leaflets decurrent, or running along the 
petiole. 1866 in 7reas. Bot. 

+ Decw rt, a. Obs.-° [Cf. Curt and Dr- II. 3.] 

1623 Cocxeram, Decurt, short. “ 

+ Decu rt, v. Obs. [ad. L. décurt-are to cut 
off, curtail, f. Dm- I. 2 + curtdre to shorten : see 


Curt v.] trans. To cut down, shorten, dock, 
curtail, abridge. Hence Decurted ///. a. 

isso Bate A 147 Your decurted or headlesse clause, 
Angelorum enim, et cet. 1631 J. Done Polydoron 88 [It is. 
in Roguerie to Decurte or int their Wri 

errick Hesper., Fulia's Churching (1869) 307 To him 
bring Thy free, and not decurted offering. 


Decurtate, a. rare. [ad. L. décurtit-us, 
pa. pple. of décurtare: see prec.] Cut down, 
shortened, abridged, curtailed. 

a Mepe £f. to Hayn Wks. (1672) 1v. 755 The preposi- 
tion 2 being decurtate of *3 inter. 1859 F. Hatt Vdsa- 
vadattd Preface 8 Bana. .lopped off his own hands and feet’ 
.. In this decurtate condition he dictated a poem of a 
hundred couplets. 

+ Decu'rtate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L, aé- 
curtare: see prec. and -aTE3.] ¢vans. = Decurt v. 
an ee ee thes pd ph hag Moe 
or r to de ecu! in 
CockERAM, Decertadiy We core} 1676 Gass in Pat 
Trans. X1. 607 Those, which had been decurtated by the 
unequal cutting of the knife, 

+ Decurta‘tion. Oés. [ad. L. décurtation-em, 
n. of action f. décurtare: see Decurt v. So in 
neat gr apne abciieing, oe cutting down. 

1 astrom, To Rdr., uivoca- 

652 GAULE ag Ambiguous equiv 


tions, affe expressions, 
1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr, 11. (1682) 38 the like decurta- 
tion we have t Hispania unto 1700 Phil, 
Trans. by. 


XXII. 568 The Contraction .. is 
decurtation or 6 ic of the Fleshy Fibres. 


DECURVATION. 


Deourvation (dzkzivéi-fon). [n. of action’ f. 
L. dé- down + ppl. stem of carvare to bend, CurvE: 
see -ATION.] The action or process of decurving ; 
the condition of being bent downwards. 

1881 A. Newton in Zucycl. Brit, XII. 358/2 There are 
Trochilide which possess almost every gradation of decur- 
vation of the bill. aie 

Decurvature (déka-svatiii). 
-URE: cf. curvature.| =prec. 

1887 E. D. Corr Orig. Fittest 376 Constant jarring. .would 
tend to a decurvature of both inferior and superior adjacent 


end walls. 
Decurve (diki1v), v. rare. [f. L. de down + 
curvare to CurvE.] To curve or bend down. 


Hence Decu'rved /#/. a., curved downwards. 


[f as prec. + 


1835 Kirsy Had. & Just. Anim. 1. ix. 274 An incipient de- | 


curved spire. 1892 Atheneum 18 June 795/2 The upper 
mandible [of a parakeet] was so abnormally decurved. 

Decury (de‘kiiiri). Also 6 decure. [a. OF. 
decurie or ad. L. decurta a division or company of 
ten, f. dec-em ten, after centuria CENTURY. ] 

Rom. Hist. and Antig. A division consisting of 
ten men, a company or body of ten; applied also 
to larger classes or divisions (¢. g. of the judices, 
scribe, etc.). 

1533 BeLLenvEN Livy 1. (1822) 30 The faderis, quhilk war 
ane hundreth in nowmer, devidit thaimself in ten decuris, 
ilk decure contening ten menin nowmer. 1563-7 BucHANAN 
Reform. St, Andros Wks. (1892) 8 The regent sal. .assigne 
thayme place in hys classe diuidit in decuriis. 1586 T. B. 
La Primaud. Fr. Acad.1, 643 The Pretors. .tooke a certain 
number of Iudges..who..were distributed by decuries or 
tens. 1695 Kennetr Par, Axtig. (1818) II. 340 In the 
larger houses, where the numbers amounted to several 
decuries, the senior dean had a special preeminence. 1847 
Grote Greece u. xxxi. IV. 189, 5000 of these citizens were 
arranged in ten pannels or decuries of 500 each, 

Decus (d7‘kvs). slang. [From the Latin motto 
decus et tutamen on the rim.] A crown-piece. 

1688 SHADWELL Sg”. A dsatia u.Wks. (1720) 1V. 48 To equip 
you with some Meggs, Smelts, Decus’s and Georges. 1822 
Scotr Nigel xxiii, ‘You see’, he said, pointing to the 
casket, ‘that noble Master Grahame..has got the decuses 
and the saedts.’ 

Decuss (dikw's), v. rare. [ad. L. decuss-are 
to divide crosswise, or in the form of an X, f. 
decussis the number ten (X), also a ten-as piece, 
and so supposed to be f. dec(-em)assts.] = DE- 
CUSSATE v. 3 

spe A. Monro Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 25 A double row of 
..fibres decussing one another. 

+ Decu'ssant, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. decus- 
sant-em, pt. pple. of decussdre: see prec.] Decus- 
sating, intersecting. 

1685 H. More Para. Prophet. 462 Placed on those pro- 
duced decussant Lines. 

Decussate (dika'stt), a. [ad. L. decussat-us, 
pa. pple. of decussdre: see Drcuss.] 

1. Having the form of an X. 

1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 1538 The letter X, styled 
across decussate. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. 1. 85 The de- 
cussate cross now known as the cross of St, Andrew. 

2. Bot. Of leaves, etc.: Arranged on the stem 
in successive pairs, the directions of which cross 
each other at right angles, so that the alternate 
pairs are parallel. 

1835 Linpiey /xtrod. Bot. (1848) I1. 382 Decussate,arranged 
in pairs that alternately cross each other. 1884 Bower & 
Scorr De Bary’s Phaner. 259 The stem has four angles, 
and bears decussate pairs of opposite leaves. 

Hence Decu'ssately adv., in a decussate manner. 

1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 329 Folia. .transversely coalescent 
or intersecting one another (decussately aggregated). 

Decussate (dekise't, d7kose't), v.  [f. L. de- 
cussat-, ppl. stem of decuss-dre: see DECUSS.] 

_1. trans, To cross, intersect, lie across, so as to 
form a, figure like the letter X. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 53 The right and 
transverse fibres are decussated by the oblick fibres. 1665-6 
Phil. Trans. 1. 221 These Rainbows did not. .decussate one 
another at right angles. x 37 Bracken Farriery Impr. 
(1756) I. 58 The inner [fibrest = lways decussate or cross the 
outer. 1835-6 Topp Cyc?. Axat. I. 583/1 Their medullary 
fibres. .converge and decussate each other. 

2. intr. To cross or intersect each other; to form 
a figure like the letter X. 

1713 Dernam Phys. Theol. tv. vii. 153 The Fibres of the 
external and internal Intercostals decussate. 1835-6 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. 1. 251/1 Sometimes they [ligaments] cross or 
decussate with each other. 1875 Brake Zool, 198 Optic 
nerves, commissurally united, not decussating. 

Decussated (see prec.), Ad/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1.] Formed with crossing lines like an X; 
crossed, intersected ; having decussations or inter- 
sections. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus i. 37 The decussated 
characters in many consulary coynes. 1686 Por Staffordsh. 
430 A decussated cross. 17§5 Jounson, Vefqwork, any thing 
reticulated or decussated, at equal distances, with inter- 
stices between the intersections. 184 JoHNsToN in Proc. 
Berw. Nat. Club I. 267 Shell. .spirally ridged with fine de- 
cussated striz in the interstices. " : 

b. Rhet. Consisting of or characterized by two 
pairs of clauses or words, those in each pair corre- 
sponding to those in the other, but in reverse order ; 
chiastic. 

Vot. III. 


113 


1828 WenstTer s.v., In rhetoric, a decussated period is one 
that consists of two rising and two falling clauses, placed in 
alternate opposition to each other, 
_Decussating, ///. «. 
intersecting. 

1839-47 Topp Cyc/. Anat. III. 680/1 These decussating 
fibres. 1855 HoLtpen Hum. Osteol. (1878) 9 Arranged in 
decussating curves like the arches in Gothic architecture. 

Decussation (dekzsé'-fon). [ad. L. decussa- 
tidn-em, n. of action f. decussdre: see DECUSS and 
-ATION.] Crossing (of lines, rays, fibres, etc.) so 
as to form a figure like the letter X ; intersection. 

1656 in Birount Glossogr. 1658 Sir _T. Browne Gard. 
Cyrus i. 37 The Letter x, that is the Emphatical decussa- 
tion, or fundamental figure. 1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. (1769) 
go Performed in single and masterly strokes, without de- 
cussations, and cross hatchings. 1672 Newton in Rigaud 
Corr. Sci. Men (1841) 11. 344 By the iterated decussations 
of the rays, objects will be rendered less distinct. 1713 
Deruam Phys. Theol. wv. ii. 95 A Coalition or Decussation 
of the Optick Nerves. 1839-47 Topp Cyc. Anat. III. 
480/r The point at which the decussation [of nerve-fibres in 
the brain] takes place is about ten lines below the margin 
of the pons Varolii. 

b. het. An arrangement of clauses, etc. in 
which corresponding terms occur in reverse order ; 
chiasmus. 

1841. Tait’s Mag. VIII. 561 They have. . become weary of 
these pretty grammatico-metrical cuttings and decussations. 

§] Erroneous use, app. for DEcussIon, striking off. 

1654 H. L’Esrrance Chas. J (1655) 117 He yeilded his 
head to de-cussation, to the striking off. 

+ Decu'ssative, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. decussit-, 
ppl. stem of decass-dre + -1VE.] Characterized by 
decussation; crossing. Hence Decu'ssatively adv. 

1688 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 56 By decussative 
diametrals, Quincunciall Lines and angles, /é7d. i. 38 The 
High-Priest was anointed decussatively or in the form of 


[-1ne 2.] Crossing, 


ie. 

+ Deécu'ssion. Ods. rare. [ad. L. décussion-em, 
n. of action f. décutére to shake down, beat down, 
etc., f. De- I. 1 + guatére to shake.] A shaking 
down or off. 

1664 EveLyn Pomona (1729) 94 Making a Quantity of 
Cider with Windfalls, which he let ripen in the Hoard, near 
a month interceding between the time of their Decission, 
and that which Nature intended for their Maturity. 1674 
Biount Glossogr., Decussion, a striking or shaking off; a 


beating down. 

| Decusso‘rium. Swvg. [mod.L. f. décuss-, 
ppl. stem of décutere: sce prec. and -onIuM. In 
mod.F. décussotre.] 
down, or separating to a sufficient extent, the dura 
mater in the operation of trepanning, to protect it 
from injury, and to facilitate the discharge of mat- 
ters from its surface’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882). 

+Decu'te, v. Obs—° [ad. L. décutere (see 
above). ] 1623 Cockrram, Decute, to cut off. 

+ Decu-tient, a. Obs.—° [ad. L. décutient-em, 
pr. pple. of décautére (see above).] 

Fim Biount Glossogr., Decutient, that shakes or beats 
own, 

Decyl (de'sil). Chem. [f. Gr. béea ten +-YL.] 
The tenth member of the series of hydrocarbon 
radicals having the formula Cy Hon4,; the mon- 
atomic alcohol radical C,) H,, ; also called Decaty/. 
Used attrib. in decyl series, compounds, chloride, 
etc. 

Hence derivatives as De‘cylene, the olefine of 
the decyl series Cy) Hy); Decy-lic, of or pertaining 
to decyl, as in decylic alcohol, hydride, etc. So 
De‘cine, the liquid hydrocarbon C,,H,;, the 
ethine or acetylene member of the decyl series, 
Cf. Drcanr, DECENE, 

1868 Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1090 Decyl, Rutyl, Capryl, 
-. Cio Ha..Hydride of Decyl..Chloride of Decyl. 1872 
Ibid. V1. 542 Decylic compounds. .derived from the funda- 
mental hydrocarbon Cio Hae, decyl hydride .. Decy/ene, 
Cio Hao. _ 1875 bid. VII. 423 Decene and Decine. 

Decypher, obs. form of DECIPHER. 

Ded, obs, form of Drap, DEATH, DEED, Din (see 
Do w.). 

Dedain, early form of Disparn. 

Dedal, Dedalian, etc. : see DDAL, etc. 

Dedane, var. of DEDEIGEN v.2 

|| Dedans (dadan:). Zennis. [F. dedans gallery 
of a tennis court, special application of dedams in- 
side, interior, subst. use of dedans adv. inside, f. de 
of, from, by, with, etc. + dans within :—OF. denz, 
itself f. de + enz:—L. intus inside, within.] The 
open gallery at the end of the service-side of a 
tennis-court. e 

I le . . L nn, 
Teens i Ks Landa cihe wax tnaesd of betty equidictant 
from each end of the Court, is nearer to the dedans than to 
the other end by 1 ft. 1885 Pad/ Mail G. 12 May 11/1 The 
feeding for the nny May oe ee wre magetcent. 

I oe 
me the decane ofa etais Goutk Svhile B: andl santeht ts 
going on. 

edayn, -e, early forms of DispaIn, 
edbote, var. of DEEDBOTE Oés. 
Dedd(e, dede, obs. ff. DEAD, DEatH, DEEp. 
Dede, obs. pa. t. of Do. 


‘An instrument for keeping | 


DEDICATE. 


+ Dede‘corate, a. Obs. [ad. L. dédecorat-us, 
pa. pple. of dédecordre to disgrace; see next.] 
Disgraced, disgraceful. 

15..Phylogamus in Skelton’s Wks.(1843) I. p. cxvi, O poet 
..Dedecorate and indecent, Insolent and insensate. 

Dedecorate (d‘de'kireit), v. [f. L. dédecorat-, 
ppl. stem of dédecordre to disgrace, f. dédecus, dé- 
decor- disgrace, f. De- I. 6 + decus, decor-, grace, 
etc. In sense 2, f. Dr- II. 1+ Decorate.] 

+1. trans. To disgrace, dishonour. Oés. 

1609 J. Davies Holy Roode 13 (D.) Why lett’st weake 
Wormes Thy head dedecorate With worthlesse briers, and 
flesh-transpiercing thornes? 1623 CockERAM, Dedecorate, 
to dishonor, or shame one. . : 

2. To disfigure; to do the opposite of decorating. 

1804 Syp. Smitu Mor. Philos. xi. (1850) 137 If a trades- 
man .. were to slide down gently into the mud, and de- 
decorate a pea green coat. 1887 Spectator 25 June 867/1 
The vulgar and misleading caricatures which de-decorate 
these admirable chapters. 

Dedecora‘tion. vare—°. [ad. L. dédecora- 
tion-em, n. of action f. dédecorare: see prec.] ‘A 
disgracing or dishonouring’ (Phillips 1658) ; hence 
in Bailey, Johnson, and mod. Dicts. 


+ Dede‘corous, a. Os.—° [ad. L. dédecoros- 
us, later synonym of dédecorus disgraceful, f. Dr- 
I. 6 + decorus: see DEcoRovS.] Disgraceful, un- 
becoming. So + Dede‘corose a. 

1727 Bai.ey vol. II, Dedecorose, full of shame and dis- 
honesty. Dedecorous, uncomely, unseemly, dishonest. 1755 
Jounson, Dedecorous, disgraceful, reproachful, shameful. 
[Hence in mod. Dicts.] 

+ Dedeign, -dein, -deyne, s?. and v.1 Early 
form of DisDAIN. 

+ Dedei‘gn, 7.2 Sv. Obs. Forms: 4-6 de- 
deyn3e, dedein3e, 5 dedyne, 6 dedeyne, de- 
denye, deden(e, dedane, deding. [A derivative 
of DEIGN v., in which the prefix de- appears to be 
taken in the sense ‘down’ (De- I. 1), so as to 
strengthen the notion of condescension ; or which 
may have arisen by confusion of dedezgn ( =d7s- 
dain) with dezgn. It seems to be confined to Scotch, 
and to have no analogies in French or Latin.] 

1. =Deien v. 1. (In first quot. zzpers.) 

1375 Barsour Bruce t. 376 He wes in all his dedis lele; 
For him dedeynjeit nocht to dele With trechery. 1423 
Jas. I Kiugis Q. clxviii, Madame..bot that 3our grace 
dedyne, Off 3our grete myght, my wittis to enspire. 14.. 
Hoccieve Mother of God 51 For Christ of the dedeynyt 
[PA. 41S. hath deyned] for to take Bothe flesche and blood. 
c1g00 Lancelot 240 And in his body..The tronsione of o 
brokine sper that was, Quhich no man out dedenyt to aras. 
1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. 1. 618 That wald deding with his 
auctoritie Ws to support in oure necessitie. 1513-53 DoucLas 
Aineis 1. vi. 53 (ed. 1553), I dedeinze [v.7. den3ze] not to 
ressaue Sic honour. 

2. To lower. 

1536 BELLENDEN Crov. Scot. (1821) I. 123 The Romains 
wald nocht dedenye thair majeste, to satefy the desire of 
barbar pepill. 

Dedely, obs. form of DEADLy. 

Deden(e, var. of DEDEIGN v.?; obs. pa.t. pl.of Do. 

Dedentition (d7denti:fan). Piys. [f. Dr- II. 
1+DenviT1I0on.] The shedding of the teeth; es. 
of the first set. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. w. xii. 216 In_the first 
[{Septenary] is Dedentition or falling of teeth. 1857 Dun- 
GLtson Dict. Med. s. v. Dentition, Dedentition begins about 
the age of 6or 7. 1882 in Syd. Soc. Lex. : 

Dedenye, dedeyn(e, etc., var. DEDEIGN v.", 
and early ff. DisDAIN. 

Dedicant (dedikant). [ad. L. déedicant-em, 
pr. pple. of dédicare to DEDICATE.] One who 
dedicates. 

188x Hipner in Excycl. Brit. XIII. 127 (Rom. Inscrip- 
tions), The proper form of the dedication..also the name 
of the dedicants..and the formule of the offering. 

+ De‘dicate, fa. pple. and pA/. a. Obs. or arch. 
Also 4-6 dedicat. [ad. L. dédicat-us consecrated, 
formally devoted, pa. pple. of dédicdve (see next). 
Used both as pa. pple. and adj., but now only as 
an archaic synonym of dedicated.] Dedicated. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 890 In chirche, or in chirche-hawe, 
in chirche dedicate, or noon. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. ii. 9 An 
old Temple dedycat in the honoure of ., Diana. 1535 Covrr- 
DALE Ezek. xliv. 29 Euery dedicate thinge in Israel shall be 
theirs. 1565 CaLrHit, Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 5 You 
have dedicate your book to the Queen’s highness. 1643 
Mitton Divorce vii. (1851) 35 Every true Christian ..is a 
person dedicate to joy and peace. 1646 P. BuLKELEY Gospel 
Covt. 1. 275 The dedicate things which should have been 
to the honouring of God. 1798 Coteripce Nightingale, 
Like a Lady vow’'d and dedicate To something more than 
Nature in the grove. 1814 Souruey Roderick x, I vow'd, 
A virgin dedicate, to pass my life Immured, 

Dedicate (de'dikeit), v [f. L. dédicat-, ppl. 
stem of dédicare to declare, proclaim, devote (to 
a deity) in a set form of words, to consecrate, f. 
De- + dicaére to say, proclaim, make over formally 
by words, a weak vb. from stem dic- of dicére to 
say, tell; cf. the adj. formative -dicus -saying, 
-telling ; also abdicate. For the pa. pple., dedicate 
(see prec.) has been used, and in 16th c. the same 
form was used for the pa. t., as if short for dedicated.] 

15* 


DEDICATED. 


1. ¢vans. To devote (¢o the Deity or to a sacred 
person or pw ) with solemn rites; to surrender, 
set apart, consecrate to sacred uses, 

(The leading sense, which more or less colours the others. 

1530 Pasar. 509/1, J dedycate a churche. —pe-2 Ol) 

is 


Bk. Com. Prayer, Publ. Baptism, 
cated to thee - our office and ministerie. 1555 EDEN 
Decades 73'To whom he buylded and dedicate a chapell and 


an altare. 1651 Hosses Leviath. ut. xxxix. 247* Any Edifice 
dedicated by Christians to the worship of Christ. 
Pearson Creed (1839) 223 Many are the enemies of those 

rsons who dedicate themselves unto his service. 1822 

- Dicsy Broadst. Hon. (1846) U. 337 (Tancredus), The 
29th of September has been ded d to St. Michael and all 
Angels ever since the fifth century. 1885 Pa/l Mail G. 
2 Jan. 10/2 The precedent set by the Bishop of St. Albans 
in dedicating a cemetery, in lieu of consecrating it in a 
strictly legal way. 


» fig. 
1599 SHAks. Hen. V, 1v. Chor. 37 Nor doth he dedicate 
one iot of colour Vnto the wearie and all-watched Night. 
1606 — Tr. § Cr. ut. ii. 110 Well Vnckle, what folly I com- 
mit, I dedicate to you. 1678 Satmon Lond. Disp. 578/1 
A Pectoral Decoction .. is Dedicated to the Lungs. 

2. transf. To give up earnestly, seriously, or 
wholly, ¢o a particular person or specific purpose ; 
to assign or appropriate ; to devote. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. 3 We must dedicate our myndes 
wholly to folowe the moste wise and learned menne, 1 
Spenser Col. Clout 472 To her my thoughts I daily dedi- 
cate. 1653 Watton Angler Ep. Ded. 3 When you .. devest 
your self of your more serious business, and .. dedicate a day 
or two to this Recreation. 1718 Prior Solomon u. 818 It bid 
her .. dedicate her remnant life To the just duties of an 
humble wife. 1771 Yuninus Lett. xlix. 257 The remainder 
of the summer shall be dedicated to your amusement. 1818 
Hatta Mid. Ages (1872) I. 504 The dukes of Savoy were 
.. completely dedicated to the French interests. 1842 W. 
SpatpinG /taly & 1%. /s?. 1. 236 It assumed the title of the 
Via Bete acces from the processions to which it was dedi- 
cated. 

8. To inscribe or address (a book, engraving, 
piece of music, etc.) 40 a patron or friend, as a 
compliment, mark of honour, regard, or affection. 

1 Boorpe Dyetary Pref. (1870) 227 And where I haue 
dedycated this boke to your grace [etc.]. 1605 Bacon Adv. 
Learn. 1. iii. §9 The ancient custom was to dedicate them 
only to private and equal friends, or to entitle the books 
with their names. (1737 Fiecpinc Hist. Reg. Ded., Asking 
leave to dedicate, therefore, is asking whether you will pay 
for your dedication, and in that sense I believe it is under- 
stood by both authors and patrons. 1832 W. L. Garrison 
Thoughts African Colon. p. iii, 1 dedicate this work to my 
countrymen. 1848 THackERAyY Van. Fair, To B. W. Procter 
this story is affectionately dedicated. , 

tb. To address (a letter or other communica- 


tion) fo. Obs. rare. 

1688 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 236 That some things of that 
Nature had been proposed and Dedicated to y® proprietor, 
by himself ..to which he believed he should receive his 
Answer by y® ffirst Shi ping hether. 1776 Brack Lett. to 
Adam Smith 26 Aug., r eard that he had dedicated a letter 
to you, desiring you not to come. 

Law. To devote or throw open to the use of 
the public (a highway or other open space). 

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 153/2 It is necessary that the 
party dedicating should have a sufficient interest in the land 
to warrant such dedication. 

b. To open formally to the public; to inaugu- 
rate, make public. 

1892 7imes (Weekly ed.) 21 Oct. 5/4 President Harrison 
cannot visit Chicago to dedicate the World's Fair. 

Dedicated (de‘dikeitéd), pp/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED.] Sacredly, solemnly, or formally devoted ; 
wholly given up, etc.; inscribed (as a book). 

c1600 SHaks. Sonn. Ixxxii. 3 The dedicated words which 
writers use Of their fair subject, Messing every book. 1611 
Brpe 2 Kings xii. 4 All the ag A of the dedicated things. 
1661 Boyte Style of Script. Ep. Ded. (16 ye In the dedi- 
cated book. 1805 Worpsw. Prelude wv. Wi S. (1888) 261/2 
That I should be .. A dedicated Spirit. 

Dedicatee (de:dikéti). [A modern formation 
from DepicaTE v. + -EE, correlative to dedicator.] 
One to whom anything is dedicated. 

2 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. 1. Introd. iv, The writer 
and his patron, the dedicator and the dedicatee. 1802 Syp, 
Situ in £din. Rev. 1, 22 The worthy dedicatees, the Lord 
Mayor and Aldermen. 1881 Saintspury Dryden 108 Assi- 
duous visits to patrons and dedicatees. 

Dedicati (devdike'tin), v7, sd. [-ING 1] 
The action of the verb DEDICATE ; dedication. 

1535 Coverpace Dan. iii. 3 The dedicatynge of y* ymage, 
Pg heh Num, vii. 11 The dedicating of the Altar. 

Dedicating, ///. a. [-1Nc.] That dedicates. 

1666 J. Sercrant Let. Thanks 32 He is Mr. Stillingfleets 
dedicated and dedicating friend. 

Dedication (dediké'‘fon). [a. OF. dédication, 
-cion (14th c, in Godef.), ad. L. dédication-em, n, 
of action from dédicdre to DEDIOATE.] 

1. The action of dedicating, the fact of being 
dedicated ; a setting apart and devoting to the 
Deity or to a sacred purpose with solemn rites. 

2382 Wyciir Num. vii. 88 Thes thinges ben offrid in the 
dedicacioun of the auter, whanne it is anoynt. 1387 TREvisa 
Higden Vil. 35 Kyng William, ,commaundede nyh alle be 
bisshoppes of Eng: t bey schulde come to pat dedica- 
cioun be fiftenbe day of May. Carcrave Chron, 165 
William .. aftir tyme that he had biggid the Cherch ageyn, 
desired that the Kyng schuld com to the dedicacion. 1643 
BurrouGues £-xf. Hosea viii. (1652) 292 Dedication is when 
give a thing out of my own power, for a pious use, that I can- 


114 
not mayer ene! ys aed 


1776 Giszon Decl. § F. 1. xvii. 444 The 

lebrate the dedication of his city. _ 3 . 
b. The form of words in which this act is ex- 

P He ordeyned the ded: 

1520 Caxton’s Chron. Eng. w. 38/1 He y- 
cacyon of the chirche every yere sholde be sayd. 1607 Tor- 
sett Foury. Beasts (1673) 264 Metellus the Mace 
raised two porches .. without inscription or dedication. 

e. The commemoration of such an act ; the day 
or feast of dedication (of a church). 

Feast of the Dedication: the annual commemoration of 
vad purification of the Second Temple by Judas Macca- 

us. 

¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xix. 87 When grete festez com- 
mez .. as pe dedicacioun of pe kirk. 3, Cath. Angi. 93 
Dedicacion, dedicacio, encennia. 1530 PALSGR. 212/2 
cation a feestfull day, dedicace. 1695 Kennett Par. Antig. 
(1818) II. 305 The dedication of churches should in all places 
be celebrated on the first Sunday of the month October. 

2. fig. The giving up or devoting (of oneself, 
one’s time, labour, etc.) to the service of a person 
or to the pursuit of a purpose. 

16or Suaxs. Twi. N. v. i. 85 His life I gaue him, and did 
thereto adde My loue without retention or restraint, All his 
in dedication. 16x11 — Wint. T. 1. iv. 577 A Course more 

romising, Then a wild dedication of your selues To vnpath'd 

Vaters. 1841-44 Emerson £ss., Experience Wks. (Bohn) I. 
177 We need change of objects. Dedication to one thought 
is quickly odious. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 345 The 
dedication of himself to the improvement of his fellow- 
citizens. 

3. The dedicating of a book, etc.; the form of 
words in which a writing, engraving, etc., is dedi- 
cated to some person. 

1598 FLorio Dict. Ep. Ded. 1 This dedication .. may haply 
make your Honors muse. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iil. 
§$ 9 Neither is the modern dedication of books and writings, 
as to patrons, to be commended. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. 136 ® 6 Nothing has so much degraded literature from 
its natural rank, as the practice of indecent and promiscuous 
dedication. 1887 Bowen | irgil, Eclogue vi. Argt., The 
Eclogue opens with a dedication to the Roman general 
Varus, we 

+4. Special appropriation. Ods. 

1570-6 LamparpvE Perambl. Kent (1826) 225 It should 
seeme by the dedication of the name [Sheppey], that this 
Ilande was long since greatly esteemed either for the number 
of the sh or for the fi se of the fleese. 

5. Law. The action of dedicating (a highway, 
etc.) to the public use. 

1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Highway, A street built 
upon a person’s own ground is a dedication of the Highway 
so far only as the publick has occasion for it, viz. for a right 
of passage. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 153 The dedication 
of a way to the public may be by writing or by words. 1883 
E. P. Wotstennotme Settled Land Act 28 Dedication to 
the public is a term generally — to the act of throwing 
roads open to the use of the public. 

6. attrib, and Comb., as d. feast, festival ; dedica- 
tion cross, a cross painted or carved on a church 
or altar at its dedication; dedication day, the 
anniversary of the dedication of a church, observed 
as a festival. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon'’s Answ. Osor. 323b, The feastes .. 
of the patrone of the church, dedication day, and Relick- 
sonday. 1 Kennett Par. Antig. (1818) I. The 

rimitive fair in Oxford was on the day of St. Frideswide, 

cause it was the dedication day of the chief conventual 
church. a The dedication feasts fell on those days. 
1848 B. Wes Continent, Ecclesiol. 57 Remains of .. a dedi- 
cation-cross. 1882 Bioxam Gothic Arch. Il. 155 We 
sometimes meet with dedication or consecration crosses 
imbedded in the external walls of churches, 

Dedicastional, a, [f. prec.+-au.] Of or per- 
taining to dedication. 

1884 Spring field Wheelmen's Gaz. Nov. 103/2 The mem- 
bers .. met at the new rooms .. to witness the dedicational 
exercises, 

Dedicative (de-dike'tiv), a. [ad. L. dédicativ- 
us, £. dédicat-, ppl. stem of dédicdre to DEDICATE ; 
see Fog | Having the attribute of es. 

ra ot dedicative, but it 


tr. ncion xi. 14 Which is .. 
is rather a negative Epistle. 1816 Kratince 7rav. (1817) 
II. 79 Here is a temple of Mars with a dedicative inscription. 
1 Corerince Aids Ref. (1848) I. 28 The religious nature 
dedicative force of the marriage vow. 

Dedicator (de‘dikeitaz). [a. L. dédicator, 
agent-n. f. dédicare to DepicaTE.] One who de- 
dicates ; esf, one who inscribes a k to a friend 
or patron. 

1596 W. Bartey New Bk. Tabliture Aijb (Stanf.), The 
first of these causes doth shew a ie minde in the 
Dedicator. 1663 Davenant Siege of Rhodes Ded., The ill 

and indiacrefion of cntinesy Dem peters 
Pore _Zss. Crit. 593 Leave dang’rous truths to unsuc- 
cessful Sat: rere flattery to fulsome Dedicators. 
H. Wavroce Lett. Mont clxxxi, It is usual to give dedi- 
cators something. 1855 Lewis Cred. Zarly Rom. Hist. 1. 
ix. 312 Here they dedicate some brazen bowls .. with the 
names of the dedicators. 

Dedicato'rial (de:diketdorial), a, [f. as Dr- 
DICATORY +-AL.] = DEpIcATORY. 

1844 J. W. Doxatneon Varronianus 131 Tuscan inscrip- 

or dedi . 1, 


tions .. of a sep ir 

Dedica (de'dikétarili), adv. [f. Dxpt- 
CATORY @.+-LY *.] In a dedicatory manner. 

1821 Blackw. ws: X. 200 The Thomas Hope, who writes 
so dedicatorily to Louisa from Duchess Street, 


| goddes he were now alyue. 


DEDITICIAN. 
Dedicatory (de-dikettai, -kétari’, @. and sé, 
[f. L. type *dadicatori-us, £. dedicator-em Dept- 


CATOR: see -oRY. Cf. mod.F. dédicatoire.] 

A. adj. ing to, or of the nature of, dedi- 
cation ; that has the attribute of dedicating, serving 
to dedicate. Used chiefly of literary dedication, as 
in epistle dedicatory. 

1565 Randolphes Phantasey(in Satir. Poems Re, 1890) 
i), Epistle dedicaone (to Me. Thome Kamiate 
Dexxer Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 11. 121 Whose face is 
as cluill as the outside of a i Booke. 1611 Bisie, 
The Epistle Dedicatorie. To the Most High and Mightie 
Prince, lames, etc. 1727 Berkeey Tour in /taly Wks. 1871 
ait coe Gedicatary is Teil of renpact tothe pore, 
1846 Extis Elgin Maré, 11. 108 We read of similar dedi- 
ar 5 a ay in the Bible. 
. So, A meagre inscription or address. 
1598 Yonc Diana, As Collin in his French dedicatorie to 
the Illustrous Prince Lewis of Lorraine at € setteth 
downe. 1642 Mitton Afol, Smect. (1851) 259 Neere a kin 
to him who set forth a Passion Sermon with a formall Dedi- 
catory in great letters toour Saviour. 1674 Hickman Quin- 
quart. Hist. (ed, 2) Ep. A v, C ded in the Dedi y 
as being [etc.]. P 5 
ture (dedikeitii). rare. [f. L. dédicat-, 
ppl. stem+-urE.] The act of dedication. 
c1850 Mrs. Browninc Sabbath Morning at Sea viii, 
1 would not praise the pageant high Yet miss the dedicature. 
+ ie, v. Obs. [a. F. dédie-r (12th c, in 
Hatzf.), ad. L. dédicare to DepicaTe.] To dedicate. 
©1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1, xv. (1869) 12 Whan thou 
dediedest and halwedest and blissedest the place, 1485 
Caxton Chas. Gt. 16 Yf thou haddest dedyed a to my 
2549 Compl. Scot. Ep. 7 The 
quhilk tracteit i hef dediet direckyt to 3our nobil 


grace. 

+ De'dify, dedefy, 7. Oés. [app. a confused 
form from y dédier, or L. dédicére, to DEDICATE, 
and edify (+ edefy), F. édifier, L. wdificare.] To 
dedicate (a building). Hence Dedifying 2d/. sb. 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 30 The awter that is dedi- 
fyed and halowd in the worschipe of seynte laurence. 1483 

‘Axton Gold. Leg. 194/2 Saynt remyge dyd halowe ani 
dedefye hit. 1483 Cath. A ‘A 93 Dedyfye, icare,dedicare, 
sanctificare. 1494 Fasyvan Chron. v. cxxxii. 115 Any forther 
busynesse touchyng the So, ae of y* vs Cinnche, 

+ i ‘tion. Oss. [a. OF. dédignation 
(Godef. ), ad. L. dédignation-em, n. of action from 
dedignare, -ari to reject as unworthy, Dispary, f. 
De- I. 6 + dignari to think worthy, f. dignus 
worthy.] 

1. Disdain, scorn, content ES 

L anc's Ci ’o i dedi, 
dona ter sph ada a. aa pers De Imitatione 
ut. xiii, Wo to sored Ped dedi ion to meke hem 


ainst 1716 M. 
Socinians reject the Imputa- 
tion..with the utmost Horror and Dedignation. 

2. Displeasure, anger (= DISDAIN sé, 2); pass., 
state of being under a person’s displeasure, dis- 
favour. 

Li Itin, 1V. 33 Wainflet great with 
Hoty the vi, whaty be wen in geaas Paligeaion oO 
Edward the iv. ; 

+ De-digne, v. Obs—° [ad. L. dédignare (see 


Prec.)] : ites 

ERAM, Dedigne, to disdaine. 
} Bedi'gnity, v. Obs. [f. Dr- II. 1+ Diexiry 
v.] trans. To deprive of dignity or worthiness ; 


to disparage, flout. 
oat ayton Pleas. Notes m1. xi. 151 What affront 
id he put upon himselfe, then to dedignifie his counte- 


nance, as not worthy to be look’d on by a y: 
|| Dedimus (de-dimis). Law, [From the words 
of the writ, dedimus potestatem, Lat. ‘we have 
pos the power’.] A writ empow one who 
not a judge to do some act in place of a judge. 


<tho-ee Pieetaak COP 92 Afore Easter, 


1771 SMottett Humph. Ci. 11. 26 June, He .. found means 
to obtain a Dedimus as an acting justice 

Bentuam Method of Census Wks. (1843) X. 

justices. .who have taken out their respective 
, var. of DEDEIGN v.2 Sc, 

Dedir, obs. form of Dipper z., to tremble. 


Dedist, obs. form of didst: see Do v. 

Deditician (dediti-fain), sd. and a. Rom. Law. 
Also -itian. [f. L. déditici-us, orig. an alien enemy 
who had surrendered unconditionally, then a freed- 
man of the class described below ; f. dédit-, ppl. 
stem of dédére to surrender : see -ICToUS and -aN.] 

A freedman who, on account of some grave 
offence committed during his state of slavery, was 
not allowed the full rights of citizenship. Also 
attrib. or as adj. 

1880 Mutrneap U/pian i, § 11 Those freedmen are ranked 
as dediticians who have been put in chains by their owners 
pr pl cage mem end = ree Fab sr nn he 4 
fight either with the sword or wi fi Be by 


| 


DEDITION. 


Hence Dediti‘ciancy, the condition or state of 
a deditician. 

Dedition (didi‘fen). Now rare or Obs. [ad. 
L. dédition-em, n. of action from dédére to lay 
down, give up, f. Dz- I. 3+dédre to give, to put.] 
Giving up, yielding, surrender. ¢ ‘ 

1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII, V1. 135 For dedicion of their 
places townes and strengthes to the Kinges subjection. 
1659 Hammonp Ox Ps, cx. 7. 566 Eastern Princes .. in token 
of dedition exacted from subjugated provinces Earth and 
Water. 1667 Decay of Chr. Piety xiii. § 1. 334 [They] make 
an entire dedition of themselves, and submit to the severest 
and ignoblest vassalage. 1705 StaNHore Paraphr. IV. 598 
He disputes not the..Dedition made by his Faction. 1851 
Gattenca /taly 367 He insisted upon distinct and positive 
terms of dedition. wae 

+ Dediti‘tious, @. rare-°. [f. L. deditici-us, 
-ittus (see above) + -ous.] (See quot.) mie 

1727 Baitey vol, II, Dedititious, yielding, or delivering 
himself up into the power of another. 

Dedly, obs. form of Deapiy. 


+Dedoctor. Os. xonce-wd. [cf. Dr- II. 
3; agent-n. f. L. dédocére to cause to unlearn, 
to teach the contrary of, f. DE- I. 6 + docére to 
teach : cf. Docror.] : 

1656 HosBes Six Lessons vi.ad fin., Dedoctors of morality. 

Dedoggerelize, dedogmatize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Dedolation (didolzfon). Med. [n. of action 
from L. dédolére to hew away, f. Dr- I. 2 + dolare 
to chip, hew.] ‘ The shaving off of a portion of 
the skin or other part of small importance by an 
oblique cut’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1857 Dunciison Med. Dict. s. v., It is commonly on the 
head that wounds by dedolation are observed. 

+ Dedorleate, v. Ods.—°  [irreg. f. L. dadolére: 
see DEDOLENT.] 

1623 CockeraAM, Dedoleate, to end ones sorrow or griefe. 

+ Dedolence. 0és. [ad. L. dédoléntia abandon- 
ment of grief, ceasing to grieve, f. dédolére : see 
DeEDOLENT.] Absence of grief or sorrow ; insen- 
sibility, callousness. 

1606 Birnie Airk-Buriall (1833) 10 Our Heroik burials.. 
wherein the toutting of trumpets, trampling of steades, and 
trouping of men, may sufficiently testifie the dedolence of 
men. 1633 Rocers Treat. Sacraments u. 127 This chases 
away the cloudes of dedolence and impenitency. 1633 
T. Avams Z£.xf. 2 Peter iii. 15 There is a dedolence, to be 
in pain and not to feel it. 

t+Dedolency. ds. 
next and -ENcy.}] =prec. 

a 1617 Bayne Ox Coloss. (1634) 100 That is a blockish head 
which.can. .goe on in a Stoicall dedolency. 1655 GuRNALL 
Chr. in Arm. v. (1669) 33/2 Riches & treasures in their 
Coffers, numness and dedolency in their Consciences. 

+ De‘dolent, a. Ods.  [ad. L. dadolént-em, pr. 
pple. of dédolére to give over grieving, f. Dx- I. 6 

+ dolére to grieve.] That feels sorrow no more ; 
feeling no compunction ; insensible, callous. 

1633 Rocers Treat. Sacraments 1.23 With an insensible, 
dedolent heart, with a dead benummed spirit. 1647 Warp 
Simp. Cobler 20 Men .. accursed with indelible infamy and 
dedolent impenitency. 1698 R. Fercusson View Eccles. 46 
His Forehead is Brass double gilt and his Understanding. . 
Callous and Dedolent. 

Deducate (de-dizkzit), v. (See quot.) So 
De‘ducated, Deduca‘tion, De’ducator. 

1867 Furnivatt Pref. to Hymns to Virgin p. viii, Many 
educated (or deducated) persons. Mote, We sadly want some 
word like this deducate, deducation, &c., to denote the wilful 
down-leading into prejudice and unreason.. Let any one 
think of the amount ‘of deducation attempted about the Re- 
peal of the Corn Laws..&c., and then see how hard the de- 
ducators still are at their work ! 

Deduce (didizs), v. Also 6-7 evron. diduce. 
[ad. L. dédiic-ére to lead down, derive, in med.L. 
to infer logically, f. Dx- I. 1, 2 + diicéve to lead. 
-Cf. Depuct. In 16-17th c. there was frequent 
confusion of the forms of deduce and D1pucx, q. v. 

(The sense-development had already taken place in Latin, 
and does not agree with the chronological data in English.)] 

L. Ut. trans. a. To bring, convey; sfec. (after 
Lat.), to lead forth or conduct (a colony). arch. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man v.71 If any of the wayes de- 
ducyng choler, come vnto the bottome of the ventricle. 1612 
Sevpen Jilustr. of Drayton § 17 (R.) Advising him he 
should hither deduce a colony. 1685 StiLLiNGFL. Ovig. 
Brit. i. 5 The Romans began to deduce Colonies, to settle 
gy a and Jurisdictionshere. 1822 T.Tavtor Apuleius 
340 pe nature may from thence deduce it [the blood] 
through all the members. 1866 J. B. Rose Virgil’s Georg. 
88 Still Ausonian colonists rehearse, Deduced from Troy, 
the incoherent verse. 

+b. To bring or draw (water, etc.) from. Obs. 

1602 Futpecke 2vd Pt. Parall. 54 By that meane he 
deduced water out of the earth. ¢z630 Rispon Surv. Devon 
§ 107 (1810) 104 Conduits .. nourished with waters deduced 
from out of the fields. 

+e. To bring or draw down. Obs. 

1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xu. (1626) 244 Orions mother 
Mycale, eft-soone Could with her charmes deduce the 
meoging Moone. _ 

+2. fig. a, To lead, bring. Ods, 

1545 Jove Ex. Dan. Ded. A.iv, Christ himself doth., 
deduce us unto the readinge of thys boke. 1585 J. Hitrox 
in Fuller C4, Hist. 1x. vi. §27 That..we be. .made partakers 
of his Testament, and so deduced to the knowledge of his 
godly will. 1706 Cottier Reff. Ridic. 25 He continually 
deduces the conversation to this topick. 


[f. L. dédolentia: see 


115 


+b. Law. To bring before a tribunal. 

1612 Bacon Ess. ¥udicature (Arb.) 458 Many times, the 
thing deduced to Iudgement, may bee meus et tuum(etc.]. 

+e. To lead away, turn aside, divert. 

1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 32 The vicar .. wolde deduce 
them from ir said most accustomable parishe church of 
Whitegate, vnto his said church of Quer. 1647 Litty Chr. 
Astrol. clxvii. 720 The force of a Direction may continue 
many_yeers, untill the Significator is deduced to another 
Promittor. : 

d. To bring down, convey by inheritance. 

Br. Hatt Hard Texts 483 If Abraham .. had this 

iven to him for his inheritance, how much more may 
wee, his seed, (to whom it is deduced) .. challenge a due 
interest in it. 1641 ‘Smecrymnuus’ Axsz. § 6 (1653) 32 
How this should have beene deduced to us in an uninter- 
rupted Line, wee know not. 

38. To draw or obtain /vom some source; to 
derive. Now somewhat rare. 

1565-78 Coorer Thesaurus Introd., Whether the word be 
a Primative or derivative deduced of some other. 1596 
H. Crarnam Briefe Bible 1. 15 He, of Nothing, created 
Something .. whereout, Al other Creatures were to be 
diduced. 1634 Sir T. Herserr Trav. (1638) 232 A cere- 
mony diduced from the Romans. 1665 /éid. (1677) 181 
Rivers that deduce their Springs near each other. 1790 
Cowrer My Mother's Picture 108 My boast is not, that 
I deduce my birth From loins enthron’d, and rulers of the 
earth. 1869 Farrar Fam. Speech i. (1873) 20 The attempt 
to prove that all languages were deduced from the Hebrew. 

. intr. To be derived. rare. (Cf. to derive.) 

1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid’s Fasti Notes 240 The former 
notion of a bird..may deduce from the eastern word Gaph. 
1889 Courtney J/7d/ 20 ‘The very first principles from which 
it deduces, are so little axiomatic that, etc. 

4. trans. To trace the course of, trace out, go 
through in order (as in narrative or description) ; 
to bring down (a record) from or Zo a particular 
period. + Formerly, also, To conduct (a process), 
handle, treat, deal with (a matter). 

1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref I. |. 115 Considering 
how the process might be after the best sort deduced and 
handled. ¢ 1645 Howe tt Le¢é. vi. 61, I will deduce the 
business from the beginning. 1659 Br. Watton Consid. 
Considered 259 These things are largely deduced and 
handled in the same Prolegomena. 1685 STILLINGFL. Orig. 
Brit. iii. 88 Having deduced the Succession of the British 
Churches down to..the first Councel of Arles. 1728-46 
THomson Spring 577 Lend me your song, ye nightingales.. 
while I deduce, From the first note the hollow cuckoo sings, 
The symphony of Spring. 1776 Gispon Decd. & Fadl 1. 296 
The general design of this work will not permit us..to 
deduce the various fortunes of his private life. 1818 Jas. 
Mint Brit. India 1. (1840) I. 2 To deduce to the present 
times a history of..the British transactions, which have had 
an immediate relation to India. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. 
I, 149 All the optical history. .is elaborately deduced. 

5. To trace the derivation or descent of, to 
show or hold (a thing) to be derived from. 

@ 1536 TinpALe Wks. 21 (R.) Deducyng the loue to God 
out oF fayth, and the loue of a man’s neighbour out of the 
loue of God. 1579 W. Futke Ref Rastel 715 They could 
not deduce the beginning from y® Apostles. 1658 UssHer 
Annals 593 They deduced themselves from the Athenians. 
1676 Hopcson in Phil. Trans. X1. 766 Those..who deduce 
the Scurvy from the use of Sugar. 1767 Brackstone Comme. 
IL, 114 He cannot deduce his descent wholly by heirs male. 

6. To derive or draw as a conclusion fro some- 
thing already known or assumed; to derive by a 
process of reasoning or inference; to infer. (The 
chief current sense.) 

1529 More Dyaloge 111. Wks. 215/2 Y° case once graunted, 
ye deduce your conclusion very surelye. 1651 BaxTER 
Inf. Bapt. 87 It must, be [known] rationally by deducing it 
from some premises. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth u. (1722) 
184 The knowledge of Causes is deduc’d from their Effects. 
so Rew Aristotle's Log. iv. § 4. 83 Rules..deduced from 
the particular cases before determined. 1812 Sir H. Davy 
Chem, Philos, p. viii, It was deduced from an indirect 
experiment. 1849 Murcuison Siluvia i. (1867) 2 This 
inference has been deduced from positive observation. 1885 
Leupesporr Cremona's Proj. Geont. 277 From this we 
deduce a method for the construction. 

b. Less commonly with 067. clause. 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 461/2 We deduce ther- 
upon that he wil not suffer his church fal into y? erronious 
belief of anie damnable vntrouthe. 1646 Str T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep.v.vi. 243 That the custome of feasting upon beds 
was in use among the Hebrewes, many diduce from the 
23. of Ezekiel. 


+7. To deduct, subtract. Ods. 

1563-7 Bucuanan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 14 The 
principal sal deduce sa mekle of hys gagis. 1614 Br. Hace 
Recoil, Treat, 514 The more we deduce, the fewer we leave. 
1632 B. Jonson Magn. Ladyu.i, A matter of four hundred 
To be deduced upon the payment. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. 
Sacr, 1. v. § 3, 1117. which being deduced from 3940. the 
remainder is 2823, 

+ 8. To reduce (to a different form). Ods. 

1586 J. Hooxer Giradld. Irel. in Holinshed 11. 10/t By 
these meanes the whole land, which is now diuided into fiue 
prouinces or portions, maie be deduced and brought into 
one. 1654 Gataker Disc. Afol. 36 After that my Morning 
Lecture was reduced, or deduced rather, to the ordinarie 
hour in most places. 1749 J. MiLtan (¢/¢/e), Coins, Weights, 
and Measures, Ancient and Modern, of all Nations, deduced 
into English on above 109 Tables, 

Hence Dedu'cing v4/. sb., deduction. 

1530 Patsar. 212/2 Deducyng, discours. 1532 More Confut. 
Te iale Wks. 461/2 Termes. .of drawyng oute & deducinges 
and depending vpon scrypture. 1651 Hospes Leviath, 11. 
xxv. 133 Consisting in a deducing of the benefit, or hurt 
that may arise, etc. 1827 WHATELY Logic (1837) 258 The 
deducing of an inference from those facts, 


+ 
16; 
lan 


DEDUCT. 


Deduceable, obs. var. of DEDUCIBLE. 

+ Dedu‘cement. Ods. Also 7 (evvon.) diduce- 
ment. [f. DEDUCE +-MENT.] 

1. A deduction, inference, conclusion. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. xxiii. § 7. 104 If I woulde 
haue broken them and illustrated them by diducements and 
examples. @ 1631 Donne Servi. xii. 114 All the Deduce- 
ments and Inferences of the Schooles, 1682 Drypen Relig. 
Laicé Pref. (Globe ed.) 186 Those deducements, which I am 
confident are the remote effects of Revelation. 

2. A tracing out (see DEDUCE 4). rave. 

1820 Blackw. Mag. VII. 362 A regular deducement of the 
Batavian line through all the varieties of place and fortune. 

Deducible (d7dizsib’l), a. Also 7 (erron.) 
diducible, 7-8 deduceable. [f. L. dédicére to 
DEDUCE + -BLE.] 

1, That may be deduced or inferred. 

1617 Coins Def. Bf. Ely 1. iii. 126 Nothing is deducible 
out of his doctrine, which fauours the Popedome. 1678 
R. Barcray Afol. Quakers xu. § x. 451 There [is] not any 
difference or ground for it visible in the Text, or deduceable 
from it. 1752 J. GiLt Trinity i. 14 These are consequences 
justly deducible from our principles. 1867 J. Martineau 
Ess. I. 62 Precept is not deducible from precept. 

b. as sb. That which is deducible ; an inference 
that may be drawn. 

1654 WuitTLock Zootomia 511 Yet since it is from Truth, 
and her Secretaries (the Casuists), heare their deducibles. 
1861 J. Martineau Ess, etc. (1891) II. 435 As if they were 
deducibles from the primary spiritual truth. 1881 Casry 
Seguel to Euclid 16 A large number of deducibles may be 
given in connexion with. . Prop. xlvii. 

+2. That may be or is to be deducted. Ods. rave. 

1613 I. Roparts Revenue of Gospel 94 Before I come to 
define the charge diducible. 


Hence Deducibility, Dedu‘cibleness, the 
quality of being deducible. 
1846 WorcESTER cites Cotertpce for deducibility. 1881 


Westcorr & Horr Grk. N. 7. Introd. §67 The easy 
deducibility, direct or indirect, of all their readings from 
a single text. 1727 Battey vol, II, Deduciéleness, capable- 
ness of being deduced. 

Dedu‘cive, 2. rare ° 
cf. conducive.) (See quot.) 

2758 Jounson, Deducive, performing the act of deduction. 
Dict. 

+ Dedurct, A//. a. Obs. [ad. L. déduct-us, pa. 
pple. of déditcére: see next. After the formation 
of deduct vb., used as its pa. pple. till superseded by 
deducted.) Deducted. 

1439 Nolls of Parl. 5 Aftur the summes in the seid Com- 
missions to be deducte. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 61 §1 
Aftir all ordinary charges deducte. 1532 Fritu Mirror or 
Glass (1829) 273 The poor, which..are the owners, under 
God, of all together, the minister’s living deduct. 

Deduct (didukt), v.  [f. L. déduct-, ppl. stem 
of L. dédiic-cve to lead or bring down or away, 
lead off, withdraw, f. De- I. 1, 2 + dicéve to lead, 
draw. Cf. DepucE: the two verbs were formerly 
to a great extent synonymous, but are now differen- 
tiated in use, by the restriction of this to sense 1.] 

1. trans. To take away or subtract from a sum 
or amount. (The current sense.) 

Now said usually of amounts, portions, etc., while sudtvact 
is properly said only of numbers; but deduct was formerly 
used also of the arithmetical operation. 

1524 Ch. Accts. Kingston-on-Thames in Lysons Environs 
of London I, 226 Rec4 at the Church Ale and Robyn-hode, 
all things deducted, 32. 10s, 6d. 1530 PALsGR. 5009/1, I de- 
ducte, I abate partyculer sommes out of a great somme, Ye 
rabats. 1542 Recorpe Gr. Artes (1575) 107 Deducte the 
digit from the figure that is ouer him, and write the re- 
mayner, 1631 GouGE Goa’s Arrows v. § 18. 430 His Master 
might buy him bow, and arrowes, and deduct the price 
out of his wages. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep... ii. 
182 Deducting the waight of that five pound. 1751 Joun- 
son Rambler No. 108 ? 2 When we have deducted all 
that is absorbed in sleep. 18g0 Prescotr Peru II, 115 The 
royal fifth was first deducted, including the remittance 
already sent to Spain. 1874 Masson Ailton (Gold. Treas. 
ed.) I. p. xi, If we deduct the two Psalm Paraphrases.. 
Milton’s literary life may be said to begin exactly with the 
reign of Charles I. 

absol. 1824 Examiner 641/1 Every shilling squandered 
by Ministers. .deducts from the value of their property. 

+2. To lead forth, conduct (a colony); =DE- 
DUCE 1a. Oés. 

1549 CoverDALe Evasm. Par. Phil. Argt., A people de- 
ducted oute of the citie of Philippos. 1582 [see DepuctinG]. 
1600 Hottanp Livy Pref. 3 Venice was a Colonie deducted 
and drawne from thence. 1627 [see Depuctep]. 

+3. To draw or convey (a streamlet) aside (from 
the main stream). Ods. rare. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 10 Which as 
a rillet is deducted from that maine channell of my other 
studies. c¢ 1626 Dick of Devon. u. ii. in Bullen O. PZ. IH. 31 
A rivolet but deducted From the mayne Channell. 

+4. To derive; to trace the derivation or descent 
of ;= DEDUCE 3, 5. Obs. ; 

1530 Patscr. 17 All suche wordes as be deducted out of 
Latin wordes. 1565 T. Stapleton Jortr. Faith 94° For 
more safety to deduct that succession from the See of Rome. 
1577-87 HoiinsHeD Chron. II. 9/1 Touching the name 
Ibernia, historiographers are not yet agreed from whence it 
is deducted. a164x Br. Mountacu Acts § Mon. (1642) 108 
In deducting the Maccabees from Iudah. 1648 Gace West 
Ind. xx. (1655) 174 From whence commonly in the Church 
of Rome the Texts and subjects of Sermons are deducted. 
1660 R. SHERINGHAM King’s Suprem. Asserted ii. (1682) 10 
All authority ,. is derived and deducted from the King’s 
Majesty, 

15*-2 


[f. Depucr + -IvE: 


DEDUCTIBLE. 


+5. To trace out in order; to bring down from 
or ¢o a particular period ; = Deuce 4. Obs. nics 
1545 LeLanp aceon _ Gift i in Strype Eccl, Mem. 1 


116 


ya in Logic, inference by reasoning from generals 
culars ; 0} to InpucTION. 
pe og Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. xiv. (1611) 42 And show the 


a exviii. 330 The begynnyng at | the Dru: 
leducted vnto the t: tyme of the comyng of S, Augustyne. 
1586 Mary Q. Scors Let. to Babington 12 Jafy § in Howell 
St. Triads (1809) I. 1177 4d divers great and importunate 
considerations which were here too long to be deducted. 
+6. To rene A reasoning, infer, deduce. Ods. 
1563 Foxe A. & 850 b, ‘This parte he deducted and 
pend by arg ay omg and similitudes. pSir E. 

Gear Lett. Higgins 37 Which by Logicall conse- 
quence is not Necessarily d acted out of the path 
1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. iii. 32 A concep- 
tion..deducted from sober influence of reason. 1889 Cape 
Law ¥rnil. 203 To take-all the ci ses into 
ation and to deduct therefrom. .the act of desertion. 

+7. To reduce. Ods. (Cf. DeDucE 8.) 

1599-16.. Massincer, etc. Old Law m. i. Clerk. ’Tis but 
so many months, so many weeks, so many—. Guothe. Do 
not deduct it to days, ‘twill be the more tedious. 

Hence Dedu'cted ff/. re Dedu'eting vd. sb. 

1582 Divers Voy. (Haklu mee eee . 1850) 9 The deducting of 
some Colonies of our superfluous people into those temperate 
and fertile tesof America. 1596 Spenser Hymn Love 
106 Man. .hauing yet in his deducted spright, Some s 
remaining of that fbb fyre. 

It befell to my lot. .to-performe the part of a French Oratour 
by a deducted speech 1n the same toong. 
1v. 434 Though no deducted colony, 


Deductible (diédzktib’l), a. vare. [f. L. 
deduct- (see prec.) + -BLE.] Cap tie of being 
deducted. 

1856 Mrs. Brownitnc Aur. Leigh un. (1888) 71 Not one 
found honestly deductible From any use that pleased him. 


Deductile, a. rare— °. [ad. L. type déductil-is, 
f. déduct- Depuct.] 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Deductile, easy to be deducted. 

Deduction (drdv: kfan). Also 5 deduxion, 
5-6 deduccion, 6 deduccoun. [In some senses 
a. F. déduction (Oresme 14th c.), but in most ad. 
L. déduction-em, n. of action from L. dédiicére : 
see Depuct, Depucr.] The action of deducting. 

1. The action of deducting or taking away from 
a sum or amount; subtraction, abatement. 

1483 in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 110 The sayde Ri. shall be 
chargeable for the hoole somme..wythot ony deduxion. 
1496-7 Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 12 § 4 Any deduccion or 
abatement befortyme allowed. 1646 Sir T. Deo yNE Psend, 
Ep. iv. xii. 217 He dyed in the day of his nativity, 
out deduction justly accomplished the year of eighty one. 
1776 Smitu IW. N. 1. viii. (1869) 1. 68 His rent .. makes the 
first deduction from the produce of the labour which is 
employed upon land. 1827 JARMAN Powell's Devises 11. 
55 Ihe interest given to them was exclusive of, and with 
a deduction of, that sum. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. 
(1876) II. vii. 33 Charges of this kind must always be taken 
with certain deductions. 

b. That which is deducted or subtracted. 

1546 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 197 Wyth the yerely Resolutes 
and deduccions goyng out of the same. 1§§7 RecorpE 
Whetst. X j, For subtraction your nombers are sette downe 
after the common maner, firste the totall, and then the de- 
duction. 1703 T. N. City §& C. Purchaser 55 In taking 
out the Deductions for the Doors and Windows. 

2. A leading forth or away (sfec. of a colony) ; 
conduct. Now rare or Obs. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. v1. 455 Take such way, That you 
yourself may compass. . Your quick deduction by my father’s 
grace. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. x. 228 Deductions 
of Colonies, and new Plantations. 1832 Blackw. Mag. 
XXXI. 574 The solemn deduction (to use the technical 
term) of a legitimate Roman colony. 

+b. fig. A leading up: 4o something, intro- 
duction. Ods. rare. 

1513 More Rich. ///, Wks, 61 (R.) He sodainly lefte the 
matter, with which he was in hand, and without any de- 
duction thereunto. . began to repete those wordes again. 

+3. The action or result of tracing out or setting 
forth in order; a detailed narration or account. 
Obs. (CE. Depuce 4, DEDUCT v. 5.) 
a 1532 Remedie of Love (R.), Ordinately behoveth thee 
first to procede In deduction thereof [this werke]. 
Forio J/ontaigne 1. ix. (1632) 17 A long counterfet deduc- 
tion of this storie. 1670 Keveen Mem. (1857) Ill. 222 
Asolemn deduction and true state of all affairs and particu 

bed Cuesrerr. Le??, IL. clix. 71 It..gives a clear deduction 

the affairs of Europe from ‘the treaty of Munster to this 

time. 1826 C. Butter Life Grotius 34 We have thus 
brought down our historical deduction of the German 
Empire to the accession of the Emperor Charles. 

+4. Mus. The succession of notes forming a 
THexacHorD; the singing of these in order. Obs. 

1597 Morty /ntrod. Mus. 7 Now for the last tryall of your 
singing in continuall deduction sing this perfectly. 
Doutanp Ornith. Microl. 26 There are .. three Deductions 
of this kinde. 1876 Strainer & Barretr Dict. Mus. Terms. 

+5. The process of deducing or deriving from 
some source; derivation. Os. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb, ix. Notes 145 Affirming that our 
Britons from them. .had deduction of this nationall title. 
bowls Gare Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. ii. 12 The deduction of the 

reek Leters from the Hebrew. 175§ Jounson Dict., 
onamane Eng. Tongue, Etymology teaches the deduction 
of one word from another. 
b. concr. That which is derived. rare. 

@ 1835 Rickman Archit, 30 There may be some doubt, 
whether the modern Ionic box gn is o rather a deduction 
from the Ci than th 

6. The process of deduci or drawing a con- 
clusion from a principle already known or assumed; 


167 May Lucax | 5. Doctrines Traditional, Su 


ks 
1598 Yonc Diana Ded. | 


f out mph Nodingerriog 1651 
Hoses Govt. A iii. § 26 


> oa} of these Lawes 
is so pea Fra ete). 1 UTLER Anal. 1. vi. 
A matter i . 7 1 BetsHam 


1. i. 4 It follows by easy and irrefi leduction. 1860 
Bhai allows by Ths oe 


deriving facts from laws, and effects from their causes. 
a gave ocak Civiliz. (1869) 111. v. 291 By deduction we 
descend from the abstract to the concrete. 
b. ¢ransf. That which is deduced ; an inference, 
conclusion. 
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 461/2 Yet if he would 
-neither vse false deduccions of hys owne, nor refuse our 
deduccions r we deduce them wel. 1671 J. Wester 


Metallogr. i. 9 From all this we shall only draw 
Deductions. 1736 ButLer Axad. 1. ii. 35 It is not so much 
a Deduction eason, as a Matter of Experience. 


1876 
Freeman Norm. Cong. V. xxii. 21 The whole evidence .. 
bears out the general deductions which I have made. 
+7. Reduction. Ods. rare. (Cf. Depuct 7.) 
16s0 Butwer Anthropomet. 172 The Deduction and 
Moderation of their Excrescencie, 
Dedu‘ctional, a. vare. [f. prec.+-aL.] Of, 
pertaining to, or of the nature of deduction. 
1683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pordage's Mystic Div. 44 As 
3 eal 1, and Deductional, 
these are (world !) without en 


Deductive (did ktiv),a. [ad. L. déductiv-us, 
f. déduct-, ppl. stem of dédiicére to DEDUCE: see 
-ive. Cf. mod.F. déductif, -ive.] 

1. Of the nature of, or characterized by the use 
of, deduction; sfec. in Logic, reasoning from 
generals to particulars ; opposed to zmductive. 

1665 GLANvILL Scepsis Sci. xxiii. § 1 All knowledge of 


| causes is deductive. 1665 Hooke Microgr. D, The rational 


and with- | 


or deductive Faculty. 
metry is a Deductive Science. @ 1862 Buckie Misc. Wks. 
(187) I. 7 Women naturally prefer the deductive method to 
the inductive. : 

b. Of persons: Employing the method of de- 


duction ; reasoning deductively. 
1861 Tuttocu Eng. Purit. iii. 378 Of all the divines of his 
time, none was more bold, or deductive, 1867 Lewes //ist. 


Philos. 11. 153 The mathematical cultivators of Physics 
and the deductive cultivators of Philosophy. 

+2. Derivative. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. x. 38 He labours to intro- 
duce a secondary and deductive Atheisme, that although 
they concede there is a God, yet should they deny his pro- 
vidence. 

+ B. sb. Deductive reasoning ; a deduction. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. To Rdr., If there be any 
Errours .. in my Deductives, in ae or Applications. 

Deductively (d/dz'ktivli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY *.] In a deductive manner, by deduction, in- 
ferentially ; + by derivation or descent. 

a 1641 Br. Mou ntacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 132 Holinesse . 
deductively ee sed from himselfe to others, members and 
parts of his y mysticall. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. 
Ep. i. x.39 Yet doth it diductively and upon inference in- 
clude the same. 1857 WHeweit Hist. /nduct. Sc. 1. 114 
Which trace deductively the results. 1862 H. Spencer First 
Princ. i. viii, § 73 The truth as arrived at deductively, can- 
not be inductively confirmed 

Deductory (d/dv ktari), a. rare. [ad. L. dé- 
ductori-us, f. déductor, agent-n. from dediicére to 
DEDUCE : see -orY.] 

+1. Law. Having the effect of bringing a matter 
before a court (see DepucE 2b). Odés. 

1613 Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 490 Being not diductory to 
bring any matter into plea or solemne action, but onely 
Commandatorie or Prohibitorie. 

2. =DepuctivE a. 

1655 Futver Ch. Hist. 0 viii. § 3 A consequential and de- 
ductory felonie. er D. Huntine in National Rev. 
XIV. 219 Ascertain by fair deductory evidence. 

+ Deduit, 52. Ods. Forms: 3-4 dedut, 4 de- 
dute, dedwt, 4-5 deduit(e, 5 deduyt(e. See 
also Dure. [a. F. dédutt rath c. in Littré) :—L. 
déduct-um, subst. use of pa. a of dédiicére in 
sense of ‘divert’, In Prov, desduch, desdui, from 
desduire, desdure = ¥, déduire, L. dédticére.] 
Diversion, enjoyment, pleasure. 

1297 R. Giouc. (xyaq) 64 [H di in Peden iwend 
a Honuin = er Writ Palern so con tir rin 

y in dedut and in murbe. 1 Ficcall grin 
which 3 


the yere hath his deduit 
of fruit. _¢ 1450 cred ge This Dionas ee Ft ng 
deduyt of the wode an ec river. 1480 a Coit 


= XL Sapte Lido - lady rn Pog yt oe 
eg. 11 r t 
Sota of the world. neers ag 


+ Deduit, -e, 2//.a. Obs. rare. 


~ite, le. of déduire :—L. dédiicére: 
vor] rawn out, 

es | Chas. Gt. 26 He had the face deduyte in 
‘Ded 


tion (dididplike"-fi jan), Bot. [a. F 
déduplication, \atinized deriv. of F . dédoubler (des- 
doubler, 1429 in Hatzf.) to separate what is double, 
divide into two halves, f. des-, dé- (Dx- I. 6) + 
ae, to double.] Congenital division of one 

into two (or more) ; or 

Linptey /utrod, Bot, (1848) 1.332, I t I might 
extra the primitive meaning of the word iplication, 


[a. F. dédutt, 
see DE- 


1846 Mitt Logic u. iv. § 4 Geo- | 


DEED. 
and consider it with separation, dis} 
Ibid. The t theory. of ded — ication has its 
hn B s oh 1850 Gray 


365. Nag Stree Bot. “e t. soe Chniters etigtation 

; the division of that which Pigeon nt Sy ei one organ 
into two or more (a division which is’ of course congenital), 
so that two or more organs py the position of one. 

Dedur, obs. foam of of DrppER v. 

Dedut(e, deduyt(e, var. Depuir Obs. 

var, DEDIE v. and DEDEIGN v.2 

Dedyn, obs. pl. of did, from Do z. 

Dee (di), s4. Name of the letter D; applied to 
a D-shaped iron or steel loop used for connecting 

of harness, or for fastening articles to the 
Fiddle. cL DL 2. ) 

W. Fi Carriages (1801) I. The Collar- 
Ba, tt rin poe form as D, s th the front rin 
oe ae ie conkers to loop through j Bre are —— 
it some of a small size, 
pote a plated. “70 Len yore ae, bg ig ha So (Bush 73 
with strong 

iron dees driven frealy i into Breda Mang 1884 W.WestAt 
in Contemp. . July 69 The cheeks are furnished with 
‘dees’ for holding bridle and curb chain, 1888 Erwortny |. 
Somerset Gloss., Dee, an iron shaped like letter D. pe 
aie chico ee 

wit! 

b. Comb. dee-lock (see quot.) 

1888 E.wortuy W. Somerset Gloss., Dee-lock, a 
common, cheap kind of padlock, used for ates, etc. It is 
a simple piece of iron in the shape of letter D, having 
a joint at one angle and a screw working in a short pipe at 
the other. 

Dee (dz), v. Pronunciation of d-—— , euphem- 
istic for damn (see D I. 3); usually in pa. pple. 
deed (also deedeed ) = d—— d, damned. 

a 1845 Barnam J/ugol. Leg., The Poplar, We'll be Deed if 
itisn'tanO! x EADE Love me little iii. 25 Your three 

races are three deed fools. 1864 Lowett Fireside Trav. 
- whose works were long ago dead and (I fear) 
deedeed to boot. 

Dee, d’ee, earlier way of writing d'ye = do ye? 
do you? 

1611 CuapMan May Day Plays 1873 LI. 344 And how dee 
Sir? 16a5 Fretcner Fair Maid ui. oat De'e forsooth? 1632 
Brome Northern Lasse 1. ii, Dee hear 

Dee, var. of Dey ; ee aol f. Dre. 

Deea-nettle: see DEA-NETTLE. 

Deed (did). Forms: 1 W.Sax. déd, Anglian 
déd; 2-3 ded, 2-5 ded, 2-6 dede, (3 dead, dade, 
4-5 ‘dide, 4-6 dei e, 5 deyd(e), 5-7 deede, (6 
deade), 5- deed. [OE. déd, déd = OF ris. déde, 
OSax. déd (MDu. daet (dde), Du. daad), OHG., 
MHG. ¢ét (Ger. that, tat), ON. déd (Sw. ddd, Da. 
daad), Goth. déds:—OTeut. *dédi-s:—*dhéti's, f. 
verb root dhé:dhé, OTeut. d#:dé: see Dov. The 
second d from original ¢, is in accordance with 
Verner’s Law: cf. Dean. 

The early ME, ag ry ——— acc. déde, déde. 

The OE. pl. d#da, pealest ly became dede in 12- 
13th c. But this was grat with the aap weeee , whence, for 
distinction, new plu came into use after other OE. 


ypes, viz. deden in the south, dedes in the midl. and north ; 
ie former was still used ¢1 (Castel of Loue), but, as in 
other words, the -s form (found ¢ 1200 in Orwendumand Trin, 


Coll. Hom. ) eventually prevailed.} 
1. That which is done, acted, or performed by 


an intelligent or responsible agent ; an act. 
c8as Vesp. Psalter \xiii. 10 [Ixiv.9] And ondreord 
mon, & - werc goden, & dede 
sa 
hs 
ae was al f 
9 Hit is riht 
/bid. 15 To 


pao ie = e per mon Oe P' 1440 
romp. i le, or e, factum. 1491 Act 7 
US kd eee ward Ware 
gre Se Sa oe fe Se eames of the salt ee 


i? Ait Ae L. xt 
ey un 


256 pe = one act with many done Mayst 
cover. = Sonor agente Friend ix. (1887) 37 What are 
noble deeds noble truths realized? OWETT Plato 
(ed. 2) V. 52 Their deeds did not agree words. 


. An act of bravery, skill, etc. ; a feat; esp, in 
deed ple arms, and the ike. 
Syme data mn 
1 
i ac be cmt moche dede of armes. Barsou: 


I, 262 Desiryng 


of Armes. 1570 Sc. Satir. Poems Ri 
Searrik Mesgail deidis dotie "s60d Dero 


clxxvi, Thousands .. Whose deeds some nobler poem shall 
adorn, 1869 Tennyson Coming of Arthur 46 And a 
yet hed poe Pedy ere ghemsnns 1871 
7 Deeds of such iter avouchet). 
Jowett Plato Ed. )1 I. 609 Many great and wonder- 
ful deeds are recorded of your State. 
Tc. ‘Deeds of the Apostles: the Acts of the 
Apostles. Obs. 


¢1380 Wyciir Wes. (1880) 195 Peter saib in dedis of 


DEED. 


apostlis ». pat to him neiber was gold ne siluer.. 1382 — 
Acts (title), Heere begynnen the Apostles Dedes. 1533 Gau 
Richt Vay (1888) 37 In ye xx c. of the dedis of the Apostlis. 

2. (without @ or £/.) Action generally ; doing, 
performance. (Often contrasted with zword.) 

cx000 Aitrric Gram. xix. (Z.) 122 Deponentia verba signi- 
Jicant actunt pa alecgendlican word zetacnjad dede. c 1200 
Trin. Coll. Hom. 187 Pe man pe nis stedefast ne on dade ne on 
speche ne on bonke, 1297 R. Giouc, (1724) 501 Ower dede 
ne may be no wors, than ower word is. @ 1300 Cz7sor Al. 
3402 (Cott.) His suns dughti ware o dede.  ¢ 1386 CHaucrr 
Pars. T. ® 282 panne worl sle him with my hond in dede of 
synne. c1460 Towneley ot x At the begynnyng of oure 
dede Make we heuen & erth. ¢ 1500 Welusine 371 In som 
cas the good wylle of a man is accepted for the dede. 1667 
Mitton P. L.v. 549 To be both will and deed created 
free. 1871 Ruskin Fors Clav, I. ii. 5 The strength of 
Hercules is for deed not misdeed. : 

b. collect. Doings; ado, to-do. dial. 

I W. Marsuatt £. Yorks. Gloss., Deed, doings; 
whent deed, great to-do, 1828 Craven Dial., Deed, doings. 
*There’s sad deed, I’ll uphodto.’ 1855 Rosinson Whitby 
Gloss., ‘Here’s bonny deed!’ great to do.. ‘Great deed 
about nought’, large stir about trifles. 1867 WaucH Home 
Life Factory Folk xvi. 145 (Lanc. Dial.) ‘Aw consider we’n 
had as hard deed as anybody livin.’ : 

+3. Thing to be done, work (in contemplation) ; 
the task or duty of any time or person. Ods. 

c 1325 Z. FE. Allit, P. C. 354 On to prenge per-pur3ze 
[a city] watz pre dayes dede. ‘c 1400 Destr. Troy 274 Sone 
he dressit to his dede no dyn made, And made vp 
a mekyll ship. ¢ 1460 Towneley Myst. 57 Vo dykeand delf, 
bere and draw, and to do all vnhonest deyde. “1580 Nortu 
Plutarch (1676) 812 You shall..set the poor distressed City 
of Syracusa again on foot, which is your deed. : ; 

4, Law. An instrument in writing (which for this 
purpose includes printing or other legible repre- 
sentation of words on parchment or paper), pur- 
porting to effect some legal disposition, and sealed 
and delivered by the disposing peer or parties. 

Signature to a deed is not generally required by English 
law, but is practically universal; and in most jurisdictions 
outside England where English law or legal forms prevail, 
signature has been substituted for or made equivalent to 
sealing. Delivery (q.v.) is now a moribund formality. 
Contracts of most kinds, as well as dispositions of property 
inter vivos, may be made by deed, aad in common practice 
are often so made. 

¢ 1300 R. Brunne Chyon, (1810) 69 Edward. .suore..to me 
.:his heyre suld I be. Perof he mad me skrite..& for to 
sikere his dede, set per to his seale. id. 259 Bituex him 

pe was mad a priue dede .. Forto feffe him ageyn in pat 
tenement. 1362 Lanct, P. PZ. A. 1. 81 In pe Date of be 
deuel Deede was a-selet, Be siht of sir Symoni and 
Notaries signes. 1435 Nottingham Rec. II. 358 For ye ex- 
chaunge of Heyberd Stener be a ded undder ye seel of his 
armes. CI Mar.oweE Faust. v. 35 And write a deed of 

ift with thine own blood. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. ww. ii. 1 

nquire the Iewes house out, giue him this deed, And let 
him signe it. 1613 Bury Wilds (Camd. Soc.) 162 As I and 
the said Edmond longe agoe did give vnto her by a jointe 
deede of guift. ~~ Perxins Prof. Bk. ii. § 130. 58 A writing 
cannot be a deed if it be not sealed. 1767 Biacksrone 
Comm, Il. 295 A deed is a writing sealed and delivered by 
the parties..it is called a deed..because it is the most 
solemn and authentic act that a man can possibly perform, 
with relation to the ao we of his property. 1844 WiLuiams 
Real Prop. (1877) 148 The sealing and delivery of a deed 
are termed the execution ofit. 1893 Sir J. W. Cuitty in Law 
Times’ Rep. LXVIII. 430/1 The statute .. requires a deed 
in cases where formerly a mere writing would have sufficed. 

5. Phrases. +a. With the deed: in the act. Obs. 

c1450 Erle Tolous 522 Of myrthe schalt thou not mys; Thou 
schalt take us wyth the dede. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xx. 
ii, And it be sothe as ye saye I wold he were taken with the 
dede, 1585 T. Wasuincron tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie w. 
xxxili. 156 The Adulterer being found with the deed. 

b. Jn deed: in action, in actual practice. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 13830 (Trin.) Pe lif pat he ledep in dede 
Hit is ey 6 oure lede. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2138 
Ariadne, And every poynt was performed in dede. cx 
Gesta Rom. i. 2 (Harl. MS.), I am redy to fulfille alle in 
dede bat pou wolt sey vnto me. 1553 T. Wrtson Rihct. 
(rs80) 29, I trust that not onely all men will commende 
justice in worde, but also will livejustly in deede. 1613 Sir 
H. Fincu Law (1636) 202 Offering to beat one, though he 
doe not beat one in deed, 1862 Stantey Yew. Ch. (1877) I. 
vii. 130 Graven images. -Set up in deed or in word. 

c. Ln deed, in very deed, + of very deed (Sc.) : 
in fact, in effect, in reality, in truth ; hence INDEED. 

c 1386 Cuaucer Pro. 659 But wel I woot he lyed right in 
dede. 1535 CoverpaLe 2 Chron, vi. 18 For thinkest thou 
that God in very dede dwelleth amonge men vpon earth? 
1549 Compl. Scot. xv. 123 Thai ar my mortal enemes of 
verray deid. 1581 W. Furke in Confer. m1. (1584) Siij, They 
eate not the body of Christ in deede. 1615 BEDWELL Mohami, 
Jp. ut. § 97 They are in very deed holy bookes: 1862 Lp. 
Broucuam Brit. Const. App. iii. 458 Making all principles 
be treated in very deed as the counters wherewith the game 
of faction was to be played. 1862 Stantey Yew. Ch. (1877) 
I. xiv. 273 The chiefs became the chiefs in deed as well as 
in name, 

6. Comb., as + deed-doer, +-doing; deed-achiev- 
ing, -worthy adjs.; deed-box, a box, usually of 
tin-plate, for keeping deeds or other documents in ; 
deed-offering, Coverdale’s word in some instances 
for the ‘ peace-offering’ of the 1611 version. Also 
DrEp-BotE, DrED POLL, 

1607 Suaks. Cor. . i. 190 By *deed-atchieuing Honor 
newly nam'd. 1835 Marryat Jac. Faithf, xxxi, Taking 
with him the tin-box (it was what they called a *deed-box', 
1858 Lp. St. Leonarps Handy Bk, Prop, Law xiv. 85 It 
is advisable to keep your own securities in your own deed- 
box at home. r, ALL Chron. 20 b, Thei would be lokers 
on and no “dede doers. 1663 Spatpinc 7roub. Chas. J 


117 


(1792) I. 272 (Jam.) But the deed doer was fled. c 1380 
Wieus Wks. (1880) 70 Pe *dede doynge is proff of loue, as 
gregory seip. 1586'l. B. La Primaud. hr. Acad. 430 One 
of his horse-keepers..taking him at the deed doing. .be- 
stowed so many blowes on him. .that he left him half dead. 
1535 CovERDALE 2 Sas. vi. 17 And Dauid offred burnt offer- 
ynges and *deed offerynges before ye Lorde. 1865 J. Grore 
Treat, Moral Ideas viii, (1876) 103 *Deedworthy conduct, 


or the faciendum. 
Deed (did), v. Us. [f. Deep sb.J 


convey or transfer by deed. Also fig. 

1816 J. Pickerinc Vocabulary 76 Vo deed..We sometimes 
hear this word used colloquially; but rarely, except by 
illiterate people .. None of our writers would employ it. 
1828 Wesster Deed, to convey or transfer by deed; 
a popular use of the word in America ; as, he deeded all his 
estate to his eldest son, 1865 Jorn. Star Sept., A..complete 
farm. .in Connecticut has been deeded over to his wife. 1890 
Century Mag. Jan. 475/1 The act of 1864, deeding to that 
state the Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Tree Grove. 

Deed, adv. In 6 dede. Aphetic form of “deed, 
INDEED; now chiefly Sc. 

1547 CoverDALE Old Faith Prol. A vij a, Let vs be true 
scolers of the same; and dede, let vs euen entre in to the 
natureand kynde therof. 1816 Scotr Antzig. xxxvi,‘’Deed, 
sir, they hae various opinions.’ 1848 THAcKERAY Van. Fair 
235 ‘’Deed and she will’, said O'Dowd. 1868 Ramsay 
Renmin, 183 ‘Deed’, said thelaird..‘ 1 wad ha’ wondered if 
ye had.’ 

Deed, -e, obs. forms of DEAD. 


trans. To 


+ Dee'dbote. O%s. Also dedbote, dead-, 
dedbote. [OE. ded deed + ddt, Boor 56.1 10, 


amends, expiation.] Amends-deed, penance, re- 
pentance. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. iii. 2 Dod ded bote. c 1160 
Hatton G. ibid., Dod deadbote. ¢1175 Lamb. Hon. 21 Mid 
sodde dedbote his sunne bi reowsumnesse. _c 1200 OrMIN 
9191 Sannt Johan..bigann to spellenn pa Wibp fulluht off 
dedbote. a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 372 Bireousunge and dedbote 
uor sunne. 1340 Ayend. 33 Amendinge and dedbote. 13.. 
Verses Palm-Sunday in Rel. Antiq. 11. 243 Wyth sorwthe 
of aa and schryft of mouthe, Doth deedbote this tyme 
nouth. 

+ Dee'ded, 2. Ods. [f. Drrp sd. + -rp%. 
Characterized by deeds (of such a kind). 

1606 Warner 4/d. Eng. 377 Well educated of the king, and 
proving nobly deeded. 

Deedeed : sce DEE v. 

Deedful (dz-dfil), a. [f. Duep sé. + -ruL.] Full 
of deeds, active, effective. 

1834 Blackw. Mag. XX XV. 150 He isa trusty and deedful 
friend to that bold. .insurgent. 1842'l'ENNYSON 7o—,A deed- 
ful life. 1879 J. TopnuntEr Adcestis 3 That fair past, 
Bright with our deedful days, is all our own. 

Hence Dee'dfully adv., actively, effectively. 

1615 T, ApAms Lycanthropy 9 It is not yet enough to go 
speedfully and heedfully except also deedfully. 

Deedily (drdili), adv. dial. [f. Derpy+-Ly 2.] 
Actively, busily. 

1813 Jane Austen Lett. II. 173 They are each [busy] 
about a rabbit net, and sit as deedily to it, side by side, as 
any two Uncle Franks could do. 1815 — Emma (1870) 
II. x. 204 Frank Churchill. .most deedily occupied about her 
spectacles. 1859 Burton in Jnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 241 
They row in ‘spirts’, applying deedily to their paddling. 

+ Deerding, v6/. sb. Obs. rare—1. [f. DEED sd. 

+-1NG1,] Actual doing, carrying out in deed. 

1606 Warner Add, Eng. xvi. ciii. 407 And in the Deeding 
none more tough. 

++ Deerdle. Odés. or dial. An alteration of devil. 

1653 Urqunart Radelaist. xii, What a deedle [guediantre], 
you are it seems but bad horsemen. 


Deedless, 2. Without action or deeds, 

1598 Row.anps Betray. Christ 28 Thy deedlesse words, 
words ynconfirmed by truth. @ 1625 FLetcuer Bloody Bro. 
1v. iii, Th’ undaunted power of Princes should not be Con- 
fin’d in deedless cold calamity. 1 Biackxie Zo Mr. 
Gladstone in Pall Mall G. Mar., And to dull length of 
deedless days retire. 

b. Of persons: Performing no deeds, doing 
nothing, inactive ; also dzal., incapable, helpless. 

1606 Suaks. Tr. § Cr. wv. v. 98 Firme of word, Speaking 
in deedes, and deedelesse in his tongue. 1621 G. SANDYS 
Ovid's Met. vit. (1626) 140 The generous Horse..Grones at 
his manger, and there deedlesse dyes. 1718 Pore //iad v. 
796 What art thou,who, deedless, look’st around? 1855 Roin- 
son Whitby Gloss., Deedless, helpless, indolent. ‘ A deedless 
sort of a body.’ 1870 Morris Larthly Par. I. 11. 503 As 
deedless men they there must sit. 

Deed poll, deed-pol]. Also 6 poll deed. 
[See Potu.] Law. A deed made and executed by 
one party only; so called because the paper or 
parchment is ‘ polled’ or cut even, not indented. 

[1523 Fitzuers. Surv, 20 Estates made of free lande by 
polle dede or dede indented.] 1588 FrauNcE Lawiers Log. 
U, iii, 89 b, The nature of a deede indented and a deede 
polle. 1628 Coxe On Litt. 229 A Deed poll is that which 
is plaine without any indenting, so called, because it is cut 
euen, or polled. 1767 Brackstone Comm. Il. 296. 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 357 George Everinden by deed- 
poll..did give, grant, and confirm, to his two daughters, all 
the rents and profits of two tenements, 1847 C. G. AppisoNn 
Law of Contracts 1. i, § 1 (1883) 22 Deed poll. 

Deeds, dial. form of deads (see Duan a. B. 4), 
waste material from an excavation. 

1802 C. Fintater Agric. Surv. Peebles 131 (Jam.) What is 
taken out of the ditch (vernacularly the deeds) [to be] thrown 
behind this facing to support it. 1825 Brocketr 1. C. 
Words, Deeds, rubbish of quarries or drains. 

Deed-sicke, -sleyer: see Deap a. D. 2. 
De-educate: see Dz- II. 1. 


| 


DEEM. 


Deedy (didi), a. dial. [f. Deep sb. + -x1: 
found first in the combination ILt-DEEDY.] 

1. Full of deeds or activity; active. 

[c 1460 Towneley Myst. 320 Riche and ille-dedy, Gederand 
and gredy. 1535 Lynprsay Satyre 4028 Luke quhat it is to 
be evil-deidie.] 1615 T. Apams Lycanthropy 7 In a mes- 
senger..is required..that he be speedy, that he be heedy, 
and that he be deedy. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 72 The 
horse of that Country are..more deedy, and full of metall. 
1721 Cisser Double Gallant u1. i, If she is not a Deedy 
Tit at the Bottom, I’m no Jockey. 1787 Grose Provinc. 
Gloss., Deedy, industrious, notable. Berksh. 1876 J. Evuis 
Cesar in Egypt 135 A deedy conclave were we. 1883 G. 
Macpvonatp Castle Warlock I. xvii. 263 Grizzie was live as 
the new day, bustling and deedy. [Also in Glossaries of 
Mid-Yorks., Whitby, Berks., Hampshire, etc.) 

+2. Actual, real. Ods. rare. 

1781 Cowper Let. to Newton 18 Mar., There are soldiers 
quartered at Newport and at Olney. These .. performed 
all the manceuvres of a deedy battle, and the result was 
that this town was taken. 1788 — Let. to Lady Hesketh 
27 June, Retirement indeed, or..what we call deedy retire- 
ment. 

Deef(f, deefe, obs. forms of Drar. 

+ Deeful, defull, var. of, or error for de/ful, 
DOoLEFUL. 

61380 S7r Ferm. 4208 ‘ Alas !’ said he..‘pis is a deeful 
byng!’ c1460 Emare 606 Sertes this ys a fowle case, And 
a defull dede. 

Deeken, obs. form of DEAcon. 

Deel(e, obs. ff. Dean, Dein (Devin), Doe. 

De-electrify, de-electricize: see Du- II. 1. 

Deem (dim), v. Forms: 1 déman, 1-2 déman, 
2-4 demen, 2~7 deme, (3-6 deame, 4-5 dem, 
deyme, 5 dyme, 6 Sc. deim, 7 dim), 4-7 deeme, 
5-deem, /Pa.¢.and fa. pple. deemed: 1 démde, 
démed, 3-7 dempt. [A Common Teut. derivative 
vb.; OE. déman, déman = OFris. déma, OS. 
a-dimian (Du. doemen), OHG. tuomian, tuomen 
(MHG, tiiemen), ON. déma (dema), (Sw. dima, 
Da. domme), Goth. démjan:—OTeut. *démjan, f. 
dimo-z, Goth. dém-s, judgement, Doom. Cf. 
Deme sd., Doom v.] 

+1. zutr. To give or pronounce judgement ; to 
act as judge, sit in judgement ; to give one’s deci- 
sion, sentence, or opinion ; to arbitrate. Ods. 

In OE. construed with a dative of the person, ‘to pro- 
nounce judgement to, act as judge to’, equivalent to the 
trans. sense 1n 2. , 

¢ 825 | esp. Psalter ii. 10 Alle 6a Se doemad eordan. 97 
Blickl. Hom. 11 He cymep to demenne ewicum & deadum. 
¢ 1000 Aes. Gosp. Matt. vii. 2 Witodlice 6am ylcan dome be 
ze demad, eow byd zedemed. — John viii. 15 Ge demad 
zfter flasce, ic ne deme nanum men [c 1160 //atlox G., 
Ich ne deme nane men]. @ 1300 Cursor A/.17415 (Cott.), If 
yee pan rightwisli wil deme, Yeild vs ioseph bat yee suld 
yeme, 1393 Gower Conf. I. 304 They..toke a juge ther- 
upon..And bede him demen in this cas. c 1440 CapGRave Sé. 
Kath. in. 1464 She .. Spak and commaunded, bothe dempte 
and wrot. 1§56in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 262 To 
arbytrate, deme, and judge betwixt the said Citie and.. 
John Wayte. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal, Aug. 137 Neuer 
dempt more right of beautye I weene The shepheard of Ida 
that iudged beauties Queene. 

+ 2. crans. To judge, sit in judgement on (a per- 
son or cause). Ods. 

The construction with a personal object takes, in Northum- 
brian and ME., the place of the OE. const. with dative in 1. 

¢ 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii.2 In dam dome zie doemes 
ze Bion gedoemed [Rushw. G2. ze beob doemde}. — John 
viii. 15 Ic ne doemo znigne monno. c 1200 7rin. Coll. 
Hom, 171 Ure drihten cumed al middeneard to demen. 
Lbid. 225 Pat sal deme pe quica and be deade. a 1300 
Cursor M. 21965 (Cott.), In pe first he com dempt to be. 
1382 Wyciir Yohx xvi. 11 The prince of this world is now 
demyd. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 59/2 Moyses satte & 
juged & demed the peple fro moryng vnto euenyng. 1596 
SPENSER /. Q. Iv. iii. 4 At th’ one side sixe iudges were dis- 
pos'd, To view and deeme the deedes of armes that day. 
1605 Heywoop 1st Pt. /f you know not me Wks. 1874 1. 
203 Deeme her offences, if she haue offended, With all the 
lenity a sister can. 1609 Skene Neg. May. 111 Thou Judge 
be ware, for as ye deme, ze sall be demed. 

+b. To rule (a people) as a judge. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 7283 (Cott.), Fourti yeir dempt he israel. 
c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 280 Edward now he wille, 
pat Scotlond be wele 3emed, And streitly in skille porgh 
wise men demed. 

ce. To administer (law). arch. 

1393 Lanav. P. PZ. C. v. 175 By leel men and lyf-holy my 
lawe shal be demyd. 1718 Br. Witson in Keble Zi/e xii. 
(1863) 397 That .. the 24 Keys may be called, according to 
the statute and constant practice to deem the law truly. 
1887 Hatt Caine Deemster viii. 54 The Deemster was 
a hard judge, and deemed the laws in rigour. 

+d. To decide (a quarrel). Ods. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. v. cxxv. 105 To suffre his quarell to 
be demyd by dynt of swerde atwene them two. 

+3. To sentence, doom, condemn (¢o some 
penalty, ¢o do or suffer something). Ods. 

ax000 Elene 500 (Gr.) Swa he..to cwale monize Cristes 
folces demde, to deabe. ¢ 1175 Lamb. Hom. 73 He wurd 
idemed to polien wawe mid dovelen in helle. c 1200 7 yin. 
Coll. Hont. 223 Pe sulle ben to deade idemd. a 1300 Cursor 
M. 15343 To-morn dai sal i be dempt On rode tre to hang. 
cy Gasccen Sompn. T, 316 For which 1 deme the to 
deth certayn. 1426 AupELay Poems 12 Leve he is a lyere, 
his dedis thai done hym deme. 1529 Rastett Pastyme . 
(1811) 243 For whiche rebellyon they were there demyd to 
dethe. 1602 in J. Mill Diary (1889) 180 John Sinclair. . 
is dempt to quyt his guddis, = 


DEEM. 


+b. fig. To pass (adverse) judgement upon; to 
condemn, censure, Ods. = 
men dedis oft i 


ay Cursor M. 28148 (Cott. 
~ ag 1488 Caxton Chast. he can 2x Many 
UNBAR Poents 


thynges they deme and blame. 1500-20 


xviii. 36 Wist thir folkis that vthir demis, How that thair _ 


sawis tovthir semis. 1555-86 Satir. Poems Reform. xxxvii. 
B Do quhat 3e dow, detractouris ay will deme 30u. 1598 
. Fercusson Scot. Prov., Dame, deem warily ; ye watna 
wha wytes yersell. o c 
+4. To decree, ordain, appoint ; to decide; deter- 
mine ; to adjudicate or award (a thing /o a person), 
tr. Beda’s Hist. w. xxix. [xxviii.] (1891) 368 Ne wes 
wedre sona his halgunge zedemed. a 1000 Exeter Bh. 
Vii. 16 Nafre God demed pat zniz eft bas earm 3 . 
¢ 1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 He demad stidne dom pam forsune- 
3ede. c 1205 Lay. 460 He habbed idemed Pat ich am duc 
ofer heom.  /did. 22116 He hzhte alle cnihtes d rihte 


118 


¢ 1384 Cuaucer H. Fame n1. 88 Thow demest of thy selfe 
amys. c1400 Rom. Rose 2198 Of hem noon other deme 
Ican. c1440 Generydes 4710 Wele I wote in hym ye demyd 
amys. 1581 Sipney 4, Poetrie (Arb.) 24 Let vs see how 
the Greekes named it [ yairy ead haves Say deemed <f 5. 
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 146, I l..give you 
so good occasion to deeme well of me. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 
vill. 599 Though higher of the genial Bed by far, And 
with mysterious reverence I deem. 1762 Biackstone in 
Gutch Cold. Cur. 11. 362 These capital | ‘d 
the Editor. .to deem with less reverence of this Roll. 1814 
Scorr Wav. \xi, Where the ties of affection were highly 
deemed of. 1860 J. P. Kennevy Horse Shoe R. ix. 105, 
I cannot deem otherwise of them. | 

+ 8. To think 40 do something, to expect, hope. 

cx400 Afol. Loll. 51 Symon Magus .. was reprouid of 
Petre, for he demid to possede pe 3eft of God bi money. 
1819 Byron Fuan u. clxxii, A creature meant To be her 
happi and whom she deem’d To render happy. 


domes. a 1300 Cursor M. 21445 (Cott.) Pe quen has biden 
us to deme To pe al pat to right es queme. ¢ 1386 CHaucer 
Doctor's T. 199, 1 deme anoon this clerk his seruaunt haue. 
1399 Rolls o Parit, IIl. 452/1 The Lordes..deme and 
ajuggen and decreen, that [etc.]. c 1400 Destr. Troy 606 
Whateuer ye deme me to do. 1464 Paston Lett. No. 493 II. 
166 Fynes therefore dempt or to be dempt. 1483 CaxTon 
Gola. Leg. 72/2 In demyng of rightful domes. 1 
19 Hen, 
deyned demed & declared .. that [etc.]. 
Chron, 11. 13 The Epistle, in the which Grego 
that the Church of Yorke and of London should be even 
Peres. «@ 1605 Montcomerie Flyting 373 Syne duelie they 
deemde, what death it sould die. 


+b. To decide (¢o do something). Obs. 


1568 GRAFTON 


-4 Act | 
T/, c. 38 Preamb., It was enacted stablisshed or- | 


c 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut, 1089 3e han demed to do be dede | 


pat I bidde. 

+ 5. To form or express a judgement or estimate 
on; to judge, judge of, estimate. Ods. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 290 Euer bihold hire wurd pet he paide 
uor hire, and dem perefter pris. ¢ 1325 E. E. Addit. P. (A.) 
312 To leue no tale be true to try3e, Bot pat hys one skyl 
may dem. 1388 Wycur Matt. xvi. 4 Thanne 3e kunne 
deme the face of heuene, but 3e moun not wite the tokenes 
of tymes. c 1400 Nom. Rose 2200 A cherle is demed by his 
dede. 1533 Extyor Cast. Helthe Proem (1541) A iv b, 
I desyre men to deme well myne intente. 1596 SPENSER 
hea Love 168 Things hard gotten men more dearely 

eeme. 

+b. To judge between (things), to distinguish, 
discern. Oés. 

1530 Parser. 511/1 A blynde man can nat deme no coulours. 
1581 Ricn Farewell (1846) 67 He is not able to deeme 
white from blacke, good from badde, vertue from vice. 
1596 Spenser /’. Q. v. i. 8 Thus she him taught In all the 
skill of deeming wrong and right. 

+e. intr. To judge of, to distinguish Je/qweer. 

1340 Ayend, 82 Pet hi ne reer ines pane day uram pe 
ny3t, ne deme betuene grat and smal. a154z Wyat Of 
Courtiers Life 94 Nor Flaunders chere lettes not my syght 
to deme Of blacke and white. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 
1. (1625) 27 Here, by judging of our estate, thou maist 
accordingly deeme of our pleasures. b/d. 1. 111 Convers- 
ing among such as have discretion to deeme of a Gentleman. 

6. To form the opinion, to be of opinion; to judge, 
conclude, think, consider, hold. (The ordinary 
current sense.) 

a. intr. or absol. (Now chiefly parenthetical.) 

a 800 Corpus Gloss. 440 Censeo,doema. cc goo tr. Beda's 
Hist.1. xvi. [xxvii.] (1890) 86 be ic demo [ut arbitror). 
c1000 Aitrric Gram. xxvi. (Z.) 155 Censeo ic deme ic 
asmeage. c 1385 CHAuceR L. G. W. 1244 (Dido) And demede 
as hem liste. c ae — Clerk's T. 932 For sche is fairer, as 
thay demen alle, Than is Grisild. “a 1400 Relig. Pieces /r. 
Thornton MS. (1867) 20 To fele and with resone to deme. 
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 15 He is not. -here in 
the countrey, but as I deeme and you have enformed, about 
London. 1725 Pore Odyss. 111.61 He too, I deem, implores 
the power divine. 

b. with 047. and complement (sb., adj. or Pple., or 
infin. phrase ; + formerly often with for, as). 

c¢x205 Lay. 22140 re king demde for-lore. a@ 1225 
Ancr. R. 120 Pet tu schalt demen pi suluen wod. a 1300 
Cursor M, 26814 (Cott.) It mai nan him for buxum deme. 
1340-70 Alex. $ Dind. 218 Oure doctourus dere, demed for 
wise. ¢c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 102, 1 demede him for 
deed, ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5163 Pai demed it 
better all’ to dye. x Haut Chron. eis What so ever 
jeoperdy or perill might bee construed or demed, to have 
insued. 1582 Petrie Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1. dr 586) 35 
A vertue which ier deeme yourselfe to have. 1628 Dicsy 
hed Medit. 51, 1 deemed it much my best and shortest way. 
1681 P. Rycaut Critick 201 He went to the House of the 
World, which was always deemed for a Deceiver. 1697 
Dryven Virg. Past. 1.9 For never can 1 deem him less 
than God. 1754 Suespeare Matrimony (1766) I. 45 
Deemed as very unjust in Gaming, 1827 Jarman Powell's 
Devises 11, 293 A general permission el to have 
been deemed sufficient. 1852 Miss Yonce Cameos I. xxxii. 
277 Harold. .deemed it time to ri these inroads, 1875 
Jowrtr Plato (ed, 2) V. 398 Works.. which have been 
deemed to fulfil their design fairly. 

c. with ¢hat and clause. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 24250 Men gunnen demen pat nes i nane londe 
burh nan swa hende, _¢1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's 7, 
940, I ought to deme. . That in the salte see my wyf is deed. 
©1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. ii. (1544) 5a, Nembroth, . Dempt.. He 
transcended al other of noblesse. ¢ 1450 Merlin 10 She demed 
that it was the enmy that so hadde hir begiled. 1397 Hooker 
Eccl. Pol. v. i. (1611) 184 Wee ma: boldly deeme there is 
neither, w h are not. 1739 Metmotn /itsosb. Lett. 
(7763) 291 Nor dempt he, ae wight, no mortal may The 
blinded god..when he list, foresay. 1887 Bowen Virgil 
anit 1, 371 (1889) 126 Deeming we come with forces 

i 


ww 
7. intr, To judge or think (in a specified way) of 
@ person or thing. 


| announce, declare; to tell, say, utter. 


+9. trans. To think of (something) as existent ; 
to guess, suspect, surmise, imagine, Ods. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 528 Ne deme no dishonesty in your 
derfe hert, Pof I put me pus pertly my purpos to shewe. 
1470-85 Matory Arthur x. xxvi, As Kynge mark redde 
these letters, he demed treson by syr Tristram. 1586 A. 
Day Eng. Secretary \. (1625) 114 Your imaginations doe 
already deeme the matter I must utter. 1 Parismus 
1. (1661) 15 All the companie began to deeme that which 


_.demed | afterward proued true. 


b. zutr. To think of, have a thought or idea of. 
1814 Cary Dante (Chandos) 302 The shining of a flambeau 
at his back Lit sudden ere he deem of its approach, 1818 
Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxxvii, Something unearthly which 
they deem not of. 

+ 10. trans. To pronounce, proclaim, celebrate, 
Also intr. 
with of. {An exclusively poetic sense, found already 
in OE., probably derived from sense 4. Cf. also 
ON. deéma in poetry, to talk.] 

arooo Fat. Apost. (Gr.) 10 Per hie dryhtnes 2 deman 
sceoldon, reccan fore rincum. a@z1000 Guthlac (Gr.) 498 
Pat we xfastra dade demen, secgen dryhtne lof ealra bara 
bisena. c¢ 1205 Lay. 23059 A‘lles ne cunne we demen [c 1275 
telle) of Ardures deden. c1zas E. E. Addit. P. C. 119 
Dyngne Dauid..pat demed pis speche, In a psalme. ©1330 
R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 154 Alle per lymmes, how 
pai besemed, In his buke has Dares demed, Both of Troie 
& of Grece. 
dizt, to deme be sobe. a 1400-50 
dryfes to pe duke, as demys [Duédd. A178. tellys] textis. 
1547 Surrey Aeneid u. 156 Then some gan deme to me 
‘The cruell wrek of him that framde the craft [crudele cane- 
bant artificis scelus). 

+b. with double obj. To celebrate as, style, call, 
name. poetic. Obs. 

cgag FE. E. Adit. P. B. 
is demed euer more. /éid, 1611 Baltazar. .Pat now is demed 
Danyel of derne coninges. 

+ Deem (dim), s+. Ods. [f. DEEM v.] Judge- 
ment, opinion, thought, surmise. 

1gor Douctas Pad. on. 1986 And he quhylum was borne 
pure of his deme. 1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. 1v. iv. 61 How 
now? what wicked deeme is this? 1629 Gave //oly 
Madn. 163 Honour what is it; but an imposed..Hight, 
and Deeme? 1648 Symmons lind. Chas. J, 292 Much wrong 
should they have in the world’s deem. 

Deeme, obs. form of Dime, 


Deemed (dimd), A//. a. 
Judged, thought, supposed. 

1667 H. More Divine Dial. n. xxviii. 346 Then with pure 
Eyes thou shalt behold..That deemed mischiefs are no 
harms. 1671 Mitton P. &.1. 21 And with them came From 
Nazareth the son of Joseph deemed. 

Deemer (di‘ma1). Forms: 1 domere, 1-5 
démere, 3 demare, 3-5 demer, 5-6 demar, 5- 
deemer. [OE. damere, f. déman to DEEM; see 
-ER1,] One who deems. 

+1. A judge. Ods. 

c Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xii. 27 Da doemeras [indices] 
bidon iuera. ar2z2zg Ancr. R. 306 Let skile sitten ase 
demare upon be dom stol. 1 Wycur Ps. vii. 12 God 
rijztwis demere [1388 just iuge]. cx440 York Myst. xxiii. 
142 So schall bothe heuen & helle Be demers of pis dede. 
¢ 1440 Promp. Parv, 118 Demar (P. or domes man), judica- 
tor. cxg80 C'ress Pemproxe Ps. cxix. V ii, Then be my 
causes deemer. ‘ 

2. One who deems, judges, or opines; + one who 
censures or (unfavourably) criticizes others. 

c1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr, xv. 37 (Gibbs MS.) Pat powe 
be not a uumptuouse and temerarye deemer of men. 
1500-20 Iunsar Poems xviii. 42 To wirk vengeance on ane 
demar. 1§§7 Sir J. Cuexe in T. Hoby tr. Castigdione’s 
Courtyer (1561 fin., Counted rae a deemer of 
thinges. 16r0 Barroucn Afeth. Physick Ep, Ded. (1639) 2 
Plato that most grave and wise deemer of the state — 
cal, 1854 Trencu Synon. N. 7. xi. 44 Our profound English 
proverb, ‘ Ill doers are ill deemers’, 

+b. One that distinguishes or discriminates. Ods, 

c 1400 L 's Cirurg.29 Ne be skyn of be fyngris endis 
..ne schulde nou3t be a good demere in a? 
cold [etc.]. 1548-77 Vicary Anat. ii. (1888) 23 The Skinne 
+ is P  b he should be a good deemer 
of heate from colde, 

Deeming (d7miy), vd/. sd. [-1nG},] 

+1. Judging, judgement. Oés. 

+303 . Brunne Handi. Synne 1495 3yf he — 
fully At hys demyng getyphemercy, c 1440 Prom, 
%, 


[f. Deem v. + -ED.] 


ty- 
aru. 
or udicium. 
is wise shalle crist.. the day of his demyng. 


©1350 IVill. Palerne 151 Hire deth was neiz | 
Alexander he Panhe | 


1020 Forpy be derk dede see hit 


form’ deemster is that proper to the Manx judges, 
and has been used in the general sense as a histo- 
rical archaism by some modern writers.] 

1. A judge. Oés. or arch, in general sense. 

[a1300 Cursor M. 5585 (Fairf.) Prest & demestre [v. 77”. 
demister, demmepster, domes man] forsothe say I.—For other 
examples see Dempster.) 1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) 
VI. xlix. 206 The deemster, or judge, delivers to the woman 
a rope, a sword, andaring. 1820 Edin. Rev. XXXIV. 192 
King Sigurd .. craved that the d should p 
sentence of outlawry. 1857 Six F. Parcrave Norm. § 
Eng. 11. 258 The decree was the Deemster's ‘ Breastlaw’. 

2. The title of each of the two justices of the Isle 
of Man, one of whom has jurisdiction over the 
southern, the other over the northern division of 
the island. 

1611 SreeD Theat. Gt. Brit. x\vi. (1614) 91/1 All con- 
troversies are there [Man Iland] determined by certaine 
judges. .and them they call Deemsters and chuse forth among 
themselves. 1656 J. Cuatoner Descr. I. of Man in Dr. 
King Vale Royail iv. 30 There are four Merchants. .chosen 
..and sworn by the Deemsters. _ Kesie Life . 
Wilson v. 163 The steward was assisted in these trials 
one or both of the Deemsters. 1883 Birm. Weekly Post 
15 Dec. 3/: His honour Richard Sherwood, her Majesty's 
Northern Tosmuter, or second judge of the island. Denese 
ter Sherwood was appointed one of the judges of the island 
in March last. 

Deen(e, obs. forms of Dean!, Din. 

Dee-nettle: see DEA-NETTLE. 

Deep (dip), a Forms: 1 diop, déop, 2-3 
| deop, 2-5 dep, (3 dop, deap, dup, 4 dipe, dupe, 
| duppe, (Ayend.) dyep), depe, (5 deype, 5-6 
| Sc. deip, 6 deape, diep(e), 5~7 deepe, 4— deep. 


Compar. deeper; in 1 déopre, 4 deppere, 4-6 
depper. Suferl. deepest; in 1 déopost, 4 dep- 
perste, 4-5 deppest(e, 5 deppist, dyppest. [A 
Com, Teut. adj.; OE. ot déop = OF ris. diop, diap, 
diep, OS. diop, diap (MDu., Du., LG. diep), OHG. 
| tiof (MHG., mod.Ger. tief), ON, djupr (Sw. djup, 
Da. dyb), Goth. diups:—OTeut. *deupo-s, -d, -o, 
belonging to an ablaut series deup-, daup-, dup-, 
whence OE. dyppan (:—dupjan) to Dir ; pre-Teut. 
root dhub:dhup. The regular early ME. form was 
dép; the forms dife, diip, diipe, dyep, co d 
to an OE. by-form diefe, dype, with ablaut ; perh. 
taken from déepe, dype, Dexr sb.] 
I. Literal senses. 

1. Having great or considerable extension down- 
ward, 

854 Chart. in Cod. Dipl. V. 111 Of lusan porne to deopan 
delle, cxrooo Ags. Gosf. be iv. 18 oy pytt is deop. 
¢ 1205 Lay. 647 He lette makien enne dic pe wes wnderliche 
deop [e rm ¢ swipe deap]. 1497 R. Grouc. (1724) 6 Grante- 
brugge and Hontyndone [have] mest plente of dup fen. 
¢1300 St. Brandan 574 Ich caste him in a dupe dich. 33. . 
Poems fr. Vernon MS. 578 Schip is more siker in luitel 
water Pen in pe deope see. 1340 A yend, 264 Helle is. .dyep 
wyp-oute botme. ¢ Avow, Arth. xvii, Ina 
c14g0 St. Cuthbert ‘s rtees) 1679 Twa bestes come fra 
depe se. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM co Glasse a4 

reate deepe valleis, 1594 Suaxs. Kick. ///, 1. i. 4 In the 
Teepe poowe of ——— buried. i Lirucow 7rav. 

2 buried in deep graves. 1774 
Gonnets, ‘Nat. Hist, por Pe Boles, fr) ta as not to 
be fathomed, 1819 Suetvey “vagy, Serpent 4 Through 
the deep grass of the meadow. 1860 Tynpatt Glaciers 1. 
vii. 55 [Che stream] had cut a deep gorge in the clean ice. 

b. Having great or considerable extension inward 
from the s\ or exterior, or backward from the 
front. 

axo0o Riddles Wii. 4 (Gr.) Headoglemma feng, deopra 
dolga. ¢xago Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 3060) ses is wund 
dop ant wide, 3300 Cursor M. 12923 (Cott.) He .. yode 
in-to depe ¢€ Destr. Troy 1876 Lt woundes 
151 uGLAS Aineis vu. vili. 2 Mony 
wild beistis den and deip caverne. 1662 J. Davies tr. 
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass, 88 She me a Handker- 
cher.. with a deep frindge. Hooke Microgr. 181 
A Convex-glass. zg ane Mech. Exerc. 127 Make 
bgt Fy fo 
| Wraxatt Jour 3 Very 

» a twenty Raulich roles ta ngth. 
Summer & Winter 12 When birds die In the deep forests. 
1842 Tennyson Morte D'Arthur 5 His was deep. 
. Having a (specified) dimension downward. 
a word 


The depth is sometimes indicated by 
knee-dech. 
imon’s Gen. 1 (Ge) *Finena stod deop ofer 


giving the equivalent of a measu 
@ 1000 C, 


‘DEEP. 


might cover the Earth in 
Scotr Woodst, xxviii, 
.. almost ancle-deep in dew. 1832 Examiner 
44/2 The ditch.. was eight feet deep. 1875 F. Hatt in 
Fin tara | Mag, XVI. 750/2 The mud was everywhere 
ankle-deep. . . 2 5 . 
b, Having a (specified) dimension inward from 
the surface, outer part, or front ; spec. (with simple 
numeral prefixed) of persons, chiefly soldiers, 
having (so many) ranks standing one behind an- 


other. 

1646 H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 63 The A gto is but 
skin deepe. 1698 Fryer Acc. E./ndia 107 The first File. . 
was as deep as the Street would admit. 1703 Moxon Mech, 
Exerc, 127 The Front-Room is 25 Foot, and the Back- 
Room t5 Foot deep. 1780 Lancron in Boswell Yohnson 
(1848) 646/2 The company began to collect round him.. 
four, if not five deep, 1835 Burnes Trav. Bokhara (ed. 2) 
I. 133 Five regiments. .drawn up in line, three deep. 1838 
Turriwat Greece III. xxiii. 280 The Thebans. .stood five- 
and-twenty deep. : ; 

3. Placed or situated far (or a specified distance) 
down or beneath the surface; of a ship, low in the 
water. b. Far in from the margin, far back. 

¢1000 Ags. Ps, cxiv, 8 Pu mine sawle .. ofer deopum deabe 
gelaeddest. a 1340 Hamroie Psalter ix. 8 pai pat has synned 
mare sall be deppest in hell. c1q00 Maunpbev. (1839) xxiv. 
255 This Lond of Cathay is in Asye the depe. 1641 Br. or 
Lincotn in Cobbett Parl. Hist. 1807 I1. 798 Yet shall you 
find St, Paul ..intermeddle, knuckle deep, with Secular 
Affairs, 1669 Srurmy Mariner's Mag.1. ii. 19 It is a hot 
Ship, but deep and foul .. a Prize worth fighting for. 1697 
Drypen Virg. Georg, 11. 548 The frozen Earth lyes buried 
there .. seven Cubits deep in Snow. 1720 De For Caf/, 
Singleton xiv. (1840) 246 We were now a very deep ship, 
having near two hundred tons of goods on board. 1842 FE. 
Witson Anat. Vade M. 334 The deep veins are situated 
among the deeper structures of the body. 1885 Gen. Grant 
Personal Mem. \. xxi. 297 A portion of the ground .. was 
two feet deep in water. ‘ 

4. Of physical actions; Extending to or coming 
from a depth ; also ¢vansf. of agents. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 437 b/t He maketh a depe encly- 
nacion. 1589 R. Harvey P/. Perc. 15 To be compted high 
fliers and deepe swimmers. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biond?’s 
Eromena 106 Fetching a deepe sigh. 1712 AppIson Sfect. 
No. 159 P8, [here fetched a deep sigh. 1784 Cowrer Zask 
v. 64 Fearful of too deep a plunge. 1866 HuxLey Physiol, 
iv. (1869) 102 In taking a deep inspiration. ; 

+5. Of —— or roads ; Covered with a depth of 
mud, sand, or loose soil. Ods. 

cr Cuaucer Friar’s T, 243 Deep was the way, for 
which the carte stood. ¢c1470 Henry Wadlace v. 285 His 
hors stuffyt, for the way was depe and lang. 1523 Act 14- 
15 Hen. VIII, c.6 Many other common waies .. be so depe 
and noyous, by wearyng and course of water. 1632 Lirucow 
Trav, v1, 253 We. .incountred with such deep sandy ground. 
1748 SmMottett Rod. Rand. viii, To walk upwards of three 
hundred miles through deep roads. 1828 C. Croker Fairy 
Leg. 167 The roads were excessively deep, from the heavy 
rains. [We now say ‘deep in mud, dust, etc.”] 

II. Figurative senses. 
* Of things, states, actions, etc. 

6. Hard to fathom or ‘get to the bottom of’; 
penetrating far into a subject, profound. 

c1ooo Ags. Ps. xcifi]. 4 Weran Sine gebancas pearle 
deope. cxr200 OrmIN 5501 Off all be boc i Godess hus 
Pe deope dizhellnesse. /4/d. 7205 Bisshopess off dep lare. 
1325 £. E. Allit. P. B. 1609 For his depe diuinité & 
his dere sawes. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1553 Pai left 
all depe questyouns, 1535 Coverpate Ps. xci{i]. 5 Thy 
thoughtes are very depe. x600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa i. 
315 A man of deepe learning. 16rx Biste 1 Cor. ii. 10. 
1798 Ferriar J/lustr. of Sterne i. 5 They suppose a work 
to be deep, in proportion to its darkness. 1860 Ruskin Mod. 
Painters V. vu. iv, 150 A deep book .. for deep people. 1875, 
Hewes Anim. § Mast, iv, 86 In this work..hopeful that 
I should find something very deep, and very significant, 

b. Lying below the surface; not~ superficial ; 
profound. 

1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Char. Wks. (Bohn) II. 60 It 
is in the deep traits of race that the fortunes of nations are 
written. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 6 In all that belongs 
to its deeper significance. 1874 — Compromise (1886) 28 OF 
these deeper causes, the most important ., is the growth of 
the Historic Method. 

+7. Solemn; grave: a. of oaths, protestations, 
etc. Ods, Gs OE. also of divine messages, etc. : 
Awful, dread, stern.) 

a 1000 Czdmon's Exod. 518 (Gr.) Moyses sezde halize 
sprece, deop zrende. @ 1000 Guth/ac 641 (Gr.) Purh deopne 
dom, ¢ 1000 Ags. Ps, cxxxi. 1x Pxs deopne 4p Drihten 
aswor, 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 233 Grettore ob non nys, Pan 
by pe olde chyrche of Glastynbury [h]wo so dep ob nome. 
1587 Turserv. 7vag. 7. (1837) 117 To sweare by deepe And 
very solemne othes. 1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. vii. 25 
Nor are the deepest sacraments. .of any force to perswade, 
1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. 59 Beleeving the sellers deepe 
protestation, 

+b. Of grave consequence or effect; grave, 
serious, weighty, important. Ods. 

1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen, IV, 1, she Tle reade you Matter, 
deepe and dangerous. 1605 — Macd. 1. iii, 126 The Instru- 
ments of Darknesse..Winne vs with honest Trifles, to be- 
tray ’s In deepest consequence. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. vi, 
This is a deep and serious verity. x7xx ADDISON Sfect, 
No. 26 » 6 A View of Nature in her deep and solemn Scenes, 

8. As an attribute of moral qualities or of actions 
in which sinking or abasement is present, 

a, Of sin, crime, guilt (into which one may fall 
or sink): Grave, heinous, 

@ 1000 Guthlac 830 (Gr.) Onguldon deopra firena. a 1000 
Fuliana 301 (Gr.) Purh deopne gedwolan, ¢ 1200 77in. Coll, 


Earth u. (1722) 221 The Waters 
eee about so Miles deep. x1 
ng 


at 


119 


Hom. 73 Panne pe sinfulle man beod bifallen on depe sinne. 
@ 1400-50 Alexander 1866 A depe dishonoure 3e do to 3oure 
name. 1594 Suaks, Rich. //1, u. ii, 28 And with a vertuous 
Vizor hide deepe vice. 1605 — Macd.1. vii. 20 ‘The deepe 
damnation of his taking off. Mod. He is in deep disgrace. 
b. Of humility, or of things humble or lowly. 

a@z225 Ancr. R, 246 Auh habbe 3e dope dich of deope 
edmodnesse. 1340 Ayend. 211 He ssel to god grede mid 
dyepe herte. [1843 CartyLe Past §& Pr, (1858) 159 Letters 
. answered with new deep humilities,] : 

9. Deep-rooted in the breast; that comes from 
or enters into one’s inmost nature or feelings; that 


affects one profoundly, 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 265 With depe desire of delite. 1594 
Suaxs. Xich, /TT, 1, iv. 69 1f my deepe prayres cannot ap- 
pease thee. 1697 DrypeN Virg. Georg. 1. 451 Deep Horrour 
seizes ev'ry Humane Breast. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 
389 A deep sense of Honour. 1709 SteELe Zatler No. 107 
» 1, [ sawin his Countenance a deep Sorrow. 1795 SOUTHEY 
Foan of Arc 1x. 13 Through every fibre a deep fear Crept 
shivering. 1832 Hr. Martineau Demerara i. 7 Alfred .. 
yet entertained a deep dislike of the system. 1855 MAcAuLay 
Hist. Eng. 111. 107 The matter, they said, is one .. in which 
every Englishman .. hasa deep interest. 1891 E. Peacock 
N. Brendon Il. 72 John’s feelings were too deep for 
words. = 

10. Said of actions, processes, etc. in which the 
mind is profoundly absorbed or occupied. 


1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 127 From the deep 
consideration and hard suppose of my present evils. 1658 


Sir T. Browne //ydriot, Introd., In the deep Discovery of | 


the Subterranean World. 179r Mrs. Rapcurre Rom. 
Forest v, Gazing on her with that deep attention which 
marks an enamoured mind. 184x Lane Arad, Nts. 1. 85 
He passed the next night in deep study. 

+11. Said of things involving heavy expenditure 
or liability ; expensive; heavy. Ods. 

1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 616 Ye Merchants lode them 
with deepe and unreasonable prices. 1649 — Cases Consc. 
43 The deep expence he hath beene at. 1655 FuLLER C/. 
Hist, u. vi. § 5 The people paid deep Taxes. 171x0 Swirr 
Frnt. to Stella 29 Sept., I have the first floor, a dining-room 
and bed-chamber, at eight shillings a week; plaguy deep. 
1728 Vansr. & Cis. Prov. Huséd, 1. i, Overjoy’d for winning 
adeep Stake. 1781 Cowrer Exfostulation 608 Chargeable 
with deep arrears. ; 

b. Of drinking, gaming, or other practices. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 131 Deep swearings, 
not only needlesse, but also hurtfull. 1709 Swirr Adz 
Relig., That ruinous practice of deep gaming. 1732 Berkr- 
LEY Alciphr. ii. § 4 She took a turn towards expensive 
Diversions, particularly deep Play. 1827 Scorr ¥rn/.8 Jan., 
He could not resist the temptation of deep play. "1838 
THIRtWALt Greece V, xlii. 220 Deep drinking was customary 
among the Thracians, [Here there is a mixture of senses.] 

12. Of conditions, states, or qualities; Intense, 
profound, very great in measure or degree. Of 
actions: Powerfully affecting, mighty, influential. 

1605 Br. Hatt Medit. & Vows . § 50 Without a deepe 
check to my selfe for my backwardnes. 1616 tr. De Dominis’ 
Motives 13 This consideration. .hathindeepe measure seized 
upon mee. 1642 Rocers Naaman 11 If the Lord having 
man at a deepe, yea infinite advantage. 1873 Morey 
Rousseau 1,188 That influence. .[gave] a deep and remark- 
able bias, first to the American Revolution, and a dozen 
years afterwards to the French Revolution. 1 Joo 
Duncan Dis. Women xx. (ed. 4) 162 And in order to their 
examination, the deep influence of an anesthetic is necessary, 

b. Said esp. of sleep, silence, and similar con- 
ditions, in which one may be deeply plunged or 
immersed. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health (1587) 34a, The 83. Chapter 
doth shew of a terrible and depe slepe. c 1585 ?7J. Po-mon 
Famous Battles 262 They maye be wrapped in deepe 
silence. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 84 Drowned in deepe and 
thick darkenes. x16rx Bist 2 Cor. viii. 2 Their deepe 
pouertie abounded vnto the riches of their liberalitie. 1734 
tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) VII. xv. 345 Which at last 
ended in deep consumption. 1805 Worpsw. Waggoner 1. 6 
In silence deeper far than that of deepest noon. 1853 Kanr 
Grinnell Exp. xxxii. (1856) 279 Now comes the deep still- 
ness after it, 

c. Used of the intense or extreme stage of 
winter, night, etc., when nature is ‘plunged’ in 
darkness or death, 

@ 1555 Latimer Sern. § Rent. (1845) 323, I would be very 
loth, now this deep winter ..to take such a journey. 1593 
Suaks. 2 Hen. VI, 1. iv. 19 Deepe Night, darke Night, the 
silent of the Night. 1607 TorsELL Four S. Beasts ( 1658) 4 59 
In the deepest cold weather he cometh into the Mountains 
of ng 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. Hib, To Rdr. 3 In her 
deepe and declining age. 2797 Mrs. Rapcuirre /tadian vii, 
It was deep night before he left Naples. 1806-7 J. Beres- 
ForD Miseries Hum, Life (1826) v. iii, During the deepest 
part of the tragedy. 82x Joanna Barwuie Met. Leg., 
Columbus xlix, But when the deep eclipse came on. 1851 
Hawrtnorne Wonder Bk., Gorgon’s Head (1879) 87 It was 
now deep night, 

13. Of colour (or coloured objects) ; Intense from 
the quantity of colour through or on which one 
Peg highly chromatic, .The opposite of faint, 
thin, 

1555 Even Decades 236 Iacinthes..are best that are of 
diepeste colour, ¢ 1600 SHaks. Sov. liv. 5 The canker- 
blooms have full as deep a dye As the perfumed tincture of 
the roses. 1665 Hooke Microgr, 7 1 manner of Blues, 
from the faintest to the deepest. Thi, As the liquor grew 
thicker and thicker, this tincture appear’d deeper and deeper. 
1668 Excell. Pen & Pencil 8x In putting the deep and dark 

lows in the Face. 1799 G. Smitn Laboratory 1. 394 
According as you would have it deeper or lighter. @ 1839 
Praep Poems (1864) I. 6 Like the glow of a deep carnation, 
1873 Brack Pr. of Thule x. 164 Deeper and deeper grew 
the colour of the sun, 


DEEP. 


b. Qualifying names of colours. 

Orig. with sbs. of colour, as ‘a deep blue’ (F. 2 dle 
Joncé); when the colour word is used as an adj., deep be- 
comes functionally an ady., and is sometimes hyphened : 
cf. Deer adv, 2, 3b. 

1597 Suaks. Lover's Comfl. 213 The deepe greene Emrald. 
1665 Hooke Microgr. 73 Of a deep Scarlet colour. 1776 
Wituerinc Brit. Plants (1796) 11. 485 Petals. deep orange. 
1831 Brewster Offices xi. 99 Deep crimson red. 1883 L'foo/ 
Courier 25 Sept. 4/6 Glittering on the deep blue dome, 

ce. Deep mourning : complete or full mourning : 
that which symbolizes deep grief. 

1722 Lond. Gaz. No, 6084/6 ‘The Coachman in deep 
Mourning. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W’. xviii. » 6 A lady dressed 
in the deepest mourning. 1863 Mrs. Cartyce Le?/. III. 167 
[She] was very tall, dressed in deep black. 

14. Of sound (or a source of sound): Low in 
pitch, grave; full-toned, resonant. 

1591 Suaxs, 1 Hex. VJ, 11. iv. 12 Between two Dogs, which 
haththe deeper mouth. 1610 — 7emzf. m1. iii.98 That deepe 
and dreadfull Organ-Pipe. 1629 Mi.ton Ode Nativity xiii, 
And let the bass of heaven's deep organ blow. 1704 Pore 
Autumn 20 And with deep murmurs fills the sounding 
shores. 1828 Scott /. M7. Perth ii, ‘Why, so I can’. .said 
one of the deepest voices that ever answered question. 
1886 Pali Mall G. 28 Sept. 14/1 He possesses a very fine 
deep bass voice. 

b. with mixture of senses. Cf. 7, 9. 

1605 Suaks. AZacé. v. iii. 27 Curses, not lowd, but deepe. 
1818 Snettey Lev. /slam vu. vii, They began to breathe 
Deep curses. 

+15. Far advanced (in time), late. Obs. rare. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 1v. i, 1 marle how forward 
the day is..’slight, ’tis deeper than I took it, past five. 

** Of persons, and their faculties. 


16. ‘Having the power to enter far into a sub- 


| ject’ (J.), penetrating, profound; having profound 


knowledge, learning, or insight. 

¢ 1200 OrMIN 7084 Patt haffdenn dep innsihht and witt. 
¢1400 Destr. Troy 9237 Of wit noble, Depe of discrecioun. 
1577-87 Hotinsuen Chron. II. 43/2 A deepe clerke, and one 
that read much, 1594 Suaks. Rich. 1/7, 11. vii.75 Meditat- 
ing with two deepe Diuines. c 1610 Mipp.ETov, etc. Widow 
1. il, I shall be glad to learn too, Of one so deep as you are. 
1640 Br. Hatt /fisc. 1. v. 20 Wise Fregivillaus (a deep 
head, and one that was able to cut even betwixt the league, 
the Church, and the State). @ 1661 FutLER Worthies (1840) 
III. 212 He was no deep seaman. 1749 Firtp1nc 7om Yones 
xv. vi, The deepest politicians, who see to the bottom. 1781 
Cowrer Conversation 741 The World grown old her deep 
discernment shows, Claps spectacles on her sagacious nose. 
1856 Emerson Lng. Traits i. Wks.(Bohn) II. 9 He [Carlyle] 
was clever and deep, but he defied the sympathies of every- 
body. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 19 There is none of 
Plato’s writings which shows so deep an insight into the 
sources of human evil, 

17. Profound in craft or subtlety ; in mod. slang, 
profoundly cunning, artful, or sly. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 758 He was close 
and secret and a depedissimuler. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 
776 Oh depe and wretched dissimulation. 1594 SHaks. 
Rich. ITT, u. i. 38 Deepe, hollow, treacherous, and full of 
guile, 1663 Butter Hud. 1.1. 743 There is a Machiavelian 
plot .. And deepdesign in't. 1688 SHapweit Sgr. Alsatia 
II. (1720) 63 Fools ! nay there I am sure you are out : they 
are all deep, they are very deep and sharp. 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 485 »8 Which is the deeper man of the two. 1861 
Dickens Gt. Expect. xxxii, You're a deep one, Mr. Pip. 
1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., ‘ He's as deep as a well’, and 
. He's as deep as Wilkes’, are common expressions to indi- 
cate subtilty and craft. 

18. Of an agent: Who does (what is expressed) 
deeply, profoundly, gravely, excessively. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 242 b, Amonge the most 
depe synners. 1594 SHaks. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 73 Two deepe 
enemies, Foes to my Rest. 1615 STEPHENS Satyr. Ess. 
st 2) 378 Yet she is a deepeIdolater. 1722 Dr For Cod. 

‘ack (1840) 279 She had been the deepest sufferer by far. 
1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. i. (1875) 9 Shakspeare was 
no deep reader. 1884 A. R. Pennincton Wiclif ii. 28 
A great favourite with deep thinkers, 

19. Much immersed, involved, or implicated (2 
debt, guilt, ruin, drink, etc.) ; far advanced, far on. 

Often passing into the adverb. 

1567 Damon & P. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 76 For all their 
high looks, I know some sticks full deep in merchants’ 
books, 1587 R. HovenveN in Collectanea (Oxford Hist. 
Soc.) I. 215 Being .. deepe in your Lordships debt. 1594 
Suaks. Rich, //,1. iv. 220 For in that sinne, he is as deepe 
as I. 1600 — A. Y. L. iv. i. 220 How deepe I am in loue. 
1638 Junius Painting of Anc.58 Comming from a drink-feast 
..deepe in drinke. 1662 Hospes Coxsid. (1680) 6 To his 
dammage some thousands of pounds deep. 1771 T. Hutt 
Sir W. Harrington (1797) 1. 53, I shall be at as great 
a loss, being that sum deep with my banker already. 1782 
Cowrer Boadicea 16 Rome shall perish.. Deep in ruin as 
in guilt, 1784 — Task v. 494. The age of virtuous 
politics is past, And we are deep in that of cold pretence, 
1856 Macteop in Crump Banking i. g The Plebeians.. got 
deeper and deeper into debt. 

b. Greatly immersed, engrossed, absorbed (cz 
some occupation). 

2735 Pope Ef. Lady 63 Now deep in Taylor and the Book 
of Martyrs, 21746 Gray Lett. to ¥. Chute Wks. 1884 II. 
131, I was in the Coffee-House very deep in advertisements. 
1820 Byron Mar, Fal.1.i.3 Still the Signory is deep in 
council. 1855 Brownine By the Fireside iii, There he is at 


it, deep in Greek. 
rit. Examples of the comparative and super- 
lative. Cf, also DrEpMost. 
a 1000 Czdmon’s Exod. 364 (Gr.) Done deopestan drenc+ 
doppant Bole capseWeeny See Wie ik ee 
5 IF Sel, Se . e) rste 
1398 Trevisa Barth, Dev, ax 


place of helle, » RK, xiv. ly. 


DEEP. 


(Tollem, MS.), Pe depper [1495 deper] be diche is withinne. 
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 21 To pe deppest place. 1503 
Hawes Examp. Virt. xiii. 278 n went we downe to 
a depper vale. 1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage vin. v. 760 Still 
waters are deepest. 1651 Hosses Leviath. mi, xxxviii. 242 
As well the Grave, as any other cenyet rie 

b. The superl. is used aéso/, = deepest part. 

Ri ad A Seay aren 7. Into be drapes a ke 

um. ¢ Saxton Sonnes of Aymon iv. 115 y 
wente Gwtlfed in the depp of the fe of Ardeyne. 
1856 Aurelio § Isab. (1608) c, From the depest of the earth 
unto the greatest height of the heaven, a 186x Croucu 
Song of Lamech g2 And in his slumber’s d he beheld 
.-our father Cain. wh 

V. Comb. a. Attributive uses of phrases, as deep- 
mouth (= DEEP-MOUTHED), deep-water, DEEP-SEA. 

1795 J. Puiutrs Hist. Inland Navig. 324 A deep-water 

canal at this — would be ae 1806 Sporting 
Mag. XXVIII. 192 A deep-mouth Norman hound. 1890 
Nature 10 Apr. 541 There will be no deep-water channel 
into the river. F : 

b. Parasynthetic derivatives, forming adjectives, 
as deep-bellied (deep belly + -ed), having a dee 
belly, -6rained, -browed, -chested, -coloured, -ditched, 
-eyed, -flewed, -nosed, -piled, -sighted, -thoughted, 
-throated, -toned, -vaulted, -voiced, -waisted, etc. 


1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1744/4 A dark brown Mare..fat, and | 
1597 SHaxs. Lover's Compl. 209 *Deep- | 


*deep-bellied. 
brained sonnets. a 182x Keats Sonn. Chapman's Homer, 
*Deep-browed Homer. 1838 James Rodder i, He was both 
broad and *deep-chested. 1770 Hamitton in Phil. Trans. 
LXI, 22 “Deep-coloured flames burst forth. 1548 Hatt 


120 


r Gower Conf. Il. 200 They go by night unto the 
ane A wilde ‘am into the aepe Th 
Yallace vi. 719 A thousand 


Chron. 56 No stronger walled then *depe ditched. 1818 | 


Suetrey Rev. Zslam 1. li, Sculptures like life and thought ; 
immovable, *deep-eyed. 1735 SomeRVILLE Chase 1, 286 The 
*deep-flew'd Hound Breed up with Care. 1846 J. Baxter 
Libr, Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 219 All light sharp-nosed dogs 
will always be much more inclined to riot than deep-flewed 


dogs. 1889 Yarrett Brit. Fishes (ed. 3) 11. 406 The *Deep- | 


nosed Pipe-fish is immediately recognised by the compressed 
form of the face. 1876 Rock 7ext. Fabr. 67 A dark blue 
*deep-piled velvet. 1622 Massincer Virg. Mart. u. i, 
Pimpled, *deep-scarleted, rubified, and carbuncled faces. 
1577 B. Gooce /eresbach's Husb, 11. (1586) 128 A long, 
a large, and *deepe sided body. a 1797 H. Watrote Alem. 
Geo. [II (1845) I. viii. 117 Wholesome and “deep-sighted 
advice. 1668 Lond. Gaz. No. 272/4 A “deep skirted Saddle 
of red Cloth. 1882 7ises 27 June, English wools .. of the 
*deep-stapled class. 1839 J. R. Dartey /utrod. Beaum. & 
Fl, Wks. (1839) 1. 17 Jonson. .repaid both with the follow- 
ing *deep-thoughted lines. x rs. Browntnc The Dead 
Pan xxii, The hoarse *deep-throated ages Laugh your god- 
ships unto scorn, 1780 Cowrer Progr. Err. 605 Strike on 
the “deep-toned chord the sum of all. 1876 Gro. Eecsor Dan. 
Der. UI. xxxvi. 86 With deep-toned decision. 1842 Tenny- 
son Gardener's Dan. 45 Fields.. browsed by *deep-udder'd 
kine. 1671 Mitton P. A. 1. 113 Hell's *deep-vaulted den. 
1847 Loner. Ez, 11. v. 247 The *deep-voiced..ocean. | 1769 
Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Encastillé, *deep-waisted, 
or frigate-built ; as opposed to galley-built. 

Deep (dip), s¢. Forms: 
deope, 4-6 depe, 4-7 deepe, 5-6 Sc. deip(e, 
(8 dip (sense 8)), 6- deep. [OE. déof, neuter of 
déop a., used subst. ; also déepe, dye, in non-WSax. 


| ‘Tennyson Palace of Art \vi, God, before whom ever 


1 déop, dype, 4 | 


déope depth, deepness = OS. diupi, diopi, OHG. | 


tiuft (Ger. tiefe), ON. dypi, Goth. diupet :—OTent. 
ae diupin-, {. deupo-z DEEP.] 

+1. Depth, deepness. Obs. rare. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 5 Hig nafdon pare eorpan 
dypan [c 1160 Hatton G. deopan}. 1624 Bacon New 
Atlantis Wks. (1676) 259 Caves of several — 1635 L. 
Foxe N.-W, Voy. 128 Hee lessed his deepe 3 fathom. 

2. The deep part of the sea, or of a lake or river 
(opposed to shallow) ; deep water ; a deep place. 

a 1000 Caedmon's Exod. 281 (Gr.) Ic sloh garsecges deop. 
c¢1000 Ags. Ps. Ixviii. 14-15 Ado me of deope deorces 
waeteres.. Ne me huru forswelge sa-grundes deop. 1483 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 58/2 And sancke doun in to the depe o 
the see. ¢ 1500 Melusine 273 They had take the deep of 
the porte, 1568 Grarton Chron. IL. 325 The Frenchmen.. 
passed by and tooke the deepe of the Sea. 1682 CurTHam 
ig aah Vade-m. xxxiii. § 1 Dib in the still deeps. 1700 
S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. 265 Till we were quite out of the deep, 
and in full sight of the Land. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. 
iv, Some silent, high-encircled mountain-pool, into whose 
black deeps Dn fear to gaze, 1 Kincs.ey Heroes Vv. ii. 
(1868) 155 hey sailed on through the deeps of Sardinia. 
1865 J.G. Bertram Harvest of Sea (1873) 108 The best 
— for this kind of fishing are the deeps at Kingston 

ridge, Sunbury Lock. od. A ship crossing Boston a 

3. The deep: a. The deep sea, the ocean, the 
main, foetic and rhetorical (without pl.) 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gos. Luke v. 4 Teoh hit [scip] on ive 
{c 1160 Hatton G. deopan]. ¢ 1315 SuoreHaM 146 Fisches 
ine the depe. c 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's 7.357, I schal 
drenchen in pe deepe. @ > Alexander 64 Dromonds 
dryfes ouer be depe. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N. ut. i. 161 They 
shall fetch thee Iewels from the deepe. 1614 Br, Hatt 
Recall. Treat. 442 The swelling waves of the Deepe. 1662 
Bk, Com. rise Burial at Sea, We therefore commit his 
body to the 1713 Streets Englishman No. 26. 171 
Monsters of the p. 1801 CampseLt Mariners of Eng. 
iv, Britannia needs no bulwark, No towers along the steep ; 
Her march is o'er the mountain waves, Her home is on the 
pe a 1870 Bryant /éiad 1. 1, 65 Barks To cross the dark 

ue deep. 

+b. Formerly also in Z/. in same sense. Obs. 

1598 Cuapman J/iad 1.310 They .. cast The offal of all to 
the deeps. . Pet Jmprov. Sea Ep. Ded. A iij b, 
Among the rds wonders in the Deeps. 1738 Pore 
Odyss. 11. 372 The dangers of the deeps he tries. /dfd. mt. 
q1o The monstrous wonders of the deeps. 

ce. The abyss or depth of space. (Sometimes 


a fig. use of a,) 


1855 Sincteton Virgil 1. 331 
Who in a deep of cliff the fates doth chant. 


‘depth’. Oés. 

1530 PAtsGr. 543/1 In the depe of wynter, all flowers be faded 
quyte awaye. 1598 SHaxs. Merry IW. 1v. iv. 40 Many that 
do feare In deepe of night to walke by this Hernes Oake. 
a 1661 Hotypay Yuvenal 13 An hour at the deep of winter, 
being but a twelfth part of their shortest day. 1682 Bunyan 
/Toly War8o The Containn also, in the deep of this Winter, 
did send. .a summons to Mansoul. 

7. fig. A deep (7e. secret. mysterious, unfathom- 
able, or vast) region of thought, feeling, or being ; 
a ‘depth’, ‘abyss’. poet. and rhet. 

1614 Be. Hart Recoll. Treat. 631 Hee is happily waded 
out of those deepes of sorrowes, whereof our conceites can 
finde no bottome. 1632 Lirncow 77av. x. 485 Low plunge 
my hopes, in dark deepes of despaire. 1781 Cowrer Xetire- 
ment 135 'To dive into the secret deeps within. 1820 SHELLEY 
Ode Liberty ix, From the human spirit’s deepest deep. 1832 

Tie bare 
The abysmal deeps of Personality. _ 

8. Naut. A term used in estimating the fathoms 
intermediate to those indicated by marks on the 
20-fathom sounding-line. Formerly also dif. 

The marks are at 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20 fathoms; the 
‘deeps’ or ‘dips’ are therefore 1. 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 
18, 19. 

1 ; Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) M m iv, As there is no 
mark at 4, 6, 8, &c., he estimates those numbers, and calls, 
“ By the dip four, &c.’ ¢ 1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 
42 How many marks and deeps are there in a 20-fathom 
lead line? ine marks and eleven dee 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Hand-line, a line bent to the hand-lead, 
measured at certain intervals with what are called marks and 
deeps from 2 and 3 fathoms to 20. 1882 Nares Seamanshi, 
(ed. 6) 17 If he judges that the depth corresponds wit 
a deep, [the leadsman calls] ‘ by the deep 8 or 9, etc,’ 

9. Comb., as deep-commanding, 

c 1590 Greene Fy, Bacon xi. 112 Hell trembled at my 
deep-commanding spells. 

Deep (dip), adv. Forms: 1 diope, déope, 3 
diep, 3-6 depe, 4 dep, dipe, 5-7 deepe, 6— deep. 
Comp. deeper, superl. deepest ; also 2 deoppre, 
4 deppere, 4-5 depper, 5 deppir; 4 deppest, 
depperst. [OE. d/ope, déope = OS. diopo, diapo, 
OHG. tiufo (MHG. tiefe, Ger. tief).] 


1. Jit, Deeply; to, at, or with, a great, or speci- 


edolgod, dumb in 
deihwamliche 
(Cott.) 


heore put deoppreand d 
fi 4 ben 


Pan fell pai depe. cr 


That they may stumble on, and deeper fall. 1727 Swirt 
laden that she 

Skirl. 1. 33 His 

of his , 

b. éransf. in reference to time: Far on. 

1822 Scorr Nigel xviii, The Abbess ..died before her 
munificent pat who lived deep in Queen Elizabeth's 
time. 1872 Dixon Tower III. xx. arr three men sat 
up deep into the night. 1890 W. C. Russet Ocean Trag. 
itt xxx, 137 The work ran us deep into the afternoon, 

@. Ino le deep and the like, the adv. approaches 
the adj. 

a 1704 Locke (J.), If the matter be knotty, and the sense 
lies deep, the mind must stop and buckle to it. 1803 Worpsw. 
Ode Intim. Immort. xi, Thoughts that do often lie too deep 
for tears. 1812 Mrs. Hemans Graves of Househ. iv, The 
sea, the blue lone sea hath one, He lies where pearls lie 
deep. Prov. Still waters run deep. 

2. fig. Deeply (in various figurative senses) ; 
profoundly, intensely, earnestly, vily, etc. 

As qualifying an adj. (cf. quots. 1600, 1602) deep is obs. 
(exc. with cham of colour, as ‘deep-red stain’, where dee, 
is historically an adj. : see Deer a. 13 b); q' averb, 
it is generally superseded in prose use by deeply, though 


still used in particular cases ; cf. quots, 1810-75. 


‘ax000 Desc. Hell 108 com ic pe halsie deope. ¢ 1000 
Ags. L's, cvi. 26 Gedrefede 3a deope syndan. a 1300 Cursor 

8269 (Cott.) Ferr and depe he weetnay ang oy it 
suld be wroght. c 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 12 ido, And 
swore so depe to hire to be trewe. 1596 Pilg: Perf (W. de 
W. 1531) 15 b, Anone they ouerthrowe hym as ome in 
ad 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. L. ul. vii. 31 ‘ooles 
should be sodeepecontemplatiue. 1602 Marston Antonio's 
Rev. w. iii. Wks. 1856 1. 127 Iam deepe sad. 1621 Evsinc 
Yavecens Sb Mipiditeen aietom i. Crit ash Aelae 

verton ‘ore Ess. Crit. 21 i 
learning is a dangerous thing; “Drink ), or taste not the 
Pierian spring. @ 1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) I. 4 
The King was so id to engage himself too deep. re 
Gotpsm. Nash ; Ags tie him up. .from playing deep. 1810 
Scorn Lady of L.1. i, A bended ed deep and 
strong. 1 Lams Elia Ser. nu: Old Margate Hoy, The 
reason. .scarcely goes deep gh into the questi 1833 
‘Turrtwatt in PAilol. Aus. 11. 538 Moral inquiries. .were 
those in which he engaged the deepest. 1866 KincsLey 
Hereward iii. 77 They drank deep of the French wine. 
p55 Lagoa? Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 41 thoughts of Socrates 
. have certainly sunk deep into the mind of the world. 

3. Comb. Frequent in combination with pres. and 
pa. pples. (in which deeply, not hyphened, may 
usually be substituted); as deep-going, -lying, 
-questioning, -reaching, -sinking, -thinking, 
-trenching; deep-cut, -felt, -grown, -sunk; DEEP- 
DRAWN, -LAID, -SET, etc. In poetical language, 
especially, these combinations are formed at will, 


| and their number is unlimited, e. g. decp-affected, 


gs a rae -biting, -brooding, -buried, -crimsoned, 
-damasked, -discerning, -drawing, -drunk, -dyed, 
-engraven, -laden, -persuading, -searching, -sunken, 
-sworn,-throbbing, -worn, -wounded; DEEP-ROOTED, 
DEEP-SEATED, etc. It is sometimes difficult to 
separate these from parasynthetic combinations of 
the adj. such as deep-vaulted: see DEEP a. IV. b. 
1598 Syivester Du Bartas u. i. limposture 305 Sweet, 
courting, “deep-affected words. /did. u. i. Fores 581 
*Deep-affrighted Sadnesse. yang H. More Song of Soul 
App. m. ix, By Nemesis *deep-biting whips well urged. 
1776 Mickte tr. Camoens' Lusiad 3 *Deep-brooding 
stlence reign'd. 1855 Stncteton Virgil I. 142 Wealth.. 
broodeth over his *deep-buried gold. a 1826 Loner. Autumn 
19 The .. woods of ash *d imsoned. 1860 TynpaLt 
Glac. 1. viii. 59 Streams .. rushing through *deep-cut chan- 
nels. 1820 Keats S¢. Agnes xxiv, The tiger-moth’s *deep- 
damask'd wings. 1844 Marc. Futter Wom, in 19th C. 


| (1862) 51 Deep-eyed *deep-discerning Greece, 1606 Suaxs. 


| veins. 


Tr. & Cr. Prol. 12 The *deep-drawing barks do there dis- 
gorge. 1593 — Lucr. 1100 She, *deep-drenched in a sea of 
care. 1703 Rowe Uldyss. u. i. 954 Mounting Spirits of the 
*deep-drunk Bowl. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. w. xxviii, Gently 
flows The “deep-dyed Brenta. 1614 T. Apams Devil's Ban- 
guet 47 *Deepe-ingrauen and indelible characters. 1808 
J: —, ps ye rt —— felt sorrows. ue rea 
Logic in 01.178 A * going error. 1883 Daily News 
may iy 2/ eieapqrews ttn Tish wools are still out of 
fashion. 1845 Loncr. Belfry Bruges xii, With *deep-laden 
argosies. 1864 Marsu Man § Nature 4p The *deep-lying 

£0. Exriot Dan. Der. IV. xxviii. 21 ec 


deep-lying though not obtrusive difference. 1§94 Barn- 
riecp Compl. Chastitie vii, Gold is a * -perswading 
Orator. 187r Morey Voltaire (1886) 213 Moods of ego- 


tistic introspection and *deep-questioning contemplation. 
1599 Marston Sco. Villanie u. v. 196 For wus Was a 
knaue, A damn'd *deep-reaching villain. M. Arnotp 
Lit. & Dogma 362 The truth is really. .more and *“deep- 
reaching than the Aberglaube. 1776 Micke tr. Camoens’ 
Lusiad 125 *Deep-settled grief. Lytton What will 
he do. vi, Under the *deep-sunk window. ¢ 1600 Saks. 
Sonn, ii, Within thine owne *deepe-sunken eyes. 
Loner. 70 a Child ii, Far-down in the deep-sunken wells 
darksome mines. 1862 E. Arnoup in /raser’s Mag. July 
113 Unto us, thy “deep-sworn votaries. 4 TUCKER 
Li. Nat. (1852) 1.613 To deal with the sagacious and — 
thinking, one must go to the bottom of things. —_<. 
Murray /slaford 126 When this * throbbing 
shall be wed. 1862 Anstep Channel /sl. Ww. xx. ( 2) 475 
The *d renching plough .. turning up a thickness of a 
foot of subsoil. 1827 Keate Chr. ¥., Holy Innocents, The 
*“deep-worn trace of penitential tears. 1g90 Srenser 7. Q. 
1. ii. 24 A virgin widow; whose “deepe-wounded mind With 
love long time did languish. sare 
b. Deep was also formerly used with adjectives 
(see 2), and these were (or are by editors) some- 
times hyphened (to make the grammatical: con- 
struction clear), as deep-naked, deep-sore, deep-sweet : 
cf, deep contemplative in 2. So still sometimes with 
adjs. of colour, as ‘deep-blue sea’, ‘ deep-green 
grass’: see DEEP a. 13 b. 
xg92 Suaxs. Ven. § Adon. 432 Ear's deep-sweet music, 
om, soe sworntian. a 1618 Syivester Tobacco 
Battered 377 prones .. with broad deep-naked Brests. — 
e. another adv., as deep-down adv. and adj. 
3832 Tennyson Lo/os-caters 35 His voice was thin. And 
heseem'd. 1861 L. L. Noste / 108 If he 


jeep 
i move, he dashes a foot the deep stones. 
996 seed Harold u, ii. (1877) — deeper still the 
deep-down oubliette, below the smiling 
day. 1890 Daily News 3 Feb. 5/3 these deep-down curtseys 
are reported to be now g into use 
d. with verbs (rave), as deep-fish [f. deep fishing, 
Jisheries], to fish in the DEEP SBA (q.v.). 
W. H. Maxwetr Sorts § Adv. Scott, xvi. (1855) 148 


Deep we dypan trans., 
OF ris. dine (Du. diepen), MHG. tiefen, Goth, 
ga-diupjan, The intr. would correspond to an 


A p, but is 
app. an analogical form of later age.) 


+g 


DEEP-DRAWN. 


+1. érans. To make deep, deepen. Ods. 

¢ 930 Laws of Athelstan iv. § 6 We cwedon be dam bla- 
serum, dat man dypte done ap be pryfealdum. c 1205 Lay. 
15473 Pa be dic wes idoluen & allunge ideoped. 1616 JS. 
Acc. St. Fohn's Hosp., Canterb., For the deping of it, iiijd. 

2. intr. To become deep, deepen. rare. 

1598 Haxtuyt Voy. I. 436 Vse your leade oftener ., noting 
diligently the order of your depth, and the deeping and 
sholding. 1849 Kincstry MZisc., NV. Devon II. 254 Nature’s 
own glazings, deeping every instant there behind us. 

+3. To go deep, penetrate. Ods. 

@ 1225 Ancr. R.288 per waxed wunde & deoped into besoule. 

+4. trans. To plunge or immerse deeply (/7¢. and 
Jig.) ; to drown. Obs. 

¢1380 Wycuir Ser. Sel. Wks. I. 13 It is noo nede to 
depe us in pis story more pan be gospel tellith, a1541 
Wyartr Poet. Wks. (1861) 173 And deep thyself in travail 
more and more. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 
444 A droopy night ever deepeth the minds of them. 

Deep-drawn (dzpidro:n), Af2.a. [Drer adv. 
3-] Drawn deeply or from the depths (esp. of the 
breast). 

1813 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1830) IV. 224 They can never 
suppress the deep-drawn sigh. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. xvi. 
107 The hollow cave resounded to the deep-drawn snore. 
1870 Bryant //iad II. xvi. 114 With a sigh Deep-drawn. 

eepen (d7p’n), v. [Like most verbs in -ev, 
a comparatively modern formation from DEEP a., 
taking the place of the earlier Derr v. See -EN 5.] 

1. trans. To make deep or deeper (in various 
senses) ; to increase the depth of. 

@ 1605 Stow Q. £iiz. an. 1601 (R.) He .. heightened the 
ditches, deepened the trenches. 1612 Peacuam Gent/. Exerc. 
xxiii. 80 You must deepen your colours so that the Orpiment 
may be the highest. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 75 Nor will the 
Blues be diluted or deepened after the manner I speak of. 
1785 J. Puitups Treat. Inland Navig. 45 To widen and 
deepen the River Stort. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 226 
The ship will have passed the shoal and deepened her water 
tog fathoms. 1870 Ruskin Lect. A7t ii. (1875) 43 Means of 
deepening and confirming your convictions. 

2. intr. To become deep or deeper. 

1699 Dampier Voy. New Holland (R.), The water deepned 
and sholdned so very gently. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. //ist, 
(1776) II. 234 We shall find. .the shades gradually to deepen. 
18or CampBett Hohenlinden, The combat deepens. 1838 
T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 851 The colour gradually 
deepens by exposure to the air. 1863 Gro. Evior Rovmola i. 
xx, The evening had deepened into struggling starlight. 

Deepened (dzp’nd), Z//. a. [f. prec. + -ED 1.] 
Made deep or deeper: see DEEPEN 1. 

1598 Cuapman //iad 1. 418 In the ocean's deepen'd breast. 
1873 Tristram Joab Pref. 4 Read with deepened interest. 

Deepener (di‘p’na1).  [f. as prec. + -ER!.] 
One who or that which deepens. 

1823 Blackw. Mag. X1V. 487 A deepener of her sorrows. 
1845-6 TrencH Huds. Lect. Sen 1. ii, 168 The deepener of 
the curse. : ; 

Deepening (d7p’nin), v2/. sb. [-1nc1.] 

1. The action of the verb DEEPEN, q.v. 

1785 J. Puitirs Treat. Inland Navig. 45 The cleansing 
and deepening would be exactly the same... expence. 1802 
Prayrair /llusty, Hutton. Th. 360 The draining off of the 
water, by the deepening of the outlet. 1884 A thenzum 
1t Nov. 558/t The gradual deepening of the mystery. 

attrib. 1767 Specif. Downes’ Patent No. 872 A certain 
instrument or tool called a deepening tool. : 

+2. Painting. The process of intensifying colour 
or shadow ; a shaded part of a picture. Ods. 

1622 Peacuam Com. Gent. 114 White Lead for the height- 
ning, and Smalt for your deepning, or darkest shadow. 1638 
Junius Painting fe Ane. 275 To adde unto their workes 
some shadowes and deepnings. 1669 A. BrowNnE As Pict. 
(1675) 84 The strong touches and deepnings. 

3. A depression in a surface. 

1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XX1X. 
314 The bridge of the nose is .. not without a deepening in 
the interorbital portion. 1880 J. Carp Philos. Relig. vii. 
1g2 Dints, marks, spatial deepenings and elevations. 

Dee'pening, ///. a. [-1NG*.] That deepens; 
becoming deep or deeper: see DEEPEN 2. 

1762 FaLconer Sipzw~. 1. (R.), Ere yet the deepening inci- 
dents prevail. 179r Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom. Forest ii, The 
deepening gloom, 1867 Miss Brappon Aur. Floyd i. 5 
Against the deepening crimson of the sky. 

Hence Dee‘peningly adv. 

, 1878 Grosart in H. More's Poems, Introd. 19/2 The same 
impression is inevitable in reading More .. and deepeningly 
as you ponder his Poetry. 

Deep-fetched, +-fet (d7*p;fe:t{t, -fe:t), AA7. a. 
[Drep adv. 3.] Fetched from deep in the bosom, 
or from far below the surface of things ; far-fetched. 

1562 Coorer Answ. Priv. Masse (1850) 130 O profound and 
deep-fetched reason. 1593 SHaxs. 2 Hev. VI, u. iv. 33 To 

see my teares, and heare my deepe-fet groanes. 1604 Meeting 
of Gallants 20 Vomiting out some two or three deepe-fetch 

aths. @1618 Sytvester Panaretus 465 And sending forth 
a deep-fet sigh. pen | H. More Poems, Resolution 109 B 
deep-fetchd sighs an pare devotion. 1708 Ozext tr. Boi- 
leau's Lutrin 10 With deep fetch’d Bellowings the noble 
Beast Exhales his Spirits. 

Deeping (d7pin). [f. DEEP v.+-me1.] Each 
of the sections (a fathom deep) of which a fishing- 
net is composed. 

1615 E.S. Britain's Buss in Arb. Garner 111. 629 Each 
net must be in depth seven deepings. Each ing must 
be a fathom, that is two yards, deep. 1879 E. Rosertson 
in Encycl. Brit. 1X. 251/2 They [twine drift-nets] are .. 
netted by hand, and are made in narrower pieces called 
deepings, which are laced together one below the other to 
make up the required depth. 

Vou, II. 


121 


Deep-laid (dé p,léi:d), pp/. a. [Der adv. 3.] 
Deeply laid; planned with profound cunning. 

1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) II. 104 Any deep-laid 
scheme or fine spun artifice. 1783 AZiss Baltimores 1.74 
He is a deep-laid villain after women. 1846 Grote Greece 
1. xv. (1862) I. 241 The deep-laid designs of Zeus. 1 
Trottore He Knew xxiii. (1878) 130 He himself had ha 
no very deep-laid scheme in his addresses to Colonel 
Osborne. . 

Deeply (dzpli), adv. Also dep-, depe-, diepe-, 
-lie. on dtoplice, déoplice, adv. f. déoplic adj., 
deriv. of déop, DEEP: see -LY 2, 

1. To a great or considerable depth; far down- 
wards, inwards, etc. (See 7. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 1396 (Dubl. MS.) pai.. Dryves dartez 
at owr dukez deply baim wounden. 1573 Tussrer //usé. 
xlviii. (1878) 104 ‘Three poles to a hillock .. set deeplie and 
strong. 1594 Hooker Zccl. Pod. 1. i. (1611) 2 Preiudices 
deepely rooted in the hearts of men. 1597 Gerarve Herbal 
1, xliv. (1633), They .. who have deepliest waded in this sea 
of simples, 1627 May Lucax vu. 725 All people there Are 
deeplyer wounded than our age can beare, 1707 SLOANE 
Yamaica 1. 96 The leaves were thinner, deeplier, and more 
regularly cut. @1717 ParNeLi Gift of Poetry (R.), I..sink 
in deep affliction, deeply down. 1845 M. Pattison /'ss. (1889) 
I. 3 It is a tendency deeply seated in the mind of ourage, 1 
Tynpatt Géac, 1. xvi, 118 The glacier was deeply fissured. 

b. In reference to drinking ; also to sighing. 
(Here other notions than the literal enter in.) 

1557 N. T. (Genev.) Mark viii. 12 Then he syghed diepely 
in his spirite. 1695 Lp. Preston Boeth. 1v, 176 They deeply 
tasted of th’ infected Bowl. 1697 DrypENn Virg. Georg. ut. 
610 When the Kids their Dams too deeply drain. 1813 Scotr 
Rokeby 1. vi, Deeply he drank, and fiercely fed. 

2. fig. With deep thought, insight, knowledge, 
etc. ; profoundly, thoroughly. 

c888 K. A°trreD Boeth. xxxv. § 1 Swa hwa swa wille 
dioplice spirigan zfter ryhte. cxo0o AELFric Colloguy 
(Wright’s Vocad. 12), Pearle deoplice [pu] spricst. ax225 
Aner. R. 154 Isaac .. uorto penchen deoplic{h]e souhte 
onlich stude. c1400 Maunpkv. (1839) xiii. 144 He preched 
& spak so depely of Dyvynyty. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. V//I 
c. 5 Persons. .lerned, and depely studied in Phisicke. 1561 
T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 329 To search depelier of 
vnknowen things. 1605 SHaks. JZacé. 11. ii. 30 Consider it 
not so deepely. 1798 Ferriar /dlusty. Sterne ii. 35 He was 
deeply read in Beroalde. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed.2) IV. 22, 
T should like to consider the matter a little more deeply. 

b. With profound craft, subtlety, or cunning. 

1596 Suaks. Tam. Shr. iv. iv. 42 Both dissemble deepely 
their affections. 1617 FLetcner Valentinian v. vi, Either 
you love too dearly, Or deeply you dissemble. od, The 
plot was deeply laid, but it has been discovered. 

+3. With deep seriousness, solemnly. Ods. 

¢ 1300 Havelok 1417 Deplike dede he him swere. a 1400-50 
Alexander 1186 Pat me was done many day depely to 
swere, ? 1503 Plum pton Corr. p.\xiv, And, yf nede be, depely 
depose afore the Kynge & hys counsell, that yt is matter of 
trawth. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werdburge 1.2881 Charged full 
depely Theyr offyce to execute. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's 
Africa u. 22 And this I dare most deepely take mine oath 
on. 1602 SuHaxs. Ham. ut. ii. 234 "Tis deepely sworne. 
1671 H. M. Erasm. Collog. 401 Even when he had deeply 
sworn to it. 

4. Gravely, seriously, heavily ; esf. in reference to 
being involved in guilt, liability, obligation, or the 
like. 

1382 Wyctiir //os. ix. 9 Thei synneden depely. 1576 
FieminG Panof?. Efist. 343 F.G. who is so deepely in your 
bookes of accountes. Let. Earl Leycester 13 For 
which I count my selfe the deeplyest bounde to give him 
my humblest thankes. 60x Rf ounson Kingd, § Commw. 
(1603) 17 Henry .. left the kingdome deepely indebted. 162 
SANDERSON 12 Sevw, (1632) 51 And stoutly maintaine Gods 
truth, when it is deepeliest slandered. 1700S. L. tr. C. Fryke's 
Voy. 76 Now the other Buffel was deeply engaged too. 1848 
Macautay Hist, Eng. I. 658 Of all the enemies of the govern- 
ment he was..the most deeply criminal. 1883 FroupE 
Short Stud, IV. 1. ix. 103 The archbishop had committed 
himself so deeply that he could not afford to wait. 

+b. In reference to fines: Heavily. Ods. 

1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 36 If it had not been 
that this man hath suffered as he hath I should have sen- 
tenced himdeepely. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. vii. § 20 The 
Starr-Chamber deeply fined S. Richard Knightly .. for en- 
tertaining and receiving the Press Gentelmen. 

5. With deep feeling, emotion, etc.; in a high 
degree, profoundly, intensely, extremely. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 1673 Sire, pis I depely disire, durst 
Lit neuyn. did. 1698 Summe .. depely pam playnt Quat 
+. euill pai suffird. 1568 Grarton Chyon. II. 111 With them 
the sayd Pope had bene so depely offended. x61r SHAks. 
Wint. T.u. iii. 14 He straight declin’d, droop’d, tooke it 
deeply. 1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 120 They curst him 
deeply. a Cowrer_ Hoge 333 His soul abhors a mer- 
cenary thought, And him as deeply who abhors it not. 1851 
Dixon W. Penn xv. (1872)131 All this was deeply interest- 
ing toPenn. 1857 Buckte Cividiz. I. xiv. 850 Of these short- 
comings I am deeply sensible. 

6. Of physical states or qualities: a. Profoundly, 
soundly, with complete absorption of the faculties. 
b. With deep colour, intensely. ¢. With a deep, 
grave, or sonorous voice. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 122 Deeply plunged 
in a profound sleepe. 1695 Brackmore Pr. Arth. ut. 706 
Some deeply Red, and others faintly Blue. 1820 SHELLEY 
Vision of Sea 77 Smile not, my child, But sleep deeply and 
sweetly. a@1845 Hoop Rwth ii, On her cheek an autumn 
flush pry std ripened. 1883 Harper's Mag. Nov. 948/2 
A pack of hounds came .. baying deeply. me 

. Comb. Deeply (mostly in sense 1) qualifying 
a pple. is now usually hyphened when the pple. 
is used attributively, preceding its sb., but not 


DEEPNESS. 


when it follows ; as ‘the leaf is deeply serrated ’, 
‘a deeply-serrated leaf’. 

1816 J. Scott Visit Paris Pref. 35 Deeply-bottomed bravery. 
1854 J. S. C. Assorr Napoleon (1855) I. xxvii. 424 Deeply- 
rooted popular prejudices, 1866 Howetts Venet. Life xix. 
295 That deeply-serrated block of steel. =n Sir G. Scotr 
Tipe Archit. 1, 166 Lofty and deeply-receding jambs. 


Dee‘pmost, @. (super/.) rare. [f. DEEP a. + 
-most. Cf. copmost, inmost, etc.] Deepest. 

1810 Scorr Lady of L. u. xx, From her deepmost glen. 
1841 Lavy F. Hastincs Poems 233 Shout, echo! from thy 
deepmost cell. 


Deep-mouthed (dzp;maudd, -maupt), a. [f. 
deep mouth + -ED *.] 


1, Having a deep or sonorous voice : esp. of dogs. 

1595 SHAKS, Fox v. ii. 173 And mocke the deepe mouth’d 
Thunder. 1899 —- Hex. V, v. Prol. 11 Out-voyce the deep- 
mouth’d Sea, 1662 Drypen Wild Gallant 1.1, A Serenade 
of deep-mouth’d Currs, 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3204/4 A Pack 
of deep mouth’d Hounds to be sold. 1725 Porr Odyss. x1x. 
504 Parnassus .. With deep-mouthed hounds the hunter- 
troop invades. 1818 Byron ¥uav 1. cxxiii, Tis sweet to 
hear the watch-dog’s honest bark Bay deep-mouth’d wel- 
come, 1842S. Lover Handy Andy ii, The sound .. awoke 
the deep-mouthed dogs around the house. 

2. Zt. Having a deep or capacious mouth. rare. 

1 Mrs. Browninc Wine of Cyprus ii, Some deep- 
mouthed Greek exemplar Would become your Cyprus 
wine. 

Deepness (d7pnés). Now rare; displaced by 
DertH. Forms: see DEEP a.,and -NESS; in ME. 
4-5 depnes(se. [OE. déopnes, déopnes, £. déop 
DEEP : see -NESS.] 

1. The quality of being deep, or of considerable 
extension or distance downwards, or inwards ; 
depth. 

aie Wyciir Matt. xiii. 5 For thei hadde nat depnesse of 
erthe. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 89 Ppou3 pat bei acorden 
togidere in depnes & in streitnesse of be moup. 1530 Patscr. 
213/1 Depnesse of any thyng, profundité. 1653 H. Cocan 
tr, Pinto’s Trav. XLII. 169 A river .. which for the bredth 
and deepness of it is frequented with much shipping. 1765 
A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 121 Seeds, many of which, 
from their deepness in the earth, will not vegetate. 1823 
Scotr Peveril iv, The deepness of his obeisance. 

+b. Of ground or roads: cf. DEEP a. 5. Obs, 

1603 Knotts (J.), By reason of the deepness of the way 
and heaviness of the great ordnance. 1632 Lirucow 77a7. 
vi. 292 The deepnesse of the Way. 1780 /part. Hist. War 
Amer, 240 [The troops] had suffered excessively from the 
severity of the climate, the deepness of the roads. 

2. Measurement or dimension downwards, in- 
wards, or through; depth. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10, 312 Fyue fot hit 
hab of depnes. 1413 Lypa. Péilgr. Sowle Vv. xiv. (1483) 107 
‘Ther is no body parke withouten thre dymensions that is 
breede lengthe and depnesse. 1551 Recorpr Pathw. Knowl. 
1. Defin., As I take it here, the depenesse of his bodie is his 
thicknesse in the sides. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 77av. (1677) 
252 ‘The deepness of the Sea usually answers to the height 
of Mountains. 1703 MaunpreLt Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 138 
In deepness they were four yards each. 

3. fig. Of thought, knowledge, etc.: Depth; 
penetration ; profundity. 

a 1000 //ymns iii. 33 (Gr.) Swa beet zeniz ne wat eordbuen- 
dra Sa deopnesse Drihtnes mihta. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 980 
Pis is nu pe derfschipe of pi dusi onsware, and te deopnes 
1340 Ayend, 105 Pe dyepnesse of his zophede. ¢ 1440 Secrees 
127 pe clernesse of 30ure wyt & pe depnesse of 30ure 
conynge passys all men. 1548-77 Vicary Azat. Ep. Ded. 
(1888) 7 We who.. practise in Surgerie, according to the 
deepnes of the Arte. 1653 Manton Ex. Yames i. 25 Deep- 
ness of Meditation. a@1720 SHerFieLp (Dk. Buckhm.,) IIs. 
(1753) I. 271 Deepness of thought. 8 

+b. In bad sense: Deep cunning or subtlety. 

1526 TinDALE Rev, ii. 24 Vnto you. . which have not knowen 
the depnes of Satan. 1646 J. Grecory Notes § Obs. xxvi. 
(T.), The greatest deepness of Satan. 

4. Of moral qualities, feelings, etc. : Depth, in- 
tensity ; gravity. 

c1175 Lamb, Hom. 49 Pes put bitacned deopnesse of sunne. 
@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) H vi, The 
depenesse of good wylles ought to be wonne with the depnes 
of the hearte. 1632 Lirncow 7yav. m1. 114 In the deep- 
nesse of sorrow. 

5. Of physical qualities, etc.: a. Of sound: 
Sonorousness, or lowness of pitch. b. Of colour, 


etc. : Intensity. 

1626 Bacon Sy/va § 852 Heat also dilateth the Pipes, and 
Organs, which causeth the Deepnesse of the Voice. 1684 
R. H. School Recreat. t1 For Deepness of Cry, the largest 
Dogs having the greatest mouths. 1711 BuDGELL Sect. 
No. 116 P 3 These [hounds].. by the Deepness of their 
Mouths ail the Variety of their Notes. 1822 Scotr Pirate 
xx, Her glowing cheek .. in the deepness of its crimson. 

+6. concr. A deep place or cavity, an abyss; 
a deep part of the sea, etc. Ods. 

a 1000 Lamb, Ps, \xviii. 3 (Bosw.) Ic com on deopnysse sz. 
¢ 1000 Gosp. Nicod. 24 (Bosw.) On Sere hellican deopnysse. 
a 1300 E, E. Psalter \xviii 16 Ne ouerswelyhe me depenes. 
1382 Wycuir Ps, cxlviii. 7 Dragonnes, and alle depnessis. 
¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 118 Depenesse of watur, gurges. 1450- 


1530 Myrr. our Ladye 203 In heuen & in erthe & in see and 
in all depnesses. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 
1. ii, xo The destruccyon and the fallynge into depnes of 


al the townes, castelles and cytees of y® world. 
Iibeee A depth of thought, feeling, or being. 
1340 Ayend. 211 Pe bene bet comb of ~ dyepnesse of be 
herte. 1535 CoveRDALE 1 Cor, ii. 10 All thinges yee euen 
the depenesses of the Godhead. 1549 Com. Scot. i.21 The 
iugement of gode .. is ane profound onk dei; 
16* 


DEEP-READ. 


Deep-read (di‘pire'd), A/a. [DEEP adv. 3.] 
Desply seed ; skilled by profound reading. 

1639, ASSINGER Unnat. Combat ww. i, A deep-read man. 
1790 Burns The Whistle vi, Gallant Sir Robert, deep-read 
in old wines. 1822 T. Mitcnett Aristoph. 11. 286 Great 
scholars, Deep-read—full to a plethora with knowledge. 

Deep-rooted (dip,r#téd), a. [Der adv. 3.] 
Deeply rooted orimplanted; chiefly fg., of feelings, 
opinions, prejudices, etc. 

1669 WoopHEAp St. Teresa 11. xxxiv. 228 Where Vertue is 
deep-rooted, occasions work little upon them. 1672 Orway 
Titus & B.1. ii, So long establish’d and deep-rooted Love. 
1834 PrincLe African Sk. x. Lg Poop Governor's jealousy 
.. Was too deep-rooted. 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 70 
A deep-rooted reverence for truth. 

Hence Deep-roo'tedness. 

1860 Pusey Min. Proph.go The strength and deeprooted- 
ness of the soul in grace. 

Deep sea, deep-sea. Also 7 dipsie, dipsy. 
The deeper part of the sea or ocean at a distance 
from the shore. Used attrib. or as adj.: Of or 
belonging to the deep sea. 

Deep-sea lead, line, a \ead and line used for soundings in 
deep water. Deef-sea fisheries, fisheries prosecuted at a 
distance from land, in which the fishermen are absent from 
home for a lengthened period. 

1626 Capt. Smitu Accid. Yung. Seamen 29 Heaue the lead, 
try the dipsie line. 1627 — Seaman's Gram. ix. 43 The 
Dipsie line .. is a small Jine some hundred and fifty fadome 
long, with a long plummetat the end .. which is first marked 
at twenty fadome, and after increased by tens to the end. 
1698 Fryer Acc. E, /udia 13 Heaving our Dipsy-lead we 
were in soundings eighty Fathom depth. 1769 FALconEeR 
Dict. Marine (1789), Sonder, to sound ; to heave the hand- 
lead, or deep-sea-lead. 1835 Sir J. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. iv. 
55 We now sounded with the deepsea lead every two hours. 
1853 Herscuer Pof, Lect. Sc. ii. § 2 (1873) 48 Among deep- 
sea fishes. 1875 J. H. Bennet Winter Medit. 1.v. 128 The 
pioneer of deep-sea dredging, the late Edward Forbes. 1880 
Wyvitte Tuomson in Rep, Challenger Exp. Zool. 1. 50 
Faunz which have successively occupied the same deep-sea. 
1887 E. J. Matuer (¢/t/e), Nor’ard of the Dogger: the 
story of.. the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen. 

Dee aeerersng (dz-psd-atfin), A/a. [DEEP 
adv. 3.\ That searches or penetrates deeply. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. i. 174 O for some deep- 
searching Corycean. a 1643 W. Cartwricut Ordinary i. 
iii, He’s nois’d about for a deep-searching head. 1844 Marc. 
Futter Wom. 19th C, (1862) 19 The only sermons of a per- 
suasive and deep-searching influence. 

Deep-seated (d7psitéd), a. [DEEP adv. 3.] 
Ilaving its seat far beneath the surface. 

1741 Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 5 The deep-seated kind of 
Paronychia, 1813 J. ‘THomson Lect. Inflam. 375 A deep- 
seated abscess. 1878 HuxLtey Physiogr. 190 The conversion 
into steam of water which.. obtains access to the deep- 
seated molten rocks. 

Jig. 1847 Grote Greece i. xliv. (1862) 1V. 13 Causes, deep- 
seated as well as various. 1 Jessorp A rcady ii. 35 The 
deep-seated faith in charms and occult lore. 

+ Dee’p-seen, z. Oés. [Deep adv. 3.] That 
sees or has seen deeply into things. 

1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat, iv. i. 170 Some nose-wise pedant .. 
whose deepe-sene skil Hath three times construed either 
Flaccus ore. 

Deep-set (d7pse't), Ap/. a. [DEEP adv. 3.] 
Deeply set. 

1832 Tennyson Palace of Art xiii, The deep-set windows, 
stain'd and traced. 1877 Brack Green Past. iv. (1878) 28 
Deep-set keen grey eyes. 

+ Dee‘pship. 0s. vave—’. In 3 deopschipe. 
[f Deep a.+-sHIp.] Depth, profound mystery. 

a12a5 Leg. Kath. 1341 Ha[{=she] Crist cleopede .. and 
schawde seodden suteliche pe deopschipe and te derne run 
of his dead on rode. 


= (dzpsim), a. poetic. rare. [f. DEEP | 
. + 


a. or sb. +-SoME. Cf. darksome, gladsome.] Having 
deepness or depths ; more or less deep. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 1v. 769 He dived the deepsome 
watery heaps. 1 Sincteton Virgil 1, 133 The hollow 
vales are filled And deepsome glades, Jé:d. I, 218 He 
plunged him with a bound Into the deepsome sea, 

Deer (die1). Forms; 1 dior, déor, 2-3 deor, 
(2 deer), 2-4 der, (2-3 dor, 3 dier, 3-4 duer, 4 
dur, 5 dure, deure), 4-6 dere, (4-7 deere, 5, 7 
diere, 5- (Sc.) deir, 6-7 deare), 4- deer, (5 
theer). //. 1-9 normally same as sing.; also 2 
deore, deoran, 2~3 -en; 3-4 deores, dueres, 
7-9 occas. deers. [A Comm. Teut. sb.: OE. dfor, 
déor = OS. dier, OF ris. diar, dier (MDu. and Du. 
and LG. dier), OHG. ior (MHG. “ier, Ger. ter, 
thier) :—WG. dior, ON. *djiir (Icel. dyr, Sw. djur, 
Da. dyr); Goth. dius, dius-:—OTeut. deuzom:— 
pre-Teut. dheuso'm., 

Generally referred to a root dhus to breathe (cf. animal 
from anima), and thought by some etymologists to be the 
neuter of an adj. used subst. Cf. Deara.®. (Not connected 
with Gr, @%p wild beast.)] : “ 

+1. A beast: usually a quadruped, as distin- 
guished from birds and fishes; but sometimes, 
like deas¢, applied to animals of lower orders, Ods. 

c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xviii. 25 Se camal pat micla 
dear. a 1000 Boeth, Metr. xxvii. 24 Swa swa fuzl 
dior. ¢ 1000 AStrric Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 118/31 Fera, wild 
deor. Bellua, rede deor.. Unicornis, anhyrne deor.  1¥; 
O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135 Pais he makede men 
dar. ¢ 1200 Ormin 1176 Shepiss. .stilleder, /4/d.1312 Lamb 
iss soffte & stille deor. a 1250 Owl & Night. 1321 Al swo 
deth mani dor and man, ¢ 1250 Gen, & Ex, 4025 Also leun 


N 
122 


is miztful der. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 18 The rybaul 
and the felle diere here I se hym comen. 
B. plural. 

¢ 1000 AELFric Gen. i. 25 And he siz ofer pa deor. ¢ 11 
Lamb, Hom. 43 Innan pan ilke sea weren un-ani 
deor, summe federfotetd, summe al bute fet. /da?. 115 Pene 
bid his erd ihened..on wilde deoran. c 1200 Trin. Coll. 
Hom, 177 Oref, and deor, and fishshes, and fugeles. did. 

Hie habbed geres after wilde deore. /did. 224 Of 
wilde diere. c Gen. & Ex. 4020 On ile brend eft twin 
der. bid. 4032 Efte he sacrede deres mor, a@ 1310 in 
Wright Lyric P. xiii. 44 Deores with huere derne rounes. 
Ibid. xiv. 45 In d with this d i cr 
vans Gr. Kt. 1151 Der drof in pe dale. .bot heterly ca 
were Restayed with pe stablye. 

2. The general name of a family (Cervide) of 
ruminant quadrupeds, distinguished by the posses- 
sion of deciduous branching horns or antlers, and 
by the presence of spots on the young: the various 
genera and species being distinguished as rein-deer, 
moose-deer, red deer, fallow deer; the MUSK DEER 
belong to a different family, A/oschide. 

A specific application of the word, which occurs in OE. 
only contextually, but became distinct in the ME. period, 
beer | its close remained as the usual sense. 

[c 893 K. ALFRED Ores, 1. i. (Sw.) 18 He [Ohthere] hafde 
pa zyt da he pone cyningc sohte, tamra deora unbebohtra 
syx hund. Pa deor hi hatad hranas.] a 1131 [see der fald 
in 4). c1z05 Lay. 2586 To huntien after deoren [c 1275 
after deores]. 1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 7 He let [make] 
pe parc of Wodestoke, & der ber inne oo ¢ 1325 Song on 
Passion 59 (O. E. Misc.) He was todrawe so 
chace. 
chase venysoun, For than the deir war in sesoun. c 1420 
Anturs of Arth. (Camden) iv, Thay felle to the female dure, 
feyful thyk fold. 1 
breganderys cueryd wyth whyte deris | 
MA ory Arthur x. |xi, He chaced at the reed dere. 
Starkey England 1. iii. 98 A dere louyth a lene barren.. 
ground. 1601 SHAKs. Sul. C. 1. i. 209 Like a Deere, 
strocken by many Princes. 1611 Coryvat Crudities 10 
A goodly Parke .. wherein there is Deere. 1774 GotpsM. 
Nat. Hist. (1776) 111, 80 An hog, an ox, a goat, or a deer. 
1855 Loncr. //iaw, 1. 169 Where the red deer herd to- 
gether. 

b. occasional plural deers. 

¢1275 [see 1205 in prec.]. 1674 N. Cox Gent/. Recreat. 11. 
(1677) 58 The reasons why Harts and Deers do lose their 
Horns yearly. 1769 Home Fatal Discov. 1, Stretch’d on the 
skins of deers. ¢ 1817 Hoc Zales & Sk. 11. 8g The place of 
rendezvous, to which the deers were to be driven. 

+c. Deer of ten: a stag of ten, i.e. one having 
ten points or tines on his horns; an adult stag of 
five years at least, and therefore ‘warrantable’ or 
fit to be hunted. Ods. 

163r Massincer Emp. of East w. ii, He will make you 
royal sport, He is a deer Of ten, at the least. 

3. Small deer: a phrase originally, and perhaps 
still by Shakspere, used in sense 1; but now 
humorously associated with sense 2. 

14.. Sir Beues (1885) p. 74/2 (MS.C.) Ratons & myse and 
soche smale dere, That was hys mete that vii yere. se 
Suaxs. Lear ut. iv. 144 But Mice, and Rats, and suc! 
small Deare, Haue bin Toms food, for seuen long yeare. 
1883 G. ALLEN in Colin Clout's Calender 14 Live mainly 
upon worms, slugs, and other hardy small deer, 

transf. 1857 H. Reep Lect, Eng. Poets x. 11. 17 The small 
deer that were herded together by Johnson as the most 
eminent of English poets. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as deer bed, herd, -hide, 
-heeper, kind, life, -sinew, -snaring, etc. ; deer-like, 
deer-loved adjs. (Several already in OE., as déor- 


ur islawe in 


- 1470-85 


Jfald an enclosure or cage for wild beasts in the 


amphitheatre, or for beasts of the chase, a deer- 
park, déor-edisc deer-park, déor-net net for wild 
animals, etc.] 

1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies xi, The tall grass was 
pressed down into numerous *‘deer beds’, where those 
animals had couched, a@ 1000 Ags. Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 
201 Cauea, domus in theatro, “deorfald. axt31 O. £. 
Chron, an, 1123 Se king rad in his der fald [at Wudestoke]. 
1860 G. H. K. Fac. Tour. 123 Peaks..where the scattered 
remnants of the great “deer herds can repose in security. 
1814 Scorr Ld. of Isles 11, xix, Goat-skins or “deer-hides 
o'er them cast, 1849 James Woodman vii, 1 have got my 
“deer-keepers watching, 1875 Lye. Princ. Geol. Il. m1. 
xxxix. 359 Animals of the “deer kind, 1860 G. H. K. Vac. 
Tour, 122 The shepherds..see a good deal of *deer life. 
1840 Mrs. Norton Dream 127 The dark, “deer-like eyes. 
1876 Gro. Exiot Dan, Der. IV. liv. 114 Deer-like shyness. 
1831 Lytton Godolph. 23 The *deer-loved fern. ¢ 1000 
fEvrric Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 167 Cassis, “deornet, 1856 
Kane Arct. Expl. Il. vii. 4) ‘o walk up Mary River 
Ravine until we reach the *deer-plains. 1866 KincsLry 
Herew., I. vi. 178 Sea-bows of horn and *deer-sinew, 1862 
S. Sr. Joun Forests Far Fast 11.34, 1 have been out *deer- 
snaring in this neighbourhood. 

b. Special comb. : deer-brush, an American 
shrub in Arizona; deer-cart, the covered cart in 


which a tame stag to be hunted is carried to the 


meet; deer-dog = DrER-HouND; deer-drive, 
a shooting expedition in which the deer are driven 
past the sportsman ; so deer-driving ; deer-eyed 
a., having eyes like deer, having soft or languid 
eyes; deer-fence, a high railing such as 

cannot leap over; deer-flesh, venison; deer- 
forest, a ‘ forest’ or extensive track of unenclosed 
wild land reserved for deer; + deer-goat, an old 
name for the capriform or —. antelopes ; deer- 
grass, species of Rhexia (N,O, Me/astomacee) ; 


1375 Barsour Bruce vu. 497 [He] went..to pur- 


Mann. & Househ. or 195 Apayr | 
er, 
1538 | 


DEER-HOUND, 


deer-leap, a lower place in a —* fence where 
deer may leap; deer-meat = seeks, Com 
neck, a thin neck (of a horse) resembling a deer’s ; 
deer-park, a park in which deer are — ; tdeer- 
reeve, a township officer in New England in the 
colonial days, whose duty it was to execute the 
laws as to deer; deer-plain, a plain inhabited by 
deer ; deer-saddle, a saddle on which a slain deer 
is carried away; deer’s eye = Buck-EYE (the tree); 
deer’s foot (grass), the fine grass Agrostis setacea ; 
deer’s hair = DEER-HAIR ; deer’s milk, a local 
name of the wood spurge, Luphorbia amygdaloides ; 
deer’s tongue, deer-tongue, a N. American 
Cichoraceous plant, Liatris odoratissima; deer- 
tiger, the puma or cougar; deer-yard, an open 
spot where deer herd, and where the ground is 
trodden _ them. 
W. H. Bisxop in Harper's M 
**deer brush’ resembles horns. 1840 Hoop Uf the Rhine 
186 The hearse, very like a “deer-cart. 1814 Ld. 
Isles vy. xxiii, Many a *deer-dog howl'd around. 
Society 21 Oct. 19/1 Setting out for a “deer-drive. 1860 G. 
H. K. Vac. Tour. 143 Mr. Scrope..was a great hand at 
*deer-driving. 1884 & Victoria More Leaves 14 The gate 
of the *deer-fence. a 1300 Cursor M. 3603 (Cott.) If poume 
*dere flesse [v.7. venisun] ani gete. 1854 Act 17-8 Vict.c. 91 
§ 42 Where such shootings or *deer forests are actually let. 
1892 E. Weston Bett Scot. Deerhound 80 Probably not 
more than twenty deer forests, i as such, were in 
existence prior to the beginning of the present century. 1607 
‘Torsett Four. Beasts (1658) 93 Of the first kinde of Trage- 
laphvs which may be called a *Deer-goat. 1693 Sir T. P. 
Biount Nat. Hist. 30 The Deer-Goat .. being partly like a 
deer partly like a Goat. 1866 77eas. Bot. ae Low peren- 
nial often bristly herbs, commonly called *Deer-grass, or 
Meadow-beauty, [with] large showy cymose flowers. 1540-2 
Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 To make “dere leapes and breakes 
in the sayde hedges and fences. 1838 James Rodéder i, In 
front appeared a *deer-park. 1860 G. H. K. Vac. Tour. 172 
It is no light business to get our big stag..on the *deer 
saddle. 1762 J. Crayton Flora Virginica 57 Afsculus 


ag. Mar. s502/2 The 


Sloribus octandris Linn. .. *Dear's Bye, aot ucks Eyes. 
the lily- 


1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 383 Among 
tongue, and other aquatic plants. 1880 7th Rep. Surv. 
Adirondack Reg. N. Y,. 159 We reached an open forest 
pl on the mc in, where we were surprised to find 
a *‘deer-yard’. Here the deep snow was tramped down by 
deer into a broad central level area. 

Deerberry (dix1be:ri). A name given to the 
berry or succulent fruit of several North American 
procumbent shrubs or herbs, esp. of Gau/theria 
procumbens (N.O. Ericacew), commonly called 
Winter-green in U.S. Also of Vaccinium stami- 
neum, also called Squaw Huckleberry, and Ait- 
chella repens (N.O. Cinchonacee), a creeping herb, 
widely distributed in America. The name is also 
sometimes applied to the plants themselves. 

1862 Chambers’ Encycl. 649. 1866 Treas. Bot, 522 The 
etre Scorn = Known by = | as 

artridge-berry, uer-berry, r-berry, ea- A x= 
berry, and afford winter food to partridges, deer, other 


pads, *deer- 


Of the colour of a deer ; 


1611 Cotcr., Blond. . bright tawnie, or deer-coloured. 1688 
Lond. Gaz. No. 2408/4 A brown Gelding [with] .. Deer- 
coloured Haunches. 1746-7 Mrs. Detany A utodbiog. (1861 


II. 447 A flowered silk ..on a pale deer-coloured figu 


ground. 

Deer(e, obs. f. Dear, and DERE v., to injure. 

Dee‘r-hair, deer’s hair. 

1. The hair of deer, 

1494 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. ag Coin stuffed with Horse 
hair. . Deers-hair, and Goats-hair. 

2. The common name in Scotland and north of 
England of a small moorland species of club-rush, 
Scirpus cxespitosus. 

1772-8 Licutroor Flora Scot. (1789) Il. 1080 (App.) 
Scirpus caspitosus Deer's Hair Scotis australibus. ax 
Laika the pot, ‘Tes torent and the tiaardlatader thal pros, 

ie ie . 
sax6 Score Old Mert. 1, Moss, lichen, and deer-halr ere 
fast covering those stones, a . Jounston Nat. Hist. 
E. Borders 203 Deer's Hair. ndantly on all our moors, 

+ Dee'r-hay. Ods. [f. Dern + Hay, a net set 
round an animal’s haunt.} A net set for the cap- 
ture of deer. 

1503 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 11 The greatest Destruction of 
Red and Fallow..is with Nets called Deer-hays and 
Buck-stalls. 1598 MAnwoop Lawes Forest xviii. § 9 (1615) 
135 1796 Sporting Mag. VIII. ay Tees a buck ina 
deer-hayes, or net, is not unfrequent in parks. 

Dee d. <A dog of a breed used for 
hunting red-deer, a stag-hound ; particularly, one 


_of a Scottish breed, a large variety of the rough 


greyhound, standing 28 inches or more. 
(1814 Scorr War. lxuii, Two grim and half-starved deer 

lg tec 1818 W. H. Scorr Brit. Field S; 384 - 
‘ew Packs of Deer Hounds are now k 1838 W, Scrorr 

Deerstalking xii. 260 The deerhound is kno 

names of Irish wolfhound, Irish 

hound, and Scotch greyhound. 

(Bohn) 121 The Highland 


greyhounds, or deerh 
hi i i ipathy to 
Te a a ee ae i Ti Anton 
Deerricide. nonce-wd. [f. DEER+-c1DE.] The 
killing or killer of a deer, 


DEER-KIN. 


1832 J. R. Horz-Scorrin R. Ornsby AZemz, (1884) I. 41, The 
second [day] crowned with the above-mentioned deericide. 

+ Dee’r-kin. Ods. In 2-3 -cyn, -cen. [See 
Kiy.] _Beast-kind as distinct from man. 

a 1175 Cott. Hom, 221 Niatenu and deor-cen and fu3el-cyn. 
Ibid. 225 Of diercynne and of fugel cynne. c 1250 Gen. § 
£x. 556 And ouer-flow3ed men & deres-kin. , 

Deerlet (diesét). [See -LEr.] A little or 
tiny deer. In mod Dicts, 

Dee‘r-lick. A small spring or spot of damp 
ground, impregnated with salt, potash, alum, or 
the like, where deer come to lick. 

1876 R. L. Price 7wo Americas (1877) 217 A deer-lick is 
a small a of saline or sulphur-impregnated water, to 
which. .all the deer in the country for miles and miles will 
come to ‘liquor up’, 1890 HALLETT 1000 miles 362 ‘The 
place is a deer-lick, and the caravans of cattle which passed 
«so enjoyed licking the puddles, that they could hardly be 
driven from the place. 2 

Dee'r-mouse. The popular name of certain 
American mice; esp. the widely-distributed white- 
footed mouse (Hesperomys leucopus) brown above 
and white beneath; also the common jumping- 
mouse (Zapus hudsonius), so called from _ its 
agility. 

1884-90 Cassell’s Nat, Hist. 111. 111 The white-footed, or 
Deer Mouse..is perhaps the best known of all the species, 
and its varieties, or rather local permanent races, are dis- 
tributed all over the continent of North America. 

+ De-errr, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. deerrare to 
wander off, f. De- I 2 + evrare to wander, stray.] 
intr, To go astray, diverge. 

1657 Tomuinson Renou’s Disp. 108 That it may deerre into 
the breast. 7 

Dee'rskin. The skin of a deer, especially 
as a material for clothing. Also attrib. 

1 Will of Wodehous (Commissary Crt.), Meam togam 
blod’ cum furrure & vn deriskyn. 1751 JoHNson Rambler 
No. 187 3 [She] laid aside from that hour her white deer 
skins. 1820 Scott Afonast. xiv, In his home-spun doublet, 
blue cap, and deerskin trousers. 1876 BAncrorr Hist, U.S. 
IL. xxxiv. 362 Dressed. -each in a large deerskin. 

Dee'r-sta:lker. [See Sra. v.] 

1, One who stalks deer; a sportsman who fur- 
tively approaches the deer, so as to get within 
shooting-distance without being discovered. 

1875 }. H. Bennet Winter Medit. 1. vii. 189 Reached by 
Scottish deer-stalkers and hardy mountaineers. 1885 BLAck 
White Heather ii, The smartest deer-stalker and the best 
trainer of dogs in Sutherlandshire. ; 

2, Name given to a low-crowned close-fitting 
hat fit to be worn by deer-stalkers. 

1881 Cheg. Career 135 In the winter a ‘ billycock’ or ‘deer- 
stalker’ is considered quite dressy enough, 

So Dee'r-sta:‘lking v#/. si. 

1816 Scott B/. Dwarf ii, On his return from deer-stalking. 
1885 New Bk. Sports 20 There is no sport in the world 
about which more nonsense is talked than deer-stalking. 
1885 Biack White Heather i, Clad in a smart deer-stalking 
costume, b 

Dee‘r-stea:ler. A poacher who kills and 
steals deer. So Dee‘r-stea:ling vd/. sd. 

c1640 J. SmitH Lives Berkeleys (1883) I]. 296 Old 
notorious deerestealers, 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money Chas. 
JI & Fas. IT (Camden) 75 To discover dear-stealers and 
trespassers within the said forest. 1714 MANDEVILLE Fad. 
Bees (1725) I. 172 He promises never to be a deer-stealer, 
upon condition that he shall have venison of his own. 1710 
Lond, Gaz. No. 4702/2 Leave. .to bring in a Bill to prevent 
Dear-stealing. 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midd. xxxiii, Among smug- 
glers and deer-stealers. 

Deerth, obs. form of DEARTH. 

Deese, sd. dial. A place where herrings are 
dried. 

1682 J. Cottins Salt § Fishery 67 That they be suddenly 

ut into the Deese, and well or sufficiently Deesed. ay Fe 

ALLIWELL, Dees, a place where herrings are dried, Last 
Sussex. 1875 Parisu Sussex Gloss., Deese, a place where 
paenins are dried, now more generally called a herring-hang, 
from the fish being on sticks to dry. 

Deese, v. dal. [f.prec.] ¢vans. To dry (her- 
rings). ence Dee‘’sing-room. 

1682 J. Cortins Salt §& Fishery 66 The worser sort .. are 
deesed over a Wood-fire, and are thereby dried and rendered 
. -Red-Herrings. Ibid. 124 Dried .. on Racks in a Fire or 
Deesing-roome. 


+ Devess, deesse. Ods. [a. F. déesse (12the.), 
variant, influenced by L. dea, of dieuesse, fem. of 
dieu god. Cf. Pr, dewessa, dinessa, Sp. diosa, Pg. 
deosa. See -E88.] A goddess. 
_ 1549 Compl. Scot, 1. x1 Ane fayr ymage of the deesse 
iuno. 1685 Br. H. Crorron Burnet’s Th. Earth Pref. A vij 
(T.), He does so much magnifie Nature. .that he hath made 
her a kind of joint deess with God. 1698 VANBRUGH Esop 
3, 285 Wks. (2893) I. 169 The Déesse who from Atropos’s 
breast preserves The names of heroes and their actions. 

Dees(se, obs. forms of Dats, Dice, 

Deet, Sc. f. died; see Dix v, 

Deeth, obs. form of DreatH, 


De-e'thicize, v. [Dr- Il. 1.] ¢rans. To 
deprive of its ethical character; to separate from 
ethics. Hence De-e’thicized ///. a., De-e'thi- 
cizing vi/. sb., De-ethiciza‘tion. 

1887 Boyp Carrenter Perm. Elem. Relig. v. § 2 (1891) 
188 Religionism is the shadow of religion .. its effect is to 
de-ethicize religion. 1890 W.S. Litty Right & Wrong, The 
newspaper press. .has done more than any thing else to de- 
ethicise public life. 1890 Guardian 30 Apr, rae Suspicion 


123 


of that demoralising (or epi tendency. 1893 
Fairsairn Christ in Mod. Theol. 405 Vhe invariable ten- 
dency in Metaphysics is to the de-ethicization of deity. 

Deeve, obs. form of DEAF, DEAVE v. 

Deevil, dial. var. of Devin. 

Deewan: see Dewan. Def, obs, f. Duar. 

Deface (difzi:s), v. Also 4 defaas, 5 defface, 
defase, difface, 6 dyfface. [a. obs. F. deface-r, 
earlier deffacer, orig. desfacter, f. des-, dé- (DE- 6) 
+face Face sb. Cf. It. sfacciare.] 

1. ¢vans. To mar the face, features, or appear- 
ance of; to spoil or ruin the figure, form, or beauty 
of ; to disfigure. 

To deface coin includes the stamping on a legally current 
coin of any name or words other than those impressed on it ; 
made illegal by Act 16 & 17 Vict. c. 102. 

¢ 1374 CHaucer Troylus v. 915 And clepe A-yen pe beute 
of your face, That ye with salte Teeris so deface. 1430 
Lypc. Chron. Troy 11. xxvii, But in her rage to the kinge 
she ran..So diffaced and rewefull of her sight That by her 
hewe knoweth her no wyht. 1555 Epen Decades 48 The 
hole woorke. .defaced with blottes and interlynynge. 1579 
Lyty Luphues (Arb.) 39 One yron Mole, defaceth the 
whole peece of Lawne. 71661 in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. 
Comm. App. v. 7 Lucas..cut downe all the trees about the 
Castle, which utterly defaced the seat. 1716 Lapy M. W. 
Monracu Let. ro Oct, (1887) I. 130 There are some few 
heads of ancient statues; but several of them are defaced 
by modern additions. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 497 
A deed. .is..cancelled, by tearing off the seals, or otherwise 
defacing it. 1848 Macautay //7st. Eng. 1. 160 Fine works 
of art and curious remains of antiquity, were brutally 
defaced. : 

b. fig. (of things immaterial). 

¢1325 Deo Gratias 70 in E. E. P. (1862) 126 pi vertues let 
no fulpe defaas, c 1450 Crt. of Love iii, Minerva, guide me 
with thy grace, That language rude my matter not deface. 
1509 Fisher un. Sernt. C’tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 290 
A noblenes of maners, withouten whiche the noblenes of 
bloode is moche defaced. 1656 Hospes Liberty, Necess. 
& Chance (1841) 286 Those readers whose judgments are 
not defaced with the abuse of words. 1706 Appison Poems, 
Rosamond 1. iv, How does my constant grief deface ‘The 
pleasures of this happy place! 1878 P. Bayne Purit. Rev. 
1. 5 Every religion. .will be more or less defaced by error. 

2. To destroy, demolish, lay waste. Ods. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clxxx. 178 ‘The cytie of Mayn- 
chester, that sore was defaced with warre of the Danys. 
1568 GraFton Chron. II. 751 They woulde. .race, and clerely 
deface the walles, toures, and portes of the Castell. 1575 
Cuurcuyarp Chzppes (1817) 148 Now cleane defaste the 
goodly buildings fayre. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 29 
The Portugals erected a fortresse, which their king after- 
ward commanded them to deface, 1632 Lirucow 7¥av. 11. 
47 Croatia. .then by lawlesse, and turbulent souldiers, was 
miserably defaced. 1871 R. Exiis Catzuddus Ixvi. 12 Hotly 
the King to deface outer Assyria sped. 

3. To blot out, obliterate, efface (writing, marks). 

1340 Ayenb, 191 Hi lokede..ine hare testament and hi 
yze3 pe bousend pond defaced of hire write. ¢ 1400 MAuNDEV. 
(Roxb.) xxv. 117 When pis monee es waxen alde, and pe 
prynte peroff defaced by cause of vsyng. 1483 Caxton 
Gold. Leg. 333/2 The lyon. .defaceth his traces and stappes 
with his taille whan he fleeth. 1587 FLeminc Contn. Holin- 
shed 11. 1372/1 To deface a letter, which he was then in 
writing ..in cipher. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psend. Ef. 1. iv, 
To deface the print of a cauldron in the ashes. 1692 
Bentiey Boyle Lect. i. 4 In Characters that can never be 
defaced, 1839 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Zz III. vii. 
too The beginning of this letter is irreparably defaced. 

b. fig. To blot out of existence, memory, thought, 
etc.; to extinguish. 

©1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 454 This wyl is in myn herte 
and ay shal be No lengthe of tyme or deeth may this deface. 
1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 198 (Matz.) Than comyth 
astorm and doth his lihte difface. 1570'T. Norton tr. Vowel’s 
Catech, (1853) 160 Defacing with everlasting forgetfulness 
the memory of our sins. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. m1. iii. 1, 
For want of issue they [families] are defaced in an instant. 
1709 Pore Ess. Crit. 25 By false learning is good sense 
defac’d. 1796 [see Dreracep]. 


+4. To destroy the reputation or credit of ; to 
discredit, defame. Odés. 

1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 109/1 To deface that holy 
worke, to the ende, that they might seme to haue some iust 
cause to burne it. 1548 Was Erasm, Par. Pref, 11 To 
bryng hym out of credite, todeface hym, 1570 Levins 7/16 
To Deface, dehonestare. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 
223 Reasons to deface the Dukes merits. 1641 Prynne 
Antip. Pp x, Iohn White .. would have defaced Queene 
Elizabeth gladly, if hee durst, in his Funerall Sermon of 
Queene Mary, whom he immoderately extolled. 

+5. To put out of countenance; to outface, 
abash. Obs. 

537 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 143 There stode 
-.Parret..and his face flatt ageynst for to deface me. 
¢ 1570 Lavy Huncerrorp ¢o W. Darrell in H. Hall Eliz. 
Soc. (1887) 253 Seeke oute what possabell may be to deface 
and sinpeore those varlettes that soo vily hathe yoused us. 

+6. To outshine by contrast, cast in the shade. 

¢ 1890 Greene /r. Bacon xvi. 48 So rich and fair a bud, 
whose brightness shall deface proud Phoebus flower. 1639 
tr. Du Bosg’s Compl. Woman C ij, Women who .. put on 
many diamonds... make them contemplate their jewels .. 
The luster of the flash they give, defaceth that of their own 
hue. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 14e The Aurora Borealis 
.-not to be defaced even by the splendour of the full moon, 

+ Defa‘ce, sd. Ods. [f. prec.] Defacement. 

1556 J. Heywoop Spider § F. Ixi. 5 That trewth trewlie 
might appere without deface. 3 SACKVILLE Compl. Dk. 
Buckhm. xix. Wks. (1859) 130 Yet God. . At last descries them 


to your sad deface, You see the examples set before your face. 
1601 CuEestEeR Love's Mart. (1878) 61 His fathers his 
Mothers Countries grace, His honors Badge, his cruell foes 


| 


DEFATL. 


deface. ¢ 1611 Carman //iad vi. 298 He hath been born, 
and bred to the deface, By great Olympius, of Troy. 


Defaceable (d/fé''sab’l), a. [-asLx.] Liable 
to or capable of defacement. 

1889 Bookseller Feb. 146/2 A nickel coin. .[is] not so easily 
defaceable as ordinary bullion. 

Defaced (d#féi'st), pf/. a. [-rp1.] Disfigured, 
marred, destroyed, blotted out, etc.: see DEFACE. 

1776 Avam Smitu W, N, 1. v. (1869) I. 43 One-and-twenty 
worn and defaced shillings. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace 1. 
Wks. VIII. 83 With defaced manufactures, with a ruined 
commerce, 1845-6 TrencH //u/s. Lect. Ser. 1. iv. 57 The 
idea of a..defaced and yet not wholly effaced image of God 
in man. 1860 ‘TynpALL Glac. 1. ix. 61 Defaced statuary. 

Hence Defa‘cedness. 

1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 109 To recover the de- 
facedness of God: to be again made like him, as once I was. 

Defa‘cement. [f. Drerace v.+-menT.] The 
action or process of defacing ; the fact or state of 
being defaced ; concr. a disfigurement. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's [ust. 1. xi. (1634) 38 It cannot be 
done without some defacement of his glory. 1622 Bacon 
Hen. VIT, 55 In defacement of his former benefits. 1630 
Naunton /ragm. Reg. (Arb.) 64 Modesty in me forbids the 
defacements 4 Men departed. 1664 H. More A/yst, Jz. 
566 Such disorderly breaches are a great defacement of the 
lustre of the Protestant Reformation .. which .. was the 
special work of God. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace iii, Wks. 
VIII. 310 Amidst the recent ruins and the new defacements 
of his plundered capital. 1878 P. Bayne Pur. Rev. i. 8 The 
removal of their excrescences and defacements. 1885 J/anch. 
Exam. 23 May 5/1 The defacement of French copper coins 
.. by having an advertisement stamped upon them. 

Defacer (d/féi'so1).  [f. as prec. +-ER1.] One 
who or that which defaces. 

1534 in Froude //ist. Eng. ix. 1]. 320 The most cruellest 
capital heretic, defacer and treader under foot of Christ and 
his church. 1611 Speep //7st. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. (1632) 625 
Clippers and defacers of his Coyne. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. V///, 
v. ill. 41 Nor is there liuing..A man that more detests.. De- 
facers of a publique peace then I doe. 1876 M. Arnotp 
Lit. & Dogma 120 A defacer and disfigurer of moral treasures 
which were once in better keeping. 

Defacing (déféisin), vd/. sd. [-1NG1.] The 
action of the verb Dreracr: defacement. 

ex400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 273/1 ‘The defacing to you is 
verily imaginable. 1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIL, c. 10 For 
satisfaction of any suche breakyng and defacyng of the 
grounde. 1631 WEEVER Aunc. Jun, Alon. 50 Proclamation 
-against defacing of Monuments. @1718 Penn V'racts 
Wks. 1726 I. 686 To preserve them from the Defacings of 
‘Time. 1871 R. Exuis Catuddus |xviii. 171 So your house- 
hold names no rust nor seamy defacing Soil this day. 

Defa‘cing, ///. a. [-1nc*.] That defaces ; 
disfiguring ; + destroying, ete. 

1583 M. Roypon Commend. Verses in Watson Poems (Arb.) 
35 Reproofe with his defacing crewe ‘Treades vnderfoote 
that rightly should aspyre. 1886 Ruskin /rwvterita 1. vi. 
176 The defacing mound [at Waterloo] was not then built. 
1887 7ties 27 Aug. 10/2 He asks for a removal of the de- 
facing advertisements. 

Hence Defa‘cingly adv., in a defacing manner. 

1847 in Craic. 

De facto: see DE I. 3. 

+ Defade, v. Ols. Also 4 diff-, 5 dyff-. Pa. 
t. and pple. in Sc. defaid, -fayd. [prob. repre- 
senting an OF. or AF. *defader, f. des-, de- (DE- I. 
3, 6) + OF. fader: see Fave v.] 

1. intr. To lose freshness or fairness ; to fade away. 

c1325 Song of Yesterday 8 in LE. E. P. (1862) 133 Pei wene 
heore honoure and heore hele Schal euer last and neuer 
diffade. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3304 Now es my face defadide, 
and foule is me hapnede. 1470-85 Matory Arthur x. Ixxxvi, 
A Palomydes..why arte thow dyffaded thou that was wonte 
to be called one of the fayrest kny3tes of the world. 1513 
Doucias 42neis x1. ii. 34 His schene cullour, and figur glaid 
1s nocht all went, nor his bewte defayd. 1570 Levins 9/1 To 
Defade, deficere. ; 

2. trans. To cause to fade; to deprive of lustre, 
freshness, or vigour ; cf. FADE v. 3. 

1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clxx, All thing. . That may thy 3outh 
oppressen or defade. c1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W.de W. 
1494) 11. xii, Beholde me not that I am swart for the sonne 
hath defaded me, 1461 Liber Pluscard. x1. viii. (Hist. Scot. 
VII. 383). 

Defecate, -cation : see DEFECATE, -CATION. 

Defaict, obs. form of Dereat, DErecr. 

Defaik, obs. Sc. form of DEFALK. 

+ Defai'l, v. Ovs. [a. F. défaill-ir (Ch. de 
Roland, rith c.) = Pr. defalhir, OCat. defallir: f. 
De- 3 + fallire, Rom. repr. of L. fa/léve: see Fai. ] 

1. zntr. Used in various senses of Fain v. (the 
prefix adding little to the force of the word): a. 
To be or become absent or wanting (0 a person, or 
with dative); b. To lose vigour, become weak, 
decay; ¢. Zo defail of: to lack, want. 

13.. SHoREHAM Ps, xxii[i}. 1 in Wyclif’s Bible I. Pref. 
Nothyng shal defailen to me. 1340 Ayend. 33 Efterward 
comp werihede bet makeb pane man weri and worsi uram 
daye to daye al huet he is al recreyd and defayled. 1382 
Wycur Deut, xxviii. 32 Thin eyen .. satestyngs at the sizt 
of hem al day. a@1420 Hocctrve De Reg. Princ. 3525 
Whether supposest thow bette that noblesse Begynne in me, 
or noblesse and honour Defaile in the? ¢1440 York Myst. 
xxviii. 146 If all othir for-sake be I schall neuere fayntely 
defayle pe. 148 Caxton Myrr. 11, vi, 1440 Whan the mone 
--cometh right bytwene vs and the sonne, thenne.. the 
mone taketh and reteygneth the lyght of the sonne on 
hye, so that it semeth to ys that is defaylled. 1490 
Eneydos xiii, 48 Her speche deffaylleth alle sodeynly and 

16*-2 


DEFAILANCE. 
can not kepe pu necountenaunce. 1556 Aurelio & Isab. 
N iv, I forcede of love, defailinge of g: jugemente, dis- 
cover myne illes to her. 


2. trans. To cause to fail; to defeat. 
1608 Macuin Dumb Knight 1. (1633) B iv, Which to with- 
stand I boldly enter thus, And will defaile, or else prove 


recreant. 

Hence + Defai‘ling vd/. sd. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1 7) iv. xxix. 331 The 
fourth lettynge is be hi Ade of wytte humayne. 1580 Hot- 
LyBanD Treas., Defaillance langueur, defayling, languor. 

Defai‘lance, - . Obs. Also 7-8 
-fail(l)iance. [a. F. défaillance, f.défaill-ir : see 
-ANCE.] Failing, failure. 

1603 Fiorito Montaigne u. vi. (1632) 207 So great a. .deffail- 
ance of senses [as in fis). 1613-18 Danie Coll. Hist. Eng. 
(1626) 55 He had a fayre Title, by the defaillance of issue. 
1668 Sir W. Water Div. Medit. (1839) 42 In the defail- 
liance of all these transitory comforts. @1677 Barrow 
Serm. Wks. 1716 II. 57 By transgression of his laws and de- 
failance in duty. 1727 A. Hamutton New Acc. E. Ind. I. 
xxxviii. 206 Those Eastern Desperadoes are very faithful 
where. . Covenants are duly observed when made with them, 
but in Defailiance, they are revengeful and cruel. : 

+ Defai‘llancy. Os. rare. [f..as prec. with 
suffix -aAncy.] Failure. 

1649 Jer. TayLor Gt. E-xemp. u. be Our life is full of 
defaillancies. 1689 Def. Liberty agst. Tyrants 144 Neither 
can the others defaillancy [frinted defalliancy] be excused, 
in the bad managing of the tutorship. . 

+ Defai‘lment. 0Oés. [a. obs. F. dfaillement 
(Cotgr.), f. défaillir: see -MENT.] Failure. 

1612 Proc. Virginia in Capt. Smith's Wks. (Arb.) 89 All 
the world doe see a defailement. 1624 Carr. Smitx Virginia 
ut. xi. 88 We... sent him for England, with a true relation 
of the causes of our defailments. 1652-62 HeyLin Cosmogr. 
To Radr. (1674) A iij, After the defailment of his Projects. 

+ Defai'lure. Ods. rare. [f. Dera z. after 
failure: see -URE.] Failure. 

a 1677 Barrow Pope's Suprem. (1687) 272 Why may not 
the Successour of Peter, no less than the Heir of Adam, 
suffer a defaileur of Jurisdiction? 1753 L. M.tr. Du Bosy's 
Accompl. Woman I. 69 Who is there that thinks he shall 
die by defailure of strength? 

Defaisance, obs. form of DEFEASANCE. 

Defait(e, obs. forms of DEFEAT. 

Defaite, defate, pp/. a. Sc. [Sc. form of defeat 
for defeated: cf. DEFEIT.] Defeated, vanquished. 

1597 Montcomerte Cherrie & Slae 1255 For he esteemt 
his faes defate, Quhen anes he fand them fald. 1814 Savon 
& Gael 1. 96 (Jam.) A’ defaite thegither. 

+ Defa‘leable, «. Obs. vave—1. [f. med.L. de- 
falcare (see below) + -BLE.] Liable to be deducted. 

1622 Sir R. Boyte Diary (1886) II. 43 He had paid and 
disbursed for me defalcable on his accompt 714! 17% 64, _ 

+ Defa‘lcate, #//. 2. Obs. [ad. med.L. défal- 
cat-us, pa. pple. of défalcare : see next.] Curtailed, 
diminished. 

1531 Etyor Gov. u. x, All thoughe philosophers in the 
description of vertues haue deuised to set them as it were in 
degrees .. yet be nat these in any parte defalcate of their 
condigne praises. 

Defalcate (difx'lkeit), v. Also 6-7 -at. [f. 
défalcat-, ppl. stem of med.L. défalcdre (see Du 
Cange), f. Dr- I. 1,2 + L. falx, fal-em sickle, 
reaping-hook, scythe. Cf. F. défalquer (14th c. in 

Littré), Sp. defalcar, It. diffalcare.] 

+1. trans. To cut or lop off (a portion from 
a whole) ; to retrench, deduct, subtract, abate. 

1540-1 E_yor /mage Gov. (1549) 25 He shall defalcate that 
thyng that semeth superfluouse. x61 Speen Hist. Gt. Brit. 

Ix. vill. § 54 Rather. . then to defalcate any jot of their couetous 
demaunds. 1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 496 To defalcate 
a substantiall part. 1653 Manton £xf. Yames ii. 1o Man 
is not .. to defalcate and cut off such a considerable part of 
duty at his own pleasure. 1721 Srryve ccd. Mem. U1. xxiv. 
450 Those that had accounts to make to the king .. used to 
defalcate a part and put it into their own pockets. 1755 
Macens /usurances 1. 439 Defalcating from the Money due 
to the English, the Sum which his Subjects demanded for 
their Indemnification. 180 Bentuam Packing (1821) 195 
The least desire to see defalcated any the least particle of 
abuse from a F foreal composed shelly of abuse. 1817 — 
Plan of Parl. Reform cccxvi. 

+2. To take or deduct a part from; to curtail, 
reduce. Ods. 

a 1690 E. Hopkins Exp. Ten Commandm. (R.), To .. de- 
falcate, and as it were to decimate the laws of the at 
God. 19712 Pripeaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 90 Such 
an one shall.. be defalcated all those Particulars in his 

Account, where the Fraud appears. 1793 W. Roperts 
Looker-on No. 66 ® 2 If it [the mind] were defalcated and 
reduced. 1817 BentHam Ch.-of/-Englandisme (1818) 386 Let 
all pay..be defalcated, and applied to the real exigencies of 
the State. } * . 
b. To diminish or lessen in luminosity, heat, etc. 

1808 Hearscuet in PAI. Trans. XCVIIL. 156 Both phases 
appear to me sufficiently defalcated, to prove that the comet 
did not shine by light reflected from the sun only. 

3. intr. To commit defalcations; to misappro- 
priate property in one's charge. 

1864 in ag 1888 Daily News 23 a” 5/1 Head 
clerks have defalcated. 18g Law Times XCIIL. 19/1 The 
secretary of the society having defalcated, and being threat- 
ened .. with criminal ings. 

(difeelkz''fon), [ad. med.L, dé 
falcation-em, n. of action from défalcare: see prec. 
So mod.F, défalcation (18th c. in Hatzf.).] 

+1. Diminution or reduction by taking away a 

part; cutting down, abatement, curtailment. Ods. 


124 


1476 Will of Sir . Crosby, An equall defalcacion or diminu- 
cion — eeiiaiee penny pennylike and rate ratelike 
of all the aforesaide. 1526 1 
corrected .. by the checking 
x61x Spee “Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. (1632) 685 This treason- 
able defalcation and weakening of the royall meanes. 1650 
Fuier Pisgah 412 In such defalcation of measures or 
allotted, he shewed little courtship to his master the Em- 
perour. 1712 Appison Sect. No. 488 P 2 The Tea Table 
shall be set forth every Morning with its Customary Bill of 
Fare, and without any manner of defalcation. _ 

b. sfec. Reduction of an account, claim, etc., by 
the amount of a counter-account or claim, allowed 
as a set-off. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 117 The Factor is to 
haue the benefit of the Salt in defalcation of the said fraight. 
By C. Huston in Houk v. Foley 2 Pen. & W. (Pa.) 250 
(Cent.) Defalcation is setting off another account or another 
contract—perhaps total want of consideration founded on 
fraud, imposition, or falsehood, is not defalcation: though, 
being relieved in the same way, they are blended. 

2. Theaction or fact of cutting or lopping off or 
taking away; deduction. arch. 

1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 471 The defalcation of one 
kind is against the integritie of the substance of the Eucha- 
rist. 1652 Br. Hatt Rem. Whs. (1660) 145 If we be still our 
old selves .. without defalcation of our corruptions, without 
addition of Grace. 1673 Essex i jd (Camden) if 147 To 
allow twelve thousand Pds to y® Farmers, by wt of defal- 
cation, out of ther Rents for y* Customs. = . BuRNET 
Th. Earth \. 285 If these deductions and defalcations be 
made. 1755 Macens /nsurances I. 440 His Majesty .. will 
order the Defalcation of the Sum adjudged to his Subjects. 
a 1832 BentHam Mem. & Corr. Wks. 1843 X. 69 The stock 
of knowledge .. from which, after a certain period [of life], 
large defalcations are every minute making by the scythe 
of Time. 

b. A deduction ; a diminution or abatement to 
which an amount (income, etc.) is liable, on account 
of debts or expenses. arch. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 63 To defray 
this charge of wars, as also all other public defalcations, 
expenses, fees, pensions. 1622 F. Markuam Bk. War i. 
iv. 55 After his debts and defaulcations are paid. 16go 
Boyte Chr. Virtuoso u. 20 This inward Recompense is 
received, not only without any Defalcations, but with great 
improvements. 1701 J. Law Counc. Trade (1751) 9 Repairs, 
risques, damages by fire and other defalcations. 1823 
Bentuam Not Paul p. iii, A reprint. .but with some defalca- 
tions, additions, and alterations. : : 

3. Diminution suffered or sustained ; falling off. 
arch. 

1649 Jer. Taytor Gf. Exemip. x1. i.§ 9 Nothing but a ver 
great defalcation or ruin of a man’s estate will. . justify suc 
acontroversy. 1792 Herscuet in Phil. Trans. LXXXII. 
27 The brightness of the moon, notwithstanding the great 
defalcation of light occasioned by the eclipse. 1793 Ld. 
Auckland's Corr. U1. 514 The duty, which last year pro- 
duced 160,000/, is betted this year at under 50,000/ ; a terrible 
defalcation .. especially after the falling off of the last 
quarter. 1801 WELLESLEY in Owen Desf. 202 The causes 
of this increasing defalcation of revenue are manifest, and 
daily acquire new strength. 183 Brewster Oftics xiv.122 
Its tint varied with the angle of incidence, and had some 


DEFAMATION. 


+1. tvans. To diminish by cutting off a to 
reduce by deductions. One? wit 


darre doo the contrarie to take no bribe, rewarde, or defalke 
the is wagis. 1526 Housch. Ord. 230 The Clerkes 
+. to (printed default] & check the 

of all [those]. .absent without 1 Hu oer, 


‘e or mynyshe, defalcare. 57 Leminc Contn. Holin- 
shed III. 154, Be euerie default their wages was totted 
and defalked. 3-8 Dantet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 158 
In the second Statute .. hee defalked the Jurisdiction of 


Ecclesiasticall 1630 XR. son's Kingd. & Commew. 
323 The monethl y Court (being thirtie thou- 
Crownes) is in times defalked ay thousand. 


2. To cut or lop off; to deduct, subtract, abate. 

+a. gen. Obs. 

x BeEttenpEen Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 118 Thir novellis 
maid Cesius to defaik sum part of his curage vremiserit 
ardorem). 1§77 Stanyuurst Descr. Jred. in Holinshed V1. 
2 Ireland is divided into foure regions . . and into a fift plot, 
defalked from everie fourth part. ele. Taytor Lid. 
Profh, iii. 61 That the Jewes had k’d many sayings 
from the Books of the old Prophets. 1659 Gent?. Cadii 
vu. § 1. 441 These days have taught the vulgar to defalk 
much of that respect which former ages paid to superiors 
of all sorts. 1701 BeverLey Glory of Grace 51 The. . Noble 
Part of the Redemption of Christ were then Defaulked, If 
He did not save From the Filth of Sin. 

b. a part or sum from an account, payment, etc. 
(Still locally in U.S. legal use.) 

1524-5 Burgh Rec. Edin, 20 Feb., Quilk sowme the said 
president .. grantis to be allowit and defalkit to the said 
fermoraris in thair latter quarter. 1530 Patscr. se9/2 i! 
nat defalke you a peny of your hole somme .. This shall 
defalked from yoursomme. 15.. Aberdeen Reg. (Jam.), The 
skiper aucht to defaik sa mekle of his fraucht as wald fuyr 
the merchandis gudis to.. Sanctandrois. 1562 Act 5 Eliz. 
c.4To .. forfeit 14 for euery houres absence, to be deducted 
and defaulked out of his wages. a1610 Heaey Theophrastus 
(1636) 41 If any of his seruants breake but a pitcher .. he 
defalketh it out of their wages. 1666 Perys Dia: &°79) 
III. 486 He bids me defalk 25/ for myself. cone g ARTE 
Ormonde 11. 401 Money .. payable out of the t of 
Ireland, and afterwards defalked out of the Deke's wlery 
and entertainment. 1886 Justice Srerrett in Gunnis v. 
Cluff (Cent.), The question is whether the damages sus- 
tained can be defalked against the demand in this action. 

+e. absol. or intr. Obs. 

1604 Househ. Ord. 305 Our Officers. .to whom it appertain- 
eth to defaulk from their entertainement. a1631 Donne 
Serm, \xxv. 765 Why should I defalke from his gag pe 
positions and. .call his omnes (his all) a Few. 1649 Br. Hatt 
Cases Consc. (1650) 194 He lyes to the holy Ghost, that de- 
falkes from that whieh he engaged himselfe to bestow. 1 
Wanrsurton in Garrick's Corr. 1.77 You see at last if I 
from their human science, I repay them largely in divine. 

+8. a. To allow (any one) a deduction. b. To 
deprive or mulct of (anything due). Ods. 

1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII in Stat. [rel. (1621) 230 The Kings 
said lessees .. shall be defalked, abated, and allowed .. of 
and for such and so much yearely rent and ferme. 565 
Carrum, Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 206 That, for defau' 

Sacraments. 


relation to the defalcation of colour in the pr ic 
1844 H. H. Witson Brit. /ndia 111. 452 A serious defalca- 
tion of the public revenue was incurred. ; : 

4. Falling away, defection; shortcoming, failure, 
delinquency. 

1750 Carte Hist, Eng. 11. 304 Its power would have been 
so much lessened by the defalcation of the vassal provinces. 
1782 Miss Burney Cecilia (1820) III. 38 Defalcation of 
principle. 1820 Lams E/ia Ser. 1. Oxford in Vacation, 
could almost have wept the defalcation of Iscariot. 1822 
Euiza Natuan Langreath 1. 192 Tears of. .regret streamed 
down her cheeks at the defalcation of her vows to Dalton. 
1839 James Louis X/V IV. 158 The defalcation of one or 
two members from the league. 1868 Miss Bravvon Run to 
Earth Ul. i. 16 Pointing out Reginald’s neglect, all his 
defalcations, the cruelty ot kis conduct to her. 

5. A monetary deficiency through breach of trust 
by one who has the management or charge of 
funds; a fraudulent deficiency in money matters ; 
also concr. (in /.), the amount so —————— 

1846 Worcester, Defalcation, a breach of trust by one 
who has —— or management of money. [Not in Craic, 
1847.) 1856 E. A. Bonn Russia at Close 16th C, (Hakluyt 
Soc.) Introd. 130 Although they had clamoured loudly of 
his defalcations..at the termination of his connection with 
them, the balance .. was in his favour. 1866 Morn. Star 
20 Aug. 6/4 The ground of the action taken being an alleged 
defalcation to the extent of 11,000/. 1885 Manch. Exam. 
6 July nt We he prosecutors estimate the defalcations at 
about £1, 


tor (difelkéitex). [agent-n. on L. 
type from med.L. défalcare: see DEFALCATE.) One 
guilty of defalcation ; one who has misappropriated 
money or other peoperty committed to his care. 

1813 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 14/1 A..collector of the income 
tax in the parish of Christchurch Surry, has lately become 
a defalcator to the amount of £3,700. 1858 Cartyte redh. 
Gt. (786s) LF, Phat 290 J iniegia me d ae om 
wi persons. I arper . 
Apr 6o/t = + convicted and sentenced. = 

‘lee, v. Ods. rare, [ad. med.L, défaledre : 
see next.] = DEFALK, ; 

1651 Futter Adel Rediv., Berengarius 5 When we read 

ius calling him hom daci' we know 
how to defalce our credit accordingly. 

Defalk (difflk), v. Ods. or arch. Also 5-7 
-falke, 6 -falck, -faik (Sc.), 6-7 -faulk(e. [a. F. 
pay ee (14th. in Littré), ad. med.L. défaleare : 
see DEFALCATE. ] 


of sol y, we shall be defaulked of fruit of 

Hence Defa‘lking 7v4/. sd. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 31 Bethout any defalking [or] abreg- 
ging of here is. 1598x Anpreson Serm. Paules Crosse 
22 Without addition or defalking too or fro the worde of 
God. Gaupen 7vars of Ch. 235 Few do pay them 
without delayings, defalkings, and defraudings. 

+ Defalla‘tion. Ods. [irreg. f. F. défaillir, 
OF. also defallir: see -ATION.] Failure, failing. 

1490 Caxton How to Die ad fin., t God hath promysed 
trust it well without defallacyon. 


Defalt, -ive, obs. forms of DEFAUL, -IVE. 


Defa‘mable, «. vave.—° Also diff-. [See 
below and prom Liable to be defamed. 
famable, defamadilis. 1721 BaiLey, 


1570 Levins 3/12 

DGamable, that may be slandered. 
‘famate, v. rare~*. [f. Pp. stem of L. diffa- 
mare after following words.] ‘To defame, slander. 

In mod. Dicts. 

Defamation (difima fon, def-). Forms: 4-6 
diff-, dyffamacion, -oun, etc., 6-8 diffamation, 
5- defamation. [ad, OF. a, L. diffa- 
miation-em, n. of action from diffamdre, with same 
change of prefix as in DErame. 

+1. The bringing of ill fame or dishonour upon 
any one; shame. Ods. 
Peerage ema cy at 
T1313 Som t near ielll iffamacioun for a man to vse 


more rynges oon. 1 BetLenpven Livy 1. (1822) 164 
The Komanks has maid *tsir playis allaneriie this day to 
youre diffamacioun and schame, Prynne /istrio- 
Mastix 1. m. vi. (R.), Their a is onely men’s defamation, 
not their reformation. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 262 P 2 Any 
thing that may tend tothe Defamation of particular Persons, 
gene or Societies. " 

. The action of defaming, or attacking any one’s 
good fame; the fact of being defamed or slandered ; 
also (with #/.), an act or instance of 


¢ 1386 Cuaucer Friar’s 7. 6 In . OF i 
Pang auowtrye. ¢ 1425 rare Cron, Vs Xi. 1322 
Wylful Defamatyownys. 1529 More 1. Wks. 127/1 
Thepeaaiees him er mee for - 
t . Fohnson's Kis ‘OMMW. 113 
dees Pn ob from the poyson 1633 Ames y 
Cerem. 11. 530 It was necessarie to oe ae 
cause, iffamation should ainst 1709 
Steere Zatler No, 105 P 4 The of Boniface brought 


P 
“ 


DEFAMATIVE. 


his Action of Defamation. .and recovered Dammages, 1726 
Ayurre Parergon 212 Diffamation, or Defamation .. is 
the uttering of reproachful Speeches, or cont lious Lan- 
guage of any one, with an Intent of raising an ill Fame of 
the Party thus reproached; and this extends to Writing 
..and to Deeds. 1883 Law Ref. 11 Q. Bench Div, 595 An 
advocate is protected from an action for defamation only 
when the words he utters are spoken bond fide, and are rele- 
vant to the matters before the Court. 

In 6 dyff-. [f. L. 


+ Defamative, ¢. Obs. ‘ 
diffamat-, ppl. stem of diffamare, with change of 
prefix as in DEFAME: see -IVE.] Defamatory. 

1goz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxii. 295 Yf 
he hath caused wrytynges dyffamatyues for to be founde in 
place openly. 1634 A. Warwick Spare Min. (1637) 91 De- 
famative reports. 

+ De‘famator. Ods. rare—'. [fas prec. : see 
-oR.] One who defames, a slanderer. 

1704 Gentl. Instructed (1732) 66 (D.) We should keep in 
pay a brigade of hunters to ferret our defamators, and to 
clear the nation of this noxious vermin. 

Defamatory (défe'matori), a. Also 6-7 diff-. 
[ad. med.L. diffamatorius, F. diffamatoire (14th c.), 
f, as prec. : see -ORY.] 

1. Of the nature of, or characterized by, defama- 
tion ; having the property of defaming. 

1592 SuTcLiFFE (¢7¢/e), Answere to a certaine libel, suppli- 
catory, or rather Diffamatory. 1656 EArt Monm. Advt./7. 
Parnass. 144 Though the poets let fly diffamatory verses. 
1669 CLARENDON Zss. Tracts (1727) 157 Defamatory writings. 
1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones (1775) if. 177 Who..condemn 
the whole in general defamatory terms. 1848 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. 1, 482 James..had instituted a civil suit against 
Oates for defamatory words. 

b. Const. of, Zo. 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. iii. § 23 For dispersing of 
scandalous Pamphlets defamatory to the Queen and State, 
Ibid, x. i. § 26 Such papers defamatory of the present 
Government. 1868 StanLey Westm. Abd, vi. 523 A passage 
defamatory of ten Bishops. 1891 7imes 14 Jan. 5/5 The 
Portuguese Government has protested..against the posting 
. of bills and circulars defamatory to its credit. 

2. Of persons: Employing or addicted to de- 
famation. 

1769 ¥unius Lett, ii. 13 All such defamatory writers. 1836 
Hor. Smitu 7in Trump. (1876) 333 They have a good 

for being def. ry. 

Defame (défz''m), v. Forms: 4-7 diff-, 4-5 
deff-, 4-6 dyff-, 6 diffame, 4- defame. [ME. 
diffame-n and defame-n, a. OF. diffame-r, rarely 
desfamer, deffamer, defamer (mod.¥. diffamer) = 
Pr. diffamar, \t. diffamare, ad. L. diffimare to 
spread abroad by an ill report, f. dij/- = Dis- + 
fama rumour, report, fame. In this word and its 
derivatives, while French retains the prefix as ds-, 
des-, dé-, Eng. has the form de-, prob. after med.L. 
déefimare (Du Cange); cf. post-cl. L. défamdatus 
dishonoured, infamous, défam7s shameful. 

(Etymologically, perhaps, sense 1 belongs to défaimare, 
senses 2-4 to diffamare.)] A , 

1. “rans. To bring ill fame, infamy, or dishonour 
upon, to dishonour or disgrace in fact; to render 
infamous. Ods. or arch. 

1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 6571 For to make hym be 
ashamede Pat he shulde be so defamede. c 1374 CHAUCER 
Troylus 1. 537 Me were leuere ded than hire defame. 
cr Caxton Sonunes of Aymon xxviii. 580 We ben 
dyffamed bi thys grete knave, that doth somoche labour. 
1526 ‘TinpaLe Matt. i. 19 Ioseph, loth to defame her. 
1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 92 The hauen of Alexandria, newly 
defamed with a number of wracks. 1684 Contemp. State of 
Max 1. ix. (1699) 103 Crimes so Infamous, as they not only 
defame the Person who commits them, but [etc.]. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. xix. 16 Lest..Dishonest wounds, or violence of soul, 
Defame the bridal feast. 18g0 Tennyson /n Alem. cxi. 23 
The grand old name of gentleman, Defamed by every 
charlatan. 

2. To attack the good fame or reputation of (a 
person) ; to dishonour by rumour or report. 

1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 11636, Y dar weyl seye pou 
hym dyffamest. —¢ 1330 — Chron. (1810) 321 Pe kyng did 
grete trespas, diffamed pape’s se. ¢1386 CHAUCER 
Miller's Prol. B It is a synne. . To apeyren eny man or him 
defame [v.~. diffame]. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xvul. v, 
I am_now in certayne she is vntruly defamed. 1547 
Homilies 1. Love § Sag (1859) 67 Speak well of them 
that diffame you. 1602 Marston Axtonio’s Rev. 1. iii. 
Wks. 1856 I. 122, I have defam’d this ladie wrongfully. 170% 
De For True-born Eng. 34 He never fails his Neighbour 
to defame. 1837 Lytron Z, Madtrav. 240 You would darkly 
slander him whom you cannot openly defame. 1883 Law 
Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 597 The plaintiff has been defamed, 
and has prima facie a cause of action, 

+3. To raise an imputation of (some specific 
offence) against (any one); to accuse. Const. also 
with with, dy, or clause. Ods. 

1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8304 Ioye he hab hym self 
to dyffame Of alle hys synnes. pat REVISA eed De 
P. R. xv. clix, (1495) 546 One Tenes. .was deffamyd that he 
had lyen by his stepdame. ¢ 1460 Fortescur Ads. & Lim. 
Mon. v. (1885) 118 creauncers shul. .defame his highnes 
off mysgouernance. 1482 Caxton Trevisa’s Higden vu. iii, 
One bisshop that was sharply defamed by symonye. 
Grinpvat Fun. Serm. . (1843) 20 As diffaming Lim, at 
for ambition’ sake he would do a thing contrary to his con- 
science. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr.i. iv. (1673) 347 You defame 
us with Treason against the Emperour. 1736 CHANDLER 
Hist. Persec. 213 Others are defamed for heresy ; such who 
are spok gainst by report. 1820 Scorr /vanhoe 
xxxviii, Rebecca. .is, by many frequent and suspicious cir- 
cumstances, defamed of sorcery. 


125 


+4. To publish, spread abroad, proclaim. [Ren- 
dering diffamare in the Vulgate]. Ods. 

1382 Wycur Wisd. ii. 12 He .. defameth a3en vs [Vulg. 
dima in nos] the synnes of oure disciplyne. -— A/a/z. 
ix. 31 Thei goynge out defameden [1388 diffameden] hym 
thorw3 al that lond. — 1 Thess. i. 8 Forsoth of 30u the 
word of the Lord is defamyd, or mzoche told. 

+ Defame (diféi-m), sd. Os. Forms: see the 
verb. [ME. diffame and defame, a. OF. deffame 
(usually disfame, diffame), f. def-, diffamer, to 
Derame. Cf. L. diffamia (Augustine, 4th c.), f. 
*diffamis (cf. défamis, and tnfamis, infamia), f. 
dis- privative +fama FAME.] 

1, Ill fame, evil repute; dishonour, disgrace, 
infamy. 

sys Deneoun Bruce x1x.12 Schyr Wilyame Off that purches 
had maist defame, For principale tharoff wes he. 1474 
Caxton Chesse 1. vi. H iv, His vertue is torned to diffame. 
1533 BeLtLenpen Livy ut, (1822) 301 To the grete diffame 
and reproche of Romanis. _ 1596 Spenser /. Q. Vv. iii. 38 So 
ought all faytours..From all brave knights be banisht with 
defame. 1603 Knottes //ist. Turks (1638) 146 Now he 
lieth obscurely buried, shrouded in the sheet of defame. 
1630 Lorp Persees 50 Such as are..of publique defame in 
the world for some evill. 1659 Crown Garland of Roses 
(1845) 60 Yet lives his famous name Without spot or defame. 

2. Defamation, slander, calumny. 

ax4so Kut. de la Tour 2 Gret defames and sclaundres 
withoute cause. 1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 
1506) Iv. xxi. 270 Those to whome_ he hath spoken the 
dyffame of his neyghbour. 1599 Porter Angry Won. 
Abingd. in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 376 Als. Gour. She slandered 
my good name. Franz. But if she now deny it, ‘tis no 
defame. 1609 Rowranps Avanue of Clubs 36 Fond men 
vniustly do abuse your names, With slaundrous speeches 
and most false defames. 1654 WuitLock Zootomia 447 
Nibles at the Fame Ofss absent Friend ; and seems t’ assent 
By silence to 's Defames. 

Defamed (diféi'md), A//. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED.] 

1. +a. Brought to disgrace, dishonoured, of ill 
fame (ods.). b. Attacked in reputation, slan- 
dered. 

1474 Caxton Chesse 4 The euyl lyf and diffamed of a kyng 
is the lyf of a cruel beste, 1536 BeLLENDEN Cron. Scot. 
(1821) I. 176 Maist vile and diffamit creaturis. 1548 UDALL, 
etc. Evasm. Par, Matt, iii. 30 Souldyoures, a violent and 
a diffamed kynde of people. 1631 WrEver dnc, Fun. Mon. 
146 None were to be admitted if of a defamed life. 1691 
Woop Ath. Oxon. J. 74 The defamed dead recovereth 
never, 1891 ScrivENER Fields § Cities 159 The defamed 
character of a fellow-workman. 

2. Her. Said of a lion or other beast which is 
figured without a tail. [F. difamdé.] 

1863 Chambers’ Encyl. s.v. Infamed 570 Defamed is an 
epithet applied to a lion or other animal which has lost its 
tail, the loss being supposed to disgrace or defame it, 1882 
Cussans Heraldry vi. (ed. 3) 86. 

Hence Defa‘medly av. 

1567 in Tytler ist. Scotd. (1864) III. 265 Let her [Queen 
Mary] know that the Earl of Moray never spoke defamedly 
of her for the death of her husband. 

Defa'meless, «2. rare. [f. DEFAME sé. or v. 
+-LESS.] Free trom discredit or reproach. 

1888 Ramsay Scotl. §& Scotsmen 18th C, II. ix. 151 No- 
thing could be more defameless than their manners. 

Defamer (d?fzi:ma1). Also 5 deff-, 5-6 diff-, 
dyff-. [f. DEFAME v. + -ER. Cf. OF. déffameur, 
deffameur.] One who defames. 

a1340 Hampote Psalter v. 10 Bakbiters and defamers. 
1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 96 A deffamer of wymmen. 
1550 Nicotts 7hucyd. Pref. 3 (R.) Pryuye dyffamours of 
dylygent and vertuous laboure. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 
460 Blushes for the Defamer, as well as Defamed. 1797 


Mrs. Rancurre /tadiax ii, Impatient to avenge the insult — 


upon the original defamer. 
efaming (d/fzi-min), vd. sd. 
action of the verb Deramr. 

@1340 Hampote Psalter Ixiv. 5 Pis is wickidnes and 
defamynge of God. 1556 Aurelio & sab. (1608) H, Fearinge 
the diffaminge of youre poisenede tonges, 1611 Biste Yer. 
xx. 10, I heard the defaming of many. 1611 Beau. & FL. 
Philaster i, ii, They draw a nourishment Out of defamings, 
grow upon disgraces. 

Defa'ming, ///. a. [-1nc?.] That defames. 
Hence Defa‘mingly adv. 

1641 Mitton Animadv. (1851) 189 What defaming invec- 
tives have lately flown abroad against the Subjects of 
Scotland. 

+ Defamous, ¢. Olds. [a. AF. deffamous, OF. 
type *deffameux, {. diffame sb., DEFAME: cf. 
Jamous, infamous. (The stress varies in the me- 
trical examples.)] a. Infamous, disgraceful. b. 
Defamatory. 

1430 NG Lyf Manhode 1. \ii. (1869) 32 No sinne so 
fowl, so defamowse. c 1430 Lypc. Bochas ut. x. (1554) 84 a, 
A word defamous, most foule in al languages. 1500-20 
Dunbar Poems (1893) lix. 10 With rycht defamowss speiche 
off lordis. 1557 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr. 61 b/2 To 
haue set on his graue so defamous a title. _ 1577-87 Howin- 
suep Chron, II, Kkj (N.), There was a knighte that spake 
defamous words of him. i 

Hence + Defamously (dif-) adv., defamatorily. 

1557 R. AtLerton in S. R, Maitland Zss. Reform. 556(D.) 
Whereupon should your lordship gather or say of me so 
diffamously ? 3 

+ Defamy. Ods. Also diff-. [a. OF. diffamie, 
ad. L. diffimia: see DEFAME sb. Cf. infamy: for 
prefix see DEFAME.] = DEFAMATION 1, 2. 
ne Caxton Eneydos xxviii. 109 Wherof they of cartage 

ie haue a blame that shalle torne vnto them to a grete 


[-1ncl.] The 


| much of Asarabacca. 


DEFAULT. 


diffamye. 1494 Fapyan Chron. v. cxiv. 87 By whose defamy 
and report, Sygebert was more kyndelyd to set vpon his 
brother. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccxlii. 359 Y* we be 
reputed for false and forsworne, and to ryn into suche blame 
and diffamy, as [etc.]. 

Defar, defarre, obs. forms of DrFEr v.! 

+ Defarrm, v. Obs. rave—'.  [ad. OF. des- 
Sermer, défermer to unshut, disclose, turn out from 
an enclosure, f. des-, dé-, DE- 1.6 + fermer to shut, 
close.] trans. To shut out from, dispossess. 

1648 Symmons Vind. Chas. / 237 Should they part with it 
[the Militia] they should not only..defarme themselves of 
safety but of their wealth and riches too. 

Defase, obs. Sc. form of DEFEASE. 

Defaste, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of DEFACcE. 

Defate, obs. f. DEFEAT; var. of DEFAITE. 


+ Defa‘tigable, «. Olds. [ad. L. type dé/at- 
gabil-ts (found in negative zxdéfatigabilis), f. fati- 
gare to FATIGUE: see -BLE.] 

1. Apt to be wearied; capable of being wearied. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Defatigadle, easily to be wearyed. 
1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 244 That when this bird is defatig- 
able, and wearied with flying, that hee will betake himself to 
any ship, 1662 GLanvitt Liv Orient, (1682) 116 We were 
made on set purpose defatigable, that so all degrees of life 
might have their exercise. 

2. Apt to weary or fatigue. 

1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. Pref., My Imployments.. 
and defatigable diuturnal Labours. 

Hence Befa‘tigableness. 

1727 Baitey vol. Il, Defatigadleness, aptness to be tired. 

+ Defa‘ti ate, v. Obs. [f. L. déefatigat-, ppl. 
stem of défatigare to weary out, exhaust with 
fatigue, f. Dre- I. 3 + fatigare to weary, FATIGuE.] 
trans. To weary out, to exhaust with labour. ILence 
Defa‘tigated, Defatigating /f/. ad/s. 

1552 Hutoet, Defatigate, defatigo. 1566 Painter ad. 
Pleas. (1575) 1. Yo Rdr., Mindes defatigated either with 
painefull trauaile or with continuall care. 1634 Sir T. 
Herpert 7'vav. (1638) 190 Up which d gating hill we 
crambled. a 1666 C. Hooter School Collog. (1688) Ep. Ded., 
This defatigating task of a Schoolmaster. 

+ Defatiga'tion. Ols. [ad. L. dfatigation- 
em, n. of action from défatigare (see prec.).) The 
action of wearying out, or condition of being wearied 
out; fatigue. 

1508 Fisher Wks, (1876) 196 Whereby we shall come into 
everlastynge defatygacyons and werynesse in hell. 1610 
Barroucu JZeth. Physick ww. ii. (1639) 218 Sometime it is 
caused through wearinesse and vehement defatigation. 1654 
tr. Scudery’s Curia Pol. 175 A defatigation and dispirited- 
ness will accompany that oppression. 

Defauleation, -faulk, obs. ff. DeraLcation, 
-FALK. 

Default (diiolt), 52. Forms: 3-6 defaut, -e, 
(4 defau3te), 4-5 def-, diffaute, 5 defawt(e, 
(deffawte, defauute), 5-7 defalt, 5-6 defalte, 
-faulte, (5 deffault(e, 6 difalt, deafaulte), 6- 
default. [ME. a. OF. defaute, deriv. of defaillir, 
after faute and fazllir: see Fautt. Nearly super- 
seded in Fr. by a masc. variant defaudt (in Froissart 
14th c.), mod.F. défaut; in Eng., forms without 
final -e appear also in 14th c., but those with -e 
came down as late as the 16th. 

The spellings defalte, defaulte, appear in Anglo-Fr. of 
13-14th c.3 and defalt, default, in English of 15th c., but 
the / was not generally pronounced until the 17th or 18th c. 
cf. Fautt.] : 

I. Failure of something, want, defect. 

+1. Absence (of something wanted) ; want, lack, 
scarcity of; =F aur sb. 1. Obs. or arch. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 1718 (Cott.) [That] pou haue defaut [v. 7. 
defaute, deffaute] of mete and drink. /éid. 4601 (Gitt.) 
Suilk diffaute sal be of bred, pe folk sal be for hunger dede. 
1375 Barsour Bruce u. 569 Gret defaut off mete had thai. 
Thea. xiv. 368 Defalt of mete. 1380 Wycuir Serie. Sel. 
Wks. I. 70 Certis defaute of bileve is cause of oure sleuthe. 
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 199 Bi necligence & defaute of 
help manie men ben perischid. a@1470 Tirtort Czsar iv. 
(1530) 6 They had defawte of all things as be convenyent. 
1 Upatt Erasm. Par. Pref. 14 Ignoraunce and defaulte 
of litterature. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 90 
Through default of a well made penne he is forced to write 
with a sticke. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 19 And 
a great default there was..of sufficient pay, of holesome 
meat, and unanimity. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 94 
Two kinds of deafness are those arising from an excess of 
wax in the ear, or its total default. . 

+b. adsol. Lack of food or other necessaries ; 
want, poverty. Ods. 

c12g0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 261/16 For non ne scholde for de- 
faute bi-leue be foals sunne. @ 1300 Cursor MM. (Cott.) 4760 
Pan iacob and his suns warn For defaut wel ner for-farn. 
1393 Lanct. P. Pl. C. xvut. 67 He..fedde pat a-fyngred 
were and in defaute lyueden, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 
166 b/: They of the towne within had so grete defaulte that 
they ete theyr shoys and lachettis. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 
vi. clxxxvi. 186 Many dyed for defaute. 

ec. For default of (obs.), in default of; through 
the failure or want of, in the absence of; + /z 
default: failing these (this, etc.). 

1 rea i 57Vor defaute of wyt, c 1369 CHAUCER 
Dethe Blaunche 5, ue so many an idel pou3t Purli for 
defaute_of slepe. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 93 The fissh, if 
it be drie, Mote in defalte of water deie. 1464 ca 4 Wills 
(Camden) 24 For the defawte of eyr male. 1568 TuRNER 
Herbal 1. 29 In defaut of it he teacheth to take halfe as 
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary ui. (1625) 


DEFAULT, 


47 And for default of other matter forsooth, how they laught 
at me. 1650 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. ¢ 
(1860) I. 2 It shall be lawful’.. to make Probates of Wills, 
and default of a will to grant Letters of Administration in 
the Colony. HicxerinGitt Ceremony-Monger, Wks. 
(1716) II. 468 The Presbyters or (in default) any Church 
ember. 1729 Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 IL. 1 
fault of that perfection of wisdom and virtue. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 340 And for default of issue of the body 
the said Thomas, to [etc.]. _ 1865 J. C. Witcocks Sea 
Fisherman (1875) 27 Pilchards for bait may frequently be 
procured. .in default of which Mussels can be obtained. 

2. A failure in being perfect; an imperfection, 
defect, blemish, flaw; =Fautr 3: a. incharacter 
or things immaterial. Ods. or arch. 

389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 He shal be put out .. in-totyme 
pt he haue hym amended of pe defautes to-fore said. a1450 
Knut. de la Tour (1868) 160 She is with oute defauute. 21533 
Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel.(1546) N ij b, Al defautes in 
a gouernour — borne saue A pecan 1680-90 TemPLe 
Ess, Learn. Wks. 1731 I. 151 New 
them their Beauties as well as their Defaults. 
T. Tub v. 80 Forcing into light my own excellencies and 
other men’s defaults. 1880 KinGLaKke Crimea VI. vi. 143 
Grave defaults all the while lay hidden under the surface. 

+b. in appearance, structure, etc.: Physical 
defect or blemish. Odés. 

1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 5016 And if any lym wanted .. 
or any war over smalle .. God pan wille Alle be defautes of 

lyms fulfille. ae Maunpev. (Roxb.) iii. 9 Pai .. fand 

same letters .. als fresch as pai ware on te first day 
withouten any defaute. 1487 Churchw. Acc. Wigtoft, Linc. 
(Nichols 1797) 82 For mending and stoppyng of the botrasses, 
and other defauts in the chirche walles. 1562 TurNER 
Herbal 1. 39 Lynt sede .. when it is raw it taketh away 
the defautes of the face and frekles. 1634 T. JoHNson tr. 
Parey's Chirurg. Xxv1. xvi. (1678) 639 All such defaults must 
be taken away, and then. .an epulotick applied. 

II. Failure in performance. 

3. Failure to act; neglect; sfec. in Law, failure 
to perform some legal requirement or obligation, 
esp. failure to attend in a court on the day assigned ; 
often in the phrase fo make default. Judgement by 
default; a judgement given for the plaintiff on the 
defendant's failing to plead or put in his answer 
within the proper time. 

(1292 Britton 1. ii. § 8 Et si le pleyntif face defaute a nuli 


Counté.]_ ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 58 Defaute he 
mad pat day. Perfor was be dome gyuen..To exile pe erle 
Godwyn. 1411 E. Z. Wills (1882) 20 Takynge a distresse 


in defawte of payment. 1498 Act 11 Hen, VIT, c.7 Vf any 
..-make defaute at the day and place. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers 
Log. 53 b, If hee bee nonsuite in an action, or doe commit 
any such like default. 1666 Perys Diary (1879) 1V. 208 
The calling over the defaults of Members appearing in the 
House. 1736 Neat //ist. Purit. I. 540 His Majesty per- 
sisting in his refusal to plead, the clerk was ordered to record 
the default. 1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts & Sc. s.v., Where 
a defendant makes default, judgment shall be had against 
him by default. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises (ed. 3) II. 
155 The period of foreclosure is the date of the final order 
of the Court, following default of payment on the day ap- 
pointed. 185r Hr. Martineau Hist. Peace (1877) HI. 1v. 
ix. 21 He had allowed judgment to go by default. 

attrib, 3892 Boston (Mass.) Frul. 15 Jan. 8/3 John F. 
Delaney was arrested .. this morning on a default warrant 
issued by the Superior Court. 1894 Daily News 7 Feb. 7/8 
A default summons in which the company sought to recover 
payment of an account. 

+4. Failure in duty, care, etc., as the cause of 
some untoward event; culpable neglect of some 
duty or obligation; =Fauut 7. Obs. 

To be in default: to fail in one’s duty. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 26241 (Cott.) If pi barne for pi defaut be 
for-farne. c1400 Lay Folk's Mass Bk. ve . lil. 126 He is 
continuelly in defaute a3zen pat mye a1 lord. c¢ 1400 
Maunpev. (Roxb.) Pref. 2 Thurgh whilk ilk man es saued, 
bot if it be his awen defaute. c1460 Towneley Myst. 60 
Greatt defawte with hym youre fader fand. _1§23 Lp, 
Berners Froiss. 1. ccclxxix, 634 The rebellion. .hath coste 
.. Many a mans lyfe in Gaunt, and parauenture many a one 
that were in no defaulte. 1549 Latimer 5¢h Serm. (Arb.) 
149 They shall aunswere for all the soules that peryshe 
throughe theyr defaute. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World u. 473 
Those calamities which happen by their owne default. 1 
Mitton Samson 45 What if all foretold Had been fulfilled 
but through mine own default, Whom have I to complain 
of but myself? 1742 Pore Dunciad 1. 486 A God without 
a Thought, Re less of our merit or default. 

+b. transf. of things: Failure to act or perform 
its normal or required functions. Default of the 
sun (L. defectus solis): eclipse. Obs. 

1340 Hampote Pr, Consc. sors If any lym wanted. . Thurgh 
i defaut here of kynd. 1520 Caxton's Chron. ae Mt. 19/1 

alus founde fyrste the defaute of the sonne and the moone. 
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 131 It is your Oxe that 
by default of your owne fence hath entred my ground, 1621 
Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. ut. § 2 Faith, opinion. . Ratiocina- 
tion, are all accidentally depraved by the default of the 
imagination. 1736 Gray Let. to West in Mason —_ (ed. 2) 
14 If the default of your spirits and nerves be nothing but 
the effect of the hyp, I have no more to say. 

+5. (with @ and /.) A failure in duty; a wrong 
act or deed; a fault, misdeed, offence; =FAavLt 5. 

@ 1225 Ancr, R. 136 Beon icnowen ofte to God of .. hire 
defautes touward him. a 1340 Hampote Psalter cxl. 4 It is 

manere of ynqueynt men when ere takyn with a 
defaute to excuse paim wip falshede. 1386 Cuaucer 
Sompn. T. 102 Ye god amende defautes sire quod she. 
Manual of lg $4 Lands, Grant us pardon of our defaults. 
1548 Gest Pr. di i 


lasse 74 To a gyltlesse p isa 
defaulte full grevc ares Emi, ut. iv. 139 Thine 
owne defaults did urge twofold punishment, 1 


Moxon Mech, Exerc. 264 That no Timber be laid within 


In de- | 


[books] .. have many of | 
1704 Swirt | 


| 


126 


the Tunnel of any Chimny, upon penser tp the Workman 
for every Default ten Shillings. I Pp. oF Lonpon in 
W. S. Perry Hist, Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. 1. 201 It is..a grief 
to hear of ety and irregularities among you. 
+b. A failure in what is attempted ; an error, 

mistake ; =Favuir 5 b. Obs. 

c1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7. 962 With so glad chier his 
gestes sche receyveth, And so connyngly everich in his 
degre, That no defaute no man aparceyvet' 1426 Paston 
Lett. No. 7 I. 25 Hem semyth .. by the defautes ye espied 
in the same .. that the processe .. is false and untrewe. 
4590 Hvutcurinson in Greenwood Collect. Sclaund. Art.Cb, 

our vnsufficient Argument hath 2. defaults in it. 1737 L. 
Crarke Hist, Bible w. (2740) 192 One ony Default. . was, 
that they did not make a right use of their victories. 1822 
Soutney Vis. Fudgement 111 There he .. accuses For his 
own defaults the men who too faithfully served him. 

+6. Failure in any course; sfec. in Hunting, 
failure to follow the scent; loss of the scent or 
track by the hounds; =F aut sd. 8. Ods. 

a1300 Leg. Rood (1871) 22 Our sta worp isene Per-by 
pou my3t wippoute defaute to paradys euene gon. cue 
Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 384 ‘The houndis hade ouershet 
hem al, And were on a defaute [v.7. defaulte] ifal. 1486 
Bk. St. Albans FE. vj b, And iff yowre houndis chase at hert 
or at haare and thayrenne at defaute. 1602 2nd Pt. Return 


| fr. Parnass. u. v. (Arb.) 31 Thrise our hounds were at de- 


fault. 174% Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. 291 The Huntsman .. 
assisting them at every Default, when they have either lost 
the Slot, or follow not the right. — 

7. Failure to meet financial engagements; the 
action of defaulting in money matters. 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Default, a failure of payment 
of instalments, etc., agreed upon, or in the due execution of 
a contract. 1875 Jevons Money ey Eg Convicted of 
fraud or default. 1890 Daily News 8 Nov. 5/4 Some de- 
sr are expected at the Stock Exchange settlement next 
week, 

Default (difp'lt),v. Forms: 4-5 defaut(e, 5 
defawte, 6-7 defalt, 6 difalt, 6-default. [ME. 
ad. OF. defaillir (in 3rd sing. pres. defalt, defaut, 
default) to fail, be wanting, make default, = Pr. 
defalhir, defaylhir, OCat. defallir, Romanic type 
defallire, f. De- + fallire, fallere, L. fallére: see 
Fain. Cf. It. sfallire (disfallire), Sp. defallecer, to 
fail. In English associated with DEFAULT sé.] 

1. intr. To be wanting ; to fail. Oés. (exc. as in 
quot. 1860, transf. from sense 3.) 

©1340 Cursor M. 8572 (Fairf.) Riches sal pe defaute nane. 
1382 Wycur View, xi. 33 3it flesh was in the teethe of hem, 
ne defautide siche a maner mete. 1860 Merc. Marine Mag. 
VII. 121 The Court advised the Captain to account to his 
Owners for the money which was defaulting. 

+b. To have want of, be deprived of. rare—'. 

1440 Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 140 (Add. MS.), I leue to the my 
doughtir .. and I comaunde the, that she defaute of none 
thyng .. as longeth to a maiden for to haue. | 

+ 3 To fail in strength or vigour, faint; to suffer 
failure. Ods. 

1382 Wyciir Fudg. viii. 5 And he seide .. 3yueth looues 
to the puple, that is with me, for greetlich thei defauten 
(1388 for thei failiden greetli]. /éid. 15 That we 3euen to 
the men, that ben wery and han defautid, looues. a 1440 
[see DerauLTine v6/, s6.). a1gg2 Greene JYames 1V,11.1i, 
And can your .. king Default, ye lords, except yourselves 
do fail? @1617 Bayne On Eph, (1658) 34 No inferiour cause 
can default beside his intention. : 

3. To make default ; to be guilty of default; to 
fail to fulfil an obligation, esf. one legally required, 
as to appear in court at the proper time. 

1596 Spenser F. Q. v1. iii. 21 He .. pardon crav'd for his 
so rash default That he gainst courtesie so fowly did default. 
16ar Br. Mountacu Diatribe 47 This was .. punishable if 
defaulted in. ri ea BalLey ( Ay 1828 [see DerauLTING 

. W. Hamitton Pop, Educ. viii. (ed. 2) 1 


aj. © 
he Dissenters .. in the Weekly Schools .. are grievously 
defaulting. 1857 [see DerauLtinG ff/. a.}. © CARLYLE 


Fredk, Gt. Il. vitt. iv. 318 There is one Rath. .who has been 
found actually defaulting ; peculating from that pious hoard. 
1892 Boston (Mass.) ¥rnd. 15 Jan. 8/3 Delaney was arrested 
by officers. .this morning .. He was arrested July 21 .. and 
defaulted. 

b. To fail to meet financial engagements. 

1868 Rocers /’ol. Econ. xix, (1876) 25) e colony .. will 
cease to get fresh itors, as assuredly as any defaulting 
foreign Government does. 1885 7th 11 June 925/2 To insist 
upon Egypt paring bar creditors, and to let Turkey default 
to hers is a palpable contradiction. 1886 Manch, Exam. 
9 Jan. 5/1 Last year ..44 companies, with 8,386 miles of 
main line, defaulted and passed into receiverships, 

4. trans. To put in default ; to make or adjudge 
a defaulter ; in Zaw, to declare (a y) in de- 
enter judgement against him (see quot. 
1828). ? 

1375. Barsour Bruce 1. 182 Thone the balleoll, that swa 
sone Was all defawtyt & wndone. 1574 tr. Littleton's 
Tenures 87 a, No man of full age shalbe received in any ple 
by the law to difalt or disable his owne person, 1597 SKENE 

e Verb. Sign. s.v. Sok, The court beand fensed, the Serjand 
thereof sall call the Soytes, and defalt the absentes. 1828 
Wesster, Default, to call a defendant officially, to a r 
and answer in court, and on his failing to answer, todeclare 
him in default, and enter judgment against him ; — the 
defendant be defaulted .. [also] the cause was defaulted. 

+5. To fail to perform; to omit, neglect. Ods. 

1648 Mitton Tenure aay > (1649) 32 Wee shall not need 
dispute .. what they have defaulted towards him as no king. 

SAnpERSON Serm. (1689) 388 He that defalteth any- 
thing of that just honour, 

6. To fail to pay. 

1889 Pall Mall G. 27 Apr. 6/3 Mexico .. defaulted her in- 
terest after promising to pay 5 per cent. 


DEFAULTY. | 


seme tiant, = [f. penee v. ere 
ot repr. any Fr. form.] Defaulti ilty of 

po lad J ting, guilty 
1884 A. A. Putnam 10 Yrs. Police Fudge v. 30 It did not 
had been delinquent, 


oe that the offending officials 
tant, or otherwise derelict. 

+ Defaulted, f//.a. Ots. [f. Deraunr sé. or 
v.+-ED.] Having defaults or defects ; defective. 

1580 E. Kwicut Trial Truth 63 (T.) The old defaulted 
building being rid out of the way. 

Defaulter ag ras [f Dzrautr v. + -ER.] 
One who is guilty of default; es. one who fails to 


perform some duty or obligation legally required 


of him; one who fails to a’ when required. 
1666-7 Marvett Corr. Ixv. Wks. 1872-5 II. 206 On Friday 
the defaulters upon the call of the House are to be called 


over. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 436 Vhe defaulters being many, 
and the amercements by the Oticers perhaps not sometimes 
over reasonable. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Default, 
Judgment may be given against the defaulter. 1848 Tnack- 
eRAY Van, Fair lvi, Master Osborne, you came a little late 
this morning, and haye been a defaulter in this res more 
than once. Brack Green Past. xi. (1878) 85 There was 
no chance of a defaulter sneaking off in the night without 
paying his fourpence, 

. Mil. A soldier guilty of a military crime or 


offence. Also attrib, 
1823 in Crass Techn. Dict. 1844 Regul. & Ord. Army 
119 fi to the Defaulters' Room for any peri 


not exceeding seven days. . being drilled with the Defaulters 
during that time. 1853 Srocqueter Milit. Encycl., De- 
Jaulters’ Book, aregimental record of the crimes of the men. 
1892 Daily News 25 Mar. 3/2, I attach a copy of Private 
O'Grady’s defaulter-sheet. 

e. One who fails properly to account for mone 
or other property entrusted to his care, esp. throug 
having misappropriated it to his own use. 

1823 Crass /echu. Dict., Defaulter (Com.), one who is 
deficient in his accounts, or fails in making his accounts 
correct. 1856 E. A. Bonn Russia at Close 16th C. (Hakluyt 
Soc.) Introd. 81 He was soon .. d .-as a defaul 
in his accounts. 1887 /Vestm. Rev. June 298 The Receiver- 
General for Lower Canada became a defaulter to the extent 
of £96,000 of public money. 

d. One who fails to meet his money engage- 
ments ; one who becomes bankrupt. 

1858 Simmonps Dict. 7ydde, Defaulter..a trader who 
fails in his payments, or is unable to meet his engagements. 
1887 Pall Mail G. 28 June 9/2 Mr. H—. has been officially 
declared a defaulter upon the Stock Exchange. 

+ Defau'ltiness. O/s.—° In 6 defalt-, ff. 
DEFAULTY @, + -NESS. 

1530 Patscr. 212/2 Defaltynesse, favte. 


Defaulting (difltin), vé/. sb. [f. Deravir 
v. + -ING!,] Failing, failure (ods.); failing in an 
obligation. 

1382 Wycuir IVisd. xi. 5 The enemys .. suffreden peynes, 
fro the defauting of ther drinc. a 1440 Found. St. Barthol. 
45 For Get oh mad of his hert, the vtteryng of his voice 
beganne to breke. 1870 Emerson Soc. §& Solit., Work & 
rain Wks. (Bonn) III. 67 Shameful defaulting, bubble, and 

nkruptcy. 

Defau'lting, 7//. a. [-1Nc*.] That defaults: 
see the vb. (es. in sense 3). 

1828 Wenster, Defanlting, ppr. 1. Failing to fulfill a con- 
tract; delinquent. 2. Failing to perform a duty or legal 


requirement; as, a as a Walsh, 1857 G. 
Wuson Let. in Mem. x. (1 ) 4 4, 1 took a defaulting 
lecturer's place at the Philosophi nstitution. Law 


Times LXXXVIII. 115/2 A writ of sequestration. .against 
a defaulting trustee. 

Defau'ltive, c. Ols. [f. Deraurr sd. + 
“IVE, after F, fautif, -ive: cf. Favvtive.] Deficient, 
faulty, remiss. 

argoo Wycur Exod. vi. 12 (MS, B, etc.) Hou schal 
i brood per moos sithen Y - Miyano [v. 7. hee i 

efautiyf] in lippis. ¢1g00 Lan/ranc’s Ci ie e 
ryngis whanne pei ben joyned wip merie bei ben utif 
azens pe merie. a 1641 Br. Mounracu Acts & Afon. (1642) 
274, I never was i nor defaltive in any thing which 
might conduce unto, or advance your benefi 


t. 
+ Defau'ltless, 2. Os. rare—'. 


Faultless. ica wet 

1 Hampore Pr. Conse. yrnes i fe 
bee: -Pat any man myght yne defautles War Be 
@ poynt to pat fairnes. 


Defau'ltress. ave. 


A female defaulter. i 

1736 Swirt New Prop. Quadrilie, The defaultress to be 
amerced as foresaid at the next meeting. 

+Defau'lture. O¢s. rare. [f. Deravit v. + 

-uRE: cf. failure] The action of defaulting ; 

failure to fulfil an engagement. 

31632 /ndenture in Arb. Conner I. 
ies 


ld fi 


[-Lzss ] 


[f. DerauLTER + -Ess.] 


317 If oy one of the 
fi pa as fail in t y such money 
..then it should be lawful to and for the rest of the said 
parties..to supply the same, or to admit some other person 
or persons to have the share of such defaulture, paying the 
sum imposed on the said share, 

Also 5 defawty, 5-6 


+ Defawlty, Obs. 
[f. DerauLT sb, + -¥: 


1 a 
-fauti, -fautie, -fauty. 
cf. Derauttive, Fauvty.] Faulty, defective, in 
fault. 
€ Promp. Parv. 115 Defawty, defectivus. 
Poon Rook xiii. 72 Remudae aha ellis in hem schulde 
be untrewe and defauti. 1462 Marc. Paston in Le?t. 
No. 436 IL. 84 He. .swore sore he was nevyr defawty in that 
have thowte hym defawty in. 1526 Prlgr. Perf. (W. de 
-1531) 214 In the whiche werk so be founde defauty, 


DEFEASANCE. 


it shall be layde to his charge. 1530 PAatsGr. 309/2 De- 
faulty, in blame for a matter, Duden Sauteuse. 
De: , obs. form of DEFEAT. 


Defe, obs. form of Dear, 


Defeasance (difi-zins). Forms: 5 defes- 
ance, Sc. defasance, 6 depheazance, Sc. defais- 
ance, 6-7 defeasans, defeysance, 7 defeisance, 
6-9 defeazance, 6- defeasance. [ME. a. AF. 
defesaunce, OF. defesance undoing, destruction, f. 
OF, defesant, des-, pr. pple. of desfaire (now dé- 
Saire) to undo, destroy, f. des-, dé-, DE- I. 6 + faire 
to do. See -aNncr.] 

1. Undoing, bringing to nought; ruin, defeat, 
overthrow. (Now always coloured by 2.) 

1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. xii. 12 Where that champion stout 
After his foes defeasaunce did remaine. 1616 R. CARPENTER 
Christ's Larum-bell 61 Notwithstanding the discouery and 
defeysance of their manifold mischieuous designments. 
@ 1617 Bayne Ox Eph. (1658) 35 He my suffer defeasance 
in the intentions hee purposeth. 1847 Grote Greece 11. ix. 
III. 21 It was always an oligarchy which arose on the 
defeasance of the heroic kingdom. 1874 Stusss Const. Hist. 
I. viii. 235 The extinction or other defeasance of the old 
royal houses. 

2. Law. The rendering null and void (of a former 
act, an existing condition, right, etc.). 

1592 GreENE Def. Conny Catch. (1859) 15 The gentleman 
.. promised to acknowledge a statute staple to him, with 
letters of defeysance. 1602 FuLBEcKE 2nd Pt. Parall. 68 
As to conditions impossible in facte, such conditions if they 
go to the defeasans of an estate, the estate notwithstanding 
remaineth good, 1628 Coxe On Litt. 236b, Indentures of 
Defeasance. 1765 BLackstone Comm, I. 211 It was not a 
defeazance of the right of succession. 1827 JARMAN Powell's 
Devises (ed. 3) 11. 242 An executory devise, limited in de- 
feazance of a preceding estate. 

3. Law. A condition upon the performance of 
which a deed or other instrument is defeated or 
made void; a collateral deed or writing expressing 
such condition. 

1428 Surtees Misc. (1890) 9 An obligacyon..and a defes- 
ance made yer apon yat ye sayd John Lyllyng fra yan 
furth suld be of gude governaunce. 1580 SIDNEY Arcadia 
lL. 293 A sufficient defeazance for the firmest bond of good 
nature, 1634 Forp P. Waréeck u. iii, No indenture but 
has its counterpawn: no noverint but his condition or 
defeysance. 164r Vermes de la Ley 103 A defeasance is 
usually a deed by it selfe concluded and agreed on betweene 
the parties, and having relation to another deed or grant. 
1767 BLackstone Comm. II. 327 A defeazance is a collateral 
deed, made at the same time with a feoffment or other con- 
veyance, containing certain conditions, upon the performance 
of which the estate then created may be defeated or totally 
undone, 1875 Poste Gaius u1. Comm, (ed. 2) 414 The 
warrant being accompanied by a defe e declaring it to 
be merely a security for payment, 

+4. Sc. Acquittance or discharge from an obli- 
gation or claim. Ods. 

1478 [see DEFEASEv. 2]. 1489 Sc. Acts Yas. IV (1597) § 
The saidis letters of discharge to be na defaisance to hen 
1551 Sc. Acts Mary (1597) § 10 It sal be leasum to the 
a lleres, notwithstanding the defai ¢ maid presently, 
gif they please to bye in againe. . Defaisance of payment. 
Hence Defea'sanced fa. fp/e. or a. 

1846 Worcester, Defeasanced (Law), liable to be for- 
feited. Burrows. 

Defease, v. Also 5 Sc. defese, 6 Sc. defase, 
7 defeise. [f. defeas-ance, defeas-ible, etc., and 
thus representing OF, de(s)fes-, stem of desfazre to 
undo; see DEFEASANCE.] 

1. ¢vans. To undo, bring to nought, destroy. rare. 
' x62 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met, 1v. (1626) 76 What? could 
that Strumpets brat the form defeise Of poore Mzonian 
Saylers, drencht in Seas? 1866 J. B. Rosz Ovid's Fasti 
vt. 836 Now on the Ides all order is defeased. 

+2. Sc. To discharge from an obligation, acquit. 
b. To discharge (a part), deduct. Ods. 

Act, Dom. Conc. 22 (Jam.) Becauss the thane of 
Caldor allegis that he has charteris to defese him tharof 
{payment}, the lordis assignis him. .to schew tha charteris, 
and sufficiand defesance. 1551 Sc. Acts Mary (1597) § 10 
The awner .. sall not bee halden to paye mair .. then 
cummis to the residue thereof, the saidis sext, fifth and 
fourth partes, vespectiué, being defaised. 1664 NewsyTi 
in M. P. Brown Sufi, Decis. (1826) 1. 499 Notwithstanding 
of the Mea shillings Scots to be defeased to the defender 


upon the bol 
+ Defease, sd. Sc. Ods. [f. prec. vb.] Dis- 


charge, acquittance ; = DEFEASANCE 4. 

1491 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. 1. 166 Chauncellare, we charge 
3ow that,.3e here the Thesauraris compt and defeis, and 
allow as 3e think accordis to resone 

Defeasible (difrzib’l),a. Also 6 defeazable, 
9 -ible, 7 defesible, -eable, 7-9 defeasable. [a, 
AF, defeaszble (Lyttelton) :—OF. type *de(s)fazsible, 
*de(s\festble, f. de(s\faire, de(s)fes-, to undo + -BLE. 
Cf. FrastBik.] Capable of being, or liable to be, 
undone, ‘defeated’ or made void ; subject to for- 


feiture. 

1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 301 There be two or three rules 
to be obserued, otherwise the adoption is defeasible. 1612 
Davirs Why Ireland, etc, (1747) 81 He came to the Crowne 
of England by a defeasible title. 1767 Blackstone Comm. 
IL. 393 In all these creatures, reclaimed from the wildness 
of their nature, the property is not absolute, but defeasible. 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 105 A confirmation may make 
a voidable or defeazible estate good, 1876 Bancrorr Hist. 
U.S. 1. xv. 456 The unlettered savage..might deem the 
English tenure defeasible. 


| 


127 


Hence Defea‘sibleness, Defeasibi lity. 

1610 Donne Pseudo Martyr 158 Much lesse .. were our 
Lawes subject to that frailty and Defeseablenesse. 1885 
Str F. Nortu in Law Ref, 29 Ch. Div. 542 The defeasibility 
of the gift in favour of Mrs. White. 

Defeat (difzt), sb. [Appears at end of 16the.: 
f. DEFEAT v., prob. after F. défazte sb. (1475 in 
Matzf.) : the latter was the ordinary fem. sb. from 
défait, -e, pa. pple. of défaire vb., =It. désfatta ‘an 
yndoing, an ynmaking’ (Florio), a defeat, a rout ; 
Romanic type *disfacfa: see DEFEAT v.] 

+1. Undoing; ruin; act of destruction. Zo make 
defeat upon (of): to bring about the ruin or de- 
struction of. Ods. 

1599 Suaks. Much Ado w. i. 48 If you .. Haue vanquisht 
the resistance of her youth, And made defeat of her vir- 
ginitie. 1602 — Ham. u. ii. 598 A king, Vpon whose pro- 

erty, and most deere life, A damn’d defeate was made. 1621 

EAUM. & Fi. Thierry & Theo.v. ii, After the damned defeat 
on you. @1634 CuHarman Rev. Honour, That he might 
meantime make a sure defeat On our good aged father’s 
life. 1636 Davenant /’/ts v. v, I cannot for my heart pro- 
ceed to more Defeat upon thy liberty. 


2. The action of bringing to nought (schemes, 
plans, hopes, expectations); frustration. (Now 
usually fig. of 3.) 


1599 SHaks. Hen, V,1. ii. 213 So may a thousand actions 
once a foote.. be all well borne Without defeat. 1645 
Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 191 After I had sufficiently com- 
plained of my defeat of correspondence at Rome. 1667 
Lp. G. Dicsy Elvira t. ii, Th’ ingenious defeats .. You are 
prepar’d to give to her suspicions. 1675 Avt Contentm. ix. 
§ 3. 224 With him .. whose perpetual toil makes him insen- 
sible what the defeat of sport signifies. _ 1738 WARBURTON 
Div. Legat. u. Notes (R.), The defeat of Julian's impious 
purpose to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem. 1859 TENNYSON 
Guinevere 621, | must not dwell on that defeat of fame. 

3. The act of overthrowing in a contest, the fact 
of being so overthrown or overcome; overthrow. 

With objective genitive, or its equivalent, as ‘ after their 
defeat by the Romans’, ‘the defeat of Bonaparte at Water- 
loo’; phrases, to inflict a defeat upon, t give a d. to, to 
defeat ; to suffer, sustain, t receive a defeat, to be defeated. 

a. in a military contest or fight. (The usual 


term from ¢ 1650.) 

1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 298 They had newes in 
Fraunce of the defeat of the armie. 1657 North's Plutarch, 
Adait, Lives 57 To revenge the Defeat which they received 
at Derbent. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 213 Prince 
Rupert. .notwithstanding his late defeat at Marston Moore. 
Jbid. 298 They gave a totall defeat to the Turkish Fleet. 
1667 Mitton P. /. 1. 135 The dire event, That with sad 
overthrow and foul defeat Hath lost us Heav’n. 1710 
STEELE Zatler No. 74 P 12 He received the News of the 
Defeat of his Troops. 1841 Etruinstone Hist. /nd. 11. 
103 He at last suffered a total defeat, and lost all his acqui- 
sitions. 1874 GREEN Short Hist, vii. § 8. 430 The defeat of 
the Armada. 

b. in other contests or struggles, e.g. in parlia- 
ment, the defeat of a ministry, of the supporters 
of a measure, of a measure itself. 

1697 Jer. Cottier “ss, Mor. Suby., Confidence (1698) 103 
A Man of Confidence. .is ready to rally after a Defeat ; and 
grows more troublesome upon Denial. 1848 Macaulay 
Hist, Eng, 11. 26 In that House of Commons. .the Court 
had sustained a defeat ona vital question. 1884 GLADSTONE 
in Standard 29 Feb. 2/7 The vote upon redistribution of 
power brought about the defeat of the first Reform Bill, 

4. Law. The action of rendering null and void. 

Defeat (d‘frt), v. Forms: 4-5 deffete, 4-7 
defete, 5 deffayt, dyffeat, 5-7 defait, 6 defayte, 
-fette, -feict, -faict, disfeat, 6-7 defeate, 7 de- 
feit, 6- defeat. [f. OF. defert, -fait, orig. desfait, 
pa. pple. of desfatre=It. disfare, late L. diffacére, 
disfacére, to undo, unmake, mar, destroy (in Salic 
Law and Capitula Car. Magn.), f. L. dis- (see 
Dre- I. 6) + facére to do, make. Apparently the 
OF. pa. pple. defart, defeit was first taken into 
Eng. as a pa. pple. (see Dererr, defer) ; this was 
soon extended to defeted, and defete taken as the 
stem of an Eng. verb: cf. the dates of these. 

_ (The pa. pple., and even the pa. t., were sometimes defeat 
in 16-17th c.)] 

+1. trans. To unmake, undo, do away with; to 
ruin, destroy. Ods. 

1435 Rolls Parl. 490 Ve saide pouere Toune of Caleys, yat 
by ye continuance of ye saide Staple hath hiderto been 
gretly maintened .. [is] like to bee defaited and lost. 148r 
Caxton Myrr.1. i. 7 God may make alle thyng & alle deffete 
orvnmake. 1481 — Godfrey 21 Whan Titus. .deffeted and 
destroyed al the cyte. 3509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxvilt. 
xii, Her lusty rethoryke My courage reformed. .My sorowe 
defeted, and my mynde dyde modefy. 1548 Hatt Ch7on. 
184 To subverte and defaict all lusions and agr 5 
enacted and assented to, in the last Parliament. 1604 
Suaks. O¢/, 1. ii. 160 Vnkindnesse may do much; And his 
vnkindnesse may defeat my life. 1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. 
1. xxii, § 5 (1873) 207 Great and sudden fortune for the 
most part defeateth men. 1611 Corcr., Desfaire, to vndoe ; 
..defeat, discomfit, ouercome;_ruine, destroy, ouerthrow. 
1632 Lirucow 7rav, vit. 343 Thy wals defeat, were rear’d 
with fatall bones. 

+2. To destroy the vigour or vitality of; to cause 
to waste or languish ; fa. pp/e. wasted, withered. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 11. i. 30 Pou languissed and art 
deffeted for talent and desijr of pi raber fortune. 1483 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 136/1 My_body is deffeted by the 
tormentis, that the woundes suffre nothyng to entre in to 
my thought, : 


DEFEATED. 


+8. To destroy the beauty, form, or figure of ; to 
disfigure, deface, spoil. Ods. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xli. 65 a/2 
She was soo deffayted and dysfygured by the grete absty- 
nences that she made. /é7d. 1. 1. 101 b/2 His vysage..was 
also pale and dyffeated as of adeed man. 1495 7 revisa's 
Barth. De P. R.w. iii. (ed. W. de W.) 83 Dryenesse.. 
makyth the body euyll colouryd, and defacyth and de- 
fetyth [corpus discolorat et deformat; Harl. MS. 4787 
(c 1410) euel y-hewed & defacep & defete ; Addit. MS. 27944 
(c 1425) euel I-hewed & defactif & defete; or%g. probably 
euel yhewed & defaced & defet). 1604 SHAks. O¢A, 1. iii. 
346 Defeate thy fauour, with an vsurp'd Beard. 


+4, Hunting. To cut up (an animal), Ods. 

14.. Le Venery de Twety in Rel, Ant. 1.153 And whan 
the hert is take. .and shal be defeted. /d/d. 154 And whan 
the boor is i-take, he be deffetyd al velue, 

5. To bring to nought, cause to fail, frustrate, 
nullify (a plan, purpose, scheme, etc.). 

1474 Caxton Chesse 65 Thynges and honoures shal ben 
defetid by sodeyn deth. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 
34b, Whiche illusyon. .as soone as it was detected .. anone 
it auoyded & was defeted. 1538 Starkey England iv. 
118 Yf hyt were wel ordryd justyce schold not be so de- 
fettyd. 1602 Suaks. Ham, 11. ili. 40 My stronger guilt, 
defeats my strong intent. 1660 HickERINGILL Jamaica 
(166t) 73 The most promising designs .. are many times 
easily defeated. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S¢. Gt, Brit. 1. m1. 
x. (1743) 204 Almost sufficient to defeat the old adage, 
“Rome was not built ina day’. 1781 CowPER Charity 38 
To thwart its influence, and its end defeat. 1818 Cruisr 
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 414 ‘Vo. .defeat the ulterior objects of the 
articles, 1855 Emerson J//sc. 223 A man who commits a 
crime defeats the end of his existence. 

6. Law. To render null and void, to annul. 

1525 Tunstat, etc. Zo Wolsey (MS. Cott. Vesp. C mt. 
189 b), In case ye wold have those points at this tyme be ex- 
presse convention defeatyd. 1583 IW7lls §& /nv. N.C. 
(Surtees) II. 62 Herbye defeating all former will and willes, 
by me att anye tyme made. 1642 Perkins /’rof. BA. iv. 
$279 This exchange is good until it be defeated by the 
wife or her heire. 1767 Biackstone Comm. 11. 142 The 
lessee’s estate might also, by the antient law, be at any 
time defeated, by a common recovery suffered by the 
tenant of the freehold. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IT. 49 
A condition that defeats an estate. 1848 WuHarton Law 
Lex. sv. Defeasance, A Defeasance on a bond. .defeats 
that in the same manner. 

7. To do (a person) out of (something expected, 
or naturally coming to him); to disappoint, de- 
fraud, cheat. 

1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 121 The credytorys holly are 
defayted of theyr dette. 1542-3 Act 34-5 //ex. V///, c. 20 
§1 Feined recoueries..to binde and defete their heires 
inheritable by the limitacion of suche giftes. 1569 NewTon 
Cicero's Olde Age 14a, That they might defeate him from 
the use and possession of his goods. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard 
Texts 382 That thou maist not be defeated of that glory 
which awaits for thee. 1667 Mitton ?. L. x1. 254 Death.. 
Defeated of his seisure. 1767 BLackstone Coma. I. 475 
A means of defeating their landlords of the security which 
the law has given them. 1777 Jounson Let. to Mrs. 
Thrale 6 Oct., Having been defeated of my first design. 
1846 Mitt Logic ui. xxvi. § 3 The assertion that a cause 
has been defeated of an effect that is connected with it by 
a completely ascertained law of causation. 

+b. To deprive of (something one already pos- 
sesses); to dispossess. Ods. 

1ggt Harincton Ori. Fur. xxxvi. xlvii. (1634) 301 Rogero 
sunders them..Then of their daggers he them both de- 
feateth. 1606 Day /le of Guds 1. il. (1881) 12 That who- 
soeuer..can defeate him of his daughters shall with theyr 
loues inioy his dukedome. 1677 Govt. Venice 29 They are 
never defeated of those marks of Honour, unless they have 
done something dishonourable. 

8. Todiscomfit or overthrow in a contest ; to van- 
quish, beat, gain the victory over: a. in battle. 

The sense gradually passes from ‘undo, annihilate, ruin, 
cut to pieces, destroy, rout’, in the early quots., to that 
merely of ‘beat, gain the victory over, put to the worse’, in 
the modern ones. (Not in Shaks.) 

1562 J. SHute Cambine’s Turk. Wars 6 The armie of 
Baiazith was defeicted, and he taken by Tamerlano. 1579 
E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cad. June, Great armies were 
defaicted and put to flyght at the onely hearing of hys 
name. 1606 HoLLanp Sxefon. 15 After this, he defeited 
Scipio and Ivba. _ /ééd. 47 When Lollius and Varrus were 
defaited. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. 47 Then... he 
made an end of defeating them, the most of them being 
constrained to leap into the Sea. 1667 Lp. Orrery State 
Lett. (1743) I. 213 Three English ships .. fell on the Irish, 
killed some, and defeat the rest. 1776 7'rial of Nundocomar 
64/2 Their army was defeated before the walls of Patna. 
1838 THirtwat Greece 1V. 437 An engagement followed, 
in which Therimachus was defeated and slain. 1861 Westm. 
Rev. Oct. 497 But though defeated the Cotton States were 
not vanquished. 

b. transf. and fig. 

178r Cowrer Retirement 781 "Tis love like his that can 
alone defeat The foes of man. 1818 SHettey Rev. /slam 
vi. lii, But that she Who loved me did with absent looks 
defeat Despair. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. IIl. 139 
Isabell was not to be so easily defeated. 


+ Defea‘tance. Obs. rare. [f. Dergat v. + 


-ancE. (Not in Fr.)] Defeat. 
ax61z2 Broucuton Wks. (1662) III. 693 By 3000 well 
giuen to acourtier anda lady, procured grief to Q. Elizabeth 


and defeatance. 


Defeated (d/f7'téd), AA/.a. [-mp1.] Undone, 
frustrated, vanquished, etc. ; see the verb. 

160z SHaks. Ham. 1. ii. 10 As 'twere, with a defeated ioy. 
1660 HIcCKERINGILL Yamaica (1661) 86 Daring to rally 
defeated courage. a 1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 239 
The malevolence of the defeated party soon revived in all 


its energy. 


DEFEATER. 


Defeater (difito1). [-2r1.] One who or that 
which defeats. 

1844 Turrer Crock of G, xiii, That inevitable defeator of 
all printed secrets—impatience. 1864 Sata in Daily Te?. 
Ir ., The loss inflicted by the defeated on the defeater. 

Defeating, v/. sb. [-1nc1.] The action of 
the verb DEFEAT, q.v. 

Pe Good Newes fr. Fraunce Title-p., Together with the 
eating, drowning, and taking of much victuaille, corne 

and money, sent by the enemy. 1 Watson T?ars of 

Fancie xxvi. Poems (Arb.) 191 liue I now and looke for 

ioyes defeating. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 94 
e defeating of some companies of Dragoons. 


Defea‘ting, #//. 2. [1NG2.] That defeats; 
see the verb. 

1674 Bovte Excell. Theol. 1. iii. 106 The defeating dis- 
positions of his providence. 


+ Defea'tment. Ods. [f. DEFEAT v. + -MENT.] 
The action of defeating, defeat. 


1. In battle or war; =DEPrEAT sé. 3. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres w. i. 98 The cause of many 
defeatments. a1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 19 
Considering the defeatments of Blackwater. 1733 MILLNER 
Compend. Frnl. 167 The Seat of the War was wholly in 
Flanders, removed thither by the French Defeatment. 

2. Undoing, frustration, disappointment (of a 
purpose, design, etc.) ; = DEFEAT sé. 2. 

1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv. 1. vi. (1854) 53 Had these 
letters been delivered to the King (as they might have been 
but for this defeatment). 1674 Owen Ws. (1851) VIII. 491 
The defeatment of these advantages. 1681 H. More Exf. 
Dan. 261 In defeatment of his Power and Laws in the 
Church. 

Also 


Defeature (d/f7*tiiiz), sb. Obs. or arch. 
7 defaiture, defeiture, diffeature. [a. OF. 
deffaiture, desfaiture, f. desfaire to undo, etc., after 
faiture:—L. factira making, doing. In Eng. con- 
formed in spelling to defeat, and in sense 2 associ- 
ated with feature.] 

+1. Undoing, ruin; =DeEreat sb. 1. Obs. 

I Danie Compl. Rosamond, The Day before the 
Night of my Defeature. 1596 Srenser /. Q. tv. vi. 17 For 
their first loves defeature. 1615 Life Lady Fane Grey 
Biij b, After her most vnfortunate marriage and the utter 
defaiture almost of her name and honours. 1616 R. C. 
Times’ Whistle iii. goo To make defeature Of his estate in 
blisse he doth intend. 

2. Disfigurement, defacement; marring of features. 


arch. Cf. DEFEAT v. 3. 

Now chiefly an echo of the Shaksperian use. 

1590 Suaks. Com. Err. v. i. 299 Carefull houres with times 
deformed hand, Haue written strange defeatures in my face. 
Ibid. u.i. 98. 1592 — Ven. § Ad. 736 To mingle beauty 
with infirmities, And pure perfection with impure defeature. 
1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennetr Beggar Girl (1813) V. 312 All the 
defeatures of guilt. .stood on Aa brow of the former. 1829 
Soutuey Collog. Society Ded. 1. iv, Ere heart-hardening 
bigotry.. With sour defeature marr'd his countenance. 1842 
Tait's Mag. YX. 354 To see the veil uplifted from the 
deformities and defeatures of my fellow-creatures. 

+3. Frustration; = DEFEAT sd. 2. Obs. 

1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 14 The 
defeature and discouerie of those horrible Traitors. 1668 
E. Kemp Reasons for Use of Ch. Prayers 10 Have they 
had no disappointments, no defeatures? _168r GLANVILL 
Sadducismus 1. (1726) 31 The Defeature of its Purposes. 

+4. Defeat in battle or contest. Oés. 

1598 Frorio, Soffratto, a defeature or ouerthrow. 1601 
Ho tanp Péiny TI. 481 After the defeiture of K. Perseus. 
1623 Masstncer Bondman i.i, Have you acquainted her 
with the defeature Of the Carthaginians, 1810 SouTHey 
Kehama x1. ii, Complaining of defeature twice sustain’d, 
hs Fraser's Mag. X. 417 This comfort we to our defeature 
end. 

Defea‘ture, v. [f. prec.sb., sense 2. Cf. OF. 
deffaiturer (13th c. in Godef.), with which however 
the Eng. word is not historically connected.] /vans. 
To dishgure, deface, mar the features of. Hence 
Defea‘tured f//. a. 

1792 J. Fennett Proc. at Paris (L.), Events defeatured 
by exaggeration. 1818 Blackw. Mag. Il. 493 A.. face, 
defeatured horribly. 1863 Lp. Lyrton Ring Amasis Il. 
137 Ruined defeatured shapes of Beauty. 

Defeazable, -ance, var. DEFEASABLE, -ANCE. 


+ Defecate, Fae a. Obs, Also 5 deficate, 7 
defecate. [ad. L. défwcat-us, pa. pple. of dzfecare 
(see next). In early times used as pa. pple. of 
Derecate v.] 

1. Purified from dregs, clarified, clear and pure. 


a. as Fed 
1 Lyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 34 b, Ale or biere welle and 
perfytely brewed and clensed, and. .settled defecate. 
1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 257 Joys..defecate 
from your dregs of guilt. 
. as ad). rs 
1 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 143 This pure, 
att, defecate, lovely, and << juyce, 1621-51 Lat. 
Mel. i. ii. 1. i. 233 Many rivers..defecate and clear. 167 
R. Bonun Wind 235 e Air is generally defecate and 
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 146 It renders the 
mass of bloud defacate. a ? 
2. Mentally, morally, or opictually purified. 
1450 Henryson Zest. Cres. (R.), Sith ye are all seven 
deficate Perticipant of diuine sapience. 62x Burton 
Anat, Mel. 1. iv. 1. i, Calvinists, more defecate than the 
rest, yet..not free from superstition. 1653 H, More Con- 
ject. Cabbal. I ig ) 23 A pure and defecate Aethereal Spirit. 
1742 Youne N+. 7h. ix. 1209 Minds elevate, and panting for 
unseen, And defecate from sense. 


to DEFECATE. 


128 


Defecate (de'frkeit), 7. Also 6 defieate, 7-9 
defecate. [f. ppl. stem of L. diwcare to cleanse 
from dregs, patil f. De- I. 6 + fex, pl. fac-es 
dregs. Cf. F. déféguer (16th c. in Littré).] 

‘1. trans. To clear from dregs or impurities; to 
purify, clarify, refine. 

1 Lanenam Let. (1871) 58 When..it iz defecated by al 
nig ts standing, the drink iz the better, 162x Burton Anat. 

‘e/. 1. ii. 1. i, Some are of opinion that such fat d 


‘DEFECT. — 


Immort. Soul Introd. v.-2 Which Il being noug 
of Good, 1632 J, Havwarp tr, Biondi’s 
th b and defect. 


Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 


F 


waters make the best Beere, and that seething doth defe- 
cate it. 1707 SLoane Yamaica 1. 20 The gum, which 
they defecate in water by boiling and purging. 1753 
Hervey Theron & Asp. (1757) I. xii. 457 Some like the 
Distillers Alembick sublimate; others ike the Common 
sewers defecate. 188x H. Nicnotson From Sword to 
Share xxxii. 255 The juice should be..defecated and con- 
centrated on the most approved methods. 

2. fig. To purify from pollution or extraneous 
admixture (of things immaterial). 

1621 Burton Anat. Mei. m. iv. 1. iii, Till Luther's time. . 
who began upon a sudden to defecate, and as another sun 
to drive away those foggy mists of superstition. 1648 
BoyLe Seraph. Love (1700) 58 To Defecate and Exalt our 
Conceptions. 1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. i.17 If we defecate 
the notion from materiality. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 
177 © 4 To defecate and clear my mind by brisker motions. 
1866 Lowe. Biglow P. Introd, Poems 1890 IT. 162 A grow- 
ing tendency to curtail language into a mere convenience, 
and to defecate it of all emotion. W. M. Rosserti 
Life of Shelley p. xx, To defecate life of its misery. 

. To remove (dregs or faeces) by a purifying 
process; to purge away; to void as excrement. 
Also fig. 

1774 Goipsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. iv. 13 It [the air] soon 
began to defecate and to depose these particles upon the oily 
surface, 1862 GouLsurn Pers. Relig. w. vii. (1873) 311 To 
defecate the dregs of the mind. 1872 H. Macmittan True 
Vine iii. 91 By the death of the body, sin is defecated 

b. absol. To void the feces. 

1864 in Wepster. 1878 A. Hamitton Nerv. Dis. 108 The 
patient should not be allowed to get up to defecate. 1889 
J. M. Duncan Clin, Lect. Dis. Women xiv. (ed. 4) 96. 

Hence De‘fecating vd/. sb. and ff/. a. 

1855 Maurice Let. in Life (1884) II. vii. 277 Get it clear 
by any defacating processes. 1885 Manch. Even. News 
29 May 2/2 The use of defecating powders. 

Defecated (de‘fikeitéd), 2f/.a. [f. prec. +-ED.] 

1. Cleared of dregs or impurities; clarified, clear. 

1641 Witkins Math. Magick u. v. (1648) 185 Have the air 
..So pure and defecated as is required. 1677 Grew Anat‘, 
Fruits iii. § 6 A more defecated or better fined Juyce. 1733 
Cueyne Eng. Malady Pref. (1734) 5 Generous, defecated, 
spirituous Liquors. 1865 Sat. Rev. 17 June 721/1 We have 
a right to ask..that our rivers should flow with water, and 
not with defecated sewage. 

2. fig. Mentally, morally, or spiritually purified. 

1611 SpeeD /ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. § 4 A great deale of 
cleare elocution, and defacated conceit. 1793 T. Taytor 
Orat. Julian 39 Consider the defecated nature of that pure 
and divine body. 1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 279 
His judgment daily becomes more and more defecated. 

3. transf. Of evil: Unmixed, unmitigated. 

1796 Burke Let. Noble Ld, Wks. VIII. 57 The principle 
of evil himself, sa ae, pure, unmixed, dephlegmated, 
defecated, evil. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1873) 92 The Penal 
Colonies. .have been the seats of simple, defecated crime. 

Defecation (deffké'-fon). Also defecation. 
[ad. L. défecation-em, n. of action from défecare 
Also in mod.F.] The action or 
process of defecating. 

1. The action of dine pe from dregs or lees ; 
cleansing from impurities ; clarification. 

1656 Biount Glossog”., Defecation, a purging from dregs, 
arefining. 1666 J. tls Old Age ied 2) ore Depuracion 
and defxcation .. of the blood and vital spirits, 1865 
Standard 26 Jan., Unless some means are taken for the de- 
fecation of the sewage before it is discharged into the river. 

2. Purification of the mind or soul from what is 


gross or low. 
ing ba Taytor Gt. Exemp.1. Ad § ix. 142 A defecation 
of his faculties and an garde of Prayer. 

3. The peng. 4 of the faeces. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 310 In coughing, sneezing, 
vomiting, defecation..a greater or less num of the 
muscles..act in unison. 1847-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. IV. 142/2 
Cases of defecation of hair..are..to be received with dis- 
trust. 1872 Huxtey PAys. vi. 153 When defecation takes 


place. 

Defecator (de'frkzito1). [agent-n. f. DEre- 
OATE v.: see -OR.] One who or that which defecates 
or purifies ; sfec. in Sugar-manufacture: see quot. 
1874. 

sang Nalmwening Defecator, that which cleanses or purifies. 
1 niGHT Mech. Dict., Defecator, an ap ‘us for the 
removal from a saccharine liquid of the immature and 
feculent matters which would impair the concentrated re- 
sult... Defecators for sorghum partake of the character of 
filters. Ure Dict, Arts fit (Sugar), This dis- 
solving pan is sometimes. .called a ‘defecator *. 

Defect (difekt), sd. Also 5 defaicte, 5-6 
defecte. [ad. L. défect-us defect, want, f. ppl. 
stem of défictre to leave, desert, fail, etc.: see 
Derrcr v. In early use repr, OF. defaicte priva- 
tion, or defaict evil, misfortune: see DEFEAT v.] 

1, The fact of being wanting or falling short; 
lack or absence of something essential to com- 
pleteness (opposed to excess) ; deficiency. 

1589 Nasue /ntrod. Greene's aaa (Arb.) rr To 
supplie all other inferiour foundations defects. 1592 Davies 


b. Jn defect: wanting, deficient, defective. Jz 
(for) defect of : in default of, for want of. 


defect. Jéid. i. 5 Our bodies are .. prone to pii 
defect of daily food. 164: Frencu DéstilZ. 1. (2653) 3 In 
defect of a Furnace .. we may use a Kettle. 1 

Browne Relig. Med. (1659) 174 That tquality) oe 
defect the Devils are wabay . 1767 BLackstone Comm. 
II. 76 Besides the odmeeeey il were liable to in defect of 
personal attendance. 1865 Grote Plato I. i. 47 In other 
{animals) water was in excess, and fire in defect. pe 

2. A shortcoming or failing; a fault, blemish, 
flaw, imperfection (in a person or thing). 

c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 44 An hidde defaicte is sum- 
tyme in nature Under covert. 1592 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 138 
But having no defects, why dost abhor me? 1594 Hooker 
Eccl. Pol. 1. i. (1611) 2 The manifold defects whereunto every 
kind of regiment is subiect. 1647 CLarenvon /ist. Red. 1. 
(1843) 25/1 The very good general reputation he had, not- 
withstanding his defects, acquired. 1752 Fretpinc Covent 
Gard. Frni. No. 56 Ill breeding. .is not a single defect, it is 
the result of many. 1857 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Poets 1.x. 18 
Its incurable defect is an utter absence of imagination. 1878 
Mortey Crit. Misc., Vauvenargues 14 Vauvenargues has 
the defects of his qualities. 

b. Naut. (See quots.) 
1829 Marryat F. Mildmay v, Having delivered .. an ac- 


| count of our defects, they were sent up to the Admiralty. 


1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Defects, an official return 


| of the state of a ship as to what is required for her hull 


and equipment, and what repairs she stands in need of. 
Upon this return a ship is ordered to sea, into harbour, into 
dock, or paid out of commission. 

+8. The quality of being imperfect; defectiveness, 
faultiness. Ods. 

+538 Starkey England nu. i. 178 The defecte of nature ys 
with vs such. ¢ 1600 SHAKS. Sonn, cxlix. 11 When all my 
best doth worship thy defect. 1776 Sir J. Revnotps Disc. 
vii. (1876) 414 The merit or defect of : ormances. 

4. The quantity or amount by which anything 
falls short ; in A/ath. a part by which a figure or 
quantity is wanting or deficient. 

1660 Barrow Euclid vi. xxvii, The greatest is that AD 
which is applied to the half being like to the defect K I. 167. 
Jeake Arith. (1696) 233 Supplying the defect of the Dividend 
with Cyphers. 1823 H. J. Brooke /utrod. Crystallogr. 
When a decrement by 1 row of molecules takes place on the 
re 8 of any parallelopiped, the ratio of the edges of the 
defect fete} 1858 Herscuet Astron. § 545 An allowance 
ay tional to the excess or defect of Jupiter's distance 
fi a che ean above or below its average amount. 

+5. Failure (of the heavenly bodies) to shine; 
eclipse ; wane of the moon. Oés. [L. défectus.] 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 1 e defect of the 
Moone and her occultation. 1607 Torse.t Four. Beasts 
(1658) 4 When the moon is in the wane, they [Apes] 
are heavie sorrowful .. for, as other ‘beasts, so do 
these fear the defect of the stars and planets. 1692 Ray 
Dissol. World 259 Prodigious and lasting Defects of the 
Sun, such as happened when Czsar the Dictator was slain. 

+6. A falling away (from), defection. Ods. 

1s4o in St Eccl. Mem. 1. xix. The king .. made 
a donct from his purpose of reformation with great precipi- 
tancy. a Vey. 308 When a priest apostatizes 
.. they seldom place his di to the account of conscience. 

Defe'ct, a. Obs. [ad. L. défectus, pa. pple. of 
défictre: see next.] Defective, deficient, wanting. 

1600 Tourneur 7ransf. Meta . Prol. i, This hu: 
concauitie, defect of light. —_ . Taytor (Water P.) Wks. 
(N.), Their service was defect lame. 1664 Flodden F. 
vi. 56 And advice was clean defect. 

Defect, v. [f. L. déect-, a of déficere 
to leave, desert, , eease, fail, f. De- + facere 
to make, do. . intr. 

+1. To fail, fall short, become deficient or want- 
ing; to fall off from (a standard, etc.). Obs. 

1586 J. Hooxer Girald. Irel. in Holinshed 11. iss ie 
he perceiued that nature began to faile and , he 
yeelded himselfe to die. 1598 Barcktey Felic. Man ww. 
(1603) 315 The vertue and nesse of men seemeth to de- 
fect from that of former ages. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. 
Ep. 1. v. 18 Yet have the inquiries of most defected 4 the 
way. e4 Gavute Magastrom. 295 The Moon ly 
defected an — de Barrow Serm, Wks. 1716 
IIL. 16 Not .. to defect from the right .. course thereto. 

2. To fall away from (a person, , OF Cause) ; 
to become a rebel or deserter. Now Oés. or rare. 

1596 Datrymrce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot, w. liii, 241 Thay 

defected frome the Christiane Religioune. | Buck 
Rich, 111, 1. 15 The Duke was now secretly in his heart de- 
fected from the King, and become male-content. 1652 GAULE 
Magastrom. 340 He defected, and fled to the contrary part. 
1860 Russevt Diary India 1. xviii. 280 The native troops 
and yen defected. 
trans. p 

+38. To cause to desert or fall away. Ods. 

7636 PrYNNE Tek. ee Ded. Ayo Ons from 
(t i ) throne, expell me t » 1685 F. Spence 
House of Medici 373 ‘The means of defecting his garrison. 

+4. To hurt, damage, make defective ; to dis- 
honour. Oéds. 

1579 Remedie agst. Loue Cij, To brydell all affectes, As 


DEFECTANT. 


..Drunkennesse, Whordome, which our God defectes, 1639 | 


Troubles Q. Eliz. (N.), Men may much suspect ; But yet, 
my lord, none can my life defect. 

Hence + Defected Af/. a., + Defe'cting vd/. sd. 

1589 Warner A/d, Eng. v. xxviii. (R.), Defected honour 
neuer more is to be got againe. 1596 DaLtrympetr. Les/ie’s 
Hist. Scot. (1885) 62 A certane gret schip, bot throuch aldnes 
defected. 1602 CArEw Cornwall (1723) 140a, There dwelt 
another, so affected, or rather defected [being deaf and 
dumb]. 1635 Heywoop /Hierarch. 1. Comm. 104, I finde 
myselfe much defected and disabled in my knowledge and 
understanding. 1686 Evetyn Mem. (1857) II. 262 The Arch- 
bishop of York now died..I look on this asa great stroke to 
the poor Church of England, now in this defecting period. 

Defectant (difektant). rare. [f. Derecr v. 
+-AnT. (No ayia L. or F.)] = DEFEcror. 

1883 Field 1 Dec. 759 Defectant after defectant causing. . 
the honorary secretary an immense amount of trouble. 

Defectibility (dffe:ktibiliti). [f. next + 
-1rY.] Liability to fail or become defective. 

1617 Bayne Ox Eph. (1658) 108 This is..to detect..the 
defectibility. .in his creature. 1678 GALE Crt. Gentiles III. 
4 Sin came first into the world from the Defectibilitie of 
our first Parents their Free-wil. 1705 Pursuatt JAZech. 
Macrocosnt 13 A Defectibilty in these is Inconsistent with 
Infinite Wisdom. 1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. viii. 
(ed. 2) 192 The certain defectibility of all institutions, which 
depend not upon the principle of self-government. 


Defe‘ctible, z. Also 7 -able. [f. L. défect-, 
ppl. stem of déicére (see DEFECT v.)+-BLE: cf. 
perfectible.| Liable to fail or fall short. 

a1617 Bayne Ox Eph, (1658) 104 The sin of a creature 
defectable maybe ordained. 1674 Hickman Quinguart. 
Hist, (ed. 2) 12 The defectible nature of the will. 1736 
Butter Anal, 1. v. Wks. (1874) I. 10r Such creatures... 
would for ever remain defectible 

[ad. 


Defection (d/fe'kfon). In 6 defeccion. 
L. défectiin-em desertion, revolt, failure, eclipse, 
deficiency, fainting, etc., n. of action from L. 
déficére: see DeFEcTv. Cf. F. défection (in OF. 
13-15th c., and in mod.F. 18-19th c., but obs. 
in 16th c., when the Eng. word was adopted 
from L.).] 

1. The action or fact of failing, falling short or 
becoming defective ; failure (of anything). 

1544 Puaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) G vj b, Mani times foloweth 
defeccion of the strength. 1576 FLEMING Panof/. Efist. 36 
You..suffer no defection of your renoune, nor eclipse of 
dignitie. 1650 Futter Pisgah u. 62 The stopping of the 
waters [of Jordan] above must necessarily command their 
defection beneath. 1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos, (1701) 
29/2 As soon as he remembred these words, he fell into 
a great defection of Spirit. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxiv, 
I underwent .. miserable defections of hope, intolerable 
encroachments of despair. 1874 H. R. Reynotps Yohn 
Baft. iii. § 1. 129 All the cumbrous ceremonial might be 
strictly attended to without flaw or defection. 

+b. spec. Failure of vitality ; a fainting away 
or swooning. Ods. 

1615 CrookE Body of Man 417 The vrine that hee auoyded 
in his defections orswounds. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 
x1X, 680 It may be sometimes good in sudden Defections of 
the Soul to sprinkle cold water on the Face. ; 

+c. Imperfection, defectiveness; an instance of 
this, a defect. Ods. 

1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 273 In whom, if there be 
any defection..it is to be referred to Nature. 1651 Life 
Father Sarfi (1676) 93 He himself in his anatomy of his 
affections and_ defections .. acknowledges himself to be 
severe. 1656 BLount Glossogr., Defection..an infirmity. 
1677 Hate Contempil. 1. 38 The Light of Nature shews us, 
that there is a great defection and disorder in our Natures. 

2. The action of falling away from allegiance or 
adherence to a leader, party, or cause; desertion. 

1552 Hutoet, Defection, properly wheras an armye doth 
forsake their owne captayne. 1583 Srusses Anat. Abus. 
11. (1882) 92 After the defection of Iudas the traitour. 1653 
H. Coan tr, Pinto’s Trav. |xx. 284 Fearing lest the defec- 
tion of his souldiers should daily more and more increase. 
1670 R. Coxe Disc. Trade Pref., When the United Nether- 
lands made their defection from the Crown of Spain. _ 1777 
Rosertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. vi. 251 A spirit of defec- 
tion had already begun to spread among those whom he 
trusted most. 1884 aneiay & Indep. 21 Feb. 186/3 The 
Liberal defection on Wednesday morning was.. 1. 

3. A falling away from faith, religion, duty, or 
virtue ; backsliding ; apostasy. 

1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u.(R.), Suche a defection from 
Christ as Saint Paul speketh of. 1549 Latimer 5th Serm. 
bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 132 Also the defection is come and 
swaruinge from the fayth. 1622 T. TayLor Comm. Titus 
ii, 1 The Lord for this end permitteth many generall defec- 
tions and corruptions. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w. 
vii. 355 The defection ; disobedience of the first Man, 
which brought Death into the World. 1738 WarsurToNn 
Div. Legat. . 287 Their frequent Defections into Idolatry. 
1772 Priesttey /ast, a (z782) I, The times of 
defection and idolatry. x 'ARRAR E arly Chr, U1. 436 
For each such defection we must find forgiveness. 

Hence Defe-ctionist, one who advocates defec- 
tion. 1846 Worcester cites Morn. Chron. 

+ Defe'ctious, z. Ods. [f. DErxcrion: see 
-ous. Cf. infectious.] 

1. Having defects, defective. 

18x Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 11b, Without 
Conversation our life would bee elefebtlorae. 1581 Sipney 
Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 43 Perchance in some one defectious 
peece, we may find a blemish. 

2. Of the nature of defection or desertion. 

1630 Lorp Relig. Persees Ep. Ded., Relapse and defectious 
apostasie. 

Vor, IIT. 


129 


Defective (dife'ktiv), a. and sé. Also 5 de- 
fectif, -yf, def(f)ectyff(e, 5-6 def(f)ectyve. 
[a. F. dé&fectsf, -ive (14th c, in Littré), ad. L. défec- 
div-us (Tertull.), f. défect-, ppl. stem of défictre: 
see DEFECT v.] 

A. adj. 1. Having a defect or defects ; wanting 
some essential part or proper quality ; faulty, im- 
perfect, incomplete. 

1472 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 25 The crosse in the markythe 
his defectyff & lyke to fall. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. 
clxiv. 148 And tho lete kyng edward amende the lawes of 
walys that were defectif. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, oe 
Weightes and mesures so found defectif to be forfeit an 
brent. 1528 Payne Salerne’s Regim. X ivb, Saffron com- 
fortethe defectiue membres, and principallye the harte. 
1599 Sanvys Europe Spec. (1632) 153 For a Prince hee hath 
beene thought somwhat defective. 1663 GeRBIER Conmzsel 
8 Why modern and daily Buildings are so exceedingly De- 
fective? 1781 Cowper Poems, Ep. to Lady Austen 62 In 
aid of our defective sight. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1, xxiv. 171 
My defective French pronunciation. 1893 Law Times’ Rep. 
LXVIII. 309/1 The defective condition of the drains. 

b. Defective fifth (in Music): an interval con- 
taining a semitone less than the perfect fifth. 
Defective hyperbola (in Math.): = DEFICIENT 
hyperbola. 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Semz-Diafason, a Term in 
Musick, signifying a defective or imperfect Octave. 1727- 
51 Cuampers Cycé, s. v. Curve, [Newton's] Enumeration of 
the Curves of the second kind..Six are defective parabolas, 
having no diameters. .Seven are defective hyperbolas, having 
diameters. 1730-6 Battery (folio), Semidiapente, a defective 
fifth, called a false fifth. 

2. Defective in (+ of): wanting or deficient in. 

1599 Sanpys Exvrope Spec. (1632) 112 A soveraigne pre- 
servative, and defective of no vertue save Iustice and 
Mercy. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. 11. i. 233 All which the Moore is 
defectiue in. a@ 1639 W. WHATELEY Prototypes 1. xi. (1640) 
107 Why are we so defective in this duty? 1 EVELYN 
Mem. (1857) III. 305 Hence it is that we are in England so 
defective of good libraries. 1713 AppiIson Guard. No. 110 
P2 Our tragedy writers have been notoriously defective in 
giving proper sentiments to the persons they introduce. 
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 121 The first portion of the 
dialogue is in no way defective in ease and grace. 

+3. At fault; that has committed a fault or 
offence ; guilty of error or wrongdoing. Obs. 

r4ot Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 106 Thou puttist defaut to 
prestes, as erst thou didist to curates. I wot thai ben 
defectif, bot 3it_stondith Cristis religion. 1467 in Lng. 
Gilds (1870) 389 Yf suche a persone may be founde defectyf 
by xij. men lawfully sworen. 1504 ATKYNSON tr. De /7ii- 
tatione ui. xv, If thou founde thy aungels defectyue & 
impure. 1518 Act 10 Hen. VIII in Stat. Ivel. (1621) 56 
Persons..so founden defective or trespassing in any of the 
said statutes, 1677 Govt. Venice 189 When any of them is 
defective, he is responsible to that terrible Court. 

4. Wanting or lacking (to the completeness of 
anything). 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 55 To supply that which 
was defective in some, or to correct what was amisse in 
others. 1711 Strype Parker 1v. iii. (R.), To have written 
thereon what was defective. 1714 tr. Rived/a 68 He .. did 
not then dream there was any thing in her Person defective 
to his Happiness. 1864 Cartyte /vedk. Gt. (1865) 1V. xu. 
v. 162, I wish you had a Fortunatus hat; it is the only 
thing defective in your outfit. 

5. Gram. Wanting one or more of the usual 
forms of declension, conjugation, etc. 

1530 Parser. Introd. 30 Verbes parsonall be of thre sortes, 
parfyte, anomales, and defectyves. /did. 36 Some be yet 
more deffectyves. 1824 L. Murray Exg. Gram. (ed. Agi 
168 Defective Verbs are those which are used only in some 
of their moods and tenses, (e. g.) Can, could..Ought..quoth. 

+6. Defective cause: see DEFICIENT a. 3. Obs. 

1624 N. De Lawne tr. Du Moulin’s Logick 60 Under the 
Efficient cause we comprehend the cause which is called 
Defective. As the want of sight is the cause of going 
astray. 1678 GaLe Crt. Gentiles III. 195 Albeit Gods wil 
be the effective and predeterminative cause of the substrate 
mater of sin, yet it is no way a defective or moral cause of 
sin. 

B. sé. +1. A thing defective or wanting. Ods. 

1497 Br. Atcock Mons Perfect. Aiij/2 No defectyue to 
their comforte. . 

2. gen. One who is defective. Ods. 

@ 1592 H. Smitu Wks, (1866-7) I. 444, I cannot tell what 
to make of these defectives. .they neither weep nor dance.. 
they weep almost, and dance almost. 

b. spec. A person who is deficient in one or more 
of the physical senses or powers. U.S. 

1881 G. S. Hatt German Culture 267 She [Laura Bridg- 
man] is not apt, like many defectives, to fall asleep if left 
alone or unemployed. 1892 J. B. WEBER in V. Amer. Rev. 
Apr. 425 Their paupers, criminals, or other defectives. 

3. Gram. A defective part of speech. (Also fig.) 

1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 100 Rehearse the several 
sorts of Defectives .. Aptots, Monoptots, Diptots, [etc.]. 
1eer-97 Fettruam Resolves ui. iv, 166 Certainly a Lyer, 
though never so penal, is but a defective of the present 
tense. 1863 W. Smitutr. Curtius’ Gr. Gram. § 200 Observe 
further the Defectives; tozepos later, toratos ultimus, 


[etc.]. 3 

Defectively (difektivli), adv. [-ty2.] In 
a defective manner ; imperfectly, faultily. 

1611 Spgep Hist. Gt. Brit, Proem, Fabius Maximus is 
reprehended by Polybius for defectiuely writing the Punicke 
warres. 1653 Baxter Chr, C Pref. Cii, Because 
«.the Duties..[are] so Defectively performed. 1818 Cruise 
aed (ed. 2) IV. 274 To carry it into execution, though 
defectively made. ax18s0 Rossetti Dante § Circ, 1. (1874) 
84 It seemed to me that I had spoken defectively. 


DEFENCE. 


‘Defectiveness (difektivnés). [-nzss.] De- 
fective quality or condition; the fact or state of 
being defective ; faultiness. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 402 Let there be made 
a Notariall Instrument or Act concerning the defectiuenesse 
of the commodities. 1643 Mitton Divorce i. (1851) 22 The 
unfitnes and defectivenes of an unconjugall mind. 1727 
Swirt Gulliver u. iii. 118 The queen giving great allowance 
for my defectiveness in speaking. 1884 W. J. CourtHope 
Addison iii. 47 Owing to the defectiveness of his memory. 
1884 Law Times 16 Feb. 275/2 The radical defectiveness of 
leasehold tenure as now applied to urban holdings. Le 

Defectless (d/fe‘ktlés), a. [-LEss.] Without 
defect ; flawless. 

1883 S. L. Cremens [Mark Twain] Life on Mississippi 
485 An absolutely defectless memory. 

Defector (difektar). [a. L. défector revolter, 
agent-n. f. déficére : see DEFECT v.] One who falls 
away ; a seceder or deserter. 

1662 Petty 7aves 62 If the minister should lose part of 
the tythes of those whom he suffers to defect from the 
church, (the defector not saving, but the state wholly 
gaining them). 1879 Sir G, Campsect White § Black 372 
Independents and all other defectors from the party. 

+ Defectual, a. Ods. rare. [f. L. défectu-s 
Derect +-aL: cf. effecteal.] Defective. 

1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Acts xv. 2 xote, Without which order 
..the Church had been more defectuall and insufficient, 
then any Common wealth. .in the world. 

+ Defe‘ctuose, 2. Ods. rare. [ad. med.L. ae 
Jectuos-us : see -OSE.]_ = DEFECTUOUS, 

1678 GALE Crt, Gentiles III. 195 The same act which is 
defectuose and sinful in regard of the wil of man is most 
perfect and regular in regard to the wil of God. 

+ Defectuo'sity. Obs. [ad. med.L. défecti0- 
sitas, f. défectuds-us: see next and -1Ty. Cf. F. 
défectuosité, in 15th c. deffectaensité (Hatzf.).] 
Defectiveness, faultiness. 

1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 185 The Hare-shaw is a de- 
fectuositie of nature..in the Lip, Eare, or Nose. 1648 
W. Mountacur Devout Ess. 1. xiv. § 2 (R), This mercifull 
indulgence given to our defectuosities, 

+ Defectuous, @. Os. [ad. med.L. défec- 
tuos-us, f, défectu-s DEFECT: see -ous. Cf. F. 
défectueux (1336 in Littré), Pr. defectuos, Sp. de- 
Sectuoso, It. difettuoso.] Having defects ; defective, 
faulty ; imperfect. 

1553 Cpt. PoLe in Strype Cranmer m1. (1694) 177 The 
former Act of the ratifying of the matrimony seemed unto 
me much defectuous. 1681 H. Morr £.xf. Dan. App. ii. 272 
‘The correspondence betwixt this Vial and this Trumpet is 
visibly lame and defectuous. 1726 Nat, Hist. Ireland g2 
The Irish air is greatly defectuous in this part. 

Hence +Defectuously adv., + Defectuous- 
ness. 

1604 Parsons 37d Pt. Three Convers, Eng. 43 Relating 
their stories corruptly or defectuously of purpose. 1684 
H. More Answer 307 Which are more obscurely and de- 
fectuously here intimated. 1662 — Euthus. Tri. (1712) 48 
Touching the Defectuousness in my Enumeration of the 
Causes of Enthusiasm. 1680 — Afocal. Apoc. 39 This 
insinuates the defectuousness of the Sardian Church. 

+ Defedate, v. O/s. [f. ppl. stem of late L. 
défedare to defile, f. Dr- I. 3 + fedare to make 
foul, defile, f. fedus foul.] ¢rans. To defile, 
pollute. 

1669 W. Simrson Hydrol. Chynt. 26 The same spurious 
acidity. .defedates the blood. 

+ Defedation (d7:f/déi-fon). Obs. Also defoed-. 
[ad. med.L. défedation-em, in F. défidation (15- 
16th c.), n. of action from late L. dzfadare: see 
prec.] Theaction of making impure ; befoulment, 
pollution (es. of the blood or skin; also fg.). 

ata T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. xx. vii. (1678) 461 
A Morphew or defedation of all the skin. 1669 W. Simpson 
Hydrol. Chym. 73 An extraordinary defedation of the 
blood. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 153 A purge must 
not be given in any defcedation of the skin. @1742 BEnt- 
LEY (J.), The defoedation of so many parts by a bad printer, 
and a worse editor. 1764 GRAINGER Sugar Cane iv. 282 
Successive crops Of defcedations oft will spot the skin. 
1793 D’IsraEti Cur. Lt. (1843) 134 All these changes are 
so many defcedations of the poem. 

Defeict, obs. form of DEFEAT. 

Defeisance, obs. form of DEFEASANCE. 

+ Defeit, defe't, a. Oss. Also 5 defect, 
deffait. [a. OF. defeit, desfeit, -fatt, pa. pple. of 
desfaire, défaire to undo: see DEFEAT v.] Marred, 
disfigured. 

©1374 Cuaucer Troylus v. 618 To ben defet [v.7. defect] 
and pale, and woxen lesse. /did. v. 1219 He so defet [v.r. 
disfigured] was, bat no maner man Vnnebe myght hym 
knowe per he wente. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour xcii. 121 
Hadde her uisage deffait in such wise that she was unknowe 
to eueri creatoure. a@1605 MontTGoMERIE The Elegie 56 It 
weeping said :—‘O deidly corps, defet !’ 

Defeit, Defeiture, obs. ff. DEFEAT, -URE. 

+ Defe'ke, v. Ods. [a. F. déféquer, ad. L. dé- 

Jwcare to DEFECATE.] = DEFECATE v. 3. 

1605 TimME Qversit. 1. i, 3 By the meanes whereof all 
impure and corrupt matter is defeked and separated. 

Defence, defense (difens), sb. Forms: 
3-6 defens, 3- defence, defense; (5 diffens, 
-ense, -ence, difence, 5-6 deffence, 6 deffens). 
[Two forms: ME. defens, a. OF. defens (deffans, 
deffenz, desfens, -fans, etc.), Ph. de Thaun 1119, 
ad. L. défensum thing forbidden, defended, etc., 

17* 


DEFENCE. 


sb. use of pa. pple. of défendére (see DEFEND) ; 
also ME. defense, a, OF. defense defence, prohibi- 
tion, ad. L, défensa (Tertullian = defensio), f. pa. 
Ee défensus, analogous to sbs. in -dta, -ade, -ée. 

n Eng. where e became early mute, and gramma- 
tical gender was lost, the two forms naturally ran 
together; app. the spelling defence comes from the 
defens form; cf. hennes, hens, hence ; penis, pens, 
pence; ones, ons, once; sithens, since; Duns, dunce. 
The spelling defense is that now usual in the United 
States. 

(The pop. Romanic forms were de-, difféso, -fésa, cf. It. 
difesa, OF. des-, def-, defeis, defois, Norman défais, and 
defeise, defoise.)) ‘ : : 

The action of defending, in the various senses of 
the verb, q.v. 

The order here followed is as in the verb, though this does 
not quite agree with the chronological data in 

I. The action of warding off, and of prohibiting. 
(Obs. or arch.) 

+1. The action of keeping off, or resisting the 
attack a (an enemy). Ods. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 4715 In defense of hor fos, pat on flete 
lay. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. cxcix. 206 For y* defence of 
his enemyes. 1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 For the 
maintenaunce of his warres, inuasion and defence of his 
enemies, 1588 Lp. BurGuiey Let. to Sir F. Walsyngham 
19 July, 5000 footmen and 1000 horsemen for defence of 
the enemy landing in Essex. 

+ b. ? Offence. Ods. 

¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 2692 What defense has pou done to our 
dere goddes? . 

+2. The action of forbidding ; prohibition. Ods. 
(exe. as in b, c.) 

1300 Ten Commandm. 15 in E. E. P. (1862) 16 Hou he 
ssold be folke tech, and to ssow ham godis defens bope to 
3ung and to olde of be .x. commandemens. 1303 R. Brunne 
Handl, Synne 11098 Pe sekesteyn, for alle pat defense, 3yt 
he 3aue pe body ensense. 1377 Lanot. P. Pl. B. xvi. 193 
Adam afterward a3eines his defence, Frette of pat fruit. 
a1450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 56 Eve..bethought her not 
aright of the defence that God had made to her husbonde 
and her. 1526 J. Hacker Ze¢. in MS, Cott, Galba 1x. 35 
‘The Gowernour wyll macke a partyculer deffens and 
comandment. .for the anychyllment and destruccion of thys 
nywe bokes. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestageio 94 ‘The pope.. 
wrote unto him by an other briefe, with defence not to 
proceede in the cause. a 1698 TempLe (J.), Severe defences 
may be made against wearing any linen under a certain 
breadth. 

b. Zn defence: (of fish, or waters) prohibited 
from being taken, or fished in. Defence-month = 
Fence-month, (Cf. FENCE sb. 7, 11.) 

1607 CowELt Juterpr. s.v. Fencemoneth, All waters where 
salmons be taken, shall be in defence..from the nativitie. 
1736 W. Netson Lazws conc. Game 77 The Fence-Month, 
by the antient Foresters was called the Defence-Month, and 
is the Fawning Time. 1758 Descr. Thames 174 Salmon 


shall be in Defence, or not taken, from 8th September to | 


St. Martin’s Day. 1818 Hassett Rides §& Walks 11. 6 
During the defence months, which are March, April, an 
May, at which time the fish .. are spawning. 1887 Pad/ 
Mall G. 6 May 10/1 Streams which were ‘ put in defence in 
the reign of his late Majesty King Henry II., and have 
been so maintained thereafter’, 

ec. In the game of Ombre: see quot. 

1878 H. H. Ginss Ombre 32 If there be Defence, that is to 
say, if either of his adversaries undertake to forbid the 
Surrender. 

II. The action of guarding or protecting from 
attack. 

3. Guarding or protecting from attack; resistance 
against attack; warding off of injury; protection. 
(The chief current sense.) 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 197 Wanne hii forsoke ys, and for 
ioral. and to non defence ne come. c1300 K. Adis, 2615 
Alle that hadde power To beore weopene to defence. ¢ 1325 
Coer de L. 6840 Withe egyr knyghtes of defens. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Clerk's T, 1139 Ye archewyves, stondith at defens. 
1393 Gower Conf, III. 214 With thritty thousand of defence. 
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 9518 In deffence of be folke. 1418 £. Z. 
Wills (1882) 31 A Doubeled of defence couered with red 
Leper. a@1533 Lp. Berners //uon )xvii. 230 His defence 
coude not auayle h 1548 Hatt Chron. 57 He would 
rather dye in the defence than frely yeld the castle. ax 
Lavy Hackett A utobiog, (1875) 53 [He] drew his sword in 
the deffence of the inocentt. 1 Tatler No, 63? 2 His 
Sword, not to be drawn but in his own Defence, 1797 Mrs. 
Rapcuirre /talian i, What are hed weapons of Mence’ 
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 123 They are to take measures 
for the defence of the country. 

+b. Faculty or capacity of defending. Ods. 

[ec 1470 Henry Wadlace vu. 803 The defendouris was off so 
fell defens.] 1568 Grarron Chron, II, 1078 
that defence that ordinaunce did litle harme, 1593 

Hen. VI, v.i. 64 The Citie being but of small defence. x 
SPENSER /, Q, v. ii, 5 A man of great defence. 1634 Sir T. 
Hersert Trav, 20 Pikes and Targets of great length and 
defence, 1 Wurrtetocke Swed, Ambassy (1772) 1. 203 
A castle., neither large nor beautifull, or of much defence. 

ec. In games: e.g. in Cricket, the guarding of 
the wicket a Hew batsman, Opposed to attack. 

1863 Baily's Mag. Sports & Past. Sept. 44 The bowling .. 
the wicket-keeping,..and the fine defence shown. .was all 
cricket in perfection. 1875 J. D. Heatu Croguet Player 43 
Upon the introduction of the heavy mallet. .it was found that 
the ‘ attack’ was a great deal too strong for the ‘defence’. 
= Daily Tel, 15 May 2/7 Peate [bowler] got past his 

lefence, 

a. Line of defence (Mil.); (a) a line or series 
of fortified points at which an enemy is resisted ; 


Suaks. 


The walles were of 


130 


(0) Fortif. a line drawn from the curtain to the 
salient angle of the bastion, representing the course 
of a ball fred from the curtain to defend the face 
of the bastion. 
N. Stone Enchirid. Fortif. 18 And that shall wad 
in 


DEFEND, 
defenso, munio. Carcrave Chron, 184 [How 
this on <li enn she cryaie of Scot ‘orth : 
i orwync Evonynt. 307 
with —apggpel A Peramb, ‘Kent 


(1826) 155 For the defensing of this Realme against forreine 
invasion. 1587 Turserv. /7ag. 7. (1837) 260 Out he gate, 
of night. HIRLEY Wedding u. ii, 


Aefe 


the flanke at F, and bring the line of d ds the 
middle of the Curtain. 1802-3 tr. Pad/as’ Trav. (1812) 11, 7 
The reader will find a distinct view. .of the gate and line of 
defence drawn from the side opposite to the Crimea, 1821 
Examiner 216/1 Compelled to fall back to Capua, a strong 
point in the second line of defence. 1853 StocquELer M7/it. 
Encycl., Line of Defence..is either fichant or razant. The 
first is, when it is drawn from the angle ; the last, when it is 
drawn from a point in the curtain, ranging the face of the 
bastion in fortification. aah 

4. The practice, art, or ‘science’ of defending 
oneself (with weapons or the fists); self-defence ; 
fencing or boxing. 

1602 Suaxs. Ham, 1. vii. Ng Hee .. gaue you such 
a Masterly report, For Art and exercise in your defence; 
And for your Rapier most especially. 1639 tr. Camus’ 
Moral Relat. 148 An excellent Master of defence, with 
whom no man will fight .. for feare of his dexterity. 1684 
R. H. School Recreat. 56 The Noble Science of Defence. 
1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4886/4 Has fought several Prizes, 
setting up for Master of Defence. 1828 Scotr Zales of 
Grandf, Ser. 1, 1. ii. 63 Fencing with a man called Turner, 
a teacher of the science of defence. 

5. Something that defends ; a means of resisting 
or warding off attack; sfec. (p/.) fortifications, 
fortified works. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 55 (MS. B), Leye a defens 
[A/S. A defensif] ajoute pe wounde. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. 
de W. 1531) 5 b, iche .. is our sauegarde and defence. 
1548 Hatt Chron. 123 The duke strake the kyng on the brow 
right under the defence of y® hedpece, 1600 E. Biount tr. 
Conestaggio 316 The galleies..often discharged all their 
artillerie against the defences. 1611 Biste Ps. xciv. 22 
The Lord is te defence. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury ul. 
457/2 Baskets filled with earth, are good defence in tymes of 
warr and hostility, 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. 1. 62 Moun- 
tains are necessary..as a defence against the violence of 
heat, in the warm latitudes. 1853 Sir H. Douctas J7i1it. 
Bridges (ed. 3) 208 The defences of the Austrians on the 
right bank were strengthened by numerous batteries. 

b. Her. (See quot.) 

1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/., Defences, are the weapons of any 
beast ; as, the horns of a stag, the tusks of a wild boar, etc. 

6. The defending, supporting, or maintaining by 
argument ; justification, vindication. 

1382 WycuF PAi/. i. 16 Witinge for I am putt in the defence 


of the gospel. 1563 Win3et Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks. 
1888 I. Sorroboring our iugement with sufficient defensis. 
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 10, I never yit tooke 


vppon me the defenc of ani question. 1653 GAUDEN (tit/e), 
Defence of the Ministry and Ministers of the Church of 
England. 1732 Law Serious C. xviii. (ed. 2) 333 In defense 
of this method of education. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 
212 Nor is it possible to urge in defence of this act of James 
those pleas by which many arbitrary acts of the Stuarts have 
been vindicated or excused. 
b. A speech or argument in self-vindication. 

1557 N. T. (Genev.) Acts xxii. 1 Ye men, brethren and 
fathers, heare my defence which I now make vnto you. 
1611 Bisce Acts xix. 33 And Alexander beckened with the 


hand, and would haue made his defence vnto the people. 
1672 Marvett Reh. Transp, 1. 82 Mr. Bayes his Defence 
was but the blew-John of his Ecclesiastical Policy. 1875 


orate Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 241 Socrates prefaces his defence 
by resuming the attack, 

+7. Without defence: without remedy or help; 
unavoidably, inevitably. Ods. 

c 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 279 (Fairf. MS.), I hadde ben 
dede withouten any defence Por drede of loves wordes, 
c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 66 Glotenie coostib wipouten 
diffence Bobe in diuerse drinkis and meete, 

III. Zaw. (Originally allied to sense 1, but now 
influenced by senses 3, 6: see DEFEND v. 6.] 

8. The Spree or denial by the accused party 
of the truth or ress f of the complaint made 
against him; the defendant’s (written) pleading in 
answer to the plaintiff’s statement of claim; the 
proceedings taken by an accused party or his legal 
agents, for defending himself. 

I Termes of Lawes 57, Defence is that which the 
defendant ought to make immediately after the count or 
declaration made, that is to say, that he defendeth all 
the wrong, force, and dammage, where and when he ought, 
and then to proceede farther to his plee, or to imparle. 1632 
High C is Cases (C: ) 314 The defe is that 
the same was printed before he was borne, and he hath but 
renewed it, and is very sorry for it. 1768 BLackstone Comm. 
ut, xx. III. 296-7 Defence, in it’s true legal sense, signifies 
not a justification, protection, or guard, which is now it’s 


popular ification; but merely an opposing or denial 
(from the French verb defender, of the earns validity 


of the complaint. 1769 Gotpsm. Roman Hist. (1786) 1. 63 
Brutus. .demanded. .if they could make any defence to the 
crimes with which they had been charged. 1817 W. Se-wyNn 
Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11. 1001 Malicious Prosecution, 
The usual defence to this action is, that the defendant had 
reasonable or probable grounds of suspicion against the 
plaintiff. Mod. Newspr. The ination of the wi 

for the defence, ‘The prisoner refused counsel, and con~ 
ducted his own defence. 

+ Defence, defense, v. Ods. [f. Dmrencr 
sb.; perth. in part a. OF. defenser, deffencer, ad. L. 
defensare, freq. of défendére to Derend.] rans. 
To provide with a defence or defences ; to defend, 
protect, guard. (dit. and fig.) 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 82 Pis defensib (v7. defendip) 
| & membre fro corrupcioun, ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 115 De- 


with 
Wert thou defenced with circular fire. .yet I should Neglect 
the danger. 1637 Heywoop Lond. Mirrour Wks. 1874 1V. 
313 This Fort..1s stil’d Imperiall, defenc’'d with men and 
Sheers, 1791 [see Derencep]. 
, obs. form of DEFENSIBLE. 


+ Defe-nced, 7//.a. Obs. [f. DEFENCE sd. and 
v. + -ED.] Provided with defences; fenced, pro- 
tected, fortified. 

1535 CovERDALE Yer. xxxiv. 6 Stronge defensed cities of 
Tuda. 1551 Rosinson tr. More's a (Arb.) 161 The well 
fortified and stronglie defenced wealthe .. of many Cities. 
1616 Surrt. & Marku. Country Farme 2 Wee must dresse 
some well-defenced piece of ground or greene plot for fruits, 
1633 Suirtey Bird in Cage v. i, Where She could be more 
defenc’d from all men’s eyes. 179% J. Towxsenn Fourn, 
Spain IIL. Perello was formerly a defenced city. 

fenceful, a. nonce-wd. [f. DEFENCE sb. + 
-FUL: after defenceless.] Full of defences ; well 
protected or fortified. 

1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. IV. 478 A commanding and de- 
fenceful way. 

Defenceless, defenseless (d/fevnslés), a. 

1, Without defence; unguarded, unprotected. 

1530 Kemedie of Love (R.), O ther disceit vnware and 
defencelesse. 1589 WarnER A/b, Eng. v. xxvi. (R.), Kin 
Dermote .. Was left defencelesse .. And fled to England 
1667 Mitton P. L. x. 815 That fear Comes thundring back 
with dreadful revolution On my defensless head. 1713 
Lond. Gaz. No. 5149/3 It is a Place entirely Defenceless. 
1740 WesLey //ymn, * Fesus, Lover of my soul’ ii, Cover my 
defenceless head With the shadow of Thy wing. 1788 
Monitor No. 12 P 10 In the murder of the innocent 
defenceless. 1841 Borrow Zincali 1. xi. 50 To attack or 
even murder the unarmed and defenceless traveller. 

+2. Affording no defence or protection. rare. 

we Drayven Virg. Georg. 11. 811 Defenceless was the 
Shelter of the Ground. 

Hence Defe'ncelessly adv., Defe‘ncelessness. 

@ 1723 Br. FLeetwoop [according to Todd uses] Defence- 
lessness. 1802 Patey Nat, Theol. xxvi. (R.), Defencelessness 
and devastation are repaired by fecundity. 1813 SHELLEY 
Q. Mad w. 136 All liberty and love And peace is torn from 
its [the soul’s] defencelessness. 1818 Topp, Defencelessly. 
1824 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser.1. (1863) 9 
ness, his utter defencelessness. 

Defencer : see DEFENSOR. 

Defencible, -ive, obs. ff. DEFENSIBLE, -IVE, 

Defend (difend), v. Also 3-6 defende, 4-6 
diffend(e, deffend(e, 5-6 dyffende; 5 fa. ¢, and 
pple. defend(e, deffende. [ME. a. OF, defend-re 
(11th c.) =Pr. defendre, Sp. defender, It. difendere 
:—L. défend-re to ward off, defend, protect, etc., 
f. Dr- L. 2 + fendére (obs. exc. in compounds). 

The primary sense in Latin was (I.) to ward off (attack, 
danger, evil) from a nm or thing. Hence, by exchange 
of objects, came (1) To guard (the person or thing) from 
the attack or evil. (Cf. to keep harm off a person, and to 
keep a person from harm.) By a Romanic extension of I, 
the sense ward off passed into prohibit, forbid (1. 3). 
Branch I is obsolete in Eng. exc. as retained in legal 
phraseology (111); but the latter has also uses from IL) 

I. To ward off, avert, repel, restrain, prevent ; 

with its extension, To prohibit. (Oés, exc, as in III.) 

+1. To ward off, keep off (an assailant, attack, 
etc.) ; to repel, avert (dt. and fig.). Obs. or dial. 

c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3046 Ich the defende sikerly. ¢ 1400 
Lanfranc's Cirurg. 101 If pat pou my3tist nou3t defende re 

t 


His unprotected- 


crampe. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. |xi. 45, I ne m 
ne power hym to defende frome. ar: . BERNERS 4 
Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) U iij b, Venim is defended by the horne 


of an vnicorne, ee triacle. 1568 Grarron Chron, II. 17 To 
withstand and defend his enimyes. 1580 J. FRramrron 
$n Niece ten tea Gin, ep eee eee 
to le the great colde. LUNDEVIL ng o 
Horses 11 Horses rane Oo ets meeeeonmnen Sa 
canuas to defend the flies. 1636 Dennam Destr. Troy 431 
And, with their shields on their left arms, defend Arrows 
and darts. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L.§ Bard Men ,. with 
staves in their s, who could... have defended it from 
the wall. 1808 Jamieson, Defend, to ward off. [In north of 
Scotl.] they commonly speak of ‘defending a stroke '. 
+2. To keep (/vom doing something), to prevent, 
hinder, Ods. 
¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. 667 (W.) Themperour saide, ‘ God the de- 
fende Fram god dai and fram god ende !’ c1400 Test, Love 
m1. (1560) 295/1 No love to be defended from the will of loving. 
1450 Merlin 29 Let vs diffende the kynge that he se hym 
not quyk, 1§77-87 Houinsnep Chron. Il. 1262/2 Which 
walles greatlie defended the fire from spreading further, 
1660 R, Coxe rarer $ 3 Subj. 196 Trees. —_ to defend 
the force of the wind from hurting of the 
+b. with negative clause. rr 
1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 95 pis oynement is myche worp 
for to sete pat be mules of ys cancre schal not wexen, 
1586 Cocan Haven Health Ep. Ded., It keepeth the body 
from corruption and defendeth that natural moisture be not 
lightly dissolved and consumed. 
+e. To restrain; ref, to keep oneself, refrain. 
1328 Prose Psalter xxxix.[xl.] 12 Peed, y ne shal nou3t 
defenden myn li _a1340 Hampote Psalter cxviii. 101 
F fra all ill way « MYefendid my fete. creas Bopemee eo If 
they hem yeve to goodnesse, dyng hem from ydelnesse, 
+3. To prohibit, forbid, Obs, exc, dial, 
a. with simple obj. (with or without personal 
indirect (dative) obj.). 


DEFEND. 


1300 Cursor M. 21764 (Cott.) Pe tre pat was defend. ¢ 1340 
ian (Fairf.), I defende pe hit. 1377 Lancu. P. PZ. 
B. xv. 1 i noyther peter pe porter, ne poule with his fau- 
choune, Pat wil defende me be dore. ¢ bs gt Cuaucer Pars, 
T. ® 532 Al pis bing is defended by god and holy chirche. 
1474 Caxton Chesse 17 Hit was defended vpon payn of deth. 
1549 Compl. Scot. 140 The ciuil lauis deffendis and forbiddis 
al monopoles and conuentions of the comont pepil. 1616 
B. Jonson Devil an Ass 1. iv, I doe defend *hem any thing 
like action. 1671 Mitton P. 2. 1. 368 No interdict Defends 
the touching of these viands pure. @1698 Tempe Ess. Cure 
Gout Wks. 1731 1. 146 The Use of it pure being so little 
practised, and in some Places defended by Customs or Laws. 

+b. with infin. (usually preceded by personal 
obj.). 

¢ 1330 R. Brunner Chron, (1810) 303 Pe pape me defendes.. 
‘To renne on bo landes. c¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxv. 120 
He defendeth no man to holde no law other ban him lyketh. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 14/2 He defended to paye the 
trewage. 1536 BELLENDEN Crom. Scof. (1821) I. xliti, It is 
defendit be our lawis, to sla ony salmond fra the viii day of 
September to the xv day of Novembre. 1 t. G. 
D  Acosta’s Hist. Indies v. xxvii. 409 It was defended vpon 
paine of death, not to marry againe together. 

+c. with obj. clause (with or without personal 
obj.) ; usually with pleonastic negative. 

cr R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12614 He com- 
hindes be; & defendes, bat pou of ffraunce nought entremet. 
a14so0 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 81 He defended her in payne 
of her lyff she shulde no more come there. ¢1530 Lp. 
Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 164 The other knightes wolde 
have fought with Arthur; but theyr mayster defended them 
the contrary. /did. 281. 
It was defended that none shoulde doe sacrifice in the temple 
of Minerua. 1660 STILLINGFL. /rev. 1. viii. § 2 Whether .. 
it be defended by Gods Law, that he and they should 
preche. : i i, 

+d. el/ipt. with personal obj. only; also adsol. 

c 1325 Coer de L. 1477 Thus deffendes Modard the kyng. 
1382 Wyciir Num. xi. 28 My Lord, Moyses, defend hem. 
1382 — Judg. xv. 1 And whanne he wold goo.. as he was 
wont, the fadir of hir defendide hym. : 

+e. a person from doing something. 

1533 Lp. Berners Huon |. 167 Eue was dyffendyd fro 
y® etinge of fruyte. 1672 WycHerLry Love ix Wood i. ii, 
‘To..put you to bed to Lucy and defend you from touching 
her. -1 N. & Q. 3rd Ser. V. 296/1 A few years ago 
I heard a governess [in Nottinghamshire] say to a round- 
backed pupil, ‘I defend you from sitting in easy chairs’, 

{1 In God defend =‘ God forbid’, the senses ‘ pro- 
hibit’ (3) and ‘avert’ (1) seem to unite. 

r Eng. Gilds 4 3if it be so pt eny debat chaunselich 
falle among eny of hem, pt god defende. 1425 Paston Lett. 
No. 5 I. 19 God defende that any of my saide kyn shuld be 
of swyche governaunce. 1552 IT. BArnaze in Ellis Orig. 
Lett, Ser. 1. U1. 202 Yf so be yt that we shoulde warre with 
them, (as God defende), ig Saree Much Ado i. i. 98 
God defend the Lute should like the case. 1663 Pepys 
Diary 31 Oct., The plague is much in Amsterdam, and we 
in fears of it here, which God defend. 1695 CONGREVE 
Love for L. 1. i, Marry, Heaven defend !—I at midnight 
practices ! 

II. To guard from attack, etc.; to protect, 
vindicate. 

4. trans, To ward off attack from; to fight for 
the safety of ; to keep safe from assault or injury ; 


to protect, guard. 

c12zg0 Old Kentish Serm, in O. E. Misc. 28 Mirre .. is 
biter, and be po biternesse defendet pet Cors pet is mide 
i-smered pet no werm nel comme i-hende. 1297 R. Grouc. 
(1724) 173 Fy3tep vor 3ure kunde, and detendeh soars ry3te. 
1393 Gower Cou/- III. 208 She, which wolde her lond defende. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. i. (1495) 739 Smalle 
beestys that lacke sharpe teeth and clawes and hornes ben de- 
ffendyd wyth ablynesse of membres, crg00 MaunpeEv.(Roxb.) 
ix. 33 Armour hafe pai nane to defend bam with. a 1450 
Le Morte Arth. 2034 That he had ofte here landis deffende. 
1549-62 STeRNHOLD & H. Ps., Prayer 395 From Turke and 
Pope defend vs Lord. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 515 Trees.. 
defended and clad with thick leaued branches. 1700 S. L. tr. 
Fryke's Voy. E, India 108 One of the Buffels defended himself 
very well of the first Dog that came at him. ¢ 1750 in ‘ Bat’ 
Crick. Man. (1850) 30 It [cricket] is performed by a person, 
who, with a clumsy wooden bat, defends a wicket. 187, 
Green Short Hist. ii. § 7. 98 The citizens swore to dake 
the King with money and blood. 

b. adsol. (for veft.) To make defence. 

@ 1533 Lv. Berners Huox xlix. 164 Yf he come and assayle 
me I shall defende as well as I can. 1548 Hatt Chron. 50 
Some strake, some defended, 1667 Mitton P. L. xt. 657 
Others from the Wall defend. 

+c. To ‘fence’ a court; see FENCE v. 8. Obs. 

1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 115 Item, after the Court be 
affirmed, and defended, na man aught to speik .. bot they 
ilke parties, and their forespeak a eir counsell 

5. To support or uphold by speech or argument, 
maintain, vindicate ; to speak or write in favour of 
(a person or thing attacked), 

1340 Hampote Pr. Conse, 5359 In nath may bai be 
excused pan ;..bai may defende be tll : an WwW. 
Dyner Oath of Recantn. in Academy 17 Nov. (1883) 331/1 
pas I..ne defende [no] conclusions ne techynges of the 

lollardes. cx4so St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 856 De bischop pe 
he defende, 1512 
rronyously defendyng 


clerkes malyce kende, Bot nouthir 
- ct 4 Hen. VI. a8 2 a 
maynteynyng his seid obstynate opynyons, 1581 J. BELL 
Haddon’s Answ. Osor, 29 b, Whose lyfe and hate did not 
undertake to defende. 1708 }. CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit. 
ut. xi. (1743) 280 That he defend three questions in Natural 
Philosophy. 1782 Priestiey Corrupt. Chr. I. 1. 235, Lam 
far from pretending .. to defend this passage of Irenzeus. 
1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 2 Are we only to be per- 

mitted to defend general principles? 
b. with obj. clause: To maintain (a statement 


impugned) ; to contend, Ods. 


| 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


1577 Fenton Gold. Efpist. 220 | 


131 


c1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 546 Here ben our 

ages, how that we will defende that our fader slew never 

foulques of moryllon by treyson. 1541 Barnes /W&s. (1573) 
357/2 Their Masse. . whiche our Papistes so wickedly defende 
to bee a sacrifice. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 9 Others to 
the contrary defended it was not so. 1607 ‘TorseLt four. 
Beasts (1658) 25 But that these [animals] can be properly 
called Asses, no man can defend. ¢x1620 A. Hume Brit. 
Longue 21 ‘This [vowel] sum defend not to be idle. 

III. Zaw. (Originally belonging to I, but also 
with uses from II.) 

6. a. Of the defendant: To deny, repel, oppose 
(the plaintiff’s plea, the action raised against him); 
absol. To enter or make defence. b. To vindicate 
(himself or his cause). ¢. Of a legal agent: To 
take legal measures to vindicate; to appear, address 
the court, etc. in defence of (the accused). 

[c 1200 Select Pleas of Crown (1888), Petrus venit et totum 
defendit de verbo in verbum. cx12zz Bracton’s Note-bk. 1. 
250 Et Alicia venit et defendit ius eorum.] 1428 Surtees 


Misc. (1890) 5 Seand pat he myght .. deny nor defend this | 


mater na langer, he knawleged and graunted his trespas. 
1484 Caxton /'ables of A Ufonce (1889) 3 After that the cause 
had be wel deffended and pleted by bothe partyes. 1561 T. 
Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. xx. (1634) 742 ‘The right use [of 
law is] both for the plaintife to sue, and for the defendant 
to defend. 1768 BLiackstone Comm. III. 296/7. 1883 J. 
HawtuorneE Dust xxxvii. 306 A letter announcing that the 
defendants in the case of Desmoines v. Lancaster declined 
to defend. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 201/2 A solicitor 
to a trust has authority to defend legal proceedings, though 
not to initiate them. Mod. The prisoners were defended by 
Mr. L. On his trial he defended himself (or conducted his 
own defence) with great ability. 

+ Defernd, 5d. Sc. Obs. rare. 
Defence. 

c14s0 Henryson Mor. Fab. 69 Sir..made I not fair 
defend? ¢1470 Henry Wallace x. 1154 Sum men tharfor 
agaynys makis defend. 

Defendable (dife:ndab’l), a. vare. Also 8 
-ible. [f. DEFEND v. + -ABLE. Cf. F. défendadle 
(from 13th c.).] 

1. Capable of being defended or protected from 
assault or injury. 

16xr Cotcr., Defensable, defendable .. which may be 
defended, guarded, or preserued. 1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. 
v. vi. (R.), [The skin] being easily defendible by the power 
of man’s reason and art. 1870 Daily News 25 Nov., 
That they should establish a defendable frontier. 

2. Capable of being maintained or vindicated ; 
defensible. 

1683 Cave Lcclesiasticé go The death of Arsenius, which 
they knew was not defendable at a fair Audit. 

+ Defendance. Oés. Also 5 -ens. [a. OF. 
defendance, deff= (13th c. in Godefroy), defence, 
resistance, f. defendre to DEFEND.] Defence. 

a1§00 Orol. Sap. in Anglia X. 389 Heelful defendens in 
alle dyuerse periles. 1600 App. Appor £.xf. Yonah 550 Our 
chalenges, and defendances for combats in the field. 

Defendant (d/fe‘ndant), a. and sd. Also 4-6 
-aunt, 6 -ante, 7 -ent. [a. F. défendant (OF. 
defendant), pr. pple. of défendre to DEFEND ; also 
used absol.] A. adj. 

+1. Used as pres. pple. Defending; him self 
defendaunt =in his own defence. Obs. 

¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 6890 3if ich bi sone owhar a-slou3, 
It was me defendant anou3. cx Sir Beues 660 Men ne 
slou3 he nou3t, Boute hit were him self defendaunt ! 

2. Defending oneself, or an opinion, cause, etc., 
against attack; making one’s defence; being de- 
fendant in a suit (see B. 3). ? Ods. 

1596 Foxe’s A. § M.658/2 The defendant part was driven 
for a while to keepe silence. 1598 Haxtuyt Voy. I. 240 
(R.) Then commeth an officer and arresteth the party 
defendant. 1682 Drypen King § Queen Epil. 16 ’Tis just 
like puss defendant in a gutter. , 

+3. Affording defence; defensive. Ods. 

1599 Suaks. /Y7en. V, 1, iv. 8 With men of courage, and 
with meanes defendant. 

B. sb. +1. A defender against hostile attack ; 
opposed to assazlant. Obs. 


[f. DEFEND v.] 


@ 1533 Lv. Berners Hox cxiii. 398 The citye was so sore 
assayld on all partyes that the defendauntys wyste not 
where to make resystence. 1548 Hatt Chron. 54 Neither 
the il nor defend 


loke for any Po 1614 
Rateicu Hist. World Il, v. iii. § 15. 442 To beat the 
defendants from the Wall. 1731 J. Gray Gunnery Pref. 21 
The defendants. .of-the city..were sorely gauled with all 
sorts of missive weapons. «1787 Br. Lowtn Serve & Renz. 
289 Had a potent enemy invaded Sodom..nothing could 
have inspired the defendants with truer courage, than 
virtue and the fear of God. 
+b. One who defends (an opinion, etc.). Ods. 

1665 Hooke ae: too Nor will it be enough for 
a Defendant of that Hypothesis to say, etc. 

+ 2. The party who denies the charge and accepts 
the challenge of the acon in wager of battle. 

1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. vit. 143/2 Gloucestre..was the 
appellaunt and Arthur was the defendaunt. 1593 SHAKs, 
2 Hen. VI, tu. iii. 49 Ready are the Appellant and Defend- 
ant, @1645 Hrywoop Jortune by Land u. Wks. 1874 VI. 

85 Neither challenger nor defendant are yet in field, 1828 

cott F, M. Perth xxiii, The Knight of Kinfauns, the 
challenger, and. .the young Earl of Gawiord, as represent- 
ing the defendant. 

3. Law. A person sued in a court of law; the 
party in a suit who defends; opposed to plaintiff: 

* A “defendant” is originally. a st but the notion of 
sis demcecting ee comes in early and prevails.’ Prof, 

» W. Mait . 


DEFENDER. 


@ 1400 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 361 And pat commune law hym 
be y-entred, pe axere and pe defendaunt. 1550 CrowLrey 
Last Trump. 923 Retained of playntyfe, or of defendaunt. 
1553 I. Witson Rhet. 47 The complainaunt commenseth 
his action, and the defendaunt thereupon answereth. 1596 
Suaxs. Merch, V, ww. i. 361. 1809 J. Marsuati Const. 
Opin. (1839) 123 The state cannot be made a defendant in 
a suit brought by an individual. 1859 Dickens 7. Two 
ied 1. xii, The counsel for the defendant threw up his 

riet, 

+4. Phrase. Ju my, his (etc.) defendant: in one’s 
defence. Ods. 

[App. a corruption of se, him, defendant in A. 1.J 

€ 1386. Cuaucer Pars. 7. rag Whan o man sleeth another 
in his defendaunt. 1470-85 Matory Arthur u. vii, Balyn 
that slewe this knyght in my defendaunt. 

Defended (dife:ndéd), pA/. a. [f. DEFEND v.] 

41. Forbidden. Oés. 

€1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 258 Pe beaute of pe fruyt 
defendid. 1633 MassinGer Guardian iv. ii, How justly am 
I punish'd .. For my defended wantonness ! 1667 Mitton 
P. L. x1. 86 To know both Good and Evil, since his taste 
Of that defended Fruit. 

2. Guarded, protected, maintained against attack, 
etc.: see DEFEND v. 

1615 STEPHENS Satyr, Ess. (ed. 2) 426 A Fidler .. is 
a defended night-walker : and under privilege of Musicke 
takes occasion to disquiet men. 1694 Amadis of Greece 
Title-p., His conquering of the defended mountain. 1891 
Daily News 7 Dec. 6/1 ‘The defended action of Duplany v. 
Duplany..was set down..for hearing on the following day. 

Defendee’*. vare.—° [f.as prec. +-EE.] Once 
who is defended. 

1864 in WessTeR. (Described as rare.) 

Defendens, -ent: see DEFENDANCE, -ANT. 

Defender (d/fendaz). Forms: 3,6 defendor, 
4-7 -our, (4 -owr, 5 deffendour), 5— defender. 
[ME. and AFr. defendour = OF. defendeor (nom. 
defendere), mod.¥. défendeur, £. defend-re to Dr- 
FEND. See -ER2 3. 

The OF. oblique case defendeor, -edor, comes from 
a Romanic type défenditor-emt: cf. Pr., Sp., Pg. defendedor, 
It. difenditore; the nom. defendere, -terre, Pr. defendaire, 
was formed on the analogy of sbs. with -cor, -edor, in the 
oblique case from L. -@¢67-e72.] 

1. One who defends, or wards off an attack ; es/. 
one who fights in defence of a fortress, city, etc. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 198 He may ys owe lese, 3yf be 
defendor ab be my3te. a 1325 Prose Psalter xxxix. [xl.] 24 
Pou art myn helper and my defendour. 1483 Cath. Ang?. 93 
A defender, defensor. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 13 
Our kynge and defender. 1594 Hooker Ecc?. Pod. 1. (1611) 26 
Men always knew that when force and iniury was offered, 
they might be defendours of themselues. 1607 SHAKS. Cor. 
111. lil. 128 The power. .To banish your Defenders. c 1750 iu 
‘Bat’ Crick. Man. (1850) 30 The oftener is the defender 
able to run between the wicket and the stand. 1844 H. H. 
Wiuson Brit. India 11. 474 After a severe struggle the de- 
fenders were driven out. 1878 SreLey Steiz II. 128 All the 
inhabitants of the State are born defenders of it. 

+b. The person who accepts the challenge to 
combat in wager of battle: = DEFENDANT sé. 2. 

1586 Ferner Blas. Gentrie, If it be on the defendors side, 

he may refuse the combat offered. 
+e, A dog kept for purposes of defence; a 
watch-dog. Obs. 

1607 TorsELt Four Beasts (1658) 124 margin, The greater 
sociable Dogs or defenders. 1688 R. Home Armoury 1. 
184/1 The Defenders are Dogs that forsake not their Master 
in Life nor Death. : 

da. Zrish Hist. (with capital.) Originally, one 
who defended his home against marauders ; later, 
towards the end of the 18th c., the name assumed 
by a society of Roman Catholics formed to resist 
the Orangemen. (See Lecky, Aug. in Eighteenth 
Cent. VII.) 

1796 Hull Advertiser 13 Feb. 3/1 Defenders !!..a party of 
these miscreants attacked a small public-house..on the 
Trim road. 1798 Aux. Reg. 155 Irritated by this usage, the 
Catholics also associated for their defence, whence they 
were called Defenders. 1842 S. C. Hatt /reland II. 121 
The Peep-of-day-boys originated in the north, about the 
heer 1785..they were met by a counter association, ‘the 

efenders’, x890 Lecky Eng. i 18th C. VII. 12 For six 
or eight months Defender outrages continued in this county 
almost uncontrolled. Papas 

‘2. One who defends, upholds, or maintains by 
argument; one who speaks or writes in defence of 
a person, cause, or opinion. 

1544 (¢it/e), A Supplycacion to our most soveraigne Lorde 
Kynge Henry the Byzht, Kynge of England,..and moste 
ernest defender of Christes gospell. 1594 Hooker Eccd. Pol. 
1. iv. (1611) 134 Defenders of that which is Popish. 1685 
Srituncri. Orig. Brit. i. 3 The Defenders of this Tradition. 
1856 Emerson Zug. Traits, Char. Wks. (Bohn) II. 58 They 
are headstrong believers and defenders of their opinion. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 377 The Sophists have found 
an enthusiastic defender in the distinguished historian of 


Greece. 

b. Defender of the faith: a title borne by the 
sovereigns of England since Henry VIII, on whom 
it (i.e. /2ded defensor) was conferred by Pope Leo X 
in 1521 asa reward for writing against Luther. Cf. 
DEFENSOR. 

(1530 Act 21 Hen. VIIT (title), Anno regni inuictissimi 
principis Henrici octaui, Angliz et Francia regis, fidei de- 
fensoris .. vicesimi pet 1528 TinpaLe Oded. Chr. Man 
Wks, I, 186 One is called Most Christian King; another, 
Defender of the faith. 1 Act 31 Hen. VIII, Henry 
the eight by the grace of God, King of England and of 
France, Defendor of faith. 1558 in Strype Ann. Ref. le 

17*-2 


DEFENDING. 


App. i. 2 Elizabeth, by the grace of God. .defendour of the 
fait 1623 Lv. Hersert fo Yas. / in Ellis Orig. Lett. 
Ser. 1. III. 165 Your sacred Majestie .. beeinge Defender of 
our Faithe. 

3. The party sued in an action at law; =DeE- 
FENDANT 5b. 3. (Now the term in Sc. Law; 
opposed to pursuer; also used in Roman Law 
treatises. ) 

¢ 1450 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 59 Als well pe pla: fe as 
pe defender in all maner of playintes, 1752 5S. Toms 
Form of Process (ed. 2) 146 All Prosecutors may com: 
with four, and the Defenders with six of their Friends. 1861 
W. Beit Dict. Law Scot., Defender is the party against 
whom the conclusions of a process or action are directed. 
1880 Murrneap Gaius 1v. § 102 In certain cases.. the de- 
fender in an action in fersonam must give security even 
when conducting his own defence. 

4. In the game of Omébre: see DEFENCE sd. 2 ¢. 

1878 H. H. Gisss Ombre 33 The Defender has to fight 
out the game against the other two players. 

Hence Defenderism (/rish Hist.), the principles 
or policy of the Defenders. (Sense 1d —) 

1795 Hull Advertiser 19 Sept. 1/4 He..avowed the 
principles of Defenderism. ae Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 330 
It is now plain that Catholic defenderism is the only restraint 
upon Protestant ascendency. 1837 /vaser's Mag. XV. 54 
Defenderism finds fuel in Connaught, Leinster, and Munster. 
1890 Lecxy Eng. in 18th C. VII. 13- 

Defenderesse, obs. form of DEFENDRESS. 

Defendible: see DEFENDABLE. 

Defending (d/fe'ndin), vi/. sb. [-1nc1.] The 
action of the verb DEFEND: a. The warding off 
of attack, etc. 

¢ 1300 K’. A lis. 676 Now con Alisaundre. .of sweordis turn- 
yng, Apon stede, apon justyng, And 'sailyng, of defendyng. 
1382 Wycuir Pil. 1. 7 In defendyng and confermyng of the 
gospel. 1483 Cath. Angl. 93 A Defendynge, brachium, 
custodia, defensio. 1583 Stupes Anat. Abus. u. (1882) 97 
Power of defending of life. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince 
(Rtldg. 1883) 273 The storming or defending of towns. 

+b. Forbidding, prohibition. Ods. 

c1400 Test. Love il. (1560) 295/1 Prohibicion, that is, de- 
fendyng. 7 

Defending, ///. «. 
see the verb. 

1881 Daily News 5 Nov. 5/8 Some of those discrepancies 
which defending counsel delight in discovering. 

+ Defe‘ndless, @. Os. rare. [See -LESS.] 
Defenceless. 

1737 Common Sense (1738) 1. 42 Pointing a Musket to 
a defendless Man's Breast. 

Defendor, -our, -owr, obs. ff. DEFENDER. 

Defendress (d’fendrés). Nowvare. In6-7 
-eresse, -resse. [a. F. défenderesse, fem. of deé- 

Jfendeur ; see -ESS. 

1. A female defender, protector, or maintainer. 

1509 Fisuer Wks. (1876) 301 Good preestes and clerkes to 
whome she was a true defenderesse [ed. 1708 defendresse}. 
1581 Mutcaster Positions Ded., Elizabeth by the Grace of 
God Queene of England, Fraunce, and Ireland, defendresse 
ofthe faith, &c. 1627-47 FELTHAM Resolves 1. \xxv.(1677) 115 
Virtue is a Defendress, and valiants the heart of man. 1749 
H. Wacpoce Lett. H. Mann (1834) I. excix. 265 Gracious 
pele .. would make an admirable defendress of the new 
jaith, 

+2. A female defendant in a suit. Ods. 

1611 E. Grimstone //ist. France 1042 That which afflicts 
the Defendresse much more, is that the Complainants obiect 
against her, that she loued not her child. 

+ Defendrix. 04s. rare. [f. DEFENDER, after L. 
feminines in -(f)réx: the L. word was defenstrix.] 
= prec. I. 

1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 35 You fight .. for your 
Soveraigne Lady, defendrix vnder God of the same [gospell]. 

+Defenera‘tion. Ods. rave—° [n. of action 
from L. défenerdre to involve in debt, exhaust by 
usury, f. fenus, fenus interest, usury.] 

1656 Buiount Glossogr., Defeneration, a taking mony 
upon usury. ee 

efenestration (défenéstrzi‘fon). [mod. f 
L. Dr- I. 1, 2 +/enestra a window: so in mod.F.] 
The action of throwing out of a window, 
_ Defenestration of Prague the action of the Bohemian 
insurgents who, on the 21st of May 1618, broke up a meetin; 
of Imperial commissioners and deputies of the States, he 
in the castle of the Hradshin, and threw two of the commis- 
sioners and their secretary out of the window; this formed 
the prelude to the Thirty Years’ War. 

1620 Relig. Wotton. (1672) 7 A man saued at the time 
of the defenestration. 1837 Sourney Lett. (1856) IV. 521, 

e d ion 


a) 


[-1NG 2.] That defends : 


| 


182 


1603 Houtanp Plutarch’s Mor, 19 As with a defensative 
band about it. 161g Marxnam Eng. Housew. 1. i. (1668) 41 
Lay it within the defensitive Plaist rehearsed. 
Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 240 The efficacy and defensa- 
tive power of moral goodness. 

b. = DEFENSIBLE I b. 

1591 F. Sparry Geomancie 85 The Citie. .is not defensatiue 
and [is] ill maintayned by men of force. 

2. Made in defence or vindication of something. 

@ 1703 Burkitt On N. 7. Mark ii. 22 Observe the defen- 
sative plea which our blessed Saviour makes. 


B. sb, =DEFENSIVE sé. 1. (Very common in 


17th c.) 

a Baker Yewell of Health 7 b, Defensatives .. for ex- 
pelling the Plague. 1583 H. Howarpr (title, A Defen- 
satiue against the Poyson of su Prophecies. 1612 

ood defensative 


Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 28 A 
against all venemous humours. i6e8 Sir T. Browne Gard. 
Cyrus iii. 126 Houseleek, which ol superstition set on the 
tops of houses, as a defensative against li tening. @1711 
Ken Serm. Wks. (1838) 160 Abstinence, the best defensitive 
a Christian can have. 1758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. 
(1771) 94 A Defensitive composed of Bole Armenia{c], The 
White of an Egg, and Vinegar. 1783 Ainswortu Lat. Dict. 
(Morell) 1, A defensative against poison. 

+ Defensatrice. Oss. rare. [ad. late L. dz- 
Jensatrix, -tricem, fem. of défensator, agent-n. from 
défensdre: see prec.] Defendress. 

61450 Mirour Saluacioun 3984 Virgine Marie..is oure 
blissed deffensatrice. 

Defense, -fenser, var. of DEFENCE, DEFENSOR. 

Defensibility (d/fensibi'liti). [f next + -ITY.] 
The quality of being defensible ; capacity of being 
defended. 

1846 Grote Greece u. ii. 11. 344 The extreme defensibility 
of its frontier. 1859 j; Wurte /ist. France (1860) 5 The 
perfect defencibility of the French territory. 

Defensible (d/fe‘nsib’l), @. Forms: a. 3-6 
defensable, (5 -abill, -abylle, deffensable, 6 
Sc. defensabil, 6-7 defenceable) ; 8. 5— defen- 
sible, (5 diffensyble, 5-6 defensyble, 7 defen- 
cible). [Etymologically there are here two distinct 
words: a. defensable, a. ¥. défensable (12th c. in 
Hatzf.):—L. défensabil-em (St. Ambrose, ¢ 375), £. 
défensare to ward off, freq. of défendére to defend. 
In the latter part of the 15th c. this began to be 


, displaced by B. defensible, ad. L. défensibil-em 


| to libbe other to deie. 


(Cassiodorus, ¢ 550), f. L. défens-, ppl. stem of 
défendere. This expelled the former before 1700. 
In French also défensidle appears in 17-18th c., 
but both forms are there archaic, the ordinary word 
being défendable.] 

+1. Affording, or capable of affording, defence ; 
defensive. (Cf. FENCIBLE A. 1-3.) @. Of men- 
at-arms: Fit or able to defend a fortress, etc. Obs. 

1297 R. Giouc.(1724) 549 Hii hulde hom there defensables, 
1481 Caxton Godfrey 306 Ther were 
therin turkes many, hardy and defensable. 1502 ARNOLDE 
Chron. (1811) 289 Wyth certayn nombre off defensible par- 
sones. 1549 Compl. Scot. xix. 163 Sa mony of you that ar 
defensabil men. 1 Suaxs. Hen. V, ut. iii. 50 We no 
longer are defensible. 1636 Prynne Humb, Remonstr. 4 
Great Navies of Ships an | ised ve defensible. 1828 Scotr 
F. M. Perth xix, Every defensible man of you.. keep his 
weapons in readiness. 


+b. Of fortresses, fortified places, ete. Ods. (bat 


| often not distinguishable from sense 3). 


tae 4 
Ps ard placis to withstonden. 


Wycur JZudg. vi. 2 Thei maden to hem .. moost 
c 1400 Rom. Rose 4168 
A portecolys defensable. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon 
vi. 149 Barbacanes well defensable. 1585 T. Wasuincton 
tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie 1. xvi. 17 This Bour is not 
defensible agaynst any great siege. 1627 Sreep England, 
Garnsey § 2 A Pale of Rockes .. uery defensible vnto the 
Iland. 1 Damier Voy. Il. 1, vili. 161 What charges 
stowed on it since to make it defenceable. 
He maintained the 

1818 Hatiam Mid. Ages 
population and 


py eager or defenceable Gee: 
56 


defensible. 

+d. gen. Defensive, protective. Ods. 

1545 Primer Hen, VIIT (1546) 156 Be thou unto me 
oat 


I much admire the manner in which th 
is shown [in a picture]. 1863 NEALE 
Which ing at the d 

nated in the peace of Westphalia. 

Defens, obs. form of DEFENCE. 

Defensable, ME. form of DEFENSIBLE, ay 

+ Defensal, 2. Ods. rare. [f. med.L. défen- 
sal-is, f. defens-um DEFENCE: see -AL, (OF. had 
deffensal sb. defence.)] Pertaining to defence. 

1560 Rottanp Crt, Venus 1. 800 Charge him compeir 
befoir my Maiestie..To heir him self accusit of crueltie.. 
With exceptionis, and causis defensall. 

+ Defe'nsative, a. and sh. Ods. Also -itive. 
[f. L. type *défensativ-us (prob. used in 15-16th c. 
Latin), f..défensat-, ppl. stem of défensare to ward 
off, defend, freq. of défendéve to DEFEND: see -IvE.] 

A. adj. 1, Having the property of defending ; 
defensive, protective. 


Ess. Liturgiol. 238 
of ue. . termi- 


ible God. 1574 Hyit Planting 77 Covered with 
clay, or some other defensable playster. 
+ 2. In a state of defence against attack or injury; 
safe. Ods. 
1581 J. Bett. Haddon's Answ. Osor, 276 b, That such as 
are buryed in the cowle and weede of a Franciscane 


are forthwith defensible enough ynst all the les 
and furies of hell. /did. 487 b, Yt her life might have 
eskaped safe, and defensible from those stormes. 


a gegen Edystone L. § 253 We could not leave the 
work in a more di ible state. 
3. Capable of being defended against attack or 
injury. 

1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestagyio 207 The rocke with such 

t soldiers was not defensible. 170g Appison /tady 

(1733) 304 Defensible by a very little y against a 
numerous Enemy. 1816 KeatinGe 7'av. (1817) I. 259 His 
fortress was defensible against all the power of man. 
Burton Hist. Scot?, V1 fendi, 256 Dumbarton was 
to be more defensible, 


| 


DEFENSIVE. 


4. fig. Capable of being defended (in ar, 
maintained, or vindicated ; justifiable. ( 
“ae her, Seo 850) 18 My cause 
woogie aaa by aur ty that I pin ip Ysges Hanre- 


FIELD Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 48 The marriage is defence- 


», 
chief 


able Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 153 This is 
pore ae na mye Junius Lett. xvi. 71 The. .resolu- 
tion..is ible on general principles of reason. 1863 


Fawcett Pol. Econ, ut. vii. 387 A more defensible, or 
ajuster claim. 1875 Wurrney Life Lang. ix. 154 Ina true 
and defensible 


sense. 

Hence Defensibleness. 

1689 Petry Pol. Arith. (1690) 14 The defensibleness of 
the Country by reason of its Situation on the Sea. 1830 
Gen. P. THompson E-xerc. (1842) 1. 229 The defensibleness 
of icular branches of a system. 

ensibly (d/fensibli), adv. Also 5-6 
-sably, 6 -cibly. [f. prec. + -LY 7.] 

+1. In a ‘ defensible’ manner; so as to afford 
defence or protection : see prec. 1. Ods. 

1464 in Rymer Fadera (1710) XI. 524 Every Man .. be 
Well and Defensibly arrayed. a 1533 | Berners (won 
cxliii. 530 Aboue .iii. M. horses dafenaliy eqergriys. 1599 
R. Crompton Mansion of Magnan. Nivb, The houses 
were all of stone, very strongly and defencibly builded. 

2. In a manner defensible by argument ; justi- 
fiably. 

1880 Variorum Teachers’ Bible \sa. vii. 14 The Hebrew 
prefixes the article, which A. V. defensibly regards as that 
of species. | 

ension (d/fe'nfon). Also 6 -syon, -cion. 
[ad. L. défension-em, n. of action from défendére 
to Derenp. Cf. OF. defension, -siun (11-16th c. 
in Godef.).j 

+1. =DeErence; protection, vindication, etc. 

1382 Wycur Ecclus. xlviii. 7 Domes of defensioun [1388 
defence]. Fe Balade, 1X Ladies Worthie (Chaucer's 
Wks. 1561), Against the proud Grekes made defencion With 
her victorious hand. 1514 R. Pace in Fiddes Wolsey 11. 
G7) 203 In the defension of your gracis causis. a1 

nitpot Exam. & Writ. (Parker Soc.) 325 The just defen- 
sion against his unjust accusation. 

2. In R.C. Colleges: The formal defence of a 
thesis or proposition as an academic exercise. 

1563 Foxe A. & Af. 862a, He withstandeth the Popes 
Supremacie .. in his disputations and defensions. _16..W. 
Biunpett in Cxosshy Records 175 My said brother did make 
his public defension of Philosophy in the Roman college. 
1862 F. C. HusensetHu a ¥. Milner 8 He never taught 
in the Schools, nor made = ublic defensions. 

J. Gutow Lit. Hist. Eng, Catholics 11, 458 This defension 
took place in the palace of Cardinal Guise. 

Hence + Defe-nsional a., pertaining to defence. 

- tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. 111. 682 The arsenal, the 
defensional office [at Freiburg, Switzerland]. 

Defensitive: see DEFENSATIVE. 


Defensive (difensiv), a. and sd. Also 4-5 
-sif, 5 -syue, 6 -sife, deffensive, 7 defencive. 
[a. F. défensif, -ive (14th c. in Hatzf.), ad. med.L. 


défensiv-us, {. défens-, ppl. stem of L. défendére: 
see -IVE.] A. adj. 

1, Having the quality of defending against attack 
or injury ; serving for defence ; protective. 

c1400 Lanfranc's pains 13 Aboute pe wounde leie 
a medicyn defensif. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 64 Preamb., 
Armours Defensives, as — Salettis, Brigandynes. 
1 Hatt Chron. 169 b, Any weapon, either invasive or 
defensive. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, u. i. 48 As a Moate de- 
fensiue to a house. 1636 Six H. Biount Voy. Levant (1637) 
roo A boorded Arche..defensive against sunne raine, 
1634 Six T, Hersert 7rav. (16 8) 330 The Nut is cloathed 
with a defensive husk. 1655 Futrer Ch. //ist. 1x. 11. § 21 


1V. 357 A Castle (then much decayed, never much defensive 
for iva City). ope colaee Nat. Hist. (1776) V1. 361 An 
ic! 


hard, firm shell, which furnishes. . both offensive and defensive 
armour, 1874 Bouter. Arms § Arm.ii.g When mew fe 
Gaul, the Romans.. wore defensive armour formed of iron. 
+ b. Of fortified places: =DBYENSIBLE 1 b. Obs. 
ingd. Commw., (1603) 259 To 
immure themselves in di ive places. Six T. 
Hersert 7rav. (1638) 81 The Citie is .. made d ive by 
many helps of nature and industry. ’ 
+e. Of persons: Capable of making defence. 
Obs, rare. 
1667 Mitton P, L. vi. 393 The faint Satanic Host Defen- 
sive scarse, or, with pale fear surpris’d. 
+d. With of: Serving to ward off, or to protect 
ee cabo, x: I rais'd a nuptial bow'r And 
r ‘ope Odyss. xxiii. 196, I rais’d a nupti ‘r 
rood i 


defensive of the storm and show'r. 
2. Made, formed, or carried on for the ar 
of defence: op) to offensive (= ive). 
1s80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) ass The Athenians made 
offensive di sive them, 1631 Goucr 


's Arrows i. § 60. 293 The bloud which in defensive 
warre is shed, 1678 Lavy Cuawortn in 12th Rep. Hist. 
MSS.Comm. App.v.44.A offencive and defencive with 
Holland. atson Philip 17 (1839) #3. Able to wage 
only a tedious defensive war. 1787 Map. ‘Arsiay Di 
Mar., I was obliged to a defe 4 
future, 1869 Rawxinson Anc. Hist. 180 Alliance, offensive 
and defensive, between Sparta and Becotia. 

3. Of or belonging a defence. > ae 
1643 Stincssy Diary (1836) 102 .. lay at a defensive 
School Recreation 67 
shall now proceed ( 
ht. over-much (758) 16 Going to 
aly s , even on the defensive side. 1845 
S. Austin Ranke Hist. Ref. U1. 175 Their position was 


DEFENSIVELY. 


4. Spoken or written in defence of something ; of 


the nature of a defence or vindication. 

1604 Broucuton (¢it/e), Two little Workes defensive of our 
Redemption. 1768 BLackstone Comm. III. 100 His de- 
fensive allegation, to which he is entitled in his turn to the 
plaintiff’s answer upon oath. 1893 Bookman June 85/2 An 
appreciative essay, partly defensive of his memory. 


280s 

+1. Something that serves to defend or protect ; 
esp. in Med. and Surg. a bandage, plaster, oint- 
ment, or medicine, serving to guard against injury, 
inflammation, corruption, infection, etc. Ods. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 214 Pou schalt algate aboute pe 
sijknes leie a defensif of bole & terra sigillata. 1544 PHarr 
Pestilence (1553) Pivb, Lay a defensiue about the sore. 1562 
Turner Herbal u. 41b, If it be layd vnto woundes, it is 
a good defensiue for them. 1610 Markuam Masterpiece u. 
clxxiii. 485 It is also an excellent defensiue against fluxes 
of blood. @1626 Bacon (J.), Wars preventive upon just 
fears, are defensives, as well as on actual invasions. 1665 
Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 150 Wear this defensive for my 
sake. 1725 Brapiey Fam. Dict. s.v. Wounds, lf a Nerve 
happens to be cut, you must close it, and use a Defensive, 
to prevent a concourse of Humours. 

2. A position or attitude of defence: usually in 
phr. Zo stand (act, etc.) on the defensive. [Absolute 
use of A. 3.] 

1601 R. Jounson Kingd. § Comm. (1603) 178 Onely to 
stand upon the defensive. 1708 Swirr Predictions, The 
French army acts now wholly on the defensive. 1797 Burke 
Corr. IV. 431 In debate, as in war, we confine ourselves to 
a poor, disgraceful, and ruinous defensive. 1828 Scorr /. 
M. Perth xxxiv, The two brethren .. striking both at once, 
compelled him to keep the defensive. 1869 FreeMAN Norv. 
Cong. (1876) ILI. xii. 152 The plan of the Duke was to stand 
wholly on the defensive. B ; 

+3. One who defends himself against attack: 
opposed to assailant or aggressor. Obs. rare. 

1634 Sir T, Hersert 7vav.79 They. .retired home, leaving 
the Georgians Victors, though defensives. 

Defensively (difensivli), adv. [-ty2.] In 
a defensive manner ; by way of defence. 

1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. 1. Wks. (1851) 59 Camalodunum, 
where the Romans had seated themselves to dwell pleasantly, 
rather than defensively, was not fortifi'd. 1692 Lutrreci 
Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 370 We shall, it’s beleived, act only de- 
parte? 1884 Mrs. OuipHant in Blackw. Mag. Jan. 5/2 
Lady Mary put up her hand defensively. 2 

Defe'nsiveness. [-Nrss.] The quality of 
being defensive. 

1600 F. Waker Sf. Mandeville 131a, They want no 
defensiuenes against the cold. 1828 Lxaminer 643/1 The 
position of defensiveness. 1885 G. Merepitu Diana I. xv. 
323 Arousing her instincts of defensiveness. 

Defensor (difensa1, -71). Forms: 4-5 de- 
fensour, (4-6 -oure, 5 -owre), 6 defencer, 6- 
defensor. [ME. and AFr. defensour = OF, *de- 
JSenseor, in 13th c. deffenceour, mod.F. défenseur :— 
L. défensator-em (Jerome), agent-n. from adéfensare, 
freq. of défendére to DEFEND. By later changes 
in Eng. the word is completely assimilated to L, 
défensor, agent-n. from défendére.] 

+1. A defender. Odés. 

Chief Defensor of the Christian Church, a title formerly 
bestowed by the Pope upon individual kings, as upon 
Henry VII of England. 

1378 Barsour Bruce xvu. 745 Sum of the defensouris war 
All dede, and othir woundit sare. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. 

xvi. (1554) 33a, To holy churche he was chief defensour. 

1509 FaBYAN VII. (3539) 6g0. 1530 Patscr. Introd. 10 Henry 

by the grace of God, kynge of Englande and of France, 

defensor of the faythe. 1596 Hove's A. §& M. 591/1 Any of 

their fautors, comforters, counsellers, or defensers. 1611 

Speen Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. xx. 72 Chiefe Defensor of Christs 
+ Church. 1670 Famous Conclave Clement VIII 29 The only 

defensor and supportor of the Catholick Religion. 

2. Rom. Hist. ‘In the later period of the empire 
(after 365 A.D.), title of a magistrate in the pro- 
vincial cities, whose chief duty was to afford 
protection against oppression on the part of the 
governor’ (Lewis & Short). 

¢1370 Wycur Eng. Wks. (1880) 395 And saynte gregori 
wrote to be defensoure of rome in bis maner. [1818 Hatta 
Mid. Ages (1872) 1. 341 But the Defensores were also — 
trates and preservers of order.] 184x W. Spacpinc Jtaly & 
it. [st. 1, 112 The defensors differed in both respects. 1855, 
Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) I. m1. v. 45 What the defensor 
had been in the old municipal system. 

3. Roman Law. One who took up the defence 
and assumed the liability of a defendant in an 
action. 

1875 Poste Gaius 1v. Comm, (ed. 2) 569 A defensor may 
prevent a forfeiture of the stipulation. Lbid., A defensor 
(unauthori: ‘ive) of the defendant gave security 
judicatum solvi. 

Hence Defe-nsorshiy, the office of defensor. 

1855 Mitman Latin Chr. Il. The golden diadem, 
7 of the Patriciate and Tsleaeorship of the city 
of Rome, 

Defensory (d?fe'nsori), a. and sb. Now rare 
or Obs. [ad. L. défensori-us, £. défensor-em: see 
DEFENSOR and -orY.] : 

A. adj. That is intended, or serves, to defend ; 
defensive. 


1gss2 Hutort, Defensorye, Jraesidiarius. 1586 A. Day 
Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 14 A Letter see answerin by 
confutation all the objections. 1647 Royall § Royallist's 


Plea 13 The warre on the Kings side is vindicatory and 
defensorie. 1849 /raser’s Mag. XX XIX. 669 One of the de- 


183 


fensory provisions which the Creator has assigned to some 
of His creatures. f 
+ B. sb. Something defensive ; a defence. Ods. 

1588 Greene Perimedes 6 As a defensorie against ensuing 
griefes. 1592 (¢i¢/e), Martin Mar-Sixtus. A second Replie 
against the Defensory and re of Sixtus the fifth, 1677 
Gate Crt. Gentiles I. 11. 154 A Defensorie of the Scripture 
and Church. 

Defenst, obs. f. defenced: see DEFENCE 2. 

+Defernsure. Obs. [f. L. défens- ppl. stem 
of défendére+-uRE.| Something that defends; 
= DEFENSIVE sd. I. 

1586 W. Baitey Briefe Treat. (1633) 21 Wee must defend 
the eye with some defensure to avoid the offence of a fluxe. 

Defer (difs-1), v.! Forms: 4-7 differre, 5-7 
deferre, (4 defere, 5-6 defar, -arre, dyfferre, 
7 deferr), 5-7 differ, 5-6 differr, 6 differe, dy- 
ferre, dyffer, dyffer(r-), diffar(r-), 6-7 differ(r-), 
5- defer(r-). Inflexions deferred, deferring. 
[ME. differre-n, a. OF. différer (21 différe), 14th c. 
in Littré, ad. L. differ-re to carry apart, put off, 
postpone, delay, protract; also, zv¢7., to bear in 
different directions, have diverse bearings, differ. 
Orig. the same word as Dirrer v. (q.v. for the 
history of their differentiation), and often spelt 
differ in 16-17th c.; but forms in de-, def-, are 
found from the 15th, and have prevailed, against 
the etymology, mainly from the stress being on the 
final syllable; but partly, perhaps, by association 
with delay.] 

+1. ¢vans. To put on one side; to set aside. Ods. 

1393 Gower Con/. I. 262 At mannes sighte Envie for to he 
preferred Hath conscience so differred, ‘That no man loketh 
to the vice Whiche is the moder of malice. ¢ 1430 Lync. 
Hors, Shepe §& G. 96 The Syrcumstaunce me lyst nat to 
defer. — Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 14 Grace withe her lycour 
cristallyne and pure Defferrithe vengeaunce off ffuriose 
woodnes. r 

+b. To set or put ‘ beside oneself’; to bereave 
of one’s wits. Ods. vave—}. 

€ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Mattheus 84 Quhame hat bai [two 
sorcerers] had euir marryte Ine pare wittis or differryte. 

+e. vefl. To withdraw or remove oneself, Os. 

1375, Sc. Leg. Saints, Martha 171 Hely, defere pe nocht 
fra me, Bot in myn helpe nov haste pu pe ! 

2. trans. To put off (action, procedure) to some 
later time ; to delay, postpone. 

1382 Wycuir Nes. xxx. 15 If the man .. into another day 
deferre the sentence. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 
132 [She] differred be questyone. 1483 Cath. Angi. 99 ‘To 
Differ, differre, prolongare. 1489 Caxton aytes of A.u. 
vii. 104 The Lacedemonyens with drewe them self and dif- 
ferde the bataylle. 1526 TinpaLe JZa/z. xxiv. 48 My master 
wyll differ his commynge. 1593 Suaks. 2 en. VJ, 1. vii. 141 
Soldiers, Deferre the spoile of the Citie vntill night. 1651 
Hosses Leviath. u. xxx. 183 Sometimes a Civill warre, may 
be differred, by such wayes. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 92 
P2, I have deferred furnishing my Closet with Authors, ’till 
I receive your Advice. 1795 SouTHEY Yoan of Arc iv. 499 
O chosen by Heaven! defer one day thy march. 1863 Gro, 
Euiot Romola u. iv, She deferred writing the irrevocable 
words of parting from all her little world. 

b. Const. with zf. ? Obs. 

I H. Beaurort in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. I. 102 He 
hath long differred to parfourme them. c 1450 S¢. Cuthbert 
(Surtees) 7118 To wende hame pai no3t deferde. 1535 Cover- 
DALE Yosh. x. 13 The Sonne .. dyfferred to go downe for the 
space of a whole daye after. 1609 Biste (Douay) 2/’s. Ixxix. 
Comm., How long wilt thou differre to heare our prayer? 
@ 1656 UssHEeR Azz, (1658) 880 Neither did he long defer to 
put those Jews to death. a@1732 Arrersury (J.), The longer 
thou deferrest to be acquainted with them, the less every day 
thou wilt find thyself disposed to them. 

¢e. adsol, or intr, To delay, procrastinate: rarely 
with off 

1382 Wycur Dezt. vii. 10 So that he scater hem, and 
ferther differre not [1388 differr [v.~. tarie] no lengere], ¢1450 
St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7523 He defard, and walde no3t trus. 
1577 NortHBrookEe Dicing (1843) 180 Whyles he desired, 
they deferred. a1592 GREENE & Lonce Looking Glass Wks. 
(Rtldg.) 129/1 Defer not off, to-morrow is too late. 1614 
Br. Hart Recoll, Treat. 935 God differ’s on purpose that 
our trials may be perfect. 1635 R. Botton Com. Affi. Conse. 
ix. 252 The longer thou putst off and defferest the more un- 
fit shalt thou be to repent. 1742 Younc Nt. Th. i. 390 Be 
wise to-day ; 'tis madness to defer. 1771 P. Parsons New- 
market \. 21, 1 have waited (demurred, my gentle reader, if 
you be a lawyer, deferred, if you be a divine) .. a full year, 

3. trans. To put off (a person or matter) to a 
future occasion: +a. a person. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir Acts xxiv. 22 Sothli Felix deferride hem [1388 
delayede, A7S, X, ether differride; Tinpa.e differde, 153 
Great B, deferede, 1557 Genev. differed, 1582 K hewz. differred, 
1611 and 1881 deferred]. 1545 Brinktow Comf/. 20 b, Men 
be differyd from tyme to tyme, yea from yere to yere. 1642 
Rocers Naaman 137 If it seem good to thy wisdome to 
deferre me. 1709 Stryre Anz. Ref 1, xxxviil. 440 He was 
deferred until Monday. 

b. a time, matter, question. 

1509 Barciay Shyp of Folys (1570) 49. Where they two 
borowed, the; aa to Pc Their day of payment 
longer to d 1536 ‘Echort. Jr. North 135 in Furniv, 
Ballads 1. 309 Differ not matteres tyll a new 3ere. 1550 
Morwyne Lvonynt. 95 ‘ich conserveth the healt 
of man’s body, prolongeth a man’s youth, differeth age, 
1559 WILLocK Lett. toC vosraguellin Keith Hist. Church Sc. 
App. 198(Jam.), I wold aske quhilk of us differreth the Caus. 
1611 Biste Pov. xiii. 12 Hopedeferred maketh the heart sicke. 

ec. To relegate to a later part of a treatise. 

1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 123 Let us not entur intothys 
dysputatyon now, but .. dyffer hyt to hys place. 1558 Knox 


DEFERENCE. 


First Blast (Arb.) 37 The admonition I differe to the end. 
1611 Coryat Crudities 480, I had differred it till the end of 
the sermon. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 41 
Which I choose, rather than trouble the Reader with a 
Detail .. here, to deferr to their proper Place. 1877 J. D. 
Cuamsers Divine Worship 284 It has been found necessary 
to defer them to the Appendix. 

+4. To put off (time), waste in delay. Ods. 

1382Wycuir ze, xii. 22 Dais shulen be differrid, or drawen, 
in to loong [1388 differrid in to long tyme]. 1548 Hati 
Chron. 184 Not mynding to differre the time any farther. 
1579 Lyty Luphues (Arb.) 123 Idle to deferre y® time lyke 
Saint George, who is euer on horsebacke yet neuer rydeth. 
rsgr Suaks. 1 //ex. VJ, u. ii. 33 Deferre no tyme, delayes 
haue dangerous ends. 1633 G. Hersert 7emple, Deniald 
vi, O cheer and tune my heartlesse breast, Deferre no time. 

+b. To protract; also 27. to linger. Obs. 

1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. xii. 24a, The 
Warres were longe differred. 1561 Norton & Sackv. Gor- 
boduc 1v. ii, Why to this houre Have kind and fortune thus 
deferred my breath? 1561 Hottysusu How. Afpoth. 42), 
If the disease woulde differre, and the jaundis woulde not 
voyde. 

Defer (difa-1), v.2 Also 5-6 differ, 6-7 de- 
ferre, (8 defere). Inflexions deferred, deferring. 
[a. F. déférer (al défere), 16th c. in Littré (defferer 
14th c. in Godef. Suff/.), in same sense as Eng., 
ad. L. défer-re to bring or carry away, convey 
down, to bring or carry with reference to destina- 
tion, to confer, deliver, transfer, grant, give, to 
report, to refer (a matter) to any one; f. Dr-I.1, 2 
+ferre to bear, carry.] 

+1. ¢vans. To carry down or away; to convey 
(to some place); to bring away. Ods. rare. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 254, I do not think that if a Sound 
should pass through divers mediums .. it would deliver the 
Sound in a differing place, from that unto which it is 
deferred. 1654 R.Coprincron tr. //ist. Justine 552 He was 
so much amazed at it, that he conld not forbear to vomit or 
defer the forced burthen of his belly. 

+2. To offer, proffer, tender; in Law, to offer 
for acceptance. Const. 40, rarcly ov. 70 defer an 
oath = ¥. déférer un serment, L. deferre Jusjuran 
dum. Obs. 

1563 Foxe A. § AZ. 782b, Vpon a corporall othe to them 
deferred by the iudges. 1565 Juewrt Wepd. //arding (1611) 
379 That Godly worship which .. of the Diuines is called 
Latria, is deferred only to the Blessed Trinity. 1651 Hozsrs 
Leviath, nu. xxx. 177 Vo deferre to them any obedience, or 
honour. 1677 Gate Crt, Gentiles i. 172 Apuleius .. does 
in vain defer or bestow this honor on those Demons. 1764-7 
Lp. G. Lytreiton //ist. Hen. L1, Il. 95 (Seager) How very 
wonderful is it that all the princes .. when a king renowned 
for his valour..was actually at their head, should defer the 
command to a monk. 1832 Austin Yurispr. (1879) 11. Mii. 
894 Until he accept the inheritance, he has a right deferred 
or proffered by the law (jus dedatum) but he has not a right 
fully acquired (jus acguisitum), 

+3. To submit (a matter ¢o a person, etc.) for 
determination or judgement; to refer. Ods. 

1490 Acta Dom. Conc. 204 (Jam.) The lordis will differ the 
hale mater to the said Robert spoussis aitht. 1541 BARNES 
Was. (1573) 345/1 This matter was deferred of both partes 
to the sentence of the kyng. 1660 R. Coxe Power §& Subj. 
160 We teach, that among Priests there be no strifes and 
wrangling, nor let them be deferred to the Secular power. 
1691 Brain in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Cel. Ch. (1860) 
I. 4 The council, he said, would defer it to the committee for 
plantations. 

+4. absol. To refer for information fo. Obs. 

1563 Foxe A. §& M. 797 b, Concernynge the depositions of 
this Lorde Paget, here producted, we differ to the xx. act, 
where you shal fynde hym examined. 

+5. dtr. (for ref.) To submit oneself zo. Sc. Obs. 

1479 Acta Dom. Audit. go (Jam.) Decretis .. that Johne 
Stewart .. sall.. pay to Archibald Forester of Corstorfin 
xx L yerly of viii yeris bigain .. becauss the said Archibald 
differit to his aith, and he refusit to suere in presens of the 
lordis. 1490 Acta Dom. Conc. 194 (Jam.) The lordis aboue 
writtin wald nocht defer to the said excepcioun. 

6. zxtr. To submit in opinion or judgement /o ; 
to pay deference /o. 

It is probably with reference to this that Evelyn, 1667 
(Mem. ILI. 161 ed. 1857), says, We have hardly any words 
that de .. fully express the French emotion, defer, effort. 

1686 F. Spence House of Medici 306 (L.) They not only 
deferred to his counsels in publick assemblies, but he was 
moreover the umpire of domestic matters. 1730 A. GorDoON 
Mafjei’s Amphith.8 How far we must defere tohis Authority? 
1792 Burke Let. to Sir H. Langrishe Wks. 1842 I. 543 If 
you had not deferred to the judgment of others. 1855 Pres- 
corr Philip I, 1. ix. (1857) 165 Philip.. had the good sense 
to defer to the long experience and the wisdom of his father. 
1870 Bryant //iad I. 1. 31 And let me warn my mother, Wise 
as she is, that she defer to Jove. 

Deference (de'férens).  [a. F. déférence (16th 
c.), f. déférer to DEFER ¥.2: see -ENCE. ] 

+1. The action of offering or proffering ; tender- 
ing, bestowing, yielding. Ods. rare—'. 

1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. iii. 35 Our de- 
ference of all honor and glory to that which we venerate. 

2. Submission to the acknowledged superior 
claims, skill, judgement, or other qualities, of 
another. Often in phr. Zo pay, show, yield defer- 
ence, 

1647 CLARENDON Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 9/2 He was.. negli- 
gent .. to correspond with him with that deference he had 
used to do, but had the courage to dispute his commands, 
1706 Estcourt Fair Examp. i. i, Now, Sir, you shall stay 
and see what a Deference they pay to m Skill and Autho- 
rity. 17xx Appison Sect, No. 62 ® 7 With all the Deference 
that is due to the Judgment of sogreata Man, 1798 FerRiar 


DEFERENCY “ 
Tlustr. Sterne, Varieties of Man 196 Much of this evil has 
certainl from undue deference to authorities. 
1830 D’Israrui Chas. /, II. vii. 148 Charles often yielded 
a Strange deference to minds inferior to his own. 1836 H. 
Corertwcr North. Worthies (1852) 1. 6 That voice of autho- 
rity to which he would have paid most willing deference. 

3. Courteous regard such as is rendered to a 
superior, or to one to whom respect is due; the 
manifestation of a disposition to yield to the claims 
or wishes of another. Const. 40, + for. 

@ 1660 Hammonp Wes. II. 1. 137 (R.) Why was not John 
who was a virgin chosen, or preferred before the rest ?.. his 
answer is, because Peter was the Elder, the deference being 
given tohisage. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 
80 Nor have they any more complyance one for another, 
than they have deference for strangers: for instead of being 
civil one to another [etc.]. 1 Lively Orac. v- § 15. 296, 
I shall consider to which God himself appears in Scripture 
to give the deference. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 497 P 2 He 
was conducted from room to room, with great deference, to 
the minister. 1754 Cuatuam Lett, Nephew iv. 20 Their age 
and learning..entitle them to all deference. 1855 H, Reep 
Lect. Eng. Hist. iii. 411 That indescribable and instinctive 
deference to the feelings of others, which constitutes the 
gentlemanly spirit. 

4. In deference to: in respectful acknowledge- 
ment of the authority of, out of practical respect 


or regard to. 


1863 H. Cox /ustit. 1. x. 249 The resignation of a Prime | 


Minister in deference to the will of the House of Commons. 
1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. xi. (1880) 195 In deference to 
public opinion, he granted some relief to the exiles from his 
privy purse. 1879 M. Arnotp /rish Cathol. Mixed Ess. 
ror It is in deference to the opinion..of such a class that 
we shape our policy. 

Deference, obs. form of DIFFERENCE. 


+Deferency. 0¢s. rare—'. [f. as prec. with 
ending -ENCY, q.v.] = DEFERENCE. 

1678 Owen Mind of God v. 132 A due reverence and 
deferency unto the Wisdom. .of God. 

Deferent (de‘férént), a.1 and st. Also 5-7 
different, 6 defferent. [a. F. déférent (Tare 
16th c.), or immed. ad. L. déferent-em, pr. pple. of 
défer-re to carry down or away.] 

A. adj. Carrying or conveying down or to a 
particular destination. 

1626 Bacon Sylva Argt. to § 221, etc., The Figures of Pipes, 
or Concaues, thorow which Sounds passe; or the other Bodies 
different ; conduce to the Variety and Alteration of the 
Sounds. 1686 Snare Anat. //orse 1. xxiii. 47 These deferent 
Vessels are two, one on each side. 1877 Huxiry -iuat, 
Jnv. Anim. vii. 378 The..testes end in a pair of deferent 
ducts. 

B. sé. 

1. A carrying or conducting agent; sec. in 
Phys., a canal or duct for conveying fluids. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 133 Vhough Aire be the most favour- 
able Deferent of Sounds. /é/d. § 217 All of them are dull 
and unapt Deferents except the Air. 1730-6 Battery (folio), 
Deferents, those vessels of the body appointed for the con- 
veyance of humours from one part to another. 

2. In the Ptolemaic astronomical system: The 
circular orbit of the centre of the epicycle in which 
a planet was conceived to move: corresponding 
(roughly) to the actual orbit of the planet. Cf. 
EPICYCLE 1. 

1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowle v. i. 70 Within eueryche of these 
seuen speres, there was a Cercle embelyfyng som what.. 
whiche Cercle clepeth the different. 1594 BLuNDEviL Exerc. 
un 1. xv. (ed. 7) 306 The Circle that carrieth the Moon, 
called her Defferent. 1690 Leysourn Cursus Math. 757 
‘The Semidiametre of the Deferent .. is equal to 564 Semi- 
diametres of the Earth. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s. v., 
‘The two points where the Epicicle intersects the Deferent 
are called the Points of the greatest Elongation. 1834 Nat. 
Philos., Hist. Astron. vi. 31/2 (Useful Knowl. Soc.), He 
[Ptolemy] himself considered his system of deferents and 
epicycles merely as a means of determining mathematically 
the positions of the heavenly bodies for any given time. 

3. One who reports a matter; the communicator 
of a notice. 

1670 Evetyn in Phil. Trans. V. 1056, 1 communicate to 
them, through your hands, not only the Instrument... but 
the Description of the Use and Benefit of it from such 
a Deferent, as I am sure they will very highly value. 1671 
— Mem. (1857) 111.238 Unless you approve of what I write, 
and assist the deferrent, for I am no more. 

Deferent (de‘férént), a.2 [f. Deven v.2, and 
DEFERENCE; see -ENT.] Showing deference, de- 
ferential, ; 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 167 His opposition .. was always 
modest, deferent. 1 Miss Mutock 3. Halifax (ed. 17) 
413 Never in all his life had Guy been so deferent, so loving, 
to his father. 1886 Mattock Old Order Changes 1. vil, 
Easiness and want of defe di in his 

Deferential (deférenfal), a1 [f. Dererence 
(or its L, type *déferentia) + -aL; cf. essence, 
essential, prudence, prudential, etc.] Characterized 
by deference ; a deference ; respectful. 

1822 Scotr ip ged xxii, If you seek deferential observance 
and attendance, I tell you at once you will not find them 
here, 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xvii, She was marvellous} 
deferential to Madame Mantalini. 1870 Disrar.i Lothair 
xxviii, The Duke. .could be soft and deferential to women. 

Hence Deferentia‘lity sJ., deference; Deferen- 
tially adv., in a deferential manner, 


134 


.. and conducted to seats of honour. 1865 Dickens M/ut, 
Fr. u1. i, Deferentially observant of his master’s face. 

Defere’ntial, 2.2 Phys. [a.F. déférentiel (e.g. 
artere déférentielle), f. défévent, DEFERENT a.!: see 
-AL.] Serving to convey or conduct; pertaining to 
the deferent duct. 

1877 Huxtey Anat. Juv. Anim. xi. 640 The deferential 
end of the testicular tube s into a sac close to the anus. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deferential ai , a small branch 
supplied to the vas deferens by one of the branches of the 
superior vesical artery. e 

erment (d/foumént). [f. Derer v.! + 
-MENT. Possibly from F.: Godefroy Supf/. cites 
an example of déferrement of 14th c.] A putting 
off; postponement, delay. 

1612 W. Parkes Curtaine Dr. (1876) 31 Mercers and 
Taylors may their customes hire, With long deferment of 
their tedious bils. 1832 Soutney Hist, Penins. War \11. 
191 The cases which could bear no deferment of relief. 1884 
M. Arnowp in Pall Mall G. 1 Dec. 6/2 The delays and the 
deferments which they are certain to lead to. 


Deferred (difa1d), pf/. a. [f. Derer v.1 + 
-ED.] Postponed, put off for a time, delayed. 

Deferred Annuity, an annuity that does not begin till 
after a certain period or number of years, or till the occur- 
rence of a future event, as the decease some person. 
Deferred Bonds: see quot. 1882. st pita Pay, a part of 
the pay of a soldier, etc., which is held 
his discharge, or at death ; in the British Army the amount 
of deferred pay for soldiers and non-commissioned officers is 
two} 
paid annually. Deferred Shares, Stock: see quot. 1882. 
Deferred shoot: see quot. 1883. 

1651 Hospes Leviath, ut. xxxii. 198 An immediate, or 
a not long deferr'd event. oe Essex Papers (Camden) I. 
215 That no surprise might put upon y* Excellency by 
the defered hearing. 1 J. Poote Narr. Foreign Corps 
63 My first knowledge of the deferred list. 1819 SHELLEY 
Cenci v. ii. 23 "Tis my hate, and the deferred desire To 
wreak it, which extinguishes their [the cheeks’] blood. 1855 
Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 381 The effect .. of bitter regrets 
and of deferred hopes. 1882 Bitnett Counting-house Dict. 
s.v., Deferred Bonds are bonds issued by a Government or 
by a company, entitling the holder to a gradually increasin, 
rate of interest, till the interest amount to a certain specifie 
rate, when they are classed as, or are converted into Active 
Bonds. Deferred Shares are shares issued by a Trading 
Company, but not entitling the holder to a full share of the 
profits of the company, and sometimes to none at all, until 
the expiration of a specified time, or the occurrence of some 
event. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lexv., Deferred shoots, the shoots 
produced from dormant buds in the axils of bud-scales. 
1889 Whitaker's Alm. 645 Deferred pay is an additional 
payment of £3 per annum made to all non-commissioned 
officers and soldiers on discharge who have fulfilled certain 
conditions. 

Deferrer (d/fara1).  [f. Derer v.1 + -EK!.] 
One who defers ; a delayer, postponer. 

1552 Hutoet, Deferrer, cunctator. 1 Wittock Let. to 
Crossraguel in Keith Hist. Ch. Scotl. App. 198 Quhilk of 
both is the Differrer of the Caus? a@1637 B. Jonson tr. 
Horace’s Art Poetry 245 A great deferrer, long in hope, 
grown numb With sloth, yet greedy still of what's to come. 
1880 G. Merepitn 7'rag. Cort, xiv. (1892) 200 One of those 
delicious girls in the New Comedy .. called ‘The Postponer, 
‘The Deferrer, or, as we might say, ‘The To-Morrower. 

Deferring (difarin), vd/. sb. [f. Dever v.! 
+-InG1.] The action of the verb DeFrER!; de- 
laying, postponement. 

14.. Lypc. Temple of Glas 1206 Abide awhile .. Let no 
sorow in pin herte bite For no differring. 1583 Stusses 
Anat. Abus. 1, (1882) 9 This deferring of iustice is as 
damnable before God. 162x Br. Hatt Heaven upon Earth 
§ 6 After all these friuolous deferrings, it [sinne] will returne 
vpon thee. 1633 Eart Mancu. Ad Mondo (1636) 112 By 
deferring wee presume upon that we haue not, and neglect 


that we haue. 

Deferri (d?farin), Af/. a.. [f. Derer v.1 
+-ING 2.] at defers ; putting off, delaying. 

€ 1565 Linpgsay (Pitsc.) Chron, Scot. (1728) 105 Gave them 
a differring answer which was little to effect. 

Defe'rring, #//. 4." [f. Derer v.2 + -1NG 2, 
Manifesting deference ; deferential. 

x8ag S. ‘Turner //ist. Eng. 1V. 11. xxvii. 198 The language 
of very deferring but of rather strong affection. 

+ Defe'rve, v. Ols. rare. [ad. L. déferviére to 
boil down, boil thoroughly, f. Dx- I. 3 b + fervere 
to boil.] To boil down. 

1420 Pallad. on Hush, xi. 485 Defrut, carene .. Of must 
is made ; Defrut of defervyng Til thicke, 

Defervesce (défaive's), v. [ad. L. défervésceve 
to cease to boil, cool down, f. Dr- I. 6 +/ervéscere, 
inceptive of fervére to be hot.] intr. To cool down. 

Sat, Rev. Med fhe The pamphlet .. has experi- 
= thé fate incidental to effervescent things—it has de- 

Defervescence (difaive'séns). [f. L. défer- 
véscent-em DEFERVESCENT: see -ENCE, 

1. Cooling down; abatement of heat. 

17ar Baitey, Defervescence, a growing cool, an abating. 
1775 in Asn. Hence in mod. Dicts. 

2. Path, The decrease of bodily temperature 
which accompanies the abatement of fever or 
feverish symptoms ; the period of this decrease. 

(Introduced in German (de ore gm by Wunderlich.) 

1866 Brarruwaite Retrospect of Med. LIM. 14 The height 
of the fever was reached on mber 31st..after this defer- 


1880 Cornh. Mag. Feb. 183 His he jises as 
such with respectful deferentiality. 1846 Gentlem. Mag. 
cited in Worcester for deferentially. 1848 C, Bronte 
F. Eyre vii. (1873) 61 These ladies were deferentially received 


went on gradually. x1 H. C. Woon Therap. 
(1879) 145 It is evident hus, sone of these 
Wanderlich's the drug was given about the time natural 
defervescence would be expected to occur, 1877 Roberts 


over to be paid at © 


DEFIANCE. 


pars Med. (ed. 3) 1. 78 O 7 
quite irregular in its progress. 
+ serexve'scency. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ENCY.] 
3 ER, wee. Exemp. v. § 20. 155 After a long 
tine hey ae abated A a defervescency in holy actions. 
1684 tr. t's Merc. Compit. vi. 160 A Loosness, which 
follows in the defervescency of a Fever. 
escent (difaive'sént), a. and sb. [f. 

L. défervéscent-em, pr. pple. of dzfervéscére to Dz- 
FERVESCE.] ‘That which can reduce fever and 
high temperature, as cold and bloodletting’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). 

Defesance, Defese, etc., obs. ff. DEFEASANCE, 
DEFEASE, etc. 

Defet, var. of Derrir a. Ods., wasted. 

Defete, -fette, obs. forms of Drrzar sé. and v. 
+ Defeu'd. nonce-wd. [f. DE-+FruD: on some 
mistaken analogy, such as sfite, despite.] = Feud. 

1648 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 22 If the commanders were 
all at defeud one amongst the other. 


: see De- II. 1. 
Defeysance, obs. form of DEFEASANCE. 
Deff(e, obs. forms of Dear. 
D it, a. Her. Obs.-° [F. défait, in OF. 
desfait, deffait, undone, deprived, etc.] 


lw def . 
y deter 


| 1927 Batey vol. II, Deffait, is used to signify the Head 
of 4 Bt af apite 


nce a day; to men in the reserve force the amount is | 


| anoder callenge hym k 


day. ¢ Lyne. 
| to Cin, te his mysgovernau! 


t cut off smooth, the same as Decapité. 1 
Cuamsers Cycl., Deffait or Decapité, a cae used ra 
French heralds. 

ffame, Deffawte, obs. ff. DeFame, DEFAULT. 

Deffayt, deffete, obs. forms of DEFEAT. 

Deffe, var. of Darr sé., fool, — 

1482 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 315 Yf any her dysspysse 
‘e or horson, or deffe. 

Deffence, Defform, etc.: see DEFENCE, etc. 

Deffer, var. of Dever Ods., duty. 

Defference, obs. form of DIFFERENCE, , 

Defity, erron. form of DEFTLY, 

ed: see DEAFHEAD. 

Defiable (difaiib’l), 2.1 rare. [f. Dery v.! + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being defied ; + defiant. 

1874 M. & F. Cotuins Frances 1. 14 Oh! I think he’s 
rather a defiable young gentleman, : 

+ Defi‘able, a.2 Obs. rare—'.  [f. Dery v.2 + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being digested ; digestible. 

a 1450 /ysshynge bs a an Angle (1883) 2 And ete norysch- 
ing metes & defyabul. 

Defial (a/pi-al). rare. [In ME., a. OF. defiaille 
(13-14th c. in Godef.), f. defier to Dery: see 
-AL 5. In modern use perh. directly from the Eng. 
verb: cf. denial.) = DEFIANCE. 

1470 Harvinc Chron. civ. iv, He helde the felde and 
kyng ad warred, And letters sent hym, defyals and 
vmbrayde, Of hys suraunce and othe. 1793 W. Taytor tr. 
Goethe's Iph. in Tauris Note 119 This d is not a Gothic 
and misplac’d idea. 1824 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. LVI. 
509 King Meliad, And Danayn .. took part In the defial. 
1848 W. fh. Ketty tr. L. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. 11. 267 Abuse, 
which he met with lofty defial or silent contempt. 

Defiance (d/faiins). Forms: 4 defye-, 5 
defy-, diffi-, diffye-, dyffy-, 5-6 defi-, deffy- 
aunce, 6 diffyans, diffi-, defyance, 5— defiance. 
[a. OF. defiance, deff-, desf-, the action of defying 
= Pr, desfiansa, OSp. desfianza, It. disfidansa :— 
Romanic *disfidantia, f. disfidare, med.L. diffidare : 
see Devry v.Land-ance. Mod.F. défiance in sense 
of ‘distrust’ appears to be influenced by L. difi- 
dentia distrust : see DirFIDENCE.] ? 

+1. Renunciation of faith, allegiance, or amity ; 
declaration of hostilities. Ods. 

cr K. Alis. 5545 Alisaunder the wryt behelde, And 
saugh therinne thretyng belde, And defyeaunce, the thrid 

in. Poems 92 (Mitz.) Arbachus .. sent 

f Mekal de tier tars wade 

layne defyaunce. ¢1 ‘elusine 350 lete ea 
lettre of dciyeunce of wiktheh the tenour foloweth. 1 
Lp. Berners /roiss. 1. xxxiv. 48 That who soeuer wolde 
any hurte to other, shuld make his defyance thre dayes 
before = Rago et tony ere (1847) 231 
Spaine e the ith Eng! and t y 
which of all kindes of defi is most rep tyres! 
least reputation .. the most honourable is with trumpet and 
herald to proclaime and denounce the warre by publicke 
defiance. 1649 Miron cme of Kings a 2 The 
whole — league rai open war agai arles 
the Fifth .. sent him a defiance, vaneupcen all faith and 
allegiance toward him. ; an 

+b. At defiance: at enmity or hostility. Ods. 
By ing! Foxe A. & M. (1684) IIT. 574 Cleave unto God, 

at defiance with his enemies the P. . 1598 
Grenewey 7 acitus’ Ann, m1. vii. (1622) 74 The jinces at 
defiance with vs. 1634 Sir T. Hersert /7av. (1638 28 The 
two kings .. live at d » ate Weaiba €S ponws a 
pay deerely for eithers ambition. 1705 J. win Pa. 
Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 58, 1 have been ever since the sending 
of that letter .. at e with him. - 

2. The act of defying or challenging to fight ; 
a challenge or summons to a combat or contest; 
a challenge to make good or maintain a cause, 
assertion, etc. Cartel of defiance: see CARTEL and 
quots, 

Lyne. Bochas 11. Prol. (1554) 40a, Vertue on fortune 
maketh a a eotaenes. 1 Alive Mag Browns a To 
sou’ efiaunce, fyre sword ight. x, HAKS. 
Rich. 7, us iii. 130 Shall we. .send Defiance to the Praytor? 


DEFIANT. 


1639 tr. Camus’ Moral Relat. 703 Saluted by a letter of 
defiance, which marked out the houre and the place where 
he should come with a second. 1755 Jonnson, Defiance .. 
achallenge to make any impeachment good. 183 Brew- 
ster Newton (1855) 11. xv. 64 He could not dispense with 
answering .. Sir Isaac Newton ..who had given him a defi- 
ance in express terms, 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) II. 
ix. 372 To the king, the pope’s conduct appeared a defiance ; 
and as a defiance he accepted it. : 

3. The act of setting at nought; open or daring 
resistance offered to authority or any opposing 
force. 

1710 STEELE Tatler No. 98 P3 Remarkable for that Piece 
of good Breeding peculiar to natural Britons, to wit Defiance, 
a1714 Snare Wks. VI. Dis. vitt. (R.), This open and scan- 
Sale violation and defiance of his most sacred fundamental 
laws. 1883 FroupE Short Stud. 1V. 1. ix. 105 The open 
disobedience of the order.. could be construed only as 
defiance. F 

4. Phr. a. To bid defiance to: to defy, declare 
hostility to; to brave, set at nought; so /o se¢ at 
defiance. 

162x Burton Anat. Mel. 11. iii. 111. (1676) 210 He set her 
[Fortune] at defiance ever after. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety (J.), 
‘The Novatian heresy .. bade such express defiance to apos- 
tacy. 1757 Centinel No. 34 The fire of youth... when 
agitated by any violent passion. .sets everything at defiance. 
1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. 11, The Alps. See how scornfully 
they look down upon you, and bid defiance to the elements. 
1842 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Z7/e III. ix. 144 They 
might have set the Tories at defiance. 

b. Ln defiance of: with daring disregard of; 
setting at nought. 

I ounson Kambler No. 75 P15 He carries me the first 
dish, in defiance of the frowns and whispers of the table. 
1816 KeatINGE Trav. (1817) I. 15 Clung to .. in defiance of 
reason and sensation, 1874 GREEN Short Hist. iv. § 5. 202 
Gaveston .. was beheaded in defiance of the terms of his 
capitulation. 

+5. Declaration of aversion or contempt ; rejec- 
tion. Obs. rare-}, 

.1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. in. i. 143 Such a warped slip of 
wildernesse Nere issu’d from his blood, Take my defiance, 
Die, perish. 

' +6. Distrust. Ods. rare—'. [=mod.F. défiance.] 

1662 Pepys Diary 6 Jan., Major Holmes .. I perceive, 
would fain get to be free and friends with my wife ; but I 
shall prevent it, and she herself hath a defyance against him, 

Defiant (d/feiant), 2. [a. F. défiant, OF. des-, 
deff-, defiant, pr. pple. of desfier, défier : see DEFY 
and -ant, App. quite of modern use.] 

1. Showing a disposition to defy; manifesting a 
spirit of defiance. 

1837 Brypces cited in WorcesTER. 1840 CARLYLE //evoes 
(1858) 289 The man’s heart that dare rise defiant .. against 
Hell itself. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 11. xi. 510 The defiant 
attitude which she had assumed. 1863 Gro. Evior Romola 
u. viii, She had started up with defiant words ready to burst 
from her lips. i 

|| 2. Feeling distrust. [=mod.F, défant.] 

1872 Lever Ld. Kilgobbin xv. (1875) 98 He was less defiant, 
or mistrustful. 

Defiantly (défi-antli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a defiant manner; with defiance; daringly. 

1859 Hatuiwett Lvid. Chr. 150 The early Christians .. 
defiantly neglected the polytheistic worship. 1874 GREEN 
Short Hist, viii. § 3. 487 Buckingham .. stood defiantly at 
his master’s side as he was denounced. 

Defi‘antness. vave. [-Ness.] The quality 
of being defiant. 

1872 Gro. Etior Middlem. \xi, He answered ., speaking 
with quick defiantness, 

+ Defi‘atory, «. Ods. rare—'. [f. Dery v.', 
after words like commend-atory.] Bearing or 
conveying defiance. 

Suetrorp Learned Disc. 276(T.) The letters defiatory 
of Achmet to Sigismund the Third. 

Defibrinate (défei-brincit), v. . [f. Dx- IT. 1+ 
Fiprin + -ate5.] ¢vans, To deprive of fibrin. 
Hence Defi-brinated Z//. a.; Defibrina‘tion, 

the process of depriving of fibrin. So Defi‘brinize 
v. [see -1ZE] = DEFIBRINATE. 

1845 G. E. Day tr. Simon’s Anim. Chem. 1. 249 Density of 
defibrinated blood. 1880 Nature XXI. 453 On diluting the 
fresh blood. .and exposing it after rapid defibrination. 188 
G. F. Dowpeswett in ¥rn/. Microsc. Sc. Jan. 160, I have 
not found it necessary to defibrinate the blood. 1883 Syd, 
Soc, Lex., Defibrinize, 1885 Oaitvir, Defibrinize. 

+ Deficience (dtiifens), Obs. [ad. late L. 
déficientia, f. déficient-em DEFICIENT; see -ENCE.] 
The fact of being deficient ; failure, want, defi- 
ciency. 

1605 Bacon Adv, Learn, u1, ii. § 4,11 In these kindes of 
vnperfect Histories I doe assign no deficience, 1641 Lp. J, 
Dicey Sf, iz Ho, Com. 19 Jan. 20 The deficience of Parlia- 
ment hath bin the Causa Causarum of all the Mischiefs. 
1667 Mitton P. LZ. vit, 416 Thou in thy self art perfect, and 
in thee Is no deficience found. 1762-71 Wisc Vertue's 
Anecd. Paint, (1782) V. 2 Want of colouring is the capital 
deficience of prints. 1784 Jounson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 
ro Mar., Imputing every defici to criminal] neglig: 

Deficiency (difi-fénsi). [f. as prec. ; see-Ency.] 
1. The quality or state of being deficient or want- 
ing; failure; want, lack, absence ; insufficiency, 

1634 E. Knott Charity maintained v. § 9 The Doctrine of 
the total deficiency of the visible Church, which ,. is main- 
tained by divers chief Protestants. 1646 Str T. Browne 
Pseud. ¢. iv. v. 188 Scaliger finding a defect in the reason 
of Aristotle, introduceth one of no lesse deficiency himselfe. 
1767 BLacksToNE Comm. II, 246 Escheats ., arising merely 


135 


upon the deficiency of the blood, whereby the descent is 
impeded, 1793 Beppors Math. Evid. 62 We may make up, 
by continued attention, for their deficiency of original acute- 
ness. 1797 M. Bai.tir A/ord. Anat. Pref., Patients often 
explain very imperfectly their feelings, partly from the 
natural deficiency of language. 1865 Grote Plato I. i. 83 
‘These particles might be in excess as well as in deficiency. 

b. with aand f/.; An instance of this condition ; 
something wanting ; a defect, an imperfection, 

1664 H. More A/yst. /nig. 116 That there is a deficiency in 
the Merits of Christ. 1664 Power xf, Philos, 1. 53 They 
discover the flaws and deficiencies of the latter. 1736 Burt- 
LER Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874 I. 92 Nature has endued us with 
a power of supplying those deficiencies, by acquired know- 
ledge. 1817 J. Scort Paris Revisit. (ed. 4) 184 The battle 
.. proved the existence of a deficiency in the latter quarter. 
1828 D'Israett Chas. J, I. vii. 168 This consciousness of 
his own deficiencies is an interesting trait in his character. 
1853 J. H. Newman /ést, Sh. (1876) I. 1. iii. 127 Where art 
has to supply the deficiencies of nature. 

e. Math. Defictency of a curve: the number by 
which its double points fall short of the highest 
number possible in a curve of the same order. 

1865 CayLey Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 1. No. iii, It will be 
convenient to introduce the term ‘ Deficiency’, viz. a curve 
of the order with 4(%—1)(#—2) — D double points, is said 
to have a deficiency = D. 1893 Forsytu Vheory of Func- 
Zions 356 The deficiency of a curve is the same as the class 
of the Riemann surface associated with its equation. 

d. The amount by which the revenue of a state, 
company, etc. falls short of the expenditure; a de- 
ficit ; hence deficiency act, bill, law (i.e. one to meet 
such a deficiency) ; the amount by which the assets 
of a debtor fall short of his liabilities ; hence de/- 
ctency account, statement, 

2. attrib. 

1719 W. Woop Surv. Trade 168 A considerable Sum of 
Money arising by the Deficiency Law. 1887 Daily News 
26 Oct. 6/8 None of the debtors have as yet filed deficiency 
accounts, 1887 Pal? Mall G. 30 Nov. g/t The bankrupt 
was then questioned upon his deficiency statement. 

Deficient (d/fi:fént), a. and sé. [ad. L. def- 
cient-em, pr. pple. of déficere to fail, orig. to undo, 
do away, take oneself away, leave, forsake; f. Dr- 
I. 6 + facére to make, do. Cf. mod.F, déficient 
(1754 in Hatzf.).] A. adj. 

1, Wanting some part, element, constituent, or 
characteristic which is necessary to completeness, 
or having less than the proper amount of it ; want- 
ing or falling short 7 something ; defective. 

1604 Suaks. O¢h. 1, iii. 63 Being not deficient, blind, or 
lame of sense. 1632 Lirncow 7vav. A iv, Howsoever the 
Gift, and the Giver be deficient. 1651 ‘IT’. Rupp Euclide 
A iv, The [Manuscript] Copie, in many places, was deficient. 
1659 O. WALKER Oratory 32 Latine words (where our lan- 
guage is deficient) Englished. 1663 CowLry Disc. Govt. 
O. Cromwell (1669) 74 In the point of murder .. we have 
little reason to think that our late Tyranny has been deficient 
to the examples .. set it in other Countreys. 1713 STEELE 
Englishman No. 19. 121 We find our selves deficient in any 
thing else sooner than in our Understanding. 1758 JoHNSON 
Idler No. 72 ® 1 Mencomplain .. of deficient memory. 1861 
Fro. NicutincaLe Nursing 5 The best women are wofully 
deficient in knowledge about health. 1891 Law Times 
XCII. 94/1 Milk which on analysis proved to be deficient 
in fatty matter to the extent of about 33 per cent. 

+b. Gram. =DeEFEcTIVE a.5. Obs. ec. Arith. 
Deficient number: a number the sum of whose 
factors is less than the number itself. d. Geom. 
Deficient hyperbola: a cubic curve having only one 
asymptote. +e. J/ws. Applied to any interval di- 
minished by a comma. Odés. 

_ 1727-5 Campers Cyci., Defective, or Deficient Nouns, 

in grammar. Lbid., Deficient Hyperbola, Lbid., Deficient 

numbers .. Such, e.gr.is 8; whose quota parts are, 1, 2, and 

4; which, together, only make 7. 1753 /d7d., Supp. s.v. 

ers beat Limma of the Greek Scale, or deficient Semi-tone 
ajor. 

2. Present in less than the proper quantity ; not 
of sufficient force; wholly or partly wanting or 
lacking ; insufficient, inadequate. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biond:'s Eromena 14 Meere conjec- 
tures were deficient because the meanes (whereby to con- 
jecture) were wanting, 1663 CowLry Diésc. Govt. O. Crom- 
well (1669) 70 If I should say, that personal kind of courage 
had been deficient inthe man. 1748 Anson's Voy. 111. iv. 333 
Apprehensions that our stock of water might prove deficient. 
1856 Emerson Exg. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 109 Hallam 
is uniformly polite, but with deficient sympathy. 188 Max- 
WELL Lkectr. §& Magn. 1. 40 The quantity of fluid which 
would be required to saturate it is sometimes called the De- 
ficient fluid. 

+3. Deficient cause: that ‘deficience’, failure 
to act, or absence of anything, which becomes the 
cause or negative condition of some result. Ods. 

The conception and the phrase (causa deficiens) appear 
first in St. Augustine, in his discussion of the origin of 
evil and of God’s relation to it, and are connected with his 
doctrine that evil being nothing positive, but merely a defect, 
could have no efficient, but only a deficient cause. It was 
also used by Thomas Aquinas fab istinguished the phy- 
sical sense of the phrase from the moral); in English it 
came into vogue during the Calvinistic-Arminian contro- 
versy in 16-17th c., in reference both to the origin of evil 
and to the reprobation of the wicked. Cf. Derective a. 6, 

(Sr. Aucust. De Civ. Dei xu. vii, Nemo igitur querat 
efficientem caussam malz voluntatis, non enim est efficiens, 
sed deficiens; quia nec illa effectio est, sed defectio; de- 
ficere namque ab eo quod summum est, ad id quod minus 
est, hoc est incipere hab: it 1 

rs8r J. Bett Haddon’s Answ, Osor, 204 And hereof 


DEFIGURE. 


commeth the destruction of the reprobates. .y* efficient cause 
wherof consisteth truely in every of their own corruption, 
but the cause deficient in the will of God. 1598 BarcKLry 
Felic. Man (1631) 666 It [the cause of evil and sin] is no 
efficient but a deficient cause. 1658 Womock Z-ram. Tilenus 
4o There are sins of omission .. and if the deficient cause in 
things necessary be the efficient, you know to whom such sins 
are to be imputed. 1677 Gar Crt. Gentiles 1. 11. vi. § 3. 380 
As for moral evil he [God] is not the author or cause thereof 
as it is evil: because moral evils as such have no efficient 
cause but only deficient. 1678 /d7¢, 1v. 111. vi. 195 Gods con- 
curse is neither the efficient nor deficient cause of sin. 

+4. Failing, fainting; of or pertaining to swoon- 
ing. Ods. 

1605 Suaxs. Lear iv. vi. 23 Ile looke no more, Least my 
braine turne, and the deficient sight Topple downe headlong. 
1632 Lirucow 7rav. x. 438 A..giddy headed Foole, (full 
of deficient Vapours). 

+B. sb. Obs. 

1, Something that is wanting, or absent where it 
should be present. b. The want or absence of 
something ; a deficiency. 

1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon’s Adv. Learn. Pref. 23 To set 
down more than the naked Titles, or brief Arguments of 
Deficients. 1660 SuHarrock Vegetables 1 Lord Bacon .. 
reckons it among the Deficients of Natural History. 1686 
Witpine in Collect, (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 1. 263 To y* mercer 
for deficients to my new suit. 

2. Gram. A defective noun. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 25 Like the Que Genus in the 
Grammer, being Deficients, or Redundants, not to be 
brought under any Rule. | : 

3. A person who fails to do what is required ; 
a defaulter, 

1697 Col, Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 521 Y° Collectors had neither 
brought in the Monies they had Received, nor y? names of 
the deficients. 1719 Ayr Presbyt. Rec. in Ch. Life Scot. 
(1885) I. i. 22 note, The deficients have all engadged to doit. 

Defi‘ciently, ev. [f. prec. + -1y%.] In a 
deficient manner; defectively, insufficiently. 

1702 Ecuarp /ccd. Hist, (1710) 279 After she had sacrificed 
many of her gallants who were too deficiently serviceable to 
her. 1818 Toop, Deficiently, in a defective manner. 

Deficile, obs. var. of DIFFICILE a, 

+ Defi‘cious, a. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. L. aep- 
cére to fail; cf. DEFIcIENT.] Deficient, lacking. 

isgo-r Evyor /mage Gov. 6 Because they have been so 
deficiouse of knowlage, 

Deficit (defisit, dzfisit).  [a. F. dficrt (1690 in 
Hatzf.), a. L. déefictt ‘it is wanting, there is want- 
ing’ (from déficére : see DEFICIENT), formerly used 
in inventories, etc., to designate things wanting. ] 

A falling short, a deficiency ; the amount by which 
asum of money, or the like, falls short of what 
is due or required; the excess of expenditure or 
liabilities over income or assets. 

1782 Gentl. Mag. LII. 122/1 The deficit in the accounts of 
men entrusted with public employment, _1787'T’. JEFFERSON 
Writ. (1859) II. 209 They see a great deficit in their revenues, 
1817 Bentuam Parl. Ref. Catech. (1818) 75 In congress, 
where, in the very last year, there was a surflus .. instead 
of a deficit, as here. 1861 Muscrave Sy-roads 215 The 
hardier sex was compelled to make good the deficit arising 
from the withdrawal of female exertion. 1879 H. Fawcetr 
in 19th Cent. Feb. 194 (Government of India) Deficits have 
been repeatedly recurring, and debt has been steadily and 
surely accumulated. 

De fide: see Dr I. 4. 

Defie, obs. form of Dery v. and sé. 

Defied (d/foid), 2A/. a. [f. Dery v.1 + -Ep.] 
Treated with defiance, challenged, braved. 

1816 Byron Stanzas to Augusta (1.) vi, There’s more in 
one soft word of thine Than in the world’s defied rebuke. 

Defier (défeisar). [f. Dery v.1 + -Er!,] One 
who defies, challenges, or braves. 

1585 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy, Turkie w. xiii. 
126 Zatasnicis, which signifieth .. defyers of men, for that 
every one of them are bounde to fight agaynst tenne. 1612 
Two Noble K.v. i. 120,1am.. To those that boast, and have 
not, a defyer. 1703 RowE Ulyss. v.i, This Defier of the 
Gods. 1826 Miss Mitrorp V2d/age Ser. u. (1863) 372 The 
girls,.more sturdy defiers of heat, and cold, and wet, than 
boys themselves, 

+ Defiguration (défigiiira'-fon). Obs, [n. of 
action from med.L, défigiirare to disfigure, f. Dr- 
I. 6 + figtrare to figure, fgiira figure; cf. F, dé 
Jigurer.) The action of disfiguring; marring the 
figure or appearance (of a thing); disfigurement. 

1585 T, Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie u. iii, 73 b, 
By such defiguration they do shew very horrible. 1628 
Bp. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 30 These traditions are defigur- 
ations and deformations of Christ exhibited. 1830 Lamn 
Lett. (1837) 11, 263 A certain personal defiguration in the 
man-part of this extraordinary centaur. 

+ Defi: e, v.1 Obs. [a, OF. defigurer (12th 
c.), var. of des-, deffigurer, mod.F, défigurer :—late 
L. and Rom. disfigiirare to DisricuRe.] An early 
synonym of DISFIGURE, 

1340 Hampote Px. Consc, 2340 Horribely defygurd thurgh 
syn. 14.. Eng. Misc. (Warton Club) 24 Thow art defygurt, 
thi eyne beth depe hollowed. 

+ Defigure (difigit), 0.2 Os. [f, Drs 1.3 + 
Fiaure v. (cf. depict, delineate).] 

1. trans. To represent by a figure or image; to 
figure, delineate. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 114/2 To be.. 
defigured or portraitede in woode, 1631 WEEVER Azc. 
Fun, Mon, 844 Two stones as they are here defigured. 


2. Ag. To represent symbolically, symbolize. 
As. Seous Trav. or By this. they the 


+ ov Obs. vere, To be or become stupid ; 
= dialectal dale: see Darr v, 


Boftinde (lek To défil, neutre, stupére, 
(defla'd), sd, Fortif. [f, Deriur 2.3 
+-apE, Deéfilade in ¥F, ap’ not to have this 
sense, but only to be related to DeriLe v.2) = Dr- 
PILEMENT %, : 
mige 2: S, Macautay Piedad Portit 105 The object of de- 
filade is so to regulate the relief of the parapets or covering 
masses, that the defenders may be perfectly screened by 
them from the view of the enemy, /ééd, 111 Tt often hap- 
pens, .that a single plane of defilade would give too great a 
relief, 1855 Porrtock in Aneyed. Brit, 1X, 8o1/2 It is len 
ferable to excavate behind the parapet, whenever the defilade 
requires so great an increase of height, 1879 Cassed/'s 
Techn, Kadue. u. 106 The various practical operations that 
are gone through to ascertain how much the parapets 
should be raised to obtain cover, are called defilade. 

Defilade (defila-d), v. Forté [f. Dermane 
sé,; answering to mod.F, défiler, DeriLe v8) To 
arrange the plan and profile of fortifications, so 
that their lines shall be protected from enfilading 
fire, and the interior of the works from plunging 
or reverse fire (Stocqueler AU?. Encyc/.). Hence 
Defila'ding w4/. sd. 

1828 J. M. Sreanman Brit, Gunner ~ 2) 217 When 
a work is commanded by a height in front, the interior 
must be defiladed by elevating the parapet to such a height, 
that a line of fire from. .the hill, .may be every where at least 
eight feet above the terre-plein of the work, /4éd¢, 218 When 
a work is commanded in reverse, the parapet or traverse 
must be high enough to defilade the defenders of the ban- 
aette opposite the height. 1830 E. S. N. Camrsent Dict. 
Mil, Se. sv. Defilement, The operation .. called Defile- 
ment, or Defilading, is of two kinds, in altitude and in 
direction, 1851 J.S. Macautay Field Fertif, 297 Proof that 
the detilading operations have been incorrectly executed, 

Defile (df foil, d/fai-l), 56.1 Formerly 7-9 defilé, 
8 defilee. [a. F. déf/é (17th c.), ppl. sb. from 
défiler to Devries v2: the final -¢ was formerly 
often made -e¢ in Eng., but being generally written 

¢ without accent, has come to be treated as ¢ mute, 
the word being identified in form with DEFILE et 

1. AGI. A narrow way or rage along whic 
troops can march only by files or with a narrow 
tront; es. (and in ordinary use) a narrow pass or 
gorge between mountains. 

a. defild, defilee. 

1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2064/2 They repassed the Defilés on 
the side of the Moras. 1698 T. Frocer } ey, 62 They are 
surrounded with high Mountains; so that one cannot enter, 
or go out, but thro’ a Deféé or narrow Passage. p01 Loma. 
Gaz. No. 3723/2 In a Detilee between a great Moras and the 
River Adige. 1720 Ozets Vertot’s Rom, Rep. UL. xiv. 340 
He was seized in the Defilees of those Mountains. 1796-7 
Instr. & Neg. Cavalry (1813) 259 The Regiment. passes 
a defilé, and forms in line of divisions. 1830 E.S. N. Camr- 
wece Dict, Mil, Sc, Defilé, 

B. defile, 

1686 Lond, Gaz. No, 2161/1 A Valley, to which there was 
ho passage but by a very narrow Defile. 1719 De For 
Crusoe 1. xx. 353 A long narrow Defile or Lane, which we 
were to pass to get through the Wood. 1776 Ginson Deed. 
& #1. xiv. 437 Constantine had taken post in a defile about 
half a mile in breadth, between a steep hill and a deep 
morass. 1818 Byron Ch. /far, tv. lxii, By Thrasimene’s 
lake, in the defiles Fatal to Roman rashness. 1860 TyxpaLt 
Glac. \. xx, 139 [The glacier] squeezes itself through the 
narrow defile at the base of the Riffelhorn. 

2. The act of defiling, a march by files. (Also 
as Fr., aéfilé.) 

1835 in H. Greville Diary 65 (Stanf.) In the Place Ven- 
ddme, where the Kir placed hineatt os the aéflé of the 
t 3880 C. E. Norton Chtercvdduild. Mid. Ages m1. 
roo She watched the defile t h her narrow and em- 
battled streets of band after band of the envoys. 


Deficle, 8.2 Fort rare. [f. Derme v.35) 
The act of defilading a fortress. 

1864 in Weasrer. 

Defile (dfirl), vt Also 5-6 defyle. [An 
altered form of defoul, defotl, by association with 
Fits v Derovt, orig. a. OF. defowder ‘to trample 
down, oppress, outrage, violate’, had, by the 14th 
©, come to be associated with the Eng. adj. fou, 
and, in accordance with this, to be used in the 
sense ‘ pollute’; in this sense Eng. had already the 
native verbs defo and defile, also fow! and Ale (the 
— a —— deriv, of OE, fiiZ, foul); 

the example of these synonymous pairs appears 

to have led to the similar use of defile beside afoul. 
What share, if any, the variant dé/oé? had in the 
process does not appear.) 

+1. fans. To bruise, maul: ef. Derout v. Oéds. 

© 1400 Kone. Rose (C) 7317 Men ne may... Tearen the wolfe 
out of his hide, Till he be slaine backe and side, Though 
men him beat and all defile [Fr. ¥a tant n° iert daius ne 
torchies, Rime ‘beguile "). 

2. To render (materially) foul, filthy, or dirty; 
to pollute, dirty; to destroy the purity, cleanness, 


er clearness of. 


136 


shuldest thou dyppe me in y® myre, & myne owne clothes 
thulde dotsia me. wisp Lavan 0 Serm, bef. Edw, VI 
Arb.) 16: evyll ie that defiles Sans 
. in li 1 


Pyer ig. Lett. Ser. 1 1 


bottom, w troubles defiles them, 1887 STEVENSON 
1, xxx, 63 While I defile the dinner plate. 

Jig. 1885 Prescorr Philip //, 1. u. iii. 182 The stain of 
sig longer defiled the hem of her garment. 

8. To render morally foul or polluted ; to destroy 
the ideal panty of; to ay taint, sully. 

e13ag (see Deriten). cxqgo Pol. Kel. & L. Poents (1866) 104 
lam. .defyled with syne. Carcrave Chron. 63 Domician 
.. was. . in his last 3eres al defiled wit3 vices, 1526-34 TinpaLe 
Mark vii.15 Thoo thinges which procede out of him are those 
which defyle the man. 1585 7'ract in St Ecel. Mem. U1. 
App. xliv. 126 Oh! miserable England, defiled with bloud 
by the Pope’s sword! 16, . Srinuincrieet (J.), God requires 
rather that we should die than defile ourselves with im- 
nieties. 1747 Buren Serm, Wks. 1874 II, 302 Christianity, 
ree from the superstitions with which it is defiled in other 
countries. 1875 Jowrrr Plato (ed. 2) V. 167 The best things 
in human life are liable to be defiled and perverted. 

+4. To violate the chastity of, to deflower; to 
debauch. O6s, Cf. DEFouL 4. 

ay Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 5 She wold not be defy- 
lyde With spot or wem of man. 1§30 Pasar, 509/2, I defyle, 

ravysshe a mayden of her maydenheed, Ye wiole..God 
defende that I sholde defyle her, and she a ma den, 1556 
Aurelio & Isad. (1608) Hj, She that .. hathe lever to dey 
than to be defilede, 1611 Bintx Gen. xxxiv. 2 Shechem the 
son of Hamor .. tooke her, and lay with her, and defiled 
her. 1718 Prior Sodomon in, 453 The husband murder'd, 
and the wife defil’d. 1769 Buackstone Come, iv. 208 It 
must. .appear, that she was afterwards married, or defiled. 

5. To violate the sacredness or sanctity of; to 
desecrate, profane. 

ICf. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 335 And pat bis haly 
place be fyled.) ?axgoo Wycli/'s Wycket (1828) 2 The 
armes of hyme shall stonde, and shall defyle the sanctuarye. 
1535 CoveRDALE 2 Chrow. \xxvi. 14 (They) dyfyled the 
house of the Lorde. — 1611 Dinix Ned, xiii. 29 The y have 
defiled the priesthood. 1683 Burnet tr. More's Utopia 
(1684) 144 Those that defile the Marriage-Bed. 

b. To render ceremonially unclean. 

1535 Coverpae Lev. xi. 44 Ye shal not defyle youre 
selues on eny maner of crepynge beest. 1611 Bite Lev. 
xxii. 8 That which dieth of it selfe..hee shall not eate to 
defile himselfe therewith. — YoA xviii. 28 They themselves 
went not into the ludgement hall, lest they should be defiled. 
188a F. M. Crawrorp Mr, /saacs i, It is a criminal offence. . 
for a non-Hindu person to defile the food of even the lowest 
caste man, 

+ 6. To sully the honour of, to dishonour. Ods. 

18: J. Beut Madden's Answ. Oser. 29 b, This foule 
mouthed Gentleman depraveth and defileth the death of 
that godly man. 1g90 Suaks. Afids, NV. ui. ii, 410 Come, 
recreant .. le whip thee with a rod. He is defil’d That 
drawes a sword on thee. — Swirt Let. Sacram. Test, 
However his character may be defiled by such mean and 
dirty hands. 

+7. adsol. To cause defilement or filth ; to drop 
excrement. Oés. 

1347 Boorne Aree. Health 4 Asses and moyles dyd defyle 
within the ne ynet of the churche. 1 Suaxs.1 Hen. LV, 
un. iv. 456 This Pitch (as ancient Writers doe report) doth 
defile ; so doth the companie thou keepest. 

+8. intr. To become foul or unclean. Oéds. 

1673 J. Carvi. Nat. § Princ. Love 79 If you do not daily 
sweep your houses they will defile. 

Defile (fail), 7.2 AL. [a. F. défiler (1648 in 
Hatzf.), f. De- 1. 6+ Ale sb., yt | 

1. éntr. To march ina line or by files ; to file off. 
Also trans/. 

170s A. R. Accomp. Officer vii. go Lest the Army being too 
long Defiling sh 7) be defe fy’ Sy it can 
form its Lines. 73a Lepiarp Se? Il. x. 303 He began 
by making the t defile, 1812 A.raminer ot Aug. 2 
T a division .. dafied om the right. 1857 H. Mi t. 
Rocks ii, 111 That long procession of being which. .is still 
defiling across the stage. 

2. trans. To traverse by files. ? Ods. 

1761-2 Hume Hist, Exg. (1806) IV. lvi. 293 He briskly 
attacked them, as they were defiling a lane. 

Defile, v.38 Fortif. rare. [a. F. défiler (14th. 
desfilher to unthread, in Hatzf.), f. dé, De- 1. 6 + 
radical part of enfiler ( =désenfiler): see ENFILE, 
Enritaps.] = DEFILADE 2, 

1864 in Weuster, and in later Dicts. 

Defiled (<itat‘d), pila. [f. Dertie v.14-Ep.] 
Polluted, sullied. 


Ma 
Car. 154 To tear out the page of the past. 
fiw Ww 
tenon H'ks, I. i defilednesse 
Ph yam ben aen ed - 
Roasrs NV 


obs. EFILE 
Defilement ! (d/filmént). [f. Dare 2.1 + 
ee act of defiling, the fact or state of 


‘Audi slit, I11. cxxxii, 97. Those sources of ceremonial 
.b, An instance of this; concer. anything that 


w. 
lements. Hr. Martineau Farrersii. 
himself from neti of the counter. aye Ee P| 
Jan., The defilements in water which are most fatal to man. 
Defi‘lement ?. 7ortif. [a. mod.F. défilement 
(1785 in Hatzf.), f. défiler: see DeFiLe v.83] The 
act or operation of yng a 
1816 in James Milit. Dict. J. M. Srrarman Brit. 
Gunner (ed. 2) 218 The banquettes and terre-pleins of ram- 
parts that are commanded, should be formed in planes 
parallel to the of defilement of the crest of the parapet. 
E. S. N. Campsete Dict. Mil. = 51 on cpeesion 
Defilement, or Defilading, is of two s, in altit 
and in direction..Defilement in Altitude is performed by 
ising the inki leine, or constructing 


a Ss Ls 


Traverses, 8 

Defiler (d/foi'lo1).  [f. Derizev.1+-zr.] One 
who defiles; also fig. of things. 

1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u. (R.), As a defyler of relygion 

polluter of their holye ceremonyes. 1580 HoLLysanp 
Treas. Fr. Tong, Corrompeur de femmes ou de filles, 
a defiler of women, a deflourer of maydes. 1607 Suaks. 
Timon ww. iii, 383 Thou bright defiler Of Himens purest 
bed. a@1719 Appison (J.), I Shall hold forth in my arms my 
much wronged child, and call aloud for vengeance on her 
defiler, 1882 SpuRGEON 77eas, Dav. Ps. cxix. 9 The world, 
the flesh, and the devil, that trinity of defilers. 

‘tion. nonce-wd. [f. De- I. 1 + L. 
fili-us son, fili-a daughter + -aTION, after affilia- 
tion.) Deprivation of a son. 

1822 Lama Elia Ser. 1. Praise Chimney-Sw., The recovery 
of the young Montagu [may] be but a soli instance 
of g fortune out of many irreparabl hopel 
defiliations, : 

i (difailin), vd/. sb. [f. DEFILE vl + 
-ING 1] e action of DEFILE v.!; defilement. 

1585 Anr. Sanpys Serwe. (1841) 67 We need not their after- 
cleansings, which in truth are defilings. 1586 J. Hooker 
Girald. Irel. in Holinshed 1. 140/2 Indignation for this 
defiling of his holie sanctuarie. 1846 Keste Lyra /nnoc. 
(1873) 38 Washed from the world and sin’s defiling. 

Defiling, #//. a. [-1xc2] That defiles. 
Hence Defi‘lingly adv. 

x Mona Cairn Wing of Asrael 1. ix. 149 It clung to 
kar eaten, as some slimy sea-weed clings. 

Definability (d/faienabi'liti), [f. next + -1Ty.] 
The quality of being definable. 

1865 Pusey Ziren. Many .. profound theologians. . 
have impugned its Sper arden g J. Grote Zxam. 
Utilit. Patios. vii. (1870) 131 legal definability of it. 

Definable (d/fai-nab’l), a2. [f Dering v. + 


| -ABLE.] Capable of being d 


@ 1660 Hammonp Wes. I. 291 (R.) Great — 


opportunities, not defineable 3 Drvpex 
Relig. Laici Pref. (Globe) 186 As if infinite were definable, 
or infinity a subject for our di ding. 


Cartyte Heroes (1858) ed 
form of Christianity. 

apart from all the definable interests of her life. 
F. Haut in Nation LVI. 45/2 Theordinary predicate, 


5-6 diffine, dyffyne, 
E., a. Anglo-F. and OF, define-r to 


| end, terminate, determine = Pr. definar; a Romanic 
> , 


lel form to L. agfinire to end, 
und (f. Dr- I. 3 +/tire to end, Frxtsn), whence 
It. definire, Sp. definir, Pr. and OF. defenir, de- 
ir. Definer, the common form in OF., is the 


Picard, but has superseded in F. by définir, 
with of transferred Wath F L. dé 
Sinire. mod. also define is in sense the 


Pre 
ite 


; 
ef 
it 
‘i 
i 


2 
i 
é 
5 
32 
& Ff 
or om 


DEFINE. 
2. To determine the boundary or spatial extent 
of; to settle the limits of. Also fig. 


b. To make definite in outline or form. (See 
also DEFINED.) 
grea te Btedlige 1 hel gb death worm - 


restraining 
4. To determine, lay down definitely; to fix, 
decide ; +to decide upon, fix upon. * 
3535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 120 All the lordis for that 


ive to be inthe king. x 
Misc. Wks. (x814) IIL. s10 The situation, ie 
of the estate cannot now be exactly 

defined. e17nt Iid. L 18 Two or thece seuss were looncly 
defined for term of my absence. 1867 E. Quixcy Life 7. 
280 He ‘ defined his position’, to use a later political 


very clearly. 5 
+b. intr. To determine, decide. Obs. 
©1374 Cuaucer Troylus wv. 362 Forthi I thus defyne age 


truste no wight to in oso 3 properte 
1g02 Hoccieve Letter of Cupid 46 
Fee oe oan _see Hace : we yow ae 


of conscience. 1612 
The vniust Indge..when 


Const. with 067. clause or simple 067.) Obs. 
sa ed awe gle se 


| perdition in you. 1867 Eng. Leadcr 15 J 


To make (a thing) 
give a character to, characterize ; 
to constitute the definition of. 


Sage Marton Teexre Kings (sts en Beg nwtady coer 
su10m Tenure Kings (1650) ss Bei y i 
ofall things that define aa i . 1875 & Drez 
ao z 


a magistrate, 
ge besasimayl gad pool sos pegs singh 


special marks or characteristics (from). rare. 
-8 W. levinc Sal/mag. xii. (1860) 20 By this is defin'd 
refinement and mind. 


The from the man of Mvr- 
cuison Silur. Syst. xxxiv. 456 It is dificult to the 
subsoil of Silurian c that of the Old Red Sandstone. 

Defined (d/fsind), gf/. a. [f. prec. + -Ep.] 


Having a definite outline or form; clearly marked. 
Also fig. 

@ 1727 Newton (J.), When the rings appeared only black 
and white, they were very distinct and well defined. 1849 
Mus. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. xxxvii 436 The central 
matter is so vivid and so sharply defined that the nebula 
might be taken for a bright star. 1852 H. Rocers Ecl. Faith 
(1853) 125 His [man’s] animal nature is more defined than 
his intellectual. 

Hence Defi‘nedly adv. 

w8ax Scorr Kenilw. xxiii, Definedly visible against the 
pure azure blue of the summer sky. 

mt (d/fsinmént). rare. [a. obs. F. 
définement (1611 in Cotgr.),in OF. de-, def-, diffine- 
ment (see Godef.) termination, end, f. OF. definer : 
see DEFINE v.] 

L Definition, description. 

t602 Suaxs. Ham. v. ii. 117 Sir, his definement suffers no 
ition i une 326 Define- 


| ment is always by the contrary. Everything is defined Ly 


for ought I kan espie Ther is no verray wele 


its contrary: night by day, dark by light. 
+2. Limitation, restriction. Oés. 


| Hextom Treat. Monarchy 1. ii. 16 This Legall Alley 
Pray bedalcoed of Power. 1644 — Vind. Treat. Monarchy 
i 


v. 27 A Civill and Legall definement of Authority. 

Definer (difins:). [f. Derise v. + -ER1.] 
One who or that which defines. 

189 Putrennam Eng. Poesie mi. xix. (Arb.) 239 margin, 
Orismus, or the Definer of difference. 1645 Mutox Colas’. 
(1851) 347 Yee see already what a faithful! definer wee have 
him. 1779-81 Jouwsox L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 127 To cir- 
cumscribe poetry by a definition will only shew the narrow- 
ness of the definer. 1847 Emenson Aefr. Men, Uses Gt. Men 
Wks, (Bohn) I. 278 A definer and map-maker of the latitudes 
and longitudes of our condition. 

i (dffai-nin), vol. sb. [-1sc1.] The 
action of the verb Derine; definition. 


384 Emerson Regr. 
Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 292 This dee is paacnehy. 


A Eliz. Persons being Bankrupt P 
ea ddies siecae Voy.m. prt ay op mos Defining, #//.c. [-1c*.] That defines. 
such men define upon other regions. .whether were | _ 1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. 17 (MS_) Defining ears, which 
inhabited or idolize The dignifying climax of thy verse. 1885 Athenzum 
6. To state exactly what (a thing) is; to set forth | 4Apr- 441/2 The various defining spheres. 
or i essential nature of. (In early nde: | _tDefi-nish,v. Obs.rarc. In 4 diffinisse,-issh. 
To state the nature or ies of, to describe.) [ad. OF. acfiniss-, diffiniss-, lengthened stem of 
©3374 Cuavcer Troylus v.271 Swych awo my witkan not | définir: see Dertsze.] trans. To define. 
ne. 1433 ilgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 72 The beaute ©1374 Cuavcer Bocth. m. x. 82 pilke goode pat pou hast 
the beter Kaowe tow the courte I wyl descryue snd mad orig sb.) Also 6 diffynite, 
it to the. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6b, | 7 definit. L. afinit-us defined, bounded, 
it is, Saynt Bernarde a cor dis- | limited, distimct, precise, pa. pple. of dfinire: 
cubynge it in this wyse. xg55 Epex Decades Pref.(Arb.)49 see DErINE. Cf. obs. F. définit, -ite (1504 in 
Cicero defineth = 6 ae alee ak gee Godef.). sf =e 
fective ne sand i gives imiteand bounds j Per rio igre phan limits ; clearly defined, 
= intellect. Whig Exam. terminate, , certain; exact, ise. (Of 
No. 4 Pr fadibras has defined nonsense (as Cowley docs material, or, more commonly, immaterial things.) 


is God’s working. x69: T. H[ate] Acc. New [event. 122 
Fe eg Qos many ae eaehM 

solna : 
ponte Git sangre pect -figpheeetnans spel ag 
nite time. 1823 Lams Zita Ser. u. Confess. Drunkard, 
Those uneasy sensations .. worse to bear than any definite 
Painsoraches. 1859 Dickens Left. (1880) IL. 85,1 must give 
some decided and defini 3860 Trxpait Glac. 1. 
xxiv. 174 A definite in many places to be 
traced. 1874 Gazen Short Hist. v. § 4. 238 Even this class 


i 
E 
SE 


ie 
Uy 


; = ee See oe 
(2622) definite as was in set 


DEFINITION. 


3727-51 in Cuameers Cycl. 1765 W. Wann Grammar 1. 
xxii 103 ‘ The’ is called the definite article. bid. 1v. ii. 152 
The verb in this character [Le infinitive) may be .. 
a nominative case, on which a definite verb depen 
L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. =) 1.68 The is called t 
nite article; because it ascertains what particular t 
things are meant: as, ‘Give me the book’. 1855 
Hindistant Gram. (12) 1% Arabic nc fi 
the definite article .. of the language 
R. Morzis Chaucer's Prol., etc. (Clar. 
33 Adjectives, like the modern Germa 
Definite and Indefinite. ‘J jefini 
definite arti a demon 
pronoun, terminates in ¥ in all 

3. Bot. a. Said of inflorescence hay 
tral axis terminated in a flower-bud w 
first, those on the lateral branches fol 


succession: also called centrifugal or rminate, 
b. Of stamens or other parts of the flower: Of a 
constant number not exceedi 

_ 1845 Lixpiey . Bo I 

is to say, ous. Tt 


Gram.: ta. A definite tens 
noting a definite thing or object. 
p = : 


S 
<> 


Definitely 4 


In a definite manner ; 


man Norm. Con: 
Normandy and Eri 
Definiteness — 
quality of being def 
1727 Bairey vol 
1837-9 Haiism 
tion, which numerical 
Jowett Pilato ed. 2) V. From 
in their language they do a great deal 3 
Definition (defini-fen). F a. 4-6 diffi- 
nicioun, etc. (with usual interchange of andy, 
5-6 -tion, etc, 6 Sr. -tioun; &. =5 defi-, 6 
defynicion‘e, 6- definition. [a. OF. a: é 
aiffinicion (also definison), ad. L. 
also in MSS. df-), n. of action ire: 
see Derixe. Cf. Pr. diff-, definmicio, Sp. deyinicion, 
It. difinizione.] 
+1 The setting of bounds or limits ; limitation, 
restriction. Ods. rare. 


question at issue; determination, decision ; 


c use. 


1851) 268 Definition is that which 
of things from the circumstance 
WL iL § 10 Definition being nothing 
d Words, what Idea the 


r 


DEFINITIONAL. 


expounds all the marks implied in the notion, _ so 
to us the nature or specific character of it. 

— § 69. 111, 1885 W. i. Daventon Laat: f Detain 

It is the object of Definiti to 

ae wey body romeo er a thing; ps gt 3 definition 
is the formal What is it?’ 

4. A precise datocant of the essential nature of 
a thing; a statement or form of words by which 


anything is defined. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. x1x. cxvi. (+495) 920 Some 
thynges haue but one dyffynycyon. ¢ 1450 tr. Imitatione 
1.i. 2, I desire more to knowe compunccion pen his diffinycion. 
1551 "T, Witson Logike 14 A definition of the substaunce is 
a speach which sheweth ~ very nature of the thing. 157% 
Dicces Pantom.u. v. M ij oh arora he . there are fiue 
sortes, as appeereth in t > Diffinitions. 1633 MaAssincer 
Guardian vy. iv, His victories but royal robberies, And his 
true definition—A Thief. 1710 Steete 7atler No. 62 P 14 
de riety of Words and Thoughts, which is Mr. Dryden's 

nition of Wit. 1758 Jonnson /dler No. 1? 4 It has been 
Sant hard to i ostie 4 man by an adequate definition, 1842 
Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 75, The old definition of force 
was, that which caused change in motion. 1864 Bowen Logic 
94 A Definition consists primarily of two parts, the Proximate 
Genus and the Specific Difference of the Concept defined. 

b. A declaration or formal explanation of the 
signification of a word or phrase. [Not recognized 


by Johnson. ] 

2a1s00 Wyclif’s Wycket Sub-Title, A verye brefe diffinition 
of these wordes, Hoc est corpus meum., 1551 T. WILSON 
Logike 14 A definition of a word is any maner of declaration 
ofa word. 1724 Watts Logic 1. vi. §2 A definition of the 


name being only a declaration in what sense the word is | 


used, or what idea or object we mean by it. 


1755 JOHNSON © 


Pref. to Dict., As nothing can be proved but by supposing | 


something intuitively known, and evident without proof, so 
nothing can be goto but by the use of words too plain to 
admit a definition. 1791 BoswELt Yohnson an. 1755 (1887) 
I, 293 The definitions have always appeared to me such . 

as indicate a genius of the highest rank. .. 
definitions must be admitted to be erroneous. 1885 W. L. 
Davipson Logic of Definition 87 No [dictionary] definition 
of ‘Gold’ will be sufficient that does not contain a reference 
to its colour, which supplies us with the distinct meaning 


olden’. 

‘&. The action of making definite ; the condition 
of being made, or of being definite, in visual form 
or outline; distinctness ; sfec. the defining power 
of a lens or optical instrument, i.e. its capacity to 
render an object or image distinct to the eye. 

1859 Reeve Brittany 137 We were content .. 
the artistic definition of the trees. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. 
xvili. 125 The stratification..was shown with great beauty 
and definition. 1878 Newcoms oly 6 Astron, U. i. 138 The 
definition of this telescope is very fine. 

b. gen. Definiteness, precision, exactitude. rare. 

1866 ArcyLt Reign Law i. (ed. 4) 8 A fallacy is getting 
hold upon us from a want of definition in the use of terms. 


6. Comd. 


1856 R. A. VauGHan Mystics (1860) 1, 209 Alas, for our | the pronominal articles, such as //is, that, any, &c. ¥ 


poor definition-cutter, with his logical scissors ! 

Defini‘tional, ¢. rare. [f. prec.+-au.] Of, 

pecan to, or of the nature of a definition. 
Atheneum 11 Sept. 329 The definitional rule j be 

ciously laid down by Mr. Hazlitt, that a proverb should 

a figurative sense, an inner sense or an approximate pe 

Definitive (d/f-nitiv),z.and sé. Forms: 4-6 
diffinityf, -inytif, -ynytif(e, 5 defynytyfe, de- 
fenytyffe, 6 dyffinatyue, definytiue, 6- - 
nitive, 7 definative, 6- definitive. [a. OF. d- 
Jjinitif, diffinitif, -ive (12th c.), ad. L. dé-, diffini- 
tiv-us, f. ppl. stem of définire : see DEFINITE.] 

A. adj. Having the function of defining, or of 
being definite. 

1. Having the function of finally deciding or 
settling ; decisive, determinative, conclusive, final : 
esp. in definitive sentence, and the like. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Doctor's T, 172 The aye answerd — 
in his absence I may not 3iue diffinityf sentence. 
Caxton Chesse m1. vi. Hvb, The theef was. .taken. aaa 
sentence diffynytif was hanged. 1523 Lp. Berners Frets: 
I. xxiv. “3 It was the acre = ay folowyng, or [=ere] 


they had aunswere dyffinat atl Sruspes Anat, Abus. 
11. (1882) 106 Maye at 2 a fadges, geue definytiue 
sentence of lyfe and m malefactors, x60r R. 
Jounson Kingd. § ree * 3) 57 Upon hearing of both 
—_— judgment definative is given, and may not be 

aled. 1688 Answ. Talon's Plea 3 Barely to say with 

efinitive Gravity, Here’s a great abuse. 1748 RicHarpson 


Clavisia (x811) I. 11 Expecting a definitive answer. x 
— Corr. (1805) I, 84 The definitive treaty is now geet 
1855 Macautay H7st. Eng. IV. 527 A jury had pronounced : 
the verdict was definitive. 

+b. ¢ransf. of persons. Obs. 

Suaks. Meas. for M.v. i. 432 Neuer craue him, we are 
definitiue..Away with him to deat! Futter Holy 
War IV. Vv. (1647) 176 a rather to be icall then 

einth 1741 RICHARDSON 
Pamela (1824) 1. 104, t oan cake you .. my adviser in this 
matter, though not, perhaps, my definitive ndge. 
ce. That settles or determines bounds or limits. 
1860 J. P. Kennepy IW. Wirt I. xiii, 164 [This] point of 
bec should lead to a just and definitive limitation of the 


. y Having the character of finali uct ; 
determinate, definite, fixed and ot Biol. 
opposed to formative or primitive, as definitive 
organs, definitive aorta. 


@ 1639 Worron (J.), [It] tit Meme the definitive sum of 
this art, to distribute usefu! pipe gracefully a well chosen 
plot. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psend, Ep. . vi, Other Authors 


A few of his 


to sacrifice | 


: 138 


write often dubiously, even in 
a strict and definitive truth, 1821 J.Q. piece y oan 
Metr. Syst. 1. (1871) S74 390) temporary system established 
by the law of 1st August, 1 ee 1791866 Daily 
established by the law of roth 


Fs 2. 30 Oct. Some days will probal Day we 
hail be able ase Be a defini lefinitive prota pe 


ae 


DEFLAGRATION. 
“1648 Gace West Ind. iti. (1655) 7 vee Provinciall 
Chapter ae , then .. is there one named by name of 
inloos, who Is So Sata tee Remes-al she 
whole Provin Chr it 1/t SF hay 
Detnitor of hie Ord Order. M rac ai ea 


Pop. Astron. m1. v. 399 A definitive orbit of the comet, 
Rotieston & Jackson Forms aA Animal Life 803 The 
primitive ovum divides; one of the cells thus produced 
grows into the definitive ovum. 


+8. Metaph. Having a definite position, but not 


occupying space: opposed to civcumscriptive. Obs. 
ii 1624 see DertNitIvELy 2.] 1657 Hosses Absurd 
Geom, Wks. VII. 385 Definitive or circumscriptive, and 
some other of your distinctions..are but snares. 1665 
Gianvitt Sceps. Sci. xiii. 73 Who is it that retains not a 
reat part of the imposture, by allowing them a definitive 
Ui which is still but Imagination? 
That makes or deals with definite statements. 

a Bee Foruersy A theom. u. ix. § 2 (1622) 296 Plutarch is 
more definitiue, and punctuall, in this point. 1862 Zi¢. 
Churchman VII1. 6/1 We should be glad to see more de- 
finitive teaching on the nature of Church Communion. 

5. That serves to define or state exactly what a 
thing is; that specifies the individual referred to; 
esp. in Gram. (Formerly used of the DEFINITE 
article, and of the Frn1tTE verb.) 

1731 Baitey vol. II, sv. Article, Definitive Article, the 
article (¢he) so called, as fixing the sense of the word it is put 
before to one individual thing. 1765 W. Warp Gram, iv. 
iv. 164 Of the verb definitive. 1800 W. Taytor in Monthly 
Mag. VIII. 797, To preserve a name of sect, which ought to 
be simply definitive, from slidin ng into a term of reproach. 
1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 231 When a noun of 
multitude is preceded by a definitive word, which clearly 
limits the sense to an aggregate with an idea of unity, it 
requires a verb... in the Singular number : as, ‘A company 
of troops was detached’. 1854 Exticott Galat. 87 The 
definitive force of the article. : 

6. Concerned with the definition of form or out- 
line. rare. 

1815 W. Tayor in Monthly Rev. LXXVI. 115 The line- 
less delicate contours of youth and bloom embarrass the 
—* skill even ofa Correggio. 

B. sé. (the adj. used e//27.) 

+1. A definitive sentence, judgement, or pro- 
nouncement. Oés. 

Hussocke A fol. /nfants Unbapt. 11 Is there no par- 
don from this general damnatorie sentence and cruell de- 
finitiue? 1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 134 Judgment is 
the definitive of him who by right commands, ‘_= or 
forbids a thing. 1804 te oft Mag. in Spirit Pub. Frais. 
(1805) VIII. 135 In spite of the Definitive, we shall have 
another battle of the 

2. Gram. A definitive ‘word. 

1751 Harris Hermes (1841) 17 Definitives. .are commonly 
called by grammarians, ‘articles,’ articuli, dp@pa. They 


| are of two kinds, either those properly . . 80 called, or ae 


H. Tooke Purley 1. 20 About the time of Aristotle, when 
a fourth part of speech was added, Pit definitive, or article. 


1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 71 As articles are b 
their nature definitives .. they cannot united with suc 
words as are .. as definite as they may be; (the personal 
pronouns for instance). 

Definitively (d/frnitivli), adv. [f. prec. + 


-LY 2.) In a definitive manner. 

1. So as to decide or settle the matter ; decisively, 
conclusively, finally, definitely. 

1 3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 12 § 2 All causes testamen- 
tarie .. shall be .. finall Ryn and Lori mr el adiudged and 
determined within the Kynges jurisdiction. 1639 GeNTILIs 
Servita’s Inguis, xxxvi. (1676) 833 Contumacious Persons 
shall be banished, either definitively, or for a - 1659 
Mitton Civil Power in Eccl. Causes Wks. (1847) 415/1 
man, no synod, no session. -can judge definitiv oe e sense 
of Scripture to another man’s conscience. 1 Hanway 
Trav, (1762) I, 11. xlii. 198, I desired he would tell me defi- 
nitively what number of men he would eS - for a guard. 
1856 Froupe /7ist, Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 132 ‘definitivel 
breaking the Spanish alliance, formed a camace with Francis I. 
1871 Biackie Four Phases i. 55 To settle definitively that 
much-vexed question, 

+2. Aetaph. So as to have a definite position, 
but not take up space : see prec. 3. Obs. 

1529 More Pala u. Wks. 188/1 Though thei be not 


ibed in -yet are thei and angels also diffini- 
tively so placed leer" thei be for the time. 1624 De Lawne 
tr, Du Moulin's Logick27 The Philosophers. .say that Bodies 
are in a place circumscriptively, and Soules definitively ; 
because les are not limited or circumscribed by p! 
and yet a man may say .. that they are here, or there, 
not els-where. 1711 tr. Werenfels’ Dise. Logom. 96. 


Defi-nitiveness. [-nxss.] The quality of 
= definitive ; determinativeness, decisiveness. 
Z ee yt i, ie outhey fn” “thoroughly En ich 
however, Mi Fecizk of 
= a convictions. | Poste Gain boy Comm, Fes} 2) 
361 The 

Derfinitize, v. rare. [f. 1 Dasma a. + -IZE.) 
trans, To make definite. 

1876 A. M. Farrsatrn in Pace phiny ao Sa Rev, June 8B Dlnck 


Church. .definitized and 
‘et then regia reer Be ad 


sat, Se ; Nov. 632 The ‘ 

Definitor (definsitd:). Also 7 diffinitor 
[a. L. définitor, agent-n. from dzfinire to DEFINE.) 
1. An officer of the chapter in certain monastic 
orders, ch with the F definition ” or decision 
of points of discipline. 


i. 194 The : saint ele a keneral 

Narbonne, and in concert with the rene 

form to the old Constitutions. 1867 R. PALMEn J ve ey P. 
—- 15 co At gl wal oakiente is governed by 


+ 2. A kind of surveying instrument: see quots. 
1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. 153 This whole Instru- 
ment.. of Horizon, Ruler, and Plummet we shall 
call our Definitor. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. $97 The 
instrument will shew the situation, distance from the center, 
and depression of any given point..below the plane of the 
dial..which instrument Is a Definitor. 
Definitude (difinitind). [f. L. définit-us, 
DerinitE, after znfinttude, multitude; see -TUVE.] 
The qua! “4 of being definite; definiteness, precision. 
1836 Sir Hamitton Study’ Math. Discuss. (1852) 275 
Destitute of the light and definitude of mathematical repre- 
sentations. 1862 Laruam Channel /si. mi. xiv. (ed. 2) 332 
Results of remarkable precision and definitude. 1875 Verrcu 
ess ee 66 There would be no definitude of leaf or 


“t “Defix (difrks), v. Ods. [f. L. défix-, ppl. 
stem of défigére to fasten down, f. Dr- I. 1 + figere 
to Frx, fasten, The early example of the pa. pple. 
appears to have been formed immed. after L. 
defix-us, with Eng. bse ra 

trans. To fasten down; to fix firmly, definitely, 
or earnestly (/i#, and fig. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 243 The spere of the mes- 
sengere defixede in to the erthe schewede a prenosticacion 
and as a begynnenge of fizhte. x: Haxvoyr Voy, 1. 1. 
= R.) They were constrained to defxe their princely seate 

habitation in that extreme 2 acpoooreape yf the mee Tl 1605 
in Dove Confut. Atheism 16 The eyes of the people will be 
defixed vpon them. 1664 H. More Afyst. /niz. 264 Those 
Ten Horns answerable to the Beast with ten Horns in 
Daniel. .seem to defix and determinate the Prophecy to that 
sense. m7 J. Goopman Penit. Pard. u. shy 13) 146 When 
a man .. defixes his thoughts, and sus; is determina- 
tion till he see plain reason to incline him this way or that. 

Hence + Defi-xed, defixt Af/. a. 

1652 GAULE Magastrom. 280 With defixed eyes and dis- 
tracted countenance. 1681 GLanviLt Sadducismus 116 In 
intent and defixed thoughts upon some. . object. 

+ Defixion (défikfon). Ods. [ad. late L. dé- 
fixion-em, n. a action f. défigére to fasten down, 
etc. (see r ec.).] Fixing, fastening. 

1660 H. More Myst. Godl.1. ix. 29 By the defixion of our 
Phansy upon what is most gross and sensible. 

De bility. rare. [f. next: 
Deflagrable quality, readiness to deflagrate. 

a 1691 Boy.e HWks. 1. 362 (R.) The opinion of the ready 
deflagrability (if I may so speak) of salt-petre. 

Deflagrable (de‘fligrib’l), a. rare. [f. L. 
déflagra-re to DEFLAGRATE + -BLE.] 

a@x69r Bovte Wks. I. 538 (R.) More inflammable and 


deflagrable. 

De: te (deflagreit), v. Physics. [f. L. dé- 
Jlagrat-, ppl. stem of dé ere to burn away, 
burn up, consume, f. Dr- I. 3 +flagrare to burn. 

1. trans. To cause to burn away with sudden 
evolution of flame and rapid, sharp combustion 
(e.g. a mixture of charcoal and nitre thrown into 


a — crucible), 

Battey vol. II, Def. ‘¢, to inkindle and burn off 
Pty a cible a Mixture of Salt or some mineral Body with 
a Sulphureous one. 1794 J. Hutton Philos. Light, de, 208 
When coal = defla, The wart with nitre, 1876 S. Aens. Mus. 
Catal, No. from this battery deflagrates 


see -ITY.] 


latinum a foot Laoag 
“2. intr. To burst into flame and burn away 
wings Pi 
‘hil. Rt? XLVI. pag ery oe nor those of 
heme io he will deflagrate or flash in Touch- , nor on 
as true Nitre will do. 1794 G. Sols 
Nae v4 Chan Philos. V1. xx. 376 Such a of 


would cause the nitre to yo co Edin. Rev. ll. 
25 Let a drop of water be eae 
instantly deflagrates with a sbeprens ‘explosion, ARLEY 
Mat. Med. 161 When thrown on the fire it di > 
Hence De-flagrated, De‘flagrating ss adjs, 


Amory Buncle (1 IV. Th en nitre 
umes the sulphur CF ~ antimon 1788 ma ie Phil. 


Givin: eflagrating quality to 
paper soaked in this Toe. 


Farapay £2. Res. xvi. 
78 A black residuum is left. .which. .when heated. .is found 
to — a. 183 Be ky Jones Convers. Chem, xxii. 
tion (deflagra ‘fn. [ad. L. ms 
gration-em, n. of action from dé, to 
FLAGRATE. Cf. mod.F, déflagration. 
+1. The rapid buming away of rates bg a de- 
structive fire ; saree bya po Obs. 


By Kine Serm. type of the deflagration of 
Solves and Gomorre. So age eg tr. Charron’s Wisd. 
Fog iv. vit, § 1 (1670) knees that greet, Getagrasion 

n Constantinople. by ane Creed (1839) cA y sup- 
poling innumerable d and di 


juges 
Sophocles Pref. to C&dipus (R.), Ti The" mothtan de vdis- 
charges its torrent erhich . carry with them di 
tion, ruin, and horror. 1811 PINKERTON Petral. 1s 
Fifeshire .. a coal-mine has continued in a state of 

ion, at least since the time of Buchanan, 1560. 1836-7 
six W. Hamitton Lect. Metaph. (1877) 11. xxxix. 381 


DEFLAGRATOR. 


see..the fall of a spark on gence: for example, fol- 
lowed by the deflagration of the gunpowder. 

+b. Of a volcano: A blazing out into flame. 

x Ray Creation 1. v. (1732) 259 The great Deflagrations 

or Eruptions of Vulcanos. | : E 
2. Physics. The action of deflagrating; rapid, 
sharp combustion with sudden evolution of flame ; 
esp. the sudden combustion of a substance for the 
purpose of peomncee some change in its com- 
position by the joint action of heat and oxygen (cf. 
quot. 1831); also, the sudden combustion and 
oxidation of a metal by the electric spark. 

1666 BoyLe Orig. Kormes & Qual., Nor were all its in- 
flammable parts consum’d at one deflagration. 1674 Pil. 
Trans. 1X. 102 The deflagration of Niter. 1706 Puituips 
(ed. Kersey), Deflagration .. In Chymistry, the inkindling 
and burning off in a Crucible a Mixture of a Salt or of some 
Mineral Body with a Sulphureous one, in order to purify 
the Salt, or to make a Regulus of the Mineral ; as in the 
preparing of Sal Prunellz and Regulus of Antimony. 1754 
Phil. Trans. XLVILL. 679 A violent deflagration arose, an 
the platina was almost instantly dissolved. 1816 J. Smitu 
Panorama Sc. & Art II. 282 Galvanic batteries .. the 
larger the plates, the greater is their power of deflagration. 
1831 T. P. Jones Convers. Chenz. xxii. 228 The metals are 
sometimes oxidized by what is called deflagration. That 
is, by mixing them with nitre, and projecting the mixture 
into a red hot crucible. 

Deflagrator (de'flagreito1), [agent-n. in L. 
form, from déflagrare to DEFLAGRATE.] An in- 
strument or apparatus for producing deflagration, 
esp. a voltaic arrangement for the production of 
intense heat. 

1824 Loner. in Life (1891) I. v. 51 The galvanick heat 
produced by Professor Hare’s deflagrator. 1827 WeEEKEs in 
Mech. Mag. VII. 425 The Safety gas deflagrator, an oxyhy- 
drogen omnes on an entirely new principle. 1876S. Aezs. 
Mus. Catal. No. 1256 Hare’s Calorimotor, or Deflagrator. 

Deflate (difizit), v. [f. L. dzfat-, ppl. stem 
of déflare, to blow away, f. Dr- I. 2 + flare to 
blow; but in mod. use the prefix is taken as Dx- 
T. 1, down, or De- II. 1.] ¢vans. To release the 
air from (anything inflated). Hence Defia‘tion. 

“4 Strand Mag. 11. 498/1 Spencer proceeds to deflate 
the balloon. 1892 Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. Aug. 229 In case 
of Wh ene the tyre is deflated. 1891 Pall Mall G. 6 Aug. 
1/3 A new patent valve, possessing the long-desired means 
for deflation as well as inflation. 

Deflect (diflekt), v. [ad. L. dzflect-cre to bend 
aside, or downwards; f. Dx- I. 1, 2 + flectére to 
bend. I. trans. 

1. To bend down. Cf. Der1EcreD 2. 

1630 Lorp Banians 72 They pray with demissive eyelids. . 
and with their knees deflected under them. 

2. To bend or turn to one side or from a straight 
line; to change the direction of; to cause to de- 
viate from its course. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed iv. v. Wks. III. 57 It would argue 
no error sometimes to deflect our course. 1845 DarwIN 
Voy. Nat. xxi. (1852) 491 The current seemed to be deflected 
upward from the face of the cliff. 1860 TristrAM G2. Sahara 
xvii, 287 The French .. will do all in their power to deflect 
the stream of commerce to a more northerly channel. 1879 
G. Prescorr Sp. Telephone 1 In 1820, Oersted discovered 
that an electric current would deflect a magnetic needle. 

b. Optics. To bend (a ray of light) from the 
straight line ; esp. to bend away from a body. 

1796 Broucuam in Phil. Trans, LXXXVI. 264 The 
first knife deflected the images formed by the second, in 
precisely the same degree that it inflected those images 
which itself formed. 1811 A. T. THomson Lond. Disf. 
(1818) p. xxxvii, When a ray of light moving in a straight 
line s within a certain. distance of a body parallel to 
its direction, it bends towards the body, or is iz/Zected 3 but 
when the body parallel to its course is at a greater distance, 
the ray is bent from it, or deflected. 1879 HaRLAN Eyesight 
iii. 36 If we look at an object through a prism, the rays of 
light coming from it are deflected. 

3. fig. (in reference to a cotrse of action, conduct, 
and the like). 

1555 Harrsrietp Divorce Hen. VITI (1878) 66 To averte 
and deflect him from this enterprise. 1620 SHELTON Quix. 
1v. ix. II. 118 Let me cleave to the Supporter from whom 
neither thy Importunity nor Threats. .could once deflect me. 
1863 KincLake Crimea I, i. 7 The personal and family 
motives which deflect the state policy of a prince who is his 
own minister, 1878 Lecky Eng. in 18th C. II. ix. 540 The 
evil of all attempts to deflect the judgment by hope or fear. 

4. To turn or convert (a thing) /o something 
different from its natural quality or use. 

1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage vit. iii. (1614) 670 That Title of 
Prestegian (easily deflected and altered to Priest John). 


ax7ir Ken Hymns Evang, Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 109 How 
God's All-wise Superintending Will To greatest Good de- 
flected greatest ill. 

II. zxtr. 


5. To turn to one side or from a straight line; to 
change its direction ; to deviate from its course. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. ii, At some parts of the 
Azores it [the needle] deflecteth not, but lyeth in the true 
meridian. 1696 Wuiston 71. Earth 1. (1722) 53 They seem 
to deflect from that great Circle in which they before were 
seen to move. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. 155 The same 
part of the Moon is turned towards the Earth, or at least 
does not deflect much from it. 1879 R. H. Etrior Written 
on Foreheads 11.6 Then deflecting a little to their right, 
they got on a long ridge of grassy hill. 


1612 i James Yesuits Downfall 59 Kings do deflect from 
the Catholike Religion. 1646 Six ia Browne Pseud. Ep, 


139 


vi. x, Many creatures exposed to the ayre, deflect in ex- 


tremity from their naturall colours, 1753-4 WARBURTON 
Nat. & Rev. Relig, ii, The Mind .. can, every moment, de- 
flect from the line of truth and reason. 1879 M. ArnoLp 
Equality Mixed Ess. 81 The points where this type deflects 
from the truly humane ideal. 

Deflect (diflekt), p/.a. [f. as prec. after ppl. 
forms in -ct, as evect.] | Deflected, bent aside. 

1851 Mrs, Browninc Casa Guidi Windows 105 So swept 
.. The marshalled thousands,—not an eye deflect To left or 


right. 

Deflected (déflektéd), ppl. a.  [f. DErLxcr v. 
+-ED.] 

1. Tumed aside; bent to one side. 

1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xvi. 881 Monsoons are, for 
the most part, trade-winds deflected. 1874 S. Cox Piler. 
Ps. vi. 121 Walking in subtle and deflected paths, 

2. Zool. and Bot. Bent or curved downwards ; 
= DEFLEXED. 

1828 WEBSTER, ps shesiese In botany, bending downward 
archwise. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca u. 165 Glandina.. 
eye-tentacles deflected at the tips, beyond the eyes. 1867 

*, Francis Angling vi. (1880) 195 The wings..come up to 
an angle. .as it is termed, they are deflected. fi 

3. Philol. Used to translate F. fléchi, a term 
proposed for the ‘strong’ grade in ablaut series. 

1890 R. T. Exuiort tr. VY. Henry's Compar. Grant. § 41.47 
We may distinguish three chief grades, the normal grade, 
the weak or reduced grade, and the deflected grade (_//échi). 
Tbid, 48 1.-E. types, *bhéydh (to trust), weak *bhidh, de- 
flected “dhoydh. - Ec 

Defle‘cting, v/. sb. [-1nc!.]_ The action of 
the verb DEFLECT. 

1623 CockERAm, Deftectings, turnings from good to bad. 

Defle‘cting, f//. a. [-1nc2.] That deflects. 

Deflecting magnet: a magnet used for deflecting a mag- 
netic needle, as in a galvanometer. 

1796 Broucuam in PAil. Trans. LXXXVI. ig Hed ray 
moves in an ellipse by the inflecting, and an hyperbola 
by the deflecting force. 1851-9 Sapine Man. Sci. Eng. 91 
When the weather does not permit the manipulation of the 
weights, deflecting magnets are substituted. 1857 WHEWELL 
ine Jnduct. Sc. 11. 23 Gravity must act as a deflecting 
force, 

Deflection: see DrFLEXIon. 

Deflective (diflektiv), a [f. Drriecr v. + 
-IvE. (L, analogies would give deflexive.)] Hav- 
ing the quality of deflecting. 

1813 P. Bartow Math. Dict., eee Jorces. 1881 
Lussock in Nature No. 618. 411 In 1819..Oersted had 
discovered the deflective action of the current on the mag- 
netic needle. 

Deflectometer (d7flektymétar). [Sce -METER.] 
(See quot.) 

1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., Deflectometer, an instrument 
for measuring the deflection of a rail by a weight in rapid 
motion. 

Deflector (diflektoz). [f. DEFLEect v. + -or 
for -ER: the corresponding form on L. analogies is 
deflexor.| An instrument or contrivance for de- 
flecting ; e. g. (az) a deflecting magnet ; (4) a plate 
or diaphragm for deflecting a current of air, gas, 
etc. 

1837 Brewster Magnet. 344 Dipping needle Deflector, for 
measuring the Variation and Dip of the Needle. 1879 
Tuomson & Tart Wat. Phil. I. 1. § 198 The ‘ Deflector’, an 
adjustible magnet laid on the glass of the compass bowl 
and used. .to discover the ‘semicircular’ error produced by 
the ship’s iron, 1887 Pall Mall G. 4 June 12/1 These 
sprinklers consist of a plate and a deflector .. The deflector 
is for the purpose of breaking the column of water into 
ated which falls in a dense shower over the flames. 

t+ Defletion. Ots—° [ad. L. déflétion-em, n. 
of action from déflére to weep over, bewail, f. DE- 
I. 3 +/flere to weep.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Defletion, a bewayling or be- 
moaning. 

Deflex (di‘fleks), a. [ad. L. deflex-us, pa. pple. 
of déflectére to DEFLECT.] = DEFLEXED. 

1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxvii. 420 In the common 
Bee Orchis it [the lip of the nectary] consists of five lobes, 
which are deflex or bent downwards. 

Deflexed (diflekst), 4/. a. Zool.and Bot. [f. 
prec.+-ED.] Bent downwards ; deflected. 

1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. xvii. (1828) 1V. 386 The 
organs of flight are deflexed and do not lap over each other. 
1845 Linpiey Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 4x Stem rough with 
deflexed bristles. 1871 Stavetey Brit. Jusects 127 Such 
insects as have the wings, when at rest, deflexed—lying over 
the body like a shelving roof. 1877-84 F. E. Hurme Wild 
#1. p. vi, Pedicels bearing fruit deflexed. . 

Deflexibi'lity. [f. next+-rry.] Capability 
of being deflected. 

1796 Broucuam in Phil. Trans. LXX XVI. 263 The in- 
flexibilities of the rays are directly as their deflexibilities. 
1805 Edin. Rev. V1. 25 He attempts to demonstrate some 
connexion between the greater deflexibility and the less 
reflexibility of the red rays, 

flexible (difleksib’l), a. [f. L. déflex-us 

(see DEFLEX) + -BLE.] Capable of being deflected. 

+796 Broucuam in Phil, Trans. LXXXVI. 234 It is 

ve that the most inflexible rays are also most de- 
exible. 

Deflexion, deflection (déflek{on). et a 
déflexion-em, n. of action f. déflectére (ppl. stem 
deflex-) to Dertxcr. Cf. mod.F; déflexion (Dict. 
Acad. 1762, occurring also in 16th c. as déflection). 
The non-etymological spelling deflection, now very 
common, is taken from the present-stem deflect-, 


DEFLEXURE. 


associated with nouns of action from L. ppl. stem 
in -ect-, as collection, dissection, etc.] 

1. The action of bending down ; the condition of 
being bent or curved ; also, a bend or curve (as a 
result). 

In Mech. The bending of any body under a transverse 
strain; the amount of this. In £v¢o7. The state of being 
bent downward, as the deflexion of the wings when folded ; 
also, a deflected part or margin. 

1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 296 The Mahometans 
signifie the same onely by a moderate deflexion of the head. 
182 TREDGoLD Ess. Cast [von (1824) 73 When the weights 
were removed, the piece retained a permanent deflexion. 
1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 1V. 276/2 The deflection of 

m supporting a lateral weight. 

2. The action of turning, or state of being turned, 
away from a straight line or regular path; the 
amount of such deviation; also, a turn or deviation 
(as an effect or result). 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1, 105 Of which deflection he ventures 
to assign the cause. 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) I. xii. 
292 In 1684.. Newton discovered that the moon’s deflexion 
in a minute was sixteen feet, the same as that of bodies at 
the earth’s surface. 1833 Herscurr, Astron. viii. 267 De- 
flection from a straight line is only another word for cusva- 
ture of path. 1862 MerivaLe Nom, Enzp. (1865) VII. Ixi. 
329 They .. possibly noted the great deflection of the coast 
southward from Cape Wrath. 

b. Of things immaterial. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. i. § 3 Of the works of nature 
which have a digression and deflexion from the ordinary 
course of generations, productions, and motions. 1648 W. 
Mountacue Devout Ess, 1. 112 (T.) King David found this 
deflection and indirectness in our minds. 1649 JER. ‘TAYLOR 
Gt. Exemp. 11. ix. 123 Deflexions in manners. 1840 Dr Quin- 
cey Style iii. Wks. X. 190 We shall point out the deflexion, 
the bias, which was impressed upon the Greek speculations 
in this particular. 1851 CartyLe Sterling 1. xiv. (1872) 86 
At this extreme point of spiritual deflexion and depression. 
1876 Moztry Univ. Serm. iv. (1877) 84 The type of religion 
it has produced is a deflection from simplicity. 

3. The turning of a word or phrase aside from its 
actual form, application, or grammatical use. arch. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1311 By a little deflexion 
of the name. .that Canicular or Dogge starre is called Kuvwr. 
a 1619 Foturersy A theo, u. i. § 8 (1622) 191 That censure 
of Catullus (with a little deflection) might very fitly bee 
applied vnto him. 1659 O.WaLker Oratory 34 By a gentle 
deflexion of the same word, in changing the substantive 
with the adjective. 1807 G. Cuatmers Caledonia 1.1. iv. 
119 Grynt signifies strength; and hence, by a little de- 
flexion, Grynz came to signify any strength. 1830 Dr 
Quincey Bentley Wks. 1890 IV. 131 note, A practice arose 
of giving to Greek names in as their real Greek termination, 
without any Roman deflexion. 

4. Electr. and Magn. The turning of a magnetic 
needle away from its zero; the measured amount 
by which it is deflected. 

1646 Sir T. Browne /’seud. Ef. 1. ii. 62 The variation of the 
compasse is .. a deflexion and siding East and West from 
the true meridian. 1863 Tyxpati //eat i. 4 A moment's 
contact suffices to produce a prompt and energetic deflection 
of the needle. 1865 Pad/ Mall G. 3 Aug. 1/2 The curious 
electrical phenomenon known to electricians as ‘ deflection’, 
has to-day been observed through the United Kingdom. 

5. Optics. The bending of rays of light from the 
straight line. By Hooke applied specifically to 
the apparent bending or turning aside of the rays 
passing near the edge of an opaque body, called by 
Newton zxflexton, and now explained as a pheno- 
menon of DIFFRACTION. 

(Brougham tried to differentiate izflexion and deflexion : 
see quot.) 

1674-5 Hooke Lect. Light Wks. (1705) 188 The Light from 
the Edge [of a card or razor] did strike downwards into the 
Shadow very near to a Quadrant, though still I found, that 
the greater the Deflection of this new Light was from the 
direct Radiations of the Cone, the more faint they were. 
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl., Deflection of the Rays of Light, 
is a property which Dr. Hook observed 1674 .. He says, he 
found it different both from reflexion, and refraction ..'This 
is the same property which Sir Isaac Newton calls /ufrection. 
1796 Broucuam in Phil, Trans. LXXXVI. 228 Def 1. If 
a ray passes within a certain distance of any body, it is bent 
inwards; this we shall call Inflection. 2. If it passes ata 
still greater distance it is turned away; this may be termed 
Deflection. 1808 J. Wesster Nat. Phil. 174 This deflection 
is supposed to proceed from the attraction of the denser 
medium, 1831 BrewstTER Newton viii. (1839) 99 In his paper 
of 1674..he [Hooke]..described the leading phenomena of 
the inflexion, or the deflexion of light, as he calls it. 

6. Naut. The deviation of a ship from her true 
course in sailing. 

1706 Puituips(ed. Kersey), Deflection. .In Navigation, the 
Tendency of a Ship from her true Course, by means of 
Currents, &c. which divert or turn her out of her right Way. 

Deflexionize, -ed, -ation: see Dr- Il. 1. 

+ Deflexity. Ols. [f. L. déflex-us DEFLEX + 
-1TY.] The quality of being deflected (said of rays 
of light : see DEFLEcT 2b, DEFLEXION 5). 

1797 Brovcuam in PAil. Trans. LXXXVII. 360 We 
may ..say that the rays of light differ in degree of re- 
frangity, reflexity, and flexity, comprehending inflexity and 
deflexity. .these terms .. allude to the degree of distance to 
which the rays are subject to the action of bodies. 

Deflexure (difleksitiz, -flekfitz). rare. [f. L. 
grt ppl. stem of déflectére to DEFLECT + -URE : 
cf. flexure.] Deflexion, deviation ; the condition 
of being bent (down or away). 

_ 1656 Biounr Glossogr., Deflexure, a bowing or bend- 

ing. 1675 OciLby Brit. Pref. 4 Deductions for the. .smaller 

Deflexures of the Way. 1845 Florist’s Frni. 7 The lip.. 
18*-2 


DEFLOCCATE. 
instead of bald yt a by the usual deflexure of the 
y 


sides, is ect! 

+ Deflo'ccate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. défloc- 
care, dé floccat- to pluck off, pluck, f. Dz- 1.6 + 
Sfloce-us lock, flock.] (See quot.) 

1623 Cockeram, Defloccate, to weare out a thing. 

Deflorate (d/floe'rt, de'floret), a. [ad. L. dé- 
florat-us, pa. pple. of déflorare: see next. Cf. L. 
déflorere to shed its bloom.] : 

. Bot. Past the flowering state: applied to 
anthers that have shed their pollen, or to plants 
when their flowers have fallen. 

1828 Wesster, Deflorate, in botany, having cast its farin, 
pollen, or fecundating dust. Martyn, 1858 Gray Struct. 
Bot. Gloss., Deftérate, past the flowering age. 

2. =DeEFLowERED; having lost virginity. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Deflorate (de‘floreit), v. xave. In 5 defflorate. 
[f. ppl. stem of late L. déflorare to deprive of its 
flowers, ravish, f. Dr- I. 6 + fas, flor-em flower.] 

+1. trans. To deflower (a woman). Ods. 

¢1470 Harpinc Chron. cvu, vii, The women euer they 
diuiciate In euery place, and fouly defflorate, 

2. To strip (a plant) of its flowers. 

1829 E. Jesse ¥rni. Nat. 165 They [the chaffinches] will 
deflorate too the spikes or whorls of the little red archangel. 

Defloration (defloré'fan). In 4-5 -acioun, 
5-6 -acion, -acyon, 6 -atioun, deflouration. 
[a. OF. defloracion (14th c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. dé- 
floration-em plucking of flowers, of virginity, n. of 
action from déflérare to DEFLOWER.] The action 
of the verb DEFLOWER. 

1. The action of deflowering a virgin. 
c1400 MaunpEv.(Roxb.) reg i defloracioun ofmaydens. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 196 b/2 Tellyng to hir the place & 
tyme of hir defloracion. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) 
T. 199 He..complanit hevily the defloration of his dochteris. 
1763 Cuesterr. Lett. IV. ccclxxvi. 198. 1803 Med. Frul. 
1X. 71 Opinions generally entertained on the subject of 
Defloration. 
sexual connexion for the first time without violence, in 
distinction from rape. 


2. The culling or excerpting of the flowers or 
finest parts of a book; a selection of choice pas- 
sages. 

BE ol Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 271 Pe whiche book pis 
ce) 


ert defloured solempneliche, and took out beste, so | : 
i! : atvaganid | the despoiler and deflowerer. 


at it semed pat pat defloracioun is now more worpy ban al 
grete volume. 1613 SeLpeN in Drayton's Poly-olb. To 
Rdr. Aiij, The common printed Chronicle, which is. . but an 
Epitome or Defloration made by Robert of Lorraine. 1696 
Ray in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 203 Your History, were it 
reasonable for me to beg the defloration of it, would afford 
the greatest ornaments to it. 1747 Carte Hist. Eng. 1. 
Pref. 8 The Historia Britonum out of which he says, he made 
those deflorations. 1 R. Exuis in Hermathena XVI. 184 
The deflorations or MSS. containing excerpts. 

De‘florator. vare. [agent-n. f. L. déflorire: 
see prec.] One who excerpts the finest parts of a 
book or author. 

1647-8 G. Lancpaine in A dp. Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 524 This 
is the same Robert, the deflorator of Marianus mentioned by 
Malmesbury. 

Defiore, deflour, obs. forms of DEFLOWER. 

+ Deflowrish, v. Os. In 5 de-, diffloryssh, 
6 deflorisch. [ad. OF. de(s) fouriss-, lengthened 
stem of de(s) flourir, now aéfleurir, to DEFLOWER, 
f. De- I. 6+ florir, fleurir to FLouRIsH.] 

1. trans. To deflower; also fig. to spoil, ravage. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 304 Y* he shuld .. also defloryssh 
c emperours doughter. /did, vu. 410 The sayd bysshop.. 

ad difflorysshed a mayden and doughter of the sayde sir 
Gautier. 1538 LeLanp /éin. V. 4 Montgomerike deflorisched 
by Owen Glindour, 

2. intr. To lose its flowers, to cease to flourish. 

1656 Trarp Comm. Philip. iv. 10 It had deflourished then 
for a season, and withered, as an oak in winter. 

+ Deflowrished #//. a., having lost its flowers. 

1616 Drumm. or Hawrtn. Sonn. xlix, Deflourisht mead, 
where is your heavenly hue? 

+ Deflow’, v. Obs. rare—". [f. De- I. 1 + 
Frow, after L. d@fluéve to flow down or away: see 
DEFLUENCE, etc.] zutr. To flow down. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. iv. 114 A collection of 
some superfluous matter deflowing from the body. 

Deflower (déflaue1), v. Forms: 4-7 deflore, 
defloure, 5-7 deflowre, 4-9 deflour, 6- deflower. 
ES OF. desflorer, desflourer (13th c. in Hatzf.), 


ater defflorer, défleurer (Cotgr.), mod.F. déflorer = 
Pr. deflorar, Sp. desflorar, \t. deflorare, repr. L. 
déflorare to deprive of its flowers, to ravish, f. 
De- I. 6 + flas, flor-em flower. With this prob. is 
blended OF. desflorir, -flourir (14th c.), in 16the. 
defforir, mod.¥. défleurir in same sense, and 
intrans. The form is now assimilated to fower.] 

1. trans. To deprive (a woman) of her virginity ; 
to violate, ravish. 

1382 Wycuir Zcclus.xx. 2 The lust of the gelding deflourede 
the 3unge womman. 1393 Gower Conf. i 322 ich sigh 
her suster pale and fade..Of that she hadde be defloured. 
1494 Fasyan Chyon. vit. ccxxxviii. 278 The whiche .. he 
deflowred of hyr ytie. 559 W. CUNNINGHAM 
Cosmogr. Glasse 196 They have thys use that whan any 
manne marieth, he must commit his wife to the priest to be 
defloured. 16rx Biste Zcclus. xx. 4 As is the lust of an 
Eunuch to defloure a virgine. 1775 Apain Amer. Ind. 164 


1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Defloration, a term for | 


| ing the gardens. 


140 


The French Indians are said not to have deflowered any of 
our young women they captivated. 

2. fig. To violate, ravage, desecrate; to rob of 
its bloom, chief beauty, or excellence; to spoil. 

in Surtees Misc. (1890) 56 This citie.. Was never 

deflorid be force ne violence. 1g00-20 Dunsar Poems Ixxii. 
8 With blude and sweit was all deflorde His face. 1596 

PENSER Hymne Hon. Beautie 39 That drous paterne 
..layd up in secret store .. that no man may it see With 
sinfull eyes, for feare it to deflore. tr. Martini’s 
Cong. China Aiv, I will not .. deflower we of its 
greatest beauty. 1660 GaupEN Antisacrilegus 7 It would 
never recover its beauty..of late so much deflored. a@ — 
Soutn Servm. I. i. (R.), Actual discovery (as it were) rifles 
and deflowers the newness and freshness of the object. 
1889 Lowe.t Walton Lit. moos et gay (To) find a sanctuary 
which telegraph or telephone had not deflowered. . 

+3. To cull or excerpt from (a book, etc.) its 


choice or most valuable parts. Ods. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 39 Pe whiche book Robert 
Bishop of Herforde deflorede. /dzd. VII. 271 [see Dertora- 
TION 2). esd b T. Ditton Trav. Spain 229 After they had in 
a manner deflowered the mine, and got as much ore as they 
could oa extract. + 

4. To deprive or strip of flowers. 

c 1630 DrumM. or Hawtn. Poems 173 The freezing winds 
our gardens do defloure. 1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 
1. xix. §6(R.), An earthquake. .rending the cedars, deflower- 
1800 CamppeLL Ode to Winter 27 De- 
flow’ring nature’s grassy robe, 1820 Keats Lamia 1. 216 
Garlands. . From vales deflower'd, or forest trees branch-rent. 

Deflowered (diflauesd), Af/. a. [-ED.] De- 
prived of virginity, violated ; robbed of beauty or 
bloom; marred, disfigured. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1. xvi, Of Cerebus the deflowred 
pycture.. Lyke an horrible gyaunt fyrce and wonderly. 
1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. w. iv. 24 A deflowred maid. 
Cow try Mistress, Agst. Hope ii, The Joys which we entire 
should wed, Come deflowr'd Virgins to our bed. 1887 T. 
Harpy Woodlanders iii, She would not turn again to the 
little looking-glass .. knowing what a deflowered visage 
would look back at her. 

Deflowerer (d/flaueraz). [-ER.] One who 
deflowers. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 53 Hir freindis. . 
commandit hir to schaw the deflorar of hir chastite. 1645 
Mitton Yetrach, (1851) 189 The punishment of a deflowrer, 
and a defamer. a1677 Barrow /W<ks. (1687) I. xviii. 256 
A deflowrer and defiler of his reputation. 1713 Guardian 
No. 123 These deflourers of innocence. 1824-9 Lannor /mag. 
Conz. Wks. (1846) II. 7 Our Italy would rise up in arms against 


Deflowering (d/flauerin), v/. sb. [-1NG 1] 
The action of the verb DEFLOWER ; violation. 

c¢1400 MAuNDEV. (1839) xxviii. 286 Of old tyme, men 
hadden ben dede for dehodryige of Maydenes. 1561 T. 
Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. 138b, Y* rauishment and 
deflouring of his daughter. 1609 RowLanps Anaue of 
Clubbes 8 Villain .. Before the Lord 
flowring of my wife. 1673 Lady's Call. I1. §1 7. 59 Every 
indecent curiosity. .is a deflowring of the mind. 

Deflow'ering, ///. a. That deflowers. 

1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. (1851) 273 If unchastity in 
a woman. .be such a scandall and dishonour, then certain] 
inaman..it must, though commonly not so thought, be muc 
more deflouring and dishonourable. 

Defiuction, bad form of DEFLUXION. 

Defluence (de‘flwéns). rare. [f. L. type *de- 
fluentia, {. défluent-em, pr. pple. of défluére, f. DE- 
I. 1 + fluéve to flow.] A flowing down or away. 

1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) II. 281 They suffer 
a continual Defluence of old, and Access of new Parts. 
1803 Methodist Mag. XXVI. 36 There is a continual 
defluence and access of parts. 

+ De-fluency. Os. rare. [f. as prec. + -ENCY.] 
The quality of flowing; fluidity. 

1665 Boyie Hist. Cold xxi. 630 The cold having taken 
away the defluency of the oyl. 

Defiuent (de‘flwént) a. and sd. rave. [ad. L. aé- 
Jiuent-em, pr. pple. of défiu-ere to flow down.] 
A. adj. Flowing down, decurrent. B. sd. That 
which flows down (from a main body). 

1652 GauLe Magastrom. 87 Planets, in respect of motion, 

siture, aspect; sc. combust, peregrine .. applicate, de- 
uent. 1890 A thenaum 20 Dec. 845/3 This ice .. breaking 
off into icebergs when its defluents wad § the sea in the fjords 
which intersect Greenland. /éid. 846/1 The defluents of the 
inland ice. 

+ Defluous (de'flwas), a. Obs. rare. [f. L. dé- 
flu-us (f. stem of déflu-ere to flow down) + -ous.] 
Flowing down; also, falling off, shedding. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Deffuous, flowing down, falling, 
shed . 1822 T. Tavtor Apuleius x1. 261 Her most 
copious and long hairs..were softly defluous. 

+ Deflux (d7flvks), sd. Obs. [ad. L. déflux-us 
a flowing down, a running off, f. ppl. stem of dé- 
Slutre: see above.] 

1. A flowing or running down; defluxion. 

1599 H. Buttes Dyet's Dry Din. peda R= o’reflowne 
with brinie deluge of defluxes hot. Bacon Sylva 
(1677) § 677 The Deflux of Humors. 1636 Featty Clavis 


Myst. xxviii. 365 A t defluxe of penitent teares. 1710 
T. Futter P: . Extemp. 172 A Frontal with Mastic .. 
hinders the deflux of Humours. 


2. transf. A falling off or shedding. rare. 

1682 Norris Hierocles 130 Having suffered a deflux of her 
wings. 

.. concr. Aneffluence, emanation; =DxFLUXION 
3b. rare. ; 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 1336 But say there should 
happly be some deflux or effluence that passeth from one 


‘ou die, For this de- | and other Sensations were made by amoppoai oxnuartwr, the 


1647 — 


DEFORCE. 


world toanother. 1682 Creecu Lucretius (1683) Notes 3 The 
constant deflux of divine Images which strike the Mind. 

+ Deflu'x, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. déflux-, ppl. 
stem of défluére.] intr. a. To flow down. b. 
To fall off in influence. Hence Deflu'xed £//. a. 
Bh ss Me mee ps Levellers Levelled 9 If wee observe the 

i time of this Eclipse or full Moone. .shee defluxeth 
from the ition of the Sunne, to the Conjunction of 
Saturne. Tomutnson Renou’s Disp. 520 It cohibits 
all fluxions, and cocts the defluxed humours. 

Defluxion (diflzkfan). Also 7-9 defluction. 
[a. F. défluxion (16th c., Calvin, Paré), or ad. L. 
défluxidn-em, n. of action from L. défluére to flow 
down, also, to fall off (as hair).] 

+1. A flowing or running down. Ods. 

1549 prs be Scot. Prol. 14 The defluxione of blude hed 
payntit ande cullourt all the feildis. 1616 Haywarp Sauct. 
Troub. Soul t. ii. (1620) 38 The emptying of an Houre-glasse 
consisteth, not onely in the falling of the last graine of sand, 
but in the whole defluxion thereof from the beginning. 1677 
Hate Prim. Ny Man, w. viii. kr By the defluxion 
of Waters, 1832 Blackw. Mag. XXXII. 644 It would be 
a needless defluxion of time to relate what took place. 

+b. A falling off (of hair). Ods. ie 

1 Row tanp Moufet's Theat. Ins. 945 y cure .. de- 
Phe ok of hair, and the thi thereof contracted. 

2. Path. a. A supposed flow of ‘humours’ to a 
particular part of the body, in certain diseases. b. 
The flow or discharge accompanying a cold or 
inflammation; a running at the nose or eyes; 
catarrh. Now rare, Obs., or dial. 

1576 Lyte Dodoens v. xx. 576 [It] stoppeth all defluxions 
and falling downe of humours. 1586 Sir A, Pautet in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. 1. V1, No. 220: 7 Whome we found in her bed 
troubled..with a defluxion which was fallen into the syde 
of her neck. 1626 Bacon Sy/va (1651) 11 So doth Cold like- 
wise cause Rheumes, and Deditixions from the Head. 1666 
Lond. Gaz. No. 65/2 Monsieur Colbert is fallen very ill of 
a defluction upon his throat. 1744 FRANKLIN Penusylv. Fire- 
Places Wks. (1887) 1.496 Women. .get colds. .anddefluctions, 
which fall into their jaws gums. 1781 Gipson Decl. § 
F. IL. xli. 517 A defluxion had fallen on his eyes. 1842 
Aspy Water Cure (1843) 221 A scorbutic ulcer in the leg... 


| attended with a great defluction on the part. 1860 MotLry 


Netherl. (1868) I. vii. 455 Owing to a bad cold with 
a defluxion in the eyes, she was unable at once to read. 

+8. concr. Something that flows or runs down. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 277 The Nature of Seede no 
man that I know hath yet essentially defined .. Plato 
— it] The defluxion of the spinall marrow. 1633 
*. Apams £-xf. 2 Pet. iii. 18 (1865) 884 We know..that he 
can..pour down putrid defluxions from above. 

+b. fig. An effluence, emanation. [tr. Gr. dmop- 

pon.| Obs. 

1603 Hoitann Plutarch's Mor. 1307, The defluxion of 
Osiris, and the very apparent image of him, 1678 Cup- 
wortu Jutell. Syst. 15 According to Empedocles, Vision 


Defluxions of Figures, or Effluvia of Atoms. 

+ Defilu'xive, a. Obs. [f. L. deflux-, ppl. 
stem (DEFLUX v.) + -IvE.] That is characterized 
by flowing down. Hence Defiu-xively adv. 


ne foe Stantey Hist. Philos. 111. 11. 133 Aliment, distri- 
by the veines through the whole frame defluxively. 


1 
but 
“Defcedation : see DEFEDATION. 
+Defoi'l, v.! Ods. Also 7 deffoile, diff-. 
[ad. F. défeuille-r, in 13th c. des-, deffuetller, f. 
des-, dé- (Dx- I. 6) + feuille leaf. Cf. med.L. dé- 
foliare.| trans. To strip of leaves ;= DEFOLIATE v. 
1601 Houtanp Péiny xvi. xxii, In disburgening and 
defoiling a vine. /éid., How much thereof must be 
diffoiled. /dfd., It is not the manner to disburgen or deffoile 
altogether such trees. 
Defoil, v.2 To trample down, crush, oppress, 
violate, defile: see DEFOUL v. 
Defoil sé., var. form of DEFouL sd. 
Defoliate (diféwlit), a. rarve—° [ad. med.L. 
defoliat-us: see next.) ‘ Having cast, or being 
deprived of, its leaves* (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 
te (difow'lie't), v. [f. med.L. dgoliare, 
f. De- 1. 6 +folium leaf. Cf.DErort.] érans. To 
strip of leaves; also fig. 
1793 W. Roserts Looker-on (1794) Il. ote 213 To 
of a great and ornamen ..to 
see it defoliated and withered. 1816 Kirsy & Sr. Entomol. 


not only defoliated, but the stems. . have been split. 
Hence Defo'liator, 
insect that strips trees of their leaves. i 
Defoliation (défoulizi-fan). [ad. L. type *dé- 
foliation-em, n. of action f. défolidre: see prec. 
So in mod.Fr.] Loss or shedding of leaves. 
H. L’Estrance Alliance Div. Of. 222 At the time 
of the defoliation, or fall of the leaf. x79 E. Darwin Bot. 
Gard. 1. 38 wee, Sie See deciduous trees is 


Bot., Defoliation, th se on leaves. 
ites jation, the i 
Bring of pants the folation and defoliation of trees 
(difdeas), v. Also 5-6 deforse. 
AF. deforcer (11th c.) = OF. (des-, de 
f. des-, de- (Dx- 1. 6) + forcier, vy to ForcE (or 
from the Romanic forms of these): in med.L. di/-, 
déforctare (Du Senge, Cf. EFForce, ENForcE.] 
Law, (trans.) To keep (something) by force 


DEFORCE. 


or violence (from the person who has a right to 
it); to withhold wrongfully. 

[1292 Britton 1. xix. §8 Nos eschetes defforcez (¢vransi. 
Escheats deforced from us). /ééd. 1. xxi. § 1 Tiel qi la.. 
rente deforce tient (¢7. who holds the rent deforced).] 
¢ 1470 Harpinc Chron. lxxx. i, Arthure..emperour of Rome 
by title of right, [Whiche deforced] by Lucius Romain, 
Pretendyng hym for emperour of might. 1609 Skene Reg. 
May. 28 Command B, that..he..restore to M...her reason- 
abill dowrie...And inquire him, for quhat cause he deforces 
and deteins the samine fra her. 1765 Lond. Chron. 23 Nov. 

The cutter is said to have deforced Capt. Duncan’s 

at..off the island of May. 1865 Nicuots Britton 11. 6 
It sometimes happens..that he who has no right deforces 
the wardship from him who has a better right [de/orce la 
garde a celi gi major dreit ad). 

+b. gen. To take or keep away by force. Ods. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xiv, For you my wyfe, for you 
myne owne Heleine, That be deforced fro me, welaway. 
1494 Fasyan Chron. I. 215 (R.) This Lowys..maryed the 
doughter of Guy..the which after, for nerynesse of kynne, 
was deforced from the sayd Lowys. ; 

2. To eject (a person) by force from his property; 
to keep (him) forcibly out of the possession o/; to 
deprive wrongfully. 

1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. xxv. (1638) 109 Where 
a Parson of a Church is wrongfully deforced of his Dismes. 
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 7 § 7 Personnes .. dysseased, 
deforsed, wronged, or otherwyse .. put from their lawfull 
inheritance. 1586 Ferne Lacies Nobilitie 35 Stephen was 
a wrongfull possessour of the Crowne, for he deforced Mawd 
--of her right. 1602 Futpecke 2nd Pt, Parall. 57 A Nuper 
obijt ought to be brought by that Coparcener, who is de- 
forced from the tenements, against all the other Coparceners 
which do deforce her. rg 7 - Rosinson Gavelkind vi. 105 
[He] enters on the whole Land on the Death of the Ancestor 
and deforces the other. 1865 Nicnots Britton II. 257 Peter 
wrongfully deforces her of the third part of so much land. 

3. Sc. Law. To prevent by force (an officer of 
the law) from executing his official duty. 

1461 Liber Pluscardensis x1. xi. (1877) I. 399 Deforsand 
serrefis, masaris or sergeand. 1579 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) 
§ 75 In case the officiar. . beis violently deforced and stopped 
in execution of his office. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. Table 75 
He quha deforces the kings officiars, and stops the taking 
of poynds. 1816 Scorr Axtiz. xlii, If you interrupt me in 
my duty, I will.. declare myself deforced. 1885 Manch. 
Exam. 18 Mar. 4/7 Crofters charged with deforcing a 
sheriff's officer while attempting to serve summonses for 
arrears of rent. : 

+4. To commit rape upon, to force. Sc. Obs. 

1528 LynpEsay Dreme 1098 Tak tent, how prydful Tar- 
ayes tynt his croun, For the deforsyng of Lucres. 1536 

ELLENDEN Cro. Scot. (1821) I. 173 Mogallus .. deforsit 
virginis and matronis. 

+ Deforrce, 5. Sc. Obs. 
FORCEMENT. 

+479 Act. Dom. Conc. 33 (Jam.) That Johne Lindissay .. 
sall restore to James lord Hammiltoune. .a kow of a deforce, 
a salt mert, a mask fat. J/éid. 38 That he has made na 
deforss. 

Deforcement (difoe1smént). Zaw. [a. AF. 
and OF, deforcement (12th c.), f. deforcer; in med. 
L. (Scotch Stat.) deforctamentum : see prec. and 
-MENT. 

1. ‘The holding of any lands or tenements to 
which another person has a right’ (Wharton, Law 
Lex.) ; the action of forcibly keeping a person out 
of possession of anything. 

ls Skene Reg. May. cxxxv. 137 Gif any man complaines 
.- that he is vnjustlie deforced be sic ane man, of sic lands, 
or sic ane tenement..the maker of the deforcement sall be 
summoned incontinent. 1 Biackstone Comm, U1. 172 
The fifth and last apace of injuries by ouster or privation of 
the freehold .. is that by deforcement. /éid. 174 Another 
species of deforcement is, where two persons have the same 
title to land, and one of them enters and keeps possession 
against the other. 

. Sc. Law. The forcible preventing of an officer 
of the law from execution of his office ; such obstruc- 
tion or resistance as is construed to amount to this. 

1581 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 117 In all actiones of de- 
forcementes, and breaking of arreistmentes. 1609 SKENE 
Reg. Maj. 2 Ane deforcement done to the kings officiar. 
— J.. HAMBERLAYNE St, Gt, Brit, us ut. x. (1743) 434 

he resisting him [the messenger at arms] is a crime in the 
law of Scotland, called deforcement. a@ 1805 A. CARLYLE 
Autobiog. 22 note, The thieves were collecting. .in order to 
come to Dumfries on the day of the execution, and make 
a deforcement as they were conducting Jock to the gallows. 
1884 V. Brit. Daily Mail 5 Aug. 4/3 Two aged women, 
tried at Stornoway for deforcement of a sheriff officer. 

Deforcer (difoe1saz). Also 6-9 deforceor, 
6 Sc. -forsare, 7 -forsour. [a. AF. deforceour, 
-cor, f, deforcer to DeForcz.] 

1, Zaw. One who wrongfully ejects or keeps 
another out of possession ; = DEFORCIANT. 

1628 Coxe On Litt. 331b, The Deforceor holdeth it so 
fast, as the right owner is driuen to his reall Preecipe. 1641 
Termes de la Ley, Deforceor is hee that overcommeth and 
casteth out with force, and he differeth from a disseisor, 
first in this, that a man may disseise another without force 
..then because a man may deforce another that never was 
in possession. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Deforsour. 1700 
Tyrrett Hist. Eng. U1. 1106 The Deforceors withal to be 
amerced. 1865 Nicnots Britton II. 25 Let the deforceor 
be punished according to the tenor of our statutes. 

2. Sc. Law. One who deforces an officer of the 
law; see DEFORCE 3. 

3587 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 84 All deforcers of Offi- 
ciares, in execution of their Office. ei 4 Skene Reg. Maz. 
2 Gif the deforcer is convict. .of the said deforcement. 


[f. the vb.] =Dr- 


141 


+38. One who commits a rape: see DEFORCE 4. 

I Be.tenven Livy 1. (1822) 10x Gif me youre handis 
and faith that the adulterare and deforsare of me [Lucretia] 
sall nocht leif unpunist. ? 

Deforciant (d/foe1siant). Law. Also 7 de- 
forceant. [a. AF. deforceant, pr. pple. of de- 
Sorcer. Cf, med. (Anglo)L. déforczans.] A person 
who deforces another or keeps him wrongfully out 
of possession of an estate. 

(z292 Britton 11. xv. § 3 Si le deforceaunt ne puse averrer 
la soute [unless the deforciant can aver payment].] 1585 
in H. Hall Soc. Eliz. Age (1886) 239 Edward Essex levyed 
a fyne of the premyses to Hughe Stukeley deforciant. 1613 
Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 279 A fine is the acknowledg- 
ing of an hereditament ..to be his right that doth com- 
plaine. He that complaineth is called plaintife, and the 
other deforceant. 1767 Biacksrone Comm. II. 350 An 
acknowlegement from the deforciants (or those who keep 
the other out of possession). 1768 /dcd. III. 174 In levying 
a fine of lands, the person, against whom the fictitious 
action is brought upon a supposed breach of covenant, is 
called the deforciant. 1885 L. O. Pixe Vear-bks. 12-13 
Edw. I11 Introd. 60 Actions. .in which the deforciant could 
not know the nature of the claim fer verdba brevis. 

+ Deforcia‘tion. Os. [ad. med.L. déforcia- 
zion-em (Leg. Quat. Burg.), disforciation-em (Leg. 
Normann.), n. of action f. aé-, disforciare to DE- 
FORCE.] = DEFORCEMENT. 
nett Paroch. Antiq. 11. Gloss., Deforciatio, 
seizure of goods for satisfaction of a lawful 
debt.—-Hence in Law Dictionaries, and under the anglicized 
form in BaiLey 1721 and modern Dicts. But the explana- 
tion is incorrect, the meaning in Kennett’s Latin quot. 
being ‘what is taken or held by force ’.] 2 

1864 WensteR, Deforciation (Law), a withholding by 
force or fraud from rightful possession ; deforcement. : 

+ Deforcia‘tor. Oés. [a. med.L. déforciator 
(Du Cange), agent-n. from déforcidre to DEFonrce.] 
= DEFORCER I. 

1549 Act 3-4 Edw. VI, c. 3 § 1 Their Ingress and Egress 
were. .letted by the same Deforciators. 

Deforest (difprést), v. [f. De- II. 2 + Forest: 
cf. the synonyms DEAFFoREST, DISAFFOREST, D1s- 
rorEst, OF. desforester, deforester, med.L. dea/- 
Sorestare, disafforestare: see Dx- I. 6.] 

1. Zaw. To reduce from the legal position of forest 
to that of ordinary land; to make no longer a forest ; 
= DISAFFOREST I, DISFOREST 1. 

1538 Levanp /¢in. IV. 115 John Harman..B. of Excester 
-. obteyned License to deforest the Chase there. 1759 B. 
Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 11. 105 One entire Forest, till 
deforested by the Kings. ; 

2. gen. To clear or strip of forests or trees. 

1880 [see DerorestiNG]. 1887 Scribner's Mag. Il. 450 
‘The region should be forest-clad; or even if now deforested, 
[etc.]. 1891 Bret Harte /irst Kam. Tasajara x, [He] 
deforested the cafion. 

Hence Deforrested ///.a.; Defo'resting vi/. sd. 
and ff/. a.; also Deforesta‘tion ; Defo-rester. 

1538 Letanp /¢iz. VII. 101 At the Deforestinge of the old 
Foreste of Kyngeswood. 1880 Scribner's Mag. Feb. 502 
Most speculating deforesters go to the bad pecuniarily. 
1880 Standard 10 Dec., By the deforesting of plains he has 
turned once fertile fields into arid deserts. 1884 Chicago 
Advance 25 Dec. 853 ‘The native newspapers fear the de- 
forestation of Japan. 1887 Scribner's Mag. 1. 568 The 
deforested surface. 

Defo'rm, sé. xonce-wd. [f. DEroRM v.] The 
action of deforming, deformation: opp. to reform. 

1831 Fraser's Mag. 1V. 2 He..permitted the actual de- 
form of his windows sooner than testify any sort of sym- 
pathy with the sham reform of parliament. 

Deform (difgim), a. arch. Forms: 4-6 de- 
fourme, 6-7 deforme, 7- deform. [a. obs. F. 
deforme (1604 in Godef.) =mod.F. difforme, or ad. 
L. déform-is (in med.L. also difformis) deformed, 
misshapen, ugly, disgraceful, f. D- I. 6 + forma 
shape. Cf. also DirForM.] Deformed, misshapen, 
shapeless, distorted ; ugly, hideous. 

I Wycur Gen. xli, 19 Other seven oxen .. defourme 

leene. 1508 Fisner Wks. (1876) 98 With many .. 
spottes of synne we haue..made it defourme in the syght 
of god. 1591 Sy_vesteR Dz Bartas 1. i. (1641) 3/2 A con- 
fus'd heap, a Chaos most deform. 1 Mitton P, L. x1. 
494 Sight so deform what heart of rock could long Drie- 
ey'd behold? 2 1734 Nortu Examen 1, iii. P 16. 133 The 
monstrous and deform Tales of Oates. 1872 BrowNinG 
Fifine xliii, Every face, no matter how deform. 

Deform (diff-1m), v.1_ Also 5-7 dif-, 5 dyf-. 
[a. OF. deformer, also desformer, defformer, and 
(15th c.) difformer, mod.F. déformer. The first is 
ad. L. déformare, f. Dx- I. 6 + forma shape; the 
second represents the Rom. var. désformare, and the 
last its med,L. repr. difformare. Thence the Eng. 
variants in ge-, dif-. Cf. also Pr. deformar, It. de- 
Sormare, Sp. desformar.] 

1. trans. To mar the appearance, beauty, or 
excellence of ; to make ugly or unsightly; to dis- 
figure, deface. a. Zit. 

c1450 [see. DeForMED 1]. 1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys 
(2570) 8 Thus by this deuising such counterfaited thinges, 

ey diffourme that figure that God himselfe hath made. 
1530 Rastett Bk. Purgat. Prol., Some spot..wherby he is 
‘ssomwhat deformed. a@1627 Haywarp Edw. VJ (1630) 16 
He .. wasted Tinedale and the marches, and deformed the 
country with ruine and spoile. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 
(1638) 80 Never did poore wretch shed more teares ., de- 
forming her sweet face.. 1702 Rowe Tamerlane v. is 2012 


DEFORMATION, 


‘To deform thy gentle Brow with Frowns. 1858 HAwTHORNE 
Fr. & It. Fruls. (1872) 1. 37 The square..had mean little 
huts, deforming its ample space. 1861 Gen. P. THompson 
Audi Alt. 111. clxxv. 208 The blackest pirate that ever de- 
formed his face with beard. 

. fig. 

1533 BELLENDEN Livy 11. (1822) 308 This honest victorie 
..- wes deformit be ane schamefull jugement gevin be Ro- 
mane pepil. 1756 C. Lucas “ss. Waters I. Ded., It is a 
vice that deforms human nature. 1855 Macautay //ist. 
Eng. 1V. 535 The earlier part of his discourse was deformed 
by pedantic divisions and subdivisions. 

+e. To put out of proper form, disarrange. Oés. 

1725 Pore Odyss. xiv. 252 The fair ranks of battle to 
deform. 1783 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 66/2 Breaking 
the British line, and totally deforming their order of battle. 

+d. zuztr. To become deformed or disfigured ; 
to lose its beauty. Ods. rare. 

I Beattie Ode to Hope u. iii, To-morrow the gay scene 
deforms ! : 

2. ¢rans. To mar the form or shape of ; to mis- 
shape. See also DEFORMED. 

¢ 1400, 1483 [see DrFormED 2]. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems 
Ixxxiv. 19 A crippill, or a creatour Deformit as ane oule be 
dame Natour. 1590 SHaks. Com. Err. 1. ii. 100 Darke 
working Sorcerers that change the mind: Soule-killing 
Witches, that deforme the bodie. 1594... Rich. ///, 1. i. 20 
Cheated of Feature by dissembling Nature, Deform’d, vn- 
finish’d. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 94 Keep the Bitt 
straight to the hole you pierce, lest you deform the hole. 

3. To alter the form of; in Physics, to change 
the normal shape of, put out of shape: cf. Dr- 
FORMATION 3. 

1joz_ Eng. Theophrast. 116 Nothing so deforms certain 
Courtiers, as the Presence of the Prince ; it so alters their 
Air and debases their Looks that a Man can scarce know 
them, 1876 Giapstone Homeric Synchr. 222 This com- 
pletely alters and deforms the idea of the earth as a plane 
surface. 1883 Nature XXVII. 405 The hard steel.. breaks 
up or deforms the projectiles. 

"14. Obs. var. of DirrorM v. 

+ Deform, v.? Ods. rare. In 4 defourme, 
defforme. [ad. L. déformare to form, fashion, 
describe, f. De- I. 1, 3 + formdre to ForM.] trans. 
To form, fashion, delineate. 

1382 Wycuir 2 Cor. iii. 7 The mynistracioun of deeth de- 
fformyd [v.~. defourmyde, Vulg. deformata] by lettris [1388 
write bi lettris] in stoones. 

Deformable (4iffmab’l), a. 
or a. (or their L. originals) + -ABLE. 
FORMABLE. J 

+1. Affected with, or of the nature of, a deformity ; 
deformed; ugly. Odés. 

©1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4296 Thaire bodyes than shalle 
be moredefourmable. 1576 Baker Jewell of Health 99 The 
hyghe rednesse of the face being deformable. 1677 Gate 
Crt. Gentiles w.17 Splendor and Brightnesse is essential to 
Beautie.. Shadows and Darknesses are deformed, and render 
althings deformable. 

2. Capable of being deformed or put out of shape. 
Hence Deformabi'lity. 

Deformalize: see Der- II. 1. 

+ Deformate, a. Obs. rave. [ad. L. déformat- 
us, pa. pple. of déformare.] Deformed, disfigured. 

c14so0 Henryson Compl. Creseide (R.), Whan she sawe 
her visage so deformate. 

Deformation (difpiméi-fan). Also 5 diff-, 6 
dyff-. [ad. L. déformation-em (in med.L. also 
dtf-), n. of action from L. adéformare to DEFORM. 
Cf. F. déformation (14th c. in Hatzf., and in 
Cotgr.); admitted into Dict. Acad. 1835.] 

1. The action (or result) of deforming or marring 
the form or beauty of ; disfigurement, defacement. 

1440 Lypc. Secrees 500 Difformacyons of Circes and 
meede. 1623 CockERAM, Fra detest a spoiling. 1633 
Br. Hari Hard Texts 86 If by these means of deformation 
thy heart shall be set off from her. 1650 Butwer Anthro- 
fonet. 96 Which deformation is so pleasing to their Eyes, 
that men .. are commonly seen with their Eares so arrayed. 
1734 Watts Relig. Fuv. (1789) 85 Could you .. recover them 
from the deformations and disgraces of time. 1877 J. D. 
Cuambers Div. Worship 13 ‘The deformations perpetrated 
by Wyatt [in a building]. 2 

2. Alteration of form for the worse; esf., in con- 
troversial use, the opposite of reformation. 

1546 Bae Eng. Votaries u. (1550) 48 b, Johan Capgraue 
writeth y' a great reformacyon (a dyfformacyon he shulde 
haue seyd) was than in the Scottish churche. 1581 Petrie 
Guazzo's Civ. Conv, 11. (1586) 81 To seeme young. .[they] con- 
vert their silver haires into golden ones. .this their transfor- 
mation or rather deformation [etc.]. @ 1638 MEprE Disc. xii. 
Wks. (1677) 236 These are the Serpents first-born .. begotten 
.. by spiritual deformation, as they are Devils. 1651 N. 
Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Xxxv. (1739) 159 The great work 
of Reformation, or rather Deformation in the Worship of 
God. 1774 A. Gis Present Truth I. 246 The grievous de- 
formation which has been taking place in the Church state. 
1832 Wuate y in Zi/ (1866) I. 153 A most extensive ecclesi- 
astical reformation (or deformation, as it may turn out). 
1891 W. LockHart Chasuble 7 Before the Protestant De- 
formation of religion in the sixteenth century. 

b. Analtered form of a word in which its proper 
form is for some purpose perverted : 

e. g. the various deformations of the word God, as ‘od, cod, 
dod, cot, cock, cop, etc., formerly so common in asseverations, 
etc., to avoid overt profanity of language, and the breach 
of the Third Commandment, or of statutes such as that of 
3 James I, c. 21 ‘For the preventing and avoiding of the 
great abuse of the holy name of God in stage-plays, inter- 
Iudes’ [etc.]. 


[f Drerorm v. 
Cf. Con- 


DEFORMATIVE. 


3. Physics. Alteration of form or shape; relative 
displacement of the parts of a body or surface 
without breach of continuity ; an altered form of. 

1846 Caytey IWks. I. 234 Two skew surfaces are said to be 
deformations of each other, when for convene eat 
3 lines the torsion is always the same. 1857 WHEWELL 

ist. Induct. Sc. 111. 54 The isogonal curves may be looked 
upon as deformations of the curve. 1869 Purrson tr. Guille- 
min’s The Sun (1870) 81 The deformation of the solar disc 
by refraction. 1893 Forsyru Functions of a Complex Vari- 
able 333 In the continuous Deformation of a surface there 
may be stretching and there may be bending; but there 
must be no joining. 

rmative (difpimitiv), a. nonce-wd. [f. 
L. déformat-, ppl. stem +-IvE.] Having the pro- 
perty of deforming or altering for the worse. 

1641 Prelat. Episc. 10 Whither their courts be reformative 
or deformative. 

Deformed (difp-imd), ff/. a. Also 5 dyf- 
fourmed, difformed. [f. DEFoRM v. +-ED 1.] 

+1. Marred in appearance ; disfigured, defaced. 

c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4115 His face was deformed 
and bolnyd. 1535 CoverDALE /sa. lii. 13 Y° multitude shal 
wondre vpon him, because his face shalbe so deformed & not 


asamans face. 1§53 Even 7 reat. Newe /nd.(Arb.) 23 Theyr | 


women are deformed by reason of theyr greate eyes, greate 
mouthes and greate nosethrilles. 1631 WEEvER Anc. Fun, 
Mon. 791 Beholding the deformed ruines, he could hardly 
refraine from teares. 1632 Lirncow 7 av. v1. 253 Inall this 
deformed Countrey, wee saw neyther house, nor Village. 

2. Marred in shape, misshapen, distorted; un- 
shapely, of an ill form. Now chiefly of persons : 
Misshapen in body or limbs. 

c¢ 1400 MaunpeEv. (1839) v. 47 A monster is a ping difformed 
azen kynde. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 427/2 The most dys- 
fourmed and most myserable he sat nyghe hym. 1574 tr. 
Littleton’s Tenures 24a, One that hath but one foote, or 
one hande, or is deformed. c1600 SHaks. Sonn. cxiii, 
The most sweet fauor, or deformedst creature. 1665 Sik 
T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 338 Many deformed Pagotha’s are 
here worshipped. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics vi. 69 Lions 
have an inclination to their grim mistresses, and deformed 
bears a natural affection to their whelps. 1752 JoHNsoN 
Rambler No. 196 ® 7 Of his children, some may be de- 
formed, and others vicious. 1869 W. P. Mackay Grace 
& Truth (1875) 247 A poor deformed fellow. 


+3. Of irregular form; shapeless, formless. Ods. 

1555 Even Decades 200 Branches full of large and de- 
formed leaves. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 7 Ane King 
at euin .. At morne bot ane deformit lumpe of clay. 1655-60 
Sranuey //ist. Philos. (1701) 186/1 Which .. he from a de- 
formed confusion reduced to beautiful order. 1677 Hate 
Prim. Orig. Man. ww. ii, 297 The great Moles Chaotica .. in 
its first deformed exhibition of its appearance .. had the 
shape of Water. 

4. fig. Perverted, distorted ; morally ugly, offen- 
sive, or hateful. 

1555 EpEN Decades To Rdr. (Arb.) 53 The monstrous and 
deformed myndes of the people mysshapened with phantasti- 
cal opinions. 1604 Marston Madcontent w. iii, Sure thou 
would’st make an excellent elder in a deformed Church. 
1628 Paynne Love-lockes 49 What a deformed thing is it for 
a man to doe any womanish thing! 1667 Mitton /. ZL. v1. 
387 Deformed rout Enter'd, and foul disorder. 1860 Pusry 
Min, Proph. 182 Deformed as is all oppression, yet to op- 
press the poor, has an unnatural hideousness of its own. 


Deformedly (d/fpimédli, difg-amdli), adv. 
Now rare. 


disfigured manner; misshapenly, ill-favouredly. 

1593 NAsHE Christ's T. (1613) 21 You .. cast them to the 
Foules of the ayre, to bee deformedly torne in peeces. 1611 
Sreep Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. viii. (1632) 588 His fingers de- 
formedly growing together. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. 
(1638) 349 A speckled Toad-fish .. not unlike a Tench, but... 
more. .deformedly painted. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. v.v. 
(1713) 411 He that keeps not to the right cloathing will be 
found most deformedly naked. 1685 — Paralip. Prophet. 412. 

+b. fig. With moral deformity. Ods. 

1610 Heatey St, Aug. Citie of God 858 Erring more de- 
formedly .. against the expresse word of God. 

+ Defo'rrmedness. 0¢s. rare. [-Ness.] The 
quality of being deformed ; deformity, ugliness. 

1588 W. Averett Comb. Contrarieties Bij b, Howe doth 
= gluttonie chaunge Natures comlines into foule de- 

‘ormednes? 

Deformer (diff-1mor). [f Derorm v.! + -ER 1, 
One who or that which deforms; in controversia 
use, the opposite of reformer. 

(1962 Win3zet Cert. Tractates iii. Wks. 1888 1. 26 The prin- 
cipall deformare of his allegeit reformatioun. 1g92 Nasne 
P. Penilesse ¥, A mightie deformer of men's manners and 
features is this vnnecessarie vice [drunkenness]. 1 ne 
Goopwin On Revelation Wks. Il. u. 129 (R.) To reduce 
our worship, etc. now into the pattern of the first four or 


five hundred years (which is the plausible pretence of our 
new deformers) is to bring Pi in in. 1689 T. Piun- 
Ket Char. Gd. C ter 54 not Ref S, 


[f. prec. + -Ly *.] In a deformed or | 


142 


1870 Daily News 19 Dec., Inc: ity is a deforming fea- 
ture. 1892 Lp. Ke_vin in Pall Malt G, 1 Dec. 6/3 He 

d now. .a..demonstration of elastic yielding in the 
as a whole, under the influence of a deforming force. : 

ro 3 (difg-aumiti). Also 5 dif-, 5-6 
dyff-. [a. OF. deformité (defformeteit, defformité, 
desformité), ad. L. déformitas, f. déformis: see 
Derorm a. and -Iry. In mod.F. difformité.] 

1. The quality or condition of being marred or 
disfigured in appearance ; disfigurement; unsight- 
liness, ugliness. 

cue Crt. of Love clxvii, For other have their ful shape 
and beaute, And we..ben in deformite. 1483 Caxton 
Gold. Leg. 431/1 Wythout abhomynacion of d a de ne 
of ordure or fylthe. 1514 Barctay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. 
(Percy Soc.) 25 No fautes with Moryans is blacke dy- 
fformyte, Because all the sorte lyke of theyr favour be. 1530 
Raste.ty Bk. Purgat. m1. viii. 2 [The linen cloths] had no 
such spottes or tokens of deformyte to the eye. 1658 Sir T’. 
Browne //ydriot. iii. (1736) 31 Christians have handsomely 
glossed the Deformity of Death by careful Consideration of 
the Body, and civil Rites. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 
(1638) 261 Lastly, they cleanse themselves with purer water, 
supposing contaminated deformitie washt off. 1762-71 H. 
Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint, (1786) 1. 181 Beautifull 
Gothic architecture was engrafted on Saxon deformity. 1805 
Med. ¥rnl. X1V. 107 To prevent the propagation of disease 
[small-pox], and its consequent effects, deformity. 

2. The quality or condition of being deformed or 
misshapen ; esf. bodily misshapenness or malform- 
ation ; abnormal formation of the body or of some 
bodily member. 

©1440 Gesta Rom, \xxviii. 396 (Add. MS.), A dwerfe of a 
litill stature, hauyng ..a in his back, ande crokide fete 
..ande full of alle diformyte. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 330 
Edmunde.. surnamed Crowke backe, was the .. eldest; 
albe it he was put by, by ye meane of his fadre, for his de- 
formytye. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay x. 138 But how can 
mater be without forme, seeing that euen deformitie it selfe 
is a kinde of forme? 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. i. 27 ‘To see 
my Shadow in the Sunne, And descant on mine owne De- 
formity. /did. 1. ii. 57 Blush, blush, thou lumpe of fowle 
Deformitie. 1643 Six 1. Browne Relig. Med. 1. §16 The 
Chaos: wherin .. to speak strictly, there was no deformity, 
because no forme. 1717 Lapy M. W. MontaGu Let. to 
C’tess of Mar 16 Jan., Their fondness for these pieces of 
deformity [dwarfs]. 1801 Med. Yru/. V. 41 In cases of de- 
formity of the pelvis. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. II. i. 22 
Rightly clad, he is a lump of deformity waddling over the 
ice. 

3. (with @ and /.) An instance of deformity ; 
a disfigurement or malformation; now usually 
spec. a malformation of the body or of some bodily 
member or organ. 

1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle u. xlv. (1859) 52 The fowle spottys, 
and wonderful defourmytees, whiche he shold apperceyuen 
in his owne persone, nine Lyte Dodoens tw. \ii. 518 Sonne 
burning, and other suche deformities of the face. a 1662 
Heytyn Laud 1. (1671) 204 Those deformities in it [St. 
Paul's] which by long time had been contracted. 1 
Suttivan View Nat, V. 382 Others .. carry.. maladies anc 
deformities about them, from the cradle to the grave. 1807-26 
S. Coorer First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 411 The tumour some- 
times creates no particular inconvenience; and is merely a 
deformity. ; : 

b. ¢ransf. A deformed being or thing. 

1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 44 Their Gods .. were cut in 
horrid Shapes .. to represent the Divinity .. yet I cannot 
imagine such Deformities could ever be invented for that 
end. 1817 Byron Manfred 1.i, A —_ deformity on high, 
The monster of the upper sky! 1838 Dickens Nich, Nick. 
viii, Children with the countenances of old men, deformities 
with irons upon their limbs. ‘ 

4. fig. Moral disfigurement, ugliness, or crooked- 
ness. 


vice and alkyn deformitee. 1561 ‘Tl. Norton Calvin's Just. 
1. xv. (1634) 74 The corruption and deformitie of our nature. 
1696 STANHOPE Chr, Pattern (1711) 71 If the deformity of 
his neighbour's actions happen to represent that of his own, 
1741 Mippieton Cicero TL. vii. 109 The deformity of 

ang ie conduct. 1860 Emerson Cond. of Life, Behaviour 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 382 It held bad manners up, so that churls 
could see the deformity. 

b. (with a and Z/.) A moral disfigurement. 

1571 Campion //ist. Jred. 11. v. (1633) 80 They declined now 
to such intollerable deformities of life and other superstitious 
errors. 1§76 Fieminc Panopl. Epist. 248, I avgpones ita 
great deformitie, and disorder. 1705 Stannore Paraphr. 1. 
22 Those Vicious Habits which are a Deformity to Chris- 
tians. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 333 Cromwell 
tried to correct the deformities of the representative system. 


4| 5. Misused for Durrormry, difference or diver- 
sity of form ; want of uniformity or conformity. 

1531-2 Latimer in Foxe A. § AM. (1563) 1331/1 Better it 
were to haue a deformitie in preaching .. then to haue suche 
a vniformitie that the sely people shoulde .. continue still in 


still excite Informers, Non-conformers, to indite. 1882 
Atlantic Monthly XLIX. 336 These literary deformers. 

+ Defo-rmidable, a. Obs. rare—'.  [? A mix- 
ture of deformable and formidable.] Tending to 
deformation. 

1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon, Ep. to Rdr. 1 Their brasen 
Inscriptions erazed, torne away, and pilfered, by which in- 
humane, deformidable act, the honourable memory of many 
ae ns deceased, is extinguished, 

(difpimin), v2. sb. [-1NG1.] The 
action of the verb Drrory, q.v. 

1552 Hutoet, Deform vitiatio, 

Deforming, “Ppl. a. [-1xc*.] That deforms: 


‘see the verb, 


«ig a 1623 Pema.e Grace & faith (xbes) The 
est deformity and disagreement .. betweene his know- 


ledge .. and his application thereof to tice, 1658 Sir T. 
Browne Garden of Cyrus ii. 45 The Funeral bed of King 
Cheops. . which holds seven in begets and four foot in bredth, 
had no great defrwnity Gon. this measure. @ 1708 BeverinGE 
Priv. Th. 1, (1730) 12 This Deformity to the Will and Nature 
ao r that wer we = Sin. Poe Kames lem. Crit. 
ed. : remarkable uniformity creatures 

e i edd. daft} no less 


+ Deforrmly, adv. Obs. [f. DEFoRM a. + -LY 2] 
In a ‘ deform’ manner, with distortion, deformedly. 
a 1684 Leicuton Serm. Habak. iii. 17, 18 (R.) A limb out 
¢ joint, py i oil both tefommely and Ley a < 1734 
ORTH Lives (1 . . n laughed, 
visage was Py cn pat deheeiy, 


€ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 141 Purged and clene of all” 


DEFOUL. 
Deforse, etc., obs. forms of DeForce, etc. 


Defortify: see Dr- Il. 1. on 

Defossion (i!irfon).' [mod.L. defossion-em, 
n. of action from L. défodéve to bury (in the earth).] 
(See quot.: but the etymological meaning of the 
word is simply ‘ burying, interment’. Pt 

Cuamsers Cycl, Supp., Defossion, fossio, 3 
Pec» of Merrie cles’ dices among Soemnee 
vestal virgins guilty of incontinency. [Hence in mod. Dicts.] 

+ Defow'l, defoi'l, v. Oss. Forms: a. 3-5 
defoule-n, 4-6 defoul(e, defowl(e, (5 defoulle, 
devoul, def(f)ule, diffowl, dyffowl, 5-6 dif- 
foule). 8. 4-6 defoyle, (5 defuyl(e, diffoyle, 
defoylle), 5-6 defoil. See also Derite. [ME. 
a. OF. defoule-r (defoler, -fuler, fuller) to ee 
down, oppress, outrage, violate, deflower, f. De-I. 1 
+fouler ( foler, fuler) ‘to tread, stampe, or trample 
on, to bruise or crush by stamping’ Cotgr. (= Pr. 
Solar, Sp. hollar, It. follare):—late L. *fullare to 
stamp with the feet, to full (cloth), connected with 
L. fullo, -onem fuller, med.L. fullatorium a fulling- 
mill, etc. Senses 1-5 existed already in OF. ; the 
senses ‘trample in the mud’, and ‘violate poornce ed 
thus coming with the word into English, naturally 
suggested that it contained the native adjective 
Foun, OE. fil, and gave rise to senses 6-8, which 
derive from ‘ foul’, as well as (apparently) to the 
collateral form DeFiLE (q.v.), on the analogy of 
the equivalence of defoul, defile. The phonology 
of the variant defuyle, defoyle (found nearly as 
early as defoule), has not been satisfactorily made 
out: see Forrv. It occurs in the earlier senses, 
and does not appear to have been specially con- 
nected with defile.] 

1. ¢rans. To trample under foot ; tread down. 

a, C1290 S. i a I. 375/297 Defoulede huy [be bones] 
weren so. 1297 R. Grovc. (1724) 536 Hii..orne on him 
= hors, Bd —— 1 — - I Hampo.e 

if ia . ‘oul on on. 1, 
peer a: Mochel is defouled mid pe uet of cohenen he 
robe of scarlet, erpan pet be kuen his do an. 1382 Wycuir 
Matt, vii. 6 Nethir sende 3e 30ure margaritis .. bifore 
swyne, lest perauenture thei defoulen hem with theire feet 
[Vulg. conculcent). c1g00o Three Kings Cologne 
morwe pei sizen be weye gretlich defowled with hors fete 
and opir beestys. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 181 b/1 Thenne 
the knyghtes .. bete & defowleden — under theyr 
feet. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 66b, Wasting and de- 
fouling of their grasse. 

B. 1330 Arth. & Merl. 9297 Ther was defoiled King 
Rion Vnder stedes fet mani on. 1470-85 Matory Arthur 


1. xiv, That were fowle defoyled vnder horsfeet. am i 
3erNERS Froiss. 11. xv. 30 As they rode abrode, thay e 
downe and defoyled their cornes .. and wolde nat kepe the 
highe wayes. : 
b. absol. or intr. see 
B. aE K. Alis. 2463 Me myghte y-seo ther knyghtis 
defoille, Heston blede, braynes boyle, Hedes tomblen. 
To bruise, break, crush (materially). 
¢ 1300 Beket 1100 The bond is undo And al defouled, and 
we beoth delyvred so [cf. Psalm exxiv. 7]. a1 Prose 
Psalter x\v[ij. 9 He shal de-foule bowe and breke armes. 
1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 207 He was woundid for oure 
mysdede, and defouled by oure felonyes. 14.. Voc. in Wr.- 
tilcker 575/12 Contero, to breke or defoule. a Lo, 
Berners Huon cxxi. 433 The Gryffon so sore defowlyd and 
bet hym that he could not ryse vp. : 
3. To trample down or crush (figuratively) ; to 
oppress; to outrage, maltreat, abuse. 
randan The develen .. 


St. Bi nome thane 


the fur him caste. c1325 Z. Z, Addit. P. B. 1129 If folk be 
defowled by vnfre chaunce. 1 Lanct. P. Pi C. xvii. 
195 How ryght holy men lyueden, How thei defouleden here 


B. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 4614 Alle 30ur fon pat with fors 
defoy’ long. 1494 Fapyan Chron. 4 Of Danes, whiche 
Loth landes defoyled By their out 
(1809) 486 Perkyn ..so many times 


vanquished. . 

4. To violate the chastity of, deflower, debauch. 
Often, esp. in later use, with the sense of defile. 

a. crag0 S. Eng. Leg. I. 181/24 Woldest bov defouli mi 
bodi? ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) i, Philip .. De- 
foules per wyues, ber douhtres ny. bi, Per lordes slouh with 
knyues. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 141 After pe first 
nyght pat pase wymmen er so defouled. ¢ Loneticu 
Grail xliii. 163 And for Child beryng neuere defowlid was, 
but Evere Clene virgine be G gras. Caxton 
G. de la Tour Cvj, Their suster that so had be depuceled 
or defowled. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1, xxxvii. 51 The 
Spanyerdes..pilled the towne, and slewe dyuers, and de- 
fowled maydens. 1596 Datrymrte Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1. 
122 Gif quha defoulis a nothir manis wyfe. 

B. 1430-40 Chaucer's Franki. T. 668 (Camb. MS.) Now 
Dn eT ere eal wees tools daly, SRAM 3 
oti SS. with manys ct3 
Hen. VII, c. 2 Women. .been..married to Yh Miledows 
. or defoiled, to the great Displeasure of God. 

5. To violate (laws, holy peste etc.) ; to break 


the sanctity of, profane, pollute. 
a. 13.. Version of Ps. \xxviii. 1 (in Wyclif’s Bible Pref. 
note), Thei def yn thin temple. 1382 Wyciir 
‘att. xii. 5 In sabothis prestis in the temple defoulen the 
sabothis. ¢1400 Maunpevy, (1839) xii. 137 Jewes.. 


DEFOUL. 


defouled the'Lawe, 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 4 He hath .. 
deffuled ch: eS. x — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i 
xxxv. 29a/1 The name of our blessyd sau: pes. doynal berybly 

e 


dis, defouled, 1513 Dovuctas A¢ne2s x, vil. 

uhilk .. Defowlit his fadderis bed incestuusly. 1614 T. 
Warre Martyrd. St. George Bijb, It moued not the Tyrant 
to behold The Martirs goodly body so. defowld. 

B. 13-. Prose Psalter \xxviii. 1 Hij filden [Dudlin MS. 
defoilyd] byn holy temple. © 5490 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 
7373 My kirke pou hase defuyled. 148x Caxton Tulle on 
friendsh. Ciij, That frendship were hurte or defoylled. 
r, 2 STERNHOLD & H. Ps, Ixxix, Thy temple they defoile. 

. To render (materially) foul, filthy, or dirty ; 
to pollute, defile, dirty. 

a, c1320 R. Brunne Medit, 506 With wete and eke dung 
hey hym defoule. 1402 Hoccteve Letter of Cupid 186 

hat bird .. ys dyshonest .. that vseth to defoule his ovne 
neste. 1530 Rastetyt Bk. Purgat. ui. viii, Yf ony of those 
table clothes or napkyns be defouled with dust fylth or 
other foule mater. 1576 Turserv. Venerie 100 An Hart 
defowlant the water. 

B. 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 15b/1 Thy desyrous vysage 
.. the Jewes with their spyttynges have defoylled. 1528 
Roy Rede me (Arb.) 113, Henns and capons Defoylynge 
theym with their durt. 1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. 
Luke xxiv. 191 Not stained or defoiled. 1600 FairFAx 
Tasso vit. 1x, With dust and gore defoiled. 

7. fig. & To defile or pollute morally ; to corrupt. 

a, @1340 HampoLe Psalter 518 Defouland his elde in 
syn. — Wyciir Wks, (1880) 129 To kepe hym self 
unblekkid or defoulid fro pis world. ¢1440 Hytton Scala 
Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. lxiti, Wyth thy pryde thou defowlest 
all thy good dedes, 7484 Caxton Chivalry 45 Chyualrye 
..is defouled by coward men and faynt of herte. 1540 
Taverner Postils, Exhort. bef. Commun., Man, which is 
so much defouled & corrupt in all kynde of unryghtuous- 
nes. @1555 Puitpor Exam. §& Writ, (Parker Soc.) 373 He 
defouleth the whole faith of his testimony, by the falsifying 
of one part. 

B. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. ii. (1495) 29 Angels 
..ben not defoyled wyth none affeccyon. cr Hy ton 
Scala Perf. « de W. 1494) 1. xliii, Yf thou be defoyled 
wyth vaynglory. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 98 Yt was 
defoyled and darkyd and mysshape by synne. 

To render ceremonially or sentimentally un- 
clean ; to defile, sully. 

¢1449 Pecock Refr. 465 To ete with hondis not wayschen 
defoulith not aman, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 141 b/1 The 
mouth whyche god had kyssed ought not to efouled in 
touchyng. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. vu. xlii. § 14. 352 
Must I needs defoule my self, to be his only faire foule. 

ce. To sully (fame, reputation, or the like) ; to 
defame. 

a, c1400 Destr. Troy 2475 Your suster..pat our fame so 
defoules, & is in filth holdyn. c14g0 Golagros §& Gaw. 1038 
Wes I neuer yit defoullit, nor fylit in fame. 

8. 1470-85 Matory Arthur 1x. xxxii, I.. am defoiled 
with falshede and treason. 

8. To make unsightly or ugly [cf. Foun a.], to 
disfigure. 

a, 1387 TrevisA Higden (Rolls) I. 389 And se be faire of 
schap, bey beep defouled and i-made vnseme! ich i-now wib 
here owne clopinge. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xi, The 
soyle defouled with ruyne Of walles olde. 

B. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vu. 1x. (1495) 276 
Blaynes defoylle the skynne and maketh it vnsemely. 

+ Defou'l, defoi'l, s. Ovs. Also defoule, 
-fowle ; defoile. [f. Drrour v.] 

1. Trampling down; oppression, outrage. 

1330 Arth. & Merl. 7 (Matzn.) Ther was fighting, 
ther was toile, And vnder hors knightes defoile. zd. 9191 
‘Ther was swiche cark and swiche defoil. 1400 Eart or 
Dunpar Le?, in C. Innes Scot. Mid. Ages ix. (1860) 263 The 
wrongs & the defowle that ys done me. os Wyntoun 
Cron. vill, xxvi. 54 (Jam.) Lychtlynes and succwdry Drawys 
in defowle comownaly. 1563-87 Foxe A. § J. (1684) 1. 
460/1 If we take this defoule and this disease in patience, 

2. Defilement, pollution. 

c 1325 Z. £. Allit. P. C. 290 Per no de-foule of no fylpe 
watz fest hym abute. 1387 TeetiaA Higden (Rolls) I. 10g 
Pat pe water. .takep no defoul, but is clene i-now. 1398 
Barth. De P. R. xvu. cxxiii. (Tollem. MS.), Picche de- 
foulep..and suche defoule [1535 defoylynge] is unnepe taken 
awey from clope. 

+ Defouled, Z//.a. Obs. [f. Derout v, +-ED.] 
Defiled, polluted, corrupt. 

c144o P . Parv. 116 Defowlyd, deturpatus ..fecu- 
lentus, (P. dehonestatus). 1460 W. Tuorre Test. in Arb. 
Garner V1. 114 Covetous simoners and defouled adulterers. 
1483 Cath. Angl. 94 Defowled, maculatus, pollutus, etc. 

+Defowler. Os. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One 
who defouls. 

14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 617/34, Tritor, a defoulere. 
c Bate Ferra Well 62 Pise dyffoulerys & depryueres of holy 
cherche. 

+ Defowling, defoi‘ling, 77. si. Ods. [f. 
DEFOUL v. + -ING “ The action of the verb 
DerouL: a. Trampling down; b. Violation, de- 
flowering; ¢. Defiling, pollution, defilement; d. 
Disfigurement, 

c 1380 Wycur Se. Wks. III. 200 No comelypae perof 


may askape unpeyned. 1382 — 2 Sam. xxii. 5 There han 
envyround me the defoulyngis of deeth. 1398 Trevisa 
Defoyllyng of 


Barth, De P. R. xvit. cxxni. £495) 68 
pytche is vneth taken awaye from clothe. 14.. Prose 
Legends in Anglia VIII. 158 Made dule for defoylinge of 
chirches, pel y Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 5 Yn 
dispusellyng an dekowiyes of yong madyns. a1450 Knt. 
de la Tour 23 That defoulyng of her uisage. 1483 Cath. 
Angl. 94 A Defowlynge, conculcacio, pollucio, etc. 1 
Stewart Cron. Scot. U1. 124 For the defoulling of his 
dochter deir. 1548 Hatt Chron. 247 b, The bytyng of her 
tethe. .defoulynge of her tayle. 
ound, var. of DerunD v. Obs. 


143 


Defourme, obs. form of DEFoRM. 

+ Defrau'd, sd. Obs. [f. Derravup v., after 
FRAuD sd.]_ = DEFRAUDATION. 

01440 Yacol’s Weill iii. (E. E.T. S.) 21 po arn acursyd, bat 
«.3yuen awey here good. .in defraude of here wyves & chyl- 
deryn. 1493 Sc. Acts Fas. IV (1597) § 85 For the defraud 
done to our Soveraine Lorde in his customes be strangers. 
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 22 Preamb., Their subtill ymagyn- 
acion in defraude of the seid estatutes. 1581 Sc. Acts 
Fas. VI (1597) § 117 Anent .. Alienationes maid in defraud 
of Creditoures, 1800 7rans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVIII. 
216 Without. .being liable to the. .defrauds of the miller. 


Defraud (difrg-d), v. [a. OF. defrauder (des-, 
def-, dif-), 14th c. in Godef., ad. L. défraudare, f. 
De- I. 3 + fraudare to cheat, f. fraus, fraud-em, 
deceit, Fraup.] 

1. To deprive (a person) by fraud of what is his 
by right, either by fraudulently taking or by dis- 
honestly withholding it from him ; to cheat, cozen, 
beguile. Const. of (t/from). 

1362 Lanai, P. Pl. A. vit. 71 He pat beggep.. bote he 
habbe neode. .defraudep be neodi. 14.. Epzph. in Vundale's 
Vis. (1843) 104 They. .thanked God with all her hartis furst 
Whech hathe not defrawded hem of her lust. 1474 Caxton 
Chesse 98 ‘Yo defraude the begiler is no fraude. 1555 
Epen Decades 39 He had .. defrauded the kynge of his 
portion. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 46 ‘This poore Citie, 
was defrauded of her hopes. /é7d. 217, I will a little de- 
fraude the Reader from concluding with a few lines touch- 
ing the first Discoverer. 1752 JoHNsoN Rambler No. 199 
? 7 To defraud any man of his due praise is unworthy of 
a philosopher. 1838 Emerson Addr. Camd., Mass, Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 198 Whenever the pulpit is usurped by a formalist, 
then is the worshipper defrauded. 1880 E. Kirke Garfield 
39 We who defraud four million citizens of their rights. 

+b. with direct and indirect object. Ods. 

1382 Wycur Luke xix. 8 If I haue ony thing defraudid 
ony man I 3elde the fourefold. 1600 HoLtanp Livy iv. xii. 
148 Defrauding servants a portion of their daily food. 1670 
Mitton Hist. Brit. vi. Harold, Harold .. defrauded his 
soldiers their due. .share of the spoils. 

e. absol. To act with or employ fraud. 

1382 Wycur 1 Cor. vi. 8 3e don wrong and defrauden 
(1388 doen fraude] or bigilen and that to britheren. 16x41 
Bisce Mark x. 19 Doe not beare false witnesse, Defraud 
not. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 102 If he is the trustee 
of an orphan, and has the power to defraud. 

2. fig. To deprive or cheat (a thing) of what is 
due to it; to withhold fraudulently. avch. or Obs. 

1497 Br. Atcock Mons Perfect. Dj/3 Vhey selle Cryst 
& defraudeth theyr relygyon. 1559 Br. Cox in Strype Azz. 
Ref. 1, vi. 98 They defrauded the payment of tithes and 
firstfruits, 1660 BoyLe Seraph. Love 26 Where a direct 
and immediate expression of love to God defrauds not any 
other Duty. 1764 Gotpsm. Trav. 277 Here beggar pride de- 
frauds her daily cheer, To boast one splendid banquet once 
a year. a1805 Patry (in Webster 1828), By the duties 
deserted... by the claims defrauded. 

Hence Defrau‘ding v/. sd, 

1548 Unatt, etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Cor. vii. (R.\, To denye 
this right yf eyther of bothe aske it, isa defraudyng. 1651 
Hosses Leviath, u. xxvii. 160 The robbing, or defrauding 
of a Private man. 1659 GaupEN Tears of Ch. 235 Few do 
pay them without delayings, defalkings, and defraudings. 

Defrauda‘tion. [a. OF. defraudation, -acion 
(13-14th c. in Godef.), ad. L. défraudation-em, n. 
of action from défraudaére to DEFRAUD.] The 
action (or an act) of defrauding; fraudulent de- 
privation of property or rights; cheating. 

1502 ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 286 The sayd cardynal. .por- 
chased hymself in gret deffraudacion of your Hyghnes, a 
charter of pardon. 1601-2 FuLBECKE 2d P?. Parall. 23b, 
Here is no defraudation of the Law. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. 1. iii, 11 Deluding not onely unto pecuniary de- 
fraudations, but the irreparable deceit of death. a1716 
BLacKaLL Wks. (1723) I. 190 By such Defraudation we be- 
come Accessaries, etc. 1886 H. D. Trai, Shaftesbury 19 
This defraudation of personal and constitutional rights. 

Defrau‘der. [f. Derraup v.+-ER1: perh.a. 
OF. defraudeor, -eur, ad. L. défraudator-em.] 
One who defrauds, one who fraudulently withholds 
or takes what belongs to another. 

1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech, (1884) 10 Defraudaris of 
waigis fra servandis or labouraris. 1651 Relig. Wotton. 
257 (R.) Decrees against defrauders of the 
1754 RicHarpson Grandison (1766) V. 6 ho would not 
rather be the sufferer than the defender? 1878 NV. Amer. 
Rev, CXXVII. 287 A defrauder of the revenue. 

Defrau‘dful, ¢. Ofs. vare—1. [f. Derraup 
+ -FUL; cf. assistful, etc.) Full of fraud; cheat- 
ing, cozening. 

c1585 Faire Em u. 402 That with thy cunning and de- 
fraudful tongue Seeks to delude the honest-meaning mind ! 

Defrau'dment. ? Ods.  [f. Derraup v, + 
“MENT: perh. a. OF. defraudement, ‘a defrauding, 
deceiuing, beguiling’ (Cotgr.).] The action of 
defrauding ; deprivation by fraud. 

1645 Mitton Coast. Wks. (1851) 352 Perpetual defraud- 
ments of truest conjugal society. 479" Bentuam Draught 
of Code Wks. 1843 IV. 402 ote, Offences..comprised under 

ename of felonies: theft, defraud robbery, homicid 

+ Defray’, sd. Ols. rare—', [f. Derray v.!: 
cf. OF. desfrot, deffray, defrat, f. desfrayer: see 
next.]_Defrayal. 

1615 CHarmaNn Odyss. xtv. 730 Thou..shalt not need, Or 
coat, or other thing .. for defray Of this night’s need. 

fray, error for desray, DERAY. 
fray (dirt), v.1 Also 6 defraie, deffray, 
7 defraye. [a. F. défraye-r, in 14th c. deffroter, 


ublick chests. 


DEFRAYMENT. 


15th c. deffroyer, 16th c. desfrayer, f. des-, de- (DE- 
I. 3, 6 + OF. fraier, freier, froyer to spend, incur 
expense, f. /raz, in 14th c. frazt, pl. frazs, 13th c. 
Sres, expenses, charges, cost.] 

+1. To pay out, expend, spend, disburse (money). 

1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Inestimable summes of 
treasure, to be employed and defrayed about the same. 
c15s5 Harpsriecp Divorce Hen. VI/T (1878) 241 There is 
emption and vendition contracted as soon as the parties be 
condescended upon the price, though there be no money 
presently defrayed. 1600 HoLtanp Livy xxx1x. v. 1026 The 
Senate permitted Fulvius to deffray (éapenderet) what he 
would himselfe, so as hee exceeded not the summe of 80000 
[Asses]. _@ 1610 Hratey tr. Zfictetus’ Man, xxxii. (1636) 
43 Nor hast thou defrayed the price that the banquet is 
sold for: namely praise, and flatterie. 1613 R. C. Zable 
a i (ed. 3), De/raye, lay out, pay, discharge. 

. To discharge (the expense or cost of anything) 
by payment ; to pay, meet, settle. 

1570-6 LamBarDE Peramb. Kent (1826) 110 The King 
shall defray the wages. 1587 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 
III. 130 The College cannot possibly defray its ordinary 
expenses without some other help, over and beyond the 
ordinary revenues. 1639 Futter //oly War tv. xiii. (1840) 
202 Meladin. .offered the Christians. .a great sum of money 
to defray their charges. 1745 in Col. Rec. Penn. V. 6 Yo 
draw Bills for defraying the Expence. 1838 ‘THirLWALL 
Greece Il. 208 The cost of the expedition to Naxos he 
pledged himself to defray. 1868 Freeman Norv. Cong. 
ae II. ix. oq The payment was defrayed out of the spoils. 

”. 


. Jig. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia (1674) 328 With the death of some 
one striving to defray every drop of his blood. 1590 SPENSER 
i. Q. 1. v. 42 Can Night defray The wrath of thundring 
Joue. 1596 /did. Iv. v. 31 Nought but dire revenge his 
anger mote defray. 

3. To mect the expense of ; to bear the charge of ; 
pay for. Now rare or arch. 

1581 LamparDe £7rex. iv. xxi. (1588) 623 To bestowe the 
whole allowance upon the defraying of their common diet. 
1587 FLeminc Contnu. Holinshed M11. 1371/2 The enterprise 
..to be defraied by the pope and king of Spaine. c 1645, 
Howe  Le??. 1. 1. xi, It serv’d to defray the expenceful 
Progress he made to Scotland the Summer following. 1830 
De Quincey Bentley Wks. VII. 64 A poor exchequer for 
defraying a war upon Bentley. 1859 C. Barker Assoc. 
Princ. il. 51 The estate of the defunct member was not 
sufficient to defray his funeral. 

+4. To pay the charges or expenses of (a per- 
son) ; to reimburse; to entertain free of charge. 

1580 SipNEY Arcadia 1. (1590) 5 Defraying the mariners 
with a ring bestowed upon them. 1607 Sir E. Hosy in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 111.87 He..would not land at Dover till 
he had indented with Sir Thomas Waller that he should be 
defrayed during his aboad.  @ 1626 Bacon New A?Z. (1650) 

The State will defray you all the time you stay. 1686 I. 

PENCE tr. Varillas’ Ho. Medict 44 ‘The Pitti’s were de- 
fray’d at Venice at the public cost. 1724 Dre For Alem. 
Cavalier (1860) 80 A warrant to defray me, my horses and 
servants at the King’s charge. 1858 CarLyLe Freak. Ct. 
I. tv. iv. 424 Such a man [Czar Peter] is to be royally 
defrayed while with us; yet one would wish it done cheap. 

Hence Defray'ing vd/. sb. 

1587 R. Hovenpen in Hearne Cod/ect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 
195 The defraieinge of our .. expences. _ 1632 Litucow 
Trav. 1x. 387 Disbursed. .for. .high-wayes, Lords pensions, 
and other defrayings. 1651 Hoppers Leviath. 1v. xliv. 336 
The defraying ofall publique charges. 1783 A1InswortH Lat. 
Dict. (Morell) 1, A defraying, pecuniz erogatio. 

+ Defray’,v.2_ Obs. [app. a. OF. *des-, defrater, 
f. des-, de- (DE- II. 3, 6) + freter, froter, frater to 
tub, rub off, Fray:—L. fricadre to rub.) ¢rans. 
? To rub off or away. 

1532 R. Bowyer in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xvii. 135 He 
intendeth not to infringe, annul, derogate, defray or minish 
anything of the popes authority. 

efrayable (difréi-Ab’l), a. [f. DEFRay v.! + 
-ABLE.] Liable to be defrayed, payable. 

1886 Manch. Exam. 25 Mar. 5/2 Defrayable out of local 
contributions. 

Defrayal (difret-al). [f. Derray v.! + -ax.] 
The action of defraying ; defrayment. 

1820 Examiner No. 648. 577/2 [He] expects nothing but 
the defrayal of his expenses. 1883 W. E. Norris Vo New 
Thing U1, xiii. 3 Her share..was confined to the defrayal of 
its cost. 

Defray‘er. [f. Drrray v. +-ER1: cf. obs. F. 
defrayeur in Cotgr. 1611.] One who defrays or 
discharges a monetary obligation ; a payer of ex- 
penses. 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 273 The Registers and Records 
kept of the defrayers of the charges of common Plays. 1755 
Jounson, Defrayer, one that discharges expences. 

Defrayment (dtfré'mént). [a. OF. deffraye- 
ment (desfrotement), f. deffrayer to DEFRAY: see 
-MENT.] The action or fact of defraying: +a. 
Expenditure. Obs. b. Payment of expenses or 
charges, discharge of pecuniary obligations. 

1547 Privy Council Acts (1890) I1. 135 Mmm... .towardes 
defrayment of the charges of his Majeste. 1579 FENTON 
Guicciard. 1x. (1599) 388 To pay within a certaine time for 
all defrayments, twentie thousand duckets, 1611 SpeeD 
Hist. Great Brit, 1x. xiii. § 85 [To pay ..] toward the 
defraiment of the Dukes huge charges. 1620 SHELTON 
Quix. 1.7 (T.) Let the traitor pay, with his life’s defray- 
ment, that which he attempted with so lascivious a desire. 
1656 Eart Monm. Advt. fr. Parnass. 354 If we were not 
fed by the free defrayment of our Cornucopia. 1762 tr. 
Backing’ Syst. Geog. V. 541 Applied for the defrayment 
of the electoral council colleges. ms Sen C.S. C, Bowen 
in Law Reports 13 Q. Bench Div. 91 Part of the disburse- 
ments consisted in the defrayment of these expenses. 


DEFREIGHT. 
+ Defrei'g 


ht, v. Obs. rvare—'. [f. De- Il. 1 
or 2 + Freiaut: cf. disload, disburden.] trans. 
To relieve of freight or cargo ; to unload. 

1555 Even Decades 212 The port or hauen is so commo- 
dious to defraight or vnlade shyppes. 

+ Defrenate, te, v. Obs. Surg. 
Uf ppl. stem of L. défrénare to unbridle; f. Dr- I. 

+frenum, frenum bridle, curb, ligament.) To 
remove a frzenum or restraining ligament. 

1758 J.S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) 92 To defrenate 
the Aponeurosis. /did. 278, I had. .defraenated the Sinus’s 
and scarified the Sides of the Fistula. pd 

Defrica‘tion. vave. [ad. L. défrication-em, 
n. of action f. L. défricdre to rub off, rub down.] 
Rubbing, rubbing off. 

1727 in Baitey vol. II; and in some mod. Dicts. 

Defrock (difrp'k), v. [a. F. défroquer, in 15th 
c. deffr-, f. des-, d& (De- I. 6) + frogue Frock. 
Cf. DisFrocK.] ¢rans. To deprive of the priestly 
garb; to unfrock. Hence Defrocked (d/frp'kt) Af/.a. 

1581 J. Hamitton Facile Traict. (1600) 440 This defrokit 
frere .. mariet a zoung las of xv zearis auld. 1891 Zadlet 
21 Feb. 294 The eloquent defrocked have denounced .. the 
vows which they failed to keep. 

+ Defroy'sse, v. Obs. [a. OF. defroissier (des-, 
def-), f. des-, dé- (DE- 1. 6) + froissier, frozsser to 
rub violently, bruise, crush:—L. type */rictiare, 
deriv. of frict-us rubbed, pa. pple. of /ricare.] 
trans. To crush to pieces. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x1. xix, The wawes defroyssed 
and al [to] brake the sterne and other garnysshyng. 

frut. Obs. rare— 1. [ad. L. defrutum must 
boiled down.] Must boiled down. 

c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. xi. 484 Defrut, carene, & sape in 
oon manere Of must is made. 

Deft (deft), z. Also 3-5 defte. [app. a doublet 
of Dart, repr. OE. geda/te, for zedge fre, mild, gentle, 
meek, from stem dad- in Gothic gadaban to be- 
come, befit: cf. OE. gedwfen becoming, fit, suitable.] 

+1. Gentle, meek, humble; =Darri. Ods. rare. 

c1220 Bestiary 36 Dat defte meiden, Marie bi name De 
him bar to manne frame. 

2. Apt, skilful, dexterous, clever or neat in 
action. 

©1440 York Myst. i. 92, I sall be lyke vnto hym pat es 
hyeste on heyhte ; Owe! what I am derworth and defte. 
1sgz G. Harvey Jour Lett. 57 Whether the Deft writer 
be as sure a workeman as the neat Taylor. 1598 CHAPMAN 
/liad 1. 580 A laughter never left Shook all the blessed 
deities, to see the lame so deft At that cup service. 1601 
B. Jonson Poetaster vy. iii, Well said, my divine, deft 
Horace. 1607 Lingua ut. v.in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 394 Their 
knowledge is only of things present, quickly sublimed with 
the deft file of time. 1855 Ropinson Wiitby Gloss., Deft, 
neat, clever. ‘She is a deft hand with a needle.’ 1863 Geo. 
Euiot Romo/la 1. ix, Smitten and buffeted because he was 
not deft and active. 1864 CartyLe Fred. Gt. IV. xu. xi. 
254 A cunning little wretch, they say, and of deft tongue. 

. Of actions: Showing skill or dexterity in 
execution. 


1647 H. More Philos. Poems, Oracle 90 Break off this | 


musick, and deft seemly Round. 1714 Gay Sheph. Week 
i. 56 The wanton Calf may skip with many a Bound, And 
my Cur Tray play deftest Feats around. 1853 C. Bronte 
Villette i, The creature .. made a deft attempt to fold the 
shawl. 1878 H. S. Witson A/p. Ascents iii. 97 With deft 
blows of the untiring axe. ; 

+. transf. Of a metal: Apt for working, easily 
wrought. Ods. 

1683 Phil. Trans. XIII. 193 How to make brittle gold 
deft and fit to be wrought. 

3. Neat, tidy, trim, spruce; handsome, pretty. 
Still dal, 

{The sense ‘neat in action’ (see 2) ba soo to have passed 
into ‘neat in person’. Cf. similar developments, under 
buxom, canny, clever, handsome, tidy, and other adjectives 
expressing personal praise. 

1579, 1589 [see Derry 2]. 1600 Heyvwoop 1 Edw. /V 
Wks. 1874 I. 83 By the messe, a deft lass! Christs benison 
light on her. 1600 Hottanp Livy tv. xliv. 168 In her raiment 
. not so deft [sc’te] as devout..her garments rather sainctly 
than sightly. 16x Cotcr., Gres/et .. little, ttie, deft, 
smallish, 1622 Row.anps Good Newes 20 Shee came to 
London very neat and deft, To seeke preferment. ie 
Ray N.C. Words 20 De/?, little and pretty, or neat. A Deft 
man or thing. It is a word of general use all England 
over. 7g ¥. Hutton Jour Caves Gloss., Deft, pretty, 
agreeable. 1788 W. Marsuatt £. Yorksh. Gl Deft, 
neat, pretty, hand 1873 Swaledale Gloss., Det, neat, 


pretty. 

4. Quiet. Cf. Derriy 3. Still dad. 

1763 Byrom Careless Content (R.), Or if ye ween, for 
worldly stirs, That man does right to mar his rest, Let me 
be deft, and debonair, I am content, I do not care. 1878 
Cumbrid. Gloss. (Central), Deft, quiet, silent. 

+5. Stupid; =Darr 2. Ods,-° 

c 1440 Promp. Parv. 116 Defte [v. x. deft] or dulle, obtusus, 
agrestis. 

6. quasi adv. Deftly. 

1805 Scorr Last Minstr.1. xv, Merry elves their morrice 
pacing..Trip it deft and merrily. 

7. Comb., as deftfingered, -handed. 

1860 W. J. C. Muir Pagan or Christian ? 36 Being deft- 
po ag A o m4 biol in eed. time bape oe She die in 
their ee Own Pa, ug. e not 
Smet 

Deftly (de'ftli), adv. Also 6-8 defily, 7 defly, 
deaftly. [f. Derr+-ty2,] Ina deft manner. 

1. Aptly, skilfully, cleverly, dexterously, nimbly. 


144. 


1856 R.A. Vaucuan Mystics (1860) II. 97 
threadwork of the tissues. é 

2. Neatly, tidily, trimly; prettily, handsomely. 
Still dial. 

1579 G. Given tr. Marnix's Beehive Rom. Ch. Z5(N.) 
Delily deck’d with all costly jewels, like puppets. 1589 
Pasquil’s Ret. B iij b, Verie defflie set out, with Pompes, 
Pagents, Motions..Impreases. 1847 J. Witson Chr. North 
(1857) II. 4 Deftly arrayed in home-spun drapery. 1859 
Hevps Friends in C. Ser. 1. I. i. 6 The grass which deftly 
covers without hiding. A 

3. Softly, gently, quietly. dza/. 

1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Deftly, softly, leisurely. 1802 
Worpsw. Stanzas, ‘ Within our happy Castle’ 58 A pipe on 
which the wind would deftly play. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., 
Deftly, quietly, softly. 1873 Swaledale Gloss., Deftly, 
neatly, gently, softly, orderly: see Cannily. 

Deftness (de'ftnés). [-NESs.] 

+1. Neatness, trimness. Ods. or dial. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb. ii. FR By her, two little Iles, her 
handmaids (which compar'd ith those within the Poole 
for deftness not out-dar'd). : 

2. The quality of being deft, cleverness, dexterity, 
neatness of action. 

1853 Miss E. S. Suepparp C. Auchester 1. 316 He assisted 
me .. with that assiduous deftness which pre-eminently dis- 
tinguishes the instrumental artist. 1868 Sat. Rez. 13 June 
777/1 They can neither tie a string nor fasten a button with 
ordinary deftness. ee 

+ Defude, v. Obs. rare. [perh. misprint for 
defiide = defunde, £. L. defundére.]_ To pour off. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 29/2 Then defude 
the wyne from the Spices, and distille the same. 

Defule, obs. var. of DEFOUL v. 

Defull: see DEEFUL. 

+ Defulmina‘tion. Os. vare—'. [f. De- 1. 
1 + FULMINATION.] The sending down of thunder- 
bolts. 

1615 T. Apams Sfir. Navig. 21 He is not only as manacles 
to the hands of God to hold them from the defulmination 
of judgement. 

Defunct (difenkt), a. and sb. [ad. L. dfunct- 
us discharged, deceased, dead, pa. pple. of dé/ungiz 
to discharge, have done with, f. DE- I. 6 +/ungi to 
perform, discharge (duty). Perh. immed. a. F. de- 


deftly-woven 


| funct (Cotgr. 1611), now défunt.] 


A. adj, Having ceased to live; deceased, dead. 
[1398 ‘T'revisa Barth. De P. R. v1. ii. (1495) 187 A deed 

body is callyd Defunctus, for he hath lefte the offyce of lyfe.} 
1599 Suaxs, /fex. V, tv. i. 21 The Organs, though defunct 
and dead before, Breake vp their drowsie Graue. 160: 
Jas. Lin Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 65 To do that and a 
other honnor that we may unto the Queene defunct. 1605 
Bacon Adv. Learn. u. x. § 5. 42 The anatomy is of a defunct 
patient. 1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 2981/3 Two defunct Knights 
of the Order. 1828 Scotr /. M. Perth xx, Now, Simon 
.. what was the purport of the defunct Oliver Proudfute's 
discourse with you? 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. xx. 341 The 
stock in trade of a defunct doctor. : 

b. fig. No longer in existence ; having ceased 
its functions ; dead, extinct. 

1741 Love of Fame (ed. 2 74 Defunct by Phoebus’ laws, 
beyond redress. 1809-10 Coteripce Friend (ed. 3) II. 20 
This ghost of a defunct absurdity. 1834 Mepwin Angler in 
Wales 1. 24 It appeared, some months ago, in a defunct 
sage 1878 Stewart & Tarr Unseen Unit, iii. § 115 

ue to the crashing together of defunct suns. - 

B. sb. The defunct: the deceased; hence, with 
pl. (rare), one who is dead, a dead 

1548 Hatt Chron. Hen. VIII, an. 1 (R.) The 
said defunct [the late kyng] was brought .. into the great 
chamber, 1611 Suaks. Cymd. tv. ii. 358 Nature doth abbosre 
to make his bed With the defunct, or a upon the dead, 
1663 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 479 The . . hors-litter. . 
where was the defunct, drawne bysix horses. 1715 M. Davies 
Ath. Brit. 1. is Those two t a Defuncts. 
1771 SmotLetr Humph. Cl. i 5) 217 Knavish priests, who 
hem that the devil could have no power over the de- 
unct, if he was interred in holy ground. 1828 Lanpor 
Imag. Convers. 111. 392 Indifferent whether the with 
= ~ —- — ier ae = the eres be quick or slow. 
1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855) 251 Accosting a ser- 
vant .. he demanded the name mH the defunct. 7888 I. om 
Lear Poe isition 1. 391 A ing five 
functs. 


Defunction a rare. 


of the 


will be entirely .. dissipated before the body visibly decays. 
1859 Puncha Jaly8/2 jbnoxious p ’s defunction 
Defu'nctionalize, v. [Dr- Il. 1.] “vans. To 
deprive of function or office. 
aby Cours Fur Anim. i. 12 Back w lar defunc- 
tionalized'as a ‘sectorial’ tooth. /#id. xi. 325 The sectorial 
teeth are defunctionalized as such. 


DEFY. 


+ Defu'nctive, «2. Ods.rare—". [f. L. dafunct- 
ppl. stem (see DEFUNCT) +-IVE.] Of or pertaining 
poy ay alles "urtle 14 Let the 

 Phani - rot ; 
white, That dehenrtive mesic can, Be the dendhdtreing 


s. [-NESS.] The state of bei 
defunct ; extinctness. heine 


1883 Wricnt Dogmatic Scept. 7 This gave scepticism its 
crowning emancipation, finally ientiog , miraculous into 
everlasting defunctness. 


+ Defu'nd, v. Obs. rare. Also 6 defound. 
[ad. L. défundére (or its OF. repr. defondre, des-, 
def-), £. Du- 1.1 +fundére to pour. See also Dir- 
FUND.] ¢rans. To pour down. 

3513 UGLAS Aineis 1x. viii. 4 The son scheyn Begouth 
defund [v.7. defound] hys bemys on the greyn. /did. xu. 
Prol. 41 Fvrth. .ischyt Phebus Deft dand [v.7. defoundand 
from hys sege etheriall Glaid influent aspectis celicall. 

Defuse, -ed, -edly, Defusion, -ive, obs. ff. 


DIFFUSE, etc. 
+ Defu'st, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. med.L. dz 
(1644 


JSustare (Du Cange), f. Dr- + fustis cudgel.] 

ot J Cocxeram, Defust, to cudgle, or beat one. 
Vindex Anglicus 5 How ridiculous ..is the merchandise 
they seeke to sell for currant. Let me afford you a few ex- 
amples .. Read and censure. Adpfugne, Algate, Daffe .. 
Defust, Depex .. Contrast, Catillate, etc.) 

+ Defy’, 5. Obs. [a. F. défi, earlier defy 
(15th c. in Littré), f. deffi-er, defi-er to Dery.] 
Declaration of defiance ; challenge to fight. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 272 Hee .. because he found 
Amphialus was inflexible, wrote his defie vnto him in this 
maner. 1600 Fairrax Jasso vi. xx,Arme you, my Lord, he 
said, your bold defies By your braue foes accepted boldly 
beene. 1612 Bacon Charge touching Duels, en he had 
himself given the lie and defy tothe Emperor. 1645 Evetyn 
Diary (1827) 1. 279 There had been in the morning a tour- 
nament of severall young gentlemen on a formal defy. 1700 
Drvven Pal. & Arc. 1856 At this the challenger with fierce 
defie His trumpet sounds: the challeng’d makes reply. 
ar Nortn Exam. 1. ii. § 75 (1740) 69 at becomes of 
his Grace's improper Defy to them? 

Defy (dtfai’), v.1 Forms: 4-6 defye, 4-7 -fie, 
5~- defy, (also 4 defyghe, 4-5 deffie, -fye, dify, 
diffie, -fy(e, dyffy(e). ge a. OF. des-, def-, 
defier (mod.¥. défier) = Pr. desfiar, desfizar, It. 
disfidare, diffidare, med.L. diffidare (Du Cange) :— 
Rom. *disfidare, f. Dis- privative + */7dare to trust, 
give faith to (f. L. fidus faithful). The sense- 
development appears to have been ‘to renounce 
faith, alliance, or amity with, declare hostility 
against, challenge to fight’; the later sense ‘ dis- 
trust ’ found in modern F., and occasionally in Eng., 
is, according to Darmesteter, perh. taken over from 
L. diffidére to distrust, of which the OF. repr. was 
difier : see sense 7.] 

+1. ¢rans. To renounce faith, allegiance, or 
affiance to (any one); to declare hostilities or war 
against ; to send a declaration of defiance to. Ods. 

¢ 1300 K. Alis. 7201 Pors .. saide .. Yeldith him my feute 
I no kepe with him have no lewte. Syggith him Y him de- 

ith sweord and with chyvalrye | Of him more holde 

nulle. cr, R. Brunne C . (810) 46 Edmunde bi 
messengers erle he diffies. c1450 Merlin 70 He hym 
diffied at the ende of xl dayes, he seide he sholde — 
diffende yef he myght. 1568 Grarton Chron, IL. 228 
King sent other Amb dors .. to him ; and that 
if he would not be otherwise advised, then the king gave 
them full authoritie to defye him. 1885 C. Piummer 
Fortescue's Abs. & Lim. Mon, 258 oye Douglas .. defied 
the king [of Scotland], and offered his homage to the King 
of England. : 

+b. To repudiate, disavow. Obs. 

1386 Cuaucer An's, 7’. 746, 1 defye the seurete and the 
bor Which that thou seist pat I haue maad to thee. 

2. To challenge to combat or battle. arch. 
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumd. 655 If pov art to fizte bold com on y 
diffye! 1470-85 Matory Arthur xu. xv, Tho knyghtes in 


fyghe, 


the Castel defyen yow. 1595 Suaxs. Yohn ni. i. 406 Defie 
each other, and pell-mell Mike worke our selues, for 
heauen or hell. Mitton /. L. 1. 2 ’ infernal Serpent 
+ Who durst defie th’ Omnipotent to Arms. x RicHarp- 


son Grandison 1, xxxix. 291 A man who defies his fellow- 
creature into the field, in a private quarrel, must first defy 
his God. 1870 Bryant /Zfad I. 11. 102 Go now, Defy him to 
the combat once again. 
+b. intr. To utter defiance. Obs. 

¢ 1400 Rowland § O. 449 Appon sir Rowlande he gan defy 
With a full hawtayne steven. 

3. trans. To challenge to a contest or trial of 
skill ; esp. to challenge to do (what the challenger 


is pig to maintain cannot be done). Const. 
zo and inf. 

1674 Brevint Saul at Endor 366, I defie all the Roman 
Preachers to say anything to justifie what be: Se upon this 
account. 1697 Drypen oe. Cay 1. 773 Groom his 
Fellow-Groom at Buts de! 1770 Funius Lett. xxxvii. 
181, I the most subtile lawyer in this country to point 

i i exceeded the truth. 


184 on Voy Nat eGtss pha phen at firs 
WIN . . 1 art, one t 
da Mi pt, bie het ng te i for Bport. 1887 
Bowen Virg. Aineid v1. 171 In wild ing the Ocean 
Gods to compete. 
4. To challenge the power of ; to set at defiance ; 


to resist boldly or openly ; to set at nought. 
1 Lanet. P. Pi. he asta ly... 
Deed {C. xxi. 66 Defieden] al falsenesse and folke pat hit 


—— 


JSrane’s Cirurg, 222 If 


DEFY. 


vsed. ¢ sg Cuaucer Sompn. 7. 220 For hir lewednesse 
I hem diftye. 1393 Gower Conf III. 311 Ha, thou fortune, 
I the defie, Now hast thou do to me thy werst. 1530 Patscr. 
515/2, I diffye, I set at naught. 1670 DryDeN Cong. Granada 
1. i, From my walls I defie the Powr’s of Spain. 1717 ‘T. Tup- 
way in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. IV. 313 Witha thousand other 
insolent speeches defying the Vice-Chancellor and Heads. 
1857 Maurice £f. St. Yohn xiv. 224 The Apostles could not 
defy the witness of the conscience. 

b. Said of things: To resist completely, be 
beyond the power of. 

171s tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1. u. xix. 116 It 
[Naphtha]. .defies to be quench’d by any Moisture whatever. 
1794 Mrs. Ravcurre Myst. Udolpho xv, Others seemed to 
dete all description, 1838 Tuirtwat Greece ILI. xx. 125 
The fortress defied their attacks. 1871 Mortey Voltaire 
(1886) 242 Holiness, deepest of all the words that defy defi- 
nition. 

+5. To set at nought; to reject, renounce, de- 
spise, disdain, revolt at. Ods. 

c1320 R. Brunne Med. 743 Y haue be skurged, scorned 
dyffyed, Wounded, angred, and crucyfyed. c 1440 Promp. 
Parv. 115 Dyffyyn, or vtterly dyspysyn, vilipendo. 1484 
Caxton Curiall g Certes, brother, thou demandest that 
whyche thou oughtest todeffye. 1537 TurNERO/deLearnyng 
To Rdr., Some ther be that do defye All that is newe, and 
ever do crye The old is better, away with the newe. 1549 
Otve Erasm. Par. Thess. 4, 1 defie all thinges in com- 

arison of the gospel of Christ. 1600 SuHaxs, A. Y. L 

pil. 2x If I were a Woman, I would kisse as many of you 
as had.. breaths that I defi’de not. x60x Downf. Earl 
Huntington v. in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 199 No, Iohn, I 
defy To stain my old hands in thy youthful blood. 1727-38 
Gay Fadles 1. xxvi, 17 He next the mastiff’s honour try'd, 
Whose honest jaws the bribe defy’d. 

6. ? To reprobate; to curse. Ods. 

©1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 95 Hise deedli synnis he gan 
to ache: I Hau rap teted 2b, The faire damoselles 
defied that daie [at Agincourt] in the whiche thei had lost 
their paramors, ; 

+7. intr. To have or manifest want of faith ; to 
have distrust of. Ods. [OF. difier de, 12th c. in 
Hatzf.] 

¢ 1380 Wycuir lks. (1880) 479 He were a fool out of 
bileue pat diffiede heere of Cristis help. r1g02 Ord. Crysten 
Men (W. de W. 1506) 11. xviii. 136 We sholde defye aboue 
all of our strength & our merytes. 1613 R. C. Zable Alph. 
(ed. 3), Defie, distrust. 

+ , v2 Obs. Forms: 4-6 defye, 4-5 
defie, deffye, 5 dyffye, difye, defy, defyyn. 

{The word has all the appearance of being of F. origin, but 
no equivalent OF, defer has yet been recorded, nor is it 
clear what the etymology of such a form would be. Phono- 
logically, it might answer to L. défecdre, défécare (see Dr- 
FECATE); but the sense offers difficulties. It has been sug- 
gested, however, that if x b were the starting-point, it might 
conceivably answer to a late L. défecdre stomachum (cf. 
dissolveré stomachum Pliny). But the sense-development 
remains uncertain, and the order here followed is provi- 
sional, It may be that ‘dissolve’ was the primary sense.] 

1. trans. To digest (food). Said of a person, 
of the stomach or other organ, of nature, a sol- 
vent, etc. 

1362 Lanct. P. Pi. A. Prol. 108 Good wyn of Gaskoyne 
And wyn of Oseye, Of Ruyn and of Rochel pe Rost to 
defye. 1377 /did. B. xut. 404 More mete ete and dronke 
pen kende mi3t defie. did. B. xv. 63 Hony is yuel to 
bat an 1382 Wycuir 1 Samz. xxv. 37 Whanne Naabal hadde 
defied the wyn [Vulg. digessisset]. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 
25 My stomack may it nought defie. c1400 Lanfranc's 
Cirurg. 240 If .. pe patient mai not wel defie his mete, 
©1440 Promp. Parv, 115 Defyyn’mete or drynke, digero. 
1542 Boorpe Dyetary ix. (1870) 250 The lyuer .. can not 
truely decocte, defye ne dygest the superabundaunce of 
meate & drynke the whiche is in the stomacke, 

b. To defy the stomach, a person ; to digest the 
stomach; see DicEst v. 

1393 Gower Conf, III. 41 Nero than .. slough hem, for he 
wolde se The whose stomack was best defied. And whan 
he hath the sothe tried, He found that he, which goth the 
pas, Defied best of alle was. ?c 1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 761 
Ye shall have rumney and malmesyne..Rochell, The reed 
your stomake to defye, 

2. intr. Of food: To undergo digestion, to digest. 

¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 28 Ac [hyt). .defith nau3t ase thy mete... 
Nabyd hy3t nau3t ase other mete Hys tyme of defyynge. 
1362 Lanai. P. P/. A. v. 219 For hungur as for Furst I 
make myne A-you, Schal neuer fysch on Fridai defyen in 
my mawe. 

3. trans. To make ready by a process likened to 
digestion, to ‘ concoct’. 

€1380 Wyctir Serm. xxxiii. Sel. Wks. I. 88 Water .. is 
drawen in to be vine tree and sip in to pe grapis, and by 
tyme defyed til pat it be wyn. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De 
P. R,1W, vii, (Tollem, MS.), It is seyde pat yf blood is wel 
sode and defied, berof men makeb wel talow, cx400 Lan- 

a drawist out pe matere pat is 
neische pe matere pat is is yvel to defie, 

b. To dissolve, waste by dissolution. 

1393 Gower Conf. ae Pilke ymage Thei drowen out and 
als so faste Fer into Tibre bei it caste, Wher be riuere it hab 
defied. c 1490 Lypa. Bochas vi. xv. (1554) 162 b, The honde, 
the head .. Were... Upon a stake set vp .. There to abyde 
where it did shyne or reyne With wynde and wether til o- 
wer defyed, 

Cc. 2ntr, 

©1420 Pallad. on Husb. 111. 1160 (Fitz. MS.) The mirtes 

baies ee -hit is to take And honge hem in pat Ra wessell 
ywrie cloos & long in hit let hem defie, 

4. To defy out: to eject as excrement; to void. 

I Wycur Deut, xxiii, 13 Whanne thow sittist, thow 
shalt delue bi enuyrown, and the defied out thow shalt 
couer with erthe, in the whych thow art releued, 


Defyer, obs. form of DrFiEr, 
VoL, III, 


145 


Defy‘ing, 2/. sb.' [f. Dery v1 + -1nG1.] 
The action of Dery v.!; a defiance, a challenge. 

¢1300 K. Adis. 7289 Alisaunder..hath afonge thy defiying. 
c1440 Promp, Parv. 116 Defyynge, or dyspysynge, vidi- 
pencio, floccipencio. 1483 Cath. Angl. 94 Defiynge, despec- 
cto, etc.; vbi a disspysynge. 


1 Detying vol. sb.2 [f. DEFY v.2 + -1NG1.] 
The action of digesting ; digestion. 


¢ 1315 [see Dery v.2 2]. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 162 Pese 
arterys goip to.. be lyvere & gevep him vertu ful myche 
& makip defiynge. c1440 Promp. Parv. 116 Defyynge of 
mete or drynke, digestio. 1483 Cath. Angl. 94 A Defiynge, 
digestio. | 

efy'ing, 7//. a. [f. Dery v.1+-ING1.] That 
defies ; defiant. 

1834 Macautay Pitt Ess. (1854) 309/1 His impetuous, 
adventurous and defying character. 

Hence Defy:ingly adv., defiantly, with de- 
fiance. 

_ 1831 L. E. L. in Examiner 821/1 The petticoat is defy- 
ingly dragged through the mud. 1856 Mrs. BrowninG 
Aur. Leigh. pt I looked into his face defyingly. 

Defyne, Defynicion, etc., obs. ff. DErinr, 
DEFINITION, etc. 

Deg, v.1 dial. [var. of Dac v.4] a. trans. 
To sprinkle with water; to damp. b. zz¢r. To 
drizzle. Hence Degging vé/. sb.; in comb. deg- 
ging-can, -cart, -machine (see quots.). 

1674 in Ray NV. C. Words 14. 1854 W. GasKELL Lect. 
Lance, Dial, 28 (Lanc. Gloss.) The word which a Lancashire 
man employs for sprinkling with water is ‘to deg’, and 
when he degs his garden he uses a deggin-can. 1865 Miss 
Lanee Carter's Struggles vii. 53 (ibid.), Si’ tho’ what a 
deggin’ hoo’s gin me. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Degging- 
machine (Cotton), One for damping the fabric in the process 
of calendering. 1885 Manch. Exam. 14 Aug. 2/6 It was 
usual for the degging cart to go three times over the ground 
..as twice going over would not deg across the road, 1892 
Northumb. Wads., Deg, to drizzle=Dag. 

| Dégageé (degaze), a.; fem.-6e. [F. pa. pple. 
of dégager to disengage, put at ease.] Easy, un- 
constrained (in manner or address). 

xé VansruGH Relapse iv. vi. 218, I do use to appear 
a little more dégagé. 1712 BupGett Sfect. No. 277 » 8 An 
Air altogether galant and dégagé. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W. 
xxxix, Mamma pretended to be as dégagée as I. 1855 
Dickens Dorrit (Househ. ed.) 203/2 You ought to make 
yourself fit for it [Society] by being more dégagé and less 


preoccupied. 

+ Degalant, a. Obs. rave. [f. De- Il. 3 + 
galant, GALLANT a.] Ungallant, wanting in gal- 
lantry. 

1778 Hist. Eliza Warwick 11.6 The most insensible of 
lovers, the most degalant bridegroom. 

+ Dega‘mboy. Os. Short for viol-de-gamboy 
(Shaks.) = vzo/a-da-gamba, a musical instrument : 
see GAMBA and VIOLA. 

1618 FLetcHeR Chances w. ii, Presuming To medle with 
m cept fp 

eganglionate, Degeneralize: see Dr-II. 1. 

Degarnish (diga-mif), v. rave. By-form of 
DISGARNISH : see De- I, 6. 

+ Dega‘st. Ods. [a. OF. degast (14th c.), mod. 
F. dégat, f. OF. degaster to devastate, f. DE- I. 3 
+ gaster to waste.] Devastation, ruin, waste. 

1592 WyrLey Armorie 116 Ech thing almost we turne 
vnto degaste. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. liv. 214 
He lost in all these degasts eight Thousand of his men. 

Degelation caplet). rare. [f. F, dégeler 
to thaw, f. des-, dé- (Dx- I. 6) + geler to freeze.] 
Melting from the frozen state; thawing. 

In mod. Dict. 

+ Degen (dégan). Old Cant. 
dagen. [Ger.; =sword.] 

a@1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Degen, a Sword. 1785 in 
Grose Dict. Vulg. T. 1827 Lytron Pelham (1864) 325 
(Farmer) Tip him the degen. 

+Dege'nder, v. Oés. [ad. L. dévenerare, F. 
dégénérer (15th c.), after GENDER v.] intr. To 
degenerate. 

x Taverner Gard. Wysed. 1. 18b, He forgatte all 
& nes and degendred quyte & cleane from the renowmed 

excellent vertues of hys father. 1596 Spenser Hymne 
Heav. Love 94 So that next off-spring of the Makers love 

.. Degendering to hate, fell from above Through pride. 
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 83 If it [Furuncle] .. much in- 
flameth, oftentimes it degendereth into Anthrax. 

Hence + Dege‘ndered £#/. a., degenerate. 

1s6x T, Norton Cadvin's Jnst. u. ii, (1634) 117 The 
perverted and degendred nature of man. 

+ Degener, v. Ods. [a. F. dégénér-er, ad. L. 
degenerare: see DEGENERATE] intr. = prec. 
Hence Dege‘nered Z7/. a. , 

1545 Fee Exp. Dan. iv. Gijb, Y° churche .. Sepeeeens 
much from her first beutye. x6rx ed. Spenser's F. v. 
Prol. ii, They into that ere long will be degenered [1596 
degendered]. 1614 Eart Stirtinc Doomes-day, Fifth Hour 
(R.), Of religion a degener’d seed. ? 

Degeneracy (d/dze‘nérasi). [f, DEGENERATE 
@.: see -acy.] The condition or quality of being 
degenerate. 

1664 H. More Myst. Inig, 206 This grand Degeneracy of 
the Church, 1711 Appison Sfect. No, 65 P 9 It is Nature 
in its utmost Corruption and Degeneracy. 1862 GouLBURN 
Pers, Relig. 117, A degeneracy from the scriptural theory 
of Public Worship. Froupve Short Stud. IV. v. 336 
The fall of a nobility may be a cause of degeneracy, or it 
may only be a symptom, 


Also degan, 


DEGENERATE. 


b. An instance of degeneracy; something that 
is degenerate. rare. 

1678 CupwortH /xtel/. Syst. 133 (R.) We incline .. to 
account this form of atheism. .to be but a certain degeneracy 
from the right Heraclitick and Zenonian cabala. 1862 
Atrorp in Life (1873) 345 The cathedral of Sens is a sad 
degeneracy from ours. 

Degenerate (didzenért), a. Also 5-6 -at, 
6 Sc. -it. [ad. L. dégenerat-us, pa. pple. of dé- 
generare: see next.] 

A. as pa. pple. =Degenerated. Ods. or arch. 

[see B. 1]. 1500-20 Dunpar Poems xiv. 42 Sic bral- 
laris and bosteris, degenerat fra thair naturis. 1552 App. 
Hamitton Catech. (1884) 19 How matrimonye was degenerat 
fra the first perfectioun. 1559 in Strype Aun. Ref. 1. viii. 23 
‘To what abuses the state of that lyff was degenerate. es Bee 
Bacon Ess. Great Place (Arb.) 284 Observe wherein and how 
they have eae < 7a Swirt Ox Poetry 381 Degen’rate 
from their ancient brood. 

B. as adj. 

1. Having lost the qualities proper to the race or 
kind; having declined from a higher to a lower 
type; hence, declined in character or qualities ; 
debased, degraded. a. of persons. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. ccxxxv. 272 Thou art degenerat, 
& growen out of kynde. 1605 SHaks. Lear 1. iv. 276 Lear. 
Degenerate Bastard, Ile not trouble thee; Yet haue I lefta 
daughter. 1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 196 The Laplanders 
are only degenerate Tartars. 1848 Macautay Ast. Eng. 
II. 139 T'yrconnel sprang .. from one of those degenerate 
families of the pale which were popularly classed with the 
aboriginal population of Ireland. 1856 FroupEe Hist. Exe. 
(1858) I. iii. 242 The degenerate representatives of a once 
noble institution. 

b. of animals and plants: sfec. in Biol. (cf. 
DEGENERATION I b). 

1611 Biste Yer. ii. 2x How then art thou turned into the 
degenerate plant of a strange vine? 1651 N. Bacon Disc. 
Govt. u. i. (1739) 4 (As a Plant transplanted into a savage 
soil) in degree and disposition wholly degenerate. 1665 
T. Herpert 77av. (1677) 12 Penguins.. the wings or fins 
hanging down like sleeves, covered with down instead of 
Feathers ..a degenerate Duck. 1879 Ray LankrsTrR 
Degeneration 52 The Ascidian Phallusia shows itself to be 
a degenerate Vertebrate by beginning life as a tadpole. 
1890 M. MarsHact in Nature 11 Sept., Animals .. which 
have lost organs or systems which their progenitors pos- 
sessed, are commonly called degenerate. 

ec. fig. of things. (In Geom. applied to a locus 
of any order when reduced to the condition of an 
aggregate of loci of a lower order.) 

1552 [see A]. 1669 GALE Crt. of Gentiles 1. 1. vii. 36 The 
several names .. were al but corrupt degenerate derivations 
from Iewish Traditions. 1763 J. Brown Poetry & Mus. xi. 
193 The degenerate Arts sunk with the degenerate City. 
1878 Morey Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 201 The cant and 
formalism of any other degenerate form of active faith, 

2. ¢ransf. Characterized by degeneracy. 

1651 tr. Bacon’s Life & Death 8 In ‘Tame Creatures, their 
Degenerate Life corrupteth them. 1715-20 Porr //iad x11. 
540 Such men as live in these degenerate days. 1870 Swin- 
BURNE Ess. & Stud.(1875) 101 There has never been an age 
that was not degenerate in the eyes of its own fools. 

Degenerate (didze'nére't), v.  [f. dégenerat-, 
ppl. stem of L. dégenerare to depart from its race 
or kind, to fall from its ancestral quality, f. dégener 
adj. that departs from its race, ignoble, f. DE- I. 1 
+gener- (genus) race, kind. So F. adgéndrer 
(15th c. in Hatzf.).] 

1. intr. To lose, or become deficient in,” the 
qualities proper to the race or kind; to fall away 
from ancestral virtue or excellence ; hence (more 
generally), to decline in character or qualities, 
become of a lower type. a. of persons. 

1553 Even 7 reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 31 Degeneratinge from 
al kind of honestie and faithfulnes. 16121. TayLor Comm. 
Titus i. 12 When men degenerate, and by sinne put off the 
nature of man, 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xiii. 63 The man- 
ner of life, which men .. degenerate into in a civill Warre. 
1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess of Mar 10 Mar., 
It is well if Ido not degenerate into a downright story- 
teller. 1863 Gro. Etior Xomo/at. v, In this respect Floren- 
tines have not degenerated from their ancestral customs. 

b. of animals and plants. 

1577 Butt Luther's Comm. Ps. Grad. (1615) 193 They de- 
generate, and grow out of kind, and become evil plants. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 518 Plants for want of Culture, degene- 
rate to be baser in the same kind ; and sometimes so far, as 
to change into another kind. 175r Cuambers Cyc/. s.v. De- 
generation, It is a great dispute among the naturalists, 
whether or no animals, plants, etc. be capable of degenerat- 
ing into other species? 1845 Forp Handbk. Spain 1. 53 
They have from neglect degenerated into ponies. 

¢e. transf. and fig. of things. 

1545 RaynoLp Byrth of Mankynde 40 When they be en- 
saved into the nauell, the ii. vaynes degenerat in one. 1605 
Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iii. § 2.12 After that the state of 
Rome was not it selfe, but did degenerate. 1741 BUTLER 
Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 263 Liberty ..is .. liable .. to degene- 
rate i ibly into licentic 1841 D’Israett Amen. 
Lit, (1867) 125 The Latin of the bar had degenerated into 
the most ludicrous barbarism. 

d. Geom. Of a curve or other locus: To become 
reduced to a lower order, or altered into a locus of 
a different or less complex form. 

1763 W. Emerson Meth. Increments vii, If the parts of the 
abscissa be taken infinitely small, then these parallelograms 
degenerate into the curve. 

+2. To show a falling-off or degeneration from 
an anterior type; to be degenerate, Ods. 

19* 


DEGENERATED, 


acter (without implying debasement) ; to change 
in kind; to show an alteration from a normal type. 

1548 Haut Chron. 176 b, The Scottes also not degenerat- 
yng from their olde mutabilitie. 1576 FLreminc Panofi. 
Epist. 149 It is now highe time for you to degenerate, and 
to be unlike your selfe [i.e. less martial]. 1597 GerarpE 
Herbal 1, xiii. 62 It is altered .. into Wheate it selfe, as de- 
generating from bad to better. 1600 Haxtuyt Voy. (1810) 
III. 186 Some .. followed Courses degenerating from the 
Voyage before pretended. 

+4. To fall away, revolt. Ods. rare. 

1602 Carew Cornwall 98 a, The Cornish men .. marched 
to .. Welles, where James Touchet, Lord Audely, degene- 
rated to their party. 1622 Matynes Anc. Tondo + 431 
His friends forsake him, his wife and children suffer with 
him, or leaue him, or rebell, or degenerate against him. 

+5. trans. To cause to degenerate; to reduce to 
a lower or worse condition; to debase, degrade. 

1645 Mitton 7etrach. 192 It degenerates and disorders the 
best spirits. 1653 Cloria & Narcissus 1. 172 The least de- 


jection of spirit .. would degenerate you from your birth | 


and education. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. 2/1 They. . Degene- 
rate themselves to Brutes. 
Two Sticks in Eng. (1817) 1v. 16 Her theatric excellencies 
.. are impaired by physical defects, or degenerated by the 
adoption of bad habits. 

+6. To generate (something of an inferior or 
lower type). Obs. rare. 

1649 G. Daniet Trinarch., Hen. V xciv, A bastard flye, 
Corrupting where it breaths .. Degenerating Putrefaction. 
1668 Cucreprer & Cote Barthol. Anat. 1. xxxii. 75 It is 
backwards more deep and broad, that the lower and after- 
end might degenerate as it were the Ditch or Trench. 

Hence Dege-nerating v4/. sb. and pf/. a. 

1611 SpeeD Hist. Gt. Brit, v1. xx. $ 1. 105 Young Com. 
modus, his soone degenerating Son. 1693 Brancarp Phys. 
Dict. 140/1 Metaptosis, the degenerating of one Disease into 
another, as of a Quartane Ague intoa Tertian. 1746 W. 
Horsey 7he Fool No. 5 ®6 A Degenerating from this Char- 
acter is the Progress towards the Formation of a Beau. 

Dege‘nerated, ///.a. [-ED!.] Fallen from 
ancestral or original excellence ; degenerate. 


1581 Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 84 Unknowen | 


and degenerated posteritie. 7 De For Hist. Appar. iv. 
(1840) 31 The Devil is ..a degenerated, fallen, and evil 
spirit, 1808 Witrorp Sacr. Jsles in Asiat. Res. VIII. 302 
In the present wicked age and degenerated times. 

Degenerately (didgenérétli), adv. [f. De- 
GENERATE @.+-LY 2.] In a degenerate manner. 

1645 Mitton Tefrach. (1851) 145 Nothing now adayes is 
more degenerately forgott’n, than the true dignity of man. 
a 1671 J. WorTHINGTON Misc. 29 (T.) A short view of Rome, 
Christian, though apostatized and degenerately Christian. 

Dege‘nerateness. 7a7e. [f. as prec. +-NESS.] 
Degenerate quality or condition ; degeneracy. 

1640 Witkins New Planet x. (1707) 272 A Degenerateness 
and Poverty of Spirit. 1 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vi. 
156 This degenerateness, which frequently happens to the 
bloud in Autumnal Fevers. 

Degeneration d/dzenéréi-fon). [a. F. dé- 
génération (15th c. in Hatzf.), n. of action from L. 
dégenerare to DEGENERATE : see -ATION.] 

1. The process of degenerating or becoming de- 
generate; the falling off from ancestral or earlier 
excellence ; declining to a lower or worse stage of 
being ; degradation of nature. 

1607 Torse.t Four-/. Beasts (1658) 460 That so he might 
learn the difference betwixt his generation, and his degenera- 
tion, and consider how great phy eat unto him was his fall in 
Paradise. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. i. 3 Others con- 
ceived it most natural to end in fire .. whereby they also 
declined a visible degeneration into worms. x CowLey 
Prop. Adv. Exp. Philos. Concl., Capable (as many In- 
stitutions) .. of Degeneration into any thing harmful, 1845 
Maurice Mor, Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. 11. 598/1_ It is 
possible in each case to trace the process of degeneration. 

b. Biol. A change of structure by which an 
organism, or some particular organ, becomes less 
elaborately developed and assumes the form of a 
lower type. 

(1752 Cuampers Cyc?. s.v., Others hold, that degeneration 
only obtains in vegetables ; and define it the change of a 
plant of one kind, into that of another viler kind. Thus, say 
they, wheat degenerates into darnel .. But our .. best natu- 
ralists maintain the opinion of such adeg ion, or trans- 

ion, to be errc ] 1848 CarrenTeR Anim, Phys, 
33 Such a degeneration may take place simply from want 
oO 


use. 2879 Ray LANKESTER Degeneration (2880) 32 De- 
generation may be defined as a g 1 ch ng of the struc- 
ture in which the org: b d to less varied 


and less complex conditions of life. Ibid. 32 Elaboration of 
some one organ may be a a i of De- 


generation in all the others, 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex. s.v., In 
many flowers .. the formation of a nectary results from the 
degeneration of the stamens. 

c. Path, ‘A morbid change in the structure of 
parts, consisting in a disintegration of tissue, or in 
a substitution of a lower for a higher form of struc- 
ture’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1851-60 in Mayne Exfos. Lex. 1866 A. Fut Princ, Med. 


(1880) 54. 1869 E. A, Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3).193 The 
angrenous deg ion rapidly wiles SNe Soe, 
Lex. $.Viy Fatty. deg ion. i in the substitution 


1790-1811 Combe Devil upon | 


146 


str 4 P 


pound, 
2. The condition of being degenerate; degeneracy. 
?148x Caxton Orat. G. Flamineus Fj, Rather .. with de- 
generacion than nobleness. a 1652 J. Smit Sed. Disc. ix. 
446 It speaks the degeneration of any soul .. that it should 
sire to incorporate itself with any..sensual delights. 1865 
Merivate Rom. Emp. VU. \xviti. 368 When the popular 


notion of its was ly 
has degenerated ; a degene- 


degeneration 
+3. Something that 
rate form or product. Ods. 


1645 Howe t Lett. (1892) Il. 475 What Lan; eS..are 
pate Derivations, or Degeners cites from their Originals. 
1646 Six I’. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. xvii. 147 Cockle, Aracus, 


of oil globules for the healthy protoplasm of cells, or other | 
by fi ion .. of the pi lasmic com- 


a and other degenerations which come up in unex- | 
ted sh: 


1748 


Counterfeits of Benevolence. 


apes. 


legenerations a! 


Hence Degenera‘tionist once-wd., one who © 


holds a theory of degeneration. 

1871 Tytor Prim. Cult. 1. 48 The opinions of older 
writers .. whether progressionists or deg ationists. 

Degenerative (didzenérctiv), a. [f. L. dé 
generat-, ppl. stem of dégenerdre to DEGENERATE 

+-IVE.] Of the nature of, or tending to, degenera- 
tion. 

1846 WorceEsTER cites Month. Rev. 1879 Ray Lankes- 
ter Adv. Science (1890) 46 Degenerative evolution. 1890 
Humpenry Old Age 149 Other degenerative changes, such as 
calcification of the costal cartilages. 

Degeneratory (d/dgernératari), a. rare. [f. 
as prec. +-oRY.] ‘Tending to degeneration. 

1876 R. F. Burton Gorilla L.1, 28 Perhaps six years had 
exercised a degeneratory effect upon Roi Denis. 

Degenered: sce DEGENER. 

Degenerescence (-e'séns). Azo/. [a. F. dé- 
générescence (1799 in Hatzf.), f. dégénérescent, 
deriv. of dégénérer to degenerate, after L. inchoative 
vbs.: see -ESCENT.] Tendency to degenerate ; the 
process of degeneration. 

1882 (>. ALLEN in St. Yames's Gaz. 30 May 3 They have 
all .. acquired the same parasitic habits, and .. exhibit dif- 
ferent stages in the same process of degenerescence. 1884 
H. Macmitian in Brit, & For. Evang. Rev. Apr. 315 The 
degenerescence of Decandolle brings all the parts of the 
flower back to the leaf. 

+ Dege-nerize, 7. Obs. rvare—'. [f. L. dégener 

see next) + -IZE.] intr. To become degenerate, 
to degenerate. 

1605 Syivester Du Bartas ui. ili. Vocation 104 Degeneriz'd, 
decaid, and withered quight. 

+ Degenerous, a. Obs. [f. L. dégener de- 
generate, bastard, spurious (see DEGENERATE v.) + 
-ous, after GENEROUS a@., of which it is, in some 
senses, treated as a derivative: cf. wngenerous, de- 
gallant.) 

1. Fallen from ancestral virtue or excellence, un- 
worthy of one’s ancestry or kindred, degenerate. 
a. of persons. 

1600 Dekker Gentle Craft Wks. 1873 I. 74 Your Grace to 
do me honour Heapt on the head of this degenerous boy 
Desertless favours. 1643 Payvnne Sov. Power Parl. ww. 35 
Disclaiming them as degenerous Brats, and not their sonnes, 
a og Nortn Lives I. 199 An upstart and degenerous race. 

. of personal qualities, feelings, actions, etc. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wars 1. lii, The least felt touch of a 
degenerous feare. a = Exam. ui. v. § 41 (2740) 
338 That this Passive-Obedience or Non-Resistance of 
theirs is a slavish and degenerous Principle. __ 

c. transf. Characterized by degeneration. 

1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. x. (1632) 647 In our effemi- 
nate and degenerous age. 1690 BoyLe Chr. Virtuoso 11. 39 
Especially in such a Degenerous age. 

d. Const. from. (rare.) 

t Br. H. Kine Poems ut. ix. (1843) 91 He n'er had 
shew'd Himself..So much degen’rous from reno’ ere, 
x695 Dopwett Def. Vind. Deprived Bps. 36 The Ages he 
deals in were very degenerous from the Piety and Skill of 
their Primitive Ancestors. : : 

2. transf. and fig. of things (esf. organisms or 
set Soa pecans. 

1635 F. Waite Sadéath Ep. Ded. 4 A good tree hath some 
Univ. Mag. Aug. 65 That..a 


degenerous branches. 1 


| (see prec.) + -BLE, 


ARTLEY Observ. Man. iv. 453 The | 


DEGLUTITORY. 


Degeroite (degérdwait). Afin. 
f. Degeré in Finland.] A variety of 

1868 in Dana Ain. 489. 

obs. form of DicEsr. 
: see Dec v.! 

Degh, obs. pres. t. of Dow v. to be of use. 

Degise, obs. form of Discutse. 

+Degla‘brate, v. Oss. [f. L. déglabrat-, 
ppl. stem of déglabrare to smooth down, make 
smooth, f. Dr- i 3 + glabr- smooth, glabrare to 
make smooth.] ¢rans. To make quite smooth. 
Hence Degla‘brated f//. a. 

1623 Cockxeram, De, , to pull off skin, ha: or 
the like. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xiv. 466 An Eye- 
lid inverted..was amended by cutting the Circle of the 
Deglabrated Eye-lid. 

Degladiation, obs. form of DIGLADIATION. 

Deglaze v.: see Dr- II. 2. 


+ Doglozy; v. Obs. rare. [f. DE- II. 2 + GLoxy 
sb.] trans. To deprive of its glory. 

1610 G. Fietcner Christ's Vict. 1. xvii, To crowne his 
head, That was before with thornes degloried. 1653 R. 
Mason in Bulwer’s Anth: et. Let. to Author, Neither 


amed 1850 
isingerite. 


| his soule nor body (both being sv degloried). 


+ Deglu‘bate, v. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. L. re ii- 
bére to peel, flay (f. De- I. 3 + glubére to peel, flay) 
+ -ATE.] ¢vans. To flay, excoriate. 

1623 CockeraM, Degludate, to fley athing. 1698 Fryer 
Acc. F. Ind. & P.297 To prevent the sharp Winds deglu- 
bating us, we es our selves Cap-a-pee under Felts. 


+ Deglubing, #//. a. Obs. rare—'.  [f. *de- 
glube vb., ad. L. déglibére: see rg Flaying. 
a16s8 Cieveranp Ci. Vind. (1677) 96 Now. enter his 


Taxing and deglubing Face, a squeezing Look like that of 
Vespasianus, 

Deglu'tate, v. rare—'. 
see next.) = DEGLUTE. 

1867 Frul. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. ut. 111. 11. 639 The chance 
of choking does not depend upon hair which ts deglutated. 

Deglute (digit), v. Obs. exc. as nonce-wwd. 
In 6 di-. [f. L. déglitire, f. De- I, 1 down + 
glitire, gluttire to swallow.) trans. To swallow, 
swallow down. Also aésol. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 101/2 Make 
little Pilles, contayne them in thy mouth, and by little and 
little diglute or swallowe them. 1820 L. Hunt /ndicator 
No. 64 (1822) II. 95 They champ, they grind, they deglute. 

+ Deglutible, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. dégliti-re 

| Capable of being swallowed. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 515 Some are prescribed 
in a potable forme .. Others deglutible, as pills and 
powders. 

Deglu‘tinate, v. [f. L. déglitinat-, ppl. stem 
of deglitinare to unglue (Pliny), f. De- I. 6 + 
glitinare to glue.) 

+1. trans. To unglue; to loosen or separate 
(things glued together). Ods. 

1609 J. Davies Holy Roode (1876) 16 (D.) The Hand of 
Outrage that deglutinates His Vesture, glu’d with gore- 
blood to His e. 1727 Bate vol. 11, Deglutinated. 

2. To deprive of gluten, extract the gluten from. 

1889 in Cent. Dict. 

Hence a ping HAE 

1623 in CocKERAM I. Ss. Vv. . 4gar in Baitey, 

+ lution. Os. [a. obs. F. deglution 
(Cotgr.).] =next. 

1657 Tomirnson Renou's Disp. 115 Compressed with the 
tongue or teeth before deglution, 

lutition (digluti‘fon). Phys. (*. F. dé 
glutition (Paré 16th c.), n. of action f. L. déglii- 
tire: see DEGLUTE.] The action of swallowing. 

1650 BuLwer Anthropomet. 118 The action of the Gullet, 


[irreg. f. L. déglittire : 


that is Deglutition. _1748 Hartiey » Man i, ii. 135 
The Nerves of the Fauces, and Muscles of Deglutition. 
1802 Patey Nat. Theol. 


1804) 195 In a city feast .. what 
deglutition, what anhelation ! 1804 Apernetuy Surg. Obs. 
199 The difficulty of deglutition arose from the unnatural 
state in which the muscles of the pharynx were placed, 
1861 Lowe. Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 216 Persons who 
venture their lives in the deglutition of patent medicines. 


new born child should. , be corrupted by the degenerous and b. In fig. senses 0 low. 
adventitious milk of another, 1764 Reip /nguiry vi. § 19 As the stomach receives its 
Hence } Dege‘nerously adv., +Dege'nerous- | food, so the soul receives her images by a kind of nervous 
ness. deglutition. on Bronte ¥. Lyre (G87) 241 Judgment 
3607 H. Burton Baiting of Pope's Bull 94 No true | untempered by nate too bee Foss — — ae 
Englishman will be .. so v: lly and degenerously im- 0 oF Catholi 1858 pcb | iy . 187 Even 
pious. 1734 Nortu Lives I. 371 Naming him so de- | such Catholics as the Irish : iefs a 
genecnal wha Se, one Wasser 19 Sones | pagtatitions (iigint fa), es rag ft te 
2 e Rubbi er isness oug! O #g ” , . i > 
heavy on once Gehonnutaine Daves see -0US.] Pertaining or tending to deglutition, 
Degentilize, : see De- II. 1. 1822 Heser in Ser. Taylor's Wks. (1828) I. Introd. p. xci, 
Dege:omorphiza‘tion. nonce-wd. [f. D-II. | With the poor book which is beslavered with such degluti- 


1, Gr. yf (comb. ‘yew-) earth + poppy form.] The 
process of making unlike, or less like, o—_ 
1. Educ. e i 
ai i Se et nae meee 
Does it ta equally tend towards the de-geomorphization of 
ven 
e'rm,v. [De- II. 2.) ¢vans. To remoye 


the germ from (e. g. wheat). 
Dege‘rminator. 


e- II. 1 + L. germen germ.] 


A machine with iron discs for splitting the grains 


of wheat and removing the germ, 
In mod, Dicts. 7 


tious phrases I have no acquaintance, 
Deglutitive (diglititiv), a. rave. [fas next 
+-IVE.] =next. 


In some mod, Dicts. 
lutitory (d/glititeri),.a. rare. fe 1. 

déglitit-, ppl. stem of dégliitire to DEGLUTE + sag | 
Pertaining to deglutition ; haying the function o} 
rane Wee Cornh. Mag. Jan. 59 The little 

bi . . jan. 
unaitivohanens mecly aad -daghetliory powers were 
now feebler, 


lycerin(e v.: see Dr- Il. 2. 


DEGORDER. 


De:go'rder. Math. [Made up'of Drckun + 
OrpeR.] The pair of numbers signifying the 
degree and order of any mathematical form. 

1880 SytvesteR in Amer. Frnl. Mathem, II. 
n=2 we know that the degorder is (4 ; 4). 

+ Degorge (digg1dz),v. Obs. [a. F. dégorger, 
OF. desgorger: see Dx- I. 6.] = Discorcr. 

1493 Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 142 These people .. made 
dragons for to spytte & degorge flambes of fyre out of theyr 
mouthes. 1586 B. YounG Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. wv. 181b, It 

hoveth. .to chew it [a hastie sentence] well in our mindes 
before, least it be thought to be degorged .. raw and un- 
digested. 1622 Boys Wks. 2 We must degorge our malice 
before we pray. 1635 Person Varieties 1. 24 Allother waters 
doe degorge themselves into her [the sea’s] bosome. 1737 
Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) 11. 69 The Farrier’s Dic- 
tionary .. 1726 ..says, that it proceeds from the degorging, 
tho’ I suppose he means the disgorging, of the great Vein. 

+ Degou'st,degout. Ods. rare. [a. OF. des-, 
degoust, in mod.F. dégotit.| = Discus. 

1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. 150 Brinish .. and of an 
Unsavoury Degout. 1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God I. viii. 
154 From hence comes all that degoust and surfeit in Matters 
of Religion. 

+Degou't, v. Obs. [a. F. dégoutter, OF. de- 
guter (12th c.), = Pr. degotar:—Rom. type *dégut- 
tare, f.L. Dr- I. 1, down + gutta drop; cf. guttatus 
goin spotted. ] 

. trans. To spot, besprinkle with drops or spots. 

1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clxi, A mantill .. That furrit was 
with ermyn full quhite, Degoutit with the self in spottis 
blake. 1486 Bk, St, Albans A viijb, Ye shall say she is 
Degouted to the vttermost brayle. 

2. To shed in drops, distil. 

1503 Hawes Exam. Virt. iv. 42 The chambre where she 
held her consystory The dewe aromatyke dyde oft degoute 
Of fragrant floures. 1509 — Past. Pleas. 198 Her redolente 
wordes .. Degouted vapoure moost aromatyke. 

Degradable (dégrzi‘dab’l), a. [f. Decrane 
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being degraded. 

{867 H.. Kinestey Szlcote of S. xxxvii. (1876) 255 The 
labourer. .is undegradable, being in a chronic state of bank- 
ruptcy.] 

e‘gradand. rare. [ad. L. dégradanid-us to 
be degraded, gerundive of dégradare to DEGRADE. ] 
One who is to be degraded from his rank or order. 
, 189x R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. IV. 494 The degradand 
is to be brought in his daily or ordinary dress. 
adation | (degradéi‘fan).  [a. F. dégva- 
dation (14th c. in Hatzf.), ad. med. L. dégradation- 
em, n. of action f. dégradare, to DEGRADE: see 
-ATIoN.] The action of degrading. 

1. Deposition from some rank, office, or position 
of honour as an act of punishment; esf. the de- 
priving of an ecclesiastic of his orders, benefices, 
and privileges, of a knight, military officer, etc., of 
his rank, of a graduate of his academical degree. 

In Eccl. Law, two kinds of degradation are recognized : 
see quot. 1885. 

@ 1538 More IVs. 624 (R.) Vpon .. hys degradacion, he 
kneled downe before the byshoppes chauncellour. .& humbli 
besought him of absolucion fro the sentence of excom- 
municacion. x Exam. H. Barrowe in Harl. Mise. 
(Malh.) II. 35 Since his excommunication and degradation 
by the Romish church. 1647 CLarenpon Hist. Red. 1. 
(1843) 22/2 He saw many removes and degradations in all 


When 


147 


progression-theory recognizes degradation, and the degra- 
dation-theory recognizes progression, as powerful influences 
in the course of culture. 

b. spec. Biol, Reduction of an organ or structure 
to a less perfect or more rudimentary condition ; 
degeneration. 

1849 Batrour A/anual of Bot. § 649 There is thus traced 
a degradation, as it is called, from a flower with three 
stamens and three divisions of the calyx, to one with 
a single bract and a single stamen or carpel. 1872 Mivart 
Elem. Anat. 39 ‘Degradation’ is a constant character of 
the last vertebra in all classes of Vertebrates. /did. ii. 59 
‘The maximum of degradation and abortion of the coccyx 
is in the Bats, 

ce. Structural Bot. A change in the substance of 
the organized structures of plants, resulting in the 
formation of products (degradation-products) which 
have no further use in the building up of new cell- 
walls or protoplasmic structures. 

1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot, 628 The substances 
which cause lignification, suberisation, or cuticularisation 
are also obese the result of a partial degradation of the 
cellulose of the cell-walls. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Degrada- 
tion products, a term applied to such compounds as gum 
in plants. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary's Phaner. 511 
The transformation or degradation of the alburnum into 
duramen takes place in some [trees] gradually, in others 
suddenly. x 

d. Physics. The conversion of (energy) into a 
lower form, 7. ¢. one which has a decreased capa- 
bility of being transformed. 

1871 B. Stewart Heat § 384 When mechanical energy is 
transmuted into heat by friction or otherwise there is always 
a degradation in the form of energy. 1876 Tarr Rec. Adv. 
Pays. Sc. vi. 146 A certain amount of degradation (de- 
graded energy meaning energy less capable of being trans- 
formed than before). . ee 

5. A lowering or reducing in strength, amount, 
etc. 

1769 STRANGE in Phil. Trans. LIX. 55 This plant was in 
the first stage of putrefaction .. hence its degradation of 
colour. 1776 ApAM Smitu W. MN. 1. v. (1869) I. 36 ‘The de- 
gradation in the value of silver. /é/d. 1. xi. 1 243 This 
degradation, both in the real and nominal value of wool. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. Senile degradation, the gradual 
failure of the mental and bodily powers due to age. 1889 
J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xvi. (ed. 4) 127 Producing 
as its only great indication, degradation of the general 
health, and a hydroperitoneal collection. 

6. Geol. The disintegration and wearing down of 
the surface of rocks, cliffs, strata, etc., by atmo- 
spheric and aqueous action. 

1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 327 Those of siliceous shistus are 
most subject to this degradation and decomposition. 180z 
Prayrair /élustr. Hutton, Th. 156 The great degradation of 
mountains, involved in this hypothesis. 1853 Pxituirs 
Rivers Yorksh. i. 11 Vhe chalk .. yields rather easily to 
degradation. 1875 CroLi Climate & T. xvii. 268 Old sea- 
bottoms formed out of the accumulated material derived 
from the degradation of primeval land-surfaces. 

b. transf. Wearing down of any surface. 

1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vi. § 17.179 The materials to 
be employed are liable to degradation, as brick, sandstone, 
or Pm limestone. 1861 FLo. NIGHTINGALE Nursing 62 
There is a constant degradation, as it is called, taking 
place from everything except polished or glazed articles. 


Degradation 2 (d#gradé'-fan). [In sense 1, 
a. F. dégradation (Moliére, 17th c.), ad. It. digra- 


the other offices of which he had been pc d. 1726 
Ayurre Parergon 206 Degradation is commonly used to 
denote a Deprivation or  cincving of a Man from his 
Office and Benefice. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Halifax, An 
. -active statesman. .exposed to the vicissitudes of advance- 
ment and degradation, 1885 Catholic Dict. 253/2 Degra- 
dation is of two kinds, verbal and real. By the first a 
criminous cleric is declared to be perpetually deposed from 
clerical orders, or from the execution thereof, so as to be 
deprived of all order and function .. and of any benefice 
which he might have previously enjoyed..Real or actual 
degradation is that which, besides deposing a cleric from 
the exercise of his ministry, actually strips him of his orders, 
according to a prescri ceremonial, and delivers him to 
the seci arm to be punished. 

2. Lowering in honour, estimation, social posi- 
tion, etc.; the state or condition of being so 
lowered. 

¢1752 Jounson in Boswell (1887) 1V. 382 ote, A Table of 
the Spectators, Tatlers, and Guardians, distinguished by 
figures into six degrees of value, with notes, giving the 
reasons preference or degradation. 1 S. Wittrams 
Vermont 152 This degradation of the female was carried to 
its greatest extreme. 1833 Hr. Martineau Brooke Faru 
v. 70 They would complain of the degradation of obtaining 
their fod by age service. 1878 Jevons Prim, Pol. 
Econ, 85 Enough ought to have been saved to avoid the 
need of charity or the degradation of the poor-house. 

3. Lowering in character or quality ; the state or 
condition of being degraded morally or intellectu- 
ally; moral debasement. 

1697 Locke 2nd Vind. Christ. (R.), The lowest degrada- 
tion that human nature could sink to. @17x6 Sourn (J Pi 
So deplorable is the oS ee of our nature. 1856 Sir B. 
Bropte Psychol. Ing, I. iii. 77 Nothing can tend more to 
every kind of .. degradation than the vice of gin-drinking, 
1866 G. Macponatp Aun. Q. Neighb. xxvii. (1878) 473 She 
would not submit to the degradation of marrying a man she 
did not love. — ; 

4. Reduction to an inferior type or stage of de- 
velopment. — Also aftrzd. 

1850 H. Rocers £ss. II. iv. 169 The vocabulary would 
be for the most part retained, and the grammatical forms 

o. degradation, 1871 ‘Ll'yLor Prim. Cult. I, 34 The 


ae , f. digradare to come down by degrees. 
Sense 2 may also be from It.; but cf. GRaparion.] 

1. Painting. The gradual lowering of colour or 
light in a painting ; es. that which gives the effect 
of distance; gradation of tint; gradual toning 
down or shading off. ? Ods. 

1706 Art of Painting (1744) 33 Perspective. .regulates.. 
the degradation of colours in all places of the Picture. 
sl H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 11. 231 

ere is great truth and nature in his heads; but the 
carnations are too bricky, and want a degradation and 
variety of tints. 1817 CoLeripce Biog. Lit, 212 Colours .. 
used as the means of that gentle degradation requisite in 
order to produce the effect of a whole. 1881 C. A. Younc 
Sun 250 Vogel’s observations show a much more rapid 
degradation of the light. 

+2. Diminution (in size or thickness) by degrees 
or successive steps ; the part so reduced. Oés. 

1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's Amphith. 285 The internal De- 
gradation of the Wall. /éid. 406 The Retiring of the Wall 
- proceeds by a Degradation above that Stone..and more 
largely in the Degradation of the second Story} so that the 
third is reduced to a small Thickness. /é/d. 407 There 
being no Marks of Vaults on the Degradation of the Wall. 

Degradational (degridéi-fonal), a. [f. Dr- 
GRADATION | + -At.] Of or pertaining to (biological) 
degradation ; manifesting structural degradation. 

1863 Dana in Amer. Frni. Sc. §& Arts and Ser. XXXVI. 
4 They [Entomostracans] are degradational forms as well 
as the Myriapods., /did. 5 The distinction of the Ento- 
mostracans .. consists rather in their degtadational cha- 
racters than in any peculiarities of the mouth. 

De: stor. vave. [Agent-n. in L. form, from 
late L. dégradare to DEGRADE.] One who degrades 
or deprives of rank. 

x R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. 1V. 
and of archiepiscopal degree the deg: 
remove the pall. 


ge, gmages a. Obs. [f. dégradat-, ppl. 
stem of late L. p Mie + -oRY.] Having the 
quality of degrading ; tending to degrade. 


From a de- 
ator shall first 


‘DEGRADE. 


1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 407 Other degradatory 
circumstances. 1786 Francis the Philan. 111. 166 A species 
of imposition so degradatory to the republic of letters. 

Degrade (d/gréi-d), v. Also 5 degrate, -grayd, 
6 -graid, 7 di-. [ME. a. OF. degrader (12th c.), 
occasionally desg-, = Pr. de-, desgrader, Sp. de- 
gradar, It. degradare :—late eccl. L. dégradare, f. 
Dr- I. 1, down, from + gradus degree.] 

1. trans. To reduce from a higher to a lower 
rank, to depose from (+ of) a position of honour 
or estimation. 

1325 Soug of Yesterday 11 in E. E. P. (1862) 133 Hou 
sone pat god hem may degrade. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 
175 Schir Ihon the ballgoll .. was king bot a litill quhile .. 
degradyt syne wes he honour and off dignite. @ 1400-50 
Alexander 2670 Darye .. semblis his kny3tis.. And gessis 
him wele .. to degrayd pe grekis muaistir. 1624 MAssINGER 
Parl, Love v. i, Thou dost degrade thyself of all the 
honours Thy ancestors left thee. 164x Sir E. Derinc in 
Rushw. //ist. Coll. (1692) 11. I. 295 Neither you here, nor 
Mr. Speaker in the House can degrade any one of us from 
these Seats. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. ul. iii. § 2 They 
degraded him from the very title of a Philosopher. 1788 
Rew Aristotle's Log. iv. § 3. 80 An affirmative may be 
degraded into a negative. 1874 Ho. ano Mistry. Manse 
xii. 56 Change That would degrade her to a thing Of 
homely use and household care. 1876 J. H. Newman //ist. 
S&. IL. ut. vii. 342 The man who made this boast was him- 
self degraded from his high estate. 

2. spec. To depose (a person) formally from his 
degree, rank, or position of honour as an act of 
punishment, as to degrade a knight, a military 
officer, a graduate of a university. 

Cf. DisGrape, which in 15-16th c. was the more usual 
word to express legal and formal degradation. 

¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 12576 The grekes.. Ordant hym Em- 
perour by opon assent, And Agamynon degrated of his degre 
pan. 1508 Kennepy Flyting w. Dunbar 397, | sall degraid 
the, graceles, of thy greis. 1591 Suaxs. 1 Aen. V7, 1W. i. 43 
He then .. Doth but vsurpe the Sacred name of Knight .. 
And should... Be quite degraded, like a Hedge-borne Swaine. 
1621 Exvsinc Debates Ho, Lords (Camden) 65 Whether St 
Fra, Michell shalbe degraded of his knighthood for parte 
of his punishment or noe? 1628 Mrave in Ellis Orig. Lett. 
Ser. 1. III. 277 His censure was to be degraded both from 
her ministry and degrees taken in the University. 17 
Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 206 The University 
of Dublin having expell’d and degraded Mr. Forbes. 1875 
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) IIL. 351 The soldier who .. is guilty of 
any other act of cowardice. should be degraded into the 
rank of a husbandman or artisan. 

b. To inflict ecclesiastical degradation upon ; to 
deprive of his orders. 

1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 37 He that .. blasfemith 
God in othere manere be deposid or degratid if he is a 
clerk. 1480 Caxton Chron, Eng. ccxlvii. 313 The first day 
of march after was sir william taillour preest degrated of 
his preesthode. 1555 WatreMAN Fardle Factions 1. xii. 
268 ‘To the Bisshoppe was giuen authoritie..to put Priestes 
from the Priesthode: and to degrade theim, when thei 
deserue it. 1681 Baxter Afol. Nouconf. Min. 39 Magis- 
trates might degrade ministers. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. 
Chr. 11. x. 268 A priest could not be degraded but by eight 
bishops. 1882 J. H. Brunt Ref Ch. Eng. II. 284 He was 
formally degraded from the priesthood. 

3. To lower in estimation; to bring into dis- 
honour or contempt. 

c1g00 Lancelot 749 Hyme thoght that it his worschip 
wold degrade. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus wv. 470 Ladie 
Venus 3e sall neuer degraid In word, nor deid, nor neuer 
do hir deir =19771 Funius Lett. liv. 285, 1 will not insult 
his misfortunes by a comparison that would degrade him. 
1844 Emerson Lect. Yug. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 306 The 
aristocracy incorporated by law and education, degrades life 
for the unprivileged classes. 

4. To lower in character or quality ; to debase. 

1650 FroysELt Gale of Opfport. (1652) Ep. Ded., At this 
news the Ruffler is sodainly dismounted, and his courage 
degraded. 1755 JoHNson, Degrade..to reduce from a 
higher to a lower state, with respect to qualities. 1762 
Gotpsm. Cit. W. cxviii, How low avarice can degrade 
human nature. 1776 Apam Smitu WW, N. 1:v. viii. (1869) II. 
235 English wool cannot be even so mixed with Spanish 
wool as to enter into the composition. . without spoiling and 
degrading in some degree the fabric of the cloth. 1857 
Kincstey Zwo VY. Ago (1877) 432 So will an unhealthy 
craving degrade a man. 1875 JoweTT Plato (ed. 2) V. 41 
‘This custom has been the ruin of the poets, and has de- 
graded the theatre. i 7 ’ 

b. To lower or reduce in price, strength, purity, 
etc.; to reduce or tone down in colour (cf. DegRADA- 
TION 2), 

1844 Coppen Sfeeches (1878) 73 He proposed to degrade 
prices instead of aiming to sustainthem. 1855 tr. Ladarte’s 
Arts Mid. Ages ii. 72 How to degrade the tones with this 
single enamel colour. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts I, 
320/r To prevent its greenish tint degrading the brilliancy 
of dyed stuffs, or the purity of whites, 

5. a. Biol. To reduce toa lower and less complex 
organic type. b. Physics. To reduce (energy) to 
a form less capable of transformation. ¢. Offices. 
To lower in position in the spectrum ; to diminish 
the refrangibility of (a ray of light) as by the action 
of a fluorescent substance. 

1862, 1876 [see DrGRApED Af/. a. 2]. 1870 ROLLESTON 
Anim. Life 139 Annelids degraded by the special habit of 
parasitism. 


6. Geol. To wear down (rocks, strata, cliffs, etc.) 
by surface abrasion or disintegration. 
x812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos, 101 These agents [water 
and air] gradually .. decompose and degrade the exterior of 
strata. 1863 A.C, Ramsay Phys. Geog. i. (1878) 6 The 
5 19*-2 


DEGRADED. 


uantity of material degraded and spread in the sea by 
these united means is immense. 

7. intr. To descend to a lower grade or type; to 
exhibit a degradation of type or structure; to 
degenerate. 

1850 Tennyson Jx Mem, exxvii, No doubt vast eddies in 
the flood Of onward time shall yet be made, And throned 
races may degrade. 1863 Kincsiey Water Bab. 77 If he 
says that things cannot degrade, that is my 3 downwards 
into lower forms. a 1864 Wesster (citing Dana) s.v., A 
family of plants or animals degrades through this or that 
genus or group of genera. . 

ize Univ. To postpone entering the 
examination in honours for the degree of B.A. for 
one year beyond the statutory dime. 

1829 Camb. Univ, Cal. (1857) 24 tt no person who has 
degraded be permitted, etc. a Daily News 13 Nov., To 
grant permission to students who have degraded or who 
wish to degrade to become candidates for University scholar- 
ships or for any other academical honours during their 
under, rechateahey 1880 Eagle Mag. (St. John's Coll., 
Camb) XI. 189 G. S., Scholar, has obtained permission to 
‘degrade’ to the Tripos of 1881. 


Degraded (digré'-déd), pp/. a. [f. Decrape 
v.l+-ED1.] 

1. Lowered in rank, position, reputation, char- 
acter, etc. ; debased. 

1483 Cath, Angl. 94 Degradid, degradatus, 1614 Sy.- 
vesteR Bethulia’s Rescue v. 499 By long Swathes of their de- 
graded Grasse, Well show the way their sweeping Scithes did 
pass. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. xv. (1851) 101 The restoring 
of this degraded law, 1781 Gispon Decd. & F. III. 235 The 
degraded emperor of the Romans. 1858 Max MULLER 
Chips (1880) I. ii. 60 There is, perhaps, no race of men so 
low and degraded. 1885 Catholic Dict. 253/2 The consecra- 
tion of the Eucharist by a degraded priest is .. valid. 

2. a. Biol. Showing structural or functional de- 
gradation, b. Physics. Of energy: Changed into 
a form less capable of transformation. 

1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids vi. 271 The pollen grains .. 
in all other genera, excepting the degraded Cephalanthera. 
1876 Tait Rec. Adv. Phys, Sc. vi. 146 Degraded energy 
meaning energy less capable of being transformed than 
before. 1883 ii. Drummonp Nat. Law in Spir. IW. iii. 
(1884) 101 Degeneration. .by which the organism. . becomes 
more and more adapted to a degraded form of life. 

3. Geol. Having suffered degradation, worn down. 

1869 Puitiirs Vesuv. viii. 229 Old broken and degraded 
crateriform ridges, 

4. Ofcolour: Reduced in brilliancy, toned down. 

1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile i. 9 The outer robe, or 
gibbeh, is generally of some beautiful degraded colour, such 
as maize, mulberry, olive, peach. 

Hence Degra‘dedly adv.; Degra‘dedness. 

1791 Paine Rights of Man 1. (ed. 2) 38 A vast mass of 
mankind are degradedly thrown into the back-ground. 
31824 LANpor Jay. Conv.Wks. (1846) I. 185/2 A government 
more systematically and more degradedly tyrannical. 1883 
Pall Mall G. 19 Dec. 2/2 He sees..the misery and de- 
gradedness of the poor, the callousness of many rich. 


Degraded, a. //er. [f. De-1 + L. grad-us 
step + -ED.] Of across: Set on steps, or having 
step-like extensions at the ends connecting it with 
the sides of the shield. 

1562 LeicH Armorie (1597) 35 Hee beareth Geules, a 
Crosse manye degraded fitche Argent. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. s.v., A Cross degraded is a cross marked, or divided 
into steps at each end, diminishing as they ascend towards 
the middle, or centre ; by the French called perronnée. 1882 
Cussans Handbk. Her. 64 A Cross set on Steps (usually 
three) is Degraded, or On Degrees. 

+ Degra'dement. Os. [a. obs. F. dégrade- 
ment (1611 in Cotgr.) = degradation ; see -MENT.] 
Degradation, abasement. 

1641 Mitton Reform, 11. (1851) 61 So the words of Ridley 
at his degradment..expressly shew. 1648 — 7enure Kings 
34 By their holding him in prison .. which brought him to 
the lowest degradement, 

De: er (dégréi-dax). [f. DEGRADE v. +-ER1.] 

1. One who or that which degrades or debases. 

1746 W. Horstey Fool (1748) No. 51 » 3 The Degraders 
were left to laugh at each other in due Order. 1754 Ricu- 
ARDSON Grandison Ixiii, What a degrader even of high spirits 
is vice. 1804-6 Syp. Smitu Sk, Mor. Phil. xviii. (e850) 255 
As the degraders of human nature have said, 

2. Cambridge Univ. See DEGRADE v. 8. 

1860 G. Fercuson in Encycl, Brit, (ed, 8) XXI. 465 A 
statute was enacted in 1829, by which degraders are not 


lowed to p th es for university scholarships, or 
any other academical h » without special permi . 
(dégrét'din), vb/. sb. [f. DeGRADE 
v.14+-1NG!.] The action of the verb Decrabr. 


r Evance Nodle Ord. 2 — degrading, or Gods 
revoking of his promise. 1853 Kincstey Hyfatia xxvii, 
(1879) 341 It was a carnal degrading of the Supreme One. 


pogun ting, ppl.a. [-1NG?.] 

1. That Segrades or debases. 

1684 Eart Roscom. Zss. Transl. Verse (1709) 43 De- 

ading Prose explains his meaning ill. 1773 Mrs. Cuarone 
mprov. Mind (1774) aE, A... generous kind of anger.. 
has nothing in it sinful or degrading. 1814 Scorr Wav. ix, 
Engaged in this laborious and... degrading office. 2! 


Macautay Hist, Eng. U1. 448 A superstition as stupi 
and ss as the igyptian worship of cats and onions. 
Mod. Boarding School Prospectus. ere are no degrading 
punishments. 

2. Geol. Wearing down a surface. 

1842 H. Miter O. R, Sandst. x. (ed. 2) 228 The degrad- 
ing process is the same as that to which sandstones .. are 
exposed during severe frosts. 1880 Haucuton Phys. Geog, 
ii. 45 The absence of degrading forces at the sea 


148 


Hence Degra'dingly adv.; Degra‘dingness. 

1707 Norris Treat. Humility vi. 289 He that disparages, 
oaks cueenes ot ae Fer bly be much 
the prouder man of the two. 1803 Aun. “ 253 Two men 


Ww i d,d ingly b Dickens 
Mut. Fr. 1. iv, We are ingly poor, 1818 BentHam 
Ch. Eng. 274 Degrading! of. .its inh y in the very 


essence of a Sinecure, mention has been already made. 

+ Degra‘duate, v. Ods. [f. Dz- Il. 1+ Gra- 
DUATE | trans. To depose from rank or dignity ; 
to d le from an office or position. 

se: VELYN Mem. (1857) saat Since (after degraduatin; 
the Lord Mayor) they have voted five more of the princi 
aldermen out of the city government. 1814 G. Dyer Hist. 
Univ, Cambridge 1. 414 By mistaking the character, and 
degraduating him, we lose sight of the dignity of the poeta 


laureatus, - 

ua'tion!, Obs. rare—'.  [n. of 
action f. prec.: see -ATION.] Degradation, abase- 
ment from rank or dignity. 

1581 Ricn Farewell (1846) 85 Besides the degraduation of 
her honour, she thrusteth her self into the pitte of per- 
petualle infamie. - 

+ De-gradua‘tion 2. Paint. Obs. [f. De-I.1 

+graduation.] Gradual diminution to give the 
effect of distance : cf. DEGRADATION ”. 

1784 i. Barry Lect. Art v. ha 194 Perspective imita- 
tions of the aerial as well as lineal Ff -graduations of the 
object. /bid. 197 In the ancient bas-reliefs there certainly 
is not much attention paid to any de-graduation of objects 
and their effects. 

+ Degrandinate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dé- 
grandinare, f. De- 1, 1 or 3 + grandinare to hail, 
f. grando, grandin-em hail.] (See quots.) 

1623 Cockeram, Degrandinate, to haile downe right. 
1656 BLount Glossogr., Degrandinate, to hail much. 

+ De’ vate, v. Ods. [f. L. dégravare to 
weigh down, f. DE- I. 1 +.gravare to load, burden : 
see -ATE3.] ¢vans. To weigh down, burden, load. 

1574 Newton Health Mag. 54 They degravate the tongue 
and hinder the speech. 1727 Batey vol. II, Degravate, 
to make heavy, to burden. 7 

+ Degrava‘tion. 0s. [n. of action f. L. dé- 
gravare: see prec.] The action of making heavy. 

1755 in JOHNSON. 

grease, v.: see De- II. 2. 

Degree (digr7*), sé. Forms: 3-6 degre, (3 
de-grece, 4-5 pegre, 5 decre, dygre), 6 degrie, 
4- degree; also f/. 5 degrece, degreces. See 
also Gree. [ME. degre, pl. -ez, a. OF. degre, 
earlier nom. degrez, obl. degret (St. Alexis, 11th c.) 
Pr. degrat, degra :—late pop. L. *dégrad-us, -um, 
f. De- I. 1 down + grad-us step.] 

1. A step in an ascent or descent ; one of a flight 
of steps; a step or rung of a ladder. Ods, (exc. in 
Heraldry) . 

crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 482/44 Huy brouzhten him up-on 
an he de-grece bat muche folk him cha cxgas LE. E. 
Allit. P, A. 1021 Pise twelue degres wern brode and stayre, 

le cyte stod abof. c 3 Mavunpev. (1839) xxvii. 276 The 

Jegrees to gon up to his Throne. a1400-s0 Alexander 
5636 And xij degreces all of gold for gate vp of lordis. 1483 
Caxton Cato Av, He sawea ladder whyche had ten degrees 
or stappes. 1598 Hak.uyr Voy. I. 69 ‘There were certain 
degrees or staires to ascend vnto it. 1601 SHaks. Ful. C. 
11. 1. 26 He then vnto the Ladder turnes his Backe. .scorning 
the base degrees By which he did ascend. 1682 WHELER 
Journ. Greece v. 385 Raised upon half a dozen steps or 
degrees, 1738 Near Hist. Purit, IV. 171 At the upper 
end there was an ascent of two degrees covered with carpets. 
1864 Bourret, Heraldry Hist. & ni, oh 28 When placed 
upon steps. .a Cross is said to be on Degrees. 

b. ¢ransf. Something resembling a step ; each 
of a series of things placed one above another like 
steps; row, tier, shelf, etc. 

1611 Coryat Crudities 201 Goodly windowes, with three 
degrees of glasse in them, each containing sixe rowes. 1611 
Heywoop Gold. Age 11. Wks. 1874 IIL, 28 In chace we clime 
the high degrees Of euerie steepie mountaine._ 1704 HEARNE 
Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 427 The Ship of excessive Magnitude 
with 20 Oars built for King Hiero, 1726 Leoni 
Alberti’s Archit. 11. 37 b, If the Cupola have a cover on the 
outside made with degrees like steps. ae S. . WicLEY 
Borromeo's Instr. Eccl. Building xv. 46 the wooden 
degree on the after part of the altar, 

. fig. A step or stage in a process, etc., esp, one 
in an ascendin, ior descending scale. 

c 1230 Hali Meid. 2 maht bi pe degrez of hare blisse 
a. hwuch and wie caved gt an mat bs odre. 
1sgo Pacer in Froude /7ist. Lng. (1881) IV. 502 ‘ich re- 
cognizance is the first_ degree to amendment. 1600 Saks. 
A. Y. L. viv. “ Can you nominate in order now the 
degrees of the lye? 1600 


. Biount tr. Conestaggio 246 The 
greatest in Spain aspire .. to be Viceroy of N where- 
unto they labour to come by many degrees. RYDEN 


Marr. @ la Mode w. ii, To go unknown is the next degree 
to going invisible. 1713 Sreece Sfect. No, 422 P 1 To say 
_ thing which ., brings blushes into his Face, is a degree of 
er. 

b. esp. in phr. By degrees: by successive steps 
or stages, by little and little, gradually. . 

1563-7 BucHAnan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 12 Thyr 
regentis sal pas be degreis the hail cours of dialectic, logic, 
etc. 1604 Suaxs. O?A. 11. iii. 377 What wound did euer heale 
but by degrees? 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 31 Fill it by 
Degrees. 1700 S. L, tr. Fryke's Voy. 109 Several of our Com- 
pany. foes in by degrees. 1711 Appison Sfect, No. 123 
? s His Acquaintance with her by degrees grew into Love, 
& Emma 4 fi Be epee | beau- 


a@172at Prior 
Wazs iii, The c of Colonel 


tifully less. 1814 


DEGREE. 
Talbot dawned upon Edward by degrees. | 


Novel w. iii, By d he my ey | 
‘ovel Ww. iii, legrees he began to resign more 
Sees ie Nominai’s ore and tation: 


3. A ‘step’ in direct line of descent ; in f/. the 
number of such steps, upward or downward, or 
both upward to a common ancestor and downward 
from him, determining the proximity of blood of 
collateral descendants. 

Prohibited or forbidden degrees : the number of such steps 
within which iag' Spee d; deg of 
aged and affinity within which marriage is not allowed. 

n the Civil Law the degree of relationship between col- 
1 Is is d by the ber of steps up from one of 
them to the common ancestor and thence down to the other; 
according to the Canon Law by the number of steps from 
the common ancestor to the party more remote from him; 
uncle and niece are ing to the former related in the 
third, according to the latter in the second degree. 

a i Cursor M. 5603 (Gott.) A man was of bis genealogy 
Fra him bot po tober degre. _¢ 1340 ag (Fairf.) Qua- 
sim wil se fra adam pe alde How many degrees to criste is 
talde. c1450 Golagros & Gaw. 1044 Na nane of the nynt 
degre haue noy of “y name, 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 20 
Preamb., Beyng of kyn and alied unto the said John.. 
within the second and third degree. 1540 Act 52 Hen. V//1, 
c. 38 title, Concerning precontracts and degrees of Con- 
sanguinite. c1gso CuEKeE Matt. i. 17 Therfoor from David 
unto Abraham theer weer feorteen degrees. 1604 Canons 
Ecclesiastical (1852) 48 No person shall within the 
degrees prohibit Mg the laws of God. 1660 ft Tayior 
Duct. Dubit. 237 The reasons why the Projectors of the 
Canon law did forbid to the fourth or to the seventh degree. 
1762 Univ. Mag. Mar. 119 She was the daughter of Margaret, 
the eldest sister of Henry VIII .. and .. was one degree 
nearer the royal blood of "England than — 1824 Scotr 
St. —- xxxi, I ——_ ae eg — pied fighting, 
as there is no marriage, within the forbidden degrees. 1848 
Wuarton Law Lex. 406 Marriages between collaterals to the 


| third degree inclusive, ree | to the mode of computation 


in the civil law, are prohibit Cousins german or first 
cousins, being in the fourth degree of collaterals, may marry. 

b. Used, by extension, of ethnological relation- 
ship through more or less remote common ancestry. 

1799 W. Tooke Russian Emp. 11. 104 The nations that.. 
ead. in various degrees of affinity with the Samoyedes. 

4. A stage or position in the scale of dignity or 
rank ; relative social or official rank, grade, order, 
estate, or station. 

c1230 Hali Meid. 15 Se pu herre stondest, beo sarre 


| offearet to fallen for se herre degre. ¢ 1385 EZ. E. Altit. P. 


B. 92 Ful manerly with marchal mad for to sitte, As he 
watz dere of de-gre, dressed his seete. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro. 
744 Al haue I folk nat set in here degre. — Clerk's T. 369 
He saugh that vnder low degre Was ofte vertu y-hid. ¢ 1420 
Sir Amadace (Camden) |, Kny3te, squiere, 3oman and knaue, 
Iche mon in thayre degre. %c1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 1 It 
was a squyer of lowe degré That loved the Kings doughter 
of Hungré. ¢1510 More Picus Wks. 11/2 Holding myself 
content with my bokes and rest, of a childe haue lerned to 
liue within my degree. 1548 Hatt Chron. 186 Men of al 
ages & of al degrees to him dayly repaired. ax Hey- 
woop Fortune by Land 1, ii, Do you think I..would marry 
under the degree of a Gentlewoman? 1746 W. Harris in 
Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbu 


unequal degrees, 
b. A rank or class of persons, ? Ods. 


cr Cursor M. 27715 (Cotton Galba) None .. may fle 
enuy, Bot pouer caitefs.. None has enuy till bat degre. 
1470-85 Matory Arthur 1x. xxxv, ne alle the estates 


and degrees hyhe and lowe sayd of syr launcelot grete 
worship, 1577 NorTHBROOKE Dicing (1849) 105 So much 
— now a dayes amongst all sorts de; 1585 

. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. u. xiii. 48 b, Without 
sparyng an’ ¢ or degree. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com, Prayer 
(1661) 249 ishop .. begins,.. all the degrees of Ecclesi- 
asticks singing with him. a1754 Frecvinc es Lisbon 
Wks. 1882 VII. 27 This barbarous custom is peculiar to the 
English, and of them only to the lowest degree. 


kerver or sewer most asserve every disshe Gegre, after 
and course of servise as folowith. R. H. School 
Recreat, 8 The is first a Rabbet, then an 


Coney. ‘Thus much for their Names, Degrees, and 
To speak briefly of the 
Seasons of the several 
5. Relative condition or state of being; manner, 
way, wise ; relation, 
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 55 He stombled at a chance, 
& felle on his kne, Porgh pe schank he ros, & serued in 
¢ 1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 1031 Dido, We .. Be 


his de; 

howd sclaundred, and in swiche degre, No lenger for to 

lyven I ne kepe. Chron, Vilod. 963 Bot sone after- 

ward he felle into suche d: pat gret sekenesse come his 

need to. Two Cookery bt 36 tigen | on with 
nderys, oper ine, on 

a-nother degre, so pat pey ben d . €1ge0o Merchant 


$ Son in Halliwell Nuga Poet. 38 ‘To see yow come in thys 
legre, 


one degtee in place of a Servant, so is he in another 
in place of a frie! 


6. A step or stage in intensity or amount; the 
relative intensity, extent, measure, or amount of a 
ansnitys attribute, or action. 


closely related to sense 2. 
¢1380 Wycuir Se/, Wks, 111. a Cristene men .. shulde 


DEGREE. 


have discerved most pauk of God in degre possible to hem. 
1414 Bramrron Pexit, Ps. i. t How I had synned, and what 
degre. 1538 Starkey Exgland 1. ii. 45 By the reson wherof 
felycyte admyttyth .. degres ; and some haue more wele, 
and som les. 1586 B. Younc Guasso's Civ. Conv. 1v. 192 
Judge to what degree or stint he ought to delaie it [wine] 
with water. 160x Suaxs. 7'wed. NV.1. v.61 Misprision in the 
highest degree. 1652 J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nat. Parad., 
Who knew themselves greater aud more beautifull many 
degrees. 1667 Mitton P. Z. v. 490 The latter most is ours, 
Differing but in degree, of kind the same. 1739 Hume Ham, 
Nat, (1874) I. 1. v. 323 When any two objects possess the same 
quality in common, the degrees, in which they possess it, form 
a fifth species of relation. 1824 Loner. in Life (1891) I. v. 55, 
I have the faculty of abstraction to a wonderful degree. 

b. A degree; aconsiderable measure or amount 
of. Toa degree (colloq.): to an undefined, but con- 
siderable or serious, extent; extremely, seriously. 
To the last degree: to the utmost measure. 

1639 T. Brucis tr. Camus’ Moral Relat. 165 Whose fire 
was come to the last degree of it’s violence. 1665 DrypEN 
Indian Emp. u. iv, Thou mak’st me jealous to the last de- 
gree. 172x D’Urrey New Ofera’s, etc. 251 The Cadiz, 
raging to degree. 1737 Bracken Varriery [mpr. (1757) II. 
249 Let any one walk in a cold Air, so that his Feet if cold 
to a Degree. 1775 SHERIDAN Rivals u. i, Assuredly, sir, 
your father is wrath to a degree. 1865 CartyLe Fredk. 
Gt. VIL, xvu. ii. 18 A Czarina obstinate to a degree; would 
not consent, 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 13 Few philoso- 
phers will deny that a degree of pleasure attends eating and 
drinking. 1888 Sectator 30 June 878 His argument .. is 
far-fetched to the last degree. 

+e. Applied in the natural philosophy of the 
Middle Ages to the successive stages of intensity 
of the elementary qualities of bodies (heat and cold, 
moisture and dryness) ; see quots. Ods. 

c 1400 Lanfranc’s Ci ged x1 pilke bing pat we seie is hoot 
in pe firste degree pat is I-heet of kyndely heete pat is in 
oure bodies. 1578 Lyte Dodoens u. Ixxxiii. 261 Rue is hoate 
and dry in the thirde degree, 1727-51 Campers Cyc. 
s.v,, The degrees usually allowed are four, answering to 
the number of the peripatetic elements. In the school 
philosophy, the same qualities are divided into eight .. Fire 
was held hot in the eighth degree, and dry in the fourth 
degree, ay 

da. Crim. Law. Relative measure of criminality, 
as in Principal in the first, or second, degree: see 
quots. In U.S. Law, A distinctive grade of crime 
(with different maximum punishments), as ‘murder 


in the first degree’, or ‘ second degree ’. 


a id Hate Pleas of Crown (1736) 1. 613 Those, who did 
actually commit the very fact of treason, should be first tried 
before those, that are principals in the second degree. /did. 
615 By what hath been formerly deliverd, principals are in 
two kinds, principals in the first degree, which actually com- 
mit the offense, principals in the second degree, which are 
present, aiding, and abetting of the fact to be done. 1797 
Yacob's Law Dict. s.v. Accessary, A man may bea sips 1 
in an offence in two degrees ., he must be certainly guilty, 
either as principal or accessary. . and if principal, then in the 
first degree, for there is no, .superior in the guilt, whom he 
could aid, abet, or assist. 1821 JEFFERSON A fod. Writings 
1892 I. 65 They introduced [1796] the new terms of murder 
in the rst and 2d degree. 1877 J. F. Srernen Digest Crim. 
Law art. 35 Whoever actually commits or takes part in the 
actual commission of a crime is a principal in the first de- 
gree, whether he is on the spot when the crime is committed 
or not, 
II. Specific and technical senses. 

7. A stage of proficiency in an art, craft, or course 
of study: a. esp. An academical rank or distinc- 
tion conferred by a university or college as a mark 
of proficiency in scholarship; also (honorary de- 
gree) as a recognition of distinction, or a tribute of 
honour. ‘ i 

Originally used of the preliminary steps to the Mastership 
or Doctorate, i.e. the Bachelorship and License 3 afterwards 
of the Mastership also. (As to the origin, see quot. 1794.) 

(1284 Chart, Univ. Paris. I. 1. No. 515 Determinatio [i.e. 
the Disputation for B.A.] est unus honorabilis gradus attin- 
gendi magisterium.] ¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 427 Degre 
takun in scole makib dis word more acceptable, and 
pe puple trowip betere perto whanne it is seyd of a maistir. 
1481 ton Myrr.1. v.26 Without hauyng the degree and 
name of maistre, 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 42 
That I shuld... go well enough forward in lerninge but 
never take any high degree in schooles. 1606 Saks, 77. 
& Cr... iii. 104, 1614 Be, Hatt Recoll, Treat. 772 You have 
twice kneeled to our Vice-Chauncellour, when you were ad- 
mitted to your degree. 1708 Hearne Collect. 17 June, This 
day Mr. Carter .. accumulated y® Degrees of Bach, and 
Doct, of Divinity. @1794 Ginson Axtobiog. 29 The use of 
academical degrees, as old as the thirteenth century, is visibly 
borrowed from the mechanic corporations: in which an ap- 
prentice, after serving his time, obtains a testimonial of his 
skill, and a licence to practice his trade and mystery. 1828 
Scorr F. M. Perth xi, A medal .. which intimated, in the 
name of some court or guild of minstrels, the degree she had 
taken in the Gay or ‘Peyote Science. 1868 M. Pattison 
Acadent. Org. v. 128:To pass through the whole of this 
course. . whose successive steps were called degrees (gradus), 
required at least twenty years. 

‘omb. 1886 W. Hooper Sketches fr. Academic Life 51 
It [an M.A. degree] had been obtained from one of these de- 
factories. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commonw. ILI,v1, cii. 462 
They complain of the multiplication of degree-giving bodies. 
b. Freemasonry. Each of the steps of proficiency 
in the order, conferring successively higher rank on 
the initiated, as the first or ‘entered apprentice 
degree’, the second or ‘fellow craft degree’, the 
third or ‘degree of master mason’, 

There are 33 degrees recognized by the Ancient and Ac- 

cepted Scottish Rite, besides many others considered more 


149 


or less irregular. Some bodies recognize-only three de- 
grees. 

€1430 Freemasonry 727 To the nexte degre loke wysly, ‘To 
do hem reverans by and by. 1878 Fort Early Hist. Free- 
masonry, A society comprising three degrees of laborers,— 
masters, fellows, and apprentices. 1881 Yext-bh, Free- 
masonry 27 There are several degrees in Freemasonry with 
peculiar secrets restricted to each. 

8. Gram. Each of the three stages (Positive, 
CoMPARATIVE, SUPERLATIVE) in the comparison of 
an adjective or adverb. 

{A technical application of sense 6.] 

1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 22 Pe feuere agu is be posityue 
degree, and in be superlatyue degree. 1530 Patscr. Introd. 
28 Adjectyves have thre degrees of comparation, 1621 
Burton Anat. Mel. ut. ii. vi. § 3 If..any were mala, pejor, 
pessima, bad in the superlative degree, 'tisa whore. 1707 
J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 145 He was the 
Superlative Degree of Avarice. 1855 Renee Hindistint 
Gram, bec 34 The adjectives in Hindtistani have no 
regular degrees of comparison. 1888 Pall Madi G. 31 Oct. 
4/1 There are three degrees of comparison in Empire, as in 
grammar, The positive is the chartered company; the com- 
parative is a protectorate ; the superlative, annexation. 

9. Geom. (Astron., Geog., etc.) A unit of mea- 
surement of angles or circular arcs, being an angle 
equal to the goth part of a right angle, or an arc 
equal to the 360th part of the circumference of a 
circle (which subtends this angle at the centre). 

The sign for degrees is °, thus 45° = forty-five degrees. 

‘This division of the circle is very ancient, and appears to 
have been originally applied to the circle of the Zodiac, a 
degree being the stage or distance travelled by the sun each 
day according to ancient Babylonian and Egyptian computa- 
tion, just as a sigz represented the space passed through in 
a month. 

1386 Cuaucer Sgr.'s 7. 378 The yonge sonne That in the 
Ram is foure degrees vp ronne. _ c 1391 — Astvol.1. §6 The 
entring of the first degree in which the sonne arisith. /67d. 
1. $22 I proue it thus by the latitude of Oxenford..the 
heyhte of owre pool Artik fro owre north Orisonte is 51 
degrees and 50 Minutes. 1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowde v. i. (1859) 


70 In the hole compas of the spyere ben of such degrees | 


thre honderd and syxty. 1527 in Arber 1s¢ 3 Eng. Bhs. 
Amer. Pref. p. xiv, We ranne in our course to the North- 
ward, till we came into 53 degrees..and then we cast about 
to the Southward, and..came into 52 degrees. 1559 W. 
Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 58 Cosmographers do place 
the first degre of Longitude in the West fortunate Ilandes. 
1590 Wesse 7rav. (1868) 25 Being thus in the land of prester 
Tohn, I trauelled within Eighteene degrees of y® Sun, euery 
degree being in distance three score miles. 1665 MANLEY 
Grotius LowC. Warres 471 A Land full of grass. .pleasantly 

een, where the Pole is elevated eighty degrees. 1719 Dv 
‘or Crusoe (1840) II, ii. 26 In the latitude of 27 degrees 
sminutes N. 1823 H. J. Brooke /ntrod. Crystallogr. 2 The 
angle at which they meet is said to measure go”, and is 
termed a right angle. 1867 J. Hocc Microsc. 1,1. 11 Trans- 
mitting a pencil of eighteen degrees. ; 

b. ¢ransf. A position on the earth’s surface or 
the celestial sphere, as measured by degrees (chiefly 
of latitude). 

1647 Cow.ey Mistress, Parting iii, The men of Learning 
comfort me; And say I’m in a warm Degree, 1663 BUTLER 
Hud. 1.1. 174 He knew the Seat of Paradise, Could tell in 
what Degree it lies. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 175 The next 
Day we discover'd the Magellan Clouds. . These Clouds are 
always seen in the same Degree, and the same orbicular 
Form, a 

10. Thermometry. a. A unit of temperature, 
varying according to the scaleemployed. b. Each 
of the marks denoting degrees of temperature on 
the scale of a thermometer, or the interval between 
two successive marks. 

The interval between the freezing and boiling points of 
water is divided in Fahrenheit's scale into 180 degrees, in 
the Centigrade into 100, in Réaumur’s into 80, The symbol 
°is used in this sense as in prec. ; thus 32° Fahr. means 
‘ thirty-two degrees of Fahrenheit’s scale’. 

1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyci.s.v. Thermometer,Various methods 
have been proposed .. for finding a fixed point, or degree of 
heat and cold, from which to account the other degrees, and 
adjust the scale. x Hutton Math. Dict. s.v. Thermo- 
metey, The distance between these two points he divided 
into 600 equal parts or degrees; and by trials he found at 
the freezing point ., that the mercury stood at 32 of these 
divisions. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 70 Raised from 
the degree of freezing to that of boiling water. 1877 Watts 
Dict. Chem. V. 762 sx. Thermometer, Thermometers in- 
tended to show the 4 of a degree (Fahr.), should have 
degrees not less than + inch in length. Jd. 763 For 
meteorological use, the degrees should still be etched on the 
glass, but may be repeated on the metal scale. 

ll. Aus. a, The interval between any note of a 
scale (esp. the diatonic scale) and the next note. 
b, Each of the successive notes forming the scale. 
ce, Each of the successive lines and spaces on the 
stave, which denote the position of the notes ; the 
interval between two of these. 

{1597 Mortey /utrod. Mus. 12 Those which we now call 
Moodes, they tearmid degree of Musicke.] 1674 PLayrorp 
Skill Mus. 1. 40'The asunder, the one Le ee, 
theotherbyleap. 1684. R. H. School Recreat. 115 ive 
Lines and Spaces .. are useful, as Steps or Gradations where- 
on the of Sound are to be expressed. 1727-51 
CuamBers Cycl. s.v., The musical d are three; the 
greater tone, the lesser sone, aid the semi-tone. /éid., 
Conjoint degrees, two notes which immediately follow each 
other in the order of the scale, 1880 Strainer Composition 
iii, All the degrees of a scale can be harmonized by chords 
formed by combining sounds of that scale, 1880 C. H. H. 
Parry in Grove Dict. Mus. s. v., The interval of a second 
is one degree, the interval of a third two degrees, and 
sQ on, 


DEGUM. 


+12. Arith. A group of three figures taken 

together in numeration. Odés, 
Be: 5 Reese Arith, (1696) 15 These places are distinguished 
into Degrees and Periods. Degrees are three ; Once, Ten 
times, a Hundred times. a 1677 Cocker’s Arith. (1688) i.§9 
A degree consists of three figures, viz. of three places com- 
prehending Units, Tens, and Hundreds, so 365 is a degree. 
{Hence in Jounson, etc.] 

13. A/g. The rank of an equation or expression 
as determined by the highest power of the unknown 
or variable quantity, or the highest dimensions of 
the terms, which it contains. 

Thus 234.2%, x¢y+.2y, are both expressions of the third 

degree; the terms x? and +*y being each of 3 dimensions. 
In algebraic geometry, the degree of a curve or surface is 
that of the equation expressing it. tParodic degree: see 
quot. 1730. 
_ 1730-6 Battery (folio), Parodic Degree (in Algebra) is the 
index or exponent of any power; so in numbers, 1. is the 
parodick degree, or exponent of the root or side; 2. of the 
square, 3. of the cube, etc. 1796 Hutton Math. Dict. s.v., 
Equations .. are said to be of such a degree according to 
the highest power of the unknown quantity. 1870 ‘Tov- 
HUNTER A leedra ix. §166 An equation of the first degree 
cannot have more than oneroot. 1872 B. WiLtiamson Diff. 
Calc. xiv. § 204 When the lowest terms in the equation of a 
curve are of the second degree, the origin is a double point. 
Lbid. § 207 The curves considered in this Article are called 
parabolas of the third degree. 

Degree (digrz), v. [f. DEGREE 5é.] 

+1. trans. To advance by degrees; to lead or 
bring on step by step. Ods. 

1614 T, Avams Devil's Banquet 168 Thus is the soules 
death degreed up. Sin gathers strength by custom, and 
creeps like some contagious disease..from joint to joint. 
1627-77 FevtHam Resolves 1. iii. 4, 1 like that Love, which by 
a soft ascension, does degree itselfin the soul. 1636 Heywoop 
Challenge 1. Wks. 1874 V. 27, Degree thy tortures, like an 
angry tempest, Rise calmely first, and keepe thy worst rage 
last. a1670 Hacker Abp, Williams u. 189 (D.), I will 
degree this noxious neutrality one peg higher. 

+b. absol. Obs. rare. 

1638 Heywoop London's Gate Wks. 1874 V. 273 There's 
not a stone that’s Jaid in such foundation But is a step 
degreeing to salvation. 

. To confer a degree upon. nosce-wse. 

[1s60: see DeGreep.] 1865 Mrs. Watney Gayzorthys ii. 
(1879) 23 A divine. .degreed in due course as Doctor Divini- 
tatis, 1891 Saz. Rev. 22 Aug, 208 The Demographers. .had 
the good fortune to be welcomed and degreed at Cambridge. 

Degreed (digr7d), a. [f. DeGREE sé, (and v.).] 

1. Having an academical degree. 

_ 1560 in Strype Aun. Ref. I. xvii. 215 Such as be degreed 
in the Universities. 

+2. Made or done by gradations, graduated. 

1581 Mutcaster Positions xi. (1887) 50 Musick. .standeth 
vpon an ordinate, and degreed motion of the voice, 

+3. Having a (specified degree or rank. Ods. 

1608 Heywoop Rafe of Lucire u. ili, We, that are degreed 
above our people. 1656 S. H. Gold. Law 43 Are they not 
both (though differently degree’d), servants to one and the 
same Lord? ; ee 

+4, Marked out in successive divisions. Ods. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 23 Her two horns are all joynted 
and degreed like the stops in the germination of some Plants. 

Her, Of a cross: Placed upon ‘degrees’ or 
steps; = DEGRADED. In mod. Dicts. 

+ Degree‘ingly, adv. Obs. rare. [f. degreeing, 
pres. pple. of DEGREE v. + -LY?.] By degrees, 
gradually, step by step. 

1627-77 Fevtuam Resolvest. xcvii. 151 Degreeingly to grow 
to greatness, is the course that he hath left for Man. 

Degree'less, ¢. rare. [-LEsS.] 

1. Without degree or measurement ; measureless. 

1839 Baitey Festus xix. (1848) 218 Deep in all dayless 
time. degreeless space. 

2. Without an academical degree or degrees. 

1825 New Monthly Mag. X11. 414 Parliament could not 
well refuse a degreeless university to..Londoners. 1892 
Times (weekly ed.) 1 Jan. 21/4 The case of those who are.. 
left degreeless..is the hardest of all. 

+ Degre'ss, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dégress-, 
ppl. stem of dégredz to descend, dismount ; f. DE- 
I. 1+ gradi to step, go.] 

168 CockeraM, Degresse, to vnlight from a Horse. 
+Degre'ssion. Ods.  [ad. L. dégression-em 
going down, n. of action from dégredi (see prec.).] 
Stepping down, descent. Also a textual variant of 
DIGRESSION. 

1486 Hen, VII at York in Surtees Misc. (1890) 55 For 
your blode this citie made never degression. 1618 Lirucow 
Pilgrim's Farewell, Thy stiffeneckt crew..misregarding 
God, fall in degression. 

Degrez, obs. pl. of DEGREE sd. 

|| Degu (degz). Zool, [Native name in South 
America.] A South American genus Octodon of 
hystricomorphous or porcupine-like rodents ; esp, 
the species O. Cumingii, abundant in Chili. 

1843 List Mammalia Brit. Mus. 122 The cucurrito or the 
Degus, Octodon Degus. 1883 Cassell’s Nat. Hist. Ul. 129 
The Degu is a rat-like animal, rather smaller than the 
Water Vole, the head and body measuring from seven and 
a half to eight inches in length, 


Deguise: see Discuisz. 

+De-gulate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dégulare 
to consume, devour, f. Dr- I. 1+ gu/a gullet.] 

1623 Cockeram, Degu/ate, to consume in belly cheere. 

Degum, v.; see De- II. 2, 


me 


° a 
DEGUST. 


(digw'st), v. rare. [ad. L. dégustare, 

f. De- 1. 3 + gustare to taste. Cf. mod.F. déguster.] 

trans. To taste ; es. to taste attentively, so as to 
appreciate the savour. Also adso/. 

13 CockeRAM, Degust, to taste. 1860 Reape Cloister & 

H. ii. (D.), A soupe au vin, madam, I will degust, and 

gratefully. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sg. 17 Wine..a deity 

to be invoked by two or three, all fervent, hushing their talk, 


degusting tenderly. 
Degustate (digo'steit), v. rave. [f. L. dé- 
1. stem of dégustare : see prec.] =prec. 


gustat-, 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’'s Bk. Physicke 85/2 When as we 
can not digustate ether Meate, or Drincke. 1831 T. L. 
Peacock Crotchet Castle iv. (1887) 56 Which gave the 


divine an opportunity to degustate one or two side dishes. 
Degustation (digzsté'fan). [ad. L. dégusta- 
tion-em tasting, making trial of, n. of action from 
dégustare: see Decust. Cf. F. dégustation.] The 
action of degusting or tasting. 

a 1656 Br. Hatt Souls Farew. Wks. 1837 VIL. 314 Carnal 
delights ; the degustation whereof is wont to draw on the 
heart to a more eager appetite. 1880 Daily Tel. 11 Oct., 
The ‘tasting bars’ devot 
of alcoholic compounds. 2 

Degustator (digu'stéta1). rare. [agent-n. in 
L. form from L. dégustdre: see prec. Cf. mod.F, 
dégustateur.| One who degusts, or tastes as a 
connoisseur. 

1833 New Monthly Mag. XX XVIII. 223 The numerous 
degustators of oysters with which our capital abounds. 

egustatory (digz'statari), a. [f. L. dégustat-, 
ppl. stem of dégustare: see -onY.] Pertaining to 
degustation ; tasty. 

1824 New Monthly Mag. X1. 394 A constant ingurgitation 
of degustatory morsels. 

Deguyse, degyse: see DIsGulsE v. 

Deh, obs. 3rd sing. pres. of Dow v. 

|| Déhaché (deha‘fe), a. //er. [obs. F. déhaché 
‘hacked, hewed, cut into small pieces’ (Cotgr. 
1611), f. De- I. 1, 2+ Aacher to cut.] (See quots.) 

1766 Porny //eraldry v. (1777) 158 If a Lion, or any other 
Beast is represented with its limbs and body separated. .it 
is then termed Déhaché or Couped in all its parts. [bid. 
Gloss., Déhaché, this is an obsolete French word. .the term 
Couped is now used in stead of it. 1880 G. T. Ciark in 
Encycl; Brit. X1. 698/2 (Heraldry) In one or two well- 
known instances on the Continent he [the lion] is ‘déhaché’, 
that ts, his head and paws and the tuft of his tail are cut off. 

+ Dehaw'st. Os. rare. [f. L. dehaust-um, pa. 
pple. of déhaurire to draw or drain off, f. Dr- I. 2 
+ haurire to draw, drain.] Drain, exhaustion. 

1654 Coprincton tr. //ist, Justine 536 He being the cause 
of the great Dehaust of moneys in the Exchequer. |. 

Deheathenize, dehellenize, dehistoricize : 
see De- II. 1. 

Dehisce (dihis),v.  [ad. L. dzhisc-bre to open 
in chinks, gape, yawn, f. DE- I. 2 + Atscere, inceptive 
of Adare to stand open, gape.] zur. To gape; in 
Bot. to burst open, as the seed-vessels of plants. 

1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 259 Dehiscing with fre- 
quent chinks. 1830 LinpLey Nat. Syst. Bot. 35 Ovarium 
consisting of 5 carpella..dehiscing in various ways. 1859 
Topp Cycl. Anat.V. 246/1 The organ. subsequently dehisces 
in four valves. 1882 O’ Donovan Merv IIL. xliv. 241 The green 
carpels..dehisce, separating and bending backwards. 

Hence Dehi'scing ///. a. 

1845 Linptey Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 33 Valves ventricose.. 
scarcely dehiscing. : : : 

Dehiscence (dthisséns). [ad. mod.L. dehi- 
scentia ‘quum fructus maturus semina dispergat’ 
(Linneus), f. L. dzhescent-em, pr. pple. of déhiscére : 
see -ENCE. So in mod.F.] Gaping, opening by 
divergence of parts, esf, as a natural process: @. 
Bot. The bursting open of capsules, fruits, anthers, 
etc. in order to discharge their mature contents. 

1828 WessteR cites Martyn. 1830 Linptey Nat. Ops 
Bot. Introd. 29 In H lide dehi e is effected by 
the falling off of the face of the anthers. 1870 Bentiey Sot, 
243 The anthers. .open and discharge the contained pollen ; 
this act is called the dehiscence of the anther. 

b. Anim. Phys. Applied to the bursting open 
of mucous follicles, and of the Graafian follicles, for 
the a of their contents. 

1859 Topp Cyc. Anat. V. 56/t The ova..drop by internal 
dehiscence into the cavity of the ovary. 1870 RoLLeston 
Anim. Life Introd, 38 The ova are set free by dehiscence 
into the perivisceral cavity. 


c. fig. an . 
x axe Crhenalt Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 285 The dehiscence 
. .of such tensely-compressed floes, must be the cause of the 
loud explosions we have heard lately, 1860 O. W. Hotmes 
Elsie V. 139 A house is a large pod with a human germ or 
two in of its cells or chambers ; it opens by dehiscence 
of the front Fann +. and projects one of its germs to Kansas, 


to . 

Dehiscent (dé hirsént), a. [ad. L. déhiscent-em, 
pr. pple. of dzhiscére to Dentsce. So in mod.F.] 
Gepieg open ; sfec., in Bot. opening as seed-vessels. 

1649 Butwer Pathomyot. u. ii. 107 The Mouth. .is Dehis- 
cent, P scarce Dehiscent into a " LinpLey 
Sch. Bot. i. (1858) 17 If .. [the fruit] splits into when 
ripe it is Z ne Grinnell Exp. xix. 

it is called dehiscent. es Ex Gri Exp. xix 
(1856) 145 The when the dehiscent edges and mountain 
ravines... have worn down into rounded hill and gentle 
valley. 1872 H. Macmitian True Vine iv. 162 The fruits 
of many plants are dehiscent. .they open to scatter the seed. 

b. Said of the elytra of insects when they do not 


ey 


to the ‘degustation’ of all kinds | 


150 


meet at the apices; also of antennz ‘divergent at 
the tips. 1889 in Cent. Dict. 
[n. of 


+Dehominastion. sonce-wd. Obs. 
action from med.L. dzhomindre to deprive of the 
status of a man (Du Cange), f. De- I. 6 + homo, 
homin-em man.] Deprival of the character or 
attributes of humanity. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 51 He fears..as an Angell 
dehominations ; as a Prince, dis-common-wealthings. 

Deho'nestate, v. vare. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
déhonestare to dishonour, disgrace (f. De- I. 6 + 
honestus HONEST): see -ATE%.] trans. To dis- 
honour, disgrace, disparage. 

= Jer. Taytor Fun. Serm. Abp. Bramhall U1. 224 
(L.) The excellent. .pains he took in this particular, no man 
can dehonestate or reproach. 1825 Lams Vision of Horns, 
Knaves who deh tate the intellects of married women. 

Hence Dehonesta‘tion (ad. L. dzhonestation-em), 
dishonouring, dishonour. 

c1sss Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 96 The de- 
honestation and dishonouring of the brother. 1653 GAUDEN 
Hierasp. 482 The infinite shame, deh ion, and infamy 
which they bring. 1661 — Avti-Baal-B. 464 (L.) Sacrilege 
. .is the unjust violation, alienation or dehonestation of things 


truly sacred. 
|| Dehors (daho'r), prep. and sb. [a. OF. dehors, 
F, also defors, 


prep., mod. F. dehors adv. and sb. ; 
Pr. defors, Cat. defora, Sp. defuera, a late L. or 
Romanic comb. of de prep. + L. /oras out of doors, 
forth, also in sense of L. for7s out of doors, outside, 
without. Cf. It. fuor, fuora, fuori.) 

A. prep. (Law.) Outside of; not within the 
scope of. 

17or Law French Dict., Dehors, out, without. 1818 
Cruse Digest (ed. 2) VI. 196 The Judge..was of opinion 
that nothing dehors the will could be received to show the 
intention of the devisor. 1885 Lp. Esner in Law Times 
LXXIX. 445/1 The trustees were named in the deed, but 
who they were was a fact dehors the deed. 

+ B. sb. (Fortif.) See quot. Obs. 

1706 Puituurs (ed. Kersey), Dehors..in Fortification, all 
sorts of separate Out-works, as Crown-works, Horn-works, 
Half-moons, Ravelins, etc., made for the better security of 
the main place. 1721 in Baitey; and in mod. Dicts. 

Dehort (dthg it), v. Now rare. [ad. L. dé- 
horta-ri to dissuade, f. DE- I. 2 + hortari to exhort.] 

1. ¢rans. To use exhortation to dissuade (a person) 
from a course or purpose; to advise or counsel 
against (an action, etc.). ta. with simple (or 
double) obj. Now Oés. 

1545 Jove Exf, Dan. i. (R.), Jermye wel dehorted and 
disswaded the peple sayinge [etc.]. 1553 T. Witson Xhet. 
(1580) 29 Wherby we doe perswade .. disswade .. exhorte, 
or dehorte..any man. 1611 Brsie 1 J/acc. ix. 9 But they 
dehorted him, saying, Wee shall neuer be able. a@1631 
Donne Lett. xcvii. Wks. VI. 416, I am far from dehorting 
those fixed Devotions. a“ Ussner Ann. iv. (1658) 24 
Exhorting them to observe the law of God. .and dehorting 
them the breach of that law. 1682 BurtHoccE Argument 
(1684) 121 He doth Dehort the Baptizing of Infants. 1696 
Ausrey Misc. (1721) 218, I dehort him who adviseth with 
me, and suffer him not to proceed with what he is about. 

b. Const. from. 

ar Fritu Another Bk. agst. Rastell Prol. Wks, (1829) 
207 To dehort thee from the vain and childish fear which our 
forefathers have had. 1603 Sir C. Hrypon fre Astrol. 
xili. 333 They dehorted him from going to Babylon. 1758 
Jortin Evasm. 1. 343 No person had taken so much pains 
as he to dehort all men from cruelty, 1825 Sourney Lett. 
(1856) III. 462 Croker dehorts me from visiting Ireland. 1882 
Cueyne /saiah xx. Introd., Isaiah had good reason. .to de- 
hort the Jews from an Egyptian alliance. 


+e. i's. Said of circumstances, etc. Ods. 
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 106 If the wasting of our 


money might not dehort vs, yet the wounding of our 
mindes should deterre vs. 1697 Porter Antig. Greece u. 
xvii. (1715) 339 It was unlucky, and dehorted them from 
pri ing in what they had designed. 

absol. 

1574 Wuitairt Def. Aunsw. i, Wks. (1851) 1. 156 Christ 
doth not here dehort from bearing rule.. but from seeking 
rule. 1660 Jer. ‘Tavtor Duct. Dudit. 1. iv. rule xx, § 19 
S. Paul does..dehort from marriage not as from an evil but 
as from a burden, a@1703 Burwitt On N. 7. Heb. xiii. 6 
‘The words are a strong reason to dehort from covetousness, 
and to exhort to contentedness. 1801 F. Barretr 7he Magus 
19 The Creator. .dehorting from the per of the apple. 

Hence Deho'rting vé/. sd. and Afi. a. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. 34 b, The places of exhortyng and 
dehortyng are the same Ghiche wee use in perswadyng and 
damont . 1586 A. Day Eng: Secretary 1. (1625) 82 After 
these Epistles Dehorting an Hog ion, 1652 GAULE 
Magastrom. 29 Whan God desists from his gracious and 
serious dehorting. 

Dehortation (dihpité-(n), [ad."L. dahorta- 
tion-em, n. of action from déhortari to DEHORT.] 

1. The action of dehorting from a course ; earnest 


dissuasion. 


1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 273/2 Al the dehortacions and 
comm & threts in scripture. T. Starrorp 
Pac. Hib, xiv, (1821) 164 His Count vsed loud and 
rude dehortations to keepe him from 1737, WHISTON 
Fosephus’ Hist. u. viii. § 11 Exhortations to virtue, 
dehortations from wickedness. 1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 240 
It is the voice of phatic deh , not to do 
what would dis; 


please God. 
+ 2. Power or faculty of dehorting. Ods.vare—". 
1655 R. Younce Agst. Drunkards 16° Oh that -T had 
dehortation iemwerdble'ty my detestation of it! wow 3 


DEHYPNOTIZE. 


Dehortative (dthgstitiv), a. and sb. [ad L. 

dchortativ-us, f. ppl. stem of déhortari: see -1VE.] 
A. adj. Having the quality or purpose of de- 
horting ; dehortatory. 

1620 Woopwarp in Gutch Coél/. Cur. 1. 181 Wryting..a 
dehortative letter inst the match with Spa: 1810 
Coxertce in Lit. Rem. 111. 301 The words of the Apostle 
are exhortative and dehortative. 

B. sé. A dehortative address or argument. 

1671 True Nonconf. 431 His words after the usual manner 
of dehortatives, do seem some what tending to the contrary 
extreme. Miss L. M. Hawkins Memoirs 11. 12 My 
father suggested that the horse-pond might be the best de- 
hortative. 1850 L. Hunt A utobiog. v. (1860) 102 The doctor 
.-warned me against the perils of authorship; adding, as 
a final dehortative, that ‘the shelves were full’. 

atory (d/hg3tateri), a. and sd. [ad. 
L. déhortatori-us, £, dzhortari: see -ORY.] 
A. adj. Characterized by dehortation; dis- 
suasory. 
1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. Epit. B, Those places which 


are used..in an epistle Exhortatorie and Dehortatorie. 
1644 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 103 A di char, 
to avoid the offence of God. 1804 Souraxy Lett. (1856) 1. 


251, I wrote to him in rather a dehortatory strain. 
+ B. sb. A dehortatory address. Ods. 

1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 581 That fair 

dehortatory from joyning with Malignants. 
orter (dihgutez). [f. DeHorr v. + -ER.] 
One who dehorts or advises inst an action, etc. 

1611 Cotcr., Desenhorteur, a dehorter, dissuader, 1755 
Jounson, Dehorter, a dissuader ; an adviser to the contrary: 
1866 LoweLL —_ Prose Wks. 1890 II. g1 So long as he 
was merely an exhorter or dehorter, we were thankful fot 
such eloquence. .as only he could give. 

1 Dehovrtment. Obs. rare—. 
+-MENT.] Dehortation. 

1656 S. HoLLAND Zara (1719) 118 Pantalone was too proud 
to hearken to dehortments. 

Dehu'man, a, nonce-wd. [De- II. 3.] Wanting 
the attributes of humanity. 

1889 L. Ansort in Chr. Union (N.Y.) 31 Jan., The demo- 
niacs..were distinctively, if I may coin the word, dehuman, 

Dehumanize (dzhi#manaiz), v. [Dxr- IIL. 1 
+ Human, Humanize.] ¢rans. To deprive of 
human character or attributes. 

1818 Moore Diary 4 Dec., ‘Turner's face was a 
de-humanised. 1889 Pad/ Mail G. 26 Nov. 1/2 
towns de-humanize our children. 

Hence Dehu‘manized #//. a.; Dehu'manizing 
vol. sb. and ppl. a.; also Dehumaniza‘tion. 

1844 N. Brit, Rev. 11. 109 These almost de-humanized 
creatures. 1856 R. A. VauGuan Mystics w. ii. note, The 
mystics ., representing regeneration almost as a of 
dehumanization. _ 1 J. Putsrorv Quiet Hours 156 It 
would seem as Pitan 6 the world’s method of Education 
were dehumanizing. 1860 O. W. Hotmes Elste V. xxii. 
(1891) 325 Centuries of de-humanizing celibacy. 1882 F. 
Harrison Choice Bhs. (1886) 446 To rehumanise the de- 
humanised members of society. 1889 G. Gissinc Nether 
World 111. i. 19 The last step in that process of dehumanisa- 
tion which threatens idealists of his t 

+ Dehu'sk, 2. Obs. rare. [f. De- I. 2+ Hvsx.] 
trans. To deprive of the husk. 

1566 Drant /forace Aiij, An hundreth thousande mets of 
corne dehuskde. 1567 — Zf/st. vi. Dj, That thy neighbour 
should haue more Wheate . . dehuskd the flore. 

Dehydrate (dijhai-dre't),v. Chem. [f. De- I. 
2+ Gr. #5wp, in comb. bdp- water + -aTE 3,] 

1. trans. To deprive of water, or of the elements 
which compose water in a chemical combination. 

1876 Foster Phys. 11. v. (1879) 388 The sugar becoming. . 
dehydrated into starch. 1880 Ke cemnaw Peretndiee 
Th. 279 When phosphoric acid is dehydrated. 1886 Fru/. 
Microsc. Soc. Ser. u. VI. 350 These are then dehydrated 
in per cent. alcohol. 

. zntr, To lose water as a constituent. 
1886 Prnl. Microsc. Soc. Ser. n. VI. 350 The celloidin 
la’ are slow in dehydrating. } . 
ence Dehy'drated ///. a.; Dehy drating p//. 
a. and vbl. sb.; also, Dehy’drater, an agent that 
dehydrates ; Dehydra‘tion, the removal of water, 
or of its constituents, in a chemical combination. 

1854 . Seorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 453 ‘The result 

of differe and deh 1 


[{f DeHorr z, 


‘ood deal 
r great 


nce between hydrati dehy 
Hartey Mat. Med. 1 59 The same complete dehydration is 
effected more slowly by mere exposure to the air. 1884 
Murr & Witson Thermal Chem. iv. § 175. 149 Those dehy- 
drated salts which dissolve in water with evolution of heat. 
1884 Pharm. Soc. Prospectus 6 Action of .. dehydrating 


nts upon them. 
_Dehydrogenate (déhaitdrodgéne't), v. Chem. 
[De- x 1] = agp -ating A//. a. sad 
Atom, Th. viii. ( te, 
eetrenclnd ademas dattecembes 


Dehyérogenine (déjhai-dro,dgénaiz), v. Chem. 
[f. De- [I.1 + HyDROGEN + -128.] ¢rans. *e deprive 
of its hydrogen; to remove hydrogen from (a com- 


pound), Hence Dehy'drogenized ///. a. ; -izing 
vbl. sb, and ppl. a.; also Dehy-drogeniza’tion ; 


D :zer, a deh izing agent. 
1878 Ure Dict. Arts IV. 77 cnidntons and the 


isations play the important in th 
production of colour Thid. 1V.932 The action of dehydro- 
*“Dehypnotize (diihicpndtoiz), v. [Dz- Il. 1.] 
To awaken out of the hypnotic state. 
. Dei, obs. form of Day, Dis v. 


.- 


DEICAL. 


+ Deical, a. Ods. rare. 
f, L. de-us God) + -au.] Pertaining to God, 
ivine. 


[ad. med.L. dezc-us | 


1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme's Rem. Whs., Apol. Perfection | 


52 The Triune Totally perfect Divine or Deicall substance. 

Deicidal (d7issidal), a, [f. Deicipn + -aL.] 
Of or pertaining to deicide; god-slaying. 

AILEY Festus xix. (1848) 210 And thus the deicidal 
tribes made quit, 1880 SwinsurNe in Fortn. Rev. June 
762 A deicidal and theophagous Christianity. 

Deicide! (dzissid). [ad. mod. or med.L. dez- 
cida slayer of a god, f. de-us god +-cida: see -CIDE 
1. Cf. F. déicide (1681).] The killer of a god. 

1653 Gaupen Hierasf. 139 Uncharitable destroyers of 
Christians, are rather Deicides, than Homicides. 1657 
Pierce Div. Philanthr, 72 Our Saviour..did very heartily 

ray, even for those very homicides, and parricides, and 

eicides that kill’d him. 1731 Hist. Litteraria 11. 109 The 
Deicide was immediately conveyed for Refuge to the French 
Factory, and the dead God privately buried. 1882 Century 
Mag. XXIV. 179 In the Middle Ages, the Jews were 
believed to be an accursed race of deicides, 

Deicide 2 (dzissid). [ad. mod. or med.L. type 
*detcidium: see prec. and -CIDE 2.] The killing 
of a god. 

1611 SpeeD Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. § 59 In. . killing a Prince, 
the Traytor is guiltie of Homicide, of Parricide, of Christi- 
cide, nay of Deicide. 1688 Prior Exod, iii. 14 viii, And 
Earth prophan’d yet bless’d with Deicide. 1818 W. Taytor 
in Monthly Rev. LXXXVI. 4 To slaughter a cow for food 
being in their eyes, an act of deicide. 1860 Pusey J/in. 


Proph. 317 Their first destruction was the punishment of | 


their Deicide, the crucifixion of Jesus, the Christ. 

Deictic (doiktik), a Also deiktic. [ad. Gr. 
decxtix-ds able to show, showing directly, f. deuerus 
vbl. adj. of d¢eix-vu-var to show. 

‘The Greek word occurs in Latin medical and rhetorical 
writers as dicticos, which would give dictic; but the term is 
purely academic, and the form defctic or derktic is preferred 
as more distinctly preserving both in spelling and pronuncia- 
tion the Greek form. Cf. afodictic, -deictic.] 

Directly pointing out, demonstrative; in Logic, 
applied, after Aristotle, to reasoning which proves 
directly, as opposed to the e/enctic, which proves 
indirectly. 

1828 Wuatety ‘het. 1. ii. § 1 Thirdly into ‘ Direct’ and 
§Indirect’ (or veductio ad absurdum)— the Deictic and 
Elenctic of Aristotle. 1876 Douse Grimm's L.§ 31. 66 In 
meaning, the word originally covered all deiktic action 
irrespective of direction. 

+ Dei‘ctical, z. Ods. Also dict-. [f. Gr. 
Secerex-ds (see prec.) + -AL.] =prec. 

1638 Featiy Strict. Lyndom. 1, 89 Those Arguments 
which the Logicians tearme Dicticall. A 

Hence +} Dei-ctically adv., with direct indication 
or pointing out. 

1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. Ixviii. 8 Annot. 333 It may also be 
set by it selfe, this is Sinai, to denote deictically, when that 
shaking of the earth..was heard. a 1660— Wks. I, 703 (R.) 
And he that dippeth, at that time when Christ HENS it 
deictically, i.e. Toda is that person, 

Deid, Sc. and north. f. DEap, Datu, DEED. 

+ Deid-doar, Sc. Obs. [=death-doer, or dead- 
doer.] Slayer, murderer. 

31535 Stewart Cron, Scot. 11. 502 Thir deid-doaris..War 
tane ilkone and hangit. 

De-idealize, etc. : see Dr- IT. 1. 

Deie, Deiect, obs. ff. Dre v., DEJECT. 

Deierie, obs. form of Datry, 

Deif(f, obs. Sc. form of Dear. 

Deific (daifik), a. [a. F. déifigue (1372 in 
Hatzf.), ad. L. detfic-us god-making, consecrated, 
sacred, in med.L. ‘divine’, f. de-ws god + -ficus 
making: see -FIc.} Deifying, making divine; also 
(less properly), divine, godlike. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos xvi. 64 The grete vysion deyfyque 
that he had seen. 1627-77 Fer wiinis Rosoleatt 3301 225 Our 
Saviour. .putting all the world in the scale, doth find it far 
oo mans Deific soul. 1653 Urqunart Rabelais 
I. i, tt _nectarian, delicious ..and deific liquor. 1706 
Morrevx Radelais ww. liii. (1737) 219 O Deific Books! 1816 
T. Taytor Zss. VIII. 54 According. to a deific energy. 
1858 Faser oot of Cross a 145 What the hard style of 
mystical theology calls deific transformation. 1878 J. Coox 
Lect, Orthodoxy ii. 42 Our Lord displayed a degree of being 
that was deific. 

+ Deifical (dii'fikal), a. Obs. [f. L. detfic-us 
(see prec.) +-AL.] =prec. 

1563 Homilies . Sacrament 1. (1859) 443 The ancient catho- 
lic fathers. . were not afraid to call this Sip r, some of them, 
‘the salve of immortality’. .other, ‘a deifical communion’. 
1582 NV. 7. (Rhem.) Acts viii. Annot., That he might signe 
them ,, with the diuine and deifical ointment. 1627-77 
Fe.tuam Resolves 1. xxvii, 215 Those abilities .. beget a 
kind of Deifical Reverence in their future Readers. 

+ Dei‘ficate, 4//. a. Obs. 
pa. pple. of late L. detficdre to Detry.] 

151 


ified. 
Douctas Aéneis x. v. 48 In this figour has ws all 
translait, For euirmair to be deificat. Rottanp C7#. 
Venus w. £3,Sche is deificait. 1628 GauLE Pract. Th. 
(1629) 52 Of Man deificate, of God incarnate. 

+ Dei‘ficate, v. Cds. [f. ppl. stem of L, deifi- 
care to Driry.] To deify, to make divine. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 119 Claudius. . 
was laitly deceissit, and deificat be the Romanis. r, 
Repl. Harding (1611) 341 It is the Body it selfe 
Deificated. - 


uhilk 


EWEL 
our Lord 


[ad. L. detficat-as, 


151 


Deification (diifikefon). [n. of action from 
L. detficdre to Deiry: so in F. (1556 in Hatzf.).] 
The action of deifying; the condition of being 
deified or made a deity ; a deified embodiment. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 158 Lo now, through what creacion 
He [Apollo] hath deificacion, And cleped is the god of wit. 
1606 HoLtanp Swefon, 82 His deification after death. 
1700 DryvENn Fadles Pythag. Philos, Argt. 1 The death and 
deification of Romulus. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 29 The 
Phoenician religion has been defined to be a deification of 
the powers of Nature, . ; 

b. The treating or regarding of anything as a 
god or as divine. 

1651 Nicholas Papers (Camden) 227 The other part of that 
book. .is the deification of K. Charles. 1709 STEELE Tatler 
No. 33 7 He had the Audaciousness to throw himself at 
my ect. vandl then ran into Deifications of my Person. 
1848 ee Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 11 The deifica- 
tion of suffering. 1875 MANNING A/ission H. Ghost iii. 88 
‘The deification of the human reason as the sole rule of life. 

ce. The rendering of any one a partaker of the 
divine nature ; absorption in the divine nature. 

1856 R. A. VauGuan AZystics (1860) I. tv. ii. 93 All things 
have emanated from God, and the end of all is return to God. 
Such return—deification, he calls it—is the consummation of 
the creature. 1857 Keste Enchar. Ador.1g An union of 
condescension and power for the deification (so termed by 
the fathers) of each one of us. 


+ Devifica:tory, a. Ods. [f. deificat-, ppl. stem 
of L. detficdre to DEIFY + -ony.] Of or pertaining 
to deification ; having the function of deifying. 

1624 Botton Nevo 249 Expressed by a deificatorie herse, 
or throne. 1629 J. Maxwe tt tr. Herodian (1635) 227 
margin, The Funerall Pile, or Deificatory Throne. 

Deified (d7ifaid), ff/7. a. [f. Deiry v. + -ED.] 
Made into a deity, raised to the rank of a god; 
considered or treated as divine. 

1603 FLorio Montaigne (1634) 296 That Eagle is represented 
carrying..up towards heaven, those Deified soules. 1686 
Horneck Crucif£, Fesus ix. 157 Deified vices had their 
votaries. 1776 Gipson Dec/. & /. I. 373 The statues of the 
deified kings. 1862 Stantey Few. Ch. (1877) I. iv. 76 Thrice 


| a day before the deified beast the incense was offered. 


Deifier (d7ifoier), [f. Deiry v. + -ER.] One 
who or that which deifies. 

1736 H. Coventry Phil. to Hyd. Conv. iii. (R.), The first 
deifiers of men. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm. 325 His Human 
Nature, the Deifier of our nature. } 

Deiform (d7iffim), a. [ad. med.L. dezform-zs 
(Du Cange), f. de-ws god : see -FORM.] 

1. Having the form of a god; godlike in form. 

er H. More Song of Soud i. 1. 11. xlvii, Onely souls 
Deiform intellective, Unto that height of happinesse can 
get. «1667 Jer. TayLor Serm. for Year Suppl. (1678) 245 
We can no otherwayes see God..but by becoming Deiform. 
1825 New Monthly Mag. X1V. 280 Attempting to arrive at 
the deiform nature. 1856 Faner Creator § Creature u1. 
iv. sg) 383 By these [gifts of glory] we. . become. .deiform, 
shining like the Divinity. 

2. Conformable to the character or nature of God ; 
godlike, divine, holy. 

1654 GaTAKER Disc. Apol. 68 Admirable and most ravish- 
ing Devotions, Deiform Intentions, Heroical acts of Vertu. 
a1715 BuRNET Own Time (1766) I. 261 To consider religion 
as a seed of a deiform nature. 1794 T. TayLor Pausanias 
III. 330 Hence these souls..exhibit a deiform power. 1874 
Pusey Lenten Serm. 20 Free-will..enfreed and Deiform 
through grace, or enslaved and imbruted by sin. 

+ Deiformed, 7//. 2. Obs. [f.as prec. +-ED.] 
Formed in the image of God. 

1652 BenLtowes Theoph. 1. Argt. 23 The deiform'd Soul 
deform’d by Sin, repents. 

Deiformity (d7,iff-miti). [f. DetrorM + -rry.] 
The quality of being deiform; likeness to God ; 
conformity to the divine nature or character. 

1642 H. More Song of Soul iv. xxvii, The souls numerous 
plurality I’ve prov’d, and shew’d she is not very God; But 
yet a decent Deiformity Have given her. a1726 W. REEVES 
Serm. (1729) 370 This immediate influx of the Deity, which 
the Schoolmen call the Deiformity of the Soul. 1835 Sir A. 
DE VerE in Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton 11. 163 
Deiformity is the Ideal of regenerate Humanity. 

Deify (d7ifsi), v. [a. F. défier (13th c. in 
Hatzf.), ad. L. detficdre (Augustine and Cassio- 
dorus), f. de-us god + ficdre: see-FY.] trans. To 
make a god of ; to exalt to the position of a deity; 
to enroll among the gods of the nation or tribe. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 165 Juno, Neptunus, Pluto, The 
whch of nice fantasy The people wolde deify. 1430 Lypc. 
Chron, Troy 1. iii, [They] were both ystellyfyed In_ the 
heauen and there defyed. 1530 Pacscr. Ma A I deifye, 
I make an erthly man a God, as the gentylles dyd. 1634 
Hapincton Castara (Arb.) 123 The Superstition of those 
Times Which deified Kings to warrant their owne crimes. 
1728 Newton Chronol. Amended i. 134 The first instances 
that I meet with in Greece of Deifying the dead. 1868 
Giapstone Yuv, Mundi v. (1870) 123 Leukotheé, once 
a mortal, now deified in the Sea-region. _ 

b. To render godlike or divine in nature, char- 
acter, or spirit. 

a@ 1340 Hampo.e Psalter Ixxxi. 1 4 gaderynge of halymen 
deifide thorgh grace. 1613 R. C. 7adle Alph. (ed. Ri 
Deifie, make like God. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav.77 No 
vertue more deified a Prince then Clemencie. 18 
Detryinc]. 1874 [see Detrier}. : 

ec. To treat asa god, in word or action; to regard 
or adore as a deity. 

1590 SPENSER Teares Ca 368 Now change the tenor 
of your joyous layes, With which ye use your loves to 
deife, 1600 SuHaks, 4. ¥. LZ, ut. ii. 38x Oades.. and 


[see 


DEIGNOUS, 


Elegies. .all (forsooth) deifying the name of Rosalinde, 1622 
Bacon Hen. VII 38 He did againe so extoll and deifie 
the Pope. 1649 Br. Raynotps //osea iv. 49 Men of power 
are apt to deifie their own strength..men of wisdome, to 
deifie their owne reason. 1759 JounsoNn Rasselas xxvi, The 
old man deifies prudence. 1859 Suites Se//Helf iii. (1860) 
46 It is possible to over-estimate success to the extent of 
almost deifying it. 

Hence De‘ifying v/. sb. and pf/. a. 

1553 BRENDE Q. Curtius 223(R.) The deifying of Hercules 
1637 Nasses Havnniball & Sc. Hij (R.), A man that .. 
merited A deifying by your gratitude. 1649 Mitton Evkon. 
12 Bequeath'd among his deifying friends that stood about 
him. 1701 Cottier J. Aurel. Life 21 The Deifying of his 
Father, 1838 Emerson Addr. Cambr. Mass. Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 192 This sentiment [religious] is divine and deifying. 

Deign ((éin), v. Forms: 3-7 deine, 4-5 
deyne, dayne, 5-7 daigne, 6 digne, 6-7 dain(e, 
deigne, 7-8 daign, 6- deign. [a. OF. degn-ier 
(3 sing. dezgne), later deignier, dedgner, from14the. 
daigner, =Pr. denhar, deinar, \t. degnare:—L. dig- 
nare, by-form of dignari to deem worthy, think fit, 
f. dignus worthy.] 

1. ¢ntr. To think it worthy of oneself (/0 do some- 
thing) ; to think fit, vouchsafe, condescend. 

¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3464 Helman That deined fle for 
no man, 


Caxton Yason 114 He daigneth not to come. c1g90 
Gr = Fx. Bacon vi, Would he daine to wed a Countrie 
Lasse? 1593 Suaxs. 3 //en. I”/, 1v. vii. 39 And all those 


fiiends, that deine to follow mee. 1667 Mitton P. L. vy. 
221 Raphael, the sociable Spirit, that deign’d To travel 
with Tobias. 1701 Rowe Amd. Step-Moth. 1. i. 349 Hardly 
daigning To be controll’d by his Imperious Mother, 18 
M. ArNnoLp Geo. Sand Mixed Ess. 328 [The] very dog will 
hardly deign to bark at you. 

tb. zmpers. Obs. 
_ 1297 R. Grove. (1724) 557 Him ne deinede no3t to ligge 
in be castel by nizte. 1340 Ayes. 76 Ham ne daynede na3t 
todo zenne. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer vel. & Arc. 181 That on her 
wo ne deyneth him not to thinke.  @ 1400-50 4 /erander 
830 Ne here to dwell with pi douce deynes me na langer 

Te. ref. Obs. 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems Ixxxvi. 36 Quhilk dein3eit him for 
our trespass to de. 1563 Win3Er IVhs. (1890) II. 42 He 
dein3eit Him aluterlie to do this in deid. 

2. ¢rans. with simple ol7. a. 'To condescend to 
bestow or grant, to vouchsafe. (Now chiefly with 
reply, answer, in negative sentences.) 

1589 GREENE Menaphon (Arb.) 36 Rather.. than haue 
deigned her eyes on the face..of so lowe a peasant. 1605 
Suaks. Macé.1. ii, 60 Nor would we deigne kim buriall of 
his men. 1622 F. Markuam Bk. Warre iv. ix. § 6, I will 
not here daigne a recapitulation of the same. 1634 W.Woop 
New Eng. Prosp., Ded. Note, 1 am confident you will 
daigne it your protection. 1825 Soutnry Tale of Paraguay 
iu. xviii, A willing ear she well might deign. 1863 Mrs. C. 
Crarke Shaks. Char. iii. 71 Vhe spirit stalks away, deign- 
ing no reply. 

+b. To condescend or vouchsafe to accept; to 
take or accept graciously. (The opposite of /o 
disdain.) Obs. 

1576 FLEMING Panofpl. Epist. 50 Those .. who did not re- 
ceive and intertaine my father. .nor yet digned other Gentle- 
men of much worthinesse. 1579 SPENSER SAefh. Cal. Jan. 
63 Shee deignes not my good will, but doth reproue. 1606 
Suaks. Ant. § Cl.1. iv. 63 Thy pallat then did daine The 
roughest Berry, on the rudest Hedge. 1637-50 Row //ist. 
Kirk (1842) 255 The Lord dained him. 166r in Hickerin- 
gill Yamaica A iij, This Welcome-home ..Thou wilt accept 
from me, And deign it to attend thy smoother Line. 

+ ¢. In same sense with of. (Cf. to accept of.) 
Obs. rare. 

1589 GREENE Menaphon (Arb.) 51 Whichif you shall vouch 
to deigne of, I shall be. .glad of such accepted seruice. 

+3. To treat (a person) as worthy of, to dignify 
(him) wth. [=L. dignari.) Obs. 

1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. 1. cxxxii. 341a, [They] 
had lyen vnburied, had not their most deadly enimie dained 
them of a graue. 1591 in De Foe Hist. Ch. Scot. Add. D 
(1844) 51/2 ill ye not daigne his Majesty with an Answer? 
1648 E. BouGHEN Geree’s Case of Consc. 76 He daines them 
with this honour. : 

4. Short for dedazz, DISDAIN : see DAIN v. 

Deignfull, var, of DarNFUL, disdainful. 

+ Deignous, a. Ols. Forms: 4 deignouse, 
4-5 deynous, 5 deinous, 5-6 daynous, 6 dayn- 
nous, 5-7 deignous. [app.a shortened form of 
dedeignous, Dispatnovus, F. dédaigneux, OF. des- 
detgnous (12th c. in Hatzf.): cf. Dain v. 

(Earlier examples of dedeignous, dedainous, than of deig- 
nous are not yet known; but the history of Dispain shows 
that they may well have existed.)] 

Disdainful, proud, haughty. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 289 Deignouse pride & 
ille avisement. ¢1374 CHaucer Troylus 1. os Her chere, 
Which sumdel deynous was. c¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas v. xxiv. 
¢ 554) 138.a, Nothing..more deynous, nor more yntreatable 

han whan a begger hath dominacion. c1440 /pomydon 
1122 A proude knyght and a daynous. a 1643 W. Cart- 
wriGuT Ordinary u1.i, One Harlotha, Concubine To deign- 
ous Wilhelme, hight the Conqueror. 

Hence + Dei*gnoushede (deyn-), disdainfulness, 
haughtiness ; + Dei‘gnously (deyn-, dayn-) adv., 
disdainfully. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 129 For deynoushede & 

ride. ¢ 1440 Partonope 3434 Many one That loked vpon 

ym full deynously. a 1529 SkeLton Bouge of Court Prol. 
82 And gan on me to stare Ful daynously. | + - : 


DEIL. 


|| Dei gratia. [I.] By the grace of God: see 
GRACE, 

Deih, obs. sing. pres. of Dow v. 

Deiktic, var. of Drtcric. 

Deil (d71, dzl). [Scotch vernacular form of the 
word Devi, corresponding to the ME. monosyl- 
labic types de/, dele, dewle, dule, etc.] 

1, The Devil; es. according to the popular con- 
ception of his appearance and attributes. 

(For the Biblical Satan, the usual form is deevi/.) 

1500-20 Dunsar Turnament 54 Off all his dennar .. His 
breist held deill a bitt. 1§70 Sempill Ballates (1872) 117 
The mekle Deill. 1725 Ramsay Gent, Sheph. i. ii, Awa! 
awa! the deil’s [z. . deel’s] ower grit wi’ you. 1785 Burns 
Address to the Deil ii, I'm sure sma’ pleasure it can gie, 
Evntoadeil. 1790— 7am o’ Shanter 78 That night a child 
might understand, The Deil had business on his hand. 1816 
Scott Old Mort, xxxiii, Being atween the deil und the deep 


sea, 

2. A mischievously wicked or troublesome fellow; 
one who embodies the spirit of wickedness or mis- 
chief. 


1786 Burns 7wa Dogs 222 They're a’ run deils or jads | 


thegither. 31802 Scort Bonnie Dundee ii, The Guid Toun 
is well quit of that deil of Dundee. Mod. Sc. He’s an awfu’ 
laddie, a perfit deil. 
3. For dez/ a dit, and other phrases, see DEVIL. 
Deill, Deim, obs. forms of DEAL, DEEM. 
Dein, obs. form of DEIGn. 
Dein, deen, Sc. dial. forms of Done. 


152 


a dynos San ge ee fas ese 
t art. '. '. ~ 1 Let 
me.. luxuriate in the.. it of dei 


it of deipno- 
sophism. 1836 Fraser’s Mag. XLII. phy end .appended 
to that istic dissertation. 

Deir, obs. form of Dear, DEER, DERE. 

Deirie, obs. form of Darry. 

Deis(e, deische, deiss, obs. forms of Dats. 

Deishal, -eal, deisul, var. of DEasiL. 

Deism (d7iz’m). [mod. f. L. de-us god + -18M. 
Cf. F. déisme (in Pascal a 1660).] The distinctive 
doctrine or belief of a deist ; usually, belief in the 
existence of a Supreme Being as the source of finite 
existence,with rejection of revelation and the super- 
natural doctrines of Christianity; ‘natural religion’. 

1682 DrvpEN sip is Laici Pref. (Globe) 186 That Deism, 
or the principles of natural worship, are only the faint 
remnants or dying flames of revealed religion in the 
terity of Noah. 1692 BentLey Boyle Lect. ix. 306 Modern 
Deism being the very same with old Philosophical Pagan- 
ism. 1759 Di.wortH Pofe 63 There breathes in this inscrip- 
tion [ens entium miserere met] the genuine spirit of deism. 
1774 Fietrcuer Doctr. Grace Wks. 1795 1V. 203 Deism is 
the error of those who. .think that man. .needs no Redeemer 
atall. 1861 Beresr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th c. 260 That 
decorous and philanthropic deism which is a growing peril 
of the age. 1877 E. R. Conver Bas. Faith i. 25 Deism 
should i basen. 4 have the same sense with 7heism, 
but it is —— taken to carry with it the denial of what 
is called revealed religion. Theism conveys no such im- 


| plication. 


+ De-incli-ne, v. Oés. [f.Dx- L.2+INcune v.) | 


(See quot.) Hence Deincli*ned, Deincli*ning, 
ppl. adjs.; Deincli-ner. 

1727-51 CuamBers Cyc/. s. v. Dial, Secondary Dials, are 
all those drawn on the planes of other circles beside the 
horizon, prime vertical, equinoctial, and polar circles: or 
those, which either decline, incline, recline, or deincline. . 
Deinclined Dials, are such as both decline and incline, or re- 
cline. /did., Deincliners or Deinclining Dials. .Suppose. . 
a plane to cut the prime vertical circle at an angle of 30 
degrees, and the horizontal plane under an angle of 24 de- 
grees..a dial, drawn on this plane, is called a deincliner. 

De-individualize, de-industrialize, etc.: 
see De- II. 1. 

Deine, obs. form of DENE, sand-hill. 

Deing, obs. form of Dy1nc, DYEING. 

+ Deingra:te, v. Obs. rare. [f. De- 1.3 + 
L. ingratus disagreeable: see INGRATE.] frans. To 
render unpopular, bring into disfavour. 

1624 Brief Inform. Affairs Palatinate 34 To deingrate the 
Prince Palatine, and to make him more odious. _. 


Deinosaur, Deinothere, etc.: see D1No-. 

Deinseyn, obs. form of DENIZEN. 

De-insularize, -integrate, etc. : see Dr-II.1. 

Deinte, -ee, -ie, -y, obs. forms of DaInty. 

Deintrelle, var. of DainTREL Ods., a dainty. 

Deip(e, obs. Sc. form of DEEP. 

|| Deipara (d7,i:para). [late L. (Cod. Just. ii; 
6) =mother of God, f. de-us God + -parus, -a, bear- 
ing, farére to bear; a L. repr. of Gr. Oeordxos.] A 
title of the Virgin Mary, ‘ Mother of God’. 

1 H. More Myst. [nig., Synopsis Proph. 521 He.. 


would not allow the most holy Virgin, the Mother of Christ | 


as to the flesh. .to be called Deipara or the Mother of God. 
1860 Sopnoc.es Gloss. Later Greek 334/1 @cordxvov. .a mo- 
dulus addressed or relating to the a arr 

Deiparous (4/\i‘paras), a. [f. 
—* or bringing forth a god. 

1 . More Myst. Inig., Synopsis Proph, 520 Nor con- 
fess that the holy. . Mary is properly and according to truth 
Deiparous, that is to say, the mother of God, 1827 Sir 


as prec.+-0US.] | 


+2. The condition of being a ‘od or as God. Oés. 

1726 De For Hist. Devil viii, He (the Devil] set her 
(Eve’s] head a madding after deism, and to be made 
a goddess. 

Deist (dist). [a. F. déiste, f. L. de-us god: 
see -I8T.] One who acknowledges the existence 
of a God upon the testimony of reason, but rejects 
revealed religion. 

(The term was originally opposed to atheist, and was inter- 
changeable with /eést even in the end of the 17th c. (Locke, 
Second Vindication, 1695, W. Nichols Conference with 
a Theist, 1696); but the negative aspect of deism, as opposed 
to Christianity, became the accepted one, and desst and theist 
were differentiated as in quots. 1878-80.) 

(1563 Viret /ustruct. Chr.11. Ep. Ded., J'ai entendu qu'il 
y en a de ceste bande, qui s’appellent istes, d’un mot 
tout nouveau, — ils veulent oposer a Atheiste.) 16ar 
Burton Anat. Mel. i. iv. u. i, Cosen-germans to these 
men are many of our great Philosophers and Deists. 1670 R. 
Tray Servi, vi. Sel. Writ.(1845) 107 We have a generation 
among us..called Deists, which is nothing else but a new 
court word for Atheist. 1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. 6 Some 
infidels. .to avoid the odious name of atheists, would shelter 
and screen themselves under a new one of deists, which is 
not quite so obnoxious. 1712-37 Suarressury Charac. II. 
209 Averse as I am to the cause of theism, or name of deist, 
when taken in a sense exclusive of revelation. 1748 HarTLry 
Observ. Manu. iii. 347 Unless he be a sincere Deist at least, 
i.e. unless he believe in the Existence and Attributes of 
God. 1788 Westey Iks. (1872) VII. 196 A Deist—I mean 
one who believes there is a God distinct from matter; but 
does not believe the Bible. 1878 D. Patrick in Encyc?. 
Brit. VU. 33 The later distinction between theist and deist, 
which stamped the latter word as excluding the belief in 

rovidence or the immanence of God, was apparently formu- 
ated in the end of the 18th century by those rationalists who 
were aggrieved at being identified with the naturalists. 1880 
Sat. Rev. 26 June 820 In speaking of a deist they fix their 
attention on the negative, in speaking of a theist on the 


positive aspect of his belief. 

Deistic (diji'stik), a. [f. Deist+-1c.] Of the 
nature of or pertaining to deists or deism. 

1795 G. Waxertetp Reply Paine's Age of Reason i. 57 
From the mouth of ‘Thomas Paine, the most tremendous of 


| rake, Setegh 


| opinion of loue, in honouring him for a Deitie. 


| all possible deistic dunces ! 1880 L. Steruen Pope vii. 163 | 


H. Taytor /saac Comnenus 1. iv, Deiparous Virgin! Holy 


Mary mother ! 


Deipno- (dei:pno-), repr. Gr. demvo-, combining 


form of defrvoy dinner, used in nonce-words and 
combinations, as deipno-diplomatic of or per- 
taining to dining and diplomacy, deipnophobia 
dread of dinner-parties. 

1827 Brit, Critic 1. 475 An interchange of deipno-diplo- 
matic correspondence, 1891 Daily News 23 June 4/8 People 
who heartily sym) thise with the ‘deipnophobia’ of Gordon. 

Deipnoso (daipng’sdfist), [ad. Gr. 


demvocoquot-ns ‘one learned in the mysteries of | 


the kitchen’, f, 5efrvov the chief meal, dinner + 
gogiorns a master of his craft, clever or wise man, 
Soruist, The pl. demvocogiorai was the title of 
a celebrated work of the Greek Athenzeus, written 
after A.D, 228.] 

A master of the art of dining: taken from the 
title of the Greek work of Athenzeus, in which a 
number of learned men are represented as dining 
together and discussing subjects which range from 
the dishes before them to literary criticism and mis- 
cellaneous topics of every description. 

F 1656 Biount Glossogr., Dei, ists, Athenzus his t 


books carry that title. x Burney Hist. Mus. 
I, 229 (Jod.) Je render credible the following assertion of a 
in 


iP P 1845 Forp Handbk, Spain 1. 
1. 70 Spanish Cookery, a .. subject 


which is well = 9 the 


inquiry of 7 ip 1866 Lowe. 
Swinburne’s Trag. Wks. 1890 II. 135 With about as 
much nature in it as a dialogue of the Deipnosophi 
_Hence Deipnosophi'stic a., Deipno* 


1661 Lovett. Hist, Anim. & Min, 23 Diverse other things 


Brought up as a Catholic, he had gradually swung into 
vague deistic belief. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 
I. 728 The deistic controversy .. beginning with Lord Her- 
bert of Cherbury (1581-1648). 

Deistical (d/ji'stikal), a, [f. as —~ +-AL.] 
=prec. ; also, inclined or tending to deism. 

1741 Watts /mprov. Mind 1, v. § 3 To support the deisti- 
cal or antichristian scheme of our days. 1796 Morse Amer, 
Geog. IL. 314 The i ious and eloq' , but deistical J. J. 
Rousseau. 1809-10 COLERIDGE Friend (1865) 54 Concerning 
the right of punishing by law the authors of heretical or 
deistical writings. 1871 Tynpaut. Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. ix. 
168 My object was to show my deistical friends, .that they 
were in no better condition than we were. — 

Hence Dei'stically adv., in a deistical way. 

1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 11. 1608 Nature .. 
may be conceived of deistically, as an accomplished fact .. 
utterly external to God. 

Deit, Sc. f. died, pa. t. of Dir v. 

De-italianize ; see De- II. 1. 


+ Devitate, 7//.a. Obs. [repr. an assumed L. 
*deitat-us (tr. Gr. OeaOeis), f. deitas, deitat-em 
Derty.] Made a deity, deified. 

gsr Cranmer Answ, Bf. Gardiner u. Rem, (1833) III. 
450 One person and one Christ, who is God incarnate and 
man Deitate, as Gregory Nazianzene saith. 


Deith, obs. Sc. form of Deatu. 

Deity (d7iti). Also 4-6 deite, deyte, 4 deitee, 
6-7 deitie, (5 deyite, -yte, dietie, 5-7 diety, 7 
dyety). [a. F. dézté, in 1ath c. deitet, deite (=Pr. 
deitat, Sp. deidad, It. deita), ad. L. deitas, deitat- 
em, {. de-us god (formed by Augustine, De Civ. 
Det vu. i., L, divinitas) : see -ITY. 

1, The estatesor rank of a god; ood ; the 


c13974 Cuaucer Troylus 11. 968 But o 


DEJECT. 
personality of a god; godship; es. with Joss. 


honour to pi deite. Frankl. though Nep- 
to € 1386 — . L319 ‘ep: 
tunus haue deitee in the See. e seen Caneare, ife St. 
Kath, w. Whi shulde appollo ony tages 
MarLowe asue Dido u1. ii, That ugly imp ns 

my deity with high dis . 1594 Suaks. Rich. 111, 
1. i. 76 Lord ings..Hum Ty complaining 10 her Deltie, 
Got my Lord laine his libertie, 1611 — Wint, 7. 
Iv. iv. 26 Goddes themselues (Humbling their Deities 


‘enus? Drayton Man in Moon (R.), Yet no 
her deity could smother, So far in beauty she ex- 
celled other. Mrs. Browninc Dead Pan xxviii, All 
the false with a cry Rendered up their deity, 

b. The divine quality, character, or nature of 
God; Godhood, divinity; the divine nature and 
attributes, the Godhead. ea 

1362 Lanct. P. Pi. A. x1. 43 i drauelen on 
Pe pe Deite to knowe. cx | sg gen 825 Freres wyln 
for her pride Disputen of deyte as julden. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.1. & 5) 3 The lyghte of the 
heuenly dyuyne clarete, couerte, id in the or in 
the post Ho ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn liv. 213 Whose 
eternall dietie raigneth within the highest heauens. 1g02 
Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) l. 2 The fader the 
sone & the hol: Loa one essence of deite. 1514 Barclay 
Cyt. & Talons m. (Percy Soc.) 17 To honour our Lorde, 
& pease his deyte. mag =. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 
Seneca, The creator .. hath set such markes of his diety in 
his workes. Bre. Hatt Hard Texts, N. T. 57 In my 
.. infinite Deity I will be ever present with you. 
Mitton P. L. x. 65. 1736 Cuanpier Hist. Persec. 47 The 
same man opposed the Deity of the Son of God. Gentil. 

/x Mr, Gurney’s work .. is chiefly c ned to 
the Deity hrist. There is something open and decided 
in saying Deity, rather than Divinity. : aa 

+c. The condition or state in which the Divine 
Being exists. Ods. 

1400 Rom. Rose 5656 And leven alle humanite, And purely 
lyve in deite. ¢ Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 1075, I ded natt 
asend to my father In deyyte. | 3 

2. concr. A divinity, a divine being, a god; one 
of the gods worshipped by a peta or tribe. 

1374 CHaucer Troylus tv. 1515, I swere it yow, and ek on 
ech goddesse, On every nymphe, and —— infernal. 1589 
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 42 That I he de a pm meg 

HAKS. 
Cor. Ww. vi. 91 A thing Made by some other Deity then 
Nature, That shapes man Better. 1641 Witxins Math. 
Magick 1. xi. (1648) 69 ‘Temples or Tombes .. dedicated to 
some of their Deities. 1794 Suttivan View Nagy tome 
The chief deity, the sun. 1814 Cary Dante, P. iso 
vul. 3 The fair AS (ese yeaa A enus}. 185: D. Witson 
Preh, Ann, (2865) . 11. ii. 71 The Altar appears to be dedi- 
cated to one of these obscure local deities. 

b. fig. An object of worship; a thing or person 
deified. 

1588 Suaks. ZL. L. L. wW. iii. 74 This is the liuer veis 
makes flesh a deity. eT: Taytor (Water P.) 
"4! 1 Tobacco (England's nefull Diety). 

. (with capital) A supreme being as creator of 
the universe ; ‘he Deity, the Supreme Being, God. 
Lo expe as a term of Natural Theology, and 
without explicit predication of personality. ) 

1647 N. Bacon Disc. Laws Eng. 1. wv. (1739) 10 They wor- 
ship an invisible and an infinite Deity. a Locke Hum. 
Und. 1. iv. (1695) 30 A rational Creature, who will but 


even, to 


which 
‘hs. Ue 


seriously reflect on miss the y of a 
Deity. 1774 GoLpsM. Nat. Hist. (1776) 1. 6 We see the 
greatness and wisdom of the Deity in all the seeming worlds 


that surround us. 1786 Han. More Let, in Mem. Ld. 
Gambier (1861) 1. x. 157 Polite ears are foc gery to hear 
their Maker called ‘the Lord’ in ¢ talk, while 
ones think the fashionable appellation of ‘the Deity ’ sounds 
extremely Pagan, 1812-6 J.Smrru Panorama Sc. § Arti. 
27 Newton .. recourse, for one of forces, to the 
immediate action of the Deity. 1860 Pusey J/in. . 
193 Men spoke of * the Deity’, as a sort of first cause of all 
things, and .. had lost sight of the Personal God. 


Devityship. [f. prec. (sense 2) +-SHIP.] The 
status or porenailis of a deity; godship ( = Derry 
1). 

Ec! Plautus 46 Why _shou'dn| deityship gi’ 
Cota sek hosaweon Ciertos Wie. 
1883 VI. 503 With due re; to your deityship, 1834 
Lytron Pompeii wv. xii, If his deityship were never better 
served, he would do well to give up the godly profession, 


Deive, obs. form of Dravs, to deafen. 

+ Deivirile, 2. Os. rare. [ad, med.L. deivi- 
ril-is (f. de-us god + virilis manly), transl. Gr. 
Gcaydpuxds (f, O€-ds _ + dvdpuxds of a man, manly).] 
‘A term in the school theology signifying some- 
thing divine and human at the same time’ (Cham- 
bers, Cyc/.). 


¥ Cuamuers Cycl. s.v. Theandric,Qcavipueh tvepyeca, 
esedric or dei virile operations, in the sense of Dionysius 
(Bp. of Athens) and D is thus lified by 


Athanasius .. In raisin he called as man, but 
peer pep ey ep | 


Dejansenize: see Dr- II. 1. 
ect, p/. a. Obs. or arch. Also 6 -gecte. 
[ad. L. déject-us, pa. pple. of déjicére (déictre) to 
throw down, f. Dr- sy +jacére to throw. (In OF. 
des-, degiet, -get, -git. 
i. : 4 thro 


As pa, pple. wn down, cast down ; + cast 
away, rejected ; see Drsect v, 
yoo. Chron, n, xvii, Thorowen and deiect in 


a oat hoary. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 37/1 Lucifer 


DEJECT. 


whiche was dejecte and caste out of heven, 1560 RoLtanp 
Crt. Venus mm. 510 He .. was deiect with schame fra all 
honour. 1819 H. Busx Vestriad v. 513 Here on Patroclus’ 
corse deject he lies. Rt = . 

2. As ppl. a. Downcast, dispirited, DEsEcTED. 

1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 43 They were so abasshed and 
deiecte That once to hisse they were nott able. 1555 J. Puit- 
pot in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 228 Dearling. . Be not of 
a deiect mind for these temptgtions. 1602 Suaks. Yam. 11, 
i. 163 And I, of Ladies most deiect and wretched. 1639 G. 
Daniet Ecclus. xi. 59 Be not deiect in Miserie, 1863 W. 
Lancaster Preterita 87 Deject and ‘doubtful thus I forge 
quaint fears. a“ ; 

b. Cast down from one’s position, lowered in 
fortunes ; lowered in character, abject, abased. 

1510-20 Everyman in Hazl. Dodsley 1. ror Like traitors 
deject. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 
234 Is’t possible that Stukly, so deject In England, lives in 
Spain in such respect. a1625 Fretcuer Love's Cure u. i, 

at can be a more deject spirit in man, than to lay his 
hands under every one’s horse’s feet? 1820 T’, L. Peacock 
Wks. (1875) III. 324 The beggar being, for the most part, 
a king deject. 

+e. Astrol. (See quot.) Obs. 

1594 Biunpevit vere. iv. xxxvi. (ed. 7) 494 Such houses 
as have no familiarity with the Horoscope or Ascendent.. 
are said to be slow and deject. ; 

Deject (dédgekt), v. (In Sc., 6 deiekk, 6- 
dejeck.) [f. L. dgect-, ppl. stem of daiccre to 
throw or cast down: see prec.] 

1. trans. To throw or cast down; to cause to 
fall down, overthrow. arch. or Obs. 

¢ 1420 Pallad, on Husb. 11, 423 Take of the laures bayes.. 
in sething water hem dejecte. 1536 BELLENDEN Crox. Scot. 
(1821) I. 110 Scho hes dejeckit me at thy feit. 1550 Nicotts 
Thucyd. 125 Their people. .whiche were deiected and dryuen 
downe from the sayd rocke. 1627 Sprep England xli. $7 
This Citie .. by the furious outrages of the Scots and Picts 
was deiected. a ho Mepe Paraphr. 2 Pet.iii. Wks. (1672) 
III. 615 To be exiled and dejected from those high mansions, 
1881 [see Dejecrep 1]. 

b. To bend down. 

1601 HoLvann Pliny xvi. xxii. I. 531 What part soeuer of 
it [the vine] is dejected and driuen downward, or els bound 
and tied fast, the same ordinarily beareth fruit. 1605 Hry- 
woop [f/f you know not me Wks. 1874 I. 206 It becomes not 
You being a Princess, to deiect your knee, 1625 JZode/Z 
of Wit 62b, Deiecting her head into her bosome. 1809 [sec 

EJECTED r b]. 

ce. To cast down (the eyes). 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xii. (T.), One, having climb’d some 
roof ., From thence upon the earth dejects his humble eye. 
1727-46 THomson Summer 1066 Princely wisdom then D - 
jects his watchful eye. 1768 Woman of Honor I11. 264 
Fixing his eyes on Clara, who modestly dejected her's. 

+2. To cast away, dismiss, reject. Ods. 

1530 Parser. 510/1, I dejecte, I caste a waye, ze dejecte. 
1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 17 Gyf sic vordis suld be disusit or 
deiekkit. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. mt. (1599) 118 These 
perswasions .. he vtterly deiected. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard 
Texts 544 Whether your humiliation may not yet .. cause 
him to deject and take off his judgements ? 

+3. fig. To cast down from high estate or dignity, 
depose’; to lower in condition or character, to 
abase, humble. Odés. 

1515 Barcray Egloges iv. (1570) C v/2 The coyne auaun. 
ceth, neede doth the name deject. 1549 CoverDALE Erasmz, 
Par. 1 Pet. 11. 14 His delyght is in..suche as deiecte them 
selues. 160r F. Gonwin fs. of Eng. 503 Being loath to 
deiect them whom he had once aduanced. 1660 Bonn Scut. 
Reg. 165 Where the Hn ad makes an Inferior officer, he 
may deject him at his pleasure. 1691 E. Taytor Behmen's 
Theos, Philos. 185 Faln Mans dejecting himself may be 
called Humiliation, 

+4. To reduce the force or strength of, to weaken, 
lessen. Obs. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia iii, Though in strength exceedingly 
Pre ured 1599 SANDYS Europe Spec. ew ws One disad- 
vantage .. impeacheth and dejecteth all other their forces. 
1620 VENNER Via Recta ii. 22 It doth very greatly deiect 
their appetite. 1684 tr. Bonez’s Merc. Compit. 1. 15 The 
Appetite .. is often dejected in Consumptive Persons. 

5. To depress in spirits; to cast down, dispirit, 
dishearten. (The ordinary current sense.) 

1581 [see Dejecrep 3]. 1603 Florio Montaigne (1634) 49% 
Good Authours deject me_too-too much, and quaile my 
courage. 1625 Meape in Ellis Orig. Let?. Ser. 1. III. 204 
The king was much dejected by a Lettre received from 
Denmark, 176 Sterne 77, Shandy m. xx, To deject and 
contrist myself with so bad and melancholy an account. 
1775 JOHNSON Tax, no Tyr. 8 Nothing dejects a trader like 

interruption of his profits, 1862 Lyrron S/r. Story I. 68 
The things which do not disturb her temper, may, perhaps, 
deject her spirits. 

+b. zur. (for ref.) To be dejected. Obs. rare. 
r644 Quartes Barnabas § B. 226 Deject not, O my soul, 
nor let thy thoughts despair. 

6. intr. To bend downwards. 2once-use, 

1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 323 It stands, or rather dejects, 
over..a pair of wooden gates, 

Hence Deje‘cting A//. a. 

1818 Mrs. ILirr Poems (ed. 2) 20 The mien assuming of 
dejecting care. 

| Dejecta (dédzerkta), sd. pl. [L., neut. pl. 
of déject-us: see DEsECY.] Castings, excrements, 

1887 Garnsey & Batrour tr. De Bary’s Fungi vii. 3 7 
Fungi which grow on the dejecta of warm-blooded ani 
dung, feathers, etc. « 


Dejectant (di,dzektant), a. Her. [f, Deszcr 
+-anTl.] Cast down, bending down, 
1889 [see Deyrcrep 1 d]. = 
Vou. III. 


158 


De ected (didzektéd), Ap/. a. [f. Desxcr v,] 
1. Zt. Thrown or cast down, overthrown. arch. 

1682 WHELER Yourn. Greece v1. 427 Buried in the Rubbish 
of its dejected Roof and Walls. ° 1881 H. James Portr. Lady 
xxvi, Looking at her dejected pillar. 

b. Allowed to hang down. 

1809 Heser Passage of Red Sea 12 The mute swain.. 
With arms enfolded, and dejected head. 

ec. Of the eyes : Downcast. 

1600 [see 3b]. 1663 CowLry Pindar. Odes, Brutus ii, If 
with dejected Eye ts standing Pools we seek the Sky. 
1715-20 Pore /éad 1x. 626 With humble mien and with 
dejected eyes Constant they follow where Injustice flies. 

d. Her. Cast down, bent downwards; as de- 
jected enbowed, embowed with the head down- 
wards. 

1889 Ervin Dict. Her., Dejected, cast down, as a garb 
dejected or dejectant. . 

+2. Lowered in estate, condition, or character ; 
abased, humbled, lowly. Oés. 

1605 SHaxs. Lear iv. i. 3 The lowest and most deiected 
thing of Fortune. 164r Mitton Reform. u. (1851) 71 The 
basest, the | wermost, the most dejected... downe-trodden 
Vassals of Perdition. a@x680 Burter Rem. (1759) Il. 14 
Able to reach from the highest Arrogance to the meanest, 
and most dejected Submissions, 1721 [see DryecrepNEss]. 

3. Depressed in spirits, downcast, disheartened, 
low-spirited. 

58x Margeck Bk. of Notes 115 So that he was deiected 
and compelled to weepe for very many, which had fallen. 
1608-11 Br. Hay edit. & Vows 1. § 39, I marvell not that 
awicked man is. .so dejected, when hee feeles sicknes. 1667 
Perrys Diary (1879) IV. 369 Never were people so dejected 
as they are in the City. 1793 Cowrer Lett. 8 Sept., Iam 
cheerful on paper sometimes, when I am absolutely the most 
dejected of all creatures. 1835 Lytton Aéenzi x. viii, Thus 
are we fools of Fortune ;—to-day glad—-to-morrow dejected ! 

b. ¢ransf. (Of the visage, behaviour, etc.) 

(Often combining rc and 3.) 

1600 Disc. Gowrie Conspir., With a very dejected counte- 
naunce, his eies ever fixed upon the earth. 1602 SHAKs. 
Ham. 1. ii, 81 The deiected hauiour of the Visage. 1710 
STEELE Tatler No. 85 P2 The Goddess .. is to sit in a de- 
jected Posture. Ropertson Chas. V, III. xt. 273 In 
a timid dejected silence. 1822 Scotr Pirate xl, I could not 
but move with & drooping head, and ‘dejected pace. 

Dejectedly (didzektédli), adv. [-1ty?.] In 
a dejected manner. 

16x Cotcr., Bassement, basely, lowly, deiectedly. 1675 
Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 189 As he stood bound 
before the palace, leaning dejectedly upon a tree. 1805, 
Scorr Last Minstr. 1. Concl., Dejectedly and low he 
bowed, 188r Miss Brappon Asfh. II. 256 Those early 
comers who roam about empty halls dejectedly. 

Dejectedness (didzektédnés).  [-NEss.] 

+1. The state of being cast down or humbled (in 
fortunes, condition, etc.); abasement. Ods. 

1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues § V.1.27 No Man sets so 
low a value of his worth as himselfe, not out of ignorance.. 
but of a voluntary and meeke deiectednesse. 1646 JENKYN 
Remora 15 Lownes and dejectednes of estate. 1721 R. 
Keita tr. 7. Kempis's Solil. Soul iv. 139 Behold, O Lord, 
the Dejectedness of my State. 

2. The state of being downcast or depressed in 
spirits. 

1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 88 An heart full of dejected. 
ness and dismay. ¢1740 Mrs. Detany A nfodiog. (1861) I. 
13 The dejectedness of my mother's spirits. 1884 Manch, 
Exam. 29 Nov. 5/3 The same spirit of..dejectedness which 
marks the long-suffering Cockney. 

Dejecter (dijdzekto1). [f. DEvect v, + -ER. 
Cf. Drsecror.] One who dejects. 

1611 CotcR., Abbaisseur, an abaser, debaser, deiecter. 

ees yt chomp (déjdzerktil). [f. L. type *deectil-zs, 
f, ppl. stem of L, déjécére to DEsxcr 3 cf. projectile, 
and L, miss-ilis, plect-ilis; see -1Lx.] A body 
thrown or impelled down upon an enemy. 

1886 Mrs. Ranpotrn Mostly Fools II. x. 297 Harassing 
the foe by casting dejectiles into their works. 
Dejection (didze-kfon). Also 5 deieccion. 
[a. OF. deyection (14th c. in Godef.), ad. L. déjec- 
Zion-em, n. of action from déeyicére (détcére) to cast 
down: see Desxct Af/. a.] 

1. Zt. The action of casting down; the fact of 
being cast down. . 

168r Hattywett Melamfpr. 13 (T.) Their [the angels’] 
dejection and detrusion into the caliginous regions. 1851 
Ruskin Stones Ven. I, xiy. § 10 A hole between each bracket 
for the convenient dejection of hot sand and lead. 

+b. The throwing down or precipitation of a 
sediment. Ods. 

1594 Prat Yewell-ho. 1. 40 A means how to make deiection 
of the Lee or faeces of y* best sallet oyle. 
+2. fig. A casting down, deposing or lowering 
(in fortunes, condition, quality, etc.) ; humiliation, 
abasement. Oés. 

cx4so tr. De Imitatione 11. xxii, Se perfore, lorde, my 
deieccion and my frailte. 1545 Jove £2. Dan. iv. (R.), 
This deiection and humiliacion might not the kynge knowe. 
160r B. Jonson Poetaster Prol., Such full-blown vanity he 
more doth loth Than base dejection. 164: Prynne 4 ah 
35 The Pope writ Letters to all Nobles..to assist Philip fo: 
the dejection of Iohn. | 1659 Pearson Creed i. (2848) 


rr 
8 
- Adoration implies submission and dejection ; so that, while 


we worship, we cast down ourselves. 
+b. Astrol. (See quot. 1727.) Obs. 
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. xxxiv, But in the Bull is thy 
kingdom lorne, For therein is thy deiection. r 
Cc Cycl., Dejection, in astrology, is applied to the 
planets, when in their detriment, 7, ¢. when they have lost 


DEJEUNE. 


their force, or influence. .by reason of their being in opposi- 
tion to some others. .Or, it is used when a planet is in a sign 
opposite to that wherein it has its greatest effect, or influ- 
ence, which is called its exaltation, Thus, the sign Aries 
being the exaltation of the sun. .Liéra is its dejection. 

8. Depression of spirits ; downcast or dejected 
condition. 

¢ 1450 tr. De Jmzttatione 11. xi, If ihesu hide him ande a litel 
forsake hem, pei falle into a compleynyng or into ouer gret 
deieccion. a 1631 Donne in Sedect, (1840) 120 To sink into 
a sordid melancholy, or irreligious dejection of spirit. 1667 
Mitton P, ZL. x1. 301 What besides Of sorrow and dejection 
and despair Our frailtie can sustain. 1791 BosweLt Yohu- 
son an. 1755 (1831) I. 283 That miserable dejection of spirits 
to which he was constitutionally subject. 1865 PARKMAN 
Huguenots vi. (1875) 72 A deep dejection fell upon them, 

4. Lowering of force or strength ; diminution 
or weakening (of the bodily strength or appetite). 

1652 Frencu Vorksh, Spa viii. 78 A manifest dejection of 
the appetite. 1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. cvi. 15 Annot. 537 
A suddain and almost incredible dejection of strength. 1732 
Arsutunot Rides of Diet 294 Dejection of Appetite. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Dejection.. applied also to depression, 
exhaustion, or prostration. ; 

5. Med. Evacuation of the bowels, fcecal dis- 
charge. 

1605 Timmer QOversit, 1. xvi. 82 Purgations which work. . by 
deiections, by vomit, by sweates, and by urines, 1691 Ray 
Creation (J.', Where there is good use for it [the choler]..to 
provoke dejection. 1805 Med. Frnl. XIV. 430 She.. had 
frequent vomitings and dejections, 

6. concr. That which is dejected: a. Fecal dis- 
charge, excrement. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v., Deyection is also, and that 
more ordinarily, applied to the excrements themselves, thus 
evacuated. 1849 Yrnl. KR. Agric. Soc. X. u. 522 Fecal 
dejections, 1861 Hutme tr. Moguin-Tandon 1. vu. 

Dr. Hassall also found the Vibrios in the dejections of 
cholera. 

b. Geol. Matter thrown out from a volcano. 

1839 Murcuison Silur. Syst. 1, xxiii. 291 A greenish grey 
sandstone, evidently formed of volcanic submarine dejec- 
tions. 1849 — Siluria iv.77 By the action of submarine 
volcanoes, such igneous dejections are supposed to have 
accumulated. | 

+ Deje'ctive, ¢. Ods. 
(see DEJECT PPI. a.) + -1VE.] 

1. Characterized by, or betokening, dejection, 
submission, or abasement. 

159 Horsey Trav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 160 They yeld [the 
city] with a dejective flag of truce. 1611 Speen //ist. Gt, Brit. 
1x. iv. §18 Humbling himselfe in a more dejectiue manner, 
then either his birth, or owne nature could well brooke. 

2. Med. Causing evacuation, purgative. 

1605 TimME Oversit.1. vi. 23 It will be made both deiective 
and vomitive. 1657 ‘Tomtinson Renon’s Disp. 45 ‘Two purg- 
ing medicaments, one a vomiting or ejective, the other 
dejective. 

+ Dejectly, adv. Ods. [f. Desect Apl. a. + 
-LY2.] Ina ‘deject’ manner, dejectedly. 

161r Cotcr., Penensement, deiectly, heartlesly. 1653 
Cloria § Narcissus 1. 50 It doth not become a Prince of 
your birth. .to entertaine dejectly these passages. 1767 H. 
Brooke Fool of Qual. (1859) II. 237 (D.), I rose dejectly, 
curtsied, and withdrew without reply. 

+ Deje‘ctment. Ods. [a. obs. F. dejectement 
‘a deiecting, bringing low, also contumelious re- 
pulse’ (Cotgr.), in earlier F, degiere-, deget(t)ement, 
dejet(t)ement, £. degieter, déjeter, f. DE- 1, 1 + jeter 
:-L. jactare freq. of jacére to throw. Cf. med. or 
mod.L. déjectamentum.] A bringing low, abase- 
ment, dejection. 

1656 S. Hot.anp Zara (1719) 53 To Soto’s extream deject- 
ment..the Inchantress .. demanded of him [etc.]. 1660 H. 
More Myst. Godl. vi. vi. 229 He... who in his dejectment 
could raise to life not only a faithless but senseless corps. 

Dejector (didze‘kto1), Med. rave. [agent-n. 
in L. form from L, déjicere to DEsECT.] A dejectory 
agent or medicine; an aperient. 

1831 TRELAWNY Adv. Younger Son 1, 239 An emetocath- 
articus, an enema, or simple dejectors, 

Dejectory (didze'ktari), @. [f. as prec. : see 
-ory.] Capable of promoting evacuation of the 
bowels ; aperient. 

1640 E, Cuitmeap Ferrand’s Love Mel. 346 (T.) Easily 
wrought upon and evacuated by the dejectory medicines. 

Dejecture (d/dge'ktitiz). [f. L. type *aezec- 
tira (cf. jactiira a throwing away), f. déjicére to 
throw down: see -URE.] Matter discharged from 
the bowels ; excrement. 

1731 ArsutunoT A diments vi. (R.), Excess of animal secre- 
tions, as of perspiration, sweat, liquid dejectures, &c. 

+ De‘jerate, v. Ods. [f. L. dzerare to take an 
oath, f. DE- I. 3 + jaérare to swear.] utr. and 
trans. To swear solemnly. Hence + De‘jerated 
ppl. a. So + Dejera'tion, + Dejerator. 

1607 J. Kine Serm, Nov. 32 Their vowed and deierated 
secresie. a@164x Br. MountaGu Acts § Mon. (1642) 302 
Antipater..dejerated deeply, and called God to witnesse of 
hisinnocency, 1612-15 Bp. Hatt Contempi., O. T. xxi. viii, 
Doubtlesse with many vowes and teares, and dejerations, he 
labours to clear his intentions, 1 Biount Glossogr., 
Deieration, a solemn swearing. 1623 KERAM, Deierator, 
a great swearer. 

Dejeune, dejune. Oés. or arch. [For earlier 
desjeune, DISJUNE, a. OF. desjeun (Froissart), mod. 
F. dial. déjun, f. desjeuner, mod.F. déjeuner to break 
fast, to breakfast, f. des-, dé- (De- I. 6) + F tial 

. 20 : 


[f. L. deect- ppl. stem 


DEJEUNER. 
L, jejiin-us fasting. Su ed in mod.F, (hence 
also in Eng.) by déjeuné, déjeuner.] =next. 

[1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 35 He had ended his des- 
june.) 1630 B. Jonson New /nn mn. i, Take a dejeune of 
muskadel and eggs. 1788 Disinterested Love 1. 39 He 
arrived yesterday about twelve, and, shameful to relate, the 
dejeune was not removed. 1810 Sforting Mag. XXXV. 
201 To treat them with an elegant dejune. 1837 Dickens 
Pickw. xviii, For two days after the dejeune at Mrs. Hunter's, 
the Pickwickians remained at Eatanswill. 

|| Déjeuner, + déjeuné (dezine). [mod.F. 
déjeuner, formerly often déjeund (cf. CoUCHEE), 

res. inf. =to breakfast, used subst. = breaking fast, 
Srenicheat,] The morning meal ; breakfast. 

In France, it often corresponds in time more to the English 
luncheon, for which déjeuner is consequently used as a 

onym. Déjeuner a la fourchette (lit. breakfast with the 
fork], a late déjeuner of a substantial character, with meat, 
wine, etc.; a luncheon. i 

1787 Mary tr. Riesbech's Trav. Germ. xxxi. II. 47 Every 
body now gives dinés, soupes, and dejunés. 1818 Moore 
Fudge Fam. Paris i. 8 This exceeding long letter You owe 
to a déjeuner a la fourchette. 1826 J. R. Best Four Years 
in France 289 We took our déjuné at which we had deli- 
cious grapes and execrable wine. 1849 THACKERAY Pen- 
dennis vii, At her déjeuner-di ¢ after the Bohemian Ball. 
1864 Daily Tel. 31 May, At the tables on which that descrip- 
tion of banquet usually called a déjetiner is spread. 

Dejudicate, variant of DiJuDICATE. 

1623 CocKERAM II, To Censure. . Determine, Deiudicate. 

Dejunkerize: see Dr- II. 1. 

De jure: see De- I. 5. 

+ Dejury. Ods..rare—". [ad. L. déjitri-um 
an oath, f. déjirare (earlier déjerdre) to take an 
oath, make oath, f. De- I. 3 + jwrare to swear.] 
A solemn oath. 7 

1683 E. Hooxer Pref. Ep. Pordage's Mystic Div. 15 Com- 
mon Oaths, cursed epee, monstrous Perjuries. 

Dekadarchy, -drachm, Dekarch, etc. : see 
DeEca-. 

Dekay, dekey, obs. forms of Decay. 

Deken, -in, -on, -un, -yn(e, obs. ff. Deacon. 

+Deking, v. Ols. [f. Dz- Il. 2 + Kine.] 
trans. To depose (a king) ; to dethrone. 

1611 Spee Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xi. id eeotbte being thus 
de-kinged, the Embassie rode joyfully backe to London. 

Dekle, variant of DECKLE. 

Del, obs. f. DEAL sé.1, and of DoLE, mourning. 

+ Dela‘be, v. Ols. rare. [ad. L. délabi to slip 
down, f. De- I. 1 + /a07 to slide, fall.] intr, To 
glide down. 

1657 Tomiinson Renon's Disp. Pref., There is no Jurgia 


154 


Delai, -ance, -ment, etc.: see DELAY, etc. 

Delaine (dilz'n). [Short for muslin delaine, 
F. mousseline de laine \it. ‘woollen muslin’, so 
called as being a woollen tissue of great thinness 
or fineness. ] sig | called‘in full mousseline- 
or muslin-de-laine: A kind of light textile fabric, 
chiefly used for women’s dresses ; — made 
of wool, now more commonly of wool and cotton, 
and generally printed. 

a. 1840 THackeray Shabby Genteel Story iii. Dressed in 
a sweet yellow mousseline de laine. 1862 Lond. Rev. 26 Jul 
87 These were muslin-de-laines .. made with a cotton welt 
and a woollen warp. 

B. 1849 Glasgow Exam. 2. 3/1 A lot of beautiful 
De Laine dresses. 1860 O. W. Hotmes Elsie V. (1887) 78 
The poor old green de-laine. 1891 Leeds Mercury 25 May 
5/2 Pretty gowns of black delaine figured with col 
flower sprays. 

Delait(e, obs. ff. DrLatE, DitaTE; obs. Sc. pa. 
pple. of DELETE. 

elaminate (dilemineit), v. Azo/. [f. Dr- 
I.1,2+L. /amina thin plate, leaf, layer: see -aTE 3, 
(Cf. L. délaminare, to split in two.)] ¢vans, and 
intr. To split into separate layers. 

1877 Huxtry Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 157 note, In other 
species of Actinia and in Alcyonium, the planula seems to 
delaminate. | 7 B P 

Delamination (d/leminé'-fan). Biol. [n. of 
action from prec.] The process of splitting into 
separate layers: sfec. applied to the formation of 
the layers of the BLasToDERM (q.v.). 

1877 Huxtey Anat, Inv. Anim. iii. 115 note, The forma- 
tion of the gastrula by delamination, or splitting of the 
walls of an oval shut mage into two layers. 1886 H. 
Spencer in 19/4 Cent. May 764 The next stage of develop- 
ment..is reached in two ways—by invagination and by de- 
lamination. 

Delapidate, etc., obs. form of DILAPIDATE, etc. 

[Delapsation : a spurious word in Webster, 
copied in subsequent Dicts. : see DELASSATION.] 

+ Dela‘pse, s/. Ods. rare. [ad. L. délaps-us 
downfall, descent, f. dé/abi (see next).] Falling 
down, downfall, descent. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed. v. xi. Wks. IV. 85 By their delapse 
into these bodily sinks of corruption. a ‘TOMLINSON 
Renou's Disp. 548 They [comfrey roots] .. cohibit the de- 


lapse of humours. 
Delapse (dfle'ps), v. Obs. or arch. [f. L. 


| délaps-, ppl. stem of dé/abi to slip or fall down, f. 


Mentis to pertarr your Cogitations from delabing through | 


the Golden Chanels of Experience. 

Dela‘bialize, v. [f. De- II. 1+ Lasrana. + 
-IZE.] ¢vans. To deprive of its labial character. 

1875-6 Sweet in 7rans. Philol. Soc. 568 When the o of 
hano became delabialized into a in Frisian. 

+ Dela‘biate, v. Obs. rare. [Incorrectly f. L. 
délabi (see DELABE) + -ATE3.] = DELABE. 

1632 W. Litucow 77av. vu. 318 The abundant Snow .. 
dissolving in streames, to the Lake Zembria, it ingorgeth 
Nylus so long as the matter delabiates. 

+Dela‘brate, v. rare. [f. F. délabrer, to 
shatter, dilapidate, délabré dilapidated, tattered ; 
of unknown origin: see Littré and Hatzfeld.] 
To dilapidate, ruin. Hence Dela-brated A//. a. 

1813 ForsytH Remarks Excurs. Italy 292 You can dis- 
tinguish at once the three delabrated craters upon which 
the city forms a loose amphitheatre, : 

+Dela‘ce, v. Obs. rare—'. [a. F. délacer, in 
OF. des- (DE- I. 6) + /acer to Lace.) ¢rans. To 
untie, undo. 

1581 T. Howett Deuises (1879) 259 My onely ioy regarde 
you this my wofull case, Sith none but your disdaine, my 
sorrow can delace. 

Delacerate, -ation, obs. ff. DILACERATE, etc. 

+ Delacrimate, v. Ols—° In 7 delachry-. 
[f. L. dé/acrimare to shed tears, weep, f. Dr- I. 1, 
3 + /acrimare to weep, /acrima tear.] ‘To weepe’ 


(Cockeram 1623). 
Delacrima‘tion. Also 7 delachry-, 7-9 
delacry-. [ad. L. délacrimdation-em, n. of action 


from délacrimare (see prec.).] Weeping or shedding 
of tears (ods.) ; a superabundant flow of an aqueous 
or serous humour from the eyes; epiphora. 
1623 Cockeram, Delachrymation, a ping. 1640 Park- 
ssson Theat. Bot, 223 It procureth frequent and strong 
neesing, often times even unto mene samegee g 1727 BaiLry 
vol. Il, Delacrymation, the falling down of Humours, the 
Waterishness of the Eyes, or a weeping much, 1883 Syd. 

Soc, Lex., Delacrymation, a synonym of Epiphora. 
Dela‘crimative,. Alsodelacry-. [f. ppl. 
stem of L. délacrimare (see prec.) +-IVE.] (a) 
‘ Having power to stop the flow of-tears; also, po 
ow 


applied to substances which produce a great 
of tears’ (Syd: Soc, Lex.). 

181r Hoorrr Med. Dict., Delachrymativa, medi 
which dry the eyes, first purging them of tears.] 

Delacta‘tion. [f. Dr- I. 6 + Lacration.] 
a. The act of weaning; b. ‘artificial arrest of the 
secretion of milk’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1727 Battery vol. II, Delactation, a weaning from the 
Sera 1730-6 —- (folio). Hence ‘in Jounson and mod, 


| voyce delapsed 


De- I. 1 + (a7 to slip, fall.] z#tr. To fall or slip 
down, descend, sink. /#¢. and fig. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 203 The diuyne fatherly 
commynge downe from his magnifycent 
glory. 165: Biccs New Disf. 243 Nature is delapsed into 
that dotage and folly. 1848 Wornum in Lect. Painting by 
R. A.'s 79 note, Greece. .delapsed into a Roman province. 

Hence Dela‘psed f/f/. a. 

1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxviii. (1748) 379 Which Anne 
deriv’d alone, the right, before all other, Of the —— 
crown, from Philip her fair mother. 1631 J. Done Poly- 
doron 183 Those Delapsed Angells. 1730-6 Battery (folio), 
Delapsed (with Physicians], a bearing or falling down of the 
womb, of the fundament, etc. [An error for DELapsion of 
ed. 17213 reproduced in Johnson and some mod. Dicts.] 
1819 i Busk Vestriad 1, 423 Am I debas'd, delaps'd, de- 
funct, forsooth, My orb eclips’d, or day-star set, in truth? 

+Dela‘psion. Oés. [f. L. type délapsion-em, 
n. of action f. dé/abi, délaps-: see prec.] A falling 
down ; in /ath, = prolapsus. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 954 (R.) That the same 
rays being carried so great a way, should have their fric- 
tions, fluxions, and delapsions. 1706 Puttwirs (ed. eg fn 
Delapsion, a slipping, sliding or falling down: In the 
of Physick, a falling or bearing down of the Womb, Funda- 
ment, Guts, etc. 1721 in Baitey (cf. Prec} 

+ Dela‘sh, v. Sc. Obs. [a. OF. delacher ‘to 
discharge’ (Cotgr.), in OF. deslachier, £. des-, dé- 
(De- I. 2, 6) + lacher:—L. laxare to loosen.) 
trans. To discharge, let fly. 

1582-8 //ist. Yames VI (1804) 247 A number of English 
bowmen delashet some arrowes againes the Scotish com- 
pany. 1 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament Giijb (Jam.), 
Against this ground they delash their artillerie siclike. 1606 
Binnie Airk-Buriadl (1838) 11 To stand out against the 
thunder-bolts of death delashed by God. 

‘ssable, a. Ols.—° erron. -ible. [ad. 
L. délassabilis.) Capable of being wearied out. 

1727 Baiey vol. II, Dedassible, that may be tired. 1730-6 
— (folio). Hence 1775 in Asx. i 

+ Delassa‘tion. Os. rare—'. [n. of action 
f. L. délassare to weary or tire out, f. de-, DE- I. 3 
+/assdre to weary.] Fatigue, weariness. 

1692 Ray Dissol, World 11. ii. (1732) 102 [The birds] are 
able to continue longer on the Wing without Delassation. 
1727 Baiey vol. II, Dedassation, a tiring or i 

a‘ssitude, v. once-wd. [Dx- IL. 2 trans. 
To deliver or recover from lassitude. 

ne Pa Irvine in Life §& Lett. (1862) I. 163 The..method 
by which you delassitude yourself after the fatigues of an 
evening’s campaign. 

Delate (dilét), v. Also 6 Sc. delait, 6-7 di- 
late, 7 Sc. deleat. [f. L. dé/at-, ppl. stem of 
défer-re to bear or bring away or down, convey, 


deliver, , indict, accuse, etc.; with 4, cf. 
med.L. délatére to bring before a judge, indict, 


accuse, freq. of déferre: see DEFER v.2, 


DELATION. 


(The stem Z4t- (*-t/at-) belongs to a different root (*7 
Gr. rAd-ew ee ee ete 

+1. trans. To carry down or away, convey to a 
particular point; = DeErer v.2 1. Ods. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 15 The bone of the cheeke .. 
hath a round hole. . through which is transmitted a of 
= thyrd —— = ree pee to the Muscles of 

nose. 1626 N a 'o try exactly the time 
oa | 
° or offer for acceptance or adop- 
tion; =Derer v.2 2. Obs. 

3555 Harpsriecp Divorce Hen. VIIT piri ” This 
B B did. .refuse the oath delated to him for the con- 

rmation of the said divorce. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Comm. 
(ed. 2) 224 On the incapacitation of the first heres institutus 
the inheritance would be instantaneously delated (offered 
for acceptance) to the heres substi or to 
ab intestato. - 

+38. To hand down or over, transfer; to refer (a 
matter fo any one). Obs. 

1651 Howe t Venice 201 Which charge and singular trust 
was delated unto them for their extraordinary prudence. 
a ~ Osporn Characters, &c. Wks. (1673) 617 The Abstract 
of all Delated Dignities. @ 1734 Nortu Exam. u. v. § 2. 
(1740) 330 In a Nation that hath Established Laws, ail 
—- of Right and Wrong are delated to executive 

‘ower. 1858 Masson Milton 1. 342 The King delates them 
{Instructions] to the two Archbishops; each Archbishop is to 
see to their execution by the bishops of his own province. 

4. To accuse, bring a charge against, impeach ; 
to inform against ; to denounce to a judicial tri- 
bunal, esf. that of the Scotch ecclesiastical courts. 

1515 in Douglas's Wks. (1874) I. p: lxi, Comperit Master 
Gavin Douglas .. and schew how .. he was delatit to be ane 
evile man in diuers poyntis. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. 
(1821) Il. 414 Ane wikit limmare. ,quhilk was oftimes dilatit 
of adultry. 1609 Skene Reg. May., Treat. 132 Gif he quha 
is suspect, or d d to haue itted , is fugitiue. 
1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 53 He wes delated to the 
Presbyterie. 1776 Jounson in Boswell, Case Fas. Thomson, 
If a minister be thus left at liberty to delate sinners from the 
pulpit .. he may often blast the innocent. 1834 H. Miter 
Scenes & Leg. xix. (1857) 280 They deliberated together .. 
on delating her as a witch before the 7 of Tain. 
rey eons Capt. Dangerous 11. iii. 119 oper 1 delate me to 
the English Resident at Brussels for a Jacobite spy. 

b. To report, inform of (an offence, crime, fault). 

1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 107 He imediatlie come to 
Edinburgh, and thair delaitit his turpitude to the judge 
criminall. 1605 G. Powe. Refut. mom Puritan-Papist 
28 To punish the crimes delated vnto him. 1605 B. Jonson 
Volpone 1. vi, They may delate My slacknesse to my patron. 
1848 J. H. Newman Loss § Gain u. ix. 208 Facts like these 
were, in most cases, delated to the Head of the house to 
which a young man belonged. 

5. To relate, report. 

a 1639 Sportiswoop //ist. Ch. Scot. 1. (1677) 185 He .. de- 
lated the matter to the Queen. 1798 T. Jerrerson Writ. 
(1859) IV. 246 This party division is necessary to induce 
each to watch and delate to the le the proceedings 
the other. 1862 Sir H. Taytor S¢. Clement's Eve. iii, Still 
of the art itself I spare to speak, a ten eee in quality of 
witness, The art's practitioners as I have known them, 

Hence Dela‘ted //. a., Dela'ting vl. sd, 

x i* I Bao.A. Awpov (1603) 100 The nature and by- 
past life of the dilated person. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE 
St. Gt. Brit. u. . iii. (1743) 366 When the delated father, 
i.e. the man whom the eth, appears, he is 
examined. 1820 Ess, Witchcraft 9 Their delating of one 
another, as it is called. 

Delate, obs. form of Dinatr, DELETE. 

Delatinize, -ed, -ation: see Dr- IL. 1. 

Delation (di12'fan). Also 6-7 dilation. [ad. 
L. délation-em information, accusation, denuncia- 
tion, n. of action from dé/at-, ppl. stem of déferre : 


Dilation of the 
hearing. did. § 209 It is certain that the Delation of Light 


is in an Instant. 
2. Handing down (to a new r), handing 
over, transference. Ods. (exc. in Rom. Law). 


1681 WHARTON ieee @ Are Wis. (2009) 64 The sole de- 


lation of the E) ugustus Caesar, became of happy 
consequence to Spani s. 1875 Poste Gaius u. a 
or de- 


fs 190 The only title required .. was the 
ion of the inheritance and vacancy of possession, 
8. An accusing or bringing a chem against, esp. 
on the part of an informer; informing against ; 
accusation, denouncement, criminal information, 
1578 Sc. Poems 16th C. 11. 183 Priests, burne na ma, Of 
wrang delation ye may hyre .. And let abjuring - 1604 
Suaks. O¢h. 11. iii, 123 Such things .. in a man 's — 
They're close dilations [so F. 1, Q. 2, 3; Q. 1 denotements, 
working from the heart, That Passion cannot rule, 16a 
Relig. Wotton. (1672) 307 Three Gentl «» who 
all secret Delations on matter of practice against the Re- 
Srortiswoop /ist, Ch. Scot. 11. pops 


ublick. @ 

pon some envious delations the King 
him. _1790 Burke Fr, Rev. Wks. V. 372 That court is to 
try criminals sent to it by the national assembly, or brought 
before it by other courses of delation, 1862 MertvaLe Kom, 
Emp.(1865) VII. Ixii. 386 In criminal cases. .the interference 
of a mere stranger was unaul delation. 1893 Dudlin 
Rev. July 6 is [Abbé Dupin’s] delation to the Archbishop 
of Paris by Bossuet. 


Delation, obs. var. of Diuation, delay. 
Delative, obs. form of Dinative. 


: '  DELATOR. 


Delator (d/lzitax). Also 6 delatour, 7 -later, 
-laiter ; 6-7 di-. [a. L. dé/ator informer, accuser, 
denouncer, agent-n. of déferre (ppl. stem délat-) : 
see DeLaTE v.] An informer, a secret or profes- 


sional accuser. f 

1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 81 Whosoevir wald 
delaite any of heresye, he was heard: no respect nor con- 
sideratioun had what mynd the delatour bayre to the persone 
delated. 1598 Srow Swrv. xliii. (1603) 472 In this Court he 
heard those that are delators or informers in popular and 

enalactions. 1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. u. vil. 134 Hence 
it is that Delators, and Informers, have in all happy and 
well-governed States, been ever held an infamous and odious 
kind of Cattell. 1776 Gispon Decl. § F. I. xiv. 311 A for- 
midable army of sycophants and delators. 1874 Farrar 
Christ 1. 1x. 387 There might be secret delators in that 
very mob. 

Delator, -our, obs. forms of Dinaror, a delay. 

Delatorrian, a. nonce-wd. [f. DELATOR after 
pretorian.| Of informers or spies. 

1818 Moore Fudge Fam. Paris Pref., That Delatorian 
Cohort which Lord S—dm—th .. has organized. 

+ Delatory, 2. Ods. [ad. L. délatori-us, f. 
déelator: see prec. and -ory.] Of the nature of 
criminative information or accusation. 

1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues §& V. 1. 83 (Busie-Bodie) 
There can no Act passe without his Comment, which is ever 
far-fetch’t, rash, suspicious, delatorie. 1609 Br. W. Bartow 
Answ, Nameless Cath. 107 Which delight in such Calum- 
niations, and vse those Delatory accusations. 


Delatory, obs. form of Dinarory. 
Delature, obs. var. of DitaturE, delay. 
+ Dela'vy, des-, di-, dis-, 2. Obs. Also 


-lavee, lavé. [a. OF. des/avé washed away, over- 
flowed, like a flood or inundation, f. des- :—L. dis- 
+ /avé washed. 

The OF. word had also the sense ‘washed (De- I. 6), 
befouled, dirty’, retained in Swiss Romance ; and perhaps 
this was present in some of the English examples under 
sense 2.] 

1. Of floods: Overflowing, abundant. 

@ 1400-50 A lexander 1351 (MS. D.) Par flowe owt of fresh 
wynne flodez enowe, So largly & so delavy [MS. A. delauyly]. 

. Of speech or behaviour: Going beyond 
bounds, immoderate, unbridled, dissolute. 

¢ 1380 Wyciir Wes. (1880) 306 Pise freris ben doumbe .. 
when pei shulde speke .. but pei ben dilauy in heere tungis, 
in gabbyngis & other iapis. — Sed. Wés. III. 388 [Freris] 
ben moste dislavy of hor veyn speche and worldly. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Pars. 7. 555 As seith Salamon, The amyable 
tonge is the tree of lyf .. and soothly a deslauee [v.”. deslaue, 
dislave, disselaue ; Vulg. Prov. xv. 4, immoderata] tonge 
sleeth oe of hym that repreueth and eek of hym that. 
is repreued. /d/d. 760 Mesure also, that restreyneth by 
reson the deslauee [v.7. dislave, delaue, delavy] appetit of 
on e. ¢1422 Hoccteve Fereslaus’ Wife 90x A shipman 
which was a foul lecchour .. to his contree iin shoop lede 
hire this man delauee. 

Hence + Dela‘vily adv. [see above, sense 1]; 
+ Dela‘viness. 

¢1380 Wycir Serm. Sel. Wks. II, 298 Dilavynesse of tunge 
in spekinge wordis oper ban Goddis is passynge fro good re- 
ligioun. 1447 BokeNnam Seynfys (Roxb.) 156 Mary Maw- 


delyn .. hir youthe in dislavynesse Of hir body so unshame- | 


fastly She dispendyd. a 1g00 Prose Legends in Anglia VILL. 
168, I shent myselfe wip so grete delauynesse, turnynge to 
my-selfe after be sermon. 

Delay (d?lé-), sd. Forms: 3-6 delaie, 3-7 
delaye, 4 delai, (4-6 dilaye, 5 deley, delee), 
3- delay. [ME. a. F. déaz (12th c. in Littré), 
also in OF, de/ed, delo’, Cotgr. (1611) delay, f. OF. 
delaier, in mod.F. dilayer: see DeLay v. (Not 
immediately cognate with It. dé/ata.)] 

1, The action of delaying; the putting off or de- 
ferring of action, etc. ; procrastination, loitering ; 
waiting, lingering. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 42 Somme tango adelay, & somme 
al out wyp seyde. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 305 Pei seken 
:-fals dilayes to lette knowyng of treupe. — 1413 Lypa. 
Pilgr. Sowle 1, xviii. (1859) 18 Thou shalt nought with such 
delayes and excepcyons escape. 1548 Hatt Chron. 241 b, 
Sent Ambassadors..with faire woordes, and frivolous de- 
laies. 1583 Hottypanp Campo di Fior 47 To do so great 
an enterprise, Imake nodelay. 1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. ZL. ut. 
ii. 207 One inch of delay more, is a South-sea of discouerie ; 
I pre’thee tell me, who is it quickely. 1602 — Ham. ut. i. 72 
For who would beare .. the Lawes delay, The insolence of 
Office. | @ 1628 Preston New Covt. (1634) 435 Delay in all 
things is d » but p ination in takeing the offer 
of Grace, is the most dangerous thing in the World, 1678 
Orway Friendship ix F, 39 Come, come, delayes are dan- 
gerous, 1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid v1. 846 
whose timely delays gave strength to the state. 

comb, 8x0 Bentuam Packing (1821) 264 Observing the 
House of Lords to have .. become, in respect of its appellate 
jurisdiction, converted into a sort of delay-shop, 

b. The fact of being delayed or kept waiting for 
a time; hindrance to progress. 

1748 F. Surri Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. I. 79 These Delays 
from the Wind .. were a great Check to [our] Hopes. 1875 
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) I. 384 There will be a delay of a day. 

2. Phrases. a. Without delay; without waiting, 
immediately, at once. 

¢ 1275 Lay. 17480 Pat hii come to Ambres-buri wib houte 
delaie. 1375 Barsour Bruce i. 388 He thocht, but mar 
delay, In-to be manland till arywe. 1382 Wycuir Acts xxv. 
17 Withoute ony delay.. I .. comaundide the man for to be 

id to. cx420 Avow. Arth. (Camden) xxii, He wold pay 
,— aetege wp With-owtyn delees. 1548 Hatt Chron. 214 
ithout delay they armed them selfe, and came to defende 


‘abius thou, 


155 


the gates, 1747 West.ey Prim. Physic (1762) p.xxvi, Without 
Delay to apply to a Physician that fears God. Zod. I must 
return without delay. 

+b. Zo put or set in delay: to delay, defer, put 
off. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 274 The sentence of that ilke day 
May none appele sette in delay. c1470 Henry Wadlace 
vir. 704 And thus thai put the battail on delay. 1490 
Caxton Eneydos xxi. 77, I requyre only that he putte this 
thyng in delaye for a certayn space of tyme. 

Delay (diléi-), vt Forms: 3 delaizen, 3-6 
delaie(n, (4 deley, dylaye), 4-6 delaye, 3- 
delay. [ME. a. OF. delaier, delayer (also deleer, 
deleier, deloter, desl-, dell-, dil-, dal-, dol-, to put off 
(an event, or person), to retard, to defer; in mod. 
¥. dilayer (16th c. in Littré and Hatzf.), but delayer 
in Cotgr. 1611. 

The derivation of the F. word is difficult. The sense is 
that of late L. dz/atdre (Du Cange), freq. of difzrre to defer, 
delay, put off; but this does not account for the actual form, 
since it could only give an OF, dleer or (with Rom. prefix) 
desleer.J 

1. trans. To put off to a later time; to defer, 
postpone. + Zo delay time: to put off time. 

c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1.87/30 And bide pat he it delaize Ane 
preo 3er. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 513 Me nolde nou3t, that is 
crouninge leng delaied were. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 290 
For to make him afered, The kinge his time hath so delaied. 
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1, xxii. 68 To delaye the bataylle 
vnto another day. 1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i. 
181 b, Delaie the sentence no longer. 1594 West 2nd Pt. 
Symbol. Chancerie § 140 Who .. with faire promises delaied 
time, and kept the said C. D. in hope from yeare to yeare. 
1611 Biste Jatt. xxiv. 48 My Lord delayeth his comming. 
1737 Pore Hor. Efist.1. i. 41 Th’ unprofitable moments .. 
‘That .. still delay Life’s instant business to a future day. 
1821 SHELLEY Prometh, Und. 11. iii. 6 Freedom long desired 
And long delayed. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xl. (1862) III. 433 
He delayed the attack for four days. 

b. with zzf. To defer, put off. 

@1340 Hampote Psalter vi. 3 How lange dylayes pou to 
gif grace. 1611 Biste 4x. xxxii. 1 When the people saw 
that Moses delayed to come downe. 1799 Cowrer Cast- 
away v, Some succour. .[they] Delayed not to bestow. 1847 
‘Tennyson Princ. iv. 88 Delaying as the tender ash delays 
To clothe herself, when all the woods are green. 

+c. With personal object: To put (any one) 
off, to keep him waiting. Oés. 

1388 WycuF Acts xxiv. 22 Felix delayede hem. 1512 Act 
4 Hen. VITI, c. 6 § 2 If..the same Collectours .. unreason- 
ably delay or tary the said Marchauntes. 1530 Patscr. 
510/1, I delaye one, or deferre hym, or put hym backe of his 
purpose. 1639 Du VerGer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 88 
It was not fit shee should delay him with faire wordes. 
1768 Biackstone Coma. III, 109 Where judges of any 
court do delay the parties. 


2. To impede the progress of, cause to linger or 


stand still ; to retard, hinder. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 261 Her wo to telle thanne as- 
saieth, But tendre shame her word delaieth. 1634 Mitton 
Comus 494 Thyrsis! whose artful strains have oft delayed 
The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. 1709 STEELE 
Tatler No. 39 ® 4 Joy and Grief can hasten and delay 
Time, 1813 SHELLEY Q. Aad 11. 197 The unwilling sojourner, 
whose steps Chance in that desert has delayed. 1856 KANE 
Arct. Expl. 1. xv. 161 To delay the animal until the hunters 
come up. ; . . 

3. intr. To put off action ; to linger, loiter, tarry. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. |xix, A womans guyse is 
evermore to delaye. 1596 SHaks. 1 Hen. JV, 1. ii. 180 
Aduantage feedes him fat, while men delay. 1667 MiLTon 
P. L.v. 247 So spake th’ Eternal Father -. nor delaid the 
winged Saint After his charge receivd. 1850 TENNyson /2 
Mem. \xxxiii, O sweet new-year delaying long.. Delaying 


Ma delay no more. 
. To tarry ina place. (Now only oetic.) 
1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 3 Paris being .. in 


his way to ‘Spain, he delaid there one day. a 1878 Bryant 
Poems, October, Wind of the sunny south ! oh still delay, 
In the gay woods and in the golden air. 

ec. To be tardy in one’s progress, to loiter. 

1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xiv. § 9 There seem to be cer- 
tain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession 
of those ideas .. beyond which they can neither delay nor 
hasten, 

+ Delay’, v.2 Ods. Forms: (6 delaye, deley), 
6-7 delaie, delay, (dilay). [a. F. délayer (13th 
c. in Hatzf.), in Cotgr. deslayer ‘to supple, soften, 
allay, soake, steepe’, delayer ‘to macerate, alla 
or soften by steeping, &c.; also to make thin’, 
in OF. desleier, desloter, app. = Pr. deslegar, It. 
dileguare, Sp. desleir :—Rom. *dis-ligare, to un- 
bind, disunite, f. L. Dis- with separative force + 
ligare to bind. Cf. Atuay v.1 III, and ALLY v.2.] 

1. trans. To weaken by admixture (as wine with 
water); to dilute, temper, qualify; =AuLay v.1 
14, 15. 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. 35 b/t His wyne must be 
claret delaied. pe Butteyn Bh, Simples 24b, The same 
water is wholsome to delaie wine. 1616 Surri. & Marxku. 
Country Farme 419 Dilay it with sufficient quantitie of 
Fountaine water. 1624 R. Davenrort City Nightcap 1. in 
Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 114 She can drink a cup ofwine not 
Seared sat water. Sf j ) ‘ b 7 

+ 1565 Jewer Def Afol. (1611) 248 Allowing the words, 
he thought it best..to delay, and qualify the same with some 
Construction. 


b. To debase (coin) by admixture of alloy ; 
ALLAY 2. I, 


1586 Sir E. Hosy Pol. Disc. Truth xlix. 239 They..which 
clippe, waste and delaye coyne. 


DELAYOUS. 


2. To mitigate, assuage, quench; =ALLAyY v.! 
Oy Ite 

1530 Patscr. 510/2 This is a soverayne medycine for it hath 
delayed my payne in lesse than halfe an hour. 1578 Lyre 
Dodoens w. \vii. 518 It delayeth the swelling of them that 
have the Dropsie. 1590 Spenser /. Q. ut. xii. 42 ‘Lhose 
dreadtull flames she also found delayd And quenched. 1603 
Hoiiann Plutarch’s Mor. 19 Vhe mingling of water with 
wine, delaieth and taketh away the hurtfull force thereof. 

3. To soak, steep, macerate. rare. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens v1. xxx. 697 Of the same beries [of 
Buckthorn] .. soked or delayed in Allom water, they make 
a fayre yellowe colour. 1580 HotLyBanp 7 7veas. Fr. Tong, 
Desléer, and destremper, to soake, to deley. 

Belay-able, «. vare. [f. DeLay v.! or sb, + 
-ABLE.] ‘hat may be delayed ; subject to delay. 

1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1792) I. 118 Law thus 
divisible, debateable, and delayable. 

Delay-al. rave. [f. Drtay v.1+ -an: cf. de- 
trayal.) The action of delaying; retardation. 

1890 J. Hutcuinson Archives Surg. 228 The delayal of 
venous circulation. 

+ Delay‘ance. O/s. Also 4 delaiance. [a. 
OF. delaiance, delayance (Godef.), f. delayer to 
DELAY: see -ANCE.] Delaying, delay. 

@ 1300 Cursor AL, 26135 (Cott.) Him reu his sinnes sare, 
and for-think his lang delaiance. 162g tr. Boccaccio's De- 
cameron 11. 134 How little delayance..ought to be in such 
as would not have an enchantment to be hindered. 

Delayed (diléi-d), af?. al [f. Detay v.1 + 
-ED 1.) Deferred, retarded, etc. : see the verb. 

1552 Hucoet, Delayed, comperendinatus, procrastinatus, 
tardatus. 1879 B. ‘Vaytor Stud. Germ. Lit. 170 It was 
only a delayed, not a prevented growth, 1880 JerrEeRIES 
Gt. Estate 195 Nothing was said about the delayed visit. 

+ Delay'ed, #//. a.2 Obs. [f. DeLay v.2 + 
-ED!.]_ Diluted, weakened by admixture; also 
transf. of colours. 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. 1. xix. 29 Ye may gyve 
hym also delayed wine of small strength. 1597 GerarDE 
Herbal. xcvii. § 2. 155 A fine delaied purple colour. 1610 
Hottanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 476 Somewhat yellowish 
like delayed gold. 1688 R. Hotme Avmoury u. 295 Of a 
delayed chestnut-colour. 

Delayer (d/lé'a1). Now rare. [f. Detay v.! 
+-ER]. Cf. OF. delayeur, dilayeur.} One who 
(or that which) delays. 

1. One who lingers or tarries ; one who puts off 


® 


‘doing something, a procrastinator, 


1531 Eryor Gov. 1. xxiv, Called. . Fabius Cunctator, that is 
to saye the tariar or delayer. 1653 Hotcrorr Procopius iu. 
81 Being no Souldier, a coward, and an extream delayer. 
1748 Ricuarvson Clarissa (1811) IV. g2 ‘To quicken the 
delayer in his resolutions. 1890 blackw. Mag. CXLVII. 267 
‘The dear delayers Whose part is over, but they do not go. 

+b. with zz/. One who delays ¢o do something. 
Obs. rare. 

1640-1 Airkcudbr. War-Commnt Min. Bk. (1855) 93 Re- 
fuisers or delayers to mak peyment. 1653 Baxter Cir. Con- 
cord xix. Bij b, Delayers or deniers to consent to the matter. 

2. (With obj. genitive.) One who (or that which) 
retards or hinders ; one who puts off or defers. 

1514 Barcray Cyt. § Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 32 Cratchers 
of coyne, delayers of processe. 1642 Rocrers Naaman 26 
The furtherer or delayer of his owne grace. @1745 Swirr 
Char. Hen. IT, Wks. 1824 X. 391 A delayer of justice. 
1888 Pall Mall G. 16 Jan. 6/1 He was a Yankee inventor. 
He had patented early-rising machines, burglar delayers.. 
and. .other curious appliances. 

+ Delay‘ful, a. Obs. rare. [f. DeLay sd. + 
-FUL.] Full of orcharacterized by delay; dilatory. 

1600 Hottanp Livy xxvil. xxi. 644 By whose cold and 
delayfull proceedings..Anniball now these ten yeares had 
remained in Italie. 1615 CHAPMAN Oc’yss. Iv. 1041 Now 
the..queen Will surely satiate her delayful spleen. 

Delaying (d/lé'in), v42. sb.1 The action of 
Dexay v.!, q.v.; putting off, tarrying, etc. ; delay. 

@1340 HampoLe Psalter xii. 1 Haly men .. plenand baim 
of delaiynge. c1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 


1. vii, And thenne .. wythoute ony delayenge he forgeuyth 
the synne. c1500 Melusine 144 Goo we thenne.. without 
dylayeng. 1583 Stuspes Anat. Adus, u. (1882) 9 This 


deferring and delaieng of poore mens causes. 1659 GAUDEN 
Tears of Ch. 235 Few do pay them without delayings, de- 
falkings, and defraudings. J/od. By delaying he has lost 
his chance. 

+ Delaying, v2/. sd.2 Ods. 
ing ; alloying: see DELAY v.? - 

1473 Warkw. Chron. 4 The same ryolle was put viij. d. of 
aley, and so weyed viij.d. more by delaynge. 1549 Latimer’s 
3rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 86 margin, Scrupulous .. 
in delayinge of hys wyne wyth water. 

Delaying, #//.a. Thatdelays: see DeLay v1 

1649 Br. GurHrie Jem. (1702) 74 Yet did his be oe give 
it a fair and delaying answer, until the meeting of the Peers. 

Hence Delay‘ingly adv. 

1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 465 And yet she held him on 
delayingly With many a scarce-believable excuse. 

+De ay'ment. Obs. Also 4 delaiement. 
[ME. a. OF. delate-, delayement (also delee-, delie-, 
deloie-), f. delayer to Drtay v.! + -MENT.] The 
action of delaying; delay. 

1393 Gower Con/. 11.9 He made non delaiement, But goth 
him Rome: 1 Caxton Gold. Leg. 237/2 He..blamed 
hym greuously of his delayment and necligence. = 

+ Delay-ous, @. Ods. rare. [a. OF. delaieus, 
f. delat sb., DELAY: see -ous.] Given to, or char- 
acterized by, delay; dilatory. 

1469 Sir J. Paston in Le#t, Il. No. 619. aa delt wythe 

=2 


Allaying, temper- 


DEL CREDERE. 


ght delayous peple. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. cliii. 140 
‘The parlyament of Fraunce ..is lyke vnto the Court of 
requestys..in Englonde. How be it that is of moche gretter 
resorte of people, and therwith veray delayous. 

|| Del credere (del krédére), attrib. and adv. 
phr. Comm. [It. = ‘of belief, of trust,’ f. ded of the, 
credere to believe, believing, belief, trust.] A phrase 
expressing the obligation undertaken by a factor, 
broker, or commission merchant, when he guaran- 
tees and becomes responsible for the solvency of 
the persons to whom he sells. Hence del credere 
agent, account, etc. 

Ondel credere terms is a very common heading to invoices 
‘of goods sent to agents in foreign or colonial places. Del 
credere commission ; see quot. 1849. 7 

Bs Yacob's Law Dict., Del Credere, a commission del 
credere is an undertaking by an insurance-broker, for an 
additional —— to insure his principal against the con- 
tingency of the failure of the under-writer. 1849 Freese 
Comm. Class-bk. 48 Under the item Charges, must be in- 
cluded a charge for guaranteeing the debt, called Delcredere 
or guarantee commission, when the consignee makes him- 
self responsible for the prompt payment of the debt. 1891 
Law Times XC. 224/1 Nor is there any general presump- 
tion of law which fixes the broker with liability as a ded 
credere agent. 

|| Dele (dzlz). [L. dé/é, 2nd sing. pres. imper. 
act. of délére to DELETE; but perh. sometimes an 
abbreviation of de/eatur.] =DELEATUR, or imper- 
atively, ‘ Delete (the letter, etc. marked) ’. 

Commonly indicated by a d with a twisted and crossed 
head (4). 

1841 in SavaceE Dict. Printing. 

Dele, obs. form of DEAL. 

+ Delea‘gue, dele'gue, v. Ovs. [a. F. dé- 
léguer (3rd sing. pres. délégue), 15th c. in Hatzf., 
ad. L. délégare to DELEGATE.) = DELEGATE v. 

I TuroGmorton Let. in Robertson Hist. Scotd. (1759) 
II. App. 43 A number of persons deleagued, and author- 
ized by her. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. 1. iv. 26 ‘They 
delegued Great Pompey, to goe and make Warre. /did. 
ut, vii, 394 The Gentlemen deleagued by the said Com- 
miussaries, 

Deleat(e, obs. form of DELATE v., DELETE v. 


|| Deleatur (dZli\2'ti1). [L. =‘let it be de- 
leted’; 3rd sing. pres. subj. passive of dé/ére to 
blot out, delete.) A written direction or mark on 
a printed proof-sheet directing something to be 
struck out or omitted ; hence fig. 

1602 Parsons Warn-Word, &¢. u. ix. 7ob (Stanf.), We 
pervert..the ancient Fathers with the censure of dedeatur 
when any sentence lyketh us not. 1640 Six E. Derine Sf. 
on Relig. 23 Nov. iii. 7 ‘The most learned labours of our .. 
Divines, must bee. defaced with a Deleatur. 1696 EveELYN 
Let. to W. Wotton 28 Oct., Deleatur, therefore, wherever 
you meet it. 

+ Deleasve, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. De- Il. 2+ 
Lear, pl. /eaves.] trans. To strip off (leaves) 5 to 
defoliate. 

1s9t Harincton Ori. Fur. xxxvu, xxxi, Thrise haue the 
leaues with winter been deleaued. 

Deleble, var. of DELIBLE. 


+ Dele‘ct, v. Os. [ad. L. délectare to DE- 
LIGHT.) = DELIGHT v. (¢vans. and infr.) 

1530 R. Wuytrorp Werke for Householders H ij, Yf you 
.. begyn somwhat to delecte in theyr maters, I advyse you 
dissymule. 1588 A. Kina tr. Canisius’ Catech, 211 ‘The 
thing in this lyf that delects indures bot a moment. 

Delectability (dilektabiliti). [ad. OF. de- 
lectableté, {. delectable: see next and -1ry. The 
earlier OF. was delitableté, whence DELITABILITY.] 
The quality of being delectable; delectableness ; 
concr, (in pl.) delectable things ; delights, 

c1440 Gesta Rom, li, 232 (Harl. MS.) Pe worlde, that 
bihotithe to thé swetnesse & dilectabilites. 1834 Beckrorp 
Italy 11. 336, I have heard of this court and its delecta- 
bilities. 1856 Lamps of Temple (ed. 3) 119 We will look .. 
at the delectabilities of these three volumes. 1886 Holman 
Hunt in Contemp. Rev. June 827 Looking at the picture as 
a picture should always be regarded—for its delectability to 
the eye. 

Delectable (d/le‘ktéb’l), 2. [ME. a. OF. de- 
lectable, ad. L. délectabilis, {. délectare to DELIGHT : 
see -ABLE. ‘The earlier popular form in OF. was 
delitable, DELITABLE. 

In Shaks. and P. Fletcher still stressed de‘lectadle.] 

Affording delight ; delightful, pleasant. 

Now little used in ordinary speech, except ironically or 
humorously ; seriously in poetry and elevated prose. 

¢ 1400 Maunvev. (1839) xiv. 138 A gret contree and a fulle 
delectable. - Ti le's , = Musyk clere That 
full delectabull was to here. 1529 More Com/. agst. 7 rib. 
i. Wks. 1216/2 Delectable allectiues to moue a manne to 
synne. 1 pEN Decades 75 Suche newes and presentes as 


_ 1526 Pilger. Per?.(W. de W. 1531) 2' 
Ba a 


156 


had told him that he had a delectable voice. Mod. Advt. 
Delectable Lozenges, for clearing the throat. 

Dele'ctableness. [f. prec. + -nuss.] The 
quality of being delectable ; delightfulness. 

b, The swetnes & 

blenes of this gyfte aboue all y* moost swete thynges. 
1556 Even Decades 132 Pleasauntnesse of hylles, and delec- 
tablenes of playnes. 1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr. 1. (1673) 
151/2 The delectabl of the G adjoynin; 

AWTHORNE Bilithedale Rom. \. xiii. 252 A terrible draw- 
back on the delectableness of a kiss. 1879 J. Burroucus 
Locusts §& W; Honey 16 Half the delectableness is in break- 
ing down these frail walls yourself. 

Delectably (dilektabli), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-Ly2,] Ina delectable manner, delightfully. 

¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) xxvii. 278 Bryddes songen full 
delectabely. 155 Bae Sed. Wks. (1849) 388 Of myrrh, balm, 
and aloes, they delectably smell. 1652-62 HEYLIN Cosmogr. 
11, (1682) 51 A neat Town, and very delectably seated. 1754 
Suespeare Matrimony (1766) I. 157 No ife could pass 
more delectably than his. 

+ De‘lectary, a. Ods. [f. L. type *délectari-us, 
whence also OF. delitaire delectable, f. délecta-re 
to delight: see -arY1.] Delectable, pleasant. 

1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11.751 He hathe made me clene 
and delectary, the wyche was to synne a subiectary. 

Delectate (d/le‘kte't, d7lekte't), v. rare. [f. 
ppl. stem of L. délectare to DELIGHT : see -ATE 3, 5.] 
trans. To delight. (Affected or humorous.) 

1802 Lams Curious Fragm. ir Burton, The silly man .. 
thinketh only how best to delectate and refresh his mind. 
1841 Fraser's Mag. XXIII. 220, I also delectated myself 
greatly in the library. 1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) 11. 1. 
ni. 136 His art and favour delectate you [ime create 


you). age ; ; 

Delectation (dilektéi-fan). Also 4 -aciun, 
4-5 -acioun, 5-6 -acion, -acyon(e, etc.; also 
dilect-. [a. OF. delectation (12th c. in Hatzf.), 
also delitacion (Godef.), ad. L. délectation-em, n. 
of action from dé/ectdre to DELIGHT.] The action 
of delighting ; delight, enjoyment, great pleasure. 

Formerly in general use, and denoting all kinds of pleasure 
from sensual to spiritual ; now (since ¢ 1709) rarer, more or 
less affected or humorous, and restricted to the lighter kinds 
of pleasure. 

13.. 5. Augustin 730 in Horstmann A ltengl. Leg. 74 pat 
luttel delectaciun Pat he feled in his etyng. 1382 Wyctir 
2 Macc. ii. 26 Sothely we curiden, .that it were delectacioun, 
or lykyng, of ynwitt to men willynge for to reede. 1435 
Misyn /ive of Love v. 9 Wyckyd treuly pis warld lufe, set- 
tand pere-in pe lust of pere delectacyone. 1526 TinpaLe 
2 Cor. xii. 10 Therefore have I delectacion in infirmities. 
1570 Der Math. Pref. 32 To the glory of God, and to our 
honest delectation in earth. 1620 Venner Via Recta iv. 75 
It is pleasant to the pallat, and induceth ..a smoothing 
delectation to the gullet. a@1g1r Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 
1721 Il. 96 Liking shoots up unheeded to Delight, And 
Delectations soon Consent excite. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., 
Garth, ‘The Dispensary ’.. appears .. to want something of 
poetical ardour and something of general delectation. 1846 
Dickens Cricket on Hearthi, Reproducing scraps of conver- 
sation for the delectation of the baby. 1892 7ztes 27 Dec. 
7/1 A great many other entertainments were provided for 
ihe public delectation. — ; 

b. ¢ransf. Something that delights; a delight. 

1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 249 That the citesynnes 
scholde dispute of the commune profette yn tylle none ; and 
not attende to eny other delectacion. 1§36 Primer Hen. 
V1, 149 Of mind Thou art the delectation, Of pure love 
the insuation. 1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 63 If solitari- 
nesse and living alone be your delectation. 

Delectible, Delection, obs. var. DELECTABLE, 
DILECTION. 

|| Delectus (d/le*ktis). [a. L. délectus selec- 
tion, choice, f. déligére to choose out, select; f. 
De- I. 2 + /egérve to gather, cull, choose.] A selec- 
tion of passages from various authors, esf. Latin or 
Greek, for translation. 

[1814 R, Vacry (¢i¢/e), Delectus Sententiarum Gracarum.) 
1828 F. E. J. Vavry (yee), Second Greek Delectus, or New 
Analecta Minora. 36 — Second Latin Delectus, with 
English notes. py ge Life of Watt 512 His first school- 
exercises, down to his college themes, his delectuses. 1888 
Bernarp World to Cloister y. 114 Such a caning as a small 
boy gets at school for not knowing his Delectus, ; 

|| Delectus persone. Law. [Lat.=‘choice of 
a person’.] The choice or right of selection of a 
person to occupy any specific position or relation ; 
e.g. of one to be admitted as partner in any firm, 
or as tenant in a lease; the right which each exist- 
ing partner or party to a contract has of being 
satisfied with the person whom it is proposed sub- 
sequently to admit into the firm or lease. 

1848 WHARTON Law Dict, s.v., The delectus persone, which 
is essential to the constitution of partnership. 186x W. Bet 
Dict, Law Scot?., Although the delectus persone does not 


they brought weredelectabletothekinge. 1578 Lyre Z 
1v. Ixxvi. 540 Woodrowe flowreth in May, and then is the 
smell most delectable, mae Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 
1. viii, Athenzeus, a delectable Author. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. 
vil. 539, Trees of God, Delectable both to behold and taste. 
5 unyan Pilgr. uu. 165 The Shepherds there, who 
welcomed them..unto the delectable Mountains. 1759 
Srerne Trist, Shandy 1. xi, Of which ortginal journey.. 
a most delectable narrative will be given in the progress of 
this work. 18: Hatiam Hist, Lit. Il. v. 1, 230 note, 
For the beautiful lines in the second eclogue of Virgil we have 
this delectable h ric versi 1871 R, Extis Catullus 
Ixiv. 31 When the delectable hour those days did fully 
determine, 1880 H, James Benvolio 1, 372 The old man 


now exclude the tenant’s heirs, yet without the landlord's 
, either express or implied. .a lease be vol: 

tarily assigned or sublet. ‘ 
lee, obs. form of DELAY. 
/,a. Sc. [pa. pple. of deleer = 


Delee'rit, A/, 
Deine v., F. délirer.] Crazed, out of one’s wits. 


: DELEGATE. 
Delegacy (del/gisi). [f. DenxcatE sb.: see 


1. action or system of delegating ; appoint- 
ment of a person as a delegate ; commission or 
authority given to act as a ve 

sBaan4 Act 05 Hex, VIII, c. 21 § Great summes of money 
- ; -taken by the Pope. .for ies, & rescrij 
in of and appel 1614 RaLeicu Hist. 
World v. ii. §8 Understanding the majesty of Rome to be 

otherwise i 


indeed wholly in the people and no in the senate 
than by way of delegacy or — commission. 1626 State 
Trials, Dk. Buckhm.(R.), 7 


y are great judges, a court of 
the last resort .. and this not by delegacy pnt pone mh 
but by birth and inheritance. 1882 Froutkes in Macm. Mag. 
XLV. 204 So much for delegacies and appeals in the ab 
1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. 11, m. Ixiii. 459 He is. forbidden 
to hope for a delegacy to a con i 

2. A body or committee of delegates ; + formerly 
also, a meeting of such a body. 

In the University of Oxford, a permanent committee, or 
board of delegates, entrusted with special business; as, the 
ad of the Non-Collegiate Students: see DeLecatTe 


2b. 

162x Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1657) 64 The 
plaintiff shall have his complaint approved by a set delegacy 
to that purpose. 1631 Laup Wés. (1853) V. 49 Their pro- 
fessed aim was to dissolve the delegacy a for the 
ordering and settling of the statutes [of Oxford]. 1669 
Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I]. 172 The Delegacy for 
FIG b of books met between 8 in the morn. 1671 

J 


Jbid. 11. 216 A conference or bo ger fi eld in the lodgings 
of D*. Jo. Lamphire, principal of Hart hall. 1852 [see 
DELEGATE 2b]. 1867 Jimes 13 Dec. 8/6 Youths residing 
entirely..out of College would require special attention, and 
therefore it was pro’ to create a delegacy—that is, an 
Academic Board—for that purpose. . Pattison 
Casaubon 90 The town-council of Montpellier proceeded to 
appoint a laucy of eight persons to prepare a scheme for 
the college of Arts. 

Delegant (del’gint). [ad. L. délégant-em, 
pr. pple. of délégare to DELEGATE: so mod.F. délé- 
gant.) One who delegates ; in Civi/ Law, one who, 
to discharge his debt to a creditor, assigns his own 
debtor to the latter, in his place. 

1627 W. Sciater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 128 The lurisdiction 
of the delegant and delegate is one. 1 Br. MAxwett 
Prerog. Chr. Kings iv. 44 Samuel was onely the delegate, 
God was the principall and delegant. 1818 CoLEBROOKE 
Oblig. §& Contracts 1. 214 The most frequent case of dele- 
gation is that of a debtor of the delegant, who, for his own 
discharge of a debt due by him, delegates that debtor to his 
own creditor, 

Delegate (de'l’get), sd. Also 5 Sc. diligat(e, 
7 delegat. [a. OF. delegdt (= mod.F. déléguéd, 
Sp. delegado, It. delegato), ad. L. délégat-us, pa. 
pple. of délégére to DELEGATE, used as sb. in Ro- 
manic, like L. /égatus.] 

1. A person sent or deputed to act’ for or repre- 
sent another or others ; one entrusted with authority 
or power to be exercised on behalf of those by 
whom he is appointed ; a deputy, commissioner. 

c Be ge Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 124 Take we 
heede to be popes & cardinals. .delegates & commyssaries. 
1461 Liber Pluscardensis X1. viii. (1877) 1. 385 His [God's] 
diligatis dois na thyng heire in vayn. 1614 SELDEN Titles 
Hon, 252 The del of Bishops in temporall iurisd 
_.were stil'd Vicedomini. a 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 47 
Taught .. by the Holy Ghost speaking in his del in 
his ministers. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1. sor Elect by Jove his 
delegate of sway. 1876 E. Metuor Priesth. vii. 324 He {the 
priest] claims simply to stand as delegate of heaven. 

b. Now chiefly applied to one or more persons 
elected and sent by an association or body of men 
to act in their name, and in accordance with their 
instructions, at some conference or meeting at which 
the whole body cannot be present. 

1600 HoLLAND a: xxiv. 838 There were appointed 
ten Committees or Delegates [éeats. 1775 Jounson Tax. 
no Tyr. 7% The delegates of the several towns and parishes 
in Cornwal. . Cox /nstit, 1. viii. 107 Where there 
was a district of burghs, each Town Council elected a dele- 
gate, and the four or five del lected the b 
1878 Jevons Prim, Pol. Econ, 78 Sometimes three or more 
delegates of the workmen meet an equal number of delegates 
from the masters, “et 

¢. A layman appointed to attend an ecclesiastical 
council (of which the clergy or ministers are ex 
officio members). 

1828 in Wessrer; and in later Dicts. 

2. spec. @ A commissioner appointed by the 
crown under the great seal to hear determine 
appeals from the ecclesiastical courts. These 
commissioners constituted the Court of Delegates, 
or great court of appeal in ecclesiastical and Ad- 
miralty causes. 

Pe Act 1-2 Phil. & M. 
é before any Ordinaries. . legates u 
any Appeals. 159x Harincron Ord. Fur, xiv. Lxxiii, In 
courts OL Delegates and of Requests. 1726 Ayuirre Parergon 

191 The Court of Delegates... wherein all Causes 

by way of Devolution from either of the Archbishops are 
decided. 1768 Br Comm, I11, 66 The great court 
ical vis, the of 


1785 Burns Halloween xiv, For monie a ane has 
fright, An’ liv’d an’ did deleerit, On sic a night, 

Deicet, obs. form of DELETE. 

Delegable (de‘l’gib’l), a. _[f. L. déléga-re to 


DELEGATE + -BLE. apable of bei ted. 
1660 R. chbtorcn | Ki i Suprem, vie hemi The 
Legislative power is le, ; ; 


t of appeal in all ecclesi : court f dele- 
gates, judices delegati, appointed by the king’s commission 
under his great anal, nad i g out of 'y, to repr 

is roy! 


al person. 
b. In the University of Oxford: A member of a 
t committee entrusted with some special 
branch of University business; as, the Delegates of 


DELEGATE. 


Appeals in Congregation and in Convocation, of 
the University Press, of University Police, etc. 

1604 Sir T. Boptey in Relig. Bodd. (1703) 196 As the 
Delegates have resolved, there shall be a Porter for the 
Library. 1660 Woop Lif (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 316 In the 
same convocation, the Delegates’ decree was confirmed by 
the regents and non-regents, scil. that the overplus of the 
money .. should be employed in printing Gregorius Abul- 

haragus. 1668 Clarendon Press MSS., Ata Meeting of the 

elegats for Printing. 1671 /did., Ata Meeting of y* Delegats 
for the Physick Garden. 1700 /did., At a Meeting of y 
Delegates for Acct of y* University of Oxford. 1723 /did., 
At a Meeting of the Heads of Houses in ye Delegates Room 
of the Printing House. 1852 Rep. Ocford Univ. Commission 
15 The Standing Delegacies or Committees, which are 
appointed for the purpose of managing various branches of 

niversity business.. There are Delegates of Accounts, of 
Estates, of Privileges, of the Press, and of Appeals. 

3. U.S. a. The representative of a Territory in 
Congress, having a seat and the right of speech in 
the House of Representatives, but no vote. Before 
1789 it was the title of the representatives of the 
various States in the Congress of the Confederation. 

1825 T. ato ic Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 52, I was 
#Picinted y the legislature a delegate to Couerene. 

. House of Delegates: (a) the lower house of 
the General Assembly in Virginia, West Virginia, 
and Maryland; (4) the lower house of the General 
Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 368/2 The legislature consists of 
a Senate and.a House of Delegates, which are together 
called the General Assembly of Virginia. /é¢d., All laws 
must originate in the House of Delegates. 

Delegate (deligét), pp/. a. Also 6-7 Sc. de- 
legat. [ad. L. délégat-us, pa. pple. of délégare to 
DELEGATE.] 

+1. As pa. pple, Delegated, deputed, commis- 
sioned. 

1530 Patscr. 510/2 The bysshop hath delegate the deane 
in this mater. Compl. Scot. xiv, 115, I vald god that 
fuluius flaccus var diligat iuge to puneis them. 1660 R. Coxe 
Power & Subj. 54 Supreme power is delegate from God to 
every Prince, 

2. As adj, Delegated. 

. 1613 Mittes Treas. Aunc. §& Mod. Times 713/2 The King 
and the Queen with all their Servants and delegate 
Apostles. @1667 Jer. Taytor (J.), Princes in judgement, 
and their delegate judges. 1828 GunninG Cerem. Cambr, 
420 ‘The Party Appellant. .doth desire the Judges Delegate 
[Fudices Delegati) that they would decree [etc.]. 

Delegate (delige't), v. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
délégare to send, dispatch, assign, commit, f. Dr- 
I. 2b + dégare to send with a commission, depute, 
commit, etc.] 

1. ‘vans. To send or commission (a person) as a 
deputy or representative, with power to transact 
business for another; to depute or appoint to act. 

1623 CockeraM, Delegate, to assigne, to send in commis- 
sion. 1641 R. Brooke Lug. Episc. u. ii. 71 Will any man.. 
think it reasonable my Lord Keeper should, ad Alacitum, 
delegate whom hee will to keep the Seale? 1646 H. 
Lawrence Comm. Angells 20 Every one from his nativity 
hath an Angell delegated for his keeper. 1876 Grant 
Burgh Sch, Scott, 1. i. 19 Commissioners of the Abbot of 
Dunfermline who had been delegated judge by the pope. 

2. To entrust, commit or deliver (authority, a 
function, etc.) to another as an agent or deputy. 

1530 Patser. 510/2, I delegate myne auctorite, ze deleg‘ue, 
1641 R. Brooke Lng. Efisc. u. ii. 72 Can any man think it 
fit, to Delegate the Tuition or Education of a tender Prince, 

. committed to his Coerges 1774 T. Jerrerson Axtobiog. 
App. Wks. 1859 I. 138 Those bodies..to whom the not 
have delegated the powers of legislation. 18 ELPS 
Anim. § Mast. v. (1875) 117, I wish we could delegate to 
women some of this work, 1883 A. L. Sarrn in Law 
Reports 12 Q. Bench Diy. 95 The defendant delegated to 
another to utter the slanderous words. 

* +8. Ina looser sense: To assign, deliver. Obs. 

1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 74 For this was Published. . 
a Law, and the reason thereof delegated to the Judges... 
that the Peasants should not sojourne [etc.]. 1774 J. Bryant 
Mythol, 1. 310 A number of strange attributes, which by 
some of ‘the poets were delegated to different personages. 

4. Civil Law. To assign (one who is debtor to 
oneself) to a creditor as debtor in one’s place. 

1818 [see Detecant]. 1880 Muirueap Gaius m1. § 130 
When, for example, I enter to your debit what is due me 
by Titius, provided always he delegated you to me in 
his stead. 1887 Jura Burge's Comm, Law of Holland 246 
It is necessary that there should be the concurrence of the 
person delegating, that is, the original debtor, and of the 
person delegatedgor the person whom he appoints, 

Delegated (de'ligeitéd), api. a. [f. prec. vb.] 

1, Appointed to act as a deputy or representative 
for another; deputed. 

“oe Crasnaw Poems 164 The delegated eye of day. 
E,. Darwin Bot, Gard.1. 109 The delegated throng res 


179r 
er the 


wide plains delighted rush along. 1818 CoteBrookeE Od/ig. | 
& Contracts 1. 214 If nothing were due by the delegant, the . 


157 


deputy. 1 Freeman Norn. Cong. (1876) I. iv. 247 An 
English Ealdorman ruled only with a delegated authority. 

Delegatee’. [f. Detzucate v. + -EE.] Civil 
Law. The party to whom a debtor is delegated by 
the delegant. « 

1875 Poste Gadus (ed. 2) 670 When the Delegator is in- 
debted to the Delegatee. 
De'legateship. 
position of a delegate. 

1892 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 23 Mar., That federal 
office holders in the South are put forward for delegateships. 

Delegation (deligéi-fon). [ad. L. delegation- 
emt, n. of action from déegare to DELEGATE. So 
¥. délégation (13th c. in Hatzf.).] 

1. The action of delegating or fact of being dele- 
gated ; appointment or commission of a person as 
a delegate or representative; the entrusting of 
authority to a delegate. 

1612 SELDEN Drayton's Poly-olb. xi, Notes 193 Government 
upon delegation from the King. 1641 R. Brooke Eng. Episc. 
u. ii. 72 To countenance such Delegation of an entrusted 
Office, to Deputies. 1775 Jounson Zax. xo Tyr. 33 ‘The 
business of the Publick must be done by delegation. 1867 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. iii. 77 He is a sovereign, 
inasmuch as he does not rule by delegation from any personal 
superior. : i 

b. The action of sending on a commission. 

164 Smectymnuus Vind, Ausw. § 13. 130 If the greatest 
part of Titus his travels had beene before his delegation to 
Creet. 

+e. The action of delivering or assigning a thing 
to a person or to a purpose. Ods. 

1681 EF. Scrater Serm. Putney 7 There are two parts of 
Moses his power intimated fairly enough in the delegation 
of these siluer trumpets. : : 

2. A charge or commission given to a delegate. 

61x Sreep fist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xil. § 66 Lewis .. re-called 
his Vicar-ship or delegation, which hee had made to Edward. 
1690 Locke Civ. Gov. 11. xix. (R.), When .. others usurp the 
place, who have no such authority or delegation. 

3. A delegated body ; a number of persons sent 
or commissioned to act as representatives. 

1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, Jndia LI. wv. vii. 261 The government 
of India. . by a delegation of servants. 1841 Catiin WV, Amer. 
Ind. (1844) I. i. 2 A delegation of some ten or fifteen noble and 
dignified-looking Indians .. suddenly arrived. 

b. U.S. The body of delegates appointed torepre- 
sent a State or district in a representative assembly. 

1828 WessteR s.v., ‘hus, the representatives of Massa- 
chusetts in Congress are called the delegation, or whole dele- 
gation, 1865 H. Puitiirs Amer. Paper Curr, 11. 43 The 
Jersey delegation..presented to congress a number of the 
counterfeits. ; 

4. Crvil Law. The assignment of a debtor by his 
creditor to a creditor of the delegant, to act as 
debtor in his plaee and discharge his debt. 

1721 Bawey, Delegation [in Civil Law] is when a Debtor 
appoints one who is Debtor to him, to answer a Creditor, in 
his Place, 1818 CoLesrooke Obdig. § Contracts 1. 208. 1860 
J. Paterson Compend. Eng. & Sc. Law 314. 1880 MurrHEaD 
Gaius Digest 552 A transaction .. called delegation of his 
debtor by the creditor to the third party. 

5. A letter or other instrument, unstamped and 
not negotiable, used by bankers and merchants in 
the place of a cheque, bill of exchange or other 
instrument, for the transfer of a debt or credit. 

1882 Birney Counting-ho. Dict. 92 Letters of Credit are 
mostly simple Delegations. : 

|| b. A share-certificate: used esf. in reference 
to Suez Canal shares. [F. délégation.] 
_ 1882 Daily Tel. x0 Oct. (Cassell), The English government 
intended purchasing 200,000 Suez Canal delegations. 

+ De'legative, z. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
delégare to DELEGATE + -IVE.] Having the attri- 
bute of delegating ; of delegated nature. 

1641 R. Brooke Eng. Episc.1.i. 3 Hither also wee may 
referre his pee lees or Legislative in Parliament .. 
And.. his power Delegative. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. xi. § 141 
It [the Power of making Laws] being but a delegative Power 
from the People. 

Delegator (delégeitez). [ad. L. délégator, 
agent-n, f. délégdre to DELEGATE.] One who de-* 
legates, a delegant. 4 

1875 [see DELEGATEE]. : 

Delegatory (deligitori), a. [ad. L. délégatori- 
us, £. delegdtor: see prec. and -ory.] Of or re- 
lating to delegation; of the nature of delegation 
or delegated power ; + of a person, holding dele- 
gated authority. 

1599 Nasue Lenten Stuf in Harl. Misc. (1808-13) VI..170 
(D.) Some politique delegatory Scipio .. whom they might 
depose when they list. 16r5 Crooxe Body of Man 42 No 
where doth he attribute any delegatory power of Sensation 
vnto it. 1762 tr, Busching’s Syst. Geog. I11. 547 This juris- 
diction was conferred on him by the see of Utrecht, which 
the Emperor .. had invested with a delegatory authority. 
1787 Ann Hitpircu Rosa de Mont. I. 62 The decrees of an 

ble provid and its delegatory laws on earth. 


[See -su1p.] The office or 


delegated party need not — that engag' x 
Tennyson Znid 1741 By having .. wrought too long wit! 
delegated hands, Not used mine own, 

2. Entrusted or committed (to a deputy). 

1654 H. L’Esrrance Chas. J (1655) 150 Neither. .his Own, 
nor his delegated Authority to his Council. 1735-8 Bouinc- 
BROKE Ox Parties 209 The Peers have an inherent, the 
Commons a delegated Right. 186r W. Bett Dict. Law 
Scot., Delegated jurisdiction, as distinguished from 

’ jurisdiction, is that which is communicated by a 
Judge to another, who acts in his name, called a depute or 


Delegue, yar. DELEAGUE v. Ods., to delegate. 

Deleit, obs. Sc. form of DELETE. 

|| Delenda (délenda), sd. f/. [L., pl. of dé 
Zendum (a thing) to be blotted out, gerundive of 


. delére to DutxrE.] Things to be deleted, 


(In early quot. with additional plural -s.) 
Mra. Worcester in Bibl. Regia (1659) 71, I beseech 
= ajesty to consider the streiks that are drawn over the 
vine writ as so many delendies [quoted in C. Cartwright 


| jestie deletted that clause. 


DELETERY. 


Cert. Relig. 1. 6 (1651) as delenda’s] by such bold hands as 
these. 

~Delendung, var. of DeLuNDUNG. 

+ Deleniate, v. Ods. rare. Also erron. deli- 
neate. [irreg. f. L. délénire to soften or soothe 
down.] ‘To soothe, mitigate. 

1623 CockErAM, 11, To Pacifie, Deleniate. 1657 Tomuin- 
son Kenou's Disp. 29 That is called Anodynum which de- 
lineates and mitigates any paine. 

+ Leleni-fical, a. Ods. rare-°. [f. L. déleni- 
Jfic-us soothing, f. délénire to soothe down + </icts 
making.] Soothing, pacifying. 

1656 Blount Glossogr., Delentfical, that mitigates or makes 
gentle. xrg7azin Baitey. 1755 in Jounson (‘having virtue 
to assuage or ease pain’). 

Delerious, erron. form of DELIRIOUS. . 

Delessite (déle‘ssit). A/c. [Named 1850 
after the French mineralogist Delesse: see -1TE.] 
A dark-green mineral, allied to CHLORITE, but 
containing much more iron, 

1854 in Dana Ain, 296. 1879 Ruttey Stud. Rocks xii. 219 
Augite, which is often altered into pseudomorphs of chlorite 
or delessite. 

Delete (d/lit), v. Also 5-6 delyte, 6-7 Sc. 
deleit, dilate, 7 deleet(e, deleate, 7 Sc. fa. ¢. 
and fa. pple. deletted, delait: see next. [f. L. 
délet-, ppl. stem of délére to blot out, efface.] 

+1. “rans. To destroy, annihilate, abolish, eradi- 
cate, do away with. Ods. 

(The first quot. is on various grounds uncertain.) 

1495 Barth. De P. R.\W. de W.) 1. iii. 82 Drinesse dy- 
stroyeth bodyes that haue soules, so he dyssoluyth and de- 
lyteth the kynde naturall spyrytes that ben of mayst smoke. 
1534 St. Papers Hen. V/11, I, 218 Stryke thaym.. till 
they be consumed, and ther generation clene radycat and 
delytit of this worlde. 1545 «lect 37 //en. VIII, c. 17 § 1 
‘The Bishop of Rome .. minding .. to abolish, obscure and 
delete such Power. 1565 Satix. Poems Reform. i. 344 Where 
no redresse in tyme cold dilate The extreme wrong that Rigor 
had tought. 1656 Prynne Demurrer to Fews 69 Confede- 
rating ..to murder and delete them. 1657 ‘ToMLINSON 
Renou’'s Disp. 215 It doth perfectly deleate the ulcers which 
infest the throat. 1851 Sir F. Parcrave Norm, §& Eng. 1. 
43 Though Carthage was deleted. — 

2. To strike or blot out, obliterate, erase, expunge 
(written or printed characters). 

21605 Montcomerte Afisc. Poems 1.6 Sic tytillis in 30ur 
sanges deleit. 1637-50 Row //ist. Air (1842) 522 His Ma- 

a16s7 Barrour Aun, Scot. 
(1824-5) II. 76 Her proces [was] ordained to be delait out of 
the recordes. 1667 Cotiins in Rigaud Corn Scé. Alen (1841) 
I. 127 Here the corrector took out more than I deleted. 1862 
Beverince //ist, Juda IL. v1. iii. 641 The peerage would be 
granted if the censure were deleted. 1875 F. Hatiin Vatiou 
XXI. 360/2 Here, to make either sense or metre, the and 
must be deleted. : 

b. jig. To erase, expunge, ‘wipe out’. 

16s0 Futter Pisgah ut. x. 340 Studiously deleting the 
character of that Sacrament out of their bodies, 1785 Rrip 
Int, Powers ut. vii, So imprinted as not to be deleted by 
time. 1864 Morn. Star 12 Jan., Kagosima has been deleted 
from the list of cities, and there is an end of it, 

Hence Dele‘ting vé/. sb., deletion. 

1711 Countrey-Man's Lett, to Curat 6 Vhey had the popish 
missal and breviary with some few Deletings. 

+ Dele‘te, fa. pple. Obs. Also 7 deleete, delate. 
[ad. L. wélét-us blotted out, effaced, pa. pple. of 
délére to DELETE.) Deleted, abolished, destroyed. 

css HarpsFietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 87 His 
brother’s memory was delete and abolished among the Jews. 
1642 Declar. Lords & Com. to Gen, Ass. Ch. Scot. 13 An Ob- 
ligation that cannot be delete. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No, 1682/1 
His Arms to be. .delate out of the Books of Arms. 


+ Deleterial, a. Ovs. [f. as next + -aL.] = 
next, 

1621 VENNER Via Recta, Treat. Tobacco (1650) 397 It hath 
a deleteriall or venemous quality, 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. 
Compit. xix. 7or In his Epistle concerning Paracelsus’s 
Medicines and their deleterial vertues. 

Deleterious (deléti-rias), a. [f. mod.L. dé- 
léteri-us, a. Gr. SnAntypi-os noxious, hurtful, f. 6y- 
Anrnp destroyer, f. dyAé-e8ar to hurt: sce -ous.] 
Hurtful or injurious to life or health; noxious. 

1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 10 They were not 
deleterious to others onely, but to themselves also, 1646 - 
Pseud. Ep. 1. vii. 119 Deleterious it may bee at some dis- 
tance and destructive without a corporall contaction. 1762 
Gotpsm. Cit. W. xci, In some places, those plants which 
are entirely poisonous at home lose their deleterious quality 
by being carried abroad. 1821 Byron ¥vax Vv. lii, Tis pity 
wine should be so deleterious, For tea and coffee leave us 
much more serious. 1869 Puitiirs Vesuv. viii. 213 This gas 
was well known to be deleterious. 

b. Mentally or morally injurious or harmful. 

1823 Byron ¥vax xut. i, A jest at vice by virtue’s called a 
crime, And critically held as deleterious. 1860 Emerson 
Cond. Life, Power Wks. (Bohn) II. 335 Politics is a dele- 
terious profession, like some poisonous handicrafts. 

Hence Delete‘riously adv., Deleteriousness. 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 359/t The solution should 
not be deleteriously affected. 1892 W. B. Scorr A xfobiog. 
I. i. 15 David was .. deleteriously influenced by studying 
these able but imperfect artists. 

+ Dele (delétéri), @ Obs. Also erron, 
-ory, -ary. [a. med.L. délétért-us (Du Cange), a. 
Gr, dnAnrnpios DELETERIOUS. In F. délétere (mé- 
dicament délétere, Joubert, 16thc.). In the17the, 
often erroneously viewed as a derivative of L. délére, . 
délétum, to blot out, efface,destroy, and consequently 


DELETION. 


both spelt -ovy, and used in the sense ‘effacing, 
blotting out’: cf. DELETory. 
By Butler stressed de‘letery; but generally perhaps dee 


le-tery. 

A. adj. Deleterious, noxious, poisonous. 

1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. E633) ror [Venemous 
hearbes] which by reason of their deletory coldnesse bring 
destruction unto Creatures, as Henbane, Mandrake, Na- 
pellus, 1638 A, Reap Chirurg. xii. 89 The subjects wherein 
this deletery propertie is lodged. 1657 Tomiinson Renon's 
Disp. 10 A certain deletary and poysonous quality. 1663 
Butter Hud. 1. u. 317 Though stor'd with Deletery Med’- 
cines | Which whosoever took is Dead since). 1684 tr. Bonet's 
Merc. Compit. v1. 196 A Patient .. died frantick, as if he had 
taken a deletery Medicine. : - 

B. 1. A deleterious or noxious drug ; a poison. 

Also fig. 

1638 A. Reap Chirurg. xii.88 You may aske by what meanes 
these poisons and deleteries doe kill. 1649 Jer. TayLor Gt. 
Exemp. (1703) 407 Health and pleasure, deletery and cor- 
dial. — 1651-3 — Serm. for Year 1. xvii. 223 [To] destroy 
Charity .. with the same general venom and deletery as 
apostacy destroyes faith 

2. A drug that destroys or counteracts the effect 
of anything noxious, as a poison; an antidote. 
b. fig. Anything that destroys, or counteracts the 
poison of, sin or evil; an antidote Zo or for evil. 

4] In this sense evidently associated with L. dédére, délétum, 
and so used as=‘ destroyer, effacer, wiper out’ (of evil) : cf. 
Detertory sé. 

1642 Jer. Taytor Efpisc. (1647) 5 Episcopacy is the best 
deletery in the world for Schisme. 1649 — Afol. Liturgy 
Pref. § 34 Inserted as Antidotes, and deleteries to the worst 
of Heresies. 1649 — Gt. Exemf, u. xii. xi. 1. §9 A proper 

_ deletery of his disgrace, and purgative of the calumny. 1660 

— Duct. Dubit.1. i. rule ii. § 23 Intended to be deleteries 

of the sin and instruments of repentance. — /did.1. iii, My 

thinking that mercury is not poison, nor hellebore purgative, 
cannot make an antidote or deletery against them. 

Deletion (d/lZfon).  [ad. L. délétion-em, n. of 
action from délére to blot out, efface. 

1. The action of effacing or destroying ; destruc- 
tion, annihilation, abolition, extinction. Now arch. 

1606 Coke in 7rne & Perf. Rel. D iij b, Tending not onely 
tothe hurt .. but euen the deletion of our whole name and 
Nation. 1651-3 Jer. Taytor Serm. for Year 1. v.58 Unlesse 
this proceed so far as to a total deletion of the sin. 1677 
HAte Pomp. Atticus 36 The taking of Alexandria by Au- 
gustus, which was the fatal and funeral deletion of Antony. 
1845 Davison Disc. Prophecy v. (1861) 162 Rome remains, 
though Carthage is gone: the similar fate of deletion has 
notcome. 1881 STEVENSON Virg. Pucrisque, Ordered South 
162 The more will he be tempted to regret the extinction 
of his powers and the deletion of his personality. 

2. The action of striking out, erasing or obliter- 
ating written or printed matter; the fact of being 
deleted ; a deleted passage, an erasure. 

1590 Swinsurne Testaments 271 Although the deletion 
were in the chiefe part of the testament. 1852 Sir W. 
Hamitton Discuss. 38 note, Some deletions, found necessary 
in consequence of the unexpected length to which the 
Article extended .. have been restored. 1880 MuirHeap 
Gaius 1. § 31 note, With a dot—equivalent to deletion—over 
some if not all of the letters. 1884 Kay in Law Times Kep. 
LI. 315/1 The deletion was initialed in the margin with the 
initials of the persons who signed the agreement. 

Deleti-tious, a. vare—°. [f. L. délétici-us, 
-ilius characterized by blotting out or erasure + 
-ous.] Characterized by erasure; said of paper 
from which writing has been, or may be, erased. 

1823 Crass, Deletitious (Ant.), an epithet for paper on 
which one may write things and blot them out again; to 
make room for new matter. Hence 1846 in WorcESTER } 
and in later Dicts. 

Deletive (d/litiv), a. rare. [f. L. délét-, ppl. 
stem of dé/ére to efface +-1vE.] Having the pro- 
perty of deleting, adapted for erasing. 

1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 9 Save where the obtuser end [of 
the s/ilus] was made more deletive, apt to put out, and 
obliterate. 

+ Deletovrious, a. Obs. rare—°. =DELETORY. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Deletorious (deletorius), that blot- 
teth or raceth out, 

Deletory (d/Irtari), a. si. [f. L. délét- (see 
above) +-oryY. ] 

A. adj. That is used to delete or efface, effacing. 

Also used in 17th c. in sense of Deverery a. : see that 
word and cf. quot. 1679 here. 

x61a ‘I’. James Corrupt. Script. u. 41 That also must be 
thrust away with a deletorie sponge. 1679 PULLER A/oder. 
Ch. Eng. (1843) 202 The Penances in the Church of Rome, 
which .. are counted deletory of sin. - 

B. sb. That which destroys or effaces. 

(Cf. Deterery sé. 2b, with which this ran together.) 

1647 Jer. Taytor Dissuas. Popery ii. (1686) 112 The 
severity of Confession, which. .was most certainly intended 
as a deletory of sin. 1649 — Gt. Exemp, vi. i. § 23 The 
Spirit of Sanctification .. the deletory of Concupiscence. 
3699 Misaunus" Honour of Gout (1720) 35 It is a perfect 
Deletory of Folly. 

Dele-wine: see Duat si.4 

Deley, obs. form of Detay. 

Delf! (delf). Now only doca/. Forms: 5-7 
delfe, 6 delff, 7-9 delft, 5- delf, 6- delph ; Fa 
4- delves, 6-7 delfes, 7— delfs, 8- delphs. [ME. 
delf, late OE. dzif for delf, trench, ditch, quarry, 
occurring in a 12th c. copy of a charter, inserted in 
the Peter gh OE. Chron. (Land MS.) anno 963 ; 
app. aphetic f. OE. gede/f digging, a digging, ditch, 


158 


trench, quarry, mine (stdngedelf, Madgedelf), f. 
delfan to DELVE, di 4 

1. That which is delved or dug: a. A hole or 
cavity dug in the earth, e.g. for irrigation or drain- 
age; a pit #a trench, ditch; sfec. applied to the 
drainage canals in the fen districts of the eastern 
counties. 

c1420 Pallad. on Tush, w. 40 In forowe, in delf, in 
pastyne, ArRNoLDE Chron. 168 Make a delf ther 
aboute..til thou com to the gret rote. 1557 7oftel/’s Misc. 
(Arb.) 179 Daungerous delph, depe dungeon of disdaine. 
1633 P. f LETCHER Purple Isl. 11. xiii, a lesser delfs 
[later ed. delfts] the f ins b ding. 166 
Morcan SPA. Gentry u. vii. 78 Extracting him out of that 
Delf or Pit which Reuben put him in. 1675 Evetyn Terra 
(1776) 3 In marshes and fenny Delves. 1713 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 5143/4, 44 Acres of Pasture Ground in the Delphs in. . 
Haddenhans in the County of Cambridge. 1851 Frul. R. 
Agric. Soc. X11. u. The fens are divided by embanked 
upland rivulets or deine ", 1877 N.W. Linc. Gloss., Delf, 
Delft, a drain that has been delved ..a pond, a clay-pit. 
a railway cutting, or any other large hole that has been 
delved out. ee 

b. An excavation in or under the earth, where 
stone, coal, or other mineral is dug; a quarry; a 
mine. The ordinary name for a quarry in the 
northern counties. 

1388 Wycuir 2 Chron, xxxiv. 11 To bie stoonys hewid out 
of the delues, ether guarreris. 14.. Vocab. Harl. MS. 
1002 in Promp. Parv. 118 note 1, Aurifedella, a gold delfe. 
1588-9 Act 31 Eliz. c. 7 § 4 Quarries or Delfes of Stone or 
Slnte. 1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xxiv. § 5 (1615) 242/1 
Any Mine, Delph of Coale, Stone, Clay, Marle, Turfe, Iron, 
or any other Mine. 1 Ray Dissol. World 78 In Coal 
Delfs and other Mines. .the Miners are many times drowned 
out. 1732 in L’fool Munic, Rec. (1886) II. 156 The quarr 
or delf att Brownlow Hill sho’d be cut thorow., 1878 F. Rf 
Wits Midl. Railw. 390 Limestone. .isdug froma quarry, 
or ‘delph’, some 30 to 50 ft. beneath the surface. 1 
Sheffield Gloss., Delf, a stone quarry, x891 Labour Com- 
mission Gloss., Delphs, terms used to denote the working 
places in Yorkshire ironstone quarries, 

+c. A grave. Obs. 

¢ 1425 WynToun Cron. vi. iv. 39 The Grafe, quhare pis dede 
Pypyne lay, Dai rypyd..Dat Delf pai stoppyd hastyly And 
away sped pame rycht spedyly. 1460 Jowneley Myst. 
(Surtees) 230 He rasyd Lazare out of his delfe. a1548 7hrie 
Priests Peblis 37 Geer) first freind, quhil he was laid 
in delf, He lufit ay far better than himself. : 

+2. A bed or stratum of any earth or mineral 
that is or may be dug into. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny 11. 409 Obserue the change of euery 
coat..of the earth as they dig, to wit from the black delfe, 
vntil they meet. .the veins aforesaid. /é/d. 11. 415 Under 
the delfe of sand they met with salt. 1706 Puitiis (ed. 
Kersey), Del/ of Coal, Coal lying in Veins under ground, 
before it is digged up. 

3. Sc. A sod or cut turf. ; 

1812 Souter Agric. Surv. Banffs. AD, . 42 If a delph be 
cast up in a field that hath lien for the space of five or 
six years, wild oats will spring up of their own accord, 
1825 80 Jamirson, De//, a sod. In this sense the term de//is 
used, Lanarks. and Banffs. . 

+b. Her. A square bearing supposed to represent 
a square-cut sod of turf, used as an abatement. Oés. 

c 1500 Sc. Poem Heraldry 165 in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 100 
3it in armes, and delphes espy. 1562 Leicu A rmorie 
(1597) 73 He beareth Argent, a delff Geules. To him that 
revoketh his own challeng, as commonly we cal it eating 
his worde, this is giuen in token thereof. 1610 Guitiim 
Heraldry 1. viii. (1660) 43 A Delfe for revocation of Chal- 
lenge. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 343/2 Some term.. 
a Tile a Delfe because of its squareness, but ina Delfe there 
is nothing of a thickness, 

+4. An act of delving; a thrust of the spade. 

1616 Surrt & Markn. Country Farme 501 You must cut 
the vpper face and crust of the earth in Aprill, with a shallow 
delfe. 1688 R. Home Armoury u. 115/1 Delfe, or Spade+ 
graft..a digging into the earth as deep as a spade can go at 
once. 

5. attrib. and Comb. 

1792 Trans, Soc. Encourag. Arts X. 105 Making a delf- 
ditch, twelve feet wide. 1885 Law Times Rep. LI. 589/1 
Certain land called delph land, beyond which were sand- 
hills, protecting the property from the sea. 

< Delf, delft (delf, delft), Also delph. [a. 
Du. Delf, now Delft, a town of Holland, named 
from the de/f, delve ‘ditch’, by which name the 
chief canal of the town is still known : see prec. 
Since the paragogic ¢ was added to the name of 
the town in mod. Du., it has been extended also to 
the English word, probably with the notion that 
delf was a corruption.] 

1. A kind of glazed earthenware made at Delf or 
Delft in Holland ; originally called Delf ware. 

1714 /'r. Bk. of Rates 121 Certain Goods, called Delph- 
Ware, and counterfeit China, coming olland and 
other Parts. 1743. Lond. § Country Brew. u. Advt., 
Potters-Work or Delft-Ware. 1859 Smites Sel/-Help 40 
Large quantities of the commoner sort of ware were im- 


nt: -from Delft in Holland, whence it was usually known 
y the name of Delft ware. 


. 
1723 Swirt Poems, Stella at Woodpark, A sw worthy 
of Rerself Five nothings in five plates of delf. Dickens 
Old C. Shop xv, A corner cupboard with their little stock of 


II. 166 


DELIBERATE. 
1884 May Crommetin Brown-Eyes iv. 33 Rows of blue 
china and coarser but valuable old delf pottery. 

Delf, obs. form of DELVE v., to dig. 

-fyn, var. of DePuy Oés. 
-fully, obs. var. of DoLEFUL, -FULLY. 

Delian (dilian),a. [f. L. Déli-us (Gr. AfAt-os) 
of or ing to Delos, AjAos) + -an.] Of or 
belonging to Delos, an island in the Grecian archi- 
pelago, the reputed birthplace of Apollo and Ar- 
temis (Diana). Delian problem, the problem of 
finding the side of a cube having double the volume 
of a given cube (i.e. of finding the cube root of 2) ; 
so ca from the answer of the oracle of Delos, 
that a om raging at Athens should cease when 
Apollo’s altar, which was cubical, should be doubled. 
Also + Deliacal a. 

1623 Cockeram, Delian twins, the Sunne and Moone. 
1727-51 Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Duplication, They applied 
themselves .. to seek the Duplicature of the cube, which 
henceforward was called the Delian Problem. Ibid., Deli- 
acal Problem, a fi bl ng the i con- 
cerning the duplication of the cube. 1879 Gro. Eutor Col. 
img ea 679 "Tis our lot To pass more swiftly than the 


chan . 

+ Deli‘bate, v. Os. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé/i- 
ba-re to take a little of, taste, f, De- I. 2 + Hibare 
to take a little of, taste, etc.] 

1. “rans. To take a little of, taste, sip; also fig. 

1623 CockeraM, Delibate, to sippe, or the cup. 
@ 1639 Marmion Axtig. 1. 1i, When he has travell’d, and 
delibated the French and the Spanish. 

2. To take away asa small part, to pluck, cull. 

1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. 111. u. 104 ‘Vhe mind is 
induced into the soul from without by divine participation, 
delibated of the universall Divine mind. 

Hence Delibated ff/. a. ; 

1655 Futter Serm., Gift for God 13 A soule.. unac- 
quainted with virgin, delibated, and clarified joy. 

+ Deliba‘tion. Ods. [ad. L. délibation-em, n. 
of action f. délibare : see prec.] 

1. A ‘taste’ or slight knowledge of something. 

@ 1638 Meve Disc. Acts xvii. 4 Wks. (1672) 1. 19 Nor can 
it be understood without some delibation of Jewish Antiquity, 

2. A portion taken away, culled, or extracted. 

1678 Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. 216 Either .. the substance 
of God Himself together with that of the Evil Demon, or else 
certain delibations from both .. blended and copuadad to- 

ether. 1794 G. Apams Nat. ) Exp. Philos, 11. xxi. 420 

‘hey considered the principle of motion and vegetation as 
delibations from the invisible fire of the universe. 

+ Deli‘ber, v. Ods. Forms: 4-6 deliber, 5 
delibere, 5-6 delyber, 6 delybre: see also Dr- 
LIVER 7.2 [ME. a. F. délidérer (15th c. in Littré), 
or ad. L. déliberare to weigh well, consider ma- 
turely, take counsel, etc., f. Dg- I. 3 + Jibrare to 
balance, weigh, f. /ibra a balance, pair of scales. 
In 15-16th c. it varied with deliver: cf. thé ordi- 
nary Romanic v from Latin 4. : 

1. a. intr. To deliberate, take counsel, consider. 

¢ 1374 Cnaucer 7roylus v. 169 He deliberyn for the 
best. ¢ 1386 — Melib. 760 She .. delibered and took auys 
in hir self. 1481 Caxton A/yrr.1. v.21 They deliberid emong 
them and concluded. i 

b. ¢rans. To deliberate upon, consider. 

1545 Jove co Dan, viii. (R.), In delibering, in decerning 
things delyb: : 

2. ¢rans. To determine, resolve. 

a. with simple obj. or infin, 

1484 Caxton /olycron. Prohemye A iij, I haue oa 
too wryte twoo bookes notable. — Faytes of A.1. vi. 
13 It is not to be delibered ne lightly to be concluded. 
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd.) 1. 204 But hee .. 
deli to withstande the adventure, Stow Hen, 


A 


an. 1417 (R.) He delibered to goe vnto in his owne 
aos pcos aye 
b. ref. (with z#/-) ? ‘ - an 
Sonnes . t 
ye oo delibere Kf for to as any ook Het 


1s.. /felyas in Prose Rom, (1858) 111. 25 On a day 
he delibered him for to go to hunt. 
ec. pass. To be determined or resolved. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur v. ii, 1 am delybered and fully 
concluded to @1529 Ske.ton Bk. Three Fooles 1. 203 
oseph .. adoek Ioetboen .. the which were delybered of a 

longe time to haue destroyed him. 

Deliberalize: see Dr- Il. 1. 

Deliberant (d/li‘bérint), rave. [a. F. déli- 
bérant, or ad. L. déliberdnt-em, pr. pple. of F. dé- 
libérer, L. déliberare to DELIBERATE.] One who 
deliberates. 

the De- 


1673 O. Wacker Educ. 202 ea which M 
ftw pareowee not to have. wor Boe op ject 
er noion to two separate bodies of deliberants. 

Deliberate (d/li-béret), a. [ad. L. déliberat- 
* pa. pple. of déliberare 5 ot DELIBER,] 4 
. Well weighed or considered ; thoug! 
out ; formed, carried out, ete. Lem consi- 
deration and full intention ; done of set purpose ; 
studied ; not hasty or rash. 

1548 Haut Chron. 182 After .. deliberate consultacion had 
among the and commons. 1602 SHAKS, 
Ham. w, iii. 9 This sodaine 


1761 Hume Hist. 
any deliberate 


DELIBERATE. 


plan in all these alterations, 1848 Ruskin Mod. Paint. I. 
Ul, 1. ii. § 4. 13 The act is deliberate, and determined on be- 
forehand, in direct defiance of reason, 1856 Froupe His¢. 
Eng. (1858) I. viii. 244 An impatience of control, a deliberate 
preference for disorder. f : 4 

b. Of persons; Characterized by deliberation ; 
considering carefully ; careful and slow in decid- 
ing ; not hasty or rash. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. V, u. ix. 80 O these deliberate fooles 
when they doe choose, They haue the wisdome by their wit 
to loose. 1802 Mar. Epcewortn Moral 7. (1816) I. xix. 165 
‘I will tell you, sir’, replied the deliberate, unfeeling magis- 
trate; ‘you are suspected of having’, etc. 1874 GREEN 
Short Hist. viii. § 1. 450 Striving to be deliberate in speech. 

2. Leisurely, slow, not hurried; of movement or 


moving agents. 

az1600 Hooker (J.), It is for virtuous considerations, that 
wisdom so far prevaileth with men as to make them desirous 
of slow and deliberate death. 1608-11 Bp. HALu Med it. & 
Vows 1. § 18 There are three messengers of death: Casualty, 
Sickness, Age. . The two first are suddaine, the last leasurely 
and deliberate. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 252 Eccho’s are some 
more sudden. . Others are more deliberate, that is, giue more 
Space betweene the Voice and the Eccho. 1790 J. Bruce 
Source of Nile Il. m1. 232 Sertza Denghel .. drew up his 
army in the same deliberate manner in which he had crossed 
the Mareb. AZod. He is very deliberate in his movements. 

Deliberate (d/li béreit), v.  [f. L. deliberat-, 
pple stem of déliberdre: see DELIBER and -ATE. 

he pa. pple. was in early times de/éberat, -ate, 
from L.: cf. prec.] 

+1. trans. To weigh in the mind; to consider 
carefully with a view to decision; to think over. 
Obs. (Now usually fo deliberate upon: see 2.) 

@ 1610 Heacey Theophrastus, Unseasonableness (1636) 49 
An unseasonable fellow .. obtrudes his owne affaires to be 
deliberated and debated. 61x TourneurR Ath. 7vag. ut. i. 
WRs. 1878 I. 83 Leaue a little roome.. For understanding 
to deliberate The cause or author of this accident. 1681 
J. Satcavo Symébiosis 14 A thing not to be deliberated. 

b. with 047. clause. 


1 Even Decades 83 Deliberatinge therefore with my 


selfe, from whense these mountaynes.. haue such great 
holowe caues or dennes, x9 Pearson Creed (1839) 28 The 
stone doth not deliberate whether it shall descend. 1759 
Rosertson Hist, Scot?. 1. v. 371 She deliberated... how she 
might overcome the regent’s scruples, 1829 W. Irvinc 
Cong. Granada I. x. 81 A council of war .. where it was de- 
liberated what was to be done with Alhama. 
. 2. intr. To use consideration with a view to de- 
cision ; to think carefully ; to pause or take time 
for consideration. Const. + of (obs.), om, uporz, etc. 
156 T. Norton Calvin's Inst, Table Scripture Quot., The 
heart of man doth deliberate ofhis way. _ 1591 SHaks, 77wo 
Gent. 1. iii. 73 Please you deliberate a day or two, 1624 
Cart, Smitu Virginia i. 153 Two daies the King deliber- 
ated vpon an answer. 1697 STILLINGFL. Sevw. II. xi. (R.), 
If he had time to deliberate about it. 1713 App1son Cato 
Iv. i, In spight of all the virtue we can boast The woman 
that deliberates is lost. x Mrs. Rancurre /talian 
i, Vivaldi shut himself up in his apartment to deliberate. 
1894 Daily News 4 May 4/7 They [women] deliberate a 
great deal, now-a-days; we draw no unfriendly conclusion. 
b. Of a body of persons: To take counsel to- 


gether, considering and examining the reasons for 


and against a proposal or course of action. 
1552, Hutoet, Deliberate or take aduice or counsayle, con- 
sulto, 1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 191 When 


therefore the Common-Council of any Town hath deliberated 
at home, concerning matters there proposed. 1745 Col. Rec. 
Pennsylu. V.11 To carry it home to their Council to de- 
liberate upon. 7843 Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 145 The three 
crowned heads of the empire .. deliberated with the other 
members on the respective merits of the pieces. 1858 Froupe 
Hist. Eng. VV. xviii. 28 The future relations of the two coun- 
tries could now be deliberated on with a hope of settlement. 
+3. To resolve, determine, conclude ; Zass. to be 
resolved or determined. Ods. . 

1gso Nicotts Thucyd. 187 (R.) They deliberated to con- 
strayne theym to fighte by sea ymmediatly. 1582-8 Hisé. 
Fames VI (1804) 260 He was deliberat to resigne his office. 
a BP Wasuineton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. w. vi. 117, 1 am 
pie aa eee soa ve TD auncient, famous, and 
erne Geographers. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 12, 
T have deliberated to frame unto you by Writing, a thing.. 
well deserving to be knowne. 

Hence Deli‘berating v6/. sd. and f//. a. 

1643 Mitton Divorce u1. ix, The all-wise purpose of a de- 
liberating God. 1885 Atheneum 2 May 572/3 The deliberat- 
ing expression of the student’s countenance. 

Deli-berated, #//. a. [f. prec.+-ED1.] Care- 
fully weighed in the mind: see the verb. 

1597 J. Kinc_ Fonas (1618) 311 A wise & deliberated 
speech. a 1644 Laup Serm, 226(T.) If you shall not be firm 
to deliberated counsels. 1704 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 11. 191 
After Deliberated and mature Debate thereon. 

Deliberately (dflivbéretli), adv. [f. Dent- 
BERATE @. +-LY *.] In a deliberate manner. 

1. With careful consideration; not hastily or 
rashly ; of set purpose. 

1532 More coufue Tindale Wks. 575/2 He ..dooeth de- 
liberatelyé with long deuice and studye bestowed about it, 
doe this - ape willingly. 165x Baxter /nf. Baft. 243, 1.. 

€ 


deliberately compared one with the other. 1748 HartLey 
Observ. Man iu. ii. § 43. 188 To deceive the world know- 
ingly and deliberately. 1892 Law Times’ Rep. LXVII. 


232/t Omitted. .through inadvertence and not deliberately 
on purpose, 
2. Without haste, leisurely, slowly. 
1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 147 P 2 Those that Read so fast.. 
may learn to k deliberately. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot?. 
im 1772, 169 They swim very deliberately with their two 


159 


dorsal fins above water. 1871 B, Taytor Faus¢ (1873) II. 
1v. i, 228, I tread deliberately this summit’s lonely edge. 

Deli‘berateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The 
quality of being deliberate, or of showing careful 
consideration ; absence of haste in decision. 

1602 Carew Cornwall 100 Deliberatenes of vndertaking, 
& sufficiency of effecting. 1649 Zikon Bas. (1824) 2t ‘The 
order, gravity, and deliberatenesse befitting a Parliament. 
1881 W.C. Russeut Ocean Free-Lance 11. 142 The. .chilling 
deliberateness of Shelvocke’s manner and voice. 

Deliberater, var. of DELIBERATOR, 

Deliberation ! (d/libérzi-fan). Also 4-6 de- 
lyberacioun, -acion, etc. [a. F. délibération, in 
13th c. deliberacton, ad. L. déliberation-em, n. of 
action from dé/iberdre to DELIBERATE. ] 

1. The action of deliberating, or weighing a thing 
in the mind; careful consideration with a view to 
decision. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Tvoylus 11. 470 For he, with grete delibera- 
cion Had every thing .. Forcast, and put in execucion. 
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 133 A man ought to do 
his Werkis by deliberacion ., and not sodaynly. 1548 Hatt 
Chron. 194 b, Without any farther deliberacion, he deter- 
mined with himselfe. 1618 Botton Florus ut. x. 198 Asking 
time for deliberation. 165 Hoses Govt. §& Soc. xiii. § 16, 
207 Deliberation is nothing else but a weighing, as it were 
in scales, the conveniencies, and inconveniencies of the fact 
we are attempting. 1751 Jounson Aamdbler No. 184 ? 4 ‘To 
close tedious deliberations with hasty resolves. 1875 JoweTT 
Plato (ed. 2) I. 386 Make up your mind then..for the time 
of deliberation is over. 

2. The consideration and discussion of the reasons 
for and against a measure by a number of council- 
lors (e. g. in a legislative assembly). 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. iv. x. 256 Grete bataylles are 
entreprysed by delyberacyon of a grete counseyl. 1555 
Even Decades 57 After deliberation they iudged that Nicuesa 
could no more lacke [etc.]. 1688 in Somers 77acfs II. 290 
‘Their Lordships assembled together .. and prepared, upon 
the most mature Deliberation, such Matters as they judged 
necessary. 1771 Funius Lett. xlviii. 252 The resolutions.. 
were made... after long deliberation upon a constitutional 
question, 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. ILI. xiii, 280 To 
protect the deliberations of the Royalist Convention. 186x 
Geo. Evior Si/as M. 9 On their return to the vestry there 
was further deliberation, 1871 J. Lewes Digest of Census 
204 The legislative body [of Guernsey], called the ‘States 
of Deliberation’. 

+b. A consultation, conference. Ods. 

1632 Litucow 7rav. 1. 80 A long deliberation being 
ended, they restored backe againe my Pilgrimes clothes, and 
Letters. 1648 NETHERSOLE Prodlems 11. title, Advice..very 
applyable to the present Deliberation. 

+ 3. A resolution or determination. Ods. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. 1, (1599) 18 The timerous man car- 
ried by despaire into deliberations headlong and hurtfull. 


1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena ro If the doubt of | 


shewing himselfe too credulous .. had not confirm’d him in 
his former deliberation. 1653 Urquuart Radelais 1. xxix. 
My deliberation is not to provoke, but to appease: not to 
assault but to defend. 

+b. The written record of a resolution (of a 
deliberating body). Ods. 

1715 Leont Padladio's Archit. (1742) I. 98 Places .. where 
were reposited the deliberations and resolutions of the 
Senate. ; 

4. Asa quality: Deliberateness of action. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Jelib. » 376 Yow oghte purueyen and 
apparaillen yow .. with greet diligence and greet delibera- 
cioun, 1413 Lypc. Pylgr. Sowle 1, xxix. (1859) 62 Al that 
they sayde or dyde shold be of suche delyberacion, that it 
myght be taken for autoryte of lawe. 1526 Pilger. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 92 b, And this enuy is mortall synne, 
whan it is with delyberacyon of reason and wyll. ” 154 
R. Copcanp Guydon's Quest. 2 C iij b/2 Nowe we wyll dys- 
pose vs with delyberacyon to speake of the curacyon of in- 
ueterate vicers, 1628 EarLe Microcosim., Alderman (Arb.) 
27 Hee is one that will not hastily runne into error, for 
hee treds with great deliberation. 1732 Law Serious C. 
xxiii. (ed. 2) 47 You must enter upon it with deliberation. 
1794 S. Wituiams Hist. Vermont 166 The chiefs consulted 
with great deliberation. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth 
Wks. (Bohn) II, 73 Every whim .. is put into stone and iron, 
into silver and gold, with costly deliberation and detail, 

b. Absence of hurry; slowness in action or moye- 
ment ; leisureliness, 

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. ix. 495 Psychical 
changes which .. take place with some deliberation. 1860 
TYNDALL Glace, 1. xvii. 119 We saw it [an ice-berg] roll over 
with the utmost deliberation. 

[ad. med.L. 


+ Delibera‘tion 2, Obs. rare. 
déliberation-em, n. of action from déliberare to DE- 
LIVER.] Liberation, setting free. 

1502 ARNOLDE Chron. 160 That we shulde treat with thy 
holynesse for his delyberacion. 

Deliberative (dili:bérétiv), a and sd. [ad. 
L. déliberativ-us, f. ppl. stem of déliberare: see 
-IvE. Cf. F, délibératyf, -ive (14th c. in Hatzf.).] 

1. Pertaining to deliberation ; having the function 
of deliberating. : 

1553 T. Witson Khe? (1580) 29 An Oracion deliberative. 
1586 A. Day Zug. Secretary 11. (1625) 88 In a deliberative 
sort we propound divers things, and refute them all one after 
another, 164 Sir E. Derine in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1692) 
mt. I, 393 We neither had a Decisive Voice to determine with 
them, nor a Deliberative Voice to Consult with them. 1678 
Trans, Crt. Spain 143 All the Towns which have a delibera- 
tive Vote in the State. 1x Burke /r, Rev. Wks. V. 
377 Erecting itself into a deliberative body. 

‘ompromise (1886) 105 The growth of self-government, or 
government by deliberative bodies, representing opposed 
principles and conflicting interests, 


1874 Mortey , 


ae | 


DELICACY, 


2. Characterized by deliberation, or careful con- 
sideration in order to decision, 

1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 361 Aserious meditation, and de- 
liberative ponderating upon the Power and terrible Majesty 
of God. 1762 Kames £lem., Crit. I. ii. 100 The slower opera- 
tions of deliberative reason. 1836 Random Recoll. Ho. 
Lords xiv. 326 Vhings to which, in his cooler and more 
deliberative moments, he would not on any account give 
expression. ? 

+b. Habitually deliberate; not hasty. Ods. 

1734 Nortu Lives I. 431 He was naturally very quick 
of apprehension but withal very deliberative, : 

+ B. 56. A discussion of some question with a 
view to settlement; a deliberative discourse; 
a matter for deliberation. Ods. 

1597 Bacon Coulers Good & Evill (Arb.) 138 In deliber- 
atiues the point is what is good and what is euill. 1620 E, 
Biount Hore Subsec. 77 A man so conceited of himselfe 
can bee no companion in deliberatiues. 1650 R. Hottinc- 
wort Ererc. Usurped Powers 52 A person .. should begin 
this section of his with a generall deliberative. 

Deli‘beratively, a/v. [f. prec.+-1y?.] In 
a deliberative manner ; with deliberation, deliber- 
ately (ods.) ; in the way of deliberation or discus- 
sion, as a deliberative body. 

1654 H. L’Estrance Chas, / (1655) 208 An omission stu- 
diously and deliberatively resolved upon. 1757 Burke 
Abridem, Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 347 Constituent parts of this 
assembly .. whilst it acted deliberatively. 1864 CarLyLe 
Fredk. Gt. 1V. 548 Consulted of and deliberatively touched 
upon, 

Deli‘berativeness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being deliberative. 

1653-4 WuHiTELOcKE ¥rul, Swed. Emb. (1772) 1. 376 
Through the slowness, or rather deliberativeness, of the 
old chancellor. 1880 Scribner's Mag. May 94 The prayerful 
deliberativeness with which New England made war. 

LTeliberator d/li-béré'ta1). [ad. L. deliberator, 
agent-n, from déliberdre: see -oR.] One who de- 
liberates ; one who takes part in a deliberation. 

1782 V. Knox £ss. 133 (R.) The dull and unfeeling de- 
liberators of questions on which a good heart and under- 
standing can intuitively decide. 1813 Sir R. Witson Diary 
II. 265 ‘They pretend that this multiplicity of supervisors 
and conflicting deliberators is fatal to the common interest. 

Delible (delib’l),a. Also 7-8 deleble, [ad. 
I. delebil-7s that may be blotted out, f. deere (see 
DELETE and -BLE): ef. zvde/7ble.] Capable of being 
deleted or effaced (Zt. and /iy.). 

1610 W. Fo.ktncHaM Art of Survey u. Vv. 55 Base lines 
«for Boundaries or deleble Plant-lines. @ 1661 FULLER 
Worthies 1, 215 An impression easily deleble. 1683 tr. 
Erasmus’ Moriz Enc.g5 Distinguishing between a Delible 
and an Indelible character. 1715 BentLey Seve. x. 357 
‘The deleble stains of departed souls. 1793 SMEATON £ dystone 
L. § 235 ‘lo render the marks not easily delible. 

+ De'librate, v. Ods.rare—°. [f. L. délibrare to 
take off the bark, f. DE- I. 6 + Ziler, Hbr-, bark.] 

1623 CockERAM, Dedibrate, to pull off the rinde of a Tree. 

Delicacy (de'likisi). Also 5 -asie, -asye, 
5-6 -acie, [f. DELICATE @.: see -acy, and cf. 
obstinacy, secrecy.] I. The quality of being DELI- 
CATE (in various senses of the adj.). II. A thing 
in which this quality is displayed or embodied. 

I. +1. The quality of being addicted to pleasure 
or sensuous delights; voluptuousness, luxurious- 
ness, daintiness. Ods. 


1680 
C. Biount tr: Philostratus 229 (Trench) Cephisodorus, the 
disciple of Isocrates, charged him with delicacy, intemper- 


now more particularly of his first branch, gluttony. 


ance, and gluttony. 174z MippLEToN Cicero II. xu. 503 In 
his [Cicero's] cloaths and dress .. avoiding the extremes of 
a rustic negligence and foppish delicacy. 

. Luxury; pampering indulgence. Obs. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 14 Delicacie his swete top Hab fostred 
so he it fordop Of abstinence al pat ber is. ¢ 1450 LONELICH 
Grait xiii. 554 The Cristene men .. weren Alle ful Richely.. 
Ifed with alle delicasy. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husé. 
1, (1586) 7 The common sort preferreth shamefull and beastly 
delicasie, before honest and vertuous labour. 1629 MAxweELL 
tr. Herodian (1635) 127 The glory of a Souldier consists in 
labour, not in lazinesse or delicacie. 1665 G. Havers Sir 7. 
Roe’s Voy. E. Ind. 477 A life that was full of pomp, and 
pleasure, and delicacy, 1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 82 Venus in 
tender delicacy rears With honey, milk, and wine, their 
infant years. ‘ 

+b. Gratification, pleasure, delectation. Obs. 
€1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 401 He Rome brende for his 
delicasie. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. v. 333 She turns, on hospitable 
thoughts intent What choice to chuse for delicacie best. 
+3. The quality of being delightful to the palate ; 
delicateness or daintiness (of food). Ods. 

1393 Gower Con/. II. 83 Berconius of cokerie First made 
the delicacie. 1650 Jer. Tavtor Holy Living ii. §1 Be not 
troublesome to thyself or others in the choice of thy meats 
or the delicacy of thy sauces. = 

+4. The quality of being delightful, esp. to the 
intellectual senses; beauty, daintiness, pleasant- 


ness. Obs. 
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, x1. xxii, O redolent well of famous 
try .. Reflerynge out the dulcet delicacy Of iiii. ryvers 
in mervaylous wyd 1589 G Menaphon (Arb.) 
48 Feeding on the delicacie of their features, 1612 DrayToN 


DELICACY... 


Poly-olb, i. 5 Even in the agedst face, where beautie once 
did dwell .. something wil re To showe some little 
* tract of delicacie there, /d/d. vii, 106 The aire with such 
delights and delicacie fils, As makes it loth to stirre, or 
thence those smels to beare. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 
61 Some peculiar Houses .. may be competitors for delicacie 
with most in Europe. 

5. Exquisite fineness of texture, substance, finish, 
etc.; graceful slightness, slenderness, or softness ; 


soft or tender beauty. 3 

1586 Sipney (J.), A man .. in whom strong making took 
not away delicacy, nor beauty fierceness. 1615 CrooKke 
Body of Man (1616) 730 Anaxagoras .. marking diligent] 
.. the postures of the | thoes .. and the soft delicacy thereof. 
1744 Harris Three Treat. ui. 11. (1765) 217 No Woman ever 
equalled the Delicacy of the Medicean Venus. 1756 Burke 
Subl. & B. iv. xvi, An air of robustness and strength is very 
prejudicial to beauty. An appearance of delicacy and even 
of fragility, is almost essential to it. 1874 Green Short 
Hist. vii. § 3. 363 She [Elizabeth] would Lage f with her rings 
that her courtiers might note the delicacy of her hands. 

6. Tenderness or weakliness of constitution or 
health ; want of strength or robustness ; suscepti- 
bility to injury or disease. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 93 Cause to con- 
jecture, that the delicacie of her sex kept disproportioned 
companie with..her courage. 1711 Appison Sect. No. 3 P 3 
Whether it was from the Delicacy of her Constitution, or 
that she was troubled with the Vapours. 1759 DitwortH 
Pope 136 From the delicacy of his body, his life had been a 
continual scene of suffering to him. 1816 Keatince 7rav. 
(1817) II. 181 The silk-cultivation has been on the decline in 
this part of the world, from the extreme delicacy of the 
insect. 1872 B. Crayton Dogs 20 The great drawback [to the 
Italian Greyhound] is its delicacy; it requires the utmost care. 

7. The quality or condition of requiring nice and 
skilful handling. 

1785 Burke Sp. Nabob Arcot Wks. 1842 I. 318 That our 
concerns in India were matters of delicacy. 1796 Morse 
Amer, Geog. 11. 679 The extreme difficulty and delicacy of 
drawing the line of limitation [in a list of eminent men]. 
1857 WHeEweELL //ist. Induct. Sc. 1. Pref. 7, | was aware .. of 
the difficulty and delicacy of the office which I had under- 
taken. 1885 L'fool Daily Post 1 June 5/3 Absorbed in nego- 
tiations of the utmost delicacy, 

8. Exquisite fineness of feeling, observation, etc. ; 
nicety of perception ; sensitiveness of appreciation. 

1702 Rowe 7amert. Ded., Poetry. .will still be the Enter- 
tainment of all wise Men, that have any Delicacy in their 
Knowledge. a1704 T. Brown Sat, Antients Wks. 1730 I. 
23 To make the delicacy of his sentiments perceived. 1855 
Macautay //ist. Eng. 111. 60 His principles would be re- 
laxed, and the delicacy of his sense of right and wrong 
impaired. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygtene (ed. 3) 29 
Warming the water is said to increase the delicacy of taste. 
1884 Cuurcu Bacon ix. 216 Their truth and piercingness 
and delicacy of observation. 

b. ¢ransf, Of instruments, etc. ; Responsiveness 
to the slightest influence or change ; sensitiveness. 

1871 B. Stewart //eat § 29 Such an instrument willtherefore 
indicate any difference of temperature with great delicacy. 

9. Exquisite fineness or nicety of skill, expression, 
touch, ete. 

1678 tr. Machiavelli's Prince (Rtldg. 1883) 198 This double 
intelligence was managed with. .slyness and delicacy. 1683 
D. A. Art Converse 103 With modest Apologies and deli- 
cacy of expression, a1700 Drypen (J.), Van Dyck has even 
excelled him in the delicacy of his colouring. 1759 Roperrt- 
son //ist, Scott. 1. 1. 69 Henry VIII of England held the 
balance with less delicacy, but with a stronger hand. 1848 
Macautay //7st. Eng. 1. 66 Scotsmen .. wrote Latin verse 
with more than the delicacy of Vida. 1885 Truth 28 May 
848/2 The spray is rendered with muc 
delicacy. F ‘ 

10. A refined sense of what is becoming, modest 
or proper ; sensitiveness to the feelings of modesty, 
shame, etc.; delicate regard for the feelings of 
others. 

1712 STEELE Sect. No. 286 P 1 A false Delicacy is Affec- 
tation, not Politeness. 1732 Macet in Swift's Lett. (1766) 
II, 269, I am sure you will dg it with all the delicacy 
natural to your own disposition, 1749 Fiepinc Tom Jones 
xvi, xiii, This .. somewhat vasouciles the delicacy of Sophia 
to the public entertainment, which.. she was obliged to 
go to, 1832 Lytron Eugene A.1. x, It would be a false 
delicacy in me to deny that I have observed it, 1843 Miss 
Mirtrorp in L’Estrange ///e III. x. 171 Nothing can ex- 
ceed their cordiality and delicacy, so that their benefactions 


lightness and 


160 


Drayton Legends iii. 118 Me with Ambrosiall Delicacies 
fed. pa Poe ape Rambler No. 172 ® 10 Untasted deli- 
cacies solicit his appetite. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 1 

pig .. was .. the chief delicacy at Gentile b 
G. Aten Philistia 111. 156 Oysters, sweetbreads, 
mullet, any little delicacy of that sort. 

+c. A luxury; a sensual pleasure. Ods. 

1581 Petrie Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 19 These lurke 

loyteringlie plunged in delicacies..as Swine in the mire, 


DELICATE. 


igaginh Causocen Slovch, Tden:T dal Sake one ae eile 
BAe oo a shal haue 


myn heuene in erthe heere. 


Diues for hus delicat lyf to pe wente. ct 34-5 
Hen, VIII, c. 4 Sundrie persons .. consume substance 
i credite .. for their o delicate 


1605 Verstecan Dec. Jntell. vi. (1628) 165 A people very 
strong and hardy, and the rather for not beeing weakned 
with delicacies, . i 

13. A delicate trait, observance, or attention. 

1712 STEELE Sfect. No. aor ?2 The Decencies, Honours 
and Delicacies that attend the Passion towards them[women] 
in elegant Minds. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 98 P 5 
Those little civilities and ceremonious delicacies. 1779 
J. Moore View Soc. Fr, 11. xciv. 418 A woman, and ac- 
quainted with all the weakness and delicacies of the sex. 

14. A nicety, a refinement. 

1789 Stokes Let. in Pettigrew Mem. Lettsom (1817) II. 
402 In these delicacies we wish to be confirmed or corrected 
by those who are real s in the professi 1876 
Freeman Norm, Cong. V. xxiv. 524 To disregard the gram- 
matical delicacies of the written language. 

Delicate (delikt), a. and sb. Forms: 4-6 
delicat, 5 -caat, 5-6 de-, dylycate, 6 Sv. diligat, 
4- delicate. [ad. L. dé/icat-us, -a, -um alluring, 
charming, voluptuous, soft, tender, dainty, effemi- 
nate, etc. ; reinforced by later F. dé/icat (15th c. in 
Hatzfeld), ‘daintie, pleasing, prettie, delicious, 
tender, nice, effeminate, of a weake complexion’ 
(Cotgr.); inmod.F. ‘of exquisite fineness’ (Hatzf.): 
cf. Pr. and Cat. delicat, Sp. delicado, It. delicato. 
The native repr. of L. dé/icatus in OF. was delié 
‘fine, slender, delicate’: see DELIE. 

(The etymology of L. dé/icd¢us appears to be quite un- 
certain: several distinct suggestions are current. Even the 
primary sense is doubtful; but, if not originally connected 
with délicig (DELIce), it seems to have been subsequently 
assdciated therewith. The word had undergone consider- 
able development of meaning already in ancient Latin; in 
Romanic it received further extension in the line of meaning 
‘dainty, tenderly fine, slender, slight, easily affected or 
hurt’; these Latin and Romanic senses have at various 
times been adopted in English, often as literal adaptations 
of the Latin word in the Vulgate, etc.; and the history of 
the word here is involved and difficult to trace. The follow- 
ing arrangement is more or less provisional.)] 

I. Senses more or less = various uses of DaINtTy a, 

1. Delightful, charming, pleasant, nice. ‘+a, 
gen. Obs. 

1382 Wycuir /sa. lviii. 13 If thou. .clepist a delicat sabot 
{1388 clepist the sabat delicat, Vulg. wocaveris sabbatum 
delicatum, 1611 call the sabbath a delight]. ¢ 1400 MAUNDEV,. 
(1839) v. 39 Anoynted with delicat thinges of swete smelle. 
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 2560 The Worde of god 
was moost delycate seruyse. 1553 Even 7 reat. Newe nd, 
(Arb.) 15 Delicate thinges. .that may encrease the pleasures 
of this lyfe. 1665 Sim T. Hersert Trav. (1677) 175 
A spacious Garden, which was curious tothe eye and delicate 
to the smell. 1683 THorrssy Diary 4 Apr., To Biggles- 
worth where is nothing haps pet a delicate new Inn. 
1 Dameter Voy, 1. xvi. 458 Which our Carpenters after- 
ae altered, and made a delicate Boat fit for any 
service. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist, Drugs 1, 152 A ravishing 
Smell..as strong as that of the Quince, but much more 
delicate. 1791 Cowrer Retired Cat 60 Cried Puss ‘..Oh 
what a delicate retreat! I will resign myself to rest’, 

b. Of food, ete. : Pleasing to the palate, dainty, 
€ 1380 Wyciir JVs. (1880) 13 Delicat metis and drynkis. 
1514 Barctay Cyt. § Uplondyshm, (Percy Soc.) p. xlvi, 
‘Then cometh dishes moste swete & delicate. 1535 CoverDALE 
Ecclus, xxix. 22 Better is it to haue a poore ynge ina 
mans owne house, then delicate fayre amonge the straunge. 
1624 Be, Hart Lem, Wks. (1660) 18 Let the drink be never 
so delicate and well-spiced. 17005. L. tr. /ryke's Voy. E. 1nd. 
21 A very good Dinner of Meat .. and Cheese, and delicate 
Beer. 1760-72 tr. Yuan § Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) 1. 79 Some of 
them [dishes] are so delicate, that foreigners are no less 
pleased with them, than the gentlemen of the country. 
1845 M. Pattison “ss, (1889) I. 22 Not to take delight in 
delicate meats. 1853 J. H. Newman //ist, Sh. (1876) IL. 
1. i. 40 Horseflesh was the most delicate of all the Tartar 
viands in the times we are now considering. 
+e. Said of the air, climate, or natural features, 


are given as a compliment. 

+11. Fastidiousness; squeamishness. Ods. 

1 Pore Odyss. x1x. 397 The delicacy of your court! 
train To wash a wretched wand'rer wou'd disdain, past 
Mrs. Grirritn tr, Viaud's Shipwreck 104 It was almost 
come to a state of putrefaction, but hunger no delicacy ; 
so having broiled it [etc.]. 1793 Beppors Math. Evid. 118 
The common old thin 4to. is not adapted to modern deli- 
cacy in books, : haa 

I, 12. A thing which gives delight ; something 
delightful. arch. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 24 [To] beleeve that 
.. Our very senses are partakers of every delicacie in them 
contained. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 197 These 
delicacies and spirituall delights, 1609 Bint (Douay) /sa. 
li. 3 He wil make her desert as delicacies [Wyctir delices]. 
a 1 TayLor Holy Living(1727) 242 God .. encourages 
our duty with .. ible pl and delicacies in prayer. 
1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 526 These delicacies of Taste, Sight, 
Smell, Herbs, Fruits, & Flours, Walks, and the melodie of 
Birds. 1882 Srevenson New Avad. Nts, (1884) 22 The 
President's compan is a delicacy in itself. 

b. esp. Something that gratifies the palate, a 
choice or dainty item of food ; a dainty. 


¢ 1450 Loneticn Grail ly. 270 The — .. weren Repleyn- 
delecasyes. 1596 


+. with alle Maner Metes 


is d to be a verye delicate water. . Day Eng. 
Secretary 1. (1625) 26 A soile delicate .. for the aire, and 
leasant for the situation. 1605 Suaxs., AZacé, 1. vi. 10 
here they much breed, and haunt: I have obseru’d The 
ayre is delicate, 1622 Dravton Poly-olb, xxi, (1748) 339 
Apurer stream, a delicater brook, Bright Phebus in his course 


_ 1853 Brenve Q. Curtius Liv, The agi A is which 


doth scarcely overlook. 1 AMPIER Vay, (1729) I. 485 
Talnee veal fen wear (Chorah o dclieuts raelet Meat 
1700 Concreve in Lett. Lit, Men ( 


Camden’ 298 We had 
a lon but delicate weather. uGENT Gr. 
Tour p 141 There is a small arm of the sea, and another 
delicate country joining to it. 1789 G. Wurre Sedéorne xxiii, 
(1853) 94 The sun broke out into a warm delicate day, 

+d, Delightful from its beauty; dainty to be- 
hold; lovely, graceful, elegant. Ods. 

1583 Semrite Leg. BP. St. Andrews 1023 Ane diligat 
[v. ~. deligat] gowne..he send him. 1604 Suaxs. OFA. 
i. iii, 20 She’s a most exquisite Lady .. Indeed she’s a 
most fresh and delicate creature. 1632 Lrrucow 7rav. vi. 

appell under the ground. x Everyn Mem. (1857) 1. 
28 Waetinen isa vety Galette town, and hath one  f the 
fairest churches of the Gothic design I had ever seen, 
1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 1. 367 Oxford .. is a most 
delicate and beautiful City. 

+2. Characterized by pleasure or sensuous de- 


light; luxurious, voluptuous, effeminate. Ods. 


a 


s, All prompting mee how faire Hero 
is. 1737 Wuiston Fosephus’ “Antiq. xvil. xii. § 7 Selene of 
body. .derived from his deli and education. 


+b. Of persons: Given to pleasure or luxury ; 
luxurious; sumptuous. Ods, 
1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 393 Moore delicaat, moore 
aga of array, Moore was neuere Em; than 
e. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 34 He was eke so Of his 
clothing, that every day Of purpure and bisse he made him 


gay. ¢ #i . Parv. 117 Del or lycorowse, 
Selicatus te Pitre c Mirour Saluacioun 1538 Now 
glutterie is y* vice y* the feend first temptis man inne, ffor 
rathere a man delicat than abstynent in synne. 1535 
CoverDALe Amos vi. (headii He reproueth the welthy, 
ydyll and delicate people. 3 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3), 
Delicate, daintie, giuen to pleasure. 1640 Hapincton //ist. 
Edw, IV 196 (Trench) The most delicate voluptuous 
princes have ever been the heaviest oppressors of the people. 

+3. Self-indulgent, loving ease, indolent. Ods. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Loeth. tv. vii. 149 O 3¢ slowe and delicat 
men, whi fley 3e aduersites and ne fy3ten nat a3eins hem by 
vertue. 1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle m. ix. (1483) 56 Suche folke 
haue ben soo delycate and lothe to good werkes. 1533 
More Dedell, Salem Pref. Wks. 931/1 Many men are now 
~ so delicate in reading, and so lothe to laboure. 

‘omson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 102/2 They which will be 
delicate, & persuade themselues y* they shal not suffer much 
trouble in doing their dutie faithfully. 1601 CornwALLyes 
Ess. xii, He made choyse rather of a slow delicate people, 
then of spirits of more excellency. 

+4. Tenderly or softly reared, not robust; 
dainty; effeminate. Ods. or arch. 

_ Wycur Deut. xxviii. 56 A tendre womman and a 
delicate, the which the erthe my3te not go, ne fitch 


a da 
1579 


the stap of the foot, for softnes and moost tendrenes. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) b, The delycate persone 
Aurelio & /sab, 


that can suffre no payne in ys 
(1608) E viij, And well that [=d7en gue] the grete colde - 
trethe youre delicat fleshes. [Of women). 1602 Suaxs. Ham, 
1v, iv. 48 Witness this army..Led by a delicate and tender 
prince. 161z Binte Yer. vi. 2, I haue likened the daughter 
of Zion to a comely and delicate [Coverp. fayre and tendre} 
woman. 1688 S. Penton Guardian's Instr. 56 This was 
the unhappi of a deli Youth, whose great misfor- 
tune it was to be worth Two Thousand a Year before he 
was One and Twenty, ; . 

+5. Fastidious, particular, nice, dainty. Ods, 

1568 Grarton Chron. II. 88 He was more delicate and 
deyntie than became a person being so homel 
1649 Br. Reynoips Serm. Hosea Epist. 1, 1 
pl ss, as might cc d the matter delivered rather to 
the Conscience of a Penitent, then to the fancy of a delicate 
hearer. 1673 Rules of Civility 109 people being so 
delicate, they will not eat after a man has eat with his 
Spoon and not. wi it. 1712 SteeLe Sfect. No. 493 P 
You, who are delicate in the choice of your friends ne 
domestics. 1 ounson Lett. Mrs. Thrale 21 , The 
only things of which we, or travellers yet more delicate, 
could find any —— tocomplain. 1796 Morse Amer. 
Geog. 11. 561 ‘They are delicate in no part of their dress 
but in their hair. F 

II. Fine: not coarse, not robust, not rough, 

not gross. 

6. Exquisitely or beautifully fine in texture, make, 
or finish ; onset aay slender, or slight. 

1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Hus. ut, (1586) 140 Cham 
Feeldes and Downes, are for the delicatest and 


with such 


woolled S! . 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's A/rica us. 237 Their 
women are white, having blacke haires and a most delicate 
skin, 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7yav. 190 The +. Weare 
little clothing, save what is thin and delicate. — 1756 Burke 

vine, 


Sudl. & Bw. xvi, It is the delicate myrtle .. it 
hic! . beauti 1800 tr 


cate needles. . Neat Bro. han (11.175 The 
delicate ph hed saps Lowett Study 


bosom 
Wind, (1 38 Delicatest sea-ferns. 
b, Fine or exquisite in quality or nature. 

@1533 Lo, Berners Gold. Bk. M, Aurel. (1546) M vij b, 
Such as are of a delicate bloudde, haue not soo much sol- 
licitude as the rustical 1610 Suaks. Temp. 1. ii. 272 
Thou wast a Spirit too To act her earthy, and 
abhord commands, _@ 1631 Donne: Paradoxes (1652) 47 Nor 
is it because the delicatest blood hath the best spirits. 1794 
S. Wittiams Vermont 119 Like most of our delicate pleasures 
it is not to be enj ut in the cultivated state, 1858 
Hawrtnorne Fr. & /t. Yrnis. (1872) 1. 9 All the dishes were 
very 1863 Gro. Exvtor Romola u. vi, The meats 
were likely to be delicate, the wines choice. 1886 Ruskin 
Preterita I. vi. 186 My father liked delicate cookery, just 
because he was one of the smallest and rarest eaters. 

¢. Fine in workmanship; finely or exquisitely 
constructed. 

1756 J. Warton Ess. Pope (1782) I. vi. 301 My chief reason 
for quoting these delicate lines. 1870 Emerson Soc, 4 Sodit. 
Clubs Wks. (Bohn) III. 9t We are delicate i and 
require nice treatment to get from us the im of 
power and pleasure. s 

d. Of colour: Of a shade which is not strong or 
glaring ; soft, tender, or subdued. 
1822 , es Poems, Lillian 1, 12 And wings of a warm and 
delicate hue, Like rail oe of a deep carnation. 1860 
Tynvatt Glac, 1. xi. 83 hole .. fin] the snow was filled 


witha 
7. So fine or as to be little noticeable or 


difficult to appreciate ; subtle in its fineness. 


DELICATE. 


Drvyven St. Evremont's Ess. 120 He leaves to be 
discerned a delicate inclination for the Conspirators. 
Dryven Fadles Pref. (Globe) 498 The French have a high 
value for them [turns of words] .. they are often what they 
call delicate, when they are introduc’d with judgment. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 71 Catharine often told the king 
plainly what the Protestant lords of the council only dared 
to hint in the most delicate phrases. 1855 Bain Senses 
§ Int. u. i. § 23 Discrimination of the most delicate differ- 
ences is an indispensable qualification. 

8. So fine or tender as to be easily damaged ; 
tender, fragile ; easily injured or spoiled. 

7 Titney Disc. Mariage E ij b, A good name.. is so 
delicate a thing ina woman, that she must not onely be 
good, but likewise must apeere so. 1604 SHAKs. O¢/. 1. ii. 

Thou hast .. Abus’d her delicate Youth, with Drugs or 
Minerals. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 192 The Nectarine 
and like delicate mural-Fruit. 1834 Mrepwin Angler in 
Wadles 1. 75 But they [trout] are so delicate that they will 
not keep, and must be eaten the day they are killed. 1893 
H. Dauziet Dis. Dags (ed. 3) 104 It [cropping] is cruel .. in 
exposing one of the most delicate organs to the effects of 
cela, wet, sand, and dirt. ; . 

b. Tender or feeble in constitution; very sus- 
ceptible to injury; liable to sickness or disease ; 
weakly, not strong or robust. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 291 If he be a delicat man or a 
feble drie hem with fumygaciouns maad of pulpa coloquin- 
tada. 1574 HeELLowrs Gueuara’s Kam. Ep. (1577) 184 The 
old man is delicate and of small strength. 1665 Sir T. 
Hersert hig ey A 164 The excess [in bathing] doubtless 
weakens the gee A making it soft and delicate, and sub- 
ject tocolds. 1789 W. Bucuan Dom. Med. (1790) 93 Robust 
persons are able to endure either cold or heat better than 
the delicate. 1855 Macautay Ast. Eng. IV. 532 The 
Pringess..was then in very delicate health. 1893 H. Dat- 
ziEL Dis. Dogs (ed. 3) 73 Dogs of a delicate constitution and 
unused to rough it, 3 

9. fig. Presenting points which require nice and 
skilful handling; critical; ticklish. 

1742 Hume Ess, Parties Gt. Brit. init., The just balance be- 
tween the republican and monarchical part of our constitu- 
tion is really, in itself, so extremely delicate and uncertain, 
that [etc.], 1777 Burke Let. Sheriffs Bristol Wks. 1842 1. 
215 These delicate points ought to be wholly left to the 
crown, 1 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 215, I informed him 
it was a delicate affair, advising him to say nothing about 
it. 1803 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. II. 8, I saw clearly 
that Amrut Rao’s situation was delicate. 1860 Moriry 
Netherl. (1868) I. vii. 443 His mission was a delicate one. 

III. Endowed with fineness of appreciation or 
execution. 

10. Exquisitely fine in power of perception, feel- 
ing, sppecetion, etc. ; finely sensitive. 

ay. D. Berners Gold. Bk. Me Aurel. (1546) E iij, He 
was but of tender age, and not of great delycate vnderstand- 
ynge, 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 94 b, To 
their delicate eares to heare what men saie, they Tlacke [etc.]. 
‘¢1680 Bevertnce Serm. (1729) I. 338 Then our minds .. 
would be always kept in so fine, so delicate a temper. 1711 
STEELE Sect. No, 2 2 A very delicate Observer of what 
occurs to him in the present World, 1856 Ruskin JZod. 
Paint. IV. v. v.§ 5 A delicate ear rejoices in the slighter and 
more modulated passages of sound. 1875 Manninc A/ission 
H. Ghost i. 26 Let us learn then to have a delicate conscience. 

b. Of instruments: So finely made or adjusted 
as to be responsive to very slight influences; finely 
sensitive. 

1822 Imison Sc. § Art I. 34 Very delicate balances are not 
only useful in nice experiments [etc.]. 1849 Mrs. Somer- 
VILLE Connect, Phys. Sc. xxxvi. 386 A structure so delicate 
that it would have made the hundredth part of a degree 
evident. 187r B. Srewart //eat § 193 Our instruments are 
doubtless very delicate, but .. the most refined apparatus 
is far less sensitive for dark heat than the eye is for light. 

11. Endowed with exquisitely fine powers of ex- 
pression or execution ; finely skilful. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie i. viii. (Arb.) 33 Horace the 
most delicate of all the Romain Lyrickes. 1604 Suaks. O¢h. 
Iv. i. 199, I do but say what she is: so delicate with her 
needle : an admirable Musitian. 1611 TourNeur A th, Trag. 
u, i. Wks. 1878 I. 42 O thou’rt a most delicate, sweete, 
eloquent villaine, 1780 Cowrer Tad/e T. 653 Pope .. (So 
nice his ear, so delicate his touch) Made poetry a mere me- 
chanic art. 1884 Public Opinion 11 July 52/1 The artist is at 
his best, at his elicatest and subtlest, in his water-colours. 

+b. Characterized by skilful action; finely in- 
genious. Obs, 

1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 76 An other 
more delicater way he speaketh of, which is .. laying the 
braunches in baskettes of earth .. obtaining Rootes hetwixte 
the very fruite and the toppes. 1605 Suaxks. Lear iv. vi. 
188 It were a delicate ——. to shoo A aavere of Horse 
with Felt, 1673 R. Heap Canting Acad. 11 The Budge it 
is a delicate trade. 

12. Finely sensitive to what is becoming, proper, 
or modest, or to the feelings of others. 

1634 Sir ‘I, Hersert 7vav, 103 Her .. admirable beautie, 
a delicate spirit, sweet behaviour and charitable acts surpass- 
ing child-hood, 172 Tickett Life of Addison in Whs., Mr. 
Addison. .was..too delicate to take any part of that [praise] 
which belonged to others, 1768 SteRNE Sent. Yourn. (1778) 
IL. 201 (Case of Delicacy) We were both too delicate to com- 
municate what we felt to each other upon the occasion. 1836 
J. Gitpert Chr, A tonem. ix. (1852) 260 Aj ces of a 
just ground for the imputation are so unambiguous that it 
were treason to truth to be delicate. 

b. Of actions, etc.: Showing or characterized 
by feelings of delicacy or modesty. 

1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. Jndia II. ww. vii. 242 All parties re- 
commended .a delicate and liberal treatment. 1832 Hr. 
Martineau Ela of Gar. viii. 102 It would not have been 
delicate, I warrant, Mr. Angus, 1887 F. M. Crawrorp 
P. Patoff 11. 83 It was evident from her few words and from 

Vo, III, 


161 


the blush which accompanied them that this was a delicate 
subject. 

V. Comb., as delicate-footed, -handed, -looking 
adjs. 

1855 Tennyson Mazd 1. viii. 11 The snowy banded, dilet- 
tante Delicate-handed priest. 1870 Bryant //ad I. 1x. 293 
A delicate-footed dame. 

B. sb. 

+1. a. One addicted to a life of luxury. b. One 
who is dainty or fastidious in his tastes. Ods. 

1382 Wyctir /sa. xlvii. 8 Now here thou these thingus, 
thou delicat, and dwellende trosteli. 1382 — Baruch iv. 26 
My delicatis [Vulg. delicati mei] or nurshid in delicis, 
walkiden sharp weies. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 361 
(R.) If Lucullus were not a waster and a delicate given to 
belly-cheare. 1709 Appison 7atler No. 148 ? 4 The Rules 
among these falee Delicates are to be as Contradictory as 
they can be to Nature. 

2. A thing that gives pleasure (usually in f/.): 
+a. gen. A luxury, delight. Ods. 

¢1450 tr. De /iitatione 1, xxiv, Than shal pe flesshe pat 
hap ben in affliccion, ioy much more ban he pat hab be 
norisshed in delicats. 1489 Caxton /aytes of A, U1. xix. 
211 For to knowe and acquyre connyng scolers haue lefte 
and layde asyde ryhesses, delicates and al eases of body. 
1539 Cranmer in Strype L/fé 11. (1694) 247 Such as. .repute 
for their chief delicates the disputation of high questions. 
1593 SHaks. 3 //ex. VJ, uv. 51. 1598 Barckiey Felic. Many. 
(1603) 345 ‘The pompe and delicates used by the great estates 
of other ages. 1637 Rutnerrorp Le?t, (1862) I. 247 There 
is no reason that His comforts be too cheap, seeing they are 
delicates. 1742 Younc Nt. 7’. viii. 819 Her nectareous cup, 
Mixt up of delicates for ev'ry sense. 

b. A choice viand; a dainty, delicacy. 

1480 Merlin 6 Yef we hadde but a mossell brede, we 
haue more ioye and delyte than ye haue with alle the 
delicatys of the worlde. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 
70b, To be admytted to the kynges owne table, and to taste 
of his deyntyue delycates. 1650 W. BrovGcu Sacr. Princ. 
(1659) 226 Hunger cooks all meats to delicates. 1676 SHap- 
WELL Virtuoso 11, Cheshire-cheese..seems to be a great 
delicate to the palate of this animal. 1710 STEELE 7atler 
No. 251 P 4 Reflections..which add Delicates to the Feast 
of a good Conscience. 31820 Keats Eve St. Agues xxxi, 
These delicates he heap’d with glowing hand On golden 
dishes. 1870 Morris Zarthly Par. 1.1. 204 And many such 
a delicate As goddesses in old time ate. 


+e. Of a person: The delight, joy, darling. Obs. 


rare—*. 

153 Eryor Gov. 1. xxiv, The Emperour Titus..for his 
lernynge and vertue, was named the delicate of the wi rlde 
[amor et delicie humani generis). 

+ Delicate, v. rare. Ods. 
To render delicate. 

1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banguet (ed. 2) 69 They doe 
dillicate and mollifie the flesh. 

Hence De'licated ff/. a. 

18st Mrs. Browninc Casa Guidi Windows 125 These 
delicated muslins rather seem Than be, you think? 

Delicately (delikétli), adv. [f. DenicarE a. + 
-LY 2.) In a delicate manner. - 

+1. In a way that gratifies the senses, esp. the 
palate; sumptuously, luxuriously; daintily, fasti- 
diously. Ods. 

1377 Lanat. P. P2. B. v. 184 Drynke nou3te ouer delicatly 
ne to depe noyther, /d7d. B. xiv. 250 He .. doth hym nou3te 
dyne delycatly ne drynke wyn oft. 1435 Misyn Fire of Lowe 
26 pat I wald not abyde bot wher I myght be delicately 
fed. 1555 Even Decades 117 Bores fleshe wherwith they 
fedde them selues dilycately. 1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist. 
292 You have received mee honorably, sumptuously and 
delicatly,  16rx Bipte x 7%. v. 6 She that liueth in plea- 
sure [sargin, delicately]is dead while she liueth. 1650 Jer, 
‘Taytor Holy Living ii. § 1.57 Eat not delicately or nicely. 

b. With enervating or weakening luxury or in- 
dulgence ; effeminately, tenderly. 

1382 Wycuir Prov, xxix. 21 Who delicatli [delicate] fro 
childhed nurshith his seruaunt, afterward shal feelen hym 
vnobeisaunt. 1852 Hutoet, Delicately, Zaute, olliler, 
muliebriter. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Char. Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 58 The young coxcombs of the Life Guards deli- 
cately brought up. 1893 H. Dauziet Dis. Dogs (ed. 3) 28 Not 
so liable to attacks of cold as the more delicately reared. 

2. +a. Ina way that gives pleasure or delight ; 
delightfully, beautifully (0ds.). b. ‘With soft 
elegance’ (J.) ; with exquisite or graceful fineness, 
softness, etc. Opposed to coarsely. 

15) Howtnsuep Jredand an. 1535 (R.) He was .. deli- 
catelie in each limb featured. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. [ndia 
&P. 199 The Moors build with Stone and Mortar .. making 
small shew without, but delicately contrived within. 1735 
Pore Zp. Lady 43 Ladies .. ’Tis to their Changes half their 
charms we owe; Fine by defect, and delicately weak. 
1760-72 tr. Fuan § Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) 1. 54 The fox here 
is not much big er than a large cat; but delicately shaped. 
x82x Crare Vill. Minstr. 11. 61 Ye cowslips, delicately pale. 
1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. II. 407 The more delicately or- 
ganised mind of Halifax. 1876 Gro. Exior Dan. Der. III, 
xxxv. 39 The delicately-wrought foliage of the capitals. 

3. Softly, lightly; with light or delicate touch, 
gently; with delicacy of feeling. Opposed to 
roughly. 

16x Biste x Sam. xv. 32 And Agag came vnto him deli- 
cately [Coverp. tenderly, Gezev. pleasantly]. 1677 S. Lee 
Triumph of Mercy in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cv. 19-21 
Joseph’s feet were hurt in irons, to fit him to tread more 
delicately in the King’s Palace. 1825 J. Neat Bro. Yona- 
than III, 318 Death in his great mercy. .had breathed upon 
it very delivaratye 1845, M Parrison Ess. (1889) I. 19 ‘The 
thorny subject which they were delicately shunning in their 
conversation. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 411 Blame 
which, though delicately expressed, was perfectly- intel- 


[f. DELICATE a.] 


' ligible. 


DELICIATE, 


4. In a way that is sensitive or responsive to the 
slightest influences; sensitively; with nice exactness. 
t Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom. Forest i, Whose mind was 
delicately sensible to the beauties of nature. 1793 BEppors 
Calculus 195 The least degree of heat then produces the 
most violent effects upon the fibres thus delicately irritable. 
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xx. 179 A very delicately- 
balanced scale of etiquette. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1. 
187 How delicately the adjustment of the pressure can be 
made with this apparatus. 

Delicateness (de‘likctnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being delicate, delicacy. 
The opposite of voughness, coarseness, grossness. 

1530 PALsGr. 212/2 Delycatenesse, /friandise. 1552 HuLort, 
Delicatenes, sollicia, mollicies, muliebritas. 1555 EDEN 
Decades 49 Vhey fynde the lyke softenes or delicatenes to 
bee in herbes. — 1898 Stow S77v. x. (1603) 80 They which 
delight in delicatenesse may be satisfied with as delicate 
dishes there as may be found elsewhere. 1611 Bist Deut. 
xxviii. 56 The tender and delicate woman .. which would 
not aduenture to set the sole of her foote vpon the ground, 
for delicatenesse and tendernesse. 1670-98 Lassets Joy. 
Italy Pref. 19 Any young traveller should leave behind him 
.. all delicateness and effeminateness. 1678 7rans. Crt. 
Spain 21 The delicateness of our Young Prince suffered him 
not to bear the Fatigue. 1727 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. 
Epilepsy, Young Children are more subject to the Falling- 
Sickness .. by Reason of the Delicateness of the Nerves. 
1873 Daily News 21 Aug., To borrow the delicateness of 
{this] French idiom. 

|| Delicatesse (delikate's). [mod.F. dicatesse 
(1564 in Hatzf.\, f. déicat DELICATE: cf. It. ded7- 
catezza, and older pop. F. words like justesse, 
vilesse, etc.] Delicacy. 

1698 VansrucH Prov. Wife 1. ii, 150 But I have too much 
délicatesse to make a practice on’t. 1704 Swirt 7. Tud ii. 
40 All which required abundance of fizesse and delicatesse 
to manage with advantage. 1706 Farquuar Aecruit. OF: 
Epil., The French found it a little too rough for their de/7- 
catesse. 1854 Syp. Donett Balder xxv. 186 Let delicatesse 
Weave his thin cuticle, and mesh him in. 

+ De‘licative, ¢. Ods. In 5 delycatyf. [a. 
OF. delicatif, -2ve, dainty, exquisite.] Of the nature 
of delicacies; dainty. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) V. iii. 337 b/2 
Seche no metes ouer delycyous ne delycatyf. 

+ De-licatude. Obs. rare. ICATENESS. 

1727 BaiLey II, Dedicatude, deliciousness. 1775 in AsH. 

+ Delice. O/s. Forms: 3-7 delice, 3-6 -yce, 
4 -ijss, 5 -is, -ys, -yse ; 7/. 3-7 delices, 4-5 -icis, 
4 -icys, 5 -yeys, 5-6 -yces. [a. OF. delice masc. 
iL. délictum, and OF. delices fem. pl. :—L. déliciv, 
-as, delight, pleasure, charm; f. délicére to allure, 
entice, delight. (The L. words have the form of 
the neuter sing. and fem. pl. of an adj. *deicius 
charming, alluring. .L. had also the fem. sing. 
délicta, whence It. delizta, Sp., Pg. delicda delight. ] 

1. Delight, pleasure, joy, enjoyment. 

ax2z5 Ancr. R. 340 Vor his delices, he seid, beod forto 
wunien per. ‘Et delicie mee cum filiis hominum.’  138z 
Wycurr Gen. ii. 8 The Lord God had plawntid paradise of 
delice fro bigynnyng. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 11. xxviii, 
Causinge the ayre enuyron be delyse To resemble a very 
paradyse. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 96 Pe delis of endles 
lufe. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 174 In thy delyces holy 
mother of God. 1614 T. Avams Devil's Banguct 3 If she 
discouers the greene and gay flowers of delice. 1656 JER. 
Taytor in Four C. Eng. Lett. 104 My delices were really 
in seeing you severe and unconcerned. 1685 E . Mrs. 
Godolphin 47 The love of God and delices of Religion. 

b. spec. Sensual or worldly pleasure; voluptu- 
ousness, 

a1225 Ancr. R. 368 pet heo gleowede & gomede .. & 
liuede in delices? 1340 Ayend. 24 Pe guodes of hap byeb 
he3nesses, richesses, delices, and prosperites. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER 
Pars, T, ® 133 For certis delices ben be appetites of by fyue 
wittes. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 50 Take 3e Cristes crosse, 
he saith, and counte we delices claye. 1532 More Con/i?. 
Tindale Wks. 535/2 Paule sayde of wanton wiedowes, that 
the wiedow which liueth in delyces, is dead euen whyle she 
liueth. 1669 GALE Crt. Gentiles 1. 11. x. 106 No smooth and 
effeminate delices for itching ears. 

2. Something that affords pleasure ; a delight. 

14.. Pol. Rel. §& L. Poents (1866) 248 To don hym sorwe 
was here delys [vie prys]. 1564 Hawarp Eutropius vit. 

Hee was called the love and delices of mankynde. oe 
vELYN tr. Freart’s Archit. Ep. Ded. 15 S. Germain’s an 
Versailles, which were then the ordinary residence and de- 
lices of the King. 1779 Swinpurne 77av. Spain xxxiv. (1), 
Zehra, with all its delices, is erased from the face of the earth. 

b. A dainty, delicacy. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 195b/1 She had no thynge but 
barly brede and sometyme benes, the whiche. .she ete for alle 
delyces, 1 Buttes Dyets drie Dinner Aaviij, There 
with Cates, Delices, Tabacco, Mell. 1652 C. B. Stapy.ton 
Herodian 91 Whence..many Fragrant Spices Are brought 
to us, as rare and choise Delices. 

{| Spenser stresses de‘/ices, perhaps by confusion 


with DELICTEs. 

1590-6 SPENSER F. Q. 11. v. 28 And now he has pourd out 
his ydle mynd In daintie delices, and lavish joyes. /bid. 
1v. x. 6 An island strong, Abounding all with delices most 
rare. bid. v. iii. 40. 


+ Deli-ciate, v. Ods. rare. [Formed after OF. 
délicter (12-16th c.), “rans. to rejoice, vefl, to enjoy 
gneself, feast, med.L. ad@licéar to feast, f. L. délicia, 
-w: see DELICE, and -aTE3,] : 

1. intr. To take one’s pleasure, enjoy oneself, 
revel, luxuriate. 

1633 A. H. Partheneia Sacra 18 (R.) When ro is dis- 


= DE 


DELICIES. 


— to deliciate with her minions, 1678 Cupwortn Jnte//. 
st, 811 These Evil Demons therefore did as it were Deli- 
and Epicurize inthem. 
2. trans. To fill with delight, render delightful, 
delight. 

: R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 77, 1 perceive you dis- 
ordered, but not much deliciated. /é/d. 122 Whilst the 

. birds harmoniously deliciat the air. 


+ De'licies, sd. 77. Obs.rare. [ad. L. délicix, 
-as: cf, Dewicr.] = Detices, delights; joys; 
dainties. 

1597 1st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ut. mi. iv. 1355 Inspire 
me streight with some rare delicies, Or Ile d thee 
from thy radiant coach. 1 Wackincton Oft. Glass 9 
Charon and Atropos are com'd to call me away from my 
delicies. 

+ Deliciosity. O/s. rare. In § -iosite, 
siousite, diliciousite. [f. Drxicious or its L. 
or Fr. equivalent. A med.L. *aé/icidsitas and OF. 
*deliciouseté were prob. used, though not yet re- 
gistered.] The quality of being delicious, or of 
affording delight; concr. something in which this 
quality is embodied; a delicacy, a luxury. 

c 1440 Gesta Rom. \xiii. 274 (Harl. MS.) To abide still 
with pe deliciousites. /é7d., As ofte as the flessh is overcome 
with diliciousites, ¢ 1449 Pecock Refr. 255 To speke and 
write tho wordis in sum gaynes and bewte or in sum deli- 
ciosite. | z Lodi’ 

Delicious (dili-fos), z. Also 4-6 -yci-, -icy-, 
-ycy-, -ous, -owse, dilicious(e, 5 dylycy-, 6 de- 
licius, di-, 6-7 delitious, 7 delishous, [a. OF. 
and Anglo-Fr. de/ictous (later F. delicteus, -eux) = 
Pr. delicios, Sp. delicioso, It. delizioso, ad. late L. 
délicios-us delicious, delicate (Augustine), f. L. dé- 
dicta, -e: see DELICE and -ous.] 

1. Highly pleasing or delightful ; affording great 
pleasure or enjoyment. 

In mod. use, usually less dignified than ‘delightful’, and 
expressing an intenser degree and lower quality of pleasure. 

¢ 1300 K. Adis. 38 Theo wondres, of worm and best, Deli- 
ciouse hit is to lest. ¢1374 Cuaucer Soeth, 1, iii. 36 Pise 
ben faire binges .. and only while pei ben herd®.bei ben de- 
liciouse. ¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. /1ist, (Camden) I. 20 
Plenti of delicius rivers, pleasauntlie wateringe there feldes. 
1632 Litncow 7'rav. v. 222 A Delicious incircling Harbour, 
inclos'd within the middle of the Towne. a@1661 FULLER 
Worthies (1840) 111, 283 [Guy’s Cliff] a most delicious place, 
so that a man in many miles riding cannot meet so much 
variety, as there one furlong doth afford. 1742 Cot.ins 
Fclog. i. 24 Each gentler ray, delicious to your eyes. 1824 
Disp Libr. Comp. 611 A delicious array of Miltonic trea- 
sures, 31861 O'Curry JS. Materials Anc. Irish Hist. 263 
‘The delicious strains of the harp. 1879 Farrar St. Pan/ 
(1883) 349 A green delicious plain, 

. Intensely amusing or entertaining. 

1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. viii. Wks. (1847) 92/1 Deli- 
cious! he had that whole Bevie at command whether in 
Morrice or at May-pole; whilst I... left so impoverish’d 
of what to say, as to turn my Liturgy into my Lady’s 
Psalter. 185r Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. App. 362 The 
strut of the foremost cock, lifting one leg at right angles to 
the other, is delicious. 1853 KincsLey //yfatia vi. (1879) 71 
A delicious joke it would have been. 

2. Highly pleasing or enjoyable to the bodily 
senses, ésp. to the taste or smell ; affording exquisite 
sensuous or bodily pleasure. 

1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. aside savour sal be ful plen- 
teuouse, And swa swete and swa delicious. ¢ 1400 MAuNDEV. 
(Roxb.) xv. 71 Ane ober maner of drinke gude and delicious. 
c1440 York Myst. xxix. 76 Itt is licoure full delicious. 
¢ 1532 Dewes /xtrod, Fr. in Palsgr. 921 A quyete slepe is 
right necessary and delycious. 1548 Hai Chron. 230b, 
In the same delicious climate. 1634 Sir'‘T. Hersert 7rav. 
183 Bananas or Plantanes. .the fruite. . gives a most delicious 
taste and rellish. 1667 Mitton 7. L. 11. 400 The soft deli- 
cious Air, 1732 BerkeLey A/ciphr.1. §1 We walked under 
the delicious shade of these trees. 1847 Emerson XRefr. 
Men, Uses Gt. Men Wks. (Bohn) I. 274 In Valencia the 
climate is delicious, 1850 L. Hunt Autodjog, 1. x. 31 There 
is something in the word deZicious which may be said to 
comprize a reference to every species of pleasant taste. 

+3. Characterized by or tending to sensuous in- 
dulgence ; voluptuous, luxurious. Oés. 

ar Hampote Psalter ix. 6 Deliciouse affecciouns of 
flescly lust. a1450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 54 The flesshe 
is tempted by delicious metes and drinkes, the whiche bene 
leteres and kindelers of the brondes of lecherye, 1563 
Homilies u, Fasting 1.(1859) 280 An abstinence. . from all de- 
licious pleasures and delectations worldly. 1632 Lirucow 
Trav. 1. 22 Forsaking the delicious lives of the effeminate 
Affricans. 1651-3 Jer. Tavior Serm. for Year (1678) 339 
‘The habitual Intemperance which is too ly 


162 


the places ryght de- 


Caxton Chas. Gt. 19 He .. payed 
lycyously. 1747 Canre Hist. Eng. 1. 577 No cost being 
d h the g rarities, or to dress 


either to pi 
them deliciously. 1792 A. Younc 7rav. France 259 There 
was something so deliciously amiable in her character. 
E. C. Cayton Queens of pane II. 322 Her voice was in- 
variably pure, true, and deliciously sweet. 1865 Livinc- 
STONE Zambesi vy. 106 The air was deliciously cool, 
Manch, Exam. 19 Dec. 5/3 The explanation is deliciously 
grotesque. 

b. With intense delight or enjoyment, 

1696 Stannope Chr. Pattern (1711) 290 Yet does He. .im- 
portune us to sit and eat deliciously with him. —— 
upon Ridicule 239 He deliciously imbibes the Elogies that 
are given him. 1799 Soutrney Love Elegies iv, O'er the page 
of Love’s despair, My Delia bent deliciously to grieve. —_ 
Sxeat Uhlana's Poems 294 Beneath its shade he oft wou 
sit And dream deliciously. 

+ 2. Luxuriously, voluptuously, sumptuously. 

1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 207 |. 6617 Anoper spyce 
ys yn glotonye, To ete ouer delycyusly. ¢ 1349 HampoLe 
Prose Tr. iii. 6 A 3onge man..vn-chastely and delycyousel 
lyfande and full of many synnys. c¢ 1400 Rom. Rose A Sg f 
he have peraventure .. Lyved over deliciously. 1557 ie 
(Genev.) Luke xvi. 19 A certayne ryche man, which .. fared 
deliciously euery day. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. 102 The 
King .. deliciously tooke his pleasure. 1690 J. PALMER in 
Andros Tracts 1. 54 Did his Excellency lye upon Beds of 
Down, and fare Delishously every day? a 1800 Cowrer //iad 
(ed, 2) xxiv. 56 The lion .. Makes inroad on the flocks, that 
he may fare Deliciously at cost of mortal man. 

+ 3. With fondness, fondly. Ods. 

c1400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 275 b/2 She [Love] gan delici- 
ously mee comfort with sugred words. a 1440 ound. St. 
Barthol. 61 His hors, that so deliciously he louyd, and so 
negligently hadde lost. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 143 b/1 
An heremyte .. reteyned nothyng but a catte wyth whyche 
he playde ofte and helde it in his lappe delyciously. 

Deliciousness (d/li-Jasnés). 
-NESS.] 

1. The quality of being delicious, or highly 
pleasing (now es/. to the senses): see the adj. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vi. xxiii. (1495) 213 Delycy- 
ousnes of all that is sette on the borde. c 1400 Zest. Love 
Prol. (1560) 271 b/2 Many men there been, that with eeres 
openly sprad, so moch swalowen the deliciousnesse of jestes 
and of ryme. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Fud. u. vi. 12 The sweet- 
est honey Is loathsome in its owne deliciousnesse. a 1652 
J. Smitn Sed. Disc. i. 12 There is an inward sweetness and 
deliciousness in divine truth, which no sensual mind can 
taste or relish. 1751 Jounson Namdbler No. 127 ? 4 The delici- 
ousness of ease commonly makes us unwilling to return to 
labour. 1860 HAwTHoRNE Marble Faun xxiv, There was a 
deliciousness in it that eluded analysis. 

+b. (with f/.) A delight. Ods. 

1749 Br. Lavincton Enthus. Meth. & Papists (1754) 1. 57 
A Woman quite deserted, and the Vein of her Spiritual 
Deliciousnesses dried up in her Aridities. 

+2. Voluptuousness, luxuriousness, luxury. Oés. 

c 1440 Gesta Rom, 1. xxvi. 101 (Harl. MS.) He folowithe 
deliciousnes of the fleshe. 1579 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 179 
Philautys, hath giuen ouer himselfe to all deliciousnesse, 
desiring. .to be dandled in the laps of Ladyes. 1580 Nortu 
Plutarch (1676) 37 He thought..to banish out of the 
City all insolency, envy, coveto , and delicio 
1650 Jer. Tavior Holy Living (1727) 242 Do not seek for 
deliciousness and sensible consolations in the actions of 
religion. 

+ 3. Fondness for what gives pleasure. Ods. 

1548 UDALL, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke xvi. 25 So great was 
the deliciousnes of thy mouth. : 

+ Beli‘city. Os. rare. In 5 -yeyte. [A non- 
etymological formation from DELICE: see -ITY.] 
Deliciousness, delightfulness. 

c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11.72 Martha, ful [of] bewte and 
of delycyte. did. 111. 2039 And have fed me with fode of 
most delycyte. 

Delict (d/likt). [ad. L. dé/ict-um fault, offence, 
crime, prop. subst. use of neuter sing. of pa. pple. of 
délinguére to fail, commit a fault: see DEnin- 
QuENT.] A violation of law or right ; an offence, 
a delinquency. 

1§23 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 43 Their delicts 

offenses. 1594 Parsons Confer. Success, 11. ix. 209 In 
al criminal affayres and punishing of delictes. 1613 R. C. 
Table Alph, (ed. 3), Delicte, fault, small offence. 1649 Jer. 
Taytor Gt, Exemp. u. ix. 117 When the Supreme Power 
either hath not power to punish the delinquent, or may 
misse to have notice of the delict. a1734 Nortu Exam. u. 
v. § 43 (1740) 340 Whereby the pro) Officer may be 
leomght to answer for the Delict. B32 Austin Furispr. 
(1879) I, 44 Acts, forb and omi: which are viola- 
tions of rights or duties are styled delicts, injuries or offences. 
1871 Marxsy Zlem. Law § 157 i French code .. is no 

le! 


[f. as prec. + 


to festival and delicious Tables. 
+b. Of persons: Addicted to sensuous indul- 
gence; voluptuous, luxurious, dainty. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. III, 33 If that thou understode, What 
is to ben delicious, Thou woldest nought ben curious. ¢ 1450 
Mirour Saluacioun 914 Of mete nor drinke was sho neure 
yhit diliciouse. 7483. Caxton Gold. Leg. 116/2 Thyse 
monckes ben ouer de! pies 1530 PALsGr. 309/2 Delyciouse, 


daynty mouthed or delycate. 1598 Syitvester Du Barias 


u. 1. Eden (1641) 84/t Idleness .. Defiles our body, Yea | 


sobrest men it makes dilicious. 1680 Morven Geog. Rect. 
(1685) 71 ‘The Gentry are. .Costly in their A 1, Delicious 
in their Diet. 1681 W, Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 448 
A delicious mouth or pete. 

; ly (drlifasli), adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ 2.] 
In a delicious manner, 


1. So as to afford intense prem delightfully. 
ead Cuaucer Sgr.’s 7. 71 Herknyn: dase ysetiete 
hir thynges pleye Beforn hym at the deliciously, 1485 


more exp on the subject icts than Blackstone on 
the subject of civil injuries to which i 


. in Fe te delict; transl. Lat. in e 
delicto, Fr.en flagrant délit, in the very act of com- 
mitting the offence. 

{x nius Lett. \xviii. (1875) 327/1 A person. .taken i 
£ Le delicto, with the atdlen anode upon him, is not 

ailable.] 1820 Scorr /vanhoe xxxvi, Taken in the flagrant 
delict by the avowal of a crime contrary to thine oath. 1837 
Sir F. Parcrave Merch. §& Friar (1844) 121 Cases of nt 
delict .. required no other trial than the publicity .. of the 
fact. 1892 G. S, Layvarp Life C. Keene 1. 4 [She] resorted 
to all the time- means of catching scholars in 


flagrant delict. 

Delictual (d/liktival), a. rare. [f. Deior 
or L, délictum, after effectual, etc.] Of or belong- 
ing to a delict. 

1875 Poste Gaius 11. Comm, (ed. ?) 


4 { po Re eens 
Mala fide p have a del 


character, 


be Pn _ 


DELIGHT. 


+ Delie, e, a. Obs. rare. [a. F. délié 
(rth c. 2 Hatzt.), ee? cs L cee on the 
analogy of popular formations like plicatus, plié. 
(As a living word délicatus Tineke 
de? cato, Sp. delgado, Cat. and Pr. delgat, OF. delgiét, 
delgié, deljé, mod.¥. dial. deugé, dougé. A third 
and still later adaptation is dé/icat: see DeicaTE.)] 
Delicate, fine. 


c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth.1. i. 5 Her clopes weren maked of 
ry3t delye predes, c1425 Govt. Lordschipes 88 Ffor delye 


inge ys more worth greet, and bynne more worth 
ycke. [1692 Cotes, Dely, little. Old word.—Hence in Ker- 
sey, Bailey, Ash, etc.] 


eligated (de'ligeitéd), gy/.a. Surg. [f. L. 
déligat-us bound fast (see next)+-ED.] Tied with 
a ligature, as an artery. 

1840 R. Liston Elem. Surg. (ed, 2) 204 The immediate 
effect of a tightly-drawn ligature is to divide the internal 
and middle coats at the deligated point. 1859 Topp Cyc/. 
Anat. V. 330/1 With deligated salivary ducts. 

Deligation (deligé'-fon). [ad. L. *déligation- 
em, n. cf action from déligdre to bind fast, bind up, 
f. De- I. 3+/igdre to bind. Cf. mod.F. déligation 
in Surgery. In sense 2, taken in sense of med.L. 
disligare, OF. deslier, mod.F. délier to untie: see 
De- I. 6.) 

I. 1. Surg. +a. Bandaging ; a bandage. Obs. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 340 By reason of tumours 
or deligation. 1676 Wiseman Surg. (J.), The third intention 
is deligation, or retaining the parts so joined together. 1798 
W. Brair Soldier's Friend 33 Useful for the temporary de- 
ligation of wounds. 1857 Sumcason Dict. Med, 2% s.v. 
Deligation, The deligation of wounds formerly embraced 
the application of dressings, &c. ..Deligation is hardly ever 
used now as an English word. 

b. The tying of an artery, etc. with a ligature. 

1840 R. Liston Elem. Surg. u. (ed. 2) 477 For aneurism at 
the angle of the jaw, the point of deligation must in a great 
measure depend on the size of the tumour. 1884 Brarru- 
waite Retrospect Med. LXXXVIII. 22 Deligation of large 
Arteries by application of two ligatures, and division of t! 
Vessel between them. 

II. +2. An unbinding, loosening. Ods. 

1650 AsHMOLE Chym. Collect. 73 In such a Dissolution 
and naturall Sublimation, there is made a deligation of the 
Elements, A 

+ Deligature. Ods. [f. L. déligare (see prec.), 
after /igature: see -URE.] A bandage. 

1610 BarrouGu Meth, Physick ui. lii. (1639) 183 He must 
use apt and convenient deligatures and trusses. 

Deligent, obs. form of DinicEnt. 

Delight (d/leit), s+. Forms: 3-6 delit, (3 
delijt), 4-6 delyt(e, -lite, (5 delytte, 6 dellyte}, 
6- delight. [ME. de/it, a. OF. delit (-eit), (=Pr. 
deliet, Sp. delette, It. diletto), f. stem of deliter vb. - 
The etymological de/ite is found as late as 1590, 
but earlier in 16th c. it had generally been — 
planted by de/ight, an erroneous spelling after Zight, 


fight, *) 

1. The fact or condition of being delighted ; 
pleasure, joy, or gratification felt in a high degree. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 272 So sone so me .. let pene lust gon in- 
ward & delit waxen, axz2g0 Ureisun in Cott. Hom, 201 Pe 
muchele delit of pine swetnesse. ¢1340 Cursor M. 8164 
(Fairf.) Pai_hailsed him wip grete delite, ¢1386 Cuaucer 
Prol. 335 To lyuen in delit was euere his wone, For he 
was Epicurus owene sone. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk, Clar- 
ence xxxix, In study set his hole delite. 1610 Suaxs. Temp. 
m1. ii. 145 Sounds, and sweet aires, that five delight and 
hurt not. 1736 Butter Anad. 1. iii, 72 The gr ion 
itself of every natural passion must be attended with <_ ht, 
1793 CoLeripce Poems, The Rose, He gazed! he t! 
with deep delight! 1860 Tyxpatt Giac, 1. v. 38, T had read 


with delight Coleridge's poem. 
b. Phr. Zo take or have delight (in a thing, in 
doing, to do). 
+ To have delight was used as = to desire, Fr, 
avoir envie (see 


quots. 1470, 14% a P 
c1230 Hali Meid, 7 And habbed mare felt fae pen 
anie odre habbed i likinge of pe worlde. a 1300 Cursor M. 


23339 (Cott.) Bot suld pai haf a gret delite, To se setlid 
in Ny site. ¢14 enry Wadlace vin. 1626 The nobill 
king .. Had gret Selyte this Wallace for to se. Eart 


— (Caxton) Dictes 1, aaa Pt r- Oo The some 
ag istorye. Caxton G, de ‘our R delite 
that men take Pa 


Kincesmytt C 4 
in that that he doeth. ¢ 1600 Suaxs. Sonn. xxxvii. 1 As a 
decrepit father takes delight To see his active child do deeds 
of youth, 1652 J. Wricur tr. Camus’ Nature's Paradox 
12 [He] took more delight in Arms than at his Book. 
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 28 Gardening was what I 

took es in. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 184 
branch knowledge .. in which he takes the greatest 


delight. 

+ Boies delight-taking. 

1619 W. ScratTer £.xfos. 1 Thess. (1630) 468 Pleasure or 
delight-taking in the partie loued. 

2. Anything in which one takes delight, or which 
affords delight; an object of delight; a source of 
great pleasure or joy. 

a 1225 Ancr. R, 102 Pes cos .. is a swetnesse & a delit of 
heorte. 1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. Bot in his 


le our 
the Fields 


Homer's works your 1848 MacauLay 


DELIGHT. 


Hist. Eng. 1. 396 The poetry and eloquence of Greece had 
been the delight of Raleigh and Falkland. 

3. The quality (in objects) which causes delight ; 
quality or faculty of delighting ; charm, delightful- 


ness. Now only Aoet. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1199 Dido, With sadyl red en- 
broudit with delyt. Dunsar Thistle & Rose 145 No 
flour is so perfyt, So full of vertew, plesans and delyt. c 1600 
Suaks. Sonn. cii. 12 Sweets grown common lose their dear 
delight. 1662 Gerpigr Princ. 38'The Louver at Paris..with 
the delight of the annexed Tuilleries. 1804 Worpsw. Poev, 
She was a Phantom of delight When first she gleamed upon 


my si, ht. 

Delight (d7lait), v. Forms: 3-7 delite, 4-6 
delyte, (4 delytte, 4-5 dilyte, 6 delyt), 6 de- 
lyght, 6- delight. [ME. de/tte-z, a. OF. delitier 
(-lettier, -leter, -liter) = Pr., Sp. delectar, Sp., Pg. 
deleitar, It. delettare, dilettare:-L. délectare to 
allure, attract, delight, charm, please, freq. of dé/7- 
cére to entice away, allure: cf. Deticious. The 
current erroneous spelling after /igh¢, etc. arose in 
the 16th c., and prevailed about 1575: the Bible 
of 1611 occasionally retained de/zte.] 

1. trans. To give great pleasure or enjoyment to ; 
to please highly. Frequently in pass. (const. zw7th, 
at, + in, or with infin.). Also adsol. 

c1300 K, Adis, 5802 So hy ben delited in that art That 
wery ne ben hy neuere cert. ¢1374 Cuaucer Anel. & Arc. 
266 But for I.. was so besy you to delyte. 1535 FisHer 
Wks. (1876) 366 The loue of this game deliteth him so muche. 
1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 151, 1 am mervelously de- 
lighted with merrie conceites. 1594 Hooker Eecé. Pol... 
(1676) 70 The stateliness of Houses. .delighteth the eye. 167 
Ray Yourn, Low C. 395 The Italians are greatly delighte 
in Pictures. 1704 Pore Spring 67 1f Windsor-shades delight 
the matchless maid. 1855 Macautay /ist. Eng. ILI. 496 
Charles. .was delighted with an adviser who had a hundred 
pleasant .. things to say. 1873 Brack Pr. Thule xxii. 371 
df the money belonged to me, I should be delighted to keep 
it. 1875 Jowerr P/ato (ed. 2) 1. 476, I was quite delighted 
at this notion. 

b. ref. =2. 

1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 3086 3yf pou delyte pe 
oftyn stoundes, Yn horsys, haukys, or yn houndes. cx 
Cursor M. 1560 (Fairf.) A-mong caymys kyn, pat delitet 
ham alto syn. 1362 Lane. P. PZ. A. 1. 29 Lot .. Dilytede 
him in drinke. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1 
A ete -whiche gretly delited hym in alle vertuouse 
..thynges, 1611 Biste Ps. cxix. 16, I will delight my selfe in 
thy statutes. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav.199 He has many 
Elephants with whose Majestie he greatly delights him- 
selfe. 1742 Cottins £clog. iii. 36 Fair happy maid !..With 
love delight thee. 1828 D’Israri Chas. J, I. v.95 A life of 
pleasure—to delight himself and to be the delight of others. 

2. intr. (for refl.) To be highly pleased, take 
great pleasure, rejoice: @. 7 or ¢o do (anything). 
_ @1225 Ancr. R. 52 Eue..iseih hine ueir, & ueng to deliten 
ibe biholdunge. «1325 Prose Psalter \[i). 17 Pou ne shalt 
nou3t deliten in sacrifices. ¢1385 CHaucer L.G. W. 415 
Yet hath he made lewde folke delyte To serue yow. a@ 1450 
Le Morte Arth, 3717 Suche we haue delyted in. 1535 JouNn 
ap Rice in Four C. Eng. Lett. 33 He delited moche in 
playing at dice and cardes. 1548 Hatt Chrox, 201b, An 
Inne,wherein he delighted muche to be. 1605 Suaxs. A/acd. 
u. iii. 55 The labour we delight in physicks paine, 161z BisLe 
Ps. \xviii. 30 Scatter thou the people that delite in warre. 
1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 16 They delight to dawbe and 
make their skin glister with grease. 1710 SreELE & ADDISON 
Tatler No. 254 ? 1 There are no Books which I more de- 
light in than Travels. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
III. xii. 145 The obsolete titles delighted in by the Latin 
writers. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 39 We know the 
kind of man whom this system delights to honour. 

b. absol. (without const.). 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 243 And she .. So ferforth made 
him to delite Through lust. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x. ii, 
Divers persons in sundry wyse delyght. 

ce. transf. of things. 

877 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husd. 1. (1586) 33 b, The Beane 
delighteth in riche and wel dounged ground. 1697 Dampier 
Voy. 1. iii. 34 The Manatee delights to live in brackish 
Water. 1849 Jounston Exp. Agric. 116 The hop delights 
in woollen rags. 

+ 3. trans. To enjoy greatly: =¢o delight in, 

a 1450 Kut. dela Tour (1868) 63 The whiche makithe hym 
to desire and delite foule plesaunce of the synne of lechery. 
1591 SyLvesteR Du Bartas t. iv. (1641) 34/2 Brave-minded 
Mars.. Delighting nought but Battails, blood, and murder. 
1602 Basse £/eg.i. 3 Who lou'd no riot, tho delighted sport. 
1618 I. Suyru Lives Berkeleys (1883) 11. 285 Shee often went 
with her husband part of those hunting journeys, delighting 
her crosbowe. ; 

Delightable (déleitab’l), 2. rare. [f. Dz- 
LIGHT v. or sb,+-ABLE: containing the same ele- 
ments as the ME, Detrrasix.] Affording delight 

1871 R. Extis Catullus xxxiv. 10 Queen of mountainous 
heights, of all Forests leafy, delightable. 

Delighted (déloitéd), pp/. a. 
and sé. +-ED.] 

1. Filled with delight, highly pleased or gratified. 

a 1687 WaLLER Ox His Majesty's Escape (R.), About the 
keel delighted dolphins play. 1857 Lowe.t Above § Below 
1, What health there is In the Gane Dawn’s delighted eyes. 

2. [Endowed or attended with delight; affording 
delight, delightful. Ods. 

With the first quot. cf. DELIGHTFUL 2, quot. 1600, 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for Mut. i, 121 This sensible warme 
motion to become A kneaded clod ; and the delighted spirit 
To bath in fierie floods, or to recide In thrilling region of 
thicke-ribbed ice. 1604 — Oth, 1. iii, 290 If Vertue no de- 
lighted Beautie lacke. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 104 By 
supping a delighted cup of extreame poyson. 1667 PrimatT 


[f. Dericur z. 


163 


City § C. Build. Ded., Your quick and delighted equitable 
dispatch of such Differences as have come before you. 1747 
Cotuins Passions 3° But thou, O Hope.. What was thy 


delighted measure 
Delightedly, adv. [-ty?.] In a delighted 


manner. 

1800 CoLeripce Piccolom. u. iv, Delightedly dwells he 
’mong fays and talismans. 1879 Gro. ELior Theo. Such ix. 
16x A man delightedly conscious of his wealth. 

Delighter (dflsi-to1). [-rr.] One who de- 
lights ; one who takes delight 2 (anything). 

@1677 Barrow Serum. Wks. 1687 I. xvii, 250 A delighter 
in teling bad stories. 1715 Loud. Gaz. No. 5360/9 All 
Persons that are delighters in Plants and Flowers. 1705 
Srannore Parafhr. 11. 366 To draw a greater Guilt, upon 
the Delighter in, than upon the Commiter of, them. 

Delightful (d/loitful), a Also 6 delyte-, 
delite-. [f. Deticur (delite) sb. + -FUL.] 

1, Affording delight; delighting; highly pleas- 
ing, charming. 

1530 Parscr. 309/2 Delytefull, that moche delyteth, de- 
liteux. 1853 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 3 marg., Oratours 
muste use delitefull wordes and saiges. 1590 SPENSER /*, Q. 
1. iv. 4 Goodly galleries .. Full of faire windowes and de- 
lightful bowres. 1659 D. Pett /pr. Sea Yo Rar. A vij, 
What delightfuller thing canst thou read than a Theam or 
Subject of the Sea. 1667 Mitton /. Z. 1. 467 Rimmon, 
whose delightful Seat Was fair Damascus. 1779 Cowrer 
Lett. 31 Oct., Was there ever anything so delightful as the 
music of the Paradise Lost? 1848 Dickens Domdbey xxxv, 
That delightfullest of cities, Paris. 1870 Lowrny Study 
Wind. (1871) 1 One of the most delightful books in my 
father’s library. , c Nee 

+2, Full of or experiencing delight ; delighting 
72, delighted w7th. Obs. 

a@ 1869 [see DELIGHTFULLY 2]. 1576 FLeminG Panopl. Lpist. 
392 Shake off that delightfull desire whiche you have to be 
conversaunt in the Citie. 1600 C. Sutton Learn to Die 
(1634) 16 ‘Too chilling a doctrine for our delightful dispo- 
sitions. 1602 Danie, Hymen's 77i, v.i, We are glad to see 
you thus Delightful. 1687 A. Loven. Bergerac's Com, Hist. 
24 The Nymph Eccho is so delightful with their Airs. 

Delightfully (d/leitfuli), adv. [f prec. + 


-LY 2. 


1, In a delightful manner ; in a way that affords 
delight ; charmingly. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia 1. (R.), The flock of unspeakable 
virtues, held up delightfully in that best builded fold. 1625 
Bacon Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 558 Those which Perfume. the 
Aire most delightfully. 1788 Map. D’Arstay Diary 2 Jan., 
My dear father was delightfully well and gay. 1848 C. 
Bronte %. Eyre xvi. (1873) 160 She sang delightfully: it was 
atreat to listen to her. 1865 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. II. 281 
The air to-day is delightfully fresh. ; 

+2. With experience of delight, delightedly. 

a1569 KincesmyLt Conf. Satan (1578) 7 It must shutte 
up thine eyes from delightfully seeing sin. 1678 WANLEY 
Wond. Lit. World Ded. Aij, These things I have many 
times delightfully considered of. 1749 C. Westey //yn, 
‘ Forth in Thy Name’, For Vhee delightfully [to] employ 
Whate’er Thy bounteous grace hath given. 

Delightfulness (d/loi'tfulnes). 
+-NESS.] 

1. The state or quality of being delightful. 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 49, I hope the delightfulnesse 
of the one wil attenuate the tediousnesse of the other. 1674 
Prayrorp Skill Mus. 1. 59 Which Musick, by its Variety 
and Delightfulness, allayeth the Passions. 1777 Sir W. 
Jones Ess. i. 163 The delightfulness of their climate. 1831 
Grevitte Mem. Geo. 1V G73) Il. xv. 182, Admiration of 
the beauty and delightfulness of the place. 

+2. Of persons: The state of being delighted or 
of feeling delight. Ods. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia (1613) 148-9 But our desires’ tyran- 
nicall extortion Doth force vs there to set our chiefe delight 
fuinesse Where but a baiting-place is all our portion. 1608 
Macuin Duméd Kut. wv. i, The Queen is all for revels; her 
high heart .. Bestows itself upon delightfulness. 

Delighting (déloitin), 207. 5d. [-1nc1.] The 
action of the verb DELIGHT ; delectation. 

@ 1328 Prose Psalter xv. 11 Delitynges ben in by ri3t honde 
ynto be ende. 1g00-20 DunBAR Poems (1893) 311/34 Bettir 
war leif my paper quhyte, And tak me to vthir delyting. 
1581 Sipney Afol, Poetrie (Arb.) 37 Beautifying it both for 
further teaching, and more delighting. 1640 Sir R, Baker 
in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. Ixxxiv. 2 His Tabernacles .. 
must needs work in me an infinite delighting. 


Deli-ghting, f//.a. [-1nc2.] That delights 
(in the different senses of the verb). 

1563 Form of Megit. in Liturg. Serv. Q. Elis. (1847) 504 
With wines, spices, silks, and other vain costly delighting 
things. 1599 T. M[ourer] Sidkwormes 20 Full of delighting 
change, and learning greate. 1814 Forgery Lv. ii. Let me 
.-praise Heaven for the delighting pledge, 

Hence Deli‘ghtingly adv. 

160z Carew Cornwall 132 b, A walk which .. my selfe 
haue oftentimes delightingly seene. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct, 
Dubit. w. i. (R.), Though 5 did not consent clearly and 
delightingly to Seguiri’s death. 1836 New Monthly Mag. 
XLVI. 425 Readers who delightingly believe, that [etc.]. 

Delightless (dilsitlés), a [-1ess.] Void 
of delight ; affording no delight. (The opposite 
of delightful.) 

1580 Sipney Arcadia ut. (1622) 287 Turning away her 
feeble sight, as froma delightlesse obiect. ¢ 1750 SHENSTONE 
Elegies xi. 8 And we, delightless, left to wander home ! 
1850 Brackie Zschylus 11. 16 For this thou shalt keep 
watch On this delightless rock. 

Delightsome (dileitsim), a. Also 6 delyt-, 
delite-. [f. DELicHT sd. +-SoME.] = DELIGHTFUL. 
(In 17th c. in frequent use : now only literary.) 


[f. as prec. 


DELINEATE. 


1g00-20 Dunbar Poems Ixiv. 2 Delytsum lyllie of everie 
lustynes. 1576 Freminc Panopl. E:pist. 409 Up and about 
the pleasaunt and delightsome hilles. 1601 Wrever J/irr. 
Mart. Ej b, Daie is delightsome in respect of night. 1611 
Biste Mad. iii. 12 Ye shall be a delightsome land. 1697 
Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 454 ‘The whole Town was very clean 
and delightsome. 1760 STERNE Serm. x. (1773) 64 When he 
reflected upon this gay delightsome structure. 1844 Mrs. 
BrowninG Vision of Poets, A mild delightsome melancholy. 
1878 SHairp in Contemp. Rev. 685 All who care to visit. . 
that delightsome land [the Scottish Border]. 1892 Field 19 
Nov. 770/1 This delightsome, if quick-fleeting, season. 

Delightsomely, av. [f. prec.+-Ly*.] In 
a delightsome manner ; delightfully, joyously. 

1576 FLeminc Panofpl. Epist. 227 The grassehopper .. was 
delightsomly disposed. 1600 SurFLET Countrie Farme Vil. 
Ixi. 892 The misken .. singeth sweetly and delightsomely. 
«1603 T. CartwRIGHT hae be Rhem, N. 7. (1618) 84 A man 
is willingly, desirously, and delightsomly holden vnder sinne. 
1885 Tennyson Balin & Balan, 1 have not lived my life 
delightsomely. 

Deli‘ghtsomeness. 
= DELIGHTFULNESS. 

1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 439 The delightsomnesse of 
his behaviours. 1679 I’. Sipen //7st. Sevarites 11. i, A little 
‘Town called by the Inhabitants Co/a, from the delightsom- 
ness of the place. 1866 Ruskin Crown Wild Olive i. 72'Yo 
repent into delight and delightsomeness. 1883 J. Parker 
Tyne Ch. 334 ‘Vell a stone-deaf man what music 1s ; dwell on 
its delightsomeness. : 

+ De'ligible, a. Ols. [f. L. délig-cre to choose 
+-BLE.] Worthy to be chosen, desirable. 

1680 Hotiincwortnu Penit. ¥. Marketiman 11 Those joys 
and pleasures which render humane life any ways deligible. 

+ Delignate, v. vonce-wd.  [f. Du- IL + 
L. lign-um wood.) trans. 'To deprive of wood. 

1655 FuLLER CA. //ist. 1x. ill. § 34 Dilapidating (or rather 
delignating his Bishoprick, cutting down the woods thereof). 

+ Deli-mate, v. Ols.—° [f. stem of L. délimat- 
ws filed off, f. Dr- 1. 2 + dimare to file.) 

1623 CockeraM, Delineate, to file or shaue from off a 
thing. 1656 in Brount Glossagr. 

Delimit (d/limit), v. [a. F. délémit-er (1773 
in Hatzf.), ad. L. delimitare to mark out as a 
boundary, f. De- I. 3 + /imztare to bound, /imes, 
Jimit-em boundary, limit.) ¢ravs. ‘To mark or de- 
termine the limits of; to define, as a limit or 
boundary. 

1852 GLapstoni Glean. IV. v. 144 Other nations are to 
delimit for themselves the possessions and status of the 
clergy. 1885 77wes 10 Apr. g The question of delimiting 
the Russo-Afghan frontier, 

Delimitate (d/li-miteit), v. 
L. délimitare: see prec.] =prec. 

1884 Wanch, Exant. 3 Dec. 5/5 The territory of the Asso- 
ciation as delimitated on an appended map. 1891 7 Vas 18 
Alay, The Commjssion to delimitate the frontier between 

3urmah and Siam. ane , 

Delimitation (d/limité-fan. [a. F. dedimi- 
tation (1773 in Hatzf.), n. of action from dédimzter 
to Detimir.] The action of delimiting ; the fact 
of being delimited; determination of a limit or 
boundary ; esf. of the frontier of a territory. 

1836 Sir H. ‘Vaytor Statesman xvi. 116 The delimitation of 
those bounds within which a statesman’s dispensation should 
be confined. 1868 Giapstone Fuv. Mundi iv. (1869) 110 
They [territorial names] came to signify districts of fixed and 
known delimitation, 1884 Leeds Alercury 13 Mar., The de- 
limitation of the frontier of ‘Turkestan and Kashgar. 

Delimitative (d/li'miteitiv), a. [f. délimitat., 
ppl. stem of dé/imétare to DELIMIT + -IVE.] Hay- 
ing the function of delimitation. 

1887 Sfectator 3 Sept. 1171 A Delimitative Commission is 
to mark out the frontier. 

Delimitize: see De- II. 1. 

+Deline, v. Os. Also 6 delyne. [ad. L. 
délinea-re : see DELINEATE. Cf. ALINE v., and mod. 
F. délinéer (Littré).] trans. To mark out by lines ; 
to outline, sketch; = DELINEATE v. 1, 2. 

1589 Ive Fortif. 36 Proceede as in the delyning of a bul- 
warke. a1734 Nortu Exam. (1740) 523 A certain Plan 
had been delined out for a farther Proceeding. 

Delineable (délinzab’l), a. rare. [f. L. de- 
linea-re to DELINEATE: see -BLE.] Capable of 
being delineated. 

1661 Fertuam Resolves, Lusoria, etc. Lett. xvii. 85 In 
either Vision there is something not delineable, 

i. 


+ Delineament (d/litnzjamént). Ods. 
déelined-re: see -MENT ; cf. /ineament.] ‘The action 
of delineating, or an instance of this; delinea- 
tion. 

1593 Nasne Christ’s T. (1613) 57 The delineament of 
wretchednesse. 1612 SELDEN Drayton's Poly-olb. xi. Notes 
181 For similitude of delineaments and composture. 16: 
H. More Antid, Ath, 1. v. (1712) 52 The more rude an 
careless strokes and delineaments of Divine Providence. 


Delineate, f//. a. arch. or poetic. [ad. L. 
délineat-us, pa. pple. of délinedre: see next.] De- 
lineated; traced out, portrayed, described, etc. 
(Also used as a participle.) 

1596 Edw. //J, 1. ii. 27 Still do I see in him delineate His 
mother’s visage. TorseLt Four, Beasts (1658) 247 
Such an even and delineate proportion. 1619 BainsripGE 
Descr. late Comet 11 That forme which. .is delineate in the 
planispheare. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide v. 508 (MS.) But 
where’s the Muse can give delineate life To heavenly Thyrsa. 
1848 Baitey Festus Proem (ed. 3) 7/1 And for the soul of 
man delineate here. f % 

21* -2 


[f as prec. + -NESS.] 


[f. ppl. stem of 


DELINEATE. 


Delineate (délinz,e't), v. Also 6 delineat, 
6-7 deliniat(e. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé/inedre to 
outline, sketch out, f. De- I. 3 + dimeare to draw 
lines, Zimea line: cf. depict, describe.) 

1. trans. To trace out by lines, trace the outline 
of, as on a chart or map. 

1 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 6 Geographie does 
deliniat, and set out the universal earth. 1612 YTON 
Poly-olb. Ab, The Map, lively delineating to thee every 
mountaine, forrest, river and valley. 1710 BerKELEY Princ, 
Hum. Knowl. § 127 When therefore I delineate a triangle 
on paper. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea viii. § Other 
currents .. delineated on [the] Plates. 1 R. Witsox 
Ch. Lindisf. 6x The exact position is delineated on the 


plan. . 

2. To trace in outline, sketch out (something to 
be constructed) ; to outline; ‘to make the first 
draught of? (J.). 

1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3), Delineate, to draw the pro- 
portion of any thing. rg iaron Ch. Gout. ii. (1851) 103 

..-never intended to leave the government thereof de- 
lineated here in such curious architecture to be patch’t after- 
wards. 1670 Marvett Corr. cliv. Wks. 1872-5 IL. 338 Not 
willing nor prepared to deliniate his whole pro ih 1764 
Rew /nguiry vi. § 15. 172, I have eaduavoarel to delineate 
such a process. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 394 Our laws 
and the whole constitution of our state having been thus 
delineated. 

3. To represent by a drawing; to draw, por- 
tray. 

1610 Guittim Heraldry 1. vii. (1660) 130 Plants. .de- 
lineated with lims, sprigs, or branches. 1646 Sir‘. Browne 
Pseud, Ep. v. xi. 251 With the same reason they may de- 
lineate old Nestor like Adonis. 1794 Sutiivan View Nat. 
II, They were accused of being Anthropomorphites ; deline- 
ating the Almighty as they did with hands, with eyes, and 
with feet. 1865 Grote //afo I. i.17 If horses or lions could 
paint, they would delineate their gods in form like them- 
selves. 

4. fig. To portray in words; to describe. 

a 1618 RaceiGu (J.), It followeth, to delineate the region 
in which God first planted his delightful garden. 1680 J. 
Cuambercayne (¢/t/e), Sacred Poem, Wherein the Birth, 
Miracles, &c. of the Most Holy Jesus are Delineated. 
1791 BosweEtt Fohnson Introd., When I delineate him with- 
out reserve. 1868 Netriesuie Browning Introd. 3 Great 
as is his power in delineating all human passion. 

Hence Deli‘neating v0/. sb.; also attrib. 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars v1. 1x, The Land-skip, Mixture, 
and Delineatings. 1823 J. Bancock Dom. Amusemt.142 The 
Delineating Ink..for delineating upon stone. 

Delineation (d/linz)é'fan). Also 6-7 deli- 
niation. [ad. L. déinedtion-em, n. of action f. 
délinedre, to DELINEATE. So in F, (Pare, 16th c.).] 
The action or product of delineating. 

1. The action of tracing out something by lines; 
the drawing of a diagram, geometrical figure, cte. ; 
concr. a drawing, diagram, or figure. 

1570 Bittincstey Euclid 1. ii. 11 Whereupon follow diuers 
delineations and constructions. 1589 Putrennam Lug. 
Poesie ut. iv. (Arb.) 159 Declination, delineation, dimention. 
are scholasticall termes in deede, and yet very proper. 1646 


Sik T. Browne Pseud. /:f. v1, viii. 314 In the deliniations of | 


many Maps of Africa, the River Niger exceedeth it about 
ten degrees in length. 1774 J. Bryant M/ythol. 11. 234 The 
delineations of the sphere fave by the Greeks. .been greatly 
abused. 1811 Pinkerton Petrad. I. 335 There are generally 
several colours together, and these are arranged in striped, 
dotted, and clouded delineations. 

2. The action of tracing in outline something to 
be constructed ; a sketch, outline, plan, rough draft. 
Usually fig. 

158 Marsrcx Bk. of Notes 939 Painters..when they in- 
tend to paint a King, first draw out the proportion upon a 
table..a man may by that deliniation. .easel rceiue that 
the Image of a King is there painted. 1 Cupwogtu 
Intell, Syst. 132 In the Seed is conteined the Whole De- 
lineation of the Future man. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. 
6, I call it only a Delineation, or rude draught. 1853 
Marspen Early Purit. 92 Cartwright’'s bold assertion, that 
the New Testament contains the exact delineation of a 
Christian church. 

3. The action or manner of representing an object 
by a drawing or design; pictorial representation, 
portraiture ; concr. a portrait, likeness, picture. 

1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 90 If with a bad 
pensill he draw ill fauoured shapes, and of delineation. 
1615 Crookes Body of Man 17 If Galen would not haue 
Plants and Hearbes painted. .how would hee haue endured 
the delineation of the parts of our body? 1801 Srrurr 
Sports & Past. 1. i. 12 This delineation ..taken from a 
manuscript and illuminated early in the fourteenth century. 
1831 Brewster Nat. Magic iv. (1833) 86 We shall have 
phantasms of the most perfect delineation, 


4. The action of portraying in words. 


164 


Delineator (d/li'néjeito1). [agent-n. in L. form 
from délineare to DELINEATE. 

1. One who delineates, sketches, or depicts. 

1782 V. Knox £ss. 52 (R.) We are d to exclai: 


DELIQUESCE. 
straight In pious , the two delinquents teare? 
Baker tr. Sadnets tt. (1654) IL. u. 61 When the pie 
i the judge. 1709 Sreete & 


= concurs in opinion wit! 
wirt Tatler No. 74 ? 10 Where Crimes are enormous, the 
Deli deserves little Pity. 1836 H, CoLeripGEe North. 


with a modern delineator of characters, ‘ Alas, poor human 
nature’, 1815 W. H. Irevann Scribdleomania 202 An un- 
biassed delineator of facts. 1865 Wricut Hist. Caricature 
vi. (1875) 100 The mediaeval artists in general were not very 
good delineators of form. . 

2. An instrument for kracing outing 

1774 Specif. W. Storer’s Patent No, 1183 An optical In- 
strument or accurate delineator. 1844 Civ. Eng. & Archit. 
Frul. VU. 237 A profile delineator .. Impro in ap- 
paratus for phtaiioe the profile of various forms or figures. 


Delineatory (d/linzjatari), a. [f. as prec.: 
see -oRY.] Belonging to delineation; descriptive. 


1834 H. O'Brien Round Towers Ireland 129, 1 have 
traced from the Irish. .its delineatory name. 
Delineatress (déli:nizi‘trés). rare. [f. De- 


LINEATOR: see -ESS.] A female delineator. 

1876 Daily News 22 Aug. 3 Madame Materna, the de- 
lineatress of Briinnhilda. 

+Delineature. 0s. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé- 
Jinedre +-UkE.] Delineation ; description. 

1611 Cotcr., Delineature, the same [as Delineation]; or, 
a delineature. 1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr. 1. 93 In the 
delineature of those features. 1659 A. Lovepay in X. Love- 
day’s Lett, (1663) A vj a, Without any other additional de- 
lineature, 

+ Deliniment. Ods. 
f. délin-, délénire.] 

3727 Baitey vol. I], Deliniment, a mitigating or asswaging. 

+ Delini‘tion. Ods. rare—'. [irreg. f. L. dé- 
linére to besmear (ppl. stem délit-): see -TION.] 
The action of smearing. 

1664 H. More J/yst. /nig. xviii. 68 The Delinition also of 
the Infant’s Ears and Nostrils with the Spittle of the Priest. 

+ Delinque, v. Oés. rare—2, [ad. L. délin- 
gu-ére to fail, be lacking, be at fault, offend, f. De- 
I. 3+dingucre to leave: so F. délingue-r (15th c. 
in Littré).] (See quot.) 

1623 CockERAM 11., To Leaue, delingue. 

+ Delinquence. Oés. [ad. L. délinguentia 
(Tertullian), f. délinguent-em, DELINQUENT a.: 
see -ENCE.] The fact of being a delinquent; cul- 
pable failure in duty. 

1682 Address fr. Hereford in Lond.Gaz. No.1695/1 Prayers 
..and.. Vows of Allegiance. .are the best Offerings we have 
to attone Heaven for our Delinqnence. 1779-81 Jonson 
L. P., Pope Wks. 1V. 103 All his delinquences observed and 
aggravated. 1832 Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 390 Rights .. are 
to be sacrificed without either proved delinquence or tendered 
compensation, ; 

Delinquency ((/linkwensi). [f. as prec. : see 
-ENCY. 

1. The condition or quality of being a delinquent ; 
failure in or neglect of duty; more generally, vio- 
lation of duty or right; the condition of being 
guilty, guilt. 

1648 Articles of Peace xxvii. in Milton's Wks. (1851) IL., 
In case of Refractorics or Delinquency, [they] may distrain 
and imprison, and cause such Delinquents to be distrained 
and imprisoned, «1661 Futter Worthies (1840) III. 80 
Such as compounded for their reputed delinquency in our 
late civil wars. 1751 Smotterr Per. Pic. (1779) II. 1. 112 
‘They were old offenders in the same degree of delinquency. 
1754 RicHarpson Grandison (1781) IL. xxviii. 256, | know 
not any act of delinquency she has committed, 1892 Sir 
H.H. Lores in Law Times Rep. UXVII. 142/1 There must 
be moral delinquency on the part of the person proceeded 


against. — 

b. (with A/.) An act of delinquency; a fault, sin 
of omission ; an offence, misdeed. 

1636 G. Sanvys Paraphr. Fob (J.), Can Thy years deter- 
mine like the age of man That thou should'st my delin- 

uencies exquire? 1651 G. W. tr. Cowel’s /nst. 209 From 
these Delinquencies proceed greater crimes. 1854 EMERSON 
Lett. § Soc. Aims, Comic Wks. (Bohn) III. 205 The yawnin 
delinquencies of practice. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. 
u. Vv. 175 If delinquencies be committed in the playground, 
they may be reported to the masters. 

Delinquent gk Jaaprse” a. and sb. [ad. L. 
délinguent-em, pr. pple. of délinguére: see DE- 
LINQUE and -ENT. Caxton used a form in -aunt, a. 
F. délinguant, pr. pple. of délinguer.] 

A. adj. Failing in, or neglectful of, a duty or 
obligation; defaulting; faulty; “more generally, 
guilty of ¢ misdeed or offence. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. 93 Having offended or 
being delinquent in =r duetie. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 
1x. viii. (1632) 562 Whensoeuer one Prince is delinquent 
against another. a 1640 J. Batt. Answ. to Cas 1. (1642) 26 


[ad. L. déliniment-um, 


1603 Danie. Def. Rhime (1717) 19 In these Deli 
of Men. — - More Myst. nig. v. 11 Let us begin 
then with the delineation of the first member of this hideous 
Mystery. 1781 Cowrer Lett, 10 Oct., My delineations of 
the heart are from my own experience. 1870 Emerson Soc. 
§ Solit., Bks. Wks. (Bohn) III, 82 Xenophon's delineation 
of Athenian manners. 

+5. Lineal descent or derivation. Ods. rare. _ 

1606 G. W[oovcocke] tr. //ist, Justine 69b From = by 
order of delineation and rightfull succession, the kingdom 
discended to Arimba, 

Delineative (d/li-nz,-tiv), a. 
L., délinedre to DELINEATE + -IVE.] 
delineation ; tending to delineate. 

1892 CLerxe Fam. Studies Homer x. 276 The delineative 
inlaying of the Shield of Achilles. 


[f. ppl. stem of 
Pertaining to 


The M ie may be lawfull, though in many particu! 
delinquent and deficient. 1709 Sacneverett Serm. 15 Aug. 
4 He stands delinquent. 1824 W. Irvinc 7. 7'rav. 1. 276 
A delinguent school-boy, 1891 Daily News 5 Feb. 5/4 What 
are ‘ delinquent parishes’?..parishes that have a provoking 
habit of neglecting to hand over the sums that are due from 
them on account of the relief of the poor. 

b. ¢ransf. Of or pertaining to a delinquent. 

1657 Burton's Diary (1828) 11. 129 A purchaser of this or 
= other delinquent lands. 1889 Bruce Plant. Negro 218 
Sold out by the public auctioneer for delinquent taxes. 

B. sb, 1, One who fails in duty or obligation, a 
defaulter ; more generally, one guilty of an offence 
against the law, an offender. 

1484 Caxton Chit 34 To punysshe the t and 
delynquaunts. 1605 Suaks. J/acb, 1. vi. 12 Dit he not 


Worthies (1852) I. 50 Severe p tion of 7! 
1865 Livincstone Zambesi xx. 410 This deliberation how- 
ever gave the deling’ ach of escap 

2. Eng. Hist. A name applied by the Parlia- 
mentary to those who assisted Charles I or 
Charles II, by arms, money, or personal service, 
in levying war, 1642-1660. 

The term was exhaustively defined by an Order of 27 
March, 1643. As it practically included all Royalists, it 
became in common parlance almost synonymous with 
Cavalier. 

1643 Ordinance of Parit. April 1 Preamb., That the estates 
of such notorious Delinquents, as have been the causes or 
Instruments of the publick calamiti should be converted 
and aj yed towards the su: ion of the great charges 
of the Commonwealth. c1643 Ballad‘ A Mad World’ in 
The — 1. (1662) 48 A Monster now Delinquent term'd 
He is dec to be, And that his lands, as well as goods, 
Sequestered ought to be. 1647 Crarenvon //ist. Red. m1. 
(1702) I, 212 Hereupon, they [the Ci ] call’d whom 
they pleased, Delinquents. 1648 D. Jenkins Wks. 7 A De- 
ling is he who adhears to the Kings Enemies; Com. 
Sur. Litil. 261. This shewes who are delinquents. 
Moral State Eng. 21 The bleeding estates of unhappy de- 
linquents. 1761-2 Hume “ist. Eng. (1806) IV. liv. 169. 

Delinquently, adv. rare-°. ee prec. + -LY2,] 
In a delinquent manner ; so as to fail in duty. 

1864 in WeBsTER. : - 
+ Delinquish, v. Obs. [f. L. délinguére (see 
Devinque), after reHinguish. (OF. had a rare dé- 
linguir = délinguer: so Pr. and Sp. delinguir.)} 
intr. To fail in duty or obligation ; to be guilty of 

a delinquency. 

1606 J. Kine 4th Serm. Hampton Crt. 13 Must all be re- 
moued.. because some had delinquished ? ‘ 

+ Delinquishment. (és. [f. prec. +-mENnT.] 

1. Failure in duty ; a fault, offence, delinquency. 

1593 Nasne Christ's T. 23a, Thou shalt be my, vninno- 
cence, and whole of delinquish Fi . ADAMS 
Exp. 2 Peter ii, 1 Suffering for our delinquishments. 

2. =RELINQUISHMENT. (bombastic nonce-tse.) 

1603 Diexxer Grissil (Shaks. Soc.) 21 Though to my discon- 
solation, I will oblivionize my love to the Welsh widow, and 
do here proclaim my delinquishment. 

+ De'liquate, v. Chem. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. déligua-re trans. to clear off, clarify (a liquid), 
f. Dr- I. 3 + igudre to liquefy, melt, dissolve.] 

1. ¢rvans. To dissolve (in a liquid), melt down. 

1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. 273 It seemed. .to have a mixture 
of Sulphur and fixt salt deliquated in it. 

2. intr. To deliquesce. 

es Bove Contn. New Exp. 1. (1682) 37, 1 caused an un- 
usual Brine to be made, by suffering Sea-salt to deliquate in 
the moist air. 1680 — £.2f. Chem. Princ... 5 Salt of Tartar 
left in moist Cellars to deliquate. 1800 Med. rnd. 1V. 373 
A salt crystallized in small needles, easily deliquating. 

Hence De‘liquated ///. a. ~ 

1675 Evetyn Jerra (1729) 9 Precipitat iquated 
out Tartar. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) ao Oil of Vasl 
and deliquated Salt of Tartar. “ 

+ ua‘tion. Oés. [n. of action f. prec. : 
see -ATION.] The process of deliquating; deli- 


quescence. 
1612 WoopaL Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 264 Sometimes 
digestion iful is, and deliquation too, did. 270 Deli- 


quation is the liquation of a concrete (as salt, powder cal- 
cined, &c.) set in an humid and frigid .. that it flow, 
having a watery form. 1657 in Phys. Dict, 

+ Deli‘que. Oés. rare. [ad. L. déliguium: see 
below; cf. ve/igue.] = Deviquium! 1; failure. 

1645 Rutnerrorp 7ryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 71 It cometh 
from a delique in the affections .. that is a swooning 
and delique of words, thay 

uesce (delikwe's), v. [ad. L. déliguésc- 
ére to melt away, dissolve, disappear, f. Dr- I. 3 + 
liquéscére to become liquid, melt, inceptive of 
— to be liquid, clear, etc.] intr. 

. Chem. To melt or become liquid by absorbing 
moisture from the air, as certain salts, 

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 1. 14 They attract the humidity 
of the air, and deliquesce, or run liquid. 1780 PAil. Trans. 
LXX. 349 This pot-ash .. deliquesces a little in moist air. 
1876 Pace Add. Text-bk. Geol. xvi. 299 Pure chi 

ium is not liable to deliquesce. 

b. Biol. To liquefy or melt away, as some parts 
of fungi or other plants of low organization, in the 
process of growth or of decay. ; 

836-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. II. (The brain's] disposition 
tod liq: mt a posed to the air, 1872 Oxiver Elem. 
Bot. u. 292 [Fungi] often deliq when 1882 
Vines Sachs’ Bot. 272 Zoogonidia which are set free 
by the wall of the mother-cell becoming gelatinous and 


deliquescing. é 
2. gen. To melt away (/it. and fig.). (Mostly 
humorous Es affected.) seh pre 
oO. W. Aut. hot. xi. 2 ve 
ine several Sar emnanh eubas bi. vocabulary 
had deliquesced into some half dozen ——- 1860 — 


Elsie V. 107 Undue appreh - y to de- 
liquesce and resolve itself .. into of creamy fluid. 
me Jowerr Plato I. 436 If while the man is alive the body 
deliquesces and Lys. 

Hence Delique'scing vé/. sd. a a. 

1791 Phil. Trans. LXXXI. 330 Some of the deliquescing 
part of the mass. ’ 


DELIQUESCENCE. 


Deliquescence (delikwe'séns). [f, Detiques- 
CENT: see *ENCE. (So mod.F. 1792 in Hatzf.)] 
The process of deliquescing or melting away; es. 
the melting or liquefying of a salt by absorption of 


moisture from the air. 

1800 Henry Zit. Chem. (1808) 118 This change is termed 
deliquescence. 1839-47 Topp Cyc/. Anat. III. 503/2 The 
nucleated cells .. gradually disappear by a kind of solution 
or deliquescence, 1863 Hawtuorne Our Old Hone (1883) 
I. 259 The English .. hurry to the seaside with red, per- 
spiring faces, in a state of combustion and deliquescence. 

Jig. 1881 Spectator 19 Mar. 373 ‘The deliquescence .. of 
beliefs. Are 

b. concr. The liquid or solution resulting from 


this process. 

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 1, 148 This deliquescence or 
solution always has an acrid taste. 1860 O. W. Ho_mes 
Poems, De Sauty, Drops of deliquescence glistened on his 
forehead. : 

Deliquescency (delikwe'sénsi). rare. [f. as 
prec. +-ENCy.] The quality of being deliquescent ; 
tendency to deliquesce. 

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 11. 42 Some attribute this de- 
liquescency of salt to the redundance of an alcali, 1860 
Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. v1. vii. § 3. 53+ 

Deliquescent (delikwe'sént), a. [mod.ad. L, 
deliquéscent-em, pr. pple. of déliguéscére to DELI- 
QuEscE. So in mod.F, (1783 in Hatzf.).] 

1. Chem. That deliquesces; having the property 
of melting or becoming liquid by absorption of 
moisture from the air. 

179% Edin. New Disp. 381 Mild fixed alkali is. .consider- 
ably deliquescent. 1812-6 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. § Art 
II. 482 A salt is deliquescent, when it has a greater attrac- 
tion for water than the air, as it will in that case take water 
from the air. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1873) 66 Those 
salts answer best for preserving cheese which contain most 
of the deliquescent chlorides. 

2. a. Biol. Melting away in the process of growth 
or of decay : see DELIQUESCE I b. 

1874 Cooke Fungi 28 It is very difficult to observe the 
structure of the hymenium, on account of its deliquescent 
nature, 

b. ot. Branching in such a way that the main 
stem or axis is, as it were, dissolved in ramifications. 

1866 7reas. Bot., Deliquescent ..as the head of an oak 
tree. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 3. 49 Thus the trunk is 
on into branches, or is deliquescent, as in the White 

im. 

3. humorously. Dissolving (in perspiration), 

, 1837 Syp. Smitu Let, Singleton Wks. 185911. 294/1 Strid- 
ing over the stiles to Church, with a second-rate wife—dusty 
and deliquescent—and four parochial children, full of cate- 
chism and bread and butter. @1876 M. Coruns Pen 
Sketches 1. 180 The dusty and deliquescent pedestrian. 


+ Deli‘quiate, v. Chem. Obs. [irreg. f. L. 
déliquaére (DELIQUATE), or f. DELIQUIUM?.] intr. 
= DELIQUATE 2, DELIQUESCEs 

1782 WevGwoop in Phil. Trans. LXX. 323 No crystal- 
lization was formed: the dry salt..deliquiated in the air. 
1810 Henry Elem. Chem. (1840) II. 397 Urea. .deliquiates, 
when exposed to the air, into a thick brown liquid. 1854 J. 
ScorFern in Orr’s Circ. Sc..Chem. 14 Other salts .. become 
liquid, or deliguiate. 

+ Deliquiation. 0ds. 
prec.] = DELIQUESCENCE. 

1782 Wepcwoop in PA7l. Trans. LXX. 324 A salt..which 
--would have crystallized long before the alkali became dry, 
orr ined after its deliquiation - 

+ Deliquity. Os. [f. L. déligu-us lacking, 
wanting + -11¥: cf. ob/iguzty.] Delinquency, guilt. 

1692 Christ Exalted § 158 Christ..hath infinitely more 
ae than our sins have of Deliquity or Malignity in 
them. 

Daan 1 (dflikwidm). arch. [L. aéli- 
quium failure, want, f. délingudre (déligu-): sce 
Dexingut, Dexicr, and cf. DELique.] 

1. Failure of the vital powers ; a swoon, fainting 
fit. Also fig. 

(1s97 J. Kine Ox Yonas (1864) 180(Stanf.) His soul forsook 
him, as it were, and there was deliguium animez.] .1621 
Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iii.t. ii, He. .carries Bisket, Aquavit, 
or some strong waters about him, for fear of deliquiums. 
1681 GLANVILL Sadducismus 14 Strange things men report 
to have seen during those Deliquiums. 1746 Brit. Mag. 
1oz2 He..was seiz’d with a sudden Deliquium. 1867 Car- 
LYLE RKemin, (1881) II, 10 Jeffrey. . bewildered the poor jury 
into temporary deliquium or loss of wits. 

+2. A failure of light, as in an eclipse. Ods. 

1647 CrasHaw Poems 160 Forcing his sometimes eclipsed 
face to be A long deliquium to the light of thee. 1663 J. 
Srencer Prodigies (1665) 5 The strange deliquium of Light 
in the Sun about the death of Cesar. 1671 SHADWELL 
Fe ange mt. 33, I have suffer’d a Deliguium, viz. an 

clipse. « ; 

3. Confused with DeLiquium 2, as if = melting 
away, or state of having melted away: usually SE 

az1711 Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 281 Her Pow'rs in 
Liquefaction soft exhal’d, She into amorous Deliquium falls. 
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev, (1857) I. 1. vu. viii. 212 The As- 
sembly melts, under such pressure, into deliquium ; or, as it 
is officially called, adjourns. 1858 — /’redk. Gt. (1865) I.1v. 
vy. 312 Stalwart sentries were found melted into actual de- 
liquium of swooning. J 

+Deli-quium 2, Ods. [L. déliguium flowing 
down, dropping down, f. déligudre; see DELI- 
QUATE.] = DELIQUESCENCE, 

1641 Frencu Distil/. i. (1651) 9 Delifuium, is the dissolv- 

ing of a hard body into a liquor,as salt .. in a moist, cold 


[n. of action from 


165 


place. 1654 Wutttock Zootomia 407 Death is a pre- 
paring Deliquium, or melting us down into a Menstruum, 
fit for the Chymistry of the Resurrection to work on. se 
51 Cuampers Cyc/. s. v., Salt of tartar, or any fixed alcali, 
set in a cellar..runs, into a kind of liquor, called by the 
chymists, oil of tartar Jer deliguinm, 1823 J. Bavcock 
Dom, Amusem. 46 As much hot oil of tartar, per deliquium, 
as will saturate the acid. 

Deliracy (d/litrasi). rare. [f. DeLiRATE: cf. 
accuracy, piracy, and sce -Acy.] Subjection to de- 
lirium: cf, DELIRANCY. 

a Soutney Bh. of Ch. (1841) 543 By lunacy, deliracy, or 
apathy. 

Delirament (délitramént). Now sare. [ad. 
L. délirdment-um, f. délirdre: see DELIRE v., and 
-MENT.] Raving, frenzy, insanity ; a craze. 

c1440 CarGrave Life St. Kath. wv. 1421 Vhat thei calle 
feith, we calle delirament. 1560 Rotiann Crt. Venus ui. 
593 He was deiect be daft delyrament. 1605 Bett Motives 
conc. Romish Faith Pref. 12 ‘These and like popish delira- 
ments. 1856 Ferrier /vst. Metaph, vu. v. 229 Some of the 
fashionable deliraments of the day, suchas clairvoyance and 
- Spirit-rapping. 

+ Delitrancy. 0ds. [f. Deviant or L. devi- 
rant-em, corresponding to L. type *délirdntia: see 
-Ancy.] Raving, frenzy, madness. 

1659 GAuDEN Tears 208 A Manichean dotage and deli- 
rancy seiseth upon them. 1678 Cupwortn /utel/. Syst. 1. 
v. 69t This attempt of his was no other than a plain, Deli- 
rancy, or Atheistick Phrenzy in him, @1734 Nort Lives 
(1890) III. 144 This was a sort of delirancy. 

Delirant (déloivrant), a. and sd. [ad. L. a. 
lirant-em, pr. pple. of délirare (see DELIRE v.), or 
a corresponding F, dédérant (18th c. in Hatzf.), pr. 
pple. of délirer.] 7 

+ A. adj. Raving, mad, insane. Ods. 

1600 Lonce in Englands Helicon Db, Age makes silly 
swaines delirant, 1681 GLANVILL Sadducismus 1. (1726) 66 
What can be imagined more delirant and more remote from 
common sense? /éid. 71 This Man .. is either delirant and 
crazed, or else plays Tricks. 

B. sb. Aled, = DELIRIFACIENT. 

1872 Tanner's Mem. Poison Pref. (ed. 3) 8 Neurotics : sub- 
divided into Narcotics, Anzsthetics, Inebriants, Delirants 
[etc.]. 

+ Delirate, v. Obs. rare —'. 
L. délirdre: see DELIRE v. and -ATE 3,] 
=DELIRIATE. Db. tty. = DELIRE 2. 
lirrating Af/. a. 

1603 HotLanp Plutarch's Mor. i. 393 (L.) They say it 
[ivy] hath an infatuating and delirating spirit in it. 1623 
CockEram, Delirate, to dote. : 

Deliration (deliréi‘fon). [ad. L. déliration-em, 
n. of action from délirare: see DELIRE v.] 

1. Delirium, aberration of mind; frenzy, madness. 

1600 /Losp. Inc. Fooles 9 Deliration is oftentimes a Symp- 
tome..of an feuer. /déd. 10 Frensie being a far more violent 
infirmitie than deliration or dotage. 1668 H. More Div. 
Dial, u. xiv. (1713) 132 As idely as those that pill Straws or 
tie knots on Rushes in a fit of Deliration or Lunacy. 1840 
Cartyte Heroes v. (1858) 323 An earnestness. Punitite .drove 
him into the strangest incoherences, almost delirations. 
1855 Miss A. Mannina O. Chelsea Bun-house iii.*45 Her 
Deliration incessantly finding Vent in an incoherent Babble. 

+b. A rendering delirious or temporarily insane. 

1656 H. More Enthus. Tri, (1712) 19 The Effect is the 
deliration of the party after he awakes, for he takes his 
Dreams for. .real ‘Transactions. 

2. fig. Wildly absurd behaviour or speech, as if 
arising from aberration of mind. 

_ 1603 Harsnet Pop. Imfpost. 27 What a Deliration is this 
in our graue, learned and famous College of.. Physicians ! 
1678 Cupwortn /xfed/, Syst. 848 The many atheistick hal- 
lucinations or delirations concerning it [cogitation]. 182 


a. tras. 
Hence De- 


[f. ppl. stem of | 


New Monthly Mag. IU. 123 'The bombastic deliration of | 


Lee’s tragedy. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Worship 122 In 
creeds never was such levity: witness..the periodic ‘re- 
vivals’..the deliration of rappings. 

+ Delire, v. Obs. [ad. L. délirare to be de- 
ranged, crazy, out of one’s wits, orig. to go out of 
the furrow, to deviate from the straight, go off; f. 
De- I. 2 + diva ridge, furrow, in ploughing ; with 
sense 2 cf. F. délirer (in Rabelais, 16th c.) ‘to 
doat, rave, do things against reason’ (Cotgr.).] 

1. intr. To go astray, go wrong, err. 

a@ 1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 204 God wyl be vengyd on man.. 
That wyl nevyr be schrevyn, but evyrmore doth delyre. 
1560 Rotianp Crt. Venus 11. 339 Sa peirt for to delyre Fra 
Venus Court, or thairfra for to gyre? 1633 ‘I’. Apams Exp. 
2 Peter ii. 5 He repents not as man does, for he cannot de- 
lire and err as man does. : 

2. To go astray from reason ; to wander in mind, 
be delirious or mad, to rave. 

Hence Deliring A//. a. 

1600 Hosp. Inc. Fooles 10 Franticke and deliring Fooles.. 
who .. swarue from all sense. x632 Quartes Div. Fancies 
1v. xv, How fresh bloud dotes ! O how green Youth delires ! 
etn Burtnocce Causa Dei 196 He delires, and is out of 
his Wits, that would preferr it [moonlight] before the Sun 
by Day. 

+Delirement. Oés. [a. obs. F. délirement, 
‘a raving or doating’ (Cotgr.), ad. L. delirament- 
unt.) = DELIRAMENT. 

1613 Heywoop Silver Age 1. i, Thus—thou art here, and 
there,—With me, at home, and at one instant both! In vain 
are these delirements, and to me Most deeply incredible. 
1637 — Dial. iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 179 With fond delirements 
let him others charme, 1633 T. Apams Exp, 2 Peter i. 4 
This delirement never came into the holy apostles’ minds. 


DELIRIUM. 


Deliria, occas. pl. of DELIniUM. 

Deliriant ((/lrriant), a. and sé. Med. [f. Dr- 
LIRIUM: cf. next, and anwsthesiant, etc.] 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deliriant, having power to produce 
delirium. Applied to such drugs as henbane, Indian hemp, 
and such like. : 

+ Deliriate, v. Ods. [f. L. déliri-um Deui- 
RIUM +-ATE3,] ¢rans. To make delirious. 

1658 R. Franck North. Alem. (1821) p.iii, Now so gener- 
ally and epidemically the kingdom was diseased, that de- 
liriated and distracted, they let one another blood. @1g11r 
Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 478 Their Love mis- 
plac'd deliriates their Wit. 

Delirifacient (déliriféi-fiént), a. and sb. Aled. 
[f. L. delirium, DeviniuM, délirdre to be crazy + 

Sactent-em making.] 
A. adj. Causing or producing delirium, 
B. sb. An agent or substance that produces 
delirium. 

1875 H.C. Woop Therap. (1879) 219 In some .. 
acts as a delirifacient. 

Delirious (d/li‘rias), a. 
-ous.] 

1. Affected with delirium, ¢sf. as a result or 
symptom of disease ; wandering in mind, light- 
headed, temporarily insane. 

1706 Swit Death of Partridge, Vhe people. .said, he had 
been for some time delirious; but when I saw him, he had 
his understanding as well as ever I knew. 1751 Jounson 
Rambler No. 153 #11 He caught a fever..of which he died 
delirious on the third day. 1804 ABERNETHY Sarg. Obs. 175 
He had gradually become delirious, and. .could rcely be 
kept in bed, 1871 Str ‘T. Watson Princ. Physic (ed. 5) I, 
xviii, 350 ‘The patient, complaining probably of his head, 
becomes all at once and furiously delirious. . 

b. Belonging to or characteristic of delirium. 

1703 J. Locan in 7a. /ist. Soc. Mem. 1X.188 In what he 
has wrote to-day one paragraph may appear almost de- 
lirious. 1809 Aled. Frnd. XXII. 435 March 25th. .‘The whole 
of this day he has talked quite incoherently. .March 26th. 
‘The same delirious manner has continued all this day. 1874 
Carrenter A/ent. Phys. 1. i. § 7 (1879) 8 The delirious 
ravings of Intoxication or of Fever, /. 

2. dransf. and fig. a. Characterized by wild ex- 
citement or symptoms resembling those of delirium ; 
frantic, crazed, ‘mad’, 

1791 Cowper /7iad xv. 156 Frantic, delirious ! thou art 
lost for ever! 1829 I. Taytor Exthus. iv. (1867) 77 ‘The 
delirious bigot who burns with ambition to render himself 
the enemy ..ofthe Church, 1855 Brimiey “ss., 7ennyson 
76 Snatches of song that make the world delirious with 
delight. : ; 

b. Of things, actions, etc. 

1599 Broughton’s Lett. iti, 13 You. .charge the High com- 
mission of Atheisme, for calling you to account for your 
delirious doctrine. 1818 Byron CA. //ar. iv. Ixx, How the 
giant element From rock to rock leaps with delirious bound, 
1858 CarLyLe /redh. Gt. (1865) I. 1. vi. 87 ‘The delirious 
screech. .of a railway train, 

Deliriously, a/v. [f. prec. + -1y¥2.] Ina 
delirious manner ; madly, frantically. 

1820 Byron War. Fal... i.240 The plague Which sweeps 
the soul deliriously from life! 1863 E. C. Clayton Quevus 
of Song I. 380 They were deliriously dancing, shouting, 
singing..with the most hilarious gaiety. 

Deli-riousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The 
state of being delirious; delirium. 

1779-81 Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 86 Pope, at the 
intermission of his deliriousness, was always saying some- 
thing kind. .of his..friends, 1782 HeBerDEN Comment. xii, 
Giddiness, forgetfulness, slight deliriousness. 1855 SINGLE- 
ton Virgil I. 268 What such intense deliriousness ? 

Delirium (délitrijm). Pl. deliriums, -ia. 
[a. L. delirium (Celsus), madness, derangement, 
deriv. of délirdre to be deranged : see DELIRE v.] 

1. A disordered state of the mental faculties re- 
sulting from disturbance of the functions of the 
brain, and characterized by incoherent speech, hal- 
lucinations, restlessness, and frenzied or maniacal 
excitement. 

1599 Broughton’s Lett. xii. 42 It is but the franticke de- 
dirium of one, whose pride hath made him ¢pevanarav. 
1656 Rinctey Pract. Physick 143 ‘The signs are a weak 
Pulse..delirium. 1670 Corton Esfernon ut, xi. 648 His 
Deliriums had far longer intervals than before. 1707 FLoyer 
Physic. Pulse-Watch 357 The Delisia and Melancholic 
Fevers are indicated by this Pulse. 1756 Burke Sud. §& B. 
Introd. Wks. I. 103 Opium is pleasing to Turks, on account 
of the agreeable delirium it produces. 1840 Dickens O/d 
C. Shop xi, In a raging fever accompanied with delirium. 
1871 Sir T. Watson Princ. Physic ag 5) I. xviii. 360 ‘The 
delirium you will generally find to be not a fierce or mis- 
chievous delirium, but a busy delirium. : 

2. fig. Uncontrollable excitement or emotion, as 
of a delirious person; frenzied rapture ; wildly 


absurd thought or speech, 

1650 Howe Lt Masanielio 1. 126 He had broken out into 
a thousand delirium’s and fooleries. 1709 STEELE 7atler 
No. 125 P 10 Any Free-thinker whom they shall find publish- 
ing his Deliriums. 1791-1823 D’Israeti Cur, Lit. (1866) 2/1 
Testimonies of men of letters of the pleasurable delirium 
of their researches. 1836 W. Irvinc Astoria II. 225 He 
jumped up, sh d, clapped his hands, and danced in a de- 
Jirium of joy, until he upset the canoe. 1879 Gro. Exior 
Theo. Such xiv. 254 The gorgeous delirium of gladiatorial 
shows. 

Delirium tremens (d/li‘rim tri*menz). [mod. 
Medical Lat. =trembling or quaking delirium.] A 
species of delirium induced by excessive indulgence 


morphia 


[fh L. delirt-um + 


DELIROUS, 


in alcoholic liquors, and characterized by tremblings 
and various delusions of the senses. 


‘The term was introduced by Dr. Sutton, in 1813, for that 
form of delirium which is rendered worse by bleeding, but 


- 
166 
1684 T. Hockin God's Decrees 212 The yertue of those 
means..may be long delitescent, and lye hid. 1836-7 Six 


W. Hamitton Metaph, xxx. (1870) I. 213 The immense 
proportion of our intel i of our 


uent writers it 
has been almost exclusively applied to delirium resulting 
from the abuse of alcohol.’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 

1813 T. Sutton (¢/t/e), Tracts on Delirium Tremens, etc., 

etc, 1865 Tytor Early Hist. Man. i. 6 The fiends which 
torment the victim of delirium tremens. 
Jig. 1832 Blackw. ate: Jan. 123/2 The delirium tremens 
of radicalism, in which the unhappy patient. .imagines him- 
self haunted by a thousand devils, who are not only men 
but ‘Tories. ~ 

+ Delirous, a. Ods. [f. L. délir-us doting, 
crazy (f. De- I. 2 + diva ridge, furrow : cf. DELIRE) 
+-0US.] =DELIRi00s; crazy, raving. , 

1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. (1712) 33 The rampant and 
delirous Fancies of..Paracelsus. @ 1687 /did. 54 ‘They that 
deny this true Enthusiasm, do confirm those wild delirous 
Fanaticks in their false Enthusiasm. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low 
C. 144 We observed in these Countries more Idiots\and de- 
lirous persons than anywhere else. 1722 Phil. Trans. 
XXXII. 25 He became delirous with Convulsions. 

Hence + Deli‘rousness. 

1687 H. More Antid. Ath. ut. ix. Schol. (1712) 174 
Many other circumstances have been told me by them .. 
without the least species or shadow of delirougness. 

+ Deliry. Ods. Pl. -ies, [ad. L. déliri-um 
Devirium: cf. ministry.] =DELIRIUM. 


improved by opium, By Rayer and su te 


1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 1, 1. ii. 18 The deliries, or dreams | 


of the Mythologists, touching their Gods. 1677 /bid. 1. 1 
The Deliries or sick Dreams of Origen. 7 = 

Delisk, var. of DULSE, a sea-weed. 

Delit, earlier form of DELIGHT. 

+ Delitability. 0s. In 4 dglitabilite, 
dilat-, diletabilte. [ME. a. OF. delitableté, f. 
delitable: see next.] Delightfulness, delight. 

a1340 Hamrote Psalter Prol., dilatabilte of pis gyft. 
Ibid. \xvii. 36 In diletabilte of luf. ¢ 1340 — Prose Tr. 43 
Gastely joye and delitabilite. 

T Delitable, a. Obs. Also 4 delitabill, -byl 1, 
dilitable, diletabile, 4-6 delyt-, 5 delet-, de- 
lite-, deleitable, dylitabile. [ME. a. OF. de/zt- 
able (delett-, delet-, deliet-), f. delitier to DELIGHT : 
cf. DELECTABLE, DELIGHTABLE.] Affording de- 
light ; delightful, pleasant, delectable. 

¢ 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 220/26 An yle.. pat delitable was 
inou. @1340 Hampo.e /sa/ter Cant. 523 Pe notis of luf er 
delitabylest in the melody bat sho shewys. 1362 Lanct. 
P. Pl. Avi. 32 Dreede dilitable drinke. ¢1386 Cuaucer 
Clerk's T.6 Wher many a tour and toun thou maist by- 
holde .. And many anothir delitable [v. 7”. de-, dilectable] 
sight. c1g00 MaAunvev. (Roxb.) xil. 51 Appels faire of 
coloure and delitable to behald. ¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 
660 A delitable floure. c 1g00 Lancelot 1738 Thar giftis mot 
be fair and delitable. 1500-20 Dunbar Goldyn Varge 120 
Ianus, god of entree delytable. 

+ Delitably, adv. Ods. [f. prec. + -Ly *.] 
In a ‘delitable’ manner; delightfully, pleasantly. 

¢1340 Hamro.e Prose Tr. 18 Pe name sowunes in his herte 
delitably as it were a saunge. c¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, w. i. 
108 Whanne philosophie hadde songen softly and delitably 
pe forseide binges. ¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vt. v. 56 He wes 
. festyd oft delytably. 1450-1530 M/y77. our Ladye 210 He 
abydeth, ,delytablely with desyre. 

+ Delite, sd. Ods. [A derivative, or expansion, 
of Lire sé., in same sense.] Delay. 

1300 Cursor M. 5790 (Gott.) Par-to sal be na lang dilite 
[Coft. lite, Zrin. delay]. ¢ 1340 /bid. 6679 (Fairf.) Dey pai 
salle wip-out delite (Cott. lite, xée quite, quitte]. 

+ Delite, a. Ols.rare. In 5 delyte. [a.OF. 
delit delicious.] Delightful. 

¢1430 LypG. Hors, Shepe § G. 3 This pascalle Lambe 
with-owte spott. .pis lambe moste delyte. 

Delite, the earlier form of DELIGHT. 

Delitescence (delite-séns).  [f. DELITEScENT: 
see -ENCE. (In the medical sense used in F. by 
Paré in 16th c.)] 

1. The condition of lying hid; latent state, con- 
cealment, seclusion. 

1776 Jounson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 22 May, 'To sooth 
him into inactivity or delitescence. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitron 
Metaph. xxx. (1870) Il. 213 The obscuration, the delites- 
cence of mental activities. 

2. Med. a. ‘Term applied to the sudden disap- 

arance of inflammation, or of its events, by reso- 
ution, no other part of the body being affected.’ 
b. ‘ The = during which poisons, as those of 
rabies and smallpox, remain in the system before 
they produce visible symptoms’ (=INcUBATION). 
Syd. Soc. Lex. 

1835-6 Topp Cyc?. Anat. 1. 513/2 This speedy termination 
of the disease has been called by the French writers dedites- 
cence. 1877 Ronerts Handbk. Aled. (ed. 3) 1. 46 Resolution 
ma take place very quickly, this being termed delitescence. 

Delitese . i as prec. : see-ENCY.] a. 
The quality of being delitescent. b. =prec. 1. 

1696 Aubrey AZisc. Introd. (1857) p. xiii, From 1670 to this 
very day..I have enjoyed a happy delitescency. 1805 Pre/- 
to Brathwait's Drunken Barnaby (ed. 5), Republishing this 
facetious little book after a delitescency of near a hundred 
years. 1821 J. L. Avotruus Let. to Heber 8 An extra- 

dinary develop of the passion for deli i. ‘i 
Delitescent (<elite'sént, d7-), a. [ad. L. dé/i- 
téscent-em, pr. pple. of dévitéscére to hide away, f. 
De- I. 2 + datascére, inceptive of datére to lie hid.] 
Lying hid, latent, concealed, 


it cognitions. ‘ 

+ Delitigate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. déliti- 
gare: see -ATE3.] 

1623 CockEram, Deditigate, to skold or chide vehemently. 

Hence Delitiga‘tion. 

1727 Batey vol. II, Deditigation, a striving, a chiding, a 
contending. 

+ Delitous, a. Ods. Also 5 delytous. [a. 
OF. delitous (Bozon), -eus, f. delit DELIGHT: see 
-ous.] Delightful. 

c 1400 Rom. Rose go In this sesoun delytous, Whan love 
affraieth al thing. /did. 489 Swich solace, swich ioie, and 
play..As was in that place delytous. 

Deliver, ¢. Ods. or arch. Also 4-7 dely- 
uer(e, (4 delyure, 5 deliuuer, -liuere, -lyvyr, 6 
-liure). [a. OF. delivre, deslivre (cf. It. dilibero), 
vbl. adj. from delivrer to DELIVER. 

+1. Free, at liberty. Ods. 

1305 Edmund Cad in Z. E. P. (1862) 78 He ne 
mi3te him wawe fot ne hond: his poer him was binome ; Ac 
delyure he hadde al his bo3t. 

2. Free from all encumbrance or impediments ; 
active, nimble, agile, quick in action. 

1380 Will, Palerne 3596 Dou3thi man and deliuer in dedes 
of armes. 1375 Baksour Bruce 11. 737 Bot the Kingis folk, 
that war Deliuer off fute. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 
289 Delyvere men strong an — c 1430 Lypc. Bochas 
ut. i. (1554) 70b, Light and deliuer, voyde of al fatness. 
1472 /’aston Lett. No. 696 III. 47 He is one the lyghtest, 
delyverst, best spokyn, fayrest archer. 1530 PatscGr. 309/2 
Delyver of ones lymmes as they that prove mastryes, soufle, 
Delyver, redy, quicke to do any thyng, agz/e, deliuré. a 1562 
G. CAvENDISH Weney (1827) 141 A number of the most de- 
liverest soldiers. 1580 Stpney Arcadia (1622) 326 Pyrocles, 
of a more fine and deliuer strength. 1600 HotLanp Liz 
Xxvil, xx,683b, Being men light and deliver of bodie. [avch. 
1814 Scotr Wav. xlii, Mr. Waverley looks clean-made and 
deliver. 1887 Eng. /llust. Mag. Nov. 72 He is the most 
deliver at that exercise I have ever set eyes on.) 

+3. Delivered (of a child). Obs. 

01325 E. E. Allit. P.B. 1084 Alle hende pat honestly mo3t 
an hert glade, Aboutte my lady watz lent, quen ho delyuer 
were, ¢ 1335 Metr. Hom. 168 That this abbas suld paynes 
dveght, And be delyuer of hir chylde. ¢1400 Maunpev. 
(Roxb.) xv. 67 Mary was delyuer of hir childe vnder a palme 
tree. ¢1460 Vowneley Myst., Purif. Mary 117 Ffourty 
dayes syn that thou was Delyuer of thy son. 

Deliver (déli:va1),v.1 Also 3-5 deliure, 3-6 
delyuer(e, 4 deliuyr, delyuyr, dilyuer(e, 4-5 
delyuir(e, 4-6 delyure, diliuer(e, 6 Sc. delywer. 
[a. F. délivrer, in OF. also deslivrer, =Pr. de-, 
deslivrar, Cat. desliurar, OSp. delibrar, It. dilibe- 
rare:—late pop. L. déliberare, in Romanic partly 
refashioned as *deslibrare (DE- I. 6), used in sense 
of L. dilerdre to set free, liberate (see Du Cange). 

In cl. Lat. déiderare had a different sense: see 
DELIBERATE. )] 

I. 1. ¢rans. To set free, liberate, release, rescue, 
save. Const. from, out of, tof. ‘ta. To release 
froma place. Ods. (exc. as merged in b, and as a 
traditional phrase in reference to gaol-delivery). 

¢1328 Covr de L. 1140 Whenne I am servyd off that fee, 
Thenne schal Richard delyveryd bee. ¢ 1400 MaunpbEv. 
(Roxb.) xi. 45 Scho delyuerd pe lordes oute of pe toure: 
1513 More in Grafton Chron. Il. 798 The Lorde Stanley 
was delivered out of ward. 1725 DE For Voy. round World 
(1840) 277 ‘The way turned short east..and delivered us 
entirely from the mountains. 1768 BLackstone Comm, III. 
134 That they could not uponan Aadeas corpus either bail or 
deliver a prisoner. 1863 H. Cox /mstit. u. x. 534 A com- 
mission of general gaol delivery, 

b. Now esf. To set free from restraint, immi- 
nent danger, annoyance, trouble, or evil generally. 

ax22ag Ancr. R. 234 Nolde heo neuer enes bisechen ure 
Louerd pet he allunge deliurede hire berof. c1ago Old 
Kent, Serm.in O. E. Misc. 33 pet he us deliuri of alle eueles. 
1382 Wycuir Matt. vi. 13 And leede vs nat in to tempta- 
cioun, but delyuere vs fro yuel. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Moder of 
God 34 Fro temptacioun deliure me. 1549 Bk. Com, Prayer, 
Litany, From al euill and mischiefe, from synne, from the 
craftes and assaultes of the deuyll; from thy wrathe, and from 
euerlastyng damnacion ; Good lorde deliuer us. 1611 Biste 
1 Sam. xvii, 37 The Lord that delivered me out of the paw 
of the lion. .he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philis- 
tine. 1651 Kelig. Wotton. 199, | fell into these thoughts, of 
which there were two wayes to be delivered. 1719 De For 
Crusoe (1840) I. xii. 205 God. .had. .delivered me from blood- 
=. 1845 M. Parrison ss. (1889) I. 26 Chilperic was 

lelivered from the necessity of inventing any new expedient. 

1 R. Extis Catullus lxiv. 396 Stood in body before them, 
a fainting host to deliver. 

+ ¢. spec. To release or free (any one) from his 
vow, by putting him in a position to discharge it ; 
to accept combat offered by. [So in OF.] Ods. 

2a 1400 Morte Arth, 1688 3if thow hufe alle the daye, thou 
bees noghte reeds 1470-85 Maory Arthur vu. xiv, I 
care not..what knyghte soo euer he be, for I shal soone de- 
lyuer hym. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 77 For to take entreprises, to 
answere or deliver a gentilman that desire in worship to doo 
armes in liestis to the utteraunce, or to certein pointis. 152 
Lp. Berners /roiss. 1, ccclxxiii. 617 Then it was sayd to al 
the knightes there about, Sirs, is there any of you that will 
delyuer this knight ?..Sir Wylliam of Fermyton. .sayd. .if 
it pleases him a lytell to rest hym, he shall anone be 
delyuered, for I shall arme me agaynst hym, 

+2. To free, rid, divest, clear (a) of, (0) from. 

1314 Guy Warw, (A.) 3248 Deliuer pi lond. .Of alle bine 


DELIVER. 


dedeliche fon. c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. i. 64 Who so 
sowe a felde plentiuous lat hym first it 


1540-1 Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) 32 At last 

livered the. .of him. pe Homies. Gaot Pradey 

411 It pleased him [Christ] to deliver himself of 
ogg 1868 B: L Serm. on living Subj. 2 
7 peer an aie — deli d of its harsh 
st etc. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Ci: - 193 Anoynte be i 

wole delyvere him fro i Ae. 1627 Donne Serm. v. 


Yet we doe not deliver Moses from all infirmi 
1632 Litucow 77rav, vu. 323 A stone. .which hath 
to deliuer a woman from her paine in child-birth. 
Prim. Orig. Man. To Rar., If the Expressions .. be .. de- 
livered from Amphibologies. . 

+b. vefl. To free oneself, get clear or rid of. Ods. 

¢ 1300 A’. Adis. 1319 Anon they deliverid heom of Mace- 

doyne. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 208, I counseyll 
you that ye .. delyver yourselfe of Reynawde assone as 
maye. 1530 ParsGr. 511/1, I can nat delyver me of hym 
no meanes. [1709 BerKetey /ss. Vision § 51 [He] may be 
able to deliver If from that prejudice. } 4 

c. To deliver a gaol: to clear it of prisoners in 
order to bring them to trial at the assizes. 

1523 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 34 To deliver 
any gayole wttin the towne, 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 24 
§ 16 All suche iustices .. shal haue auctoritee.. to deliuer 
the same gaoles from time to time. 1890 Spectator 26 Apr. 
584/2 The gaol must be delivered before the Judge leaves 
the assize town, J 

+d. transf. To make riddance of, get rid of, 
dispel (pain, disease, etc.) ; to relieve. Obs. 

1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 405 b/x A lytel medecyne ofte 
delyuereth a grete languor and payne. 1576 Baker Yewedl 
of Health 53», ‘Vhis water. .delyvereth the griefe of the 
stone. 1610 Guituim Heraldry iv. v. (1660) 282 That so his 
momentany passion .. might by some like intermission of 
time be delivered, and so vanish away. . 

3. To disburden (a woman) of the foetus, to brin 
to childbirth ; in fasséve, to give birth to a chil 
or offspring. Rarely said of beasts. (The active 
is late and chiefly in obstetrical use.) 

1325 Metr. Hom. 63 For than com tim Mari mild Suld 
be deliuerd of hir child. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 5562 (Fairf.) 
Per wimmen. .ar deliuered be baire awen slizt. 1480 Caxton 
Chron. Eng. \xxi. 53 Tyme come that she shold be de- 
lyuered an rea child. 1484 — Fables of AEZsop 1. ix 

bytche which wold lyttre and be delyured of her lytyl 
dogges. 1568 Tuney Disc. Mariage Cviij, To have th 
wyfe with childe safely delyvered. 1611 Suaxs. Wnt. 7. 
1. ii. 25 She is, something before her time, deliuer'd. x 
Cooke Marrow of Chirurg. i. 1. i. (ed. 4) 168 The thi 
time they sent and begged I would deliver her. 1754-64 
SMELLIE haba I. Introd. 70 A better method bee sT 
in laborious and preternatural cases. 1805 A/ed. Frnl. X1V. 
521 By making an incision in the urethra. .the eens might 
be delivered. cx Arab. Nts. @tidg.) 448 The queen.. 
was in due time safely delivered of a prince. 

fig. 1634 Hevwoon Mayden-head well Lost 1. Wks. 1874 
IV. 108 My brain’s in labour, and must be deliuered Of some 
new mischeife. a 1640 PeAcnam (J.), Tully was long ere he 
owett Plato 


speeches about virtue before now, and to many 


persons, 
+b. pass. Of the offspring: To be brought forth 


deliver’d from thy brain. 1 1 
many Euents in the Wombe of Time, which 

4. To disburden, unload. ? Ods. 

1793 SMEATON Edystone L. $289 The Weston was delivered 
of her cargo. po in A. Duncan Ne/son 231, 26th. Delivered 
the Spaniard, and sunk her. 1851 Mayne Rew Scalp Hunt. 
xxxiv. 267 The brace of revellers went staggering over the 
azotea, delivering their stoma : 

5. refl. To disburden oneself of what is in one’s 
mind ; to express one’s opinion or thought; to utter 
words or sounds; to speak, discourse. (Cf. 10.) 

¢ 1340 Cursor M, 20391 (Trin.), I delyuered me of my ser- 
moun. 1654 tr. Martini's Cong. China 217 He delivere 
himself thus unto them, ‘I -_ by your valour to obtain 
the Empire of the world’. 1660 7¥#ad Regic. 42, 1 now de- 
sire to know, whether it be now to deliver my self, 
before you proceed to the calling of Witnesses. 1713 STEELE 
Englishman No. rf 1g Some Merchants .. delivered them- 
selves against the ill before our Houses of Lords and Com- 
mons. 1782 Fie.pinc Amedia vi. vii, Amelia delivered her- 
self on the subject of second marriages with much eloquence. 
1869 Goutnurn urs. Holiness x. 91 Delivering Himself .. 
in sentiments the very tones of which are unearthly. 


II. +6. trans. pe a rid of or dispose of — 


quickly, to dispatch ; v¢/. to make haste, be quick. 
©1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Kut. 1434 Se ad Daler We 
metely delyuered. ¢1475 Rauf Coilzear f= Deliuer the .. 
and mak na delay. 1523 Lp, Berners /7viss. 1. cccxxvi. 
nd The Romayns.. sayd, Harke, ye sir cardynalles, de- 
yuer you atones, and make a pope; Ye tary to longe. 
1530 Patscr. ee ‘2, I delyver, Tipdde ot dispatche thynges 


shortly out of handes, Ye desPeche. i 
+b. ? To dispatch, make awa dare =~ eee, 
@ 1400-50 Alexander is breme . Ajt and tuen' 
men of armes onone er, 3030 pis. be c Guy Warw.(C.) 
1o1go And wyth the grace of god almyght To delyuyr 


enmyes wyth ryght. 

III. 7. To give up entirely, give over, surrender, 
yield; formerly often sfec. to give up to an evil 
fate, devote to destruction, ruin, or the like. Also 
with over (obs. or — - ne t 

C M. t.) Him eliuer your yon: 
Caen ee rene cei isE) Hie delivercd his master 
vp. cx300 Beket 724 Kynges baillyf delivri him to 
anhonge other to drawe, 1483 Caxton G. de da Tour 


ee 


DELIVER, 


E vij b, The moders of them shall be delyuered to the dolor- 
ous deth of helle. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 771 
That the goods of a sanctuary man, shoulde be delivered 
in payment of his debtes, _ 1593 Suaks. Rich. //, 111. i. 29 
See them deliuered ouer To execution, and the hand of 
death. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 321 The French 
came from the mountaine, and..delivered up their armes. 
1638 Sik T. Hersert 7'rav. go Hee also assaults Tzinner, 
which tho a while well kept..is in the end delivered, 1771 
Mrs. Grireitu tr. Viand's Shipwreck 97 To take our chance, 
and deliver ourselves over into the hands of Providence. 
1777 Watson Philip [I (1839) 133 ‘Count Egmont,’ said 
Kew ‘deliv your sword ; it is the will of the King that 
‘ou give it up, and go to prison.’ 1845 M, Pattison Zss. 
Gea89 I. 2 When premiers deliver up their portfolios. 

+b. ref. To give oneself up, surrender, devote 
oneself, Ods. 

@ 1533 Lo. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) B vj, I de- 
lyuered myselfe with greatte desyre to knowe thynges. 

8. To hand over, transfer, commit to another’s 
possession or keeping; sfec. to give or distribute 
to the proper person or quarter (letters or goods 
brought by post, carrier, or messenger) ; to present 
(an account, etc.). Const. 40, or with simple dative. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 430 Alle = byssopryches, pat de- 
lyuered were Of Normandye & Engelond, he 3ef al clene 
pere. c1300 K. Adis. 1011 In a castel heo was y-set, And 
was deliverid liversoon, Skarschliche and nought foisoun. 
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxv. 119 He delyuers pis currour 
pe lettres. c1440 /fomydon 1282 Delyuere my mayde to 
me this day. 1530 Patscr. ay I delyver, I gyve a thyng 
in to ones handes to kepe. Ye iure. 1535 WRIOTHESLEY 
Chron. (1875) I. 28 Who had his pardon delyvered him on 
the Tower Hill. 165 Hosses Lev/ath. u. xxii, 122 To joyn 
in a Petition to be delivered to a Iudge, etc. 1745 Col. Rec. 
Pennsylv. V.9 He delivered back the String of Wampum 
sent him, 1843 Prescotr Mexico (1850) I. 255 A message 
which he must deliver in person, 1881 Gotpw. Smitu Lect. 
& Ess. 260 The postmaster had written the letter as well as 
delivered it, 1892 Law Times’ Rep. LXVII. 52/2 No bill 
of costs was ever delivered. Mod. Get the address from the 
postman who delivers in that part of the town. How often 
are letters delivered here ? 
ras 1526-34 TINDALE 1 Cor. xi. 2 That ye .. kepe the or- 
inaunces even as I delyvered them to you. 1598 SuHaxs. 

Me W, w. iv. 37 The superstitious idle-headed-Eld Re- 
ceiu'd and did deliuer to our age This tale of Herne the 
Hunter, 1794 Suttivan View Nat. 11, Seven persons only 
were necessary to deliver the history of the creation and fall 
from Adam to Moses. 

b. Zaw. To give or hand over formally (esp. a 
deed to the grantee, or to a third party): see Dr- 
LIVERY 4b (4). So ‘to deliver’ seisin of heredita- 
ments, or a corporeal chattel. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 15a, If aman make a deede 
of feoffemente unto another .. and delyvereth to him the 
deed but no livery of seisin. c1rg90 MarLtowk aust. v. 110 
Speak, Faustus, do you deliver this as your deed? 1623 in 
New Shaks, Soc. Trans. (1885) 505 We» said Indent® was 
sealled and deliuered by all the parties thervnto. 1767 
Biackstone Comm, II. 306 A seventh requisite to a good 
deed is that it be delivered, by the party himself or his cer- 
tain attorney. 1844 Witiiams Real Prof. vii, (1877) 148 
‘The words ‘I deliver this as my act and deed’, which are 
spoken at the same time, are held to be equivalent to de- 
livery, even if the party keep the deed himself. 

+c. poetic, with weakened sense of ‘To hand 
over, present’. Ods. 

r6or Suaxs. T'wel. N. 1. ii. 43 O that I.. might not be 
deliuered to the world Till I had made mine owne occasion 
mellow. 1607 — Cor. v. iii. 39 The sorrow that deliuers vs 
thus chang’d Makes you think so. 

IV. 9, To give forth, send forth, emit; to dis- 
charge, launch ; to cast, throw, project: a. things 
material. 

1597 T. J. Serm. Paules C. 37 The bow, being ready bent 
to deliuer the arrowe. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. VII, v. iv. 59 
A File of Boyes, .deliuer’d such a showre of Pibbles. 1633 ® 
James Voy. 71 (The pump] did deliuer water very sufficiently. 
1702 Luttrett Brief Rel. (1857) V. 207 The earl of Kent, 
as he was delivering his bowl upon the green at Tunbridge 
Wells last Wensday, fell down and immediately died. 
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 291 In delivering his 
hee he lost his balance. 1850 ‘Bat’ Crick. Man. 39 
Before a ball is delivered, the umpires station themselves at 
their respective wickets, 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 May 5/2 
The enemy .. waited till Middleton's volunteers had ap- 
proached very close before they delivered their fire. 

b. a blow, assault, attack, etc. Zo deliver battle : 
to give battle, make or begin an attack. 

1842 ALIson Hist. Europe XI. xxv. § 36.349 The Emperor 
was. oie to deliver a defensive battle. 1864 Daily Tel. 
9 Nov., The assaults were badly delivered. 187. take 

hort Hist. vii. §6. 405 When Philip at last was forced to 
deliver his blow. 

+e. To put forth freely (bodily action, etc.) : 
cf. DELivery 6. Obs. 

@ 1586 Sipvry (J.), Musidorus could not perform any action 
..more strongly, or deliv er that strength more nimbly. 184g 
Frail. R. Agric. Soc. V. 11. 530 He [a horse] must... be taught 
to raise his knee and deliver his leg with freedom. 

+d. fig. To give out*as produce, to produce, 
yield, Ods. , 

1605 VERSTEGAN Dec. [ntell, ii. (1628) 5x The mynes .. do 

. deliuer gold, siluer, copper. ; 

10. To give forth in words, utter, enunciate, 
pronounce openly or formally. (Cf. 5.) 

Here the object is usually either something in the speaker's 
mind, as a judgement or opinion, or (now very commonly) 
the speech or utterance itself, with reference to its mode of 


ey. 
I LEMING Panop/. E fist. 56 To a question by him pro- 
pounded, this answere was delivered. 1589 Putrennam 


167 


Eng. Poesie . xiii. [xiv.] (Arb.) 134 The vowell is alwayes 
more easily deliuered then the consonant, 1615 Crookr 
Body of Man v. xxxi. (1616) 341 Galen deliuering the pre- 
cepts of health. 1667 Perys Diary (1879) IV. 435 Heis.. 
bold to deliver what he thinks on every occasion. 1771 
Junius Lett. liv. 286, 1am calledgypon to deliver my opinion. 
1804 Med. Frni. X11. 384 Dr. John Reid ..intends to de- 
liver..a Course of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of 
Medicine. 1873 Hamerton /nfed/, Life 150 Like an orator 
who knows that he can deliver a passage, and compose at 
the same time the one which is to follow. 1882 77mes 25 
Noy. 4 The Master of the Rolls, in delivering judgment, 
said [etc.]. 

b. absol. or intr. To ‘deliver oneself’, dis- 
course; to pronounce an opinion or verdict; to 
‘make deliverance ’. 

1807 Ropinson Archwvol. Greca Vv. xxi. 525 They first de- 
livered on civil affars: afterwards the discourse turned on 
war, 1859 Saca 7w. round Clock (1861) 97 Poor jurymen.. 
understanding a great deal more about the case on which 
they have to deliver at its commencement than at its ter- 
mination, , 

+e. adsol. or intr. To utter notes in singing. 

1530 Patscr. 510/2, I delyver quickly, as one dothe in 
syngynge..I never herde boye in my lyfe delyver more 
quyckely, 

+11. ¢vans. To declare, communicate, report, re- 
late, narrate, tell, make known; to state, affirm, 
assert ; to express in words, set forth, describe. Ods. 

1557 Order of Hospitalls Hvj, Goe to the Lord Maior, 
and deliuer unto him the disobedience of the said Constable. 
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 219 ‘The Duke. .himselfe 
unto the king, delivered what hee had seene. 1611 Suaks. 
Wint. T. v. it. 4, 1..heard the old Shepheard deliuer the 
manner how he found it. 1655-60 Stantey //ist. Philos. 
(1701) 114/1 The time of his birth is no where expresly de- 
livered. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1, 80, I will here deliver 
one or two Optical Experiments, 1768 STERNE Sent. Journ. 
(1778) II. 1 (Fedde de Chambre) What the old French officer 
had delivered upon travelling. 1790 Patey Hore Paul. i. 5 
Particulars so plainly delivered. .in the Acts of the Apostles. 
1800 Vince /ydrostat. (1806) 5 Like his general principles 
of motion before delivered. 

tb. with obj. clause. Ods. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 44 It was delivered 
hee hung himselfe for aoe 1658 Browne //ydriot. i, 
That they held that Practice in Gallia, Caesar expressly de- 
livereth. 1698 Fryer Acc. £, India §& P 161 Who founded 
these, their Annals nor their Sanscript deliver not 

te. with obj. and complement. (és. 

1636 MassincErG?. Dk, Florence 1. ii, She is deliver’d. . For 
a masterpiece in nature. 1649 Mitton “ikon. 11 History 
delivers him a deep dissembler. @ 1687 Petty Pol. Avith. 
iv. (1691) 64 The Author .. delivers the Proportion ..to be 
as Thirty to Eighty two. 

V. 12. Pottery and Founding. To set free from 
the mould; ref. and zz¢r. To free itself from the 
mould ; to leave the mould easily. 

1782 Wepcwoon in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 310 To make 
the clay deliver easily, it will be necessary to oil the mould. 
1832 Porter Porcelain & Gl, 50 The ware..dries in a suffi- 
cient degree to deliver itself (according to the workman's 
phrase) easily from the mould. 1880 C. T, Newton Z'ss, 
Art § Archeol. vi. 272 That oil or grease had been applied 
..to make the mould deliver. 

+ Deli-ver, v.2 Obs. [A variant of DELIBER v., 
with Romanic change of L, 4 to v, as in prec.] = 
DELIBER, to deliberate, determine. 

1382 Wycuir 2 Sam. xxiv. 13 Now thanne delyver, and 
see, what word I shal answere to hym. ¢1440 CarGRAVE 
Life St. Kath, 1. 966 Deliuer bis mater, so god 3o0ur soulys 
saue, 1535 Stewart Cro. Scot, II. 520 Oft in his mynd 
revoluand to and fro, Syne at the last deliuerit hes rycht 
sone, To tak his tyme sen it wes oportune. 

Hence + Deli:vered /. a., deiermined, resolved. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) I. 259 With deliverit 
mind to assailye thame in the brek of the day. 1552 Apr. 
Hamitton Catech, (1884) 12 We consent nocht with ane de- 
liverit mynd. 

Deliverable (d/li'vorib’l), a. [f. Driver v.! 
+-ABLE; cf, OF. deliverable, delivrable (15-17th 
c. in Godef.).] That can or may be delivered ; to 
be delivered (according to agreement): cf. payad/e. 

1755 Macens J/usurances I, 401 Ten thousand Pounds of 
good and deliverable Dutch made Starch. 1877 Act 40-1 
Vict. c. 39 § 5 Where the document .. makes the goods 
deliverable to the bearer. 1889 Macm. Mag. Mar. 270/2 
So wild and shrill a cry of human anguish, that the like of 
it I could never imagine deliverable by human lips. 

Deliverance (d/li-vorins). [a. OF. delivrance, 
desi--(t2th c. in Littré) = Pr. delivransa, desl-, f. 
délivrer, delivrar to DELIVER : see -ANCE.] 

1. The action of delivering or setting free, or fact 
of being set free (+ of, from confinement, danger, 
evil, etc.) ; liberation, release, rescue. 

c1290 S, Eng. Leg. I. 197/118 A-serued heo hath to alle 
pe contreie deliueraunce of langour, cx R. Brunne 
Chron. (1810) 121 William Marschalle .. gaf for his delyuer- 
ance pe castelle of Schirburne. 1340 Hampote Pr. Conse, 
3585 For pair deliverance fra payn. 13.. Poems . Vernon 
AS, 226/200 Of alle peos Merueylous chaunces Vr lord hab 
sent vs diliueraunces. ¢ 1400 Maunpev, (1839) xxiii. 247 It 
hath a round wyndowe abouen that. .seruethe for delyuer- 
ance of smoke, ¢1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4074 Sho,. lete 
hym out at a wyndowe so making his daly vonnest 1483 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/2 That he shold praye to god for the 
delyueraunce of his sekenesse. 1568 Grarton Chron, II. 408 
On the behalfe of king Ric! for his delyveraunce out 
of prison. 165r Hoppes Leviath, m1. xxxv. 221 Our deliver- 
ance from the bondage of sin. 1719 De For Crusoe (1858) 
139 The greatest deliverances I enjoyed, such as m escape 
from Sallee, 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. xviii. 
144 At no moment. .had hopes of deliverance been higher. 


DELIVERANCE. 


+b. ‘ Delivery’ of a gaol: see DELIVER v.1 2c. 

¢ 1400 Gamelynx 745 Pat pou graunte him me Til pe nexte 
sittyng of delyueraunce. 1464 Nottingham Rec. II. 377 
Paied to the Justices of Deliuerance for the Gaole Delyuere. 
1487 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 3 The next generall gaoles de- 
liveraunce of eny suche gaole. : 

ec. In the ritual observed at a criminal trial. 

1565 Sir T, Smitu Comsmonw. Eng. xxv.99 No man that 
is once indicted can be deliuered without arraignment. 
/bid. [Form of proclamation in court when no indictment is 
produced], A. B. prisoner standeth here at the barre, if any 
man can say any thing against him, let him now speake, for 
the prisoner standeth at his deliuerance ; If no man do then 
come, he is deliuered without anie further processe or 
trouble. [In Budden’s Latin transl. 1601: mam vinctus 
liberationem expectat: si nemo enum tum incusaverit, in 
libertatem pristinam asseritur.| Ibid, 102 (Form of procl. 
on trial by Jury] If any man can giue evidence, or can 
say any thing against the prisoner, let him come now, for he 
standeth vpon his deliuerance [Budden: nam de captivi 
liberatione agitur). 1660 Trial Regic. 21, Col. Harrison. 
‘I do offer myself to be tried in your own way, by God and 
my Countrey.’ Clerk, ‘God send you a good deliverance,’ 
/bid, 35 For now the Prisoner [Col. Harrison] stands at the 
Bar upon his Deliverance. 1781 Trial Ld. Geo, Gordon 7 
Clerk, ‘How will you be tried 1’ Gordon. ‘ By God and my 
country.’ Clerk. ‘God send you a good deliverance.’ 

(It is possible that this has been in later times associated 
with the ‘true deliverance’ of the Jury : see 8b.) 

+ 2. The being delivered of offspring, the bringing 
forth of offspring ; delivery. Ods. 

¢ 1325 Metr. Hom, 72 'Vhis womane yode wit chylde full 
lange .. myght scho haue na delyueraunce. ¢1350 /V7//. 
Palerne 4080 Mi wif .. Deied at pe deliueraunce of mi dere 
sone, ¢1450 M/erdin 13 ‘lwo women flor to helpe hir at hir 
delyueraunce when tyme is. 1548-9 ( Mar.) bh. Com. Prayer, 
Churching of Women, Vo geue you safe deliuerance. 1611 
Suaks, Cyd. v. v. 370 Nere Mother Reioyc’d deliuexance 
more. 1625 Gonsalvio's Sp. /nquis, 122 Within foure dayes 
after her deliuerance, they tooke the childe away from her. 

Jig. 1660 WiLtsForD Scales Comm. 190 Sulphurious Me- 
teors fir’d in the wombs of clouds, break forth in their de- 
liverance with amazement to mortals. 

+3. The action of giving up or yielding; sur- 
render. Oés, 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 158, I am not bonden to 
mak deliuerance. 1404 in Ellis Orzg. Lett, Ser. 1. I. 38 
Awyn..is accordit with all the men that arne therinne save 
vij, for to have dilyverance of the Castell ata certayn day. 
1548 Hatt Chron, 19 b, The kyng openly saied that if they 
wolde not deliver them, he woulde take them without de- 
liverance. 1568 GRAFTON Chvon. II. 227 Vo make deliver- 
ance of the towne of Barwike. 

+4. The action of handing over, transferring, or 
delivering a thing to another ; delivery. Ods. 

1340 Cursor M. 5045 (Fairf.) He made delf[iJueraunce 
per of corne. ¢ 1449 Pecock Ref. 404 Eer than the receyuer 
make Execucioun or Delyuerance of the thing or deede bi 
him 3ouun, 1528 Tysatt in Strype Zcc/. AZem. 1. App. xvii. 
38 After the delyverance of the sayd New Testament to 
them. 1631 Stax Chamb. Cases (Camden) 35 The Sheriffe 
did not make deliverance of 400 sheepe. 

b. Law. Writ of second deliverance: a writ for 
re-delivery to the owner of goods distrained or un- 
lawfully taken, after they have been returned to the 
distrainer in consequence of a judgement being given 
against the owner in an action of replevin. 

a 1565 Rastect tr. Fitsherbert's Nat. Brevium (1652) 174 
The plaintiff may sue a Writ of second Deliverance. 1618 
Putton Stat, (1632) 47 marg., A Writ of Second deliuerance. 
1708 Termes de la Ley 508b, Second Deliverance is a Writ 
made by the Filacer, to deliver Cattel distreined, after the 
Plaintiff is Non-suit in Replevin. 1845 SrerHen Laws Eng. 
(1874) IIT. v. xi. 616 The Statute of Westminster 2 (13 Edw. I 
c, 2)..allowed him a judicial writ issuing out of the original 
record (called a writ of second deliverance). 

+ 5. Sending forth, emission, issue, discharge. 

1626 Bacon Sylva §g9 This Motion worketh .. by way of 
Proofe and Search, which way to deliuer itself; And then 
worketh in progresse, where it findeth the Deliuerance 
easiest. 

+6. The action or manner of uttering words in 
speaking ; utterance, enunciation, delivery. Ods. 

1553 T. Witson RhezZ, (1580) 222 Singyng plaine song, and 
counterfeictyng those that doespeake distinctly, helpe muche 
to have a good deliveraunce. 1593 SHaks. 3 Hen. VJ, u. i. 
97 At each words deliuerance. 1609 HoLtanp As. 
Marcell, xxx. ix. 397 For his speech, readie he was ynough 
in quicke deliverance. 

+ 7. The action of reporting or stating something ; 
that which is stated; statement, narration, declara- 
tion; = DELIvEry 8. Oés. 

1431 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 276 To make a trewe delyuer- 
aunce of swiche goodys as thei receyue. 1509 Hawes Past. 
Pleas. xxix, (Percy Soc.) 143 And to Venus he made deliver- 
aunce Of his complaint. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. 
(1625) 7 What confused deliverance is this? /déd. 1. 44 Doth 
not the very deliverance of your own fact condemne you? 
r62x ‘T. Apams White Devil? (1635) 11, If there wanted no- 
thing in the deliverance. 

b. An utterance ; esp. of a formal character. 

1859 Mitt Liberty ii. (1865) 29 Things which are not pro- 
vided for .. in the recorded deliverances of the Founder of 
Christianity. 1879 M. Arno.p Jr. Critic on Milton Mixed 
Ess. 241 Maraaieg's writing .. often .. is really obscure, if. 
one takes his deliverances seriously. 1883 Manch. Guardian 
29 Sept. 7/3 We can complain of no ambiguity in his present 

~deliverance. 

8. Sc. Law. Judgement delivered; a judicial or ad- 
ministrative order in an action or other proceeding. 

In its most general sense applicable to any order pro- 
nounced by any body exercising quasi-judicial functions. 
In the Bankruptcy Act of 1856 (19 & 20 Vict. c. 79 § 4) ‘de- 
liverance’ is defined as including ‘any order, warrant, judge- 


ment, decision, inter] or d *, Hence the word 
quired a i-technical application to orders in 
bankruptcy proceedings. 


1425 Wyntoun Cron. vu. vi. 90 Of pat [he] Stablysyd, 
and mad ordynance. .and full delyverance. — Dunpar 
Poems ix. 133 Of fals solisting ffor wrang deliuerance At 
Counsale, Sessioun, and at Parliament. 1535 Stewart Cron. 
Scot. 11. 562 In this mater .. Rycht sone I wald heir 3our 
deliuerance. c 1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 
14 (Jam.) Both parties were compromit by their oaths to 
stand at the deliverance of the arbitrators chosen by them 
both. a1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Skiamachia Wks, (1711) 
194 We hope your lordships will give us leave. .to remember 

‘our lordships of your deliverance, June the first,1642. 1752 

. Lournian Form of Process (ed. 2) 35 The Deliverance on 
the Bill is, Fiat ut petitur, to the — Day of — next to come. 
1833 Act 3-4 Will. IV, c. 46 § 25 The said sheriff shall .. 
afte a deliverance thereon finding and ceclaring. .that this 
Act has not been adopted. 1868 Act 31-2 Vict. c. 101 § 75 
The judgment or deliverance so pronounced shall form a 
valid and sufficient warrant for the preparation in Chancery 
of the writ.” : ; 

b. In the (English) Jurors’ oath, in a trial for 
treason or felony, used app, in the sense: Deter- 
mination of the question at issue, verdict. 

1660 Trial Regic. 11 Oct. 32 His Oath was then read to 
him [Sir T, Allen, juror]: You shall well and truly try and 
true deliverance make between our Sovereign rd the 


King, and the prisoners at the Bar, whom you shall have in | 


Charge, according to your Evidence. So help you God! 
1892 S. F. Harris Princ. Crim. Law (ed. 6) xiv. 412. [The 
current formula: the same words with the last clause 
expanded to ‘and a true verdict give, according to the 
evidence ’.] 

(The meaning here has been matter of discussion : cf. 1¢ 
above, and Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Fury.) 

ce. Formal judgement pronounced, expression of 
opinion, verdict. 

(1847 De Quincey Wks. XII. 184 Milton v. Southey & 
Lander: Wordsworth never said the thing ascribed to him 
here as any formal judgment, or what the Scottish law 
would call deliverance.) 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith vy. i. 
§ 2. 298 We cannot but attach great value to the deliberate 
deliverance of so impartial..a man, 1871 SaraH ‘TyTLER 
Sisters & Wives 154 Dr. Harris's deliverance was..that Mr. 
Duke was not looking very well. 

+d. Used (in Sc.) to render L. senatus consultum. 

1533 BeLttenpEN Livy ge 212 (Jam.) Thir novellis 
maid the Faderis sa astonist, that thay usit the samen de- 
liverance that thay usit in extreme necessite. 

+9. °=DELIVERNESS ; DELIVERY 6. Ods, 

14.. Cuaucer Pars. T. ? 378 (Harl. 7334) Pe goodes of 
body ben hele of body, strong be, deliuerance [szx texts de- 
liuerness], beaute [etc.]. 1500-20 Dunpar Thistle § Rose 95 
Lusty of schaip, lycht of deliuerance. 

Deli-verancy. are—'. [See prec. and -ancy.] 
= DELIVERANCE 7 b. 

1853 Zait’s Mag. XX. 365 Being the accredited organ of 
the Government on Scotch topics, his deliverancy neces- 
sarily carries more weight than those of any ordinary 


member. . 
+ Delivera‘tion. 00s. rare—'. [a. OF. de- 


livration in earlier and more popular form de- 


livraison, -otson, -tson), ad. late pop. L. délibera- | 


tion-em (Du Cange), n. of action from déliberare 
to liberate.] Deliverance, liberation, release. 

1sog Hawes Past, Pleas. 148 Who is fettered in chaynes 
He thinketh long after delyveracion Of his great wo. 

Delivered (d/li:void), pf/.a.) [f. Detiverz.! 
+ -ED1.] Set free; disburdened .of offspring ; 
handed over; surrendered; formally uttered or 
stated, etc.: see the verb. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Delyueryd, liberatus, erutus. 
1588 Suaxs. 77. A. Iv. ii. 142 Cornelia, the midwife, and 
my selfe, And none else but the deliuered Empresse. 1665 
Maney Grotius’ Low C. Warres 123 Prince of the de- 
livered City. 1893 Pa// Mal G. 13 Jan. 2/1 The additional 
cost. .for delivered bread. 

+ Delivered, f//. a.2: see DELIVER v.2 

Deliveree (d/li:varz*). [f. Detiver v.1 + -EE.] 
The person to whom something is delivered, 

1887 V. Sampson in Cafe Law Yrui. 37 The putting of a 
deliveree in possession. /d7d. 43 ‘The deliveror should point 
out the subject of delivery to the deliveree. 

Deliveree, obs. form of DELIVERY. 

Deliverer (d/li-vare1), Also 4-6 dely-, 4 -ere, 
6 -our; see also Detiveror. fa. OF. delivrere 
(12th c, in Hatzf.), in obl. case delivreor, -our, -eur 
:—late pop. L. dé/iberator, -orem, agent-n. from dé- 
liberare, ¥. délivrer to DELIVER : see -ER1,] One 
who delivers. 

1. One who sets free or releases; a liberator, 
rescuer, saviour. 

a1340 Hamrote Psalter xix. 7 M ne & my de- 
lyuerere ert ou. 1382 Wycuir Ps, xviii]. 2 My refut, and my 

elyuerere. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Delyuerer, liberator. 
1555 Even Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 53 Thou oughteste 
to..bee thankefull to thy delyuerer, 1667 Mitton ?. L. 
xu. 149 Thy great deliverer, who shall bruise The Serpents 
head, ag Gipson Decl. & F. III. Ixv. 622 He stood 
forth as the deliverer of his country. 1855 Macautay //is¢. 
Eng. 11. 404 Though he had been a deliverer by accident, 
he was a despot by nature, 

2. One who hands over, commits, surrenders, 
etc. ; esp. one who delivers letters or goods, 

1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16 The seller, exchaunger or 
deliuerer. 1534 Act 26 Hen. V/I/, c.6§ 8 by indenture to 
be made betwene the deliuerour .. and the receiuour. 1622 
MisseLpen Yee Trade 104 The Stranger .. would be a de- 
liuerer heere of money at a high rate. 1766 Entick London 
IV. 295 There is..a deliverer of letters to the House of 


168 


Commons, at 6s. 8d. day. 1888 Daily News 25 Aug. 
Each deliverer of mil <a peace a py she: s/s 
3. One who utters, enunciates, sets forth, etc. 
(rare.) y 


1597 Hooker Zcc/. Pol. yun. vi. § 12 Thereof God himself 
was..the deviser, the dischsser, the deliverer. 1651 Kedig. 
Wotton, 202 Among the Deliverers of this Art. 1822 New 
Monthly Mag. \V. 195 The public deliverers of song at the 
Grecian festivals. : 

Deliveress (d/li-varés). rare, [Short for de- 
livreress, {. DELIVERER + -ES8S, in F. délivreresse: 
see -ESS.] A female deliverer. 

1644 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 72 At one side of the cross, 
kneels Charles VII armed, and at the other Joan d’Arc. .as 
the deliveress of the town. 1839 Q. Rev. June 98 Nancy 
comes like the deliveress of the pious /Eneas. 

+ Deli-verhede. Os. [f. Detiver a. + -hede, 
-HEAD.] Nimbleness, agility. 

1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.) m. xiii. 148/2 They shal 
haue delyuerhede of body and lightnesse. 

Deliveri (dfli-varin), vd/. sb. [f. DELIVER 
v.1+-1ne!,] The action of the verb DELIVER, q.v.; 
deliverance, delivery (in various senses). 

c1320 Senyn Sag. 1536 (W.) The maister .. hadde mania 
blessing, For his disciple deliuering. c 14g0 St. Cuthbert 
(Surtees) 5800 Of his delyueryng gled and blithe. 1571 
Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. \xv. 6 By thy wonderfull deliver- 
inges, thy power may be shewed abr: 1642 Jer.Taytor 
Episc. § 36 (R.) Excommunications .. were deliverings over 
to Satan. 1889 J. M. Duncan Dis. Women vi. (ed. 4) 26 
Judgement of the method to be pursued in delivering. 

attrib. 1881 Daily News 19 Jan. 5/5 A few heavy railway 
collecting or delivering vans. 

Delivering, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That delivers: see the verb. 

1887 Pall Mall G. 29 Nov. 11/1 There was no evidence 
that the delivering company..were not willing to supply 
the coal at 8s, a ton, 

+ Deli-verly, adv. Ods. or arch. For forms 
see DeLiver a. [f. DELIVER a. + -Ly 2.] 

1. Lightly, actively, nimbly, quickly. 

¢ 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 2009 Deliuerly he dressed vp, er 
pe day sprenged. _¢1374 Cuaucer Jroylus u. 1088 He.. 
sette [his signet] Upon the wex deliverliche and rathe. 
© 1440 Partonope 7051 His Swerd he pulleth oute delyuerly. 
1549 CHALONER Erasmus on Folly Rija, The nemblier and 
more deliverly to goe about theyr charge. sind S. Purcuas 
Pol. Flying-/ns. x. 50 The claw-tailed Humble Bee .. flyes 
as deliverly when great with young as when she is barren. 

2. Deftly, cleverly. 

1530 Pacscr. 550, I fynger, I handell an instrument of 
musyke delyverly. 1612 7wo Nodle K. mu. v, Carry it 
sweetly and deliverly, 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Cluds 
Wks. (Bohn) III. 93 We get a mechanical advantage in de- 
taching it well and deliverly. 

“| As adj. (erroneous archaism). 

1820 Scotr Monast. xvii, A deliverly fellow was Hughie— 
could read and write like a priest, and could wield brand 
and buckler with the best of the riders. 

Deli-verment. rare. [f. DeLiver v.! +-MENT. 
(Cf. OF. delivrement in Godef.)] = DELIVERANCE 
7 b; open statement, pronouncement. 

1893 Nat. Observer 13 May 640/1 Because the Emperor 
has heretofore spoken unadvisedly, it by no means follows 
that .. Tuesday's deliverment makes for complete inepti- 
tude. 

+ Deli-verness. Oés. [f. DELIVER a.+-NESS.] 
Lightness, activity, nimbleness, agility, quickness. 

1 Hamroce Pr. Conse. 5) Delyvernes and bewte of 
body. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melid. ® 199 Grn thinges ben not 
ay accompliced by strengthe, ne by delyvernes of body. 1489 
Caxton Faytes of A.1. xi. 30 To voyde the strokis by de- 
lyuernes of body. 4 River Image Gov. (1556) 69 b, 
Fewe men surmounted hym in strength and delivernesse. 
a1607 BrichtMan Revelation (1615) 700 Certainly this .. 
deserueth to be called properly by the Latin name, /e- 
dition, for the deliuernes thereof. 

Deliveror (d/li:vorf1). [f. Deviver v1: see 
-or.] A technical variant of DELIVERER, used as 
correlative to de/iveree: one who makes a legal 
delivery of goods, etc. 

1887 [see Detiverre}. ; 

Delivery (d/livori), Forms: 5 deliveree, 
5-6 delyuery(e, 6 -ere, 6-7 deliverie, 6- -ery. 
‘ Anglo-Fr. de/ivrée, fem. sb, f. pa. pple. of dé- 

ivrer to DELIVER: cf, divery, and see -Y.] 

+1. The action of setting free; release, rescue, 
deliverance. Ods. 

Fasyan Chron. vu. ccxxxiii. 266 The quene made 
assyduat laboure for the delyuerye of the kynge her hus- 
bonde. 1558 Even Decades 103 Thankes geuynge to al- 
myghty god for his a preseruation from so many 
imminent perels. 1638 Sir 'T. Hersert 7vav. 90 A servant 
of his..by force attempting his Lords delivery. 1671 
Mitton Samson 1505 Thy hopes are not ill founded, nor 
seem vain, Of his delivery. 1766 Gotosm. Vic. W. xxx, 
Here is the brave man to whom I owe my delivery. 1784 
R. Bace Barham Downs 11. 58 Some that called upon the 
Lord for delivery before there was need. 

b. The action of delivering a gaol: see DELIVER 
v1 2c, and GAOL-DELIVERY. 

2. The fact of being delivered of, or act of bring- 
ing forth, offspring ; childbirth, 

sually of the mother; formerly sometimes of the child; 
cf. DELIVER v. 3. 

1577 B. Goocre Heresbach's Husb, m. (1586) 139 For this 
poore creature..is as much tormented in her deliverie, as 
a shrew. 161x Brece /sa. xxvi. 17 Like as a woman .. 
that draweth neere the time of her deliueri¢. 1648 W. 
Mounracur Devoute Ess, 1. xii, § 1 (R.) As they are 


DELIVERY, 


twins .. their is after such a 

as that of Pharez Page oy Fog Booby on 

Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 29 M 
ladies deli we brave 


your 

Encycl. V1. 446/1 Midwife. -&@ woman wi 

rition or delivery. ; 
attrib, 1876 tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. X1. 562 That form 

of paralysis. .in newly-born children.. which we should call 

delivery-paralysis. — 

b. As the action of the accoucheur or midwife. 

[1660 Suirtey Andromana m1. i. 8, 1 am with child to hear 
the news: Pr’ythee Be quick in the delivery. 1767 Goocn 
Treat. Wounds 1. 323 Injury in a laborious, hasty or in- 
judicious delivery. 1800 Med. Frul. III. 483, I t! 

did not conceive myself justified . .in proceeding to immediate 
delivery. 1889 W. S. Prayrair Treat. Midwifery 11. ww. ii. 
163 a means of effecting artificial delivery was known. 

C. fig. 

@ 1639 Marmion Antiguary mi. ii, My head labours with 
the pangs of delivery. 1823 Scott /everil xlvi, Out started 
the dwarf..and the poor German, on seeing the portentous 
dover of his fiddlecase, tumbled on the floor. 

3. The act of giving up possession of; surrender. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 72? The whole counsaile 
had sente him to require of her the deliverie of him [her 
child). 1548 Hatt Chron. 245 b, The delivery of the Castell 
of Barwyke. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 181 ‘The 
deliverie of the rocke of Saint Julian and of the fort. 1780 
Impartial Hist. War Amer. 147 Marching directly to 
Boston, there to demand a delivery of the powder and 
stores, and in case of refusal to attack the,trcops. 1 
H. H. Witson Brit. Jndia 11. 158 The arrest of Trimbak, 
and his delivery to the British Government. 

The action of handing over, or conveying into 
the hands of another; es. the action of a carrier in 
delivering letters or goods entrusted to him for 
conveyance to a person at a distance. 

1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 140 For the deliveree 
of the said stuff and bedding. 1§56 in Hakluyt ne 
III. 113 Hauing receiued any priuie letters..you shal. .let 
the deliuerie of them at your arriuing in Russia. Sire T. 
Herpert 7vav. 124 He might forge other Letters. .e 
kept he them two dayes without delivery. Burnet 
Hist. Ref. 1. 1. (R),, The investitures of bi: and 
abbots..had been originally given by the delivery of the 

toral ring and staff. 1 . Tooke View Russian Emp. 

II. 652 Extraordinary ps «dad for the ey ot goods, 
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, It [a letter] will here by 
the two o'clock delivery. 185: Ht. Martineau Hist. Peace 
(1877) III. 1v. xiv. 139 The convenience of two or three 
deliveries of letters per day. 1879 R. M. Bactantyne Post 
Haste vii. (1880) 74 The delivery of a telegram. 

Jig. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. §9 Another error is 
in the manner of the tradition and delivery of knowledge. 

attrib. 1720 De For Capt. Singleton xviii. (1840) 316 
Our proper delivery port..was at Madagascar. 1889 Daily 
News 11 Dec. 3/2 Carmen's wages :—Delivery men: Driv- 
ing, 1s. per day and 7d. = ton. ; 

b. Law. (a) The ormal or legal handing over of 
anything to another ; esp. the putting of property 
into the legal possession of another person. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 264 Goods are gotten.. 
by Oe aicaia. 1625 Gut Sacr. Philos. 1. 87 Whereof we 
have already assurance, yea deliverie, and seisure, 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 47 Acts which have been held to 
be a part performance of an agreement. .such as delivery of 
possession; and payment of the whole, or a considerable 
part of the consideration. 1887 V. Sampson in Cafe Law 
3rni. 38 We now come to the several species of constructive 
delivery, of which delivery 4reris manus, or short-hand is 
the first. x89x Law Vimes XC. 473/1 After delivery of 
defence the plaintiff discontinued his action. 

(4) The formal transfer of a deed by the grantor 
or his attorney to the grantee or to a third party, 
either by act or by word : formerly essential to the 
validity of the deed. 

1660 R. Coxe Power §& Subj. 25 Absolute estates of in- 
heritance which ..do not by li and seisin, but by 
delivery of the deed or feoffment. 1809 Tomiins Law Dict. 
s.v. Deed, If I have sealed my deed, and after I deliver it 
to him to whom it is made, or to some other by his appoint- 
ment, and say nothing, this is a good delivery. 1853 
Wuarton Pennsylv. Digest 261 Delivery is necessary to 
give effect to a bond, peal 4 

5. The act of sending forth or delivering (a mis- 
sile, a blow, etc.) ; emission, discharge; throwing 
or bowling of a ball (at cricket, base-ball, etc.). 

1702 Savery Miner's Friend 46 The delivery of your Water 
into a convenient Trough. 1787 Speci, Bryant's Patent 
No. 1631 Useful..by its muc poe delivery of water. 
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales I. 109 The peril. . from the 
delivery of the spear, 1837 W. Martin Bh. nel 
If the hand be above the shoulder in the delivery, the 
umpire must call ‘no ball’, 1882 Daily Tel. 19 May 
(Cricket), Crossland at 68 came on with his fast deliveries. 

b. Founding. See quot. (Cf. Deiver v.! 12. 

Knicut Dict. Mech., Delivery Resa set) the 
or allowance by which a pattern is to free itself from 
close lateral contact with the sand of the mold as it is 
lifted, Also called on : ’ 

+6. Free putting forth of bodily action, ‘ use of 
the limbs, activity’ (J.) ; action, bearing, deport- 
ment. Obs. 

1586 Sipney (J.), Musidorus could not .. deliver that 
strength more nim! ly, or become the delivery more grace- 
fully, 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 127 Men... for 
their Il callings question] of very good delivery. 
1634 Six T. Hersert 7vav, 223 Observing simplicitie in 
the Messingers delivery and lookes. 1639 Worron (J.), 
The duke had the neater limbs, and freer delivery. 174 
Ricuarpson Pamela (1824) 1. xxxii. 319 There is.a great 
deal in a delivery, as it is , in a way, a manner, a de- 
poner, to engage people's attention and Hiking. 1818 

opp, Deliverness, agility .. What we now term rye 

Jig. 1762-71 H. WAvrout Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (17 


assists in partu- 


DELL. 


II. 177 It has the greatest freedom of pencil, the happiest 
delivery of nature, : 

7. The utterance or enunciation (of words), the 
delivering (of a speech, etc.). 

1s81 Petrie Guazso's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 58 All their 
force and vertue lyeth in the sweete deliverie of their 
wordes. 1586 A. Day Zug. Secretary 1. (1625) 37 His skill 
and delivery of forraigne languages [was] so wonderfull. 
1665 Liovp State Worthies (1670) 22 One thing he ad- 
vised young men to take care of in their publick deliveries. 
1818 Jas. Mut Arit, /ndia III. ii, 68 Four days were 
occupied in the hye? | of the speech, 1879 M«Cartuy 
Own Times 11. xix.'57 The speech occupied some five hours 
in delivery. oe ; 

b. Manner of utterance or enunciation in public 
speaking or singing. 
"867 Prrys Diary 19 May, Meriton.. hath a strange 
knack of a grave, serious delivery. 1769 JoHNson in Bos- 
well Life an. 1781 (1848) 679/2 His delivery, though uncon- 
strained, was not negligent. 1853 Hotyoakr Rudin. Public 
Speaking 13 The power of distinct and forcible pronuncia- 
tion is Ae is of delivery. 1892 Sat. Rev. 15 Oct. 443/1 
Few men of his generation had a greater fund of talk or 
a more telling delivery. ~ 4 

+ 8. The action of setting forth in words, or that 
which is set forth ; communication, narration, state- 
ment; = DELIVERANCE 7. Ods. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. {s6e5) 22 The order here- 
after to be observed in delivery of examples. 16x11 SHAks. 
Wint. T. v. ii. 10, 1 make a broken deliuerie of the Businesse. 
5 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. iv, Which enigmatical 
deliveries comprehended usefull verities. 1653 H. Cocan tr. 
Pinto's Trav. xxxvii. 145, I will forbear the delivery of many 
matters, that possibly might bring much contentment. 

Dell! (del). [ME. delle, corresp. to MDu. and 
MLG. delle, mod.Du. del, MHG. and mod.G, ¢ed/e 
:—WGer. *daljd- or *daljén- fem., deriv. of *da/lo-, 
OLG, dal, Date; root meaning ‘deep or low 
place.’ Cf. also Goth. *édalja, and OE. afdz, 
descent. (De// bears nearly the same etymological 
telation to dale, that den does to dean.) | 

+1. A deep hole, a pit. Ols. __ 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. ix, Curtius. .enforsed his horse to lepe 
in to the dell or pitte. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal, Mar. 51 
Thilke same. .Ewe.. Fell headlong into a dell [g/oss, a hole 
in the ground]. 1770 LanGuorne Plutarch (1879) I. 889/1 
He met withdells or other deep holes. 1783 Ainswortu Lat, 
Dict. (Morell) 1, A dell, fossa. 

2. A deep natural hollow or vale of no great ex- 
tent, the sides usually clothed with trees or foliage. 

c 1220 Bestiary 5 Bi wilc weie so he [de leun] wile To dele 
nidér wenden. c1420 Anturs of Arth. i, On a day thay 
hom dy3t into the depe dellus. ¢1475 Rauf Coiljear 17 
The deip durandlie draif in mony deip dell. 1610 FLETCHER 
Faithf. Shepherdess 11. ii, Yon same dell, O'ertopp’d with 
mourning cypress and sad yew Shall be my cabin. 1634 
Mitton Comus 312 Every alley green, Dingle, or bushy 
dell. 1794 Mrs. Rapcurre A/yst. Udolpho xxviii, Disput- 
ing..on the situation of a dell where they meant to form an 
ambuscade. 1798 CoLertncE Fear in Solitude, A green and 
silent spot, amid the hills, A small and silent dell! 1845 
B’ness Bunsen in Hare Zi II. iii. 86 Miss Gurney’s 
cottage is in a sheltered dell, with woods on each side. 

transf. 1812 Soutury in Omniana 1. 54 Young. ladies 
would do well to remember, that if laughter displays dimples, 
it creates dells. 

Bell? (del). Rogues’ Cant. arch. 
girl (of the vagrant class) ; a wench. 

1567 Harman Caveat 75 A Dell is a yonge wenche, able 
for generation, and not yet knowen..by the vpright man. 
162x B, Jonson ha tg Metamorph. Wks. (Rtldg.) 624/x 
Sweet doxies and dells, My Roses and Nells, Scarce out of 
your shells, 1630 ‘Tavor (Water P.) Ws. 11. 112/1 She’s 
a Priests Lemman, and a Tinkers Pad, Or Dell, or Doxy, 
(though the names be bad). 1688 R. Hotmes Armoury i, 
iii. $68 Ded?s, trulls, dirty Drabs, 1834 H. Ainswortu 
Roo, ut. v, ‘Sharp as needles’, said a dark-eyed dell, 

Dell(e, obs, form of DEAL. 

|| Della Crusca (de:l\la kreska). [It. Acca- 
demia della Crusca, lit. Academy of the bran or 
chaff.] The name of an Academy established at 
Florence in 1582, mainly with the object of sifting 
and purifying the Italian language; whence its 
name, and its emblem, a sieve, 

The first edition of its Dictionary, the Vocabolario degli 
Accademici della Crusca, appe in 1612, and the fourth, 
1729-38, has long been considered as the standard authority 
for the Italian language. A new edition on more historical 
lines was begun in 1881. 

Hence Della-Cru'scan a., of, rtaining to, or 
after the style of the Academy della Crusca, or its 
methods; also, applied to a school of English 
poetry, affecting an artificial style, started towards 
the end of the 18th c.; sd. a member of this 
Academy, or English school of poetry. Hence 
Della-Cru‘scanism. 

One of the noted writers of this school was Mr. Robert 
Merry, who ( —* been elected a member of the Florentine 
Academy) adopted the signature of Ded/a Crusca, whence 
the name was extended to the school as a whole. 

[1796 Girrorp A/eviad Introd. While the epidemic 
malady was spreading from fool to fool, Della Crusca [i. e. 
Merry] came over [from Italy], and immediately announced 
himself by a sonnet to Love. .and from one end of the king- 
dom to the other, all was nonsense and Della Crusca.] 1815 

H. Irevanp Scribbleomania 48 Mr. Pratt has certain!y 
indulged too much in the flimsy Della Cruscan style, 1021 
Suetrey Boat on Serchio 67 In such transalpine ‘Tuscan As 
would have killed a Della-Cruscan. 1857 TRENCH Defic. 

ing. Dicts. 7 It is for those who use a language to sift the 
from the flour, to reject that and retain this, They are 
Vou. III, 


A young 


169 


to be the true Della Cruscans. 1881 Athenxum 20 Aug. 
230/t ‘he detestable Della Cruscanism which makes many 
new volumes of verse a positive offence. 

Delly (deli), a vare. [f. Det sd.1 + -y.] 
Abounding in dells. 

1861 G. Catvert Univ. Restoration, Delly woods remote. 

Delocalize (d/lovkaloiz), v. [f. De- II. 1 + 
Locanize v.]  ¢rans, To detach or remove from its 
place or locality, or from local limitations. 

I De Morean in Graves Life Sir W.R. Hamilton 
(1889) III. 505 The Morning Register I could not use; 
you had better not delocalize it. 1867 Lowe. Study Wind., 
Gt. Public Character, We can have no St. Simons or 
Pepyses till we have a Paris or London to delocalize our 
gossip and give it historic breadth. 1870 R. B. D. Morter 
Rep. Land Tenure (Parl. Papers) 208 It was necessary to 
find some means of effecting the transfers..without delocal- 
izing the Land Register. 

Hence Delo‘calized Z//. a., Delocaliza‘tion. 

1887 Daily News 13 Jan. 5/2 A reform in the direction of 
what may be called dockyard de-localisation. 

|| Deloo (d/l). [Native name in Dor language 
(in Soudan) for the gazelle.] A species of antelope, 
Cephalolophus grimmta, found in northern Africa, 
akin to the duykerbok of South Africa. 

1861 J. Perurrick Leys, etc. 482 (Vocab. Dor language) 
Gazelle = diloo. 1874 G. Scuwernrurtu //eart of Africa 
I. 244 The Deloo has only one pair of these glands. ; 

+ Deloy-alty. 00s. rare—'. [ad. F. déloyauté 
formerly desloyaulté; see Dr- I. 6.] = DISLOYALTY. 

1571 Admon. Regent 112 in Sempill Ballads (1872) 132 
Sum hes... Lyfes losit for thair deloyaltie. 

Delph, var. of DELF. 

Delphian (delfian).  [f. De/phz place name + 
-AN.] Of or relating to Delphi, a town of ancient 
Greece on the slope of Mount Parnassus, and to the 
sanctuary and oracle of Apollo there ; hence, of or 
relating to the Delphic Apollo; and ¢,ansf. oracu- 
lar, of the obscure and ambiguous nature of the re- 
sponses of the Delphic oracle. 

1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1.ii. 25 [They] are nothing at all 
ashamed, by the vrine alone to deliyer their Delphian oracles 
concerning all diseases, 1631 Werver Anc. “un. Mon. 48 
This treasure..was a part of the Delphian riches. 1873 
Lowe. Among my Bs, Ser.11. 322 His eyes had an inward 
Delphian look. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid u. 113 We send, 
perplexed, to the Delphian fane, Counsel to ask of the god. 

So De'lphic, + De‘lphical a. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villante 169 Some of his new-minted 
Epithets(as Reall, Intrinsecate, Delphicke). a 1661 Hotypay 
Fuvenal 174 The mathematical table was by the ancients 
called the Delphick table. 1742 Younc Né. Th. vii. 595 
Pride, like the Delphic priestess, with a swell, Rav'd non- 
sense, destin'd to be future sense. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1.60 
This delphic fury—this preternatural possession. 1879 
Daily News 22 Nov. 5/5 This reads rather like a Delphic 
response. _@1603 ‘I’, Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. 7. 
(1618) 174 No riddles or Delphicall answers. 

Delphin (de'lfin), s?. anda. Forms: 4 delfyn, 
5 -fyne, 5-6 delphyn, 6-7 -phine, 6- delphin. 
[a. L. delphin, delphin-us, a. Gr. dedpiv : cf. also It. 
delfino, Sp. delfin, Pg. delfim, Pr. dalfin, dalphin, 
OF. dalphin, daulphin, mod.¥. dauphin, whence 
DowpHin, DAvupuHIy.] 

+A.sb. 1. =Do.puiy. Obs. 

¢1300 K. A/is.6576 A water. . Tiger. . Heo noriceth delfyns, 
and cokadrill. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 41 Thar buth 
oft ytake delphyns, & se-calues. cxqgo Promp. Parv. 54 
Brunswyne or delfyne. .de/phinus. 1555 Even Decades 131 
Of a maruelous sence or memorie as are the elephant and the 
delphyn. 1633 P. Frercner Pisce. Ecl. vu. xiii. 47 ‘The lively 
Delphins dance, and brisly Seales give eare. 

+b. A drinking vessel of the shape of a dolphin. 
Obs. rare—"*, 

1638 Junius Painting of Ancients 162 Some artificiall 
drinking vessels made after the manner‘of a dolphin, were 
called delphines. 

2. Chem, Short for delphinin (see -IN): A neutral 
fat found in the oil of several species of dolphin ; 
called also dolphin-fat and phocenin. 

1863-72 Watts Dict, Chem. 11. 309 Delphin is an oil very 
mobile at 17°C. 

B. adj. 

1. [attrib. use of L. de/phini in phrase ad usum 
Delphini ‘for the use of the Dauphin’.] Of or 
pertaining to the Dauphin of France, and to the 
edition of Latin classics, prepared ‘for the use of 
the dauphin’, son of Louis XIV. 

[z712 Steete Sfect. No, 330. P 4 All the Boys in the 
School, but I, have the Classick Authors ix usu Delphini, 
gilt‘and letter'd on the Back.) 17753 E. Harwoop Gr. § 
Rom, Classics (1778) 222 Delphin Classics, quarto. 1802 
Dispin /ntrod. Classics 10 note, One of the rarest of the 
Delphin editions. 1818 Advt. in Valpy’s Grk. Gram. (ed. 6) 
215 The best text will be used, and not the Delphin. 1877 
Globe Encycl. 11. 36x Valpy’s Variorum Latin Classics .. 
contain the Delphin notes and Juterpretatio. 

2. Chem. A bad form of DELPHINE, DELPHININE. 

Delphina, Delphinate, Chem.: see DELPHIN- 
INE, DELPHINIC. 


+ De'lphinate, obs. variant of DAUPHINATE. 


1619 Brenr tr. lag ak Counc. Trent (1676) 474 Some new 
Stirs, raised by the Hugonots in the Delphinate. 


De‘lphine, a. and sé. [See DEtputn.] 

1. A variant of DeLpui a. (Webster, 1828). 
2. Zool, =DELPHININE a. (Webster, 1828). 
3. Chem, = DELPHININE, 5d, 


DELTA. 


Delphinestrian. xonce-wd.  [f. L. delphin-us 
dolphin, after eguestrtan.] A rider on a dolphin. 

1820 L. Hunt /udicator No. 17 (1822) I. 134 ‘To the great 
terror of the young delphinestrian, 

Delphinic (delfinik), a. [f. L. delphin-us 
dolphin; see DELPHIN 2.] In delphinic acid, an 
acid discovered by Cheyreuil in dolphin-oil, and 
afterwards in the ripe berries of the Guelder-rose ; 
it is identical with inactive valeric acid. A salt of 
it is A De*lphinate. 

Delphinine (delfinain), 54. Chem. [f. Bot. 
L. Delphinium the genus Larkspur.] A highly 
poisonous alkaloid obtained from the seeds: of 
Delphinium Staphesagria or Stavesacre. Called 
also Delphi‘nia, and formerly De‘lphia, Del- 
phi:na, Delphine. 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 7 The chemical principle 
called Delphine. 1838 ‘I. ‘Tomson Chem. Org. Bodies 246 
Delphina was discovered, in 1819, by MM. Lassaigne and 
Feneulle in the seeds of the..stavesacre. 1840 Henry Elem. 
Chem. II. 304 Of Delphia. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 
II. 310 Delphinine produces nausea when taken internally. 
It is said to act on the nervous system, and is used as a 
remedy in chronic swellings of the glands. 1876 Harvey 
Mat, Med, 769 The active properties are due to delphinia or 
delphinine. 

De‘lphinine, 2. Of the nature of a dolphin: 
in Zool., of or pertaining to the Delphinine or 
sub-family of Cetacca, containing the Dolphins and 
Porpoises. 

+De'lphinite. 0/5. A/in. [f. L. Delphinatus, 
Dauphine (f. de/phinus, Dauphin), where found.] 
An obsolete name of yellowish green Epidote. 

1804 /ourcroy’s Chem, IL. 426 This is the .. delphinite of 
Saussure. pttin 

Delphinity. A humorous nonce-wd. after 
humanity: Dolphin-kind, the nature of dolphins. 

1860 Lever Day's Ride x, History has never told that 
the dolphins .. charmed by Orpheus were peculiar dolphins 
«they were..fish..taken ‘ex medio acervo’ of delphinity. 

|| Delphinium delfinidm). Zot, [Bot. Lat. 
Delphinium, a. Gr.dedpinov larkspur (Dioscorides), 
dim. of deApiv dolphin (so named from the form of 
the nectary).] A genus of plants, N.O. Raveuncu- 
Jacew, with handsome flowers of irregular form, 
comprising the common Larkspur and many other 
species. The name is in ordinary horticultural use 
for the cultivated species and varieties. 

1664 Evetyn Aad, Hort, (1729: 200 Sow divers Annuals .. 
as double marigold, Digitalis, Delphinium. 1882 Zhe Car- 
den 3 June 384/1 Another fine group is formed by a row of 
tall-growing Delphiniums .. in front of Clematises and 
Roses. . z 

De‘lphinoid, a. and 5b. Zool. [ad. Gr. BeAgu- 
voedys like a dolphin, f. deApiv dolphin.] 

A. adj. Like or related toa dolphin ; belonging 
to the Delphinoidea, a division of the Cetacea, 
which includes the dolphins and seals. 

In mod. Dicts. 

B. sb, A member of the De/phinoidea. 

Delphinoidine (delfinoidain). Chem. [f. as 
DELPHININE + -01D.] An amorphous alkaloid ob- 
tained from the same source as delphinine, 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

|| Delphinus (delfain#s). The Latin word for 
‘dolphin’: in Zoo/., the name of the cetaccan genus 
containing the Dolphin and its co-species; in 
Astron., one of the ancient constellations of the 
northern hemisphere, figured as a dolphin. 

a 1672 WitLucHBy Jchthyogr. (1686) Tab. Aj, Delphinus. 
1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 566/2 ‘The Delphini. .have also 
a narrow rostrum. 

De'lphisine. Chem. [f. de/phine, DELPHININE, 
by insertion of -2s- repr. Gr. to-os equal.] An alka- 
loid akin to delphinoidine, obtained from the same 
source, in warty crystals. Also called Delphisia. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex? 

Delta (delta). [Gr. 5€d7a (ad. Pheenician 
no daleth), name of the fourth letter of the 
Greek alphabet ; also the land at the mouth of the 
Nile (Herod.), the Indus (Strabo), etc.] 

1. The name of the fourth letter of the Greek 
alphabet, having the form of a triangle (A), and the 
power of D. 

¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) iii. 20 3if 3ee wil wite of here A, B, 
C..thei clepen hem. .a Alpha..6 Deltha..w Omega. 1601 
Hotvanp Pliny 1.96 Many haue called Egypt by the name 
of the Greeke letter Delta, 1860 ‘I’. A. G. Batrour 7y. 
Char, Nature 118 In Botany the symbol of a perennial 
plant is a Delta. 

2. Hist. (The Delta.) The tract of alluvial land 
enclosed and traversed by the diverging mouths of 
the Nile; so called from the triangular figure of 
the tract enclosed between the two main branches 
and the coast-line. 

1555 Even Decades 250 The goulfe of Arabie. . from whense 
they determyned to brynge a nauigable trench vnto the 
ryuer of Nilus, where as is the fyrst Delta. 1601 HoLtanp 
Pliny 1.67 As in ae Nilus maketh that which they call 
Delta, 1636 Sir H. Brounr Voy. Levant (1637) 57, 1 en- 

uired of the Delta, and the Niles seven streames, 1732 

EDIARD Sethos II. 1x. 354 The most convenient port of the 

22* 


DELTAIC. 


Delta, 1875 Jowett //ato (ed, 2) III, 529, At the head of 
the Egyptian Delta, where the river Nile divides. 

b. Coog. The more or less triangular tract of 
alluvial land formed at the mouth of a river, and 
enclosed or traversed by its diverging branches. 

_ 1790 Ginwon Misc. Wks. (1814) IL. 453 The triangular 
island or delta of Mesola, at the mouth of the Po. 1794 
Sutuivan View Nat. 1. 94 The earthy matter, borne down 
by the floods, is..thrown back upon the shores,-into bays 
and creeks, and into the mouths of rivers, wheré it forms 
deltas. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. I. 13 Islands have become 
connected with the main land by the growth of deltas and 
new deposits. 1836 Marrvar Olla Podr. xxvi, The two 
rivers..enclose a large delta of land. 1 Nation 16 Feb. 
125/1 The villages are situated on small deltas, built by tor- 
rential streams that descend from the neighboring hills. 

3. Any triangular space or figure ; + the constel- 
lation of the ‘Triangle. 

ig C. Ateyn Hist. //en. V1, 134 But if the nobler souls, 
as they maintein’d, Were fixed in the y of some starre, 
Then Edwards murder’d sonnes and Warwickes are In those 
call’d Delta, of Triangle fashion. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as delta-formation, -land; 
delta-metal, an alloy of copper, zinc, and iron in- 
troduced about 1882, and named in allusion to its 
three constituents. 

1806 Forsytu Beauties Scot/. 1V. 225 The Carse..con- 
sidered as the finest sort of alluvial or delta land. 1858 
Geixie Hist. Boulderix.172 The process of delta-formation 
remains essentially the same, both in lakes and at the sea. 
1862 Dana Alan. Geol. 1. 647 Stratification of delta deposits. 
1883 Engineer 23 Feb. 140 Mr. Alexander Dick [has] suc- 
ceeded in producing an alloy which he calls ‘ Delta metal’. 
1884 Vimes 14 June 8 ‘ Delta metal’. .is an alloy of copper, 
zinc, and iron..A steam launch. .has,.been built entirely of 
this metal [by Mr. A. Dick]. 

Deltafica'tion. [f. Detta+-Fication.] ‘The 
formation of a delta at the mouth of a river. 

1864 in WEBSTER. 

Deltaic (delté-ik), a. [mod. f. Gr. 5éAra + -10: 
cf. algebraic.] Of, pertaining to, or forming a delta; 
of the nature of a delta. 

1846 Worcester cites Edin. Rev. 1878 C. J. ANDERSON 
in Macm, Mag. Jan. 251/2 A deltaic tract of country tra- 
versed by a number of arms of the Cauvery. 1882 Sir R. 
‘Tempe in Standard 26 Aug. 3/3 The deltatc population of 
the Lower Ganges. 

+ Deltan, a. Ols.rare—'. [f. DELTA + -an: 
cf. Homan.) Of the Delta of Egypt. 

1600 ‘l’ourNEUR Trans. Metamorph. \xv. Wks. 1878 11. 211 
‘Throughout the Deltan soile. 

Deltation (deltéfon).  [mod. f. Derra.] 
Formation of a delta at the mouth of a river. 

1886 tr. Pellesch’s Argentine Rep. 185 Effects produced 
by the deltation or deposition. .of sediment from the rivers 
of the Gran Chaco, 

Deltic ‘de‘ltik’, a. rare. 
Indic.] =DEvTAIc, 

1865 Pace Geol. Terms 171 Deltic, of or belonging to 
adelta. 1876 — Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xiv. 240 Their plants 
seem to have grown in marshes and deltic jungles. 

|| Deltidium (deltiditm). Conch. [mod. L. 
dim. of Gr, &€Ara Dera, in reference to its shape. 
(Cf. Gr, xuvié&soy little dog, from xuv-.)] The trian- 


[f. Detta +-1c: cf. 


| a little dilated either side. 


170 


group between the Noctua and the true Pyralide .. Any 
one who has seen that insect in repose will recognize the 
resemblance in the form of the wings to the Greek Delta, 
4, whence the name. 1869 E. Newman Brit, Moths Pref. 3 
intended to include the Deltoids, Pyrales, Veneers, 


_ and Plumes. 


2. Of the nature of the delta of a river. 

1837 Penny Cyel. VIII. /t The whole of Holland is 
ti Sortantion of deltoid jah = d by the t ing 
branches of the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt. The 
deltoid form of the mouths of the Petchora is no longer 
recognizable in the group of islands at itsembouchure. 1861 
Darwin in — 1887) I1. 364 The French superficial 


P are an n ‘ine. 
B. sb. 1. The deltoid muscle.. Also in L, form 
deltoides, deltoideus. 

(1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Deltoides, a 
muscle in the top of the arm, having the figure of a Delta, 
the Greek D.] 1758 J. S. Le Drax's Observ. Surg. (1771) 
149 The Deltoid was elevated by it and much tumi 
1860 O. W. Hotes Lisie V. iii. (1891) 32 The deltoid, which 
caps the shoulder like an epaulette. 

attrib, 1881 Mivart Cat gt External to this is a slightly 
roughened and elevated tract called the deltoid ridge. 

See quot.) 

1879 Rossiter Dict. Sci. Terms, Deltoid, a four-sided 
figure formed of two unequal isosceles triangles on opposite 
sides of a common base. 

3. A Deltoid moth: see A. 1c. 

Deltoidal (deltoi-dal), a. [f. prec. +-aL.J] a. 
Pertaining to the delta of a river. b. = DELTOID 
a.1. ¢. Of the shape of a De.torn (sé. 2). 

1837 /enny Cycl VILL. 375/2 Thealluvial tract is fr menily 
intersected by a great many deltoidal branches. in W. 
K. Stuttivan O'Curry's Anc, Irish 1. Introd. 505 Square, 
rectangular or deltoidal instruments of the harp kind. 

Deltoideo-, combining form of mod.L. de/toi- 
deus adj., used to express ‘ with deltoid tendency’, 
‘deltoid and —’, as deltotdeo-lunate. 

1850 Lana Geol. App. i. 707 Aperture deltoideo-lunate, 


[L., f. dé/u-cre to 


|| Delubrum (d/1'7brim). 


wash off, cleanse, with instrumental suffix -BRUM.] 


gular space, usually covered in by a horny shell or | 


operculum, between the beak and the hinge of 
brachiopod shells. 


1851 RicHarpson Geol. viii. (1855) 232 The form and struc- | 


ture of the area and deltidium afford good generic charac- 
ters. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 693 ‘The 
groove is usually converted into a foramen by a ‘ deltidium’ 
which consists of two calcareous pieces. 

Deltohedron (deltohidrgn). Crystall.  [f. 
SeA70-, taken as combining form of next + -HEDRON. ] 

1879 Rossiter Dict. Sci. Terms, Deltohedron, a solid 
figure the surface of which is formed by twenty-four deltoids. 

Deltoid (deltoid), a. (sé.) [mod. a. Gr, 5eA- 
roadns delta-shaped, triangular: see -o1p. So F. 
deltoide (in Paré, 16th c.) ; mod.L. de/toides (Lin- 
neeus), and de/toideus.] 

1. Resembling the Greek letter A in shape; trian- 
gular; esf.in Zot., of a leaf; also triangular in 
section, as the leaf of Mesembryanthemum deltoi- 
deum ; also in comb., as deltoid-ovate, of an ovate 
outline but somewhat deltoid; so de/totd-hastate, 
etc, 

1753 Cuamners Cycl. Supf.s.v. Leaf, Deltoide Leaf, 1 
Minton Lang Bans 9. A aul Of ise conminns Back Por 
lar .. is given as an instance of a deltoid leaf in Linnzus’s 
specific characters. 184§ Linptey Sch. Bot, vii. (1858) 122 
Leaves ovate, acute, somewhat deltoid, 1870 Hooker Stud, 
Flora 240 Cicendia .. calyx panulate, teeth deltoid 

b. Deltoid muscle (Anat.): the large muscle of 
triangular shape which forms the prominence of the 
shoulder ; it serves to raise the arm and draw it 
from the body. Dedtoid ligament: see quot. 1835. 

1741 Monro Anat, (ed. 9) 237 Some Part of the deltoid 
Muscle, 1835-6 ‘Topp Cycl. Anat. 1. 152 The internal tibio- 
tarsal ligament, is also called the internal lateral, and by 
Weithecht, the de/toid ligament. 1877 RosentuHat Musels 
& Nerves 92 The elevator of the upper arm, which on ac- 
count of its triangular shape is called the deltoid muscle. 

e. Entom. Deltoid moth: a moth which in re- 
= spreads its wings over the back in a triangular 
orm; also adsol. 

1859 H. IT. Stainton Manual Brit. Butterflies & Moths 
Il. 125 Deltoides, these insects form a sort of connecting 


1. A temple, shrine, or sanctuary. 

2. Lecl. Arch. a. A church furnished with a font. 
b. A font. 

1665 Sin T. Hersert 77vaz, (1677) 164 The Ethnique Ro- 
mans. -at the entrance into their Temples had tanks or like 
places to wash in: Deluéra they called them. 1698 Fryer 
ale 
Fire, maintaining it always alive in the Delubriums, or 
Places set apart for their Worship. 

+ Delu‘ce, dely’s. (és. A shortening of 
flower deluce, a former anglicized form of F. fleur 


“de lis (OF. dys), i.e. lily-flower, the ensign of the | 


jourbons. Also deluce flower. 

©1450 Loneticn Grail xliti, 253 Owt of the delys, A rose 
Owt sprang Of Riht gret pris. 1586 W. Wesne Eng. Joe! rie 
(Arb.) 84 Kyngcuppe and Lillies..and the deluce flowre. 


DELUGE. 


world may be blinded. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar 
Wks. 1730 I. 81 They are seven as arrant imposters as ever 
deluded the credulous world. De Foe's Eng. Trades- 
man I, xxii. 211 The world en in, deluded, and im- 
a ye by outside and tinsel. 1853 Bricur Sf. /ndia 3 

une, y which ob d responsibility and deluded 


public 5 

b. with extension (on, 40, into). 

a 1643 W. Cartwricut Lady-Errant w. i, Go, and delude 
them on, Fa De For Crusoe (1840) 1. xv. 259 The many 
"on fore made use of, to delude mankind to their ruin, 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 512 Let no one be deluded by 
poets. .into a mistaken belief of such things. 

+4. To frustrate the aim or purpose of; to elude, 
evade. Obs, 

1536 Act 28 Hen. VIII, c.5 Diuers .. haue .. practised to 
defraude and delude the sayd..statutes. 1600 Hosp. Inc. 
Fooles 58 Thus did he delude the last blow of this despiteful 
Foole. r160r Hottann Pliny x. 1, There was a starting hole 
found to delude and pe the ing thereof. IR 
T. Hersert 7 ray, (ed. 2) 11 The 7. of June she ine de- 
luded us, after two houres chase. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. 
Eng. 1. xii. (1739) 66 The entailing of Estates..was very 
ancient, although by corrupt custom it was deluded. 1680 
Dryven Ovid's Ff. vii. (R.), Tyber now thou seek’st .. Yet 
it deludes thy searc 

5. To beguile (time). Ods. 

1615 Val. Welshm. (1663) Bij b, I need not here delude The 
precious time. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. Pref. 1 In 
entertaining worldly pleasures, thereby to delude, and spend 
their time. 

Deluded (diliz-déd), pp/: a. [f. prec. + -ED.] 
Deceived by mocking prospects, beguiled, misled : 
see the verb. 

@ 1628 Sir J. Beaumont Trenihe Our Lord in Farr S. P. 
James J (1848) 145 To weane deluded mindes From fond 
delight. 1710 Norris Chr. Prud. iv. 153 With disappoint- 
ment and a deluded expectation. 1781 tone Decl. & F. 
III. 237 Their deluded votaries. 

Hence Deludedly adv. 

1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 364 So deludedly stupid as 
to believe himself Apollo. 


Deluder (</1'z-daz). 


[f£ Derupe v. + -ER.] 


One who deludes. 


*. India & P. 265 Attributing Divine Honour to the | 


1594 Par Fewell-ho. 111. 44 ‘The purple part of the leafe of | 


the flower deluce. 

Delucidate, -itate, obs. ff. DitucipaTe. 

Deludable (d/l'7-dab'l), a. [f. DeLuDE v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being deluded. 

1646 Six T. Brownr /seud. £f.1. ii, He is not so ready to 
deceive himself, as to falsifie unto him whose Cognition is 


no way deludatle. 

Delude (d/li#d), v. [ad. L. délitd-tre to play 
false, mock, deceive, f. Dk- I. 4 + /adere to play. 
(Cf. rare obs. F. deluder, 1402 in Godef.)] 

+1. ¢rans. To play with (any one) to his injury 
or frustration, under pretence of acting seriously ; 
to mock, esf. in hopes, expectations, or purposes ; 
to cheat or disappoint the hopes of. Ods. 

1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. ccxxxiv, 270 The Cristen prynces 
seinge that they were thus deluded. 1543 i . H. Turner 
Select, Rec. Oxford 170 A man that,.hadde deluded wyth 
delayes the..commissioners, 1596 Nasne Saffron Walden 
35 There isno Husbandman but tills and sowes in hope of 
a good crop, though manie times he is deluded with a bad 
Haruest. 1630 Dekker and Pt. Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 
II, 138 Yet sure i’th end he ‘ll delude all my hopes, 1671 
MiLton Samson 396 Thrice I deluded her, and turned to 
ap Her importunity. Dryven Virg. Past. vit. 30 

‘or by the fraudful God deluded long, They now resolve to 

ve hele promis'd Song. 


b. To disappoint or deprive of by fraud or de- 
ceit; to defraud of. alan nail 

Petronilla 99 Of his was deludyd. 

A + Faire Em. 904 Whess venbonn? -T am “ dolnaya 

this escape. 1586 A. Day rs Secretary us. (1625) 88 

‘ong men .. cautelously..deluded of that, whereunto 
their parents and birth do commend them. 1594 MarLowe 
& Nasune Dido v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 272/2 Thou for some petty 
gift hast let him go, And I am thus deluded of my boy. 

+2. To deride, mock, laugh at. Ods. rare. 

1526 Pilgr. Per/.(W. de W. 1531) 300 b, Thus beaten and 
deluded Annas sent the bounde to Coyphas. 1586 [cf. De- 
LUDER]. 

3. To befool the mind or judgement of, so as to 
cause what is false to be accepted as true ; to bring 
by deceit into a false opinion or belief; to cheat, 
deceive, beguile; to impose upon with false im- 
pressions or notions. 

¢1450 Henryson Comp/. Creseide(R.), The idol of a thing 
in case may be So depe emprinted in the fantasie That it 
deludeth the wittes outwardly. 1§26 ‘Tinpate Acts viii. 11 
With he had deluded their wittes, 1532 Frira 
Mirre: (182) 272 God..cannot be deluded, although the 


(In quot. 1586, one who mocks or derides.) 

— A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 122 That he be no 
ordinary scoffer, or frivolous deluder of other mens speeches, 
gestures, reasons, or conditions. 1629 Prynne (tit/e), God 
no Impostor nor Deluder. 1713 Rowe Yane Shore v, Thou 
soft deluder, Thou beauteous witch. 1725 Pore Odyss. xu. 
221 Thus the sweet deluders tune the song. Barham 
Ingol. Leg., Look at Clock, Gin's but a snare of Old Nick 
the deluder. 

Deluding (dil'i#diy), vd/. sb. [-1nG1.] The 
action of the verb DELUDE: cheating. 

1645 Mitton Jetrach. (1851) 184 No Covnant .. intended 
to the good of both parties, can hold to the deluding or 
making miserable of them both. a 16g0 Br. Parpeaux Ench. 

ias and Sapphira’s dainty deludings with a 


228 (T.) A pp 
smooth lie. 
Ppl.a. [-InNG2,] That deludes, 


Deluw di 

1596 Suaks. Zam. Shr. 1. iii. 31 Thou false deluding 
slaue, That feed’st me with the uerie name of meate. 1649 
Mitron Zikon, xxviii, Not as a deluding ceremony, but as 
areal condition. 1727 Dyer Grongar Hill 120 Ey'd thro’ 
hope’s deluding glass. 

Hence Delu'dingly adv. 

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. § 5. 63 To performe 
the contrary to what hee hath deludingly promised, 

Deluge (devlivdz), sb. Also 4-5 (7) diluge, 
6 diludge, (7 dyluge). [a. F. dé/uge (12th c. in 
Hatzf.), early ad. L. di/uvium (see Dituvium), 
modified after the example of words of popular 
formation (Hatzf.). OF. forms nearer to the L. 
were deluve, delouve, diluve; cf. Pr. diluvi, Sp. and 
It. diluvio. An earlier ME. form was Dituvy, In 


the 15th c. it rimed with Auge. 
1. A great flood or overflowing of water, a de- 
hyperbolically, 


structive inundation. (Often 
e.g. of a heavy fall of rain.) 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. vi. 51 Ne no deluge ne so 

es. € 1393 — Scogan 14 Thow cawsest this diluge 

v.r, deluuye) of pestilence. Shox Houtann Pili 1. 39 

"here es with earthquakes, deluges 


inundations of the sea. 1634 Sir T. Hersert Jar. 54 
A viol raine .. d such a sudden Deluge... 
that a Car of two th d Is perisht, 1720 Gay 


Poems (1745) 1. 139 When the bursting clouds a deluge pour. 
1748 F. Sarre Voy. Disc. NW, Pass, 1. 121 A Hi Foe 
where tl might go free from the Ice and the Sprin 
Deluge, which sometimes happens .. by the Sudd 
the ‘Thaw. 1855 Moriey Dutch Rep. (1861) II, 79 The 
memorable deluge of the thirteenth century out of which 
the Zuyder Zee was born. Houxtey Physiogr. 131 
Where the rain comes down as a 

2. sfec. The great Flood in the time of Noah 
(also called the general or universal deluge). 

tr og Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 765 God dreynte al the world 
at the diluge [w.. diluve]. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour 
D viij, The deluge or gaderyng of waters in the dayes of 


Noe. 1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 1 on a 
port whiche was builded before the diludge. Car. 
renter Geog. Ded. u1.i. 8 In the g Il deluge al! 


suffered for their sinnes a ue of waters. 1725 De For 
Voy. round World (1840) rom odin shad the general 
adie. 1880 Ourna Moths 1. 46 It must have been worn 
at the deluge. 


DELUGE. 


of the Gothes, Hunnes and Vandales. 1667 Micron ?. LZ. 
1, 68 A fiery Deluge, fed With ever-burning Sulphur uncon- 
sum’d. | 1760-72 tr. Fuan § Ulioa’s Voy. (ed. I. 252 The 
whole city and. .country were often, as it fees Wane under 
adeluge ofashes. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton xxvi. 359 When 
the waters of this deluge of rhetoric had abated. 

+4. The inundation (of). Also fig. Obs. 

160r Hottanp Pliny I. 65 In the generall deluge of the 
countrey by raine they only veniainied aliue, 163t WrEveR 
Anc, Fun. Mon, 768 Demolished long before the violent 
deluge of such buildings, which happened in the raigne of 
King Henry the eight. 

Deluge (de'lizdz), v.  [f. the sb.: cf. to flood.) 

1. trans. To flow or pour over (a surface) in a 
deluge; to flood, inundate; also adso/.. (Often 
used hyperbolically.) 

1649 Montrose fit. Chas. Jin Bp. Guthrie's Mem. (1702) 
255, I1’de weep the World in such a Strain, As it should 
deluge once again. 1715-20 Pore //iad xx1. 383 At every 

_ step, before Achilles stood The crimson surge, and delug’d 
him with blood. 1727 Dr For Syst. AZagic 1. iv. (1840) 104 
Sufficient to deluge the World, and drown Mankind. 1787 
Generous Attachment 111. 82'The Heavens now denieed an 
good earnest. 1790 Map. D’Arsiay Diary Aug., He left 
me neither more nor less than deluged in tears. 1869 Puit- 
ties Vesuveiii. 48 Hot water from the mountain deluged the 
neighbourhood. 

2, fig. and transf. 

1654 E. Coxe Logick (1657) Avij b, Truths that before 
deluged you, will take you now but up to the Ancles. 1732 
Pore Ep. Bathurst 137 At length Corruption, like a gen’ral 
flood .. Shall deluge all, 1833 Hr. Martineau Loom § 
Lugger i. i. 2 The market was deluged with smuggled silks. 
1850 W. IrvinG Goldsmith xxi, 227 The kingdom was 
deluged with pamphlets. 

Hence De'luged £/. a. ; De‘luger, one who de- 
luges (nonce-wd.) ; De‘luging vd/. sb. and ffl. a. 

1712 Biackmore (J.), The delug’d earth. 1824 Miss Mrr- 
rorp Village Ser. 1. (1863) 177 The sky promised a series 
of deluging showers. 1834 Georgian Era 1V. 463/2 He 
vented his reproaches upon the deluger. 1887 Bowen Vig. 
Aeneid mu. 625 The deluged threshold in gore Ran. 1890 
W. C. Russet Ocean Trag. IL. xxi. 183 These darkening, 
glimmering, green delugings. 

+ Delu‘mbate, v. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. délumbére to lame in the loin, f. Dr- I. 6 + 
Zumbus loin, flank.] ¢rans, To lame, maim, emas- 


culate. : 

1609 Be. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 316 His cut- 
ting of Fathers when hee cites them for his aduantage ; de- 
lumbating the positions of Protestants to make their doctrine 
odious. 1623 Cockreram, Delumbate, to beate, weaken, to 
breake. 1624 Br. Mountacu Gagg Pref. 18 Vertullian, Basil, 
Chrysostome .. we neither geld nor delumbate for speaking 
too plaine nor use them like you. 

| Delundung (de‘londyn), Also delendung. 
[Native Javanese name.] - The weasel-cat of Java 
and Malacca, belonging to the civet family. 

1840 tr. Cuvier’'s Anim. Kingd. 92 Delundung. A rare 
Javanese animal, of slender form, very handsomely streaked 
and spotted. Allied to the Genets. 

+Delu:sible, a. Ols. rare. [f. L. déliis-, ppl. 
stem of déliidére to DELUDE: see -BLE.] Capable 
of being deluded ; deludable. 

1665 BoyLe Occas. Refi. 1. viii. (1845) 93 After they have 
been admitted by the more delusible faculty we call Fancy, 
I make them pass the severer scrutiny of Reason. 

Delusion (d/lizzon). Also 5 delucion  [ad. 
L. déliision-em, n. of action from délidére to Dr- 
LUDE: see -I0N. (Cf. rare obs. F. delusion, 16th c. 
in Godef.)] The action of deluding ; the condition 
of being deluded. 

+1. The action of befooling, mocking, or cheating 
a person in his expectations; the fact of being so 
cheated or mocked. Oés. 

1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. 498 Whan kyng Charlys was as- 
sertaynyd of this delusyon, he was greuouslye dyscontentyd 
agayne the Gascoynes, 1542 Hen. VIII Declar. Scots 197 
We haue paciently suffred many delusions, and notably the 
laste yere, when we made preparation at Yorke for his re- 
paire to vs. 1624 Carr. Smit Virginia i. 158 They saw 
all those promises were but delusions. 1656 Blount Glossogr., 
Delusion, a mocking, abusing or deceiving. 

2. The action of befooling with false impressions 
or beliefs ; the fact or condition of being cheated 
and led to believe what is false. 

© 1420 Lype. Story of Thebes 1.(R.), But he her put in 
delusion As he had done it for the nones. TINDALE 
2 Thess. ii. 11 God shall sende them stronge delusion, that 
they shuld beleve lyes. 1329 More Dyadoge 1. Wks. 177/2 
‘Thinges ., done gs  deuill for our delusion. 167 Mitton 
P. R, 1. 443 God hath justly giv’n the nations up To thy 
delusions. 1762 Foore Liay 1. Wks. 1799 I. 319, ¥. W. By 
all that’s sacred, Sir—. O. W.1 am now deaf to your delu- 
sions. 1853 Bricur Sf. /udia 3 une, This concealment .. 
this delusion practised upon public opinion, 1876 Freeman 
Norm. Cong. V. xxiii, 331 In all this there was something 
= ~ willing delusion of a people that takes its memories 

‘or hopes. : = as 

3. Anything that deceives the mind with a false 
impression ; a deception; a fixed false opinion or 
belief with regard to objective things, esf. as a 
form of mental derangement. 

1852 Hutorr, Delusion wroughte by enchauntmente, Jrv- 
stigium, 1888 Fraunce Lawiers Log. t. ii. 5 For that there- 
by men .. fell headlong into divers delusions and erronious 
conceiptes. 1638 Junius Painting of Anc. 117 It shall re- 
semble a juglers delusion. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) II. 163 
Some dark delusion swims before thy sight. 1874 C. Gerke 
Life in Woods xvi. 275 The poor fellow was only labouring 
under a delusion. 


171 


+4. Elusion, evasion. (Cf. DELUDE v. 4.) Ods. 

1606 HoLtanp Swefon. 10 That none ever after should by 
such delusion of the law seeke evasion. 

Delusional (d/liz zonal), a. [-at.] Of the 
nature of, or characterized by, delusion. 

1871 J. R. Reynotps Syst, Med. (1878) II. 29 Delusional 
Insanity. 1884 American IX. 88 They regarded Taylor 
as a ‘delusional monomaniac’. 1891 Dazly News 7 July 
7/t She suffers from delusional insanity; that is, her actions 
depend upon false judgments of existing facts. 

Delusionist (d/lizzonist). [-1sv.] a. One 
wno is addicted to deluding. b. One given up to 
delusions. 

1841 A. W. Fonntangue in Life §& Labours (1874) 151 The 
great delusionist is to make believe that he is pledged to the 
one [ete.]. 1845 CartyLe Cromwell (1871) 1V. 25 Day-dream- 
ing Delusionists. 

Delusive (dilivsiv), a. [f. délis-, ppl. stem 
of L. délidére to DELUDE : see -1VE.] 

1. Having the attribute of deluding, characterized 
by delusion, tending to delude, deceptive. 

1605 B. Jonson Volfone 1. i, A fox Stretch’d on the earth, 
with fine delusive sleights, Mocking a gaping crow. 1638 
Sir T. Hersert 77vav. (ed. 2) 110 In it [Arabia] was hatcht 
the delusive Alcaron. 1736 Butter Anal. Relig. 1. i. 16 
Imagination. .that forward delusive Faculty. 1759 JouNnson 
Rasselas xx, Appearances are delusive. 1855 PrescoTr 
Philip 11, 1. Ww. iv. 440 Holding out delusive promises o 
succour, 1869 Prinuirs Mesvz, iii. 88 The lava had a de- 
lusive aspect of yielding to any impression. 

2. Of the nature of a delusion. 

1645 Mitton 7vfrvach. (1851) 156 The breed of Centaures 
..the fruits of a delusive mariage. 1833 Loner. Coflas de 
Manrique xiii, Behold of what delusive worth ‘The bubbles 
we pursue on earth. 

Delusively (déli#sivli), adv. [-1y2.] Ina 
delusive manner. 

1646 GauLE Cases Cousc. 46 God utterly deserting, the 
Devill delusively invading. 1648 A. Burret Cord. Calen- 
ture 5 Uhe Officers of the Navie did delusively cause Seaven 
great Frigots to be built. 1818 Mav. D'Arpiay Diary 17 

ov., How sweet to me were those words, which I thought 
—alas, how delusively !—would soothe and invigorate re- 
covery. 1885 Manch. Exam, 6 June 5/3 The senses act 
delusively and uncertainly. 

Delusiveness (délidsivnés). [-ness.]  De- 
lusive or deceptive quality. 

ax6s2 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. vi. 208 The wiser sort of the 
heathen have happily found out the lameness and delusive- 
nessofit, 1811 Lama 7 vag. Shaks., ‘Vhis exposure of super- 
natural agents upon the stage is truly bringing ina candle 
to expose their own delusiveness. 1873 M. Arnotp Lit. & 
Dogunta (1876) 183 It is needful to show the line of growth 
of this Aberglaube, and its delusiveness. 

+ Deluso‘rious, @. Ods. rare. [f. med. or mod. 
L. déliisori-us DELUSORY + -OUS.] =next. 

1625 Jackson Creed vy. xliii, Delusorious imaginations of 
brotherly love’s inherence in hearts wherein [etc.]. 

Delusory (d/lizsori), a. [ad. med. or mod.L. 
delisori-us, f. ppl. stem @éliis- (see DELUSIVE): cf. 
obs. F. delusotre (15th c.\.] Having the character 
of deluding ; of deluding quality; delusive. 

1588 J. Harvey Déscours. Probl. 41 Practises deuised onely 
. -as delusorie experiments, and wilie sleights to make fooles, 
r61x Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. §85 His errand was in 
shew glorious, but in truth both delusory and unprofitable. 
1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. iii. 10 Are all Pretences toa Pre- 
science. .delusory and impossible? 1753 Hervey 7heron & 
Aspasio Ded.(1786) 4 Beguiled by delusory pleasures. 1814 
Map. D’Arsiay Wanderer 11. 430, I had some hope. .but 
I had already given it up as delusory. 

+ Delute, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. délutare, f. 
De- I. 3 + /utare to daub with /etam moist clay.] 

1623 Cockeram, Delute, to cover with clay. 

Deluvian, -ate, Deluvy: see DI-, 

+ Delvage (delvédz). Obs. [f. Detve v. + 
-AGE.] Delving; the digging, ploughing, or turn- 
ing up of the soil in process of tillage. 

1610 W. FotkincuaM A7rt of Survey 1. vii. 14 Deluage is 
applyed about preparing, and putrifying of the Earth by 
stirring, tossing and turning of the same. 1688 R. Hotme 
Armoury U1. 333/2 Delvage. .is.. Vertillage. 

Delve (delv), 54. [Partly a variant of DeLr sd. 
(cf. staff, stave), partly n. of action from DELVE v.] 

1. A cavity in or under the ground ; excavation, 
pit, den; =Dexr sd, 1, (The pl. delves is found 
with either sing.) 

1590-6 Spenser /’. Q. u1. vii. Argt., Guyon findes Mammon 
in a delve Sunning his threasure hore. /6i, 1v. i, 20 It is 
a darksome delue farre vnder ground. 1729 SAvacEe 
Wanderer 111. 303 The delve obscene, where no suspicion 
pries. 1748 ‘THomson Cast. Jidol. 1. 682 There left thro’ 
delves and deserts dire to yell. 18153 Moore Lad/a R. tv. 
(1850) 226 The very tigers from their delves Look out. 1820 
Suetiey Hymn to Mercury xix, And fine dry logs and roots 
innumerous He gathered in a delve upon the ground. 

2. A hollow or depression in a surface ; a wrinkle. 

1811 in Pall Mall G. 4 Oct. 1892, 3/1 If it be the same 
bottle I found under his bed, there is a ‘delve’ in it into 
which Ican put my thumb. (1869 Daily News 8 July, The 
pursed up mouths, the artificial lines and delves, the half- 
closed eyes of those [marksman] to be seen sighting, and 
‘cocking’, and aiming for the Queen’s to-day. 

3. An act of delving; the plunging (of a spade) 
into the ground, 

1869 Daily News 1 Mar., He quickly learns that every 
delve of his spade in the earth means money. 

4. (See quot.) Obs.—° 
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Delve, asa Delve of Coals, i.e. 


DELVE. 


a certain quantity of Coals digged in the Mine or Pit. r7axr 
in BarLey; hence in Johnson, etc. 

Delve (delv), v. Forms : 1 delf-an, 2- deluen, 
(3 delfen, Or. dellfenn), 3-7 delue, 4 deluyn, 
5 delvyn, 4— delve, (5-6 Sc. delf, delfe). Ju. 4. 
and pa. pple. 4- delved : earlier forms see below. 
[A Common WGer. vb. originally strong: OE, 
delfan; dealf, dulfon; dolven; corresp. to OF ris. 
delva, OS. (6i-)\deloan, MDu. and Du. delven, LG. 
dolben, OHG. (b2-)telban, MUG, felben:—OTeut. 
ablaut series de/6-, dalb-, dulb-; not known in Norse, 
nor in Gothic; but having cognates in Slavonic. 
The original strong inflexions were retained more 
or less throughout the ME. period, though with 
various levellings of the singular and plural 
forms, dalf, du/ven, in the pa. t., and replace- 
nent of the plural form by that of the pa. pple. 
dolven; they are rare in the 16th c.; the weak 
inflexions are found already in the 14th c., and 
are now alone in use. ‘The verb has itself been 
largely displaced by Dic, but is still in common use 
dialectally.] 

A. Forms of past tense and pa. pple. 

l. Past tense. Strong; a. sing. 1 dealf, 2-5 
dalf, 4-5 dalfe, dalue; 4 delf, delue; 6 (g 
arch.) dolve. 

c1000 /ELrric Gen. xxi. 30 Ic dealf pisne pytt. ¢ 1250 Ger. 
§ Ex, 2718 Stille he dalf him [in] de sond. @ 1300 Cursor 
ATL, 21530 (Cott.) Lang he delf(z. 77. delue, dalue} but noght 
he fand. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 48/3 He dalfe a pit be- 
hynde the cyte. 1489 — /aytes of 1.1, xvii. 50 He..dalue 
the erth. 1598 Barckiry /edic. Alan 1. (1603) 66 Wo worth 
the wight that first dolve the mould. 

Di eho, 5 dulfon ; 2-3 dulfen, 3 duluen; 3-4 
dolfen, 3-5 dolue(n, dolve n. 

axo00 Martyrol. 138 Pa dulfon hi in pre ylean stowe. 
c 1205 Lay. 21998 Alfene hine dulfen [¢ 1275 dolue]. @ 1225 
Ancr. RK. 292 Heo duluen mine vet. cxzgo Gen. §& La. 
3189 Dor he doluen .. and hauen up-bro3t de bones. ¢ 1290 
S. Eng. Leg. 1. 427/239 Huy doluen and beoten faste. a 1400 
Prymer (1891) 107 ‘Vhey dolfen myn handes and my feet. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 57/1 Vhegypciens wente and doluen 
pittes for water. 1865S. Evans Bro. Fabian 59 Vhey dolve 
a grave beneath the arrow. 

B. 4 dalfe, dalue, dalf, 5 dalff; 4 delf. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 7786 (Gitt.) Pai dalf [v7.7 dalue] it in a 
wodis side. /é7d. 21146 Cott.) Pe cristen men par delf [v. 7 
dalue, Gott, delued, 77%. buryed] him pan. 1489 Caxton 
Faytes of Ao, xxxv, 153 They dalff the erthe. 

IVeak sing. and pl. 4-5 delued ( f/. -eden), 
4 -id, delfd, 5 deluyde, 4— delved. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 16877 Cott.) Pai delued him. .in a yerd be 
petun. /é7d. 18562 (Gitt.) Pai him hanged. . And deluid him, 
Jdid. 19256 \Cott.) pai.. pat right nu delfd pi ded husband. 
1382 Wycuir Gev, xxi. 30, I deluyde this pit. 1388 — /’s, 
Ivi. 7 Thei delueden [1382 doluen] a diche bifore my face. 
1605 Rowtanps //ell’s Broke Loose 15 For when old Adam 
delu’d, and Euah span, Where was my silken veluet Gentle- 
man? 

2. Pa. pple. Strong. 1-4 dolfen, 2-6 doluen, 
3-4 duluen, dolfe, 3-6 dolue, 4 dollin, -yn, 
delluin, 4-6 dolven, (-yn, dolve, (5 doluyn, 
-wyn); 6 delfe. /JVeak. 6-7 delued, (6 Sc. 
deluet), 6- delved. 

c1000 les. Ps. xciii. 12 Deop adolfen, deore and Systre. 
¢ 1250 Gen. & 2. 1895 Starf ysaac.. was doluen on Sat stede. 
a 1300 Cursor AL. 5428 (Cott.', I be noght duluen in pis land. 
Tbid. 5494 (Gott.) Dede and doluie [C. duluen, 7. dolue, 7’. 
doluen] par war pai. 1340 /d¢d. 3214 (Fairf.) In ebron 
dalue hir sir abraham, per formast was dollyn alde adam. 
¢1325 Leg. Rood (1871) 113 Quen he ri3t depe had dellui[n] 
sare. a@1400 Prymer (1891) 77, He hat[{h] opened the lake 
and dolfe hym. c¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas tw. ii. (1554) 102 a, She 
was ydolue lowe. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 3604 Dolwyn 
dede. 1587 Goipinc De Mornay xi. 159 To seeke Death 
where it seemeth to be doluen most deepe. ?a 1600 A/erline 
733 in Percy Folio 1. 445 Her one sister quick was delfe. 

1582 [see B 1, quot. 1398]. 1596 Datrymrce tr. Lesdie’s 
Hist. Scot. (1885) 7 In sum places of Ingland. .is deluet upe 
na small quantitie of Leid. 1756 [see B 7]. 

B. Signification. 

1. rans, To dig; to turn up with the spade ; es/. 
to dig (ground) in preparation for a crop. Now 
chiefly orth. and Sc., where it is the regular word 
for ‘digging’ a garden. In Shropshire, according 
to Miss Jackson, ¢o delve is sfec. to dig two spades 
deep. : 

c 888 K. ZEtrrep Boeth. xl. § 6 Swelce hwa nu delfe eorban 
& finde par Sonne goldhord. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 
xiv. i. (Tollem. MS.) Pe more londe is doluen [1g82 delved] 
and erid and ouerturnid, pe virtu pat is berin is be more 
medljd with all pe parties age c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 
u. 74 Thi lande unclene alle doluen uppe mot be. cx 
Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xlii, Vntyll this 
grounde be well ransaken & depe doluyn. 1576 GascoiGNe 
Steele Gl. (Arb.) 58 To delue the ground for mines of glister- 
ing gold. 1577-95 Descr. [sles Scot. in Skene Celtic Scotd. 
Til. App. 431, Thay use na pleuchis, but delvis thair corn 
land with spaiddis. @16r0 Banincton Wks, (1622) 269 We 
ouer and ouer.. plow our land, and delue our gardens. 
1799 J. Roserrson Agric. Perth 247 He directs the moss to 
be delved or dug up with spades, and the manure to be 
chiefly lime. 1845 R. W. Hamicron Pop. Educ. iii. (ed. 2) 
37 Time was when our countrymen united every employ- 
ment; they delved the soil, they wove the fleece. 

fig. 61x SuHaxs. Cyd. 1. i. 28 What's his name, and 
Birth?..I cannot delve him to the roote: His Father Was 
call’d Sicillius. 

. 22* - 2 


DELVE. 


b. ¢ransf. of burrowing animals. 
1484 Caxton Fables of AZsop u. v, Of a hylle whiche be- 
anne to tremble and shake by cause of the molle whiche 
lued hit. RB, Suaks. Ven. & Ad. 687 Sometime he runs.. 
where earth-delving conies k 1661 Lytton & Fane 
Tannhduser 49 The blind mole that delves the earth. _ 
2. To make (a hole, pit, ditch, etc.) by digging ; 
to excavate. arch. 
¢8as Vesp. Psalter vii. 16 Sead ontynde & dalf. c 1000 
#Ecruic Deut. vi. 11 Wxterpyttas pa be ge ne dulfon. ¢ 1205 
Lay. be 3 Pe king lette deluen anne dich [c 1275 dealue 
one dic’ ; @ 1300 Cursor AM. 21063 Cott.) First he did his 
graf to deluen. 1393 Lanot. P. Pl. C. xxu. 365 To delue 
and dike a deop diche. 1513 DoucLas neis x1. ix. 68 Sum 
.. Befor the portis delvis — deip. 1549-62 STeRnu. 
& H. Ps. vii. 13 He digs a ditch and delues it deepe. 1659 
D. Pewt Jmpr. of Sea 338 Sextons to delve the graves of 
the greatest part of his Army. 1795 Sourney Yoan of Arc 
vu. 477 Underneath the tree.. They delved the narrow 
house. 18ax Crare /id/. Minstr. 1. 65 Delving the ditch 
a livelihood to earn. 1872 AusTIN Bson Bookworm, 
Vignettes (1873) 209 To delve, in folios’ rust and must The 
tomb he lived in, dry as dust. 
b. ¢ransf. and fig. 
¢ 1600 SHaks. Sonn. lx, Time .. delues the paralels in 
beauties brow. 1855 SINGLETON | /rg//1. 81 The moles have 
delved Their chambers. 1872 Geo. Evior Middlem. xi. 169 
Mrs. Vincy's face, in which forty-five years had delved 
neither angles nor parallels. 


+8. To put or hide in the ground by digging ; 


esp. to bury (a corpse). Ods. 

c1200 OrMIN 6484 Patt lic patt smeredd iss berwib) Biforr 
pers mann itt dellfepp. 1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) VII. 77 

oseph dalf wip his fader meche tresour in be er’ c 1450 
Mirour Saluacioun 4888 Bespitted, scourgid, and corovned, 
dede, dolven, and ascendid. 1481 Caxton Neynard (Arb.) 36 
My fader had founden kyng ermeryks tresour doluen in a 
pytte. 1§87 GoLpinc De Mornay xi. 159 Consider how often 
men go to seeke Death where it seemeth to be doluen most 
deepe, and yet finde it not. 
Chase 1. 38 In the dry crumbling Bank Their Forms they 
delve, and cautiously avoid The dripping Covert. 


4. To obtain by digging ; to dig zp or out of (the | 


ground); to exhume. arch. or dial. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 19 Per Seofas hit delfad & 
forstelap. ¢1374 Cuavucer Bocth. 1. v. 51 He pat first dalf 
vp pe gobets or be wey3tys of gold, couered vndir erbe. 
©1385 — Sgr.’s 7.630 Now can nought Canace bot herbes 
delve Out of the grounde. c 1440 Promp, Parv.118 Delvyn’ 
vp owte of.the erthe, efodio. 1587 Turperv. Trag. 7.(18 37) 
255 Do delve it up, and burne it (Bass 1596 DaLRyMrLe tr. 
Leslie's Hist. Scot. w. (1887) 207 Delfeing vpe his fatheris 
reliques. 1777 Barmby Inclos. Act 26 Yo cut, dig, delve, 
gather and carry away any turves or sods. 1866 Nrace 
Sequences & //ymns 35 In the valleys where they delve it, 
how the gold is good indeed. 1870 Hawtnorne ee Note- 
Bhs, (1879) I. 226 Minerals, delved, doubtless, out of the 
hearts of the mountains. 

+ 5. To pierce or penetrate as by digging. Ods. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 292 Heo duluen mine vet & mine honden. 
He ne seide nout bet heo purleden mine vet & mine honden, 
auh duluen. Vor efter pisse lettre .. pe neiles weren so dulte 
pet heo duluen his flesch. c1340 Ayend. 263 Yef pe uader 
of be house wyste huyche time pe byef were comynde, 
uor-zobe he wolde waky and nolde na3t polye pet me dolue 
his hous. 1382 Wyctir /’s. xxifi]. 17 Thei dolue (v7 
delueden] myn hondis and my feet. ¢ 1450 Bk. Curtasye 
327 in Babees Bk. 308 Ne delf thou never nose thyrle With 
thombe ne fyngur. 

6. To dint or indent. dal. 

1788 W. MarsHatt East )orks. Gloss., Delve, to dint or 
bruise, as a pewter or a tin vessel, 1876 Whitby Gloss., 
Delve..to indent, as by a blow upon pewter; which is then 
said to be delved. 1877 //oliferness Gloss., Delve, to indent 
or bruise a table, or metal surface, by a blow. 

7. absol. or intr. To labour with a spade in hus- 
bandry, excavating, etc.; to dig. arch. or foet., 
and dia/, (In most dialect glossaries from Lin- 
colnsh. and Shropsh. northward.) 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xvi. 3 Ne m:ez ic delfan, me sceamad 
so ic wedlize. axzaag Aucr. XR. 384 jif eax ne kurue, ne 

spade ne dulue .. hwo kepte ham uorte holden? ¢ 1340 
Hamrote in Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS.79 When Adam 
dalfe and Eue spane..Whare was pan be pride of man? 
1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode ut. viii. (1869) 140 Folk how- 

en and doluen aboute pe cherche. 1512 Act 4 Hen.V//1, 
c. 1 § 4 To digge and to delve. .for arth, stoman and turfes. 
1535 Srewart Cron. Scot. 111. 41 [He] saw ane ald man .. 
Delfand full fast with ane spaid in his hand. 1602 Suaks. 
Ham. 1. iv. 208, I will delve one yard below their mines. 
1786 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 111. 113 Men have. .delved into 
the bowels of the earth. x Loncr. M1. Standish viii, 
When he delved in the soil of his garden. 

b. transf. of animals. 

1727-38 Gay Fades 1. xlviii. 31 With delving snout he 
turns the soil. 1855 Loner. //iaw. xiii. 130 Crows and black- 


birds .. jays and ravens. . Delving deep with beak and talon 
For the body of Mondamin. 

ce. Zo delve about: to excavate round, (With 
indirect passive.) 


ists Scot. Field 19 in Chetham Misc. (1856) 11., Yt was so 
deepe dolven with ditches aboute. - 

8. fig. To make laborious search for facts, infor- 
mation, etc., as one who digs deep for treasure. 

1649 G. Dantet Trinarch., Rich. 1] ccxliv, Gloucester. . 
Delves for himselfe, pretending publick right. 1650 Feattey 
Pref. in S. Newman's Concord. 1 Why delve they con- 
tinually in humane arts and secular sciences, full of dregs and 
drosse? 1836 O. W. Hotmes Poems, Poetry w.iv, Not in the 
cells where frigid learning delves In Aldine folios moulder- 
ing on their shelves. 1864 Sir F. Parcrave Norm, & Eng. 
III. 32 The Norman Antiquary delves for the of 
his country anterior to the reign of Philip pro, 

9. To work hard, slave, drudge. dial. or slang. 

1869 Miss L. M. Atcorr Lit. Women 1. ii. 171 Delve like 


| dulfe. 


transf. 1735 SOMERVILLE | 


fordenman: see Dam sb.1} 


172 


slaves. Whitby Closs, s.v., ‘They're delving at it’, 
going with the work. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. 
Word-bk., Delve. .to slave, to drudge. Farmer Slang, 
Delve it (tailors’', to hurry with one’s work, head down and 
sewing fast. 

+10. To dip with violence, plunge down into 
water. Obs. rare—}. 

1697 Dampier Voy. I. xiii. 367 He was bound..on a Bam- 
bon... which was so near the Water, that by the Vessels 
per ty it frequently delved under water, and the man along 
with it. 

ll. Of the slope of a hill, road, etc. : To make 
a sudden dip or deep descent. ‘ 

1848 Lytton Arthur v1. Ixxxi, The bird beckoned down a 
delving lane. 1855 Cham. F¥rud. 111. 329 The combs delve 
down precipitously. 1862 Lyrron Str. Story Il. 115 ‘The 
path was rugged .. sometimes skirting the very brink of 
perilous cliffs ; sometimes delving down to the h 


DEMAIM. 
Demagogical, f. as .+-AL.] = 
pant ortH Lives Lose eacaiel of tl Rae 


lemagogical, could not allow much favour to one who 
rose a monarchist declared. 1853 Lytrox My Aoved x1. ii. 
(D.), A set of demagogical fellows who keep calling out, 
* Farmer this isan oppressor, and Squire that 1s a vampyre *. 
1867 J. GarrieLp in Century Mag. Jan. cae nals Where 
ee ae ot te lemagogical spirit as in our 
gress, 


x, (dem: iz’m). 
[f Demacocvr + -1sM.] ‘The practice prin- 
ciples of a demagogne. : 

1824 Blackw. Mag. XV1. 480 In a government depending 
on popular support, vices of demagogism (let us take a 
‘Trans-Atlantic privilege of coining a word) will be found. 
1831 Fraser's Mag. iil. 478 His dissolute and detestable 
demagoguism. p Lowe. Study 1h ge (1886) 181 The 


Hence: Delved ff/. a., Delving vé/. sb. and 


ppl. a. 

1377 Lanot. P. P2. B. v1. 250 In dykynge or in deluynge. 
Fieminc Panopl. Epist. 356 Let us..fall to delving. 

Mitton Death Fair Inf. v, Hid from the world ina 
low-delvtd tomb. a@ 1659 CLEVELAND Count. Com. Man 
Poems (1677) 98 One that hates the King because he is a 
Gentleman, transgressing the Magna Charta of Delving 
Adam. 1883 J. Sutetps in Trans. Highland Soc. Agric. 
Ser. iv. XV. 38 The delved and ploughed portion, about 
2s acres. 1888 Athenwum 25 Aug. 249/1 Weary delvings 
among a heterogeneous mass of documents. 

Delver (delva:. [f. prec. + -ER.] One who 
delves, as a tiller of the ground, or excavator. 
¢ 888 K. AELrrep Boeth. x1. § 6 zif se delfere Sa eorpan none 
1362 Lanai. /?. P72. A. Prol. 102 Dykers, and Deluers 
pat don heore dedes ille. 1413 Lype. Pilgr. Sowle wv. xxxvii. 
(1483) 84 More necessary to the land is a diker and a deluer 
than a goldsmyth. 1602 SHaks. //amt. v. i. 15 Nay but 
heare you Goodman deluer. @ 1619 Fornersy A theom. u. 
xii. § 2 (1622) 338 The Delver bound and clogd in clowted 
buskin. 1787 Burns 72a Dogs go. 1859 TeNNyson Enid 
774 As careful robins eye the delver’s toil. ~ 
Jig. 1859 HoLtanp Gold. F. v. 75 The delver in the 
stratified history of the race. 

Dely-, obs. form of words in DELI-. 

Delyte, obs.f. DELETE, DELIGHT; var. DELITE a. 

Dem, v.' Obs. exc. dial. [OE. -dgmman in 
trans. or absol. To 
dam, obstruct the course of water, etc. 

[c 1000 4 vs. /’s.(Spelm., Trin. MS.) lvii. 4 (Bosw.) Swa swa 
nedran deafe, and fordemmende earan heora.] ¢ 1325 £. £. 
Allit. P. B. 384 Vche a dale so depe pat demmed at pe 
brynkez. 1513 Doucias nets x1. vil. 9 Riuerys..Brystand 
on skelleis ourthirdemmyt lynnis. Mod. Sc.(Rovburghshire) 
‘Trying to dem the stream. 

Hence De-mming v/. sb. and ffi. a. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 1908 \Cott.) [Noe] baid seven dais in 
rest, for doute if ani demmyng brest. c1340 /bid. 11934 
(Fairf.) Ihesu and othir childryn .. went hem by the rever 
to gamyn..And demmynges [Co/?. lakes) vij made of clay. 

Dem, v.*; formerly demn. Minced form of 
Damn ; so demd for damned. 

+1. To damn, condemn. QOés. 

1377 Lanct. /’. P/. . v. 144 (MS. C.) Pise possessioneres 
preche and dempne freres. 1650 BAxter Saints’ R. 1. viii. 
(1662) 132 He is dead and demned in point of Law. 

2. In profane use. (So dem-me, demmy = 
Damme, damn me!; dem, for demd adv. = 
Damnep 4b.) 

1695 Concreve Love for L.u. ii, Oh, demn you, toad! 
1720 /Humourist 50 A Peau cries Dem me. 1 Scots 
Mag. Oct. 491/1, i now advanced to By Jove, Tere Ged, 
Geds curse it, and Demme. 1758 Gentl. Mag. XXV. 374 
Give me your person, dem your gold! 1801 Sforting A/ag. 
XVII. 23 Swear in a commanding military dem-me, 1838 
Dickens Nich. Nick. xvii, Two demd fine women: real 
Countesses. 1849 Tnackeray Pendennis iii, What a dem 
fine woman Mrs, Jones was. /d/d. liii, Miss Bell's a déttle 
—— But the smell of the hawthorn is pleasant, 

jemmy. 

Dem, obs. form of DEEM v. 

etize (déme-gnétaiz), v. [Dx- IL. 1.] 

1. trans. To deprive of magnetic quality. 

1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (1887) 56 We must 
magnetise and demagnetise in order to uce a continuous 
mechanical effect, 1887 7¥mes 9 Sept. 14/5 Hot air travers- 
ing the discs and rolls demagnetizes the discs, 

fg. 1875 Sears Serm. Chr. Life 43 People whose wills 
have been demagnetized. 

+2. To free from ‘magnetic’ or mesmeric in- 
fluence ; to demesmerize. Ods. 

W. Grecory Lett. Anim. Magnetism 106 This she 
ascribed to her not having been demagnetised, and it con- 
tinued next morning. 

Hence Dema‘gnetizing w//. s/.; Dema‘gnet- 
iza‘tion, the action or process of demagnetizing. 

1843 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 27 The de-magnetizi duced 

operations which serve also to magnetize. 1864 WrBsTER, 
lemagnetization, 1872 F. L. Pore Electr. Tel. ii- Ge) re | 
The act of demagnetization requires time, but is effect 
i rapidly than pe eel dzik) AL 
lemagogic (de:migp'gik, -ge'dgik), @. so 
-goguic. [mod. ad. Gr. dnyayaryinds, f. dnparyaryd 
DemacocuE. So mod.F. démagogi 


Sy 
ique (in Dict. 
Acad. 1835).] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature 
of a demagogue; characteristic of a demagogue. 

1831 Fraser's Mag. 1V. 374 That Spirit which is as far 
superior to the democratic or demagoguic, as the heavens 
are to the earth. a 1834 CoLeripce Shaks, Notes (1875) 126 


‘Thersites..is the Caliban of life. 1866 Fetron 
Anc. & Mod. Gr. U1. v. 78 He [ UF con tee ng voaad 
need of demagogic arts, the affections of the people. 


gogism which Aristop 
Demagogue (emigrg), sb. [mod. ad. Gr. 


dnpuaryery-ds a popular leader, a leader of the mob, 
f. 5ju0s people, populace, the commons + dyaryds 
leading, leader. 

In French, demagoge was used by Oresme in 14th c. ; but 
in the 17th Bossuet wished that it were issible to em- 
ploy the word. Démagogue was not admitted by the 
Academy till 1762.) 

1. In ancient times, a leader of the people; a 


| popular leader or orator who espoused the cause of 
| the people against any other party in the state. 


1651 Hones Govt. & Soc. x. § 6. 153 Ina Democraty, 


| how many Demagoges (that is) how many powerfull Oratours 


there are with the people. 1683 Drypen Life Plutarch 99 
‘Their warriours, and 's,and d 1g 1719 Swirt 
70 Vng. Clergyman, Demosthenes and Cicero, though each 
of them a leader (or as the Greeks called it, a demagogue in 
a popular state, yet seem to differ. 1832 tr. Siswondi's /tal. 
Rep. x. 224 He was descended from one of the demagogues 
who, in 1378. had undertaken the defence of the minor arts 
against the aristocracy. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 6. 520 
He [Pym] proved himself. .the grandest of demag ; 

In bad sense: A leader of a popular faction, 
or of the mob; a political agitator who appeals to 
the passions and prejudices of the mob in order to 
obtain power or further his own interests; an un- 
principled or factious popular orator. 

1648 Eikon Bas. iv, Who were the chief demagogues and 
patrons of tumults, to send for them, to flatter and embolden 
them. 1649 Mitton £ekon, iv. (1851) 365 Setting aside the 
affrightment of this Goblin word [demagogne)}; for the King 
by his leave cannot coine English as he could mony, to be 
current .. those Demagogues. .saving his Greek, were good 

triots. @1716 Soutn Serm. 11. 333 (T.) A plausible, in- 
significant word, in the mouth of an ex; demagogue, isa 
N 
ue. 


dangerous and a dreadful weapon. Lytton Aienzi 1. 
viii, I do not play the of a mere « 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. ™43 He despised mean arts 
and unreasonable clamours of demagogues, 

8. attrib. and Comb, 

1812 Soutuey in Q. Kev. VIII. 349 The venom and viru- 
lence of the cosaprene journalists. 1878 Lecky Eng. in 
1844 C. (1883) I11. 61 He stooped to no demagogue art. 1887 
Brit. Mercantile Gaz. 15 June 29/1 The overheated dema- 
gogue-fired imagination of the masses. 

Demag e,v. nonce-wd, [f. prec.] intr. 
To play the demagogue. 

165 * pple Oceana 143 When that same ranting 
fellow Alcibiades fell a demagoging for the Sicilian War. 


Demagoguery (demagegri,-gegéri). Chiefly 
U.S. [f. DEMAGOGUE sé, + -RY, -ERY.] Demagogic 
practices and arts ; ——, 

1866 NV. Y. Nation 4 Oct. 271/2 At this period the House 
wholly abandoned itself to ‘demagoguery’. 1888 Bettamy 
Looking Backward 84 The demagoguery ption of 
our public men, tf 

Demagoguish, a. rare. . as prec. 
+ -18H.) Like or of the nature of a demagogue. 
Hence De* guishness. 


mago: 
_ 1860 Cham, Fh XIV. 218 Its most prevalent feature is 
its unblushi emagogish 

v. nonce-wd. [f. DEMAGOGUE 


‘hat) intr. To pay the demagogue, 


voaee (Arvahergi. -evig)):. (mobos 
(de"m i, -gedzi). fs tr 
Snpa rship of the people, abstr. sb. f. 
ae oe DEMAGOGUE.] 
. The action or wally of oe ‘hee 
A J 5 . (16: t 
onan y of ancient Rhetori x Orit not insist upon 
ee iently, t c 
1835 lake. Mag. XXXVIT Den ths insane demagogy. 
ie Grote Cree, ivsiel pyieelgacieal Rese 
ti 
1680 Daily Teh. se Cee cea heart suspected of dema- 


y, the least % 
*o The rule of demagogues. 
1860 Huxiey in Darwin's Life & Lett. (1 
Despotism and demagogy are not the necessary 
of government. 


. A bod rire Sod 
1878 N. gy as Rev. VI. 156 The defeat .. of the 
back demagogy. Century Mag. 570 The economy 


) TI. 284 


green 

of an ignorant demagogy. 

+Demaim, v. Oés. [f. De- I. 1, 3+ Mam v.] 
trans. To maim, mutilate. a 
Son ene hon egies omens 


mere yal, his y de 
quartered, set up on i 
obs. form of vi 


Demain(e, an early form of Douay, DEMESNE. 


DEMAND. 


Demand (déma'nd), sé.1 Also 3-6 demaunde, 
4-5 demande. [a. F. demande (12th c. in Littré), 
f. demander to DEMAND. ] 

1. An act of demanding or asking by virtue of 
right or authority ; an authoritative or peremptory 
request or claim; also” ¢rvansf., the substance or 
matter of the claim, that which is demanded. 

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 130/823 Alle pat heorden peos de- 
maunde In grete wonder stoden bere. x in Colding- 
ham Corr. (Surtees 1841) 67 The quylk bischop mad hym 
richt resonable demaundes as we thoucht. 1393 Gower Conf. 
I. 259 But he..Withstood the wrong of that demaunde. 
1 pee Fables of Aésop v. xiii, A fayrer demaunde or 
request than thyn is I shalle now make. a@ 1533 Lp. Berners 
Huon\xvi. 229 Graunt to Gerard your brother his demaunde. 
1593 Suaks. Aech. //, i. iii. 123 All the number of his faire 
demands Shall be accomplish’d without contradiction. 1654 
Wurtevocke Fral, Swed. Enh. (1772) 1. 41 A desire, that 
Whitelocke would putt down his demands in writing. 1769 
Rosertson Chas. V, V. 1v. 377 Henry’s extravagant de- 
mands had been received at Madrid with that neglect which 
they deserved. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V. i. vii. 81 The 
AP ai seemed just and moderate to all present. 

. Jig. 

1729 Burver Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 71 Compassion is a call, 
a demand of nature, to relieve the unhappy. 1816 L. Hunr 
Rimini wu. 83 He made..A sort of fierce demand on your 
respect. 1885 F. TempLe Relat. Relig. § Sc. viii. 228 The 
sense of responsibility is a rock which no demand for com- 
pleteness in Science can crush. | 

2. The action of demanding; claiming ; peremp- 
tory asking. 

1602 SHaks. Ham, ut. i. 178 He shall with speed to 
England For the demand of our neglected Tribute. 1606 
— Tr. & Cr. 11. iii, 17 What would’st thou of vs Troian ? 
make demand? 1642-3 Ear. or Newcastte Declar. in 
Rushw. Hist. Cold. (1751) V. 134 So a Thief may term a true 
Man a Malignant, because he doth refuse to deliver his 
Purse upon demand. 1781 Cowrer 77uth 93 High in de- 
mand, songs lowly in pretence. 1874 Green Short Hist. 
iv. § 1. 161 The accession of a new sovereign .. was at once 
followed by the demand of his homage. 

b. On (tat) demand: (payable) on being re- 
quested, claimed, or presented: said of promissory 
notes, drafts, etc. 

1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2636/4 A Note, signed Samuel Lock 
to Isaac Stackhouse on Demand, for 1584. 7s. 3¢. 1715 /bid. 
No. 5299/4 They may have their Mony..at Demand. 1880 
J. W.Smitn Manual Com. Law i, vi.ed. 9) 287 If a bill or 
note is payable on demand, the Statute of Limitations runs 
from the date of the instrument, without waiting for a de- 
mand. 1892 J. Apam Commercial Corr. 24 A Bank Note is 
a Promissory Note payable to Bearer on Demand. 

3. Law. The action or fact of demanding or 
claiming in legal form ; a legal claim; es. a claim 
made by legal process to real property. 

[@148t Litteton Tenures 39 Si homme relessa a un 
auter toutz maners demandes.] 1485 Act 1 Hen. VII, c.1 
As if his ancestor had dyed seised of the said lands and 
ter so in d d. 1568 Grarton Chron. Il. 351 
Aucthoritie to enquire, intreate, defyne and determine of all 
maner of causes, querels, debtes and demaundes. 1628 
Coxe On Litt. 291b, There bee two kinde of demands or 
claimes, viz. a demand or claime in Deed, and a Demand or 
claime in Law. 1875 Poste Gaius iv. Comm. (ed. 2) 564 In 
a demand of a heritage, security must be given. 

4. ‘The calling for a thing in order to purchase 
it’ (J.); a call for a commodity on the part of 
consumers. 7 

1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 262 P 3 The Demand for my Papers 
has increased every Month. 1780 Jpartial Hist. War 
Amer. 35 The English, finding a great demand for tobacco 
in Europe. 1882 7 Zmes 27 Nov. 11 The demand for tonnage 
at the Rice Ports has decidedly increased. 

b. Pol. Econ, The manifestation of a desire on 
the part of consumers to purchase some commodity 
or service, combined with the power to purchase ; 
called also effectual demand (cf. EFFECTUAL I c). 
Correlative to supply. 

ant Avam Situ JI’, N, 1, xi. (1868) I. 197 The average 
produce of every sort of industry is always suited, more 
or less exactly, to the aserage consumption; the average 
supply to the average demand. _ 1776-1868 [see ErrecruaL 
rch. Mut Pol, Econ, 1. iii, $2 Demand and supply 
govern the value of all things which cannot be indefinitely 
increased, vos Evons Prim. Pol, Econ. The Laws 
of Supply an emand may be thus stated: a rise of 
price tends to produce a greater supply and a less demand ; 
a fall of price tends to produce a less supply and a greater 
demand, 

ce. Jn demand: sought after, in request. 

1825 MeCuttocu Pod. Econ, u. iv. 178 Labourers would 
be in as great demand as before. 1828 WessTeER s. v.,. We 
say, the company of a gentleman is in great demand ; the 
lady is in great demand or request. 1868 Rocrrs Po/. Econ. 
iii, (1876) 2 It-is necessary in order to give value to any 
object, that it should be, as is technically said, in demand. 

5. An urgent or pressing claim or requirement ; 
need actively expressing itself. 

¢1790 Wittock Voy, 259 We found the garrison had very 
urgent demands for provisions. 1856 Sir B. Bropiz Psychol. 
ing. 1.1. 3 He had sufficient fortune to meet the reasonable 
demands of himself and his family. 1875 Jowrrr Plato 
(ed. 2) III. 184 The demands of a profession destroy the 
elasticity of the mind. 

6. A request; a question. arch. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T.374 Men myghten asken 
why she was nat slayn.. I answere to that demande agayn 
Who saued danyel in the horrible Caue. ¢ 1477 Caxton 
Fason 6x b, I wolde faynaxe yow a demande if it were your 
playsir. 1553 ‘I. Witson Rhet, 1 Every question or de- 
maunde in thynges is of two sortes. 1634 Canne Necess. 


173 


Sefar. (1849) 15 ‘There follows an exhortation 
other demands and answers. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. 
‘Task pardon, sir..is not your name Ephraim Jenkinson ?’ 
At this demand he only sighed. /béd. xxxi, ‘Pray your 
honour. .can the Squire have this lady's fortune if he be 
married to another?’ ‘How can you make such a simple 
demand?’ replied the Baronet: ‘undoubtedly he cannot.’ 
182r SHELLEY Prometh. Und, 1. iv. 124 One more demand ; 
and do thou answer me As my own soul would answer, did 
it know That which I ask. 

7. attrib., as demand note, a note payable on de- 
mand (2b); also, a formal request for payment. 

1866 Crump Banking v. 129 On a ‘demand’ note the 
statute [of Limitation] would run from the date of the instru- 
ment. 1892 J. ApAM Commerc. Corr. 22 The most common 
form is the Demand Promissory Note. 1892 /aily News 
19 Dec. 6/3 Demand money was valued at 10 to 25 per 
cent. 

+ Dema‘nd, 56.2 Sc. Obs. [a. OF. *déesmande 
(not in Godef.), f. OF. desmander, mod.F¥. dial. aé- 
mander to countermand, f. des-, dé- (D18-) + mander 
:—L. mandare, to order.]_Countermand ; opposi- 
tion to a command, desire, or wish ; demur. 

c1soo Lancelot 191, I that dar makine no demande To 
quhat I wot It lykith loue commande. /6zd. 3052, I fal at 
hir command Do at I may, withouten more demand. 1535 
Stewart Cron. Scot. 11, 598 In the passage with drawin 
sword in hand, Still thair he stude, and maid thame sic 
demand, Neuir ane of thame he wald lat furth by. 

Demand (d/ma'nd), v. Also 5-7 demaund e. 
[a. F. demander (= Pr., Sp., Pg. demandar, It. di- 
mandare):—L.démandare to give in charge, entrust, 
commit (f. Dr- I. 3 + mandare to commission, 
order), in med.L. =foscere to demand, request Du 
Cange). 

The transition from the Latin sense ‘give in charge, entrust, 
commit, commend’ to the Romanic sense ‘request, ask’, 
was probably made through the notion of etrusting or 
committing to any one a duty to be performed, of charging 
a servant, or officer, with the performance of something, 
whence of veguiring its performance of him, or authorita- 
tively requesting him to do it. Hence the notion of asking 
in a way that commands obedience or compliance, which the 
word retains in English, and of simple asking, as in French. 
An indirect personal object (repr. the L. dative) would 
thus be a necessary part of the original construction, but it 
had ceased to be so before the word was adopted in England, 
where the earliest use, both in Anglo-Fr. and English, is 
to demand a thing simply. The verb probably passed into 
the vernacular from its legal use in Anglo-French. ] 

I. To ask (authoritatively or peremptorily) for: 
*a thing. 

1. ¢rans. To ask for (a thing) with legal right or 
authority ; to claim as something one is legally or 
rightfully entitled to. 

{1292 Britton vi. iv. § 16 Si..le pleintif se profre et de- 
maunde jugement de la defaute, le pleintif recovera seisine 
de sa demaunde, et le tenaunt remeindra en la merci.] 1489 
Caxton Faytes of A.11. xiv. 199 Hys heyre myght haue an 
actyon for to demande the hole payement of hys wages. 
1568 Grarton Chron. II. 114 He was compelled to demaund 
an ayde and taske of all England for the quieting of Ire- 
lande. 1 R. Crompton L’A uthoritie des Courts 8 The 
Serjeant of the Parliament should. .demaund deliuery of the 
prisoner. 1628 Coke Ox Lift. 127a, He 'sha!l defend but 
the wrong and the force, & demand the iudgement if he 
shall be answered. 1634 Sir ‘I’. Herperr 77vav. 182 And 
for every tun of fresh water, they demanded and was payed 
.-foure shillings and foure pence. 1670 Tryal of Penn 

Mead in Phenix (1721) 321, 1 demand my Liberty, being 
reed by the Jury. 1763 Gentl. Mag. Sept. 463 The peace 
officer..demanding entrance, the door was opened a little 
way. 1894 Mivart in £eclectic Mag. Jan. 10 To all men 
a doctrine was preached, and assent to its teaching was 
categorically demanded. 

b. with inf phrase or subord. clause. 

1588 Suaks. L. L. L. 1. i. 143 He doth demand to haue 
repaid A hundred thousand Crownes. 1751 Jounson Ram- 
bler No. 161 Pg ‘The constable .. demanded to search the 
garrets. 1834 L. Ritcnie Wand. by Seine 40 The diocese 
of Paris .. had the cruelty and injustice to demand that the 
bones. .should be returned to their care. 

2. spec. in Law. To make formal claim to (real 
property) as the rightful owner. Cf. DEMAND sd. 3 
and DEMANDANT I. 

1485 Act x Hex. VI/,c.1 That the demandant in euery 
such case haue his action against the Pernour or Pernours 
of the profits of the lands or tenements demanded. 1531 
Dial. Laws Eng. ix. 18b, If the demandaunt or plaintyffe 
hangyng his writ wyll entre in to the thyng demaunded his 
wryt shal abate. 1628 Coke Ox Litt. 127b, Demandant, 
peteur, is hee which is actor in a reall action because he 
demandeth lands, etc. 1 BiackstonE Comm. (ed. 9) 
Il. App. xviii, Francis Golding Clerk in his proper per- 
son demandeth against David Edwards, Esq., two mes- 
suages. ; 

3. To ask for (a thing) peremptorily, imperiously, 
urgently, or in such a way as to command attention. 
+ But formerly often weakened into a simple equi- 
valent of ‘to ask’ (esf. in transl. from French, etc.). 
Const. of or from a person. 

1484 Caxton Curiad/ 1b, But whatdemaundest thou? Thou 
sechest the way to lese thy self by thexample of me. 
HAL Chron, 236 When Piers Cleret had paied the pencion 
to the lorde Hastynges, he gently demaunded of hym an 
acquitaunce, for his discharge. 1600 E. BLounr tr. Cones- 
taggio 273 By his letter, hee had demaunded pardon of the 
Catholiqne King. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biouds's Eromena 
108 He was to intreate his father to demand for him a wife. 
165: Hosses Leviaté. 1, xl. 255 They demanded a King, 


DEMAND. 


Virg. Aeneid ut. 71 Trojans eye me in wrath, and demand. 
my life as a foe! 
. with object expressed by if. phrase or subord. clause. 

1534 Lp. Berners tr. Godden Bk. AM. Aurel. (1546) 56, 
I demaunded then to haue a compte of the people. 
1600 EK. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 242 Fhey demaunded 
secretly..to borrow beds of silke, silver vessels, and other 
things fit fora kings service. 1754 Hume //ist. Eng. I. v. 
304 Anselm .. demanded positively, that all the revenues of 

is see should be restored to him. 1769 Go.tpsm. //ist. 
Rome (1786) I. 39 ‘wo ruffians..demanded to speak with 
the king. 1798 /uvasion Il. 232 He .. demanded to speak 
with Sherland. 

ec. absol. 

1sog Hawes ast. /’leas. xxxin. xxii, Whan I had so 
obteyned the victory, Unto me than my verlet well sayd: 
You have demaunded well and worthely. 1597 SHAKs. 
Lover's Compl. 149 Yet did I not, as some my equals did, 
Demand of him, nor being desired, yielded. 1601 — 4//'s 
Well u. i. 21 Those girles of Italy, take heed of them, They 
say our French lacke language to deny If they demand, 

+4. To make a demand for (a thing) fo (a per- 
son). [=Fr. demander a.\ Obs. 

1483 Caxton G. de la Tour D vj, Of whiche god shalle 
aske and demaunde to them acompte the day of his grete 
Jugement. c1g00 A/elnsine 134 The kinge receyued hym 
moche benyngly and demanded to hym som tydynges. 

5. Toask for (a person) to come or be produced ; 
to ask to see ; to require to appear; to summon. 

1650 Futter Pisgah i. xii. 257 And first in a fair way the 
offenders are demanded to justice. 1848 C. Bronte J. Lyre 
xxxiv, While the driver and Hannah brought in the boxes, 
they demanded St. John. f 

6. fg. Said of things: a. To call for of right or 
justice; to require. 

[rz92 Britton 1. ix. $1 Et poet estre treysoun graunt et 
petit ; dunt acun demaund jugement de mort, et acun amis- 
sioun de membre [etc.].] 1703 Pore Thedaés 3 ‘Th’ alternate 
reign destroy’d by impious arms Demands our song. 1779 
Cowrer Left. 2 Oct., Two pair of soles, with shrimps which 
arrived last night demand my acknowledgments. 1836 J. 
Gitpert Chr. «1 tonem. vi. (1852) 168 Holiness may demand, 
but not desire the punishment of transgressors. 1871 FREE- 
MAN Nore. Cong. (1876) 1V. xvii. 93 The piety of the Duke 
demanded that the ceremony should be no longer de- 
layed. 

b. To call for or require as neecssary; to have 
need of. 

1748 F. Smirn Voy. Disc. NAW. Pass. 1.145 Keep the 
Water .. from going down faster, than the [Beaver] Dams 
which are below the House demand it. 1855 Bain Sevses & 
Int. ii. §6 Sensibility everywhere demands a distribution 
of nerve fibres. 1878 Moriry Cardy/e Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 199 
Government .. more than anything else in this world de- 
mands skill, patience, energy, long and tenacious grip. 

** a person for or to do a thing. 

+7. To ask (a person) authoritatively, peremp- 
torily, urgently, etc. for (a thing); to require (a 
person) fo do a thing. Ods. 

1632 Litncow 7 av. x. 482, I intreated Sir Richard Hal- 
kins to goe a shoare to the Governour, and demand him 
for my Gold. 1652 J. Wapswortn tr. Sandoval’s Civ. 
Wars Spain 22 Hee demanded the Catalanes to receiv, 
and acknowledg him their King. 1726-7 Swirt Guddiver 1. 
iii. 49 After they were read, 1 was demanded to swear to 
the performance of them. 1795 Cicely 1. 37 He demanded 
the traitor to give up his lovely prize. 

*** tatrans. 

+ 8. To make a demand; to ask for or after ; to 
call urgently for. Obs. 

@ 18533 Lp. Berners //202 |x. 208 Huon approchyd to the 
shyppe and demaundyd for the patrone and for the mayster 
of them that were in the shyppe. 1605 SHaxs, Lear ut. ii. 
65 Which euen but now, demanding after you, Deny'd me 
to come in. 1654 R. Coprincron tr. ¥us‘ine 200 ‘lo free 
himself of it, he demanded for a sword. 

II. To ask (authoritatively) to know or be told : 
* a thing. 

9. To ask to know, authoritatively or formally ; 
to request to be told. 

[1292 Britton 1. v. § 9 Qe il verite dirrount de ceo ge hom 
les demaundera de par nous.) 1 (Mar.) BA. Com. 
Prayer, Baptism, Vhen the prieste shall demaunde the name 
of the childe. 1893 SHaxs. Lucy. Argt., They .. finding 
Lucrece attired in mourning habit, demanded the cause of 
her sorrow. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 262 The Por- 
tugals demaunded the state of the realme. 1634 Sir T. HEr- 
Bert 7rav.77 In bravery and shew of insolence, demanding 
her businesse. 1818 SHELLEY Aev. /s/anze m1. vii, Ere with 
rapid lips and gathered brow I could demand the cause. 
1859 TENNYSON Lid 193 And Guinevere. .desired his name 
and sent Her maiden to demand it of the dwarf. 

b. with the object expressed by a clause. 

1494 Fanyan Chron. 1. xiv. 14 Y° fader .. demaunded of 
Ragan, the seconde doughter, how wel she loued hym. 1526 
Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 200b, Demaundyng & en- 
quiryng, where is he yt is borne the kyng of y" iewes. 1568 
Grarton Chroxz. II, 226 She demaunded howe her Uncle 
the French king did. 161g Sir E. Hopy Curry-combe 80 You 
should rather demand from him What likenesse there is 
between 34 and 42. 1766 Goipsm. Vic, W. xiv, The old 
gentleman. .most respectfully demanded if I was in any way 
related to the great Primrose. 1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) 
I, 23 All the members demanded with one voice who it was 
who was charged with the crime of theft. : 

+10. With cognate object : To ask (a question, 
etc.). Obs. 

1go2 Ord, Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iii. 16 Which de- 
maundeth a questyon. 1577 Nortuprooke Déicing (1843) 62 
Saye on .. what you haue to demande, and I will answere 
you. 1602 Futsecke 1st Pt. Parall. 50 Then I know your 


after the manner of the nations. 18zz Mar. E ORTH 
Vivian xi, The physician qualified the assent which his 
lordship’s p' y tone dtod 1887 BowEN 


P as hing this question, now let me demaund 
another. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u. Ded, § 15 It asketh 
some knowledge to demand a question, not impertinent. 


DEMANDABLE. 


** a person (as to a thing). 

+11. To ask (a person) authoritatively or formally 
to inform one (0/, how, etc.). Obs. 

€ 1450 Crt. of Love (R.), And me demaunded how and in 
what wise I thither come, and what my errand was. ¢ 14 
Caxton Fason 18 She. .demanded him how he felte him self 
and how he ferde. a 1536 Cadisto §& Me/. in Hazl. Dodséey 1. 
a demand thee not thereof. 1611 Suaks. Cyd, ui. vi. 92 

hen we haue supp'’d Wee'l mannerly demand thee of thy 
Story. 1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1. 38, I demanded our depen- 
dant, what was to pay? 

b. without extension. 

1490 Caxton //ow to Die 11 Yf there be none to demaunde 
hym, he oughte to demaunde hymselfe. 1555 Even Decades 
5 They declared the same to me when I demanded them. 

Cc. in passive. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.1531)16 Demaunded by Pharao 
of what age he was, Jacob answered. 1568 Grarron Chron. 
Il. 277 They were demaunded why they departed. 1635 
Sippes Soul's Confl. Pref. (1638)9 Philip... being a long time 
prisoner .. was demanded what upheld him all that time. 
1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. 1. (ed. 2) 91 Had our Ances- 
tors..been demanded these few questions. 1722 SeEweL 
Hist. Quakers (1795) 11. vu. 11 Being demanded in the 
Court why he did not tell his name. 

*** intyans. 12. To ask, inquire, make inquiry. 

Poa of, tat the person asked; tb. of the object asked 
about. 

1382 Wycur Bible, Pref. Ep. iv. 65 The Saueour. .askynge 
of questiouns of the lawe, more techeth, whil he prudentli 
demaundeth [1388 while he askith wisely questiouns]. 1526 
Tinvace Luke iii. 14 The soudyoures lyke wyse demaunded 
of hym sayinge: and what shall we do? 1568 GrAFTon 
Chron. Il. 205 The king .. helde her still by the right 
hande, demaundyng right gently of her estate and businesse. 
1588 Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 208 Quhen God sal rise to 
iudge, and quhen he sal demand at me quhat sal I answer? 
1611 Binte Fob xiii. 4 Heare .. I will demand of thee, and 
declare thou vnto me. 1821 SHetiey /’remeth. Und. it. iv. 
141 The immortal Hours, Of whom thou didst demand. 

Ilence Demanded ///. a. 

15s2in Hutoet. 1769 Oxford Mag. 11. 143/2 The demanded 
qualification is a merciful soul, if we would experience 
mercy. 1815 Mary Pitkincton Celebrity III. 152 ‘The 
demanded drugs were sold without exciting the smallest 
suspicion. 

Demandable (d/ma'ndab'l), a. [f. prec. + 
-ABLE.] That may be demanded or claimed. 

1576 Freminc Panopl. /pist. 62 We did no lesse..in the 
hehalfe of our countrie, then of dutie was demaundable. 1602 
Fursecke /’andectes 43 Certaine ministeries or dutifull re- 
spectes were by reason of such Leagues due and demaund- 
able. 1666 Pervs Diary(1879 111. 416, £ 2000. .demaundable 
at two days’ warning. 1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5894/3 The.. 
Interest, .shall be demandable by the Bearers. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed, 2) V. 328 Any writ by which lands are demand- 
able. 1884 Sir R. Baccatray in Law Ref, 28 Ch. Div. 472 
A rate due and demandable at the time it was made. 


Demandant (d/ma‘ndant). [a. Anglo-Fr. (and 


Fr.) demandant (15th c.), sb. use of pr. pple. of | 


demander 10 EMAND.] One who demands. 

1. Law. a. spec. The plaintiff in a real action ; 
b. gen. a plaintiff or claimant in any civil action. 

[1344 Act 18 Edw. /1/, c. 7 Pour quoi tieux dismes a les 
demandauntz ne deivent estre restitutes—frans/, wherefore 
such dismes ought not to be restored to the said demand- 
ants.) 1485 -Ict.1 //en, V//,c. 1 The Demaundants shuld 
not knowe ayenst whom they shall take their accion. 1495 
Act 11 Hen. VII c. 24 § 1 The demaundaunt or playntif in 
the same Atteynt hath afore be nonsute. 1614 SetpEN 7itles 
Hon. 234 The Earle excepted also to the Jurisdiction. .and 
the Demandants replie. 1641 Termes de la Ley 107 b, De- 
maundant is he that sueth or complaineth in an action Reall 
for title of land, and he is called plaintife in an Assise, and 
in an action personal. 1767 Biackstone Com. 11. 271 In 
such cases a jury shall try the true right of the demandants 
or plaintiffs to ihe land. "1832 Austin Yurispr. (1879) 1. vi. 
295 A sovereign government .. may appear in the character 
of defendant, or may appear in the character of demandant 
before a tribunal of its own appointment. 

2. One who makes a demand or claim; a de- 
mander, 

1590 SwinbuRNE 7 estaments 62 It is to bee presumed that 
the testator’ did answer, yea, rather to deliuer himselfe of 
the importunitie of the demaundant, then vpon deuotion or 
intente to make his will. 1603 Hottanp /’/ularch's Mor, 
204 ‘lo reproch the demandant, as though hee had little 
skill and discretion, to aske a thing of him who could not 

ive the same. 1780 Burke Leon, Reform Wks. 1842 1.2 

hich will give preference to services, not according to the 
importunity of the demandant, but the rank and order of their 
utility or their ae 1888 Co-operative News 26 May 486 
Rights equitably claimed by the d dant for h f. 

3. One who —— or interrogates. 

1656 J. Bourne Def. Scriptures 52 Read Mr. John Deacon, 
a solid and sharp Questionist, Replyant Demandant. 
1826 Disrarit Viv. Grey vi. vi, 1t was evident the demand- 
ant had questioned rather from systems than by way of 
security, 1854 Syp. Dosett Balder Pref. 6 Perhaps it would 
be consi too general a reference if I were to remit my 
demandants to the whole history of intellect. 

+Dema‘ndate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
démandare to give in charge, entrust, commit ; see 
DeEMAND v. and -aTE.] /vans. To commit, dele- 
gate, entrust. Hence“ Demandated f//. a. 

31641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. xiv. 174 The Church, 
which did first d date this Episcopall authority to one 
particular . 1640 Br. Hart Zfise. ut. i, go Out of his 
owne peculiarly demandated Authority. 

Dema‘ndative, a. rare. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
démandare to DEMAND + -ATIVE.] Of the nature 
of a demand or legal claim ; made by or on behalf 
of the demandant. 


174 


1820-27 Bentuam Yudicial Proc. xiii. §1 Wks. Ul. 74 
Statements, demandative or defensive. 
ndee’, demandé. Ols. nonce-wi. 
[Sce -rE.] One of whom a question is demanded. 
1603 Hoitanp Piutarch's Mor. 205 oe ac 
ai 


DEMATERIALIZE. 


course to the westward of the line of demarkation, drawn 
by the Pope. 1804 Sourney in Aun, Rev, 11.6 Ruy Falero 
wanted to bring the Moluccas on the ish side of the line 
of demarcation. 1849 tr. Humboldt’s Cosmos 11. 655 As early 
as the 4th of a 1493) the celebrated bull was signed by 
Al der VI, which blished ‘to all ity’ the 


space of time betweene the d : during 
which sil , both the d der may have while to bethinke 
himselfe and adde somewhat thereto, if he list, and also the 
demandé time to think of an answere, 

Demander (d/ma‘nda:).  [f. Demanpv. + -ER. 
Cf. F. demandeur (13th c.).] One who demands. 

1. One who asks with authority, urgency, ete. ; 
one who claims, requests, calls for. 

1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) D vij, The 
requeste was pitifull..and he to whom it was made, was the 
father, and the demaunder was the mother. 1556 Aurelio 
& sab, (1608) Aij, Unto none of the foresayde demaunders 
wold he never geve her in mariage. 1638 Cumtiinew. Xelig. 
H’rot. 1. iv. $19. 201 He hath intreated his Demander to 
accept of thus much in part of paiment. 1754 Jouxson Life 
of Cave, A tenacious maintainer, though not a clamorous 

emander of his right. 

+ 2. One who asks or inquires; one who puts a 
question. Obs. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xviii. 146 The de- 
maunder of the question. Hoitysanp Campo di Fior 
157 O what an importunate asker of questions is here..O 
what a troublesome demander. 1692 Locke Joleration 1. 
i. Wks. 1727 11. 304 The Majority .. shall give any forward 
}emander Occasion to ask, What other Means is there left? 

3. One from whom there is a demand for an 
article of commerce ; a buyer, consumer. 

a 1620 Carew (J.), And delivereth them to the demanders’ 
ready use at all seasons. 1776 Apam Sautu I’, N. 1. vii. 
(1868) I. 58 Those who are willing to pay the natural price 
of the commodity..may be called the effectual demanders. 
1821 New Monthly Mag. 1,96 Demanders and not suppliers. 
1885 J. Bonar Malthus 11.1. 233 ‘The power of buying the 
food that feeds new demanders. : 

+ Dema‘nderess. V/s. [a. F. demanderesse, 
fem. of demandeur: see prec.) A female demandant. 

1611 Corcr., Demanderesse, a demaunderesse, a woman 
that is a Plaintife or Petitioner. 1828 Wesster, Deman- 
dress. 

Demanding ((/ma‘ndiy), vé/. 56. [-1nG 1.] 
The action of the verb DEMAND. 

1530 PausGr. 212/2 Demaundyng of counsayle, consulta- 
tion, 1§56 -luredio & Isab, (1608: C, Moderate demaund- 
inges and accustomed requestes. 1642 /'rolests of Lords I. 
13 The demanding by this House of some to be left to justice. 

Dema:nding, ///. a. [-1NG *.] That demands, 
Hence Dema‘ndingly adv., in a demanding man- 
ner, as a demandant. 

1873 L. WaAvtace air God vy. v. 289 And what if the Fate 
had come demandingly? 

Demane, obs. Sc. f. DEMEAN v.!, to treat, etc. 

Demarcate (d/'marke't), v. [Back-formation 
on DEMARCATION ; See -ATE3: cf. Sp. and Pg. de- 
marcar.) trans. To mark out or determine the 
boundary or limits of; to mark off, separate, or 
distinguish from; to mark or determine, as a 
boundary or limit; to define. a. /¢. in reference 
to spatial limits, as of territory. 

1816 KeatinGe 7 rev. (1817) I. 214 The marine deposits .. 
appear to demarcate its extreme undulation here, 1882 S¢, 
James's Gaz. Apr., The region thus demarcated is. .the onl 
part ef Wales described..in Domesday. | 1884 /’al/ Mall G. 
g June 11/1 An Anglo-Russian Commission will proceed 
..to demarcate the northern frontier of Afghanistan. 

b. fig. in reference to other than spatial limits. 

1858 Lewes Sea-Side Stud. 314 How shall we demarcate 
Reproduction from Growth? 1883 Athenaeum 20 Jan. 79 
Sharp distinctions of national flavour which demarcate one 
European literature from another. A 

Hence De‘marcated, De‘marcating ///. adjs. 

1840 GLapstone Ch. Princ. 34 For the preservation of the 
demarcating lines. 1862 H. Srencer First Princ. u. xxi. 
§ 169 The demarcated grouping which we everywhere see. 

Demarcation (dimaské'fon). Also demark- 
ation. [ad. Sp. demarcacion (Pg. demarcagio), 
n. of action from demarcar to lay down the limits 
of, mark out the bounds of, f. de- = Dr I. 3 + marcar 
to Mark. So F, démarcation (1752 in Hatzf.), from 
Spanish. First used of the dinea de demarcacton 
(Pg. linha de demarcagao) laid down by the Pope 
in dividing the New World between the Spanish 
and Portuguese.] 

‘The action of marking the boundary or limits of 
something, or of marking it off from something 
else; delimitation; separation. Usually in phr. 
line of demarcation. 3 

a. lit. (a) originally in reference to the meridian 
age. the Spanish from the Portuguese Indies. 

Y l of 4 ay 1493, ‘sobre la particion del oceano’ 
fixed the Line of Demarcation at 100 leagues west of the Cape 
Verde Isles; the ‘ Capitulacion de la ion del Mar 
Oceano entre los Reyes Catolicos y _Juan Rey de 
Portugal’, of 7 June 1494, definitely established it at 370 
leagues (174 to an equatorial degree) west of these isles, or 
about 47° long. W. of Greenwich in the Atlantic, and at the 
anti-meridian of 133° E. long. in the East Indies. ‘The word 
occurs in the latter document ‘ dentro de la dicha limitacion 
y demarcacion’, Navarrete Viages II. 121.) 

ae Fs Cuamorrs Cyel., Line of Demarcatie 
di Line. tr. Juan & Ulloa's ook: Fa 142 
Eastward it ext to Brasil, being terminat meri- 
dian of demarcation. 1777 Rowerrsox Hist. Amer. (1778) 
J. m1, 206 The communication with the East Indies, by a 


or Alexan- 


Pope 

line of demarcation between the Spanish and Portuguese 
P ‘ions at a di of one h d leagues to the west 
of the Azores, z 

(4) of other lines dividing regions. 

1801 W. Tayior in Afonthly Mag. x1. 646 As if the whole 
North of Germany, within the line of demarcation might 
very © ientl asep pire. 1809 W. Irvine 
Kuickerd. (1861) 25 Nothing but precise demarcation of 
limits, and the intention of cultivation, can establish the 
possession. 1856 Srantey Sinai § Pal. vi. (1858) 267 So 
completely was the line of demarcation observed. . between 
Pheenicia and Palestine, that their histories hardly touch. 


. Jig. 

1776 Bentuam Fragm, Govt. iv. § 36 Wks. I. 290 These 
bounds the supreme body. .has marked out to its authority : 
of such a demarcation, then, what is the effect? 1790 Burke 
Fr. Rev. 43 The speculative line of demarcation, where 
obedience ought to end, and resistance must begin, is. .not 
easily definable. Lyewt Princ. Geol. IL. ut. xxxvii. 327 
Where the lines of demarcation between ies ought 
to be drawn. 1883 Century Mag. Dec. 1 A strange 
demarkation between the sexes was enforced in these cere- 
monies. 

Demarch (di'maik). [ad. L. démarchus, a. Gr. 
Shuapxos governor of the people, president of a 
deme, f. djuos district, deme, common people + 
épxés leader, chicf.] In ancient Greece : The pre- 
sident or chief magistrate of ademe. In modern 
Greece: The mayor of a town or commune. 

1642 Coll. Rights & Priv. Parl. 10 At Lacedemonia, the 
Ephors: at Athens, the Demarches. ¢ 1643 Alaximes Un- 
JSelded 38 Demarchs, or popular Magistrates, to moderate 
their supposed Monarchy. 1838 ‘I'nirtwatt Greece IL. xi. 
74 The newly inc ated townships, each of which was 
governed by its local magistrate, the demarch. 1884 J. T. 
Bent in Macm. Mag. Oct. 431/2 These eparchs again look 
after the demarchs or mayors of the various towns. 

|| Démarche (dema‘rf). (In mod. Dicts. de- 
march.) fa. F. démarche (15-16th c, in Hatzf.), 
vbl. sb. f. démarcher (12th c.) to march, f. dé- = L. 
De- I. 3 + marcher to Marcu. In the 18th c. 
nearly anglicized ; now treated as a French loan- 
word.] Walk, step ; proceeding, manner of action. 

1658 tr. Bergerac's Satyr. Char. p. v, As much deceived as 
those are that. .expect to learne Comportment from a Come- 
dians Demarche. 1678 Tremrie Let. Ld. 7'reas. Wks. 1731 
11. 479 By the French Demarches here and at Nimeguen.. 
I concluded all Confidence irreparably broken between Us 
and France. 1741 Collect. Lett. in Lond. Frunl. x. (T.), 
Imagination enlivens reason in its most solemn demarc! 
1885 L. Marer Col. Enderby's Wife u. viii. 139 (Stanf.) 
‘Tired out, past caring whether her démare a wise 
or a foolish one. : ; 

Demarchy (dfmaski), [ad. L. démarchia, a. 
Gr. 8npuapxia the office of a Demarcn: see -Y.] 
The office of a demarch; a popular ——— 
The municipal body of a modern Gree! comniie. 

1642 Brivce Wounded Consc. Cured § 1.9 Such..were 
Eptod that were set aque the Kings of Lacedemonia. -or 
the Demarchy against the Senate at Athens. a 
Unfolded 38 If the people in Parliament may c their 
Lawes, the y will prove a Demarchy, and that 
spoiles and destroyes Monarchie. 

+ Dema'rk, dema‘rque, 2.! Os. [a. F. dé- 
margue-r to deprive of its mark or marks, f. dé-, 
des- \Dx- I. 6) + marguer to mark. Cf. DisMark.] 
trans. To remove the marks of, obliterate, efface. 

1654 H. L'Estrance Chas. 1 (1655) 168 To form their de- 
portment in so ovale a posture, as might de-marque and 

le so 


imputation [as rebellion]. 

[Deduced from Dr- 

MARCATION after mark vb.: cf. Sp. and Pg. demar- 
car and DEMARCATE.] = DEMARCATE. 

1834 H. O'Brien & Towers Ireland 242 Nor are their 
[myriads of ages’) limits demarked by the vague and in- 
definite exordium of even the talented. .legislator, Moses 
himself. 1883 F. Haut in (WV. ¥”.) Nation XXVIT 44/3 
Distinguishing traits .. such as everywhere demark 
denizens of a colony from those of its mother country. 


Demartialize, v. once-wd. [f. Du- Il. 1+ 
MARTIAL a. + ‘wee trans. To deprive of warlike 


deface all tokens horrid an 
Demark (d/miuk), v.* 


characfer or organization. 
1882 W. E, Baxter Winter in India xiv. 133 The whole 
population being di and demartialized 


Dematerialize (dfmativrialoiz), v. [f Dr- 
II. 1+ MATERIAL @. +-128.] a. ¢rans. To deprive 
of material character or ities; to render im- 
material. b. intr, To dematerialized. 
Hence Demate‘rialized ///. a., -izing ///. a. and 
ta econ ape cg 

. ER in 1 + jan. 
ee ee 
. ec 
to culstnate tn the completely dematerialised God of Chris. 
tianity, 1891 Cosmopolitan X11. 114/1 He has 
29 Jan. 4 She 


everything into a memory, . 
wil geataaiie dematerialise, and fade away like a vapour 
before the eyes. 

Demath, dial. var. of Day-MaTH. 

1559 Lanc. Wills U1. 125 One demathe of hey. 
ss Gloss. Been Cc egy ge — 

a statute acre, erroneously so, ‘4 

half of a Cheshire acre. .the Demath bears [the proportion] 
of 32 to 30 to the statute acre. 1887 Daruincron South 


1820 


DEME. 


Chesh. Gloss. 8. v., We speak ofa ‘ five-demath’ or a ‘ seven- 
demath field’, 

Demaund(e, obs. form of DEMAND. 

Demay, obs. var. of Dismay v. 

+Demay'n, short for PaIn-DEMAINE (fants do- 
minicus), bread of the finest quality : see YEMETNE. 
_Demayn(e, obs. f. DEMEAN v.!, DEMESNE. 

Demd, -on, obs. f. deemed, from DEEM v. 

+ Deme, 52. O¢s. Forms: 1 doama, 1-2 
déma, 2-3 deme. [OEF. ad'ma, déma = OLIG. 
tudmo, Gothic type démja:—OTeut. dimyon-, f. 
dém- judgement, doom.] A judge, arbiter, ruler, 

c82s Vesp. Psalter xiix. [1.]6 Fordon god doema is. ¢1175 
Lamb, Hom. 95 pe helend is alles moncunnesdema. ¢ 1205 
Lay. 9634 Perof he wes deme & duc feole 3ere. a1250 Ove 
§ Night. 1783 Wa schal unker speche rede And telle tovore 
unker deme? is ye 

Deme (dim), 5d.2. [ad. Gr. 59 pos district, town- 

» ship.] 

1, A township or division of ancient Attica. 
modern Greece: A commune. 

(1628 Hospses 7hucyd. (1822) 86 Acharnas, which is the 
greatest town in all Attica of those that are called Demo?.] 
1833 Tietwatt in PAzlod. Alus. 11. 290 ‘The procession .. 
is supposed to take place in the deme of Dicaopolis. 1838 
— Greece 11.73 The ten tribes were subdivided into districts 
of various extent, called demes, each containing a town or 
village, as its chief place, 1874 Manarry Soc. Life Greece 
xii. 383 He was made a citizen and enrolled in the respect- 
able Acharnian deme. 1881 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 542 (Greece 
§ her Clainis) Elementary schools in most of the demes. 

2. Biol. Any undifferentiated aggregate of cells, 
plastids, or monads, (Applied by Perrier to the 
tertiary or higher individual resulting from the 
aggregate integration of merides or permanent 
colonies of cells.) 

1883 P. Geppes in Excycl. Brit. XVI. 843/1 The term 
colony, corm, or deme may indifferently be applied to these 
aggregates of primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary 
order which are not, however, integrated into a whole, and 
do not reach the full individuality of the next higher order. 
Ibid, 843/2 Starting from the unit cf the first order, the 
plastid or mona, and terming any undifferentiated aggre- 
gate a deme, we have a monad-deme integrating into a 
secondary unit or dyad, this rising through dyad-demes into 
a triad, these forming triad-demes, etc. 

Deme, obs. form of DEEM v., DIME. 

+ Demean, si. Ods. Also 5 demene, 6 de- 
mayne. [f. DeMEAN v.!] 

1. Bearing, behaviour, demeanour. 

¢ 1450 Crt. of Love 734 But somewhat strange and sad of 
her demene She is. 1534 More Ox the Passion Wks. 1292/2 
For which demeane, besyde y’ sentence of deth condicion- 
ally pronounced .. god .. declared after certeyne other pun- 
ishmentes. 1590 SPENSER /. Q. 11. ix. 40 Another Damsell 
-- That was right fayre and modest of demayne. 1607 
Beaum. & Fi. Woman Hater ut. iv, You sewers, carvers, 
ushers of the court, Sirnamed gentle for your fair demean. 
1692 J. SALTER Triumphs Fesus 2 She was a Virgin of severe 
demean, on Est Ox Travelling (R.), ‘These she. . 
would shew, With grave demean and solemn vanity. 

2. Treatment (of others), 

1596 Spenser /. Q. vi. vi, 18 All the vile demeane and 
usage bad, With which he had those two so ill bestad. 

Demean (dimin),v.1 Forms: 4-5 demeyn(e, 

_ demein(e, 4-6 demene, (5 demeene, dymene’, 
4-6 (chiefly Sc.) demane, 4-7 (chiefly Sc.) de- 
mayn(e, demain(e, 5 demesne, 5~7 demeane, 
6 demean. [a. OF. demene-r (in Ch, de Roland 
11th c.), also deminer, -mianer, -moner (pres, t. 7/ 
demeine, demaine) to lead, exercise, practise, em- 
ploy, treat, direct, etc., se demener to carry or con- 
duct oneself, = Pr. demenar, It. dimenare, a Romanic 
deriv. of DE- pref. + menare, F. mener to lead, con- 
duct, ete. :—L, mzndre, orig. (= mindr7) to threaten, 
in post-cl. L. ‘to drive or conduct’ cattle, and,.by 
transference, ships, men, etc. The demaine, demane 
forms, found chiefly in Sc., are perhaps derived from 
the OF. tonic form demeine, demaine. Demesne is 
taken over from the sb. so spelt.] 

+1. trans. To conduct, carry on (a business, 
action, etc.) ; to manage, deal with, employ. Ods. 

¢1315 SHoreEHAM 167 Tha3 hy[t] be thor; senne demeyned. 
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2196 Scheo .- well 
coupe demeyne richeyse. c¢ 1440 LypG. Secrees 4 Alle his 
Empryses demenyd wern and lad By thavys. . Of Arystotiles 
witt and providence. ¢1449 Pecock Ref”. ul. vi. 312 Cristis 
.. abstenyng fro temporal ynmovable possessiouns lettith 
not preestis for to hem take .. and weel demene into gode 
vsis. 1490 Caxton Exeydos iv. 19 For to demeane this to 
effecte. 1523 Lp. Berners /roiss. I. clxxxv. 219 So often 
they went bytwene the parties, and so sagely demeaned 
their busynesse, 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. u. Wks. 
1207/2 Euen for hys riches alone, though he demened it 
neuer so wel. 1613 Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 21 ‘These vses 
being turned into estates shall be demeaned in all respects 
as estates in possession. 1644 Mitton Aveof. (Arb.) 68 
As our obdurat Clergy have with violence demean’d the 
matter, 

+b. To lead (one’s life, days). 

1413 Lypa. Pilgr. Sozw/le wv. ii. (1483) 59 How they demenen 

the dayes of theyr lyues, Rae 7 é 
+c. To express, exhibit (sorrow, joy, mirth, 
etc.). Obs. ( = ME. ead in same sense.) 

[Cf. Cotgr. demener le dueil de, to lament, or mourne for ; 
demener ioye, to rejoyce, make merrie, be glad.) 

¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 5238 For hert fulfilled of gentilnesse, Can 


In 


175 


ba demene his distresse. c1477 Caxton Yasou 69 The 
gan to crye and demene the gretteste sorowe of the world. 
c1489 — Blanchardyn iv. 21 Suffryng theym to demayne 
theire rewthis and complayntes. 1564 Hawarp £utropius 
ut. 31 There was great myrth demeaned at Rome after theese 
newes. 1565 GotpING Ov/a's Met. vin. (1593) 195 ‘Then all 
the hunters shouting out demeaned joie ynough. 1607 Hry- 
woop Woman Killed v. iv, With what strange vertue he 
demeanes his greefe. 

+d. To produce, or keep up (a sound). Ods, 
[So in OF .] 

1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 407/2 The leuys of the trees de- 
a a swete sounde whiche came by a wynde agre- 
able. 

+2. To handle, manipulate, manage (instruments, 
tools, weapons, etc.). Obs. 

c1300 K. Adis. 663 ‘The fyve him taught to skyrme and 
ride, And to demayne an horsis bride [=bridle]. c 1325 
Coer de L. 456 What knyght .. coude best his crafte For to 
demene well his shafte.  ¢ 1384 Cuaucer /1. Famte 959 Lo, 
is it not a grete myschaunce 1l’o lat a fool han gouernaunce 
Of thing that he can not demeyne? 

+3. To manage (a person, country, etc.); to 
direct, rule, govern, control, Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xx. 356 The kyng .. Wes enterit in 
the land of span3e, All hajll the cuntre till [de]man3e. ?a 1400 
Morte Arth, 1988 Vhe kynge .. Demenys the medylwarde 
menskfully hyme selfene. ¢ 1440 Genxerydes 4622, 1am your 
child, demeane mi ye list. 
ii, {He gave] Ieru m to Henry.. 
to haue and to demain. 1513 Moke in Grafton (Avon. 11, 
766 ‘To the ende that themselves would alone demeane and 
governe the king at their pleasure. 

+4. To deal with or treat (any one) in a specified 
way. b. es. (chiefly in Sc. writers) To treat badly, 
illtreat, maltreat. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 196 And thought he wolde upon the 
night Demene her at his owne wille. c1485 Digdy A/yst. 
(1882) ut. 1582 Lord, demene me with mesuer ! 1509-10 Act 
t /fen, VIII, c. 20 § 1 Merchauntz denysyns .. [shall] be 
well and honestely intreated and demeaned. 1595 SrENSER 
Col, Clout 681 Cause have I none .. To quite them ill, that 
me demeand so well. 1682 Lond. Gaz, No, 1682/1 ‘The 
Lords Commissioners of Justiciary.. Decerne and Adjudge 
the said Archibald Earl of Ate to be Execute to the 
Death, Demained as a Traitor, and to underly the pains of 
‘Treason, 1685 Argydl's Declar. in Crookshank Hist. Ch. 
Scotd. (1751) 11. 316 (Jam.) Demeaning and executing them.. 
as the most desperate traitors. 

b. 1375 Barsour Bruce x1. 609 Full dyspitfully Thair fais 
demanit thaim rycht stratly. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 238/2 
In the fornais of fyre of fayth he was destrayned, smeton, 
demened and beten [L, feriedatur and perducchatur], 1513 
Doucias Afnets 1x, viii. 52 Sall I the se demanyt on sik wys? 
1596 Spenser /*, Q. vt. vii. 39 That mighty man did her de- 
meane With all the evill termes, and cruell meane, That he 
could make. @1651 Catperwoop //ist. Aire (1842-6) IIL. 
69 Putt a barrell of powder under me, rather than I would 
be demained after this manner. 

+5. To deal, distribute, hand over. Ods. 

1439 /. E. Wills (1882) 114 The thirde parte to be de- 
menyd and yoven..to pore peple. @1656 UssHer laa. 
(1658) 461 In lieu of Cyprus, to demeane unto him certain 
Cities with a yearly allowance of corn. 

6. refl. [from 1] To behave, conduct or comport 
oneself (in a specified way). The only existing 
sense: cf. DEMEANOUR, 

¢ 1320 Sir Benes 3651 So Beues demeinede him bat dai. 
¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Egipciane 557 Bot I lefit nocht pane 
myne syned, Bot me demaynyt as I dyd are. 1413 Lypc. 
Pilgr. Sowle 1. xv. (1859) 12, I haue none experyence of 
wysedom, how myselue to demene.  c 1450 Crt. of Love 731 
Demene you lich a maid With shamefast drede. 1530 
Parser. 511/1, I demeane, or behave my selfe .. Ye me forte 
«je me demayne. 1568 Grarron Chron, II. 349 Your sub- 
jectes have lovyngly demeaned themselves unto you. 1590 
Suaks, Com. Err. iv. iii. 83 Now out of doubt Antipholus 
is mad, Else would he neuer so demeane himselfe. 1624 
Caer. Smitu Virginia ut. i. 43 So well he demeaned him- 
selfe in this businesse, 1682 Norris //zerocles 31 We should 
..demean ourselves soberly and justly towards all. x7xx 
Suartess, Charac. (1737) I. 1. iii. 191 To demean himself 
like a Gentleman. 1821 Soutney in Q. Rev. XXV. 305 
No man who engaged in the rebellion demeaned himself 
throughout its course so honourably and so humanely. 1858 
Hawtnorne Fr, & /t. ¥rnuls. 1. 109 The Prince Borghese 
certainly demeans himself like-a kind and liberal gentleman. 

b. fig. of things. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 150 b margin, How 
will demeaneth itselfe passivelyand actively. 1644 MiLton 
A reop.(Arb.) 35 To have a vigilant eye how Bookes demeane 
themselves as well as men, 1854 J. ScorrerNin O77's Circ. 
Sc. Chem, 287 In many of its relations it [pydrogen] demeans 
itself so much like a metal, that [etc.]. 

te. with an object equivalent to the refl. pronoun. Ods. 
¢ 1375 Sc. Leg, Saints Prol. 81 Hou scho demanyt hir flesche, 
Til [=while] saule & body to-gydir ves. cx1q400 Destr. 
Trey 3925 Troilus .. demenyt wall bis maners & be mesure 
wreght. 1633 Foro Broken H.1. ii, How doth the youth- 
ful general demean His actions in these fortunes? 1649 Jer. 
Taytor Gt. Exemp. Pref. § 12 That man demean and use 
his own body in that decorum which [etc.]. 
td. adsol. (Cf. Benave 3.) Obs. . 

1703 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Ment. 1X. 206 How to demean 
towards them, least there should be any alterations in their 
tempers. 1703 Rwles of Civility ix, How we are to demean 
at our Entrance into a Noblemans House. 

+7. pass. To be behaved, to behave or conduct 
oneself; = prec. sense. Ods, Cf. DEMEANED. 

1375 Barsour Bruce v. 229, I wald ga se .. how my men 
demanit are. ¢1450 Merlin 79 We pray yow to yeve us 
counseile .. how we myght beste be demened in this matere. 
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 60 It was affirmed (that 
being with loyalty demeaned) you should at length receive 
the reward of .. glory. 


\ 


DEMEANING. 


§ 8. app. To bear or have in mind; to re- 
member. Ods. (? Associated or confused with 


MEAN v.) 

¢1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 1163 [A mershall] When- 
soeuer youre sovereyn a feest make shall, demeene what 
estates shalle sitte in the hall. 1494 Fanyan Chrov, vit. 625 
But it is to demeane and presuppose that the entent of hym 
was nat good. ¢ 1530 ht. Ruoves LA Nureure 3.6 in 
Labees Bh, (1868) 81 ‘Vhen gine good eare to heare some 
grace, to washe your selfe deimeane. 

Demean (dim7n), v2 [f. Dr- I. 1+ MEAN a, 
prob. after debase: cf. also BEMFAN v3 

It has been suggested that this originated in a miscon- 
ception of Demran v.! in certain constructions, such as that 
of quot. 1596 in 4 b, and r5go in sense 6 of that vb, (Johnson 
actually puts the latter quot. under the sense ‘debase’.) It 
is rare before 1700, and the only 17th c. quots. (1601, 1659 
below) are somewhat doubtful, Quot. 1751 in sense 2 shows 
how in certain contexts ¢esean may be taken in either sense. 
See monograph on the word by Dr. Fitzedward Hall in (Vez 
York) Nation, May 7, 1891.] ; 

1. frans. ‘To lower in condition, status, reputation 
or character. 


y 
(1827) Lu. iii. 366 Without any way demeaning 
ing poverty. 1862 Hawrnokne Our Old //ome (a 
‘There is an elbow-chair by the fireside which it would not 
demean his dignity to fill. 

2. esp. ref. ‘Vo lower or humble oncself. 

1659 Lurton’s Diary (1828) IV. 373, I incline rather to 
have Masters of Chancery attend you, and go on errands 
on both sides. It will cut off all debates about ceremonies, 
of your members going up and demeaning themselves, or of 
their demeaning themselves here. 1720 Lett. fr. Alist’s 
Fru. (1722) 1. 306 That Men of Honour and Estate should 
demean themselves by base condescension, a@17§1 Dop- 
prince Fam, Lapos. § 169 (T.) It is a thousand times fitter 
that I should wash thine [feet}; nor can I bear to see thee 
demean thyself thus. 1754 Rich rpson Grandison LV. xviil. 
140 A woman is looked upen as demeaning herself, if she 
gains a maintenance by her needle. 1848 ‘THackrray Han. 
fair vi. (1856) 40 It was, of course, Mrs. Sedley’s opinion 
that her son would demean himself by a marriage with an 
artist’s daughter, 1876 Brack J/adcap V. xxix. 260 Could 
a girl so far demean herself as to ask for love? 

b. Const. fo or fo do (what is beneath one). 

1764 Foorr J/ayor of G. u. ii, Have I, sirrah, demean'd 
myself to wed such a thing, such a reptile as thee! 1767 
S. Paterson Another Trav. 1. 427 Vhis lesser philosophy 
engagingly demeans itself to all characters and situations, 
1859 Gro. Evior A. Bede 15 Vhis woman's kin wouldn't like 
her to demean herself to a common carpenter. 1861 Sat, 
Rev, 30 Nov. 551 Vhey would not demean themselves to 
submit to this sort of paltry tutelage. 

+Demea‘n, a. Ods. [app. an extended form of 
mean adj.; perh. from confusion of mesne, demesne.] 
Of middle position, middle-class, middling. 

1380 Sir /erumb, 382 Yam her bote a demeyne kni3t 
of be realme of fraunce [orig. dva/t Y am her a meyne 
kny3t]. 

Demean, Demeane, earlier forms of DEMESNE. 

+Demea‘nance. 0s. Also 5-6demenaunce, 
[f. Demean v. + -ANCE. Prob, formed in Anglo- 
Fr.] | Demeanour, behaviour. 

1486 Surtees Misc. (1890) 48 A graduate of the Universitie 
of Cambridge, with record under the seal of the same Uni- 
versitie testifying his demenaunce there. a@1529 SKELTON 
Balettes Wks. 1. 25 Demure demeanaunce, womanly of porte. 
1532 W. Watter Guiscard & S. (1597) Bij, Your vertuous 
ae and carefull demeanance. 1647 H. Morr Song of Soul 
1... Ixxxvii, Fair replying with demeanance mild. 

+Demea‘nant, a. Olds. In 5 demenaunt. 
[ad. OF. demenant, pres. pple. of demener: see 
DEMEAN v.l and-ant!. Cf. F. demener marchan- 
dise, to trade or traffique. Cotgr.] Dealing, 
trading. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 404 None other citezen withyn 
the seid cite demenaunt. /é/d. 393 No citezen resident 
withyn the cite and demenaunt. 

Demeaned (dimind), ff/. a. [f. DemEAN 2.1 
+ -ED.] Conducted, behaved, -mannered (in a 
specified way). Cf. DEMEAN v.! 7. 

14.. Lync. Temple of Glas 1051 For so demeyned she 
was in honeste, That vnavised nobing hir astert. ¢1450 
Alerlin 106 Whan thei sawgh hym thus demened. 1586 
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 142 Vilde, lewd, and ill 
demeaned. 1634 Massincer Very Woman 1. v, A very 
handsome fellow, And well demeaned ! 

Demeaning (dim/nin), vd/. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-1nG !,] 

+1. Managing, ordering, governing, directing, etc. 

1429 in Rymer Fadera (1710) X. 426 In a aE, of 
the which Tretie. 1432 Paston Lett. No. 18 I. 32 The 
reule, demesnyng, and governance .. of the Kinges persone. 
¢ 1440 Generydes 2052 ‘Thre thowsand knyghtes att his de- 
mening. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 177 Vhey se clerely, 
after the demenyng of goddes sufferaunce, al thynghes that 
were to come. . 

2. Conduct, behaviour, demeanour. Oés. exc. in 


demeaning of oneself, comporting oneself, 

14.. Lypc. Temple of Glas 750 Hir sad demening, of wil 
not variable. 1461 Paston Lett. No. 405 {1. 31 For cause 
of his lyght demeanyng towards them. 1580 Nortu P/u- 
tarch Yo Rdr., The particular affairs of men .. and their 
demeaning of themselves when [etc.]. c 1640 J. Smytu Lives 
Berkeleys (1883) “I. 66 Other misgovernances, and unruly 
demeanings. . 


DEMEANING. 


_Demea , PPl. a. [f. Dewean v2 +-1NG 2] 
That demeans ; lowering in character, repute, ete. 
_ 1880 Dervthy 70 That is ly odd, very di 

ing to Aime! 1889 moyen | | May 2/3 Where are the 
men to memory it would be demeaning to place 
their bones. . beside those of Nelson and Collingwood ? 

Demeanour ((/mfpo:). Forms: 5-7 de- 
meanure, 6 -er, (-ewr, 7 -eure), 6-9 -our, -or, 
(6 oure) ; also 6 demen-, demeinour, demain-, 
demaner, 6-7 demanour, (6 demesner, de- 
measnure, 7 demesnour). [A derivative of 
Demean v.', app. of English or Anglo-Fr. forma- 
tion: the corresponding OF. words are demene- 
ment, demené, demenée. Tt is not,certain from the 
evidence whether the suffix was originally -xre, 
OF. -etére :—L. -atiira, as in armour, or the Fr. -er 
of the infinitive, taken substantively, as in demurrer, 
disclaimer, dinner, supper, user, etc. In either case 
the ending is assimilated to the -owr of Anglo-Fr. 
words like honour, favour, etc., and -er (favoured 
in U.S) a further alteration of this after honor, 
Savor, Ct. Benavrour.] 

1. Conduct, way of acting, mode of proceeding 
(in an afiair); conduct of life, manner of living ; 
practice, behaviour. Formerly often with @ and f/. 

1494 Fasvan Chron. ut. xiviii. 32 The kynge disdeynynge 
this demeanure of Andragius. 153g Fisner Ji &s. (1876) 419 
His shameful demainer. 1543-4 dct 35 Hen. V// 1,0. 6 $1 
Mayntenaunce, imbracery, sinister labour and corrupt de- 
meanours, rgs0 Crowtey Way te Wealth 185 If you be 
found abhominable in thy behavioure towardes thy neigh- 
boure, what shalt thou be founde .. in thy demaners to God 
ward? 1634-5 Brereton 77a. (1844) 157 The lunior ludge 
told me Hy a very wise demeanour of the now mayor of 
Ross, 1662 BramMare Just | ined. iv. 53 Unlesse they would 
give caution by oath for their good demesnour. 1677 E. 
Saurn in rath Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 40 A com- 
mission is appointed to examine Lord Shaftsb{ury’s] de- 
meanours. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. 1. 34 Rewards 
or —- due to its [the soul's) demeanor oa 
earth. rf : 

+b. Wrong conduct, misdemeanour. Obs. rare. 

168: Trial S. Codledge 20 You cannot think we can give 
a priviledge toany Friend of yours to commit any Demeanor 
to offer Bribes to any person. 

2. Manner of comporting oneself outwardly or 
towards others; bearing, (outward) behaviour. 
(The usual current sense.) 

1509 Fisher Fux. Serm. C tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 202 
In favour, in wordes, in gesture, in euery demeanour of her- 
self so grete noblenes dyde appere. 1577-87 Hotinsurn 
CAron, ILL, 1188 2 Nine Frenchmen apparelled like women 

and counterfeiting some like demeanor to the apparel! 
wherein they were disguised. 26g0 G. Warts tr. Bacon's 
Adv. Learn. 384 Pliant demeanure pacifies great offences. 
rn Mirron ?. Z. vi. edie Goddess-like demeanour 
forth she went. ¢ 1820 S. Rocers /faly, Gt. St. Bernard 9 
Iwo dogs of grave demeanour welcomed me. 1876 J. H. 
Newnan fist, S&. 11. ii. 71 The Turks .. are .. remark- 
able for gravity and almost apathy of demeanour. 

+3. Treatment of any one. Oéds. 

54 Haut Cérva. ooo b, Thei were sore beaten, wounded, 
Good men lamented this ungodly 


and very evil intreated. 
demeanure. 

+4. Management, direction. Oés. 

16.. Mitton (Webster), God commits the managing so 
great a trust .. to the demeanour of every grown man. 

Demeasne, obs. form of DEMESNE. 

Demegoric (dimiggtik), a. [ad. Gr. dyun- 
yyopex-ds, f. Sypryyopos popular orator, f. tnpos 
common people + dycpevew to harangue.) Of or 
pertaining to public speaking. 

1892 J. B. Bury in Forte. Rev. 651 The controversy .. is, 
like most other controversies of the day. .carried on in such 
a demegoric atmosphere, that [etc.]. 

Demeigne, demeine, obs. ff. DEMEsNr. 

+ Demeine. (és. Also demayn, -demaine. 
[Short for Parn-pemaine, AF. pain demeine, L. 
— dominicus, i.e. ‘ Lord's *; see DEMESNE.] 

d of the finest quality. 

1288 1 ther Albus (Rolls) 1. 353 Panis dominicus qui dicitur 
demeine ponderabit wastellum quadrantis, ¢ 1420 Axturs 
of Arth. xxxvii, Thre ye of weap . For to cumford 

859 Rivey Li (Rolls) 


his brayne. ther Albus I. p. lxvii, The 
very finest white bread, it would seem, was that known as 
Demeine or lords’ bread. 


Demein(e, obs. form of Demgan 2.1 

Demelaunce, obs. form of DEMI-LANCE. 

i Démélé (cemé le). [Fr.; =quarrel, contest, 
debate ; cf. déméler to disembroil, disengage, f. des-, 
de- (Ds- I. 6) + mesier, méler to mix.] Discussion 
between parties having opposite interests ; debate, 
contention, quarrel. 


1661 Evevyx Land. Swed. Amd. Diary (1892) 11. 487 
Bong tlle el erp pn ml cut the 


peg ape J of 2ofthem, 1818 Scorr Ar. Lamm. xxii, At 
the risk of a démelé with a cook. 1834 Grevitie Alen, 
Gee TF tee IIL. xxiii, 69 (Stanf.) There is a fresh aéneédé 
wr 


USSIA. 
+ Demerlle, v. Oss. [A derivative of MELL v., 
or OF. mesiler, meller to mix; OF. desmeller, -meller 


Sylak hase, wtach bed a cure Genie teen. 
was to disperse, f. des-, dé = L, dis- + mesler, | 3664 H. More AI/yst. Tnig. $66 7 ee * de 
méler to mix.] trans, To mix, mingle. mentate you to your own ruine. Wowtaston Xelig. 

wgx6 Will of R. Peke of Wakefield 4 June, A veste | Nat. v. 107, 1 not here of men with wine. 
ment .. with myn armes and my wyffes demellede | 18a9 Soutuey Sir 7. More (1831) I, 86 Those whom the 
: Prince of this World. .dementates. 


176 


+Deme'mber, v. és. [ad. F. démembrer 
(OF. desm-), or med.L. démembrdare, var, of dis- 
membrare to DisMEMBER, f. L. de-, dis- (see De- I. 
6) + membrum limb. —_ of DismEMBER, 

ce. IV, A . 

hegluhs to ba clewe or desteit uihia ies Seaclonr fae 
Bavrour /"racticks (1754) 47 Be ressoun of the pane of dente 
or demembring. 


Hence Demembrer ; Deme-m) vb. sb, 
x Se. dets Jas. JV, $Q (1814) 11. 225/1 He sall pass 
persew the slaaris or Demem! is, 1566 ed. Sc. Acts, 
Fas. 11, c. 50. gt b heading, Anent ter or demem- 


Demembration (dimembré-fon).  [ad. med. 
L. démembration-em, n. of action ft. dimembrére to 
Dismember: see prec. Cf. OF, demanbration 
(Godef.).] The cutting off of a limb ; mutilation ; 
dismemberment. (Chiefly in Sc. Law.) 

1597 ed. Se. Acts, Jas. 1", § 28 heading, Anent man-slayers 
taken, or fugitive: and of Demembration. 1609 Skene 
Reg. Maj. Treat. 134 Mutilation and demembration is 
punished as slauchter, gt gh Ged 20 Gee. //, Any juris- 
diction inferring the loss of life or demembration is abro- 


gated. 1857 Jerrrevs Rexdurghshire 11. iv. The 


| slaughter and demembration of a number of Turnbulls. 1861 


W. Beit Dict, Lave Scotl., Demembration .. is applied to 
the offence of maliciously cutting off, or otherwise separating 


| any limb, or member, from the body of another. 


| deprive of mind, drive ma 


fig. 18a8-go Tytcer //ist. Scot. (1864) 1. 221 Demembra- 
tion of the kingdom could not for a moment be entertained. 


| Demembré, Her. [Fr.] = DisMEMBERED. 
1727-51 in CHamsers Cyc/. 
Demenaunt, obs. form of DrMEANANT. 


+Demency. és. Also -cie, -sy. [ad. L. 


ee ee a a er nn 


DEMERGE. : 
Hence Deme-ntated f//. a. = DEMENTATE a, 
nay { Dene nae a. 
F F 
Giteesion aya BL Devens, ctthens Bee Like Deen 
Physick 38 | ing Disaster of those 


inking the 
Ladies ‘d.. by their being drunk. 
De For Hist. Devil uxt (@ o,f Mag Fpl 
world, 1813 Q. Aer. IX. 419 ..seem to have been per- 
tion (dimentéfan). [ad. med.L. 
démentation-em (Du C. , n. of action from @& 
mentare to Dewant.] ‘The action of dementing ; 
the fact or condition of being demented ; madness, 
infatuation. 
1617 Donne Serm. exxxviii. Wks. 1839. V. 469 And then 
lastly. .they come to that infy ii that D jon, as 
that they lose [etc.]. 1680 Baxter Cath, Comenenn, (1 


Dementation gure bates Pentiien. iyo Famen 2 aa? 
1. 610 note, ‘strong — of the English version 
5 ft is... judicial i . : 


fectly 


is a happy fi 
mentation before doom. Guanstoxe in Contemp. Rev. 
Oct. 486 This policy pod ees one of dementation. 
+ Deme‘ntative, 2. Oés. [f. ppl. stem of 
| démentare + -1V¥.) Characterized by madness. 
1685 H. Mort aralif. Prophet. 398 ir dementative 


| lunatic tricks. 1828 Scorr F. Af. 


dementia madness, f. démens, -ment-em out of one’s | 


mind, f. De- I. 6 + mens mind. Cf. F. a@émence 
(sth c. in Hatzf.).] 

1. Madness ; infatuation. 

tsza Sketton Why not te Court 679 The kynge his 
clemency Despenseth with his demensy. 1559 W. Cunninc- 
uAM Cosmogr. Glasse 71 That were a poynt of demency or 
madnes. 3687 W. Sciater Fx. 2 Thess. (1629) 225 Saint 
Paul .. imputes to them no lesse than franticke demency. 

2. Med.= Dementia. [tr. F. démence (Pinel).] 

1858 Corcann Dict. Med. 11. 441 M. Pinel arranged mental 
diseases into 1*t Mania .. 2 Melancholia .. 34 Demency, or 
a particular debility of the operations of the understanding, 
and of the acts of the will. 

+ De-mend. 0s. [OE. amend, f. pr. pple. of 
déman to Derm.) A judge. 

Beownlf 364 Metod hie ne cupon, dada demend. ¢ 1200 
Trin, Coll. fom. 171 For pat hie shulen cnowen ure de- 
mendes wradde. 

Demene, obs. form of DEMEAN v., DEMESNE. 

Dement (d/ment), a. and 56. [a. F. dément 
adj. and sb., ad. L. d@mens, d@ment-em out of one’s 
mind, f. De- I, 6 + mens, mentem mind.] 

A. adj. Out of one’s mind, insane, demented. 
Obs. or arch. 

1560 RouLann Crt. }enns 11.290 With mind dement vneis 
scho micht sustene The words. 1856 J. H. Newman Cadlis/a 
(1890! a48 Speak, man, speak! Are you dumb as well as 
dement ? a ; 

B. sé, A person affected with dementia ; one out 
of his mind. 

3888 H. A. S(arrn) Dartwie 43 A dement was known to 
the writer who could repeat the whole of the New Testa- 
ment verbatim. pe cs Mercier Sanity 4 Ins. xv. 379 An old 
dement begins to whimper because his posset is not ready. 

Dement (diment), v7! [ad. L. aémentire to 
(cf. OF. démenter, 
Godef.), f. démens, démentem, DEMENT a.) trans. 
To put out of one’s mind, drive mad, craze. 

1545 = Exp. Dan. v.(R.), He was thus demented and 
bewite with these pestilent purswasions. Bae 
Aped. 80 Minysters of Sathan, whych thus seke to ente 
the symple hartes of the @ 1662 Banu Left. 11, 
255 (Jam.) If the finger of God in their spirits should so far 
dement them as to disagree. 1703 D. Witttamson Ser, 
bef. Gen. Assembly 50 The Heathens used to say, whom the 

is would destroy these they demented. 1890 W. C. 


usset. Ocean Trag. 1. viii, It would not require more than 
two or Tockdents of thin aort to waterty Gemant hen. 
Hence Demecnting /#/. a. 


1877 Miss Yonor Cameos Ser. 11. xxxi. 315 The dementing 


demon of the Stewarts. 

Dement, 2.2 rare—'. [a. F. démentir, in 
OF. desmentir, {. des-, dé- (De- 3. 6) + mentir:— 
L. mentiri to lie.) trans. To give the lie to ; to 
assert or prove to be false. Ep 

31884 H. Wasen Std, Bt, 539 WO firmness, she de- 


+Dementate, « Obs. [ad. L. d&mentit-us, 
pa. pple. of d@mentére to Dement.) Driven mad, 


1640 2 The plots of de- 
Intentions of Armie Scott. our 
mentat Pranic Bt J. Surru Lar. Relig. Appeal u. 1 
Raving and dementate 


Dementate (d/mente't), v. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. démentére to DeMeNT.] = DeEMENT 2.1 ? Obs. 


| démens, démentem > see 


Anger and Rage. 


Demented (d/merntéd), sp’. a. [f. Dement v. 
+ -ED!; corresp. to L. d@mentatus DEMENTATE.] 


Out of one’s mind, crazed, mad ; infatuated. 
1644 J. Maxwewt Sacr. & Maj. 105 Who can be so 

Paver ab ypoge nage san abana 2 i 

Dr For Mist, Devil u. x. (1840) 


mented? 1885 J. Pavn 7alké of Town Il. 248 He threw 
himself out of the room like one demented. 


b. Affected with dementia. 
1858 Cortann Dict, Med. M1. 462 Maniacs and mono- 
1 carried away .. by illusions and hallucinations 
A seh: * agi nor P any- 
J.R. Reynoups Syst, Med. 11. 33 There is a 
tients, in wl 


the mind is almost 
extingui 4 vain Dict. Med. s.v. Dementia, Fewer 
are left to reach the ented stage. 

Hence Deme‘ntedly acv., Deme-ntedness. 

x Melbourne Punch ¢ June 365/4 Those behind .. 
harted h Ives di Si inst those in front. 1876 
amounting to 


G, Merenrtn Beanchk, Career 228 A delusion 
dementedness. 


Dementholize, -ed: see Dr- II. 1. 

| Dementia (dimenfid). [L. n. of state from 
EMENT a. First used to 
render the term démence of Pinel. Formerly Eng- 
lished as DEMENCcY. : 

1. Med. A species of insanity characterized by 
failure or loss of the mental powers; usually con- 
sequent on other forms of insanity, mental shock, 
various diseases, etc. 

1806 D. Davis tr. Pinel’s Treat, 


English writers have translated this term 
into dementia. 1851 Hoorer ade Mecxm (1858) 131 The 
sine tinery. eine Bd eae pet lng yt Dis. iii. 
to . A nm . 
(tetigenceeneeied or ewan e is said tc be suffering 
from tia. 
2. gen. Infatuation under the influence of which 
t is as it were paralysed. 
++ Sue 


in ——— them—such the dementia of the night 


agent. 

+Dementie, 54. Obs. - obs. F. dementie 
(1387 in Godef.) = mod.F. f gi of the 
lic, £ démentir = Demext v.2] The giving any 
one the lie. (Now only as French, démenti (de- 
mf&at7).) Hence +Dementie v. frans., to give 
the lie to, belie; = Dement v.2 

SavioLo Practice u. Vja, To come to the ende of 
= en ft See eeee Se Sy Jbid. V ij a, 
come direct! 
a 


sux of havi démenti. Times Dec. \, That 
ing a di ~ 3 1883 7 ine (Stanf. 
official dénments. 


Dementify, v. rare. [f. L. dément-em DEMENT 
a, + -FY.] =Dement 2.1 

1856 OtusteD Slave States 420 Dementifying bigotry or 
self-important 


- 


DEMERIT. 


mergier (14-15th c.).] 
merse. , 

¢ 1610 Donne Whs. 1859 VI. 347 Our Soules demerged into 
those bodies are allowed to partake Earthly pleasures. an 4 
Boyie Contn, New, Exp, u. (1682) 23 Air breaking fort 
through the Water, in which it was demerged. 

Demerit (dime'rit , st. [a. F. démérite, or ad. 
L. démeritum, f. ppl. stem of L. démeréri to merit, 
deserve, f, De- I. 3 + meréri to deserve, meritum 
desert, merit, In Romanic the prefix appears to 
have been taken in a privative sense (De- I. 6), 
hence med.L. démeritum fault, It. demerito, ¥. 
démérite (14th c. in Littré) ‘desert, merite, deseru- 
ing ; also (the contraric) a disseruice, demerite, 
misdeed .. (in which sence it is most commonly 
used at this day) ’, Cotgr.] 

+1. Merit, desert, deserving (in a good or in- 
different sense). Freq. in p/. Obs. 

1399 Rolls of Parit, 111. 424/1 Your owne Wordes .. that 
+ seats not worthy..ne able, for to governe gt ptt owne 

merites. 1447 Will of Hen, VI in Carter King’s Coll. 

Chapeli. 13 His most fereful and last dome when every man 
shal .. be examined and demed after his demeritees. 1490 
Caxton Eneydos, xxiv. 91 A mercyfull god and pyteous 
wylle retrybue hym iustely alle after his demeryte. 1548 
Hatt Chron, 151 b, For his demerites, called the good duke 
of Gloucester, 1548 Upatt Erasm. Paraphr. Luke 3a, 
Your demerites are so ferre aboue all prayses of man. 160 
Howtanp Plutarch's Mor, 233 Worldly happines beyond al 
reason and demerit. 1607 Suaxs. Cor. 1. i.276 Opinion that 
so stickes on Marcius, shall Of his demerits rob Cominius. 
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena Ep. Ded. A iij b, 
Considering Pe known noble demerits, and princely cour- 
tesie. 1731 Gay in Swift's Lett. Wks. 1841 11. 665 Envy not 
the demerits of those who are most conspicuously distin- 


guished, 
+b. That by which one obtains merit ; a meri- 
torious or deserving act. Ods. 

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref., What thanks then. . 
for these his notable demerits ought our Protector to receive 
of his? 160x Hottann Pliny 1. 456 It is reputed a singular 
demerit and ious act, not to kill a citizen of Rome. 1655 
M. Carter Hon. Rediv. (1660) 8 The first atchiever in any 
Stock whatever, was a new man ennobled for some demerit. 

2. Desert ina bad sense: quality deserving blame 
or punishment; ill-desert; censurable conduct: 
opposed to merit, In later use, sometimes, defi- 
ciency or want of merit. 

1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys (1570) PP ij, To assemble these 
fooles in one bande, And their demerites worthily to note. 
1643 Sir T'. Browne Relig. Med. (1656) 1. § 53 The one 
being so far beyond our deserts, the other so infinitely below 
our demerits. 1675 Tranerne Chr. Ethics xiv. 193 The 
least sin is of infinite demerit; because it breaketh the 
union between God and the soul. 1 Dryven Fables, 
pebieg. an & Atal. 327 Mine is the merit, the demerit thine. 
1741 Ricnarpson Pamela (1824) 1. 155 God teach me hu- 
mility, and to know my own demerit ! 1851 Dixon W, Penn 
xxxii. (1872) 308 It is no demerit in Penn that he did not see 
at once the evil. 1865 Lecxy Ratio. (1878) I. 357 The 
rationalistic doctrine of personal merit and demerit. 

+b. A blameworthy act, sin, offence. (Almost 
always in f/.) Ods. 

1485 Act 1 Hen. VII, c. 4 Priests .. culpable, or by their 
Demerits openly reported of incontinent living in their 
Bodies. 1494 Fanyan vil. 507 Some there were that for 
theyr demerytys were adiugyd to perpetuall a 1549 
Compl. Scot, iti. 27 That samyn boreau is stikkit or hangit 
eftiruart for his cruel demeritis. wy Suaks. Mac, 1. iii. 
226 Not for their owne demerits, but for mine Fell slaughter 
on their soules. a 1637 B. Jonson Underwoods, Misc. Poems 
lvi, There is no father that for one demerit, Or two, or three, 
a son will disinherit. ‘ H 

ec. transf. Asa quality of things: Fault, defect. 

1832 Lewis Use & Ab. Pol. Terms vi. 62 The merits or 
demerits of hereditary royalty. 1 Sincteton Virgil 
I. Pref. 2 Which has, it may be, the demerit of being new. 

+3. That which is merited (esf. for ill doing) ; 
desert ; punishment deserved. Ods. é 

1621 Cape Serm. 12 But Ahab..had quickly his demerits, 
being destroyed, and al his seed. 1728 Wodrow Corr. (1843) 
ILI. 393 Many members of the Assembly thought deposition 
the demerit of what was already found. 

Demerit (dimerrit), v. Ods. or arch. [f. L. 
démerit-, ppl. stem of démeréri to deserve (see 

rec.); partly after F. démériter (16th c. in 

atzf.), to merit disapproval, fail to merit.] ~ 
+1. trans. To merit, deserve, be worthy of (good 
or evil ; sometimes sec. the latter, and opposed to 
merit). Obs. . 
1538 J. Husee Let. Visct, Lisle 12 Jan. in Lisle P. 
V. 19 The caitiff .. shall suffer such pains as he hath de- 
merited, 1548 Uva Erasm. Par, Pref 5 If I have de- 
merited any love or thanke. 1612 T. Tavtor Comm. Titus 
iii. 7 Any matter or meanes demeriting the fauour of God. 
1619 H. Hutton Follies Anat. (1842) 26 These are the sub- 
jects which demerit blame. 1657 Tomtinson Renou’s Disp. 
570 Those that barns ng -Antidotaries..think they demerit 
much praise, 1711 Br. Witson in Keble Life ix. (1863) 283 
Such sentence. .as the nature of your crime demerit. 

+b. To obtain by merit, to earn (favour, love, 
etc.). Obs. 

1555 Even Decades 25 They browght with them .. to de- 
merite the fauour of owre men great plentie of vytayles, 16xz 
Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. § 110 His Princely desire to 
aduance their weale, and demerit their loue. 1613 T. Gopwin 
Rom, Antiq. (1674) 96 Noblemen .. sometimes, to demerit 
the Emperour his love oe their lives in this fight. 

+e. To earn favour of (a person). Ods. 

we, magi Fonas (1618) 389 A Priest of Baal will cut 

OL. . 


trans. To plunge, im- 


ir 


and launce his owne flesh to demerite his idoll. 1612 T. 

‘Tavior Comm. Titus iii. 5 The likeliest things to demerit 

God: as workes of righteousnesse. ax Haves Gold. 

Rem. (1688) 37 Vo demerit by all courtesie the men of meaner 
ank. 

+2, To deprive of merit, to take away the merit 
of, disparage. Obs, 

1576 Wootton Chr. Manual C iv. (L.), Faith by her own 
dignity and worthiness doth not demerit justice and righteous- 
ness, a 1643 W. Cantwricut Siege 1. i, My lofty widdow, 
Who, if that Thad dignity, hath promis’d ‘I’ accept my per- 
son, will be hence demerited. 

3. To failto merit ; to deserve to lose or be with- 
out. Obs. or arch. 

1654 Coxaine Dianea 11. 217 Wherein hath the unfor- 
tunate Doricia demerited thy affections? 1754 Rictaxpson 
Grandison (1781) V. xxxii, 208 A blessing that once was de- 
signed for him, and which he is not accused of demeriting 
by misbehaviour, 1865 ‘T'rexcu Synon. NV. 7. § 47 (1876) 163 
It is unearned and unmerited, or indeed demerited, as the 
faithful man will most freely acknowledge. 

+4, intr. To incur demerit or guilt; to merit 
disapproval or blame, deserve ill. Ods. 

1604 Parsons 37d Pt. Three Convers. Eng. 122 The soules 
in Purgatory may meritt and demeritt ; nor are sure yet of 
their saluation, 1605 Ii. Jonson Volpone wv. ii, I will be 
tender to his reputation, How euer he demerit. a1677 
Barnow Serm, (1687) I. 478 For us, who deserved nothing 
from him, who had demerited so much against him. a1734 
Noxru Lives (1826) 1. 96 For he was... the kings servant 
already, and had not demerited, 

+ b. ¢vans. To earn or incur in the way of demerit. 

1635 Suecrorp Learned Disc. 140 (T.) Adam demerited 
but one sin to his posterity, viz. original, which cannot be 
augmented, 

Demeritorious (dime:ritderias), a. [f. Dz- 
MERIT after meritorious: cf. ¥.déméritoire (15th c. 
in Hatzf.).] 

1. Bringing demerit, ill-deserving, blameworthy ; 
opp. to merttortous. 

1605 T. Bett Motives conc. Romish Faith 92 Good works 
are meritorious to such as be viatores and liue in this world ; 
and likewise euill workes demeritorious. a1670 HackeT 
Cent, Serm. (1675) 229 The ill use of it..in those that perish 
is demeritorious. 1871 ALanaster Wheel of Law 46 The 
demeritorious kind is illustrated by a wilful breach of the 
law. 1882 L.Srernen Science Ethics 279, | deserve blame, 
and my conduct is de-meritorious, oc 

+2. Failing to deserve, undeserving. Obs. rare. 

a 1640 Jackson Creed x. xli, Some kind of endeavours are 
. as effectual, as others are idle and impertinent or demeri- 
torious of God’s grace to convert us. 

Hence Demerito'riously adv., according to ill- 
desert. 

1703 Burkitt On N. 7. Rom. viii. 6 The end and con- 
dition of all carnally-minded persons. .is death ; always de- 
meritoriously, that which deserves death. 

+ Demerlayk. 0s. Forms: 3 dweomerlak, 
-lac, 4 demorlayk, 4-5 demerlayk(e. [f. ME. 
dweomer:—OE, dwimer in zedwimor, -er, illusion, 
phantasm, gedwimere juggler, sorcerer + ME. /ayh, 
Lat play, a. ON. ikr (=OE. ldo). Cf. Dweo- 
MERCREFT.] Magic, practice of occult art, jugglery. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 270 pa sende Asscanius .. After heom 3end bat 
lond, Pe cupen dweomerlakes song. Jd. 11326 Tuhten to 
dade mid drenche r mid dweomerlace oder mid steles 
bite. c1325 EZ. £. Allit. P. B. 1578 Deuinores of demor- 
rie pat dremes cowbe rede. a1400-50 Alexander 414 
All pis demerlayke he did bot be pe deuyllis craftis. 

+ Demerse (dims1s), v. Obs. [f. L. démers-, 
ppl. stem of démergére: see DEMERGE.] ¢rans. 
To plunge down, immerse, submerge. 

1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme’s Rem. Whs., 1st Apol. to B. 
Tylchen 73 When it demersed it self into the Center, to hide 
it self from the Light of God. 1669 Bovie Contnu. New. Exp. 
11, (1682) 22 The Reciever was demersed under the water all 
this night. 1691 E. Taytor tr. Behme's Theos. Philos. 369 
And demerse itself solely into the single Love of God. 

+ Deme‘rse, 2. Bot. Obs. [ad. L. démersus, 
pa. pple. of démergére.] =next. 

I Martyn Lang. Bot., Demersum folium, a demerse 
leak “treteant in aquatic plants. 

Demersed (d/miv1st), Af/. a. [f. prec. vb. + 
-ED.] Plunged down, immersed. In Zot. (repr. L. 
démersus): Growing beneath the water,submerged. 

1866 Treas. Bot., Demersed, buried beneath water. 

Demersion (dims:1fan). Obs. or rare. [ad. L. 
démersion-em, n. of action from démergétre: see 
Demerce. (Occurs also in 15-16th c. French.)] 
Plunging in, immersion ; submergence, drowning. 

1692 Ray Dissol. World u1.v. (1732) 360 This Sinking and 
Demersion of buildings. 1727 Baitey vol. II, Demersion, 
with Chymists) the pasting any Medicine into a dissolving 

iquor. 1807 Ropinson Archeol. Greca i. xx. cg oe eed 
t.ses, demersion, or drowning in the sea. 1820 W. Tayitor 
in Robberds Mem. II. 507 He was .. muddled with mathe- 
matics, to whom they were always a sentence of intellectual 
demersion. 

Deme‘smerize, v. [f. De-II.1.+ Mesmerizz.] 
To bring out of the mesmeric state. Hence De- 
me‘smerizing vé/. sb. and ffl. a.; also Demes- 
meriza‘tion. 

1855 SmepLey Occult Sciences 232 note, The eyelids .. re- 


quired to be set at liberty by the demesmerizing process. 

1866 Guide Elgin Cathet i 158 The d isi: 
nce of the sheriff released the Party from their 
1870 Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 508/1 He will find it very 


to demesmerise his subjects, 


DEMESNE. 


Demesne (diméZin,d/mrn). Forms: 4-7 de- 
meyn, -e, 4-8 demayn, -e, 5 demene, -eigne, 
5-6 demeine, 6- demain(e, 6-8 demean/e, 7-8 
demeasne, demesn, 7- demesne. [a. Anglo-F. 
demeyne, -eine, -cigne, -ene, later demesne = OF. 
demetine, -aine, -oineé, originally a subst. use of the 
adj. demenié, demeigne, demeine, -aine, -oine, etc., 
belonging to a lord, seigneurial, domanial, of 
the nature of private property, own, proper :— 
L. dominic-us, -um of or belonging to a lord or 
master, f. dominus lord ; sce in Du Cange domint- 
cus ‘ proprius’, dominicum * proprietas, domanium, 
quod ad dominum spectat’. Lemesne is thus a 
differentiated spelling of the word Domain, q.v. 
Though the correct Latin equivalent was domint- 
cum, in med.L, it was often represented by domi- 
nium, or by domanium, a latinized form of the ver- 
nacular word, 

The Anglo-French spelling demesne of the law-books, and 
17th c. legal antiquaries, was partly merely graphic (the 
quiescence of original s before a consonant leading to the 
insertion of a non-etymological s to indicate a long vowel), 
as in mesne =OF, meien, meen, mean, mod.F., Moyen; 
partly perhaps influenced by association with mesne itself, 
in ‘mesne lord’, or with mesuie :-mansionadta house, house- 
hold establishment. Demesne land was app. viewed by some 
as terra manstonatica, land attached to the mansion or sup- 
porting the owner and his household. Perhaps also Bracton’s 
words (see sense 3) gave the notion that the word had some 
connexion with menxsa. ‘Vhe prevailing pronunciation in the 
dictionaries and in the modern poets is dimin; but dimé'n 
is also in good legal and general use, and is historically 
preferable: cf. the variant form domain.) 

I. Possession. 

(In Germanic, including English, law, the primary idea in 
relation to property is fossession, not ownership (= Roman 
dominium), as we now understand it. Hence, d atives 
of L. domininm and proprietas became in me al law 
chiefly or even exclusively associated with p (Sir 
F. Pollock.)] 

1. Law. Possession ‘of real estate, as one’s own. 
Chiefly in the phrase ¢o hold in demesne (tenere in 
dominico), i.e. in one’s own hands as possessor by 
free tenure. (Forinerly sometimes in f/. by con- 
fusion with senses in IT.) 

Applied either to the absolute 
to the tenure of the person who 
mediately or immediately from the k Opposed to ‘to 
hold in service’ (tenere tu serviti if A held lands, i 
mediately or mediately of the king, part of which he ret 
in his own hands, and part of which were in turn held of 
by B, he was said to hold the former ‘in demesne’, 
latter ‘in service’. B, in his turn, might hold his por 
wholly ‘in demesne’, or partly also ‘in service’ by admittir 
a tenant under him. In every case, the ultimate (free) 
holder, ‘the person who stands at the bottom of the sc 
who seems most like an owner of the land, and who has 
a general right of doing what he pleases with it, is said to 
hold the land in demesne’. Prof. F. W. Maitland. 

[x2g2 Buitton m1. xv. § 1 Car en demeyne porrount estre 
tenuz terres et rentes, en fee, et a terme de vie. Mes demeyne 
proprement est tenement qe chescun tient severalment en 
fee..Et demeyne si est dit a la difference de ceo qe est tenu 
en seignurie ou en service, ou en commun ovekes autres, 
transl, For in demeyne may be held lands and rents, in fee 
and for term of life. But demeyne is properly a tenement 
which is held severally in fee. . The word demeyne is also used 
in distinction from that which is holden in seignory or service, 
or incommon with others.] ¢ 1330 R. Brunxe Chron, (1810)7 
Romeyns, That wan it [Britain] of Casbalan in to ber 
demeyns. ¢ 1449 Pecock Kepr. ul. iii. 2g0 Tho whiche thei 
helden in her owne demenys. 1523 Lp. Berners F7oiss. I. 
cexii. 257 All other thynges comprised in this present 
article of Merle and of Calais we..hold them in demayn. 
1570-6 Lamparpe Peramb. kent (1826) 466 The Manor of 
Hethe..which the King now hath indemeane. 1612 Davies 
Why Ireland, etc. (1787) 120 When the Duke of Normandy 
had conquered England..he..gave not away whole shires 


ion, 


ownership of the king, or 
Id land to his own use, 


and counties in demesne to any of his servitors. 1655 
Futrer Ch. Hist. 1. xiv. § 32 Had not some Laws of Pro- 


vision now been made, England had long since been turned 
art of St Peters Patgimony in demeans. 1672 LeycesteR 
in Ormerod Cheshire (1880) I. 11 The names of such towns.. 
as Earl Hugh held in demaine at that time. 1876 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. V. xxii. 8 A terrier of a gigantic manor, setting 
out the lands held in demesne by the lord. 
b. Ln his demesne as of fee (in dominico suo ut 
de feodo): in possession as an estate of inheritance. 

Not applied to things incapable of physical possession, 
such as an advowson, for which the phrase is ut bee ty 
or ut de feodo et jure. (Elphinstone, etc. /nterpr. of Deeds, 
1885, 571-2.) ¢ phrase is quite erroneously explained by 
Cowell, /nterp. s.v. Demaine. é : 

[1292 Britton 1. xxi. § 4 Terres..ge il ne avoint en lour 
demeyne cum de fee. fvans/. Which they held in their 
demesne as of fee.] 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 12 § 5 As 

ode .. as if the King were seised of the premises in his 

lemesne as of fee. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V///, c. 13 Preamb., 
[They] enteryd into the sayd Maners..& thereof wer 
seased in ther demean as of Fee in Cooparcenery. | 1574 
tr. Littleton’s Tenures 4b, Suche one was seised in his 
demeane as of fee. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 17 a, In his 
demesne as of fee, in dominico suo ut in pi} 1642 
Perkins Prof. Bh. ix. § 612. 265 Hee.. died seised of the 
Land in his demeasne as of fee. 

ce. Jn ancient demesne: see 4. 

+2. trans. and fig. Possession ; dominion, power. 
c1300 K, Alis. 7561 That soffred theo duyk Hirkan To have 
yn demayn othir woman. ¢1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 675 
Alisandre. . That all the world weelded in his demeyne [v.7 


demeigne, dem bc Rom. Rose 3310 To bidde me 
my thought Which Love hath ongkt his 


DEMESNE. 


demeyne. 14.. Zpiph. in Tundale's Vis. 113 Sche that hath 
heven in 34 Cewng 1508 Will of Payne (Somerset Ho.) 

Goods that me th suffred me to haue in my demayn 
im this axs4t Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1851) 56 Since 
the hen lee My in thy demain, For service true. 
1747 Carte Hist. Eng. 1. 32 Such was the place the Druids 
‘ for their habitation, and they seem to have enjoyed it 


in . 
II. A possession ; an estate possessed. 

3. An estate held in demesne: Jand 
or occupied by the owner himself, and not held of 
him by any subordinate tenant. a. In the wider 
sense, applied to all land not held of the owner by 
freehold tenants, i.e. including lands held of him 
by villein or copyhold tenure. b. In a more re- 
stricted sense, excluding the land held by the vil- 
leins or copyholders, and applied only to that 
actually occupied or held ‘in hand’ by the owner. 
(Cf. Vinogradoff, Villainage in Engl. 223-4.) 
Hence, ¢. in modern use, The land immediately 
attached to a mansion, and held along with it for 
use or pleasure; the park, chase, home-farm, etc. 

[c 1250 Bracton wv. iii. ix. § 5 Est autem Dominicum, quod 
quis habet ad mensam suam & proprie, sicut sunt Bordlands 
Anglice. Item dicitur Dominicum Villenagium, quod traditur 
villanis, quod quis tempestivé & intempestivé sumere possit 
pro voluntate sua & revocare. 1292 Barron 1, xix. §1 Queus 
demeynes nous tenoms en nostre meyn en cel counté. f¢rans/. 
What demeynes in the same county we hold in our hands. ] 
31398 Tkevisa Barth. De P. R. xiv. 1, (Tollem. MS.), ‘ Prae- 
dium’ is a felde oper demayn, pat an husbonde ordeynep for 


him selfe, and chesep tofore all oper. 1523 FitzHers. Surv. 2 | 
It is to be inquered how many feldes are of the demeyns and | 


howe many acres are in euery felde. 1541 Act 33 Hen. V///, 
c. 32 The tenauntes..vpon the demeanes of the saide late 
monasteri. 1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 21 § 1 Noblemen..have im- 

rked, invironed and inclosed many Parcels of their said 

means. 1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 145 Land in the 
Lords hands (whereof seuerall men hold by suite of Court) 
is termed a Mannor: the land considered apart from the 
seruice, is termed demesnes. 1641 7ermres de la Ley 107 b, 
Demaines, or Demesnes, generally speaking according to 
the Law, be all the parts of any Manor which be not in 


the hands of freeholders of estate of inheritance, though they | 


be occupied by Copiholders, Lessees for yeeres or for life, 
as well as tenant at will .. Yet in common h that is 
ordinarily called Demesnes, which is neither free nor copy. 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1. 47 Two material causes of a 
— are demesnes and services. 

, Cc. 
Eldest House is of the Coniers, with the Demains about 
of it, a Mile Cumpace of exceding plesaunt Ground. 1623 
Cockeram, Demaynes, the Lords Manor house. 1670 
Cotton Espfernon 1. ut. 128 This Castle with the demean 
and territory belonging to it, 1732 Swirt Proposal for Act 
of Parl. Wks. 1841 11. 123 Applying 100 acres of. .land that 
lies nearest his palace as a demesne for the convenience of 
his family. 1844 Disrartt Coningsby mi. iv, A grassy de- 
mesne, which was called the Lower Park. 1866 Gro. Exiot 
F, Holt viii, Except on the demesne par ager sn; fate the 
house, the timber had been mismanaged. 1875 Maine ///st. 
Just. vii. 194 Reserving to himself only the mansion and the 
demesne in its vicinity. 

d. Demesne of the Crown, Royal demesne: the 
private property of the Crown, Crown-lands, De- 


1538 Letanp /tin. 1. 71 Sokbourne where as the | 


mesne of the State, State demesne: \and held by | 


the state or nation, and of which the revenues are 
appropriated to national purposes. 

1292 [see 4]. c1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. x, 
The Kyng off Ffraunce myght not sumtyme dyspende off 
his demaynes, as in lordeshippes, and o trimonie 
peculier, so mich as myght tho the K England. 
1577 Sir T. Smitn Commw, Eng. (1609 6 The revenues 
of the crowne, as well that which came of patrimonie, 
which we call the demeasnes. 1580 Norta Plutarch 
(1676) 684 Part also they [tle Romans] reserved to their 
State as a demean. a Fuirer Pisgah 1. 57 Converting 
them into demeans his Crown. — yoney Disc. 
Govt. iti. § 29 (1704) 360 According to the known maxim 
of the State, that the demeasnes of the Crown .. cannot 
be alienated. x Ropertson Hist, Scotl. 1. mt. 226 
‘These were part of the royal desmesnes. 1832 W. IrvinG 
Athambra 1. 40 The Alhambra continued a royal demesne, 
and was occasionally inhabited by the Castilian monarchs. 
1838 Arnotp //ist. Rome (1846) I. xiv. 271 The mass of 
the conquered age was left as the demesne of the State. 
1874 Green Short Hist. ii. § 6. 89 The bulk of the cities 
were situated in the royal demesne. 

4. Ancient demesne: a demesne from 
ancient times; sfec. the ancient demesne of the 
crown, i.e. that property which belonged to the 
king at the Norman Conquest, as recorded in 
Domesday-book, called in 1 Edw. VI. c. 4 ‘his 
ancient possessions’, The tenants of such lands 
had various privileges, hence the phrase came to 
be applied elliptically to their tenure, as in senants 
in or by ancient demesne, to plead ancient demesne. 

(1a92 Brrrron im. ii. § 12 Auncienes demeynes sount terres 
de nos veuz maners annex a nostre Coroune, en les queles 
demeynes demurent gentz fi h par chartre 
feffez, et ceux sount nos frauncs tenauntz. /rans/. Ancient 
demeynes are lands which were part of the ancient manors 
annexed to our Crown, in which demeynes dwell some who 
have been freely enfeoffed by charter,—and these are free 
tenants.) 3rg2aa Act 13 //en. VIII, Stat. hve t 23 
Any person. .seised ob ienta. .in fee simple, fee , or for 
terme of life, copyholde, and auncient demeane. 1577 Hanmer 
Anc, Eccl. Hist, (1619) 177 The sundry and ancient demaines 


of husbandmen were quite done away. 1651 G. W. tr. 
Cowell's Inst. 94 The service of ancient Demesn is that 
which the of the ancient Di of the 


performed. Now ancient Demesne is all that which was 


178 


1817 W. Secwyn Law Nisi Prius\ed. 4) U1. 693 A tion 
was made for leave to plead ancient demesne. Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) V. 116 ts in jent di could not 
sue or be sued for their lands in the King’s courts. 

Jig. T. Wiuson Xhet, 18b, Custome encreaseth 
natures will, and maketh by auncient demeane th to 
bee justly observed whiche nature hath appoyncted. 

5. By extension: a. The land or territory subject 
to a king or prince; the territory or dominion of a 
sovereign or state; a DomAIN. 

1387 Trevisa Higden Ace I. 201 A lond in pe myddel 
bitwene pe demeynnes of Rome and Apulia. 1659 B. Harris 
Parival's Iron Age53 The Low-countries, which had formerly 
been of the Demaynes of France. 1670 Corron Esfernon 1. 
1. 3 Jane Albret Queen of Navarre, a great Fautress to 
those of the Reformed Religion. .desirous to draw all places 
within her demean into the same perswasion. 1871 Brown- 
inc Balaust. 1464 And I was son to thee, recipient due Of 
sceptre and demesne. 

b Landed property, an estate; usually fv. 
estates, lands. 

1584 Powe Lloya’s Cambria 123 Borough townes with 
the Demeanes of the same. 1592 Suaxs. Nom. & Ful. iu. 
vy. 182 A Gentleman of Noble Parentage, Of faire demeanes. 
1598 Barcktey Felic. Man (1631) 359 Whose house should 
contain no greater circuit than Cincinnatus’ demaines. 1 


* of the demi class there is a good 


G. Witxins Mis. Enforced Marriage in Hazl. Dodsley IX. | 


473 Our demesnes lay near together. 1735 Somervitte Chase 
1. 104 By smiling Fortune blest With large Demesnes, here- 
ditary Wealth. 1844 Disraett Coningsdy u. ii, The noble 
proprietor of this demesne had many of the virtues of his 
class. Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) 
11. 48 If he is rich, he buys a demesne, and builds a hall. 

6. fig. A district, region, territory ; Domain. 

1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. u. i. 20 By her Fine foote, 
Straight leg, and Quiuering thigh, And the Demeanes, that 
there Adiacent lie. 1659 HamMonp On Ps. Ixxxiii. 12 Annot. 
416 These pastures and fat demeans of God. a1821 Keats 
Sonn., Chapman's Homer, One wide expanse .. That deep- 
browed Homer ruled as his demesne [rime serene]. 1851 
Nicnot Archit, Heav. gg Alas! that the demesne of know- 
ledge is so uncleared. p 

+7. pl. Estate, means. [Probably associated with 
the latter word.] Odés. 

1627-77 Fecruam Resolves 1. liii. 84 In this fall of their 
melted demeans, they grow ashamed to be publicly seen 
come short of their wonted reuelling. 1629 Massincrr 
Picture 1. i, You know How narrow our demeans are. 1650 
W. Broucn Sacr. Princ. (1659) 323 Cafl he want demeanes 
that is such a Prince? 

III. attrib. or as adj. 

(The original OF. adjective use, =‘own’', does not a) r 
to have come into English; it was common in Anglo-Fr. 
(e.g. 1292 Britton 11. xx. § 3 Ne tint mie les tenementz en 
soen noun demeyne—/raxs/. Did not hold the holdings in 
his own name), and it persisted down to modern times, also, 
in a few technical phrases, e.g. son assault demesne, ‘[it 
was] his [the plaintiff's] own assault’, the common plea in 
justification on the ground of self-defence to an action for 

attery. 

1809 T'omiins Law Dict. 11. 3 H.b/1 s.v. Pleading, In an 
action of assault and battery [a man with leave of Court 
may plead] these three [pleas]: Not guilty, Son assault 
demesne, and the Statute of Limitations. ] B 

8. Of or pertaining to a demesne (3): demesnial. 

1533 St. Pagers Hen. VIII, 1V. 634 We brynt theis 
townes..with many oder by steadinges, and demayn places. 
1801 Strutt Sports § Past. 1.i. 14 Excepting only the king's 
own desmean park. 1839 T. Stapceton Plumpton Corr. 
(Camden) p. xviii, Allowed to assart the demesne woods. 1861 
Times 10 Oct., Extensive demesne farms are occupied... by 
the larger proprietors. 

b. esp. in demesne lands, lands of a demesne. 

14.. Tretyce in W. of Hentley's Husb. (890) 44 Corne is 
sowen upon your demayn londis. 1558-9 Act 1 Eliz. c.2 
§ 2 Any the Demean Landes commonly used or occup’ 
with any suche Mansion or Dwelling House. Futver 
Two Serm. 49 King William..caused a Survey- e to 
be made of all the Demesne Lands in En 
Priveaux Orig. Tithes iv. 193 The Grant 
not only for the King’s demain lands, bu! 
lands of the whole Kingdom. 
Rome II, x. 275 The State never lost its right of re-en' 
intothe possession of its demesne lands, if the tenants. . 
to occupy them. 1861 7¥mes 16 Oct., Most of the lai 

lands fi d by the ri 


not di » are 
under lease, 

Demesnial (d/mé"nial, -m7-nial), a. [f. De- 
MESNE, after manorial, etc. : see-1AL.] Of or per- 
ising to a demesne ; domanial. 

1857 Six F. Parcrave Norm. & Eng. U1. 442 Austrasia con- 
tained the chief demesnial towns and cities .. of the Carlo- 


“fDeme-ss, 
+ e'ss, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. démess-, ppl. 
stem of démetére to mow down, reap.) To cut 
down oo), to reap. Laake <7 
‘OMLINSON Renon’, > 
whatihe Seontieas che Golscieed. vie ai tag 
Demester, obs. f. DEEMSTER, DEMPSTER. 
‘Demetallize, demetricize : see Dx- II. 1. 
Demeuer, -meure, -mewre, etc., obs. ff, Dr- 
MURE, etc. 
Demeyn(e, obs. f. DEMEAN v.1, DEMESNE. 


prep 


Demi (de'mi), s2., a. ad Also 5-6 dimi. 
F. demi:—L. dimidium : see DmmpiaTe. 


Fr. word is a sb. and adj., and much used in 
combination. It began to be used in English in 


' DEMI-.— 
. 


the rsth c. attrib. in Heraldry, and in thé 16th c. 
in names of cannon, soon to other uses. 
At first it was often written separately; hence it 
was also treated as a simple adj., and occasionally 


asasb. (In certain uses the separate word survives 


as Demy, q.v.) But demi- is now almost always 


hyphened to the word which it qualifies, and it has 
become to a large extent a living element, capable 
of being prefixed to almost any sb. (often to 
adjs., and sometimes to verte). f° 
A. As separate word. (Formerly also demy.) 
I. adj. (or adv.) Half; half-sized, diminutive. 
Now rare. 


lii, Co 

(1611) 202 Upon these few words, 
build up his Dimi Communion, his Priuate Masse. 1587 
M. Grove Felts & Hipp. (1878) 43 Ere that demi the way 
The course ouerpast. /éid. 48 Ere that The day was 
demi jenl 1594 TB. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 377 
From spring demy and double tertians and quartanes. 
1603 Knoiies Hist. 7 wrks (1621) 688 The complaints of this 
barking demie man. 1722 De For Plague (1884) 218 This 
demy Quarantine, 1891 Daily News 29 = 2/7, For wools 


-- In single 
wefts there is an average turnover. 
+ II. as sd. A half. Chiefly e//ipt. Obs. See 
also Demy. 


+ Bill of Fare in Pennant London (1813) 562, 1 Grand 
'yramid of Demies i a 
B. Demi- in combination. 

Among the chief groups of compounds are the 
following : 

1. In Heraldry, etc., indicating the half-length 
figure of a man or animal, or the half of a charge 
or bearing: e.g. demi-angel, -figure, forester, 
-horse, -lion, -man, -monk, -moor, -ram, -virgin, 
-wyvern ; demi-belt, + -pheon, -ship, etc.; demi- 
vol, a single wing of a bird used as a bearing. 

Bk. St. Albans, Her. Bv a, Demy is calde in armys 
halfe a best inthe felde. 1882 Academy No. 513. 161 [Conse- 
cration] crosses . . consisting of *demi-angels holding shields. 
1864 Boutew, Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxviii. § 1 (ed. 3) 4: 
Two *demi-belts pale-wise. /déd. x. 55 In the Arms of the 
See of Oxford are three *demi-figures. 1856 Farmer's Mag. 

an. 68 A pair of.. flower vases, with *demi-horses as 

andles, standing on square plinths, 1610 Guitiim Herald: 
ut. xv, (1660) ag He beareth .. a “Demy Lyon 
Lond. Gaz. } ve. 


, cou below the shoulders. 1857 H. Ar 
worth 1. Clitheroe 1.277 A *demi-wyvern carved in stone, 

2. In Costume, indicating an article of half the 
full size or | ; hence a definitely shorter or 
curtailed form of the article, as +dem#-cap, t-collar, 
+-coronal, + -gown, -robe, t-shirt, -train; + demi- 
crown, acoronet. Sce also DEMI-CEINT, -GIRDLE, 

1568 Nortu Guenara's Diall Pr. w.(1679)627/1 To see 
a foolish Courtier weare a *demy the 
crowne of his 1613 Suaxs. Hen, V/1/, w.i. (Order 
cone Marquesse Dorset..on his head, a * my 

ronall of Gold, 1698 Baxen tr. Balsac's Lett. 1.09 A 

if you doe i cloath of for a 


5 
ee 


afeS 
a7 


y 
F 


Ll 
mn 

os 

9 


LANGE, IQUE, | rd 

Bovrtett rm. 14 
corned of nue. plecmn stele exciooed 
body, front and back, above the waist, and as low down 


DEMI-. 


the hips; this may be called a *demi-cuirass.. 1883 J. 
Harton in Harper's Mag. Nov. 849/1 ‘The armor .. is a 
*demi-suit worn in the days of Henry VIII. 

4. In Artillery, distinguishing a piece of defi- 
nitely smaller size than the full-sized piece so 
named, as demz-bombard: see also DEMI-CANNON, 
-CULVERIN, -HAKE. 

5. In Fortification, as demi-caponier, -distance, 
-parallel: see quots. Also DEMI-BASTION, -GORGE, 
-LUNE, -REVETMENT, 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., * Demi-caponniere, a construc- 
tion across the ditch, having but one parapet and glacis. 
1706 Puiwirs (ed. Kersey), *Demzi-distance of Polygons .. 
is the distance between the outward Polygons and the 
Flank. 1851 J.S. Macautay Field Fortif. 233 When arrived 
at about 150 yards from the enemy's covered way, he forms 
other places of arms, called *demt-farallels. 1874 Knicur 
Dict. Mech., Demi-parallel, shorter entrenchments thrown 
bj between the main parallels of attack, for the protection 
of guards of the trenches. 

6. In Military tactics, the Manége, etc., as 
+ demt-hearse, -pesade, -pommada; demi-brigade, 
the name given, under the first Frengh Republic, to 
a regiment of infantry and artillery (Littré) ; see 
also DEMI-BATEAU, -SAP, -VOLTE. 

ea Europe in Ann. Reg. 7/t The sons of the Mam- 
malukes .. he brought into the *demi-brigades to supply 
the place of the French drummers, | 1635 Barrirrr 1/72. 
Discip. \xxvi. (1643) 210 The next firing in /vont which I 
present unto you, is the *Demie-hearse, 1884 E.L. ANDERSON 
Mod. Horsemanship i. xvii. 154 The Greeks. . practised their 
horses in leaping, in the career .. and even in the *demi- 
pesade. 1762 Sterne 7. Shandy V. xxix, Springing into 
the air, he turned him about like a wind-mill, and made 
above a hundred frisks, turns, and *demi-pommadas. 

7. In Weights, Measures, Coins, etc., as + demi- 
barrel, + -galonier, + -groat, -mark, -second, + -sex- 
tier, + -sovereign ; demi-ame, halfan AAM; demi- 
farthing, a copper coin of Ceylon, of the value of 
half a farthing. 

1494 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 23 No such Merchant .. should 
put any Herring to Sale by Barrel, *Demy-Barrel, or Firkin. 
¢1740 SHENSTONE Economy 1. 44 Ev'n for a *demi-groat, 
this open’d soul .. Revibrates quick. 1863 A. J. Horwoop 
Year-bks. 30-1 Edw. J, Pref. 26 note, Mr. Booth’s quere .. 
as to the reason for the tender of the *demy-mark in a 
writ of right. 1816 Kirsy & Spr. Entomol, (1843) II. 248 
Mr. Delisle observed a fly .. which ran nearly three inches 
in a *demi-second, and in that space made 540 steps. 1817 
Cosperr Wks. XXXII, 142 Under the old-fashioned names 
of guineas and half-guineas, and not, as the newspapers told 
us... under the name of sovereigns and “demi-sovereigns. 

8. With names of fabrics, stuffs, etc., usually in- 
dicating that they are half of inferior material ; as 
+ demi-buckram, -lustre, + -worsted. Also DEMI- 
CASTOR. 

@1568 Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) 100 Clothe him selfe with 
nothing els, but a *demie bukramcassok. 1880 Daily News 
8 Novy. 2/7 *Demi-lustres and Irish wools being relatively 
higher in price. 1536 A. Basser in Mrs. Green Left. R. & 
Lilust. Ladies W1. 295 Send me some *demi worsted for a 
robe and a collar. 

9. Music. +demi-cadence,an imperfect cadence, 
ahalf-close ; +,demi-crotchet, a quaver; +demi- 
ditone, a minor third (see Dironr); + demi- 
quaver, a semi-quaver. (All ods. and rare.) See 
also DEMISEMIQUAVER, -SEMITONE, -TONE. 

1828 Buspy Aus. Manual,* Demi-Cadence, an expression 
used in contradistinction to Fudl-Cadence..so a demi- 
cadence is always on some other than the key-note. 1659 
Leak Waterwks. 28 If you will you may put on *Demi 
Crochets, or Quavers. 1706 Puitiirs (ed Kersey), *Demi- 
ditone ..the same with Tierce Minor. 1753 CHAmBers 
Cycl. Supp., Demiditone, in music, is used by some for a 
third minor. 1669 Coxaine Death T. Pilkington Poems 79 
Whose Loss our trembling Heart such wise lament As the 
like Semi- and *Demi-quavers went. 1706 Puituirs (ed. 
Kersey), Demi-quaver, a Musical Note; see Semi-guaver. 

10. With names of material or geometrical 
figures : Half, semi-; as demt-canal, -column, 
-cylinder (hence demé-cylindrical adj.), demi- 
dome, * -hill, -metope, -orbit, -pillar, -plate, -tube ; 
+}demi-globe, -sphere = hemisphere; demi- 
octagonal, -octangular, of the shape of half of 
an octagon. See also DEMI-cIRCLE. 

z 1870 Rotieston Anim, Life 20 The place .. taken by the 

demi-canal. 1879 Sir G.G, Scorr Lect, Archit. Il. 38 An 
entire pillar of this form must have suggested the *demi- 
column. 1781 Gipson Deec?. § F. (1846) III. xl. 621 The altar 
+. Was bagi in the eastern recess, artificially built in the 
form of a *demicylinder. 1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect. Archit. 
I, 5r The most normal and readily invented vault is. .of the 
continuous barrel or “demi-cylindrical form. 1862 R. H. 
Parrerson Ess, Hist. § Art 410 Beneath an apex or *demi- 
dome, stands the relic-shrine. 1794 G. Avams Nat. § Exp. 
Philos, U1. xxxii. App. 327 The flat side of this *demi- 
globe. 1665 J. Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 131 A mighty Heap 
in Form of a *Demi-hill. 1774 T. West Antig. Furness 
(1805) 362 The ruins of the chapter-house, with four *demi- 
octangular buttresses in front. 1875 Cro. Climate & T. 
App. 537 The *demi-orbit, or .. the 180° comprehended be- 
twixt the two equinoxes. 1776 Lond. § Westm. Guide 13 
Four Gothic *Demi Pillars painted with blue Veins, and 
gilt Capitals. 1885 A¢henvum 28 Feb. 284/1 A *demiplate 
..is never the second plate [of the ambulacra]. 1826 oat 
& Spr, Entomol. (1828) IL]. xxxv. 571 A deep channel or 
*demitube. : oot 

11. With ordinary class-nouns, indicating a person 
or thing which has half the characteristics connoted 
by the name; or is half this and half not, half- 


179 


and-half; hence sometimes with the sense ‘ of equi- 
vocal quality or character’; as demz-atheist, -Allas, 
-beast, -beau, -bisque (BISK sb.), -brule, -cwsura, 
-canon, crack (CRACK sb, 11-15), -Christian, -crttic, 
-dandiprat, -detty, -devil, -doctor,-gentleman, -king, 
-lawyer, -millionatre, -Mohammedan, -Moor, -owt, 
-pagan, -Pelagian (so -Pelagianism), -priest, -pro- 
phetess, -savage, -urchin, -votary, -wolf, + demi- 
damsel, -lady, -lass (rendering Sp. semddoncella) ; 
+demi-male, a eunuch. See also DeEmi-cop, 
-ISLAND, -ISLE, -MONDE. 

1856 Boker Calaynos 1.i, Why talk you thus, you *demi- 
atheist? 1606 Suaks. Ant. & Cl. 1. v. 23 The *demy Atlas 
of this Earth. 1849 J. W. DonaLpson Vheatre Greeks 252 
The composition of demigods with *demibeasts formed a 
diverting contrast. a1700 B.E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Sub-bean, 
or *Demibeau, a wou'd-be-fine. 1799 W. Tooke View 
Russian Emp. Il, 606 Destitute of the finer feelings of our 
nature, and a *demi-brute. 1824 L. Murray Aug. Gram. 
(ed. 5) I. 382 ‘This semi-pause may be called a *demi-cesura. 
1712 Cooke Voy, to S. Sea 396 Vo the Cathedral belong ten 
Canons. .six * Demi-Canons, and six half Demi-Canons [etc.] 
1622 MassinGer Virg. A/art. u. i, Herein thou shewed’st 
thyself a perfect *demi-Christian too. 1674 S. Vincent 
Yung. Gallant's Acad. Yo Rdr. A vijb, Nay the Stationers 
themselves are turned *Demi-Criticks. 1756 Gray’s-/nn True. 
I. 167 We the .. Demi-critics of the City of London, in 
Coffee-houses assembled. 1620 SHELTON Quix. 1v. xvi. IT, 
201 To this Hole came the two *demi-Damsels. 1622 
MassinGer Virg. Mart. u. iii, Adieu, *demi-dandiprat, 
adieu! 1640 T. Rawtins Redellion in Hazl. Dodsley X1V. 

4 A religious sacrifice of praise Unto thy *demi-deity. 1820 
Byron Alar. Fal. u. i. 390 The demy-deity Alcides. 1604 
Suaks. O/A, v. ii. 301 Demand that *demy-Diuell, Why he 
hath thus ensnar’d my Soule and Body. 1823 W. Irvine in 
Life & Lett, (1864) IV. 399 What demi-devils we are to mar 
such scenes of quiet and loveliness with our passions! 1737 
BRACKEN /arrtery Inipr. (1757) I. go *Demi-Doctors, who 
do more Mischief than all the right-knowing of the Pro- 
fession do good. 1611 Speep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. vi. § 14 
But a *Demi-King, depriued of all Soueraignty ouer one half- 
deale of his Kingdome. 1742 Jarvis Quix, 1. 1v. xvi. (D.), 
At this hole then this pair of *demilasses [rendered by 
Morreux and OzEtL, 1757, *demy-ladies] planted them- 
selves. 1825 T, JerFERSON Axtobiog, Wks. 1859 I. 45 
Chicaneries .. and delays of lawyers and *demi-lawyers. 
1601 R. Jounson Kingd. & Comainw., (1603) 235 Being a *demi 
Mahumetan. 1728 Morcan Algiers Il. v. 294 He was 
always called Aga, as are generally those *Demi-Males: 
every Eunuch is an Aga. 1614 SytvestER Du Bartas, 
Parl. Vertues Royall 108 Those daring *Demi-Moores. 
1622 Massincer Ji7g. Mart. u. i, As 1 am a *demi-pagan, 
I sold the victuals. 1626 tr. Parallel Aiij, What kindred 
-. hath Arminius .. with the *Demipelagians? — /did. 
Dij, *Demipelagianisme is Pelagianisme. 1590 L. Lioyp 
Diall Daies 18 So inspired by god Phoebus, that she was 
accompted and taken for a *demie Prophetesse. 1800 
Hevena WE tts C. Neville 11. 318 The little *demi-savage 
gained so many friends. 1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc. 173 
Other like Beasts yet had the feete of Fowles, That *Demy- 
Vrchins weare, and Demy-Owles. 1663 CowLey Complaint 
vii, My gross Mistake, My self a “demy-Votary to make. 
1605 SHaks. Macé. 11. i.94 As.. Mungrels, Spaniels, Curres.. 
and *Demy-Wolues are clipt All by the Name of Dogges. 

12. With nouns of action, condition, state; as 
demt-assignation, -atheism, -bob, -flexton, -incog- 
nito, -nudity, -premtsses, pronation, -relief, -result, 
-sacrilege, -translucence ; demi-metamorphosis 
(Zntom.), partial metamorphosis, hemi-metabol- 
ism; demi-toilet, half evening (or dinner) dress, 
not full dress. ‘ 

1667 G. Dicsy Elvira in Hazl. Dodsley XV. 6x Such 
words imply Little less than a *demi-assignation. 1710 
Berkevey Princ. Hum. Knowl. § 155 Sunk into a sort of 
*Demy-atheism, 1842 Baruam /ngol. Leg., Auto-da-fé, 
Returning his bow with a slight *demi-bob. 1808 Jed. 
Frnl. XIX. 81 *Demi-flexion becomes at length as painful as 
the extension at full length. 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II. 
76/2 The fore-arm was in a state of demi-flexion. 1891 Pad/ 
Mall G, $ Mar, 1/2 When a Royal personage comes to 
Paris in *demi-incognito. 1816 Gentl. Mag. LXXXVI. 1. 
227 Loosely attired in the *demi-nudity of the Grecian 
costume. 1 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxx. (1611) 400 They 
iudge conclusions by *demipremises and halfe principles. 
1836-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. I]. 76/2 The fore-arm was in 
a state of *demi-pronation. 1874 Knicut Dict. A/ech., 
*Demi-relief .. half raised, as if cut in two, and half only 
fixed to the plane. 1612 W. ScLater Ministers Portion 29 
Popish *Demi-sacrilege had made seisure of tithes. 1828 
Scorr Diary 17 May in Lockhart, 1 contrived to make a 
*demi toilette at Holland House. 1880 Disraru Endy, 
xxii, The sisters were in demi-toilet, which seemed artless, 
though in fact it was profoundly devised. 1849 C. Bronte 
Shirley v. 47 Dawn was just beginning to.. give a *demi- 
translucence to its opaque shadows. 

18. With adjectives: as demi-heavenly, -high, 
-human, -Norman, -official, -pagan, ~pectinate, 
-savage, -simple, -unenfranchised; demi-equitant 
(Bot.) = OBvoLuTE. (With most of these sevz- 
is now the usual prefix.) 

1616 Syitvester Du Bartas, Tobacco Battered 536 *Demi- 
heav’nly, and most free by Birth. 1871 Figure Training 
120 We may go far before we meet with anything superior 
to the plain *demi-high buttgn-boot now so much worn. 
1822 O’Connor Chron. Eri . Ixvii, These wretched 
mortals .. considered but *demi-human, the link between 
man and monkey. 1876 Tennyson //arold m. i, Our dear 
England Is *demi-Norman. 1804 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. 
IIL. 275 These. .are surely inferior to the *demi-official letters 
of the second volume, 1818 Conssetr Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 
201 The publications in the demi-official newspaper of this 
country. 1833 CHALMERS Const. Man (1835) I. 1. 104 The 

rf age or *demisavage nations. 159 F. Sparry 
tr, Cattan's Geomancie 168 The one is simple, the yther 


DEMICEINT. 


*demy simple. 1893 Jiest. Gaz. 25 Feb, 2/2 Extracting 
verdicts from semi-disfranchised and *demi-unenfranchised 
constituencies. 3 

14. With verbs and verbal derivatives : as +demi- 
corpsed, * -detfy, + -digested, + -natured, + -turned. 

1828 J. Witson in Blackw. Alag. XXIV. 286 He [the rider] 
becomes *demicorpsed with the noble animal. 1784 Cowrer 
Task v. 266 They *demi-deify and fume him so. 1660 Fisuer 
Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 229 In thy meer *demi-digested 
demications against them. 1602 Suaxs. //amz. ww. vii. 88 
And to such wondrous doing brought his horse, As had he 
beene encorps’d and *demy-Natur’d With the braue Beast. 
1793 J. WiLuiaMs Calm Exam. 74 Has the sphere of recti- 
tude been *demi-turned, and what was yesterday upright- 
ness, now antipodic? 

Demi-Atlas: see Demi- 11. 

|| Demi-bain (de‘mibéin). [Fr.; =half bath.] 
= DEMI-BATH. 1847 in Craic. 

+ De‘mi-bar. Ods. [Bar sé.! 21.] Name for 
a kind of false dice. 

1592 Nobody §& Somceb. (1878) 337 Those are called high 
Fulloms..low Fulloms .. ‘Those Demi-bars. .bar Sizeaces. 

Demi-bastion (de'mi,bz'stion). /or7¢f. [DEmt- 
5.] A work of the form of half a bastion, having 
one face and one flank. Hence Demi-ba‘stioned 
a., having demi-bastions. 

1695 Lond. Gaz, No. 3100/4 The Dutch were not able to 
maintain themselves in the Demi-Bastion. 1813 C/roz, in 
«lnn, Reg. 198/2 Against the demy-bastion on the scuth- 
eastern angle and the termination of the curtain of the 
southern face. 1832 Soutnry //ist. Penins. War IL. 235 
Their efforts had been misdirected against the face of a 
demibastion, 1851 J. S. Macaucay /iedd Fortif. 22 Of 
Demi-bastioned Forts. : : 

|| Demi-bateau (de'mijba'to). [IF r.; = half- 
boat: see BarEau.] A half-bateau used in con- 
structing pontoons. 

1853 Sir H. Doucras ALilit. Bridges (ed. 3) 98 Those 
[pontoons] of greater breadth are formed by uniting two 
demi-bateaux at the broader ends so as to constitute an 
entire bateau, P 

DBemi-bath (de-mibap). [trans]. Fr. demt-bain.] 
A bath in which the body can be immersed only 
up to the loins. 1847 in Craic. 

Demi-bombard, -brassard, -brigade: sce 
DewI- 4, 3, 6. 

Demiec (de‘mik), a. nonce-wd. 
district, country, people + -1¢.] 
characteristic of the people. 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 263 Perhaps beauty is 
demic or epidemic here. 

Demi-cadence: see Drml- 9. 

+De:mi-ca‘nnon, O/s. Also -canon. [a. 
F. demz-canon (16th c. in Littré) : see Drenmi- 4] 
A kind of large gun formerly used, of about 63 
inches bore: see CANNON sé.! 2. 

1556 [see Demi a.]. 

1577-87 Hotixsurp Chron. III. 1188/2 They were answered 
againe with foure or five canons, and demi canons, 1587 
Harrison England 1. xvi. (1877) 1. 281 The names of our 
greatest ordinance. . Demie Canon six thousand pounds, and 
six inches and an halfe within the mouth. Cannon, seauen 
thousand pounds, and eight inches within the mouth, 1673 
Phil. Trans. VU. 6040 In the Year 1672. July 9, there was 
cast a Demy-canon; weighing 34 hundreds of weight. 1707 
Farquyar Beaux Strat. ut. i, Her eyes..Are demi-canons 
to be sure; so I won't stand their battery. 1735-6 CarTE 
Ormonde 1. 341 There were three demi-canon, two sakers, 
and one minion. : ; 2 

b. attrib., as in demt-cannon cut, drake. (See 
Cur 5.2 30a, DRAKE.) 

1634-5 Brereton 7vav. (1844) 165 She carries 16 pieces of 
ordinance. .four whole culverin drakes, and four iron demi- 
cannon drakes. 1642 in Rushw. //ist. Cod?. 11, (1692) I. The 
Walls .. are singularly well fortified with Brass and Iron 
Guns, both Culverins and Demi-Cannon-Cuts. 

Demi-caponier: see DEMI- 5. 

+ De:mica‘stor. Ods. Also -caster. [a. F. 
demt-castor ‘chapeau de poil de castor mélangé’ 
(Racine 17th c.): see Demr- 8, Casror1.] a. An 
inferior quality of beaver’s fur, or a mixture of 
beaver’s and other fur: usually a¢érib., as in demt- 
castor hat. wb. A hat made of this. 

1637 Lanc. Wills 11. 142 To W™ Nickson one demicastor 
hatt. cx64s Howett Ze?t. III. xi, In that more subtill air 
of yours tinsell sometimes passes for tissue, Venice Beads 
for Perl, and Demicastors for Bevers. 1721 C. Kine Brit. 
Merch. I1. 236 Beaver, Demicastor, and Felt Hats, made 
in.. Paris. 

. @1658 CLevetanp Sir J. Presbyter 58 Pray for the 
Mitred Authors, and defie Those Demicastors of Divinity. 

Demication : see Dimr-. 

+ De-miceint. Oés. Forms: 5-6 demycent, 
-sent, dymyceynt, -sent, dymisent, dymysen, 
‘son. [a. F. demi-ceint, demd-ceinct, ‘a halfe- 
girdle; a woman’s girdle, whose forepart is of 
gold or siluer, and hinder of silke, &c.’ (Cotgr.) ; 
. demi- half + OF. ceint:—L. cinctum girdle.] A 
girdle having ornamental work only in the front. 

1483 in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 116 A dymysen with a red 
crosse harnossid with siluer wrought with golde, 1503 WZ 
of Tymperley (Somerset Ho.), A dymysent gyrdell of siluer 

gilt. /déd., A dymycent withoute any corse of siluer & 
gilt. c1524 Churchw. Acc. St. Maryhill, London (Nichols 
1797) 128 A demysent with a cheyne and a pommander and 
a pendent. 1538 Bury Wills (1850) 136 best pores 

yll of gold callyd a dymysent. 1543 Nottingham Recs 

I, 397 My dymyson gyrdylle and my coralle beydes. 

23 


[f. Gr. d7p-0s 
3elonging to or 


e— 3 


DEMI-CIRCLE. 


Demi-chamfron: see DEMi- 3. 

Demi-circle (de'misd:k'l). [Demi 10.] 

1. A semicircle. Now rare. 

1654 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 308 Mathematical and magical 
curiosities ..a balance on a demi-circle. 1662 Gersier 
Princ. 2 How a Point, Line, Angle, Demi-circle .. must be 
made. 1726 Cavatuer Mem. m. 185 The Hill Lay} in 
the form of a Demi-Circle. 1864 Bourett Heraldry Hist. 
&§ Pop. xxi. § 11. 370A demi-circle of glory edged with clouds. 

2. Surveying. An instrument of semicircular form 
used for measuring angles. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Demi-circle..a modest substitute 
for the theodolite. 


Hence Demi-ci'reular a., semicircular. 


1821 Locknart Vaderino I. ix. 146 ba se might consist 
of about twenty, who reclined along one demi-circular couch. 


Demi-coronal: see Demi- 2. 

+ De‘mi-cro:ss. Oés. [DEmI- 1, 10.] 

1. The title of one of the degrees among the 
Knights of Malta. 

1788 Pict. Tour thro’ Part of Europe 19 There are also some 
Demi-crosses, who, by express permission, are authorized 
to wear the golden cross with three points. 

2. An instrument for taking altitudes: see quot. 

1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Demi-cross, an instrument 
u by the Dutch to take the sun's altitude, or that of 
a star at sea.. The Demi-cross is of this figure: 1. 

Demi-crotchet, -cuirass: see DEmi- 9, 3. 

Demi-culverin de:mijkylvérin). Ods. exc. 
Hist. [ad. F. demt-coulevrine: see DEMI- 4 and 
Cutverin.] A kind of cannon formerly in use, of 
about 4} inches bore. 

1987 Harrison England u. xvi. (1877) 1. 281 Demie Cul- 
uerijn weigheth three thousand pounds. 1598 B. Jonson 


180 
side of the re-entering angle of the counterscarp for their 


+ Demigraine. Obs. [a. OF. demigraine 


pomegranate: cf. F. g egranate, also 
name of a stuff.] Name of some textile fabric. 

1s40 Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. in Pitcairn Crim. Triads 1. 
*302 To be ane cote to the Fwle, vi quarteris 
and vi quarteris Frenche jallow. _— 

+ Demigra‘ne. ° Os. a. F. demigraine 
(Cotgr.), var. of migraine, -L. demigranta, for 
L. hémicrania, a. Gr. jyuxpdviov pain on one side 
of the head.] = HEMICRANIA, ra 

€ Lanfranc's Cirurg. 301 And for demigrania 
wchak lots blood in Fe templis of his heed .. I hadde a jong 
man .. bat hadde demigrayn of hoot cause. 

+ Demigrate, v. Ols. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
démigrare to migrate from, depart, f. De- I. 2 + 
migrare to MIGRATE.] intr. To remove to another 
place or dwelling; to migrate. 

1623 CocxeraM, Demigrate, tochange houses. 1651 Biccs 
New Disp. ? 288 Hath it demigrated to another place? 

Hence + Demigra'tion. 

1623 CockeramM, Demigration, a changing of places, or 
houses. 1628 Br. Haut Quo Vadis ? § 22 Are wee so foolish 
that .. wee will needs bring upon our selues .. the curse 
of Cain .. that is, of demigration ? +759 Sterne Tr. Shandy 
II. v, The reason .. of this sudden demigration. 

Demi-groat: see Demi- 7. 

+ De‘mi-ha:ke, -haque. 0és. exc. //ist. Also 
9 demy-hag. Ke 4.) A fire-arm used in the 
16th c.; a smaller kind of Haqve or Hacxsvut, 


| Also called half-hague, half-hagg. 


Ev. Manx in Hum. m. i, They had planted mee three demi- | 


culuerings, just in the mouth of the breach. 1611 Coryat 
Crudities 104 One .. was exceeding great .. about sixteene 
foote long, made of brasse, a demy culverin. x6a7 Cart. 
Situ Seaman's Gram. xiv. 70. ¥ Lutrrett Brief Rel. 
(1857) II. 372 The feild train of artillery in the Tower for 
Flanders .. are to consist of 23 pounders, 10 sakers, and 
8 demiculverins. 1772 Simes Jftl. Guide, Demi-culverin. 
It is a very g field piece. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 
III. xvi. 685 Demiculverins from a ship of war were ranged 
along the parapets. 

attrib, 1634-5 BRERETON Trav. (1844) 165 She carries... 
six iron demiculverin drakes. 1647 CLARENDON //ist. Red. 
vu. (1703) II. 219 Retiring about Demy Culvering shot behind 
a Stone Wall. 

Demi-damsel,-deify, -devil: see Demi- 11, 14. 

Demidiate: see Diur-. 

Demi-distance, -ditone, -farthing, -galo- 
nier, -gardebras: see Deml- 5, 9, 7, 3. 

Demi-equitant: see Demi- 13. 


+Demi-galliot, -galleyot. [Drma.: ef. 

F. demi-galére, It. mezza galea (Jal).] A small- 

sized galliot or brigantine formerly used in the 

Mediterranean. 

1632 W. Litucow 7rav. B. v. 180 This Tartaneta, or Demi 
galleyot, belonged to the Ile of Stagiro, aunciently Thasia. 

+ De:mi-gau'ntlet. Surz., Ods. 

1706 Puiturs Demi-gantlet, a sort of Bandage us'd in the 
setting of disjoynted Fingers. 1823 in Crapse 7echn, Dict. 

* +Demi-girdle. 0s. = Dewicrint, q.v. 

1sor [see Demi A. II.). 1 
155 A dymye gyrdell. 1535 /did. 170 A demye gyrdell. 

Demigod (demiged). [Demi- 11: rendering 

L. semideus.] In ancient mythology, etc.: A being 

partly of divine nature, as one sprung from the 

Intercourse of a deity and a mortal, or a man 

raised to divine rank ; a minor or inferior deity. 

1530 Patscr. 366 What so ever goddes or demye goddes 

that they be. 158 Nortn ?/utarch (1676) 278 They did 

sacrifice. .unto the demy-gods, Androcrates. . Polyidus. 

1596 Suaks. Merch. V. ui. ii. 115 What demie God Hath 

come so neere creation? 1667 Mitton P, L. 1. The 

oe Seraphic Lords and Cherubim .. A thousand Demy- 
on golden seats, Frequent and full. 1712 Pore Ver- 
tumnus 75 A thousand sylvans, demigods, and gods That 
haunt our mountains. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. viii. 307 
The gods and demi-gods of pagan antiquity. E 
Misc. Papers, Fort. of Repub. Wks. (Bohn) 111. 388 Ark- 
wright and Whitney were the demi-gods of cotton. 

De:migoddess. vare. [Dxmi- 11+ : 
rendering L. semidea.] A female demigod. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. 498 The most anti 
demi-goddesses that ever were, 1788 Mrs. Hucnes Hen. 
&§ /sab. 1. 74 Her whole seameees -reminded the beholder 

ess. 


in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) | 


1541 Act 33 Hen. V//1, c. 6 No person .. shall shote in 
anie crossebowe, handgunne, hagbut or demy hake. 1549 
Compl. Scott. vi. 41 Hagbutes of croche, half haggis, cul- 
verenis.) 58x LamBarve Fiven. ww. iv. (1588) 477 If any 
person have... used or kept..any hagbut or demyhake. 
1801 Srautt Sports & Past. u. i. 52 In addition to the hand- 
guns, I meet with other instruments of like kind .. namely 
demy hags, or hag butts. 1834 Penny Cycé. 11. 7¥t The 
demthague was a kind of long pistol, the attend ci which 
was made to curve so as almost to become a semicircle. 

Demi-hearse: see Dem- 6. 

De:mi-hunter. //atchmaking. [Demi 11.] 

1884 F. J. Britten Hatch & Clockm, 8 [A] Demi Hunter 
.. [is] a Watch case in which a glass of about half the 
diameter of the hunting cover is let into it. 

+ Demi-island. 0¢s. Also -iland. [Demi- 
11.) A peninsula. 

1600 HotLanp Livy xxxu. xxi. 822 Peloponnesus is a demie 
island [feninsuda). 1614 Raveicn Hist. World 11. w. vi. 
§ 8. 245 He was kept vnder sure guard in a demie-Iland. 
1652-62 Hevuin Cosmogr. 11. (1673) 2/2 It is a demy-Island, 
or Peninsula, environed on all sides with waters. 


Hence + Demi-i‘slander, an inhabitant of a 
peninsula. 


DEMI-MONDE. 


gallons, and usually cased in wicker- or rush-work, 
Wilidanor toc beatlacatikiaumnadanaemaen 


f transport. 
“As ordinary oie is 5 gallons Demijohns 


pig. 
Indies, are in common household use in 
The name is sometimes also given to vessels of 
or stoneware le 
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1 
bottle, containing al 
ang Cates Puutiwan tn Neca! Chron Xa I perceived 
. in Naw von. X. 183, 
pe bela Mo ny a demijean .. containing five 
men (Not in Topp 1818, nor in Pantologia 1819.] 1828 
/EBSTER, ise a glass vessel or bottle in 
wicker-work. Dickens A mer. Notes (1850) 122/2 Two 
pec) rte ohn beggar ge! pratexbe - 
ns. eisure Hour No. 
round the table with a huge d Ae mf 
brick-earth. Times 7 May 3 price paid for them 
was said to bea ‘demijohn’ of rum. 1894 Letter fr. Messrs. 


the islands. 
ware 


| Serutton, Sons, §& Co., We have at present 500 


_— with vinegar going by one of our steamers to the West 
1es. 
Comb. 1884 L. Ouirnant Haifa (1887) 134 Cisterns..some 
of them demijohn- 
i ce (de-mijlans). Forms: 5 demye 
launce, 6 demy-, deme-, demi-, dimilaunce, 
dimilance, 6-7 demy-, 6-8 demilance, 7 demi- 


| launce, 6-9 demi-lance. [a. F. demie dance (15th 


c. in Littré): cf. Demi- 3.] 
1. A lance with short shaft, used in the 15th and 
16th centuries. 


¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes ; iy mon xxii. 487 Charlemagn . . 
helde a demye launce in hys ¥ 1563 87 Foxe 4.4 M. 
(1596) 307/1 Who inthe waie stroke the Gilbert Hum- 
sard ome a blow with his demilance, that he feld both him 
and his horsse to the ground. 1598 DeLoney Facke News. 
ii. 43 Fiftie tall men .. demilances in their hands. 1697 
Dryben J irgil vu. 1010 Light demi-lances from afar they 
throw, Fasten'd with leathern thongs, to gall the foe. 1877 
Miss Yonce Cameos 111. xxx. 301 He struck him such a 
blow with his demi-lance as to unhorse him. 

attrib, 1658 J. Bursury Hist. Christina Alessandra 358 
His Holinesse likewise ordered that five of his demy-lance 
men should every day wait by turns on her Majesty. 

2. A light ‘horseman armed with a demilance. 


| In the literal sense, obs. by 1600, exc. as historical ; 


| and dimilances. 1611 Sprep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxi. § 48 Nine- 
i-Lances. 


a 1649 Deumo. or Hawtn. Fam, Epist. Wks. (1711) 146 | 


We can hardly repair unto you demi-islanders, ae) 46 
dancing and tossing on your arm of the sea. 

+ Demi-isle. O/s. =prec. 

1609 Hottann A mem. Marcell. xxu. viii. 200 That Biland, 
or demy Isle which the Sindi inhabit. 1620 — Camden's 
Brit. 1. 189 From S. Michaels mount southward .. there is 
thrust forth a bi-land or demi-Isle. 1776 Mickte tr. Camoen's 
Lusiad 284 Southward sea-girt she forms a demi-isle. 

Demi-jambe: see DEmI- 3. 

Demijohn (de‘mi,dzgn). Forms: 8 demijan, 
9 demijean, demi-john, demijohn. [In F. dame- 


| jeanne (1694 Th. Corneille dame-yane, 1701 Fure- 


titre Dame Jeanne, lit. ‘Dame Jane’) ; so Sp. dama- 
Juana (as if Dama Juana); mod.Pr., in different 
dialects, dama-jana, damajano, damojano, dame- 
jano, dabajano, debajano; Cat. damajana; It. 
damigiana ; mod, Arabic il<*s, il<l> dama- 
Janah, dimajanahk, etc. in 1gth c. lexicons. 

The current Eng. form is the result of popular perversion 
as in ‘sparrow-grass’; the earlier demiyan, demijean, ap- 
proach more closely to the F. and Romanic, whence the 
word was adopted. The original rye = etymology 
of the word are disputed : see Rev. A. L. Mayhewin Academy 
age 1893. Some have assumed the Arabic to be the source 
of the Romanic forms, and have sought to explain this as of 
Persian origin, and derived from the name of the town 
Damghin or Damaghan, pitas, a commercial em- 


and the unfixedness of its form aoe apes damajanan, 


ofa or dem B.D. Watsn Arai damajanan, damanjanah) points, in the opinion of Arabic 
saphs Clouds ste, Os am Teo ths the musical maids s, to its recent adoption from some foreign language, 
cm divi . ly from Levantine use of It. damigiana. 

Are certain divine demigoddesses? : re 

Hence Demigo-ddess-ship Se een te be Rommnic, some berg token Oo 2 

: fe a forms as the starting-point 

1858 —Crmet: tl — (1882) IIL. pa, pen | these either a L. type *dimidiane rom dimidinm half (Alart 
inde .. emigodd Pp -- 3S -- Charged. | in Rev. Lang. Rout. Jan. 1877), or the phrase dé medidna 

Demi-gorge (demi,gg:1dz). Fortif, [Demi- | middle or mean (size) (in illustration of which Darmesteter 


§.] That part of the internal pol from the 
angle of the curtain to the centre of the bastion 
(or point where the lines of the two adjacent cur- 
tains intersect) ; forming half of the gorge or en- 
trance - the bastion. - 

i ‘ed. K T.F in C. Gist’ 
Prd (a9) 9901 m hangin of ae Curialos lnghowt 39 fots 
J. S. Macavtay #etd Forttf. 29 Vauban stren: 


of demi and 44 yards of capital. > 
mirritus A til. Non (able) sty Hat Ol 46 yunde an ans 


cites from a 13th c. tariff of Narbonne the phrase ‘ampolas 
de mieja megeira’=L. ampullas d? media mensira), But 
these suggestions fail to explain the initial da- ent in 
all the Jangs.; on account of which M. Paul Meyer (like 
Littré) thinks that all the Romanic forms are simply - 
tions or transliterations of the French, this being si 
Dame Feanne ‘Dame Jane’, as a popular appellation th 
Bellarmine, greybeard, etc.), This is also most in accord- 
ance with the historical evid at pr k ,» Since 
the word occurs in French in the 17thc., while no trace of it 
Ss ye early has been found elsewhere. 

large bottle with bulging body and narrow neck. 
holding from 3 to 10 (or, in extreme cases, 2 to 15) 


s 


in 17th c. often used humorously like ‘ cavalier ’. 

1544 CRANMER in M. Burrows Worthies All Souls v. (1874) 
65 To send up one demy-launce well furnished. 1560 Diurn. 
Occurrents (1833) 56 V™ fute men and xviije lycht horsemen 
teene Knights, sixe hundred demi- RLEY 
Love's Cruelty mm. ii, Be not ed iv apiece 1755 CARTE 
Hist. Eng. 1V. 55 The forces u his command consisting 
of 600 demilances, 200 archers on horsebacke, 3000 on 
1849 J. Grant Kirkaldy of Gr. ix. 82 oe his troop 
of demi-lances d this col of the army. 

Hence Demi-la‘ncer = DEMI-LANCE 2. 

1552 Hvutoet, Dimilauncer or bearer of a dimilaunce, 
lancearius. ae Souldiers Accid, 40 The 
second Troope of Horse were called Launciers or Demi- 
launciers. 1% Entick London 1. 452 A large Body of 
demi- rs in bright armour. 

mi-lass: see DeMi- 11. 

Demi'litarize, v. [f. Dx- II. 1 + Mirary 

+-IZE.] trans. To take away the military organ- 


ization from. (In quot. referring to the np 
of the Austrian ‘ military frontier’). Hence De- 
mi:litariza‘tion. 

1883 A. J. Parrerson in Pad? Mail G. 2 Oct. 1/2 Two out 
of the Croatian frontier regiments were demilitarized. But 


..the Hungarians. .delayed the of demilitarization. 
Demilune (de-mil'zn), sb.(a.) [a. F.demilune, 


| in 16-17th c. demée June half moon: cf. Demt- 10.] 


+1. gen. A ‘half-moon’, a crescent. Ods. 
1734 Nortu Lives (1808) 1. 228 (D.) An immense mass of 
stone of the shape of a demilune. 1734 — Exam. m1. vii. 
95 (1740) 578 These stately Figures were planted in a 

ilune al an huge Fire. ‘ 

2. Fortif. An outwork resembling a bastion with 
a crescent-shaped gorge, constructed to protect a 
eae Coe Beit: eit Half-Moon, in for 
s in for- 
tification an otek. Senclating OF tata fates, cunt two 


little flanks. Daily News 26 Sept janes have 
ones Seabed bere ten gates of Paris. 


3. Physiol. Demilunes (crescents) of Giannussi 
or Heidenhain: certain crescent-shaped proto- 
plasmic bodies found in the salivary glands. 


Syd. Soc. Lex., Demilune of Giannussi, a granular 
eet oeninn tiene which forms part of 
the cell-contents of the sali cells. 


B. adj. Crescent-shaped, semilunar. 
1885 Proc. KX. Soc. 19 Mar. 215 The demilune cells and the 
—— which are present .. in the sub-maxillary gland 
the cat. 
Demi-lustre, -mentonniére, -metamor- 
phosis, -metope: see Demi- 8, 3, 12, 10. 
Demi-man: see Demi a. 
|| Demi-monde (damé,mdid, demijmgnd). [Fr. ; 
lit. ‘ half-world’, ‘ half-and-half eT 
invented by Dumas the younger. Cf. Demt-rep.) 
The class of women of doubtful reputation and 


social the outskirts of ‘society.’ 
( mes, c aa extended to in- 


DEMI-OSTADE. 


1855 Fraser's Mag. U1. 579 His [Dumas’] Demi-Monde is 
the link between good and bad society. .the world of com- 
promised women, a social limbo, the inmates of which. .are 
perpetually struggling to emerge into the paradise of honest 
and respectable ladies. 1884 Mrs. C. Prarep Zero xiv, The 
demi-Monde overflowed the Hotel de Paris. 1893 V. Y. 
Nation 27 Apr. 320/t His province is the demi-monde, the 
Bohéme of the modern Miirger, the Paris of Zola and the 
Naturalists. 

b. attrib. or as adj, 1864 SALA Quite Alone 1. i. 10 ‘Is she 
demi-monde ?’..‘ Nobody knows’. 

Demi-natured : see Dremi- 14. 

Deminish, etc. : see Drurnisn, etc. 


+ Demi-o'stade, -ostage. Os. Also 6 Sv. 
damyostage. [a. OF. deme ostade, hostade, estade, 
f. demi, -e half + ostade, hostade, austade, ‘ the stuffe 
worsted or woosted’ (Cotgr. 1611).] A stuff: 
apparently half-worsted half-linen, linsey-woolsey. 

1537 Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. in Pitcairn Crim. Trials 1. 
290 l'wa steikis of double Damyostage to hing about the 
Quein [at her funeral]. 1538 Aderd. Reg. V. 16 (Jam.), A 
hogtone of demyostage begareit with veluot. [1593 tr. 
Guicciardini’s Descr. Low Countreys 33 b, Sarges or Sayes, 
Wosteds, Demi-wosteds [It. ostate, #2e22e ostate] or Russels. 
1764 ANDERSON Ovig. Commerce (1787) II. 112 To England, 
Antwerp sent .. linen both fine and coarse, serges, demy 
ostades (quzre if not worsteds 7), tapestry. 1882 CAULFEILD 
& Sawarp Dict. Needlework, Demyostage, a description of 
Taminy, or woollen cloth, formerly used in Scotland.] 

Demi-parallel: see DEmI- 5. 

+Demi-parcel. 0¢s. [Dem-7.] The half. 

@ 1592 GREENE A /phonsus (1861) 232 My tongue denies for 
to set forth ‘The demi-parcel of your valiant deeds, 

Demi-pauldron, -pectinate, -pesade, 
-pike: see DEmI- 3, 13, 6. 

Demi-pique (de'mi,p7k), a. (sd.) Also 7 -pick. 
[Demr- 1o.] 

A. adj. Of a saddle: ‘ Half-peaked’ ; having a 
peak of about half the height of that of the older 
war-saddle. 

B. as sb. A demi-pique saddle. 

1695 Loud. Gaz. No. 3104/4 He had on a Demy-Pick 
Crimson Velvet Saddle. 1761 Ear: Pemproke Milit. Equit. 
(1778) 9 To be as firm, to work as well, and be quite as much 
at his ease [on the bare back] as on any demipique saddle. 
1771 SMotiett Humph. Cé. (1815) 3 Send Williams thither, 
with my saddle-horse and the demi pique. 1819 Scotr 
Legend Montrose ii, His rider occupied his demipique, or 
war-saddle, with an air that shewed it was his familiar seat. 
-4833 M. Scorr Tom Cringle xvii. (1859) 450 Two stout ponies 
..ready saddled with old fashioned demipiques and large 
holsters at each of the saddle bows. 

De-mi-piqued (-p7kt), a. Also 8 -peak’d. 
[f. prec. +-ED.] =prec. A. 

1759 SterNE 77. Shandy I. x, He was master of a very 
handsome demi-peak’d saddle, quilted on the seat with green 
plush. 1761 Eart Pemproxe Milit. Eguit. (1778) 17 Nobody 
can be truly said to have a seat, who is not equally firm on 
flat, or demipiqued saddles. 

Demi-placard, -placate, -pommada, -pre- 
misses: see Denmi- 3, 6, 12. 

+ De:mi-puppet. Os. [Demi-10.] A half 
sized or dwarf puppet. 

6x0 Suaxs. 7emp. v. i. 36 You demy-Puppets, that By 
Moone-shine doe the greene sowre Ringlets make. 

Demi-quaver, -relief: see Drmi- 9, 12. 

Demi-rep (de'mi,rep). Also -rip. [f. Demi- 11 
+ ‘rep, for reputation, mentioned by Swift Polzte 
Conversation, Introd. Ns li, among ‘some abbre- 
viations exquisitely refined,’ then in current use. 
Cf. also reputable, in common use in 18th c. in 
sense ‘honourable, respectable, decent’, and dés- 
veputable.| A woman whose character is only 
half reputable; a woman of doubtful reputation 
or suspected chastity. 

1749 Firtpinc Tom Yones xv. ix, He had yet no knowledge 
of that character which is vulgarly called a demirep, that is 
to say, a woman that intrigues with every man she likes, 
under the name and appearance of virtue. .in short, whom 
every body knows to be what no body calls her. 1754 Con- 
noisseur No. 4, An order of females lately sprung up .. 
usually distinguished by the denomination of Demi-Reps; 
a word not to be found in any of our dictionaries, a 1764 
Lioyp Poems, A Tale, Venus. . The greatest demirep above. 
1831 Lytron Godolph. 57 A coaxing note from some titled 
demirep affecting the De Stael. 1887 A thenzum 12 Nov. 
631 His heroine appears .. more of the demirep than has 
been commonly known. 

attrib. 1784 New Spectator XX. 4/1 Adepts in the demi- 
rip language. 1841 Edin. Rev: LX XIII. 382 Women of the 
Lge, daa _transf. 1863 A. Gitcurist Life IV. Blake 
I. 99 The now dingy demi-rep street. 

Hence Demire’pdom, the domain or world of 
demi-reps ; the demi-monde. 

1839 CarLyLe in Froude Life in London I. vi. 158, I do not 
see well what good I can get by meeting him much, or Lady 
B. and demirepdom. 

De:mi-reve'tment. Jortif. [a. F. demi-re- 
vétement : see DEMI- 5.] A revetment or retaining 
wall for the face of a rampart, which is carried not 
to the top, but only as high as the cover in front 
of it, leaving the rest as an earthen rampart at the 
natural -slope. So Demi-reve'tted Z//. a. (see 
quot.). 

1857 Birch Axc, Pottery (1858) I. 106 At Mespila and 


Larissa, the walls were demi-revetted, or faced with stone ~ 


only half way up; namely about 50 feet from the bottom of 
the ditch. 1874 Knicur Dict, Mech., Demi-revetment. 


181 

Demisable (démai‘zab’l), a. [f. Demisx v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being demised. 

1657 Sir H. Grimsrone in Croke Reforts I. 499 The land 
..Was..copyhold land, and demisable in fee. 1767 Biack- 
stone Comm. 11.97 That they have been demised, or de- 
misable, by copy of court roll immemorially, 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 206 It was contended that the manor and 
fishery were not demisable under the power, as no rent was 
then paid for them. 

+ Demi'sal. Oés. [f. Demise v.] What is 
demised : = DEMISE 1 b. 

1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 53 3/2 He only got a Broken 
Pate, Turn’d out to Grass from all Demisals. /é/d¢. No. 
56 3/1 Or on the Sex spent your Demisals, And therefore 
seek to make Reprizals. 

| De‘mi-sang. Zaw. [Fr.] Half-blood. 

(1575-1708 7ermes de la Ley (as Anglo-French) Halfe 
bloode. Demy sancke ou sangue.] 1797-1820 ‘TomLins 
Laws Dict. Demy-sangue, half-blood [as in] brothers of the 
half-blood, because they had not both one father and mother. 
31823 Crappe Techn. Dict. 

Demi-sap. /ortif [Demi- 5.) A Sap, or 
trench of approach, with a single parapet. 

1706 Lond. Gaz. No. 4251/2 We began the Demi-Saps on 
the Right and Left. 1708 /é/d. No. 4467/3 A_Demy-Sap 
was begun from the Right of the Attack on the Right. 

Demise (dimai:z), 56. [app. of Anglo-Fr. 
origin: démise or desmise is not recorded in OF., 
but is regularly formed as the fem. sb, from pa. pple. 
of desmettre, démettre, to'send away, dismiss, ve/l. 
to resign, abdicate: cf. F. mise, remise. In Ing- 
lish, the prefix being identical with L. de-, there 
is a manifest tendency to treat it as Dr- I. 1, as if 
to ‘hand down’ or ‘ lay down’ were the notion.] 

1. Law. Conveyance or transfer of an estate by 
will or lease. 

1sog-10 Act 1 Hen. VIII, c. 18 § 2 All Dymyses, Leses, 
releses..made..by her or to her. 1587 Lapy Srarrorp in 
Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 210 Nor [shall] any hinderaunce 
growe to theim by this demize. 1638 Sanverson Sev. I. 
94 In a demise a man parteth with more of his interest ; he 
transmitteth together with the possession, the use also or 
fruit of the thing letten or demised. 1817 W. Setwyn Law 
Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11. 1120 Plaintiff held by virtue of a de- 
mise. 1876 Dicsy Heal Prof. v. § 1. 206 ‘The proper mode 
of granting an estate for years at common law is by words 
of demise followed by the entry of the lessee, 

+b. The estate demised. Obs. rare. 

a 1660 Hammonp Wks. I. 725 (R.), I conceive it ridiculous 
to make the condition of an indenture something that is 
necessarily annext to the possession of the demise. 

Transference or devolution of sovereignty, as 
by the death or deposition of the sovereign; usually 
in phr. demise of the crown. 

{1547 Act 1 Edw. VJ, c.7 Preamb., Which Actions..by the 
“Death or Demise of the Kings of this Realm have been dis- 
continued. 1660 Bonn Scut. Reg. 58 The King hath a per- 
petual succession, and never dyeth ; For in Law it is called 
the demise of the King, and there is no Inter-regnum.] 1689 
Evetyn Mem, (1857) Il. 299 That King James .. had by 
demise abdicated himself and wholly vacated his right. 
1714 Swirt Present State of Affairs, The regents appointed 
by parliament upon the demise of the crown. 1765 BLack- 
STONE Comm. I. 249 When Edward the Fourth .. was 
driven from his throne for a few months .. this temporary 
transfer of his dignity was denominated his demise. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 534 The unexpected demise of the 
crown changed the whole aspect of affairs. 1857 Sir J. F. 
W. Herscuer £ssays 615 Demise of the chair. 

3. Transferred to the death or decease which 
occasions the demise of an estate, etc.; hence, 
popularly, = Decease, death. 

1754 RicHARDSON Grandison (1781) I. ii. 7 Her father's con- 
siderable estate, on his demise..went with the name. 1799 
Med. Frul.1. 206 We lament the early demise of this favourite 
friend of science. 1846 M°Cutocu Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 
I. 417 To trace their lives from the moment of their birth, 
marking the exact period of the demise of each individual. 
1878 GLapstone Prim. Homer 43 The Odyssey does not 
bring us to the demise of Odusseus. 

Jig. 1839 Times 13 May, After the ostensible demise of 
the outward cabinet. 1860 T. L. Peacock IVs. (1875) III. 
473 The demise of that periodical prevented the publication. 

emise (dimoi'z), v. [f. Demise sd.] 

1. Law. (trans.) To give, grant, convey, or trans- 
fer (an estate) by will or by lease. ; 

1480 Bury Wills (1850) 64 By oure chartre beryng the date 
of thees presentes have dimised, assigned, deliuered ..to 
Henri Hardman clerk, William Duffeld..the forseid maner. 
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 61 § 1 To lette and demyse fermes 
ther for the terme of vij yere and undir. 1587 Lapy Star- 
ForD in Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 208 Woods ..to be 
demized to a yong man. 166x J. SrerpHENS Procurations 38 
Afterwards Q. Eliz. ..did demise the said Commandery 
and Rectory to Dr. Forth. 1733 Neat Hist. Purit, 11.7 
For demising away the Impropriations annexed to Bishop- 
ricks and Colleges. 1844 Wittiams Real Prop. (1877) 445 
This word demise operates as an absolute covenant for the 
quiet enjoyment of the lands by the lessee. : 

b. To convey or transfer (a title or dignity) ; ys 
said of the transmission of sovereignty, as by the 
abdication or death of the sovereign. 

1670 Cotron Esfernon 1. 1. 37 His Majesty would have 

iven them in Sovereignty, and have demis’d to him the 

itle of the Crown. 1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 249 When 
we say the demise of the crown, we mean only that .. the 
kingdom is transferred or demised to his successor. 1892 
G. B. Smitn Hist. Eng. Parit. Il. ix. ii. 20 He therefore 
recommended the Convention to declare that James II had 
voluntarily demised the crown. ; x 

¢e. intr. To pass by bequest or inheritance. 

1823 GrevitLe Afem, (1874) 1. 64 Now arose a difficulty— 


DEMISSION, 


whether the property of the late King demised to the King 
or to the Crown. 

+2. gen. To convey, transmit; to ‘ lease’. Os. 

1594 Suaks. Rich. L//, ww. iv. 247 What Honour, Canst 
thou demise to any childe of mine? @1660 Hammonp IWis. 
IV. xiv.(R.), Upon which condition his reasonable soul is at 
his own conception demised to him. 

+3. To let go; to dismiss. Ods. 

ars4x Wyatr Defence Wks. (1861) p. xxxiv, [What] the 
King and his Council thought in this matter when they de- 
mised Mason at his firstexamination, and for the small weight 
there was either against him or me. 1542 Upatt Avasm. 
Afoph. 191a, Vhe Thebanes he demised and let go at their 
libertee.  ¢ 1610-15, Lives Women Saints 141 Vhat wearie 
bones may be refreshed, And wasted mindes redressed, And 
griefe demisd that it oppressed. 

4. intr. To resign the crown; to die, decease. vare. 

1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E, Ind.1. x. 103 When Shaw 
Abbas demised, his Son Shaw Tomas succeeded him. 1783 
Cowrer Lett, 31 May, The Kings. .must go on demising to 
the end of the chapter. 

Hence Demi'sed ///. a., Demi'sing 70/. sb. 

1547 in Vicary’s Anat, (1888) App. iii. 131 The orderinge, 
bestowinge, sellinge, dymysyng .. of the late parishe 
churches. 1587 R. HovenvEN in Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 
I. 211 The demising of Alsolne Colledg Woodes. 1682 Enq. 
Llect. Sheriffs 33 (tis plainly implyed in the Demised and 
Confirmed things and customs. 1876 Dicny Neal Prop. § 1. 
380 To pay the rent or to repair the demised premises. 

De'mi-sea‘son, a. [ad. F. demz-saison \also 
in Eng. use), as in vole de demt-saison, a dress in- 
termediate between a winter and a summer dress. ] 
Of costume: Of a style intermediate between that 
of the past and that of the coming season. 

[1769 in Jesse G. Selwyn § Contemps. IT, (1882) 380 
(Stanf.), 1.. wish to know .. if it is to be a dew? saison or 
a winter velvet. 1883 Daily Zed, 18 Jan. 2 (ibid.), The 
demt-saison costume.] 1890 Daily News 24 Mar. 6/t The 
demi-season cape that is most largely worn. 1892 /é/d. 15 
Oct. 7/¥ Bonnets, .are still demi-season in style. 

Demi-semi (de'mi)se'mi), a. [f. Demi- 13 + 
Semi- half: prob. taken from demdsemiquaver : 
see next.] Zt, Half-half, i.e. quarter ; but usually 
a contemptuous diminutive. 

1805 W. ‘Tavior in Ann. Rev. IIL. 312 The demi-semi 
statesmen of the present a; 1842 Miatzt in Nonconf. 11. 
409 Demi-semi-sacramentarianism. 1874 Heirs Soc. Press. 
vii, (1875) 98 Half men, ‘demi-semi’ men, were. .of no use, 

Demisemiquaver = ((le"mi,se*mijkwé!:vo1). 
Music. [Demi-9.] A note of half the value of 
a semiquaver ; the symbol for this note, resembling 
a quaver, but with three hooks instead of one. Also 
attvib., as in denttsemiquaver rest. 

1706 Pritts (ed. Kersey, Demti-semi-quaver, the least 
Note in Musick. 1822‘I’. L. Peacock Alatd Marian (1837) 
176 The song of the choristers died away in a shake of 
demisemiquavers, 1848 Rimpautt First Bk. Piano 55 The 
Demisemiquaver Rest has three crooks turning to the left. 

Demi-se‘mitone. Music. rare. [Demt- 9.] 
Half a semitone ; a quarter-tone. 

1866 Excer Nat, A/us. ii. 27 Councillor Tilesius informs 
us that the natives of Nukahiva .. distinctly intone demi- 
semitones (quarter-tones) in their vocal performances. 

Demi-sheath (demi,{7p). Atom. [Cf Dem- 
3.] A half-sheath; i.e. one of the two channelled 
organs of which the tubular sheaths, covering the 
ovipositors or stings of insects, are composed. 

Demi-sphere, a hemisphere : see DEMI- 10. 

Demiss (dimi's), a. [ad. L. démtss-us let 
down, lowered, sunken, downcast, lowly, pa. pple. 
of démittére to Demit. Cf. It. demtsso ‘ demisse, 
base, submisse, faint’ Florio, F. dvz7s out of joint, 
OF. desmis, also ‘submitted, humble, submissiue’ 
(Cotgr.).] 

+1. Submissive, humble, lowly; also in bad sense, 
Abject, base. Ods. or arch. 

1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath u. 10a, So demisse of 
nature. 1581 Savite Zacitus’ Hist. 1. li. (1591) 30 Among 
the seuerer sort Vitellius was thought base and demisse. 
1596 Spenser Hymne Heavenly Love 136 He downe de- 
scended, like a most demisse And abiect thrall. 1612 R. 
Suetvon Serm. St. Martin's 9 Spoken vnder correction of 
faith, and with demisse reuerence. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gé. 
Exemp. Ad Sec. xv. § 6 Sullen gestures or demiss be- 
haviour. , [1888 cf. Demissness.] 

42. dt, Hanging down. Oés. 

@ 1693 Urqunart Rabelais ui. xxviii. 237. ; 

+3. Of the head or countenance : Hanging down, 
cast down, downcast. Oés. ; 

1586 Bricut Melanch, xx. 121 Countenance demisse, and 
hanging downe. | 1634 PracHam Gent. Exerc. 1. Vii. 23 
Giving him a demisse and lowly countenance. 

+4. Of sound: Subdued, low. Obs. rare. 

1646 GauLE Cases Consc. 129 A demisse hollow muttering. 

5. Bot. Depressed, flattened. 

Demission ! (démi‘fon). [ad. L. démission-em, 
n. of action from démittére : see DeMIss, DEmit!.] 

1. Abasement, lowering, degradation. Now rare. 

@ 1638 Meve Disc. Matt. xi. 29 Wks. (1672) 1. 158 Adored 
with the lowest demission of mind. _ 1691-8 Norris Pract. 
Disc. 171 This Demission of the Soul. [1883 American VI. 
214 Their omission or their de ion to a lower rank.] 

+2. Dejection, depression, lowering of spirits or 
vitality. Ods. 

1656 Blount ne be Demission, an abasement, faint- 
ness, abating. 1 orris Coll. Misc. (1699) 141 Heaviness 
and demission of Spirit. 1719 Woprow Cor7, (1843) IL. 45 
‘Temptations to demission, FY - 


DEMISSION. 


3 raga Dintssion, Dis- 
MISSION. From the identity of the prefix with L. 
de-, there is a tendency in English to take the literal 
sense as ‘ laying down’ (De- 1).] 

1. The action of putting away or letting go from 
oneself, giving up, or laying down (esp. a dignity 
or office) ; resignation, relinquishment, abdication. 

1577-87 Hotinsurp Chron. 11. 391/1 Concerning the 
queenes demission of hir crowne, and resignation thereof 
made to hir sonne king James the sixt. /d/d. 111. 504/2, 
I shall never repugne to this resignation, demission or 
yeelding vp. 16.. R. L'Esrrance (J.), Inexorable rigour is 
worse than a lasche demission of sovereign authority. 1 
Carre Ormonde II. 539 Ais to his Majesty for a demis- 
sion of his charge. 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) VI. xt. 
vi. 466 That the Cardinals were at liberty to receive that 
voluntary demission of the popedom. ‘ 

+b. fig. Relinquishment of life; death. Ods. 

1738 THomson Liberty 1. 458 And on the bed of peace 
his ashes laid ; A grace which I to his demission gave. 

+2. “it. Letting down. Obs. 

1664 F. Hicks in Jasper Mayne tr. Lucan 11. 305 Being 
King of the Gods, and able, by the demission of a coard, to 
draw up earth, and sea. ; 

3. Sending away, dismission. rare. : 

1811 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 428 No particular ‘period is 
fixed for a demission. 1824 Lapy Granvitte Letters (1894) 
I. 296 Chateaubriand’s demission was .. sudden and un- 
expected. 

+4. ¥ Order for release. Ods. 

1554 Churchw. Acc. Vatton (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 166 The 
demyssyons of y’ corte for y’ men that where putt in there. 

Demi'ssionary, @.! rave—°. [See Demis- 
s10N1 and -ary.] ‘ Tending to lower, depress, or 
degrade’ (Webster 1864). 

Demi'ssionary, 2.2 rxare—°. [See Demts- 
sion and -any, Ct. F. démisstonnatre.] Pertaining 
to the transfer or conveyance of an estate. 

3864 in WensTER. 

Demicssionize, v. [De- II. 1.] “rans. To 
deprive of its character as a mission. 

1883 S¢. Yames's Gaz. 19 Apr. 3 To prevent them from fall- 
ing into foreign hands and becoming de-missionized. 

+Demi‘ssive, a. Ods. [f. L. démiss-, ppl. 
stem of démittére (Demi v.1) + -IvE.] Downeast ; 
humble, submissive; = Demiss 1, 3. Hence 
Demi'ssively adv. 

1622 Relat. Mogul's Kingd. in Harl, Misc, (1808) 1. 259 
But Sir Thomas Roe. .would not so much derogate from his 
place, to abase himself sodemissively. 1630 Lorv Banians 
72 They pray with demissive eyelids. a@1763 SHENSTONE 


Essays, A Viston, Wks. 1764 11. 121 The subjects, very 


orderly, repentant, and demissive. 

+ Demi'ssly, adv. Os. [f. Demtss a. + -L¥ 2] 
Submissively, humbly ; abjectly, basely. 

1598 Frorio, Remissamente, demislie, remislie, basely, 
cowardly. 1617 Hirron Wes. 11. 390 To thinke so s Wire! 
and vnworthily of it selfe. 16r0 Hottann Camden's Brit. 
ut. 139 He most demisely beseecheth .. he might now haue 
experience of her merciful lenity. 

+Demi‘ssness. Os. or arch. [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] Dejectedness, submissiveness, humility, 
abased manner. 

1603 FLorio Montaigne 147 Cato .. blained them for their 
demissnesse. 1649 BuLwer Pathomyot. 11. v. 168 Exhibiting 
an humble reverence, with a sweet demisseness. 1888 Bryce 
Amer. Comm, I11. \xxxvii. 161 A kind of independence 
of manner .. very different from the demissness of the hum- 
bler classes of the Old World. 

+ Demi'ssory, @. Ods. Variant of Daussory : 
cf. Demir v.* 

a 1631 Donne Jgnat. Conci. (1635) 115 Accompany them 
with Certificates, and Demissory letters. 1708 J. CHAMBER- 
rayne St, Gt. Brit, 1. 11. i.(1743) 143 He must have Letters 
Demissory from the Bishop. 

Demi-suit: see Demi- 3. ; 

Demit (dimi't), v.l [ad. L. démittére to send, 

ut, or let down, to cast down, lower, sink, f. Dr- 

. 1+ mittére to send, etc. Cf. OF. demetre in same 
sense. ] 

1. “rans. To send, put, or let down ; to cause to 
descend ; to lower. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. xxv, If they decline 
their necke to the ground, they presently demit and let fall 
the same [their train]. 1762 Fatconer Shipwr’. 1. 226 These 
soon demitted stay-sails next ascend, 1885 R. W. Dixon 

‘Hist. Ch. Eng. U1. 442 This bill seems not to have been 
demitted by the peers. 

+2. fig. To bring down, lower; to let down, 
humble, abase. Oés. 

1611 W. Scrater Acy (1629) 64 To whose capacitie though 
it haue pleased the to demit himself [etc.]. a 1619 
Fornersy Atheom, Pref. (1622) 18 The highest points, 
which I haue carefully indeauoured to stoop and demitte, 
euen to the capacitie of the very lowest. 1656 JANES 
Mixt. Schol. Div. 103 ed taking on him the nature of man 
+. he demitted, or humbled himselfe. 1688 Norris 7) 
Love 173 When she, being Heaven-born, demits her nob! 
self to such earthly drudgery. 


182 


+ 8. ? To lay down as a supposition ; to suppose. 

1556 J. pen Spider & F. aA 29 Let vs here = 
one spider and ten flise All lyke honest: who seeing two 
sew at law, [etc.]. 


Demi't, v.* [ad. F. démett-re, in OF. desmet-re, 
desmett-re, {. des-, :—L. dis- + mettre to send, 
put, etc.: taking the place of L. dimittére to send 
away, dismiss, release, put away, let go, lay down 
(office), renounce, forsake, etc.; cf. Dismiss and 
Dintr, Chiefly used by Scottish writers.] 

1. trans. To let go, send away, dismiss. arch. 

1529 Faitn Lp. Chr. Rdr. Wks. (1829) 473 That they..be 
compelled (as Pharaoh was) to demit thy chosen children. 
1 Hist. ames VI (1804) 168 Thairefter he demittit 


thame frielie to pas quhair they list. 1649 Br. Gururir 
Mem, (1702) 11 Mr. John was demitted, and Balmiranoch 


DEMOBILIZE. 


Stud. ‘The Hinds suprume Goll is;_mearatal a whole 
cetes ol dems es from all care of paid 1882 
Farrar Early Chr. 11. 356 The Manichees subsequently 
2 that there were two.Gods—one the supreme and 
illimii Deity .. the other a limited and imperfect De- 


miurge. 

2. Gr. Hist. The title of a magistrate in certain ” 
ancient Greek states, and in the Achzan 

[1600 Hottann Livy xxxu. 823 (Stanf.), He was a de- 


mit J Trirtwa Greece VIII. so2 The num- 
ber of x fo lan seems..to have been limited to ten. 


transf. Six H. Taytor A utobiog. 11. 
sures % as work .. had Snot Renae aunts 
retirement of the Demiurge, James Stephen. 

Hence (nonce-wds.) Demiu-rgeous a., of the 
nature of a demiurge ; Demiu‘rgism, the doctrine 
of a demiurge ; Demiu : 


‘rgus-ship. 
sent Prisoner to the Castle of Edinburgh. 1690 J. Mac- 1882 Stevenson Familiar Studies Pref. 15 Our demiurge- 
KENZIE Siege London Derry 47/1 Walker [was] demitted, ous Mrs. Grundy smiles apologetically on its victi "880 
and Hamil reduced. 1x ARLYLE Misc. (1857) II. 33 Poor | A. Gray Lett, (1893) 695, 1 am amused at Professor . ..’s 
Longchamp, demitted, or rather dismissed from Voltaire’ bstitution of demiu: for evolution. 1886 in Century 
service. Mag. XXXII. 116 * prowling ies and demiur- 
+b. fg. To send away, remit, refer. Ods. ms that swarm in from the limbo of unreason. 1843 


1646 S. Botton Arraigum, Err, 123 To the Scriptures 


ARLYLE Past & Pr. iv. viii. (1872) 253 Unheard-of De- 


doth God demit and send us for the tryall of op 
+2. To put away, part with, let go. Ods. 

1563 Winzet Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks, 1888 1. 109 
He geuis ane expres command to the innocent woman de- 
mittand hir husband, to remain vnmariit or to be reconcilit 
to hir husband [marg. 1 Cor. 7]. 1678 R. Barcray A fol. 
Quakers ii. § 10. 45 These, though they cease not to call 
upon God, do nevertheless demit the Spirit. 

3. To let go, resign, give up, lay down (an office 
or dignity) ; to abdicate. 

1567 in Balfour Practicks (1754)6 We [Mary Stewart] .. 
haue renuncit and demittit .. the gyding and gouerning of 
this our realme of Scotland. cx610 Sir J. Mecvi. Mem. 
(1735) 185 The Queen's Majesty had demitted the Govern- 
ment. 1 Trans, Crt. Spain 26 (He) willingly demits 
his charge of President of Castile. 1798 Dattas Amer. Law 
Rep. 1. 107 We will. .not demit any part of her sovereignty. 
1855 Neit Boyd's Zion's Flowers Introd. 36 His cousin. .had 
demitted the Principalship of the University. 1876 Grant 
Burgh Sch. Scotl, 361 An Office which ie demitted in 
1606. 

b. adsol. To give up office; to nba 

1719 Woprow Corr. (1843) II. 451 Greatly tempted to 
demit. 1818 Scott Kod Roy ix, Ll advise him to get another 
clerk, that’s all, for I shall certainly demit. CARLYLE 
Fredk. Gt. V1. xvi. ix. 238 La Mettrie had to demit; to get 
out of France rather ina hurry. 1880 Daily Tel. 30 Nov., 
But the Ritualists will neither submit nor demit. 

4. To convey by lease, demise. Ods. 

1774 Petit. in A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock App. iii. 
ta bolerm let and demitted. i 

+ 5. To send out. Ods. 

[Perhaps belongs to Demnrrt v1, from De. I. 2.) 

1672 Sik T. Browne Pseud, Ep, 111. xvi. (ed. 6 161), This. . 
is rather generated in the head, and perhaps demitted and 
sent from thence by salival conducts and passages. 1756 
P. Browne Yamaica 191 The rib .. tapers from the base to 
the top .. demitting its connected ribs or foliage equally on 


both sides. 

De'mi-tint. Painting. ? Obs. [Demi- 11.] 
A half tint; a tint intermediate between the ex- 
treme lights and strong shades of a painting ; 
applied also to broken tints or tertiary colour- 
shades. 

x $3 Cra "s-Inn Frnl. No. 59 The Touch, which so skil- 
fully nlends different Colours. .is called by the Painters the 
Demi-tint. 1798 7raus. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVI. 287 
Those demi-tints which conduce so much to the brilliancy 
of a picture. ¢181rx Fuseu Lect. Art v. (1848) 467 He 
does not sufficiently connect with breadth of demi-tint the 
two extremes of his masses. 1824 Blackw, Mag. XV. 146 
They have none of the demi-tints to study. 

Hence De‘mi-tinted a. 

1828 /.xaminer 357/1 Cream-coloured and demi-tinted city 
and mid-distance. 


Demi-toilet : see Demt- 12. 

Demi-tone. ? 0és. [Demi- 9, 11: cf. Fr. demi- 
ton.) &. Painting, =Demt-tint. b. Music, = 
SEMITONE. ea cmaai 

1812 ao i 
Roncbeter pee scape ty hone po: it the ‘niddle of the 
canvass. 1828 in WeesTer. 


_ + Demitune. 0/s. =Dem-rone b. 


1598 Fiorio Semitono, a demitune, or halfe note in 
musicke. 

Demiurge (de'mid:dz, dimi-). [mod. ad. Gr. 
Snpuoupy-ds (Latinized démitirgus), lit. public or 
illo! wollen, f, 8j~u0s of the people, public + 
~Epyos, Pee 4 worker: cf. F. demiurge. The 
Gr, and Lat. forms demiurgos, -urgus (dimi-, 
demi,d 1g#s), were in earlier use, (So in 16th, F, 
demiourgon, Rabelais.) 

1. A name for the Maker or Creator of the world, 
in the Platonic philosophy; in certain later systems, 
as the Gnostic, conceived as a being subordinate 
to the Supreme Being, and sometimes as the author 
of evil, 

1678 Cupwortu /nted?. Syst, 259 Zeus ..in Plato .. some- 
times .. is taken for the Demiurgus or Opificer of the World, 
asin Cratylus. 1793 T. Tavtor Plato, Introd. to Timaus 
402 By the demiurgus and father of the world we must 
understand Jupiter. 1840 Browninc Sordellov. 400 4 Better,’ 
say re ‘merge At once all workmen iri demiurge.’ 1867 

. H, Srirwine tr. Schwegler’s Hist. Philos, (ed, 8) 83 

model of the eternal has 
perfection 


Plato) Demiurgus, 
i . 1873 Wurrney Orient. 


fashioned it [the world] 


gus-ships, Priesthoods, aristocracies, 

Demi (demi,d-1dzik, dz-),@. [ad. Gr. 
Snproupy-os, f. Snysoupyés : see -1c.] Of or per- 
taining to the Demiurge or his work ; creative. 

1678 Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. Amelius .. supposeth 
these three- Minds and Dentegit Punagin of his to be 
both the same with Plato's ‘ Three Kings’ and with 
his ‘Trinity’. 1793 T. Taytor Plato, Introd. to Timwxus 
370 He places over the universe a demiurgic intellect and 
an intelligible cause. 1819 G. S. Faser mage ph ae 1 
63 Adam will have been created in the course of sixth 
demiurgicday. 1869 Farrar Fam, Speech i. (1873) 11 That 
the creation was the result of a fiat articu' y spoken by 
the demiurgic voice. 1879 J. J. Younc Ceram. Art 86 The 
scarabaus was the emblem of the demiurgic god Phtha. 

+ Demiu‘rgical, 2. Ods. = prec. 

1601 Br, W. Bartow Defence g2 The demiurgical or in- 
strumentall meanes, the word of God read or 4 
H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 172 These. two Principles 
«. the one Active or iurgical, the other Passive or 
Material. 1678 Cupwortu /xedl. Syst. 306 It is one and 
the same demiurgical Jupiter that is praised both by Orpheus 
and Plato, 1792 T. Taytor tr. Comment. Proclus I. 58 
Demiurgical medicine. 

Hence Demiu'r adv. 

1816 G. S. Fawer Orig. Pagan Idol. 111. 67 He demiurgi- 
cally renews the whole apy of nature. 1851— Many 
Mansions (1862) 102 God acted demiurgically t! the 
intervention of a Material Body. 

Demiurgos, -us: sce DemiurcE. 

Demi-vambrace: see DEMI- 3. 

Demi-vill. Constit. Hist. rare. [AF. demie 
vile half town or vill.] A half-vill or ‘town’; 
the half of a vill (when this was divided between 
two lords) as a political unit. 

‘The Anglo-French word occurs frequently in the Statute 
cited, but in the Record ed. is translated 4a 

cr200 Stat. Exeter (2 14 Edw. 1) Stat. 1. 210 Les nuns de 
totes les viles, demie viles, e hamelez, ke sunt en son Wap’, 
Hundred e Franchise [¢vans/. The names of all the Towns, 
Half-towns, and Hamlets, within his Wapentake, etc.]. 1765 
Biackstone Comm. 1. Introd. iv. 111 The statute of 
which makes frequent mention of entire vills, demi-vills, and 

mlets. 

Demi-vol: see Demi- 1. 

Demi-volte (demi,vdult). Aandge. (sat 6.] 
One of the seven artificial motions of a horse : 
a half-turn made with the fore legs a ce 

ax Lp. Hersert Life (1886) 74 Having a t 
was poh in performing the Semivolte. Scorr 
Marm., iy. xxx, And making demi-volte in air, 
Anpverson Mod. Horsemanship uy, xii, 121 
be made to traverse in lines demi-voltes to the left. 


+ De‘mi-vow:el. Os. rare. A semi-vowel. 
3611 FLonio, Seminocale, a ie vowell. 
Demi-wolf: see Demi- 11. 

De-mi-wo:rld. xonce-wd. = DEMiI-MonpE, 
1862 Times 3 Sept. 5/5 The bye-world .. which the French 


call the demi-monde .. demi-world or bye-world is an 
alluring theme. 
Demi- : see DEMI-OSTADE. 
+Demi‘xture. Ods. [f. De- I 5 + Mix- 
TURE] Mixture of things which are themselves 
fo by mixture ; cf. Decomposition I, Decom- 
POUND, 


a) nt Solid Philos, The Intermediate 
Gitex cose by the Mixuwe aed Dembeture of those 


Demme, obs. form of Dim v. 

Dem-me, demmy, demn: see Dem v.” 
Demmyt, obs. f. dammed: see ee 239 
Demobilize (diméwbilsiz), v. E- 1. 
trans. To reduce from a mobilized condition ; to 
disband (forces) so as to make them not liable to 


gee see iaie ay a 
demotil son ch che bvcelliaanen, 1885 Manch. Exam, 
26 Aug. 5/4 An order .. for the demobilisation of the. 

ting A Reserve. © ; 


DEMOCRACY. 


Democracy (d/mgkrasi). Forms: 6-7 de- 
mocracie, 6-7 (9) -cratie, 7 (9) -craty, 7--cracy. 
[a. F. démocratze (-st), (Oresme 14th c.), a. med. 
L. démocratia (in 13th c. L. transl. of Aristotle, 
attrib, to William of Moerbeke), a. Gr. 5npoxpatia 
popular government, f. 5740s the commons, the 
people + -«paria in comb. = xpdros rule, sway, 
authority. The latinized form is frequent in early 
writers, and democratie, -craly, in 16-17th c.] 

1, Government by the people; that form of go- 
vernment in which the sovereign power resides in 
the people as a whole, and is exercised either 
directly by them (as in the small republics of anti- 
quity) or by officers elected by them. In mod. use 
often more vaguely denoting a social state in which 
all have equal rights, without hereditary or arbitrary 
differences of rank or privilege. 

{153% Exyot Gov. 1.ii, An other publique weale was amonge 
the Atheniensis, where equalitie was of astate amonge the 
people... This maner of gouernaunce was called in greke 
Democratia, in \atine, Popularis potentia, in englisshe the 
rule of the comminaltie.] 1576 Freminc Panofl. E fist. 198 
Democracie, when the multitude have governement. 1586 
T. B. La Primaua. Fr. Acad. 549 Democratie, where free 
and poore men being the greater number, are lords of the 
estate. 1628 Witner Brit. Rememd. 267 Were | in Switzer- 
land I would maintaine Democrity. 1664 H. More AZyst. 
Inig. 514 Presbytery verges nearer toward Populacy or De- 
mocracy. 1821 Byron Diary May (Ravenna), What is .. 
democracy ?—an aristocracy of blackguards. 1836 Gen. P. 
Tuomeson E-verc. (1842) 1V. 191 Democracy means the 
community’s governing through its representatives for its 
own benefit. 1890 Pall Mall G. 25 Nov. 3/1 ‘ Progress of all 
through all, under the leading of the best and wisest’, was 
his [Mazzini’s] definition of democracy. 

b. A state or community in which the govern- 
ment is vested in the people as a whole. 

1574 Wuitairt Def Aunsw, iii, Wks. (1851) I. 390 In re- 
spect that the people are not secluded, but have their interest 
in church-matters, it is a democraty, or a popular estate. 
1607 Toprse.t Four-f Beasts (1658) 97 Democraties do not 
nourish game and pleasures like unto Monarchies. 1614 
Br, Haut Recoll, Treat. 732 Nothing .. can bee more dis- 
orderlie, then the confusion of your Democracie, or popular 
state. 167 Mitton P. R, 1v. 269 Those ancient whose re- 
sistless eloquence Wielded at will that fierce democraty. 
x794 S. Wittiams Vermont 342 In the ancient democracies 
the public business was transacted in the assemblies of the 
people. 1804 Syp. Situ Aor. Philos. xvi. (1850) 237 In the 
fierce and eventful democraties of Greece and Rome. 1881 
Jowetr Thucyd. 1. 117 We are called a democracy, for 
the adniinistration is in the hands of the many and not of 
the few. 

ec. fig. ie . 

1607 WALKINGTON Oft. Glass 82 Tyrannizing as it were 
over the Democratie of base and vulgar actions. a 1652 
J. Smiru Sed. Disc. 1x. xi. (1821) 410 In wicked men there is 
a democracy of wild lusts and passions. 1885 J. MARTINEAU 
Types Eth. Th. 1. 27 All these eiéy .. are not left side by 
side as a democracy of real being. 

2. That class of the people which has no here- 
ditary or special rank or privilege; the common 
people (in reference to their political power). 

1827 Hattam Const. Hist, (1876) II. xii. 453 The power of 
the democracy in that age resided chiefly in the corporations. 
oa84x Gen. P. Toompson Exerc. (1842) VI. 151 The portion 
of the people whose injury is the most manifest, have got or 
taken the title of the ‘democracy’. For nobody that has 
taken care of himself, is ever, in these days, of the demo- 
cracy..The political life of the English democracy, may be 
said to date from the 21st of January 1841, 1868 Mittin 
Eng. & Ireland Feb., When the democracy of one country 
will join hands with the democracy of another. 

3. Democratism. are. 

1856 Miss Mutock ¥. Halifax 244 It seems that demo- 
cracy is rife in your neighbourhood, — 

4. U.S. politics. a. The principles of the Demo- 
cratic party; b. The members of the Democratic 
party collectively. 

1825 H. Cray Priv. Corr. 112, I am [alleged to be] a de- 
serter from democracy, 1848 V. Y. Herald 13 June (Bart- 
lett), The election of 1840..was carried by. .false charges 
against the American democracy. 1868 in G, Rose Gt. 
Country 354 That resolution adopted by the Maine Demo- 
ci in State Convention at Augusta. 1891 Lowed/’s Poems, 
Bigiow P., Note 301 One of the leaders of the Northern 
Democracy during the war, and the presidential nominee 

inst Lincoln in 1864, 
mocrasian, var. of DEMOCRATIAN Ods, 

Democrat (de‘mokret). Also 8 -crate. [a. 
F. démocrate (1790 in Hatzf.), formed from démo- 
cratie Democracy, on the model of aristocrate.] 

1. An adherent or advocate of democracy ; orig. 
one of the republicans of the French Revolution of 
1790 (opposed to aristocrat). 

1790 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 119/2 The democrates 
had already stripped the nobility of all power. 1791 Gispon 
Misc. Works (x814) 1. 340 Even our democrats are more 
re: bl more di a1794 — Autobiog. Wks. 1796 
I, 181 The cl. of the triump democrates, 1840 
Cartyte Heroes vi, Napoleon, in his first period, was a true 
Democrat, 1851 Hers Comp. Solit. ii. (1874) 15 Too affec- 
tionate a regard for the people to be a democrat. 

2. U.S. politics. A member of the Democratic 
party : see DEMOCRATIC 2. 2 

1798 WasuincTon Le?, Writ. 1893 XIV. 105 You could as 
soon scrub the blackamore white as change the principle of 
aprofest Democrat. 1809 Kenpaut 7av, III, Ix. 5 Ademo- 
crat is an anti-federalist. x! ALS Cray Priv. Corr. 544 
He must say whether he is 


hig or Democrat,. 1888 - 


183 


Bryce Amer. Comm. I. m. liii. 333 One of these two 
parties carried on, under the name of Democrats, the dogmas 
and traditions of the Jeffersonian Republicans. 

3. U.S. A light four-wheeled cart with several 
seats one behind the other, and usually drawn by 
two horses. ‘ Originally called democratic wagon 
(Western and Middle U.S.)’. Cent. Dict. 

1890 S. J. Duncan Soc. Departure 26 'Vhe vehicle was, in the 
language of the country, a ‘democrat’, a high four-wheeled 
cart, painted and varnished, with double seats, one behind 
the other. 1894 Axctioneer’s Catal. (New York), Demo- 
crat Wagon in good order, 

4. attrib. =Democratic. rare. 

1817 Cotertnce Biog. Lit. I. x. 186 He .. talked of pur- 
pose in a democrat way in order to draw me out. 1890 
Spectator 15 Nov. 676 Whether a little farmer..is going to 
rule the Democrat Party in America, 


+ Democra‘tian, a. and sé. Obs, Also 7 -sian, 
[f. med.1.. democratia DEMOCRACY + -AN.] 


’ 


A. adj, = Democratic, 

1574 J. towed Nat. Beginning Grow. Things 33 The Demo- 
cratian commen wealth .. is the gouernment of the people; 
where all their counsell and aduise is had together in one. 
1803 Sussex Chron. in Spirit Public Fruls, (1804) VIL. 248 
Under the Democratian flag. 

B. sé. = Democrat. 

1658 R. Franck North, Mem. (1821) 36 When Democra- 

sians dagger the Crown. 


Bemocratic (demokretik), @. (sé) [a I. 
démocratique, ad. med.L. aémocratic-us, a, Gr. 
Snuoxpatix-ds, f. Sypoxparia DEMOCRACY: see 
-Ic.] 

1. Of the nature of, or characterized by, demo- 


cracy; advocating or upholding democracy. 

1602 Warner Ald, Eng. x. \vii. (1612) 250 Aristocratick 
gouernment nor Democratick pleas'd. 1790 Mannin Lett, Lit. 
Men (Camden) 433 All is ina flame between the Aristocratic 
and Democratic parties [in France]. 1837 Hr. Martineau 
Soc. Amer. III, 255 The most democratic of nations is 
religious at heart. 1874 GREEN Short //ist. viii. § 5. 508 
No Church constitution has proved in practice so demo- 
cratic as that of Scotland. 

2. U.S. politics. (With capital D.) Name of the 
political party originally called Anét?-/ederal and 
afterwards Democratic-Republican, which favours 
strict interpretation of the Constitution with regard 
to the powers of the gencral government and of 
individual States, and the least possible interference 
with local and individual liberty ; in opposition to 
the party now (since 1854) called Republican 
(formerly called Federals and IVhigs). b. Pertain- 
ing to the Democratic party, as ‘a Democratic 
measure’, 

¢1800 T. Twintnc 7rav. America in 1796 (1894) 51 One 
of the principal members of the opposition, or of the anti- 
federal or democratic party. 1812 in Niles’ Register 96 
Harford, Baltimore, Washington and Queen-Anns have re- 
turned 4 Democratic members. . Federal majority [in Mary- 
land House] 32. 1839 W. L. Garrison in L7/e II, 312 Both 
the Whigand Democratic parties have consulted the wishes 
of abolitionists. 1860 Barttett Dict. Amer.507 What was 
Whig doctrine in 1830 may be Democratic doctrine in 1850. 
Ibid. 508 The three Democratic presidents, Jackson, Van 
Buren, and Polk. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comm. IL. ut. liii. 
340 The autonomy of communities .. has been the watch- 
word of the Democratic party. 

+B. 5d. =Democrat 1. Ods, 

1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 232 The democratics of 
our age went upon another principle. 1681 G, Vernon Pref, 
to Heylin's De Fure Paritatis Episc., This argument is 
known too well by our Anti-Episcopal Democraticks. 

Democratical (demokretikal), a. (sd.)  [f. 
as prec. +-AL.] = DEMOCRATIC 1. 

1589 Hay any Work 26 It is Monarchicall, in regarde of 
our head Christ, Aristocraticall in the Eldership, and 
Democraticall in the people. 1608 D. T. Hss. Pol. & Mor. 
4b, Ostracismes practiced in those Democraticall and 
Popular states of elder times. 1686 in Somers 7'racts I. 111 
The Democratical Man, that is never quiet under any 
Government. 1791 BosweLt Yohnson 21 Mar. an. 1775 
L abhor his Whiggish democratical notions and propensities, 
1849 Grote Greece 11. Ixiv. (1862) V. 50r The levy was in fact 
as democratical and as equalising as..on that memorable 
occasion, 

+ B. sb. =DeEmocrat 1. Obs. 

165r Hospes Leviath, 1. xxii. 122 Aristocraticalls and 
Democraticalls of old time in Greece. 1679 -— Behemoth 1. 
Wks. VI. 199 The thing which those democraticals chiefly 
then aimed at, was to force the King to call a parliament. 
1714 E. Lewis Letter to Swift 6 July, He is in with the 
democraticals. 

seer ony (demokreetikali), adv. [f. 
prec. +-LY2.] Inademocratic manner; according 
to the principles of democracy. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 647 They were not sum- 
moned aristocratically.. but invited democratically and after 
a popular manner to Supper. 1791 R. Burke in B.'s Corr. 
(1844) III. 300 He is supposed to be very democratically in- 
clined. 1839 Fraser's Mag. XIX. 149 He talked demo- 
cratically with Lord Stanhope, conservatively with Mr, Pitt. 
1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. 1. 36 Persons so democratically- 
minded as Madison and Edmund Randolph. 

Democratifiable, a. nonce-wd. [f. *democra- 
tify (f. DEMOCRAT + -FY) + -ABLE.] Capable of 
being converted into a democrat. ; 

1812 SHetiey Let. in Dowden Lif I. 245, [have met with 
no determined Republicans, but I have found some who are 


- democratifiable. 


DEMOGORGON. 


Democratism (dimg:kret,i:z’m). [f. Demo- 
CRAT + -I18M.] Democracy as a principle or system. 

1793 Burke Policy, of Allies Wks. VII. 138 Between the 
rabble of systems, Fayetteism, Condorcetism, Monarchism, 
or Democratism or Federalism, on the one side, and the 
fundamental laws of France on the other. 1834 7 a/t's 
Mag. 1. 655 The red cap of democratism. 

+Demorcratist. Cts. [f. as prec. + -187.] 
A partisan of democracy; =DEmocratT 1, 

1790 Burke /'r. Rev. 83 You will smile here at the con- 
sistency of those democratists. 1791 ///st. in Ann. Reg. 213 
3y the arts of the democratists they were plunged into 
a civil war of the most horrid kind. ‘ 

Democratization (d/mp:krataizzi-fon). — [f. 
next +-ATION.] The action of rendering, or pro- 
cess of becoming, democratic. 

1865 Pall Mall (7. 24 Apr. 10 The art has not improved 
under this democratization, 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu. 
II. 11. xxxviii. 53 It is a period of the democratization of all 
institutions, a democratization due .. to the influence. .of 
French republican ideas. ; ' 

Democratize (dimp‘kritaiz), v.  [a. F. démo- 
cratiser, f. démocrate, -cratte: sce -12E.] 

1. trans. To render democratic; to give a Ce- 
mocratic character to. 

1798 W. Tayior in Monthly Rev. XXVIII. 583 Not to 
democratize any one of the great continental powers. 1831 
Blackw, Mag. XXX. 398 The tendency of the measure was 
todemocratize. .theconstitution, 1888 Bryce Amer. Comm, 
II. 1. xl. 85 The State Government, which is nothing but 
the colonial government developed and somewhat democra- 
tized. 

2. intr. To become democratic. (vare.) 

(1840 7ait’s Mag. VII. 506 ‘The fact that we are democra- 
tising must be evident. 

Hence Demo-cratized ///. a.; Democratizing 
vol, sh, and ppl. a.; Demorcratizer, one who de- 
mocratizes, 

1859 Sat. Rev. 326/2 The democratizing of the House of 
Commons, 1882 Paid A/all G. 6 Oct. 3 A new and democra- 
tized Reform Club. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comma. 11.1. xiii. 
113 The democratizing constitution of 1846. 1893 Nation 
21 Sept. 207/3 Nothing more democratic and democratizing 
.. has ever emanated even from the ‘Vories in the days of 
their greatest distress, : 

Democraty, early variant of Demccracy. 

Democritean (d/mg:krit7an), a [f. L. Dé- 
mocrité-us (or -ius, Gr. Anpoxpite-os) of or per- 
taining to Democritus +-AN.] Of, pertaining to, or 
after the style of Democritus, a Greek philosopher 
of the 5th century B.c. (known as ‘the laughing 
philosopher’), or of his atomistic or other theories. 

So + Demo‘crital a., Democri'tic a. [L. Déno- 
critic-us|, ~Democritish a., in same sense; 
+ Democri ‘tical a., after the style or theories of De- 
mocritus; J. stories ( fabule Democritice, incredi- 
ble stories of Natural History; +Demo‘critism, 
the practice of Democritus in laughing at every- 


thing. 
a1617 Payneé Diocesans Tryall (1621) 80 As all but 
Morelius and such Democritall spirits doe affirme. 1650 


3ULWER Anthropomet, Ep. Ded., To summon Democritical 
Atomes to conglobate into an intellectual Form, 1656 

3LouNT Glossogr., Democritick, mocking, jeering, laughing 
at every thing. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xxvi. (1713) 53 
The Existence of the ancient Democritish Vacuum. 1672 
Sir T. Browne Left, Friend xxiv. (1881) 143 His sober con- 
tempt of the world wrought no Democritism or Cynicism, 
no laughing or snarling at it. 1678 Cupwortu /vtedl. Syst. 
Pref., ‘he Democritick Fate, is nothing but The Material 
Necessity of all things without aGod. 1725 Baitey Eras. 
Collog. (1877) 394 (D.) Not to mention democritical stories, 
do we not find. .that there is a mighty disagreement between 
an oak and an olive-tree? 1845 Maurice Jor. & Met. Philos. 
in Excycl. Metrop. 11. 627/1 Vhe Democritic concourse of 
atoms. 1855 Mirman Lat, Chr. (1864) IX. x1Vv, iii. 137 The 
Democritean notions of actual images which. .pass from the 


- object to the sense, 1888 J. Martineau Study Relig. Iu. 


i. 214 A physiologist so Democritean as Hacckel. 

Demo-ded, ///. a. [f. F. démodé, pa. pple. of 
démoder to put out of fashion (f. De- 1. 6 + mode 
fashion) +-ED,] That has gone out of fashion. 

1887 Temple Bar Mag. Mar. 436 Despite its demoded 
raging Romanticism, 1891 Sa‘, Rev. 17 Oct. 457/2 Any- 
thing so demoded as bustifying. 

ll Demodex (dizmodeks). Zool. [mod.L.; f. 
Gr. dnyuds fat + 57€ wood-worm.] <A genus of 
parasitic mites, of which one species, D. follicu- 


lorum, infests the hair follicles and sebaceous _ . 


follicles of man and domestic animals. 

1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 134 The dog harbours 
a demodex which causes it to lose its hair, 1876 Dunrinc 
Dis. Skin 585. 

Demoere, obs. form of DEMuUR. - 

Demogorgon (d?:mog/‘1gon). Myth. [late L. 
Démogorgin, having the form of a derivative of 
Gr. djpos people + yopyés grim, terrible, whence 
yopy# Gorgon ; but of uncertain origin: see below.] 

Name of a mysterious and terrible infernal deity. 

First mentioned (so far as known) by the Scholiast (Lac- 
tantius or Lutatius Placidus, ? ¢ 450) on Statius 7d. 1v. 516, 
as the name of the great nether deity invoked in magic rites. 
Mentioned also by a scholiast on Lucan Pharsalia vi. 742. 
Described in the Refertorium of Conrad de Mure (1273) as 
the primordial God of ancient mythology; so in the Genea- 
logia Deorum of Boccaccio. The latter appears to be the 
source of the word in modern literature (Ariosto, Spenser, 
Milton, Shelley, etc.) 


DEMOGRAPHER. : 


[By some supposed to be a corruption of és Demi- 
urgus; but this is very doubtful. medizval writers con- 
nect it with a: (‘D ), and lain it as i 


either demonibus terror (terror to demons), or terribilis 
demon terrible demon). From its connexion with magic, 
it may be a disguised form of some Oriental name.) 

1590 Spenser /, Q. 1. v. 22 Othou [Night] most auncient 
Grandmother of all.. Which wast begot in Damogorgon's 
hall. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. u. 965 And ome stood Orcus 
and Ades, and the dreaded name Of Demogorgon. 1681 


184 


altar of Hercules, much demolished. Ibid. 1. 
\ Cap aha aopecmnne tema ben DS pp 
siege. 
+c. intr. with passive sense. Ods. rare. 
Biwte (Douay) Foe/ ii. 8 Through the windowes t 
erhal and Ae Doe [Vulg. e¢ nom prtn Sor hed 
P Archaic const. : demolishing=a-demolishing, in demoli- 
tion=being demolished: cf. building in Buitn v. 7. 
1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2118/2 The House Gulicke lived in 


Drvypen Sf. Friar v. 11 He's the first begotten of Beel 
with a face as terrible as Demogorgon. 1705 PursHaLt 
Mech. Macrocosm %5 The Saline, and Sulphurious Vapours, 
I take to be the True a of the Phil hers, or 
Grandfather of all the Heathen Gods, i.e. Mettals. 1821 
Suetitey Prometh. Unb. 1. 207 All the powers of nameless 
worlds... And Demogorgon, a tremendous gloom. 1850 
Keicutiey Fairy Mythol. 452 oe to Ariosto, Demo- 
gorgon has a splendid temple palace in the Himalaya moun- 
tains, whither every fifth year the Fates are all summoned 
to appear before him, and give an account of their actions. 
Demographer (‘imp‘grafo1). [f. Deno- 
GRAPHY: see -GRAPHER.] One versed in demo- 
graphy. ee 
1881 P. Gegpes in Nature No. 622. 524 The economic 
labours of the geographer. -and the demographer, 
Demographic (demogrefik), a. [f. next: 
see -GRAPHIC.] Of or pertaining to demography. 
1882 Lond. Med. Record No. 86. 311 This proportion. .has 
no demographic interest. 1891 Scott. Leader 11 Aug. 4 In 
the demographic section there are to be investigated some 
social problems of more than usual intricacy. 
Demography (dimp'grafi). [mod. f. Gr. 5jp0s 
people + -ypagua writing, description (see -GRAPHY) : 
cf. F. démographie, Journal des Economistes, April 
1878.] That branch of anthropology which deals 
with the life-conditions of communities of people, 
as shown by statistics of births, deaths, diseases, etc. 
1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. V. 560 ‘Two sections of general 
anthropology, viz. : 1, anthropology proper. .2, demography, 
which. .treats of the statistics of health and disease. 1882 
Atheneum 16 Gem 374/r The fourth International Congress 
for Hygiene and Demography was held last week at Geneva. 
Demoid (di'moid), a. [ad. Gr. dnuoadys vulgar, 
f. jos the commons, the people: see -o1D.) Used 
of a type of animal or plant which by its common- 
ness or abundance characterizes a geographical 
region or a period of time; especially of the 
characteristic fossil type of a geological formation. 
1884 H. G. Seecey Philip's Man. of Geol. 1. 437 The 
abundant demoid types, which are termed characteristic 
fossils, for their abundance is such that strata are easily 
recognised by them, Every formation has its demoid types 5 
which in the Primary rocks are generally brachiopods. 


1885 W. H. Hupteston in Geol. Mag. 128 The relations of | 


a thoroughly demoid type are pretty wide. 

|| Demoise‘lle. [mod.F. (damwazgl), from 
earlier damoiselle : see DAMSEL.] 

1. A young lady, a maid, a girl. 

Occurs in 16th c, for earlier damoiselle, damisell (see 
DamseEL); in modern writers, in reference to France or 
other foreign country. 

Caxton's Chron. Eng. 1. 8b/1 A gentyl denoysell 


I 
{ed. 1480 damisell] that was wonder fayre. 1762 STERNE 


Lett. Wks. (1839) 750/2 (Stanf.), A month’s play with a | 


French Demoiselle. 1824 Byron ¥uan xv. xlii, A dashing 
demoiselle of good estate. 188% Hunter & Wuyte Ay 
Ducats iii. (1885) 38 One student, skating along with his 
demoiselle, has cannoned against another, 

2. Zool. a. The Numidian Crane (Anthropoides 
virgo); so called from its elegance of form, 

1687 Phil. Trans. XVI. 374 Six Demoiselles of Numidia, 
a Kind of Crane. 1766 /éid. LVI, 210 The next I shall 
mention is the Grus Numidica, Numidian crane, or De- 
moiselle. 1862 Chambers’ Encycl. 484 The Numidian 
demoiselle is remarkable..for elegance and symmetry of 
form, and grace of deportment. 

b. A dragon-fly. 

[1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol, (1818) 1. 276 The name given 
to them in England, ‘ Dragon flies’, seems much more ap- 
plicable than ‘ Bemciselles by which the French distinguish 
them.] 1844 Gosse in Zoologist 11. 709 Thus I contracted 
an acquaintance with these demoised/es, 

Demolater (dimg'lata1). nonce-wd. [f. djpo-s 
people + -LATER: cf. idolater.] A worshipper of 
the common people. So Demoma‘niac, one madly 


attached to the common people. 

1886 Sat. Rev. 22 May wae? riendly portrait of a demo- 
cracy by democrats, by demagog by jacs even, 
and demolaters. 

Demolish (démplif), v [a. F. démoliss-, 
lengthened stem of démolir (1383 in Littré), ad, 
L. démolivi to throw down, demolish, destroy, f. 
De- I. 6 + moliri to build, construct, erect, f. mdles 
mass, massive structure. ] 

1. trans, To destroy (a building or other struc- 
py by violent disintegration of its fabric; to pull 
or throw down, pull to pieces, reduce to ruin. 

1570-6 LaMBARDE Peramb. Kent (1826) 285 The Chapell of 
Hakington. . was quite and cleane demolished. 1606 WARNER 
Alb, Eng, xw, \xxxv. (1612) 353 Both twaine made hauock 
of their foes, demolishing their Ports. 1641 J. Jackson True 
Evang, T, 11. 181 Christ did..demolish and breake downe 
that partition wall. a Grnnon Decl. § F. I. xvi. 422 They 
completely demolished the remainder of the edifice, 1825 
Macautay Milton Ess. 1854 1. su. The men who de- 

lished the i in drals have not always been 
able to demolish those which were enshrined in their minds, 
+b. To break down or ruin partially. Ods. 


is demolishing. 1706 /did. No. 4199/3 The Castle of Nice 
is demolishi 


2. fig. To destroy, make an end of. 

1620 Venner Via Recta viii. 193 They lesse resist extrinse- 
call and intrinsecall causes that damotah their health. 1651 
Baxter /nf, Baft. 201 Demolishing the Church by division 
and contempt. 1735 BerkeLey Def Free-think. Math. § 32 
It is directly demolishing the very doctrine you would 
defend. 1878 Stewart & Tarr Unseen Univ. vil. § 214. 211 
To demolish any so-called scientific objection that might be 
raised. 1882 A thenwum 23 Dec. 844 The author demolishes 
most of those fanciful etymologies. 

b. humorously. To consume, finish up? 

[1639 Massincer Unnat. Combat m1. i, As tall a trencher- 
man.. As e’er demolished | {dash sigan 1756 Footr 
Eng. fr. Paris. Wks. 1799 1. 106 They proceed to demolish 
the substantials. 1879 Beernoum Patagonéa iii. 41 It is 
on record that he demolished ghe whole side of a young 
guanacho at one sitting. 

Hence Demo'lished ///. a. 

1623 Donne Encania 34 That demolished Temple. 1742 
Younc N+. Th. vii. 833 Beneath the lumber of demolish d 
worlds. 1840 THirLwatt Greece VII. 347 On the site of the 
demolished theatre. 

Demorlishable, ¢. [f. prec.+-aBLE.] That 
can be demolished. 

1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. 1. x. § 10 Only a glass 
house, frail, hollow, contemptible, demolishable. 


Demolisher (démg'lifo1)._ [f. as prec. +-ER!: 
cf. F. démolisseur (1547 in Hatzf.).] One who 
demolishes. 

1615 Crooxe Body of Man 247 Melancholy that enemy 
of the light and demolisher of the principles of life it selfe. 
1732 Berkecey Alciphr. v. § 25 Whatever merit this writer 
may have as a demolisher, I always thought he had very 
little as a builder. 1798 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. V. 354 
The demolishers of the Bastille. 1827 Scorr Nafoleon 
Introd., Collot d'Herbois, the demolisher of Lyons. 

Demolishing (dimplifin), v4/. sd. [-1NG 1] 
The action of the verb DEMOLISH: demolition. 

1632 Litucow Trav. v1. 260, I saw many ruinous lumpes 
of the Wals, and demolishings of the old Towne. 1684 
Bunyan Piler. 1. 159, I will therefore attempt .. the de- 
molishing of Doubting Castle. 1691 T. H[ace] Acc. New 
Jnvent. p. \xxxi, The immediate demolishing of Nusances. 
ltid. p. fexsii, The demolishing some particular New En- 
croachments. 

Demo'lishing, ///. a. [-1Nc*.] That de- 
molishes. 

1726 AMuerst Terre Fil. 253 The same unrelenting, de- 
molishing spirit reigns in all monkish societies. 


Demo'lishment. Now rare. [f. Demoisu 


wv. + -MeNT: cf. F, démolissement (1373 desm- in 


Godef.).] The act of demolishing ; the state or 
fact of being demolished. 

1602 Fuurcke and Pt. Parall. 51 Waste may bee com- 
mitted in the decay or demolishment of an house. ¥ 
Ecuarn Eccé. Hist. (1710) 465 The .. demolishment of fift 
of their strongest cities. 1884 Bookseller 6 Nov. bate ¥ 4 
‘The author has succeeded in the complete demolishment of 
Messrs. Darwin, Huxley and Co. F 

+b. pl. Demolished parts or remains, ruins. Ods. 

1627-77 Feiruam Resolves. c. 155 1fnoman should repair 
the breaches, how soon would ali lye flatted in demolish- 
ments? Crarenvon Contempl. Psalms Tracts (1727) 
372 To repair those breaches and demolishments. 

Demolition (demfli-fon, di-). [a. F. démolition 
Y 4th c. in Littré), ad, L. démdlition-em, n. of action 
rom démoliri to ao) 

1. The action of demolishing (buildings or other 


*structures) ; the fact or state of being demolished. 


1610 Heatey St. Ang. Citie of God 125 Before this demo- 
lition the people of Alba were all transported unto Rome. 
1780 Jounson Let. to Mrs. Thrale g June, The outrages 
began by the demolition of the mass-house b Lincoln's Inn. 
1852 Conypeare & H, St, Paul (1862) 1. v. seh ies demolition 
was completed by an earthquake. y A 

b. #/. The remains of a demolished building ; 
demolished portions, ruins. Also fig. 

1638 Baxer tr. Balsac’s Lett. (1654) TV. 56 Out of their 
demolitions, Trophies might be erected. 1641 Evetyn Mem. 
(1857) I. 20 Being taken four or five days before, we had 
only a sight of the demoli ions [of the castle 1668 CLAREN- 


pon Contemp. Psalms Tracts (1727) 734 All the breaches and 
demolitions they had made in his Church, 

2. fig. Destruction, overthrow. 

1549 Compl. Scot. xx. 184 There querellis tendit to the de- 


molitione of the antiant public veil. 1775 Gouv. Morris in 
Sparks Life §& Writ. (1832) I. 49 Such controversies 

quently end in the demolition of t rights and sts oy 
which they were instituted to defend. 1 Mortey Vol- 


taire (1886) 243 The demolition of that Infamous in belief 
and in practice. 

Demolitionary (demfli‘fonari), a, rare. [f. 
prec. +-ARY.] Of or pertaining to demolition ; 


ruining. 
1865, W. G. Patcrave Arabia I. 454 Too solid for the de- 
moliti process of hypercritical writers. 
Demolitionist (demjli'fonist). [See -18r.] 


One who aims at or advocates demolition. . 
1837 Cartyte /r. Rev. ut. ut. v, Layee i marching 
h 1s with some dozen of arrested litionists. 1852 


1645 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 170 Behind this stands the 


DEMON. 
Fraser's Mag. XLVI. 28 The Ultra-democratic 
yet = only Demolitionists). pest Get 


: see DEMOLATER. 


used by the LXX, N. Test., and Christian writers, 
for ‘ evil spirit’, Cf. F. démon (in Oresme 14th c. 
démones) ; also 13th c. demoygne=Pr. demont, It., 
sf demonio, repr. L. demonium, Gr. dapénov.] 
Inancient Greek mythology (= Salyer): A super- 
natural being of a nature intermediate between that 
of gods and men; an inferior divinity, spirit, genius 
(including the souls or ghosts of deceased 


esp. deified heroes). Often written demon for dis- 


tinction from sense 2. 

1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agri Van, Artes 2 Grammarians 
2 pH expounde this aac ty that is a Spirite, as if it 
were Sapiens, that is, Wise. 1587 Go.pinc De Mornay xix. 
303 And vnto Cratylus again [Plato] saith, when the good 
man departeth this world. .hee becommeth a Damon. 
Mene Gt. Afost. iii. Wks. (1672) 11. 627 et seq. 1680 H. 
More Afocal. Apoc. 252 Demons according to the Greek 
idiom, signify either Angels, or the Souls of men, any Spirits 
out of Terrestrial bodies, the Souls of Saints, and Spirits of 
Angels. 1774 J. Bryant J/ythol. 1. 52 Subordinate daemons, 
which they supposed to be ions and derivatives from 
their chief Deity. 1846 Grote Greece 1.ii (1862) 1.58 In Homer, 
there is scarcely any distinction between gods and daemons, 

b. Sometimes, particularly, An attendant, minis- 
tering, or indwelling spirit ; a genius. 

(Chiefly in references to the so-called ‘damon of Socrates’. 
Socrates himself claimed to be guided, not by a Saiuwy or 
dziton, but by a bauonov, divinum quiddam (Cicero), 
acertain divine principle or agency, an inward monitor or 
oracle. It was his accusers who represented this as a per- 
sonal demon, and the same was done by the Christian 
Fathers (under the influence of sense 2), whence the English 
use of the word, as in the quotations. See tr. Zedler’s 
Socrates iv.73; Riddell, Apology of Plato Appendix A.) 

1387 Tsevisa Higden M11. 279 We haveb i-lerned of 
Socrates, pat was alway tendaunt to a spirit pat was saieget 
demon. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 1222 The Ws. 
that obeieth not nor hearkeneth to her owne familiar and 
proper demon. 1606 SHaks. Ant. & Clu. iti. 1g O ——: 
.- Thy Damon, that thy spirit which keepes thee, is Noble, 
Couragious, high vnmatchable. 1 ome Agis 1, In- 
spiration, The guardian god, the demon of the mind, Thus 
often presses on the human breast. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. 
(1852) I. 222 If the moral sense does not check, if the demon 
does not warn. 1865 Lecky Ration, (1878) 1. 378 mote, Minu- 
cius Felix thought the damon of Socrates was a devil. 

2. An evil spirit. 

a. (Representing dapéniov of the LXX and N.T. 
(rarely Saiyav); in Vulgate demonium, demon). ° 
Applied to the idols or gods of the heathen, and 
to the ‘evil’ or ‘unclean spirits’ by which demoniacs 
were possessed or actuated. 

A Jewish application of the Greek word, anterior to Chris- 
tianity, Aamova is used several times by LXX to 
render DY shédim ‘lords, idols’, and DY Wye séeirim 
‘hairy ones’ (satyrs or he-goats), the latter also rendered 
paraa ‘vain things’. It is also uent in the ——_ 
(esp. in Tobit), and in the N..T., where in one instance (Matt. 
viil. 31) daiuoves occurs in same sense. In the Vulgate 

lly rendered di ium, pl. -ia, but once in O. T. 
(Lev. xvii. 7), and Lo 10 places in N.T. (8 in St. Matthew) 


retain devil, -s, in the text, with the literal translation de. 
mon, -s, in the in. Quite distinct from this is the word 
properly translat 


the plural. It is owing to this substitution of devi in the 
Bible versions, that demon is not found. 0 ea 1 this, as 
in the sense b, which arose out of this tification. 

1706 Scripture, 


possessed Hurtcuinson 

Hist, Mass. 11. i. 16 A you women -ongpiaed 80 Be pes. 

sessed with demons. 1865 Moz.ey A/irac. 201 note, 
stood to d and evil 


relation in which these p 

spirits, 188 N.T. (R.V.) ¥ohn x. 20 He hath adevil (mang 

Cr. demon) and is sad why hear ye him? 1885 O. T.(R. 4) 

Deut. xxxii. 17 They sacrificed unto demons, which were 

no God.—Ps. evi. 37. , 
b. In general current use: An evil spirit; a 

malignant being of superhuman nature; a devil. 

[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 11. xix. (1495) 45 For Demon 
is to vnderstonde knowynge And the deuyll hyghte soo for 
e.] a1400 Cov. ALyst. (Shaks. 
brenne, Mak 


Eis mt re ie ec 

medieval demons wee hors ee 
c. A to a person or 

sonified of malignant, cruel, terrible, or cakrelin 

nature, or of hideous appearance. (Cf. devil.) Y ott 


DEMONACHIZE. 


1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair in. v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 322/2 
‘ A caveat against cut-purses !’.. I’ faith, I would fain see 
that demon, your cut-purse you talk of. 1821 T’. G. WaINE- 
wricut in £ss. § Crit, (1880) 127 The grim demon of a 
bull-dog who interrupts the cat. 1822 Scorr Pirate xl, The 
Boatswain used to be staunch enough, and so is Goffe, 
though an incarnate demon, 1829 Carty.e A/isc. (1857) 11. 4 
The Tartar Khan, with his shaggy demons of the wilderness. 

d, fig. An evil passion or agency pervonitien. 

1712 Appison Sfect. No. 387 ® 11 Melancholy is a kind of 
Demon that haunts our Island. 1754Cuatnam Lett. Nephew 
v. 39 Reware..of Anger, that damon, that destroyer of our 
peace. 1809 Pinkney 7rav. France 86 ‘The demon of 
anarchy has here raised a superb trophy on a monument of 
ruins. Jed. Led astray by the demon of intemperance. 

8. attrib. and Comb. a. appositive (=that is a 
demon), as demon-companion, -god, -hag, -king, 
-lover, -mole, -snake; spec. applied collog. to one 
who seems more than human in the rapidity, cer- 
tainty, destructiveness, etc. of his play or perform- 
ance, as a demon bowler at cricket. b. simple 
attrib. and attrib. comb. (of, belonging, or relating 
to a demon or demons), as demon altar, -doctrine, 
herd, -land, life, -trap, -ship, -worship; demon- 
bird = DeviL-Birp; demon-kind (after mav- 
kind), the nature of demons; the race of demons; 
also @. demon-like adj. 

1863 W. Puiitirs Speeches iv. 57 The “demon altar of our 
land. 1840 J. Forwes 11 Years iu Ceylon (1841) 353, | first 
heard the wild and wailing cry of the gaulawa, or *demon- 
bird. 1883 Harfer's Mag. Nov. goo/t We do not want our 
boys..*demon bowlers. 1814 Byron Corsair 1. iv, Some 
Afrit sprite, Whose “demon death-blow left no hope for fight. 
1677 Gave Crt, Gentiles 1. 177 Al those *demon-doctrines 
--introduced by Antichrist and his Sectators. 1638 Mepre 
Gt. Apost. vi. Wks. (1672) 11. 635 A worshipper of *Dzemon- 
gods. 1814 Prophetess m. iv, Like the *demon-hags of 
Tartarus. 1774 J. Bryanr MJythol. 1. 141 Among all the 
*dzemon herd what one is there of a form .. so odious .. as 
Priapus. 1890 E. H. Barker Wayfaring in Fr. 13 That 
small *demon-insect, the mosquito. 1857 Tait's Mag. 
XXIV. 378 The sentences, on all mankind and *demonkind. 
1859 G.Witson Life E. Forbes i, 29 Grim or gentle visitants 
from *Demonland or Fairyland. 18gr Mayne Reto Sca/f. 
Hunt. xi, 82 They seem endowed with *demon life. 1822 
E. Natuan Langreath III. 416 *Demon-like horrors. 1767 
Cocerioce Axbla Khan 16 Woman wailing for her *demon- 
lover. 18a Keats /sadel xlv, And let Ais spirit, like a 
*demon-mole, Work through the clayey soil and gravel hard. 
1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles 111. 56 The *Demon-theology..was 
brought into the Christian Church first by the ‘Gnostics. 
Lbid., By this their *demon-worship. 

Demo: e (démgnakoiz), v. [f. Dz- II. 
1+ L. monach-us monk + -128.] trans. To deprive 
of monks. 

1820 D. Turner Tour in Normandy 11. 24 So thoroughly 
- had the Normans demonachised Neustria. 

Demonargerie. xonce-wd. [f. Demon, after 
menagerie.| An assemblage of demons. 

1848 /ait's Mag. XV. 433 Slavery ..unless it had been 
now and then checked, would have transformed the earth 
ere now into a demonagerie, 

+Demonagogue. Os. [i. as next + dywyds 
drawing forth.] A means of expelling a demon. 

1786 Ferriar in Mem. Lit. §& Philos. Soc. Manchester 
(1790) III. 74 Dr. Thoner extols mercurius vite, as remark- 
ably useful in expelling preternatural substances from the 
body Almost every man had his favourite demonagogue. 

+ Demonarch. Obs. [f. as next + Gr. dpxds 
chief.] A ruler of demons; a chief demon. 

1778 H. Farmer Lett, Worthington ii. (R.), The false sup- 
position, that the Jews held only one prince of demons ; and 
that demonarch was a term never applied by them to any 
but to the Devil. ; 
-+Demonarchy. Ods. [f. Gr. daipov, Sarpov- 
(see Demon) + -apxia, dpx7 sovereignty, rule.] The 
tule or dominion of a demon. 

¢ 1643 Maximes Unfolded 8, Demonarchie, or the Domi- 
nion of the Divell. 1677 GaLe Crt. Gentiles ut, 231 Al that 
pretended Hierarchie or Demonarchie which the Emperor, 
as supreme Head in al maters Civil and Ecclesiastical, 
assumed. 

Demoness (dz‘ménés). ; 
A female demon ; a she-devil. 

a Mepe A fost. Later Times (1641) 31 The Sichemites 
ow a Godd or D; under the name of 
Jephta’s daughter. 1856 Titan Mag. Aug. 190/2 That 
smiling demoness, his mother. 1879 M. D. Conway De- 
monol. I. u. iv. 117 A demoness who sometimes appears just 
before the floods. 

Demonetization (démpnttoizz'-fon). [f. next 
+ -ATION, The action of demonetizing, or condi- 
tion of being demonetized. 

1852 T. Hankey (¢it/e), Faucher's Remarks ..on the 
Production of the Precious Metals, and on the Demonetiza- 
tion of Gold in several Countries in Europe. 1852 A. 
Jounson Observ. Supplies of Gold 3 The demonetization of 
the Dutch Gold coin was effected at that time. 1863 Fawcetr 
Pol. Econ. 11. xv.(1876) 488 Partial demonetization of silver, 

Demonetize (dtmp'nétaiz), v, [ad. mod.F. dé. 
monetise-r (Dict. Acad. 1835), f. De- I. 6 + L. 
monéta money: see -1ZK.] trans. To deprive of 
standard monetary value; to withdraw from use as 
money. Hence Demo:netized Af/.a., -izing vd/.sb. 

1852 T. Hanxey tr. Faucher’s Product. Precious Metals 
31 On August 6, 1849, the Government laid before the As- 
sembly the scheme of a law to ‘demonitise’ the pieces of 
five and ten florins. 1853 T. Witson Fottings on Money 
83 Merchants not understanding the demonetising of gold 
by ~ _ 1850, 1876 Fawcetr Pol, Econ. 11. xv. 

OL, . 


[f. Demon + -zss.] 


185 


487 Germany has, within the last few years, demonetised 
silver, 1879 Daily News 21 May 3/1 To keep up the price 
of the demonetised metal. 

Demonette (dimone't). once-wil. 
Demon: see -ETTE.] A little demon. 

1854 Carouine Fox Mem. Old Friends (1882) 298 Baby 
tortoises, most exquisite black demonettes, an inch and a 
half long, with long tails. 

Demoniac (d/médwni&k), a. and sd. Forms; 
4-5 demoniak (-yak), 5-7 -acke, 5-8 -ack, 6-7 
-ake, 7 -aque, (de-), 7-demoniac. [ad. late L. 
demoniac-us ie Tertullian ¢ 200), a. Gr. type 
*Saporiax-ds, f, Satpdviov : see DEMON. ] 

A. aj. 1. Possessed by a demon or evil spirit. 
€ 1386 Cuaucer Sompn. T. 532, 1 hold him certeinly de- 
moniak, 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour C vij, The lady wente 
oute of her wytte and was al demonyak a long tyme. 1542 
Boorve Dyetary xxxvii. (1870) 298 Lunatycke, or frantycke, 
or demonyacke. a@ 1612 DonNE Bradavaros (1644) 217 That 
the Kings of Spaine should dispossess Damoniaque persons. 
1647 H. More Song of Soul 1, u. xxix, Magick can onely 
quell natures Damoniake. ¢ x81x Fusevt Lect. Art v. (1848) 
471 The demoniac boy among the series of frescoes at Grotta 
Ferrata. 1813 Examiner 15 Mar. 165/1 This... idea .. 
operated upon the demoniag spirit of the wretch. 
b. Pertaining to demoniacal possession. 

1674 Mitton ?. LZ. (ed. 2) x1. 485 Demoniac phrenzy, 
moping melancholy, And moon-struck madness. a 1814 
Prophetess u. vii, As with demoniac energy possess'd ! 

2. Of or pertaining to demons. 

1642 Mitton A fod. Smect. (1851) 275 This is the Demoniack 
legion indeed. 1671 — P. RX. 1v. 628 He .. Shall chase thee 
.. From thy demoniack holds, possession foul. 1669 Gate 
Crt. Gentiles 1. u. vi. 71 The mourning of the Demoniac 
Spirits, for the death of their great God Pan. 1882 Farrar 
Early Chr. Il. 266, | agree with those who see in this 
vision a purely demoniac host. 4 

8. Characteristic of or befitting a demon; devilish. 

1820 Hazuiit Lect. Dram. Lit. 179 Wrought up to a pitch 
of demoniac scorn and phrensy. 1854 Mrs. GaskeELt North 
§ S. xxii, It was as the dwmoniac desire of some terrible 
wild beast for the food that is withheld from his ravening. 
1862 ‘Tynpatt Mountaincer, i. 3 The spirit of life .. is ren- 
dered demoniac or angelic. 4 

4. Of the nature of a demon or in-dwelling spirit ; 
= DEMonIc 2. 

1844 Masson Ess., Three Devils (1856) 171 Goethe and 
Niebuhr generalised in the phrase ‘the demoniac [ed. 1874 
p. 288 demonic] element’ that mystic something which they 
seemed to detect in all men of unusual potency among their 
fellows. /éid., The demoniac element ina man .. may in 
one case be the demoniac of the etherial and celestial, in 
another the demoniac of the Tartarean and infernal. 1856 
W.E. Forster in T. W. Reid £7 (1888) I. viii. 306 Denying 
. .that demoniac element in man which is the very fire of God. 


[dim. of 


1. One possessed by a demon or evil spirit. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Sompx. T. 584 He nas no fool, ne no 
demoniak, 1483 Caxton Cato E viij b, And helyth the 
demonyackes or madde folke. 1546 Lanciey Pol. Vere. De 
Invent, 1. xviii. 33a, To banish the Spirit out of y* De- 
moniake. 1665 Boye Occas. Refi. 1. x. (1845) 226 Possessed 
by it as Deemoniacks are possessed by the Divel. 1717 BERKE- 
Ley in Fraser Life (1871) 580 The demoniacs of S. Andrea 
della Valle. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. x. (1879) 221 They 
looked like so many demoniacs who had been fighting. 

+2. Eccl. Hist, (See quot.) Ods. 

1727-5 CHambers Cycl., Demoniacs, are also a party or 
branch of the Anabaptists, whose distinguishing tenet it is, 


that the devils shall be saved at the end of the world. 1847 
in Craic, and later Dicts. 
Demoniacal (dzménoi-akal), a. (sd.)_ [f. as 


prec. +-AL,] a. Of or pertaining to demons. b. 
= Demoniac, rb. e. Befitting or of the nature 
of a demon; devilish, fiendish. 

Demoniacal possession: the possession of a man by an 
indwelling demon or evil spirit, formerly held to be the 
cause of some species of insanity, epilepsy, etc. 

1614 Br, Hatt Recoll. Treat, 883 In the Popish Churches 
-, their ridiculous, or demoniacall service, who can endure ? 
1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. ut. 35 Extaticall and demo- 
niacall persons. /6/d. 1. ii. 1. vii, Imaginary dreams are of 
divers kinds, natural, divine, demoniacal, etc. 168r Hat- 
LYWELL Melampr, 78 (T.) A notable instance of demoniacal 
Possession. 1741 WaArBuRTON Div. Legat. 1x. Notes Wks. 
1811 VI. 391 The Possessions recorded in the Gospel. .called 
demoniacal, 1856 Kane Arct, Exfl. I. xxviii. 367 Menacing 
and demoniacal expressions, 1858 Lyrron What will He 
dou. xi, His bere with a demoniacal usher. 1877 Back 
Green Past. x\, (1878) 323 The temper of the mistress of the 
house. .of such a demoniacal complexion. 

Hence Demoni-acally adv. : 

1819 G. S. Faper Diésfens. (1823) I. 345 Demoniacally 

ossessed. 1865 L, OripHanr Piccadilly (1870) 102 She 

looked at me. .demoniacally. 2 

Demoniacism (dimonoi‘asiz’m). rave.-° ‘The 
state of being a demoniac; the practice of de- 
moniacs’ (Craig 1847). 

1848 WensTer cites MiLMAN. 

+ Demoniacle, z. Ods. Also -yakyl. [a. 
OF. demoniacle, the usual representative of L. 
demoniac-us : cf. OF. triacle, TREACLE, L. ¢hériaca.] 
= Demoniac. 

¢ 1500 Melusine 314 Whiche, thrugh arte demonyacle, hath 
myserably suffred deth. 1503 Kalender of Sheph., Of Yre, 
The man yrews ys lyk to oon demonyaky! ‘ 

Demornial, a. rare. [a. OF. demonial, prob. 
med.L. *demonial-is, f. demonium: see DEMON 
and -AL.] Of or relating to a demon or demons ; 
also, of the nature of a demon, demoniacal. 

1675 R. BurtHoccEe Causa Dei 310 To hear Diotima de- 


DEMONISM. 


scribing the Demonial Nature. 1678 Cupwortn Jutel?. Syst, 
1. iv. $14. 264 No one who acknowledges Demonial things, 
can deny Demons. 1849 Sédonia 11. 287 Because of the 
spell which the demonial sorceress laid on them, 

Demoniality (démounijzeliti). rare. [f. prec. 
+ -ITy.] The nature of demons; the realm of 
demons, demons collectively. (Cf. spirituality.) 

1879 (¢/¢/c), Demoniality ; or Incubi and Succubi.. by the 
Rev, Father Sinistrari, of Ameno .. now first translated into 
English. 1891 Sat. Rev. 2 May 543/2 The old wives’ fables 
- are those of demoniality, black masses, etc, , 

Demonian (diméwnian), a. [f. L. demont-um 
(see DEMON) + -AN.] Of, relating to, or of the 
nature of, a demon or demons. 

1671 Mitton P. 2. 1. 122 Princes, Heaven’s ancient sons, 
ethereal thrones, Demonian spirits now. 1790 H. Boyp 
Sheph. Lebanon in Poet. Reg. (1808) 146 Demonian visions. 
1833 THirtwate in Philod. Museum 11.582 So far as we can 
find our way in this truly dzmonian twilight. o Zait's 
Mag. VII. 410 Against such dzmonian manifestations. 

Hence + Demo‘nianism, the doctrine of demo- 
niacal possession. 

174r WarsurTON Div, Legat, 1x. Wks. 1788 III. 775 An 
error, which so dreadfully affected the ialipien they were 
entrusted to propagate, as Demonianism did, if it were an 
error. 1762 — Doctrine of Grace i. vii. (1763) II. 161 To 
ascribe both to Enthusiasm or Demonianism. 

[Here some modern edd. have Demoniasmt, which has 
thence passed into Latham and later Dicts.] 

+Demorniast. Obs. rave-'. [f. after Gr. 
agent-nouns in -agrns, f. -dew, -4¢ev.] One who 
has dealings with demons, or with the devil. 

1726 De For /fist, Devil. x. (1840) 339 His disciples and 
emissaries, as witches and wizards, demoniasts, and the like. 

+Demorniat, 2. Obs. [corresp. to Pr. de- 
moniat, OCat. dimoniat, from L. demoniac-us : 
see DEMonIACc.] Demoniacal, devilish. 

1623 Litncow. Trav. x. 201 This grim demoniat spight. 

Demoniartic, a. rarve—'. = prec. 

1880 P. GittmorE Ox Duty 10 Tragedies as cola-blooded 
and demoniatic as ever occurred, 

Demonic (d/tnynik), @ Also dem-,  [ad. 
L. demonic-us, a. Gr. Baipovix-ds of or pertaining 
to a demon, possessed by a demon, f. daipay, 
Saipov-: see DEMON and -1¢.] 

1, Of, belonging to, or of the nature of, a demon 
or evil spirit ; demoniacal, devilish. 

1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 68 Convulsive and even Demonic 
postures. 1738G. Smirn Curious Relat. 1. iv. 518 Somany 
Demonick Delusions. 1840 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 197 
‘Fotuns,’ Giants, huge shaggy beings of a demonic character. 
1886 2. Rev. Oct. 53 The traditional demonic proposal, ‘1 
will be your servant here, and you shall be mine hereafter’. 

2. Of, relating to, or of the nature of, superna- 
tural power or genius=Ger. démonisch (Gothe) : 
cf. Demon 1, (In this sense usually spelt desonic 
for distinction.) 

1798 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXVI. 491 In his im- 
mature youth he had detected within himself a something 
demonic. 1854 LowELt Cambridge 30 Yrs. Ago Pr. Wks. 
1890 I. 87 Shall I take Brahmin Alcott's favorite word, and 
call hima Demonic man? [1874 see Demoniac 4.] 1879 
Firzceratp Lett. (1889) I. 447 There is enough to show 
the Demonic Dickens: as pure an instance of Genius as 
ever lived. 1887 Saintspury Hist, Elizab, Lit. vii. (1890) 
258 If they have not the demonic virtue of a few great 
dramatic poets, they have .. plentiful substitutes for it. 

Demonical (démg'nikal), a. Now rare or Obs. 
[f as prec. +-AL.] 

- =prec, I. 

1588 J. Harvey Discours. Probl. 79 Without any..mix- 
ture of demonicall, or supernaturall Magique. 1603 Hot- 
LAND Plutarch’s Mor. 1299 That Typhon was some fiend 
or dzmonicall power. 1607 Torsety Hour. Beasts (1658) 
127 Falsly imputing this demonical illusion to divine revela- 
tion. 1652 GauLE Magastrom. 334 Examples of demonicall 
familiars. 1820 Examiner No. 621. 148/1 To attribute de- 
monical propertiestoGod. 1836 J. H. Newman Par. Sern. 
(ed. 2) II. iil. 38 This divine inspiration was so far parallel 
to demonical possession. 

+2. =Demoniac 1. Obs. 

1626 L. Owen Sec. Fesuit. (1629) 43 The people .. made 
no more account of her words than of a Demonical creature. 

+ Demoni'craty. Olds. rare-°. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Demonicratie, the Government of 
divels. 

Demorniculture. wonce-wd. [See Currurn.] 
Demon-worship, demonolatry. 

1879 M. D. Conway Demonol. I. 1. x. 239 Much ..is but 
elaborate demoniculture. 

Demonifuge (dimp'nifizdz). nonce-wd. ff. 
L. demon (DEMON) + -FUGE, L. -fugus chasing 
away.] Something used to drive away demons; 
a charm against demons. 

1790 Pennant London (1813) 271 Isabella .. I hope was 
wrapped in the friar’s garment, for few stood more in need 
ofadzmonifuge, 1848 Soutney Comm.-pl. Bk. 111.771 Salt 
a demonifuge. 

Demonish (dzmonif), a. rare. [f. Demon + 
*ISH.] Of the nature of a demon; demonic. 

1863 Drarer Jutell. Devel. Europe vii. (1865) 159 He 
evoked two visible demonish imps. . 

b. as adv. (humorous.) ‘ Devilish’. 

1867 O. W. Hotmes Guard. Angel iv. (1891) 49 ‘It was a 
demonish hard case’, he said. 

Demonism (dimdniz’m). Also de-. ff. 
Demon +-18M.] Belief in, or doctrine of, demons. 

1699 Suarress, Eng. conc. Virtue 1. i. (1709) 2 Theism 

24 


DEMONIST. 
stands in opposition to d ism, and d good in 
a sngenes Deity. 1789 T. Jerrexson Writ. (1859) II. 553 


P merits of ath an 

Spectator 4 Feb. rge/2 The ridicule of the devil and his imps 
eo aeons phen ge ay prs ey ya ge 
upon the masses. 1 Antidote ay1 ief in 

denen and 9 a 
Demonist (di minist). Also de-. [f. Demon 
+-18t.] A believer in, or worshipper of, demons. 
1641 Dialogue Answered 6 One Marke a great D: i 


186 


so far as its demonolatriacal part is concerned. did, I11. 
The first authors of the demonolatric ere 
~~ Recapit, Apostasy 106 ‘The later or iy 
Christian Roman Empire. 1846 — Lett. Tractar, Secess. 
Popery 240 The predicted i Ap y 
E. Wurre Life in Christ w. xxvi. (2878) 434 Jerome ai 
Augusti >, those intol i the i 
‘apostasy’, as Mr, Isaac ‘Taylor has truly described them. 
1876 Br, Carpwett in Contemp. Rev. Feb. 370 Certain de- 
lators in the pi day .. display as plain signs of 


x699 Suarress. Eng. conc, Virtue 1. i. (1709) 2 To believe 
the governing Mind, or Minds, not absolutely and neces- 
sarily good .. but capable of acting according to mere will 
or fancy, is to be a demonist. 

Demonization (diménoizé'fon). [f. next: 
see -ATION.] The action of turning into, or repre- 
senting as, a demon. 

1799 W. T'ayLor in Robberds Mem. I. 204 I hope to atone 
to them for my demonizations. | 1879 M. D. Conway De- 
monol. I, uu. ve a ie demonisation’ of the forces and 
dangers of nature belongs to the structural action of the 


human mind. 

Demonize (diménaiz), v. [f. med.L. demo- 
nizare: cf. Gr. dapovit-ecOa passive, to be pos- 
sessed by a demon: see -1ZE.] 

1. “rans. To make into, or like, a demon; to 
render demoniacal; to represent as a demon. 

1821 Examiner 579/1 That subdued superstition, espion- 
age, and persecution .. more adequately demonises active 
hypocrisy and oppression. 1879 M. D. Conway Demonol. 
I. 1. iv. 26 In Persia the aswras—demonised in India—re- 
tained their divinity. 1888 Morning Post 12 Sept., Where 
men are brutalized, women are demonized, and children 
are brought into the world only to be inoculated with cor- 
ruption. 

2. To subject to demoniacal influence. 

1864 in Weester. 1888 Sat. Rev. 2 June 674 An alligator 
becomes ‘demonized’ and works the wicked will of a witch. 

Hence De‘monized, De‘monizing ///. a. 

1837 CartyLe Fr. Rev. u. v. iv, Black demonised squad- 
rons, 1857-8 Sears Athan. xi. 90 Demonizing passions. 
1883 Monier WitiiaMs Relig. Th. in [ndia ix. 234 Tenanted 
by .. demonized spirits of dead men, superhuman beings. 

Demono-, before a vowel demon-, repr. Gr. 
Baipovo-, combining form of Saipwv DEMON; oc- 
curring in various modern formations, as Demono:- 
cracy, the rule of demons; a ruling body of demons 
(quot. 1827), + Demono'machy, fighting with a 
demon, ‘+ Demono‘magy, magical art relating to 
demons. +De‘monoma:ncy, divination by the 
help of demons. Demono‘pathy, a mental disease 
in which the patient fancies himself, or acts as if, 
possessed by a demon, De:monopho'bia, fear of 
demons. Demono‘sopher (vovce-zwd.), one in- 
spired by a demon or by the devil (controversially 
opposed to ¢heosopher). Also DemonoGRarPHy, 
etc.: see below. 

1730-6 Baiey (folio), Demonocracy, the government of 
devils. 1815 W. H. [reLann Scribbleomania 282 A spirit 
.. By foul demonocracy wholly subdu'd. 1827 Sir H. Tayior 
Isaac Comnenus u. iii, A demonocracy of unclean spirits 
Hath govern'd long these synods of your Church. 1718 
D. Camppect (¢it/e), Daemonomachie or War with the Devil, 
in a short Treatise. a1808 Br. Hurp (L.), The author had 
rifled all the stores of demonomagy to furnish out an enter- 
tainment. 1652 GauLe J/agastrom. 165 Damonomancy, 
divining by the suggestions of evill damons or devils. 1865 
Cornh. Mag. Apr. 475 But what is demonopathy the Mor- 
zinois might reasonably have asked? What'was it that had 
come to their valley? 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Demonopathy, 
dzmonomania. 1888 J. Murpocn |W omen of India 16 This 
demonophobia was learned from their mothers. 1780 WESLEY 
Wks. (1872) IX. 518 [Behmen] .. ought to be styled a de- 
monosopher rather than a theosopher. 1881 Overton 
W. Law 198 Behmen was no ‘Demonosopher’ (to adopt 
Wesley’s happy phrase). 

Pea =oe (dimong’grafar). _[f. mod. 
L. demonograph-us, F. démonographe (17th c.), 
answering to a Gr. type *5ayovoypapos: see 
-GRAPH.] A writer on demons. 

1736 Battery (folio) Appendix (9 N 2) Demo her. 
1877 tr. Lacroix’ Sc. § Lit. Mid. Ages (1878) 201 Plotinus 
.. and his disciple Porphyrus .. who may be looked upon as 
the first demonographers of the Middle Ages. 1883 Muss 
R. H. Buskin NY. 40. 24 Nov. 4o1/2 Italian demonograj 
do not make any distinction between..a fairy and a witch. 

So Demo’nograph (= onal Demono'graphy. 

Cornh, Mag. X1. 485 Both these celebrated demono- 
gra concurring in the opinion. 1889 Cent. Dict., De- 
| ila the descriptive stage of demonology. O. 7. 


ason. 

Demonolatry (d/minp'litri). [f. Gr. type 
*Saipovo-Adrpaa (see -LATRY); in mod.F. démon- 
oldtrie (Littré).] _Demon-worship. 

1668 M. Casauson Credudity 38(T.) Nicholaus Remigius 
.. in his books of di latrie, doth profess [etc.}. -_ 
Cuvworrn Jntell. Syst. 593 Creature-worship, now vulgarly 
called idolatry—that is, for their cosmo-latry, astro-latry, 
and demono- . 1850 Rosertson Sermt, Ser, 11. ii. (1864) 
24 Somewhat like what we might now call demonolatry. 
1 M. Conway Demonol. 1. 1. xi. 258 The number 
seven holds an equally high degree of potency in Singhalese 
demonolatry. 

So Demono‘later, a demon-worshipper ; Demo- 
nolatri‘acal a., -la‘tric a., Demono'latrous 4., 
of, pertaining to, or of the nature of demon-wor- 
ship; Demono‘latrously adv. 


lp as ever were displayed eighteen hun- 
dred years ago. 


Demonology (diméng'lédzi). Also 7 -gie, 
7-9 de-. [mod. f. Gr. dalpor + -Aoya -LOGY : cf. 
F. démonologie (16th c. in Littré).] That branch 
of knowledge which treats of demons, or of beliefs 
about demons; a treatise on demons. 

1597 James I (¢it/e), Daemonologie, in Forme of a Dia- 
logue, diuided into three Bookes. c1645 Howett Lett. 
(1650) III. 37, I return you the Manuscript you lent me of 
Damonologie. 1651 Hoses Leviath, m1. xl. 256 The Greeks 
(from whose C arid D: logy .. their Religi 
became .. corrupted), 1775 H. Farmer Demoniacs N. 7. 
1. vii. 135 Di logy composed a very emi part of the 
Pythagorean and Platonic philosophy. 1857 WHEwett //ist. 
Induct. Sc. 1. 215 An imaginary mythology or di i] 


DEMONSTRATE. 


Le (d/mp'nstrab’l, de‘mfnstrab’!), 

a. [ad, L. démonstrabil-is, {.demonstrare: see Dx- 

MONSTRATE and -BLE.] Capable of demonstration. 

1. Capable of being shown or made evident. 
+b. occas. = Evident, ape t (obs.). 

c1q00 Rom, Rose 4691 1 w ..Shewe thee withouten 

— A thyng that is not prague se 1530 PALSGR. 3009/2 


Jemonst demonstrable. 1604 Oth, m1. iv. 142 
Some vn ‘d ise, Made demonstrable heere in 
Cyprus to him, Hath pudled his cleare Spirit. 1647 


Ciarenvon //ist, Red, vi. (:843) 292/t That it should be 
more demonstrable to the kingdom, than yet it was, that 
the war was, on his majesty’s part, purely dcuaubes. 

Crpper A fol. (1756) I. 46 In what shape they wou'd severally 


come out..was not then demonstrable to t deepest fore- 
sight. 1867 J. Hoce Microsc. u. i. 263 This body without 
d ble inf of a nucleus is ble of sub- 


any P 
dividing. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 158 Upon the 
yaso-motor nerves. .[it) has no demonstrable influence. 

2. Capable of being 
sively, 

1st Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. 1. xxiv, This is a certaine 
waye to fynde any touche line, and a demonstrable forme. 
1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. \xiii. (x61) 334 All points of 
Cc ristian doctrine are either demonstrable conclusions or 


proved clearly and conclu- 


sy: 
1875 E. Waite Life in Christ 1. xxi. (1878) 310 The apos- 
tolic demonology alone explains that paradox. 

So Demono‘loger, Demono‘logist, one who 
studies or is versed in demonology ; Demonolo‘gic 
a., of or pertaining to demonology ; Demonolo:- 
gical a., concerned with demonology ; Demono- 
lo'gically adv. 

a173% Nortu Exam. im. ix. § 7 (1740) 652 If the Devil 
himself .. could... have supplied more livid Defamation .. 
I am no Damonologer. 1749 Br. G. Lavincton Enthus. 
Meth. & Papists (1754) 11. 36 The former suffer purely (as 
Damonologists write) from the ration of Satan himself, 
or his Imps. 1801 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. X1. 44 
A metrical romance, of which his damonological studies 
were to supply the machinery, 1833 CaRLyLe Misc. (1857) 
III. 194 Working quite demonologically. 1834 H. Mitter 
Scenes & Leg. xx. tite) 291 He replied in the prescribed 
formula of thedemonologist. 1844 V. Brit. Rev. 1.153 The 
demonologic contest, in which the Evil One is .. driven 
off by the mystical artillery of the priest. 1886 Rocrrs 
Soc. Life Scotl. V1. xx. 269 Engaged in demonological 
inquiries. 

Demonomachy, -magy, -mancy: see Dr- 
MONO-. 

Demonomania (d7ménoméinia), [a. med. 
L. demonomania, {. Gr. daipwv, Sapovo- + MANTA, 
Aaipovoyavia was used in eccles. Gr. in a some- 
what different sense: see. next.) (See quot. 
1883.) 

1880 Sat. Rev. No. 1295. 249 Outbreaks of the epidemical 
demonomania to which every age is liable. 1883 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Damonomania, a kind of madness in which the 
patient fancies himself possessed by devils ; it isa variety 
of melancholia, originating in mistaken views on religious 
subjects. 

+ Demono'manie. 0és. [a. F. démonomanie 
(1580 in Hatzf.), ad. med.L. demonomania, a. 
eccles. Gr. da:povopavia foolish belief in demons, 
f. pavia MANIA.] Foolish belief in demons ; de- 
yotion to the subject of demonology. 

1623 Favine Theat. Hon. u. xiii. 208 Excelled in Demon- 
omanie all them that had gone before them, 1638 Sir T. 
Herpert 7'rav. (ed. 2) 231 They .. abolisht their celestial 
worship, and (as Strabo relates) received Demonomanie, 
continued till Mahomet. 

+Demonomist. Oés. [f. as Demonomy + 
-1sT.] A believer in or worshipper of demons. 

1638 Sir I. Hervert 7rav. (ed. 2) 302 The idolaters be- 
yond all e grosse D [bid. 329 Celebes 
.. well peopled, but with bad people ; no place ingendring 
greater Demonomists. 

+ Demonomy (d/mp'ndmi). Obs. [app. short- 
ened from demononomy, f. Gr. daipov Demon, with 
ending of astronomy, ctc.] Belief in demons, 
demon-worship. 

1638 Sir T. Herwerr Trav. (ed. 2) 8 Howbeit the divell.. 
has infused demonomy and igious idolatry into their 
hearts. /id. 306 Drunk with abominable demonom 


superstition. 1665 /did. (1677) 365 ‘These Javans are nk 
in Demonomy. 
Demonopathy, -phobia: see DEMono-. 
De-monopolize (dimfng'pileiz), v. [f Dr- 


Il. 1 + Monopouize.] ¢rans. To destroy the 
monopoly of, withdraw from monopoly. 

x . A. Wensrer in Encyel. Brit. VI. 154/1 Since the 
expiry of the contract the mines [of Colombia] have been 
demonopolized. 

Demonosopher: see DEMono-. 

Demo: (dimonri), [f. Demon + -Ry: cf. 
devilry. moniacal influence or practices. 

@ 1851 Joanna Bartz (O.), What demonry, thinkest thou, 


possesses Varus? 
Demonship (dimonfip). rare. [f. as prec. + 
-SHIP.] The rank or condition of a demon, 
1638 Meve Afost. Later Times (1641) — They com- 
b stoa h 


menced Heroes, who were as Pre 


Demonstrabi'lity. [f. next + -1y.] The 
quality or condition of being demonstrable. 
18a5 CoLertpce Aids Ref. 87) 161 note, The Demonstra- 


bility required would countervene all the purposes of the 
Truth, 1870 M. Wittiams Fuel of Sun § 17% 115 Their 


1016 G. S. Faser Orig. Pagan Idol, 1. 394 A religion .. 


rability, 


e ‘i 


ative Pp H. More PAilos. Writ. Pref. 
Gen, (1712) 13 Ie being so math ically d ble that 
there is that which is properly called Spirit. 1745 Fre-pinc 
True Patriot Wks. 1775 1X. 334 With numberless other 
propositions equally plain and demonstrable. 1864 Bowen 
L 7 id xi. 374 Propositions are also said to be demonstrable, 

if they require or admit of proof. 
Hence Demo‘nstrableness = DEMONSTRABILITY. 
1675 J. Smitn Chr. Relig. Appeal 1. 30 The irrefragable 
ereof. 1706 S. Crarke Evid. Nat. & 
rableness both of 


demonstrableness th 
Rev. Relig. 282 (L.) The natural demonst: 
the gbligations and motives of morality. 

mo‘nstrably, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] 

1. In a way which admits of demonstration; so 
as to be demonstrable. 

1642 Cuas. I Declar, at York 11 June 6 Orders Evidently 
and Demonstrably contrary to all known Law Reason, 
1659 Hammonp On Ps. xxxiii. 7 Annot. 180 Demonstrably 
ofa gibbous, circular form. 1738 Berxecey A /ciphr. vu. § 1 
A thing demonstrably and palpably false. 1873 M, Arnotp 
Lit. & Dogma (1876) 143 They were also demonstrably liable 
to commit mistakes in argument. 

2. In the way of demonstration; by demonstra- 
tion. 

1649 Jep. Tavior Gt. E.vemp. ui. 
what 2 lemonstrably proved, is forced 
tion of his choice. 1754 Epwarps Freed. 


vi. 11. He who beleeves 
the demonstra- 


1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy ww. xxxv, A fynall demon- 
Pina Sothfast shewing, and signifyaunce — 


Caxton Fason 27b, : 
straunces that he..toke upon him the charge, 


| Godfrey 246 For demonstraunce that oure lord and his dere 


moder oure lady shold gyue to them vyctorye, [they] toke 
the baner of Tasers: ant patte it on ba Ypon ihe chirche 
of oure lady. 1894 Carew 7asso (1881) 12 He plaine de- 
monstrance gaue, Th’ allowance longs to le t' adde 
Ihaue. 1627 Br. M. Wren Serm, 11 What Semonstrance 
withall he must make of the same. ee tees Royal 
Converts 252 Blessings sublunary prove kind demon- 
strances of Gracious Love. 

2. Demonstration ; prot, eis is 

x Caxton Afyrr. mt xviii, 175 In prew 

ie rary denmemmnenen aed csias thiel the Sonne 
is gretter than alle therthe is, 1603 Hottanp Pinos 


Mor. 303 (R.) Good and d 
many Calamities peevish obstipacy is the cause, R. 
Junius Cure Misprision (L.), If one or a few sinfull acts 
were a sufficient of an hypocrite, what would 
of all the elect? het 
8. Setting forth of a plaintiff's case; =DEMmon- 
STRATION 4. 


Demo [f. L. démonstrant-em, pr. 
pple. of démonstrare: see -Ant.) One who de- 
monstrates or takes in a public demonstration, 

1868 Pall Mall G. 18 Aug. 3 The demonstrants would, in 
any case, have been obliged to seek shelter. 1887 Scott. 
Leader 14 Nov. 5 Mingling with the more part 
of the demonstrants are a great many roughs. 

De-monstratable, a. rare. [f. DEMONSTRATE 
v. +-ABLE.] = DEMONSTRABLE, 

1865 Herscuet in Fortin, Rev. July 440 (Origin of Force) 
It is a fact dynamically 

+Demonstrate, a. and sb. Obs. [ad. L. 
démonstrat-us, pa. pple. of démonstrare ; see prec.) 
Demonstrated. a@. as fa. 

1571 Dicces Pantom. iv. xxv. Ggb, Manyfolde mo. .pro- 

than may. .(I will not saye demonstrate, but 
be declared. Bacon Adv, Learn, 1, V. $2 
propositions of Euclyde. .till they bee demonstrate, they 


DEMONSTRATE. 


seeme strange to our assent, 1671 True Nonconf. 305, I have 

already demonstrat, in the second Dialogue, that [etc.]. 

1707 EK. Warv Hudibras Rediv, 1. xv, Human knowledge 

first commences From Things demonstrate to our Senses. 
b. as adj. 

1s0o9 Hawes Past. Pleas. vin. viii, And by scripture wyll 
make demonstrate Outwardly accordynge to the thought. 
1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1. 7 O! a plaine demonstrate cause, 
and a good resolution. 

sb. A demonstrated proposition or truth. 

1655-60 Srantey //ist. Philos. (1701) 181/2 Of Analysis 
there are three kinds, one..whereby we ascend by demon- 
strates and subdemonstrates, to indemonstrable immediate 
propositions. 

Demonstrate (dimp‘nstre't, de-mfnstreit), v. 
[f& L. démonstrat-, ppl. stem of démonstrare to 
point out, show, prove, f. De- I. 3 + monstrare to 
show, point out. For the shifting of the stress sce 
ConTEMPLATE. Both pronunciations appear in 
Shaks.] 

+1. ¢rans. To point out, indicate; to exhibit, 
set forth. Obs. Const. szmple obj. or obj. clause. 
(So in the other trans. senses.) 

1552 Hutoet, Demonstrate, indico, monstro. 1863 SHUTE, 
Archit. Dijb, In the which bodye of the pedestall is demon- 
strated Ichnographia. 1599 Suaks. //en. V’, 1v. ii. 54 Descrip- 
tion cannot sute it selfe in words, To demonstrate the Life 
of such a Battaile. @ 1633 Austin A/edit, (1635) 90 That the 
Starre stooped downe to Earth and sent forth greater and 
clearer Beames then before to demonstrate not onely the Place, 
but the very Child. 1650 Cromwe tt Leé. 4 Sept., Coming to 
our quarters at night, and demonstrating our apprehensions 
to some of the colonels, they also cheerfully concurred. 1684 
R. H. School Recreat. 148 We come next to demonstrate the 
‘Time not proper, i.e. Unseasonable Angling. .is when [etc.]. 

+ 2. To make known or exhibit by outward indi- 
cations ; to manifest, show, display. Ods. 

1s99 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 312/1 If..it be 
the Canker, it will after the third time demonstrate it selfe 
with a little knobbe or tumor. 1600 Saks. A. ¥. Z. i. 
ii. goo Euerie thing about you, demonstrating a carelesse 
desolation. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7yav. 157 They be very 
apt on prompt occasions, to demonstrate valour and resolu- 
tion. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav, xxviii, 111 By this 
Figure these Idolaters would demonstrate that she was the | 
Queen of the fiery sphear. 1734 tr. Rodlin's Anc. Hist. (1827) 
I. 99 No people ever demonstrated such extent of genius. 
1803 WELLINGTON in Owen Desf. 224 His Highness has de- 
monstrated the most implicit confidence in the protection of | 
the British power, . 

b. To express (one’s feelings) demonstratively. 

1855 THackeray Newcomes 11. 339 Paul was a personage 
who demonstrated all his sentiments, and performed his 
various parts in life with the greatest vigour. | 

3. ‘To describe and explain by help of a specimen | 
or specimens, or by experiment, as a method of 
teaching a science, e.g. anatomy, chemistry ; also 
absol. to teach as a demonstrator. | 

1683 Rosinson in Ray's Corr. (1848) 133 Monsieur Tourne- | 
fort, a Languedoc man .. demonstrates now the plants in 
the King’s Garden here. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith Introd. 
§ 2. 2 note, The anatomist demonstrates, when he points out 
matters of fact cognisable by the senses, @ 1859 Dr Quincey 
in H. A. Page Life (1877) II. xx. 307 They will do me too 
much honour by *demonstrating’ on such a crazy body as 
mune, 

4. To show or make evident by reasoning ; to 
establish the truth of (a proposition, etc.) by a 
process of argument or deduction ; to prove beyond 
the possibility of doubt. 

1571 Diccres Pantom, 1. xx. Fiijb, This Lemma... or 
proposition I minde to demonstrate. 1646 Sir T’. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. 1. ix, Archimedes demonstrates. .that the pro- 
portion of the Diameter unto the Circumference is as 7 
almost unto 22. 1691 Ray Creation (1701) 43 The best 
medium we have to demonstrate the Being of a Deity. 
1754 Suertock Dise, (1759) I. iv. 153 Few Workmen can de- 
monstrate the mechanic Powers of the Instruments they 
use. 1814 D’Israeit Quarrels Auth. (1867) 355 What others 
conjectured, and some discovered, Harvey demonstrated. 
1860 TyNpALt Glac. 11. xxx. 404 The existence of this state 
of strain may be demonstrated. 

b. absol. 

1604 SHAKs. Oh. 11. iii, 431 This may helpe to thicken 
other proofes, ‘hat do demonstrate thinly. 1669 Gate Crt. 
Gentiles 1. Introd. 4 A Mathematician, whose office it is 
to demonstrate. J. Martineau &ss. Il. 46 Euclid 
had to demonstrate before there could be a philosophy of 
geometry. id 

e. Of things: To prove. 

r6ox Suaxs. Ad/’s Weil. ii. 47 A copie to these yonger 
times ; Which followed well, would demonstrate them now 
But goers backward. 1802 Parry Nat. Theol. iii. (1819) 18 
It is a matter which experience and observation demonstrate. 
1860 ‘I'yNDALL Glac. 11. xvii. 324 The crevassing of the eastern 
side of the glacier. .does not. .demonstrate its slower motion. 

5. intr. To make a military demonstration ; to 
make or take part in a public demonstration. 

1827 £. iner 297/1 ‘The Spanish army has been so long 
allowed to demonstrate on the Portuguese frontier. 1882 
Blackw. Mag. July 13 There is not water enough for us to 
go and demonstrate inside the bay. 1888 Bryce Amer. 
Comme. U1. 111. 1xxiii. 604 The habit of demonstrating with 

ds and banners and emblems. 
tb. trans. (causal.) Obs. rare—". 

i Netson in Nicolas Desf. V. 71, I have demonstrated 
the Victory off Brest, and am now going to seek the 
in the ocean. 

Hence Demonstrated ///.a., Demonstratedly 
adv., Demonstrating vb/. sb. and ffi. a. 

1650 B. Discolliminium 20 There are demonstratin and 
determining Providences. 1676 Newton in Phil. Trans. 


187 


XI. 703 To examine a demonstrated proposition. 1678 Cup- 
wortu /xtell, Syst. 145 (R.) A clear foundation for the de- 
monstrating of a Deity distinct from the corporeal world. 
1881 Froupe High Ch. Revival, Short Stud, Ser. ww. (1883) 
213 A holy life, it was demonstratedly plain to me, was no 
monopoly of the sacramental system. 1888 Daily News 
4 June 3/1 Demonstrating bodies from all parts of London 
. assembled on the Embankment. 

Demonstration (demfnstréifon). [ad. L. 
démonstration-em, n. of action from démonstrare 
to DEMONSTRATE : perh. immed. a. F. démonstra- 
tion (14th c. in Oresme), a refashioning of OF. 
demustretson, -aison, intermediate form demon- 
strotson.] 

+1. The action of showing forth or exhibiting ; 
making known, pointing ‘out ; exhibition, mani- 
festation ; also an instance of this, Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 368 By demonstracion The man was 
founde with the good. 14.. £piph. in Tundale's Vis. 117 
Of a schynyng by demonstracyon Is fanos seyd. — 1530 
Patscr. 146 Of adverbes..Some betoken demonstration & 
serve to shewe or poynt to a dede. 1568 Grarron Chron. 
II. 172 For the open apparaunce, and demonstracion of this 
godly concorde. @ 1633 W. Austin Jledit. (1635) 177 Christ 
preaching to save him [St. Thomas]. .shewes himselfe (by 
demonstration) unto him, 1668 R. Wa tis (¢7¢/e!, Room 
for the Cobler of Gloucester and his Wife, with Several 
Cartloads of Abominable, Irregular, Pitiful, Stinking Priests, 
also a Demonstration of their Calling. 

b. Outward exhibition of feeling. 

1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. xv. 358 Demonstration, be 
it in movements that rise finally to spasms and contortions, 
or be it in sounds that end in laughter and shrieks and 
groans. 

+e, That by which something is shown or made 
known ; an illustration ; a sign, indication. Oés. 

1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse Pref. Avjb, Divisinge 
sundry newe Tables, Pictures. demonstrations and pra- 
ceptes. 1963 Suute Archit, Bija, Makynge demonstra- 
tions to a Latine worke with Greke letters. 1684 R. H. 
School Recreat. 130 Cock Fighting..A Scarlet Head is a 
Demonstration of Courage, but a Pale and Wan of Faint- 
ness. .[These qualities] are Demonstrations of Excellency 
and Courage. 

2. A display, show, manifestation, exhibition, ex- 
pression. a. adsol. (obs.); b. with of 

a. 1556 Aurelio § sab. (1608) C, With my tormented 
demonstrations and great boldnes..I overcame hir. 1632 
J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 136 Beleeving those 
affectionate-seeming demonstrations to be really true. 1653 
H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. iv. 11 We gave them a great 
peal of Ordnance..beating our Drums, and sounding our 
‘Trumpets, to the end that by these exterior demonstrations 
they might conclude we regarded not the Turks awhit. 

b. 1605 SHaks. Lear iv. iii. 12 Did your letters pierce 
the queen to any demonstratiorf of grief? 1769 Robertson 
Chas. 1’, I. 1v. 252 Great were the outward demonstrations 
of love and confidence between the two Monarchs. 1855 
Prescott Philip 7, I. ii. 14 She seemed to think any de- 
monstration of suffering a weakness. 

3. The action or process of demonstrating or 
making evident by reasoning; the action of prov- 
ing beyond the possibility of doubt bya process of 
argument or logical deduction or by practical 
proof; clear or indubitable proof; also (with f/.) 
an argument or series of propositions proving an 
asserted conclusion. 

To demonstration : to the certainty of a demonstrated and 
indisputable fact ; conclusively. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sompx. 7.516 In ars metrik schal ber no 
man fynde..of such a questioun Who schulde make a de- 
monstracioun. 1553 Epen 7reat. New /nd. To Rar. (Arb.) 
10 Most certayne and apparente demonstracions of Geome- 
trye. & Man Musculus’ Commonfpl, 141 a, Not meete for 
any wise body to beleue the word of matters vnknowen, set 
forth without any Syllogisticall demonstration. 1650 ‘I’. 
Rupp Pract. Geom. Biv, A Hundred Questions with their 
Solutions and Demonstrations. 1690 Locke Hm. Und. 
Iv. ii. (1695) 305 Those intervening Ideas, which serve to 
shew the agreement of any two others, are called Proofs ; 
and where the agreement, or disagreement is by this means 

lainly and clearly perceived, it is called Demonstration, it 

ing shewn to the Understanding, and the Mind made see 
that it is so. 1730 SourHatt Bugs 25 "Tis apparent to a 
Demonstration, that from every Pair..about two hundred 
Eggs..are produced. 1876 Jevons Elem. Logic (1880) 33 
A demonstration is either Direct or /udirect. In the latter 
case we prove the conclusion by disproving the contra- 
dictory, or shewing that the conclusicn cannot be supposed 
untrue, 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 236 He proved to 
demonstration the soundness of the Fodgonat he had formed. 

b. That which serves as proof or evidence; an 
indubitable proof. 

©3374 Cuaucer Boeth.u. iv. 44 1t hap ben shewid and proued 
by ful manye demonstraciouns as I woot wel bat pe soules of 
men ne mowen nat dien in no wise. apg le et Errors 
Cens, 31 The Circulation of the Blood is a Demonstration of 
an Eternall Being. 1 tr, Du Mont’s Voy. Levant 18 
Found nothing..but a Book of Psalms, which was a suffi- 
cient Demonstration .. that I had been a Hugonot. 1726 
Adv, Capt. R. Ad 269 Told me.. I should have Demon- 
stration of her Infidelity. 1804 WELLINGTON in Owen Desf. 
630 Additional demonstrations of those views have appeared 
since the renewal of the war. 

4. Kom. Law. The statement of the cause of 
action by the plaintiff in presenting his case. 

1864 J. N. Pomeroy /utrod. Munic. Law 1. ii. 107 The 
formula commenced with a part called .. Demonstration 
(de tratio) which contained a short statement of the 

laintiff’'s cause of action, 1880 Murirneap Gaius iv. § 40 

he demonstration is that part of the formula which is 
inserted at the outset on purpose to show what is the matter 
in dispute. 


DEMONSTRATIVE. : 


5. The exhibition and explanation of specimens 
and practical operations, as a method of instruction 
in a science or art, esp. in anatomy. Also attrdd. 

1807 Med. Frnt. XVII. 95 Mr. Taunton will resume his 
Winter Course of Lectures and Demonstrations on Anatomy, 
Physiology, Pathology, and Surgery. 1832 Examiner 395/1 
On Monday there was a demonstration on the viscera by 
Mr. Grainger. 1883 Lougman’s Notes on Bhs. vi. 204 
(Buckton's Food & Home Cookery), The course consists of 
fifteen lessons, twelve to be given by demonstration followed 
by practice .. Every girl who attends the whole course will 
have twelve Demonstration and fourteen Practice lessons. 
Mod, Miss H. will give a Cookery Demonstration. 

6. Ad?. A show of military force or of offensive 
movement; esp. in the course of active hostilities 
to engage the enemy’s attention while other opera- 
tions are going on elsewhere, or in ¢ime of peace 
to indicate readiness for active hostilities. 

1835 Burnes 7xav. Bokhara (ed. 2) 111. 265 He made last 
year a demonstration against Julalabad, a district between 
Cabool and Peshawur. 1853 Sir H. Dovuctas AZitit. 
Bridges (ed. 3) 205 Prince Eugene .. made demonstrations 
to attack the post of M and to cross the Adige to 
Badia .. [He] continued demonstrations at Masi, until 
he heard that Colonel Batté had succeeded in throwing 500 
men across the river. 1862 Lp. BrouGuam Brit. Const. xiii. 
178 The Barons having, by an armed demonstration, com- 
pelled the King to allow the appointment. 

7. A public manifestation, by a number of persons, 
of interest in some public question, or sympathy 
with some political or other cause; usually taking 
the form of a procession and mass-meeting. 

1839 Britannia i ‘rit Metropol. Conserv. Press (1840) 
I. 421 Whig emis s have been employed to get up what, 
in their own conventional cant, they call a demonstration, 
to mark the national joy [etc.]. 1861 Sa/. Nev. 22 June 630 
Then, besides ‘ovations’, there are ‘demonstrations’, the 
Q. E. D. of which is not always very easy to see. We read 
how the students of such an University ‘made a demonstra- 
tion’, This we believe means, in plain English, that the 
students kicked up a row. 1884 Civ. World 16 Oct. 781/r 
The demonstration of demonstrations took place on Saturday 
at Chatsworth, when. .about 80,000 people came together. 

Demonstrational (-éi:fanal), a. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] Of or pertaining to demonstration. 

1866 Pall Mall G. 1 Dec. 13 A leaning to the demonstra- 
tional view both of literature and oratory. 1886 GuRNEY 
Phantasms of Living 11. 3 [It] connects the sleeping and 
the waking phenomena in their theoretic and psychological 
aspects, it. separates them in their demonstrational aspect. 

+ Demonstra‘tioner. Ods. rave’. [f. as 
prec. +-ER.] One who favours or practises demon- 
stration. 

1589 Almond for Parrat 15 Your olde soaking Demon- 
strationer, that hath scrapte vp such a deale of Scripture to 
so lyttle purpose. 

Demonstrationist (-éJonist). [fas prec. 
+-Ist.] One who takes part in a demonstration. 

1871 Echo 15 Aug., A riot between the Orangemen and the 
demonstrationists Is considered likely. 1890 77ses 28 Jan. 
5/3 Demonstrationists nowadays dislike wet weather. 

Demonstra‘tionize, v. [See -1z.] 
To make a public demonstration. 

Hence Demonstra‘tionizing v/. sb. 

1882 S¢. Fames’s Gaz. 28 June, The history of our recent 
demonstrationizings. | uot 

Demonstrative (dimp'nstrativ’, a. and sé. 
In 5 -if. [a. F. aémonstratif, -tve (14th c. in 
Hatzf.), ad. L. démonstrativ-us, f. ppl. stem of L. 
demonstrire: see -1VE.] 

1. Having the function or quality of clearly 
showing, exhibiting, or indicating; making evi- 
dent; illustrative. 

Demonstrative legacy: see quot. 1892. 

1530 PatsGr. 309/2 Demonstratyfe, demonstratifi 155% 
T. Witson Logike (1580) 27 b, A demonstrative, or shewyng 
reduction. 1616 R. Watier in Lismore Papers (1887) Ser. 
u. II. 19 Some demonstrative token proportionable to the 
large favor wherwithall you haue vouchsafed to giue me. 
1700 DryveN (J.), Painting is necessary to all other arts, 
because of the need which they have of demonstrative 
figures, which often give more light to the understanding 
than the clearest discourses. 1892 Gooprve A/od. Lazw of 
Real Prop. 394 A demonstrative legacy is one which is in 
its nature a general legacy, but is directed by the testator to 
be paid out of a particular fund. ave . : 

2. Rhet. Setting forth or describing with praise 
or censure. i 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. 6b, The oracion demonstrative 
standeth either in praise or dispraise of some one man, or of 
some one thyng. 1576 FLeminc Panofl. Epist, Epit. A, An 
epistle demonstrative consisteth in these two points, namely, 
commendation and dispraise. a 1677 Barrow Pope's Suprent. 
(1687) 72 Eloquent men do never more exceed in their indul- 
gence to fancy, than in the demonstrative kind .. in their 
commendations of persons. _1783 H. Biair Xhetoric xxvii. 
11. 46 The chief subjects of Demonstrative Eloquence, were 
Panegyrics, Invectives, Gratulatory and Funeral Orations. 

3. Gram. Serving to point out or indicate the 
particular thing referred to: applied es. to certain 
adjectives (often used pronominally) having this 
function. 

Demonstrative root: a linguistic root which appears to 
have had no other signification than that of pointing to 
a near or remote object, as the ¢- in Sanskrit tat, tada, Gr. 
16, t67€, L. tam, tunc, or its Teutonic representative J, th, 
in the, then, there. 

15z0 WuiITINTON Vlg. (1 2 5b, Whan a nowne demon- 


intr. 


strative is referred to y* hole sentence folowynge. 1530 
Patscr. Introd. 29 P: d yves they have 
24*-2 


. DEMONSTRATIVELY. 


but thre 7/, Ze and ox or Zen. 1668 Witxins Keal Char. ut. 
ii. § 3. 305 As this or that man or book..in these cases the 
Pronouns are commonly called Demonstrative. 1835 Mrs. 
Marcer Mary's Gram. 1. ix. 250 When we use the demon- 
strative pronoun, it seems as if we were pointing our finger 
to show the things we were speaking of. 1865 ‘I'yLor Early 
a Max. iv. 61 The demonstrative roots, a small class 

81 The letter #, having demonstrative force, is inserted. 

4. That shows or makes manifest the truth or exist- 
ence of anything ; serving as conclusive evidence. 

1386 CuaucerSompn. 7.564 Yeshulseen.. By preeue which 
that is demonstratif, That equally the soun of it wol wende 
..vn-to the spokes ende. 1570-6 Lamparve Peramb. Kent 
(1826) 301 The vertue of holy water (in putting the Divell to 
flight) was confirmed at Motindene by a demonstrative 
argument. pa! N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. iii. (1739) 5 
The first of which is cried down by many demonstrative 
instances. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 18 A demonstrative proof 
..of the fecundity of His wisdom and Power. 1807 G. 
Cuacmers Caledonia 1.1. iv. 117 These military works. .are 
equally demonstrative of their skill, and creditable to their 
perseverance. 1855 Ess. [ntuit. Mor. ii. 43 Another point 
. demonstrative of God's providence. 

5. That serves to demonstrate logically ; belong- 
ing to logical demonstration. 

1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 124 Galyen.. in hys 
youth he desired greetly to knowe the science demonstratiue. 
1s8t Muccaster Positions xli. (1887) 244 Logicke, for her 
demonstratiue part, plaieth the Grammer to the Mathe- 
maticalles. 1 De Lawne tr. Du Moulin's Logick 163 
A demonstrative Syllogisme as that which prooveth that the 
attribute of the conclusion is truely attributed unto the 
subject. 1 Butter Anal. Introd. Wks. (1874) I. 1 
Probable evidence is essentially distinguished from demon- 


lent radicals. 1892 Davipson Heb, Gram. (ed. 10): 


| of plants, if need be, without a guide or demonstrator. 1758 
| J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. Introd. (1771) 5 Six Demon- 


strative by this, that it admits of degrees. 1864 BowEn 


Logic ii. 34 Logic, as it proceeds from axiomatic principles, 
.-is a purely demonstrative science. 

6. Characterized or produced by demonstration ; 
evident or provable by demonstration. 

1612 I, Witson Chr. Dict., To bee infallibly assured of a 
thing, by demonstratiue certainety. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. (1677) 188 'Tis demonstrative that salt waters have 
much more heat than fresh waters have. 1798 Mactivus 
Popul.(1878) 295 It is a demonstrative truth. 1863 Mrs. C. 
Crarke Shaks. Char. iv. 1066 We have passed into an age 
of practicality and demonstrative knowledge. 

. Given to, or characterized by, outward exhibi- 
tion or expression (of the feelings, etc.). 

1819 Metropolis 111. 252 No fulsomeness of public and 
demonstrative tenderness, on his part, ever puts me to the 
blush. 1832 Examiner 241/2 The middle party in the 
House have been sufficiently demonstrative of their purposes. 
1863 Mrs. C. Ciarke Shaks, Char. v. 124 The demonstra- 
tive gratitude of his heart. 1872 Darwin Emotions xi. 265 
Englishmen are much less demonstrative than the men of 
most other European nations, 

8. That teaches a science by the exhibition and 
description of examples or experiments. rare. Cf. 
DEMONSTRATOR 2. 

1814 Philos. Mag. XLIV. 305 (tite) Demonstrative Course 
of Lectures on Drs. Gall and Spurzheim's Physiognomonical 
System. 

B. sé. Gram. A demonstrative adjective or pro- 
noun. 

1530 Patscr. 75 Demonstratives simple is only ce. 1591 
Percivaut Sf. Dict. Biva, Of pronounes..some are called 
demonstratiues, because they shew a thing not spoken of 
before. 1833 McHenry Span. Gram. 42 Possessives and 
demonstratives are used in Spanish both as adjectives and 
as pronouns. 1 R. Morris Eng. Gram, (1877) 114 The 
Demonstratives are the, that, this, such, so, same, yon. 

Demo'nstratively, adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ *.] 
In a demonstrative manner. 

+1. In a manner that points out, shows, or ex- 
hibits ; so as to indicate clearly or plainly. Ods. 

1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. li. g The adverb behold is 
taken here demonstratively as if David shuld bring forth 
upon a stage the miserable end that remayneth for the 

roud despysers of God. 

tters .. are ..demonstratively laid down on the Plain. 


Moxon Print Lett. 52 The | 


1677 Hace Prim. Orig. Man. u. iv. 152 The new discoveries _ 


of Stars and Asterisms .. by the help of the Telescope, 
demonstratively and to the sense, : 

2. In a way that makes manifest, establishes, or 
bts the truth or existence of anything ; spec. by 

ogical demonstration. 

1584 Fenner Def Ministers (1587) 63 What soeuer bee 
demonstratiuelie concluded out of the Scriptures. 1678 
Cuvwortn /nfell. Syst. 234 Able to discourse onstra- 
tively concerning the same. 1772 Swinton in PAil. Trans, 
LXIII. 214 As I have elsewhere demonstratively proved. 
1885 Manch. Exam. 22 June 5/4 The thing can be done .. 
as .. Pel has demonstratively shown. : 

+3. With clear or convincing evidence, conclu- 
sively. Obs. 

Sir T. Browxe Pseud. Ep. 39 Plato and Aristotle .. 
demonstrativel d ding the simplicity of perfection, 
and the indivisible condition of the first causator. 1764 
Wansurton Lef?.(1809) 353, | was as demonstratively certain 
of the Author, as if I had stood behind him. : 

4. With strong outward exhibition of feeling. — 

1871 Hoime Lee Miss Barrington 1. x. 149 Met them with 
a emtaientarety agreeable air, and tried to engage them 
in tal 


Demo'nstrativeness. [f.as prec. + -NESS.] 


The quality of being demonstrative. 

@1660 Hammonp Wes. 11. 1v. 178 (R.) [It] supersedes all 
demonstrativeness of proof from this text for the criminous- 
ness of will-worship. 1664 H. More Afyst. op xii. 40 Nor 
can the demonstrativeness of this Reason be eluded. 1863 
J. C. Morison S¢. Bernard ui. i. cg oy ni was no..weak, 
undisciplined d eness in their joy. 


188 
Demonstrator (demfnstré'tar). [ad. L. dé- 


monstrator, t-n. from démonstrare to DEMON- 
STRAE ; partly after F. démonstrateur, 14th c. in 
Hatzf. (So pronounced by Smart 1836; Walker 
gave demonstrator in the general sense, demon- 
sira‘tor in the technical.) 

1. One who or that which demonstrates, points 
out, or proves. 

1611 Cotcr., Demonstrateur, a demonstrator; one that 


DEMOUNT. 


ae aA 

2. To lower or destroy the power of bearing 
against dangers, fatigue, or difficulties (F. Ze : 
see MoRALE): applied esf. to an army or a people 
under arms ; also yes ge take from anything its 
firmness, staying power, etc. 

1848 Gatienca /tady 11. ii. 39 Foscolo was intended for 
a man of action and strife : ease and fortune unnerved and 


demoralised him. Green Short Hist. vi. § 1. ‘The 
long series of Englsy tories had. pee the French 


euidently shewes, plainely declares, perspicuously deliuers 
eel seashore 


things. 1666 J. Smirn Age 66 (T.) instr 
them both are the of h he 
find, 
trying to make 


1775 Jounson Jax. no Tyr. 2 The demonstrator will 
after an operose deduction, that he has i 
that seen which can be only felt. 1825 Coterince A fds 
Refl, (1848) I. 140 In all these d ratic di 
strators presuppose the idea or conception of a God. 

2. One who exhibits and describes specimens, or 
performs experiments, as a method of teaching a 
science; an assistant to a professor of science, who 


does the practical work with the students. 
1684 Ray Cor. (1848! 139 [A book] to facilitate the learning 


ms t 


Strators in Surgery, at the Amphitheatre of St. Cosme. 1792 | 
A. Younc Trav. France 137 Mr. Willemet, who is demon- 
strator of botany, shewed me the botanical garden. 1887 
Men of the Time 234 He [Sir Andrew Clark] was demonstra- 
tor of anatomy to Dr. Robert Knox. 

3. One who takes part in a public demonstration. 

1870 Daily News 9 Oct., Another demonstration took 
place to urge the Government not to make peace .. An 
evasive answer was given to these demonstrators. 
Times 13 Feb. 5/2 The demonstrators. .assembled in front of 
the statue of Henry IV, in order to place a wreath on it. 

4. ‘The index-finger’. Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Hence De‘monstra:torship, the office or position 
of a scientific demonstrator. 

1870 A thenxum 14 May 642 A Syndicate .. recommended 
the establishment of a Professorship and Demonstratorship 
of Experimental Physics. 

Demo-nstratory, 2. [ad. L. démonstratori- 
us (Isidore), f. démonstrator: see -onY.] That 
has the property of demonstrating. 

1727 Baiey vol. 11, Demonstratory, belonging to demon- 
stration. 1817 Co-esrooke 4 /gebra xxvi, The gloss of Ran. 
gandtha on the VAsana, or demonstratory annotations of 
Bhascara. 1880 Mutrneap Ga/sus iv. § 60 The matter in 
dispute is first set forth in a demonstratory manner. 

emont, obs. form of Demount, q.v. 

Demonurgist. are. [f. Gr. type *5apor- 
ovpyés demon-working + -1st. Cf. metallurgist, 
etc.] One who practises magic by the help of 
demons. So De‘monurgy, the practice of magic 
by the help of demons. 

1797 W. Tavior in Monthly Rev. XXIV. 509 Agrippa and 
his friends had a taste for the occult sciences, for alchemy, 
divination, damonurgy, and astrology. 1798 /é/d. XXV. 502 
Damonurgists and other professors of occult science. | 

Demonymic (dimoni‘mik), a. and sd. [f. Gr. 
370s people, DEME + -wrupuxds adj. formative, f. 
évopa name: cf. paper adj. Named from 
the deme. sd. The name (of an Athenian citizen) 
according to the deme to which he belonged. 

1893 J. E. Sanpys A ristotle’s "A@nvaiwy Modcreia 110 The 
demonymic of the former would be "Oa@ev; of the latter 
Oinber. 

Demoore, obs. form of DemurR v. 

Demophil (de'mofil). [mod. f. Gr. dip-os 
people + pidos friend.] A friend of the people. 

1884 Hunter & Wayre Aly Ducats xxvii. (1885) 426 
A man may be a democrat without being a demophile. 

Hence Demophilism. 

1871 Lp. Hovcuton in Life (1890) IL. xvii. 353 A demon 
not of demagoguism, but of demophilism. 1893 P. Miryouxov 
in Atheneum 1 July 27/2 A vague interest in the lives and 
habits of the masses, a sort of archxological demophilism. 

Demor‘e, Demorage, etc., obs. ff. Demur, Dr- 
MURRAGE, etc. 

Demoralization (d/mp:riloizéi'fon). [f. next 
+-ATION: so mod.F. aémoralisation, admitted by 
the Acad. 1878.] The action of demoralizing ; the 
state or fact of being demoralized. 

1809 Sourury in Q. Kev. Il. 115 It would be easy to 
shew..that the religion of the Koran ly produces 
this demoralization. 1877 Daily News 5 Nov. 5/5 His army 
is in a state of utter demoralisation and disorganization. 

Demoralize (dimp'rilaiz), v. [a. F. démoral- 
ise-r (f. De- IL. 1 + Monat a. + -12E), a word of 
the French Revolution, condemned by Laharpe, 
admitted by the Acad, 1798.] 

1. trans. To corrupt the morals or moral prin- 
ciples of ; to deprave or pervert morally. 

¢ 793 Westin in Lyell 7rav. N. Amer. 1. 65 When .. 
N ‘ebster .. was asked how many new words he had 
coined, he replied only ‘to demoralize’, and that not in his 
dictionary, but long before in —— published in 
the last century [about 1793}. Sourney Lets. (3856) 
II. x05 One of the worst princi men who ever lent his 
aid to debase, d debilitateé human nature. 

demoralised 


874 M C seer 1886) 102 P 
1 ORLEY Cov, mnIsE (1 1 * 
by tne habit of Teoting os society comesively from the 
juridical point of view. 
b. To deprive (a thing) of its moral influence or 
effectiveness. 
1869 Spectator 24 July 863 In a case where this sort of — 


| the ‘Drapier Letters’ and the ‘Conduct of 


y. 1894 Daily News 2 June 3/7 The market became 
demoral ea oe Sorsign advices, heavy liquidations, 
foreign selling, better crop news. 3 
Hence Demo‘ralized, Demorralizing f//. adjs. 
1808 Crit. Rev. Aug. (T.), The pernicious influence of 
their demoralizing creed. 1817 J. Scorr Paris Revisit. 
(ed. 4) 401 The demoralized state of the public character. 
1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 133 Miracles .. have neces- 


sarily a very de: ig effect. 
i (dimg'ralaizaz). [f. prec. + -ER.] 
A person or thing that demoralizes, 
1881 Voice (N.Y.) 25 Aug. 1 It (rum traffic] is the general 


| demoralizer. 1892 Catholic News 8 Oct. p. vi/6 Licenced ~ 
a 1 dad Anat. pat 


Demorance, -aunce, Demore: see Demur- 
RANCE, DemuR. . 

Demorlayk: see DeMERLAYK Ods., magic. 

|| Demos (di'mgs). Occas. demus, //. -i. [a. Gr. 
dijpos district, people.] 

1. One of the divisions of ancient Attica; = 
DemMeE? 1. 

1776 R. Cuanpter Trav. Greece 19 (Stanford) A demos or 
borough-town. /éid. 36 Hipparchus erected them in the 
demi or borough-towns. 

2. The people or commons of an ancient Greek 
state, esp. of a democratic state, such as Athens ; 
hence, the populace, the common people: often 
personified. 

1831 Westm. Rev. Jan. 245 The aristocracy have had 


| their long and disastrous day; it is now the time of the 


Demos. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xxxvi, The self-acting Démos 
assembled in the Pnyx. 1886 Tennyson Locksley Hall Sixty 
Yrs. After go Celtic Demos rose a Demon, shriek’d and 
slaked the light with blood. 

Demosthenic (demgspenik), @. [ad. Gr. 
Anpooberx-ds.] Of or pertaining to Demosthenes, 
the great Athenian orator; resembling Demosthenes 
or his style of oratory. So also Demosthene‘an 
(ef, Gr. AnpooGéveos}, Demosthe’nian adjs. 

1846 Worcester cites Blackw, Mag. for ic. 
u Manarry Soc. Life Greece xi. 34} The Demosthenic 
public, 1880 MrCartuy Own Times 111. xlvi. 406 Some 
critics found fault with Palmerston for having spoken 
of Cobden’s as ‘ Demosthenic eloquence’. 1882 Athenzum 
19 Aug. 244/3 The reviewer consi that pam such as 


Allies’ are 
‘ Demosthenian in style and method’, 
Demot (dzmft). [a. Gr. dnpudér-ns one of the 
(same) deme, f. 5ju0s DEME ®, people, etc.] A mem- 
ber of a Greek deme. 


1847 Grote Hist, Greece 1. xxxi. 1V. 180 The inscription 
of new citizens took place at the assembly of the demots. 


Demotic (dimp'tik), a [ad. Gr. dnyorix-ds 
popular, plebeian, common, democratic, f. dyuérns 
one of the people (the deme).] 

1. Of or belonging to the people: sfec. the dis- 
tinctive epithet of the popular form of the ancient 
Egyptian written character (as distinguished from 
the Aderatic, of which it was a simplification) : 
called also enchorial. Also absol. = demotic 
character or script. 

1822 0. Rev. XXVIII. 189To prove, that neither the hieratic 
or sacerdotal ,nor the demotic or vulgar, writing is alphabetic. 
1880 Sayce in Nature XX1. 380 The only change undergone 


by E i he in ion of a running 
OE ee Tne wrdiswles fore ie called bieratic and 
in its later form demotic, : 

2. In general sense: Of, ining or —- to, 
the common people; popular, vulgar. Somewhat 
rare. 

S Wks. (1859) I. Demotic habits will 
Papo mee a —— Sey ah aes forced to 


court the for politicak power, O. W. Hoimes 
Poet hot. fr reas.) 18 The annie what in de- 
motic is call 


he‘ ing’. 1881 7 ames 26 Apr. 
There is nothing in the position that the demotic ae oh 

Demow nt, v. Also 6 Sc. demont. [ad. F. 
démonter : cf. DismouNT.] 


+1. intr. To dismount. Ods. 
1533 Bettennen Livy 361 (Jam.) All horsmen .. demont 
haisti! 


ie fra thare hors. 
2. nonce-wd. [f. De- + Mount v.] my _—— 
. Rev. . vi, Beau' H 
morsxing heavenward, 20° beautifully .. Well #f.it do not, 


Pilatre- ; and demount all the more tragically! 
Demour, -oyre, Demourage, -ance sce 
"iDemiple: app. scribal_ error for Aemple 
ple: app. seri ¢= 
CAMPLE v. to wrangle, sd. wordy conflict, wrangling. 


peat R. Pr Ces. 196 a be tia. J > 


demple, tak ches. h MS. 
pis to Gain Slee cai tak pat pat 3e first ches.) 
Dempne, obs. AMN. 


DEMPSTER. 


Dempster (dem?sto1). Forms: 4 demstere, 
demestre, -ter(e, demister(e, (demmepster, 
demaistre), 4, 7 demster, 6 demstar, 4, 8-9 
dempster. See also Dremsrer. [ME. démestre, 
in form fem. of démere, DEEMER, judge: see -STER. 
The root-vowel was originally long ; cf. the modern 
form DrEmsrER, used in the Isle of Man; but in 
general use it was shortened at an early date in 
consequence of the elision of the short vowel of the 
second syllable, and the collocation of consonants 
in demstre; whence the forms demster, dempster. 
Dempster is also a surname.] 

+1. A judge. Obs. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 5585 (Cott.) Prist and demmepster sai i 
id rr, demestre, demister, domesman]. /é/d. 7005 Aioth was 

an be dempster [v. 7r. demester, demister]. /d¢d. 22920 
(He] sal cum befor be demstere [v. 77. demestere, demistere, 
demester] ?¢1320 A nticrist 550 F for drednes o pat demster. 
b. for Deemsrer 2. (/. of Alan.) 

3 Scorr Peveril xv, One of the dempsters at the time. 

+2. In Scotland, formerly: ‘The officer of a 
court who pronounced doom or sentence definitively 
as directed by the clerk or judge’ (Jamieson). 
“1513-75 Diurn. Occurrents (1833) 117 [They] creatit_bail- 
lies, serjantis, clerkis, and demstaris. 1752 Lournian Forme 
4 Process 57 The sentence is read by the clerk to the 

emster, and the Demster repeats the same to the pannel. 
1753 Stewart's Trial 283 ‘The court proceeded to give judg- 
ment ; which, being written down in the book, and signed 
by the whole judges, was read by the clerk, and, in the 
usual manner, repeated pronounced by the dempster to the 
pannel as follows. 1825 Jamieson Dict. s.v., As the repeti- 
tion of the sentence after the judge has been of late years 
discontinued, the office of Dempster in the Court [Edin- 
burgh] is also laid aside. 

Hence +Dempstery, demstary, the office of 
dempster. * 

1551 Aberdeen Reg. V. 21 (Jam.) The office of demstary. . 

Dempt, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of DeEm v. 

+Demption. 06s. rare—'. [ad. L. demption- 
em, n. of action f. démére to take away.] The action 
of taking away or suppressing. e 

1552 Huxoet, Colysion, abiection, contraction, or demption 
of a vowel. .syphonesis. 

+Demulce (d/mu'ls), v. Obs. [ad. L. démulce- 
re to stroke down, to soothe caressingly, f. Dr- I. 1 
+ mulcére to soothe.] ¢vans. 'To soothe or mollify 
(a person); to soften or make gentle. Formerly 
said also of soothing medicines: cf. DEMULCENT. 

1530 Exyor Gow. 1, xx. (éxit.), Wherwith Saturne was 
eftsones demulced and appaysed. 1656 Baxter Ref Pastor 
3o1 As Seneca saith to demulce the angry. 1684 tr. Bonet’s 
Merc. Compit. xix. 690 Nervine Medicines .. demulce the 
Part, and take away the preternatural acrimony. 1831 
'T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle viii, Before I was demulced 
by the Muses, I was ferocis ingenii puer. 

Hence Demu'leing A//. a. 

1619 H. Hutron Follies Anat. (1842) 22 His belly is a 
cistern of receit, A grand confounder of demulcing meate. 
a 1670 Hacker Abp, Williams 1. (1692) 70 The Earl’s de- 
mulcing and well-languaged phrases. 

+Demu-lceate, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [irreg. f. 
L. démulcére (see prec.) + -ATE3.] =prec, So 
+ Demulcea‘tion, Ods. 

1627-77 Frrruam Resolves ut. 1xxvi. 
smooth demulceations that insensibly do stroke us in our 
gliding life. 1817 Blackw, Mag. I. 470 Gallantry .. or the 
exalted science of demulceating the amiable reservedness. . 
of the gentler sex. 

Demulcent (d/mm'lsént), a. and sb. Chiefly 
Med. [f. L. démulcént-em, pr. pple. of démulcére 
to DEMULCE.] 

A. adj. Soothing, lenitive, mollifying, allaying 
irritation. 

1732 Arsutunot Xudles of Diet 264 All insipid inodorous 
Vegetables are demulcent. 1854 S. Tuomson W7/d FZ. 101. 
(ed. 4) 302 The linseed and the mallows, both valuable 
for their demulcent properties. 

B. sd. A demulcent medicine. 

1732 Arsutunot Rules of Diet 418 Demulcents, or what 
abates Acrimony. | 1875 H. C. Woop Thera. (1879) 576. 

+Demuleetive, a. Obs. [irreg. f. Demutcr 
v.) =DeEMuLcent. 

1756 P. Browne Yamaica 115 The oil is opening and de- 
mulcetive, ‘ 

+Demulsion. 0s. rare—3. [f. L. *démuls-, 
ppl. stem of démulcére : see DEMULCE.] The action 
of soothing ; a means of soothing, 

1627-77 Fe.tuam Resolves u. lvii. 276 Vice garlanded with 
all the soft demulsions of a present contentment, 

Demur (di‘mi-1), 56. Forms: 3-7 demure, 
4 demere, demoere, 6 demoure, demourre, de- 
moyre, demor(e, 6-7 demurr(e, 7~ demur. [a. 
F. demeure, vbl. sb. from demeurer: see next.] 

+1. Delay, lingering, waiting. Obs. 

1300 Floriz §& Bl. 591 Blauncheflur heo atwist Pat he 
makede so longe demure [v.”. demoere: rime ifere]. ¢ x 
Sir Beues 125 Theder wardes he f n gon Withouten a. 
mere, 1529 in Burnet Hist, Ref Il. 97 His Highness had 
cause... to marvel of your long demor, and lack of expe- 
dition,- 1660 HickerinciLL Yamaica (1661) 51 Timely 
alarum'd by Jacksons Demurres, at the Harbours mouth, 
for four days Space. 1675 Lssex Papers (Camden) I. 311 
Causing a most unnecessary demurre. 

+b. Stay, abode, residence. Ods. 
1444 in Coll. Hist. Staf7. (1891) X11. 318 During the tyme 


21 Those soft and 


189 


of his demure in the presence of the seid Erle. 1g24 in 

Househ. Ord. (1790) 159 In his demurre or passing from place 

to place. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Comynge into the 

Kynges realme..and not minded to make longe or continual 

demoyre in the same. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. 378 We 

saw this ‘own only in transitu, but it merited a littledemurr. 
+e. Continuance, duration. Ods. 

1533 in Strype ccd. Mem. I, xx. 148 Neither unjust matry- 
mony shall have his unjust and incestuous demoure and 
continuance, as by delayes to Rome it is wont to have. 

+2. Hesitation; pause; state of irresolution or 
doubt. Ods. 

1581 I. Howett Dewises (1879) 234 No doubtfull drift 
whereon demurre dependes. 1677 W. Hupparp Narrative u. 
49 ‘They were upon some demurre, whether to march directly 
toward Ossapy. 1683 TempLe Aen. Wks. 1731 I. 379 He 
did not expect any Demurr upon such an Offer. 1824 Lama 
Elia Ser. 1. Capt. Fackson, You were positively at a demur 
what you did or did not see. 

3. The act of demurring ; an objection raised or 
exception taken to a proposed course of action, etc. 

1639 Mayne City Match wv. ii, Sister, ’tis so projected, 
therefore make No more demurs. 1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch 
(1879) I. 154/2 Camillus. invented demurs and pretences of 
delay. 1791 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 4 June, He then said 
it was necessary to drink the Queen’s health. he gentle- 
men here made no demur. 1838 Dickens Nich, Nick. xxii, 
After a little demur, he accepted the offer. 

+4. Law. =Demurrer!. Obs. 

1555 Harrsrietp Divorce Hen, WITT (1878) 36 The ad- 
versaries..made thereupon. .a special demurre.  @ 1577 Sir 
T. Smiru Comm. Eng. (1609) 51 If they cannot agree, then 
is the matter referred to a demurre in the Exchequer cham- 
ber. 1660 Wittsrorp Scales Comm. Avjb, Vo procras- 
tinate with Demurs, or Fines and Recoveries without end. 
1713 Swirt Cadenus & V. 120 But with rejoinders and replies 
..Demur, imparlance, and essoign, ‘The parties ne'er could 
issue join. 

DBemur (dimi-1), v. Forms: 3 demeore, 4 
demere, 6 demore, demoore, demour(e, 6-7 
demurre, 7-8 demurr, 7~ demur. [a. F. de- 
meurer, in OF. demorer, -mourer (=Pr. and Sp. 
demorare, It. dimorare):—pop. L. démorare =cl.L. 
demorari to tarry, delay, f. De- I. 3 + morari to 
delay. The OF. demor-, demour-, proper to the 
forms with atonic radical vowel, was at length 
assimilated to the tonic form demeur-; the latter 
gave the ME. forms demeore, demere: cf. PEOPLE, 
and the forms meve, preve (F. meuve, preuve) of 
Move, Prover.] 

+1. zxtr. To linger, tarry, wait; fig. to dwell 
upon something. Ods. 

ax225 Ancr. R. 242 Auh 3if ich hie swude uordward, 
demeore 3e pe lengre. c1300 A. Adis. 7295 He n’ul nought 
that ye demere [v7e dere]. 1550 Nicotts 7hucyd. 73 (R.) 
Yet durst they not demoure nor abyde vpon the campe. 
1559 BaLpwin in J/irr, A/ag. (1563) 39 b, ‘Take hede ye de- 
murre not vpon them, 1595 SouTHWELL S¢, Peter's Compl. 
19 But 6, how long demurre I on his eyes. 16041. Wricut 
Passions v. 213, I demurre too long in these speculative dis- 
courses. 1653 Urqunart Radelais 1, ii, If that our looks on 
it demurre. ; 

+b. To stay, remain, abide. Ods. 

1523 St. Papers Hen. VII, 1V. 34 She cannot demore there 
without extreme daunjur and peril. 1536 Act 28 Hen. V///, 
c. ro Any person..dwellyng, demurryng, inhabitinge or re- 
siant within this realme. 1550 Nicotts 7hucyd. 72 (R.) The 
sayde Peloponesyans demoured in the land. 

+e. To last, endure, continue. Ods. 

1547 Hoorer Declar. Christ iii. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 21 This 
defence. .shall demour for ever till this church be glorified. 

+2. trans. To cause to tarry; to put off, delay. 

1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage uU. xviil. 174 Whose judgement 
is demurred until the day of Reconciliation. 1635 QuarLes 
Embl. w. x. (1818) 239 The lawyer .. then demurs me with 
a vain delay. 1682 D’Urrey Butler's Ghost 60, I swear.. 
Henceforth to take a rougher course, And, what you would 
demur to force. 

+3. zztr. To hesitate; to delay or suspend action; 
to pause in uncertainty. Ods. 

164x Mitton CA. Govt. vii. (1851) 135 This is all we get by 
demurring in Gods service. 1654 Coprincton tr. Hist. 
Justine 418 He found the King to demur upon it. 1655 
Futter CA. Hist. 11. ii. § 40 King Edwine demurred to em- 
brace Christianity. 1699 BentLey Phad. 516 ‘The Delphians 
demurring, arhetves they should accept it or no. 1743 J. 
Davinson A2ne7d vii. 261 You need not demur to challenge. 
1778 Miss Burney £vedina li, You are the first lady who 
ever made me even demur upon this subject. 1818 W. TayLor 
in Monthly Rev. UXXXVII. 534 All the Yorkists could 
thus co-operate, without demurring between their rightful 
sovereigns. % : 

+b. To be of doubtful mind ; to remain doubt- 


ful. Ods. rare. 

1612 T. Taytor Comm.. Titus i. 3 And demurre with the 
Philistines, whether God or Fortune smite vs. @ 1628 
F, Grevitte Sidney (1652) 237 ‘To have demurred more 
seriously upon the sudden change in his Sonne. 

+c. trans. To hesitate about. Ods. rare. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 558 What may this mean? Lan- 
guage of Man pronounc’t By Tongue of Brute, and human 
sense exprest ? The first. .I thought deni’d To Beasts. . The 
latter I demurre, for in thir looks Much reason, and in thir 
actions oft appeers. a@1730 E, Fenron Hom. Odyss, xt. 
Jmit, (Seager), Let none demur Obedience to her will, 

4. intr. To make scruples or difficulties ; to raise 
objection, take exception 0 (occas. at,o7). (The cur- 
rent sense; often with allusion to the legal sense, 5.) 

1639 Futter Holy War u. xxxvi. (1840) 98 The caliph de- 
murred hereat, as counting such a gesture a diminution to 
his state. 1752 Lasetye West. Br. 93, 1 .. gave my Direc 


DEMURELY. 


tions .. which being in some Measure demurred to, the 
Matter was brought before the Board. 1775 SHERIDAN 
Rivads u. ii, My process was always very simple—in their 
younger days, ‘twas ‘ Jack, do this’—if he demurred, I 
knocked him down, 1807 Soutney Esfriella’s Letters 111. 
29 They are so unreasonable as to demur at finding corn for 
them. 1855 Browninc Let, to Ruskin, | cannot begin writing 
poetry till my imaginary reader has conceded licences to 
me which you demur at altogether. 1860 ‘TYNDALL Glac. 
1. v. 40 My host at first demurred .. but I insisted. 1875 
McLaren Sev. Ser. 11.ix. 150 We can afford to recognise 
the fact, though we demur to the inference. 
b. ¢rans. To object or take exception to. rare. 

1827 H. H. Witson Burmese War (1852) 25 As the de- 
mand was unprecedented, the Mugs, who were British 
subjects, demurred payment. 1876 GLapstone //omeric 
Syuchr. 59, 1 demur the inference from these facts. 

5. Law. (¢ntr.) To put ina Demurrer, 

(a 1481 LitrLeton Vennres § 96 Et fuist demurre en iudge- 
ment en mesme le plee, le quel les x1. iours serront accompts 
de le primer iour del muster de host le Roy.] 1620 J. 
WILKINSON Coroners & Sherifes 60 It was demurred on 
in Law. 1628 Coxe Ox Lit?, 70a, And it was demured 
in iudgement in the same plea, whither the 4o dayes should 
bee accounted from the first day of the muster of the kings 
host. /érd. 72a, He that demurreth in Law confesseth all 
such matters of fact as are well and sufficiently pleaded. 
1641 in Rushw., //7st. Codd. 11. (1692) 1. 334 ‘Vo which Plea 
Mr. Attorney-General demurred in Law, and the said 
Samuel Vassall joyned in Demurrer with him. 1660 777aZ 
of Regic. 107, 1 must demur to your Jurisdiction. 1681 
Trial S. Colledge 10 And if so be matter of Law arises upon 
any evidence that is given against you..you may demurr 
upon that Evidence, and pray Counsel of the Court to argue 
that demurrer, 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. Il. 84 The 
plaintiff demurred, that is to say, admitted Sir Edward’s 
plea to be true in fact, but denied that it was a sufficient 
answer, 

Demurante, obs. form of DeEMURRANT. 

Demure (dimiiivr, a. (sb.) Also 4-5 dimuuir, 
5 demeuer, -uere, -ewre, 6-eure. [A derived or 
extended form of meuve, mewrye, MURE a@., used in 
same sense, a. OF. meus, now mir, ‘ripe, mature, 
mellow; also, discreet, considerate, aduised, setled, 
stayed’ (Cotgr. 1611). The nature and history of 
the prefixed de- are obscure. 

(Palsgrave, 1530, has p. 841/1 ‘Sadly, wysly, demeurement’, 
— p.841/2 ‘ Soberly, sadly, weurement’; but demeurement 
is not otherwise known as French. )] 

A. adj. +1. Calm, settled, still. Ods. 

1377 Death Edw, 11 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) b. 216 Thou3 
the see were rou3, or elles dimuuir, Gode havenes that schip 
wold geete. 

2. Of persons (and their bearing, speech, ete.) : 
Sober, grave, serious; reserved or composed in 
demeanour. (Cf. history of Sap.) 

14.. Epiph. in Tundale’s Vis. 133 Vhis Anna come de- 
mure and sad of chere. .1470-85 Matory 4 rthur xin. i, 
The yonge squyer..semely and demure as a douue. 1523 
Sxetron Gard, Laurel goz Demure Diana, womanly and 
sad. 1538 Bate 7h7e Lawes 238 A face demure and sage. 
a1568 Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) If a yong ientleman be 
demeure and still of nature, they say, he is simple and lacketh 
witte. 1632 Mitton Pensevoso 32 Come, pensive Nun, 
devout and pure, Sober, steadfast, and demure. 1653 H. 
More Antid, Ath, ut. i. (1712) 87 Notwithstanding he Bred 
no worse than the most demure and innocent. 1728-46 
‘THomson Spring 485 Come with those downcast eyes, sedate 
and sweet, Those looks demure. 1835 Marryat Jac. Matth/. 
xxiv, Her conduct was much more staid and demure. 1875 
M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 320 ‘ Like an angel, but half- 
dressed’, thought the demure dons. 

3. Affectedly or constrainedly grave or decorous ; 
serious, reserved, or coy in a way that is not natural 
to the person or to one of his years or condition. 

1693 SHADWELL Volusteers 1. i, This Gentleman, and his 
demure Psalm-singing Fellows. 1705 Srannore Laraphr. 
Il. 166 Can they pursue the demure and secret Sinners, 
through all the intricate mazes of their Hypocrisy. 17. 
‘Tuomson Liberty wv. 69 Hell's fiercest Fiend! of Saintly 
Brow demure. @1771 Gray Death Favourite Cat 4 De- 
murest of the tabby kind, The pensive Selima. ‘Tuirt- 
wat Greece VIII. Ixvi. 417 The threadbare mantle of its 
demure hypocrisy. 1876 Back A/adcap V. xix.176,‘I thought 
he was a friend of yours’, she said, with demure sarcasm. 

+B. As sb. Demure look or expression. Ods. 
rare. 

1766 J. Avams Diary 4 Nov. Wks. 1850 II. 200 He has 
an hypocritical demure on his face. 

+Demure, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. adj.] 

1. iztr. ? To look demurely, ‘to look with an 
affected modesty’ (J.). But cf. DemuR z. 3 b. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. §& CZ iv. xv. 29 Your Wife Octauia, with 
her modest eyes..shall acquire no Honour Demuring vpon 
me. 

2. trans. To make demure. 

1651 Hensuaw Daily Thoughts 187 (L.) Zeal mad, and 
voice demur’d with godly paint. 

Hence Demu:red /f/. a. 

1613 Uncasing of Machivils Instr. 11 With demured looke 
wish them g speede. 

Demure, obs. form of DemuR. 

Demurely (démiiivsli), adv. [f. Demure a. 
+-LY 2.] In a demure manner ; gravely, modestly, 
meekly, quietly; with a gravity, meekness, or 
modesty that is affected or unnatural. 

c1400 Rom. Rose 4627 She, demurely sad of chere.  ¢ 14; 
Stans Puer 18 in Babees Bk, (1868) 27 Walke demurely bi 
streetis in be toun. 1489 Caxton /aytes of A. 1V, xiii. 268 
The. prynce or his lieutenant oughte to aduyse demewrely 
herupon. cr, Consecration of Nuns in Maskell Mon. 
Rit. Il. 314 The virgyns shall demeurely arryse 


DEMURENESS. 


a re to the bisshop. 1596 Snaxs. Merch. V.u. ii. 
gor If I doe not put on a sober habite. . Weare prayer bookes 
in my pocket, looke demurely. 1600 Dekker Gentle Craft 
Wks. 1873 I. 43 I'le looke as demurely as a Saint. 
Septey Sedlamira w. i, He look'd so demurely, I thought 
butter would not haue melted in his mouth, 1768 Beatriz 
Minstr. 1. xvi, And now his look was most demurely sad. 
re C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xi, Folding her little hands demurely 
before her. 1886 Manch. Exam. 27 Feb. 5/3 They sat down 
demurely in opposite corners of the carriage an 
a dignified silence. ; 

+b. Of things: In a subdued manner. Ods. 

1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CZ. 1v. ix, 30 Hearke the drummes de- 
murely wake the sleepers. 

Demureness (dimiiivmés). [f. as prec. + 
-nESS.] The state or quality of being demure. 

c1g10 Barctay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) G iij, With all 
demurenes behaue thee in the same, As not led by malice 
but rather of good loue. 1582 N. ‘IT. (Rhem.) 1 77m. ii. 9 
In like maner women also in comely attire: with demure- 
nesse and sobrietie adorning themselvés. 1659 GAUDEN 
Tears of Ch. 349 A most supercilious demurenesse and 
affected zelotry. 1821 Scorr Kenifw. vii, The prim de- 
mureness of her looks. 

Demurity. *ave. In 5 demeurte. [Answers 
to OF. meurté, as DEMURE does to OF. meur: cf. 
quot. 1483.] 

1. Demure quality, demureness. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 34/1 Joyne ..demeurte to thy 
zladnes, and humylyte to thy demeurte [Fr. ef menurte a 
leessement et humilite a la meurte). a 1704 T. Brown Wks. 
(1760) IL. 182 (D.) They pretend to such demurity as to form 
a society for the Regulation of Manners. 1889 Besant Bel? 
of St. Panl’s U1, 271 The demurity went out of her face. 

2. An embodiment of demureness; a demure 
character or person. (Cf. oddity.) 

18.. Lams Let. to Southey (L.), She will act after the fashion 
of Richardson’s demurities. 

+ Demu‘rmurate, v. Ols.  [f. ppl. stem of 
L. démurmurare to mutter over, f. Dre- I. 1 + 
murmurare to Murmur, mutter.)  ¢vans. To 
murmur, mutter. 

1641 R. Battie Parall. Liturgy w. Mass-bk, 43 Yo de- 
murmurate a number of words on the elements. 

Hence + Demu‘rmuratory a. 

1617 Coins Def. Bf. Ely 1. x. 417 The demurmuratorie 
words, which they vse in Poperie, and call Consecration. 

Demurrable (d/mz'rab'!), a. [f. Demur v, or 
sb, +-ABLE, For form, cf. OF. demorable durable.] 
That may be demurred to; to which exception may 
be taken (esf. in an action at law). 

1827 Hattam Constitutional Hist. 1. i. 54 note, It was 
demurrable for a bill to pray process against the defendant, 
to appear before the king and his privy council. 1885 Law 
Reports Weekly Notes 219/2 The petition was demurrable, 
as it did not. .allege that the petitioner had a complete title 
as executrix. 1893 J. Kekewren in Law Times kM 
LXVIII. 439/1 The statement of claim would be demurrable. 

Demurrage dimovrédz). Also 7 demourage, 
7-8 demorage. [a. OF. demorage, demourage, f. 
demorer, -mourer ; see DEMUR 2. 

+1. Stay; delay; hesitation; pause. Ods. 

a1656 Ussner Ann. (1658) 20 That long demourage of 
theirs in Kadesh. 1702 C. Matner Magn. Chr. u. App. (1852) 
171 Powerful enemies clogged his affairs with such demur- 
rages and such disappointments as would have wholly dis- 
couraged his designs. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 89 Pa 
I shall endeavour to shew the folly of Demurrage..I would 
have them seriously think on the Shortness of their ‘Time, 
1823 New Monthly Mag. V11. 231 A demurrage, for a second, 
succeeded the shock, and then on we went again. 

+b. Constrained delay, detention, Ods. rare. 

1810 Bentuam Packing (1821) 226 In the allowance to jury- 
men distinguish two parts: one for demurrage, viz. at the 
place of trial ; the other for journeys, viz. thither and back. 


1817 — Plan Parl. Reform \ntrod. cxlvii, The expense of | 


journeys to and from, and demurrage at, the Election town. 


2. Comm. a. Detention of a vessel by the freighter _ 
beyond the time agreed upon; the payment made | 


in compensation for such detention. 

1641 Rebels’ Remonstr. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. m. (1692) 1. 
389 Acertain Summ, for the doing thereof within such a time; 
and if they stay'd longer, to have so much fer diem for 
demurrage. tr, Milton's Lett, State ‘ey an, 165) 
A considerable Sum of Money owing from certain Portuga’ 
Merchants. .to several English Merchants, upon the account 
of Freightage and Demorage. ne De For Crusoe 1. 153 
If I stay more, I must pay 3¢...Aer Diem Demorage, nor can 
1 stay np Demorage above eight Days more, 1785 
Macens /nsurances I. 116 If the Delay was occasioned by 
the Merchant, he shall be obliged to pay for the Days of 
Demurrage, to the Captain. Marrvat Yac. Faiths. 
viii, There had already been considerable loss from demur- 
rage. Mod. The Ship ‘ Flora’ is on demurrage. 

. A charge for detention of railway trucks. 

1858 Revriecp Law Railw. ge a 191 Demurrage is 
a claim by way of comp ion for the d ion of property 
which is aneeeny restored. 1892 Labour Commission 

loss., Demurrage, charges on overdue railway trucks. 

ec. A charge of 13d. per ounce made by the Bank 
of England in exchanging gold or notes for bullion. 
es Vercind Money x. 116 Including the above charge of 
14d. per ounce for demurrage. 1882 Brrnec. Counting-//ouse 
Dict., The metallic value of standard gold is £3 175. 10}d. 
per oz. At the Bank of England £3 175. 94. is given for it 
without any delay... The difference of 14d. per. oz., by which 
this delay is avoided, is called demurrage. ace 

3. The act of demurring, or raising objection to 
something. rare. 

1822 Cotton Lacon II. 147 Without the slightest dissent 
or demurrage of the judgment. . f 


| kept him in along demurrer. 


190 


Demurral (d/miril). rare. [f. Demur v. + 
-AL: cf. OF. demorail, demoral, retardation, delay.] 
The action of demurring ; demur. 

1810 Sourney in Ldin, Ann. Reg. 1.1. 413 This was a need- 
less demurral. 1814 — Lett. (1856) 11. cond thought in 
matters of feeling, usually brings with it hesitation, and de- 
murral. 1890 Spectator 22 Mar., I crave a small portion of 
your to express my demurral as well to the reasoning 
as to the accuracy of ‘A Churchman’, who writes to you. 

+Demu'rrance. 0s. In 4 demorrance, 6 
demoraunce, 7 demourance. [a. OF. demorance 
retardation, delay, f. demorer, -mourer : see DEMUR 
v.and-ancE.] @. Delay, lingering. b. Abiding, 
abode, dwelling. 

¢1300 A. Adis. 4123 He wolde wende, swithe snel .. saun 
demorrance. a 1§29 SkELToN Bk. 3 Foles Wks. 1. 201 The 
man is a very fole to make his demoraunce _ such an olde 
wyfe. 1625 Modell Wit 76b, Here is my demourance, and 
from hence I purpose not to part. 

Demurrant ((/mp‘rant), a. and sb. Also 6 
demurante, 9 (evvon.) demurrent. [a. OF. de- 
mourant, pr. pple. of demorer, -mourer, now de- 
meurer see DEMUR ¥.] A. adj. 

+1. Abiding, staying, dwelling, resident. Ods. 

1529 Sufplic. to King 32 To compell the same [ministers] 
to be demurante, abydinge, and resydent vpon their cures. 
1577-87 Houinsuep Chron. 11. 24/3 A friend of mine, being 
of late demurrant in London, 

+ 2. Delaying, putting off. Ods. 

1633 T. Avams E-xf. 2 Peter iii.12 God is no judge dormant, 
nor demurrant, nor rampant. 

3. Demurring, hesitating. rare. 

1836 F. Manoney Relig. Father Prout (1859) 390 Why 
hangs he back demurrent To breast the Tiber’s current ? 

B. sb. One who demurs, or puts in a demurrer, 
in an action at law. 

1809 ‘Tomuns Law Dict. s.v. Demurrer, A demurrer is 
to be signed, and argued on both sides by counsel. .The 
demurrant argues first. 1885 L. O. Pike Veardks. 12-13 
“dw, 111, Introd, 85 There was no complete demurrer un- 
less the demurrant did abide judgment on the point of law. 

Demurrer! (dimv'ra1). Also 6 (erron.) de- 
murrour, 7 demourer. [a. Anglo-Fr. demurrer 
= OF. demourer, pres. inf, (see DEMUR v.) used as 

>] 
sb.: cf. refresher, user.] 

1. Law. A pleading which, admitting for the 
moment the facts as stated in the opponent’s plead- 
ing, denies that he is legally entitled to relief, and 
thus stops the action until this point be determined 
by the court. 

1547 Act 1 Edw. VJ, c. 7 §1 The Process, Pleas, Demur- 
rers and Continuances in every Action. 1565 Sir T. Smitu 
Commw. Eng. (1609) 67 If the question be of the law, that 
is, if both the parties doe agree vpon the fact, and each doe 
claime that by law hee ought to haue it. .then it was called 
ademurrer inlaw. 1660 7'ria/ Kegic. 107 If you demur to the 
Jurisdiction of this Court, I must fe you know that the Court 
doth over-rule your demurrer. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 


| 43 By affidavits, motions,  shooay demurrers, flaws, and appeals, 


to protract the question from term to term and from court 
to court. 1809 Tomuns Law Dict. s. v., Demurrers are 
general, without shewing any particular causes; or sfecia/, 
where the causes of demurrer are particularly set: down. 
1861 May Const. Hist. (1863) II. x. 230 He pleaded Not 
Guilty to the first fourteen counts, and put in demurrers to 
the others. 1864 Bowen Logic ix. 299 A Demurrer has been 
happily explained to be equivalent to the remark ‘ Well, 
what of that?’ ‘ 3 

b. ¢ransf. An objection raised or exception taken 
to anything; = Demur sé. 3. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie u. vii. 205 Slowe-pac't dilatory 
pleas, Demure demurrers, stil striving to appease Hote 
zealous loue, 1873 H. Srencer Stud, Sociol. ii. (ed. 6) 45 This 
reply, is met by the demurrer that it is beside the question. 

+2. A pause, stand-still; a state of hesitation or 
irresolution ; = Demur sd, 2. Ods. 

1533 More Dedell. Salem Wks. 945/1 The matter is at 
a demurrour in this nt, and we at youriudgement. 1627 
F. E. ist, Edw. 11 (1680) 42 The greenness of the Disgrace 
Wirner Vox Pact/. 93 
Not well discerning whether Griefe, Shame, or Anger, that 
demurrer caus'd, 

+3. =DeMvurracE 2a. Obs. rare. 

1622 Matynes Anc, Law-Merch, 117 If the Master doe 
not stay out all his daies of demourer agreed vpon by the 
charterpartie of fraightment. 

urrer * (d/md'ra1). [f. Demur v. +-ER !.] 
One who demurs. 


1711 Avpison Sfect. No. 89 ®1, I shall distinguish this 
Sect of Women by the Title of Demurrers. ‘ounc Nt. 
Th. 1x. 1364 And is Lorenzo a demurrer still? 1812 A.xr- 


— 7 Sept. 565/1 It is..customary..to hear the de- 


murrer’s reasons. 
Demurring (d/m@rin), v4/. sd. [f. Demur a. 
+-1nG1,.] The action of the verb Demour, q.v. 
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. 90b, There is no dem , or 
exceptioning against histestimony. 1682 D'Urrey Butler's 


Ghost 110 Famous was he for Procuration, Dem and 
Continuation. Miss Broveuton Nancy 11. 23 But, say 
demurring, you have been away often 


I — discontent 
ore: 
Devawvaing, ppl.a, [-1nc?.] That demurs: 


see the ver 

1607 WALKINGTON Oft. Glass 118 His demurring judge- 
ment. 1742 Younc N/, 7%, 11, 35 Are there demurring wits, 
who dare dispute This revolution in the world inapird ? 

Hence Demw'rringly adv. 

1890 I. D. Harvy New Othello 1. viii. 187 ‘But ..' she 
observed demurringly. . 


DEN. 


Demy (d/mai-), sd. (and a.) Pl.demies. Also 
5-6 demye, 6 demie, deamy, dymye. [An 
vag Ae pomp | of Demi- half, retained when this 
is as a separate word. The uses are all 
bs ing and quite independent of each other.] 

+1. A gold coin current in Scotland in the 15th 
century : apparently, originally, the half-mark 
(Demi-mark: see DemMi- 7), but rising in value 
with the depreciation of the sleoreaks Yous 6s. 8d. 
to 12s. (Scotch). Ods. 

1440. J. Suirtey Dethe K. Yames (1818) 9 That whoso 
myght slee or tak hyme..shuld have iii nd demyes of 
gold, every pece worth half an Englissh Noble. 1451 Sc. 
Acts 8 Fas. 11, § 33 (1597) The Demy that now runnis for 
nine shillen; — 13 Fas. 11, § 59 It is thocht ex 
dient that the I Dem: be cryed to ten shillinges. 1489 Ld. 
Treas. Acc. Scotl., Item to a pypari 

ing xij) demyss. 1497 /did., 


+2. ‘A short close vest’ (Fairholt): cf. Dem1- 
2. Obs. 

a 1529 SkeLton Bowge of Courte 359 Of Kirkby Kendall 
at <4 shorte demye. 1540 Lage Wills I. ~4 To my 
doughter oe my best demye. 1 Nasue Lentew 
Stuffe in Hart, Misc. (1808-12) V1 166 .) He. .stript him 
out of his golden demy or mandillion, and him. 

3. Paper Manuf. Name of a certain size of paper. 
(Properly adj.; also e//ipt. as sb. =demy paper.) 

Demy printing pwd measures 17}X22} inches ; demy 
—_ paper is in Great Britain ikon in United States 
16X21. 

1546 Lanciey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. vi. 45b, There be 
diuerse maner of papers, as paper royal, paper demy, - 
ting paper, marchauntes paper. 1589 A/arprel. Epit. B, An 
hundred threescore and twelue sheets, of good Demie oe: 
1712 Act 10 Anne in Lond. Gas. No. 5018/3 For all Paper 
called. . | fine, 4s. Demy second, 2s. 6d. Demy printing, 
15. 8d, 1790 WoLcoTT nf P. Pindar) Benev. ao oa Urban 
‘Wks. 1812 I], 251 His nice-discerning Knowledge none 
deny On Crown, Imperial, Foolscap, and Demy. 1878 
Print. Trades Frnl. xxv. 9 A demy 8"°. pamphlet of about 
a dozen pages. 

4. A foundation scholar at Magdalen College, 
Oxford. 

So called because their allowance or ‘commons’ was 
originally half that of a Fellow: the Latin term is sem- 
Communarius, 

a 1486 Stat. Magdalen Coll. (MS.) 6 De electione schola- 
rium voc’ Dymyes. /éid., Pro communis cujuslibet tri- 
ginta pauperum scholarium, qui Demyes vulgariter nuncu- 
pantur dimidium summae illius quam ye quolibet alio socio, 
1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 42 $1 in Oxf & Camb, Enactm. 
12 Felawes, Scolers, Dymyes. 1615 Heyiin Memoranda 22 
july in Mem. Waynflete (1851), 1 was chosen Demie of 

lagdalen College. 1691 Woop Ath. O-ron. 1, 14 William 
Lilye was..elected one of the Demies or Semi-commoners 
of St. Mary Magd. Coll. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt, Brit. 11. 
246 Magdalen-College .. has a President, 40 Fellows, a 
School-master, 30 Scholars called Demies. 1880 Green //ist. 
Eng. People 10. vin. iii. co The expulsion of the Fellows 
was followed..by that of the Demies. 

5. Short for Demi-Bar, q.v.: A kind of false dice 
used in cheating. 

1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage (1859) 38 The name of their 


Cheates, Bard-dice, Flattes, ers, Langrets, Gourds, 
Demies, and many others. 1801 ‘Sporting Mag. XVIII. 100 
A bale of demies. 


+ 6. A half-grown lad, a youth, Oés. 
1589 Warner Alb, Eng. v. xxvii, Next but demies, nor 
es, nor men, our dangerous times succeede. 
my-: see Demi-. 
Demycent, -sent: sce Demi-crrnt Ods. 
Demyd, obs. pa. t. of Deem v., Dim v. 
Demyse @: see DEMI-GIRDLE Ods. 


2 demi-. 

A scholarship at Magdalen 

1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c, 42§ rin oy, & Camb, Enactm, 
i 


Scolersh D i 
itandate a8 uly in Maga, Coll. (Oxf, Hist Soe io ay 


, obs. form of Dimitry. 
Den (den), sd.! Forms: 1-4 denn, 4-7 denne, 


(45 deen), 3- den. [OE. denn habitation of a 
wild beast :—OTeut. type *danjo™, corresp. in form 
to OHG. éenni neut., MHG, éenne neut. fem., Ger. 


tenne f. floor, thrashing-floor, OLG. *denni, early 
mod. Du. denne ‘floor, pavement, ing of a ship, 
also cave, cavern, den’ Bs cf. also MDu. 
dann m. forest, abode of wild beasts, waste place, 
open country. The same root dan- appears in 
dean, OE. (:—dani-) vale: the root-meaning 
is uncertain. 
1. The lair or habitation of a wild beast. 


Beowulf 5512 Geseah [he] .. wundur on and pas 
An cx000 Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 187/1 Lus(ra, 
Pang Bestiary 13 De leun .. 


DEN. 


Bre od xxxvii. 8 Then the beastes goe into dennes; and 
remaine in their places. 1808 Scorr Marm. vi. xiv, And 
darest thou then To beard the lion in his den, The Douglas 
in his hall? 

2. A place hollowed out of the ground, a cavern 
(‘+ occas. a pit). Ods. or blended with 1 or 3. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 4185 (Cott.) Tac we him out of yon den 
(Joseph in the pit]. 1382 Wyciir Hed. xi. 38 Thei erringe 
in..dennys and cauys of the erthe, 1387 Trevisa Higden 
(Rolls) I. 315 Pe lond of Sicilia is holow and ful of dennes 
LL. cavernosa). 1530 Patscr. 212/2 Den, a hole in the 
grounde, canerne. 1548 Hatt Chron. 191 [They] lurked in 
dennes and wholes secretly. 1588 SHaks. 77. A. 1. iii, 215 
Aaron and thou looke downe into this den. 1678 Bunyan 
Pilgr. 1. 1, lighted on a certain place, Where was a Denn; 
And I laid me down in that place to sleep, 1726 CAVALLIER 
“Mem. 1, 101, 1. .had already search’d into several Denns and 
Caverns of the Mountains. 1847 Emerson Poems, Saadi 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 473 No churl, immured in cave or den. 

3. transf. and fig. A place of retreat or abode 
(likened to the lair of a beast); a secret lurking- 
place of thieves or the like (cf. Matt. xxi. 13). 

e1275 Pains of Hell 176 in O.E. Misc. 152 Vvrper per beop 
olde men Pat among neddren habbeb heore den. ¢ 1340 
Cursor M. 14745 (Trin.) Je hit make..A den to reset -inne 
peues. c1430 How wise Man taught Son 132 in Babees 
Bk, 52 How litil her good doop hem availe Whanne pei be 
doluen in her den. 1588 Srenser /’/re7l's Guat 96 No such 
sad cares..Do ever creepe into the shepheards den, 1719 
De For Crusoe (1840) II. viii. 186 [They would have] made 
the island a den of thieves. 1810 Scorr Lady of L. 1. iv, The 
Cavern, where, ’tis told, A giant made his den of old. 1860 
Tynpat G/ac. 1. xxiii. 167 The very type of a robber den. 

b. A small confined room or abode; esf, one 
unfit for human habitation. 

1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, The musicians were securely 
confined in an elevated den. 1840 T. A. TRoLLope Sv. 
Brittany 1. 315 The frightful dens of some of the Manchester 
operatives, 189r E. Peacock NV, Brendon II. 100 The filthy 
den where her mother lived. 

e. collog. A small room or lodging in which a 
man can seclude himself for work or leisure ; as, 
‘a bachelor’s den’. 

1771 Smottetr Humph, Cl. 5 June P 3 So saying, he 
retreated into his den, 1816 Scorr Le/é. (1894) I. 372 
A little boudoir .. a good eating-room, and a small den for 
me in particular, 1882 Blackw, Mag. Dec. 709 [He] went 
off in the direction of his own den, a little room in which he 
smoked and kept his treasures. 

4. The name given in the Lowlands of Scotland, 
and north of England, to the conventional enclosure 
or place of safety in boys’ out-of-door games, called 
elsewhere the home, bay, or base. 

5. ‘A deep hollow between hills; a dingle’ 
(Jam.). Se. local. 

{‘Often applied to a wooded hollow’ (Jam.), and then 
nearly synonymous with Dean2; but not the same word.] 

1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech, (1884) 23 In the vail or den 
quharin thow usit to commit ydolatrie. 1785 Burns 70 WW. 
Simpson x, We'll sing auld Coila’s..banks an’ braes, her 
dens an’ dells. a 1800 Ballad, ‘The dowie dens of Yarrow.’ 
1806 Sir W. Forses Beattie II. 51 (Jam.), I have made 
several visits of late to the Den of Rubislaw. Note. A Den, 
in the vernacular language of Scotland. .is synonymous with 
what in England is called a Dingle. 

(In many place names, as Dura Dex near Cupar Fife, The 
Den near Kirkcaldy, Hawthornden in Mid Lothian; but as 
a termination often representing earlier dene, dean.) 

+6. Anat. A cavity or hollow. Obs, 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R.1t. xxii. (1495) 70 Oute of a 
denne of the lyfte syde of the herte comyth a veyne. 1615 
Crooxe Body of Man 609 The implanted Ayre concluded 
within the dennes or cauities of the Eares. 1683 Snare 
Anat. Horse 11. xiv. (1686) 140 The Caverns or Cavities, by 
some called Dens. ; . 

7. Comb., as + den-dreadful adj. (= dreadful with 
dens of wild beasts). 

162r G, Sanpys Ovid's Met. 1. (1626) 6 Now past den- 
dreadfull Mznalus confines [M/anala .. latebris horrenda 
Serarum), 

+ Den, sd.2 Also dene, deyn. Obs. Sc. variant 
of Dan |, sir, master. 

©1378 Sc. Leg. Saints, Egipciane 1110 To 30ur abbot, 
dene Iohne, say. c1425 WyNtoun Cron. vu. x. 92 (Jam.) 
The Abbot of Abbyrbrothok than, Den Howry. € 1450 
Hottanp How/at 199 Gret Ganeris.. That war demyt, but 
dowt, denyss douchty. 1552 LynpEesay Monarche 4670-2 
All Monkrye..Ar callit Denis, for dignite; Quhowbeit his 
mother mylk the kow, He man be callit Dene Androw. 

Den °, in the salutation good den; see GOODEN. 

Den (den), v1 [f. Den 50.1] 

1. refl. (or passive). To ensconce or hide oneself 
in (or as in) a den. 

¢ 1220 Sairers 36 Wu he dennede him in Sat defte 
meiden, Marie bi name. 1613 Heywoop Silver Age i. 
Wks. 1874 III, 129 If he be den’d, Il’e rouze the monstrous 
beast. 1632 Lirucow 7yav. vil. 315 A pit digged to hide 
the Gunner. .the Gunner lay denned, and durst not stirre, 
1823 Gat Zntail II. xvii. 157 ‘ Hae ye ony ark or amrie.. 
where a body might den himsel till they’re out o’ the gate 
and away?’ , 

2. intr. To live or dwell ina den ; to escape into, 
or hide oneself in, a den. 

To den up: to retire into a den for the winter, as a hiber- 
nating animal. (U.S. collog.) 

1610 G. Fietcuer Christ's Vict. xiv, The sluggish 
saluages, that den belowe. 1722 Duptey in Phil. Trans. 
XXXII. 295 They generally den among the Rocks in 

at aes, Sa together. cx1860 Tom Taytor in Thorn- 

ry Two Cent. of Song (1867) 261 In a dingier set of 
chambers no man need wish to stow, Than those, old 
friend, wherein we denned, at Ten, Crown Office Row. 


191 


1894 Home Miss. (N.Y.) Jan. 463 Our people. .are inclined 
to ‘den up’ in the hot weather, as certain animals..do in 
the cold season. : ; 

+38. Toden out: to drive (a beast) out of its den ; 
to unearth. Ods. 

ss Hanmer Chron. Tred, (1633) 203 [They] burned their 
Cabbans and Cottages, and such as dwelt in caves and 
rockes underground (as the manner is to denne out Foxes) 
they fired and smothered to death. 

Hence Denned (dend) Af/. a., Denning v0/. sé. 

1622 S. Warp Woe to Drunkards (1627) 45 Insuch townes 
this Serpent hath no nestling, no stabling, or denning. 
1854 Zazt’s Mag. XXI1. 165 Arousing a denned lion. 

+ Den, v.2 Ods.rare—'. [Etymol. doubtful : cf. 
Dem v.1] ¢rans. To dam up. 

1375 Barnour Bruce xiv. 354 This fals tratour his men had 
maid..'lhe ysche of a louch to den [77#e men]. 

Den, obs. form of Dean! (decanus), DENE 2 

Den and Strand: see DENE 2. 

Denaer: see Dinar, 

Denalagu (OE.): see DANELAW. 

+Dena'me, v. (ds. [f. Dr- I. 3 + Name v., 
after OF. denomer, denommer, VL. dénominare.} 
trans. To denominate. 

1555 Apr. Parker /’s. cxix. 365 These fiftene Psalmes next 
followyng Be songs denamd of steps or stayers. « 1640 
Jackson Creed x. notes, Wks. IX. 268 The exorbitance of 
a diseased appetite in man is therefore denamed ‘ caninus 
appetitus ’. 

Denar, denare (d/naz, d7na:1,-@'1), Forms: 
6 denaire, 6-8 denare, 6-denar. [Modification 
of ME. dener, denere (from OF. dener), DENIER, 
assimilated to L. dénarius, It. denaro, danaro, and 
the adaptations of these in other languages.] 
A coin: the Roman DEenartus; the Italian denaro 
or Spanish azvero of the 16-17th c.; the Persian 
and East Indian Dinar, q.v. 

1547 Boorve /utrod, Anowdl. 179 In Italy ..in bras they 
haue kateryns & byokes & denares. 1597 1s¢ Pt. Return 
Jr. Parnass. 1. i. 196 Vhe villaine would not part with a 
denaire. 1699 BentLey Phad. xiv. 438 Vhe Sicilian Talent 
was anciently Six, and afterwards Three Denares. 1701 
W. Wotton //ist. Rome Notes 154 Antony..promises 5000 
Denares to every private Soldier. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 
367 The solidi .. were reckoned as equal to twelve silver 
denars. /éid. 368 Smaller gold pieces were also coined.. 
under the name of gold pennies, gold denars or oboluses. 

Denarcotize: see Dr- II. 1. 

+ Dena‘riate, sd. Ods. or Hist. [ad. med.L. 
denariat-us (in Laws of Edw. Confessor, Du 
Cange), f. L. dénarius penny: sce below.] A 
portion of land worth a penny a year. 

1610 W. Fotkincuam Art of Survey u. vii. 58 There be 
also other quantities of Land taking their denominations 
from our vsual Coine; as Fardingdeales, Obolates, Dena- 
riates, Solidates, Librates, 1670 in BLount Law Dict. s.v. 
Fardingdeal, | 

+ Dena‘riate, a. Ods. [f. L. dindri-us (see 
below), in med. sense ‘money’: see -ATE?.] Of 
or pertaining to money; monetary. 

1632 Lirucow Trav. x. 441 The Host perceiving their 
denariat charge, he entered their chamber, when they were 
asleepe. | 

Denarie, obs. form of Denary. 

|| Denarius (dénérits), Pl, denarii (-ij2i). 
[L., for déndrius niimus denary coin, coin con- 
taining ten (asses), f. dénz every ten, ten by ten: 
see -ARY !.] 

1. An ancient Roman silver coin, originally of 
the value of ten asses (about eightpence of modern 
English money). 

1579, Nortu Plutarch (1612) 862 (Stanf.) Eleuen Myriades 
of their Denarij. 1645 Evetyn Diary (1850) I. 182 (ibid., 
Ten asses make the Roman denarius. 1788 Priesttey Lec?, 
fist, ut. xv. (R.), In the early times of Rome, the price of a 
sheep was a denarius, or eight pence. 1840 ArnoLp //is/. 
Rome Il. 534 The silver coinage [of Rome] was first intro- 
duced in the year 485; and the coins struck were denarii, 
quinarii, and sestertii, 1877 C. Gerkir Christ liv. (1879) 650 
When they came .. who were hired at the eleventh hour, 
they received each a denarius. . 

2. A gold coin (denarius aureus) of the ancient 
Roman empire, worth 25 silver denarii. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. §& Min. 8 Vhe fourth part of a 
golden denarius, 1817 Cotesrooxe A/gebra Ixxxiv, We 
read in Roman authors of golden as well as silver denarii. 

3. The weight of the silver denarius used as a 
measure of weight, nearly equivalent to the Greek 
drachma. 

31398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxxi. (1495) 940 
Scrupulus that is the eyghtenthe Huolus is callyd Denarius 
and is acountyd for ten pans. 1771 Raper in PAi?. Trans. 
LXI. 492 The Romans did not use the Denarius for a weight 
-. till the- Greek physicians .. prescribed by it, as they 
had been accustomed to do by the Drachm in their own 
country, : 

4] In English monetary reckoning used for ‘ penny’, 
and abbreviated @.; see D III. 1. 

+Denarrrable, a. Obs.—° [f. L. dénarra-re to 
narrate +-BLE.] ‘ Proper to be related, capable of 
being declared ’. 

1727 Baiey vol. II, 1730-6 — (folio). . 

So + Denarra‘tion, ‘a narration’ (Bailey, 1727). 

‘> Denney, denarie, s/.1 Os. [ad. L. dé- 
na?ius.| = DENARIUS, the Roman penny. 

©1449 Pecock Xefr. u. ii. 140 Thei offriden to him a de- 


DENATURE. 


narie, 1548 UpALt, etc. Evasm. Par. Matt. xviii. 93 An 
hundreth denaries. 1550 Latimer Sev, Stamford Wie KE 
279 ‘ Shew me .. a penny of the tribute money’.. and they 
brought him a denari. 1615 BricutmMan Revelation 213 Let 
thre such measures of barly bee sold for a denary. "1674 
Jeake Arith, (1696) 105 ‘This is sometime called Drachinat 
Denary for distinction sake. 

Denary (d/nari), a. and 50.2 
containing ten.] 

A. adj. Relating to the number ten; having ten 
as the basis of reckoning ; decimal. 

1848 C. WorpswortH //1nlscan Lect. Apocalypse 524 Being 
toes they must be ten..in other successive prophecies this 
denary number is retained, 1875 Aucycl. Brit. 11. 463 Vo 
convert 8735 of the denary into the duodenary scale, 1891 
Pall Mall G, 4 Aug. 6/1 Vhe ten denary symbols, 

+B. sb. Obs. 

1. The number ten; a group of ten, a decad. 

1615 CrookeE Body of Man 337 Three Denaries or Decades 
of weekes. a@1648 Sir K. Dicsy in Suppl. to Cabala 248 
(T.) Centenaries, that are composed of denaries, and they of 
units. 1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 180 Sup- 
pose..Denary, is such a setled number and no other. 

2. A tithing or tenth part. 

1577 Harrison “England u. iv. (1877) 1. 91 He diuided.. 
lathes into hundreds, and hundreds into tithings, or denaries. 

Denationalization (dina fonaloizéifon).  [f. 
next +-aTIon, Also in mod.F, (-7sa/ion), Littré.] 
The action of denationalizing, or condition of being 
denationalized. 

1814 Sir R. Witson Déary II. 363 Is not the advantage 
. counterbalanced by the extinction of Poland and Italy, by 
the denationalisation of two such interesting portions of 
Europe? 1868 Ditke Greater Brit. 1.1. iv. 45 Americans 
are never slow to ridicule the denationalization of New York, 

Denationalize (dine fonaloiz), v.  [a. F. dé- 
nationaliser (a word of the French Revolution), f. 
De- Il. 1+ ational, nationaliser.] 

1. “rans. To deprive of nationality; to take his 
proper nationality from (a person, a ship, etc.) ; to 
destroy the independent or distinct nationality of 
(a country). 

1807 Aun. Reg. 779 By these acts the British government 
denationalizes ships of every country in Europe. 1841 
Blackw, Mag. L. 773 Vo denationalize themselves, and to 
endeavour to forget that they have a country. 1880 
MeCartuy Own Vimes 111. 365 New steps were taken for 
denationalising the country and effecting its. .subjugation. 

2. ‘lo make (an institution, etc.) no longer na- 
tional ; to divest of its character as belonging to 
the whole nation, or to a particular nation, 

1839 Zies 29 June in Spirit Metropol. Consera'. Press 
(1840) II. 122 The attempt to..denationalise the education 
of the infant poor. 1878. V. Aimer. Rev. CXXVI. 266 Vhat 
this crime against humanity [slavery]..should be denation- 
alized. 

Hence Dena'tionalized f//.a.,Dena‘tionalizer, 
Dena‘tionalizing v4/. sb. and pf/. a. 

1812 QO. Rev, VIII. 205 ‘Those denationalised neutrals have 
no right to resist. 1848 Zart's A/ag. XV. 826 A horrid 
system of denationalizing has roused in them terrible pas- 
sions. 1860 Sa¢. Rev. X. 471/2 ‘The cosmopolitan and de- 
nationalizing character of the Church. 1882 J. H. Buunt 
Ref, Ch. Eng. 11, 206 A long train of foreigners or denation- 
alized Englishmen. 

Denaturalization (dinz:tiitraloizé'fon).  [f. 
next + -ATION, Soin mod.F.] The action of de- 
naturalizing, or condition of being denaturalized. 

1811 Chron, in Ann, Reg. 347 Every person, a subject of 
this kingdom, who leaves it without a passport. .shall incur 
the punishment of denaturalisation. 1881 Scribner's Mag. 
XXII. 94 He must submit to letters of denaturalization, if 
he is to be passed, 

b. = DENATURATION. 

1882 Chentist §& Druggist XXIV. 51/2 A Commission in 
Germany has reported on the processes of denaturalisation 
of Alcohol for manufacturing purposes. 

Denaturalize (dénetitiralaiz), v. [f. Dn- II. 
1+natural, naturalize; so in mod.F, (Littré). 

1. ¢vans. To deprive of its original nature; to 
alter or pervert the nature of; to make unnatural. 

1812 Soutney Omniana 1. 34 All creatures are, more or 
less, denaturalized by confinement. 1853 H. Rocers Zc. 
Faith 140 This ‘spiritual’ faculty..denaturalised and dis- 
abled, 188x Patcrave Visions Eng. Pref. 13 The lyrical 
ballad .. like certain wild flowers, is almost always de- 
naturalized by culture. ‘ 

2. To deprive of the status and rights of a natural 
subject or citizen; the opposite of watiralize. 

1816 KeatincE 7vav. (1817) II. 119 The Duque d’ Aveiro, 
having been degraded and denaturalized previous to con- 
demnation, 1838 Prescotr Ferd. § Js. (1846) I, Introd. 30 
They also claimed the privilege, when aggrieved, of de- 
naturalizing themselves, or, in other words, of publicly re- 
nouncing their allegiance to their Sovereign. 

Hence Dena‘turalized, -izing f/. adjs. 

1800 Soutney Zz/ (1850) II. 45 By residing in that huge 
denaturalised city, 31812 Edin. Rev. XIX. 375 Cast off 
without ceremony as denaturalized beings. 1820 Lond. 
Mag. May 549/2 The practice of such denaturalizing de. 
pravities. 1847 De Quincey Schlosser’s Lit. Hist. Wks. 
1862 VII. 54 In their own denaturalised hearts they read 
only a degraded nature. 


Denature (dinéttiitr), v. [a. F. dénaturer, 
OF. desnaturer, f, des-, dé- (DE- I, 6) + nature ; 
a doublet of DisNaTuRE.] 

+1. trans. To render unnatural. Ods. 


1685 Corton tr. Montaigne III. 158 Fanatick people, who 
think to honour their nature by denaturing themselves, 


[ad. L. déndrt-as 


DENDRAL. 


2. To alter (anything) so as to change its nature ; 
e.g. to render alcohol or tea unfit for consumption. 
ence Dena‘tured ///. a.; also Denatura‘tion. 
1878 J. THomson Plenip. Key 7 If your liquor be..not of 
the denatured nature of milk. .chicory coffee. 1882 
Athenxum 25 Mar, 385/1 A paper ‘On the Denaturation of 
Alcohol by the Action of Wood-Spirit’, 1888 Manch. Exam. 
3 July 6/5 Regulations authorising the removal from bond 
of what was termed denatured tea. 

Denaur, var. of Dinar, an eastern coin. 

Denay, obs. variant of Deny v. and sd, 

Dendelion, obs. form of DaNDELION. 

Dendrachate, etc. : see under DenDRo-. 

Dendral, a. rare. [f. Gr. 5év5p-ov tree+-AL.] 
Pertaining to or of the nature of a tree ; arboreal. 

1874 H. W. Beecuer in Christian Union 28 Jan. 72 Such 
trees as that dendral child of God, the elm. 

Dendranatomy, -anthropology : see under 
Denpro-. 

+Dendrical, a. Os. [f.2s prec. +-Ic + -aL.] 
Of the nature of or resembling a tree; dendritic. 

1758 Menves pA Costa in Monthly Rev. 454 The said 
author took a dendrites fresh dug .. scraped all the black or 
dendrical substance from it. 

Dendriform (de‘ndriffim), a. [f. as prec. + 
-rorM, L. -form-ts ; after cruciform, etc.] Of the 
form of a tree ; branching, arborescent. 

1847 in CraiG. 1869 Nicnotson Zool. 89 A dendriform 
mass. 1888 Rotieston & Jackson Anim. Life 791 A sponge 
may be. . leaf or fan-like, branched or dendriform. 


Dendrite (de‘ndrait). Also in Lat. form den- 
drites (dendrai't7z), pl. dendrite (-t7).  [ad. Gr. 
Bevdpirns of or pertaining to a tree, f. dévdpor tree: 
see -ITE, In F. dendrite (1732 in Trévoux).] 


| Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) 11. 96/2 


| La Saussaye's Man. Sc. Relig. xii. 89 


| fleshy, fenestrated leaves. 


1. A natural marking or figure of a branching | 


form, like a tree or moss, found on or in some 
stones or minerals ; a stone or mineral so marked. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cyc. s.v., In some dendrites, the figures, 
or signatures, penetrate quite through. 1774 STRANGE 
in Phil. Trans. LXV. 35 It is also variegated by frequent 
dendrites. 1825 Coteripce Aids Refi. (1848) 1. 27 As den- 
drites derive the outlines. .from the casual neighbourhood 
and pressure of the plants. 1863 Lye.t Antig. Man vii. 
(ed, 3) 116 Those ramifying crystallizations called dendrites 
usually consisting of the mixed oxyds of iron and man- 


ganese, forming extremely delicate brownish sprigs, resem- | 


bling the smaller kinds of sea-weeds. 

Comb, 1856 Stancey Sinai § Pal. i. (1858) 45 The older 
travellers. .all notice what they call Dendrite-stones,—i. e. 
stones with fossil trees marked upon them, 

2. A crystalline growth of branching or arbor- 
escent form, as of some metals under electrolysis. 

1882 A. S. Herscuer in Nature No. 642. 363 After a few 
hours of charging, the rough dendrites of humus-coloured 
substance acquired frond-like form. 

Hence Dendri‘tiform a., having the form or ap- 
pearance of a dendrite. 

18g0 in Cent. Dict. 

Dendritic (dendri tik), a. 
(in F. dendritique): see -1c.] Resembling or of 
the nature of dendrite: said of various structures or 
formations, chiefly mineral and animal. 

1. Of a branching form; arborescent, tree-like. 

1816 P. Creaverann Mineral. 445 This variety. .is reni- 
form, dendritic, in membranes, &c. 1841 ‘Trimmer /’ract. 
Geol. 74 Dendritic native silver and copper. 1870 Rot- 
LESTON Anim. Life Introd. 102 This structure .. may be 
either dendritic or foliaceous. 

2. Waving arborescent markings. 


dendritic calcedony. 
110 Imitations of ferns and foliage..in moss-agates, or in 
what are called dendritic pebbles. 

Dendritical (dendritikal), a. 
-AL.] = prec. 

1822 G. Younc Geol. Surv. Yorksh. Coast (1828) 183 The 
dendritical impressions. .observed in the parting of sand- 
stone. 1823 Farapay £-xf, Res. xviii. 82 The Hydrate is 
produced in a crust or in dendritical crystals. B 

Hence Dendri‘tically adv., like a dendrite. 

1884 E. Kuein Micro-Organisms § Disease xiii. 60 In some 
species [of Bacteria] the zooglwa is dendritically ramified. 


Dendro-, before a vowel dendr-, combining 
form of Gr. 5évépoy tree, as in De'ndrachate 
(-kéit) [see AcHATE sd.'], a variety of agate with 
tree-like markings. +Dendrana‘tomy, the ana- 
tomy of trees (ods.). Dendranthropo'logy (so0vce- 
wd.), ‘study based on the theory that man had 
sprung from trees’ (Davies). Dendrocla‘stic a., 
breaking or destroying trees, sb, a destroyer of 
trees. Dendrode’ntine, ‘the form of branched 
dentine seen in compound teeth, produced by the 
interblending of the dentine, enamel, and cement’ 
(Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883); cf. Dexpropoxt below. 
Dendro'graphy, description of trees (Syd. Soc. 
Lex.). Dendroheliopha‘llic a., said of a sym- 
bolic figure combining a tree, a sun, and a phallus. 
Dendro‘latry, worship of trees. De'ndrolite, a 
petrified or fossil tree or part of a tree, Dendro'- 
meter, an instrument for measuring trees. De'n- 
drophil, a lover of trees, Dendro‘philous ¢., 
tree-loving; in Bot. growing on or twining round 
trees. De‘ndrostyle (Zoo/.), one of the four pillars 


[f. as prec. + 


[mod. f. DenpDRITE 


192 
by which the syndendrium is suspended from the 


umbrella in the A’Aézostomide. 
{1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey), Dendrachates (Gr.), a kind of 
Agate-stone, the Veins and Spots of which ble the 


| 
| 


DENE-HOLE. 


.. since the time of Evelyn .. should have taken up .. the 

Dep of the Jbid. Introd. 10 
This .. work .. mcludes about 100 Trees and Shrubs for the 
Dendrologist, indigenous to the British Isles. 1869 W. 


Figures of Trees and Shrubs.] 1865 Pace Handbk. Geol. 
Terms, Dendrachate .. moss-agate ; agate exhibiting in its 
sections the forms or figures of vegetable growths. 1697 
Phil. Trans. X1X. 558 Dendranatome may, tho’ more 
remotely, advance even the Practice of Physick, by the Dis- 
covery of the Oeconomy of Plants. 1753 Cuampers Cycé. 
Supp., Dendranatomy, aterm used by Malpighi and others 
to express the dissection of the ligneous parts of trees and 
shrubs, in order to the examining their structure and uses. 
@ 1843 Soutney Doctor ccxv. VII. 168 He formed, therefore, 
no system of dendranthropology. 1856 Cham). Frni. V1. 
352 Are we not afflicted by dendroclastics? 1854 Owen in 
e find not fewer than six leading 
modifications in fishes. 1. Hard or true dentine. .5. Dendro- 
dentine. 1891 T. J. Jeaxes in NV. & Q. 7th Ser. XII. 395 The 
dendroheliophallic ‘Tree of Life’, probably. 18gx tr. De 
i he impressions 
which have given rise to dendrolatry. 1828 Wesster, Den- 
drolite, a petrified or fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant. 
Dict. of Nat. Hist. 1865 Pace Handbk. Geol. Terms, Den- 
drolite..a general term for any fossil stem, branch, or other 
fragment of a tree, 1 Gentl, Mag. 552 An account of 
the new invented Dendrometer. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., 
Dendrometer, an instrument for measuring the height and 
diameter of trees, to estimate the cubic feet of timber therein. 
It has means for taking vertical and horizontal angles, and 
is mounted ona tripod stand. 1888 Pad/ Mall G. 21 Dec. 
3/1 This is the statement of a wild dendrophil. 1886 Guit- 


LemARD Cruise ‘Marchesa’ 11. 188 Dendrophilous plants , u 


swarmed up the tree-trunks and shrouded them with their 
1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. 
Kingd. (ed. 4) 88 The main trunks of the dependent polypi- 
ferous root or stem unite above into a thick quadrate disk 
(syndendrium), which is suspended by four stout pillars 
(dendrostyles), one springing from each angle. 

Dendrabe (dencr&eb). fad. wodl. Dendre- 
dium, {. Gr. bévBpov tree + Bios life.] Anglicized 
form of Dendrobium, name of a genus of iy alo 
orchids, of which many species are cultivated for the 
beauty of their flowers. 

1882 Zhe Garden 7 Jan. 9/3 One word in praise of this old 
and dear Dendrobe. 1891 /’al/ Mail G. 2 Nov. 3/2 The 
discovery of what the Anglo-German importers call the 
‘Elephant Moth Dendrobe’..the Dendrobium Phalenop- 
sis Schréderianum, 

Dendroclastic: see under DeNDRo-. 

Dendroceel, -cele (de‘ndrosil), a. Zool. [f. 
Denpro- + Gr, xoiAia the body-cavity, abdomen.] 
Having a branched or arborescent intestine ; be- 
longing to the division Dendrocala of Turbellarian 
Worms. Also Dendroce‘lan, Dendroce ‘lous, 
in same sense. 

1869 Nicnotson Zool, xxiv. (1880) 242 The Nemerteans .. 
make a near approach to the dendrocelous Planarians. 
1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv, Anim. iv. 194 Sometimes a simple 
sac..and occasionally branched, like that of the dendro- 
coele ‘Turbellaria, 

Dendrocolaptine (de:ndrokole-ptain, -in), 
a. Ornith. [f. DENDRO- + oAdm7-ev to peck, etc.] 
Belonging or allied to the genus of birds Dendro- 
colaptes, or South American tree-creepers. 

1892 W. H. Hupson La Plata 147 There is in La Plata 
a small very common Dendrocolaptine bird —Anumdbius 
acuticaudatus 

Dendrodentine: see under DENDRO-, 

Dendrodic (dendrg‘dik), a. 
tree-like + -1c. Cf. also mod.L. Dendrodus.] Hav- 
ing a branching or arborescent structure, as the teeth 


vieg-1y R. Jaunson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 77. Steative and | of the  agtheg Dendrodus of fossil fishes : see next. 


Hi MACMILSAM) Trae Vane iiss | or tree-like tooth was, in at least the Old 


1854 H. Miter Footpr. Creat. v. (187478 The dendrodic 


ed Sandstone, a 
characteristic of all the Celacanth family. 

Dendrodont (de‘ndrodgnt), sb. anda. Palwont, 
and Zool. [f. Denpro- + Gr, d5ovr- em 

A. sb. A fish of the extinct fossil genus Dendro- 
dus, characterized by teeth of dendritic structure, 
(Cf. dendrodentine wnder DENDRO-.) 

1849-52 Owen in Todd Cyc?. Anat. 1V. 1. 869 The seem- 
ingly simple conical teeth of the extinct family of fishes 
which I have called ‘Dendrodonts’. 1865 Pack Handbk, 
Geol. Terms. z 

B. adj. Having, or consisting of, teeth of den- 
dritic internal structure, 

1872 Nicnotson Palvont. 326 Dentition dendrodont. 1880 
Guntuer Fishes 365 Dentition jont. 

Dendrography, etc. : see under DENDRO-. 


Dendroid (de'ndroid), a. [f. Gr. 5é5p-ov + 


_R Parks & Gardens Paris (1878) 


school of Dend here. 1875 lowten ties Che Te 
137 The Acar sp fee ible of a high polish : ener 
ear the woods of certain trees. 1884 Science 
4 July 10 1 science has met with a great .. loss 
in the death of Alphonse Lavallée. 

Dendrometer, -phil, -style: see Denpro-. 

Dene (din), sd.! Another spelling of Dean sé.2, 
a (wooded) vale. 

Dene (din), st.2 Also den, deine, deane. [Of 


| uncertain derivation. 


The sense seems to make it distinct from dene, Dean 2* 
and suggests affinity to LG. dine (now also mod. Ger.), 
E.Fris. and N.Fris. dine, diin, Du. duin, sand-hill on the 
coast : F. dune in same sense. But its relationship to 
these words is phonetically uncertain, and rendered more 
so by the existence of the form den, Relationship to Ger. 
tenne floor, perh. orig. ‘a flat’, has also been suggested; but 
the history of the word does not go back far enough to admit 
of any certain conclusion.) 

1. A bare sandy tract by the sea ; a low sand-hill ; 
as in the Denes north and south of Yarmouth, Dene- 
side there, the Den at Exmouth, Teignmouth, etc. 

a. in form den. $ 

1278 [see 2]. 1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 26 There 
being aboue fiue thousand pounds worth of them at a time 
nm her dens a sunning. 1776 Witnertnc Brit. Plants 
(1796) IIT. 563 On the sandy den at ‘Teignmouth, plentiful. 
1847 Hatuiwett, Den, a sandy tract near the sea, as at 
Exmouth, and other places. 

B. in form dene. 

1816 Kreatince Trav. (181 es 7 Quitting Calais for St. 
Omars,—the deines or cand ills .. in. Blackw. 
Mag. Apr. 424/2 A ‘broad’.. separated from the sea by a 
narrow strip of low sand-banks, and sandy downs or deanes 
as they are there termed. 1855 Kincstey Westww. Ho ! xvi, 
Mrs. Leigh. .watched the ship glide out between the yellow 
denes. 1857 — 7wo Y. Ago 50 Great banks and denes of 
shifting sand. 

+2. Den and strand: 

* Den .. is The Liberty the Ports Fishermen shall have to 
beet or mend, and to dry their Nets at Great Yarmouth, 
upon Marsh Lands there, yet called The Dennes, during .. 
all the Herring Season. trond .. the Liberty the Fisher- 
men have to come to the Key at Great Yarmouth, and 
deliver their Herrings freely’ (Jeake). Ods. 

1278 Charter Edw. I in Jeake Charters Cingue Ports 

1728) 12 Et quod habeant Den & Strond, apu nam 

ernemouth [frans/, in epee g Vay. (1598) 1. 117 that 
they shall haue Denne and Strande at Great Yarmouth]. 
1331 Charter Edw. 11, ibid. 13 Nous .. voillouns qu'ils 
ayount lour eysementz en Strande & Den saunz approprie- 
ment del soil. — in Putiurps. 

+ Dene, 54.8 Obs. A fictitious sb. made by 
separating the adv. BEpENE, dydene ‘together, 
straight on, straightway’ into de dene, by dene; 


| whence, by =~ the preposition, with dene. 
od 


[f. Gr, Ber5pw5-ns — 


¢1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Vincentius 328 As pai had sene It 
pat el downe wes done with dene. ¢ St. Cuthbert 
(Surtees) 7804 Nine 3ere .. And twa moneths, all’ be dene, 
?¢1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 272 Take thy leue of kinge and 
quene, And so to all the courte by dene. $ 

+ Dene, a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. dén-i.] Ten. 

¢1420 Pallad. on Hush, 1. 587 Whenne the moone is daies 
dene Of age is good, and til she be fiftene. 

Dene, var. Dain sé., Den sé.2; obs. f. Dean}, 


and Diy. 
+ Denegate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. déne- 
gare to deny.) To deny. 


1623 in Cockeram. 1652 F. Kirkman Clerio & L. 124, 
I cannot denegate any thing unto thee, 


_ Denega’ (denfgét'fan), [a. F. dénégation 
| (desn-), 1 c. in Hatzf., ad. L. dénegition-em, n. 


of action from dénegire to pape 
+1. Refusal to grant, denial of what is asked. 
1489 [Vill of F. Welbeke (Somerset Ho.), Withouten an’ 
delay fraude denegacion or troble. 148 Haut Chron, (1809) 
849 Denegacion of Tustice. ad 1Gcs New Disp. ? 273 
A denegation of that, to which hath had a strong op- 


tation. 
2. Denial, contradiction. 
1831 Soutuey in Q. Rev. XLV. 199 The base and beaten 


h of denegation. Srevenson Master of B. vi. 
rt ht to interrupt him with some eet tery ieee 


-o: cf. Gr. Ser3ph5ns, contr. from derdpoedys.] ee ane i conte Mend oes Dele i io tensle 
Of the form of a tree; dendritic, t. gatory assertion 25g A tory deaaradine: a: 
1846 Dana Zoofh. (1848) 544 A dendroid imen in the laration denying the fact charged in the accusation. 
i collections Of Peale's iidseum. 1869 Nicnotson Zool. | + Deneger. Obs. = DENIER. 
10) roid, or t ike, corals, i + 
ndroi-dal, a. [f. as prec. + -Au.] =prec. Bsa pe abe Sa nr » but perch. intentionally. £ 
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 372/2 (Corals) Polyparium den- 1583 Sruppes Anat, Abus. 1, (1879) 115 An infidell, and a 
droidal, dichotomous, 1592 — abe Wks. (1593) 117 


Dendrolatry, -lite: sce under DenpRo-. 


Dendrology (dendrplédzi). [f. Denpro- + 
Gr. -Aoya discourse, -LoGy.] The study of trees ; 
the department of botany which treats of trees. So 
Dendrolo'gic, Dendrolo‘gical, Dendro‘logous 
adjs.,/belonging to dendrology; Dendrologist, one 
versed in dendrology, a professed student of tregs. 

1708 Kersey, ogy, a Treatise, or Discourse of Trees, 
1825 P.W. Watson Dendrot. Brit. Introd, 1 That no person 


See ae i Is, denegers of the faith, 
eat in! ’ 
Dene- Dane-hole (din-, dén,hdul). 


name pete Gee In 
various parts of the country, Sg ape Ae D oon 


DENEREL. 


where ; but if so, it may possibly represent a ME, Dene- 
hole :—-OE. Dena-hol, Danes’ hole (cf. OE. Dena-lagu, 
ME. Dene-lawe, mod. Danes’ law, Dane-law), or it may 
be merely a local pronunciation. But it has suggested to 
recent writers connexion with Dene sé.!, or with other of 
the sbs. so spelt, or with Den (which is phonetically im- 
possible) ; and either on this account, or because it does not 
countenance any theory about the Danes, it has been gener- 
ally adopted by the archeologists who have investigated 
these holes since ¢ 1850. Some have very reprehensibly 
shortened the name dene-hole into dene, conformably to their 
erroneous conjectures as to its connexion with dene and den.] 

The name applied to a class of ancient excava- 
tions, found chiefly in Essex and Kent in England, 
and in the Valley of the Somme in France, consist- 
ing of a narrow cylindrical shaft sunk through the 
superincumbent strata to the chalk, often at a depth 
of 60 or 80 feet, and there widening out horizontally 
into one or more chambers, ‘Theirage and purpose 
have been the theme of much discussion. 

They are mentioned (but not named) by Lambarde 1570, 
by Camden 1605 as puter, in Plot’s Oxfordshire, 1705, as 
‘the Gold-mine of Cunobeline, in Essex’, and described in 
a letter from Derham to Ray 17 Feb. 1706. For later history 
see Mr. Spurrell’s paper cited below, and vans. Essex 
Field Club, 1883 111. 48, Fournad xxviii, lvi. 

1768 Morant //is¢, Essex I, 228 [he Dane-holes at Grays] 
The Danes are vulgarly reported to have used them as 
receptacles or hiding-places for the plunder and booty 
which they took from the adjoining inhabitants during 
their frequent piracies and descents upon this island, 
and hence they have been styled Dane or Dene holes. 
1818 Cambrian Reg. II. 31 The controversy relative to 
the original intention of the Deneholes. 1863 A/aray's 
Handbk. Kent & Sussex (ed. 2) 16 Vhey are here called 
* Daneholes’ or ‘Cunobeline’s Gold Mines’, /d/d. 20 Ina 
chalk-pit near the village of E, Tilbury are numerous exca- 
vations called Danes’ Holes .. Similar excavations .. exist 
in the chalk and tufa on either bank of the Somme... The 
tradition still asserts that these caverns were used for retreat 
and concealment in time of war, whence their ordinary name 
Les souterrains des guerres. xt R. Megson in Palin 
Stifford & its Neighbourhood 4: The Dane-holes as they 
are called by the country people. 1881 F.C. J. SpurreLL 
in Archevol. Frail. (title), On Deneholesand Artificial Caves 
with Vertical Entrances. 1883 Trans. Essex Field Cinb 
IIL. Jrnl. 17 June 1882, An account of the Club's first visit 
to the ‘Denes’ in Hangman’s Wood. 1887 T’. V. Hoimes 
in Essex Naturalist 1. 225 (title) Report on the Denehole 
Exploration at Hangman’s Wood, Grays, 1884-1887. 1891 
Proc. Soc, Antig. 5 Feb. 245 On the discovery of a dene-hole 
containing Roman remains at Plumstead. 

Denelage, -lawe: sce DANE-Law. 

Dener, -e, obs. form of INNER, DENIER. 

|| Denerel. [OF. (13th c. in Godef.) ; in form 
dim, of dener, denter.} A measure of capacity in 
Guernsey : see quot. 

1862 AnsteD Channel Isl. 1. App. A (ed. 2) 567 In 
Guernsey the denered or dundrel is the common small unit 
of dry measure. Three denerels..make one cabot; two 
cabots or six denerels, one bushel. : 

+ Denerva‘tion. 00s. rare. [f. Dr- I. 1 + 
L. nervus string, etc., as if f. a verb *dénervare 
to tie down with a string.] A marking or groove, 
such as is produced by a string tied round. 

1657 Tomiinson Rexou's Disp. 469 Worms .. are like ob- 
long fibres whose parts are not discriminated, save by some 
.. denervations. 

Dengerous, obs. form of DANGEROUS. 

Dengue (den‘ge). Also dengue-fever, denga, 
[Immediately, a, West Indian Spanish dengue ; 
ultimately, according to Dr. Christie, in Glasgow 
Med. Jrni. Sept. 1881, a Swahili word, the full 
name of the disease in Zanzibar being ka dinga 
pepo (ka partitive article, ‘a,a kind of’, dinga, 
dyenga, denga, ‘sudden cramp-like seizure’, pepo 
“evil spirit, plague’). On its introduction to the 
West Indies from Africa in 1827, the name was, in 
Cuba, popularly identified with the Spanish word 
dengue ‘fastidiousness, prudery’. In this form it 
was subsequently adopted in the United States, and 
eventually in general English use. 

In the British West Indies, called by the Negroes dandy. 
Both names appear to be popular adaptations, of the 
oy w-grass ’ type, of the Swahili name, with a mockin 
reference to the stiffness of the neck and shoulders, an 
dread of motion, exhibited by the patients; whence also 
another name of ridicule, the ‘Giraffe ’—See Danpy 2] 

An infectious eruptive fever, commencing sud- 
denly, and characterized by excruciating pains, 
especially in the joints, with great prostration and 
debility, but seldom proving fatal; it is epidemic 
and sporadic in East Africa and the countries sur- 
rounding the Indian Ocean, and (since 1827) in the 
West Indies and adjacent parts of America, Also 
called Dandy, and Break-bone fever. 

(The name has apparently been sometimes given in error 
to other epidemic fevers.) 

1847 in Craic. 1854-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Dengue, 
name for a fever which prevailed in leston, summer 
of 1850.. Also called .. the Break-bone fever. 1866 Har. 
vard Mem. Biog. 1. 37 Having had a severe attack of 
dengue or break-bone fever. 188x Dr, Curistie Dengue 
Fever in Glasgow Med. Frni. Sept. 165 Three epidemics of 
dengue are oa as having occurred within the eastern 
hemisphere, the first during the years 1779-84, the second 
from 1823 to 1829, and the third from 1870 to 1875. Jdid. 
165 In 1870 the older inhabitants [of Zanzibar] recognized 
the disease us one which had been epidemic about 48.. years 


Vot, III, 


193 


before, and they gave to it the former designation ka-dinga- 
pepo, the name under which I described it in my first com- 
munication. /déd. 169 Denga was prevalent in Zanzibar in 
1823. 1885 7%ses 4 Dec. 13 What connexion there may be 
between the troncasa or dengue fever and the recent invasion 
of cholera [at Gibraltar]. : 

Deniable (d/naiab'l’, a. [f. Deny v. + -aBLr.] 
That can be denied. 

1548 Gest Py. Masse 98 This is denyable. 1672 PENN 
Spirit Truth Vind. 27 Vhe first Proposition is purely Scrip- 
tural, and therefore the consequent not deniable. 1760 
Law Spirit of Prayer ut. 49 A maxim that is not deniable. 
1865 E. Lucas in Manning /ss. Relig. §& Lit. 354 It is not 
deniable that even the inferior officers in an army .. have 
certain rights. 

Denial (dinai-al). [f. Deny v.+-an ID. 5.] 

1. The act of saying ‘no’ to a request or to a 
person who makes a request; refusal of anything 
asked for or desired. 

1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref I. li. 122 To colour the 
denial of the king's purpose. 1548 Upatt, etc. “rasm. ar. 
Matt, xv.(R.), The woman was not weryed with so many 
repulses and denyals. 1596 Suaks. Zia. Shou. i. 28t 
Neuer make deniall ; I must and will haue Katherine to my 
wife. 1631 GouGr God's Arrows iv, § 8, 385 Torture .. De- 
niall of buriall, and other externall crosses. 1736 BuTLeR 
Anal, 1. Vv. 136 Resolution, and the denial of our passions. 
1806-7 J. Beresrorp Aliseries Hum, Life (1826) u. xl, Pe- 
remptory orders of denial to all comers whomsoever. 1847 
Tennyson Princess v, 324 Vo learn if Ida yet would cede 
our claim, Or by denial flush her babbling wells With her 
own peoples life. 

= SELF-DENIAL. 

1828 Wesster s.v., A denial of one's sed, is a declining of 
some gratification ; restraint of one’s appetites or propen- 
sities. 1873 Miss J. E. A. Brown Vhoughts thro’ Year 78 
‘Lhe denials of obedience, 

2. The asserting (of anything) to be untrue or 
untenable; contradiction of a statement or allega- 
tion as untrue or invalid; also, the denying of the 
existence or reality of a thing. 

1576 Fieminc Panopl. fist. 107 Cicero laboureth in his 
owne purgation, and.that any such thing was of him com- 
mitted, maketh flat denyall. 


1841 Myrrs Cath, 


: Ms Rds RRA 
ficulties, or the ignoring of them. 
1845 WHATELY Logic in Eucycl. Metrop. 197/1 The denial 


of the suppressed premiss .. will at once invalidate the argu- 
ment. 1875 Jowett /’Zato (ed. 2) IV. 134 ‘Vhe denial of 
abstract ideas is the destruction of the mind. 

3. Refusal to acknowledge a person or thing as 
having a certain character or certain claims; a dis- 
owning, disavowal. 

1590 N.T.(L. Tomson) AZa/t. xxvi. heading, Peters deniall. 
165t Hospes Leviath. u. xxvii. 158 All Crimes that contain 
not in them adenyall of the Soveraign Power, a 1716 Sourn 
(J.', Those are the proper scenes, in which we act our 
confessions or denials of him. 

Law, +a. =DENIER?: see quot.; b. The 
opposing by the defendant or accused party of a 
plea, claim, or charge advanced against him. 

1628 Coke Ox Litt, 161 b, Deniall is a disseisin of a Rent 
Charge, as well as ofa Rent secke. 1728 Youn Love Fame 
vii, Ev’n denials cost us dear at court. 1828 Scort /*. A/, 
Perth xx, Of course the charge will be rebutted bya denial. 
1861 W. Bece Dict, Law Scot, s.y., Denial in law imports 
no more than not confessing. It does not amount to a posi- 
tive assertion of the falsehood of that which is denied. 

5. dial. A drawback, disadvantage, detriment, 
hindrance. 

1736 Peccr Henticisms, A denial toa farm; i.e. a pre- 
judice, a drawback, hindrance, or detriment. 1876 .S. 

Warwicksh, Gloss., Denial, hindrance, drawback. ‘It's 

a great denial to him to be shut up in the house so long.’ 

1883 Hawipshire Gloss., Denial, an encumbrance. ‘ His 

children be a great denial to ‘un.’ Also in Glossaries of 

Worcestersh., Gloucestersh., Surrey, Sussex, L 

Shropshire, Cheshire. 

Deni‘ance. Ovs. [f. Deny v..+ -ance: cf. 
OF. denotance, {. denoier, var. of denter to DENY.] 
Denial. 

1548 Hatt Chron, 244 Either for the affirmaunce or de- 
niance of the same, 1568 Grarron Chron. II. 749. 

Denied (dinai-d), ppl. a. [f. Deny v. +,-ED.] 
Said not to be true or not to exist ; refused. 

1859 SaLa Tw. vound Clock (1861) 281 Dying of that com- 
mon, but denied disease, a broken heart. 

Hence Denie-dness, the quality of being denied ; 
+ self-denial (ods.). . 

1671 True Non-conf. 357 Their deniedness unto all things, 
their absolute resignation unto. .God. 

Denier ! (d/noi-a1). [f. Deny v.+-ER1.] One 
who denies (in various senses of the verb). 

¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 99 And 3et pey deny to men pe under- 
stonding of pe gospel .. bei wel bi deniers [A7inted deneris]. 
153° PatsGr. 212/2 Denyer of a thynge, escondisseur. 1558 

nox First Blast (Arb.) 46 Deniers of Christ Iesus. 1660 
Jer. Taytor Duct, Dubdit. 1. ii. rule iii. § 12 He must be 
a despiser of the world, a t denier of himself. 1741 
Warsurton Div, Legat. 11. Ded. 23 The Deniers of a 
sens State, 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. VI. xxvi. 33 One 

~state disfranchised Jews. .another deniers of the Trinity. 

+ Denier?. Law. Obs. [a. F. dénier pres. inf., 
taken subst.: cf. dzsclaimer, and see -ER4.] The 
act of denying or refusing. 

By Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 6 ny Sa the kynges subiectes, 
to whom an danyee of sale..shall be made, 1628 Coke Ox 
Litt. 153 b, Without a demand there be no denier of the rent 
in law. 1642 J. M. Argt. conc. Militia 24 This in effect 
was a denier of justice, 


etcester, 


DENIGRATION. 


Denier® (d/nies, ||\danye"). Obs. or arch. Forms: 
5-7 denere, 6 Sc. deneir, 6-7 deneere, 7 deneer, 
-eare, -ire, -iere, dinneere, 6- denier. See also 
Denar. [a. OF. dener, later denier (=Pr. dener, 
denier, dinier, Cat. diner, Sp. dinero, Pg. dinhetro, 
It. denaro, danaro) :—L, déndrium : see DENARIUS. 
The form deneer(e (cf. musketeer, etc.) prevailed 
about 1600. ] 

1. A French coin, the twelfth of the sou; origin- 
ally, like the Roman denarius and English penny, 
of silver; but from 16th c. a small copper coin. 
Hence (esp. in negative phrases) used as the type 
of a very small sum. 

Originally, from reign of Charlemagne till 12th c., a silver 
coin of about 22 ‘Troy grains or rather less than a penny- 
weight ; from the 13th c, to the reign of Chas. IX (d. 1574, 
usually of Lillon or base silver (dente fourno/s', and weigh- 
ing at different times from 10 to 14 gr.; under Henry III 
(1574-89) it became a copper coin of about 22 gr. (less than § 
of the current bronze farthing), and so continued till the 
death of Louis XIV. (B.V. Head.) 

¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. v. 60 ‘To be kyrk ilka yhere Of 
Rome he heycht a denere ‘To pay (a penny pat is to say). 
1580 H. Girrorp Gilloffowers (1875) 132 And in his purse, 
to serue his neede, Not one deneere he had. 1594 Snaks. 
Rich. 111, 1. ii. 252 My Dukedome toa Beggerly denier! 
Ido mistake my person all this while, 1607 WaLkINGTON 
Opt. Glass 45 Vhen liue in wealth and giue not a dinneere. 
161r Corcr., Denier a penny, a deneere ; a small copper 
coin valued at the tenth part of an English pennie 3; also, 
a pennie-weight, or 24 grains. a 1670 Hacker 4 bf. Widdians 
1, (1692) 104 The Lord ‘lreasurer, I know well, had. .not 
drawn a denier out of the King's purse. 1706 Puitcirs (ed. 
Kersey), Vener, a French Brass-Coin, worth three ‘lenths 
of an English Farthing, of which ‘'welve make a Sols. Also 
a Penny-weight in Silver; thus an Ounce of Silver. .is of 
24 Deniers. 1873 Hate /x His Name vi. 55 A slave whom 
I have bought with my deniers. 1876 Brown Pacchia- 
rotto 79 Let the blind mole mine Digging out deniers ! 

+2. Used to translate Lat. déndrtus: sce Dr- 
NARIUS I. Ods. : 

1598 GRENEWEY Zacitus’ Ana. 1. Vv. (1622) 9 The Pretorian 
bands, which receiued two deniers a 1606 Hoiianp 
Sueton. 66 Gallus his scribe, had receiued 500 deniers. 

+3. A pennyweight; =DeENaRiUs 3. Obs. 

1601 Hoitanp Pliny WL. 79 ‘Vake of wild running Thyme 


the weight of two deniers..Ervil floure twelue deniers or 


drams. @ 1656 Ussher Avs, (16 zg Counting here, as 
his manner everywhere is, a deneere, for a drachma. 1706 
[see 1]. 

Denigrate (denigre't ,v. Nowvarve. -[f. ppl. 


stem of L. denigrare to blacken, f. Dr- I. 3 + 
nigrare to blacken, f. 2@ger, nigr-, black ; cf. F. 
dénigrer (14th c. in Hatzf.). Apparently disused 
in 18th c., and revived in 19th c.] 

1. trans. To blacken, make black or dark. /¢. 

1623 CockErAM, Denigrate, to make blacke. 1646 Sir T. 
Browne send, EP, vi.xii. 336 The fuliginous and denigrating 
humor. 1657 ‘Tomiinson Nenon's Disp. 191 ‘Vhis Lotion will 
denigrate the hairs of hoary heads. 1726 Ayiirrr /’arerxgon 
231 Drunkenness. .denigrates the Colour of the Body. 1849 
Cor, WiskMan . (1853) IT. 603 How the north wind 
should alw drive a down-draught, with its denigrating 
consequences, into the drawing-room. 1857 J. Raine A/em. 
F. Hodgson 1. 89 note, ‘Vhe..smoke of pits and manu- 
factories, with. .a..dash of denigrated fog from the river. 

2. fig. ‘To blacken, sully, or stain (character or 
reputation) ; to blacken the reputation of (a person, 
etc.) ; to defame. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. \W. de W. 1531) 93 To mynysshe, deny- 
grate, or derke his good name or fame. 1656 T'rRare Com, 
Mark i. 24 This he spake, not to honour Christ, but to deni- 
grate him, 1665 Boyie Occas. Nef. mi. v. (1845) 41 [They] 
do. .so denigrate the Reputation of them that oppose them. 
1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 352 Napoleon. . paying writers 
for years to denigrate the memory of Voltaire, whose very 
name he abhorred. 1889 PLumprre in Antiguary Apr. 
146/2 The character he is at such pains to denigrate. 

+b. To darken mentally, obscure. Ods. rare. 

1583 Sruspes Anat, Adus, (1877) 78 These. .smells..do 
rather denigrate, darken, and obscure the spirit and 
sences. 


Hence De‘nigrated ///.a., De‘nigrating ///. a. 
1646, 1849, 1857 [see 1]. 
Deni q Nowvare. [ad. 


enigration (denigréi-{an). 
L. denigration-em, n, of action from dénigrare : so 
in OF, (14-16th c.). As to use, see prec.] 

1. The action of blackening, or process of becom- 
ing black (literally). 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psexud. Ef. vi. xii. 336 These are the 
advenient and artificiall wayes of denigration .. These are 
the waies wherby culinary and common fires doe operate. 
a x691 Boye Wks, I. 714 (R.) In these several instances of 
denigration, the metals are worn off. i 

2. fig. Blackening of character, defamation. 

1868 He_rs Realmah xvii, I should not care so much about 
this denigration, if there were not always people ready to 
repeat to the person blackened all the dark and unpleasant 
things which others have said about him or her. 1884 C. E. 
Prumptre G. Bruno 11. 135 The denigration of those right- 
fully held in esteem for their learning and virtue. 

+b. A stain, a dark spot. Ods. rare. 

164 J. Jackson 7yue Evang. T. 1. 149, Let [this] be the 
denigration, and such a spot in the. .Turkish religion, as no 
Fullers sope can wash out, 

4] In the following (with a hyphen) app. used for 
‘ unblackening, whitewashing’, [See Dr- II. 1.] 

1868 J. H. Biunr Ref Ch. Eng. 1. 290 A fallen angel 
whose de-nigration is beyond the power of an impartial 
historian, 

25* 


DENIGRATOR. 
Denigra 


tor (denigre'tar). [agent-n. in L. 
form from dénigradre to DENIGRATE : see -OR.] 
1 Spegae that blackens. 
Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. v1. xii. 13 Iron 
au itriol are the powerful he linet eh es 
2. One who blackens another’s character or re- 
putation, 
He crs Soc. Press. xii. 156 The denigrator had in 
view the abundant malice and envy of mankind. 1882 
Remin. old Bohemian (1883) 40 Most of his denigrators and 
assailers. 
Denigrature. rave—°. = DENIGRATION, 
1727 Baiey vol. Il, Denigrature, a making black. 
Denim (dini‘m, denim). [Shortened from serge 
de Nim, ¥. serge de Nimes or Nismes, serge of 
Nismes (a manufacturing town of Southern France). 
See Savary des Bruslons, Dict. gén. de Commerce 
(Geneva 1742), ‘serges et cadis de Nimes’. Cf. 


DeLainE.] A name originally given to a kind of | 


serge ; now in U.S. to a coloured twilled cotton 
material used largely for overalls, hangings, etc. 


1695 E. Hatron Merchant's Mag. 159, 18 Serge Denims | 


that cost 6/7. each. 1703 Lond. Gas. No. 3885/4 A pair of 
Flower’d Serge de Nim Breeches. 1864 Wesster, Denii, 
a coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc. 1868 M/odcle 
Daily Tribune 4 Nov. 4/6 Dry Goods .. Blue Denims .. 
Brown Denims. 1875 Miss Biro Savdwich /s/. (1880) 79 She 
wears. .a scanty, loose frock of blue denim down to her knees. 

Denitrate (d/noaitre't), v. [De- II. 1.) trans. 
To free from nitric or nitrous acid. 

1863 Ricnarpson & Watts Chem. Technol. 1. ut. i. 94 
A limited quantity of sulphurous acid passed upwards to 
denitrate the acid. 1893 Brit, Frnt. Photog. XL. 797 Gun- 
cotton. .loses its solubility as it becomes Menicatel: 

Hence Deni'trated ///. a., Denitrating ///. a. 
and vé/. sb.; also, Denitra‘tion, the process of 
denitrating ; Deni‘trator, an apparatus for deni- 
tration. 

1863 Ricnarpson & Watts Chem. Technol. 1. ui. i. 89 
A close reservoir..placed..above the denitrating column. 
/bid. 93 The denitration was then attempted, 1873 Chemical 
News XXVIII. 135 There are two methods..on the Tyne 
for the denitration of the nitro-sulphurie acid: the Glover 
towers and denitration by steam. 1880 Lomas Alkad 
Trade 73 The framework of the denitrator is formed of 10 in. 
square timber, ee 

enitrify ((/nai'trifai), 7. [De- 11. 1.) rans. 
To deprive of nitrous or hyponitric acid. Tence 
Deni‘trified #//. a., Deni-trifying v//. sb. and 
ppl.a.; Deni'trifier,a denitrifying agent; Deni:- 
trifica'tor, an apparatus used in sulphuric acid 
works to remove the nitrous vapours (nitrous or 
hyponitric acids) from the sulphuric acid previously 
‘nitrated’ in the Gay Lussac tower. 

1891 G. Luncr Manuf. Sulphuric Acid 1. 562 Another 
apparatus, constructed on the same -principle .. is the 
‘ Denitrificateur’ proposed by Gay-Lussac himself. 1892 W. 
Crookes Wagner's Chem. Technol. 266 Gay-Lussac’s 
denitrificator consists of a tower of sheet lead. /é7d. 272 The 
excess of sulphuric acid acts here at the wrong place as 
adenitrifier. /4/. 266 [This] conveys it into the denitrify- 
ing apparatus. 

enitrize (d/nai‘traiz), 7. [Dr- II. 1.) =pree. 
Hence Deni‘trizing 7//. s/. and ff/. a. 

1892 W. Crookes Wirencr's Chem. Technol. 267 Passing 
out denitrised at the bottom of the tower. /é/d., The deni- 
trising apparatus devised by J. Glover of Wallsend. .used 
under the name of the Glover tower. 

+ Denizate, v7. Law. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of 
med. (Anglo-)L. denisdre: see DENIZE v.]  frans. 
To constitute a denizen. 

1604 in Spottiswood //ist. Ch. Scot. vu. (1677) 485 His 
Majesties Prerogative Royal to denizate, enable and prefer 
to such offices. 
enfranchised or denizated by letters patent. 

Denization (denizé'fan). Law. [a. Anglo-F. 
denization (Littleton /ns¢.), n. of action from Der- 
NIZE v.: in 16-17th c. = denizatio (Du 
Cange).] The action of making a person a deni- 
zen, or condition of being made a denizen. 

1601 Act 43 Eliz. c. iii, An Act for the Denization of 
William Myllet. 1697 Evetyn Namism. vi. 203 What 
famous Cities had Privilege of Roman denization. 1755 
Carte Hist. Eng. 1V. 327 He..gave all the Scots in Ulster, 
born before the death of Q. Elizabeth, the privilege of 
denization. 1868 E, Epwarps ae L. i. 13 A merchant 
- Genoa, who had Letters Patent of denization from King 

enry. 

+ Denize, v. Ods. [f. Deniz-en, by dropping 
the termination: probably representing an AFr. 
denizer; in med.(Anglo-)L, denizére.] 

1. “rans. To make (a person) a denizen. 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Lect. Hist. (1619) 240 Which things 


when this free denized Cubricus had gotten. 1579 J. Srcnpes 
Gaping Gulf Cj, If he be not denized, the laws can not 
abide him to be mayster of one foot of 1602 


Carew Cornwall 65a, Sundry of those now inhabiting are 
lately denized Cornish. — J. Cuampertayne St. Gs. 
Brit. ut. v. (1743) 181 a foreign Lady .. marry an 
English man and she herself be not denized, she is barred 
all privileges and Titles due to her husband. 

2. fig. To admit into recognized use (as a word, 
a custom, etc.); to naturalize. 

1877-87 Hounsuev Chron. v. 11. 10/2 The Irish lan e 
was free dennized in the English pale. 1594 PLat Jewedl-ho., 
Diverse New bar, te 6 This secrete is as yet merely 
French, but it had beene long since either denized or made 
English if, etc. 


1628 Coxe On Litt. 129 a, An alien that is 


194 


Denizen (de‘nizén), sb. and a. Forms: 3 
deynseyn, -seen, deinseyn, deynesin, 5 
denesyn, -zen, denysen, -zen, 6 denezan, deni- 
sine, denysyn, -cen, 6-7 denisen, -zin, 6-8 
denison, -zon, 7 -zan, denizen. [a. AF. 
deinzein, denzein, denszein = OF. deinzein, f. AF. 
deinz, denz, dens, mod.F. dans (:—L. dé intus) 
within + -e77:—L. -dneus: cf. foreign, forein, L. 
Soraneus.} 

1. A person who dwells within a country, as op- 
posed to foreigners who Gwell outside its limits. 
(In this, the original sense, including and mainly 
consisting of cztzzens.) Now rare in Ut. sense. 

14.. Chalmerlain Ayr iii. (Sc. Stat. 1), Alswel forreyns as 
deynseens [tam inhabitantes quam forinseci).. 1488-9 Act 
4 Hen. V/I, c. 23 Coin. .conveied into Flaundres..as well 
by merchauntes straungers as by deynesins. 1628 Coxe 
On Litt, 129 a, He that is born within the king’s liegeance 
is called sometime a denizen, quasi deins nee, born within. 
..But many times dexzen is taken for an alien born that is 
infranchised or denizated by letters patent. 1655 GURNALL 
Chr. in Arm. 1. 53 The Charter of London..is the birth- 
right of its own Denisions, not Strangers. 1664 Pennsyle. 
Archives 1. 25 All people shall continue free denizens and 
enjoy their lands. tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 1. x. 388 To 
be a natural denizen of Athens it was necessary to be born 
of a father and mother both free and Athenians. 1841 JAMES 
Brigand i, The towns of that age and their laborious 
denizens, 1847 Lyrron Lucretia 374 The squalid, ill- 
favoured denizens, lounging before the doors. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. An inhabitant, indweller, oc- 
cupant (ofa place, region, etc.). Used of persons, 
animals, and plants: chiefly poelic or rhetorical, 

1474 Caxton Chesse u. iii. Ciij, We be not deynseyns in 
the world but straungers, nor we ben not born in the 
world for to dwelle and abyde alwey therin, but for to 
goo and passe thrugh hit. a1grr Ken Hymns Evang. 

Poet. Wks. 1721 1. 11 Bless’d Denizon of Light {an angel]. 
1712-4 Pork Rape Lock u. 55 He summons strait his 
Denizens of air. 1816 Scorr Antig. viii, Winged denizens 
of the crag. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xix. § 806 As if 
the old denizens of the forest had been felled with an axe. 

2. By restriction: One who lives habitually in a 
country but is not a native-born citizen ; a foreigner 
admitted to residence and certain rights in a coun- 
try; in the law of Great Britain, an alien admitted 
to citizenship by royal letters patent, but incapable 
of inheriting, or holding any public office. 

(1467 in ng. Gilds (1870) 391 Eny citizen or denysen, /¢id. 
303 Yf eny citezen denesyn or foreyn departe out of the seid 
cite.) 1576 FLeminG Panopl, Epist.151 Cassar had made many 
that came from Gallia transalpina, free denizens in Rome. 
1667 I. CuAmpertayne St. Gt, Brit. 1. (1684) 81 The King 
by his Prerogative hath Power to Enfranchise an Alien, 
and make him a Denison. 1719 W. Woov Surv. Trade 135 
In our Colonies. .all Foreigners may be made Denizons for 
an inconsiderable Charge. 1765 BLackstone Comm. 1. 374 
A Denizen is an alien born, but who has obtained ex 
donatione regis \etters patent to make him an English 
subject. 1830 D'Isrartt Chas. /, ILL. vi. 94 Charles seemed 
ambitious of making English denizens of every man of 
genius in Europe, 1873 Dixon 7700 Queens 1. ut, iii. 133 
Carmeliano, who had become a denizen, was his Latin 
secretary. 

b. fg. One admitted to, or made free of, the 
privileges of a particular society or fellowship ; one 
who, though not a native, is at home in any region. 

1548 Upatt, ete, Erasm. Par, Matt. v. 36 For they be 
made denisens in heauen. a 1653 Gouce Comm, Heb, xi. 21 
ut. (1655) 88 Naturalized by Ilacob, and made free Denisons 
of the Church. 1857 H. Reso Lect. Eng. Poets IL. xiv, 185 
He was a denizen of ocean and of lake, of Alpine regions, 
and of Greek and Italian plains. ; 

¢. Used of things: e.g. of foreign words natural- 
ized ina language, etc. In Wat. Hist., A plant or 
animal believed to have been originally introduced 
by human agency into a country or district, but 
which now maintains itself there as if native, with- 
out the direct aid of man; cf. CoLONIst 2. 

5 Lyte Dodoens vy. Wiii. 623 Tarragon..was allowed 
a nizon in England long before the time of Ruelius 
writing. a1626 Br. Anprewes Serm. vi. (1661) 148 The 
word Si ypociies is neither — nor Latin, but as a 
Denison. 1878 Hooxer Stud. Flora Pref. 7 To the doubt- 
fully indigenous species I have added Watson's opinion as 
to whether they are ‘colonists’ or ‘denizens’. Mod. Meli- 
lotus officinalis is widely diffused in Great Britain, but is 
probably only a denizen, 

. B. adj. or attrib. 

Acti Rich. 111,¢.9§1 All h of the naci 

of Italie..not made deinseyn. 1§09-10 Act 1 Hen, VII 
c. 20 § 1 Merchaundises of every merchaunt denyseyn 
and alien. 1580 Hottysann 7reas. Fr. Tong, Hobeine.. 
the right which the prince hath vpon the goods of a 
stranger, not Denizen, 1613 Sir H. Fixcu ion 41 
The wife is of the same condition with her hv 

Franck if he be free, Denison if he be an Englishman, 
though she were a nief before, or an alien borne, 1766 
Enricx London IV, 377 This house was. .accounted a priory 
alien till the year 1380, when Richard II. .made it denizen. 

Denizen (de‘nizén), v. [f. prec. sb.] , 

1. “rans. To make a denizen ; to admit (an alien) 
to residence and rights of citizenship ; to naturalize. 
— Sig. 

1577 3. Goocr Heresbach's Husb. Ep, to Rdr. (xs86) 3 
They [trees, etc.] may in short time be so al 
made acquainted with our soile, as they will prosper [etc. }. 
@163t Donne Serm, xxxviii. 364 Can in an instant denizen 


and naturalize that Soule that was an alien to the Covenant. 
1636 Heywoop Chadlenge 11. Wks. 1874 V. 21 To have you 


DENOMINATE. 


denison'd in Spaine. @1711 Ken Hymmar. Poet. Wks. 1 
IL. 132 These wnight bee Somnad<; Deskata'd hw Seas 
good Days to see. 1832 Sourney Leff. (1856) IV. 298 The 
cholera whet denny It is denizened among us. 
1868 Lowe. Dryden Pr. Wks. (1890) I11. 130 note, So few 
has long been denizened. 

2. To furnish with denizens; to “people with 
settlers from another country or district. rare. 

Hence De‘nizened f//. a. 

1556 Sik J. Cueke Let. to T. Hoby in Ascham's Scholem. 
Introd. (Arb.) 5 If the old deni d des could 
and ease this neede we wold not boldly venture of ynknown 
wordes, 1607 Cuarman Bussy D’ Amébois Plays 1873 11. 19 
Some new denizond Lord. 

Denizenship. [f. Denizen sé. + -snp.] 
The position or status of a denizen. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne mi. ix. (1632) 564 An authenticke 
Bull, charter or patent of Gedeubip or borg ip of 
Rome. 1807 W. Taytor in Ann, Rev. V. 568 The conces- 


sion of denizenship. 1871 Ath 4 Feb. 137 Denizenship 
is a mongrel state, not worth preserving when the process 
of obtaining lization is so simpl 


Dennar, -er, obs. forms of DINNER. 

Denne, obs. form of Din vz. 

Dennet (de'nét). [Supposed to be from the 
Eng. surname Dennet.] A light open two-wheeled 
carriage akin to a gig; fashionable in England 
¢ 1818-1830. 

1818 Sforting Mag. 11. 193 The Dandies of our days. . Are 
wont to bask in fashion's blaze, In Tilbury or Dennet. 1826 
Hull Advertiser 9 June 1/2 To be sold, a handsome light 
Dennet, calculated for a horse or poney. 3 Lever 
93. Hinton xvi, A certain gig and horse, popularly known 
in this city as the discount dennet. 

Denning : see Den v.! 

Denny (de‘ni), 2. Obs. or rare. [f. DEN 5.1 + 
-Y.] a. Having or abounding in dens, cavities, or 
hollows. b. Of the nature of a den. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.v. xxxvi. (1495) 148 The herte 
is denny and holowe. 1656 W. D, tr. Comenius’ Gate Lat. 
Un. » 164 Hiding themselves in denny places and holes, as 
wilde beasts. 

Denominable (dingminab'l), a. [f. L. dénd- 
mina-re to denominate + -BLE.] That may be de- 
nominated or named. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ff. (ed. 4) tv. iii. 182 Inflam- 
mation .. denominable from other humours, according to 
the predominancy of melancholy, flegme, or choler. 1818 

JentTHam Ch, Eng. Introd. 165 The so often mentioned, 
and no otherwise denominable, T. ‘Il. Walmsley, Sec. 

Deno'minant, s). rare. [ad. L. déndminant- 
em, pr. pple. of dendminare: see next.) = DENO- 
MINATOR 3. 1889 in Cent. Dict. 

Denominate (d/ngmin¢t), pf/. a. and sé, [ad. 
L. denominat-us, pa. pple. of déndminare.] 

A. pa. pple. Named, called, denominated. Os. 
or arch. 

1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 63 By what name or 
names, title or titles .. they .. may be , termid .. or 
denominate. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 43 Whether 
Gusurat. . be denominate from Gezurat, which in the Arabick 
signifies an Isle. 1689 tr. Buchanan's De Fure Regni wo it 
is no great matter how it be denominate. 1814 SoutHey 
Roderick xviii, The walls of Salduba .. by Rome Czesarian 
and August di inate, Now 2 

+ B. adj. Arith. Said of a number when used 
adjectivally with the name of the kind of unit 
treated of (= CONCRETE a. 4); be a to abstract, 

1579 Dicces Stratiot, 33 These kinds of concrete or De- 
nominate numbers. Jeaxe Arith, (1696) 207 Abstract 
and. .denominate Num 

C. sb. 

+1. That which something is called; a name, 
denomination, appellation. Oés. 

1638 Six T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 
into other denominats, as Roderigo ; 
the Hollanders, Mauritius. 

+2. Gram. A word derived from another word, 
esp. from a noun; a denominative. Obs. 

1628 T. Srencer Logick 142 Aristotle .. thus .. writeth; 
Those [words] are called denominates, which haue the ap- 
pellation of a name from some other..as from Grammar, 
man is called a Grammarian. 1654 Hammonp Answ. 
Animado, Ignat, ii. § 1. 34 The nature of the word being 
a i a yong man, i ’ 


3 After that it varied 
ygnexa; and now, by 


denominate from vewrepexy from vewrepor. 
Denominate (di/ngmine't), v.  [f. L. déndmi- 
nat-, ppl. stem of déndmindre to name, specify by 
name, f. De- I. 3 + #dmindre to name (see Nomi- 
NATE).] 

1. “rans. To give a name or appellation to; to 
call bya name, to name (orig. from or after some- 
thing). Now usually with complement: To give 


(a thing) the name of . ., to _- - al, 
fie ag pif ua Gelntesia ino. 1597 MORLEY ome 


pla, v ee 

the number of blacke minimes set for a note of the plainsong. 
Bs Six T. Hersert 7rav. 209 The Port 
thin te i ine : Ibid. i say <n 
things) gave it the name. . 223 Americus vs 
dentenisates that vast and spacious Continent from owne 
name, America. oe Futter Holy War u. ix. (1840) 60 
chine nek cto nego een L oy Pas tn aioe 
nated Guelphes. 1774 Bryant 1. 89 Phi is also 
used for any opening..whence..the head of a fountain is 
often denominated Hesketh 
writing. 
1805 Fosrer £ss. it. iii, 51. Who have hardly words to de- 
nominate even their sensat! 


DENOMINATION. 


i. 16 They [the apostles] do not denominate him [the 
Christian minister] a priest. 

+b. intr. (for ref.) Yo give oneself a name, 
take one’s name (from). Obs. rare. 

1652 Sparke Prim. Devot. (1663) 336 Thou that leavest 
the master, and denominatest from the servant. 

+e. To express in some arithmetical denomina- 
tion. Ods. rare. 

1788 Priestiey Lect. Hist, ut. xiv. 120 These methods of 
denominating time. : 

+2. Of things: To give a name to, as a quality 
or attribute; to give (a thing) its name or char- 
acter, to characterize ; to make what it is, consti- 
tute; (with complement) to constitute, give the 
right to be called. Ods. 

1616 S. Warv Coale fr. Altar (1627) 36 The same vertue 
denominated Iacob a Prince with God. 1628 Donne Serv. 
xxiii. 225 The Divine, the Physitian, the Lawyer are not 
qualified nor Denominated by the same Kinde of Learning. 
1664 Power £xf. Philos. ut. 184 The numerous Rabble... 
have nothing of the nobler part that should denominate their 
Essences. 1698 W. Cuiccor Evid Thoughts vi. (1851) 74 
This will denominate us of the number of Christ’s true dis- 
ciples. 1783 Jounson Let, to Susanna Thrale (1788) 11. 
290 Our general course of life must denominate us wise or 
foolish; happy or miserable. 1816-17 Bentnam Chresto- 
mathia Wks. VU. 19 That sort of acquaintance with the 
Greek and Latin classics which denominates a man a good 
scholar. 

tb. adsol. 

1614 SeLpEN 7itles Hon. 126 The Abstract tastes if it 
were more honorable. For that quality denominats. 1621 
Burton Anat, Mel. u, iii. 11. (1676) 197/2 It is wealth alone 
that denominates, money which maintains it, gives esse to 
it [‘gentry’]. 1691 Baxter Nat. CA. xii. 51 ‘The Form de- 
nominateth ; and is Essential. 


e. Logic. Of an attribute: To give a name to © 


(a subject). 

1599 [see DENoMINATOR 3]. @ 1626 Bacon Wav. § Uses 
Com. Lav xxiii, (1636) 84 One-yname and appellation doth 
denominate divers things. 1843 Mitt Logic 1. ii. § 5 The 
attribute, or attributes, may therefore be said to denominate 
those objects, or to give them a common name. 

+3. To point out, indicate, denote. Ods. 

1710 in Somers 7'racts III. 5 Our Credit in this Case. .is 
rightly called by some of our Writers, National Credit; the 
Word denominates its Original. 1756 C. Lucas ss, 
Waters 1.88 The portion of salt which. .suffered the greatest 
change, denominates the most impure water. 1792 J. B 


IELK- 
nap Hist, New Hampshire 11, 130 There is a difference 
sufficient to denominate the soil from the growth. 

Hence Deno'minated, Deno'minating ///. adjs. 

1614 SeLpEN Titles Hon, 235 At this day..in the denomi- 
nating Countie the Earle hath but only his Name. 1750 
Carte Hist, Eng. 11. 469 They were forced to take Flemish 
florins at a denominated rate much higher than the intrinsick 
value. 1825 Bentuam /udic, Ld. Eldon 83 The business 
of all denominated Offices. 

Denomination (déngmiréi-fon). [fe OF. de- 
nominacton (13th c. in Godef. Suppl.), ad. L. 
dénémination-em, n, of action from déndminire 
(in cl. Lat. in the sense of ‘calling by another than 
the proper name, metonymy ’).] 

1. The action of naming from or after some- 
thing ; giving a name to, calling by a name. 

ec 1400 Test. Love u. (R.), Of whiche worchings and pos- 
session’ of hours, y® daies of the week haue take her names, 
after denominacion in these seven planets. 1593 Norven 
Spec. Brit., M'sex 1.18 To controul mine obseruations. .in 
regarde of the vneertaine distances, vntrue denominations 
of places .. which (I confesse) are faultes. a 1626 BAcon 
Max. §& Uses Com. Law xxv. (1636) 89 A farther sort of 
denomination is to name land by the attendancy they have 
to other lands more notorious. 1739 Hume Hum. Nat. 1.1. 
vii, The reference of the idea to an object being an ex- 
traneols denomination. 1860 Asp. THomson Laws 7h. § 48. 
76 Denomination is the imposition of a name that shall 
serve to recall equally the Genus or Class, and the Common 
Nature. f _ 

+b. A mentioning or specifying by name. Oés. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. iit. (1495) 30 By de- 
nomynacion of lymmes that ben seen, ynseen werkinges of 
heuenly inwyttes ben understonde. | Haktiuyr Voy. 
(1810) III. 538 Vpon whose denomination I was apprehended 
for the same words here rehearsed. 

2. A characteristic or qualifying name given to 
a thing or class of things; that which anything is 
called ; an appellation, designation, title. 

1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I, 267 Storyes expresse that 
Gallia or Fraunce hathe denominacion of the whitenesse of 
“peple. 1563 Homilies u. Fasting \. (1859) 284 Works .. 
which. .are. .neither good nor evil, but take their denomin- 
ation of the use or end whereunto they serve. 1659 PEARSON 
Creed (1830) 1 The first word Credo. .giveth a denomination 
to the whole confession of faith, from thence commonly 
called the Creed. 1778 Burke Corr, (1844) II. 217, I most 
heartily disélaim that, or any other, denomination, incom- 
patible with such sentiments. 1815 Scort Guy M/. vii, The 
tribes of gypsies, jockies, or cairds—for by all these de- 
nominations such banditti were known. @ 1871 Grote Eth. 
Fragm. i. (1876) 17 ‘Vhe virtuous man or vicious man of our 
own age or country, will no longer receive the same de- 
nominations if transferred to a remote climate or a different 
people. 

+b. (See quot.) Ods. 

1737 Ase. Boutter Ze¢/. II. 234 Five, six, or seven 
parishes (denominations we commonly call them) bestowed 
on one incumbent. f 3 

3. Arith, A class of one kind of unit in any 
system of numbers, measures, weights, money, etc., 
distinguished by a specific name, 

©1430 Art of Nombrynge (E. FE, T. S) 8 And so oft with- 


195 


draw the digit multiplying, vnder the article of his denomin- 
acioun, 1 Recorpe G7. Artes (1575) 52, Of the first 
ternarye, the denomination is vnities, and of the seconde 
ternarye, the denomination is thousandes. 1557 — Whetst. 
Rjb, I will, for ease, turne the other into a fraction of the 
same denomination. 1594 BLunpEvit /verc. 1. vi. (ed. 7) 19. 
1660 WILLsFoRD Scales Comm. 9g The price by which 'twas 
bought, and likewise the rate at which 'twas sold must be 
reduced into one denomination. 1725 Braptry Ham. Dict., 
Troy Weight, a Weight in which the smallest Denomination 
is aGrain. 1868 Rocers Pol. Econ. iv. (1876) 47 When .. 
the paper money is of small denominations. J/od. Reduce 
the two quantities to the same denomination. 

4. A class, sort, or kind (of things or persons) 
distinguished or distinguishable by a specific name, 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 187 Civil dissention . .’twixt 
men of the same denomination and principles. 1727 A. 
Hamitton New Ace. E. Jud. 1, xxviii. 350 The Country .. 
produceth good Cetton Cloth of several Qualities and De- 
nominations. 1814 D. H. O’Brien Caftiv. §& Escape 154 
A punishment equal to six years, with all denominations 
of malefactors, in the galleys. 

5. A collection of individuals classed together 
under the same name; now almost always sfec. 
a religious sect or body having a common faith 
and organization, and designated by a distinctive 
name. 

a1716 Sout (J.), Philosophy.. has divided it into manysects 
and denominations; as Stoicks, Peripateticks, Epicureans, 
and the like, 1746-7 Hervey J/ed?t. (1818) 195 Who,when he 
had overcome the sharpness of death. opened the kingdom 
of heaven to all generations, and to every denomination of 
the faithful. 1788 Frankuin A utodiog, Wks. 1887 I. 206 
The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended 
his sermons. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comma, 111. v1. civ. 496 
All denominations are more prone to emotionalism in religion 
..than in England or Scotland. 

Denominational (dénp'miné'fonal), a. [f. 
prec. + -AL.] 

1. Belonging to, or of the nature of, a denomina- 
tion or ecclesiastical sect; sectarian, as @ denomina- 
tional school ox college; hence denominational system 
of education, one providing or recognizing such 
schools, etc. 

1838 GLavstonr State tn Rel. w. Ch. (1839) 274, We have 
no fear for the Church of England in her competition with 
the denominational bodies around her. 1861 M. ARrNoLp 
Pop. Educ. France 71 Under the dominion of the new law 
denominational schools are the rule 1882 Standard 10 Oct. 
5/t Denominational Colleges in Universities which are now 
undenominational need no apology or excuse. 

2. Pertaining to a denomination or name. rare. 

1892 Daily News 25 Oct. 5/4 Not counters, like our silver 
and bronze coins, but pieces intrinsically worth their de- 
nominational value. 

Hence Denomina‘tionalism, adherence to or 
advocacy of deriominational principles or a deno- 
minational system (e.g. of education) ; Denomi- 
nationalist, an adherent. or advocate of these ; 
Denominationa‘lity, the state or condition of 
being denominational ; Denomina‘tionalize v., to 
make denominational ; Denomina‘tionally adv., 
according to a denominational method. 

1855 Trencu Eng. Past & Pres. iv. (1870) 129 We have 
‘inflexional’, ‘seasonal’, ‘denominational *, and on this.. 
the monstrous birth, ‘denominationalism’. 1870. Sa/, Nev. 
2 Apr. 431 This plan. .concedes the whole principle of De- 
nominationalism. 1870 Dazly News 7 Oct., In the country 
districts. .the Denominational are evidently preparing to 
occupy the ground. 1892 E. L. Santry /déd. 16 Nov. 5/6 
‘Denominationality would not he believed suffer from a 
sudden exodus of the masses of their scholars to the Board 
Schools. 1869 Nation \N. Y.) 11 Mar. 190 (Cent.) The 
religious sentiment somewhat. .denominationalized_— to coin 
anew word. 1893 Daily News 22 June 4/7 Yo denationalise 
Trinity [College] would be, if possible, a greater calamity 
than to denominationalise it. 1845 Acdectic Rev. Dec. 622 
Religious education is taken up denominationally. 

Denominative (ding'minctiv), a. and sd. [ad. 
L. dénomindtiv-us, f. ppl. stem of déndmindre: see 
-IvE. Cf. F. dénominatif (Catholicon, 15th c.).] 

A. adj. 

1. Having the quality or function of naming ; 
characterized by giving a name to something. 

1614 T. Jackson Comment. Apost. Creede 1. 62 The 
same name [Cepha] giuen vnto Simon. .must imply no more 
thena denominatiue reference vnto the rocke. 1658 W. 
Burton /tin. Anton. 151 ‘The petty stream that runs thereby 
was denominative of the place. 1826 Mrs. Bray De Fotx 
xviii. (1884) 209 High-spiced wines, that the medical monk 
thus fenced with the denominative armour of physic. 

b. Of a word or term: Having the function of 
naming, denominating, or describing, as an attri- 
bute ; characterized by denomination. 

@ 1638 Meve Disc. ii. Wks. (1672) 1.6 The first we may call 
his Personal, the other his Denominative or Participated 
Name. 1674 Owen //oly Spirit (1693) 9 A Name. .not dis- 
tinctive with respect unto His Personality, but denominative 
with respect unto His Work. 1843 Mitt Logic 1. ii. § 5 Con- 
notative names have hence been also called denominative, 
because the subject which they denote is denominated by, 
or receives a name from, the attribute which they connote. 

+2. Having or called by a distinctive name; 
constituting a DeENoMINATION (sense 3). Ods. rare. 

@ 1677 Cocker Arith, (1678) 29 The least denominative 
part of time is a minute, the greatest integer being a year. 

3. Gram. Formed or derived from a noun. 

(Cf, Prisctan Just. iv. i. ‘Denominativa sunt, id est, a 
nominibus derivantur’, The L. word was used by earl: 
translators of Aristotle to render Gr. mapmvupos derivative. 


DENOTATE. 


1783 Ainswortu Lat. Dict. (Morell) v, Denominativus, 
adj. Denominative, that is, derived of a noun, as from dens 
comes dentatus, 1839 tr. Gesenius’ Hebr. Gram. § 85 De- 
nominative nouns, 1. Such are all nouns which are formed 
immediately from another noun. 1875 WuitNey Life Lang. 
vii. 131 Such denominative verbs, as they are called, abound 
in every member of our family. 

+b. Derivative. Obs. rare. 

1624 F, Wiite Repl. Fisher 236 This holinesse being only 
relatiue, transitorie, and denominatiue, and not inherent or 
durable. 

B. sb. +1. A ‘denominative’ or attributive 
term: see A. 1b. Obs. 

1589 Purtennam Eng. Poesie ui. xvii. (Arb.), He that said 
thus of a faire Lady: ‘O rare beautie, 6 grace, and cur- 
tesie!’ Whereas if he had said thus, O gratious, courteous 
and beautifull woman: .. it had bene all to one effect, yet 
not with such force .. to speake by the denominatiue, as by 
the thing it selfe. 1599 [see Denominator 3]. 

2. Gram. A word formed or derived froma noun. 

21638 Merve I As.1. ii. (R.\, For sanctity and to sanctifie 
being conjugates or denominatives, as logicians call them: 
the one openeth the way to the knowledge of the other. 
1839 tr. Gesenius’ Hebr, Gram, 45 A peculiar kind of second- 
ary verbs .. are those denominatives, one of whose conso- 
nants, originally a servile, has become a radical. 1885 tr. 
Socin’s Arabic Gram, 26 Denominatives with a concealed 
transitive meaning. 

Denominatively (ing-minctivli), adv. [f 
prec. +-LY2.] In adenominative manner ; by way 
of denomination; + attributively, derivatively. 

1563-87 Fox A. § JL, (1596) 1303/2 Substantia may be 
predicated denominatiuely. or ir uratiue locution, 1656 
Jeanes Fudan. Christ 118 Vhere is only an extrinsecall, and 
accidentall union betwixt a man and his garment: and the 
garment is predicated of the man, only denominatively. 
Homo dicitur vestitus, non vestis. 1660 VT. Govce Chr. 
Directions xx. (1831) 108 Whatsoever in holy writ is said to 
be the Lord’s denominatively, of that Christ is the author 
and institutor, as, for instance, the Lord's Supper. 

Denominator dingy mincite1).  [a. med.L. 
denominator, agent-n. from dénomindre to IENO- 
MINATE. In F. dénominateur occurs 1484 (Hatzf.) 
in the arithmetical sense. ] 

1. One who or that which denominates or gives 
a name to something. Now rave. 

1577 Harrison Lugland ww. xiv. (1878) II. 91 The Latins 
and Aegyptians accompted their daies after the seauen 
planets, choosing the same for the denominator of the daie, 
that [etc]. 164x Heviin //e/p to fist, (1671) 332 In this 
part stands the City of Lincoln, the chief denominator of 
the County. 1878 .V. der. Nev. 352 ‘Vhat inconvertible 
paper may serve as an accurate denominator of values. 

2. Arith. and Aly. The number written below 
the line in a vulgar fraction, which gives the de- 
nomination or value of the parts into which the 
integer is divided; the corresponding expression in 
an algebraical fraction, denoting the divisor. (Cor- 
relative to semeratos.) 

1542 Recorpe Gr. Artes (1575) 322 The Denominator doth 
declare the number of partes into whiche the vnit is diuided. 
1557 — Mhetst. F iv b, Here haue I sette the lesser side as 
the numerator and the greatere side as the denominator. 
1674 Juake Avith. (1696) 211 If the Numerator be given to 
find a Denominator, 1763 W. Emerson Jeth. /ucrements 
29 Reducing them to a common denominator. 1864 BowrN 
Logic xii. 406 The resulting fractions fall into a series, any 
one of which has for .. its denominator the sum of the two 
preceding denominators. 

Sig, 1831 Carr Sart, Res. u.ix, The fraction of life 
can be increased in value not so much by increasing your 
Numerator as by lessening your Denominator. 1893 H. H. 
Gisss Codlog. Currency 62 How is that capital. .measured 7 
What is the Denominator of which price is the Numerator ? 

+3. An abstract noun denoting an attribute. Obs. 
(Cf. DENoMINATIVE A, 1 b, B. 1.) 

1599 Biunpevit. Art of Logick vii. 14 Peter is said to be 
valiant; here valiantnes is the Denominator, valiant the 
Denominatiue, Peter the Denominated; for Peter is the 
subject whereunto the Denominator doth cleaue. 

Denotable (dénow'tab’l), a. [ff DENOTE v. + 
-ABLE.] That can be denoted or marked. 

a 1682 Sir 'T. Browne 7'racts (1684) 25 In hot Regions, and 
more spread and digested Flowers, a sweet savour may be 
allowed, denotable from several humane expressions. 1882 
Macm. Mag. Feb. 327 His painter's habit of presenting 
every motive as translated into form denotable by lines and 
colours. 


+Denotate (d7noteit), v. Oés. [f. ppl. stem 
of L. déndtare to Denove: cf. connotate vb.] 

1. To note down, particularize, describe; to mark 
out, indicate; = DENOTE 1, 2. 

1899 A. M. tr. Gabethouer's Bk. Physicke Contents, In the 
fifth.. Parte, are sett downe, and denotated vnto us certaine 
kindes of precious Medicamentes. 1627 SysTHoRPE A fost. 
Obed. 7 Those duties .. are .. denotated in this word, ‘give’, 
or ‘render’, 1634 Sir ‘T. Herpert 7rav. 79 And Temeriske, 
to denotate himselfe a thankfull person, requites with many 
favours such Persians as accompanied him, 1638 /4/d. (ed. 2) 
214 More I have not to denotate, save that many severall 
conjectures .. have passed, whence the Magi or wise men 
came. 1653 R, Battie Disswasive Vind. 11 If it fitly de- 
notated their principal position. 

2. Of things: To serve as a mark, sign, or indi- 
cation of ; to indicate, signify; = DENOTE 3, 4. 

1597 Mortey /nf/rod. Mus. 179 Short notes and quicke 
motions, which denotate a kind of wantonnes. 1610 W. 
Foixincuam Art of Survey 1, iii. 6 The high timbring Oake 
.. denotates a rich and battle soile. 1618 Botton Florus 
To Rdr., The yeeres ‘from Rome built ’— which these letters, 
A.U.C., do denotate. 1650 Huppert Pill bdo A All 

od. 
-2 


which denotate and set forth the Almighty apd 


DENOTATION. 


Denotation (dinoté-fan). [ad. L. déndtation- 
em, n. of action from déndtare to Denote. Cf. F. 
@énotation (15th c. in Hatzf.).] 

1. The action of denoting ; marking, noting ; ex- 
pression by marks, signs, or bols; indication. 


1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in 2 » Dyaee worden, 
whiche for denotation or si; ifycation of ph ite doth ende 
with an s. 1623 Cockeram, Denotation, a marking, a noting. 
1631 Br. Wesse Qwuietn, (1657) 12 A short denotation of 
that method which we will observe in the unfolding. 1659 
Pearson Creed (1839) 275 One who was called "Ermrvpos, 
because his name was used for the denotation of that year. 
1803 Lp. Exvon in Vesey's Rep. V1. 27 By that denotation 
of intention the Creditor has a double Fund. 1825 Fosproxe 
Encycl. Antig. (1843) 1. 7 
building round towers out of vanity, in denotation of con- 
quest, certainly prevailed in the middle ages. 


| 


111 The idea of Julius Czsar’s — 


2. (with a and f/.) A mark by which a thing is | 


made known or indicated ; a sign, indication. 

Re. Haut //ard Texts, N. T. 97, [had no knowledge 
of him by any outward denotations. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. (ed. 2) 47 The thred tripartite hung about their neck 
asa mysterious denotation of the Trinity. a 1650 May Safir. 
Puppy (1657) 39 After many denotations of a troubled spirit, 
he charmed attention with this speech. 1837 Wurrrock 
Bk. Trades (1842) 302 An assertion we are willing to credit 
as a denotation of effeminacy. 

3. A term employed to denote or describe a thing ; 
a designation. 

1631 Weever dnc. Fun. Mon. 595 The Germans called an 
Esquire .. knaue, a denotation of no ill qualitie in those 
dayes. 1644 HamMonp Of Conscience (T.), Mind and con- 
science are distinguished .. that former being properly the 
denotation of the faculty merely speculative, or intellectual ; 
this latter, of the practical judgement. 1 — On Ps. 
Ixxxix. 12 Annot. 446 Being here a denotation of a particular 
quarter of the world. 1742 Fiepinc ¥. Andrews 1. xi, To 
indicate our idea of a simple fellow we say he is easily to be 
seen through ; nor do I believe it a more improper ode 
tion of a simple book. 

4. The meaning or signification of a term. 

1614 Seven /Vtles Hon. 341 Time hath brought the word 
knane to a denotation of ill qualities. 1692 I; Epwarps 
Further Eng. Texts O. & NT. 35 But after all that Ihave 
said, concerning this so remarkable etymology and denota- 
tion of the word, I leave every one to his liberty. 1882 /'a// 
Mail G. 21 June 2 Can we limit the denotation of the term 
coffee to the produce of a certain berry? 1893 F. Hatt in 
Nation LVIL. 4501 The term arya .. may have a wider 
denotation than that which was long attached to it. 

5. Logic. That which a word denotes, as distin- 
guished from its connotation; the aggregate of 
objects of which a word may be predicated ; exten- 
sion. Cf. DENOTE v. 5, CONNOTATION 2 b, 

1843 Mitt Logic 1. viii. § 7 Stripping it of some part of its 
multifarious denotation, and confining it to objects possessed 
of some attributes-in common, which it may be made to 
connote. 1866 Fowrer Deduct. Logic (1887) 22 The larger 
the denotation or extensive capacity, the smaller is the con- 
notation or intensive capacity. 1870 Rotteston A min. Life 
Introd. 20 The quantitative relations which the correspond- 
ing divisions in almost any two of the animal sub-kingdoms 
hold to each other as wholes of ‘ extension ' or of ‘ denotation’. 

Denotative dinowtativ), a. [f. L. déndtit-, 
ppl. stem of déndtare + -1VE: cf. connotative.] 
Having the quality of denoting ; designative, indi- 
cative. 

1611 Corcr., Designatif, designatiue, denotatiue. 1751 
Lett. Physiognomy 121 (T.), What are the effects of sick- 
ness? the alteration it produces is so denotative, that a 
person is known to be sick by those who never saw him in 
health. 1862 F. Hay //indu Philos. Syst. 225 Non-differ- 
ence from the subject of right notion is not here denotative 
of oneness with it. 1871 Narneys Prev. & Cure Dis. u. i. 
363 The half-opened eye during sleep is not necessarily de- 
notative of any trouble. 

b. Logic. Of a word: Having the quality of 
designating, as distinguished from comnotative. 

1864 Latnam Dict. s.v. Denotation, Proper names are 
preeminently denotative ; telling us that such an object has 
such a term to denote it, but telling us nothing as to any 
single attribute. 1869 J. Martineau £ss. IL. 327 He must 
have resorted to .. names more purely denotative still. 

Hence Deno'tatively adv., in a denotative 
manner. 

1864 Bowen Logic iv. 65 If used connotatively, it is called 
a Mark; if used denotatively, it is called a Concept. 1881 
Vexn Symbolic Logic ii. 36 ‘Yhe classes, whether plural or 
individual, are all alike represented denotatively 
symbols, w, 7, ¥, 2 : 

Denote (d/ndu't), v.  [a. F. dénote-r (Oresme, 
14th c.), ad. L. déndtare to mark out, f. De- 1.3 + 
notare to mark, Nore.] 

+1. ¢rans. To note down; to put into or state 
in writing; to describe. Obs. 

1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 40 A most copious 
Regester, wherein are denoted and set downe the liues and 
actions of all the inhabitants of the earth. 1632 Lirncow 
Trav. vi. 255 Which particulars, by my owne experience, 
I could denote. 1638 H. River Borat, Odes 11. vi, Who 
worthily can with his pen denote Mars? 1697 C'fess 
D'Aunoy's Trav. (2706) 32, I cannot find Words to denote 
to you the Horror of this Spectacle. 

. To mark; to mark out (from among others) ; 
to distinguish by a mark or sign. 

1598 SHAks. Merry IW, 1. vi. 39 Her Mother hath in- 
tended (The better to dendte her to the Doctor) .. That 

uaint in greene, she shall be loose en-roab'd. 

'. Browne Pend. Ef. v. xviii, Sun Dialls, by the jow 
of a stile or lw denoting the hours of the day. 
Moxon Mech. Exerc. 343 This line shall be the Equi- 
noctial line, and serve to denote the Hour Distances, as the 


196 


Conti Lines does on other 
latin verse, 


DENOUNCE. 


denuntier) :—L. dénuntiare (-cidre) to give official 
intimation (by a messenger, etc.), f, De- I. 3+ 
tidre (nuncidre) to make known, report.] 


Ttaly, Luigi oo Graven in the stone that 
denotes door Of Ariosto. 1885 Act 48 Vict. c. 15 
Xthed. m. 6 Such entry shall in the g' be d d by 
+b. To point out as by a mark, to indicate, to 
designate. Oés. pu 
Lirucow Trav. x. The Priests as fearefull of the | informa 
emt hood wd i - ryor tr. Le mon, 


pr r them. 
Clere's Prim. Fathers (1702) 131 [Athanasius] had been de- 
noted several times by this Bi for his Successor. 
3. To be the outward or visible mark or sign of, 


Furie of a 
Bionai's a bla PP yal - ; - 
greatnesse. erys Dia uly, We the sea, 
which denotes a victory. 1766 A Cn 


1660 WiiisrorD Scales Comm. 13 In this ‘tis Moneths, as 
the Letter M denotes. ar Barrow MWes, (1687) 1. 423 
He hath given to the poor. These words denote the freeness 
of his bounty. 1703 Maunprett Journ. Ferus. (1732) 139 
All which serve only to denote the resort which the Romans 
had to this place. 1749 Smoutetr Aegicide w. vii, Thou 
hast enough Denoted thy concern. 1812-16 J. Smit /’ano- 
rama Sc. & Art ML. 524 Horizontally [in a table] opposite 
the sulphuric acid = pee magnesia, to denote that it is 
presented to that acid. 

4. To signify; to stand for as a symbol, or as a 
name or expression ; also, b. (of a person) to ex- 
press by a symbol. 

1668 Witkins Aeal Char. 405 The two strokes denoting 
an args By Cuowortn /nfedl, Syst. 262 (R.) Deus 
Ipse, God himself, denotes the Supreme God only. 171% 
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) nie 227 The Sun is some- 
times put upon Coyns to denote Providence. 1782 Prirst- 
Lev Corrupt. Chr. 1, x. 262 The word clerk .. came to 
denote an officer in the law. a@ 180g W. Gitrin Serm. 1. 
xviii. (R.), The filthiness of flesh and spirit, is a general 
expression to denote wickedness of every kind. 1871 Bb. 
Srewart //eat § 63 Then D V P (according to Boyle's law) 
will denote the mass. 1873 Act 36-7 Vict. c. 85 § 3 The 
number denoting her registered tonnage shall be cut in on 
her main beam, 

b. 1871 B. Stewart //eat § 24 Let us denote by unity the 
whole volume of [etc.]. 1882 Mincuin Unipl. Kinemat. g2 
lenote by (-V) the area of the path of /, 

5. Logic. To designate or be a name of; to be 
predicated of. (Used by Mill, in distinction from 
connote.) 

1843 Mitt Logic 1. ii. § 5 The word white denotes all white 
things, as snow, paper, the foam of the sea, etc. and .. con- 
notes the attribute whiteness. /#d., A connotative name 
ought to be considered a name of all the various individuals 
which it is predicable of, or in other words denotes, and not 
of what it connotes. 1862 H. Srencer First Princ. u. ii. 
§ 42 We can do no more than ignore the connotation of the 
words, and attend only to the things they avowedly denote. 

Hence Denoting f//. a. 

1887 Atheneum 29 Jan. 157/3 The denoting difference 
between class 1 and class 3 is the same as the denoting 
difference between class 2 and class 4. 

Denotement (d/néu'tmént). [f. Deore v. + 
-MENT.] The fact of denoting or mee known ; 
indication ; conucr. a means or mode of denoting ; 
a token, sign. 

1622 Suaks. Oth. Qo. 1 [see DELATION 3). 
HALE Cath. Hist. 128 To adde to their tem styles, some 
denotement of their ecclesiasticall power. 189 Blackw, 
Mag. XXVI. 192 These outward denotements of a perturbed 
spirit. 1875 M. A. Lower Eng. Surnames (ed. 4) 1. v. 69 
note, Bush was formerly the common denotement, some- 
times the sign, of an inn. 

Denotive (d/no« tiv), a. [f. Denore v. + -1VE.] 
Having the quality of denoting ; serving to denote ; 
denotative ; icative, 

1830 W. Prius A/f. Sinai 1. 460 Not so aught else Of 
Him denotive. 1830 Herscus Stud. Nat, Phil. u. v, (1851) 
140 [Names] denotive of species too definite to admit of 
mistake, 1881 A, M. Farmsairn in Brit, 0. Rev. Oct. 404 
‘The term Church He uses .. once .. as denotive of a single 
assembly. 

|| Denouement (denmanh). [F. dénonement, 
dénotiment, formerly de. t, f. dé , des- 
nouer, in OF. desnoer to untie = Pr. denosar, It. 
disnodare, 2 Romanie formation from L, dés- + 
nodére to knot, nodus knot.) 

Unravelling ; ~~ the final unravelling of the 
complications of a plot in a drama, novel, etc. ; 
the catastrophe ; éransf. the final solution or issue 
of a complication, difficulty, or mystery. 

1752 Cuesrenr. Lett, eclxx. (1792) ILL. 237 Had the truth 
been extorted from Varon .. by the rack, it would have been 
a true ical dénonement, 177% Smoriert Humph. Cl. 
(1815) mp particulars of the ‘d * you shall 
know in due season, 1851 Mayne Retw Scalp //untfers xxii. 
163 Up to the present time we stood the 
dénouement in silence. 1871 B. Tavtor Faust (1875) I. 228 
These lines suggest. .the moral déxonement of the lot. 

Denoumbre : see DENUMBER. 

Denounce (d/nawns),v. Also 4-5 denounse, 


E. Cutsen- 


73 4-6 denunce, 5 denouns, Sc. denwns, 6 de- 


nonce. [a. OF. denoncier, -noncer (in 1ath.c. 


|. Freethinker No. 16 ? 6 An appr 


1. To give formal, authoritative, or official in- 
formation of; to proclaim, announce, declare ; to 
blish, a +a. a matter of fact, tidings, 
etc. Obs. 


moder, 

ry cd Foxe A. & MV. 

—, ly de- 

1609 Bree (Douay) 
and buried, I can 
not denounce thy praises as now I can to mortal men. 
ee ee (1686) ge td this — remission a4 
sins is unto you. 1 yurre Parergon 70 
Beadles and Apparitors .. are forbidden .. to denounce or 


hich < 


P any 

b. an event about to take place: usually of a 
calamitous nature, as war or death, and thus passing 
into 3. Obs. or arch. 

1536 BeLLenpeNn Cron. Scot. (1821) 1. 53 That the king sall 
nothir denonce weir, nor treit peace, but advise the 
capitanis of tribis. 1597 Dantet Civ. Wars (1609) 1v. Ixxxiv 
Whose Herald, Sickenes, being employd before With full 
commission to denounce his rod Y Bisse (Douay) /’s. 
exviii. comm., Geving thanks..at the Cocke-crowing, be- 
cause at that time the coming of the day is denounced. 163 
Weever Anc. Fun, Mon. 683 An Officer at Armes, whose 
function is to d warre, to laime peace. @ 
Dicsy Priv. Ment. (1827) 199 To. .denounte them war. 1 
hrough by th aos ae 
through every Street, by the noisy Hawkers. 
Lat. Chr. (1864) IL. tv. i. 197 Mohammed himself. .had not 
ay vaguely denounced war against mankind in the Koran 

t 1. lh = A 


te. Const. with subord, clause. Obs. 

1388 Wycur Nu. xviii. 26 C de thou, and d 
to the dekenes, Whanne bad han take tithis of the sones of 
Israel. .offre 3¢ the firste fruytis of tho to the Lord. _¢1g00 
Melusine 19 A forester cam to denounce to the Erle Emery 
how there was within the fforest of Coulombyers the moost 
meruayllous wildbore that euer was sen byfore. 1581 J. 
Beit Haddon's Answ. Osor.111 First of all I suppose no 
man will deny, but that Paule doth denounce men to 
Justified by fayth. 1611 Bist Dent. xxx. 18, 1 denounce 
unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish. 1660 tr. 
Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. mw. v. 396 God denounced 
that he would cause the Deluge to come upon the Earth. 
1793 Objections to War Examined 27 Scarcely a sitting 

sses..but some Department..or Town is nced to 

in a state of insurrection, 1818 Jas. Mut Brit. /ndia 

II. v. vii. 596 ‘Io denounce to him that a failure in this respect 
would be treated as equivalent to an absolute refusal. 

+2. ¢ransf. Of things: To make known or an- 
nounce, ¢sf. in the manner of a sign or portent ; to 
portend. Odés. 

1581 J. Beit. Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 5 Then should your 
three Invectives have vomited lesse slaunders and reproches, 
and denounced you a more charitable man & 


ee 1 —— John wu. iv. 159 Meteors, sao, 
and signes, jues, presages and tongues uen, 
Plainly denouncing lohn. 1667 Mitron 


vengeance vpon 

P. LM. 106 His look d ‘dD re ,and Battel 
dangerous Toless than Gods. 1706 Estcourt Fair Examp. 
i. i, A yellow or dark Spot upon the middle Finger, with 
me denounces Trouble, and a white one promises Joy. 175% 
Jounson Kambler No. 155 ?6 They would readily .. catch 
the first alarm by which destruction or infamy is de- 
now! 


3. To announce or proclaim in the manner of a 
threat or warning (punishment, vengeance, a curses@ 


etc.). 

1632 J. Havwarp tr. Biondi's E v 
the into his charge, as a speciall steed of the Kings: 
denouncing him his Majesties indig if he d 
any one [ete.}. 1687 T. N Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 
1. 73 There's nothing but fire and desolation denounc'd on 
bork sides. 1721 Berxecey Prevent. Kuin Gt. Brit. Wks. 
IIL, 201 leolch denounced a severe judgment against the 
ladies of his time. i AY Invinc Capt. Bonneville 111. 
rat Captain Wyeth... heard the Crows denounce ven- 
geance on them, for having murdered two of their warriors. 
1875 E. Warts Life in Christ u. xiv. (1878) 158 The Curses 
were to be denounced from Mount Ebal. 

4. To proclaim, declare, or pronounce (a person) 
to be (something): a. usually cursed, outlawed, 
or something bad. 70 denounce to the horn (Sc. 
Law): mate to im a rebel with the cere- 
mony of horning. Oés. or arch. 3 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 29251 (Cott.) Pe [man] pat brekes kirkes 
Fan ane eae Wilcmes Basak pert Ph Hive chapelans 
vit, ix. - 
ef Deawan cand wath Buk and Bell All pei, pat had part 
Of pat bon or ony art. c1ggs Harrsrieto Divorce 
Hea. VU 1878) 182 She. .was denounced . .contumas, and 
a citation decerned for herappearance. 1579 Sc. Acts. Fas. 
V1 (sa) 69s, Tee Cee processe of hornii 
is sa great..that t 
feare theirof. /did., The ie swa denunced to the Horne, 
1581 J. Bett. Haddon's Answ. Osor, 466 He accurseth and 


He deli } 


denouw for a damned creature. 1709 Strvre 
Ann, Ref. 1, xxv. 281 He was denounced ex- 
i by the Presid Exiza Parsons A/yst. . 
Visit IV. 50 Her .. dislike to the late Mrs. Clifford led 

denounce her a base, false woman. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law 
Scott. 274/2 A messenger-at-arms. .t -r denounced the 
and put him to the as it is termed, by 

coon bieae ot cherie 1879 Dixon indsor 11. vii. 76 


A safer plan was to denounce him as a public enemy. 


DENOUNCE. 


+b, To proclaim king, emperor, etc. Obs. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. v1. clxiv. 159 The sayde pope. .crownyd 
hym with y* imperyall dyademe and denounced hym as 
emperoure. c 1534 tr. Pol, Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 
102 Constantine was denounced emperowre of the Romaine 
soldiars, 1610 Hottann Camden's Brit. (1637) 85 (D.) His 
sonne Constans, whom..he had denounced Augustus or 

mperor. 

5. To declare or make known (an offender) to the 
authorities; to inform against, delate, accuse. 

1485 Bull Innoc. VIII in Camden Misc. (1847), To de- 
nunce, and declare or cause to be denunced and declared alle 
suche poner doers and rebelles. 1533 More Afol. Wks. 
886/1 Those therfore that speake heresies, euery good man 
that hereth them is bounden to denounce or accuse them, 
and the bishoppes are bounden vpon theire wordes proued to 
putte them to penaunce and reforme theym., 1726 AyLirre 
Parergon 99 Archdeacons..shall..denounce such of them 
as are negligent .. to the Bishop. 1883 7ies 3 Apr. 4 She 
had half a mind to denounce him that she might save the 
lives or the liberty of the tools who might be compromised. 
1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid uu. 83 Palamedes..Valsely de- 
nounced, and to death unjust by the Danaans done. 

6. To declare (a person or thing) publicly to be 
wicked or evil, usually implying the expression of 
righteous indignation ; to bring a public accusation 
against; to inveigh against openly; to utter denun- 
ciations against. 

1664, 1821 [see Denouncerc]. 1825 J. Near Bro. Jonathan 
TIL. 443 Humanity! I forswear it—I denounce it! what 
have | to do with humanity? 1863 Gro. Evior Romola (1880) 
I. Introd. 8 Savonarola .. denounced with a rare boldness 
the worldliness and vicious habits of the clergy. 1875 Bryce 
Holy Rom. Emp, xvi. (e1, 5) 280 Others scorned and 
denounced him as an ager a demagogue, and a rebel. 

7. To give formal notice of the termination of 
(an armistice, treaty, etc.). [So F. dénoncer.) 

1842 Atison //ist, Europe (1850) XII. Ixxx. §7. 90 The 
armistice was denounced on the 11th, but, by its conditions, 
six days more were to elapse before hostilities could be 
resumed. 1879 Yimes 16 June, The French Government 
has ‘denounced’ the existing commercial treaties. 1885 
Manch. Exam. 20 May 5/2 Either party would be at liberty 
--to denounce the arrangement upon giving a year’s notice. 

8. Mining. (In Mexico and Spanish America.) 
To give formal notice to the authorities of the 
discovery of (a new mine) or of the abandonment 
or forfeiture of (an old one); hence, to claim the 
right to work (a mine) on the ground of such 
information or discovery. [=Sp. denzzciar.) 

1881 FE. G. Squier in Encycl. Brit. X11. 132/1 (//onduras) 
oo are frequent, principally in the vicinity of Erandique, 
where as many as sixteen mines have been ‘ denounced’ in 
a single year. 1886 Mining Circular, One mining claim 
denounced and occupied in conformity with the mining laws 
of Mexico. 

1 9. ? To renounce. Ods. rare. 

c 1325 £. E. Allit. P. B. 106 Certez pyse ilk renkez pat me 
renayed habbe & denounced..Schul neuer sitte in my sale 
my soper to fele. 

Hence Denownced /#/. a. 

1552 Hutort, Denounced, denunciatus, indictus. 1592 
Se, Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 443 The denunced persones landes, 
gudes or geir. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Laz (1809) 38 He 
had also right .. to the single escheat of all denounced per- 
sons residing within his jurisdiction. 1845 ‘I’. W. Corr 
Puritanism 521 Vhis poor denounced Virginia. 

+ Denownce, sd. Obs. rare. [f. DENOUNCE v. 
Cf. obs. F. dénonce in Godef.] = DENoUNCEMENT. 

1705 J. Rosins //ero of Age t.vi.7 But Haughty Louis hop’d 
og Fate to Mock, Seems to deride her brave Denounce of 

War. 

Denow'nceable, ¢. rare. [f. Denounce v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being denounced. 

1837 Cartyie Fr. Rev. ui. 1, ii, It is embodied ; made 
tangible, made denounceable, 

Denouncement (d/nawnsmént). [a. obs. F. 
denoncement ‘a denouncing’ (Cotgr.), f. dénoncer: 
see -MENT.] 

1. The action of denouncing; denunciation ; 
+ declaration; + announcement (of evil); public 
accusation or expression of condemnation. i 

1544 BaLe Chron. Sir ¥. Oldcastell in Hart. Misc.(Malh.) 
I. 272 At the laufull denouncement and request of our vni- 
uersall clergye. .we proceeded against him [Oldcastell]. 1641 
Mitton Ch, Govt. 11. iii. 51 This terrible denouncement, 1646 
Sir T. Browne send. Ef. 1. ii. 6 Upon the denouncement 
of his curse. 1836 New Monthly Mag. XLVIL. 94 Of the 
vengeance that overtook criminals of this sort, and of dread- 
ful Uxipnacerents against their posterity. 1879 G. Mac- 
ponatp P, Faber 11. xii. 236 She sat listening to the curate’s 
denouncement of hypocrisy. 

2. The fact of denouncing a mine or land: cf. 
Denounce v. 8. (Mexico and Spanish America.) 

1864 Mowry Arizona vi. 112 The title to these deposits 
is a ‘denouncement’ as discoverer, of four fertenencias. 
1884 American VII. 296 Under the law of denouncement, 
a species of pre-emption by which unoccupied lands are 

uired [in Mexico]. 
mouncer (d/nau'nsa1). [f. Denounce v. + 
-ER1; =OF, denonceor, -eur.] One who denounces, 
in various senses of the verb. a. One’ who an- 
nounces, proclaims, declares, threatens. 

1490 Caxton. Exeydos xxii. 82 The owle is a byrde mortalle 
or otherwyse denouncer of mortalite. 161x Cortcr., Pre- 
dicateur. .denouncer of things to come. 1690 Drypen Don 
Sebastian v. Wks. (1883) VII. 466 Here comes the sad de- 
nouncer of my fate. 1748 Richarpson Clarissa(1811) VIIL. 
xli. 164, I undertook to be the denouncer of her doom, 1824-9 
Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) IL. 39 Denouncer of just 
vengeance, recall the sentence ! 


197 


b. One who informs against, accuses, delates. 
1533 Morr Dedell. Salem Wks. 1013/1 So dooeth euery 
denouncer, euerye accuser, and in a maner euerye witnesse 
too. 1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 576 ‘These 
illiterate denouncers. 1867 Smices //ugnenots Eng. x. 159 
Detected fugitives were..condemned to the galleys. . while 
their denouncers were. .rewarded with half their goods. 
e. One who publicly inveighs against, or ex- 
presses condemnation of (a person, practice, etc. ). 
1664 EveLyn Sylva (1776) 568, I am no advocate for iron- 
works, but a Declared Denouncer, 1821 /2xaminer 1 Apr. 
193/t Not to be lost sight of... by the denouncers of corrup- 
tion. 1878 Mortry Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1.185 The chief 
denouncer of phantasms and exploded formulas. 
d. One who denounces a mine in order to obtain 
possession of it. (Mexico and Spanish America.) 
Denounciation, obs. form of DENUNCIATION. 


Denouncing (dénawnsiy), vid. sb. [-1NG 1] 
The action of the verb DENOUNCE in various senses. 

1552 Hutort, Denouncyng, denunciatio, 1562 J. Siure 
Cambine’s Turk. Wars 15, Without any other denouncing 
of warres..he presented his armie, 1647 May //ist. /'ard. 
i. vi. to9 When the first apparent denouncing of War began. 
1862 CariyLe Fredk. Gt. xin. i.(1873) V. 5 Oh the pamphilet- 
eerings, the denouncings, the complainings. 

Denowncing, ///. 2. [-1NG*.] That de- 
nounces. 

1661 CowLey Disc. Govt. O. Cromwel Verses & ¥ss.\ 1669) 
60 Let some denouncing Jonas first be sent ‘To try if kng- 
land can repent. 1746 Cotiins Odes, Passions 43 ‘The War- 
denouncing trumpet. 

De novo: see DEI. 6. 

+ Densate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. densire 
to make dense, thicken, f. devsus DrENse.] “rans. 
To thicken, condense. 

1604 R. Cawprry Zable Alph., Densated, made thicke. 
1657 Tomuinson Kenou's Disp. 651 Oyl of Roses. .densates, 
tempers the hot ventricle. 

+Densa‘tion. és. °[ad. L. densdtion-em, n. 
of action from densire: see prec.] Thickening, 
condensation. 

1615 Crookr Body of Man 263 The Densation, Rarefaction, 
and Contraction of the matter of the parts. 1655-60 STANLEY 
Hist. Philos. (1701) 7/1 Densation, or rarefaction. 1729 
Suecvocke Artillery 1. 261 This Densation. . being a Priva- 
tion of the natural property of Fire, which is Ra ion. 

|| Dens canis, the Doa’s roorH VIOLET, q.v™ 

Dense (dens), a. [ad. L. dens-us thick, dense, 
crowded. Cf. F. dense (Paré, 16th c., in 13th c. 
dempse), perh. the immediate source of the Eng.] 

1. Having its constituent particles closely com- 
pacted together; thick, compact. a. Of close 
molecular structure. Opp. to rare. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bh. Physiche. 56/1 When as 
the Cataracte is so dense and of such a crassitude that heer- 
with they will not be soackede. 1671 R. Bonun Il’ind 192 
The Earth, being a dense body, retaines the Calorifique 
impressions. 1794 Suttivan View Vat. 1, 145 It pervades 
all bodies, dense as well as rare. 1860 T'yNpALt Glac. 1. x. 
66 Dense fog settled upon the cascade, 1878 Huxiry 
Physiogr. 227 The dense bones resist decay longer. 

Having its (perceptibly separate) parts or 
constituents closely crowded together ; in Lo/, and 
Zool. closely set. 

1776 Witnerinc Brit, Plauts (1796) U1. 366 Grows in 
dense tufts. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Dense panicle. 1825 
Soutney Tale of Paraguay i. 7 Marshes wide and wood- 
lands dense. 1836 Marryar Midsh. Easy xxv, Vhe crowd 
..was so dense that it was hardly possible to move. 1846 
MeCuttocu Ace. Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 393 Their popula- 
tion, which in most instances is very dense, amounts to 
about 45,000. ; ; 

e. Crowded, ‘thick’ (with). rare. 

1842 Tennyson Morte d’Arthur 196 All the decks were 
dense with stately forms. 

2. fig. & gen. 

1932 Hist. Litteraria 111. 249 Sometimes the Author is not 
so properly concise, as dense, if I may use the Word. 
When the Subject is limpid of it self, he frequently inspis 
sates it. 1760 Frankuin Lett, Wks. (1887) ILI. 42 Six weeks 
of the densest happiness I have met with. 1858 Hawruorne 
Fr. & It. Frnis. (1872) U1. 156 If his character were suffi- 
ciently sound and dense to be capable of steadfast principle. 

b. esp. Of ignorance, stupidity, etc. : Profound, 
intense, impenetrable, crass. 

1877 Biack Greex Past. vii. (1878) 55 The dense ignorance 
in which they have been allowed to grow up. 

e. transf. Of persons: Stupid, ‘thick-headed ’, 

1822 Lams Edia Ser. 1. Artif. Comedy Last Cent., More 
virtuous than myself, or more dense. 1887 Poor Nellie 
(1888) 114 He will. .put notions into her dense head. 

3. Photography. Of a negative: Opaque in the 
developed film, so as to yield prints in which the 
lights and shades are well contrasted. 

. Comb. 

1861 Miss Pratt Flower. Pl, V. 298 Dense-headed Rush. 
1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 73 Heads dense-flowered. 1874 
Liste Carr Fud. Gwynne I. iv. 123 How quicksighted do 
the most dense-minded men become when in love ! 

Hence (sonce-wd.) Dense v, to make dense; 
Densing v0/. si. 

1888 F, H. Sropparp in Andover Rev. Oct., It is the 
densing of the slight, the fleshing of the spiritual. 

Densely (densli), adv. [f. DENSE a. +-LY 2] 

1. Inadense manner; thickly, closely, crowdedly. 

1836 Maccitiivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. xxiv. 333 
Countries that have long been densely pled. x 
Tynpvatt ‘Glac. 1. xxv. 184 Clouds .. densely black. 1875 


DENSITY. 


Jowett Plato (ed, 2) III. 683 ‘The citadel .. was densely 
crowded with dwellings. 
fi. Intensely, grossly. 

1883 J. Fiske in Harper's Mag. Feb. 420'2 The people 
were densely ignorant. 

De-nsen, v. vare. [f. DENSE a. +-EN 5.] frans. 
‘To make dense, or 7x/v. To become dense. Hence 
Densening v#/. sb., thickening, condensation. 

1884 //arper's Mag. June 123/2 In 1800 there is some 
densening of population within the old lines. 

Denseness (de‘nsnés,. [f. DENSE a. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being dense ; density. 

1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 325 The denseness of 
some interposing globe. A/od. ‘The denseness of the fog. 
The fellow’s denseness tries my patience sorely. 

Denshire (de‘nfa1), v. Also 7 devonshire, 
-sher, densher, densure, g denshare. [A syn- 
copated form of Devonshire used as a vb.; the 
method having been originally practised there. 

¢ 1630 Rispon S277, Devon (1810) 2 Devonshire; now, by 
a vulgar speech, Denshire. /bid. § 96 (1810) 92 In our 
Denshire speech called /’oAil2. 1654 Vitvain /pit. Ess. v- 
x, lwo Denshire Rivers neer contermining.] 

trans. To clear or improve (land) by paring 
off turf, stubble, weeds, ete., burning them, and 
spreading the ashes on the land; = Burn-bear. 
Ifence De‘nshiring wé/. sé. 

1607 Norpen Surv. Dial. 228 Vhey..call it in the West 
parts, Burning of beate, and in the South-East parts, Devon- 
shiring. ¢ 1630 Rispon Surv. Devon (1810) 11 Which kind 
of beating and burning..seems to be originally peculiar to 
this county, being known by the name of Menshering in 
other countries. 1669 Worwpcr Syst. Agric. (1681) 6 
About three Acres, Denshired, or Burnt-beaten. 1671 St. 
hotne Inprowd 8 The good husbandry of Densuring or 
Devonshering of Land. 1799 7raus. Soc. Enconurag. Arts 
XVII. 160 ‘The land..was denshi and one crop of oats 
taken from it. 1887 Rocrrs Agric. & I’rices V. 62 Vhe 
system of densharing or devonshiring old and poor pasture 
had made considerable | 4 

[By R. Child, 1651 :in Ha Legacy, 1655, 37' erroneously 
guessed to be from Dendighshire: thence in some Dicts.] 

Densify (densifoi), v. rare. [f. 1. dens-us 
DensE+-FyY.] ¢vans. To make dense, condense. 

1820 Blachw. Mag. VIII. ‘Yo densify the Lunar 
atmosphere. 1874 Contemp. Rev. XXIV. 421 To ‘densify’ 
into substantial existence the misty conceptions. 

Densimeter (densi'm/ta1 . Also denso‘meter. 

[f. L. dens-s dense +-METER.] An apparatus for 
measuring the density or specific gravity of a solid 
or liquid. 
_ 1863 tr. Canot's Physics (1886) 112 Rousseau’s densimeter.. 
is of great use. .in determining the specific gravity of a small 
quantity of a liquid. 1883 /7sheries Laxhib. Catal, 210 
Ocean salinometer and optical densometer. 

Density (de‘nsiti).  [a. F. denseté (Pare, 16th 
c., in 13th c. dempsité), ad. L. densttas, -tatem 
thickness, f. derses DENSE 

1. The quality or condition of being dense; thick- 
ness; closeness of texture or consistence. 

1603 Hoitann Plutarch’s Aor. 1187 The densitie and 
thicknesse of the aire. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 592 As for the 
Leaves, their density appeareth in that, either they are 
smooth and shining..or in that they are hard and spiry. 
1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake 1. xvii. 185 A Fogg ot the 
greatest Density I ever remember to have seen. 1796 
Morse Amer, Geog. IL. 311 It was. .necessary to supply the 
defect of density by more frequent inspirations. 1864 Bowrn 
Logic xi. (1870) 361 ‘The additional qualities of weight, 
attraction, impenetrability, elasticity, density. 

2. Physics. The degree of consistence of a body 
or substance, measured by the ratio of the mass to 
the volume, or by the quantity of matter in a unit 
of bulk. 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 31 There is in the Air. .such a variety 
..both as to their density and rarity. 1696 Wiiston 7%. 
More than four times the density of 


y 1831 
TER Oftics iil, 25 The bodies contained in these 
tables have all different densities, 1881 WiLiiAmson in 
Nature No. 618. 415 Vo determine the vapour densities and 
rates of diffusion of those which could be obtained in the 
gaseous state, 

b. Llectr. The quantity of electricity per unit 
of volume or area. 

1873 CLERK Maxwext Electr. § Magn. (1881 $64 The electric 
density at a given point on a surface is the limiting ratio of 
the quantity of electricity within a sphere whose centre is 
the given point to the area of the surface contained within 
the sphere, when its radius is diminished without limit. 
1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. I. 
139 A uniform ring of electricity of density —1. 

3. Crowded state; degree of aggregation. 

1851 Nicnon Archit. Heav. 154 Not..te sound depths by 
ordinary rules founded on the numbers of the stars, but 
rather to unfold densities. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commi, II. 
xxxvi. 5 Not only these differences in size, but the differences 
in density of population. ; 

b. concr. A dense mass or aggregation. rare. 

1858 Hawtuorne Fr. & /t. Frnis. 1. 144 Stems, support- 
ing a cloud-like density of boughs. 

4. Photogr. Opaqueness of the developed actin- 
ized film in a negative. 

1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. WN. 143 (Photogr.) A rapid 
— of density will be the result, 

. fig. Stupidity, crassitude. 

1894 A. Birrevt in Westminst, Budget 27 July 48/2 The 
density which is sometimes. .attributed to your party. 

Denso'meter, another form of DENSIMETER. 


DENT. 


Densure, obs. form of DensHiRE v. 

Dent (dent), 56.1 [A phonetic variant or col- 
lateral form of Dint, OE. dynt; in sense 4 app. 
influenced by ¢adent and its family, and thus con- 
nected with Dent sé.-] 

+1. A stroke or blow, esf. with a weapon or sharp 
instrument: usually a blow dealt in fighting (= 
Dint sé. 1). Ods. - 

¢1325 Coer de L, 291 With a dente amyd the schelde. 
1350 IVill. Palerne 1215 Ac he wip dou;ti dentes defended 
him long. «435 Torr. Portugalgts Vher schalle no knyght 
come nere hond, Fore dred of denttes ylle. c1485 Digby 
Myst. (1882) 11. 272 The dent of deth is hevyar than 
1570 Preston Camrbyses in Hazl. Dodsley IV, 215 He 
shall die by dent of sword. 1596 Srenser /. Q. 1. vi. 15 
Plates yrent, Shew'd all his bodie bare unto the cruell dent. 
1603 Drayton Odes xvii. 95 And many a cruell Dent Bruised 
his Helmet. 

+b. A ‘stroke’ or clap of thunder ; a thunder- 
bolt. Oés. 

a 1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 147 The lizting, That.. 
cometh after the dente. ¢ 1320 Sir Benes 2738 A made a cri 
and a wonder, Ase hit were a dent of ponder. c 1386 CHAUCER 
Miller's T, 621 As gret as it had ben a thundir dent. ¢ 1430 
Lyne. Bochas vin. i. (1554) 177 b, By stroke of thundre dent 
And fyry lightning. : ; 

+ 2. Striking, dealing of blows ; vigorous wield- 
ing of the sword or other weapon (= D1nT sé, 2). 

a 1400 Octonian 1555; Here son was doughty knyght of 
dente. 1548 Hatt Chron. 41 b, With mortal warre and dent 
of sworde. 1§56 J. Hevwoon Spider & F. lix. 32 Tosubdew 
the flies by the swoords dent. a 1600 Tourn. Tottenham 48 
For to wynne my do3ter wyth dughtynesse of dent. 

+b. Striking distance, range or reach of stroke 

(=Dint sé, 2d’. Obs. 

1567 Martet Gr. Forest 78 There is no birde that escapeth 
him that commeth in his dent, but she is his owne. 

+3. =Dint. Obs. 

1 J. Payne Royal Exch. 3, 1 am sturred by dent of 
Christian dutie. 

4. A hollow or impression in a surface, such as 
is made by a blow with a sharp or edged instru- 
ment ; an indentation, Dnt. 

1565 Jewet Nepl. Harding Wks. (1611) 425 We haue 
thrust our fingers into the dents of his nailes. 1612 Brinsity 
Lud. Lit. 16 Mark it with a dent with the nayle, or a 
pricke with a pen. 1620 SHELTON Quix. iv. xix. IT. 233 
O the most noble and obedient Squire that ever had Sword 
at a Girdle..or Dent ina Nose. r6gt ‘I’. H[ave]) Acc. Ver 
Invent. p. viii, Taking his Hammer, he again beat out the 
dent. 1722 CHAMBERLAYNE in PAI, Trans. XX X11. 98 The 
fat Particles had such a Pinch, or Dent, in them, as I have 
shewn, that there were in the Globules of Flower of Wheat. 
1848 ‘Fuoreau Maine IW. i. (1867) 51 The rocks .. were 
covered with the dents made by the spikes in the lumberers’ 
hoots. 1857 Gro. Evior Scenes Cler. Life, Janet's Repent. 
ii, Dents and disfigurements in an old family tankard. 

Dent, s/.- [a. F. dent tooth; but sense 1 
perh. originated as an extension of sense 4 of prec. 
sb., under the influence of the Fr. word, or of zd/en¢ 
and its family.] 

+1. An indentation in the edge of anything; in 
fl. applied both to the incisions and the projections 
or teeth between them. Odés. ‘ 

1552 Hutorr, Dentes about a leafe lyke a saw, crenr. 
1660 Broome Archit. Aa, Denticudi, a broad plinth in the 
cornish cut with dents. 1700 Drvven Fables, Cock & box 
so High was his comb, and coral-red withal, In dents em- 
battl'd like a castle-wall. 

2. A tooth, in various technical uses : 

a. A burnishing tool used by gilders: sometimes an actual 
tooth. 706s. b. Weaving. One of the sflits or parallel 
strips of metal, cane, etc. forming the reed of a loom. 
¢e. Carding. The wire staple that forms the tooth of a card. 
d. A tooth in a gear-wheel, or in the works of a lock. 

1703 1.8. Art's Luprow. 51 This is commonly practised upon 
Black and Coloured Wood, Polishing them witha Dent, 1831 
G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 221 This saves the labour of pass- 
ing the new threads through the mails and dents of the reed. 
1846 G. Wutre Treat. Weaving 53 The reed is made to con- 
tain acertain number of devts or sfdits in a given space. 
1894 Textile Manuf. 15 May 196 The satin may be reeded 
four in a dent if desired. 

Dent, 5%. /ocal. A tough clay or soft claystone ; 
esp. that found in the joints and fissures of sandstone 
or other strata. 

1864 A. Jervrey Hist. Roxburghshire IV. iii. 162 The walls 
of these houses .. were cemented with pounded dent. 

Dent, f//. a. [short for dented.] 

+1. Embossed [see DEnr v. 3]. Obs. 

1450 Golagros 4 Gaw. 66 The sylour deir of the deise 
dayntely wes dent With the doughtyest in thair dais dyntis 
couth dele. 

+2. Her. =IxpEntED. Obs. 

1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. v. (1660) 27 Wrapt with dent 
bordure silver shining. : ; 

3. Dent corn: a variety of Indian corn having a 
dent or depression in each kernel. U.S. 

Dent, v. [A variant of Dint v.: see Dent s6."] 

1. trans. To make a dent in, as with a blow upon 
a surface ; to mark with a dent or dents ; to indent. 

1388, 1 [see DentinG vid. sd. 2, 1). ¢14go Promp. 
Parv. 118 Dentyw or yndentyn, indento. 1530 Paiscr. 

11/2, I dente, Fenfondre .. se howe it hath dented in his 

arnesse, 1§§9 SACKVILLE /nduct. xii. 7 So dented were her 
cheekes with fall of teares, 1691 T. H[ace] Acc. New /nvent. 

A viii, With which blow it was not broken but dented. 1703 

. N. City & C. Purchaser 161 Jumping upon it with the 
Heals of ones Shooes will dent it. Darwin Voy. Nat. 
iii. (1879) 62 The fragments had been blown off with force 


198 


sufficient to dent the wall. 188: Miss Brappon Asfh. 1. 
y Armour that had been battered and dented at Cressy. 

. To imprint, impress, implant with a stroke or 
impact. 

1450 Golagros § Gaw. 824 Suppose his dyntis be deip 
dentit in your scheild. 1533 Bettenpen / fvy mt. (1822) 246 
‘This yoik wes maid of thre speris, of quhilkis twa war dentit 
in the erde. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 11. 407 The tracks 
of horses’ hoofs deeply dented in the road. 


+3. To emboss, set, ene Obs. ; 
c Bone Flor. 326 The pyllers that stonde in the halle, 
Are dentyd wyth golde clere crystalle. c1475 Rauf 


Coitzear 667 Dyamountes full dantely dentit betwene. 

4. intr. a. Yo enter or sink z#, so as to make 
a dent or indentation. b. To become indented, as 
a plastic surface when pressed with something 
pointed or edged. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. lix. (1495) 274 Yf thou 
thrystest thy fyngere vpon the postume it denteth in. did. 
xvit. xxiv. 648 Yf the fynger dynteth in therto and finde it 
nesshe. 1611 Starrorp Niote 40 His cheekes, denting-in, 
as if he were still sucking at a bottle. 1869 Eng. Mech. 
3 Dec. 271/1 You will see it dent, for it is elastic. 

+5. To aim a penetrating blow (a). Oés. 

1580 Lyty Euphues(Arb.)373 So my heart. .dented at with 
y’ arrowes of thy burning affections. 

Dental (dental), a. and sé. [ad. mod. or ? med. 
L. dental-is, f. dens, dent-em tooth; cf. F. dental 
(1611 in Cotgr.). Ancient L. had denté/e (in form 
the neuter of dentalis) =‘ share-beam of a plough’). 

A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to the teeth ; of the 
nature of a tooth. 

Dental arch, the arched or curved line of the teeth in the 
mouth 3 dental cavity, the natural hollow of a tooth, which 
is filled by the dentad pulp. Dental formula, a formula or 
concise tabular statement of the number and kinds of teeth 
possessed by a mammal; the numbers in the upper and the 
lower row are written above and below a horizontal line, like 
the numerator and denominator of a fraction : see Denti- 
TION 2. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 77/2 To vse this, 
and the other dentalle poulders. 1650 BuLwer Anthro- 
pomet. Pref., To sway It downwards, and the Dental root 
display. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 53 Dentall 
sockets. 1860 Hartwic Seca & Wond. vi. 72 The cetaceans 
are either without a dental apparatus, or provided with 
teeth. 1894 /vvies (Weekly ed.) 16 Feb. 133/4 Dental disease 
.. became reduced to a minimum. 

P Dealing with the teeth; of or pertaining to 
dentistry. Dental apparatus, chisel, drill, file, 
Sorceps, hammer, etc., apparatus and instruments 
used in dentistry. 

1870 | (/t/e\, Dental Diploma Question. 1874 Knicur Dict. 
Mech., Dental chisel. drill. filelerc.). lbid., Dental pump, 
an apparatus for withdrawing the saliva from the mouth 
during dental operations. 1878 L. P. Merevitn Teeth 
p. viii, Opening the doors of dental knowledge to the people. 
1890 /imes 20 Aug. 11/2 A Dental School is Cc anched to the 
Hospital. 

2. Phonology. Pronounced by applying the tip 
of the tongue to the front upper teeth, as the con- 
sonants t, d, p, ¥, n. 

In some languages, as in English, ¢, d, are not strictly 
dental, but alveolar; ice, the contact is with the gum close 
behind the teeth. 

1594 1. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 87 The Hebrewes 
name their letters, some gutturall, because they are pro- 
nounced more in the throat : others, dentall, because a man 
cannot wel pronounce them without the teeth. 1626 Bacon 
Sylva $198. 21794 Sin W. Jones in Asiat, Res. (1799) 
I-12 Each of the dental sounds is hard or soft, sharp or 
obtuse. 1855 Fornes Hindistdnt Gram. (1868) 5, 9 is much 
softer and more dental than the English ¢. 1877 Sweer 
Handbk. Phonetics 31-2 This class is commonly called 
‘dental’, but the point of the tongue is not necessarily 
brought against the teeth. 

B. sé. 1. Phonology. A dental consonant. 

21794 Sir W. Jones in Asiat. Res. (1799) 1. 11 Next came 
different classes of dentals. 1884 American 1X. 105 Such 
a phonetic law does not account for the word under dis- 
cussion, no dental being present. 

2. humorously. A tooth. 

1837 Lanvor Pentameron Wks. 1846 I. 344, T would not 
voluntarily be under his manifold rows of dentals, 

3. Arch. =DENTIL. 

1761 Kirxsy Perspect. Architect. 39 From the dentals 
already drawn the others are to be taken, and also the den- 
ticles. 1857 Bircn Anc. Pottery (1858) IL. 195 The abacus 
red, the dentals yellow, with a red boss 


Se 

4. Zool."A mollusc of the genus Dentalium or 
family Dentaliide ; a tooth-shell. 

1678 Puittirs, Dental, a small Shelfish .. hollow like a 
little tube, and acuminated. a 1728 Woopwarp (J.), The 
shell of a dental, 3 ‘ 

~ 5. A sea fish of the Mediterranean, belonging 
to the genus Denlex, 

1753 Cuamners Cyed. pe ry Dentale is a name given by 
some to a fish caught in the Medi and in 
the markets of Italy. a18g0 Rosserm Dante & Cire. U. 
Months Mar., Salmon, eel and trout, Dental and dolphin. 

Dentalite (dentaloit). Padwont. [f. Dentatium 
(see prec. 4) + -1TE.] A fossil tooth-shell. 

1828 in Wenster. 1847 Craic, Dentadlite, Dentalithe, a 
fossil dentalium. 

Dentality (dente liti). 
ef. nasality.) Dental quality. 
Mod. In Irish, the dentality of ¢ and @ is very marked. 
Dentalize (dentiloiz), v.  [f Dewran + -128.] 
trans. To make dental, change into a dental sound. 

Hence Dentaliza'tion. ; 


[f. Dentab + -Iry: 


DENTED. 
1861 F. Hatvi 


a Asiatic Sec. Bengal 336 The element 
Srt... was proba ee ye ae —in 
N. ¥. Nation XX. 116/2 The letters d, x, and ¢, where 


lingual, » ise, first dentalized. Dovust 
Crmsn's L$ Pag Fer pe ofde izati —_ 
+ Dentar (de'nta:), a. Obs. rare. [irreg. ad. 


F. dentaire, ad. L. dentari-us : see DENTARY.] = 
DENTAL I. ; ; 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 39 The superior and anterior 
dentar canal. ee 461 The it dent and superior dentar 


+ Dentarie. 0¢s. rare. Anglicized form of 
Bot. L. Dentaria (Toothwort), a genus of cruci- 
ferous plants. 

x xte Dodoens u. v. 153 The other kind [of Dames 
Violets or Gilofloures] is known by the name of Dentarie, 
and is not otherwise known to us. : 

Den (de‘ntari), a. and sé. Zool. and Anat. 
[ad. L. dentari-us (4th c.), f. dens, dent-em tooth: 
see -ARnY. (In F. dentaire, 1700 in Hatzf.)] 

A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or connected with the 
teeth ; dental. Dentary bone: = Dentany sd. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 136 As far as the dentary 
papilla or pulp. Rotteston Anim, Life Introd. 44 
The dentary bone of the Crocodile. 

B. sé. A bone forming part of the lower jaw in 
the classes of Vertebrates below M/ammalia, and 
bearing the teeth when these are present. 

1854 Owen in Cire. Sc. (¢ 1865) II. 67/1 The anterior 
piece .. which supports the teeth, is called the ‘dentary’. 
1880 GunTHER Fishes 54 The largest piece is tooth-bearing, 
and hence termed dentary. 

|| Dentata (dentata). Anat. [L. fem. of den- 
tatus adj. ‘toothed’ (sc. vertebra).] The second 
cervical vertebra, also called ax7s: see AXIS ! 2. 

1727-52 Cuampers Cycé. sv, Vertebre, The vertebra: of 
the neck .. The second is called .. also vertebra dentata. 
1811 Hoorer Dict. 852/1 ‘The second vertebra is called 
dentata. 1847 Youatt /forse ix. 211 The second bone of the 
neck is the dentata, having a process like a tooth, by which 
it forms a joint with the first bone. 1881 Mivart Cat 43. 

Dentate (de'nteit), a. [ad. L. dentat-us, f. dens, 
dent-em tooth: see -ATE? 2.] Having ‘ teeth’ or 
tooth-like projections along the edge; toothed. 
Chiefly in Zool. and Bot.; in Bot. spec. of leaves 
having sharp teeth directed outwards. 

1810 W. Roxsurcu in Asiat, Res. X1. 350 With the 
margin elegantly laciniate-dentate. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. 
Hist. 11. 34 Shell gibbous .. outer lip Seger if dentate. 
1835 Lixpiey /ntrod. Bot. (1848) 1. 271 The leaf is merely 
toothed (dentate. 1 Dana Zooph., (1848) 157 Lamella 
of the cells dentate or denticulate. . 

b. In comb., as dentate-crenate, etc. : see DEN- 
Tato-. Hence Dentately adv. 

1847 in Craic. * p 

Dentated (de'nte'tid), fi. a. 
-ED.] =prec. 

1753 CHampersCycl. Suppl, Dentated Leaf. 1761 GAERTNER 
in Phil. Trans. L11.78 Nor has it a dentated margin. 1835 

ntat 
1865 


[f. as prec. + 


Kinsey Had. & lust. Anim. 1. vi. 204 A beautifully de: 
suture, resembling the dog's tooth of a Gothic arch. 
Lusnock Preh. 7imes 133 Saws... with their edges somewhat 
rudely dentated. . 

Dentation (dentéfon). [n. of condition, f. 
stem of L. denfat-us: see prec. and -aTion. Cf. 
L. /abulatio, f. tabulat-us.] The condition or fact 
of being dentate ; toothing. 

1802 Patey Vat. Theod. xiii, How in particular did it (the 
woodpecker’s bill] get its barb, its dentation ? 1852 Dana 
Crust. \. 253 The same species varies much in the dentation 
of the arm. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 4. 97 Dentation 
relates to mere marginal incision. 

Denta‘to-, combining adverbial form of L. 
dentatus, prefixed to other adjs. in the sense ‘den- 
tately —’, ‘dentate and —’, as dentato-angulate, 
having dentate angles 5 dentato-ciliate, having the 
margin dentate with cilia; den/ato-costate, having 
dentate or toothed ribs; dentato-crenate, crenate 
but approaching dentate ; den/ato-serrate, having 
serrations approaching the character of teeth ; 


| dentato-setaceous, having the margin dentate, with 


sete or bristles; dentato-sinuale, ‘having points 
like teeth on excavated borders’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
“In these combinations dentate is often used, as dentate- 
crenate, «serrate, -sinuate, ec. 

1828 Wenster, Dentato-sinuate. 1846 Dana Zooph, (1848) 
594 Margin .. with d licles. Treas. 
Bot., Dentato-laciniate, when toothings are irregularly ex- 
tended into long points. 

Dent de lion, dentdelyon: see DANDELION. 

Dente, obs. form of Dainty. 


Dented (dentid), Ap’. a. v. + 
-ED ; but afterwards t entified with, and assimi- 
lated in sense to, L. dentatus, F. denté toothed.). 

+1. Bent inward ; ——_ ang — <4 

TT Barth. De P. R. xvi, xcv. (1495) 
teat [of r pened ben dentyd Inwarde cad tom crokyd 
[‘ransfigit aculeo ¢ dente flectitur in se). 1583 STany- 
HURST Aneis 1. (Arb.) 28 His ships hee kenneld .. vnder an 
angle bgt oe’ dee Agee sub ru, yma yal ae 
Four, Beasts (1658) vul yena .. 
fe ridte of his tacks te a little crooked or dented. 

+2. Hollow, nal, Obs, 

Surrey Poems, How no age 
wit ‘skin How it ‘doth shew my dented 


was worn so thin, 


orig. f. DENT v. + 


és content 16, 1 saw =| 
chews, the fles' 


DENTEL. 


3. Having dents or indentations, indented, toothed ; 
+ in Her, =INDENTED (0bs.), 

1552 Hutoet, Dented, crenatus. 1572 BossewEt Armorie 
ut, 30 Ermyne on a ehiefe dented, Giles. 1578 Lyte Lo- 
doens Ul. Vi. 153 His leaves be.. dented or tothed. 1692 
Banister in PAi?, Trans. XVII. 672 There is a small [shell] 
of the Land-kind, with a dented Aperture. 1776 WITHERING 
Brit. Plants (1796) 11. 371 Leaves .. slightly dented at the 
end, 1822 J. Fuint Lett. Amer. 87 The ragged, and dented 
edges of the strata. " 

entel. 47ch. [ad. F. dentelle (formerly -e/e), 
now used in sense of 16th c. dentil/e.] =DENTIL. 

1850 Leircu tr. Miller's Anc, Art § 189. 170 Blending of the 
Ionic dentels with the Doric triglyphs. 1876 Gwitt Aucycl. 
Archit. Gloss., Dentils or Dentels, the small square blocks 
or projections in the bed mouldings of cornices in the Ionic, 
Corinthian, Composite, and occasionally Doric orders. 

Dentelated, dentellated (dentéleitéd), 
ppl. a. [Formed after F. dente/é ‘ toothed, toothic ; 
full of iags resembling little teeth’, Cotgr. (in 
Thierry 1564), f. OF. dentele, mod.F. dentelle, 
dim. of dent tooth.] Having small teeth, inden- 
tations, or notches; finely indented. 

19797 W. Tooke Cath. IT (1798) IIL. xiv. 409 note, Ankar- 
stroem was armed with a dentelated poignard. 1824 Hener 
Frul. (ed. 2) I. xxi. 398 The wall is high, with dentellated 
battlements and lofty towers. 1885 AGNrs M.CLERKE /’o/. 
Hist. Astron. 90 A very fine red band, irregularly dente- 
lated, or as it were crevassed. 

Dentelle (dente, Fr. dantgl).  [a. F. dente//e, 
orig. little tooth, hence lace, a triangular facet, 
etc., in OF. dentele (14th c.), dim. of dent tooth.] 

|| 1. Lace [Fr.]. 

1859 Sata 7'w. round Clock (1861) 40 That delicate border 
of dentelle. 

2. Bookbinding. ‘An ornamental tooling resem- 
bling notching or lace’ (Knight Dict. A/ech.). 

3. attrib. 


J.T. Bent Ruined Cities of Mashonaland iv. 116 , 


I 
Tee ten below begins the dentelle pattern. 

Dentelure (de:ntéliiiex), Zool. rare. [a. I. 
dentelure denticulated border, toothing, f. dentelé 
denticulated: see -uRE. In quot. app. associated 
with chaussure, cotffure, etc.] Set or provision 
of teeth. 

1 Covers Fur Anim, xi. 325 The whole dentelure is 
modified in adaptation to a piscivorous regimen. 

Denter : see Denture. 

Denteuous, var. of DaintEous a. Ods. 

Denti-, combining form of L. dens, dent-em, 
tooth, dent-és teeth. Dentifactor, a machine for 
making artificial teeth. Dentila*bial a., having 
relation to both teeth and lips. Dentilingual c., 
of or formed by teeth and tongue ; also used as sb. 
(sc. consonant, sound, etc.). + Denti-loquent a., 
speaking through the teeth (Blount, 1656); so 
+ Denti‘loquist, ‘one that speaks through the 
teeth’; Dentiloquy, ‘the act or habit of 
speaking through the teeth’ (Ash). + Dentimo-- 
lary a., belonging to the molar teeth or grinders. 
Denti‘parous a., producing teeth. De’ntiphone, 
an instrument for conveying sound to the inner ear 
through the teeth, an AUDIPHONE. 

1875 Wuitney Life Lang, iv. 64 A dentilabial instead of 
a purely labial sound. /é/d. 65 Real dentilinguals pro- 
duced between the tongue and teeth. 1651 Biccs New 
Disp. ® 284 Dentimolary operations. 1849-52 Topp Cyc/. 
Anat. 1V.897/1 The vascular dentiparous membrane which 
lines the alveolar cavities. 

+ Dentiate, v. Ods. [irreg. f. L. dentire.] 

1623 CockeraM, Dentiate, to breed teeth. 

+Dentical, a. Obs. rare. [f. dens, dent- tooth 

4-10 +-AL.] = DENTAL a. 1b. 

1776 ‘Courtney Metmorn’ Pupilof Pleas. 11. 216 A Trea- 
tise on Toothpicking, wherein I show the precise method of 
holding, handling..and replacing the dentical instruments. 

Dernticate, v. rare. [f. late L. denticare to 
move the teeth (Papias) ; cf. It. denticdre to pinch, 
to nible, or brouse with one’s teeth.] To bite or 
crush with the teeth. 

1999 Sporting Mag. XIII. 37 Masticate, denticate, chump, 
grind and swallow. 

Denticete (dentist), a [f. L. dent-em tooth 
+ cét-us whale.] Toothed (as a whale). 

1885 Woop Whale in Longm. Mag. V. 550 The two halves 
of the lower jaw, instead of on closely against 
each other, as in the Denticete whale, are strongly bowed 
outwards, much in the form of a parenthesis (). 


Denticle (de‘ntik’l), st. (a.) [ad. L. denti- 
culus, dim. of dent-em tooth. Cf. DENTICULE.] 

1. A small tooth or tooth-like projection. (In 
quot. 1391, a pointer on the ‘rete’ of the astro- 

¢ 1391 Cuaucer Asfvol. 1. § 23 Thin Almury is cleped the 
denticle of capricorne or elles the kalkuler. 1578 Lyte 
Dodoens 1. xcix. 140 Leaves dented round aboute with small 
denticles. 1761 Gaertner in Phil. Trans. LIL, 81, 5 small 
denticles, that surround a cavity placed in their middle. 
1877 Huxtey Anat. Jnv. Anim. v. 237 hag nap teeth 
.. besides minute accessory denticles. 188z Mivarr in 
Nature No. 615. 337 A sharp tooth, or denticle, at the inner 
side of the base of each claw. 

2. Arch. = DENTIL. ’ 

1674 Biount Glossogr., Denticle..also that part of the 
Chapiter of a Pillar, which is cut and graven like teeth. 


i 


199 


1723 Cuampers tr. Le Clerc's Treat. Archit. 1, 40 The 
distances of the Columns. .are adjusted by a certain number 
of Denticles .. the first Denticle A, and the last B, being 
each cut .. by the.. Axes of the Columns. /é7d. 43 The 
Denticle is that large square Moulding underneath the 
Ovolo. 176x Kirsy Perspect. Architect. 39 From the 
dentals already drawn the others are to be taken, and also 
the denticles. 

+ B. adj. Toothed, denticulated. Ods. 

1574 Even tr. Varsuer’s de Natura. Magnetis Ded., 
Turned or moued with certayne litle denticle wheeles. 

Denticular (dentikis/la1), a. [f. L. denticul- 
us (see prec.) + -AR. Cf. mod.F. denticulaire.] 

1. Resembling, or of the nature of, a small tooth. 

1878 Bett Gegenbauer’s Comp, Anat. 160 Converted into 
a gizzard by the development of denticular processes, 

3. Arch, Characterized by having dentils. 

1842-76 Gwitt Eucycl, Archit. 1. i. 817 The difference 
between the mutular and denticular Doric lies entirely in 
the entablature. my : 

Denticulate (denti-kis/lct), a. [ad. L. denticu- 
lat-us, f. denticul-us; see DENTICLE and -ATR? 2.] 

1, Having small teeth or tooth-like projections ; 
finely toothed. 


1661 Lovett //ist. Anim. § Min. Introd., Of a denticulate 


asperity. 1826 Goon Bk. Nat. (1834) IL. 41 ‘The bill... den- 
ticulate or toothed. 1870 Hooker Strat. / ora 18 Sepals 
denticulate. 


2. Arch. =Denvicutar 2. 8. In coms, 

1856-8 W. CLark Van der Hoeven's Zool. MW. 383 Bill 
subulate..with margins denticulate-serrate. 1872 OLIvEeR 
Elem. Bot. App. 308 Leaves. .denticulate-serrate. 

Hence Denti‘culately a/v., in a denticulate 
manner, with denticulation. 1847 in Craic. 

Often in Bot. and Zool., as denticulately serrated, cilt- 
ated, etc, 

Denticulated (denti‘kisleitéd), Af/. a. [fas 
prec. +-ED.] 1. =prec. 1. 

1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sc? 48 Supposing both wheels to 
be denticulated, the little wheel will with its teeth describe 
lines, 1826 Kirey & Se. Avtomol. (1828) 1V. xxxviii. 49 
With a denticulated margin. 1869 Puirson tr. Gu‘lemin's 
The Sun (1870) 244 The passage of the Sun's rays along the 
denticulated edge of the moon, 

2. Arch. =prec. 2. 

1823 P. Nichotson Pract. Build. 447 They are called 
Dentils ; and the cornices are said to be denticulated. 

Denticulation (denti-kislélfon). [f. L. denti- 
cul-us (see DENTICLE) + -ATION: cf. denfation.] 
The condition of being denticulate or finely toothed; 
usually conc. an instance of this; a series of small 
teeth or tooth-like projections (mostly in /2.). 

1681 Grew Museum (J.), The denticulation of the edges of 
the bill, or those small oblique incisions made for the better 


without denticulations. 1874 Moccripce Ants & Spiders 
Supp. 259 ‘The denticulation of the tarsal claws. .is similar. 

Denticule (dentikivl). Arch. [a. F. denticule 
(1545 in transl. of Vitruvius), ad. L. denticel-as 
little tooth, dim. of dens, dent-em tooth: see -CULE, 
Also used in Latin form.] = Deni b. 

1563 Suute Archit, Cjb, In Corona, ye shal make Denti- 
culos. /éid. Civa, They haue added Echinus, and Den- 
ticuli. 1846 Worcester, Denticule (Arch.), the flat pro- 
jecting part of a cornice, on which dentils are cut. /rancés. 

Dentie, obs. form of Dainty ; esf.in phrase Ay 
Gods dentie, by God’s dignity or honour. 

1564-78 Butteyn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 62 V. Gods 
dentie, Jacke sauce, whence came you? A, How pretely 
you can call verlet and sweare by Gods dentie ! 

+ Dentient (denfiént), a Obs. rare. [ad. L. 
dentient-em ‘ teething’, pr. pple. of dentire to cut 
the teeth.] Teething. 

1651 Biccs New Disf. P 248 An Infant of a year old, who 
is dentient and febrient. 

Dentifactor : see under DENTI-. 

Dentification (dentifike'fon). [f. L. dens, 
dent-em tooth + -FICATION. The cognate verb 
would be dentify. So in mod.F. (Littré.)] Con- 
version into the substance of a tooth, formation of 
dentine, (Cf. oss¢fication.) 

1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 564 A change in form of 
the dental pulp prior to its dentification. 

Dentiform (dentiffim), a. [f. L. type *dent7- 
Jorm-is (used in mod.L.), f. dent-em tooth: see 
-FoRM. So F. dentiforme (Littré).] Of the form 
of a tooth, tooth-shaped, odontoid. 

1708 Motteux Rabelais v. xxi. (1737) 93 Their Dentiform 
Vertebra. 1843 PortLock Geo/. 213 Carbonate of lime .. in 
prismatic, rhomboidal, and dentiform crystals. 

+ Dentiformed, a. Ods. =prec. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 19 The cause of the second 
Vertebres mouyng, and of the dentiformed Processe. 

+ Denti‘fric, a. Ods. rare. =next. 

1760 Lond. Mag. *KXIX. 204 The Dentifrick Elaboratory 
of the celebrated Professor Webb, 

+ Denti‘frical, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. type 
*dentifric-us (cf. DENTIFRICE) +-AL.] Of or per- 
taining to a dentifrice, edi ao ctig % 

1806 R. WinstanLey in Monthly Mag. XXI. 389 As to 
its dentifrical properties. 

+ Dentifricator (dentifrike':toz). Ods. [f. L. 
dent-em tooth + fricator one who tubs, after L. 
dentifricium.| A professional cleanser of teeth. 


DENTINOID, 


c1700 D. G. Harangues of Quack Doctors 13 Doctor, 
Chymist, and Dentrificator. 1752 A. Muxruy Gray’ s-/u2 
Frul. No. 12 The Profession I have taken up..is that of a 
Dentifricator, or what the Vulgar call a Cleaner of ‘I'ceth. 

Dentifrice (de‘ntifris). [a. F. dentifrice (15th 
c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. dentifrictum, f. dent-em tooth 
+fricare to rub.]_ A powder or other preparation 
for rubbing or cleansing the teeth ; a tooth-powder 
or tooth-paste ; also applied to liquid preparations. 

1558 Warpve tr. Alexis Secr. 1. fol. 53 a, Dentifrices or rub- 
bers for the teeth of great perfection, for to make them cleane. 
1594 Prat Fewedll-ho., Dinerse New Exper. 74 Sweet and 
delicate dentifrices or rubbers for the teeth. 1601 HoLtanp 
Pliny Il. 591 Vhe best dentifrices for to cleanse or whiten 
the teeth, be made of the pumish. 1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 
2985/4 An excellent Dentrifice, or Powder, for cleansing 
Teeth, — 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp, 92 Myrrh is also an ex- 
cellent Dentrifice. 1876 Bartuotow Mat. Med. (1879) 323 
Camphor enters into the composition of many dentifrices. 

Dentigerous (dentisdzéras), a. Zool. and 
Anat. f. L. type *dentt-ger tooth-bearing + 
-ous: in mod.F. dentigere.] Bearing teeth. 

1839-47 Topp Cyd. Anat, IIT. 97y/2 ‘Vhe..membrane lining 
the dentigerous cavity. 1847-9 /d7d. IV. 288/1 The teeth 
of the dentigerous Saurian. .reptiles are..simple. 1870 Row- 
LEsStON Anim. Life 6 Vhe jaws are generally dentigerous. 

Dentil (dentil). Arch. Also 7 dentile.  [a. 
obs. I, dentille (16th c. in Littré) ; a fem. deriv. of 
dent; cf. Pr. dentilh masce. :—L. denticulus, dim. of 
dens, dent-em tooth. See also DENTICULE, DENTEL.] 

Kach of the small rectangular blocks, resembling 
a row of tecth, under the bed-moulding of the 
cornice in the Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, and 
sometimes Doric, orders. 

1663 Grernier Counsed 71 The Dentiles at three pence per 
foot. 1783 Ainswortu Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1, Dentles [in 
architecture], dentud?. 1849 Freeman elochit. 113 The 
dentils introduced just under the cornic are a great source 
of richness. — 1 C, ‘Tl. Newton 7 xa vant XXxViil, 307 
A stone forming the angle of a small pediment, with dentils 
coarsely executed, 

+b. “ransf. That member of the entablature in 
which the dentils (when present) are cut. Obs. 

1726 Leoni ellberti’s Archit, HW. gob, An upright cyma- 
tium; and over that’ a plain dentil. 1789 P. Smyist tr. 
Aldrich's Archit. (181%) &y A reglet divided, its parts alter- 
nately omitted, is called a dentil. 

e. altri. 

1754 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 1. 38 Vhat..a 
Parapet Wall be erected, adorned with a Dentil Cornice. 
1812-6 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art 1,180 Under the 
modillions is placed an ovolo, and then a fillet and the dentil 
face, which is often left uncut in exterior work. 1823 P. 
Nicuotson Pract. Build. 474 Vhe dentil-bands should re- 
main uncut. 1865 J. G. Nicnots in //eradd § Geneal. July 
254 The classical dentil moulding. 

Dentilabial: sce under DENTI-. 

Dentilated, ///. a. [Variant of DenTELATED, 
after DentIL.] ‘ Formed like teeth; having tecth.’ 
So Dentilation, ‘the formation of teeth, denti- 
tion’ (Worcester, 1846); denticulation (of a mar- 
gin), perforation of postage stamps. 

1867 Philatelist L, 29 Vhe regulation and perfection of the 
dentilation, 

Dentile (dentil). Conchol 
obs. F. dentil/e.] (See quots.) 

1864 Wesster, Ventile (Conch.), a small tooth like that of 
asaw, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.., Dentite, aterm applied to a 
small sharp tooth-like projection on the border of a shell. 

Dentilingual,-loquent, etc.: seceunder DrENTI-. 

Dentinal (dentinal), @. [f. DENTINE + -AL.] 
Pertaining to or of the nature of dentine. 

1847-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. 1V. 382/2 The calcification of the 
dentinal pulp. 1870 Rotieston Anim, Life Introd. 45 The 
dentinal tissue is free from anchylosis with the alveolus. 

Dentine, dentin (dentin). Anat. [f. L. 
dent-em tooth + -INE.] The hard tissue, resem- 
bling bone but usually denser, which forms the 
chief constituent of the teeth. 

1840-5 OwEN Odontography I. Introd. 3, I propose to call 
the substance which forms the main part ofall teeth ‘dentine’ 
..‘Dentine’ consists of an organized animal basis disposed 
in the form of extremely minute tubes and cells, and of 
earthy particles. 1878 I’. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 565 Well- 
formed dentine is uniformly dense and ivory-like. 

De'nting, 2//. sé. [f. Denv v.+-1NG1.] 

1. The action of the verb DENT, q.v. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. clxii. (1495) 709 After 
many manere castynge, hewynge, dentynge, and planynge. 
1sgt Percivatt Sf. Dict., Abolladura, denting in with 
blowes, beating in, con/usio. : : : 

+2. The result of this action ; an indentation. 

1388 Wycuir Ex. xxvi. 17 Twei dentyngis [1382 rabitis] 
schulen be in the sidis of a table, bi which a table schal 
be ioyned to another table. 

+3. Arch, =DENTIL. Obs. 

1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's Amphith. 367 The great Cornish, 
with Modilions and Dentings. 


De-nting, #//. a. [f. as prec.+-1ne *.]_ That 
dents; +that strikes a blow. 

1575 Appius & Virginia Epil. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 155 
But denting death will cause them all to grant this world 
as vain. 

Dentinoid, z. [f. Dentine+-o1.] Like or 
of the character of dentine. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dentinoid tumour, a dental osteoma 
arising from the crown of the tooth ; socalled from its struc- 
ture being like dentine covered with enamel. 


[var. of Dentin, 


DENTIROSTER. 


Dentiparous, -phone: see under Dentt-. 

Dentiroster. Ornith. rare. [a. F. denti- 
rostre, ad, mod.L. dentirostr-is, f. L. denti- tooth 
+ rostrum beak, of which the pl. Dentirostrés was 
introduced by Cuvier as the name of a family of 
birds.] A member of the Demtivostres or Passerine 
birds having a tooth or notch on each side of the 
upper mandible. By Cuvier applied to an immense 
assemblage of birds having no natural relations ; 
by more recent naturalists restricted to the Turdoid 
or thrush-like Passeres or Jnsessores. 

[1839 Jarpine Brit. Birds II, — first ‘of the great 
tribes into which the insessorial birds are separated, the 
Dentirostres.] 1847 Craic, Dentirosters, Dentirostres. 

Hence Dentiro'stral, Dentiro'strate ad/s., be- 
longing to the Dentirostres ; having a toothed beak. 

1841 Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. 251 The Dentirostral tribe. 
1847 Craic, Dentirostrate. 1876 Amer. Cycl. XV. 727 
A very large family of dentirostral birds. 1883 Syd. Soc. 


Lex., Dentirostrate, having the characters of the Denti- 
rostres. | 

Dentiscalp. [ad. L. dentiscalpium toothpick, 
f. Denti- + sca/p-ére to scrape, scratch.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dentiscalp, an instrument to scrape 
the teeth, a tooth-picker. 1708 W. Kin Cookery iii, Re- 
marks from the ancients concerning dentiscalps, vulgarly 
called tooth-picks. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dentiscalp, 
an instrument for scaling teeth. 

Dentise, -ize,v.: sce 7st of Spurious Words.] 

Dentist (dentist). [ad. F. dentiste, f. L. dent- 
em, ¥, dent, tooth: see -Ist.] One whose pro- 
fession it is to treat diseases of the teeth, extract 
them, insert artificial ones, ete. ; a dental surgeon. 

1759 Edin. Chron.15 Sept. 4 Dentist figures it now in our 
newspapers, and may do well enough for a French puffer ; 
but we fancy Rutter is content with being called a tooth- 
drawer, 1760 Lond. Mag. XXI1X. 204 This distinguished 
Dentist and Dentologist. 1808 Med. Frul. XIX. 192 Mr. 
Moor, Surgeon Dentist to Her Royal Highness the Duchess 
of York. 1855 O. W. Hotmes Poems 149 No! Pay the 
dentist when he leaves A fracture in your jaw. 

Denti'stic, a. [f. prec. + -1¢.] =next. 

In mod. Dicts. 

Denti'stical, @. rare. [f. as prec. +-at.] 
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a dentist. 
1851 H. Mecvitte Whale xlvii. 303 Little boxes of den- 
tistical-looking instruments. 1853 Ly1ron A/y Novel(Rtldg.) 
164 The crocodile .. opens his jaws inoffensively to a faith- 
ful dentistical bird, who volunteers his beak for a toothpick. 

Dentistry (dentistri). [f. as prec. + -ky.] 
The profession or practice of a dentist. 

1838 /ait’s Mag. V. 197 Dentistry, as we find it called, is 
growing into a profession. 1886 Act 49-50 Vict. c. 48 § 26 
Rights .. to practise dentistry or dental surgery in any 
part of Her Majesty's dominions. 

Dentition ((lentijon. 
teething, n. of action from denfire to teeth. 
in mod.F, in Dict. Zrev. 18th c.)] 

1. The production or ‘cutting’ 
teething. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 969 Dentition or the breeding 
of the ‘Teeth begins about the seauenth yeare, sometimes 
sooner, 1666 J. SmitH O/d Age (ed. 2) 140 Dentition and 
Locution are for the most part Contemporaries. 1801 Jed. 
Frnt. V. 567 Latest Theories of difficult Dentition, 1870 
Lowrie Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 365 With many con- 
stitutions it is as purely natural a crisis as dentition, A/od. 
‘The second dentition is to some children as critical a period 
as the first. 

2. The arrangement of the teeth, with regard to 
kind, number, and order, proper to a particular 
animal, or to an animal at a particular age. 


[ad. L. dentition-em 


of the teeth; 


1849 Sk. Nat. /1ist., Mammalia \V. 25 The dentition is | 


as follow :—Incisors, $; molars, q 1855 OweEN Teeth 
285 The dentition of the genus Elephas includes two long 
tusks. 1880 Haucuton P/y’s. Geog. vi. 273 Of all distin- 
guishing characters, the dentition of an animal is one of the 
most important, 

+ Dentity. O¢s. nonce-wd. {f L. dens, dent- 
em tooth +-1Ty.] The age of teething. 

1638 ‘I. Wiitaker Blood of Grape 43 Infancy, Dentity 
and another .. age, and then puberity itselfe. 

Dento-, an incorrect combining form of L. 
dent-em tooth, as in Dento-lingual, etc.: see 
Denti-. Also in Dento'logist, Dento‘logy. 

1760 [see Dentist]. 1835 7'ait's Mag. II. 538 The purely 
ornamental branch of dentology. 

De-ntoid, a. rare. [Bad formation, from L. 
dent-em tooth + Gr. -o«dns, -o1p.] Tooth-like, 
dentiform, ODoNnToID. 1828 Wessrer cites BARTON. 

Dentor, dentour: see Denture !, indenture. 

+ Dentulated, p/. a. Obs. = DENTICULATED. 

1796 STRDMAN Surinam (1813) II, xxiv. 220 Its leaves .. 
dentulated with hard prickles. 

+Denture'. Ods. Also dentor, dentour. 
Aphetic form of INDENTURE. ; 

e400 Beryn 2 3 An entre [pat] as a dentour wriythe. 
1481-90 Homewd ‘ouseh, Bks. (Roxb.) 348 As it perith be 
dentor .. lix. bales of Gene wode. 1 Schole-ho,. Women 
837 in Hazl. #. P. P. 1V. 137 Of you I haue no denture. 

Denture’. vare. Also 7 denter. [f. Dent 
v.+-URE.] Indentation, indent. 

1685 Act 1 Fas. /1, c. 22 (Parish St. James's, Westm.). 
Crossing from the south-west corner of the wall of the said 
house in the said Portugal Street to the middle denter 
thereof. . Proceeding from the said middle denter westwards. 


So > 


200 


1822 Blackw. Mag. X11. 532 Those clear atmospheres .. 
allow every denture of the chisel to be conspicuous. 

Denture * (dentitiz).  [a. F. denture (14-15th 

c. dentetire in Hatzf.), f. dent tooth: see -URE.} 
A set of teeth ; esf. of artificial teeth. 
‘ Kwicut Dict. Alech. 1. 685/2 An instrument for match- 
ing the dentures of upper and lower jaw. 1882 Worcester 
Exhib. Catal. iii. 58 Specimens of dentures in wax, before 
vulcanizing, 1891 Pall Mall G. 21 Aug.s/2 Method of pre- 
venting anterior and lateral movements in artificial dentures 
in edentulous cases. 

Denty, obs. form of Dainty. 

Dentyuous, var. of Darnrgors a. Obs. 

Denucleate, -ed: see Dr- Il. 1. 

Denudate (dini# dt, denivdt), a. [ad. L. 
deniidat-us, pa. pple. of déntidave to DENUDE.] 
Denuded ; naked, bare. 

1866 7 reas. Bot., Denudate, when a surface which has 
once been hairy, downy, etc., becomes naked. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., Denudate, stripped; naked. Applied to plants 
whose flowers have no flower-cup. 

Denudate (de'nisde't, diniide't), v. [f. ppl. 
stem of L. déniiddre, to DENUDE. All the dicts. 
down to Smart 1849, stress denu-date: see note to 
CoNnTEMPLATE.] (vans. To strip naked or bare; = 
DENUDE. 

1627-77 Fectuam Resolves u. xi. 182 Dionysia, a Noble 
Matron, was denudated and barbarously scourged. 16% 
Sik 1. Hersert /rav. 147 Painted .. as be their feet an 
legs, both which are denudated in their dances. 1657 ‘Tom- 
Linson Aenou's Disp, 261 The elder .. is last denudated of 
its leaves. 1 Decay Chr. Piety xix. § 2. 363 Till he have 
thus denudated himself of all these encumbrances, 1816 
Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) I. 218 note, A perfect skeleton 
denudated of every fibril of muscle. 

Hence Denudated f//. a., Denudating vd/. sb. 
and pf/. a. 

1672 Phil. Trans. V11. 5032 In the denudated parts of the 
lobe. 1849 Dana Geol. vil. (1850) 355 The denudating agents 
that could scoop out valleys. 1876 Davis Polaris Exp. 
App. 661 Glacial scratches .. upon denudated surfaces. 

enudation (denivdéifan).  [a. F. dénuda- 
tion, in 14th c. -acton (Hatzf.), ad. L. dénidation- 
em, n, of action from densidare: see prec.] 

1. The action of making naked or bare; a strip- 
ping off of clothing or covering; denuded con- 
dition. 

1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. xv. xxiv. 371 Denudation 
and unction with holie oil. 1714 Manpevitte Kad, Bees 
(1725) I®s59 To be modest, we ought .. to avoid all unfashion- 
able denudations. 1816 Keatince 7vav. (1817) 1. 44 The 
inns .. ina state of denudation of furniture. 1884 A/anch, 
Exam. 10 July 5/3 Ireland, once a land of forests, has suffered 
enormously from the process of denudation, 

+b. fig. The action of laying bare; exposure. 

1593 Nasne Foure Lett. Confut. 62 All this he barely re- 
peates without any disprouement or denudation.  16ar 
Donne Serm, cxviil. V. 74 The Denudation of your Souls 
and your Sins by a humble confession. ae 

e. The action of divesting or depriving. 


1633 ‘I. Avams E.xf. 2 Peter iit. 10 Such a destitution of | 
succour, and denudation ofall refuge. 1644 Br. Haut Devout | 


Sond § 10(U.) Uhere must be a denudation of the mind from 
all those images of our phantasy... that may carry our 
thoughts aside. 1871 Earte PAilol. Eng. Tongue § 579 The 


subjunctive is distinguished from the indicative merely by | 


the denudation of flexion. : 

2. Geol. The laying bare of an underlying rock 
or formation through the wearing away or erosion 
of that which lies above it, by the action of water, 
ice, or other natural agency. 

1811 Farey in PAtl. Trans. 242 (title), Account of the 
great Derbyshire Denudation, 1823 W. BuckxLanp Reéig. 
Diluv, 118 note, This gorge is simply a valley of denudation. 
1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xviii. (1852) Far Sonsidering the 
enormous power of denudation which the sea possesses. 
1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 149 At the present rate of denuda- 
tion, it would require about 5} million years to reduce the 
British Isles to a flat plane at the level of the sea. 

Denudative (d/nivdétiv), a. [f. déniidat-, 
ppl. stem of L. dénidiére to DENUDE: see -1VE.] 

aving the quality of denuding ; causing denuda- 
tion (e.g. of strata). ag 

Mod. The denudative action of water; denudative agencies. 

Denu‘datory, @. rare. [f. ppl. stem dénidat- 
of L. déniidare: see -ORY.]) = DENUDATIVE. 

1845 Newnotn in Yrud. Asiatic Soc, Bengal XIV. 293 This 
continuity .. violated by .. denudatory aq causes, 

Denude (diniid), v. [ad. L. déniida-re to 
make naked, lay bare, f. Dr- I. 3 + s#/dére to make 
naked, nidus naked. (Cf. mod.F. dénuder 1790 in 
Hatzf. The earlier F. verb is dénuer, OF. denuer, 
desnuer.)} 

1. “rans. To make naked or bare; to strip of 
clothing or covering; spec. in Geol. of natural 
agencies: To lay bare (a rock or formation) by 
the removal of that which lies above it. 

1658 Evetyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 88 Some when they alter 
their cases, denude them of all the earth. 169 Ray Crea- 
tton 1. (1704) 120 If you denude a Vine-Branch of its Leaves. 
1845 Darwin Moy. Nat. (1852) 12 That any power... could 
have denuded the granite over so many thousand square 
leagues? 1866 Livincstone ¥rnd. (1873) I. v. 124 The long 
— are nearly denuded of trees. A. R, WALLACE 
Isl. Life vii. 111 Rapidly denuded by rain and rivers. 


2. Le. To strip, divest, deprive (of any possession, 
attribute, etc.), 


DENUNCIANT. 
Doveias 42 neis vin. ix. 65 Nor this burgh of sa mony 
_ lesolat and it. Bevienven Cron. 


citesanis Left d 1 
Scott. (1821) I. 95 To denude him of Romane 


e lady, and 
to adhere to his a oe ee ee a 
Cerem, m1. i. 6 He denudes hi df all right and title, 
which .. he might claime vnto it. 1862 Maurice Mor. & 
Met. Philos. VV. viii. § 53. 492 Denuded of much of his wit 
and cleverness. 1874 J. 5 x Church of Revol. xvii. 
395, Denuding them of political rights, they denied them 


duties. s 
b. intr. (for ref.) To divest oneself. 

1880 Muimneap Gaius Digwst a¢ An heir .. fraudulently 
giving a secret promise to in favour of one to whom 
tru: ift was 2. 28.2 A A, A hi If liable to +4 
bid. 497 The heir denuding did not thereby cease to be heir. 

+3. To lay bare to the mind, disclose, make 
clear. Obs. rare. 

1572 Forrest Theophilus 128 in Anglia VII, Then appro, 
bation the case fae ys hy sf y : 

Hence Denu‘ded, Denu‘ding ///. ad/s. 

1639 in Maidment Sc. Pasguil (1868) 85 Denuding motions 
wer not entertained, 1823 J. Tuomson Lect. /nflam. 467 The 
denuded les were ingly en Murcuison 
Siluria vii. 125 From the denuded valley of Wigmore. 
1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 131 Its power [tropical rain] as a 
denuding agent is almost incredible. 

+ Denu de, //. a. Sc. le for denuded, 
denudit ; cf. devoid.) Denuded, deprived, bereft, 
devoid (of). 

1552 Lynpesay Monarche 5430 Sonne and Mone ar, boith, 
denude Off lycht. 1560 RotLanp Crt. Venus mi. 512 He.. 
was Cenude of his Kingdome. 1570 Satir. Poems Reform. 
xvi. 75 Gylouris of godlynes denude ! 

Denu:dement. rare. [-mMENT.] = Denudation, 
denuded condition. 

1831 Soutney in Q. Rev. XLV. 424 He continued to live 
in privations and denudement. 

+Denwll, v. Oss. [f. De- I. 3 + L. null-us 
none, null: cf. DisNuLL, DisanNnuL.] ¢rvans. To 
reduce to nullity; to annul, make void. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 402 After the deth of Kynge 
Edwarde that banysshement was soone denulled. 1552 
Bury Wills (Camden) 141, I denull, disalow, and sett att 
nothing all former wills and testaments, 

+Denumber, v. O/s. In 4-5 denoumbre. 
[a. F. dénombrer (in Littré and Hatzf. only of 16th 
c.), f. De- 1. 3 + nombrer to number, after dénu- 
merare, erroneous scribal variant of L. dinumerare 
to count out, enumerate, f. di-, Dis- + numerare 
to count.]  ¢vans. To number, count, reckon up. 

1382 Wycur /s. Ixxxix. [xc.] 11 Who knew3 the power of 
thi wrathe; and for thi drede thi wrathe denoumbren ? 

+Denu‘mberment. (ls. [a. F. dénombre- 
ment (1376 in Hatzf.), f. dénombrer to DENUMBER: 
see -MENT.] The act of numbering or reckoning 
up; a reckoning, enumeration. 

1455 Paston Lett. 1. No. 263. 360 For the value and de- 

ment of iiij m! saluz of yerly rent. 1633 J. Done 
Hist. Septuagint 29 He commanded Demetrius. .to deliver 
him the denomberment of the Hebrew Volumes. 1657 North's 
Plutarch, Addit. Lives (1676) 47 By the denumberment of 
the Roman Consuls, we find that he lived long before. 

Denu'merant. Math, [a. L. dénumerant-em 
pr. pple. : see next.] The number expressing how 
many solutions a given system of equations admits 
of. Hence Denumerantive, a. 

1859 SvivesteR Outl. Lect. on Partitions of Numbers 1.2 
I ion and L defined. /é/d. 11. 4 To find 
the denumerant of r+2y+42 = %. Jéid. LIL. 4 Denumer- 
antive function distinguished from d 

+Denu'merate, v. Ols. rare~°. _[f. ppl. 
stem of L. dénumerare: see DENUMBER.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Denumerate, to pay ready money, 
to pay money down, . ‘. 

umeration (d/nis:méré'-fan).  [ad. L. 
de-, dinumeration-em, n. of action from dé-, dinu- 
merare: see prec.) 

+1. A reckoning up, enumeration, Ods. 

1623 Favine Theat. Hon. v1. ix. 152 As it is written in the 
it ion of the C bles. 1651 Lp. Dicny Left. conc, 
Relig. iv. 48 A in their di ion of H : 

b. Reckoning by numbers, arithmetical calcu- 
lation. rare. 


1851 Manse. Prolegom. Logica (1860) 11 smote, Subtraction 
may be demonstrated from Addition .. though it is simpler 
to regard Sut jon as an independent pr of denu- 


meration. 2 

e. Math. The determination of the denumerant 
of an equation, 1859 [see DenumeRanr.] 

+2. (See quots.) Ods. - 

1727 Baiey vol. II, Pomel oa paying down 
of money. 1848 in Wuarton Law Lex. 


|| Denuncia (denwnpia, -sii). [Sp.; =denun- 


ciation; f. denunciar to denounce.) In Mexico 
and Spanish America; The judicial proceedings 


by which a mine, lands, etc., are denounced, and 
the rights issuing from this action are secured ; see 
Denounce v. 8. 
Dens hp [f. L. dénuntiare ( xt) 
Denu'ncia a, [f. e (see ne 
+ -BLE.] That can be denounced, proper to be 
denounced ; see DENOUNCE 2. 8. 
In mod. Dicts. 
_Denunciant (dénensiant, -fiint), @. [ad. L. 
denuntiant-em, pr. pple. of dénuntiare (see next) 
to Denounce.] Denouncing. 


DENUNCIATE, 


3837 CartyLe 7, Rev. (1857) II. 1. v. v. 66 Of all which 
things .. Patriot France is informed: by denunciant friend, 
by triumphant foe. 

[f. ppl. 


Denunciate (d/n nsijc't, -fiel't), v. 
stem of L. dénuntiare, -nunciare to give official 
information, Denounce, f. De- I. 3 + sntiare 
(nunctare) to make known, narrate, report.] ¢rans. 
and zzév. To denounce; to utter denunciation 


against. 
1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 46 Should I not so haue 
r and d ed against thee, thy blood would 
haue bene required at my hands. 1656 BLount Glosscgr., 
Denunciate,to denounce or give warning, to proclaim. 1796 
Bure Regic. Peace i, Wks. VIII. x89 An exigent interest, 
to denunciate this new work. 1865 De Morcan in A thenvum 
No. 1987. 729/1 He only enunciated and denunciated. x 
ure g Rev. XXX. 183 Some rabid Irish Protestant 
lecturer denunciating the Church of Rome. 


Hence Denu'nciating ///. a. 

1847 Lv. G. Bentinck in Croker Papers (1884) III. xxv. 
161 An altar -denunciating priest [in Ireland]. 1893 
Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 15 Sept., Other denunciating ex- 
pressions are employed against the special pension examiners. 


Denunciation (d/nz:nsi,Z!-fan). Also 6 de- 
nunti-, 8 denounci-. [ad. L. déunti-, dénuncia- 
tidn-em, n. of action from adénuntidre to denounce, 
ete. Cf. F. dénonciation (13th c. in Littré), which 
may be the immediate source.] 

+L Official, formal, or public announcement; 
declaration, proclamation. Oés. (exc. in senses in- 


fluenced by 2). 

1548 Act 2-3 Edw. VJ, c. 13 $13 Upon Denunciation and 
Publication thereof [sentence of excommunication] in the .. 
Parish where the Party so excommunicate is dwelling. 1583 
Exec. for Treason (1675) 37 Vinding this kind of denunci- 
tion of War as adefiance. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M7. 1. ii. 
152 She is fast my wife, Saue that we doe the denunciation 
lacke Of oitward: Order. 1649 Br. Hat Cases, Conse. 1v. 
ix. (1654) 366 This publique and reiterated denunciation of 
Bannes before matrimony. 1765 BLACKSTONE Comm. I. 258 
Why .. a denunciation of war ought always to precede the 
actual commencement of hostilities. 1803 Jane PorTer 
Thaddeus i. (1831) 8 Anxious to read in the countenance of 
7, husband the denunciation of our fate. 1859 Sat. Rev. 
VII. 29/1 A denunciation of coming hostilities. : 

2. Announcement of evil, punishment, etc., in the 
manner of a warning or threat. 

1563 Homilies u. Rebellion (1859) 550 With denunciation 
of death if he did transgress and break the said law. 1612 
Brinstey Lud. Lit. xxix. (1627) 292 That severe denunci- 
ation of our Saviour for this undiscreet anger..may humble 
us continually. 1737 Wuiston Yosephus’ Antig. x. vii. § 4 
The prophet .. by the denunciation of miseries, weakened 
the alacrity of the multitude. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 
195 6 Full of malignity and denunciations against a man 
whose name they had never heard. 1856 FroupE //7st, 
Eng. I. 379 But if he still delayed his marriage, it was 
probably neither because he was frightened by her denun- 
ciations nor from alarm at the usual occurrence of an equi- 
noctial storm. 

+3. Sc. Law. The action of denouncing (a person) 
as a rebel, or to the horn. See DENOUNCE z. 4 a. 

1579 Sc. Acts ¥as. VI (1597) § 75 After their denuntiation 
of ony persones to the horne. 1592 /d/d. §- 138 In case onie 
denunciationes of Horninges, sall happen to be made at the 
said mercat Croce of Edinburgh. 1752 J. LoutHian Forn 
of Process (ed. 2) 141 That..ye..relax the said —, 
and —-——— from the Process of Denounciation led against 
them. 186x W. Bett Dict. Law Scotl. 274/2 The conse- 
quences of denunciation, whether on account of civil or 
criminal matters, were formerly highly penal. 

4. Accusation before a public prosecutor; dela- 
tion. 

308 Fraunce Lawiers Log. t. xii. 53, take a presentment 
to bee a meere denuntiation of the jurors themselves, or of 
some other officer without any other information. 1726 
Ayuirre Parergon 210 There are three ways of Proceeding 
in Criminal Causes, viz., by Accusation, Denunciation, and 
Inquisition, ‘ r 

. The action or an act of denouncing as evil; 
public condemnation or inveighing against. 

1842 Mech. Mag. XXXVI. 6 Denunciation on denuncia- 
tion has been fulminated from the press—and yet the com- 
panies have adhered. .to their life-and-limb-destroying prac- 
tices. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 5. 395 A hot denun- 
ciation of the Scottish claim. | 

6. The action of denouncing (z. 7) a treaty, etc. 

1885 Act 48-9 Vict. c. 49 Sched. Art. xvi, If one of the 
Signatory Powers denounce the Convention, such denunci- 
ation shall have effect only as regards that Power. 

Denunciative (d/nvns-, dénwnfijetiv), a. [f. 
L. denuntiat- (see DENUNCIATE) + -IVE.] Given 
to or characterized by denunciation ; denunciatory. 
Hence Denw-nciatively adv. 

@ 1626 W. Sciarer Three Sermons (1629) 21 It’s spoken. . 
Denunciatiuely. 1860 Sat. Rev. X. ea They must be of 
a denunciative turn of mind. 1860 Farrar Language iv. 
(L.), The clamorous, the idle, and the ignorantly denunci- 
ative. . 

Denunciator (dinvns-, dénmnfijelter). In 5 
denonciatour, 6 denounciator, [a. F. dénon- 
ciateur (1408 in Hatzf.), ad. L. dénuntiator-em, 
agent-n. from dénuntidre to denounce.] One who 
denounces or utters denunciations ; a denouncer ; 
in Czv. Law: One who lays an information against 
another, 3a 

1474 Caxton Chessé un. i. (1860) E iij b, His accusers or 
denonciatours. 1563 Foxe A. § M/. 700 a, Concerning 
Wylliam Lattymer and John Hooper, the pretenced de- 
— tl hi matter. 1694 HALLE ¥ersey iv. 104 Two 

OL, . 


201 


Denunciators, or-Under-Sheriffs, 1726 Ayuirre Pareryon 
210 The Denunciator does not inscribe himself, nor make 
himself a Party in Judgment as the Accuser does, 1833 
Lams Elia (1860) 402 The denunciators have been fain to 
per the prophecy. 1885 Sfec/ator 29 Aug. 1125/1 Mr. 

Parnell, the denunciator of evicting landlords. 

Denunciatory (dtnwns-, dénvnfiatori), a. 
[f. L. type *denuntiatori-us, {. dénuntidtor: see 
prec. and -ory.] 

+1. Of or pertaining to official announcement. 

Letter denunciatory: a letter or mandate authorizing 
publication or announcement. Ods. 

1726 AyiirrE Parergon 70 All Beadles and Apparitors .. 
are forbidden .. to denounce or publish any such sentence 
pronounced by Deans and Archdeacons, without the special 
Mandate or Letters Denunciatory of their Masters. 

2. Of or pertaining to denunciation; characterized 
by denouncing, accusing, arraigning, condemning. 

1837 CartyLe #7. Kev. u. v1. viii, Breathless messengers, 
fugitive Swiss, denunciatory Patriots. 1866 Gro. Exior /*. 
Holt 11. xxii. 112 His talk had been pungent and denunci- 
atory. 1866 Mrs. Stowe Lit. /o.ves 81 Housekeepers are 
intolerant, virulently denunciatory concerning any depar- 
tures from. their particular domestic creed. 

Denow'rishment. rave. [Dr- II. 1.] =next. 

1850 Cham, Frnl. XIV. 76 On this hypothesis coffee 
would not nourish, but it would prevent denourishment. 

Denutrition (dsnisstri:fan). [See Dr- I. 6, or 
II. 3.] The opposite to nutrition ; reversal of the 
nutritive process ; in A/ed. treatment by deprivation 
of nourishment. Also attrib. 

1876 BartHotow Jat. Aled. (1879) 31 From these data we 
are enabled to form an estimate of the amount and kind of 
food necessary to maintain life in those cases of disease in 
which it is desirable to apply the method of denutrition. 
Ibid. 45 The hunger or denutrition cure. 

Deny (dinoi-, v. Forms: 4-6 denye, 6-7 
denie, 4- deny ; also 4—5 denoy(e, 4-7 denay(e. 
[a. F. dénter (OF. also deneter, -noter, -neer)=Pr. 
deneyar, denegar, Sp. denegar, It. dinegare:-L. 
déenegare, {. Dre- 1. 3 + negire to say no, refuse, 
deny. In OF. the atonic stem-form was denet-er, 
denot-er (:—denega@'re), the tonic dent-e (:—deniete 
:—dénegat); by carrying each of these through, 
there arose two forms dene?-e7 (denot-er), dent-er, 
whence ME. deney, denay (denoy), and deny. By 
16th c. writers, to whom dexay was more or less of 
an archaism, it was apparently associated with 
nay: cf. the following : 

1802 ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 279 Y" state of cardynal, whiche 
was naied and denayed hym by y® Kyng.] 

I. Tosay ‘no’ toa statement, assertion, doctrine. 

1. To contradict or gainsay (anything stated or 
alleged); to declare to be untrue or untenable, or 
not what it is stated to be. 

a. Const. with séple object (formerly sometimes a ferson). 

c1300 A’. Adis. 3999 Antiochus saide .. ‘Thow hast denied 
thyself here. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 249 Pis was 
certified, & sikere on ilk side. It myght not be denied. ¢ 1374 

Cuaucer Boeth. m1. xii. 81 (Camb. MS.) That may nat he 
denoyed, quod I. ¢1400 Afol. Loll. 40 He liz, pat. .denaip 
pat, & affermib be contrari. 31509 Barctay Shkyp of Folys 
(1570) 27 And woorthy they were, what man_can it denay? 
[x?me betray]. 1548 Hatt Chron. Introd. 2 b, Deniyng fiersly 
al the other new invencions alleged and proponed to his 
charge. ¢1600 Suaks. Sonn. xlvi. 7 But the defendant doth 
that plea deny. 1749 Fietpinc Yom Yones vi. xi, Jones 
could not deny the Mace. 1846 TRENCH MZirac. Introd. 
(1362) 71 Hume does not. .absolutely deny the possibility of 
amiracle. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 207 You may have 
to deny your words, 

Jig. 1634 SiR T. Hersert Trav. 63 The Duke was set at the 
very end crosse-legged like a Taylour, but his fierce aspect 
and bravery denied that title. 

b. Const. with shat and clause, or 0b7. and infin. (after 
Lat.); formerly also with simple infin. Formerly some- 
times with zegative or ut in the clause. 

1340 Hampo.e Pr. Consc. 3572 Men shuld not denye. .Pat 
pe saules of pam pat er dede here Of payn may relesed be. 
€1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. v.49, I denye pat pilke ping be 
good pat anoyeb hym pat hap it. /é/d. 11. x. 88 It may nat 
ben denoyed pat pilke goode ne is. c1g00 Afol. Loll. 44, 
I denoy me not to have seid pis. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 
II. 180 The chefare..noman may denyene, Is not made 
in Braban. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. Il. 772 No man 
denieth..but that your grace..were most necessary about 
your children. 1542 Upat tr. Zrasm. Apophth. 157 b Deny- 
ing the arte of geometrie .. to bee to veraye litle use or 
purpose. 1581 Pertie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 49, 
I denie not but that there have bene amongst us .. manie 
corrupt customes. 1 Puttennam Eng. Poesie ut. xix. 
(Arb.) 218 Then is a picture not denaid, To bea muet Poesie. 
1624 Carr. Smitu Virginia v. 157 Taxing the poore king 
of treason, who denied to the death not to know of any 
such matter. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7¥%av. (1677) 310, I 
cannot deny but it [rice] is a solid grain. 1791 Mrs. Rap- 
curre Rom, Forest x, You can’t deny that your father is 
cruel. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 414, I beg leave to 
deny this to be law. 1871 Mortey Voltaire 14 It is hard 
to deny that St. Bernard was a good man, 

ce. absol. 

1382 Wycur Gen. xviii. 15 Sara denyede, seiynge, I low3 
not. ¢1440 Promp, Parv. 118 Denyyn or naytyn, 7ego, 
denego. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5644 Ilk man for him 
self denyed. 15.. ?Dunsar Freiris of Berwik 383 Scho 
saw it wes no bute for to deny. 

2. Logic. The opposite of affirm; to assert the 
contradictory of (a proposition). 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iii. 68 And [I] grantis, he sayd, 
be antecedens; Bot I deny be consequens, 159 SHaks, 
Two Gent, 1. i. 84 Sp. Nay, that I can deny by a circum. 
stance, Pro. It shall goe hard but ile proue it by another. 


DENY. 


1596 — 1 Hen, JV, u. iv. 544, I deny your Maior. 1660 
3arrow Luclid wu. i. Schol., Let +A be to be multiplied 
into B—C; then because +A is not affirmed of all B, but 
only of a part of it, whereby it exceeds C, therefore AC 
must remain denied. 1725 Watts Logic i. ii. $2 If the 
middle term be denied of either part of the conclusion, it 
may shew that the terms of the conclusion disagree, but it 
can never shew that they agree. 1866 ‘IT’. FowLer Deduct. 
Logic (1869) 110 If we affirm the antecedent, we must affirm 
the consequent, or, if we deny the consequent, we must deny 
the antecedent ; but, if we deny the antecedent or affirm the 
consequent, no conclusion can be drawn. 

3. To refuse to admit the truth of (a doctrine or 
tenet); to reject as untrue or unfounded ; the oppo- 
site of assert or maintain. 

1630 Prynne Axnti-Armin. 137 This were to deny either 
the vniuersality or the equality of originall corruption. 1643 
Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 20 That doctrine of Epicurus, 
that denied the Providence of God, was no Atheism. . Those 
that heretofore denied the Divinity of the Holy Ghost. 
1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 494 To deny the 
Resurrection of Christ. 1733 Berketey 7h. |iston Vind, 
§6 ‘They who deny the Freedom and Immortality of the 
soul in effect deny its being. 1838Srr W. Hamitron Logic 
xxvi. (1866) II. 58 ‘hose who still denied the apparition of 
ghosts. 

b. To refuse to admit the existence of; to reject 
as non-existent or unreal. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. § 1, iii. (1676) 33/1, Many 
deny Witches at all, or (say] if there be any, they can do 
noharm. 1879 Standard 29 Nov. 5'4 ‘The Albanian League, 
so often denied, has again been proved to havea real ex- 
istence, 

II. To say ‘no’ to the claims of. 

4. To refuse to recognize or acknowledge (a 
person or thing) as having a certain character or 
certain claims; to disown, disavow, repudiate, 
renounce. 

©1340 Cursor AL, 20871 (Trin.) Denyinge he [Petur] feh 
wepynge he ros. 1382 Wycuir Lwke xii. 9 Forsoth he that 
schal denye me bifor men, schal be denyed bifore the aungelis 
of God. c1400 Maunpey.( Roxb.) xi. 45 Pare denyed Petre 
oure Lord. 1533 Gau Nicht lay 16 Vhay that de thair 
dettis and wil noth pay thair crediturs. 1583 STANyHURST 
nets u. (Arb.) 46, I wyl not deny my Greecian ofspring. 
1604 Jas. I Counterdl. (Arb.) 100 Why do we not denie God 
and adore the Deuill, asthey doe? 1622 Witner St. Peter's 
Day, For if thy great apostle said He would not thee denie, 
Whom he that very night denayd, On what shall we relie? 
1726 Suetvocke oy. round World (1757) 232 Some of his 
men..happening to be taken separately, he denied them, 
and suffered eight of them to be hanged as pyrates. 1848 
Macautay //ist. Eng. 1.176 He could not deny his own 
hand and seal, 1867 Freeman Nore. Cong. (1876) I. v. 289 
Swegen, the godson of Casar, had denied his faith. 

b. with complemental obj. or phrase. (Often blending 
with 1 b.) 

1888 Suaxs, Z. Z. LZ. iv, iii. 119 Thou for whom Ioue 
would sweare.. And denie himselfe for Ioue. 1595 — John 
1. ii. 251 Hast thou denied thy selfe a Faulconbridge? 1634 
Sir T. Herpert 77az. 123 Letters of Credence signed by 
the King..who..denied them for true. 

III. To say ‘no’ to a request or proposal, or 
to him who makes it; to refuse. 

5. To refuse or withhold (anything asked for, 
claimed or desired) ; to refuse to give or grant. 

€1374 Cuaucer 77oylus 1. 1489 Deiphebus..Come hire to 
preye..To holde hym on }e morwe companye At dyner, 
which she wolde not denye. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. cc. (R.), 
He asked a great summe of money of Seynt Edmundes 
landes, whiche the rulers denayed. ¢ 1590 Martowe /aust. 
(Rtldg.) 98/1 Not to deny The just requests of those that 
wish him well. 1628 Wither Brit. Remembd. 268, 1 will 
denay No more obedience then by law I may. 1697 Drypen 

Virg. Georg. 1. 222 Trees their Forrest-fruit deny’d. 1725 
Pore Odyss. 1. 331 ‘The royal dame his lawless suit deny’d. 
a 1839 Prarp Joes (1864) 11. 161 ‘Thou art very bold to 
take What we must still deny. 

b. Const. (a.) To deny a thing /o a person, or (d.) a per- 
sonathing. ‘The latter connects this with sense 6; but the 
personal object was here originally dative, while there it 
appears to be accusative. In the passive either object may 
be made subject. 

(a.) 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v1. xii. (1495) 196 
Auctoryte of techynge and soueraynte is graunted to men 
and denyed to wymmen. 1809 Barctay Sif of Folys (1874) 
I. 3 To vs may no hauen in Englonde be denayd. 1509 
Fisuer Fun. Serm. Ctess Richmond Wks. (1876) 297 Mete 
and drynke was denyed to none of them. 1610 SHAKs. 
Timon Ww. iii. 537 Giue to dogges What thou denyest to men. 
1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 278 P2 You will not deny your 
Advice to a distressed Damsel. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) 
V. 73 Experience will not allow us to deny a place to art. 

(3) cx Cursor M. 1586 (Fairf.) He wende pat god of 
mi3t walde deny ham heyuen bri3t. 1576 GascoiGNne Philo- 
mene (Arb.) 95 ‘I’o denay His own deare child and sonne in 
lawe ‘The thing that both did pray. 1593 Suaks. 2 ex. V’/, 
1. ili, 107 Then let him be denay'’d the Regent-ship. 1649 
H. Lawrence Some Considerat. 36 No man that considers 
the premises will deny me this, That [etc.]. 1652 NEEDHAM 
tr. Sedden’s Mare Cl. 3 It is unjust to denie Merchants or 
Strangers the benefit of Port, Provisions, Commerce, and 
Navigation. 1814 D’Israrii Quarrels Auth, (1867) 424 All 
the consolations of fame were denied him during his life. 
1863 H. Cox /ustit. 11. vii. 701 Parliament was denied its 
proper control over an important branch of public expendi- 
ture. 

c. fig. (predicated of things.) : 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Evomena 78 Finding no 
armour that..denied entrance to the fine edge of his damask 
blade. 1667 Mitton P. L.1v. 137 A steep wilderness, whose 
hairie sides. .Access deni’d. 1736 Butter Anad. 1. iii. Wks. 


_ 1874 I. 66 The known course of human things. .denies to 


virtue its full scope. 1874 GreEN Short Hist. iii. § 6. 146 
‘Their [the Friars'] vow of poverty..would have denied them 
the possession of books. 96% 


DENY. 


6. To say ‘no’ to, to refuse (a person who makes 
a request or demand); + to reject (a candidate). 

cx1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 1493 For pat durst I not do, lest 
I denayed were. /bid, 1497 3if any were so vilanous bat 
mie denaye wolde. c1g00 Destr. Troy 7097 He denyet 

m anon with a nait wille. ¢ 1440 Gesta Rom. |\xxxv. 405 
(Add. MS.), L may not denye you of that ye aske, 1591 
Greene Maiden’s Dream, The poor were never at their need 
denaid. a1sg2 H. Smirn Serm. (1637) 508 A number that 
will denie a poore body of a pennie. 1676 Woop Li/e (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) II. 338 Richard Healy .. stood for Bachelor of 
Arts and was denied. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. v. 141 In 
his Beauty’s Pride; When Youth and Love are hard to be 
deny'd. 1773 Gotnsm. Stoops to Nag pee This is but 
a shallow pretence to deny me. 1851 NGF. Gold. Leg., 
Village Church, Firmly to deny The tempter, though his 
power is strong. 1858 Hawtuorne Fr. & /t. Fruis. 1. 256 

here everybody begs, everybody, as a general rule, must 
be denied. . 

1. To deny oneself: to withhold from oneself, or 
refrain from, the gratification of desire ; to practise 
self-denial, self-renunciation, or self-abnegation. 

1382 Wycur Matt. xvi. 24 3if eny man wole cume after 
me, denye he hym self, and take his crosse, and sue me. 
c14go tr. De Imitatione 11. xxxvii, 107 Sonne, pou maist 
not haue parfit liberte, but pou denye fiself utterly. 1827 
Keste Chr. ¥., Morning xiv, Room to deny ourselves. 

+ 8. To refuse 40 do (be, or suffer) anything. Obs. 

(Formerly sometimes with negative clause, and elliptically 
with pronominal substitute (7t, which, etc.) for infin). 

ar4goo Pistill of Susan 140 3if pou fis neodes deny. 
c1400 Vivaine & Gaw. 80 Ne for us denyd noght for to 
rise. a145s0 Aut. de la Tour (1868) 85 The king sent vnto 
her onis, tuyes, thries, and she denied not to come. 15§77- 
87 HotinsHep Chron. I. 103/1 They flatlie denied to 
anie of those things. 1596 Suaks 7am. Shr. u. i. 180 If 
she denie to wed. paid May Hist. Parl. 11. iii. 34 The King 
denied to give any other Answer. 1725 BuTLeR Serm, vil. 
(1726) 125 He absolutely denyed to curse Israel. 1781 Craspe 
Poems, Library, Why then denies the studious man to share 
Man's common good. 

absol. 1805 Scotr Last Minstr. u. xxix, And how she 
blushed, an 
denied, And said that she would die a maid. 

+ 9. To refuse permission to, not to allow ; to for- 
bid (¢o do anything, the doing of it). Obs. or arch. 

a 1533 Lo. Berners Huon |xxxiv. 264 [He] herde how 
Gerarde offred to goo. .how he had denyed hym to go. 1588 
Suaks. 7it. A. u. iii. 174 One thing more, ‘That woman- 
hood denies my tongue to tell. 1593 — Xéch. //, 1. ili. 129, 
I am denyde to sue my Liuerie here. 1614 RaveiGu //ist. 
World 1, 176 This place denieth dispute. 1642 Cuas. I Answ. 
Declar. Both Houses 1 July 55 Inforced..to deny a good 
Law, for an ill Preamble. a 1687 Petty Pol. A rith. x. (1691) 
116 The Laws denying Strangers to Purchase. 1715-20 Pore 
Jliad xvi. 463 Patroclus shakes his lance, but fate denies. 
1759 Jounson Rasselas xiv, You may deny me to accompany 
you, but cannot hinder me from following. 

+ 10. To refuse to take or accept. Ods. 

I Spenser F. Q. ut. vii. 57 What were those three, The 
which thy proffred curtesie denayd? 1593 Suaks. Rich. //, 
11. i. 204 If you. .denie his offer’'d homage. 1691 Woop Life 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 362 Dr. Beveridge did lately denie the 
bishoprick of Bath and Wells. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvu. 78 
‘Their false addresses gen’rous he deny'd. : 

1l. +a. To refuse admittance to (a visitor) ; to 
be ‘not at home’ to. (Akin to 6.) Ods. 

1596 Suaks. 1 //en. /V, 1. iv. 544 If you_will deny the 
Sherife, so: if not, let him enter. 1709 Steere 7atler 
No. 89 Pg When he is too well to deny coeeeny and too 
ill to receive them. 1736 Swirt Profosal, etc. Wks, 1824 
VII. 373 At doors where they expect to be denied. 

b. To refuse access to (a person visited) ; 
announce as ‘not at home’. (Akin to 5.) 

1665 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 44, I was at Gasington 
to speake with Mrs. H... but she denied her selfe. = 
Ibid. U1. 317, I inquir'd after him; he denied himself. 
171 STEELE Sfect. Ni 96 ® 8 Denying my Lord to im- 
pertinent suitors and my Lady to unwelcome visitants. 
1777 Sueripan Sch. Scand. v. ii, He is now in the house, 
though the servants are ordered to deny him, 1869 Trottorr 
Ph, Finn (Tauchn. ed.) IIL. 76, 1 had told the servant to 
deny me. 1885 Law Times Kep. LIL. 614/2 When a debtor 
keeps house and denies himself to a creditor. ; 

+ Deny’, 52.1 Ods. Also denay(e. [a. F. dénz, 
OF. desnt ; also denoi, desnoy: from stem of denier 
to Deny, orig. denei-er, denoi-er.] Act of denying. 

1. Denial, contradiction of a statement; negation. 

1535 Jove A fol. Tindale (Arb.) 6 The Saduceis in denying 
the lyfe aftir this, denied by the same denye but only those 


to 


two. 

2. Refusal (of what is asked, offered, etc.). 

1530 Proper Dyaloge (1863) 6 Their chefe lordshippes & 
londes principall .. Unto the clergye they gaue.. Which to 
receiue without excepcion The courteous clergy made no 
denay. 1600 Fatrrax 7asso xvi. xxv.(R.), Of mild denaies, 
of tender scornes, of sweet Repulses. 1601 Suaxs. 7wei. N. 
m1. iv. 127 My loue can giue no place, bide no denay. 6x1 


Syivester Du Bartas u. iv. Schisme (1641) 218/1 Yet use 
no Threats, nor give them flat Denies. _ 1622 RowLanps 


Good Newes 35 ‘The second widow gaue him the denie. 

+ Deny, denye, 50.2 Obs. rare—*. [a. OF. 
deiené, deené, dené, mod.F. doyenné, orig. OF. 
detenet :—L. decdnat-us.] = DEANERY. 

{x292 Britton u. xvii. § 6 Sicum dené ou thresorie ou 
chaunterie.]_ 1340 4 eee. 42 ithe om of holi cherche, ase 
byep bissopric’ es, abbayes, ober denyes [F. deenez]. 

(dinairin), 762. sb. [f. Deny v. +-1NG!,] 
The action of the verb Deny; denial, refusal, 
abnegation. 

c14g0 tr. De Imitatione u. ix, No better remedie pan 
pacience & denyeng of myself in pe wille of god. 1483 Cath. 
Angi. 95 A Deniynge, abdicacio. .abnegacio. .negacio, ¥ 
Lo. Berners /roiss. 1. cci. (cxcvii.] 613 There demaundes 


how she sighed, And, half consenting, half | 


and were ines a debatyng. 1598 Wvrtey 
Armorie 90 He sent me the denaying. 1785 Patey Aor. 
Philos. (1818) 1. 184 There are false is which are not lies. . 
as..a servant's a his master. 1847 Emerson Repr. 
Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 340 Not at all of universal 
aes nor of universal re ing, } Th 

eny ing, ///.a. [-1NG*. at denies. 

1600 I. Biouwr tr. Conestaggio 117 He was accounted 
sparing, giving rather than denying. 4 Morey Com- 
promise (1886) 190 The controversial and denying humour, 

Hence Deny‘ingly adv., in a way that denies or 
refuses. 

1824 Miss Mrtrorp Village Ser. 1. (1863) 51 May shakes 
her graceful head denyingly. Tennyson Vivien 336 
How hard you look and how denyingly ! 

+ Deny'te, v. Os. rare. [app. associated with 
Deny, and Nayre, Nyt, to deny.] = Deny v. 

©1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) 56 Say we haue togethir 
bene, I hope fulle wele he haue me sene, He wille hitte 
neuyr denyte [vimes tite, quite]. 

Deobstru‘ct, v. [f. ppl. stem deodstruct-, of 
mod.L. type *deobstruécre: see DEOBSTRUENT, OB- 
struct. Cf. mod.F. désobstruer (Tissot 1778).] 
trans. To clear of obstruction. 

1653 H. More Antid. Ath. u. vi. (1712) 57 Hypericon. .is 
a singular good Wound-herb, as useful also for de-obstruct- 
ing the pores of the Body. 1647 Jer. Taytor Dissuas. 
Popery Pref., To de-obstruct the passages of necessary truth. 
1732 Axsutunor Rules of Diet 274 Such as carry off the 
Feces and Mucus, deobstruct the Mouths of the Lacteals. 

Hence Deobstru‘cted, Deobstructing ///. 
adjs.; also Deobstru‘ction sb. [F. désobstruction), 
the action of deobstructing ; Deobstru'ctive a. 
lin F. désobstructif), having the quality of deob- 
structing ; deobstruent. 

1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. Ep. Ded. 
obstruction of Encounters. 1698 PAi/. Trans. XX. 432 For 
rendering it more de-obstructive. 1702 Sir J. Fover ibid. 
XXIII. 1169 Both in its discussing quality and deobstruct- 
ing. 1757 Jounstone iéid. L. 548 From the de-obstructed 
duct. 1782 Evruinston Martial ut. xlvii. 153 But, above 
all, the deobstructive beet. 

Deobstruent (dz\g'bstrwént), a. and sé. Med. 
[ad. mod.L. type deobstruent-em (pr. pple. of *de- 
obstrucre), modern f. Deg- I. 6 + obstruére to ob- 
struct. Cf. mod.F. désobstruant (Tissot 1778).] 


2 The de- 


out sepeal ra 
_ Mag. XX1X. 368 The jury Le | a 


A. adj. That removes obstructions by opening 


the natural passages or pores of the body. 

1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 81 A subtile detergent Oil, 
which makes them universally deobstruent and opening. 
1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 65 Valuable on account of its 
aperient, deobstruent, and cooling properties. 

B. sb. A deobstruent medicine or substance. 
a16gt Boyte Wks. V. 118 (R.) A diaphoretic, a deob- 
struent, a diuretic. 1697 Phil. Trans. xIk. 403 They gave 
her also Vomitives and Deobstruents. 1844 T. J. Grauam 
Dom. Med. 14 Asan alterative and deobstruent. .it [calomel] 
is employed. .in indolent inflammation of the liver. 


+ Deobturated, fa. pple. Obs. [De- I. 6.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Deobturated, shut or stopped 
from. Dr, Charl[eton) in his PAysiologia. 

+ Deo‘ccate. Olds. rare—°. [f. L. deoccare to 
harrow in, f. De- I. 1 + occdre to harrow.] 

1623 Cockeram, Deoccate, to harrow, or clod the Land, 

+ Deorcular, a. Obs, [f. L. de- privative (cf. 
De- I. 6, II. 3) + oculus eye, oculdris of the eyes: 
cf. L. déformis shapeless, deprandis without dinner, 
fasting.) Not using the eyes; blind. 

7 Litucow 7rav. 1. 22 It is a deocular error. did. x. 
506 Zetland, and the adjacent Iles there; have found such 
a sting of deoccular government within these few yeares. 

Deo:culate, v. nonce-wd. [f. De- Il. 1 +L. 
ocul-us eye + -ATE3.] trans. To deprive of eyes, 
or of eyesight. 

1816 Lams Let. to Wordsworth, Final Mem, 1, 188 
Dorothy, I hear, has mounted spectacles; so you have de- 
oculated two of your dearest relations in life. 

Deodand (d7odend). [a. AFr. deodande, ad. 
med.(Anglo-)L. deddandum, i.e. Ded dandum that 
is to be given to God.] A thing forfeited or 
to be given to God; sfec. in Eng. Law, a per- 
sonal chattel which, having been the immediate 
occasion of the death of a human being, was given 
to God as an expiatory offering, i.e. forfeited to 
the Crown to be applied to pious uses, e.g. to be 
distributed in alms. (Abolished in 1846.) 

[1292 Brrrron 1, ii. § 14 Volums ausi qe le vessel et quant 4 
leynz serra trové soit prisé cum deodande et enroule par 
Corouner.] 1523 in W. H. Turner Select, Rec. O. 34 
The. .Chauncelor. .shall have deodands. 1529 More — 
ut. Wks. 235/2 The kynges almoygners, to whome 

‘oodes of such men as kyll themselfe be appoynted by the 
awe .. as deodandes to be geuen in 1613 Six H, 
Fincn Law (1636) 214 If a man being a Cart carrying 
Faggots. . fall pa, be the moouing of one of the horses in 
the Cart, and die of it; both that and all the other horses 
in the Cart, and the Cart it selfe, are forfeit. And these are 
called Deodands. 1627 Six R. Bovte Diary (1886) 11. 222 
[A] boat .. being forfeicted to me for a deodant. 1708 
Hickerincitt Priest-cr. 1. (1721) 42 The Sinners did be- 
queath these Estates..to Ecclesiastical Locusts and Cater- 
a calling them Deodands, or given to God, that’s the 

riest-craft Word. 1755 Gentl, Mag. XXV. 232 The 
inquest. . brought in their verdict accidental death by an ox, 
and found the ox a deodand. 1765 Bia Comm. 1. 
302 If a man falls from a boat or ship in. fresh water, and is 

rowned, it hath been said, that the vessel and are in 
strictness of law a deodand. 1827 Gent?. Mag. XCVIL. 1. 
13 Apprehensive that the di ds, if they d 


DEONTOLOGY. 


: ight geen asa ge to — altar. 
TEPHEN IL. gsr. imes Deo- 
denis ote sloo-Gameeals “pei rim 114 
b. /oosely. The amount to be forfeited as the 
value of a deodand. 
1831 ‘TRELAWNY age wy 28 ion I. 58 The ey meer 
ling to me, adeodand ont 7 Mech. 


in thee ted 


the boiler or steam engine the Victoria. 
imposed b: 
honest and indigna’ J 


XXXVI. 6 Deodand after deodand has been 
nt juries. 

|| Deodar (dodau). Also in mod.L, form deo- 
dara (dijoda‘ra). [a. Hindi dé’odar, déwdar:— 
Skr. deva-dara divine tree, tree or timber of the 
gods. (The name occurs already in Avicenna 
¢ 1030 as yy diidér. Wt is given in various 
parts of India to other trees besides this with which 
it has come into Europe.)] 

A sub-species of cedar (Cedrus Libani, var. Deo- 
dara), a large tree closely allied to the cedar of 
Lebanon, found native in the Western Himalayas 
from Nepal to Afghanistan, and now largely grown 
as an ornamental tree in England. The wood is of 
extreme durability. 

[1804 Gotr in Roxb, Flora Indica 111. 652 The only 
account I can give you of the Devdar pine is from. .enquiries 
..made of the natives. 1814 W. Roxsurcu Hort. Bengal 
69 Pinus Deodara. Hindoostani, Deva-daroo. Penny 
Se 1. 34/1 Abies Deodara, the Sacred Indian Fir. The 

indoos call it the Devadara or God-tree, and hold it in 
a sort of veneration.) 1842 P. J. Secsy Brit. Forest Trees 
539 The timber of the deodar employed in buildings. 1871 
Sat. Rev. 29 Apr. 53 A ton of deodar seeds was ordered 
from India, and twelve hundred pounds’ worth of deodar 
plants stuck into a heathy bank. 1 Q. Victoria More 
Leaves 370, | afterwards planted a d on the lawn. 

+ Deodate (diode't), sb. and a. Obs. [ad. L. 
ded datum given to God: in sense 2, taken as = 
a ded datum given by God.] 

A. sb. 1. A thing given to God. 

ax6oo Hooker Eccl. Pol. vu. xxii. § 4 Their Corban .. 
wherein that blessed widows deodate was laid w 

2. A thing given by God, a gift from God. 

a 1633 G. Hersert in Walton Zi/e(1670) 65 All my Tythes 
and Church-dues are a deodate from Thee, O my Cod 

B. adj. Given by God. : 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. 248, I gather'd up the Deo- 

date good Gold. 

dorant (dz,ouddrant), sb. [Formed as if 
from a L. *deoddrant-em, pr. pple. of *deodorare, 
f. oddr-em smell, Opour, on analogy of décolérare : 
see Dr- I. 6. (The long @ is taken over from 
odour: cf. next.)] A substance or preparation that 
destroys the odour of fetid effluvia, etc. ; a deodorizer. 

1 oscor Elem, Chem. 106 Employed as a disinfe 
and deodorant. 

Deodorize (di, déraiz), v. [f. De- I. 1+L. 
odor ODOUR +-1ZE.] trans. To deprive of odour, 
esp. of offensive or noisome odour; to take away 
the (bad) smell of. Also fig. 

1858 Sat. Rev. V. 632/1 To defecate and deodorize the 
sewage of London. 1870 Odserver 13 Nov., Liquid portions 
of the sewage. .when deodorised being allowed to flow away. 

Jig. Pix: 0 Sat. Rev. 203 Sin and wickedness are carefully 
deodorised now-a-days before they can get into print. 

Hence Deo-dorized, Deodorizing ffl. adjs.; 
also Deodoriza‘tion, removal of (bad) smell. 

1856 Engineer 1. 671/3 (Sewage of towns) The deodoris- 
ing system has..achieved a perfect success at Leicester. 
/bid. 672/1 Deodorisation, in its practical sense, does not 
simply mean the emevar at offensive smell, but the purifica- 
tion of the water by the ab ion of all 
¢ 1865 Letuesy in Cire. Sc. 1. 97/1 A bleaching and deodor- 
ising agent. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (x879) 226 The de- 
odori tincture of opium, 1876 Haxcey . Med. x 
The essential ies of chlori d P are 
ing and deodorising. 

‘dorizer. [f. Droponize + -ER.] Some- 
thing that deodorizes; a ee 

1849 J. F. Jounston Exper. Agric. 265 asa fixer of 
ammonia, as a deodoriser or remover of smells. 1892 
Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 2/1 The deodorizer is run through a 
six, pipe to the great sewer. 

Deol, -ful, obs. forms of DoLz, DoLEruL. 

+ Deonerate, v. Ods. [f. L. deonerare to 
disburden, f. Dr- : 6 + onerare to load, onus, oner- 
load.] dans, To disburden, 

1623 Cocxeram, Deonerate, to unload. fg le ht 
Ghost 80 To @ and disburden the body of the 
excrementall part of meat and food. 

(dipntolp'dzikal), a. [f. as 
DEONTOLOGY + -IC + -AL.] Of, pertaining to, or 
according to deontology. d 

a 1832 Bentuam Deontology (1834) I. i. 20 Let,the moralist 
re; the great Deontologi Ww, as as the 
Turnsole looks upon the Sun. 1867 J. H. Srietine tr, 
Schwegler’s Hist. Philos. (ed. 8) 129 ‘The special theory of 
ethical action was completely elaborated by the later Stoics, 


who were thus the 's of all , 
(dzgntglédgist). [f. Dxonro- 


A 


im 
LoG-Y +-1st.] One an ieee : * promolegy. i 
\1. ii. t tes t 
Caaae arn eeiaot fom those of the Deontologist: 
Deon drpntg'lédgi). [f. Gr. déov, Seovr- 
that which is ing, duty (neuter of pr. pple. of 
de? it is binding, it behoves) + -Aoya discourse] 


DEOPERCULATE. 


The science of duty; that branch of knowledge 
which deals with moral obligations; ethics. 

1826 BentHam in West. Rev. VI. 448 Ethics has received 
the more expressive name of Deontology. @ 1832 — Deon- 
tology (1834) I. ii, 28 Deontology or Private Ethics, may be 
considered the science by which happiness is created out of 
motives extra-legislatorial. 1868 GLavstone Juv. Mundi 
vii. (1870) 214 A system which may be called one of deonto- 
logy, or that which ought to be, and to be done. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex. s.v., Medical deontology, the duties and rights of 
medical practitioners. 5 

Deoperculate (dips tkielet), a. Bot. [f. 
De- 1.6 + L. oferculatus, pa. pple. of operculare 
to cover with a lid: see OprrcuLate.] Having 
lost the operculum : see also quots. 

1866 7 reas. Bot., Deoperculate, a term used in describing 
mosses, when the operculum will not separate spontaneously 
from the spore-cases. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deoperculate.. 
Also, without an operculum. 

Deope'rculate, v. Zot. [See prec. and 
-ATE3,| zutv. To shed the operculum. 

Mod. Liverworts with deoperculating capsules. 

+ Deoppilate (d7\p'pileit), v. Aled. Obs. [f. 
De- Il. 1 + Oppmare: in mod. medical L. deoppi- 
lire, {. L. oppilire to stop up.] trans. To free 
from obstruction ; adso/. to remove obstructions. 

1620 VENNER Via Recta vii. 134 It .. deoppilateth or vn- 
stoppeth the veines. 1710 T. FULLER Pharm. Extemp. 214 
For Raisins of the Sun ..deoppilate more than Malaga. 
bid, 421 Aperitives ought to. .deoppilate the Interstices. 

So Deo‘ppilant a., that removes obstructions ; 
Deoppila‘tion, the removal of obstructions ; De- 
o'ppilative a., tending to remove obstructions, de- 
obstruent; sd. a medicine or drug haying this 
quality. 

1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1. ii, 31 Cordiall and deoppilatiue 
medicines. 1646 Sir ‘I. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. xxii. 165 
It becomes effectuall in deopilations. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. 
Compit. vin. 313 An excellent deoppilative. 1712 tr. Pomed’s 
Hist. Drugs I, 162 It is an universal Digestive and Deop- 
pilative. 1854 Mayne Exfos. Lex. 264 Aperient, deob- 
struent, deoppilant; applied to medicines. 1862 Marsu 
Eng. Lang. 89 To produce that salutary deopilation of the 
spleen which the French hold to be so serviceable to the 
health of sedentary gentlemen, 

Deor, obs. form of DEAR, DEER. 

+Deo'rdinate, ¢c. Ods. [ad. med.L. deordi- 
nat-us, f. DE- 1, 6 + ordindtus ordered. A doublet 
of disordinate.] Perverted from the natural order ; 
inordinate. 

1623 T. Aitespury Serz, (1624) 13 The Idolatry consisted 
«in the deordinate intent of the Sacrificers. 1720 WrLToN 
Suffer, Son of God 11. xxiv. 641 The Principles of a Deordin- 
ate and Excessive Self-Love. 

+ Deo'rdinate, v. Ods. [f. med.L. verbal type 
*deordindre: see prec. and -aTE3 5.] trans. To 
pervert from the natural order. 

1688 Norris Theory Love u. ii. 107 A sensual pleasure 
deordinated from the end. .for which it was designed. 

Deordination (d¢)frdinzi-fan). Now vare or 
Obs. [ad. med.L. deordindtion-em (Du Cange), 
n, of action f. verbal type *deordinare (It. disordi- 
nare, OF. desordener) to disorder, f. De- I. 6 + 
ordinare to order, ordin-em order. A doublet of 
disordination.] 

1. Departure from or violation of order, esp. of 
moral order; disorder. 

1596 Bett Surv. Popery ut. ix. 378 The guilte and the 
deordination. 1635 Sispes Soules Conff. xii. § 3. 166 This 
sheweth us what a wonderfull deordination and disorder is 
brought upon mans nature. 1647 Jer. TayLor Déssvas. 
Popery i. (1686) 99 She refuses to run into the same excess 
of riot and de-ordination. 1688 Norris Vheory Love u. ii 
ror A deordination from the end of Nature. 1891 MaNninc 
in Dublin Rev. _ 157 It denotes an abuse, an excess, a 
de-ordination in human society, ie 

2. Departure from ordinary or normal condition, 
as in physical deformity, decomposition, etc. 

1686 Goap Celest. Bodies ut. iti. 472 A Token of the Dis- 
solution, and as it were the Deordination of the Compound. 
{bid. 11. iv. 505 Under these years, the same Deordination 
is found in Animals, Lambs, Hares, Calves. 

Deore, obs. form of DEar a. and adv. 

De-organize, de-orientalize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Deorling, deoreling, early ff. Dar.inc. 

|| Deo-rsum, adv. nonce-use. [L.=downwards.] 
Downward. 

1770 J. CLusse Phy'stognomzy 19 There is the same stupidity 
+ the same deorsum tendency in the one as in the other. 

Deo » Var. DEARWORTH a. Ods. precious. 

t+ Deorsculate, v. Obs. rare—°.  [f. L. de- 
osculari to kiss warmly or affectionately, f. Dr- I. 3 
+ osculiré to kiss.] To kiss affectionately. Hence 
‘++ Deoscula‘tion, kissing. 

1623 CockeRrAm, Deosculate, to kiss sweetly. 1658 Puituirs, 
Deosculation, a kissing with eagernesse. a 1699 STILLINGFL. 
(J.), Acts of worship required to be performed to images, 
viz. processions, genuflections, thurifications, and deoscula- 
tions. 1755 Amory Memoirs 440 note. 1783 AINSWORTH 
Lat, Dict. (Morell) 1, Deosculation, osculatio. 

De-ossify, -fication: see Dr- II. 1. 

Deoxidate (dipkside't), v. Chem. Also 8-9 
deoxy-, [f. De- II. 1+Oxipate v.] “vans. To 
reduce from the state of an oxide, to remove the 
oxygen from (an oxide or other compound) ; 277. 
to undergo -deoxidation. Hence Deo-xidated 


203 


ppl. a.; Deo’xidating Af/. a., causing or suffering 
deoxidation. 

1799 Str H. Davy in Beddoes Contrib. Phys. § Med. Know?. 
73 Phosoxygen is produced, and the metals deoxydated. 
1808 — in Phil. Trans. XCIX. 90 Dark brown matter was 
separated at the deoxydating surface. 180x Hatcuett in 
Phil. Trans. XC1I1. 66 ‘The white oxide..may be deoxidated 
to a certain degree. 1837 R. Bepe Pract. Chem. 10 ‘The 
latter [flame of a blow-pipe] is called oxidating, the former 
deoxidating. 

Deoxidation (dzjpksidéi-fon). [n. of action f. 
prec. vb.] The removal of oxygen from an oxide 
or other compound. 

1799 Sir H. Davy in Beddoes Confrid. Phys. § Med. 


Knowl. 7o It is necessary that the temperature of de-, 


oxydation be greater than that of oxydation, 1801 Wo1- 
Laston in Phil. Trans. XCI. 430 The pile of Volta decom- 
poses water, and produces other effects of oxidation and 
de-oxidation. 1883 G. ALLEN in Nature 8 Mar. 439 ‘The 
function of a leaf is the absorption of carbonic acid from 
the air, and its deoxidation under the influence of sunlight. 

Deo:xidator. [agent-n. f. DEoxipatE v.: see 
-or.] A deoxidating agent or apparatus. 

c 1865 J. Wytpe in Circ. Sc. I. 396/2 he charcoal is em- 
ployed as a deoxidator, 

Deoxidize (dipksidaiz), v. Chem. Also 9 
deoxyd-. [f. Dg- II. 1+ Oxipize.] = Droxipare. 

1794 [see Deoxipizinc below]. 1800 Henry pit. Chen. 
(1808) 50 Its action is. .exerted in de-oxidizing bodies. 1810 
— Elem. Chem, (1826) 1. 533 The silica, also .. is partly de- 
oxidized, 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 357 
Whether disinfectants act by oxidising, or ie deoxidising. 

Hence Deo-xidized ///. a., Deoxidizing f//. a. 
and vé/. sb.; also Deoxidiza‘tion, Deo‘xidize- 
ment, Deo‘xidizer. 

1794 G. Apams Nat. § Exp. Philos. 1. App. 527 The de- 
oxidizing power of the solar rays. 1805 Lane in PAz2. 
Trans, XCV. 282 The deoxic property of light, 1847 


Craic, Deoxrydization, deoxydation. Cc. FarApay 
forces Nat, vi. 200 note, A colourless deoxidised indigo. 
1862 H. Spencer /irst Princ. 1. Vili. $70 Animals, in some 


of their minor processes, are probably de-oxidizers. 1877 
W. ‘Tuomson Voy. Challenger 1. iv. 279 Due to some de- 
oxidizing process. ; ; 

Deoxygenate (dép'ksidgéneit), v. Chem. [f. 
Dr- Il. 1 + OxyGENATE v.] ¢rans. 'To deprive 
of (free) oxygen ; also= DEoXIDATE, D£OXIDIZE. 

1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 150 By deoxygenating the vitriolic 
contained in the Epsom salt. 1804 ‘I’. TRorrer Drunkenness 
iii, 58 Alkohol certainly deoxygenates the blood in some 
degree. 1808 Sir H. Davy in Phil. 7rans. XCVIII. 336 
Potassium may partially de-oxygenate the earths. 

Ilence Deoxygenated f//. a., Deo xygenating 
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Deoxygena‘tion. 

1799 Sir H. Davy in Beddoes Contrib. Phys. §& Med. 
Kuowdl. 86 A deoxygenated atmosphere. 1803 — in Phil. 
Trans. XCIII. 271 ‘The deoxygenation of skin, 1832 Bas- 
BAGE Econ. Manuf, xxiii. (ed. 3) 239 An oxygenating or a 
deoxygenating flame. 1834 Mrs. SomERVILLE Connect. 
Phys. Sc. xxiv. (1849) 224 The most refrangible extremity of 
the spectrum has an oxygenizing power and the other that 
of deoxygenating. 1878 Foster Phys. 1. i, § 2. 210 The 
ordinary deoxygenation of the blood. — 

Deoxygenize (dip'ksidgénaiz), v. Chem. [f. 

1881 Giintuer in Excycl. Brit. X11. 687/r Until the air is 
so much deoxygenized as to render a renewal of it neces- 
sary. . ¥ 

Deozonize, to deprive of ozone: see De- II. 1. 

Dep, obs. f. Deep; (dep.) abbrev. of DEpury. 

+Deparct, f//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dépact-us, pa. 
pple. of dépangére to drive down, fix into the 
ground, etc.] Fixed down, fastened. - 

1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. x1. xx. (1678) 293 If 
the Weapon be so depact and fastned in a Bone that you 
cannot drive it forth on the other side. 

Depaganize, depantheonize: see Dr- II. 1. 

+ Depai'nt, 5. Obs. rare-). [f. Deparnr v.] 
Painting, pictorial representation. 

1594 Zepheria xvii. in Arb. Garner V. 73 How shall I deck 
my Love in love's habiliment And her embellish in a right 
depaint? | 

+ Depai'nt, //. a. Obs. Forms: 3-4 depeint, 
4-5 -peynt, 4-6 -paynt, 6 depaint. [ME. d- 
peint, a. F. depeint, pa. ppl& of depeindre (13th c. 
in Hatzf.), ad. L. dépingére to depict, after F. 
peindre to paint. After the formation of the verb 
(see next) gradually superseded by the normal de- 
painted.| Depicted, painted, delineated; orna- 
mented; coloured: see the verb. Chiefly as 
pa. pple. PRR ene 

a@ 1225 Aucr. R. 96 ‘In manibus meis descripsi te’ [Isa. 
xlix. 16]. Ich habbe, he seid, depeint be in mine honden. 
1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 8739 Ppey shul be leyde yn 
toumbe of stone And hys ymage ful feyre depeynte Ry3t as 
he were a cors seynt. c1za5 £. £. Adit. P. A. 1101, & co- 
ronde wern alle of be same fasoun, Depaynt in perlez & wedez 
qwyte. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, Vuder flowers de- 
peynt of stablenesse. c1g00 Lancelot 1703 Bot cherice 
them with wordis fair depaynt. 1557 Tottedl’s Misc, (Arb.) 
215 Her handes depaint with veines all blew and white. 

+ Depaint (dipént),v. Obs. or arch. Forms: 
4-5 depeint(e, -peynt(e, -paynt(e, 6-7 depaynt 
(6 depant, 7-8 depeint), 6- depaint. [ME. 
depeint-en, f. depeint pa. pple. ; taken as Eng. repr. 
of F. depetndre (3rd sing. pres. 2/ depetnt) : see prec. 
Depeint was connected with Dericr by the transi- 
tional forms DEpriner, depinct.] 


‘De- IL. 1+ OxYGENIZE v.] = DEOXYGENATE. 


DEPANCE. 


1. trans. To represent or portray in colours, to 
paint ; to depict ; to delineate. 

@ 1225, 1303 [see Depaint AP/. a.]. 1325 Coer de L. 2963 
Off red sendel were her baneres, With three gryffouns de- 
payntyd wel. 1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Ant. 649 Pe kny3t com- 
lyche hade In be more half of his schelde hir ymage de- 
paynted, ¢1350 W7ll. Palerne 3573, & bereth in his blasoun 
of a brit hewe A wel huge werwolf wonderli depeinted. 
1440 Gesta Rom, xxxix. 362 (Add. MS.) He did make a 
walle white, and with rede Coloure he depeynted the Image 
of the woman. 1570 B. GoocEe Pop. Aingd. 1. (1880) 10 With 
crosse depainted braue upon his backe and eke his brest. 
1604 T. Wricnt Passions v1. 294 The Geographers. .depaint 
in theyr Cardes..the Countries and Cities adioyning. 1659 
T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 77 Apelles could not depaint 
Motion. 1748 ‘I'nomson Cast, Zrdol. 1. 326 ‘Those pleased 
the most, where, by a cunning hand, Depeinten [Aseado- 
archaic pa. pple.| was the patriarchal age. 

Jig. 1595 Danii Soxunets 4 No colours can depaint my 
sorrows. 1848 J. A. CaryLe tr. Dante's [ferno (1849) 37 
‘The anguish of the people who are here below, on my face 
depaints that pity, which thou takest for fear. 

2. To depict or portray in words; to describe 
graphically, or by comparison. 

1382 Wycuiir 2ible Pref. Ep. iit. 63 A bishop, whom in 
short sermoun he depeynted. 1555 Abr. Parker 2’s. exlii. 
406 My troublouse state I did depaynt. 1664 Marvet 
Corr, Wks. 1872-5 I. 167 ‘There are no words sufficient to 
depaint so real an affection. 1714 Gay Sheph. Week Prol. 
61 Such Ladies fair wou'd I depaint In Roundelay or Son- 
net quaint. 1771-2 Batchelor (1773) II. 13 Her lips you 
may in sort depaint By cherries ripe. 1808 J. Mayne S7dder 
Gun it. 129 Amid the scenes, depainted here, O’ love, and 
war, and social cheer. 

b. Const. out, forth. 

1553 Short Catech. in Liturg. & Doc. Edw. VI (1844) 513 
Canst thou yet further depaint me out that congregation, 
which thou callest a kingdom or commonweal of Christians? 
1578 ‘Timmer Caluine on Gen. 333 ‘Vhe state of the Church 
could not be more lively depainted forth. 1622 J. ReyNoLps 
God's Re vé i. Vi. 42 In their speeches depainting forth 
the ioyes of heaven. . R. tr, Boyatuau's Theat. 
IVordd 11, 147 Depainting them out in lively colours. 

3. To set forth or represent, as a painting or 
picture does. 

1598 Yonc Diana 87 This sumptuous Palace .. that this 
table doth depaint vnto vs. 1607 WALKINGTON Of¢. Glass 
xv. (1664) 152 Vhis temperature must be depainted forth of 
us..according to a kind of exigency. ¢1660 WHARTON Ii 4s. 
(1683) 357 If then success be it which best depaints A glorious 
Cause, ‘Turks are the only Saints. 

4. To paint or decorate with colours or painted 
figures ; sometimes, to paint, colour (a surface). 

¢ 1320 Cast. Love 704 pis Castel is siker and feir abouten, 
And is al depeynted wt-outen Wip preo heowes p* wel bep 
sene. c1q400 Maunpev. (1839) xxvii. 277 Faire chambres 
depeynted all with gold and azure. 14.. Prose Legends in 
Anglia VIII. 151 A cote..depeynted wip alle maner of ver- 
tues & floryshed wip alle the floures of goddes gardens. 
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 1577 Clothes of golde and 
arras were hanged in the hall Depaynted with pyctures. 
1530 PausGr. 512/2, I depaynte, I coloure a thynge with 
colours .. This terme as yet is nat admytted in comen 
spetche. 1605 CAMbDEN Nem. (1637) 129 ‘They were wont to 
depaint themselues with sundry colours. 1706 [see Dr- 
PAINTED]. ; ; 

b. transf. and fig. ‘Vo adorn as with painted 
figures. 

¢ 1325 [see Depaint AAZ. a]. 61374 CHaucer Boeth. i. i. 
111 Pecercle of pe sterres in alle pe places bere as pe shynyng 
ny3t is depeynted. 1382 Wyciir Lez. xi. 30 A stellioun, 
that is a werme depeyntid as with sterris. c1450 Crt. of 
Love xv Depeinted wonderly, With many a thousand daisies, 
rede as rose And white also. 1509 Hawes ast. Pleas. 
(Percy Soc.) 4 A medowe both gaye and glorious, Whiche 
Flora depainted with many a colour, 1598 Yonc Diana 
468 Let now each meade with flowers be depainted, Of 
sundrie colours sweetest odours glowing. 

5. To stain, distain. 

1374 Cuaucer 7'voylus v.1611, I have eke seyn with teris 
al depeynted, Your lettre. 1600 Fairrax 7 asso. xliii. 28 
Few siluer drops her vermile cheekes depaint. 

Hence Depai‘nted ///. a., painted, depicted. 

1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sozv/e 11, xlvi. (1859) 53 Al this erdely 
fyre is but thyng depeynted in regard of that other. 1706 
Maute “ist, Picts in Misc. Scot. 1. 18 By reason of their 
de-painted bodies. 

+Depainter. Ols. [f. Depaint v. + -ER.] 
One who or that which depaints, or paints. 

1513 Douctas Zneis xu. Prol. 261 Welcum depayntar of 
the blomyt medis. ; 

+Depai'r, v. Os. Also depeyre, depeire. 
[a. OF. des-, depeire-r, to despoil, f. des-, dé- (Dz- I. 
6) + -petrer:—L. petordre: cf. APPAIR, Imparr, 
and DispayrE s6.] trans. To impair, injure, 
dilapidate. 

a 1460 Lypcate Lyfe of our Ladye (Caxton) E, 5, c. 1 (R.) 
As the tryed syluer is depeired. xg0r Douctas Pal. Hon. 
u. xxii, Na wretchis word may depair 3our hie name. 1513 
Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 338 The corps hole and sounde 
was funde, verely..Nothyng depaired that ther coude be 
seen. 1568 T. Howett Ard. Amitie (1879) 63 Depaire no 
Church, nor auncient acte, in building be not sloe. 

+ Depa‘lmate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. ppl. stem 
of L. dépalmare, f. De-+ palma palm of the hand.] 
‘To giue one a box on the eare’ (Cockeram 1623). 

+Depa'nce. Obs. rare—'. [a. F. dépens (in 
12th c. despans), ad. L. dispens-um, or F. dépense 
(in 13th c. despanse), ad. L. dispensa: see DISPENSE 
5b.] Payment, disbursement. 

G Paper Roll po ad Rep. Hist, MSS. Commiss. 2ra/t 
Which he complessh 1 withoute other payements of Fy- 
or depance 


‘J 


26* — 2 


DEPARAYLL. 


+Deparay'll, a. 00s. rare. [a. OF. despareil 
different, dissimilar, f. des-=L. Dis- + parez/ like, 
of the same kind =Pr. pare/h, Sp. parejo, It. parec- 
chio:—Rom, *fariculo- dim. of L. par equal.] 
Unlike, dissimilar, diverse. 

1413 Lypc. Pilgr, Sowle 1, x. (1859) 
many dyuerse pilgrymes deparayll of fishes; 

+De iew’, interj.“Obs. [a. OF. phrase de 

x Dieu, by the authority, or in the name, of God.] 

n God’s name ; by God: used as an asseveration. 

c12a90 Beket 1352 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 145 Nov de pardeus 
(MS. Harl. 2277 deperdeus) quath pe pope, doth ase 3e 
habbeth i-pou3t. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7roylus u. 1058 Quod 
Troylus, depardeu, y assente. ¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1452‘ Wel 
depardieux’ quab pe kyng ‘ne schal he no3t gon al-one.’ 
1634 W. Cartwricut Ordinary u.ii. in Hazl. Dodsley X11. 
240 [arch.] Depardieu, You snyb mine old years, sans fail, 
1 wene you bin A jangler and a golierdis. 

+ Depa‘rdon, v. Ols. [f. Dz- + Parpon v.: 
peth. after part, depart.) trans. To excuse, forgive. 

sot Bury Wills (1850) 90, I will that my tenaynts.. 
be depardond of y® half of all ther rents that xall be due on 
to me to the Mychelmesse next after my decesse. 

Deparo‘chialize, v. vonce-wd. [f. Dx- II. 1 

+ PAROCHIALIZE v.] ¢vans. To deprive of paro- 
chial character. Hence Deparo‘chializing wv//. 
sb. and ppl. a.; also Deparochializa‘tion. 

1862 Sat. Rev. XIII. 211/1 We must not think of turning 
an impassable ditch into a passable road, for fear England 
should thereby be ‘deparochialized’. /4id. 211/2 The new 
formula of deparochialization. /did., The ‘deparochializing ’ 
cry will..do equally well for both. 

+ Deparo'chiate, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. De- 
1. 2+. parochia parish + -aTE3; after depatriate.] 
intr. To depart from one’s own parish, 


1762 Foote Orators 1. Wks. 1799 I. 196 The culture of our | 


lands will sustain an infinite injury, if such a number of 
peasants were to deparochiate. 

Depart ((/pa-it), v. Also 3-6 departe, 5-6 
deperte, 6-7 Sc. depairt. (a. pple. 4-5 depart’e, 
6 Sc. depairt. [a. OF. defart-ir (depp-, desp-, 
dip-) = Pr. departir, Sp., Pg. departer, desparter, 
It. di-, dis-partire, spartire, Rom. compound of 
de- or dis- (des-) +partire, for 1. dispfertire to divide, 
f. Dis-+fartire to part, divide. See De- I. 6.) 

I. To divide or part, with its derived senses. 

+1. trans. To divide into parts, dispart. Ods. 
, 1297 R. Grovc. (1724) 394 Hii departede vorst her ost as 
in foure partye. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 27 Pis 
werke I departe and dele in seuene bookes. c 1400 MAUNDEV. 

Roxb.) xi. 43 Pe 3erde of Moyses, with be whilk he departid 

Reed See. c1430 Lypc. J/in. Poems (Percy Soc.) 219 


Departe thy tyme prudently on thre. 1551 Turner Herbal | 


1. (1568) Hiva, Leues .. very deply indentyd, euen to the 
very synewes whiche depart the myde leues. 
+b. zutr. To divide, become divided. Oéds. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 1.63 pe Rede see [#. e. Arabian 
Sea] strecchep forp, and departep in tweie mouthes and sees. 
Pat oon is i-cleped Persicus .. bat oper is i-cleped Arabicus. 
1548-77 Vicary Anat. v. (1888) 37 [The sinews] depart 
agayne into two, and eche goeth into one eye. 

+e. Her. See DEPARTED 2. Obs. 

+ 2. trans. To divide or part among persons, 
etc.; to distribute, partition, deal out; to divide 
with others, or among themselves, to share ; some- 
times (with the notion of division more or less 
lost, as in DEAL v.) to bestow, impart. Ods. 

1340 Hampote /’saéter xxi. 18 Pai departid to baim my 
clathes, 1388 Wycuir Prov. xi. 24 Sum men departen her 
own thingis, and ben maad richere. ¢ 1430 Lyvc. Bochas 1. 
x. (1544) 21a, This Kingdom .. Should haue be departed of 
right betwene us twein. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 76 b/2 Yf 
thou haue but lytyl, yet studye to gyue and to departe therof 
aa ¢ 1530 H. Ruoves BA. Nurture in Babees Bk, (1868) 
103 Be content to departe to a man wylling to learne suche 
thinges as thou knowest. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Yohn xix. 24 
They departed my rayment among them. 1582 N. Licne- 
FIELD tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. /nd. 55 a, He departed with 
him both money and other rewards. x Relig. Wotton. 
22 He could depart his affection between two extremes. 

+b. To deal (blows). Ods. rare, 

©1477 Caxton ¥ason 16b, Whan the k apperceyued 
that Jason departed suche strokes. ie wien 

+e. absol. To share, partake (with a person in 
a thing). Ods, 

¢ 1440 Generydes 3418, I shall..in wurchippe the avaunce, 
And largely departe with the also. 1499 Plumpton Corr. 
137, Lam willing to depart with him in lands & in goods. 
1549 CoverDALE Erasm. Par. 2 Cor. viii. 14 Whyles eche of 
you departeth with other, so that neyther of you lacke 
anye thyng. 

+3. trans. To put asunder, sunder, separate, 


part. Odés. 

1297 R. ome Pes) 466 King Lowis .. And Elianore is 
quene, vor kunrede departed were. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 
Ae? That deth shuld us departe attwo. Mavunpev. 

1839) iii. 16 A gret Hille, that men clepen Olympus, that 

leparteth Macedonye and Trac 's 


hye. cxg00 L 
Cirurg. 265 rte liztli pe toop and pe fleisch of be gomis. 
1483 ye cart la Tour Dj, That ee hath hed man 
may not departe. c1g3o Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 
(1814) 67 There began 1. peat and a sore batayle betwene 
these two knightes. Arthur dyd his payne. .to d 
them. 1 (Mar.) Bk. Com, Prayer, Wiatrs » Till 
death vs departe [adtd. 1662 to do part]. 1601 Downy. Earl 
Huntington u. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley VILL. 134 The world 
shall nat depart us till we die. a Barrow Serm. (1810) 
eee ee eee 
us 


204 


+b. To sever or separate (a thing) from 

(another). i PEE te 
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 3710 Pai er .. 

fratbe body of Criste. cue Lanfrane's Cirurg. 10 It rd 
unpossible to departe po qualitees from bodies. /é6id. 142 
WwW a membre is depertid from pe bodi. 1526 Tinpace 
Rom. viii. 39 To departe [so Cranmer and 1§57 Geneva ; 
Rhem., and 1611 separate) us from Goddes love. 1574 Hy. 
Planting 78 You must translate them, and depart them 
farther from other. 1590 Srenser 7. Q. u. x. 14 Which 
Seuerne now from Logris doth depart. 

+e. To separate in ee agg or thought ; to 

. Obs. 


discern apart, distinguis| 

1380 Wycur Sel. Wks, 11, As pes bree persones of 
GodbenoGod. .so alle dedes and werkes of be Trinite mai not 
be departid from oper. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 248 We. .had 
egally departed his good dedes and his euyl. c¢1510 More 
Picus Wks. 2/2 Straunge tokens .. departing (as it wer) and 
..seuering the cradles of such speciall chyldren fro the com- 
pany of other of the common sorte. ae 

+d. intr. To separate, make separation. Ods, 

1388 Wycur /sa. lix. 2 3oure wickednesses han departid 
bitwixe 30u and 3oure God. 1480 Caxton Deser. Brit. 8 
The Seuarn departed somtyme bitwene Englond and Wales. 

te. Old Chem. To separate a metal from an 
alloy or a solution. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v., Depart farther, and get 
your Silver out of the Aqua Fortis. 1751 Cuampers Cyc?. 
s.v., The water of the first recipient serves for the first opera- 
tion of departing, and the rest for the subsequent ones. 

+4. trans. To sever, break off, dissolve (a con- 
nexion or the like). Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T. 804, I have wel lever ever to 
suffre woo, Than I departe the love bytwix yow tuo. ¢ 1400 
Apol. Loll. 70 Mariage mad in prid & ferd degre .. is so 
confermid pat it mai not be’departid. 1470-85 MALory 
Arthur vi. xxxviii, Ye departed the loue bitwene me and 
my wyf. 15.. Hacker 77eas. of Amadis 274 So sweete and 
so faithfull a conjunction can not be departed without a great 
heart breaking. 1579 Twyne /’hisicke agst. Fortune u. Wii. 
233 b, With staues to depart their nightly conflictes. 

+b. intr. (for ref.) Of a connexion, etc.: To 
be severed, dissolved, or broken off. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce u. 169 Thusgat maid thai thar aquen- 
tance That neuir syne..Departyt quhill thai lyffand war. 
1377 Lanci. P. 72. B. xx. 138 Thanne cam coueityse .. For 
a mantel of menyuere, he made lele matrimonye Departen ar 
deth cam, and deuors shupte. 1523 Lp. Berners ro/ss. 1. 
Ixxxi. 103 Than the bysshoppe sayd, Sirs, than our company 
shall depart. . p 

II. To go apart or away, with its derived senses. 

The perfect tenses (/ntrans.) were formerly formed with 

be: cf. is gone. 

¢ + 5. zutr. To go asunder; to part or separate 
from each other, to take leave of each other. Ods. 

c1ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 121/327 So departede pe court po, 

and euerech to is In drou3. cz R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 
52 In luf pei departed, Hardknout home went. ¢ 1500 
Nut-Brown Maid 33.1 here you saye farwel: nay, nay, we 
departe not soo sone. 1601 Hottann Pliny II. 208 The 
putrifaction of the flesh ready to depart from the bone. 
a 1605 Montcomerte Misc. Poems xxxix. 12 Adeu nou; be 
treu nou, Sen that we must depairt. 1641 Hinve ¥. Bruen 
xlii. 133 So loth wee were to depart asunder, 

6. intr. To go away (from a person or place) ; 
to take one’s leave. (The current sense, but chiefly 
in literary use ; fo depart from =to leave.) 

a 1225 [see Derartinc vb. sb. 4). ©1340 Cursor M, 1189 
(Fairf.) Be pat we fra pe depart [earlier texts aL 
ar Hamvore /salter vi. 8 Departis fra _me all pat 
wirkes wickednes. ¢1477 Caxton Yason 68 He departed 
out of temple and also from Athenes. 1526 TinpALE 
Yohn xvi. 7 Yf 1 departe, 1 will sende him vnto you. 
1547-8 Ordre of Communion 16 Then shall the Prieste.. 
let the people depart. 1697 Dryvven Virg. Georg. m1. 818 
‘The Learned Leaches in Despair i 1841 Lane Arad. 
ve I, 113 She then said to him, Depart, and return not 

ither. : 

b. To set out (on a journey), set forth, start. 
Opp. to arrive. (Now commonly to /eave.) 

c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 52 n the ari bo | 
came, departed well erly from Parys the sayd Guenelon an 
his felawes. 1548 Hatt Chron. 208 b, He entered the ship 
with the other, which were redy to bag. on 1625-6 Purcuas 
Pilgrimes 11. 1081 The Negui was departed. And every 
man hastened to follow after. 1792 Mrs. C. Smrru Desmond, 
III. 61 In case the Duke shoul i apne he directs her 
instantly to set out for Paris. 1817 W. Secwyn Law Nisi 
Prius (ed. 4) 11. 969 If the ship did not from 
Lia peat with convoy, 7Y¥me-table. The train departs 
at 6.30. P 

+c. To go away éo or into (a place); to go 
forth, pass, proceed, make one’s way. Ods. 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 305 To defende pat 
mater schal not departe into al be lyme. 1586 B, Younc 
Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1.227 He had a desire to depart home 
to his lodging. 1611 Bisve Afatt, ii. 12 They departed into 
their owne countrey another way. 

+d. Zodepart one's way; to go one’s way. Obs. 

1535 CoverDaLe 1 Esdras ix. 51 youre waye then, 
& eate the best, & drynke the swetest. 

7. intr. To leave this world, decease, die, pass 


1gor Bury Wills (1850) 85 My body, if it me to de- 
parte wtin vij. myle of gret Berkehamstede, to ther, 
1526 TinpaLe Luke ii. 29 Lorde, now lettest 0d 


39 
1702 J. Locan in Pa. Hist. Soc. 
Mem. X. 94, I went co visit kim the day before be ed. 
1862 Buckie Civilis. Sa Riga iv. 227 When a 
departed from this 


minister 


DEPARTABLE. 


vs t. 1536 in W. H. Turner Sedect. Rec. O. 
138 Nicholas Peg 1 


company. 1548 Ha. Chron. 114 All the W 
commaut ..to depart the toune. 1597 Hooker Ecc/. ol. 
Sere Die Cove Sac: . esgeeon amr aliens 
fe isc. Govt, Eng. 1. lix.(1739) 112 No 
or other may the Realm, without the King’s Licence. 
1712 Appison Sfect. No. 517 § 1 Sir Roger de Coverley 
is dead. He departed this life at his house in the country. 
17% tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) U1. 1. 126 Jugurtha was 
commanded to depart Italy. rep Keicutiey Hist. Eng. 
IL. op ee pe gh ew ordered to depart the kingdom. 
1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. xxxiv, Mrs. J. Gargery had de- 
parted this life on Monday last. 

+9. To send away, dismiss, Ods. 

1484 Caxton Chivalry 73 Charite. a euery vyce. 
c 1500 Chron. Gr. Friers Camden 28 Kynge .. made 
them grete chere and so yd them home agayne. 1614 
Rareicu Hist, World Pref. 17 The abolished parts are 
departed by small degrees. 

+10. intr. To start, spring, come forth, or issue 

Srom; to come of. Obs. 

©1477 Caxton JYason 56b, By theyr countenaunce and 
habylements .. they ben departed from noble and goode 
hous, ¢ — Blanchardyn xiiv. 173 Of churles, Pothe 
man and wyff, can departe noo goode fruyte. yi 

ll: intr. (transf. and fig. from 6.) To withdraw, 
turn aside, diverge, deviate; to desist (/rom a course 
of action, etc.). Zo depart from : to leave, abandon; 
to cease to follow, observe or practise. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 103 The. . Nile. .Departeth fro his 
cours and falleth Into the see Alexandrine. 1535 CoverDALe 
Prov. iii. 7 Feare y’ Lorde and departe from euell. 1590 
Srenser F. Q. m1. ii. 41 Shamefull lustes.. which depart 
From course of nature. 1 Hoses Leviath, ui. xl. 25 
It was not with a design to depart from the worship of fi 
1732 Berketey Alciphr. vu. § 24 They depart from received 
opinions. 1857 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1. App. 673 
The fourth narrative departs in sev impertant points 
from the Chronicles. 1893 Law Jimes XCV. 27/1 Dis- 
inclination. .to depart from the long-establi practice. 

III. +12. Depart with. a. To take leave 
of; to go away from. (Cf. 5, 6.) Obs. rare. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iii. 22 Cursed 
& dampned spyrite, departe than forth with this creature. 
1563 Foxe A. & 4. 763 b, And so departed I with them. 

+b. To part with; to give up, surrender; to 
give away, bestow. (Cf. 2.) Obs. 

¢ 1485 Digby Mys?. (1882) 111. 102 O ye good fathyr of grete 
degre, thus to departe with your ryches. 1595 Suaks. Soin 
u. i. 563 Iohn.. Hath willingly departed with a part. 1642 
Perkins Prof. Bk. i. § 47. 21 Shee hath departed with her 
right by the feoffment. 1792 Cuirman Amer. Law Ref. 
(1871) 41 The officer had a lien on the cattle. On receipt 
= not consider that the officer wholly departs with that 

1en. 

+18. So Depart from, in the same sense (12 b). 

1548 Cranmer Catech. 81 b, Neyther by threatnyng. .cause 
him to depart from any portion of his goodes, 1612 T. 
Taytor Comm. Titus i. 5 With what difficultie depart they 
[stones] from their naturall roughnesse? 1681 Burnet 
Hist. Ref. 11, 88 The inferior clergy departed from their right 
of being in the House of Commons. . 

. Obs. [a. F. départ (13th c. in 


+ De sb. 
artly treated as 


20 That lewd lover di t 
1591 Suaxs. Two Gent. v. iv. 96 At my depart I gaue this 
[ring] vnto Iulia. 1593 — 3 Hen. V1, 1. i. 110, When your 
braue Father breath’d his latest , Tydings .. Were 
brought me of your Losse, and his 1642 H. More, 
Song of Soud u. nu. ut. xxxviii, The depart. 
1724 Ramsay 7a-t. Misc. (1733) 1 For her my 
heart was sair. 1840 Sportsman in Irel. § Scot. Ul. iv. 715 
The salmon having long since made his depart. 

2. Old Chem. The separation of one metal from 
another with which it is eneyne. 
= Bacon.) ome chymists have a liquor called water 


(ed. 2) 79 The Depart, or ing of Metals, is when a Di 
solvent quits the Metal it dissolved to betake itself unto 
another. 1704 J. Harnis Lex. Techn. s.v., A certain Opera- 
tion in Chymistry is called ‘he Depart, because the 

of Silver are mate by it to degun Ren Career zee 
before melted together, 1751 Cuampers Cycel., De, 


rs 


a of or 


of aqua fortis.. .if you again filtrate this water, and pour on 
it the liquor of fixed nitre, you will have another depart, the 
calamine precipitating to the bottom. 


om eae Grace, tear oo 
rhe 13-1 c. in 9 “ar vb. 
4 ers The — in on follows L, analogy : 
ef, L. 7ilis from iri. 

L “that ma ee ; separable. 


be 
Lai D. PL xvit. 26 rinite, Thre 
Stn bt te te And ais Pes 


Ladye 104 Yf eny of them were e from ot er. 
2. That may be, or is to be, divided or distri- 
buted ; divisible. 

soit departable 


(1292 Britton m1. viii. § 4 Qe le ae 
entre les enfauntz. Cath. Angi. 
dinisibilis. 1535 Act — ‘en. VI, apy rare 


DEPARTANCE. 


be departed and departable amonges issues and heires males. 
1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 139 b, The whiche tenementes be 
departable among the brethren. 1741 T. Robinson Gaved- 
kind ii, 26 They ulways been departible. 

+Deparrtal. Ods. rare. [f. Derart v. + -AL, 
after avriva/.] Departure. 

1823 Gat Entail I. xi. 82 When my father took his 
departal to a better world. 1836 —in 7azz’s Mag. III. 
3935 ing of my departal from Glasgow. 

epa‘rtance. Obs. [a. OF. departance, f. 
depart-tr : see -ANCE.] Departure. 

1579 Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees) 15, I will, that after the 
departence of this mortal liff..my bodie be buried. 1g92 
Wyriry Armorie 61, I license craue for this departaunce. 

+Deparrte. In phrase /ay a departe (? error) 
for Jay aparte, lay aside. 

¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn iii. 17 All rewthis layde a 
departe, as well for his fader as for his modre. 

Departed (dépa-stéd), fol. a. [f. Depart v. 
+-ED 1, 

+1. Divided into parts, etc. : see DEPanrt v. 1, 2. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars, 7. 898 (H.) Eyther thay forletin her 
confessours al utterly, or ellis thay departen here schrifte 
in divers places; but sothely such departed schrifte hath no 
mercy of God. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 36, I beqwethe .. 
a doubyl ryng departyd of gold, with a ruby and a turkeys. 

+2. Separated, parted; severed from the main 
body, schismatic, apostate; in //er, separated by 
a dividing line (cf. Party a.). Obs. 

1439 C’ress Warwick in £. EZ. Wills(1883) 117 A Skochen 
of myn Armes departyd with my lordys. cxgrr 1st Eng. 
Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 31/1 These ketters..is departed of 
the holy Romes chyrche. 1633 Eart Mancu. A/ Mondo 
(1636) 14 If wee consider Death aright, It is but a departed 
breath from dead earth. 

3. That has departed or gone away; past, bygone. 

1552 Hutoet, Departed, dissitus, preteritus. 1845 J. 
Saunpers Cabinet Pictures 20 Antiquity and departed 
greatness. 

A. spec. That has departed this life; deceased. 

1§03-4 Act 19 Hen. V//, c. 25 Pream., Lyfe [is] as un- 
certayne to such as survyve as to them now departed. 1599 
B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. v. iv, Shedding funereal 
tears over his departed dog. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 419 
Px Magicians, Demons, and departed Spirits, 1863 Faw- 
cetr Pot. Econ. m1. ii. 311 The works of a departed artist. 

b. In this sense often used absolutely, the departed 
(sing. and pi.) ; cf. deceased. 

1722 WotLaston Relig. Nat. ix. 208 The seats and circum: 
stances of the departed. 1794 Mrs. Rapcurre J/yst. 
Udolpho ii, A prayer for the soul of the departed. 1875 
Mannie Misston H. Ghost ix. 249 ‘The Catholic Church. . 
cherishes with loving memory all her departed. 1887 Bowen 
Aineid v1, 220 The departed is placed on the funeral bed. 

Departer ! (d/pa-itor).  [f Derarr v.+-ER!: 
probably a. OF. departeur (nom. case orig. de- 
partere, obj. departeor), f. départir to DEPART.] 

+1. A divider, distributor ; discerner. Ods. 

1382 Wyciir Luke xii. 14 A! man, who ordeynede me 
domesman, ether departer, on 30u? — Hedy. iv. 12 The 
word of God is..departer or demer of thou3tis and inten- 
ciouns of hertis. c1q00 Afol. Loll. 61 He is not ordeind 
juge ne departar vp on men. 

2. Old Chem, One who separates a metal from 
an alloy; a refiner of gold or silver. Cf. Parver. 

1656 Biount Glossogr. s.v. Finour, Finours of Gold and 
Silver .. A[ct] 4 Hfen.] 7. ca. 2. hey be also called 
Parters in the same place ; sometimies Departers. 

3. One who separates or secedes from a body or 
cause ; a seceder. (Now merged in sense 4.) 

1586 Ferne Blas. Gentrie 311 A departer from his Cap- 
taynes Banner, 1820 Examiner No. 652. 644/1 Lady 
Charlotte Lindsay, another of the departers, 1860 Pusey 
Min. Proph. 6x They are all departers, i.e. .. before the 
were cast out visibly in the y, they departed in mind. 

4. One who departs or goes away. 

1673 O. Waker Lducation 223 The Patron leaveth the 
rest and accompanieth the departer. 1705 Col. Rec. Penn- 
sylv. 11. 23 An Act about Departers out of this Province. 
1747 Franxin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 13 The hurry and dis- 
order of departers, carrying away their effects. 

+ Depa‘rter?. Zaw. Obs. [subst. use of AF. 
departer (Britton ut. iv. 25) = OF. departir pres. 
inf. to depart, ee tg | = DEPARTURE 6, 

1628 Coxe On Litt. 139 a, A departer in despight of the 
Court .. when the Tenant or Defendant after appearance. . 
makes departure in despight of the Court .. It is called 
avetraxit, 1751 CHAMBERS Cycl., Departure or Departer, 
in law, a term properly applied to a person, who first plead- 
ing one thing in bar of an action, and that being replied to, 
he waves it, and insists on something different. 

Departible, var. form of DEPARTABLE a. Ods. 

Departing, vé/. sd. [f. Depart v. + -ING!.] 
The action of the verb Depart, in various senses. 

+1. Division (in various senses); distribution, 
sharing. Obs. 

@1340 Hampote Psalter cxxxv. 13 He departyd pe redd 
see in departynges. ¢1380 Wyctir Wks. (1880) 81 In de- 
partyng of meritis to whom pat hem likib. 1382 — 1 Cor. 
xii. 6 Departingis of worchingis. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De 
P. R. xv. xlvi. (1495) Dalmacia is a prouynce of Grece 
by olde departynge of londe. ¢1449 Pecock KRepr. 407 
In summe cuntreis the di ing was mad other wise and 
into iij parties. c1450 Merlin 236 Ech man toke at his 
wille of that hym liked, and made noon other departynge. 
ees Eneis vi. Prol, go The sted of fell turmentis, 

ith seir departingis. 1399 Haxtuyr Voy. II. 1. 93 In de- 
parting of the bootie. 


+ 2. Separation. Ods. or arch. 


¢ 1300 K. Adis. 912 And makith mony departyng Bytweone ; 


knyght and his swetyng. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 895 (Fairf.) Fra 


} 
| 
| 
| 
| 


205 


pis day sal departynge be for-sop betwix wommon and be. 
¢x400 Afol. Loll. 72 Be ware of making of mariagis, & of 
diuorsis or departingis. _ 1530 Patscr. 213/1 Departynge 
of man and wyfe, repudiation, diuorse. 1593 SHAKS. 3 
Hen, VI, 1. vi. 43 A deadly grone like life and deaths de- 
parting. 1832-5 M. Arnotp Poems, Kaded Leaves, At this 
bitter departing. 

+b. concr. Place of separation ; division, boun- 
dary. Obs. 

1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 5 And pat erpely watir wole first 
come out pat is in pe necke, and so til it be come out ynto 
pe departinge bitwixe it and be quinte essence. 

3. The action of leaving, taking one’s leave or 
going away; departure. (In early use ‘leaving 
cach other, separation’, as in 2. Now vare or 
Obs.; replaced by DEPARTURE.) 

1228 Ancr. R. 250 Pis was his driwerie pet he bileauede 
and 3ef ham in his departunge. 1340 Hampote Pr. Covsc. 
6113 Pe day of departyng fra God away. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER 
Man of Law’s T. 162 The day is come of hire departyng. 
1481-90 //oward Househ. Bhs. (Roxb.) 186 At my Lordes 
departynge from London. ¢ 1500 7hree Aings Sons 73 Athis, 
my frende, the tyme is come now of oure departyng. 1644 
Mitton Yudgm. Bucer (1851) 335 Not .. the mis-beleeving 
of him who departs, but the departing of him who mis- 
beleevs. 

+b. =DeEpartuRE 2b; decease, death. Ods. 

1388 Wyciir 2 7’. iv. 6 The tyme of my departyng is 
ny3. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 486 How King Donald 
was crownit .. and of his worthie Deidis .. and his Depart- 
ing. 1633 Br. Haut Jledit. §& Vows, Passing Bel (1851) 87 
It calls us .. to our preparation, for our own departing. 

attrib. a 1618 Ravin Rem, (1664) 114 If you were laid 
upon your departing bed. 

+e. fix. Departure from a given state or course ; 
falling away; secession, desertion, apostasy. 

1526 TInDALE 2 7/ess. ii. 3 Except there come a depart- 
ynge fyrst. 1594 1. B. La Primand. Fr, Acad. 11. 563 The 
departing and declining of the soule. 

+4. Departing with: parting with, giving up. 

1529 Worsey in Ellis Oty. Lett. Ser. 1. Il. 11 Of the 
frankke departyng with of all that I had in thys world. 

Departing, ///. a. [f. Devarr v. + -ING”.] 
That departs, goes away, or takes leave ; parting ; 
Jig. vanishing (often with reference to sense b). 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 187 ® 3 She stood awhile to 
gaze upon the departing vessel. 1855 Macautay Hist, Eng. 
III. 57 The opposite streams of entering and departing 
courtiers. 1875 Jowetr Péafo (ed, 2) III. 155 Reflecting 
the departing glory of Hellas. 18.. THrinc Hymn ‘The 
Radiant morn’, Vhe shadows of departing day. 

b. Dying. 

1603 Knottes /fist, Turks (1638) 331 It is the only sacrifice 
that my old departing ghost desireth of thee, 1633 Br, Hatt 
Meait. §& Vows, Passing-bell (1851) 87 It calls us .. to our 
prayers, for the departing soul. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng. 
II. 183 While the prayer for the departing was read at his 
bedside. : 

+ Departingly, adv. Obs. rare. [f. prec. + 
-LY 2.) Ina divided manner ; separately. 

1388 Wyciir Na. x. 7 Symple cry of trumpis schal be, 
and thei schulen not soune departyngli [1382 not stownd- 
meel; Vulg. zon concise ululabunt). 

it het petat | vol. sb. Sc. Obs. [? from a 
vb. departise (cf. OF. departissement, departisseur), 
or ? corruption of departison.] Partition. 

1478 Act. Audit, 86 (Jam.)'The said breve of depertising of 
the said half landis of Blith. 1480 Act. Dom. Conc. 66 (ibid.) 
The divisioune & departising made. .the xx day of Julij. 

+ Depa‘rtison. Ods. In 5 -ysoun, -own, -on, 
-isonne ; also 5-6 departson. [a. OF. defartison, 
f. départer, after partison :—L. partition-em, n. of 
action from Zartire to divide.] Earlier form of 
DEPARTITION. 

1. Division into parts; distribution, partition. 

1444 Pol. Poenrs (Rolls) II. 217 Make a departysoun Of 
ther tresours to folk in indigence. ¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 
4176, And taken hire half his kyngdome be twypart de- 
partisonne, 

2. Separation. 

c1440 Lypc. Secrees 29 Thou must first Conceyven .. un- 
kouth divysion, Watir from Eyr by a dysseuerance, And 
ffyr from Eyr by a departyson. 

. Departure ; ¢ransf. decease. 

¢ 1450 Loneticu Grail xliii. 423 Aftyr here deth and de- 
partysown. ¢1475 Partenay 104 At ther departson had 
thay gret dolour. 

+ Departition (dépaiti‘fon). Oss. Also 5 
-ycyon, -isyon, 6 -ysion, -icion, [n. of action 
f. Depart v., on L. analogies: cf. L. fartitio, 
dispertitio, f. partire, dispertire. ‘The earlier form, 
from OF.,-was Departison, of which this may be 
considered an adaptation to the Latin type.] 

1. Distribution, partition ; = prec. 1. 

2cexg30 in Pol. Red. & L. Poems (1866) 33 Peraventure thei 
seke departysion of ther heritage, 

2. Separation ; severance. 

€1400 Test. Love mt. (1560) 294/1 The same law that 
joyneth by wedlocke .. yeveth libel of departicion bycause 
of devorse. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy ut. xxv, Now, hast thou 
made a departisyon Of vs that were by hole affection Yknyt 
in one. 1470-85 MaLory Arthur xu. vii, Hit shall greue 
me ryghte sore the departycyon of this felauship. 

3. Departure. 

14 Matory Arthur 1x. xxxvi, Ye putte vpon me that 
I shold ben cause of his departycyon. 

Departitor (dipaitoi'tg1). rare. [Agent-n. 
from Depart v. with L. suffix: cf. L. partitor, 
dispertitor.] One who divides or distributes. 


DEPARTMENTAL. 


ame J. Payne toor Nights 1X. 138, I called in a depar- 
titor from the Cadi's Court and he divided amongst us the 
money. 

Departizanize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Department (d/paitmént), sd. Also 5 de- 
partement. [ME. a. F. département (12th ec. in 
Hatzf.) = Pr. departe-, departiment, lt. diparte- 
mento, a Romanic deriv. of departire, ¥. départir: 
see DEPART v, and -MENT. 

The senses in I from OF. were apparently obsolete before 
those in II were introduced from modern French.) 

+I. The action of departing. Ods. 

+1. = DEPARTURE, in various senses: @. separa- 
tion; b. going away, leave-taking, withdrawal ; 
ec. decease. 

c1450 A/irour Saluacioun 1890 Yt we come to thi joys 
with out departement. c1477 Caxton Fasox 65 Alas Jason 
.. prolonge ye and tarye your departement. ¢ 1500 J/elusine 
97 UVhanne he toke leue of them and they were sorowfull of 
theire departement. 1572 Lament. Lady Scotland in Se. 
Poems 16th C. IL. 250 Befoir her last department. 1586 
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 87 By meanes whereof grew 
this..unkinde department betweene us. 1624 Wotton 
Archit, (1672) 61 Our Sight is not well contented with those 
sudden departments from one extream to another. a 1677 
Barrow Is, (1686) II. 382 The seperation, department and 
absence of the soul from the body. 

+ 2. Division, partition, distribution. Ods. 

1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles v.18 Making the distributions 
and departments of his rayes, 

II. 3. ‘Separate allotment; province or busi- 
ness assigned to a particular person’ (J.); hence in 
wider application: A separate division or part of a 
complex whole or organized system, esf. of activi- 
ties or studies ; a branch, province. 

{Johnson, 1755, calls it ‘a French term’.] . 

@1738 ArpuTunot (J.), ‘The Roman fleets... had their 
several stations and departments. 1764 Footr Pa/ronu u. 
Wks. 1799 I. 349 The highest pitch of perfection in every 
department of writing but one—the dramatic. 1832 G. 
Downes Lett, Cont. Countries 1, 528 Among the professors 
.. Messrs. Gautier and Picot, whose departments are severally 
astronomy and history. 1856 Six B. Broptr /’sychod. [ng. 
I. v. 173 Hitherto .. little progress has been made in this 
department of knowledge. 1883 Nature 17 May 56 To judge 
.. Whether the co-operation of scientific men would have ren- 
dered the English department more instructive than it is. 

b. spec. One of the separate divisions or branches 
of state or municipal administration. 

In the U.S. the word is used in the titles of the great 
branches of administration, of which there are eight, the 
Departments (Depts.) of State (orig. Foreign Affairs), 
War, Treasury, Navy, Post-office, Fustice, Interior, and 
Agriculture. Vhe Deft. of Labour is subordinate to that 
of the Interior. 

In Great Britain, the great departments of State are not so 
named titularly, but the word is used in naming subdivisions 
or branches of these, e.g. the Factory Deft., and Prisons 
Deft. of the Home Office, and for certain other branches of 
administration as the Paymaster General's Dept., Sctence 
and Art Dept., Exchequer and Audit Deft., etc.; also in 
the Gas, Water, Electric Lighting, Tramways, and other 
Departments of a municipal Corporation, . 

1769 Funius Lett. i. 3 Only mark how the principal de- 
partments of the State are bestowed, 1791 WasHINGTON 
Writ. (1892) XII. 81 Statements from the proper depart- 
ment [of the United States] will .. apprize you of the exact 
result. - 1863 H. Cox /nstit. Pref. 7 A general account of 
the British Government, of the powers and practice of its 
several departments. /6¢d. 1. vii. 696 The regulation of 
other departments subordinate to the Treasury. 1890 M. 
Townsenn U. S. 274 The Department of State was esta- 
blished by Act of Congress July 27, 1789, which act deno- 
minated it as the Department of Foreign Affairs. 1892 A. 
B. Hart For. of Union 144 In establishing the Treasury 
Department a strong effort was made to create a Secretary 
of the Treasury as an agent of Congress. 

4. One of the districts into which France is divided 
for administrative purposes, and which were sub- 
stituted for the old provinces in 1790. Also ap- 
plied to administrative divisions in some other 


countries. 

1792 Explan. New Terms in Ann. Reg. p. xv, Depart. 
ments, the general divisions of France. 1793 Odyections to 
War Examined 15 Its States broken up and converted into 
French Departments. 1841 W. SratpinG /taly § It, Is. 
III. 383 Corsica ..is still a province of that kingdom 
[France]. It forms a department, called by its own name. 
tine Jeruson Brittany xvi. 253 Situated on the confluence 
of the Ile and the Vilaine, from whence the modern depart- 
ment derives its name. : 

b. A part, portion, section, region. rare. 

1832 Hr. Martineau Demerara i. 2 In the richest regions 
of this department of the globe. 

Department, v. xonce-wd. ([f. prec. sb.] 
trans. To divide into departments, or branches. 

1885 Miss Brapvon Wyllard’s Weird II. 261 Everything 
was to be classified, departmented. Organisation was to be 


the leading note. 
fas. mod. 


artmental (dzpaitme'ntal), a. 
F. départemental : see prec. sb. and -AL. 
1. Of or pertaining to a French Department. 
179t Macxintosu Vind. Gallice Wks. 1846 III. 111 The 
series of three elections was still preserved for the choice of 
Departmental Administrators. 1862 Fraser’s Mag. July 
128 The municipal and departmental archives and public 
libraries in France. . 
b. gen. Of or pertaining to a particular district 
or region. 
1883 E. Copp in Knowledge 15 June 352/2 Indra .. god 
of the bright sky .. a departmental or tribal deity. 


DEPARTURE. 


2. Of or pertaining to a department or branch of 
government, or of any organized system. 

1832 Sourney in Q. Rev. XLVIILI. 256 It has found an 
active auxiliary in the departmental process. 1854 77mes, 
Let. War Correspt. 31 Mar., Needless departmental eti- 
— 1883 American V\1. 65 The new Commissioner of 

nternal Revenue in his first departmental report to the 
Secretary of the Treasury. 

Hence Departme:ntally adv.; also “n- 
talism, attachment to departmental methods ; 
Departme‘ntalize v., to divide into departments ; 
Departme:ntaliza'tion. 

1846 R. Forp Gatherings /r. Spain 31 It was found to be 
no anry eater to carry departmentalization. 1878 /raser’s 
Mag. XVIII. 636 We have.. been, ences speaking, 
in the Jura, though departmentally in the Doubs. 1886 
Pall Mall G. 1 Jan, 4/1 The .. crippling diseases of official 
red tape and departmentalism. 

Departson, var. Derartison, Ods., departure. 

Departure (d/pautitiz). [a. OF. *departeiire, 
despartetire:—late L. type *dispartitiira, t. dispar- 
tire, F. départ-ir to DEPART : see -URE.] 

+1. Separation, severance, parting. Ods. 

@ 1533 Lv. Berners //von clxii. 631, I shall make a depar- 
ture of your two loues. 1§§9 Scot in Strype dun, Ref. IL. 
App. vii. 17 The departure of Gascoygne. 1581 LamBarDE 
Etren, 1. vii. (1588) 201 Controversies, betweene masters and 
servants, touching their departure. 1643 Mitton Divorce 
viii. (1851) 40 Much more can no other remedie or retire- 
ment be found but absolute departure. 

+b. concr. A boundary separating two regions ; 
a separation, division. Ods. 

1523 Lp. Berners /'7o/ss. I. cccxxiv. 505 By the ryuer of 
Aude, the whiche was the departure of bothe realmes. 

te. Old Chem, Separation of a metal from an 
alloy or a solution. Ods. 

1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Depart, If the aqua fortis, 
having quitted the silver, and being united with the copper, 
be then filtrated, it is called agua secunda; in which if you 
steep an iron plate some hours, you will have another de- 
parture ; for the menstruum will let go the copper, and prey 
on the iron, 

+d. Departure with; parting with, giving up. 
(Cf. DEPARTING vb/. sb. 4.) 

1563 G. Cavenvisu IH o/sey (1893) 177 A bare and symple 
a with another’s right. 

. The action of departing or going away. 

@ 1833 Lv. Berners //von |xxxv. 268 After his departure 
Kynge Charlemayn made redy his company. 16rz Suaks. 
Wint. T. 1. ii. 78 You knew of his departure, as you know 
What you haue vnderta’ne to doe in’s psa 1667 Mitton 
P. L. x1. 303 Departure from this happy place. 1875 Jowettr 
Plato \ed, 2) 1. 375 The hour of departure has arrived. 

b. The action of departing this life; decease, 
death. Ods, or arch. 

I Bury Wills (1850) 150 All theise .. things to him 
before bequeathed to be delyvered to him... wtin a quarter 
of one yeare after my departure. 1611 Bist 2 Zim. iv. 6 
‘The time of my departure is at hand. 1752 Jonson 
Rambler No. 203 ? 7 Vhe loss of our friends. .impresses.. 
upon us the necessity of our own departure. 1821 Map. 
D'’Arsiay Lett. Nov., 1 had thought him dead, having 
heard. .a report that asserted his departure. 

3. transf. and fig. Withdrawal, divergence, de- 
viation (from a path, course, standard, ete. ). 

@ 1694 TitLotson (J.), The fear of the Lord, and departure 
from evil. 1705 C. Pursnaci Mech. Macrocosm 122 Their 
asa Departure North, and South, are sometimes Greater, and 
sometimes Less, than that of the Sun. 1782 Priestiey 
Corgupt. Chr 1. Pref. 15, | have not..taken notice, of every 
departure from the original standard. 1832 Examiner 261/2 
Every departure from truth is a blemish. 1875 Maine ///st. 
Inst. ii. 52 Partial and local departures from the Brehon 
Law were common all over Ancient Ireland. 

_4. The action of setting out or starting on a 
journey ; sfec. the starting of a railway train from 
a station. Also a/trib, (Opposed to arrival.) 

1540 Stat. 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 [They] intende to make .. 
their departur from the said porte ..as soone as wynde and 
wether wyl serue. Haktuyt Voy, 1. 421 (R.) At their 
departure was shot off all the ordinance of the ship. 1776 
Gispon Decé. & F. i. (1838) I. 17 Whenever the trumpet gave 
the signal of departure, 1871 Mortey lo/taire (1886) 101 
The period of twenty years between Voltaire’s departure 
from England and his departure for Berlin. 1887 W. E. 
Norris Major § Minor 11,138 Miss Huntley was standin 
on the departure side of the little Kingscliff station. A/od. 
The Booking Office is open 15 minutes before the departure 
of each train. 

5. fig. The starting or setting out on a course of 
action or thought. Mew departure: a fresh start ; 
the beginning of a new course of procedure ; cf. 7 b. 

1839 CaLnoun Ws. (1874) IIL. 399 My aim is fixed, to 
take a fresh start, a new departure on the States Rights 
Republican tack. 1876 Giapstone //omeric Synchr. 9 To 
begin by stating my point of copes, 1883 Cuacmers & 
Hovcu Bankruptcy Act Introd.g The present Act makes a 
fresh departure in bankruptcy legislation. 

6. Law. a. A deviation in pleading from the 
ground taken by the same Wess in an antecedent 
plea. +b. Departure in despite of the court: see 
quot. 1641 (obs.). 

1548 Act 2-3 Edw. VJ, c. 2 § 6 The Justices .. shall .. de- 
termine. .the said Offences concerning every such Departure. 
1628 Coke On Litt. b, A departure in pleading is said 
to be when the second Plea ineth matter not p 
to his former. 1641 Termes de la Ley 110b, Departure 
from a plee or matter. /d/d., Departure in despight of the 
Court, is when the Tenant or Defendant appeareth to the 
action brought against him, &. .is called after. .in the same 
term, if he do not appeare, but make default, it is a depar- 


206 
pono of the Court, and therefore he shall be con- 


demned, 

7. Navigation, a. The distance (reckoned in 
nautical miles) by which a ship in sailing oa 
or moves east or west from a given meridian ; 
change of longitude. (Abbreviated dep.) b. The 
bearing of an object on the coast, taken at the 
commencement of a voyage, from which the dead 
reckoning begins. 

1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. bk. 1. 158 Retain the ob- 
served Difference of Latitude .. and thereby find the 
Departure from the Meridian. 1699 Hacxe Coll. Voy. 
I. 42 Next day we took a new Departure from thence 
[Isle of Ascension], 1820 J. H. Moore Pract. Navigator 
52 Easting or westing, in Plane Sailing, is called ture 
or Meridian Distance. /did. 66 Suppose a 3 takes her 
departure from the Lizard. 1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 414 The 
number of miles in the course multiplied by the sine of the 
angle which it makes with the meridian gives the departure 
in miles. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 270 When clear of the 
harbor. .a bearing is taken of one known object and the dis- 
tance estimated. .the result..is entered in the log-book with 
ned reas time. This is called the departure (i, e. from the 
land). 

Hence (once-wds.) Depa'rturism, Depa‘rturist, 
in the expressions new departurism, new depar- 
turtst, the principle, or the advocate, of a ‘new 
departure’ in any movement or course of action. 

1887 J. E. Dwinett Side Lights 10/2 The argument for 
the presence of New Departurism, 1887 G. W. Vepitz in 
Amer, Annals of Deaf July 163, I did not mean him, but 
only the new departurists, Osler, Arnold, 

Depascent (d/px'sént), a. rare. [ad. L. 
dépascéent-em, pr. pple. of dépascére, dépasct, to eat 
down, consume, waste.] Consuming. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. P 295 By the vigour of the di- 
gestible, esurine, and depascent ferment. 1727 Baivey vol. 
II, Depascent, feeding greedily. 1755 in Tomwnon. 1822 
Goon Stud. Med. (1834) 11. pay ee int Yaws—Depascent; 
and destroying progressively both muscle and bone. 

Depass (d/pa's), v. rare. [a. F. défasser, in 
OF. desp-, f. dé-, des- (see Dis-) + passer to Pass.] 
+a. zur. To go, pass away, depart. Ods. b. trans. 
To pass beyond. 

1559 in Burgh Rec. Peebles 5 May (Jam. Supp.), The 
sojarris..to depas incontinent of the toune. 1886 Blackw. 
Mag. CXL. 505 Having depassed the height of 1800 metres 
.-above which fir-trees do not thrive. : 

+ Depa‘stion. Os. rare. [ad. L. dépastion-em 
eating down, feeding of cattle, n. of action from L. 
dépascére : see DEPASCENT.] Consumption. 

1658 Br. Reynotps Lord's Supper xvii, A wasting Wepas- 
tion and decay of Nature. /6/d. xviii, That continual 
depastion of his radical moysture by vital heat. 

+ Depa:stor. Ods. nonce-wd. [agent-noun from 
L. dépascére (see DEPASCENT), after pastor.) One 
who feeds upon, eats away, or consumes. 

1583 Stuppes Anat. Abus, 1. (1882) 91 The wicked liues 
of their pastors (or rather depastors). bid. 95 No more is 
he a good pastor or minister, but rather a depastor and 
minisher. 

Depasturage (d/pa'stiiirédz). [f. DepasTurE 
v. + -AGE.] a. The eating down of pasture by 
grazing animals. b. Right of pasture. 

1765 Projects in Aun. Reg. 144/1 The plants were all ina 
condition for depasturage. 1 Burn Eccl. Law (ed. 6) 
IIL. 477 The value or usual price of the depasturage of such 
beasts per week upon such eddish or after-grass. 1807 VAN- 
couver Agric. Devon (1813) 218 The inhabitants .. have the 
right of a free depasturage for their sheep upon the moor. 
1875 J. Fisher Landholding in Eng., The profit which arose 
from sheep-farming led to the depasturage of the land. 

Depasture (d/pa'stiiiz), v. [f. De- I. 1 + 
Pasture v.; cf., for sense, OF. depaistre (Cotgr. 
desp-), ad. L. dépascére to eat down, consume.] 

1. ¢rans. Of cattle: To consume the produce of 
(land) by grazing upon it; to use for pasturage. 

1596 Srenser State /re/. Wks. (Globe ed.) 630/1 To keepe 
theyr cattell. .pasturing upon the mountayn. .and removing 
still to fresh land, as a A have depastured the former. 
«1796 Vancouver in A. Young £ss, Agric. (1813) 11. 284 
‘The sheep and cow cattle, with which the primest of the 
grass lands through the county are generally depastured. 
1799 J. Ronertson Agric, Perth 303 cows are fed in 
summer on cut clover, without allowing them to depasture 
it. nage maabe —_ Ge 06s) 47 vu. viet Clayey 
country, dirty-greenish, as if depastu rt geese. 

transf, § fig. r6r0 G. FLercuer Christ's Vien, Nor 
Hibla, though his thyme depastured, As fast againe with 
honie blossomed. 1864 Sat, Rev. XVIII. 381/1 If Austria 
is forced to depasture the land with hordes of soldiery. 

2. intr. To graze. 

1586 Wills §& Inv. N. C. 1. Surtees (1860) 131. My cattell 
shall remayne and depasture, uppon wy es. .as they 
are at this instante. 1628 Coxe On Litt, 96a, ‘To sheere 
all the sheep depasturing within the manor. 1785 PaLey 
Mor. Philos, (1818) 1. 114 Whilst his flocks depastured upon 
a neigh ing hill. x rn. R. Agric, Soc. 1, m1. 263 
Over this vast open field..no cattle can yy 
Wie 1600 Fairrax 7asso xu. Ixxix. 250 The bait and food, 

hereon his strange disease depastred long. 

3. trans. To 
feed (cattle). a a 

1713 Dernam Phys. Theol. v. i. uring their 
Cattel in the Desarts and sncunbeaied World. 1809 Vert. 
Hist. in Ann, Reg. 799/2 The country on which the sheep 
are a . «1s set out into divisions, 1844 WILLIAMS 
rojo pene (18: 

at 


put (cattle) to graze ; to pasture or 


77) 324 A right of depasturing cattle on the 
Sig. 1859 I. Tavtor Logic in Theol. 240 The human spirit 


DEPAUPERIZE., 


. -depasturing itself in the fat levels of the Greek literature. 
3g Atex. Stra Stony. Skye Ll 147 We could pleasantly 


the 
“T Of land: To furnish pasturege to 


ge to sagt 
1805 Luccock Nat. Wool 196 This part of county .. 
now... depastures flocks in whose frame and fleece are visible 


some mptoms of a more fashionable breed. 1844 
Port Phillip CAustral.) Patriot 22 July 3/6 The run will de- 
pasture about 4000 

Hence Depa‘stured ///. a.; Depa'sturing 70/. 
sb. and ppl. a.; also Depa‘sturable a., capable of 
= ; Depastura‘tion, Depasture s/., 

uring. : 

Phe. bear prec Walks Forest v. (1796) 85 The bare worn 

, and °C age plain. 1807 Vancouver Agric. 
Devon (1813) 282 The depasturable parts of the forest. 1823 
Surtees Durham L111. 239 note, were of so much im- 
portance that..the depasturing of bees was one article of a 
solemn concordat between two religious houses. 1841 Frnd/. 
R. Agric. Soc. 11, u. 216 It [the winter tare] is sometimes 
resorted to for depasturation in the spring. 1846 J. Baxter 
Libr, Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 380 Mowing and depasturing 
are modes of cropping, comprehended in the term manage- 
ment of meadows. 1856 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. XVUI1. 1. 282 
If you watch cows on depasture, you observe them select 
their own food. 1858 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. 11, vu. iii. 183 
This is memorable ground. . little as the idle tourists think, 
or the depasturing geese, who happen to be there. 2 

+ Depa‘triate, v. Ods. [f. De- 1. 2+L. patria 
fatherland: cf. med.L. dispatriare in same sense.] 
intr. To leave or renounce one’s native country ; 
to expatriate oneself. 

a 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Chances Wks. (1714) 154 
If they should hear so odious a thing of us, as that we 
should depatriate. a@1797 Mason Dean § Squire (R.), 
A subject born in any state May, if he please, depatriate. 

- Depau'per, v. Obs. [a. OF .depauferer, ad. 
L. dépauperare: see next.] = DEPAUPERATE 2. 

1562 Win3eE1 Cert. Tractates Wks. 1888 I. 8 The depau- 
pering the tennentis be 3our fewis, augmentationis and 
utheris exactionis. 1571 Sc. Acts Fas. V/ (1814) 69 Jam.) 
Ye haue..dep eit the inhabitantis of the toun. 


P 


Depau'perate, //. a. Also 5-6 -at. [ad. 
L. déepauperat-us, pa. pple. of dé see 


st ag : 
next.] Made poor; impoverished (ods. in general 
use); b. Bot., etc. = DEPAUPERATED. 
| — Carcrave Chron. 103 Alle tho that were depauperat 
and spoiled be his predecessoure. @1§72 Knox Hist. Ref. 
Wks. 1846 I. 404 The depauperat saullis that this day dwell 
thairin. 1670 Lex Valionis 26 \t loses much of its vivacity, 
and becomes depauperate and affect. 1863 A. Gray Let?. 
(1893) 508 Inclosed are depauperate specimens [of the seeds]. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Depauperate, impoveri 3 as if 
starved ; diminished in size for want of favourable condi- 
tions of nourishment, and such like. Also. .having no, or 


poverish ; to reduce in quality, vigour, or ca} y- 

1623 Cockeram, Defauferate, to impouerish. im 
Taytor Dissuas. Popery u. u. § 7 To represent a 
carved stone, or a painted Table, does depau our 
understanding of God. 1668 Phil. Trans. L11. 891 The 
blood is now .. depauperated of the tuous: finer 
particles. 1708 Motyneux id. XXVI. 59 Liming .. doth 
not so much Depauperate the Ground. Carte Hist, 


Eng. 11. 728 Bishops..had made shameful depredations 
on She carck and on uperated many of the sees, 1886 
Ch. Times 5 Nov. 173/2 By dep ing t! ional creed. 
Hence Depau‘perating vé/. sd. and ffl. a. 
1770 Noe 2A, 20 In this depauperating and attenu- 


ating course jek aa f =] 
u'perated, ale prec. + -ED, 
Rendered poor, impoverished ; reduced or deterio- 


rated in quality, vigour, capacity, etc. 


1666 J. Smrru Old Age (1752)95 The best blood itself. . be- 
comes weak much depauperated. 1756 C. Lucas Zss. 
be feeg IL, 261 A .: _ — — rs 

the juices, 1870 LARKE in Macm. » Nov. 4 
; ble, sickly, and the dasmpuitel be 
weeded out in the stru; for existence. 188: Huxtey in 
Nature XXII, 611 fish is left in that lean and de- 
pauperated state. 


b. Zot., etc. Stunted or degenerate from want 
ofnutriment; starved; imperfectly developed from 
any cause that produces results analogous to in- 
nutrition. 

1830 Linptey Vat. Syst. Bot. 275 Flowers hermaphrodi 


surrounded by bractex, the outer of which are pe 
phn I a me The rocks of Sivecs present only 
a pm ear edi ea | fauna, 

Depa tion (dipp:peré - . [ad.med.L. 
dépauperation-em, n. of action f. iperare to 
impoverish : see DEPAUPERATE, or 


condition of bres J depay ; im ishment. 
1664 Baxter in Life § Times 1. (1696) 106, I fell into 
another fit of Bleeding, which .. after my former 


ation, did en me much. Carte Hist. ate 
320 Getting the great seal put to Linask chanterh, $0 the Go- 
—— of the Crown. LinpLEY ag Syst. 4 
owers , or in racemes, ;, 
p Pedant d pe of the upper leaves. bid. 


233 A singular depauperation of the calyx .. in which that 


organ is reduced sometimes to a a2), 7 of ie :: 
Depauperize wpéraiz), v. . De- Lt 
+ pauperize, after t : See prec.] = 


DEPAUPERATE, PAUPERIZE. 


DE-PAUPERIZE. 


1873 Huxtey Crit. § Addr. 206 This immense fauna of 
— Arctogza is shrunk and depauperized in North 

sia. y 

Hence Depauperiza‘tion, depauperation, pau- 
perization. . 

1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch, (1858) 1. vi. 218 heading, 
Depauperization of thé Church. 1877 H. Woopwarp in 
Encycl, Brit. V1. 656/1 After such extreme retrogression, 
the depauperization of certain parts and organs... in the 
Anomoura is easily to be understood and admitted. 

De-pauperize (d/po'pérsiz), v2 [f. De- II. 1 
+ pauperize.| trans. To raise or free from pauper- 
ism; to DISPAUPERIZE. 

1863 W. B. Jerrotp Signals of Distress 303 The boys in 
this union will never be depauperized ; they have to mix 
with the men, most of whom are gaol-birds. 1883 19// Cent. 


May The neglected children..must be depauperised 
before they can received into good and respectable 
homes. 


+ Depe,?. Ovs. [OE. (Anglian) défan = OF ris. 
dépa, OS. déipian (MDu. dépen, Du. doopen, LG. 
dopen, whence Sc. dépa, Da. dobe), OHG. toufen, 
touffan (:—toufjan, MHG. toufen, toufen, Ger. 
taufen), Goth. daupjan, ‘to baptize’; in MHG., 
MDnu. (and Goth. z/idaupjan) with the wider sense 
‘to immerse, to dip’; OTeut. *dawfjan causal of 
*deupan, daup, dupan- to be deep, *derfoz, Goth. 
diups, deep. But in ME. this verb ran together 
with the cognate defe, Deep, OE. d/epan, dypan, 
to make deep, to submerge. ] 

1. To immerse as a religious rite, to baptize. 

c960 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iii. 11 Ic eowic depu ved dyppe 
weettre. /did. 13 paette he were depid. /did. 14 Ic sceal 
fram pe beon ved wesa deped ved fullwihted. c 1315 Suore- 
HAM 11 Olepi me mot hym depe ine the water. 1340 A yend. 
x07 Vor depe and cristni is al on. : 

. To immerse, submerge, plunge deeply, dip. 


See also DEEP v. 4. 

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 23 Se Se deped mec mid 
hond in disc. 1340 Ayend, 83 Efterward he depp ine blod. 
1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 69 Othere bisshopis that ben 
not so depid in errour. 1565 I’. StapLeton Forty. Faith 34 
Protestants are now a days so deped in darcknes. [a 1608 
Sir F. Vere Comment. (1657) 34 The measure and time .. 
which they were to observe in the deeping of their oares. ] 

Depe, obs. form of DEEP a. and v. 

+ Depea‘ch, s?. Ovs. Also 6 depesche, 
depech, peache, 6-7 -peche. [a. F. dééche, in 
OF. despeche, -esche (1495 in Godef.), f. dépécher : 
see next.] Dispatch: a. of messengers, messages ; 
b. of business. ¢. A message or messengers sent off. 

@. 1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref 1. 1. 116 We 
differred the depech of this post. 1547 Privy Council Acts 
(1890) II, 83 At their late depeache over the sees. 1577-87 
Howtnsuep Chron. II. 918/1 Hauing his depeach, he tooke 
his leaue of the king at Richmond about noone. 1624 Brief 
Inform, Affairs Palatinate 34 The depeach and the instruc- 
tion of the said Embassade. 

b. 1568 Nortu Guevara's Diall Pr.w. 158 b, Shee onely 
did confirme al the prouisions & depeches of the affaires 
of the weale publike. @1563 CavenpisH Wolsey (1893) 
190 Resort to hyme for the depeche of the noblemens and 
others patents. 

@. 1552 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 11. 1. xi. 337 We send this 
De o not by thorow Post from hence. 1568 Dk. Surro.k 
in H. Campbell Love Lett. Mary Q. Scots App. (1824) 28 
Till. .they heard from the Quene thelr mistress by their next 
depeche. 

+Depea‘ch, v. Os. Forms: 5 depesshe, 6 
-peche, -peech, -peache, 6-7 -pesche, -peach ; 
also DESPECHE q.v. [a. F. dépécher, in OF. ae-, 
des-, peechier, -pechier, -peeschier, -peschier, etc. 
(1225 in Godef.), repr. alate L. type dzs-(or de-ex-) 
pedicére, with the same radical as Impeacu, F. 
empicher, L, tmpedicare. 

The OF. forms of dépécher are entirely parallel to those of 
empéicher, OF. empeechier, which goes back through the re- 
corded early OF. emfedecer, Pr. empedegar, to L. impedi- 
care to catch, entangle (f. gedica fetter, snare for the feet’, 
used in late L. and Romanic for L. ivepedire (Du Cange). 
Parallel to this is *(de-expedicire, for L. expedire, to free 
the feet, disengage, send away, dispatch. But though Dis- 
PATCH (q.v.) is synonymous, it is not etymologically con- 
nected with depécher, depeach. . 

(In 16-17th c. the form depeche, -peach, was mostly English, 
depesche (rime flesche) Scotch.)] F 

trans. To send away, get rid of, dispose of, 
finish off expeditiously ; to dispatch. 

1474 Caxton Chesse (1860) A ij, I dyde doo sette in en- 
prynte a certeyn nombre of theym, whiche anone were 
depesshed and solde. 1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII, lV. 12, 
1. .haue this daye by noone depeched hym with other letters. 
1527 in Strype Ecc/. Mem. I. App. xiv. 32 She said that our 
demand was reasonable and that we shold reasort unto the 
Chancellor therfore who shold depeache it out off hand. 
1540-1 Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) 160 He depeached those 
deponentes for that time. 1 Lauper Jractate 290 All 
sic 3e suld frome 30w depesche. 1566 Painter Pad. Pleas, 
1. 36 The Senators depeached ambassadours to the King 
commaunding them to say nothing of Simocharis. _@ 1651 
Catperwoop Hist. Kirk (1842-6) I11. 706 That the French 
Ambassador..may be depesched. 1655 DicGes Com:fd. 
Ambass. 301 This I do depeach, without knowledge of the 
Queens Majestic. 

b. reff. To rid or disembarrass oneself of (any 
one), Also, to make haste, to use dispatch. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 53 Depesshe the, or by the god on 
whome I byleue, I shalle smyte the there as thou lyest. 1513 
Dovctas 4neis 1. v. 28 Comment. Wks. 1874 Il. 289 For 
his sone Glaucus followit Paris, he depechit him of him. 


207 


Hence + Depea*ching 74/. sb. 

rsgo-1 Eryor /mag. Gov. (1549) 56 Where one man hath 
the depeachyng of many matters. 1552 Hutort, Depeach- 
yng, absolutio. 2 

[Depectible, mispr. for DEPERTIBLE, in Johnson, 
copied by subseq. Dicts: see L2s¢ of Sperious Was.] 

+Depe‘culate, v. Ols. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
depeculart to despoil, pillage, plunder, f. Dr- 1. 1 
+ peculart to embezzle, peculate.] “vans. ‘To 
plunder by peculation ; said of public officials. 

a164t Br. Mountacu Acts & Alon. (1642) 319 He..left 
Syria in his short Lieutenancy miserably exhausted and 
depeculated. 1648 C. WALKER //ist, [ndepend. 1. 155 ‘The 
Prator of Sardinia being sentenced for depeculating and 
Robbing that Province. : 

+ Depecula‘tion. 02s. [n. of action f. prec. : 
see -ATION.] Plunder by peculation (esf. by an 
official). 

1623 CockeraM, Defecudation, robbing of the common- 
wealth, 265 Hoses Leviath, u. xxvii, 160 Robbery and 
Depeculation of the Publique treasure, or Revenues. 1656 
in BLount Glossog7. : 

Depeditate, v. nonce-wa. [f. L. pes, pedis 
foot, after decapitate.] trans. To deprive of one’s 
feet (or the use of them). 

1808 Satirist in Spir. Publ. Fruls, (1809) X11. 328 Almost 
depeditated by the amicable contest with ‘Vhrale, in which 
we overleaped a Roman sellula. 

So Depeditation. [after decapitation.] Ampu- 
tation of a foot. 

@ 1773 JOHNSON in Tour Hebrides 29 Aug., Dr. Johnson.. 
said, ‘ George will rejoice at the depeditation of Foote’; and 
when I challenged that word, laughed, and owned he had 
made it. 

+ Depei‘nct, depinct, v. [Intermediate forms 
between Deparnt, depernt, and Depicr: cf. OF. 
depeinct, var. dépeint, and It. depinto.] = Dericr, 

1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. Apr. 69 The Redde rose medled 
with the White yfere, In either cheeke depeincten liuely 
chere. 1590 — /. Q. 11. xi. 7 ‘The winged boy in colours 
cleare Depeincted was. 1690 Lrypourn Cvs. Math. 356 
Upon the Celestial Globe is depincted the several Constella- 
tions of the fixed Stars. 

Depeint, obs. form of DEPAINT v, 

Depeinten, pseudo-arch. f. depaznted, pa. pple. 
of DEPAINT. 

+Depe'l, depell, v. ds. 
to drive out, cast down, f. Dr-I.1, 2 + pelicre to 
drive.] trans. To drive away, dispel, expel. 

1533 CoverpaLe 7veat, Lord's Supper Wks. 1844 1. 449 
Who ought to be admitted, and who to be depelled. 1568 EF. 
Tytney lower of Friendship, Allevill suspicions depelled, 
angers avoided. 1664 Power Exf. Philos. 1. 114 Water by 
its weight onely, and no innate Elatery, did depel the 
Succumbent Quicksilver in the ‘lube. 1788 77i//er No. 24. 
324 The application .. will infallibly depell all his ills. 

Hence Depe‘lling 7v//. sd.; also Depe‘ller, one 
who or that which drives away; a dispeller. 

1597 MippLteton Wisd. Solomon Par, vi. Hija, The 
very thought of her is mischiefes barre, Depeller of misdeeds. 
1657 ‘Tomiinson Renon's Disp. 51 To the depelling of our 
distempers. 

+ Depe'ncil, v. O%s. Also 7 depensil. [f. 
De- + Pencin v.: cf. depict, describe.) trans. To 
inscribe with a pencil or brush ; also fg. to depict. 

163 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon. 137 Vpon the forefront or 
some other places within these Abbeyes, this sentence is 
most commonly depensild, grauen, or painted. 1658 J. 
Cotes Cleopatra, 7th Pt. 39 If mine [my astonishment] was 
easie to be observed in my countenance, Adallas’s was no 
lesse depencilled out in his. 1708 E. Harron New View 
Lond. Il. 496/1 But the Decalogue, etc. are not there de- 
pencil’d. 1766 Entick London IV. 287 The names .. are 
depencilled in gold letters. 

Depend (dipe'nd), v.! [a. OF. depend-re (12th 
c. in Hatzf.), f. De- I. 1 + pendre to hang, after L. 
dépendére, f. De- I. 1 + pendére (intr.) to hang. 
(The F. pendre in form represents L. pendére 
trans., to hang, suspend.)] 

1. intr. To hang down, be suspended. 
chiefly in literary use.) 

exsro Barctay Mirr, Gd. Manners (1570) Aij, An olde 
man..with bearde like bristles depending on his chin. 1579 
Spenser Sheph. Cal. Jan. 42 As on your boughes the ysicles 
depend. 2695 Brackmore Pr. Arth, 1x. 373 Whence a deep 
Fring depends of Silk and Gold. r71x Pore 7'emp, Fame 


328 


[ad. L. dépell-cre 


(Now 


144 And ever-living be 4 depend in rows. 1753 Hocarty 
Anal. Beauty xi. The drapery. .that depends from his 
shoulders. 1784 Cowrer Yash 11, 450 With handkerchief 


in hand depending low. 1880 Jerreries Gt. Estate 146 The 
branches of the damsons depended so low. 
b. trans: To hang down. rare. 

1793 Soutnry Lef??. (1856) I. 15 The mountain-ash..De- 
pends its branches to the stream below. 

2. intr. fig. To hang upon or from, as a result 
or consequence is contingently attached to its 
condition or cause; to be contingent on or con- 
ditioned by. Const. 0, wpon (formerly of, rarely 
Srom, to,in). Also aédsol. (elliptically) in colloquial 
use in ‘hat depends, i.e. on circumstances, or on 
some circumstance not expressed. 

1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sozwle v, xiv. (1483) 108 The werk that 
he werketh dependeth of fortune and not of — 1509 
Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xiv, The vii. Scyences.. che upon 
other do full well depende. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 
1531) 164 b, For in the loue of God & of our ing ramet 
dependeth all y° lawe & prophecyes, 1547-64 BauLpwin 


DEPEND. 


Mor. Philos, (Palfr.) m. ii, If rulers be negligent, & looke 
not to small things whereunto greater doe depend. 1632 
J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 153 Hee waited onely to 
receive her commands, whereon depended both his stay 
and departure. @1645 Featty in /udler’'s Abel Redizv., 
Reinolds 1, 482 Howsoever the spirituall power be more 
excellent and noble than the temporall, yet they both are 
from God, and neither dependeth of the other. 1730 A. 
Gorpon Maffei's Amphith, 2 From a right understanding 
of this, depends the Knowledge of many Places in both 
sacred and profane Writers. 1754 Suertock Disc. (1759) 1. 
iv. 141 ‘This is a Matter depending on the Evidence of 
History. 1763 C. Jounston Aeverie I. 236 Forming a reso- 
lution on his steadiness, in which depends the crisis of his 
fate, 1847 Firzcerarp Lett. (1889) I. 181, 1 may then 
go to Naseby for three days: but this depends. 1848 
Macautay //ist. Eng, IL. 252 Whether the bond should be 
enforced or not would depend on his subsequent conduct. 
1869 J. Martineau “ss. II. 46 ‘Vhe psychological laws on 
which moral phenomena depend, 1886 J. R. Rees Pleas. 
Bk,-Worm i. 33 The value of a book be it intrinsic or 
adventitious. .does not depend on its size. 

+b. Formerly sometimes meaning little more 
than: ‘To hang together with, to be connected 
with, to pertain or be pertinent to. Ods. 

1525 Lp. Berners /ro7ss. IL. ccii. [cxeviii.] 623 Vhat..ye 
may write it in your Cronicle, with many other hystorics 
that depende tothe same mater. 1581 SipNey A fol. Povtria 
(Arb.) 21 The... beautie depended most of Poetrie. 1601 
Hotrann /’diny IL. 293 And therefore this my present dis- 
course. .howsoeuer it is in nature different, yet it dependeth 
of the other, 

+e. ‘To follow or flow from, result from. Ods. 

1655 Cucrerrer Riverius x. vi. 295 A Dysentery .. with 
pain and torment depending upon the ulceration of the 
Intestines. 

3. With 07, wfon (+ of, etc.: see 2): To be con- 
nected with in a relation of subordination; to belong 
to as something subordinate ; to be a dependant of. 

e1g00 Aelusine 333 Partenay, Merment, Vouant & al 
theire appurtenaunces .. with the Castel Eglon with al that 
therof dependeth. 1578 Banister //ist. J/an 1. 19 ‘Whose 
[Vertebres] that are appertinent, or depend upon Os Sacrum. 
1639 GentiLis Servta’s Juguis. (1676) 840 ‘The Office of the 
Inquisition within these Dominions, doth not depend from 
the Court of Rome. @1661 Futter HM orthies (1840) I. 419 
Hereupona story depends. 1710 WuitwortH <lcc. of Russia 
(1758) 48 ‘They have no more freehold left, and their peasants 
or subjects, now immediately depend upon the Czar’s officers, 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 11 An estate tail, and all the 
remainders over, and the reversion depending on it. 

+b. absol. ‘To be dependent ; to have or take a 
position of dependence. Obs. rare. 

1673 Ess. Educ. Gentlewom, 26 Maids thagcannot subsist 
without depending, as Servants, may chuse their places. 

4. To rest entirely ov, 2fon (+ 0f) for mainten- 
ance, support, supply, or what is needed ; to have 
to rely wfon; to be a burden zfox, to be sustained 
by; to be dependent ov. 

1548 Hatt Chron. 151 b, The whole waight and burden of 
the realme, rested and depended upon him, 1632 J. Hay- 
warp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 151 The house not being any 
whit fortified, but depending altogether on the fortune of 
the walls below. 1691 ‘IT. H{aLe] Acc. New /nvent.131 The 
effect of depending upon forraign Countries for Hemps. 
1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7, (1816) I. 202 A father and 
mother .. who depended on me for their support. 1832 Hr. 
Martineau Life in Wilds viii. 103 Well directed labour is 
all we have had to depend on, 1865 Trottorre Belton Est. 
xxii, 257 Clara must..depend entirely on the generosity of 
some one till she was married. 

5. To rely in mind, count, or reckon confidently 
on, upon (+ of, etc.). (Now chiefly in colloq. phr. 
depend upon it, used parenthetically. ) 

1500-20 Dunsar Poens |xxxi, 107 And on the prince de- 
pend with heuinely feir. 1563 Homilies 1. Faith un. (1859) 
40 Depending (or hanging) only of the help and trust that 
they had in God. 1638 Sir ‘I’. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 275 
‘The superstitious, who depended upon some supernaturall 
helps, 1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely wv. 60 If so be they had 
heen defeated, one might have depended upon seeing the 
Affairs of the Ottaman Empire restored. 1738 Swirr Pod. 
Conversat. 53 Faith Miss, depend upon it, I’ll give you as 
good as you toes 1745 Eviza Heywoop Fem. Spect. (1748) 
319 It may be depended on that. .we shall advertise. 1748 
F. Situ Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 1. 30 If they can eat Seal, 
there is such a Plenty of them, .that they may depend upon 
Food be their Voyage ever so long. 1855 Macautay //ist. 
Eng. U1. 496 He could no longer depend on the protection 
of his master. 1885 G. ALLEN Bady/on vy, Depend upon it, 
Churchill, over-education’s a great error. 

b, ellipt. with following clause: To be sure or 
confident; =‘ to depend upon it’ (see 5). collog. 
bg AscILt Argument 95, 1..do as much depend that 
1 shall not go hence by returning to the Dust. 1747 FRANKLIN 
Plain Truth Wks. 1887 11. 49 No man can with certainty 
depend that another will stand by him. 1789 7riumphs of 
Fortitude 11. 150 Depend, it will not be ill conducted by one 
of such skill. 179r Mrs. IncuBatp Siszp, Story II. x. 187 
From the constancy of his disposition, she depended much, 
that sentiments like these were not totally eradicated. 187 
ji C. Morison Grbdon 128 We may depend that a swift 
light would have shrivelled his labours. 

+6. To wait in suspense or expectation 072, wfon. 
(Cf. to hang upon any one’s lips.) Obs. 

c 1430 Lypa. Bochas vi. i. (1554) 178 a, The heartes of men, 
depending in a traunce. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems 1xxi. 38 
Ott § gyd and gouirnance we ar all solitair, Dependand ay 
vpoun thy stait and grace. 1612 Proc. Virginia 41 in Capi. 
Smith's Wks. (Arb.) 385 Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll..at 
last prevailed with some Gentlemen. . who depended a yeare 
vpon his proiects, but nothing could be effected. “1697 _ 
Dryven Virg. dineid 4 (T.) The hearer on the speaker's 
mouth depends. 1 STEELE Lying Lover u. i. 20 Have 
not I, Madam, two long Years. .depended on your Smiles? 


DEPEND. 


7. To be in suspense or undetermined, be waiting 
for settlement (as an action at law, a bill in parlia- 
ment, an appointment, etc.), (Usually in pres. 
pple. = pending: see also Derenpine J//. a. 5.) 

¢ 1430 Lyne. Story of Thebes ut. (R.), The fatall chance 
Of life and death dependeth in balance. 1532-3 Act 24 
Hen, VII, c. 12 $8 Euery matter, cause, and contention 
nowe dependynge..before any of the sayde archebishops. 
e1575 Leg. Bp. St. Androis 131 (Satir. Poems Reform.) 
Becaus St. Androis then dependit, ‘To heich promotione he 
pretendit. 1632 Star Cham. Cases (Camden) 123 The same 
demurrer hath been on both sides often aoguel, and now 
depends readie for the Judgement of x Court. 1765 T. 
Horcuinson //ist. Mass. 1. 185 Whilst these disputes. .were 
depending, the.. Indians made attacks. a1859 Macautay 
Hist, Eng.V. 480 Bills of supply were still depending. 
Law Reports 11 Q. Bench Div. 559 The resolution was fil 
in the court in which the bankruptcy was depending. 

+ 8. To be ready or preparing to come on; to 
impend, to be imminent. QOdés. 

1712 Swirt City Shower 3 While rain depends, the pensive 
cat gives o'er Her frolicks. 1719 DE Fox crxass 1. xil. (1858) 
184, [had not the least notion of any such thing depending, 
or the least supposition of it being possible. 

+9. Tohavea leaning. (Cf. penchant.) Obs. rare. 

1586 Let. Earle Leycester 15 \t might then be suspected, 
in respect of the disposition of such as depend that way. 


+ Depend, v.2 rare. [ad. L. dpendére to pay 
down or away, spend, expend, f. De- J. 1, 2+ 
pendere to weigh, pay. Cf. DisPENp.] trans. To 
expend, spend. 

1607 Barley-Breake (1877) 12 To whom Dame Nature lent 
so rich a port, That all her glory on her wasedepended. 


Dependable (dipendab’l), a. Also -ible. 
[f. Depenn v. + -ABLE.] That may be depended 
on; trustworthy, reliable. 


1735 Pore Let. to Gay xxi. Wks. (1737) VI, 186 That desire 


was, to fix and preserve a few lasting, dependable friendships. 
1840 Herscuet “ss. (1857) 92 Calculations, with more 
dependable data, 1842 Murray's Handbk. N. Italy gt Le 
Juattro Nazioni, good and reasonable, and kept by very 
ependable people. 1864 Sir F, Parcrave Norm. & Eng. 
IV. 642 Flambard was thoroughly dependable. 30YD 
Carpenter Permanent Elem. Relig. Introd. 30 We have 
dependable material on which to base our study. 
I[ence Depe‘ndableness ; Depe'ndably ai/v. 
1860 Pusey Min. Profh. 554 Alexander saw and impressed 
upon his successors the dependibleness of the Jewish people. 
1862 Mrs. Cartyte “ett. II]. 111 The accounts I get of 
Mr. C. from himself, and (still more dependably) from my 
housemaid. 
of his charact 
ableness. 
Dependant, -dent (d/pendént), sd. [a. F. 
dépenidant adj. and sb., properly pr. pple. of dé- 
pendre to Depend, From the 18th c. often (like 


stics was exceeding punctuality and depend- 


the adj.) spelt dependent, after L. (both forms being | 


entered by Johnson); but the spelling -av? still 
predominates in the sb. : cf. defendant, assistant. 

1755 Jounson Pref to Dict., Some words, such as de- 
pendant, dependent; dependance, dependence, vary their 
final syllable, as one or another language is present to the 
writer.] 

+1. Something subordinately attached or belong- 
ing to something else; a subordinate part, appur- 
tenance, dependency. Oés. 

1523 Lp. Berners /vo/ss. 1. clxxvii. (R.), The Frenchemen 
..demaunded..to haue the sygnorie of Guysnes..and all 
the landes of Froyten, and the dependantes of Guysnes vnto 
the lymyttes of the water of Grauelyng. 1548 Hatt Chron. 
98 With all incidentes, circumstaunces, dependentes, or 
connexes, 1643 Prynne Treachery of Papists 1. 32(R.) The 
parliament. .repealed this parliament of a1 R. II. with all 

+ its circumstances and dependents. 1716 Lond. Gas, No. 
5425/9 The Lease for the, .Ci Works. with its Depend- 
ants, 1721 Brap.ey I/ks. Nature 32 Monsieur de Reaumur 
.. discover'd certain Parts which might reasonably be 
esteem'd Dependants of Flowers. 1837 F. Coorer Kecoll. 

+ Europe \. 174 [Versailles] was a mere dependant of the 

crown. 
2. A person who depends on another for support, 


position, etc. ; a retainer, attendant, subordinate, 


servant. 

1588 Suaxs. Z. ZL. L. ut. i. 134 The best ward of mine 
honours is rewarding my dependants. 1632 Lirucow 7rav, 
1. 38, Id ded our dependant, what was to pay? 1647 
Crarenvon //ist, Reb. 1. (1843) 5/1 Almost all of his own 
numerous family and dependants, 1750 Jounson Rambler 
No. 28 P 8 An error almost universal among those that con- 
verse much with dependents. 1 Ibid. No. 190 7 
Convinced that a dependant couM not easily be made a 
friend. 1786 Burke W’. Hastings Wks. 1842 11. 105 Her 
female dependants, friends, and servants. 1830 D'Israe.i 


1874 Miss Mutock Aly Mother & J xi, One 


208 


2. The relation of having existence hanging 
upon, or conditioned by, the existence of some- 
= else ; the fact of depending «fon something 
else. 

1605 VerstecAn Dec. Jntell. ii. (1628) 27 Words. .that seeme 


to haue deper on the Latin. 1613 J. SarkeLp 77eat. 
Angels 5 Without b ing or depend of any other 
cause. 1646 Sin T. Browne /’sexd. “A. 1. xi. 45 There was no 


naturall dependance of the event upon the 
Ox/fordsh, 196, 1 dare not sw t was any dependence 
between the medicin and disease. 1754 Epwarps Freed. 
Vill 1. iv. 23 The Dependence and nection between 
Acts of Volition or Choice, and their Causes. 1860 TynDaLL 
Glac. 1. xxvii. 199 The chain of dependence which runs 
throughout creation. 1864 Bowen Logic x. 348 That which 
comes next it in the order of dependence. 

+b. Connexion of successively dependent parts ; 
logical sequence. Ods. (or merged in  ampaty 

@ 1535 More Is, 611 (R.) Hys woordes. . be so dark and 
so intriked of purpose withoute any dependence or order. 
1638 Sir ‘I. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 236 The Father next, 
and as they are in blood the other follow in a just depend- 
ance; the rest promiscuously. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life 
(1747) ILL. 252 The Discourse..from Verse to Verse runs all 
along in a close and continued Dependance. 

+e. In wider sense: Relation, connexion (cf. 
DEPEND 2b). Obs. 

@ 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 226 As their [St. Philip and 
St. Bartholomew] being of that Society of the Twelve 
hindred them not from being of the great Societie the 
Church; so their other Dependances, as being of the Church, 
or being of the seventy, or being married men .. hindred 
them not from being of the Twelve. 

3. The relation of anything subordinate to that 
from which it holds, or derives support, etc.; the 
condition of a dependant; subjection, subordina- 
tion, (Opp. to zadependence.) 

1614 Raceicu //ist, World 11. 72 Those two great Cities, 
Athens and Sparta, upon which all the rest had most 
dependance. 1660 R. Coke Power & Subj. 147 How far the 
Britanick Churches were from any dependence upon the 
Church of Rome. 1699 Benttey Pha/. 488 A dependance 
upon the most Brutal of Tyrants. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. ror P 4, I lived in all the luxury of affluence without 
expence or dependence. 1765 Biackstone Comm. Introd. 
§ 4. 101 Dependence being very little else, but an obligation to 
conform to the will or law of that superior person or state, 
upon which the inferior depends. 1874 Green Short //ist. 
viii. § 2. 469 To free the Crown from its dependence on the 
Parliament. 1886 Stevenson Aidnaffed xviii. 172 The 
other four were equally in the Duke's dependance. 

+ 4. concr. That which is subordinate to, con- 
nected with, or belonging to, something else ; an 
appurtenance, connexion, dependency. Odés. 

1540 Act 32 Hen. 1/1/, c. 25 To committe the state of his 
said mariage, with all the circumstances and dependaunce 
thereof vnto the prelates. 1582 Savite Zacitus’ Hist. 1. 
xiii. (1591) 122 As though eight Legions were to be the de- 
pendance of one nauy. 1601 Houtanp /’/iny 1. 127 The 
great riuer Indus .. issueth out of a part or dependance of 
the hill Caucasus, 1 Hist. in Ann, Reg. 54 Coblentz, 
a dependence of the electorate of Mentz. 

+b. A body of dependants or subordinates ; a 
retinue. (Usually -asce.) Obs. 

1606 Forp //onor Tri. 10 Deseruing to be beloued; of 
whome ? Of popular opinion or unstable vulgar dependances? 
1631 Weever Anc. un, Mon. 273 He feasted. .two kings, 
two Queenes, with their dependances, 700, messe of meate 
scarce seruing for the first dinner. 1638 Raw.ey tr. Bacon's 
Life & Death (1650) 19 Anumerous Family, a great Retinue, 
and Dependance, 1692 Sourn Serm. (1697) 1. 33 Encumbred 
with Dependances, throng’d and parmecided with Peti- 
toners, F F “ F 

5. The condition of resting in faith or expectation 
(upon something); reliance; assured confidence 


or trust. 

1627 SANDERSON 12 Sermt. (1632) 530 Faithful dependance 
vpon the providence .. of God. 1754 /ist, Yung. Lady 
Distinction 1. 10 Thoroughly sensible what little de- 
pendence I ought to make on my own ey go 1763 Exiz. 
Carter Mem. etc. (1816) 1. 295 The waters, I shall continue 
drinking, without much dependance of getting better. 1801 
Gasriettt Myst. usb. 11. 205 There was no dependance 
to be placed in the word of a woman ee eee 1841 Lane 
Arab, Nts. 1, 68 It is the only branch of divination worthy 
of dependance. 1875 Jowett //ato (ed, 2) V. 19 Living .. 
in dependence on the will of God. ~ 

b. ¢ransf. ‘That on which one relies or may rely; 
object of reliance or trust ; resource. ? Ods. 

1754 Rictarpson Grandison IV. v. 44 Your meg ap een 

iety, are 4 just dependence. 1803 WELLINGTON in n 

esp. 784 The seamen from the East India fleet were the 
yer ipal dependence for ing the navy. 1827 
J. F. Coorer Prairie IL. iv. 59 Take the Lord for your de- 


signe. 1677 PLor 


Chas, I, 111. v. 76 Such a personage as Laud is d d to 
have de Boag and not iends. Macautay //ist. 
Eng. 1V. 55 Other people could ghee or their dependants, 

Froupe //ist. Eng. UL. xiii, 118 The gentry were sur- 
rounded by dependents. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 309 
A poor dependant of the family. 

Dependence (</pendéns). Forms: 6 -aunce, 
6-9 ar 7- -ence. [a. F. dépendance (15th c. 
in Littré, in 14th c, despendence, Oresme), f. depen- 
dant ; see prec. and -ANcE. Like DEPENDENT a., 
subseq. assimilated to the L. type, the form in 
-ance being rare after 1800.] 

+1. The action of hanging down; concr. some- 
thing that down. Obs. rare. 

af Dryven Virg, Georg. 1v. 806 Like a large Cluster of 
preg — they show, And make a large dependance from 
t gh. 


. 


+c. Reliableness, trustworthiness. Ods, rare. 

1752 Hume Ess. & 7'reat. (1777) 1. 22 So little dependance 
har ithis affair. A Bbw Ww omBE Devil on Two Sticks 
(1817) VI. 44 The philosophy of poets .. is not of very 
sterling dependence. eC 

6. The condition of waiting for settlement ; 
pending, suspense. (Now only in legal use.) 

1605 Burgh Kec. Aberdeen 4 Dec. o-~ Suppl.), That anes 
the actioune may be put under dependance befoir onie 
parliament, 1679-1714 Burner Hist. Ref, After a lon 

lependance it might end as the ad done. 181 
Suecrey Let. in Dowden Life Il, 8 Engagements con- 
a soiee - di Re - of the me <f 5 1861 

: Bett Dict, Law Scot., Depending Ac an action is 
held to be in depend from the mi it of the " 
until the final decision of the House of Lords, Act 
37-8 Vict. c. 94 § 68 Nothing herein ined affect 
any action now in dependence. 


| drowned in this conceit. 


ae) a) 


DEPENDENT. 


4b. A quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’ 
or awaiting settlement. Ods. 

1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. 1. v, The bastinado! 
a most , and sufficient warranted by the 

za. 1616 —- Devil an Ass ww. vij, H’ is friend to 

im, with whom I ha’ the dependance. 1820 Scorr Monast. 
xxi, Let us pause for the space of one venue, until I give you 
my opinion on this depend {Note. Dependence,a 
among the brethren of the sword for an existing quarrel.) 

(d?pe‘ndénsi}, Also 6-7 -encie ; 
6 -ancye, 7 -ancie, 7-9 -ancy. [f. as prec.: see 
-ANCY, -ENCY.] 

1. The condition of being dependent ; the relation 
of a thing to that by which it is conditioned ; con- 
tingent logical or causal connexion; = prec. 2. 

1597 Hooker Eccl. Fol. v. (1632) 376 That dependencie 

order, whereby the lower poe alwayes the more 
excellent [etc.]. 1603 SHaxs. Meas. for M. v. i. 62 Such ade- 
pendancy of thing, on thing, As ere I heard in madnesse. 
1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv. 1. vii. (1854) 286 All threaded 
upon one string of de; ncy. 1748 Hartvey Odserv. Man 
1. iii. aye Tee of Evi makes the Iting 
Probability weak. 1864 Bowen Logic viii. 245 In this Un- 
figured Syllogism..the d dency of Extension and 
1 sion does not subsi 

2. The relation of a thing (or person) to that 
by which it is supported+ state of subjection or 
subordination ; = prec. 3. 

1594 Hooxer Ecc?. Pol.1.x.(1611)26 Hauing no such depen- 
dency upon any one. 1634 W. Tirwnyr tr. Balzac's Lett. 251, 
I have no servile dependancy upon their conceptions. 1724 
Swirt Drapier’s Lett. Wks. 1755 V. u. 64 Ready to shake 
off the dependency of Ireland upon the crown of England. 
1848 C, Bronte ¥ Lyre xiv. (1873) 133 That you care 
whether or not a dependent is comfortable in his d ency. 
1856 Froupe //ist. Eng.(1858) 11. x. 456 They found England 
in dependency upon a foreign power; they left it a free 
nation. 

+3. Reliance; =prec. 5. Ods. rare. 

ax600 Hooxer (J.), Their dependancies on him were 
1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1. Ix. 
98 As if God. .would lead us to a dependency on Him. 

4. Something dependent or subordinate; a sub- 
ordinate part; an appurtenance. &. gen. 

1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxi. (1632) 1004 Many de- 
pendancies of Story had their euents in the Acts of this man. 
1690 Locke Hum. Und. u. xii. § 4 Modes I call such com- 
plex ideas, which .. are idered dependancies on, or 
affections of substances, sma Sassieee Div. Legat. I. 
4 The Knowledge of human Nature and its De lencies. 
1852 S. R. Martiann Ess. Various Subj. 155 A thorough 
sifting of this subject, and its dependencies. 

+ b. A body of dependants; a household estab- 
lishment. Ods. 

1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 61 This mans Serraglio. «answerable 
to his small dependancie. 1670 G. H. Hist, Cardinais u. 
1. 112 The Dependencies and Relati of the Popes and 
Cardinals, do not suffer the Prelats to act according to 
the Dictates of Equity. = wit Contests of Nobles § Com., 
Men, who have acquired large p and q ly 
dependancies, E 

c. A dependent or subordinate place or territory; 
esp. a country or province subject to the control of 
another of which it does not form an integral part. 

1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. iii. 49 The Kingdom of Poland 
and great Dutchy of Lyfland, together with all their 
Dependencies. '. Burner 7h. Zarth (J.), This 
earth, and its de 1848 Macautay //ist, Eng. 1, 
342 This is that Sheffield which now, with its dependencies, 
contains a hundred and twenty thousand souls. 1864 R. A. 
Arnotp Cotton Fam, 464 There is a wide difference between 
a dependency and a y. The, cop SE ee 
other in absolute fee-simp! 

d. An appurtenance (to a dwelling-house, etc.). 

1822 W. jer poe Hail ii. 12 To visit the stables, 
dog-kennel other dependencies, D 

+5. A quarrel ‘ ree or awaiting settle- 
ment; =prec. 6b. Obs. 

a 162g Fiercner Lider Bro. v. 
dencies, That poundi "tween 


, by 
i M Maid 

Pi oe to Sopesdctes tok op A kn 

+ b. gen. An affair pending or awaiting settle- 
gop W. Taxon in Robberds Mem, 11,2791 
Pp be Taytor in b ann 079 Ta consequence 
si in liquidating. 

+ (d?pendént), a. Also 5-6 -aunt, 

6-9 -ant. [Originally dependant, a. F. dépendant 
a c. in 


9°, 
lencies. 


i, The masters of - 
di 


atzf.), pr. pple. of to han 

own, depend: from the 16th c. often assimilat 
to L. dépendént-em, and now usually so spelt, the 
form in -ant being almost obs. in the adj., though 
retained in the sb., q.v.] 

a Hanging down, ent. 

¢ 1420 Pallad on Husb, 1. 1060 So thai be wombed wel, 
dependannt, syde, That likely is for greet and mighty stoore. 
r Barciay Cyt. 4 f geen pe (Percy Soe.) p. lxxii, 
With glistering side dependaunt heard. 
Greene Maidens xxviii, Mourning locks 
pee 1796 pope figs Geog 1. 378 by regular rock,-from 

ent many excrescences. 
i880 Cs & FDanwx ‘Movem. 2.128 [1 even] partially 
t 


2. That depends oz something else ; having its 
existence eaatingest on, or conditioned by, the 


existence of something Sa 
OOKER Pr . Vili. (16 On these two 
general figeade «- all otber epecial i es ae ee 1623 


DEPENDENTIAL. 


Cockeram, Defendant, which hangeth vpon another thing. 
1664 Power £xf. Philos. 1. 192 Effects dependent on the 
same..Causes. 1 Norris 7veat. Humility iii. 77 A crea- 
ture is a dependent being, that is, it is essential to a creature 
to depend upon the author of its being. 1850 MeCosn Div, 
Govt. 1. i. (1874) 11 Animal life, again, is dependent on 
vegetable life, and vegetable life is dependent on the soil 
and atmosphere. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 265 All 
things in nature are dependent on one another. 
+b. Annexed, appertaining. Ods. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 62b, The reversion that is de- 

ndaunt unto the same franketenement is severed from the 
jointure. : 

8. That depends or has to rely o7 something else 
for support, supply, or what is needed. 

a@ 1643 W. Cartwricut Commend. Verses in. Fletcher's 
Wks., Whose wretched genius, and dependent fires But to 
their benefactors’ dole aspires. 1742 Youn N+. 7h. iii. 448 
Life makes the soul dependent on the dust. 1791 Mrs. 
Rapciirre Rom. Forest ii, She found herself wholly depen- 
dent upon strangers. 1865 TRotLore Belton Est. xxvii. 332 
It was her destiny to be dependent on charity. 1874 Green 
Short Hist. ii. § 6. 93 The vast estates..were granted out to 
new men dependent on royal favour. 

4. Attached in a relation of subordination ; sub- 
ordinate, subject ; opp. to zzdependent. 

1616 Brent tr. Sarpi’s Counc. Trent (1676) 574 One 
Bishop instituted by Christ, and the others not to have any 
authority but dependant from him. 1624 Fisner in F. White 
Repl. Fisher 337 Mediators subordinate vnto, and dependent 
of Christ. 1654 tr, Scudery’s Curia Polit. 93 Soveraignes 
are not subordinate and dependant to them [the Law 
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 364 The Assembly meet here, 
which is in the nature of a p panes Parliament. 1829 I. 
‘Taytor Exthus. vii. 178 The temper of mind which is proper 
to a dependant and subordinate agent. 1863 Bricur S/. 
Amer. 26 Mar., They ceased to be dependent colonies of 
England. 

b. Math. Dependent variable: one whose varia- 
tion depends on that of another variable (the 77/e- 


pendent variable). 

1832 Topnunter Diff. Calc. i, A dependent variable is a 
quantity the value of which is determined as soon as that 
of some independent variable is known. 

+5. Impending. Obs. rare. 

1606 Suaks. 77. § Cr. u. iii. 21 That me thinkes is the 
curse dependant on those that warre for a placket. 

+ Depende‘ntial, 2. Os. [f. med.L. aipen- 
déntia dependence + -AL: cf. confidential.) Relating 
to, or of the nature of, dependence. 

1646 S. Botton Arraigum. Err. 14 God doth it to exercise 
a dependentiall faith upon God. 

Dependently (d/pendéntli), adv. [f. Depry- 
DENT @. + -LY2.] In a dependent manner; in a 
way depending oz something. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. t.xxv. 178 These. .act but 
dependantly on their formes. 1677 Hate Prin. Orig. Man, 
1. lii. 73 Whether there be an utter impossibility of any 
material Being to be either independently or dependently 
eternal. 1793 Beartiz Morad Sc. 1. i. § 3 (R.) If we affirm 
.. relatively, conditionally, or dependently on something 
else, it is the subjunctive. 

Depender (d/pendo1). Also 6-7 Sc.-ar.  [f. 
DepenD v.! +-rR !.] 

+1. A dependant. Chiefly Sc. Ods. 

¢ 1865 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Cis 0”. Scot. (1728) 8 Through 
the vain flattery of his dependers. 1577-95 Descr. [sles 
Scot?, in Skene Celtic Scotd. iii. App. 438 Ane dependar on 
the Clan Donald. #1639 Srorriswoop /7ist. Ch. Scot. 1. 


1677) 186 Being all vassals and dependers of Huntley. 7744. 
I: 


wirt Poems, A Riddle, Ym but a meer Depender sti 
An humble Hanger-on at best. 1726-31 ‘Tinpat Rafin's 
Hist. Eng. (2743) II. xvi. 78 He drew together a number 
of Lords of his Dependers. 

2. One who depends or relies 07 something. rare. 

161r Saks. Cymd, 1. v. 58 To be depender on a thing 
that leanes. 1617 Hieron /V%s. II. 306 Art thou a con- 
tinuall depender vpon teaching? 1827 L.vamiiner 470/2 
A set of puny dependers upon a British soldiery. 

Dependible, var. of DEPENDABLE. 

Depending, 2/. sb. rare. [f. DEPEND v.1+ 
-1nc t, In sense 2, perh. a subst. use of the A/. a.] 

1. The action of the verb DEPEND ; dependence ; 
in quot. + waiting, suspense (see DEPEND v.1 6, 7). 

1616 B. Jonson Efigr., To William Roe, Delay is bad, 
doubt worse, depending worst. [ 

2. Something depending on or belonging to 
something else; an appurtenance ; = DEPENDENCE 
4, DEPENDENCY 4a. Obs. 

1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 181 Conclusion of this dep- 
pendinge of kepinge of the see. 1642 in Rushw. /Vist. Codd. 
1, (1692) I. 665 ‘he said Commissions or Writs, with all 
their Dependings and Circumstances. 

Depending (d’pe'ndin), pf/. a. (prep.) [f. Dx- 
PEND v.1 + -1NG 2, 

A. adj, That depends: see the verb. 

1. Hanging or inclining downwards; pendent. 

1735 SOMERVILLE Chase 1. 441 To raise the slope Depend- 
ing Road. et f- S. Le Dran’s Observ. See 71) 52 To 
prevent the Pus from lodging in the most depending Part. 
1819 WirFEN Aonian Hours (1820) 39 Locked in the twilight 
of dopendicg boughs. 1860 Gosse om. Nat. Hist. 176 One 
or two depending vines. § 3 

2. That depends on something else ; contingent, 
conditioned, etc. ; dependent. : 

1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 446 A number of 
depending circumstances distinctly and advantageously ar- 


ranged. 5 
+3. Subordinate, dependent, subject. Ods. 


- 2705 STANHOPE nsin, “oa I. 37 [Persons] of a mean ba rac 
ing epiition. 1735 BERKELEY Querist § 419 Either king- 
ou. III, 


209 


dom or republic, depending or independent, free or en- 
slaved, . 

+ 4. Relying, trusting. ? Ods. 

17. Hervey Medit. (1818) 113 A lesson of heaven- 
depending faith. 1829 EK. Barner Ser. 11. 372 A praying, 
waiting, depending frame of mind. 

5. Awaiting settlement, pending. 

1679 Hist. Fetzer 34 To hear and determine the depending 
cause. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 35 Letters of 
diligence. .granted in a depending process. i 

B. grep. | Originally the pres. pple. agreeing with 
the sb. in absolute construction, as in L. pendente 
lite; cf. during, notwithstanding.| During the 
continuance or dependence of ; pending. 

1503-4 dct 19 Hen. V//, c. 31 Pream., Knyghthode .. re- 
ceyved, eny tyme dependyng the seid accions or suetys, shall 
abate the writtes, 1602 Futpecke rst Pt. Paral. 61 ‘The 
plaintife is put out of seruice depending the plea. 

Dependingly, adv. rare. [f. DerENDING a, 
+ -LY *.] In a depending or dependent manner ; 
with dependence on some person or thing. 

1655 GURNALL Chr, in Ari. xi. § 5 (1669) 100/1 Walk de- 
pendingly on God. 1676-7 Hate Contemp. 1. On Lord's 
Prayer (R.), I will use it thankfully, and nevertheless de- 
pendingly. - 

+ Depension. Ols.rare—°.  [ad. L. dipen- 
sion-em expenditure, f. dpendére to spend, expend.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Depension (depensio), a weighing, 
a paying of money. : ae. 

Depeople (d/prp'l), v7. arch. [ad. F. dipenple-r 
(1364 in Hatzf.), despeupler (1611 Cotgr.) ; after 
people. See Dr- I. 6, and cf. DispropLe, DEPoPv- 
LATE.) ¢rans. To deprive of people, destroy the 
people of, depopulate. 

¢1611 Cuarman /éiad xix. 146 Achilles in first fight de- 
peopling enemies. 1615 — Odyss. 1x. 75, I depeopled it, 
Slew all the men, and did their wives remit, 1848 Lyrron 
//arold (1862) 297 Vhe town, awed and depeopled, sub- 
mitted to flame and to sword, 

+ Deperdit, -ite, a. and sb. Now rave or Ods. 
[ad. L. déperdit-us, -um, corrupt, abandoned, pa. 
pple. of déperdére to destroy, ruin, lose, f. Dr- 1. 3 
+ perdcre to destroy, lose.] 

A. adj. Lost, abandoned, involved in ruin or 
perdition. 

1641 J. Jackson 77-e Evang. Tt. 198 Such miscreants, 
and deperdite wretches as they proved. 1642 —- AA. Con- 
science 7 Some notable deperdite wretch. 

B. sé. Something lost or perished. 

1802 Patey Nat. Theol. v. § 4 (x6r9) 58 No reason..why, 
if these deperdits ever existed, they have now disappeared, 

Hence Depe'rditely adv. 

1608 J. Kixc Serm. 5 Nov. 17 The most .. deperditely 
wicked of all others. ' 

Deperdition (dipasdifon). Now rare. [a. 
F. déperdition (Paré 16th c.), n. of action from L. 
déperdcre see prec.] Loss, waste, destruction by 
wasting away. 

1607 J. Kinc Sev. Nov. 31 Wherin was prodition, per- 
dition, deperdition, al congested and heaped vp inon. c1645 
Howe wt Lef?. I. 1. xxxi, The old [flesh] by continual de- 
perdition. evaporating still out of us. 1646 Sir ‘Tl. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. 1. Vv. 86 It may be unjust to deny all efficacie of 
gold, in the non-omission of weight, or deperdition of any 
ponderous particles. 1795 tr. A/ercier’s Fragments 11. 63 
At its horrid deperdition every citizenis alarmed. 1881 A »- 
nihilation 6 Alas ! who will henceforth be afraid of sin, if it 
only. .end in painless deperdition ? , 

Deperition (dzpéri-fon). vazve. [n. of action 
f. L. dépertre to perish, be lost utterly, f. Dr- I. 5 
+ perireto perish.] Perishing, total wasting away. 

1793 Eart or Bucnan Anon. Ess. (1812) 363 That all 
nature was in a constant state of deperition and renovation. 
1808 BentHam Sc. Reform 76 Deperition of necessary evi- 
dence, deperition of the matter of wealth, in the hands of 
the adverse party .. deperition viz. with reference to the 
party in the right—by dissipation, by concealment. 

+ Deperpeyl, v. Ods. [a. OF. deparpeillier, 
desp-, to disperse.] |= DISPARPLE, to scatter. 

13.- Hamprote Psadter [xliv. 11] xliii. 13 In genge pou 
scatird [MS. S. deperpeyld] vs. 

Depe‘rsonalize, v. [f. Dx- II. 1 + Prrsoy- 
ALIZE.] trans. 'To deprive of personality; to make, 
or regard as, no longer personal. 

1866 LowELt Biglow P. Introd., He would have enabled 
me. .to depersonalize myself into a vicarious egotism. 1889 
W. S. Litty ee 170 An artificial mechanism, 
which destroys individuality and depersonalises man. 

+Depe'rsonate, v. Oés. [f. De- IL 1 + 
Person +-ATE3, Cf. med.L. dépersdnare = disper- 
sonare.| trans. To deprive of the status of a person 
or of personal rights. : 

1676 R. Dixon Two Test. 336 A Bond-man, a Slave. . being 
wholly decapitated and dep d from the common con- 
dition of a humane person. 

Depe‘rsonize, v. [Dz- II. 1 + Person + -178.] 
= DEPERSONALIZE. 

1888 F. H. Sropparp in Andover Rev. Oct., The one 
aims to visualize the ideal, the other to depersonize the God 
conception itself. 

Deperte, obs. form of DEPART. 

+ Depe'rtible, 2. Ods. [f. as if from L. vb. 
*dépertire = dispertire to divide, distribute + -BLE. 
The prefix follows F. départir, Eng. Depart.] 
Capable of being divided into parts; divisible. 


1626 Bacon Sylva § 857 Some Bodies have a... more 
Depertible Nature than others; As we see it evident in 


DEPHLOGISTICATE. 


Colouration; For a small Quantity of Saffron will Tinct 
more then a very great Quantity of Brasil or Wine. 

Depesche, var. of DErEAcH, Obs. 

+ Depe'ster, v. Obs. [a. OF. depestrer, 
despestrer (13-14th c. in Hatzf.), mod. dépétrer, 
in same sense, f. dé-, dés- (DIS-) + -festrer in em- 
pestrer: see EMPESTER, PrEstER.] ref. To dis- 
entangle or rid oneself (fron). 

1685 Corton tr. A/ontaignue I. 449 One vice .. so deeply 
rooted in us, that I dare not determine whether any one 
ever clearly depestred himself from it or no. 

Depeter ((dep/to1). Budding. Also depreter. 
[Derivation obscure. 

It looks like a formation of L. de and fetva stone; possibly 
from a med. L, dépetrare to dress with stone. In that case 
depreter is an erroneous form.] (See quots.) 

1852 Brees Gloss., Depreter or Defeter, plastering done 
to represent tooled stone. It is first pricked up and floated 
the same as for set or stucco, and small stones are then 
forced on dry froma board. 1876 Notes on Building Constr. 
(Rivington) II. 409 Depeter consists of a pricked up coat 
[of plaster] with small stones pressed in while it is soft, so as 
to produce a rough surface. 1886 Seppon Builder's Work 
248 Defeter, is somewhat similar to rough casting, except 
that small stones are pressed dry into the soft plaster by 
means ofa board. /é/d., Depreter, is a term sometimes used 
to denote plaster finished in imitation of tooled stone. 

+ Depe’x, v. Obs.vare—°. [f. L. dépfex-, ppl. 
stem of Wépectéve to comb down.] To comb down. 

1623 Cockreram, Defer, to kemb. [1644 Ridiculed in 
Vindex Anglicus : see quot. s. v. DeFust.] 

Depheazance, dephezaunce, obs. ff. Dr- 
FEASANCE. 

1558 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. v. 183 Withoute eny 
maner of vse, condicion or dephezaunce, 

Dephilosophize: see Dr- II. 1. 

+Dephlegm (d‘flem), v. O/d Chem. [ad. 
mod.L. dphlegmare, ¥. déflegmer (1698 in Matzt.>: 
see DEPHLEGMATE.] = DEPHLEGMATE. 

1660 Hoy aw, Exp. Phys. Alech, xxiv. 191 We took 
also some Spirit of Urine, carelesly enough deflegmed. 
1668 — /'ss. § 7 racts (1669) 48 We have sometimes taken 
of the better sort of Spirit of Salt, and having carefully de- 
phlegm’d it[etc.], 1683 PA/2. 7 vans. X1IL. 298 Very strong 
Vinegar, dephlegm’d by freezing. 

Ilence Dephle' gmed, dephlegm'd ///. a.; De- 
phle‘gmedness. 

1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech, xxx. (1682) 115 Well 
dephlegm’d Spirit of Wine is much lighter than Water. 1669 
— Hist. Firmness, Ess. & Tracts 291 Vhe proportion .. 
depends .. upon the strength of the former Liquor, and the 
dephlegmedness of the latter. 1676 — New xfer. 1. in 
Phil. Trans. X1. 777 We gently poured on it some highly 
dephlegm’d Spirit of Wine. : 

+ Dephlegmate (déflegme't), v. Ofd Chem. 
[f. ppl. stem of med. or mod.L. déphlegmare, f. 
Dr- I. 6 + phlegma, a. Gr. préypa (pAéypar-) 
clammy humour: see PHLEGcM.] ‘rans. To free 
(a spirit or acid) from ‘ phlegm’ or watery matter ; 
to rectify. 

1668 Boyir “ss, § Tracts (1669) 65 We dephlegmated some 
[spirits] by more frequent, and indeed tedious Rectifications. 
1686 W. Haraistr. Lemery’s Chymz. (ed. 2) 186 You may use 
either a little more, ora little less, according to the strength 
of the spirit, or according as it is more or less dephlegmated. 
1757 A. Coorer Distiller 1. xxiii. (1760) 95 ‘This Ingredient 
cleanses and dephlegmates the Spirit considerably. 1789 
J. Keir Dict. Chem. 96/2'Vhe contained matter must be de- 
phlegmated. 

b. fg. To rid of admixture, purify, refine. 

1796 Burke Let. Nodle Ld. Wks. VII. 56 The principle 
of evil himself, incorporeal, pure, unmixed, dephlegmated, 
defecated evil. 

Ilence Dephle*gmated ///. a., Dephle*gmating 
vbl. sb. and pfu. a. 

1641 Frencu Distil?, v.(1651)115 The pure dephlegmated 
Spirit. 17z2 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 162,To know 
whether it is truely deflegmated, or Proof-Spirit. 1807 
Orie Lect, Art i. (1848) 253 The ancients .. produced those 
concentrated, dephlegmated, and highly rectified personifi- 
cations of strength, activity, beauty. 

+Dephlegmation (diflegmé'fan). O/d Chem. 
[n. of action irom prec. vb. ; in mod.F. déflegmation 
(Trevoux 1732).] The process of dephlegmating 
a spirit or acid. 

1668 Boye Ess, & Tracts (1669) 48 To separate the aqueous 
parts by Dephlegmation. 1718 Quincy Compl. Dispens. 40 
‘The same thing is constantly observ’d in the Dephlegmation 
of acid Spirit. 1758 / laboratory laid Open Introd. 46 Re- 
torts must be provided for the dephlegmation, ; 

Dephlegmator (diflegmé‘to1). [Agent-n. in 
L, form f. mod.L. déphlegmare to DEPHLEGMATE.] 
An apparatus for dephlegmation ; a form of con- 
densing oy agai in a still. ‘ 

1828 S. F. Gray Operative Chemist 767 This dephlegmator 
is formed of two broad sheets of tinned copper, soldered 
together so as to leave only 4th of an inch between them. 
1876 S. Kens. Mus. Catal. No. 4376. 

+ Dephlogistic (d7flodgi'stik), a. Old Chem. 
[f. De- I. 6 + Puiocisr-on + -Ic: cf. PHLOGISTIC.] 
= DEPHLOGISTICATED. 

1787 Darwin in PAil. Trans, LXXVIII. 52 Combination 
of dephlogistic and inflammable gases. 

ogi'sticate, v. [f. De- II.1 + Paiocis- 


TICATE. 
+1. trans. Old Chem. To deprive of phlogiston 
(the supposed principle of inflammability in 


bodies). ae 


DEPHOSPHORIZE. 


1779 Phil. Trans, UXIX. 441 The power .. of dephlogisti- 

one common air. 1 Treat bid, Uxxi 212 The 

nitrous acid .. is well known to dephlogi 
rfectly as possible, 2788 Cavenpisn zbid, LX XVIII. 270 
e suppose that the air .. was intirely dephlogisticated. 

2. To relieve of inflammation. (Cf. ANTIPHLO- 
GISTIC 2.) 

1842 Fraser's Mag. XXVI1. 452 The sheriffs .. were fun- 
a lly phieb ised and dephlogisticated by the frag- 
ments of their own swords. 1875 Grikie Life Sir R. Mur- 
chison 1. 142 Given to water-drinking and dephlogisticating. 

Hence Dephlogi‘sticated #//. a. (esp. in dephlo- 
gisticated air, the name given to oxygen by Priest- 
ley, who, on its first discovery, supposed it to be 
ordinary air deprived of phlogiston); Dephlogis- 
ticating, ///. a.; Dephlogi:stica‘tion. 

19775 Priestiey in Phil. Trans. LXV. 387 This species may 
not inp coy d be called, dephlogisticated air. This species 
of air I first — from mercurius calcinatus per se. 
1989 -— ibid. LXXIX. 146 The dephlogisticating principle. 
smn Cavennias ibid, LXX1V. 141 There is the utmost reason 
to think, that dephlogisticated and phlogisticated air (as M. 
Lavoisier and Scheele suppose) are quite distinct substances, 
and not differing only in their degree of phlogistication ; 
and that common air isa mixture of the two. 1791 HAMILTON 
Berthollet’s Dyeing 1.1.1.1. 7 Oxygenated (dephlogisticated) 
muriatic acid. 1794 Suttivan Hew Nat. 11. 86 From the 
greater, or less dephlogistication of the ores, or the stones 
in which it is contained. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon 
(1813) 459 Vegetables .. again in turn, and during the day- 
time, exhale and breathe forth that pure dephlogisticated 
air, so essential to the support of animal existence. 

Dephosphorize ((¢p'sforaiz), v. [Dxr- IT. 1.] 
trans. To deprive of or free from phosphorus. 

1878 Ure Dict. Arts 1V. 451 Without attempting to de- 
phosphorize the ore more completely, 1 Daily News 

1 Dec. 5/4 (This) so effectually dephosphorises the Cleve- 

and ore as to allow it to be manufactured into steel. 

Hence Depho'sphorized ///. a., Depho’sphoriz- 
ing vd/. sb. ; also Dephosphoriza‘tion, the process 
of freeing from phosphorus. 

1878 Rep. Annual Meeting of Iron § Steel Inst., The dephos- 
phorization of iron. 1883 4 thenenum 24 Feb. 253/1 The slag 
obtained in the basic dephosphorizing process. 1885 //arfer's 
Mag. Apr. 819/1 The dephosphorization process, by which 
phosphoric pig-iron can be converted into steel. 

Dephysicalize: see Dr- II. 1. 


+Depi'ct, p//. a. Obs. ie L. dépict-us, pa. 


pple. of dépingére: see next.) Depicted. 

1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 177, 1 fond a lyknesse depict 
upon a wal. 14.. Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. 94 And 
letturs new depicte in every payn. 1598 Stow Surv. xl. 
(1603) 416 Embrodered, or otherwise depict upon them. 

Depict (dipikt), v.  [f. L. dépict-, ppl. stem of 
L. dépingére to represent by painting, portray, de- 
pict, f. De- I. 3 + pzugére to paint: cf. DEPAINT 
and prec. 

(Godefroy has a single example of OF. deficter of 1426: 
but the word is not recorded later, and cannot be sapposed 
to have influenced the formation of the Eng. vb.)] 

1. trans. To draw, figure, or represent in colours; 
to paint; also, in wider sense, to portray, delineate, 
figure anyhow. 

1631 Weever Anc, Fun. Mon. 136 This old Distich, some- 
times depicted vpon the wall at the entrance into the said 
Abbey. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7¥a7. 10 Which Bird I have 
here simply depicted as you see [here is fig.]. 1639 Futter 
Holy War w. xii. (1840) 199 ‘The history of the Bille as 
richly as curiously depicted in needle work. a 1667 Jer. 
Taycor (J.), [They] depicted upon their shields the most 
terrible beasts they could imagine. 1794 Suttivan View 
Nat. II, The solar progress is depicted by the Hindoos, by 
a circle of intertwining serpents. 1867 Lapy Hersert 
Cradle L. iv. 121 The accuracy with which the painter has, 
perhaps unconsciously, depicted the room, 1872 YEATS 
Growth Comm. 33 Victims of the slavedealer as depicted 
on the earliest Egyptian monuments. 

b. ¢ransf. To image, figure, or represent as if 
by painting or drawing. Also fig. 

1817 Br. R. Watson Anecd. II. 401 (R.) Why the man has 
..an idea of figure depicted on the choroides or retina of 
the eye. 1834 Mrs. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. xviii. 
(1849) 176 He .. saw .. a windmill, his own figure, and that 
of a friend, depicted .. on the sea. 1839 G. Biro Nat. 
Philos, 3 membrane, on which the images of objects 
become depicted. a 1870 Loncrettow Birds of Passage 1, 
Discov. North Cape xxi, With doubt and strange surmise 
Depicted in their look. 

2. To represent or portray in words; to describe 
graphically. 

a et Fetrton (J.), When the distractions of a tumult are 
sensibly depicted .. while you read, you seem indeed to see 
them. 1856 Kane Arc. /-xfi. I. xiv. 159 No language can 
depict the chaos at its base. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets ix. 
294 Sophocles aims at depicting the destinies, and Shakspere 
the characters of men. ~ ged ; 

3. To represent, as a painting or picture does. 

1871 Macpurr Alem. Patmos iv. 45 Cartoons .. in bold 
outline depicting the rev and diversified features 
in church life and character. eats Techn. Hist.Comm, 
45 Their oldest depict pinni 

ence Depicted i a., Depi'cting vb/. sb. 

a176a in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 1. 93 
A depicted table of Colonia. 1 Atheneum 14 Mar. 
532/ His .. gay and luminous coloration, and sparkling de- 
picting of light are not obtainable with ink. 

‘cter,-or. [f. Depicr v.+-ER ; the form 
in -or is after Latin.] One who depicts, portrays, 
or sets forth in words, 
oy 4 Locknart Scott, Depicter (F. Hall). 
to Aug., The mournful depicters of Calcutta life. 


Daily Tel. 
1892 A. 


isticate metals as » 


| or garden was depictured on the 


210 
Hamtyn in Atalanta Dec. 165/1 So brilliant a depictor of 
animal life. | 

Depiction (d/pikfan). [ad. L. dépiction-em, 
n. of action from dépingére: see Depict v. (Cf. 
OF. depiction, 1426 in Godef., but not known 
later.)] The action of depicting; painted repre- 
sentation, picture ; graphic description. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 176/2 The true shape and 
depiction of a Bishop in his Pontificals. 1882 A. W. Warp 
Dickens vy. 130 Dickens’ comic genius was never so much at 
its ease .. as in the depiction of such groups as this. | 
E. Foster in Elocutionist Dec. 7/2 Mr. Denbigh ha 
hitherto restricted his art to depictions of the fleshly school. 

Lepictive (d/pi-ktiv), a. [f. L. dépict- ppl. 
stem (see Derricrv.) +-IVE.] Having the function 
or quality of depicting. 

1821 Nezww Monthly Mag. Il. 392 The depictive art and 


power with which it is written. 1892 Watney Max Miller 
40 The signs lost their pictorial or depictive character. 


Depi‘ctment. rare. [f. Dericr v. + -MENT.] 
Pictorial representation ; a painting, a picture. 

1816 Keatince 7 raz. (1817) I. 136 Hung with gay depict- 
ments, in glowing colouring .. of those who have suffered. 
/bid. V1. 76 'Trajan’s Pillar and various depictments give the 
representation. 

Depi‘cture, 5). Ins Sc.-our. [f. L. depict- 
ppl. stem of depfingére see DEPICT v.) + -URE.] 

DepIcTION ; depicting ; painting. 

1500-20 Dunpar ToQueyne of Scottis 14 Ma{i)stres of nurtur 
and of nobilnes, Of ieach depictour princes{s] and patroun. 
1834 Fraser's Mag. X. 118 He is lost in amazement .. to see 
genius employed upon the depicture of such a rascaille 
rabllement! 1882 Nature XXV1.534 The depicture of the 
.. revolution which Darwin has accomplished in the minds 
of men. 

Depicture (d/piktiiu), v. [f. Dr- prefix + 
PicrureE v. (in use from 14th c.); formed under 
the influence of Drprcr fa. pple., and of L. dépin- 
gore, dépictum.) 

1. trans. To represent by a picture ; to portray 
in colours, to paint; also, more widely, to draw, 
figure, or portray; = Dkepict v. 1. 

1593 Rites & Mon. Ch. Durh. (Surtees) 40 The starre .. 
underneth depictured. 1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon, 50 
The glasse-windowes wherein the effigies of .. Saints was 
depictured. 1781 Gippon Decd. & FILL. li. 183 A paradise 
ground, a1847 Mrs. 
Suerwoop Lady of Manor III. xviii. 9 A course of little 
lectures .. on the subjects depictured upon the tiles. ; 

b. To image or figure as ina painting; = Depict 
v. Ub, 

1742 tr. Algarotti on Newton's Theory 1, 106 The Images 
..are depictured upon the Membrane of the Eye. 1849 
Tait's Mag. XVI. 219 The .. tableau depictured itself in- 
delibly upon the mind. 

2. To set forth or portray in words; =DeEpicr 
U2. 

1798 Coteripce Satyrane'’s Lett. iii. in Biog, Lit. (1882) 
268 It tends to make their language more picturesque; it de- 

ictures images better. 1844 Disraett Coningsby i1.v, You 
foes but described my feelings when you depictured your 
own. 1868 Browninc Ring & Bh. vit. 752 Oh! language 
fails, Shrinks from depicturing his punishment. 

To represent, as a picture, figure, image, or 
symbol does; =Depict v. 3. 

1650 Brief Disc. Fut. Hist. Europe 30 The Iron Leggs and 
the Clay ‘Toes depictured the Roman Empire. 1834 Lytton 
eg pat) 133 Features which but one image in the world can 

yet depicture and recall. 1852 J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. 
iXxl I. 151 The Outward expresses, depictures the Inward. 

4. fig. To represent or picture to one’s own mind 
or imagination ; to imagine. 

1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 209 They speedily dress a woman 
with the apparel of either the god, or goddess... as they 
depicture them according to their own dispositions, 1800 
Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam, 11. 213 Chowles was, in his 
eyes, a contemptible object; and, as such, he depictured 
him. 1876 Miss Brappon 7. fe, bind Dau, 1.1. 5 Any 
idea about the Greeks, whom they depictured to themselves 
wey and variously. 

Hence Depi*ctured ///. a., Depi'cturing v/. s/.; 
also Depi‘cturement. 

1850 Mrs. BrowninG Seraphinr, | have beheld the ruined 
things Only in depicturings Of angels sent on earthward 
mission. 1886 J. Payne tr. Boccaccio's Decam. m. vii. 1. 321 
Terrifying the mind of the foolish with clamours and de- 
picturements. 

Le pgmenta tion. [f Dr- II. 1 + Pramenra- 
t10n.} The condition of being deficient or wanting 
in pigment (in the tissues). 

_— I, Taytor Origin of Aryans 42 Here depigmentation 
or albinism is very prevalent. 

De te (depilett), v [f. L. dépilat-, ppl. 
stem of dépilare to pull out the hair, f. De- I. 2 + 
pilus hair, pilare to deprive of hair, Cf. F. dé- 
filer (Paré, 16th c.). (Pa. t. in Se. depilat for 
depilatit.)) 

. To remove the hair from; to make bare of hair. 

1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus m, 29 The hair .. Frahir Father 
throw slicht scho depilat. Tomutnson Nenon's Disp. 
205 Which places they much desire to depilate and glabrify. 
1853 Hickte tr. Aristoph. (1872) 11. 427, 1 aman old woman, 
but depillated with the lamp. - : 

+2. To deprive ofits skin, decorticate, peel. [So 
in Lat.] Obs. rare. 

1620 Venner Via Recta v. go Made of Rice accurately de- 
pilated and boyled in milke. E 

Hence De'pilated, De:pilating f//. adjs. 


DEPLENISH. 


1876 Dunrinc Skin Dis , The ion of the diseased 
hairs [in ¢ixea sycosis], for which purpose a pair of depil 


ing forceps should be used. 

ilation (depilé'-fon). ‘[ad. med. or mod. 
L. déepilation-em, n. of action from dépilare to Dr- 
PILATE. So in F.; in 13th c. defilacton (Hatzf.).] 

1. The action of depriving or stripping of hair ; 
the condition of being void of hair. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health cci. 69 b, ilacion of a mannes 
heare. 1650 Butwer Anthrofomet. iv. 67 [They] pluck off 
all the haire of their Eye-brows, taking great pride .. in that 
unnaturall depilation. 1861 Wricut Ess. Archeol. I. vii. 


131 The practice of depilation prevailed generally among 
the Anglo-Saxon ladies. 1877 Covie & Aten ny Amer. 
Rod. 616 The depilati t bers is not always com. 


plete ; younger specimens .. show .. hairy tail and 
+ 2. The action of meine or pillage. Ods. 

161r Speen Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. x. (1632) 661 Orders for 
brideling their excessive depilations [i.e. of the Pi and 
his agents]. 1687 T. K. Veritas Evang. 37 Yhe Dephations 
of Promoters, and other Under Officers. 

+ Depilative (de'pile'tiv), a. Ods. [f. L. d¥ 

7lat- ppl. stem (see DEPILATE v.) + -IVE. Cf. 
mod.F, dépilatif, -ive (1732 in Hatzf.).] = Dr- 
PILATORY. 

1562 Turner Herbal 11. 168 a, All herbes that are depilatiue 
or burners of hare. 1567 MartetGr. /orest 10 They say it 
is vsed to Oyntments ilatiue. 

i r (de-pilettan\. 
f. L. dépilare to DEPILATE.] 

1. One who deprives of hair; a shaver. 

1836 E. Howarp 2. Reefer lvi, The hungry depilator 
seized the razors. 

2. An instrument for pulling out hairs. 

1889 in Cent. Dict. 

i (d#pi-latari), a. and sb. [f. L. type 
dépilatorius, f. depilat-: see DEPILATE v. and -ORY. 
In F. dépilatoire (Paré 16th c.).] 

A. adj. Having the property of removing hair. 

1601 Hotranp //iny II, Bats bloud hath a depilatorie 
facultie to fetch off haire. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1776) IV. 
59 (Jod.) Elian says that they were depilatory, and. . would 
take cide | the beard. 1835 Kemws Hab. & Inst. Anim. 11. 
xxii. 424 It emits a milky saliva, which is depilatory. 

B. sb. A depilatory agent or substance ; a pre- 
paration to remove (growing) hair. 

1606 HoLtanp Sueton. Annot. 12 A Depilatorie, to k 
haire from growing. 1650 BuLwer Anthropfomet. 129 W 
because he would never have a Beard, used depilatories. 
1830 Linp.ey Nat. Syst. Bot. 76 The juice of its leaves is 
a powerful depilatory ; it destroys hair .. without pain, 

+ Depi'led, #//. a. Ods. [Formed after L. dé- 
pilat-us, ¥. depilé: see DEPILATE v.] Depilated. 

1650 Buwer Anthrofomet. 1. 48 [Shaving is] uncomely, 
because allied unto depiled baldnesse. 

De us (de'pilos), a. [f. assumed L. type 
*dépilos-us: cf. L, dépilts without hair, and pilosus 
hairy.) Deprived or void of hair. 


[agent-n., on L. type, 


1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. m1. xiv, A quadruped cor- 
ticated and depilous. _/é/d. v1. x, How t dogs] of some 
Countries became depilous and without any hair at all. 1822 


T. Taytor Apuleius vit. 156 Striking me with a very thick 
stick, he left me [the ass] entirely depilous. 

Depinct v. Ods.: see Depriner, Dericr. 

+ Depinge (d/pindz), v. Ods. rare. [ad. L. 
dépingére to Devict.] trans. To depict, portray, 
represent by a picture or image. , 

Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 263 That same that Garcias 
depinges in other lineaments. 


ppl. a. Obs. (app.) Stripped of 
and le; 


R. Franck North, Mem, (1821) 112 To bait for trout. . 
I commend the canker .. or, if with a depinged locust, you 
will not lose your labour ; nor will you starve your cause, if 
to strip off the legs of a grasshopper. — 307 Let the Angler 


in, 


then have recourse to. .the depin per. 
Depla‘ce, ~. vare. [a. mod.b. , in OF. 
desp-.| = DISPLACE v. 


. Rocers A ntipopop. xii. § 5 Purgatory deplaces hell. 
(déplane't), a. rare. [ad. L. dé- 
planat-us levelled down, made plain.] 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deplanate, flattened, smoothened. 

+ v. Se. Obs. [f. De- I. 3 + Le 
plan-us plain: cf. de-clare.] To make plain, show 
plainly, declare (to). 

1572 Satir. Poems Reform. xxx. 136 The day is neir; as 
I weill deplane 3ow. 

+ Deplant (d7pla‘nt), v. Ods. f . F, déplant-er 
(16th c. in Littré) to transplant, L. déplantare to 
take off a shoot, also to plant, f. De- I. 1, 2 + plan- 
tére to plant, A/anfa plant.] ‘To transplant’ 
Bailey 1721. (Thence in mod. Dicts.) 

Hence +Deplanta‘tion. [So in mod.F. ¢Littré).] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Deplantation, a taking up Plants, 
(Hence in Battey, Jounson, etc.). 

i ‘Siplenif), v. ff. De- Il. 1 + 
PLENISH (Sc,) to furnish a house, to stock a farm ; 
cf. DISPLENISH, REPLENISH.] 

1. “vans. To deprive (a house) of furniture, or (a 
farm) of stock ; to DISPLENISH. 

1887 Pall Mail G. 9 Mar. 1/t The tenants have sold their 
stock, deplenished their farms. 

2. gen. To empty of its contents: the opposite of 


lenish. 
Sara Tw. round Clock(1861)144 Theirown deplenished 


DEPLETANT. 


Depletant (diplztant), a. and.sb, Med. [E. 
DEPLETE v.: see -ANw!.] 

A. adj. Having the property of depleting (see 
Deprvete v, 2). B. sb. A drug which has this pro- 
perty. ‘ 

1880 Libr. Univ. Know/. VIL. 13 Tonics are often of more 
service [in inflammation] than depletants. 

Deplete (dipl7t), a. [ad. L. dzplét-us emptied 
out, exhausted, pa. pple. of déplere: see next.] 
Depleted, emptied out, exhausted. 

1880 R. Dow.ine Sfort of F. ILI. 205 The brain was 
remarkably deplete of blood. 1885 L. Oxirnanr Ze?. in 
Life (1891) II. xi. 277 Creating openings in the deplete 
organism for access of spirits. 

Leplete (diplit), v. [f L. déplet-, ppl. stem 
of déplére to bring down or undo the fullness of, 
empty out, let blood, f. De- I. 6 + -plére to fill.] 

1. trans. To reduce the fullness of; to deprive of 
contents or supplies ; to empty out, exhaust. 

1859 Saxe Poems, Progress 36 Deplete your pocket and 
relieve your purse. 1880 7 ves 13 Oct. 5/5 ‘he garrison is 
somewhat depleted of troops at the present time. 1884 
Jbid, 8 July 1x The demand for coin..will..help to deplete 
the Bank’s stock of gold. 

2. Med. To empty or relieve the system or 
vessels when overcharged, as by blood-letting or 
purgatives. 

1807 [see DerietinG below]. 1858 Cortanp Dict. Pract. 
Med. 1. 105/2 To deplete the vascular system. 1875 H. C. 
Woop 7herap. (1879) 465 Whenever, in inflammation, it is 
desired to deplete through the bowels. 

Hence Deple‘ted A//. a., Depleting vd/. sd. and 

2. a. 

1807 Med. ¥rul. XVII. 501 Depleting and antiphlogistic 
remedies were continued. 1870 Darly News 29 Nov., ‘To 
fill her depleted magazines. 1885 J/anch. Exam, 29 June 
5/2 The overcrowded village might be even worse to live in 
than the depleted town. 

Deplethoric (d¢,ple‘porik, -pl7pp-rik), a. [f. 
De- II. 3 + Pieruoric.] Characterized by the 
absence of plethora. 

1837 T. Doustepay in Blackw. Mag. X LI. 365 In order to 
remedy this [plethoric state of plants], gardeners and florists 
are accustomed to produce the opposite, or ‘deplethoric 
state’, by artificial means. ‘This they denominate ‘giving 
acheck’. 1882 Pop. Sc. Monthly Nov. 39 Doubleday at- 
tempted to demonstrate that .. the deplethoric state is 
favorable to fertility. 

Depletion (dipl7fan). [ad. L. type *epletion- 
em (perh, used in med, or mod.L.), n. of action 
from déplére, deplét- to DepLern. Cf. mod.F. dé- 
plétion (term of medicine) in Littré. (The cl.L. 
equivalent was déplétiira.)] : 

1. The action of depleting, or condition of being 
depleted; emptying of contents or supplies ; ex- 
haustion. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Depletion, an emptying. 1852 D. 
G. Mircuett Batte Summer 214 With coffers in the last 
stages of depletion. 1889 Spectator 14 Sept., The depletion 
of London to the benefit of other English cities. 

2. Med. The emptying or relieving of over- 
charged vessels of the body ; reduction of plethora 
or congestion by medicinal agency ; bleeding. 

@ 1735 ArsuTunor (J.), Depletion of the vessels gives room 
to the fluid to expand itself. 1803 Med. Frnl. X. 471 The 
mode of treatment .. was depletion, followed by a mercurial 
salivation. 1874 Van Buren’s Dis. Genit. Org. 83 The 
acute symptoms .. yield rapidly to local depletion and seda- 
tives. 1890 7 Yes 1 Sept. 7/2 Some blood letting was neces- 
sary and natural; but apparently it has gone on so long 
that a period of depletion has set in. 

Hence Deple‘tionist, an advocate of depletion. 

1883 Sat. Kev. 14 Apr. 464 Two general views on that 
question [Scotch crofters] .. may be summarized by the two 
words ‘ impletionist ’ and ‘ depletionist ’. 

Depletive (d’piz tiv), a. and sb. Med. [mod. f. 
L. déplét- ppl. stem of déplére to DEPLETE + -IVE. 
Cf. mod.¥F. déplétif (medical term) in Littré.] 

A. adj. Characterized by depletion. B. sd. A 
drug having the property of producing depletion. 

1835 Warpror Bleeding (L.), Depletive treatment is contra- 
indicated .. She had been exhausted by depletives, 1885 
W. Rozerts 7 reat. Urin. Diseases 1. 1. (ed. 4) 410 Active 
depletive measures are indicated. 

' Depletory (</plftari), a. Aved.  [f. as prec. + 

-ory.] Producing depletion, depletive. 

1849 CLaripGe Cold Water Cure 110 Leeching and severe 
depletory measures are decidedly wrong. 1875 H. C. Woop 
Therap. (1879) 535 In the one case depletory medicines are 
indicated, in the other case tonics are no less essential. 

+ Deplication. O0és. rare. 
med.L, déplicare to unfold, f. Du- I. 6 + plicdre 
to fold.] Unfolding, display. 

1 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1. xvi §3 (R.) An un- 
folding and deplication of the inside of this order. 1656 
Biount Glossogr., Deplication, an unfolding. 

Deplorability (d‘ploerabi'liti). vave. [f. next : 
see -Ity.] The quality of being deplorable ; an 
instance of this, a deplorable matter. 

1854 Tait’s Mag. XX1. 167 It does not prevent occasional 
obscurities and deplorabilities. 1856 7¥es 18 Jan. (L.), The 
deplorability of war in general. 

Deplorable (d‘plo-rib’l), a. [mod. f. L. d= 
plorare to DEPLORE: see -BLE. Cf. F. déplorable 
(¢1600 in Hatzf., not in Cotgr. 1611).] 


[n. of action f. © 


211 


1. To be deplored or lamented ; lamentable, very 
sad, grievous, miserable, wretched. Now chiefly 
used of events, conditions, circumstances. 

‘It is sometimes, in a more lax and jocular sense, used for 
contemptible ; br hoon as, deplorable nonsense; deplor- 
adle stupidity’ (Johnson’. 

1612 E. Grimstone (title), Mathieu’s Heroyk Life and 
Deplorable Death of The most Christian King Henry the 
Fourth. 163: Massincer Beleeve as you list w. ii, The 
storie of Your most deplorable fortune. a@1687 Corton 
Pindar. Ode, Beauty (R.)\, He .. does betray A deplorable 
want of sense. 1710 Swirr Zatler No, 230 2 ‘he deplor- 
able Ignorance that... hath reigned among our English 
Writers. 1759 Ropertson //ist, Scotd. 1. 1v. 330 The people 
beheld the deplorable situation of their sovereign with in- 
sensibility. 1860 Tynpa.t Glac. 1. xxii. 160 If climbing 
without guides were to become habitual, deplorable con- 
sequences would. .ensue. ; 

b. Formerly said of persons or things of which 
the state is lamentable or wretched. Ods. 

1642 J. M. Argt.conc. Militia 13 Our deplorable brethren 
and neighbours. 1646 Sir ‘I’. Browne Psend. £/. V1. Vv. 291 
A deplorable and comfortlesse Winter. 1682 Bunyan //oly 
Var 112 ‘Thou pretendest a right to the deplorable town of 
Mansoul. 

+ 2. Given up as hopeless; = DEPLORATE. rare. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Conrpit. vit. 300 That not deplorable 
persons, but such as have strength, be tapped. 

B. as 56. pl. Deplorable ills. 

1830 Scorr Fru, 11. 157 An old fellow, mauled with rheu- 
matism and other deplorables. 

Beplorableness. [f. prec. + -Ness.] The 
state or condition of being deplorable; misery, 
wretchedness. 

1648 Hammonp Sev. x. Wks. 1684 IV. 536 The sadness 
and deplorableness of this estate. 1679 ]. Goopman /’ex/t. 
Pardoned ut, iv, (1713) 321 He..hath known by sad ex- 
perience the deplorableness of that condition. 

Deplorably, adv. [f. as pree.+-Ly2.] Ina 
deplorable manner, or to a deplorable degree; 
lamentably, miserably, wretchedly. 

1653 H. More Alitid. Ath. ui. xiv. (1712) 130 If he be not 
desperately wicked or deplorably miserable. 1782 V. Knox 
“ss. 134(R.) Editions of Greek and Latin classics. .deplorably 
incorrect. 1878 Lecky Lug. i 18/7 C. IL. viii, 452 The 
defences had been so deplorably neglected. 

+ Deplo'rate, a. Obs. [ad. L. deplordat-us be- 
wept, given up as hopeless, pa. pple. of déplorare 
to Deptorr.] Given up as hopeless ; desperate. 

1529 Supplic. to King 46 This deplorate & miserable sorte 
of blynde shepherdes. 1615 Crooxe Body of J/an g2 In 
a deplorate or desperate dropsie. 1691 Baxter Vat.Ch. xiii. 
54 Those that..are not deplorate in Diabolism. 1695 74/7, 
Trans. XIX. 73 Many other Mysteries in Mathematicks, 
which were before held as deplorate. 

Deploration (diploeréi-fon). Now vave. In 
5 -acyon, 6 -atioun. [Ultimately ad. L. déplora- 
ti6n-em, n. of action f. déplorare to DEPLORE; but 
in Caxton and early Sc.’ perh. from French.] 

1. The action of deploring ; lamentation. 

1533 BettenDeEN Livy 1. (1822) 3 The deploratioun of sic 
miseryis. 1582 BentLey Jon, Matrones il. 151 ‘Vhe bitter 
deploration of mine offences. 1627 Br, Hatt Gt. /inpostor 
507 The meditation and deploration of our owne danger and 
misery. 1831 /vaminer 482/2 We cannot run over a tenth 
part of the deplorations that occur, | 

+b. Formerly, a title for elegiac poems or other 
compositions ; a lament. [Soin French. | 

1537 Lynvesay (¢7¢/e), ‘The Deploratioun of the Deith of 
Quene Magdalene. : : 

+2. Deplorable condition, misery. Ods. rare. 

1490 Caxton Lxcydos ii. 16 It sholde be an harde thynge 
..to putte in forgetynge her swete firste lyf and now her 
deploracyon. 

+ Deplorative, «. Ovs.  [f. déplorat-, ppl. 
stem of L. déplorare to DEPLOKE +-1VE.] Charac- 
terized by or expressing deploration. 

1610 Hearey St, Aug. Citie of God vii. xxvi. (1620) 315 
Hermes himself in his deploratiue passage .. doth plainly 
auerre that the Egyptian gods were all déad men. 

Deplore (dipl61), v. Also 6 Sc. deploir. 
[Ultimately ad. L. déplorare to weep bitterly, wail, 
bewail, deplore, give up as lost, f. Dr- I. 3 + plorare 
to weep, bewail. Cf. F. déplorer, in OF. desplorer, 
deplourer, depleurer, It. deplorare,to deplore, bewail 
(Florio). The Eng. was possibly from F. or It.] 

1. trans. To weep for, bewail, lament ; to grieve 
over, regret deeply. 

1567 Satir. Poems is he vii. 75 Quhat duilfull mynde 
mycht dewlie this deploir? rg91 Spenser Raines of Time 
658 He. . left me here his losse for todeplore. 1659 B. Harris 
Parival’s Iron Age 77 He was killed by a Musket bullet. 
He..was much deplored, by the whole Party, 1814 Cary 
Dante's Inf. x1. 44 He..must aye deplore With unavailing 
penitence his crime, 1852 Tennyson Ode Dk. of Wellington 
ii, Where shall we lay the man whom we deplore? 

+b. To tell with grief or lamentation. Ods. 

r6or Suaxs. 7wed, N. ut. i. 174 Neuer more Will I my 
Masters teares to you deplore. 

+e. To shed like tears, ‘weep’. Ods. rave. 

x60r Cuester Love's Mart., Dial.\xv, The Turpentine that 
sweet iuyce doth deplore. 

. intr. To lament, mourn. Now rave or Ods. 

1632 Lirucow 7rav. x. 485 My Muse left to mourne for 
my Liberty, deplored thus: [verses follow]. 1638 Sir T. 
Herpertr 7vav. (ed. 2) 45 Bid him fulfill the ceremoniall law 
of deploring for ten dayes. 1776 Mickie tr. Camoens’ 
Lusiad 262 Along the shore The Halcyons, mindful of their 
fate deplore. 


DEPLUMATED. 


+3. ‘vans. To give up as hopeless, to despair of. 
Obs. rare. 

1559 [see DerLokED 2]. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. x. §7 
‘The physicians .. do make a kind of scruple and religion to 
stay with the patient after the disease is deplored. a1729 
Concreve Poems, 70 Ld. Halifax 29 A true Poetick State 
we had deplor’d. 

Hence Deploring 74/. sd. 
Deplo'ringly adv. 

1s9t Suaxs. 720 Gent. m. ii. 85 To their Instruments 
Tune a deploring dumpe. 1847 Craic, Defloringly. 186: 
Dickens Mut. Fr. ut. xiii, Mr. Fledgeby shook his head de- 
ploringly. x x. Merepity 7rag. Com. xix. (1892) 256 
As little was he the vanished God whom his working people 
hailed deploringly. 

Deplored (d‘ploe-id, -réd), Ap. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED!; rendering L. déflordt-as DEPLORATE.] 

1. Lamented, mourned for. 

+2. Given up as hopeless; desperate; =DE- 
PLORATE. Ods. 

1559 Kennepy Lett. to Willockin Wodr. Soc. Misc.(1844)276 
‘The maist deplorit heretykis quhilk euer wes. 1620 VENNER 
Via Recta Introd. 12 Who with deplored diseases. .resort to 
our Baths, 1655 GuRNALL Cho. in Ariz. xiv. (1669) 300/1 His 
affairs were in such a desperate and deplored condition. 

Hence Deplo'redly a/z., Deplo redness. 

1656 Artif, Handsom. 72 Yo be deploredly old, and 
affectedly young, is not only a great folly, but a grosse 
deformity, 1608-11 Br. Haut A/edit., Love of Christ § 2 
‘The deploredness of our condition did but heighten that 
holy flame. 1675 Brooks Godd. Avy Wks. 1867 V. 201. 


+ Deplo‘rement. Oés. rare. [f. DEPLoRE v. 
+-MENT.] The act of deploring ; lamentation. 

1593 NasHE Chris?’s 7. (1613) 9 O that I did weepe in 
vaine, that your defilements & pollutions gaue mee no true 
cause of deplorement. 1623 Cockeram, Deplorement, weep- 
ing, lamenting. 

Deplorer (iplora.). 
One who deplores. 

1687 Boye JJartyrd. Theodora xi. (1703) 167 All the 
other spectators of her sufferings, were deplorers of them too. 

Deploy’, 5. J/7. [f. Dertoy v. Cf. OF. 
desplot, -floy, Diseuay.] ‘The action or evolution 
of deploying. 

1796 /ustr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 126 From this situation 
of the flank march, it is that every regiment is required to 
begin the deploy, when forming in line with others. 1870 
tr. Arckmann-Chatrian's Waterloo 245 When they began 
to talk of the distance of the deploys. 

Deploy (diploi), v. [a. F. dployer, in OF. 
desployer, orig. despleter :—L. displicire (in late and 
med...) to unfold. In its AFr. form regularly 
adopted in ME. as desplay, DisvLay. Caxton used 
the forms defloye, dysploye after Parisian Fr., but 
the actual adoption of def/oy in a specific sense 
took place in the end of the 18th c.] 

+1. (in Caxton) trans. To unfold, display. Ods. 

€1477 CAxToNn Yason 112 Anon they deployed their saylle. 
1490 — Lncydos xxvii. 96'l'o sprede and dysploye the sayles. 

2. Mil. a. trans. To spread out (troops) so as 
to form a more extended line of small depth. 

1786 Progress of Warin Lurop. Mag. 1X. 184 His columns 
.. are with ease and order-soon deploy’d. 1818 Topp, De- 
ploy, a military word of modern times, hardly wanted in our 
language ; for it is, literally, to d#sf/ay. A column of troops 
is deployed, when the divisions spread wide, or open out. 
1863 Life in the South II. i, 11 Other companies were de- 
ployed along the stream. 

fig. ¢ 1829 LANpor Ils. (1868) II. 206/2 But now deploy 
your throats, and cry, rascals, cry ‘Vive la Reine’. 1865 
M. Arnoip Ess. Crit. ii. (1875) 97 An English poet deploying 
all the forces of his genius. 

b. intr. Of a body of troops: To open out so 
as to form a more extended front or line. Also fg. 

1796 lustr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 117 Before the close 
column deploys, its head division must be on the line into 
which it is to extend. 1799 WeL.incron in Gurw. Desf. 
I. 22 The right wing, having deployed into line, began to 
advance. 1870 DisraEti Lothair lviil. 309 The main columns 
of the infantry began to deploy from the heights. 

Jig. 1848 Dickens Dombey v, Mrs. Chick was constantly 
deploying into the centre aisle to send out messages by the 
pew-opener. 1873 Geikie Gt. /ce Age xix. 249 None of these 
[glaciers] ever got out from the mountain valleys to deploy 
upon the low-grounds. 

Hence Deployed Af/. a., Deploying vé/. sé. 
and ff/. a. 

1851 Mayne Reiw Scalp Hunt. xxxviii. 292 They behold 
the deploying of the line. 1863 Kinciakr Crimea I. 216 
Able to show a deployed front to the enemy. 

Deploy‘ment. 4/7. [ad. F. dploiement (1798 
in Dect. Acad.), f. déployer: see DEPLOY v., and 
-MENT.] The action of deploying; = DEpLoy sé. 

1796 lustr. § Reg. Cavalry (1813) 117 The close column of 
the regiment forms in line, on its front, on its rear, or on any 
central division, by the deployment or flank march by three’s, 
and by which it successively uncovers and extends its several 
divisions, 1868 Kinciakxe Crimea (ed. 6) III. i. 38 Those divi- 
sions were halted, and their deployment immediately began. 

Deplumate (déplidm¢t), a. [ad. med.L. dé- 
plimat-us, pa. pple. of dépliimare to DEPLUME.] 
Stripped of feathers, deplumed. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deplumate, without, or having lost, 
its feathers. 

Deplu'mated, #//. a. [-ED1!.] =prec. 

1727 Baiwey vol. Il, Deplumated, having the Feathers 
taken off. 1819 G, S. Faber Déspens. (1823) I. 424 Shut 
up in the prison of gross flesh, with deplumated wings and 
scanty opportunities. .the soul is compelled re toil. 

27*-2 


and ffl. a.; also 


[f. as prec, + -ER!.] 


DEPLUMATION. 


Deplumation (diplivméfon). [a. F. déplum- _ De 


ation (Cotgr. 1611), n. of action from dép/umer to 
Dertums.}] The action of depluming, or condition 
of being deplumed : loss of feathers, plumes, or fig. 
of honours, etc.° 

(In quot. 1834 humorously for ‘ plucking’ in examination.) 

1611 Cotcr., Deplumation, a B mann Mh pluming, vn- 
feathering. 1662 R. W[avpeEn] (¢é¢/e), The Deplumation of 
Mrs. Anne Gibbs, of those furtivous perfections whereof.she 
was supposed a Proprietary. 1662 StituincrL. Orig. Sacr. 
ul. iii, § 15 (ed. 3) 512 Through the violence of her moulting 
ordeplumation. 1827 G.S. Faser Sacred Cal. Le hast 
II. 34 Notwithstanding the downfall produced by this de- 
plumation, it (the first Wild-Beast] afterward became erect 
upon its feet, like a man. 1834 Oc, Univ. Mag. 1. 289 Lest 
..we recall to painful remembrance the forgotten miseries 
of deplumation. 

| Lath. (See quots.) 

1706 Puituips (ed. Kersey), Deplumation ..in Surgery, a 
swelling of the Eyelids, accompany’d with the fall of the 
Hairs from the Eye-brows. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Depluma- 
tion. .old term for a disease of the eyelids which causes the 
eyelashes to fall off (Gr. rréAwors). 

Deplume (d/pli#m), v.  [ad. F. déplumer (in 
OF. desplumer), or med.L. deplimare, f. De- 1. 6 
+L. plima feather.] 

1. trans. To strip of feathers; to pluck the feathers 
off. 

c1420 Pallad. on /1usb. 1.698 Twies a yere deplumed may 
thai be. 1575 Tursery. Maulconrie 310 Ye must cast your 
hawke handsomly, and deplume hir head behinde .. and 
anoynt it with butter and swynes bloud. 1651 N. Bacon 
Disc. Govt. Eng. WW. Xxx. (1739) 141 Thus was the Roman 
Eagle deplumed, every Bird had its own Feather. 1651-3 
Jer. TayLor Serm. for Year 1. xv. 188 Such a person is like 
Homers bird, deplumes himselfe to feather all the naked 
callows that he sees. 1774 PENNANT Tour Scot. in 1772, 237 
From the circumstance of its depluming its breast. 1847 
Gosse Birds of Famaica 293 [The pigeons] are. .deplumed 
and drawn. .before they are sent to market. 

b. To strip off (feathers . vare. 

1599 Broughton's Lett, viii. 28 There are that will .. de- 
plume your borrowed feathers. 

e. transf. ‘To pluck or cut off hair from. rare. 

1775 Avair Amer. /nd. 6 Holding this Indian razor be- 
tween their fore-finger and thumb, they deplume themselves, 
after the manner of the Jewish novitiate priests. 

2. fy. To strip or deprive of honour, ornament, 
wealth, or the like. 

[1567 Drant Horace E/fist. u. ii. H ij, Thence lighted I in 
Thessalie of fethers then deplumde.] 1651 /'udler’s Abel 
Rediv., Andrewes (1867) II. 174 (The bishopric] of Ely 
(before it was so much deplumed). a 1661 Futter Worthies i. 
(1662) 168 This Scotish Demster is an arrant rook, depluming 
England, Ireland and Wales, of famous Writers, meerly to 
feather his own Country therewith. 1779 Gipson A/isc. IWhks. 
(1814) IV. 588 His favourite amusement of depluming me. 
1883 L. Wincrietp A. Rowe I. xi. 258 [They] kept gaming- 
tables.. where the unwary were speedily deplumed. 

Hence Deplu'med ///. a., Deplu'ming vé/. 56. 

1638 Suirtey Mart. Soldier un. iv. in Bullen O. P?/. 1. 219 
The live taile of a deplum[e]d Henne. 1655 Futter Ch. 
Hist. v. iii. § 63 Vhus on the depluming of the Pope every 
bird had his own feather. 1793 Nesidence in France (1797) 
I. 170 A fowl .. dressed without any other preparation than 
that of depluming. 1890 H. A. Hazen in Scéence 23 May 
313/2 The most singular fact is that the fowl lives under the 
depluming process [in a tornado]. 

Depnes, obs. form of DEEPNEss. 

Depoeticize dipojetisaiz, v. [Dr- II. 1.] 
trans. To deprive of what is poetic; to render 
prosaic. 

1813 Examiner 10 May 300/1 Pope’s villa. .still survives... 
though much depoeticized with improvements. 1887 7emple 
Bar Mag. Sept. 73 Depressing and stale reflections upon the 
depoeticising influence of humanity. 

De tize (d/pou étaiz), v. [De- II. 1.] trans. 
To deprive of the character of a poet; also, to 
deprive of poetic character; =prec. 

1865 Pall Mall G. No. 192. 4/2 The presence of cottages. . 
depoetizes the scene. 1886 Atheneum 24 July 117 Such 
writing is a relief after reading the men of the decadence, 
the pessimists who endeavour to depoetize life for us. 

Depois, obs. Sc. form of DEpose. 

Depolarize (dépawlarsiz), v. [Dr- II. 1.] 
trans. To deprive of polarity ; to reverse or destroy 
the effect of polarization. 

a. Optics. To change the direction of polarization 
of (a polarized ray) so that it is no longer arrested 
by the analyzer in a polariscope. 

_ 1819 Edin. Rev. XXXII. 180 The light becomes depolar- 
ised. J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 76 The 
interposition of the mica must have depolarized the ray. 

b. Llectr. and Magn. To deprive of polarity. 
Also jig. 

1860 O. W. Homes Prof Break/-t. i, To depolarize eve 
fixed religious idea in the mind by changing the word whic! 
stands for it. 1866 E. Horxins in Atheneum 22 Sept. 369/3 


ips iron is hard, and requires to be depolarized like a stee 
Hence Depo'larized ///. a., Depo‘larizing vi/. 
sb. and ffl. a. Also Depolariza‘tion, the action 


or process of depolarizing. 
1815 Brewster in Phil. Trans. 20 (title) Experiments on 


212 


i (dépélaraizar). [-ER!.] That 
which depolarizes ; an instrument or apparatus for 


- producing depolarization. 


1846 Joyce Sei. Dial. xxiii. 336 In this case the thin film 
is called a depolarizer. 1894 Daily News 22 May 5/2 Voltaic 
combinations with a fused clectrolyte and a gaseous de- 


polariser. 

pepo (d/pe lif), v. [f. De- I. 1 + Potisn, 
after F. dépolir, dépoliss-ant (in Furetiére, 1690).] 
trans. To remove the polish from, deprive of polish. 
Hence Depo'lished £f/. a. 

1873 Tynvat Fragm. Sc. 1. vii. Niagara, Glass may be 
depolished by the impact of fine shot. 1875 Ure Dict. Aris 
Il. 639 s.v. Gilding, The surface [prepared for gilding] 
should now appear somewhat depolished ; for when it is very 
smooth, the gold does not adhere so well. 1 Public 
Opinion 5 Sept. 305/1 A depolished bow! with cut facets. 

Depoliticalize: see Dr- Il. 1. 

+ Depolition. Obs. rave—°. [ad. L. dépoli- 
tion-em, n. of action from dépolire to polish off.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Depolition, a polishing, perfecting, 
or finishing. 

Depone (d/po'n), v. Chiefly Sc. [ad. L. dé- 
poncre to lay away or aside, to lay down, put 
down, depose, deposit; in med.L. to testify (Du 
Cange) ; f. De- I. 1, 2+fdnére to put, place; cf. 
Devose v.] 

+1. “vans. To lay down (a burden, an office) ; 
to deposit. Ods. 

1533 Bertenpen Livy iv. (1822) 357 He had causit the 
maister of chevelry to depone his office. Foorp in 
M. P. Brown Supfi. Dec. 1. 394 (Jam.) Who had deponed 
his money in David his hand. a 1843 Soutney /uscriptions 
xli, The obedient element Sifts or depones its burthen. 

+2. To remove from office ; = DEPOSE v. 3. Ods. 

1533 BeLtienpen Livy u. (1822) 106 Gif he .. had deponit 
ony of the kingis afore rehersit fra thair empire and king- 
dome. 

3. To state or declare upon oath: to DEPOSE. 

a. with simple object; also t to depone an oath (serment). 

1549 Compl, Scot. xv. 136 lunius brutus gart them depone 
ane serment that thai suld al concur. 1637-50 Row //ist. 
Kirk (1842) 26 He himself hes confessed all that they de- 
poned, 1834 H. Minter Scenes & Leg. xxi. (1857) 312 Any 
thing they could have to depone anent the spulzie. 

b. with clause. 

1600 Gowrie's Couspir. in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 198 
Andrew Hendersoun .. Depones, that the earle enquyred of 
him what he would be doing vppon the morrow. 1681 
Gianvitt Sadducismus 11. 297 Andr. Martin Servitour to 
the Lord of Pollock .. Depones, that he was present in the 
house. 1830 Scott Demzonol. viii. 265 Who deponed that he 
saw a cat jump into the accused person's cottage window. 


1842 Barna /ngol. Leg., Dead Drummer, One Mr. Jones | 


Comes forth and depones ‘That fifteen years since he had 
heard certain groans. 

4. intr. To declare upon oath; to testify, bear 
testimony. Also fig. 

1640 R. Baitiie Canterd. Self-Convict. 34 Two witnesses 
.. deponing before all England to King Tames: 1680 G. 
Hickes Spirit of Popery 26 Prosecuted for not deponeing 
in the matter of Field-Meetings. 1793 7 rialof Fyshe Palmer 
66 He was the more difficulted to depone to the letter, as, etc. 
1835 Atison /ist. Europe (1849-50) III. xiv. § 30. 164 He 
could not depone to one fact against the accused. 

Jig. 1833 CHatmers Bridgewater Treat. 1. i.61 This fact 
or phenomenon .. depones strongly both for a God and for 
the supreme righteousness of his nature. 1856 Ferrier /nst. 
Metaph. 414 We cannot be ignorant of what is deponed to 
in the opposites of the axiom. 

Deponent (d/panént), a. and sb. [ad. L d- 
ponent-em, pr. pple. of deponére (see prec.), spec. 
used by the late L. grammarians as in sense i 

A. adj. Gram. Of verbs: Passive or middle in 
form but active in meaning: originally a term of 
Latin Grammar, 

Both form and meaning were a reflexive (e. g. u/or 
I serve myself, /rvor I delight myself, preficiscor I put 
myself forward, etc.), as in the Middle Voice in Greek; as, 
however, in ordinary verbs the reflexive form had become a 
ss in Latin, these verbs were erroneously regarded as 

aving /aid aside or dropped a passive meaning, whence 
the name. In reality, what was laid aside, or lost sight of, 
was ry eon ip —. [ — 

Bg ‘InDALE Obed. Chr. Man (1573) 130 [He] maketh a 
wate ive of a verbe deponent. 1669 Mitrox Accedence 
Wks. i847) 467/1 Of verbs deponent come participles both 
ofthe active and passive form, 1859 DonaLpson Grké. Grame. 
§ 433 A deponent verb is one which though exclusively pas- 
sive or middle in its inflexions, has so entirely de a or 
laid aside its original meaning, that it is used in al P 


DEPOPULATE. 


Haut Chron. Hen, VIII, an. 6 (R.), The. de- 
= sayeth, that on Saturda’ dw Nia choneeer 


. he . 
pryson. 1621 Exsinc Daieta Ha Lords (Camden) 141 ‘ 
said Jarvis U. told this d s would pal i: 
deponent's flesh from his jawes if he wold not be 


to theire wills. 1713 Swirt Poems, Cadenus & V.68 Witness 
ready to attest .. ev'ry article was true; Nor furt 
those d ts knew. 1803 WetiNcton in Gurw. 
II. 493 These depositions do not one word of 

i from the service. 


pting that the dep 
Lecky Lng. in 18th C. Il. vi. 165 Dean Jones himself was 


the deponent. ® * 
+Deponer. ds. [f. Derone v.+-ER1.] One 
aw = DEPONENT sé. 2. 


who depones: in Sc, 
1600 Sc. Acts Fas. VJ (1814) 203 (Jam.) The Duik of Lennox 


F 


. .deponis, that. .this deponar for the tyme being in Falkland 
..he saw maister Alexander Ruthven [etc.]. State 
Trials, Ld, Balmerino 7 June, Before he had e it,he * 


sayd to the deponer, Mr. John, I entreat eg [etc.]. 1788 
. Loutnian Form of Process ‘ed. 2) 107 That the Pannel’s 
resence may over-aw the Deponer. 

+ Deponible, z. Os. rare—°. [f. L. type 
*déponibilis, {. déponére: see Derone and -BLE.] 
Capable of being deposed (from office, etc.). 
Hence + Depo:nibi'lity. Obs. rare. 

1635 T. Preston Let. in Foley Eng. Province Soc. Fesus 
1.1. 257 They intend at Rome .. that deponibility, which is 
the _ chief thing denied in the oath, must not be meddled 
withal. 

+Deponi-tion. Sc. Ods. rare. = DEPOSITION 5. 

1492 Act. Dom. Conc. 284 (Jam.) The deponitiouns of the 
witnes now takin. 

Depoost: see DEpost. 


+ Depo‘pulacy. Oés. [f. DeroruLate f//. a. 
(see -acy): cf. degeneracy.] Depopulated condition. 
16.. Cuarman Batrachom. 405 O Jove, neither She nor I.. 
can keep depopulacy From off the Frogs! 
popularize (dip pivlaraiz), v. [f. De- I. 
1 + PopuLarize v.] trans. To deprive of popu- 
larity, render unpopular. 

1834 Blackw. Mag. XXXVI. 227 Not to d ize a 
new-born power pag pera, to strengthen itself. 1849 
Grote Greece 11. 1xxii. (1862) VI. 365 But Sparta had not yet 
become depopularized. ss § Daily News 3 Le 4 5/7 There 
is nothing that tends so much to depopularise a Minister. 


Depopulate, ///. a. [ad. L. depopulat-us, pa. 
pple. of dépopulare (-dr7), in its med.L. sense.] 
Laid waste ; deprived (wholly or partly) of inhabit- 
ants. Used +a. as fa. pple. in which use it was at 
length superseded by depopulated; . as adj. now 
arch, or poet. 

a. 1531 Eyor Gov. 1. ii, The kynge of Mede had de- 
populate the countrey. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 377 
By spoil of Wars depopulate, destroyed and disgrast. 

b 1622 F. Markuam B&, War ut. iv.94 [A] ntry that 
is poore and wasted or barren or depopulate. 1737 N. CLarke 
Hist. Bible 11. (1740) 127 Locusts, which left the earth as 
naked and depopulate. 1818 Suettey Lines Enganean Hills 
127 When the sea-mew Flies, as once before it flew, O’er 
thine isles depopulate. 1855 Cuamier My Trav, III. ii. 51 
The people. .are half starved, badly clothed, and depopulate. 

Depopulate (d/pp'pisle't), v. _ [f. ppl. stem of 
L. dzpopulare (usually deponent -drz) to lay waste, 
ravage, pillage, spoil ; f. De- I. 3 + popudare (-art) 
to lay waste, ravage, spoil (f. popu/us people), Zit. 
to spread or pour in a multitude over (a region) ; 
but in med.L. to spoil of people, depopulate, in 
sense associated with the Romanic parallel form 


*dispopulare, whence It. despopolare new ete 
Sp. despoblar, Pr. despovoar, OF. des-, de-peupler, 
now dépeupler, English DisPEoPLE, DEPEOPLE. 
+1. “rans. To ravage, plunder, lay waste. -Oés. 
1548 Haut Chron. 56 He set furth toward Caen.. 
latyng the countrey, & destroiyng the villages. 1622 
Hen, VII (J.), He turned his arms upon unarmed and 
rovided people, to spoil only and e. G. 
FrevGanate in Lismore Papers Ser, u. (1888) 1V. The 
enemy..robbed..my servants and Depopulated my Ss. 
1670 bist ron Hist. Eng. vi. Ethelred, He .. enter’d into 
Mercia. . ing all places in their way. 4 
2. To deprive wholly or ee of inhabitants ; 
to reduce the population of. 


1594 Privy Council in Arb. Garner I. 301 Many towns and 


villages upon the sea coasts are..wonderfully decayed, and 

some et, de a ” Sse — Mt. i, 264. 

ik T. Hervert 7rav. 21 i a y depopu- 

esti from her panies, by —— from the ish 

King. 1690 City Disc. Trade (1694) 50 The late e, 

which did much de; late this Kingdom. 1777 WATSON 
the maritime 


Philip 11 (3839) 


like a transitive or neuter verb of the active form. 1871 
Goopwin Grk. Gram. (1882) 80 Deponent verbs are those 
which have no active voice, but are used in or 
passive a with an active sense. 

» SO. 

1. A deponent verb. 

1530 Parser. Introd. 34 All such verbes as be used in the 
latin tong, lyke neuters or deponentes. 1612 Brinstey /’es. 
Parts (1660) 36 Are Dep and declined like 
Passives? ¢1790 Cowrer Comment. on P. L. ii. 506 Wks. 
(1837) XV. 320 The verb dissofve in the common use of it is 
either active or passive, and we should say, either that the 
council dissolved itsel/, or that it was dissolved; but Milton 


the Depolarization of Light. 1818 Wuewe t in Todh 


here uses it as adeponent. 1871 Goopwin Grk. Gram. ( se 
lly have the aorist and future of the 


Ace. W.'s Wks, (1876) 1. 31 ‘The neutral and depolarizing 
axes. 1860 O. W. Hotmes Prof. Break/.-t. i, Scepticism is 
afraid to trust its truths in depolarized words. 1871 B. 
Stewart //eat § 193 Forbes was able to prove the circular 
polarization and depolarization of heat. 


it 
middie form. 
2. One who deposes or makes a deposition under 
oath ; one who gives written testimony to be used 
as evidence in a court of justice or for oth 


er purpose. 


‘a 3 measure, depopulated Europe of its bravest forces. 


5 . I 
onetsutne and depopulated of both ye hoses. 1611 Car 


271 Depopulati: 
vy exp n of h . a . ~ a Whs. me I 
3390/1 The pestilence which depopulated the cities ly 
and ravaged the whole of Europe. 


b. ¢transf. and Jf, : ie 
T Fe 3 ts ) Lions ail 
1607 Torset. /our-/. Beas: yp r[ “ — pod 


valleys were. . 
Ser. pre | i 
Mouths .. and take as much for drawing out an Old Tooth, 


etc.); to thin. Obs. 


3 soldier-loving Atreus’ son .. 


Hiad 
lating troops of men. 1798R. P. Tour in Wales 


lating troops of 24 MS.) 


DEPOPULATION. 


The modern spirit of depopulating trees having here left a 
gloomy house on a shaven lawn, 
-4. inir. To become less populous. 

In the first two Soaps prob. for was a-depopulating = was 
being depopulated. a 5 

{176x Hume Hist. Eng. I. App. iii. 521 The kingdom was 
depopulating from the increase of enclosures. 1770 GoLps. 
Des. Vill. Ded., An inquiry whether the country be de- 
populating or not.] 1882 Stevenson Stud. Men § Bhs. 195 
Our Henry Sixth made his Joyous Entry dismally enough 
into disaffected and depopulating Paris. 

+ 5. trans. ‘Yo destroy, cut off. Obs. 

1576 Baker Yewell of Health 215 With this licour may you 
depopulate or cut of anymember. 1650 Butwer 4 nthropo- 
met. 131 With Depilatories burn up and depopulate the 
Genital matter thereof. 

Hence Depo‘pulated, Depo'pulating, AA/. ad/s. 

1623 SANDERSON Servz, (1637) 143 In these hard and de- 
populating times. 1632 Litucow 77av. x. 450 In that narrow 
depopulated street. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. i. 84 
‘The Kings Popish depopulating Cavaleers. 1674 R. Goprrry 
Inj. & Ab. Physic 7 A depopulating Plague. 1799 J. Ropert- 
son Agric. Perth 419 A depopulated, neglected, mountainous 
country. 1821 Z.xaminer 1 Apr. 206/2 A depopulating war 
was scattering its horrors throughout all Europe. 
Hamerton /nted/. Life xu. iii. 448 The depopulated deserts 
of Breadalbane. 

Depopulation (d/pppirlé-fon). Also 5 
-acion. [ad. L. dépopulation-em, n. of action trom 
dipopulare (-drt). In ancient L. used in sense 
‘devastation, pillaging’; so in French in 1500 
(Hatzf.}. . The modern sense in Fr. and Eng. fol- 
lows that of DreporuLatE.] The action of de- 
populating ; depopulated condition. 

+1. Laying waste, devastation, ravaging, pillaging. 

Often including the destruction of Jeof/e, and so gradually 
passing into 2. 

1462 Epw. IV in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. I. 127 Warre, 
depopulacion, robberye, and manslawghtar. 1543-4 Act 35 
Hen. VII/,c. 12 The same Scottes.make. .incurses, inua- 
sions, spoyles, burnynges, murders, wastinges and depopula- 
tions in this his realme. 1655 FuLLER //7st. Caszb. (1840) 237 
The Jewish law provided against the depopulation of birds’ 
nests. 1665 MANLEY Grotius’ Low C. Warres 68 Committing 
Rapes, Murthers, and daily depopulations. 1670 Mitton 
Hist. Eng. w. Wks. (1851) 188 The Danes .. infested those 
parts with wide depopulation. 1741 J. Lawry in Athenian 
Lett. (1792) I1. 44 Amidst tumults, depopulations, and the 
alarms oe war. 1816 Byron Ch. Hav. m1. xx, In vain years 
Of death, depopulation, bondage, fears, Have all been borne. 

2. Reduction of population; depriving of in- 
habitants ; unpeopling. In 17th c. esf. the clear- 
ance of the peasantry from their estates by the 
land-owners. 

¢1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. v, Yo the grete 
abatynge of his revenues and depopolacion of his reaume. 
1611 SpeeD /Zist. Gt. Brit. u. liv. § 12.189 For the depopu- 
lation of the Iland. 1619 Jer. Dyke Counterpoyson (1620) 
27 Extortion, inclosures, depopulations, sacriledge, impropri- 
ations. 1642 Futer /oly & Prof. St. 1. xiii. 100 He detests 
and abhorres all inclosure with depopulation. 1765 GotpsM. 
Trav. 402 Have we not seen ..Opulence, her grandeur to 
maintain, Lead stern Depopulation in her train. 1892 Daily 
News 7 Nov. 6/t  Kochag The depopulation panic and the 
necessity of keeping up big armies. 1893 G. B. Loncstarr 
Rural Depoputlation 1 ‘Depopulation’ is often very vaguely 
employed, but here it will be used as denoting a diminution 
in the number of the inhabitants of a district, as compared 
with those enumerated at a preceding census, 

b. The condition of being depopulated or de- 
prived of inhabitants. 

1697 Drypen Virgil (1721) I. 37 Eighteen other Colonies, 
pleading Poverty and Depopulation, refus’d to contribute 
Mony. 1721 De Fore Mem. Cavalier (1840) 188 There never 
was seen that ruin and depopulation .. which I have seen 
.. abroad. 1816 Keatince 77av. (1817) I. 85 Castile and 
Arragon realize what strangers are told concerning Spain. 
Denudation, depopulation, and desiccation reign throughout 
them, 1827 Soutuey Hist. Penins. War 11. 339 The fright- 
ful silence of depopulation prevails. 

Depo'pulative, a. [f. L. dépopulat- ppl. stem 
+-IVE.] Tending to depopulation. 

. 1861 J. M. Luptow in Macm. Mag. June 170 The evidence 
--goes to show that American slavery is essentially wasteful 
and depopulative, 

Depopulator (dipp'pisle'tar). [a. L. dépopu- 
Jator spoiler, marauder, pillager, agent-n. from 
depopulare (-ari).] 

+1. A waster, spoiler, devastator. Ods. 

©1440 LypG. Secrees 30 Callyd prodigus which is nat honour- 
able, Depopulator A wastour nat tretable. 1607 Torset 
FourS, Beasts Pref., Bestia, i. a vastando, for that they were 
wilde and depopulators of other their associates. 1610 Hot- 

LAND Camden's Brit. 1. 427 Those wastfull depopulators did 
what they could. .many a time to winne it by siege. 

2. One who depopulates a district or country. 
In 17th c. esf. one who cleared off the rural popu- 
lation from his estates. 

1623 T. Scor Highways of God & K.77 The Depopulator 
..to inhanse his Rents, puls downe all a petty Tenements 
and Farmes, and will haue none dwell neere him. 1626 in 
Rushw. Hist. Coll, (1659) I. Be Covetous Landlords, In- 
closers, Depopulators. 1642 Futter Holy State 237 (T. 
Our puny depopulators allege for their doings the king's an 
country’s good. ee Mattuus Popul. 11. ii. (1806) I. 339 
Wars, plagues or that greater depopulator than either, a 
tyrannical government. 1827 Scotr Nafoleon Introd., 
Collot d’Herbois, the demolisher and di or of Lyons. 


De centers, a. rare. [f. ‘as prec. : see 
-ORY. aracterized by or tending to depopulation. 


1864 G, A. Sata in Daily Tel. 29 Sept., The Richmond 
Sentinel calls the depopulatory decree ‘an event un- 


1875 ~ 


| 
{ 
| 
| 


2138 


paralleled in the American war’..‘Sherman’, it continues, 
‘has given the war a new feature’, 

+ Deport, 54. Obs. [a. OF. deport, desport, 
bodily manner of being, joyous manifestation, di- 
version, pleasure, in mod.}. défort action of de- 
porting oneself; f. deforter, desporter, mod.}. 
ages to Drport.] 

. Joy, pleasure; = Disport. 

©1477 Caxton Fason 33, Alas 7 dere lady all good and 
honour cometh of you, and ye be all my deport and fortune. 

2. Pehaviour, bearing, deportment. 

(The Caxton quotation doubtfully belongs here.) 

1474 Caxton Chesse 1. ii. B vb, Whan thys emperours sone 
had seen and advertysed her deportes, her countenaunce, 
her manere, and her beaulte, he was alle ravysshed and 
esprysed with her loue forthwyth. 1665 J. Spencer Vaudg. 
Prophecies 22 A Doctrine, which the deport of the Soul, 
while a prisoner to its own house, seems a little to encourage. 
1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 389 But Delia’s self In gate [she] 
surpass’d and Goddess-like deport. 1716 Cisner Love 
Makes Man w. i, He seem’d, by his Deport, of France, or 
England. 1740 Somervitie //odbinol ut. 172 Her superior 
Mien, And Goddess-like Deport. x 

Deport (dépoest), v. [In branch I, a. OF. de- 
porter (mod.F, dé-), f. de- (Dr- I. 1 or 3) + porter 
to carry. In branch IT = mod.F. déportes (1798 
in Dict. Acad.), ad. L. déportare to carry off, con- 
vey away, transport, banish, f. De- J. 2 + portare 
to carry. The two branches are treated by Dar- 
mesteter as historically distinct words in French.] 

I. +1. trans. To bear with, to be forbearing to- 
wards ; to treat with consideration, to spare. Ods. 

1474 Caxton Chesse u,v. Dv, Saynt Austyn de ciuitate 
dei sayth thus; Thou emperour .. deporte and forbere thy 
subgettis. 1481 —- God/rey 18 That ye deporte and honoure 
my poure lygnage. . : 

42. vefl. To abstain, refrain, forbear. Obs. 

1477 Caxton Yason 14b, 1 me deporte from hensforth 
for to speke ony more of this mater. 1483 — G de da Tour 
Niij b, [1] myght wel haue deported my self of takyng of 
thoffyce. 1613 7 rvas. Aunc.& Mod. Times 698/1'To deport 
himselfe from any further mollestation of the Christians. 

+ b. adsol. in same sense. Cds. 

€1477 Caxton Jason 67, I shall deporte and tarye for this 
present tyme to speke of the faytes of Jason. 1489 — May'tes 
of A. 1.4. 9 To deporte and forbere tempryse warre. 

+ 3. trans. ? To raise, lift up. Ods. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 33/2 Synge ye to hym in deportyng 
your voys [ psallite ei in vociferatione). 

4. refl. To bear or conduct oneself (with reference 
to manner) ; to behave; =CoMPorT v. 3. 

1598 Barret 7heor. Warres 1. ii. 11 He shall deporte him- 
selfe neither cruell nor couetous. a@ 1661 Futter HWorthies 
11. (1662) 239 He so prudently deported himself, that he soon 
gained the favour and esteem of the whole Court. 1741 


Ricnarpson Pamela (1742) 1V. 62 How to deport myself | 


with that modest Freedom and Ease. 1840 Gen. P. ‘THomp- 
son Exerc. (1842) V. 38 They always deported themselves 
like gentlemen. 1885 Law 77mes 30 May 83/2 Throughout 
his career he has deported himself as became The Mac- 
dermot. 

+b. absol. To behave. Obs. rare. 

1667 WatrerHouse Fire Lond. 113 Mercy abused and in- 
gratefully deported to. 

II. 5. trans. To carry away, carry off, remove, 
transport ; esf. to remove into exile, to banish. 

a 1641 Br. Mounracu Acts & Aon. (1642) 331 Archelaus. 
was..deposed and deported to Vienna. 1 Edin, Rev, 
Apr. 237 ‘Trongon Ducoudray..was deported to peyenies 
1856 Grore Greece uu. xcv. XII. 377 To.. punish this 
sentiment by disfranchising or deporting two thirds of the 
citizens. 1886 Manch. Exam. 8 Jan. 6/1 Brushing the snow 
and slush into little mounds, from which it was easily col- 
lected into carts and deported to the Thames. 

Henge Deported f//. a., carried into exile. 

@ 1632 Sir D. Carteton in Cadéédala (R.), Better dealing 
then was used to the deported House of Saxe. 1880 K. 
Jounston Lond. Geog. 88 A very small military force, chiefly 
of deported convicts. 

+De-porrt, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. De- II. 2 + 
Port sb.] trans. To deprive of the character of 
a port ; to make no longer a port ; to dis-port. 

1691 Bevertey Mem. Kingd.Christ 5 Its Constantinoplitan 
port shall not be de-ported. . 

+ Deportate, v. Ols. rare. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. déportare.| trans, To carry or convey away ; 
= Deport v. 5. 

1599 tr. Gabelhouer's Bk, Physicke 172/1 Akornes which 
the mise have deportatede into their domicilles. 

+ Deportates, sd. A/. Ods. rave. [cf. med.L. 
deportus in same sense (Du Cange), déport des bene- 
Jices (Cotgr.). For the form cf. aznates.]. ‘The 
first fruits, or one yeres reuenue of vacant benefices 
(due vnto the Prince, Patron, or Prelate)’ (Cotgr.). 

1532 Address fr. Convoc. in Strype Eccl. Mem. App. xli, 
Nothing at al .. should bee exacted in the Court of Rome, 
by the reason of letters, bulls, seals, annates. .first fruits, or 
deportates, or by whatsoever other title. .they be called. 

Yeportation (dzpoitét fon). [ad. L. déporta- 
tion-em,n. of action from déportare to carry off, 
convey away, transport: see Derorrv. II. Cf F. 
déportation (15-16th c. in Hatzf., not in Cotgr.), 
the modern common use of which has influenced 
that of the English word.] 

1. The action of carrying away ; forcible removal, 
esp. into exile ; transportation. 

* 1595 in Cramond Ann, Banff II. 21 Reservand the tua 
pairt to the present Viccare to his death or deportatione. 


& 


ceede unto the sentence of his deposall. 


DEPOSE. 


160g G. Powrt Refut. Epist. Puritan Papist 112 Banish- 
ment. .among the Romanes was 3-fold, Interdiction, Relega- 
tion, and Deportation. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts Ezek. 
i, 2 The first deportation into Babylon. 1726 Ayuire: 
Parergon 15 An Abjuration, which is a Deportation for 
ever into a foreign nd, was antiently with us, a civil 
Death. 1860 Sat. Rev. X. 510/2 Wholesale deportations to 
Cayenne. 1862 Mrriva.e Rom, Emp. (1865) VI. liv. 443 The 
mass of the Jewish residents .. had been more than once 
swept away by general edicts of exile or deportation. 1877 
C. Geikis Christ xxxi, (1879) 364 After the deportation of 
the ten tribes to Assyria. 

4 2. Deportment. Aseedo-archaism. 

1616 J. Lane Cont. Sgr.’s 7. 1x. 144 The vulgar admira- 
tion Stoode stupified att Horbills deportation. 


+DBeporta'tor. Ols. rare. [agent-n. in L. 
form from L, aéfortdre to Devort.] One who 
deports or transports. 

1629 T. Avams Serm. Heb, vi. 8 Wks. 1058 Oppressors, 
Inclosers, Depopulators, Deportators, Depravators. 

Deportment (d/po-stmént). [a. OF. deporte- 
ment (mod.F. dé-), f. OF. deporter to Deport.] 

1. Manner of conducting oneself; conduct (of life) ; 
behaviour. Oéds. or arch. in general sense. 

1601 Br. W. BArtow Defence 206 Heretickes will bee ex- 
ceeding holy, both in the deportment of their life, and in [ete.]. 
1603 Knoiies Hist. Turks (1621) 1255 The honor and the 
shame that was to ensue unto them, by the different deport- 
ment of themselves in this action. 1637-50 Row //ist. Kirk 
(1842) 385 This Antichristian deportment, How unlike it is 
to the Cariage of Christ’s Apostles. 1719 Younc Revenge 
v.i, She forgives my late deportment to her. 1839 YEowELL 
Anc. Brit. Ch. xiii. (1847) 150 Luidhard. .whose saintly de- 
portment reflected a lustre on the faith which he professed. 

tb. pi. Obs. (Cf. manners, ways.) 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 499 By his deportments 
and carriage in all actions. 1665 G. Havers 7’. della Valle's 
Trav. E. (India 26 Vhe King..was slain for his evil deport- 
ments. 1751 SMoLLetT Per. Pic. xxiii, He humbled his de- 
portments before her. 

2. Referring to merely external manner: Carriage, 
bearing, demeanour, address. 

1638 Six T. Hersert 7'raz, (ed. 2) 150 The bridge was 
full of women. .many of them in faire deportment unmasqued 
their faces. 164x Brome You. Crew 1. Wks. 1873 IIL. 360 
Provided your deportment be gentile. 1689 SHADWELL Bury 
Fo, His air, his mien, his deportment charm'd me so. 1761 
Cuurcuitt Rosctad Wks. 1767 I. 29 What’s a fine person or 
a beauteous face, Unless deportment gives them decent 
grace? 1881 Dasly 7el. 27 Dec., In the character of ..a 
dancing-master, in which capacity he gives a comical lesson 
in deportment. i . 

fig. The manner in which a substance acts 
under particular conditions ; ‘ behaviour’. 

1830 Herscner Stud. Vat. Pil. 38 The identity of their 
deportment under similar circumstances. 1863 Tyxpatt, 
Heat v. 146 This is illustrated by the deportment of both 
ice and bismuth on liquefying. 

Hence Depo'rtmented ///.a. (once-wid.), taught 
deportment. 

1861 J. Pycrorr Agony Point 1. 209 Frenched, and 
musicked, and deportmented. ; 

+Deportract, v. Obs. rare.» [f. De- (as in 
next) + portract var. of PortiAlt v.] = next. 

1611 Sree //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. 26 Whose Image was 
erected in a stately seat, wherein before the Trinitee was 
deportracted. 

+ Deportray’, v. Ods. [f. Dr- (as in depaint, 
describe) + PoRTRAY v.] trans. To portray, depict. 

1611 SPEED Hist, Gt. Brit. v. vii. § 13. 42 The Picture of 
this British woman here last deportraied. 

[Deporture, in Jodrell and mod. Dicts., error 
for departure: see List of Spurious Words.) 
‘Beposable (dipo«zab'l), a. Also 7 -ible. ff. 
DEPOSE v.+-ABLE.] That may be deposed ; liable 
to be deposed. 

1643 Prynne Sov, Power Parl. ut. 117 Kings .. deposible 
at the peoples pleasures. c 1645 Howett Lett. I. 1v. viii, 
Keepers of the Great Seal, which, for ‘Title and Office, are 
deposable. 1849 Blackw. Mag. UXVI. 338 One of themselves, 
elected by themselves, deposable by themselves. 

Deposal (d/pédzal). Also 5 depoisale, de- 
posayle, -ayll, 6-7 -all. [prob. a. AFr. deposaille, 
f. déposer to DEPOSE: see -AL 5, and cf. désposal.] 
The act of deposing from office ; deposition. 

1397 Rolls of Parit. II1. 379/1 It was communed and 
spoken in manere of deposal of my liege Loord. ¢1470 
Harpinc Chron. civil. iv, By depoisale and playne corona- 
cion. 1568 Grarron Chron. IL. 405 (Rich. 11) It was be- 


hovefull and necessary for the weale of the realme to pro- 
1631 J. Burces 


Answ. Rejoined 220 The places voyded by the deposall of 
inconformable Ministers. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. (1864) 
IX. xiv. i. 7 All the acts of John XXIII till his deposal 
were the acts of the successor of St. Peter. 

+Deporse, si. 06s. Also 5 depos, Sc. depois. 
[£ Depose z.] ; : 

1. The state of being laid up or committed to 
some one for safe keeping; custody, keeping, 


_ charge; concr. that which is so laid up, a deposit. 


1393 Gower Con/. I. 218 For God .. Hath set him but a 
litel while That he shall regne upon depose. ¢1430 Lyne. 
Bochas 1. xxii. (1554) 58 b, The sayd herd. .[and} His wyfe 
..This yong child toke in their depos. ¢ 1440 Promp, Parv. 
119 Depose, depositum. 1488 Znv. in Tytler Hist. Scot, 
(1864) II. 390 The gold and silver .. jowellis and uther stuff 
. that he had in depois the tyme of his deceis. 

2. Deposition from office or authority. 

1gsq Ferrers in Mirr. Mag., Rich. 1/ vii, To helpe the 
Percyes plying my depose. 


DEPOSE, 


De 


F, tath c. in Littré), f. De- I. 1 + poser to 


ar: v. Also 6 Sc. depois. [a. | 
7 


} 


place, put down:—Rom. fosdre=late L. pausdre 


to cease, lie down, lay down, etc.: see Posx, Re- 
rosk. Through form-association with inflexions 
of L, pondre, posui, positum, and contact of sense, 


this -foser came to be treated as synon’ with 
OF. -pondre (:-L. ponere) and took its place in 
the compounds, so that dfoser is now instead 
of OF, , L. dépondre to depose, and associ- 


ated in idea with deposit, deposition, depositor, etc., 
which had no original connexion with depose.] 
1. trans. To lay down, wad down (anything 
material); to Deposit. arch. 
e1420 Pallad, on //usb. xi. 460 Take leves .. of Citur tree 
.. And into must .. , and close or faste it closed se. 
1§26 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 223b, Saynt Peter & 
Saynt Paule.. by martyrdome deposed there the tabernacles 
bodyes. 16ar B. Jonson Gypsies Metamorph., 
Face ofa rose, | pray thee depose Some small piece of silver. 
1658 Siz IT. Browne Hydfriot. 33 The ashes of Sacrifices .. 
were carefully carried out by ib 
clean field. he Prior Sedomon 1. 607 The youthful Band 
itt'ring Arms.. 1855 Micman Lat. Chr. (1864) 


| Scor //igi 


de their g 
ih vi. iii. 419 A paper which he sclemnly deposed on the | 


high altar. 
+b. To put, lay, or place (somewhere) for safe 
keeping ; to place ip il in some one's charge. 

I Sruspes Amat, Adus. u. (1882) 18 We must depose 
and lay foorth ourselues, both bodie, and goods, life, and 
time. .into the hands of the prince. a 1612 Donne Bia@avaros 
(1644) 108 [Josephus] sayes, our Soule is, particnla Dei, 
and deposed and committed in trust to us. 1750 CARTE 
Hist. Eug A. 643 | He) left them [writings] in the monastery 
where they had been deposed. 

te. Of tluids: To deposit (as a sediment), Oés. 

1758 Huxnam in PAL. Trans. 1, 524 The urine was. .turbid, 
and .. deposed a great deal of lateritious sediment. 1816 
Accum Chem. Jests (1818) 246 A blue precipitate will be 
deposed. 

+2. fg. To put away, lay aside (a feeling, quality, 
character, office, etc.). Ods. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 73 Depose or put from 
you the olde man. .and be ye renewed in the spiryte of your 
mynde. 1620 Vennex J fa Necta vii. 139 Being sodden .. 
they depose all their hurt. 1628 Honses Thucyd. u. Ixv, 
They deposed not their anger till they had fined him in a 
sum of money. 1677 Gort. Venice 50 ‘The General .. can 
hardly bring oe 
easily keep. 

3. To put down from office or authority ; esf. to 
put down from sovereignty, to dethrone. (The 
earliest and still the prevailing sense.) 

€ 1300 A’. Adis. 7822 Theo kyng dude him [a justise] anon 
depose. ¢1470 Haan Chron, cxcvi, The parliament then 
for his misgouernaunce Deposed him [Richard II}. x 
Coverpace Dan. vy. 20 He was deposed from his kyngly 
trone, and his magesty was taken from him. 
Chron. 11. 157 The Aldermen that before were deposed, 
were agayne restored to their wardes and office. 1651 
Hossrs Leviath, 1. xl. 254 In deposing the High Priest .. 
they deposed that peculiar Government of God. 1718 Lavy 
M. W. Montacu Left. 10 Mar., The late emperor .. was 
deposed by his brother. x Macautay /ist. Eng. 1. 2 
Shortly after the battle of Hastings, Saxon prelates an 
abbots were violently deposed. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. 
61858) I. ii. 108 Sir ‘thomas More .. declared as his opinion 
that parliament had power to depose kings if it so pleased. 

b. gen. To put down, bring down, lower (from 
a position or estate). Oés. exc. as fig. from prec. 

1377 Lanot. P. #4. B. xv. 514 Rizt so 3e clerkes for 3owre 
coueityse, ar longe, Shal pei .. 30wre pryde depose. 3 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 77/3, 1 that am an only sone to my fader 
and moder I shold depose theyr olde age with heuynes and 
sorow to helle. 1671 Mitton ?. A. 1. 413 He before had 
sat Among the prime in splendour, now deposed, Ejected, 
emptied, 1873 Hoitann 4. Bonnic. xviii. 281, | had never 
seen Mrs. Belden so thoroughly deposed from her self- 


possession. ; 

+4. a. To take away, deprive a person of (au- 
thority, etc.) ; also to remove (a burden or obliga- 
tion; opp. to éfose). Obs. 

1393 Gower Conf. IIL. 200 In sory plite .. he lay, The 
corone on his hede deposed. 1593 Sans. Rich. //, 1. i. 192 
You may my Glories and my state depose, But not my 
Griefes, still am I King of those. 1617 Moryson /#in. ui. 
1y. iii. 195 Princes know well to impose exactions, and know 
not how to them. ‘ A 

tb. To divest, deprive, dispossess (a person of 
something that enhances). Oés. 

1ss8 Knox First Blast (Arb.) 29 If a king shulde depose 
himself of his diademe or crowne and royal estat. 1606 
bn Swlcpcocenl a. — Ke Fe was content to 

e se such a trouble as to be a soueraigne. 

eg of that Ring, ma 


preposterous to 

would Sesala haaanieoe of their Heredhaxy Rights. 

5. To testify, bear witness; to testify to, attest ; 

esp. to give evidence upon oath in ‘a court of law, 
to make a deposition. 

a. techn. 
augue Chester PL, (Stake Bees nop And Liyade 
a c er . Ss. .) 20 
Se we iit depose. 


borne And that wi 

pe eth Sth ny Tomeelp eae 

vpon a book. @ Bacon (J.), To depose the yearly rent 

or of lands. i ae oe See 

much deposes ; them in their turn, 1873 WNING 

Red Cott. Nt.-cap 1347 And what discretion proved, I find 
At Vire, d by his own words. 


selt to depose an Authority that he can so | (1647) 225 S. Cyprian is the man whom I would choose. .to 


| effecteth his labours. 


| dexterity should — 
¢ Priests, and deposed in a | 


214 


(4) with o6/. clause (or 067. and Kory: 

16a Child- Marriages (E. ¥..T.S.)106 They cold not depose 
her to be Of honest name. 1602 T. Firznexserr fol. 20a, 
[He] offred to depose that he knew that one of the prisoners 
-.Was otherw 


here then was . in his inditement. ax715 
Burnet Own 7ime 11. 396 The earls of Clare, 
and some others .. deposed what Lord Howard } i 


x80a Mar. Encewortn Jorad 7°. 1816) 1. bo The workman 
- deposed, that he carried the. .Vase..to the furnace. 1871 
Mortey Voltaire (1836) 231 It was deposed that La Barre 
and D'Etallonde had passed within thirty yards of the 
procession without removing their hats. 

(c) intr. (for or against a person, fo (+ for) or against a 
thing or fact. 

¢€ 1400 [see Deposinc vd. sd. 2.) 

1942-3 Act 34-5 Hen. V/11, c. 1 Other witnes. .of as good 
- credence as those be whiche deposed oquient them. ax 
Kincrsayit Wan's Est. xi, (1580) 74 Pilate could not but 
thus depose for his innocence, sayin; , 1 finde no faulte in 
hym. S83 Suaks, 3 Hen, V7, 1. i, a Then seeing ‘twas he 
that ¢ you to depose, Your Oath .. is vaine. 1623 T. 
» God 57 The honest Heathen or Turke, for 
whose truth the Christian dares depose. 1842 D'Isxanut 
<imen, Lit, (1867) 416 He dreaded lest the spectators of his 
against his own witchcraft. 1848 
Mrs. Gaskett J/, Sarton xix, The shot, the finding of the 
body, the subsequent discovery of the gun, were rapidly de- 
posed to. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop .Wrs, Haillid. in. x, He 
deposed to having fastened up the house at eleven o'clock. 

'b. gen. To testify, bear witness, affirm, assert. 

1529 Mokr Dyadoge ut. Wks. 211/2 ‘Than should either the 
newe proues depose the same that the other did before, or 
cls thei shoulde depose the contrary. 1634 W. ‘Tirwnyr tr. 


Balsac’s Lett, Pret. A b, [I] have knowne the Author from | 


both our infancies, and ..can depose in what fashion he 
1662 Everyn Chadcogr. 11 We shall 


| not with Epigenes in Pliny, depose that this Art had its 


1568 GkArTON 


| i eee ofa 
a 1660 Hammonp /WVés, I. 1. 677 (R.) It seems your church 
i faithful a jan of her deposi Roser 


being from Eternity. a@ 1840 J. H. Newman Parock, Serum. 
Rom, iv. 23 When our memory deposes otherwise. 

+c. To promise formally upon oath; to swear 
fo do something». Oés. 

x610 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 122 You shall 
depose to be true liege man unto the Queene’s Majestie. 

+ 6. causally. To examine on oath, to take the 
evidence or deposition of; to cite as a witness, 
call to give evidence. (Cf. fo swear a witness.) 
fass, To give evidence, testify, bear witness. Oés. 

1862 fit 5 “Léizs.c.9 $5 No Person..so convicted --to be 
.. received as a Witness to be deposed and sworn in any 
Court. 193 Suans. Nich. //, 1. lil, 30, 1623 MAssincek 
Dk. Milan w.i, Grant thou hadst a thousand witnesses To 
be deposed they heard it. 1642 Jer. Tavtor A pisc. xxxvi. 


depose in this cause. 1g7ax Srrvre Aecd. Alem. M1. ix. 69 
‘The said bishop got leave for certain of the clergy to be 
deposed on his behalf. , ot 

+ 7. To set, put, or Jay down in writing. Ods. 

1668 Excellency of Pen & Pencil Aiij, This little Tract .. 
where the requisites for Limning in Water-Colours are de- 
posed .. the Colours particularly nominated [etc.]}. 1698 
Pil, Trans, XX. 287, 1 put here the Differences by me 
computed .. and deposed according to the Order of the 
Excesses, i 

Deposed d/powzd), ppl. a. [f. Derosr v. + 
-ED ',) Put down from office or authority. 

1ssa Hirort, Deposed, adactus, depositus, ry toner 
1790 Burke /r. Rev. 124 A dep&ed tyrant. 1864 Burton 
Scot Aér. 1, ii, 100 ‘The families who had lost their estates 
adhered to the old title with the mournful pride of deposed 
monarchs, 

Deposer (d/pd«-za1). [f. Depose v. + -ER 1.) 

1. One who deposes or puts down another from 
office or authority. 

1639 R. Bawwie Let. in Macdonald Covenanters Moray & 
Xess (1875) L. 23 A deposer of godly ministers, 1699 Bentriey 
Phad. 45 One of Phalaris's Deposers. 

2. One who deposes or makes a statement on 
oath; a deponent. 

1581 State Prials, E. Campion \R.), To be duly ex®nined 
- Whether they be true and their deposers of credit, 

(d/pézin), vdd. sd. [-1nG 1.) The 
action of the verb Drvoss ; deposition. 

1. Putting down from authority. 

1480 Caxton Chrva, Ehy, cexliii. (i482) 285 After the de- 
posynge of kyng Rychard. 1548 Hatt Chron. 15 When 
newes of kyng Ri Pe, pre reported. ¢ 1630 
Rispon Surv. Deven § 68 (1810) 65 deposing of the lord 
mayor. Hattam Const. ist. (1876) U1, xiv, 100 The 
deposing of kings was branded as the worst birth of popery 

attrib, W6a Fesuit's Reasons (1675) 117 The Popes de- 
posing power. 1827 Hattam Const, //ist. (1876) 1. ili, 147 
A few .. disclaimed the deposing power of the Roman see. 

2. Giving testimony on oath. 

ex400 Lell. 6 Noyber be ing of be witnes, nor 


b. spec. A sum of money deposited in a bank 


usually at interest. 
3753 Hanway 7 rav, (1762) IT. 1. vii. 35, No coin or specte 
+18 


paid out again, unless in cases 1855 
Macautay /ist, Eng. 1V. 493 The bank of >: 
had receive deposits and 


to another person's charge as a pledge for the per- 
formance of some contract, in part payment of a 


Ching pewtiiated, xtc. 

‘emmon Sense (1738) 1. 151 What is not subject to 

Chance is f i ates ;. it is a_ mere De- 

i x cx London 1V, 262 The 
ium, and xos, 


brick h x oe Ann West ine ut, iii, Not .. 
n et gw posit in my hands for so trifling a 
pagar . Birxeeck Yourn. Amer. 37 With this 

may pay the first deposit on farms of eighty or a hundre< 
acres. 2858 Lp. Sr, Leonarps Handy bk, Prop. Law vii. 
42 Where the deposit is iderable, and it is probable that 
the purchase may not be completed for a time. | 

2. The state of being deposited or p' in safe 
keeping; in phr. on, upon (tin) — 

gs agra Consid, war with Spain, They had the other 
day the Valtoline, and now have put it in deposite. 1701 
C, L¥rrecron in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IV. 220 The king’s 
body is here at the English Benedictines in deposit, there 
to be kept .. till they can have an opportunity to send him 
to Westminster to be buried. 1866 Crome Sanking i. 19 
No interest being allowed by [the Bank of England] for 
money that is placed there upon deposit. 1883 7'imes 10 
July 4 The sum to be paid into Court, and invested or placed 
on deposit for the benefit of the infant. 

3. Something deposited, laid or thrown down; 
a mass or layer of matter that has subsided or been 
precipitated from a fluid medium, or has collected 
in one place by any natural process. 

In Geol., any mass. of material ry pr by aqueous 
agency, or precipitated from solution by chemical action. 
la A/ining, an accumulation of ore, esp. of a somewhat 
casual character, as when occurri in ‘pockets’, In 
Llectro-plating & Electro-typing, the of metal deposited 
by galvanic action upon the ex nd or surface. 

1781 Cowper Charity 249 ‘The swell of pity .. throws the 


en sands, A rich deposit, on the lands. x 
Ruwas Min, 1. 469 We now eee ae ple os 
1836 Maccu.uveay tr. Humboldt's Trav. vi. 80 Covered 
with recent deposites of sai clay, 
Rotteston Anim. Life 32 A mem! 
of fat, 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 39 The le 
posit of the Nile. fod. Rich deposits of gold found in 
South Africa. ae i AM 

4. The act of depositing, laying down, placing in 


| safe keeping, cte.: cf. prec. senses, and various 


senses of Deposit v. 

41773 Cuesterr. H’ks. (1779) 1V. App. 50 My solemn deposit 
of the truth. 1794 Lo. Aucktanp Cer. (1862) IIL. 273 For 
ise and effects. 


the deposit of all kinds of .. ise 1823 
end 
ont 


— place. 184: age N. preg i G 
‘9 This cemetery or place of deposite t 
89 This ete: nied bai 


J. Bapcock Dom, Autusem, 151 A deposit.of white 
Wharton Law Lex., Deposit ..a of 


| to be kept for the bailor without recompence, and to be 


returned when the bailor shall require it. 1861 W. Bet 
+ Deposit is 


gs of > on 
"6. A place where things are deposited or stored ; 
i Us.) 


a receipt for anything deposited, sfec. one given 
Copeaililt 


oney 
a specified rate of interest for a fixed time. 
1795 Soutney Lett. /r. Spain (1808) IL. 216 The bodies 
soon after death are eS 
i beside the of other to restore the 
a deg gee 
at stated rates 


pe sentens 3euing of be jugs, be in exif makip a, eg Fate 
1§80 Hottyaann 7 reas, fr. Tong, Deposition de t 
a deposing of witnesses. 
% (dipprzit), sd. Also 7-9 deposite. 
[ad. L. déposttum, that which is put down, any- 
Ging deposited or para a safe hopping, 
a it, sb. use of neuter of défositus, pa. pple. 
of in : see Devrong, Devose.] 
1. Something laid up in a place, or committed to 
person, for safe keeping. Also fig. 


“S*> 


t (dépp:zit), v. Also 7 deposite. [a. 
obs. F. depfosifer * to lay downe as a +. tocom- 
mit vnto the keeping or trust of Poi): 
med.L. dépositire to deposit, FS ; 
used in med.L. to represent OF, ny ; 

1. ¢rans. To lay, put, or set down; to plate in 
"apap Foesce ie doreobiedee 
‘ones XU, C > 


L. Rircute Wand. by Loire 196 We deposit 
in the stern of a boat. Hawrtnorne Fr. § /¢. 


DEPOSIT. 


Frnls, (1872) 1, 2 At Folk we were dep data 
reilway station, 1891 Law Reports Weekly Notes 120/1 
‘The defendants. .damaged the plaintiff’s land by depositing 
thereon dredgings from the river. 
b. To lay (eggs). 

1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. iv, He..observed that no other 
species were produced, but of such as he saw go in and de- 
posit their eggs there. 1774 Gotpsm. Wat. //ist, (1776) VII. 


22 She flies to some neighbouring pool, where she deposites 
er eggs. 1 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) 1. 268 The 
author could never of the Cuckoo deposited in 


nd the ort 
any nest but in that of a Lark. 1834 M*Murrteie Curier's 
Anim. Kingd. 34 These Insects .. deposit in the ground a 
great number of eggs. 

¢, Said of the laying down of substances held in 
solution, and of similar operations wrought by 
natural agencies: to form as a natural deposit. 

1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 48 (1682) 10 The greater 
and grosser part of the Sa =~ be .. deposited into those 
[leaves]. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. 1. 54 The vapours. .de- 
positing ..a slimy substance mixed with sulphur and salts. 
1878 Huxiey Physiogr. 53 The evaporation of any dew that 
may have been deposited. /A/d. 143 (The water] deposits 
more or less of the matter which it holds in suspension. 

Jig. 1818 Jas. Mit. Brit. India 1. u. vii. 302 Society, as 
it refines, deposits this [grossness] among its other impuri- 
ties. 1877 L. Totremacue in Fortn. Rev, Dec. 855 A myth 
[may be] deposited from a misunderstood téxt. 

d. intr, To be laid down or precipitated, to 
settle. rare. 

[In its origin app, like ‘the house is building’ (for a-bi/d- 
ing)=‘ being built’.) 

7 Brewster Nat. Magic vi. (1833) 155 Moisture might 
be iting in a stratum of one density. 1845 Dar- 
win Voy, Nat. vi. (1873) 109 When the great calcareous 
formation was depositing beneath the surrounding sea. 1873 
E. Spon Workshop Receipts \. 198/2 When no more silver 
deposits on the copper, the operation is completed. 

+ 2. fig. (trans.) To lay aside, put away, give 
up; to lay down (one’s life, etc.). Ods. 

1646 Sir J. Tempe /rish Rebell. 14 Animosities. .seemed 
now to be quite deposited and buried in a firm conglutina- 
tion of their affections. 1682 Address a Barnstaple in 
Lond. Gaz, No. 1712/4 We are so far from any thought of 
.. impairing .. the Grandeur of this... Monarchy, that we 
will rather deposite our Lives in aggrandizing it. 1749 
Fiecoinc Tom Yones 1. x, Vhough .. his countenance, as 
well as his air and voice, had much of roughness in it, yet 
he could at any time deposite this, and appear all gentleness 
and good-humour. 1804 A/in‘ature No. 21 ®3 When stripped 
of the buskin, he necessarily deposits his dignity. 

8. To place in some repository, to commit to the 
charge of any one, for safe keeping; spec. to place 
(apne) in a bank at interest. 

1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 277 (He] had .. de- 
posited his wife in the hands of that most vertuous Prin- 
cesse, the Cardinall Infanta. 1735 Berkrtey Querist § 44 
The silver supposed to be dep d in the bank. 1799 J. 
Rosertson Agric. Perth 365 Into this island, in times of 
danger, the inhab dep d their most valuable effects, 
to secure them from plunder. 1815 W. H. Irevanxp Scribdleo- 
mania 190 The Egyptian stone relic deposited in the British 
Museum, 1872 Geo. Exvior Middlem. xxiii, Fred had taken 
the wise step of depositing the eighty pounds with his 


mother, 

b. To place in the hands of another as a pledge 
for the performance of some contract, in part pay- 
ment of a purchase, ete. 

1624 Massincer Part. Loven. i, Let us to a notary, Draw 
the conditions, see the crowns deposited. in Scott 
Peveril xi. note, Euery person that puts in either horse, 
mair, or gelding, re mn the sume of fiue shill. 
apiece, 1714 Lapy M. W. Monrtacu Lett. to W. Montagu 
(1887) I. 89 The best way, to deposit a certain sum in some 
friend’s hands, and buy some little Cornish borough. 1816 
Keatixce Trav. (1817) 11. 70 In making agreement for hire 
of cattle the money was required to be deposited. 


ec. fig. 
1634‘  Kxorr’ net ii. §24 The Apostles 
have. .deposited in her [the Church], as in a rich storehouse, 
all things belonging to truth. 1671 Mitton Samson 429 To 
violate the sacred trust of silence Deposited within thee. 
1739 Butter Serm., Matt. xxiv. 14 Christianity is ..a trust, 
deposited with us in behalf of others. .as well as for our own 
instruction. 1837 pi: H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 3) 1. ix. 
136 You will be depositing your good feelings into your 
heart, and they will spring up into fruit. 
+d. Tocommit, entrust (fo a person). Ods. rare. 
1733 Swirt Advice Freemen Dublin, Some employments 
are still deposited to persons born here. 
4. absol. To make or pay a it. rare, 
1799 Piece of Fam. Biog. 11. 102 He bid, ‘twas knock’d 
down to him, he deposited, and it was sent home. 
Hence Depo'sited f//. a., Depositing vd/. sh. 
and ffi. a. 
Decay Chr. Piety xix. 3 The greater difficulty will 
Pisa 8 perswade the depositing of those lusts. a 1693 
Urqunart Rabelais ut. xxxiv. 285 That deposited Box. 
1842 H. Mirren O. &. Sandst. xiv. 301 The is: ging: Lew 
depositing agents, 1862 M. Horxins Hawasi 420 
upon a deposited substratum of rock. ¢ 1865 G. Gortin Circ. 
Sc. 1. 215/2 The depositing Is [in plating] are 
made of various materials. 
Deposit, obs. Sc. form of deposed (DEPOSE v.). 


Depositable (dtprzitab’l), a. rare. [f. Dz- 
POSIT Y.+ -ABLE.] That may be Gonenie 

1807 W. Tavtor in Ann. Rev. V. 196 Notes at hand at a 
long date, which, if not negotiable, are depositabl 

Depositary (dippzitari), sb. [ad. L. dzpositari- 
us-one who receives or makes a deposit, F. d/- 
positaire (14-15th c. in Hatzf.); f. L. dzposit- ppl. 
stem of déponere (DEPONE, DEpcsE): see -ary 1. 


| 
| 


215 


Often confounded with Drposirory, when that is 
used of a person, or this of a thing.] | 

1. A person with whom anything is lodged in 
trust; a trustee; one to whom anything (material 
or immaterial) is committed or confided. In Law, 
a bailee of personal property, to be kept by him 
for the bailor without recompense. 

1605 Suaks. Lear i. iv. 254, | gaue you all, Made you my 
Guardians, my Depositaries. 1712 Appison Spect. No. 495 
P10 They [Jews]. .are the Depositaries of these. . Prophecies, 
19772 Funius Lett, Ded., Lam the sole depositary of my own 
secret, and it shall perish with me. 1850 Mes. a 
Leg. Monast. Ord, \ntrod. (1863) 17 The Evangelists and 
Apostles are still enthroned as the depositaries of truth. 
1853 C. Bronte Villette xviii, I have never been the de- 
positary of her plans and secrets. 1864 H. Ainswoutn John 
Law 1. iv, Voisin was induced .. to deliver up the codicil to 
the king’s will, of which he was the depositary. : 

2. A place or receptacle in which something is 
deposited; =Deposirory 3. 

1797 Gopwin Enquirer. v.31 Trooks are the depositary 
of every thing that is most honourable to man, 1860 Maury 
Phys. Geog. Sea § 466 Vhe ocean then is the great depositary 
of everything that water can dissolve and carry down from 
the surface of the continents. ye H. Atxnswortn Zower 
Hill. x, Used. .as a depositary for State records, 

Depositary, a. rare. [f. DEPOSIT sh, +-ARnY 1] 

1. Geol. Belonging to or of the nature of a deposit. 
(Cf. sedimentary. | 

1839 Murcuison S/lur. Syst. 1. xx. 259 Before the beds 
entirely recover their natural depositary ch ters. hid. 
1, xxxv. 468 The other trap rocks of this district, instead of 
having a depositary character, have all been intruded. 

2. Receiving deposits: said of a bank. 

1886 Rept. Sec. of Treasury 88 (Cent. Dict.) A number of 
failures have taken place among the depositary banks. 

+ Depo'sitate, ///. a. Sc. Obs. ba med.L, 
dépositat-us, pa. pple. of dépositare.]  Veposited. 

1723 Wodrow Corr, (1843) 111. 86 His corpse is depositate 
within. 1756 Mrs. Catperwoon Fru. (1284) 79% Vhe skill- 
ing being first depositate in a neutrall person’s hand. 

+ Depositate,v. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of med.L. 
dépositare to Deposit; or f. obs. F. defositer : see 
-ATE3 7.) =DeEposit v. 

1618 Naunton in Fortescue Papers 65 What teares and 
complaints he depositated in my bosome. 1650 HoweLt 
Masanicllo 1, 102 All the furniture and goods tha 
there depositated. 1782 A. Monro Anat, 13 ‘Whe Mz 
is. .depositated in these cells. 

Depositation (di/pyzitZ-fon). 2 a y Se. [n. 
of action f. med.L. déposttare to Devosir: see 
ges! The action of depositing ; a deposit. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 316 Forbidding any 
execution, depositation of moneys, or other courses of justice 
to be done thereupon. 1707 /nvent. Kk. Wardr. (1815) 331 
(Jam.) The delivery of the Kegalia of Scotland hy the Earl 
Marischal, and their depositation in ..the castle of Edin- 
burgh. 1754 Exsnine Princ. Sc. Lat (1804) 228 Deposita- 
tion is a contract, by which one who has the custody of a 
thing committed to him (the depositary), is obliged to restore 
it to the depositor. 1806 Fousytu Beauties Scotl. M11. 205 
A spontaneous depositation of ochre. 1833 Act 3-4 W/L. 
/V,c. 46 $ 82 To deposit the same with the procurator fiscal 
.-who shall..grant a certificate of such depositation. 1847 
Ln. Cockeurn Frul. Il. 167 No such stream can pass 
through the soil of a good mind without enriching it Ly its 


de itations. 1861 [see Devosrr sh. 4}. 
De tee (d/pgzitz). [f Deposit v.+-KE: 


correlative to depositor.) A person with whom 
something is deposited or placed in charge. 

1676-7 Hare Contempl. 1. (1629) 165 Thou art but an ac- 
countant, a steward, the Depositee of what thou hast received. 
1891 Law Times' Rep. LXIII. 693/2 The deposit of this 
lease gave the depositee a right to its possession. : 

‘tion (dipozi‘fan, dep-). Also 5 -ycion, 
5-7 -icion, 6 -icyon. [a. OF. defosition, also 
desp- (12th c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. déposition-em, n. of 
action from déponére: see Deposx. Used as the 
noun of action from defone, depose, and deposit.) 
I. The action of putting down or deposing. 

1. The taking down of the body of Christ from 
the cross ; a representation of this in art. 

(Cf. L. déponere in Vulgate, Mk. xv. 46, Luke xxiii. 53.] 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 206 b, The maner of . . 
his or takynge downe from the crosse. 1848 
Mrs. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 217 In the Descent or 
Deposition from the cross, and in the i comin Mary 
Magdalene is generally conspicuous. 1859 Juruson Britfany 
viii. 118 The res..represent the Judgment of Pilate, the 
Bearing the the Deposition, the E b 


the 


irrection. 
+2. The action of laying down, laying aside, or 
putting away (e. g. a burden) ; wenn le Obs. 
1577 Furxe Confut. Purg. 116 The da ristian mens 
so pants Hees eBay raed 
As it were, t = 4 
Gen Whetiet tae aiede te o@'er Att enved nel abet 
1616 Cutaruan Hymne to Apollo pete sit ye here .. nor 
deposition navall arms Hagtiey Observ. 
Manu. iv. 4oz The Soul is reduced to a state of Inactivity 
by the Deposition of the gross ¥ 
+3. Surg. ‘Old term for d ing of the 
lens in the operation of couching’ (Syd. Soc. 
poe Obs. 
. The action of deposing or putting down from 
a position of dignity or authority; degradation, 
dethronement. < 
Rolls of Parlt. U1. If {t evere be adher- 
ion to Recher that was pel nap deer in counsel, 


DEPOSITOR. 


helpe, or comfort agayns that deposition. 14 tr. igden 
(Rolls) I, 283 After the d ice of kynge Hildericus, 1548 
Hatt Chron, Introd. 8 To resigne .. all the homages and 
fealties dewe to him as kyng.. But er this deposicion was 
executed [etc,]. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. 150 Henry 
the Fourth his unjust usurpation, and deposition of. . Richard 
the Second. 1726 Avurry Parergon 206 Vhe word Depo- 
sition properly signifies a solemn depriving of a Man of He 
Clerical Orders by the way of a Sentence, 1858 Fuoupy 
Hist. Feng. \MN. xv. 287 Kings are said to find the step a 
short one from deposition to the scaffold. 

5. The giving of testimony upon oath in a court 
of law, or the testimony so given; sfec. a state- 
ment in answer to interrogatories, constituting evi- 
dence, taken down in writing to be read in court 
as a substitute for the production of the witness. 

1494 Fanvan Chron. vit. 334 Mychaell Vony..was, by de- 
posycion of the aldermen, founde gylty in the sayde cryme 
of periury. 1962 Act 5 Lliz. c.g $6 If any Person. .commit 
.. Perjury, by his.. Deposition in any of the Courts. — 1633 
T. Stavvorp /’ac. //ib. i. (1821) 24 As well by deposition of 
witnesses as by all other kinde of proofes, 1726 Avuirrs 
Parergon 149 A witness is obliged to swear pro formA, other- 
wise his Deposition is not valid without an Oath. 1848 
Wuakton Law Lex.s.yv., tis a,. rule at common law, that 
when the witness himself may be produced, his deposition 
cannot be read, for it is not the bestevidence. 1863 H. Cox 
/nstit. 1. x. 544 Vhe statements of the witnesses are reduced 
to writing, and are then termed depositions, 

b. tvansf. and fig. Testimony, statement ‘esp. 
of formal character). e@. Allegation (of something). 

1587 Gotvinc De Mornay Pref. g Others whose deposi- 
tions or rather oppositions against vs, I thinke men wil 
wonder at. 1648 W. Mountacen Devout sss. 1%. ii, The 
influence of Princes upon the disposition of their Courts, 
needs not the deposition of examples. 1699 Bentiny /hal. 
Pref. 13, I will give a clear and full Answer to every part of 
their Depositions, 1885 J. Maxtinnau Types hth. 7h. 11g 
‘The depositions of consciousness on this matter. 

II. The action of depositing. 

6. The action of depositing, laying down, or 
placing in a more or Jess permanent or final posi- 
tion; spec. interment [med.1., d?fositzo in liturgical 
language !, or placing of a saint's body or relics in 
a new resting-place. 

1659 Vulgar Lerr, Censured 72 Vrue Christians. allow that 
which Christ hath redeemed a civill deposition, a decent 
Repose, Adam had a worthy Sepulchre. 1793 Smeaton 
kaystone L. $167 After being wrought, ty be returned to its 
place of deposition, 1833 Wirwrit. Astron. i. 27 The ripen- 
ing of the seed, its proper deposition in order for the repro- 
duction of a new plant. 1875 W. Houcnion 5%. Brit. In- 
sects 130 The deposition of the eggs by these insect cuckoos, 
[1894 J. ‘I. Fowten Adamnan Intr. xiv, the depositio or 
burial being in these cases commemorated rather than the 
natalis or birthday to the future life.) 

7. The placing of something in a repository, or 
in charge of a person, for safe keeping ; concr. 
a deposit. 

1 West 1st Pt. Symbol., $16 A, Deposition is a Contract 
reall in which a thing moueable is freelie giuen to be kept, 
that the selfe same thing be restored when-oeuer it shail 
please him that so leaueth it. 1651 C. Cantwwicnt Cert, 
Kelig. 1. 140 ‘Vhe depositions committed to the Churches 
trust. 1998 Macruns Popul. (1217) WN. 27g Every fresh 
deposition [in a savings bank] 

8. ‘The process of depositing or fact of being de- 
posited by natural agency; precipitation. 

1799 Kinwan Geol, iss. 11 The crystallization, precipita- 
tion, and deposition of these solids. 1830 Hrescuer. .5 trad. 
Nat. Phil. 11. vi. (1851) 162 A deposition of dew presently 
begins. 1880 A R. Wattace /sl. Life214 The average rate 
of Deposition of the Sedimentary Kocks. 

b. The result of this process; a deposit, preci- 
pitate, sediment. 

1797 M. Baie Morb. Anat. (1207) 420, 1 have found [the 
pineal] gland without any deposition of earthy matter. 1831 
Beewster Optics xiii. 111 A common pane of crown glass.. 
that has on its surface a fine deposition of moisture. 1867 
J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 133 Vhe symmetrical and figurate de- 
positions of siliceous crystals. 

Depositive (dipgzitiv), a. [f. Devrosir v. (or 
its L. etymon) +-1ve. Cf. OF. deposttif in similar 
sense.] Having the quality of depositing, tending 
to deposit. In Path. see quot. 

be if Doxcuson Med. Lex. 225 Depositive..an epithet 
used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express that condition of 
the membrane in which plastic lymph is exuded into the 
tissue of the derma. 

sitor (d/pyzitar). [In form =L. depositor, 
agent-n. from L. déponére (Devore, Devos); but 
taken as agent-n. from Depostr v.: so mod.F, dé- 


| fositeur, connected in sense with dépét deposit.] 


I. One who deposes. = 
+1. One who makes a deposition, a d ent. 


1565 Six T. Surru Commrw. Eng. (1623) 196 all men 
perk hear from the mouth of the depositors and witnesses 
what is 


said. 
IL. One who or that which deposits, 
2. One who deposits or places something in 
charge of another; spec. one who deposits money 


in a bank. 
1624 I. Scort Votive Angliz 2 Bavaria is but Spaines 
Depositor, and the Ki if Rpaynd; Bavatitie Potedic oad 


ector.. 1781 Sin W. Jones Law of Bailments Wks. v 
L.679Ad 2. Lestt * into the ch 19 


ded d, * 7 


of his p . Exami Allp 
eeu dagaded tb bicesse dopedinnncel pantie Seen. 
iL 35/2 Where a depositor has .. gp a oot 


balance is struck every six 


DEPOSITORY. 


Digest 486 The deposit still left the legal possession in the 


y being ly his agent in pos- 


sessing. : 
3. a. An apparatus for depositing some substance. 
b. A workman who coats articles with silver in 


electro-plating. 
1834 Brit. Hush. 1, 264 A‘ itor’, which consists merely 
of an addition to the coulter of any common plough by win; 


fixed in the beam. c 1865 G, Gore in Circ. Se. I. 216/1 
—— should a a large — of pieces of copper 
ir les to d 


wire. . g the. : 
III. +4. One in whose hand something is de- 
posited; = Deposrrary sd. 1. Obs. 

1604 E. Grimstone Hist, Siege Ostend 145 That the sayd 
goods be put into the hands of the depositor of the armie. 

Deposi (dfpg:zitari). [f. (or on the same 
type as) med.L. déposttorium, f. ppl. stem déposit- 
or agent-n. dépositor-em: see -oRY.] 

1. A place or receptacle in which things are de- 
posited or placed for safe keeping; a storehouse, 
a repository. 

1750 Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 5 Alexandria .. the de- 

all merchandizes from the East and West. 1840 
H. Arswortn ower of London u. x, The Jewel Tower .. 
the depository of the Regalia. 1858 Lp. Sr. Leonarps 
Handy Bk, Prop. Law xx. 158 The Act..directs that con- 
venient depositories shall be provided .. for all such wills. . 
as shall be deposited therein for safe Gang A 
Bible) is. .a Pro- 


Jig. t Myers Cath, Th, 1. § 1. 2(The 
vidential Depository of certain Revelations of truth and duty 
which have been made at sundry times. 


2 A person (a body of persons, or a thing per- 
sonified) to whom something is committed for safe 
keeping; usually fg. (with reference to immaterial 
things); =Deposirary sé. 1. 

1656 Hammonp A nsw. to Schism disarmed vu. ii. P 3 lf we 
hold these doctrines deposited in the Church... we must hold 
.-that the depository is so trusty, as it cannot deceive us. 
1779 Jounson Lett. Mrs. Thrale 8 Nov., I think well of her 
judgment in chusing you to be the depository of her troubles. 
1862 Merivace Kom. Emp. (1865) VI. liv. 456 The preten- 
sions advanced. .for the Roman Church. .to be the sole de- 
pository of all moral principles and practice. 1878 S. Cox 
Salv. Mundi viii. (ed. 3) 174 Even in those early days when 
one man, one family, one nation were successively chosen to 
be the depositories of Divine Truth. 

|| Depositum ((/pp:zitim). Ods. PI. -a, -ums. 
[L. depositum ; sb. use of neuter pa. pple. of de- 
ponére to lay down: see DEponr, Deposit.] 

1. Something placed in a person's charge or laid 
up in a place for safe keeping ; = Deposit sd. 1. 

a. lit, 

1592 West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 16 B, The thing left is called 
Receptum, Commendatum or depositum. 1617 Cottins Def 
Bp. Ely 81 Two depositums of like nature. 1669 WoopHEAD 
St. Teresa 1. 272 She. .had foretold of a certain Depositum, 
that was to be reserved in that place; and the event follow- 
ing declared her meaning concerning her Body. 1673 Lady's 
Call. u. § 1 P 2. 57 Testaments and other depositums of the 
greatest trust were usually committed totheir custody. 1745 
A. Butcek Lives of Saints (1836) 1. 527 She was to give to 
God an account of the least farthing of what was intrusted 
as a depositum in her hands. 

b. fg. of immaterial things: es. of the faith or 
doctrine committed to the keeping of the Church. 

1582 N. T. (Rhem.) 1 7%. vi. 20 O Timothee, keepe the 
depositum [Vulg. custodi depositum). 1583 FuiKke Defence 
pt Affected novelties of terms, such as neither English 
nor Christian ears ever heard in the English tongue : Scandal, 
prepuce, neophyte, depositum, gratis, parasceve, paraclete. 
1642 RoGers Naaman To Rdr., Unto whose hands, the 
great depositum of Truth is put. 1656 Hammonp A nsw. to 
Schism disarmed vin. ii. § 1 That depositum .. that the 
ae thus deposited in all Churches, the several articles 

the Apostolick faith or Creed. arzxr Ken Dedicat. Poet. 
Wks. 1721 I. 7 And rather bh Martyrs at the Stake, 
Than the Depositum he left, forsake. 1732 STAckHousE 
Hist, Bible (1767) 111. v. iii. 348 His life was a sacred de- 
positum of God’s. 

2. Something given as a pledge; = Deposir 
5b. Ic. 

1623 Cocxeram, Defositum, a pledge. 1911 Lurrrete 
Brie Rel. ny! pha 704 To pay down .. half of that as a 

or t 5 


P ig parts. 

3. A place where things are deposited or stored ; 
a depot, depository, ‘storehouse’ (/it. and fig.). 

ag Sage Diary 19 Nov., Towards the lower end of 
the church 


..is the depositum and statue of the ntess 
Matilda. 1646 J. Havt Hore Vac. 78 It is a fit depositum of 


knowledge. 1756 Nucent Gr. Tour 11. 227 By means of these 
famous fairs, pa is the depositum of a great part of the 
merchandize of Europe and the Indies. 1796 Morse Amer. 


. 1. iv, The. .most complete depositum of facts relatin, 
to the history of America, to be found in the United States 


Depositure (dipp‘zitiiix). rare. [In form 
corresp. to a L, type *défosttira, f. ppl. stem of 


déponére (DEPONE, Dxpost) ; in sense associated 
_ with deposit vb.: see -uRE.] The action of deposit- 


ing or placing. 

nas ackson Creed vin, xxxiii. Wks. VIII. 179 The in- 
terring or depositure of his body in the .. sepulchre, 1658 
Sir T. Browne Hydriot. Introd. i bal 


216 


1382 Wyciir 1 77. vi. 20 Thou T: 
or thing bitakun to thee. — 2 7%m. i. 12, 1 woot to whom 
Thaue bileuyd, and I am certeyn for he is my3ti for to kepe 
my depoost, or thing putt in keping. 1735 Dycue & Parpon, 
Depost or Depositum (ed. 3, Deposit). 

+ Depo‘sure. Oés. rare. [f. Depose v. +-URE: 
cf. composure, exposure.| The action of deposing 
from office ; = DEPOSITION 4. 

¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawtn. Mem. State Wks. (1711) 130 
After the deposure of king Richard II. 1648 Farrrax, etc. 
Remonstrance 28 An utter rejection, expulsion, and de- 
posure. .of his whole race. 

Also depédt, 


Depot (depo, dipdu, di-pou), 
dépét. [a. F. dépét (depo), in OF . defost (14th c. 
in Littré and Hatzf.), (=It., Sp. depostto), ad. L. 
dépositum ; see Depostrum, Deposit, Dxrpost, all 
forms of the same word. 

As in the case of other words from modern French, the 
pronunciation varies widely. The French depe, with short 
e and o and undefined stress, is foreign to English habits of 
utterance. The earlier English rendering, as shown by the 
dictionaries down to 1860-70, was, according to the French 
historical stress and quantity, or the English conception of 
it (cf. bureau, chateau, Tussand), dipd®’, or, with a con- 
scious effort to reproduce the first vowel in French, depd*"; 
these pronunciations are still heard, but the stress is now 
more usually on the first syllable, and the quantity of the e 
doubtful, giving de*pe, di‘po, in England, dipo, dé'po, in 
U.S. (where the word is much more in popular use, and 


| d*pet, d/pe’t, are mentioned by Longfellow, Lowell, etc., as 


opular vulgarisms). The form de*po comes as near the 
French depo as English analogies admit, ‘The earlier Eng. 
spelling omitted the accent-marks, and this is now usual; 
the spelling defdt belongs especially to the pronunciation 
dipé""; the actual F. spelling @éfét goes together with the 
attempt to pronounce as in French.) 

+1. The act of depositing ; deposit, deposition. 
Obs. rare. 

1794 Suttivan View Nat. 1, 72 Some [mountains] have .. 
heen formed by successive depots in the sea. 1835-6 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. 1. 515/2 Depots of matter take place in the dis- 
organized tissue. a 

+2. A deposit or collection (of matter, supplies, 


| etc.); =DEposir sé, 3, 1. Obs. 


| join their regiments remain, 


1835 Str J. Ross Narr. and Voy. xxxvii. 513 To fetch a 
third depot of fish, 1850 W. B. Ciarke Wreck Favorite 
133 The nelleys had discovered our dept of blubber and 
had eaten a portion of it. eA 

3. Mil. a. A place where military stores are 
deposited. b. The head-quarters of a regiment, 
where supplgs are received and whence ‘they are 
distributed. ¢, A station where recruits are as- 
sembled and drilled, and where soldiers who cannot 
d. attrib. Applied 
to a portion of a regiment which remains at home 
when the rest are on foreign service. 

1798 Beresrorp in Ld. Auckland's Corr. III. 412 —— 
quantities of arms are in their possession. Dublin is the 
great depot. 1812 W. C. in Axraminer 25 May 334/2 Bar- 
racks and Military Depots are building. 1844 Regud. § Ord. 
Army 8 By the continual transit of Officers between the 
Service at f Depdit Companies. Srocgueter Mili. 
Encyctl. s.v., Regiments embarking for India usually leave 


| one company at home, for the purpose of recruiting, which 


is called the depét company. 1859 Wusketry /ustr. 85 When 


| men leave a depdt battalion to join the service companies. 


1861 Swinnor N. China Camp. 7 The island [of Chusan] .. 
from its central position, would form a good depét for troops. 
e. A place of confinement for prisoners of war. 

The name used both in France and England during the 
War with Napoleon. 

1806 J. Forses Lett, /r. France 1. 231 Prisoners of war .. 
[at] Fontainbleau and Valenci , the two principal depots 
appointed for that purpose. 1824 D. H. O'Brien Caftrv. & 
Escape 87 We were safely lodged in Sarre Louis jail. This 
is a dépét for seamen, one of punishment for officers who 
may transgress. 1839 36 Vears Sea-faring Life 29 Fearing 
death almost as little as a life of misery in a French depot. 

4. A place where goods are deposited or stored ; 


e.g. a coal depot, grain depot, furniture depot; a 
store-house, depository, emporium. 

1802 Edin. Rev. 1. 142 Lake Winipic..seems calculated. . 
to become the grand depot of this traffic. 1804 H. T. Cotr- 
srooke //ush. Bengal (1806) 184 It is not practicable to 
render Great Britain the general dép6t of saltpetre. 1863 
Sir G.G. Scorr in A rchevol. Cant. V.7 note, The church was 
used as the coal depét for the castle. 1872 Yeats Growth 
Comm. 154 Grain brought down to the maritime depots. .in 
the Crimea. 

5. U.S. A railway station. 

(In Great Britain formerly, and still sometimes, a goods 
station at a terminus ; cf. sense 4. a 

(1830 Boorn L'fool & M'chester Railway 46 This Railway 
will cost above including the.. and d 
ateach end, 1837 F. Waisuaw Ana/. Railways 286 When 
there are h ue ached ren , i oy om is 4 
a depét.) x NGF. in Life (1891) I. 415 To borrow t 
pbs ze fellow-traveller, we were ‘ ficketed through 
to the depot’ (pronouncing the last word so as to rhyme with 
teapot), 1861 Lowe. Biglow P. Ser. u. i. Poems 1890 II. 
232 With all ou’ doors for deepot [vie teapot]. 1872‘ Mark 
Twain’ /nnoc. Aér, xii. 73 You cannot pass into the waiting- 
room of the depdt till you have secured your ticket. [1892 


By p 
Depositure in dry Earths. 1884 Rocers Soc, Life Scot. 11. 
The dep ine of the nati ds in tl i 


6 
= epoost. Obs. [a OF. ae 

4 iS. a. OF. t 
and Hatzf.), mod.t, dépét, ad. L. 


+t Depo 
(14th c, ra fi 
Deposirum ; see above.] An earlier equivalent of 
Deposir sd. sense 1. 


Camden Town Directory, 71 London and North-western 
Goods Depét, Chalk Farm Road.) 
6. Fortif, (See quot.) 
1853 Srocqueter Milit. 
is likewise to 


1823 in Craps Techn. Dict. 

Encyct. s.v., In fortification, the term 

denote a particular place at the trail of the trenches, out of 
foe reach of the comme of os Demat anes, It is here that 
h 2 Hy Wy. ‘ wl A, 
outworks or support the troops in the trenches, 


DEPRAVATION. 


7. attrib. (See spec. use in 3.4.) : 

aie Chicage Thanet #0 Bae, The 'y_is constructing 
a depot building .. at Leaf ver. 1884 C.K. Marknam 
in Pail Mali G. 20 Aug. 1/2 ‘The party Id never have 
been left without a depot ship. ng within ibl 

Depotentiate (dzpote-nfie't), 7. [f. De- II. 
1+L. fotentia power: cf. potentiate.) trans. To 
deprive of power or potency. Hence Depote-n- 


tiated f//. a., D tia ‘tion. 
1841 Fraser's Mag. XXIII. 144 Productive which 
unite together, combine not as dead materials by addition, 


but multiply into and potentiate one another, as in separatin; 

they do not merely subtract from each other, but utterly “ 
potentiate. 1882-3 Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 463 
A temporary self-exinanition or de tiation of the pre- 
existent Logos. 1886 A. B. Bruce Mirac. Elem. in Gospels 
viii. 275 Christ's life on earth in reference to the divine 
a was a depotentiated life. 

poulsour: see DEPULSOR. 

+ Depo v. Obs. [f. De- I. 1, 3 + 
radical of impoverish: cf. OF. apovrir, apovriss-, 
F. appauvrir, f. povre, pauvre poor; also Dr- 
PAUPER, DEPAUPERATE.] f¢rans. To make poor, 
impoverish. 

1568 Grarton Chron. 11.350 So is your power depoverished, 
and Lordes and great men brought to infelicitie. 

Depper, -est, obs. comp. and sup. of DEEP. 

Depravable (d/pré'-vab’l), a. [f. Deprave v. 
+-ABLE.] Liable to be depraved. 

1678 Cupwortn /n/el/. Syst. 1. iv. 631 Humane Nature is 
so mutable and depravable. 

+ De-pravate, #//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dépravat- 
us, pa. pple. of dépravare to DErRavE.] Depraved, 
corrupted, demoralized, 

152. Barctay Sad/ust's Fugurth 15b, A great part of the 
Senatours were .. so deprauat that they contemned and set 
at nought pe words of Adherball. 1538 Hen. VIII in Sedect. 
Harl. Misc. (1793) 137 Thynges .. which, nowe beinge de- 
prauate, are lyke. .to be the vtter ruine of Christen relygyon. 
a1555 Braprorp Wks, 166 Seeing my corruption and de- 
pravate nature. 1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 15 
Contributing to the generation of depravate blond. 

Hence + De‘pravately adv. 

1666 G. Harvey Mord. Angl. ii. 15 A consumption of the 
parts of the body, weakly, or depravately, or not at all 
attracting nutriment. 

+ Depravate (de-piaveit), 7. Obs. or arch. [f. 
L. dépravat-, ppl. stem of dépravare to DEPRAVE,] 
trans, = DEPRAVE. 

1 Hoorer Declar. 10 Commandm. vii. Wks. (Parker 
Soc.) 345 To depravate the use of the sacraments otherwise 
than they be a in the scripture. 1581 Marpeck Bé. of 
Notes 625 The Pharesies & Saduces, which with their 
gloses deprauated the Scriptures. 1609 J. Davies Holy 
Roode xxiii, The rest, in depth of scorne and hate, His 


Diuine Truth with taunts doe deprauate. Busuxece 
Chr. Nurt. i. (1861) 7 The belief that a child's nature is 
how di d by d from 


Depravation (<iprivé'-fon, dep-). [ad.L. dé 
pravation-em, n. of action from dépravare to 
Deprave. Cf. F. dépravation (16th c. in Littré).] 

1. The action or fact of making or becoming de- 
praved, bad, or corrupt ; deterioration, degeneia- 
tion, esf. moral deterioration ; an instance of this. 

1561 ‘I’. Norton Ca/vin's /nst. 1, xiv. § 16 This malice 
which we assigne in his [the Devil's) nature, is not by 
creation but by deprauation. a 1667 Cow.ey Ess., ers 
in Much Company, The total Loss of Reason is less de- 
plorable than the total Depravation of it. 177§ Jounson 
Tax. no Tyr. 48 We are as secure from intenti deprava- 
tions of Government as human wisdom can make us, 1798 
Burke 7 racts on Po, Laws Wks. 1842 11. 442 If this 
improvement, truly I know not what can be called a de- 

ravation of society. , 

uses of depravation..to which the 
a measure adapted itself. 
Creature ii. (1865) 26 Dep i 

b. Deterioration or degeneration of an organ, 
secretion, tissue, etc. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 334 Trembling, which 
is a dep ion of vol y i e1720 W. Ginson 
Farrier’s Guide ii, xxviii. (1738).101 The beginning of the 
Dist did proceed from the Corruption or vation 
of the Blood. Br. Lavincton Enthus. Methodists 
(1820) 225 Some depravation of the organs of the ear. 
1851-60 Mayne “.xfos. Lex., Depravation, term for a deteri- 
oration, or change for the worse ; applied to secretions, 
or the functions of the body. WG 

2. The condition or quality of being depraved ; 
corruption. Formerly, in 7/eo/., = DEPRAVITY c. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1 495 Originall sinne is 
Pia fs or depanation of the wi 5 man, Vecge ad 

this 


De Mornay xvii. (1617) 305 Notwithstanding 
prauation, the soule liueth and abide 
in God. Br. Hart Hard Texts, Rom. vi. 6 That by 
.. his death the whole bulke of our maliciousness 
vation might be so far destroyed. 17a5 R. Tayior Disc, on the 
Fall v. 122 A sense of the dep ion of our 

igi Ps Morcan Algiers I, iv. 


original sin which is in us. 3 

facet toe A Rom. Emp. (1865) V. xlv. 350 
x ERIVALE Rom. Emp. (1! . xiv. 

Contrasting the most isite ch $ with ihe 


grossest depravation of humanity. 
v. (with 7.) An instance of this, 
16ar Burton Anat, % I diction * sly Guts Ce 


a depravation of the Il funct: 
Gentiles 1. 1. xii. 799 Those Leters, which the Jews now use 
depravations of the Syriac. 1675 TRAHERNE 


.. being but 
Chr. Bikichs 2zvil, 409 All the crocs and 
..are meer corruptions and depravations of nature, 


DEPRAVATIVE. 


free agents have let in upon themselves. 1846 Maurice 
Relig. World 1, iii. (1861) 71 1 would by no means support 
a paradox .. that Buddhism was the original doctrine of 
which Brahminism was a depravation. 
+e. A depraving influence or cause. Obs. 

17tr Appison Sect, No. 99 » 11 When the Dictates of 
Honour are contrary to those of Religion and Equity, they 
are the greatest Depravations of human nature. 

+3. Perversion or corruption (of a text, writing, 
etc.). Obs. * 

1566 T. Stapteton Ret. Untr. Fewel Epist. ij, You note 
that for Vntruthe, yea and for a foule deprauation of holi 
scripture which is the very saying .. of S. Hilary. 1624 
Gataker 7ransubst. go The next Division hee maketh 
entrance into with a grosse and shamelesse Depravation 
{substitution of ‘any thing’ for ‘zo thing’). 1699 BENTLEY 
Phat. xiii. 396 This is the common Reading .. but if we 
examine it, it will be found to be a manifest Depravation. 
1768 Jounson Pref. to Shaks, Wks. 1X.277 This great poet 
..-made no collection of his works, nor desired to rescue 
those that had been already published from the depravations 
that obscured them. 1849 W. Fitzcrracp tr. Whitaker's 
Disput. 157 To persuade us of the depravation of the original 
scriptures. 

+4. Vilification, defamation, detraction, back- 
biting, calumny. Oés. [So It. depravazione.] 

(Perhaps the earliest sense in Eng.: cf. also Deprave.) 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 238 All y* crymes of y° 
tonge, as sclaunders, detraccyons, deprauacyons or dis- 
praysynges. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 8. 10 A meere 
deprauation and calumny without all shadowe of truth. 
1606 Suaxs. 77. & Cr. v. ii, 132 Stubborne Criticks, apt 
without a theame For deprauation. 

+ Depra-vative, a Os. [f. L. dépravat- 
ppl. stem +-IVE.] ‘lending to deprave. 

1682 H. More Axnot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 37 A debilitative, 
diminutive, or privative, not depravative deterioration. 

+ Be-pravator. Obs. rare-'.  [Agent-n. in 
L. form from L. dépravare to Deprave. Cf. F. 
depravateur (1551 in Hatzf.).] A depraver. 

1629 T. Avams Serwt. Heb. vi. 8 Wks. 1058 A great number 
of these Field-bryers. .Oppressors, Inclosers, Depopulators, 
Deportators, Depravators. 


+ Depra've, sb. Ods. rare. 
Detraction, slander. 

1610 W. FotKincuaMm Art of Survey, Author to Work 23 
Whose iustly-honourd Names Shield from Depraue, Couch 
rabid Blatants, silence Surquedry. 1615 CHapMan Odyss. 
xxi. §85 That both on my head pour’d depraves unjust, And 
on my mother's, scandalling the court. 

+ Depra‘ve, a. Os. rare. [An extension of 
Prave=L. pravus, after deprave vb. and its deri- 
vatives: cf. Depravity.] Depraved. 

az71r Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 96 Ah me, 
even from the Womb I came deprave. 

Deprave (dipréi-v), v. [ad. L. dépravare to 
distort, pervert, corrupt (f. De- I. 3 + privas 
crooked, wrong, perverse: perh. immediately from 
F. dépraver (14th c. in Hatzf.). Sense 4 was 
perh. the earliest in Eng.: cf. also the derivatives.] 

1. To make bad; to pervert in character or 
quality ; to deteriorate, impair, spoil, vitiate. Now 
rare, eXc, as in 2, 

@ 1533 Lo. Berners Gold, Bh. M. Aurel. xlvi, Olde folkes 
wyll depraue [ printed depryue, L. depravabunt) thy mynde 
with their couetousnes. 1552 Hutoet, Depraue, peruert, 
or make yll, deprano, 1558 Warve tr. Alexis’ Secr. 568) 
42 b, Sorowe, sadnesse, or melancholie corrupte the bloude 
.. and deprave and hurt nature. c 1630 Donne Sermz. viii. 
83 A good worke not depraved with an ill Ende, 1685 Boy.r 
Salub. Air 14 The air is depraved .. by being impregnated 
with Mineral Expirations. a@1784 Jounson in Croker’s 
Boswell (1831) V. 419, I believe that the loss of teeth may de- 

rave the voice ofasinger. 1802 7 rans. Soc. Encourag. Arts 

X. 222 It [sea-salt] rather depraves than improves the oils. 

b. To corrupt (a text, word, etc.). arch, 

1382 Wyciir ¥od Prol., The thingis. . bi the vice of writeris 
depraued, 1599 H, Burtes Dyets drie Dinner G ij, 
Whence in tract of time the name is depraved: and B put 
for C. 2663 CHarteton Chorea Gigant. 25 He was forced 
to deprave the Text. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes iv. 179 
But the second Paragraph 7 so depraved by after 
Transcribers, as not to be made Sense of. 1844 Lincarp 
Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I1. xi. 187 Restoring the true reading 
where it had been depraved. 1859 F. Hatt Vdsavadatté 
Pref. 9 zote, If his text has not been depraved at the hands 
of the scribes. Ee . 

+c. To debase (coinage), falsify (measures, 


etc.). Obs. 5 

18x W. Starrorp Exam, Com). ii. (1876) 68 And if our 
treasure be farre spent and exhaust. .I could wish that any 
other order were taken for the recouery of it, then the 
deprauing of our coines, a 1632 T. Taytor God's Fudgen, 
1, 1. xxxi. (1642) 140 Among earthly princes, it is accounted 
acrime..to counterfeit or deprave their seales. 1650 FuLLER 
Pisgah 397 Vhe Levites were esteemed the fittest keepers of 
measures. . which willingly would not falsifie, or deprave the 
same. 1733 Neat Hist. Purit. 11. 424 Some Ministers in 
our state .. endeavoured to make our money not worth 
mare by depraving it. 

+d. To desecrate. Ods. rare—}. 

a@1s2g Sxecton Ware the Hauke [42 He wrought amys 
To hawke in my church of Dis.]_ 301 Dys church ye thus 
depravyd. 

2. spec. To make morally bad; to pervert, de- 
base, or corrupt morally. (The current sense.) 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 59, 1 neuyr.. hadde any 
suspycyon hethirto that the kynde of wemen hadde be 
deprauyd and defoyled by suche a foule synne. 1594 SPENSER 
Amoretti xxxi, A hart .. Whose pryde Srgennes each other 
better part. Mitton P. LZ. v. 471 One Almightie is, 
from whom All things proceed, and up to him return, If not 


Vou, IIL. 


[f. DEPRAVE v.] 


217 


deprav'd from good. 1736 Butter Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874 
I. 101 Vicious indulgence. .depraves the inward constitution 
and character, 1890 Sfec‘ator 1 Mar., ‘The belief that 
a witch was a person who leagued herself with the Devil to 
defy God and deprave man. 3 

+3. To pervert the meaning or intention of, to 
pervert by misconstruing. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir 2 Pet. iii, 16 Summe harde thinges in vnder- 
stondinge, the whiche unwijse. .men deprauen. .to her owne 
perdicioun. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 93 By. .de- 
pravynge and mysiudgyng his entent in thynges that be good. 
181 J. Bett //addon's Answ. Osor. 344b, What can be 
spoken so sincerely, but by sinister construing may be de- 
praved? 1643 Mitton Divorce u. xiii. Wks. 1738 I. 198 Our 
Saviour here confutes not Moses’ Law, but the false Glosses 
that deprav'd the Law. 1660 H. More J/yst. Godliness v1. 
xvii. 214, | must confess they have not depraved the meaning 
of the seventh verse. 1703 [see Depravine 72. sd.). 

+4. To represent as bad; to vilify, defame, 
decry, disparage. Ods. [So It. ‘defravare .. to 
backbite’ (Florio). } 

1362 Lanai. P, P27. A. 111. 172, I com not to chyde, Ne to de- 
praue pi persone witha proud herte. 1388 Wycuir /’707, i. 29 
‘Thei depraueden al myn amendyng [1382 bacbitiden]. 1432-50 
tr. //igden (Rolls) IL. 159 The peple of Englonde deprauenge 
theire owne thynges commende other straunge. 1581 J. Bet. 
Haddon's Answ, Osor. tb, How maliciously and wickedly 
England hath bene accused and depraved by her cursed 
enemy Osorius. 1642 RoGrers Vaaman 97 Perhaps I shall 
heare the godly depraved, jeered at. 1667 Mitton 7. Z. v1. 
174 Unjustly thou deprav’st it with the name Of Servitude. 

+b. adsol. 

1599 Suaxs. Much Ado v. i. 95 Fashion-monging boyes, 
‘That lye, and cog, and flout, depraue, and slander. 1816 
Byron Monody on Sheridan 73 Behold the host ! delighting 
to deprave, Who track the steps of Glory to the grave.. 
Distort the truth, accumulate the lie, And pile the pyramid 
of Calumny ! 

+ 5. zur. To grow or become bad or depraved ; 
to suffer corruption. Ods. rare. 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. u. iii. § 28 A Self-sufficiency, that 
soon improved into Plenty, that quickly depraved into Riot, 
and that at last occasioned their Ruin. 

4] Formerly often confused with, or erroneously 
used for, DEPRIVE. 

1572 J. Joxes Bathes of Bath Ep. Ded. 2 Sicknesse 
.. depriveth, deminisheth or depraveth the partes acci- 
dentally of their operations. ¢1614 Drayton Legend of 
Duke Robert (1748) 194 O that a tyrant then should me 
deprave Of that which else all living creatures have! 1621 
Burton Anat, Afeé. 1. ii. 1, iv, Lunatick persons, that are 
depraved [edd. 1660 and later deprived] of their wits by the 
Moones motion, 1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1x. 407 John the 17, 
who after he was depraved his Papacy, had his eyes pulled 
out. 1732 ArputHnot Axles of Diet 263 Oils entirely 
deprav'd of their Salts are not acrid. 

Depraved (dipréivd), Ap/. a. 
repr. L. dépravatus, ¥. dépravé.) 

1. Rendered bad or worse; perverted, vitiated, 
debased, corrupt. Now chiefly of taste, appetite, 
and the like. 

x6r0 Guitiim /Teraldry i. iv. (1660) 113 We take no 
notice of any other forme. . but onely of this depraved shape. 
1656 Ripctey Pract. Physick 73 Convulsion is a glepraved 
motion of the Muscles. @ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) II. 
363 She corrected a depraved place in Cyprian. 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 268 ? 4 If chev would but correct their depraved 
‘Taste. 1736 Baitey Househ. Dict. 34 A depraved Appetite, 
is when a person desires to eat and drink things that are unfit 
for food; as..earth, mortar, chalk, and such like things. 
1807 Opie Lect. Art iv. (1848) 321 A moderately lively red 
.-will appear brilliant, if surrounded by others of the same 
class but of a more depraved quality, 1816 KrAtIncE 77a7’. 
(1817) I. 37 Fruit. .every species here is dwindled in growth 
and depraved in flavour. 1889 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. 
Women xvi. (ed. 4) 119 The women are always in what may 
be vaguely called, depraved health. 

2. spec. Rendered morally bad ; corrupt, wicked. 

1594 Hooker Ecc?. Pol, 1. x. § 1 Presuming man to be, in 
regard of his depraued minde, little better than a wild beast. 
1667 Mitton P, L. xt. 806 So all shall turn degenerate, all 
deprav’d. 1736 Butter Anal. 1. vy. Wks. 1874 I. 102 De- 
praved creatures want to be renewed. 1798 Ferriar ///ustr. 
Sterne i. 11 The morals of the Court were most depraved. 
1836-9 Dickens S%. Boz (C. D. ed.) 221 A place of resort for 
the worst and most depraved characters 


[f prec. + -ED, 


Deprave (dépréi-vedli, -e-vdli), adv. [f. 
prec.+-LY*.] In a depraved manner ; perversely, 
corruptly. 


1643 Sir T. Browne Rel, Med. To Rdr., The writings .. 
depravedly, anticipatively counterfeitly imprinted, 1652 
J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nature's Paradox 208 So depravedly 
reprobate. a@1693 Urqunart Radelais 1. xxiii. 136 What 
moved .. him to be so .. depravedly bent against the good 
Fathers? 

Depra‘vedness. [f. as prec.+-NEss.] De- 
praved or-corrupt quality or condition ; depravity. 

1612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl., O. T. xvi. iv, No place 
could be too private for an honest prophet, in so extreame 
depravednesse. 1642 Rocers Naaman ‘Vo Rdr. §2 The 
depravednesse and disorder of the appetite. 1715 Hist. 
Remark. Tryals A, The Depravedness of Human Nature. 
1885 L. OLirpHantr Syzpneumata xv, 224 His unsoundness, 
and insaneness, and depravedness of outer structure, 


Depravement (d/pré'-vmént). arch. [f. De- 
PRAVE Y. +-MENT.) Depravation, perversion, cor- 
ruption ; >} misinterpretation. 

1645 Mitton 7etrarch. Pr. Wks. (1847) 212/2 That such an 
irreligious depravement..may be..solidly refuted, and in 
the room a better explanation given. 1646 Sir IT’, Browne 
Pseud, Ep. 1. x. 42 ‘That apparitions. -are either deceptions 
of sight, or 3 of phancy. 1 
Gutptn Demeonol. (1867) 120 Our thoughts do not naturally 


DEPRECANT. 


delight in spiritual things, because of their depravement. 
1779 SWINBURNE Trav. Spain xli. (R.\, A period..when all 
arts and sciences were fallen to the lowest ebb of deprave- 
ment, 1839 J. R. Dartey /ulrod. Beaum, & Fl. Wks. 1. 
35 Is the graziose of Correggio an improvement on the 
grandiose of Raffael, or a voluptuous depravement of it? 

Depraver (d/pré'-vo1). Also 7 -our. [f. DE- 
PRAVE v. +-ER1,] One who depraves, 

1. One who corrupts, perverts, or debases; a cor- 
rupter, perverter. 

1557 [see Derraveress]. 1563-87 Foxe A. §& J. (1596) 
39/2 The deprauers of the ueritie. 1633 ‘I’. Apams Fx. 
2 Peter ii, 1 The devil, that ..depraver of all goodness. 
1709 J. Jounson Clergym. Vade M. 1. 247 Vhey that tear, 
or cut the books of the Old or New Testament. .or sell them 
to Depravers of books .. are excommunicated for a year. 
1878 DowpEN Stud, Lit. 34 The great depravers of religion. 

+2. One who vilifies or defames; a defamer, 
traducer. Ods. 

1584 Wuitcirt Let. to Burghley, A defender, not a de- 
praver, of the present state and government. @1634 Cuar- 
MAN oun, xxi, So shall pale Envy famish with her food, 
And thou spread further by thy vain depravours [rie 
favours]. 1642 Cuas. I Sf. 27 Sept. in Rushw. //7st. Codd. 
ut. II. 22 Brownists, Anabaptists, and publick Depravers of 
the Book of Common Prayer, 1709 Stryee Aun, Ref. 1. ii. 71 
Penalties appointed for depravers of the said book, and such 
as should speak in derogation of anything contained in it. 

+Depra‘veress. Os. nonce-wd. In 6-res, 
[f. prec. + -Ess.] A female depraver. 

1557 Tottedl’s Misc. (Arb.) 177 (Vustedfast Woman) O 
temerous tauntres that delightes in toyes .. Iangling iestres, 
depraueres [e/. 2 deprauers] of swete ioyes. . 

Depra‘ving, 7/. sb. [f. Deprave vi+-1nc1.] 
The action of the verb DrPRAVE in various senses, 

a1goo Cuchow §& Night. xxxv, Thereof cometh .. anger 
and envie, Depraving, shame, untrust, and jelousie. 1548 
Act1§ 2 Edw. VI, c.i. § 2 If any manner of person, .shall 
preache, declare or speake any thinge in the derogacion or 
depravinge of the saide Booke [of Common Prayer]. 1583 

BABINGTON Commandm. ix. (1637) 87 ‘Telling and hearing 
the depravings of the wicked. 1703 J. Barretr Analecta 
48 It would be a manifest depraving of that sacred ‘Text.. 
to turn it thus, 

Depra‘ving, ///. a. [-Inc2.] That depraves; 
+ defaming, traducing (ods.). 

1606 Hotianp Sueton. 152 Some depraving backe-friendes 
of hers. 1686 W. pe Britains Hum, Prud. vi. 2g A clear 
Soul, like a Castle, against all the Artillery of depraving 
Spirits, is impregnable. 1881 A ¢henvum 24 Dec. 847/2 
‘The story has not a depraving tendency. 

Hence Depra‘vingly a/v. 

1665 J. Wess Stone-/feng (1725) 71 His Words..as this 
Doctor..both inelegantly and depravingly renders them. 

Depravity (d/previti). [An extension of 
Pravity (ad. L. pravitds) previously used in same 
sense, after Drprave and its derivatives. (No 
corresponding form in Latin or French.)] The 
quality or condition of being depraved or corrupt. 

+a. Perverted or corrupted quality. Ods. 

1643 Sir ‘I. Browne Red, Aled. u. $7 An humorous de- 
pravity of mind. 1758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg.(1771) 
298 A depravity in the Fluids may have a great Share in 
producing these Symptoms. 

b. Perversion of the moral faculties ; corruption, 
viciousness, abandoned wickedness. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. vit. i, By aberration of 
conceit they extenuate his depravitie, and ascribe some 
goodnesse unto him. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom, Forest 
i, Such depravity cannot surely exist in human. nature. 
1830 Mackintosu Eth, Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 232 ‘he wind- 
ing approaches of temptation, the slippery path to depravity. 
1883 FRoupE Short Stud., Origen 1V.11. 300 The conscience 
of the ignorant masses..was rising in indignation against 
the depravity of the educated. 

e. Zheol, The innate corruption of human nature 
due to original sin. Often sotal depravity. 

In common use from the time of Jonathan Edwards: the 


i 
depravity of the heart. But... it is vulgarly understood in 
that latitude, which includes not only the depravity of 


nature, but the imputation of Adam’s first sin. 1794 A. 
Futter Let??. i. 3 July Wks. 302 On the total depravity of 
Human Nature. 1874 J. H. Brunt Dict. Sects s.v. Cad- 
vinists, Both the elect and non-elect come into the world in 
a state of total depravity and alienation from God, and can, 
of themselves, do nothing but sin. — 

d, A depraved act or practice. 

1641 Mitton Reform. 1. (1851) 4 Characterizing the De- 
pravities of the Church, 1665 GLanviLL Sceps. Scr. xiv. go 
As some Regions have their proper Vices..so they have 
their mental depravities, which are drawn in with the air of 
their Countrey. 1808 J. Marco-m Anecd. London 18th C. 
(Title-p.), Anecdotes of the Depravities, Dresses and Amuse- 
ments of the Citizens of London, 

+De-precable, 2. Ods. rare. [In form ad. L. 
déprecabilis that may be entreated (Vulgate) ; but 
in sense from DEPRECATE v.] Capable of being, 


or to be, deprecated. 

1633 1. Avams Ex. 2 Peter ii. 4 detestable sin, a de- 
precable punishment ! 1648 Zikox Bas. 149, 1 look upon the 
Fr caeal Desiriicsion of the greatest King as far less de- 
precable than the Eternal Damnation of the Meanest Subject. 

+ De'precant, A//. 2. Obs. [ad. L. deprecant- 
em, pr. pple. of déprecdéri to DEPRECATE.] Depre- 
cating. : 

28* 


DEPRECATE. 


1624 F. Wire Refl. Fisher 541 Meanes and causes i 
trant, or deprecant, to appease Gods wrath. /éid. 549 By 
Satisfi he vnd deth deprecant Satisfaction, not 
compensant. 


te (de'prikeit), v. [f. L. déprecat-, 
ppl. stem of déprecarvi to pray (a thing) away, to 
ward off by praying, pray against, f. De- I. 2 + 
precari to pray.] 

1. trans. To pray against (evil); to pray for de- 
liverance from ; to seek to avert by prayer. arch. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Meddling Man (Arb.) 89 Wise 
men still deprecate these mens kindnesses. 1631 Goucr 

‘ad's Arrows ii. § 3. 135 ‘The judgements which Salomon 
-.earnestly deprecateth and prayeth against. 1633 Br. 
Hatt Medit. (1851) 153, 1 cannot deprecate thy rebuke : 
my sins call for correction: but I deprecate thine anger. 
1778 Lowtn 7rans/. /sa‘ah x\vii. 11 Evil shall come upon 
thee, which thou shalt not know how to deprecate. 1833 
Hr. Martineau Three Ages ii. 47 While the rest of the 
nation were at church, deprecating God's judgments. 

+2. intr. To pray (against). Obs. rare. 

Gavutrt Magastrom. 37 Where we are to deprecate.. 
— dangers of waters, let us commemorate the saving 
of Noah in the flood. 

3. trans. To plead earnestly against ; to express 
an earnest wish against (a proceeding) ; to express 
earnest disapproval of (a course, plan, purpose, etc.). 

1641 J. Snute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 133 Saint Paul 
undertaketh .. that he shall return and deprecate his fault. 
1646 Sir T. Browne send. Ef. vu. xix. 385 Other accounts. . 
whose verities not onely, but whose relations honest minds 
doe deprecate. 1659 Br. Watton Consid. Considered V. §2 
Cappellus..no where that I know affirms this, but rather 
deprecates it as a calumny. 1742 Fieipinc ¥. Andrews 
1v. vi, I believe .. he’d behave so that no! ody should depre- 
cate what I had done. 1808 Med. ¥rud. X1X. 389, I cannot 
help deprecating the conduct of the other two anatomists. 
1875 OuseLey A/us. Form xiii. 60 Such a method of pro- 
ceeding is greatly to be deprecated. 1882 7¥mes 5 Dec. 7 
‘To deprecate panic is an excellent counsel in itself. 

+4. To make prayer or supplication to, to be- 
seech (a person). Obs. 

1624 F. Waite Repl. Fisher Pref. 10 You haue libertie to 
deprecate his Gratious Maiestie to forget things past. 1715- 
20 Pore //iad 1x. 236 Much he advised them all, Ulysses 
most, To deprecate the chief, and save the host. 1758 Jonn- 
son /dler No. 11 ?7 To deprecate the clouds lest sorrow 
should overwhelm us, is the cowardice of idleness. 1822 T. 
Tayior Apuleius 75 But the most iniquitous woman, falling 
at his knees, deprecated him as follows: Why, O my sone 
I beseech you, do you give [etc ]. 

+b. adsol. ‘Yo make supplication. Obs, 

1625 Donne Servm. 24 Feb. (1626) 8 He falls vpon his face 
.-and laments, and deprecates on their behalfe. 

+5. To call down by prayer, invoke (evil). Ods. 

1746 W. Horstey Fool (1748) I. No. 16. 114 Deprecating 
on unhappy Criminals, under Sentence of Death, all the 
Mischief they can think of. @1790 FRANKLIN A ufodiog. 
442 Upon the heads of these very mischievous men they 
deprecated no vengeance. 

Hence Deprecated ///. a., De precating 7//. 
sb. and ppl. a. 

1768 C. SHaw Vonody vii. 61 Why. strike this deprecated 
blow? 1839 Vrwes 11 July in Spirit Metropol. Conserv. 
Press (1840) I. 158 To persist in such a deprecated and 
odious innovation, 

Deprecatingly (de‘pr/keitinli), adv. [f. De- 
PRECATING ffl. a. + -LY*.] In a deprecating 
manner, 

1837 Marrvat Dog-fiend i. 10 ‘O Lord, sir ! let me off this 
time, it's only a so/dier', said S. deprecatingly. 1863 Gro, 
Extot Romo/a ut. xix, She put up one hand deprecatingly 
to arrest Romola’s remonstrance. 

Deprecation (depr/ké'fan).  [a. F. dépréca- 
tion (12th c, in Hatzt.\, ad. L. déprecation-em, n. 
of action from déprecar7 to Deprecate.] The 
action of deprecating. 

+1. Intercessory prayer. Oés. [So in L.] 

1556 Lauper 7ractate (1864) 19 The deprecatioun of the 
maker for all Catholyke kyngis and prencis and thare liegis. 

2. Prayer for the averting or removal (of evil, 
disaster, etc.). 

1596 J. Norpen Progr. Pietie (1847) 12 Deprecation, or a 
Prayer to prevent evils, whereby we desire God to remove sin 
from us and whatsoever punishment we have in justice de- 
served, 1631 Star Cham, Cases(Camden)87 My Lord Keeper 
answered with a d tion: God forbid that Norfolke 
should be divided in custome from all England. 1649 
Roserrs Claris Bid/, 342 His Deprecation of two things, 
viz. Present evils, and Future feares. True Worship 
God 8 A Confession of sin, Deprecation 70ds displeasure, 
Imploring his Mercy. 1754-8 T. Newron Prophecies, 
Daniel xiv, 221 If there shi need of greater intercession 
and deprecation. 1 . H. Newman Cadlista xvi, No 
reversal or respite had followed their most assiduous acts of 
deprecation. 1892 W. B. Scorr Autod, 1. xxiv. 343 The 
processional deprecations of the Devil Worshippers. 

+b. Formerly: Prayer for forgiveness, Ods. 
1604 R. Cawvrey Tadle Phan Deprecation, supplication, 


or requiring of pardon, 1633 T. Apams £-xf. 2 Peter ii. 6 
‘They may en run on their impious courses without any 


or dep 
3. Entreaty or earnest desire that something may 
be averted or removed ; earnest expression of feel- 


ing against (a pro 1, practice, etc.). 
p Ben Br. Aol gy snes) T. XX. ix, } 


218 
4. Imprecation : curse. Ods, rare. 

1634 Brereton 7'rav. (1844) 48 Her sister denied, and with 
this ion, wished if she had any bread, that it might 
be turned into a stone. a1804 W. Gitrin Sermz. III. xi. 
(R.), We may .. to him the scriptural d ion, 
* He that withholdeth his corn, the shall curse him.’ 

tive (de‘préke'tiv), a. [a. F. dépré- 
calif, -ive (13th c. in Britton, 14th c. in Hatzf.\, 
ad. L. déprecativ-us, f. ppl. stem of déprecari to 
DEPRECATE: see -IVE. aving the quality of de- 
recating ; of or pertaining to deprecation. +a. 
ntercessory, precative (ods.). b. Praying for de- 
liverance from evil. ¢. Expressing earnest dis- 
approval (of a proposal). , 


dd 


DEPRECIATORY. 


to make cheaper. Woon’ se 7 . 
we shall .. Depretiate Silver 


Let. Abbé Raynal: ae E i hi 

et. a (1791) 25 rege copy 5 jis own 
a gl pes own concent Mu Pol. Econ, 

t is true obligation to in specie, 
did put it in the power of the Bank to eee 
rency. Birnect Counting-House Di 
ciation, Bank Notes or State Notes are i 
when issued against a small reserve of 

2. To lower in estimation ; to 
value ; to underrate, undervalue, belittle. 

1666 Bovie Orig. Formes 4 Qual. To Rdr, Where .. 
I do indefinitely depretiate Aristotle's Doctrine, I would be 
understood to mk at his Physicks. 1704 Hearne Duct. 
Hist. (744) I. 262 

ot to di 


1656 BLount Glossogr., 


it as of less 


Alexander .. began to extoll his own 
ritiate those of his Father Philip. 


1490 Caxton Eneydos ix. 37 To the, thenne.. I 
my thoughte deprecatyue.. that it maye playse the to 
entende to the correction of the maners .. of our matrones. 
a1617 Bayne Diocesans Tryail (1621) 58 They imposed 
hands even on Deaconesses, where it could not be otherwise 
considered then a deprecative gesture. 167a-5 T. Comper 
Comp. to Temple 1, 752 (R.) The form itself is very ancient, 
consisting .. of two parts, the first deprecative, the second 
indicative ; the one intreating for pardon, the other dispens- 
ing it. 1884 Century Mag. XXVIII. 588 It better pleased 
his deprecative soul to put them in an empty cigar-box. 

Hence De'precatively adv., in a deprecative 
manner; in the way of entreaty for deliverance. 

1638 Penit. Conf. viii. (1657) 270 The form of absolution is 
expressed in the third person deprecatively. 1879 P. R. 
Daummonn Perthshire 1, xiv. 80 Looking up to him depre- 
catively, he said [etc.]}. 

Deprecator (deprike'tar). [a. L. déprecator, 
agent-n. from L. déprecdri to DEPRECATE.] One 
who deprecates; +a petitioner (ods.). 

1656 ‘Tare Comm. Fohn xiv. 16 And he shall give you 
another Comforter, Or, pleader, deprecator, advocate. 1794 
T. Tayvior Pausanias 1. 220 That they should propitiate 
Jupiter, and employ AZacus .. as their deprecator. 

Deprecatory (de‘prike'tari), a. (sb.) [ad. L. 
deprecatort-us, t. déprecator: see prec. and -ony. 
Cf. F. déprécatoire (15th c. in Hatzf.).] 

A. adj. 1. Serving to deprecate ; that prays for 
deliverance from or aversion of evil. 

1586 A. Day /ng. Secretary 1. (1625) 21 Deprecatorie, in 
praying for pardon of a thing committed. 1622 Bacon 
Hen. VII, 190 Bishop Fox .. sent many humble and depre- 
catorie letters to the Scottish King, to appease him. ¢ 1630 
Donne Sern. |. 504 All his Prayer ..is but Deprecatory, 
he does but pray that God will forbeare him. 1738 War- 
BuRTON Div. Legat, 1. 1. 1. 89 Deprecatory Rites to avert 
Evil. 

2. Expressing a wish or hope that something 
feared may be averted; deprecating anticipated 
disapproval. 

1704 Swirt 7. 7ué iii. (T.\, Before Ighad performed the 
due discourses, expostulatory, supplicatory, or deprecatory, 
with my good lords the criticks. 1838 Lytton Lesa. v, 
The Israelite did .. seem to hear this deprecatory remon- 
strance. 1871 H. AinswortuH Vower Hill 1. viii, * Your 
Grace is mistaken’, observed Cromwell, in a deprecatory 
tone. — Etior Middlem, xvi, ‘Oh’, said eemenk 
with a sight deprecatory laugh, ‘I was only going to say 
that we sometimes have dancing.’ 

+B. sh. A deprecatory word or expression. Ods, 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes w.i.171 To convey his Con- 
solatories, Suasories, Deprecatories. ar Nortn Zaam. 
(1740) 343 Now he is passive, full of Deprecatories and 
Apologetics. 

fence De‘precatorily adv., in a deprecatory 
manner, in a way that expresses a prayer or desire 
against something. 

1873 Brit. Q. Rev. 388, ‘1 do not know’, said Sir William, 
deprecatorily, ‘that it is necessary to go down so low as 


that.’ 
+Depre’ce, 7. Os. rare. [See note below. ] 


trans. ?To set free from confinement or restraint ; 


| to release. 


sueesien s of 
evil to a malicious man are no better than advices. 1752 


Jounson Rambler No. 208 ?7 The censures of criticism, 
which, however, I shall not e 
deprecation. 1863 Gro. Extor Romola 1, i, [He] turned his 
- glassy eye on the frank speaker with a look of deprecation. 
1870 Dickens /. Drood ii, In a tone of gentle deprecation, 


your to soften by a formal | 


1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knut. 1219 Bot wolde 3e, lady louely, 
pen a me grante, & deprece your prysoun [prisoner], & 
pray hym to ryse. 

(Of uncertain etymology. Defrece occurs in the same 
poem as a spelling of Derress v., but no sense of that word 
suits here. OF. had desfresser to free from a press, free 
from pressure. OF, despriser to let out of prison, release 
from confinement, app. agrees in sense, but not in form.] 

Deprece, var. of DEPRESS v. 

De t (diprifiant), a. [ad. L. dépre- 
tiant-em, pr. pple, of depretiare: see next.) De- 


peecieting. 
1885 F. Hatt in Nation XL. 466/2 Whois so superfluously 
self-depreciant and lowly-minded. L 


te (diprifieit), v. Also depretiate. 


[f..L. dépretiat- (-ciat-), ppl. stem of dépretiare (in 
med.L. commonly spelt dépreciare), f, De- I,1 + 


pretium price, Cf. mod.F. déprécier (Dict. Acad. 
1762).] 
{ trans. To lower in value, lessen the value of. 
win 4 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1v.x. 205 A method..which 
much depreciates the esteeme and value of 1664 
Power xf. Philos. 1. $3 As these dioptrical Glasses, do 
heighten and illustrate the Works of Nature, so do they .. 
tos Hcah chenetn depreciated tea Linge toaaty 
Vv. 102 thought it ted the Dignity ragedy 
to raise a Smile, 1862 Fraser's Mag. Nov, 631 Our archi 
tectural reputation, never high, is still more depreciated by 
the building at South Kensington. 
b. sfec. To lower the price r market value of; 


to reduce the purchasing power of (money). 


Junius Lett, ii. 13 His bounty .. this writer would in vain’ 
depreciate. 1865 Dickens A/ut. Fr. ut. ix, 1 don’t like to 
— = oe on yr If. 1875 — — “—) 

. 1x Pleasure 0] is depreciated as relative, w 
good is exalted as absolute. 3 


absol, 175% Jounson Rambler No. 93 ® 13 The duty of 
criticism is neither to depreciate nor Renify by ial re- 
presentations. 1804 M/an in Moon No. 189 He de- 


reciates from the merits of the very man he had aera 
fore. 1882 A. W. Warp Dickens iii. 54 At the bottom 


lay a desire to depreciate. . 
3. intr. To fall in value, to become of less worth. 
@ 1790 FRANKLIN A utobiog. (1889) 118 The wealthy inhabi- 

tants oppos’d .. all paper currency, from an nsion 

that it would depreciate. 1796 Morse Amer. & 

This breed of horses has much depreciated of late. rash 

De Quincey Is. (1862) V. 62 A lly to have d jated 

as he grew older and better known to the world. 1884 

Manch, Exam, 8 May 5/3 Conditions which caused property 

to depreciate. 

Depreciated (dipri‘fije'téd), pp/. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED.] Lowered in value or estimation. 


Depre‘ciating, é/. s. [-1Nc!.] The action 
of lowering in value, price, or estimation ; depre- 
ciation. 

1705 Stannore Paraphr. 1.141 A wilful depretiating of 
one’s own Worth. 1767 Biackstone Conem. Th. 282 What- 
ever tends to the destruction, or.depreciating the value, of 
the inheritance. 1 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 403 
Open depreciatings and ridicule can do no good. 


Depre‘ciating, 4//. a. [-1Nc*.] That de- 
section: that lessens or seeks to lower the value 
of anything ; that is declining in value. 

M Amer. Geog. 1. Thi iati 
Srncy wae aimoot the shty taeda of eatin, seas Werte 


— —— the only . 9 

Ett /ist. Induct. Sc. (1857) I. iii. 1 depreciatin; 
manner in which he [Delam Jhabitually speaks of. peoen 4 
nomers. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x. xii. § 4, I never 


heard him say one depreciating word of living man, 
Hence Depre‘ciatingly adv., in a depreciating 


manner; disparagingly. 

1837 Fraser's Mag. XV. 328 That gentleman spoke of the 
National Gallery very eciatingly. F. Hait 
Vdsavadattd Pref. 22 note, A poet g ingly de- 
Literary 


clares [etc.]. 1868 M. Parrison Academ, Org. ii. 


men ..are apt to think depreciatingly of the yasa 
ci 
tion (diprifiz*fan) [n. of action 


from Depreciate v. ; so mod.F. dépréciation (1784 
in Hatzf.).] The action of depreciating. 

1. Lowering of value; fall in the exchangeable 
value (of ey 

1767 hg yt sen IV. 90 é of the 

‘ orse A mer. Geog. depreciati 
conten Bat avert and even a lenared and fifty 
nominal paper dollars, were hardly an equivalent for one 
Spanish milled dollar. 18a9 1. Taytor Exthus. ix. 225 
A great depreciation of the dard of ones 
Lo 1879 H. Fawcerv in 19¢h Cent, Feb, 200 Within 
the few years there been a most serious 
in the value of silver when compared with gold, 

2. Lowering in estimation ; dis; ment. 

1790 Br. T. Burcess Serm. Divin. Christ, Note iii, Dan- 
gerous .. to form comparisons. .where the preference of one 
tends to the depreciation of the other. 1831 Lama Z/ia, 
Ellistoniana, Resentment of depreciations done to Bs more 
lofty intellectual pretensions, 187a Gro. Exior Afi b 
"Deprecintive (arprr fic preci: tek a a. 

speqpociaaive (ctper, Vv), @. depretiat- 
(see DEPRECIATE ¥.) + -IVE. ” Characterized by 
depreciating ; given to de on ; depreciatory. 

ay pig at orn ed ‘ 4 

preciator (diprifije'ter). [a. L. dépretiator 
(déprec-) (Tertull.), agent-n. f. i@re to Dr- 
PRECIATE.] One who depreciates. 
3799 V Knox Consid. Lord's Supper(R.\, The 
t 


depreciators 
of the Eucharist, ws) baie gen Hapa Ce (ed. EH A 
Khig! bate teed Ge shout chavs’ ey! de- 
preciators of the currency. 

Depreciatory (</prffiitari), a, [f. L. type 
*depretiatori-us, f. or; see prec. and 
-ory,] Tending to 3 of disparaging 

180g W. Tavior in Aun, Rev. III. 57 This account. .is too 

. 1875 Jowett Plato(ed. 2) V. 59, Lhave a word 
to say .. may seem to be iatory of legislators, 


DEPREDABLE. 


+ Depre‘dable, «. Ols. [f. stem of L. deprw- 
dire or F. dépréder (see DEPREDATE) + -BLE.] 
Liable to be preyed upon or consumed. 

1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon’s Adv. Learn. w. ii. 201 The 
juyce and succulencies of the body, are made less depred- 
able, if either they be made more indurate, or more dewy, 
and oyly. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Depredable, that may 
be robbed or spoiled. 

+ Depre* . Sc. Obs. [agent-n. f. a vb. *de- 
prede, a. F. dépréder, ad. L. dépredare to Dr- 
PREDATE; perh. directly repr. a F. *déprédeur.] 
= DEPREDATOR ; ravager. 

1535 Stewart Cron, Scot. 11, 304 Tua vneristin kingis .. 
Depredaris alss of halie kirk also. 

epredate (de‘pride't), v.  [f. ppl. stem of L. 
dépredare to pillage, ravage, f. De- 1. 3 + pradire 
(-avi) to make booty or prey of, f. prada booty, 
prey: Cf. F. dépréder.) : 

+1. trans. To prey upon, to make a prey of; to 
plunder, pillage. Ods. (or nonce-wa.) 

16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. vi. (1739) 30 That cor- 
rupt custom or practice of depredating those possessions 
ary toaholy use. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. / (1655) 126 
Such things as had been depredated and scrambled away 
from the Crown in his Fathers minority. 1677 Hate Prinz. 
Orig. Man. w, viii. 369 Animals. .which are more obnoxious 
to be preyed upon and depredated. [1886 Pall Mall G. 
2 Oct. 4/1 These animals [tigers and leopards] are common 
in Corea, and depredate the inhabitants in winter.] 

b. fig. To consume by waste. Ods. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 209 It [Exercise] maketh the Substance 
of the Body more Solid and Compact ; and so less apt to be 
Consumed and Depredated by the Spirits. 1662 H. Stuspe 
Ind. Nectar iii. 65; They & depredate, and dissolve, by way 
of colliquation, the flesh, A 

2. intr. To make depredations. (affected.) 

1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) 1. 250 If 
none are allowed to depredate on the fortunes of others. 
1799-1805 S. TuRNER Anglo-Sa-x. (1836) I. tv. iii. 283 Rag- 
nar Lodbrog gepretaied with success on various parts of 
Europe. 1888 Boston (Mass.) Find. 20 Oct. 2'4 Wolves .. 
invade farm yards and depredate upon chickens and calves. 

Depredation (depridé! fan). [a. F. dépréda- 
tion, in 15th c. depredacion (Hatzf.), ad. L. dépra- 
détién-em plundering, n. of action from dépredire : 
see prec.] 

1. The action of making a prey of; plundering, 
pillaging, ravaging ; also, + plundered or pillaged 
condition (0ds.). 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 343/2 Somme .. seyng his depre- 
dacion entryd in to his hows by nyght and robbed hym. 1494 
Fanyan Chron. vu. 354 By_y° depredacion & brennynge 
of our manours. 1618 Jas. Lin Fortesc. Papers (Camden) 
58 Touching his [Raleigh’s] actes of hostilitie, depredation, 
abuse .. of our Commission. 1783 Jounson Lett. to Mrs. 
Thrale x July, Till the tslghboartenod should have lost its 
habits of depredation. 1832 Hr. Martineau /redand vi. 92 
When he heard of the acts of malice and depredation. 

b. Sc. Law. (See quot.) 

1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scot. 278 Depredation or Her- 
ship, is the offence of aime away numbers of cattle or 
other bestial, by the masterful force of armed persons. . The 
punishment is capital. 

¢. An act of spoliation and robbery; /. ravages. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 9 Preamb., Robberies, felonyes, 
es riottes and other greate trespaces. 1611 SPEED 
Theat, Gt. Brit. xxviii. (1614) 55/1 In the depredations of 


the Danes. | 1688 in Somers 7racts II. 383 For redressing 
the depredations and robberies by the Highland Clans. 1798 
Ferrtar Jélustr, Sterne vi. 169 Sterne truly resembled 
Shakespeare's Biron, in the extent of his depredations from 
other writers, Lavy Hersert Cradle L. vii. 202 
Subject .. to continual depredations at the hands of the 
Bedouins. : 

2. fig. + a. Consumption or destructive waste of 
the substance of anything. Obs. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 91 The Speedy Depredation of Air 
upon Watery Moisture, and Version of the same into Air, 

P h in... the sudden discharge .. of alittle Cloud of 
Breath, or Vapour, from Glass. 1 ets Bacon's Life & 


Death Pref. ? The one ig the ption, or De- 
specs of the Body of Man; The other, touching the 
eparation, and Renovation of the same, 1651 Biccs Vew 


Disp. 124 The depredation of the strength, and very sub- 
stance of our bodies. | e 

b. f/. Destructive operations, ravages (of disease, 
physical agents). 

1663 CowLry Death Mrs. K. Philips 4 Cruel Disease !. .the 
fairest Sex .. thy Depredations most do vex. 1750 Jounson 
Rambler No. 74 ? 2 Peevishness .. may be considered as 
the canker of life, that creeps on with hourly depredations, 
1875 Lyett Princ. Geol. 11. 1. xxvii. 51 [They] perished .. 
by the depredations of the lava. 

Hence Depreda‘tionist, one who practises or 
approves. of depredations. 

1828 Bentuam IVs. (1843) X. 
people may be divided into two cl 
.-#fid the oppressionists. 

Depredator (de‘prideitar). [a. L. dépredator, 
agent-n. from dépradare (see DEPREDATE) ; perh. 
immed. ad. F, déprédateur (14th ce. in Hatzf., 
not in Cotgr. 1611, in Dict. Acad, 1798).] One 
who, or that which, preys upon or makes depreda- 
tions; a ravager, plunderer, pillager. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 492 They be both great Depre- 
datours of the Earth. 1646 J. Hay //ore Vac, 143 Hawking 
.. is ..a generous exercise, as well for variety of depra- 
dators as preys. 1799-1805 S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (1836) 
Luni. ag had been but petty and partial depre- 

ors. 1814 Scorr /Vav. xv, The depredators were twelve 


581 The enemies of the 
3 the depred 


ionists 


219 


Highlanders. 1851 Beck's Florist 100 If you should be 
annoyed by a small black insect .. use every means to en- 
courage the plants .. by brushing the depredators from the 
points of the shoots. 

Depredatory (d/pre‘dateri, de‘pr/dé'tari’, a. 
[£ L. type *déprwdatori-us, {. dépradator: see 
prec. and -ory.} Characterized by depredation ; 
plundering, laying waste. 

1651 tr. Bacon's Life & Death 38 That the Spirits and Aire 
in their actions may be the less depredatory. 1771 Mac- 
PHERSON /xutrod. Hist. Gt. Brit. 29 The irruption of the 
Cimbri was not merely depredatory. 1799-1805 S. Turner 
Anglo-Sax. (1836) I. ut. i. 149 More fortunate than their de- 
predatory countrymen who had preceded them. 

+ Depre'dicate, v. Ols. rave. [f. De- 1. 3+ 
PREDICATE v.] To proclaim aloud; call out; 
celebrate. 

1550 VERON Gadly Sayings (1846) 148 Do not nowe the 
enemyes of the truth..as they are syttyng on theyr ale 
benches, depredycate and saye: Where is extortyon, 
bryberye and pyllynge nowe a dayes most used? 1659 
Hammonp Ox /’s, Annot. 1 The Hebrew .. which in Piel 
signifies to praise, or celebrate, or depradicate. 1674 Hick- 
MAN Quinguart, Hist, (ed. 2) 237, | wish .. that he had not 
depredicated the invincible constancy of Mr. Barret, as he 


doth, 
+ Deprehend (depr/hend), v. Oés. [ad. L. 


déprehend-cre to take or snatch away, seize, catch, 
detect, etc., f. De- I. 2 + prehend-cre to lay hold 
of, seize. J . 

1. “rans. To seize, capture ; to arrest, apprehend, 

1532 More Sey ae Barnes vii. Wks. 758/1 He would 
.. cause them to be deprehended and taken. a@1572 Knox 
Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 1. 6 About the year of God 1431, was 
deprehended in the Universitie of Sanctandrose, one named 
Paull Craw, a Bohame .. accused of heresye. a 1639 Sror- 
tiswoop //ist. Ch. Scot. vi. (1677) 390 With him were de- 
prehended divers missive Letters .. signed by the Earl. 1657 
S. Purcnas Pol, Flying Ins. 1. v.11 Least they should be 
deprehended for theeves. 1834 Hoce Mora Campbell 638 
‘Two wives at once to deprehend him, 

2. To catch or detect (a person) in the com- 
mission of some evil or secret deed; to take by 
surprise. 

1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1148/1 [Achan] 
myghte wel see that he was deprehended and taken agaynst 
hys wy* 1543 Grarton Contin, Harding 583 Yf he were 
deprehended in lyke cryme. 1574 Wuitcirr Def Aunsw. 
ii. Wks. 1851 I. 272 Touching the woman deprehended in 
adultery. 1622 Donne Sev. i. 6 When Moses came down 
from God, and deprehended the people in that Idolatry to 
the Calfe. 1677 Cary Chronol, 11, 1. 11, iii. 228 Being de- 
prehended a Confederate with S6, King of A°gypt.. this 
stirred up the King of Assyria against him. 

b. To convict or prove guilty (of). 

1598 GreneweEY Zacitus’ Ann, 1. xi. (1622) 80 Noting the 
countenance, and the feare of euerie one of such, which 
should be deprehended of this shamefull lauishing. 

3. To detect or discover (anything concealed or 
liable to escape notice). 

1523 in Burnet //ist. Ref II. 105 The more the said Breve 
cometh unto light .. the more falsities may be deprehended 
therein. 1607 TorseL. Mou, Beasts (1658) 430 The fraud. . 
is easily deprehended, for both the odour and the colour are 
different from the true amber. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 98 The 
Motions of the Minute Parts of Bodies .. are Invisible, and 
incurre not to the Eye; but yet they are to be deprehended 
by Experience. a 1683 WHicHcoTeE Sermz. (1698) 22 If it [our 
Religion] had been a Cheat and an imposture it would have 
been deprehended in length of Time. 

b. With subord. cl. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. xiv, In the bokes of Tulli, men may 
deprehende, that in hym lacked nat the knowlege of 
geometrye, ne musike, ne grammer, 1663 Biair A ufodiog. 
vii. (1848) 89 We deprehended it to be a mere delusion. 1675 
R. VAUGHAN Coinage 30 Easily deprehend if there be mixture 
of allay amongst it. 


Hence + Deprehe'nded ///. a., caught in the act. 


1655 Jer. Taytor Unum Necess. ix. § 1 (R.) Of the thief | 


on the cross and the deprehended adultress. 1660 — Duct. 


Dubit. um. i. rule 1 § 12. 

+ Deprehe'ndible, ¢. Os. [f. L. dprehen- 
dére + -BLE.] Capable of being detected. 

1660 H. More Myst. Godliness vu. ii. 288 The foolery of it 
{is] still more palpably deprehendible. 

+ Deprehe‘nsible, 2. Ods. 
ppl. stem of déprehend-cre + -BLE.] = prec. 

1653 H. More Antid. Ath. 11. iii. (1712) 94 His presence 
was palpably deprehensible by many freaks and pranks 
that hes played. 1660 N. InceLo Bentivolio § Urania u. 
(1682) 6x Operations which are Regular and deprehensible 
by Reason. 

Hence + Deprehe-nsibleness; + Deprehe'n- 
sibly adv. 

1664 H. More A/yst. Znig. 1. 1. viii. P13 Which if they doe 
very grossely and deprehensibly here. 1727 Battery vol. II, 
Deprehensibleness, capableness of being caught or under- 
st 

+Deprehe'nsion. 0és. [ad. L. déprehension- 
em, n. of action from adéprehendére to DEPREBEND.] 
The action of catching or taking in the act; de- 
tection ; arrest. 

x Knicut in J. S. Brewer Reign Hen. VIII, xxviii. 
(88) Il. oo Mes’ it be not in any wise known that the 
said .. deprehension should come gy dh King. 1612-5 Br. 
Hatt Contempl., N. T. w. xv, To be taken in the very act 
was no part of her sin.. yet her deprehension is made an 
E pehecgard of her shame. 1630 SANDERSON Sevvz. II. 269 

¢ next step is for deprehension, or conviction. 1649 JER. 
Taytor Gt, Exemp. xvi. ? 9 We must conceal our actions 
from the surprises and deprehensions of Suspition. 


[f. L. déprehens-, 


DEPRESS, 


+Depre'nsible, «. Os. [f. L. deprend-cre, 
déprens- shortened form of déprehendere, etc.] = 
DEPREHENSIBLE ; capable of being detected. 

1648 Sir W. Petty Advice to Hartlib 15 Such [qualities] 
as are not discernible by sense, or deprensible by Certaine 
Experiments. 

+Depre‘nsion,. (és. [cf. prec.] = Drrrenrn- 
SION, 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Votes iv. vi-vii. 214 Shame and 
deprénsion is a better friend. 

Depress (dépre's\, v. Also 4 depres’e, de- 
prece, 5-7 depresse, (6 dyprease). [a. OF. 
dépresser (Godef.), ad. L. type *dépressare (It. de- 
pressare), freq. of Wéprimére to press down. 
(CE. pressare freq. of premére in L. use.) In Eng. 
taken as the repr. of L. dépriméere, ppl. stem 
dépress-.] 

+1. trans. To put down by force, or crush in 
a contest or struggle; to overcome, subjugate, 
vanquish, Oés. 

o31328 &. LE. Addit. P. A. 777 And pou con alle po dere 
out-dryf, And fro bat maryag al ober depres. ¢ 1340 Gaw. 
§ Gr. Ant. 6 Ennias be abel and his highe kinde, at sipen 
depreced prouinces. 1432-go0 tr. //gdex (Rolls) 1. 145 The 
dogges..be so greete and feerse that thei depresse bulles 
and peresche lyones. 1529 Frit //stle to Chr. Rar. (1829) 
464 Her seed shall depress & also break thy head, 1671 
Miron Sasson 1698 So virtue... Depressed and overthrown, 
as seem'd.. Revives, reflourishes. 1675 tr. Machiazvedd:'s 
Prince iii, (Rtldg. 1883) 20 ‘The kingdom of the Macedonians 
was depress'd and Antiochus driven out. 

+b. To press hard; to ply closely with qucs- 
tions, entreaties, etc. Ods. rare. 

€1340 Gaw. & Gr. Aut. 1770 Pat prince [= princess] of 
pris depresed hym so pikke .. bat nede hym bi-houed Oper 
lach per hir luf, ober to-day refuse. 

2. To press down (in space’. Often more widely : 
To force, bring, move, or put into a lower position 
by any physical action ; to lower. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 134b, As the belowes, 
the more they depresse the flame, the more the fyre en- 
creaseth. 1646 Sir Tl. Browne /seud. 7. u. ii. 61 Needles 
which stood before .. parallel unto the Horizon, being 
vigorously excited, incline and bend downeward, depressing 
the North extreame below the Horizon. 1665 Hooke 
Alicrogr.17 The globular figure..will be deprest into the 
Elliptico-spherical. 1692 in Caft. Smith's Seaman's Gram. 
u, ili, g2 A Gunner's Quadrant to level, elevate, or depress 
his Gun, 1751 Cuampers Cycl., Depressicn of the Pole, 
So many degrees as you .. travel from the pole towards the 
equator; so many you are said to depress the pole, because 
it becomes .. so much lower or nearer the horizon. 1774 J. 
Bryant J/ythol. 1, 321 Vhe Palm was supposed to rise under 
a weight; and to thrive in proportion to its being depressed. 
1822 Imison Sc. & Art I. 154 Alternately raising and de- 
pressing the piston. 1855 Bain Senses & Jt. u. ii. § 13 
The sensation of a weight depressing the hand. 1880 
Guntuer ‘shes 41 The spines can be erected or depressed 
at the will of the fish. 

3. fg. To lower in station, fortune, or influence ; 
to put down, bring low, humble. Now sare. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 15 b, Now they lyfte up 
man to honours & dignitees, & anone they depresse hym as 
lowe in mysery. 1648 Mitton 7cnure A ings Wks. 1738 1. 
321 By depressing .. their King far below the rank of a 
Subject to the condition of a Captive. r70x Swirt Contests 
Nobles & Com..ii, Marius. . used all endeavours for depressing 
the nobles, and raising the people. 1777 Rosertson ///st. 
Amer. (1778) IL. vi. 280 A people depressed into the lowest 
state of subjection. 1857 Buckie Craidiz. 1. vii. 457 Each 
of these vast measures has depresssed a powerful party. 

+b. To keep down, repress, restrain from ac- 
tivity; to put down, suppress ; to oppress. Ods. 

@ 1862 in G. Cavendish Wodsey (1818) I. 543, I request his 
grace..that he haue a vigilant eye to depress this newe sorte 
of Lutherans, that it doe not encrease. 1605 VERSTEGAN Dec. 
Intell. vi. (1628) 182 The Conqueror .. had no reason by still 
depressing the English to prouoke them to breake all 
bounds of obedience. 1617 Frercuer Valentinian 1. iii, 
Pray, Depress your spirit. 1679 PENN Addr. Prot. 1. 52 
Therefore depress Vice and cherish Virtue. 1773 J. Ross 
Fratricide w. 544 (MS.) He..stands.. Depressing the keen- 
strugglings of his breast. 1861 O'Curry Lect. 1S. Materials 
263 The descendants of the earlier colonists, depressed and 
enslaved by their conquerors. 

+4. To bring down in estimation or credit; to 
depreciate, disparage. Oés. 

1550 CrowLey £fzgr. 898 But other mens doynges they 
wyll euer dyprease, For other can do nought that may theyr 
mynde please. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. vii. § 1 They 
which disgrace or depresse the credit of others. 1659 Br. 
Watton Consid. Considered 1. xv, He... seeks to depresse 
the worth of the book. 1699 BentLey Pad. 423 Raise or 
depress the Character ofa Man of Letters. 1791 MACKINTOSH 
Vind, Gallice 310 The frantic loyalty which depressed 
Paradise Lost. 

+b. To lower in dignity, make undignified ; to 
debase. Ods. 

1654 Gayton Pleas, Notes 1. vi. 21 If such abilities depresse 
not themselves by meane subjects, but keep up the gravity of 
their stiles. 17z1 Appison Sfect. No. 39 ? 6, Cerca a noble 
Sentiment that is depressed with homely Language, infinitely 
before a vulgar one that is blown up with all the Sound and 
Energy of Expression. 

5. To lower or bring down in force, vigour, 
activity, intensity, or amount; to render weaker or 
less ; to render dull or languid, y 

Now usually in relation to trade, etc., in which use it is 
often associated with sense 6. 

1647 May //ist. Parl..1, ix. 110 Which must needs 
depresse the strength of England, and keepe it from 

28*-2 


DEPRESS. 


so much 


.. raises the I i and dep Judg 

Med. Fru. Vill. 78 ‘That accumulation of feces, which 
tends to depress and greatly impede the functions, 1 
Brewster Oftics xxviii. 233 It depresses the tints in 
the two quadrants which the axis of the plate crosses. 1878 
Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 122 When the trade is depressed, 
and when wages and interest are low. 


nesse. 1710 STEELE V'atler No. 241 P1 Wine | 


220 


ible (dépre’sib’l), a. [f. L. dépress-, 


' ppl. stem of déprimére (see DEPRESS v.) + -BLE.] 


b. To lower in pitch, to flatten (the voice, or a. | 


musical note). : ‘ 
1530 Patscr. 48 Whan the redar hath lyft up his voyce at 
the soundyn the said vowel. .he shal, whan he commeth 
to the last sillable, depresse his voyce agayne. 
Redgauntlet Let. xi, He commenced his tale. .in a distinct 
.-tone of voice, which he raised and depressed with con- 
siderable skill. 1878 W. H. Stone Sci. Basis Music v. 53 


Capable of being depressed (/#¢. and fig.). 


— O. W. Hotmes ete akf.-t. bag de ini one of 
those young persons .. who are impressil necessit) 
de exible when their nervous systems are overtasked. 188: 


Gi in Encycl. Brit. X11. ra the hi h 
of fain] are, however; doprensbls in ome Siesction only. 
(dipre'sin), vd/. sb. [f. Dep: 


v.+ -ING!.] The action of the verb Depress ; 


| depression. 


1824 Scorr © 


If then we make each of the four fifths one-fourth of acomma _ 


da whole c 


flat, the resulting third is dep: 


6. To bring into low spirits, cast down mentally, 


dispirit, deject, sadden. (The chief current use.) 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. u. iii. 1. (1676) 209/1 Hope 
refresheth as much as misery depresseth. ¢ 1698 Locke 
Cond. Underst. $39 Others .. depress their own minds, 
despond at the first difficulty. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 249 
? 5 [he Gloom which is apt to depress the Mind and damp 
our Spirits. 1806 J. Fornes Lett. /r. France 11. 321 We 
came. .amidst rain and wind, and depressed by ill-forebodings. 
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xi, ‘This house depresses and 
chills one’, said Kate. 

+7. Alg. To reduce to a lower degree or power. 

1673 Wactis in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) I. 561 The 
method of depressing biquadratic equations to quadratic. 
sere JeAKE Arith, (1696) 372 The Quotients being depressed 
by Reduction in Species, may be brought to..4+4 3. 1816 
tr. Lacrotix’s Diff. & Int, Calculus 193 This formula furnishes 
the means of depressing to unity the index of the denom- 
inator. 


+ Depre'ss, f//. a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dépress- 
us, pa. pple. of déprimeére: see prec.] = DEPRESSED. 

¢ 1660 Hammonn H’ks 1. 259 (R.) If the seal be depress or 
hollow, ‘tis lawful to wear, but not to seal with it. 

Depressant (d/pre‘sint), a. and sb, Med. [f. 
DEPRESS v. ; see -ANT1.] 


1641 Witkins Math, Magick 1, iv. (1648) 25 In the depress- 
ing, or elevating .. of any weight 1660 Bove New Exf. 
Sew Mech. ix. 69 Upon the quick depressing of t 

ucker. 


i ae ppl. a. [-1NG 2.] That depresses 
(see the verb: ; usually in fig. senses, esf: 6; caus- 
ing depression or lowness of spirits. 

1789 W. Bucnan Dom. Med. (1790) 467 Excessive fear, 
grief, anger, religious melancholy, or any of the depressing 
passions. 1814 Scotr Wav. viii, The whole scene was 
depressing. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 205 A lower 
studding-sail. .is a depressing sail. 

Hence Depre'ssingly adv. 

ig in Craic, 1869 E. A. Parkes /’ract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 
369 The lowering the external temperature..acts very 
depressingly on the very young and old. 1893 Nat. Observer 
23 Dec. 137/2 An effect of profound isolation. .depressingly 
real, suddenly encompas me. 


| 


DEPRESSOR. 


te. Disparagement, depreciation, -Obe: i 
1628 Fevtnam Kesolves 11. Ixxiii, ‘Thus depressing others, 


is [ } seeketh to raise it selfe, and by this 

aa, Br, Watton nD cae rane 
| Things which tend to the depression of the of the 

Hebrew Text. 


5. A lowering in quality, vigour, or amount; the 
state of being lowered or reduced in force, activity, 
a: etc. ; in mod. use ee trade. - 

xsittant Ref. P depression 
wile + anergy onl noes era ire war. 1826 Ann. Kae 
jon i ufactures and 


1 A continuance of that jon in 


64/1 There is not in actions, as is in qualities, a simple 
scale of elevation depression. 1886 (tite), Third Report 
of the Royal C ission appointed to into the De- 


or a musical note). 


1845 Stoppart in Lucycl. Metrop. 1. 176/1 Aslight degree 
of e! vation ox tepresiian, pt tens eotbenanet of coeie 


| ness or force, serves to mark a very sensible difference in the 


| emotion meant to be expressed. 1878 W. H. Stone 
music should be 


Depression (diprefon). [ad. L. dépression-em, 


n. of action f. déprimére to press down, depress : 
perh. immed. a. F. dépression (14th ec. in Hatzf..] 


| The action of depressing, or condition of being | 


| 


A. adj. Having the quality of lowering the 


activity of the vital functions ; sedative. 

1887 4 thenzum 13 Aug. 217/1 The depressant and narcotic 
action. 1892 N. Moore in ict. Nat. Biog. XXIX. 221/1 
‘The depressant treatment of fever. 


B. sé. A medicine or agent having this quality; | 


a sedative. 

1876 Gross Dis. Bladder 267 The heart's action is reduced 
with aconite and other depressants. 1890 Standard 19 Nov. 
3/6 Malaria and heat are remarkable depressants. 

Depressed (d/pre'st, foct. dipre’séd), ffi. a. 
Also 7-9 deprest. [f. DEPRESS v. + -ED!.] 

1. Pressed down; put or kept down by pressure 
or force. 

1609 Daniet Civ. H’ars vy. i, Close smothered lay the lowe 
depressed fire. 1774 Gotosm. Nat. //ist. (1776) I. 191 ‘The 
deeper any body sinks, the greater will be the resistance of 
the depressed fluid beneath. 

b. Her. =DEBRUISED. (In mod. Dicts.) 

2. Lowered, sunken, or low in position; lower 
than the general surface : opp. to e/evated. 

1658 Wittsrorp Natures Secrets 71 High exalted places, 
and low depressed dales. 1823 Crass Zechnol. Dict., De- 
pressed Gun, any piece of ordnance having its mouth 
depressed below t a Kacionial line. 1869 Puituirs Vesuz. 
ii. 13 In the centre of the old depressed crateral plain. 

3. Having a flattened or hollowed form, such as 
would be produced by downward pressure ; spec. 
said of convex things which are flattened verti- 
cally (opposed to COMPRESSED) ; e.g. a depressed’ 
arch, : 

1753 Cuampers Cycl, Supp. s.v. Leaf, Depressed Leaf, 
one which has the mark of an impression on one side. 1828 
Starx Elem, Nat. Hist. 1. 266 Chelidones. Bill very short, 
much depressed. 1845 Linviey Sch. Bot.v. (1858) 56 Legumes 
snail-shaped, depressed-cylindrical. 1874 Luspock Orig. & 
Met, Ins. i.17 The larva of Coccinella .. is somewhat de- 


pr a 

4. fig. Lowered in force, amount, or degree. 

1832 De ta Becne Geol. Man. 7 Alternately .. under the 
influence of a raised and a depressed temperature. 

+b. Astrol. Opposed to exalted. Obs. 

1430 Lypc. Thebes 1. (1561) Venus directe, and contrari- 

ous and de) in Mercurious hous. 
+c. Low in moral quality, debased. Ods. 

1647 Jer. Tayvtor Lid. Proph. xx. &7 These Propositions 
[e.g. ‘the Pope may Dispense with all oaths’) are so deprest. 
1661 Boye Style of Seri; 
argue a depressed soul than an elevated fancy. 

. Brought low, oppressed, dejected, downcast, 
etc. ; esp. in low spirits. 

16a1 Burton Anat. Med. u. ii. v1. ii, A good Orator alone. . 
can comfort such as are afflicted, erect such as are depressed. 
¢1790 Wittock Moy, 28 America .. stands ready to receive 
the persecuted depressed of every country. 1792 Cow- 
rer Let. to Bagot 8 Nov., My spirits have been more 
depressed than is common, even with me, 1818 Miss Fer- 
rier Marriage xxi, Mrs. Lennox. .seemed more than usually 
depressed. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's //ist. Ref. 11. 199 The 
fall of the Council of Regency, the d d state of 
the nobility in general. 1872 Gro. Exior Middlem. \xxxi, 
I thought he looked rather dand dep’ d 

Depres: (dépre’stli, -pre‘sédli), adv. [f. 
prec. + -LY2.] Ina manner. 

“ Sowersy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club Ul. No. x. 33 
Shell clypeiform or depressedly conical. 1880 F. H. Bur- 
netr Louisiana g ‘Yes’, the girl replied depressedly. 


¢. (1675) 182 That doth much more | 


depressed ; a depressed formation ; that which is 
depressed: in yarious senses. (Opp. to elevation.) 
1. “it. The action of pressing down, or fact of 


being pressed down; usually more widely: The | 


action of lowering, or process of sinking ; the con- 
dition of being lowered in position. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Depression, a pressing or weighing 
down. 1 Potrer Antig. Greece Wi. ix. (1715) 78 Flags, 
the Elevation whereof was a Signal to joyn Battle, the 


Depression to desist. 1803 Med. Fru/. X. 245 With fracture, | 


fissure, or depression of a —_— of bone. 1855 Lyett 
Elem. Geol. vi. ‘ed. 5) 72, Movements of coe or de- 
pression. 1882 Vixes Sachs’ Bot. 825 The curve of growth 
follows all the elevations and depressions of the curve of 
temperature. = 

2. spec. @. Astron., etc. (a) The angular distance 
of a star, the pole, etc., below the horizon (opp. to 
altitude); the angular distance of the visible hori- 


| and was offended. 


zon below the true horizontal plane, the Dip of the | 


horizon; in Surveying, etc., the angular distance 
of an object below the horizontal plane through the 
point of observation (opp. to e/evation). 
lowest altitude of a circumpolar star (or of the sun 
seen from within the polar circle), when it is on 
the meridian beneath the pole (opp. to cs/mina- 
tion. (c) The apparent sinking of the celestial 
pole towards the horizon as the observer travels 
towards the equator. 


¢ 1391 Cuaucer Asfvol. u. § 25 And than is the de ‘jioun 
of the pol antartik, that is to seyn, than is the antartik 
by-nethe the Orisonte the same quantite of space. 1594 


Buunvevit. Frere. ut. 1. xxxiii. (ed. 7) 346 The depression or 
lowest Meridian Altitude of the starres. Bacon Adz, 
Learn. . vi. § 10 (1873) 48 He takes knowledge of the de- 

ression of the cokes le. 1667 PA. Trans. 11. 438 

‘he degree of its [the Needle's]} depression under the Horizon, 
1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Depression of the pole.. Depression 
of the visible horizon. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfl. I. viii. 7 
The sun's lower culmination, if such a term can be appli 
to his midnight depression. : 

b. Gunnery. The lowering of the muzzle of a 
gun below the horizontal line. 

1853 Stocqueter Milit. Encycl., Depression, the pointin, 
of = iece of ordnance, so that its shot may be projec 
under the point-blank line. | 

ce. Surg. The operation of couching for cataract. 
1-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Depression ..a term for one 
of the operations for cataract. 

3. concr. A depressed or sunken formation on a 
surface ; a hollow, a low place or . 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 42 Of the Nature of the Ground. .and 
of the several risings and depressions t . 1789 W. 
Bucnan Dom. Med. (1790) 591 A dislocation of the humerus 
may be known by a depression or cavity on the top of the 
shoulder. 1855 Les Elem, Geol. xxix. (ed. 5) 520 The 
Curral is..one of three valleys. .a dd 


(6) The | 


igs 
Crass 


| pression is forming over our western coasts. The 


Sei. 
Basis Music v. 66 The p fully 
gone over. .and the modified notes marked. .with a mark of 
elevation or depression, according to their specific key 
relationship. $ 

ec. A lowering of the column of mercury in the 
barometer or of the atmospheric pressure which is 
thereby measured; sfec. in Meteorol. a centre of 
minimum pressure, or the system of winds around 
it (=CYCLONE 1c). 

1881 RK. H. Scorr in Gd. Wo#tis July 454 Barometrical 
depressions or cyclones. A/od. Weather Report, A deep de- 

The depression 

of yesterday has passed over England to the German Ocean. 

da. Path. Lowering of the vital functions or 
wers ; a state of reduced vitality. 

1803 Med. oe X. 116 Great depression..has without 
doubt lately shewn itself ina very remarkable manner in the 
influenza. 1843 Lever ¥. H/nfon ii, 1 aroused myself from 
the depression of nearly thirty hours’ sea-sickness. 

B. Meavows Cé:n. Odserv. 38 The inflammatory nature 
the local affection was much more severe, and the constitu- 
tional depression..more marked. ; A 

6. The condition of being depressed in spirits ; 
dejection. 

1665 Baker's Chron. an. 1660 (R.) Lambert, in great de- 

ression of spirit, twice pray'd him to let him escape. 1752 
_ eee Rambler No.204?7 He their depression 
1857 Mrs. Cartyce Lett. I. Such 


horrible depression of spirits. Geo. Euriot Dan. Der. 
lxix, He found her in a state deep di » over- 
mastered by those di eful miserabl ies. 

+7. Alg. Reduction to a lower degree or power. 


x Cuampers Cycl., Depression nations. © 
Technol. Dict. Depredon of af ‘Equation Layet 
the reducing an equation to lower degrees, as a biq) ic 
to a cubic equation, or a cubic toa i 

+ Depre‘ssity. Obs. rare—°. 

1727 Baitey vol. Il, Depressity, a lowness. 


Depressive (</pre‘siv), a. [f. L. dépress-, ppl. 
stem of déprimeére to press down, DEPRESS + -IVE.] 

1. Tending to press or force down. rare. 

1620 Verner Via Recta vii. 112 By reason of their com- 
pressiue and depressiue force, they protrude and driue downe 
the meats from the stomacke. . 

2. fig. Tending to produce depression, esp. of the 
spirits ; of depressing nature, 

1727 Tuomso€ Britannia 274 Even where the keen de- 
pressive North desce: r Misc. in Ann. Reg. 157 
A compliance. .would lead her friends into some Ve 
sensations. 1847 Mrs. S Lady of Mar A 
xxix. 114 In regions so depressive both to the bodily and 
intellectual powers. 186 Cornh. Alag. V1. 607 It is a kind 
ich followed 


VV, 


of stimulation... which is not any wu! 
pressive reaction. 
pg oe a8 ones wihed housand 
a Hacker Cent. Sern. (1675) 42. at 
coicues and inventions, I howd opak faintly and 
si of that supernal Palace. 1832 Cartyie Zs. (1872) 
1V. 112 Il-health, and its jitant depr 


(dipre’sa1). foe 7 -er, psa [a. 
L. depressor, agent-n. from déprimeére, dé - to 
press down, DEPRESS. In Or. dépresseur.) : 
1. One who or that which depresses (in various 
senses; see the verb). 


1611 Cotcr., Addaisseur, an abaser..depresser, humbler. 
x6ax Br. ba wee Diatribe 112 That. .would haue raised 


called the Serra d’ Agoa being almost as deep. 1884 Bower 
& Scort De Bary's Phaner. 53 The leaves of the above 
Cin the caked opus oity Munch. oom. vs ouegiy es 
with the Y ‘anch, Exam. 13 June 
a i we Es han 


rse warmer. . than the us, 
ri Ss. 7 he action of putting down or bringing 
low, or the fact or condition of being brought low 


it selfe against al and detractors. @ Worton 

i Gencke coll, Cur. 1. 219 Those that rayse Ef ever in.. 

— to be a: the fittest pep 1868 Bars, 
causes depressors vi . 

2. Anat. and J Phys. & A muscle which depresses 
or pulls down the part to which it is attached ; 
also attrib. as depressor muscle. b. Depressor 
the vagus, the stimulation of 


(in station, fortunes, etc.). Now rare. pice te 
a1g3q Farru Was. 5 (R.) Bhan fee worldly which lowers the pressure Ls blood. a 
spe yim Sn of Bat Dehn | Gu le EE mal ans au 
t HY t ti lab A t A, pr y a 
baits, ppd ag 174 Mippuxtom Cicero 1, v. 368 The . Man oe og ge 4. an] a Ra 
depression of the famiiy, and the ruin of their fortunes. 2872 | 1878, Huxtey Phys. 2. ine eee Gen) 
Yeats Growth Comut. 136 The depression of the b , | 1875, “sd Berof. (1879) 138 
during the Wars of the Roses. asl ead capes awe ee 
+b. Suppression, Ods. . Surg. An instrument for pressing down some 
1656 Honnes Six Lessons part or organ. 


1845 may tl ge 


‘Bly 


the truth in both. 


1874  apeye eo Mech., Depressor (Surgery), an — 


ment like a spatula, used for reducing or 


DEPRESSURE. 


into place an obtruding part. Such are used in operations 
on the skull .. and in couching a cataract. 1883 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Tongue depressor, a flattened metallic plate for de- 
pressing the tongue, in order to see the throat. 

+Depressure (d’pre'fitis). Ods. [f. L. ppl. 
stem depress- + -URE: cf. L. pressiira pressure, f. 
premére, press-.] 

1. The action of pressing down; = DEPRESSION I. 

1699 E. Tyson in Phil. Trans. XXI. 432 That this de- 
pressure happened whilst the Bones were Girilasinous: 

2. concr. A depressed or sunken part of a surface ; 
= DEPRESSION 3. 

1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xut. (1626) 278 The purple 
blood from that depressure fled. 1675 Evetyn 7'evra (1776) 
38 To fill up the hollows and Depressures of the ground. 
1677 PLor O.x/ordsh. 106 Those uniform eminencies and de- 
pressures, those waved and transverse lineations. _ 

3. fig. The action of putting down, bringing low, 
or humbling ; debasement ; = DEPRESSION 4, 5. 

1656 Jeanes Mixt. Schol. Div. 60 Earthly mindedness, 
though it doth no: quite degrade the soule of its immortality 
yet it isa great depressure and embasement thereof. 1768-74 
Tucker Lt. Nat (1852) 11. 137 To give them an eminence 
. above others, which is as well answered by the depressure 
of everything else above them, as by their own advance- 
ment. 

Depreter (Building) : see DEPETER. 

Depretiate, obs. form of DEPRECIATE. 

+ Depre've, v. Obs. [a. OF. des-, depreuve, 
stressed stem-form of desprover to disprove: cf. 
Derrove.] By-form of D1sprove. 

c14§0 Lonetich_ Grail xlv. 726 What they Cowden seyn 
to Cristen lawe, Owther it depreven In Ony Sawe. 1465 
Mare. Paston in Lett. No. 506 II. 196 Ye have up an en- 
quest to depreve ther wytnesse. 

Depreve, obs. form of DEPRIVE. 

+ De‘priment, «. (sb.) Obs. rare. [ad. L. de- 
priment-em, pr. pple. of déprimeére to press down, 
Depness, f. DE- I. 1 + premeére to press.] Depress- 
ing; pressing or forcing down. 

1713 Deruam Phys. 7 heol. 1. ii. 99 The Attollent and De- 
priment Muscles. 1721 Baitey, Depriment [in Anatomy] is 
one of the straight Muscles which moves the Ball of the 


ye. ; 

b. as sb. Something that depresses or lowers. 

a1624 Br. M. Smitn Serm. Fob xxix. 14 Praises they 
esteeme for bubbles, and applauses for bables .. robes of 
scarlet or purple for depriments and detriments. 

Depriorize: see De- II. 1. 

+Depri'se, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. dpriser in OF. 
despriser, f. dé-, des-, L. dis- + priser to Prize. Cf. 
Disprise.] ¢vans. To depreciate, undervalue. 

c1gso Lynvesay Satyre in Pinkerton Sc. Poems Repr. 
(1792) Il. 206 Now quhill the King misknawis the veritie 
Be scho ressavit, then we will be depr sit. 

+ Depri‘sure. Ods. rare. if. prec. + -URE.] 
Lowering in value or esteem, depreciation. 

1648 W. Mountacur. Devout Ess. vi, § 2(R.) A great abate- 
ment and deprisure of their souls in the account of God. 

Deprivable (déprai:vab'l), a. [f. Deprive v. 
+-ABLE.] Liable to be deprived ; subject to de- 
privation. 

1593 Asp. Bancrorr Daung. Posit. u. xii. 61 They [the 
Bishops] .. are... depriuable. Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. 
Ixxxi. § 10 The persons that enjoy them, possesse them 
wrongfully, and are depriuable at all howers. 1660 R. 
Suerincuam King’s Suprem. viii. (1682) 70 They may 
thereby make him deprivable at their pleasure. Mod. Ad- 
vantages of which he is not deprivable. 

+ Depriva’do. Obs. rare. [f. Derrivez., or L. 
déprivatus deprived, after nouns in -apo from Sp.] 
One deprived (of office, commission, licence, etc.). 

1728 Nortu Mem. Musick (1846) 133, 1 .. being for many 
years an alien to the faculty, and at present a deprivado. 

Deprival (diprai-val). [f. Derrive v.: see 
-AL J The act of depriving ; DEPRIVATION. 

~S 


° 


1611 CLATER Key Moog be For argues it not a deniall, or 
deprivall, — ar6: Eve Disc. 1 Cor. x.5 Wks. (1672) 
1.258 A wofull sign of. . 


eprival of Eternal life. maesoesrt 
Plato (ed. 2) V. 118 Punishing the citizen who offends with 
temporary deprival of his rights. 1886 L. O. Pike Fear-dks. 
13-14 Edw. ///, Introd. 66 The King. .had thus the power of 
institution. .and consequently the power of deprival. 

+ De‘private, 7//. a. Obs. rare. f ad. med.L. 
déeprivat-us, pa. pple. of déprivare.| Deprived. 

1560 RoLLANnb Crt. Venus 1. 252 In verteous werk, scho 
beand depriuate..quhill I may bruik my liue, Hir from my 
hart I will near depriue. 

De-private, v. rare. [f. med.L. deprivat-, ppl. 
stem of déprivare: see Deprive.] To deprive. 

1832 CartyLe in raser’s Mag. V. 257 Never .. has Man 
been. .deprivated of any faculty whatsoever that he in any 
era was possessed of. 27h 

Deprivation (deprive!fon). [ad. med.L. de- 
privation-em, n. of action from deprivare to DE- 
PRIVE. F 

1. The action of depriving or fact of being 
deprived; the taking away of anything enjoyed ; 
dispossession, loss. 

3533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 12 In ieopardie of loss and 
depriuacion of his crowne and dignitee roial. a 1635 Naun- 
ton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 15 All her deprivations either of life 
or Bberey, being legall, and necessitated. 1731 CHANDLER 
tr. Limborch's Hist. Inquis. 11. 2 Excommunication, De- 
privation of Ecclesiastical Burial. 1794 G. Apams Nat. & 
Exp. Philos, U1. xvii. 250[Of evils] there is none more justly 
dreaded. .than a deprivation of sight. 1830 D'IsrartiChas. [ 
III. vi. 79 He accounted these deprivations not among the 


221 


least of the many he now endured. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 
IIL. 260 The loss of a son or brother, or the deprivation of 
fortune. 

tb. Const. from. Obs, 

1870-1 Act of Assembly in Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 43 Also 
the suspension and deprivation of them therefra. 1579 FuLKE 
Heskins’ Parl. 317 She .. was punished with depritiation 
from both kindes [in the sacrament]. 1586 T. B. La 
Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) 654 Danger of deprivation 
from all authoritie by them, 

2. spec. The action of depriving any one of an 
office, dignity, or benefice; dispossession, deposi- 
tion ; esp. the depriving an ecclesiastic of a benefice 
or preferment as an act of punishment or discipline. 

1551 CRANMER Answ. to Gardiner 2 Vhe occasion of your 
worthy depriuation and punishment. 1587 FLeminc Contn. 
Holinshed \11. 1357/2 Sufficient force whereby the bull of 
hir maiesties depriuation might be publikelie executed. 1641 
Termes de la Ley 110b, Deprivation is when an Abbot, 
Bishop, Parson, Vicar, Prebend, &c. is deprived or deposed 
from his preferment for any matter in fact or in Law. 
1715 Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 192 Sheldon. .seemed to 
apprehend that a very small number would fall under the 
deprivation, and that the gross of the party would conform. 
1839 Keicutiey //ist. Eng. 11. go A sentence of deprivation 

. was pronounced. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 49 
Several months had been allowed him [Sherlock] before he 
incurred suspension, several months more before he incurred 


deprivation. : 
LDeprivative (diprivativ), «. [f. med.L. de- 
Of, pertain- 


privat- ppl. stem + -1VE: see next.] 
ing to, or characterized by deprivation. 

1727 Baitey vol. Il, Deprivative, of Deprivation. 1865 
Reader 3 June 632/2 A man .. entirely lost his sight by the 
excessive tse of tobacco. He was..cured by adopting a mild 
antipblogistic and deprivative treatment. 

Deprive (d/prai'v), v. Also 4-6 -pryve, 5 
-preve, -priff. [a. OF. depriver (Godef.), ad. 
late L. *déprivare ‘see déprivatio in Du Cange), 
f. De- I. 3 + privare to deprive.) 

I. 1. trans. To divest, strip, bereave, dispossess 
of (formerly + from) a possession. Zo deprive (a 
person) of (a thing) = to take it away from him. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 255 Depriued pei our Kyng 
of alle pe tenement of londes of Gascoyn. «@ 1400-50 -4 de 
ander 1469 Pus was Iaudes of ioy and iolite depryued [z. ~ 
depreuett]. 1426 AupreLay Poems 24 These preletus of her 
prevelache thay deprevon. ¢ 1430 Lypa. Bochas (ed. Way- 
land) 68 b, He was assented to deprive Worthy Anchus from 
his estate royal. 1548 Hatt Chron. I. 17 Kyng Roberte .. 
firste deprived the Erle George of all his dignitees and pos- 
sessions. 1586 I’. B. La Primaud. Fr, Acad. 1. 218 Henry 
the fift by force deprived his father from the empire. 1632 
SanvERSON Seve. 30 For his obstinate refusall of Con- 
formitie justly deprived from his Benefice in this Diocesse. 
1660 BovLe New Exp. Phys. Mech. Concl. 395, | have for 
diverse Yeares been deprived of HisCompany. 1782 Priest- 
Ley Corrupt. Chr, 1.1. 83 Arius was deprived of his office, 
and excommunicated. 1793 Mrs. E. Parsons Homan as 
she should be IV. 72 Your uncle .. being deprived from 
managing your business. 1875 Jowert /’ato (ed. 2) IV, 283 
‘To deprive life of ideals is to deprive it of all higher and 
comprehensive aims. 

+b. with two objects, either of which might in the passive 
become the subject. Ods. Cf. sense 5, in which the personal 
object disappears. 

c14go tr. De Imitatione 1. xlv, He is depryued very 
vertues. 1539 TonstaLe Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 45, Il wyl 
curse him and depriue hym his kyngedome. a 1562 in G. 
Cavendish Iolsey (1893) 240 All is depryved me.  r62x 
Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 352 Why was sweet and dainty 
Philistel'a depriued mine eyes? 1667 Mitton /?. Z. 1x. 857 
‘Thee I have missed, and thought it long, depriv’d Thy pre- 
sence. 31802 Marian Moore Lasced/es II. 240 To deprive 
themselves the pleasure of her company. 1814 Mrs. JANe 
West Alicia I], 141 My child !.. Even in thy early infancy 
Deprived my care. 

2. To divest of office ; to inflict deprivation upon ; 
esp. in reference to ecclesiastical offices. 

c1328 E. E. Allit. P. B. 1738 De-parted is by pryncipalté, 
depryued pou worbes, Py rengne rafte is be fro. c¢ 1400 
MAunpev. (1839) ili. 20 The Emperour of Costantynoble 
maketh the Patriarks .. and depryueth hem .. whan he 
fyndeth ony cause. 1513 More in Grafton Chron, (1568) II. 
758 Edward revengyng his fathers death, deprived King 
Henry, andattayned the Crowne. 1630 XR, Fohuson's King. 
§ Comm. 561 He [an officer] is sometime deprived, and 
sometime strangled. 1706 Hearne Collect. 15 Feb., The Bp. 
..depriv’d him for three years. 1827 Hatiam Const. Hist. 
1876) I. vii. 394 Archbishop Bancroft deprived a consider- 
able number of puritan clergymen. 

absol. ¢1535 Dr. Layton in Lett. on Suppr. Monast. 
(Camden) 76 Ye shall not deprive or visite but upon sub- 
stanciall growndes. 

8. To keep (a person) out of (+/rom) what he 
would otherwise have ; to debar from. 

1374 CHaucer 7roylus wv. 241 (269) Why wiltow me fro 
loye thus depryve? ¢1590 Martowe /aust. iii. 82 In being 
depriv’d of eedasting liss. x6xx Biste /sa. xxxviii. 10, 
l am depriued of the residue of my yeeres. 1651 Hopses 
Govt. & Soc. x. § 2 Subjects. .deprived from all possibility to 
acquire. . by their industry, necessaries to sustain the strength 
of their bodies and minds, 1663 Gersier Counsel Biva, 
A Monster, which deprived also me from a publick imploy- 
ment, during the space of seaventeen years. 1771 Funius 
Lett. \xiv. 327 The mode of trial. .deprive[s] the subject of all 
the benefits of a trial by jury. 1884 Lowett in Daily News 

Oct. 2/7 Is it prudent to deprive whole classes of it [the 

Hot] any longer? 

tb. adsol. Obs. rare-}. 

60g Suaxs. Lear t. ii. 4 Should I .. permit The curiosity 
of Nations to depriue me. 

+¢. Const. with two objects. Oés. 

1g90 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. v. iii, My soul doth 
weep to see Your sweet desires depriv’d my Company. 1671 


DEPROSTRATE, 


Mitton P. R. ut. 23 Wherefore deprive All Earth her 
wonder at thy acts? 1694 tr. Milton's Lett. State Sept. 
1657, That so signal a prowess and fortitude may never. . be 
one the fruit and due applause of all your pious under- 
takings. 

+4. To remove (from) or cut off from access. Obs. 

1542 Boorpe Dyelary viii.(1870) 249 Chambres the whiche 
be depryued clene from the sonne and open ayre. 194 
Carew asso (1881) 42 Emaus is a Citie, which small space 
Doth from royall Hierusalem depriue. 

+b. To keep off, avert. Ods. rare—'. 

1627 Haxewitt A fol. (1630) 166 Ale was his meate, his 
drinke, his cloth, Ale did his death deprive; And, could 
hee still have drunke his ale, He had beene still alive. 

II. +5. To take away (a possession); to carry 
off, remove. Obs. 

c1325 EE. Allit. P. B.185 For. .depryue dowrie of wydoez, 
Man may mysse be myrbe, pat much is to prayse  ¢ 1430 
Lypo. Min. Poents (1840) 63 This blissid name .. That, first 
of alle, our thraldom can deprive. ¢ 3510 Barciay Airy. 
Gd. Manners (1570) E iij b, He sodenly striketh with worde, 
or els knife, And .. depriveth name or life. 1593 Suaks. 
Lucrece 1186 (Globe) ‘Tis honour to deprive dishonour’d life. 
1605 Stow «1 nales 1408 His head was severed from his body 
by the Axe at three stroakes, but the first deadly, and abso- 
lutely depriuing all sense and motion. 1623 Cockrram, 
De; rine, to take away. 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia ol. G6 
An inheritance, which. .fortune or ill events have deprived 
from them. 

Deprived (déproivd), pf. a. [f. Dernive @. 
+-ED.] Dispossessed, divested ; bereft ; subjected 
to deprivation ; esp. dispossessed of a benefice. 

152 Huvorr, Depriued, abactus, detectus de gradu. pri- 
ualus. 1710 HEARNE Collect. 2 Mar., No Nonjuring or 
depriv'd Bp. @1774 Gotpsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) I. 
168 Birds. .are deprived of this apparatus, 1855 MacauLay 
Hist, Eng. 1V. 39 The deprived ArchLishop showed no dis- 
position to move. z 

SE Deprivement (d/praitvment), Ods. [f. Dr- 
PRIVE v.+-MENT.] The action of depriving or fact 
of being deprived ; deprivation. 

1630 2X. Fohuson's Ningd, §& Conunw, 561 Five have died 
naturall deaths after deprivement. 1657 G. Starkey //ed- 
mont’s Vind. 3 The deprivement of that knowledge [is] in- 
tolerable and not to be rested in. 1691-8 Noxris /’ract, 1)/sc. 
223 If..by Deprivements or positive Inflictions he diminish 
our Happiness. 1703 D. WiLtiamson Serm. lef Gen, As- 
sembly 48 The Deprivement of Presbyterian Ministers has 
been double the time of theirs [the Episcopal Clergy]. 

Depriver (dipraivan. [f. as_ prec. + -ER '] 
One who or that which deprives, or takes away 
possessions, rights, ete. 

©1440 Yacod’s Well E. E.'V.S.) 62 pise dyffoulerys & de- 
pryueres of holy cherche. «@ 1541 Wyarr /’oct. IAs. (1861) 
it Love slayeth mine heart, while Fortune is depriver Of 
all my comfort, a 1658 CLeveLanp Poems 38 ‘T.) Depriver 
of those solid joys Which sack creates. 172 Strype ccd. 
Mem. L1. xii. 109 These deprivers were so quick. .that they 
stayed not for the appearances of the priests to answer for 
themselves. | 

Depriving (d/prai'viy), vé/. sb. [f. Deprive 
v. + -ING!.] The action of DEPRIvE v. ; depriva- 
tion. 


senses, 1621 F1tz-GEFFR 

our lamentation for him at his depriving [= our d. of him]. 
1705 Hearne Collect, 26 Aug., Against the Depriving of 
Bes. by the Civil Magistrate. 1749 Fietpinc 70m Jones 
vin_xiv, ‘The depriving it of that power. 

+Deproelia‘tion. Ols. [n. of action from L. 
dépralidr? to war violently, to battle; f. De- I. 3 
+ praliart to fight, pralium a fight, battle.] 

1623 Cockeram, Depreliation, a battell. 

Deprofessionalize: sce Dr- Il. 1. 

De profundis: see Dr I. 7. 

+Deprome, v. 06s. rare. [ad. L. dépromésre 
to draw out, fetch away, f. De- I. 2 + promére to 
bring forth, produce.] ¢vans, To draw out or 
forth; to produce. 

a 1652 Brome City Wit. i. Wks. 1873 I. 297, I will only 
deprome, or take out a little stuffing first. 1654 Z. Coke 
Logick (1657) A viij, From it, as from a spirituall Artillery, 
you may deprome all weapons of reason. 1657 ‘TOMLINSON 
Renou's Disp. 333 Both {artichocks] indeed are depromed 
from that tribe. 

+Depro'mpt, v. Obs. rare—'. [f.L. deprom}t-, 
ppl. stem of dépromére: see prec.] = prec. 

1586 Fern Blas. Gentrie 56 From a vayled and couered 
speech did deprompt the hidden secrets and witty sentences 
of philosophy. 

+ Depro‘mption. 0s. rare—°. 
f. L. dépromére: see prec.] 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Depromption, a drawing or bring- 
ing forth. 

+Depro‘perate, v. Ols. rare—o. Ef. ppl. 
stem of L. deproperare to make great haste, f. Dr- 
I. 3+ properare to make haste. ] 

1623 CockeraM, Defroferate, to make too much speed, 

Hence +} Depropera‘tion, 

1727 Battery, Deproperation, a making haste or speed. 

+ Depro'strate, a. Ols. rare~'. [f. Du- 1.3 
+ Prostrate a.] Extremely prostrate; grovel- 
ling. 

1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict. 1. xiii, His unsmooth 
tongue, and his deprostrate stile. 

Deprotestantize, deprovincialize: sce Dr- 
TE 


[n. of action 


DEPROVE. 


+ Depro’ve, v. Obs. [Karly var. of desprove, 
Disprove: cf. Derreve.] /rans. To disprove, 
refute, contradict, disapprove. 


-1 Myrr. our Laaye 8 The more presumptuous 
wt he =. ynde defaulte and to deproue .. tho thynges 
that he vnderstondyth not. 

Deptford Pink: see Pink. . 

Depth (depp). [In Wyclif depthe ; not found in 
OE, or earlier ME.: cf. ON. dypt (dypod), ee 
to Goth. diupipa depth, f. diup-, ON. djip-, = OE. 
déop Deer. But the formation might be English 
after /ength, etc.: cf. the similarly late dreadth, and 
see -TH suffix.] 

I. The quality of being deep. 

1. Measurement or distance from the top down- 
wards (or from the surface inwards) ; ant 

1393 Gower Conf. 111. go Geometrie, through which a man 
hath the sleight Of length, of brede, of depth, of height. 
1413 Lyne. ae Sowle vy. xiv. (1483) 107 Alle these thre 
dymensions .. that is to seye lengthe, brede and depthe. 
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 98 Trenches of 
a cubite in depth and breath. 1635 N. Carrenrer Geog. 
Del. u. vii. 104 To find out the absolute depth of the Sea. 
1665 Hooke AMicrogr. 235 Filling a Glass of some depth half 
full with it. 1796 C. MaxsHatt Garden. v. (1813) 64 The 
proper depth at which seed is to be sown. 1858 LarpNer 
Handbk, Nat. Phil. 98 \t will be .. necessary to find the 
depths at given intervals .. from bank to bank. A/fod. The 
arrow penetrated to a considerable depth. 

b. Measurement from front to back or inward 
from the outer part ; spec. (A/77.) the distance from 
front to rear of a body of soldiers as measured by 
the number of ranks. 

1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 22g Whatsoever Length his 
Green-house be, the A should not much exceed twelve 
or thirteen feet. 1667 Mitton /. L. 1. 549 Serried Shields 


in thick array Of depth immeasurable. 1703 Moxon Mech. 


Exerc, 127 What width and depth soever you intend your, 


Rooms shall have. 1760-72 tr. Yuan & Ulloa's |oy. ‘ed. 3) 
I. 157 It is furbeloed with a richer stuff, near half a yard in 
depth, 1832 Regul. /nstr. Cavalry ut. 46 Depth, distance 
from front to rear. 

2. The quality of being deep, or of considerable 
extension or distance downwards, or inwards. 

1526 Tinpace A/at?. xiii. 5 Because it had no depth of 
erth [Wycuir, Cranmer, depnesse). 1697 Drypen I irg. 
Georg. 11. 399 Requires a depth of Lodging in the Ground. 
1822 Scorr Nigel xvii, The frequency, strength, and depth 
of his potations. J/od. The depth of the snow prevented 
our passage. We could not reach it from its depth beneath 
the surface. 

3. fy. Of subjects of thought: Profundity, ab- 
struseness. 

1590 Martowr Faustus i, Settle thy studies, Faustus, 
and begin To sound the depth of that thou wilt profess. 
1605 Br. Haut Med it. & Vows 1. § 53 The humility of those 
great and profound wits, whom depth of knowledge hath 
not led to bypaths in judgement. 1613 Six H. Fincn Laz 
(1636) 57 A great part of the depth and learning of the 
Law. 1850 M:Cosu Div. Govt. 1v. ii. (1874) 490 There is a 
great depth of meaning in the saying. 

b. Of persons, or their mental faculties or actions: 
Profundity, penetration, sagacity. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 2 (1873) 29 Life of inven- 
tion, or depth of judgement. 1711 Hearne Col/ect. (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) III. 108 A Man of extraordinary Depth. 1781 
Cowrer Charity 392 He talks of light, and the prismatic 
hues, As men of depth in erudition use, 1871 Mortey Vol- 
taire (1886) 86 If it is often necessary to condemn him for 
superficiality, this lack of depth seldom .. proceeds from 
painstaking. 

4. Of feelings, moral qualities, or states: Inten- 
sity, profundity. 

1596 Suaxs. Zam. Shr. v.i. 141 To sound the depth of 
this knauerie. 1598 Dravron /ervic. Ep. xxiii. 23 The 
depth of Woe with words we hardly sound. 1640 Grar- 
THORNE Lady's Priv, wv. i, This cruelty exceeds The depth 
of tyranny. 1738 Wescey /’s. & //yntns (1765) cxxxvii, The 
Depth of sympathetic Woe! 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. 
(1876) III. xiii. 303 Tostig alone did not stick at this depth 
of treason. ‘ 

5. Of physical qualities or conditions, as silence, 
darkness, colour : Intensity. 

1624 Davenrort City Nt.-Caf 11, In depth of silence, you 
shall confess, ¢ 1820 5. RoGers /¢taly (1830) 132 Cedar and 
cypress threw Singly their depth of shadow. 1873 Tynpatt 
Lect. on Light iv. 157 A splendid azure, which .. reaches 
a maximum of depth and purity, and then .. passes into 
whitish blue. 

6. Logic. The sum of the attributes contained in 
a concept; = COMPREHENSION 4, 

1864 Bowen Logic iv. 67 This distinction of Quantity has 
been expressed a icians in various ways .. A ical or 
Universal whole has € tension, Breadth, Sphere .. A Meta- 

hysical or Formal whole has Intension, Depth, Compre- 

ension, 
II. Something that is deep. 

7. A deep water; a deep 
any body of water. Usually in 
poetic and rhetorical. 


1382 Wycur Z.x, xv. 


rt of the sea, or of 
.; now only 


The depe watris couerden hem ; 
thei descendiden into the depthe as a stoon, 1388 — /’s. 
exlviii. { oe the Lord ; d — and “rreie = $ 
watris [x lepnessis]. c1g400 Prymer clepi 
deppe, in be aE if wyndowis. poy bon Psalms 
xvii, 5 Ev’n from the waters depth, my God preserv'd me 
soe, 361 Binte Zr, xv. 5 The depths haue couered them. 
1816 J. Witson City of Plague i. iv, 152 But I have gazed 
with adoration Upon its awful depths profoundly calm. 
1820 SueLLey Cloud 24 In the depths of the purple sea. 


222 


+b. The great abyss of waters; the Deer. Ods. 
1382 Wycuir /sa. li. 1o Whether not thou driedist the se, 
water of the huge depthe. 1611 Biste Prov. viii. 27 When 
he set a compasse vpon the face of the depth. 
8. A deep place in the earth, etc.; a deep pit, 


cavity, or valley (ods.); #/. the deep or lowest part 


of a pit, cavity, etc. (rhet.). 
— Lp. Berners /ross. I. xviii. 20 Thus rode forthe all 
that 


ye, the yonge kyng of Inglande, by and 
| deptis. Devoan Virg. Georg. 1. 690 Ev'n lon the 


depths of Hell the Damn'd advance. 1852 Mrs. Srowe 
Uncle Tom's C. xv, Miss Ophelia, suddenly rising from 
the depths of the large arm-chair. 1871 Mortey loltaire 
(1886) 4 A demon from the depths of the pit. 

9. A vast or unfathomable a an abyss; the 
deep or remote part (of space, the air, the sky, etc.). 
Usually in f/. (poet. and rhet.) 

1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage. ii. 6 An Earth without forme, 
and void, a darkened depth and waters. 1697 DrypEN 
Virg. Georg. 1. 678 The Depths of Heav'n above, and Earth 
below. 1712 Avpison “Sfect, No. 420 P 3 Those unfathom- 
able Depths of Ether, 1849 Loncr. Aavanagh v. 32 
Measureless depths of air around. 1 Proctor A/yst. 
Time & Space 57 With Briarean arms science thrust back 
the stars into the depths of space. 

10. The inner part far from the surface or outside. 
Also in /. 

c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 60 (MS. B) Brennynge of hote 
eyren to be depbe of the wounde ys most proffytable. /é/d. 
ot If pat a festre perse .. into depbe it is an imperfizt cure. 
1732 Porr £ss. Man 1.101 Some safer world, in depth of woods 
embrac'd. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 254 In the 
depth of those remote and solitary forests. 1820 SHELLEY 
Homer's Hymn to Merc. xxxi, The sacred wood, Which 
from the inmost depths of its green glen Echoes the voice 
of Neptune. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aeneid 1. 311 Compassed 
with trees of the forest and depths of shuddering shade. 


ll. The middle (of winter, of night), when the 


cold, stillness, or darkness is most intense. 

1605 Cuarman AZ Foovles 1. ii, You meet by stealth In depth 
of midnight. 1618 Bot.ron /-lorxs (1636) 273 Thongh it were 
the depth of Winter. a1764 f 
//ead, Nor finish till the depth of night. 1863 Fr. A. 
Kemate Nesid. in Georgia 19 In full leaf and beauty in the 
very depth of winter. A 

12. jg. A deep (i.e. secret, mysterious, unfathom- 
able, etc.) region of thought, feeling, or being ; 
the inmost, remotest, or extreme part. Now often 
in fd. 

1382 Wycur Ps. cxxix. 1 Fro depthis I criede to thee, Lord. 
1540 CoverDace /'ruit/ Less. v. Wks. 1844 1. 409 God's 


Lioyp Poems, New-River | 


DEPURATE. 


+ ‘cel, -elle, v. Also 5 des-, dispuselle. 
[a. F. dépuceler, in OF. desp- (12th c. in Littré), f. 
dé-, des-:—L. Dis-+ F. pucelle maiden: see Pu- 


CELLE.] ¢rans. To deflower. 

. Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 5 Yn etre | 
and d lyng of yong madyns. eae Cosson ears 
xut. xv, How she was despucelled by a G: 1483 — 
G. de la Tour Evja, Of the doughter of that was 


depuceled, 

+ Depu'celate, 7. Ols. rave. Also 7 depu- 
silate. [f. F. dépuceler: see -aTE® 7. = prec. 
1611 Coren, Dafne > to Bay el: SE d a 
virgine. 2 Ge y. iv, silated 
by your gr thin Uncvanet Soto sat The 


bod or r >. 
+ “dicate, v. Obs. rare—°. td ppl. stem 
of L. depudicadre to debauch, f. Dr- I. 6 + pudic-us 
chaste ] “vans. To violate the chastity of, deflower. 


1623 in Cockeram. 1656 in BLount Glossogr. 

t Depudorate, v. Obs. rare. [f. De- II. 1+ 
L. pudor shame, modesty.] ‘trans. To deprive of 
shame, make shameless. 

1678 Cupwortu /xtel/. Syst. 1. iv. 193 Their Minds are.. 
Depudorated or b so void of Sh , as that [ete,]. 

Depullulation. nonce-wd. [noun of action 
f. L. De- I. 2+ pullulare to sprout out, f. pud/ulus 
chick, sprout.] Removal or plucking off of sprouts. 

1839-40 De Quincey ener 4 ks. VIII. 252 It is .. by 
the everlasting depullulation of fresh sp shoots from 
old boughs, that this enormous accumulation takes 

Depulper (d/pmlpa1). [f. *depulp vb. (in 
med.L, depulpare ; ‘ depulpo =dmrocapxa’ in L.-Gr. 
Gloss.) +-En'.] An apparatus for romans Pn 

1882 Sron Encycl. Manu7. 1839 (Beet-sugar) " term 
‘depulpers’ has been applied toa class of apparatus rendered 
necessary by the inability of the ordinary filters to com- 
pletely remove the fine pulpy matters from the juice. They 
are really nothing more than effective mechanical filters. 

+ Depulsa‘tion. Os. rare—°. [n. of action 
from L. dépulsdre to thrust away: see DEPULSE ] 

1727 Battey vol. II, Defudsation, a thrusting or driving 


| away or repelling. 


word is even as atwo-edged sword, and entereth through to | 


the depth. c1sgz Maktowr ass. Paris 1. viii, Having 
a smack in all, And yet didst never sound anything to the 
depth. rg92 Suaks. Nom. & Ful. 11. iv. 104, 1 was come to the 
whole depth of my tale. 1665 J. Srencer ludy. Prophecies 
96 Not acloudy expression drops from them but it is christned 
a depth and a great mystery. 1813 Suettey Q. Maé v1. 187 
From the depths of unrecorded time. 1874 Heirs Soc. Press. 
iii. 54 Imagine that there were no such depths of degradation. 

III. 13. Phr. Beyond or out of one's depth: 
Zit. in water too deep for one to reach the bottom 
without sinking ; Ag. beyond one’s understanding 


or capacities. 

1613 Suaxs. //en. V///, un. ii. 361, | haue ventur’d Like 
little wanton Boyes that swim on bladders ..in a Sea of 
Glory, But farre beyond my depth. 1 Pore Ess. Crit. 
so Launch not beyond your depth, but discreet. 1712 
Avpison Sfect. No. 403 ® 7 Finding them going out of my 
Depth I passed forward. 18a /’ad/ Mad/G. 19 Jan. 4/3 He 
remained three hours in the water, afraid to move, lest he 
should get out of his depth. 

IV. Comd. depth-gauge, a gauge used to 
measure the depth of holes; depth-wise adv., in 
the way or direction of depth. 

1814 W. ‘T'avior in Monthly Mag. XX XVIII. 214 A viola- 
tion of unity of scene, not sidewards, but depthwise. 


Depthen, v. rare. [f. Dertn: cf. dengthen, 


| strengthen, heighten, etc.) trans. = DREPEN. 


1587 Fixminc Contn. //dlinshed 11. 1547/1 One pent of 
water had so scowred and depthened the same [ uen’s 
mouth]. 1723 Lond. Gas, No. 6148/1 An Act for depthning 
.. and improving the Haven and Piers of Great Yarmouth. 

Hence De‘pthening vé/. sd. and ffl. a.; depth- 
ening-tool (see next). 

, vol. sb. [f. assumed vb. depth = 
DerrHen + -1NG!.] In depthing or depthenings 
tool: @. a countersink for deepening a hole; b. 
a watchmaker’s tool for gauging the distances of 
pivot-holes in movement plates. 

1788 Zrans. Soc. Arts V1. 188 Description of the sector 
depthing tool [in Horology). 1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 
IV. ey J Supposing we ped a wheel and pinion into the 
depthing tool, with sixty-four teeth and eight leaves respec- 
tively, 1884 F. J. Barrren Watch § Clockm. 8 Accuracy 
of construction is absolutely ial in the depthing tool. 

De ess (de'pplés), a, [-LEss. 

1. Of which the depth cannot be soun 
less ; abyssal. ; 

1619 H. Hurton Follies’ Anat. 22 A sabariticke sea, a 
depthlesse gulfe. 1620 Dekkex Dreante (1860) 13 Were.. My 

n of pointed adamant .. Mine inkeadepthlesse sea. 1654 

©. Jounson Wond. wrkg. Provid. 132 The dep:hlesse ditches 
that blind guides lead into. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 159 
‘The salt flood’s limitless—depthless waters. 

2. Without depth actually; shallow, superficial. 

1816 Corertnce Biog. Lit., etc. (1882) 318 The depthless 
abstractions of fleeting ph " shadows of sailing 
vapours. — Aids Ref. (1854) 122 The breadthless lines, 
depthless surfaces, and perfect circles of geometry. 


1; fathom- 


+ Depulse, v. Obs. [ad. L. dépulsare to thrust 
away, freq. of dépellére, f. De- 1. 2 + pellére, puls-, 
to drive, push; see DepxL.] ¢rans. To drive or 
thrust away, thrust down. 

c1sss Haresriecp Divorce Hen. idee He that 
married his brother's wife. .depulsed the shame i y 
of barrenness, 1 Foxe 4. & AZ. (1596) 535/1 Whic' 
. not onlie thrust into heauen. .saintes of your owne making 
.- but also depulse downe from h .. Gods welbel 
seruants., 1623 Cockeram, Defuése, to drive away, to thrust 


one often away. 

+ Depulsion (dipylfan). Ods. [ad L. dé- 
pulsion-em, n. of action from dépellére to drive 
away: see pea The action of driving or 
thrusting away ; expulsion; repulsion. 

1611 Srvep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. $94 (After her Husbands 
depulsion from his regall Throne) her forces being vanquished 
at the battell of Tewksbury. 1638 Witxins New World 1. 

1684) 163 | They] cannot have any Power of Attraction or 

pulsion in them. ‘ 

+ Depu'lsive, a. Oés. [f. L. dépuls-, ppl. stem 
of dépellére: see -1vE: cf. impulsive.) Having the 
quality of driving away ; averting ; og lactic. 
c 1615 C. More Life Sir 7. More —_ whole- 
some depulsive triacle..against this. .deadly infection. 

+Depu'lsor. O/s. In 6 depoulsour. [a. L. 
dépulsor, agent-n. from dépellére: see DEPULSE. 
Cf. OF. depulseur (Godet.).] One who drives 
or thrusts away ; a repeller, tos Halil 

U E » Apoph. .) Hercules was 
in ide Hog a sore fol ar Le pic maer that 
is, ‘onto and driver awaye of all eui 


Ils, 
pu'lsory, a. Ols. [ad. L. dépulsdri-us, f. 
dépulsor ; see prec, and -ory.] = DEPULSIVE. 
1609 Hoitann Amm, Marcell. xxv. ii. 263 Making sup- 
plication. .unto the gods by the meanes of certaine depelaaris 


sacrifices, 
+ Depu’ v. Sc. Obs. In6 depulje, -uil3zie. 
[ad. F. trhehy i in OF; deip-.] = Despon, 
1513 DovGtas 4xneis wv. vii. 80 Lyk emetis .. Quhen thai 
depulze the meikle bing of quheit. 

+ (dpitirant,de*piu-),a, and sd, Aled, 
ad, med.L. dépirant-em, pr. pple. of dépirare 
"A. adj. Purifying; Med, Having the quality of 

ij. Purifying ; Med. Having the quality o! 
mes the blood "or other fluids of the 4 
a . A medicine or substance which has 
ore Cc. Wi The: 8: Ww: | 
Cc, y ter acts not on 
ohn: tthe agent Soa 
> i. or 

cpurant, purifying ; cleansing. the R Hi a 


kind of di hat purifies y. 
“+ Bepurate, pla. Obs. ad. med.L. dep 
rat-us, pa. pple. of dépiirdre (see next): in F, 


with so depurate 
Goan Celest. Bodies m. ii. 428 “seal ano, and “tt ppl ; 
Depurate (dipiiivreit, v. ppl. 
stem of med.L. dépiirdre, f. Dx- I. 3+pirare to 
Pity, purus Cf. F. dépurer Ser ce. in 
atzf.), Pr. Sp. depurar, It. depurare. 


DEPURATION. 


1. trans. To free fr8in im urities, purify, cleanse. 
1620 VENNER V’7a Recta Introd. 8 It [water] is the better 
depurated with the morning Sunne, and pure orientall 
Windes. 1685 Boy. Zfects Motion Suppl. 136 Let the 
Gums be depurated with the Vinegar of Squills. 175x Bayiy 
in Phil. Trans. XLVII. 29 Sufficient to depurate the blood. 
1800 Howarp 7éid. XC. 218 It had been depurated from 
excess of alkali, 1880 Havucuron Phys. Geog. iii. 78 The 
luxuriant Flora of the Coal period—which served.to depu- 

rate the atmosphere of its Carbonic Acid. 
Jig. 1681 GLanvitt Sadducismus 148 Their Imagination 
is not sufficiently defecated and depurated from the filth .. 
of Corporeity. 1780 Burke Speech at Bristol Wks. 1842 
I, 263 It was long before the spirit of true piety .. could be 
depurated from the dregs and feculence of the contention. 
1832 Fraser's Mag. V1. 602 Will you not feel your being 
depurated of its accustomed weaknesses ? ee? 
. intr.(for reft.) To become free from impurities. 

1767 Monro in /Ai?. Trans. LVII. 497 After it had stood 
for a month to depurate, it was again filtered. 

Hence Depurated ///. a., Depurating v/. sb. 
and ffl. a. 

1651 Bicas New Disp. » 124 The depurated bloud from 

he vena cava, 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. 1. 179 

ulphur is also found .. but the melting and depurating of 
it is too chargeable. 1781 PAi7. Trans. LXXI. 41 The 
quantity of depurated salt they will afford. 1840 Baruam 
Ingol. Leg., Spectre of Tapp., They had come under the 
valet’s depurating hand. 1844-57 G. Biro Urin. Deposits 
(ed. 5) 63 The depurating functions of [the] kidneys. 

Depuration (depiuré'fon).  [a. F. dépuration 
(13th c. in Littré), or ad. med.L. dépiratiin-em 
(It. depurazione, Sp. depuracion, Pr. depuracio), 
n. of action from a@épirare to DepuRatE.] The 
action or process of freeing from impurities; puri- 
fication, refining ; in A/ed, the removal of impurities 
from the humours or fluids of the body. 

1603 HoLtanp Plutarch's Mor, 603 (R.) ‘This manner of 
depuration and clarifying of it by a strainer. 1641 Frencu 
Distill, i. (1651) 33 Vhe depuration of Manna for this use. 
1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat p. xii, This critical 

epuration of the Blood by Eruptions on the Skin. 1789 
Mrs. Piozzt Yourn, France I. 195 The depuration of gold 
may be performed many ways. 1880 Havucuron 7/ys. 
Geog. iii. 81 The Upper Palzozoic age, in’ which the chief 
depuration of the atmosphere took place. 

epurative .d/piii*rativ, de-piure'tiv), a. and 

sb. _[f. med. or mod.L. dépirativ-us, f. ppl. stem 
of dépirare: cf. F. dépuratif (1792 in Hatzf.) } 

A. adj. Having the quality of cleansing from 

impurities. B. sé. A purifying agent or medicine. 

Depurative disease, a name given by Dickinson to larda- 
ceous disease. 

1684 tr. Boxet's Merc. Compit. vi. 167 A depurative fer- 
mentation of the humours. 1830 Linptey Nat. Syst, Bot. 
147 The depurative properties ascribed .. to Viola cafhina. 
1861 7echnologist 11. 30 Sarsaparilla .. as a depurative and 
restorative in disorders of the blood. 

Depurator (de‘piure'ta:). [agent-n. f. Depu- 
RATE. on Latin analogies.] An agent or apparatus 
that purifies or cleanses ; sfec. see quot. 1874. 

1835 Kirsy Hah. § Inst. Anim. 1. 159 Similar to what 
devolves upon the larves of certain insects, with regard to 
stagnant waters, they may be depurators. 1858 Simmonps, 
Depurator, a French machine for cleansing and preparing 
cotton for spinning. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Depurator, 
an apparatus to assist the expulsion of morbid matter by 
means of the excretory ducts of the skin. .The defpurator 
is described in Nathan Smith’s English patent, 1802. 1885 
Alien, & Neurol. Oct. 540 The remedies indicated .. are 
chiefly depurators and nutrients. 

[mod. 


aaereretory (dépiiioratari), a. (sb.) 
f, We . stem of dépiirare: see -oRY.] 

. adj, =DEPURATIVE a, ; formerly spec. ‘ap- 
plied to certain diseases which were supposed to 
carry off impurities from the system’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1676 Phil. Trans. X1. 569 The Continual Depuratory 
Feaver. 1733 Cuevne Eng. Malady u. xi. § 3 (1734) 233 
Nervous Fevers, as distinguished from Hot and Daseanvans 
ones. 1870 Rotteston Anim, Life 256 A water-vascular 
or depuratory system. 

B. sb. =DEPURATIVE sé, 

+ Depu're, v. Os. [ad. F. dépurer or med.L, 
dépiirare: see DEPURATE.] trans. To free from im- 
purity, cleanse, purify (/¢. and Mg.) ; =DEPuRATE v. 

a bs ord Alexander 2768 Send .. Sum pured pelloure de- 
purid to put in oure wedis. 1447 BoKENHAM Seyntys (Roxb.) 
246 My soule depuryd from vyce. 1599 NAsue Lenten 
Stuffe Ep. Ded., He sends for the barber to depure, decur- 
tate, and sponge him. 1699 Evetyn Acefaria (1729) 156 
Ingredients .. [which] depure the Blood. 

ence Depu'red, Depu ring A7/. adjs. 

aang, Hass Examp,Virt, vi. 74 And lyke crystall depured 
was Euery wyndowe. 1508 Dunsar Goldyn Targe i, With 
cleir depurit beims christalyne. _ 1545 RaYNotp Byrth Man- 
kynde 133 Confycte them with clanved and depuryd hunny. 
1546 Lanctey Pol, Verg. De Invent. 11. i. 35 b, Lawes promul- 
gate by God, confirmed after the moste depured and perfecte 
maner, 1873 W. S. Mayo Never Again xxxii. 417 Spirit of 
Night.. Already doth thy soft depuring light Mineeyesuntilm, 

urgatory, ¢. Obs. rare-°, [f. ppl. 
stem of L, dépurgire to clean out: see -ory.] 
Having the quality of purging or cleansing. 
1611 Coter., Depurgatoire, depurgatorie; purging. 
‘rge, v. Obs. [ad. L. dépurgare: see 
prec.] ¢rans. To purge or cleanse from impurity. 

1657 in Physical Dict. 

Depurit, Sc. f. Depurep ffl. a. 

Depurition, bad form for DEPuRATION. 

1847 in Craic. 


223 


+ Depu'rse, v. Sc. Ods. [f. De- II. 2+ Purse: 
cf, deburse, disburse.) = DISBURSE, 

@ 1648 Sc. Acts Chas. / (1814) V. 479 (Jam.), With power 
..to borrow, vptak, and leavie moneyes .. and to give .. 
directiones for depurseing thairof. 1655 in Z. Boyd Zion's 
Flowers (1855) App. 29/1 Halfe of the expenses depursed 
in legall pursute. 1676 W. Row Contin. Blair's Autobiog. 
xii. (1848) 380 Which monies Mr. Blair did most willingly 
depurse. 1733 P. Linpsay /uterest Scot. 203 The Money 
depurst for their Expence and Provisions, 

Hence Depu'rsement = DisBURSEMENT. 

1636 RutHerroxp Leét. (1862) I. 158 Write up your de- 
pursements .. and keep the account of what ye give out. 
1643 Sc. Acts Chas, /:1870) VI. 16 Necessarie depursements 
bestowed be him. 1774 Petit. in A. MeKay “Hist. Ait 
marnock 303 ‘Vo..expend the haill necessary depursement. 

Deputable (dipiztab'l, de*piz-), a. [f. DeruTEe 
v, +-ABLE.] Capable of being, or fit to be, deputed. 

162x W. Scrater 7ythes (1623) 220 A fifth or tenth of Time 
deputable to the seruice of God. /d/d. 224 A sixth or eighth 
of time deputable to Gods seruice, 1841 Cartyie Barllie 
Misc. (1888) VI. 207 A man deputable to the London Par- 
liament and elsewhither. 

+ De‘putary, a. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. DeputE v. 
+-ARY 1] Acting as a deputy; deputed. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 391 b, His [the Pope's] 
Bulles of Pardons and his deputary Comissaryes. 

f De-putate, ppl. a. Obs. [ad. L. députit-us, 
pa. pple. of deputdre to DEPuTE.] (Afle. and adj ) 
Deputed ; appointed, assigned. 

a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 32 Holy place, whiche 
deputat ys only to dyuyne vse. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 
mm. 181 Rhamnusia, quhilk [#7/sf7. quhill] was luge deputate. 

Deputation (depimtéifon), sd. [f. L. type 
*députation-em, n. of action from députdre to DE- 
puTe: cf. F. dépetation (16th c. in Littré), It. 
depulazione (deputatione, Florio 1598).] The action 
of deputing, or fact of being deputed. 

+1. gen. Appointment, ordination, assignment 
(to an office, function, etc... Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf, III. 178 He shall..Ordeigne his depu- 
tation Of suche juges, as ben lerned. ¢1449 Pecock Re/r. 
ui. xii, 220 The deputacioun and the assignyng bi which the 
visible eukarist is ordeyned and assigned forto represente 
the bodiof Crist. 109-10 Act 1 Hen. VI/1,c. 9 Vhe Chaun- 
celler .. [shall] have the Deputacion and Assignement of .. 
Persones .. that they shall take and receyve the seid Toule 
and Custome. 1640 Br. Hatt Efisc. 11. xxi. 207 One Bartolo- 
meus the Bishop of the Hereticks .. taking upon him the 
Deputation of that Anti-pope, yeelded unto hima wicked and 
abhominable reverence. a 1647 Fu.mer Patriarcha (1887) 
32 Itseems they did not like a king by deputation but desired 
one by succession. 1650 R. Hottincwortn Usurped Powers 
68 None can take it in hand but by deputation from him. 

2. spec. Appointment to act on behalf of another ; 
delegation. 

[1534 Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 3 § 4 Any person..to whome 
any deputacion shalbe made by commission.] 1552 HuLorr, 
Deputation, sudsortitio, substitutio, surrogatio. 1597 
Hooker Lect. Pol. v. Ixxxi. § 7 Vnto all these .. the 
law hath .. given leaue, while themselues bear waizhtier 
burthens, to supply inferiour by deputation. 1698 Norris 
Treat, Sev. Subjects 280 That we Feed them our selves, 
and not by Proxy or Deputation. 1799 J. RoperTson 
Agric. Perth 44 The king .. grants this deputation to a 
person regularly bred to the law. 1863 A. J. Horwoop 
Year-bks. 30-1 Edw. I, Pref. 29 An attorney might be 
appointed for a particular suit or generally for all suits, and 
the latter kind of deputation was common in Eyre, 

b. A document conveying such an appoint- 
ment; a commission, warrant. Ods. 

1628 Dicpy Voy. Medit, (1868) 4 This same day I sealed 
to Sir Edward Stradling a deputation of being my Vice- 
admirall. 1691 Lond, Gaz. No. 2698/4 A black Hair’d 
Man, who went about the Countries with a false Depu- 
tation. fee Jane Austen Left. 1. 162 James Digweed 
called to day, and I gave him his brother's deputation. 

+3. An appointment by the lord of the manor to 
the office and rights of a gamekeeper ; a document 
conveying such appointment under statutory au- 
thority. Ods. 

(The deputation was necessary to constitute a gamekeeper ; 
but it was also frequently used as a means of giving to 
friends the privilege of shooting game over an estate.) 

1749 Fiecpinc Zom Yones wv. v, The squire declared .. he 
would give the game-keeper his deputation the next morn- 
ing. ¢181§ JANE AusTEN Persuas. iii. (D.), He .. had 
inquired about the manor; would be glad of the deputation, 
certainly, but made no great point of it; said he sometimes 
took ont a gun, but never killed. 1869 Daily News 23 Apr., 
Formerly the Woods and Forests gave what were called 
‘deputations’ to gentlemen to shoot over the Crown lands, 
1880 S. Watrote //ist. Eng. III. 63 Country gentlemen 
who were desirous of doing a neighbour a good turn were 
in the habit of giving him a ‘ deputation’ as a gamekeeper. 

4. A body of persons appointed to go ona mission 
on behalf of another or others. Often a small 
company (or a single person) deputed by a society 
to visit various places on behalf of the society. 
(The chief current use.) 

1732 Lepiarp Sethos Il. 1x. 344 ‘They propos’d to send 
a aeration of four senators. 1828 D’Israett Chas. J, I. 
vi. 186 A deputation of the Houses waited on the King. 
1879 MeCartuy Own Times I. xxii, 146 The deputations 
represented certain metropolitan parishes, and were the 
exponents of markedly Radical opinions. xe: 

Hence Deputa‘tion, Deputa‘tionize v., to visit 
with a deputation; Deputa‘tional ., of or belong- 
ing to a deputation; Deputa‘tionist, one who 
belongs to or supports a deputation. 


| Minict 


DEPUTE, 


1885 Manch. Exam. 18 Mar. 5/3 Vhe trustees are on the 
side of the deputationists. 1888 Balance Sheet Manchester 
Ch. of E. Temp. Soc., Travelling and Deputational Ex- 
1888 Lanc. Evening Post 3 Feb. 2/4 The Prime 

linister has been deputationised by some of the most expert 
among our sociclogists. 1891 Scott. Leader 12 Jan. 4 The 
Unionists. . last week ‘deputationed’ Mr. Goschen. 

Deputative (de‘pizteitiv), a. [f. L. daputat-, 
ppl. stem of dépuldre to DEPUTE +-IVE.] | Charac- 
terized by deputation or by being deputed ; of the 
nature of a deputy. 

1625-8 tr. Camden's Hist, Elis. i. (1688) 362 A Parlia- 
ment .. begun by a deputative Commission granted by the 
Queen tothe Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord ‘Treasurer, 
and the Earl of Derby. 1646 Litpurne Game Scotch & 
Eng. 20 Wherein the joynt military int t of both King- 
domes is represented .. and both thereby incorporated into 
one deputative body. a1653 GouGre Comm, Hed. ii. 5 If 
authority be yielded un-to Angels, yet that authority is only 
deputative in reference to. .work which is injoyned by them, 

Hence De‘putatively adv., by way of deputa- 
tion. 

1653 GAUDEN /frerasf. 472 To pay Tithes to Christ .. by 
the hands of his Ministers, who are deputatively and 
ministerially himself. 1818 G. S. Faner Hor. MMos. 1. 43 
And who can have authority to send, unless God imme- 
diately, or certain of his previously appointed messengers 
deputatively ? 

Deputator (de'pi/teitar’. rave. [agent-n from 
L. députire to DEPUTE.] 

1. One who deputes another to act for him, 

1669 Locke Laws ef Carolina § 56 All such deputations. . 
shall be revocable at the pleasure of the deputator, 1884 
19th Cent. Jan, 84 The deputy necessarily disappeared with 
the deputator. 

2. A member of a deputation. (sonce-use.) 

1894 Vat. Observer 6 Jan, 181/1 Vhe philanthropic projects 
of Professor Stuart. and other ‘deputators’. 

Bepute (de:pizi), AA/. a. and sb. Now only Sv. 
Also 5-6 deputte, 6-7 deput; sce also Desire. 
[Found as pa. pple. before the appearance of any 
other part of Depure v.; app. repr. OF. depute 
(mod.F. dputé) pa. pple., the final e having become 
mute, as in asstyn, avowe, etc. After the verb 
came into use, depute, deput, continued to be used 
as its pa. pple., and even as its pa. t. (esp. in Sc., 
where perhaps it was viewed as short for depuéit, 
deputed). Only Se. since the 17th c.] 

+A. as fa. pple. Deputed ; imputed, ascribed ; 
appointed, assigned: see DEPUreE v. 

1382 Wyciir om. Prol. 299 The apostil .. shewith .. al 
..to be depute to the grace of God. 1413 Piler. Sowle 
(Caxton) 1. xxii. (1859) 24 Grace, quene and heuenly pryncesse. 
As depute by the souerayne kyng eterne. ¢ 1440 Geséa Rowe, 
liv. 235 (Harl. MS) Thei .. hadde I-putte sheldes in a 
certeyne place deputte berefor. 1513 DouGtas Aéne7s v1. ix. 
180 Quhat sort of pane is deput ay For ilk trespas. 1623 
Campen in Lett, Lit, A/en (Camden) 126 Some such as were 
deput for mee in this yeeres Visitation. 

B. sb. One deputed ; = Dervry. (Now only Se.) 

1405, 1490 [see Deruty 1b, 2]. 1530 in W. H. ‘Turner 
Select. Rec. Oxford 72 Vhe seyd Chaunseler, hys Deputt’s, 
and Scolers, 1563-7 Bucnanan Reform. St. Andros Wks. 
(1892) 15 ‘The conservatour or hys deput being present. 
a1605 Montcomerie A/isc. Poents xxviii. 1 Melancholie, 
grit deput of Dispair. 182r Jos a Baiwuir Aetr. Leg., 
Lord Fohn xxiv, "Vwas no depute’s task your guest to ask. 
1868 Act 31-2 Vict, c. 101 § 36 Such decree shall be re- 
corded by the director of Ci-ancery, or his depute. 

C. In comb. (Sc.) 

1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 56 
Ressaivit by the Commissar depute, the rentalles of the 
pretendit bischopes’ rentes. 1681 Act Secur. Peace of 
Kingda. (Scotl) in Lond. Gaz. No. 1648/4 ‘Yo nominate 
Sheriff-Deputs, Justices of Peace, or other Commissioners. 
1753 Stewart's 7rial App. 4 Mr. Archibald Campbell of 
Stonefield, sheriff-depute of the shire of Argyll. 1869 
Pall Malt G. 6 July 5 The Lord Advocate. .the Solicitor- 
General. .Subordinate to these are four advocate-deputes. 

per (dépizt), v.  [a. F. députer (1328 in 
Hatzf.), ad. L. députdre to consider as, destine, 
allot, f, De- I, 2 b + putadre to think, count, con- 
sider, etc.] . 

+1. trans. Toappoint, assign, ordain (a person or 
thing) to or for a particular office, purpose, or 
function. Odés. 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vu. vi. 361 And als he depute hys 
Counsale The erle of Fyfe mast specyale. 1483 Caxton Gold. 
Leg. 89 b/t Thys chylde was taken prysoner and deputed 
to serue the kynge. 1489 — /aytes of A.1v. xv. 274 The 
sygne of the Egle is deputed for the dygnyte Imperyal. 
1513-4 Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 1 Pream., The Kyng.. hath 
deputed and ordeyned in the seid Citie .. divers officers 
and ministres. «1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bh. M. Aurel. 
(1546) I ij, He deputed two howres for the matters of Asie. 
1631 GouGe God's Arrows m1. Ep. Ded. 4 Faithful .. in de- 
puting to the Lords service men fit for their function. 1683 
Brit. Spec. 129 Westminster. .was..from its first foundation 
deputed for the burial of our Kings. ; 

+2. To assign, impute, ascribe, attribute. Ods. 

1382 [see Derute ffl. a.]. 1485 Caxton St. Wenefr. 10 
They myght depute it to the pryde of her. @ 1592 H. Smiru 
Serm. Phil, i, 23 The Apostle .. doth depute their strange 
diseases and sudden death to none other cause, 

+ 8. To consign, deliver over. Obs. 

a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 44 Lette nat me be 
deputid to euerlastyng flammys. 1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. 
x1. xix, But some..seased tymbre & boordes which were 
broken of the shipp, whyche the flodes deputed at theyre 
playsire. 1483 — Gold. Leg. 264/t This blessid saint .. was 
deputed unto an hard and strayte pryson. 


= 


DEPUTERY. 


4. To assign (a charge) ; now, sfec. to commit, 
give in charge (authority, etc.) to a deputy or 
substitute. 

1495 Act 11 Hen, V'/1, c. 35 Pream., The Kyngis Grace.. 
deputed to —_ than and sithen offices of charge. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. W.deW. 1531) 28 b, Spirituall talentes, whiche 
our lorde hath dep to our cred 1727 De For 
Hist. Appar. vi. (1840) 59 The Devil may depute such and 
such powers and privileges to his confederates. 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Berkeley 1. iv. 73 She could not depute it to 
anybody to judge when was tie right time. 

8. spec. ‘Yo appoint (a person) as one’s substitute, 
delegate, or agent; to ordain to dct on one’s behalf. 

{2494 Fasyan Chron. w. Ixiii. 42 Caraucius .. was by the 
Senate of Rome deputed for a Substitute or a Ruler vnder 
the Romaynes. 1530 Patscr. 513/1, I muste nedes departe, 
but I wyll depute some bodye in my romme. 140 Act 32 
Hen. V1/1, c. 35 The Justice and Justices .. shall i a 
assigne depute and appoincte as many deputie or deputies 
..as..shalbe thought convenient] 1552 Hvutort, De- 
pute .. surrogo, delego. 1604 Suaks. Oth. tv. ii. 226 To 
depute Cassio in Othellos place. 1687 in Magd. Coll. & 
oc /I, \xviii, The vice President and others Fellows .. 

ing deputed by the rest of the Fellows of the said College, 
to answer. 1709 SteELre Zatler No. 55» 5 The Deputies 
of the Six Cantons who are deputed to determine the Affair 
of Tockenburg. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch. Strike iv. 54 
Allen, Clack, and Gibson were deputed to wait on the 
masters. 1874 Green Short Hist. i. § 2. 172 They were 
elected. .by a few of the principal burghers deputed for the 
purpose. 

+b. adsol. To send a deputation. Obs. rare. 

1768 Woman of Honor 11. 94 Soon after, a borough de- 
puted to him, with an entreaty to do it the honor of repre- 
senting it. 

+6. (See quot., and cf. DeruraTIon 3.) Obs. 

1832 in Pall Mall G, 13 Aug. (1889) 3/2 There lies before 
me a copy of an old local newspaper of August, 1832, which 
contains numerous ‘ Notices to Sportsmen’ that the game 
on such and such a manor is now reserved or ‘deputed’, 

Hence Depu'ted f//. a., Depu'ting v//. si. ; also 
Depu'ter, one that deputes. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 1j, There is no sacrament which 
hath not..bothe hys deputed element, word, and com- 
mandement. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M. 1. ii. 60 Not the 
Kings Crowne; nor the deputed Sword, The Marshalls 
‘Truncheon, nor the Iudges Robe. a164r Br. Mountacu 
Acts & Mon.(1642) 369 No deputation depriveth the Deputer 
of his right. 1651 G. W. tr. Cowel's /nst. 41 Wee have 
sometimes 7xtores Dativi, or deputed Guardians amongst 
us. 1742 Younc Nt. Th. ix. 228 Already is begun the 
grand assize. . Deputed conscience scales The dread tribunal. 
1795 Fate of Sedley 11. 70 Suetonius Paulinus, the deputed 
Commander of Nero. 

+ Deputery, deputrie. O/s. Sc. [DrruTe 
sb.+-nY.] The office of a depute, deputyship. 

1584 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) 300 (Jam.) The office of 
deputrie and clerkship in the said office of Thesaurarie. 

Deputize (de‘pistaiz), v. [f. DepuTe sd. or 
Depry +-12E.] 

1. ¢rans. To appoint as a deputy. Chiefly U.S. 

1730-6 Bairey (folio! Pref, Députize, to constitute or 
appoint one a Deputy. 1821 Port Folio Jan. (Bartlett), They 
seldom think it necessary to deputize more than one person 
to attend to their interests at the seat of government. 1828 
Wenster Deputize, to appoint adeputy; to empower to act 
for another, as a sheriff. 1877 Srarrow Serm, xix. 248 Those 
who were deputized .. did their master’s work faithfully. 

2. intr. To act as a deputy ; usually in reference 
to musical engagements. col/og. 

1869 A theneunt 27 Mar. 445/3 Mr. Perren deputized cre- 
ditably for Mr. Sims Reeves. 1884 Musical Times 1 May 
297/1 A London organist, who has relinquished regular 
work, will deputise upon nominal terms. 

Deputrie, sce DepuTery, Ods. 

Deputy de‘pizti’, s+. Forms. 5 depute, de- 
putee; Sc. depwte, 6 deputye, 6-7 deputie, 7- 
deputy. [a. F. aéputé, subst. use of pa. pple. of 
députer to Depute. Originally spelt depute ; in 
one form of which the final ¢ became mute (though 
usually retained in writing); in another form it 
continued to be pronounced, and then as in Crry, 
etc., it passed Sie -ce, -teto -y. (Cf. tassigne, 
assign, assignee.) The ME. examples of depute are 
placed here, but might as well stand under DepuTE 
sb, See also the corrupted forms Desire, Desrry.] 

1. A person appointed or nominated to act for 
another or others, esf. to hold office or exercise 
authority instead of another; a substitute, lieu- 
tenant, vicegerent. 

1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. x. 381 And Deputis be-hynd hym 
he left To keipe Brettayne. 1g11 Hen, VII in Ellis Orig. 
Lett, Ser.u. 1, 170 That .. ye .. paye unto theim, or to their 
deputie in their names, the summes aforesaid, 1624 Ln, Ken- 
sincTon /id. Ser. 1. 111. 174 But the case is now different, 
sayd she, for there the Prince was in Person, heer is but 
his deputy. But a deputy, answerd I, that represents his 

rson, 1660 Woov Li/e (O. H. S.) I. 361 For the Greek 

lecture, the reader therof..got a deputy to do it. 1727 
Swirt Gulliver 1. vi. 70 In the keg ot of a professor, or 
one of his deputies. 1818 Jas. Mitt. Brit. Jndia 11. w. viii. 
283 They sent to the army two members of council, as field 
deputies, without whose concurrence no operations should 
be carried on, 84x W. Spacvine /faly & /t. Ist. IIT. 338 
The. .university of Padua. .besides deputies and assistants, 


has 35 professors. . 
Pe 1717 L. Howet Desiderius 58 Those two Deputies of 

de, the Lust of the Flesh, and the Lust of the Eye. 1783 
Map. D’Arstay Diary 19 Jan., I found her .. not merely 
free from pride, but free from affability—its most mortifying 


deputy. 


d 


224 


b. Law. A authorized to exercise on be- 
half of another the whole of his office (general 
deputy), or some special function of it (special 
deputy), but having no interest in the office. 

1405 Rolls of Parit. 11. 605/1 Our generalls and 


| a Attornes and Deputes. 1602 Fuisecke 2nd 7, 


ae 46 a yey ye ome herent, a Lnage = 
adeputie. 1607-' OWELL /nterfr. s. V. Deputy hat! 
not any interest S the Office, but is onely the shadow of 
the r, in whose Name he doth all things. 1642 Perkins 
Prof. Bk. i. § 100 An assignee is such a person who doth 
occupie ip his own right, and a deputie such a person who 
doth occupie in the right of another, 1833 Act 3 & 4 Will. 
IV, c. 42 $20 The Sheriff of each County. .shall..name.. 
a sufficient Deputy, who shall. .have an ice within One 
Mile of the Inner Temple Hall, for the Receipt of Writs [ete. }. 

ec. A person delegated or sent (alone or as a 
member of a deputation) to act in the place of 
those who send him, 

1769 Rosertson Chas, V, V. 1, 222 Charles artfully 
avoided admitting their deputies to audience. 1838 ‘T'nirt- 
wALt Greece IV. 347 Three deputies were sent back with 
them to Sinope, to fetch the vessels. 1862 Lp. BrouGuam 
Brit. Const. vi. 87 The lesser barons were called to send 
deputies, instead of attending personally. 

d. Phr. By deputy: by another person in one’s 
stead, by proxy. 

1625 Bacon /ss., Studies (Arb.) 11 Some Bookes also may 
be read by Deputy, and Extracts made of them by Others. 
1764 Footr Mayor of G. 1. Wks. 1799 I. 180 He is suffered 
to do that by deputy. 1868 Freeman Nori. Cong. (1876) 
II. vii. 23 His wars were waged by deputy. 

2. Special applications. 

+a. One deputed to exercise authority on behalf 
of the sovereign or of the sovereign power; a 
proconsul, a viceroy,a Lord Lieutenant (of Ireland). 
c14go in Gairdner Lett. Rich. 1/1 & Hen. VII (Rolls) 
App. A, Our right gode lord Gerald erle of Kildare your 
depute lieutenaunt of this your land of Irland. 1568 Bisce 
(Bishops’) 1 Avngs xxii. 47 There was then no kyng in 
Edom, the deputie was king. — Acts xviii. 12 When Gallio 
was the deputie of Achaia. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. V///, m1. ii. 
260 You sent me Deputie for Ireland. 1 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 3190/3 My Lord Capell, Lord Deputy of Ireland. 185 
Ropertson Serv. Ser. 1v. (1863) I. 7 There was there a 
deputy, that is, a proconsul. 
b. In the City of London, a member of the 
Common Council, who acts instead of an alderman 


is the Deputy. . 
ec. An officer in a coal-mine. (See quots.) 

1851 GREENWELL Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 
22 Deputies, a set of men employed in setting timber for the 
safety of the workmen; also in putting in brattice and 
brattice stoppings. ‘They also draw the props from places 
where they are not required for further use. 1893 Daily 
News 20 Nov. 5/4 Vhe deputies .. test the beams and other 
protective appliances put up, examine the passage walls and 
roofs and the state of the atmosphere, and tell the ‘de- 
tallers’ what to do, 

d. The manager of a common lodging-house. 
185r Mayuew Lond, Labour 1, 249 In some places knives 
and forks are not provided, unless a penny is left with the 
‘deputy’, or manager, till they are returned, 1888 7imes 
13 Oct. 12/1 She acted as deputy to the house in question 
[a_common lodging-house]. ‘ 

3. A person elected to represent a constituency ; 
a member of a representative legislative assembly. 
Chamber of Deputies: the second house in the 
national assembly of France, and some other coun- 
tries. 

1600 FE. Biount tr. Conestaggio 76 The three estates of 
the Realme, that is, the Clergie, the Nobilitie, and the 
Deputies of the Cities and townes. .at Lisbone. 1777 Watson 
Philip I (1839) 381 William .. meant .. to remove the 
assembly of the States (which was summoned to meet at 
Middleburgh) to a situation in which the deputies would 
not be so much infl d by the ies of Spain, 1792 
Gentl. Mag. LX11. u. 945 Three hundred and seventy-one 
deputies, assembled in one of the halls of the palace of the 
Thuilleries. 1809 Kenpatt 7'rav. I. v. 27 The —— are 
now frequently d i d repr tate: They were 

iently called ¢ ittee-men. 1837 Cartyie Fr, Rev. 
IIL. 1. vi, Deputy Thuriot, he who was Advocate Thuriot. 
1863 Mary Howirr F. Bremer's Greece 1, viii. 264 The 
Deputies are chosen by the people for three years. 

4. attrib. and Comb, Deputed; acting or ap- 
pointed to act instead of ..; vice-... 

1548 Hatt Chron, 211 b, Either chief Capitain of Caleis or 
els deputi NS _ i : Ss. 7 Serm. 1, 243 The 
poor you shall alwayes have with you, as my deputy-re- 
atceies but me (in re) - shall not have always. 1645 
Rutuerrorp 7'ryal & 7 ri. Faith (1845) 379 Christ's love to 
us was not deputy-love. .he loved us not by a vicar. 
Lond. Gaz. No. 3099/3 Mr. Godfrey, Deputy Governor o 
the Bank of England. 1805 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. 
III. 659 To appoint Captain Bellingham to be Deputy 

uarter Master general in Mysore. — Macautay £ss., 

Vad. D'Arblay, Singing women escorted by deputy hus- 
bands, 1863 H. Cox /us¢it. 1. vii. g2 The deputy-speakers 
are usually the chief judges of the courts of Westminster. 
1881 Rr. Hon. A.W. Pret in 7imes 2 Feb. a Standing 
Order is enabling only, and provides for appointment 


DERAIGN. 


and duties of the Deputy-Speal® during the unavoidable 
absence of the Speaker. 

Deputy, v. rare. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To ap- 
point or send as deputy ; to depute. 

1605 Sytvesrer Du Bartas u. iti. 1. Law 1126 Frail 
Aaron, Deputi’d During his [Moses’] absence, all the Flock 
to guide. i Quiver 186 Thrush, linnet, blackbird .. 
deputied the lark with praise to heaven. 

perehie. [f Depury sé.+-suir]. The 
office, term of office, or position of a 4 

1 Houtnsnep Chron. M1. 1079/2 Beau- 
champe earle of Warwike. . being. .deputie for John duke of 
Bedford (being regent of France) djd..obteine manie castels 
in his deputieship. 1624 Carr. J. Smitn Virginia v. 190 
They would not be gouernlesse when his Deputiship was 
expired. 1765 Cowrer Let. to F. Hill 8 Nov., I heartily 
wish him joy of his deputyship. 1881 Mrs. OvirHanr 
Harry Foscelyn 11. 281 The state into which his work 
must have got, but for the strenuous and anxious deputy- 
ship of his clerk. 

+ Dequantitate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. Dz- 
IL.*1 + L. guantitat-em quantity; see -aTE3 7.) 
trans. To diminish the quantity or amount of. 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. v. 86 This we affirme of 
pure gold, for that which is currant. . by reason of its allay. . 
1s actually dequantitated by fire. 1656 in Biount Gi 3 

+ Dequa‘ss, dequa‘ce, v. Ols. rare—'. f ; 
OF. dequasser, decasser to break down, crush, f. 
De- I, 1 + guasser, casser to break: see Cass, 
QuasH, Decass.] tans. To break down, crush. 

¢ 1400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 276 b/:t Thus with sleight shalt 
thou surmount and dequace the = in their herts. 

De quoi, dequoy, obs. forms of Decoy sb.2 

Der, obs. form of Dare v., Dear, DEER. 

Deracinate (dire‘sine't), v. [f. F. déracine-r 
(in OF. desr-), f. dé-, des-, L. Dis- + racine root ; 
sce -ATE3 7.) ¢rans. To pluck or tear up by the 
roots ; to uproot, eradicate, exterminate. /’t. and fig. 

1599 Suaks. /en.V, v. ii. 47 The Culter rusts, That should 
deracinate such Sauagery. 1606 — 7r. & Cr. 4. iij. go. 
1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 27 But neither Arms, 
nor Victories .. [were] able to deracinate or root out this 


Doctrine. 1788 Lond. Mag. 477 Yo deracinate and anni- 
hilate the whole system of moral, historical and revealed 
asseverations. 71883 Stevenson Silverado Sg. (1886) 80 


Disembowelling mountains and deracinating pines! 
b. transf. 

1843 E. Jones Poems, Sens. & Event 167 Chill every river 
into stagnancy, Deracinate the fruitful earth of growth. 

Hence Deracina‘tion, eradication, extirpation. 

¢ 1800 tr. Sonnini’s Trav. 1, 227 (L.) Nothing can resist 
an extreme desire to appear beautiful. The women submit 
to a painful operation—to a violent and total deracination. 

+ Dera‘de, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dérad-te to 
scrape or shave off, f. De- I. 2 + radére to shaye.] 
trans. To scrape off or away. 

1657 Tomunson Kenon's Disp. 378 Zopissa is Pitch de- 
raded from off maritimous ships. /ééd. 658 Quinces..must 


be..not brayed, but deraded. 

+ Deradiate (dircrdiclt), v. Obs. rare. [f. DE- 
I. 2+L. vadidre, radiat- to emit rays, f. radius 
ray.] zutr. To radiate forth. 

1650 CuarLeton Paradoxes Prol. 3 Those three Lines, 
perpetually deradiating from the Center of Truth. 

Hence + Deradia‘tion, radiation from a point. 

1650 Cuarteton Paradoxes Prol. 13 The Starres trans- 
mitting their Influence, by invisible Deradiations. 1704 
J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Actinobolism, The Diffusion 
or Deradiation of Light or Sound. 

Derai, obs. spelling of Denar. 

+ Derai-gn, s). Ols, In 4-5 dereyne, 5 de- 
rene, -rayn, 6 derene. [a. OF. des-, der-, de- 
raisne, -resne, -raigne, regne, -rene, f. desraisnier 
to Deraicn. In Laws of William I, latinized as 
disraisnia.] The action of vindicating or maintain- 
ing one’s right, esp. by wager of battle; hence, a 
challenge to single combat; a combat ; a duel. 

[1292 Britton v. xii. § 2 Ces plays soint comensables et 
pledables sicum en le graunt bref de dreit overt, mes nient 
par disre (transi. These pleas shall be com: 
tried in the same manner as t er writ of oe patent, 
but not by dereyne).] ¢1300 A. Adis. 7353 This dereyne, 
by the barouns Is y-mad, by alle bothe lay ae oe 1375 
Hassoun Bruce xitt. 324 On sarisenis thre deren3eis 
he; And [in-till] ilk derense of thai He vencust sarisenis 
twa. ¢1470 Harpinc Chron. 1x. iv, Turnus then was slayn : 
Eneas did that dede and that derayn With mighty es. 
¢1g00 Lancelot 2313 1 have o frend haith o dereyne ydoo, 
And I can fynd none able knycht tharto. 157; DovGias 
/Eneis xn. vi. 15 Suffir me perform my derene by and by. 
1658 Puitwirs, in..signifieth the proof of an action 
which a man affirmeth that he hath done, and his adversary 
denies. Hence in Kersey, Battey, etc, 

Derai‘gn, v.! Obs. exc. Hist. Forms: 3 de- 
ronne, 3-4 dereyne, 4 derenje, -eine, 4-6 de- 
rayne, -aine, 5 derreyne, darreyn, darayne, 
5-6 darreyne, -rayne, 5-7 darreine, 6 derene, 
darrein, -raine, -reigne, 6-7 dereigne, derraine, 
darraigne, 7 darrayne, deraigne, 7-8 darrain, 
7- deraign. [a. OF, deraisnier, -resnier, -rainier, 
-reiner, -regner, desr-, to render a reason or account 
of, explain, defend, etc., f. de-, des- (see Dx- I. 6) + 
raisnier to speak, ee declare, plead, defend 


:-late L. type *vationare, {. ration-em reckoning, 
account, ing of ‘The com d may 


rendering of reason. poun 
have itself been formed in late L.: cf. the med.L. 


= 


DERAIGN. 


forms dé-, di-, dirrationare in Du Cange; désrais- 
nare, disrainniare, were latinized from OF. Cf. 
also ARRAIGN (OF, arazsnier).] 

1. trans. Law. To prove, justify, vindicate; es. 
to maintain or vindicate (a right, claim, etc.\, by 
wager of battle; to dispute, contest (the claim, 
etc., of another, asserting an opposing claim). 

[1ag2 Brirron 1. xxiii. § 11 Si felonie, adunc doune le 
defendour gage a sey defendre, et le apelour gage pur la 
cause desreyner [¢vans/. If felony, then let the defendant 
give securify to defend himself, and the appellor security to 
prove the cause].] ¢ 1325 Coer de L. 7098 That hymself 
agayn fyve and twenty men, In wylde field wolde fyghte, 
To derayne Godes ryghte. 1 Alisaunder 124 To 
lache hym as Lorde pe lond for to haue, Or deraine it with 
dintes & deedes of armes. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1x. 746 
In-to playn fichting, 3he suld press till deren3e 3our richt. 
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 13084 There was no buerne with pat bold 
Nhe batell to take, The right to derayne with the rank duke. 
1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 1 § 2 Euery of the saide ioint 
tenantes.. maie haue aide of the other ..to the intent to 
dereigne the warrantie paramount. 1628 Coke Ox Litt. 6a. 
a 1680 Butter Rem. (1759) I. 333 You bestow much Pains 
to prove .. that the King is not above the Law..And this 
you deraign, as you call it, so far, that at length you say, 
the King hath not, by Law, so much Power, as a Justice 
of Peace, tocommit any Man to Prison. 1741 T. Ropinson 
Gavelkind vi. 129 Who shall deraign that Warranty. 

2. ¢rans. To vindicate or maintain a claim to 
(a thing or person); to claim the possession of, 
esp. by wager of battle; to challenge. 

a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 285 Ihesu swete ihesu..bu 
me derennedes wid like, and makedes of me wrecche pi 
leofmon and spuse. _¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 330 


Ageyn Kyng Edward, Scotland to dereyne, With werre & 
batail hard. ¢1386 Cuaucer Axt.’s 7. 751 Thou art a 


worthy knycht And wilnest to ggg 28 {v. ~. derreyne, 
darreyn, darreine, dereyne] hire by bataille. 1893 J. C. 
Biomrietp Hist. Souddern 12 Richard de Middelton came 
and deraigned that Manor in the King’s Court. 

3. To settle or decide (a claim or dispute) by 
judicial argument and decision, by wager of battle, 
etc.; to determine. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12629 3yf pou sette 
chalange ber-ynne. . Porow bataille schal hit be dereynt, 1387 
Trevisa Higdex GRoils) VH. 241 Pe cause schulde be de- 
reynede by dent of swerd. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas u. xxii. (1554) 
59 b, God and trouth was atwene them tweine Egall iudge 
their quarel to darayne. 1513 Dovcras 4ineis xu. xi. 184 
Lat me stand to my chance, I tak on hand For to derene 
the mater with this brand. x60x F. Tate Househ. Ord. 
Edw. IT, § 89 (1876) 53 After thei have dereigned before the 
steward, thresorer, and the serjantes of thaccount what fee 
thei shal have for such a present. 1809 BAwpwEeNn Domesday 
Bk. 460 The jury of the Wapentake have deraigned them to 
the use of the King. 

+4. Zo deraign battle (combat, etc.): a. To 
maintain (a wager of battle or single combat) in 
vindication of a claim, right, etc. Ods. 

61380 Sir Ferumb, 265 3if he mi3te ffor pat batail to 
dereyne profry hym forp to fizte. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Kut.'s 7. 

73 Iwo harneys .. suffisaunt and mete to darreyne The 
fatnilte in the feeld bitwix hem tweyne. 1548 HALL Chron. 
(1809) 4 Henry of Lancastre Duke of Herfforde Appellante & 
‘Thomas Duke of Norfolke Defendante have.. beet redy 
to darraine the batteill like two valiant Knyghtes & hardy 
champions. _ Ferne Blaz. Gentrie To vnderstand 
the order of the derayning, gaging and ioyning of those 
battailes, or single combates. 1600 Tate in Gutch Coll. Cur. 
I. 7 Combats personal that are derrained for causes capital. 

+b. To engage in battle, do battle ; whence (in 
Spenser, etc.) to set the battle in array. Ods. 

¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden 1844) 88 When 
Duke Richard had hearde the ambassadours..he was afeard 
to darraigne battaile. 1548 Hatt Chron. 47 The Kyng of 
Englande .. chose a place mete and conveniente for twoo 
armies to darrayne battail. 1590 Spenser /.Q. u. ii. 26 
Three valiant knights to see .. to darraine A triple warre 
with triple enmitee, 1593 SHaks. 3 Hen. VJ, u. ii. 72 Dar- 
raigne your battell, for they are at hand. x60z2 Carew 
Cornwall (1769) 125 Then darrayning a kinde of battell (but 
without armes) the Czsarians got the overhand. 1608 Hey- 
woop Sadlust’s Iugurth. (1609) 20 This happened towards 
the evening, no fit time to darraigne a battaile. 1654 Vit- 
vain Eft. Ess. 1. 54 The.. Kings .. darraind battle with 
4 Forreners. 1756 G. West Abuse Trav. xx. 8 [imitating 

penser] As if he meant fierce battle to darrain. 

+e. To dispose (troops, etc.) in battle array ; to 
array; to order. (Loose applications of the word 
by the Elizabethan archaists.) Ods. 

1591 SytvesteR Yury 100 Every Chief, apart, Darrains 
his Troups with order, speed and art. 1596 Spenser F. Q. 
1v. ix. 4 He gan advise how best he mote darrayne That 
enterprize, for greatest glories gayne. 1599 NASHE Lenten 
Stuffe 50 The lesser pigmeis..thought it meete to .. elect a 
King amongst them that might deraine them to battaile. 
1614 SyLvester Little Bartas 472 To serve Thee, as Hee 
{man] is sole ordain’d; So, to serve Him, Thou hast the 
rest [creatures] derrain’d. 1727 J. Ascitt Metam. Man 45 
God admitted Man to insert this Seed-Royal into the Gene- 
alogy of the World, and to deraign his Pedigree in form 
amongst the Descendants of Adam, 

+ Derai‘gn, v.2 Ods. Also 6 derene, derain, 
darrayne, 7 dereign. [a. OF. desregner, variant 
of desrengier, mod.F. déranger to put out of ranks, 

ERANGE.] 
. To put into disorder ; to derange, disarrange. 

1500-20 Dunsar Now Cumis Aige 56 Befoir no wicht I did 
complene, So did her denger me derene. 1530 Patscr. 
506/2, I darrayne (Lydgat), I chaunge or alter a thing from 
one purpose to another. Ye ¢ransmue. is worde is nat 

admytted in our comen spetche. 1706 Pxituirs (ed. 
ersey), paren. .to disorder or turn out of Course, 
ou, III. 


225 


2. passive. To be discharged from (religious) 
orders; see DERAIGNMENT 2. 

1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 42b, He that is professed 
monke etc. shalbe a monke, and as a monke shalbe taken 
for terme of his natural life, except he bee derained by the 
lawe of holye churche [Fr. Sivou gue it soit dereigne y la 
ley de saint esglise), 1602 VuLBECKE 1st Pt, Paradl. 11 Mf 
in auncient time a Monke, Fryer, or Cannon professed, 
which was no Soueraigne of an house, had graunted to one 
an annuitie, this was a voyd graunt, though he had beene 
after dereigned, or made Soueraigne of the same house, or 
some other. 1628 [see DERAIGNMENT?]. 1661 J. STEPHENS 
Procurations 39 Those Religious persons being deraigned 
and dispersed, were not. .subject to Visitation. 

b. ¢ransf, 1778 Love Feast 26 Invested once, no Saint 
can be deraign’d. : , 

Derai‘'gnment!. “ist. [a. OF. desraisne- 
ment, derainement, f. desraisnier ; see DERAIGN v.! 
and -MENT.] The act of deraigning ; = DERAIGN sé. 

1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), Deraignunzent, a deraigning or 
pork 1865 Nicuois B7ittou Il. 292 ‘These pleas shall 

commenced and tried in the same manner as the great 
writ of right patent, but not so as to admit of deraignment 
[AFr. disreyne]. 

+ Derai‘'gnment?. Ods. [a. OF. desrenement, 
f. desregner : see DERAIGN v.2 and -MENT.] Dis- 
charge from a religious order. 

1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 6 The same religious persons, 
and euery of them shall be made able .. to sue, and be sued 
in all manner of actions .. after the time of their seueral 
deraignements, or departinge out of their religion, 1628 
Coke Ox Litt. 136 b, Deraignment, a displacing, or turning 
out of his order. So when a Monke is derained, he is de- 
graded and turned out of his order, and become a lay man. 
1668 Hate Pref. Rolle's Abridgment 4 Profession, Deraign- 
ment, and the several Appendixes relating thereto, made 
considerable Titles in the old Year Books. 

Derail (dirzl), v. [ad. mod.F. dérailler (in 
Bescherelle’s 77. Dict. 1845, adm. by Académie in 
1878) ‘to go off the rails’, f. dé (= De- II. 2) + 
ratl Rain. Introduced from French about 1850, 
but app. received into general use first in U.S.] 

1. zutr. To run off or leave the rails. 

1850 Larpner Railway Economy 326 foot-note, Derailment 
—I have adopted this word from the French. .the verb ¢o de- 
rail or to be deratled may be used inacorresponding sense. 
1864 WessTER, Derai/, to run off from the rails of a rail- 
way, as a locomotive. Larduer. 1883 A. Crane in Leisure 
Hour 284/2 It [the locomotive] had ‘derailed’, 1883 in 
CassE Lt [the only sense given: characterized as American]. 

2. trans. To cause (a train, etc.) to leave the 
rails; to throw off the rails. 

1850 LarpNeER Railway Economy 327 On the 16th Septem- 
ber 1847, on the Manchester and Liverpool Railway, the last 
carriage of the express train, having two passengers in it, 
was derailed. /di¢., The displacement only became great 
enough to derail the wheels on the arrival of the last coach 
at the point. 1881 PAilad. Record No. 3416. 1 [They] 
stopped four cars forcibly, derailed them. 1881 M. Reynotps 
Engine-driving Life 32 Having their engines de-railed. 
1892 Daily News 4 Apr. 2/4 The faster a train ran, the more 
likely would it be to derail any impediment on the track. 

Hence Derai‘led //. a., Derai‘ling vd/. sb. 

1881 Nature XXV. 246 A ballasted floor of sufficient 
strength to hold up a derailed locomotive. 1884 Christian 
World 5 June 419/5 The cause of the derailing of the 
carriages. 1891 Z7imes 26 Sept. Fie The telegraph pole 
having been broken down. .by the derailed carriages, 

Derailment (diré''Imént). [ad. mod.F. dérail- 
lement (cited by Bescherelle 1845, from F. Tour- 
neaux 1841), f. dérailler: see prec. Introduced 
from French ¢ 1850 : at first chiefly used in U.S.] 
Said of a railway train, etc.: The fact of leaving 
or being thrown off the rails. 

18g0 LARDNER Railway Economy 326 In most cases of 
derailment*, it is the engine which escapes from the rails. 
[Foot-note*, 1 have adopted this word from the French: 
it expresses an effect .. for which we have not yet had any 
term in our railway nomenclature. By déraillement is 
meant the escape of the wheels of the engine or carriage froin 
the rails.] 1864 Wester, Dervailment, the state of being 
off the rails of a railway, as a locomotive. Lardner. 1880 
Times 20 Jan, (Swiss Railways), The number of accidents 
+.was 177, of which 55 are classed as derailments, 55 as 
collisions. 1880 St. Fames’s Gaz. 17 Aug. 12, I do not now 
refer to the influence of speed in producing a derailment. 

+ Derain, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dr- I. 1+ Raty z.] 
intr. To rain down, fall as rain. 

c1563 Cavenvisu Metr. Visions, Ld. Seymour, in Life 
Wolsey (1825) 11, 109 When I the teares shold se from hir 
face derayn. A 

Derain(e, variants of DERAIGN v. Obs. 

Derange (déré'ndz), v. [(18th c.) a, mod.F. 
déranger, in Cotgr. (1611) desranger ‘to disranke, 
disarray, disorder’, in OF. desrengier, f. des-, dé-, 
L. dis-+renc, reng, mod.F. rang Rank, order. 
Not in Johnson ; considered by him as French :— 

‘It is not easy to guess how Dr. Warburton missed this 
opportunity of inserting a French word, by reading,—and 
the wide arch Of derang’d empire fall !—Axt. § CZ. 1.i, 
which, if deranged were an English word, would be pre- 
ferable both to ruined and ranged’. Shaks. 1765 VUI. 107.] 

1. trans. To disturb or destroy the arrangement 
or order of; to throw into confusion ; to disarrange. 

1 Rosertson Hist, Amér, (1778) Il. vt. 173 Lest the 
order of the procession should be deranged, he moved so 
slowly, that the Spaniards became impatient. 1793 CRAuFURD 
in Ld. Aucklana’s Corr. III. 111 The approach of an army 
would. .probably derange what has been decreed in regard 
to the Vendée. 1836 Maccitiivray tr. Husmboldt’s Trav. 
ii. 31 A country recently deranged by volcanic action. 1848 


DERAY. 


Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 531 This letter deranged all the 
projects of James, 1889 Sfectator 12 Oct., If a dancing- 
girl deranges her dress too much. 

b. ‘To remove from place or office, as the 
personal staff of a principal military officer’ 
(Webster 1828). Ods. 

1796 Morse Amer, Geog. I. 244 The officers who have 
been deranged by the several resolutions of Congress, upon 
the different reforms of the army. 

2. To disturb the normal state, working, or func- 
tions of; to put into a disordered condition; to 
cause to act abnormally. 

Sg Apa Situ W, N, 1. vii. (1868) II. 214 Both these 
kinds of monopolies derange more or less the natural dis- 
tribution of the stock of the society ; but they do not always 
derange it inthe same way. 1789 Mitts in PAil, Trans. 
LXXX. 89 The hill Knock Renestle is a magnetic mass 
of rock, which considerably deranges the compass. 1804 
ABERNETHY S77g. Vbs. 130 His constitution was so deranged 
by the irritation of the sore. 1862 Sir B. Bropie /’sychod, 
Inq. 11. ii. 39 Habits .. which tend in any degree to de- 
range the animal functions, should be scrupulously avoided. 

3. To disorder the mind or brain of ; to unsettle 
the reason of. 

1825 SoutHEy Tale of Paraguay 1. 60 The trouble which 
our youth was thought to bear With such indifference 
hath deranged his head. 1855 Macauray //ist. Eng. IV. 
532 Minds d@ranged by sorrow. 

4. To disturb, interrupt. 

1848 /raser's Mag. XX XVIII. 273, I ventured to derange 
your leisure. 1882 Stevenson New Arad. Nis. 251, 1 am 
sorry to have deranged you for so small a matter. 

Hence Deranging vé/. sb. and ffl. a. 

1795 Femina II. 30 Her share in this deranging incident. 
1870 Daily News 5 Oct., All kinds of deranging influences 
are at work. 

Derangeable (diréi:ndzab'l), a. 
-ABLE.] Liable to derangement. 

1843 Syp. Smitu Left, (D.), The real impediment..is 
that derangeable health which belongs to old age. 

Deranged (diréi:ndzd), ppl. a. [f. DERANGE v.] 

1. Put out of order; disordered, disarranged. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 246 Measures..to recover 
them [commercial affairs] from their deranged situation. 
1809-10 CoLeRIDGE Friend (1865) 84 A deranged state of 
the digestive organs. 1875 LyeL. Princ. Geol. 1.1, vii. 125 
The deranged and the horizontal formations. 

2. Disordered in mind ; insane. 

¢1790 Wittock Moy. 319 When I came to mention .. they 
imagined I was still deranged, as there was no such place, 
as I described. 1856 J. H. Newman Cad/ista xii. 140 The 
few persons whom he met. . thought him furious or deranged. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 465 A man who is deranged 
and not right in his mind. 

Derangement (diréi‘ndgmént).  [a. mod.F, 
dérangement (1671 in Hatzf.), f. déranger: see 
DERANGE and -MENT.] 

1. Disturbance of order or arrangement; dis- 
arrangement, displacement. 

1780 ‘I. JEFFERSON Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 276 A strange 
derangement, indeed, our riders have got into; to be nine 
days coming from Hillsborough. 1854 StocquELEr Handbk. 
Brit, India 417 They could not be incorporated in their 
proper places without a very extensive reprint and a de- 
rangement of the entire work. 1875 LyeLL Princ. Geol. 
I. 1. vii. 116 Time must multiply the derangement of strata, 
in the ratio of antiquity. 

2. Disturbance of normal or regular order or 
working; the condition of being out of order ; 
disorder ; disorganization. 

1737 BERKELEY Querist § 457 Whether this folly may not 
produce..an entire derangement of domestic life..a general 
corruption in both sexes? 1766 Cuesterr. Lett, ccexcviii. 
(1792) IV. 231 It is a total dislocation and dérangement. 
1805 W. Saunpers Min. Waters 502 Without any con- 
siderable derangement in the digestive organs, 1856 FroupE 
Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 146 The derangement of the woollen 
trade. .was causing distress all over the country. 

3. Disturbance of the functions of the mind; 
mental disorder ; insanity. 

1800 Act 39-40 Geo. IIT, c. 94 § 3 (Jod.) Apprehended 
under circumstances, that denote a derangement of mind. 
1812 G. D. Cottinson Law conc. Idiots I. 1. iv. (Jod.), 
Many actions bear too marked a character of illusion, of 
derangement, of alienation of mind, that a man in his senses 
could not by any possibility commit them. 1825 SouTHEY 
Tale of Paraguay w. 66 Mark of passion there was none; 
None of derangement. 1874 Maups.ey Resfons. in Ment. 
Dis. vii. 233 Supplying the interpretation of the previously 
obscure attacks of recurrent derangement. 

+ Dera‘sion. Oéds. rare—'.  [n. of action from 
L, déradére to shave off.] A scraping or shaying off. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 1. 79 The derasion made 
at the foresaid time is sufficient. 

Deray (dirzi-), sb. arch. Also 4 derai, 4-5 
derray(e, dray, 5 derei; 8. 4-5 desray(e. See 
also Disray. [a. OF. desrez, desrai, later desrot, 
derei, derat, derot, f. tonic stem of desreer: see 
Deray v., also ARRAY v., DISARRAY. ] 

+1. Disorder, disturbance, tumult, confusion. 
To make deray: to create a disturbance, act vio- 
lently and noisily. Ods. (or arch.). 

c1300 K, Adis. 1177 He tok Alisaundre this deray, For to 
amende gef he may. c1320 Sir Tristr. 3165 On canados 
sche gan crie And made gret deray. ¢1420 Anturs of Arth. 
xl, Querto draues thou so dre3ghe, and mace suche deray? 
¢1470 Henry Wadlace vi. 239 The schirreff cryt: Quha 
makis that gret deray? 1513 Douctas nels vil. x. 77 
Turnus was by, and amyd this deray, This hait fury of 
slauchtyr, and fell afray. 99* 


[f. prec. + 


DERAY. 


Fragm. Alexander, in Rouland & V. (18 
p. xxiii, men might reuthe y-sen M a mi 
gredeing. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 239 Wherof they maad 
grete noyse and desraye. __ " 

+b. Impetuosity ; display of vigour or geri 

c1300 K. Alis, 2721 Sone he say A yong knyght, also of 

gret deray..Ageyns him he neth to ride, ¢ 1325 Coer 
de L. 502 The aventerous with gret deray So to our 
knyght he droff, Hys schelde in twoo peses roff. 

¢e. Disarray, confusion, modern archaism. 

1831 Hoe in Fraser's Mag. 1V. 425 Whose beauty, form, 
and manners bland, Have ies, deray through all the 
land. 1850 Brackie 42 schy/us 11. 196 Him struck dismay 
In wild deray. 1872 — Lays Hight. 82 They rove the vest, 
and in deray They flung her on the floor. 

+2. Disorderly action towards any one ; violence, 
injury, insolent ill-treatment. Zo do or make deray 
to: to do violence to; to disturb, molest. Oéds. 

@1300 Cursor M. 23346 (Cott.) If pai suld for feluns 
prai, It war gain godd and gret derai. ¢1340 /bid. 15568 
(Trin.) Pou sal se hem 3itt to ny3t do me greet deray. 1375 
Barsour Bruce xv. 438 Lordyngis, it war my will Till 
end of the gret deray That dowglass makis vs ilk day. 
ans York Myst. xxvii. 121 Peter I have prayed for the 
So that thou schall no3t drede his dray. ¢1450 Guy Warw. 
(C.) 4336 Who hath done pe all pys deraye. 1480 Caxton 
Ovid's Met. xu. xix, Achylles was full of desraye and 
inyquyte, and drewe the y of Hector by grete woodenes. 
2a1550 Freiris of Berwik 536 In thy depairting se thow 
mak no deray Vnto no wicht, bot frely pass thy way. 

3. Disorderly mirth and revelry as in a dance or 
similar festivity. Chiefly in the alliterative phrase 
dancing and deray. arch. 

1500-20 Dunpar Poems Ixxviii. 14 For din, nor danceing, 
nor deray, It will nocht walkin me no wise. 1513 DouGLas 
Eneis 1. xi. heading, Off the bancat, and of the greit deray, 
And how Cupide inflambes the lady gay. a1550 Christis 
Kirke Gr. i, Wes nevir in Scotland hard nor sene Sic 
dansing nor deray. 1807 J. StacG Poems 65 Wi’ lowpin’, 
dancin’ and deray. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet Let. xi, There 
was .. dancing and deray within. 1837 Cartyie 7. Rev. 
I. 11. 1. xii, So have we seen fond weddings. .celebrated with 
an outburst of triumph and deray, at which the elderly 
shook their heads. 1892 Daily News 2 Dec. 5/2 The 
dancing and deray were so public that all classes had their 
share of the fun. 

9] 4. exron. for ARRAY. 

1538 Aberdeen Reg. V. 16(Jam.) To be in thair best deray 
ilk persone. 

+ Deray (diré'-), v. Obs. Also dray. [a. OF. 
desreer, -reier, -rayer, later desroier, derroyer, de- 
rayer, = Pr, desreiar, It. disredare:—Rom. type 
*des-redare, f.L. Dis- + -rédare, f. *rado preparation, 
order: see ARRAY. (The atonic stem in OF. was 
desre-, the tonic desrei-, -rai-, -rot-, which was 
afterwards extended to the inf. and other atonic 
forms.)] ref, and intr, To act or behave in a dis- 
orderly manner ; to_rage. 

1340-70 Alisaunder 883 Nectanabus ,. graithes him sone 
Deraide as a dragoun dreedful in fight. c 1350 Will. Palerne 
1210 Pus despitusly pe duk areyet him panne. /did. 2061 
He deraied him as a deuel. 

4] Used for Derarcn v.' 
with infin. deraye(n.] 

¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3915 Finde a Sarrazin oper a — ; 
& he schal anoper finde, Pat schal deray[ne] his ri3t kinde. 
1325 Coer de L. 5456 Wylt thou graunt with spere and 
scheeld Deraye the ryght in the feelde. 

Derayn(e, variants of DERAIGN v. Obs. 

Derb, a. rare. ? nonce-wd. [a. Ger. derd com- 
pact, solid, rough.] Rough, uncrystallized, massive. 

182s CoLeripcE Aids Refi, 329 If..1 oppose transparent 
y (bora Alumen to opake derb (uxchrystallized) 

lumen. 

Derby (da-sbi, d51bi). The name of a town 
(in OF. named by the Northmen Déorady, Déorby) 
and shire of England, and of an earldom named 
from the shire or county. See also DarBy, Hence 

1. Proper name of the most noted annual horse- 
race in England, founded in 1780 by the twelfth 
Earl of Derby, and run at the Epsom races, usually 
on the Wednesday before, or the second Wednesda 
after, Whitsunday (the actual date being fixed eac’ 
year in connexion with those of the Newmarket 
and Ascot meetings, by the Jockey Club). 

W. H. ig: proebang Seid —— Scotl. xxxix. (1855) 

35 hat care I about or Derbys? 1848 Disragti in 

's Mag. Aug. Wg 340/2 ‘You do not know what 

the Derby is’. ‘Yes I do, It is the Blue Ribbon of the 

Turf’. 1871 M. Cottins Mrg. § Merch. U1. vi. 161, 1 had 

been to the Derby. | fs 

b. Hence attrib, and in comb.,as Derby day, 

the day on which the ‘ Derby’ is run ; Derby dog, 

the proverbial dog on the race-course, after this 

has been otherwise cleared; hence a//usively, some- 
thing sure to turn up or come in the way. 

1862 7imes 6 June, It was a real ar gathering, and, if 
possible, a Derby gathering rated with all its queer 
mélange of high and low. 1871 M. Cottis Mrg. §& Merch. 
I. vi. 190 On a Derby Day the hill at Epsom is thronged 
with them, 1885 7i#es 4 June 10/2 The reputation which 
invariably attaches to a Derby winner. 

¢@. transf. Of similar important races in other 
countries, as Zhe French Derby. 

1890 Whitaker's Alm, 584/1 The winner of the French 
Derby. ee ene '3 The * Snowshoe 
Derby’ place on Sunday and yesterday at Holmen- 
kollen near Christiania, 


B. as. 


[Confusion of derayne 


1802 Beppors //ygéia vi. 67 The water of melted snéw has 
been held by many authors to be the cause of the broncho- 
cele or Derbyshire neck. 1836 Sir G. Heap Home Tour 
117 The malady. .called the ‘ Derbyshire neck ’—an endemic 
protuberance in the throat, or goitre. 1878 T. Bryant Pract, 
Surg. 1, 191 Goitre, or Derbyshire neck, is very common, 

2. Derbyshire spar, + drop: fluor-spar. 

1772 Gitrin Lakes Cumberland (1788) II. ax7 It..is 
known in London by the name of the Derbyshire drop. But 
on the spot it is called Blue John. ge Cronstedt's Min. 
26 Pieces of Derbyshire spar, through which the light of 
a candle formed many images. 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's 
Circ. Sc. Chem. 64 Derbyshire spar (fluoride of calcium). 

Derche, obs. form of DirceE. 

+ Der-doving, f//.a. Obs. rare—'. A pseudo- 
archaism of Spenser, app. from dare-do taken as a 
compound verb, with pple. in -1NG (cf. DERRING-DO) 
taken in the sense ‘ Doing daring deeds’. 

Dere-doing as a legitimate combination would mean ‘ harm- 
doing, mischief-working ’. 

1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. vii. 10 Me ill befits, that in derdoing 
armes And honours suit my vowed daies do spend, Unto thy 
bounteous baytes .. to attend. 

+ Dere, s+. Os. Forms: 3-6 dere, 4-5 der, 
5 (darr), deire, derre, deerre, 5-6 deere, 5-7 
Sc. deir, 6 deare, 7 dial, dare. [f. DERE v.: 
perhaps a continuation of OE. daru (whence ME. 
darr) with the vowel assimilated to the vb.: cf. MDu. 
dere, in Kilian dere, deyre ‘nocumentum, offensa, 
noxa’, See next.] Harm, hurt, injury, mischief, 
esp. in phr. to do (a person) dere. 

¢ 1250 Gen. & Ex. 3214 Pharaon bannede vt his here, Israel 
he dhozte to don dere. cr R. Brunne Chron, Wace 
(Rolls) 8904 Now may 3¢ lyghtly bere pe stones to schip 
wypbouten dere. 14.. Grene Ant. gor in Sir Gawayne 
| oapcomgs ne Club) App. 237 If itt be poynt of any warr, 
There shall noe man doe you noe darr, ¢1460 7owneley 
Myst. (Surtees) 149 Wylle ye do any dere to my chyld and 
me? ¢1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) 1. 192, I shall the socor in 
euery dere. c1570 Pride & Lowl. (1841) 13 Many a vice .. 
Which do, and have done this land mickle deere. 1603 
Philotus \xxiii, 3ow mon first to me sweir, That 3e to me 
salldonadeir. 1674 Ray NV. C. Words 13 Dare, harm or 
pain .. It does me no dare, i.e. no harm, 

+ Dere, v. Obs. Forms: 1 derian, 2-4 derie(n, 
(4 deri, derye), 2-3 deren, 3-6 dere, 4-5 der, 
(4-7 deere, 5 deire, dayre, 5-6 deyre, 6 dear(e, 
Sc. deir, 6-7 dare). [OE. derian, derigan = OF ris. 
dera, OS. derian, MDu. déren (daren), Du. deren, 
OHG. terjan, teren, MHG. tern :—W Ger. *darjan, 
f. WGer. *dara str. fem., OHG. éara, OE. daru, 
hurt, harm, injury, damage.] 

1. ¢rans. To hurt, harm, injure. 

In OE. intrans. with dative, ‘to do harm fo’, 

888 K. AEcrrep Soeth, vii. § 3 Pat him da stormas derian 
ne mahan, c117§ Lamb, Hom. 13 Ne bet eou scal derien 
nouder here ne hunger. cx200 7rin, Coll. Hom, 79 
Flesliche lustes pe deried ure sowle. ¢1300 Havelok 574 
Leoun or wif .. Or oper best, bat wolde him dere, 1380 Lay 
Folks’ Catech, (Lamb. MS.) 831 Fals wytnesse* bow noon 


beere ney3bore wyttyngly to dere. ¢ Henry 
Wallace 1x. 164 He gert him suer Fra that da: th he suld 
him neuir der. ¢1gxo Barctay Mirr. Gd, Manners (1570) 


D iv, Who is without trespasse, what can him hurt or dere, 
1573 Tusser //us. ii, (1878) 8 Great charge so long did dare 
me, ¢1611 Criarman //iad x1. 406 The wound did dare him 
sore. aay 7, Ports Disc. Witches (1845) K ij a, The stick 
nor the stake shall never deere thee. 
b. abésol. To do harm, ‘hurt’. 

@ 1100 O.E, Chron, an, 1032 germ, wildefyr] de- 
rode eac on manegum stowum, one 
(Cott.) Pat nathing mai cum in 9 
And of Achilles for his queinte spere, For he 


dere, ¢x400 Maunpev. (Roxb,) iii. 9 mie -ilk ane abouen 
pe to see be iustyng, so pat nane schall dere ober, ne lett 
oper to see. ¢ estr, Troy 135. 


Now me bus, as a 
beggar, my bi for to thi At doris vpon da that 
da: me full sore. 148 ww Reynard xxxix. (Arb.) 
106 That dered hym so moche that he wyste not what to 


saye .. he was so angry in his herte. hip Seiten let 
Suffolk x, When we (envoys) shewed wherein eche other 

, We sought out meanes al quarels to haue clered. 1674 
Ray S. § £. C. Words 64 /t dares me, it pains or grieves me, 


9 JER. LA’ 3 ip. S The alieetion: 
. these a and Bupa, fey tek | 
mothers. 1 UTTRELL Brief Rel. (1857) 1V. 
before the cones of the exchequer .. pe ods dereli ha 
left by the sea in Yorkshire. 1848 Hattam Mid. Ages i. 
Notes iii. (1855) I. 106 Gaul, like Britain .. had become 
almost a sort of derelict possession, to be seized by the occu- 
nt. 1888 7imes 21 Aug. 9/3 Massowah, which, having 
n abandoned and left derelict by Egypt .. was seized by 
Italy as a res nudlius. 
Se. 1774 Burke Amer. Tax. Wks. (1842) I. 171 The: 
easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, 
and derelict minds of his friends. 

2. Guilty of dereliction of duty; unfaithful, de- 
linquent (U.S.). Hence Derelictness. 

1864 Daily Tel. 13 Sept., Probably you will think that 
United States Commissioner Newton was very ‘ derelict’ in 
his duty. 1888 7he Voice (N.Y.) 4 Oct., The derelictness 
of many officials in Kansas, 

B. sb. 

1. A piece of property abandoned by the owner 
or guardian ; esp. a vessel abandoned at sea. 

1670 Lond. Gaz. No. 534/1 A small Virginia ship laden 
with Tobacco, which they seised as a Derelict, pretending 
the men had forsaken the ship. 1 x Cuampers Cyci., 
Derelicts, in the civil law, are such goods as are wilfully 
thrown away, or relinquished by the owner. 1838 De 
Quincey Mod. Greece s. XIV. 320 Often .. plague .. 
would absolutely depopulate a region .. In such cases, mere 
strangers would oftentimes enter upon the lands as a dere- 
lict. 1877 W. Tuomson Cruise Challenger iv. 61 On the 
morning of March 23rd we steamed in search of the derelict, 

b. A person abandoned or forsaken. 

1728 Savace Bastard Pref., 1 was a Derelict from my 
cradle, 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-cap 258 To try con- 
clusions with my help! —To on, me, 
your derelict, Helped by advantage that b lends? 
2. One guilty of dereliction of duty (U.S.), Cf. 
yet 

1888 The Voice (N.Y.) 3 Jan., The Republicans renomi- 
nated and triumphantly re-elected the derelicts, f 

Dereli‘ct, v. rare. [f. L. dérelict-, ppl. stem 
of dérelinguére; see prec. 

+1. trans. To abandon, forsake. Ods. 

1622 Donne Serm. Yohn xi. 35 Friends .. must not be 
derelicted, abandoned to themselves. 1691 T. H{ae] Acc, 
New Invent. \xxiii, Grants .. of Lands derelicted. 

2. fig. To fail to keep or observe ; to fall short 
of. nonce-use. 

188r Macrarren Counterp, te E can only be 
understood by students who are oroughly conversant with 
the rules they [the exceptions] derelict. 

ion (der/likfon). [ad. L. déreliction- 
em, n. of action from dérelii : see DERELICT. 
Cf. obs. F. (16th c.) dereliction (Godef.).] 

1, The action of leaving or forsaking (with in- 
tention not to resume) ; abandonment. (Now rare 
exc. in legal use.) 

a 1612 Donne Bea@avaros (1644) 123 The next species of 
Homicide .. is Permission, which when it is toward our- 
selves, is by the schoolemen usually called Desertion, or 
Dereliction, 1649 JER. Tayitor Gt. Exemp. 1. viii. P 5 Re. 
P and d ion of sins. 1782 Gisnon Decl. & ¥, 
xxxvi. (1836) 586 This wise dereliction of ey vexatious, 
and unprofitable claims. 188 Jas. Mitt Brit. Jndia II. v. 
iv. 442 He a i 


, if not a dereliction, at any rate a 
P the desig Bryce Holy 

xi. (ed. 5) 176 Imposts.. by 

obsolete. 


Rom, Emp. 

dereliction ech 

b. The condition of being forsaken or aban- 
doned. Now rare. 

31597 Hooker Eccl. Pol, y. xvii. § 2 Dereliction in this 
wari and in the world to come confusion. — Brooks 
Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 98 That Jesus Christ suffer 
dereliction of God really ; that he was indeed deserted and 
forsaken of God. 1771 Yunius Lett. \xvii. 330 The 
baronet has no friends .. you are not reduced to so S 
able a state of dereliction, 31807 Vancouver Agric, 

1813) 85 These — whether mr 
rom the caprice or folly of their owners, 

ec. fig. The ‘abandonment’ or leaving dry of 
land by the sea; concr. the land thus left dry. 

1767 thacanete Chak IL. 261 See newly comnied... 
by the alluvion or dereliction of the sea, : 

‘usb, Bengal (1806) 8 Land which has been gained 
pe Roles es sare. s Sie on 4 
x orfoll gained largely on eastern 
dereliction of the sea, | d ‘ 


tones ert 2 


DERELINQUISH. 


2. In modern use implying a morally wrong or 
reprehensible abandonment or neglect; chiefly in 
the phr. dereliction of duty. ~ 

1778 Burke Corr. (1844) Il. 217 A dereliction of every 
opinion and principle that I have held. 1836 J. Girpert 
Chr. Atonem. iv. (1852) 90 He will not accept of compli- 
ments paid to his power at the expense of a dereliction of 
his royal claims, 1840 H. Ainswortu Jower of London 
viii, They would be answerable with their lives for an 
further dereliction of duty, 1860 Pusey Winx. Proph. Mal. 
ii. 11, Idolatry, the central dereliction of God. 1892 Lp. 
Esuer in Law Times Rep. UXVII. 211/2 The plaintiffs 
have been guilty of a dereliction of duty, but for which the 
sewage matter would not flow into the stream. 

b. Hence aédso/, Failure in duty, delinquency. 

1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. 11 In this case it was 
moral dereliction which gave to ridicule a weight and power 
not necessarily .. belonging to it. 184z Emerson Lect, 
Man the Reformer Wks. (Bohn) II. 236 The employments 
of commerce .. are .. vitiated by derelictions and abuses at 
which all connive. 188 S. H. Hopcson Outcast Ess. 396 
What ! on thy guiltless children wilt thou call Lightly the 
curse of such a dereliction? 1882 HinspaLe Garfield & 
Educ, 1. 396 Each pupil felt .. that he owed her a personal 
apology for any dereliction or failure on his part. 

+3. Failure, cessation ; esp. sudden failure of the 
bodily or mental powers, fainting. Ods. 

1647 H. More Song'of Soud m1. App. Ixxix, Of brasen sleep 
and bodi’s derelictions. — 1749 Be. Lavincron Exthus. 
Methodists (1820) 23 Derelictions, terrors, despairings. 1794 
G. Apams Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 1V. xl. gt The word eclipse 
en ee dereliction, a fainting away, or swooning. 1797 
E. M. Lomax Philanthropfe 169 All at once, by some un- 
fortunate dereliction of mind, he made a full stop. 

+b. Failure, defect, shortcoming. Ods. 

r8or Fusevt in Lect. Paint. ii. (Bohn 1848) 383 Michel- 
angelo .. no doubt had his moments of dereliction. 1807 
Opte 7bid. i. 265 Michelangelo had derelictions and defi- 
ciencies too great to be overlooked. 

Dereligionize, -ing: see De- II. 1. 
Dereling, -yng, obs. forms of Darina. 

+ Derelisnque, v. Obs. rare—°. =next. 

1623 CockEram, Derelingue, to leaue. 

a Derelinquish (dirflinkwif), v. Obs.  [f. 
RELINQUISH, after L. dérelingucre: see DERELICT. 
Cf. OF. derelainguir in same sense (Godef.).] 
trans. To relinquish utterly, forsake, abandon. 

@ 1612 Donne Braéavaros (1644) 106 That it were deadly 
sinne in him to de-relinquish the Church. 1679 J. Smitu 
Narrat. Pop. Plot Ded. B, That you will not .. both desert 
your Self, and de-relinquish the care of three Kingdoms. 
1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 81 ‘This vast continental depression, 
whose derelinquished space was occupied by water. 

Derene, -renne, -reyne, variants of DERAIGN 
v. Obs., to prove, etc. 

+Dere're, adv. Obs. [a. OF. deriere, now 
derriére, behind = Pr. dereire, It. dietro, drieto:— 
late pop. L. de-vetro ‘from backwards’.] Behind. 

1386 Cuaucer Reeve's 7. 181 (Harl.) This seely clerkes 
ronnen vp and doun, Wib keep, keep, stand, stand, Iossa, 
ware derere, Ga wightly pou and I sal keep him heere. 

+ Derf, sd. Ods. [app. shortened from -OE. 
gedeorf labour, trouble, tribulation, f. deorfan 
to labour: see Derrve.] Trouble, tribulation, 
hurt. 

[cxo0o Exrric Colloguy » 16 Hig, hiz, micel gedeorf ys 
hit !]_ c1zog Lay. 10943 Nas na man ..pzt dursten him derf 
makien. @1225 Ancr, R, 80 Strong uorte drien derf ine 
Godes seruise. /éid. 106 Heo wolde pet derf puldeliche 
Lawes Ibid. 180 Sicnesse, meseise .. and euerich licom- 
liche derf pet eileb be vlesche. cx230 Wali Meid. 17 Abeore 
blideliche be derf pat tu drehest. 

+ Derf, «. (adv.) Obs. Forms: 3 (Orm.) derrf, 
deorrf, 3-4 derue, 3-6 derf, 4-5 derff, 4-6 derfe, 
5-6 derffe, darf(e, 6dearfe. [app.a.ON. djarfr 
(:—derfa-2) bold, daring, audacious, impudent : cf. 
OSw. diarver, dixrver, Sw. djerf, Da. dixrv; 
cognate with OS. derdi, OF ris. devfe ; not recorded 
in OE. where the forms would be deor/, dierfe ; cf. 
deorrfltke in Ormin.] 

1. Bold, daring, courageous, brave. 

¢ 1200 OrMIN eb He [Nicodemus] nass nohht derrf inoh 
all opennli3 to sekenn be Laferrd Crist. /did. 19598 Wibb 
derrf & openn spzche. 1375 Barsour Brace xvii. 307 The 
frer..wes derrf, stout, and ek hardy. cx400 Destr. Troy 
12800 His derf knightes. 1513 Douctas neis 1x. ix. 22 
‘Turnus the priffce, at was baith darf and bald. 

b. In a bad sense: Bold, audacious, daringly 
wicked. 

a1300 Cursor M. 12936 (Cott.) Pat derf o ded, pat fals 
traitur. /dfd. 27749 (Cott.) Wreth .. wentes man fra goddis 
will and mas him derf to dedis ill. ? a@1400 Morte Arth. 
3779 Thow salle be dede and undone for thy derfe dedys. 
c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 305 Fulle darfe has been 
oure deede for-thi commen is our care. 1570 Levins JZanif. 
31 _Darfe, stubborn, fertinax, obduratus, 

2. Strong, sturdy, stout. 

c 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 1233 Pe dor drawen, & dit with 
aderf haspe. ?@ 1400 A/orte Arth. 312 No more dowte the 
dynte of theire derfe wapyns. c1450 Henryson Mor. Fad, 
78 His darf oxen I compt them not a flee, 

b. Vigorous, forcible, violent. 

1440 York Myst. xlvi. 17 That drewe all tho domesmen 
derffe indignacioun. c1450 Golagros § Gaw. 359 Delis thair 
full doughtely mony derf dynt. 16.. Earl Westmorland 
2g9r in Furniv. Percy Folio 1. 311 Blowes that were both derfe 
and dire. ; : 

3. Painful, grievous; terrible, dreadful; cruel. 
a Leg. Kath. 565 Ich hire wule don to be derueste 

c1325 £. £, Allit. P. B, 862 Dotz away your derf 


227 


dyn & derez neuer my gestes. ¢c1470 Henry MWadlace vu. 
217 Mony..Off Wallace part, thai putt to that derff deid. 
b. Troublesome, hard, difficult. 

ai225 Leg. Kath. 948 For nis him no derure for to ad- 
weschen feole ben fewe. c1230 Hali Meid. 19 His reades. . 
derue beod to fullen. 1535 Stewarr Cron. Scot. LL. 294 
‘The darfast way. .Tha rid the gait without rangat till go. 

B. as adv. Grievously, terribly. 

1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 23 Slic wordes said Crist of thir 
wers That folc in werd ful derf deres. 

Derfde, pa. t. of DervE v. Obs. 

+ Derfful, z. Ols. In 4 derful, 6 darfful. 
(?f. Derr sé. + -ruL.] ?Troublous, hurtful; or 
=Derra. Hence De'rffully adv. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M, 22544 (Edin.) Wod and wal al doun sal 
draw of demster pat derful aw. [Other ASS. dredful.] 1535 
Srewart Cron. Scot. 2338 The dartis flew lyke fyre out of 
the flint Darffuland dour. — a122g Leg. Kath. 1090 Deien 
se derfliche [oxe A7S. derffulliche]. 

+ Derfly, a. Obs. [?f. Derra.+-Ly1; cf. ON. 
Garfligr bold, daring.] Grievous, terrible, dread- 
ful; =DeErF a. 3. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 1143 (Cott.) pi derfli dede has liknes nan. 
[bid. 7182 To derfly ded bai suld him bring. 

+ Derfly, adv. Obs. Forms: see Derra. [f. 
DerF a.+-ty2. Cf. ON. darfliga boldly.] 

1. Boldly; fiercely. 

¢ 1200 ORMIN 9752 Forrpi toc hem Sannt Iohann Deorrf- 
like to begrippen. c1220 Bestiary 411 For to winnen fode 
derflike widuten dred. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 2334 How 
pat do3ty dredles deruely per stondez. @ 1400-50 4 lexvander 
2942 Pan has ser Dary dedeyne, & derfely [Duddin MS. 
darfly] he lokes. 

2. Forcibly, violently. 

¢1200 OrMIN 16195 Patt tuss derrfliche drifesst alle pis 
follc ut off piss minstre. ¢ 1340 Cursor A, 19712 \Edin.) pai 
toke pair rede derueli [v.7. derfli] do him to pe dede._ ¢ 1400 
Melayne 1033 So darfely bothe thaire dynttis thay driste. 
1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. 1. 41 Eolus .. In Yrland cost rycht 
darflie did thame dryve. a 1605 Potwart Flyting w. Mont- 

gomerie 542 To dreadfull dolour dearfly or 3e dryue him. 
Quickly, promptly. 

c1325 £. FE. Addit. P. B. 1641 Derfly penne Danyel deles 
pyse wordes. a 1400-50 Alexander 3006 Derfly on be tobir 
day a douth he assembles. c1475 Rauf Coil3ear 798 
To the Montane he maid him full boun. . Derflie ouir Daillis. 

3. Grievously, terribly. 

ax225 Ancr. R.114 Pus was Iesu Crist..in alle his fif 
wittes derfliche ipined. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3278 And 
there-fore derflyche I am dampnede for ever ! 

+ Derfness. Ods. [f. Drnr a. +-NESS. Sense 1 
Shee to be related to Derr sé.] 

.. Trouble, hardship ; = Derr sd. 

1175 Lamb. Hom. 21 Pes pu hefdest mare deruenesse 
on pisse liue of pine licome, pes pu scoldest hersumian be 
bet pine leofe drihten. —@ 1300 Cursor AL. 3996 (Cott.) Man 
pat pou will help in nede Thar him neuer na derfnes drede. 

2. Boldness, audacity. 

cx400 Destr. Troy 5110 He, bat warpes thies wordes in 
his wild foly, Shuld degh, for his derfenes. 

+Derfship. 0¢s. [f. Derr a. +-suip.] Auda- 
city. 

a 1225 Leg. Kath, 978 pis is nu pe derfschipe of pi dusi 
onsware and te deopnesse. 

Dergie, obs. form of D1rGE. 

Deric (de'rik), a Biol. [mod. f. Gr. dépos skin 
+-1¢.] Pertaining to, or constituting, the skin or 
outer integument of the body. 

1878 Bett Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 36 The outer ger- 
minal, layer (deric layer or ectoderm) forms the outer limit- 
ing layer of the body. 

erick, var. spelling of DERRICK. 

Deridable (dirai-dab’l), a. [f. Deripr v. + 
-ABLE.] - That may be derided or ridiculed. 

1804 Jerrrey Le¢. in Ld. Cockburn 27% II. xliv, You.. 
have yet to learn that everything has a respectable, and 
a deridable aspect. | 

Deride (diraid), v.  [ad. L. dzride-re to laugh 
to scorn, scoff at, f. De- I. 4 + L. videre to laugh. 
Cf. OF. derive and rare derider (Godef.).] 

1. ¢vans. To laugh at in contempt or scorn; to 
laugh to scorn: to make sport of, mock. 

1530 [see DertpinG below]. 1545 Jove Zp. Dan. iii. 44 
In al tymes haue the tyrants derided the godly while they 
paciently waited for Godshelpe. 1581 Perrin Guazzo’s Civ. 
Conv. 1. (1586) 30 b, Mockers and flouters, whg .. deride 
everie man. 1611 Bise Le xxiii. 33 And the rulers also.. 
derided him. 162x Burton Anat. Mel. m1, iv. 1. i. (1652) 
63 I knowe not whether they are more to be pitied or de- 
rided. 1667 Mitton P. L. x1. 817 Of them derided, but of 
God observ’d The one just Man alive. 1763 J. Brown 
Poetry §& Mus. v.75 A ipe (an Instrument which an 
Englishman derides', 178 Gispon Deci. § II. xxviii. 99 
He justly derides the absurd reverence for antiquity. 1853 
J. H. Newman /ist, Sk. (1873) II. 1. vii. 272 Doctrines 
which, as an orator, he does not scruple to deride. 

+2. intr. To laugh contemptuously or scornfully. 

1619 H. Hutton Follies Anat. (Percy Soc.) 43 The hang- 
man .. Began to scoffe, and thus deriding said. 1663 Woop 
Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 466 A club. .where many pretended 
witts would meet and deride at others. 1675 ‘'RAHERNE 
Chr. Ethics App. 562 When they deride at our profession. 

Hence Deri-ded ///. a., Deri'ding vd/. sb. and 
ppl.a.; Deri-der, one who derides, a mocker ; De- 
ri-‘dingly adv., in a deriding way, with derision. 

1530 Parser. 213/2 Deridyng, laughyng to skorne, derision. 
1543 Necess. Doctr. H iij, A dissembler or rather a deryder 
of penance. 1 Foxe A. § (2596) 635 (R-) In the 
same epistle [he] deridinglie commendeth them. 1594 
Hooker Zcc?. Pol, iv. i. § x Prophane and deriding adver- 


DERISORIOUS. 


saries. 1672 Life §& Death ¥. Alleine vi. (1837) 71 Derid- 
ing and menacing language. Temrce Ess. Heroic 
Virtue Wks. 1731 I. 221 Their decayed and derided Idolatry. 
1695 Woopwarb Nat, Hist. Earth u. (1723) 116 His indis- 
creet .. Derideing .. of his Father. 1792 Map. D’Arsiay 
Diary Jan.,‘ What do you mean by going home?’ cried she, 
somewhat deridingly. 1845 Lp. CampBett Chancellors (1857) 
IV. lxxiv. 8 He deridingly called the swan on his badge, 
‘a goose’, 1857 HuGues Vo Brown 1. iii. (1871) 63 [He] 
smote his young derider on the nose. 

+ Deri-dent, a. nonce-wd. Obs. [ad. L. déridént- 
emt, pr. pple. of L. déridére to DERIDE.] ? Deriding, 
or smiling. 

1609 Ev.. Woman in Hum. 1. i. in Bullen O. PZ. 1V. 308 
Bosse. Most sweete mistriss, most derydent starre. Acwt, 
Then most rydent starre faire falle ye. 

Derige, obs. form of Dirce. 

Dering: see under DERE v. 

Derisible (diri-zib’l), a. [f. L. type *dérisd- 
bilis, {. déris-, ppl. stem of déeridére: see -BLE. 
Cf. It. dertstbile ‘that may be derided’ (Florio 
1611).] To be derided; worthy of derision. 

1657 Tomiinson Renon’s Disp. 712 The Pharmacopolist 
et wants Sugar, is not so derisible, as he. 1885 STEVENSON 

ynamiter 45, 1 was his hopeless and derisible inferior. 

Derision (détizon). Also 5 dyrision, 6 dire- 
sioun. [a. F. dértston (13th c.), ad. L. dériston-em, 
n. of action from deridére to DERIDE.] 

1. The action of deriding or laughing to scorn; 
ridicule, mockery. 

a1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 191 Of thi wurdys I have 
skorne and derysone. c1470 Henry Wadlace vin. 646 It 
were but derysioun To croun him king but woice off the 
parlyment. 1484 Caxton Curiadl 4 ‘That sholde be a grete 
lesynge and worthy of derysion. 1590 Suaxs. J/7ds, N. 11. 
ii. 123 Scorne and derision neuer comes in teares, 1601 
? Marston Pasguil & Kath, 1. 244 Scourg’d with the whip 
of sharpe derision. 1624 De Lawns Du Moulin's Logick 
7o Sometimes names are given by contraries, and by way of 
derision, As, when a dwarfe is called a Goliah. 1777 Watson 
Philip [1 (1793) ULL. x1x. 16 She had regarded it rather as 
an object of derision than alarm. 1852 Conybeare & H. 
St. Paul (1862) I. iv. 118 The people of Antioch were noto- 
rious for inventing names of derision. 

b. with Z/. An instance of this, a deriding. 

1535 CovERDALE ¥er. xx. 10 For why I herde so many 
derisions and blasphemies. 1844 Mrs. Browninc Lady 
Geraldine’s Courtship xci, Out of reach of her derisions. 

ce. Phrases. Jr, + by, tfor, + to derision. 

©1477 Caxton Yason 17 And thus saide to him by derision. 
1494 FaByAN Chron. v1. cxcviii. 205 In dyrision and despyte 
of the Danys. 1514 Barctay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy 
Soc.) 25 ‘Than do they laughe us untoderysyon. 1526 Pz/gr. 
Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 205 His tytle for derysyon wryten 
and set ouer his heed. 1549 Compl. Scot. xx. 169 He vald 
laucht and scorn vs be grit derisione. 1655-60 STANLEY 
Hist. Philos. (1701) 77/1 Scarce able to write, which when 
upon any occasion he did, it was to derision. 1747 WESLEY 
Char. Methodist 11 Those who are in Derision so called. 
1847 De Quincey Sf. ALi. Nua vii. (1853) 144 derision of 
the gay colours. 5 ; 

d. Zo hold or have in derision: to treat with 
scorn and mockery. 70 de 72 derision: to be sub- 
jected to mocking ridicule, to be a laughing-stock ; 
so to bring into derision. 

(With “old, have the action is prominent, with de the con- 
dition of the derided.) 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clviii. 147 Bernulphus .. hadde 
this Egbert in derysyon. 1527 R. THorne in Hakluyt Loy. 
(1589) 258 Among wise men it should be had in derision. 
1535 CoveRDALE ¥ob xxx. 1 Now they that are .. yonger 
then I, haue me in derision. @1571 ‘THRoGMoRTON Let. fo 
Cecil in Froude //ist. Eng. (1881) VI. xxxix. 439 We begin 
to be in derision already for the bruit only. 162 T. ‘TayLor 
Comm. Titus ii. 8 He was in daily derision, euery one 
mocked him. 1770 Burke Pres. Discont. (R.), British policy 
is brought into derision. ae ; 

2. concr. An object of ridicule; a laughing-stock. 

1539 Bisre (Great) Ps. Ixxix. 4 We are become ..a very 
scorne and derysyon to them that are rounde aboute vs. 1612 
T. Taytor Comm. Titus ii. 8 His word was a reproach and 
derision to the profane. 1746 Hervey AZedit. (1818) 270 The 
venerable patriarch is the derision of scoundrels. 

+ Deri‘sionary, a. Ods. [See -ary.] Of the 
nature of derision, expressing derision, derisory. 

a 1704 T. Brown Lett. Dead to Living Wks. 1759 I. 215, 
All hell applauds you mightily for. .that derisionary festival, 
which you keep. 

Derisive (dirai'siv), a. [f. L. déris-, ppl. stem 
of déridére to Dente + -Ive. Cf. OF. derrisif, 
-ive.| Characterized by derision; scoffing, mocking. 

a1662 GAUDEN Sacrament 2 (L.) His derisive purple 
stained .. with blood. 1725 Pore Odyss. u. 364 Derisive 
taunts were spread from guest to guest. 1871 H. ArnsworTH 
Tower Hill 1. ii, ‘Soh! you are come !’ he exclaimed, in a 
deep, derisive tone. Mod. Newspr. Rept. of Parit. The 
statement of the hon. member was received with derisive 
cheers [i.e. Hear! hear! uttered in derisive tones]. 

Hence Deri:sively adv., in a mocking manner, 
with derision ; Deri‘siveness. 

1665 Sir T. Hersert Trav. (16 ? 220 That hyperbole .. 
which derisively term[S] Cairo and Damascus villages. /éd. 
243 (R.) The Persians [were] thence called Magusszi de- 
risively by other ethnicks. 1838 Dickens Wich. Nick. xlv, 
‘ Never you mind’, retorted that gentleman, tapping his nose 
derisively. 1847 Craic, Derisiveness, the state of being 
derisive. _ e 

+ Deriso‘rious, a. [f. as next +-ous.] =next. 

1664 H. More Axtid. Idolatry 73 A derisorious Allusion 
to the occasion of the name of that ity. 1681 — Posiscr. in 
Glanvill Sadducismus 1. (1726) 34 His unworthy Usage of 
the Holy Writ, and his derisorious ini of it. 

ye -— 2 


DERISORY. 


Derisory (dérai'sari), a. [ad. L. dérisori-us, 
f. dérisor derider, mocker, agent-n. from déridére.] 
Characterized by derision; mocking, derisive. 

1618 Cuarman Hesiod 1. 325 The garrulous 
«. Sits > egy out her derisory song. a1700 B. E. Dict, 
Cant. Crew, Cold Iron, a Derisory Periphrasis for a Sword, 
1791-1823 D'Israeti Cur. Lit.,Pol. Nicknames, The deri 
nickname [Roundhead]. 1853 Grote Greece u1. Ixxxiii. XI. 
st Occasions for derisory cheering, 1888 7imes 6 Sept. 7/2 

ey prefer decorous obscurity to a derisory notoriety. 
vabi'lity. rare. [f. DERIVABLE: 
-1Ty.) The quality of being derivable. 

1865 Masson Rec. Brit. Philos. 352 The existence which 
each man predicates of himself is, according to Mr. Mill, 
derivability from that neutrum. 

Derivable (dirai-vab'l), a. [f. Derive v. + 
eABLE. Cf. mod.F. dérivable.] Capable of being 
derived: in various senses of the vb. 

+1. Capable of being transmitted or passed on 
from one to another; transmissible. Ods. 

1640 Br, Hatt Efisc. u. vi. 118 Those works which are 
.. derivable to all successions, to the end of the world. 1649 
— Cases Conse. (1650) 416 This incest .. was permanent, and 
derivable to her posterity. a 1716 SouTH OD, The eternal 
rule and standard of all honour derivable upon me. 

2. Capable of being drawn or obtained (from 
some source); obtainable. 

a * Gi Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 521 Fill'd with 
all Plenitude Divine, Derivable from Godhead Trine. 1799 
WELLINGTON in Owen Desf. 158 The collateral benefits de- 
rivable by the Company. 1869 Puicurs Vesuv. v. 150 The 
singular product, derivable from some organic bodies, called 
petroleum. 1884 Law Vimes 31 May 75/1 The income 
derivable from a capital sum of .. twenty-six millions. 

3. Capable of being obtained or drawn as a con- 
clusion, deduction, or inference ; deducible from. 

1653 WiLkins Ox Prayer iv. (T.), The second sort of argu- 
ments, from ourselves, are derivable from some of these 
heads. @1677 Barrow Serm., Wks, 1716 I]. 57 The right 
sense thereof seemeth best derivable from .. the nature of 
the subject he treateth on. 1873 Proctor Expanse Heaven 
81 The main inference derivable from these hurricanes does 
not relate to their effects but to their cause. 

4. Capable of being traced up to, or shown to 
proceed from (a source); traceable. 

a 1682 Six T. Browne 7'racts 137 Derivable from the com- 
mon Tongue diffused through themall. a1716 Soutn Sere. 
VI. 226 (T.) All these lamentable accidents were both subse- 
aes upon, and derivable from a sin, which was fully par- 

oned. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. iii. § 50 All other 
modes of consciousness are derivable from experiences of 

orce, 

Hence Derivably adv., in a derivative manner. 


see 


1847 in Craic. 

if Derivage. Obs. rare, [f. DERIVE + -AGE.] 
Derivation, tracing. 

1610 W. Fotxincuam Art of Survey u. iii. 69 Deriuage of 
Pedegrees from Auncestrie. 

Derival (dirai-val). rare. [f. DeRIvE v.: see 
-AL* 5.] Derivation; e.g. of one word from 
another. 

1871 Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 533 Of the derival of 
a conjunction from a preposition, we have a ready instance 
in the old familiar ‘du’, 1878 /did. § 257 Postscr., Instances 
of Derival rather than of Combination. 

Derivant (d/rai-vant), a. and sb. [a. F. déri- 
vant, pr. pple. of dériver to DERIVE: see -ANT.] 

A. adj. Med. Drawing off or away (inflamma- 
tion, fluid, etc.); =DenivaTIvVEIb. B. sb. Math. 
A term applied to derived function of a special kind. 

1876 Bartuotow Mat. Med. (1879) 546 His conviction that 
the chief utility of cupping and leeching consists not in the 
blood withdrawn, but in the derivant and counter-irritant 
effect which they produce. 

Derivate (de‘rivet), ppl. a. and sb, [ad. L. 
dérivat-us, -um, pa. pple. of dérivare to DERIVE.) 

A. as pa. pple. and a. Derived. 

Fasyan Chron, vit. 293 Portgreuis, whiche worde is 
deriuat or made of .ii. Saxon wordis, as port and greue. 
¢ 1532 Dewes /n/rod. Fr. in Palsgr. goo Tenir, uenir with 
all them that be derivate of them as contenir, preuenir. 
1679 Kip in G. Hickes Spir. Popery 9 Supremacy, and 
every thing Originat upon and derivate from it. 1826 J. 
Gitcurist Lect. 44 Correlative, derivate, and hereditary 
holiness. a Sir H. Taytor Edwin the Fair 1. vii. (D.), 
Him From whom the _ of kings are derivate. 

B. sd. Anything derived ; a derivative. 
1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. 1. ii, rule iii. § 22 Those 
tine that are derivates from heauen. 1838 Blackw. Mag. 
XLIV. 550 We maintain that i meets the 
given, the derivate in man, at every point. 1889 JAcons 
E sop 95 Which of them is the original, which the derivate? 
1892 Daily News 2 Nov. 7/3 The new Ammonia derivate 
Piperazine, 

Derrivate, v. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
dérivare to Derive.) =DeERive v. trans. and intr. 

1541 R. Cortann Gu ‘s Quest. Chirurg. Peraduenture 
it wold deryuate to other membres and do more harme than 
was before. 1§52in HuLorr. 1643 R.O. Man's Mort. i.3 
Thus Mortallity is derivated to all Adams posteritie. 

+ Derivately, adv. Obs. [f. DerivarE a. + 
-LY2,] Ina derived capacity or way. 

1636 Paynne Unbish. Tim. 106 This power is secondarily 
and derivately in the whole Church. 

Derivation! (derivé'fan). [a. F. dérivation 
(1377 in Lanfranc’s Chirurg., Littré), ad. L. déi- 
vationem, n. of action from dérivare to DERIVE. 
(The more usual OF, word was derivaison, -otson.)] 

+1. The action or process of leading or carrying 


228 


a current of water, or the like, from a source, fo 
another part; concr. a branch of a river, etc. by 
which such a drawing off is effected. Ods. 

1607 Torsett Four-f Beasts (1658) 525 They bite all the 

reaching to the st h ing a derivation of all 
those ill humors into the belly and other parts. 1612 
Brerewoon Lang. & Relig. xiii. 139 Pliny in the derivation 
of water, requireth one cubit of declining, in 240 foot of pro- 
ceeding. alee Ray Creation 1. (1704) 82 Plenty of Vessels 
for the derivation of Air to all their Parts. 1737 Bracken 
Farriery he (1756) I. 93 This. .will cause a greater Deri- 
vation .. of Blood to that Leg. ws Gipson Decl. & F. 1. 
xxiv. 693 The fleet passed from the Euphrates into anartificial 
derivation of that river. 1800 E. Darwin Phytologia 417 
The necessary moisture .. which was formerly supplied b 
artificial derivations of water. 183§ De Quincey in 7ast's 
Mag. 1. 80 The great national fountain shall not be 
a stagnant reservoir, but by an endless derivation, (to 
speak in a Roman hor!) applied to a sy of 
national irrigation. ; ; . 

b. The action of conveying or leading away (in 
a current); diversion; an instance of this; in 
Electr. cf. derived circuit (DERIVED c), 

1855 Bain Senses & Int. u. i. § 12 The derivation of 
blood from the brain reduces the cerebral excitement. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Derivation wire, the wire along which a 
derived electric current. is drawn, 1885 Cuttey Pract. 
Telegr. 41 The new path opened to the current is called a 
derived circuit or derivation, or, properly, a fault, 

c. Med. The withdrawal of inflammation or 
morbid humour from a diseased part of the body, 
by blistering, cupping or other means. 

1600 W. Vaucuan Direct. Health (1633) 165 To use revul- 
sions and derivations to withdraw some of the fumes and 
vapours. 1656 RivG.ey Pract. Physick 85 By..derivations, 
as opening a vein and Ligatures to take away the flux. 1676 
R. Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. 7 Derivation differs from Re- 
vulsion onely in the measure of the distance, and the force 
of the medicines used. 1813 J. Tomson Lect. /uflam. 185 
These effects of topical blood-letting are expressed in some 
of the older medical writings by the terms Derivation and 
Revulsion. 

+2. A passing or handing on; transmission (from 
a source) ; communication. Ods. 

I Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. \vi. (1611) 309 What communion 
Christ hath with his Church is in him by originall derivation. 
1602 Warner Ald. Eng. Epit. (1612) 387 He therefore 
plotted..a deriuation to himselfe of the Kingly Diademe. 
1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 196 In human generation the 
son is begotten in the same nature with the father, which is 
performed by derivation or decision of part of the sub- 
stance of the parent. 1699 Burnet 39 Art. ix. (1700) 108 
‘There is both a derivation of Righteousness, and a Com- 
roa gua of Inward Holiness transferred to us through 
Christ. 

8. The action of drawing, obtaining, or deducing 
from a source. 

1660 Wittsrorp Scales Comm. 39 But suppose this pro- 
portion not known, but by derivation, to be collected from 
others. a1703 Burkitt On NV, 7. Matt. v. 14 Christ him- 
self is the light of the world, by way of original: his 
ministers are lights by way of derivation, and participation 
from him, 1835 I. TAyLox Sfir. Despot. v. 214 A continued 
derivation of doctrines from the Apostles. 1876 Freeman 
Norm. Cong. V. xxiv. 396 There was no real derivation of 
English law from Normandy. 

4. Origination or coming forth from a source ; 
extraction, origin, descent. 

1599 Suaks. Hen. V, 11. ii. 141 As good a man as your 
selfe, both in the disciplines of Warre, and the deriuation of 
my Birth. 1608 — /’er. v. i. 91 My derivation was from 
ancestors Who stood equivalent with mighty kings. ro | 
Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. ii. 14 That al Languages an 
Leters had their derivation from the Hebrew. 1791 Cowrer 
Iliad xx. 186 Why hast thou asked My derivation? 1805-17 
R. Jameson Char. Min, (ed. 3) 123 If. -we attend to its rela- 
tion with the other crystals of the same mineral, and also to 
its derivation from these, it is described derivatively. 1850 
Ropertson Serm. Ser. 11. iv (1872) 56 ‘The Son was—of 
God’, showing his derivation. : : 

5. A derived product ; a derivate, a derivative. 

1641 Mitton Prel. Episc. 17 The Father is the whole 
substance, but the Son a derivation, and portion of the 
whole. 1669 Gate Crt, Gentiles 1.1. i. 6 Al human Arts and 
Sciences are but beams and derivations from the Fountain 
of Lights. a1680 Gianvitt (J.) Most of them are the 
= derivations of the nypecnents a to. 1800 

. Taytor in Monthly Mag. X. 410 The Nicolaitans, who 
were a derivation from the Gnostics. 

‘6. Gram. Formation of a word from a more 
primitive word or root in the same or another 
language ; origination as a derivative. 

1530 Pasar. 68 Derivatyon or formation, that is to saye, 
substantyves somtyme be fourmed of other substantyves. 
rsgo Sir J. Smytn Dise, We s 2b, As though our 
language were so barren, that it were not able of it selfe, 
or by derivation to affoord convenient words. a1704 LockE 
(J.), The derivation of the word Substance favours the idea 
we have of it, 1823 Hone Anc. Myst, 147 Better qualified 
to discover and explain the derivation and meaning 
Hearne's word. 1875 Wuitney Life Lang. 87 The relics of 
forgotten derivations..are scattered thickly every 
part of our vocabulary. 2 

b. The tracing of the origin of a word from its 
‘root’ or radical elements; a statement or account 
(or, improperly, a conjecture) of the origin and 
formation of a word, : ; 

1596 Srunser State /rel. Wks. (Globe) 6a3/2, IL knowe not 
whether the woordes be English or Irish..the Irishmen can 
make noe derivation nor anal of them. R. Carew 
in Lett. Lit. Men(Camden) is derivation of — 
names doth not please aoe feast. 1707 Curios. in Husb. 
§ Gard, 10 The leatned Abbot . . will not allow these Deri- 
vations to be well grounded. 1823 Scorr Peveril App. i. 


DERIVATIVE. 


t-note, | Stij straw] Perhaps feasible etymo- 

tos of pdr oe ah er be usual seleion from stipes. 

1851 Trencu Stud. Words vii. (1869) 264 Other derivations 
by him are far more al than this. 

7. Math. The operation of ing from any 
function to any related function which may be con- 
sidered or treated as its derivative ; yo the — 
tion of finding the derivative or differential co- 
efficient, differentiation. 

1816 tr. Lacroix’s Diff. & Int. Calc. 608 We have already 
determined the law of derivation in the most common func- 


tions, 

8. Biol. The theory of evolution of organic forms: ~ 
see EvoLuTion 6 c. ; 

1874 J. Fiske Cosmic Philos. 1. . ix. 442 According to 
the doctrine of derivation, the more complex plants and 
animals are the slowly modified descend. of less pl 
plants and animals, and these in turn were the slowly 

ified descendants of still less complex plants and 
animals, and so on until we converge to those primitive 
organisms which are not definable either as animal or 
as vegetal, | agli 

Deriva‘tion?. Gunnery. [a. F. dérivation? 
(Furetiére, 1690),n. of action from @ériver (dériver 4 
in Hatzf.) to drift, found in 16-17th c. as driver, 
and (according to Darmesteter Dict. Gén.) an 
adoption of the Eng. vb. Drive, in its nautical 
sense ‘to drift with the stream or wind’ (cf. Acts 
xxvii. 15), subseq. associated and identified in form 
with the pre-existing F. verb dériver to DERIVE. 
In F. applied both to the drift or driving of a ship, 
and (recently) to the drift or deviation of a pro- 
jectile, and in the later use taken into mod.Eng.] 

The deviation of a projectile from its normal 
course due to its form, motion, the resistance of the 
air, or wind ; sfec. the constant inclination of a 
projectile to the right due to the right-hand spin 
imparted by the rifling ; drift. 

1875 Ure Dict. Arts 11. 386 The bullet in its improved 
form .. has no tendency to the gyrations which aj to 
have so puzzled French artillerists, and for which markers 
invented the word ‘derivation’ and wasted much learned 
disquisition. 1882-3 Cassell’s Encycl. Dict., Derivation, 
the peculiar constant deviation of an elongated projectile 
from a rifled gun. 


Derivational (derivéi:fanal), a. [f. Dertva- 
TION! +-AL.] Of, belonging to, or of the nature 
of derivation. 

Cc Th 

1843 CAYLEY ah 


of Determinants, Derivational 
functions. 1873 S. Ames in Leisure Hour 495 ‘Canting 
arms’ are..arms that..‘chant’..I can think no other 
derivational explanation. 1880 Earte Exg. Plants Introd. 
93 Weigand treats the termination. .as derivational. p 

Hence Deriva‘tionally adv., as regards deri- 
vation. 

1883 E. C. Crark Pract. Yurispr. 45 Derivationally, then, 
it [9€u1s] means that which is appointed or ordained. 

Derivationist (derive!-fanist). ‘[f. as prec. + 
-1st.] 1. Biol. One who holds the theory of deri- 
vation or evolution of organic types. 2. One who 
occupies himself with the derivation of words. 

1875 Dawson Nature § Bible 134 The derivationist tries to 
break down the line between —_ and varieties. 1888 — 
Geol. Hist. Plants 266 Allied forms, some at least of which 
a derivationist might claim as modified descendants. 289 
Arxinson Moorland Par. 242 The amateur derivationists 


of place names. 

Derivatist (diivatist), sd [f Demivare 
ppl. a. eg =prec.1. Also attrib. or as adj. 

1887 E. D. Corr rar Fittest vi. 215 The doctrine of 
evolution of organic types is sometimes appropriately called 
the doctrine of derivation, its supp S, derivatists. 
/bid., To accept the derivatist doctrine, and to reject the 
creational. : 

Derivative (diri-vitiv), a. and sb. [a. F. dé- 
rivatif, -ive (15th c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. dértvatio-us 
(Priscian), f. ppl. stem of dérfvare: see -1VE.] 

A. adj. +1. Characterized by transmission, or 

passing from one to another, Ods. 

1637 ee Star-Chamb, 14 


he 
b. Afed. Producing derivation ; 
TION! Ic. an 
1851-60 Mayne Exp, Lex., Derivative, having power to 
en aside,, or convert, as it were, rom one disease to 
another}; applied to certain medicines which seem oat in 


this manner, as blisters, rubefacients, ¢ Ww. 
B, Hunrer in Encyct. Brit. X11. 544 ( ) It is 
stimulative, derivative, depurative, sui 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Derivative Seeding, aterm to 
that method of tre: of a di bleeding when the 
blood is removed from a part of the far away from the 
seat of the disease, as in toe in 


affections. 

2. Of derived character or nature ; characterized 
by being derived, drawn, obtained,or deduced from 
another ; coming or emanating from a source. 


1530 Patscr. 31 a tag deriuatif, 1370 Dex Math. 
Prd in Rudd Buclid 1) “ib, The. .use of e 3 


depending ve 
Payaus Anti-Armin, 133 t must be either an aoquisite, 


Soar Tenn. so Nee an let loteaace P 
isc. (1707) IV. 52 
ign Ses sie No ge r7 ey canon, ein 


DERIVATIVE. 


Parl. Ref. Catech. (1818) 18 The distinction between a self- 
formed and a derivative judgment. 1866 ArcyLi Reign 
Law ii. (ed. 4) 64 The secondary or derivative senses of the 
word have supplanted the primary signification. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex. Derivative circulation, term applied to the 
direct communication which exists between arteries and 
veins in some parts of the body, so that all the blood does 
not necessarily pass through the capillaries of these parts. 
b. Deriving authority, etc. from another. 

1845 STterHEN Laws Lng. I. 67 The courts of the arch- 
bishops and bishops and their derivative officers. 

e@. Gram. Formed from another word; not 
primitive. 

1530 Patscr. 79 The pronownes derivatyves have thre 
accidentes, 1 Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 55 
A derivative word is that which may be reduced to another 
word in English of greater simplicity. 1856 R. A. Vaucuan 
Mystics (1860) I. 18 To have a distinction in the primitive 
and not in the derivative word is always confusing. 

d. Law. (See quots.) 

1792 CuirpMan Amer. Law Rep. (1871) 21 The title of S. 
being void, the subsequent or derivative titles must likewise 
be void. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex., Derivative Convey- 
ances, Secondary deeds which presuppose some other con- 
veyance primary or precedent, and only serve to enlarge, 
confirm, alter, restrain, restore, or transfer the interest 
granted by such original conveyance. ‘They are releases, 
confirmations, surrenders, assignments, and defeasanses. 
1871 Marxsy Llem, Law § 350 Derivative possession is the 
possession which one person has of the property of another. 
1892 Law Times XCIII. 458/2 The plaintiff was a deriva- 


tive mortgagee, being a mortgagee of one A, E. P——, who 


was a mortgagee of the defendant. 

3. Of or pertaining to a theory of derivation ; 
derivational. 

1871 Darwin Desc. Man 1. iii.97 Philosophers of the deriva- 
tive school of morals formerly assumed that the foundation 
of morality lay in a form of selfishness; but more recently 
in the ‘Greatest Happiness’ principle. 


1. A thing of derived character; a thing flow- 
ing, proceeding, or originating from another. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. 81b, The third deriuatiue of 
Delicacie, is slotfi. 61x Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1. ii. 45 Honor, 
’Tis a deriuatiue from me to mine, And onely that I stand 
for. 1625 Darcie Annales P vb, Vnskilfulnesse and her 
deriuatiues, Doubt and Falsity. 1665 Sir T., Hersert 7'rav. 
(1677) 103 The Arabick.. Howbeit, ‘tis no original, but 
a derivative from the Hebrew. 1774 J. Bryant AZythol. 1. 
52 Subordinate demons, which they supposed to be emana- 
tions and derivatives from their chief Deity. 1865 MozLry 
Mirac. v.98 Testimony is thus reduced to a mere derivative 
of experience. 

2. Gram. A word derived from another by some 
process of word-formation ; any word which is not 
a primitive word or root. 

I Patscr. 74 Of pronownes some be primitives, some 
be derivatives. 1612 Brinstry Lud. Lit, xxi. (1627) 24 
Some marke would be given under every derivative in eac 
roote. @1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. Wks. (Rtldg.) 768/2 
In derivatives, or compounds of the sharp ¢ .. as agreeing, 
of agree. 1755 JoHNSON Pref to Dict. $20 The derivatives 

have referred to their primitives, with an accuracy some- 
times needless. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 2 The use 
of a Greek derivative gives notice that you are scientific. 
1868 GLapstone Fuv. Mundi ii. (1870) 55 When we turn 
from Argos to its derivative Argeioi we find [etc.]. 

3. Math. A function derived from another ; sfec. 
a differential coefficient. 

1674 JEAKE Avith. (1696) 456 Derivatives of the third Sort 
+.are next to be exhibited. 1846 Caytey Wks. I. 95 The 
derivative of any number of the derivatives of one or more 
functions .. is itself a derivative of the original functions. 
1881 Maxwe tt L/ectr. §& Magn. 1.8 The first derivatives of 
a continuous function may be discontinuous. 

4. Mus. a. A chord derived from a fundamental 
chord, esf. by inversion. b. ‘The actual or sup- 
posed root or generator, from the harmonics of 
which a chord is derived’ (Stainer & Barrett Dict. 
Mus. Terms). 

1828 Wesster, Derivative. .In music, a,chord not funda- 
mental, 1872 Banister Music xi. (1877) 45 These chords, 
with their mutations or inflexions, their inversions and 
their derivatives. .are all the chords used in music. 

5. Chem. A compound obtained from another, 
e.g. by partial replacement. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem, I. 46 Amic acids .. can de- 
com} either as hydrates (derivatives of water), or as 
amides (derivatives of ammonia). 1869 Puitiirs Vesuvius 
v. 152 Ferric oxide has been of late regarded as a derivative 
from ferric chloride. 1880 Act. 43-4 Vict. c. 24 § 130 The 
use of methylated spirits, or any derivative thereof, in the 
preparation of. .chloroform. 

6. Med. A method or agent that produces DE- 
RIVATION (q.v., I c). 

1843 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 78 He had .. found it useful as 
a derivative, removing, when worn on the head, obstinate 
chronic ophthalmia. 1858 Coptanp Dict. Pract. Med. 111. 
1, 1170 External derivatives and exutories have been ad- 
vised for phthisis. ; 

Deri-vatively, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] In 
a derivative manner ; by derivation. 
c1630 Rispon Surv. Devon § 145 (1810) 163 Derivativel 
from Bim isthisgame. 1768-74 Tucker Li, Nat. (x852) Il, 
252 Fundamentals are of two sorts; those essentially such.. 
and those derivatively fundamentals. 1837 Sir F. PALGRAVE 
Merch. & Friar Ded. (1844) 13 Thence it was acquired, 
either primarily or derivatively, by the Chinese. 

Deri-vativeriess. rare. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The state or quality of being derivative. 

.1668 Witkins Real Char. i. i. § 4. 35. Transcendental 
Ponies of Quality at large ..Derivativeness, 1847 in 
RAIG. 


byndyng & pemes 
- toy mynystres 


229 


+ Derivator. Ods. rare—'. [agent-n. from L. 
dérivare to DERIVE.] = DERIVER. : 

1652 GauLE Magastrom. 14 It may sound and signifie well, 
or ill; as the derivator pleases to fancy, or labours to allude. 

Derive (diraiv), v. Forms: 5 dir-, di-, dy- 
ryve, 5-6 deryve,6-ryfe. [a. F. dérive-r (12th 
c. in Littré=Pr., Sp. derivar, It. derivare), ad. L. 
dérivare to lead or draw off (water or liquid), to 
divert, derive (words), f. Dr- I. 2+7ivus brook, 
stream of water. 

There are 4 distinct verbs dériver in French. One of 
these, dériver?, OF. desriver, to cause to overflow its banks, 
f. rive, L. vipa river-bank, possibly sometimes influenced 
earlier Eng. use (cf. senses 1 band cc), Dériver® to drift or 
drive, as a ship, with wind or current, to drift as a projectile 
(for earlier driver, from Eng. drive), has given Derivation 2, 
Derivometer. Dériver 4, to unrivet, is not represented in 
English.)] 

I. Transitive senses. 

+ 1. To conduct (a stream of water or other fluid) 
Jrom a source, reservoir, main stream, etc. /o or 
zzto a channel, place, or destination; to lead, 
draw, convey down a course or through a channel. 
Obs. or arch. 

1483 Cath. Angl. 96 To deryue, derinare. 1530 PALsGR. 
513/1, I deryve, or bringe one thynge out of another, as 
water is brought whan it is brought from the spring, ze 
derive. 1538 LeLanp /tix. V. 92 The Pittes be so set abowte 
with Canales that the Salte Water is facily derivid to every 
Mannes Howse. 1555 WATREMAN Fardle Hacions Pref. 10 
From them [springes] thei deriued into cities and Tounes, 
the pure freshe waters a greate distaunce of. 1571 DiGcrs 
Pantom, 1, xvii. F, Ye may cSnclude that this water may be 
deriued thither. 1606 N. Baxter Max Created in Farr 
S. P. Fas. [ (1848) 238 And so through conduits, secretly 
contriu’d, Is blood to euerie humane part deriu’d. 1632 
SanvERSON Sev. I. 24 Little trenches, whereby .. hus- 
bandmen used to derive water from some fountain or cistern 
to the several parts of their gardens. 1696 Br. Patrick 
Comm. Exod. vii. (1697) 122 Water..derived by Pipes from 
the River into Cisterns. 1805 W. Saunpers A/in. Waters 197 
Mineral springs... Externally used, either by immersing thie 
whole body, or by deriving a stream to some particular part. 

+ b. with various constructions, and adverbial extensions. 

1548 R. Hutren Sum of Diuinitie LL viijb, Thy foun- 
taynes shall be deriued, & the ryuers shall runne into the 
streetes. 1594 2ud Rep. Dr. Faustusin Thoms Prose Rone, 
(1858) III. 334 Danuby is derived in two arms, which. .meet 
at lengthagain in the same channel. 1633 Br. Hatt //ard 
Texts, N. T. 411 Cyrus .. drained the channell of Eu- 
phrates and derived the streames the other way. 1650 Futter 
Pisgah w. iii. 48 ‘Vhe pillar conducting them such by-ways, 
in levels or declivity of vales .. where the water had a con- 
veniency to be derived after them. @1723 Str C. Wren in 
L. Phillimore Mamzily §& Times (1881) App. iii. 343 They de- 
riv’d the River when it rose, all over the Flat of the Delta. 
1800 EF. Darwin Phytologia 417 In some parts .. where rice 
is cultivated, they are said not to derive the water on it, till 
it is in flower. toe 

+e. refl. To flow (én, zxto, through channels). 
(Chiefly fig.) Ods. 

1624 Donne Sev. cxiii. IV. 576 From all Eternity he de- 
rived himself into 3 Persons. a@ 1652 J. Smitu Sed, Disc. 1x. 
iv. (1821) 430 When God made the world, he did not .. leave 
it alone to subsist by itself .. but he derived himself through 
the whole creation. @ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) I11. 120 
The stream of her charity .. found other channels therein to 
derive itself. 

+2. To cause (water, etc.) to flow away; to 
draw off, carry off, divert the course of; sfec. in 
Med., cf. DERIVATION 1c. Obs. 

1598 Stow Sz7v. vii. (1603) 29 Intending to haue deriued 
the riuer of Thames. .to haue flowed about it. 1601 Hottanp 
Pliny 1. 544 To water them, or to deriue & diuert water 
from them. /d/d. II. 469 To lade out the water that riseth 
vpon the workemen, for feare it choke vp the pits; for to 
preuent which inconuenience, they deriue it by other drains. 
1656 Rinciey Pract. Physick 17 The matter must be de- 
rived and voided from the head. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 
iii. (1732) 37 Water the which to derive and rid away. 1771 
T. Percivat £ss. Med. Exper. (1777) I. 220 They derive 
the febrile matter from the brain, and assist..the other dis- 
charges. 
< 3. To carry, lead, extend (a watercourse, 
canal, or channel of any kind). Ods. 

¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist.(Camden 1844) IL. 20 After- 
ward, deriving a trenche from fort to fort, he environed the 
towne, and .. beganne to annoy the same. 1600 J. Pory tr. 
Leo's Africa u. 113 So soone as the said water-conduct was 
derived unto the towne, he caused it to be divided, and 
sent into sundry places. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 16 Media, 
where.the Channels begin, that are deriued out of the Riuer 
Tygris. 1777 Watson Philip IT (1793) Il. xi. 133 From 
this stream. .an infinity of canals are derived. 

+b. To extend by branches or ramifications ; to 
divide by branching. Z¢. and fig. 
¢1597 Harincton in Nuge Antig. (1804) I. 188 It may be 
derived into three kyndes. a 1631 Donne Serm. c. 1V. 322 
Rooted in some one beloved Sin but derived into infinite 
branches of temptation. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 
ut. xxv. 174 At the other end, by two branches [it] deriveth 
it selfe into the Lunges. 1 Hare Prim. Orig. Man, 1. 
ii. 65 Other ramifications of this xervus intercostalis are 
derived into the Chest and Diaphragma. [Cf. 1760 in 4.] 

+4. transf. and fig. To convey from one (treated 
as a source) to another, as by transmission, descent, 
etc. ; to transmit, impart, communicate, pass on, 
hand on. Const. 40, cto, wnto, rarely upon the 
recipient. Ods. or arch. (rare after 1750). 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 226 This power, of 
synne, is deriuyed from the ay les 
Cgristes chirche. 1547 Hoorrer Declar. 


2 


DERIVE, 


Christ i. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 15 ‘Uhe sin of Adam .. was de- 
rived into all his posterity. 1564 Brief Exam. B iv, The 
maner of prophesying .. was deryued out of the Sinagoges, 
into our Churches. 1593 Bitson Govt, Christ’s Ch. 6 From 
him God lineally derived it unto Abraham. 1607 DEKKER 
Hist. Sir T. Wyatt Wks. 1873 111. 83, I will Deriue the 
Crowne ynto your Daughters head. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb, v. (1702) 1. 549 His Name would be derived to 
Posterity, as the Preserver of his Country. 1651-3 Jer. 
‘Taytor Serm. for Year Ep, Ded., That this Book is derived 
upon your Lordship almost in the nature of a legacy from 
her. @ 1661 Futter IWorthies (1840) I. 208 Parents... rich 
enough to derive unto him the hereditary infirmity of the 
gout. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) IL]. 124 Jesus .. 
when he ascended .. derived that divine Spirit upon his 
Apostles. 1699 BurRNET 39 rt. xxxii. (1700) 356 ‘The High- 
Priest .. was to marry, and he derived to his descendents 
that Sacred Office. 1760 Law Sfir. Prayer 1. 38 The life 
of the vine must be really derived into the branches. 1835 
Paut Antig. Greece 1. u. xi. § 2 A festival first instituted at 
Athens, and from thence derived to the rest of the Ionians. 
1848 Hamppen Bawifpt. Lect. (ed. 3) 184 The definition of 
Predestination, as given in the Scholastic writers, and from 
them derived to modern ‘Theology. 
+b. To hand down (esp. by descent’. Obs. 

1561 Norton & Sack. Gorboduc 86 What their fathers .. 
Have with great fame derived down to them. a 1646 J. 
Grecory 7errestrial Globe (1650) 268 The Turkish Histories 
are not so completely derived down to us as to Describe the 
‘Territories by Longitude or Latitude. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. 
Life(1747) UI. 402 Another evident Instance of the Apostles 
deriving down their Apostolick Authority. 1828 SoutHEy 
in Q. Rev. XX XVII. 208 The hatred of popery..which has 
.. been derived down from father to son. 

+e. vefl. To pass by descent or transmission. 

1597 Suaks. 2 //en. IV, 1. v. 43 This Imperiall Crowne, 
Which (as immediate from thy Place and Blood) Deriues it 
selfe tome. 1654 tr. Scadery’s Curia Pol. 126 Which Con- 
ditions did not (with his succession) derive themselves on 
me. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. vu. i. § 35 The Womens dis- 
cords derived themselves into their bands hearts. 
J. Puiurs Zavernier’s Trav, sia Vv. iv. 206 ‘The 
jealousie of the Kings of Persia .. derives itself to all his 
Subjects, who will not permit their women to be seen. 

+5. trans. To cause to come; to draw, bring, 
turn, direct; to bring down. Odés. 

a. Const. 70, unto, into. 

1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden 1846) I. 102 
Then Honorius, retaininge the Brittishe armie, did againe 
derive and traine the Ilande to the empire. 1601 SHaAks. 
All’s Well v. iii. 265 ‘Things which would deriue me ill 
will to speake of. 1613 — /fen. V///, 1. iv. 32 What 
Friend of mine That had to him deriu’d your Anger, did 
I Continue in my Liking. 1647 CLarenvon //ist. Red. iv. 
(1702) I. 270 Men... looked upon him, as one, who could 
derive the King’s Pleasure to them. 1678 Howprs Decam. 
vii. 75 The force of the Sun-beams is derived almost to a 
point by a Burning-glass. 1772 FLetcner Appeal Wks. 
1795 I. 76 Those who derive putrefaction into their bones, 
for the momentary gratification of a shameful appetite. 1774 
T. Jerrerson Autodiog. App. Wks. 1859 I. 144 ‘To undergo 
the great inconvenience that will be derived to them from 
stopping all imports whatever from Great Britain. 

b. Const. 07, pon. 

1611 Speen //ist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xvi. (1632) 852 Hereby he 
deriued vpon his enemy all the enuie of the people. 1671 

. Davies Svéyd/s 11. ii. 87 The first Persecution was raised 
by Nero, to derive upon the innocent Christians the Indig- 
nation of the Romanes. 170§ Stannore /’arafhr. IIL. 65 
Such Apostacy derives a double Dishonour upon Religion. 
1741 RicHarpson /’amela (1824) I. ix. 245 Such an example, 
as will derive upon you the ill-will and censure of other 
ladies. . 1808 W.'T'aytor in Monthly Mag. XXVI. 224 They 
would derive on themselves a solid glory. 

6. To draw, fetch, get, gain, obtain (a thing from 
a source). Const. from, rarely + ovt of. 

1g61 ‘I. Hosy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer (1577) Ev b, 
Deriuing them [newe wordes] featly from the Latins, as 
y° Latins, in old time, deriued from the Grecians. 1582 
Pertige Guazzo's Civ. Conv. Pref. (1586) A vij, If one 
chance to derive anie word from the Latine, which is insolent 
to their eares .. they forthwith make a jest at it, and terme 
it an Inkhorne terme. 1596 SHaxs. Merch. V. 11. ix. 42 
O that estates, degrees, and offices, Were not deriu’d cor- 
ruptly. 1598 B. Jonson £v. Man. in Hune. 1. v, Honour- 
able worship, let me deriue a small piece of siluer from you. 
1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 140 The Romans .. led 
Horses in honour of the Sun, a custome derived from the 
Persians. 1667 Mitton P. L, 1x. 837 Sciential sap, deriv’d 
From Nectar, drink of Gods. 1751 Harris Hermes Wks. 
(1841) 234 If all minds have them [their ideas] derived, they 
must be derived from something, which is itself not mind. 
1781 Gipson Decl. § J. II. 32 The power of the prefect 
of Italy was not confined to the country from whence he de- 
rived his title. 1822 B. Cornwaty Misc. Poems, Headland 
Bay Panama, And Cheops hath derived eternal fame Be- 
cause he made his tomb a place of pride. 1856 FroupE //is¢. 
Eng. (1858) I. iii. 219 The archbishop . . derived no personal 
advantage from his courts. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 181 The 
solid matter derived from the waste of the land. 

b. Const. with from and to. rare. 

177% Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. 1. 204 A king, from the weak- 
ness of whose title they might derive power to themselves. 
1785 Parry Mor. Philos. oy Il. 404 The chief advan- 
tage which can be derived to population from the inter- 
ference of law. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I v. 
191 From his labours, the most valuable benefits were derived 
to his countrymen. Ae : 

e. To derive (ancestry, origin, pedigree, etc.) ; 
also rel. 
1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner B viij, For Malum (an 
one deriveth his line of Ancestry from the Greeke Melon, 
of great antiquity. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xi. Notes 
183 Prester John, sometimes deriuing himselfe very neere 
from the loines of Salomon, 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 
zo The Mountaines of the Moone .. whence seven-mouthed 
Nyle, derives his Origen. 1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 11 Scul 
ture may derive its Pedegree from the infancy of the World. 


DERIVE. 


d. adsol. or intr. 

1632 Quartes Div. Fancies Ded., That like the painful 
Bee, I may derive From sundry Flow’rs to store my slender 
Hive, 1649 in Def Rights Univ. Oxford (1690) 25 Erected 
by the city and those who derive from their title. 1796 
Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VII. 39 The grantee whom 
he derives from. 

e. Chem. To obtain (a compound) from another, 
as by partial replacement. 

1868 Watts Dict. Chem. V. 554 This aye gow eed derived 
from ethylsulphurous acid by substitution of Cl for HO._ 

7. To obtain by some process of reasoning, in- 
ference or deduction ; to gather, deduce. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 75 Loke what ye saye; loke it 
be deryfyde Frome perfyt reason well exemplyfyde. 1624 
N. De Lawne Du Moulin's Logik 89 Rules to live well, 
derived from nature. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. u. xiv. § 4 
Men derive their ideas of duration from their reflections on 
the train of the ideas they observe to succeed one another 
in their own understandings. 1752 Jouxson Rambler No. 
203 P 7 In age, we derive little from retrospect but hopeless 
sorrow. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. $7. 426 It is difficult 
..to derive any knowledge of Shakspere’s inner history from 
the Sonnets. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) 1V. 269 The higher 
truths of philosophy and religion .. are derived from ex- 
perience. ; : ; 

8. ref. To arise, spring, come from something 
as its source; to take its origin from. 

1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. u. ti. § 9 Sem from whom he 
derived himself, was one of the persons who escaped it in 
the Ark. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7raz, (1677) 127 Sheraz then 

robably derives it self from Sherab, which in the Persian 
longue signifies a Grape. 1690 Locxe Hum. Und. u. i. § 2 
Experience ; in that all our Knowledge is founded, and from 
that it ultimately derives itself. 1734 tr. Rodlin's Anc. Hist. 
(1827) I. 115 Hence comedy derives itself. 1833 Lamp Elia 
Ser. 11. xxiv. (1865) 404 If the abstinence from evil .. is to 
derive itself from no higher principle. 

9. passive. To be drawn or descended ; to take 
its origin or source ; to spring, come from (rarely 


t of, + out of). 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Ant.'s 7, 2180 (Ellesm. & Camb. MSS.) 
Conuertynge al vn to his propre welle ffrom which it is 
dirryued sooth to telle. 1530 Patscr. 513/1 His lynage is 
deryved out of the house of Melysyn. 1610 Guittim 
Heraldry it, vi. (1611) 58 A Couple-close is a subordinate 
charge deriued from a cheuron. 1701 De For Free-born 
éeng. 11 A Race uncertain and unev'n, Deriv'd from all the 
Nations under Heav'n. 1737 Wuiston Josephus’ Antig. 
xu. xiii, § 5 They also Fevilet hin, as derived from a captive. 
1892 Garpiner Student's Hist, Eng. 6 No European popu- 
lation now existing which is not derived from many races. 

b. spec. Of a word: To arise or be formed by 
some process of word-formation from (some more 
primitive or earlier word). 

1567 Marcer Gr. Forest 60 Arundo, sayth he, is deriued out 
of the Adiectiue Aridum, for that it so spedily drieth and 
withereth. 1596 Spenser State /red. Wks. (Globe) 639/2 
Stirrops. . being derived of the old English woord s/y, which 
is, to gett up. 1676 Port Royal Art of Speaking 11 From 
one single Word many others are derived, as is obvious in 
the Dictionaries of such Languages as we know. 1751 
Westey Ji’ks, (1872) XIV. 48 A Participle is an Adjective 
derived of a Verb. 1791 Gentl. Mag. 27/1 The word 
Tontine is only a cant word, derived from the name of an 
Italian projector. 1881 Skeat Etym. Dict. 150/2 From this 
O.F. dars is also derived the Breton darz, a dace. 

10. ¢vans. To trace or show the derivation, 
origin, or pedigree of ; to show (a thing) to pro- 
ceed, issue, or come /vom ; to trace the origination of 
(anything) from its source; also, more loosely, to 
declare, assert, or state a thing to be derived from. 

1600 E. Biount tr, Conestaggio 4 Some derive the originall 
of this Count Henrie from Hungarie, others from Aragon 
and from other places. 1604 Meeting of Gallants 4 Bastar 
«.Thou knowest I can deriue thee, 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Psend. Ep. vi. ix. 321 The observations of Albuquerque. .de- 
rive this rednesse from the colour of the sand and argillous 
earth at the bottome. 1662 StiLuincFL. Orig. Sacr. ut. iv. 
§ 13 Prometheus (from whom the Greeks derived themselves’. 
1683 Brit. Spec. 38 From whence Sir Edward Cook derives 
the Law of En asd at this day for burning those Women 
who kill their Hiabands, 1749 Fietpinc Tom Younes xvi. 
vii, An action which malice itself could not have derived 
from an evil motive. 1874 Dawson Nature § Bible 202 
These men derive all religion from myths. 

b. sfec. To trace the origin of (a word) from 
(+20) its etymological source ; to establish or show 
the derivation of ; also, less correctly, to offer a 
conjectural derivation for (a word). 

1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 186 Africa. . Festus 
saith it came of the qualitie of th’ Aere .. deriving it of 
pixyn, as who should say, ’Adpexy that is, without horrour 
of coldenes, 1680 H. Dopweut. Two Lett. Advice (1691) 
207 This..way of deriving unknown words to their primi- 
tive Originals. 1755 Jounson Pref. to Dict. § 25 That 
etymologist..who can seriously derive dream from drama, 
because life is a drama, and a drama is a dream. 1851 
Trencu Stud. Words vii, (ed, 13) 264 He derives the name 
of the peacock from the peak or tuft of pointed feathers on 
its h 1884 NV. § QO. bh Ser. 1X. 207, I should be much 
obliged if any of your readers could bre arm in deriving the 
hame of the village of Allonby, in Cumberland. 

II. Intransitive senses (arising out of reflexive 
uses in I.), 

11. To flow, spring, issue, emanate, come, arise, 
originate, have its derivation from, rarely out of 
(a source), : 

¢1386 Cuaucer Knt.'s 7. 2148 (Ellesm. MS.) Wel ney 
men knowe but it be a fool ‘hat euery part dirryue’ 
from his hool. 1634-5 Brereton 7vav. (1844) 65 A mighty 
revenue derives out of the excise paid for beer and 
wine. 1649 Bounds Publ. Obed, (1650) 17 We all derive 


230 


from him. 1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. i. 3 To understand 
the Family he derives from. 1706 De For ure Div. v. 11 
The Right to rule derives from those that gave, And no 
Men can convey more Power than that they have. 1768-74 
‘Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I]. 12 ney which does not 
derive from any single source. omg. Aen Wks, (1859) 
1. 54/2 In the third class, nobility derives from the person, 
and not from the estate, 1850 Tennyson /x Memt. Lv. 3. 
1863 KincLake Crimea 11.74 There was an authority not 
deriving from the Queen or the Parliament. 

12. To proceed, descend, pass on, come (40 a 
receiver, receptacle, etc.). 

1559 Morwync Evonym. Pref., The study of this Art. .de- 
rived unto the Romains and Grekes somewhat late. 1647 
Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. xv. 212 If the Church meddles 
with them when they doe not derive into ill life. safe 
Strantey Hist. Philos. 1.1, 1 Thales..Who first intr "d 
Naturall and Mathematicall Learning into Greece, from 
whence it derived into us. 1768 Woman of Honor lil. 130 
All that is the most excellent, in our .. laws, derives to us 
from those very..savages. 1858 M. Parrison £ss. (1889) II. 
16 Puritanism. .derives to this country directly from Geneva. 

13. Of a word: To originate, come as a derivative 
(/rom its root or primitive). 

1794 Mrs. Piozzi Synon. I. go Indignant meantime de- 
rives from a higher stock. 1804 W. Taytor in Aun. Rev. 
II. 632 Upholsterer is declared against as a corruption. 
Whence does it derive? 1866 J. B. Rose Virg. Ecl. & 
Georg. 154 The words Comus and Encomium derive thence. 

Hence Deri'ving w/. sd. 

1607 Hirron IVs. 1. 420 Whosoeuer is a man by the 
propagation of Adams nature, the same is also a sinner by 
the deriuing ouer of his corruption. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 176 
(R.) For our experiments are onely such as do ever ascend 
a degree to the deriving of causes and extracting of axiomes. 

Derived (dirai‘vd), ppl. a. [f. Derive v. + 
-ED!.] Drawn, obtained, descended, or deduced 
from a source: see the verb. 

1 Snaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 99, 1am my Lord, as well de- 
riu'd as he, As well possest. 1638 Heywoop lise Woman 
ut, Wks. 1874 V. 313 A gentleman, and well deriv’d. 166 
Boye Style of Script. (1675) 157 Words and phrases, whose 
pithyness and copiousness, none in derived. .languages can 
match. 1668 Wickins Xeal Char. 353 Derived Adverbs are 
capable of Inflexion by degrees of Comparison. 1881 Nature 
No. 615. 352 The derived albumins noted as acid-albumins. 

b. Derived function | Math.) : a differential co- 
efficient (see COEFFICIENT 2 C). 

1873 B. Witttamson Diff. Calc. (ed. 2) i. § 6 note, The 

method of derived functions was introduced by Lagrange. 

e@. Derived circuit, current (Llectr.) + a circuit 
or current in part of which a second conductor is 
introduced so as to produce a derivation; a shunt ; 
so derived conductor. 

1882 Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v. Current, Derived current, the 
current obtained in a circuit made by the addition of a 
second conducting wire. 1893 A/unro & Jamieson's Pocket 
Bk, Electr. Form. (ed. 9) (Currents and Derived Circuits) 
A current splits among dated circuits in proportion to their 
conductivities. 

Derivedly (d/rai-véedli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a derived way, by derivation. 

1621 ArcuBo..p Beauty Holiness 8 Men are holy derivedly, 
and by participation from God. a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts 
§ Mon. (1642) 54 By nature, derivedly from Adam. 

+Derivvement. Ods. rare. [f. DERIVE v. + 
-MENT.] The fact of deriving ; derivation ; concr. 
that which is derived. 

1593 Bison Govt. Christ’s Ch. Pref. 6 Much lesse anie 
deriuement from them, 1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 
1. iv. § 4. 77, I offer these derivements from these subjects, 
to raise our affections upward. 

Deriver (d/rai-va1), [f. Derive v.+-ER!.] One 
that derives, 

1613 T. Mutes 7rvas. Anc. & Mod. Times 21/2 The 
Children that came from Parents of such rich perfection. . 
must needs resemble their first Derivers, 1 ASHWELL 
Fides Afost. 197 Such a Conveyance will argue the 
Church only for the Deriver..not the Originall Composer of 
the Creed. ax7x6 Sourn Serm. Il. vi. (R.), Not only 
a partner of other men’s sins, but also a deriver of the whole 
entire guilt of them to himself. 

+ Derivo‘meter. Os. [a. F. d&rivometre, f. 
adériver to drift (see DERIVATION “) + -(0)METER. ] 
An instrument invented to show a ship’s lee-way. 

1842 Mech. Mag. XX XVII. 84 Another invention of M. 
Clement's, which he calls a Derivometer, is an instrument 
to ascertain a ship’s leeway. . When at anchor, the instrument 
will show clearly the direction of the currents. 

Derk(e, -ly, etc., obs. ff. DARK, -LY, etc. 

Derling, -lyng, obs. forms of Darina. 

Derm (dim). Avat. [mod. f. Gr. 5éppa skin: 
ef. F, derme (1611 Cotgr.), mod.L. derma (Paré 
¢1550).] The layer of tissue (chiefly connective 
tissue) lying beneath the epidermis, and forming 
the general integument of the organs; the true 
skin or corium. rep F 

1835-6 Topp Cyci. Anat. I. 589/2 The derm or corium. . 
white, pruece ch the other hed of the skin, 1861 Hutme 
tr. Moguin-Tandon 11. Vi. i, 317 The vesicle is beneath the 
derm or cutis, 1880 Orp & Sewett in Aled. Chirurg. Trans. 
LXIII. 4 Projections of the derm into the epidermis, having 
the appearance of distorted papilla. 

b. Comb. derm-skeleton ; see DERMOSKELETON. 


|| Derma (ds-ma). Anat, [mod.L. : see prec.] 
= prec. 
ae in ne Kersey). 1 


poe pon ns a 

two parts ; bag ‘pa 
tees Parrzsson ‘ool, 42 The word 
‘derma’, a coat or covering. 1875 H. \VaLton Dis. Zye 137 


~ 


DERMAT-. 


A little slough or core of mortified cutaneous tissue, portion 
of the substance of the derma. e 


Dermad (dsmad), adv. [f. Gr. d5épya skin + 
-ad suffix applied in the sense ‘toward’, ‘-ward’.] 
Toward the skin or outer integument. 

1803 in Dr. J. Barctay New Anatomical Nomencl. 
i 9 Mayne £-xfos. Lex., Dermad .. towards the skin. 

Syd. Soc. Lex., Dermad, an adverbial term appli 
by Dr. Barclay to signify towards the Dermal aspect. 

De. bad form of DERMo-, 

Dermal (dd-umil), z. [f. Derm, Derma +-aL. 
(Not on Gr. analogies : the Gr, adj. is depparexds.)] 

1. Anat, Pertaining to the skin or outer integu- 
ment in general; cutaneous. Rarely in restricted 
sense, Pertaining to the derma or true skin, as 
opposed to epidermal. 

Dermal lesa or one 
attached to or acting upon the skin: dermal skeleton = 
DERMO-SKELETON. 

1803 in Dr. J. Barctay New Anatomical Nomencl. 


1828 in Wesster. 1841 G. Piccner in Dufton Deafness 31 
The dermal membrane of the meatus auditorius. 1861 J. Rm 


ce 1 


Greene J/an, Anim. Kingd., Calent. 136 Aninner or dermal _ 


layer in immediate contact with the m su 

1872 Darwin Emotions iv. 95 Hairs, feathers, and other 
dermal appendages. 1875 ah C. Woop Therap. (1879) 164 
Producing intense dermal irritation. 1878 Brut tr. Gegen- 
baur's Comp. Anat. 493 The dermal muscles are of great 
functional importance in the Ophidii, as they produce a 
movement of the scales, which is use in locomotion. 
Jbid., The dermal musculature is more highly developed 
in the Mammalia. 

2. Bot. Of or belonging to the epidermis, epi- 
dermal. 

1874 Cooke Fungi 19 The dermal membrane, or outer 
skin. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary's Phaner. 135 Bodies 
of a nature similar to the secretions of the dermal glands... 
such as mucilage, and gum, resin, ethereal oils. 

Derma'lgia. /ath.=DrERMATALGIA, 

1842 BraitHwalte Retrospect Med. V. 104 Dermalgia of 
the skin of the pelvis. 1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 803 
Neuralgia. .limited to the skin. .has been called dermalgia. 

+Derma:logy. Ods.= DERMATOLOGY. 

1819 in Pantologia. 

Dermaneural, bad form of DERMo-. 

|| Dermaptera (doimz'ptéra), sb. pl. Entom. 
[mod. f. Gr. 5€ppa skin, hide, leather + wrepdév 
wing; in mod.F. dermaptire: cf. Gr. deppomrepos 
having membranous wings. ] 

An order of orthopterous insects, ——— the 
Earwigs. Hence Derma‘pteran a., belonging to 
the Dermaptera; sd. one of the Dermaptera ; Der- 
ma‘pterous a., belonging to the Dermaptera. 

1835 Kirsy //aéd. & /nst. Anim. 11, xx. 318 The 
(Earvigs) have two elytra and two wings of membran 

olded longitudinally. 1839 Westwoop Afod. Classi/. 
Jnsects 406 Raised them to the rank of a distinct order to 
which the name of Dermaftera was misapplied. 

De'rmat-, de‘rmato-, combining stem of Gr. 
5éppya, 5€ppar- skin, hide, leather (e.g. Gr. tepparo- 
opos clothed in skins) entering into numerous 
technical terms, as ||Dermata‘lgia /ath., neuralgia 
or pain of the skin. De'rmatin J/7., a variety 
of Lodrophise, forming an olive- crust on 
serpentine (1832 Shepherd A/in, 214), Dermatine 
(daamatin), a. [Gr. deppdrivos of skin, leathern], 
= DERMATIC (Cs 1847). Dermatine s/., name 
of an artificial substitute for leather, gutta-percha, 
etc. || Dermatitis, inflammation of the skin. 
Dermatobra‘nchia: see DERMO-. De'rmatogen 
Bot. (-GeN 1], the primordial cellular layer in the 
embryo plant, from which the epidermis is deve- 
po Dermato'graphy [-GRraPHy], description 
of the skin. Dermatol Chem. (see quot.). Der- 
mato'logy [-LoGy], the branch of science which 
treats of the skin, its nature, qualities, diseases, 
etc. ; hence Dermatological a., Dermato‘logist. 
|| Dermato‘lysis [Avors loosening}, a relaxed and 
pendulous condition of the skin in the face, abdo- 
men, etc. || Dermatomyco'sis [pv«ns fungus + 
-o8I8], skin-disease caused by a vegetable parasite, 
such as ringworm. || Dermatono'sis [véaos 
disease], skin-disease. Dermatopathology, the 
pathology of the skin, the subject of skin-diseases. 
Dermato'pathy [740os suffering, affection], cuta- 
neous or skin-disease (Syd. Soc. Lex.). De'rma- 
tophone [ov voice], ‘a kind of flexible stetho- 
scope, the two extremities of which are covered by 
a tight membrane of thin india-rubber’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex.). Dermato'phony, the use of the dermato- 
phone applied to the surface of the living body ; 
the observation of the sone thus heard. ot 
tophyte = Derrmo-(/iy/e). De'rmatopla:st, 
ees moulded, formed}, ‘ the remedying of skin 

efects by a plastic operation’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
Dermato‘ptera = DERMAPTERA. De‘rmatopsy, 
‘skin vision’, sensitiveness of the animal skin to 
light. Dermato'ptic a. Zool, [owrieds, of or for 

ight), having the skin sensitive to light, having 
takin vision’. || Dermatorrhe'a [foi flow], a 
morbidly increased secretion from the skin. || Der- 


. 
a 


a eae eee 


DERMATIC. 


‘matosclero'sis [oxA7jpwots hardening], hardening 
ot induration of the skin; sclerodermia. || Der- 
mato'sis [-osis], the formation of bony plates or 
scales in the skin; also a skin-disease (Syd. Soc. 
Lex.). Dermato-ske‘leton = DERMO-(she/efon). 
Dermato‘tomy = DERMO-(/omy), || Dermatozo'a 
[¢@ov animal], animal parasites of the skin; hence 
|| Dermatozodno‘sis, skin-disease gaused by animal 


parasites, 


1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Dermatalgia. neuralgia of 
the skin; pain of the skin; dermatalgy. 1876 Dunrinc 
Dis, Skin 510 Dermatalgia is an affection characterized by 
pain having its seat solely in the skin .. unattended by 
structural change. /éd. 60 Dermatitis, resulting from con- 
tinued exposure to a high temperature. 1882 Vines Sachs’ 
Bot. 952 It is only in certain cases that the root-cap of 
Phanerogams is derived from the dermatogen. 1851-60 
Mayne £xfos. Lex., Dermatography, term for a description 
of the skin. 1893 Brit. Med. ¥rni. x Apr. 703/2 Dermatol 
is a yellow powder, insoluble in water and odourless; chemi- 
cally it is a subgallate of bismuth, /d7d., Dermatol dusting 
powder, a preparation intended to serve as an appropriate 
application to moist or irritable conditions of the skin. 1891 
Times 14 Jan. 14/1 Read at the Dermatological Society in 
Paris, 1861 Bumsteap Vex, Dis. (1879) 815 This eruption 
has .. been studied by a number of dermatologists, 1819 
Pantologia, Dermatology, a treatise on the skin. 1847 in 
Craic. 1851-60 in Mayne. 1876 Dunrinc Dis. Skin 80 
Dermatology, rightly viewed, is but a department of general 
medicine. /éid. 371 Dermatolysis consists of a more or less 
circumscribed hypertrophy of the cutaneous structures. .and 
a tendency to hang in folds. 1883 Nature 22 Feb. 399/2 
Experiments with regard to the ‘ skin-vision’ of animals .. 
of the earthworm, as representing the eyeless (or ‘derma- 
toptic’) lower animals, and the 77/toxz as representative of 
the higher (Sophthalmoptic ’) eyed animals. 1866 Facce tr. 
Hebra’s Dis, Skin 1. it. 33 Dermatoses .. have long been 
divided, in reference to their etiology, into the symptomatic 
.-and into the idiopathic. 

Dermatic (daime'tik), a. [ad. Gr. depparix-ds, 
f. 5éppa(r- skin : see -1c.] Of or pertaining to the 
skin ; dermal, cutaneous. 

1847 in Craic. 1883 in Syd. Soc, Lex. 

Dermatoid (da-1matoid), a. [f. Gr. deppar- 
skin: see -o1p. Cf. Gr. Sepyarwons, contr. for 
*Seppato-edys.] Like or resembling skin, skin- 
like; =DeErno1p. 

1851-60 in Mayne Expos. Lex. 1857 Duncuison Med. 
Lex. 288 Dermatoid .. that which is similar to the’skin, 

|| Dermestes (d5ime'st2z). Zxtom. [irreg. f. 
Gr. 5épya skin, leather + éoGiewv to eat.] A genus 
of beetles (the type of the family Dermestidx), the 
larvee of which are very destructive to leather and 
other animal substances. Hence Derme'stid a., 
belonging to the-family Dermestidx ; sb. a member 
of this family; Dermestoid @., resembling the 
genus Dermestes; belonging to the Dermestidx. 

1802 Binctey Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 111 When touched, 
these insects counterfeit death; but they do not contract 
their legs, in the manner of the Dermestes, and some other 


Beetles, 

Dermic (di-mik), a. [mod. f. Derm or Gr. 
Séppa + -1C: cf. F. dermigque (Littré).] Of or re- 
lating to the skin ; dermatic, dermal, 

1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim, Kingd. (ed. 4) 388 The dermic 
system becomes fully developed in all its parts. 1857 Dun- 
Guison Med. Lex. 288 Dermic..relating to the skin. 

{| Dermis (ddumis), Azat. [mod.L. deriv. of 
Gr. 5épya skin, on analogy of émdeppis epidermis.) 
The true skin; =DrERM, 

1830 R, Knox Béclara’s Anat, 142 The Dermis, Coriume, 
or Cutis vera, is a fibro-cellular membrane, which forms the 
deeper and principal lamina of the skin, and of itself con- 
stitutes almost its whole thickness, 1878 T. Bryant Pract, 
Surg, I. 172 The subjacent dermis appears of a rose colour, 


Dermi'tis = dermatitis : see DERMAT-. 

Dermo-, repr. Gr, deppyo-, shortened combining 
form of dépya, 5éppar-, skin, etc. (as in Seppdmrepos 
having membranous wings), used in numerous 
modern formations, as Dermobranchia (d51mo,- 
breenkia), -branchia‘ta Zoo/, [BRANCHIA; in F., 
dermobranches|, a group of molluses, having ex- 
ternal gills in the form of dorsal membranous tufts ; 
hence Dermobra‘nchiate a. Dermoga’stric a. 
[yaornp belly, stomach], pertaining to the skin and 
stomach, as in the d. cana/ls, pores, which open 
both into the alimentary cavity and on the skin. 
Dermo'graphy = DERMATOGRAPHY. Dermo- 
heemal (-h7‘mal) a. [H#Mat], pertaining to the 
skin of the hzmal or ventral aspect of the body; 
applied by Owen to the ventral fin rays of fishes, 
in their relation to the heemal arch. Dermohze-mia, 
hyperzemia or congestion of the skin, Dermohu’- 
meral a. [HuMERAL], pertaining to the skin and 
humerus, as in the @, muscle by which in some 
animals the humerus is indirectly attached to the 
skin. Dermo-logy, Dermomyco’sis: see Drr- 
MATO-, Dermomu‘scular a., of skin and muscle. 
Dermoneu ‘ral a. [NEURAL], pertaining to the skin 
of the neural or dorsal aspect of the body; applied 
by Owen to the dorsal fin rays of fishes, in their 
relation to the neural arch. Dermo-o’sseous a, 
[Osszous], of the nature of bone developed in the 


281 


skin or integument, pertaining to a dermo-skeleton, 
exoskeletal; so Dermo-o'ssify v., to ossify der- 
mally, form a dermo-skeleton ; Dermo-ossifica’- 
tion. Dermopa‘thic, -o‘pathy: see DERMATO-. 
De'rmophyte (¢vu7dy plant), a parasitic vegetable 
growth in the skin; hence Dermophy‘tic a. 
|| Dermo'ptera Z/. Zool. (Gr. deppdmrepos, f. wrepdv 
wing], a sub-order of Insectivora, containing the 
Galeopithecus or Flying Lemur of the Moluccas 
(from the extension of skin, which enables them to 
take flying leaps from tree to tree). Dermo-- 
pterous a@., having membranous wings (or fins). 
Dermoptery’gian @., having membranous fins. 
Dermorhy'nchous a. [fvyxos snout, bill], having 
the bill covered by an epidermis, as in the duck. 
Dermoscle‘rite [oxAnpdés hard], a mass of calca- 
reous or siliceous spicules in the outer layer of the 
tissue of some Actinozoa. Dermoske‘leton, derm- 
skeleton, the external bony, shelly, crustaceous, or 
coriaceous integument of many invertebrates and 
some vertebrates (e.g. crabs, tortoises); the exo- 
skeleton; hence Dermoske'letal a. Dermo- 
te’nsor, a tensor muscle of the skin. Dermo'tomy 
[-ropva cutting], the anatomy or dissection of the 
skin. 

1878 Bex tr. Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 111 In the Pori- 
fera. . The number of these pore-canals (dermo-gastric pores’, 
which have consequently a dermal and gastric orifice, is 
generally very great. 1851-60 Mayne £.xfos. Lex. Dermo- 
graphy, Dermology, improperly used for Dermatography, 
Dermatology, 1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat, I. 171/2 Pores.. 
which traverse directly the dermo-muscular envelope. 1878 
BEL tr. Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat, 36 Where the coelom is 
present, the integument, with the muscles, forms a dermo- 
muscular tube. 1854 Owen Skel. §& Teeth (1855) 183 Both 
dermoneural and dermohzmal spines may present two 
structures. 1836-9 Topp Cycé. Anat. II. 880/1 ‘The exterior 
of the body becomes hardened .. and forms .. the Dermo- 
skeleton, 1854 OwEN Shed. & Teeth (1855) 181 The bones of 
the dermoskeleton .. which constitute the complex skull of 
osseous fishes. ‘ 

Dermoid (dismoid), a. [mod. f. Gr. déppa 
skin + -oID: in mod.F. dermorde. (Not on Gr. 
analogies: see DERMATOID.)] Kesembling or of 
the nature of skin. (Sometimes /oosely, Of or be- 
longing to the skin, dermal.) 

Dermoid cyst, ‘a sebaceous cyst having a wall with struc- 
ture like that of the skin’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. s. v. Cyst). 

1818 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 460 Those nations who have the 
dermoid system highly coloured. 1872 PEASLEE Ova. 
Tumours 35 Inthe case of dermoid cysts, the more common 
contents are produced by the true skin, which constitutes a 
part or the whole of their internal surface. 1877 Burnett 
Ear 43 The skin of the canal is extended over the drum- 
head, forming its dermoid or outer layer. 

Dermoi‘dal, az. [f. prec.+-au.] =prec. 

1818 Chron. in Ann, Reg. 458 The instantaneous pene- 
tration of the dermoidal system by the blood. 

+ Dern, a. and sd. Obs. or arch, Forms: 1 derne, 
WS. dierne, dyrne, 2 s.w. dyrne, 2-7 derne, 
2-3, 7 dearne, 3 deorne, Ov. deerne, 3-4 durne, 
4-9 dern, (dia/.darn). [OE. derne, dierne, dyrne 
= OS. derni, OF ris. dern, hidden, secret, obscure, 
OHG. farni lying hid :+OTeut. *darnjo-.] 

A, adj, 

+1. Of actions, etc.: Done or proceeding in 
secret or in the dark ; kept concealed ; hence, dark, 
of evil or deceitful nature. Ods. 

Beowulf 4342 (Thorpe) Swa sceal mzz don, nealles inwit- 
net odrum bregdan dyrnum crefte. c897 K. ALFRED Gre- 
gory’s Past. xiii. 78 Dyles 5a smyltnesse Ses domes hine 
zewemme [ Jse dyrna [v. ~. dierna] zfst, ode to hrad 
lrre. ¢ 1220 pues’ 9° Old in hise sinnes derne. c 1250 
Gen. §& Ex. 1950 Vdas Sor quiles gaf hem red, dat was fulfilt 
of dernesped. c¢1300 Beket 23 The Princes dou3ter. .lovede 
him in durne love. ¢1386 Cuaucer Miller's T. 14 This 
clerk. .Of derne love he cowde and of solas. ¢ 1400 Dest. 
Troy 478 Dissyring full aay. in her derne hert. c 1460 
Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 310 Now bese unlokyn many dern 
dede, [a 1643 W. Cartwricut Ordinary v. iv. in Hazl. 
Dodstl, X11. 311 [arch.] Hent him, for dern love, hent him.] 

+b. Of persons; Secret in purpose or action ; 
reserved, close-; hence, underhand, sly, crafty, Ods. 

@ 1000 Czdnion’s Gen. 490 (Gr.) Dyrne deofles boda wearp 
hine on wyrmes lic. _¢ 1205 Lay. 13604 Uortigerne pe swike 
wes ful derne [1275 deorne], a 1300 Cursor M. 7234 (Cott.) 
Traitur dern and priue theif. ¢1386 Cuaucer Miller's 7.111 
Ye moste been ful deerne as inthis cas. c1400 Destr. Troy 
13625 Deruyst & derne, myn awne dere cosyn, I graunt pe 
pe qpogeenee of bis grete yle. 

+2. Not made known, kept unrevealed or private ; 
not divulged. Ods. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke viii. 47 Da bet wif zeseah pet hit 
him nzs dyrne, heo com forht. ¢ 1200 Orin 9236 Forr 
Crist wass i patt time 3et All unncup & all dzrne. a x1225 
Ancr. R,. 154 God his derne runes, & his heouenliche 
priuitez scheawede his leoue freond. fo oa . Virg. 
(BM. MS) 856 No man mai wite ne se at is i derne 
priuete. 1380 Wyctir Wks, (1880) 353 Poule..herd derne 
wordes of God. 

+b. Of a person: Treated as a confidant ; en- 
trusted with hidden matters ; privy. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 6509 (Cott.) pis moyses was ful dern and 
dere To drighten,. He taght him tabels of be lai, 

_ +e. Phr. Zo hold, keep (a thing) dern. Obs. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Ps. cxviii. [cxix.] 19 Ne nop es me dyrne bine 

pa deoran bebodu. 1508 Dunsar Tya Mariit Wem, 450 


DERN. 


We dule for na euill deid, sa it be derne haldin. 
How Merchande dyd Wife betray 175 in Hazl. £. : 
204, I pray the .. As thou art my trewe weddyd fere, In thy 
chaumber thou woldest kepe me dern. 

3. Of places, etc.: Secret, not generally known, 
private. arch. 

Beowulf 4629 (Thorpe) Se gud-sceada .. hord eft xesceat, 
dryht-sele dyrnne. a 1000 //ene 1081 Sate beg du funde, ba 
de in foldan zen deope bedolfen dierne sindon. c 1205 Lay. 
6750 Pe king hin lette don in to ane derne [c 1275 deorne] 
bure. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw.(A.) 1289 Ona dern stede he dede 
hem hide. @ 1400-50 Alexander 4045 Darke in dennes vn- 
dire dounes & in derne holis. 1584 Sc. Acts Fas. VI 
(1814) 305 (Jam.) Gun pulder .. placeit .. within the voltis, 
laiche and darne partes and placeis thairof. 1806 ForsytH 
Beauties Scott. 1V. 360 At the south-east corner is the 
darn, or private gate. 1814 Scorr Wav. xii, That Davie 
Gellatly should meet them at the dern path. /dz. xviii, 
‘There’s not a dern nook, or cove, or corri, in the whole 
country, that he's not acquainted with. 

4. Of places: Serving well to conceal, as lying 
out of the way, dark, etc.; hence, dark, sombre, 
solitary, wild, drear. arch. 

c1470 Henry MWadlace w. 430 Fast on to Tay his busche- 
ment can he draw. In a dern woode thai stellit thaim full 
law. 1508 Dunsar Tua Mariit Wem. 242 Thai drank, and 
did away dule, vnder derne bewis. 1608 Snaxs. Per. ut, 
Prol. 15 By many a dern and painful perch Of Pericles the 
careful search. .Is made. 1612 SHELTON Quj?r. ut. xii. 1. 240 
He searching Adventures blind Among these dearn Woods 
and Rocks. 1647 H. More Song of Soud ut. un. un. xli, Sing 
we to these wast hills, dern, deaf, forlorn. 1674-91 Ray 
N.C. Words, Deafely, \onely, solitary, far from neighbors. 
Dearn, signifies the same. 1813 Hoca Queen's Wake 96 
Mid wastes that dern and dreary lie. 

5. Dark, drear, dire. arch. 

1570 Levins Manz. 211/4 Dearne, dirus. 1613 W. Leicu 
Drumme Devot.%53 Vhe light of Israel was put out for a 
time, Queene Elizabeth died, a dearne day to England, had 
it not beene presently repayred with as cleare a light from 
Scotland. /é%¢. 39 Prognostications of our dearne light. 
1650 B. Discolliminium 46 Vhese derne, dreery, direfull 
dayes condunghill’d and uglified me into a darke dense 
lumpe. 1845 T. Coorrr Purgat, Suicides (1877) 16 It was 
acrude excess Of all things dern and doleful, dark and drez 
1856 Dosett Eng. in Time War, Evening Dream, ‘The 
awful twilight dern and dun, 

+6. Deep, profound, intense. /7¢. and fig. Obs. 

cx400 Destr. Troy 3060 Hir chyn full choise was the 
chekys benethe, With a dympull full derne, daynté to se. 
c 1500 Spir. Remed. in Halliw. Nuge Poet. 64 My myddelle 
woundys they bene derne and depe, Ther ys no plaster that 
persyth aryght. 1594 /Varres of Cyrus \N.', Who, wounded 
with report of beauties pride, Unable to restraine his derne 
desire. 

B. sd. +1. A hidden thing; a secret. Ods. 

a 1000 Gnom, Vers. 2(Gr.) Nelle ic be min dyrne zeseczan. 
a1300 £. /. Psalter |. 8 [li. 6) (Mitz.) Derne of pi wisdam 
pou opened unto me. 21340 Hampoce /’salter xlili. 23 God 
. -knawis all pe dern in oure hert. . A 

+2. Secrecy, concealment, privacy. Chiefly 72 
dern, in secret. Ods. 

az2g0 Owl & Night, 608 Ich can nimen mus at berne, An 
ek at Chirche in pe derne. @ 1300 Cursor AI, 2935 (Cott.) 
Sister, to be in dern i sai, Pou seis be folk eralla-wai. /d7d, 
21250(Cott.) Marc, men sais, it wratte in dern. ¢ 1420 Avow, 
Arth. lii, lam comun here loe In derne for to play. — 1508 
Dunpar Tua Mariit Wem. 9,1 drew in derne to the dyk to 
dirkin eftir myrthis. 

+3. A secret place; a place of concealment. 

1340 HaMpPoe Psal/er xxx. 25 Pou sall hide paim in dern 
of pi face. ¢1450 HeNrysoN Jor. Fad, 27 Unto ane derne 
for dread hee him addrest. c 100 Leanes true Love (W. de 
W.), To a derne I me droughe Her wyll to knowe, 

+4. Darkness. Ods. 

1500-20 Dunpar Ballat our Lady 3 Haile, sterne superne 
.. Lucerne in derne. 15.. Bannatyne Poems (1770) 98 (Jam.) 
My dule in dern, bot gif thow dill, Doutless bot dreid I dé. 

Dern, a door-post : see DURN. 

Dern, var. of Darn, vulgar perversion of Damn. 

1893 MeCartuy Red Diamonds I. 69 Ef it had been Noah 
I shouldn't have cared a dern. 

+ Dern, darn, v. Os. exc. dial. Also 2-3 
dernen, deorne. [OE, dernan, dyrnan, dernan 
= OS. dernjan, OHG. tarnan, tarnen, MHG. 
ternen to hide :—OTeut. *darnjan, f. *darnjo-, OF. 
derne, DERN a.] 

+1. “rans. To hide, conceal, keep secret. Obs. 

¢893 K. AELFRED O7os. v. x, Peh hie hit zr swibe him 
betweonum diernden [Zater MS. dyrndon]. ¢ 1000 ZELFrRIC 
Gen, xlv. 1 Da ne mihte Ioseph hine leng dyrnan, 1205 
Lay. 7694 Alle hine gretten & heore grame dernden [1275 
deorne]. /éid. 18549 Nzs pe king noht swa wis. . pat imong 
his du3ebe his poht cude dernen. ¢ 1315 suoaneae 79 And 
he ondede hym cristendom, No lenge he nolde hyt derny, 

2. refl. To hide, conceal oneself. dia/. 

in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. 11. 428 The said George 
darnit him selff and his servandis in ane out-hous. 1837 R, 
Nicoty Poems (1843) 118 We dern oursel's down ’mang the 
fresh aiten strae, 1854 H. Mitter Sch. § Schm. x. (1858) 
21x He..escaped them by derning himself in a fox-earth. 

3. intr. To seek concealment; to hide. da/.. 

1584 Hupson Du Bartas’ Fudith (1611) 31 Their courage 
quailed and they began to dern. 1600 J. Metvitt Diaxy 
(1842) 318 The enemies fled and darned. 1813 Hocc 
Queen's Wake 79 Ane nycht he darnit in Maisry’s cot. 
1847 J. Hatuipay Rustic Bard 261 We’ve..dern’d amang 
its green. ‘ 

+4. trans. To cause to hide, to run to earth. 

1584 Hupson Du Bartas’ Fudith 86 (Jam.) Holopherne, 
Who did a hundred famous princes derne. 1 R. Monro 
Exped. Mackay’s Reg. ut, 112 (Jam.) The cunning hunter. . 
giving one sweat after another, till he kill or derne, in 
putting the fox in the earth, and then hooke him out, 


@ 1575 
P.P.I 


Dern, obs. and dial. form of Darn v. 

+ Derne, adv. Ots. Also 1-3 dierne, 6 dern, 
7 darne. [OE. derne, dierne, dyrne =OS. darno, 
adv. from dern, etc. adj.] ‘ Dernly’, secretly. 

" axa00 Moral Ode 77 in Pin Coll. Hom. 222 Ne bie m 
noswoderneidon, ¢ 1345 £. £. Allit, P. B. 697, 1com 
hem a kynde crafte & kende hit hem derne.  ¢ 1440 
oor 1958 The’ ye . went forthe, so seyth the boke, Prevely and 

derne. 1631 Craice Pilgr, & Heremite 5,1 drew me 
“TD to the doore, some din to heare, 

ppl. a. Obs. or dial. Also darned. 
it DERN v. Tidden, concealed ; secret, — 

1600 Gowrie's Conspir. in Select. Harl. Misc. Oh dean 

rivatly..took the fellow, and band him ina privie dern 
Souws, and, after lokking many durres vppon him, left him 
there, 1616 Jas. 1, Disc. Powder Treason Wks. 242 That 
rightly-damned crew, now no more darned conspirators, but 
open and avowed rebels. 1631 A. Craice A, pass & Heremite 

When at the colde Caue doore darned Z 
Rissiy Gent. Sheph. 1. ii, A little fae Lies dana wil 
my breast this mony a day. 

Dernel, -al, obs. forms of DARNEL. 

+Derner. Oés. Also dirner. [Etymology 
unknown: ?connected with dern, Durn, door- 
frame.) The lintel of a door. 

a 1300 Cursor M, 6078 (Cott.) pis lamb blod. .par-wit yee 
mak pan takning, On aiper post per hus to smer, A takin o 
tav on pair derner [v. 7. dernere]. /7d. 6103 (Cott.) On 
pair post and on dirner, 


+ Dernful, a. Ods. [f. Dern sd. + -FUL. A 
pseudo-archaism.] Mournful, dreary. 

?xs91 L. Brysketr Mourn, Muse Thest. go in Spenser 
Astroph., The birds .. this lucklesse chance foretold, By 
dernfull noise. 

+Dernhede. Ols. rare. [f. Denn a. + 
-hede : see -HEAD.] Secret matter ; privity; a secret. 

a@ 1300 Cursor AM. 18454 (Cott.) Noght we dere O baa dern- 
hede tell you namar. z 5 

Dernier ((i3-nias, || dgmye),@. [a. F. dernier :— 
OF. derrenier, deriv. of derrein: see DARREIN. 
The suffix is as in prem-ter, L. prim-arius.] 

Last; ultimate, final. Ods. exc. as in b. 

1602 R. T. Five Godlie Serm. 45 he latter day..wherein 
we must take our dernier adewe. a@ 1688 VitLiers (Dk. 
Buckhm.) Chances, Sir, Iam in the derniere confusion to 
avow, that [etc.]. @1734 Nortu Lives 1, 109 While this 
dernier writ of error hung in the House of Lords undeter- 
mined. 175t Mrs. E. Bicerscn Betsy nfo nba "49 
Every thing but the dernier undoing deed. 1797 Mrs. A. M 
Bennett Seggar Girl (1813) 111. 96 On how many chances 
did this dernier hope hang ! . 

b. Dernier resort (now always in F. form der- 
nier ressort): last resort; orig. (in reference to 
legal jurisdiction) the last tribunal or court to 
which appeal can be made, that which has the 
power of final decision; hence, a last or final 
resource or refuge. 

1641 Aur. WittiAms Sf. in A 
1 have fixt my Areopagus, and 
to make any further appeal. 


A pol. Bishops (1661) 89 Here 

ernier resort, being not like 
a1jog Arxyns Parl. & Pol. 
Tracts (1734) 97 The High Court of Parliament is the 
dernier Resort. x Refl. Sacheverells Serm. 3 Yhe 
People..were the dernier Resort of Justice and Dominion. 
ree Vind. Sacheverell 73 ‘The Pretender is your dernier 

Resort. 1 Fornercite in PA. Trans. LXIX. 2, I re- 
commended, as a dernier resort, a trial of electricity. 1792 
J: Bevxnar Hist. New-Hampshire U1, 256 The dernier 
resort was to a court of appeals, consisting of the Governor 
and Council. 1893 Nation (N. Y.) 9 Feb. 111/1 The word 
elementum. .hithertofore, as a dernier ressort, has been 
referred in some way to adimentum, 

+ De'rnly, adv. Obs. Also 2-3 derneliche, 
3-6 edie compar. 3 dern(e)luker. [f. Dern 
a,: see -Ly2, It is properly the adv. of an O.E. 
derived adj. *dernelic.] 

1. In a secret manner, with secrecy. 

¢1175 Lamb, Hom. 153 Nedre smuzed derneliche. ax: 
Ancr. R. 128 Vorte..don derneluker perinne flesliche fulden. 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 2517 (Cott.) Dernlik he did bam bide. 
¢€ 1300 Beket 27 This Maide longede sore And lovede him 
durneliche. *393 Lanot. P. Pl. C. xiv. 164 Menye of po 
bryddes Hudden and heleden durneliche here egges, For 
no foul sholde hem fynde. c1g00 Destr. Troy 13700 Pe 
schalke, that..so dernely hym did dere & dispit. 

2. So as to be concealed or hidden. 

e1305 St. Kenelm 283 in E. E. P. (1862) 55 Pe holi bodi : 
my durneliche lai bere. 1§13 Douctas 4neis vin. i. 146 

dernly hyd none wyst quhair he was a 

~ Dismally. [A cay pe archaism.] 

Spenser F, Q. 1. i. 14 Their puissance, whylome 
ful dernely tryde. did. mt, xii. 34 Had not the lady.. 
Dernly unto her called to abstaine. 1591 — Daphn. xxviii, 
Thus dearnely plained, 1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage 11. xx. 
223 A Lion. .roared so dernely, that all the women in Rome 
— hundred miles from thence) for very horror proued 
abortive. 

+Dernship. 04s. In3darnscipe. [f. Dern 
a. + -SHIP.] wecrery § = DERNHEDE. 

nee Lay. 258 Mid darnscipe he heo luuede. a r2a5 
Ancr. R. 152 Tote MS.] Niht, ich cleopie dearneschipe 
lother MSS, priuite). 

Dero’b, v. Ots, Also derobbe, -rube, -robe. 

a. F, dérober (OF. also desrober, 13th c in ‘Littré), 

. de- (des-),L. dis- + OF .rober to rob, take by stealth 
or force: see Ros. (In the second quot. perh, asso- 
ciated with role: cf. divest and derobe.)] trans. 


To rob, plunder. 


al. 1616 Bupnen tr. Aerodius’ Parents’ Kon Bp. Petia 
Methinks Lucius Brutus his seueritie well .-that 
derobed himself of all respect of a a 

Derobe (drab), v. rare. [f. De- Il. 1 + 
Rose v.) ¢rans. To disrobe ; to doff. 

3841 Zait's Mag. VIII. 155 We quickly derobed our 
‘De apparelling ’. 

Sereges , a. Obs. [ad. L. dérogant-em, 
= pple. of dérogare to DERnocate.}] Derogating, 
derogatory. 

¢1620 T. Apams Wks. (1861-2) I. 12 (D.) The other is both 
arrogant in man, and derogant to God. 

De‘rogate, #//. a. Now rare. [ad. L. dérogat- 
us, ra pple. of dérogare: see next.] 

pple. Annulled or abrogated in ees 
shane in authority, force, estimation, etc. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. xxvii, And leest through 
tongues to - soit. estate Through false reporte it were 
derogate. ALL Chron. 117 ‘The chief ruler beyng in 
presence, ike seals of the substitute, was clerely dero- 
gate. os Be fe Foxe A. hep! (1684) III. 311 The once made 
oblation of Christ is here &  derogate, when this Sacramental 

. -offering of thanksgivin is believed to be propitiatory. 

3. adj. Deteriorated ; debased. 

1605 Suaks, Lear t. iv. And from her derogate body 
neuer spring A babe to honor her! 1849 Fraser's Alag. 
XL. 533 They are (like all his poetry) made derogate by vile 
conceits. 

Derogate (de'rige't), v. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
dérogare to repeal in part, take away or detract 
from, diminish, disparage, f. Dg- I. 2 + rogare to ask, 
question, propose a law. Cf. prec., and see -aTe 3 
3-5. 

+1. ¢rans. To repeal or abrogate in part (a law, 
sentence, etc.) ; to destroy or impair the force and 
effect of; to lessen the extent or authority of. Ods. 

1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 3199 There may be no 
counseyll..To derogate or eae deuyne sentence. 1559 
Fabyan's Chron vu. 717, The Englishe seruice and 
communion boke was derogated and disanulled, and 
a generalle submission .. made to the sea of Roome. 1677 
Hare Prim. Orig. Man. (J.), By severall contrary customs 

-many of these civil and canon laws are controuled and 


derogated. 
+2. To detract from ; to lessen, abate, disparage, 
Pia t Obs. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 217 He dothe. .as moche 
as is in hym, to derogate and destroy the autoritie of holy 
scripture. 56x Davs tr. Bullinger on _ + (1573) 19b, 
There be some at this day, which doe playnl bE jlerogate 
the manhode of Christ. 1570 Bittincstey Euclid x1. 

xii. 316 Which thing is not here spoken, any thing to dero- 
gate the author of the booke. 1642 Mitton Afol, Smect. 
(1851) 260 To derogate the honour of the State. 

+ 3. To curtail or deprive (a person) of any part 
of his rights. Ods. 

1540-1 Etyor /mage Gov. 24 Marcus Aurelius, whom no 
man can derogate of anie parte of honour and wisedome. 
1570 BuCHANAN Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 30 Ye lordis wald 
not consent to put down y® quene or derogat hir of hir 
eae in ony maner, 

To take away (something from a thing) 0 
as to lessen or impair it. arch. 

1561 I. Norton Calvin's Just. 11. 105 Is that bicause their 
purpose is to derogate any thing from the law. 1§77 Hotin- 
SHED Chron. II. 134 To ‘derogat things meerely preiudiciall 
to the kings roiall prerogative. 1593 Ar. Bancrort Daung. 
Posit,\. vi. 26(He] made Actes to derogate the free passage 
of the Gospell. 1623 Bincuam Xenophon 141 Not to dero- 
gate credit from your owne word. 1755 Younc Centaur i. 
Wks. 1757 IV. 119 Nor can the diminishing imagery of our 
notions derogate less from Him. 18a2 Lamp “/ia Ser. 1 
Mod. Gallantry, Just so much respect as a woman dero- 
gates from her own sex .. she deserves to have diminished 
from herself, 

5. adsol, or intr. To take away a part from; to 
detract, to make an improper or injurious abate- 
ment from. Now chiefly from an excellency ; also, 
from a right, privilege, or possession. 

¢ 1560 Calvin's Com. Prayer he i in apes (1708) Il. hao 
Other Sacrifices for Sin are b 
the Sufficiency hereof. 1583 Srupnes p beng Abus, uM. (1882) 
59 It derogateth greatly from the glorie and maiestie of God, 
to saye, [etc.] tes Wisue New Planet i. (1707) 155 Fear 
of Derogating from the Authority of the Ancients. 1726-31 
Tinvat Rapin's Hist, Eng. (1743) 11. xvit. 124 This present 
Treaty shall in no way derogate from former Treaties. 
1874 Srusss ugg ot - Hist, (1875) IL. xiv. 88 This award is 
not intended to derogate from the liberties of the realm, 

b. from a person: i.e. in respect of his excel- 
lency, eminence, authority, rights, ete. Now arch. 
1586 Warner A/d, Eng. mt, xvi. pee 7 How captiously 
he derogates from me, and mine estate, @1617 Bayne On 
Fh wa6s8) 78 This is a wicked Doctrin derogating from 
rist. 4 App1son Sfect, No. ror P3 We can now wed 
a great Man, without are «ge from Pom 

ps Rosser Life of Shelley p. xiv, ‘I stuff 

only of Gmogatiog from the typical Shelley. 
te. with fo. Obs, rare. 

@ 1670 Hacker Adf, Williams u. 218 This fell into aharsh 
construction, geromnting much to the Archbishop's credit. 

6. intr. T something derogatory to one’s 
rank or position; to fall away in character or 
conduct from ; to ‘degenerate. 

(Cf. F. déroger, déroger & noblesse, to do sliythiog entail. 
sing loss of the ihe pe of a. e.g. to engage ina 
profession incompatible with.) 

61x Suaks. Cymé, 1. i. 48 You cannot as 5 ae an my Lord. 

1706 vgn pan Fair Examp. u.i, The World grows extra- 


1546 St. sage Hen, VIII, XI. 46 He wold prefe 
captaynes to Your Highnes service, but they wyl derobbe 


m the Parsimony of our Ancestors, 
a 1830 Hazurr (O.), Would Charles X derogate from his 


DEROGATOR. 


ancestors? Would he be the 
line? Mrs. benim one gions ng sre 


aware I edigray ef on ta 1862 
eewrens re (ed. 4) 416 In these days, too, 
Snow pére had derogated even from the position in which 
Graham had first known him. 1888 7% Bar Mag. Oct. 
Sie nes Sa © Eee ete 


has less than sixteen quarterings. 
4] Reproducing a barbarism of the Vulgate. 
1609 Biste ( y) Ezek, xxxv. 13 You. .have derogated 
= multiplied) your wordes against me. [/u/g. derogastis 
adversum me verba vestra.] 


Hence De‘rogated /f/. a., De‘rogating vb/. sb. 


and 

7 a he Syon's Plea of 2) 17 oan 
from the King, their injury to his TL 
Nicnoas in N, Papers (Camden) ‘The — bo rt ng 
chievous sca and derogating tions. 1674 
Pripveaux Lett. (Camden) 11 vo Se harsh or derogate- 
ing expression be found in any part of his booke. 


+ Derogately, adv. Obs. [f. DErocate Api. 
a@.+-LY2,.] =DEROGATORILY. 

1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CZ. u. ii. More laught at, 

I should Once name you deroga‘ iomanale, ; 

Derogation (derdgéi “fon). In 5 -acion. + 
F. dérogation (14th c. -acton, in Hatzf.), ad. L. 
derogation-em, n. of action from déragare to Dr- 
RoGATE. In L, used only in the sense ‘partial 
abrogation of a law’: but in the mod. langs. in 
all the senses of the vb.] 

1. The partial abrogation or repeal of a law, con- 
tract, treaty, legal right, etc. 

1548 Hatt Chron. pili V, ended -72b, » Long sufferaunce is 
no acquittance, nor prolongyng of tyme ion to right. 
1628 Coxe On Litt. 282b, ps and sabiay incomes 
derogation of the Common Law. 1691 Ray Creation 1. 22 
In bs gree to the precedent Rule. 1692 Sourn Serm. 
(1697) 1. 430 The Scripture that allows of the Will, is 
neither the Abrogation, nor Derog nor Di: 
nor Relaxation of that Law. 1792 Curman Amer. Law 
Rep. (1871) 13 A privilege in derogation of the common law 
right of the creditor. 1885 Act 48-49 Vict. c. 38 § 1 This 
section shall be in addition to and not in derogation of any 
powers. . vested in the Committee of. .Council on Education. 

2. The taking away (in part) of the power or autho- 
rity (ofa person, roe lessening, weakening, curtail- 
ment, or impairment of ee ee detraction from. 

c 1480 tr. De /mitatione ut. \xiii, pat dope hindringe 
derogacion to me, Fasyan 
Chron. vu. 304 One thynge he dyd to y* derogacion of y* 
munkys of ‘ Cantorbury. 1533 Bevtenpen Livy un. (1822) 195 
It maid plane derogacioun to the Faderis to creat ony 
tribunis in times cumming, be yotis of thair assessouris or 
clientis. 1536 Act 28 Hen. V/// (1621 in Bolton Stat. /rel. 
118), Actsand Statutes made. .in derogation, hes ines and 
extinguishment of the Bishop of Rome. 1 Norton 
Calvin's Inst. 1. xix. (1634) 717 marg., With d jon 
from Baptisme, force [is] given unto confirmation which doth 
not belong unto it. 1750 Carte Hist. Eng. 11. 511 Papal 
usurpations, to the derogation of the Crown. 1779 Burke 
—_ (1844) II. 269, I hope, too, that you will not think it 

. derogation from the deference I ought to pay to your 
Pee igment. 

3. Detraction from the honour, or reputation of ; 
lowering or lessening in value or estimation, dis- 
paragement, depreciation. 

1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. w. arf nb aig it sholde 
be great di ion to hisnameand he were slayne of Karles. 
1549 Compl. Scot, _Epist. 5 As this nobil prelat hes dune.. 

vyrkt out dirrogatione of his — dignite. 1596 SPENSER 
State Trel. Whe. (1862 cH ag yon a ag brave man, neither 


is that any thing whi ie Geccpation. 164% 
MiLTon | Aehreh. (1851 37, ee ays. ind Pindar. 
and debasements to their high 1656 CowLey 
Odes Notes (1669) 10 He does it in ing, 3696 Conse his ad- 
versary Bacchilides. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 1. fort (x69) 
15 This is no Ci Farig to their Truth and 
Appison Ct, de Remdien > spe Lo ~_ 
sje in derogation Portuguese. m ERS 
Bible vii. tls 8 from saying this i 
4. Fallin of in rank, character, or excel ; 
loss of ran! ; deterioration, debasement. 
1838-9 HALLAM Hist. Lit, U1, iv. u. § 56. 155 He discusses 
also the derogation to nobility by plebeian occupation. 

L. Hunt Jar Honey (2848) 197 The sweets of the wi 
ere Pay) industry of the will continue without 
change r855 1 nackeRray Newcomes 1. 227 
a might pretend surely to his kinswoman's hand begs" +4 
1864 Sata in Daily 7 8 ot 

and degradation of 


i ‘the derogation 
a gitiv),a. [a. OF. ‘rat 
bt L. type *dérogativ-us, f. 3 


to eny of my seintes, dope 


-ive (1403 in Godef.), f. 


ative (ar (dir 
ppl. stem of dérogire: see see -ATIVE.] C 


y hy ; tending to yaa pois 
ilds (18 
Py: erties. of i Bi ce EB arp rely 9 aia 


c. 13, rte and strates . derogatiue ynto the most 
Su as nT, Bae Paend. ip. 1. aid mee derogative 
OWNE . Xi 
unto hi sl "868 1888 Cornhild Mag. Jan. 73 Too derogative 
int 
Hence Dero‘gatively adv. In mod. Dicts. 


tor Sees —. [a. 4 

ator, it-n. from to DEROGATE. 
Ganon decideten one who diminishes or takes 
from the authority of pont — 
a Lupron Sivgila — et oo 


Paes Vind of Case Case of Pu Things 9 It ma 
fe te Champion fr the pe the peecton and 


DEROGATORILY. 


Derogatorily (ditpgitorili), adv. [f. Drro- 
GATORY + -LY*.] Ina derogatory manner; with 
derogation or disparagement. 

1603 Sir C. Heypon Fud. Astrol. xxii. 481 Without 
speaking vnreuerently or derogatorily of God. 1648 Prynne 
Plea for Lords 17 He writes. .derogatorily of the Commons. 
1827 Hare Guesses (1859) 337 By speaking derogatorily and 
slightingly of some other power. 

ro'ga’ ess. vare. [f. as prec. + -NESS. ] 
Derogatory quality. 

1727 in Baitey vol. II. 

+ Derogato'rious, a. Obs. 
us DEROGATORY + -0US.] =next. 

crsss Harprsrirtp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 234 His 
doings were derogatorious..to the supremacy of the Pope. 
ion Dustin & Waker Spirits § Divels 186 Your speech 
is derogatorious to the efficacie. .of Christ’s death, 

Derogatory (diipgitori), a. and sé. [ad. L. 
dérogatori-us, {. dérogator: see prec. and -ORY, 
Cf. F. dérogatoire (1341 in Hatzf.).] 

A. adj. 

1. Having the character of derogating, of taking 
away or detracting from authority, rights, or stand- 
ing, of impairing in force or effect. Const. fo, fron 
(ta). ee : 

1502-3 Plumpton Corr. 174 Not intending to have his grant 
derogatorie unto justice. oe #8 Cuitunew. Relig. Prot. 1. 
vi. § 4. 326 If you conceive such a prayer derogatory from the 
perfection of your faith. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 
sor That none be chosen, or no course be taken derogatory 
thereto, 1651 Hoppes Govt. § Soc. xiv. § 12. 221 Provided 
there be nothing contain’d in the Law... derogatory from 
his supreme power. 1730 Swirr Drafier’s Lett. ii. Rep. 
Comm, Whiteh., A just. .exercise of your. .royal prerogative, 
in no manner derogatory or invasive of any liberties. 1788 
V. Knox Winter Even. I. iv. x. 60 An opinion derogatory 
from the value of life. 1825 Scorr 7adism. xx, Incidents 
mortifying to his pride, and derogatory from his authority. 
1863 H. Cox Justit. 1. vi. 34 This Act was annulled as dero- 
gatory to the King’s just rights. : : 

2. Having the effect of lowering in honour or 
estimation ; depreciatory, disparaging, disrespect- 
ful, lowering. 

1363 87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 1/2 The 2"4 [was] derogatorie 
to kings and emperors. 1592 NasHe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 
13a, All holy Writ warrants that delight, so it be not 
derogatory to any part of Gods owne worship. 1 Sir 

. Reynotps Disc. vii. (1876) 48 Who probably would think 
t ny to their character, to be supposed to borrow. 
1838-9 Hatta //ist. Lit. III. iv. m1. § 34. eu It would be 
.. derogatory to a man of the slightest claim to polite 
letters, were he unacquainted with the essays of Bacon. 
Map Prune Louis XIV, 1. 292 Conduct .. derogatory to 
his rank. 1849 Dickens Dav. Coff. (C.D. ed.) 181 To have 
imposed any derogatory work upon him. 1860 FARRAR 
Orig. Lang. (1865) 40 What plans are consonant to, and 
what are derogatory of God’s.. Infinite Wisdom. 

+3. Derogatory clause: a clause in a legal docu- 
ment, a will, deed, etc., by which the right of sub- 
sequently altering or cancelling it is abrogated, 
and the validity of a later document, doing this, 
is made dependent on the correct repetition of the 
clause and its formal revocation. Ods. 

1528 in Strype Eecl. Mem. I. App. xxx. 89 As doth 
appear by composition made..and also confirmed by Boni- 
face the IV .. with clauses derogatory. 1590 SwinBuRNE 
Testaments 266 What maner of reuocation is to be made 
in the second testament, that it may suffice to reuoke the 
former testament, wherein is a clause derogatorie of the wil! 
of the testator. @1626 Bacon Max. § Uses Com. Law xix. 
(1636) 70 A derogatory clause is good to disable any latter 
act, except you revoke the same clause before you proceed 
to establish any later disposition or declaration. 

+B. sb. Obs. rare—°. re 

161x Corcr., Derogatoire, a derogatorie, or act of deroga- 
tion. 

+ Dero'ge, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. déroge-r (Oresme 
14th c.), ad. L. dérogdre.] _=DEROGATE. 

1427 Rolls of Parit. 1V. 326/2 It was nought youre entent 
in any wyse to deroge or do prejudice unto my Lord. 

Derotremate (derotr7#mét), a. Zool. [ad. 
mod.L, derotrémat-us (in neuter pl. Derotrémata 
name of the group), f. Gr. 5épy7 neck + tphpa(r- 
hole, boring.] Of or pertaining to the Derotre- 
mata, a group of urodele batrachians, having gill- 
slits or branchial apertures, instead of external 
gill-tufts. So Derotrematous a., De'rotreme 
a, and sd. 


1849-52 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 828/2 [Supra-renal capsules] 
have not been found among the Derotremate.. orders. 

Derout (dirau't), sd. [a. F. déroute ‘a rout, 
a defeature, or flight of men’ (Cotgr.), f. dérouter: 
see next.] An utter defeat, a Rout. 

1644 R. Baie Lett. §& Frnls. (1841) I]. 188 We trust to 
heare shortly of their totall derout. ¢c1729 Eart or Aites- 
Bury Mem. (1890) 591 [Ramillies] was called a derout rather 
than a battle. ry E, Hay Jusurr. Wexf. 150 This derout 
was .. occasioned by the example of one of the divisional 
commanders. 


*s 
Derout (dtrau't), v. [a. F. déroute-r, OF. des- 
router (-roter, -ruter, -roupter):—late L. *disrup- 
tare, f. di(s)rupt-us, pa. pple. of dirumpére to break 
in pieces: cf. Disrupr.] trans, To put completely 
to flight; to Rour. Hence Derou'ted ffi. a. 
1637 Gittespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. Ord. Ciij, Untill not 
only all their blowes be awarded, but themselves also all 
derout 1808 J. Bartow Columb. vi. 537 Till dark de- 
routed foes should yield to flight. 1839 W. H. Maxweti 
Vou. III. 


[f. L. dérogatori- 


233 


Wellington & Brit. Armies (1877) 147 The Spanish being 
utterly derouted. 

Derraine, -reyne, var. of DERAIGN v. Obs. 

Derrar, -ere, obs. compar, of DEAR a. 

Derre, obs. f. DEAR a.; obs. inflexional form of 
Dare v. 

Derrick (derik), sd. Also 7-9 derick. [from 
the surname of a noted hangman at Tyburn ¢ 1600. 
The name is orig. the Du. Dirk, Dierryk, Diederik 
=Ger. Dietrich, Theoderic.] 

+1. A hangman; hanging; the gallows. (Cf. 
Jack Ketch.) 

¢ 1600 Ballad Death Earl Essex (N.), Derick, thou know’st 
at Coles I sav'd ‘Thy life lost for a rape there done. 1606 
DEKKER Sev. Sinnes 1.(Arb.) 17, I would there were a Derick 
to hang vp him too. 1607 W. S. Puritan iv.i, Would Der- 
rick had been his fortune seven years ago. 1608 DEKKER 
Bellman of Lond. (N.), He rides circuit with the devil, and 
Derrick must be his host, and Tyborne the inn at which he 
will light. 1656 Brount Glossogr., Deric..is with us 
abusively used for a Hang-man; because one of that name 
was not long since a famed executioner at Tiburn. 

b. attrib. derrick-jastro. 

?a1610 Heatey Disc. New World 174 (N.) This is in- 
habited only with serjeants, beadles, deputy-constables, and 
Derrick-jastroes. . 

2. A contrivance or machine for hoisting or 
moving heavy weights: +a. orig. A tackle used 
at the outer quarter of the mizen-mast. Ods. b. 
A spar or boom set up obliquely, with its head 
steadied by guys and its foot secured by lashings, 
or pivoted or socketed to the deck, floor, etc., and 
furnished with suitable tackle and purchases; orig. 
and chiefly used on board ship. ¢@. A kind of crane 
(more fully derrick-crane) in which the jib is pivoted 
to the foot of the central post, so that it may take 
various angles with the perpendicular; a ‘jib and 
tie’ crane. Also often applied to any outstanding 
jib or arm with a pulley at the end, e.g. those 
outside the lofts of stables, warehouses, etc. d. 
Floating derrick: one erected on a kind of boat, 
with a horizontal boom supported by stays from 
the top of the central post. e. A tall structure 
used to support telegraph wires. 

@. 1727-52 CHAMBERS Cycé. s.v. Ship (Plate), Mizon Mast 
.. Derrick and Spann. 1794 Rigging §& Seantanship 1. 165 
Derrick, a tackle used at the outer quarter of a mizen-yard, 
consisting of a double and single block, cdnnected by a fall. 

b. 1756 Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 429 Lightning .. cut out a 
piece of what they call the Derrick, at least 18 inches 
diameter and 15 or 16 feet long. 1800 CoLqunHoun Commi. 
Thames 626 Get up and rig a Derick for the purpose of 
discharging the Cargo. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia’s Ard. 
xxii. (1887) 161 They had jurymasts to serve as derricks on 
occasion. 

ec. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Stonehenge Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 126 Swinging a block of granite.. with an ordinary 
derrick. 1881 Raymonp A/ining Gloss., Derrick, the hoisting- 
tower over an artesian well-boring. 1885 Ducane Punish. 
& Prev. Crime 179 The construction of the large cranes and 
derricks in the quarries. 

d. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v., Bishop’s floating-derrick 
.. used in 1850..is capable of self-propulsion by means of 
paddle-wheels, and thus removes its suspended load to a 
position of safety for repair or other purpose. 

e. 1886 Daily News 28 Dec. 5/6 They have .. a very large 
derrick here holding up an immense number of wires and a 
good many cables. 

3. attrib., as derrick-floor, -pole, etc.; derrick- 
ear, a railroad truck on which a small derrick is 
mounted, for use in clearing lines from any ob- 
struction (U.S.); derrick-crane: see 2c. 

1865 Pall Mall G. 21 June g About the same depth from 
their derrick floors. 1882 7imes 27 Dec. 92 Unlike the 
derrick pole of an ordinary turret ship. 1883 Rosner 7veat, 
Rating 42 To lay down moorings and moor a derrick hulk 
tothem. | 

+ De'rrick, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. sb.] trans. 
To hang. 

1600 W. Kemp Nine Days’ W. in Arb. Garner VIII. 37 
Pd that .. would pol his father, derick his dad! do any- 
thing. 

Derring do, derring-do. pseudo-archaism. 
In 4-5 dorryng, (dorynge, duryng) don (do, 
to do), 5 doryng(e do, 6 derrynge do, derring 
doe, 9 derring-do. The two words durring, 
dorryng, daring, vbl. sb. from durran, dorren to 
Dare, and don, do, pres. inf. of Do »v., literally 
daring to do, which, bya chain of misunderstandings 
and errors, have come to be treated as a kind of 
substantive combination, taken to mean, Daring 
action or feats, ‘ desperate courage’, 

The words come incidentally in their ordinary sense and 
construction followed by the object ‘that’ (=what, that 
which) in Chaucer’s Troylus ; whence, in an imitative pas- 
sage by Lydgate, in an absolute construction more liable to 
misunderstanding ; Lydgate’s dorryng do was misprinted in 
the 16th c. editions (1513 and 1555) derv-ynge do, in which form 
it was picked up by Spenser and misconstrued as a subst. 
phrase, explained in the Glossary to the Sheph. Cal. as 

manhood and chevalrie’. Modern romantic writers, led b: 
Sir W. Scott, have taken it from Spenser, printed it derrin, 
do, and accentuated the erroneous use. - 

€ 1374 Cuaucer 77oylus v. 837 Mb foo was neuere yn-to 
no wight ..in no degre secounde, In dorryng don [v.77 
duryng do, dorynge to do] bat longeth to a knyght .. His 
herte ay wib pe firste and wip be beste Stod paregal, to dorre 


DERVISH. 


don [v. 77, durre to do, dore don] that hym leste. 1430 Lync. 
Chron. Troy u. xvi.(MSS. Digby 232 If. 56 a/2; 230 If. 81 a/1), 
And parygal, of manhode and of dede, he [Troylus] was to 
any pat I can of rede, In dorryng [v. x7. doryng(e] do, this 
noble worby wyght, Ffor to fulfille pat longeb to a kny3t, 
The secounde Ector .. he called was. [edd. 1513, 1555 
In derrynge do, this noble worthy wyght.] 1579 SpENsrR 
Sheph, Cal. Oct. 65 For ever who in derring doe were dreade, 
‘The loftie verse of hem was loved aye. [Gloss., In derring 
doe, in manhood and chevalrie.) — /é7d. Dec. 43, I durst 
in derring do [y7sfr, to] compare With shepheards swayne. 
1590 — #, Q. 1. iv. 42 Drad for his derring doe and bloody 
deed. 1596 /é7d. vi. v. 37 A man of mickle name, Renowned 
much in armes and derring doe. 1820 Scorr /vanhoe xxix, 
Singular. .if there be two who can do a deed of such derring- 
do. [Note. Derring-do, desperate courage.) 1843 Lytton 
Last Bar.t. vi, Such wonders and derring-do are too solemn 
for laughter. 1866 G. W. Dasent Gis?i 107 Such a deed of 
derring-do would long be borne in mind, 1885 Burton Arad, 
Nts. (1887) III. 433 Who is for duello, who is for derring-do, 
who is for knightly devoir? P 

So + Derring doers, daring doers; + Derring- 
deed ; + DER-DOING, q.v. 

1596 Spenser /’. Q. 1v. ii. 38 Dreadful derring dooers. 1633 
P. Frercuer Purple Jsl. v1. v. 66 ‘Vhat Mantuan swain, who 
chang’d his slender reed .. From Corydon to ‘Turnus derring- 
deed. 

Derringer (derindga1). U.S. [from the sur- 
name of the inventor, a gunsmith in U.S.]_ A small 
pistol with large bore, very effective at short range. 
Also attrib. 

1856 B. Harte Poems, Dow's Flat, With a shovel and pick 
on his shoulder, and a derringer hid in his breast. 1876 
Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly Prol., Yo have both bowie 
and Derringer ready to hand. 1890 Cen/ury Mag. Jan. 
435/t A large derringer bullet had entered the back of the 
head [of Pres. Lincoln]. ' 

Jig. 1890 Daily News 4 Dec. 5/2 Tiny tomes, literary der- 
ringers for the waistcoat pocket. 

Derry (deri). A meaningless word in the 
refrains of popular songs; ence, a ballad or set 
of verses. 

@1553 Upatt Royster D. . iii, (Arb.) 36 With chip and 
cherie Heyh derie derie. 1860 Borrow Sleeping Bard 50 
If one can patch together any nonsensical derry, he is styled 
a graduate bard. 

Derth(e, obs. form of DEARTH. 

Derue: see DERF @., DERVE v. 

+Deruwncinate, v. 00s. rare~°. 
stem of L. déruncinare to plane off.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Deruncinate, to cut off or pill away 
that which is superfluous. 

Hence + Deruncination. 

1706 Puituips (ed. Kersey), Deruncination(in Husbandry), 
a cutting off Trees, Bushes, etc. or any thing that incumbers 
the Ground. Hence in Battery, Asu, etc. 

Deruralize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Derure, compar. of Derr a. Obs. 

+ Derve, v. Ods. Forms: 1 deorfan, 2-4 
derue(n; fa ¢. 3 derfde, 4 deruede ; fa. pfle. 3 
idoruen, idorve, iderued, 4 deruet. [ME. derven 
str. and weak ; the str. vb. app. = OE. deorfan (pa. 
t. dearf, durfon, pa. pple. dorfen) to labour: besides 
this there probably existed a causal weak vb. dzer- 

San (dterfde) to cause to labour, afflict, grieve ; 
confusion of this with the strong vb., as in Bury, 
etc. would account for the ME. forms and sense. 
OE. deorfan was app. cognate with the stem of 
OF ris. forderva, and OLFrankish fardurvon, transl. 
‘perierunt’ Ps. xxii. 19.] 

L. ¢ntr. To labour. (Only in OE.) 

a@rooo in Thorpe Hom. II. 516/26 (Bosw.) Ne widcwede 
ic to deorfenne gyt, gif ic nydbehefe eom gyt dinum folce. 

2. ¢rans. To trouble, grieve, hurt, afflict, molest. 

c 1205 Lay. 8731 Hunger him derfde. /d/d. 18715 Swide 
he murnede, his mod wes iderued. @ 1225 Ancr. KR. 106 He 
was idoruen in alle his odre wittes. @1240 Lofsong in Cott. 
Hom. 21 Ppinge pat me derued mest. c 1320 Cast. Love 676 
None kunnes asaylyng Ne may him deruen. a@ 1375 Yoseph 
Arim. 47 Beo pou no ping a-dred, for non schal pe derue. 

absol. ax2z25 Ancr. RX. 112 A lutel ihurt i pen efe derued 
more ben ded a muchel ide hele. 7 ' 

+Derverye. Olds. rare. [a. OF. derverie, 
desverte, madness, f, derver, desver, to lose one’s 
reason, go mad, (Cf. Kcerting, 2441.)] Madness. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x. vii, Withdrawe thyn herte fro 
such rage and derverye. 

Dervish (dé1vif). Forms: 6-9 dervis, 7-9 
dervise, (7 dervice, dervys, dervisse, -iche, 
dervize, derwis, darvish, derveesh), 7— der- 
vish, (8 derwish, 9 dirvesh, darwesh, dur- 
waysh,-weesh). [a. Pers. i) 139 darvésh, darvish 


poor, a religious mendicant, a friar, in Arab. dar- 
wesh, darwish, Turkish dervish, the latter being 
the immediate source of the European forms: cf. 
It. dervis, F. dervis, derviche (in 1559 derviss), Sp. 
derviche, Ger. derwisch. Some of the variant 
spellings represent Arabic and Persian forms of the 
word. (The native Arabic equivalent is hs Sagir 
poor, fakir.)] 1 

A Mohammedan friar, who has taken vows of 
poverty and austere life. Of these there are various 
orders, some of whom are known from their fan- 
tastic practices as dancing or whirling, and as 
howling dervishes. 

30* 


[f. ppl. 


DERWENTER. 


Pr Ap Wasutncton tr. Nicholay's Voy. m1, xvii: 102 The 
sect of the religious Turkes called Dervis. did. 
102 b, These devoute Dervis live of almes. 1625 Purcnas 
Pilgrims U1. 1x. 1611 An order of Derueeshes, that turne 
round with Musike in their Diuine Seruice, 1632 Lirncow 
Trav. vu. 316 Priests called Darvishes, 1635 Pacitr Chris- 
tianogr. 1. iii. (1636) 200 A Dervice, or religious man of 
theirs. Sir T, Hersert Trav. (1677) he Dervisse 
an order of 


ing Friar. 1728 Morcan A /giers I. vi. 186 
A _wanderin, Dictate a devout Moor. 1 Trav. C. 
Thompson Til. 267 They are not the dancing ises, of 
which Sort there are none in Egypt. 1818 Jas, Mitt Brit, 
India 1, ut. iii. 510 A Dirvesh, or professor of piety. 1821 
Byron }uan 1. xxix, Like dervises, who turn as on a pivot. 
1832 G. A. Herxtors tr. Customs Moosulmans 206 The first 
class of a is denominated Sadik. 1847 Emerson 
Poems, Saadi Wks. (Bohn) 1. 475 Barefooted Dervish is not 
poor, If fate unlock his bosom's door. 1852 E, B. Eastwick 


tr. Bagh o Bahdr 10 Adventures of the Four Darweshes. 
1869 Pall Mall G. 7 Jan. 10 Whirling about all round you 


like dancing dervishes. 1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile ii. 37 
And now, their guttural chorus audible long before they 
arrived in sight, came the howling dervishes. 

attrib, 1704 J. Pitts Acc. Mahometans vii. (1738) 125 
Give themselves up toa Dervise sort of Life. HAFF 
Encycl. Relig. Knowl, W11, 1810 This pantheistic dervish 
system. 

Hence De‘rvishhood, the estate or condition of 
adervish. De-rvishism, the principles and prac- 
tice of the Dervishes; the Dervish system. Der- 
vish-like a. 

1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. Introd. (1863) 22 
Asceticism .. strangely uncouth, and dervish-like. 1865 
Sat. Rev. 4 Feb. 144/2 Dr. Vambery wandered, because he 
has the genuine wild spirit of Dervishism strong within him, 
1884 BrowninG Ferishtah g Half-way on Dervishhood, not 
wholly there. 

Derwenter (d31wéntar). Australia. [named 
from the river Derwent in Tasmania, on the banks 
of which was a convict settlement.] A released 
convict. 

1884 Bo_prewoop A/elb, Mem. xx. 140 An odd pair of 
Sawyers, generally ‘ Derwenters’ as the Tasmanian expirees 
were called. 1892 in Lentzner Australian |W ord-bk, 20. 


Dery, Deryge, obs. forms of Datry, DirGe. 

Derye, var. DERE v. Ods., to hurt. 

Des, obs. form of Das, Dice. 

Des- in obs. words: see DEc-, DEsc-, DEss-, Dis-. 

Des- prefix. Regular Romanic form of L. dis-, 
in Olt., Sp., Pg., Pr., OF r.; in mod.Fr. retained (as 
dés-) before a vowel or silent 2 (déshadil/é), other- 
wise reduced to dé- (OF. descharge, mod. décharge). 
In some cases apparently representing a late L. de- 
ex-, for L.ex-. Partly from the frequent substitution 
of dts-, des-, for L. dé- in late L. and Romanic (see 
De- prefix 6), partly through the phonetic reduction 
of des- to dé- in later French, the two prefixes have 
in that language largely fallen together under the 
mod.¥. d@é-, Early OF. words passed into English 
with the prefix in the form des- (gescharge, ME. 
descharge); here it was sometimes, in conformity 
with later OF. pronunciation, reduced to de- (OF. 
desmembre, demembre, ME. demembre); but usually 
the s was retained, and the prefix at length changed 
back to the L. type dzs- (discharge, dismembre, also 
spelt dys-) as was also done to some_extent in 
French itself (descorde, now discorde). 

In English, therefore, des- is merely the earlier 
form of Dis- in words from OF., e g. desarm, des- 
blame, descharge, desclaundre, descolour, desdain, 

. desembogue, desere (=deshetr), deserite (disherit), 
desgyse, deshonour, desinteressed, desjoyne, desjune, 
desmail, desmay, desmesure, desordein, desordere, 
desparage, desparple, despend, despense, despeople, 
desplay, desport, despreve (=disprove), despute, 
desray, destempre, desturb, destribute, etc. All 
these have a later form in D1s-, under which they 
are treated in this Dictionary, Only a few words 
became obsolete before dis- forms appeared. The 
prefix is exceptionally retained in descant, and it 
is occasionally found for Dx- before a vowel, in 
chemical terms from modern French, as desoxalic, 
desoxybenzoin, + desoxydate. In despatch, modern 
var. of Dispatcu, the spelling des- is not historical, 


but originated in an 18th c. etymological error. 

There are many words beginning with des- in which the 
s belongs to the root-word, and the P sserr is de-,as descry, 
describe, descend, deserve, despair, despite, despoil, destroy. 
From confusion of these with words in which des- is the pre- 
fix, they also were in late ME, often spelt with dis- (discry, 
discribe, etc.). And, onthe other hand, words in @7- followed 
by s- were sometimes confused with words in dis- prefix, 
and so also written des- (destinct, destress, etc.). Both these 
errors have been corrected in the later orthography. 

+ Desacrate, v. Ols. rare—°. [f. L. désacrat-, 
ppl. stem of désacrare to consecrate, 

1727 Baier vol. II, 70 Desacrate, to consecrate or dedi- 
cate, 


Desaife, Desait(e, obs. ff. Decrive, DEcrrr. 

+ Desa‘rcinate, v. Ols. rare—°. [f. D-II. 1 
+L, sarcina bundle, burden, *sarcindre to burden 
(sarcinatus burdened).] 


—- Biount Glossogr., Desarcinate, to unload, or un- 
burthen, to catanghee ; : 


234 


Hence Desarcination. 

1730-6 Battey (folio), Desarcination, a taking of baggage, 
an unloading. Hence in Asn. 

Desarde, obs. form of Diczr. 

1538 Bate 7hre Lawes 1396 Counterfet desardes. 
Sa obs. form of Desert, DEssERT. 

Desaster, obs. form of DisAsTER. 

Desate, Desave, obs. ff. Decrrr, DEcEIvE. 

Desaxonize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Desayue, Desayvabel, obs. forms of DECEIVE, 
- ABLE. 

Desblame,.var. of DIsBLaME v. Ods. 

Desc-, obs. spelling of Deo-, Des-, Disc-, Diss-. 

|| Des (deskamisa‘do). [Sp.; = 
shirtless, f. des- =D18-+camisa shitt+-apo. Cf. 
sans-culotte.| A nickname given to the ultra- 
liberals in the Spanish revolutionary war of 1820-23, 
and still sometimes used in an analogous sense. 

1823 Blackw. Mag. X1V. 514 Men of liberal ideas, and .. 
members of the Descamisados. 1827 Harr Guesses Ser. 11. 
(1867) 542 What is the folly of the descamisados but man's 
stripping himself of the fig-leaf. 1877 Wraxatt //ugo's 
Miserables 1. xxiii. 12 We are going to the abyss, and the 
descamisados have led us to it. 

Descant (de'sként), sd. Forms: 4-5 des- 
chaunt, 5-6 dyscant, 6-9 dis-, 6- descant. [a. 
OF. deschant (13th c. and in Cotgr.), also ONF. 
descaunt, descant, rarely dis-, mod.¥. déchant, = Pr. 
deschans, Sp. discante, Pg. descante, ad. med.L. 
discant-us part-song, refrain, descant, f. L. dis- 
asunder, apart + cantus singing, song. The form 
directly from OF. was used by Wyclif; a form in 
dis- immediately from L. occurs from the 15th c., 
and would be normal for English (see D1s-).] 

I. Music. Now only Hist., or poet. 

1. A melodious accompaniment to a simple 
musical theme (the f/ainsong), sung or played, 
and often merely extemporized, above it, and thus 
forming an air to its bass: the earliest form of 
counterpoint. 

hal ycLir Wks. (1880) 77 Grete crying of song as 
deschaunt, contre note and orgene. ?¢1475.Sg7. lowe Degre 
790 Your quere nor organ songe shall wante, With countre 
note, and dyscant. 1501 Doucas Pad. Hon,1. xiii, I play 
and sing, Fabourdoun, pricksang, discant, countering. 1591 
Suaks. Two Gent. 1. i. 94 You are too flat, And marre the 
concord, with too harsh a descant. 1595 Srenser Efithal. v, 
The merry Larke hir mattins sings aloft; The Thrush re- 
plyes; the Mavis descant playes, 1683 CHALKHILL 7healma 
& Cl. 100 Sweet lays Wrought with such curious descant as 
would raise Attention ina stone. 1762 Cuurcuitt Poems, 
Proph. Famine, The youth .. skill’d in rustic lays, Fast by 
her side his am'rous descant plays. 1881 MAcFARREN 
Counterp.i. 1 Descant seems to have been the art of im- 
provising a melodic accompaniment to a fixed song. 

Jig. 1641 Wither in R. Palmer Bh. of Praise xxvii. 28 
To this Concert when we sing Whistling winds your descants 
bring. 1659 Rownotuam Gate Lang. Uni. Pref. (1664) 
E vij, The descant of meeter hath often corrupted the plain- 
song of truth. 1865 F. G. Lee Direct. Angl. § 116. 110 
Canticles (a descant of praise on the Lessons). 

+b. Base descant, binding descant: see quots, 
Double descant: double counterpoint. Plain des- 
cant: pa or simple counterpoint. Ods. 

1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 76 awe, ee notes for 


DESCANT. 


5. An instrumental prelude, consisting of varia 
tions on a given ’ ; 
Mitton Educ., Exercise, While the skilful Organist 


ies hi and fancied descant in lofty F 
Blac Ch oyu 58 foot-n., By Discant, the Masiciane of 


ig. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xvii, 
204 That liar speci prelusive flourish, or d 
with which Reviewers are accustomed to usher in the Per- 
formance under immediate examination. 

II. Transferred uses: often with distinct refer- 
ence to the plainsong or ground, and in the phrases 
run or sing descant. 

+6. Variation from that which is ical or 
customary; an instance of this. Shift of descant : 
a change of ‘ tune’, i.e. of argumentative position, 
1563-87 Foxe A. & MM. (1684) III. 621 Whereas you say, 
they eat it spiritually, that is but a blind shift of descant. 
1581 J. Bevt //. 's Answ. Osor, 119 Osorius lacketh 
not a shift of descante here, thinkyng thereby to craze the 
force of veritie. 1633 P. Frercuer Purple /s/. vin. xliv. 117 
Runnes nimble d on the plaii vices. 1642 Futter 
Holy & Prof. St.m. xiii. 184 Running, Leaping, and Danc- 
ing, the descants on the rey song of walking. a 1661 — 
Worthies (1840) 1. 224 Their {basket} making is daily im- 
proved with much descant of art. Ba fd Appison Sfect. No. 
543 P 4 Providence has shewn.. Wisdom. .in the multiplicity 
of Descants which it has made on every Original Species. 
7. Varied comment on a theme, amplification of 
a subject; a comment, criticism, observation, re- 
mark ; + occas. censorious criticism, carping (pds.}. 
1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, ui. vii. 49 On that ground Ile make 
aholy Descant. 1599 Nasue Lenten Stuffe (1871) 36 The 
wantoner sort of them sing descant on their mistress’s 
1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 320 Let not calumny 
runne descant on your tongue. Furrer Holy War u. 
xlvi. (1840) 114 Roger Hoveden’s witty descant on the time. 
1642 Rocers Naaman 209 If thy Religion should cost thee 
some disgrace, scorne and descant. 1 H. L’Estrance 
| Chas. I (1655) 7 It doth. .render King Charles obnoxious to 
| untoward and sinister descants. a 1677 Barrow Serm.Wks. 

1716 I. 29 Neither shall I make any descant or reflection 
thereon. 1710 Moderation & Loyalty of the Dissenters 
ee 3 Rendering Things worse than they were b: 
Partiallity and Discant. 1 WPER Jask 1. 77 Wi 
merry descants on a nation’s woes, 1820 Sue.iey Let. to 
Maria Gisborne Poet. Wks. (1891) 373/t There are themes 
enough for many a bout Of thought-entangled descant. 

b. A disquisition, dissertation, discourse, 
| 16a2 Donne Serm. xvi. 162 The fathers have infinitely 

delighted th 1 in this Di the bl 1 effect of 
holy teares, 1667 Waternouse /ire Lond. 177 O remember 
the Prophetical descant of glorious King James. 1713 
Appison Guardian No. 102 After this short descant on the 
uncertainty of our English weather. 179 Paine Rights of 
Max (ed. 4) 46, 1 have now to follow Mr. Burke op pam 
sort of descant wy governments. 1841 D'IsraeLt Amen, 
Lit. (1867) 196 He instructed the world by ethical descants. 

III. 8. attrib, and Comd, descant-clef, the 
soprano or treble clef; descant-viol, the treble 


viol, or violin, which Hs the air or soprano part. 


1728 Nortn Mem. of: ‘usick (1846) 67 No wonder .. that 
organs .. with the at last d the 
churches. 


one in the descant .. is cc i g 

Ibid. 86 Base descant .. is that kinde of descanting, where, 
your sight of taking and vsing your cordes must be vnder 
the plainsong. /d/d.105 Double descant. .is verie neere the 
nature ofa Conon. which being sung after diuers sortes, by 
changing the partes, maketh diuers manners of harmonie. 

2. The soprano or highest part of the score in 
part-singing. 

1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agripfpa’s Van. Artes 30 While the 
children braie the Discante. 1609 Dovtanp Ornithop. 
Microl, 83 Discantus is the rmost part of each Song. 
1644 Sir E. Derinc PYop. Sacr. Ciij, Children neigh forth 
the descant. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl, Relig. Knowl. 111, 2025 
Composed for three voices—descant, tenor, and bass, 

3. gen. A warbled song, a melodious strain. 

1576 Gascoicne Philomene 6 To heare the descant of the 
Nightingale, 1625 Witner Sheph. Hunt, pr peed: 
393 The cage doth some birds And... Will teach them 
sweeter descants than the wood. 1742 Gray Sonnet on 
Death of West 3 The birds in vain their amorous descant 
join. 1877 Bryant Poems, Waiting by Gate ii, 1 hear the 
wood-thrush piping one low descant more. 

4. The art of singing or writing music in parts ; 
musical composition, harmony ; also, a harmonized 


harmony with a fixed theme; gen. to warble, sing 
lannsoade; also in phr. ¢o descant it. ; 

ing you must .. cordes. ye 

(re 3) 772 They will. .sing so sweetly, and withall descant it 
so faely and tunably, 


Dict. Mu . 1. Gyo Tile nie siote of Geeataeg 1887 Bowrn 
ic ‘S. 


Virg. aa ord vi. 8, I with upon sylvan 
themes descant. 
+b. trans. mnt in ‘ descant’ (words, etc.). 

1538 Starkey Zng 1. iv. 134 The wordys [of Church 
music] be so straunge and so dyuersely descantyd. 

2. intr. To make remarks, comments, or observa- 
as to comment (on, upon, + of a text, theme, 
etc.). 


those crosse beginnings. 1649 Miro ¢ 
on the misfortunes of 4 Person fall'n from ar pele com- 


ting together of sundry voices or ds for ig of 
harmony.. But in this signification it is seldome vsed. 


Into a descant of her own Hath 4 
3871 0. Rev. No. 261. 158 The notion of playing two different 
notes in successive harmony to one of longer duration, or 
the art of descant, had not occurred to any one, 1882 
Rockstro in Grove Dict. Music 111, 269 [Counterpoint] was 
«. evol! slow from Diaphonia, Discant, and 
Organum, 


x Nigeser ang * at, I, 
d t upon thei ats its. 179% 
Jacun 5 Aug. = ae, He used to descant critically on 
the di§hes which been at table, 1850 Kincstey Alt, 
Locke vi, He ran on descanting coarsely on beauties, 
b. To discourse at large, enlarge (fon, on a 
ae evinont nea Les ‘The friar rather des- 
Fu Worthi f 
eel een aan one ee Kames in M. Donovan 
73 


his address in catchi animal. 1791 Gouv, Morris 
in Seats L $ Writ (832) I. 353 AvbPSyeris, of 
\ with much self-sufficiency on go 7 


DESCANTER. 


362 Johnson never accustomed himself to descant on the 
ingratitude of mankind. 1878 GLapstonr Prim. Homer 9 
It was the bard’s duty to descant upon the freshest and 
most interesting subjects. 

+3. ¢rans. To comment on, discourse about, 
discuss ; occas. to criticize, carp at. Ods. 

1627 F. E. Hist. Edw. JI (1680) 53 Where they might des- 
cant their griefs, 1642 Rocers Naaman 376 Such secrets as 
these must be .. adored, not descanted. a 1649 Drumm. or 
Hawrn. Poems Wks. (1711) 31 But who can descant right 
your grave aspects ? " eek x 

+4. intr. To work with intricate variation ov ; 
to fashion with artistic skill. Ods. rare. 

a@ 1661 FULLER Worthies (1840) I. 397 Lace, costing nothing 
save a little thread descanted on by art and industry. Zd7d. 
III. 90 The God of nature is pleased to descant on a plain 
hollowness with such wonderful contrivances, 

Descanter (déskentaz). [f. prec. + -ER1.] 

1. One who sings or plays the ‘descant’. Ods. 
exc. Hist. 

1538 Starkey England 1. iii. 80 Curyouse descanterys and 
deuysarys of new songys. 1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. 70 
A Descanter..[is] one that can extempore sing a part upon 
a playne song. 1879 Parry in Grove Dict, Mus. I. 671 De 

uris. .speaks with great bitterness of extempore descanters. 

2. One who holds forth or discourses. 

be Foster £ss. 1v. iv. 180 A descanter on the invisible 
world who makes you think of a popish cathedral. 

Descanting (déskz«ntin), vd/. 5d. [fas prec. 
+-ING1.] The action of the vb. DrscanT: a. 
singing in ‘descant’; b. commenting, disquisi- 
tion. 

1538 Starkey England 1. iv.137 Our Curyouse dyscantyng 
and conteryng [frznfed canteryng]in Churchys. 1561 Daus 
tr. Bullinger on Afpoc. (1573) 12 A wonderfull descantyng 
vpon letters. 1575 Brief Disc. Troubles Franckford (1846) 
206 The trollinge and descantinge off the Psalmes. 1680 
Burnet Rochester (T.), The descantings of fanciful men 
upon them [the Scriptures]. 1851 GLapstone Géean, VI. 
xxi. 14, I waive descanting on personal qualities. 

Desca‘nting, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING*.] 
Commenting, criticizing: in quot. criticizing cen- 
soriously, carping. 

1594 J. Dickenson Avisbas (1878) 28 ‘To shield me from 
_ the descanting verdites of such vnfriendly readers. 
Descater, obs, form of DisscarreER v. 
Descece, -ces(s, obs. forms of DECEASE. 
Desceit, desceiue, obs. ff. Decrir, DECEIVE. 


+ Desce'nce, desce'nse. 02s. Forms: 4 
dissence, 5 descens, dyscens, 5-6 descense, 6 
discence, 6-7 descence. [Two forms: ME. 
descens, a. OF. descens masc., ad. L. déscensus 
descent, descending, f. déscendére; also ME. ae- 
scense, a. OF. descense fem., ad. late L. type déscensa 
(déscésa), fem. sb. f. déscensus, pa. pple. of déscen- 
dére, analogous to sbs. in -ata, -ada, -ée: cf. It. 
descesa, The spelling descence app. represents the 
descens form : see DEFENCE.] 

1. A going or coming down; =DEscENT I. 

1543 Wecess. Doctr. in Formul, Faith 234 lesu Christ's 
life, death, burial, and descense to hell. 1582-8 /ist. 
James VI (1804) 278 In his discence .. he come fornent the 
Colledge of Justice. 1600 Asp, Assor Exp, Yonah 219 We 
all do hold the article of Christ’s descense into Hell. 

b. Extension downwards: cf. DESCEND v. 2. 

1578 Banister Hist, Man 1. 8 The descense of y* Sagittal 
Suture is not common either in Than or woman. 

2. concr. A downward slope; a way down; = 
Descent 2, 2 b. 

a3440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 40 From the highe 
descense of heuynnes .. hedir I descende. 1618 Botton 
Florus u. vi. 108 The very jawes of the first descence from 
the Alps into Italy. : 

3. fe a. ? Dejection, depression of spirits. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 166 b, In suche descense 
it [the mynde] is moost apte to distraccyons & waueryng 
fantasyes. ‘ 

b. Bringing down or lowering in estimation ; 
depreciation. 

1g60 Rottanp Crt. Venus 1. 287 That hir honour distres 
thoill nor ruine : Nor suffer it in na way haif discence. 

4. a. Genealogical extraction; =DEscENT 7. 

¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1x. xxvi. 106 In lineale Descens fra 
Sanct Margret. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 281 Soe the 
linealle descense of the B show tf or kynrede of Feramundus 
faylede by men, 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge u. 1212 Son 


to duke Leoffwin Lda discence. 1§13 DoucLas “nets 


ut. iii, 39 From that ilk prince..Is the descence of our 
genealogy. 2 
b. Transmission by inheritance ; = DESCENT Io. 
¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. II. 402 Dissence of heritage. 
Descend (disend), v. Also 4 dessende, di- 
send, dyssente, decend, 4-7 discend(e, 4-6 
descende, (5-6 dyscend), (6 desend). a. ¢. 
and pple, descended; 4-5 descend, 5 discent, 
6 discend. [a. F. descend-re (11th c, in Littré) 
=Pr. deissendre, It. descendere, Sp. descender :—L. 
descendtre, f. Dr- I. 1 + scandére to climb. In 
early times often treated as if the prefix were Dxs- 
(q-v.) and the stem -cend, -send, -end, whence the 
variant spellings in ds-, dys-, de-.] 
I. Intransitive senses. 
* To move down or into a lower position. 
1. To move or pass from a higher to a lower 
position.in space; to come or. go down, fall, sink. 


235 


(The general word, including all kinds of down- 
ward motion, vertical or oblique; the opposite of 
ascend.) 

1325 Prose Psalter x\viii. 18 [xlix. 17] His glorie ne shal 
nou3t descenden wyp hym. c1325 Z. £. Addit. P. A. 626 
As sone as bay arn borne bylyue In be water of baptem bay 
dyssente. a@ 1330 Roland § V’. 131 Pan decended a liztnesse, 
Doun riztes fram pe heuen blis. 1393 Gower Conf. IIT. 94 
The moist droppes of the rein Descenden into middel erthe. 
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 143 Pat he may not discende 
downward. cx1450 Mirour Saluacioun 505 A man some 
tyme fro Jerusalem descendande. 1590 Six J. Smytu Disc. 
Weapons 35, Those furious Rebells .. descended downe 
their hil with such a furie. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s 
Eromena 193, 1 passed to the Nile descending on it at my 
leasure to the sea. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxiil. 
86 ‘The water iebcundeY up so high that when it came to 
descend again it fell as small as dew. /d/d. Ixi. 251 ‘The 
two Priests descended from their Pulpits. 1728 PemperTon 
Newton's Philos. 194 The earth in moving round the sun 
is continually descending toward it. 1790 W. WriGute 
Grotesque Archit. 7 The two wings..are each descended to 
by a flight of four steps. 1823 F. Cxissorp Ascent Mt. 
Blane 19 From the heights of the mountain .. immense 
avalanches often descend. 1875 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. 
iv. (ed. 5) 44 In the autumn of 799 Charles descended from 
the Alps once more. ~ 

b. fig. said of immaterial agents, influences, etc. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 10884 (Cott.) And godds might in be [sal] 
descend. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) ix. 36 Intill his awen 
heued his wikkidness schall descend. ?a1g00 I/ycket (1828) 
p. xiv, Ye say that the manhoode of Christe descendeth into 
eche part of euery hoost. 1725 Pore Odyss.1v. 1012 And on 
the suitors let thy wrath descend. 1806 J. Fornes Lett. /*. 
France 11. 400 The shades of evening began to descend. 
1871 R. Extis Catudlus |, 10 Sleep nor quiet upon my eyes 
descended. 2 

+e. To disembark, land from a vessel; to alight 
from a horse, carriage, etc. Ods. (as a specific sense). 

¢1477 Caxton ¥ason 73b, They ben in entencion for to 
descende in colchos. cx [see DescenpinG véd. sb. 1). 

1513 Doucias 42ne/s vu. 1. 22 To schaw..How Troianis 
war discend in Latium. 1548 Hatt Chron. 176 b, They left 
their horses, & discended to fight on fote. 1600 E. BLount 
tr. Conestageio 263 Having viewed the [and fortified on all 
parts where he might descend. 

d. Astron., etc. Of a heavenly body: (a) To 
move towards the horizon, sink. (4) To move 
southwards ; see also DESCENDING Af/. a. 5. 

1391 Cuaucer Astrol. u. § 12 Than fond I the[2] degree 
of libra. .dessending on my west Orisonte. ¢ 1500 Lancelot 
972 The sone discending closit in the vest. 1559 W. CuNNING- 
HAM Cosmogr. Glasse 23 The signes in equall tymes do 
ascend and descende. 1667 Miron P. ZL. 1v. 541 The setting 
Sun Slowly descended. 1690 Leysourn Curs, Math. 832 
Mars. .from the Northern limit. .to ¢?..is North descending. 
1830 Hoce lodden Field, Sol with broadened orb descend- 
ing Left fierce warriors still contending. 1882 SHARPLESS 
Astron. 21 If these northern or circumpolar stars be watched 
..such as are to the west of the pole will descend, 

te. Zo descend into or within oneself: to betake 
oneself to deep meditation or consideration. Ods. 

a1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 338 To move the 
hartis..of the trew servandis of God..to discend within 
thame selfis and deiplie to considder quhat shalbe the end of 
this pretended tyranny. 1594 T. B. La Primaud, Fr. 
Acad, 11. 11 Those Philosophers that..descended not into 
themselues, to know themselues and their nature. 1671 

Mitton P. R. 1. 111 The while her Son..with holiest 
meditations fed, Into himself descended, and at once All his 
great work to come before him set. ; 

2. transf. To have a downward extension, direc- 
tion, or slope; to slope or extend downwards. 

c1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 4 A lyne pat cometh dessend- 
inge fro the ryng down to the gethieeste bordure. ¢ 1400 

Maunpev. (1839) xxv. 259 It strecchethe toward the West 
+ descendynge toward the litille Armenye. 1600 J. Pory 
tr. Leo's Africa 11. 236 Their streetes either descend or 
ascend, which is verie troublesome. 1684 R. H. School 
Recreat. 120 The dash Lines..are added only when the 
Notes ascend above the Staff, or descend below it. 1798 
H. Sxrine Tours Wales 155 With a gateway at each ex- 
tremity, as the hill descends. 1894 Christian World 27 Sep. 
712/t To your right .. the fields descend from your feet to 
the Chesil Beach. 

Jig. 1678 Cupwortn Jxtell, Syst. 445 See, how the order 
and chain of this government descends down by steps and 
degrees, from the ones God to the Earth and Men. 

3. To come down with or as a hostile force; to 
make an incursion or attack ; to fall violently zor. 
(Cf. ComE down g.) 

1430 Lyps. Bochas 1, viii. (1544) 15 b, Zisara, which was 
discendid doun With a great hoost. 1548 Hatt Chron. 227 b, 
The kyng of England your master, is neither descended in 
these es of his owne fre mocion, nor yet of us requyred. 
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 188 That the Turke woulde 
descend upon his realme of Naples 1887 Bowen Virg. 
neid 1. 527 Not upon Libya's hearths to descend wit 
sword and with fire. 7 

+4. fig. To submit, yield. Ods. rare. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 134 In pes with 30w to 
lyue, & at 30ur conseil descend. bid, 270 To what manere 
oes pe parties wille descend. an 

. To proceed (in discourse or writing) to some- 
thing subsequent in time or order, or (esf.) from 
generals to particulars. 

1340 Ayenb. 123 Erpan ich decendi to pe uirtues bet by ep 
contraries to be zeue zennes. ¢ 1380 Wycur Sed. Wks. 111. 
513 To discende doun in eee fful mane articlis..ben 
openly contrarie to pe apostlis reule. 1576 Freminc Panopl. 
Ppist, 406 From thence hee descendeth to particular affayres, 
ax617 Hieron Ws. II. 461 By these degrees did our Sauiour 
discend to this s 1630 PryNNE Anti-Armin. 79 
Descend we unto Edward the VI his pious Raigne. 1657 
Jj. Smiru Myst. Rhet. Ab, Whereby we having spoken of 


DESCEND. 


a thing in general, descend unto particulars. 1797 Burke 

egic. Peace iii, Wks. VIII. 380 But let us descend to par- 
ticulars. 1827 Macaucay Ess., Machiavelli (1854) 32/1 
Historians rarely descend to those details from which alone 
the real state of a community can be collected. 

6. ‘To come down ideally, mentally, or morally ; 
to condescend, stoop (40 do something) ; usually in 
bad sense, to stoop to something unworthy. 

1554-9 I. Waterton in Songs §& Ball. Ph. & Mary 
(1860) 9 Hath made wronge ryght, and from the truth 
desendyd. 1608 Br. Haut Char. Virtues & V. 1. 54 If.. 
he descend to disports of chance, his games shall never 
make him..pale with feare. 1626 in Rushw. Hist. Codd. 
(1639) I. 225 He hath descended to make this Explanation. 
1707 Norris 77eat. Husnility iii.g9 ‘To see men..descend 
to the meanest and unworthiest compliances. 1752 JouNSON 
Rambler No, 208 3, I have seldom descended to the arts 
by which favour is obtained. 1813 Byron Giaour xxxii, 
Not oft tosmile descendeth he, 1829 Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 
599 Wordsworth. .descends to such babyisms. 1853 Lyncu 
Self-Improv. y. 129 A man should never descend to his 
company, but he should condescend to it. 

7. To go or come down, fall, or sink, in any scale. 

1608-11 Bre. Hatt Medit. § Vowes u. § 78 Winter comes 
on softly, first by colde dewes, then hoare frostes, untill at 
last it descende to the hardest weather of all. a 1625 
Fietcuer Fa/se One v, ii, Thy glories now have touch’d 
the highest point, And must descend. 

b. Afusic. To proceed to a lower note; to go 
down the scale. 

1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus, 81 It is ynpossible to ascende 
or descende in continuall deduction without a discord, 1674 
Prayrorp S222 Mus. ut. 4 If the Notes descend a second. 
1706 A. Beprorp Temple Alus. ix. 176 A Tune, which con- 
sisted of only Three Notes in Compass, Rising gradually in 
the first Part, and descending. .in the Second. 1848 RimBauLt 
First Bk. Piano 35 In the Major Scale the two semitones 
retain their situations, both ascending and descending. 

ec. A/ath. Of series: To proceed from higher to 
lower quantities or powers. See DESCENDING Afi. 


ae 

1876 E. Brooks Philos. Arith. 347 The sum of the terms 
of an infinite series descending equals the first term divided 
by 1 minus the rate. 

** To come down by generation or inheritance. 

8. To be derived in the way of generation; to 
come of, spring from (an ancestor or ancestral 
stock). a. simply fo descend (from or of. Now 
rare in active voice. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 61 Ony male That were in lyne 
ewyn descendand. ¢1425 Wyntoun Cro. 1. xvii. 2 Fra 
Sem discendand lynealy. 1509 Fisner /'n. Sern. C tess 
Richmond Wks, (1876) 290 ‘Vhey..which descended of noble 
lygnage. 1600 SHaxs. 4. V. 2.1. ii. 241 Vhou should’st haue 
better pleas’d me with this deede, Hadst thou descended 
from another house. 1780 Jonnson 1. 72., Congreve, William 
Congreve descended fon a family in Staffordshire. 1788 
Grsson Decl. & F. (1846) IV. xli. 36 Although ‘Theodatus 
descended from a race of heroes. : 

b. Now nearly always in passive, fo de descended 
(from, + of). 

1386 Cuaucer Reeve's 7. 64. 1399 Rolls of Parit, U1. 
423/1, I Henry of Lancastre..am disendit by right lyne 
of the Blode comyng from the gude lord Kyng Henry 
therde. cxz47o0 Harpinc C/ron. (Lansd. MS. 200 fol. 1) So 
lynyall of his generacioun, 3e bene discent. 1513 DouGtas 
/Eneis ut. ii. 54 O 3e dour pepill discend from Dardanus. 
1581 Pertie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i. (1586) 82 b, Sayd to bee 
descended of Gentlemen. 1616 Surri. & Marku. Country 
Farme 674 If a dog be not wel descended .. there can be 
little hope of his goodnesse. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 78 P 8 
We are descended of ancient Families. 1818 Cruise Digest 
(ed. 2) III. 357 Such other collateral relations as were de- 
scended from the person who first acquired it. : 

ec. fig. To be derived, originate. (Const. as in 
a and b.) 

c1400 Afol. Loll. 2x Contumacy descendend of swilk 
crime. 1645 N. Stone Enchir. Fortif. 81 It would be vain 
to write the Etymologies of each word, much lesse those 
descended of the Greeke. @1726 Cottirr Agst, Despair 
(J.), Despair descends from a mean original ; the offspring 
of fear, laziness, and impatience. : 

+d. ¢rans. To trace down (lineage). Ods. rare. 

1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath, Whose Genealogie .. may 
lineally be descended to your Honour. 

9. intr. Of property, privileges, etc.: To come 
down by way of inheritance ; to pass to an heir. 

1486 Bk. St. Alban's, Her. C viij b, Bot the possessionis & 
the patrimonyes descendid to other men, 1512 dct 4 Hen. 
VIII, c.13 The premisses with ther appurtenaunces de- 
cended unto John last Duke of Norff. 1631 Goucr God's 
Arrows iii, § 93. 353. The Crowne and Kingdome by just 
and unquestionable title descended on her. 1667 Ducness 
or Newcastie Life Dk. N. (1886) 138 A good estate in the 
west, which afterwards descended upon my Lord. 1668 
Hare Pref. Rolle's Abridgem. 7 Lands in Fee-simple dis- 
cend to the Uncle and not immediately to the Father. 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 445 The defendant .. pleaded .. 
that the said reversion descended. 

b. ézransf. Of personal qualities, etc.: To pass 
by heredity ; to be transmitted to offspring. 

1548 Hatt Chron. 226 Of a certayne privie canker engen- 
dered in the hartes of their forefathers .. and after by lyneall 
succession descended into the stomackes of their nephewes. 
1713 STEELE Englishman No. 28. 182 The eternal Mark of 
having had a wicked Ancestor descends to his Posterity. 
1843 Lever ¥. Hinton iv. (1878) 20 Our principles may come 
from our fathers; our prejudices certainly descend from the 
female branch. 


II. Transitive senses. [Not in L.; both in Fr.] 
+10. (causal.) To cause to descend ; to bring or 

send down. Ods. . ‘ 
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 21/1 Assoylle the ey 
-2 


whan 


DESCEND. 


thou descendest into helle them of thy partye. 1g09 Hawes 
Past. Pleas. xxvu, xxi, 1 shew my power in every sundry 
wyse, Some to ie and on some to aryse. 77 
Feutruam Resolves 1. xiii. 22 As steps that d us 
towards our Graues. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. i. iv. 
267 The Seminal Tincture of the Herb .. being again de- 
scended by Dews or Rain upon the .. Earth. 3 

Jig. 1598, Barck.ey Felic. Man mi. (1603) 265 Christ .. de- 
scended himselfe of the greatest nobilitie that ever was in 
this world. foe . 

+b. Old Chem. To distil ‘by descent’; see 
Descent 1d. Oéds. 

478 Rietey Comp. Alch. Ep. in Ashm, (1652) 115 First 
Calcine, and after that Putrefye, Dyssolve, Dystill, Sublyme, 
Descende, and Fyxe. é 

11. To go or come down (a hill, wall, flight of 
steps, etc.); to pass downwards over, along, or 
through (a space). 

1607 Torsett Four-/, Beasts (1658) 49 Descending the lists 
of a second combate. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Ero- 
mena 122 With a ladder of cords .. 5) ily descended the 
walls, 1667 Mitton P. L. x11. 606 They both descend the 
Hill. 1799 CoteBRooke in a (1873) 437 Laden on canoes 
and small boats, to descend the Mahdnadi. 1807 Hutron 
Course Math, 11. 151 To find the space descended bya body 
in 7 seconds. 1891 E. Peacock NV. Brendon 1, 221 The two 
women descended the steps. 

+Desce'nd, 5. Os. rare. In 6 dyssende. 
[f. prec. vb.] A descent; a downward slope. 

1519 Presentm. Furies in Surtees Misc, (1890) 31 All 
wattersewers and the dyssendis ber off .. be dykid. 

Descendable : var. of DESCENDIBLE, 

Descendance, -ence (d/se‘ndans). Now rare. 
[a. F. descendance (13th c. in Littré), f. descend-re 
to DESCEND: in earlier use often spelt -ence as in 
med.L. déscendentia: see -ANCE, -ENCE.] 

1, The action or fact of descending or springing 
from a particular ancestor or origin; = DE- 
SCENT 7. 

1599 Minsueu Sf. Gram, 12 Eats .. this searching 
out of originall and descendence of words. 1630 BratHwait 
Eng. Gentlem. Ep. Ded., Lineall descendence. 1875 NV. 
Amer, Rev. CXX. 238 With Mr. Darwin's Theory of De- 
scendence. 1885 H. KenpAtt in 19/h Cent., The fact that 
Jesus Christ had descendance from King David. | 1891 
Blackw. Mag. CL. 712/2 A descendance that is not lineal 
either of mind or spirit. 

2. concr. Descendants. (App. a corruption: cf. 
Descenpant B. 1, quot. 1623, and AccIDENCE,) 

(Sir T. Elyot has ¢xhabitance=inhabitants.) 

1661 FULLER Worthies 1. (1662) 60 In some descend- 
ance from the Duke of Norfolk, in the Stanhops and the 
Arundels. 

+Desce’ndancy, -ency. 0s. [f. as prec. 
+-ancy. Also spelt -ency after med.L. déscen- 
dentia.] a. The condition or quality of being de- 
scended. b. A stage in lineal descent, a generation ; 
= DESCENT 9. €.=])ESCENDANCE. 

1601 R. Jounson Kingd. & Comm. (1603) 257 The unfor- 
tunate successes hapned in his proper descendencie. 1630 
Ibid. 251 Placentia was not granted absolutely to the house 
of Farnesi but only to the fourth descendencie, after which 
it returnes againe to the King of Spaine. @ 1641 Br. Moun- 
tacu Acts & Alon. (1642) 86 From Father to Son, in a con- 
tinued descendency. 1661 Morcan SPA. Gentry u. i. 6 To 
distinguish the degree of decendency. 1790 W. Compe Devil 
on Two Sticks (1817) 1, 78 Their descendancy from the com- 
mon mother, Eve. 

Descendant, -ent (d/se‘ndint), a, and sb. 
Also 6 discendant. [a. I. descendant (13th c. in 
Littré), pr. pple. of descendre to DESCEND, used as 
adj. and sb. Also spelt -en¢ after L. déscendent-em : 
see -ANT, -ENT. 

Johnson gives Descendant sb., Descendent adj., and re- 
marks ‘ It seems to be established that the substantive should 
derive the termination from the French, and the adjective 
from the Latin’. In the sb. sense 1, and the related sense 2 
of the adj. -ant is now always used ; in the other senses of 
both, -evf is perhaps preferable, but these are either obsolete 
or so rarely used as to make the distinction one of little 
practical moment.) 

A. adj. 

1. Lit. Descending; coming or going down. rare. 

1644 Diy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 99 ‘The aire. -maketh one 
descendent body together with the dish. 1658 R. Wurte 
tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 59 ‘The ascending water 
becoming more heavy then the descendant on the other side. 
1691 Ray Creation (J.), ‘This descendent juice is that which 
principally nourishes both fruit and plant. 1839 Barry 
Festus (1848) 59/2 The descendent city of the skies. 

b. Astron, (Cf. Duscenp v, 1d.) Obs. 


1594 Biunpevi Z-verc. mt. 1. xi. (ed. 7) 296 The Descen- - 


dent [Signs] are these, Cancer, Leo, [etc]. 163: Winpowes 
Nat. Philos. 14 The Ascendant (node] is higher where ( .. 
doth come nearest unto us. t, when the ( is 
removing from us. 1690 Leysourn Crs. Math. 818 The 
Descendent Node of the Moon. 
¢c. Her. Descending towards the base of the 

shield. 

1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 42 Theirtayles. .descendante, 
percussed, and contercoloured. 

2. Descending or originating from an ancestor ; 
also fg. (See Desoxnb v. 8.) 

1594 Parsons ne ag Success. Vi. viii. 184 Of the right 
discendant line of K. John. a164x Br. Mountacu Acts § 
Aon {ihie) 96, Ee Son .. d dent and d from 


his es, 1725 Pore Od) u, 313 Were not wise sons 
descendent ted 768 aeecandantl of ae wise. 1857 Ruskin 
Pol. Econ. Art ii. (1868) 112 The best and g of de- 


| is absolutely dead .. it has left no direct descendants. 


| Steam Engine or Clock? 


any di 
1600 
Beatrice 


On the Evidences 


236 


B. sb. 
1. One who ‘descends’ or is descended from an 
ancestor (see DEScEND v. 8); issue, offspring (in 
near or remote): @ of 
Biount tr. Conestaggio 85 All the descendents of 
He Rushw. //ist. Coll. (1659) 1. 86 Their 
Servants, Children, and Descendens. a@ S. Clarke 
tH . 14 (R.) Abraham’s descendents ac- 
cording to the flesh. 1794 Soutney Poems, Retrospect, The 
last descendant of his race. 187 Mortey Voltarre (1886) 
A descendant of the conquering Franks. 1875 Poste 
Gaius 265 From the rules of mx f ascendants and 
descendants of the t tothe third degree were ex- 


cepted. 
b. of animals and plants. 

1866 Darwin Orig. Sfcc. Hist. Sk. 13 The existing forms 
of life are the descendants by true generation of re-existing 
forms. 1867 H. Srencer Princ. Biol. 11. vi. 431 The descen- 
dants of a wheat plant .. will have become numerous. 

ec. fig. and transf. 

1869 Farrar Fam, Speech ii. (1873)74 The Gothic language 
1871 
A.R. Wattace Nat, Select. viii. 295 Are not improved Giese 
Engines or Clocks the lineal descendants of some existing 
1894 Chr. World 23 Aug. 629/2 
The descendants of the Puritans—the Nonconformists of 


to-day. 

4 2. Astron. The part of the heavens which at any 
moment is descending below the horizon (opposite 
to the AScENDANT). Obs. 

1690 Levbourn Curs. Math. ‘oa The Descendent, or Angle 
of the West, or the Cuspis of the Seventh House. 

+3. Zypogr. A letter that descends below the 
line; =Descenper? b, (Cf. Ascenpanrt B. 7.) 

1676 Moxon Print Lett. 6 Descendents are those that 
stand lower than the Foot-line : such as are a Crea 

Descended (dise‘ndéd), ppl. a.  [f. Descenp 
v. +-ED1,] Derived, sprung from a person or stock. 
Usually as fa. pple. (see DESCEND v. 8 b) ; used as 
adj. only in combination. 

1640 Sir E. Derinc Carmelite (1641) 46 Your Troy-dis- 
cended Romanes. 1665 Sir T. Hexpert 7vav. (1677) 2 
A well descended Gentleman. 

Descendental (disendental), a. nonce-wd. 
[f. L. déscendent-em, pr. pple. of déscendére to 
DESCEND + -AL: after ¢ranscendental.) ‘That de- 
scends to matter of fact ; naturalistic, realistic. 

18g0 Wuirrte Ess. & Rev. 11. 342 Square, lover of Plato 
and Molly Segrim, with his brain full of transcendental 
morality, and his heart full of descendental appetites. 1860 
J. Youne Prov. Reason 54 Since the days of Locke .. the 
philosophy of England has been only descendental. 1863 
Reader 1. 376/3 Mr. Mill belongs to what has been variously 
named the Empirical .. Sensational, or Descendental School 
of Philosophy. 

Hence Descende‘ntalism, -ist (sovce-wds.). 

1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. x, With all this Descendental- 
ism, he combines a ‘T'ranscendentalism no less su rlative. 
1882 Wuirre in //arper’s Mag. LXV. 579 He talonged to 
the respectable race of descendentalists, and was evidently 
puzzled to understand howa transcendentalist could acquire 
property. 

+ Desce‘nder!. Law. Obs. Also 6 decendre, 
6-7 discender. [a. F. descendre, pres. inf. used 
subst.: cf. atfainder, remainder; cf. -ER 4.) De- 
scent ; title of descent. 

1485 Act 1 Hen. VI1,c. 1 Subjects having cause of Action 
by Formedon in the descender, or else in the remainder. 
1523 Firznens. Surv. 13 To sue his pleynt in y? nature of 
the kynges writ of formdowne in decendre at the commen 
lawe. [1590 Swinsurne Treat. Testaments 94 If the issue 
do recover the same in formdon in the discent.] 
Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 250 Formedon in Discender 
lyeth where the Donee in ‘Tail or free Marriage aliens that 
Land so given. 1768 BLackstone Comene. 111, 192 The heir 
in tail shall have this writ of formedon in the descender, to 
recover these lands, so given in tail, against him who is 
the actual tenant of the freehold. 


Descender * eirc kang § [f Descenp v, + 
-grn 1] One who or that which descends. 

1667 Denna Direct. Paint. w. ix. 3 Horrors and Anguish 
of Descenders there, May teach thee how to paint Descenders 
here. 1855 Grote Greece u. xcvi. X11. An altar erected 
in honour of Demetrius Katabates or the r. 
Murpny Conan. Gen. xiii. 10 This river [Jordan] may we 
be called the Descender. 

b. Zyfogr. A letter or character that descends 
below the line; cf. Descenp1ne ff/. a. 2 b. ; 

1883 Are we to read backwards ? 39 ‘The modern Arabic 
figures—uniform in linage—{are] more legible than the ‘old 
style’ figures, with their many d d di 


an 
mdibi'lity. rare. [f. next +-1ry.] The 
property of being descendible. 

+ finda Comm. 1. 200 He must necessarily take 
the crown .. with all it’s inherent 3 the first and 
principal of which was it’s ibility. 

Descendible, -able (d/se‘ndib’l, -ab'l), @. 


[In 16th c, descendable, a. OF. descendable + subseq. 
conformed to L. analogies, as in ascendibilis from 


1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 116.a, Wher tenements bee dy- 
scendable to the sonne after the custome of borough 
Englishe. 1622 Cais Stat. Sewers (1647) 191 If the son had 
na Freedom by the death of his father, 


scendant souls. 


asa 
Biackstone Cone, 1. fot Which title 
~ usually to the issue male. W. Tayzor in 


the ascencion 
ii. 193 From.a god to a bull? a heavy 


Monthly Mag. LIII. 103, I make their whole 
scendable only to the first-begotten son. 
17 Oct. 521 The Derwentwater earldom was 
WG. Having the propertyreldesecading erred 
aving the property or moving 

downwards. Oés. rare. 
_ 1622 Cats Stat. Sewers (1824) 164 He may make a trench 
in his own to let the water run downwards, and to 
descend upon his neighbour's grounds, for water is an ele- 
ment descendible jure nat 

8. Capable of being descended ; down which one 
may 


go. rare. 
1730-6 Bai.ey (folio', Descendable, which may descend or 
be descended or gone down. 1755 Jouyson, Descendible, 
may be descended ; such as may admit of a passage 
downwards. 1863 Sat. Rev. 418 ible by zigzag 


Indian paths, traversing the face of the soci walls. 
(disendin), v/. sb. [f. DESCEND 


de- 
Sat, Rev. 
descendible 


v. + -ING}] 

1. Theaction of the verb DescENb (q.v.); descent, 
going down. 

¢ Caxton Blanchardyn xviii. 56 At the descend: 
of theyr enemyes to lande. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bat 
Pref. 2 Some with .. Descendings, ings the partes 
wasted, etc. 1638Sir ‘I. Hernert 7rav. (ed. 2) 146 A preci- 
pice, downe which is no descending. 1690 Locke Govt. 1. 
xi. (Rtldg.) 119 ‘he descending and conveyance down of 
Adam's..dominion to posterity. 1802 SourHry Poems, Ode 
Astron., All Ether laugh'd with thy descending. 

+2. concr. A downward slope, declivity, descent. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos lv, 152 Atte the descendynge of the 
hille. 1585 J. B. tr. Viret's Sch. Beastes Vs iij, The first de- 
scending. .is. .croked and with many turninges. 

+b. Extension downwards. Ods. 

1627 Cart. Smitn Seaman's Gram. x. 50 The height or 
eleuation..should answer the descending or depth. 

Descending (dse‘ndin), af/. a. [f. Descenp 
v.+-ING2.] ‘That descends. 

1. Zit. Moving downwards, coming Some 

a 1700 Dryven (J.), He cleft his head with one descending 
blow. 1799 CoLeBRooxe in Life (1873) 423 The resin exudes 
from the descending sap. 1858 Larpner Hand-bk, Nat, 
Phil, 215 The descending column. falls. .ina closed cistern. 

2. transf. Directed or extending downwards ; 
esp. in Anat., Bot., etc., as descending aorta, colon, 
axis, ovule, etc. (opp. to ASCENDING Af/. a. 3). 

1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) 1. 92 The ascending 
or Samia Trunk of the Aorta. + to Soorter Kehama 
xvi viii, Descending steps, which in the living stone Were 
hewn. 1869 Oxiver /udian Bot, 1. i. 15 The root being the 
descending, the stem the ascending portion of the axis, 

b. Zypogr. cy ree to letters that have a tail 

or stefn extending below the lin® (Cf. AsceNDING 


ppl. a. 1b.) 

1676 Moxon Print Let?, 6 The Bottom-line is the line that 
bounds the bottom of the Descending Letters. T. 
MacKettar Amer. Printer 61 There are .. di i 
letters in both Roman and Italic, 

c. Her, =DESCENDANT @. 1¢3 esp. having the 
head turned toward the base of the shield. . 

8. fig. Proceeding to what is lower in position or 
value, or later in order MS DESCEND v. 5); in Math. 
of series: Proceeding from higher to lower quanti- 
ties or powers ; thus 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, ete, is a descend- 
ing series in geometrical ion. 

1642 Jer. Tayor Episc. (1647) 41 Schisms and Heresies 
.. should multiply in descending ages. 1816 tr. Lacroix's 
Diff. & int. Cakntas 234 If we wished to have a descending 
series with respect to 2, we must give the differ- 
ential the form[etc.]. 1822 Snetuey //e//as 350 To stem the 
torrent of descending time. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 
28 The establishment .. of an ascending and descending 
order among the facts. ri 

4. Falling in pitch, stress, or other physical queer. 

Descending rhythm, a rhythm composed of feet in which 
the accented syllable is fi of ty the unaccented as in 
the trochee, dactyle, etc. Descending diphthong=falling 
DirntHone q. Vv. 

5. Descending node (Astron.): that node of a 
planet’s orbit at which it passes from north to south 
of the ecliptic. 

1696 Wniston 7%. Earth us. (1722) 188 Its descending Node 
was then also in..due Position. 1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/., 
De. ing latitude, is the latitude of a ven in its return 
from the nodes to the equator. 1755 B. Martin fag. Arts 

Se. u. vii. 159 The Descending marked thi . 1868 

ver /eavens (ed. 3) 170. 

Hence Descendingly adv. 
1614 Syivester Du Bartas, Bethulia’s Rescue w. 368 


‘Two twinkling S Two sprightfull Jetty eyes .."T'wixt 
these two Suns, down from this liberal front, Descendingly 
ascends a ong eg 1882 Proctor in Anowledge 24 
Mar. 449 ‘east of Tabernacles was .. ruled by the 
passage of the sun over the equator descendingly. 
Descens(e: see DEscENcE. 
Descension (disenfon). Now rare. Forms: 


4-6 descen-, discen-, dyscen-,-cio(u)n, -eyo(u)n, 
6-7 descention, 


1. The action of a goin: 

down, pee (lit. — ig.) — ce 
De » Princ. newe no lower 
Cote ion Gave onely dethe. 1996 Pilgr. Perf OW, de W- 
1534), 261 Hepomnapce of his to Limbo. 
Fe ae Erasm. Par. Eph. iv. 10 The descencion is 
and after. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. Vu. 
descension | It was 


DESCENSIONAL, 


Toves case, 1616 R. Carpenter Past. Charge 54 The de- 
scension of the holy Ghost vpon the Apostles. 1652 Peyton 
Catastr. Ho. Stuarts (1731) 16 This Bishop maintained 
Christ’s personal Descension into Hell. 1657 Austen Fruit 

Trees 1. 101 As a Tree increaseth by ascension of sap, so it 

would decrease by its descension. 188 Raymonp A/ining 

Gloss., Descension-theory, the theory that the material in 

veins entered from above. 

+b. concr. The alleged term for a flight of 

‘woodwales’ (woodpeckers). Obs. 

©1479 in Caxton Hors, Shepe § G. etc. (1822) 30 A discen- 
cion of wodewalis. 

+ 2. Descent from an ancestor ; lineage. Obs. 

1447 Boxenuam Seyrtys (Roxb.) 45 For more cler undur- 
stondynge Of this genealogyal descencyoun. 1523 Lp. 
Berners Froiss. 1, Ixiv. 86 heading, The duke dyed without 
heyre, wherby the dyscencion fell. 

+3. A falling in dignity or importance; a coming 
down from dignity or high station ; condescension, 

1609 MippLeton Shirley Ambass. Wks. 1886 VIII. 314 
Whatsoever is dishonourable hath a base descention, and 

« sinks beneath hell. 1642 Sir E. Derinc Sf. on Relig. 108 

Wherefore is this descension froma Parliament to a People? 

1692 R. L’Estrance Fosephus’ Antig. vii. iii. (1733) 215 To 

treat them with Courtesy and Descension. 

+4. Old Chem. =Descent 1d. Obs. 

3393 Gower Conf. II. 86 Forth with the congelation, Solu- 
cion, discention. Morwynec Lvonym. Pref., The oyl 
Capnistrum. .that is destilled by descention. 1612 WooDALL 
Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Descension is when the essential 
juyce dissolved from the matter to be distilled, is subducted 
and doth descend. 1657 in Phys. Dict. 

+5. Astron. The setting, or descent below the 
horizon, of a celestial body. Right descension, 
oblique descension of a celestial body: the degree 
of the celestial equator, reckoned from the first 
point of Aries, which sets with it in a right, or 
oblique, sphere. Ods. (Cf. ASCENSION 3.) 

15st Recorve Cast. Knowl, (1556) aegis the Righte Sphere 
..the descensions or settinges vnder the Horizont are equall 
with the Ascensions. 1594 BLUNDEvIL E-verc. Ul. 1. Xxix. 
(ed. 7) 337, I will proceed to the ascention and descention of 
the starres, both right, meane, and oblique. _ 1658 Sir T. 
Browne Hydriot. v, Our longest sun sets at right descen- 
sions, 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 225 There will be no 
rising or setting at all by the diurnal Motion, and therefore no 
Ascension or Descension in this Sphere. 1876 G. F. CHAMBERS 
Astron. 912 Ascension, oblique .. the converse word is ‘de- 
scension’, but it is obsolete, 

+6. Astrol. The part of the zodiac in which a 
planet was supposed to have least influence (opp. 
to exaltation). Obs. 

¢ 1391 Cuaucer Astrol. u. § 4 That he [the lord of the 
ascendant] be nat in his descencioun, ne ioigned with no 
planete in his discencioun. 15 .. ‘Almanak for the Year 
1386’, 2 On pe 7 syne fro be exaltacion of euerilk a planyte, 
in like degre es made his descensyon. 

Desce‘nsional, ¢. rare. [f.prec.+-au.] Of 
or pertaining to descension. 

= ma CuamBers Cyel., Descensional difference, is the 
difference between the right and oblique descension of the 
same star, or point of the heavens, etc. 1840 HEerscuEeL 
£ss. (1857) 137 There must be constantly in action..a dis- 
censional force adap subaqueous currents. 1882 Nature 
XXVII. 177 The mal and d ional mo S 
of the atmosphere. 

Descensive (désensiv), a. [f. L. déscens-, ppl. 
stem of déscendére : see -IVE.] 

1. Having the quality of descending (/7#. and fig.) ; 
characterized by downward movement or tendency; 
the opposite of ascensive. 

1611 Cotcr., Desc ire, di i d g 
Manton £xf. Fude 3 There is in mana natural desire to do 
his posterity good ; love is descensive. 18x W. Taycor in 
Monthly Mag. XXX1. 425 Either from ascensive or descen- 
sive opinion, 1882 Owen in Longm. Mag. 1. 68 The mam- 
mals who follow next after Bi, in the d ive series 
of mammalian orders, 

2. Gram. Diminishing the force; cf. ASCEN- 
SIvE2, ” 

1854 Ecticorr Ef. Gal, 39 Kai has also what may be termed 
a descensive force. 

+ Descensory, sb. Old Chem. Also 6 dec-, 
dise-. [ad. OF. descensoire,-otr, med.L. type déscen- 
sortum, f. déscensérius adj. : see next. 

(Cf. ‘I’huyle du mesme bois destillé par ce que les alche- 
mistes appellent descensoir’ of 1555 in Godefroy.)] 

A vessel or retort used for distillation ‘by de- 
scent’: see Descent 1 d, 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T.239 Sondry vessels 
maad of erpe and glas Oure vrinals and oure descensories. 
1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. x1v. i. 295 Also their lam 
their urinalles, discensories, sublimatories, alembicks, viols, 
croslets, cucurbits, stillatories, and their fornace of calcin- 
ation. 1594 Pat Chem. Concl. 31 Some commend the dis- 
tillation .. that is performed by a descensorie. 1678 R. 
R[{ussEtt] Geber 11. 1, Iv. xii. 112 A chymical Descensory. 

+Descensory, ¢. Old Chem. [ad. L. dés- 
censort-us, f. déscens-, ppl. stem of descendére to 
DESCEND: see -oRY.] Relating to, or of the nature 
of, distillation by descent. 

1678 R. R[{usse.t] Geber v. iv. 275 The Descensory Fur- 
nace is made as before described. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. 
Compit, v. 146 The specifick properties of Liquors perish in 
descensory distillation. 

Descent (disent). Also 5 dessente, 5-6 dis- 
sent, 5-7 discent, 6 discente. [a. F. descente 
(1304 in Hatzf.), formed from descendre after 
attente, vente, etc. from attendre, vendre, etc., the 
etymological form being DESCENCE, -ENSE.] 


4° 
ling. 1x 


237 


1. The action of descending ; a going or coming 
down; downward motion (of any kind). 

1sgo Sir J. Smytu Disc. Weapons 28 In their discents and 
fall. 1606 Suaks. 77. & Cy. v. ii. 175 Not the dreadfull 
spout. .Shall dizzie with more clamour Neptunes eare In his 
discent. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 319 It is to be observed, 
that the descent into hell was not in the ancient creeds or 
rules of faith. 1698 Kein, Lxvam. Th. Earth (1734) 163 The 
great resistance they met with in their descent through the 
Air. 1866 G. Macponatp Anz. Q. Neighd. vii. (1878) 125, 
Ido not think the descent to Avernus is always easy. 

b. fg. (of an immaterial agent or influence). 

1374 Cuaucer Jroylus 1. 319 Lest fully the descente Of 
scorne fille on himself. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 159 The 
descent of a great storm may make the pilot helpless. 

ce. Corresp. to /rvaxs, sense of the verb (DesceNp v. 11). 

161x Coryat Crudities 80 The descent of the mountaine 
I found more wearysome..then the ascent. 1748 F. Smitu 
Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 1. 95 Vhe Sides high Marble Clifts, 
not difficult of Descent. Mod. A new descent of the Schroff- 
spitze has been effected. 


+d. O/d Chem. A method of distillation: see 
quot. 1727. Obs. 


1655 CuLrerrer Riverius vi. i. 133 The Oyl is made of 
Box cut in smal pieces, and then Distilled by descent, in 
two Vessels, 1727-51 Cuampers Cycd. s.v. Distillation, Dis- 
tillation by descent is where the fire is applied on the top, 
and aJl around the vessel, whose orifice 1s at the bottom; 
and, consequently, the vapour not being able to rise up- 
wards, it is forced to precipitate, and distil down to the 
bottom. . ; 

e. Her. Zz descent: said of an animal represented 
as leaping or flying downwards, 

1727-51 Cuambers Cycl. 1727 Baitey vol. II. s.v., A lion 
in descent. 

f. Dynamics. The downward motion of a body 
under the influence of terrestrial gravity. 

1700 J. Craic in Philos. Trans. Abridg. 1V. 542 (title), 
The Curve of Quickest Descent. 1706 Pxivuirs (ed. Kersey), 
Descent of heavy Bodies (in Philos.) is the tendency of them 
to the Center of the Earth. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/,, s. v., 
Laws of the descent of bodies .. Line of swiftest Descent, 
is that which a body falling by the action of gravity, de- 
scribes in the shortest time; which is proved by geometri- 
cians to be the cycloid. 

2. concr. A downward slope, a declivity. 

1591 SPENSER lirgil’s Guat 77 Spread themselves farre 
abroad through each descent. 1611 Bipte Luke xix. 37 At 
the descent of the mount of Oliues. 1726 Leon1 A lberti’s 
Archit. I. 10/2 If it stands upon a Descent. 1887 Bowen 
Virg, Aeneid v1, 182 Massive ash-trees roll from the moun- 
tains down the descent. 

b. A means of descending; a way, passage, or 
flight of steps leading downwards. 

Descent into the Ditch (Mil.): see quot. 1803. 

1634 Massincer Very Woman w. ii, Fitting his chamber 
witht trapdoors and descents. 1706 Puituips (ed. Kersey), 
Descent into the Moat or Ditch. 1734tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 
(1827) 11. 11.144 Descents by steps to the river. 1745 PocockE 
Descr. East W111. 73 There were about fourty three degrees 
of seats, and eleven descents down from the top.. those 
descents are made by dividing each seat into two steps. 1803 
James Milit. Dict. (1810) s.v., Descents into the Ditch (des- 
centes dans le fossé), cuts and excavations made by means of 
saps in the counterscarp beneath the covert way [i.e, to 
enable the besiegers to cross the ditch]. 1887 Ruskin 
Preterita II. 199 The rampart walk, unbroken except by 
descents and ascents at the gates. 

+c. That to which one descends; the lowest 


part. Obs. (sonce-use.) 

1605 Suaks. Lear v. iii. 137 From th’ extremest vpward of 
thy head, To the discent and dust below thy foote. 

3, A sudden hostile invasion or attack, es. from 
the sea, or from high ground: cf. DESCEND v. 3. 

1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 194 Some small peeces of 
artillery, to hinder their descent. 
Georg. 1. 710 He hears, but hears from far, Of ‘Tumults, 
and Descents, and distant War. 1698 IT’. Frocer Voy. 26 It 
was determin’d to make a Descent upon the Country, to 
take the King prisoner. 1816 Scotr O/d Mort. Introd., 
Argyle was threatening a descent upon Scotland. 1874 
Green Short Hist. vii. § 8. 430 A daring descent of the 
English forces upon Cadiz. 

4. fig. A coming down to a lower state or con- 
dition ; fall, decline, sinking ; progress downwards 
to that which is lower or subordinate. 

1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 163 Oh, foul descent ! that I, who 
erst contended With gods to sit the highest, am now con- 
straind Into a Beast, and mixt with bestial slime. @ 1704 
Locke (J.), Observing such gradual and gentle descents 
downwards, in those parts of the creation that are beneath 
men, 1889 Spectator 26 Oct. 540 Since the descent to house- 
hold suffrage. 

b. A stage or step downward in any scale; a 
degree below. ? Oés. 

1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 42 Her birth was by manie 
degrees greater than mine, and my woorth by manie discents 
lesse than hers. 1667 Mitton P. L. vut. 410 Infinite de- 
scents Beneath what other Creatures are to thee. 1728 
Youne Love Fame 1. (1757) 84 With what a decent pride he 
throws his eyes Above the man by three descents less wise ? 

5. With reference to physical qualities: A fall, 
lowering (of the pitch of sound, temperature, etc.). 


1697 Dryden Virg. ° 


DESCENT. 


e. Logic. An inference from a proposition contain 
ing a higher to one containing a lower term. 

1642 Jer. TayLor £fisc. (1647) 35 What also the faith of 
Christendome was concerning the Minister of confirmation 
-. I shall make evident in the descent of this discourse. 
1655-60 Stancey //ist. Philos. (1701) 73/2 These five, Thales, 
Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, Archelaus, by con- 
on) Descent succeeding one another, compleat the Ionick 
Sect. 

7. The fact of ‘descending’ or being descended 
from an ancestor or ancestral stock ; lineage. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 249 Pis ilk pre barons, 
porgh descent of blode, Haf right & resons to be coroune, 
1393 Gower Conf. ILI. 230 Which rightfull heire was by 
descent. 1430 Lypc. Hors, Shefe, & G.gin Pol. Rel. §& L. 
Poems (1866) 15 Cryste whiche lynally doune came Be dissent 
conveyed the pedegrewe Frome the patryarke Abrahame. 
1530 Patscr. 213/1 Descent of lynage, descente. 1559 Alirr. 
Mag., Fall R. Tresilian v, By discent a gentleman. 1634 
W. Tirwuyt tr. Balzac’s Lett. 123, | would draw his descent 
from Hector, or Achilles. 1728 YounG Love Fame mi. (1757) 
104 A Welch descent, which well-paid heralds damn; Or, 
longer still, a Dutchman’s epigram. 1839 YEOWELL dnc. 
Brit. Ch. xiii. (1847) 141 A chieftain of imperial descent. 
1856 Froupe // ist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 107 The descent in the 
female line was not formally denied. 

b. ¢ransf. of animals and plants; in Bzo/. ex- 
tended to origination of species (= EvoLution 6c). 

1638 Sir T. Herpert 7vav. (ed. 2) 192 Many Camells 
abound here .. The Dromodarie and it are of one descent, 
but varie according to the Countrie. 1859 Darwin Orig. 
Spec. (1871) 317 On the theory of descent with modification. 
1871 — (tite), The Descent of Man and Selection in relation 
to Sex. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 776 Descent determines the 
specific character of the growth. 1884 J. Fiske /volutionist 
xiv. 366 The researches .. into the paleontology of the horse 
have established beyond question the descent of the genus 
eguus from a five-toed mammal not larger than a pig, and 
somewhat resembling a tapir. 

attrib, 1871 Darwin Desc. Man xi. 388 In accordance 
with the descent-theory, we may infer that [etc.]. 

e. fig. Derivation or origination from a parti- 
cular source. 

c1530 Remedie of Loue (R.), Ransake yet we would. .Of 
this worde the true orthographie, ‘he verie discent of ethi- 
mologie. 1707 Curios, in usb. & Gard. Pref. 4 Whenever 
I cannot fully discover the Rise and Descent of any Effect. 
1803 Aled. Frnl. UX. 108 Its visitation .. in the present year, 
is deducible from a similar descent. 

+ 8. a. A line of descent, lineage, race, stock. 

1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 206 Elizabeth pe gent, fair 
lady was sche, ‘Tuo sons of ber descent, tuo douhters ladies 
fre. 1605 VERSTEGAN Dec. /nted/. iii. (1628) 63 Of whose de- 
scents are since issued the greatest Princes at this present 
in Germanie. 1618 CHarMan /festod 1. 228 ‘Then form’d our 
Father Jove a Third Descent, Whose Age was Brazen. 

+b. A descendant (/t, and fig.); also, descen- 
dants collectively, offspring, issue. Ods. 

1475 Bk, Noblesse (1860) 23 ‘Vhe noble actys of the seyd 
erles of Angew wyth her lynealle dessentys. 160r Hott.anp 
Pliny 1.67 Augusta of the Taurines, an ancient descent 
from the Ligurians. 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss, v1. 22 She went 
Up to the chamber, where the fair descent Of great Alcinous 
slept. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. x. 979 Our descent .. Which must 
be born to certain woe, devourd By Death at last. 

9. A stage in the line of descent ; a generation. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 809 Which house 
..enjoyed the same [crown] three discentes. 1593 Bitson 
Gout. Christ's Ch. 7 Euen twelue descents after the flood. 
1673 Ray Yourn, Low C, 308 Such as can prove their 
Gentility for three or four Descents. 1765-9 BLacksToNE 
Comm. (1793) 252 After a breach of the succession that con- 
tinued for three descents. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872) 
II. 67 A lineal succession of four descents without the least 
opposition. . 

10. Law. The passing of property (in England 
only of real property) to the heir or heirs without 
disposition by will; transmission by inheritance. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 243 To haf be scheld porgh 
heritage descent. c 1460 ForrescuE Ads. & Lim. Mon. ix, 
The grete lordis of pe londe, by reason off nev Dissentes 
ffallyng vnto ham, by reason also off mariages, Purchasses, 
and ope titles, schal often tymes growe to be gretter than 
thay be now. 1523 Fitzuers. Surv. Prol., Than if the 
owner make a true pee degre or conueyaunce by discente 
or by purchace vnto the said landes. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 
13 b, Discent signifieth when lands do by right of blood fall 
unto any after the death of his ancestors. 1818 Cruise Digest 
(ed. 2) I. 303 That fines should be paid upon admittance, as 
well upon alienation as descent. 1858 Lp. St. LEonarps 
Handy-bk. Prop. Law xxiii. 177 No real property .. can 
pass otherwise than by grant by deed .. or by descent or 
devise, whereas mere personal property will pass by delivery 
from hand to hand. 

+b. Descent cast; transmission by inheritance 
actually effected (with special reference to its bear- 
ing on an outstanding adverse claim) ; cf. Cast v. 


36. Obs. 

[a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law i. (1636) 3 1f 1 make 
a feoffment in fee, upon condition that the feoffee shall in- 
feoffe over, and the feoffee be disseised, and a discent [be] 
cast.] @1845 STEPHENS Comment. Laws Engl. (1868) III. 
518 An Act was passed in the year 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 27) 
ining..the provisions. .that no descent cast or discon- 


1g8x Mutcaster Positions x. (1887 58 eir p + 
and closinges, with a discent, and fall of the voice. | 1836 
Maccituvray tr. Humboldt’s Trav. i. 24 The proximity of 
a sand-bank is indicated by a rapid descent of the tempera- 
ture of the sea at its surface. Zod. A sudden descent of an 
octave in the melody. 

6. +a. The action of proceeding in sequence, 
discourse, or argument, to what is subsequent ; 
subsequent or course; succession. 04s. b. The 
action of descending from generals to particulars. 


tinuance happening after 31st Dec, 1833, should toll or 
defeat any Tight of entry or action for the recovery of land. 
c. transf. and fig. Transmission of a title, dig- 
nity, personal quality, etc. to heirs or to offspring. 
1413 Pilgr. Sowle 1v, vii. (Caxton 1483) 61 The synne of 
Adam hath atteyned to men by .. descent of kyndely hery- 
ba <4 ¢16xx Cuarman J/iad 1.156 His incorrupted sceptre 
: sceptre of descent. ax704 Locke (J.), 1f the agree- 
ment and consent of men first gave a sceptre into any one’s 
hand, that also must direct its descent and conveyance. 


DESCENTIVE. 
+ Desce’ntive, a. Obs. rare. In 6dise-. [f. 
prec, +-IVE.] Descending ; = Drscrnsive. 
1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe 7 he notable immunities, fran- 
mee | ay she is endowed with .. by the discentiue 
line of rom the Conquest. 


ne of Kings fot obs. var. of DiscePraTIon. 

+Desce'rcle, v. Ods. rare. [a. OF. des., decer- 
cler, {. des-, dé- (De- I. 6) + cercle circle, hoop. 
The mod. repr. would be dectrcle.] trans. To 
deprive of its circle or circles. 

To descercle a helm: cf. Circe sb. 10 b. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 102 Rolland ..araught maradas 

his helme, that he descerkled and departed it. 

“Descern, , -ceise, De- 
scide, Descipher, Descition, obs. ff. Discern 
(DecerN), Decrease, DiscHarcr, Drcipr, Dx- 
CIPHER, DECISION. 

1644 Prynne & Wacker Fiennes’ Trial 118 The supreame 
Councell of the Realme to whose descition it belongeth. 

+ Descide, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dé-scindétre or 
di-scindére \o divide, or dis-cidére to cut in pieces.] 
oe cut, indent. 

7 Tominson Renou's Disp. 324 Its leafs are variously 
deactied and serrated in their circuit. 

Descl- : see Disct-. 

Descloizite (dekloi-zait). Afix. [named from 
Descloizeaux, a French mineralogist. ] A vanadate 
of lead and zine, an orthorhombic mineral, of olive- 
green colour, occurring in small crystals on a sili- 
cious and ferruginous gangue from South America 
(Dana). 

Desconfite, -ure, obs. ff. DiscomFir, -URE. 

Descrial (déskrai‘al). [f. Descry v.1 + -aL 
Il. 5.] Discovery of something obscure or distant. 


1605 Answ, Discov. Rom. Doctr.1 The strange Discriall of 
this great Discouerer. 

Describabi'lity. [f. next: see -1ry.] Capa- 
bility of being described. 

@ 1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. ii, (1870) 38 A defi- 
niteness or describability as to happiness. 

Describable (diskrai‘bab’l), a. [f. Describe 
v. + -ABLE.] Capable of or admitting description. 

1802 Pacey Nat. Theol. ix. (R.), Keill has reckoned up, in 
the human body, four hundred and fourty-six muscles, dis- 
sectible and describable. 1877 Lavy Brassey Voy. Sunbeam 
xv. (1878) 269 Another shade, only describable by the term 
molten lava colour. 

Descri‘bble, v. nonce-wd. [f. scribble after de- 
pag. trans. To scribble an account of. 

Miss Gunnino /’acket IV. 275, 1 can, as you find, 
eps bute Richard and Sarah Adams; but.. to describe 
would be absolute presumption, 

Describe (diskrai:b), v. Also 6-7 descrybe, 
discrybe, 8discribe. [ad. L. déscrid-ere to copy 
off, transcribe, write down, write off, sketch off in 
writing or painting, mark off, etc., ‘f. De. 1.2 + 
scribere to write. Preceded in ME. use by descrive 
(through OF.), of which describe may be considered 
as an assimilation to the orig. L. form, The spell- 
ing dis- arose from confusion with words having the 
prefix des-, dis-; see Drs-.] 

+7, To ‘write down, set forth in writing or in 
written words ; to transcribe, copy out. Ods, 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 233 So Peter aha 
in his dictionary describeth it. “OPSELL Serpents (1653 
625 Whose verses I will here describe [verses follow]. x 
= ‘Taytor Gt. Exemp. Exhort. § 12 Christ our Lawgiver 

ath described all his Father's will in Sanctions and Signa- 
tures of laws. 

+b. To write down in a register; to enrol. Ods. 

Rha Bh ebay 1 Chron, iv. 41 These that are now de- 

by name. 1614 Raeicu Hist. World 11.1. v. § 6. 
bos f He was indeed _— into A°gypt .. describing a royall 
Army, @ 1667 Jer. Taytor Was. (183 V1. 262 (Cent. Dict.) 
His name was described in the book of life. 

+ ¢. Towrite down as one’s opinion; to declare, 
state. Obs. rare. 

1771 Frercuer Checks ae ae i2of oe II. 300 Is it modest to 
describe ecathedra, that the d phesians .. could not 
work for life? 

2. To set forth in words, written or spoken, by 
reference to qualities, recognizable features, or cha- 
racteristic marks; to give a detailed or graphic 
account of. (The ordinary current sense.) 

1513 ee St. pitti ae 203 As auncyent Cronycles 
descryben it full ior STARKEY = gerne Ml. i. 144 
rhe perfayt state . neo veb vs before Peel he 1697 Drypen 

. Vv. 220 Describe we next Nature of the 

Sox 1727 Swirt — M1. Vili. ii Discribing the rest 
of his household-stuff. perseck on Ser. oe Vedding, 
Iam ill at describing fem Morey Com- 
ise (1886) 38 He pag ee ae oe by a master 


b. with complement. 
1594 spas Eccl. Pol. i iii, (1611) 7 ~ institution 


thereof d as bei . Brount 
tr. Conest io 314 That the Iland was no ply fortified 
then had ¢ described unto them, 1818 Cruise Digest 


(ed. 2) V. 71 Glanville describes a fine to be an accommoda- 
tion ofa... suit, 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. as IV. Gl rgd 
as well as opinions may be described as 
3. To set forth in delineation or F pictorlal 

et to represent, picture, portray ; in quot, 
1526 Obs. or arch.» 

mo oe paix, Gal. ii. To whom Jesus Christ was de. 
seri the eyes. 1535 CoveRDALE Ezek, iv. 1 Take 


a6ig"T, Adan. Devile 


238 


j. Pon be vpon the cite off Terusslem. 1600 
Sree 


DESCRIPTION. 
seene stealing the Grapes, fall a biting their y 
the shi Caisuaw Poems 150 The glad ” 


aU. 
signes upon the hands and utey 1620 E. Bee Hore 
1665'S 352 EM neg ——— rey icon 

im T, Hervert 7'rav. (1677) t 
ing a . This meg: | India on the other side Ganges. 
2774 J: RYANT Mythol. 123 We find the Sun to be de- 

under the appearance of a bright star. 
+b. Of things: To represent or stand for pic- 
torially. Ods. 

1643 Vicars Looking-glass Malign. 13 The picture of a 
man in a tub..to describe a Row . 1703 Moxon 
Mech, Exerc. 317 These twelve Divisions are to describe 
the twelve Hours of the _— 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. 
§ 121 A second model . whe J the external form. 

4. To delineate, ser out the form or shape of, 
trace the outline of (a geometrical figure, etc.): a. 
said of personal agents. 

1552 Huvoet, Describe, circumscribo. 1559 W. Cunninc- 
nam Cosmogr. Glasse 122 Describe the like arck from B to A. 
1570 Bittincstey £uclid 1. i. 8 A triangle . - set or described 
vpon a line, 1669 DrypEN i ove wv. i, With chalk 
I first describe a circle here. Moxon Mech. Exerc. 126 
To méasure and describe the € round-plot. 1831 Brewster 
Oftics i. § 15 Describe arches of circles. 

b. said of things. 

1559 W. CunnincHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 55 A lyne, a 

. can but describe a plat forme .. And a plat forme in 

- describeth a Body. 15; Lanesnon Peramb, Fhe 
(1826) 239 It beginneth to divide it selfe two waies, and to 
describe the He of Thanet. 1821 Craic Lect. Drawing i. 7 
Representing objects by lines which describe their contours 
or dimensions. 

5. To form or trace by motion ; to pass or travel 
ore (a certain course or distance). 

W. CunninGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 34The most northely 
checks which the Sonne describeth. 1662 Hospes Seven Prodi. 
Wks. 1845 VII. 10 The arches are the spaces which these 
two motions describe. 1713 BerkeLey //ylas & Phil. i. 
Wks. 1871 I. 281 A body that describes a mile in an hour, 
1869 Puittips Vesuv. ix. 252 They describe parabolic curves. 
1869 Tyxpatt Notes Lect. Light 29 The white-hot particles 
of carbon in a flame describe lines of light. 

6. To mark off or distribute into parts; to map 
or parcel out. rave. 

1535 CoveRDALE Yosh, xviii. 6 Descrybe 


ye the londe in 
seuen partes [so r611 and R.V. ; 


Wycuir, discryue]. F 
+b. To apportion, assign under limits. [So in 
Lat. ] Obs. rare. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. ii, I wyll therfore kepe my penne 
within the space that is discribed to me. 

47. =Derscry v.! Cf. Descrive v.4 and the 
converse confusion in Drscry v.% 

1574 Ricu Merc. & Soldier H viij, Venus was first de- 
scribed, sittynge inher Waggon. 1592 Greene 7 ullies Love 
(1609.G, As soone as she had discribed him, and for cer- 
tainty knew that it was he, yonder quoth she comes that 
odde man of Rome. 1620 SHELton Quix. IV. xxii. 185 Over- 
night we described this Wharf. 1667 Mivton /”. L. tv. 567, 
1 <o* his way Bent all on speed, and markt his Aerie 
Gate. x Gisson Decl. §& F. xlvii. (1792) VIII. 312 The 
aantak lemish has not been described ay -jealous. .eyes. 

Hence Described f//. a. 

1552 Hutort, Described, circumscriptus. x Moxon 
Mech, Exerc, 196 Their described width. 1865 ‘l'yLor Early 
Hist. Man, iv. = In the described position of the three 
relations of speec 

joel cory (diskrai: bz). [f. Desor1Be v. + 
-EE.] One to whom a ise is described. 

1830 Disrartt in Home Letters (1885) 50 Description 

always a bore, both to the describer and to the pint 


1885 Punch 23 May 243/2 Describee is a hap ones Sox oat j 


of a whole series of words much required in our language 
Descri-beless, a, nonce-wd. [f. Describe v. 
Incapable of description, granted 


a — 
ae W. Tuom 7 D. Ferrold's raesgacer Bn ae Come 
Pret. no verdure on your describeless and ru’ 


Deaexibent (déskrai‘bént), a, and sd, fade 1 iL. 
déscribentem, pr. pple. of déscribére to DescRiBE.), 
A. adj. ‘ Describing, marking out by its motion’ 
(Ash 7 ). B. sb. Geom. A point, line, or sur- 
face, producing by its motion a line, surface, or 
solid ; a generatrix. 


1704 in J. Harris Lex. Techn. 
Bescriber (déskrai- bau). [f. DESCRIBE 2. + 
One who describes, or gives a description. 


shall not miss To taste the nectar of Cf = kien Press Vere? 


,, car _ L. déscript-us, 

om of worl yh i to iE.) vibed, 
Also + a. Properly arranged (=L. iptus) (but 

perh., in quot, 1665, for L. drip divided, 

ap ioned). b. Inscribed, engraved, chased (not 
sense). B. as sd. (see quot. 1731). 

cae Wess ripe Orders (1725) ne commixt set 


Forms, and descrii lers in one T 
Baitey ie ge — ay Botanic Writers}, such 
plans as are descri 


pri, Scene ae 
masen ore Geecibed, 3775 Ate, Dewi 


and non-descript. 1863 P. S. Waseda — Transl. 8 
Two huge valves, embossed with graven gold. .and descri 
with all h earth and heaven. . Foster in wave or 

Description (diskri-pfon). Also 4-6 de- 
discryp-, discrip-, -cion, -cioun, -cyon, 
~cyoun, -tyon, -tyowne, -sion, etc. [a. F. de- ° 
scription, in OF. also ~cripcion, -crilion, -crision, 
ad. L. déscri; lion- -em, n. of action from déscribére 
(ppl. stem déscrift-) to DescriBe. (See there as 
to the spelling dzs-.)] The action of describing ; 
the result or product of this action. 

+1. The action of writing down; inscription. 
Obs. rare. 

Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 231 Vnder the descrip- 
coven writing of the a of Englond and of Fraunce. 
+b. Writing down in a register, enrolment. 

¢ 1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. I. 316 S .-bigan to make pis 
discripcion. 1609 Biste (Douay) 2 ‘am. Xxiv. dv. 9 Joab gave 
the number of the description of the people to the king. 

2. The action of setting forth in words by men- 
tioning sar, yore features or characteristic 
aged verbal representation or portraiture. 

¢ 1380 Wrcuir Last Age of Chirche 26 pis also [he] schewip 
openly bi discripcioun of tyme. 1387 Trevisa Higden 
I. 29 Mite.) With descripcioun of pe lasse world. — 
BokENnHaM Seyntys papas )13 If the crafth of oun 
I cowde as weel for; Gey cowde Boyce. . bg 
NINGHAM Cosmogr. 6 Geographie is the. iscriptioun 
of the face, and picture a th'earth. 1606 Suaks. Ant. § Cl. 
u1, ii. 203 For her owne person, It beggerd all discription. 
1806 Wotcort (P. Pindar) 7; — LES 1812 V. 335 (a6), 
tion on your pencil waits. -x Pattison & 58. (1889) 
2 Writers .. gifted with strong Later seay are masters of 
description. 

b. (with /,) A statement which describes, sets 
forth, or portrays; a graphic or detailed account 
of a person, thing, scene, etc. 

Bh aa? Hamrore /r, Consc. 8875 Yhit wille I imagyn. . Ffor 

yf it a descripcion. ¢1470 Henry Wh vai 1x, amas 
Tha send .. The discriptioune Off him tane thar 1553 1 
Witson Rhet. gs A description or an evident declaration of 
a thyng as though we sawe it even now doen. 1676 Ray 
ppd 848) 9 = . had .. better descriptions of them 

irds). SULLIVAN — Nat. i. = realy, 

ea . takes uakee esuvius, in his as 
1834 Mepwne Angler in Wales 11, 108 An old man om. 
ing the description of Humphrey. 1878 Mortey Carlyle 
Gacloapen Ser. 1. 198 The more correct description of w! 

P| 
e. . (See quots.) 

1608 T, Spencer > rick 193 A description is a sentence 
which setteth out a thing, even abe ae arguments, 1751 
Jounson Rambler No. 14 Hy ions. .are definitions 
ee and Ge tae Mut Logic 1. viii. 
§ 5 The second kind of Iperf definition, in which the 
name of a class is defined . attributes which are not 

luded in its been termed Description. 

3. The combination of qualities or features that 
marks out or serves to describe a cular class, 


Hence, b., A sort, species, kind, or variety, capable 
of being so described. 

(ce 1391 Cuaucer Astroi. 1. § 21 Shapen in maner. nate 4 
webbe aftur the olde descri _— 1535 Co¥ERpaLe E 
xliii. 11 The commynge in, age ont, oft the sxnuas gud 
descripcion theretl Sasex ie erch. V. m. ii. 303 Pay 
him sixe thousand.. a friend of this description 
lose a haire. 1864 D. G. Mircuet, Sev. Stor, 306 The 
man must be a of the worst descri — 

Boe. T. Gusert Xelicf Poor 6 That all Descrip- 

poor Persons should be sent thither. 1785 Pavey 


a ml 18(R.) The descrybers of y! pr 
church, 


Turks ahr 2 Po Mela the describer of the world, 
De For Syst. aia 1. ii, + (2840) 4 Our wise describers 
by bp magic of the AYNE Purit. Rev. Vv. 
ways to regret that he 
musf show events not. pte... t in succession. 
Senoxihing (déskrai-biy), ‘eid a [f Dr- 
SORIBE v.+-1NG !.] The action of the vb. DescriBE ; 
description. 

CunninGuam Cosmogr. Glasse 120 BY bibs makinge 
sal deacsiby byng of this onel Stoney Afol. 
Poetrie (Arb.) 22 Their of passions. 
1817 Gouearr Taking Leave 9 Greater poe describing. 

» Ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
That penedem descriptive. 

1581 SipNey Apo Poetrie (Arb.) 29 The right describin 
note to know a Poet by, 1599 Tuynne Animady, (1865) 
‘This describinge definitione. 

Descrier (diskroi‘a1). Also 7 deseryer. [f. 
Descry v.1+-ER.1] One who dation, or dis- 


covers. 
n, Dict. A Descrier, Descubridor. 
Banquet 58 Foxes .. if they bee 


ts .. falls within the same de- 
ription. 1844 Mrs. Houston Yacht Voy. Texas M1. 278 
The Volante. .is a d of to Cuba. 


+4. Pictorial representation ; a picture, painting. 


Oe. Paint 
1620 E. Buount Hora Sudsec. 366 The high Altar is set 


Pol. Philos. (ed. 8.) I, 23 The invitation, or voluntary 
of thoug 


out by Michael curious of the day of 
ludgement, J. Grecory Posthuma 257 (T.) 

escription is. .of the earth and water both together, and it 
is done by circles. 


5. Geom. a. The ‘describing’ reer 
figure ; see DESCRIBE v. 4 ? 
1655-60 Strantey //ist. Sap (apon) pobre Bin i mente 
deduced the description of 
1751 Cuampers Cycl., Denription, we pla 
b. Tracing out or passing over a certain course 


A Pale Matheseo: The Times 
iBenowastints the Square Roots of the Altitudes 
. me the 2748 Prawertox Newton's Philos. 9x The 
ip en m8 aes oa 
ual 
ise the essential ert of a con direction of the 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


Hence Descri‘ptionate «@., characterized by de- 
scription, descriptive. Descri-ptionist, one who 
professes to give a description. Descri‘ptionless 
@., without or beyond description. 

1593 Nasu= Christ's T. (1613) 164 Sutable descriptionate 
politures, 1827 /°vaminer 211/2 A mere connoisseur and 
descriptionist. 1838 /raser’s Mag. XVII. 31 These loco- 
motive descriptionists..and thirty mile an hour travelling 

nmen. 1852 /did. XLVI. 454 That broiling and dusty, 

ut beautiful and quite descriptionless road. 

Descriptive (déskri-ptiv), a [ad. (late) L. 
descriptiv-us containing a description, f. déscrift-, 
ppl. stem of déscribére: see -1vE. Cf, F. descriptif.] 
Having the quality or function of describing; 
serving to describe; characterized by description. 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 94 P1 The sound of some 

“ emphatical and descriptive words. 1820 Hazuitr Lect. 
Dram, Lit. 141 They are sg and descriptive poets of 
the first order. 1882 A. W, Warp Dickens i. 18 A de- 
scriptive power that seemed to lose sight of nothing. A7Zod. 
A handbook of Descriptive Anatomy. 


b. const. of. 

1794 Suttivan View Nat. Il. 176 Circumstances descrip- 
tive of similar connections, 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 71 
A name sufficiently descriptive of its construction, 

Hence Descri‘ptively adv., Descri‘ptiveness. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 183 The Allegany..has been 
descriptively called the back bone of the United States. 
1834 OV. Rev. L. 296 meapreoented with. . lively and attractive 
descriptiveness. 1870 Spurcron 7'veas. Dav. Ps. i. 1 The 
term ‘stood’ descriptively represents their obstinacy. 

+ Descri‘ptory, ¢. Ods. [f. déscript-, ppl. 
stem of L. déscribére : see -onY.] =prec. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 23 Epistles meerely 
Descriptorie. /dzd. 24 A letter Descriptorie, wherein is 
particularly described an ancient Citie. 


+ Descri-ve, v. Ods. exc. Sc. Forms: 3-9 
descrive, 3-5 discreve, 4-5 dyscreve, 4 de- 
seryfe, 5-6 dyscryve, discryve, -ive, descryve. 
[a. OF. deseriv-re (13th c.), later descrire, full 
stem descriv- (mod.F. décrire, décriv-) = Pr. des- 
criure, Cat. descriuer, It. descrivere:—L. déscribére. 
In the course of the 16th c. gradually superseded 
(exc. in Sc.) by the latinized form DEscrIBE, 

Descrive was in ME. reduced to descrie (Descry v.2), and 
thus confused in form, and sometimes in sense with Descry 
v7.1 Hence descrive also occurs as a form of the latter. ] 

1. To write down, inscribe; to write out, tran- 
scribe. 

1382 Wycuir /sa. xlix. 16 Lo! in myn hondis I haue dis- 
criued thee. . 14.. Circumcision in Tundale’s Vis. go Thys 
name which may not be dyscreved. c¢x450 Lypc. Comzf/. 
Loveres Life xxviii, To discryve and write at the fulle The 
woful compleynt. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 284/1 Mathewe 
= zn descryue not the generacion of Marye but of 

oseph. ‘ ‘ ‘ 

b. To write down in a register, enrol; cf. Veg. 
Luke ii. 1 wt describeretur universus orbis. 

1297 [see Descrivine vé2. sd.]. 1382 Wyctur Num, xi. 26 
There dwelten forsothe in the tentis two men..for and thei 
weren discryued [Vulg. descripti /uerant; 161x and they 
were of them that were written]. — ZLzke ii. 1 That al the 
world schulde be discryued. cxq460 Fortrscuz Ads. § 
Lim, Mon, xvi. (x74) 1z0 Theyr secund Emperor, com- 
aundyd al the World to be discrivyd [v.7~. (1885) 149 dis- 
cribed.] 

2. =DescriBE z. 2. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 10 Pus seint Iame descriued religiun & 
ordre, de Wycur Ser, Sel. Wks. II, 318 Pei ben pes 
pat Ysay discryveb pat pei seien good is yvel. ¢ 1400 Rowe, 
Rose 865, I wot not what of hir nose I shal descryve; So 
faire hath no womman alyve. 1552 Asp. HamiLton Catech. 
(1884) 45 It is expedient to descrive quha is ane heretyk. 
1671 True Non-conf. 134 Which we finde descrived in the 
Scriptures of the New Testament. 1785 Burns 7o W. 
Simpson xvi, Let me fair Nature’s face descrive. 1858 M. 
Porteous ‘Souter Yohuny’ 15 Hamely chiels .. Wha 
Tammy's haunts can weel descrive. 

absol. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 120 So as these olde wise 
men Descrive. g 2 , 

3. a. To represent pictorially or by delineation ; 
also absol. b. To draw geometrically (figures, 
etc.). ¢, To trace out or pass over (a definite 
course). Cf. DESCRIBE v. 3-6. 

¢1391 Cuaucer As¢érol. 1. § 17 The plate vnder thi Riet is 
descriued with 3 [principal] cerclis, Lane. P. Pl, C, 
xx. 214 Ho coube kyndeliche with colour discriue, Yf alle 
pe worlde were whit. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. 
xi. (1495) 317 Epiciclis is a lytyll cercle that a planete dis- 

ueth, 1565-73 Coorer 7hesaurus, Adacus..a counting 
table such as. Astronomers descriue their figures in, 


d. To map out, set forth the boundaries of. 

(But also often including the ea sense 2.) 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I, 7 Pat in stories meteb and 
discryuep all be worlde wyde. Caxton Descr. Brit, 
20 Kyng william conquerour made alle these. .shires to be 
descreued and moten. BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) 
I. p. xlvi, We will discrive the samin [the Ilis] in maner and 
forme as followis. 

4. =Descry v.1 [Cf. etymol. note above.] 

1340 Cursor M. 6544 (Fairf.) For to discriue [v. ~. to se] 
paire cursed dede. 1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. xx. 93 Penne 
mette pis man..ar heraudes of armes hadden descreued 
lordes. c¢1440 Gesta Rom. xxiii. 84 (Harl. MS.) No man 
cowde discryve wheber of hem shuld be Emperour. gsr 
Rostnson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 50 Also flyinge he shoulde 
be discriued by the roundyng of his heade, 

- Hence Descri-ved Z//. a. 

©1449 Pecock Repr. 11. xvii. 248 Bi the now discriued and 

tau3t maner. . /did. 408 The. .bifore descryued tymes, 


239 


+ Descri-ving, v2/. 5b. Ods. [f. prec. + -1NG1.] 
Describing ; description. 

1297 R. Grove. (1724) 60 Pis August .. let make a descriu- 
Bi ti y mad nas neuer er, 1382 Wyciir Luke ii. 2 This 
firste discryuyng was maad of Cyryne, 1486 Bk. St. Albans 
Eiva, The discreuyng of a Bucke. 1530 Patscr. 165 Blasdn, 
a blasyng or discryvyng of ons armes. 1792 Burns Au/d 
Rob Morris v, How past descriving had then been my 
bliss. 

Descry (déskrai:), v.! Forms: 4 discryghe, 
4-6 discrye, 5 dyscry(e, 6 descrye, 6-7 descrie, 
discrie, 4- descry. [app.a. OF. descrier to cry, 
publish, decry, f. des-, dé-, L, D1s- + créer to cry. 

The sense-development is not altogether clear; it was per- 
haps in some respect influenced by the reduction of Descrive 
to descry (see next), and consequent confusion of the two 
words : cf. Descrive 7. 4, also DescriBe 7.7. In several in- 
stances it is difficult to say to which of the verbs the word 
belongs: thus 

c 1300 K, Adis. 138 For astronomye and nygremauncye 
No couthe ther non so muche discryghe.] 

I. To cry out, declare, make known, bewray. 

+1. trans. To cry out, proclaim, announce, as 
aherald. Ods. rare. 

(Cf. quot. 1377 in Descrive v7. 4.) a@ 1440 Sir Eglant. 
1178 Harowdes of armes than they wente, For to dyscrye 
thys turnayment In eche londys 3ende. 

+2. To announce, declare; to make known, dis- 
close, reveal ; a. of persons, b. of things. Ods. 

a. ¢1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 203 My name to you 
wille I descry. 1549-62 SterNHOLD & H. Ps. xxv. 3 Thy 
right waies unto me, Lord, descrye. 1621 Burton Anat, 
Mel, 1. ii.t.i, At length Jupiter descried himself, and Her- 
cules yielded. 1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 290/2 
Diogenes, thou... Who to content the ready way To fol- 
lowing Ages didst descry. 

b. ¢ 1430 Freemasonry 323 Hyt [the seventhe poynt] dys- 
cryeth wel opunly, Thou schal not by thy maystres wyf ly. 
1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 1. x. 34 Whose sober lookes her wisedome 
well descride. a@1sg2 H. Smitn Wes, (1867) II. 200 This 
light. .doth not only descry itself, but all other things round 
about it. 1635 Cow.ry Dazidezs wv. 231 A thoughtful Eye 
‘That more of Care than Passion did descry. 1639 Drumm. 
or Hawrtn. Fam. Epistles Wks. (1711) 140 His cheeks scarce 
with a small down descrying his sex. 

+c. With a sense of injurious revelation: To 
disclose what is to be kept secret; to betray, be- 
wray; to lead to the discovery of. Ods. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 7136 (Trin.) Pat was a greet folye hir 
lordes [z. ¢. Samson’s] counsel to discrye. ?¢1475 Sgr. lowe 
Degre 110 Thy counsayl shall i never dyscry. 1596 Nasne 
Saffron Walden 131 That he be not descride by his alleadg- 
ing of Authors. 1606 HoLtanp Sweton. 90 Hee had like to 
have descried them [his parents] with his wrawling. 1614 
Br. Hatt Recoll, Treat. 509 In notorious burglaries, oft- 
times there is .. a weapon left behinde, which descrieth the 
authors, 1670 Mitton //7st. Eng. u, His purple robe he 
{Alectus] had thrown aside lest it should descry him, 

II. To cry out against, cry down, decry. 

+3. To shout a war-cry upon, challenge to fight ; 
= Ascry v. 1 b. 

¢1400 Rowland & O. 273 No kyng in Cristyante Dare.. 
discrye hym ther with steven. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng 
excvil, 175 The gentil knyghtes fledden and the vileyns 
egrely hem discryed and grad an high ‘ yelde yow traytours !” 

+4. To denounce, disparage; = Decry v. 2. Obs. 

¢ 1400 York Manual (Surtees) p. xvi, We curse and descry 
.-all thos that thys illys hase done. 1677 Ginpin Demonol. 
(1867) 407 They contemn and descry those, as ignorant of 
divine’ mysteries. 

+ 5. To cry down, depreciate (coin) ; = Decry. 

1638 Sir R. Cotron Abstr. Rec. Tower 23 The descrying 
of the Coyne, 

III. To get sight of, discover, examine. 

6. To catch sight of, es. from a distance, as the 
scout or watchman who is ready to announce the 
enemy’s approach ; to espy. 

€1340 Gaw. § Gr, Knut. 81 pe comlokest [lady] to discrye. 
¢1430 Sir Tryam, 1053, Xii fosters dyscryed hym then, 
That were kepars of that fee. 1569 Stocker tr. Diod. Sic. 
1. viii, 114 He might descry a mightie and terrible Nauie 
..Sayling towards the citie. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson 
Sch, Shaks. (1878) 190 The English sentinels do keep good 
watch ; If they descry us all ourlabour’s lost. 1791 Cowrer 
Iliad 11. 38 In some woodland height descrying A serpent 
huge. 1868 Q. Vicroria Life High?. 39 To meet Albert, 
whom I descried coming towards us, 1877 BLack Green 
Past, xxxiii, (1878) 267 At intervals we descried a maple. 

7. To discover by observation; -to find out, de- 
tect ; to perceive, observe, see. 

©1430 Syr Fryam. 783 Hors and man felle downe..And 
sone he was dyscryed. 58x J. Bett Haddon's Answ. 
Osor. 491 b, There is no man ,. that will not easily descry.. 
want of Judgement..in you. 1659 Hammonp On Ps. xxxiv. 
Paraphr. 181 Being by them descryed to be David. 1667 
Mrrton P. L. 1. 290 To descry new Lands, Rivers or Moun- 
tains in her yay! Globe. 1797 Sourney Ballad K. Charle- 
main t All but the Monarch could plainly descry From 
whence came her white and her red, x8tz J. WiLson /s/e 
of Palms u. 582 He can descry That she is not afraid. 
1862 Lp. BroucHam Brit. Coust. xvi. 249 The bounds which 
et that school from Romanism were very difficult 
to descry. 

abso Narsoroucn Frnd, in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 
(2711) 33, I could not see = sign of People... but still Hills 
and Vallies as far as we could descry. 

+b. zutr. To discern, discriminate. Ods. rare. 

1633 P. Fietcuer Purple Is?. vii. viii. 108 Pure Essence, 
who hast made a stone descrie "T'wixt natures hid, 

+ 8. trans. To investigate, spy out, explore. Ods. 

1596 Drayton Legends iii, 175 He had iudicially descryde 
The cause, 1611 Biste 3udg. i.23 The house of loseph 


DESECRATED. 


sent to descry Bethel. 1742 SHENSTONE Schoolmistress 145 
Right well she knew each temper to descry. 

+ Descry’, v.” Ods. [app.a variant of descryve, 
DEScRIVE v., partly perh. originating in the later 
form of the Fr. infinitive descri-re, and pres, t. 
descrt, -crts, -cvit; but mainly due to confusion in 
Eng. of descr?ve and desery vb.!] = DeEscrive, 
DESCRIBE. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 9747 Some of his 
pewes y wil descrye. ¢1450.5¢. Cuthbert (Surtees) 41 In the 
thyrd parte ar discryed Cuthbert pina ee 1572 BossEWELL 
Armorie 1.63 b, This Serpente I haue descried, as wringled 
into a_wreathe. 1613 WitHER Saz., Occasion, He .. de- 
scries Elenchi, full of subtile falacies. 

absol. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6546 Cuthbert pai 
chese as bede descryse. 1571 Damon & Pithias Prol. in 
Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 12 A thing once done indeed, as histories 
do descry. z 

+Descry’, discry, s/. Ods. [f. Descry v.!] 

Ll. Cry, war-cry; =Ascry sd. 

c1400 Rowland & O. 1476 ‘Mount Joye’ was thaire dis- 


crye. 

2. Discovery of that which is distant or obscure ; 
perception from a distance. 

1605 SuHaks. Lear 1v, vi. 217 The maine descry Stands on 
the hourely thought. 1611 Sprep //ist. Gt. Brit. x. i. (1632) 
1253 Without danger of descry, 

Descry'ing, 7/. 5d.' [f. Descry v.1] The 
action of the vb. Descry!; perception from a dis- 
tance, discovery ; also att776. 

1577-87 Hotinsuep //st. Scot. (R.),Vpon the first descrieng 
of the enimies approach. a@1729 S. CLARKE Serv. I. exit. 
(R.), Now we see through a glass darkly, as through a 
descrying-glass. | 

+Descry‘ing, v/. si.2 
ment, etc.: see DESCRY v.* 

c1400 Three Kings Cologne 20 pis discrying was first made 
vnder Cirinus, ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 119 Descrynge, de- 
scriptio, 

Descure, var. discurve, obs. f. DISCOVER v. 

Desdaine, -dayn, -deigne, obs. ff. Dispain, 

Dese, obs. form of Dats. 

Deseas(e, obs. form of DISEASE. 

+De'secate, v. Obs. [f. L. désecare to 
cut off or away, f. DE- I. 2 + secdre to cut. (The 
regular form is Desect; but in L. désecatio for 
desectio is in Cassiodorus.] trans. To cut off, cut 
away; to cut free from entanglement or obstruction, 
Hence Desecated f//. a. 

1623 CockEram, Desecate, to mow or cut off. 1651 Relig. 
Wotton. 334 So as the Soul hath a freer and more desecated 
operation. 1656 in BLount Géossogy.; and in mod. Dicts, 

So + Deseca‘tion. Ods. 

1623 CockErAM, Desecation, mowing or cutting off. 

Desece, -es.e, -esse, -eyce, obs. ff. DEcEAsE, 
DISEASE, 

Besecrate (des‘kre't), v.  [f. Dr- II. 1 + stem 
of con-secrate. In L. désecrare or désacrare meant 
to consecrate, dedicate. OF. had des-sacrer (des- 
=L. ds-) still in Cotgr. (1611) ‘to profane, violate, 
unhallow’,=It. dssacrare ‘to unconsecrate, un- 
hallow’ (Florio); these may have suggested the 
formation of the English word.] 

trans. To take away its consecrated or sacred 
character from (anything); to treat as not sacred 
or hallowed ; to profane. 

@1677 Barrow Ser, Wks. 1687 I. xv. 213 If we do venture 
to swear..upon any slight or vain. .occasion, we then dese- 
crate Swearing, and are guilty of profaning a most sacred 
Ordinance. (Not in Puitiirs, Cocker, Kersry.] 1675 [see 
DesecratinG Jp/. a.]. 1721 BAILEY, Desecrate, to defile or 
unhallow. 174x Mippteton Cicero I. vi. 416 What Licinia 
had dedicated... could n6t be considered as sacred: so 
that the Senate injoined the Pretor to see it desecrated and 
to efface whatever had been inscribed upon it. 1776 Horne 
Ox Ps, \xxiv, (R.) When the soul sinks under a temptation, 
the dwelling-place of God’s name is desecrated to the 
ground, 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) IIL, xxi. 
333 More plausibly even might we desecrate Sunday. 1860 
Pusey Min. Proph. 204 The. .vessels of the ‘lemple..were 
desecrated by being employed in idol-worship. 

b. To divert from a sacred ¢o a profane pur- 
pose ; to dedicate or devote /o something evil. 

1825 Blackw. Mag. XVIII. 156 With a libation of un- 
mixed water..did he devote us to the infernal gods—or ., 
desecrate us to the Furies. 1849 Sir J. SrepHEeN £ccl. Biog. 
(1850) I. 312 Particular spots .. were desecrated to Satan. 
1860 Pusey A/in. Proph. 76 Desecrating to false worship the 
place which had been consecrated by the revelation of the 
trueGod, 

ce. To dismiss or degrade from holy orders. 
arch, 

1674 Biount Glossogr., Desecrate, to discharge of his 
orders, to degrade, 1676 in Cotes. ¢ 1800. W, Tooke Russia 
(W.), The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punish. 
ment without being previously desecrated, 

De‘secrate, #//. a. rare. =DESECRATED. 

1873 Browninc Red. Cott. Nt.-cap 934 Than that her 
dignity be desecrate By neighbourhood of vulgar table. 

Desecrated (de'stkre'téd), A2/. a. [f. prec. vb. + 
-ED.]_ Deprived of its sacred character; treated 
as unhallowed, profaned. 

ax711 Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 IT. 68 Thou, O 
most holy, dost detest A desecrated Breast, 1833 L. Rircnie 
Wand. by Loire 48 The desecrated temple forms the stables 
and coach-houses, 

Desecrater, var. of DESECRATOR, 


Description, enrol- 


DESECRATING. 


De'secrating, #//. a. [f. DESEORATE v. + 
-InG 2,.] That desecrates or Fak a of sacredness. 


L. Appison State of Yews 190(T.) The desecrati 
nee of the enemy. “ak Trencu Poems, Visit to Tus 
culum 100 The rude touch of desecrating time. 


Desecration (des?kré"'Jon). [n. of action from | 


DESECRATE; see -ATION.] ‘The action of desecrat- 
ing, deprivation of sacred or hallowed character, 
profanation ; also, desecrated condition. 

1717 T, Parnect Life Zoflus (T.), They sentenced him 
[Zoilus] to suffer by fire, as the due reward of his desecra- 
tions. 1727 Bai.ey vol. II, Desecration, an unhallowing, a 
profaning. 1779 in Brand Hist, Newcastle (1789) 11. 124 
note, The oratory .. has been .. shut up to preserve it from 
future desecrations. a1808 Br. Porreus Profan. Lord's 
Day (R.), Various profanations of the sabbath .. threaten 
a gradual desecration of that holy day, 1858 Froupe Hist. 


240 
ete ene eden 


¢e. personified. 

¢ 1600 Suaxs. Sonn. lxvi, To behold desert a borne 
And needie Nothing trimd in iollitie. 1608 D. T. Zss. Pod. 
& Mor. 38 To hinder Desert from any place of eminencie. 
1866 G. Macponatp Ann, Q. Neighd. xii. (1878) 234 Desert 
may not touch His shoe-tie. 

2. An action or quality that deserves its appro- 
priate recompense; that in conduct or character 
which claims reward or deserves punishment. 
Usually in £/. (often = 1.) 

¢ 1374 Cnaucer 7 roy/us ut, 1218 (1267) If thi grace passe 
shaven desertis. 1393 Gower Con/. vty 154 He mote. .Se 
the desertes of his men. 1549 Coverpate Erasm. Par. 
2 Cor. 51 As every mans deseartes have been. .such shall his 
rewardes be. 1555 WaTREMAN Fardle of Facions. v. 56 
Punisshing thoff vnder his desertes. 1606 HotLanp 


Eng. III. xiii. 99 The desecration of the abbey chapel 
1870 Emerson Soc, §& Solit., Domestic Life Wks. ‘Bohn Ill. 
55 Does the consecration of Sunday confess the desecration 
of the entire week ? 


Desecrative (de's/kreitiv), a. [f. DesecraTe 


+ -IVE.] Calculated or tending to desecrate or | 


deprive of sacred character. 

a 1861 Mrs. Browninc Lett. R. H. Horne (1877) 1. ii. 18 
{Is} the union between tragedy and the gas-lights .. less 
desecrative of the Divine theory? 1865 CartyLe /redk. Gt. 
1X. xx. iv.71 Merchants’ Bills were a sacred thing, in spite 
of Bamberg and desecrative individualities. 

Desecrator (de'sékre'ta:). Also -er [agent-n. 
from DESECRATE: see -OR, -ER.] One who dese- 
crates or profanes. 

1879 Morey Burke vii. 131 The desecrators of the church 
and the monarchy of France. _ 1882 /arfer’s Mag. LXV. 
74 Man, the desecrater of the forest temples. 1884 Non- 
conf. & Indep. 27 Mar. 300/3 Desecrators of the Sabbath. 

+ Desecct, v. Obs.—° [f. L. désect-, ppl. stem 
of désecare to cut away or off, f. De- I. 2 + secdre to 
cut.) ¢rans. To cut away, cut down. 

jee R. Caworey Zable Alph., Desect, cut away from any 
thing. 

+ Dese:ction. Obs.—° [ad. L. désection-em, 
n. of action from désecare: see prec.] The action 
of cutting off or cutting down. 

1 Biount Glossogr., Desection, a cutting down. 1663 
F. Hawkins Youth's Behav. 102 Desection, a mowing or 
cutting off. 

Desederabill, var. DesInERABLE Obs. 

Desegmentation (disegménté-fon). Aio/. 
[f. De- 11. 1+ Srcment.] The process of reducing 
the number of segments by the union or coalescence 
of several of these into one, as in the carapace of 
a lobster, cranium of a vertebrate, etc. ; the fact or 
condition of being thus united. 

1878 Bett Gegenbaur’s Comp. Anat. 228 A number of 
metameres may be united to form larger segments .. 
This state of things results in a desegmentation of the 


body. 

Dese‘gmented, ///. a. iol. [f. as prec.] 
Having the number of segments reduced by coale- 
scence ; formed into one by coalescence of segments. 

Deseite, Deseive, obs. ff. DecriT, DEcEIvE, 

Desembogue, Deseminate, obs. ff. Disem- 
BOGUE, DISSEMINATE. 

Desemiticize, Desentimentalize, -ed: see 
De- II. 1. 

Desend, desention, obs, ff. DESCEND, -CENSION. 

Desere(n, Deserite, obs. ff. DisHetr v., Dis- 
HERIT. 

Desert (dizs-1t), 54.1 Forms: 4- desert, 3-6 
deserte, 4 desserte, 4-5 decertie, dissert, 6 
dyserte, 6-7 desart. [a™OF. desert masc., de- 
serte, desserte fem., derivs. of deservir, desservir to 
Deserve. The Fr. words are analogous to descent, 
descente, etc., and belong to an obs. pa. pple. desert 
of deservir, repr. late L, -servit-um for -servit-um.] 

1. Deserving; the becoming worthy of recompense, 
i.e. of reward or punishment, according to the 
good or ill of character or conduct; worthiness of 
recompense, merit or demerit. 6 

x . Grouc. (1724) 253 Vor be sopuast God... Dee after 
Pona-yp rte exgas Z. E. Allit. P. A. $ot Pou quytez 
vchon as hys desserte, 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E vij b, 
God rewarded eche of them after their deserte and meryte. 
@ 1541 Wyarr Poet, Wks. (1861) 168 Such sauce as they have 
served To me without desart. 1615 Cuarman Odyss. 1. 75 
€gisthus past his fate, and had desert To warrant our in- 
fliction, 1633 G. Herpert Temple, Sighs & Grones i, Odo 
not use me After my sinnes ! look not on my desert. x 
Jounson Rambler No. 193 ? 1 Some will always mistake 
the degree of their own desert. 1861 Mitt U7i/it. v. 66 
What constitutes desert?..a person is understood to de- 
serve good if he does right, evil if he does wrong. 

b. Ina good sense: Meritoriousness, excellence, 
worth. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. mi. pr. vi. 78 It seme pat gentilesse 
be a maner preysynge pat comeb of decert of auncestres, 
¢ St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 473 For pe childes hye desert, 

shewed meruaile in apert. 1590 MarLowe 2nd Pt. Tam- 
burl. v. iii, If you retain desert of holiness., 1655 Futter 
Ch. Hist. ut. vi. § 3 The Crown... due to him, no less by 
desert then descent. 1704 Appison Poems, Cam, 
On the firm basis of desert they rise. 1798 Trans. Soc. 
Encourag. Arts XV1. 353 I visited him as a man of desert. 
1840 Macautay Clive Ess. (1854) 38 Ordinary criminal 
justice knows nothing of set "he greatest desert 


= 5 
Sueton. 42 That neither himselfe nor the olde beaten soldiers 
might be rewarded according to their desarts. 1782 CowPeR 
Lett. 6 Mar., The characters of great men, which are alwa 
mysterious while they live .. sooner or later receive the 
wages of fame or infamy according to their true deserts, 
1861 Mitt Utilit, v. 92 To do to each according to his 
deserts. 

b. A good deed or quality; a worthy or meri- 
torious action ; a merit. ? Ods. 

[c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. pr. vii. 56 Or doon goode decertes 
to profit of be comune.) 1563 //omilies 1. Rogation Week. 
(1859) 472 Alwaies to render him thanks. .for his deserts unto 
us. 1657 J. Smitn Myst, Rhet. 143 It..serves for Amplifi- 
cation, when, after a great crime, or desert, exclaimed upon 
or extolled, it gives a moral note. 

3. That which is deserved; a due reward or re- 


compense, whether good or evil. Often in phr. 40 


| get, have, meet with one's deserts. 


nother ete nor 


1393 Lanci. 2. 77. C. 1v. 293 Mede and mercede. .bope 
men demen A desert for som doynge. 1483 Caxton G. de 
la Tour F vij, For god gyueth to euery one the deserte of 
his meryte. ax Lp, Berners //uon lix. 204, I shall 
rynke tyll thou hast thy dysert. x, 
Warning Faire Wom. u. 1508 Upon a pillory .. that al the 
world may see, A just desert for suchimpiety. 1663 Butter 
Hud. 1. ii. 40 But give to each his due desart. 1758 S. 
Haywarp Serm. i. 10 This is the proper desert of Sin. 1756 
Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. 1842 I. 18 Whether the greatest 
villain breathing shall meet his deserts. 1853 C. Bronte 
Villette xii. (1876) 474, 1 think I deserved strong reproof; 
but when have we our deserts? 1882 Ouipa Maremma 1. 
41 ‘He has got his deserts’, said Joconda. 

Desert (de‘zait), 54.2 Forms: 3- desert; 
also 3 deserd, diserd, 4 dissert, desarte, dezert, 
4-5 disert, 5 dysert, 5-6 deserte, 5-9 desart 
(which was the regularly accepted spelling of the 
18th century). [a. OF. desert (12th c. in Littré), 
ad. eccl. L. désertum (Vulgate, etc.), absol. use of 
neuter of désertus adj., abandoned, deserted, left 
waste : see DESERT a.] 

1. An uninhabited and uncultivated tract of coun- 
try; a wilderness: a. now conceived as a desolate, 
barren region, waterless and treeless, and with but 
scanty growth of herbage ;—e. g. the Desert of 
Sahara, Desert of the Wanderings, etc. 

a122g Aucr. R. 220 Ie desert..he lette ham polien wo 
inouh. cx12ago Gen. §& Ex. 2770 Moyses was. .In deserd 
depe. a1300 Cursor M. 5840 (Gitt.) Lat mi folk ne goakry 
Pass, to worschip me in desarte [v. 7. desert, dishert]. 
[bid. 6533 (Gott.) Quen [moyses] was comen into dissert. 
1484 Caxton Fables of Alfonce (1889) 2 He doubted to be 
robbed within the desertys of Ara’ 1634 Six T. Herpert 
Trav. 65 Barren Mountaynes, Sand and salty Desarts. 1691 
Ray Creation 1. (1704) 94 More parched than the Desarts of 
Libya. 1768 Boswett Corsica ii. (ed. 2) 117 [¢7. Tacitus] 
Where they make a desart, they call it peace. 19771 
Smottert Humph. Cl. 12 Sept., She fluttered, and 
flattered, but all was preaching tothe desert. 1815 Evpnin- 
stone Acc. Caubul (1842) 1. Introd. 25 He could live in his 
desart and hunt his deer. 1823 Byron /s/and u, viii. note 
The ‘ship of the desert’ is the Oriental figure for the came’ 
or dromedary, 1856 Stawiry Sinai § Pad. i, (1858) 64 The 
Desert..a wild waste of pebbly soil. 


ALY. LZ. 1. vii. 110 
shade of melancholly boughes. Dennam wep tne 
186 Cities os desnata, Woetaks Tier blame. 1834 Mrpwin 
Angler in Wales 1. 69 Moors covered with whinberry 
bushes..A more uni ing desert be ived, 
2. transf. and fig. 


1725 Pork Odyss. 1v. 748 To r8am the howling desart of 
the Main. 1813 tie Giaour Bs The leafless desert of 
the mind. 1827 Sourney /7ist, Penins, War Il. 752 What 
in language is called a desert ; by which term an 

blish is desi; where those hren whose 


+ 3. abstractly. Desert or deserted condition ; 
desolation. Ods. 

€ Merlin 59 He was in a waste contree full of diserte, 
1 D, Berners /roiss. I, cclxxxiv. 424 The pee ed 
cok enabnnt ut devtytred Lymoges, and how it was 
clene voyde as a towne of £1 

+4. An name for a covey of lapwings. 

“ros F vj b, A Desserte of Lapwyngs, 1688 
in R, Hotme Armoury. : 


DESERT. x 


5. Comb. a. attrib., as desert-air, -bird, -circle, 
-dweller, -pelican, -ranger, -troop ; D. locative and 
instrumental, as desert-bred, -locked, -wearied adjs. ; 
¢. similative, as desert-world, desert-like, -looking 
adjs.; also desert-chough, a bird of the genus 
Podoces, family Corvide, found in the desert regions 
of Central Asia ; desert-falcon, a species of falcon 
inhabiting deserts and prairies, 2 member of the 
subgenus Gennwa, allied to the peregrines ; desert- 
rod, a genus of labiate plants (Zremostachys) from 
the Caucasus (77eas. Bot.); desert-ship, ‘ ship of 
the desert’, the camel or dromedary; desert-snake, 
a serpent of the family Psammophidx, a sand-snake; 
and in various specific names of plants and animals, 
as desert-lark, -mouse, -willow. : 

1750 Gray Elegy xiv, And waste its sweetness on the *desert 
air, 1813 Byron Giaour 950 The *desert-bird Whose beak 
unlocks her bosom’s stream To still her famish’d nestlings’ 
scream. 1862 M. L. Wuatety Ragged Life Egypt x. (1863) 
88 It [is] hard for any who are not *desert- to find their 
way. 1879 DownEN Sonthey vii. 193 The *desert-circle 

irded by the sky. 1810 Scorr Lad of L. m. iv, The 
desert-dweller met his path. 1 Ris C. F. Gorpon 
Cumminc in 19th Cent, Aug. 302 *Desert-larks, wheat-ears. 
and other .. birds do their best to diminish the locusts, 
1621 Lapy M. Wrorn Urania 441 In the *Desart-like 
wildernes. 1872 Baxer Nile 7ribut. xxii. 384 These 
*desert-locked and remote countries. 1844 Mem. Babylonian 
P’cess. I. 121 A sandy “desert-looking tract. 1845 Mrs. 
Norton Child of Islands (1846) 113 A “desert-pelican whose 
heart's best blood Oozed in slow drops. 1822 J. MontTGomMERY 
Hymn, ‘ Hail to the Lord's Anointed’ iv, Arabia's *desert- 
ranger To Him shall bow the knee. 1824 Byron Def. 
Trans. 1. i. 116 The .. patient swiftness of the *desert-ship, 
The helmless dromedary! a Hoop An Ofen Question 
xiv, That desert-ship the camel of the East. 1821 SHELLEY 
Prometh. Unb. 1. 352 The brackish cup Drained by a 
*desert-troop. 1827 Kesre Chr. Y. 2nd Sund. after Easter, 
The *desert-wearied tribes. 1833 Rock Hierurg. (1892) I. 
182 Pilgrimage through this *desert-world, 

Desert, obs. form of DEssErT sé. 

Desert (de-zait\, a. Also 4-6 deserte, 6-8 
desart. [ME. desert a. OF. desert, mod.F. dé- 
(11th c.) = Pr. and Cat. desert, Sp. desierto, 
It. deserto :—L. désert-us abandoned, forsaken, left 
or lying waste, pa. pple. of désertre to sever con- 
nexion with, leave, forsake, abandon, etc. : in later 
use treated as an attributive use of DesErr sé., 
and stressed desert; but the earlier stress is found 
archaically in 18-19th c. in sense 1.] 

1. Deserted, forsaken, abandoned. arch. 

Sometimes as pa. pple.: cf. Desert v. 4. 

1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxvi. 233 Wyde clothes des- 
tytut and desert from al old honeste and good vsage. 1540 
Hyrve tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) Mvj, Noemy 
had beene a widow and desert in deede. 1633 P. FLercner 
Poet. Misc., Elisa u. iv, Her desert self and now cold Lord 
lamenting. 1774 S. Westey in Westm, Mag. 11.654 When.. 
lies desert the monumented clay. 1792 S. Rocers Pleas. 
Mem. 1. 69 As through the gardens desert paths I rove. 
1868 Morris Earthly Par. 1, 254 In that wan place desert 


of h and fear. 

2. Uninhabited, unpeopled, desolate, lonely. 

(In mod. usage this sense and 3 are freq. combined.) 

1297 R. Grouc, 232 Pe les .. Byleuede in a wylder- 
nesse..Pat me clepup nou Glastynbury, pat desert was po. 
a1340 Hamrote Psalter Cant. 514 He fand him in land 
deserte. 1494 Fanyan Chron. 1. ii. 9 This Ile wt Geaunts 
whylom inhabyt.. Nowe beynge deserte. 1577 B. Gooce 
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 127 They seeke 
and desartest places that may be. Drvpen Virg, 
Georg. 1. 94 W Deucalion hurl'd His Mother's Ent 
on the desart World. 171x Appison Sfect, No. 85 P2 
Fallen asleep in a desart wood. 1856 Bryant Poems, Toa 
Veineel iv, The desert and illimitable air. 

3. Uncultivated and unproductive, barren, waste ; 
of the nature of a desert. 


trey..is desart, sterile and full of loose sand, 
Dryven Virg. Georg. 1v. 147 A thirsty Train That Jong 
have travell’d thro’ a Desart in, 1716 Lapy M. W. 


Turrtwatt Greece VI, li. 243 A cross-road leading over 
a arid tract. 
4. fig. Dry, uninteresting. rare. 
a Mitton Hist. Mose. . (1851) 470 To a 
travail of wandring through so y 
esert Authors. , 

Desert (dizdut), v. [a. mod.F. déserier' to 
abandon, in OF. to make desert, leave desert, = 
Pr. and Sp. desertar, It. desertare ‘to make desart 
or desolate’ (Florio), late L. désertare (Du Cange), 
freq. of déseréve to abandon.] 

1. “rans. To abandon, forsake, relinquish, give 
up (a thing) ; to depart from (a place or position). 

1603 in Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl, 11. xiii. 365 He.. was 

uit to obey calling him thairto, and to leave and 
Fis Wet Ghemrecth tom Moses Gammresth (he Rede,’ satires 
bore Jliad xiv. 488 His slacken’d hand deserts the lance 
it bore, bape Task 1. 392 


OE ance ieee. Pie onan: pone to desert his 


DESERT. 


ancient ground. 1879 Luspock Sc7. Lect. ii. 36 Such a plant 
would soon be deserted. 

2. To forsake (a person, institution, cause, etc. 
having moral or legal claims upon one) ; sfec. of 
a soldier or sailor: ‘Io quit without permission, 
run away from (the service, his colours, ship, post 
of duty, commander, or comrades). : 

5 Crarenpon /Zist. Reb. 11. (1843) 44/t His affection to 
the church so notorious, that he never deserted it. 1654 tr. 
Martini's Cong. China 182 Kiangus seeing himself deserted 
of the ‘lartars..returned to the City. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryhe's 
Voy. E. Ind. 277 The Dutch that sometimes desert us, and go 
over to the King of Candi. ¢1790 Wittock Voy. 175 The 
christian merchants .. totally deserted him. 1791 Mrs. 
Ravcurre Rom, Forest xii, The offence you have com- 
mitted by deserting your post. 1891 Sir H. C. Lopes in 
Law Times’ Rep. UXV. 603/1 A husband deserts his wife 
bales ia absents himself from her society, in spite of 

er wish. 


b. To abandon or give up fo something. arch. 

1658 J. Wess tr. Cleopatra VIII. ii. 53 The Princesse 
..deserted her soul to the most violent effects of Passion, 
1673 Mitton True Relig. Wks. (1847) 563/2 It cannot be 
imagined that God would desert such painful and zealous 
labourers ..to damnable errours. 1812 LaNnpor Count 
Julian Wks. 1846 II, 508 Gracious God ! Desert me to my 
sufferings, but sustain My faith in Thee ! 

e. Of powers or faculties: To fail so as to 
disappoint the needs or expectations of. 

1667 Mitton P. L. vil. 563 Wisdom. .deserts thee not. 
1748 Anson's Voy. 11. x. (ed. 4) 322 The infallibility of the 

oly Father had. .deserted him, id Teeth Plato (ed. 2) 
I, 260 In the presence of Socrates, his thoughts seem to 
desert him. 

+d. To fall short of (a standard). Ods. rare. 

1664 Power Ex. Philos. 1. 91 The Quicksilver. .will not 
much desert nor surmount the determinate height..of 29 
inches 

3. zntr. (or adsol.) To forsake one’s duty, one’s 
post, or one’s party ; esp. of a soldier or sailor: 
To quit or run away from the service in violation 
of oath or allegiance. 

-~ Frnl. Ho, Lords, Vhe Lords Spiritual. .who Deserted 
(not Protested) against the Vote in the House of Peers. 
1693 W. Frexe Art of War vy. 247 Hannibal finding his 
Souldiers desert. 1792 Gent?. Mag. LXI1.1. 561 The fourth 
regiment .. deserted in a body with their Colonel at their 
head. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Tvav. (1812) II. 299 The Kozaks.. 
deserted to the Turks, 1840 THirtWALL Greece VIL, lvii. 230 
He deserted in the midst of the battle. 

4. Sc. Law. a. trans. (with pa. pple. in 6 desert.) 
To relinquish altogether, or to put off for the 
time (a suit or ‘diet”) ; to prorogue (Parliament). 
b. intr. To cease to have legal force, become 
inoperative. 

1539 Sc. Acts Fas. V (1814) 353 (Jam.) That this present 
parliament proceide .. quhill it pleiss the kingis grace that 
the samin be desert. 1569 Dinrn. Occurr. (1833) 152 Thair 
foir that the saidis lettres sould desert in thameselff. 1752 
J. Lournian Form of Process (ed. 2) 251 For deserting a 
Diet, or assoilzieing a Pannel. 1773 Erskine Jus¢. wv. (Jam.., 
If any of the executions appear informal, the court deserts 
the diet. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scotl. s.v. Desertion, 
To desert the diet sémf/iciter ..will..put a stop to all 
further proceedings. 

Hence Dese:rting v0/. sb. and fi. a. 

1646 J. WnitaKker Uzziah 23 His just deserting of them. 
1700 Drypen Palam. & Arc, m1. 411 Bought senates and 
deserting troops are mine. 1883 T7es 27 Aug. 3/6 Colonel 
Rubalcaba. .almost single-handed, had pursued his desert- 
ing regiment. 

Deserted (d/zs-1téd), p47. a. [f. Desert v, + 
-ED.] Forsaken, abandoned, left desolate. 

1629 J. Maxwee tr. Herodian (1635) 413 The deserted 
Villages. 1667 Miron P. L. iv. 922 Thy deserted host. 
175t Jounson Rambler No. 107 ®8 The hospital for the 
reception of deserted infants, 1769 Gotpsmitn (¢it/e) The 
Deserted Village: a Poem. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V. 
212 The deserted hamlets were then set on fire. 


Dese'rtedness. [f. prec. +-Nxss.] Deserted 
condition, forlorn desolation. 

1818 Blackw. Mag. II. 219 The .. unexpected deserted- 
ness ., of this romantic city. 1866 AtcEr So/it. Nat. § 
Man u. 37 True desertedness and its pangs. 

Deserter (dizs-1to1). Also 7 desertor, -our. 
[f Desert v.+-ER!; after F. déserteur, L. désertor 
one who forsakes, abandons, or deserts, agent-noun 
from déserére to leave, forsake.] 


1. One who forsakes or abandons a person, place, 
or cause ; usually with implied breach of duty or 
allegiance. Const. of. 

1635 A. Srarrorp Fem. Glory (1869) 80 A base Desertour 
of my Mother Church. 1 Dryven Virg. Georg. wv. 91 
Streight to their ancient Cells .. The reconcil’d Deserters 
will repair. 1769 ¥unius Lett. xv. 64 A submissive admin- 
istration .. collected from the deserters of all parties. oy 
Act 48-9 Vict. c. 60 § 15 The extradition of offenders (includ- 
ing deserters of wives and children). 

2. esp. A soldier or seaman who quits the service 
without permission, in violation of oath or alle- 
giance. 

1667 Decay Chr. Piety iii. § 7. 219 We are the same de- 
sertors whether we stay in our own camp, or run over to 
the enemy’s. 1700 S. L. tr. Fxyke's Voy. E. Ind. 91 These 
we immediately hung up ..as it is the constant custom, 
which the Dutch observe whenever they catch any of their 
Deserters. 1841 Evpuinstone //ist. Jnd. Il. 165 Deserters 
of different ranks came in from Cabul. 

attrib, 1 Daily News 13 Jan., The deserter officers. 

Von, III. 


241 


Desertful (d/z5:3tfiil), a.1 ? Ods. [f. Desert 
sb.14+-FUL.] Of great desert ; meritorious, deserv- 
ing. Const. of 

1583 Go.pinG Calvin on Deut. \xxxiv. 518 To shewe that 
God is beholden to vs, that our workes are desertfull, 1621 
Fretrcuer Wild-Goose Chase v. vi, Vill 1 be more desertful 
in youreye, 1638 Forp Lady’s 7rial.. i, ‘Therein He shews 
himself desertful of his happiness. 

+ Dese'rtful, ¢.2 Obs. rare. 
+-FUL.] Desert, desolate. 

160r Cuester Loves Mart. 21 Enuie, go packe thee..To 
some desertfull plaine or Wildernesse. 

Dese'rtfully, adv. [f. Deserrrun a.) + -1y.] 
By desert, deservingly, rightfully. 

1598 Munpay & Cuertir Downf, Earl Huntington u. ii. 
in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 132 As Lacy lies, Desertfully, for 
pride and treason stabb'd. 1619 7Znze’s Storehouse 58/2 \1..), 


[f. DrsErt sd,” 


Aristotle (and very desertfully) calleth the commonwealth of | 


the Massilians oligarchia. 1625 J/odedd Wit 62 Wherefore 
desertfully. .a fault of diuers conditions .. ought not to bee 
censured with one and the same punishment. 

Desertion (dizd1fan). Also 7 dissertion. 
[a. F. désertion (1414 in Hatzf.), ad. L. désertion- 
em, n. of action from deserve to forsake, abandon, 
f. De- I. 2 + sercve to join.] 

1. The action of deserting, forsaking, or abandon- 
ing, esp. a person or thing that has moral or legal 
claims to the deserter’s support ; sometimes simply, 
abandonment of or departure from a place. 

x W. Perkins (¢7¢/e), Spiritual Desertions, seruing to 
Terrifie all Drowsie Protestants. 1612-15 Br. Havi Con- 
templ., N. T. 1. vi, Season, and sea, and wind, and their 
Master's desertion, had agreed to render them perfectly miser- 
able. 1651 DAVENANT Gondibert U1. 111. lxiv, These scorn the 
Courts dissertion of their age. 1671 Mitton Samson 632 
Swoonings of despair, And sense of Heaven’s desertion. 1683 
Brit, Spec. 178 After the Desertion of this Island by the 
Romans. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 170 ® 13 Mingled his 
assurances of protection .. with threats of total desertion. 
1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxviii. 278 A desertion of the 
coast and a trial of the open water. 1875 Jowetr Plato 
I. 341 He is certain that desertion of his duty is an evil. 

2. Law. The wilful abandonment of an employ- 
ment or of duty, in violation of a legal or moral 
obligation ; esf, such abandonment of the military 
or naval service. Also, wilful abandonment of the 
conjugal society, without reasonable cause, on the 
part of a husband or wife. 

1712 W. Rocers Voy. Introd. 18 In case of Death, Sick- 
ness or Desertion of any of the above Officers. 1811 WEL- 
LINGTON in Gurw. Desf, VIII. 292 They have nearly put a 
stop to desertion from the enemy’s ranks. 1840 THirtwaLt 
Greece VII. \vii. 231 Ranks thinned by frequent desertions. 
1891 Sir H. C. Lopes in Law Times’ Rep. LXV. 603/1 
To constitute desertion the parties must be living together 
as man and wife when the desertion takes place. 

3. Sc. Law. Desertion of the diet: Abandonment 
of proceedings on the libel in virtue of which the 
panel has been brought into court ; which may be 


simpliciter, altogether, or pro /oco et tempore, tem- - 


porarily. See Drserr v. 4. 

1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scotl. 281/1 The effect of such 
a [simfliciter] desertion of the diet is declared to be, that 
the panel shall be for ever free of all challenge or question 
touching that offence. 

4. Deserted condition ; desertedness. 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 174 13, | was convinced, by 
a total desertion, of the impropriety of my conduct. 1821 
Soutney Vs. Yudgem. iii, ‘That long drear dream of deser- 
tion. x Farrar Marlo. Serm. vi. 51 The College build- 
ings will be almost melancholy in their desertion and silence. 

+b. Theol. ‘Spiritual despondency; a sense of 
the dereliction of God’ (Johnson). Oés. 

@1716 Soutn (J.), The spiritual agonies of a soul under 
desertion, 

+ Desertive (dizs:itiv),%. Obs. rare. [f. De- 
SERT 5d,!+-IVE.] Meritorious, worthy. 

1596 Nasue Saffron Walden 124 Master Bodley, a Gentle- 
man .. of singular desertiue reckoning and industrie. 

Desertless (d/zs-1tlés), a. [f. Desert sé.1 

+-LESS.] 

1. Without desert or merit ; undeserving. 

160r Cornwattyes Ess. m1. li. (1631) 329 If desertlesse the 
begger and you differ but in the quantitie. 1631 Heywood 
Maid of West . 1. Wks. 1£74 11. 352 Prize me low And of 
desertlesse merit. 1700 Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo 11. 108 
He promis’d to reform the Militia, and afterwards admitted 
Persons wholly desertless. 1891 Pal? Mall G. 23 Dec. 2/3 
Constant to her desertless husband. 

+ . oe undeserved. Ods. 

1556 J. Hevwoop Spider §& F. xv. 47 This augmenteth m 
greefe, Thus to be chargde, with desertion reneste: pri 
DEKKER Gentle Craft Wks. 1873 I. 74 Your Grace .. Heapt 
on the head of this degenerous boy, Desertless favours. 
1613-31 Primer our Lady 366 The mother wailing For her 
Sons desertlesse paine, 

+3. Involvingnorecompense or reward ; thankless. 

1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. m1. vi, 1 am allotted To that 
desertlesse office, to present you With the yet*bleeding head. 
1615 T. ApaMs Lycanthropy Ep. Ded. 1 tt is no desertlesse 
office to discover that insatiate , Soc 

Hence Dese‘rtlessly adv., undeservedly. 

1611 Beaum. & Fi. King § xo King m1. ii, People will call 
you valiant ; desertlessly I think. 

Desertless (de-zaitlés), 2.2 rare. [f. DESERT 
sb.2 + -LESS.] Without or devoid of desert land. 

1822 New Monthly Mag. 1V. 374 We recognize the lio 
as having some other relation to our desertless jsland. —- 


DESERVE. 


Desertness (de‘zaitnés), [f. Desert a. + 
-NESS.] Desert condition ; barren desolation. 

a 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 203 In whylsum place of 
desertnes. 1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke v. 64 The 
desertenesse of the countrey liyng waste. @1656 UssHer 
Ann. (1658) 773 The desertnesse of the Country. .did much 
afflict them. 1860 Ruskin J/od. Paint. V. 1x. i. 201 True 
desertness is not in the want of leaves, but of life. 

+ Dese‘rtrice. Os. rare. [f. Deserrer: on 
the type of IF. feminines, e.g. acteur, actrice : see 
-TRICE.] A female deserter. 

1645 Mitton Jetrach. (1851) 166 Cleave to a Wife, but let 
her bee a wife .. not an adversary, not a desertrice. 

So also Dese‘rtress, Dese’rtrix. [see -TRIX.] 

In mod. Dicts. ; 

| Dese'rtuous, desa‘rtuous, 2. Oés. [irreg. 
f. L. désertum Dusert sb.* + -ous.] Of the nature 
of a desert ; of or pertaining to a desert. 

1632 Lirncow 77vav. v1. 253 In all this deformed Countrey, 
wee saw neyther house, nor Village, for it is altogether de- 
sartuous. /déd. vii. 320 ‘The Isthmus, and Confine of De- 
sartuous Arabia, /did. 1x. 378 My Desartuous wandring. 

De'serty, a. [f. Desert sd.2 +-y.] Having 
the quality of a desert. 

1891 W.S. Hawkes in Chicago Advance 29 Jan., The most 
deserty of deserts, where there is not a green thing. 

+ Dese'rvably, adv. “Obs. rare. [f. *deservable 
(f. DESERVE v. + -ABLE).] Deservedly, justly. 

1593 Q. Eniz. Boethius wv. 86 Want of punishment, which 
deserueably thy self hast confest is the greatest yll Iniquitie 
can haue, 

Deserve (dtzs1v), v. Forms: 4- deserve; 
also 4 de-, des-, discerve, desserve, 4-6 dis- 
serve, 6 dyserve. [a. OF. deserv-ir, now (for 
sake of pronunciation) desservir:—L. déservire to 
serve zealously, well, or meritoriously, f. DE- I. 3 
+ servire to serve: hence, in late pop. L., to merit 
by service.] 

+1. ¢vans. To acquire or earn a rightful claim, 
by virtue of actions or qualities, to (something’ ; 
to become entitled to or worthy of (reward or 
punishment, esteem or disesteem, position, desig- 
nation, or any specified treatment). Ods. or arch. 

[x292>Britton vy. x. § 5 Si ele ne puisse averrer .. qe ele 
pout dowarie y deservi] c1325 /. de. Addit. 2. B. 613 
3yf euer by mon vpon molde merit disserued.  ¢ 1340 Crrsor 
AT, 10350 (‘Trin.) Childre pat. .ofte deseruen [Lazat decervyn] 
muchel mede. c¢ 1400 Ao. Kose 3093, I drede youre wrath 
to disserve. 1495 slct 11 Hen. 1/1, c. 22 § 4 Artificers .. 
waste moch part of the day and deserve not their wagis. 
@ 1533 Lo. Berners //vox |xiii. 219 Honoure is dewe to 
them that dyserueth it. 1590 Suaxs. A//ds. Nv. ii, 124 
When at your hands did I deserue this scorne? 1713 Appt- 
son Cat‘ot. ii, "Tis not in mortals to Command Success, But 
we'll do more, Sempronius ; we ’ll Deserve it. 

tb. Const. with 2xf. Obs. or arch. 

1385 Cuaucer L.G. IV. Prol. 502 That hast deseruyd 
sorere for to smerte. ¢1400 Maunpev. (1839) ix. 200 Men 
that han disserved to ben dede. 

te. with indirect obj. and subord. clause. Ods. 

1529 More Dyaloge 1v. Wks. 268/1 Nor neuer deserued 
we vnto him y* he should so much doe for vs. 

2. To have acquired, and thus to have, a rightful 
claim to; to be entitled to, in return for services 
or meritorious actions, or sometimes for ill deeds 
and qualities; to be worthy to have. (Now the 
ordinary sense, in which /o dese: ve is the result of 
having deserved in sense 1.) 

[¢ 1400 Maunvev. (Roxb.) Prol. 1 He desserued neuer nane 
euill; for he did neuer euill, ne thoght neuer euill.) ¢ 1440 
Promp, Parv. 120 Deservyn.. be worthy to havyn (K), 
mereor. ¢1500 New Not-br. Mayd in Anc. Poet. Tracts 
(Percy Soc.) 46 Mercy or grace, A fore your face, He none 
deseruethindede. 1599 H. Butres Dyets drie Dinner Gv, 
We have many other herbes which deserve that name. 1599 
Suaxs. Much Ado u1.i. 45 Doth not the Gentleman Deserue 
as full as fortunate a bed? 1631 Suirtey Love Tricks v. ii, 
He gave me two or three kicks, which I deserved well 
enough. 1651 Hoppers Leviaté. 1. xxvii. 156 All Crimes doe 
equally deserve the name of Injustice. 1668 Lapy Cua- 
worTH in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v.10 Mr. Ho. 
. deserves a better fate than to be ever of the loosing side. 
1676 Lister in Ray's Corr. (1848) 124, I am well pleased 
your Catalogue of Plants is again to be printed : it certainly 
deserves it. 1716 Lapy M.W. Montacu Le?¢. 10 Oct. (1887) 
I. 128, I deserve not all the reproaches you make me. c¢ 1850 
Arab, Nts. 546 Do you think that you deserve the favour ? 
Mod. The subject deserves fuller treatment than can be 
given to it here. 

Jig. or transf. a@ 1631 Donne Lett., To Mrs. B. White 
(1651) 6 Not to return till towards Christmas, except the 
business deserve him not so long. 

b. Const. with inf. 

1585 J. B. tr. Viret’s Sch. Beastes Aivb, Yf the beastes 
do better their office.. then men doe theirs, they deserve 
more to be called reasonable, then men. 1612 Brinstry 
Lud. Lit. xiii. (1627) 174 Herein many a Master deserves 
rather to be beaten then the scholler. 1841-4 EmErson 
Ess., Spir, Laws Wks. (Bohn) I. 65 Only those books come 
down which deserve to last. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) 
I. ii. go The clergy had won the battle then because they 
deserved to win it. 

3. absol. or intr. +a. To become entitled to the 
fitting recompense of action, character, or qualities. 
b. To be so entitled ; to have just claims for reward 
or punishment ; to merit, be worthy. Often in phr. 
to deserve ill or well of. : 

¢ 1300 7 reat. Pop. Science 140 And went wheder heo hath 
deserved, to joye other to pyne. 1340 Hampote Psalter 
xvi. 1 Here me as my rightwisnes deserues. 1400 Destr. 

31* 


DESERVE. 


Troy 12029 Ryches..To be delt to pe dughti..As pai soth! 
desseruyt. 1535 Coverpate Zec/. ix. 5 They y* be pod 
knowe nothinge, nether deserue they eny more. a 1669 
‘Trare in Spurgeon 7yeas. Dav. Ps. vii. 16 Executed at 
Tyburn, as he had well deserven. 1697 Drypen lirg. 
pons 0 136 That he, who best deserves, alone may reign. 
1709 EARNE Coélect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IL. 234 He deserves 
well of the Publick. 18r1 Gent. Fioyp in Southey Life 
Bell (1844) 11. 640 You would, indeed, to use the French 
phrase, ihesieve well of the a 1840 ‘THACKERAY 
Paris Sk. Bk, Fr. Fashion. Novels, Deputies who had de- 
served well of their country. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed, 2) V. 
348 Slaves ought to be punished as they deserve. 
ec. in implied good sense. 

1608 Mipoieton 7/7ick to catch Old One 1. i, Find him so 
officious to deserve, So ready to supply! 1952 Younc 
Brothers w.i, While you deserved, my passion was sincere. 

+4. trans. To secure by service or quality of 
action; to earn, win. b. Const. fo (=for): To 
earn or win for (another). Ods. 

1377 Lanai. P. Pl. B. xiv. 134 Selden deieth he out of 
dette pat dyneth ar he deserue it. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 
299 He ..which had his prise destrved Waa made begin a 
middel borde. 1440 Gesta Rom. x. 29 (Harl. MS.) Me 


most euery day nedis laboure, and deserue viij pense. ¢1500 | 
Lancelot 1027 Vharfor y red hir thonk at pow disserue. 1590 | 


Mar.towe “dw. //, 1. ii, But by the sword, my lord, ’t 
must be deserv'd. 

b. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.A. xvii. (1495) 43 And 
in prayenge the angel desceruyth mede to vs. ¢ 1449 Pecock 
Repr. i. xix. 266 A cros..was the instrument wher yn Crist 
..deserued to us al oure good. 1628 GauLte Pract. 7h. 
(1629) 10 How..could the humane Nature of ours deserue 
that to vs which his own could not deserue vnto it selfe ? 

+ 5. To serve, do service to; to be serviceable or 
subservient to; to serve or treat well, to benefit. Ods. 

©1340 Cursor M. 8405 (Trin.) pat neuer did ne disserued 
(Cott. seruid) vileny. 1382 Wycuir //ed. xiii. 16 By suche 
oostis God is disseruyd. 1g§0r Douctas Pal. //on, Prol. 93 
How lang sall I thus foruay Quhilk 3ow and Venus in this 
garth deseruis? 1625 Massincer New Way w. ii, Of all the 
scum that grew rich by my riots, This .. and this .. have 
worst deserved me. 1634 — Very Woman 1. iii, You in this 
Shall much deserve me. 

tb. éatr. with fo, for, or infinitive in same sense. Odés. 

© 1380 Wyciir Ser. Sel. Wks. II. 250 Loue techip to for- 
3eue hem and disserue to hem. c 1480 tr. De /milatione i. 
lv, Thou knowist..hov muche tribulacion deseruip to purge 

rust of my vices. c¢ 1460 BA, Grossetest's Honseh Stat. 
in Babees Bk, (1868) 330 The vessels deseruyng for ale and 
wyne. 1526 /’ilgr Perf. iW. de W. 1531) 109 b, For these 
vertues .. deserueth to the gyfte of pite, and thexercyse of 
them disposeth..man to the perfeccyon of the same. 

+6. ¢vans. To give in return for service rendered; 
to pay back, requite. Ods. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1624 Medea, My might, ne my 
labour, May nat disserve it in myn lyvys day. 1393 Gower 
Conf. II. 156 But other, which have nought deserved 
Through vertue .. A king shall nought deserve grace. 
1470-85 Matory Arthur ut. ix, Lam moche beholdyng ynto 
hym, & I haue yll deserued it vnto hym for his kyndenes. 
1523-5 Lp. Beeners /rorss. 11. 638 (R.) Whereof we shall 
thanke you, and deserve it to you and yours. 

Deserved (diz5-1vd, -éd), ppl.a. [f. prec. + -ED.] 

1. Rightfully earned ; merited. 

1552 Hutort, Deserued, meritus. 1579 Sipney A fol. 
Poetrie (Arb.) 20 His deserued credite. 107 Snaks. Cor. 
11. iii. 140 Giue him deseru’d vexation. 1709 Steere 7atler 
No.g Pt The Old Batchelor, a Comedy of deserved Repu- 
tation. 1828 Scott /. A/. Perth xxxii, The day of thy de- 
served doom, 1859 F. Hatt. Vdsavadattd, Pref. 46 Com- 
mentaries which are held in deserved esteem, 

+2. That has deserved [ L. mer7¢us] ; meritorious, 
worthy; =DEsERVING ffl. a. Obs. rare. 

1607 SHaks. Cor. 1. i. 292 Rome, whose Gratitude To- 
wards her deserued Children, is enroll d. 

Deservedly (dizsvedli), adv. [f. Deservep 
+-LY2. Cf. L. merito.]) According to desert or 
merit ; rightfully, worthily. 

1548 THomas /tal. Gram., Meritamente, woorthely or 
deseruedly. 1576 Fremine /’anopl. Epist. 415 It may de- 
servedly challenge immortalitie. 1671 Mitton /?. 2. 1. 407 
Deservedly thou griev'st, composed of lies. 1709 Appison 
Tatler No. 122 ? 1 A People of so much Virtue were de- 
servedly placed at the Head of Mankind, 1872 Jenkinson 
Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 176 Some of the views are much 
and deservedly per tt 

Dese‘rvedness. [f. as prec.+-nrss.] The 
quality of having ce-erved ; desert, worthiness; in 
good sense, excellence. 

a 1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (tas) 24 No exterior Signe of 
degree, or deservedness. 1643 1. Goopwin Aggrav. Sin 31 
Daniel would convince Balshazzar of his deservednesse to 
lose his Kingdome. 1889 A. P. Foster in Chicago Advance 
28 Mar., ‘he deservedness of his cause. 

Dese'rveless, ¢. rare. [f. Deserve v. + 
a Undeserving. 

1648 Herrick //esfer., To his Bk, (1869) 79 Deserveless of 
the name of Paragon, 

Hence Dese‘rvelessly adv., undeservedly, un- 
justifiably, 

1654 Vitvain Efit, Ess. 1.77 Henry put to death deserve- 
lesly [printed deservdlesly), tT wo Noblemen. 

Deserver ((/z5:1va1). In 6 -our. [f. DESERVE 
v.+-ER!, Cf. OF, deserveor, -eur (Godef.).] One 
who deserves or merits ; esp. one who deserves well. 

1549 Upatt, etc. Erasm, Par. 1 Tim, vi. 2 More is to 
be done for y’ deseruour than for the exactour, more for 
the louyng maister[etc.]. 1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CZ. 1. ii. 193 
Whose Loue is neuer link'd to the deseruer, Till his deserts 
are past. 1623 BincHam Eta pte 139 Kinde remembrers 
of your well deseruers. 1631 Laup Wes, (18: a; 256 ‘The 
man certainly is an ill deserver, 1704 Swirt ri 6 iil. Wks. 


242 


we I. 48 Other great deservers of mankind. ie E. 
ATHER lem. II, 364 Christ is the deserver of everything 
for sinners. * 

+ Dese'rveress. ds. 
female deserver. 

1612 Suetton Quix. I. 1.i. 3 Make you Deserveress of the 
teers that your Greatness deserves. 1710Sreete 7atler 

0. 178 Pt. 2 

+ Dese'rvice. (ls. rare—'. In 5 -yce. [f. 
DESERVE v., after service. (OF. had deservice = 
DIssERVICE.)] = Desert sd! ; deserving. 

1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. \xxviii. 64 He reproued. .lyther 
tyrants and hem chastysed after hir deseruyse. 

+ Dese'rvient, ///. a. Obs. [ad. L. déservient- 
em, pr. pple. of déservire to serve zealously, etc.] 
Of service, helpful. 

1578 Banister Hist. Mam 1. 22 Passages .. deseruient to 
the transmitting of Sinewes. 1661 Sir //, Vane's Politicks 
12 More sutable to the Time, then deservient to Necessity. 

Dese (diz3-1vin), vl. sb. [f. DESERVE 
v.+-1NG!.] Desert, merit ; = Desert sd.1 

1388 Wycuir P's. vii. 5 Falle Y, bi disseruyng. 1482 Monk 
of Evesham (Arb.) 37 Aftyr ther olde merytys and de- 
seruynges .. holpe .. or lettyd. @1gq4x Wyatr Poet. Wks. 
(1861) 185 Chastise me not for my deserving According to 
thy just conceived ire. 1600 E. Biounr tr Conestaggio 94 
Striving to make knowne his better deserving. 1721 CipBER 


[f. prec. + -Ess.] A 


Love in Riddle. i, My weak Praise would wrong his full . 


Deservings. 1814 Mrs. J. West Alicia de Lacy |, 181 Was 
he, indeed. ignorant of his own deserving? 1866 KincsLey 
//erew iii, Ah, that he would reward the proud according 
to their deservings, 

Dese'rving, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] 
That deserves (good, ill, etc.) ; used contextually 
with either sense implied ; but esf. in a good sense, 
meritorious, worthy. 

1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 117 Your meritorious and 
wel deserving behaviour. c 1610 MippieTon, etc, Widow 
1. i, To the deservingest of all her sex. 1676 Drypen 
Aurengz. v.i. p. 77 Cease to grieve And for a more de- 
serving Husband live. @1685 Otway (J.), Courts are the 
slaces .. Where the deserving ought to rise. 1828 G. W. 
Bae Ann. Yamaica M1. xv. 224 Severer punishment 
upon the deserving culprits. Mod. The problem of the 
relief of the deserving poor. 

b. Const. of (rarely omitted’. F 

1769 Go.psmitn Rom. //ist. (1786) Il. 259 He was highly 
deserving this distinction. 1813 J. THomson Lect. [nflam. 
171 Observations the more deserving of your attention. 1854 
J.S.C. Assott Na/folcon (1855) 11. xii. 206 They all appeared 
deserving his attention. 1855 Macautay ///st. Eng. VII. 405 
Delinquents. deserving of exemplary punishment. 

Deservingly (dizsvinli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY-.) Ina deserving manner ; meritoriously. 

1552 Hucoet, Deseruingly, merito. c1561 Veron Free- 
will 51 b, lustlye and deseruinglye put from those thinges, 
1650 R. Sraryiton Strada's Low C. Warres vin. 3 Had 
often (and deservingly) the experience of ill fortune. 1737 
Clorana 125 Bellmont had placed his Friendship very de- 
servingly. 

Dese‘rvingness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.] De- 
serving quality, desert, merit ; worthiness. 

1631 Celestina xi. 145 Growne to. .a better deservingnesse 
in your selves, 1865 J. Grore Treat, Moral /deas ii.(1876) 
21 That virtue consisted in moral beauty, or in deservingness 
of human approbation. 

sese, obs. var. of DIskASR, DISSEIZE v. 

+ Desespei'r, 5. Ols. Also 5 dess-, dis-, 
-peyr(e. [a. OF. desespeir (mod.F. désespotr), vbl. 
sb. from désespérer to DesPatr, q.v.]  By-form of 
DESPAIR 5d, 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 605 With desespeir (v.77. des- 
sespeir, disespeyr] so sorwfully me offendeth. 1393 Gower 
Conf. I. 125 In desespeire a man to falle. 

+ Desespei're, v7. Ods. Also disespeyre. [a. 
OF. desespere-r.] By-form of Despair v. 

€ 1380 Cuaucer Com. tg his Lady 7 So desespaired Lam 
from alle blisse, ¢1430 LypG. A/in. Poems (Percy Soc.) 236 
A verray preef of his mercy, that no man disespeyre, — 
ibid. 179 Disespeyred. 

+ Dese'sperance, -aunce. (és. Also dis-. 
[a. OF. niet He (1ath c. in Hatzf.) = Pr. des- 
esperansa, a Romanic compound of des-, L. dis- + 


esperantia, -2a, -ce, f. esperare, esperer:—L.. spérare | 


to hope.] Despairing, despair. : 

©3374 Cuaucer 7’ roy/us 11,1258 (1307) That lay. . By-twixen 
hope and derk desesperaunce. c 1460 Pol. Rel. & 2. Poems 
(1866) 68 His suerte he putteth in disesperaunce. 

+ Dese'sperat, a. O/s. In 4 dis-. [ad. OF, 
desesperé, Pr. desesperat, =1.. désperat-us despaired, 
DesPERATE.] Desperate, hopeless. 

¢1384 Cuaucer 1, Fame wm. 925 And wost thy selfen 
outtirly Disesperat of alle blys. 

Deseue, -seuy, -seve, obs. ff. DeckivE v. 


¢ 1350 Will. Palerne 3307 A-drad to pe deth pei deseuy 
here wold, 


Desever, obs. form of DissEvER 2. 

Deseyt, -te, Deseyve, obs. forms of Drcrir, 
Deceive, ete. 

Des -guise, -gyse, obs, ff, Discuss. 

abille: see DIsHABILLE. 

Desherit, etc., obs. form of DisHertr, etc. 

Deshese, Deshight, obs. ff. Diszasx, Dr- 
SIGHT. 

Deshonour, obs. form of DisHonour. 

Desi, obs. form of Dizzy a. 

Desiatin, var. of DesstaTINE. 


, DESICCATIVE. 


Desiccant (disi-kint, de-sikint), @. and sd. 
ad. L. désiccant-em, pr. pple. of désiccare: see 
rere and _ there as to stress.] 

. adj, Having the Perty of drying ; serving 

to dry; esp. of a medicinal agent. — . 
Asn, Desiccant, ing, dryi humours. 
HC Woon Therap. i879) 39 Liters ©. wood sa deme 
cers, 


| cant astringent powder for u 


B. sb. A drying or desiccating agent ; a medicine 
or remedy which dries up. 
Be  - Wiseman Surgery vi. v. (R.’, We endeavour by 
erate detergents and desiccants, to cleanse and dry the 
diseased parts. 1866 Pall Mall G. No. 492. 739/1 Dry air 
is the most effective desiccant. 

Desiccate, ff/. a. arch. [ad. L. désiccat-us 
dried up, pa. pple. of déstccare: see next.) Desic- 
cated, dried. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb, wv. 179 But daies thre this seede 
is goode bewette In mylk or meth, and after desiccate Sette 
hem; thai wol be swete. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 842 Bodies 
desiccate, by Heat, or Age. 1840 Browninc Sorde//o 11. 313 
Juicy in youth or desiccate with age. ‘ 

Desiccate (disi-ke't, desikeit), v7 [f. L. déstc- 
cat-, ppl. stem of déstccare to dry completely, dry 
up, f. De- I. 3 + stccare to dry, stecus dry. 

(For changing stress see note to ConreMpLate : desi'ccate 
is the only pronunciation in Dicts. down to 1864, and in 
Ogilvie 1882, Cassell 1883.)] 

. trans, Yo make quite dry; to Wh Bee thor- 
oughly of moisture ; to dry, dry up. Also fig. 

In U.S. applied to the thorough drying of articles of food 
for preservation. 

1575 Turserv. Faulconrie 261 They doe mollifie, and de- 
siccate the wounde or disease. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 727 Wine 
helpeth to digest and desiccate the moisture, 1657 TomLin- 
son Kenou's Disp. 181 This .. will desiccate an wv 1808 
J. Bartow Columé, w. 426 No.. courtly art [shall] Damp 
the bold thought or desiccate the heart. 1832 I. Tayior 
Saturday Even. (1834) 297 Atheism in all its forms desiccates 
the affections. 1839 Pawey Festus Proem, Though we 
should by art Bring earth to gas and desiccate the sea. 1883 
Proctor in Anow/, 3 Aug. 74/1 The shock was of sufficient 
intensity to .. partially desiccate the muscular tissues, 

2. intr. ‘To become dry. rare. 

1679 Rycaut Grk. Church 277 Bodies of such whom they 
have Canonized for Saints to continue unconsumed, and .. 
to dry and desiccate like the Mummies in Egypt. 

Hence Desiceating v//. sb. and pf/. a. 

1651 tr. Bacon's Life & Death 7 They speak much of the 
Elementary Quality of Siccity or Drienesse ; and of things 
Desiccating. 1866 J. Martineau £ss. 1. 388 ‘The very things 
which this desiccating rationalism flung off. 1871 B. Srewart 
Heat § 63 The .. air was .. thoroughly dried by being passed 
through a desiccating apparatus. 1893 4 thenanum 1 Apr. 
402/2 That desiccating of the Anglo-Saxon in North America 
which Humboldt and others have commented upon, 

Desiccated (disike'téd, desike'téd), ppl. a. 
[f. Desiccate v. + -ED.] Deprived or freed of 
moisture ; dried; (of food) dried for preservation, 

1677 Hate /’rim. Orig. Man. 1. vii. 193 By elevation .. 
from the Sea or some desiccated places thereof. 1847-8 H. 
Miter First /mpr. xvii. (1857) 330 The living souls. . which 
had once animated these withered and desiccated bodies. 
1884 Health Exhib, Catal. g/t Preserved Potato and Desic- 
cated Soup. /fd. 18/1 American Breakfast Cereals. . hulled, 
¢ rushed, steam-cooked, and desiccated. P 

Desiccation (desikéfan). [ad. L. désiccation- 
em, n. of action from déstvcare ; see DESICCATE v.] 
The action of making quite dry; depriving or free- 
ing of moisture; dried wp condition. 

1477 Norton Ord. Alch. vii. in Ashm. (1652) 104 Another 
Fier is Fire of Disiccation. 1541 R. CorLann Guydon's 
Formularye 'Y ivb, C d d P 
venym requyreth stronge desiccacyon. 1684 ‘Tl. Burnet 7A. 
Earth u. 26 A great drought and dessication of the earth, 
1805 W. Saunpers A/in. Waters 352 To finish the desicca- 
tion of the residue over a water bath. Maceitiivray 
tr. Humboldt’s Trav. iii. 44 Mummies, uced to an extra- 
ordinary degree of desiccation. 1865 Livixcstone Zambesi 
iv. Zz The general desiccation which Africa has u ls 

. attrtb., as desiccation-crack, in Geol., a crack 
produced in a bed of clay in the process of dryin; 
and subsequently filled by a new deposit of soft 
matter. 

1865 Pace Geol. Terms 173 A neces .. known as de- 
siccation cracks. . not to be confounded with ‘ joints’, ‘ cleavy- 

‘and similar phenomena. 1880 A. R. Watiace /s/. Life 

. 85 Irregular desiccation marks, like the cracks at t 
bottom of a sun-dried muddy pool, 1882 Geir 7exrt-dk. 
Geol. Ww... 485 These desiccation-cracks or sun-cracks. . prove 
that the surface of rock on which they lie was exposed to 
the air and dried before the next layer of water-borne sedi- 


ment was deposited upon it, 

tive (disi‘kativ, de*sikeltiv), a. and sd. 
Also 5-6 desyccatif, dyssyccatiue. [ad.med.L. 
désiccativ-us, f. L, désiccat-: see above and -IVE.] 
_ A. adj. Having the tendency or quality of dry- 
ing up. 

Say Cortann Galyen's aa 2 Aivb, The faculte 
of med s ought to be desyccatyfe, 1601 HoLtanp Pliny 
xxxu"°x, Astringent it is, desiccative, binding, and knitting. 
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1.60 Warm winds, as the Si 

armatan, etc,, are more desiccative than cold winds. 
‘LT. Tuomson Chem. Org. Bodies 429 It is more desi 
than linseed oil. _ 

B. sb. A desiccative are a ee name 

c A moist discracie. . t 

iSite aie" Sas Sara Poros 
Jarye R iij b, ees be colde, Speers and 
infrigidatyues. 160x Hottanp Pliny IL. 138 Wheat is such 
a desiccatiue, that it wil draw and drie vp the wine or any 


te with © 


DESICCATOR. 


other liquor in a barrell which is buried within it> 1708 
Brit. Apollo No. 72. 2/1 Coffe is a very great Desiccative. 
1758 J. S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg.(1771) 201 The Wound.. 
was dressed with .. Desiccatives, calcined Alum [etc.]. 

Desiccator (dési-k-tor, de'sikeitor). [agent-n. 
in L. form from déstccdre to Desiccoare.] One 
who or that which desiccates or dries; a name 
given to a chemical apparatus used to dry sub- 
stances which are decomposed by heat or by ex- 
posure to the air (=IExsiccaTor); and, in later 
commercial use, to contrivances for the desiccation 
of fruit, milk, or other articles of food, also of tan- 
bark, etc. 

1837 R. B, Eve Pract. Chem. 173 Occasionally evaporations 
are performed with much benefit by aid of desiccators. 1883 
in Encycl. Dict. (Cassell), 

Desiccatory (d/si‘kateri), a. [f. as DesiccaTe 
v.+-ORY.] Desiccative. 

¢ 1800 Travels of Anacharsis I. 467 (L.) Pork is desic- 
catory, but it strengthens and passes easily. 1892 4 thenwune 

o Jan. 145/2 Beneath the desiccatory influences to which 
Cenyal Asia has beer subject for centuries. 

Deside, obs. form of DrcipE. 

+Desiderability. Ods. [f. next: see -rry.] 
The quality of being desirable ; desirableness. 

1635 Heywoon Hierarch. u. Comm. 97 Amabilitie, Desi- 
derabilitie.. Pulchritude, Lucunditie. 

+Desi‘derable, a. Ovs. Also 4 deseder-, 
desyder-. [ad. L. désiderdil-’s desirable, f. 
désiderare (see DESIDERATE): cf. rare OF. desi- 
derable, and see DESIRABLE.] To be desired; 


desirable. 

ar Hampotr Psalter xviii. 11 Pe domes of God are 
desiderabile abouen all riches. c 1340 — Prose Tr. 2 Sothely, 
Ihesu, desederabill es thi name. cx14g0 tr. De /ttatione 
ut. v, Verily bere is non oper pinge here laudable ner de- 
siderable. 1540-54 Croker Ps. (Percy Soc.) 33 More then 

old desiderable Or stones most precious to se. 1611 

RYAT Crudities 32 My selfe hauing had the happinesse to 
enjoy his desiderable commerce. 1675 Art Content. x. x. 
233 “Tis sure no such desiderable guest that we should go 
out to meet it. 

Hence + Desi‘derably adv. Ods. 

1635 Quartes Em. v. v. 263 O.. most holy fire ! how 

sweetly doest thou burne!..how desiderably doest thou 
inflame me! 
. Desiderant (dési-dérant), a. and sé. rare. [ad. 
L. désiderant-em, pr. pple. of désiderare to DESIRE.] 
A. adj. Desiring, desirous: (implied in next ady.). 
B. sb. One who desires a thing. 

1860 J. R. Batantyne Bible for the Pandits 111 When 
one writes up ‘ The smallest donation thankfully received’, 
it is tacitly implied that the donation shall not be what the 
desiderant does not care to have. 

+ Desi‘derantly, adv. Os. rare—'. [f. pree. 
+ -LY?: cf. L. destderdnter, and OF. deside- 
vamment, similarly formed.] Desiringly, desir- 
ously. 

¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione mn. liv, Pat bei aske so desiderantly 
of god. 

Desiderata, pl. of DesipERaTuM, q.v. 

+ Desi‘derate, a. and sd. Obs. [ad. L. dési- 
derat-us desired: see next.] 

A. adj. Desired; desirable. 

1640 G. Warts tr, Bacon's Adv. Learn... ii. 199 So these 
are the Parts which in the knowledge of Medicine, touching 
the cure of Diseases, are desiderate. ¥ 

B. sb. A thing that is desired ; a desideratum. 

1640 G. Warts tr, Bacon's Adv. Learn. Pref. 23 Where 
we deliver up any thing as a Desiderate. 1664 Evetyn Sylva 
(776) pe Those who shall once oblige our nation with a full 

“and Absolutely Compleat Dictionary, as yet a Desiderate 
amongst us. 1 — Mem. (1857) 111, 223 When I shall 
have received those other desiderates, I may proceed to the 
compiling part. Nap 

Desiderate (dési-déreit), v. [f. L. déstderat-, 
ppl. stem of déstderare to miss, long for, desire, f. 
de- (De- I. 1, 2) +a radical also found in con-sider- 
Gre, perhaps connected with sidus, stder- star, con- 
stellation; but the sense-history is unknown: cf. 
ConsIDER. ] 

trans. To desire with a sense of want or regret ; 
to feel a desire or longing for; to feel the want of ; 
to desire, want, miss. 

5 R. Batu Disswasive Vind. (1655) 29 In that pas- 
torall freedome I desiderate these three ching 1646 Six T. 

Browne Pseud, Ep. Pref. Avja, If any way..wee may ob- 
taine a worke, so much desired, at least, desiderated of truth. 

~ 1730 T. Boston JZem. App. xil. 453, I desiderated satisfying 
impressions. 1788 Gisson Le¢. Misc. Wks. 1796 I. 679 In an 

evening I desiderate the resources of a family or a club. 1829 
Soutuey in Q. Rev. XX XIX. 123 The t_ step which is 

now desiderated in education. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton 

Metaph. xxxix.(1870) II. 384 He evacuates the phenomenon 

of all that desiderates explanation. 1839 John Budl 11 Aug., 

We desiderate to know whether der itself be idered 

one [an offence]. 1865 TroLtore Belton Est. xxvii. 321 In- 

capable of enjoying the kind of life which he desiderated. 


Desiderated (disi-déreitéd), Al. a. [f. prec. 
vb. +-ED.] Desired, wanted, required. 

@1743 Cueyne (J.), Eclipses are of wonderful assistance 
toward the solution of this so desirable and so much de- 
siderated problem. 1836 T. Hook Gurney Married (1839) 

Kitty returned .. bearing in her hand .. the desiderated 
é like the word, it is so long and so new) basin of broth. 
1854 H. Mitcer Sch. § Schme. xxv. (1857) 550 The desiderated 
want was to be supplied by its writer. 


243 


Desideration (disi:déréi'fon). [ad. L. dési- 
deration-em, n. of action from désiderare: see 
DEsIDERATE and -aTIon.] 1, The action of desi- 
derating ; desire, with feeling of want or regret. 

2e1525 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 386 Yif it like youre be- 
nygnyte Nouth to ben displesid wyth my desideracyon Me 
longith to youre presense now conjunct to the unyte. 1633 
'T. Avams £.xf. 2 Peter iii. 18 Thus it [i.e. Amen] is a note 
of confirmation, as well as desideration. 1813 W. Taytor 
Eng. Synon. (1856) 293 Desire is aroused by hope, while de- 
sideration is inflicted by reminiscence. 1861 G. Merepiru 
Evan Harrington 1, iv. 53 He will assuredly so dispose of 
his influence as to suit the desiderations of his family. 

+2. Thing desired, desideratum. Obs. rare. 

1836 Lanpor Peric. & Asp. xxviii, Coriander-seed might 
correct it..’lhe very desideration ! 

Desiderative (disidértiv), a and sé, 
L. désiderativ-us (in late L. grammarians), f. dés7- 
derat- ppl. stem: see -IVE. (In mod.F. déstdéra- 
zif.)] A. adj. 

1. Having, expressing, or denoting desire; per- 
taining to desire. 

1655-60 Staney //ist. Philos. (1701) 207/1 That to every 
apprehensive faculty, there might be a desiderative; to 
embrace what it judgeth good, to refuse what it esteemeth 
evil. 1816 ‘I. Taytor “ss, VIII. 50 The liver signifying 
that he lived solely according to the desiderative part of his 
nature, 

2. Gram. Of a verb or verbal form: Formed from 
another verb to express a desire of doing the act 
thereby denoted; of or pertaining to such a verb. 

1ssz Hutoer H v b/1 It is to be noted how all verbes end- 
yng in 7rio.. be verbes desideratyue, as desierynge or 
entendynge to perfourme the act of their significations. 1711 
tr. Werenfels’ Disc. Logomachys 226 Verbs .. frequentative, 
inchoative, imitative, and desiderative. 1857 M. Wittiams 
Sanskrit Gram. (1864) 2g2 Nouns and participles derived 
from the desiderative base are not uncommon. 1879 Wutr- 
NEY Sausk. Gram. § 1026 By the desiderative conjugation 
is signified a desire for the action or condition denoted by 
the simple root. 

B. sb. Gram. A desiderative verb, verbal form, 
or conjugation : see prec. 

175t Harris Hermes i. vii. (1786) 127 A species of Verbs 
called .. in Latin Desiderativa, the Desideratives or Medi- 
tatives. 1855 Forbes //indistint Gram, (1868) 65 Desider- 
atives, as.. ‘to wish, ov to be about, ov like to speak’. 
1857 M. Wittiams Sanskrit Grant. (1864) 205 Desiderz 
may take a passive form by adding ya to the desiderative 
base after, rejecting final a. ; 

|| Desideratum (dési:déréi-tim). Pl.-ata. [a. 
L. désideratum thing desired, neuter of désiderat-us, 
pa. pple. of déstderare: see DESIDERATE v. The 
subst. use belongs to med.L. Also used in the L. 
form in mod.F, and Sp.] Something for which 
a desire or longing is felt ; something wanting and 
required or desired. 

| N. Cutverwet Light of Nat. 33 (Stanf.) All De- 
siderata shall be suppli’d. 1654 WuirLock Zootomia 454 
Here that Desideratum my Lord Bacon speaketh of .. 
is supplyed. 1668 Witkins Read Char. Ep. to Rdr. 63 ‘The 
various Desiderata, proposed by Learned men, or such 
things as were conceived yet wanting to the advancement 
of several parts of Learning. 1782 A. Monro Compar. 
Anat. Introd. (ed. 3)6 A.. technical dictionary .. is one of 
the desideratainanatomy. 180z PLayratr /dlustr, Hutton. 
Th. 338 The explanation of them was still a desideratum in 
geology. 1807 Sourney Life (1850) III. 105 One of the 

reatest desideratums in modern Oriental literature. 1875 

owett P/ato (ed. 2) III. 161 The fitness of the animal for 
food is the great desideratum. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serne. 
iii. (1877) 47 A great number of people in every age, do want 
morality without religion : it is a great desideratum. 

|| Deside‘rium, [L.; =longing, sense of want, 
desire, f. stem of destderare: see DESIDERATE.] 
An ardent desire or wish; a longing, properly for 
a thing once possessed and now missed ; a sense 
of loss, 

1S Swirt Let. to Pope 28 June, When I leave a country 
;- I think as seldom as I can of what I loved or esteemed 
in it, to avoid the desiderium which of all things makes life 
most uneasy. 1789 G. Wuite Selborne (1853) I. xxxiii. 249 
This strange affection probably was occasioned by that 
desiderium, 1883 Sat. Rev. 21 Apr. 485/2 Many Liberals 
regard the memory of Lord Beaconsfield with a desiderium 
which has not been exhibited towards that of any English 
political leader within the memory of living man. a 

+Desi-dery. Obs. rare. [a. OF. desiderie 
(11th c. in Godef.), ad. L. déstderium longing, 
desire: see prec.] Desire, wish. 


[ad.. 


| 
| 
| 


c1450 Craft of Lovers (R.), My name is True loue—of | 


cardinal desidery .. the very exemplary. 1513 Brapsuaw 
St. Werburge 1. 1498 To brynge his doughter to the hous of 
Ely .. after her desydery. /ézd. 2899 ‘There to be tumy!ate 
after her desydery. 

dio'se, z. Obs. =next. 

1727 Baiey vol. II, Desidiose, desidious, idle, slothful, 
lazy, sluggish. 1755 Jounnson, Desidiose, idle, lazy, heavy. 
1822 Mrs. E. Natuan Langreath I11. 290 From the lower 
orders becoming desidiose. [Used jestingly.] 

+Desi‘dious, «. Os. Also 7 diss-. [ad. L. 
désidids-us slothful, f. dés¢dia sitting idle, indolence, 
slothfulness, f. désédére to sit long, sit idle, f. DE- I. 
3 + sedére to sit.] Idle, indolent, slothful. 

@ 1540 [implied in next]. 1608 R. CrakANntuorre Serve. 
(1609) A iij a, Some. .blamed both him and other Bishops, as 
being desidious. 1 R. Humpnrey tr. St. Ambrose il. 5 
To be desidious and defectiue in pious workes. 1647 Warp 
Simp. Cobler (1843) 75 Yee fight the battells of the Lord, bee 
neither desidious nor perfidious. 1656 in BLount Glossogr. 


DESIGN, 


+Desidiousness. 0és. [f. prec. + -Nxss ] 
Idleness, indolence, slothfulness. 

a1s40 LeLanp Let. to Cromwell in Wood Ath. O.von. J. 
68 The Germanes perceiving our desidiousness and negli- 
gence do send daily aes Scholars hither, that spoileth 
them [ancient authors] and cutteth them out of libraries, 
returning home and putting them abroad as monuments of 
their own country [etc.]. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. 
XXXVIli. (1739! 58 ‘This dissidiousness of the greater sort made 
one step further to the full perfection of that manner of 
Trial. 1651 /did. 11. vi. (1739) 33 He found the People.. 
vexed at his Grandfather's desidicusness. 

Desie(n, obs. form of Dizzy. 

Desight ((ésait). [f. De- + StcHT; prob. orig. 
a variant of desstght, Dissicut, q.v.) A thing un- 
sightly, an ugly object to look at, an eyesore. 

(But in the first quot. perhaps a misprint for despight.) 

[1589 Purrennam “vg. /oesie wu, xxiv. (Arb.) 292 [If he] 
come sodainly to be pold or shauen, it will seeme onely to 
himselfe, a deshight and very vndecent.] 1834G. Cox Orford 
in 1834, v.65 A splendid error and a grand desight, Gro- 
tesquely Gothic, blunderingly bright. 1852 Miss Yonce 
Cameos II. vi, 68 Three emeralds, three pearls, and one 
large rough pebble, which was such a desight to the others, 
that [etc.]. 

Desi'ghtment. rare. [f. as prec. + -meNvT.] 
The act of making unsightly ; disfigurement. 

@ 1864 7imes (Webster, Substitute jury-masts at whatever 
desightment or damage in risk, 

Design (dizain), 5. Also 6 de-, des-, dis- 
seigne, disseine, 7 designe, (dessein, disseene, 
8 deseign). [In 16th c. des(se¢gne, a. 15-16th c. 
I. desseing (in 16th c. also dessing, desing) ‘de- 
signe, purpose, proiect, priuat intention or deter- 
mination’ (Cotgr.), f. desseigner to Design. In 
16th c. It. désegno (also dissegno, designo) had the 
senses ‘purpose, designe, draught ; model, plot, 
picture, pourtrait’ (lorio). Hence the artistic 
sense was taken into Fr., and gradually differcn- 
tiated in spelling, so that in mod.¥, dessetn is ‘ pur- 
pose, plan’, dess?z ‘design in art’, Eng. on the 
contrary uses des?yi, conformed to the verb, in both 
senses. ] I. A mental plan. 


1. A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and 
intended for subsequent execution ; the preliminary 
conception of an idea that is to be carried into effect 
by action ; a project. 


design of insurrection. 

b. ‘A scheme formed to the detriment of an- 
other’ (J.); a plan or purpose of attack sfov 
or ou. 

a1704 Locke (J.), A sedate, settled design upon another 
man’s life. 1704 Cinper Careless //ush. u. i, ‘Vo be in love, 
now, is only to have a design upon a woman, a modish way 
of declaring war against her virtue. 1848 MacauLay //is¢. 
dng. I. 598 It was thought necessary to relinquish the 
design on Bristol, 1858 Lyrron IVhat Will he do? 1.i, He 
had no design on your pocket. 

2. In weaker sense: Purpose, aim, intention. 

1588 SHaxs. L. ZL. LZ. 1v.i. 88 [Armado writes] Thine in the 
dearest designe of industrie. /é/d. vy. i, 105. 1594 
Rich, (11,1. ii. 211 Vhat it may please you leaue these sad 
designes ‘lo him that hath most cause to be a Mourner. 
1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 108 They who ask 
relief, have one designe : and he who gives it, another. 1697 
Drypen Virg. Past. vi. 37 He.. demands On what design 
the Boys had bound his hands. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s Anc. 
Hist, (1827) 1. 344 With design to besiege it. 1736 BuTLer 
Anal. 1. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 50 The design of this chapter is to 
inquire, how far this is the case. 1792 2. A/unchhausen’s 
Trav. xxx. 135 They extended an elephant’s hide, tanned 
and prepared for the design, across the summit of the tower. 
1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q. Neighd. xxxiii. (1878) 564 My 
design had been to go at once to London E 

= Intention to go. (Cf. DESIGN v. 13.) 

1725 De For New Voy. (1840) 57 My design was to the 
north part of the island. i 

ec. phr. By (tout of, on, upon) design: on 
purpose, purposely, intentionally, 

1628 Honpes 7 Aucyd. (1822) 65 ‘he man being upon design 
gone..into Sanctuary. 1650 Futter Pisgah u. xii. 261 On 
design to extirpate all the smiths in Israel. 1665 MaANLEY 
Grotius’ Low C. Warres 141 Either out of Design, or Sim- 
plicity. a@1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 4, I have, on 
design, avoided all laboured periods. 1867 Freeman Norm. 
Cong. (1876) I. App. 628 William, whether by accident or 
by design, was not admitted. 

3. The thing aimed at; the end in view; the 
final purpose. 

[1605 Suaxs. AZacé, u. i. 55 Wither’d Murther. .towards his 
designe Moues like a Ghost.] 1657 CromweLt in Four C. 
Eng. Lett. 86 We desire. . thatthe design be Dunkirk rather 
than Grauelines. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. ut. 604 If Milk 
be thy Design; with plenteous Hand Bring Clover-grass. 
Se Lapy M. W. Montacu Le/t. to W. Montagu 24 Mar., 

appiness is the natural design of all the world. 1833 
Cuatmers Const, Man (1835) 1. iv. 187 Virtue was the de- 
sign of our Creation. 

4, Contrivance in accordance with a preconceived 
plan; adaptation of means to ends; pre-arranged 

31*-2 


DESIGN. 


purpose ; sfec. used in reference to the view that 
the universe manifests Divine forethought and 
testifies to an intelligent Creator (the argument 
Srom design). 


1665 MAN.eY Grotius’ Low C. Warres 141 Either out of | 


Design, or Simplicity. 1736 [see DesiGner 1]. 1802 Pacey 
Nat. Theol. ii. § 3 The arg from design rer as it 
was. /bid. ii. § 4 The machine, which we are inspecting, 
demonstrates, by its construction, contrivance and design. 
1831 Brewster Vezvton 1855) 1. xiii. 359 ‘The arrangements, 
therefore, upon which the stability of the system epends, 
must have been the result of design. 1855 Tennyson Maud 
u. u. i, What a lovely shell .. With delicate spire and whorl, 
How exquisitely minute, A miracle of design! 1883 Hicks 
(title), Critique of Design-Argunrents. 

5. In a bad sense: Crafty contrivance, hypocri- 
tical scheming ; an instance of this. Cf, DEsIGNING 
ppl. a.2. arch. 

a1704 T. Brown Praise of Poverty Wks. 1730 1. 
Honesty (they think) design, and design honesty. 171 De 
For Crusoe 1. xiv. (1858) 219 A. faithful. .servant. .without 
passions, sullenness, or designs. 1738 WesLey Hymns, 
‘Almighty Maker, Ged !" vi, Thy Glories I abate, Or praise 
Thee with Design. 1796 Br. Watson A fod. Bible 276 If this 
mistake proceeds from design you are still less fit. 1871 B. 
Taytor /aust (1875) L. v. 99 "T'was all deceit and lying, false 
design. 

II. A plan in art. 

6. A preliminary sketch for a picture or other 
work of art; the plan of a building or any part of 
it, or the outline of a piece of decorative work, 
after which the actual structure or texture is to be 
completed ; a delineation, pattern. 

1638 Junius Painting of Ancien’s 270 What beauty and 
force there is in a good and proportionable designe. 1645 
N. Stone Enchirid. Fortif. 78 Profile, An Italian word for 
that designe that showes the side..of any work. 1703 
Moxon Jlech. Exerc. 252 "Vis usual..for any person before 
he begins to Erect a Building, to have Designs or Draughts 
drawn upon Paper. .in which Designs. .each Floor or Story 
is delineated. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 278 ‘The neces- 
sary designs for the iron rails of the balcony. 1821 W. M. 
Cras Drawing, Painting, etc. \ect.1.29 That theseitinerant 
workmen had a certainsset of designs, or rather patterns, 
handed down from generation to generation. J/od. The 
Committee appointed to report on the designs sent in for 
the new Corn Exchange. 

7. The combination of artistic details or archi- 
tectural features which go to make up a picture, 
statue, building, etc.; the artistic idea as executed ; 
a piece of decorative work, an artistic device. 

1644 Evetyn Jem. (1857) 1. 73, | was particularly desirous 
of seeing this palace, from the extravagance of the design. 
1670 Sik S. Crow in 12th Rep. Hist, MSS. Comm. App. v. 
15 Their ordnary designes [in tapestry] .. beeing deformed 
and mishapen. 1797 Mrs. Ravcurre /talian Prol. (1826) 
3 Simplicity and grandeur of design. 1851 D. Witson Preh. 
Ann. (1863) IL. mt. v. 133 A silver bracelet of rare and most 
artistic design. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola vii, To admire 
the designs on the enamelled silver centres. 1884 7 ves 
(weekly ed.) 26 Sept. 4/1 It is the design that sells the cloth. 

b. ¢ransf. of literary work in this and prec. 
sense. 

Uh Emerson Lett. & Soc. dims, Poet. & Imag. Wks 
(Bohn) III, 153 Great design belongs to a poem, and is 
better than any skill of execution,—but how rare! 1879 
B. Tayior Stud. Germ. Lit. 262 His design is evidently 
greater than his power of execution. 

8. The art of picturesque delineation and con- 
struction ; original work in a graphic or plastic art. 

Arts of design: those in which design plays a principal 
part, such as painting, sculpture, architecture, engraving. 
School of design: a school in which the arts of design are 
specially taught. 

1638 Junius Painting of Ancients 271 [From} Designe and 
Proportion..we should proceed to Colour. 1735 BERKELEY 
Querist § 68 The art of design, and its influence in most 
trades or manufactures. 1850 Lertcn Afvller’s Anc, Art 
§ 25.9 Design or the graphic art..produces by means of 
light and shade the appearance of bodies on a surface. 
Ruskin 7wo Paths i. (1858) 44 Design, properly so called, is 
human invention, pd cing ete. capacity. 

Design (dizain), v. Also 6 desyne, 6-7 de- 
signe, 7 disseigne, dissigne. [a. F. désigner 
(16th c. in Rabelais, in 14th c. desinner Godef. 
Suppl.) ‘to denote, signifie, or shew by a marke 
or token, to designe, prescribe, appoint’ (Cotgr.), 
ad. L. désignare, dissignare to mark out, trace out, 
denote, DesiGNarE, appoint, contrive, etc., f. DE- 
I. 2 and Dis- + signare to mark, sienum mark, 
Sien. Cf. Pr. designar, desegnar, Sp., Pg. designar, 


It. disegnare (in 16th c. also dissegnare, designare, ° 


Florio). In It. the vb. had in 16th c, the senses 
‘ to designe, contriue, plot, purpose, intend ; also to 
draw, paint, embroither, modle, pourtray ’ (Florio); 
thence obs. F. desseigner ‘to designe, purpose, pro- 
iect, lay a plot’ (Cotgr.), and mod.F. dessiner, in 
16th c. designer, 17th c. dessigner, to design in the 
artistic sense. In Eng., design combines all these 
senses. ] 

I. [after L. désigndre, F. désigner) To mark 
out, nominate, appoint, DESIGNATE. 

+1. trans. To point out by distinctive sign, 
mark, or token; to indicate. Also with forth, 
out, Obs. 


1593 Suaks. Rich. //,1. i, 203 We shall see Lustice desi 
the Victors Chiualri "1504 S Amoretti \xxiv, Most 


| happy letters!.. With which that 


244 


nes priest 
1614 Seven 7itles Hon. 117 
+. with such Sub i to 
é oy ae we Ne mos the place whither 
ke en igni untous whit 
hee is eomtels 1668 Sepiey Mulb. Gard. 1. ii, ‘Those 
Cravats that design the Right Honourable. 

absol. 1606 Warner Alb, Eng. xiv. \xxxviii. (1612) 360 
Euen so As had their Oracles of them dissi long ago. 

2. To point out by name or by descriptive phrase ; 
in Law, to specify (a person) by title, profession, 
trade, etc. ; to designate, name, style. Sometimes 
with double obj. (direct and complemental). arch. 

1603-21 Kxottes Hist, Turks 1311 Willing the Turks 
to designe the ie which had thrown the stone. 1614 
Rareicn Hist. World WU. w. iii. § 1. 178 He left his King- 
dom to the worthiest, as designing Perdiccas. 1794 SULLIVAN 
View Nat. 11. 393 Voltaire. .in designing Geneva, called it 
la petite Répableque voisine de ses terres. 1814 SouTHEY 
Roderick xvm, The plains Burgensian .. ere long To_ be 
design’d Castille. 1874 Act 37-8 Vict. c. 94 § 38 The writer 
..is not named or designed. 

+3. Of names, signs, etc.: To signify, stand for. 

1627 Hakewitt Afol. (1630) Bbbiijb, The numerall .. 
then designeth so many hundred thousand. a 1631 Donne 
Serm. (1839) IV. cvii. 466 A few lines of ciphers will design 
..that number. 1642 Jen Tayior Efpisc. (1647) 138 Names 
which did designe temporary offices. ae 

+4. To appoint to office, function, or position ; 
to designate, nominate. Const. as in 2. Obs. 

1596 Bett Surv. Pofery mi. xii. 509 The priest was de- 
signed ouer the penitents in euerie church. 1607 TorseLt 
Four-f, Beasts 1658) 127 A perpetuall and unquenchable fire, 
for the watching whereof, were Dogs designed. 1611 SreeD 
Hist. Gt. Brit. 1X. xvi. (1632) 862 Where Election designeth 
the Successor. @1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Yas. V Wks. 
(1711) 113 The commission .. in which he is designed lieu- 
tenant. 1668 Davenant Max's the Master v. i, When you 
design’d your man to court her in your shape. 1701 Rowe 
Ambit. Step-Moth. u.i. 555 Great, just and merciful, such as 
Mankind. .would have design’d a kor. 

5. To appoint or assign (something ¢o a person); 
to make over, bestow, grant, give. Const. fo or 
dative. Obs. exc. in. Se. Law. 

1572 Sc. Acts Yas. VT (1597) $ 48 They haue appoynted, 
marked, and designed the said manse, with foure acres. .to 
the vse of the Minister. .that sall.. minister at the said kirk. 
1592 Davies /mmort. Soul xxxiii. (R.), Three kinds of life 
to her designed be. 1608 J. Kinc Serm. St. Mary's 8 
Afterwardes when Michal was designed to him [David]. 
1650-60 ‘T'atnam JVs. (1879) 169 He is the challenged and 
justly may Design the way of fighting. 1651 Fudler’s Abel 
Rediz., Musculus 257 Designing unto Musculus one of the 
principallest Churches. 1681 GLAnvitt Sadducismus u. 296 
The Spirit’s name which he designed her was Locas. _ 1 
Cowrer 7ask vi. 580 Nature .. when she form'd, design 
them an abode. 1864 Daily Review 14 Nov., The minister 
of Dalgety in 1862..stating..that in terms of the Act 1663, 
chapter 21, he was entitled to have grass designed to him 
for the support of a horse .. and praying the Presbytery to 
make the necessary designation accordingly. 

6. Hence, with mixture of II, and ultimately 
fusing with 10; To set apart in thought for the 
use or advantage of some one ; to intend to bestow 
or give. Const. for, +40, ton. 

1 Dryven Xival Ladies Ded., This worthless Present 
was design’d you, long before it was a Play. 1666 — Ann. 
Mirad. \x, Their mounting shot is on our sails designed : 
Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. x issex 

-apers (Camden) I. 153 Trear. designes the place to Orrery, 
but Lam confident it will never be. 1701 Penusyle. Archives 
1. 142, I fully design’d you a visit. 1735 De For | ey. round 
World (1840) 245 What present I had designed for her. 
1833 Hr. Martineau Brooke Farm ii, 22 Hearing what 
favours were designed for his boy. 1861 M. Parrison £ss. 


iesthod, is so much 
The 
designe out the subiect 


happy. name wi 
1610 Donne Pseudo ch ag 3 aba _— 


| (1889) I. 30 These fragments are designed for the German, 


rather than the English reader. 

7. To appoint, destine, devote (a thing or person) 
to a fate or purpose. Now merged in 10. 

1593 Nasu Christ's 7. 23, Because I am Christ the iust, 
therfore you will designe me to the Crosse vniustly. 
Masstncer Bondman w. ii, This well-built city, not long 
since designed To spoil and rape. 1662 Gernier Princ. 15 
The Duke .. designed in his Will ten Thousand Gilders .. 
to.. alter what he had Built amisse. 1691 Ray Creation 

1714), 174 Neither yet need those who are designed to 

ivinity itself fear to look into these studies. {x747 ‘ol. Rec. 
Pennsylv. NV. 139 The Goods design’d as a t to the 
Indians. ] 

II. [allied to Destan sd. I, obs. F. desseigner) 
To plan, purpose, intend. 

8. To form aplan or scheme of ; to conceive and 
arrange in the mind; to originate mentally, plan 
out, contrive. 

1548 Hatt Chron, 215 When all thing was redy, accord- 
ing as he desyned. 1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam, Wits 
(1616) 218 The matters which they disseigne and worke 
with much wisd 1647 CLA Hist. Reb, v. (1702) 
1, 439, That he should begin his Journey..so unfit for Travel 
- .ifhis nk away was design’d the day before. 1682 Bunyan 


Holy War (Cassell) 250 If the enemy .. should design and 
~<a our ruin, & ) Souruny Vis. Maid of Orleans \. 170 
ternal Wisdom Is Or to man, or misery, for hi 


good Alike design’d. 1812 S. Rocers Columbus vii. 46 He 
can suspend the laws himself designed. 

9. In weaker sense: To pu , intend, mean. 
+ Rarely, ¢o be designed (obs.), like,to be purposed, 


T. Warmstay Blind — 


DESIGN. 


Chas. I, U1. vi. 82 [Charles] designed inviting great artists 


muses “iit hele slicks Phdiss,insegl scffe Geeak Qo 
aNnLEY Hist. Philos. (1701) 106/2 4 
if you are design’d <capeal to ecisin Mlhagapguniee? 
with your rumbling voice. 1678 Butter Hud. 111. i. 1386 
Brae pe ee ae 
1 e For Mem. lier (x 162, to 

nk 5 M Nox. Par. Churches 


that she design’d her smiles more 
on the unworthy. 1715 De For Fam. Instruct. 1. vii (1841) 


I. 125, I did not design you should have 


10. With complement (a. zu. or sb., b. prep. 
phr.): To purpose or intend (a thing) Zo de or do 
(something); to mean (a thing) to serve some 
purpose or fulfil some plan. 

a. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 137 So far as you design 
the Bi to proj 1713 A Cato 1. iv, O 
creatures, Than what our nature and the Gods d 
us. 1733 Lo. Orrery in Duncombe's Lett. (1773) Il. 35 
The wood-walk, which I designed a labyrinth, is almost 
finished. 1779 Cowrer Lett. 21 Sept., Ihave glazed the 
two frames, designed to receive my pine plants. 1802 Mar. 
Epcewortu Moral 7. (1816) 1. xiv. 116 With one .. kick, 
designed to express his contempt. 1860 Hook Lives Adps. 
(1869) I. i, 18 The emperors designed it to be a 
council, : z 7 

b. 21700 Drvvex (J.), You are not for obscurity designed, 
But, like the sun, must cheer all human kind. in 
Leisure Hour (1880) 23 A pewter teaj but I believe it 
was designed for silver. 1756 Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. 
1808 I. 67 Ask of politicians the end for which laws were 
originally designed; and they will answer, that the laws 
were designed as a protection for the poor and weak. 1766 
Gotps. lic. W.xxi, The morning I designed for our de- 
parture. 1882 J. H. Brunt ape Ch. Eng. V1. 21 The palace 
which Somerset designed for this splendid site. _ 

ll. intr. To have purposes or intentions (of a 
specified kind). rare. 

1749 Fieipine Tom Yones xiv. vii, To persuade the mother 
P ‘hat you designed honourably. 

12. trans. To have in view, contemplate. 

1 Hare Prim. Orig. Man.1. i. 18 Before he come to 
the Subject it self which he designes. 1784 Cowrer 7ask 
Mi, 1 So I, designing other themes, and call'd T’ adorn 
the Sofa with eulogium. 1877 W. Bruce Comm. Revelation 
87 Tell him that his natural E ies are not d din 
the promise. 2 z 

18. intr. and quasi-fass. (usually with for): To 
intend to go or start; to be bound for (a place). 

1644 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 75 Within sight of Tours 
where we were ~— for the rest of the time. 1684 
Lapy Russet Left. I. xv. 42 The question. .when I design 
for Stratton. 1688 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u.1V. 141 They 
design to Bristol, but will take Exeter .. in the way. 1691 
T. Hface] Acc. New /nvent. 21 Ships. .designed on_ long 
Voyages. 1712 E. Cooke sg S. Sea 360 From Guam 
we design for Batavia. 1819 R. Cuarman Life Jas. V 129 
This convinced them all that the king designed for France. 
1823 Scorr Quentin D. viii, On the onceesting day we were 
designed for Amboise. 1845 CArtyLe Cromwell (1871 IL. 
133 The new Lord Lieutenant had at first pod for 
Massber: 7 3 

b. ¢ransf. To intend to start upon a certain 
course; to mean to enter upon a pursuit. 

1694 Ginson in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 225 And if he 
designs for Law, ‘tis high time to i f 

IIT. [allied to Desicn sé. II, It. désegnare, F. 
dessiner| To sketch, delineate, draw; to fashion 
artistically. ” : 

14. trans. + a. To make a sketch of (an object 
or scene); to sketch, draw. Ods. b. To trace the 
outline of, delineate. 

——— implying the vb. in this sense, is quoted of 
1570. 

1635 CowLey Davideis 1. 747 ‘The Prophet Gad in learned 
Dest dadgea Th’ Tanaanetel solid Rules of fancy’d Lines. 
ee owe Painting of Ancients 290°A 
well designed and seasonably coloured.» 
(1871) 69 The prospect was so 
with my crayon. 1699 j 
Flore. .they have designed. .an Universal Map. 1782 Mann 
in Lett, Lit, Men (Camden) 421 
describing etery Fish, 1879 Stevenson Trav. Ce 
. monstrous Pgs an lies of the mountain were 
faintly designed in moonshine. 

¢. To make the preliminary sketch of (a work 
of art, a picture, statue, ornamental fabric, etc.) ; 
to make the plans and drawings necessary for 
the construction of (a building, ship, machine, 
have to follow out. 


er 
"d 


invention 
vetyn D. 


s) 
— Fre lines. din 
ing. io new feet 
and superintend the 
15. To plan 
fashion with artistic skill or decora- 


design’d today. 
is 


resolved, determined, minded, etc. 

1660 R. Coxe Yustice Vind. Ep. Ded. 5, I designe no more 
than to demonstrate [ete]. 1701 De For 7rue-born 
Eng. 34 And yet he really designs no wrong. 1830 D'Israett 


its fr ? 1865 J. Fercusson Hist. Archit. 
"tr Te Roman ges were degned, nthe 
as 74 * 
§ 6. 52 A lady summons him. .to design a robe which 
broidering. 


DESIGNABLE. 


16. intr. a. To trace the outline of a figure or 
form; to put a graphic representation on paper, 
canvas, etc.; to draw, sketch. b. To form or 
fashion a work of art ; in a narrower sense, to form 
decorative figures, devise artistic patterns. 

1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 128 Unless he that Copies, Design 
perfectly himself. 1665 Sir T. Hersesr 7vav. (1677) 149 
One he knew could both design and copy well. 1854 Ruskin 
Two Paths i. (1858) 44 A painter designs when he chooses 
some things, refuses others, and arranges all. 1885 H. V. 
Barsetrt in Mag. of Art Sept. 454/1 She..began to design 
and to paint with delicacy, taste, and truth, 

Designable, z. [f. L. désignd-re (see Desic- 
NATE v.)+-BLE. In sense 2 f, DESIGN v. + -ABLE.] 

+1. (de'signab’1) That can be distinctly marked 
out ; distinguishable. Ods. 

1644 Dicsy 7720 Treat. 1. 85 The mover .. cannot passe 
over all these infinite designable degrees in an instant, 1666 
Boyte Orig. Formes & Qual. (1667) 3 Matter .. must have 
Motion in some or all its designable Parts. 1716 M. Davies 
Athen. Brit. 11. 242 Book-Ware-Houses, furnish’d with 
such an Ideal, optable or designable Arianizing Library. 

2. (dézaivnab’l) Capable of being designed. 

Designate (de'signct), pf/. a. [ad. L. désig- 
nat-us, pa. pple. of désigndre to DESIGNATE. ] 
Marked out for office or position; appointed or 
nominated, but not yet installed, as in d¢shop desig- 
nate, 


1646 Buck Rich. ///, 1. 3 Richard Plantagenet .. King of | 


br 4 erin designate by King Henry the Sixth .. This Duke 
of Yorke, and King designate. 1847 Sir W. Hamitron 
Let. 32 Definite, or, more precisely, predefinite..is equiva- 
lent. .to designate and pre-designate. 1877 World VIN. 11 
‘The husband designate was present. _ 1888 77cs 27 June 
12/4 The Lord Bishop of Bedford Designate will preach, 

Hence De‘signatehood, the condition of being 
designate. 

1862 Sat, Rev. XIV. 705/1 The period of Designatehood. 

Designate (de's-, dezigneit), v.  [f. ppl. stem 
of L. designdre to mark out, trace out, denote by 
some indication, contrive, devise, appoint to an 
office, f. de- (Dr- I, 3) + s¢gndre to mark. Some of 
the senses of the L. verb, having come down 
through It. and Fr., are expressed by DEsIGn ; 
destgnate is a modern formation taking up the 
other senses: cf. F. dés7gner as distinct from des- 
siner and obs. dessetgner.] 

1. trans. To point out, indicate; to particularize, 
specify. 

1801 Brit. Crit. July (T.), Of these [faults] so few examples 
occur, that it would be invidious to designate them, 1808 
J. Bartow Columé, vi. 522 Its faults designate and its 
merits prize. 1828 WensteEr s.v., The limits are designated 
on the map. 1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855) 107 
He need only designate to me the way to hischamber. 1846 
Trencu Miracles xxx, (1862) 430 ‘The man. .designates the 
channel in which he desires that fhis mercy may flow. 1861 
Mrs. H. Woop Zast Lynne I. xi. 170 It had four post 
horses .. the number having been designated by Lord 
Mount-Severn. , 

2. Of things: To serve to point out; to be an 
indication of. With compd.: To point out, specify 
as being so and so. 

1807 Soutuey Esfriella's Lett. IL. 251 A black Triton... 
meant..by his crown of feathers, to designate the native 
Indians. ¢ 1829 Lanvor IAs. (1868) II. 93 Her lips [in a 
picture] were half-open ; her hair flew loosely behind her, 
designating that she was in haste. @ 1831 A. Knox Rew. 
(1844) I. 65 Those interior effects of Divine grace, which 
designate their nature..to the..possessor. 1870 RoGrrs 
Hist. Gleanings Ser. u. 200 A man’s dress designated his 
rank and calling. 1884 tr. Lofse’s Metaph. u. iv. 293 The 
only function of the mathematical symbol is to designate 
pand ¢ as absolutely equal in rank. ie 

3. To point out bya name or descriptive appel- 
lation ; to name, denominate, entitle, style. 

1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. [ndia I. v. ix. 693 The coalition .. 
gave existence to the ministry which that circumstance has 
served to designate. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Res, 1. v. (1838) 
161 The title Blumine, whereby she is here designated. 1868 
Lockyer Elem. Astron. i. (1879) 29 Clusters and nebulze 
are designated by their number in the catalogues. 1871 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 79 ‘I'wo very distinct conceptions. . 
equally designated by the common name of civil liberty. 

b. with doudle 067. or compl.: To name, describe, 
or characterize (as). ; 

1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 397, I designate them 
[his ideas] as somewhat above mediocrity. 1854 Macautay 
Misc. Writ, (1860) 11, 228 He is designated, in Mr, Ivimey’s 
History of the Baptists, as the depraved Bunyan, the wicked 
tinker of Elstow. 1862 Stantey Yew. Ch. (1877) I. xix. 360 
Miriam is almost always designated as the ‘ prophetess’. 
1879 M. Arnoip Guide Eng. Lit, Mixed Ess, 194, 1 wonder 
at his designating Milton our greatest poet. 

4. Of things: To serve as a name for, stand for ; 
to be descriptive of. 

1816 Sincer Hist. Cards 45 The term continued to de- 
signate hired troops. 1842 Atison Hist. Europe (1849-50) 
X. Ixix. § 29. 438 The celebrated saying. .‘If thes tacks 
[etc.]’. .designates the whole system of their. . government. 

5. To appoint, set apart, select, nominate for duty 
or office ; to destine or devote to a purpose or fate. 


Const. for, zo. 

“1791 J. Bartow Adv. Priv. Orders 1. 27 A mere sayage.. 
would decide the question of equality by a trial of bodily 
strength, designating the man that could lift the heaviest 
beam to bethe legislator. 1828 Wenster s. v., This captain 
was designated to that station. 1853 Maurice Profh. & 


Kings xxii. 378 Josiah..was designated to his task before 


245 
his birth. 


Men. .equally designated for perdition in this world and the 
next. 1855 Macautay //ist, Eng. III. 394 A clause de- 
signating the successor by name. 

Hence De-signated ///. a. 

1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IL. ix. 436 Harold was 
virtually. .the designated successor to the crown. 

Designation (d(es-, dezignéi-fon). [ad 1. 
designation-em, n, cf action from désignare (sce 
Designate). Cf. F. déstgnation (14th c. in Hatzf., 
and in mod.F. ; not in Cotgr. 1611).] 

1. The action of marking or pointing out; indi- 
cation of a particular person, place, or thing by 
gesture, words, or recognizable signs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxvi. (1495) 926 Alpha 
is wryte for desygnacion of letters, for amonge Grekys this 
letter tokenyth one. 1597 Hooker Lecé. Pol. v. |xix. (1611) 
374. Wherefore was it said vnto Moyses by particular desig- 
nation, ‘This very place..is holy ground. 1677 Have J’. 
Orig, Man. ww. vii. 357 ‘The designation of an end in work- 
ing is the great perfection of an intelligent Agent. 1731 

saitey vol. I, Designation..also the marking the abut- 
ments and boundings of anestate. 1784 Cowrer 7froc. 6 
With designatiow of the finger’s end. 1794 Pacey Lait. 
(1825) IT. 224 ‘The designation of the time would have been 
more determinate. 1860 TRENCH Seri. Westin, Abb, xv. 
164 The intention with which he thus designated Jesus unto 
them: they understand it. .not at the first designation. 

b. concr. A distinctive mark or indication. 
1646 Sir I’. Browne Pseud. £f. 1. xiii. 224 Those stars.. 


were indeed but designations of such quarters and portions of 


the yeare, wherein the same were observed, 1831 J. Davirs 
Manual Mat, Aled, 26 Vhe word ana. .is placed before the 
designation of the quantity. 

2. The action of appointing or nominating a per- 
son for a particular office or duty ; the fact of being 
thus nominated ; appointment, nomination. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. Ded. § 14 There hath not been 
.-any public designation of writers or inquirers. 1640 Dr. 


1 1674 OwEN //oly Spirit (1693) 83 
ration of God unto his Kingdom.  ¢ 1689 in 
Somers 7'racts I. 315 Till the King in Designation be 
actually invest the Regal Office. 1791 Cowrer 
nation of the Greeks was sent Am- 
An Nori, Cong. (1876) IL. ix. 373 
This gvasé designation of Eadward to the crown, 

+b. The appointment of a thing; the summon- 
ing of an assembly. Oés. 

@ 1638 Mrve Disc. Esch. xx. 20 Wks. (1672) 1. 56 The 
designation or pitching that Seventh upon the day we call 
Rk. Taytor Gt. Aaxciip. iit. $9 By desig- 

z for prayer. 1697 Br. Patrick Covi. 
E i. 5 The Designation of this seventh Day was. .from 
their wonderful Deliverance. 1777 Burke Let. Sherif?s 
Bristol Wks, 1842 I. 218 At the first designation of these 
assemblies. ewer 

+e. The qualification of being marked out or 
fitted foran employment; vocation, bent (of mind), 
‘call’, Ods. 

1657 Burton's Diary (1828) Il. 14 That man that has 
a designation to that work [preaching]. 1736 BoLincuroKe 

atriot. (1749) 12 ‘These are the men to whom the part 
1 mentioned is assigned. Their talents denote their general 
designation. — 1779-81 Jounson L. 7., Cowley Wks. IL. 6 
‘That particular designation of mind, and propensity for 
some certain science or employment, which is commonly 
called Genius. 

3. The action of devoting by appointment to 
a particular purpose or use ; an act of this nature. 
arch. 

1637 Gittesrie Eng. Pop. Cerem. it. i. 6 Designation or 
deputation is when a man appoints a thing for such an use. 
1767 Biacxstone Com. I. 329 ‘To make various desi 
tions of their profits. 1796 C. Marsuace Garden. xii. (1812 
136 ‘The designation of trees to a wall necessarily occasions 
cutting. 

b. Sc. Law. The setting apart of manses and 
glebes for the clergy from the church lands by the 
presbytery of the bounds. 

1572 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 48 Vpon the said marking 
and designation, the Arch-bishop..sal giue his testimonial!, 
bearing how he [etc.]. 1861 in W. Bett Dict. Law Scotl. 
s.v., After a designation by the presbytery. 1864 [see Dr- 
SIGN v. 5]. 

e. U.S. The authoritative allotment of ground 
for oyster-culture ; concr. the, ground thus allotted. 

+ 4. Purpose, intention, design. Ods. 

1662 StittincrL., Orig. Sacr., The end of his life in 
Hannahs designation. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. ut. i. $7 
So far is there a constant Connection between the Sound 
and the Idea and a Designation that the one stand for the 
other. 1737 Wuiston Fosephus’ Antig. xvi. vi. §9 God 
proved opposite to his designation. 1763 Mrs. Brooke 
Lady F. Mandeville (1782) U1. 2 Vhis mutual passion is the 
designation of heaven to restore him. 

+ 5. Sketching, delineation. Ods. rare. 

1796 JANE West Cossif’s Story 1. 4 A mere novice in 
landscape designation, I confine myself to the delineation 
of..human character. 

6. A descriptive name, an appellation ; sfec. in 
Law, the statement of profession, trade, residence, 
etc., added for purposes of identification to a per- 
son’s name. 

1824 Lanvor Jmag. Conv. (1846) 8 A designation which 
Ihave no right to. 1868 GLapstone Fav. Mund? ii. (1870) 
43 The name Argeioi .. as a designation of the army before 
‘Troy. 1876 E. Mettor /’riesth. i. 15 The name ‘priest- 
hood’., became a designation of the whole Church of 


1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. vit. vi. (1864) TV. 202 | 


DESIGNING. 


Designative (des, devzignetiv), a. and sd. 
[ad. med.L. désignativ-us, f. ppl. stem désiguat- + 
see -IVE. In mod.F. désignatif.] 

A. adj, Uaving the quality of designating. 

1611 Corcr., Designatif, designatiue, denotatiue. 
J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 91 Merely designative of the 
raw soldier, 1818 BentHam C4, Eng. 35 ‘Then are the words 
designative of the sort of act first mentioned, 1845 F. Bar- 
uam An Odd Medley 8 The [Hebrew] designative preposi- 
tion ath. fe 

B. sd. Anything used to designate. 

1824 J. Giccurist tym. [nterfr. 77 Perhaps the scientific 
purpose intended is as well accomplished by these as by 
any designatives that could be invented. — 

Designator (de's-, dezigne'to1). 
nator, agent-n, from déstgndre to DESIGNATE. 

1. One who designates or points out. 

2. Rom. Antig. An officer who assigned to each 
person his rank and place in public shows and 
ceremonies. 

1706 in Puiiars (ed. Kersey). 
s.v., There were designators at funeral solemniti 
the games, theatres, and shew 3 
Designatory, @ [Pi Lotype Fad SUYHALOVT- US, 
f. designator; see prec. and -ory.] Of or pertain- 
ing to a designator or designation. 

1885 Sik LL. W. Cave in Law 7imes’ Rep. LAL, 518/1 That 
the indefinite article has the same designatory force as the 
definite. 

Designed dioind), A//. a. [f. Desian v. + 
-ED.] fa. Marked out, appointed, Designate. 
b. Planned, purposed, intended. @. Drawn, out- 
lined; formed, fashioned, or framed according to 
design. 

a. 1609 Bisir (Douay) Viv. viii. Comm, ‘heir designed 
offices. 1622 Bacon //en. 177, Wks. (1860! 331 His two 
designed generals. 1701 W. Worton //ist. None i 
He was designed Consul for next Year. 1751 Cramper 
Cyet. Supfd. s.v. Bishop, Vishop designed, episcopus destg- 
Nats, : 
b. 1586 B. Young Guasso's Civ. Conz. iw. 180b, Fortify- 
ing my designed purpose. 1660 Barrow “uci Pref. (1714) 
3 A Size beyond the design’d Proportion. 1717 Lavy M.W. 
Monracu Leté. 1 Jan. (1887) I. 139 Making my designed 
return amystery, 1865 Moztry J/érac. vii. 291 note, That 
this failure. should be designed. 

@. 1870 Emerson Soe. § Sodit., Ar¢ Wks. (Bohn) ITT. 16 
An oak-tree .. being the form in nature best designed to 
resist a constant assailing force. 

+ To be designed, to be purposed or minded: 
sce DESIGN 2. g. 

Designedly (d/zainedli, adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY *.] By design, on purpose, intentionally. 

1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 394 You need not be 


1812 


1727 51 Cuampers Cyed. 
s, and at 


28 


character. 
1864 in Latnuam. J/od. The designedness of the ‘co 
incidence’ was obvious. 


Designer ((/zaina1). Also 7 designor. [f. 
Desicn v. +-ERL] One who designs. 

1, One who originates a plan or plans. 

1670. G. H. //ist. Cardinals 1. 11. 151 Thoughtful and 
cogitative, a great designor. 1736 Butter -lva/. uu. Concl. 
Wks. 1874 I. 307 ‘Ten thousand thousand instances of design 
cannot but prove a designer. ‘1863 J. G. Murruy Com. 
Gen. i. 2 The Great Designer. 

2. In bad sense: One who cherishes evil designs 
or is actuated by selfish purposes; a_ plotter, 
schemer, intriguer. 

1649 Prynne Demurrer 83 The greatest designers, plotters 
and lifters up of themselves against the interest of Christ. 
1704 IT. Brown Praise of Wealth Wks. 1730 1. 84 Vhe 
cunning designer gets into the princes favour. 1726 in H. 
Campbell Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots (1824 20 Where is one 
faithful friend to be chosen out among a thousand base 
designers? 

3. One who makes an artistic design or plan of 
construction; a draughtsman; sfcc. one whose 
business is to invent or prepare designs or patterns 
for the manufacturer or constructor. 

1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 147 Where the Workman is not 
an accomplished Designer. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 
190 ® to Sculptors, painters, and designers. ee Leeds 
Mercury 21 May 5/1 The designers of these tank vessels. 
1892 Labour Commission Gloss. No. 9 Designer, the archi- 
tect who designs the enrichment for the ‘ modeller’ in the 
plastering trade, Zod. A designer in a textile factory. 

Designful (d/zoinful), a. [f Destan sb. + 
-FUL.] Full of design; purposed, intentional. 

1677 [see next]. 1867 J. H. Srirtinc Crit, Ess. (1868) 
206 ‘Ihe ascription to Kant of designful reticence and 
intentional obscurity. 1890 — Gifford Lect. iv. 73 The.. 
designful contrivance of the world. 

Desi: ess. [f. prec.+-NnESs.] Design- 
ful quality: a. craftiness, scheming; b. fullness 
of design, intentional or prearranged character. 

#1677 Barrow Serv. Wks. 1716 Il. 83 Drawn over with 
-. features of base designfulness, 1890 J. H. Stirtinc 
Gifford Lect, v. 94 The designfulness is but contingent. 

signing (d/zai-nin), vd/. sd. [f. Desien v. 
-+-ING!.] The action of Design v. ; marking out, 
nomination ; planning, preliminary sketching, etc. 
_ @1618 Raveicu Maxims St. (1651) 77 Upon the design- 
ing of his successour, 1756 Nugent Gr. Zour 1V. 92 The 


DESIGNING. 


desleniog was by Michael Angelo. 1884 Atheneum 12 Jan. 
59/1 Both the Dublin cathedrals are of English designing. 
b. Evil design, plotting, eae 
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) II]. 55 Petty designings. 
1795 Jemima 11. 18 Her suspicions were excited by his 
detected er, and probable deep designings. 
ce. attrib, 
rgix Suartess. Charac. (1737) 111. 403 The designing 
Arts..such as Architecture. Daily Tel._29 co: 
It has a ‘ designing class’ at South Kensington. 


Designing (@ainin), s//. a. [-1NG 2.] 

1. That designs, plans, etc.; characterized by 
constructive forethought. 

1653 H. More Antid. Ath. 1. xi. § 13 (1712) 78.A knowing 
and designing Providence. 1711 Sree.e Sfect. No. 43 P 3 
We are all Grave, Serious, Designing Men, in our 2 
1850 M°Coso Div. Govt, 111. i. (1874) 299 The order and 
adaptation of nature suggest a designing mind. 

2. That cherishes evil designs or is actuated by 
ulterior motives; scheming, crafty, artful. 

@ 1671 Lp. Fatrrax Mem. (1699) 100 The sad consequences 
that crafty and designing men have Lae sa to pass. 1711 
Appison Sect. No. 131 P6 The old Knight is impos’d upon 
by a designing Fellow. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aéneid 1. 196 
Feigned tears and designing sorrow. 

Spee aae , adv. [f. prec. + -LY2.] In- 
tentionally; with evil design or selfish purpose, 
craftily. 

1684 H. More Answ. Bjb, Over prone cunningly and 
ait to serve their turns, 1879 Barinc-Goutp 
Germany 1.239 Trades'-unions are an excellent institution, 
if not ignorantly or designingly misdirected. 

Designless dézainlés), a. [f. Desicn sd, + 
-LESS.] Void of design or plan ; purposeless. 

1643 HamMmonp Serm. at Oxf, Wks. 1683 1V. 513 That 
designless love of sinning. @1691 Boye //ist. Air xii. 
(1692) 65 These Wounds must have been made by some 
designless Agent. 1883 Jerreries Story of my Heart 59 
The designless, formless chaos of chance-directed matter. 

Desi‘gnlessly, adv. [f. prec.+-Ly 2] With- 
out design or plan ; with no specific purpose. 

1648 Boye Seraph. Love xiii. (1700) 77 His [the Sun’s] 
visits are nade designlessly. a@ 1691 — Iks. VI. 80(R.) Not 
rashly or designlessly shuffled by a blind hazard. 

+ Desi‘'gniment. 0/s. [f. Design v. +-menv.] 
= DESIGNATION, DESIGN. 

1. Indication by sign or token. 

1625 Git Sacr. /’hilos. ii. 156 No Scripture is so direct.. 
as this for the certaine designement of the time. a 1684 
Leicuton Comm, 1 Det. ii, 14 The them that are sent .. is 
a very clear designment of the inferior governors of those 
times. 

2. Appointment ornomination to office or function; 
consignment or destination to a fate. 


1582 N. ‘T.(Rhem.) Zwke vi. 12 Annot., Asa preparation to | 


the designement of his Apostles. 1612 ‘I’. ‘TAytor Com. 
Titus i. 7 Designements to offices and places. 1642 Jer. 
Taytor /fisc. (1647) 93 Paul & Barnabas .. went to the 
Gentiles, by. .speciall designement made at Antioch. 1668 
H. More Div. Dial. 1. xviii. (1713) 326 No designment of 
them to Sin and Damnation. 1732 Law Serious C. xxii. 
(1761) 420 It is by the express designment of God, that some 
beings are Angels, and others are men. 

3. Appointment, arrangement, or ordination of 
affairs; planning, designing ; hence, that which is 
planned ; an enterprise, undertaking, design. 

1583 Harsner Serm. Ezek. (1658) 135 Had he had freedome 
to haue altered Gods Designment, Adams liberty had bene 
aboue the designment of God. 1594 Ord. Prayerin Liturg. 


Serv. O. Eliz. (1847) 654 Cruel designments so closely | 


plotted against her innocent life. 1604 Suaks. Oth. 11. 
1, 22 The desperate Tempest hath so bang’d the Turkes, 
That their designement halts. 1621 Coryat Crudities 205 
A very disastrous accident .. frustrated his whole designe- 
ment. 1659 Gent/. Calling (1696) 139 Many hours .. inter- 
vening between the Designment and the Execution [of a 
Duel}. 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. I. 216 A strange 
Jumble as well as Iniquity in this Designment. 

4. Artistic representation, delineation; an out- 
line, sketch ; an original draught or design. 

1570 Dee Math. Pref. in Billingsley Exclide Aj, Of all 
these, liuely designementes .. to in velame parchement 
described. 1658 Drypen Death O. Cromwell 96 For though 
some meaner artist’s skill were shown .. Yet still the fair 
designment was his own. 1667 — “ss. Dram. Poesie (R.), 
Shall that excuse the ill painture or designment of them? 
1703 ‘I’. N. City § C. Purchaser 85 A neat and full Expres- 
sion of the rst Idea or Designment thereof. 

Desilicate (désilike't),v. [f. Dr-IL. 1.] ¢rans, 
To deprive of silica, Hence Desi-licated ///. a. 

In mod. Dicts. 


Desili-cify, Desi‘licize, ». [f. De- Il. 1] 
trans. To free from silex or silicon; =Desti- 
coNnIzE, Hence Desili:cifica‘tion. 

In mod. Dicts. | me 

Desiliconize (disilikénai:z), v. [f. De-II.1.] 
trans. To deprive of or free from silicon. Hence 
Desi'liconized f//. a.; -izing vii. sb. and ffl. a.; 
Desiliconiza'tion. 

1881 C. R. A. Wricut in Encyed. Brit. XU. 333 /1 (Lren) 
The decarbonizing and desiliconizing of iron by the action of 
an oxidizing atmosphere is the essential feature of the 
processes of refining pig iron and of making natural steel. 
1891 7 mes 8 Oct. 14/6 They had suffered more from desili- 
© than from desulphurizati 

Desilver (disi‘lvar),v. [f. De-II.2.] rans. 
To deprive of its silver, remove the silver from. 

1864 in Wesster. 1886 Fenn Master of Ceremonies 1. ii. 
9 The over-cleaned and de-silvered plated pot. 


246 


Desilverize (disi'lvarsiz), v. [f De IL 1] 
trans. To extract the silver from (lead or other 
metal). 

1872 Raymonp Statist, Mines & Mining 450 Two systems 
. -desilverizing and refining two charges of ticad} in twenty- 
four hours. 1886 A. J. Barrour Question 1239 Gold § Silver 
Comm., ‘The cost of desilverising the copper. 

Hence Desi‘lverized ///. a., Desi‘lverizing v//. 
sb, and ppl. a.; also Desilveriza‘tion. 

1870 J. Percy (¢it/e), The Metallurgy of Lead, including 
Desilverization and Cupellation. 1872 Raymonp Statis?. 
Mines & Mining 4 

unds of lead. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 49/2 In 
lead pipes the soft desilverised lead is considered best. 

Desinence (de'sinéns). [a. F. d/sinence (16th 
c. in Hatzfeld) = It. destnenza ‘a desinence or ter- 
mination’ (Florio), ad. med.L. désinentia, f. dé- 
sinent-em ; see next.] Termination, ending, close ; 
Gram. a termination, suffix, or ending of a 
word. 

1599 Br. Haut Sat. Postcr., Fettering together the series 
of the verses, with the bondes of like cadence or desinence 
of rime. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. u. i. 67 The Romaine 
desinence or ending. 1814 Berincton Lit. Hist. Aid. 
Ages v. (1846) 273 The ear was thus flattered by a certain 
musical desinence, nor could it a moment doubt where every 
verse closed. 1 Barpstey Surnames i, (1875) 13 The 
Saxon added ‘son’, as a desinence, as ‘ Williamson ’. 

Desinent (de'sinént’, a. ?Ods. [ad. L. dé- 
sinent-em, pr. pple. of désinére to leave off, close, 
f. Dr- I. 1, 2 + sinére to leave.] Forming the end, 
terminal ; ending, closing. 

1605 B. Joxson Masgue Blackness, Six tritons..their 
upper parts human. .their desinent parts fish. 1677 Cary 
Chronol. 1. 11. 111. iii, 227 ‘The State was left in Confusion 
.-until the 38th desinent of Azariah. /éid, 228 An. 39 of 
Uzziah desinent. | : 

Desine‘ntial, «. [f. med.L. désinentia (see 
DESINENT) +-AL.] Pertaining to, or of the nature 
of, a desinence or ending. 

1818 Monthly Mag. XLVI. 322 The desinential charac- 
teristics of the Latin noun. 1869 F. Hatt in Lauder's 
7 ractate 24 The desinential -i/, for -ed [in Scotch pa. pples.] 
Desiner, var. of DecenER, Ods. 

1sgt Garrarp Art IVarre 14 Under the charge of a 
Desiner or chiefe of a chamber. 

Desines, obs. form of Dizziness. 
Desinterressed, var. of DisiNTERESSED a. Obs. 
+ Desi‘piate, v. Ods.—°  [irreg. f. L. dési- 
pere \déstpio) to be foolish, f. De- 1. 6 + sapere to 


be wise.] 24”. To become foolish. 
1623 in Cockeram. 1663 F. Hawxins Youth's Behav, 
102. 


Desipience (d/si:piéns). [ad. L. desipientia, 
f. désipient-em VesIPIENT: see -ENCE.] Folly; 
foolish trifling, silliness. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Desipience is when the sick person 
speaks and doth idly ; dotage. 1882 A. W. Warn Dickens 
ii. 24 Occasional desipience in the form of the wildest 


farce. 1887 Spectator 17 Sept. 1251 The maturity of sweet 
desipience. 
Desi‘piency. [see prec.,and -ency.] =prec. 


1672 Six TI, Browne Left, Friend $22 Many are mad but 
in..one prevalent desipiency. 1856 7itax Mag. Dec. 496 If 
the desipere be but fx doco, religion itself will not forbid 
the seasonable desipiency. 

Desipient ((/si-piént), a. rare. [ad. L. désé- 
pient-em, pr. pple. of désipere to be void of under- 
standing, f. Dr- 1.6 + sapere to know.] Foolish, 
silly ; playing the fool, idly trifling. 

1727 in Baitey vol. II. Srevenson in Times 2 June 
17/4 In his character of disinterested spectator, gracefully 
desipient. we ; 

Desirability (d/zoiv:rabi'liti). [f. next +-rry.] 
The quality of being desirable; desirableness ; 
quasi-concr. (with f/.) a desirable condition or thing. 

1824 Sourney Life 4 Corr. (1850) V. 189, I see possibilities 
and capabilities and desirabilities. 1859 Farrar £ric 95 
Of this school he often bragged as the acmé of desirability. 
186r Berusr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. iii. 68 Any de- 
cision upon the distinctive ibility or desirability of new 
cathedrals. 1873 Symonps Gr. Poets iii. 87 ‘The desirability 
of consorting with none but the best company. 

Desirable (dizaierib'l), a. (sb.) Also 7-8 
desireable. [a. F. déstrable (12th c. in Hatzfeld), 
f. désiver to Desire, after L. roel 

1. Worthy to be desired; to be wished for. In 
early use often standing for the qualities which 
cause a thing to be desired: Pleasant, delectable, 
choice, excellent, goodly. 

1382 Wycur Prov. xxi. 20 Desyrable tresor and oile in the 
dwelling place of the riz3twis. ¢ Caxton Blanchardyn 
xxiii, 80 Blanchardyn .. as that thinge whiche most he 
desyred in this world, dyde accepte this gracyouse and de- 
syrable ansuere. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 126 
Greate varietye of desirable flowers. 1611 Brste Ese, xxiii. 
12 She doted vpon the Assyrians .. horsemen riding vpon 
horses, all of them desireable young men, 1662 STu-LiNGrL. 
Orig. Sacr. ut. iii. § 7 No evil is in its self desirable, or to 


The desilverizing kettle holds 22,009 | 


+ 3. Characterized by or full of desire. Ods. 
2759 Saran Fietpine C'tess buf Dellwyn Be 23 bf Sew 


ble View of renderi Smiles or Frowns ‘on- 


uence. 
“SB. sb. ‘That which is desirable; a desirable 
property or thing. 

1645 E. WIvLAN in Treas. Dav. Ps. xvi. 11 All 
these desirables are Seed within the com; of the first 
remarkable. 1721 Watts Serm. ii. Wks. 1812 I. 18 He.. 
despises fame .. pl e and riches, and all mortal desir- 
ables. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) V. 
52 Besides the desirables it would purchase [etc ]. 

Miss Broucuton Nancy If. 82 At that time, you see, he 
had not all the desirables. 

Desirableness. [f. prec. + -NxESss. 

1. The quality or fact of being desirable. 

1647 CLarenvon /ist. Red. 1. (1843) 34/2 Discourses upon 
the thing itself, and the desirableness of it. a ga Goop- 
win Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 125 Matters of lig ter con- 
cernment or less desirableness. p Ba Mactuus Popul. 111. 
App. 229 The desirableness of a great and efficient popula- 
tion. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. 384 To discuss .. the 
— of fulfilling the engagement into which he had 
entered. 

+ 2. In active sense : Desirousness. Ods. 

1649 St. 7 rials, Lieut.-Col. John Lilburne (R., To declare 
my desireableness to keep within the bounds of reason, 
moderation, and discretion. 

Desirably (dizairabli\, adv. [f. as prec. + 
-LY *.] In a desirable manner ; according to what 
is desirable. 

1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 7o The ground where you 
would most desirably dig a well. 

+ Desi-rant, A//. a. Obs. [a. F. désirant, pr. 
pple. of déstver to desire; repr. L. désiderant-em.] 
Desiring, desirous of. 

©1450 J/erlin 73 That I sholdé remembre the thinge that 
I beste loved .. and that I am moste desiraunte. 

Desire (d/zai»-1), sb. Forms: 4-5 desir, desyr, 
(desijr, dessire, dissire, -yre), 4-6 desyre, de- 
sier, (5 desyer, desere, 6 desyig), 4- desire. 
[ME. a. OF. desir (12th c. in Littré), mod.F. désir 
= Pr. dezir, desire, It. desio, desire, deriv. f. the vb. 
desirare, ¥. désirer to DESIRE: see next.] 

1. The fact or condition of desiring ; that feeling 
or emotion which is directed to the attainment or 
possession of some object from which pleasure or 
satisfaction is expected ; longing, craving ; a parti- 
cular instance of this feeling, a wish. 

1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3410 3yf pou haue grete 
desyre To be clepyd lorde or syre. ¢1380 Wycur Whs. 
(1880) 147 Gret desir of heuenel ly 14.. Why I can't 
be a nun 303 in E. E. P. (3862) 146 Thy fyrst desyre and 
thyne entent Was to bene a nune professed. 1513 More in 
Grafton Chron. (1568) I]. 757 The execrable desyre of 
sovereintie. 1632 J. Havwakp tr. Biond’s Eromena ge, 
I have a great desire to get a sightof him. 1652 J. Wricnr 
tr. Camus’ Nat. Paradox 353 Seeing the cards thus shuffled 
to his own desire. 1653 i. More Antid. Ath. un. xii. § 15 
(1712) 83 An unsatiable desire after that just OroUus 
temper of Mind. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 206 P 4 This 
conflict of desires. 1759 — Nassedas xxxvii, His predomi- 
nant passion was desire of money. 1841 Lane Araé. Nés. 1. 
2 The elder King felt a strong desireto see his brother. 1853 
J Newman /ist. Sk. (1873) 11.1. i. 1x Objects of desire 
to the barbarian. 1856 Emerson Eng. 7 raits, Relig. Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 100 The new age has new desires. 1878 oweTT 
/lato (ed. 2) V. 51 A man should pray to have right desires, 
before he prays that his desires may be fulfilled. 

b. personified. 

1575 Gascoicns Pr, Pleas. Kenilw., That wretch Desire 
Whom neither death could daunt [etc.], 1821 Suettey 
Prometh, Unt. 1. i. 734 As fleet As Desire’s i feet. 
1876 Gro. Evior Dan, Der. 11. xxvii. 170 Desire has trimmed 
- sails, and Circumstance brings but the breeze to fill 
them. 

2. spec. Physical or sensual appetite ; lust. 

¢ 1340 Hamrote Prose Tr. 3'This name Thesu. .dose away 
grevesnes of fleschel gc 1398 Trevis Barth, De 
P. R. vu. xiv. (1495) 257 appetyte of the stomak is 
callyd desyre. a@ Alexander To blemysch 
oure blode with bodely dissires. a@1g3g Wyatt in 7ottel's 
Misc. (Arb.) 224 If thy desire haue ouer thee the power, 
Subiect then art thou and no gouernour. 1611 SHAKs. 
Cymb. 1. vie & That satiate yet vnsatisfi'd desire. 1711 
Sreece Sfect. No. 151 P 2 A constant Pruri of inordinate 
Desire. Burke Swéd & B.m.i, Which shows that 
beauty, the passion caused by a which I call love, 
is different from desire. 1867 Baker Nile 7 ribut. viii. 166 
The flesh of the crocodile is eaten ily, being spent 
to promote desire. 1887 Bowen I’irg. Aineid w.g1 Against 
enkindled desire Honour.i was , 

+3. Longing for something lost or missed ; 
regret; Dgsipertum. Oés. 

¢ 1611 Cuarman //iad xvi. 380 So unremoved stood these 
steeds, their heads to earth let fall, And warm tears gushing 
from their eyes, with passionate desire Of their kind manager. 

4. A wish as expressed or stated in words; a re- 
quest, petition. ‘ , 

©1340 Cursor M. 10513 (Trin. desire and py 
Is pent togoddesere. 1404 Holds of Parit. III. 549/1 The 
Kyng thanketh hem of here gode desire, willyng put it in 


be chosen. 1783 Watson PAilip 1/1 (1839) 169 It was surely 
desirable to put a period to these calamities, 1833 J. Hot- 
Lanp Manuf. Metal 11, 301 ‘This exceedingly convenient 
and desirable machine. 1891 H. Marruews in Law Times 
XCII. 96/1 Some general modifications in the rules .. are 
now desirable. P 

+2. To be regretted or desiderated ; able. 

1650 T. Froyseit Gale of Opportunity (1652) 1 He lived 
amiable and dyed desirable. 


als sone as he wel may. reg Le Berners /voiss. 
1. exiii, 135 The erle sent thyder, at their desyers, John of 
Norwyche, to be their Capta 1670 Marvett Corr. 
elxxxvi. Wks. 1872-5 I. 377 The House hath been in con- 
favenen with: thy Lone pin theled , about the Addi 
ol ing Popish R 1794 Netson in Nicolas 
Bisptatas) be 428 The nts have written desires from me 
to cally a ers. ne . = — 1842 Biscnorr 
‘001 fanuf. 11. send, at your a 
general lint of articles ‘weed in the ne Nadi ne Fm 


DESIRE. 
5. transf. An object of desire; that which one 


desires or longs for, (Originally only contextual). 

1340-70 A //saunder 1047 Hee hoped to haue there of his 
hertes desyres. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle 1. xxxix. (Caxton, repr. 
1859)43 Hesawe that henemyght nought acheuen hysdesyre. 
1535 Covespane Ps, liii. [liv.] 7 So that myne eye seyth his 
desyre vpon myne enemies. 1611 Brie Haggaz ii. 7 The 
desire of all nations shall come. 1699 Dampier Voy. IL. 11. i. 
We steered off to the North expecting a Sea-Breez at 
E.N.E. and the third day had our desire. 1709 STEELE 
Tatler No. 159 P 5 Farewel my Terentia, my Heart’s De- 
sire, farewel. 1732 Fiecpinc Mock Doctor Ded., That 
politeness which..has made you the desire of the great, and 
the envy of the whole profession. 1863 TENNyson Welcome 
Alex., Welcome her, welcome the land's desire. 

Desire (dizaie1), v. Also 3-7 desyre, 4 de- 
sirre, 4-5 disire, -yre, 4-6 desir, 5 dissire, -yre, 
desier, desyr, disere, 5-6 dessire, -yre, dyssire, 
-yre, 6 dissier. [ME. a. OF. destre-r (earlier 
destdrer, desirrer) = Pr. desirar, It. destare, disirare, 
Rom. type destvare:—L. désiderare to miss, long 
for, desire: see DESIDERATE 7.] 

1. trans. To have a strong wish for ; to long for, 
covet, crave. a. with s¢mple ob/. 

¢1230 Hali Meid. 11 Ant penne wile .. Pe king of alle 
kinges desire be to leofmon. 1340 A yen. 244 Per is. .al pet 
herte may wylnj, and of guod desiri. a 1400-50 Alexander 
g22 To be kyng he kest slik a hate, pat he desiris his deth. 
1538 Starkey England 1.i. 21 Of al thyng best and most to 
be desyryd. 1607-12 Bacon “/'ss., Empire (Arb.) 294 It is a 
miserable state of minde to have few thinges to desier, and 
manie thinges to feare. 1670 Mitton //7st. Eng. wv. Wks. 
(1851)169 Offa. .acomely Person. .much desir’d of the people ; 
aad such his virtue .. as might have otherwise been worthy 
to have reigned, 1832 Tennyson ‘Of old sat Freedom on 
the heights,’ Her open eyes desire the truth. 1871 R. Extis 
Catullus \xii. 50 Many a wistful boy and maidens many 
desire it. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 201 Do not all men 
desire happiness ? 

b. with zzfin,: To wish, long (/o be, have, do). 

a 1300 Cursor M, 10486 (Cott.) Suilk a worthi sun, . Als sco 
desird for tohaf. c1q400 MaunpEv. (Roxb.) xiv. 62 Desirand 
to see pare wifes and pare childer. ¢ 1425 //amzfole’s Psalter 
Metr. Pref. 29 Who so desires it to know. 1509 Hawes 
Past. Pleas. xv. vi, To speke wyth her gretly desyrynge. 
1602 Suaks. Ham, iv. v. 140 If you desire to know the 
certaintie. 1697 Drypen xeid u. init., Since .. ‘Troy's 
disast’rous end [you] desire to know. 1875 Jowrtr Plato 
(ed. 2) IV. 30 They donot desire to bring down their theory 
to the level of their practice. 

¢c. with 047. clause. 

¢1340 Cursor M. 1801 (Trin.) penne desired po caitifs badde 

a] had ben by noe ladde. c1600 Suaxs. Sonn. Ixi. 3 

lost thou desire my slumbers should be broken? 1784 
Cowrer 7Jivoc. 811 To you .. Who wise yourselves, desire 
your sons should learn Your wisdom. 1850 TENNyson /7 
Mem. 1. 1 Do we indeed desire the dead Should still be 
near us? 1859 — Lancelot § Elaine 1089 You desire your 
child to live. 

2. intr. (or absol.) ‘To have or feel a desire. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 5 For she, which loveth him to-fore, 
Desireth ever more and more. 1611 Biste Prov, xiii. 4 The 
soule of the sluggard desireth, and hath nothing. 1620 
Snevton Quix. III. vy, He that will not when he may, when 
he desireth shall have nay. @1831 A. Knox Rem. 1. 37 
In moral matters, to desire, and possess, differ in degree, 
rather than reality. 1875 Jowrrr (ato (ed. 2) 1,68 He who 
desires, desires that of which he is in want. 

tb. Const. after, to, etc. Obs. 

a1300 Holy Rode 347 in Leg. Rood 46 Po desirede }e 
quene muche after pe nailes pre War-wib our lord was 
Inailed to be tre. 1325 Prose Psalter xii{i}. 1 As pe hert 
de-siret to be welles of waters, so de-sired my soule to be, 

1477 Norton Ord, Alch, Proem in Ashm, (1652) 6 
Every estate desireth after good. 1549-62 STERNHOLD & H. 
Ps. cxliii. 6 My soule desireth after thee. 

+3. trans. Of things: ‘To require, need, demand. 

1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 29 It desyreth 
a moyst ground, riche and good. 1§87 Gotpinc De Afornay 
xxvi. 397 True beautie desireth no painting. 1g91 SPENSER 
Tears of Muses 541 A doleful case desires a dolefull song. 
1607 Torseit Four-f. Beasts 292 There be many kindes 
of Mise, and every one of them desireth a particular tractate. 

4. To long for (something lost); to feel the loss 
of, miss, regret, desiderate. (In quot. 1614, fass., 
to be missed, to be wanting.) Ods. or arch. 

1557 Nortu tr. Guevara's Diall Pr. 232b/2 On the death 
of thy child Verissimus, thy sonne so much desired. 
161r Biste 2 Chron, xxi. 20 He reigned in Ierusalem 
eight yeeres, and departed without being desired. 1614 
Sevpen 7%t/es Hon. 142 Otherwise .. Pharaohs discretion 
would have been much desired. 1658 RowLanp Mou/fet's 
Theat. Ins. Ep. Ded., That the Reader..may-not desire an 
Epistle, or complain that there is one wanting. 4 
‘Tennyson Holy Grail 897 And now his chair desires him 
here in vain. 

5. To express a wish for (an object); to ask 
for, request. 

Const. a. with simple 047. : to d.athing; b. to d. a thing 
of, from (+ at) a person (arch.); C. with inf ob7.; to d. to 
now, have, etc., something ; Gd. with 047. cl., tod. that... 

a@. c1314Guy Warw. (A.) Erls, doukes of pe best..Me 
[Felice] haue desired apliz3t, Pat neuer of me hadde si3t. 
1350 MWrll. Palerne 4583, I desired pis damisele..To haue 


hire to pi bro'er .. Ac hire moder in no maner hire nold me | 


graunte. ¢ 1450 Merdin 27 When thei wiste that Vortiger 
disered the pees, they were gladde. 1656 Burton's Diary 
(1828) I. 39, | move that his Highness’s advice may be de- 
sired in it. 1754 CuatHam Lett, Nephew iv. 2t If you are 
forced to desire farther information .. do it with proper 
apologies. 1841 Lane Avad. Nes. 1. 97, I had spaietaian, 
but thou desiredst my death. 
bic Destr. Troy 7897 Pai .. sent to bat souerain .. 
dessirond full depely delyuerans of hir. 1535 CoverpaLe 
1 Kings ii. 16 Now desyre I one peticion of the. — 30d 


247 


xxxi, 16 When the poore desyred eny thinge at me, haue I 
denyed it them?  165x Sir E. Nicuovas in NV. Papers 
(Camden) 282 What you desire from mee. 1666 Prrys 
Diary 5 Dec., I gave him my song.. which he has often 
desired of me. 

@. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 1022 To these kynges he come .. 
And to haue of hor helpe hertely dissyred. 1450 W. SomNER 
in Four C. Eng. Lett. 4 Vhe maister desyryd to wete yf the 
shepmen wolde holde with the duke. 1563 Apr. Parker 
Corr, (Parker Soc.) 191, 1..thereupon desired to have the 
Council’s letters. 1785 Mod. Times 1. 16 He desired 
never to hear any thing of me. 1828 Scorr 7. A/. Perth 
xxxiii, He alighted at the Dominican Convent, and desired 
to see the Duke of Albany. 1887 Bowen Virg. <2uefd m1. 
358 Speech I crave of the seer, and desire his counsel to 
learn. 

d. 1404 Rolls of Parlt, 11. 549/1 The Comunes desiren 
that the Kyng shulde leve upon his owne. 1656 Burton's 
Diary (1828) 1. 80, I desire it may not die. 1689 7>yad 
Bps. 19 We desire it may be read in English for we don't 
understand Law-Latin. 1738 Swirt Pol. Conversat. 98 Run 
to my Lady M— ; and desire she will remember to be here 
at Six. 1823 Sourney //ist. Penins. War 1. 176 He desired 
Velarde would write to the court. 

6. To express a wish to (a person); to request, 
pray, entreat. 

ta. with sémple object: to make a request to (ods.); 
+b. tod. a person a thing, or of a thing (o4s.); @. tod. a 
person /o do something (the most freq. construction); d. to 
d.a person that, or ofa person that... 

ta. 1826-34 TINDALE Yoh xii, 21 Certayne Grekes. .cam 
to Philip .. and desired him, sayinge: Syr we wolde fayne 
se Iesus. 1563-87 Foxe A. § JV. (1596) 32/2 John spake 
unto him, and desired him in like maner and contestation 
as before. 

+b. a1sss Hoorrr in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 127 
Repente, and desyre god of forgeuenes. 1583 GoO1.DING 
Calvin on Deut. xviii. 105 If a Childe .. desire*his Father 
some fond or euill thing. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 1. i. 402, 
I humbly doe desire your Grace of pardon. 

C. 21533 Lp. Berners //von Ixi, 212, I desyre you to 
shew me where ye have ben. ¢ 1563 CaveNpisH J/etr. I 7s. 
in Life Wolsey (1825) I]. 124 Desyryng me vouchesalve for 
toconsent l’o wright their myshappe. 1681 Tremere AZen, 11. 
Wks. 1731 I. 342 The Duke of Monmouth being Chancellor, 
I desir’'d the King tospeaktohim. 1710 Swirr Left. 10 Oct. 
(1767) ITT. 21 He desires me to dine with him again on Sun- 
day. 1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 138 Thomas McGee .. 
who was desir'd to do it. 1786 Sus. Hasweiy | %ctorva 11. 
7 Lady Wealthy. . desired her to. .desire the steward give 

er twelve guineas. 1833 Maxryat 7”. S7w/fle ix, He de- 
sired us to ‘toe a line,’ which means to stand in a row. 

d. 1523 Lo. Berners Feiss. I. cviii. 130, 1 desyre you 
that we may abyde in composicyon. 1539 Cranmer J/att, 
xvi. 1 The Pharises also with the Saduces .. desyred him 
that he wolde shewe them a sygne from heuen. 1585 T. 
Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xxi. 27 The Bascha sent 
to desire the Ambassador that the next day he would come 
to his solemne dynner. 1611 Biste Dav. ii. 16 Then Daniel 
went in and desired of the King, that hee would giue him 
time. 1822 SHeLtey Chas. /, u. 456 Go desire Lady Jane 
She place my lute. 

+ 7. To request to know or to be told; to ask. 

1477 Caxton Yason 95 b, Iason... desired the waye. 1708 
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 107 Mr. Watts came 
to me..and desir’d of me whether I were a Congregation 
Man. 

+8. To request the presence or attendance of; to 
invite. Ods. 

¢ 1325 Coer de L. 6871 Saye, that I hym desyre, And al his 
cursed cumpany in fere. 1530 PALSGr. 513/2, I desyre to 
dynner, or to a feest, or any repast, ze semons. 1554 
Braprorp in Strype “eccl. A/em. ILI. App. xxxi. 85, I was 
desyred by a neighbour .. ayenst this day to dyner. 1583 
Satir. Poem Reform. xiv. Leg. Bp. St. Androis 259 This 
bischop, beand present thair, Desyrit him hame. 1606 Suaks. 
Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 150, I would desire My famous Cousin to 
our Grecian Tents. 1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Justine 
88 b, Arsinoe. .desired Phillip into her Citty Cassandria, 

+b. To invite to a course of action, etc. 

¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 634 Pow dost me litel worbschipe, 
What pou me desirest to schenschipe. 1523 Lp. Berners 
Froiss. 1. cxv. 136 Ye haue desyred vs to a thynge that is 
great and weyghtie. 1588 Suaks. Z. Z. L. v. ii. 145 But 
shall we dance, if they desire vs too 't? 1645 CRoMWELL 
Lett. 4 Aug., I sent one Mr. Lee to them, To certify the 


_peaceableness of my intentions, and to desire them to peace- 


ableness. 

Desired (d/zaie1d), pp. a. [f. prec. + -ED 1] 

1. Wished for, longed for, etc.: see the vb. 

1382 Wyciir Haggai ii.8 The desirid to alle folkis shal cume. 
a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 43 To 3eue the a 3eifte of 
desirid helth, 16xx SHaks. Cyd. 1. v. 62 To her desir'd 
Posthumus, 1611 Brste Ps. cvii. 30 So he bringeth them 
vnto their desired hauen. 1655 Eart Orrery Parthen. (1676) 
at At last, the long desired day appear’d. 1855 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. 1V. 266 The long desired title of Elector of 
Hanover. 

+2. Missed, regretted, desiderated. Ods. 

@ 1533 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Dd ja, 
Of the death of suche an entierly desyred husbande. 

+3. Affected with desire; longing, desirous. 
[= L. caupidus.] Ods. 

a@ 1300 Cursor M. 28505 (Cott.) Gerndand i haf oft ben 
desird o pire wymmen scen. ¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn 
xlii. 158 She .. was sore desired to know of hym som gode 
tydynges. 1598 Yonc Diana 318 If thy sweete voice .. 
might sound in our desired eares with some happie song. 

Hence Desiredly adv., in a desired manner; 
++according to one’s own desire, con amore (obs. ; 
cf. DestRousLY) ; Desi‘redness, the condition of 
being desired. 

1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Cxsar65 He beans Pater miseri- 
cordiarum, and wholly, freely, and desiredly, giving, oc- 


casioning, ring, effecting our salvation. 1666 G. ALsop 
Mary. (1869) 46 Every man lives quietly, and follows 


DESIROUS. 


his labor and imployment desiredly. 1888 P. H. Wickstrep 
Alphabet Econ. Sc. 8, 1 am not aware of any recognised 
word, however, which signifies the quality of being desired. 
‘ Desirableness’ conveys the idea that the thing not only is 
but deserves to be desired. ‘ Desiredness’ is not English, 
but I shall nevertheless use it as occasion may require, 1889 
Sat. Rev. 16 Feb. 198/1 His introduction into the English 
language of ‘ desiredness’. 

Desi‘reful, ¢. Now save. 
-FUL.] 

+1. Greatly to be desired, desirable. Oéds. or arch. 

1382 Wycuir Dan. x. 3 Y eete not desireful breede, 1435 
Misyn Fire of Love 76 Delectabyl & desirefull it is in Ji 
praysinge to be. ¢1510 More Picus Wks. 15 More desire- 
full is it. .to be condemned of the worlde, and exalted of God, 
then to be exalted of the world and condemned of god. 1580 
Sipney Arcadia (1622) 434 Euery thing was either vehe- 
mently desirefull, or extreamely terrible. 1877 Bracke I] 7ve 
Alen 68 A brood of desireful maidens immortal. 

2. Full of desire; desirous; wishful, eager. 

152. Barcray Sadlust’s Fugurth 55a, To suche desyrefull 
mynde they had, nothyng coude to fast be hasted. 1540 
Morysine Vives’ /ntvod. Wysd. Pref. Aijb, Alway helpynge 
some, and stylle desyrefull to helpe mo. 1553 Grimatpr 
Cicero's Offices 1. 68 So desireful of .. learning y® nature 
of things. 1892 C. E. Norton Dante's Paradise v. 29 
Beatrice. .all desireful turned herself again to that region. 

Hence +Desi‘refulness, (é;., the state or quality 
of being desirous ; eagerness. 

1548 Upatt etc. Eras. Par. Luke Pref.8 He with greate 
desirefulnesse useth to reade. did. 56 ‘Toke out of 
their stomakes all desierfulnesse of doyng vengeaunce. 

Desireless (d7z9i1lés), a, [f. as prec. + -LESs.] 
Devoid of desire or longing. 

1607 TorsELt Serpents (1653) 758 Desirelesse it seeks these 
drinks and meats. 1640 Br. Reynoips /assions xl. 524 The 
Will is left Hopelesse, and therefore Desirelesse. 1856 
R. A. VauGcuan ALystics (1860) I. 254 Our spirit becomes 
desireless, as though there were nothing. .of which we stood 
in need. r 

Desirer (dézaiev roi). [f. DeEstre v. 
One who desires. 

c14so tr.. De Jmitatione m1. xxxvi, There are many de- 
sireres of contemplacion, 1548 R. Hutten Sve of Diui- 
nitie A vjb, It is expedient that ther be many desirers 
of the office. 1579 CoverpaLte DA, Death SE 
desirers of innocency, a@ 1613 Overnury A HW 7fe (1638) 108 
A desirer of learning. 1665 Maniey Grotins’ Low C. Warres 
ros Yet never ceased ta admonish all desirers of novelty. 
a 1691 Baxter in Tulloch Ag, Purit, iii. (1861) 366 He was 
a great desirer of such abatements as might restore us all to 
serviceableness. 

Desiring (dizaiv rin), v7. sd. [f. Destre v. + 
-InG1,] | The action of the verb Desire; longing, 
desire. (Now vave or Ods. exc. as gerund.) 

1377 Lanci. 2. 72. B. xt. 356 Porw coueityse and vn- 
kyndedesyrynge. 1491 Caxton | Vtas Patr. (W.de W. 1495) 
11, 235 b/x The desyrynges of the flesshe. 1593 ‘I’. Watson 
Tears of Fancie xx. Poems (Arb.) 188 If he at first had 
banisht loues desiring. 1677 Gitrin Deszonol. (1867) 63 iy 
‘lust’ I mean those general desirings of our minds after any 
unlawful object which are forbidden in the tenth command- 
ment. J/od. One cannot gain honour merely by desiring it. 

Desiring, #//.a. [f. Destre v. +-1N@*.] That 
desires ; longing, desirous. 

€1386 Cuaucer Melb. * 611 A man that is to desirynge 
for to gete riches. ¢ 1489 CAxton Sonnes of Aymion xxiii. 
497 ‘They were sore desyrynge for to see theyr wyves, theyr 
chyldren, and theyr londes. 1552 Hutorrt, Desirous or de- 
sirynge, afpetens, anutdus. 1593 Suaks. Nich. 1, v. ii. 14 
So many greedy lookes of yong and old, Through Case- 
ments darted their desiring eyes Vpon his visage. «@ 1700 
Drypen (J.) Jove beheld it with a desiring look. 

Desi‘ringly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly¥.] With 
desire, desirously, longingly. 

1ss2 Hvutoet, Desirously, or wyth desyre, or desiringly, 
cupide. 1662 J, CHANDLER Van Helmont's Oriat. Pref. to 
Radr., My Spirit. .desiringly desiring thorowly to know the 
whole sacred Art. 1821 CoLrrince Lett. Convers. &c. 11. 
35 The voice within, whenever the heart desiringly listens 
thereto. 

Desirous (dizsieras), a. Also 5 desirouse, 
-rose, desyrows, dessyrous, -rus, dissyrus, 
dyssirus, 5-6 desyrous(e, 6 desyreous, -rus, 
-rowus, desierous, dissirous, 7 desireous. [a. 
AFr, desirous = OF. destreus (earlier destdros, de- 
sirrus, mod.F. déstreux) = Pr. deztros, It. desideroso 
:—late L. or Rom. désiderds-us, f. stem of désider-are 
to DrstRE: see -ous, Orig. with stress on third 
and first syllable.] 

1. Having desire or longing ; characterized by or 
full of desire; wishful ; desiring. 

a. with of; also t fo (obs. rare). 

c1300 A. Adis. 416 Olimpias stont byfore Neptanabus, Of 
hire neowe love wel desirous. ¢ 1400 Des/r. Troy 8003 More 
dessyrous to the dede, pen Idem can. 1489 Caxton Faytes 
of A, 1. i. 169 A dyscyple desyrouse of lernynge. 1508 
Dunsar Goldyn Targe 54 As falcounn swift desyrouse of 
hir pray. 156r T. Norton Calvin's Just. 11. 221 They that 
haue a desirous mind of amendment. 16rr Biste 7vans/. 
Pref, 4 The Grecians being desirous of learning. 1755 YounG 
Centaur i. Wks. 1757 1V. 125 Man is not only desirous, but 
ambitious too, of happiness. 1891 Law Reports Weekly 
Notes 78/2 The lessor was desirous of pulling the house 
down and building a new one. 

b. with if 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Former Age 59 Ne nembrot desyrous To 
regne had nat maad his towres he . ©1489 Caxton Blan- 
chardyn vii. 29 Ryght desyrouse to here tydynges of her 
louer. 1555 Epen Decades 158 Owre men. . were desyrous to 
see the towne. 1651 Hospes Leviath, 1v. xlv. 360 He is de- 
sirous to save himselfe from death. 1752 Jounson Rambler 


[f. Desire 5), + 


+ -ER1.] 


DESIROUSLY. 


No. 207 P. 9 We never find ourselves so desirous to finish, as 
in the latter part of our work. 1860 ‘l'yNDALL Glac. 1. xvi. 66 
Being desirous to learn something of its [the glacier’s} 
general features. 

ce. with 047. clause. 

1601 Suaks. 7'we/, N. ut. i. 83 My Neece is desirous you 
should enter. 1625 Bacon £ss., Revenge (Arb.) 503 Some. . 
are Desirous the party should know. 1632 J. pF peepee tr. 
Biondi’s Eromena 18 That I, desirous we might recover 
againe our liberty, 1828 Scorr /. J/, Perth iii, He averted 
his face, as if desirous that his emotion should not be read 
upon his countenance, 

d. simply. 

1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 1110 To shew desyrows 
hartes I am full nere. 1535 CoverpaLe 2 Sam. xxiii. 15 
Dauid was desyrous, and sayde: Wolde God yt some man 
wolde fetch me a drynke of water. 1667 Mitvon P. L. v. 
631 From dance to sweet repast they turn Desirous. 

+ 2. Of feelings, actions, ete. ; Characterized by, 
of the nature of, or expressing, desire or longing ; 
sometimes in bad sense, covetous. Ods, 

a 1420 Hoccieve De Reg. Princ. 1403 The desirous talent 
Ye han to goode. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 272/2 Thou hast 
brought me into a desyrous affection. 1509 Barciay Shyp 
of Folys(t570) 178 Alas note well thy desirous vanitie. 1580 
Swwney Arcadia (1622) 166 With a desirous sigh. 1652 L. S. 
People's Liberty ii. 4 Vhe word for desire .. implieth a de- 
sirous affection, 

+3. Full of eagerness or spirit; eager, ardent 
(esp. in deeds of arms). Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sgx.'s 7.15 Yong, fressh, strong, and in 
Armes desirous, As any Bacheler of al his hous. 1 3 Gowrr 
Conf. 1. 89 Of armes he was desirous, healers and 
amorous. cr4sotr. Ye /mitatione ut. xii, Pat pou be not a 
louer of piself, but a desirous folower of my wille. ©1470 
Henry Ha//ace u. 2 In prys of armys desirous and sauage. 
1470-85 Matory Arthur wy. iii, A good knyght and ful de- 
syrous inarmes. [Modernized reprint of 1634 desirous. ] 

+4. Longing for something lost; regretful. Ods. 
rare. (Cf. DESIRE sb. 3, v. 4.) 

¢ 1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) 1. 1077 My swete lorde of pe 
which desirose I am, and nedes must be. 

+5. Exciting desire ; desirable; pleasant, delect- 
able. Oés. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy t. viii, The lusty season freshe and 
desyrous, 1§56in Strype £cc?. Mem. 1. App. |xi. 219 Whiche 
most desirous daye of thy comfortable commynge hasten, 
deare Lorde. 1684 Bunyan Pilg. 11. 96 They make the 
Woods, and Groves, and Solitary places, places desirous to 
be in. 1728 Gay Begg. Of. u. i, Wine inspires us, And fires 
us..Women and Wine should Life employ. Is there ought 
else on Earth desirous? [1796 cf. Peccr Anonym. (1809) 434.] 

Desirously (dézaiv'rasli), adv. Now rare. [f. 
prec. + -LY 2, 

1. With desire or longing; wishfully, eagerly, 
longingly. (Frequent in 16-17th centuries. 

cxg00 Test. Love ut. (1560) 301/1 By which ye be draw 
desirously any thyng to wilne in coveitous manner, 
Arkynson tr. De /mnttatione i. ii, | beseche the humbly & 
desirously .. that thou vouchesaue to speke to me thy selfe. 
1556 J. Hevwoop Spider & F. Ixxi. titde, Desirously deuis- 
ing: by what meane to get peace. 1603 Knoites //ist, 


Turks (1621) 62 Which courtesie the Countie desirously em- | 


braced. 1692 Sourn Serm. (1697) I. 326 Do they hasten to 
their Devotions. .Or do they not rather come hither slowly, 
sit here uneasily and depart desirously? 1836 W. Irvine 
A storia (1849) 37 It... had been .. desirously contemplated 
by powerful associations and maternal governments, 

+b. With earnest desire, earnestly. Ods. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. ix. 192 The 
confessour ought to be well aduysed and hym enfourme 
desyrously. //d. wv. xxii. 291 Righte desyrously euery 
relygyous ought for to kepe hym from the tellynge of 
lesynges. 1647 F. Brann Souddiers March 44 One short 
Observation more would I desirously commend to your 


Christian piety. . 4 

+2. OL one’s own desire or wish; willingly, 
specie 5 Obs. : 

1531 Exyor Gov. n. xiii, Suche one as desirously wiil par- 
ticipate with his frende all his good fortune. 158g CoGan 
Haven Health ccxv. (1636) 233 Fhe superfluities..with the 
wine, shall be drawne off the stomack..but nature doth not 
so desirously draw Ale. 1635 Eart. Srrarrorp Lett. (1739) 
1. If..I could have avoided meddling with him, Ishould 
not desirously have begun with a Gentleman .. of so... tur- 
bulent a Disposition, 


Desi‘rousness. Now rare. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS,] The quality of being desirous; wishful- 
ness, eagerness, 


1§7t Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. vii. 5 As though his desyrouse- 
nesse too reigne had moved hym too trayterous rebellion. 
1665 Boyte Occas. Reff. (1845) 366 My desirousness of 
piety ina Preacher. 1872 A. Raceicu in Spurgeon 7reas. 
Dav. Ps. cxix. 20 Dr. Chalmers .. summed up his own at- 
tainments in the word ‘ desirousness.” 

Desist (dizi'st), v. Also 6 -syste, -cist, 7 dis- 
sist. [a, OF. destster (1358 in Littré; mod.}’. dé), 
ad. L, désist-cre, f. DE- 2 + sistére to stop, stand 
still.] 

1. intr. To cease (from some action or proce- 
dure) ; to stop, leave off, give over, forbear. 

1530 ee 514, % I comet you i ras 4 ot 
pose. 1, ‘ompl, Scot. vi. ray the to decist fra that 
tideus oeecite orison, 1585 t Wagauarou tr, Nicho- 
pe Voy. 1. xv. 16 Notwithstanding [they] did not desist 

their enterprise. 1632 J. Haywarp tr, Biondi's Ero- 
mena 100 At last, quite wearied with kissing and weep- 
ing, they were faine to desist. _ 1752 Frevpinc Amelie 121 
en should therefore desist from this enormous crime. 
@ 1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 51 The Peers desisted from 


— ee. 8 


248 


tb. Const. in. Ods. 
41774 Gotpsm. tr. Scarron's Comic Rom. (1775) 11. 176 


Request that he would desist in his gallantries to me. 1795 
ed me to desist .. in 


Fate of Sediley 11. 140 He only 
a of such an union, 1842 C. Wurrengan 2X. onus 
(1845) II, viii. 275, I desisted in the attempt ; more properly 
to speak, I declined it. 

tc. Const. inf. with to. Obs, 

1539 Act 31 Hen. V/1/, c. 12 Diuers idell.. persons. .haue 
not desisted to take egges of faucons .. out of the nestes. 
1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V’, 1. iii. 49 What do we then, but..at 
least, desist To builde at all? 1647-8 Corrrrest. Davila’s 
Hist. Fr. (1678) 19 Never desisted to persecute them. 1655- 
60 Stantey //ist. Philos. (1701) 160/1 Gods always were, to 
be desisted never. 

d. To cease to prefer a claim. 

1673 Pennsylv. Archives 1. 32 We doe hereby dissist off 
the same land. 

2. To come to an end, cease, terminate. Obs. 
rare. 

@ 1657 Sir J. Batrour Ann. Scot. (1824-5) 11. 254 The 
vrging of the Perth artickells must ceasse and desist. 

+ 3. trans. To leave off, discontinue. Oés. 

1 Barciay Shyp of Folys (1570) 107 Thou foole desist 
core vayne. : te Heverligan Hist. India 1.1.x. 225 
They shuld be required to desist their viage. 1679 OatES 
Narr. Popish Plot 53 He ordered the said Blundel, not to 
desist the business in hand. 
uncle desisted further inquiry, 1784 New Spectator xi. 6/1 
Unless they desist their attacks on the fair milliner. 

+4. To withstand (? error for resist). Obs.rare—'. 

1548 Boprucan (Adams) fit. Aing’s Title Hiv, Who of 
you by reason or otherwise 1s able to desist my persuasion 
of this vnion, 

Hence Desi‘sting w4/. sd. 

1607 Hirron Ii'ks, 1. 270 There was no desisting from 
former courses, no breaking off of olde sinnes. 1709 ( dice 
Collect. 13 Mar. Mr. Lhuyd..has carried his Point. .owing 
to my desisting. 

Desistance ((l/zi'stins). Also-ence. [f. Dr- 
sist v.: cf. OF. desistance, -ence (1300 in Godef.): 
see -ANCE.] ‘The action of desisting, leaving off, or 
forbearing to proceed; cessation, discontinuance 
of action. 2 

1632 LituGcow Trar. 1. 4, 1 partly forbeare..and reconciled 
times pleading desistance, moderate discretion inserteth 
silent patience. 1648 BoyLe Seraph. Love xiii. era! 78 
Men..make it both the Motive and the Excuse of their 
Desistance from giving any more, ‘That they have given 
already. 1768 Woman of Honor 111, 48° It is an argument 
the more for your desistence. 1803 S. Pecce Anecd. Eng. 
Lang., Aword commanding cessation and desistance, 1 
H. Srencer Data of /.thics vi. § 33.79 Life is maintained 
by persistence in acts which conduce to it, and desistance 
from acts which impede it. 1884 -_ in 194 Cent. Nov. 837, 
I must here close the discussion, so far as my own desistence 
enables me. 

+ Desi‘stency. Os. rare—'. [f. L. désistent- 
em, pr. pple. of désistére: see DESIST and -ENCY.] 
Cessation, 

1615 Marr. & Wiving i. in Hart. Misc. (Mabh.) IIL. 255 
End of the world and desistency of all things. 

Desi'stive, a. rave. [f. Desist v. + -IvE.] 
Ending, concluding. 1836 in Smarr. 

Desition (d/si-fan). [f. L. type *aesition-em, 
n. of action f. désinére, désit- to leave off, cease: see 
Destnent.] Termination or cessation of being; 
ceasing to be; ending. 

1612 R, Suetpon Serm, St. Martin's 45 The consecra- 
tions, oblations, consumptions, desitions of Christ,which they 
make daily .. vpon their prophane altars. 
mortality Defended 27(L.) The soul must be immortal and 
unsubject to death or desition. 1867 Br. Fornes Zaf/an. 
39 Art. xxviii. (1881) 550 The plain words of Scripture, in 
that they freely use the word ‘ bread ' to describe the Blessed 
Sacrament after consecration, go against the desition of the 
signum therein. bid. 551 Such a change. .as would involve 
a physical desition of what before existed. 1890 A. L. Moore 
Hise. Ref. 139 note, Nor does the statement .. on the doc- 
trine of the Bacrament expressly assert the desition of the 


natural sub ce of the el 
+ Desitive (de'sitiv), a. and sb. rare. Obs. [f. 
L, destt-, ppl. stem of déstnére to cease + -1VE.] 

A. adj, Logic. Of a proposition: Having refer- 
ence to the end or conclusion of a —— * 
sidan y ons Gas Regs asda Sa tee oon them an pos 
have not yet begun to vanish; therefore the sun is not yet 


B. sb. A desitive proposition. 

17a Warts Logic. ii. § 6 Inceptives and desitives, which 
relate to the beginning or ending of any thing ; as the Latin 
tongue is not yet forgotten, 

june, var. of Dissunk, Ods., breakfast. 

Desk (clesk), sd. Also 5-6 deske, (5-7 desque, 
6 dexe, dext), 6-8 Sc. dask, [MI. deske, app. 
immed, ad. med.L. desca ‘cum descis et scamnis, 
et aliis ornamentis’ (¢1250 in Du Cange). The 
latter is to be referred ultimately to L. discus 
(also used in med.L. in the sense ‘ table’), of which 
the regular Romanic form remains in It. desco ‘a 
deske, a table, a boord, a counting boord ; also 
a forme, a bench, a seat, or stoole’ (Florio), Prob. 
from this It. desco, the med.L. desca fem. (like 
mensa, tabula) was formed. 

Desk was in no way actually connected with dish, OF. 
disc, ME. disch, although OE. disc, WGer. disk, was itself 
an i doption of L. discus. The OFr. repr. of L. 


urging a request which seemed likely to be ly re- 
fused. 1866 Kincstey /erew. iii, He shouted to the com- 
batants to desist. 


head. 4 
Rom, desce, Pr. des, was deis, Eng. Dais. Thus | here [in Connecticut] called, the desk was 
a ria ] | not RS clergymen 


discus, 
dais, desk, dish, disk, all originate in the same word. 


1753 Stewart's Trial 209 ‘The | 


| 


| Andley Court 43 Oh! who would cast and 


| adesk of satin-wood. 1850 


1. An article of furniture for a library, study, 
church, school, or office, the essential feature of 
which is a table, board, or the like, intended to 
serve as a rest for a book, manuscript, writing- 
paper, etc., while reading or writing, for which pur- 
pose the surface usually presents a suitable slope. 

The name is applied to articles differing greatly 
in details of construction and in accessories, ac- 
cording to their particular purpose, which is often 
indicated by a qualification, as /ifany-, music-, 
prayer-, reading-, school-, writing-desk, eté. 

It may be a simple table, board, or shelf fixed at a con- 
venient =— for resting a book, etc., while reading or 
writing, or fitted on a small frame so as to be placed ona 
table, or upon a taller frame, with legs, etc., so as itself to 
stand on the floor, or it may be more or less elaborately 
provided with shelves for books, and with drawers and re- 
ceptacles for papers, documents, etc., such as are required 
for use in a library, study, school, or office. 

a. As a requisite for reading or writing on, or 
studying at. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frank/. T. 400 At Orliens in studie a book 
he say Of Magyk natureel, which his felawe. . Hadde prively 
vpon his desk [7.7 deske] ylaft.. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 
Leterone or lectorne, deske, decfrinum, etc. at Ora 
Sap. in Anglia X. 356 Lenynge hym vpon a ta og 1581 
Mutcaster Positions v. (1887) 34 Incke and paper..a 
deske and a dustboxe will set them both vp [i.e. a scholar 
to learn to draw as well as to write). 1594 Prat Yeqwell- 
ho., Diuerse Exper. 39 You must have a deske of the 
cleerest and evenest aw that is to be bought .. Upon 
this Deske you must fasten the patterne at the foure endes 
with a little wax. 161g SrerneNs Sa/yr. £ss. (ed. 2) 333 
Lawyers Clarke. . Hee doth relye upon his maisters tise, 
large indentures, and a deske to write upon. Perrys 
Diary (1879) 1V. 213, I observed the desk which he hath 
[made] to remove, and is fastened to one of the armes of 
his chayre. 1711 Streeter Sfect. No. 109 P 5 He sits with 
one Hand on a Desk writing. 1773 Jonson 17 Aug. in 
Boswell, Composing a Dictionary requires s and a 
desk : you can make a poem walking in the fields, or lyin; 
in bed. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, Nickleby cl 
an account book which lay on his desk. ‘TENNYSON 
nee at a 
desk, Perch’d like a crow upon a three-legg'd stool, 1847 
— Princ. 1. 90 To Lady Psyche's.. There sat along the 
forms..A patient range of pupils; she herself Erect behind 
i — Jn Mem, cxxviii, To cramp 
the student at his desk. 1871 Morty Voltaire (1886) 111 
He seems to have usually passed the whole day at his desk, 

b. As a repository for writing materials, letters, 
etc., as well as for writing on. In modern use 
often a portable box or case opening so as to pre- 
sent a sloping surface. 

1548 Coorer Bibliotheca Eliot, Pluteus..a littell holowe 
deske lyke a coffer, whereupon men do write. 1590 Suaks. 
C. Err.ww.i.103 In the Deske That's couer’d o’re with Turkish 
Tapistrie There is a purse of Duckets. 1626 Bacon Syfva 
§ 658 Some. .for Tables, Cupboards and Desks, as Walnuts. 
1692 Wasuincton tr. Milton's Def. ae Pref. (1851) 13 
Your Boxes and Desks stufft with nothing but Trifles. 
a 1744 Pore (J.', Lhave been obliged to leave unfinished in 
my desk the heads of two essays. 1865 Trotiorr Belton 
Est. xviii. 216 She got out her desk and pee herself for 
her letter. fed. ‘The prisoner had forced the desk open 


| and taken the money out of it. 


1645 Sonts In- | 


te, In early use, ap lied also to a shelf, casey 

or press, on or in which books stand in a library 
or study. Ods. 

le 1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Deske, 


nteum. 1483 Cath, 
Angl.97 A Deske ; et [a book-shelf, book-case, desk).] 
1 Leann Jin, ‘ 


«55 At the T overt 3 uare was 
a Desk ledgid to set es on es on Cofers withyn 
them, 1 
One that for his ime is set round with deskes of bookes. 
¢. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 
~*~ Beanesay Tiere Italy Wks. seer 
Teen The ke nan contained in desks or 
whose '$ stand to the wall. These Gakuen. oll to,at 
an equal nae, that the highest books are within reach 
without the straining. 

2. In a church or chapel: In the general sense 
of 1, a sloping board on which books used in the 
service are laid, as the book-board in a pulpit. 
Hence formerly (and still in U.S.) applied to the 
seat, stall, or pulpit of the minister, or, (as still in 
Scotland) to that of the clerk or precentor; in 

land, to the stalls or choir-seats, and to the 
ing-desk in the now obsolescent arrangement 
of pulpit, reading-desk, and clerk’s desk, one above 
an - w this has been abolished, and a 
special stall is provided for the reading of the 
ye 2 the latter is sometimes called the ‘ prayer- 


Churchw, Ace. St. Georges, Stamford (Nichols 1797) 

132 Making of pieyn deaques and ofa pleyne rodelofte. 1552 
Berksh. Ch. Goods 32 A old clothe of Ikyn for the dexe. 
1565 Harvinc in Ann, Ref. 1. App. xxx. 72 Capps 
me not they the bare Bible on the dext. 1604 les. Se 
(Surtees) 140 For a desk to lay the byble on. @ w. 
Fenner Christ's Alarm (1650) 18 How reyerently should ye 
sit in your Pewes? how ly should we stand in our 
desks? 1653 G. Firmin Sober Reply 28 My friend when he 
had done preaching .. went downe out of the Deske, _ 
A. Beprorp JZemple Mus. iv. 90 Their od in the 
Desks. oe Task 1. 94 Sweet enjoys the 
curate in oe Tes eee ome drawling ~ . 

i ENDALL . 1, i. or, as 

rm pay three, if 

3 a number which, by its form and 


DESK. 


dimensions, it was able to accommodate. 1830 TENNYSON 
Sonnet to ¥. AM. K., The humming of the drowsy pulpit- 
drone. . while the worn-out clerk Brow-beats his desk below. 
1846 Parker Gloss. Archit. (1875) 146s. v. Lectern, At Debt- 
ling is one [a lectern] of Decorated date; it is made with 
a desk for a book on four sides. 1870 F. R. Witson 
ca! Lindisf. 79 The pulpit, litany desk, and stalls are 
oaken. 


+b. A seat or pew ina church. Cf. Dats 3b. 


Obs. Sc. 

1560 in Edgar Ch. Life Scot?. (1885) I. 15 Neither the 
dasks, windocks nor duris be ony wise hurt. 1603 /d/d., To 
big ane removabill dask for his wyff. 1678 in Old Church 
Life Ballingry (1890) 11. 20 Fill up with deskes the emptie 
roomes of the Church. 1701 in Scott, N. & Q. I. 12 [To 
farm] the haill dasks in both churches, 1885 EpGar Ch. 
Life Scott. 1. 16 Down to about the middle of the 17th cen- 
tury there -were very few desks or seats in Church. 

3. fig. a. Used typically for the functions or 
office of the occupant of a desk, esf. in sense 2. 

1581 J. Bett u's Answ. Osor. 108 b, Luther doth not 
take upon him the person of a schoolemaister, nor hath 
challenged to himselfe the dignitie of high deske, nor ever 
taught any Schooles of new factions, 1821 Dwicut 7razv. 
II. 277 He [Dr. Backus, a professor of divinity] educated 
between forty and fifty for the desk. 1836 W. Anprew 

* Hist, Winterton, etc., 107 At a time when the pulpit and 
reading-de ere generally at variance. 1838 Brit. Critic 
XXIII. 294 Their tendency is, to exalt the Pulpit too far 
above the Desk ; to make the performance of man the very 
life and soul of all public worship. : 

b. Work at the desk in an office, etc. ; clerical 
or office work. 

1797 Burke Regic. Peace ut. (R.), Never can they who 
from the miserable servitude of the desk have been raised 
to empire, again submit to the bondage of a starving bureau. 
1844 Emerson Lect., Vung. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 296 He 
who merely uses it [the land| as a support to his desk and 
ledger... values it less. 

4. transf. A meeting of those who occupy the 
choir desks of a cathedral. 

1691 in Macray Catal. Rawl. MSS. Dii, 26 The sub- 
chanter and vicars [of Lichfield] desire to know whether he 
wishes to renew the lease .. as the matter will be settled at 
the next meeting, or dese as they call it. 

5. attrib. and Comb., as desk-board, -closet, 
-drudge, -fellow, -gong, -officer; desk-book, a 
book for constant use at the desk, a handbook, 
vade-mecum ; desk-cloth, a cloth to cover a read- 
ing-desk or lectern; desk-knife, a pen-knife with 
fixed handle, an eraser; desk-man, a minister, 
clergyman, or preacher; desk-work, work at a 
desk, as clerk, book-keeper, etc. 

1614 SELDEN 7itles Hon. 110 Fastned with long nailes to 
the *deskboards. 1892 Literary World 22 Jan. 82/3 This 
*desk-book may be highly recommended. 1879 E. GARRETT 
House by Works 1. 2 In the little oak *desk-closet at the 
back of the shop, stood a young woman. 1880 BrowninG 
Dram, Idylls Ser. 1. Clive 92 *Desk-drudge, slaving at St. 
David's, one must game, or drink, or craze. 1825 LAMB 
Elia Ser. u. Superannuated Man, Yo visit my old *desk- 
fellows. 1833 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal I. 9 Pen-knives 
.-fastened into the hafts, in the manner of what are now 
called *desk-knives. 1893 K. Graname Pagan Ess. 105 The 
*Desk-men have atemporary majority. 1885 Public Opinion 
9 Jan, 38/2 A scientific and what is popularly known as 
a *desk officer. 1864 TrNNyson Sea Dreams 78 A dozen 
years Of dust and *deskwork. 

+ Desk, v. Ods. [f. DEsK 5d.] 

1. trans. To fit up or furnish with desks. 

a 1509 Hen. VII. W/Zin Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 
1. 498 That the said Chapell be desked. 

2. To place in or as in a desk. 

1615 Albumazar 1. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley Il. 311 A leaf of 
that small Iliad That in a walnut-shell was desk’d. 1646 J. 
Hatt Poems 1.2 Then are you entertaind, and deskt up by 
Our Ladies Psalter and the Rosary, 1670 Lassets Voy. 

- Italy II. 164, 1 .. saw many curious relicks desked up in 
the side of the wall. 

3. Zo desk it: to work at a desk, do clerical 
work. monce-use. 

* 1846 J. Mackinrosu Let, in Mem. (1854) 109, I have been 
busy, sometimes desking it 13 to 15 hours per diem, 

Deskater, obs. form of DisscarrEr v7, 

Deskeletonize : sce Dr- II. 1. 

Deskever, obs. form of Discover v. 
‘Deskful (de'skful). [f. Desk 5d,+-ruL.] As 
much as a desk will contain. 

1877 Besant & Rick Harp § Cr. ix. 67 The..letters.. 
There was not a word of love in a deskful of them. 1894 H. 
Taytor in Amer, Ann, Deaf Apr. 117 The teacher finds 
he can get along better without a deskful of switches. 

Deslavee, -avé, var. forms of DELAvy a. 

+ Deslay, obs. form of Detay_v. [So OF, 
desleer for deleer.} 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 60, For I may say..That idel man 
have I be nought, For how as ever that be deslaied, Yet 
evermore I have assaied. bid, 115 Every joy him is 
deslaied. 

Desma (desma). Zzo/. Pl. desmata, desmas, 
[a. Gr. 5€opa (pl, -ara) bond, fetter, head-band, f. 
5é-e to bind.] : : 

1. A bandage; a ligament. 

1857 in DuNGLison. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

2. A kind of spicule which unites with others 
to form the skeletal network in a particular group 
of sponges. 

er Sotras in Encycl. Brit, XXII. 418/2 (Sponges) In 
the Lithistid sponges a skeleton is produced by the articula- 
tion of desmas into a network, 


Vou, III. 


| 
| 


249 


Desmachyme (de‘smakaim). Bzo/. [f. Desma 
+Cuyme (Gr. xupds animal or vegetable juice, 
xtpa(r- liquid).] A suggested name (now aban- 
doned) for the connective tissue of sponges, formed 
of desmacytes. Hence Desmachymatous (-ki’- 
mates) a., of, pertaining to, or of the nature of 
desmachyme. 

1887 Sotas in Encycl. Brit. XX11. 422/1 A layer of thickly 
felted desmachyme. /éid, 420/2 A desmachymatous sheath 
surrounds the whole. 

Desmacyte (de‘smasait). Zzo/. [f. DesmMa + 
-OYTE cell.} A name suggested for one of the 
fusiform cells of connective tissue in sponges. Now 
called Ino-cyTeE. 

1887 Sottas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 419/2 Connective- 
tissue cells or desmmacytes are present on most sponges; they 
are usually long fusiform bodies consisting of a clear colour- 
less. .sheath, surrounding a highly refringent axial fibre. 

|| Desman (de‘sman). Zoo/. [In Fr. and Ger. 
desman, from Sw. desman-riatta musk-rat, f. desman 
(Da. desmer, Icel. des-) musk.] An aquatic in- 
sectivorous mammal, of the genus A/yogale, nearly 
allied to the shrew-mouse, but larger ; esp. AZ. mos- 
chata, the musk-shrew or musk-rat, which inhabits 
the rivers of Russia, chiefly the Volga and Don, 
and secretes a sort of musk. Another species (J/. 
pyrenaica) is found in parts of the Pyrenees. 

1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. (1862) I. v1. i. 454 The Desman.. 
has a long extended snout, like the shrew-mouse. 1861 
Huime tr. Moguin-Tandon u. ut. ii. 110 The tail of the 
Desman of Muscovy, or Musk Rat of Russia. .is sought for 
as a perfume. It owes its odour to a substance which is 
secreted by two small follicular glands placed at its base. 

Desmid (de‘smid). Bot. [ad. Bot. L. Desmi> 
dium (generic name), f, Gr. type *Secpidiior, dim. 
of Secués band, chain.] <A plant of the genus 
Desmidium, or order Desmidiacex of microscopic 
unicellular alge; so called because sometimes 
found united in chains. 

1862 Dana Man. Geol, 271 Desmids..are microscopic 
plants, consisting of one or a few cells. 1867 E. Nares 
(title), Handy Book to the Collection and Preparation of 
Freshwater and Marine Alga, Desmids, etc. 1871 Farrar 
With. Hist. i. 34 Look through the microscope..at some 
desmid gleaming like an animated opal with living irides- 
cence. 

Hence Desmidia‘ceous a., of the N.O. Desmi7- 
diacex, containing the desmids; Desmi-dian a., 
of the desmids; 5. a desmid ; Desmidio‘logy, 
the scientific study of desmids; Desmidio‘logist, 
one who pursues this study. 

Desmine (de'smin). JZ, Also desmin. [f. 
Gr. deopuy bundle +-1NE.] A synonym of StiLBrre, 
a zeolitic mineral occurring in tufts or bundles of 
crystals, 

1811 Pinkerton Pefrad. II. 14 A substance in silky tufts, 


which he calls desmine, 1814 ALLAN A/in. Nomen, 16, 1844 
Dana Min. 328. 


Desmo- (de‘smo), combining form of Gr, 5ecpds 
bond, fastening, chain, ligature, an element in 
scientific words of Greek derivation. Desmo‘brya 
pl. (Gr. Bpvoy ; see BryoLocy], name for a group 
of ferns; hence Desmo‘bryoid a., belonging to 
or resembling the Desmobrya. De'smodont a. 
and sé, (Gr. é50vr- tooth], belonging to, or one 
of, the Desmodonta, a group of bivalve mol- 
lusés. Desmognathous a. [Gr. yvd8os jaw], 
having the type of palatal structure shown in the 
Desmognathx, a group of birds in Huxley’s classi- 
fication, in which the maxillopalatine bones are 
united across the median line; so Desmo‘gna- 
thism, this type of palatal structure. Desmo‘gra- 
phy Azat., ‘a description of the ligaments of the 
body’ (Craig 1847). Desmo'logy, ‘the anatomy 
of the ligaments of the body; also, a treatise on 
bandages’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Desmonoso ‘logy 
(Gr. véa0s disease], ‘ the description of the diseases 
of the ligaments’, Desmopatho-logy, ‘the doc- 
trine of diseases of ligaments’. Desmo‘pathy, 
‘disease of the ligaments’ (Dunglison 1857). 
Desmope‘lmous a. [Gr. réAya sole of the foot], 
Ornith. having the plantar tendons connected, as 
some birds, so that the hind toe cannot be moved 
independently of the front toes. Desmo‘stichous 
(-kas), a. [Gr. orixos row, line], belonging to or 
having the characters of the Desmosticha, a group 
of echinoids or sea-urchins having the ambulacra 
equal and band-like. Desmo‘tomy [Gr. -rojua 
cutting], the dissection of ligaments (Dunglison 
1857). 

La Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Desmology, a 
treatise on the ligaments. 1875 Parker in Encycl. Brit. 
III, 711/2 (Birds) The desmognathous type of skull. Zé. 


712/1 It is possible to make several important divisions in 
the kind and degree of desmognathism. 


Desmoid (de‘smoid), a [f. Gr. deauds band, 
ligament, etc. and deoun bundle + -om.] Resem- 
bling a bundle. a. Path. Applied to the tissue of 
certain tumours which contain numerous fibres 


DESOLATE. 


closely interwoven or arranged in bundles. b. 
Zool, and Anat. Ligamentous ; tendinous. 

1847 Soutn tr. Chedius’ Surg. 11. 712 Desmoid, sarcomatous, 
steatomatous, chondroid and fibroid swellings, have been 
classed together us fibrous tumours. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. 
Pathol, 271 ‘The fibrin-like appearance of this desmoid tissue. 

De'smous, @. rvare—°. [f. as prec. + -ovs.] 
Ligamentous. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

|| Deso‘bligeant. Ods. [ad. F. désobligeante 
in same sense, fem, (sc. voeture carriage) of aés- 
obligeant disobliging.] ‘A chaise so called in 
France from its holding but one person.’ (/Vole to 
Sterne, in ed. 1794.) Cf. sa/hy. 

1768 Sterne Sent. Yourn. (1778) 1. 20 (Desodligeant) An 
old Desobligeant..hit my fancy at first sight, so I instantly 
got into it. 1770 J. Apams Diary 12 July Wks. 1850 II. 
246 Got into my désobligeant to go home, 

Desocialize, -ation: see Dr- II. 1. 

|| Désceuvre (dez6-vre), a. [Fr.] Out of work, 
unemployed, unoccupied; languidly idle. So 
Désceuvrement, lack of occupation, 

1750 Cuesterr. Lett, 11 Jan. (1774) I. clxxxi. 541 If.. 
some charitable people .. being deswuzv7é themselves, came 
and spoke to me. Tiss GuxninG Packet IV. 258 In 
. calling her a fine old quiz, 1839 

“GF, in Life (1891) I. 348 Drowsy, dull, des@uczré, not 
having a book in press. 

1828 Eng. in France Il. 41 (Stanf.) The Baronne looked 
for a friend. .for désa@uvrement, for amusement, not excite- 
ment. 1849 LonGr, in L7/ (1891) II. 154, I have nothing 
to write you, and write..from mere dés@uvrentent, 

Lesolate (desilct), ppl. a. (sb.) Also 4 deso- 
laat, 4-5 disolat, dissolate, 4-6 desolat. [ad. 1. 
désolat-as left alone, forsaken, deserted, pa. pple. of 
desdlare to leave alone, desert, f. DE- I. 3 + slave 
to make lonely, sé/us alone, lonely. The earliest 
uses were more or less participial.] 

+A. as fa. pple. Brought to desolation, laid 
Waste); ‘see DESOLATE v. 

1382 Wycur Luke xi. 17 Euery rewme departide a3ens it 
silt schal be desolat [desoladbitur], — Wisd. iv. 19 Vito 
the he3est thei shul ben desolat (desolabuntur], 

B. adj. 1. Left alone, without companion, soli- 
tary, lonely. 

1386 Cuaucer Merch. T. 77 He which hath no wif.. 
lyveth helples, and is al desolate. ¢ 1450 A/erdin 596 Many 
a gentill lady be lefte wedowe, and many a gentill mayden 
dysolat. 1548 Hatt Chron. 202 b, Leavyng the erle of 
Pembroke almoste desolate in the toune. 1657 Cokaine 
Obstinate Lady vy. iv, 1 should live a desolater life ‘han 
e’er the strictest anchorite hath done. 1860 ‘Tynpatt Glac. 
1, xi. 85 A position more desolate than his had been can 
hardly be imagined. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola un. xii, No 
soul is desolate as long as there is a human being for whom 
it can feel trust and reverence. 

+2. Destitute or deprived of, lacking. Rarely 
with zzf. : Without means, quite unable 70, Ods. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Jan of Law's 7.838 So yong, and of 
armure so desolate. c1430 Lypc. Bochas xt. i. (1554) 144 b, 
John Bochas..dissolate ‘lo determine such heauenly-hid 
secrees, 1535 CovERDALE Auth i. 5 The woman remayned 
desolate of both hirsonnes. 1544 PHAER Regi. Lyfe (1560) 
Qiij b, The tender babes are oftentymes affected, and de- 
solate of remedy. 1632 Lirncow 77av. x. 500 By dissolute 
courses..leave themselves deservingly desolate, of Lands, 
Meanes, and Honesty. 1720 De For Caft, Singleton viii. 
(1840) 135 The place..was desolate of inhabitants. 

+3. Left without a king; kingless. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce t. 40 The land vj 3er..Lay desolat 
eftyrhysday. 1393 Gower Con/. I. 248 ‘The lordes..wolden 
save The regne, which was desolate. : : 

4. Destitute of inhabitants ; uninhabited, unpeo- 
pled, deserted. 

(This sense and 5 are often combined in actual use.) 

¢1374 CHaucer Axel. § Arc. 62 So desolate stode Thebes 
and so bare. c1450 Lypc. Compl, Loveres Lyfe 167 He 
thus lay on the grounde in place desolate. 1555 EpEN 
Decades 42 Many Ilandes very fruitefull yet lefte desolate. 
1634 Sir T. Herpert 7vav. 138 He allured out of Babilon 
sixe hundred thousand soules, so that the late triumphant 
Citie became halfe desolate. 1735 BerKELEY Querist § 418 
Roads untrodden, fields untilled, houses desolate. 1887 

30wEN Virg. Aeneid w. 588 Desolate shores and abandoned 
ports. pane 

5. Having the characteristics of a place deserted 
or uninhabited: a, in ruinous state or neglected 
condition, laid waste; b. without sign of life, 
bare of trees or herbage, barren; ¢. dreary, dismal, 
cheerless. 

1413 Pilgr. Sowle ut. i. (Caxton 1483) 49 A derker place, 
the moost wretchyd and desolate that euer men come ynne. 
1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 195 Ninivie, a great 
Citie, but nowe desolate. 1655 H. VauGHan Silex Sciut, 1. 

Will thy secret key Open my desolate rooms. 1779 
See in R, Palmer Bk. of Praise 86 This land through 
which His pilgrims go Is desolate and dry. 1838 Dickens 
Nich. Nick. ii, No man thinks of walking in this desolate 
place. 1847 James Convict ii, There was a cheerless, deso- 
late sound about it. : . 

+d. Of the head: Bare of hair, bald. Ods. 

¢xg00 Lancelot 366 It semyth that of al his hed ye hore 
Of fallith and maid desolat. ; 

6. Destitute of joy or comfort, like one bereft of 
friends or relatives; forlorn, disconsolate; over- 
whelmed with grief and misery, wretched. 

14.. Why I can’t be a Nun 96 in E. E. P. (1862) 140 For 
now I am alle desolate, And of gode cownesayle destitute 
¢ 1477 Caxton Yason 45b, Gyue confort to a desolate hert, 
1598 Yonc Diana 73 Yet did Arsenius ..leade the most 
sorrowfull and desolate life. 1653 H. CoGan uA Pinto’s 

; 382 


DESOLATE. 


Trav. xii. 36 Having heard what this desolate Queen said 
aly unto him. 1738 Westey Ps. & Hymns cxxxvii. 5 

England's desolate Church. Mrs. Stowe Uncle 
Tom's C. ix. 67, 1 must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, 
and comfort the desolate. 1857 H. Reep Lect, Eng. Poets 
II. xiii. 129 That desolate craving after the departed. 

+'7. Destitute of good quality, evil, abandoned. 
(Sometimes app. confounded with dissolute.) Obs. 

onnt Cuaucer Pard. T. 270 A comun hasardour. .ever 
the heyer he is of astaat The more is he holden desolaat. 
5 ‘omson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 82/2 Nor glutton, nor 
tl ee, nor man of wicked and desolate life. ae 7 VauGHAN 
Fashionable Follies 1. 153 Unhappy men of desolate and 
abandoned principles. : : 

8. Comb., as desolate-looking adj. 

1833 L. Ritcure Wand. Loire 78 The lonely and desolate- 
looking wanderer, 1872 Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 
154 The barren and desidate-lonkng valley..in front. 

B. adsol. or sb. A desolate place or person. 
ax4o0-5s0 Alexander 4354 Duells here in disolatis, in 
dennes & in cauys. 1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Vict. (R.), 
A r desolate, That now had measured many a weary 
ree 1795 SoutHEy Yoan of Arc vi. 433 Travelling the 
trackless desolate. . 

Desolate (de'sJleit), v. - [f. prec., after L. désa- 
lare, F. désoler in same sense. 

Wyclif has only the pa. pple. desolat (see prec.), and 
desolatid, immediately f. L. désd/at-us; by the help of these 
a passive voice was formed; the active to desolate (though 
implied in the pa. pple. deso/ated) does not occur till much 
later; even in Palsgrave 1530, it is only a dictionary 
equivalent of F. désoler, without example.) 

1. trans. To deprive of inhabitants, depopulate. 

(This sense and 2 are often combined in use.) 

1382 Wycur Ezek. xii. 19 That the loond be desolatid 
([desoletur] fro his multitude. 1530 Patscr. 514/1, I deso- 
late .. I make a countrey unhabyted, ¥e desole. 1601 R. 
cone Kingd, & Commu. (1603) 114 [Tarentum] is now 

y their civill dissentions almost desolated. 1791 Cowrrr 
Jliad v. 582 And desolate at once your populous Troy. 1875 
Lyett Princ. Geol. 11. 11. xxix. 140 As if the city had been 
desolated by the plague. 

2. To devastate, lay waste ; to make bare, barren, 
or unfit for habitation. 

1388 Wycuir Jatt. xii. 25 Eche kingdom departid a3ens 
it silf, schal be desolatid [desoladitur). 1585 T. Wasu- 
IncTON tr. Nicholay’s Voy, ui. ii. 71 b, His countrie being 
desolated. 1606 G. W[oopcocke] tr. //ist. Justine toga, 
All his fortunes being desolated and as it were melted from 
him. 1719 De For Crusoe u. v. (1840) 106 Would quite 
desolate the island, and starve them, 1 H. Hunter tr. 
St. Pierre's Stud, Nat. (1799) U1. 441 ‘The revolutions of 
Nature which had desolated France. 1868 J. H. Brunt 
Ref. Ch. E-ng. 1. 299 To desolate the houses. .of the monks 
and nuns by such plunder. 

absol. 1795 Soutney Yoan of Arci. 177 Thy bitter foes 
Rush o’er the land, and desolate, and kill 

3. To leave alone, forsake, abandon; to make 
desolate, deprive of companions or friends. 

1530 Pasar. 514/1, I desolate, I forsake one and leave hym 
comfortlesse.. Fe desole. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u. xxiii. 
§ 17 (1873) 231 He did desolate him, and won from him his 
dependances [7.¢. adherents]. 31809 [see DesotaTED A/. a.]. 

+4. To turn out of, so as to leave without habita- 


tion. Obs. 

1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 41 A Tabernacle. .which he 
shall not be vndermined and desolated out of. 

5. To make joyless and comfortless; to over- 
whelm with grief; to render wretched. 

1530 [see 3). 1535 Coverpate Dan, ix. 18 Beholde how 
w desolated. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. Ixxii. 
292 Altogether desolated as he was in this last affliction. 
1 Spectator 3 Sept. 1176 Buoyed up by constantly re- 
newed hope or desolated by continuous despair. 


Desolated (de‘sdle'téd), pf/. a. [f. prec. + -ED.] 
Made or left desolate ; see prec. : 

1580 Sipney Ps, xx. xii, Save .. My desolated life from 
dogged might. a1z700 Daypen Ovid's Metamt. 1, (R.), Tell 
how we may..people desolated earth. 1793 J. WiLLIaMs 
Mem. W, Hastings 41, 1 am a stranger to the private man- 
ners of this desolated gentleman, 1806 J. Fores Lett. 
France I. 64 The entangled walks of the desolated gar- 


dens. 1809 Camppett Gertr. W’yom. 1. xvii, In vain the 
desolated panther flies. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. xxi, 
Bare and desolated bosoms. 


Desolately (des/l4li), adv. [f. DesotatTE a. 
+ -LY*.] In a desolate manner; solitarily, by 
oneself (obs.); drearily, dismally, cheerlessly. 

1548 Hatt Chron, 218b, That kyng Henry her husband, 
was desolately left post a lone. a 1699 Bares Wks. IV. 
Serm, iv. (R.), Nehemiah. .all the pl es of the Persian 
court could not satisfy, whilst Jerusalem was desolatel 
miserable. 1831 Q. Nev. Jan. in Byron's IVks. (1846) pos 
note, There is .. nothing more mournfully and desolately 


beautiful. a@x85x Moir Poems, Des. Churchyard vii, ‘The 
wind amid the hemlock-stalks Would d Ob y sing. 
Ss 


+b. Abandonedly, magi 
1608 J. Kine Serm, 5 Nov. 17 The most abominably, 
desolately, deperditely wicked of all others. 


De'solateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The 
state or quality of being desolate; desertedness, 


dismal barrenness ; cheerlessness, dreary misery. 

@ 1626 Bacon Wks, VI. 38 (L.) In so t discomfort it 
hath pleased God some ways to regard my desolateness. 
ey kre in Spurgeon 7reas. Dav, Ps. cxliii. 5 A comfort 
to the desolateness of my heart. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 
I. xv. (71) 135 The forlornness and desolateness of that 
forsaken Habitacle, the Body of a natural Fool. 1818 
Snetrey Rev. /slam v. xxviii, The swift fall Of one so great 
and terrible of To desolateness. 1863 Geo. Exior 
Romola i. xxx, He so weary a sense of his desolate- 
ness. 1877 H. A. Pace De Quincey II. xix. 249 To face 
the desolateness of Wales, 


250 


Desolater: see DEsoLaTor. 

Desolating (de'sJle'tin), vd/. sd. [f. DESOLATE 
2. + -ING 1] e action of the verb DrsoiaTe. 

1591 Percivain Sf. Dict., Ermadi ing, desolating 
172a De For Plague (Rtldg, 1884) 29 A mere desolating of 
some of the Streets. 
- De‘solating, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG2.] 
That desolates (in various senses ; see the verb). 

1625 R. Skynner in Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 361 The deso- 
lating Abomination. 1 Martuias Purs. Lit. (1798) 429 
Desolating tyranny. 1813 Byron Br. Adydos u. xvii, 
Whose desolating tale Would make thy waning cheek 


DESPAIR. 


sense was far superior to him {Hobbes 


1834 Tait's Mag. 1. 488 The mass of the French naticn 

.. achieved desophistication of manners. 

Desordeine, -ordeynee, var. DisoRDEINE a. 
Desoxalic (despkse'lik), a. Chem. [ad. F. 


désoxalique : see Des- and Oxaic.] Formed by 
the deoxidation of oxalic acid. soxalic acid, 


a synonym of racemo-carbonic acid, C, H,O,. 
Hence Deso‘xalate, a salt of this acid, a racemo- 
carbonate. 


more pale. 1853 Trencn Proverbs 124 The d 1g 
curse of Mohammedan domination. 

Desolation (desoléi‘fon). [a. F. désolation 
(12th c. in Hatzf.), or ad. L. désd/ation-em, n. of 
action from désdlare to DESOLATE.] 
desolating ; the condition of being left desolate. 

1. The action of laying waste a land, etc., de- 
stroying its people, crops, and buildings, and 
making it unfit for habitation ; utter devastation ; 
an act or occasion of this kind. Also personified. 

1382 Wycuir 2 Chron. xxxvi. 21 Alle the days of desola- 
cioun he dide saboth. c¢xq00 Afol. Loll, 58 What more 
abhominacoun of desolacoun in holi place pan pat a swyn 
do vpon holy vestiment. x Tinpate Mark xiii. 13 
When ye se the abominacion that betokeneth desolacion 
(Wycuir of discomfort]. 1599 Suaxs. //en. V, 111. iii. 18 All 
fell feats, Enlynckt to wast and desolation. 1722 WoLLASTON 


Relig. Nat. ix.201 Wars and all those barbarous desolations | 


which we read of. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 58 
The general desolation of the place by the Danes. 181 

3yroN Lara u. x, And Desolation reap'd the famish’ 

land. 182x —- 7wo Foscari 1. i, | have follow'd long Thy 
path of desolation. 

Jig. 1893 Chicago Advance 30 Nov., The financial panic 
.. the desolations of which are by no means yet overpast. 

2. The condition of a place which by hostile 
ravaging or by natural character is unfit for habita- 
tion ; waste or ruined state ; dreary barrenness. 

©1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 144 (M&tz.) In a dirk 
prisoun of desolacioun. 1 Caxton Eneydos i. 14 Now 
was that pyetous cyte alle brent and putte in desolacyon 
suffretous. 1632 Lirucow 7rav. vit. 318 Least he impede 
.. the course of Nylus .. and so bring Egypt to desolation. 
1667 Mitton ?. L. 1.181 Yon drear ain, forlorn and 
wilde, The seat of desolation. 1791 Mrs. Rapvciirre Rom. 
Forest i, Such elegance .. contrasted with the desolation of 
the house. 1856 Stantey Sinai § Pal. i. 16 The general 
character .. of the mountains of Sinai, is entire desolation. 
If the mountains are naked Alps, the valleys are dry rivers. 

b. A thing or place in this condition ; a desolate 
place; a dreary waste or ruin. 

1611 Biste Yer. xxii. 5 This house shall become a desola- 
tion. 1856 Emerson Exg. Tratts, A ristocracy Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 76 Many of the halls .. are beautiful desolations, 

3. Deprivation of companionship; the condition 
or sense of being forsaken ; solitariness, loneliness. 

1588 Suaxs. L. ZL. L. v. ii. 357 You haue liu’d in desola- 
tion heere, Vnseene, vnuisited. 1628 Witner Brit. Rememd, 
VIL. 1046 Loathsome desolation, In stead of company. 1818 
Snetrey Rev. /s/amt x. xliii, As near one lover's tomb Two 
gentle sisters mourn their desolation. 1871 R. Extis Ca- 
tudlus \xiv. 57 Sand-engirded, alone, then first she knew 
desolation. 3 

4. Deprivation of comfort or joy; dreary sorrow ; 
grief. 

1382 Wycur Ezek. xii. 19 Thei schulen drynke her watir 
in desolacioun. ¢ 147 
alle the desolation of Oliferne. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. L. 
ut. ii. 400 Euerie thing about you, demonstrating a care- 
lesse desolation. 1752 Warsurton Left, (1809) 118 Poor 
Foster. .is overwhelmed with desolation for the loss of his 
master. 17§9 Rosertson //ist, Scot/. 1. v1. 480 Desolation 
and astonishment ap 
Church. 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 274 The hopeless 
inner desolation which is the unbroken lot of myriads, 

5. That which makes desolate. rare. 

1608 Vorksh, Trag. 1. ix, Ruinous man! ‘The desolation 
of his house. 

+ Desolative, ¢. Obs. rare. [f. L. désdlit-, 
ppl. stem: see -1vE.] Having the quality or ten- 
dency of desolating. ‘ 

1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 54 The full blast of this 
desolatiue-trumpet of Ie: em, 

Desolator, -er (de's/leitaz).  [a. L. désdlator, 
agent-n. from désd/dre to DESOLATE: see -ER!, 
Cf. F. désolateur (1516 in Hatzf.).] One who or 
that which makes desolate. 

@ 1638 Meve On Daniel 44 (T.) A desolater, or maker of 
desolations. 1786 Hist. Eurofe in Ann. Reg. 129/2 The 
—— of mankind, the desolators of provinces. 4 


yron Ode to Napoleon v, The Desol ! e 
Victor overthrown ! 1894 Epa Lyaut 70 Right the Wrong 
I. 43 War is the desolater. 


+ De‘solatory, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. désdli- 
tori-us that makes lonely or desolate, f. désdlator : 
see -ORY.] Characterized by causing desolation ; 
= DESOLATIVE. 
1606 Br. ANDREWES Sern. 5 aap Ie Serm. Ge 894 
bominable and desolatorie a plott. et ALL 
im) 


This so 
Rem. ese tory judgments area jprove- 
ment of Marwan a 168 rewel Unrev, (R.) This deso- 
latory abomination. 

Desolute, Desolve: see Diss-. 

De:sophi'sticate, v. [f. Dr- IL. 1.] trans. To 
free from sophistication, clear from sophism. Hence 
Desophi'sticating ///. a., Desophistica'tion. 

1827 Hare Guesses af 143 Selden .. in sound, sterling, 


Caxton ¥ason 22b, I am cause of | 


in every part of the Scottish | 


The action of 


[f. as prec. + Oxy- combining 
form of oxygen.] Without oxygen, deoxidated ; 
as in Desoxy-a‘nisoin, Desoxy-be’nzoin, Des- 
oxy-gluta‘ric acid, etc. 

1882 A thenxum 16 Dec. 818/2 The desoxybenzoin of phe- 


nanthrene. 
+D ‘tion. Ods. [Fr.: see Des-.] 
= DEOXIDATION. 


1799 Med. Frui.1. 200 Pelletier .. passed over the desoxy- 
dation of that metal by tin. 

Tg (déspée-1), sb. Forms: see the verb, 
[ME. des-, dis-peir, -pair, a. OF . *despeir, despoir,* 
vbl. sb. from desperer (tonic stem despei7® despoir-). 
Cf. also F. désesforr (12th c.) whence DEsesPErR.] 

1. The action or condition of despairing or losing 
hope; a state of mind in which there is entire want 
of hope ; hopelessness. 

¢ 1325 Metr. Hom. 170 No man in i ad thar [=need] 
be..If they wyll call on oure Lauedy. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer 
L.G. W, 2557 Phyllis, She for dispeyr [v. rv. dis-, dyspayre] 
fordede hyre self, allas! ¢ 1386— Pars. 7. P 619 Now comep 
wanhope pat is despair [7 77. dis-, despeir e, dispeyr} odor 
mercy of god. ¢ ng begetnp Sonnes of Aymon xvi, 370 He 
sayth it like a man that isin dyspeyre. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. 
VII, c. 28 Pream., The seid sueters .. were .. in dispayre of 
expedicion of ther suetes. 1585 T. Wasnincton tr. Nicho- 
Jay's Voy.1. xix. 23 Seeing theyre matters too be in despaire 
g succour, and not able to holde out any longer. 1667 
Mitton P. Z. 1. 191 What reinforcement we may gain from 
Hope, If not what resolution from despare. KE Hum, 
Und. 1. xx. (1695) 122 Despair is the thought of the unat- 
tainableness of any Good. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 256 
‘This .. drove me ot Mls to Despair, and I lost all Hopes of 
ever procuring my Liberty. 1769 Junius Lett. xii. 48, I give 
up the cause in despair. 1843 Prescorr Mexico vi. viii. 
(1864) 400 Some .. gathering strength from despair, main- 
tained ..a desperate fight. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 1. 444 
It becomes no man to nurse despair, 1 Bowen Virg. 
Eneid 11. 298 Wails of despair broke over the town. 

b. Rarely in J pee » 

1560 A, L. tr. Calvin's Foure Serm. ii, Our spirit is wrapped 
in many dispaires. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. V///, u.ii. 29 Feares, 
and despaires, and all these for his Marriage. i, Futter 
Ch, Hist. 1x. vi. § 40 Their hopes were .. tu into de- 
Spairs, 


ec. ‘sonified. 
fp sages Mag. 66 (R.), I am (quoth m5 friend 


Despaire. 1667 Mitton P. L. xt. 489 ended the 
sick busiest from Couch to Couch. 178 reR Hope 58 
Hollow-eyed Abstinence, and lean r. 1821 SHELLEY 
Prometh. Und. 1, 576 Vill Despair smot! The struggling 


world, which slaves and — win, r 

2. ¢ransf. That which causes despair, or about 
which there is no hope. 

1605 Suaks. Macé. ww. iii. 152 Strangely-visited people, All 
swolne and Vicerous .. The meere despaire of Surgery, he 
cures, 182r Suetiey //ed/as Pref., Those faultless produc- 
tions, whose very fra are the desp modern 
1876 E. Mettor Priesth, viii. 390 If the adult popu- 
ir of the priests, the children are their 


art, 
lation are the d 


hope. 

#3. Used by Wyclif app. for: False or mistaken 
hope. (Cf, Desparr “45 
¢ 1380 Wyctuir Serm. Sel. s. I. 42 Eche man shal hope 
for to come to blisse; and if he } eel mae Hee. 

hope fals, himsilf is cause whi his e is . Ffor 
fals_ hope, _ sum men do dispeir, shulde have 
anobir jualite, 

+4. Without any dispayre: a metrical tag, mean- 
ing apparently ‘ without doubt, without fail, cer- 
tainly, iwis’: perhaps an alteration of ‘ without 
diswere, disware’, of earlier use. 

foot Harvinc Chron. cxxx. i, Whiche H. was erle 
notified Of Huntyngdon without any dispayre. did, cxxxiv. 
iv, Isabell the fayre His doughter was without any ~—* 

Despair ( éspée1), v. Forms: 4-6 des-, dis-, 
dys-, -peir(e, -peyr(e, -payr(e, dispar(e, -paire, 
5 disspare, -paire, dyspere, despeyer, 7 des- 
pere, -pare, -paire, -payr, 5-8 dispair, dys- 
payer, 4- despair. [ME. des-, dis-petren, -payren, 
a. OF. desfeir-, stressed stem-form of desperer :— 
L. Sec to despair, f. Dr-1.6 + spérare to hope. 
(Disp io F .tpaieeaerr a hoe eer 
of espérer to hope: so Pr. and Sp. ouace)) 

1. intr. To lose or give up hope; to be without 
hope. Const. of (with indirect passive fo de de- 
pore 7) ; rarely + zn (ods.), to with inf. 

r AMPOLE Psaiter cxviii. 156 Of synful men peryss 

ne thare | =need] dispayre. 38a Wvctir 2 Cor. ii. 7 Lest 
perauenture he that is such maner man ..dispeire. _¢ 1400 
A fol. Loll. 90 pat he despering in be mercy of God, trust 
in be is of men. 1530 PALsoRr. 514/1, I despayre, I am 
in wan hope, je despere, Latimer Serm. in Lincoln 
v.10} Phincions had dispelred of that woman, it passed 
aber oe gy eo 

fe oO 
peg me toe in True & Perfect Relat. Hh ivb, He 


DESPAIRABLE. 


dispayred in Gods protection. 165: Hosses Leviath. m1. 
xl, 255 Despairing of the justice of the sons of Samuel, they 
would have a King. 1680 Burner Rochester 13 He almost 
dispaired to recover it. 1 STEELE Jatler No. 159 P 6 
As long as you hope, I will not despair. 17x8 Lavy M. W. 
Monracu Lett. (1887) I. 241 His life was despaired of. 
1770 LANGHoRNE Plutarch (1879) I. 117/1 Tarquin, despair- 
ing to reascend the throne by stratagem, applied [etc.]. 
1838 THiRtwatt Greece 1V. 81 He did not despair of being 
able to find excuses. 1856 Emerson Lug. Traits, Times 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 117 When Cobden had begun to despair, 
it announced his triumph. 
+b. refl. in same sense. Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Merch. T. 425 Dispaire yow nought. 
Pars. T. ? 624 He that despeireth hym, is lyke the coward 
campioun recreant. 1483 Caxton Cato F vj b, Thou ought- 
est not to dyspeyre the. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 
1495) Il. 242 A He wolde dyspere hymselfe. xg02 Ord. 
Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. x. 116 Suche lecherous 
people dyspeyre them whan y’ houre cometh of theyr de- 
partynge. : 4 

te. Zo be despaired, in same sense: see DE- 
SPAIRED ff/. a. 1. Ods. 

+2. trans. To deprive of hope, cast into despair. 
Obs. rare. 

1393 Lanev. P, Pl. C. x. 38 That no deuel shal 30w dere 
ne despeir in 3oure deyinge. a 1595 Sik R. Wittiams Actions 
Low C. 30 (1'.) Having no hope to despair the governour 
to deliver it [the fort] into their enemies’ hands. a 1618 
Raveicu Dialogue, To despaire all his faithfull subjects. 

+3. trans. To cease to hope for, to be without 
hope of ; =despair of in 1. Obs. or arch. 

©1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) v. 467 Thei that despeyer mercy 
haue grett conpunccion. 1597 J. Kinc Ox Vikas (1618) 
597 Rotten members, whose cure is despaired. 1605 SHAKs. 
Macb, v. viii. 13, Macbeth. 1 beare a charmed Life. . M/ac- 
duff. Dispaire thy Charme. 1667 Mitton 2. L, 1. 660 Peace 
is despaird, For who can think Submission? 1706 Warts 
Hore Lyr. i. 269 How are his curtains drawn For a long 
evening that despairs the dawn! 1732 Lp. LAnspowne Zss, 
Unnat, see (1.), Love, despairing in her heart a place, 
Would needs take up his lodging in her face. 1773 //ist. 
Ld. Ainsworth 1. 31, I had almost begun to despair ever 
meeting her again. : 

"14. Used by Wyclif app. in sense: To hope 
amiss, to indulge false or mistaken hope. (Cf. prec. 


sb. 3.) 
¢1380 Wycur MWées. (1880) 339 He .. is folily disceyued in 
hise bileue and in hope, and ae he dispeyrep. 


+ Despai‘rable, z. Ols. [ad. L. désperabilis 


to be despaired of, desperate, OF. desferadle ; 
assimilated to Despair v.] To be despaired of; 
desperate. 


ve Wycur Yer. xv. 18 Whi mad is my sorewe perpetuel, 
and my wounde despeirable [1388 dispeirid] forsoc to be 
cured? 16x1 Corcr., Desesperable, despaireable, vnhope- 
full, 1633 ‘I’. James Vay. 10 Pieces of Ice.. put vs into 
despayrable distresse. 

Despaired (déspé-1d), A/a. [f. Despair v., 
corresp. in use to OF. desperd, desesperé, L. déspé- 
ratus: see DESPERATE. ] 

+1. In despair, despairing, desperate. Zo de 
despatred, to be desperate or in despair, to be with- 
out hope, to despair. (Frequent 14-16th c.). Ods. 

c1325 £. £. Aluit. P. C. 169 nne bi-speke pe spakest 
dispayred wel nere. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl, T. 215 He 
was despeyred, no thyng dorste heseye. 1483 Caxton Gold. 
Leg. 92/1 The gloryouse vyrgyne Marye whyche is con- 
foorte to dysconforted and hope to dispayred. /did. 425 b/2 
‘To thende that for their synnes..they shold not be de- 
speyred. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. xvi. 16 She beynge dy- 
spayred of the recouery of her astate. 1525 Lp. Berners 
Froiss. V1. cxliii. [cxxxix.] 397 They shulde haue been so 
sore dyspayred and dyscoraged. a@1572 Knox Hist. Ref. 
Wks. 1846 I. 19 He dyed ..in a phrenesye, and as one 
dispared. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 27 O in hou 
many things haw I offended .. but 3it I am nocht despered. 

+2. Of conditions, circumstances, etc. : Charac- 
terized by absence of hope ; hopeless, desperate. 

1382 Wycuir AZicah i. 9 For plage, or wounde, therof is 
dispeirid. 1393 Gower Cox/. III. 376 All though the weder 
be despeired. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 104b/1 He toke it 
as all dyspayred and wold haue slayn hym self. x1g61 ‘T’. 
Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 9 Men in despaired states are re- 


stored to good hope. 1581 J. Bert Haddon's Answ. 
oe ae elieving the dispeired cause of his distressed 
urch. 


+b. Of persons: Desperate, reckless. Obs. rare. 

1571 Satir. Poems Reform. xxv, 29 These despaired [v. 7. 
dispard] birdis of Belial. 

+3. Despaired of; no longer hoped for; cf. Dr- 
SPAIR . 3. Obs. 

1597 J. Kinc On Fonas (1618) 284 Two singular and 
almost despaired deliuerances. 1647 Crasuaw Sosf, d’Hero 
liv, Of th’ Hebrew’s royal stem, That old dry stock—a de- 
spair’d branch is sprung. 1654 R. Coprincron tr. /z'stine 29 
Soanctinncs, wre certain is a dispaired then a presume 

ictory. 

4. Despatred of: see DESPAIR v. 1. 

1635 A. Starrorp Fem, Glory par. 129 The fruit whereof 
she reaped in her dispair'd of Fertility. 1884 J. H. Srir- 
ae in Mind Oct. 531 Heretofore despaired-of philo- 
sophy. 

Despairer (déspéraz). [f. Despair v.+-ER!.] 
One who despairs or is without hope. : 

1620 J. Pyrer tr. ist. Astrea 1. 1. 28 These great de- 
spairers, 1666 DrypEN Ann. Airad. ccxlii, He cheers the 
fearful... And makes despairers hope for good success. 
¢ 1807 H.C. Rosinson Let. 7 June in Diary, etc. (1869) I. 
xi. 236 A man of talent, but a political despairer, an ex- 
jacobin. 1867 M. Arnon Poems, Thyrsis vii, Too quick 

irer, wherefore wilt thou go? 


251 


Despairful (déspé-rfil), a. [f. Despair sé. 
+-FUL.] Full of despair; hopeless, desperate. 

Marked by Johnson as ‘Obsolete’; revived in 19th c. 

1s80 SIDNEY Arcadia (1622) 72 That sweet, but sowre 
despairefull care. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. 285 ‘That 
despairefull worke, of joining it [Tyre] to the Continent. 
1631 Celestina vi. 67 Peace, thou despairefull fellow, lest 
Calisto kill thee. 1817 J. F. Pennie Royal Minstrel ut. 
343 Thus to raise Expectancy in my despairful breast. 1891 
Eng. Illust. Mag. \X. 177 His short, passionate, almost 
despairful cry. 

Hence Despairfully ad/v., Despairfulness. 

1604 Banincton Com/f. Notes /-xod. xvi. Wks. (1622) 258 
To haue men depend vpon his prouidence..and not 
wretchedly and despairetully to mucker vp what shall 
neuer doe them good. 1885 W.C. Russet Strange Voy. 
I. iii. 32 Thinking despairfully of the lonely hours. 1888 
Veitcu in J.C. Knight Principal Shairp & Friends 203 
His despairfulness regarding human reason in the theo- 
logical sphere. 

Despairing (déspérin), v7. 5d. [f. DESPAIR 
v.+-ING !,] The action of the verb; = DEspPatr sd. 

1375 Barsour Bruce ut. 194 Throw mekill disconforting 
Men fallis off in-to disparyng. 1633 P. FLetcuer Pisce. Lcd. 
ur. xv. 17 My wants..me in despairing drown. 1749 Br. 
Lavincton Exthus. Meth, §& Papists (1820) 23 Derelictions, 
terrors, despairings. 

Despairing, #//.a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 
That despairs, or ceases to hope; hopeless, 
desperate. (Of persons, or of actions, condi- 
tions, etc.) 

1591 Suaks. 77vo Gent. ut.i. 247 Hope is a louers staffe, 
walke hence with that, And manage it against despairing 
thoughts. 1697 Dryven Virg. Past. vin. 1 ‘The mournful 
Muse of two despairing Swains. 1718 /'yeethinker No. 88. 
229 This Despairing Lover stood on the Bank. 1818 Snet- 
Ley Rev. /slam_u. xiii, 1 will pour For the despairing. . 
reason’s mighty lore. 1884 J. M. Granvitie in 7%es 17 
Apr., ‘The physician .. gives a despairing opinion. 

Despairingly, av. [f. prec. +-Ly?.] 

1, In a despairing manner ; hopelessly. 

@ 1633 Austin A/edit. (1635) 167 Rather propheticatly than 
despairingly he [St. ‘Vhomas] desired to see them [Christ's 
wounds]. 1810 SoutHey Aehama xvi. xvi, Yielding, with 
an inward groan, to fate, Despairingly. 1881 Miss Brapvon 
Asph. WU. 5 ‘How can I convince you?’..she asked 
despairingly. 

+2. Hopelessly, desperately. Ods. rare. 

1838 New Monthly Mag. LUII. 414 The shopman was 
discovered. .despairingly drunk. 

Despai‘ringness. [f. as prec. + NESS.] De- 
spairing condition ; hopelessness. 

1727 Batey vol. II, Despairingness, a being without 
Hope. a@ 1729 S. Crarke is cited by Ocitvie. 

Desparity, obs. form of Dispariry. 

Desparple, var. DIsPARPLE v. Ods., to scatter. 

Despatch, variant spelling of DisparcH: so 
Despatchful, etc. 

+Despe‘che, v. Os. Also 6 dyspesche. 
[A variant of depeche, depeach, after 16th c. F. 
despecher, in OF. despeechter: see DEPEACH.] 
trans. To send away, get rid of, dispatch. 

1531 Eryot Gov. 1. ii, he capitaynes..despeched the 
multitude from them, /ééd. 11. x, Despechynge of sondry 
great affayres, /did. 11. xxvii, Sufficient to despeche 
matters of weyghtye importaunce. 1542 Upati Avasvv. 
Afoph. 218b, ‘To have thesame Mithridates by the backe, 
and to despeche hym out of the waye. 1550 Nico.is 
Thucyd. 223 (R.), They dyspesched a brigantyne [Fr. 
despescherent ung brigantin] by the which they aduertysed 
the Athenyans of that same victorie. 

De:speci-ficate, v. vare. [f. Dx-II.1.] trans. 
To deprive of its specific character. Hence De- 
specification. 

1872 J. Grore in ¥rnd. Philol. 1V. 63 Despecification (i. e. 
the word’s becoming less specific and significant) which we 
might express by various metaphors, as degradation, detri- 
tion..is simply the want of point, sharpness, and definite 
significance which results from common. .use of the word. 
1873 F. Hatt Mod. Engl. 305 /naptitude and ineptitude 
have been usefully despecificated ; and only the latter now 
imports ‘folly’, 1874 —in NV. Amer. Rev. CX1X. 327 With 
exceedingly: few exceptions, our so-called synonyms .. are 
distinctly despecificated. 

+ Despect (dispe‘kt), sd. Obs. Also 7 dis-. [ad. 
L. déspectus a looking down upon, f. ppl. stem of 
déspicére: seenext. Cf. OF. despecte contempt :—L. 
type *déspecta; also Rouchi dialect despect con- 
tempt, want of respect.] : 

1. A looking down upon; contempt. 

1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 383 The high conceit you 
haue of your Roman Seruice, and the partiall respect, or 
rather despect, you carrie against ours. 1682 ScaRLETT 
sy 126 Its no dispect or discredit to any to suffer 
a Bill to be protested for Nop-acceptance. 21834 CoLrrIDGE 
Lit. Rem, 1. 357 A jeweller may devote his whole time to 
jewels unblamed ; but the mere amateur, who grounds his 
task on no chemical or geological idea, cannot claim the 
same exemption from despect. : 

2. nonce-use. Downward view. 

1663 Baxter Divine Life 362 A larger prospect and verti- 
ginous despect of the lower grounds. 

+ Despect (déspekt), a. Ods. [ad. L. déspect- 
us, pa. pple. of déspicére to look down upon, f. 
De- I. 1 +*specéve to look.] Looked down upon ; 
despised. 

¢ 1450 tr. De Jmitatione 1. vi, Vile & despecte to hymself. 


1447 Boxennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 280 Pe more despect thyng 
were..And pe more contemtyble. 


DESPERATE. 


Despe'‘ctant, 7//.a. Her. [ad. L. déspectant- 
em, pr. pple. of déspectdre to look down upon, 
freq. of despicére: see prec.] (See quot.) 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury 11. 144/1 A Beast Despectant, 
Dejectant, looking downwards. 

+ Despe‘ction. Os. Also -eecyon, -exion. 
[ad. L. despectiin-em, n. of action from déspiccre 
to look down upon, Despise. Cf. OF. desfection 
14th c.]_ A looking down upon ; despising. 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 62 Who euer wolde haue 
wende that the worschyppe and fauour. .sculde be turned to 
seche confusyon and despexion. 1§26 Pilger. Perf. (W. de 
W. 1531) 22b, Suffrynge many wronges and despeccyons. 
1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. u. ix. $1 i(R.) Christian 
humilitie is a clear inspection into, and a full despection of 
ourselves. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Desfexion, a looking 
downwards. : 

+ Despe'ctuous, ¢. Obs. rare. [a. OF. de- 
spectueux, f. L. déspectu-s (a-stem), looking down 
upon, despising : see -ous.] To be despised ; con- 
temptible. 

154r Barnes IVks, (1573) 243/1 Hee may recken that S. 
Peter and S. Paule were starke fooles & ryght mad men 
that liued so despectuous a lyfe. 

llence + Despe‘ctuousness. Ods. 

1447 Bokennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 297 If ony lyf of more 
despecteuousnesse She coude han fondyn..She hyt wold 
han chosyn. 

+ Despeed, v. Obs. [f. De- I. 2+Sprep v. 
Perh. influenced in formation by exfede, or despeche.] 
trans. To send with speed or haste; to dispatch. 

1611 Speen //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. (1632) 548 He forthwith 
despeeded into England..three of the choisest men of the 
State. /d7d. 1x. vill. § 31 (R.) Out of hand they despeeded 
certaine of their crue, to craue..pardon. /éid. § 51 King 
John..despeeding his charters and safe conducts to the 
Archbishop and his fellow exiles, hee as speedily arriued. 

Despence, -pend, -pense: see Disp-. 

Despeple, obs. form of DISPEOPLE v. 

+ De‘speracy. Ods. [f. Desperate: see -acy.] 
Desperateness, desperation. 

1628 GauLe Pract. 7h. (1629) 11 Downe to the nether- 
most depth beyond recouerie: Let vs there take our portion 
of desperacie. 1798 //ist. in Ann. Reg. 155 Such deeds 
of desperacy and revenge. 1800 W. E. J. Od¢ 231 Deeds of 
desperacy and cruelty. 

Desperado (despérétdo’. Also 7 (erron.) 
desparado. [In form, identical with OSp. desperado 
out of hope, desperate (:—L. désfératus), pa. pple. of 
desperar to despair :—L. désperdre. (In mod.Sp. 
desesperado from desesperar.) The word does not 
appear to have been used substantively in Spanish, 
and in English use it is perhaps merely a sonorous 
refashioning, after Sp. words in -abo, of DESPERATE 
sb., used in same sense.] 

+1. A person in despair, or in a desperate con- 
dition ;= DESPERATE sd. 1. Obs. 

1610 G. Fletcuer Christ's Vict,1. \xix, The holy Desperado 
wip’t her swollen eyes. 1686 Goap Celest. Bodies ui. iv. 
507 Grief, Lunacy, and the Melancholly desperado are 
carryed forth on the same Weekly Sheet to be buryed. 1720 
De For Duncan Campbell viii. (1841) 164 Poor and miser- 
able desperado, 

2. A desperate or reckless man; one ready for 
any deed of lawlessness or violence; = DESPE- 
RATE 50, 2. 

1647 Warp Sinip. Cobler 69 Peevish Galthropes and 
rascall desparadoes which the Prince of lyesimployes. 1651 
Animadv. Macdonnels Answ. Eng. Ambass. 56 Our 
English Fugitives and Desperado’s. ¢1790 Wittock Voy, 
95 These desperadoes had taken some rich Portuguese vessels 
from the Brazils, which they had plundered and sunk. 1807 
‘T. Jerrerson Wt. (1830) 1V.97 He found himself left with 
about thirty desperadoes only. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India 
I. mt. iv. 606 He had associated with himself..another 
desperado. .in a conspiracy. .to assassinate the Ameer. 1877 
Brack Green Past. xxxii. (1878) 255 One of the wild des- 
peradoes of Colorado. a/ftrié, 1805 Hotcrorr Bryan Per- 
due I. 39 The desperado bully. 

Hence Despera‘doism 70/1ce-wd. : 

1874 Nation (N.Y.) XIX. 207/2 The sort of sneaking 
desperadoism of the disguised bands of thieves infesting the 
rural neighborhood. 

+ Desperance. Ols. Also dis-, -aunce. [a. 
OF. desperance, f. desperer to DESPAIR: see -ANCE, 
and cf. the by-form DESESPERANCE.] | Despair. 

ai1225 Ancr. R. 8 3e muhten sone uallen, .in desperaunce, 
pet is, in unhope & in unbileaue forte beon iboruwen. ¢ 1490 
Rom. Rose (B.) 1872 So nigh I drow to desperaunce, I rought 
of dethe, ne of lyf. 1481 Caxton Godfrey 268 They had 
longe don alle theyr power And the werke was not moche 
amended, but were falle in a desperaunce. 1560 Rottanp 
Crt. Venus 1. 183 His Name hecht Disperance. /6id. 1.790 
3one waryit wicht Hecht Desperance. 

Desperancy, erroneous f. DESPERACY. 

Desperate (de'spérct), a., sd., and adv. Also 
5 dysperate, 6-7 desperat, 6 despert, 7 dis- 
perate, (evvon.) desparate, 9 dal. des-, dispert. 
[ad. L.désperat-us, given up, despaired of, desperate, 
pa. pple. of déspzrdre to Despair. Cf. parallel use 
of OF. desperé, desesperé, It. disperato, Sp., Pg. 
desesperado, and of DESPAIRED ffJ. a.] 

A. adj. . 

I. +1. Of a person: Having lost or abandoned 
hope; in despair, despairing, hopeless. (Const. of) 
Obs. or arch. 


82*-2 


care sobs. 
2 Of conditions, etc.: That leaves little or no 
room for hope; such as to be despaired of; ex- 
tremely dangerous or serioas. 


Evex Decmées Pref Ard isiti 
DEN rs a ee 


: heate Haass Parcel: 
of the North growing more 
desperate. 683 Brit. Spe. 3t A Mam..in a desperate 
Sexkoess reso Setsr fy Pag. Clorgyeree, Younser 
beothers of obscure families. and others of desperate for- 
tazmexn «oo rpep Wesiey Prise, Piéysac (1762! Sop This has 
cured in a most desperate Case. Baz 
1, Agoay and grief and desperate woe. Jowstr Piste 
ed. 2) V. 36 Their case seemed desperate, there was 20 
ooe to help them 

+3. Of things (and persons): Despaired of, given 
up as hopeless; whose recovery is past hope; 
incurable, irretrievable, irreclaimable. Jesferace 
debt, a+ bad* debt; so desperate defter. Odes. exc. 
as associated with 7.) 

ret Meucastes Pusitn 
delwereth the 
s6tg Hevwooo Svar Prestios Wks : 
beme the meanes to sane your desperate Hines. 
Levéatt_v xi 45 The 


Yoo'll vndertake her no more! 
from Age 231 The affaires 


i ees. 
foead 


133 Aristogle regarded the successful prosecution of etha 
eoquirics as all bet desperate. 

II. 4 Of persons: Driven to desperation, reck- 
less or infuriated from despair. Hence, Having the 
character of one in this condition ; extremely reck- 
less or violent, ready to run any risk or go any 


length. 


De. Lavron in Lett. om Sugpress. Moreasi. 


daingerowse desperate 
Oy Foxs 4. & M. (1684) LIL. 924 Two o¢ three 
Villains knocked at the door. H. Cocax wr. Paete’s 
Trav. iv. g He used me so cruelly, that becoming even 
e.. I was..upon the point to have poysoned myself 
Freethieber No 42 ® 5 Want makes Mea desperate. 
Macavtar ist, Emg. 1. 173 Photters, many of whom 
were ruined and desperate men. 
tb. Reckless, utterly careless (of). Os. rare. 
—— Tank #2. 3, 06 Mame Ss Ss oun Oe 
perate of shame state, In priuate ad we ap 
him Fistenss Leev's Cure v. ii, Be'st 


5. Of actions, ete.: C by the reckless- 
ness or resolution of ; ied exp. to actions 
done or means to in the last ity, 
when all else fails, and the risk of failure Is 


Enuge 136 1 ~ > 


1 never recollect a more desperate night. 


quite sure and compact. 
habituated to or ready for desperate 
deeds; = DESPERADO 2. 

¢ r6ax Caarmax [ed xxv. The deadliest of 
all about him. 2633 |. Done frist. Septmagrat 204 
and Adulterous desperates, shaken off and damned by the 
Word of Gad. Ape. Pret. Frans ig This 


Desperate confes that he heard them say, That & was 
lawful to kill the King. 1728 Arevtaseder No 52 P53 The 
Zeal of these frantick Desperates. A 

tb. In guod sense: One an 
perate or extremely perilous undertaking. 

¢rg@st J. Pocwon Fiasevas Settles 17 Three hundred .. 
young men who for commendation gotten by extreame 
peril are called the Desperates, the Foriorne hopes. 

C. acy. Desperately, hopelessly ; usually (cal/eg. 
and @ia/.) as an intensive : Excessively, extremely, 
“awfully” (cf. A. 7) 

1636 Six H. Buocxt Fey. Lomas? (1637) 109, I noted them 
s> Gesperate malicious towards ome another. 3655-60 
Sraxusy Aust. Pksles. (rot) so 2, | shewed them how des 
perate il Twas 8yo Garr Laenree Tun it (2849) 86 The 
road .. was desperate bad. asa Decxess 
xxvi. 341 It's a desperate sharp night for a ye lady to 
catia. 2860 Baxristr Det. dmrr. sv, * cong ste 
to see you. 


Desperate, var. of DrsPa RATE a. 
Desperately (despértli), av. [f Desperate 
@.+-LY2.] In a desperate manner. (See the adj.) 
+L Inc ir, ingly. 
rss2 Hewoer, 
Eves Decuaies 53 


3 had desperatly. ¢ é 
selees to death -r60g Swans. Lear v. BL Your eldest 
Tacghters hase foredooe themselecs And desperately are 
dead. stag G. Sanaen Tren. cs Tobe 2 hee *t 
beriaine -. desperately brai iz 3634 Caxne 
Necess. Spar. (1849) 133 All these died desperately. 
+2 In a desperate condition, wretchedly. rare. 


the Inquisi | 


ae 


= DESPERATION 2. 
ip Ces Set ee SS 
not for y tes be wives, 


Se cic Laas Domine 1 
‘ou are too are too desperateness 
valour bet. négp Feises Holy War w xvi 1840) 72 Loath 
to ir enemies’ valour 1677 Gu- 
rtx (2867) 448 his or desp and 
pot true 
a (deapist* fn). Alo 4-6 die 

a. - a” 
or ad L. d@spenitide-em, n. of action and condition 
from ezsférére to DESPAIR. 
1. The action of iring or losing all 
(of anything); the ition of having utterly lost 
hope; despair, lessness. Now rere. 
© 1366 Cuavces 4 C.2A accioun Of verrey 


és 4 To 


— 


thende thot hes devare Mes i 


Hart Caren. 134 b, For feare of 


action of 


san 


T. Wusox 


a 
i 
t 
i 
HW 


| 
v. 


7 
4 
i; 


ry 
el! 
a 
HE 


: 
w ¥E 
lint 


aa 

i 
HH 
ie 
( 


! 
: 
lt 


DESPICABLENESS. 


able and vile. 1667 Mitton P. L. x1. 340 All th’ Earth he 
ave thee to possess and rule, No despicable gift. 1 
Dine Voy. IL. 1. viii. 162 Their insolent masters the 
Portuguese; than whom there are not a more a 
le now in all the Eastern Nations, 1710 Lavy M. W. 
lontracu Let. to Bp. Burnet 20 July, There is hardly 
a character in the world more despicable, or more liable to 
universal ridicule, than that of a learned woman. — 
1Vaucuan Fashionable Follies 11. 103 A little despicable 
looking house honoured with the name of an inn. 1848 


Macautay /ist, Eng. 1. 164 The most despicable of | 


fanatics, 1874 Green Short //ist. viii. § 2. 473, The immo- 
rality of James’s Court was hardly more despicable than the 
imbecility of his “evige ea 

+b. Miserable, wretched. Ods. 

Pacitr Christianogr. 217 These poore despicable 
ao * have hardly sustenance to keepe life and soule to- 
gether. 1690 Cup Disc. Trade (1654) 13 The people are 

and despicable, their persons ill clothed. a1704 I. 
town Praise of Wealth Wks. 1730 1. 85 Despicable in cir- 
cumstance. = 

+2. Exhibiting or expressing contempt; con- 
temptuous. Obs. 

(Qualifying opinion, appellation, and the like: cf. Con- 
TEMPTIBLE 2.) 

1662 H. Sruspe /nd, Nectar Pref. 5, 1 have a very des- 
picable opinion of the present age. 1727 Firtpinc Love in 
Sev. Masques Wks. 1775 1. 34 Vo persuade us into so des- 
picable an opinion of your reason. 1727 Swirt Gulliver i. 
viii, The comparison gave me so despicable a conceit of 
myself. 1756 Burxe Sxl. & B. u.v, Though we caress 
dogs, we borrow from them an appellation of the most 
despicable kind. 1775 Apair Amer, /ud. 7 Distinguished 
.-by the despicable appellative, Tied Arse. 

De'spicableness. [f. prec. + -nvss.] The 
quality of being despicable ; contemptibleness, vile- 
ness, worthlessness, 

1653 Manton Exp. Yames ii. 1 Apt to despise excellent 
things, because of the despicableness of the instrument. 
a 1691 Boyie Ws. 11.13 (R.) The maker’s art shines through 
the despicableness of the matter, 1727-1800 Baitey, Des- 
‘icabl os $ 

De'spicably, adv. [f. as prec. + -Ly 2.] 

1, Inadespicable manner; contemptibly, meanly. 

a1691 Bovis Wes. II. vet He. .may, with due diligence 
and industry, not despicably improve his anatomical know- 
ledge. a@ dig Paracel (J.), Nor vainly rich, nor despicably 
poor. 1755 Younc Centaur v. Wks. 1757 1V. 228 ‘lo-day 
crawling out of the earth; and to-morrow more despicably 
still, crawling into corruption, 

+2. With contempt; contemptuously. Ods. 

1637 P. Heyitn Autidot. Lincoln. 1. 40 Since you speake 
so amen of his Majesties chappell. 1665 Perys Diary 
13 Feb., To see how despicably they speak of us. 1748 
Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) 11. 243, 1 should think as de- 
spicably of his sense. : 

+Despication, Ods. rare. [ad. L. déspica- 
tion-em, n. of action from déspicari : see DESPIC- 
sg «3 Despising, contempt. 

1837 Wuitrock, etc, Bk. Trades (1842) 268 Senecca, who 
died for philosophy, and despication of Nero, 

+Despiciency. Obs. [ad. L. déspictentia 
despising, contempt, f. déspiczent-ent, pr. pple. of 
déspicére to look down: see Despise, and -ENcY.] 
Looking down by ose or despising ; contempt. 

1623 Cocxeram, Desfitiencie, despite, hatred. a 1638 
Mepe Disc. Mark xi. 17 Wks. (1672) 1. 45 To show their des- 
piciency of the poor Gentiles. — . Burton /tin, Anton. 
67 A gallant despiciency .. of all h affairs, 1672 H. 
More Brief Reply 103 His answer is marveilous lofty and 
full of despiciency ds his Antagoni: 

Despicion, var. Dispicion, Ods., discussion. 

+ Despie'ce, v. Obs. [a. OF. despiccer, earlier 
despecier, mod.¥. dépecer, dépiécer, f. des-, (L. dis-) 
+ picce Prece.] To cut in pieces. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. Ixiv. 114a/2 
Many marters had ben despieced in to pyeces. 

Despight, etc.: see DEsprre, etc. 

iritualize (déspiritivdlei:z), v. [Der- 
Il. 1.] trans. To deprive of spiritual character ; to 
render material. 

1868 Contemp. Rev. VIII. 609 Virtually de-spiritualizing 
that which it is the very business of literature to clearly re- 
involve in the spiritual. 1874 H.R. Reynotps Fohn Baft. 
v. § 1. 298 A way has been made by the perversity of man 
for despiritualizing Christianity. 

Hence Despi‘ritualized, Despi'ritualizing ///. 
adjs.; also Despi:ritualiza‘tion. 

, 1840 Tait’s Mag. VII. 27 Sensuality of this de-spiritualiz- 
ing description. 1874 H. R. Reynotps Fohn Baft. iii. § 1 
150 A melancholy desp I of Christianity. 

Despisable (d/spaizib'l\,a. [In ME. despis- 
awhle, a. OF. despig-, despisable, f. stem despis- of 
despire to DESPISE.] 

1. To be despised or treated with contempt ; con- 
temptible, despicable. Now rare. 

a1y4o Hamrote Psalter x\viii. 19 pat is a despisabile shrift 
et ese makis. 7d. ciii. 24 Despisabiler fendes. 

ycLiF 1 Cor. i. 28 God chees the vnnoble thingis and dis- 

isable thingis of the world. 1483 Caxton Gold Leg. 357/1 

e was of vyle habyte and d ble of chere, 4 
Wricut Passions v. SF 293 Rather despiseable then com- 
mendable. 1690 Lond. Gaz. No Til Armed, and in 
a very despisable Condition. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia IV. 

Busi is no such d ble thing. 1873 J. M. Bartey 
Life in Danbury 6 Brought up .. to look upon a liar as the 
most despisable of earth’s creatures. 

+2. Contemptuous, = DESPICABLE 2. Obs. 

1644 QuarLes Barnabas § B. 208, 1..am now rejected b 
the Seapieabl 4 


le name of a widow. 


tl 
tbl. 


253 


+ Despisableness. 0/s. [f. prec. + -nxss.] 
a. Despicable condition. b. Contemptuousness. 


1613 Suertey Trav. Persia 99 A direct despisablenesse of 


his Person and Authority. of: Fraver Fount. of Life xxx. 
g1 The outward M and Despiseabl of His Con- 
dition. ; 

Despisal (dispaizal). [f. Desrise v. + -au 5: 
cf, revisal.] The act of despising ; contempt. 

1650 Eart Mono. tr. Senanlt's Man become Guilty 199 
Their very looks. .sufficiently witnesse their despisal. a 1707 
Be. Patrick Comm. Prov. xi. 12 (.) No man is so mean, 
but he is sensible of despisal 1887 2. Farjxon Golden Sleep 
59 D. would look down upon him in scorn and despisal. 


+ Despi-sant, a. Os. [a. OF. despisant de- 
spising, contemptuous, pr. pple. of despire, used 
as adj.] Despising, showing contempt. Hence 
+ Despi‘santly adv., despisingly, insolently. 

1389 Zing. Gilds 80 If any broper or sistere. .dispisantliche 
lie on bie broper or on his sister. 

Despise (dispai:z), v. Also 4-5 dispice, 4 6 
des-, dispyse, 4-7 dispise, 5 dess-, disspice, 
5-6 dyspyse. [f. stem desfis- of OF. despire 
(despis-ant, qu'il despise, etc.), also despiss-, de- 
spisc-, despi¢-:—L. déspicére to look down (upon, 
f. DE- I, 1 + specére to look. (There was also a later 
OF. despicer, despiser, after the L. verb.) The s 
was originally spirant in F, and Eng., whence the 
spelling -2ce.] 

1. trans. To look down upon; to view with con- 
tempt; to think scornfully or slightingly of. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 31 Pou ne louest me no3t .. Ac de- 
spisest me in myn olde liue. 1393 Lancr ?. 71. C. ut. 84 
‘Lo be prynces of prude and pouerte to dispice. c 1400 A fol. 
Loll. 6 Crist seip .. he pat dispicib 30w dispisip Me. 1483 
Cath. Angl. 101 To Disspice : contempnere. 1§90 SiAks. 
Mids. N.. ii. 235 This you should pitie, rather then de- 
7 1601 Wrever Mirr. Mart., Sir J. Oldcastle ¥ iij b, 
‘Thus fooles admire what wisest men despiseth. 1611 Bizir. 
Isa. \iii. 3 He is despised and reiected of men, a man of 
sorrows, and acquainted with griefe. 1701 De For 7rue- 
born Eng. 1.178 Vhese are the Heroes that despise the Dutch. 
1724 — Mem. Cavalier (1840) 43 This was not an enemy to 
be despised. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1826) 153 Vhe foremost 
men of the eighteenth century despised Joan of Arc .. for 
the same reason which made them despise Gothic architec- 
ture. Mod. A salary not to be despised, as things go. 

+b. with z#f. or clause. ‘Yo scorn or disdain 
to do, that. Obs. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 231/2 They dyspyseden to make 
sacrefyse. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 285, You 
denyed and despysed to come. 1552 Aur. Hamiiton Catech. 
(1864) 32 Despisand to do as the servand of God Samuel 
commandit him. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xx. § 2 Men 
have despised to be conversant in ordinary and common 
matters. 1621 Lapy M. Wrotn Urania 164 Thus the 
strange Princesse departed. .dispising any passion but loue 
should dare to thinke of ruling in her. : 

+2. zntr. To look down (on, upon; up, above). 

a1325 Prose Psalter \iii[i]) 7 Myn e3e despised vp myn 
enemys [l/2/g.=super inimicos meos despexit]. 1388 Wycur 
ibid., Myn 13 dispiside on myn enemyes. a1400 Prymer 
y Bs eo 
(1891) 30 A bouen myn enemyes despisede myn eye. 

+3. trans. To exhibit contempt for; to treat 
with contempt in word or action. Ods. 

1377 Lanct. P. P/. B. xv. 54 Azein such salomon speketh 
and dispiseth her wittes, ¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. W., Prol. 
135 (Fairfax MS.) To singe of him, and in hir song dispyse 
The foule cherl. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 127/2 ‘he poure 
man .. began to chyde and dyspyse hym in his vysage by 
cause he had no more almesse. 1557 V. 7. (Genev.) Luke 
xxiii. 11 And Herode..with his men of warre, despised him, 
and mocked hym. [So Wycuir, TinpALE, etc.; Kem. and 
1611, set him at naught.] 

+b. fig. Of things: To set at nought, dis- 
regard. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. viii.(1495)557 Though the 
adamas..dyspyse fyre and yren: yet it is broke wyth newe 
hote blode. ¢1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1.170 In bareine lande 
to sette or foster vynes Dispiseth alle the labour and ex- 
pence. 1666 Stituncri. Serm. Fire Lond. Wks. 1710 1. 6 
{The fire]. . despised all the resistance [which] could be made 
by the strength of the buildings. 

(‘To look upon; contemplate’. An error of mod. 
Dicts. See List of Spurious Words.) 

+Despicse, sb. Ods. [prob. a. OF. desfiz, 
despis, nom. of despit, Despite, but taking the 
form of an Engl. deriv. of DEsPIsE v.] = DESPITE; 
contempt, despising. 

C1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Despyse [MSS. K.H.P. despyte], 
contemptus, despecci txs07 Ce yc. Aiij, Man what 
doost thou with all thyse.. Whiche is to mea great despyse. 
1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1v. 226b, Occasion of 
despise and laughter, 


Despised (déspsizd), fp/. a. [f. Despise 
v. + -ED.] Looked down upon, contemned, 
scorned, 

[c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 750 Hated and despysyd was 
he.] 1592 Suaxs. Rom. 17%. ul. ii. 77 Dispised x indo 
of Diuinest show. 1667 itton P. L. vt. 602 Would render 
them yet more despis' 1705 Srasuore Paraphr. I. 34 
A vulgar and des Crow 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle 
Tom's C. ix. 68 There was the impress of the despised race 
on her face. 

+ Despi'sedness (-édnés). Ods. [f. prec. + 
Ete of Despised condition. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xxxi. (1617) 541 Jesus could not 
haue shewed his .. glory [better] than in i 
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. ut. i. (1851) 151 Therefore he sent .. 
Despisednes to vanquish Pride. 


DESPITE. 


+ Despi‘sement. O/s. [a. OF. despisement 
(12th c. in Godef.), f. despire, despis- : sce -MENT.] 
The action of despising ; contempt, scorn. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 155 Contempt and de- 
spisement of worldly wealth. 

Despiser (d/spsi'za:). [f. Desrise v. + -En}. 
Cf. OF. despiseor, nom. despisiére, -sére.] One who 
despises ; a contemner, scorner. 

aryo Hamrote /’salter Comm. Cant. 500 Y* scorners & 
despisers of pore men. 1382 Wyciir Acts xiii. 41 Se 3e, dis- 

iseris, and wondre 3¢, and be 3e scaterid abrood. [Tinpate, 

3cholde ye despisers and wonder and perisshe ye.] 1485 
Caxton St. Wenefr. 20 A despysar of my wordes. 1535 
Coverpace /’rov. xiii. 15 Harde is the way of the despysers. 
1709 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IL. 252 A Despiser 
of modern Commentators. @ 1745 Swirt (J.', Atheists, 
libertines, and despisers of religion, usually pass under the 
name of free-thinkers. 1892 Bookman Oct. 27/2 A despiser 
of physical force. 

Despi'seress. 
A female despiser. 

1611 Cotcr., Despriseresse, a disesteemeresse, despiseresse, 
or dispraiseresse of. : : 

spiel aia | déspai-zin), v0/. sb. [f. DEsPIsEv. 
+-ING1.] The action of the vb. DESPISE; con- 
tempt, scorn. 

1382 Wycuir Ps. cxxii{i]. 3 Myche wee be fulfild with dispis- 
ing. 1535 Coverpace Ned. iv. 4 Yt thou mayest geue them 
ouer in to despisinge in the londe of their captiuite. 1659 
Gentl. Calling (1696) 33 Flatteries ahd Despisings being the 
two contrary elements, whereof he, whom they call a Fine 
Gentleman, is to be compounded. 1681-6 J. Scott Chr. 
Life (1747: III. 391 The despising of him was a despising of 
God, by whom he was sent. 

Despisingly (déspizinli), adv. [f. despising 
pr. pple. + -Ly4.] With contempt; scornfully, 
contemptuously. 

1 Pexcivatt Sp. Dict., Menospreciando, despisingly. 
1820 Blackw, Mag. V11.251 Still spea spisingly of them, 
1843 Ibid. LAV. 441 That son of Sparks's, as you so despis- 
ingly call him. 

+Despisingness. 0/5. [fas prec. +-NESS.] 
Contemptuousness. 

1625 F. Markuam Bé, //on. 1. vi. § 8 Riches rightly vsed, 
rather with a despisingnesse then a desire. 

Despite (dispait , 54. Forms: 3-5 despit, 
(3-4 -yt, 4 despitt’e, -iit, -yt, -ijt, -i3t, -ithe), 
4-6 despyte, (5- -spy3te , 6-8 despight, 4~ de- 
spite ; also 3-7 dis-, 3-6 dys- with same variants, 
6 Sc. dispyit. [ME. despit, a. OF. despit (:—"de- 
spiett, mod.F. dépit, =OCat. despeit, Sp. despecho, 
It. dispetto:—L. despectu-m u-stem) a looking down 
on, f. ppl. stem of déspiccre to look down on, Dz 
SPISE. Down to 17th c. often spelt ds-, dys-, by 
confusion with words in the prefix des-, Dis-.. The 
16th c. dis-, despight (cf. speght, SPITE) was under 
the influence of s¢ght, right, etc.] 

1. The feeling or mental attitude of looking down 
upon or despising anything ; the display of this feel- 
ing; contempt, scorn, disdain. Ods. or arch. 

a@1300 Cursor M. 2037 (Cott.) If o pi fader pou haue de- 
spite [z. 77. -it, -ithe, -yte]. 1340 Ayend. 19 Pe oper bo3 pet 
comp out of be stocke of prede zuo is onworpnesse (despit). 
1375 Barvour Bruce v. 46 Persey..Wes inthe castell.. Ful- 
fillit of dispit and pride. 1382 Wyciir Kom. ix. 21 Power 
..to make sothli o vessel in to honour, anothir forsothe in 
todispyt. c1440 Facob's Well (E. E.T. S.) 72 pe firste fote 
is dyspy3te; pat is, in doyng no worschype to gode men 
dewly, but in dyspysing hem. 1483 Cath. Angl. 101 A Dis- 
pite, or a disspisynge, desfeccio, contempius. 1565 Sc. 
Metr. Ps. x.5 He puffeth with despight. 1650 Jer. laytor 
Holy Living (1727) 245 Liberality..consists in the despite 
and neglect of money. 1651 Hosses Leviath. ww. xlvi. 377 
Any Attribute, that is given in despight. a@ 1845 Loner. 
King Christian iv, Receive thy friend, who, scorning flight, 
Goes to meet danger with despite. ; : 

+b. Zo hold or have in (+ to) despite: to hold in 
contempt ; to have or show contempt or scorn for. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 2610(Cott.) Yone lasce. .als in despit sco 
haldes me. ¢1386 Cuaucer AMelib. P 452 Perauenture Crist 
hath thee in despit. c1400 Afol. Loll.74 Scho. hap me to 
despit. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 162/2 He had in despyte 
fader and moder. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 122 b, 
The good man sholde haue them in despyte..in comparyson 
of the thynges to come. 

+c. The object of contempt or scorn. Ods. 

ay Cursor M. 18232 (Cott.) Skorning pou art o god 
angel, Despit [v. 7. dis-Jof al rightwis and lel. @1340 Ham- 
POLE Psalter cxviii. 22 Now til proude men and enuyouse i 
am despite and hethynge. 

2. Action that shows contemptuous disregard ; 
contemptuous treatment or behaviour; insulting 
action ; outrage, injury, contumely. 70 do despite 
to: to treat with injury and contumely ; to outrage. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 464 ove ee pat clerkes such 
despyt dude & wo. @1300 Cursor M. 7825 (Cott.) For to do 
him despitte or schame. ¢ 1340 /bid. 6785 (Fairf.) To childer 
do 3e na dispite. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1822 Lucretia, 
Whi hast thou don despit to Chivalrye. c1400 Destr. Troy 
13700 Pe schalke, that .. so dernely hym did dere & dispit. 
1535 CoverpaLe Lam, iii. 47 Feare and snare is come vpon 
vs, yee despite and destruccion.. 1631 WEEvER Anc. Fun. 
Mon. 24 Loath he was that his dead bodie should either 
suffer despight, or receive fauour from his enemies. 
Marvett Keh. Transp. 1. 325 There is not one Person of 


vare—°, [f. prec. + -ESS.] 


p stoige yes phee not done despight to. 1803 W: A 
Sonn, Lit L xviii, To work against themselves such fell 
despite. Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) III. xiii. 319 


The despite by him to the holy relics. 


DESPITE. 


b. Disregard of opposition, defiance. Oés. 

1380-1601 [see 5c]. Sm ‘IT. Hersert 7rav. 2 
Chardges so furiously and so close, that in despight he 
mounts the wall. 1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. 11. vii, That 
all who see..may — in Despite to Rome. 1719 
Younc Revenge i, i. Wks. 1757 Il. 170 What think you 
‘twas. . But doing right in stern despite to nature? 

3. (with f/.) An act that shows contempt, hatred, 
malice, or spite; an outrage, a shameful injury. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 547 The Londreis ther biuore a a 
despit wro3te To the quene. 1382 Wyciir Kom. i. 24 7 
thei ponysche with sang or dispitis [Vulg. contume/liis) 
her bodies. 1450-1530 / 
frende greued wyth ——_ and dyspites. 1480 Caxton 
Cron, E-ng. ccxxv. 230 Many harmes shames and despytes 
they dyden vnto the Quene. 1523 Lo. Berners Frocss. I. 
exlvi. 174 They of Calays hathe done hym suche contraryes 
and dispyghtes. 1654 Wurttock Zootomia 336, I think 
I could not do him a greater Despite, than to bestow a 
woman on him. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) IL. xii. 
76 My declared aversion, and the unfeigned despights I took 
all opportunities to do him. 1820 Worpsw. Sheep-washing, 
The turmoil that unites Clamour of boys with innocent 
despites Of barking dogs. 1870 Loner. tr. Dante's /n/. xiv. 
71 His own despites Are for his breast the fittest ornaments. 

4. Indignation, anger, evil feeling, especially such 
as arises from offended pride, vexation, or annoy- 
ance. In later use, esp. The entertaining of a grudge, 
evil feeling with a desire to harm or vex; ill-will, 
aversion ; settled mglice or hatred; Sprre. 

c1zag EL. E. Allit. P. C. 50 What dowes me be dedayn, 
ober dispit make? 1375 Barwour Bruce u. 455 And for dispyte 
bad drawand hing an the prisoneris. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer rank. 
T. 667 Sith that maydens hadde such despit To ben defouled 
with mannes foul delit. ¢1goo Destr. Troy 10684 [He] put 
hym of horse, With a spar of a speire in dispit felle. 1483 
Cath. Angl. 98 A Despite, aversio. 1523 Lv. Berners Froiss. 
I. xxv. 36 The kyng had great dispyte, that the duke shuld 
so dele with hym. 1548 Hatt Chron. 202 b, After many 
greate woordes and crakes..the Lorde Stafford .. in greate 
dispite departed with his whole compaignie. 1579 Tomson 
Calvin's Serm. Tim. 52/2 For they are at despite & fret, 
bicause they see God so against them. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 
1. i. 50 He thought have slaine her in his fierce despight. 
1598 Haktuyt Joy. I. 64 A man full of all malice and 
despight. 1603-21 KNottes ///st. Turks 1231 Two Monkes, 
whom the Scions in despight cut into many pieces. 1697 
C'tess D' Aunoy’s Trav. (1706) 27 Don Lewis had a secret 
Despight, in comprehending the Marquess so well satisfied. 
1752 Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) Il. 418 Formed by the 
gods merely from despight to Prometheus. 1816 Scott 
Antig. xxiv, He died soon after ..of pure despite and 
vexation, 1846 Trencu J/irac. xix. (1862) 326 Wounded 
pride, disappointed malice, rancorous despite. 

5. Phrase. In despite of. +a. In contempt or 
scorn of ; in contemptuous defiance of. Obs. De- 
parture in despite of the Court: see DEPARTURE 6. 

[1292 Britton 1. v. § 1 En despit et damage de nous et de 
noster poeple.] c1ago Beket 1903 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 161 
Peos preo bischopus .. to pe kinge heo come .. And tolden 
-. hov in despit of him, he dude swuch luber dede. c “gee 
Sir Ferumb. 5807-9 He .. hab now in dispyt of me My 
bysshop y-bete sore: And afterward, in pe dyspyt of 
crysst, Spet on pe fant. 1494 Fasyan Chrow. cxcvili. 205 
In dyrision and despyte of the Danys. 1548 Hatt Chron. 
183 b, And sent all their heddes..to be set upon poles, over 
the gate of the citie of Yorke in despite of them, and their 
lignage. c1g92 Martowe A/assacr. Paris. vii, In despite of 
thy religion, The Duke of Guise stamps on thy lifeless bulk ! 
1628-1641 [see Deraxter?; Departure 5b). @2735 Ar- 
BUTHNOT John Bull Swift’s Wks. 1751 VI. 140 Let it never 
be said, that the famous John Bull has departed in despite 
of court. 

+b. In anger or indignation at ; in punishment 
of. Obs. rare. 

[1292 Britron nu. xv. § 2 En despit de lour defaute, ¢rans/, 
By way of punishment for the default of the parties.) 1528 
Lynpesay Dreme 1100 In dispyit of his Lycherous leuyng, 
‘The Romanis wald be subiect to no kyng. 

+ ¢. In open defiance of, in overt opposition to. 
Cf. 2b. Obs. 

©1380 Sir Ferumb. 2192 Now hab he my dore y-broke; 
ous alle in dispyte. ean hia yaa —_ vu. ab 
A gret ost .. in be north of Ingland past In dyspyt of pat 
Tyrand. 1601 Br. W. Bartow Serm. Paules Crane 40 To 
see Gods word alleadged in despight of Gods ordinance. 

d. Notwithstanding the opposition or adverse 
efforts of (a person). Now rare except with reflexive 
pronouns (7 despite of himself, etc.). 

1570-6 Lamparne Peramb. Kent (1826) 121 They [the 
Danes] landed in despight of the people. 1603 KNouLes 
Hist. Turks (1621) 1159 Collonitz in despight of the 
enemie, in safetie brought backe his souldiors. 1 FuLter 
Holy War vy. xii. (1647) 250 At last this warre ended it self 
in despite of the Pope, 1820 Suettey Zo Mar. Gisborne 

18 We .. in despite of God and of the devil Will make our 
riendly philosophic revel Outlast the leafless time. 1 
Ouiwa Winter City vii. 198 The lottery tries to allure in 
very despite of themselves the much wider multitude. 

e. Notwithstanding, in spite of (opposition, some 
opposing force). ; 

a 1533 Lo. Bexners //xon lii. 175 In dyspyte of his teth 
I wyll se my nece. x Suans. Merry W. v. v. 132 
A receiu'd beleefe, in despight of the teeth of all rime and 
reason, that they were Fairies. 1600 E. Buounr tr. Cones- 
taggio 132 To assaile the entrie of the mouth of Lisbone, in 
despite of all the fortresses that were there. @ 1631 Donne 
Poems ( te) 17 Love which in dispight of darkness brought 


us hither, Should in dispight of light keep us together. 1664 
Butter Hud. 1. i. 23 Some force whole Regions in despight 
F phy to change their site. 1747 Carre //ist. Eng. 


1. Pref. 6 Learning. .cultivated by private persons in despig' 
of all diffcultiens 1824 W. Teviwe 7. Trav. 1. 116 Seized 
my hand in despite of my efforts to the contrary. 1868 Miss 


lyrr. our Ladye 230 Herynge hys | 


254 


Brapvon Dead Sea Fr. 1. i, 2 In despite of its solemn tran- 
quility, this Villebrumeuse is not a dreary dwelling-place. 
f£. archaic const. In his, her, their, others , one’s 

own despite: in the various preceding senses. 

1588 Suaks. 77#. A. 1. 361 What yrs = bury him in 
my despight. 1591 Spenser Dafhn. 442 
live in lifes despight. 74 1600 
Green xxxiii, Thus was faire 
And the i 


ight. 1 
who lived in ven’s despight, ntemning ~o 
trampling on the right. 1791 Cowrer Odyss. 1. 272 

bel a sag in thy despight. 1794 Brake Songs Exfer., 
Clod & Pebble, Love seeketh only self to please. .And builds 
a hell in heaven's despite. 1849 Sir J. Srernen Zecl. Biog. 
Pref. (1850) 5, I am thus an author in my own despite. 1871 
Bracke Four Phases i. _ Bearding two of the thirty 
tyrants, and pursuing quietly his labours of love in their 
despite. 

6. In later use often despite of (senses 5 d, e) ; 
whence by further shortening Desire frep., rarely 
in despite (without of). 

c15go Martowe Faust Wks. (Rtldg.) 123/2 If this Bruno 
..sit_in Peters chair, despite of chance. 1655 7heophania 
181 Having, despight of all opposition. .forced their way 
through. 1820 Keats //yfecrion 1. 226 His Voice leapt out, 
despite of godlike curb. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr /ist. Servia 
420 Despite of her favouring his opponents, the guard of 
honour had been taken from her also. 1868 Morris Earthly 
Par, 11. 92 Flushed and joyful in despite her fear. 

Despite (</spai't), v. Obs. or arch. [a. OF. 
despite-r (13th c. ), mod.F, dépiter, app. f. despit, 
dépit Despite sb. Cf. Cat. despitar, Pr. despeytar, 
-pechar, Sp. despechar, \t. dispettare, which may 
directly represent L. déspectare, freq. of déspicére to 
look down on, DEsPIsE.] 

1. trans. To express or show contempt for, treat 
with contempt, set at nought ; to do despite to. 

1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 596 Ynglis men, That dyspitit, 
atour all thing, Robert the bruce. 1481 Caxron Godfrey 
cliii, 227 They blamed and Iniured our barons, And de- 
spyted them and alle thoost. 1594 Drayton /dea 527 Reason 
.. Despiteth love, and laugheth at her Folly. 1614 T. Apams 
Devils Banquet 181 And despiteth, which is more than 
despiseth the spirit..of grace. a1619 Fornersy A theom, 
1. iv. § 1 (1622) 20 Who... both despise the ‘Temples, and 
despite the gods. 1652 CoTTERELL Cassandra V1. (1676) 555 
Have you let ‘scape an enemy who despites you? 1828 
Lanpor /¥&s, (1868) I. 353/2 The great founder of Rome .. 
slew his brother for despiting the weakness of his walls. 
1869 SrurGEoN 7 yeas, Daz. Ps. iv. 4 One reason why men 


Born to be sav'd, even in their own 
ope Odyss. 1X. > Some rustic wretch, 
‘0 and 

uc 


| are so mad as to despite Christ. 


tb. with inf Obs, 

1596 Dateympce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scotd. ui. xxvii, A certane 
noble man dispytes to hear that edicte. ] 

+ 2. To vex or provoke to anger ; to spite. Ods. 

1530 PAtscr. 520/2, I dispyte a person, I set hym at naught, 
or provoke hym to anger, ye despite. .\t dispyteth me to se 
his facyons. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. fr, Acad. 670 
Whose sonne he had murdered, and abused his wife to 
despite him therewith. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. 
(1625) 49 It is not the shew you beare, but the pride where- 
with you are carried that despiteth me. 1§99 SuHaks. Much 
Ado i. ii. 31 Onely to despight them, I will endeavour an 
thing. 1655 Futter Ch. //ist. m1. vi. § 43 A vexatious deed, 
meerly to despight them. 1658 Whole Duty Man ii. § 13 
We bring. .a train of his enemies to provoke and despite him. 

+3. intr. To show despite, contempt, or ill- 
will. Ods. 

1530 PatsGr.’520/2 You neuer sawe man dispyte agaynst 
an other on that facyon. 1627 Lisander & Cal. 1x. 185 
Lisander despiting at Lidian’s long resistance, gave him 
so violent a thrust, & Frankuwn Poor Richard's Alm. 
Wks. (1887) I. 461 note, ‘These ill-willers of mine, despited at 


the great reputation I gained. 
[Shortened from 


Despite (déspairt » prep. 
despite of, orig. in despite of: see Despite sb. 6.] 
In spite of. 

1593 Suaks. 2 Hen, VJ, 1. i. 179 Or thou, or I Somerset 
will be Protectors, Despite Duke Riahey, or the Cardinall. 
1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. wv. v. Wks. 1856 I. 130 Man 
will breake out, despight philosophie. 1613 Heywoop Si/v. 
Age 1. Wks. 1874 LIL. 159 Il’e.. Ransacke the lace 
se ad grim Pluto reignes. . pight his blacke guard. 1810 
Scorr Lady of L. u. xxxii, 1 love him still, despite my 
wrongs, 1876 Miss Brapvon ¥. Haggard'’s Dau, Il. 25 
The attraction that draws me to her despite myself. 

Despiteful (d/spoi'tful), a. i Despite sd, + 
-FUL.] Full of or abounding in despite. 

+1. Contemptuous; insulting, opprobrious. Ods. 

c Loneticu Grail xxxvii. 185 Ha, dispitful Creature 
i Via azens al good aventure. 1533 More Answ. 
Suaul kh. Wks. ft rs Whoso dishonor god in one place 
with occasion ofa false fayth. .all honoure thathedooeth hym 


anye w! beside, is odious and dispightefull, and reiected 
of god. 1549 Coverpare Lrasm. Par. x Pet. iv. 14 In the 
myddes of your dispightfull handlinge, the glorious spirite 


ineinyou. x26r1 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 


of god is kyndled a; s ’ 
ey slew them, and left their bodies to 


VI zat. oa) 125 I - 
despightfull ignominy. 1676 Br. Gurnrie in Burton's Diary 


, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina 


despiteful manner. 

1. Contemptuously, opprobriously, insolently, 
shamefully. arch. . 

1535 CoverDALE Yob xvi, 10 They haue. .smytten me vpon 
tt che Seeviehaye” At, He rr, Decpiabul, 
eg ice 
t w lespitefully vse you, e 
Rateicn Hist. World u. he The bodies of ‘Saul 1 and i 
sonnes: which hung des; ichttully over the Walls of Beth- 
spacious? persons contuualioany and Geman’ aie 
spirit contume! % 
Yasen Ghoul. Coon. ate 90 coors of founded fat 
to use whom despitefully was thought to be doing 
a service. 

2. Angrily, maliciously, cruelly; with malicious 
cruelty or ill-will ; spitefully. ; 

1470 Henry Wallace i. 193 My faithfull —s itfull 
thai slew. —— s Bruce x1. 608 (Camb. MS.) Fu! 
dyspitfully (Edinb. MS. i perm Thair fais i 
thaim rycht Py oe _ ANLEY Wond. Lit. World v. 
ii, § 68. an /2 His beauti ul Empress, wl 

- 


sv. 


1 : Ie hom a. Bur- 
er Nose and Ears ° aia 
Despi'tefulness. [f.asprec.+-nEss.] The 

quality of being despiteful; contemptuousness, 
malicious feeling or action, cruelty. 


1535 Coverpate Ps. cxxii[i). 4 Oure soule is fylled .. with 
the despitefulnesse of the proud. — £stheri. 18 Thus shall 


there aryse despytefulnes and wrath gh. x61z Biste 
Wisd. it. 19 Let vs ine him with despiteful and 
torrture. 1633G. Herpert Temple, Sacrifice xxii, The Jews 


accuse me with despitefulnesse. 

Despi'tely, adv. In 7 despightly. [f. *despite 
adj. (=OF. despit angry, despiteful) + -Ly *.] 
Despitefully. 

1619 Denison Heavenly Bang. i. 6 When the Lord of 
glory..was despightly apprehended. 

Despiteous (déspi'téas),@. Forms: 5 dispi- 
tious, -pyteous, 5-6 despituous, 5-7 dispiteous, 
6 dispit-, -pytuous, -pighteous, despyteous, 
6- despiteous. [Late ME. variant of DEsrirovus, 
from its spelling specially associated with piteous 
(+ pituous), and so giving rise to a differentiated 
form, DisprtEovs.] 

1. orig. =Desrirovs : full of despite, contempt, 
or ill-will; contemptuous, opprobrious. arch. 

«» Chaucer's Knt.’s T. (Hart. MS. A proud 
dininlocs noone [6 evident peat 33 ae: Gold. 
Leg. 14/1 a despituous. 1498 Trevisa's Barth. De 
P.R. v1. xi.(W.de W.) 196 Prowde stoute and dyspiteous, 
1529 More Sufplic. Soulys Wks. 289/1 and de- 
spiteful persone. 1529 — Dya/oge 1v. ibid. 258/1 ome ad 


to pyghteouse a sight to se the dispytuous di tes 

there..to god and al good men. 1532 — Con/ut. Tindale 
ibid. 354/2 Tindalles develishe prowde disp hearte. 
1548 Vous etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xx. 11 With much 
despiteous language. 16ar Br. Mountacu Diatrite 412 
Arayling and h of Scaliger. 1888 Morris 


lespighteous 
Dream of Fohn Balti. 30 The proud, despiteous rich man. 
b. (erroneous.) 
1623 Cockeram, Desfituous, contemptible, vile. 
2. Spiteful, malevolent, cruel; 
into the sense: Pitiless, merciless, DispirEovs. 
¢ 1510 Mort Picus Wks. 25 To thy moste vtter dispiteous 
enemies. 1513 — in Grafton Chron, II. 738 He was close 
and secret... oe iteous & cruell. 1520 Carton’s Chron. 
Eng. v. 47 b/2 shall..put them to d dethe 
[1480 dyspitous deth]. 1549 Cuatoner tr. Lrasm, Moriv 
Enc. Pijb, Warre is so cruell and despiteous a thyng- 
@ 1557 Mus, M. Basser More's Treat. Passion 
a Jp Fea easier ende of Judas. 
x ‘aTson /olyd. Carthaginenses 
Soins of the Crucltie chewed to their citizens. “bewailed 
the despituous death and cruel torments 
1595 Suaks. Fohkn 1. i. 34 Turning dispitious torture out of 
doore? 1596 Srenser F. Q. 1. ii. 15 Spurring so hote with 
rage dispiteous. 1600 HotLanp Livy xxvut. xx. 683b, For 
despi and deepe hatved. [igth c. see 


ly 


very 
Disrrreous.) 


‘teously, 


1g00-20 Dunar ‘ Amang ther ris’ 29 Thai .. Dispitu- 
cndlia efan Wik tian aoe t. 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. 1. 
Wks, 1164/2 That so eously to 


Sreen Hist, Gt. 


(1828) III. 90 mote, Having prefaced awhile with despightful a si 
exclamations, “a pape ! a pape | Antichrist! pull hid down !" i "iiscuuny cee Wan Ghee Fore Devill, out of 
threw the stools i sat on at the ¢ i ikalite andl on vie, had ail mankind, 
2. Cruel, fierce; cherishing ill-will; malignant, | 1968 Scorr Marve. v. xxi, Lord said dexpi . 
malicious ; spiteful. 1885 Sat. Rev. 18 July oy We should be sorry to be 
©1470 Henry Wallace 1. 207 The constable a felloun man | to write despiteously of Sir Philip Perring. 
* wer... — he we: di itfull ond oem Page = + Despi'ter. Obs. a4 DESPITE v.+-ER!: cf. 
UNBAR foes XX. n no way tu 0 
Ei, enna fe Moe ae Sel | Cciceteonly dae 
foo! i itefu a sower ition. x 5 
Levins Manip. 187, Dispitetul, jeedfloaus, 1600 Snaee, x60r Deacon & Warxer Sfirits & Divels 8 Pneumato- 
A. Y.L.v. ii. 86 It is my studie To seeme despightfull and hus is as much to say, as a despiter of spirits. 1640 


DESPITING. 


A. Harsnet Goa’s Summ. 198 Despisers and Despighters of 
the Spirit of Grace. F 

Despitesoun, -usioun, var. of DispuTisoun, 
Oés., disputation. 

Despitiency, var. of DESPICIENCY. 

Despi'ting, 24/. sd. [f. Despitz v. + -1nG1.] 
The action of the vb. DesrirE; a doing despite 
to; entertaining a grudge. 

@ 1529 SKELTON Berea. ee Garnesche ut. 114 Your dyrty 
endytyng, And your spyg tfull despyghtyng. 1529 More 
Dyaloge 1. Wks. 198/t It is not of worshipping, but dispityng 
and disworshipping of saintes. 1677 Gitrin Demonol, (1867) 
199 The despiting and discrediting of truth. 

+ Despitous, z. Oss. Forms: 4-7 despitous ; 
4-5 des-, dis-, dys-pitous, -pytous, -pitus, 
-petous, -pytws, -pytuws. [ME. a. AF. desfi- 
tous =OF. despitos, despiteus (mod.F, dépiteux), f. 
despit DESPITE sb.: see -ous. After 1400 asso- 
ciated with Azteous, + Pituous, and spelt -zous, 
-ious, -eous: see DesprrEous. Originally stressed 
on last or first syllable ; subsequently on second.] 

1..orig. Full of despite ; exhibiting contempt or 
haughtiness ; hence, insulting, vexing. 

a 1340 Hampote Psalter Comm. Cant. 517 Pai pat ere 
proude and despitus. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1.196 Sa hawtane 
and dispitous. ¢1386 CHaucer Pro/. 516 (Harl.) He was to 
senful man nought dispitous [6 ¢exts He was nat to synful 
men despitous] Ne oF his speche daungerous ne digne. 
— Pars. T. ?321 Despitous is he pat hap desdayn of his 
neighebour. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 241 Meny 
dispitous worde [»zulte contumeliz). 1494 Fasyan Chron. 
vit, 410 The prouocacyon & dispytous wordes of y* Frenshmen. 

2. Cruel; exhibiting ill-will, or bitter enmity, 
malevolent. 

¢1340 Cursor M. 23235 Mony harde & dispitous dynt shul 
pe wrecches bere hynt. ¢1374 Cuaucer 7voylus 111. 1409 
(1458) Dispitous day pyn be be pyne of helle! ¢ 1400 Rove. 
Rose 2212 Keye was. .Of word dispitous and cruelle. ¢ 1400 
Destr. Troy 6494 Two speirus full dispitus he sparet to cast. 
14.. HoccLeve Compi. Virgin 131 His despitous deeth with 
me compleyne. 1567 TurBerv. Ovid's Ep. 68 Then..with 
dispitous nayles I rent my face. 157x Campion //ist. [red. 
1; 1x, (1633) 120 Except that one despitous murther at ‘Tar- 
taine. 1578 T. Proctor in Heliconia I. 99, I sterve through 
thy dispitous fault. 

b. t¢ransf. Violent. 

c¢14so Loneticn Grail xii. 356 Vndir wheche 3ate ran 
there Ryht a wondir dyspetous ryvere. 

+ Despitously, adv. Os. [f. prec. + -Ly*.] 
In a ‘despitous’ manner, with despite. 

1, Contemptuously, scornfully, despitefully ; hence, 
shamefully, ignominiously. 

c13a0 R. Brunne Medit. 615 Some dispoyle hym oute 
dyspetusly. ¢ 1340 Cursor M, 16951 (Trin.) He..Dispitusly 
[earlier texts vili, vilelik] for vs was lad buffeted & beten 
sare. ©1380 Sir Ferumb. 173 Myn enymys Despyseb me 
her dispytously. c1q00 Destr. Troy 3889 Ector..spake 
neuer dispituosly, ne spiset no man. 1523 Q. Marc. in 
M. A. E. W Lett. R. & Illust. Ladies \, 285 They 
speak right plainly & dyspytwsly. 

2. Angrily, sharply; cruelly, maliciously; vio- 
lently. 

1340 Cursor M. 5082 (Trin.) Pe coupe in to 3oure secke 
put | And pursewed 30u dispitously [G颢. And presuned 
30u ful spitusly]. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 1137 [He] him told 
how despitously pe duk of bat dede him warned. 1375 
Barsour Bruce 1. 137 He that him in 3hemsell had, Than 
warnyt hym dispitously. ¢1374 Cuaucer 7roylus v. 1806 
(1818) Dispitously hym slough the fiers Achille. ¢1386 — 
Reeve's T. 354 By the throte-bolle he caught Aleyn, And he 
hent him dispitously ageyn. 1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. 
xu. viii.(Tollem. MS.), Pe ryuer aros with so gret strengbe 
and violence, pat he all to-brake dispitously be brigge. 1480 
Caxton Chron. Eng. 2 He spak unto hem of theyr wyk- 
kednesse and despitously hem reproued. a@ 1g00 Orol. Sap. 
in Anglia X. 338 Takynge me despiteslye & byndynge 
cruelye. 

Despituous, obs. form of DESPITEOUS. 

Desplay, obs. form of DispLay. 

Desplesance, var. of DIsPLEASANCE, Ods. 

beter ta (dispoi'l), sd. [ME. a. OF. despotlle, 
-pueille( =Pr.despuelha), verbal sb. from despotllier: 
see next.] ; 

1. The action of despoiling ; plundering, robbery, 
arch, 

Caxton Gold. Leg. 24 b/2 Stronge in his despoylle.. 
feet in the batayll. a@xs530 Woisey to Hen. VIIT 
(in A thenzvum 12 Sept. 1840’, My houses be, — by the over- 
sight, dispoil, and euill behaviour of such as I did trust,— 
in ruyn and decaye. 1590 Greene Newer too late (1600) 57 
Thou hast had my despoyle. 1807 Worpsw. White Doe 
vil. 18 ’Tis done ;—despoil and desolation O’er Rylstone’s 
fair domain have blown. 

+2. concr. Plunder, booty, Spor. Obs. 

1474 Caxton Chesse 11. iv. Cvij, So shold the dispoyle and 
botye be comune vnto them. 1481 — God/rey 296 Euery 
man laden and charged with despoylles. 1552 Hutoert, 
Despoyle, spolium, trophenm. 1619 Time's Storehouse 55 
(L.) Hercules. .covered with the despoyle of a lyon. 

3. (See quot.) 

By Hutoer, Despoyle, or place where mischiefe or 
robberye is done, dijelathban. 

Despoil (déspoi'l), v. Forms: 3-4 despuile(n, 
3-7 despoile, -oyle, 6-7 despoyl, 6- despoil ; 
also 4 des-, dispoyly, dispuile, -uyle, 4-5 dys- 
poyle, 4-7 dispoile, -oyle, 5 des-, dis-, dys- 
poille, -oylle, dispole, disspoylle, 6-7 dispoil ; 
Sc. 4-5 dispulze, -puilje. [ME. despuilen, 


255 


-spoile-n, a. OF. despuillier, -oillier, -oiller (mod. 
F. dépouiller) = Pr. despolhar, Cat. despullar, Sp. 
despojar, It. dispogliare:—L. déspolidre to plunder, 
rob, despoil, f. Dr- I. 3 + spolidre to strip of 
clothing, rob, spoil. Formerly spelt dzs- by con- 
fusion with words in des- from D1s- prefix.] 

1. trans. To strip of possessions by violence; to 
plunder, rob, SpoIL: @. a person. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 212 Pe opere after vaste, And slowe 
& despoylede, and to grounde hem caste. 1340 A.yend. 45 
Pe uerste [zenne] is couaytise uor to wynne and uor to 
dispoyly his uela3e. 1393 Lanci. 2. PZ. C, xiv. 58 Robbours 
and reuers pat riche men dispoilen. 1484 Caxton Fadles of 
“E sop i. iv, The euylle hongry peple which..robben and 
despoillen the poure folke. 1529 More Dyadoge 1. Wks. 
153/2'The Ebrues well dispoile the Egypcyens. 1795 SouTnEy 
Joan of Arc i. 176 We are not yet So utterly despoil’d but 
we can spread The friendly board. zt FREEMAN Novi, 
Cong. (1876) LV. xvii. 36 To despoil those whom the Conqueror 
himself had spared. 

b. a place; also ¢ransf. and fig. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xut. 502 Qwhen the feld .. Wes dis- 
pulzeit, and left all bair. 1393 Gower Conf III. 371 Des- 
puiled is the somer fare. c1g0o Maunpev. (1839) x. 114 
Oure Lord descended to Helle & despoyled it. 1601 WEEVER 
Mirr. Mart. ¥ ij, Enuie..Despoil’s his name and robs him 
of his merits. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xvi, The coach 
.. despoiled by highway-men. 1845 STEPHEN Laws Eng. 
(1874) II. 219 Though guilty in general of waste, if he despoils 
the freehold, 1873 Dixon 7wo Queens IV. xxl. viii. 215 
Wolsey had set the fashion of despoiling and suppressing 
convents, 

2. To strip or deprive (a person, etc.) violently of 
(some possession); to rob: a. of arms, clothes, or 
something material ; also ¢razsf. 

c1300 K. Adis. 4028 That he a knyght of Grece slowgh, 
And dispoyled him of his armes. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. 
Ps91 He was despoyled of al that he hadde in this lyf, and 
that nas but his clothis. c1470 Henry Wallace x1. 1396 
Bot than he was dispuilzeit off his weid. 1600 FarrrAx 
Tasso xt. 1. 244 An others hands Of these her plants the 
wood dispoilen shall. 1603 KNoties /Vist. Turks (1638) 
309 Theeues. .dispoiling him of his apparell. 1614 RaLeicu 
Hist. World . 450 Athalia being thus dispoyled of 
her Son. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Jron Age 172 The 
Swedes, being. .despoiled of the Isle of Usedon. 1695 Woop- 
warD Nat. Hist. Earth v. (1723) 257. Vhese formed Stones 
being by this Means despoil'd of their Shells. 1775 Jonn- 
son Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 12 May, You talked of despoiling 
his book of the fine print. 1776 Gipson Decd. 6 F. 1. xvii. 
440 The cities of Greece and Asia were despoiled of their 
most valuable ornaments. 1870 Bryant //rad I. 1v. 132 He 
could not despoil The slain man of his armor, 

b. of things immaterial; also fg. 

cx Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxii. 145 We bene in peess, of pe 
whilk pou will now dispoile vs, 1581 J. Bett /addon’s 
Answ, Osor. 212 b, We do not despoyle will of her libertye. 
1593 SHaks. 2 Hen, VJ, 11. iii. to Despoyled of your 
Honor. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 1x. 411 Despoild of Innocence, 
of Faith, of Bliss. 1878 B. Taytor Dezkalion 1. iii. 30 
They. .despoiled thy head Of separate honor. 

+3. spec. To strip of clothes, to disrobe: a. orig. 
as an act of violence, spoliation, or robbery. Ods. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 260 Vor steorc naked he was despuiled 
ode rode. ¢1380 Sir Ferunth. 3031 Vo Gy tok he pat cors: 
‘Dispoille pis body’, pan gan he saye; ‘& arme be on ys 
wede’. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 88 Take these frensshe men 
and despoyle them. 

+b. without the notion of spoliation: To un- 
dress ; to strip of armour, vestments, etc. Ods. 

se a3 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 860 Per he watz dispoyled, wyth 
spechez of myerpe, Pe burn of his bruny, & of his bry3t 
wedez. ¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T, 318 He bad That 
wommen schugl despoilen hir right there. c1qg0 J/erdin 

63 Thei made dispoile the quene to go to hir bedde. 1525 

p. Berners /ozss. II. ccxlv. [ccxli.] 753 Before the aulter 
ther he was dispoyled out of all his vestures of estate. 1540 
Surrey Poems, Prisoner in Windsor 13 Despoiled for the 

ame. 156r Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc w. ii. (1847) 142 

e..Dispoyled streight his brest, and all we might, Wyped 
in vaine, with napkyns next at hande. 1700 DrypEN 
Palamon & Arc. 1. 725 The surgeons soon despoiled them 


. of their arms, And some with salves they cure, and some 


with charms. 
+ ¢. ref. To disrobe or undress onese//, put off 
one’s clothes. Ods. 

1388 Wycuir 1 Sam. xviii. 4 Jonathas dispuylide him silf 
fro the coote. 1 ph | Matory Arthur vu. xil, Pryuely she 
dispoylled her & leid her doune by hym. c¢ 1477 CAxToNn 
¥ason 106 Dispoylle you and entre in to this bathe. 1483 
— Gold, Leg. 85b/1 He dyspoylled and unclad hym and gaf 
hys clothys unto the bochyers. 

+d. To take off (clothes). Ods. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 62b/1 Moyses toke Aaron upon 
the hylle & despoylled of his vesture. — Zsofe 2b, The 
lord commaunded to despoylle and take of his clothes. 

+e. with double obj.: To strip (a person) of 
(clothes). Ods. 

1632 Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's Vnha, py Prosp. t 
When the play is ended .. they are dispoyled the gawdy 
garments of the personage represented. 

+4. To strip of worth, value, or use; to render 
useless, mar, destroy; to SpotL. Ods. 

? a1400 Morte Arth, 4127 Paynymes .. With speres diss- 
petousely disspoylles our Tegéttes. cx Plumpton 
Corr. 235 A action of trespas against .. Robart Oliver for 
dispoyling my gras. 1685 [see DrepoiLep]. 

+5. To make a spoil of (goods, ete.); to carry 
off by violence, rob,- plunder. Qds. 

7483 Caxton Cato Biij, To dyspoyle and rauisshe hys 
neyghbours goodes, 1604 R. Cawprey Tadle Alph., Dis- 
poyle, take away by violence. 


DESPONDENCY. 


+b. To remove forcibly, take away. Oés. 

@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) K ij, It is 
necessary to dispoyle the opilacions and leattes of the 
stomake, 

Hence Despoi‘led, Despoi'ling /f/. aéjs. 

1570-6 Lamparpe Peramd, Kent (1826) 146 A poore, 
private, and despoiled person. 1685 TRAVESTIN Svege New- 
heusel 43 The besieged. .again put in order the late dispoiled 
Battery. 1849 Macaucay //ist. Eng. Il. 130 Despoiled 
proprietors, 1859 C. Barker Associative Princ. i. 17 The 
despoiling hands of the first reformers. 

Despoiler (déspoi'lo1).  [f. Despoi v. + -ER1, 
Cf. OF. despotlleur.] One who despoils ; a plun- 
derer, spoiler. z 

1467 “£. E. Gilds 389 Pillours, Robbers, dispoylers. 
1592 WyrLey Armmorie 151 Dispoiler of my worldly pleas- 
aunce. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ii. § 57, 1.. forbid 
that the Body of my dispoiler, be covered in my Earth. 
1812 Byron Ch, Har. 1. Ixxvi, They may lay your proud 
despoilers low. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 186 The 
despoilers and the despoiled had for the most part been 
rebels alike. 1855 SINc on I ergid II. 418 A less merciful 
despoiler of floral beau 

Despoiling (d/spoi'liy), v67. sd, 
-ING!.] 

1. The action of the verb Despoir ; robbing. 

1552 Hucoer, Despoylinge, despoliatio, spoliatio. 1793 
Burke Corr. (1844) [V. 143 The despoiling a minister of 
religion. 

+ 2. Spoil, plunder; esp., the arms or clothes of 
an enemy, the skin of a beast. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. wv. met. vii. 147 He rafte pe de- 
spoylynge fro pe cruel lyoun, pat is to seyne he slou3 Fe 
lyoun and rafte hym hys skyn. 

Despoilment (d/spoi'lmént). [f. Desporr z. 
+-MENT. Cf. OF. despotllement, mod.\*. dépoutlle- 
ment.| The action of despoiling or fact of being 
despoiled ; spoliation. 

1822 Moir Stavzas on Infant i, As yet by Earth's de- 
spoilment undefaced. 1859 Lp. Brovcuton /tady II. xii. 4 
The first despoilment is..to be attributed to the picty or 
rapacity of Stilicho. 1873 L. Wattace /air God vil. xiv. 
541 ‘Lhe city, beautiful in its despoi!ment. 

+ Despo'liate, v. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé- 
spoliare to DespotL.] = Dersporr. z, 

1620 VENNER /"fa Recta ii. 40 It doth... enfeeble and dis- 
poliate [the liver] of it’s sanguifying facultie. 1656 BLounr 
Glossogr , Despoliate, to spoil, rob, or pil. 

Despoliation (d4pdlizicfon’. [ad. L. despo- 
liation-em, n. of action from déspoldire to DESI OIL.) 
‘The action of despoiling ; despoilment. 

1657 Putts, Despoliation, a robbing or spoiling. 1830 
J. G. Strutr Sylva Brit. 136 Vhe Wallace Oak seems 
destined. .to share their fate of despoliation. 1894 J. Barven 
Hist, Coll. S. Somerset 110 The despoliation of alien priories 
in the time of Henry V. 

Despond (dispgnd), v.! [ad. L. désponde-re 
to give up, yield, resign, déspondére animum, later 
simply despondére to lose heart, despond; f. DE- 
I. 2b + spondére to promise. The form follows 
respond which came through French.] 

tntr. To lose heart or resolution; to become de- 
pressed or dejected in mind by loss of confidence 
or hope. (Distinguished from despazr as not ex- 
pressing entire hopelessness.) Sometimes with of 
(cf. to despair of). 

1655 CroMWELL Sfeech to Parlt. 22 Jan., I did not at all 
despond but the stop put upon you.. would have made 
way fora blessing from God. 1656 Brount Glossogr., Des- 
fond .. also to fail in courage or despair. Lord Protectors 
Speech. 1696 Tate & Brapy /’s. cxxvi. 6 Though he de- 
spond that sows the grain. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 
819 The Learned Leaches. .shake their Heads, desponding 
of their Art. 1765 H. WALPOLE O¢vanto v.(1798)79, | thought 
it right not to let my young lady despond. 1855 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. V1. 686 The friends of the government de- 
sponded, and the chiefs of the opposition were sanguine. 
1860 Lit. Churchinan VI. 222/1 Are we, then, to despond 
of the victory? 

+ Despornd, v.2 Ods.—°  [f. L. déspondére (sce 
prec.) in sense ‘to promise in marriage, betroth, 
engage’.] (See quot. Perh. never used in Eng.). 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Despond, to betroth or promise in 
marriage. /id., Despondency, a promise in marriage. 

Despond (déspp'nd), sb. arch. Also 7 dis-. [f. 
DesponDv.!] The act of desponding ; despondency. 

1678 Bunyan Pilger. 1. 12 This Miry slough .. called the 
Slough of Dispond [cad/éd p. 10 Slough of Dispondency]. 
1684 /did. 11. 2x But when Christiana came up to the Slow 
of Despond, she began to be ata stand. 67a. 11. 200 Our 
Disponds, and slavish Fears. : 

Despondence (disppndéns). [f. L. despon- 
dére, pr. pple. daspondént-em: see -ENCE.] The 
action of desponding; also (less correctly) =DeE- 
SPONDENCY. 

1676 Hate Contemfpl. 1. Of Afftictions (R.), Bear up 
thyself. .from fainting and despondence. 1708 Brit, Apollo 
No. 76. 1/1 Affront him not .. by a Despondence of his 
Mercy. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 269 My fits of 
despondence, 1832 Lytron Eugene A. u. i, Feelings which 
forbid despondence. 1845 Lp. Camppett Chancellors (1857) 
IV. Ixxvi. 34 Instead of indulging in despondence .. he em- 
ployed his time with well-directed industry. 

Despondency ! (d¢spp ndénsi). Also 7 dis-. 
[f. as prec. + -ENCY.] ‘Ihe state or condition of 
being despondent ; depression or dejection of spirits 
through loss of resolution or hope. 

1653 H. More Conject. Cabbai. (1662) 16x Anger, Zeal, 


[f. as prec. + 


DESPONDENT. 
Indi ion .. Des; i iation. 
ym gripe Nong res) 761 Renineh oy —— 


and sottish despondencies of mind. mtg Bepran Pilgr. U. 
161 They fell to demolishing Doubting-Castle .. and in it .. 
they found one Mr. Dispondencie. .and one Much-afraid his 
Daughter. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. ii. 16 The peevishness and 
despondency which. .contrary winds, and a lingring voyage 
--create, 1838 Tuirtwatt Greece Ww. xxxiv. 326 The 

spondency with which the Greeks viewed the situation. 
1866 Geo, Exior F. Holt 1. iv. 94 In a tone of despondency. 

Despo:ndency 2, Ots.—° See Desponp v.% 

De + (désppndént), a.and sé. [ad. L. 
déspondént-em, pr. pple. of déspondére to DESPOND : 
see -ENT. ° 

1. Characterized by loss of heart or resolution ; 
labouring under mental depression ; desponding. 

a 1699 W. Bates Fear of God xv. (R.\, For a despondent 
sinner to think. .that God will triumph in the mere torments 
of his creatures .. is a sin equal to atheism. 1 
TuHomson Autumn 980 Congregated thrushes. .now shiver- 
ing sit On the aad tree, a dull despondent flock. 1800 
Mrs. Hervey Alourtray Fam. 1. 272 She sat despondent, 
lamenting her own extravagance. 1 Grote Greece u. 
xlii. V. 215 Many.. chiefs were not merely apathetic but 
despondent in the cause. 

2. Of or belonging to despondency. 

1844 Dickens Chimes ii, He then made a despondent 
gesture with both hands. 
1. v, He sat in a despondent attitude. 

B. sb, One who desponds. 

1812 Soutuey in Q. Rev. VIII. 347 A war which. .the de- 
spondents have pronounced hopeless. ax845 Mrs. Bray 
Warleigh xxxi. (1884) 242, I am no despondent. 

Despondently, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly?.] In 
a despondent manner or state. 

@ 1677 Barrow Serm, I, ix. 112 (R. Supp.) St. Chrysostom 
«. thus despondently concludes. 1795 Lp. AucKLAND Cor. 
III. 281, I was thought .. to have talked too despondently. 
1881 Miss Brappon 4sfh. II. 117 Edgar consented to be 
led despondently back to the house. 

Desponder (désppnda1). rare. [f. Desronpy.! 
+-ER!.] One who desponds. 

1689 Evetyn Mem. (1857) II. 288 More could scarce be 
said to encourage desponders. 1737 Swirt /’rof. Badges 
Bege. Wks. 1761 ILI. 344, [ama desponder in my nature. 

sponding, v/. sd. [f. as prec. + -ING!.] 
The action of the verb Desponn, q.v. 

1818 Blackw. Mag. 1V.1 The..gloomy despondings, which 
deform and darken the native majesty of Byron, 

Despo'nding, ///.a. [f.as prec. + -ING?.] That 
desponds; losing or having lost heart or resolution. 

1688 Deyvven Srit. Rediv. 258 Desponding Peter sinking 
in the waves. ax690 E. Hopkins /.xfos. Lord's Prayer 
(R.), With no tormenting, carking, and desponding thoughts. 
1746-7 Hervey Med?t, (1818) 195 Why should desponding 
fears oppress your souls? 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth viii, The 
Glover seemed particularly desponding. 1843 J. Martineau 
Chr. Life (1867) 63 The desponding are generally the indo- 
lent and useless. 1868 Mitman St. Paul's 348 The weak 
and desponding defence of a lost cause. 

b. Causing despondency, dispiriting. rare. 

1800 /yzisible Man I. 113 Accounts the more desponding 
to me, as he informs me he shall be here to-morrow. 

Comb, 1803 Beppors //ygeia x. 5 His desponding-mad 
Ophelia, his raving-mad Lear, his jealous-mad Othello, 

Despo-ndingly, a/v. [f. prec. +-Ly%.] In 
a desponding manner ; with dejection of spirits. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Despondingly, desperately, out of 
hope. 1706 Lond, Gaz. No. 4226/1 We begin to talk very 
despondingly of its Success, 1840 Marryatr Olla Podr., 
SW. and by W. }W., ‘1 sha'n't get any’, replied Jack, 
despondingly. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. 1V.7/: A friend, 
who despondingly expressed his fears that the huge ship 
would never reach the water. 

[Desponsage, in recent Dicts., error for de- 
Spousage: see List of Spurious Words.) 

+ Despo:nsate, a. Ols. Also dys-. [ad. L. 
désponsat-us, pa. pple. of desponsdre to betroth, 
freq. of déspondére: see DESPOND v.7] 

1. Contracted or given in marriage, betrothed, 
espoused. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 285 b/2 He shold be the man that 
shold be desponsate and maryed to the Vyrgyne Mary. 

2. fig. (Alch.) Chemically combined. 

1471 Riptey Comp, Alch. 1. in Ashm. (1652) 133 Yet must 
theyr El . -wyth El ts of et Bod abe dyspon- 
sate. /bid. v1.167 Make them then together tobe Dysponsat, 

+ Despo'nsated, f//. a. =prec. 

1623 CockeraM, Desfonsated, betrothed. 

+Desponsa‘tion. 00s. Also dis-, dys-. 
[ad. L. désponsation-em (also in OF. desponsa- 
tion) betrothal, n, of action from désponsdre: see 


a salty 
1, The action of contracting in marriage; be- 
trothal. ee hae 

a Cou, Myst. ix. (Shaks. Soc. ‘ow xal we procede 
to haan sedbo anctin 1649 ben oie Gt. pete ng i. $5 
For all this desponsation of her..she had not set one step 
toward the consummation of her marriage. 1656 Biounr 
Glossogr., Desponsation, an affiance or betrothing. 

2. fig. (Alch.) Chemical combination. 

1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 187 The lesse 
of the Spryts there be in thys dysponsation The rather 
thy Calcynatyon. .shall thou make. 

+ Despo‘nsion. Obs. rare. [ad. L. déspon- 
stdn-em, n. of action from déspondére to DESPOND, 
despair.] Desponding, despondency. 

1640 Burces Serm, Gute To cure them. .of this desper- 
ate desponsion of mind, 


256 


+Despornsories, sb. pl. Obs. Also7 despon- 
sorios, desposories. [ad. Sp. desfosorios espous- 
al, betrothal, f. desposar to affiance:—L. désponsare 
(after which the word is modified in English). 
Chiefly used in relation to the proposed Spanish 
marriage of Charles I.] 

1. Betrothal, or a ceremony in celebration of it. 
¢1645 Hower Left. I. m1. xxii, The eighth of.. - 
ber is appointed to be the day of Desponsories, the of 
affiance, or the betrothing day. 1659 Rusuw. Hist, Coll. 
I. tos The delay of the Desponsorio’s will grieve the 

rincess, 

2. A document formally declaring a betrothal. 

1626 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 253 The Prince .. 
left the powers of the Desponsories with the Earl of Bristol, 
to be delivered upon the return of the Dispensation from 
Rome, which the King of Spain insisted upon. 1647 CLarEN- 
pon /ist, Reb. 1. (1702) 1. 30 The Prince having left the 
Desponsorios in the hands of the Earl of Bristol. ax 
Hackxet Ap. Williams 1. (1692) 155 Mr. Edward Clerke, 


| who was sent..to the Earl of Bristol, to stop the powers he 


1888 Miss Brapvon /atal Three | 


had for the dispatch of the expected desposories, 

Desport, obs. form of Disport sé. and v. 

+ Despose, v. Ols. rare. [a. OF. desposer, 
occas. var. of défoser, from the F. confusion of 
des-,de-; see DE-6.] trans. To depose, put down, 
lay down. 

1587 Go.tpinG De Mornay xvi. 255 What would he thinke 
but that he were desposed from the Throne? 1598 E. Gitpin 
Skial. (1878) 43 And now their box complexions are des- 
pos'd. 1603 Florio Montague 111. ix. (1632) 536 Into whose 
hx I might despose, and. .resigne the.. managing of my 
goods. 

Despose, obs. form of Dispose v. 

Despot de'sp/t). Also 6 dispotto, 7 despote. 
[a. OF. despot (14th c.), modF. despote, ad. Gr. 5ea- 
nétns (med.L. despota, -(us) master, lord, despot. 
In sense 1 partly after It. d¢sfoto, in Florio desporta, 
‘a lord, a lordlike governour ’.] 

1. //ist. A word which, in its Greek form, meant 
‘master’ or ‘lord’ (e.g. of a household, of slaves), 
and was applied to a deity, and to the absolute ruler 
ofa non-free people; in Byzantine times it was used 
of the Emperor, and, as representing Lat. magzster, 
in various official titles, also as a form of address 
( = domine my lord) to the emperor, to bishops, and 
especially to patriarchs; from the time of Alexius 
Comnenus it was the formal title of princes of the 
imperial house ; in the sense ‘lord’ or ‘ prince’, it 
was borne, after the Turkish conquest, by the petty 
Christian rulers of dependent or tributary provinces, 
as the despots of the Morea or of Servia ( = Servian 
hosfodar). It was in this later application that the 
word was first known in the Western languages. 

(In modern Greek, dear6rns is the ordinary appellation of 
a bishop.) 

1562 J. Suute Cambini's Turk, Wars (tr. from Italian) 
20 Thomas Paleologo. abstained from that title..and con- 
tented himselfe with the only title of the Dispotto of Morea. 
1585 IT. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. ui. ii. 71 b, Taken 
awaye from his father John Castriot Despot of devia, 1 
Greene Perimedes 11 The Despot of Decapolis and his 
wife. lost their way. 1603 Knoties Hist, Turks (1638) 112 
He was both by the Patriarch and the yong Emperor 
honored with the title of the Desfof, another step vnto the 
Empire. 1614 Seven 7itles Hon, 122 The Desfot was the 
heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire 
(vnderstand, of the times since Alexius Comnenus, though 
before him it were a generall name, as Afy Lord). 1656 
Biount Géossogr., Among the ancient Greeks, he that was 
next to the Em » was, by a general name, called 
Despotes. 1755 Jounson, Desfot, an absolute prince ; one 
that governs with unlimited authority. This word is not in 
use, except as applied to some Dacian —s as the despot 
of Servia. 1788 Gipson Dec?. & F. liii. V. 485 To their 
favourite sons or brothers, they imparted the more loft 
appellation of Lord or Despot, which was illustrated 
new ornaments and prerogatives, and placed 


Oe ae ee, a ky ee 


x 


DESPOTISM. 


1857 Hucues Tom Brown Pref. (1871) 12 Which divides 
boys into despots and slaves. 7 Momar Voltaire (1886) 
82 Voltaire .. never rose above simple political concep- 
tion of an eastern tale, a good-tem; despot with a sage 
vizier. 
3. Comb, 

C. G. Prowrrt Prometh. Bound despot- 

lot'ts all things framed to viclence? oe 
t (despptet). Also -ate. [a. F. des- 

potat, ad. med.L. *despolatus; see DESPo' and 
-ATE.] The dominion of a Greek despot under the 
Turks; a principality. 


despotat of Epirus. 1883 ruil. Hellenic Stud. Oct. 2 
A-semi-ind dent d of Epirus continued to exist 


for more than a hundred years after that time. 

+ Despotee’. Obs. [cf. OF. despotee court of a 
despot, desfotie lordship, despotat; cf. Gr. deand- 
zea lordship, despotism.) = prec. 

1656 Eart Mon. Advt. fr. Parnass. 361 In the Grecian 
Empire, whose division into several despotees..did. .throw 
open the gatestome. 

spotic (despg'tik), a2. Also 7 despotique, 
8 despotick. [a. F. despotigue (Oresme, 14th'c.), 
ad. Gr. dernotinds, f. beowérns Despor: see -I0.] 
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a despot, or 
despotism ; arbitrary, tyrannical. 

1650 Hospes De Cor. Pol. 58 From whence eth 
Dominion, Paternall, and Despotique. 1720 Gay Poems 
(1745) II. 31 Where guardian laws despotic power restrain. 
1751 Jounson Rambler No. 142 ? 10 Bluster has therefore 
a despotick authority in many families. 1825 Lams Elia 
Ser. . Convalescent, He lay and acted his despotic fancies. 
1844 Emerson Lect., Yung. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 298 The 
patriarchal form of government readily becomes despotic. 
1856 Grote Greece 1. xciv. (1869) XII. 10 marg., He be- 
comes Asiatized and despotic. a 1863 Austin Furispr. (ed. 
4) I. 283 The — importing praise, and the epithet 
despotic importing blame, they who distinguish govern- 
ments into free and despotic suppose that the first are better 
than the second. 

Hence Despo‘ticly adv. = DESPOTICALLY. 

169. Ad Populum Phalere 1, 13 That Noah's Heirs 


ha might rule. 
+ Despo'tical, z. Ods. Also 8 -all. [f. as 
prec. + -AL.] = DeEsporic. 

1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. & Mor, 68 Free'd themselves whollie 
from that Despotical kind of government. 1641 Mitton 
Reform. u. (1851) 53 Under the despoticall rule of the 
Monarch. 1 cKE Govt. 1. xv. § 172 Despotical Power 
is an absolute, arbitrary Power one Man has over another. 
1776 Avam Situ W. N. un. ii. (1869) I. 326 Of the most 
free as well as of the most despotical [governments]. 

J. Rocers Axntipopopr. w. iii. 183 Despotical speaking 
acting of the clergy. 

Despo 
Ly *.] 
power. 

1681 Whole Duty Nations 53 Despotically to command, 
or compel, is not ofthe nature of*True Christian. . Religion. 
1765 Biackxstone, Comm, 1, 234 A onechy Sees one 
despotically regal. 1814 Scott Wav, xix, The great man 
his neighbourhood . . ruling despotically over a small clan. 
1860 Sat, Rev. IX. 137/2 In despotically governed mon- 


archies, 
‘ticalness. O/s. [f. as prec. vee | 


(despg'tikali), adv. [f. prec. + 
In a despotic manner; with absolute 


+ De 
The quality of being despotic; despotic mode 
action ; oe pan “ . 

Myst. Lniq. gratified hi 
witha Despotcanss om the frien 3 Parl, Dissoted 
t Despotical 

the Grand Seignites of the Republic” 3698 i. Faaoussos 

View Eccles. 106 Tools of Despotical or D ical 

Demagogues in Politicks. . 
(de'spgtiz’m). [a. F. despotisme 

(Dict. Acad. 1740): see Despor and -1sM. 

1. The rule of a despot ; despotic government ; 
the exercise of absolute authority. 


: Cuamners Cyel., Despotism, ic government. 
istrated wit! 1736 Penne Pind Nae. Soc, Wis. 1.96 The simplest form 
v is di i inferior orbs of 


y 
after the person of the emperor himself. 1819 T. Hore 
Anastasius (1820) II. x. 203 (Stanf.), I am bearer of letters 
to the despots [bishops of the Greek Church] and proéstis 
of our different islands, 

2. After ancient Greek use: An absolute ruler of 
a country; hence, by extension, any ruler who go- 
verns absolutely or tyrannically; any person who 
exercises tyrannical authority; a tyrant, an op- 
pressor, 

(The modern use, which is usually hostile, according to 
Mason, quoted by Todd, came into prominence at the peri 
of the French Revolution ; ‘the French revolutionists have 
been very liberal in conferring this title ’.) : 

(61x Corcr., Despote, a Despote ; the chiefe or soueraigne 
Lord of a Countrey. 1755 (see sense 1).] 1781 Cowrer 
Expost. 370 Hast thou .. returned... A despot big with 
po er obtained by wealth? 1784 -—~- Zask vy. 311 But is it 

it .. that aman .. Should be a d absolute, and boast 
Himself the only freeman of his land? 1795 Soutney Yoan 
of Arc x. 444 When — o'er his legion slaves on Greece, 

"he eastern despot ridged the Hellespont. x: Burke 
Regic. Peace iv. Wks. IX. 104 The friends of Jacobins are no 
longer di ; the betrayers of the common cause are no 
longer traitors! 1841 W. Spaupine /taly § Jt. /sd. IL. 181 
Which coincided in date with several other SD gre against 
Italian desp 1841 Ev Hist. Ind, I. 159 The 
intercourse between those princes was highly characteristic 


go’ P , where 
wer are moved merel. the will of the Supreme. 1817 
ENTHAM Swear not ar oy Wks 1843 V. 222 Next to the 
evils of anarchy, are the evils of despotism. 1857 ‘Toutm. 
Sairu_ Parish 364 The worst form of despotism is the silent 
enslaving of a nation by F rv and Bi cracy. 
a 1862 Buckie Civili, (1873) ILI. iv. 192 These very circum- 
stances, which guarded the people against political ism 
Tiernan tec Man ise, ta Demetees ae Dasa 

AWLINSON Anc, Mon., Hist. 22 simplest, 
coarsest, and rudest of all the forms of civil vee. 
effective 


Ty government. 
1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. wy Sa — It siocatoat sep 
has 


a civil war could end only in a de 
bbe A aig is a desp 
unwilling su n 
8. fg. Absolute power or control; rigid re- 
straint. 


potism do empty names 
dominion over the human mind ! 


Wks. (Bohn) I. 43 Under the primeval of 
1848 Hattam Mid. Ages ii. Note vii (1855) 1. 


of Asiatic d ts. 1841-4 Emerson Zss., Comp 
his wry 
Frank of wealth and courage was a despot within his sphere, 


DESPOTIST. 
De'spotist. [f.as prec.+-1sT.] An advocate 
or supporter of despotism. 


1857 Kincstey Life & Lett. (1879) II. 66 And I must 
become as thorough a despotist and imperialist as Strafford 
himself. 1863 E. Warp Caftiv. Poland 1. 129 Mr. Carlyle 
+8 philosophical despotist. 

Despotize (de'spftaiz), v. [f. as prec. + -128 ; 
in mod.F. despotiser (Littré).] zntr. To act the 
part of a despot ; to rule as a despot. 

1799 Chron, in Ann, Reg. 288 Despotizing over those 
nations which will not submit. 1809 CoLeRipGE Friend (1866) 
215 He despotized in all the pomp of patriotism. 1876 Moztry 
Univ. Serm.i.16 Kings and Emperors. .anxious to despotise 
over their brethren. 

Despotoreracy. nonce-wd. [-cracy.] Govern- 
ment by a despot ; the rule of a despot. 

a@1860 T. Parker Wks, V. 262 (D.) Despotocracy, the 
worst institution of the middle ages .. came over the water. 

+Despotomaniac. monce-wd. [See -MANIA.] 
One who has a mania in favour of despots ; a¢tr7z). 
having such a mania. 

1825 Blackw. Mag. XVIII. 690 We value liberty too highly 
to cram it like a nauseous potion down the throat of any 
Despoto-maniac patient. 

+ Despou'sage. Ols. [f. Desrousrz.+ -acE: 
cf. espousage, spousage.| Betrothal; espousal. 

@1587 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 103/2 Ethelbert King of the 
Eastangles..went..to King Offa for despousage of Athilrid 
his daughter, 

+ Despou'se, v. Ods. [ad. L. désponsire to 
betroth (see DesPoNnsATE), on the model of spouse 
:-OF. esposer:—L. sponsare.] trans. To promise 
in marriage, to betroth ; to give or take in marriage, 
to marry; =EspousE v. 1, 2. Also fig. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 203 Ly wip me, for to 
day bow despousedest and weddest me. —¢ 1440 CarGRAVE 
Life St. Kath, uw. 1028 She desireth bat pou shalt now 
wyth a ryng Despouse hir to thi-self for euere-more. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 187, I haue despoused you to 
a noble man. 1543 Wecess. Doctr. in Formul. Faith Biij, 
A virgin, which was despoused or ensured to a man, whose 
name was Joseph. 1609 Biste (Douay) 1 A/acc. x. 56 Meete 
me at Ptolemais, that..I may despouse her to thee. 

Jig. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 Whan he de- 
spoused theyr soules in fayth & ledde them in hope out of 
pt. 
ence Despou'sed /#/. a., Despou'sing v4/. 33; 
also Despou'ser, one who gives in marriage. 

1609 Biste (Douay) Song. Sol. iii. 11 In the day of his 
despousing. 1635 Heywoop /ierarch. v. 308 Chastitie the 
Contract, Vertue the Despouser. 

Despoyl(e, -poyly, -puile, obs. ff. Drsporn. 

Despraise, Despread, Desprise: see Dis-. 

Despu'mate, f//.a.  [ad. L. déspiimat-us pa. 
pple. of déspiimare: see next.] 

1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Despumate, freed from froth and im- 
purities; clarified ; purified. 

Despumate (dispizme't, de'spizme't), v.  [f. 
L. déspiimat-, ppl. stem of déspiimare to skim, f. 
De- I. 2 + sfuma foam, froth, scum, sfimare to 
froth.] ; 

1. ¢rans. To skim ; to free (a liquid) of the scum, 
froth, or other impure part ; to clarify by removing 
the scum. 

1641 Frencu Disti/?. iv. (1651) 95 Take of Honey well 
despumated as much as you please. 1718 Quincy Comfi. 
Disp. 34 The Honey is order’d to be clarify’d or despu- 
mated. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 112 Used among the 
French to despumate and granulate their sugars. 1757 
Water in Phil. Trans. L. 128 When it was despumated, 
a new cremor always succeeded. 

2. intr. (for refl.) To throw off its froth or scum; 
to become clarified by this process. 

1733 CHEYNE Exg. Malady 304 (L.) That discharge ..will 
help it the sooner and faster to despumate and purify. 1883 

in Syd. Soc, Lex. 

3. trans. To throw off as froth. 

1733 Cuevne Eng. Malady 360 (L.) They were thrown 
off ag despumated upon the larger emunctory and open 
glands. 

Hence Despumated £#/. a. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 83 The sanies of it rosted, 
with despumated Honey, helps the Glaucoma. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., Despumated honey. ; 

Despumation. [ad. L. déspiimdation-em, n. 
of action from ng comes see prec. In F. despu- 
mation (1616 in Hatzf.).] 

1. The removal of froth or scum from a liquid ; 

the condition of being freed from scum; clari- 
fication. 
, 1612 WoopaLt Surg, Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Despumation 
is when spume or froth floating on the top, is taken away 
with a spoon, feather, or by colation. 1710 T, FuLLER 
Pharm, Extemp, 21 Honey. -boil’d to a perfect Despuma- 
tion. 1883 in Syd. Soc, Lex. “ 

2. The expulsion of impure matter from the fluids 
of the body; the matter thus despumated. 


ee Se — —<—— 


.shall_ be 


257 


3. ~/. Skimmings, scum, froth, foam. ; 

1669 Addr. Yng. Gentry Eng. 51 Here you see another 
Cytherea born cut of the despumations of our seas of wine. 

+Despume (dispi#m), v. Obs. [ad. L. déspii- 
mare (see DESPUMATE), or a. F, despumer (16th c.).] 

1, trans. To skim; to clear of froth or scum. 

¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 90 Of hony despumed [z. ». di- 
spumed)] oz. iiij. ¢1§53 in Hartlib Legacy (1655) 232 Take 
your Alewort..and into it put of good Honey despumed..a 
pound and a half. 1623 Cockeram, Despume, to take vp 
the scum of athing. 1655in Hartlib Ref, Comm. Bees 36 
Let the tryall be made with about a gallon of Honey, de- 
spume it. 1743 Lond. § Country Brew. u. (ed. 2) 146 Salting 
the Water, and despuming as fast as it appears. 

2. intr, Of a liquid: To cast up a scum or froth. 

1613 R. Cawprey Zable Alph. (ed. 3), Despume, fome, or 
cast vp a scumme, 

Hence Despumed ///. a. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny xxu. xxiv, Made .. of despumed and 
clarified hony. 

Despute, obs. var. of Dispute. 

Despyne in forke despyne : see PORCUPINE, 

Desquamate (deskwame't), v. [f. L. désgaa- 
miat-, ppl. stem of désgudmare (trans.) to remove the 
scales from, to scale, f. DE- I. 2 + sguama scale (of 
a fish, reptile, etc.).] 

+1. trans. To take the scales off, clear from 
scales, peelings, or loose cuticle ; to scale, peel. 

1740 Dycue & Parpon Desguamate, to scrape off the fins 
from fish ; and in Surgery, to scale off the corrupt or shat- 
tered part of bones. 

2. zntr. To come off in the form of scales; to 
scale off, exfoliate, ‘ peel’. : 

1828 Compe Const, Max iii. (1835) 99 As anatomists call it, 
desquamating ; by which they mean, that the cuticle. .comes 
off in squamz or scales. 1878 T. Bryant Pract, Surg. 1. 
53 The cuticle always desquamates. 

Hence De‘squamated ///. a., scaled off; freed 
from scales or cuticle, peeled. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Desguamated, scaled, having the 
Scales taken off. 1845-6 G. E. Day tr. Sison's Anim. 
Chem. 1. 107 Piutti removed all the desquamated cuticle. 
1884 Bower & Scotr De Bary's Phaner. 556 They traverse 
and support each desquamated zone surrounding the peri- 
phery of the stem. — ; 

Desquamation (deskwimé'‘fon). [noun of 
action from prec.: see -ATION. (In French, in 
Dict. Trévoux, 1752).] 

1. The removal of scales or of any scaly crust. 

172x BaiLey, Desguamation (in Surgery) is a scaling of 
foul bones. 1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Desguamation, the 
act of slaking or scaling carious Bones. 1755 in JoHNSON. 

2. A coming off in scales or scaly patches; esp. 
that of the epidermis, as the result of certain 
diseases ; exfoliation, ‘ peeling’. 

1725 Huxuam in Phil, Trans. XXXIII. 389 The De- 
squammation was very slow, the black Crusts adhering 
several Days. 1805 W. Saunpvers Min, Waters 105 Obsti- 
nate cases of dry desquamations. 1813 J. THomson Lect. 
Inflam. 147 Exfoliation or desquamation of the internal 
membrane, 1839 Murcuison Si/ur. Syst. 1. xxxix. 540 
Granite is so prone to desquamation, that nearly all granitic 
chains are topped with rounded masses, which, though 
really in situ, have often the appearance of being bowlders. 
1880 BEALE re ee Ailm. 28 The desquamation and falling 
off of a good deal of epithelium. 1888 7 ves 14 Apr. 11 
Another child..was in the stage of desquamation. 

attrib, 1883 Quain Dict. Med.s.v. Scarlet Fever, The 
desquamation-period .. is also spoken of as occupying the 
second week. awe: 

3. That which is cast off in scales. 

1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Aposirmata Phisitions call De- 
squamations, 1755 Jounson, Rust, the red desquamation 
of old iron. . i 

Desquamative (diskwe'mativ), a. [f. L. 
désquamiat- (see above) + -IVE.] Tending to or 
characterized by desquamation, as in desguamative 
nephritis, pneumonia, etc. 

Dr. G. Jounson in Medico-Chirurg. Trans. XXX. 
170 To the form of renal disease here described as occurring 
in connection with scarlatina I propose to give the name of 
acute desquamative nephritis. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. 
Pathol. 285 Cheesy pneumonia..proceeds .. from true de- 
squamative pneumonia. 

Desqua'matory, a. & sd. [f. as prec. + -ory.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to desquamation. 
1634 T. ee Parey's Chirurg. x. v. (1678) 231 This 
one with a scaling or Desquamatory ‘l'repan. 
1837 PLumpe Dis. Skin (L.), The desquamatory stage now 
gins. 
B. sé. A desquamatory trepan. 

1668 R. L’Esrrance Vis. Quev. (1708) 28 In the tail of 
these, came the Surgeons, laden with Pincers, Crane-bills, 
Catheters, Desquamatories. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Desgua- 
matory, an old form of trephine for removing exfoliations 
from bones. 

+ Desqua'me, v. Obs.-° [ad. L. désguama-re 
(see DESQUAMATE).] ¢vans. =DESQUAMATE 1. 

1623 CockEram, Desguame, to scale a fish, 1731 Baiey, 


1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v1. 164 By .. D: ion 
I would have nothing else understood, than the Expulsion 
or Separation of the febrile matter now brought under and 
as it were conquered. 1733 CHEyNe Eng. Malady u. v. § 8 
(1734) 164 The..Glands_ me loaded with the Despuma- 
tion of the whole Habit. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. xxvi, 
The fluids of the body appear to p a power of sep 
ing and expelling any noxious substance which may have 
mixed itself with them. This they do, in eruptive fevers, by 
— of desp ‘ion, as Sydenh sit. 1802 Beppors 

lygeia viii, 158. 

Vou, III. 


9 é, to take off, or scrape off es. 

Desray, obs. form of Drray. 

+ Dess, sd.' Obs. Also desse. [a. OF. dezs, 
dais, Dais.]_ 1. Obs. form of Dats. 

2. A desk. 

1552 Hutoet, Desse or lecturne to laya boke on, amédonus. 
1596 Spenser /. Q. Iv. x. 50 A bevie of fayre damzels 
..Wayting when as the Antheme should be sung on hye. 
The first of them did seeme of yeares .. And next to 
her sate goodly Shamefastnesse, Ne ever durst her eyes 


DESSERT. 


— ground upreare, Ne ever once did looke up from her 
esse. 

Dess (des), 5b.2 Sc. and north. dial. Also dass. 
[Of doubtful origin: cf. Icel. des in hey-des hay- 
rick ; but the sense ‘ layer’ suggests that the word 
is identical with prec. (OF. dezs, dazs raised plat- 
form or floor.)] 

1. A stratum, a layer. 

1674-91 Ray N.C, Words 139 First they take the mine 
picked from the Desse or Rock. 1798 Statist. Acc. Stir- 
tings. XV. 327 (Jam.) Then rs strata of muirstone rise above 
each other to the summit of the Fells ..in the face of the 
braes, they go by the name of dasses or gerrocks. 1818 Hocc 
Brownie of B. U1. 61\ Jam.) They soon reached a little dass 
in the middle of the linn, or what an Englishman would call 
a small landing-place. 1876 Ropinson Whitby Gloss., Dess, 
a layer of piled substances; a course in a building. ‘ Laid 
up in desses’, laid tier upon tier. 1891 ATKINSON Moorland 
Parish 55 He'd getten a haill dess o’ shaffs .. and was rife 
for another dess. 

2. (See quots. ) 

1788 Marsuatt Provincialisms of E. Yorksh. in Ratral 
Economy (E. D.S.\, Dess, a cut of hay. 1875 Lancash. 
Gloss., Dess (Fylde distr.) a pile, applied to straw. 1878 
Cumbrid. Gloss., Dess, a pile, a heap ; a truss of hay. 

Dess, v. worth. dial. [f. DEss 56.2] 

1. trans. To arrange in a layer or layers; to 
pile up in layers. 

1641 Best Farm, Bhs. (Surtees) 139 The usuall way for 
dessinge of strawe. 1674-91 Ray N.C. Words 20 Desse, 
to lay close together: to desse Wool, Straw, &c. 1787 
Grosk Prov. Gloss., Desse,..in Cumb., to put in order, 1788 
Marsuaty Provincialisms of E. Vorksh., Dess up, to pile 
up neatly, 1851 Crnbrdd. Gloss., Dess, to lay carefully 
together. 1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dess'd uf, piled up. 

2. To cut (a section of hay) from a stack. 

1787 Grose Prov. Gloss. 1847-78 in HALLIweLL. 

3. dtr. To work in astratum or strata; to hew out 
particular strata or layers from the face of a 
cliff. 

1876 Ropinson HW hithy Gloss. s.v., ‘They're dessing for jet’, 
i.e, hacking it out of the layers or desses, when it occurs. . 
on the face of the cliff. 1882 Good Cheer 61 You knew he 
was getting jet, dessing in Helabeck Bight yonder, 

De'ssably, adv. north. dial. (Cf. Dessantry.] 

1674-91 Ray NV. C. Words, Dessably, constantly. 1855 
Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dessably, orderly in point of 
arrangement. ‘ 

Dessait, -ate, -ayte, obs. ff. DEcrrt. 

+ Dessantly, adv. Obs. rare. [Etymol. un- 
certain ; cf, Dess v., DessELy.] Continuously. 

¢1400 Leryn 790 In whose tyme sikirlich, be vii. sagi 
were In Rome dwelling dessantly. /é2. 1563 Ffor thre da 
dessantly be derknes a-mong hem was. 

Dessaue, -ayfe, -ayue, obs. ff. DECEIVE. 

Dessayse, -seize, obs. ff. DISEASE, DissEIzr. 

Desse, var. of Drss sd.1 

Dessece, -eit, obs. ff. DECEASE, DrEcrIr. 

+ Dessely, adv. Obs. Also-lic,-li. [Cf Dress 
v., DESSABLY.] Continuously. 

@ 1300 Cursor A/, 11406 (Cott.) Did pam in a montain dern 
Desselic to wait pe stern. bd. 17719 (Cott.) Desseli to god 
praiand, Wit sacrifijs and wit offrand.  /déd. 19033 (Cott.) 
.. desseli bath late and are War tentand to be apostels 
are, bid. 26881 (Cott.) Als if he desseli did ill. 

Dessende, -ente, obs. ff. Descenp, Descen’. 

Dessert (déza-it). Also 7-8 desert, 8 des-, 
disart. [a. F. dessert (Estienne 1539) ‘ removal of 
the dishes, dessert’, f. desservir to remove what has 
been served, to clear (the table), f. des-, L. dis- + 
servir to serve.] 

1. A course of fruit, sweetmeats, etc. served after 
a dinner or supper; ‘the last course at an enter- 
tainment’ (J.). 

1600 W.VauGuan Direct. Health (1633) 11. ix. 54 Such eating, 
which the French call desert, is unnaturall. 1666 Pepys Diary 
12 July, The dessert coming, with roses upon it, the Duchesse 
bid him try. 1708 W. Kinc Cookery 261 ’Tis the dessert 
that graces all the feast. 1739 R. But tr. Dedehindus’ 
Grobianus 96 \f the Guests may pocket the Desart. 1834 
Lytron Pompei? w. iii, The dessert or last course was already 
on the table. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 
II. 69 The Medlar.. when in a state of incipient decay is 
employed for the dessert. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) III. 
696 Pleasant kinds of dessert, with which we amuse ourselves 
after dinner. y : 

b. ‘In the United States often used to include 
pies, puddings, and other sweet dishes’ (Cent. Dict.). 

1848-60 in Bartietr Dict, Amer. 1887 Scribner's Mag. 
(Farmer), The pastry-cook [in Paris] is very useful. e 
supplies..such dessert (I use the word in the American 
sense) as an ordinary cook could not be expected to make. 

2. attrib, and Comb. Dessert-knife, -plate, 
-spoon, etc., those used for the dessert; a dessert- 
spoon is intermediate in size between a table-spoon 
and a tea-spoon; dessert-service, the dishes, 
plates, and other requisites used in serving 
dessert. 

1773 Dovuatass in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 294 It is a common 
desert wine. 1860 Al/ Year Round No. 40. 564 An eye as 
large as a dessert-plate. 1861 Detamer A7tch. Gard. 144 
Dessert apples and kitchen apples can hardly be distinguished. 
1870 Ramsay Rein. vi. (ed. 18) 203 The servant..put down 
..a dessert-spoon. 1875 Ham. Herald 13 Nov. 30/2 Take 
..one dessertspoonful of allspice. 

Desseyse, -eyt, -eyue, obs. ff. Drczasr, Dr- 
ceIT, DECEIVE. 

33* 


gis 
ys. 


DESSIATINE. 


|| Dessiatine, desyatin (de'syitin). Also 
dessatine, desaetine, dessjaetine. [ad. Russ, 
jecatirHa desyatina lit. ‘ tenth, tithe’.] A Russian 
superficial measure of 2400 sazhens. 
ied W. Tooke View Russian Emp. 11. 345 A desaetine 

a half of land was bought, with the boors upon it, 1814 
W. Brown Hist, Propag. Chr. U1. 542 A dessatine contains 
117,600 Lo sq. feet. 1889 tr. 7olstoi's Anna Karénina 
166 Insti of sowing down twenty-four =e they 
had only planted six. 1892 7¥es 3 Mar. 3/3 Some 15,761 
dessiatines of grain-growing land, or .. over 40,000 acres. 
(A ‘dessiatine’ being about 29 acres.) 

Destai‘n, v. Archaic variant of Distaty. 
Destance, obs. f. Distance, variance, disagree- 

ment. 

Destane, -anye, -ayne, obs. ff. Destine, 
Destiny. 

+ Desta‘te, v. Ods.. [f. De- II. 2+Srarte sd.] 
trans. To divest of state or grandeur, 

16.. T. Apams Ws. (1861) I. 430(D.) The king of eternal 
lory, to the world’s eye destating himself .. was cast down 
or us that we might rise up by him. 

Deste, obs. pa. t. of Dasu v. 
¢1320 Sir Tristr. 2396 Ouer be bregge he deste. 
Destemper, obs. form of D1sTEMPER. 
Desten(e, -nie, obs. ff. Destinr, Destiny. 

+ Dester. Oés. rare. [a. OF. destre right hand 
:—L. dextra.] The right hand. 

a 1300 Body & Soul 35 (M&tz.) Thi proude palefreys and thi 
stedes that thou3 haddest in dester (OF. en destre] leddes. 

+ Desternute, v. Obs. rare—°.  [f. L. dé, Dr- 
I. 3+ sternucre, sterniit-, or sterniitare, to sneeze. ] 
So Desternu'tament. 

1623 CockeraM 1, To sneeze, Desternute. 
Desternutament. 

+ Deste'rt, v. Obs. rare-°. 
cease snoring.] 

1623 Cockeram, Desterting, snorting. 

Destestable, obs. var. of DETESTABLE. 

Desteyne, -nye, obs. ff. Distais, DEstTINE, 
DESTINY. 

+ De‘sticate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. ppl. stem | 
of L. désticdre to squeak as a shrew-mouse.] 

1623 Cockeram, Desticate. to cry like a rat. 

Hence Destica‘tion, (vare) squeaking. 

1820 Sporting Mag. VII. 119 It was the destication of 
a mouse, who..had got himselfan unwelcome visitor in the 
cage of my favourite magpye. 

Destill, -ation, obs. ff. Dist, DistiLLarion. 

+ Destin, destine, s/. Ovs. [a. F. destin 
masc. = It., Sp., Pg. destine, or OF. destine fem. 
destiny, f. des¢iner to DESTINE.] =Destiny 56. 

1575 Crvurcuyarp Chippes (1817) 2tr Makes an ende, 
as destine hath assignde. 1g90 T. Watson Death Sir F. 
Walsingham, Poems(Arb.) 151 By Destins fatall knife Sweet 
Melibceus is depriu'd of life. 1 Marston Sco. Vill. 1. 
viii. 211 The Destin’s adamantine band. 1616 Drum™. oF 
Hawtn. Song Poems 14 This hold to brave the skies the 
Destines framed. — Statue of Adonis, She sighed, and 
said: ‘What power breaks Destine’s law?’ 

+ De'stinable, ¢. Vés. [a. OF. destinable 
fatal, f. destiner to DESTINE: see -ABLE. 

(Occurs once in MSS. of Chaucer's Boethins, but in 16th 
c. edd. is substituted five times for Destinat of the MS.)) 

Of, pertaining to, or fixed by sete fated, fatal. 
Hence De'stinably a/v.(in printed edd.of Chaucer). 

©1374 Cuaucer Soeth, 1. pr. vi. (Skeat) lL. 251 He chaseth 
out al yvel fro the boundes of his comunalitee — order 
of necessitee destinable. 1530 Patscr. 3%0,/1 Destynable, 
apoynted to be ones destenye, destinadle. 1530-61 Chau- 
cer's Boeth. iv. pr. vi. 219 b/2 (Sk. Le The destinable [MS. 
destinal] ordinaunce is wouen and accomplished. /éid. 
(Sk. l. 56), The order destinably [MS. destinal] proceedeth of 
the simplicitie of purveighaunce. : 

+ Destinacy. Oés. [f. L. déstinat-us, désti- 
nat-io; see -acy.] Destination, appointment. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xix. 7o The successyon is unto hym | 
re te ryghte heredytalle and by veraye destynacy after my 

et 

+ Destinal, ¢. Ods. [f. Destin sd. or F. 
destin + -AL.] Of, pertaining to, or according to 
destiny or fate. | 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. tv. pr. vi. (Skeat) 1. 80 They sur- | 
mounten the ordre of destinal moevabletee. /did. v. pr. ii. 

4 Elles I wolde witen ¥ of that the destinal cheyne con- | 
streineth the movinges of the corages of men? [And three | 
other examples. ] | 
¥ the 16th c. printed edd. altered to Destinaste.) | 


A sneezing, 


[ef. L. déstertere to 


nonce-wd. [f. Destine v., after 
predestinarian.| A believer in destiny. 

1838 New Monthly Mag. L11. 52 They seem to be desti- 
narians—to have a dull apprehension that everything moves 
on in its preordained course, | 

+ De'stinate, A/V. a. (sb.) Obs. or arch. [ad. 
L. déstinat-us, pa. pple. of déstindre to DestixE.] 

1. Fated, ordained ; =Destinep I. a. as pple. 

a Alexander 692 So was me destinate [A shim, MS. 
destaned] to dy. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxii, That 
northeren winde that is ever ready and destynat to all evel. 
1961 T. Norton Caévin's Jnst, 1. 315 They are destinate 
to destruction, cx6rxr Cuarman //iad xxiv, 468 The Gods 
have desti That wretched mortals must live sad. 1634 
Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 107 A small flye By a fooles 
finger destinate to dye. 

. as xf | 

1605 Lond. Prodigal 1. i, That a bad i ma 


258 
Episc. Asserted 99 (T.) Walo Messalinus, a destinate adver- 


to episcopacy. y 
"2 Set apart for a particular purpose; ordained ; 
intended ;= DESTINED 2, a. as fa. pple. 
1610 W. Forxincuam Art of Survey 1. xi. i? Dry stony 
la: are destinate to white Saxifrage, je, Lauender. 
F. Purturrs Reg. Necess. 199 Admitted into an Inns of 
Court, heretofore only destinate and appropriate to the sons 
of Nobility. 
b. as adj. ‘ 
1583 Sranynurst Aeneis u. (Arb.) 63 See that you doe 
folow youre moothers destinat order. axz619 ForHEersy 


Atheom. 1. Pref. (1622) 8 The destinate end, and scope of | 


this worke. 1660 Gaupen God's Gt. Demonstr. 35 Wilful 
murther and destinate villany, 

B. sd. That which is destined; a fated or ap- 
pointed event, etc. 

1675 R. Burtnoccr Causa Dei 153 Destinates are said to 
be in vain, if either they are insufficiently, or not at all, 
referred to their Ends. 

Destinate (de'stine't), v. Now rare. [f. L. 
déstinat-, ppl. stem of déstindre: see Destine v.] 
1. ¢rans. To ordain, appoint: = Destine v. 1. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xiii. 47 To doo sacrefyces destynated 
ynto the noble goddesse Ceres. 1 Ferne Blas. Gentrie 
94 Vsurping that facultye and vocation at the first destinated 
as peculiar to gentlemen, 1638 Baker tr. Badsac’s Lett. 1. 
(1654) 7 You are destinated to fill the place of that Cardinal. 
1712 Lp. Kine Primitive Church 1. 5 He that read the 
Scriptures, was particularly destinated to this office. c “re 
J. G. Mureny Comm, Lev. i. 4 Laying the hand on is the 
solemn act of designating or destinating to a certain purpose. 

+b. To doom, sentence (to a punishment) ; to 
ordain or appoint (a punishment) to be inflicted. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. v. (1618) 211 Destinated to a more 
slow, but to a greater punishment. 1611 Speen ///st. Gt. Brit. 
vu. i, (1632) 393 Whom the Priest by casting of lots had 
destinated to death. 16a1 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xu. (1626) 
269 [She] Still Queen-like, destinates his punishment. 

L. S. People's Liberty x. 24 To preserve their Bishop Euse- 
bius from banishment, to which Valens their Emperour had 
destinated him. 

2. To appoint or predetermine in the way of fate 
or of a divine decree ; fass. to be divinely appointed 
or fated; =DESTINE v. 2. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. i. (R.) That name 
that God. .did destinate and appoynt vnto hym, before the 
creation of the worlde. a@ 1617 Bayne On a grid (1658) 156 
Christ is a head of those only whom God hath destinated to 
convert. 1618 Bo.ton /Vorus Iv. i. 260 The man..to whom 
soveraignty was destinated in Sibylls verses. 1651 Wittik 
Primreose’s Pop. Err. u. viii. 105 The Turks... doe not 
regard the Pestilence, because they thinke that God hath 
destinated to every one his manner of death. 

b. To determine the destiny of. 


1839 Baitey Festus viii. (1848) 91 It is love which mostly 


destinates our life. : 

3. To devote in intention to a particular purpose 
or use ; to intend, design, allot; =DEsTINE v. 3. 

1555 Even Decades 157 Suche as they destinate to eate 
they geld. 165 G. Sanpys 7rav. 83 Decking their houses 
with branches of cypresse: a tree destinated to the dead. 
1621 Burton Anat, Me/. 1. ii. ut. xv, We that are bred up 
in learning, and destinated by our parents to this end. 1745 
tr. Columedia’s Hush. n. xviii, Having plowed up. .the place 
we have destinated for a meadow. 1826 Soutney Vind. 
Eccl. Angl. 303 If they were not destinated to their pro- 
fession from childhood, 

+b. pass. To be designed by nature. Oéds. 

1578 Banister //ist. Man vu. 108 Nature .. prouided for 
the safe conduict of this Nerue, since to the midreif it was 
destinated. 1635 Swan Sec. AV. iii. § 3 (1643) 53 The night 
.. is destinated or appointed for quiet and sleep, tr. 
Amyralius’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. vi. gt The action of see- 
ing, to which the eye is destinated. Ray Creation 


* (1714) 262 Birds. . being destinated to fly among the branches 
| of trees. 


1742 Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) B, Our 
Mother Earth .. is destinated to the Service of Man in the 
Production of Vegetation. 

Hence Destinating wd/. sb. and ppl. a. 

1633 Pryxne Histrio-Mastix 1. ii. (R.), The destinating, 
and denoting of v fitable .. and vi y inven- 
tions. 1652 GAULE Magastrom. 130 To depend upon the 
destinating stars. 


Destinated (de'stine'téd), pp/. a. arch. or Obs. 
f, prec. vb.+ -ED!.] Appointed, predetermined ; — 


estined, fated : see prec. vb. 


aq R. Cawpreyv Tadle Alph., Destinated, appointed. — 
1615 4 


RooKE Body of Man 216 The destinated corruption of 
the matter. «1649 RUMM. OF 
Wks. (1711) ¢ rendevouz and destinated place 


5 
meeting. 1688 Bovir Final Causes Nat. Things iv. 214 
That this .. is the particular destinated use of a thing. 


Destination (cestiné-fon). 
tidn-em, n. of action from déstindre to DESTINE : 


ef. F, destination (12-13th c.) perh. the immediate | 


source, It. destinasione.] 
1. The action of destining, appointing, foreordain- 


| ing, or setting apart to a particular use, — 
or end ; the fect of being desti (in m use 


influenced by sense 2.) 

1598 Fiorio, Destinatione, destination. 1623 CockERAM, 
Destination, an appoi 1628 Srencer Logick 208 
The flesh of man and beasts dot differ in their proper being, 
and Gods destination. 1755 Younc Centaur i. 

IV. r1q It is said, there must be heresies.. And why? There 
is..no fatal necessity for them, from God's destination. 


1762 Kames Elem. Crit, (1763) L. ii. 246 No other branch | 
ol 


the human constitution shows more visibly our destina- 
i ite for fame. 1868 M. Pattison 


. . y 
bring him to his destinate repentance, a@ 1659 Br. Morton 


tion for society. .than te 
Acad ~ 120 tt the destination given to these 
endowments by their founders was wise and politic, 


Hawrtn, Hist, Jas, ia, | 


[ad. L. déstina- | 


ks. 1757 


fe venee 
not only in its pote. any but in its destination. 1795 Cuxts- 
in Blackstone's Comm, (1809) 1V. 82 Sending intelli- 
to the enemy of the destinations and designs 
ingdom, in order to assist them in their operations against 
7 .. is high es ee Univ. Serm. pr 238 
ion ve e O} ce 
\ destination above the objects, the employments, 
2. spec. The fact of being destined or bound for 
a particular place ; hence, short for place of desti- 
| nation, the place for which a person or thing is 
| destined ; the intended end of a journey or course. 
(Now the usual sense.) 
1787 Canxninc Microcosm, Mo, 32 P 2 That traveller will 
| arrive sooner at his place of destination. 1797 Mrs. Rap- 
curre /tadian vi, Anxiety as to the place of her destination. 
a1813 Soutney Nelson I. 199 (L.) ‘It [the fleet] has as 
many destinations’ he [Nelson] said ‘as there were coun- 
tries’, 1828 Wessrer, s.v., The ship left her destination ; 
but it is more usual to say, the place of her destination. 
1832 Hr. Martineau /redand iii. 45 She..held by his arm 
till they arrived at their destination. 1885 Act 48-49 Vict. 
c. 60 § 20 Ships. . whose last port of clearance or des- 
tination is in any such possession. ercury 27 
May 5/1 [He] has at length arrived at his i 
3. Sc. Law. a. The nomination, by the will of 
the proprietor, of successors to heritable or movable 
property in a certain order. b. The series of heirs 
succeeding to such property, whether by will or by 
the course of law. 
1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 
“nally” xs 


has had infinite wisdom concern’d 


2, 
z 


Subj ne 

moveable become heritable: 1. By the coaen 's 

destination. Thus, a jewel, or any other moveable subj 
may be provided to heir. 1862 W. Beut Dict. 

Scot. s.v., A destination ‘to A. and his heirs of line’, carries 

the property to the heir in heritage, exclusive of the heir of 

— a ——— to h le exclud — | 

aw eports Cases Destinations in favour 
an third p : ;: oa La | to be y and 
revocable. 

Destinator (de'stine'tar). rare. [a. L. désti- 
nator, agent-n, from déstindre to DesTINE.] One 
who destines ; one who fixes or pronounces a des- 

| tiny; a dealer in destinies. 

3879 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie & Soul 1. xii. 94 Detestable 
Southsayers, and dissembling destinators. 1610 Br. WesBE 
Posie Spir. Flowers, Vime's Creator and destinator, 

Destine (de'stin), v. Forms: 4-5 destayn(e, 

-6 -ten, 5 -tan(e, -teyne, 5-6 -tyne, 6 -tyng, 

destine. [a. F. destiner (12th c. in Hatz.- 

Darm.), ad. L, déstindre to make fast or firm, 
establish, destine, f. Dr- I. 3 + *standre, causal 
deriv. of stare to stand.] 

+1. évans, To ordain, appoint (formally or de- 
finitely). Ods. (or aged in 2, sy pen 

Destr. 7: t eynid dome, 
| Pkg trie ie Thay a ermyt bit fully. 1613 J. Sarketp 
Treat, Angels 80 [Angels] destined for the perpetuall moti 
of the heavens. ne Hume Hist. Eng. 1. x. 105 His ap- 
panage, which the king had destined him, 288: Dur- 

FieLD Don Quix. 1. xxv. 344 This is the place, on 

heavens ! which I destine and select for bewailing 

misfortune. 

2. As the act of the Deity, Fate, or a supernatural 
power: To appoint or fix beforehand, to predeter- 
mine by an terable decree or ordinance. Now 
chiefly in fass.: To be divinely appointed or fated ; 

_ often in weakened sense, expressing little more than 
the actual issue of events as ascertained by subse- 
ience, without any definite reference to 


their predetermi 
kna’ of god, in be 


Aictamder Gch A waren "bat dohipa aien tt deep ie 
Deed ts sane. cab Cnnros Somes of Ayman Mi 


+ 
fe 
His 


A 
: 
ie 


: 

4: 

: 
bl 
is 
i 
A 


i 
"a 
| 
; 
i 


g 
: 


3 


23 


a 
el 
ster 
Aah 
in 
i 


—b. quasi-dmpers. (passive 

_«direct obj. and infin. (subject). 

Cugicethes wagh ~ tome So was me 
nig nell Pat ober Soh ex daar 


| destaned to d Lbii + 4115 

|. To fix or set apart in intention for a particular 

purpose, wey end cous of action, ete. ; to design, 
tend, 


DESTINED. 


1530 Lo. Berners Arth, Lyt, Bryt. (1814) 408 mys | 


Godyfer dyd destyng hym selfe to come on Gouernar 
fast as he might ; but Hector met him fyrst, and. .ouerthrew 
him. 1541 R. Cortann Galyen's Terapentyke 2H ijb, 
Hunny must be medled in all medicamentes destined & 
ordeyned to the vicere*of the Thorax. 1658 Evetyn F7. 
Gard. (1675) 227 Some of these beds you must destine to be 
eaten young and green. 1707 Curios. in Hush. §& Gard. 31 
The little Hole .. towards the.. Extremity of the Bean, is 
destin’d for the Entrance of .. aqueous Parts. 1718 Lapy 
M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess of Bristol 10 Apr. The 
apartment destined for Audiences. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India IU, ii, 68 The time which was destined for re- 
bling the parl 1822 Scott Pirate xxiii, With 
how little security man can reckon upon the days which he 
destines to happiness. 1844 Lincarp AngloSax. Ch. (1858) 
II. xiv. 302 The ship destined to transport the missionaries. 

4. pass. To be destined: to be bound (for a par- 
ticular place): see DestINED Af/. a. 2b. 

Hence + De’stining v0/. sb. Obs. 

c1300 K, Adis. 6867 Of God hit was thy destenyng. cx 
Gaw. & Gol, 270 Dede be my destenyng. = ~~ 

Destine, obs. f. Destin, Destiny. 

Destined (de‘stind), 4/7. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED1.] 

1, Appointed or fixed by fate, or by a divine decree 
or purpose; foreordained, predetermined, fated. 
(Now often in weakened sense = ‘ that is (or was) 
to be’; cf. prec. 2.) 

1597 Suaxs. Lover's Compi. 156 But ah, who ever shunn’d 
by precedent The destined ill she must herself assay? 
1637 Mitton Lycidas 20 So may some gentle Muse With 
lucky words favour my destined urn. 1697 DrypEn Virg. 
ineid 1, Before he won the Latian realm, and built the 
destin'’d town. ¢1703 Prior Ode Col. G. Villiers 92 The 
infernal judge’s dreadful pow’r, From the dark urn shall 
throw thy lestin’d hour. x81r0 Scorr Lady of L. 1. xxiv, 
A destined errant Boight I come, Announced by prophet 
sooth and old. 1887 Bowen Virg. 4ineid 1. 145 When 
this burden of woe to its destined end will be brought. 

+b. ‘ Devoted’, doomed. Ods. 

a172r Haran’ tA May Heav’n around this destin’d head 
The choicest of its curses shed. | 

2. Fixed in human intention ; intended, designed: 
cf, prec. 3. : 

1661 BramHaLt Yust Vind. iv. 87 Their long destined 
peer. _ 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 58 P 1 To restore her to 

er destined Husband. 1754 DopsLey Agric. 11. (R.), To 
reach the destin’d goal. 

b. spec. Fixed or appointed to go toa particular 
destination ; =Bounp Afi. a.! 2. 

¢1790 Wittock Voy. 20[They] proceed to whatever ship 
they are destined. 1853 Puiturs Rivers Vorksh. ix. 239 
‘The troops destined for Britain, usually marched through 
Gaul. 1888 PalZ Mall G. 3 Apr. 13/2 There were some 
railway phrases then [1838-9] introduced .. You were asked 
the place to which you were ‘destined’, the place itself 
being your ‘destination’, 

Destinee (de:stinz), zonce-wd. [see -EE.] The 
person for whom something (as a message, etc.) is 
destined. 

1881 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 472 ‘ Meet me at half-past seven’ 
often reaches the destinee as ‘ Meet me at half-past eleven’. 

Destinee, destinie, obs. forms of Destiny. 

Destinezite (destinz-zait). A/ix. [Named 
1881 after M. Destinez: see -1TE.] A phosphate 
of iron, a variety of diadochite, from Visé in 
Belgium. 

1882 Dana Jin. App. iii. 36. 

Destinist (de'stinist), rave. [f. Destiny + 
-Ist.] A believer in destiny, a fatalist. So De's- 
tinism, belief in destiny, fatalism. (In mod. Dicts.) 

1846 Worcester, Destinist, a believer in destiny ; fatalist. 
Phren. Four. 

+Destinour. Os. [a. AFr. destinour, OF. 
destineor, ad. L., déstinator DESTINATOR.] He 
who destines ; the Author of destiny. 

cxgoo tr, Secreta Secret. (E.E.T.S.), Govt. Lordsch.65 Men 

hte wyth byse prayers bysek be heghe destynour. . pat he 
wille operwyse ordeyne. 

Destiny (de'stini), sd, Forms: 4 destine, 
-ene(6), -ane(e, 4-5 destyne, -ynie, -any(e, 
4-6 destenie,-enye, 4-7 -eny, 5 -inee, -ynee, 
-eyne, -enye, -ayne, disteyne, -yne, 5-6 des- 
tyny, -onie, -onye, 6-7 destinie, 6- destiny. 
[ME., a. OF. destinée (12th c.in Littré)=Pr. desti- 
nada, It. destinata, fem. sb. from L. pa. pple. dés- 
tindtus,-a: see -ADE suffix,] 

I. As a fact or condition. 

1. That which is destined or fated to happen ; 
predetermined events collectively; =FatTE 5d. 3a. 

1340-70 Alisaunder 1026 Hee shall bee doluen and ded 
as destenie falles. c1q25 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xiii. 134 And 
sua ware brokyn Destyne. ¢1440 Pronp. Parv, 120 Des- 
teyne, or happe.. fatum. 1717 tr. Leibnite in Clarke & 
Leibnitz Collect. Papers v. 165 ‘There is Fatum Christia- 
num, A certain destiny of every thing, regulated by the 
foreknowledge and providence of God. 1849 Wuirtier 
Voices of Freedom, Crisis x, ‘This day we fashion Destiny, 

_ our web of Fate we spin. Gee 
+b. A declaration or prognostication of what is 
fated to happen. Ods. rare. 

1602 Futpecke Pandectes 40 AEneas commeth into Italie 
to maintaine warre by destinies, and oracles. 

2. That which is destined to happen to a parti- 
cular person, country, institution, ete.; (one’s) 
appointed lot or fortune ; what one is destined to 
do or suffer; =Fare sd. 3b. 


259 


c1325 LE. EL. Allit. P. C. 49 3if me be dy3t a destyne due 
to haue. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Kut.'s 7. 250 If so be my destynee 
be shapen By eterne word to dyen in prisoun, c 1450 A/erlin 
582 On monday by goode distyne we shall meve alle to go 
towarde Clarence. 1548 Hatt Chron. 91 The common 
people lamented their miserable destiny. 1583 Stupsrs 
Anat, Abus. 1, (1882) 63 Oh, 1 was borne to it, it was my 
destonie. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. u. ix. 83 The ancient 
saying .. Hanging and wiuing goes by destinie. 1605 — 
Macb, 11. v. 17 Thither he Will come, to know his Destinie. 
1665 Six T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 63 The reward and destiny 
due to Traytors overtakes them, 1812 J. Witson /s/e of 
Palms 11. 586 Sublimely reconciled To meet and bear her 
destiny. 84x Miss Mirror in L’Estrange Zi/ ILI. viii. 
117 All literary people die overwrought; it is the destiny 
of the class. : 

3. In weakened sense (cf. DestINE v. 2): What 
in the course of events will become or has become 
of a person or thing; ultimate condition; =Farz 


sb, 4. (Also in AZ; cf. fortunes.) 

1585 Even Decades 58 The vnfortunate destenie of Petrus 
de Vmbria. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 77rav. (1677) 272 Jacob 
was murdered. .and Issuff died of an Imposthume. ‘Their 
Children also had little better destiny. 1716 Lapy M. W. 
Montacu Let. to Lady X— x Oct., They seem worthy of 
another destiny. 1855 H. Reep Lect. Lng. Hist. iv. 120 
That battle which settled the destiny of Saxon independence. 
1887 Bowen Virg. Aeneid i. 53 Troy’s strength broken, 
her destinies waning. 

IT. As an agency or agent. 

4. The power or agency by which, according to 
various systems of philosophy and popular belief, 
all events, or certain particular events, are unalter- 
ably predetermined; supernatural or divine pre- 
ordination ; overruling or invincible necessity ; = 
Fate sd, 1, (Often personified ; see also 5.) 

¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knut. 1752 How pat destine schulde bat 
day [dy3t] his wyrde. c1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 952 Dido, 
He..sayleth forth..Towarde Ytayle, as wolde destanee. 
1530 More Answ. Frith Wks. 839/2 Some ascribing all 
thyng to destyny without any power of mannes free wyll 
at all. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 19 It seemed that 
some furious destinie lead him headlong to his end. 1610 
Suaxs. Temp. 11. iii. 53 Three men of sinne, whom destiny 
That hath to instrument this lower world..the..Sea Hath 
caus'd to belch vp. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. tv. 58 Had his 
powerful Destiny ordaind Me sofhe inferiour Angel. 1791 
Cowper //iad xvutt. 678 The force Of ruthless Destiny. 1866 
G. Macponatp Ann. Q. Neighd. i. (1878) 1 That destiny 
which took form to the old pagans as a gray mist high 
above the heads of their gods. 1887 Bowen Virg. Eclogue 
iv, 46 ‘Ages blest, roll onward!’ the Sisters of Destiny 


cried. 

+b. With -possessive pronoun; The power or 
agency held to predetermine a particular person’s 
life or lot. Ods. 

c13a5 E£. E£. Addit. P. A. 757 My dere destyne Me ches to 
hys make al-ba3 vnmete. c1374 Cuaucer Axed. §& Arc. 339 
Thus holdithe me my destenye a wrechche. @ 1668 DeENHAM 
(J.), Had thy great destiny but given thee skill ‘To know, as 
well as pow’r to act her will. 

5. Mythol. The goddess of destiny ; A/. the three 
goddesses held, in Greek and Roman mythology, 
to determine the course of human life; the Fates: 
see FATE sd, 2. 

14.. Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 573/35 Cloto, on of 
thre shapsisterys ved shappystrys [veZ destynyes]. 1593 
Suaks, Rich. //, 1. ii. 15 Seuen faire branches.. Some .. 
dride by natures course, Some..by the destinies cut. 1623 
Liste A2/fric on O. & N. Test. Ded. 27,So charge the 
Destinies their spindle runne. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 
523 P7, I shall not allow the Destinies to have had an hand 
in the deaths of the several thousands who have been slain 
in the late war. 1814 SoutHEY Roderick xxi. 345 We, poor 
slaves..must drag The Car of Destiny, where’er she drives 
Inexorable and blind. - =— Wuewe t Hist. Induct. Se. 1. 
125 The adamantine distaff which Destiny holds. 

IIL. attrid. 


1552 Hutoet, Desteny readers or tellers, atidici. 


+ De'stiny, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb. Cf. to fate.] 
trans. To destine, foreordain, predetermine. 

1400 Test. Love 11. (1560) 298/x If in that manner bee 
said, God toforne have destenied both badde and her bad 
werkes. 1520 Carton’s Chron. Eng. 1. 10b/1 That lande is 
destenyed and ordeyned for you and for your people. 1592 
CuettLe Kinde-harts Dr. (1841) 58 Hidden treasure is by 
spirits possest, and they keepe it onely for them to whome 
it is destinied. 1652 J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nature's Para- 
dox 63 The high Providence of Heaven .. destinying me to 
misfortune, 

b. To devote to some fate by imprecation. 
a3450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 108 It is gret perille for 
fader and moder to curse her children ne forto destenie hem 
vnto any wicked thinge. : 
ec. To divine or prognosticate (what is destined 
to happen). (Cf. prec. 1 b.) 

1548 Hoover Declar. Ten Commandm. iv, Such as give 
faith unto..such as destinieth what shall happen..com- 
mitteth idolatry. 

+ Destiny’, 2//. a. Obs. rave. In 5 destyne, 
6 destany. fa. F. destiné, pa. pple. of destiner to 
DestineE.] Destined. 

©1474 Caxton 7voye 198 (Sommer 397) Shewyng hym by 
certayne signes that hit was deuce tick, poten bes shold 
make the Ce 1513 Dovcias Afneis vu. iii. 36 All haill, 
thou ground and land, quod he in hy, By the fatis vnto me 


destany. 

+ De'stitue, v. Ods. rave. Pa. t. destitut. 
[a. F. destituer to deprive (of something sustain- 
ing), ad. L. déstituére : see next and cf. ConstI- 


TUE.] ¢vans. To deprive. (In quot. ref.) 


DESTITUTE. 


¢1400 Destr. Troy 728 Soche a maiden to mar bat pe most 
louet..And dawly hir distitut [printed -ur] of hir dere fader. 

+ Desti'tuent, cz. Os. [ad. L. déstituent-em, 
pr. pple. of aéstitucre (see next).] Wanting, lacking. 

1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dudit. u. iii. Rule xi. § 15 When 
any condition. .is destituent or wanting, the duty it self falls. 

Destitute (de'stitivt), a. (and sd.) Also 5 
destitut, -tuyt, -tud, distytute, 6 destytude, 
distitute. [ad. L. déstztit-us abandoned, forsaken, 

na. pple. of déstztucre to forsake, abandon, desert, 

» De- I. 1, 2 + statudre to set up, place.] 

+1. Abandoned, forsaken, deserted. Ods. ‘ 

1382 Wycuir Nev. xviii. 17 For in oon hour so many 
richessis ben destitute [/g. destitute sunt]. 1480 Cax- 
ton Chron, Eng. ccxxvi. 233 Long large and wyde clothes 
destytut and desert from al old honeste and good vsage. 
1592 Nobody & Someb. (1878) 350 Great houses long since 
built Lye destitute and wast, because inhabited by Nobody. 
1593 Suaks. Lucy. 441 Left their round turrets destitute 
and pale. ’ f 

b. Of persons: Forsaken, left friendless or help- 
less, forlorn. (Blending at length with sense 3.) 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 757 If devision, and 
dissencion of their friendes, had not unarmed them, and left 
them destitute. 1530 Patscr. 310/1 Destytut forsaken, 
destitue, 1632 Suznwoop, ‘lo leaue destitute, destituer, 
abandonner en detresse. 1704 Cocker, Destitute, left 
forsaken. 1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey!, Destitute, deprived, 
bereaved, forsaken, forlorn. 1740 Dycne & Parvon, Desti- 
tute, helpless, forlorn, forsaken; in want and misery. 1755 
Jounson, Destitute..2. Abject, friendless. : 

+a. Deprived or bereft of (something for- 
merly possessed). Os. b. Devoid of, wanting or 
entirely lacking zx (something desirable). 

a. 1413 Pylg. Sowle w.xx. (Caxton, 1483) 67 ‘Thou art of 
comforte destytuyt Isee And soam }. Ocareful now ben we. 
14.. Why I can't be a Nun 97 in E. E. P. (1862) 140, 
Iam alle desolate, And of gode cownesayle destitute. 1455 
Dx. or York in Ellis Orig. Left. Ser. 11. I. 125 Ye stande 
destitut and unpourveyed of a Marshall within the town of 
Calyis. 1491-2 Plumpton Corr. 102, 1 am distytute of 
money. 

b. cx1g00 Lancelot 1178 Shortly to conclud, Our folk of 
help had ben al destitud. 1526-34 Tinpace Jas. ii. 15 If 
a brother or a sister be naked or destitute of dayly food. 
c1540 Borve (he boke for to Lerne A ijb, Not destytude 
of such commodyties. 1597 Moriey /utrod. Aus. Pref., 
‘To further the studies of them who .. are destitute of suffi- 
cient masters. 1608 Suaxs. Per. v.i.57 That..we may 
provision have Wherein we are not destitute for want, But 
weary for the staleness. 1682 Bunyan //oly IVar (Cassell) 
208 If you were not destitute of an honest heart you could 
not do as youhave done, 1718 /-reethinker No. 27 P 2 The 
Age we live in is not wholly destitute of Manly refined 
Spirits. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu A/orad 7, (1816) I. iv. 20 
A species of fashionable dialect, devoid of sense, and desti- 
tute of .. wit. 1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) III. 518 A barren 
waste destitute of trees and verdure. ; 

+e. Bereft of power fo do something. Ods. rare. 

1645 Mitton Tetvach. 60 If any therefore demand which 
is now most perfection .. I am not destitute to say, which is 
most perfection. ; 

8. Bereft of resources, resourceless, ‘in want and 
misery’; now, without the very necessaries of life 
or means of bare subsistence, in absolute want. 

The 16th c. quotations from the Bible have perhaps pro- 
perly the sense ‘forlorn’ (1b); but they appear to have led 
the way to the modern sense, which is not recognized by 
Johnson, and is only approached in other 18th c, Diction- 
aries. 

(1535 CoverDALe Ps. cii. 17 He turneth him vnto the 
prayer of the poore destitute [1611 He will regard the 
prayer of the destitute). 1539 Biste (Great) Hed. xi. 37 
Other .. walked vp and downe in shepes skynnes, and 
goates skynnes, beyng destitute [so 1611, other versions in 
need], troubled, and vexed.) 1740 Dycue & Parpvon [see 
tb}. 1784 Cowrer Task wv. 455 Did pity of their sufferings 
..tempt him into sin For their support, so destitute. 1813 
Sueciey Q. Maé ut. 35 The deep curses which the destitute 
Mutter in secret. 1832 Hr. Martineau Life tx Wilds viii. 
tor He had left his companions in a destitute state. 1838 
Lytron A/ice 6, I was then so poor and destitute, 1875 
Jowrrr Plato (ed. 2) III. 10r There is one class which has 
enormous wealth, the other is entirely destitute. JZod. 
Help for the destitute poor. E 

trausf. 1764 Reip Inquiry ii. § 6. 109 These ideas look 
pitifully naked and destitute. 

+4. Civil Law. Of awill: Rendered of no effect 
by reason of the. refusal or incapacity of the heirs 
therein instituted to take up the inheritance (¢es¢a- 
mentum destitutum); abandoned. Ods. 

1774 Br. Haturax Anal, Rom. Law (1795) 58 Ifa Testator 
we fon given freedom to slaves, and the Testament after- 
wards became destitute, the slaves lost their freedom. 

B. as 5d. One who is destitute, without friends, 
resources, or the means of subsistence. 

1737 P. St. Joun Sevm. 224(R.) O, my friends, have pity on 
this poor destitute, for the hand of God hath touched her. 
1784 Unfort. Sensibility 11. 12 Considering them as two 
poor destitutes. 1863 Fr. A. Kemsie Resid. in Georgia 7 
Ask the thousands of ragged destitutes. 

Destitute (de'stitivt), v. Nowvrare. Pa. t. 
-ed; in 6 sometimes destitute. [Partly f. Des- 
TITUTE @., partly taken as Eng. repr. of L. désti- 
tudre (ppl. stem déstitiit-) to put away from oneself, 
forsake, abandon: see prec. adj. Cf. F. destituer, 
ad. L. déstituére.] 

+1. trans. To forsake, desert, abandon, leave to 
neglect. Ods. 

1530 Patscr. 514/1, I destytute, I forsake or leave a thyng 
or persone, se destitue. 1550 Crowley Way to Wealth 362 

33* - 2 


DESTITUTELY. 


on the one side and destituted on the other. 
Bacon Ess., Plantations (Arb.) 534 It is the sinfullest 
Thing in the world, to forsake or desti a Pl. i 


260 


Coppen Speeches Left in a state of destitution. 1 
: Bremer’s Greece IL. xiv. $08 The Christina 


DESTROY. __ 
a Knut. de la Tour (1868) 43 Ye haue destroubled the 
“perithenes toe masse. 1474 Chesse 94 Auarice 


y would be 


once in Forwardnesse. 1673 Lady's Cadi. u. § 1 P 16. 62 
God, who permits not even the brutes to destitute their 
young ones, 

2. To deprive, bereave, divest of (anything pos- 
sessed) ; to render destitute, reduce to destitution. 

¢ 1540 Borve The boke to Lerne Aijb, Yfhe be destytuted of 
any of the pryncipalles. 1545 Jove £xf. Dan. y. (R.), So that 
the chirches and ciuile ministracion be not destituted lerned 
men at any tyme. ¢1g61 Veron Free-qwill 44 b, The mercye 
of God whereof they be al together destituted. 1605 Hirron 
Short Dial. 6: That which desti{tjuteth so great a number” 
of whole families. 1622 T. TayLor Comnz. Titus i. 11 Let 
it take any one part, and destitute it of heate and vitall 
spirits. 1820 SHetiey Let, to Godwin 7 Aug., I have given 
you the amount of a considerable fortune, and have Sesti- 
tuted myself. .of nearly four times the amount. 

3. spec. To deprive of dignity or office; to depose. 
[mod.F. destituer.] 

bigs arnt Chr. Concord 7o Where are the Cardinals 
and Bishops communicating with one excommunicated, 
instituted by one destituted? 1716 M. Davies A then. Brit. 
I. 131 Let not the Patriarch think .. to destitute or depose | 
me. 1889 B. M. Garpiner in Academy 16 Nov. 314/3 He | 
was destituted by the General Council of the Commune. 

4. To leave destitute or waste, to lay waste. 

1593 Nasne Christ’s 7. (1613) 40 By none shall the 
Sanctuary be defended, but those that wold haue none 
destitute or defloure it but themselues. 1890 A. Rimmer 
Summ, Rambles Manchester p. v, He would have thought 
that his country had been overrun by foreign foes and 
destituted, | 

+5. To make void, frustrate, defeat, disappoint. | 

crsso Bate K. Fohan (Camden) 100 Examples we have 
in Brute, In Catilyne, in Cassius, and fayer Absolon, Whome 
of their purpose God altvayes destytute. 1593 Nasne Foure 
Lett. Confut. 42 1f you haue anie new infringement to desti- 
tute the inditement of forgerie that I bring against you. 
ax619 Fotnersy Atheom, 1. ii. § 1 (1622) 8 Lest .. he be 
needlesly offended, when his expectation is destituted. 

Hence De'stituted f//. a., De-stituting v0/. si. 

1550 VERON Godly Saiyngs (1846) 139 He that seeth his 
brother or his syster naked or destituted of daylye fode. 
1580 Hoitysanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Destitution & delaisse- 
ment, Destituting or disappointing. 1587 FLeminc Contn. 
Holinshed V1. 1027/2 This monasterie for sundrie yeares | 
was left destituted. 1662 J. Barcrave Pope Alex. V/I (1867) 
95 He was a destituted young lad, out of all conversation. 

De'stitutely, adv. [f. Desrirutx a, + -Ly?.] 
In a destitute condition. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par.1 Tim. v. (R., She beyng 


destitutely lefte withoute comforte of husbande, of children. . 
of all the worldes solace. 


De'stituteness. [f. as prec.+-nEss.] The 
state or condition of being destitute. 

1657 GauLe Sapient. Justif. 70 The destituteness and 
desperateness of the Disease. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 
ul. vi. (1713) 107 The weakness and destituteness of the 
Infant. 1818 Bentuam CA, Eng. 19 Its utter destituteness 
of all warrant from Scripture. 1835 Greswe.t Parables 11. 
293 The child, in the literal sense of the word, is the emblem 
of weakness, destituteness, ignorance, imperfection. 

Destitution (destitiz fan). [a. F. destitution 
(1316 in Godef. Suppl.), ad. L. déstitition-em for- 
saking, abandoning, n. of action from déstitucre 
(see above) ; in Romanic usually a noun of con- 
dition. 

+1. The action of deserting or forsaking. Obs. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Destitution, a leaving or for- 
saking. 1678 Puicuirs, Destitution, an utter forsaking or 
deserting. 1727 Baier vol. II, Destitution, a leaving, or 
forsaking, an utter abandoning ; also, a being left, robles, ihe 
etc. 

2. Deprivation of office ; discharge; dismissal. 

1554 Act 1-2 Phil. & M. c. 8 § 33 The Institutions and 
Destitutions of and in Benefices and Promotions Ecclesi- 
astical. 1644 H. Leste Blessing of ¥udah 27 In Law, 
Institution and Destitution belong both to one. 1683 Firz- 
_ witiram in Lady Russell's Lett. vii. (1773) 8 Want of leisure 
occasioned by the destitution of a Curate by illness. 1864 
‘Trencu Parables 408 The man [the unjust steward] not so 
much as attempting a defence, his destitution [ed. 1886 
dismissal] follows. 

3. a. The condition of being abandoned or left 
helpless, of being yor sblaoe or bereft (of anything). 
b. The condition of wanting or being lacking Of 
or + 7# anything) ; want. 

a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 59 A certeyne woman. . 
was smyte with a Palsy .. And yn that destitucyoun of her 
lymmys duryd nat a litill tyme. 1594 Hooker cel. Pol. 1. 
x. (1611) 25 itution in these [food and clothing] is such 
an impediment. 1597 J. Payne Royal Exch, 12 Theire 
destitucion of zeale to Gods glorie. 1684 Firzwititam in 
Lady Russell's Lett. xii. (1773) 19 The destitution of his 
real self, will .. cause a stron, sense of your loss. 1737 
Battey vol. II [see 1]. @ 1768 Sterne Le??t, xci.(R.), Thy 
mother and thyself at a distance from me..what can com- 
pensate for such a destitution? 1790-1810 Compe Devil on 
Two Sticks (1817) 1V. 242 A destitution of all principle, 
h i , and feeling, Prescott ied Is. 
(1846) I. vii. 336 This. .does not necessarily mgd any desti- 
tution of just moral perceptions. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. 
xv. (1856) 116 ‘That .. destitution of points of comparison, 
which make[s} the pyramids so deceptive. 

4. spec. The condition of being destitute of re- 
sources ; want of the necessaries of life. 

1600 Hooker (J.), They. .are not left in pt destitu- 
tion, that justly any man should think the ordinary means 
of eternal life taken from them. 1659 Hammonp On Ps. 
xxv. 17 Paraphr. 142 My anxieties and destitutions daily 
increase. 1775 Asn, Destitution, want, poverty. 1849 | 


Thessal 

1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 62 He put an end to his life as 
the only means of escaping destitution. 

Destonie, -nye, obs. forms of Destiny. 

Destorb, destourb, obs. forms of Disturs. 

|| Destour, dastur (déstiivs). Also 7 dis- 
tore(e, distoore, destoor, dustoor. [Pers. ue 
dastir, prime minister, vizier :—Pahlavi jb 
dastobar, il minister, councillor of state, high 
priest of the Parsees.] A chief priest of the Parsees. 

1630 Lorp Banians & Persees viii. (Yule), Their Distoree 
or high priest. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. {1677) $5 The 
Distoore or Pope. .has thirteen [precepts]. yINGTON 
Voy. Surat 376 (Yule) The — Priest of the Persies is 
called Destoor, their ordinary Priests Daroos or Hurboods. 
1776 Gispon Decl. & F. (1836) VIII. 81 If the destour be 
satisfied, your soul will escape hell. x . RicHarpson 
Dissert. East. Nations 10 The wretched r! of a modern 
Parsi Destour. 1809 M. Granam Yr. (1812) (Yule), The 
Dustoor is the chief priest of his sect in Bombay. 1862 M. 
Hauc Ess. Sacr. Lang. Parsees 52 The Dustoors, as the 
spiritual guides of the Parsee community, should take a 
chief part in it. 1878 — obs of Parsees (ed. 2) 17 He 
bribed one of the most learned Dasturs, Dastur Darab, at 
Surat to procure him manuscripts and to instruct him in the 
Avesta and Pahlavi languages. 

Destourn, obs. form of DistTuRN v. 

Destrain, -ayn, -ein, etc., obs. ff. DISTRAIN v. 

Destraught, obs. f. DisrravGHT fa. pfple., dis- 
tracted. 


+ Destrayt. 0s. Also -te, -tte. [a. OF. 
destreit (-ait, -oit), mod.F. détrott ‘a strait, a 
narrow place or passage, a defile, a confined place’ 


| :-late pop. L. déstrict-um, from districtus tight, 
| strict, severe, pa. pple. of distringére to DISTRAIN : 


cf. Districr.] A narrow pass or defile. 

1481 Caxton Godfrey clxv. 244 The day after passed they 
by a moche sharp & aspre way, & after descended by a 
destrayt in to a playne. c1g00 Melusine \vii. 336 On the 
morne he passed the destraytte & mounted the mountaynes. 


+ Destre‘che, v. -Ods. rare—'. [app. irreg. f. 
De- pref.+ STRETCH v.: perh. after stroy, destroy, 
strain, destrain, etc.] intr. To stretch out, extend. 

1475 How wyse man taught Sone 30 in Q. Eliz. Acad. 53 
Als ferre as mesure wyll destreche. 

De'strer, de‘strier (ce‘stro1, -io1, destrie-1). 
arch, Also 4-5 destrere, 5 deistrere, dextrer(e, 
(9 dexter, 9 dextrier, destriére). [ME. destrer, 
a. AF. destrer =OF. destrier=Pr. destrier, It. de- 
striere, -ero:—late L. dextrari-us, in full eguus 
dextrarius, {. dextra right hand: so called from 
being led by the squire with his right hand.] 

A war-horse, a charger. 

a. in contemporary use. 

c1300 A. Alis. 801 The Knighttes hunteth after dere, On 
fote and on destrere. /bid. 4924 The quene may lede Twenty 
thousande maidens upon destrers. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 
2356 Sir Gii him smot to Gaier, And feld him doun of his 
destrer. ¢ 1330 R. Brunner Chron. (1810) 124 To ded pan gon 
he falle doun‘of his destrere. ¢ 2386 Cuaucer Sir Thopas 
202 By hym baiteth his dextrer [v.”. destrer, dester, deistrere, 
dextrere]. c1450 Loneticn Grai/ xiii. 87 Faste preking vp- 
pon a destrere. ¢1477 Caxton Jason gb, Two right fayr 
and excellent destriers or horses. c1g00 Melusine xix. 82 
Then descended Raymondin fro the destrer. 

B. historical or archaistic. (Chiefly in Fr. spelling.) 

1720 StrvVE Stow's Surv. (1754) I. u. ii. 354/1 So far into 
the Thames, as a horseman at low water, — upon his 
Destrier into the river could dart his lance from him. 1803 
S. Peace Anecd. Eng. at 287 Dexters seem to have 
been what we should call Chargers. 1820 Scorr /vanhoe 
xl, Some palfrey whose pace may be softer than that of my 
destrier, 1845 T. B. Suaw in Blackw, Mag. LVIILL. 146 
The Prince pricks along on his faithful destrere. 1848 J 
Saunpers Pict. Eng. Life, Chaucer 76 Th 


ie war horses 
were led by the squires, who always keeping them in their 
right hand, they were called dextriers. 1858 Morris Sir 
Galahad Poems 51 Needs must roll The proudest destrier 
sometimes in the dust. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
IIL. xii. 175 The knight on his destrier. 1894 A. Lane in 
Longm. Mag. June 214 The Maiden called for her great 
destrier, But he lashed like a fiend when the Maid drew near. 

Destreyn(e, obs. forms of DIsTRAIN. 

Destribute, obs. var. of DisTRIBUTE v. 

+ Destri-ction, Ods. rare—°. [app. f. DE-I.1 

+L, strictio binding, StRicTIon. 

1 Batey vol. 11, Destriction, a binding. 

trie, obs. form of DesrRoy v. 
+Destrigment, Obs. rare—°. _ [f. L. déstrin- 
gere to strip off, strigmentum that which is scraped 
or scratched ont : 

1727 Baitey vol. 11, Destrigment, that which is scraped 
or pulled of any thing. 

‘tion. Obs. rare. [?a. OF. destruision 
destruction, f. destruire to Destroy (cf. destrie).] 
Ravaging, ruin. 

14.. Childe of Bristowe 328 in Hazl. £. P. P.1. 123 Where 
his fader dud destrition to man or womman in any toun..he 
shal make aseth therfore, and his good ayen restore. 

Destroer, obs. form of DesTROYER. 

+ Destrow'ble, v. Obs. [a. OF. destroubler, 
detroubler (Godef.), f. des-, L. dis- + troubler to 
Trovsie. Cf. DisturB.e.] ¢rans, Totrouble; to 
make it troublesome for. 


(distroi’), v, Forms: 3-4 destrui-e(n, 
3-5 -Struy-e(n, -stru-e(n, (-stru, -striu), 4-5 
-stry(e, 4-6 -stroye, (5 -stro3ze, 6 -strowe), 6-7 
-stroie, 5~ destroy; also 4disstrie, 4-5 
distruy(e, -truie, -truy3e, -trojze, -trou, 4-6 dis- 
troy(e, 4-7 distroie, 5 distrie, distroi, 5-6 dys- 
troy(e, dis-, dystrow(e, -true, distrye. [ME. 
destruy-en, etc., a. OF . destrui-re (mod.F, détruire 
=Pr. and Sp. destruir, It. distruggere) :—late pop. 
L. *déstriigére, ppl. stem déstriict-, for cl. L. dés- 
truére, f. De- 1.6 + strudre to Pile up, construct.] 

1. ¢rans. To pull down or undo (that which has 
been built) ; to demolish, raze to the ground. 

1297, R. Giouc. (1724) 242 Edwyne. .di wyde aboute 
oe ra pag eet ner, and to grounde caste. 
a1300 Fall & Passion 85 in E. £. P. (1862) 15 He wolde 
destru temple an chirche. a@1300 Cursor M. 22348 (Cott.) 
Bath destrui pam tun and tur. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel. 
Wks. I. 25 Pi wallis al distried. c1g00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) v. 
15 Pare was. .a faire citee of Cristen men, but Sarzenes hase 
destruyd it. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. u. xxxvii. 157 The 
cite of rome shulde haue be dystroyed. 1513 BrapsHaw 
St. Werburge u. 694 This kyng entended by mortall enuy 
The cite of Chestre to spoyle and distrye. 1526-34 TinpaLe 
¥Fohn ii. 19 lesus answered and sayd vnto them, destroye 
this temple, and in thre dayes 1 will reare it agayne. 
1632 J. Havwarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 78 To undergoe the 
brunt of destroying Epicamido’s whole campe. 2 
tr. Yuan & Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) 11. 82 Another earthquake 
happened, by which several houses were destroyed. 

L Circus Wand. by Seine 237 The English dest 

(the monastery] and half a century afterwards rebuilt it. 
b. Said of the action of water in dissolving and 

demolishing or washing away. 

1632 Litucow 7rav. vil. 317 For the nature of violent 
streames. .[is to] destroy all that they debord upon. 

B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 67 Like a Torrent, whi 
carries away, and destroies all. 1760-72 tr. Yuan & Ulloa's 
Voy. (ed, 3) 1. 201 The rain utterly destroys all the trenches. 
1835 Cruise Digest (ed. 4) 1. 11. ii. § 24 If the banks of a 
river are destroyed by a sudden flood it is not waste. 

+ 2. To lay waste, ravage, make desolate. Obs. 

a 122g Ancr. R. 388 A lefdi..mid hire uoan biset al abuten, 
and hire lond al destrued. _c 1320 Sir Beues 2442 And al 
be contre, saun doute, Pai distruede hit al aboute. ie 4 
—-. Parv. 120 Destroyyn a cuntre (or feeldis P.), 
populor, depredo, devasto. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 202/1 
That same tyme attila destroyed Italye. = OWELL 
Lioyd’s Cambria 11 Destroied the province of er. 161% 
Biste Ezek. xxx. 11 The terrible of the nations shall be 
brought to destroy the land. 

+ b. To ruin (men), to undo in goo estate. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 376 He destrude pat volc, 
Pg tie of hem hi ee ty 1621 Botton Stat. Trel. 9 
(an. 25 Hen. VI) The rish enemies..destroy the common 
people by lodging upon them in the nights. 

3. To undo, break into useless pieces, or reduce 
into a useless form, consume, or dissolve (any 
material structure or object). (Now the leading 
sense.) 

¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 1120 Mi bodi destrud and leyd on 
bere. 1382 Wycttr Prov. xxi. 20 An vnj lent man schal 
distrie it. 1393 Lanou. P. PZ. C. 1. 212 For meny mannys 
malt we mys wolde distrye. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. 
E. India 245 That day we destroy’d about 1100 of their 
Skiffs, little and great. ¢1790 Wittock Voy. 154 Plunder- 
ing and destroying whatever they can lay hands on. 1798 
H. Sxrine Two Tours Wales 155 A fire, by which most 


of the old houses were 1828 Amater Reports 
(ed. 2) 1. 147 A deed which was in his bill to have 
been destroyed and lost by Roger. Gustarson Found. 
Death ii. (ed. 3) 25 All the ancient works on 


alchemy. .were ruthlessly destroyed by the Roman Emperor 
Diocletian. Bowan Vay. AE neid v. 700 The vessels of 
Troy. .are saved from flames that destroy. 


b. To render useless, to injure or il utterly. 
3543 Boorve Dyetary xi. (1870) ~ God fa inp a r 


115 Locustes whiche d 


Sane it. vir. 


etc., 
of . 


Edin, destriu, Gétt. distrou) pat halud was of ur lauerd iesu. 
«sas Prey ear Es for shal God destruen be on 
ie, @1340 Hamroce 7s: 40 When antecrist is dis- 
troid all goed sall regne. ¢1385 Cuaucer L.G. Wx 18 Dido, 
These lordis..Wele me distroyen on! Soc pouee one 
Wanrkw. Chron. 20 The Bastarde .. pemes to have 
distruyt Kynge Edwarde. CovERDALE WEP. 26, 
this dragon s' or . @1547 
in Laneham's Lett. (Pref, 1871) 130 Haue youe une 


any contagius drynke to your chyld. 

SL. o. Mepis Var. E. Ind. 291 Rat-Catchers .. destroy 

the Rats and Mice as much as any Cats would. 1712 

Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 111. 368 Of whose Lora 
made mention. 1726 A 


ing himself I have du. C ° 

Boyle 131, 1 was .. going to destroy m: .in ht 

of my 1794 Sutuvan View Nat. 252A 

in Fri covered the whole coasts, and destroyed tl 
test of the inhabitants. 1839 T. Beare Hist. 

Shares hale 160 Those young bulls ., are perhaps the 


DESTROY. 


most difficult to destroy. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid 1. 1 
It had pleased the Immortals .. to destroy Priam’s innocent 
people. , 

5. To bring to nought, put an end to; to doaway 
with, annihilate (any institution, condition, state, 
quality, or thing immaterial). 

a1300 Cursor M. 25239 (Cott.) Destru [v.77 destruy, 
destroy] pou lauerd ! wit pouste pin pe mightes o pis wiber- 
win. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4453 Pan sal he destroye 
cristen lawe. _ Wycutr Prov. xxi. 22 [They] destro3ide 
[1388 distriede] the strengthe of the trost of it. ¢ 1400 Destr. 
Troy 13240 All hir note of ignosenosy naitly distroyet. 
1535 CovERDALE ¥oé xiv. 18 So destroyest thou the hope of 
man. 1612 Wesster Dutchesse of Malf w. ii, So pity 
would destroy pity. 1714 Mrs. Centurvre Wonder wv. 1, 
One tender word destroys a lover's rage. 1752 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 193 ® 9 Every other enjoyment malice may 
destroy. 1833 L. Rircuie Wand. by Loire 17 To wait .. 
would destroy the little chance we appeared to have. 1841-4 
Emerson £Ess., Intellect Wks. (Bohn) I. 143 Silence is a 
solvent that destroys personality. 1893 Law Times XCIV. 
603/2 He..had been heard to express a determination to 
destroy his life. ve ; 

+b. Math. To cancel, eliminate, cause to disap- 


pear. Obs. 

1706 W. Jones Syx. Palmar. Matheseos 130 Aftér the same 
manner any other Term in this. . Equation may be destroyed. 
1763 W. Emerson Aeth. Increments 123, 2 series, where all 
the terms destroy one another except the first. 

ec. Law. To nullify, invalidate, do away with. 

1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 353 A person who has only 
a trust estate, cannot..destroy a contingent remainder ex- 
pectant on his estate, /did, V. 217 A power collateral to 
the land..cannot be barred or destroyed by a fine levied 
[etc.]. 1892 GoopEve Pers. Property (ed. 2) 361 The statutes 
above cited do not destroy the right. 

6. To counteract or neutralize the effect of; to 
render of no avail. 

1729. Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 110 These contrary 
eotine. 30 not necessarily destroy each other. 1759 W. 

ILtLary Diseases Barbados 181 If they are of opposite and 
contrary Natures, they must at best only destroy each 
other. 1760-72 tr. Yuan §& Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) I. 61 The 
medicine has destroyed the malignity of the poison. 1860 
Tynpatt Glac, u. vi. 253 A red glass..is red because .. it 
destroys the shorter waves which produce the other colours. 

+7. Zo destroy into or to (reproducing perdere in 
gehennam of Vulgate): to consign or give over to 
perdition in. Ods. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Wes. (1880) 265 It is grett meruaile pat god 
..distroiep not alle bis cursed peple to helle. 1526-34 
Tinvace Matt. x. 28 Which is able to destroye both soule 
and body into hell. [So Coverp., Cranm., Rhemish ; Wyciir 
lese in to; Geneva & x611 in.] 

Hence Destroyed (déstroid) ff/. a., despoiled ; 
ravaged; slain; ruined; reduced to a useless 
condition. 

1440 Promp, Parv. 123 Destroyyde, destructus, dissipa- 


tus. 1634 Sin T. Hersert Trav. 76 Being a Lady of | 


faithfull memory to her destroyed husband. 1640 (¢/¢/e), 
England’s Petition to their King; an Humble Petition of 
the distressed and almost destroyed subjects of England. 
r80r G. S. Faser Hore Mos. (1818) I. 82 The destroyed 
book of the Sibyl. 1821 SHettey //ed/as 494 One cry from 
the destroy’d and the destroyer Rose. 


+ Destroy’, sd. Obs. rare —}. 
[f Destroy v.] Destruction. 


1616 Lane Cont. Sgr.’s T. 1x. 476 The sweete boy, wail- 
inge most rufullie his frendes distroie. 

Destroyable (déstroiab’l), a. [f. Desrroy v. 
+-ABLE.] Capable of being destroyed. 

1ssz Hutoet, Destroyable, or able to be destroyed, de- 
structilis. 1654 Futter Two Serm. 41 Foundations of 
Religion destroyed (so farre-forth as they are destroyable). 
1678 CupwortH /xted/, Syst. 1. ii. § ix. 70 The Accidents 
themselves..are all makeable and destroyable. 185: Rus- 
xy Mod. Paint. Il. m1. 1. iv. §9 Destroyable only by the 
same..process of association by which it was created. 


Destroyer (d’stroia1). Also 4-5 destrier. 
distriere, 5 distruyere, destroer. [f. Destroy 
v. + -ER; prob. orig. a. OF. destruiere, -cor, -eour, 
f. destrut-re to DestRoy.] A person or thing that 


destroys. 

1382 Wycuir Rev. ix. 11 Appolion, and by Latyn hauynge 
the name Destrier [1388 ean 1398 Taare Barth, 
De P, R. 11. xix. (1495) 45 Also the fende hyghte Appolyon 
in Grewe, A destroyer. c1410 Hymn Vire. v. in Warton 
Hist. ne & Poetry x, Heyl distruyere of everi strisse. 
+483 Cath. Angl. 98/1 A Destroer, vdi a waster. cx 
Pol. Rel. & L. Poents (1866) 30 Covetyse is distroyer of 
hym selfe. 1535 CoverpaLe 1 Chron, xxi. 15 The Lorde 
.. sayde vnto the angell y® destroyer: It is ynough, holde 
now thy hande. 1630 in Descr. Thames (1758) 65 They are 
..great Destroyers of Barbels, and other Kind of Fish. 1667 
Mitton P. L. x1. 697 Great Conquerors. . Destroyers right- 
lier call’d and Plagues of men. 1795 Soutuey Yoan of Arc 
x. 54 Were it acrime if thy more orig force Destroy'd 
the fell destroyer? 1807 Med. Frn/. XVI. 102 A neutralizer 
or destroyer of contagion. 1894 Daily News 11 June 6/5 
The torpedo-boat destroyer built by the same firm last year 
for the Admiralty..This type of boiler .. is being put into 
most of the ‘destroyers’ which are being built for the 
Government. 

+ Destroy'eress. O¢s. rare. [f. prec. +-Ess.] 
A female destroyer. - 

1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme’s Rem. Wks., Catal. Extant 
Works No. 4 The Turba or Destroyeresse of the Image. 


i g (déstroi‘in), vd/. sd. [f. Destroy 
v.+-ING1.] The action of the verb DestRoy; Dr- 
STRUCTION : now chiefly gerundial. 


¢ 1300 K. Adis. 2888 Never siththe that destroying N’as in 
Thebes wonying. ¢1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 322 To telle 


In 7 distroie. 


261 


hasty destriyng of hem. c1400 Afol. Loll. 69 Forsob if he 
lay doun suerd .. he opunib distroyingis. 1659 
B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 138 They..consented to the 
destroying down of the fair Gardens about the Town, to 
begin the Fortifications. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 129 For 
onely in destroying I find ease To my relentless thoughts. 
1805 Lp. Cottincwoop in A. Duncan Ne/son (1806) 271, 
I determined no longer to delay the destroying them. 


rigid dlp. ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That destroys, destructive. 

1535 CoverpaLe Ezek. xxi. 8 The destroyenge staff of my 
sonne, shal bringe downe all wodde, 1728 R. Morris ss. 
Aunc. Archit. 21 Novelty and Singleness were as destroying 
..to Art, as..Barbarism. 1781 Gipson Decdé. § /*. 11.92 To 
oppose the inroad of this destroying host. 1814 SourHey 
Roderick xxv, Replete with power he is, and terrible, Like 
some destroying Angel! 1894 Lp. WotLseLey Lzfe of 
Marlborough 11. xci. 437 Soul-and-body-destroying de- 
bauchery. 

Destroy'ingly, adv. 
a destroyer, destructively. 
1821 SHELLEY Prometh, Und,1. i.781 Tho’ Ruin now Love's 
shadow be, Following him destroyingly. 1869 Daily News 
23 Jan., Dire forms of disease which occasionally sweep 
destroyingly over our towns. 

+ Destruct, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. déstruct- 
ppl. stem of déstrucre to Destroy: cf. constrct.] 
= Destroy. 

@1638 Meve Paraphr. 2 Pet. iii, (1642) 12 Either wholly 
destructed, or marvellously corrupted from that they were 
before. [So ed. 23 ed. 3 (1653) destroyed.) 

Destru'ctant, 52. rare. [irreg. f. L. déstruct- 
(see prec.) +-ANT.] A destroyer, a destroying agent. 

1889 ‘I’. D. Tatmace in The Voice (N. Y.) 25 July, There 
is such a thing as pretending to be ex raffort with others, 
when we are their dire destructants. 

+ Destru'ctful, c. [f. L. déstruct- (see prec.) 
+-FUL.] = DEsTRUCTIVE. 

1659 Sprat Plague of Athens (1667) 2 We fear A dangerous 
and destructful War. /éd. 10 The circulation from the 
heart, Was most destructful now. 


[f. prec. + -Ly2.] As 


Destructibility. [f. next: see -1ry.] The 
quality of being destructible ; capability of being 
destroyed. 


1730-6 Baiey (folio\, Destructibility, a capableness of being 
destroyed. 1805 Hatcuetr in PAil. Trans. XCV. 309 ‘The 
varieties of tannin do not accord in the degree of destructi- 
bility. 184 Trimmer Pract. Geol. 257 The greater destructi- 
bility of the absent tribes by long immersion in water. 

Destructible (distraktib’l), a [ad. L. d- 
structibilis, f. d&truct- ppl. stem of déstrucre to 
Destroy: see-BLE.] Capable of being destroyed ; 
liable to be destroyed. 

1755 JoHNSON, Destructible liable to destruction. 1768-74 
Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 667 Simple substances, not con- 
sisting of parts, nor destructible by all the powers of 
nature. 1783 PriestLey in Phil. Trans. LX XIII 412 Wood, 
or charcoal, is even perfectly destructible, that is, resolvable 
into inflammable air. 1871 TynpaLi /’ragi. Sc. (1879) I. 
xx. 483 Forces are convertible but not destructible. 1878 
Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 107 Destructible things, like eggs, 
skins, etc., are always rising or falling in value. 

Hence Destru‘ctibleness, destructibility. 

1846 in WorcEsTER. 

+ Destrurctify, v. rare. [f. L. déstruct-us de- 
stroyed+-Fy.] rans. To reduce to destruction. 

1841 Fraser's Jiag. XXIV. 289 Enough to contaminate, 
poison, degrade, and destructify the whole race. a 

+ Destrucctile, a. rare—°. [ad. L. déstructilis, 
f. déstruct- ppl. stem : see -ILE.] = DESTRUCTIBLE. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Destructive, that which may be 
destroy’d. ‘ 

Destruction (déstrakfon). 
struccioun, (5 -uxion;-tyoun ; 4-6 dis-, 5 dys-. 
[a. OF. destructiun (12th c.), -céon, -tion (mod.F. 
dé-) = Pr. destruccio, Sp. destruccion, It. distruzione, 
ad. L. déstruction-em, n. of action from déstrudcre 
to Destroy.] The action of destroying; the fact 


or condition of being destroyed: the opposite of | 


construction. 

1. The action of demolishing a building or struc- 
ture of any kind, of pulling to pieces, reducing to 
fragments, undoing, wasting, rendering useless, 
putting an end to, or doing away with anything 
material or immaterial ; demolition. 

1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4049 Aftir be destruccion sal be 
Orfewapyes of Rome.. ¢1386 Cuaucer Maz of Law's 7. 
138 In destruccioun of mawmetrye And in encresse of Cristes 
lawe deere, They ben acordid. c1g400 Maunprv. (Roxb.) 
xvi. 74 He asked pe destruccioun and be vndoyng of his 
order. 1481 Caxton J/yrr. 11. xi. 158 That after the first 
destruxion of the world ther shold be other peple. 1520 
Caxton's Chron. Eng. 1. 19/@ He prophecyed the dys- 
trucyon of Jerusalem. 1553 EpEN 7 reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 
13 marg., The destruction of the citie of Aden. 1604 
Suaks. Ofh. 1, iii. 177 If she confesse that she was halfe 
the wooer, Destruction on my head, if my bad blame Light 
on the man. 165: Hospes Leviath. 11. xxxvii. 233 There 
should be no more an universall destruction of the world by 
Water. 1736 Butter Amal. 1. i. Wks. 1874 I. 28 There is 
no pr ption .. that the dissolution of the body is the de- 
struction of our present reflecting powers. 1813 T. Forster 
Altmosph. Phenom. (1815) 3 Theory of the formation and 
destruction of clouds. 1875 Hamerton /xtel/. Life 1. iv. 24 
The work of repairing so great a destruction of muscle. 

b. The action of ravaging or laying waste ; 
havoc, ruin. Ods. (as distinct from the main sense.) 
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 202 Destruction he makes 
of rentes and feez. c1q400 Ywaine § Gaw. 416 He .. said, 


Also 4-5 de-- 


DESTRUCTIVE. 


i had, ogayne resowne, Done him grete destrucciowne. 1480 
Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxxiv. 114 He did grete destruction 
toholy chirche. c1§00 Lancelot 1283 Of his realme the opin 
distruccioune. ‘ 

ce. The action of putting to death, slaughter ; 
now chiefly said of multitudes of men or animals, 
and of noxious creatures. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 4 The destruccyon of 
Pharao & all his hoost. x79 Mrs. RapciirFe Row. 
Forest ix, I looked round for the instrument of destruction. 
1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Snodgrass bore under his [cloak] 
the instruments of destruction. Zod. Rewards for the 
destruction of beasts of prey. 

d. personified. 

1535 CoverDALE Yo xxviii. 20 Destruccion [WyctIF per- 
dicioun] & death saie, we haue herde tell of her with oure 
eares. 1595 SHaks. Yoh vy. vii. 77 'To push destruction and 
perpetuall shame, Out of the weake door of our fainting 
Land. 1810 Scotr Lady of L. mt. xi, Quench thou his 
light, Destruction dark! 

2. The fact, condition, or state of being destroyed; 


ruin. 

c1314 Guy Warw, (A.) 6077 Wende we wille to be douk 
Otoun, And bring him to destruccioun. 1375 Barbour 
Bruce 1. 204 Yo put hym to destruagfne. a1450 Ant. 
de la Tour (1868) 6 She thanked God humbly that had 
kepte her from shame and distruccion. 1535 CovERDALE 
Prov. x. 14 Y* mouth of y* foolish is nye destruccion. 
1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 137 All this mighty Host In horrible 
destruction laid thus low. 184r Lane Avad. Nts. I. g1 
When the Prince heard their words, he felt assured of de- 
struction. 

3. A cause or means of destruction. 

1526 Dr. Macnus Lett. to Jas. V., 13 Feb. The Arme- 
strongges.. had avaunted thaymselves to be the destruction 
of twoe & fifty parisshe churches. 1548 Hatt Chron. 99 b, 
Not forseyng before, that this preferment should be his de- 
struccion. 1611 Biste Pyov. x. 15 The destruction of the 
poore is their pouertie. 1798 CANNING, etc. Loves of Tri- 
angles in Anti-¥acobin 7 May (1852) 126 Watch the bright 
destruction as it flies. 1833 Ht. Martineau Fx Wines 
& Pol. iv. 58 The deplorable mistake which was likely to 
prove the destruction of the whole family. 

4+ 4. pl.=Ruins. Obs. rare. 

1585 I. WasHINGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1 xxi. 26b, 
Neere that are the destructions of a high tower, which in 
times past was..the great temple. 


+ Destru‘ctionable, ¢. Ovs. rare. [f. prec. 
+ -ABLE in active sense.] Addicted to destruc- 


tion, destructive. 

c1575 tr. H. Nicholas’ First Exhort. (1656) 228 Possest 
of the seven horriblest and destructionablest devils. 1660 
H. More Mystery of Godliness 269 Intimating that the 
rest of the Vices are Devils also, but not so destructionable. 

+ Destructioner. 00s. rave. [f. as prec. + 
-ER!,] One that causes destruction or ruin; a de- 
stroyer. 

r6zr Botton Stat. [rel, 10 (an. 25 Hen, VI) Destruc- 
tioners of the King our Souveraigne Lords liege people. 

Destructionist (distrakfonist). [f. as prec. 
+-Ist.] ; 

1. An advoeate or partisan of a policy of destruc- 
tion, esp. that of an existing political system or 
constitution. (Chiefly dyslogistic. ) 

1841 Blackw. Mag. L. 407 The intestine warfare between 
the Destructionist and the Conservative. 1845 1. W. Coir 
Puritanisne 64 Church-breakers : ecclesiastical destruction- 
ists of the straitest sect. 1888 R. Dow ine Aliracle Gold 
II. xix. 107 A regular out-and-out Fire-eater, Iconoclast, 
Destructionist. ; : 

2. Theol. One who believes in the final destruc- 
tion or annihilation of the wicked; an annihila- 
tionist. : 

1807 SoutnEy Esfriella'’s Letters U1. 28 Universalists, 
Calvanists, Materialists, Destructionists, Brownists [etc.]. 


Destructive (déstryktiv), a. and sé. [a. OF. 
destructtf, -tve (1372 in Hatzf.) ; = Pr. destructiv, 
Sp. destructivo, It. distruttivo, ad. L. déstructiv-us, 
f. déstruct- ppl. stem ot déstrucre to DESTROY: see 
-IVE.] ; 

A. adj. Having the quality of destroying ; tend- 
ing to destroy, put an end to, or completely spoil; 
pernicious, deadly, annihilative. Const. ¢o, of. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos vi. 22 In all destructyue of theyr 
personis, honoures, goodes, and chyuaunches. 1555 EDEN 
Decades 265 One of these two... shulde be destructiue to 
lyuynge creatures. 1647 CLARENDON //ist?, Reb. 1. (1843) 28/2 
Unpolitic, and even destructive tothe services intended, 1651 
Hoses Leviath. 1. xiv. 64 A man is forbidden to do, that, 
which is destructive of his life. 165: Baxter /uf. Baft. 
318 The Apostle’s sence is not the same with yours (but de- 
Structive to it) x7z2 STEELE Sfect. No. 466 P 7 Vice is in 
itself destructive of Pleasure. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 
163 P2 Destructive to happiness. 1794 Soutney Wat Tyler 
1, These destructive tyrants Shall shrink before your ven- 

eance. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, First Visit to Eng. 

Wks. (Bohn) II. x The conditions of literary success are 
almost destructive of the best social power. 1875 KinGLake 
Crimea (ed. 6) V. i. 252 A rapid advance .. under destructive 
fire. 1882 Daily Tel. 1 ay, Palmer's bowling proved 
extremely destructive, and he took no less than eight wickets. 


b. In political and philosophical use, opposed 


to constructive and conservative. ‘ 

1834 Oxf. Univ. Mag. 1. 108 The two distinct lines of 
conservative and destructive policy. ir a Emerson Ess., 
Politics Wks. (Bohn) I. 241 The spirit of our American 
radicalism is destructive and aimless. 1861 F. Hatt in 
Yournal Asiatic Soc. Bengal 148 After so much destructive 
Criticism, to have little of instantly helpful truth to sub- 
stitute in the room of what has been swept away. | 1 
J. Martineau £ss. I. 36 His position, therefore, is simply 


DESTRUCTIVELY. 


destructive. 1878 Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. Carlyle 198 
Most of us would probably find the importance of this 
epoch in its destructive contribution, ~ 

ec. Chem. Destructive distillation: see quots. 
—— T. P. Jones Convers. Chem. xxviii. 281 When organ- 
i ib are d posed at a red heat in close vessels, 
the process is called destructive distillation. 1854 Ronaps 
& Ricuarpson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1. 284 Distillation may 
involve the d iti af Ye i heated, and the 

d ion of t! d of d 


P ition, when it is 
termed destructive distillation. : 

d. Logic. Applied to conjunctive (or, as they 
are sometimes called, conditional) syllogisms and 
dilemmas, in which the conclusion negatives a 
a sry in one of the premisses. 

us: If Ais B, Cis D; Cis not D,.. Ais not B. IfA 
is B, C is D, and if E is F, G is H; but either Cis not D or 
G is not H, .. either Ais not B, or E is not F. 

1827 Wuatety Logic 11. iv. § 7 (L.) In a destructive sorites, 
you go back from the denial of the last consequent to the 
denial of the first antecedent : ‘G is not H; therefore A is 
not B.’ 

B. sb. : 

1. A destructiye agent, instrument, or, force; 
a destructive pabontioa or syllogism. 

1640 E. Dacres tr. Machiavelli's Prince Ep. Ded., Poysons 
..as destructives of Nature .. are utterly to be abhord. 
1644 Be. Maxwe.t Prerog. Chr. Kings Ded. 3 It hath been 
a preparatorie destructive to Royaltie. 1646 Burd. Issach. 
in Phenix (1703) I1. 299 Their confession of Faith. .is more 
in Negatives and Destructives, than Affirmatives and Posi- 
tives. 1674 Penn Fust Kebuke g Giving, for Antidotes, De- 
structives to the Souls of Men. 1827 Wuatetey Logic 
u. iv. (1836) 118 Which is evidently a simple Destructive. 
1856 Chamb. Frni. VI. 56 The grand destructives of nature 
are the winds and the waves. 

2. A person whose theory or practice tends to 
overthrow existing institutions or systems. (Chiefly 
dyslogistic.) 

1832 Examiner 7836/1 The Radicals (or Destructives, as you 
are pleased to describe them). 1871 Morvey /ol/aire (1886) 
4 To the critic of the schools, ever ready with compendious 
label, he is the revolutionary destructive. 

Destru'ctively, «. [f. prec. + -ty2.] Ina 
destructive manner. 

1661 Grand Debate 122 Which lookt upon our hopes of 
Reformation, almost as destructively as the Papists Doctrine 
of Infallibility doth. 1665 ManLeyGrotius’ Low C. Warres 
255 The French Wars raged destructively, both at Sea and 
Land. a1714 M Henry JVs. (1835) 1. 37 Nothing really 
and destructively evil. Zod. Fluoric acid acts destructively 
upon glass. 


Destru'ctiveness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being destructive; tendency to 
destroy. 


1647 SALTMARSH Sfark. Glory (1847) 195 Far from bearing 
witness to any destructiveness or persecution of them. 1738 
Warsurton Div. Legat. 1. 35 The Destructiveness of 
Atheism to Society. 1 Soutuey Yoan of Arc vu. 179 
A weapon for its sure destructiveness Abominated once. 
1869 Echo 30 Oct., An epidemic fever unparalleled for de- 


structiveness. 1875 KinGcLaKe Crimea (1877) V. i. 335 
The .. rashness, or rather self-destructiveness of the 
charge. 


b. Phrenol. The name of a faculty or propensity 
having a bump or ‘ organ’ allotted to it. 

1815 Edin. Rev. XXV. 235 To the Order of Feelings .. 
belong the following species .. 6. Destructiveness. 1 
Compe Constit. Man ii. § 5 Destructiveness serves also to 
give weight to indignation. ax187§ Kinsey in Four C. 


Eng. Lett. 568 These same organs of destructiveness and | 


combativeness. 

Destru'ctless, ¢. rare. [f. L. destruct- ppl. 
stem (see above) + -LESS.] Indestructible. 

1845 T. B. Suaw in Blackw. Mag. LVIII. 32 The bond.. 
is fair and true! Destructless as the soul, and as eternal, 

Destructor (diéstry kta), [a. L. destructor 
destroyer, agent-noun from déstruére to DESTROY. 
In F. destructeur (1420 in Hatzf.).] 

1. A destroyer; one who destroys. 

ax691 BovLe Ws. I. 527 (R.) Helmont does somewhere 
wittily call the fire the destructor and the artificial death of 
things. 1882-3 Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 11. 1212 A 
decree ordered. .all destroyed [temples] to be rebuilt at the 
cost of the destructors. 

2. A furnace or crematory for the burning of 
refuse. Also attrib. 

1881 Scribner's Mag. XXII. 799 To dispose of the refuse 
in a quick and cleanly » a small cr , or de- 
structor, has been introduced, 1885 L'fool Daily Post 

May 4/8 The abattoir will be a greater nuisance in Green- 

ne than the refuse destructor. 1891 Daily News 16 July 
4/4 Responsible for the working of the dust destructors. 
1892 Pall Mail G. 4 Oct. 2/1 One hundred tons are extracted 
per week and burned in a destructor furnace, 


i. Deatey'otory, a.andsb, Obs. [f, L. type 


*destructori-us, {, déstructor; see prec. and -oRryY.] 
A. adj. Of the nature of a destroyer; = Dr- 
STRUCTIVE, 
1614 Br. Anprewes Serm. on Prov. sorly. azag TV. (3853) 


Gs It is destructory, a destroying sin. 1627 URTON 
‘aiting of Pope's Bull x3 So destructory of that most 


pr , and pe 16.. Sw NE S/ 
(1686) 228 Which impediment .. is not only prohibitory, but 
destructory. 

B. sb. =DEsTRUCTIVE 5). 


ax6ar S. Wanrv Life Faith (1627) 
School ph J eae § Posti rosaries, de- 


structories, ‘Anthologies. Br. Maxwett Prerog. Chr. 
Kings viii. 94 You have point blanke the contrary, a virtuall 
destructory of this imagined and conceited right. 


_99 Subtilties of 


262 


Destru‘cturalize, v. [Dz- II. 1.] “vans. To 
undo the structural character of; to disorganize. 
Hence Destructuralization. 


1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. 1. A literal destruction (i. e. 
de-structuralization), an utter final disorganization. 


Destrust, -turb, -turble, obs. ff. Disrrusz, etc, 
+ Destuted, fa. pple. Obs. rare. [perh. a cor- 
rupt form 6f destituted, {. L. destituére, which had 
the sense ‘to neglect, omit’. But the verb Desti- 
TUTE is not known till much later.] Omitted, left 


out. 
c1300 K. Adis. 2199 This batail destuted is, In the or 


wel y-wis, Therfor I have, hit to calour, Bosowed of 
Latyn autour How hent the gentil knyghtis. 

Destyne, var. of Destiny fl. a. Obs. 

Destyne, -nie, -ny, obs. ff. Destine, DESTINY. 

Desubstantiate (disvbstanjije't), v. [f Dr- 
II. 1+. substantia SUBSTANCE + -ATE: after seb- 
stantiate.] trans. To deprive of substance. 

1884 Mrs. H. Warp tr. Amtel's JYrni. (1891) 255 The 
mind is not only unclothed but stripped of itself and so to 
speak de-substantiated. 

+ Desu‘bulate, v. Ods. rare—°. [f. L. déstbu- 


| dire to bore in deeply, f. De- I. 3 + si#bu/a an awl.) 


1623 Cockeram, Desudu/late, to pierce with a nale. 


Desudation (disizdé'-fan). Med. [ad. L. ae- 


. sudation-em violent sweating, n. of action from 


déstidare to sweat greatly, f. DE- 3 + siédare to 
sweat. So in mod.F. (Littré.).] 

1727-51 in CuamBers Cyc/. 1857 Duncuison Med. Lexicon 
2 Doadaion means a profuse and inordinate sweating, 
a muck sweat. 

+ Desu‘datory. Os. rare—°. [f. L. type *dé- 
siidatorium, {, déstidare: see prec. and -oryY. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Desudatory, an hot House or Bagnio. 

+ Desuerte, a. Obs.rare—°, [ad. L. désuét-us 
pa. pple. : see next.] 

1727 Baiwey vol. II, Desuete, out of use. 

Desnetude (de'switivd). [a. F. désudtude 
(1596 in Hatzf.), ad. L. désuétido disuse, f. désuét- 
us, pa. pple. of désuéscére to disuse, become unac- 


customed, f. DE- 6 + suéscére to be accustomed, to 


(1635) 131 A 


be wont.] 

+1. A discontinuance of the use or practice (of 
anything) ; disuse; + protracted cessation from. 
1623 Cocxrram, Desuetude, lacke of vse. 1629 tr. Herodian 
enerall lazinesse and desuetude of Martiall 
Exercises. 1652-62 Hevutn Cosmogr., To Rdr., My de- 
suetude from those younger studies. 1661 Boyte Style 
of Script. (1675) 139 By a desuetude and neglect of it. 
1677 Hare Prim. Orig Man. 1. iv. 160 Desuetude from 
their former Civility and Knowledge. 1706 
Account of Chapter (1853) Pref. xv, By a 
acting, expire, and be buried in oblivion. 

b. The passing into a state of disuse. 

18ar Lams Elia Ser. 1. New Year's Eve, The gradual 
desuetude of old observances. ; 

2. The condition or state into which anything 
falls when one ceases to use or practise it; the 
state of disuse. 


i: SERGEANT 
lesuetude of 


1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 14 To revive acts buried | 
and brought in[=into] desuetude by Prelats. 1678 R. Bar- | 


ciay Apol. Quakers x. § 22. 315 The weighty Truths of God 
were neglected, and, as it were, went into Desuetude, 1703 
Lond. Gaz. No. 3914/4 Reviving such {Laws) as are in 
desuetude. 1820 Scort Afonast. i, The same mode of culti- 
vation is not yet entirely in desuetude in some distant parts 
of North Britain. 1826 Q. Rev. XXXIV. 6 This beautiful 
work .. fell (as the Scots lawyers express it) into desue- 
tude. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 2. 168 The exercise of 
rights which had practically passed into desygtude. 

Desulphur (désv'lfar), v.  [f. De- Il. 2 + Sun- 
pHUR. So mod.F. désudfurer.] trans. To free from 
sulphur ; to desulphurize. 

1874 W. Crookes Dyeing & Calico-printing 85 Wool de- 
prived of naturally adhering grease, and heated to 160°, 
assumes a — tinge, which is‘deeper when the wool 
has previously been de-sulphured. 

Desulphurate (désvlfitire't), v. [f. De- Il. 1 
+ SULPHURATE v.] =prec. Hence Desu'Iphurated 


DESULTORY. 


M™ a ie 
diese dla Nek Merete aang seo, 
Cleveland ironstone so as to convert it straightway into 
steel will be an ished fact. 

Desult (disw'lt), v. nonce-wd, [ad. L. désultare 
to leap down, f. Dg- 1 + saltdre to leap.) intr. 
To precend in a desultory manner. 

. Cottins Pr. C L. vi I digress, I desult 
me Miranda tl. 244 Hinwiag Sesatedoen been mena] 
of lting and digressing. 1876 Maser Cottins Black- 
smith & Scholar 1, 201 We must not desult. 

Desultor (disw'ltf1). vare. [a. L. désultor 
leaper down, vaflter, agent-noun from désilire, 
désult- to leap down.] A circus horse-leaper. 

{x Bawey vol. Il, Desultores, desultorii, Persons of 
agility of body, who used to leap from one horse to another, 
at the Horse Races in the Circensian Games.] 1880 M. 
Cotuins Th. in Garden 1. 183 Clowns and desultors in 


ragged jackets were hanging about. 
‘Desultorily (de-sdltarili), adv. [f. DEsuLTORY 


+-L¥2,] Ina desultory or random manner; un- 
methodically, 

1664 Everyn Mem. (1857) III. 146 Or else he had not 

so desultorily our Universities and the Navy. 1803 
Med. Frni. X. 306 The late influenza .. proceeded desul- 
torily in some cases, in others it was more regularly pro- 

ressive. 1812 Suectey Let. in Hog: iF (1858) IT. v. 140 

ave I written desultorily? % arpy 7ess I. vi, 
They had spent some time wandering desultorily. ~ 
Atkinson Moorland Par. 324 Birds hopping slowly and 
sultorily about. | 

De'sultoriness. [f. as prec. + -nEss.] The 
quality of being desultory ; scrappy discursiveness ; 
disconnectedness ; lack of method. 

1661 Bov.e Style of Script. Pref. (1675) 10 The Seemin; 
Desultorinesse of my Method. si | Bautey vol. II, Desud- 
toriness, the Skipping from one Thing to another. 1788 
Rew Act. Powers u. iii. 538 There is a desultoriness of 
thought in man. 1816 Bucuan in Singer Hist. Cards 360 
Excuse the desultoriness of these observations. 1870 /’ad/ 
Mall G. 9 Aug. 12 Accidental defects of desultoriness and 


sketchiness. 

Desultorious (desvltderias), a. [f. L. désul- 
tort-us DESULTORY + -0US.] = DESULTORY a. 1. 

1637 Gittesriz Eng. Pop. Cerem. ui. ix. 52 O desultorious 
Declamation! O roving Rethorike! a@1638 Mepr Xem. 
A foc. Wks. (1672) 111. 582 Our desultorious and shifting In- 
terpreters. 1703 Br. Patrick Comm, 2 Sam. vi. 10 David 
danced with ae and decent, not desultorious and 
light motions, such as vain fellows are wont to use. 1719 
Warertann Vind. Christ's Divinity 459 Fixing the Sense 
of Scripture, and | eet its being ill-used by desultorious 
Wits. 1819 H. Busk Vestriad m. 525 Tripping with loose 
and desultorious toe. 

Desul (de'sdltari), a. (sb.)  [ad. L. désud- 
tori-us of or belonging to a vaulter, superficial, de- 
sultory, f. désultor: see Desuutor.] A. adj. 

1. Skipping about, jumping or flitting from one 
thing to another; irregularly shifting, devious; 
wavering, unsteady. “it. and fig. 

1s8r Mutcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 220 Not resting 
vpon any one thing, but desultorie ouer all. 1594 Ber. 
Anprewes Serm. LU. 68 ‘Winter brooks’ as Job termeth 
flitting desultory Christians. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. m. ii. 
§ 31 The Crown, since the Conquest, never observed a 
regular, but an uncertain and desultory motion. 1699 
Bentiey Pal. 86 Persons of a light and desultory temper, 
that skip about, and are blown with every wind, as Grass- 
h rs are. 1699 Burnet 39 Ar/, xx. (1700) 195 All men 
ought to avoid the I ions of a desull Levity. 1748 
J; Mason Elocut. 19 To cure an uneven, desultory Voice 
.. do not begin your Periods .. in too high or too low a 
Key. 1754 Enis in Phil. Trans, XLIX. 132, That de- 
sultory motion, by which it flies off from an electrified body. 
1784 H.Eusorr in Dk. of Leeds's Pol. Mem. (1884) 259 There 
is also a peculiar bana? amas in His R n 
eye. 1789 G. Waite Se. x¥. (1853) 63, I shot at it But 
it was so desultory that I missed my aim. ey Romie 
Paraguay Proem., Ceasing here from desultory flight. 

2. Pursuing a disconnected and irregular course of 
action ; unmethodical. : 

1740 Waxsurton Let, 2 Feb. (R.), This makes my reading 
wild and desultory, 2 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 427 riting.. 
not in a desul i , but systemati- 


ppl. a., Desulphur‘ating vi/. sb. and fp/. a., De- 
sulphura‘tion. g 

1757 tr. Henckel’s Pyritol. 109 To which the ane 
must, by the desulpburation, be reduced. EARSON in 
Phil. Trans. LXXX1. 361 The difference of the times re- 
quired for desulphurating the antimony. 1875 H. C. Woop 
Therap. (1879) 619 Not really a desulp 1g pound. 

Desulphuret (désv'lfiiiret), v. [f De- 1. 2 
+ SULPHURET.) ¢rans. To deprive of sulphurets or 
sulphides. Hence Desulphuretted f//. a. 

- Ure Dict. Arts 111. 847 Soda which contains sul- 
phides is preferred for making the mottled..soap, whereas 
the desulphuretted soda makes the best white-curd soap. 

Desulphurize (diswIfitirsiz), v. [f. Dx- Il. 1 
+SULPHURIZE v.] dans. To free from sulphur. 

1864 Wenster, Déesulphurise. 1892 Pall Mall G. 4 June 
7/3. To induce them to desulphurize all their waste. 

ence Desu'lphurized ///. a.; Desu'lphuriz- 
ing vé/. sh. and ppl. a.; also Desulphuriza‘tion, 
Desu'lphurizer. 

1854 Ronatps & Ricuarpson Chem, Technol. 1. 106 In 
this sense the production of coke may also be called the de- 
sulphurization. 1870 J. Roskett in Eng. Mech. 18 Mar. 
647/1 It is also a flux and a desulphuriser. Cassell’s 
Fam. Mag. Dec. 59/2 Desulphurised silicates. 1892 Daily 


z 
cally. 1779 Mav. D’Arstay Diary 14 June, She is a very 
Toon y read ~ 1827 Hare Guesses (859) 146 Desultory 
is very 
loose, discontinuous thought. 


85s Muman Lat. Chr. 
(1864) IV. vu. i. 3 A y ig warfi 
1872 Geo. Evior Hiadlem. Xx1x. (1873) 104 Guests whose 


At . A, 


desult Mer makes their a fatigue. 1876 
Srusps Med. & Mod. Hist. ii. 41 temptation to desultory 
research must in every case be very great, and desultory re- 


h, ho it benefit the investi ” 
“Side adds much to the Teal stock of human knowledge. 
b. Of a single thing: Coming disconnectedly ; 


random. 

R, L’Esrra .), "Tis not for a desultory thought 
ry pt for a ey life. 1822 Haziirr 7adle-t. 
Ser. 11. vi. (1869) 131 He no sooner meditates some desultory 
project, than fete). . 

e. Irregular and disconnected in form or appear- 
ance; motley. rare. 


Auson Hist. Eu (1849-50) XIII. Ixxxtiii. § 42. 
ua they ee lacied Oe they gazed on the long and 
desul array ks _.. sweeping by. 1866 Howetis 
Venet. Life ii. 19 A beggar in picturesque and 


°°"B sé. A horse trained for the ‘desultor’ in a 


circus. Ods. rare—'. 
—- Urqunart Radelais 1. xxiii, ‘These horses were called 
tories. 


DESUME. 


+ Desu'lture, Obs. rare—°. 
leaping down, vaulting. 

1727 Baizey vol, II, Desudture, a vaulting from one horse 
to another, : 

+Desu'me, v. Obs. [ad. L. désiim-ére to take 
from a mass, pick out, cull, f, DE- 2 + simére to 
take.] ¢vans. To take or obtain (from some 
source) ; to derive, borrow, deduce. 

1564 Hawarp Exutropius To Rdr. 7 A language more rife 
and familiare than those from whence he [Tully] desumed 
them. 1623 Hart Arraignm. Ur. Ep, to Rdr. Aij, Some 
things desumed from mine owne experimentall knowledge. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. ut, xiv. 140 Nor is this Sala- 
manders wooll desumed from any Animal, but a Minerall 
substance. 1697 Porrer Antig. Greece u. xiii. (1715) 304 
From this Species, those, whose profession it was to inter- 
pret Dreams, have desumed their Names. : 

+Desu'mption. Oés. rare. _[n. of action f. 
L. désiimére, ppl. stem desumpt-.] Taking (from 
some source). 

1656 Biounr Glossogr., Desumption, a chusing, or taking 
out. 1775 Asn, Des ption, the act of taking from others. 

Desupernaturalize: see De- II. 1. 

+ Desvoy’, 7. Ods. rare—'.  [a. OF. desvoy-er, 
var. of desvier:—late L. type *disuddre for L. de- 
viare; see DE-1.6,] zntr. To go out of the way, 
to deviate. 

1481 Caxton Myrr, 11. xiv. 166 By which they desuoy and 
goo out of the waye. 

Deswade, obs. form of DissuApDkE v. 

+ Deswarré, #//. a. Obs. [a. AFr. *deswaré, 
OF. *desguaré, *desgaré = OF. esguaré, eswaré, 
esgaré, mod.F. éguré.] Gone out of the way; that 
has lost his way, gone astray, stray. Another form 
of the word is in the title S¢- Dégarré = knight 
deswarré, in the quotation. 

¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 6003 A kni3t icham deswarre, Pat 
in [v. x. herborough] y bid par charite. 

Desy, obs. var. of Dizzy. 

Desynonymization  (déjsing:nimoizéi-{on). 
[n. of action f. next: see -aTion.] The process 
by which words originally synonymous come to be 
differentiated in use. 

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. xix. § 153 It has been re- 
marked .. that with the advance of language, words which 
were originally alike in their meanings acquire unlike mean- 
ings—a change which he [Coleridge] expresses by the formid- 
able word, ‘desynonymization’, /é¢d., The desynonymiza- 
tion of words is the ultimate effect. 

Desynonymize (dsing‘nimoiz), v. [f. De- 
Il. 1 + SyNonyM + -1ZE,] 

1. trans. To differentiate in meaning words pre- 
viously synonymous, 

1817 CoLeriDGE Biog. Lit, iv. (1870) 42 In all languages 
there exists an instinct of growth .. working unconsciously 
to desynonymize those words originally of the same meaning. 
1827 Hare Guwesses Ser. 1. (1873) 220 His [Coleridge’s] word 
to desynonymise .. is a truly valuable one, as designating 
@ process very common in the history of language. 1882 
Farrar £arly Chr. 1. ix. 205 There had been a rapid ten- 
dency to desynonymize the words ‘ bishop’ and ‘presbyter’. 

b. To free from synonyms. 

1873 F. Hatt Mod. Eng. 169 To form an idea of the 
extent to which our language has been-desynonymized. 

2. intr. To cease to be synonymous. 

a1862 Buckie Misc. Wks. (1872) 1. 547 Remarks on the 
tendency of words to desynonymize. 

Hence Desyno‘nymized ///. a., -izing vb/. sd. 
and Zi. a. 

1833 J.C. Hare in Ss Museum 11, 224 From the 
desynonymizing tendency before spoken of. 185r TRENCH 
Study of Words vi. (1869) 225 The process of ‘ desynonymiz- 
ing’. 1884 Farrar Like 359'AvaSena is onlya desynonymised 
form of the same word [ava@nua]. 

+ Desyte, v. Obs. rare. [?f. L. déstt-, ppl. stem 
of désinére to cease: cf. DESITION.] ? To leave off. 

@ 1529 SKELTON Cod. Cloute 8 Eythyr for to endyte or else 
for to desyte. g 

Det, earlier spelling of Drsr sd. and a. 

(ditee'tf), v In 5 distache. [a. F. 
aétache-r, earlier destacher, destachier (sath c. in 
Godef.) = Pr., Sp. destacar, It. distaccare, f. Rom. 
des-, L. dis- (Dis-) + Rom. acca, F. tache nail, 
tack, fixed point, spot. Cf. ArracH, Used by 
Caxton in form distache from OF. des- (see Des-) ; 
but the existing word appears to have been adopted 
from modern F. late in the 17th c.] 

1. ¢rans. To unfasten and separate; to disconnect, 
disengage, disunite, /2¢. and fig, 

[ec 477 AXTON Fason 115 b, He distached and ripte it of.] 
1686 F. Spence tr. Varilla’s Ho. Medicis 7 Coglione de- 
tach’d himself out, for the viewing him the better, 1691-8 
Norris Pract. Disc. 1V. 219 We must now Detache and 
disingage our Hearts from the Creatures, 1736 ButLer Axa, 
Il. vii. 333 The testimony of S. Paul is to be considered as 
detached from that of the rest of the Apostles. 1794 SULLIVAN 
View Nat. 11.6 The flints .. I can readily conceive to have 
been detached from mountains very distant from them. 1797 
Mann in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 446 The French have 
long sought to detach Austria from England. 1798 Lamp 
Rosamund Gray xi, (1t] only tends to soften and tranquillise 
my mind, to detach me from the restlessness of human pur- 
suits. 1800 tr. Lagrange’s Chent. 1. 335 The caloric en- 
deavours to detach carbonic acid from the lime. 1847 Mrs, 
A. Kerr Hist. Servia 258 Nor could Kara George venture 
to detach himself from the Russians. «1868 FreEeMAN Norm, 
Cong. (1876) 11. App. 575 Northamptonshire and Hunting- 


[ad. L. désultira, 


263 


donshire were afterwards again detached from Northumber- 

land. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. I. 314 A failure to detach 

— hooks simultaneously may lead to the swamping of the 
at. 

2. Mil. and Naval. To separate and send off 
(a part from a main body) for a special purpose; 
to draw off (a regiment, a ship, or the like) for some 
special mission. Also ¢ransf. 

1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. vi. 145 A Body of Foot and Dra- 
goons was Detached to Attacque their Cannon. 1697 PotTER 
Antiq. Greece 1. xxvi. (1715) 181 The Chivalry shall be 
detacht out of the most puissant and wealthy Athenians. 
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Zo detach (Fr. in the Art of 
War), to make a Detachment, to send away a Party of 
Soldiers upon a particular Expedition. 1727 H. Branp 
Milit, Disc. xix. 287 When Battalions are Detach’d for the 
covering of the General’s Quarters, it only goes for a Tour 
of Fatigue. 1748 SMottett Rod. Rand. (1845) 148 She was 
immediately detached to look out for a convenient place. 
Fort Iustr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 257 During this the 
front line detaches skirmishers. 1855 Macau.ay //ist, Eng. 
III. 678 Several regiments. .detached from the army which 
had lately besieged Limerick. 

absol, 1809 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. IV. 400 If they 
should venture to detach, they will lose both kingdoms. 

3. intr. (for ref.) To disengage and separate one- 
self, to become disconnected. 

1842 Tennyson Vision of Sin iii, Detaching, fold by fold, 
From those still heights, and slowly drawing near. 

Hence Deta‘ching v/. sb. and ffl. a. 

1865 CartyLeE Fredk. Gt. (1873) VI. xv. xi. 62 Stronger 
than they by their detachings. 1874 Knicur Dict, Mech. 
Boat-detaching Hook, one adapted to be suddenly cast 
loose when a boat lowered from the davits touches the 
water. 1884 Pall Mall G. 25 July 11/1 The detaching 
shaft springs back. , 1890 Athen 21 June 795/3 That 
detaching and absorbing interest which from time to time is 
necessary to physical and mental well-being. 

Detachabi'lity. [f. next: see -1ry.] Capa- 
bility of being detached. 

1825 CoLeriIpGE Aids Ref. (1861) 255 Its singleness, its 
detachability for the imagination. 1878 Scribner's Mag. 
XVI. 434/1 We only realize the detachability of things when 
we see a baby at work. 

Detachable (dite'tfab’l), a [f. prec. vb. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being detached or separated. 

1818 Bentuam Ch. Eng. 406 This detachable mass of pay. 
1834 Hraser's Mag. X. 700 Poetry yet intrudes in separate 
and detached or detachable passages. 1867 Maccrecor Voy. 
A lone (1868) 22 The chart frame is also detachable from its 
place. 1878 Dowpen Stud. Lit, 241 Many good things in 
particular passages of her writings are detachable. 1883 
Standard 6 Apr. 5)'2 The detachable spear point of the 
Fraser River savage. 

Deta‘chableness. [f. prec. +-nxss.] Capa- 
bility of being detached. 

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1870) 1. 564 The detach- 
ableness which distinguishes ideas that are fully developed. 


Detached (dite tt), 247, a. [f. DETacH v. + 
-ED.] Disconnected, disengaged, separated ; sepa- 
rate, unattached, standing apart, isolated. 

1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Bastion detached or cut off, 
that which is separated from the Body of the Works. 1712 
J. James tr, Le Blond’s Gardening 29 The House stands de- 
tached. 1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/. s.v., In painting, the figures 
are said to i well detached, or loosened, when they stand 
free,and disengaged from each other. 1791 BoswEti Yohknson 
Advt., Innumerable detached particulars. 1794 SULLIVAN 
View Nat. II. 77 Ore found in large detached masses. 1801 
Mrs. Cu. Smitu Solitary Wanderer 11. 38, 1 took a small, 
but elegant, detached house. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. vii. 47 
In the centre .. stands a detached column of granite. 1868 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) Il. ix. 409 A few detached 
events must be mentioned. 1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect, 
Archit. I. 149 Attached and detached shafts may be used 
alternately. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 27/2 The villa 
stands alone, or as it is termed ‘detached’. 

Detachedly, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] Ina 
detached manner; disconnectedly; apart from 
others of the same kind, or from context, etc. 

1797 E. M. Lomax Philanthropfe 252 The tree, the rock, 
or the meadow, considered detachedly from one another. 
1824 Sir E. Brypcrs Lett. on Byron, Some of the senti- 
ments [in ‘Cain’], taken detachedly .. are .. dangerous. 
1847 Lp. Linpsay Chr, Art I. 122 We are at liberty .. to 
consider them detachedly. 

Detachedness (ditet{tnés, -édnés). _[f. as 
prec. + -NESS.] The quality of being detached or 
of standing apart; separation ; isolation. 

1768 Wom. of Honor I11. 214 So complete had his detach- 
edness been from his family. 1892 A thenwum 17 Sept. 392/2 
It may be that this ‘detachedness’—unkind persons call 
it selfish .. is an el of a noble strain. 

Detacher (dite'tfa1). [f. Deracu v. + -ER 1] 
A person or thing that detaches; an apparatus or 
instrument for detaching. 

1884 Bath Herald 27 Dec. 6/5 After being carried through 
certain apparatus called detachers, the wheat passes through 
centrifugal dressers, 

Detachment (dite't{mént). [a. F. détachement 
(1642 in Hatzf.), f. détacher: see -MENT.] 

1. The action of detaching; unfastening, discon- 
necting, separation. 

1669 WoopHEap S¢. Teresa 1. Pref. 35 A perfect Detach- 
ment, and clearing of our affections from the friendships of 
the creature. 1699 J. Woopwarp in Phil. Trans, XX1. 208 
So continual an ission and Detach of Water, in so 
great Plenty from the Parts of Plants. 1783 Porr Chirurg. 
Wks, II. 17 A detachment of fibres from the fascia lata of 
the thigh. 1876 W. H. Pottock in Contemp. Rev. June 55 
‘The growth of the drama has .. gone hand in hand with 
its detachment from the service of its parent. 1880 Car- 


ee 


DETAIL. 


PENTER in 19¢h Cent. No. 38. 612 Bergs which show least 
signs of change since their first detachment from the parent 


mass. 

2. Mil. and Naval. The separating and dispatch- 
ing of part of a body of troops, etc., on special 
service. 

1678 Puitiirs, Detachment, a word now very much 
brought into use, in relations of the affairs of the French 
Army, and signifies a drawing off of a party from one place 
for the relief or assistance of some party, upon occasion, in 
another place. 1693 Lutrreti. Brief Red. (1857) II. 116 
They confirm the detachment of the dauphine with 25,000 
men tothe Rhine, 1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 107 
The army, after so many detachments, was not above nine- 
teen thousand men, 1748 Cuesterr. Left. II. clx. 75 Which 
would have .. caused a great detachment from their army in 
Flanders, 1841 Evpuinstone //7st. Jud. I. 143 [They] had 
become tenants on condition of service instead of mere officers 
on detachment. 

3. concr. A portion of an army or navy taken 
from the main body and employed on some sepa- 
rate service or expedition > any party similarly 
separated from a main body. 

1678 Butter //vd. ui. iii. 35 Haunted with detachments, 
sent From Marshal Legion’s regiment. 168 Lutrrett 
Brief Ret, (1857) 1. 89 He has sent out a detachment of six 
witnesses, to confound Fitzharris’s discovery. 1724 De For 
Mem. Cavalier (1840) 68 Detachments were made out of 
every regiment to search among the dead. 1739 Cipper 
A fol. x, 273 A Detachment of Actors from Drury-Lane. 1781 
Gisson Dec?. & /*, III. lii. 256 A detachment of cavalry in- 
tercepted his march, 1838 ‘THirtwatt Greece I. xv. 291 He 
sent a detachment of his fleet to seize the island of Cythera. 
1859 F. A. Grireirus Arid. Max, (1862) 112 A gun detach- 
ment consists of one non-commissioned officer and nine 
gunners. 

attrib. 1881 J. Grant Cameronians 1. i. 3 The smartest 
officers are usually selected for detachment duty. 1881 Mrs. 
ALEXANDER Freres iii, He was almost immediately told off 
for detachment duty. 

4. A standing apart or aloof from objects or cir- 
cumstances; a state of separation or withdrawal 
from connexion or association with surrounding 


things. 

1862 Maurice Mor. §& Met. Philos. IV. iii. § 36. 88 This 
detachment from Italian feelings might have led one to 
expect [etc.], 1871 Tynpaty Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. iv. 126 The 
mountain sprang forth with astonishing solidity and detach- 
ment from the surrounding air. 1874 Morey Compromise 
(1886) 115 Oxford, ‘ the sweet city with her dreaming spires’, 
where there has ever been so much detachment from the 
world. 1883 Bz7t.Q. Rev. Oct. 392 An apartness or detach- 
ment from self. 1888 Bryce Amer. Conmmw. IL. un. lili. 
335 The detachment of the United States from the affairs of 
the Old World. 

b. A condition of spiritual separation from the 
world. (Cf. 1669 in 1.) 

1798 Lams Rosamund Gray xi, The stronger I feel this de- 
tachment, the more I find myself drawn heavenward. 1853 
M. Ke tty tr. Gosselin'’s Power of Pope 1. 91 To inspire all 
the faithful with the spirit of detachment. 1856 J. H. New- 
MAN Cadlista 199 A most heroic faith, and the detachment 
ofasaint. 1865 T. F. Knox Life Henry Suso 152 Let all 
who suffer with detachment rejoice. 1891 Daily News 3 Apr. 
5/2 There is no such excellent cure for ‘detachment’ as an 
attachment. 

4| Erroneously for ATTACHMENT I-2. 

1706 Puitwirs (ed. Kersey), s.v. Detachiare, Yo seize or take 
into eustody another man’s goods or person by writ of 
Detachment or other course of law. 1727 Baiey vol. II, 
Detachment, in Law, a sort of Writ. 

Detail (dttézl, d7teil), sb. [a. F. déail (12the. 
in Hatzf.) thé action of detailing, the result of this 
action, retail, f. stem of détazller: see next. App. 
first adopted in the phrase 2 detatl, F. en détail, 
opposed to ez gros in the gross, wholesale. Sense 
5 represents the F. déta7l du service, distribuer 
Vordre en détail, Feuquieres, a 1711.) 

1. The dealing with matters item by item; de- 
tailed treatment; attention to particulars. Esp. 
in phrase 2 (+ ¢he) detail, item by item; part by 
part; minutely; circumstantially. So ¢o go into 
detatl, i.e. to deal with or treat a thing in its 
individual particulars. 

1603 HotLanp Plutarch’s Mor. 306 (R.) As if a man would 
say, that necessary it is for him to offer wrong in detaile, 
who mindeth to do right in the gross. 1706 Puiturs Detazl 
(Fr.), the particular Circumstances of an Affair; as These 
advantages need not be offered in Detail to your View. 
1734 Pore Ess. Man, Introd., I was unable to treat this 
part of my subject more in detail. 1769 Gotpsm. Rom. Hist. 
(1786) I. 320 They .. perhaps condemned them in the gross 
for defects, which they thought it not worth while to mention 
in the detail. 1785 Cowper Vhs, (1837) XV. 163 The conse- 
quences need not, to use the fashionable phrase, be given in 
detail. 1840 Grapstone Ch. Princ. 69 The fear of punish- 
ment in the gross orin the detail. 1847 Emerson Rev. Men, 
Szvedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 332 His revelations destroy 
their credit by running into detail. 1868 M. Pattison 
Academ. Org. iv. 110 Relieved from the drudgery of detail. 
1870 FREEMAN Vor, Cong. (ed. 2) 1. App. 558 The tale, which 
is told in great detail, is doubtless mythical in its details. 
1884 Law Vimes Rep. 16 Feb. 773/2 We had to go into 
detail, so as to make the case clear. 

b. Mil. In detail; by the engagement of small 
portions of an army or force one after another. 
War of detail, a war carried on after this fashion, 
instead of by general engagements. (Often fig.) 

1841 Miatt Noncon/. I.1 Their war has been one of detail, 
not of principle. 1842 H. Rocrrs /ztrod. Burke's Wks. 85 
Pursuing a war of detail instead of acting on some uniform 
scheme. 1845 Forpn //andbk, Spain 2 Being without union 


DETAIL. 


[it] is also without strength and has been beaten in detail. 

Froupe Hist. Eng. 111. xiii. 116 Without concert .. 
without a leader they would be destroyed in detail. 1886 
Strokes Celtic Ch. 293 He [Brian Boru] defeated his enemies 


in d 

2. A minute or circumstantial account; a detailed 
narrative or description of particulars. 

1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth = pee 238 But 
I must be forced wholey to wave and su le the Detail of 
these. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle Pref Aiv, The following 
Sheets are a detail of Fortunes I have run through. 1810 
(title), A Chronological detail of events in which Oliver 
Cromwell was engaged, from 1642 to 1658. 1815 T. Forster 
Almosph. Phenom, p. ix, Aristotle .. appears to have given 
a more minute detail of the various appearances of clouds 
..and other = 1825 Lytton Falkland 9 But my 
detail must be rather of thought than of action. 

3. An item, a particular (of an account, a process, 
etc.) ; a minute or subordinate portion of any (esp. 
a large or complex) whole. (See also 4 a.) 

‘But that is a detail!’ is a current phrase humorously 
making light of what is perhaps really an important element 
in the matter in question. 

= T. Jerrerson Wit, (1859) 1. 560 It has given me de- 
tails .. which are very entertaining. 1832 Hv. Martingau 
Demerara ii. 16 The details of the management of a plan- 
tation. ~~ J.S. Macautay Field-Fortif. 267 Hedges .. 
skirted Ld etails of ground that may render them obstacles. 
1853 J. H. Newman Hist. S&. (1873) I. 1. iv. 194 In the details 
of dress, carriage, and general manners, the Turks are very 
different from Europeans. 1863 Fr. A. Kemare Resid. in 
Georgia 17, I shall furnish you with no details. 1868 Dickens 
Lett. (1880) II. 393 Be particular in the minutest detail. 

b. collective sing. The particulars or items of 
any whole considered collectively. 

1861 Mitt U¢ilit. v.71 Nobody desires that laws should 
interfere with the whole detail of private life. 1886 Laz 
Times UX XX. 193/2 Legal questions .. full of dry and un- 
interesting detail. 

4. Fine Arts. a. A minute or subordinate part 
of a building, sculpture, or painting, as distinct 
from the larger portions or the general conception. 
b. collective sing. Such minute parts collectively, 
or the manner of treatment of them, (Also ¢rans/. 
in reference to natural objects.) 

1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 309 The detail of both 
sculpture and masonry on the building. 1846 Ruskin Mod. 
Paint. I... v. §.15 The detail of a single weedy bank 
laughs the carving of ages to scorn. o F. R. Witson 
Ch. Lindisf. 85 There are no architectural details of interest. 
1882 Hamerton Graphic Arts iv. 29 The most careful study 
of antiquarian detail is united to an artist's vivid recollection 
of the colour and sunshine of the South. 1865 J. Fercusson 
Hist. Archit. 1.1.1. ii. 232 The Assyrian honeysuckle. .forms 
as elegant an architectural detail as is anywhere to be found. 

e. Arch. Short for detail drawing(s, working 
drawings. 

1819 P, Nicnotson Archit. Dict. 1. 383 Detail, the de- 
lineation of all the parts of an edifice, so as to be sufficiently 
intelligible for the execution of the work. ‘The detail is 
otherwise denominated the working drawings. 1876 Gwitt 
Encycl. Archit, Gloss., Details, aterm usually applied to the 
drawings on a large scale for the use of builders, and gene- 
rally called working drawings, 1892 Archit. Publ. Soc. 
Dict, VILL. s.v. Working Drawings, Working drawings .. 
consist of plans, elevations, sections, details of construction 
+. many being to the full size. 

5. A“. a. The distribution in detail, to the 
different officers concerned, of the Daily Orders first 
given in general, with apportionment to each di- 
vision and subdivision of the force (and finally to 
individual officers and men) of the share of duty 
falling upon them in their order; hence, the list or 
table showing the general distribution of duty for 
the whole force (general or + grand detail), or the 
particular distribution of that falling upon any 
division or subdivision of it ( particular detail). 

Office of Detail (in U.S. Navy Dept.), the office where the 
roster of officers is kept, and from which orders as to duty 
are issued, 

Y Order Dk. Marlborough in Kane Camp Disc. (1757) 
4 The Adjutant-General is to keep all the Details and an 
account of all things that happen in the Army. 1708 — 
Order ibid. 4 Of Details, Whereas great Inconveniences have 

epaeed in changing the Details after made, it is agreed 

.. by all the Generals of the Army, that all Details made at 
orderly Time should stand, though several other Details 
came afterwards; and that they should march accordingly, 
though the others made before did not march. a x71 /did. 
3 The Brigadier of the Day is to distribute the Orders he 
received immediately to the Majors of Brigade; and see 
that all the Details are made upon the vp 1727 H. 
Bianp Milit. Discip: 281 (ch. xix, T7i¢/e) Of the Method in 

anders for the Receiving and Distributing of the Daily 
Orders ; General Detail of the Army (by which is meant the 
General Duty to be form’d by t cers and Soldiers) 
with the Form of a er, or Table, by which the Duty of 
Entire Battalions, and the Officers, is regulated. dd. in 
Simes Milit, Medley (1768) 69 Our late Monarch, the glorious 
pay William .. was perfectly knowing in the small as well 
as the grand detail A ip army. ¢1745 Kane Camp. Disc. 
(749) 36 Whenever the Quarter-master General demands 
a hment, to go along with him to reconnoitre, they 
are to be furnished diately from the Troops, and 
it will be allowed them in the next Detail. 1778 Orderly 
book, es peg ae 9) 28 ., Detale for outline pickett 
this evening. 1779 U.S. Army Regulation, [The adjutant) 
must assemble the first serjeants of the companies, make 


them copy the orders, and ge them their details for the 
next day. Cart. G. Smitu Univ. Milit. Dict. s.v., 


Detail 7 Date is a roster or table for the regular .. per- 
formance of duty, either in the field, garrison, or canton- 
ments. The general detail of duty is the proper care of the 


264 


of brigade, who are guided by the roster for the officers, 
meen ertendes for the men to be occasionally furnished. 
The adjutant of a regiment keeps the detail of duty for the 
officers of his vy mea 1781 T. Simes Milit. Guide (ed. 3) 
9 The Major of Brigade is charged with the particular detail 
in his own brigade in much the same way as the Adjutant- 
neral is charged with the general detail of the army. 1853 
| een ey Milit, Encycl. s.v. Detail of Duty. 1894 
Brigade Orders, Aldershot (MS.) 1. Detail, ‘14.10. 
Brigade Captain, Adjutant and Picquet: 2nd Worc. ¢ 
Special Picquet Hospital Hill: 2nd Lein. R. Bri; Quarter- 
master: 2nd Ches. R. Drums: 2 Lein. R. pany for 
Fire Screen Drill: none. Duties No. 1 Canteen : 2nd Ches. 
R. Duties No. 2 Canteen: 2nd Lein. R. Visitor to Bde. 
Schools (a Captn.): 2nd Ches. R. 


b. The detailing or telling off a small party 
for a special duty. ©. concr. A small body de- 
tached for a particular service or duty; a small 
detachment. Originally military, but extended to 
the police, etc. 


[1708 see under a above.) 
1780 Gen. WasHinGton Order 14 Mar., The fatigue party 


for finishing the new orderly room is to be furnished by | 


detail from the line of the army. 1828 Weester, Detail 2, 
A selecting of officers or soldiers from the rosters. 1862 
Beverince //ist. /ndia 1. v. vii. 458 A small body of cavalry, 
and a detail of European artillery. 1884 Daily News 3 Mar., 
The ground ..wasexplored .. by the Mounted Infantry and 
by details from the regular Cavalry. 1885 Gen. Grant Pers. 
Mem, 1. xx. 278 Details that had gone to the front after the 
wounded. 1888 Troy Daily Times 6 Feb., An extra detail 
of police is always made .. and the crowd is not allowed to 


block the exit. 

Detail (ditz-l), v. [a. F. détailler (12th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), to cut in pieces, retail, deal with or 
relate circumstantially, f. De- I. 3 + ¢az//er to cut 
in pieces. Adopted in English only in the trans- 
ferred uses.] 

1. trans. To deal with, give, relate, or de- 
scribe minutely or circumstantially ; to give par- 
ticulars of; to enumerate, mention, or relate in 
detail. 

1637-50 Row //ist. Kirk (1842) p. xliii, The proceedings. .are 
too long to be here detailed. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 
177 P3 When I delivered my opinion, or detailed my know- 
ledge. 1802 Mrs. E. Parsons A/yst. Visit I. 1 He was too 
modest to .. detail news and scandal from house to house. 
1875 Lye. Princ. Geol. II. 1. xxvii. 62 From the whole of 
the facts above detailed, it appears [etc.]. 1875 SckrtvENER 
Lect. Text N. Test. 10 Certain peculiarities to be detailed 
hereafter, 1879 Cassedl's Techn. Educ, 1V.90/1 We have now 
detailed all the various coverings ordinarily put upon books. 

absol. 1841 D'Israeitit Amen, Lit. I]. 7 There were 


| occasions when they [monastic writers] were inevitably 


graphic,—when they detail like a witness in court. 


| assyeged and deteyned. 


2. AZl. To appoint or tell off for a particular | 


duty. (See Derain sé. 5.) 

1793 Laws of Mass. c. 1 § 32 Whenever a detachment is 
made, the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates, 
being able of body, shall be detailed from the rosters or rolls 
for the purpose. 1810 /d/d, c. 107 § 31 The officers, ordered 
to be detailed to serve on courts martial shall be detailed in 
the following manner. 1828 Wepster, Detaii, to select, as 
an officer or soldier from a division, brigade, regiment, or 
battalion. 186x Swinnoe N. China Camp. 329 The First 
Division, under General Michel, was detail fox this work 
of destruction. 1861 W.H. Russect im 7imes 14 May 1o/, 
His cartridges were out, and he was com Hed to Netail 
some of his few men to make them out of shirts, stockings 
and jackets. 1868 Sir R. Narier in Morn. Star 30 June, 
I trust she is now recovering under the care of the medical 
officer .. who has been detailed by me to provide for her 
comfort. 1885 Gen. Grant Pers. Mem. 1. xxi. 293 Soldiers 
who had been detailed to act with the pr & 1886 A/anch. 
Exam. 19 Jan. 5/6 The field officers of the Royal Horse 
Guards detailed for the escort of Her Majesty. 

b. transf. 

1837-40 Haisurton Clockm. (1862) 248 We propose de- 
tailing you to Italy to purchase some originals for our gal- 
lery. 1868 Daily News 2 Sept., The dry dock .. will start 
on its.. voyage across the Atlantic, being towed by five 
vessels to be detailed for the purpose. M. Cotttins 
Transmigr. 111, xviii. 269 A trim little waiting-maid.,whom 
I detailed to wait upon Grace. 

3. Arch. To detail on the plane: to be exhibited 
in profile by abutting against the plane; said of a 
moulding. (Ogilvie.) 

1875 Encycl. Brit. 11, 403/2 At the base they detail on the 
pavement or floor of the stylobate. /did. 404/1 The glyphs 
detail on the tenia of the archi » but are ly 
finished above. 5 

4] 4. ? Confused with Entrar v.2 (sense 4). 

1794 Gopwin Cal, Williams 289 Who had. .sworn to detail 
upon me misery without end. 

Hence Detai'ling vd/. sd, and ffi. a. 

1810 Laws of Mass. c. 107 §ar In case of inability .. of 
any officer..to serve..the detailing officer shall such 
circumstance to the officer who ordered the court martial. 
1866 CartyLe Edw. Jrving 2 Considerable gossiping and 

uizzical danling, u Lopp in Anowd. 7 Sept. 147/2 
These] need no detailing here, 

(dttévld), gp’. a. [f. DETaAm v. + 
-FD1,]_ Related, stated, or described circumstan- 
tially; abounding in details; minute, particular, 
circumstantial. 

1740 Warsurton Div, Legat. ww. 83 note (R) In a professed 


and detailed on the subject. 1855 Macautay //is?, 
Eng. 1V. 419 No detailed of the evidence has come 
down to us, Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 6, 1 will not lose 
time in any detailed defence. Freeman Norm. Cone. 
is 


(1876) I. iv. 254 In my more detailed narrative of Engli 
Geass fhe at 


b. Fine Arts. Executed in detail ; furnished with 
all its details. 

1867 A. Barry Sir C. Barry viii. 283 A fully detailed cor- 
nice of the order. 

ec. transf. Of a writer : Given to detail, cireum- 


— 
REEMAN Norm. Cong. (1 . xviii. 153 Described. 
Sete oe bene ph pap die Sg 
oy catalyse. 4 a0 See 

. Pyrcnes in Mont a +210 regrets 
that I have not gone ion At. | eth donk, 1842 
J. Steruxc Ess. § Tales (1848) I. 439 Its positiveness, 
shrewdness, detailedness, incongruity. 1887 Benson Laud 
104 The..extent and detailed itici 

Detailer (ditélo1). [f. Deram v. + -Er1.] 
One who details or relates circumstantially. 

1794 Crit. Rev. Jan., The detailers of anecdotes. a 1809 
Sewarp Lett. VI, 135 (T.) Individuality was sunk in the 
number of detailers. 

Dertailism, wonce-wd. [f. Devart sb, + -1sM.] 
A system of attention to details. 

1865 Lewes in Fortn. Rev. 1. 588 There has been a re- | 
action against conventionalism which called itself Idealism, 
in favour of detailism which calls itself Realism. 

Detain (ditzn), v. Forms: 5-7 deteyn(e, 
6-7 detein(e, deteign(e, detayn(e, detaine, (7 
deten), 7- detain. [Late ME. deteine, deteyne, 
a. OF, detenir (12th c. in Littré), detener (Britton) 
= Pr, and Sp. detener, Cat. detenir, It. ditenere:— 
Rom. type *dé-tenére for L. détinére, to hold off, 
keep back, detain, f. Dr- I. 2 + senére to hold. For 
theroot-vowel cf. con/ain, maintain, sustain, retain.] 

1. trans. To keep in confinement or under re- 
straint ; to keep prisoner. 

[1292 Britton 1. v. § 3 Ou si 


lici le fet det ] 
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 145 The peres of fraunce beyng thus 
1548 Hatt Chron. to A tra’ ow 
whiche is apprehended and detei in prisone for his 
offence. 1605 Campen Kem. 16 King Richard first 
was deteined prisoner. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng. III. lix. 279 
He was detained in strict fi 1884 Miss Brappon 
Flower & Weed 2 * Beg your on, sir,’ said the constable 


..‘I shall be obliged to detain you till this business is 
settled.’ 


+b. pass. To be ‘holden’ or possessed with 
(infirmity, disease, etc.). Obs. 

a 1440 Found. St, Bartholomew's 18 With this so grete A 
sykenes was he deteynyd. 1549 CHALoner Erasmus on 
Folly V iijb, To be deteigned with suche a spece of mad- 
nesse. 1660 Broome Archit. Cb, A Maide of the City 
Corinthia. .detained with sicknesse, dyed. 

2. To keep back, withhold; es, to keep back 
what is due or claimed. ? Ods. 

€15§35 in Froude Short Stud. (1876) 1. 422 The said abbot 
hath detained and yet doth detain servants wages. — 
Fietcuer & Massincer Elder Bro. v. i, My sword 


— by the King..but afterwards by the instinct of the 


form of the writ .. is sometimes in the 
sometimes in the dedinet only : that is, the writ states .. that 
the defendant owes and unjustly detains the debt or thing in 
uestion, or ad that he unjustly de¢ains it. me Miaer 
ist, Eng. iii. 1, 288 The interest of the sum dulently 
detained in the Exchequer by v; Cabal. right. 
+b. To keep (a person Fredy Obs. 

1583 Stuspes pa Aldus, 1. (1882) 80 Hereby the poore 
pastors are deteined from their right, and almost beggered. 

+3. To keep, retain (in a place or position, in 
a state or condition, or in one’s possession). Oés. 
(exc. as associated with 4.) 

1542 Wace Dofele ie. S250 oes That in all accu- 
sations the defendant might in unto him counsel, 1578 
Banister //ist. Man vy. 66 Some [glandules] are as 
beddes vnto -Veynes, jes, to deteine 

xix. (Jam. § .), To 


1632 Lirucow 7av. v. 195 Rivers mentioned in the Scrip- 

tures, which to this day their names. Pacirr 

Christianogr. 1. ii. (1636) 41 inhabitants of Spaine are 

detained in superstition, by t i of the Inquisition. 

1774 Gotvsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) 11. 159 When we fix and 
ig upon the same object. 

: transl, détinére of 


th { too 
+b. To hola, hold 


to detaine the traeth of God! in. i su a 
ILLOTSON Servi. *743 ve en ve ar 
nowled; God; if t it by their life and 
a - Ganielawed Gat 


TIL strong 
- = detained by a Garisonof Turkes. 1642 Lanc. Tracts 
(Chetham Soc. 
walled Towne 
Armie. 
+d. To hold, , keep the attention of. 
Oe tes ene 


TESS & Ps. Ixxiii, 7 No good on earth doth 
Poy Mates dase, Mel. 11. ii. vi. iii. 
301, | am mightily detained and allured with that and 


DETAIN. 


wants those striking revolutions, those unexpected discover- 
ies, so essential to engage ard to detain a spectator. 

te. To constipate, ‘bind’ ; also adso/. to cause 
constipation. Odés. 

1580 Frampton Dial. Vron & Steele 158 The water that 
cooleth the yron, doeth detayne the bellie. /7d. 158 b, It 
is byndyng, and therefore it doeth deteyne. 

4, To keep from proceeding or going on; to 
keep waiting; to stop. (The ordinary current 
sense. ) 

1592 Suaxs, Ven. & Ad. 577 For pity now she can no more 
detain him. 1644 Miron EZdue. Wks. (1847) 99/2, I shall 
detain you no longer in the demonstration of what we should 
not do. @1665 Sir K. Dicsy Private Mem. (1827) 89 Here 
‘Theagenes resolved to detain him self some time. 1790 
Patey Hore Paul. Rom. ii. 12 The business which then 
detained him. 1825 Copsetr Kur. Rides 424, 1 was de- 
tained .. partly by the rain, and partly by company that 
I liked very much. 1861 Dutton Cook P. Foster's D. i, 
Don’t let me detain you. 1891 E. Peacock NV. Brendon 
I. 113 We will not detain our readers. 1892 77es (Weekly 
Ed.) 21 Oct. 2/4 The vessel. .is detained in quarantine. 

+5. To keep back or restrain from action; to 
hinder ; to delay. Ods. 

1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 54 But he resolved not 
any thing, deteined by his blinde commission, and the 
advise of some other Capteines. 1621-51 Burton A nat. Ze. 
ut. ii. 11. (1676) 326/t Modesty would detain them from 
doing amiss. 1681 DrypEn Ads. § Achit. 244 How long wilt 
thou the general joy detain: Starve, and defraud the People 
of thy Reign? 

+ Detai'n, sd. Obs. rare—'. [f. DETAInv.] The 
action of detaining, or fact of being detained; de- 
tention. 

1596 Srenser F, Q. v. vi. 15 And gan enquire of him with 
mylder mood The certaine cause of Artegals detaine. 

etainable (ditéinab’l), a [f. Drrain v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being detained. 

180r W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XII. 581 It seems. .de- 
tainable, like water, by an attraction of cohesion, on the 
surface of certain bodies. 

Detai‘nal. rare. [f. Devan v.+-an5.] The 
act of detaining ; detention. 

1806 W. Taytor in Aux, Rev. 1V. 116 The injustice of the 
detainal is a disgrace to Bonaparte. 

+ Detainder. Os. Also deteinder, detain- 
dor. Variant of DreraIneR 2, perhaps influenced 
by attainder, remainder. 

1672 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 35 Y° deteinder of moneys 
by y’ Farmers upon pretence of defalcations._170r BevERLEY 
Afpoc. Quest. 32 There is also..in it the Detaindor of a 
Disease, a Catochus, and a Catoche,a Dead Sleep, or In- 
sensibility with Pungency, or Vexation. 

Detainer ! (ditzi-nar). Also 6 deteiner, -our, 
deteynour, 7 detayner. [f. Drrain v. + -ER!: 
perh. orig. a. AF. *defenour =OF, deteneor, -eur.] 
One who‘or that which detains; see the verb. 

1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 3 To punisshe the 
dettours and deteiners of the same by fines. 1547 Act 1 
Edw. VI, c. 3 § 2 To punish .. the deteinour. 1586 J. 
Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed 1. 51/1 The deteiners 
of the kingdome of England against the lawfull heire. 1647 
R. Bartuie Lett. & Fruds. (1842) IIL. 14 It pleased God to 
make his detainers let him goe. 1 Def. Liberty agst. 
Tyrants 120 He. .is..an unjust detainer which takes another 
Mans goods against the Owners will, 1850 Cuuss Locks 
§& Keys 10 This lock. .contains. .several independent move- 
able detainers of the motion of the bolt, any one of which 
would alone prevent that motion; the key was adapted to 
move and arrange all those detainers simultaneously. 

Detai‘ner’. Zaw. Forms: 7 deteiner, de- 
teigner, deteyner, 7— detainer ; evron. 7 -or, 8 
-our. [a. Anglo-Fr. de/ener inf. used subst. Cf, 
cesser, disclaimer, retainer: see -ER 4.] 

The action of detaining, withholding, or keeping 
in one’s possession; spec. a. The (wrongful) de- 
taining of, or refusal to restore, goods taken from 
the owner for distraint, etc. 

1619 Darron Countr, Fust, vii. (1630) 27 By distress or 
deteyner of the defendant’s goods; 1768 BLacksToNnE 
Comm, 11. 150 Deprivation of possession may also be by 
an unjust detainer of another’s goods, though the original 
taking was lawful. 1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 
II. 1123 If the tenant, before distress, tender .. the arrears 
of rent, the taking of the distress becomes wrongful .. but if 
the distress has been made, and before impounding the 
arrears are tendered, then the detazxer only is unlawful. 
1865 Nicnots Britton 11. 249 In like manner shall widows 
recover damages for the wrongful detainer of dower, 

b. Forcible detainer: see quot. 1769. 

1619 DALTon Countr, Fust. xxii, (1630) 61 One ect of 
Peace may proceed in .. cases of forcible entry or Deteiner, 
I Brackstone Comm, IV. 7 An eighth offence against 
the ga peace is that of a forcible entry or detainer 3 
which is committed by violently taking or keeping posses- 
sion, with menaces, force, and arms, of lands and tenements, 
without the authority of law. 1800 Appison Amer. Law 
Rep. 4x Indicted for a forcible entry and detainer. 

ce. The detaining of a person ; esp. in custody or 
confinement. 

1640 in Rushw. Hist. Cod/. (1692) 11. I. 20 That the Cause 
of their Detainer may be certified. 4 Br. SMALLRIDGE 
(J.), St. Paul sends him back again, that Philemon might 
have no reason to be angry at his longer detainour. 1795 
Curistian in Blackstone's Comm. (1809) I. 425 Lord Mans- 
field granted a habeas corpus, ordering the captain of the 
ship to bring up the y of James Somersett, with the 
cause of his detainer. 1884 Law Times Rep. 16 Aug. 759/2 
There was no evidence. .of the detainer of the child either 
by force or fraud. 

Vor, III. 


265 


d. A process authorizing the sheriff to detain 
a person already in his custody; spec. a writ 
whereby a prisoner arrested at the suit of one 
creditor might be detained at the suit of another. 

1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 274/1 Unless the gen’Im’n 
means to goupafore the court, it’s hardly worth while waiting 
for detainers, you know. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex, s.v., 
A process lodged with the sheriff against a person in his 
custody is called a detainer. 1855 ‘'HackErAy Nezcomes 
I, 248 The detainers against him were trifling. 

Detaining, v/. sd. [f. Derain v. + -1NG1.] 
The action of the verb DErain ; detention, with- 
holding, +seizure, etc. (Now usually gerundial.) 

@ 1535 More /ks, 386 (R.) That their paine in the fire wer 
but a detaining therin bysome strenger power then themselfe. 
1572 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 50 ‘Taking and deteining of 
prisoners, ransounes, buitinges. 1600 E. Br.ount tr. Cones- 
taggio 125 He then conceived the cause of his detaining. 
1632 tr. Bruel’s Praxis Med. 97 Catalepsis is a sudden de- 
taining both of soule and body. 1768 BracksTone Comm. 
III. ix. (R.), To shew the cause of his detaining in prison. 
1795 Femina 1. 165 He scorned your detainings. 

etaining, ///.a. [f. as prec. +-ING?.] That 
detains ; see the verb. 

1822 T. Taytor Apuleius vi. 12r The detaining earth. 
1865 Busunect Vicar. Sacr. Introd. (1868) 25 The detaining 
power of a dogmatizing effort. 

Hence Detai‘ningly adv. 

1856 Titan Mag. Aug. 119/2 He gazed at her entreatingly 
and detainingly. 1880 Argosy XXIX. 388 Laying her hand 
detainingly upon his arm. 

Detainment (ditzi:nmént). Now rare. [f. 
Detain v, + -MENT: cf. OF. detenement.] The 
fact of detaining, or of being detained ; detention. 

1586 Death Earl Northumberl. in Somers Tracts (1751) 
iv. III. 422 As well of the Cause of the Earl’s Detainment, as 
of the Manner of his Death. 1622 Matynes Auc, Law Merch, 
159 The danger of generall or particular Embargos of Ships, 
the likelihood of detainements of Kings and Princes. 1641 
Fruls, Ho, Cont. 11. 15x His Detainment close Prisoner. 


1755 Macens /usurances 1. 456 The unjust..Detainment of | 


their Ships. 1883 Lp. BLacksurn in Law Reports 8 App. 
Cases 398 Arrests, restraints and detainments of princes.. 
involve such a taking of the subject insured out of the 
control of the owners. 

Detainor, -our, erron. ff. DETAINER 2. 

+ Detainure (ditz:niii). Ods. [f. Drain v. 
+ -URE: cf. OF. deteneure.] =DETAINER2 (of 
which it may be a rcfashioning). 

164r in Rushw. /7/st. Col?. (1692) 11. I. 340 Unlawful 
Seisure and Detainure. 1710 Pripraux Orig. Tithes v. 315 
A Sacrilegious detainure of that which is..due unto God. 

Detane, -nie, -ny, obs. ff. Dirrany. 

Detant (ditent). [A variant of Dxrent, 
affected by the pronunciation of mod.F. déente 
(detaat) trigger ;* established in this sense in gun- 
smiths’ use.] In the mechanism of a gun-lock, an 
oscillating tongue pivoted over the half-cock notch 
in the tumbler, to prevent the sear from catching 
therein when the cock falls. ; 

1884 T. Sreepy Sfort v. 60 Rifles which are generally 
made with a very light pull not exceeding two or three 
pounds, and on the tumbler of which a detant is attached, 
in order to carry the scear over the half-cock. 1894 W. A. 
Greener (77 letter), Detant not Detent is the usual spelling 
.. the German technical word for the gun-lock defant is 


Schleuder. 

+ Deta‘rd, v. Ods. [a. OF. detarder, also des-, 
to retard, delay, f. des- (L. dzs-) + tarder to delay :— 
L. tardare, f. tardus slow.] trans. To retard, delay, 

1675 TEONGE Diary (1825) 46 Leave to com on shoare.. 
was detarded. 1693 W. Freke Art of War ix. 264 Let 
them detard their pursuers, and save their lives by scatter- 
ing their Treasures. 

+ Detaste, v. Obs. rare. [var. of DIsTastE: 
see Dr- I. 6.] =DisrastE; to dislike, loathe. 

1614 Ear Stirtinc Doomes-day vu. ciii, Who now in dark- 
ness do detaste the day. 

+ Det-bound, var. of DeBt-Bounn, Af/. a. Obs. 
Mortgaged, tpg ape 

1541-2 Burgh Rec. Edin. 20 Jan. (Jam. Suppl.), The hous 
+. wes detbound to the said os 0 ines 

Dete, obs. form of Dest, Dirry. 

Detect (ditekt), A4/. a. [ad. L. détect-us, pa. 
pple. of détegére to Detect. After the formation 
of Detect v., used for some time as its pa. pple.] 
Detected ; disclosed ; discovered ; open, exposed. 

ta. as pa. pple. Obs. b. as adj. arch. 

&@. 1387 ‘TRevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 243 Thei were detecte 
by the olde moneye y-schewede. 1460 for ee Chron, 134 

e was that same day detect that a strumpet was in his 
chaumbir. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 273 b, [I] haue 
detecte & declared the errours. xgg5 Apr. Paka vs 
cxix. 346 Detect I haue my wayes to thee. 

b. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. Introd., Their gills 
are detect. 1854 Syp. Dosett Balder xix. 81 Detect, dis- 
owned, detested, and despised, There is no power to which 
ye can be true, 

Detect (dite'kt), v. [f. ppl. stem détect- of L. 
détegére to uncover, discover, detect, f. Dz- I. 6 + 
tegére to cover. The earlier ppl. adj. Drrecr (see 
prec.) was retained as pa. pple. of the verb, till 
gradually displaced by detected.] 

+1. trans. To uncover, lay bare, expose, display 
(something covered up or hidden). Ods. 

1447 Bokennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 7, I preye .. that ye de- 
tecte It in no wyse wher that vylany It myht haue, 1526 


DETECTION, 


Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 34 b, Whiche illusyon ..as soone 
as it was detected & brought to lyght..anone it auoyded. 
1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) II. 73/2 Secret Confession, 
wherein Men do detect their sins in the Priests ear. 1594 
Ord. of Prayer in Liturg. Serv. ie Eliz. (1847) 664 Detect 
and reveal still the foundations and buildings of all treasons 
and conspiracies. 1668 Cu_peprer & Coir Barthol. Anat. 
1. iii. 5 On one side the Fat besprinkled with its Vessels, 
and on the other side certain Muscles Detected. 1691 Case 
of Exeter Coll. Pref. Aij,'Vhe badness of his cause was 
sufficiently detected by the weakness of his defence. 1739 
LapetyeE Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 41, 1 cannot 
Answer this Objection, without detecting a gross Ignorance 

in those that proposed it. 
+2. To expose (a person) by divulging his secrets 
or making known his guilt or crime; to inform 

against, accuse. Ods. 
€1449 Pecock Refr. 1. xvi. 88, I detecte here no man in 
special. 1577-87 Ho.insHepn Chron. I. 41/1 Whose last 
words .. detected him of manifest ambition. 1594 HooKER 
Ecct. Pot, (1676) 342 The Gentlewoman goeth forward, and 
detecteth herself of a crime. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M. 1, 
ii. 129, I neuer heard the absent Duke much detected for 
Women, 1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph., Detect, bewray, 
disclose, accuse. 1645 Pacitt //eresiogr. (1646) 9 And he 
also cut a young wenches throat, lest she should detect him. 
b. To divulge, reveal, give information of (a 


thing). Ods. 

14685 /Tist. Doc. Roch. (E. E.T.S.)7 But if it shall hap so 
to know any such [heresies], I shall detecte them to myn 
ordinarie. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 314 One 
of the lieutenants discovered and detected this villanous 
contrivance. 

3. To find out, discover (a person) in the secret 
possession of some quality, or performance of some 


act; to find out the real character of. 

181 Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 28 b, In processe 
of time she was detected to be one of a naughtie slan- 
derous tongue. 1711 A/ed/ey No. 39 If he is detected of the 

rossest Calumnies, he goes on to repeat them again, as 
if nothing had happen'd. 1774 Gotpsm. Grecian Hist. 
I. 99 Cleomenes.. being detected of having suborned the 
priestess, slew himself. 1789 Bentuam Princ. Legisl. xi. 
§ 24 You have detected a baker in seliing short weight, you 
prosecute him for the cheat. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Shirl, 
III. 214 Like a schoolboy detected in robbing an orchard, 
1875 Jowetr P/ato (ed. 2) III. 209 Your dishonesty shall 
do you no good, for I shall detect you. 

4. To discover, find out, ascertain the presence, 
existence, or fact of (something apt to elude observa- 
tion). 

1786 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 111. 263 The former obstacles 
must be abolished as soon as detected. 1997 Gopwin Ex- 
quirer 1. vi. 43 We detect all the shades of meaning. 1823 
J. Bapcock Dom. Amuse. 25 It is acapital good test for 
detecting arsenic in any liquid whatever. 1835 Browninc 
Paracelsus ii, What use were punishment, unless some sin 
Be first detected? 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 373 Napoleon examined the bills of the 
creditors himself, detected overcharges and errors. 1849 
Murcuison Séluria iii. 45 Sandstone in which no other 
remains but fucoids have been detected. 1882 Pesopy Eng. 
Fournalism xvi. 120 He was a man..with an eye that de- 
tected a false note in an article. 

Hence Dete-cted A//. a., Detecting vb/. sd. 

1602 SHaxs. //am. m1. li. 95 Well my Lord. If he steale 
ought the whil’st this Play is Playing, And scape detecting, 
I will pay the Theft. 1654 Coprincton tr. (ist, Jestine 
518 To collect the detected Oar [=ore}]. 1660 Mitton Free 
Comm. (1851) 449 ‘The detected Falshood and Ambition 
of som, 1694 tr. A7élton’s Lett. State Aug. 1656 The vilest 
and most openly detected Assassinates, 1836 J. GILBERT 
Chr. Atonem., ii. (1852) 52 Who would not .. frown it away 
as a detected cheat ? 

Detectabi'lity. ave. [f. next: see -1ry.] 

1805 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XIX. 219 With far 


feebler detectability. 
Detectable (ditektib’l), a Also -ible. [f. 
The spelling -2d/e is accord- 


DETECT v. + -ABLE. 
ing to L.analogies, but L. -¢ect/bz/is does not occur. ] 
Capable of being detected. 

1655 Futter Ch, Hist. vit. ii. 419 More were concealed 
by parties not detectable. 1831 Blackw. Mag. XXX. 122 
No heel-tap was detectable. 1845-6 G. E, Day tr. S¢yz07's 
Anim. Chem. IL, 151 The amount of phosphates .. is ex- 
tremely minute, and no longer detectible by the ordinary 
tests. 1871 R. H. Hutton £ss. I. 340 The real link not 
being detectable without a special and individual insight. 
1888 Bryce Amer. Comm. I1, 124 Where illegitimate 
expenditure is more frequent and less detectible. 

Hence Detectably adv. 

1887 Standard 1 June 5/3 The result is a ‘detectably* 
different liquid. : 

Detection (ditekfon).  [ad. L. détection-em 
(Tertullian), n. of action from déegére to DErxct.] 
The action of detecting. 

+1, Exposure, revelation of what is concealed; 
criminal information, accusation. Oss. - 

1471 Riptey Comp. Alch, Rec. xi. in Ashm, (1652) 189 
That Oylysh substance .. Raymond Lully dyd call Hys 
Basylyske, of whyche he made never so playne deteccyon. 
1529 tpl Dyaloge m1. iv. Wks. 211/t Wherfore it were 
not reason in a detection of heresy, to suffer,.. the crime 
wel proued, any new witnesses to be receyued. 1541 Pay- 
NEL Catiline xxxvi. 54b, The Senate decreed Tarquinius 
detection to be false. A. Gitsy (¢7tZe), Ant answer to 
the devillish detection of Stephane Gardiner, Bishoppe of 
Wynchester. 1 Brief Exam. Aijb, The detection and 
detestation..of the whole Antichrist of Rome. _ 1570-6 Lam- 
BARDE Peramb, Kent (1826) 209, I will not sticke to bestow 
a few wordes for the detection thereof. 1691 Case of Exeter 
Coll, 30 But this fallacy..must not escape without a detec- 
tion. 1709 STEELE 7atler No. 76 P 4 When by a publick 
Detection they fall under the Infamy they ve 1807 

34* 


DETECTIVE. 
Crane Par. Reg. 1.710 In alll detections Richard first 
confessed, 


2. Discovery (of what is unknown or hidden); 
finding out. Ods. exc. as in b. 

1623 ERAM, Detection, a discouerie. 1702 C. MATHER 
a oy Chr. 1. i. 3 Americus Vesputius, a Florentine, who 
in year 1497, made a further Detection of the more 
Southern Regions in thi tinent. 

b. sfec. ‘The finding out of what tends to elude 
notice, whether on account of the particular form 
or condition in which it is naturally present, or 
because it is artfully concealed; as crime, tricks, 
errors, slight symptoms of disease, traces of a sub- 
stance, hidden causes, etc. 

1619 Naunton in Fortesc. Papers 105 Whether .. safe for 
him to attend him selfe in person, without danger of de- 
tection. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 183 P7 It is easy for 
the author of a lie, however malignant, to escape detection. 
1791 Mrs. Rapciirre Rom. Forest viii, She wondered to 
what part of the abbey these chambers belonged, and that 
they had so long esca detection. 1798 Frerriar ///ustr. 
Sterne vi. 175 One of the most curious detections of his 
imitations, 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v.i. § 2. 278 The 
utmost stars of our present faint detection. 1874 Mortey 
Compromise (1886) 29 The detection of corresponding 
customs, opinions, laws, beliefs, among different communities, 
a Gustarson Found, Death i. (ed. 3) 2 Adulteration, now 
perfected almost beyond the possibility of detection. 


Detective (ditektiv), a. and sb. [f. L. détect- 
ppl. stem: see Derect v. and -1ve. (The sb. has 
been adopted in mod.F, from English.)] 

A. adj. Having the character or function of de- 
tecting ; serving to detect; employed for the pur- 
pose of detection. 

1843 Chamb. JFrni, X11. 54 Intelligent men have been 
recently selected to form a body called the ‘detective police’ 
..at times the detective policeman attires himself in the 
dress of ordinary individuals. 1862 SHirtey Nuge Crit. 
vii. 303 Every author now looks after his mind, as if he were 
a member of the detective police. 1882 E. P. Hoop in 
Leisure Hour Apr. 227 Instances of the detective power of 
ridicule. 1882 SpurGEON 7veas. Dav. Ps. cxxii. 1 [It] is 
detective as to our character. 1893 T. Bent Ethiopia 62 
Regardless of..strangers, and my wife's detective camera. 

B. sh. One whose occupation it is to discover 
matters artfully concealed; particularly (and in the 
original application as short for defective police- 
man, or the like) a member of the police force 
employed to investigate specific cases, or to watch 
particular suspected individuals or classes of of- 
fenders. Private detective, one not belonging to the 
police force, who in his private capacity, or as 
attached to a Detective Agency or Bureau, under- 
takes similar services for persons employing him. 

1856 Ann. Reg. 185 Some London detectives were de- 
spatched, to give their keen wits to the search. 1871 B. 
Taytor Faust (1875) 1. Pref. 12 There are critical detectives 
on the track of every author. 1875 Jowett P/ato(ed. 2) III. 
39 The criminal turned detective 1s wonderfully suspicious 
and cautious. 1876 D. R. Fearon School Inspection § $2 
go If the inspector is to be anything more than a mere de- 
tective of faults. attrib. 1883 Anna K. Green (¢it/e) 
X Y S, a Detective Story. k 

Hence Dete‘ctiveship, the office or function of 
a detective; Dete‘ctivist, sonce-wd., one who 
professedly treats of detectives. 

1877 J. Hawruorne Garth III. 1x. Ixxv. 184 In my amateur 
detectiveship. 1892 W. WaLtace in Academy 24 Sept. 
261/1 It may be hoped that Dick Donovan is the last of the 
detectivists in fiction. 

[a. L. dé- 


Detector (détektar). Also -er. 
tector (Tertull.), agent-n. from L. détegére to DE- 
trEct.] He who or that which detects. 

+1. A person or thing that discloses, brings to 
light, or reveals ; one who informs against or ac- 
cuses ; a revealer; aninformer, an accuser. Ods. 

154t Paynet Catiline xxxiv. 52 The detectour is false and 
corrupted with mede. 1611 Cotcr., Encuseur, a detecter, 
discloser, ee: accuser. 1614 Raveicu /fist. World 
v. iii, § 18 (R.) As a reward unto the detectors of lands 
concealed. 1637 Bastwicx Litany iv. 3 Those should be 
punished, that were d s and ifesters of them. 
1680 Baxter Cath. Commun. (1684) 30 This is to comply 
with the World, that taketh the detecter only for the 
sinner. 1742 Younc Nt. 7%. ii. 641 A deathbed’s a detector 
of the heart. Here tir'd dissimulation drops her q 

2. One who finds out that which is artfully con- 
cealed, or which tends to elude observation. 

1605 Suaks. Lear m. v. 14 O Heauens ! that this Treason 
were not ; or not I the detector! Evetyn Diary 7 Jan., 
Dr. Joyliffe..first detector of the lymphatic veins. 1 
Jounson, Detecter, a discoverer, one that finds out w! 
another desires to hide. 1791 Boswett Yohnson (1887) I. 407 
Rev. Dr. Douglas, now Bis! ceet Salisbury, the great detector 
of impostures. 1840 Mitt Diss, & Disc., Bentham (1859) 1. 
352 The keenest detector of the errors of his predecessors. 

3. An instrument or device for detecting the pre- 
sence of anything liable to escape observation, 
for indicating any deviation from normal conditions, 
or the like. 

@. An arrangement in a lock by which any attempt to 
tamper with it is indicated and frustrated. b. A low-water 
indicator for a boiler. c. A small portable galvanometer, 
which indicates the flow and direction of a current of 


detector of each lock. 1850 Cuuse Locks & Keys 13 Fis 
detector-spring. 1874 Kwicut Dict. Mech. s.v., Chubb had 
a detector in his lock of 1818. 1889 G. FinpLay Zag. Rail- 


way 75 ‘ Detector Bars’ are employed on parts of the line 
which cannot be seen by the si to prevent the 
si being lowered when the line is occupied by a train, 
Tbid., ‘Detector Locks’ are ee to facing points, and 
are worked by the wire that works the signals. Munro 
etc. Pocket Book of Electrical Rules (ed. 9) 395 should 
be tested on the thick wire of a detector. /did. 396 For 
fault inspection, a detector or galvanometer, a battery, knife, 
etc. 1894 C alalogue, Galvanometers and Measuring Instru- 
ments :—Detector Galvanometer, wound for intensity, re- 
sistance up to 500 Ohms, 

Detei(g)n(e, etc., obs. forms of DETAIN, etc. 

+ Detenebrate, v. Ols. rare. [f. De- IL 1 
+L. stenebre darkness, tenebrare to darken.] 
trans. To free from darkness or obscurity. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. vi. 296 To detenebrate 
and cleare this truth. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Detenebrate, 
to dispel or drive away darkness, to bring light. 

Detenewe, obs. form of DeTINvE. 

Detent (dite'nt), sd.1 (Also 7 detton.) [a. F. 
détente, OF. destente (Froissart, 14th c.), deriv. 
of détendre ‘to slacken, unstretch, undo’, in OF. 
destendre, {. des-, L. dis- privative (cf. Dg- 6) + 
tendre to stretch. (In L. distendére the prefix had 
a different force: see DISTEND.) 

The earliest application of the word in French was to the 
destente of the arbalest or cross-bow, whereby the strained 
string was released and the bolt discharged; hence it was 
transferred to the analogous part in firearms. In English, 
the word seems to have been viewed as connected with 
L. détinére, détent-, and so with detain, detention, and to 
have been modified in meaning accordingly. The fact that 
the same part which allows of the escape of that which is 
detained or held tense, is also often the means of detention, 
favoured this misconception of the word.§ : ‘ 

1. gen. A stop or catch in a machine which 
checks or prevents motion, and the removal of 
which brings some motor at once into action. 

1831 Brewster Nat. Magic xi. (1833) 283, When a spring 
was touched, so as to release a detent, the figure immediately 
began to draw. 1832 Bappace Econ. Manu/. viii. (ed. 3) 59 
Leaves a small dot of ink on the dial-plate whenever a 
certain siop or detent is pushed in. 1860 Proc. Amer. Philol. 
Soc. VII. 339 A detent shoots the slate back and a new 
record begins. 1869 Daily News 16 Mar., The handle, on 
being pulled, releases a detent in the guard’s van, which 
allows a weighted lever to drop and pull up the slack of 
a chain which communicates with the engine whistle. 
Atheneum 25 Dec. 874 A Christmas recollection. .more than 


fifty years old .. These boxes .. had each a little slit, into 


which, a halfpenny being dropped, a detent was let go, the 
box would open, and the pipe might be filled. 1871 TynpaLt 
Fragm. Sc. (1879) 1. xx. 488 An engineer. .loosing a detent, 
can liberate an amount of mechanical motion [etc.]. /éid. 
II. vii. 97 When these crystals are warmed, the detent is 
lifted, and an outflow of light immediately begins. 

2. spec. a. In a gun-lock: see DeTanr. 

b. In clocks and watches: The catch which 
regulates the striking. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 374/t In the Clock. .the 
two Dettons with their Notches, that strike into two Wheel 
Detton Latches. 1704 J. Hakris Lex. Vechn., Detents, in 
a Clock, are those stops, which by being lifted up, or let fall 
down, do lock and unlock the Clock in striking. 1825 J. 
Nicnorson Oferat. Mechanic 509 When the oil thickens, 
the spring of the pivot-detents become so affected by it, as 
to prevent the detent from falling into the wheel quick 
enough, which causes irregular time, and ultimately a stop- 
page of the watch. 1884 F. J. Brrrren Watch & Clockm, 
85 The detent of a chronometer escapement is the piece of 
esl ‘wales the stone Which detains or locks the escape 
whee 

e. In locks. 

1850 Cuvss Locks & Keys 28 If any one of the tumblers 
was lifted too high, it overset the detector detent, which by 
a spring action fastened the bolt. 

3. attrib, and Comd., as detent-wheel, -catch, 
-work; detent-joint, the ‘ ag RS ’ by which 
the pectoral spine of a siluroid fish is kept erect. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., s.v. Watchawork, The 
Detent-wheel moves round every Stroke the Clock striketh 
or sometimes but once in two Strokes, 1822 Imison Se. 
4 Art I. 93 Regard need only be had to the count-wheel, 
striking-wheel, and detent-wheel. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech, 
L 60, 2 A detent-catch falls into the striking-wheel of a 
clock, and stops it from striking more than the right number 
of times. 181 Greener Gun 244 The furniture filer also 
fits the detent work for the hair-triggers. 

+ Detent, s/.2 Obs. [?f. L. détent- ppl. stem 
of détinére to Devain.] ? Restraint. 

cx465 Pel. Rel, §& L. Poems (1866) 10. Gabull of the 
chancery begynyth *heu mihi!’ that is his preve bande, 
and detent of treson. 

+Detent, #//. a. Obs. [ad. L. détent-us, pa. 

ple. of déinzre to Drrarn.] DerratneD; kept 

k ; ‘holden’ (with pec etc.). ‘ 

Tn quot. 1494 perha’ t tense. 

¢ meaty j (Rolls) 1. 361 After that thei be detente 
with longe infirmite thei be brou3hte to another yle. 1494 
Fanyan Chron. vu. 591 And yet for that his mynde nothynge 
detent All goostly helthe for his soule to prouyde. 

Detention (ditenfon).  [?a. F. détention (13th 
c. in Godef. Suppl., = Pr. detention, Sp. detencion, 


electricity, used for testing purposes, d. An apparatus for 
detecting the presence of torpedoes under water, a torpedo- 
detector. e@. attrib. in various senses, as detector-bar, 
sgalvanometer, -lock, -spring, etc. 3 

1833 J. HotLanp Manat Metal 11. 275 His success in 


It. det ), ad. L. détention-em, n. of action from 
détinére to Devain. The word is late in Eng. and 


may have been taken immed. from L.] The action 
of detaining, or condition of being detained. 


| detained, pa. pple. of détenir to detain. 


‘in custody or confinement ; 
p Peay op toe , a place where arrested foie 


lock-up. = 

21570 in Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. (16: H iy 
M iA detention under safe custody. ot pon 
Reft. Peace 37 The state of detention in which the King and 


g for his d 1871 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 204 The detention of a French 
citizen by a Prussian agent in a free town of the Empire was 
a distinct .. illegality. 
+b. Bodily restraint by infirmity, etc. Ods. 
rare. 4 

1650 Futter Pisgah 1. v. 86 Darkness for three days, not 
. from the suspension of the s or detention of the 


Epraans eyes. 
. Thekeeping back or withholding of what is 


due or claimed. 
or witholdinge, detentio. 1607 


1552 Hutoet, D. ig 
Suaxs. Timon u. ii. The detention of long since due 
debts. 1640-1 ir br, War-Comm. Min, Bk. (1855) 21 
Such monie .. shall be frie of any common burden by 
detentione of any pairt of the annual rent. 1727-51 
Cuampers Cycl., Detention ..is chiefly used in an ill 
sense, for an unjust withholding, etc. 1861 Stantey Zas?. 
CA. vii. (1869) 238 We can hardly suppose that his opp 
really believed him guilty of the. .detention of the corn. 

3. Keeping ina place; holding in one’s possession 
or control; retention. ? Ods. exc. in Law. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 343 In Bodies that need Detention of 
Spirits, the Exclusion of the Air doth good. 1788 Pasquin 
Childr. Thespis 11, (1792) 139 With ditties and puns he holds 
thought in detention. 1809-10 CoLeripGe Friend (1866) 173 
Had the First Consul acquiesced in our detention of Malta. 
1871 Marksy Elem. Law § 365 Possession sometimes means 
the physical control simpty, the proper word for which is 
detention. 1875 Poste Gazus 1v. Comm. (ed. 2) 643 The 
aoe, has mere detention, the depositor has possession. 

. A keeping from going on or ore: 
hindrance to progress ; compulsory delay. 

1600 Haktuyt Voy. III. 150 (R.) Minding to proceede 
further south without long detention in those partes. 
R. Hatt Afol. Freedom Press Pref. 1 The acciden 


hed Family of France were. 1831 Lytton Godolph. 12 
ig twenty d i 


| detention of the following pamphlet in the press longer than 


was expected. 1818 M. Birkseck Yourn. A mer. 83 Benighted, 
in consequence of accidental detention, at the foot of one 
these rugged hills. 1835 Sir J. Ross Narr. and Voy. vi. 81 
In spite of all the detention we had suffered. 

ntive, a. rare. [f. L. détent-, ppl. stem 
of détingre to DeTaIN: see -IVE.] Having the 


| quality or function of detaining. 
1869 | q . ig 


1881 Patrick Geppes in Encycl. Brit. XIII. 139/1 The 
detentive surface [of the pitcher in Nefenthes) is represented 
by the fluid secretion. 

|| Détenu (defini). [Fr.; subst. use of détenu 
(The Fr. 
fem. is détenue.)] A person detained in custody. 
Applied especially to the English subj detained as 
—— in France, and the French calkhocts detained in 

ngland during the Wars 1793-1815. 

1803-1810 James Military Dict. s.v., That these detenus 
(we are borne out by the public prints for using the term) 
would remain as hostages to secure to men in open 
rebellion all the rights and privileges of fair warriors. 
1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 84 He was a detenu for eleven 

ears at Verdun, 1819 B. E. O'Meara £.xf. Trans. St, He- 

lena 139 The inhabi' -are in gi I greatly benefitted 
by the arrival of the defenus. 1889 Athenxum 13 July 65/3 
n to the release of the détenus at Verdun. 

Deter (dits'1),v.! [ad. L. déterrére to frighten 
from or away, f, De- I. 2 + ferrére to frighten. (Cf. 
rare OF. deterrer, in Godef., which does not ap- 
pear to have influenced the Eng. word.)] 


1. trans. To discourage and turn aside or restrain 


by fear; to frighten from anything ; to restrain or 
keep back from acting or ing by any con- 
sideration of danger or trouble. 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 106 If the wasting of our money 


might not dehort vs, yet the wounding of our mindes should 
deterre vs. 1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. 1. i. (1686) 2 
He..had thereby Example and Punishment to deterr him, 
1748 Anson's Voy. m1. x. 405 They [sailors] were rather 
animated than deterred by the flames and falling buildings 
amongst which they wrought. 1746 tr. Beccaria's Ess. 
Crimes xxviii. (1793) 101 That de: of severity which is 
sufficient to deter 1832 Hr. Martineau Edla of Gar. 
ix. 113 The farmer & was not deterred by the dreary weather. 
3 iLMAN Lat. Chr. (1864) IL. ut, vii. 141 mote, Mai . 
a been deterred page alarming of a monk, 
1877 J. D. Cuampers Worship 
to invite communicants, 
Ro bso a a place, purpose, action, doing anything; 

formerly, 3 2 

1594 Hooker Zec?. Pod. 1. x. (1611) 28 Punishments which 
may more from euill, than sweetnesse thereto 
allureth. 1599 Haxvuyr Voy. Il. 1.9 Whereby other may 
be deterred to doe the like, and vertuous men to 
Pp d in honest pr we wile If 
aught ‘d And judg'd of pu’ moment, in ape 
Of ‘difkculty or denen co deterre Me from attempting. 
1696 Br. Patrick Comm, Exod, xxiii. (x69) 431 The Judges 
were not to be deterred. .to pronounce a i Igment. 1709 
Prior Celia to Damon 55 n my own Face deters me 
from my G! 1759 Jounson Rasselas 34 Do not seek to 
deter me from my purpose. 1777 WATSON Philip IT (1839) 9 
This undutiful phavtone id not deter the emperor ‘fom 
resolving to resign to his son all the rest of his dominions, 
1858 Froupe /ist, Eng, U1. xvi. g11 Si had be- 
come powerless to deter from violence. 

2. + To nee, alarm. 3 

1604 Daniet Civ. Wars v. cvi, Who, to deter The state 
the more, named himself Mortimer, my bony Emblems 
Ep. Ded., The storms which late these Realmes deterred. 


DETER. 


+ Dete'r ”, dete'rre, v. Obs. [a. F. déterrer, 
OF. desterrer (11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. dé-, des- 
(De- I. 6) + ¢erre earth: cf. IntER v.] ¢rans. ‘lo 
disinter. 

1632 Litucow TJrav. 1x. 407 To deterre his dead body. 

Deterge (ditd-1dz), v. [ad. L. détergé-re to 
wipe off or away, f. De- I. 2 + dergére to wipe: 
perhaps after F. déterger (Paré 16th c., not in 
Cotgr. ; in Dict. Acad. from 1740).] 

trans. To wipe away; to wash off or out, cleanse; 
chiefly, in Medical use, to clear away foul or offen- 
sive matter from the body, from an ulcer, ete. 

1623 Cockeram, Deterge, to rub out. 1634 T, Jounson 
Parey's Chirurg. xxvi. xiv. (1678) 638 Detersive is de- 
fined to be that which doth deterge or cleanse an ulcer. 
r6sr Wittir tr. Primrose's Pop. Err. w. 268 They fur- 
ther the working of the purge, and deterge and cleanse the 
stomach from humours. 1727 Brapiey am. Dict. 1. U ij, 
If externally used, it [Balm of Gilead] gently deterges and 
incarnates. a@1734 Nortu Lam. |. ii. $133 (1740) 104 To 
deterge some of the frothy foul slaver he has spit atit. 1787 
J. Cottins in Med, Commun. U1. 364 The fauces were de- 
terged with gargles. 1857 DuncLison Med. Lex. 289 Medi- 
cines which possess the power to deterge or cleanse parts. 

Hence Dete'rging f//. a.; also Dete'rger = DE- 
TERGENT sd, 

1651 Witte tr. Primrose’s Pop. Err. 1. v. 20 A Surgeon, 
who in an Ulcer..did daily apply a strong deterger, viz., 


Verdigrease. /bid., A deterging Medicine. 1738 ARBUTH- 
not Rules of Diet 1. 250 Barley is deterging, tho’ viscous 


in a small degree. 

Detergency. [f. next: see -ENcy.] Deter- 
gent quality; cleansing power. 

1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 3 Ale, by reason of its 
..Detergency..is not adviseable. 1748 De Foe's Tour Gt. 
Brit. 11. 290 (D.) Bath water. .possesses that milkiness, de- 
tergency, and middling heat, so friendly adapted to weak- 
ened animal constitutions. 

Detergent (dits-1dzént), a. and sd, [ad. L. 
détergent-em, pr. pple. of détergére : see DETERGE. 
Cf. mod.F. détergent (1611 in Cotgr., in Dict. Acad. 
from 1835).] 

A. adj. Cleansing, purging. 

1616 SurFt. & Markku. Country Farme 581 By vertue and 
force of a detergent facultie, wherewith barley is greatly 
furnished. 1718 Quincy Comp. Disp. 80 Sage is undoubtedly 
a very g Cephalick, of the detergent kind. 1805 W. 
Saunpers Min. Waters 434 Sufficient to give it a very soft 
soapy feel, and to render it more detergent than common 
water. 1875 H, C. Woop Thera. (1879) 648 A detergent 
antiseptic in various ulcerated. .conditions of the mouth. 

B. sb. Acleansing agent; anything that cleanses. 

1676 WiseMAN Surgery u. vi. (R.), If too mild detergents 
caused the flesh to grow lax and spongy, then more powerful 
driers are required. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 127 Deter- 
a differ only in Degree of Efficacy from the former 

lass. 1888 Cave Juspir. O. Test, v. 274 He believes in 
a possible Divine detergent. 

eterior (d/tieria1), a. rare. 
worse, meaner, poorer, compar. of an obs. adj. 
*deter, f. d@ down.] Inferior in quality, worse. 

1839 BatLey Festus (1848) 64/2 Some of downward and 
deterior lot. | 

+ Deterior, v. Ods. [a. F. détériorer (1411 in 
Hatz.-Darm.), L. déteriorare to make worse, f. 
détertor : see prec.] trans. To make worse, de- 
teriorate. 

1646 Br. Maxweti Burd, Issach. in Phenix (1708) 11. 270 
He will .. deterior his condition. 

+ Dete‘riorate, -at, fa. pple. Sc. [ad. L. dé- 
tertorat-us, pa. pple. of déeridrdre (see prec.).] 
Made worse, deteriorated. 

1572 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 76 (Jam.) That all houses, 
&c., rewinit, cassin doun, distroyit, or deteriorat, within .. 
the said burghe—sall be reparit. 1598 in Row Hist. Kirk 
(1842) 190 If he hes meliorat or deteriorat his benefice any 
way to the prejudice of his successor. 

eteriorate (ditieridre't), v. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. déteriérare to make worse : see prec. 

1. trans. To make worse or of inferior quality ; 
to lower in character or excellence ; to worsen. 

1572-98 [See prec.]. 1644 Br. Maxwext Prerog. Chr. Kings 
i. ro How much more they deteriorate and depresse Kings. 
1673 O, Warker Educ. 46 Not onely not bettered, but 
much deteriorated. 1784 Cowrer Let. 10 Feb., A long line 
of grandsires, who from generation to generation have been 
employed in deteriorating the breed. 1813 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Desf. X. 380 Maintained by means .. which will 
deteriorate the discipline of the troops. 1847 C. G. Appison 
Law of Contracts U. iii. § 2 (1883) 603 To deteriorate the 
value of the property. 1879 M. Arnotp George Sand Mixed 
Ess. 343 ity, as its reign proceeded, had not dete- 
riorated but improved them. 

2. intr. To grow worse in character; to become 
lowered or impaired in quality or value; to de- 
generate. 

1758-65 Gotpsm. Ess. (L.), Under such conditions the 
mind rapidly deteriorates. ng D'Israett Amen. Lit, 
(1867) 269 Elyot had a notion that, for the last th d 


267 


metal. 1836 J. Gitpert Chr, A tonem. vi. (1852) 170 Classical 
story has imperceptibly lent its deteriorating influence. 1837 
Syp. Smitu Let. to Singleton Wks. 1859 II. 292/2 Judging, 
that the Church is a very altered and deteriorated pro- 
fession. 1883 F. Hatt in Nation (N. Y.) XX XVII. 434/3 
The deteriorating, if not debasing, mode of existence. 

Deterioration (ditie:ridré'fan). [a. F. dé- 
zértoration (15th c. in Godef. Suppi.), n. of action 
f. détériorer, L. déteriorare to DETERIORATE. ] 

The action or process of deteriorating, a growing 
or making worse ; a deteriorated condition. 


1658 Puituips, Deterioration, a making worse. 1727-51 


|wCuambers Cycl, s.v., When the deterioration of a com- 


[a. L. déterior — 


modity, seized by an officer, arises from the fault of the 
keeper, he is answerable for the same. _ 1823 J. Bapcock 
Dom. Amusem. 28 To preserve the article from deterioration. 
1841 W. Spatpine /faly §& Jt. Jsl. 1. 24 In our floating 
notions of Italian character, we grievously exaggerate the 
extent of its deterioration. 1842 Manninc Serv. (1848) I. 
i. 7 (Except in penitents) the whole life of a man from birth 
to death is a deterioration. He is ever becoming worse. 
1875 Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 5 The process of de- 
terioration may be carried on for many generations [of MSS.]. 

Hence Deteriora‘tionist, one who holds that 
deterioration, not progress, is the order of things. 

1816 I’. L. Peacock //eadlong Hall i, Mr. Escot, the de- 
teriorationist. 1861 Hest. Rev. Apr. 591 In the true tone 
of the deteriorationist who amused everyone so much thirty 
years since. 1875 Contemp. Rev. XXV.740 Mr. Foster 
..the perfectibilist, and Mr. Escot..the deteriorationist, 
take sides so opposite on the subject of human life. 

Deteriorative (ditivriorétiv), a [f. L. de 
teriorat-, ppl. stem of déteridrare (see above) + 
-1VE.] Causing or tending to deterioration. 

1800 Bentuam MWks, (1838-43) X. 346 The deteriorative ex- 
pedient of removal of moisture by heat. 1808 G. Epwarps 
Pract. Plan ii. 13 Pretended plans of improvement..which 
are actually ruinous, or deteriorative. 1879 RicHARDSON in 
Nature 23 Oct. 618/2 The whole course of life had under- 
gone a deteriorative change. 

Deteriorator (ditieridreiter. [agent-n. in 
L. form, from détertorare to DETERIORATE.] One 
who or that which deteriorates. 

1857 H. Miter Zest. Rocks vi. 234 It is man. .that is the 
deteriorator of man. 1883 Daily Ted. 25 Apr. 3 Cities are 
great deteriorators of physical strength. 

Deteriorism. nonce-wd. [f. L. déterior (see 
above) +-IsM.] The doctrine that the tendency of 
things is to grow worse. 

1880 Go_pw. Suitu in 422. Monthly No. 268. 212 Meliorism 
and the opposite theory, which we suppose must be called 
deteriorism. | 

Deterio‘rity. vare. [f. L. déterior + -11v : cf. 
superiority.) The being of worse or inferior 
quality; poorer or lower quality ; worseness. 

1692 Ray Dissol. World 43 Their holding out for some 
Generations against the inconveniencies of the Air, or de- 
teriority of Diet. 1719 W. Woop Surv. Trade 358 ‘The 
Exchange to all the Barts of the World would alter in pro- 
portion to the Deteriority of our Standard. 

+ Determ, v. Oss. [f. Dr- prefix + TERM, 
after L. déterminare: cf. also OF. ¢ermer to end, 
fix, determine.] By-form of DETERMINE v. 

1423 Jas. I Aingis Q. xiii, Determyt furth therewith in 
myn entent..I tuke conclusion Sum new thing to write. 
1513 Douctas neis x. v. 62 Bot Turnus hes determit, as 
certane thing, Gret garnysonys to send betwix thame sone. 
1533 BELLENDEN Livy v. (1822) 418 The Faderis..determit 
to abide on the returning of thare legatis fra the tempil of 
Delphos. 1535 CoverDALE Dax, ix. 24 LXX wekes are 
determed ouer thy people and ouer thy holy cite. gsr 
Turner Herbal 1, (1568) Dvjb, I dare not plainly determe, 
that it was the right clematitis. 1573 Twyne 4neid xu. Kk 
iv b, Therwith I am determd. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 
11. 1. 1. lix, For to determ The hid conditions of vitalitie. 

Hence Dete‘rming v@/. sd. 

bg CoverpALeE 1 Esdras ix. 17 And so the matter was 

a determynge..vntill the new moone. 


Determent (dits-imént). [f. Drerer v.! + 
-MENT.] The action or fact of deterring; ¢rans/. 
a means of deterring, a deterring circumstance. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. viii. 319 Nor will the ill 
successe of some be made a sufficient determent unto others. 
1653 Hammonp Ox 1 Cor. i. 23. 542 A mighty deterrement 
and discouragement. 1661 Boyte Style of Script. Pref., 
But these, Sir, are not all the Deterrments that Oppos’d my 
Obeying You. 1684 Bunyan Pélgr. 1. 111 That also shall 
be so far from being to my Determent. 1764 Mem. G. 
Psalmanasar 24 Rather a determent than an effectual 
means. 1876 J. Grant Hist. [ndia I. \vi. 284/1 Cornwallis 
executed nine for the determent of others. 

Determinabi'lity. [f. next: see -1ry.] The 
quality of being determinable. 

1825 CoLertpcE Aids Refi. (1848) 1, 195 The power of pro- 
posing an ultimate end, the determinability of the will by 
ideas. 1 E. Cairp Philos. Kant 1. xviii. 624 Beyond 
this mere formal principle of determinability, there is a 
transcendental principle o plete determination 

eterminable (dits-minib’l), a. [In ME., 
a. OF. determinable fixed, determinate, ad. L. dé- 


years, the world had deteriorated. 1856 Froupr Hist. Eng. 
(1858) I. i. 22 The condition ot the labourer was at this 
period deteriorating rapidly. 1892 Karu. Tynan in Speaker 
3 Sept. 290/1 The roses .. will deteriorate year after year, 
returning gradually to wildness. 
Hence Dete‘riorated /f/. a., Dete'riorating 
vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 
1656 Biount Glossogr., Deteriorated, made worse, im- 
i v. Which 


paired ; spoiled. a1691 Boye Wks. IV. R.) 
og tA ona lg aac he RT ab rl Pach 


ter abilis (Tertull,) that has an end, finite. In 
later use, following the ordinary analogy of adjs. 
in -able, in which sense it has also been revived in 
mod.F. (Not in Cotgr. ; 1878 in Dict. Acad.)] 

+1. Fixed, definite, determined. Ods. 

cxzzs Z. E. Allit. P. A. 593 In sauter_ is said a verce 
ouverte Pat spekez a poynt determynable. 1486 Bk. St. 
Albans, Her. Ava, Ther be ix. vices contrary to gentilmen 
of the wiche v. ben indetermynable and iiij. determynable. 
1525 Lv. Berners Froiss. 11. ccxxii. (ccxviii.] 686 The 


DETERMINANT. 


kynge hath commaunded me to gyue you a determynable 
answere to your requestes, 1646 Sir I’. Browne /’seud. Ep. 
vi. i, 280 Yet were there no small difficulty to set downe 
a determinable Chronology. 

2. Capable of being determined; proper to be 
determined. a. Capable of being, or proper to be, 
legally or authoritatively decided or settled. 

1485 Act x //en. VII, c. 7 The same Rescous and Dis- 
obeysance shall be Felony, enquirable and determinable as 
is aforesaid. 1570-6 Lamparpe Peramb. Kent (1826) 165 
Certaine principall points concerning the Port townes, be 
determinable at Shipwey onely. 1594 Hooker Lccé. Pol. 
1. (1632) 110 Affairs.. which were not determinable one way 
or other by the Scripture. c1645 Howe. Left. (1655) IV. 
Iv. xvi. A Forest hath her Court..where matters are as 
pleadable and determinable, as at Westminster-Hall. 1685 
Col. Rec. Pennsylv, 1. 248 All Causes not Determinable by 
y® Respective County Courts. 1827 Hatta Const, /1ist. 
(1876) III. xvii. 307'To prepare all matters determinable in 
parliament. 1845 Lp. Camppett Chancellors (1857) I. xix. 
281 Matters determinable by your common law. 

b. Capable of being definitely limited, fixed, as- 
signed, or laid down. 

158r Mutcaster Positions xlii. (1887) 261 The Elementarie 
time, determinable not by yeares, but by sufficiencie. 161x 
R. Fenton Usury. iii. 15 Every intention. .is determinable 
by the act it selfe to be good-or bad. 1794 G. Apams Nat. 
§ /xp. Philos. \11. xxvi. 96 Standards of space and velocity 
are also determinable. 

ce. Capable of being definitely ascertained 
(a) as to fact or identity, (6) as to meaning or 


character. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus Wks. II. 522 What is 
the most lasting herb or seed, seems not easily determinable. 
1748 Hartey Vbserv. Mar 1. iii. 274 These words being de- 
terminable only by means of the known words to which they 
are joined. /é/d. 348 Relations .. not determinable with 
Certainty and Precision. 1846 Exiis £lgix A/ard. 1. 29 One 
remarkable little spot is also determinable with certainty. 
1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii. (1862) I]. 447 Whether Sidon or 
Tyre was the most ancient, seems not determinable. 1 
GuntHER Fishes 314 Some of the earliest determinable fish 
remains, 

3. Liable to be terminated or to come to an end; 
terminable (esp. in Law). 

1584 R..Scor Discov. Witcher. vin, iii. 130 The divels death, 
whose life he held to be determinable and mortall. 1677 
Hare Prim, Orig. Man, w., viii. 376 It presents all our en- 
joyments as determined or determinable in a short time. 
1797 Lond. Gaz. No. 4382/4 In Lease for 99 Years, determin- 
able on one, twoand three Lives. 1815 T. Jerrerson Wit. 
(1830) IV. 260 A truce determinable on the first act of im- 
pressment, 1848 WHarton Law Lex., Determinable Free- 
holds, estates for life, which may determine upon future 
contingencies before the life for which they are created 
expires. 1876 Dicsy Real Prof. v. 229 note, Here the estate 
would be an estate determinable upon the specified event. 

Hence Dete‘rminableness. 7a7¢. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Determinableness, capableness of being 
determined or decided. 1775 in Asu; and in mod. Dicts. 

Determinably (ditssminabli), adv. [f. prec. 
+-LY*.] In a determinable manner. +a. De- 
finitely, precisely. b. In away or toa degree that 
can be determined; ascertainably. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1v. 677 It wes vounderfull, perfay, 

ow ony man throu steris may Knaw the thingis that ar 
tocum Determinabilly. 1609 Sir E. Hosy Let. to 7’. Higgins 
60 Augustine..doth plainly and determinablie conclude that 
they are not Diuini Canonis. Mod. A substance of which 
the granules are determinably smaller. 

Determinacy. vere. [f. DETERMINATE a.: 
see -AcY.] The quality of being determinate ; de- 
terminateness, definiteness. 

1873 Atkinson tr. Helutholts’s Pop. Sct. Lect, 80 Yet 
the ear solves its problem with the greatest exactness, cer- 
tainty, and determinacy. 

Determinant (d/td-1minant), a. and sd. [ad. 
L. déterminant-em, pr. pple. of déterminare to 
DETERMINE: cf. F, déterminant (Trevoux 1752).] 

A. adj. Determining; that determines; deter- 
minative. : 

1610 W. FotkincuaM Art of Survey ww. v. 84 Determinant 
Valuation concludes and determines the Right and Interest 
of the Possident by Alienation of the Fee or Possession. 
1686 Goap Celest. Bodies 1. i. 152 The Sun and Moon alone 
..cannot be the Causes preparatory or determinant of a 
Showre. 1825 Coreripce Aids Refi. 280 Some other 
Principle which has been made determinant of his Will. 
1860 Ruskin Mod: Paint. V. vu. iv. § 8 His usual draw- 
ings from nature .. being both commemorative and deter- 
minant .. determinant, in that they record an impression 
received from the place there and then, together with the 
principal arrangement of the composition in which it was 
afterwards to be recorded. 1888 J. Martineau Study of 
Relig. 1. u. i. 21x He rightly appropriates the word Cause 
tothe determinant act. 1892 Current Hist. (Detroit, Mich.) 
II. _73 A new determinant factor of unknown power. 

B. sb. One who or that which determines. 

1. In University Hist. (repr. med.L. détermi- 

nans). A determining Bachelor: see DETERMINE 


v. 13, DETERMINATION 4. 

[1449 (2 Jan.) in Registr. Univ. Oxf. (0. H.S.) I. 2 

agistri determinantium. 15.. /éid. Il. 1. 52 (Title of 
Official List) Nomina determinantium.] 1864 D ING in 
Pref. to Lauder's Dewtie of Kyngis 6 Two years later, in due 
course of his academical studies, this Guillelmus Lauder ap- 
pears among the Determinants in that College; which shows 
that he had qualified himself for taking his Master’s degree. 
1887 A. Crarx Reg. Univ. Oxf. 11. 1.53, 12 Mar. 1586 this 
Committee decided that..Whereas in times past collectors 
had exacted unfairly large sums the determinants, 
they should in future exact only 12d. from each deter- 


« 34*—2 


Cea 


2A factor or agent ; oe 

cedent, A onmentaireant: a defining word 

or element. 

Nig Gen Coted, Radio 2: 5. x92 Mot temee Se Save 
no determinant, but because "tis unknown. _ 1809-20 Cotz- 

tink Friend (1855) 173 We should . thake Malta the direct 

and final determinant 


— of the war. sens ale 
67 His own will is the only and sufficient determinant of 
is, and all he does. esha tae inesrmeneier 


S§ p. cvii, Points..taken as determinants 
date. 1887 F. Hatt in Rageagedoal ¥. npr 97/3 Good 
pg Bally of what ts 
in language. 


ae Pak Se Reais Seb ide te 
re. Mon une 1 
Seles tives C00e ibewee produce py A ee hegt ot | Some 


3 Math. The sum of the products of a square 
block or ‘ matrix’ of quantities, each product 
taining one factor from each row and column, and 
having the plus or minus sign according to the 
arrangement of its factors in the block. 


A determinant is commonlydenoted by [4 42 43 
writing the matrix with a vertical line on Ma - bs 
each side, thus— & 


Originally applied (in Latin form), in ion - Gauss 
(Disgnis. Arithmet. 180 § v. § 154) to a special class of 
these functions on the nature of which the properties of. 
certain baa forms depend ; thence adopted in French 
by Cauchy. 

3843 Cay ey (¢:tée), On the Th of Determinants. 1853 
Syivester in Pcl. Trans. CXL L. 543-4 Determinant. 
—This word is used throughout in the single sense, after 
which it denotes the alternate or hemihedral function the 
vanishing of which is the condition of the possibility of the 
coexistence of a certain number of homogeneous linear 
equations of as many variable, 1885 Satwon /igher 
Alevdra 338 Cauchy introduced the name \aaterwanianis” a 
already applied by Gauss to the functions considered by 
him, and call led by him ‘ determinants of quadratic forms’. 

tal, a. Wath. [f. prec. +-at.] 
Relating to determinants : see DETERMINANT B. 3. 

2879 THomson & Tart Nat. Pail. 1. § 337 Roots .. of a 
determinantal equation. 3892 Da:ly News 24 Mar. 3/5 
Essay on ‘ Determinantal Theorems’. 

Determinate (d/tsimin2), ff/. a. [ad. L. 
dtterminat-us, pa. pple. of aetermindre to DETES- 
MINE.] That has been or is determined: in the 
chief senses of the verb. 

A. as pa. pple. = DETERMINED. O6s. or arch. 

€ 1392 Cravccer Astrod. 1. § 21 Sterres fixes with hir =, 2 
tudes & latitudes determynat. /éid. ur. § 18 Acading, 
knowe the degrees of the longitudes of fixe sterres after that 
they ben determinat in thin astrolabie. 1472 Rurtey Con wp. 
Ack. Ep. in Ashm. (r652) 111 By Raymond and others de- 
termynate. 1960 in Strype ex. Nef. I. xvii. 216 So that 
their causes be determinate within three weeks. ¢ 1600 
Sxaks. Sona. lxxxvii, My bonds in thee are all determinate. 
1835 Baioces .Verv nu. iit. 82 The seasons, lady, Of divina- 
tion are > aaa By stars and special omens. 


B. ad 

2 Definitely bounded or limited, in time, space, 
extent, position, character, or nature; definite, 
fixed ; clearly defined or individualized ; distinct, 
= op to vague, undefined, or indefinite. 

Cuavcer ass T. 16: Han ye figure thanne deter- 

saan In helle ther ye been in youre estat? Trevisa 
Barth. De P. R. xin. i (Tollem. MS.), Water no de- 
— Rolls) apna gees eee: ee 
tr. figden 287 erminate place in 
that is abowte Lincoln. Mose Con/ut. —— Wis. 
721/2 The saluacion of an 
1548 Hatt Chron. 245b, Taken and concluded a 
munate season. 3 


361 Sarxetp Treat. Angels 22 
mire sexon "sed Sunes" age 2 Tay { 
cease ae eee ee ee | 


hich inanimate Bodies Hosses Seven Prod. 
Wks. 1845 VII 16 A — = — 

170s Berxetey Commons. 1871 
clear and determinate meaning of my words. aie ace 
— Comem. IL 140 The enements, 
3777 Prirstiey Matt. & Spir. 


rates pt ye square, or of some 
1818 Hata Med. Ages (1842) L. 
522 Consecrated see. 


as 
1526-34 Tinpae Acts ii phe tet eee File P 
forekno of God. Ac Hen. Vill, c 
The which order... = ot be ae determinate order. 


them. 

3. Finally determined upon or decided ; express- 
ing a final decision ; definitive ; conclusive, final. 

1533-4 Act 2 25 Hen. V111, c. 12 The determinate and 
iudgementes of the said sondrie vniuersitees. > nae LyoT 
— Gev. 25 Not onely myne opinion hereim, but also 

y determyante sentence. 1566 Parnter Pad. Pleas. 1. 29 

T o _ fees, vppon some determinate aunswere. 1589 NasHE 
in Greene's Menaphon Pref. (Arb.) 14, I had rather referre it, as 


a disputatiue plea to diuines than set it downe as adetermi- | 


firmeth the same deter e 
7. Suartess. Charac. (1737) HI. v. iii 303 The Reason- 

leness of a proportionate Taste, determinate Choice. 
1803 We.uncton in Gurw. Desf. I1. = note, No deter- 
minate reply could be given to the letter. 

4. Determined upon, intended. 

1986 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 233 To drive him 
from his determinat purpose. 601 Suaxs. Tteed. NV. ui. rr 
wy determinate voyage is meere extrauagancie. 


solved, resolute. 

1587 Hounsuen Chron. II. Hist. Scot. 316/1 That thing the 
heart thought and was determinat to do 
Theor. Warres 1. i. 8 Men. 
courage. 
most active and determinate adventurer of his age. 1747 
Fierpinc Love in Sev. Masg. Wks. 1775 I. 46 Nor am I per- 
fectly determinate what species es of animals to assign him to. 

1779-81 Jouxsox L. P., Prior Wks. II. 143 A Lent Ha so 


nate position. 1 Bisce (Douay) Fer. xv. Comm., He con- 
i ce of their punishment. 


Fixed in mind or purpose, determined, re- | 


1598 Barret | 
- of determinate minds and | 
1686 F. Srence tr. Variilas’ He. Medicis 309 The | 


ardent and determinate ‘that he did not a ‘ ; | 
ese. (1857 


with men of different opinions. 1827 Carty 
I. 58 Men of cool judgment, and determinate energetic 


character. 

+ Determinate, v. és. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
dzterminare : see prec.) 

1. trans. To determine in time, space, or com- 
pass ; to terminate, end, bound, limit. 


1563 Winzet Four Scotr Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 I. 125 Gifwe | 


. limitatis and determinatis nocht the wisdum of be our 
phantasie. 31993 Suaxs. Rick. 11,1. iti. 150 The slye slow 
Fol. 2, fiye slow] houres shall not d The d 

limit of thy deere exile. @ 1638 Meve Rem. —_— Wks. 
(prophetic months) 


(1672) ut. 6oz Who would fom them 

taken for bare days, and determinated in the persecution 
Antiochus. 1671 Crowne F¥udianxa Ep. a have eg 
to determinate my sight, but a bright and 

2. To determine of decide (a controversy a issue). 


Determinately, av. [f Derenwnate a. 
+-LY*.] In a determinate manner. 


1. By way of final decision ; conclusively, finally. 
T509 eon ae, Save, C tess Richmond Wes (1876) 
RS ees Oe beariee ater sens Serre 


Wooprrap oe ae ee ta a 
ST did yyy ba ees 


Sr Win sre Tl 3 Coc promanges date 

— Anal. u. vii. 270 Persons .. i ni oe 
rt 1792 R. Burke in Burke's Corr. 

(1844) ILI. 489 The mii ies 


d indifferent, s/s Vere, the 
ae ao 
Worden, shiche . . di a ats doe betoken some one cer- 
@ 3653 Gouce ‘omem. Heb. xiii. 8, 1. Indefi- 
nitely, —— 2. Determinatly, to the end of the 
bg Trans. L307 A discovery of 
determinately of 


Curate 1. xiv. 274, 


I cannot pronounce the night. . the most miser- 
able which it has been my lot to spend. 

b. With a definite % y- 

1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids v. 203 All these seemed 
determinately contrived never be 


fertilised. 7 
3. With settled purpose; resolutely, determinedly; 

with determination. e 
Hevywoop Spider & F. xiv. When sawe .. 
Fo thus bent determinately, He thought it foly 
him to contrary. H. More Axtid. ‘Ath. ut. pe 


Fox in H. Wopee Mem. 
Pi A aac ng tg sag is. 
ee idle 388: E F Cota Back Pi PL o 
176 azul bas weeteadad dia aa determinately. 
Dete‘rminateness. [f as —_ + -NESS.] © 
The quality of being determinate. 


either s Election. 
2846 Por N. P. ‘iltts Whe tS I. > The word fancy 
used with very little d ig. 1884 tr. 
Lotse’s Me 31 Each of their marks..has been limited 
toa individual 

2. Decidedness of judgement or choice ; resolute- 


Determination (dA3sminz"jon). 
termination \Oresme 14th c.), or ad. L. 


1852 — Eel. Faith (1853) 201 In time, 
assumed a determinate shape. 4 


B Smear Mat ess Do i = 
respoads to determinate 


temperature. Mane Hist. 
Inst. xii. Linked, eign isa ats 


Limited, restricted, finite: opposed to in- 


soft Powe Bie. Conti The determinate glory of an 
pore page he Fs wing f. Weer Fomine e. i. so Our soule 


1608 Poor yen St. Mary's 6 A superiority .. over 

c. Matk. Having a fixed value or magnitude. 

(Opp. to indeterminate); determinate ‘ 
> see quots. 


Wotzastox Relig. Nat. i. 13 As determinate and im- 
1722 dig. J 3 As 


and activitie cannot attend | 


referred to some given unit; as a ternary, or three; 


H. Mose Somg of Soul Butlet more hardy | of 
wt nok Say Tab Tne | “LA Waggon nd coming 10 a ed 
27 They do ly determinate ¢ . 1735 Mas. ae ee 
‘: Lemp erage xilins 1. east .to give my Pan 
once lore “tg Ch 
b. intr. To decide, come to a decision. = tes Ae eg ener Witcher. 
3639 Mag. or Hasitton £. Oath § Corenant xs To | Vanave ins The of oracles. 1586 
| treat, consult, or determinate in any matter of state. Day Eng. Sane reese 
| Eat Mon. tr. Bentivegtio’s Hist. Relat. 6 The absolu peda Brereton Trav. 
authority of determinating residing in the chief magistracies 1844) 153 After the determination of Abstes gots. 1659 
of every City. A a (1828) IV. 304 After the end or other deter- 
trans. To ordain, a mination Parliament. 3668 Currerrer & Core 
3636 E. Dacxss tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy 1. 83 The free sinat, me. £298 AB other Bones soso Sn Ties 
Crewensd comtone, ‘sige Gate Mage. | grow continually Passe Bead. a eh bepiags A dam 
irem. 151 Although nature and every naturall agent “. Eibuequent 10 the determination of Pilates government 
d i d to one 1874 St Const. Hist, 11. xvi. 465 The war continued 
4. To direct to some end ; todetermine the course | ;:***ming year by year further removed from a determina- 
of; to guide authoritatively or decisively. ‘ " 
fog! prvi f ber er reas. Dav. ps Law. im. a Gua as 
Ps. xxv.), A determinating of the very 1653 H. More a v7 Aare 
Antid. Ath. 1. xi. (1662) 35 To determinate the course of a heats 3 emo te 
the Spirits into this or that part of the Body. x6s9 | of the states..by deth without —_- wise. 
Pearson Creed I. 43 If we should apprehend more 198 W. Srarroxn Erawe. Compi. i. (1876) pte a 
Gods than one, I know not what could determinate us in os come to cor Annies... be Seem ee 
any instant to the actual adoration of any one. #1683 | such termes of yeares. oo Laren 
Wurcucore Disc. (1703) IIL. 36 "Tis no disparagement to | To take effect on the determination of the eseate t 7 
the Highest and wisest to be ruled and determinated by | Jarwax Powell's Dewises IL. 321 A devise of ele 
the reason of things. 1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. xii. 6x | the heirs of a person pares ger ten nye 
This Aspect, apt to cause Winds, is apt also to determinate | ¢states. 3875 Act 38-9 na 
ae aan aehenah individualize ee ee car ben oar ene cane 
S.Te he upon y, define, > Reports Weakly Notes 79/t Immediately after the deter 
= Z mination of defendant's tenancy. - 
168: M Exp. Dax. iv. Notes The is _ the 
determinated i Artaxerxes 3601 Guaxvatt 2 The coding of 0 controversy or sult byt 
u. 237 Though the Sir-name of the party be wanting, yet he | decision of a or arbitrator ; judicial or authori- 
is d inated so by other circumstances. tative decision or settlement (of a matter at issue). 
6. To render determi tg a aa 29s Fasvan Chron. va. 396 T0.! alt suche dum. 
ee anes to deneiadscoas Judges before whom he the determinacion of bis 


DETERMINATION. 


cause resteth. 1652 Nerepuam tr. Selden’s Mare Cl. 22 
The Nations to whose determination the matter was com- 
mitted, 1737 Col. Rec. Pennsylv.1V.187 Upon the final Deter- 
mination of our Disputes. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 116 
In the determination of this question the identity of virtue 
and knowledge is found to be involved. 1891 Sir R. V. 
Wiis in Law Times’ Rep. LXV. 609/1 The general 
——- of the right of the licensee was not essential to the 
letermination of that case. 

b. The decision arrived at or promulgated; a 
determinate sentence, conclusion, or opinion. 

1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 73 That ech determinacioun 
of the chirche of Rome is trewe on ech side. 1460 CarGRave 
Chron, 306 The determinacion of the Cherch and the 
Doctouris .. ar pleynly ageyn Holy Scripture. xgs2 App. 
Hamivton Catech. (1884) 5 The decisiouns and determina- 
tiouns of one counsallis. 1648 Mitton 7enure Kin, 
(1650) 59 The cleer and positive determination of all who 
have writt’n on this argument. 1711 Appison Sfect. No, 122 
?5 They were neither of them dissatisfied with the Knight's 
Determination. 1785 T. Batcuy Disc. 75 To listen to our 
Saviour’s determination,—‘ He that is without sin’. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 180 We must run a risk. .in coming 
to any determination about education. | 

+3. The settlement of a question by reasoning 
or argumentation ; discussion. Ods. 

¢1400 Test. Love 1.(R.), These clerkes sain, and in deter- 
minacion shewen, that three things hauen the names of 
Goddes been cleaped. 1593 Br. Anprewes (tit/e), A Deter- 
mination concerning Oaths. 

+ 4, The resolving of a question or maintaining of 
a thesis in a scholastic disputation ; sfec. in Uni- 
versity history, the name of certain disputations 
which followed admission to the degree of Bachelor 
of Arts, and completed the taking of that degree, 
qualifying the student for proceeding to the resi- 
dence and exercises required for the Master’s 
degree. Obs. exc. Hist. 

Determination took place regularly in the Lent following 
presentation for the B.A., and consisted originally in the 
determining by disputation of questions in grammar and 
logic. ‘It was originally, it would appear, a voluntary dis- 
putation got up by the Bachelors themselves in imitation of 
the magisterial Inception, but it was early recognized and 
enforced by the Universities.’ (Rev. H. Rashdall. 

[1408 in Munim. Acad. Oxon. (Rolls) 1. 241 Quia per 
solemnes determinationes Bachillariorum in facultate artium 
nostra mater Oxonia# universitas multipliciter honoratur. 
1517 Statutes of Corpus Chr. Coll., Oxon., c. xxiv, Bacca- 
laurei artium, completo prius post gradum baccalaureatus 
et determinationes triennio .. ad gradum magistratus . . pro- 
moveantur.} 1665 J. Buck in Peacock Stat. Cambridge 
(18. pope re the ice-Chancellor dismisseth the Answerer 
..then he beginneth his Determination. 1693-4 Gipson in 
Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 219 There is a Statute .. which 
upon extraordinary occasions allows twice Austins instead 
of Determinations. 1726 AMuerst Terra Fil. xlii. 223 The 
manner of this determination is as follows. All persons, 
that have taken their bachelor of arts degree since the Lent 
preceding, are obliged to dispute twice in one of the public 
schools .. and go to prayers at St. Mary’s Church every 
Saturday morning. 1822 in Fowler Hist. Corpus Chr. Coll. 

o2 The whole business and ceremony of Determination 

aving been now by competent authority abolished in the 
University. 1866 Rocers Agric. & Prices I. v. 121 The 
Determination Feast, that is the festival following the as- 
sumption of the Bachelor’s Degree, generally took place on 
Shrove ‘Tuesday. 1868 H. Anstey Munim. Acad. Oxon. 
(Rolls) Introd. 82 It was undoubtedly from the superior 
importance attached to logical studies that the name ‘de- 
termination’ took its rise, the ination for the bachelor’s 
degree consisting mainly of questions to be determined by 
the candidate. 1887 A. Crark Regr. Univ. Oxf. (O.H.S. 
II. 1. 63 All traces of determination have now disap 
from the procedure of the University. The last relic of it 
was abolished in 1855... To such a base end had ‘ deter- 
mining’ come. — 4 

5. The determining of bounds or fixing of limits ; 
delimitation; definition; a fixing of the extent, 
position, or identity (of anything). 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1, x. (1611) 28 The particular deter- 
mination of the reward or punishment. 1606 Suaks. 77. & 
Cr. 1. ii. 170 To make vp a free determination ’"Twixt right 
and wrong. 1651 Honses Leviath. 1. xlvi. 373 The Circum- 
scription of a thing, is. .the Determination, or Defining of its 
Place. 1665 Hooke MJicrogr. 54 A determination of Light and 
shadow. 1744 Harris Three Treat.i. (1765) 27 Is our Account 
still too loose and in need of stricter Determination? 1794 
S. Wituiams Vermont 283 The determination made by Con- 
gress of the boundary lines. 1860 ManseL Proleg. Logica iv. 
112 Under such determinations as the conditions of my 
sensibility require. 1866 J. G. Murruy Comun, Exod. xii. 
Introd., The determination of the parties who are admissible. 
1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant 1. 165 The determinations of 

are not q , but r , of the positions of 
erent parts of matter in relation to each other, 

b. Logic. (a) The rendering of a notion more 
determinate or definite by the addition of characters 
or determining attributes. (4) A determining 
attribute. 

1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 87 To be a ity is 
nothing else but to be the determination or pee ps of 
the thing whose — it is. 1838 Sim W. Hamitton Logic 
xi. (1866) I. 194 Every series of concepts which been 
obtained by abstraction, may be reproduced in an inverted 
order, when. . we, step by step, add on the several cl 
from which we had abstracted in our ascent. This process 
--is called ination. 1860 Masato Logica vi. 

pop 4 


Srecboentsaiempediy tekcltion, 1iey Bowes Lae 

viously separa efinition._ 1 v. 1 
Bales one is regarded as an attribute or deteriaiaaliall of 
the other. 


Be 
and infinite of Philolnes have become determinations 
in the Philebus. bid. 1V. 266 A multitude of abstractions 
pe Acwhécnb Tantent dl oe 


Se 


owetr Plato (ed. 2) HI. 595 The finite. 
Leica on 


269 


6. The action of definitely ascertaining the posi- 
tion, nature, amount, etc. (of anything). 
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. ut. iil. 263 The determina- 
tion of Insects in their several Species. 1717 J. Kei 
Anim, Gcon. Pref. (7738) 48 The Determination of the Vis 
Elastica was the Thought of the learned John Bernouli. 
x793 Enctertecp (¢7¢/e), On the Determination of the Orbits 
of Comets. 1845-6 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem, 
II. 181 The quantitative determination of earthy-phosphate 
sediments. 1882 L. B. Cart Treat. Calculus Variation 
61 The determination of these constants is not. . difficult. 
b. The result ascertained by this action; that 
which has been determined by investigation or 
calculation ; a conclusion, a solution. 

1570 Bittincstey Euclid 1. i. 9 The determination, which 
is the declaration of the thing required. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. w. vi. 194 That persons drowned arise and float 
the ninth day .. is a questionable determination. 1807 1’. 
Tuomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 162 The differences between their 
determinations were too great, 1831 Brewster Oftics iii. 25 
As philosophers have determined the index of refraction for 
a great variety of bodies, we are able, from those determin- 
ations, to ascertain the direction of anyray. 1857 WHEWELL 
Hist. Induct. Sc. 1. 105 Generally founded on astronomical 
determinations. 

7. Fixed direction towards some terminal point; 
decisive or determining bias. Zt. and fig. 

1660 Bovte New Exp. Phys. Mech. i. 35 Others, whose 
motion has an opposite determination. 1710 J. CLARKE 
Rohault's Nat. Phil. (1729) 1. 78 When a Body moves any 
particular way, the Disposition that it has to move that way, 
rather than any other, is what we call its Determination. 
1713 Appison Guardian No. 100 ® 7 The whole tribe of 
oglers gave their eyes a new determination. 1727-51 CHaM- 
BERS Cycl, s. v., Heavy bodies have a determination towards 
the centre of the earth. _ 1754 Epwarps Freed. Will 1. ii. 5 
When we speak of the Determination of motion, we mean 
causing the Motion of the Body to be sucha Way, or in such 
a Direction, rather than another. 1798 Matruus Popul. (1806) 
II. 11. x. 253 The real price of corn varies during periods 
sufficiently long to affect the determination of capital. 1836 
Sir W. Hamicton Discuss. (1852) 336 The determination 
given to the Church of Scotland..was not one of erudition. 
1881 Daily News 10 Mar. 5/3 An increasing determination of 
historic and genre painters towards landscape. 

b. spec. A tendency or flow of the bodily fluids, 
now esp. of the blood, to a particular part. 

1737 pores die ede Impr. (1757) 11. 203 Thre Distem- 
pers which proceed from an irregular and disorderly Deter- 
mination of the animal Spirits. 1805 W. Saunvers J/in. 
Waters 242 On account of the property of this natural 
water .. and from its rapid determination to the kidnies. 
1831 Scott Let. to A. Dyce 31 Mar. in Lockhart, Threatened 
with a determination of blood to the head. 1883 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Determination, the active direction to a part; as of 
blood to a special organ with increased vascular action. 

+8. The final condition to which anything has 


a tendency. Ods. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend, Ep.u.i. 50 The determination of 
uick-silveris properly fixation, that of milke coagulation, and 

that of oyle and unctious bodies onely incrassation. 1707 

Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 340 Each Corpuscle of Salt returns 

into the primitive Determination which it holds from Nature. 

9. Metaph. The definite direction of the mind 
or will toward an object or end, by some motive, 
regarded as an external force. 

¢1685 Soutn Serm., Will for Deed (1715) 389 Homage 
which Nature commands all Understandings to pay to it, 
by necessary Determination. 1690 Locke Hum, Und. iu. 
xxi. 50 The determination of the will, upon inquiry, is fol- 
lowing the direction of that guide: and he that has a power 
to act or not to act, according as such determination directs, 
is a free agent; such determination abridges not that power 
wherein liberty consists. 1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyc/., Deter- 
minations, again, are either moral or physical: a moral 
determination is that proceeding from a cause which operates 
morally. 1788 Reiw Act. Powers 1.1. vi. 571 Dr. Hutche- 
son, considering all the principles of action as so many de- 
terminations or motions of the will. 

10. The mental action of coming to a decision ; 
the fixing or settling of a purpose ; the result of 
this; a fixed purpose or intention. 

1548 Hatt Chron. an. 8 Edw. IV. 203 Havyng a sure deter- 
minacion, fixed in their myndes. 15; LamsarbE Peramdé. 
Kent (1826) 237 King Alfred was in Kent when he made 
determination of this journey. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's 
Husb. 1. (1586) 8 Cato would have a man Jong in determin- 
ation to builde, but to plant and sowe out of hand. 1630 
R. Fohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 107 The English had no 
determination to leave them. 1794 Mrs. Rapcurre Myst. 
Udolpho xxvi, Agitated with doubts and fears and contrary 
determinations. 1883 Sim T Martin Ld. Lyndhurst xvii. 
416 Lord Lyndhurst left office with the determination never 
again to return to it. Mod. From this determination no 
reasoning could move her. ; 

ll. The quality of being determined or resolute ; 
determinedness, resoluteness. 

1822 Scorr Nigel xxvii, Elizabeth possessed a sternness of 
masculine sense and determination which rendered even her 
we + -Fes| 
I had less determination in my heart, I could not love you 
so well. 1853 Sir H. Douctas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 145 
Never was .. operation executed with greater intelligence 
and determination. 1866 Gro. Exitor /. Holt (1868) 32 
There was an expression of acuteness and determination 
about him. 1 F, Hatt in Lippincott’s Mag. XV. 345/2 
In the same spirit of, determination. 

Determinative (dits1minctiv), a. and sé. 

a. F. déterminatif, -ive (15th c. in Godef. Supfi.), 

ppl. stem of L. déterminare to DETERMINE: see 

-IVE. A. adj. - 

1. ized by determining, deciding, 
fixing ; serving or tending to determine or decide. 


ble. 1829 Lytron Devereux u. xi, If | 


OF | of this 


DETERMINE. 


1655 BraMuHat Ags. petted pa That individual action. . 
cannot proceed from the special influence and determinative 

wer of a just cause. 1678 Gate Crt. Gentiles III. 23 
This efficacious concurse, as it determines and applies the 
second cause to act, is .. termed determinative. 1682 Lut- 
TRELL Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 205 The day appointed for pro- 
nouncing the determinative sentence in the cause. 1728 tr. 
Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 1.1. vi. 120 Vhe determinative Voice 
of the Head of the Church. 1865 Hotann Plain 7. v. 183 
Determinative of the character of life. 1884 Fairpatrn in 
Contemp. Rev. Mar. 360 The underlying conception, the 
determinative principle or idea. 

+b. Characterized by being determined or fixed. 

1677 Hate Contempl., Christ Crucif. (R.), Our Lord 
Christ’s body could not be longer detained under the power 
of death, then the determinative time of three days. 

2. Serving to limit or fix the extent, or the 
specific kind or character of anything : said of attri- 
butes or marks added with this purpose. Cf. B. 2. 

1697 J. Sercrant Solid Philos. 310 The one..is Common 
or Determinable properly by the other, and the other is 
Particular or Determinative of it. 1711 Suarress. Charac. 
(17 7) IIL. vi. vi. 385 If..we wou'd needs add some exteriour 
marks, more declaratory and determinative of.. Virtue and 
Pleasure. 1725 Watts Logic i. ii. § 5 ‘The term. .is deter- 
minative and limits the subject to a particular part of its 
extension. 1865 ‘lyvtor -arly Hist. Man. v. 99 The 
Egyptians do not seem to have got rid of their determi- 
native pictures, 1881 — Anthropol. vii.171 These examples 
..give some idea of the principles of its (Chinese writing] 
sound-characters and keys or determinative signs. 

B. sé. 

1. A determinative agent ; that which determines, 
decides, or impels in a given direction. 

1832 AustIN Yurispr. (1879) I. xxvii. 521 A right of action 
is not merely considered as an instrument or means of redress 
but as a restraint or determinative from wrong. 

2. That which serves to determine or define the 
character or quality of something else. a. In 
hieroglyphic writing, an ideographic sign annexed 
to a word phonetically represented, for the purpose 
of defining its signification. ‘Thus in the ancient 
Egyptian hieroglyphics there were generic deter- 
minatives which indicated the class of notions to 
which the word belonged, determtnatives of num- 
ber, etc. b. In Sctence of Language, a spoken 
syllable having an analogous function in some 
languages ; also, a determinative or demonstrative 
word. 

1862 Marsu Eng. Lang. iv. 67 Very many of the native 
Mono-syllables are mere Determinatives. 1862 RAwLinson 
Anc. Mon. |. iv. 81 The ‘ determinative’ of a god—the sign, 
that is, which marks that the name of a god is about to fol- 
low. 1875 Renour Egyptian Gram. 11 Plural nouns and 
adjectives usually .. take the sign ‘ or 111 after them asa 
determinative of plurality. 188z Tytor Anthropol. vii. 173 
Even where they spelt words by their sounds, they had a 
remarkable way of adding what are called determinatives, 
which are pictures to confirm or explain the spelt word. 
1883 Sayce Fresh Light Anc. Mon. i. 18 Determinatives .. 
characters which have no phonetic value, but which deter- 
mine the class to which the word they accompany belongs. 

Dete‘rminatively, adv. [f. prec. + “LY 2] 
a. In a determinative manner ; so as to determine. 
+ b= DETERMINATELY. 

1641 Argument Law in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 63 Such 
things as are intended immediately, directly, and determin- 
atively against the life and person of the King. 1643 Mar- 
SHALL Let. 14 To judge every person..in the Nation deter- 
minatively and conclusively, so as from that judgement 
there is no appealing. 1662 Everyn Chalcogr. 124 For the 
symmetrically conducting of his hatches, determinatively, 
and with certitude. 

Dete'rminativeness. [f. pr 
a. The quality of being determinative. 
TERMINATENESS 2; determination. 

1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 76 A due proportion of the organ 
of determinativeness in our peasantry and mechanics might 
make our subjugation a matter of absolute impossibility. 
185 I. Taytor Wesley (1852) 121 [Wesley] whose letters 
are eminent samples of succinct determinativeness. 

Determinator (dits-smine'tar). [a. L. déter- 
mindtor, agent-noun from L. déterminare to 1)k- 
TERMINE: with quot. 1556 cf. obs. F. détermr- 
nateur.) We who or that which determines in 
various senses of the verb); a determiner. 

1556 Aurelio & Isab. (1680) Dv, Of that they ware the 
juges, and determinateurs. 1642 Sir E. Derine Sf. on Relig. 
xiv. 44 The proper determinators of this point. 1646 Sir 
T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ut. v. 115 Three ceterminators of 
truth, Authority, Sense and Reason. 1855 Zss. /ntuit. 
Mor. 146 If a man set forth Moral pleasure as the deter- 
minator of his Will. 1879 H. Grorce Progr, & Pov. 18'lo 
make the ratio with production, and not the ratio with capital, 
the determinator of wages. ; 

Determine (dit5-1min), v. [a. OF. determine-r 
(12th c. in Littré), = Pr., Sp., It. determinar, ad. 
L. déterminare to bound, limit, determine, fix, f. 
L. De- I. 3+ 4erminare to set bounds to.] 

I. To put an end or limit to; to come to an end. 

1. trans. To put an end to (in time) ; to bring to 
an end; to end, conclude, terminate. (Now chiefly 
os To De determinare, diffint 

1483 Cath, A 98 To Determyn, determinare, difintre, 
distinguere, fe or 4 ag Chron. 5 At the Conquest 
I haye eke determyn: e vi. part. c1gro Mone Picus 
Wks. oft Death determineth the manifolde incommodities.. 

i 533 Lv. Berners Huon Wii. 1 Tt behoueth 
yne oure besy Ssirn in 


[f. prec. + -NESS.] 
b=De- 


ay 
vs ly to 


DETERMINE. 


Fuller's Abel Rediv,., Willet 573 Here also God determined | era which determined the 


his travails. 1709 Sreeie 7 atler No. 167 ® 5 Her Husband's 
Death .. would certainly have determined her Life. 1785 
Patey Mor. Philos, (1818) 1. 326 To determine a connexion 
which is become odious to both. 1818 Cruise Vigest (ed. 2) 
I¥. i A warranty .. may be defeated, determined, or 
avoided, in all or in s 1845 Sternen Laws Engl. (ed. 6) 
1, 298 The lessee ., hath determined his estate by his own 
default. 1874 Srusss Const, Hist. (1875) I. xvi. 441 The 
death of Edward III determined the crisis, 

+b. To cause to end z# (some conclusion). Oés. 

@ 1668 Denuam Poems 98 The people join’d In glad con- 
sent, and all their common fear Determine in my fate. 1673 
‘Temrte Odserv. United Prov. Wks. 1731 1. 25 Albert bent 
the whole Force of the War upon France, till he determined 
it in a Peace with that Crown. 

2. intr. (for ref.) To come to an end; to cease 
to exist or be in force; to expire, to die. (Now 
chiefly in Law.) 

©1374 Cuaucer 77vylus ut. 330 (379) That rather dye I 
wold, and determyne, As thinkith me, stokkid in prisoun. 
1571 Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 147 His interest in 
the said pewe to determyne. 1607 Suaks. Cor. m1. iii. 43 
Must all determine heere? 
life was to determine with his fathers. 1677 Cary Chronod. 
11. 1. 1. Vv. 104 The Year .. was that in which the 4th of the 
6th St fap in did Determine. 1770 Lancuorne Plutarch 
(1879) 1. 422/2 ‘The changes we have to experience only de- 
termine with our lives. 1794 Matuias Purs. Lit. (1798) 289 
‘The custom ceased and determined at Sir Matthew Mite’s 
election, 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 56 In fact the estate 
of Martin did not determine by his death, surrender, or for- 
feiture, but by the death of King Charles II]. 1883 Giap- 
stone SP. in Parl. 19 July, Vhe privileges... do not deter- 
mine with the life of M. de Lesseps. 

b. To end zz (a termination, conclusion, or re- 
sult); ‘to end consequentially’ (J.). Ods. or arch. 

1605 CAMDEN Rem. (1637)-143/4, As long as issue male con- 
tinued, which determined in John Moubray Duke of Nor- 
folke. a 1631 Donne in Spurgeon 77reas. Dav. Ps. Ixvi. 3 
As long as their rage determined in his person, he opened 
not his mouth. 1654 ‘lrarr Comm. ¥ob xxi. 13 Vheir merry 
dance determineth in a miserable downfall. 1684 Contem/d. 
State of Man. vii. (1699) 71 ‘The Misery wherein all the 
Felicity of this World is to determin. a@1716 Soutn Serv, 
(1744) X. 78 But that which begins in vanity, must needs 
determine in vexation of spirit. 1767 Byron's Voy. r. World 
114 The head is small ..and determines in a snout. 1875 
Srusps Const. Hist. U1. xviii. 4 The crisis. .is to determine 
in that struggle between the crown and the commons which 
the last two centuries have decided. 

+3. trans. To set bounds to; to bound, limit. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. RK. x1x. i. (1495) 861 Colour is 
the vttermest party..that is determyned fro the vtter party 
of a bodyly thynge. 1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. Elem. Bij, 
A Circle is a plaine figure, determined with one line, which 
is called a Circumference. 1601 HoLLtanp /’/iny 1. 128 
Many of the Geographers set not downe Indus the riuer, 
for to determine the marches of the Indians Westward. 1654 
Cromwe et Sf. 22 Jan. (Carlyle', It determines his power. 
1689 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 311 The ‘Two Countyes shall 
have the Moors of the sayd Countyes otherwise determined. 
1732 Atterbury (J.), That hill which thus determines 
their view at a distance. 

b. Logic. To limit by adding differences ; to 
limit in scope. 

(1ss5 Watreman Fardle Facions un. iv. 141 Determinyng 
the ‘l'radicions of Moyses, by certein ordenaunces and de- 
crees, whiche thei them selues [Phariseis] sette vp.] 1838 
Sir W. Hamitton Logic xi. (1866) 1. 194 When we deter- 
mine any notion by adding on a subordinate concept, we 
divide it. 1842 Anr. THomson Laws 7. Ixxxvii. (1860) 158 
Some mark may be added .. which narrows the extent of 
both, but renders them more definite—better determined. 

+e. ‘To limit 40, restrict 40. Ods. 

1450-1530 J/yrr. our Ladye 101 Soche a fredome as is de- 
termyned to nothynge in certeyne, but yt may be apyiyed 
generally, 1659 Hammonb Ox /’s, xix. 11 Annot. 115 ‘The 
context seems rather to determine it to the first. .sense, 1690 
Locke Hum, Und, ui. ix. §17 No one has Authority to 
determine the signification of the word Gold .. more to one 
Collection of Ideas .. than to another, 1691 Ray Creation 
4, (1704) 380 Not..necessarily determined to one manner of 
Respiration. 

I. To bring to an end a dispute, controversy, or 
doubtful matter ; to conclude, settle, decide, fix. 

4. trans. To settle or decide (a dispute, question, 
matter in debate), as a pee or arbiter. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Se?. IVs. ILL. 345 Pat 3if pe pope determine 
ou3t, panne it is soip & to bileue. ¢1440 Generydes 1695 To 
determyne [4/5 -mytte] this mater, Generydes was brought 
owt. 1§26 TinpALe Acts xix. 39 Itt may be determined ina 
lawfull congregacion. 1530 Patsor. 514/2, I determyne, I 
make a conclusion in a mater. 1576 FLeminc Panofl. Epist. 
246 Sitting in his long gowne, or riche robe, is occupied in 
suche matters as are SAvin to be determined. 1588 Suaxs. 
Tit. A. 1. i. 407 Let the lawes of Rome determine all. 1660 
V rial Regic. 9 Authorized by the King's Majestie to hear, 
and determine, all ‘Treasons, Felonies, and other Offences. 
e1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 260 Matters of Life and death 
are not here tryed or determined. 1868 Mitman S¢. Paul's 
vii. 133 The Dean,presided in all causes brought before the 
Chapter, aud determined them. 1868 M. Partison Academ, 
Org. iv. 114 This ambi d d i 


iguity should be d in one 
direction or in the other. : 

b. with an object expressing the sentence, con- 
clusion, or issue. 

1647 CLarenvon //ist. Red, 1. (1843) 6/1 He would under- 
take .. that his presence would in a moment determine the 
restitution of the palatinate to his brother and_ sister. 
1751 Jounson Kaméler No, 181 P 3 The time at which every 
man’s fate was to be determined. 1752 Hume Ess. § Treat. 
(1777) I. 108 The laws will... d ine the punish 
the criminal. - 1832 Ht. Martineau Each & Adi v. 67 The 

ircumstances which determine the recompense of each. 
1853 J. H. Newman Hist. S&, (1873) 1. 1. i. 86 It was an 


1615 G. Sanvys /'rav.73 His | 


270 


of the world. 1875 Jowetr 
Plato (ed. 2) V. 63 The law determine all our various 
duties towards ives. 

¢. with subordinate clause, expressing the matter 
at issue. a 

1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 385 And whedir the of 
_ were good other ille, trouthe hathe determyhedag6 

Aus Bullinger on A poc. (1573) 192 Lucius the third. .deter- 
mineth playnly, that heretickes are stricken with an euer- 
lastyng curse. 1568 Grarton Chron. LI. 227 To determine 
what was meetest to be done in this matter. 1589 R. Harvey 
fl. Perc. (1290) 15 As senseles, as they which determine 
vpon an Ale bench whether the passenger .. be a Saint or 
a Diuell. 1611 Biste Acts xxvii. 1 When it was determined 
[earlier vv. demed, concluded, decreed] that we should saile 
into Italy. 1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv.V. 105 It might now be 
determin'd whether the Council's Speech to the Assembly 
.-Shou'd be Printed. 1834 Sourney Doctor Ixv, (1862) 137 
Far happier are they who always know what they are to do, 
than they who have to determine what they will do. 1887 
Ruskin Preterita Il. 179, I determined that the Alps were, 
on the whole, best seen from below. 

5. intr. To come to a judicial decision ; to give 
a decision ; to decide. + Const. of (on). 

c 1384 Cuaucer 1, Fame 1.343 Wayte vpon the conclusyon, 
And eke how that ye determynen, And for the more ‘part 
diffynen. ¢1477 Caxton ¥ason 72 Smale thinges of which 
they shall haue the knowleche for to determine. 15; 
‘Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 41/2 Suche men.. althoug 
they affirme, yet can poy A certeinely determine of nothing. 
1598 Haxcuyt /’oy. 1.68 Neither. .to speake of any affaires, 
after they haue beene determined of by the Emperour. 1613 
Suaks. //en. V/1/, 1. i. 214 You shall to th’ ‘Tower, till you 
know How he determines further. 1634 W. Tirwnyt tr. 
Balzac's Lett. 244 Who have reason enough to doubt, but 
not science sufficiently to determine rightly. 1709 StryPe 
Ann, Ref. 1. xxxix. 447 Cox, Bishop of El , determined on 
both questions. 1751 { Posen Rambler ns: 155? 4 The 
general inability of man to determine rightly concerning his 
own. 1759 Frankiin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 268 The repre- 
sentatives of the people have an undoubted right to judge 
and determine. .of the sum to be raised. 1767 Yunins Lett. 
xxxv, 166 What .. remains, but to leave it to the people to 
determine for themselves ?..They alone ought to determine. 

+b. To decide for. Obs. 

1624-25 Br. Mountacu Corr. 3. Cosin (865) I. 42, I deter- 
mine next weke for Pettworth. 1750 Br. Hurp in War- 
burton's Lett, (1809) 52 He has determined for the Law. 

e. To decide or fix upon, on. (Blending with 
18 c, q. v.) 

+6. To lay down decisively or authoritatively ; 
to pronounce, declare, state. (Const. as in 4, 5.) 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 86 Of theorique —— The 
philosophre in speciall The propretes hath determined. 
c1400 Rom. Rose 4885 Of ech synne it is the rote.. As 
‘Tulius can determyne. 1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Aja, 
Here in thys booke folowyng is determyned the lynage of 
Coote armuris. 

+b. To decide or declare to be; to term. Odés. 

1653 H. More Antid. Ath, u. xi. (1712) 161 This he de- 
termines primogenious moisture. = : 

+ 7. trans. To settle or fix beforehand; to ordain, 
decree ; to ordain what is to be done. Odés. 

1382 Wycuir Acts xvii. 26 Determynynge tymes ordeyned, 
and termes of habitacioun. 1535 CoveRDALE /sa. x. 23 Y® 
Lorde .. shal perfectly fulfil the thinge, that he hath deter- 
myned. 1586 A. Day Lag. Secretary 1. (1625) 121 His 
houre was come, so was it determined, which way could 
shun it? 16x Biste 1 Sa. xxv. 17 For evil is determined 
against our master. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. iii. 
263 Some superintendent Intellectual Nature, that by cer- 
tain election and choice determined things. 1758 S. Hay- 
WARD Sermt. xiv. 408 God .. determined holiness to be the 
way to everlasting happiness. oe 

8. trans. To fix or decide causally ; to condition 
as a cause or antecedent. 

1651 Hopes Leviath. 1. x. 42 As in other things. .not the 
seller, but the buyer determines the Price. 1758 OHNSON 
Rambler No. 141 ? 2 The whole tenor of his life has been 
determined by some accident of no apparent moment. 1839 
Murcuison Silur. Syst. 1. xxxvi. 505 These divergences 
have. . been determined by the eruptive forces which evolved 
the trap rocks. 1856 Emerson ng. Traits, Wealth Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 72 The wealth of London determines prices all 
over the globe. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. ii. 73 Dante 
has determined classical Italian. 1883 Gitmour Mongols 
xviii. 213 His religion .. determines for him the colour and 
cut of his coat. ; 

9. To decide upon (one of several) ; to fix (which 
or what it is to be). 

1659 Pearson Creed (1662) 195 The apertion of the wombe 
determineth the first-born, 1720 Ozet. Vertot's Rom. Kep. 
IL. x. 155 To rob his Enemy of the cruel Pleasure of deter- 
mining Sebel of. . set gh 177% pass, Gesrenn tr. Viaud's 
Shipwrec Let us then determine the ers 
lot. M *Cosu Div, Govt. um. i. (1874) 269 It is the sy 
which determines what is to be preferred or rejected. 1886 
Sir J. Stixuine in Law Times’ 9 LV. — Determining 
what particulars of objections ought to be allowed. 

b. with alternative clause. 

1772 Hist. Rochester 33 Whether in this tower..I cannot 
determine. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 325 To deter- 
mine whether he should or should not consider it as his own. 

+10..To conclude from reasoning, investigation, 
etc, (a thing fo be, or that it is). Obs. : 

1494 Fanyan Chron. i. xxv. 54 Whiche length of tyme is of 
some Auctour determyned to be Jonge and of some but shorte, 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 163 b, Rosell, Angelus, 

other doctours determyneth & udeth that [etc. 
1559 W. CunnINGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 26 Stadium . . whi 
length Plinie determineth to be 125 _ x62x Burton 
Anat: Mel. 11. ii. 1. (1676) 162/2 Thus Clavius and Maginus, 
etc., with their follo vary and determine of these celes- 
tial orbs and bodies. 1788 Prirsttey Lect, Hist. 1. xvi. a2 
Bishop Fleetwood has determined. .that five pounds in 


| compleint to Bochas determine. 


| wyste on which parte to determine your byleue. 


DETERMINE. 


reign was valent to twenty eight, or thirty, now. 
Mi me Alicia de IV. 218 Hereford rem] 
mined him to be an audacious knave. : 

11. ¢rans. To ascertain definitely by observation, 
examination, calculation, etc. (a a previously 
unknown or uncertain) ; to fix as 

1650 Futter Pisgah 1. vii. 18 It is hard to determin their 
exact habitation. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth u (1722) 121 
‘The entire Circle may still be describ’d, and its Original 
Situation determin’d. 1715 Desacutiers Fires Lmpr. 
We shall in the third Bock determine Ui. Biquess. ond 
Situation of those Cavities. 1 Wuiston Yosephus's 
Hist, Pref. § 10 The measures ose edifices. .all accur- 
ately determined, 1806 Hutton Course Math. 1. 367 Having 
given the Area .. of a Rectangle, inscribed in a given Tri- 
angle; to determine the Sides of the Rectan 1811 
Pinkerton Petrad. 1. 357 A rock very difficult to determine. 
1824 De Quincey Pol. Econ. Dial. v. (1860) 553 As when 
I say that the thermometer determines the , Viz., that 
it determines or ascertains it to my knowledge. 1860 Tyn- 
DALL Glac. 1. viii. 60 We also determined both the velocity 
and the width of the Glacier. 1861 F. Haut in ¥rnd. Asiat. 


| Soc. Bengal 147 He has determined him to a. D. 499. 


Bosw. Smitn Carthage 201 Some difficulty in Wha 
the route by which he approached it. 
12. Geom. (trans.) Yo fix or define the position of. 
1840 Larpner Geom. xiii. 159 To determine a similar 
system of points. 1885 Leupesporr Cremona’s Proj. Geom. 
175 I'wo projective ranges of points d ine an involution ; 
for they determine the apr ogee 5, which determines the 
involution. 
b. intr. To be defined as to position. 
1885 I.eupEsporF Cremona's Proj. Geom. 285 All straight 
lines passing through U determine on the circumference. 
3. To discuss and resolve a disputed question 
(determinare questionem), or maintain a_ thesis 
against an opponent in a scholastic disputation, es- 
pecially in a disputation by which a student entered 
upon the degree of B.A. ; hence, absolutely, To per- 
form the exercises of DETERMINATION (sense 4) 
which completed the degree of Bachelor of Arts, 
and enabled the student to proceed to qualify himself 


for the Master’s degree. Ods. exc. Hist. 

[1267 in Munim. Acad. O.xon. (Rolls) 1. 34 Ut certa forma 
provideretur sub qua Bachillarii artium determinaturi ad 
determinandum forent admittendi.] _1§70-6 LamBakDE 
Peramb. Kent (1826) 193 That a young Novesse should thus 
boldly determine at their disputations. 1649 Order 26 Jan. 
in Wood Life (Oxf. H. S.) 1. 149 That all Bachelaurs of this 
University who have not determined the last yeare do deter- 
mine this Lent. 1691 — Ath. O-von. II. 413 After he had 
taken the degree of Bach. of Arts and determined. a 1695 
— Life Il. 517 Every bachelor was to determine twice be- 
tween the 17 Feb, to 7 March. 1 . CHAMBERLAYNE S¢. 
Gt. Brit, 1. i. xi. (1743) 281 He 1s obliged .. to propose a 
question in the publick Schools within a Year after he hath 
taken the said Degren (D.D.], and to determine upon the 
same. 1878 A. CLark Reg. Univ. Oxf.(O.H.S.) 11.1. 50 In 
some cases the University bound over the ‘ admissi’ to de- 
termine next Lent under a money penalty. /ééd.,On 17 Feb. 
1599 a committee was appointe; to provide a scheme by 
which bachelors’ pr might be compelled to determine. 

III. To direct to some end or conclusion; to 


, come to some conclusion. 


14. trans. To give a terminus or aim to; to give 
tendency or direction to; to direct; to decide the 
course of; to impel 40 (some destination). 

a 1430 Lypc. Bochas 1x. xxxii. (1554) 211 b, He .. Gan_his 
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 
121 Pt Such an Operation. .as. .determines all the Portions 
of Matter to their proper Centres. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. 151 ® 4 Accidental impulses determine us to different 
paths. 1753 N. Torrtano Gangr. Sore Throat 71 Determin- 
ing the morbific Matter from the internal to the. .external 
Parts. 1798 Mattuus /opud. (1806) II. mm. x. 252 Thus de- 

ini q ros ital to this particular 
employmen| aga Grove Corr, Phys. Forces 80 A power 
. of determining the oxygen of the liquid to its > 
b. fig. To direct, impel, give a direction or defi- 
nite bias to. 

1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 164/2 Ye shoulde —- 

3 J. 
Satxetp 7reat. Angels 221 Are by reason of the same 
beatitude so prevented and determined to all good. .that in* 
no wise they can sinne, 1662 Srituincrt. Orig. Sacr. ut. iii. 
$7 If this power of determining its self either way must be 
taken away. a Rust Disc. Truth (1682) 189 It is no 
imperfection in God to be determined to Good. Locke 
Hum, Und. 1. xxi. § 50 We are with a power to 
suspend any particular desire, and keep it from determining 
the will, and engaging us in action. 1772 W. CULLEN /nst. 
Med. w. § 202 Animals are deter d to take in 
the appetites of hunger and thirst. | Six W. Hamit- 
TON etaph. (2077) 1-1. 93 Sp lative truth is valuable onl, 
as it determines a greater quantity of 
activity. 1842 Grove Corr, Phys. Forces 
mines or facilitates the action ical 

15. intr. To take its course, go, tend ¢o (a par- 
ticular terminus or destination). arch. b 

1651 Life Father Sarfi (1676) 61 Until it might be dis- 
cerned whether the y would determine to life, or 
death. 1656 SANDERSON Serr. (1689) 542 They all determine 
and concentre there, 1805 W. Saunvers A/in, Waters 293 
A dose of this water .. will generally determine rw 4 
powerfully to the kidnies. 1839 Bawey /estus xxi. (1 
272 To none they all beanie ones it aged pe Ive 

When the separating judgment shall come on, 
{hu ing) d ines to the place he loves _ 

+b. intr. To be directed ufon (anything) as a 

goal or final ae. Obs. i5 ia “ 
‘er, Tayior Gt. Exemp. 1. 12. 94 hopes 
estan upon any thing lesse 


ought not to omy 
cians bennons ‘Lbid. ix. § 18 To suffer corporal austerities 


ter ag 
it. 


power into 
It only deter- 


DETERMINED. 


with thoughts determining upon the external action or ima- 
ginations of sanctity inherent in the action. 

16. trans. To decide the course of (a person) ; 
to bring to the determination, decision, or reso- 
lution (¢0 do something), 

1672 Witkins Nat, Relig. 29 He. .shall not be able to deter- 
mine himself to the belief or practice of any thing. 1712 
Strece Sfect. No, 278 ? 2 A distressed Damsel, who 
intends to be determined by your Judgment. 1741 MippLe- 
ton Cicero (1742) ILI. 1x. 56 All these informations de- 
termined him at last not to venture to the Senate. 1788 T. 
Jerrerson IV’rit, (1859) II. 520 Determining the fishermen 
to carry on their trade from their own homes. 1818 Mrs. 
Suettey Frankenst. vi. (1865) 97 ‘These reflections deter- 
mined me and I resolved to remain silent. 182x Scorr 
Kenilw. xx, A step to which Janet by farther objections 
only determined her the more obstinately. 1886 DowpENn 
Shelley Il. i. 7. [She] took credit to herself for having 
determined Shelley to travel abroad. 

+17. ref. To bring oneself to a decision; to 
come to the resolve (¢o do something). [=F se 
determiner.| Obs. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 267 They upon this medicine Ap- 

inten hem and determine That..'They wolde [etc.]. 1477 

ARL Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1, I determyned me to take 
that voyage. 1490 Act7 Hen, VII,c. 1 Preamb., The King 
: hath determined himself to pass over the Sea. r7or tr. Le 
Clere’s Prim. Fathers (1702) 57 ‘Tis the part of a Witty Man, 
to Determine himself speedily upon all sorts of Questions. 

18. intr. (for ref.) To come to the decision, re- 
solve definitely (¢o do something). ‘In carly use 
often fo determine with oneself. 

1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 226 The moste meke wylle of 
the Vyrgyn vtterly determyned to sarue god. 1g09 Hawes 
Past, Pleas. u. vi, I have determyned in my judgement, 
For La Bell Pucell. . To passe the waye of so greate jeopardy. 
1526-34 TinpaLe Acts xx. 16 Paul had determined [Wycuir, 
Rhem., purposed] to leave Ephesus as they sailed. 1530 
Parser. 514/2 Whan I determyne with my selfe todoa thyng. 
1548 Hatt Chron. 187 b, Hein the meane season determined 
to make hys abode in Scotland. /é/d. 194 b, He determined 
with him selfe clerely to marye with her. 15390 Martowe 
and Pt. Tamburl. 11. ii, Determines straight To bid us battle 
for our dearest lives. 1 Rosertson Chas. V, V. 1v. 375 
He determined to set the highest price upon Francis’s free- 
dom. 1808 Med. Frnl. X1X. 437 The obstinacy. .of the 
fever made me determine .. to administer some remedy. 
1891 E. Peacock NV. Brendon I. 310 Narcissa determined to 
go at once. 

b. with subordinate clause or equivalent. 

Dom N. Licuertetp, tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. i. 3 
Taking order and determining with Pedro.., that at a time 
appointed they shuld meet. 1594 Martowr & NasHEe 
Dido v. i, That have I not determin’d with myself. 1736 
Butter Ana. 1. i. Wks. 1874 I, 24 A man determines, that 
he will look at such an object. 

ce. To resolve zfon, on, + of (some course of 
action). With indirect passive, Zo de determined 
on or upon. 

This 4 tape to combine senses 5 and 18, and to pass im- 
perceptibly from the sense decide to that of resolve. 

1607 SHAKs, Co”. Iv. i, 35 Determine on some course. 1636 
tr. Ariana 307, I could not as yet determine of what I was 
to doe. 1754 J. Suespeare Matrimony (1766) I. 19 [This] 
seduced him to determine on the Life of a Gentleman, when 
his Uncle should die. 1801 Mrs. Cu. Smita Solitary Wand. 
I. 33 Unable to determine on what answer they were to give. 
1883 Froupe Short. Stud. 1V.1. vi. 69 The bishops. .deter- 
mined on a further appeal tothe pope. 1885 Manch. Exam, 
26 June 5/4 Not at present definitely determined on. 

d. zmpersonal passive. 7 

1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxix, It was determined 
to sell the place. i‘ 

19. Zo be determined, to have come to a decision 
or definite resolve (/0 do something) ; to be finally 
and firmly resolved. (Cf. DerERMINED £//. a.) 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 771 If she finally 
were determined to kepe him. 1529 — Dyaloge 1. Wks. 161/2 
One, whom she is determined neuer to mary. 1594 Saks. 
Rich. IIT, 1. i. 30 Therefore, since I cannot proue a Louer.. 
I am determined to prouea Villaine. 1601 — $¥ud. C. v. i. 
zoo What are you then determined to do? 1725 De For 

Voy. round World (1840) 19 If I had been otherwise de- 
termined. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 208 Being now 
determined as to the composition of the mortar for the 
Edystone. 1866 Gro. Exior #. Holt (1868) 17 No; I’m 
determined not to sleep up-stairs. 
+b. To be bound for. Obs. 

1784 R. Bace Barham Downs 1. 222 Sir George is deter- 

mined for Switzerland in a few days. 


5 a (d?ts-1mind), Af/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1, ; 
1. Terminated, ended. 

1581 J. Bert Haddon's Answ. Osor. 444 Albeit the thing 
itselfe. ;be past, and y° tyme thereof determined, 

2. Limited, restricted: a. as to extent; b. as 
to freedom of action or choice ; conditioned. 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. m. i. 70 Perpetual durance, 
arestraint..Toadetermin’d scope. 1805 Worpsw. Prelude 
1, 641 "Tis a theme Single and of determined bounds. 

* 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 53 Fails to render such 
a fact as free-will in the offspring of absolutely determined 
natures even conceivable. : 

3. Decided, settled, fixed; decided or resolved 
upon, 

156r T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. 113 Let vs hold for 
determined, that the life of man is instructed in the law. 
1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist 193 He —— him selfe to 
cloake his determined mischiefe. 1602 T. FitzHersert 
Afol. 21a, So farre as my determined breuity wil permit, 

3 OwEN Pembrokeshire (1891) 197 {I] fall into —— 
ny matter to speake of Pembrokshire. 1650 J. Taytor 
oly Living iii. § 4 (1727) 173 It is a determined rule in 


271 


divinity. 1836 J. Gitsert Chr. A fonem. ix. (1852) 261 Some 
determined bias must have existed. 

4. Appointed, ordained ; fixed beforehand. 

2a 1500 Wycket (1828) 3 The chosen .. shalbe made whyte 
tyll a tyme determined. x W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. 
Glasse 25 Not any determined, or appointed measure, as 
a yarde, a furlong. 1580 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 284 Caused 
al the company to breake off their determined pastimes. 
159 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VT, ww. vi.g To my determin’d time 
thou gau'’st new date. 1612 T. ‘Taytor Comm, Titus i. 3 
They are so by the determined counsell of God. 

5. Defined, definite, exact; distinctly marked or 
laid down ; fixed. 

1570 Dre Math, Pref. 3 If a Poynt moue from a deter- 
mined situation. 1582 Batman Tvevisa’s Barth. de P. R. 
mt, xx. 21 If it had a determined savour. .it might not take 
the savour of another thing. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. i. v. 
§14 Names..when they have any determin'd Signification. 
1726 Leon Adberti’s Archit. V1. 55a, Others set apart 
a certain determined place of burial. 1733 Neat ///st. 
Purit. 11, 375 Oaths ought to be explicit, and the words 
as clear and determined as possible. 1789 Gitpin Ilye 10 
A body of water .. wearing any determined form. 1796-7 
Iustr, §& Reg. Cavalry (1813) 77 The determined line on 
which the pivots of the column are to stand. 1891 RosSEBERY 
Pitt xi. 194 Some cynical offer .. of his interest for a deter- 
mined price. 

6. Definitely ascertained or identified. 

1817 Cuatmers Astron. Disc. i. (1852) 21 A round ball of 
a determined magnitude. 1882 /xtomol. Mag. Mar. 235 
Specimens. .either determined or undetermined. 

7. a. Of persons: Characterized by determination 
or final and fixed resolve; resolute; not to be 
moved from one’s purpose. 

1772 Aun. Reg. 26/2 Because they were determined deists. 
1803 G. Rose Diaries (1860) 11. 46 The King..is a deter- 
mined Antigallican. 1847 Emerson Rep Men, Goethe 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 3y1, I meet the eyes of the most determined 
of men. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V.1. ii. 24 Intimating 
that the king would find him a most determined antago- 
nist, 1885 F. ‘Temrce Relat. Relig. §& Sc.i. 4 Science and 
Religion seem very often to be the most determined foes to 
each other. 1887 77iz¢s 10 Oct. 3/3 ‘I'wo determined look- 
ing men, were charged with being suspected persons. 

b. Of personal properties, actions, etc.: Show- 
ing determination, unflinching, unwavering. 

1604 SHAKS. Oth. 11. ili. 227 Cassio following him with 
determin’d Sword To execute vpon him. 1765 Sterne 77. 
Shandy VII. ix, With as determined a pencil as if I had 
her in the wettest drapery. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt I. xvii. 
277 There was a determined resolution. .against any vigorous 
exertion of the national power. 1837 Disravwi I exetia 1. 
ii, Gave a determined ring at the bell. 1856 Emerson Ang. 
Traits, Times Wks. (Bohn) II, 119 Courage, not rash and 
petulant, but considerate and determined. 

e. (For the predicative use in 40 be determined, 
see DETERMINE @. 19.) 

Dete'rminedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly*%.] In 
a determined, decided, or resolute manner. 

¢1540 Deposit. in Old IVays (1892) 100 Her mynde was 
determynedly fyxitt that she wolde not marrye with hym. 
1790 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 20/1 The .. club, so deter- 
minedly inimical to monarchy. 1811 Chron. ibid. 7 After 
fighting 25 minutes most determinedly. 1849 Ruskin Sev. 
Lamps v. § 6. 141 In every style that is determinedly pro- 
gressive. 1870 Miss BripGman Ro. Lynne II, xiii. 268 She 
tied on her bonnet grimly and determinedly. 

Dete'rminedness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.] 
The quality of being determined or resolute. 

1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) I. iii. r2 So much deter- 
minedness; such a noble firmness in my sister. 1771 
T. Hutt Sir W. Harrington (1797) 1V. 25 With a deter- 
minedness, in his looks, that made me tremble. 1883 Chicago 
Advance 15 Mar., A persistent determinedness that has 
known no discouragement. 

Determiner ! (d/t3-1minoz). 
v.+-ER |] 

1. He who or that which determines, in various 
senses. &. He who or that which decides. 

1530 Patscr. 213/1 Determyner, delerminevr. 1584 
Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 59 Anie other determinors of 
the issue. 1653 A. Witson Yas. J, 167 The Sword, as it is 
the best determiner, so it is the most honourable T'reater. 
1659 Mitton Civ, Power Wks. 1738 I. 547 No Man or body 
of Men in these times can be the infallible Judges or Deter- 
miners in matters of Religion. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison 
(1781) III. xvi. 125 Miss Grandison must be the sole deter- 
miner on this occasion. 1884 Century Mag. XXVIII. 122 
The determiner of the future policy of the Church. 

b. That which decides the course of action, or 
determines the result. 

1784 Epwarps Freed. W711 1. ii. (1762) 5 If the Will be 
determined, there is a Determiner. This must be supposed 
to be intended even by them that say the Will determines 
itself. bid. 11. vii. go The opportunity that is left for the 
Will itself to be the determiner of the act. 

e, One who ascertains definitely. 

1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii, II. 18 The original determiner 
of this epoch. i 

+2. A determining bachelor of arts ;=DETER- 
MINANT B 1. Ods. (exc. Hist.) 

1574 M. Stoxys in Peacock Stat. Cambridge (1841) App. 
A. 6 [The bell shall] be tolled in every Colledge, Howse, 
Hall or Hostell where eny Determiners be. 1726 AMHERST 
Terre Fil. xiii. 224 The collectors..draw a scheme .. in 
which the names of all determiners are placed in several 
columns, and over against them, in other columns, the days 
when, and the schools where, they are to respond. 

+ Determiner 2. Zaw. [subst. use of F. déter- 
miner pres. inf.) The final determining of a judge 
or court of justice : in over and determiner, a variant 


[f. DETERMINE 


of ayer and terminer. (Obs. exc. Hist.) 


DETERMINING. 


1450 Paston Lett. No. 103 1.138 That ye hadde sued hym 
for an especiall assise, and an oier and determiner. 1548 
Hatt Chron, 169 b, A commission of oyer and determiner, 
for the punishement of this outragious: offence & sedicious 
crime, 1583 Stusses Anat. A dus. 11, (1882) 106 Lustices of 
Assises, Ewer, Determiner, and the lyke. 1633 1’. StarForD 
Pac. Hib, i. (1821) 16 Of Oyer, Determiner, and Goale de- 
liverie, 1848 WHarton Law Lex., Oyer and Terminer.. 
sometimes written determiner. 

Determining (d/ts1miniy), vé/. sd. [f. De- 
TERMINE ¥, + -ING1.] The action of the verb 
DLTERMINE; determination. (Now chiefly gerun- 
dial.) 

1530 Patscr. 213/1 Determyning, ferminance, delermina- 
tion. 1580 HottyBann 7reas. ly. Tong, Determinance .. 
the determining or ending of a thing, 1607 Hirxon Wks. 
I. 117 The determining of all cases and questions in religion. 
1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 22 The .. inconsiderate deter- 
mining of youths to the profession of learning. 1726 Leont 
tr. dlberti’s Archit. 1. 9a, We must have regard to the.. 
Use of every Edifice in the determining of its Situation. 
(1772 C. Hutton Bridges 4 Their spans are still necessary 
for determining their figure. ] 

In academic use = DETERMINATION 4. 

1675 (25 Feb.) in A. Wood Life & 7. (O. H.S.) IT. 309 
Officers that have fees for determining. 1887 [see DrtER- 
MINATION 4]. we 

Dete‘rmining, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] 

1. That determines ; esp. that decides, or leads to 
a decision ; that fixes the course or issue. 

71x STEELE Sect. No. 158 P 3 A certain positive and 
determining manner in which you talk. 1842 Grove Corr. 
Plys. Forces 45 Vhe force of heat seems more a deter- 
mining than a producing influence. 1856 Froupe //ist, Eng. 
(1858) I. ii. r10 The determining principle of their action, 
1884 Atheneum 23 Feb, 241/1 What was the determining 
motive? 

b. Terminating, ending. 

1893 Daily News 21 Feb. 7/8 What is called the determining 
school year (that is the school year ended last before the rst 
Jan. 1891). 

+2. Performing the academic exercise of DETER- 
MINATION : determining bachelor, a bachelor of arts 
who had to determine in the Lenten disputations 
of the year. Ods. exc. in Undversity Hist. 

1649 Order 26 Jan., in Wood Life & 7.10. H.S.) I. 149 That 
all determining Bachelaurs do meet at St. Marie's at 12 of the 
clock ,. and be conducted to the Schooles by the bedells. 
1709 STEELE & Swirt 7'atler No. 71 8 Nota Senior Fellow 
{will] make a Pun, nor a determining Batchelor drink 
a Bumper, 1721 Amuerst Verve /'7d. No. 42 (1726) 232 The 
collectors. .are chosen out of the determining batchelors by 
the two proctors. 1887 A. CLark ANegistr. Univ. Oxf. 11.1. 
52 To arrange the determining bachelors into groups, so that 
each determining bachelor might dispute twice at least. 

Hence Determiningly adv. 

a1641 Br. MountaGue Acts & Alon. (1642) 489 We dare 
not determiningly resolve, wee ought not boysterously to 
rush upon it, | 

Determinism (d/t5-uminiz’m). 
MINE v. + -ISM ] 

1. The philosophical doctrine that human action 
is not free but necessarily determined by motives, 
which are regarded as external forces acting upon 
the will. 

1846 Sir W. Hamitton Resa’s Wks. &7 note, There are two 
schemes of Necessity—the Necessitation by efficient—the 
Necessitation by final causes. ‘The former is brute or blind 
Fate; the latter rational Determinism. 1855 W. THomson 
in Oxford Essays 181 The theory of Determinism, in which 
the will is regarded as determined or swayed to a particular 
course by external inducements and formed habits, so that 
the consciousness of freedom rests chiefly upon an oblivion 
of the antecedents to our choice. 1860 Manse Proleg. 
Logica App. Note D. 334 The latter hypothesis is Deter- 
minism, a necessity no less rigid than Fatalism. 1866 
Contemp. Kev. 1. 465 He arrived at a system of absolute 
determinism, which entirely takes away man’s free will, 
and with it his responsibility. 1880 W. L. Courtney 
in Abbot Hedlenica (1880) 257 Epicurus .. was an opponent 
of Fatalism, not of Determinism. 

2. gen. The doctrine that everything that happens 
is determined by a necessary chain of causation. 

1876 Martineau Materialism 71 If man is only asample of 
the universal determinism. 

Dete‘rminist, 54. anda. [f. as prec. + -1s7.] 

A. sb. One who holds the doctrine of deter- 
minism, 

1874 Mivart in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 784 The objections 
of our modern Determinists. 1881 Sfectator 30 Apr. 574 
He is an Agnostic and a Determinist, with no reserves. 
1887 J. C. Morrison Service of Man ix. 298 The determinist 
is not less but more resolute in teaching morality than his 
free-will opponent. i 

B. adj. Of or pertaining to the theory of deter- 
minism. 

1860 Manse Proleg. Logica App. Note E. 348, I believe 
the scheme of liberty is inconceivable only if the determinist 
argument is unanswerable. 1874 Sioewick Meth, Ethics v. 

5 A Determinist scheme of morality. 1885 R. H. Hutton 
in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 388 The necessarian or determinist 
theory of human action. 1887 FowLer Princ. Morais u. ix. 
308 The theory of Hobbes [on Volition] may most appro- 
priately be called Determinist, The actions of men, he holds, 
are, like all other events, determined, and determined 
wholly, by antecedent circumstances .. The will is ‘the last 
desire in deliberation’, and our desires are the necessary 
result of their various antecedents. 

Deterministic (ditaimini‘stik), a. [f. prec. 
+-1¢.] Of or pertaining to determinism or deter- 
minists. } 

1874 W. G. Warp £ss. (1884) I. vi. 248 That which 


[f. DrErer- 


DETERMISSION. 


motives—to use deterministic 

dently the will’s spontaneous inclination. 1880 W. G. Warp 
in Dublin Rev. Oct. 300 Mr. Hodgson maintains that the 
Deterministic theory is by no means inconsistent with ‘ the 


exis of guilt and sin’. 

+ Determission. Obs, ? Corrupted form of de- 
terminacion or OF, determineson : see DETERMIN A- 
TION. 


jage—affect is most evi- 


a a Test. Love u. {1561 2g1b/t This dualitie, after 
_ Clerkes determission, is founden in every creature, 

+ ‘tion. Ods. [f. L. dé down + terra 
earth + -ation. (Not connected with modF, dé- 
terrer, OF, desterrer to disinter.) 
down or descent of the surface of the earth from 
hills and higher grounds into the valleys, by the 
action of rain, landslips, or other physical process : 
a frequent term of physiographers about 1700; cf. 
Decrapation | 6, 

1685 Piotr Staffordsh. 113 By the deterration or sinking of 
a hill between the Church and place of view. 1686 Phil. 
Trans. XVI. 210 A Marish.. being buried in Earth, by 
those frequent Deterrations from the adjoyning Hills. 1695 
Woopwarp Nat, Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 57 Deterrations, or 
the Devolution of Earth down upon the Valleys, from the 
Hills and higher Grounds. 1 J. Harris Lex. Techn., 
Deterration is a Removal of the Earth, Sand, &c., from the 
Mountains and higher Grounds down into the Valleys and 
Lower Parts: This is occasioned by Rains. 

Deterred, pa. t. and’pa. pple. of DETER 2. 

Deterrement, obs. form of DETERMENT. 

Deterrence (diteréns). [f.next: sce -ENcE.] 
Deterring or preventing by fear. 

1861 T. B. L. Baker in War with Crime (1889) 124 That 
punishment is to be preferred which combines the greatest 
deterrence with the least pain. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Intr. 
(ed. 2)8 The deterrence of future wrongdoers by. . punishment 
of a past offender. 1884 F, Peek in Contemp. Kev. July 77 
The main objects of imprisonment should .. deterrence 
from crime and the reformation of offenders. 

Deterrent (dite‘rént), a. and sé. [ad. L. a- 
terrént-em, pr. pple. of déterrére to DETER: see 
-ENT.] 

A. adj. Deterring; that deters, or has the power 
or tendency to deter. 

1829 Bentham's Ration, Punishments (L.), The deterrent 
effect of such penalties, 1861 W. L. Cray Mem, F. Clay 
210 The influence of a deterrent policy is the greatest on 
professional criminals. 1884 7¥es 16 Oct. 10 The influence 
of favourable or deterrent weather. 

B. sd. Something that deters ; a deterring agent. 

1829 Bentham's Ration, Punishments (L.), No deterrent is 
more effective than a punishment which .. is sure, speedy, 
and severe. 1829 Soutuey in Q. Rev. XLI. 196 Operating 
as a provocative to many—as a deterrent, perhaps, to none. 
1855 H. Srencer Princ. Psychol. I. u. ix. (1872) 281 Feel- 
ings that serve as incentives and deterrents. 1892 Speaker 
3 Sept. 277/1 The death penalty is no deterrent of adventure, 
nor even of pastime. 

Deterring (d/tsrin), vd/. sd. [f. Dever v1 + 
-1nG1,] The action of hindering through fear. 

1642 in Clarendon //ist. Xeb.1v. (1843) 161 /2 The deterring 
of others from discharging their duties. 1648 W. Moun- 


The carrying | 


TAGUE Devout Ess. 1. x. §1(R.) The deterrings and dis- | 


abuses appeare together with the delectations. 

Dete‘rring, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING%.] 
That deters; that keeps off through fear. 

1638 Sik 1. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 323 A new deterring 
name, of Kill abundance. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist, (1862) 
I. ii. 10 The internal parts of the country are still more 
desolate and deterring. 1872 Gro. Extor Middlem. \xxiii. 
188 Their highest qualities can only cast a deterring shadow 
over the objects, 

+ Dete'rse, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. déters-, ppl. 
stem of délergere.] By-form of DetERGE. 

1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. 11. 84 The matter being 
thus incided, detersed and attenuated..may more easily be 
carried off. — 

Detersion (dit5sfsn). [a. F. dtersion (Paré 
16th c.) or ad. L, détersion-em, n. of action from 
détergére to Deterce.] ‘The action of cleansing 
(a sore or the like). 

1607 Torseit Four-/. Beasts (1658) 22 The substance of it 
is fitter for detersion then nutriment. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. 
Compit. 1. 13 A Gargarism of Hydromel used often is good 
for Detersion, 1775 Sir E. Barry Observ. Wines 294 Leave 
to others the active parts of the perfusions, detersions, etc. 

Detersive (diisusiv), a.and sb. [a. F. détersif, 
-tve (1545 in Hatzf.), ad, medical L. déersiv-us, 
f, déters-, ppl. stem of déergére: see prec, and 

A alt 


sige ad}, 
1. Having the quality of cleansing or scouring ; 
tending to cleanse, 

1601 HoLtanp P/iny II. 37 The same pouder is detersiue 
and scouring, and therefore put into sope and washing-balls. 
1756 P. Browne Yamaica 226 The fi of the tree is of 
a very detersive character, and frequently used to scour and 
whiten the floors. 1835 F. Manoney Rel, Father Prout 
(1859) 509 The recording angel. .no doubt moored, a deter- 
Sive tear on an oath the decided offspring of monomania. 
1886 Pall Mall G. pA Aug. 3/2 Without experience of the 

ve inf 


4 soap. 

2. Med. and Surg. Having power to cleanse or 

~ purge the body, or to remove corrupt matter from 
a sore ; ae: 

1586 Bricut Melanch. xii. 276 No detersive medicine is 
able to pare and wipe away the blemish, 1704 J. Harris 
Lex. Techn., Detersive Medicines, are such as are to 
cleanse the org By sluggish, viscous, and glutinous 
Humours, 1782 W. F, Martyn Geog. Mag. 1. 734 Laying 


272 


the wound, and ing a detersive plaister, 1818 
SOOPER & ‘TRAVERS nd sont ‘ss. 1. (ed. 3167 Stimulant deter- 
sive applications which have been made to the part. 
B. sé. A cleansing agent: in the general and 
medical senses. 

T. Jounson Parey's Chirurg. xxvi. xiv. (1678) 638 
Neither. .with a painful and drie of doth any Ge §3 
oy gr detersiveagree. 1665G. Harvey Adv. agst. Plague 
26 A Dysent is stopt by a Detersive mixt with a Nar- 
cotick. 1756 P. Browne Pamaica 199 The tage is a warm 
pungent detersive. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIII. 228 Serving 
as detersives of the h rs of ¢ ial life, 


DETESTED. 
1 What saist thou, fole destestable? 1g26 Pilgr. Perf. 
W. de 'W. x530) wenmuapien rane caeeee 
detestable & ull, 1548-9 Rave Bk. Com. Prayer, 
om: ‘The bishop of Rome his detestable enormities. 
So sHAKS. 77t. A. Vv. i. 94 Oh detestable villaine ! Call'st 
that Trimming? 1590 Spenser ¥. Q. 1. i. 26 That 
detestable sight. 1702 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. 1X. 
132 Busy at that d ble work, pri ing. 1771 Funius 
ett. xlix, 256 That detestable transaction .. enced in the 
death of Mr. Yorke. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven, (1874) 1. 
The d bh ion of the Alham 


App. e or 
1860 ‘T'ynpALt Glac, 1. xii. 89 Along edges of detestable 


1862 S. Lucas Secularia 114 note, Bristol was celebrated for 
its soap .. Ric! of izes refers in his history to its 
facture of this fe detersive. 
Hence Dete*rsively adv., Dete'rsiveness. 
1727 Baitey vol, II, Detersiveness, cleansing Quality. [Also 
1775 in Asx]. 1742 Battey, Detersively, cleansingly. [Also 


1 in WessTER, etc.] . * 
+ , a and sb. Obs. rare. ([f. L. 


déters-: see prec. +-ORY.] = DETERSIVE a. and sd. 


g ice, 

2. quasi-adv. Detestably. 

1610 //istrio-m. 1. 108 O detestable good ! 

Dete'stableness. [f. prec. + -nEss.] The 
quality of being detestable; extreme hatefulness 
or odiousness. 

1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus ii. 11 Oh these sinnes cannot 
be brooked for the foulenesse and detestablenesse of them. 
1681 H. More £.xf. Dan. Pref. 80 To instruct the 

hing the Solidity of our Reformed Religion and of t 


1657 Tomiinson Kenou's Disp. 97 From the ¢ istion of 
these two will proceed one moderate detersory. 

Detest (dite’st), v. [a. F. déteste-r (Villon, 
15th c.), ad. L. détestare (-ari) to execrate while 
calling God to witness, to denounce, abhor, re- 
nounce, f. De- I. 1, down + /es¢dri to bear witness, 
call to witness. ] 

+1. trans. To curse, calling God to witness; to 
express abhorrence of, denounce, execrate. Ods. 

3533-4 Act 25 //en. V/II,c. 12 The saide mariage..was 
ae nibited and detested by the lawes of almighty god. 1536 
3ELLENDEN Cron, Scot, (1821) I. 62 He..began, be lan, 
orisone, to detest the insolence, avarice and s hataiel 
hatrent of the kingis sonnis. 3-87 Foxe A. & M. (1684) 
I. 733/2 All that were about him being amazed, utterly 
detested the fact. 1627 HakewiLt Afol. u. vii. § 5 ‘The 
fearefull inhabitants of Putyole flying through the dark .. 
crying out and detesting their Calamities. 1632 Le Grvys 
tr. Velleius Paterc. 254 All posteritie shall..with execra- 
tions detest thy fact. 1653 Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. 
xxxvil. 147 We did not a little detest amongst ourselves 
both the Fonsecas and the Madureyras, but much more the 
Devil, that wrought us this mischief. a@1745 Swirr Hen. J 
Wks. 1768 1V. 275 With bitter words, detesting the pride 
and insolence of Henry, : 

2. To feel abhorrence of; to hate or dislike 
intensely ; to abhor, abominate. 

@ 1535 More Ws. 422(R.), I finde in Erasmus my derlyng 
y* he detesteth and abhorreth the errours and heresies that 
‘Tyndall plainly teacheth. 1§35 Stewart Cron, Scot. 1, 
528 To caus all man for to detaist sic thing. 1550 CRowLEY 
Last Trump. 1292 A vile slaue that doth all honestie 
deteste. 1579 Lyty Euphues(Arb.) 111 Learn. .of Diogenes 
to detest women, be they neuer so comely. 1601 SHaks. 
Twel. N. 1. v. 220 A colour she abhorres, and..a fashion 
shee detests. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7 raz’. (ed. 2) 240 His 
owne pallat detested them. 1 Burke Corr. (1844) IIL. 
391 My party principles. .must lead me to detest the French 
revolution, in the act, in the spirit, in the consequences, and 
most of all, in the example. 1833 
/yne vii. 130, I detest the very name. 
a man whom she detests ! 

b. with fin. or clause. rare. 

@1§53 Puitror Wks. (1842) 410 Why dost thou so much 
detest to grant that we obtain the divine justice through 
faith, 1647 G. Patmer Sectaries Unm, 52, 1 detest to 
think of it. 1655 Futter CA. //ist. 1x. vi. $51 The Justice 


Mod, To marry 


| of the Land detesteth that the Judge should himself be an 


Accuser. 

+3. To renounce solemnly or under oath; to 
abjure. Obs. rare. 

1688 Answ, Talon's Plea 23 They openly detested their 
faults either by themselves or by their Ambassadours. 

4] Misused for attest, protest, testify. 

1562 Puarr 2neid. vi. Y iijb, He shewd also the sacrid 
groue of Argilethus heath, Detesting in that place where 
Greekish gest was done to death. 1 Suaxs. Merry IW. 
1. iv. 160 But (I detest) an honest maid as euer broke bread. 
1606 Sir G. Spemrgs <a ii. in Bullen O. PZ, IIL. 17, I detest, 
Sir Cutt, I did not thinke he had bin halfe the. .scholler he is, 

Hence Dete'sting vd/, sb. and pfi. a. 

1sgt Percivaut SP. Dict., Abominacion, detesting, a 162a 
Aryswortu Annot. Ps. lxix. 25 Powre out upon them thy 
detesting ire. 1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Casar 57 In their 
Abhorring and Detesting of it. 1711 Suarress. C . 
(1737) ILL. v1. iii. 366 Virtue wou'd. . be seen with this Hand, 
turn'd..downwards .. as in a detesting manner, and with 

, 5b. Obs. rare. 


abhorrence. 
[f. prec. vb.] De- 
testation, hearty hatred. 


1638 R. Baie Lett. § a (1841) I. 74 With the in- 
crease of detest of the authors. 1671 7rue Nonconf. 33 
One cause, sufficient to produce a just detest. 

Detestabi'lity. [f. next: see -1y. In med, 
L, détestabilitas (Du Cange).] The quality of being 
detestable ; detestableness. : 

183 Cartvie Sart, Res. u. iv, As youn; 
mankind precisely the most delightful in those years..so 
Sine "sate Beownuee Sacer g: Ab ou. apep Uivwy fete 

nlity., ROWNING a . . + 
Both teach, both learn detestability ! gs 

Detestable (dite'stib'l), a. [a. F. détestable 
(1380 in Hatzf.), ad. L, détestabilts, f. détestari: 
see -BLE. Originally detesta‘d/e; in Spenser and 
Shaks, detestable.) ° 

1. To be detested ; intensely hateful or odious ; 
execrable, abominable. 


ladies are to 


146 Liber Pluscardensis x1, viii. (1877) I. 387 To mak ws 
till oure Makare detestabile, ¢ 1477 Caxton 5 Bre 75 The 
terrible dragon cast upon me a of the most detestable 


infeecion that euer was. ¢ 


Hr. Martineau 7ale of 


— Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 


,— 


Detestubleness of Popery. a 1729 CLarke Serm. L. xl.(R.), 
The unfi ond shoud bios and d bl and 


fi of @hy uncl or impurity ing. in the 

Temple of God. 1883 H. Kennepy tr. Ven Brink's E. Eng. 
Lit. 280 Now the theme is the b , the di bl 
of this earthly world. 

Dete'stably, adv. [f.as prec. + -Ly*.] In 
a detestable manner ; execrably, abominably. 

_ Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Periurie is .. detestably 
vsed to the disheritaunce and great damage of many. 1593 
Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 14 It would sauour so detestably 
in Gods nostrils, hee were neuer able to endure it. a ad 
Soutu (J.), A temper of mind rendering men so detestably 
bad, that [etc.]. 1863 Geo. Exiot Xomola 111. 61 God grant 
you are mad ! else you are detestably wicked ! 


+ Dete’stant, a. and sb. Obs. [f. Derest v. 
after F. détestant, L. détestant-em pr. pple.: see 
-ANT.] 

A. adj. Detesting, full of detestation. * 

1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 16 He that is detes- 
tant of the corruption. 

B. sé. One who detests; a detester. 

1648 T. Hitt Truth & Love Ep. Ded., He is a Detestant 
of divers Opinions of Rome. a 1670 Hacker Adp, Williams 
1. (1692) 121 (D.) Detestants of the Romish idolatry. 

+ estate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. détestat-, 
ppl. stem of détestdre (-ar7) to DETEST ; see -ATE 3 
5.) By-form of Derest v, 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par, Fohn Pref. 6a, This worlde, 
whiche as a mortall enemy the doctrine of the Ghospel 
dooeth detestate and abhorre. 1 State Trials, Col. F. 
Lilburne (R.), Well therefore might the lord president .. 
detestate star-chamber examinations, 7 

Detestation (ditesté'fan). [a. F. détestation 
(14th c. in Godef. Suppl.), ad. L. détestation-em, 
n. of action from détestari to DetEst.] 

+1. Public or formal execration (of a thing); 
formal testifying against anything. Ods. 

1432-50 tr. // 4 Rolls) I. 285 For the detestacion of 
that dede, the Frenche men made a statute that noo woman 
after here scholde reioyce the realme of Fraunce. 
Swinsurne Jestaments 274 In these cases the testament is 
void, in detestation of such odious, shiftes and oe. 
a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 216 St. Paul rent his Garments 
in detestation of it. 1658 T. Watt Charac. Enemies Ch, 
(1659) 50 ‘The unreasonable creature .. in detestation of the 
sinner whom it serves, is le obnoxious to temporal 
punishment. 1683 Brit, Spec, 108 Spee gm by his rough 
Oratory in detestation of itude the Roman Yoke, 


havin; ae 
2. fT e spy ed mental state of detesting; in- 
tense dislike or hatred; abhorrence, loathing. 

1526 ier. Perf. = de W. 15 A 5s ny the great — 
tacyon & uttermost despysyn: all the transitory goodes 
a vot this worlde. 1553 T. Woson Rhet. 40 Induce theim 
to the feare of God, utter detestation of al synne, 1660 
R. Coxe Yustice Vind. Pref. 15, 1 did in detestation of the 
thing. .set myself to ¢ these observations upon it. 1688 
in Gutch Codd. Cur, 1. 436 Something. . which he had. .some- 
— call’'d a Peer vg - ime an, Abhorrence, a 

estation of t . of Orange’s proceedings. 1779-8 
Jounson L. P., Rowe Wks. III. 30 The fashion. .of the time 
was, to accumulate upon Lewis all that can raise horrour and 
detestation, 1834 MAcautay /ss., Pitt (1854) 296 The object 
of the Duchess of Marlborough’s fiercest detestation. 

owett Plato (ed. 2) ILI, 189 His detestation of priests 


wyers. 7 
b. Zo hold or have in detestation : to a 
with hatred or abhorrence, to abominate. 70 be in 
detestation: tobe held in reg fey bey be opeyewe 

FieminG Panopl, Epist. 65, 1 have the state these 
ane in great detestation, iti. 1 ao ~ hae 
truth .. in contempt, disdai e, letestation. 
iéoy Rowianns Famous Hist. 46 Let God and man hold 
me in detestation. 1777 Ronertson /ist. Amer. (1778) 1.1. 
6 They held all sea-faring pet in detestation, 1847 
Marayat Childr, N. Forest xii, One who is joined to a party 
which I hold in detestation. — . 

3. concr. That which is detested; the object of 
intense dislike. 

1728 Swirt Mullinix & Tine, Thou art grown the de- 
testation of all thy party. . Jerrerson Writ, (1859) 
IIL. 343 This .. business is ing more and more the 
public detestation. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley i. 10 As if he 
were the darling of the neighbourhood .. being, as he is, its 


Dete'sted, ///. a. [f. Derest v. + -ED.] In- 
tensely disliked or hated; abominated; held in 


abhorrence; odious. 
1552 Huoer, Detested, abominatus, 1588 Suaxs. L. LZ. LZ. 


DETESTER. 


1v. i, 31 Guiltie of detested crimes. 1634 Sir T, Hersert 
Trav. 73 With such heathenish and detested Oratory. 1 
Cowrer //iad vt. 438 Both Paris and my most detested self. 
1805 Sourney Madoc in Ast, xx, Let a curse.. For ever 
follow the detested name. : : 

Hence Dete'stedly adv., with detestation. 

1836 E. Howarp 2. Reefer xxxiii, Who viewed the West 
India station. .detestedly. 

Dete‘ster. [f. as prec. + -rr!.] One who de- 
tests; a cordial hater ; an abhorrer, abominator. 

161x Cotcr., Adhorrant, an abhorrer, detester, loather. 
1651 Futter Adel Rediv. (1867) 1. 99 A detester of con- 
troversies. 1779 SHERIDAN Critic 1. ii, A detester of visible 
brickwork, Yes SALA _—. Dangerous I, ix. 254 Known 
as stanch detesters of the House o 

Dete'stful, 2. rare. 
+-FuL.] Hateful, odious. 

1654 CoKAINE Dianea u. 116 Thou hast tormented them 
with a Ghost, with a Phantasme so noyous, so detestfull. 

+ Detestine, + Detestiue, a. Sc. Ods. [irreg. 
f, Derest v.] Detestable. 

1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus u. 975 But bad me sone pas 
hine Vnto the nine nobillis of excellence, Quhair I gat not 
be ansueir detestine. /dzd. 111. 369 The law positiue It did 
suspend, and haldis as detestiue. 

+ Dete xt, pf/. a. Obs—° [In form, ad, L. dé- 
textus, pa. pple. of détextre to weave off, finish 
weaving ; but with the prefix taken as De- I. 6.] 

1623 CockERAM, Defect, vnwouen. 

Deteyn(e, -nour, obs. ff. Derain, DETAINER. 
~ Detful(1, obs. form of DEBrrut. 

Deth(e, obs. form of DEATH sd.; also of DEATH 
a. and v.=deaf. 

Detheorize: see Dr- II. 1. 

Dethronable (diprawnab’l), a. 
-ABLE.] Liable to be dethroned. 

1644 Br. Maxwett Prervog. Chr. Kings Introd. 3, Kings 
are .. censurable, punishable, and dethronable, /ézd. i. 11 
They are deposab e and dethronable by the people. 

Dethrone (dépravn), v. [f. De- II. 2 + 
Turone: cf. F. détréner, in 16th c. detroner (Littré), 
Cotgr. desthroner ‘to disthronize’; cf. also Dis- 
THRONE, DISTHRONIZE.] . 

trans. To remove from the throne ; to deprive of 
royal or sovereign authority and dignity ; to depose 
(a ruling prince). 

1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 153 Authoritie 
to de-Throan and de-Crowne Princes. @ 1649 Drumm. oF 
Hawtn, Poems. Wks. (1711) 15 Then let them do their worst, 
since thou art gone! Raise whom they list to thrones, en- 
thron’d dethrone. 1790 BurkKE F7. Rev. 43 The question of 
dethroning, or, if these gentlemen like the phrase better, 
*cashiering’, kings. 1839 THIRLWALL Greece VI, 12t That 
Artaxerxes whom Cyrus attempted to dethrone. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1648 BoyLe Seraph. Love vi. (1700) i chase by dethroning 
Reason .. doth kill the Man, 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 111. 
Ixi. 319 The republicans being dethroned by Cromwell. 
1879 Farrar St, Pandl (1883) 604 Dethrone the sin that 
would rule over your frail nature. 

Hence Dethro’ned ppl. @., Dethro‘ning v7. sb. 

1648 Prynne Speech in Parlt. 4 Dec. (x64) 5 By 
a speedy publique dethroning and decolling of the King .. 
as the Army-Remonstrants advise. 1705 J. Puitirs Blen- 
heim (R.), His dethron’d compeers. 


Hanover. 
[f. Derxsr v. (or ? 5d.) 


[f next + 


n Ee Bot CoLeRIncE. 
Friend (1865) 136 Compensations for dethroned princes. 


1892 Atheneum 27 Aug. 299/t The story .. is that Nero’s 
wife Poppza .. is the head of a plot for her husband’s 
dethroning and slaughter, 

Dethronement (diprdvnmént).  [f. prec. vb. 
+ -MENT: cf. mod.F, détrénement.] The action 
of dethroning, or fact of being dethroned ; deposi- 
tion from kingly apes | 

1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4365/1 The News. .of the Dethrone- 
ment of the Grand Signior, 1820 Keats Hyferion 1. 315 
In midst of this dethronement horrible. 1849 H. RocErs 
Ess. (1860) III. 179 The boasted prerogative of Reason is 
alsg that of a limited monarch; and its attempt to make 
itself absolute can only end in its own dethronement. 1852 
Grote Greece 11. Ixxvi. X. 66 The frequent dethronements 
and assassinations of Kings. 

Dethroner (d?prdvnaz). [f. DrTHRonE+-ER1 J 
One who dethrones (a king, etc.). 

1649 Arnway Tad/et (1661) 176 (T.) The hand of our de- 
throners..hath prevailed. 1817 Soutney uz, Song Princess 
Charlotte, Passive as that humble spirit, Lies his bold de- 
throner too. 1833 Mrs, Browninc Prometh. Bound Poems 
1850 I, 186 The name of his dethroner who shall come. 

+ Dethroni‘ze, v. Obs. rare, [See DEvtHRONE 
and -1zk, and cf, DistHRoNn1zE.] = DETHRone. 
Hence + Dethroniza‘tion = DETHRONEMENT. 

1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. xi. (1632) 682 The Queene 
.-aduertised of her husbands dethronization. 1656 S. Hot- 
LAND Zara (1719) 66 We are in daily danger of dethronizing 
by the malevolent combinations of Cursed spirits. 169 
Woop Ath. Oxon. (R.), To eae the king. .to consent to 
the 4 votes of dethronizing him. : 

Detie, obs. form of Dirry, 

Detinue (de'tiniz). Zaw. Also 5 detenewe, 
detunue, -now, detynu(e, 7 detinu (detiny). 
[a. OF. detenue (1313, Godef.) detention, (:— Rom. 
type *déteniita) f. pa. pple. of detenir to detain.] 

The act of detaining or withholding what is 
due (see DETAIN v. 2) ; spec. unlawful detention of 
a personal chattel belonging to another. Ods. exc, 
as in b. 

1 in Foxe A, § M. (1596) 348/1 Philip de Valous .. 

Vou. Ii, 


278 


we haue gently requested you .. to that intent you should 
haue rendered unto us our lawfull right and inheritance to 
the Crowne of Fraunce, which from us..you haue by great 
wrong and force deteined .. we well perceiue you meane to 
perseuere in the same your purpose and iniurious detinue. 
1598 Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 148 Detinue of Goods may 
besued. 16.. ‘I. Apams Wes, (1861-2) I. 145 (D.) ‘There are 
that will restore some, but not all. .let the creditors be con- 
tent with one of four, But this little detiny is great iniquity. 
1643 PryNNE Sov. Power Parl. 11. 46‘[citing Act 11 Rich. 
iI c. i] Taking, leading away, or detinue of any horses or 
of any other beasts, 1727-5x CuamBers Cyc, s. v., The 
damages sustained by the detinue. 

b. Action of detinue: an action at law to recover 
a personal chattel (or its value) wrongfully detained 
by the defendant. So writ of detinue. 

7 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 376 Acciouns of dette, trespass 
and detenewe. 1514 FirzHers. Yust. Peas (1538) 123 Every 
man maye sue for the same by accion of detinue. 1602 
FuLpeckeE 2nd Pt. Paral. 20 One of the parties may haue 
an action of dette for the money, and the other a writte of 
Detinue for the wares. 1677 WycnerLey Plain Dealer m1. 
(Routl.) 123/2 I'll bring my action of detinue or trover. 
1768 Biacxstone Com, III, 151 If I lend a man a horse, 
and he afterwards refuses to restore it..the regular method 
for me to recover possession is by action of detinue. 1845 
Lp. Camppect Chancellors (1857) VI.cxxviii. 143 The remedy 
was at law by an action of trover or detinue. 

e. Also detinwe = action or writ of detinue. 

@ 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com, Law iii. (1636) 20 In 
adetinue brought bya feme against the executors of her 
husband. _ 1803 J. Marsuart Const, Opin. i. (1839) 21 The 
judgment in detinue is for the thing itself or its value. 1875 
Poste Gaius 1v. Comm, (ed. 2) 650 Trover and Detinue, 
which were brought to recover movable property .. were 
kinds of Tres pass, that is of action on delict. 

+ Detithonize, v. Os. [f. De- II. 1 + 
TitHon-Ic (f. Gr, T:davds, the spouse of Eos or 
Aurora) + -1ZE.] “vans. To deprive (light) of 
actinic or chemical power. 

1843 Mech. Mag. XXXIX. 170 As if the light, being 
detithonized in passing through the larger mass, lost its 
energy in producing chemical action. 

+ Deto‘mh, v. 00s. nonce-wd. [f. DE- II. 2b 
+ Toms sb.) ¢rans. To deliver from the tomb. 

1607 Sir R. Ayton Pref Verses in Earl of Stirling's 
Monarch. Trag., Crownes, throwne from Thrones ta 
Tombes, detomb’d arise ‘I’o match thy Muse with a Monar- 
chicke theame. 

Detonable (deténab’l), a. [f. L. détonare 
(see next) +-BLE.] Capable of detonation. 

1884 E1sster Mod. High Explosives iii. 68 These grades 
of dynamite are only rendered detonable by the admixture 
of explosive salts. 

Detonate (de'ténéit, dz-), v. [f. L. détonat-, 
ppl. stem of détondre to thunder down or forth (f. 

E- I. 1, 2+/¢ondre to thunder), after F. détoner 
(1680 in Hatz.-Darm.) in the modern sense.] 

1. intr. To produce a loud noise by the sudden 
liberation of gas in connexion with chemical de- 
composition or combination; to explode with 
sudden loud report (as when heated or struck). 

1729 SHELVOCKE Artillery 11. 89 Saltpeter..detonates, or 
makes a Noise in the Fire. 91807 ‘I, THomson Chew. (ed. 
3) Il. 140 Hydrogen gas and nitrous oxide gas detonate 
violently..when a strong red heat is applied, or when the 
electric spark is made to pass through the mixture. 1859 
R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 78 
Metals are ever rusty ;. .percussion caps, .will not detonate ; 
gunpowder. .refuses to ignite. 1864 H. Spencer Biol. I. 8 
lodide of nitrogen detonates on the slightest touch. 

b. fig. To give vent to sudden anger or other 
violent feeling; to ‘explode’. (Also ¢rams.). 

1836 Blackw. Mag. XX XIX. 309 He..is notoriously 
choleric, and detonates upon the shhen nearest to him like 
one of his own chlorides. 1859 Chamd. Frnl. XI. 258 It 
seemed to me that it would be quite a natural conclusion.. 
that Blodger should detonate : ‘Committed as a rogue’. 

ec. To make a thundering noise, to ‘thunder’. 
rare. 

1853 Miss E. S. Suerrarp Ch. Auchester III. 190 The 
drum detonated and was still. i 

2. trans. To cause to explode with sudden loud 
report, in the act of chemical decomposition or 
combination. 

1801 Phil. Trans. XCI. 378 By detonating sulphuret of 
antimony and nitrate of potash, in a crucible, he obtained 
a mass, which [etc.]. 1808 Henry 7b7d. XCVIII. 290 Deto- 
nate the mixture, and observe the amount of the diminution 
after the explosion. 1880 Daily News 27 Mar. 5/4 The 
destruction of the reef known as Hell Gate, in East River 
New York, when something like 49,915 Ib. [of dynamite] was 
detonated atonce. 1890 Noste in Nature 18 Sept., One.. 
cause which has made gunpowder so successful an agent for 
the Pahoa of the artillerist is that it is a mixture, not 
a definite chemical combination ; that it is not possible to 
detonate it. 

+3. To convert (a flint gun) into a ‘detonator’, 
Obs. nonce-use. 

1824 CoL. P, HAwKER Justr. Y. Sportsm. 69, I have since 
had a double gun detonated to my order. 


Detonating (de'téneitin), 247. a. [f. prec. + 
-InG2.] That detonates. my rat explodes with 
sudden loud report, explosive, as detonating gas; 
b. That causes, or is used in producing, detonation, 
as detonating primer, tube; c. esp. That explodes 
by a blow, or is used in explosion by percussion, 
as detonating hammer, 


Detonating ball, a toy ball filled with a parent | 
powder, pighoding on percussion ; detonating bulb, the sma 


DETONSURE. 


glass bulb also called Prince Rupert's drop, which flies to 
pieces on aslight scratch; detonating gun, a fire-arm which 
is fired by means of a detonating agent (as a percussion-cap) 
instead of by the application of a match or spark. 

1808 Henry £ fit, Chem. (ed. 5) 131 By firing it in a detona- 
ting tube over mercury. /é/d. 224 A new detonating com- 
pound of silver, 1814 Anz. Reg. 324 These detonating-balls 
were calculated to effect abundant mischief. 1817 Sporting 
Mag. L. 257, I got from Joseph Manton a detonating gun. 
1824 Con. P. Hawker /ustr. VY. Sportsm. 67 Yo fire with 
detonating powder, the gun requires to be much stronger 
than that used for a flint. 1840 Biaine Encyc?. Sports (1870) 
752 The Percussion or Detonating System of Gun Firing. 
1856 Engineer 428/2 (heading) Detonating Arms. /did., 
A cap containing detonating powder, covered by a prepara- 
tion of shellac. 1869 Echo g Oct., ‘It is dangerous to play 
with edged’, and still more with detonating ‘tools’. 1879 
Lockyer Elem. A stron. iii. 138 At times meteors. .are heard 
to explode with great noise; these are called detonating 
meteors, s . 

Detonation (detdnz'-fon, diz-). [a. F. déétona- 
zion, noise of explosion, n. of action from détoner to 
DeronatE.] The action of detonating. 

1. Chem. ‘The noise accompanying the sudden 
decomposition or combination of substances, and 
due to the concussion of the air resulting from the 
sudden production of a large quantity of gas’ 
(Watts Dict. Chem.); hence, explosion accom- 
panied with a sudden loud report. 

1677-86 W. Harris Lemery’s Chyme, (ed. 2) 41 Detonation 
is a noise that is made when the Volatile parts of any mix- 
ture do rush forth with impetuosity : it is also called Fulmina- 
tion. 1686 PLot Staffordsh. 55 Common Niter in its de- 
tonation or alcalisation with coales, acquires a green colour, 
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techu., Detonation is a Chymical 
word expressing the ‘Thundring Noise that is often made by 
a mixture being enkindled in the containing Vessel. 1800 
tr. Lagrange's Chen. 1. 107 This experiment is dangerous, 
as it is often accompanied with violent detonations. 1864 
Spencer Biol. I, 8 Percussion produces detonation in sul- 
phide of nitrogen. . 

. ger. A loud noise as of thunder; a violent 
explosive report, e.g. in a volcanic erupfion. 

1830 LyeLt Princ. Geol. (1875) II. 1. xxvi. 28 The great 
Crate¥ .. testified by its loud detonations [etc.]. 1834 Mrs. 
SoMERVILLE Connex. Phys. Sc. xxvi. (1849) 283 The detona- 
tions [from the eruption in Sumbawa 1815] were heard in 
Sumatra. 1869 Puitiirs Veswe. iv. 112 After each detona- 
tion globes of white vapour were formed. 1875 Wonders 
Phys. World u. ii, 201 They attribute the movements and 
detonations to the expansion of the ice. 

b. The action of causing a substance to detonate, 

1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Detonation denotes the. .opera- 
tion, of expelling the impure, volatile, and sulphureous part, 
out of antimony. 1758 Elaboratory laid Open Introd. 58 
The chemists have called the operation, detonation, or 
deflagration. 1827 Farapay Chem. Manip. xvii. 433 A tube 
for detonation. 

3. fig. A sudden utterance or expression of anger 
or other violent feeling ; an ‘explosion’. 

1878 Browninc La Sa?siaz 79 As Rousseau, then eloquent, 
as Byron prime in poet’s power,—Detonations, fulgurations, 
smiles. 1882 StrEvENSON New Arad, Nts. (1884) 296 Detona- 
tions of temper were not unfrequent. 189 RosEBery //¢t 
xi. 179 It was impossible for Pitt after his detonations and 
activity of the autumn to prevent the agitation of the 
Catholic Question. 

Detonative (de'tone'tiv), a [f. L. détonat-, 
ppl. stem of détondre to DETONATE + -IVE.] Having 
the property of detonating ; of the nature of a de- 
tonation. 

1875 C. F. Cuanpier in Eissler Mod. High Explosives 
(1884) iii. 69 When the gunpowder is exploded by nitro- 
glycerine, its explosion becomes instantaneous; it becomes 
detonative; it occurs at a much higher temperature, 1888 
Evening Standard 11 Feb. 4/4 ‘The water which runs 
through the factory is highly detonative. 

Detonator (de‘ténéziter). [Agent-noun, in L. 
form, f. défondre to DETONATE: see -OR.] Some- 
thing that detonates ; a contrivance for producing 
detonation, as a percussion-cap; a railway fog- 
signal. ‘spec. A detonating gun (0ds.): see 
DETONATING. 

1822 Sforting Mag. 1X. 156 Somewhat of a contrast this, 
to our expensive detonators, 1825 Cot. P. Hawker Diary 
(1893) I. 283 An old flint gun which put me out, after the 
detonators. 1845 Forp Handdk, Spain i. 104 Bringing his 
own double barrel detonator with a good supply of caps and 
cut wadding. ay Tynvatt Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. x. 319 By 
the ignition of a fuse associated with a detonator, the gun- 
cotton should be fired. 1887 Pal/ Mal/G. 10 Jan. 6/1 When 
the signal is placed on the railway plate the ends of the 
band are drawn out and bent under the surface of the rail, 
upon which the detonator (as the fog signal is also called) 
then restssecurely. __ 

+ Detornd, v. Ods. rave—°. [ad. L. détondé-re, 
f. DE- I. 2 + condére to clip] trans. To shave, poll, 

1623 CockeraM, Detonded, poled. 

+ De'tonize, v. Obs. [f. F. détoner to detonate 
+ -IZE.] =DETONATE (¢rans. and intr.). Hence 
+ Detonization = DETONATION. 

1731 S. Hate Stat. Ess, 1. 277 The fumes of detonized 
nitre. 1804 tr. Fourcroy (Webster 1828), This precipitate. . 
detonizes with a considerable noise. 1828 WepsTER, De- 
tonization, the act of exploding, as certain combustible 
bodies. 

Detonsure. vonce-wd. [f. L. détons-, ppl. stem 
of détondére: see DETOND and -URE.] Shaving, 
polling. (affected or humorous.) 

1819 Blackw. Mag. V. 639 That able-bodied barber .. 
insisting upon the immediate detonsure of you, 35* . 


DETORT. 


Detorsion, var. of DeToRrTION. 

+ Detort (dit 3t), v. Obs. [f. L. détort-, ppl. 
stem of dztorguére to twist or turn aside, twist or 
turn out of shape, distort, f’ Dr- I. 2 + forguére to 
twist. Cf. F. détordre.] 

1. trans. To turn aside from the purpose; to 
twist, wrest, pervert (esf. words or sayings). 
(Common in 17th c.) 

¢ 1855 Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 54 How 
miserably doth Tertullian wrest and wring the Levitt: to 
detort it to the confirmation of his heresy. Br. W. 
Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 41 Schoolemen blasphem- 
ously detorting Scriptures. 1620 Brinstey Virgil 39 
Detorting to that purpose those things which Sibyl had 
prophecied. 1632 Lirucow 77rav. 1. 1 And Lorets Chappell 
.-On Angells backes, from Nazareth detorted. 1682 DrypEN 
Relig. Laici Pref. (Globe) 187 The Fanatics. . have detorted 
those texts of Scripture. 1829 Soutney Sir 7, More 1 
87 In these days good words are so detorted from their 
original and genuine meaning. | 

6. To extract (by perversion of the sense). 

a 1612 Donne Bradavaros (1644) 185 The Donatists. .racked 
and detorted thus much from this place, That [etc.]. 1824 
Soutney Bk. of Ch. (1841) 355 Conclusions as uncharitable 
as ever were detorted from Scripture. 

2. To derive by perversion of form; fa. ffle. 
perverted, corrupted (of words). 

— Campen Rem. 54 Garret, for Gerard, and Gerald : 
see Everard, for from thence they are detorted, if we 
beleeve Gesnerus. 1657 Tomtinson Renon’s Disp. 705 
eer is wilde succe, whence its nomenclature is de- 
torted. 

Hence Deto'rted f//. a., Detorrting vé/. sd. 

1ss0 Bare Afol. 129 Nowe wyll I shewe some of hys 
detorted scriptures. 1579 Futke Heskins’ Parl. 306 by 
miserable detorting of a worde or two. 1692 WAGSTAFFE 
Vind. Carol, Introd. 2 Under the false detorted Names of 
Law, Justice, and Honour of the Nation. 

Detortion, -sion (ditj1fan). Now rare or 
Obs. [n. of action f. L. détorguére, ppl. stem dé- 
tort- and détors-: see Derort. Cf. OF. detorsion.] 

+1. The action of ‘ detorting’; twisting, wrest- 
ing, perversion of meaning. Ods. 

1598 Ord. for Prayer in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz, (1847) 681 
By a blasphemous application or rather detortion of that 
excellent Scripture Unum necessarium, One thing is neces- 
sary. 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 69 A depraving adultera- 
tion, a sacrilegious detorsion. 1 Earsery tr. Burnet's 
St, Dead 1. 135 A rash and bold Detorsion of the sacred 
Scriptures, 

2. In physical sense: Distortion. rare. 

1853 KANE Grinnell Exped, (1856) 512 Refracted detortion 
very great. 2 

Detour, || détour (ditiivs, || detir), sd. [a. 
mod.F. aéfour turning off, change of direction, in 
OF. destor, -tour, orig. *destorn ; f. destorner now 
détourner tum away, f. des-, L. dis- + tourner to 
turn.] A turning or deviation from the direct 
road ; a roundabout or circuitous way, course, or 
proceeding. In 18th c. mostly fig., now usually /i¢. 
1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. 1.63 After many Detours, Mr. 
Bayle is at length brought to own [etc.]. 1780 H. WALPOLE 
Let. to W. Mason 1 Nov., We are above détours. 1794 
R. H. Lee in Washington's Writ. (1891) XII. 417 note, 
Upon our guard against all the arts and détours of the 
subtlest policy. 1807 Sir R. C. Hoare Tour in [reland 237, 
I was amply recompensed for this detour, 1809 Scott Fam. 
Lett. 14 June (1894) I. 137, I ought in conscience to have 
made ten thousand pretty détours about all this. 1825 /bid. 
22 Jan. II. 230 Perhaps they may make a détour in their 
journey to see you. 1870 Lowet Study Wind, (1871) 242 
Rayaing [words] .. sometimes .. have driven the most 
straightforward of poets into an awkward défour. 1877 
Brack Green Past. xliv. (1878) 357 To avoid these ruts we 
made long detours. - 

Hence Detour v. intr., to make a detour; to 
turn aside from the direct way; to go round about. 

es Tait's Mag. U1. 481. This has been a busy week ; 
rambling and climbing, touring and detouring. 1837 New 
Monthly Mag. LI. 192 We. .detoured again to the right. 

Deto-xicate, v. nonce-wd. [f. De- Il. 1 + L. 
toxic-um poison, after intoxicate.) trans. To de- 
prive of | Spence qualities. 

— Pall Mall G. No. 729. 2043/2 Defecated, detoxicated, 


eodorized. 

+ Detra‘ct, sd. Obs. rare. [ad. L. détractus 
a taking away, f. détrahére: see Derract v.] 
Protraction, delay: cf. Derract z. 6. 


1563-87 Foxe A. § Jf. (1596) 353/1 Without delay and other 


detract of time. 
+ Detra:ct, pf/.a. Obs. [ad. L. détract-us, pa. 
ple. of détrahére to draw off or away: see next.] 
eciested: taken out. 


c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xu. 171 The bonys Detracte of 


Duracyne. 

Detract (ditre kt), v. Also 6 Sc. detrack. 
[f. L. détract- ppl. stem of détrahére to draw off or 
away, take away, pull down, disparage, etc , f. Dr- 
I. 2 + trahére to draw. Cf. F. détracter (1530 in 
Hatz.-Darm.). In some senses app. directly repre- 
senting L. détractare or détrectare, to Bichon, re- 
fuse, pull down violently, depreciate, freq. of dé- 
trahére. 

_ (The chronological order of the senses in English is not that 

of their original development ; sense 3 being the earliest.)] 
: I. To take away, take from, take reputation 
rom. 


274 


1. ¢vans. To take away, withdraw, subtract, de- 
duct, abate: a. some part from (rarely + to) a 
whole. (Now usually with a quantitative object, 
as much, something, etc.) 

1509 Barciay Shyf of Folys(1874) 1.17 Some time add; 
Finn see tres a hi oan avout hingesas meth 
me necessary and superflue, 1571 Dicces Pantom. 11. xxiii. 
Pij b, Then 36 detracted from 48 leueth 12. 1591 Suaks. 
1 Hen, VJ, v. iv. 142 Shall 1.. etract so much from that 

be call’d but Viceroy? 1622 S. WARD 


prerogatiue, As to 
Christ is All in All (1627) 25 All defects detract nothing 
to the happiness of him that [etc.]. 1677 Hate Prim. 
Orig. Man... iv. 326 To which there can be nothing added, 
nor detracted, without a blemish, a@ E. ScarsurGu 
Buclid (1705) 207 Let the magnitude AB uimultiple of 
CD, as the part detracted AE is of the part detracted CF, 
1870 Disrar.t Lothair \xix, That first [oe grief which .. 
detracts something from the buoyancy o} the youngest life, 
+b. something from a apa eel etc. Obs. 

1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1. ii. 97 They vilifie it and 
detract much authoritie from it. 1 Grusse Tatler No. 
13? 1 A Lady takes all you detract from the rest of her Sex 
to be aGift to her. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes i. 17 We 


rob him, whenever we detract from his Ministers any part of |. 


that Maintenance. 


2. absol. or intr. Totake awaya portion. Usually | 


to detract from: to take away from, diminish, lessen 
(a quality, value, authority, etc.). 

a1592 H. Situ Wes. (1866-7) I. 65 To the testament of 
him that is dead, no man addeth or detracteth. 1699 BuRNET 
39 Art. vi. (1700) 2 ‘This may be urged to detract from its 
Authority. 1 ‘OLEBROOKE in Life (1873) 446 The sight 
.. detracted from the pleasure with whee the landscape 
might be viewed. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises 1. 101 
These circumstances detract from the weight of the decision. 
1863 D. G. Mrrcnett My Farm of Edgewood 47 This 
alteration was of so old a date as not to detract from the 
venerable air of the house. 

b. Connoting depreciation : cf. 3 c. 

1593 Hooxer Eccé. Pol. ut. viii. (161 1) 100 To detract from 
the dignity thereof, were to iniury euen God himselfe. 1603 
Knotes Hist. Turkes (1638) 212 Our late Historiographers 
.. detracting from his worthy praises. 1765 BLacksTonNE 
Comm. 1.5 Without detracting .. from the real merit which 
abounds in the imperial law, I hope I may have leave to 
assert [etc.]. 1882 B. D. W. Ramsay Recoll. Mil. Serv. 1. 
viii. 172 There were always some ready to detract from his 
fair fame. ; 

+¢. quasi-¢rans. (in loose const.). Obs. rare. 


1654 WuitLock Zootomia 452 In Revenge he would have | 


Detracted, and lessen’d his Territories. 


1785 JEFFERSON 


Corr. Wks. 1859 1. 417 To detract, add to, or alter them as | 


you please. 

8. trans. To take away from the reputation or 
estimation of, to disparage, depreciate, belittle, 
traduce, speak evil of. Now rare. 

©1449 Pecock ae 1v. i. 417 Thei bacbiten and detracten 
the clergie. 1 sau Richt Vay 91 Lat wsz forgiff thayme 
quhilk detrackis and spekis euil of wsz. 1603 B. Jonson 
Seyanus 1. i, To..detract_ His greatest actions. 1618 

30LT0N Florus wv. ii. 265 Cato .. detracted Pompey, and 
found fault with his actions. 1632 Massincer & Fietp Fatal 


Dowry 1. ii, Such as may Detract my actions and life here- | 


after. 1890 [see Detractep below]. 1891 Sites Jasmin 
vii. 93 Jasmin, like every person envied or perhaps detracted, 
had his hours of depression. 
+b. adsol. To speak 
practise detraction. Oés. 
1605 Br. Hart Medit. § Vows 1. § 7 So would there not 
be so many open mouthes to detract and slaunder. 1610 
Suaxs. Temp. u. ii, 96 To vtter foule speeches, and to 


disparagingly ; to use or 


detract. 1777 SHERIDAN Sch, Scand. Portrait, Adepts..who 


rail by precept, and detract by rule. 

+e. intr. with from (+ of). 
c1590 Greene Fr. Bacon vii. 66 Dar'st thou detract and 
derogate from him? 1609 Biste (Douay) Num. xiii. 33 They 
detracted from the Land, which they had eval 1683 
D. A. Art Converse 106 They detract generally of all Man- 


kind, 
+ II. To draw away, off, out: 

+4. trans. To draw away or aside, withdraw, 
divert (from an astion or undertaking) ; 7¢/. and 
intr. To withdraw, refrain. Ods. 

1548 Parren Exped. Scotd. in Arb. Garner Il, 110 My 
Lord Marshal .. whom no danger detracted from doing his 
enterprise. 1637 Gittesriz Eng. Pop. Cerem. Ep. C, There 
are too many Professours who detract themselves from 
undergoing lesser hazards for the Churches liberty. 1643 
Suncssy Diary (2836) 104 Long experience hath taught 
their General wisely to detract from fighting. 1802 //atred 
I. arr [To] detract their attention from every thing foreign. 

+ oe draw or pull off. Ods. rare. 

1607 Torse.t Four-/. Beasts (1658) 486 The skins of sheep 
..when the wool is detracted and pulled off from them. 

+6. To draw out, lengthen in duration, protract, 
delay ; usually in phr. 40 detract time. Obs. 

1569 Sir J. Hawkins in Hawkins’ Voy. (878) 73 To de- 
tract further time. 1579 CuuRCHYARD in Garner IV. 
206 The French Horsemen .. offered a skirmish, to detract 
time. 1604 Epmonps Odserv. Casar’s Comm. 59 To lin, 
and detract the war. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. 
Shaks. (1878) 188 Some let or other to detract our haste. 
1641 Life Wolsey in Select. Harl. Misc.(1793) 132, 1 would 
not have you to detract the time, for he is very sick. 

+b. adsol. or intr. To delay. Obs. 

1584 Power Lloyd's Cambria 333 Willing the Prince to 
come thither, and doo him homage, which when the Prince 
detracted to doo, the king gathered an army to compell him 
thereto. a1g9a GREENE ‘Socmes IV 1. i, My zeal and ruth 
--Make me lament I did detract so long. 

IIT. = Derrecr 


+7. trans. To draw back from, decline, refuse, 
shun; to give up, relinquish, abandon, Ods. 


‘onah 634 
akxLuyt Voy. (1810) III. 135 The winde comming faire, 
the captaine and the master would by no means deteact the 
fe: se of our discovery. 1606 HoLLanp Sueton.25 Neither 
id he off, and detracted fight. 

Hence Detra‘cted ffi. a. (see the various senses 
above) ; also as sd. a calumniated 

1552 Hutoet, Detracted, detractus, rosus, illatus. 
1890 T. J. Duncan Social Departure 289 The detracted’s 
follow him. 

+ Detracta‘tion. Os. rare. [f. Derracr v. 
+ -ATION: perhaps ad. L. détractatio or détrec- 
tatio, from détractare, -trectare to decline, refuse, 
also to detract from, depreciate, freqof dérahére.] 
= DETRACTION 2. 

x Foxe A. & M. (1596) 283/1, I cannot speake unto 

u, but to your ictaatees by. Maine Ser®r. (1647)8 
much Libell, or holy Detractation. 

Detra‘ctatory, «. rare. [f. Dernact v., or 
L. détractare : see prec. and -ory.] Of detracting 
or disparaging nature or tendency, 

1860 Chamb. Frnil. XIV. 251 It is harsh and detractatory 
towards the author's equals and superiors. 

Detracter, var. of Derracror. 

Detracting (ditrektin), vd/. sb. [f. Derracr 
v. + -ING!.] The action of the verb Derract, 
q.v.; + protraction (ods.); + shunning, avoiding 
obs.) ; disparagement, detraction. 

1572 BosseweL. Armorie nu. 83b, Fabius ..so t 
Prudence with .. prowesse, that by detracting of battayle, 
and trayning Anniball from place to place, and .. skirmt: 
ing with hym, he minished fies pui: e. 58x SAVILE 
Tacitus’ Hist.1. i. (1591) 1 Detracting and envyous carp- 
ing. 158x Stywarp Mart. Discipl. u. 164 The detracting of 
time shall enforce vs to take counsaile when it is to ey 
1599 Haxtuyr Voy. II. 1. 135 The detracting of the time of 
our setting out. 1613 Jackson Creed 1. 331 The lewes de- 
tractings of our Sauiour. 

Detracting (ditrektin), ff/. a. [f as prec. 
+-InG2.] That detracts; given to detraction ; 
disparaging, depreciative. 

1530 PaLsGr. 310/1 Detractyng, belongyng to detractyon, 
detractoire. 1599 Marston Sc. Villanie u. vi. 201 Hence 
ye big-buzzing, little-bodied Gnats.. With your malignant, 
weake, detracting vaine. 1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland v. 1 
‘They are..of a censorious and detracting humor. 171 
Pripeavux Connection u. 11. 78 He had criticised in a very 
biting and detracting style. 1824 L. Murray Zug. Grant. 
(ed. 5) I. 308 A man who is of a detracting spirit, will mis- 
construe the most innocent words, : 

Hence Detra‘ctingly adv. 

1598 FLorio, Prauamente, wickedly .. detractingly. 176 
Murrny AZZ in Wrong v. i, 1 am not fond of ing de- 
tractingly of a young lady. 1818 Coterince Treat. Alethod 
in Encycl. Metrop., Mental Philos. (1847) 16 Why Bacon 
should have spoken detractingly of such a man. 

Detraction (ditrekfon). [a. F. déraction, in 
12th c. detractiun (Ph. de Thaun), ad. L. détrac- 
tidn-em, n. of action from dérahére: see DETRACT 
v.]_ The action of detracting. 

+1. A taking in subtraction, deduction, with- 
drawal. Ods. or arch, exc. as in b. (Cf. Derract 
v. 1, 2.) 

1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. 1. li. 130 Wherein... 
Bi oh the additi detracti and So 1 . 
Cortann Galyen's Terapeutyke 2G iv, The detraction of 
blode..ought to be doone in the partye..moste dystaunt, & 
then in the vicerate ies, 1648 Bovie Seraph. Love xx. 
(1700) 127 With less detraction from their true Magnitude. 

tr. ‘Bonet's Merc. Compit. vi. 243, 1 aj e..rather 
Incision, than of Detraction of the Callus. 1817 Scorrssy 
in Ann, Reg. Chron. 555 A detraction of vapour from the 
circumpolar regions. 
b. A detracting, or part to be detracted from 
(merit, reputation, or the like); cf. sense 2. 
Miron Arcades 11 Fame. , We may justly now accuse 
her praise: Less than half we find ex- 


from the merits of Miss Tox. — F 
2. The action of detracting from a person's merit 
or reputation ; the utterance of what is deprecia- 
tory or injurious to his reputation; depreciation, 
disparagement, defamation, calumny, slander. (The 
earliest and the prevalent a go cf. Desai 9. 5) 
mere ein prvi 
eae hi cane i c1goo Rom. Rose 
5531 With tonge woundyng .. Thurgh venemous det: 
cioun, ¢ Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 1 pa dma & bac- 
bitinges, d i exgro Barctay Mirr. Gd. 
Manners (1570) G. j, Be no tale bearer, vse not detraction. 
1 Marston Sco. Villanie 165 Enuies abhorred childe, 
Derraction, 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 53 By 
occasion of petty envies, and shamefull detractions, 1709 
Appison 7atler No. 102 ? 5 Females addicted toC 
ness and Detraction. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. £287 ) 527 


Flat and detraction or evil- are, as 

is, the and bdis of the tongue. 1875 MANNING 
Mission H. Ghost v. 139 To listen to detraction is as much 
an act of detraction as to speak i 


ie. 
+8. Protraction (of time); delay. Obs. (Cf. De- 
prea Cobiiéek ae oe. Mons lal 
1m. 141 ens «+ 
{bazan] to grow cold for the detraction and negligence which 


DETRACTIOUS. 


the king used. 1588 Howarp Let. to Walsyngham 14 June, 
‘The Commissioners cannot perceive whether they..use the 
same to detract a time for a further device ; and if our Com- 
missioners do discover any detraction in them [etc.]. 1637 
R. Humpnueey tr. St, Ambrose 1, 138 Lest through detraction 
of time, those sugred baits. .ingage too far. , 

+4. Withdrawal, declinature, relinquishment. 
Obs. rare. (Cf. DETRACT v. 7.) 

1655-60 SranLey Hist. Philos. (1701) 620/2 For want of 
this renouncing or detraction. 

+ Detractious (ditrakfas), a. Obs. [f. De- 
TRACTION: see -TI0US.] Given to detraction ; dis- 
paraging, calumnious. 

1626 T. H[awxins] Caussin’s Holy Crt. 202 Giue detractious 
tongues leaue .. to li{[c]keup dust. 1755 Jonnson, Deroga- 
tory, detractious, E 

Detractive (détreektiv), a [a. OF. detractéf, 
-tve, f. L, type *détractiv-us, f. détract-: see DE- 
TRACT v, and -IVE.] 

1, Conveying, of the nature of, or given to, de- 
traction; disparaging, depreciative, defamatory, 
calumnious, 

1490 Caxton Eneydos vi, 23 To saye wordes detractiues. 
1618 Cuapman /fesiod, Bk. of Days 40 Whispering out 
detractive obloquies. 1633 T. Morton Discharge 276 (T.) 
An envious and detractive adversary. 1767 Go-psm. Rom. 
Hist, (1786) U1. 342 Envious and detractive. 1822 Exami- 
ner 154/t Walpole shines more in the detractive and satirical, 
than in the candid and urbane. 

2. Tending to detract from: see DETRACT 2. 2. 

1654 W. MountacuE Devoute Ess. m1. iii. § 2 (R.) Admitting 
the being of evil not at all detractive from God. 3830 
Examiner 5/2 Looked upon as detractive from the merits of 
a production. | 

+3. ‘Having the power to take or draw away’ 
(T.). Obs. 

1580 E. Knicut Triall of Truth 28 (T.) [The surgeon] 
straightway will.apply a detractive plaister. : 

Hence Detractively adv., Detra‘ctiteness. 

1727 Baicey vol. II, Detractiveness, detracting Quality or 
Humour. Mod. A review detractively written. 

Detractor (ditre*kta1).. Also 4-7 -tour, 5 
-towre, 6-8 -ter, 6 Sc. detrakker. [a. AFr. de- 
tractour=OF. detracteur, ad. L. détractor, agent- 
noun from détrahére (see DETRACT v.): see -OR.] 

1. One who detracts from another’s merit or re- 
putation by uttering things to his prejudice;.a 
person given to detraction; a defamer, traducer, 
calumniator, slanderer. 

1382 Wycuir Rom. i. 30 Detractouris, or opyn bacbyteris. 
1474 Caxton Chesse 11. v. D viij b, They ben... right mordent 
and bytyng detractours. 1537 Just. Chr. Man in Formutl, 
Faith M iv, The detractour is not glad to tell, but to hym, 
that is glad to here. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 9 To confound 
ignorant detrakkers. 1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1596) 108/1 

malicious detractor of Gregorie. 1598 BarckLEy Fedic. 
Man w. (1603) 287 Instead of favourers he shall have de- 
tracters, 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 147 You will not 
suffer your selfe to be perswaded by the reports of detractors. 
1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God II. xxi. 577 That which a 
Friend would excuse. .or Wink at .. the Detractor publishes 
without sparing or Reserve. 1755 JoHNnson, Detracter. 
1858 Doran Crt, Fools 51 Every fashion has its detractors. 
1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 281 The detractor preys on his 
brother's flesh. 7 

tb. Const. from. Obs. (Cf. Derract v. 30.) 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie iv. 151 Vaine enuious detractor 
from the good. a 1610 Heatey Efictetus (1636) Life, Lucian 
+a perpetual detractor from all the Philosophers. 1660 R. 
Coxe Power §& Subj. 141 If Sabinianus were so malitious 
a detractor from the works of St. Gregory. 1829 Lanpor 
Lae (1868) I. 160/2 It exhibits him as a detractor from 


akspeare. 

|| 2. Anat. A Depressor muscle. [prop. mod.L.] 
? Obs. 

1811 Hoorer Med. Dict. s.v. 1823 Craps Technol, Dict., 
Detractor..a muscle whose office it is to draw down the 
part to which it is attached. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Detractor 
+. old name for a muscle whose office is to draw the part 
to which it is attached away from some other part. 


Detractory (ditre:ktari), a. [ad. L. détrac- 
tori-us disparaging, slanderous, f. détractor: see 
prec. and -ory. Cf. OF. detractoire 15th c. in 
Godef.] Tending to detract; depreciatory, dis- 
paraging, defamatory ; = DETRACTIVE I. 

1585 Parsons Chr. Exerc. u. i. 157 An excuse most dis< 
honourable and detractorie to the force of Christe hys grace. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. 1. v.17 This is not only de- 
rogatory unto the wisdome of God. . but also detractory unto 
the intellect. «1712 Swirr Art Political Lying, The detrac- 
tory, or defamatory, is a lie which takes froma great man 
the reputation that justly belongs to him. 1805 Miniature 
No. 26 » 3 Others. -have divided them [lies] into the Addi- 
tory, Detractory, and Translatory. 

Const. from: cf. Derract v. 2, 3c, DETRACTIVE 2. 

1648 BoyLe sae fe Love xx. (1700) 126, I use the expres- 
sions I find less detractory from a ‘Theme, as much abo 
our Praises, as the Heav’n..is above our Heads. 

Detractress (ditrektrés). [f. Derracror: 
see -ESS.] A female detractor. 

1716 Appison Freeholder No. 23 The said detractress shall 
be. .ordered to the lowest place of the room. 1788 Pasquin 
Childr. Thespis .(1792) 141 With a terrific tongue to assist 
a detractress. 

+ Detrain, v.1 Ods. In 6 detrayne. ([Cf. 
OF. detrainer to drag away, draw.] ¢rans. To 

iW. 

1587 M. Grove Pelofs & Hipp. (1878) 112 If that thou list 
+; With pensell to detrayne A sa, that all oth 
P aye should stay 


er shews of 


275 


Detrain (ditrzn), v2 [f. De- II. 2b+ Train 
sb., after debark, etc.] 

1. ¢vans. To discharge from a railway train: the 
converse of entrain. (Orig. a military term.) 

1881 Globe 9 July 5 The corps travelling by the Great 
Northern and Crest Eastern railways .. are ‘detrained’ at 
Ascot. 1882 7ies 20 Nov. 7 The horses were rapidly and 
safely detrained. 1892 Whitby Gaz. 26 Aug. 4 A grand total 
of 4794 persons were detrained at the Town Station. 

2. zntr. To alight from a railway train. 

1881 Graphic 3 Sept. 1 The Regiment detraining. 1882 
W. Chester (Pa.) ig, Serre V. No. 142 The English are 
using a new word. Soldiers going out of railway cars ‘de- 
train’. 1888 7%es 31 Mar., These Easter manceuvres give 
great practice to the Volunteers in entraining and detrain- 
ing. 1890 Daily Tel. 18 July, The train..was blocked [by 
a flood] and the passengers had to detrain. 

Hence Detrai‘ning vd/, sb. (also attrib.). 

1885 A. Forpes in 19th Cent. XVII. 635 ‘Their trained 
labourers are deftly building detraining platforms. 1887 
Times 8 Apr. 4/3 Strict silence is to be maintained during 
entraining and detraining. s 

+Detray:, v. Obs. [ad. OF. detrai-re (de- 
tray-ant) = Pr, detraire, Pg. detrahir, It. detrarre 
:—L. détrahére to draw off or away, DETRACT v.] 

1. trans. To take away, subtract, remove; = 
DETRACT 2. I, 2. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 56 The walles .. dyd .. expres, 
With golde depaynted, every perfyte nombre, To adde, de- 
traye, and to devyde asonder, /é:d. xxx. xx, That she your 
sorow may detray or slake. ¢ 1520 Wo tsey in Burnet //7s¢. 
Ref. 11. 90, Ye be put at liberty to add, detray .. chuse or 
mend, as ye shall think good. 

2. To disparage, calumniate; = DETRACT zv. 3. 

¢ 1475 Badbees Bk, 205 (1868) 8 Prayyng. .Of this labour that 
no wihte me detray. 

3. To withdraw; =Derract z, 4. 

1517 H. Watson Shyffe of Fooles Aij, And you be of the 
nombre of the fooles moundaynes that yé may lerne som- 
what for to detraye you out of the shyp stultyfere. 

+ Detre‘ct, v. Obs. [ad. L. détrecta-re (also 
-tractére) to decline, refuse, also to detract from, 
depreciate, freq. of détrahére: see DerRact v,] 

1. trans. To draw back from, decline, refuse; = 
Derract v. 7. (With szmple obj. or inf.) 

1542 Henry VIII Declar. Scots D ij b, They detrected the 
doing of theyr duetie. 1543 Brcon Policy of War Early 
Wks. (1843) 235 Whosoever detrecteth and refuseth to do 
for his country whatsoever lieth in his power. @ 1619 
FotHersy A ¢heowt, 11. i. § 8 (1622) 194 Hee detrected his 
going into Egypt, vpon a pretence, that he was not eloquent. 
1629 H. Burton Babel no Bethel 75 We detrect not to hold 
communion with her. 1661 G. Rust Origen in Phenix 
(1721) I. 85 A Testimony of that great Power your Com- 
mands have over me, which you see I have not detrected. 

absol. ni af B. Jonson New Juz u. vi, Doe not detrect : 
you know th’ authority Is mine. 

2. To disparage, depreciate, speak evil of, blame ; 
= DETRACT v, 3. 

1563 Win3ev Four Scoir Thre Quest. § 64 Wks. 1888 1. 116 
Quhy detrect 3e and rebukis ws Catholikis for the obserua- 
tioun thairof. 

Detrectation (ditrektéfon), rare. [ad. L. 
detrectation-em, n. of action from détrectare: see 


prec.] A drawing back, refusal, declinature. 

1623 Cockeram, Detrectation, a refusing to doe a thing. 
@ 1647 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) II. 308 The more hate- 
ful is the detrectation of our observance. 1789 BENTHAM 
Princ. Legisl. xvi. § 27 (1879) 237 If he was [in possession], 
it may be termed wrongful abdication of trust; if not, 
wrongful detrectation or non-assumption, 

+ Detrench, v. Obs. [a. OF. detrenchier, -cher 
(also -tranchier) to cut, cut away, cut off, f. Dx- I. 
2 + trencher, trancher to cut.] 

1. trans. To cut asunder or through. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. 1x. (1495) 176 A synewe 
whyche is kytte asondre and detrenchyd growyth neuer 
after. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. Xxxvi. 
39a/1 Wyth his teeth he detrenched and bote his tonge. 
c1500 Melusine xxii, 146 He detrenched & cutte the two 
maister vaynes of his nek. ae 

2. To cut up, cut or hew in pieces; to inflict 
severe slaughter upon, ‘ cut to pieces’ in battle. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur v. yi, Sir Launcelot with suche 
knyghtes as he hadde .. slewe and detrenchid many of the 
Romayns. ¢1477 Caxton ¥asoz 111 We shall rendre to 
the thy sone slayn and detrenched by pieces. 1489 — 
Blanchardyn xx. 63 He detrenched and kutte bothe horses 
and knyghtes, he cloue and rent helmes and sheldes, 

3. To cut off, sever by cutting. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. 38 b, If your hande were detrenched, 
or youre bodie maimed with some soubdaine stroake. 

4. fig. To cut away, cut down, retrench, curtail. 

1654 H. L’Esrrance Chas. J. (1655) 183 Had the king 
yeelded to a detrenching some luxuriances of his Preroga- 
tive. bid. 216 Many would detrench from them their secu! 
power. 

+ Detre'ssed, Z//. a. Obs. [f. F. détressé, OF. 
destrecté (13th c.), £. de-, des- (DE- I. 6) + tressé 
arranged in a tress or tresses, f. ¢resse TRESS.] 
Of hair: Out of ‘tress’ or plait; hanging loose. 

100-20 Dunbar Poems Ixxvil. 43 Syne come thair four 
and twentie na . With hair detressit, as threidis of 
gold did hing. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Rom, Quest. (1892) 
22 With their haires detressed and hanging downe loose. 

Detriment (de‘trimént), sd. Also 5-6 detry- 
ment. [a. F. dériment (1236 in Hatzf.-Darm.), 
ad. L. détrimenitum loss, damage, detriment, f. 
deterére (détrivi, détrit-) to wear away, impair.] 


DETRIMENTAL. 


1. Loss or damage done or caused to, or sustained 
by, any person or thing. 

ax44go Found. St. Bartholomew's 24 Dumme he was 
know..berynge heuyly the detrimente of his tonge. 1529 
Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 16. § 11 To the great Detriment of 
our own natural Subjects. 1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe 11. iii. 
(1539) 17a, Nature shulde susteyne treble detriment. 1542 
BoorDE Dyetary vii. (1870) 243 Yf he .. lese hym selfe, and 
bryng hym selfe to a detryment. 1548 STAUNFoRD Aing’s 
Prerog. v. (1567) 25 b, Note that sometymes the king is to 
take a detriment by the liuere with y° particion. 1616 R. C. 
Times’ Whistle iii. 1032 Thinkst thou Peeters chaire. .Can 
free thee from eternall detriment ? 1663 Butter H/1d.1. ii.g29 
Sole author of all Detriment He and his Fiddle underwent. 
1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 419 Lest any detri- 
ment might accrue to the heirs. 1859 Mitt Liberty iii. 
(1865) 40/1 The luxury of doing as they like without detri- 
ment to their estimation, 1875 Lyett Princ. Geol. II. 1. 
xl. 393 [Seeds] may be carried without detriment through 
climates where the plants themselves would instantly perish. 

b. That which causes or embodies a loss; some- 
thing detrimental. i 

1504 ATKYNSON tr. De Jinitatione 1. iv, Those thynges that 
be the hurt of theyr owne soules & the detriment of theyr 
neyghboure. 1548 Lp. Somerset fist. Scots Byjb, This 
forein helpe is your confusion, that sucéour is your detriment. 
1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 187 Some of them must of 
Necessity be neglected. .which is the greatest Detriment to 
this Mystery. 1855 Hr. Martineau A xéobiog. 1. 400 Their 
advocacy of Woman’s cause becomes mere detriment. 

2. Astro/, The position or condition of a planet 
when in the sign opposite its house; a condition 
of weakness or distress. 

1632 Massincer City Madame u. ii, Saturn out of all digni- 
ties, in his detriment and fall, combust. 1660 H. More J/ys¢. 
Godliness vit. xv. 342 Saturn, Jupiter and Mars from their 
conjunction to their opposition with the Sun are Oriental, 
and gain two fortitudes; but from their Opposition to their 
Conjunction are Occidental, and incur two detriments. 

3. Her. Eclipse (of sun or moon) ; also, the in- 
visible phase of the moon at her change. 

1610 Guitu Heraldry 111.iii.(1660) 110[see DECREMENT IC]. 
Jbid. 112 He beareth, Argent, a Moon in her detriment or 
Eclipse, Sable. 1688 R. Hotme Arymoury u. 22/1 This is.. 
a Moon in her detriment or Eclipse. 1839 Baitey /estus 
(1872) 121 Nor moon's dim detriment. 

4. pl. The name of certain small charges made 
by colleges and similar societies upon their mem- 


bers. 

The ‘detriments’ at Cambridge corresponded to the ‘de- 
crements’ at Oxford, and appear to have been originally 
deductions from the stipends of foundation members on 
account of small extras for the table, etc., not included in 
their statutory or customary commons; the charge was 
afterwards extended to all members and students of the 
colleges. See Fowler Hist. C.C.C. (O.H.S.) 354. 

1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 20 A solemn admission, and a 
formal paying of Colledge-Detriments, 1686 Aejon MSS, in 
14th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. iv. 185 His bill of June 24 
[16]85 £11:09:11. His detriments, De. to June 24 [16]86 

02:17:034. 1705 Order-book of Christ's Coll. Camb.(MS.) 
6 Nov., The Schollars to be eased in their detriments from 
1 June to 1 November. We'll think of a Method in the 
meantime. . 

5. f/. Ruins (of buildings). 

1632 Lirucow 7yrav. v. 200 ‘The stony heapes of Jericho, 
the detriments of Thebes, the relicts of Tyrus. /did. 1x. 402 
“We came .. to the detriments of Messina. 


De‘triment, v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vans. To cause 
loss or damage to; to damage, injure, hurt. 

1621 W. Scrater Tythes (1623) 226 His losse of reserued 
time, already so detrimented in his hallowed substance. 
1659 FULLER A Inj. Innoc.1.7 That others might be de- 
trimented thereby. 1678 Marvett Growth Popery 35 Upon 
the Ballance of the French Trade, this Nation was detri- 
mented yearly gooooo/. or a Million. 1743 Lond. § Coun- 
try Brew. u. (ed. 2) 112 This ill forceable usage..clogs and 
detriments the fine penetrating Particles. 1841 D'Israetr 
Amen, Lit, (1867) 122 The disuse of the French would de- 
triment their intercourse abroad. 

Detrimental (detrimental), @. and sd. [f. 
DETRIMENT 5d. + -AL.] 

A. adj. Causing loss or damage; harmful, in- 
jurious, hurtful. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Detrimental, hurtful, dangerous, 
full of loss. a@166x FuLLeR Worthies (1840) I. 281 A gift 
indeed..loaded with no detrimental conditions. 171g W. 
Woop Surv. Trade 84 That the Trade. .is most detrimental 
tothe Nation. 1801 Med. Frnl. V. 1 Particularly detri- 
mental to the constitution. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 271 
Their admission was detrimental to French industry, 1875 
Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 53 Paradoxes .. which [are]... 
detrimental to the true course of thought. 


B. sd. A person or thing that is prejudicial; in 
Society slang, a younger brother of the heir of an 


estate ; a ineligible suitor. ; 

1831 West, Rev. XIV. 424 The eldest son is pursued by 
.-damsels, while the younger are termed ‘detrimentals’.. 
and avoided by ‘ mothers and cg ae ’ as more dangerous 
company than the plague. 1832 Marryat 1, Forster xxv, 
These detrimentads (as they have named themselves) ma‘ 
be provided for. 1854 Lavy Lyrron Behind the Scenes \, 
ul. ili. 188 There were also plenty of detrimentals, such as 
younger brothers, unpaid red tapeists, heiress-seekers, and 
political connection-hunters, 1870 C. F. Gorpon-Cumminc in 
Gd. Words 137/t The sisters of the wife being considered 
detrimentals, are placed in Buddhist convents. 1886 Househ. 
Words 13 Mar. 400 (Farmer) A detrimental, in genteel slang, 
is a lover, who, owing to his poverty is ineligible as a hus- 
band; or one who p to to a lady 
without serious intention of marriage, and thereby discour- 
ages the intentions of others. 1893 Mrs. C. Prarp Outlaw 
§& Lawmaker Ui. 80 Mrs. Valliant. thought that the detri- 


Is kept off “ , 
a 35*-2 


DETRIMENTALLY. 


Hence Detrimenta'lity, Detrime‘ntalness. 
1727 Bawey vol. Il, Detrimentaln judicial 
1873 Daily News 5 Aug., When you are hinting to your 
fair daughter the detrimentality of Charlie Fraser..who has 
his su’ tern's pay and about 50/. a year thrown in. 
mtally (detrime-ntali), adv. [f. prec. 
+-Ly2.] Ina manner causing detriment or harm ; 
hurtfully. 

1879 H. Spencer Data of Ethics iv. § 22. 60 The loss of 
character detrimentally affects his business. - 1886 Law 
Times’ Rep. LI. 674/1 The exercise of the franchise by 
=a servants cannot prejudicially or detrimentally affect the 

rown. 

Detrime‘ntary, @. vere. [f. DetRiMent sd. + 
~ARY, Cf. ELEMENTARY.) = DETRIMENTAL a, 

1841 Fraser's eae XXV. 27 An internal commotion .. 
detrimentary to the high trust he held. 

entous, 2. Ods. [f. as prec. + -ous.] 

= DETRIMENTAL a. 

1648 J. Goopwin Right & Might 24 It .. would be detri- 
mentous and destructive to it. did. 40 Counsels .. detri- 
mentous and destructive to the generall. interest. 

Detrital (d/traital), @. Physiogr. [f. Derrit- 
uS+-AL.] Of or pertaining to detritus ; consisting 
of particles worn away from some solid body. 

1832 De La Becue Geol, Man, (ed.2) 249 The detrital de- 
posits of thecountry, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x\viii. (1856) 
455 The valleys were studded with .. rocks, and a detrital 
paste resembling till. 1869 Puiturs Vesuv, vii. 173 Where 
atmospheric vicissitudes have produced detrital slopes. 1878 
Hux ey P&Aysiogr. 132 The detrital matter which is worn 
away from the land and carried along by rivers. 

+ Detrite, ppl.a. Obs—° [ad. L. détritus, pa. 
pple. of déterére to wear away.] Worn down, worn 
away. 

eco Biount Glossogr., Detrite, worn out, bruised, or con- 
sumed, 

Detrited (ditraitéd\, AA. a. 

1. Worn down. 

1697 Evetyn Numism.iv.10 Some of our worn-out and 
detrited Harry Groats. 1887 NV. § Q. 7th Ser. 3 Sept. 194/2 
A halfpenny detrited. 

2. Geol. Disintegrated ; formed as detritus. 

1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x\viii.(1856) 448 A long earthen 
stain, garnished probably with detrited rubbish, extended 
down like the lines of a moraine. 1856 — Arct. Ex. I1. 
xv. 157 Impregnated throughout with detrited matter. 

Detri‘tic, a. rare. [f. Dernit-us + -1c.] = 
DETRITAL. 

1843 Porriock Geol. 514 The stream. .runs through a deep 
detritic ravine. 

Detrition (d/tri‘fan). [n. of action f, L. dé- 
tercre, ppl. stem détrit-, to wear away, rub away. 
Cf. mod.F. dérition (in Cuvier).] The action of 
wearing away by rubbing. 

1674 Petty Disc. Dupl. Proportion 125 Gross tangible 
Bodies being very mutable by the various Additions and 
Detritions that befal them. 1741 Monro Anat, Bones (ed. 3) 
55 The Uses of Cartilages .. are, to allow. . Bones .. to slide 
easily without Detrition. 1890 .Va/ure 27 Nov. go Deteition 
has made it as smooth as the shingle pebbles on our shores. 
1893 Dublin Kev. July 733 What remains after centuries of 
detrition and denudation. 

Detritus (ditreitis). Physiogr. [a. L. détritus 
(z-stem) rubbing away. 

The proper meaning of the L. word appears in sense r. 
The etymologically improper sense 2 af have been taken 
from French, in which détvitus is cited of date 1780 by 
Hatz.-Darm. Earlier in the century, according to the Dict. 
de Trévoux, the more correct défritum was used in F.} : 

+1. Wearing away or down by detrition, disin- 
tegration, decomposition. Oéds. 

1798 Hutton Theory of Earth (1797) 1.115 Such materials 
as might come from the detritus of granite. /bid. 206, I have 
nowhere said that a// the soil of this earth is made from the 
decomposition or detritus of these stony substances. 1802 
Prayrair //lustr. Hutton. Th. Wks. 1822 1. 63 The effects 
of waste and detritus. Ibid, 113 Proofs of a detritus which 
nothing can resist. did. 123 The waste and detritus to 
which all things are subject. uns ; 

2. Matter produced by the detrition or wearing 
away of exposed surfaces, especially the gravel, 
sand, clay, or other material eroded and washed 
away by aqueous agency; a mass or formation of 
this nature. 

1802 PLavrair Jdlustr. F/ ution. Th. Wks. 1822 1. 409 The 

uantity of detritus brought down by the rivers, /éid. 425 

“he distance to which the detritus from the land is con- 
fessedly carried, 1802 — in Adin. Rev. 1. 207 When the 
detritus of the land is delivered by the rivers into the sea. 
1823 W. Buckiann Relig. Diluv. 26 Deposits of diluvial 


[as prec. + -ED.] 


detritus, like the surface gravel beds of England. 1832 De 
1a Becue Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 210 The whole is evidently 


a detritus of the Alpine rocks, and in it organic remains are 
by no means common. 1851 Mayne Reip Sca/p Hunt, xli, 
e entered the cafion, and _ over the detritus, 1862 
Dana Man. Geol. 643 The fine earthy material deposited by 
streams or their sediment, is called si/¢ or detritus, 1876 
Pact Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xix. 39 That broad valley .. 
covered to an immense depth with an angular detritus. 

3. transf. and fig. Waste or disintegrated material 
of any kind ; debris. 

1834 J. Forses Lacnnec’s Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 189 The walls 
of this abscess had ..no surface, the pus being observed 
gradually to pass into a purulent detritus, and this into 
a firmer tissue. 1849 H. Rocers £ss, II, vi. 306 The loose 
detritus of thought, washed down to us thro long. ages. 
be Sir F. re erase $ rat jor T am of 

guages coveri orthern Gauls, 1876 tr. Wagner's 
ten, Pathol. 192 red blood-corpuscles and fibrinous 
detritus. .are real 


276 


b. An accumulation of debris of any sort. 

1851 Layarp Pop. Acc. Discov. Nineveh vii. 134 We found 
ourselves at the foot of an almost icular detritus of 
loose stones. 1866 R. Cuampers ss. Ser. 1. 185 There is 
a detritus of ruin in every corner, of broken toys, 
sofa-pillows, foot-stools. 

De trop: see Dx II. 

Detrude (ditr#d), v. [ad. L. détriidére to thrust 
away or down, f. Dx- I. 1, 2 + ¢ridére to — 

1. ¢rans. To thrust, push, or force down. (Zit. 
and fig:) 

1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. III, an. 3(R.) And theim to cast 
and detrude sodaynly into conti captiuitie and bondag: 
1638 Six T. Hervert 7 raz. (ed, 2) 216 His wife Semiramys 
detruded him into prison. 1644 H. Parker Yus Pop. 51 
This want detrudes them into a condition below beasts. 
hdc THomson Spring 567 The torpid , detruded to 
the root By wintry winds. bers. by Roserts 7 reat. Urinary 
Dis. 1. xiv. (ed. 4) 673 The right kidney. .could be detruded 
downwards. : 

2. To thrust out or away ; to expel or repel forci- 
bly. (det, and fig.) 

555 Anp. Parker Ps. xxxviii. 109 Detrude me not. @ 1575 
Diurn. Occurrents(1833)152(They]detrudit the ministarie of 
Goddis word. 1 
detruded Heaven for his meerly pride and malice. 
Power £.xp. Philos. 1. 138 The included Ayr .. striving to 
dilate itself, detrudes the Quicksilver. 1 aris Hermes 
Ul. iii. (1786) 266 Not a word .. is detruded from its proper 
place. 1847 Topp Cyc. Anat. 1V. 83/2 Tartar. .sometimes 
detrudes this [tooth] from its socket. 

Detruncate (ditranke't), v. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. détruncare to lop off, f. De- I. 2 + truncare to 
cut off, maim.] ‘rans. To shorten by lopping off 
a portion (it. and fig.) ; to cut short, ‘cut down’, 
Hence Detru‘ncated ff/. a. = TRUNCATED. 

1623 Cocxeram, Detruncate, to cut or lop boughs. wef 
Baitey vol. 11, Detruncated, cut or chopped off ; beh 
1846 Lanpor /’ks. (1868) I. 537/2 Which. .would detruncate 
our rank expenditure. 1877 Burnett Zar 46 In the wide end 
of a detruncated cone. 1885 H. Conway Family Affair vi, 
He had not yet detruncated a [china] Chelsea figure. 

Detruncation (ditrvgké'fon).  [ad. L. dé- 
truncation-em a lopping off, n. of action f. détrun- 
care: see prec. Cf. mod.F. détroncation.] The 
action of cutting off or cutting short; the fact or 
condition of being cut short. (dzt. and fig.) 

1623 Cockeram, Detruncation, a lopping or cutting. 1651 

31ccs New Disp. ? 287 Detruncation or diminution of their 
strength. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 88 P11 This detrun- 
cation of our syllables. 1845 Blackw. Mag. LVII. 523 Not 
a perilous gash, but a detruncation fatal to the living frame. 
1877 Burnett Lar 43 Two detruncated cones placed together 
at kf points of detruncation. 

b. Obstetric Surg. (See quot.) 

1 Craic, Detruncation, The separation of the trunk of 
the foetus from the head, the latter remaining in utero. 
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+t Detrunk, v. Obs. [ad. L. détruncare to lop 
off; after TrunK.] ¢rans. To cut off. lop off. 

1566 Drant Horace’ Sat. iii. G vj b, When she of dolefull 
chylde The head detruncte dyd_ beare about. 1654 H. 
Thsreasce Chas. I (1655) 80 This Petition they thought 
would detrunck too much, and some thought strike at the 
very root of that Prerogative, 

+ Detruse, v. Sc. Obs. [f. L. détriis- ppl. 
stem of détridére.] By-form of DerruDE. 

197 Sempill Ballates ie, 126 Gif ye neglect, than God 
. Will from yat rowme thoill you to be detrusit. : 

Detrusion (ditr# zon). [ad. late L. détritsion 
-em, n. of action f. detridére, ppl. stem défriis-, 
to thrust down or away.] ‘The action of thrusting 
down or away (/it, and f' .); ef. DeTRUDE. 

Force of detrusion in Mech. =downward thrust. 

1620 Br. Hatt Hon. Mar. Clergie 11. § 6 Insolent detru- 
sion of imperiall authority. — x Swan Spec. M. v. $2 
(1643) 180 By..violent detrusion from the cloud wherein it 
was enclosed. 1707 Norris Humility vii. 306 A detrusion 
into the bottomless pit. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr, (1864) IX. 
x1v. i. 51 The detrusion from its autocratic. . throne, 

Detrusor (ditrisa1). Also 6 Sc. -ar. [agent- 
noun from L. détridére, détriis- to DETRUDE. 

+1. One who thrusts away or rejects. Ods, 

1571 Sempill Ballates (1872) 121 Detrusaris, refuisaris Of 
hir authoritie. : e 

2. Anat. [mod.L.; in full detrusor urine.| Name 
for the muscular coat of the bladder, by con- 
traction of which the urine is expelled. 

[1706 in Prius (ed. Kersey), Detrusor Uring.] 1766 
Parsons in PAil. Trans. LVI. 215 The detrusor muscle of 
the..urinary bladder. 1876 Gross Dis, Bladder 55 The 
internal fibres of the detrusor muscle. 

+ Detruss (ditra’s), v. Obs. Also 5 destruss. 
[a. OF. destrousser, detroucer, mod.F¥, détr-, to de- 
spoil one of his /rousses, i.e. baggage, to rob, pil- 
lage, f.dé-, des-, L.dis-+ trousse bundle, pl. baggage.] 
trans. To spoil, plunder (of baggage), 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 65 ~~ grete aventur he scapyth. . but 
he dees hys op aly estrussed. 1598 Barrer 7heor, 
Warrés w, i, 100 That the enemy detrusse him not thereof 
[munition]. /déd. v. ii. 142 To detrusse the enemies conuoy. 

Dette, detter, -our, etc., obs. ff. Dest, Depron. 

Detton, obs. var. of DerEnT sé. ; 

+ De a. Obs, [a. OF, deté, detté, f. dete: 
L. cs at bitatus, f. debita debt.] 

bY , due. 


, V.7T hat i 
Pa Fp ay 1 ey og toy ati 


1664 


Fevtuam Xesolves u. lvi. 274'To be | 


DEUCE. 
Pai a 


opie robe ; ¥ Dens coon Popen ay +, 
N : 2 

2. Indebted. . 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xv. Wii. (1495) 509 She 


shewyth herselfe detty to wise men and ynwise. 

+ Detumefy, 2. ls. [Dr-IL 1] intr, To 
lose swollen condition, subside from being swollen. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xiv. 485 If it be fomented 
with very cold Water, it will detumefie. 

escence (ditiwme'séns). [f. L. déu- 
méscére to cease or subside from i 
I. 6 + tuméscére to begin to swell): see -ENCE. So 
in mod.F. (1792 in Hatzf-Darm.)] Subsidence 
from swelling, or ( fg.) from tumult. 
_ 1678 Cupwort Jntedl. Syst. 581 The Wider the Circulat- 
ing Wave grows, still hath it the more Subsidence and 
Detumescence. 1704 W.Cowrer in Phil. Trans. XXV. 
1584 Unfitness for its retraction till there is a detumescence 
its Glans. 1883 Farrar & Poote Gen. Aims Teacher 
10 The School was in the detumescence of a most ruinous 
rebellion. Syd. Soc. Lex., Detumescence, the subsi- 
dence of a swelling, or the al ion of a tumour, 

Detunow, -nue, obs. ff. DeTiNvE. 

Detur (d7té1). [L. déur let there be gan 
(dare to give).] A re of books given annually at 
Harvard College, U.S., to meritorious students : 
so called from the first word of the accompanying 
Latin inscription. 

(The — are provided from the bequest of the Hon, Ed- 
ward Hopkins who died in 1657.) 

1836 Lowe Lett. (1894) rs 1o The ‘deturs’ have been 

iven out, and I have got Akenside’s Poems. 1883 Harvard 

xiv, Catal, 110 A distribution of books called Deturs is 
made..near the beginning of the Academic Year, to meri- 
torious students of one year's standing. Deturs are also 
er to..members of the Junior Class who..have made 

ecided improvement in scholarship. Last year twenty- 
nine Deturs were given in the Sophomore Class and five in 
the Junior Class. 

+ "rb,v. Obs. [ad. L. déturb-dre to thrust 
down, f. De- I, 1 + turbare to disturb, disorder.] 
trans. To drive or beat down ; to thrust out. 

1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 243 That 
thou be .. deturbed or tumbled out of the possession of thy 
Kingdome. 1620 Venner Via Recta ii. 24 They deturbe 
the meats from the stomacke. 1636 Bratnwait Lives Rom. 

03 Hee deturbed the aforesaid Pope from the seate, 
1652 Br. Hatt /avisible World w.(L.) As soon may the 
walls of heaven be scaled and thy throne deturbed, as he 
can be foiled that is defenced within thy power. a 
Tomutnson Renou's Disp. 640 These Trochisks,.potently 
deturb such humours. 

+ Detu‘rbate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. déturbat- 
ppl. stem of déturbare: see prec.] =prec. 

156: Foxe A. §& M. (1684) 1. 662/1 This your rejecting, 
Ph, Pod aerbacleg wad meee out of Anatholoes. 

So + Deturba'tion Obs. rare—°. 

1727 Bawey vol. II, Deturbation, a ing or throwing 
down from on high ; also a troubling or disturbing. 

+ Deturn (ditdn), v. Ods. [a. F. détourne-r 
(in OF. desturner, whence Disturn), f. dé-, des-:— 
L. dis- (Dis- 1) + tourner to Turn.] trans. To 
turn away or aside ; to divert, cause to deviate. 

ax4so Kut. de la Tour ci. 134 To deturne hym from 
eueri euelle dede. 1607 Sc. “Act Yas. VI (1816) 388 ( am.) 
To alter and deturne a litill the said way to the... better 
travelling for the lieges. 1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies xi. (1658) 
117 The force that can deturn a feather from its course down- 
wards, is not able to deturn a stone. 1745 Cursterr. Lett, 
I. cil, Let nothing deturn from the epee 

+ Deturpate, f7/. a. Obs. sat. [ad. L. 
déturpat-us, pa. pple. of déturpare.] Defiled, 

¢ 1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1046 The sayd glasse 

is nat deturpat nor made foule. 
+ Deturpate (diti-upe't), v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem 
of L. déturpare to disfigure, f. De- I. 3 + “erpare 
to make unsightly, pollute, deform, disgrace, f, 
turpis foul, disgraceful.] 

1. “rans. To defile, pollute ; to debase. 

1623 Cockrram, Deéturpate,to defile. 1628 Prynne Love- 
Jockes 52 These Vnchristian cultures, which Defile, Pollute, 
Deturpate and deforme our les. 1647 Jer. TaYLor 
Dissuas. Popery i. Bh yc 99 The heresies and impieties 
which had deturpated the face of the Church. ‘ToMuin- 
son Renou's Disp., Nigritude deturpates them [the Teeth). 

2. intr. To become vile or base. 

1691 Woop Ath, O.von. 11. 484 He did jposg. hen detur- 
pate, and so continued worse and worse till his h. 1833 
Fraser's Mag. Vil. 635 He afterwards deturpated, 
became idle, dissipated, and reckless. 

+ tion. Ods. {[n. of action f, prec.; 
see -ATION. Simran de ome 

Caxton Eneydos xxviii. 110 , ene 
onde hardenesse of olde age. 1660 Jen. Tavtor Duct, 
Dubit, u. iii, rule xiv. § 29 The corrections and deturpations 
and mistakes of transcribers. 

Detynue, obs. form of Detinuz. 

Deu, obs. form of Dew, Dur. 

Deubash, obs. form of DuBasu, 

+ Deu'bert, Ods. ae Dew.] One of the old 
e hare, 


deuis, 6-7 dewce, deuse, 7 dews, deus, he 
duce, 6- deuce. [a. F. deux, OF. deus two. 

-ce regularly represents earlier -s, as in peace, fence, 
defence, etc.) . , 


} 


DEUCE. 


1. The ¢wo at dice or cards. .a, Dice, That side 
of the die that is marked with two pips or spots ; 
a throw which turns up this side. : 

1519 Horman Vlg. 280 b, Deuce and synke were nat in 
the olde dyce. 1598 FLorio, Duin7, two dewses at dice. 
1605 CAMDEN Rem. 148 Two in a ys casting dews at 
dice. ax Butter Rew. (1759) 1. 81 Or settling it in 
Trust to Uses, Out of his Pow’r, on Trays and Deuses. 1772 
Foore Nabob u. Wks. 1799 11. 301 Tray, ace, or two deuces, 

b. Cards. That card of any suit which is marked 
with two spots. 

1680 Cotton Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 343 They.. 
carry about. .treys, deuces, aces, &c. in their pockets. 1775, 
Goucu_in Archwologia (1787) VIII. 154 On the duce of 
acorns besides the ardeenaler a arms is [etc.]. 1853 Lytton 
My/Novel 1. xii, My partner has turned up a deuce—deuce 


earts. 

2. Tennis, [ =It.adue, F.ad deux de jeu.) Aterm 
denoting that the two sides have each gained three 
points (called 40) in a game (or five games in a 
set), in which case /zwo successive points (or games) 
must be gained in order to win the game (or set). 
(See ADVANTAGE sd, 2.) Also attrid. 

1598 Frorio, Adua..a dewce, at tennice play. 1816 
Encycl. Perth, XXII, 221 Instead of calling it 40 at all, it 
is called deuce. 1878 Jut. Marsnat Annals of Tennis 134 
Scaino [in 1555] then tells his readers that [the scoring is] 
“at two (a due)’ as it is called when the game is reduced or 
*set’ to two strokes to be gained, in order to winit. ‘The 
term. .a dwe is still preserved in the French form @ deux, 
corrupted in English into dence. 1882 Daily Tel. 18 July 
2 game ran to 30 all, and then deuce was called twice. 
1885 Pall Mall G. 12 May 11/r The concluding game was 
so close that deuce and advantage were repeatedly called, 
and the set more than once hung on a single difficult stroke. 

+38. Mus. The interval ‘of a second. Obs. rare. 

1829 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) 1. 237, I also can acknow- 
ledge a discord in a deuce and a seventh. 

4. slang. Twopence, 

azjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, A Duce, two Pence. 
1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour I. 256 Give him a ‘deuce’ and 
* stall him off’, ; 

5. Comb, deuce-ace, two and one (i.e. a throw 
that turns up deuce with one die and ace with the 
other) ; hence, a poor throw, bad luck, mean estate, 
the lower class (cf. Ger. das es, s.v. Daus in 
Grimm); deuce-point, the second point from 
either end of the board at backgammon. 

1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 47 He was a pylgrym of deux 
aas [Fl. een pellegrvm van doys aes}. 1888 Suaxs. L.L.L. 
1. ii. 4g You know how much the groase summe of deus-ace 
amounts to.. Which the base vulgar call three. 1596 Gosson 
in Hazl. £. P. P. IV. 254 Deuse-ace fals still to be their 
chance. 1609 Ev. Woman in Hum. w. i. in Bullen O. PZ. 
IV, Twere better, by thrice deuce-ace, in a weeke [etc.]. 


.1658 J. Jones Ovid's Ibis 75 Deuce Ace cannot pay scot 


and lot, and Sice Sink-will not pay: Be it known toall, what 
payments fall must light on Cater Tray [i.e. the middle 
classes]. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. ii, I threw deuce-ace five 
times running. a6 C. Jones Hoyle's Games Impr. 179 Sup- 
pose, that 14 of his Men are _ upon his Adversary’s 
Ace Point, and one Man upon his Adversary’s Deuce Point. 
1894 F. S. Evtis Reynard the Fox 336 That which is likened 
to deuce ace Hath in esteem the lowest place. 

Deuce? (dis). collog. or slang. Also 7 dewce, 
7-8 deuse, 7-9 duce, 8 dewse, 9 dial. doose. 
[Prob, from LG, in 17th. : cf.Ger. daus, LG. duns, 
used in precisely the same way, in the exclamatory 
der daus ! was der daus...! LG, de duus! wat 
de duus | : 

The derivation of German daus is disputed: but there is 
reason to think that it is the same word as das daus = the 
Deuce! at dice (where ‘two’ is the lowest and most unlucky 
throw), the ears being changed when the gambler’s ex- 
clamation of vexation ‘the deuce!’ was metamorphosed 
into a personal expletive. A parallel development is known 
in Danish where the plural sb. Jokker ‘pocks, pox’, has 
come to be felt as a singular, and to be taken for ‘the devil’, 
from its use in imprecations such as Gid pokker havde det! 
Would that a pox had that !, Pokker staa i det! A pox on 
that! Hvad i er det ? What the pox (devil) is that? 
(See Pox.) (On other conjectural identifications see Rev. 
A. L, Mayhew in Academy 30 Jan. 1892, p. 111.)] 

a. Bad luck, plague, mischief; in imprecations 
and exclamations, as a deuce on him! a deuce of 
his cane! b. The personification or spirit of mis- 
chief, the devil. Originally, in exclamatory and 
interjectional phrases; often as a mere expression 
of impatience or emphasis; as, what the (+ what a) 
deuce ?, so, who, how, where, when the deuce? 
(the) deuce take it !, the deuce is in it! Later, in 
other phrases parallel to those under Devin; Zo 
dlay the deuce (with), the deuce and all, the deuce to 
pa, a deuce of a mess, etc, , 

In the quotations under @ (to which the earliest instances 
belong), ‘plague’ or ‘ mischief’ is evidently the sense : cf. 
the parallel and earlier ‘A mischief (a pox, or a plague) on 
him!’ ‘ Mischief (or plague) take you!’ ‘What a mischief 
(pox, plague)!’ This meaning is also possible in those under 

13 cf. the parallel ‘What the mischief (or the plague)!’ 
But mischief was personified already before 1700, and ‘ the 
Mischief’ was in the 18th c. a frequent euphemism for ‘ the 
devil’ ; that dence was already taken in this sense in 1708 is 
evident from Motteux’s use of it as=F. diantre, in b2. In 
the other quotations in the same group, ‘deuce’ plainl 
takes the place of ‘ devil’ in well-known phrases ; but suc! 
clearly personified uses as ‘the deuce knows’, ‘to go to the 
deuce’, appear late. 

a. 165r RaNvotrn, etc. Hey for Honesty. i, But a deuce 
on him, it does not seem so. 1677 Otway Cheats of Scapin 


277 


mt i, A dewce on’t. a1 Lp. Orrery Guzman 1, Who, 
a duce, are those two fellows? 1708 Mrs, CeNTLIVRE 
Busie Body (1732) 41 A Duce of his Cane! 1719 D’Urrey 
Pills (1872) II. 66 A-duce take their chat! @xz72x Prior 
Poems, Thief & Cordelier, What a duce dost thou ayl? 1796 
Burns Let. to Cunningham 7 July, The deuce of the 
matter is this; when an exciseman is off duty, his salary is 
reduced, 

bl. 1694 Concreve Double Dealer 1. i, The deuse take 
me, if there were three good things said. 1726 Swirr 70 a 
Lady, Duce isin you, Mr. Dean. 1757 SMotietr Reprisal 
1. viii, What the deuce are you afraid of? 1776S. J. Pratr 
Pupil of Pleasure 11. 34 How the duce came she to marry? 
1826 Disrarii Viv. Grey v. xii, What the deuce is the 
matter with the man? 1861 Hucues 7am Brown at Oxf. 
iii. (1884) 28 How the deuce did you get by the lodge, Joe? 

b*% 1708 Motreux Rabelais v. xix, The Dewse take ’em 
(F. Mais guoy diantre 1); (they flatter the Devil here, and 
smoothifie his Name, quoth Panurge). 1762 SteRNE 7”. 
Shandy V. xxviii, There has been. .the deuce and all to do. 
1763 Cotman Deuce 7s in Him Prol., If our author don’t 
produce Some character that plays the deuce; If there’s no 
frolick, sense, or whim, Retort ! and play the dev’! with him ! 
1793 Cowrer Let, Wks. 1837 XV. 250 If the critics still 
grumble, I shall say the very deuce is in them. 1824 Byron 
Fuan xv. lii, He had that kind of fame Which sometimes 
plays the deuce with womankind, 1830 Lapy GranviL_e 
Lett. 9 Nov. (1894) II. 65 An unpopular one..would have 
been the deuce to pay. 1840 THackeray Catherine ii, 
Love is a bodily infirmity .. which breaks out the deuce 
knows how or why. 1848 Dickens Domébey ii, The child is 
..Going to the Deuce. 1851 D. Mitcneiy Fresh Glean- 
ings 19 Tearing away at a deuce of a pace. a 1860 G. P. 
Morris Poems (ed. 15) 251 Here’ll be the deuce to pay ! 
1861 Dutton Cook P. Foster's D. iii. A gipsy, rollicking, 
deuce-may-care sort of bird. 1862 THACKERAY Hour Georges 
iv. 196 To lead him yet farther on the road to the deuce. 

e. Asan expression of incredulous surprise; also, 
as an emphatic negative, as in (the) deuce a bit !, 
etc. (Cf plague, sorrow, devil, fiend.) 

1710-11 Swirt Lett, (1767) III. 89 We were to dine at Mr. 
Harley’s alone, about some business of importance. .but the 
deuce a bit, the company staid, and more came. 1712 
— Frnl. to Stella 22 Mar., The deuce he is! married to 
that vengeance! 1728 Vanpr. & Cis. Prev. Husb. 1. i. 26 
Man, He has carried his Election .. Z. 7vw. The Duce! 
what! for—for—. 1774 Foote Cozeners u. Wks. 1799 IL. 
171 Me? ha, ha, ha! the deuce a bit. 1789 Mrs. Prozzt 
Journ. France Il, 26 At Florence and Milan, the deuce a 
Neapolitan could he find. 1805 S. & Hr. Lee Canterb. T. 
V. 56 The old lady glanced at her .. but deuce a bit did she 
desire her to sit down, 1831 Z-vaminer 354/1 ‘Lord Eldon 
was not one of those’. . The deuce he’s not! 

Deuced (dizst, diz-séd), a. collog.or slang. Also 
8 duced, 9 (Aumorously) doosed, doosid. [f. 
Devcr 2 + -rp?; app. after ppl. adjs. like con- 

Sounded, cursed, damned, etc.] Plaguy, confounded; 
‘devilish’ ; expressing impatient dislike, or as a 
mere emphatic expletive. 

_ 1782 Mrs. E. Brower G. Batenran II. 215 Wife puts me 
into sitch a duced passion sometimes. /d/d. III. 21 What 
a duced pother thee art in, Captain! 1791 Map. D’ARBLAY 
Diary 4 June, If it was not for that deuced tailor, I would 
not stir, 1819 Byron ¥xax 1. clxvii, When we call our old 
debts in At sixty years..And find a deuced balance with the 
devil. 1876 F. E. Trottore Charming Fellow I. ii. 18 
She’s a deuced deal cleverer than lots of men. 1887 Poor 
Nellie 57 ‘Vhat’s why I came off in such a deuced hurry. 

b. Often adverbially: = next. 

1779 Mav. D’Arsiay Diary 20 Oct., A clever fellow. .got 
a deuced good understanding. 1840 THackeray Bed/ord- 
Row Consp. i, She’s a deuced fine woman! 1866 A. T’rot- 
Lore Claverings xi, ‘Upon my word she’s a doosed good- 
looking little thing’, said Archie. 188r Lapy Hersert 
Edith 245 She's so deuced obstinate. 

Deucedly (diz'sédli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a deuced manner ; plaguily, confoundedly; ex- 
cessively. 

1819 The Provincials 1. 17 Deucedly lucky. 1844 THack- 
ERAY Little Travels i, Why people .. should get up so 
deucedly early, 1884 E. L. Bynnerin Harfer's Mag. Aug. 
467/x Bile does upset a man deucedly, : 

+Deu-ding. Os. One of the appellations 
anciently given to the hare. 

1325 Names of Hare in Rel. Ant. I. 133 On oreisoun In 
the worshipe of the hare. . The deudinge, the deu-hoppere. 

Deue, obs. form of Dear (pl.), DEAVE.: 

Deuedep, var. of Divepar, Ods. 

Deuel, obs. form of Devin. 

Deuel, deul, -e, obs. var. (assimilated to later 
Fr.) of dle, DOLE, Doot, grief, mourning. 

Deuers, obs. form of Divers, DiveRsE. 

Deuice, deuis(s, obs. ff. DevicE, DEVISE. 

Deuin(e, obs. form of Diving, 

Deuis, obs. form of Deuce 1. 

+ Deuit, pa. pple. Sc. Obs. 
-ED.] Owed, due. 

1587 Hoiinsuep Chron. II. Hist. Scot. 296/2 For deuit 
& postponit justice to our lieges. 

Deuitie, Deulie, obs. forms of Dury, Duty. 

Deure, obs. form of Dear a.1, DEER. 

+Deus. Ods. Also 5 dewes. [OF. deus, nom. 
of deu God, in common use as an exclamation: cf. 
Chanson de Roland xxv, ‘Dient Franceis: Deus! 
que pourrat-ce estre?’ (Littré) ; Horne and Rimenh, 
2848 ‘Ohi! deus’.] 

The French interjectional deus !, ohi ! deus, God |, 
ah God! occasionally retained in translation, or 
ascribed to foreigners, fiends, etc., but not appa- 
rently in native English use. 


[f. dew, Dux + -2¢, 


DEUTEROCANONICAL. 


¢ 1300 Havelok 1930, and 2096‘ Deus !’ quoth ubbe, ‘ hwat 
may pis be!’ Jéid. 1312, 1650, 2114. ¢1330 R. BruNNE 
Chron. (1810) 254 Philip seysed Burdews, borgh Sir Edward 
scrite, be tober, as so say deus! 3ald bam also tite. ¢1440 
York Alyst, i. 92 Owe ! dewes ! all goes downe ! 

Deus(e, obs. forms of DEvcE. 

+ Deusan, deuzan. O/s. Also dewsant, 
dewzin, deux ans. [for F. deux ans two years.] 
A kind of apple said to keep two years; = APPLE- 
Joun. 

1570 in Gutch Coé?. Cur. II. 8 For xx Dewsants. .viijd. 
For xij Pippines..xij@. 1609 N. F. Frutterers’ Secr. 24 
Especially Pippins, John Apples, or as some call them 
Dewzins, 1620 VENNER Via Recta vii. 109 Such are our 
Queene-apples .. and next our Rosiars, Pear-maines and 
Pippins, Deusans, &c. 1635 QuaRLes Edd. v. Tis not 
the lasting deuzan I require, Nor yet the red-cheek’d queen- 
ing. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. iii. 377 Apples [June], 
Oaken Pin, Deux Ans or John Apple. 

Deusing: see Doustna, divining. 

Deuteragonist (ditére-gonist). [ad. Gr. 
devTepaywviorns one who plays the second part in 
a drama, f. devrepo-s DEUTERO- second + dywmorns 
combatant, actor.] The second actor or person 
in a drama: distinguished from the protagonist. 

1855 Lewes Goethe I. 1. viii. 290 In the first scene [of the 
Prometheus] the protagonist would take Power and the 
deuteragonist Vulcan. 1893 ZimmeRN /lome Life Anc. 
Greeks xii. 422 The next [part] in importance—viz. the one 
which was brought into the closest connection with the chief 
person, fell to the deuteragonist. 

+ Dewteral, a. Obs. rare. [f. Gr. devrep-os 
second + -AL.] Of or pertaining to the second ; 
second-class. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Denuteral, pertaining to a weak or 
second sort of Wine, or to the second of any kind. Dr. Br. 

Deu'tero-, before a vowel deuter-, a. Gr. 
devtepo- combining form of devrepos second, as in 
Sevrep-aywviorns one who plays second, devrepo- 
vdmov second law. Hence in Eng. in DEvTER- 
AGONIST, DeureRONoMY, and several words of 
modern formation, as DEUTEROCANONICAL, etc. 
Also Deu'terocol sonce-wd. [after protocol), a 
second dispatch. Deu‘terodome (Crystallogr.), 
a secondary dome. Deuteroge'nie a. [Gr. yévos 
race], of secondary origin: in Geol. applied to the 
rocks of secondary formation derived from the 
primary or protogenic rocks. Deutero-Isaiah, a 
second or later Isaiah; a later writer to whom c. 
xl-Ixvi of the book of Isaiah are by some critics 
attributed. Deuterome'sal a. “ntom. (Gr. péoos 
middle}, applied to certain cells in the wings of 
hymenopterous insects, now usually called the first 
and third discoidal and first apical cells. Deutero- 
Nicene a., belonging to the second Nicene council. 
Deutero-Pauline, of or pertaining to a second or 
later Paul, or later writer assuming the character 
of St. Paul. Deutero'stoma J7o/. (Gr. ordpa 
mouth], a secondary blastopore; hence Deutero- 
sto'matous a., characterized by having a secondary 
instead of a primary blastopore. Deuterosys- 
tematic @., belonging to a secondary system. 
Deuterozo‘oid (A7o/.),a secondary zooid, produced 
by gemmation from a zooid. 

1858 Hoce Life Shelley 1. 477 Diplomatic notes with- 
out stint; protocols, deuterocols, and chiliostocols. 1878 
Gurney Crystallog. 52 The latter [dome is] known as the 
deuterodome. 1844 Moses Stuart O. 7. Canon iv. (1849) 
1oz Did we know that such a person lived and wrote, we 
might call him Deutero-Isaiah. 1891 Driver /ntrod. Lit. 
O. Test. (ed. 2) 210 There are features in which it is in ad- 
vance not merely of Isaiah, but even of Deutero-Isaiah. 
1859 Lit. Churchman 43/1 The Deutero-Nicene defence of 
images. 1885 tr. Pfleiderer’s fe hanee Paul Chr, vi. 256 
The authors of the Deutero-Pauline and the Ignatian 
Epistles. 1877 Huxtty Anat. Jnv. Anim. xii. 684 The re- 
sulting organism would be a deuterostomatous gastrula. 
1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. 126 A sexual protozooid 
has been observed to give origin by gemmation to a sexual 
deuterozooid, 

Deuterocanonical (di#térokangnikal), a. 
[f mod.L. deutero-canonicus (used by Sixtus 
Senensis 1566: see quot.); see DEUTERO- and 
Canon, CANonIcaL.] 

Of, pertaining to, or constituting a second or 
secondary canon: opposed to protocanonical. 

Applied historically to those books of the Scripture Canon 
as defined by the Council of Trent which are regarded by 
Roman Catholic divines as constituting a second Canon, 
accepted later than the first, but now of equal authority. 

In the Old Testament they include Esther and most of the 
‘Apocrypha’ of English Bibles; in the New Testament 
the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James, 2nd of 
Peter, 2nd and ard of John, Jude, and the Revelation, and 
certain verses of Mark, Luke, and John. 

[1566 A. F. Sixtus Senensis Bidd, Sanctat, § 1 (1575) 
314 Canonici secundi ordinis (qui olim Ecclesiastici, voca- 
bantur, nunc a nobis Deutero-canonici dicuntur) illi sunt, 
de quibus, quia non statim sub ipsis Apostolorum tem- 
poribus, sed longe post ad notitiam totius Ecclesiz per- 
uenerunt, inter Catholicos fuit aliquando sententia anceps. ] 
1684 N. S. Crit. Eng. Edit. Bible App.: 263 In the 
other Classis he places those which he calls Deutero 
Gc ical, or C ical of the d Order. 1727-5 
Cuampers Cyc. s.v., The denterocanonical books are, with 
them [Roman Catholics] as las the prot | 


DEUTEROGAMIST. 


1859 F. Hatt Vdsavadattd 11 Among orthodox records, 
the deutero-canonical Revdmdhdimya .. consents to this 
aberration. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel vi. 295 This describes 
a portion of the deuterocanonical books of the Old Testa- 
ment; books held in estimation among the Jews as well as 
by Christians, but not received bythe Jews into their Canon. 
1882 Farrar Larly Chr. I. 99 The holic Epistles . . re- 
garded..as being at best deutero-canonical—authentic (if at 
all) in a lower sense, and endowed with inferior authority. 
1893 F. X. Rercuart Convert's Catech. iii. 12 This list in- 
cludes the so-called deutero-canonical beoks of both Tes- 
taments .. Deutero-canonical does not mean Afocryphal 
but simply ‘ later added to the Canon’. 


Deuterogamist (divtérp'gimist). [f. next + 
meat | One who marries a second time, or who 
upholds second marriages. 

1766 Go.psm. Vic. W. xviii, He had published for me 

gainst the Deuterogamists of the age. 

Deuterogamy (di#téry-gami). [ad. Gr. dev- 
T€poyapiasecond marriage, n. of state f. deurepoyapos 
marrying a second time, f. DEUTERO- + yayos mar- 
riage.] Marriage a second time; marriage after 
the death of a first husband or wife. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Deuterogamy, second marriage, or 


a repetition of it. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. 


. xiv, That un- 
fortunate divine who has so long .. fought against the 
deuterogamy of the age. 1869 Echo 7 Sept. 6/1 We do not 
allow deuterogamy until the primal spouse is disposed of 


by death or divorce. 

Deuteronomic (di#térong'mik), a. [f. Dev- 
TERONOMY (or its Gr. elements) +-1c.] Of or per- 
taining to, or possessing the literary or theological 
character of, the book of Deuteronomy. 


1857 J. W. DonaLvson Chr. Orthodoxy 202 The Deutero- 
nomic view of the matter was the only tradition .. at that 
time, recognised as Mosaic and divine. 1867 Martineau tr. 
Ewald’s [srael 1. 162 Sins against Jahveh, repentance, and 


amendment, are the three pivots on which the Deutero- | 


nomic scheme turns. 1882 Seetey Nat. Relig. 133 We have 
even framed for ourselves a sort of Deuteronomic religion 
which is a great comfort to us. 1891 Driver /atrod. Lit. 
O. Test. (ed. 2) 180 Deuteronomic phraseology. 


Deuterono'mical, a. [f. as prec. + -AL.] 
= prec. ; 

1533 More Let. to 7. Cromwell Wks. 1425/1 Concerning 
the woordes in the law leuitycall and the lawe deutronomi- 
call. 1681 H. More in Glanvill’s Sadducismus 1. Poster. 
(1726) 20 This Deuteronomical List of abominable Names. 
a Muvart in 19fh Cent. July 39 This is the second code, 

nd is called the Deuteronomical Code, because it makes 
up the bulk of the book of Deuteronomy. 

Deutero‘nomist. [f.as prec. + -1s7.] The 
writer of the book of Deuteronomy, or of the parts 
of that book which do not consist of earlier docu- 
ments. 

1862 S. Davipson /utrod. to O. Test. 1. 370 The Deutero- 
nomist's style is diffuse, and his language untike that of the 
other writings traditionally ascribed to the same individual. 
1 Martineau tr. Evwald's Israel 1.117 The work of an 
author whom we may briefly call ‘the Deuteronomist’. 
1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. W1. 1792 The final 
compiler is not to be identified with the Deuteronomist. 


1888 CHEYNE Jeremiah 70 The Deuteronomist (if we may so | 


for convenience term the author, or joint-authors, of the 
original Deuteronomy). 

Hence Deuteronomi'stic a., of the nature or 
style of the writer of Deuteronomy. 

1862 S. Davipson /ntrod. to O. Test. 1. 363 Let us now 
compare the Deuteronomistic with the Jehovistic legisla- 
tion. 1881 Ropertson Smitu O. 7. in Pewish Ch. (1892) 
425 Judges, Samuel, and Kings, in the Deuteronomistic 
redaction, 1888 Cueyne Yeremiah 71 A Deuteronomistic 
writer composed Deut. i-iv. 40 as a link between his own 
and the earlier work. 


Deuteronomy (dimtérg:ndmi, did téronpmi). 
Also 4-5 Deutronomye, -ie, 6 Deutronome. 
~ eccl. L. Deuteronomium, a. Gr. Aevrepovdmor, 
. Bevrepos second + vdpos law, etc.: in 13th c. 
OF. deutri , F. deutér 


The name is taken from the words of the LXX in Deut. 
xvii. 18 7 dSevrepovom.oy tovro, a mistranslation of the 


Heb. Ny ming nv mishnih hattirah haszbth 


‘a copy or duplicate of this law’, for which the Vulgate has 
Deuteronomium legis hujus.) 

The name or title of the fifth book of the Penta- 
teuch,-which contains a repetition, with parenetic 
comments, of the Decalogue, and most of the laws 
contained in Exodus xxi-xxiii, and xxxiy. 

1388 Wyciir Prol. to Deut., In this book of Deutronomye 
ben contened the wordis which Moises spak to al Israel. 
Rubric. Here begynneth the bok of Deutronomie. 1549 
Compl. Scott. (1872) 24 It is vrityne in the xxviii. of deutro- 
nome, thir vordis. 1609 Biste (Douay) Deut. xvii. 18 He 
shal copie to him selfe the Deuteronomie of this Law in a 
volume. 1649 Ronerts Clavis Bibl. 63 Deuteronomie .. 
Thus denominated by the Greek, because this book con- 
taineth a Repetition of Gods Law given by Moses to Israel. 
©1878 Helps to Study of Bible 17 Deuteronomy consists 
mainly of three addresses by Moses to the people who had 
been born in the wilderness, and had not hi the original 
promulgation of the Law. 1891 Driver /ntrod. Lit. O. 
Test, (ed, 2) 85 Deuteronomy may_be described as the _ 
phetic re-formulation, and ad jon to new needs, of an 
older legislation. 

b. transf. 

1827 Souruey in Q. Rev, XXXVI. 306 A fourth volume, 
containing her latter writings and certain new develope- 
ments .. being the papers M. Genet speaks of as 
a kind of Deuteronomy. 


Pv 


278 


Deuteropathy (divtérp:papi). [f Devrero- 
+ Gr, -1d0ea suffering: cf. -paTuy.] 

1. a A being affected at second hand. Odés. 

1647 H. More of Soul Notes 161/1 Deuteropathie, 
sementens, is .! ing aes at second rebound, - 

may so say. e see sunne not so proper! 

sy’ pathi as d pathie.  Jéid. 16 Bg eam 
struck aloof of, I am sensible also of that but by circulation 
or propagation of that impression into my eare; and this is 
Deuteropathy, 1650 CHarLetron Par 
also cannot but submit to compassion and deuteropathy: 


or consequent upon another, that is, ‘where the 
second part suffers from the influence of the part 
originally affected’. Syd. Soc. Lex. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 248 Whether or no there be 
a Deuteropathy or consent of the head with the so 
wounded. [1657 G. Starkey //elmont’s Vind. 128 The Gout 
properly .. is an Arthritical pain affecting the joynts im- 
mediately, and some nerves sometimes by a Deuteropatheia. } 
ay W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 88 Either by a deutero- 
pathy. .or by an idiopathy. E 

Hence Deuteropa'thic a., of or pertaining to 
deuteropathy. 

Deuteroscopy (divtérp'skdpi). [f. Deurero- 
+ Gr. -oxonia, xoma look-out, watch, view.] 

+1. The second view; that which is seen upon 
a second view ; an ulterior meaning. Oés. 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ef... iii. 9 Not attaining the 
deuteroscopy and second intention of the words. 1650 
Cuarteton Paradoxes 49 Truth itself interprets this. .text 
literally, and without enfolding any mystery or deuteroscopy. 
1656 BLount Glossogr., Deuteroscopy, the second end, aim, 
or intention, a second consideration or thought. 

2. ‘Second sight’ ; clairvoyance. rare. 

1822 Scott Nige/ Introd. Ep., ‘The Highland seers, whom 
their gift of deuteroscopy compels to witness things unmeet 
for mortal eye. 

Hence Deuterosco'pic a., of or pertaining to 
second sight. ; 

1841 Fraser's Mag. XXV. 270 The deuteroscopic, or 
thanatomantic faculty. 

+ Deuterosy. Obs. rare. [ad. Gr. devrépwors 
repetition, iteration, a name of the Jewish tradi- 
tions, The Gr. form also occurs.] A ‘ tradition 
of the elders’ among the Jews. 

a1641 Br. R. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 477 Those 
Deuterosies, those Traditions of the Elders, and Additions 
to the Law. 1650 J. Trarp Clavis Bible iii. 83 ‘The lews 
have added their Deuteroseis. 

Deutery, obs. var. of DEwrry Datura. 

Deuto-, before a vowel deut-, a shortened form 
of DEuTERO-, used 

1. In Chemistry to distinguish the second in 
order of the terms of any series. Thus Deut- 
oxide, the second of the scries of oxides of 
a metal, etc., that which comes next to the frof- 
oxide, containing the next smallest quantity of 
oxygen. So deut-iodide, deuto-bromide, deuto-car- 
bonate, deuto-chloride, deuto-sulphide, etc. ‘The 
prefix has sometimes been improperly used to in- 
dicate the constitution of a compound, as compared 
with that of the Arofo- or mono- compound of the 
same series; but it is now obsolescent, being 
usually replaced by such prefixes as sesyut-, di-, 
iri-, etc., which properly indicate the constitution. 

1810 Henry lem, Chem. (1826) 1, 263 Deutoxide or 
Peroxide of Hydrogen. /éid. 310 This gas .. examined by 
Dr. Priestly, and called by him x#frous air, a term after- 
wards changed to nitrous gas, then to nitric oxide, and 
more lately to deutpxide of azote, or dentoxide of nitrogen, 
which last appears to be its most appropriate title, 1822 
Imtson Sc. & Art II. 20 The smallest quantity of oxygen 
forms the protoxide of the metal, the second quantity of 
oxygen mates the deutoxide. 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's 
Circ. Sc. Chem. 489 Binoxide, sometimes called dentoxide 
of copper (Cu Og). 1857 Buttock Caseaux’ Midwif. 7 
Precipitated by the deuto-chloride of mercury. 1864 H. 
Spencer /dlust. Univ. Progr. 40 Later in the Earth's 
history, are the deutoxides, tritoxides, etc. 1864 — Biol. 
I. 6 Deutoxide of nitrogen is a gas hitherto uncordensed. 

2. In many terms of Ziology; as Deutence’- 
phalon [Gr. éyxépados — the second of the 
three primary cerebral vesicles of the embryo. 
Hence Deutencepha'lic a. || Deutoma‘la L. 
mala jaw), the second pair of jaws of the Myriapoda; 
hence Deutoma‘lar a. Deuto'merite | Gr. u<pos 
part], the second or posterior cell of a dicystid gre- 
garine, as distinguished from the smaller anterior 
cell or frotomerite. Dewtoplasm [Gr. mAdoya any- 
thing formed }, term applied by Reichert to the food- 
yolk of the mero-blastic egg, e.g. the yellow yolk 
of a bird’s egg; also, the special form of protoplasm 
which composes the ules seen in the centre of 
the protamoeba (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence Deuto- 
pla‘smic, -pla‘stic a., of, pertaining to, or of the 
nature of deutoplasm; Deu:toplasmi‘genous a., 
producing deutoplasm; Deutoplasmogen, that 
which forms or is converted into deutoplasm. 
Deutoscle'rous a. [oxAnpds hard), in deutosclerous 
tissue, Laurent’s term for osseous tissue. Deuto- 
sco'lex — worm], a secondary scolex, or 
daughter-cyst of a scolex or cystic worm ; the cysti- 


ye gi Se a, eS 


DEVALL. 


cercus of the 7eniz. Deutote'rgite [L. fergum 
back], the second dorsal segment of the abdomen 
of insects. Dento'vum [L. ] pl. -ova, a 
secondary egg-cell, as contrasted with the protovum 
or normal and usual egg-cell ; also called metovum, 
and after-egg. 

1881 Mivart Cat 358 The fore-brain, called also the 
d hal Ss ick tr, Claus’ Zool. 1. 111 The 


‘ contents of every egg consist..(1) Of a viscous albuminous 
my 


protoplasm ; and (2) of a fatty granular matter, the deuto- 
pices or food yolk. 1886 Jone R. Microsc. Soc. Apr. 2: 
n the young unfertilized ova a small ‘ “ 
larger ‘deutoplasmic’ portion are readily distinguished. 
1881 Smithsonian Report 425 The development alike of ex- 
cretory and deutoplasmi functions, at certain times of 
the year, of the genital glands. E. R. Lankester 
Adv, Science (1890) 265 The others disappear as deutoplas- 
en or vitellogenous cells. 1877 Huxtey Amat. Juv. 
Anim. vii. 383 The proper vitelline mem bursts into 
two halves..and the deutovum emerges. 1881 Atheneum 
31 Dec. 904/2 The occurrence of a deutovum stage in the 


“e is led. 

. In some other words; as Deutosystema‘tic 
a., of or pertaining to a secondary system ; DevTERO- 
SYSTEMATIC, 

1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 72 The deutosystematic 
which bisect the angles Saeed the inrethereeanat! p 

Deutoxide: see Devro- 1. 

Deutro, deutroa: see Dewrry. 

|| Deutzia (di7tsia, doi'tsia), Bot. [mod. Bot. 
L.; named in 1781 after J. Deutz of Amsterdam.] 
A genus of shrubs (N.O. Saxi/ragacex), natives of 
China and Japan, cultivated for the beauty of their 
white flowers. ). gracilis is a well-known spring 
flowerer. 

Penny Cycl. VII. 444/2 Deutzia .. inhabiting the 
north of India, China, and [ee 1880 Miss Birp Japan 
I. 5 Deutzias with their graceful flowers, 1882 Garden 
Ir Beb. 104/2 Where Deutzias are forced there will be a fine 
crop of young shoots. 

ux, deux ans: «ee Deuce !, Deusan. 

|| Deux-temps (dé,tan). [F.; in full, valse a 
deux temps \it. two-time waltz’.] A kind of waltz, 
more rapid than the ordinary or trois-temps waltz, 
the step consisting of two movements, a g/issade 
and a chassé, 

1860 A // Year Round No. 74. 568 O golden-haired, but yet 
hungry heroine of a thousand deux-temps ! 1862 CaLVERLEY 
Verses & 7'r. 17 But oh! in the deuxtemps peerless, Fleet of 
foot, and soft of eye! 

Deuyce, deuys(e, obs. ff. Device, Devise. 

Deuzan, var. Devsan, Ods., a kind of apple. 

Dev, variant of Div, a demon or evil spirit in 
Persian mythology. 

|| Deva (dé'-va). [Skr. déva a god, orig. ‘a bright 
or shining one’ from. *dv- to shine.] A god, a di- 
vinity; one of the good spirits of Hindu mythology. 

1819 T. Hore Anast. (1820) IIL. x. 251 (Stanf.) A palace, 
a mosque, and a bath, whose architecture, achieved as if 
magic, seemed worthy of the Devas. Rs pe II. viii 
157 (t6id.) By the Deva, who is enshrii in this temple ! 
1878 Max Mi.ver Orig. Relig. (1891) 280 When the poets 
of the Veda address the mountains to protect them, when 
they implore the rivers to yield them water, ay Be 
_ of rivers and mountains as devas, but even then, 

va would be more than bright, it would as yet be very 
from anything we mean by divine. 1879 E. Arnoip Li. 
Asia 1. 2 The Devas knew the signs, and said, ‘ Buddha will 

o again to help the World’. 1888 Getpner in Zmeycl. 
Brit XXIV. 821 In the older Rig-Veda..a god is en 
of as déva, but not every is an asura... Asura is 
ethically the hi conception, deva the lower: deva is the 
vulgar notion of God, asura is ic. 

attrib, and Comb, 1878 Have Keligion of Parsis (ed. 2) 
287 A vital struggle between the professors of the Deva and 
those of _ — religion. J The Deva-worshippers 

+ y the Z 4 


r 
Devalgate (divelgét), a. rare-°. [ad. mod. 
L. d&valgitus, f. valgus bow-] | 
1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex, having bowed 
legs ; bandy-legged ; devalgate. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 
Devall (divj'l),v. Now only Sc. Forms: 5-6 


deuale, 6 deuaill, dewall, 7-9 devall, 9 deval, 


devaul, devawl. [a. F. ler, OF, devaler to 
d d=Pr.devalar, davalar, \t. divallare:—Rom. 


*devallare, f. L. Dg- 1. 1 down + vaillis valley: cf. 
AvaLE v.] Hence Devalling vé/. sb. and pf/. a. 
+1. intr. To move downwards, sink, fall, de- 
scend, set (as the sun). Ods. 

©1477 Caxton Yason 25 b, The sonne to deuale in to 
the Weste, 1481 — A/yrr.u. ix, 88 He. .deualeth down into 
the water, gor Dovotas Pad. Hon. 1. vi, Thy transitorie 
plesince quhat auaillis? Now thair, now heir, now hi 
now deuaillis. 1597 Montcomerie Cherrie % Slae 83, 1 saw 
an river rin. . Dewalling and falling Into that pit, profound. 


1632 Litucow 7'rav. 1x. ., The combustious deval- 
ling of Aitnaes fire. Jdid. x. floods. 
+ b. To lower the , Stoop. Obs. 


1513 Douctas 4neis x. vii. 58 As onwar he stowpyt, and 


devalyt. ‘ 
+e. To ios downwards : as a line or surface. 
Litucow 7vav. v. 210 This Petrean Countrey..de- 

valling even downe to the limits of Jacob's bridge. | /did. 


. 365 The ..devalling faces of two hills. 1645 Siege of 
Wewcaatle (tbs0 14 Aatiabes ef uarcow davilling iets. 
+2. trans. To lower. Obs. 


DEVANAGARI. 


3. intr. To cease, stop, leave off. mod. Sc. 

«1774 FerGusson Poems (1789) II. 99 (Jam.) Devall then, 
Sirs, and never send For daintiths to regale a friend. 
Gar Sir A, Wylie Il. x. 92 She ne’er devauls jeering me. 
1827 Scott Let. 26 Apr. in Lockhart, I have not till to-day 
devauled from my task, 1891 H. HaLtipurton Ochil Jdylls 
20 Sair dings the rain upon the road, It dings,—an nae 
devallin’ o’t, Spo . 

Hence Devall sd. Sc., ‘a stop, cessation, inter- 
mission’ (Jamieson). 

1802 S1BBALD Gloss., Without devald, without ceasing. 

i] gen (dé:va\na-garz),a.and sb. [Skr., 
Hindi, Marathi dévandgari (in Bengali devanagar), 
a compound app. of Skr. déva god+ Nagari an 
earlier or a more generic appellation of the same 
alphabet ; lit. ‘ Nagari (? town-script) of the gods’. 

Nagari is app. the fem. adj. meaning ‘ of the city or town, 
urban, urbane, refined’ (sc. 7/6 writing, script), f. Skr. 
nagara city. Its application to a particular written char- 
acter can i traced back to the rth c., when Albiriini 
mentions an alphabet called Niagara, and of a derivative 
from it called Ardha-ndgari, i.e, ‘half-Nagari’. The 
actual origin and history of the compound Déva-négari 
has not been ascertained, any more than that of Nandz- 
négari, applied to the South-Indian form of the Nagari. 
It been noted that the terms déva-/ifi ‘writing of the 

ods’, and méga-lipi ‘writing of the serpents’, occur sid 
side in a list of 64 kinds of writing enumerated in the 

Buddhistic Lalitavistara of the 7th c.; but whether these 
terms have any connexion with déva-ndgari is unknown. 
The 18th c. European scholars who adopted the word, have 
variant forms from Bengali or other Indian vernaculars. ] 

The distinctive name of the formal alphabet in 
which, throughout northern, western and central 

_ India, Cashmere, and Nepal, the Sanskrit fas, for 
some centuries, been written, as are also the verna- 
cular languages of those regions. Also called 
simply Vagari, though the latter is often used in 
a wider sense, to embrace various local forms taken 
by the same original alphabet. Used both as aaj. 
and absolutely as 5d. 

1781 Sir C. Witkins in Asiatic Res. (2709) I, 294 It differs 
but little from the Dewnagur. 1784 W. Cuamsers /bid. 
I, 152 It resembles neither the Devya-ndgre nor any of the 
various characters connected with. .it. 1785 Sir C. Witkins 
(bid, 1. 279 In the modern Déwnagiar character. 1786 Sir 
W. Jones /éid. 1. 423 The polished and elegant Dévanagari, 
1789 /bid. I. 13 We may apply our present alphabet so.. 
as to equal the Dévandagari itself in precision and clearness. 
x80r CoLEBRooKE /éid, eee VII. 224 foot-note, Pracrit 
and Hindi books are commonly written in the Dévanagari. 
1820 W. Yates Gram. Skr. Lang. vii, The character in which 
Sunscrit works are ate" f printed is called Daivii-nagiiree. 
1845 Srocqueter Handbk. Brit, India (1854) 55 The trans- 
lation to be written .. both in Persian and Deva Nagree. 
1876 7%mes 15 May (Stanf.), His alphabet was founded on 
the Devanagari, which he accommodated to the needs of the 
Tibetan tongue, 1879 BuRNELL S. /ndian Palwog. (ed. 2) 52 
The South-Indian form of the Nagari character .. the Nan- 
dinagart is directly derived from the N. Indian Devanagari 
of about the eleventh century. 1886 EGcELinG in Excye. 
Brit, XX1. 272/2 The character .. is the so-called Devana- 
gart, or nagari (‘ town-script ’) of the gods. 

Devance (diva'ns), v. [a. F. devancer to arrive 
before, precede, outstrip, f. devant before, on the 
model of avancer (ADVANCE). Became obs. early 
in 17thc., but has been again used by some in the 
1gth c.] ¢vans. To anticipate forestall; to Bet 
ahead of; to outstrip. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. viii. 72 Olyuer whyche sawe the 
stroke comyng deuaunced hym in such wyse that he gaf 
two euyl strokes to Fyerabras, 1598 Barckuey Felic. Man 
v. (1603) 489 In his owne conceit he lacketh so much as he 
seeth himselfe devaunced by another that hath more. 1615 
Trade's Incr. in Hart. Misc.(Malh.) 111.293 Our neighbours 
[the Dutch]. .have devanced us so far in shipping. 1863 R. F. 
Burton Adeokuta II. 72 So far from ‘caving in’, he de- 
vanced me on one occasion, 1864 — Dahome Pref. 9 Com- 
modore Wilmot, pcan g copon 4% Capt. Luce..de- 
vanced me, 1880 Ginevra 86 My wish devanced the hour. 

“| Catachrestic uses. 

1646 J. Hatt Hore Vac. 123 Tis hard to keepe these two 
equally ballanc’t, especially those that devance. 1653 — 
Paradoxes 108 Some Crazy Phylosophers..have endea- 
voured to devance them [women] from the same Species, 
with men, 

+ Deva'nt, devau'nt, adv. and sb. Obs. [a. 
F. devant prep. and adv., before, in front, = Pr. 
A, ; FP x Cak J, t, ey t, Tt. A, tt, iz 
L, dé prep., from, of + late L. abante before: see 
Avaunt adv.] 

A. adv. Before, in front. 

1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcell. xxv. vi. 270 His beard.. 

was shagged and rough, with a sharpe peake devant, 
B. sd. Front; e.g. of the body or dress. 

ane E. E. Witlis (1882) 19 A boorde clobe with .ij. towelles 
of deuaunt of 00 sute. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, 
Come, sir, perfume my devant. 

Devant, v. Ods.: see DEVAUNT, 

+ Deva‘porate, v. Obs. [f.Dr-II.1 +L. vapor- 
em vapour, after EvapoRATE.] a. ¢vans. To bring 
out of the state of vapour; to condense. b. dntr, 
To become condensed; or deprived of vapour. 
Hence + Devapora‘tion. 

1787 E. Darwin in Phil. Trans, LX XVIII. 49 The priva- 
tion of heat may be esteemed the —— cause of devapora- 
tion, /édid. 50 The deduction of a small quantity of heat 
from a cloud or province of vapour .. will devaporate the 
whole. /éid. 52 The air. .by its expansion produces cold and 
devaporates. 1789 dun. Keg, 127 The vapour, .is brought 


279 


to the summit of mountains by the atmosphere, and being 
there devaporated slides down between the strata. 
Deva'st, v. Now vare. [a. F. dévaster (1499 
in Hatzf.-Darm.), ad. L. dévastdre to lay waste, 
f. Dr- I. 1,3 + vastare to lay waste, vastus waste. 
Frequent in 17th c.; not recognized by Johnson, 
and said by Todd to be ‘not now in use’; but 
occurring in end of 19th c.]_ ¢rans, To lay waste, 


DEVASTATE. 

1537 St. Papers Hen. VITT, 1. 553 The yere soo ferre 
spent, and the countrey soo devasted. 1613 Heywoop Silver 
Age i. i, An uncouth, savage boar Devasts the fertile 
plains of Thessaly. @1751 BotincBroke Study of Hist. vi, 
‘The thirty years war that devasted Germany. 1887 Voice 
(N. Y.) 13 Jan. 5 A statute..which, in prohibiting an in- 
jurious business, devasts property previously existing. 1890 
W. F. Rat Maygrove III. vii. 254 The mountain slopes 
have been devasted by lava. 

absol. 1652 GauLtE Magastrom. 6 To devast according 
to the predictions of vain humane art. 

+b. To waste (time, etc.). Obs. rave. 

1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1. 44 After my returne from Padua to 
Venice and 24 days attendance devasted there for passage. 

Hence Deva‘sted, Deva‘sting ///. ads. 

1632 Litucow 7rav. v. 214 Time..running all things to 
devasted desolation. 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 39 
Love prudent Laws; devasting Arms neglect. 1789 [see 
Devaster]. 

Devastate (de'vaste't), v.  [f. L. dévastat- ppl. 
stem of dévastare (see DEvast). Used by Sir T. 
Herbert and in Bailey 1727, but not recognized by 
Johnson 1755, and app. not in common use till the 
1gthe.] trans. To lay waste, ravage, waste, render 
desolate. 

1638 Sir T. Hersert 7 vrav. (ed. 2) 77 Jangheer..subjects 
Berar, and devastates the Decan Empire unto Kerky. 
1727 Baitey vol. II, Yo Devastate, to lay waste, to spoil. 
{Omitted in ed. 2, 1731, and not in Folio 1730.] 1818 
Topp s.v. Devast, Not now in use. But devastate supplies 
its place. 1842 Macautay Fredk. Gt. Ess. (1854) 683/2 
A succession of cruel wars had devastated Europe. 1847 
Emerson Poems, Blight Wks.(Bohn) I. 483 We invade them 
impiously for gain; We devastate them unreligiously. 1874 
Green Short Hist. v. § 4. 241 [Black Death] devastating 
Europe from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Baltic. 

1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v.i. § 2. 293 Kant come 

letely devastates the cobwebs and sophistries. 1864 Loncr. 

a Life (1891) III. 3x Went to town, which devastated the 
lay. 

Hence De-vastated, De*vastating f//. adjs. 

1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. 81 Those devastating and. 
mercilesse Infidels. 1813 SHELLEY Queen Maé ww, 112 The 
bloodiest scourge Of devastated earth. 1815 — A dastor 613 
Thou, colossal Skeleton, that .. In thy devastating omnipo- 
tence Art king of this frail world, a@1859 Macautay Hist. 
Eng. V.105 An exhausting and devastating struggle of nine 
years. . A 

Devastation (devastéi:fon). [prob. a. F. dé- 
vastation, n. of action f. dévaster, and L. dévastare, 
used in 1502, but not in Cotgr. 1611 ; Florio, 1599 
and 1611, has It. devastatione, ‘ a wasting, spoiling, 
desolation, or destruction’.] The action of de- 
vastating, or condition of being devastated ; laying 
waste ; wide-spread destruction ; ravages. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1190 The ruine and devas- 
tiation [sic] of so many .. great cities. 1677 Hate Prim. 
Orig. Man. 1. ix. 213 The great Devastations made by the 
Plague..in Forein Parts. 1770 Gotpsm. Des. Vill. 395 
E’en now the devastation is begun And half the business of 
destruction done. 1794 Mrs. Rapciirre Myst. Udolpho xv, 
Over the beautiful plains of this country the devastations of 
war were frequently visible. 1809-10 CoLerIDGE Friend 
(1865) 72 Devastation is incomparably an easier work than 
production. gi Hoxtey Physiogr. 188 The terrible devas- 
tation wrought by the great tidal wave which followed the 

quake at Lima. 
b. Law, (See quot. 1848.) 

1670 Brount Law Dict. s.v. Devastaverunt, The orderly 
payment of Debts and Legacies by Executors, so as to 
escape a Devastation, or charging their own Goods. 1848 
Wuarton Law Lex., Devastavit, a devastation or waste of 
the property of a deceased person by an executor or adminis- 
trator being extravagant or misapplying the assets. 

Devastative (de-visteitiv), a. [f. L. dévastat- 
ppl. stem (see above) +-IvE.] Having the quality 
of devastating ; wasting, ravaging. 

1802 Triads of Bardism in Southey Madoc 1. § 2 (note) 
To collect power towards subduing the adverse, and the 
devastative. 1839 CartyLe Chartism v. (1858) 24 Devas- 
tative, like the whirlwind. 1884 J. G. Pyte in Harfer’s 
Mag. Sept. 619/2 The devastative power of floods. 

Devastator (devisteltor). [a. late L. dé- 
vastator (Cassiodorus), agent-n. from dévastare to 
devastate.] He who or that which devastates ; 
a waster, ravager. 

1818 E. Buaguiere tr. Pananti’s Algiers vi. 136 All is to 
no purpose with these devastators. 1829 LaNpor /mag. 
Conv. (1846) II. 6/1 This devastator of vines and olives. 1855 
Macautay Hist. Eng. Ill. 437 He marched the 


| 
| 
| 


DEVELOP. 


come, etc.]_ 1651 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 176 
The Sheriffe shall be solizited for a Devastavit. 1729 GiLEs 
Jacos Law Dict. s.v.. His Executor or Administrator is 
made liable to a devastavit, by Stat. 4& 5 W. & M.c. 24. 
1817 W. Setwyn Law Wisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 743 A writ of 
Ji. fa. having been sued out on the judgment, to which the 
sheriff had returned a devastavit. 

b. The offence of such waste or misapplication. 

1729 Gites Jacos Law Dict. s. v., Where an executor, &c. 
payeth legacies before debts, and hath not sufficient to pay 
both, ’tis a devastavit. Also where an Executor sells the 
Testator’s Goods at an Underyalue, it isa Devastavit. 1893 
Romer in Law Times XCV. 54/2 The rule that an executor 
who pays a statute-barred debt is not thereby committing 
a devastavit. 

Deva'ster. rare. [f. Devastr v. + -ER1.] =De- 
VASTATOR, 

1789 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1. 127 In eight hours no 
trace was left either of the devasters or devasted. 

[Devastion, Devastitation, Devastor, 
errors for DEVASTATION, DEVASTATOR, in some 
editions and Dicts.] : 

+ Devau'nt, v. Ods. [app. a. OF. desvanter 
to vaunt excessively, make one’s boast, f. des-, L. d/s- 
+ vanter to vaunt, boast.] To vaunt, boast. 

c 1540 Surr. Northampton Priory in Prance Addit. Narr. 
Pop. Plot 36 ‘Yo the most notable slaunder of Christs Holy 
Evangely, which..wee did ostentate and openly devant to 
keepe most exactly. [1655 quoted by Futter Ch, Hist. 
vi. 320 with spelling devaunt, mod. ed. advaunte.| 

Deve, obs. f. DEAVE v. to deafen and of Dive v. 

+ Deverction. Obs. rare—°, [n. of action from 
L. dévehére to carry down.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Devection, a carrying away or 
down. 

Deveer, obs. form of Devorr, duty. 

Deverhent, a. [ad. L. dévehent-em, pr. pple. 
of dévehére to carry down.] (See quot.) 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Devehent, carrying away, efferent. 

Devel (de'v'l), 5d. Sc. Also devvel, devle, 
[Derivation unknown.] A severe or stunning blow. 
Hence De'vel v., to strike or knock down with 
a stunning blow; De-veller, a boxer; also ‘a dex- 
trous young fellow’ (Jamieson). 

1786 Burns Zam Samson's Elegy iii, Death’s gien the 
Lodge an unco devel, Tam Samson’s dead. 1807 TANNa- 
HILL Poems 116 (Jam.) Guile soud be devel’d i’ the dirt. 
1816 Scotr Antig. xxv, Ae gude downright devvel will 
split it. E 

+ De'veling, adv. Ols. Also 3 duvelunge. 
[f. deve, deve, Dive v. + -LING.] Headlong, as 
with a dive. 

az225 Fuliana77 Ha beide hire & beah duuelunge adun. 
a1225 St. Marher.20 Ant te meiden duuelunge feol dun to 
pe eorde, c1320 Sir Benes 648 Into his chaumber he gan 
gon, and leide him deueling on be grounde. ¢1330 Arth. 
& Merl. 7762 (Matz.) Mani threwe doun deueling mht. 

Develop (d/ve'lép), v. Also 7 devellop, vi 
develope. [a. F. développe-r, OF. (12-13th c.) 
desvoleper, -volosper, -voloper, 14th c. desyelopper 
(whence an earlier Eng. form DIsvELOP), = Pry &s- 
volopar, -volupar, It. sviluppare ‘to unwrap, to 
disentangle, to rid free’ (Florio), f. des-, L. dis- + 
the Rom. verb which appears in mod.It. as 
viluppare ‘to enwrap, to bundle, to folde, to roll 
up, to entangle, to trusse up, to heape up’, vz/eppo 
‘an enwrapping, a bundle, a fardle,\q trusse, an 

-enfolding’ (Florie). 
The oldest form’ o6 the radical appears to have been 
(votupare, volopare; its terivation is uncertain: see also 
ENvELop.] : 

+1. ¢vans. To unfold, unroll (anything folded or 
rolled up); to unfurl (a banner); to opgn out of 
its enfolding cover. Ods. (in general man 

1592-161r-[see Disvetor]. 1656 BLounr Glossogr., De- 
veloped (Fr. desvelopé), unwrapped, unfolded, undone, dis- 
plaied, opened. Ed, 1670 [adds] It is the proper term for 
spreading or displaying an Ensign in war. 1692 Cotes, 
Developed, unfolded. 1730-6 Battey (folio), Developed, 
unwrapped, unfolded, opened. 1775 Asn, Developed, dis- 
entangled, disengaged, cleared from its covering. 1794 
Miss Gunnine /acket I. 32, I must suppose he returned to 
the contents of the packet in the same hurry of spirits with 
which he first developed them. 1814 Mrs. JANE West 
Alicia de Lacy 111. 94 The red rose banner was developed 
in front of the Lancasterian army. 1868 Cussans Her. xx. 

- 263 So depicted on the Standard as to appear correct when 
it was developed by the wind. 

b. Geom. To flatten out (a curved surface, e.g. 
that of a cylinder or cone) as it were by unrolling 
it; also, in wider sense, to change the form of (a 
surface) by bending. See DEVELOPABLE b. 

1879 Tuomson & Tair Nat. Phil. 1.1. § 139 The process 
of changing the form of a.surface by bending is called 
‘developing’. But the term ‘Developable Surface’ is 


devastators of the Palatinate. 

|| Devastavit (divestz-vit). Zaw. [L. dévas- 
tavit he has wasted, 3rd sing. perf. of dévastare: see 
Devastate.] A writ that lies against an executor 
or administrator for waste or misapplication of the 
testator’s estate. 

{1579 Rastett Exp. termes lawes, Deuastauerunt bona 
testatoris, is when Executours wyl deliuer the legacyes that 
their Testatour hath geeuen, or make restytutyon Yor wronges 
done by him, or pay hys det due vpon contracts or other 
detes vpon specialties, whose dayes of paymentes are not yet 


© ly restricted to such inextensible surfaces as can be 
developed into a plane, or, in common language, ‘smoothed 
flat’. 
+2." To lay open by removal of that which enfolds 
(in a fig. sense), to unveil; to unfold (a tale, the 
meaning of a thing) ; to disclose, reveal. Ods. (exc. 
as passing into 3.) 
1742 Pore Dunc. 1v. 269 Then take him to devellop, if you 
can, And hew the Block off, and get out the Man. 1756 
Monitor No. 35 Flattering his sagacity in developin 
concealed meaning. 1789 T. Jerrerson Writ, (1859) II. 
554 To appeal to the nation, and to develop to it the ruin of 


DEVELOP, 


1770 C, JENNER Placid Man 1. 53 This circumstance was 
of singular use e) me in helping me to develope her real 
character. 1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennerr Yuvenile Indiscre- 
tions (1786) 1. 172 No great netration was uired to 
develope the writer of this frien ly billet, 1787 Ann Hitpitcu 
Rosa de Montmorien 1.74 His principles were unimpeached, 
because none could ever develope their, real tendency. 1796 
J: Moser Hermit of emg Le 27 * ‘Here,’ said smael, 

is a recess which I hope to lop'd.’ 
1802 tr. A. La Fontaine's 71 Rabe 
men whose real characters you will find it difficult, some- 
times impossible, to develop. 1822 Mrs. E. Natuan Lang- 
veath 1. 202 He did not possess the tact of developing in an 
instant the weakness of the human heart. 

+c. To unroll or open up that which enfolds, 
aca or conceals. Ods. 

Sylph 1. 192 Nor will the signature contribute to 
deve 0) the cloud behind which I chuse to conceal myself. 
Ibid. ti. 41 If he should have .. developed the thin veil 
I spread over the feelings I have laboured .. to overcome. 
1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Juvenile [ndiscretions (1786) 111. 
4t Nor is it necessary they should have the rise of de- 
veloping the obscurity of my character. 

3. To unfold more fully, bring out all that is 
potentially contained in, 

1750 Warsurton Fulian Wks. 1811 VIII. xxviii, To 
instruct us in the history of the human mind, and to assist 
us in developing its faculties. 1790 Sir J. Reysotps Disc. 
xv, To develope the latent excellencies. .of our art. 1827 
Hare Guesses (1859) 285 One may develope an idea .. But 
one cannot add to it, least of all in another age. 1864 
Bowen Logic ix. 268 To ascertain, develop, and illustrate 
his meanin 1873 M. Arnotp Lit. & Dogma v. (1876) 129 
Learned re igion elucidates and developes the relation of 
the Son to the Father, 1885 Manch. Exam, 10 July 5/3 The 
trade might be developed to almost any extent. 1890 Sir 
R. Romer in Law 7imes’ Rep. LXIII. 685/2 For working 
and developing the property to the best advantage. 

b. Mil. To open gradually (an attack). 

= Stevenson 7'reas. Js/. 1v, xxi, The attack would be 
developed from the north. 

ce. Mus. See DEVELOPMENT Io. 

1880 STaInER Composition ix. § 161 A melody is rarely de- 
veloped without frequent changes of key, or of harmony. 
Jbid. § 162 A fragment of melody is said to be developed 
when its outline is altered and expanded so as to create new 
interest. /did., Exercises. Develope by various methods 
the following subjects, as if portions of a Pianoforte Sonata. 

4. Math. To change a mathematical function or 
expression into another of equivalent value or 
meaning and of more expanded form ; es. to ex- 
pand into the form ofa series. * 

ag 1 E. Otnev /nfinit. Calc. 67 It is proposed to discover 
the law of development, when the function can be developed 
in the form y =/(2) = A+ Bx+C 229+ D25+£at+etc. 

5. To bring forth from a latent or elementary 
condition (a physical agent or condition of matter) ; 
to make manifest what already existed under some 
other form or condition. 

1813 Sin H. Davy Agric. Chem, (1814) 66 Acids are 
generally developed. 1831 Brewster Oftics vii. 73 Such 
a white light I have succeeded in developing. 1834 Mrs. 
SomERVILLE Connex, I'hys. Sc. xxx. (1849) 350 The same me- 
chanical means which develope magnetism will also destroy 
it. 1839 G. Biro Nat, hil, 279 This mode of developing 
electricity was discovered. . by Prof. Seebeck. 1842 Grove 
Corr. Phys. Forces 59 Heat is developed in some jon 
to the disappearance of light. 1860 Tynpa.t Glac, 1. xx. 
144 We thus develop both attraction and repulsion. 

b. LPhotogr. To bring out and render visible (the 
latent image produced by actinic action upon the 
sensitive surface) ; to apply to (the plate or film) the 
chemical treatment by which this is effected. Also 
absol, 


‘1. 153 To live amidst 


1845 Atheneum 22 Feb. 203/1 It is evident then, that all ; 


bodies are capable of aye i disturbance, and might 
be used for the production of pictures—did we know of eas 

methods by which the pictures might be devel Ibid, 

14 June 593/1 ‘The paper used by Mr. Fox T: bot is the 
iodide o! Hs ver, and the picture is developed by the action 
of gallic acid. 1859 Jeruson & Reeve Brittany 48 He 
went to and fro to develope the plates and prepare new 
ones, 1861 Photogr. yin Alm, in Cire. o . 160/2 The 
plate can be developed for hours or days. Warts 
Dict. Chem, 11. 693 In order to develop the latent image, 
the Degen anerre ee, was exposed to the action of 


the vapour of Tristram Moaé xi, 203 All 
our phot thang shaved ‘ail angel an accident before they 
were developed, 1876 CuaMBers Astron. 75 I prefer 
to develope with an oh niet 1893 Asney Photogr. i. 


(ed. 8) 3. 

ce. fade. for reft. 

1861 Photogr. News Alm. in Circ. Se. 1. 160/1 A plate 
well washed. .developes than one hed insuffi- 
ciently, 

6. ¢rans. To cause to grow (what exists in the 
germ). a, Said of an organ or organism. 

1857 Henrrey Zot, § 40 In the Banyan tree recon 
roots are — developed on the ee ee 
branches, 1863 Huxtey Man's Place wae 
floor of which a notochord is developed. 

Reign Law ii. (ed. 4) 106 They grow, or, in anticn phrase- 
olo; ; are developed, a 1871 1871 Grore Eth, Fragm. i 

1876) thical sentiment tends to develop the benevolent 
Uepuines. 1878 Brownina Poets Croisic 19 We need 
benevolence Of nature's sunshine to develop seed So well.” 


In ‘the 


280 
b. Said of a series of organisms showin ~ 
gression from a simpler or lower to a hig! 
more complex ; to evolve, 

1839 Penny Cycl. III. 281 He [Lamarck] supposed that 
all organized beings, from the lowest to the highest forms, 
were ‘ively developed from fan ponents on 
particles. This may be called the theory of 
1857 H. Miter Test. Rocks v.200 The Lamarckian nlizms 
that all our recent species of plants and animals were 
developed out of previously existing plants and animals of 
species entirely different. 1880 HauGuton Phys. Geog. vi. 
273 Forces have been at work, developing in each great 
continent animal forms peculiar to itself. 

. transf. To evolve (as a product) from pre- 
existing materials; to cause to grow or come into 
active existence or operation, 

1820 Suettey Witch of Atlas xxxvi, In its growth It 

d to have developed no defect Of either sex. 

Hr. Martineau A/ora/ 1, 5 Fresh_powers .. which . 
velop further resources, 184 i MERSON Ess., Politics 
Wks. (Bohn) I, 242 Wild liberty developes iron conscience. 
Want of liberty. .stupefies conscience. 1847 — Kepr, Men, 
Napoleon ibi L The times .. and his early circum- 
stances combined to develop this pattern democrat. 1866 
Rocers Agric. § Prices 1. xxiii. 601 In the hope that a new 
set of customers might be develo 1868 Bain Ment. & 
Mor. Sc. Ethics (1875) 630 The situations of different ages 
and countries develop characteristic qualities. 

b. To exhibit or display in a well-formed con- 
dition or in active operation. 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales II. 180 His organ of 
veneration was strongly developed. 1874 Hers Soc. Press. 
iv. 63 It is astonishing what ambulatory powers he can 
develop. La oe Hux ey Physiogr. 169 The hardest rocks of 
Britain are eloped in the western and northern parts 
of the island. 1885 Manch. Exam. 6 Apr. 5/3 Indignant 
jurymen have recently cas ay a quite unusual tendency 
es letters to the news, 

8. ref. To unfold itself, come gradually into 
existence or operation. 

1793 W. Roserts Looker-on (1794) III. No. 67. 36 This 
prominent part of their character os an to develope itself. 
1830 D'Israeui Chas. J, III. ii. 16 The faculties of Charles 
developed themselves. 1841 Trencu Parables, Tares a We 
learn that evil .. is ever to develop itself more fully. 7 


L. Hu: ab fed Honey x. (1848) B48) 132 ew beauties sadeninive y | 
USK! 


developed themselves. 1860 in Mod. Paint. V. vu. 
iii. § 8. 130 The quiet, thoroughly defined, infinitely divided 


and modelled pyramid [of cloud] never develops itself. 1875 | 


Bucxtanp Log-bk. 276 A serious fault had developed it 
1879 McCartuy Own Times II. xxii. 122 Our constitutional 
system grows and developes itself year after year, 

9. intr. (for refl.) To unfold itself, grow from a 
germ or rudimentarycondition; to growintoa fuller, 
higher, or maturer condition. 

1843 Soutney /nuscriptions xxxv, How differently Did 
the two spirits..Develope in that awful element. 1845 J. 
H. Newman Ess, Developm. t. i. (1846) 37 An idea. .cannot 
develope at all except either by destroying, or modifying 
and incorporating with itself, existing modes of thin ing 
and acting. 1859 KincsLey Misc., Swift & Pope (1860) I 
285 The man..goes on. . developing almost unconsciously. 
1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 5. 387 London developed into 
the general mart of Europe. 1880 MeCartuy Own Times 
IV. liv. 179 It seems certainly destined to develope rather 
than fade. 1884 L. Mater M/7s. Lorimer 11 Such women 

..do not develop very early either spiritually or mentally. 

b. Of diseases: To advance from the latent stage 
which follows the introduction of the germs, to 
that in which the morbid action manifests itself. 

a Law Times XCII. 131/2 The time swine fever takes 
to develop. 


Hence igh ode ppl. a., Developing vd/. sb. 


and oot a 
LouNt G. lossogr., Developed (see x above}. 1775 — 

Develo, ing, disentangling, disengaging, uncovering. 

Mut Liberty iii. (1865) 37/2 To show, that these doves 
human beings are of some use to the undeveloped. 1861 
Photogr. News Alm. in Circ. Sc. 1. 160/1 Take a sufficient 

uantity of the..developing solution. ¢ 1865 J. Wytpe in 
Circ. Sc. I. 148/2 ‘The result of developing depends..on the 
strength of the silver solution. 1879 A thenarum 83/2 osh thovsiep. 
ing animals may at any ¢ in embryonic history 
more or less profoundly modified. 1880 A, Witson in Gen?t/. 
Mag. CCXLVI. 45 It..might be —— as a developing 
snail. 1882 Tynpauw in Z The photo- 


. grapher. . illuminates his developing room Nah light trans- 


mitted through red or yellow oiean: 

Developable (divelépab’l), a. and sd, [f. 
prec. vb. + -ABLE: in mod.F. développadle.] 

= adj. Capable of being developed or of de- 
veloping 

soe Ri F. Witson in Newman's Lett. (1891) I. W Prin- 
ciples .. only developable under one form, ILKINS 
bloat Names Bible 360 Itis the nature of s bolical names 

Ww tye re A: po ny ture, 
HITNEY a i. i ui 
irs, Wa into a a ma of “- 1879 
Jevons in Contemp. Rev. Nov. 537 It now becomes a 
moving and developable moral sense. 

b. Math, (a) Of a function or expression ; Cap- 
able of being expanded. (4) Of a curved surface: 
Capable of being unfolded or flattened out: (see 
DEVELOP vz. I b). 

1816 tr. Lacroix’ Diff. & Int. Cale. 479 at ba be a func- 
tion of A developable in a series of powers of A. .then [etc.]. 
1840 LarpNer Geom, 247 Two developable surfaces will 
intersect in a right line, £ the right lines, by the motion of 
which they are generated, coincide in any one position. 
1865 Avvis S. Geom. ix. § 146 Ruled Gatlicas in which 
comes gemuieg 5 lines he in one are called 
developable surfaces, while all other ru! surfaces are 
Called-ste skew surfaces, 1866 § Paoctox flandbb. Stars 16 note, 


ee ge 


DEVELOPMENT. 


gf. 9 Wobe.om ant 


In +. even such narrow 
and the chord sod ares five degres 


wb. (Math) A. dev 

— (Math.) A developable surface ; a ruled 
surface in which consecutive generators intersect. 
1874 SaLmon Geom. three Dimens. § Pit 
rnc og: -which i ‘called. the-cuteitill Sian ot 
in is a curve. is 

that developable, 


Deve (dive'lépas), v. 
He who or that which develops. 
ree HEWELL in Todhunter Acc. Whewell's Writ. . (1876) 
IL thet yon ee ee ee injustice 
Fasen Lett, 
dev ‘Adoration of the 
Host from the unestablished doctrine of Transubstantiation. 
1850 Maurice Mor. §& Met. Philos, (ed. 2) 85 Developers 
of a certain set of theories about gods, men, and nature. 
icago Advance 4 Jan., The home is the great de- 

r of individuality and character. 

b. Photogr. A chemical agent by which photo- 

graphs are develo 

boar Eng. Mech. ae Dec. 281/3 peion s 
of t Pp 
can dipsten to oak equally ell typ Cass These 
Educ. 1V. 323/2 The iron developer and pregalt : peg 
solution for intensifying. 1890 Asney Photogr. (ed. 6) 
The che agents which are utilized in order to 
the development of the latent image to take place.. 
technically called developers, a term which, critically ake 
ing, isa , as in the ity of cases the part they 
play is a secondary one. 

Deverlopist. nonce-word. [f. as prec. + -I8T.] 
ger evolutionist. 

H. Srrickanp Travel Thoughts 12 You are a Ves- 
tiges of Creation developist, and think that a Frenchman 
may, by cultivation, be developed into an Englishman. 

Development (<d/ve'lépmént). Also 8-9 de- 
velope-. [f. DEVELOP v. + -MENT, after F. déve- 
loppement, in 15th c. desv-.] The process or fact 
of placa at ae the concrete result of this pro- 


[f. as prec. + -ER.] 


g% A gradual unfolding, a bringing into fuller 
view ; a fuller iiclanna working out of the de- 
tails of anything, as a plan, a scheme, the plot of 
anovel, Also quasi-concr. icine in which the fuller 
unfolding is embodied or realized. 


(1752 Cuesterr. Lett. pon pes ple III, 263 A développe- 
ment Lhe must prove fatal to R pretensions.] 
1788 J J. Warton £ss. Pope 1. 49 -) These pedis new on 


homson .. might still be aug: 
saree | of the b in the loves of the birds, in 
Spring; a view of the torrid zone in Summer ; A sed. a7 
Sterne 77, Shandy I. xiii. (R.\, A map .. with 
pieces and developements of this work will be to the 
end of the beim volume. 1786 Francis the Philan- 
thropist 1. Congratulations ., on the developement, so 
= to his onour, of this intricate and confused affair. 

851 Giapstone Glean. IV. v. 5 Essential to the entire 
deve ment of my case. 

volution or bringing out from a latent or 

Bre condition ; the production of a natural 
force, energy, or new "form of matter. 

1794 Sutiivan View Nat. |. 176 How slowis the develope- 
ment of heat. E. V. Neate Anal. Scalp ths tee 214 
The development discernible in nature, is 
to light a new manifestation of forces alread "existing, wit 
the’same characters, under somie other manifestation. 
Eire ileal Pokey od dee. ri which illu 
the development of heat by mechanical means. 

3. aad growth and “unfolding of wha what is in the 

; the condition of that which is developed : 
a. Sof. organs and organisms. 
79s Jerresom ¥ Bi beer ey pony I. 92 The - 


nt and f fe ue. a f Ty . Davy 
ak Chem. (8% (1814) | 213 various stages 
ment and decay of t their organs, _ 3835 Tier fi os Entomol. 
Let. iii, The of i -Strictly, 


ht 
rather to be termed a series of devel Da 
Zooph, (1848) 686 The latter also differ i a their modes of 


developement. 1862 Six B, Bronte Psychol. Ing. 11. i. 5 
Watching the development of bene and 1875 Ben- 
nett & tr. Sachs’ Bot, As the development pro- 

the cells .. become tiated. a 


Anat. Inv. Anim. iii, 111 The develo} 
has been carefully investigated. the, Bape sy 
Geng. x6 Some are now in thet infancy; others inthe i] 


of their d 

b. Of races of p tsand animals: The same as 
Evouvrion ; the evoluti: process and its result. 
Development theory or h Papen (eee) the doc- 
trine of Evolution; applied especially to a form 

of the Bu e ht by Arr ee ite i 
HAM: estiges reation 191 ( 

heats of the Development of the ¥ 


nal physical circumstances to resulting animals 
are a riate. ‘ag He Mitcen 5 ery Creat. x 870) 
243 The development vi of the 185 . F. 
Ricnarpson /ntrod. Geol. 306 The of progressive de- 

ent receives no su) from the facts unfolded 
the history of fosall reptiles, 1866 Arcyit Reign Law 
(ed. 4) 32 All theories tt have been simply 
attempts to +. the ph process by 
which, this continuity of t and pattern has 

I. x Its various 

may be pellets nig | or 


tcome of previous history. Srewart & Tait 
Unseen Univ. iv. § pecan fel, to eternity and 
development to 


DEVELOPMENT. 


ce. The bringing out of the latent capabilities (of 
anything) ; the fuller expansion (of any principle 
or activity). 

a R. W. Date Few. Temp. xii. (1877) 131 A promise 
the final developement and fulness of which we are still 
waiting for. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. § 2. 225 A yet 
larger development of their powers was offered to the Com- 
mons by Edward himself. /éd. ix. 697 A mightier and 
more rapid development of national energy. 1878 Lecxy 
Eng. in 18th C. Il. v. 50 The real development of Scotch 
industry dates from the Union of 1707. 1879 Luspock Addr. 
Pol. & Educ. iv. 85 Natural science, as a study is perhaps 
the first in development of our powers. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. 
Educ, 1V. 34/2 This extraordinary development of the iron 
manufacture, 

4. Gradual advancement through progressive 
stages, growth from within. 

1836 J. Girgert Chr. Atonem. iv. (1852) 104 Only where 
those means exist. .is there a development of holy character. 
1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Developm. 1. i. (1846) 37 The de- 
velopment of an idea, being the germination, growth, and 
perfection of some living... truth. 1861 Garsetr Boyle 
Lect, 46 This scheme.. exhibits a progressive development, 
in which there is not a missing link. 1862 S. Lucas Secularia 
6 Nations proceed in a course of Development, their later 
manifestations being potentially present in the earliest ele- 
ments. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. iv. 251 Gradual 
developement without any sudden change. 

5. A developed or well-grown condition; a state 
in which anything is in vigorous life or action. 

1851 G. F. RicHarpson /xtrod. Geol. 258 The genus Ser- 
pula .. attained its greatest development in the oolitic seas. 
1851 Manset Proleg. Log. (1860) 18 His disciple. . has carried 
the doctrine to its fullest development. 1870 RoLLEsToN 
Anim. Life Introd. 49 The great development of the 
sternum whence the muscles of flight take origin. 1871 
Smites Charac. xii. (1876) 366 The highest development of 
their genius. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 76 The Laches 
has more play and development of character. 

6. The developed result or product; a developed 
form of some earlier and more rudimentary or- 
ganism, structure, or system. 

1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Developm. 1. iii. (1846) 58 The 
butterfly is the development .. of the grub. 1856 Froupe 
Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 2 The last orders of Gothic architec- 
ture were the development of the first. 1871 R. W. Dace 
Commandm., Introd. 4 The Christian Faith may be spoken 
of as, in some sense, the development of Judaism. 1873 
M. Arnotp Lit, § Dogma Pref. (1876) 22 Attacking Romish 
developments from the Bible, which.. were evidently .. 
false developments. 1877 E. R. Conver Bas. Faith i. 5 
Natural to man only as a development, not as an original 
element in his nature. 

II. Technical uses. 

7. a. Geom. The action of unrolling a cylindrical 
or conical surface, the unbending of any curved 
surface into a plane, or of a non-plane curve into 
a plane curve. +b. Applied to the unrolling 
of a papyrus or other roll which has become 
rigid (ods.). 

1800 J. Hayter Herculanean §& Pompeian MSS.12 About 
thirty years ago, His Sicilian Majesty ordered the Develope- 
ment, the Transcription, and the printing of the Volumes 
[rolls]..to be undertaken. 1817 (¢i¢7e), Herculaneum Rolls. 
—Correspondence Relative to a Proposition made by Dr. 
Sickler, of Hildburghausen, upon the Subject of their De- 
velopment. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. xix. 333 Let the out- 
line of the country be projected on this cone: then on un- 
folding the paper, it may be spread out on a flat surface : 
hence the method is known as that of conical development. 
Lbid. 336 The polar Sp pec are not brought within Mer- 
cator’s projection, for the poles are supposed, by the cylin- 
drical develop to be indefinitely distant. 

e. See quots. ; 

1874 KniGut Dict. Mech., Development, The process of 
drawing the figures which given lines on a curved surface 
would assume, if that surface were a flexible sheet and were 
spread out flat upon a plane without alteration of area and 
without distortion. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 195/t 
To draw the various forms required in ‘development ’—that 
is the covering of surfaces. : 

8. Math. The process by which any mathematical 
ogee is changed into another of equivalent 
value or meaning, and of more expanded form; the 
expanded form itself. 

1816 tr. Lacroix’ Diff. & Int. Calc. 148 This develope- 
ment has been obtained by first putting ++4 instead of 2; 
1837 Penny Cyci. VIII. #45/ The mathematical use of an 
expression is frequently facilitated by employing its develop- 
ment. — /6id., The usual form of development is into infinite 
series. 

9. The action of developing a photograph ; the 
process whereby the latent image on the exposed 
film is rendered visible by the chemical precipita- 
tion of new material on the surface. 

1845 A thenxum 29 Mar. 312/3 If an impressed Daguerreo- 
type plate .. be exposed to the vapour of chlorine, iodine, 
or bromine .. the nascent picture is obliterated, so as to be 
no longer capable of developement by the vapour of mercury. 
1861 Photogr. News Alm. in Circ. Sc. 1. 160/2 Add more 
silver, till the development is complete. 1881 Eng, Mech. 
No. 874. 382/1 The exposed plates, after development and 
before fixing, should be put [etc.]. 

10. Mus. The unfolding of the qualities or capa- 
cities of a musical phrase or subject by modifica- 
tions of melody, harmony, tonality, rhythm, etc., 
esp. in a composition of elaborate form, as a sonata ; 
the part of a movement in which this takes place. 
Also attrzb. 

1880 Parry in Grove Dict. Mus. s.v., The most perfect 
types of development are to be found in Beethoven’s works, 


~ Von. Til. 


281 


with whom not seldom the greater part of a movement is 
the constant unfolding and opening out of all the latent 
possibilities of some simple rhythmic figure. 1880 STAINER 
Composition ix. § 156 This splendid musical form [sonata- 
form] differs .. chiefly in having a Development-portion. 
Ibid. § 166 A figure, or rhythmic motive, or melodic phrase 
from any part preceding the double bar {of a movement in 
sonata-form] may be chosen for development. 1889 H. A. 
Harpine Analysis of Form 5 The Coda begins with a de- 
velopment of the figure taken from the rst subject. /dc., 
The development commences in C major. 

11. attrib. See also 3b. 

1885 Pall Mall G. 12 Feb. 5/2 No development work has 
been done whatever, not a shaft has been sunk. 

Hence Developmenta‘rian, Deve‘lopmentist, 
nonce-wds., one who holds a theory of develop- 
ment or evolution in biology, theology, etc. ; an 
evolutionist. 

1865 A/orn, Star 2 Sept., The most curious part of the 
business is that some polygenists are also developmentarians. 
1870 Sut, Rev. XXIX, 807 If Mr. Proctor were a develop- 
mentist, and boldly laid it down that out of elementary 
substances of proved identity with those of our earth .. life 
.. must of necessity be engendered in forms much the same 
as those we know. 1888 /udian Churchman 26 May 144 
No loophole of escape is here left for the ‘developmen- 
tarians’. ‘ 

Developmental (dive:lipmentil), a. [f. prec. 
+ -AL.] Of, pertaining, or incidental to develop- 
ment; evolutionary. 

Developmental disease, a disease which is associated with 
a Stage or process in the development of the body. 

1849 OWEN Parthenogenesis 8 So much of the primary 
developmental processes. 1859 Darwin O7ig. Species xiv. 
(1873) 390 Sometimes it is only the earlier developmental 
stages which fail. 1864 Datly Ved. 27 July, Deaths by con- 
vulsions rose from 38 to 71... by developmental diseases of 
children from 24 to 42. 1883 Birm. Weekly Post 11 Aug. 3/6 
One of the diseases, so called, of the developmental class 
—viz., senile decay. 1884 Anowledge No, 160. 421 They 
are interesting from a developmental point of view. 1890 
Houmpury Old Age 5 A developmental or physiological death 
terminates the developmental or physiological decay. 

Hence Developme‘ntalist, oce-z., an evolu- 
tionist. 

1862 Temple Bar Mag. V. 215 According to the develop- 
mentalists .. the various races of men.. gradually developed 
themselves in the progress of ages, from. lower forms of 
animal life. . 

Developmentally, a/v. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In relation or reference to development. 

1849-52 Owen in Todd Cyc. Anat. IV. 873/1 The investiga- 
tion. .of this vast subject zootomically, developmentally, and 
microscopically. 1863 Huxtey J/an's Place Nat. iti. 148 
The base of the skull may be demonstrated developmentally 
to be its relatively fixed part. 1874 Carpenter JZent. Phys. 
ul. Xv. (1879) 571 The retina may be developmentally regarded 
as a kind of off-shoot from the optic ganglion. 

+ Devernerate, v. Obs.—° [ad. L. avener- 
ari to reverence, f. DE- 3 + vererart to worship.] 
1623 CockERAM, Deuenerate, to worship. 

+ Devenu'state,v. Obs. rare—'. [f. late L. 
dévenustare Gellius) to, disfigure, deform, f. DE- 6 
+ venustare to beautify, verustus beautiful: see 
-ATE3.] ¢rans. To deprive of beauty or comeli- 

ness ; to disfigure, deform. 

1653 WaTERHOUSE Afol. Learning 245 (L.) To see what 
yet remains of beauty and order devenustated, and exposed 
to shame and dishonour. 

+ Dever, s?. Ods., ME. form of Dxvorr, duty. 

+Deve'rgence. Obs. rare-°. [ad. late L. 
devergentia \Gellius) an inclining downward, a 
sloping, f. dévergére, f. DE-1 + vergére to incline, 
turn.] Downward slope, declivity. 

1727 Batey vol. II, Devergence, a devexity or declivity, 
by which any thing tends’ or declines downward. 1755 
Jounson, Devergence, declivity, declination. (Dict.) 1847 
Craic, Devergence, Devergency, declivity ; declination. Oés. 
[1864 WesstER, Devergence, Devergency, the same as Di- 
vergence.) i 

Devers, deversion, -itie: see Divers-. 

+Deversary. Obs. rare. [Pad. L. déver- 
sorium lodging-house, inn.] ? A lodging-house, 
inn, tavern: see DIVERSORY. 

1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11.754, I was drynchyn In synne 
deversarye, 

Devest (diverst), v. arch. [a. OF. devester 
(13th c.), also desvestir (12th c. in Hatzf.), f. des-, 
dé- =, dis- (see DE- 6, Dis-) + vestir, mod.F. 
vétir:—L. vestire to clothe. The Latin dictionaries 
cite a single instance of dévestire to undress, from 
Appuleius ; but in Romanic, the prefix is dis-, des-: 
cf. Pr. desvestir, devestir, It. divestire, med.L. dis-, 
di-, dé-vestire, from OFr. In later English the 
prefix is conformed to classical L. analogies ‘as 
Divest, q.v., and deves¢ now survives only in 
sense 5 (in which dzvest also occurs). 

+1. trans. To unclothe, undress, disrobe (a per- 
son) ; véfl. to undress oneself. Ods. 

1598 Yonc Diana 13 If that she was alone, deuesting her. 
1599 Suaks. Hen, V, u. iv. 78 That you deuest your selfe, 
and lay apart The borrowed Glories. 1604 — Of/. 1. iii. 
181 Like Bride and Groome Deuesting them for Bed. 1623 
Cockeram, Dewest, to vncloath one. a@x625 FLETCHER 
Woman's Prizei.ii, Leave it Maria: Devest you with obe- 
dient hands; to bed! 1649 4 /coran 417 Whose filthy naked- 
ness must appear When he is devested. 

+b. fig. Todismantle, reduce toa defenceless state. 


DEVESTURE, 


1652 Gaute Magastrom. 335 The City of Rome being 
mightily devested by the Gaules, the Senators began to 
deliberate, whether they should repaire their ruined walls, 
or flee to Vejus. 

+ 2. To strip (a person) of clothes, armour, ete. ; 
to strip or deprive of anything that clothes or 
covers, or is fg. considered to do so, Ods. 

1583 STanynurst xne7s 1. (Arb.) 33 Troilus hee marcked 
running, deuested of armour. 1683 Gapsury in Wharton's 
Whs, Pref., Left naked, and devested of every thing. 1687 
Dryven (ind § P.1. 187 And Aaron of his Ephod to devest. 
1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat, v.122 Thoughts in their naked 
state, devested of all words. 1 KenpaLt 7yav. II. xlvii. 
148 One crab devested of its shell. 

3. fig. To strip (a person or thing) of ( from) 
possessions, rights, or attributes ; to denude, dispos- 
sess, deprive ; rarely in good sense, to free, rid. 

1563 SackvILLE in Alirr, Mag., Buckingham xxix, The 
royall babes deuested from theyr trone. 1640 SANDERSON 
Serm, II. 155 We will speak of things. .considered in them- 
selves, and as they stand devested of all circumstances. 1641 
Mitton CA. Govt. u. iii, (1851) 158 With much more reason 
-. ought the censure of the Church be quite devested and 
disintal’d of all jurisdiction. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 15 
What a Cruelty it is to devest Children of that onely externall 
priviledge! 1647 Jer. ‘lavtor Dissuas. Popery u. 1. § 11 
How to devest it from its evil appendages. 1660 — Duct. 
Dubit, 1. i, ‘Fo say that God..had devested them of their 
rights. 167% 77ue Nonconf. 268 To devest Preaching of this 
Authority. 1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. xviii. 117 The Aspects 
are not wholly devested of Influence when under the Horizon, 

+4. a. To take or pluck off (the clothing of 
anyone). b. To put off (clothing, anything worn, 
borne, possessed, or held); to throw off, give up, 
lay aside, abandon. Ods, 

1566 Dranr //orace To Rdr. 2 Few or none doo attempt 
to deuest or pluck of her vaile of hypocrisie. 1625 Donne 
Serm. \xvi. 667 As those Angels doe not devest Heaven by 
coming, so there, Soules invest Heaven in their going. 1626 
/bid. iv. 33 No man that hath taken Orders can .. devest 
his orders when he will. @ 1631 /é7¢. i. (1634) 5 The highest 
cannot devest mortality. — Poems (1650) 252 Who..made 
whole townes devest Their wals and bulwarks. 1673 S. C. 
Art of Complaisance 5 Perswading them that we have de- 
vested our own enmity. 1675 Art Contentit. ix. § 4. 224 
That ugly form .. by use devests its terror. 1765 BLack- 
STONE Comm. I. 370 This natural allegiance .. cannot be 
devested without [etc.]. 

te. refl. Zo devest oneself of: to strip or dispos- 
sess oneself of; to put or throw off, lay down, lay 
aside. Ods. 

1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 2 His Father .. devested 
himselfe of all Authority. 165r Honpes Leviath. 1. xxvi. 
147 To be able. .to devest himselfe of all fear. 1672 MarveLe 
Reh. Transp. \. 239 Vhe same day that they took up Divinity, 
they devested themselves of humanity. 1707 Curios. in 
Husb. & Gard. 330 Salt .. cannot devest it self of the Im- 
pression it had received from Nature. 1791 Bosweti Fohnson 
an. 1783 (1816) IV. 273 The Reverend Mr. Shaw, a native 
of the Hebrides. .devested himself of national bigotry. 

5. Law. a. To take away (a possession, right, 
or interest vested in any one), to alienate; to annul 
(any vested right), to convey away. 70 devest out 
of: the opposite of to ‘ vest in’. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 32a, They cannot deveste 
that thing in fee which hath beene vested in theire house. 
1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 43 Ifa woman hauing chattels 
personall take a husband, the Law deuesteth the property 
out of her, and vesteth it in her husband onely. 1767 
Biackstone Cov, 11. 184 The interest, which the survivor 
originally had, is clearly not devested by the death of his 
companion. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 364 Where .. 
the freehold is not conveyed away or devested. 1840 S. 
WarkrEN 10,000 @ Year 1x. in Blackw. Mag. XLVIILI. 92 
The estate had once been vested, and could not subse- 
quently be de-vested by an alteration or blemish in the 
instrument. 1842 STEPHEN Laws Eng. (1874) 11.687 The title 
of any person instituted..to any benefice with cure of souls 
will be afterwards devested unless he shall publicly read.. 
the 39 articles. 1848 ArNouLD J/ar. /nsur. (1866) I. 1. iii. 
104 A mere pledge of the property, as a collateral security, 
does not devest all his insurable interest out of the property 
originally insured. 

b. To dispossess (a person) of any right, au- 
thority, ete., with which he is invested. Oés. 

1644 H. Parker ¥us Pop. 17 It invests the grantee without 
devesting the grantor. 1661 Cressy Re/?. Oathes Suprem. 
& Alleg., He (Hen. VIII] devested the Pope, and assumed 
to himself the power of Excommunication. 1672 in Picton 
L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 268 Persons which beare .. 
offices .. and are not legally devested. 1810 J. MarsHaLt 
Const. Opin. (1839) 133 ‘he same power may devest any 
other individual of his lands. 

Hence Deve'sted ///. a., Deve'sting v/. sb. ; 
also Deve’stment. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1303 The devesting of 
trees, which .. begin to shed and lose their leaves. 1 7 
M. Hupson Div. Right Govt. Introd. 6 By the Generall 
devestment of the creature of all its native graces and bless- 
ings. 1660 Boyte New £xp. Phys. Mech. xxii. 164 They 
.. lay aside the disguise of Air, and resume the devested 
form of Liquors. 1672 Perry ol. Anat, 42 ‘The people of 
Treland are all in Factions .. called English and Irish, Pro- 
testants and Papists: Though indeed the real distinction is 
vested and devested of the Land belonging to Papists, ann. 


1641. 

Devestiture, obs, var. of DIvESTITURE. 

Deve'sture. vare. [a. OF. des-, devesture, 
-eure (14th c. in Godef.) :—Rom. type *desvestitira, 
f. desvestire: see DEVEST and -URE; cf. DivesTuRE.] 
The action of devesting: putting off (as clothes) ; 
dispessession (of property). 

1648 W. Mountacur Devout Ess, 1. xiv. § 3 Ay The 


DEVEX. 


very disadvan we have. .in the devesture of self- 
1738 Counnooxs tr. Digest Hindu Law ion AL. Ti. s2 
vesture ns ti ways; 
deoden'ct rentectae and By tat hn rm. ere 

+ Deverx, a. and sb. Obs. [ad. L. dévex-us in- 
clined or sloping downwards, pa. pple. of dévehére, 
f. De- I. 1 + vehére to carry, convey.] 

A. adj. Bent or bending down, inclined or 
sloping downward. : 

1420 Pallad. on Husb. ut. 920 Thai love lande devexe 
and inclinate. 1669 Bappity & Naytor Life 7. Morton 
To Rdr., In his devex old age. 1727 Baiey vol. II, Devex, 
hollow like a valley; bowed down, bending. 1775 in Asx. 

B. sb. Downward slope, declivity; Devexiry. 
mae May Lucan x. 47 Vpon the Westerne lands (Follow- 
ing the worlds deuexe) a meant to tread. 

Hence + Deve'xness. 

1727 Baitey vol. Il, Devexness, devexity, bendingness 
downw: ; 

+ Deve’xed, ///. a. Obs. 
Bent or bowed down. 

1562 Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 205 Yf he shalbe 
by aidg or other wyse devexed or blynd. 

+ Deve:xion. [irreg. f. L. devex-us: see DEVEX.] 


[f. prec. + -ED.] 


shelvingness. 1775 in Asu. . 
+Devexity. O¢s. Also 7 di-. [ad. L. dé- 

vexttlas, f. devexus ; see DEVEX and -ITY.] Down- 
ward slope or incline ; concavity: see quots. 


1601 Hottanp P/iny I. 32 No man doubteth that the water | 


of the sea came euer in any shore so far as the deuexitie 
would have suffered. did. 34 So far as the other deuexitie 
or fall of the earth. 1612 Care: Devexité, deuexitie ; a 
hollownesse, bowing, bending, hanging double. a 1618 
Davies Wittes Pilgrimage (1876) 30 (D.) His haire.. Doth 
glorifie that Heau'n’s Divexity, iis head. 1656 BLounr 
Glossogr., Devexity, the hollowness of a valley, a bending 
down. 1678 in Puitirs. 1775 in Asu. : 

+ Devey'n. Obs. rare. In phrase zn deveynce, 
in vain. . 

c1g00 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. B) 17 Pat he traveylle 
no3t in deveyne (MS. A, in veyn]. did. (MS. A) 120 Pei 
speken in devyn [MS. B, deveyn]. 

+ Deviant, f//. a. Obs. rare. [ad. late L. dé- 
viant-em, pr. pple. of déviare : see next and -ant.] 

1. Deviating ; divergent. 

c1400 Kom. Rose 4789 From youre scole so devyaunt 
lam. 1623 Cockeram, Deuiant, farre out of the way. 

2. That diverts or causes to turn aside. 

1471 Riptey Comp. Alch, Pref. in Ashm. (1652) 121 O de- 
viaunt fro danger, O drawer. 

[ad. late L. dé- 


+ Deviate, //. a. Obs. rare. 
viat-us, pa. pple. of dvidre to turn out of the way: 
see next.] Turned out of the way; remote. 

1560 RoLLAND Crt. Venus 1. 208 Thow art far deuiat For 
to conforme thy lufe to sic estait. 1638 Sir 1. Herpert 
7vav. (ed. 2) 196 In the way no doubt, or not farre deviat 
to Rages. 

Deviate (di vije't), v. [f. L. déviat- ppl. stem 
of déevidre (Augustine and Vulgate), to turn out of 
the way, f. De- I. 2 + via way. Cf. F. dévier 
(Oresme, 14th c.).] 

1. intr. To turn aside from the course or track ; 
to turn out of the way; to swerve. 

1635 Quartes Em. w. iii. (1718) 199 Neither stand still, 
nor go back, nor deviate. 
have deviated more than a whole Degree. 1748 Anson's 
Voy. 1. vi. 348 Nor did they deviate in the least from their 
course. 1749 Fietvinc Tom Yones xu. xi, Our travellers 
deviated into a much less frequented track. 1860 TYNDALL 
Glac. 1. xviii. 127 We hewed our steps... but were soon glad 
to deviate from the ice. 

2. fig. To turn aside from a course, method, or 


1675 Ociey Brit. Pref., Some | 


» 282 
— divert, deflect, change the direction of. (/i¢. 


3660 Wittsrorp Scales Comm. A viij b, None shall be.. 
deviated with doubtfull directions. Corton tr. Afon- 
taigne xxxv. (D.), To let then deviate him from the righ 
—_. Newcoms & Hotpen Astron. 63 The eye-lens. . 
receives the pencil of rays, and devi: it to the coearver’ 's 
eye. 1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly June, If the angle of vision in 
one eye be deviated even to a slight degree..we see two 
images. ; 

+ 4. trans. To depart from. Ods. rare. 

1757 Mrs. Grirritu Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) U1. 222 

. This primitive reason is the great criterion, which may be 
— according as reason or conscience instructs the. . 
mind. 

Hence De-viating ///. a. 

1883 Pall Mall G. 13 Sept. 11/2 Ten batteries, ten deviat- 
ing points, and ten fahartion coils have about six times the 
power of one battery. 

Deviation (dzvi,z'-fan).  [n. of action from L. 
dzvtare to DeviaTE: cf. med.L. déviatio, F. dévia- 
tion (1461 in Godef. Supf/.; not in Cotgr.; in 
Acad. Dict. only from 1762).] 

1. The action of deviating; turning aside from 


1727 Baizey vol. 11, Deve-xion, devexity, bendingness or | @ path or track ; swerving, deflexion, 


1646 Sir TI. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. iv. 288 The dayes 
encrease or decrease according to the declination of the 
Sun; that is, its deviation Northward or Southward from 
the Aequator. 1 Damper Voy. 1. x. 287 According as 
the Ship deviated from its direct course..such deviation is 
..exprest by N. or S. 19781 Cowrer Friendship 113 They 


manifest their whole life through The needle’s deviations | 


too, 1831 Brewster Oftics iv.29 The angle .. representing 
its angular change of direction, or the angle of deviation, 
as it is called. 

+b. Astron. The deflexion of a planet’s orbit 
from the plane of the ecliptic: attributed in the 
Ptolemaic astronomy to an oscillatory motion of 
the deferent. Ods. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Deviation, in the old astronomy, 
a motion of the deferent, or eccentric, whereby it advances 
to, or recedes from, the ecliptic. The greatest deviation of 
Mercury is sixteen minutes ; that of Venus is only ten. 

e. Comm. Voluntary departure from the intended 


course of a vessel without sufficient reason. 

1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. Trade 131 Deviation, a depar- 
ture from the regular course of a voyage without cause, 
which renders the assurance irrecoverable if the ship is lost. 

2. Divergence from the straight line, from the 
mean, or standard position ; variation, deflexion ; 
the amount of this; + the declination or variation 
of the magnetic needle (ods.). 

1675 Ocitsy Brit. Pref. 3 Measuring even the smallest 
Deviations of the Kiba & 1690 Leysourn Curs. Math. 607 
This Deviation of the Needle is called by the Mariners, the 
North-Easting or North-Westing of the Needle. 1858 
GREENER Gunnery 375 The mean deviation on the target 
from the centre of the group of 10 hits being only ‘85 of 
a foot at 500 yards’ peo - 

b. sfec. The deflexion of the needle of aship’s 
compass, owing to the magnetism of the iron in 
the ship or other local cause, 

1821 A. Fisner ¥rni. Voy. Disc. 3 An experiment. .for.. 
ascertaining the effect of local attraction on the compasses ; 
or, to use the term that has been lately adopted, to deter- 
mine the deviation of the compass, or magnetic needle, 
with the ship's head brought to the different points of the 
compass. 1834 Nat. Philos., Navigation 1. \xili. 30 (Useful 
Knowl. Soc.) The deviation of the com was first ob- 
served by Mr. Wales, the astronomer of Capt, Cook. 2 

e. Path. Divergence of one or both of the optic 
axes from the normal position. Conjugate devia- 


| tion: see Consucate a. 5. 


mode of action, a rule, standard; etc.; to take a 


different course, diverge. 
a6: 
and like Sheepe gone astray, but were become Enemies. 


from their duty. 1682 Drypen A/ac Flecknoe 20 The rest 
to some faint meaning make pretence, But Shadwell never 
deviates into sense. 1777 Watson PAilip [/ (1839) 165 Those 
who deviated, or whom he suspected of deviating, from the 
Catholic faith, 1824 Macautay £ss., Mitford's Greece 
Wks. 1866 VII. 684 By resolutely deviating from his prede- 
cessors he is often in the right. 1860 TyNnpaALt Glac. 1. xvi. 
108 Why I deviated from my original intention, 

b. To digress from the subject in discourse or 
wining 

1638 Sir T. Hervert 7 av. (ed. 2) 241, I have deviated, 
this was discourse at dinner, not yet ended. 1823 Byron 
Juan 1x. xli, I am apt to grow too sumaphysicnd -. And 
deviate into matters rather dry, | a 

e. To diverge or Seoest in opinion or practice. 

1660 Barrow Lucilid Pref. (17143 It seem'd not worth my 
while to deviate..from him. 1811 L. M. Hawkins C’fess 
& Gertr. IL. 79, I say nothing of sectaries: as they profess 
to deviate from us, they do not belong to us. 

d. Of things (usually abstract); To take a 
different course, or have a different tendency; to 
diverge or differ (/rom a standard, etc.). 

1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. v. 149 If ever Dead Matter 
should deviate from this Motion. 1770 Funius Lett. xxxvii. 
181 As far as the fact deviates from the principle, so far the 
practice is vicious and corrupt. 1801 Srrutr Sorts & Past. 
1. ii. 33_ Particulars. .deviating from the t methods of 
taking fish. of Max Miter Sc. Relig. (1873) 301 Sans- 
krit and Greek have deviated from each bs 9 

3. ¢vans. To turn (any one) out of the way, turn 


Austin Medit. (1635)8 We had not onely deviated, | 


3. fig. Divergence from any course, method, rule, 
standard, etc. ; with a and f/., an instance of this. 
(The earliest and most frequent sense.) 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1307 The obscuration or 


| ecclipse of the sunne, the defect of the moone. . be as it were 
1659 B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 28 They had deviated | 


the excursions, deviations out of course. 1651 Honpes 
Leviath. v1. xxvii. 151 All manner of deviation from the 
Law. a1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit ( 1867) 236 


el See 


DEVICE, 
cemented on a flint one of sufficient angle that their deviative 
each other. 


powers reverse other.. 

Deviator (divije'tar). [a. late L. deviator 
(Augustine), t-n. f. déviare to DEVIATE.] © 

1. One who deviates, goes astray, digresses, etc. ; 
see the verb. 

Futter Adel Rediv. 220 Though Latimer was in 

his heedlesse youth A deviator. 1756 W. To.pervy Hist. 2 
Orphans \11, 48 Here we are obliged to be, in some mea- 
sure, deviators. P. Farsairn tr. Hengstenberg’s 
Revel. S. Fohn i.7 deviators are quite at variance 
among themselves. 

2. An appliance for altering the course of a 
balloon. 

1886 Pall Mail G. 14 Sept. 8/2 Their deviator had ceased 

act. 


to 
Devia (di-viateri), a. [f. L. type dévia- 
tori-us from dévidtor : see prec. and -orY.] Char- 


acterized by deviation. 
1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero De Finibus 20 The Deviatory 
Motion of the Atoms. 


Device (divais). Forms: 3-5 deuis, 4 Sc. 
deuiss, 4-5 deuys, Sc. dewis(e, -ys(s, -ice, 
-yce, 4-6 deuyse, diuis(e, dyuys(e, 4-7 deuise, 
devise, 5-6 deuyce, 6 Sc. devyiss, 6-7 divice, 
5- device. [Here two original OF. and ME. 
words devis and devise have run together. The 
actual form device represents phonetically ME. 
devis, devys, a. OF. devis masc., ‘ division, parti- 
tion, separation, difference, disposition, wish, desire, 


| will’ (Godefroy) ; ‘speech, talke, discourse, a con- 


ference, or communication ; deuising, conferring, or 
talking together; also, a deuice, inuention ; dis- 
position or appointment of’ (Cotgr.) ; in mod.F. 
‘action of discoursing, conversation, talk, speci- 
fication (of work to be done)’. But the form de- 
vise’(when not a mere variant spelling of device: 
see below) represents OF. devise fem. ‘ division, 
separation, difference, heraldic device, will, testa- 
ment, plan, design, wish, desire, liking, opinion, 
conversation, conference, manner, quality, kind’ 
(Godefroy); ‘a deuice, posie, embleme, conceit, 
coat or cognizance borne ; an inuention ; a diuision; 
bound, meere, or marke diuiding land’ (Cotgr.) ; 
in mod.F. ‘action of dividing, that which divides 
or distinguishes, the motto of a shield, seal, etc., 
an adage’. The two French words correspond to 
Pr. devis, devisa, It. diviso, divisa, Romanic derivs. 
of divis- ppl. stem of dividtre to divide: see 
DEVISE v. 

‘The older word in ME. a to have been devis, devys, 
but devise also appears fon Canes inp a 
earlier, at least in the phrase, to devise . @ devise 
(sense 12). It is however very difficult to distinguish the 
two words, since devise, devyse occurs not only as the 
proper spelling of the repr. of OF. devise, but also, in 
northern and late ME., and in the 16th c., as a frequent 
a of ME. devis, mod. device. In rimes it is gener- 
ally possible to e devise = devis, device, from devise 
proper, but in other positions it is impossible ; nor 
does the sense give much help, because in OF. devis and 
devise partly coincided in eager pec the English dis- 
tinctions do not always agree with the French. In later 
times device gradually b the pted form in all 
senses, except in that of Pg i we which 

i some reason to 


of England, used in the , when device (-vis) was 
written or at least pr in the singular: 
sing., houses (-zéz) pl. ‘The sense-development had to a great 


extent taken place before the words were adopted in 
uo that boon a re 


1. The action of devising, comes or planning; 
the faculty of devising, inventive facu 


—— d irthe had don come through cond 
1513 More ox Tit, Wha a3 Peo Genioe of beeen cae: 


To walk in ways of righteousness. . without any 
or self-allowed deviation. 1713 Steere Englishman No. 4. 
18 His Ministers are responsible for all his Deviations from 
Justice. 1793 7 rialof FysHe Palmer 14 This trifling devia- 


pr 
their owne deuise. 
Golde, siluer, or stone grauen by art and mans deuice. mot 
Srenser Amoretti xxx, That fire, which all end ts, 
Id hard which is congeald wit! 


tion in the spelling could not possibly be of any c q 
1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 2) 27 A deviation from 
the plain accepted meaning of words. 1860 Tynpaut Glace. 1. 
xviil. 129 There was no deviation from the six-leaved type. 
1872 i . Mureny Comm. Lev. v.1 Iniquity, that is devia- 
tion from equity. 1881 Westcorr & Hort Grk, N. 7. 
Introd. § od Lakentied deviations from the original. 

+b. Formerly sometimes aéso/. = Deviation from 
rectitude, moral declension, or going astray. 

Sir S. D’Ewes ¥rnis. Parl. (is) 32 He [Jas. 1) 
had his vices and deviations. 1 ICHARDSON Clarissa 
(J.), Worthy persons. .inadvertently drawn into a deviation, 
@ 1831 A. Knox Kem. (1844) I. 79 A feeling.. which years of 
subsequent deviation did not wholly destroy, 

+e. A turning aside from the subject, a digres- 
sion, Obs. rare. 

1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 159 Fearing I have 
= la + ——— 1713 SHAFTESB. ve ra 
i. ‘I . 10 lo vary .. m: pos'd Subject 
and make what Deviations or ixxcarsions 4 shall think At.” 

Deviative (divitiv), a. [f. L. déviat- ppl. 
stem + -IVE.] Causing or tending to deviation or 
deflexion. 


1878 Lockyer Stargazing 400 A crown-glass ‘prism is 


, yse, 
lesse cold, Should kindle fyre by wonderful de ! 1600 

i . full of osble deuise. 
1601 Hoitanp Pliny i 
inuention of mony, 162 
worke, nor deuice, nor know 

ue whither thou . 
ee ie to open, that [etc.]. 
istoric Americans (1871) 15 Much of our 

..is of his [Franklin's] device. 


nor wisedome in 
Rk T. Hersert 7¥av. 196 
1858 T. Parker 
social machinery 


¢1400 Destr, Troy 1576 The sydes .. 


+e. A contrived shape Sy gay ee " 
a1400-s0 Alexander 359 Pis grete .. In a dredfu! 
deuys, a dragons forme. 

+2. Purpose, intention. Ods. (orig. devis). 

€ 1320 Sir Benes 1887 To sire Beues a smot therwith 
sterne strok: Ac a fallede'Of his diuls And in the heued 
smot Trenchefis. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Devyce, purpose, 


‘DEVICE. 


seria. 1848 Haut Chron. 75 b, When he had thus ordered 
his affaires accordyng to his device and ordre. 

3. Will, pleasure, inclination, fancy, desire. In 
earlier use chiefly in phr. at one’s (own) device 
(OF. a mon, ton, etc. devis|; later only in pl.; 
now only in phr. eft ¢o one’s own devices, etc., 
where it is associated with sense 6. (orig. devis). 

a1300 Cursor M, 11576 (Cott.) Pat he ne suld rise, Al at 
his aun deuise, 1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 11786 Hyt 
ys sloghenes and feyntes To take penaunce at by dyuys. 
c1450 Crt. of Love xii, No sapphire of Inde, no ruby rich 
of price There lacked than..ne thing to my devise. 1523 
Lp. Berners Fro?ss. 1. cccxcviii. 691 They. .toke a place of 
grounde at their deuyse, abyding their enemyes. 1552 Bz. 
Com. Prayer Gen. Conf., We , oa folowed to much the 
deuyses [ed. 1607 devices] and desyres of our owne heartes. 
1599 Sanpys Europzx Spec. (1632) 38 Loosing and knitting 
marriages, by devise at pleasure. 1611 Biste Yer. xviii. 12 
We will walk after our own deuices. 1648 Mitton /’s. 
Ixxxi. 52 Their own conceits they follow’d still, Their own 
devises blind. 1870 Mrs. H. Woop G. Canterbury's Will 
xy, What would you do, if left to your own devices? 

+b. Will or desire as expressed or conveyed to 
another; command, order, direction, appointment. 
Chiefly in phr. a¢ (some one’s) device. Obs. (Cf. 
DEVISE v. 3.) (ME. devis; OF. devise.) 

1307 Elegy Edw. J iv, That hit he write at mi devys 
[rime pris). 1325 Coer de L. 1439 Lokes that ye doo be 
my devys. 1440 /pomydon 716 Full feyre he dyd his ser- 
vyse, And servyd the Tass at hyr devyse. c1470 Henry 
Wallace vu. 1150 Scho graithit hir apon a gudlye wis, 
With gold and ger and folk at hir dewis. /é/d. x. 473 The 
Bruce askyt ; ‘ Will thow do my dewyss ?’ 1523 Lp. BerNrrs 
Froiss. I. cxlv. 173, I am natte determynedde to folowe his 
deuyse and ease [faire & sa devise ne & son aise). 1535 
Stewart Cron, Scot. I. 396 God .. At his devyiss all thing 
in erth is done. 1535 CoverpaLe Dax. iv. 24 It is the very 
deuyce of him yt is hyest of all. 

+4. Opinion, notion; what one thinks about 
something. Sometimes it may mean ‘opinion 
offered, advice, counsel’. Obs. (In 15th c. devi's 
and devise. OF. devise, opinion, sentiment.) 

e325 £. FE. Allit, P. A. 199 Bounden bene Wyth be 
myryeste margarys at my deuyse pat euer I se3 3et with myn 
yjen. 1398 Gower Conf. I. 278 As thou shalt here my devise, 
‘Thou might thy self the better avise. c1g00 Row. Rose 651 
For certes at my devys Ther is no place in Paradys So 
good. cx1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxix, Thenne iche 
mon sayd thayre deuise. c1430 Lypc. Hors, Shepe, & GC. 
86 Pees to profyr, as to my Devyce, Makythe no delaye. 
©1435 Zorr. Nei ged 779 Now wolle ye telle me your 
devyce, That how I may govern me? c 1450 St. Cuthbert 
(Surtees) 2698 As a woman war vnwyse Pus sho spird him 
hir deuyse. 1568 Grarron Chron. II. 395 When the Duke 
of Norffolk had heard fully his device, he tooke it not in 
c parte. 1594 2nd Pt. Contention (1843) 125, I prethe 

icke let me heare thy deuise. 

+5. Familiar conversation, talk, chat. Os. [OF. 
and mod.F. devise.) 

c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xli. 153 Blanchardyn. .talked 
wyth the kynge .. his fader And as they were thus in de- 
uyses [etc.]. ¢x500 Medusine lix. 348 After many playsaunt 
deuyses and joyfull wordes, they wesshed theire handes and 
sette them at dyner. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. 
(1586) 127 To entertaine them with familiar device, as the 
fashion in Fraunce and other places is. 1600-10 in Shaks. 
C. Praise 40 What for your businesse, news, device, foolerie 
and libertie, I never dealt better since I was a man. 

6. Something devised or contrived for bringing 
about some end or result; an arrangement, plan, 
scheme, project, contrivance; an ingenious or 
clever expedient; often one of an underhand. or 
evil character ; a plot, stratagem, trick. 

c1ago S. Eng. Leg. I. 381/156 ‘Sire,’ he seide, ‘mi deuis 
pou schalt here i-seo: halle ichulle furst arere.’ 1494 
Fasyan Chron. vu. 358 All was done according to theyr 
former deuyse. SOVERDALE Ps. xxi. 11 They. .ymagined 
soch deuyces, as they were not able to perfourme. 
Hatt Chron. 12 This devise so much pleased the sedicious 
congregation. /d7d., 48 b, This device of fortifying an armye 
was at this tyme fyrst invented. did. 158b, To set open 
the fludde gates of these devises. 1553 T. Witson Rhet. 7 
His pollicies and wittie devises in behove of the publique 
weal. 1568 Bite (Bishops’) 2 Cor. ii. 11 We are not ignor- 
ant of his deuises [1611 denices]. 1601 SHaks. 7we/. N. 11. 
iii. 176 Excellent, I smell a deuice. 1603 Knotts Hist. 
Turks (1638) 140 The Captaine .. declared to him his whole 
deuise. 1 RIESTLEY Corrupt. Chr. 1. 1. 104 By this 
happy device .. [they] screen themselves. 1843 Macautay 
Lays Anc. Rome Pref, (1864) 25 The device by which Elfleda 
was substituted for her young mistress. 

7. concr. The result of contriving; something 
devised or framed by art or inventive power; an 
invention, contrivance ; esf. a mechanical contri- 
vance (usually of a simple character) for some 
particular purpose. 

c1325 E. E. Allit. P. A. 139, I hoped be water were a de- 
uyse Bytwene myrpez by merez made. 1§70 Der Math. 
Pref. 35 He alone, with his deuises and engynes .. spoyled 
and discomfited the whole Army. 1577 B. Goocr Heres- 
bach's Husb, 1. (1586) 41 b, The devise was, a lowe kinde of 
Carre with a couple of wheeles, and the Front armed with 
sharpe Syckles, which forced by the beast through the 
Corne, did cut downe al before it. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. (1677) 120 To remedy which they have devices like 
Turrets upon the tops of their Chimneys to suck in the air 
for refreshment. 1874 Knicur Dict. Alech. 1, 218/1 The 
devices for baling cut hay. 1884 [See Drvit sé, 8). 

b. Used of things non-material. 

1529 More Su/plic. Soulys Wks. 326/2 This icion is 
nether our deuise nor ani new founden fantasy, but a ver 
trueth well perceiued. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay Ep. Ded. 
5 It is not a deuise of man as other Religions are. 1614 


1548 © 


283 


| Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat, Ep. Ded. A iij, It was a mad con- 
| ceit .. That an huge Giant beares up the earth ..If by this 
| devise he had meant onely an Embleme of Kings. 

| 8. Something artistically devised or framed ; a 

fancifully conceived design or figure. 

| 1399 Lanct. Rich. Redeles iii. 178 In quentise of clothinge 
| ffor to queme sir pride..and iche day a newe deuyse, it 
|. dulleth my wittis. 1465 A/ann. & Househ. Exp. 490 My 
'“ master bout of Arnold gooldsmythe a dyvyse of goold for | 
mastres Margret. 1555 EpeN Decades 159 Curiously buylded | 


A 


| 
| with many pleasaunt diuises. 1665 Sir I, Hersert 77vav. 
(1677) 119 The glass .. curiously painted with such knots 
| and devices as the Jews usually make for ornament. 1821 
| Craic Lect. Drawing i. 21 A practice of painting, in curious 
| devices and figures. the coffins destined for the dead. 1879 | 
| H. Puriuws Notes Coins 1 The most modern [coins] present 
| complicated and intricate devices. 
| 9. spec. An emblematic figure or design, esp. one 
borne or adopted by a particular person, family, 
etc., as a heraldic bearing, a cognizance, etc. : 
usually accompanied by a motto. 
€13850 Will. Palerne 3222 Pat i haue a god schel[d]..& wel 
& faire wib-inne a werwolf depeynted .. be quen pan dede 
comaunde to crafti men i-nowe, pat deuis him were di3t er 
pat day eue. ¢1385 Cuaucer L.G. IW. 1272 Dido, And beryn 
in hise devysis io hire sake, Not I nat what. 1489 Caxton 
Faytes of A. WwW. xv. 276 They take armes att theyre owne | 
wylle and suche a deuyse as them plaiseth, wherof som 
grownde. .the same upon theyre name. 1581 Petrie Guazzo’ 
Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 108 b, A Carcanet of golde. .whereon 
bravelie set forth the devise or armes of the Academie. 
1602 Marston Ant. & Alel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 55, I did send 
for you to drawe me a devise, an Imprezza, by Sinecdoche 
a Mott. I wold haue you paint me for my device a good 
fat legge of ewe mutton. 1608 Snaxs. Per. u. ii. 19 The 
| deuice he beares vpon his shield Is a blacke Ethyope, 
reaching at the sunne. The word, Lax tua vita mihi. 
1651 Hoses Leviath. 1. x. 45 Shields painted with such 
Devises as they pleased. 1790 Pennant London 116 (R.) 
With the hart couchant under a tree, and other devices of | 
Richard II. 1862 Burton Bh. Hunter (1863) 63 The devices | 
or trade emblems of special favourites among the old printers. 
b. A motto or legend borne with or in place of 
such a design. 
| 1724 Swiet Drafier’s Lett. vi, | observed the device upon | 
his coach to be Libertas et natale solum. * 1759 Rowertson | 
Hist. Scot. vu. (an. 1587', Repeating..sentences which she | 
borrowed from some of the devices then in vogue: az fer, | 
aut feri [etc.). 1851 Loner. ‘#-xcelsior’, A banner with the 
strange device, ‘ Excelsior !’ 

10. A fanciful, ingenious, or witty writing or 
| expression, a ‘conceit’, Obs. or arch. 

1576 GascoicNe Notes making of verse § 1 in Steele Gl. 
| (Arb.) 31 By this adiguiéd sadis, | meane some good and fine 
| deuise, shewing the quicke capacitie of a writer. 1576 
| Fieminc Panopl. Fpist. 342 In versifying .. his devises are 
| 
| 
| 


not darkened with mystie cloudes .. the conveiaunce of his | 
matter is manifest. 1645 Avagidom’s Weekly Post 16 Dec. | 
76 This is the man who would have his device alwayes in | 
his sermons, which in Oxford they then called conundrums. 
1768 Beattie Mizstr. 1. lii, Ballad, jest, and riddle’s quaint | 
device. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 193 Some droll 
and merry device. 

11. Something devised or fancifully invented for 
dramatic representation ; ‘a mask played by pri- 
vate persons,’ or the like. arch. or Obs. 

1588Suaks. Z. L. L. v. ii. 669 But I will forward with my 
deuice. 1590 — Mids. N. v. 1. 50 The riot of the tipsie 
Bachanals .. That isan old deuice, and it was plaid When 
| I from Thebes came last. 1607 —- 7702 1. ti. 155 You 
| haue..entertain’d me with mine owne deuice. 1635 SHIRLEY 
| Coronat. (T.) Masques and devices, welcome! 1789 Burney 
Hist. Mus. U1. iv. 273 Baltazar de Beaujoyeux .. having 
published an account of his devises in a book. 1812 Byron 
Ch, Har. 1. \xvii, Devices quaint, and frolics ever new. 


+12. Phrases. At device, to device {OF. a-devis, 
@ devise|: at or to one’s liking or wish ; perfectly, 
completely, entirely, certainly. A¢ all device, in 
all respects, completely, entirely (cf. pozzt-device) 
Obs. 


1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 264 For mynerfe ay wes wont to 
serfe Hym fullely at all deuiss. /ééd. x1. 348 The king... 
wes vicht and viss And richt vorthy at all deuiss. 1375 
Sc. Leg. Saints, Clemens 628 Clement .. empleysit wele in 
godis serwice In althinge, at al dewise. c1385 CHauceR 
L. G. W. 1206 Dido (Tanner), Up on a courser .. Sit Eneas 
lik phebus to deuyse So was he freish arayed in his wise. 
a@ 1420 Hoccieve De Reg. Princ. 404 He is a noble prechour 
at device. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4141 With thire 
Armures this knyght faght so wele at devis. ¢ 1475 Partenay 
479 A litel his colour cam, vnto deuise. cxs00 Melusine 
xxi, 126 He is moche fayre & wel shapen of membres, & 
hath a face to deuyse, except that one of his eyen is hyer 
sette than the other is. 1513 Douc.ias Afneis x. ix. 85 The 
Troiane prynce .. with his brand hym brytnys at devys, In 
maner of ane offerand sacryfys. 

Device, obs. form of Devise v. and sd. 

Devi'ceful, a. Now rare. [f. prec. + -FUL.] 
Full of, or characterized by, device, ingenuity or 
invention ; ingenious, ‘cunning’, ‘ curious’. 

1590 SPENSER Teares of Muses 385 The devicefull matter 
of my song. 1596 — F. Q. v. iii. 3 To tell the glorie of the 
feast .. The goodly service, the devicefull sights .. Were 
worke fit for an herauld. 1606 Marston Parasitaster ut. i, 
Oh quick, deviceful, strong-brain’d Dulcimel, Thou art too full 
‘of wit to be a wife. 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 1. 206 A carpet, 
rich and of deviceful thread. 16ax Quartes Argalus 
& P. (2656) 24 The quaint Impresas their deviseful shows. 
1681 H. More in Glanvill Sadducismus 1. Poster. (1726) 18 
In his deviceful imagination. 3 

Hence Devi'cefully (+ devisefully) adv., in- 
geniously, ‘cunningly’ ; Devicefulness. 

1631 Donne Poens (1650! 77 The Alphabet Of flowers, 


DEVIL. 


how they devisefully being set And bound up, might .. 
Deliver errands mutely, and mutually. 1894 Leberal 17 
Nov. 3/2 It was from the Germans that the Japs derived 
all their discipline and devicefulness. 

Devi-celess, «. [f. as prec. +-LEss.] With- 
out a device (in various senses: see the sb.). 

1866 Ruskin Grown Wild Olive Pref. 27 Yo teach that 
there is no device in the grave may .. make the deviceless 
person more contented in his dulness. 1884 ‘Tram Nez 
Lucian 130 That coin of language’which .. has been worn 
down to an unmeaning counter, deviceless and legendless. 

+ Devi-ct, // a. Olds. [ad. L. devict-us, pa. 
pple. of devincére to subdue, f. DE- 1. 3 + vineere to 
conquer.] Subdued, overcome. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 205 A region .. where the 
Wandalynges were devicte. 1541 Becon News out of Heaven 
Early Wks. (1843) 46 Ready to be devict and overcome. 
c1gso Anighthood & Battle (MS. Cott. Vitus, A. xxiii. 1) 6 
For mightily what man may renne and lepe, May well 
devicte and saf his party kepe. [But here perhaps a verb]. 

Devide, devident, etc., obs. ff. Divine, ete. 

Devil (de'v'l, dewil), s4. Forms: 1 diobul, 
dioful, déoful, 1-2 déofol, 2-3 deofel, 2-5 
deouel, 3-5 deuel, 4-7 deuil, devel, 6-7 divel, 
6- devil. Also 1 dioful, déoful, 0th. diowul, 
diowl, dioul, diwl, deuil), 3 diefel, Or. de/o)- 
fell, 3-4 dieuel, 4 dyevel, 5 dewill, -elle, dyuell, 
5-6 devell, devyl, -yll(e, deuyl(1, 5-7 deuill, 6 
diuill, 6-7 diuel(1, divel(1, 8-9 @a/. divul, Sv. 
deevil; monosyllabic 4-5 deul, dele, del, 5 dewle, 
dwill, dwylle, delve, 5-6 dule, 7 de’el, 8-9 Sc. 
deil, Exmoor doul, Lancash. dule. Plural 1 
déoflu, 2 deofle, deoflen, deflen, 2-3 deulen, 
5 develyn; 1 vorth. diules, 2 deofles, deoules, 
deuules, deules, doules, 3 Ovm. de(o)fless, 4 
devles, devels, etc.; ge. pl. 1-3 déofla, 3-4 
devele ; dat. fl. 1 déoflum, 2 deoflan, -en. 
[OE. déofo/, etc., corresponding to Olris. dovel, 
OS. diutul, -tal, diobol, diabol, diuvil (MDu. 
diivel, dievel, Du. duivel, MLG., LG. diivel), 
OHG. tuval, ttoval, tiufal (Notker), dzuval, 
diufal (Tatian, Otfrid), MHG, éuvel, revel, Hiufel, 
tiefel, Ger. teufel; ON., Icel. djofull (Sw. djefvul, 
Da.djevel); Goth. déabaulus, diabulus, immediately 
a. Gr. d:aBodos, in Jewish and Christian use ‘the 
Devil, Satan’, a specific application of 6:a4Bodos 
“accuser, calumniator, slanderer, traducer’, f. da- 
Bade to slander, traduce, 7. to throw across, f. 
6:4 through, across + BadAew to cast. “The Gr. word 
was adopted in L. as dzabolus, whence in the mod. 
Romanic langs., It. déavolo, Sp. diablo, Pg. diabo, 
Pr. diablo, diable, ¥, diable; also in Slavonic, OSlay. 
diyavolii, diyavolii, etc. In Gothic the word was 
masc., as in Greek and Latin; the plural does not 
occur; in OHG. it was masc. in the sing., occasion- 
ally neuter in the plural; in OE. usually masculine, 
but sometimes neuter in the sing., regularly neuter 
in the plural deofol, deoflee; but the Northumbrian 
Gospel glosses have masculine forms of the plural. 

‘The Gothic word was directly from Greek ; the forms in 
the other Teutonic langs. were partly at least from Latin, 
and prob. adopted more or less independently of each other. 
‘Thus ON. djofudd regularly represents an original datas. 
OE. divbul, déoful, déofol can also be referred to an earlier 
diatiul, diavol (cf. It. diavole), éo coming, through Z, from 
earlier fa. The OE. a@éo- would normally give modern ¢é-, 
exemplified in 15th c., and in mod. Sc. and some Eng. 
dialects, but generally shortened at an earlier or later date 
to dev- or div-. In some, especially northern, dialects, the 
z was early vocalized or lost, leaving various monosyllabic 
forms, of which mod.Sc. dez/, and Lancashire d/e are types. 

The original Greek 6:éBoA0s was the word used by the 
LXX to render the Heb. joy satan of the O.T.; in the 
Old Latin version it was regularly retained as diabolus ; 
but Jerome substituted Satan, which is thus the reading of 
the Vulgate everywhere in the Canonical books, except int 
Ps, cviii. (cix.)6 (the Psalter in the Vulgate being the Galli- 
can version from the LX X). Wyclif translating the Vulgate, 
has in this place ‘the deuell’, but elsewhere in O.T. ‘Sathan’; 
the 16-17th c. Eng. versions have ‘ Satan’ throughout after 
the Hebrew.] F 

1. Zhe Devil [repr. Gr. 6 &:aBodos of the LXX and 
New Test.]: In Jewish and Christian theology, the 
proper appellation of the supreme spirit of evil, the 
tempter and spiritual enemy of mankind, the foe of 
God and holiness, otherwise called Satan. 

He is represented as a person, subordinate to the Creator, 
but possessing superhuman powers of access to and influ- 
ence over men. He is the 4eader or prince of wicked 
apostate angels, and for him and them everlasting fire is 
prepared (Matt. xxv. 41). - 

Besides the name Satan, he is also called Beelzebud, 
Lucifer, Apoilyon, the Prince of darkness, the Evil One, 
the Enemy of God and Man, the Arch-enemy, Arch-fiend, 
the Old Serpent, the Dragon; and in popular or rustic 
speech by many familiar terms as Old Nick, Old Simmiie, 
Old Clootie, Old Teaser, the Old One, the Old lad, etc. 

(In this the original sense the word has no plural.) 

a 800 Corpus Gloss. 1457 (O. EF. V.) Orcus, hel diobul. ¢ 825, 
Vesp. Hymns xiii. 4 Done dioful biswac. ar1o00 Juliana 
460 ie? Hyre pat deofol oncwad. a@ 1000 Solomon & Sat. 
122 (Gr.) Him bid pet deofol lab. c1o0o Ags. Gosf. John 
viii. 44 Ge synd deofles bearn. ¢ 1160 //atton Gosp. Matt. 
iv. 5 Da 3ebrohte se deofel hine on pa halzan ceastre. @1175 
Cott. Hom. 237 Al folc 3ede in to pes diefles mude. ¢ 1200 
“Trin, Coll. Hom. 35 luste pe defles s tes pa 

-2 


DEVIL. 


midd 
Leg. 1. 62/294 Pat was peruse of helle. @1310 in Wi 
Lyric P. xxxix. 111 Ici i 


1450 
St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7170 to ir bai did euill, And 

af occasion to pe deuill. a 1535 Fisner Wks. (1876) 402 To 

forsake the diuel and all his works. 1571 Campion Hist. 
Tre. iv. (1633) 13 So wee say. .dile for divill, a“ FLeminc 
Panopl. Epist. 277 As mad as the divel of hell. 1577 B. 
Gooce Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 46b, Where a man 
must deale with the Devil. 1596 SHaxs. Merch. V. 1. 
iii. 99 The diuell can cite Scripture for his pu . 1604 
Jas. | Counterdl. (Arb.) 100 Why do we not denie God and 
adore the Deuill as they doe. 1638 Sin T. Hersert 77av. 
(ed. 2) 302 The Samoreen .. black as the devill, and as 
treacherous. @1652 Brome Queene's Exch. u. iii. Wks. 
1873 III. 490 He looks So damnably as if the Divel were at 
my elbow. 1738 Swirt Polite Convers. 97 That would have 
been a Match of the Devils making. 18127 Coppett H’ks. 
XXXII. 150, I defy the Attorney General, and even the 
Devil himself, to produce from my writings any one essay, 
which is not written in the spirit of peace. 1828 CartyLe 
Misc., Burns (1857) 1. 212 The very Devil he cannot hate 
with pighe orthodoxy. 1846 TreNcH Mirac. y. (1852) 159 
All gathers up in a person, in the devil, who has a kingdom, 
as God has a kingdom. 

b. According to medieval notions: cf. 3. 

c12g0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 245/165 In fourme of a fair womman 
pe deuel cam heom to. /did. 372/174 And pe Aungel heom 
scheuwede al a-brod pene deuel ase huy stude, Pe fourme 
of a grislich man pat al for-broide were And swarttore bane 
euert ani blou3man., . Fuyrie speldene al stinkende out of is 
mouth he blaste And fuyr of brumston at his nose. 1563 
W. Furke Meteors (1640) 10b, ‘There was newes come to 
London, that the Devill..was seene flying over the Thames. 
1603 Suaks. Meas. for M.11. iv. 16 Let's write good Angell on 
the Deuills horne "Lis not the Deuills Crest. 1681 GLANVILL 
Sadducismus uu. 1, The Devil .. appeared to her in the 
shape of a handsome man, and after of a black dog.  /dii. 
xxviii, Declares that the Devil in the shape of a black man 
lay with her in the Bed .. that his feet were cloven. 1805 
Nicuotts Let, in Corr. w. Gray (1843) 45 He thought that 
Milton had improved on Tasso’s devil by giving him neither 
horns nor a tail. cx8g0 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 
(1884) ILI. xxvii. 215 By his bad character and ill-looking 
appearance, like the devil with his tail cut off. 1868 Brown- 
inc King & Bk. w. 1296 The devil appears himself, Armed 
and accoutred, horns and hoofs and tail! 

ce. In plural applied to ‘the Devil and his 
angels’, the host of fallen and evil spirits for 
whom hell was prepared : see 3. 

2. From the identification of the devions, daipdria, 
daipoves, of the Septuagint and New Testament 
with Satan and his emissaries, the word has been 
used from the earliest times in English, as equiva- 
lent to or including DrMon (sense 2), applied a. 
(in Scripture translations and references) to the 
false gods or idols of the heathen; b. (in Apo- 
crypha and N. Test.) to the evil or unclean spirits by 
which demoniacs were possessed; ¢. in O. Test. 
translating Heb, DYYYY hairy ones, ‘ satyrs’. 

In the Vulgate, as in Gr., diabolus and demon are quite 
distinct; but the Gothic of Ulfilas already uses unhulpa 
(Ger. unhold) to render both words, and in all the modern 
languages, devil, or its cognate, is used for demon as well 
as for diabolus : see Demon. 

& c8as Vesp. Psalter xcvi). 5 Fordon alle godas dioda 
Sioful, dryhten sodlice heofenas dyde. axx75 Cott. Hom. 
227 An me3ie cynn pe nefer ne abeah to nane deofel 3yld. 
1340 Cursor M. 11759 (Trin.) Alle po deueles [Coft. ides : 
Fair/, mawmettes) in a stounde Grouelynge fel to pe grounde. 
1382 Wycuir Ps. cvi. 37 Thei offriden ther sones and ther 

loztris to deuelis. [6x1 deuils, (R.V.) demons. So 
Deut. xxxii. x7). — Acts xvii, 18 A tellere of newe 
deuelis [age of newe fendis; 1526 Tinpate, a tyddynges 
brynger off new devyls ; 3587 Geneva of newe Gods; 1612 
of strange gods; 1881 (R.V.) strange gods (Gr. demons)). 
— Rev. ix. 20 Thei worschipeden not deuels, and simu- 
lacres golden, treenen, the whiche nether mowen see, nether 
heere, nether wandre. 1555 WaTREMAN Fardle Facions u. 
x. 210 He. .abolished all te” yn of deuilles, 1638 Six T, 
Herserr 7'rav. 335 This Devill (or Molech) is of concave 

pper .. double guilded. —" ‘Temples, wherein they 
number 3333- little guilded Devils. 1 Litton P. L.1. 373 
Devils to adore for deities. 1881 N. ‘I. (R.V.) 1 Cor. x. 20 
The things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to 
devils (marg, Gr. demons), and not to G 

b. £950 indisf. Gosp. Matt. ix. 34 In aldormenn diowbla 
he) fordrifes diowlas. c975 Rushw. G. ibid., In aldre deofla 

e ut-weorped deoful. ¢ 1000 Ags G, ibid., On deofla ealdre 
he drifd ut deoflu. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 39 Ure drihten 
drof fele deules togedere ut of a man .. and Be swin urnen 
alse deulen hem driuen, 1382 Wycuir A/a?t. ix. 34 In the 

ince of deuelis he castith out deuilis. — Yohn x. 20 

ath a deuel, and maddith, or wexith w —1 Tim. iv. 
1 3yuynge tent to spiritis of errour, and to techingis of 
deuels. — Rev. xvi. 14 Thre vncleene spirites .. sotheli 
thei ben spirites of deuelis, makinge signes. 1548 Upatt 
etc., Erasm, Par, Fohn 73», He hathe the Deuell (say 
they) and is madde. 1604 C 


‘anons Ecclesiastical \xxii. 
Neither shal any Minister not licensed .. attempt .. to cast 
out any deuill or deuils. 16x Bisex YoAn x. 20 He hatha 
deuill and is av Be. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 
18 The ejection of Divells by fasting and prayer, 1881 


| diablesse. 


284. 


N. T. (R. V.) Afatt. ix. 34 By the prince of the devils 
ae out devils imwange’ accent 
a ee 14 And ape 1p shul deueles 
asse, a a man. 
" Babilon fel doun fel onthe is maad 
the habitacioun of deuelis [1611 deuils]. (Cf. Isa. xiii. 2.) 
[1607 Torsett Four-f Beasts 11 The 
and seldome seene Beast, hath occasioned others to thinke 
it was a Deuill .. and it may be that Deuils haue at some, 
time appeared to men in this likenes.] 
d. fig. A baleful demon haunting or possessing 
the spirit; a spirit of melancholy; an apparition 
seen in delirtum tremens: see BLUE DEVIL. 


cx 
[1388 


—- Rev. xviii. 2 Greet 


_ 8. Hence, generically, A malignant being of 


angelic or superhuman nature and powers ; one of 
the host of Satan, as ‘ prince of the devils’, sup- 
posed to have their proper abode in hell, and thence 
to issue forth to tempt and injure mankind ; a fiend, 
ademon. Also, applied to the malignant or evil 
deities feared and worshipped by various heathen 
people (cf. 2 a). 

In medizval conception, devils (including Satan himself) 
were clothed with various hideous and grotesque forms; 
their usual appearance, however (still more or less retained 
in art), was derived from the satyrs of Koman mythology, 
or from the figure attributed to Pan, being a human form 
furnished with the horns, tail, and cloven foot of a goat. 

Beowulf 757 Wolde on heolster fleon, secan deofla zedrxg. 
Jbid. 1680 Hit on ht zehwearf aefter deofla hryre, Denizea 
frean. ax1o00 Crist 1531 (Cod. Exon. 30b) On bet deope 
dz] deofol zefeallad. c117§ Lamb. Hom. 87 Ure ifan pet 
beod pa deofles beod bisencte in to helle. c 1200 77in. Coll. 
Hom, 69 Wited 3e..in pat eche fur pat is 3arked to deuules 
and here fereden. /fd. 173 Hie ised bineden hem deflen 
pe hem gredeliche ke ¢1200 OxMIN 1403 Alle pa patt 
fellenn swa pe33 sirmdenn labe deofless. /4id. 10565 Deofle 
floce. c1ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 37 104 Pere nis no deuel pat 
dorre noupe nei3z be come, for drede. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Sed. 
IVks. 111. 450 A veyn blast of a fool, and, in cas, of a devyl. 
1393 Lanci. P. PL C. xxu. 21 For alle deorke deoueles 
dreden hit to huyre. c1430 //ymns Virg. (1867) 121 Develyn 
schall com oute off helle. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Divell she, 
at Fisher | %s. (1876) 428 Thou shalt 

yay thine owne debtes amongest the diuils in hell. x 
Vinzet Four Scoir Thre Quest. § 70 Wks. 1888 I. Fi | 
Ane terribill cumpany of dewlis hastalie apperand to him. 
1602 Narcissus (2893). 330 The haire of the faire queene of 
devills, 1605 Z. Jones tr. De Loyer's Specters title-p., The 
Nature of Spirites, Angels, and Divels. 1632 Lirncow 
Trav. 1x. 404 The Italians swore, I was a Divell and not 
aman. a1646 J. Grecory Posthuma (1649) 96 This Lilith 
was ..a kinde of shee-divel which killed children. 
Fryer Acc. E. [ndia & P. 1. v, 180 The visible appear- 
ance of a Devil or Daemon which they say is common 
among them, 1842 TENNYSON St. Simeon Stylites 4 Scarce 
meet For troops of devils. 1879 M. D, Conway Desmonol. 
I. 1. iv, 36 A devil. .a being actuated by simple malevolence. 

4. transf. Applied to human beings. a. A human 
being of diabolical character or qualities ; a malig- 
nantly wicked or cruel man; a ‘fiend in human 
form’; in ME. sometimes a man of gigantic stature 
or strength, a giant. 

e960 Lindisf. Gosp. John vi. 70 Ic iuih tuelfo Zeceas & of 
juh an diul [Aushw. diowul) is. ax1g4 O. £. Chron. an 1137 
Pa fylden hi mid deoules & yuele men. ¢ 1205 Lay. 17669 He 
. .wende anan rihte in to Winchastre swulc hit weore an hali 
mon, be hadene deouel. cx1g00 Kom. Rose 4288 An olde 
vecke .. The which devel, in hir enfaunce Hadde lerned 
of Loves arte. ¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 407 At thus 
with wrang. thir dewillis suld bruk our land. c1goeo 
Melusine xxxvi 256 Ayeynst this strong dyuell I ne may 
withstand. 1509 Hawes /ast. Pleas. xxix. (Percy Soc.) 136 
Some develles wyll theyr husbandes bete. 1604 SHAKs. 
Oth, v. ii. 132 Thou do'’st bely her, and thou art a diuell, 
1608-11 Be. Hace Medit. & Vows 1. § 6 That olde slaunder 
of early holiness: A young Saint, an olde Devill : sometimes 
young Devils have prooved olde Saints; never the contrary. 
1611 Bintr Yokx vi. 70 Haue not I chosen you twelue, and 
one of you is a deuill? 1642 Futter //oly & Prof. St. v. 
xvii. 426 Devils in flesh antedate hell in inventing torments. 
1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 82 Thou Devil! said he to Susan, 
and hast thou betray'd me. 1867 PARKMAN Jesuits N. Amer- 
ica xxii. 319 He was a savage still, but not so often a devil. 

b. In later use, sometimes, merely a term of 
reprobation or aversion ; also playfully connoting 
the qualities of mischievous energy, ability, clever- 
ness, knavery, roguery, recklessness, etc., attributed 
to Satan. 

a pg oat E i 226 iS pe Eo Fy cer 

iuell of wit. 1651 Life Father Sarpi (1676) 29 An e 
in his behaviour, and a Devil .. in the Mathematic 
1774 Gotpsm. Xetal. 57 So provoking a devil was Dick. 
1778, Sneriwan Kivads uu. iv, An ill-tempered little devil ! 
She'll be in a passion all her life. 1849 ‘THackeray Pen- 
dennis \vi, A man of great talents, who knew De deal.. 
and was a devil to play. 1854 Warrer Last ld Squires 
xvi. 151 In our forefathers’ days the term devi? (for instance, 
‘queer devil’, ‘rum devil’) a tion, 
intimating more of the knave than of the fool, but not with- 
out a strong dash of the humourist, : 

ec. Applied in contempt or pity (chiefly with 
poor): A poor wretc fellow, one in a sorry 
plight, a luckless wight. [So in It., Fr., etc.) 

1698 T. Frocer Voy. 160 The poor Devil was condemned 
to have his head off. 1768 Srerne Sent. Fourn. 
(2778) 36 (Montriu am apt to be taken .. when a poor 
devil comes to offer his service to so poor a devil as myself, 
1816 Scort Axtig. xxi, ‘ What can we do for that puirdoited 
deevil of a knight-baronet?’ 1850 Lp. Beaconsrietp Let. 
16 Nov. in Corr. w. Sister \egaed 250 pec the high Pro- 
testant horse, and making the poor devils of Puseyites the 
ee F, E. Trottore Charming Fellow 1. xiii. 
1 y should he do anything .. for a poor devil like me? 


1698 . 


DEVIL. 


d. Applied also to a vicious, evil-tempered, or 
mischievous beast. 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 44 He was the fastest 
trotter in the ta devil. 


woman.) 

1683 Moxon Mechanic Exercises 11, The Press-man some- 
times has a Week-Boy to Take Sheets, as they are Printed 
off the Tympan: These Boys do in a prey eee, 
commonly black and Dawb themselves : whence t! 
men do focosely call them Devils; and sometimes Spirits, 
and sometimes Flies. 1709 Stee.e Tatler No. FH P13 Mr. 
Bickerstaff’s Messepger, or (as the Printers call him Devil, 
grins to the Press. a 1764 Lioyp Dialogue Poet. W) 1774 

I. 4 And in the morning when I stir, Pop comes a Devil 
‘Copy Sir’. 178: Jounson 20 Apr. in Boswell, He had 
married a printer's devil. .. I thought a printer’s devil was 
a creature with a black face and in rags. .. Yes, sir: but 
1 suppose he had her face washed put clean clothes 
on her. 1836 Smart s. v. Sematology, Mr. Woodfall’s 
men, from the devil up to the reader. 1849 E. E. Narier 
Excurs. S. Africa \, p. xxviii, As neither space, time, nor 
printers devils are under con I must fore content 
myself with the above brief. . review. 

b. A junior legal counsel who does professional 
work for his leader, usually without fee. A//orney- 
General’s Devil, a familiar name of the Junior 
Counsel to the Treasury. 

Pt , Pe p. Campsett Lives Chief Fustices U1. xxxiv. 437 
He [Lord Mansfield] had signed and forgotten both opinions, 
—which were, perhaps, written by devils or deputies. 
Echo 14 Nov. (Farmer), Sir James Hannen, we are told, 
was a Devil once. 1884 Bath Frni. 12 July 8/1 Mr. Clarke 
was offered the post of ‘ devil’ to the Attorney General, and 
his declining may be said to have been without precedent. 
1888 Pall Mall G. 29 Dec. 3/1 It is * no means an un- 
common thing for an Attorney-G: 's ‘devil’, or point 
and case hunter, to be offered eae ee 4 

c. One employed by an author or writer to do 
subordinate parts of his literary work under his 
direction; a literary ‘hack’; and generally one 
who does work for which another receives the 
credit or remuneration or both. 

1888 Star 8 Aug., Certain age ae | the Early English 
Text, Chaucer, Shakspere, etc., thoug ¢ employers of 
‘ devils’, pay the highest wages. 1891 [see Devit v. 3c). 

6. fig. Applied to qualities. a. The personifi- 
cation of evil and undesirable qualities by which 
a human being eg | be possessed or actuated. 
Usually with some fig. reference to sense 2.) 

1604 Suaks. Ofh. u. iit. 297 It hath ‘d the diuell 
drunkennesse, to giue place to the di wrath. 1606 — 
Tr. & Cr. i. iii, 23, I haue said my prayers and _diuell, 
enuie, say Amen. /éid. v. ii. 55 How the diuell Luxury 
.. tickles these together. De For 7rue-born Eng. 
104 Ingratitude, a Devil of Black Renown. SnHetiey 
Cenci nu. i. 45 The devil was rebuked that lives in 1828 
Scort F. M. Perth xxx, The devil of istry, with which 
thou art possessed. 1842 Tennyson Walking to Mail 13 
Vex'd with a morbid devil in his blood. 18§5 — Sai/or Boy 
24 A devil rises in my heart, Far worse than any death to 
me. 1884 H. Broapnurst in Forts. Rev. Mar. 347 The devil 
of short-sighted greed is powerful enough if left alone. 

b. coll . Temper, spirit, or energy that can be 
roused; fighting spirit; perplexing or baffling 
strategy of attack (as in cricket). : 

1823 Gent/. Mag. Nov. 434/2 They must have Devi/ enoug! 
7‘ do salient tileen 1847 Lo. G. Bentinck in Croker 
Papers (1884) II, 156 That any nation was so without 
‘devil’ in it as to have laid down and died as tamely as the 
Trish have. 1884 Hon. I. Brion in Lillywhite’s Cricket 
Aun. 5 Evans bowled steadily, but without much ‘devil’. 

7. Used (generally with qualifications) as the 
name of various animals, on account of their char- 
acteristics, e.g. Zasmantan devil, a carnivorous 
marsupial of Tasmania (Sarcophilus ursinus) ; Sea 
Devil, the Devit-FisH: cf. also Sra-. 

1686 Ray Millon, *s Hist. Piscium m, 1. i. 85 heading, 
Rana piscatrix, ‘oad-fish or be gm or -Divel. 
r S. L. tr. beat Voy. E. Ind. 286 There is a sort of 


1799 Naval 
ius .. or Sea Devil, is a genus of the h 
er, 1832 Biscuorr Van Dieman's Land ii. 
devil, or as naturalists term it ‘dasyurus ursinus’ is ve 
roperly named. Trorrau A/aine W’.(1894) 381 ‘ Devil 
that is, Indian Devil, or cougar] about here—very 
d animal.’ 1862 Jonson Australia vii, 186 Colonists 
in Tasmania .. called it the ‘ devil’ from the havoc it made 
among their sheep and poultry. f 
b. A local name of the Swift (Cypse/us apus) ; 


uous fligh its dark colour, it is called 
(hers). —— Devil (Northumb.), Skeer Devil (Devon, 
t), Devs irene Decay evilshrit raven). 
e. A collector’s name of a tropical shell, Cyno- 
donta turbinellus. Obs. 
1776 Da Costa Elem. Conchel. 291 (Plate V, fig. 5), A 
Murex, The Devil. i 
8. A name of various instruments or mechanical 
contrivances, esp. such as work with sharp teeth or 
spikes, or do destructive work, but also applied, 


DEVIL. 


with more or less obvious allusion, to others. 


Among these are 

a. A machine used for tearing open and cleaning wool, 
cotton, flax, and other fibres, preparatory to spinning; also 
called zw7llow, willower, willy. b. A machine used to tear 
up old cloth and reduce it to ‘shoddy’, to be worked up 
again into cloth; also one used to tear up linen and cotton 
rags, etc., for manufacture into paper. c. An instrument 


( a devil of a fellow he is.] x 


used for feloniously cutting and destroying the nets of | 


fishermen at sea. d. An instrument of iron wire used by 

‘oldsmiths for holding gold to be melted in a blow-pipe 
eee e. An iron grate used for fire in the open air. 

1831 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal, Certain implements 
acting with a boss and a slit block of iron, called a devil. 
1836 ‘ G. Heap Home Tour 144 The town of Dewsbury 
. celebrated for. .grinding old garments into new; literally 
tearing in pieces fusty old rags .. by.a machine called a 
‘devil’, till a substance very like the original is reproduced. 
1851 Maynew Lond. Labour (1861) II. 30 ‘Shoddy’.. 
consists of the second-hand wool manufactured by the tear- 


ing up, or rather grinding, of woollen rags by means of | 


coarse willows, called devils. 1860 42/7 Vear Round No. 57. 
160 Where the ‘devil’ first beats the cotton from the bale. 
1867 O. W. Hotmes Guard. Angel xxv. (1891) 304 To the 
paper factory, where they have a horrid machine they call the 
devil, that tears everything to bits. 1870 Eng. Mech. 31 Dec. 
610/1 The machine .. is called a willow, or willey, vulgarly 
a devil ; it is used principally for opening raw cotton. 1872 
Manch. Guardian 24 Sept. (farmeth Mr. Powell’s Bill con- 
tains abundant powers for suppressing the vile nuisance 
known as the American Devil [steam whistle or hooter]. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech., Devil, a machine for making wood 
screws. 1879 Cassell s Techn. Educ. 1V.349/2 [He] dives into 
the recesses of his skin for the ‘devil’ which is a bunch of 
matted iron wire. 1880 7izes 13 Dec., An instrument called 
‘the Devil’ used by foreign fishermen for destroying the 
fishing nets of —— boats on the East coast. 1883 
Stonemason Jan., Dried by means of sundry coke fires 
kept burning in iron grates called ‘devils’, similar to those 
used by the Gas Company’s men in our streets. 1884 
Sat. Rev. 12 July 61/1 ‘ Devils’... are used to catch sea- 
trout in America, but Mr. Fitch justly regards ‘devils’ 
as an unsportsmanlike device. 1886 Pall Mall G. 7 Dec. 
10/1 There were exhibited in the court room three Belgian 
‘devils’ and three Belgian grapnels which had been captured 
by Lowestoft fishermen. 1887 Harper's Mag. June 119/r 
The devil, a hollow cone with spikes projecting within, 

ainst which work the spikes of a drum, dashing the rags 
fout at great speed. 1893 Sfar 15 July 3/2 ‘The machine 
for unloading grain .. not inaptly named a ‘devil’, will .. 
do the work of four gangs of dock laborers of 12 men each. 
— Daily Chronicle 7 Jan, 8/3 The match was only brought 
off at Cardiff by the extraordinary precautions for warming 
the ground by means of ‘devils’. : 

9. A name for various highly-seasoned broiled or 
fried dishes; also for hot ingredients. 

1786 Craic Lounger No. 86 Make punch, brew negus, and 
season a devil. Wo corr (P. Pindar) Peter to Tom 
Wks. 1812 I. 5 y Devil..I mean a Turkey's Gizzard 
So christen’d for its quality, by man Because so oft ’tis 
loaded with Kian. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch-bh., L’ Envoy 
(1865) 458 Another holds a curry or a devil in titter abomi- 
nation. 1828 Smeaton Doings in London (Farmer), ‘The 
extract of Capsicums or extract of Grains of Paradise is 
known in the gin-selling trade by the appellation of the 
Devil. 1830 G, Grirrin Collegians xiii, The drumstick of 
a [acy or turkey, grilled and highly spiced, was called 
a devil. ¢ 1844 THackeray Mr. § Mrs. Berry ii, The de- 
villed fowl had ..no devil in it. 1848 Paddiana (ed. 2) 1. 
50 Devils were his forte: he imparted a pungent relish to 


a 
a 


a gizzard or a drumstick ‘that set the assuaging power of | 


drink at defiance. 1889 BoLpREwoop Robbery under Arms 
(1890) 327 Let’s .. have a devil and a glass of champagne. 

10. The name of various forms of fireworks ; also 
‘a sort of priming made by damping and bruising 
gunpowder’ (Smyth Sazlors’ Word-bk.). 

1742 Fiecpinc ¥. Andrews ui. vii, The captain .. pinned 
a cracker or devil to the cassock. 1807 W. IrvinG Sa/mag. 
(1824) 135 Like a nest of squibs and devils in a firework. 
1809 Naval Chron. XXII. 203 Rockets, infernals, fire-devils. 
1836 IT. Hook G. Gurney vii, Four devils or wild-fires, such 
as we were in the habit of making at school. 

ll. The name given to sand-spouts or moving 
columns of sand in India and Eastern countries. 

1835 Burnes 7rav. Bokhara (ed. 2) III. 40 Whirlwinds, 
that raised the dust to a great height, and moved over the 
plain like water-spouts at sea. In India these phenomena 
are familiarly known by the name of devils. 1886 Burton 
Arab. Nts. 1. 99 note, Devils, or pillars of sand, vertical 
and inclined, measuring a thousand feet high, rush over the 
plain. 1889 Daily News 8 July (Farmer), Clouds of dust.. 
went whirling across the common in spiral cones like desert 
Devils. 1893 Eart Dunmore Pairs 1. 269 The amount 
of devils we saw was surprising. (Mote) Common in the 
plains of India, where they are called by the natives Bagoola. 
English people in India call them ‘devils’. 

12. Short for devil-bolt: see 24. : 

1873 PuimsoLt Our Seamen, an Appeal 37 ‘ Oh, devils are 
sham bolts, you know ; that is, when they ought to be cop- 
per, the head and about an inch of the shaft are of copper, 
and the rest-is iron’.. Seventy-three devils were found in 
one ship by one of the surveyors of Lloyd’s. 

18. aut. ‘ The seam which margins the water- 
ways on a ship’s hull’ (Smyth Satlor’s Word-bk.) ; 
“a seam between the garboard-strake and the keel’ 
(Funk and Wagnall). . 

Hence various writers derive the phrase ‘ the devil to pay 
and no pitch hot’; but this is prob. only a secondary and 
humorous application of ‘ the devil to pay’: cf. 22 j. 

14. 4 devil of a...: a diabolical example or 
specimen of a ..., one (of the things in question) 
of a diabolical, detestable, or violently irritating 
kind; passing into a mere intensive, =a deuced, 
confounded, very violent. [So F. diadle de.| 


[2749 Fietpinc Jom Yones xi. vii, You don’t know what 


285 


S. Paterson Another Trav. 
I. 345 Running downhill at the devil of a rate. 1794 Scott 
Let. to Miss Rutherford 5 Sept. in Lockhart, Both within 
and without doors, it was a devil of a day. 1819 Byron 
Fuan u. xi, A devil of asea rolls in that bay. 1822 Suet- 
Leyin 7. ZL. Peacock’s Wks. (1875) IIL. 477 A devil of a nut 
it is to crack. 1826 J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 
180 What an outlandish toozy-headed wee sunbrunt deevil 
o’ a lassie that. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sfonge’s Sp. Tour 
liv. 313 We had a devil of a run—I don’t know how many 
miles. 1869 TroLLore He Anew, etc. liv. (1878) 299 Lead 
him the very devil of a life. — Besant Demoniac v. 53 
There will be a devil of a fight when the time comes. 

15. predicatively ; Something as bad as the devil, 
as bad as can be conceived, the worst that can 
happen or be met with. [F. cest bien le diable, le 
diable est que . .) 

1710 Brit. Apollo Il. No. 60. 2/2 To quit a Yielding 
Mistress is the Devil. @1735 GranvitLe (J.), A war of 
profit mitigates the evil; But to be tax’d, and beaten, is the 
devil. 1798 Soutney Ballad of Cross Roads 7 In such a 
sweltering day as this A knapsack is the devil. 1827 Scorr 
¥Frnl, 28 June, To be cross-examined by those who have 
seem the true thing is the devil. 1885 Scribuer’s Mag. 
XXX. 734/2 These Southern girls are the very devil. 

16, Leke the devil, like devils (¥. comme le diable, 
comme tows les diables|, beside the more literal 
sense, sometimes means: With the violence, des- 
peration, cleverness, or other quality attributed to 
the devil; extremely, excessively : cf. Dianoi- 
CALLY. So in similes, e.g. as drunk as the d., 
diabolically drunk. 

1599 Suaks. //en, V. 111, vii. 162 They will eate like Wolues, 
and fight like Deuils. 1632 Lirucow 7vav. vi. 345 ‘The 
distressed Protestants .. over whom they domineered like 
Divells. 1791‘G.GamsBavo’ A x2. Horsent, ix. (1809) 106 My 
horse .. pulls like the devil. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVIII. 
39 A man is said to be.. when he is very impudent, as 
drunk as the devil. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Napoleon 
Wks. (Bohn) I, 378 He disputed like a devil on these two 
points, 

II. In imprecations, exclamations, proverbs, 
and phrases. 

17. In imprecations, wishes of evil, and the like, 
as The devil take him, etc. (Cf. similar uses with 
deuce, mischief, pest, plague, pox, etc.’ 

¢1300 Havelok 1188 Godrich hem hatede, be deuel him 
hawe! cxrq10 Sir Cleges 515 The styward seyd.. the 
dewle hym Born [=burn] on a lowe! c1460 7owneley 
Myst. (Surtees) 175 The dwille he hang you highe to dry! 
e500 Robin Hood & Potter \xxvit. in Child Baddads U1. 
v. cxxi. 113/2 The deyell spede hem, bothe bodey and 
bon. 1513 Douctas nes 1. Prol. 260 A twenty devill 
mot fall his werk at anis. 1548 Hatt Chron. 14 b, Saiyng, 
the devill take Henry of Lancastre and the together. 1600 
Suaks. A. Y. LZ. 111. ii. 225 Nay, but the diuell take mocking : 
speake sadde brow, and true maid. a@ 1652 Brome Queene’s 
Exch. i. ii. Wks. 1873 111. 485 Now the Dee’l brast crag 
of him. 1738 Swirr Polite Conv. 129 Here take it, and the 
D—I do you good with it. 1749 Fretpinc 7om Younes vu. 
xii, The devil take my father for sending me thither. 1833 
‘Tennyson 7 he Goose, ‘The Devil take the goose, And God 
forget the stranger !” 

18. To goto the devil: to go to ruin or perdition. 
In the imperative, expressing angry impatience, and 
desire to be rid of the person addressed. So fo wish 
any one at the devil, etc. [F. aller, envoyer, donner, 
étre au diable.] 

[c1394 J. MaLverne Contn. Higden: Rolls) 1X. 33 Excan- 
duit rex (Rich. II] et..dixit ei [comiti Arundel], ‘Quod si 
tu mihi imponas .. vadas ad diabolum’.] c1460 7owneley 
Myst.(Surt.)10 Go to the deville, and say I bad. ¢ 1489 Caxton 
Sonnes of Aymon iii. 102 Lete theym go to a hundred thou- 
sand devils! 1553 ‘I’. Witson X/ez. (1580) 178 All his Super- 
stition and Hypocrisie, either is or should be gone to the 
devill. 1568 Grarron Chron. II. 367 They curssed them 
betwene their teeth, saiyng : Get ye into England, or to the 
devill. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77vav. 102 Ere they could 
strangle him, he sent three of them to the Devill. 1822 
Haziirt Zadle-t., Disagreeable People (1852) 121 Whether 
they are demons or angels in themselves, you wish them .. 
at the devil. 1823 Byron Yuan x. Ixvi, When a man’s 
country’s going to the devil. 18539 H. Kincstey G. Hamlyn 
xxxii, Tom .. having told her .. to go to the devil. 1881 
W. H. Matrock Rom. 19th Cent. I. 219, I wish ., the little 
animal was at the devil. 

+19. A devil way (adv.): originally an impatient 
strengthening of Away (a being the prep., varying 
with ov, 2, and devele the genitive pl., OE. deofla) ; 
further intensified as a twenty devil way, on aller 
or alther (corrupted to al/ the) devil way, on aller 
twenty devil way. Obs. 

c1ago S. Eng. Leg. I. 203/124 Pov worst lif and soule 
a deuele wei al clene inome. 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2298 
And bad hire go, that ilche dai, On alder twenti deuel wai ! 
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2177 Ariadne, A twenty develewe 
the wynd hym dryue, ¢ 1386 — Reeve's 7. 337 And fort 
he goth a [3 AZSS. on, Hard, in] twent deal Way. c¢ 1460 
Yowneley Myst. (Surt.) 130 Go hens, harlottes, in twenty 
dewille way, Fast and belyfe! /d/d. 176, 

. +b. In later times it appears to have been taken 
more vaguely, as an expression of impatience, and 
sometimes = ‘in the devil’s name.’ Oés. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Miller's Prol, 26 Tel on, a deueleway [v.7. 
adelewey]. — Sompn. 7.534 Lat hym go honge hymself 
a[Harl. on] deuel way. — A/iller’s T. 527. — Can. Yeom. 
Prol. & T. 229. 1440 Sir Degrev.776 Go and glad thi 
est, In alther [Jvznted all the] devyl way! cx owneley 
Syst. (Surt.) ro Sit downe in the dewille way, With thi vayn 
carpyng. /éid. 18 Com downe in twenty deville way. 
2a1g00 Chester Pl., Deluge 219 Come in, wife, in 20 devills 
waye, or els stand there without. @ 1529 Sketton Hs. I. 


DEVIL. 


336 That all the worlde may say, Come downe, in the devyll 


way. 1530 Parser. 838 In the twenty devyll way, az none 
du grant diable. : : : é 
20. As an expression of impatience, irritation, 


strong surprise, dismay, or vexation. a. After an 
interrogative word, as who, what, how, where, when. 

[App. taken directly from Fr.; cf. rath c. OF. comment 
dtables! dist li rois au vis fier; diables being in the nomi- 
native (=vocative case); mod.F. gue diable faire!; in ME. 
also what devil, about 1600 often what a devil. Also in 
Ger., Du., Da. and other langs.] 

¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. IW. 2694 Hyfermestre, What devel 
have I with the knyfe to doo? ¢1440 Vork Alyst. xxxi. 237 
What the deuyll and his dame schall y now doo? 1460 
Zowneley Myst. Surtees) 114 What the deville is this? he 
has a long snowte. 1470-85 Matory 47‘hur x. xlvili, What 
deuylle doo ye in this Countrey? ¢ 1489 Caxton Sovnes of 
Aymon xix. 408 How the devyll dare ye thus speke? 1529 
More Dyalogue ut. v. Wks. 214 Why, quod he, what deuill 
rigour could thei more haue shewed? 1562 J. Heywoov 
Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 183 When the diuell will ye come in? 
1568 Grarton Chron. 11. 355 Who the devill hath senie for 
them? 1§89 PuTtennamM Avg. Poesée i, xxiii. (Arb.) 274 
What a diuell tellest thou to me of iustice? 1596 Suaks. 
1 Hen. LV, 1. ii. 6 What a diuell hast thou to do with the 
time of the day? 1670 G. H. /Vist. Cardinals 1. 11.40 How 
a Devil will the Pope observe the Decrees of a Councel ? 
1692 WASHINGTON tr. AZilton’s Def. Pop. viii. (1851) 184 
What the Devil is it to you? 1749 Fietpinc 7om Fones 
xv. v, Why, who the devil are you? 1803 tr. Ledrun's 
Afons. Botte 1. 155 What the devil business had she in the 
store-room? 1819 Byron Yuan. c, And wonders why the 
devil he got heirs. @ 1845 Hoop Ludé/ady ii, What the devil 
makes him cry? a 

b. Used interjectionally, or prefixed to a predi- 
cation. 

¢ 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surt.) 67 Dwylle! what may this 
be? Out, harow, fulle wo is me!.. A, fy, and dewyls ! 
whens cam he That thus shuld reyfe me my pawste. 1589 
Pappe w. Hatchet. Biij, She is dead: the diuell shee 
is. 1590 Suaks. Com, Err. wv. iv. 130 Will you be bound 
for nothing, be mad good Master, cry the diuell. 1709 
STEELE Zatlery No. 107 P13 ‘he Devil! He cried out, 
Who can bear it? 1832 Blackw. Alag. Jan. 63/1‘ The Pacha 
has put twelve ambassadors to death already.’ ‘The devil 
he has! and I’m sent here to make up the baker’s dozen!’ 
1854 Emerson Lett. § Soc. Aims, Comic Wks. (Bobn) III. 
209 ‘That is W,’ said the teacher, ‘The Devil!’ exclaimed 
the boy, ‘is that W?’ 

21. Expressing strong negation: prefixed to a 
substantive, as the devil a bit, the devil a penny. 

1508 KenneviE Flyting w. Dunbar 441 The deuill a gude 
thou hais! 1542 Upatt Evasi. Apoph. (1877) 132 ‘Vhe 
Deuill of the one chare of good werke they doen. 1579 
Fuike Confut. Sanders 697 ‘ Godly images leade vs to spiri- 
tuall deuotion.” The Diuel they doe. But if they did, 
yet not more then the ceremonies of the olde law. ¢ 1590 

[artowe Faust, Wks.(Rtldg.) 90/1 The devil a penny they 
have left me, but a bare pension. 160r Suaxs. 7 wed. .V. 
ul. iii, 159 ‘he diu’ll a Puritane that hee is, or any thing 
constantly, a 1661 Futrer /i/orthies (1811) 1. 386 We have 
an English expression, ‘ he Devil he doth it, the Devil he 
hath it’; where the addition of Devil amounteth only to 
a strong denial, equivalent to, ‘He doth it not, he hath it 
not.’ 1708 Mortteux Rabelais (1737) V. 221 The Devil-a- 
Bit he'll see the better. 1710 Brit. Apollo IIL. No. 78. 3/1 
The D—I was Sick, the D—1 a Monk would be, The D—I 
was Well, the D—l a Monk was he. 1828 Scott /. J/. 
Perth xxvii, The deil a man dares stir you within his 
bounds. 1832 ELxvaminer 349/1 Devil another word would 
she speak. 

22. In proverbs and proverbial phrases. 

a. The devil and all: Everything right or wrong 
(especially the wrong) ; the whole confounded lot ; 
all or everything bad: cf. also g. below. (But 
sometimes a strengthened form of sense 15.) 

1543 Bate Vet a Course, Baptyzed bells, bedes, organs. . 
the devyll and all of soche idolatrouse beggery. 1592 
Nasue P. Penilesse Aiij, Masse thats true; they say the 
Lawyers haue the deuill and al. 1606 Warner 4/6. Exg. 
xvi. cili, Be Lawyers, get the Diuelland all. 1689 Hicker- 
INGILL Ceremony-Monger Wks. 1716 Il. 507 He may get 
the Devil and all of Money, and a Purse as large as his 
Conscience. 1703 Mrs. CenTLivreE Love's Contriv. v, If 
she cou'd steal a husband, she’d have stole the Devil and 
all of Gallants. 18rz1 Eart Gower 18 Dec. in C. A. Sharpe's 
Corr. (1888) I. 508, I begin to fear that the rheumatism has 
taken possession of your right arm .. which would be the 
devil and all, as the vulgar would say. 1838 DickENs 
O. Twist xx, I needn't take this devil-and-all trouble to 
explain matters to you. 

b. Between the d. and the deep (formerly also 
Dead) sea. 

1637 Monro Exfed. 1. 55 (Jam.), I, with my partie, did 
lie on our poste, as betwixt the devill and the deep sea. 
1690 W. Wacker /diomat. Anglo-Lat. 394 Between the 
devil and the dead sea. 1721 Ketty Sc. Prov. 58 (Jam.) 
Between the Deel and the deep sea; that is between two 
difficulties equally dangerous. 1816 [see Dein 1]. 1894 
H. H. Gisss Colloguy on Currency 199 You must remember 
that he was between the devil and the deep sea. 

e. Black as the d., to paint the d. blacker than 
he ts,.and kindred expressions. Give the devil his 


-due: see DUE. 


1596 Lopce Margarite Amer. 84 Divels are not so blacke 
as they be painted . . nor women so wayward as they seeme. 
1642 Howett For. 7vav. (Arb.) 65 For the devill is not so 
black as he is painted, no more are these Noble Nations and 
Townes as they are tainted. 1654 WuITLocK Zootomia 271 
They use their Adversary according to the Preverb, painting 
the Devill blacker then he is, 1837 A. FonsLtanque £xg. 
under 7 Administ. 1. 226 That the Devil of Charles X could 
be painted blacker than his complexion would prove, — 

da. When the d. is blind: at a date infinitely 


remote, at the Greek calends, or ‘latter Lammas’. 


DEVIL. 


1662 Kump Songs (1874) 1.9 But when this comes to passe, 
say the Devil is blind. ¢1702 Bagford Ballads (1876) 5 
we will be Married, When the Devil is Blind. 1725 Baitey 
Erasm., Collog. ( 1877) 216 (D.) They will bring it when the 
devil is blind [id fret ad Calendas Grecas). 1738 Swirt 
Polite Convers.i.(v.), Nev. V’ll make you a fine present one 
of these days. J/iss. Ay, when the Devil is blind, and his 
eyes are not sore yet. . 
e. The devil's hostility to the Cross; sometimes 
with a play upon ‘cross’ as a coin. : 
@1g29 SKkeLton Bowge of Courte 35 The deuyll myghte 
daunce therin for any crowche. 1612 Suevton Quix. 1.1. vi. 
4 It is a common saying—‘The Devil lurks behind the 
hon 1627 Drayton Agincourt 82 III's the precession 
(and foreruns much losse,) Wherein men say, the Deuill 
heares the Crosse. 1636 Massincer Bashf. Lover 1. i, 
‘The devil sleeps in my pocket : I have no cross To drive him 
from it. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 209 Leaving Room in 
all our Pockets for the Devil to Dance a Saraband, for we 
had not one Cross to keep him out. 


+f. The date of the devil is opposed to the date 
of our Lord; but 72 the devil's date is also =‘in 
the devil’s name’. Ods. 

1362 Lancv. 7. Pé. A. 1.81 In pe Date of pe deuel pe 
Deede was a-selet. 1526 Sketton Maguy/. 954 What needed 
that, in the devyls date? a1seq — Sp. Parrot 439 Yet 
the date of ower Lord And the date of the Devyll dothe 
shrewdlye accord. — Bowge of Courte 375 In the devils 
date, What arte thou? 

g. Thed. and all) to do: much ado, a world of 
trouble or turmoil. 

1708 MottEeux Kaébelais v. iii, There was the Devil and all 
to do. xr71% Swiet Jrul. to Stella 17 Nov., This being 
queen Elisabeth's birthday, we have the d and all to do 
among us. 1722 ArsuTHNOT John Bull in. v, Then there 
was the devil and all to do: spoons, plates, and dishes flew 
about the room like mad. 1716 Swirt PAillis 39 See here 
again the devil todo. ax1774 Gotpso. tr. Scarron's Comic 
Rom. (1775\ 1. 42 Here had been the devil and all to do. 

h. The devil’s aversion to holy water. 

1570-6 LamBarvE /’eramb. Kent (1826) 301 The olde 
Proverbe how well the Divell loveth holy water. 1738 Swirt 
Polite Convers. 149, 1 love Mr. N—, as the Devil loves 
Holy Water. fod. To hate ——, as the devil hates holy 
water, 


i. As the devil looked over Lincoln. 

(Popularly referred to a grotesque sculpture on the exterior 
of Lincoln Cathedral.) 

1562 J. Heywoop Prov. 4& Efigr. (1867) 75 Than wold ye 
looke ouer me, with stomake swolne, Like as the diuel 
lookt ouer Lincolne. a 1661 Futter Woxthies Oxf. & Linc. 
Prov. (D.). 1737 Pore Hor. Epist. u. ii. 245 Yet these are 
wights who fondly call their own Half that the Devil o’er- 
looks from Lincoln town. 1738 Swirt Podite Convers, 86 
She looked at me, as the Devil look’d over Lincoln. 

j. The devil to pay. 

Supposed to refer to the alleged bargains made by wizards, 
etc.,with Satan, and the inevitable payment to be made to 
him in the end. It has also been attributed to the difficulty 
of ‘paying’ or caulking the seam called the ‘devil’, near 
a ship's keel, whence the expanded form ‘the devil to pay 
and no pitch hot’. But there is no evidence tbat this is the 
original sense, and it has never affected the general use of 
the proverb. 

171x Swirt Yru/. to Stella 28 Sept. (Farmer), And then 
there will be the devil and all to pay. 1728 Vanar. & Cis, 
Prov. Hush. v. i. 93 In comes my Lady Townly here .. 
who..has had the Devil to pay yonder. 1738 Swirt Polite 

_ Convers. 179, | must be with my Wife on Tuesday, or there 
will be the Devil and all to pay. 1820 Byron in Moore 
Life & Lett. (1833 III. 63 There will be the devil to pay, 
and there is no saying who will or who will not be set down 
in his bill. 1837 Mrs. Cartyie ‘ett. 1. 72 Had he been 
laid up at present, there would have been the very devil to 
pay. 1892 A. Birkett Res Fudic. xii. 272 Then, indeed— 
to use a colloquial expression—there would be the devil to 


pay- 
k. 70 play the devil (the very d., the d. and all) : 
to act diabolically, do mischief, make havoc or ruin. 

1542 Boorpe Dyetary ix. (1870) 250 The malt worme 
playeth the deuyll so fast in the heade. a1s92 Greene 
Alphonsus 1, Burning towns, and sacking cities fair, Doth 
play the devil wheresome’er he comes. 1594 Suaks. Kich. 
117, 1. iii. 338 Seeme a Saint, when most Tis the deuill. 
1656 Jeanes Mixt. Schol. Div. 119 The word was incar- 
nate, and shall we play the incarnate Divels? 1811 in 
Col. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 35, I should have played the 
devil with his pheasants. 1826 Scorr ¥rn/. 15 Apr., A bad 
report from that quarter would play the devil. 1833 MArryaT 
P. Simple xxxviii, Salt water plays the devil with a uniform. 
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xvi, Your firm and determined 
paneer ..to play the very devil with everything and 
everybody. 
* 1. Speak or talk of the d., and he will appear. 

ne Cataplus, a mock Poem 72 (in Hazlitt Prov.) Talk 
of the Devil, and see his horns. a17ax Prior //ans Carvel 
71 Forthwith the Devil did appear, For name him and he’s 
always near. 1738 Swirr /oltte Conv. 1 He's just comin 
towards us. Talk of the Devil! 1853 Trencun Prove 
vi, To talk as little about the devil .. as they can; lest he 
a r. 1893 G. ALLEN Scallywag I. 10 ‘Talk of the devil ! 
~— Here comes Thiselton !' 

m. Zhe d. among the tailors: a row going on 

(see Farmer Slang Dict. s.v.); also a game. 

1834 Lv. Lonponperry Let. 27 May in Court Will. 1V & 
Victoria (1861) \1. iv. 98 Reports are various as to the state of 
the enemy's camp, but all agree that there is the devil among 
the tailors. 185: Mavuew Lond. Labour (1861) Il. 17 
A game known as the ‘ Devil among the tailors’. . a top was 
set spinning on a long board, and the result nded upon 
the number of men, or ‘tailors’, knocked down by the‘ devil’ 
(top) of each player. 

n. In other expressions epee | self-explanatory). 

To pull the devil by the tail(F. tirer le diable par la queue) : 


to be in difficulties or straits. 70 whip the devil round the 


| 


286 


stump(U.S.): ‘ to get round or dodge a difficulty or dilemma 
by means of a fabricated or expl. ion (Cent. Dict.) 
1553 I. Witson XAet. (1580) 26 Every man for himselfe, 

the Devill for us all, catche that catche maie. a 1555 
Rivtey Ws. 10 It is also a true eo that it is 
Eywoop /’rov. & 


even sin to lie w the devil. rage 
Ehigr. (1867) 60, I will not beare the diuels sacke, by saint 
u 


Proverbe, the divell is full of knowledge, 
olde. 1593 Pass. Morrice 74 Like will tolike, quoth the Devell 
to the Collier. 1599 Minsuev Dial. Sp. & Eng. (1623) 35/2 
Let us not give the divell his dinner. 16zx Corer. s.v. Ae- 
tirer, Vo giue a thing and take a thing ; to weare the diuells 
old-ring. 1615 SweTNaM A rvraignm. Wom. aes p. xvi, 
‘hey will finde that they haue but the Deuill by the foote. 
1687 Concreve Old Bach. 1. iv, Ay there you've nicked it— 
there’s the devil upon devil. 1690 W. Wacker /diomat. 
Anglo-Lat. 49 What is got over the devil's back is spent 
under his belly. a 1704 E Brown Ws. (1760) IL. 194 (D-} 
We became as great friends as the Devil and the Earl of 
Kent. — /did. II. 245 (D.) The devil and nine-pence 
go with her, that’s money and company, according to the.. 
sates. 1738 Swirt Polite Conv, 182 Well, since he’s gone, 
the Devil go with him and Sixpence ; and there’s Money agd 
Company too. 1708 Motreux Radedais 1. xxxiii. (1737) 138 
There will be the Devil upon Dun. This is a worse Business 
than that t’other Day. ¢1708 W. Kine Art of Love 1. 82 
She'd run, As would the Devil upon Dun. 1709 Brit. Apollo 


| 
| 


. 1881 Perris Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 79 The | 
That ousucs 


II. No. 56. 3/2 At Play 'tis often said, When Luck returns— | 
The Devil's dead. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton i. (1840) | 


8 He that is shipped with the devil must sail with the devil. 
1738 Swirt Pod. Convers. 13 It rain'’d, and the Sun shone at 
the same time .. Why, then the Devil was beating his Wife 
behind the Door, with a Shoulder of Mutton. /bid. 159, 
I beg your Pardon: but they say, the Devil made Askers. 
Ibid. 200 As great as Cup and Can .. Ay, Miss; as great 
as the Devil and the Earl of Kent. 1822 Byron Werner 
v. i. 427 Father, do not raise The devil you cannot lay be- 
tween us. a 1832 Bentuam |ks, (1838-43) X. 25 So fond of 


spending his money on antiquities, that he was always | 


pulling the devil by the tail. 1840 Baruam /ugol. Leg., 
‘St. Dunstan’, Vhe Devil, they say, "Tis easier at all times 
to raise than to lay. 1846 Wuatety Xhetoric \ed 7) Addi- 


tions 14 Various evasions and equivocations, such as are’ 


vulgarly called ‘cheating the Devil’. 1855 TENNYSON 
Maud 1. i. xix, I will bury myself in myself, and the Devil 
may pipe to his own. 1857 .V. ¥. Evening Post (Bartlett), 
There, you are now whipping the devil around the stump! 
1892 Hon. E. Brake in Daily News 5 Aug. 3/4 Time enough 
to bid the Devil good morning when you meet him. 

©. Other phrases see under leading words, as 
to hold a CANDLE fo the d., the d. and his Dam, the 
d, in the HOROLOGE, ete. 

III. attrib. and Comb. 

23. General combinations. a. ‘ devil’ 2 appost- 
tion, as devil-god, -jatlor, -monk, -porter, etc. Hence 
as vb. fo devil-porter it, to be devil-porter. 

a ao Macb. 11. iii. 19 He Deuill-Porter it no further. 
1610 Heacey St. Ang. Citie of God 1v. xvi, Such a rable of 
divill-gods 1613, SHaxs. //en. 1/17, 11. i. 21 That Diuell 
Monke, Hopkins. 1625-6 Suirtey Maid's Rev. v. iii, My 
eldest devil-sister! 1629 — Wedding m. i, Thy devil jailor 
May trust thee without a waiter. 1892 B. F. C. Costettoe 
Church Catholic 13 A Devil-giant coercing hapless lives. 

b. attrib. and objective genitive, as devil-hive, 
-master, -work; devil-conjurer, -drawer, -driver, 
-extractor. 

1535 CoverpaLe Dan, ii. 27 The sorcerer, the charmer 
nor the deuell coniurer. 1682 Hickerincitt Black Non- 
Conf. Wks. 1716 Il. 42 The Pope would be a Devil-driver 
too. arjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Devil-drawer, a sorry 
Painter. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. ii. (1840) 51 Any 
sorcery or devil-work. 1749 Br. Lavincton Enthus. Meth. 
4 Papists (1820 319 These men, who are called enchanters, 
devil-drivers, and prophesiers. 1823 Bentuam Not Pand 
321 Fear of the more skilful devil-master. 1 Soutney 
Comm.-pl. Bk. Ser. 1. 400 They struggled till fire issued 
from eyes, nostrils, and mouth of the poor devil-hive. 1886 
Pall Mall G. 29 Dec. 6/2 A refusal to pay the fee charged 
by a ‘devil extractor’ for the cure of a mental disease. 

e. instrumentaland parasynthelic, as devil-born, 
-haired, -inspired, -ridden, etc. 

1607 Torseit Four-/, Beasts (1658) 17 The Asse .. is .. 
phrased with many epithets .. as slow .. idle, devil-haired, 
1 Sourney Sir 7. More 11. 108 Men become priest- 
ridden or devil-ridden, 1850 TeNyyson /n Mem. xevi, You 
tell me, doubt is devil-born. 1860 Lp. Lytton Lucile u. 
v, Scorn and hate .. are devil born things. 1888 Catholic 
Press 16 June 125/1 A devil-inspired cult, 

a. objective, as oat ete. 

~~ . Stevens Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 327 There is 
a Devil ferking Priest. 

24. Special combinations. Devil-bolt, a sham 
bolt (see 12); ‘a bolt with false clenches, often in- 
troduced into contract-built ships’ (Smyth Sa#/or’s 
Word-bk.); devil-carriage, -cart, a carriage for 
moving heavy ordnance; ‘ devil-cleper (obs.), 
one who invokes the devil, an enchanter ; devil- 
dancer, an Indian votary, akin to the Dancing 
Dervishes; so devil-dancing; devil-dare a.= 
DArE-DEVIL ; devil-dealer, one who has dealings 
with the devil. a sorcerer; devil-in-a-bush, a 
garden flower, Vigel/a damascena, so called ‘ from 
its horned capsules peering from a bush of finely- 
divided involucre’ (Prior); devil-monger = devel- 
dealer; Aevil-on-both-sides, a local name of the 
corn crowfoot (Xanunculus arvensis), in allusion 
to its prickly | capsules; devil on two 
sticks, a wooden toy in the form of an hour-glass 
or double cone, which is made to spin in the air 
by means of a string attached to two sticks held 


DEVIL. 


in the hands; devil-shrieker, -skriker, local 
name of the Swift: see DeviL 7b; devil-tree, 
ana tree (Alstonia scholaris) of India, 
Africa, and Australia, having a powerfully bitter 
bark and milky juice; devil-ward a. and adv., 
towards or in the direction of the devil; devil- 
wise adv., after the manner of a devil; devil- 
wood, Osmanthus americanus, N.O. Oleacex, 
a small N. American tree with wood of extraordi- 
nary toughness and heaviness; devil-worship, 
the worship or cult of the devil, or of a demon 
or malignant deity ; so devil-worshipper, -wor- 
shipping; devil-wort, a plant. Also DeEviL- 
BIRD, -DODGER, -FISH, etc. 

1894 Daily News 30 Nov. 7/5 The ‘*devil-bolt’ swindle 
smust have been the death of many a brave crew. 1828 
‘ M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 50 *Devil Carriages, large, 

imber, small. /did. 426 Devil — 7 ft.; Sling cart, 

ft.6in. 1797 Netson in Nicolas Disp. VII. p: cxxxix 

want .. two or three artillerymen to the uses, and 
a “devil-cart. 1382 Wycutr /sa. xlvii. 9 The huge hard- 
nesse of thi *deuel-cleperes. 1887 Pall Mall G. 14 Sept. 
14/1 They were followed by the *devil-dancers, who were 
terribly affected. 187x Mateer 7ravancore (1872) 214 Con- 
nected with this is what is called *devil-dancing, in which 
the demoniacal possession is sought. 18§7 tr. Dumas’ Three 
Musketeers ii. 14/2 His soldiers formed a *devil-dare legion. 
1727 De For. Syst. Magic 1. i. (1840) 32 The magicians were 
not all sorcerers and *devil-dealers. 1767 J. ABERCROMBIE 
Ev. Man his own Gardener Index, *Devil-n-a-bush. 1815 
Evpuixstone Acc. Caubul (1842) 1. 95 A plant very common 
about Peshawer, which much resem’ thar.. called Devil 
in the bush. Lytton Last Bar. 1. vii, Those *devil- 
mongers can bake ye a dozen such every moment, 1878 
Britten & Howtann Plant-n. 148 *Devil on both sides or 
Devil 0’ both sides, Ranunculus arvensis L. Bucks., Durh., 
Warw. 1864 AtTKinson Prov. Names Birds, * Devil-skriker 


(Yorks.). 1866 7'reas. Bot. 45 Alstonia scholaris, called 
*Devil-tree or Pali-mara about Bombay. 1837 CartyLe #7. 
odward or 


Rev. (1857) 1. u. 1. iv. ra And tended either 
else “devilward. 1631 Cornwattyes £ss. 1. xlix. 308 And 
*devill-wise labour for nothing but to make all soules levell 
with theirs. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IL. vi. 138 Idolatry 
and *devil-worship. 1 — Syst. Magic 1. iii. 69 To intro- 
duce Devil-worship in the world. 1879 M. Conway De- 
monology & Devil-lore 1. 137 The *devil-worshippers of 
Travancore to this day declare that the evil power ap- 
proaches them in the form of a Dog. 1726 De For Hist. 
Devil u. xi. 353 Wormwood, storax, *devil-wort, mandrake, 
nightshade. k 

25. The possessive, devil's, has somewhat spe- 
cialized uses as expressing things supposed to be- 
long to or be inthe power of the devil; hence it 
is used in opposition to God's, as devil’s martyr, 
Martins, PATERNOSTERS; and sometimes, like 
DEVILISH, as an intensive qualification of that which 
is evil, violent, or excessive. [Cf. F. un froid-de 
diable, un vent de tous les diables.) 

It is also used of —— ——— es lees 
to Satanic , as Devil's bridge, dike, punch-bowl, etc. 
Vie Chester ta Cod. Dipl. IV. 232 Purgh Bes defies lore. 
1297 R. Giove. (1724) 475 Foure o the deueles limes, [his 
kniz3tes hurde this. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Divelles worke, 
diablerie. Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 -— Balaam 
.. who was the devil’s hackney, 1820 Scott /vanhoe xx, 
What devil's matins are you after at this hour? 1827 — 
¥rnl. 16 Mar., I had the devil's work finding them. 1854 
Wayte Metvitte Gen. Bounce xv. (Farmer), His wives .. 
yowlin’, and cryin’, and kickin’ —_ devil's delight. 1859 
i. Kincs.ey G. Hamlyn v, We better be as comfort- 
able as we can this devil'snight. 1863 Reape Hard Cash 
i. 278 (Farmer) What business have = in the Captain's 
cabin, kicking up the devil's delight? 1884 E. M. Beat 
in Ga. Words May 323/1 The newly discovered ‘ devil's 
liquor’, starch. 

b. Special phrases. Devil’s advocate (L. advo- 
catus diaboli), one who urges the devil’s plea 
against the canonization of a saint, or in opposi- 
tion to the honouring of any one; hence, one who 
advocates ‘the contrary or wrong side, or injures 
a cause by his advocacy; so devil’s advocacy ; 
devil’s bedpost (see quots.); devil’s bones, an 
appellation of dice ; devil’s cow, a black beetle ; 
devil’s darning-needle (U. S.) = devil’s needle 
(see also c); devil’s dirt, devil’s dung, asafoe- 
tida; devil’s dozen: see Dozen; devil’s finger, 
abelemnite; devil's fingers, the star-fish; devil’s 
mint, a succession of things hurtful or offensive, 
as if the devil himself were at work coining them 
= orby); devil’s needle, provincial name of the 
dragon fly; ‘Devil’s Own’, a name of the 
88th Foot (the Devil's own Connaught boys) ; also 
of the Inns of Court Rifle Corps of Volunteers ; 
devil’s sheaf: see quot.; devil’s tattoo: sce 
Tattoo; devil’s toe-nail, a belemnite. 
DEVIL’s-BIRD, CLAW, e, i ee 

1 tors Detecte 12 .+ playing the true 
eat the "Devil's advocate. 1885 J. Bos Malthus 1.i.7 
The father made it a point of honour to defend the Zn- 
guirer; the son played devil's advocate, 1887 R. Buchanan 
Heir of Linne ii, Even the Socialist party regarded him as 
a devil's advocate, and washed their hands of him. | — 
Maurice Philos. First Six Cent. (ed. 2) v. a claims 
Frocias $0 ancniention 10 ens ia fon ¥ 

A. Birrett Xes ic. iv. 108 There is enough 
ee in it, to make it one of the most 
Ss 


devil's advocacy ever penned. Slang Dict., * Devil's 
bed-posts, the four of claba, pg gh Q. sth Ser. XII. 473, 


Also . 


DEVIL. 


I have always heard the four of clubs called the devil’s bed- 
post, and also that it is the worst turn-up one could have. 
1664 ETHEREDGE Comical Revenge u. iii (Farmer), I do not 
understand dice.. hang the *devil’s bones. 1822 Scorr 
Nigel xxiii, A gamester, one who deals with the devil's 

nes. 1688 R. Hotme Avmoury 1. 213/1 Blind Beetles .. 
are generally known to us by the name of .. *Devils cows. 
1854 Putnam's Monthly June (Bartlett!, Now and then.. 
a a ga pi le would pertinaciously hover about 
our heads. 1578 Lyte Dodoens u. cxii. 304 Called .. in 
Englishe also Assa fetida ; in high Douche Teufels dreck, 
that is to say *Deuilles durt, 1 Dekker Honest Wh, 
Wks. 1873 II. 40 The *Divels dung in thy teeth! 1799 G. 
Smith od pre’ I. 237 Asafcetida is sometimes called by 
the name of devil’s dung. 1857 T'HoREAU AZaine W,, (1894) 
316 On Moosehead I had seen a large *devil’s-needle half 
a mile from theshore. 1871 Stave.ry Brit. /nsects 128 The 
swift approach of one of these glittering ‘devil's needles’. 
1864 Mark Lemon Fest Bk, 211 (Farmer) At a review of the 
volunteers .. the *devil’s own walked straight through. 
1893 Pall Mall G. 21 Jan. 2/3 ‘What! what !’ exclaimed 
his Majesty [George III. in 1803], ‘all lawyers! all law- 
yers! Call them the Devil’s Own—call them the Devil’s 
Own’ .. the fighting gentlemen of the long robe have been 
the ‘ Devil’s Own’ ever since. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de 
W.) v. Introd. 25/1 Make ye the poore men your frendes of 
the *deuyllessheyf eyther richesses of wyckednesse. 1847 
Anstep Anc. World ix. 190 The Belemnite has .. various 
local names (such as thunderbolt, *devil’s toe-nail), 

e. esp. in popular names of plants; devil’s 
apple, the thorn apple (Datura Stramonium) ; 
devil’s apron, a popular name in the United States 
of species of Laminaria and other olive-brown 
sea-weeds with a large dilated lamina; devil’s 
brushes, a general name for ferns in the ‘ Black 
Country ’ (Britt. & Holl.) ; devil’s candlestick, 
the fungus Phallus impudicus; the ground-ivy 
(Midland Counties) ; devil’s club, a prickly aralia- 
ceous plant, Fatwa horrida, found in the north- 
western U.S.; devil’s coach-wheel, d. curry- 
comb, corn crowfoot (Hants); devil’s cotton, 
an East Indian tree, Advoma, the fibres of which are 
made into cordage; devil’s darning-needle, 
Scandix Pecten Veneris; devil’s ear (U.S.), a 
species of wake-robin (Arum); devil’s fig, the 
prickly pear: devil’s garter, the bindweed, Cov- 
volvulus sepium; devil’s horn, Phallus impudi- 
cus; devil’s leaf, a very virulent species of stinging 
nettle, Urtica urentissima, found in Timor; devil’s 
oatmeal, d. parsley, wild chervil, Anthriscus syl- 
vestris; devil’s posy, ramsons, Allium ursinum; 
devil’s snuff-box, the puff-ball ; devil’s stink- 
pot, Phallus impudicus. Also DEVIL’S-BIT, CLAWS, 


MILK, 

x46 Sowersy Brit. Bot. V1. 104 *Devil’s Apple. 1858 
O. W. Hotmes Aut. Breakf-t. vii. (1883) 142 Washed up 
on one of the beaches in company with édevil’s-aprons, 
bladder-weeds, dead horse-shoes. 1891 Proc. R. Geog. 
Soc. Feb. 78 That unpleasant plant, growing to the height 
of a man’s chest, known as the “devil’s club, and covered 
with fine loose barbed prickles. 1851 S. Jupp Alargaret (ed. 
2) IT. v. 66 There are berries in the woods, the scarlet *devil’s 
ear and blue dracira. 1795 SoutHey Lett. /r. Spain (1808) Il. 
38, I saw the prickly pear, or as it is called here the *devil’s 
fig. 1830 Linptey Vat. Syst. Bot. 94 A nettle called daoun 
setan, or *devil’s leaf, ii Timor; the effects of which are 
said .. to last for a year, and even to cause death. 1883 
R, Turner in Gd. Words Sept. 589/2 The puff-balls are 
known in Scotland as ‘ de’il’s sneeshin’ mills’ (*devil’s snuff- 
boxes). 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Devil's snuff-box, puff-ball. 

Devil (de'v'l, devil), v.  [f. Devit.sé.] 

+1. Zo devil tt: to play the devil, to act like the 
devil. Ods. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 158 In the euillest of euill 
functions, which is, in diuelling it simply. 

+b. trans, To play the devil with, to ruin. Ods. 
1652 Bentowes 7heoph. . xv_The Serpent devil’d Eve. 
e. allusive nonce-wad. 

1698 VansruGH Prov. Wife ww. iv. 89 Lady B. The devil’s 
hands! Let me go! Six ¥. I'll devil you, you jade you ! 

2. trans. ‘To grill with hot condiments. 

1800 [see Devittep 2]. 1817 T. L. Peacock Melin- 
court xxiii, If the carp be not caught, let me be devilled 
like a biscuit after the second bottle. 183x TreLawny Adz. 
Younger Son 1, 291 Come Louis, devil us a biscuit. a 1845 
Hoop Zale of Temper vi, He. . felt in his very gizzard he was 
devill’d! 1870 Ramsay Remin. iv. (ed. 18) 83 One of the 
legs should be deviled. 

3. intr. To act as ‘devil’ to a lawyer or literary 
man ; to do professional work for another without 
fee, or without recognition. 

1864 Atheneum No. 1921. 232/2 He devils for the counsel 
on both sides. 1880 Social Notes 20 Nov. 243/2 This unjust 
system is termed ‘devilling’, and those who appear in cases 
for which others are retained, at the sole est of the 
latter, are called ‘devils’, whilst the original holders of 
transferred briefs may be styled “devilees.’.. As long as 
briefless barristers consent to ‘devil’, so long will the abuse 
flourish, to the disadvantage of the public and the Bar. 
1889 Sat. Rev. 9 Feb. 159/2 He must have chambers and 
a clerk, or a share of both. He must be ready and willing 
to ‘devil’, s 

b. ¢rans. To do (work) as a ‘devil’. : 
1887 Cornh. Mag. Jan. 62 Allowing me to devil his work 
for him for ten years. 
ce. To entrust to a ‘devil’ or private deputy. 
189r Leach Southwell Minster (Camden) 22 note, Of 
course he ‘deyilled’ his duties, and equally of course the 
‘devil’ neglected them, 


287 


4. trans. To tear to pieces (rags, old cloth, etc.) 
with a machine called a devil. See Drvi.iine 2. 
+ Devilade. Obs. nonce-wd. after masquerade. 

1775 Garrick Bon Ton 4 Coteries, Masquerades, and all 
the Devilades in this town. ; 

De'vil-bird. A name popularly given to 
various birds, from their appearance, flight, cry, 
ete. ; especially a. A local English name of the 
Swift ; = Dervit 7 b. 

1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 95 It is called 
.. Devil bird (West Riding). 

b. The Brown Owl of Ceylon (Syrnium Indvant). 

1849 PripHaM Ceylon 737 (Y.) Devil's Bird... The wild and 
wailing cry of this bird is considered a sure presage of death 
and misfortune, unless [etc.]. 1860 in Tennent Cey/on I. 167 
Note, Vhe brown owl, which, from its hideous yell, has ac- 
quired the name of the ‘ Devil-Bird’. 1876 Ceylon 11. 145 
‘The ‘ oolanna’, or devil bird of the Sinhalese, whose horrid 
shriek at night terrifies the natives..some think it is not an 
owl, but a black night-raven. 

ce. A name of the East Indian drongo-shrikes, 
family Décruride. 

De'vil-dodger. Zwmorous. [See DoncE v.] 
One who tries to dodge the devil (see quot. 1893); 
also, a nickname for ranting preachers, or preachers 
generally. So De‘vil-dodging vd/. sd. and pA/.a. 

1791 Lackincton Mem. vi (D.), These devil-dodgers hap- 
pened to be so very powerful (that is, noisy). 1861 Under 
the Spell III. 111 So you have taken to ‘devil-dodging’, 
sermonizing, or whatever you call it. 1886 G. ALLEN J/az- 
mie's Sake i, He has a rabid objection to the clergy—the 
black brigade and the devil-dodgers, he calls them. /4éd. 
v, A pack of trumpery superstitious devil-dodging nonsense. 
1893 M. West Born Player 202 Unbiassed people who went 
to church in the morning and to chapel in the evening— 
devil-dodgers as they were coarsely called, who were deter- 
mined to be right one way or another. 

Devildom (de‘v’ldam).  [f. Devin + -pom.] 

1. The dominion, rule, or sway of the (ora) devil ; 
exercise of diabolic power. 

1694 S. Jounson Notes Past. Lett. Bp. Burnett. 5 The 
true Art of spelling all the Oppressions and Devildoms in 
the World out of the pregnant word King. 1856 Mrs. 
BROWNING Aur. Leigh 1. Poems 1890 VI. 73 A commina- 
tion, or, at best, An exorcism against the devildom Which 
plainly held me. 1893 R. Kietinc Many Invent. 207 It 
was witchcraft, —witchcraft and devildom. 

2. The domain of the devil; the realm or estate 
of devils ; the condition of devils. 

1825 CoLeripcE in Pall Mall G. 27 May (1887) 5/2 De- 
pressed by day and wandering all night thro’ the Sweden- 
borgian Devildom. 1828 Fr. A, Kempe Let. in Record of 
Girlhood (1878) I. viii. 226, I have been revelling in that 
divine devildom, ‘ Faust’. 1847 O. Brownson 7 wo Brothers 
Wks. VI. 268 All motleydom and all devildom had broken 
loose. 1892 T. Wricut Blue Firedrake 197 Never surely 
were more repulsive hags in all devildom. 

Devilee’, xonce-wad. See DEVIL v. 3 quot. 1880. 

Deviless (dev és). [f. Devin + -Ess: ef. F. 
diablesse.| A she-devil. 

a@ 1693 Urqunart Rabelais iv. xxvii. 226 There was not 
Angel, Man, Devil, nor Deviless, upon the place, who would 
not fetc.]. 1761 Sterne 77. Shandy (1802) III. xx. 318 
‘Though we should abominate each other ten times worse 
than so many devils or devilesses. 1881 A thenvum 9 July 
45/3 But a commonplace woman, with little of either the 
saint or the ‘ deviless’ in her composition. 

Devilet (de'v'lét). [f. Drivin +-rr.] 

1, A little devil, in various senses. 

1794 Matuias Purs, Lit, (1798) 135 To meet the Printer’s 
dev'let face to face. 1841 De Quincey Homer Wks. 1862 
V. 297 To the derision of all critics, compositors, pressmen, 
devils, and devillets. a1845 BarHam /xgol. Leg., Truants, 
And pray now what were these devilets call'd? These three 
little fiends so gay! ¢ 1876 Sir R. Burton in Lady Burton 
Life (1893) I. 21 We boys became perfect devilets. 

. The Swift ;= DEVILING 2. 

1828 Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 277 The long- 
winged legless black devilet, that, if it falls to the ground, 
cannot rise again. 1828 Sournry in Q. Rev. XX XVIII. 
238 The merry Dominican .. continued to eat devilets on 
fast days. 

De'vil-fish. A name popularly given to 
various large and formidable fishes or other marine 
animals; especially a. In Great Britain, a large 
pediculate fish (Lophius piscatorius) also called 
ANGLER (q.v.), frog-fish, sea-devil, toad-fish. b. 
In US.,a gigantic species of eagle-ray, Ceratoptera 
vampyrus, having expanded sides gradually passing 
into flappers or pectoral fins, the expanse of which 
is sometimes 20 feet. Less commonly, ¢. The 
Californiangrey whale. d. Thepiranhaof Urnguay. 
e. The octopus, cuttle-fish, or other cephalopod. 

1814 Sporting Mag. XLIV. 94 That species, called by 
Dr. Goldsmith the Devil Fish. “1839 T. Beate Nat. His?. 
Sperm Whale 351 Enormous sting-rays, or ‘devil fish’.. 
from five to six feet across. 1860 J/erc. Marine Mag. VII. 
213 They [‘ California Grey’ Whale] have a variety of names 
among whalemen, as .. ‘ Hard-head’, ‘Devil-fish’, 1861 
Hume tr. Moguin-Tandon u, ww. i. 214 The Piranha or 
Devil-fish discovered by M. de Castelnau in Uruguay. . When 
any object is thrown into the water inhabited by the Piran- 
has, these fish immediately attack it. 1863 RusseLt Diary 
North §& South 1. 208, I heard much of the mighty devil- 
fish .. The fish .. possesses formidable antennz-like horns, 
and a pair of huge fins, or flappers, one of which rises 
above the water as the creature moves below the surface. 
1867 Chronicle 5 Oct. The Devil Fish..This giant of 
the Cephaloptera is simply a monstrous Ray; and though 


Sea-Devil and Vampire are assigned to it as trivial names, 


DEVILISH. 


it. .is in no way formidable save from its enormous strength 
and bulk. 1863 G. L. Faser Fisheries Adriatic 185 Mylio- 
balis aquila \....Devil fish, Sea-Devil, Toad-fish. 1885 
C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 162 [The squid] was 
found. .to fully justify its popular name of devil-fish. 1889 
Catholic News 15 June 5/5 The octopus, popularly known 
as ‘the devil fish’. 

De'vilhead. [see -HEap.] = DeEviLHoop. 

21350 Life of Fesus (ed. Horstm.) 499 (Matz.) No deuel- 
hede I ne habbe in me. 1870 Morris Larthly Par. 111. 
1v. 300 A swallowing dread, A curse made manifest in 
devil-head. 


Devilhood (dev'lhud). [f. Devin + -Hoop.] 


The condition and estate of a devil. 

1618 Wither A/otto, Nec Habeo Wks. (1633) 521 Except 
the Devill, and that cursed brood Which have dependance 
on his Devilhood. 1880 Swinsurne Strcty Shaks. iii. 173 
Her imperious and dauntless devilhood. x J. Branp in 
Chicago Advance 24 May, A downward development toward 
devilhood, — | 

+ De-vilified, ///. a. Obs. 
into or of the nature of a devil. 

1645 Pacitr Heresiogr. Ep. Ded , Unpure Familists, who 
blasphemously pretend to be godified like God, whereas 
indeed they are devillified like their Father the Devil. 1647 
J. Heypon Discov. Fairfax 2 Devils and devilified men 
would be glad to have any thing against him. 

So De'vilifier. 

1793 Kegal Rambler 37 The emendator, corrector, and 
Devilifier. .of my bank. 

Deviling (dev'ljin). [f. Devin sé. + -L1NG or 
-ING; the suffixes being here confounded.] 

1. A young devil; an imp or mischievous little 
creature. 

(1575 G. Harvey Letter-6k.(Camden) 98 Close to the britche 
likea Divelinge.] a 1616 Beaum. & FL. Ant. of Malta v. ii, 
And engender young devillings. 1672 R. Witp Declar. Lib. 
Cousc. 9 His Divelings, the Officers and Clarks of that won- 
drous Kitchin. 1806 Soutnry in Aun. Rev. 1V. 540 He 
received the little deviling ina basket. 1849 Sir J. Sreruen 
ect, Biog. (1850) 1. 310 The deviling .. was about twelve 
years old and looked exactly like any other boy. 

2. A local name of the Swift; also of the Pied 
Wagtail. (See quots. ) 

a 1825 Forsy East Ang. Voc., Devilin, the species of 
swallow, commonly called the swift. 1826 Sforting Mag. 
XVIII. 312 The bird called a Swift .. more commonly a 
Devilin. 1837 Maccituivray //ist, Brit. Birds 1. 614 
Black Marten, Swift, Develing. 1885 Swainson Prov. 
Names Brit, Birds 45 Pied Wagtail.. Devil's bird or 
deviling (Ireland), From the constant uncanny motion 
of its tail. /é/d.95 Swift..It is called Deviling (E. Angl., 
Lanc., Westm.). 

3. The third or lowest vat used in the manufac- 
ture of indigo; called in French dtadlotin. 

1731-7 Mitter Gard. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v. Anil, The second 
is call’d the Battery .. And the third, which is much less 
than the second, is call’d the Deviling. As for the Name.. 
I do not see how it agrees with it; unless it be because 
this Vat is deeper colour’d than the others. 

Devilish (de‘v'l\if), a. [f. Devi +-18H.] 

1, Of persons: Having the nature or character of 
the devil; like a devil in character or actions. 

1494 Fasyan Chron... Ixv. 44 By styryngeof disclaunderous 
and deuylysghe persones. @ 1555 LATIMER Serv. (1845) 301 
What marvel is it, if they call you devilish persons and 
heretics? 1587 Turperv. /'ag. 7. (1837) 151 ‘The divilish 
Queenes devise. 1604 SHaxs. O¢h. u. i. 249 A diuelish 
knaue! 1634 Sir ‘Tl. Hersert 7xav. 8 A_ Monster not 
a little esteemed of amongst these Devillish Savages. 1653 
H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxviii. 113 Who..censed those 
two divelish Monsters. 1868 Browninc Aing & Ba. 1. 247 
We pronounce Count Guido devilish and damnable. 

2. Of things, actions, or qualities : Characteristic 
of the devil; worthy of or befitting the devil ; 
diabolical; execrable. 

©1496 Serm. Episc. Puer. (W. de W.) B iij, Euyll fasshened 
garmentes, & deuyllysshe shoon & slyppers of frensmen. 
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 93 Whiche is moost deuyl- 
lysshe synne. 1553 Even 77eat. Newe /nd.(Arb.) 18 ‘They 
make certayne deuylishe gestures lyke ynto madde men. 
1631 GouGE God’s Arrows iii. § 94. 360 The matchlesse, 
mercilesse, devilish, and damnable gun-powder-treason. 1663 
F. Hawkins Youth's Behav. 87 "Vis of humane frailty to 
erre, but tis devillish to persevere in it. 1790 Burns 7am 
O'Shanter 127 By some devilish cantrip slight. 1827 Pot- 
Lok Course 7. 1x. 266 Indistinct and devilish whisperings. 

b. Expressing the speaker’s strong detestation. 

1694 R. L Estrance Fadles cccxxxii. (ed. 6) 345 The Devel- 
ish People would keep such a Snearing and Pointing at me. 
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 11, 101 Hold your 
devilish tongue. i 

3. Of or belonging to the devil. 

1526-34 TINDALE 1 7%. iv. 1 Geue hede vnto spretes of 
erroure and dyuelysshe doctrine. 1548 Hatt Chron. 135 b, 
Therto by devilishe instigacion incensed and procured. 1562 
Butteyn Bk, Sicke Men 75, Ingratitude [is] sprong of a 
deuelishe petigree. 1864 Burton Scot Adr. I. v. 287 So 
skilled in devilish arts of magic. ; 

A. loosely. Violent, virulent, terrible; extremely 
bad ; enormous, excessive. 

1612 WoopaL Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 241 It is a divellish, 
deadly, coarse medicine. 1688 R. HoLme Armoury u. 198/2 
[Lice] are devilish Biters, especially the little ones. 1738 
Swirt Polite Convers.187 Mr. N— got the devilishest i? all 
in the Park To-day, 1831 FonsLanque Eng. under 7 Ad- 
minist. (1837) 11. 93 The Six Acts, hurried, with such devilish 
speed, through Parliament. 1849 ‘THackERAy Pendennis xl, 
She has a devilish deal more than ten thousand pound. 

5. Comb. 

1 Hickerincitt Priest-Cr, Wks. 1716 III. 110 Such 

evilish-like Black-guard. 
B. adv. =DEVILISHLY 2; excessively, exceed- 


[see -Fy.] Made 


DEVILISHED. 
ingly, enormously: originally of things bad, but 


in later use a mere coarse intensive. 
1612 Rowtanps Kuaue of Harts 14 Because we finde... 
Mony makes fooles most diuellish proud in mind. x63 


MassincGer Belceve as you list w. iii, The cur is divelishe | 


hungrie. 3 
devilish long strides. 


p ad Foore Devil on 2 Sticks 1.Wks. 
1799 II. 251 They are 


ilish rich, devilish poor, devilish 
ugly, derilish handsome, 1 Byron Let. to Miss Pigot 
11 Aug., I should be devilish glad to see him.” 1843 Lever 
. Hinton viii, Devilish pretty girl, that she is. 1886 
Tevenson Dr, Fekyll ii, | have seen devilish little of the 
man. 


+ Devilished, #//. a. Obs. rare. [f. prec. + 
-ED; or (?) with the suffix -7sh = -tse, -ice, as in 
anentish, ANYENTISE: cf. also publish.] Demonized, 
possessed with a demon or ‘ devil’. 

160r Deacon & Wacker Ausw, to Darel 13 Demonizo- 
menos. .one Diuellished, or one afflicted, tormented, or vext 
with a Diuell. /é4id. 20 A man, hauing the spirit of an 
vncleane diuell . .a diuelished vncleane spirit. 1601 — Sfirits 
& Divels 39 Demoniakes, or diuellished persons. 

Devilishly (de'v'),ifli), adv. [f. prec. +-1y2.] 

1. In a devilish manner, diabolically. 

153t Tinpace Exp. 1 Yohn (1537) 18 We synne not 
diuellishlye agaynst the holy goost. 1642 Futter Holy 
& Prof. St. v. xi. 405 None but devils and men devilishly 
minded. 1830 Arnotp Let. to Hare 24 Dec. in Stanley 
Life 1. vi. 236 A devil's doctrine, certainly, and devilishly 
applied. 1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 47 The declaration 
..has a touch of the devilishly humorous about it. 

2. Excessively, exceedingly: originally of things 
bad, but becoming at length a strong intensive. 

1668 SHADWELL Sudlen Lovers wv, How devillishly imper- 
tinent is this. 1687 Setr_e Ref?. Dryden 13 The Poet lyes 
Divellishly if he tells you [etc.]. 1782 Mrs. E. Blower 
Geo. Bateman II. 140 She's devilishly pretty, 1845 Mxs. 
Carvyce Lett. I. 360, I think it devilishly well done. 

Devilishness oe [f. Devitisu + 
-NESS.] The state or quality of being devilish ; 
diabolical or infernal character. 

1530 Pasar, 214/2 Divellysshnesse, diablerie. 1549 ALLEN 
Jude's Par. Rev. 13 Very wicked and abhominable super- 
sticions and diuillyshnes. 1620 Metton Astrolog. 80 The 
diuellishnesse of your Diuination. 1733 Lorp M. in Szw#/t's 
Lett. (1766) II, 185, I have betrayed to you the devilishness 
of my temper. 1844 Masson -ss., The Three Devils iii. 
(1856) 74. Mephistophiles’s nature .. complete, confirmed, 


irrevocable devilishness. 

Devilism (dev ljiz'm).  [f. Devin sé. + -1sM.] 

1. ‘A system of action or conduct proper to a devil; 
devilish i epee § 

1652 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. 11. (1660) 150 Did ever any seek 
for the greatest good in the worst of evils? This is not 
heresie, but meer Divilisme. 1691-8 Norxis Pract. Disc. 
(1711) IIL. 173 To the highest pitch of Impiety, to the very 
ridge of Devilism. 1726 De For Hist, Devil (1822) 203 
Such a perfection of devilism as that of the Inquisition. 


1820 Examiner No. 619. 113/1 Vhe deliberate devilism of + 


the tortures. 1892 Peyton A/emorad. Fesus xvi. 451 Vhe de- 
vilism in human nature is that which wants bread by which 
to live in the body, and seeks not the interests of the soul. 

2. A system or cult, the object of which is the 
Devil; devil-worship. 

1773 E. Ives lay. Eng. to India 317 The Sanjacks..once 
professed Christianity, then Mahometanism, and last of all 
Devilism. 

+ Deviclity. Ods. In6-7 divil(1)itie. [f. Devin 
sb. +-1TY: formed with mocking reference to cévé/- 
ity and divinity.) Devilism, devilry. 

1589 Marfrel. Epit. Fiij, Whom the D. of diuillitie.. 
affirmeth to haue beene Arch. of Creet. 1598 R. BarcKLey 
Felic. Man w. (1603) 317 A formal kind of strangers civilitie 
..which..may rather bee called Divillitie. 60x Deacon & 
Wacker Answ. to Darel 113 These are but quick-sands 
wherewith you doe grauell your deepe skill of Diuillitie. 
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 39 [He] must 
also bee his Diuilitie Reader or Schoole-man. 

Devilize (devljaiz), v.  [f Devin sb. + -128.] 

1. trans. To make a devil of; to render devilish 
in character. (Cf. canonize.) 

1624 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 13 He that should deify 
a Saint should wrong him as much as he that should 
Divellize him. 1888 Chicago Advance 12 Apr. 232 The 
native heathenism of the Dark Continent devilized by rum 
from the lands of Christendom, 

+2. intr. To play the devil; to act as a devil. 

1647 Warp Simp. Codler 48 The worst they [English 


1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xx. 353 Taking | 


| velled. 


| a cool bottle and a fresh —_ 1855 Mrs. Gasket North 
icken 


288 


c1gro Robin Hood in Arb, Garner VI. 430 What 
devilkyns , sayd litell Much, Thynkyst thou to be. 

Devilled (de-v'ld), Ap/. a. [f. Devin + -ED.] 

1. Possessed or afflicted with a devil: see Devin 
5b. 2b. 

¢1gso Cueke Matt. viii. 16 In y* evening yei brought him 
ane was develled. /did. viii. 28 Yeer mett him ij develds 
.-veri fiers men. /bid. xv. 22 Mi hter is veri evel de- 

1645 Rutnerrorp 7ryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 47 

Kakos dai: izetai, she is dingly devilled. 

2. Grilled with hot condiments. 

1800 Oracle in Spir. Publ. Fruls. (1801) IV. 253 At half 
past two [I] ate a devil’d kidney. 1845 Disragti SydiZ1v. 
x, His table cleared, a devilled biscuit placed before him, 


& S. xlii, The devilled c tasted like saw-dust. 1882 


| J. Grant Cameronians 1, xviii. 276 An aroma of coffee and 


devilled bones. 

3. Prepared by a devil, or unrecognized profes- 
sional helper: see Devi sé. 5 b,c. 

1893 Athenvum 5 Aug. 182/1 We imagine that Mr. Robin- 
son got his authors ‘ devilled’ for him, for hardly any single 
brain could have extracted all this material. 

Deviller (dev'l,a1). [f. Devin +-rRr!.] a. The 
workman who attends to the machine called a 
‘devil’ in a cotton or other factory. b. The 
name of a machine used for the shaking of rags. 
ec. A ‘devil’ or literary hack. 

1874 .Wanch. Guardian 3 Aug 6 The term is applied to 
— rsons who tend hard-waste breakers in cotton manu- 

actories. 


viller’. 1893 4 ¢henaum 5 Aug. 182/1 Sometimes the delver, 
or ‘deviller’, nods. : 

De'vil-like, a.and adv. [See Like: cf. DE- 
VILLY.] 

A. adj. Like a devil; diabolical. 

c1470 Henry Wallace vin. 895 His dewyllyk deid he did 
in to Scotland. 1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God w. 
xxxii, Devil-like Princes perswaded their people to their 
owne vaine inventions. 1722 Mrs. E. Haywoop Brit. 
Recluse 73 With more than Devil-like cruelty. WP. 
Mackay Grace & 7ruth (1875) 225 What a devil-like inten- 
tion! 

B. adv. Like, or after the manner of a devil; 
diabolically. 

1688 Bunyan Yerusalem Sinner Saved (1886) 129 Who 
has..thus horribly and devil-like contemned and trampled 
upon Him. 1717 L. Howet Desiderius 104 Themselves, 
Devil-like, are never the better for doing us this Mischief. 
villing (de-v'l,in), v/. 56. [f. Devin v. + 
-ING !.] : 

1. Working as a devil or hack: see Devin sd, 
5B b,c; t,.2. 

1880 Besant & Rice Seamy Side xiv. 114 The young 
barrister was engaged in some devilling. 1888 Star 8 Aug., 
Devilling is the term used in the literary trade for sweating. 
1894 Ii 'estm. Gaz. 7 Feb. 8/1 After all, devilling at the 
Bar has the same consolation as fagging at school. First, 


you fag for others; but in the end you have other devils to | 


fag for you. : - 

3. Tearing to pieces by the machine called a 
devil. 

1891 Labour Commission Gloss., Devilling, the same pro- 
cess as wille ying. a , 

+ De: , devily, a. Obs. [OE. déofollic, f. 
déofol devil + -lic \-L¥ '), contr. déoflic, whence in 
ME. deoflich, later devily: rarely in ME. with 
second /, develly, Cf. OHG. tiufallih, MHG, tiu- 
vellich, ON. djofulligr.] = DervILIsH. 

c1000 AELrric //om. (Thorpe) I. 102 (Bosw.) Mid deofelli- 
cum wislungum. /did. 1. 62 Undergeat se apostol das deo- 
flican facn. ¢ 1175 Lamb. Hom. 105 Penne maje we fordon 
swa ba deofliche 3itsunge. 1481 Caxton Xeynard (Arb.) 73 
Alway to mysdo and trespace..that is euyl, and a deuely 
lyf (¥en. een duuelic leven). 1483 — Cato Hivb, eg =| 
suche thought is wycked and deuylly. ¢ 1485 Dighy Myst. 
v, ii. heading, Entreth lucyfere in a deuely a-ray. a 1628 F. 
Grevitte Stdney x, (1652) 131 The devily characters of so 


tyrannical a deity. 
Devilly, adv. Obs. [f. as prec. 
+ -LY%.] Devilishly, diabolically, excessively (in 
a bad sense). Be, ‘ 
MM, i (v7. 
arp Cursor 14392 ar Md eli [v. ». deuelly] 


doe, is to keep their Kings from Divelizing, and themselves 
from Assing. 1720 T. Gorvon Cordial for Low Spirits 69 
Let loose his inclinations, and devilized with all his might. 

Hence Devilized #//. a., converted into a devil, 
rendered devilish. 

x Fraver //usb, Spirit. (1770) 282 How full of devils 
and devilized men is this lower world. 1726 De For //ist. 
Devil (1822) 208 To consider human nature devilized. 1890 
J. Putsrorp Loyalty to Christ 1, 238 The highest and most 
reputable members of society. . have come through a devilized 
line of ancestry. 

Devilkin (devikin). [f. Devin sd,+-Kiy.] A 
little devil ; an ma Also #8. 

1748 Richarpson Clarissa (1811) VI. 14 That a Beelzebub 

his devilkins to attend his call. 1833 T. Hook Widow 

& Marquess iii, Attendant devilkins of an_ inferior class, 
with hoofs, horns, talons and tails, 1851 D. Jerrotp St, 
Giles xxii, Now shout, ye imps ! ye devilkins .. for 
it is done! 1893 Pall Mall Mag. Il. 118 Black itch- 
ing marks, left by the stings of these imperceptible little 
devilkins, : 

{ The following is an example of Devi 20 a, 
with what-kins of what kind, what kind of. 


war bai Iuus thra, Pair blisced lauerd for to sla. ¢ 1400 
Sowdone Bab, 265 The Dikes were so develye depe..Ouer 
cowde thai nother goo nor crepe. /did. 219 er to he 


was devely stronge, His skynne was blake and harde. 

Devil-may-care, a. Also erroneously devil- 
me-care. [The exclamation devil may care ! used 
as an attribute.) Wildly reckless; careless and 
rollicking. 


enough to be heard.) Dickens Pickw, xlix, He was 
ami ves and easy, roving, devil-may-care sort of person. 
[1868 . Porteous Saher ‘ohnny 8 But deil-ma-care ! my 
facts are clear.) 1858 Lyrron What will he dou. ii, He.. 
looked altogether as devil-me-care, rakehelly, handsome, 
good-for-nought as ever swore ata drawer. 1861 HuGues 
Tom Brown at Oxf. xi. (1889) 103 A face radiant with devil- 
may-care delight. 1870 Miss Brovcuton Xed as a Rosei. 3 
The salt of a racy, devil-me-care wit. 1887 W. M. Rossetti 
= of Keats vi, Without any aggressive or ‘devil-may-care’ 
enda. 
Hence Devil-may-ca'reness (¢7vo07. -ca‘reless- 


ness); Devil-may-ca‘rish a,, -ca‘rishness, 
-ca‘rism, vonce-wis. 
1833 /'raser's Mag. VII. 693 Similar attempts at a jaunty 


devil-me-carishness. ‘it’s Mag. VIII, 221 From 


1841 


The machines are termed devils, and in this | 
district the person who tends them a deviller. 1885 Leeds | 
Mercury 23 June 3 A rag-shaking machine called a ‘de- | 


1793 Regal Rambler 95 Deel care, said Dr. Leveller, loud _ 


that devil-may i 
the world and the world’s law. 1842 Lyrron Zanoni wv. v, 
il-me-carish air. 1890 MeCartny Fr. Rev. 1. 22 The 
4 i e, the devil-may-careness of the 
Reaeae 18gr _Blackw, Mag. CXLIX. 5310/1 There was 
more H devil-may | than of Saxon 


> 
; 


foresight. 
Devilment (de-v'lmént). [f. Devin . + -enr.] 
Action befitting a devil, or of devilish character; 
mischief: also humorously like Devitry 4 b. 
1771 Contemplative Man |. 130,1 thought some Sides 
or other would befal ne 1840 THACKERAY Paris Sk-bk. 
in 


(1869) 64 So little si P 
of his wishes. 1843 Lever ¥. Winton xxxi, Courtship, fun, 
Proc. Amer, Convent, on 


frolic, and devilment. 
Instruct. Deaf 220 A certain amount of superfluous 
spirits—devilment I have heard it called. 

2. concr. a. A devilled dish. b. A devilish 
device or invention. 
<aa7s Garrick in G. Colman's Posth. Lett, (1820) Hot 

‘es and devilments at breakfast. x Sieutadton Jan., 

Greek fire and fifty other molten devilments may be corus- 
cating among her chimney pots. 

+Dervilness. Oés. rare. 
A thing diabolical or of 
demon: = DEVILRY ;. 

ar E. E. Psalter xcv. 5 For alle goddes of genge 
Pata atte ere ba. a Note in R. Glouc. Chron MS. 
Coll. Arms) (1724) 415 The monekes toke holywater, and 
drof a way the maner deuelnesse. 


Devilry (de'v'lri). Also 4 dewilry, 7 de- 
uillary. [f. Devi sd. +-Ky.] 
(Cf. F. 


+1. Ademon; a demoniacal possession. 
diablerie.) Obs. 

¢1380 Wycur Last Age of Chirche p. xxiv, Chaffare walk- 
ynge in derkenessis and myddais deuylrye pat is to seye 
antecrist. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIIL 143 Temptyd 
of pe deuelry pat walkes in derknesse. /d/d. 144 Pis maner 
of deuilry myghte not anoon be casten oute. ¢1450 M/irour 
Saluacioun 2023 Fforto cast out Dyvelleres he gaf the auc- 
toritee. 1483 Cath. Angl. 98 A Devylry. .demonium. 

2. Magical operation performed by the supposed 
help of Satan ; dealing with the Devil ; diabolical 
art. 

1375 Barsour Bruce tv. 690 Throu thair gret clergy, Or 
ellis throu thair deuilry. ¢1425 Wynroun Cron. 1x. xxiv. 
48 Be Wichcraft or Devilry. 3583 Stusses Anat, Abus. 
u. (1882) 5 Art magike, witchcraft, and all kind of diuelrie. 
1596 Datrympce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1. 287 The king 
throuch the arte of Magik, Witchcraft, and ilrie was 
consumet. 1795 Soutney Yoan of Arc vu. 556 Witch 
though she be, methinks Her devilry could neit blunt 
the edge Of thy good sword, or mine. 1867 Miss Brappon 
Rupert Godwin 111. iii. 44 By what devilry did he stumble 
upon the truth. , 

3. Works or operation of the devil. 

1533 Tinpace Supper of Lord Wks. (1573) 463 They be 
proued starke lyes and very deuelry. 1581 Saiir. Poems 
Reform. xiv. 316 Double sonnis of Deuilrie! @ 1876 G. 
Dawson Biog. “Lect. 38 He fought for light against dark- 
ness, for God's truth against Devilry. 

4. Devilish action or conduct; extreme wicked* 
ness, cruelty, or evens) wicked mischief. 

Bastwick Litany 1. 19 — — «. (to say 


f. DEVIL sb. + -NESS.] 
emonic character, a 


nothing of deuillary, atheisme know no 
where, 1831 Carty.e Sart. Res. 1. viii, What devilry 
soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper! eo 
Hers Comp. Solit. x. (1874) 180 Finding that such is t 
devilry of circumstances. 1852 Tuackrray /smond 1, xiv, 
I took to all sorts of devilries out of despair and fury. 1870 
Daily News 24 Sept , A sight of misery, chaos, disorganisa- 
tion, and general devilry. . ‘ 

b. humorously, Reckless indulgence in mischief, 


hilarity, or daring. 


5. A system of devils; demonology. 

1844 Masson Ess., The Three Devils iii. (1856) 80 The 
second part of Faust is devilry all through, a tissue of be- 
wilderments and devilries. 1871 T'ytor /’rim. Cult. 11.230 
The evil demon Aeshma Daeva..becoming the Asmodeus 
of the book of Tobit, afterwards to find a place in the 
devilry of the middle ages. 

6. Devils collectively, a company of devils, (Cf. 
cavalry, yeomanry.) 


1832 Examiner 453/2 The -off of Don Juan was 


managed by the same identical red-and-yellow gauze winged 
devilry, 1856 R. A. VauGuan A/ystics vin. ix, The swarm- 
ing devilry everywhere attends him, 


De'vil’s-bird. A name popularly given to 
various birds. (See also DEVIL-BIRD. ) 

+1. The Stormy Petrel. [app. transl. Fr, otseau 
du diable.| Obs. 

1634 Sir T, Hervert Trav. 18 Upon view of this Bird 
(which Sea-men improperly call Devils Bird) an infallible 
tempest and storme in lesse then two dayes, assailes the 
ship. A. Witson Amer, Ornith. Il. 383 They have 
been called Witches, Stormy Petrels, the Devil's Birds, 
Mother Carey's Chickens. 

2. The Yellow Hammer. 

1837 Maccutvray Hist. Brit. Birds 1. 445 Yellow- 
Hammer. .Skite, Devil’s-Bird. 

3. The Pied Wagtail. 

1883 Swainson Prov. Names Brit, Birds 44 Pied Wagtail 
.. Devil's bird or Deviling (Ireland). From the constant 
uncanny motion of its tail. 


ee 


| 
; 
4 


DEVIL’S-BIT. 


Devil’s-bit. Herd. [A transl. of med.L. 
morsus diaboli, devil’s bite, in Ger. Teztfels-abbisz.] 

1. A species of Scabious (Scabiosa succisa), a 
common meadow plant with blue flowers, having 
athickish premorse root; also Devil’s-bit Scabious. 

c14g0 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 121 Morsus diaboli..ang. 
deue(le\sbite. 1568 Turner Herbal 11. #B The devils bite 
is called in common Latine Morsus diaboli & succisa. 
1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. Ixxiv. 110 Deuels bit groweth in dry 
medowes. 1616 Surri. & Marku. Country Farme 203 
Diuels-bit (so called, because it sheweth as though the 
middle, or the heart of the root, were gnawed or bitten by 
some Diuell. .as though the Diuell did enuie the good which 
it bringeth vnto men by the incredible vertues that are 
therein), 1672-3 Grew Anat. Roots 1. i. (1682) 61 That Plant 
superstitiously called Devils-6it : because the end of it [i. e. 
the Root] seems to be bitten off. 1747 Westey Prim. Physic 
(1762) 78 Half a Pint of stron ecoction of Devil's bit. 
1854 S. THomson Wild Fi. 11. (ed. 4) 247 The root which 
seems to be ‘bitten’ off is the natural appearance. .and.. 
has given rise to the appellation ‘devil's bit scabious’, 

2. Yellow Devil s-bit, a composite plant, Apargia 
autumnalis, also called Autumnal Hawk-bit, fre- 
quent in meadows in autumn. 

1788 Puttney in Phil. Trans. L. Sut Hawkweed with 
bitten roots, or Yellow Devil’s-bit. 1779 Licutroor 77, Scot. 
(1789) I. 433. . 

3. Transferred in U.S. to several American plants, 
having roots of similar shape, as Chamwxlirium 
luteum, the Blazing Star, N.O. Liliacewx ; Liatris 
spicata, the Button Snakeroot, N.O. Composite. 
Swamp D., /telea trifoliata, a shrub or small 
tree, so called from its bitterness. 

Devil’s books. An appellation of Playing 
Cards (also called by Swift Pluto's Books). 

I Swirt Jutelligencer No. 4 (ed. 2) 43 (Farmer) Cards 
ante devil’s own invention, for which reason, time out of 
mind, they are and have been called the devil’s books. [1730 
— Death §& Daphne 80 For cards, we know, are Pluto’s 
books.] 1738 — Polite Convers. iii. 194 Damn your Cards, 
said he, they are the Devils Books. 1786 Burns 77a Dogs 
226 They..wi’ crabbit leuks Pore ower the devil’s pictur’d 
beuks. 1801 Sorting Mag. XVII. 144 They all voluntarily 
declared they would never more touch the Devil's Books on 
the Lord’s Day. 1861 THackeray Four Georges iv. (1876) 
119 What hours, what nights, what health did he waste over 
the devil’s books ! 

Devil’s claw. : : 

1. Naut. a. ‘A very strong kind of split hook 
made to grasp a link of a chain cable, and used as 
astopper’ (Smyth Saz/or’s Wd.-bk.). 1b. A grapnel. 

2. Conchol. A species of Scorpion shell (Prero- 
ceras Scorpio) from the Indian Ocean. 

3. Devil's claws, //erb. a, The Corn Crowfoot ; 
b. The Bird’s-foot Trefoil. 

1878 Britren & Hottanp Plant-n. 148 Devil's Claws, 
(1) Ranunculus arvensis, so called from the dislike which 
farmers have for one of the worst of weeds and from the 
hooks which terminate each seed. Wight, (2) Lotus corni- 
culatus. Somerset. 

Devil’s coach-horse. A popular name of 
the large rove-beetle (Goerius olens), from the 
rearing and defiant attitude which it assumes when 
disturbed. The name is sometimes extended to 
other cock-tail beetles. 

1840 Westwoop in Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 506 Well known 
under the name of the Devil’s coach-horse. 1850 KAVANAGH 
Frail. in Biog. (1891) 86 Lots of scorpions, devil's coach- 
horses, and large spiders. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D, (1889) 
25 This atrocious tale of lies turned up joint by joint before 
her like a devil’s coach-horse, 1881 W: E. Norris Matrim. 
IIL. iii. 5x One of those little beetles known to children as 
the devil's coach-horses. 

Devil’s dust. 1. The flock to which old cloth 
is reduced by the machine called a devil; shoddy. 
(Originally the dust made in this process.) 

1840 CartyLe Misc. (1857) IV. 239 (D.) Does it beseem 
thee to weave cloth of devil’s dust instead of true wool ? 1851 
Grapstone Let, Ld, Aberdeen 7 Apr., Very like the cloth 
made in this country from what is called devil’s dust. 185 
Mayuew Lond. L + (1861) II. 30 The operation .. sends 
forth choking clouds of dry Bae ge dirt and floating fibres 
—the and origi evil’s dust’, 1864 Athengum 
No. 1925. 364/3 Made up of as much devil’s dust as flax. 

2. Applied rhetorically to dust or powder of 
devilish invention or use. 

1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. 42 [They] were to take care .. 
that cloth put up for sale was true cloth, of true texture and 
weight. .wine pure. .flour unmixed with devil's dust. 1883 
H. Smarr Hard Lines i. (Farmer) The snow-white walls - . 
what a mess the devil’s dust, as used by modern artillery, 
would make of them in these days. 

+ Devil’s gold ring. 0s. Popular name 
of a destructive caterpillar. 

1552 Hutoet, Canker worme which th .. on cole- 
wortes. Some do call them the deuyls goldrynge, & some 
the colewort worme. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 54) margin. 
161r Coracr., Vrdec, the Vine-Fretter, or Devill’s Goldtog: 
a worm. 1693 Evetyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. Gloss., 
Devils Gold Ring, in French, Lisette, a sort of a Worm or 
Cater-pillar infesting the young shoots of Vines. x 
AtnswortH Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1. s. v. Devil, The devil’s 
gold ring (a caterpillar). 

ts. //erb. A popular name of the 
Dodder (Cuscuta), from its pale slender stems 
which wind round and strangle other plants. 

1670 Ray Catalog. Pi. Angi. 88 In Sussexia rustici et 

cola eam execrantur, odiosis nominibus //ed/weed et 
evils guts apn 1878 Britren & Hott, Plant-n, 
Vob, 


289 


149 Devil’s Guts, Cuscuta, various species, especially C. 
europea. 4 

b. Transferred to the Bindweeds, Convolvulus 
arvensis and sepium, and the creeping Crowfoot, 


Ranunculus repens. 

1879 Miss Jackson Shropshire Wordbk. : 

+ De-vilshine. (és. [In Ormin deofel/shine, 
repr. OE. déofolscin, f. déofol devil + scine a phan- 
tom, in comp. magic art, illusion.] A demon; 
demonic power or skill: = DEVILRY 1, 2. 

aroso Liber Scintill. vii. (1889) 35 Deofulscinnu [demonia] 
purh zebed beod oferswypede. ¢ 1200 OrMIN 8110 And 3et 
he dide mare inoh off deofellshine o life. c12z90 S. Ang. 
Leg. I. 294/13 All false godes so beoth deuelschine, i-wis. 

Devilship (dev ip). [f. Devin sé. + -sH1p.] 
The office, condition, or quality of a devil. 

1644 Sir E. Dertnc Prof. Sacr. C ij b, It were a devilship 
of mind to forge such report. 1871 H. MarsHatt For very 
Life 1. v, Cleverness is an attribute of devilship as well as 
of Godhood. 

b. humorously. Asa title: cf. lordship. 

1624 GEE Moot out of Snare 63 His Deuil-ship raues and 
struggles. 1668 Drypen Evenings Love v. 1, Bless his 
devilship, as I may say. 1 Impostors Detected 1. 52 If 
her devilship of a wife of his was in such a hurry. 1885 J. 
HawtuorneE JA/iss Cadogna iv. 45 His delectable little 
devilship, Sefior Asmodeus. 

Devil’s milk. 7}. [tr. by Lyte of Ger. 
Teufelsmilch, Du. Duyvels melck.) A name given 
to plants with acrid milky juice. a. The Sun- 
Spurge (Luphorbia Helioscopia) and Petty Spurge 
(E. Peplaus). 

1878 Lyte Dodoens 111. xxxii. 363 We may cal it after the 
Greke Peplos, or following the Douche. Dyuels milke. 1611 
Frorio, Pefilio, Wilde-purcelaine, some take it for Diuels- 
milke or Pety-spurge. 1783 AinswortH Lat. Dict. (Morell) 
1, Devil’s milk (herb), 77¢hymadlus. 1878 Britten & Hott, 
Plant-n., Devil’s milk... Euphorbia Helioscopia. Middlesex. 

b. The Celandine, Chelidonium majus. 

1878 Britren & Hottanp Plant-n. Yorkshire.) 

Deviltry (dewltri). [Corruption of Devitry : 
perh. after such words as harlotry, gallantry, 
etc.] =Dervinry. (Dial. Eng. and U.S.) 

a@x82g in Forsy Voc. £. Anglia. 1825 J. Neat Bro. 
Fonathan M1. 257 All sorts of bloated she things attracted 
by the sharp odour of his deviltry. 1827 J. F. Coorer 
Prairie 11. i. 3 The imps will lie for hours .. brooding their 
deviltries. 1863 Reape //ard Cash liii, Dr. Sampson rushed 
in furious. ‘There is some deviltry afloat.’ 1876 HoLitanp 
Sev, Oaks xxiii. 324 What deviltry there is init, I don’t know. 
1893 Cath. News 5 Aug. 4/6 Imposture combined with a 
good deal of deviltry. 

ily, var. of DEvILLy a. and adv. Obs. 

Devine, -al, -or, etc., obs. ff. Divine, etc. 

+ Devi'nct, A//. a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dévinct- 
us obliged, devoted, greatly attached, pa. pple. of 
déevincire to bind fast, lay under obligations, f. dé 
(De- I. 3) + vznctre to bind.] Bound, bounden. 

573 Se. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 81 (Jam.) The said lady being 
.. obleist and devint' to be cairfull of his hienes preserua- 
tioun. 1614 R. WiLkinson Paire Serm. Ep. Ded. A iij b, 
His majesties euer deuoted, and now of late more deuinct 
and obliged Chaplaine. 1643 Sir J. Spetman Case of Affairs 
21 Devinct and obliged to i person of the King. 

Devious (di'vies), a. [f. L. déevi-ws out of the 
way (f. d@=Dr- I. 2 + vza way) + -ous.] 

1. Lying out of the way; off the high or main 
road; remote, distant, retired, sequestered. 

1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner \vij, They [wild 
swine] pigge, in desart, streyte, craggie and devious places. 
1667 Mitton P. L. m1. 489 A violent cross wind .. Blows 
them transverse ten thousand Leagues awry Into the devious 
Air. 1771 Mrs. Grirritu tr. Viaud’s Shipoureck 256 Where 
I thought .. to provide myself... better than in so devious 
and desolate a place as St. Marks. 1826 Scorr Woodst. xi, 
Showing .. upon how many devious coasts human nature 
may make shipwreck. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfé. 1. xx. 250 
These devious and untrodden ice-fields. 

2. Departing from the direct way; pursuing a 
berg or straying course; circuitous. 

1628 May in Le Grys tr. Barclay’s Argenis 181 The foes 
disranked fled Through deuious paths. _@1633 AusTIN 
Medit. (1635) 61 Neither had they, so devious a Journey, 
nor so long a time, to travell in, 1727-46 THomson Swemer 
80 The wildly-devious morning-walk. 1817 CoLERIDGE 
Poems, ‘ The Picture’, Alone, I rise and trace its devious 
course. 1874 L. Morris To an Unknown Poet i, Along 
thy devious Usk’s untroubled flow. 1887 Stevenson Under- 
woods 1, xx. 42 The river of your life I trace Up the sun- 
chequered, devious bed To the far-distant fountain-head. 

b. Of persons or moving bodies: Following 
a winding or erratic course ; rambling, roving. 

1735 SoMERVILLE Chase m1. 344 But whither roves my 
devious Muse? 1744 AKENsIDE Pleas. Jmag. 1. 197 The 
long career Of devious comets, 1868 Lowe. Willows v, 
A shoal Of devious minnows wheel from where a pike Lurks 
balanced. 

3. fig. Deviating or swerving from the straight 
way ; erring, straying. 

1633 Prynne Histrio-M. 1. vi. xii.(R.), Whose heart is so 
estranged from reason, so devious from the truth through 
perverse error. 1638 Cow .ry Love's Riddle iv, Yet still 
this devious Error draws me backward. 1650 Caussin’s 
Ang. Peace 53 Those men.. precipitate themselves into 
devious enormities. 1847 Loner. Zv. u. iii. 143 Like the 
sweet thoughts of love on a darkened and devious spirit. 

4. quasi-adv. With wandering or straying course. 

1782 Cowper Progr. Err. 60 Seek to .. lead him devious 
from the path of truth. 1784 — Tiroc. 309 To pitch the 
ball into the grounded hat, Or drive it devious with a 


DEVISE. 


dext’rous pat. 1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xxvii, I sought the 
Continent, and went devious through all its lands. 

Hence Deviously adv., in a devious manner or 
course, with deviation ; Deviousness. 

1727 Battey vol. II, Deviousness, swervingness, or going 
out of the way. 1742 WARBURTON Com. Pope's Ess. Man 
Wks. 1811 XI. 34 God .. deviously turns the natural bias of 
its malignity to the advancement of human happiness. 1791 
J. Wiitaker Gibbon'’s Decl. §& F. 252 (R.) No words can 
fully expose the astonishing deviousness of such a digression 
as this. 1842 C. WHITEHEAD X. Savage (1845) II. ix. 288 
Money that comes deviously into a man’s pocket goes 
crookedly out of it. 1870 Lowexi Study Wind., Good word 
Jor Winter (1871) 40 A nuthatch scaling deviously the trunk 
of some hard-wood tree. 

Devire, obs. form of Devorr. 

+ Devirginate, fa. pple. Obs. rare. [ad. L. 
devirginat-us, pa. pple. of dévirgindre : see next.] 
Deprived of virginity, deflowered. 

c1470 Harpinc Chron. vxut. xx, And for they would not 
be deuirgynate, They slewe theim all, 1600 Crarman 
Musvus 11. Argt., Fair Hero, left devirginate, Weighs, and 
with fury wails her state, 

+ Devirginate, v. Ols.  [f. L. devirginat- 
ppl. stem of dévirgindre to deprive of virginity, 
deflower, f. DE- I. 6 + virgin-em virgin, maid.] 
trans. To deprive of virginity ; to deflower, violate. 
Also fig. Hence Devi'rginated ///. a. 

1583 Stuppes Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 145 To deverg 
Mayds,’to deflour honest Wyues. 1624 Donne Serv. ii. 19 
That Virgin Soule devirginated in the blood of Adam but 
restored in the blood of the Lamb. @ 1639 W. Wuatery 
Prototypes i. xxxiv. (1640) 157 Though Shechem had done 
the Maiden this wrong to devirginate her. 1654 Gayton 
Pleas. Notes i. viii. 120 Her devirginated Daughter. a 1680 
R. ALLESTREE Sermz. (1684) II. 96 \L.) ‘To make use of 
watchfulness over ourselves, that sin do not devirginate us, 

Devirgina‘tion. § [ad. lL. dvirginition-en, 
n. of action from L. dévirginare : see prec.] The 
action of devirginating ; deflowering of a virgin. 

1606 HoLianp Swefon. 192 Maidens, when they bee forced 
and suffer devirgination, 1650 BuLWER Anthropomet, 226. 
1704 D’Urrey V2. Advent. 187 A devirgination Was justice 
upon this occasion. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Devirgination, 
the loss of the signs of virginity from sexual connection. 

Devirginator. vave. [a. L. agent-n. from 
dwvirginare to Devircinate.] <A deflowerer, 
ravisher. In quot /ig. 

1889 R. Exiis Comment. on Catull. \xii. 32 An attack on 
Night, the Devirginator, the foe of sun and daylight. 

Devisable ((‘vai:zab'l), a. Also 6 devysable, 
diuisable, 6-9 deviseable. [a. OF. devisadble, 
that can be divided; in AF. that can be assigned 
by will; f. devdser to DEVISE.] 

1. Law. That can be devised or bequeathed, as 
real property: see DEVISE v. 4. 

(rz92 Britton 11. xx. § 7 Si.. le tenement soit devisable 
par usage et custume da lu, sicum est de burgages.] 
1535 Act 27 Hen, VIII, c. 10 $1 By the common lawes .. 
landes, tenementes and hereditamentes, be not diuisable 
by testamente. 1590 SwinpurNE 7estaments gt Whether 
corne growing on lande morgaged, bee deuiseable. 1628 
Coxe Ox Litt, 322 Tenements deuisable to another for 
life, or for yeares. 1755 Macens /xsarvances 11. 369 ‘The 
Shares in the capital Stock shall be transferrable and devis- 
able. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 405 Uses were devisable, 
although at that time lands were not. 1847 7az?'s A/ag. 
XIV. 192 Genius and talent are not devisable possessions. 
1875 Poste Gaius 111. Comm. (ed. 2) 422 Land held in emphy- 
teusis was alienable, devisable, descendible by intestacy. 

2. That can be devised or contrived ; contrivable. 

1649 SavLeR Rights af A eegiern 189 (T.) If there be no 
records, there is scarce devisable a legal traverse or a trial. 
1677 Barrow Sern, Wks. 1686 II. 36 Exceptions or cavils 
devisable by curious or captious wits. 1795 Femzma 11. 
39 Every devisable method for obtaining her, 1889 Mrs. 
Lynn Linton Thro’ Long Night u. ix, Any folly devisable 
by man. é i . 

+3. Of deceitful contrivance, of feigned nature. 

1659 Mitton Civ. Power Wks. 1848 II. 547 The more they 
will. . find how false and deviseable that common saying is, 
which is so much relied upon. 

Devisal (divai-zal). rare. [f. DEVISE v. + -AL. 
Cf. OF. devisaiile device.] The act of devising ; 
contrivance, invention. 

1854-6 Patmorre Angel in Ho, 1. 1. Vi. (1879) 201 If aught 
of your devisal prove Too hard or high to do or be. 1875 
Wauitney Life Lang. xiv. 309 Each word .. has its own 
place, mode, and circumstances of devisal. 

Deviscerate (divisére't), v. rare. [f. De- II. 
1 + L. viscera entrails + -ATE3.] To disembowel, 
eviscerate. Hence Devi'scerated ///. a., Devis- 
cera‘tion, ‘the removal of the abdominal viscera’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

I Battey vol. II, Deviscerated, imbowelled. 

vise (divai'z), v. Forms: 4-5 deuise-n, 5— 
devise; also 4 deuis, -iss, 4-5 dyuyse, 4-6 
deuyse, diuise, -yse, deuice, 5 dyuise, Sc. de- 
wice, dyuys, 5-6 deuys, dewyss(e, Sc. dewyse, 
6 devize, Sc. dewyiss, diwyse. [a. OF. devise-r 
to divide, etc. = Pr. and OSp. devisar, It. divisare 
:—late pop.L. *divisdre, freq. of dividére to DivipE, 
which by dissimilation became devzsare in Romanic. 
The sense-development was far advanced before the 
word was taken into English ; OF. had the senses, 
‘to divide, distribute, dispose in portions, arrange, 
array, dispose of, digest, order, form a plan or 

37 * 


inat 


confer together ; to blazon armes ; also, to surmise, 

to thinke, to seeme vnto’.] - 

+1. érans. To divide ; to separate, part; to dis- 
Obs, 


R. Bauxxe Chron. (18 sty Tn bre parties to She 
his oste he did deuise. 1340 Pr. Cousc. i 


fro 

Mavunnev. ( ) xvii. 79 Inde es diuised in partys. 

1483 Caxton Cate Ev, A waye whyche is deuysed in thre 
wayes. 

+b. To separate mentally, distinguish. Oés. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 22929 ( Fairf.) Wele can he deuise pe tane 

fra tober. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 237/2 Thou hast 

in thy corage .. how thou myghtest deuyse the 


a of eche. : 
+2. To arrange, set in battle array. Ods. 

¢ 1395 Coer de L. 3928 Kyng Richard. .devysyd hys hoost 
in the feeld. (C£& quot. 1330 in sense 1.) 

+3. To assign, appoint, order, direct. (a/so/. or 
trans. with simple obj. or obj. clause.) Oés. ~ 

1303 R. Bauxne Havdl. Synne 9510 But he were .. In 
= stone rs a ee As lesu cryst hap ar 
sede. crzag E. EL Allit. P. B23 pryuely in paradys his 
place watz devised. 1375 pit gt ate vn oer As is 
deuisit, thai haue done. c¢ 1420 Pallad. om Husé. ni, 21 
Chiches sowe afore as I devysed. c1qg0 Meriin 58 What 
wilt thow that I do, for I will do euen as thow wilte devise. 
¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 374 He him baptysyd, And to 
him his name dyuysid. 15¢8 Hatt Chrva. 11 For .- this 
— he devised a solempne justes to be .. at Oxforde. 
1597 Montcomerte Cherri¢ & Slae 927 Cum on.. And do as 
we deuyse. 1606 G. W[oovcocke] tr. Asst. /estine 26b, 
They were forced to deuise and let out their Citty vato 
strangers. 

4 Law. To assign or give by will. Now techni- 
cally used only of realty, but formerly of all kinds 
of property that could be disposed of by will, =be- 
queath. 

[In med L. dived? re =testamento disponere : see Du Cange. 

The primary sense was literally ‘to divide or distribute one’s 
possessions’, but the word had apparently passed into that 
of ‘assign or ordain by will’ before its adoption in English. 
Cf. quot. 1375 in sense 5 b.} 

(1347 Test. Ebr. (Surtees) 1 44 (Will of Earl Warenne) 
Tic devek a Isabelle de Holland ma compaigne mon anel 
dor.) E. E, Wills (1882) 4, 1 deuyse to Thomas my 
sone, a of tapicers werk. ¢ 1422 Hoccceve Min. Poems 
(1892) 219 Y to thee dyuyse Iewelles .iij. a ryng brooch & 
a clooth. xg7g tr. Littieton’s Tenures 356, A man may 
devise by his testament hys lands and tenementes. 1647 
N. Bacon Disc. Gort. Eg. 1. lxii.(1739'126 Richard the first 
devised the Crown to King John. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa 
(1811) I. xix. 136 Giving up to my fathers controul the estate 
devised me. 1828 Cruise Digest ved. 2) VI. 17 Persons under 
the age of twenty-one years are incapable of devising their 
lands. 1827 Jarman Powells Devises I. 12 Lands or goods 
cannot be devised to superstitions uses, within stat. 25 
Hen. VII. c 10, by any means whatsoever. 1837 Act 7 
Will. 1V & 1 Vict. c. 26 § 33 Any person. .to whom any real 
or personal estate shall be devised or bequeathed. @ 1845 
Sreruen ates Engi. (ed. 6) 1. 620 Where a man devises 
lands to his heir at law. 1862 Troctore Ordey F. i (ed. 4) 2 
‘This codicil .. devised a sum of two thousand pounds to 
acertain Miriam Elsbech. 1895 Pottock & Marrtann // ist. 
Eng. Law I. 336 The modern convention which sets apart 
* devise’ for ‘realty * and ‘ bequeath" for * personalty *. 

5. To order, appoint, or arrange the plan or de- 
sign of; to plan, contrive, think out, frame, invent ; 
a. something material, as a work of art or a 
mechanical contrivance. (Formerly including the 
notion ‘to construct, frame, fashion’; now ex- 


bowes two, 
York in Surtees Misc. (x 55 A convenient 


Turks (1638 pag Pol me than his wr ke 
(1638) lore ingenious in 

warlike 1784 Task t. 211 The artist whose 
ingenious Devised the Weatherhouse, that useful 
toy! 1860 Tyxpate Glac. 1. xxx. 404 [An] instrument .. 
exceeding i AO h devised. 1863 Gero. 
Euor Romela +. iii, inlaying and statued niches, 
which Gi devised a hundred and fifty years before. 


é 


Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 62/2 The ingenuity 
he devised tools for . . lock-maki 


write. x375 Bs Bruce xx. His testament deuisit 

he, And it how his land be Gouernit. 24-. Lync. 

Teall Cae 09 Be ae Sate 1 on oe 
ALSGR. can 

a thing but I can nat penne it. wage Stannay Bag 


b3 


we eo 


in diui or sane tenet Gna ies 
Suaxs. Papa gen teas eee ise of 
Cxsar. 1661 Brawnatt Fust Wind. iv. oie 
xiv. BA 

eae teted. 1833 Hr. Martixeau Sriery Creeév. 115 
hc pd nx aay i have been devised for their 

evening Sux B. Bronte Psychol. Jug. 11. 
iii. 105 It is umpossible to devise any sanitary measures 


w eq! ig. 
Civilis. iv. (1875) 167 Having devised words for father and 
mother. iss a 


¢. aésol. or with clause: To contrive, plan 
(that . . ., how .. ., etc., or to do something). 
e E. E. Allit. P. B. 1100 Wel clanner pen any 


deuyse. c1go0 Rom. Rese 7362 At the last they | 
devysed, That wolde gone in tapimage. ¢ 1420 /’allad_ 


and impositions upon the people. 
i you'l vse 


heard my prayer. 

x, For Nature also, 

the individual form. 
+d. To design, draw, represent by art. Oés. 

@ 1400-50 1 /erander 280 In pis opir drat ware deuysid 
a dusan of bestis. 1400 Destr. Trey 1673 Twenty pase vp 
pight all of pure cristall, Pat were shynyng full shene shalkes 
to deuyse. 1590 Srewsex F.(Q). ut 2 31 That deare Crosse 
uppon your shield devizd. 

+6. a. ref. To plan, determine, resolve. Ods. 

1 Gower Conf IIL. 248 He all hole the cite lad Right 
as he wolde him self devise. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 
6342 Pe seruand sees many penys Lig on the toumbe, he 
him deuys To stele of paim belyue. 

+b. intr. To resolve or decide ufon. Obs. 

1548 Unat, etc. Erasw. Par. Pref. 18 Lyke a man that 
had deuised upon it afore. 1998 Barcxtev Fedic. Man ut. 
(1603) 161 Devising upon a man that might see this treason 
punished. E 

+c. with 7#f. To design. Oés. 

3714 Gay Skeph. Week v. 1g | M Patient Grissel I devise to 
sing. 

7. trans. In a bad sense: a. To plot, scheme, 
lay plans to bring about (evil). arch. Const. with 
simple obj. or infin. 

c1g0oo Desir. Trey 9478 To deire hym with dethe he duly 
deuyser, With an arow. 1§13 Moar in Grafton Chron. Il. 
788 Under pretext of her dutie to Godward, she divised to 
disturbe this mariage. a1 Lo. Bexxers won Ixv. 223 
These .ii. traytours devysyd and concludyd the deth of Huon. 
1633 G. Hersert J emple, Sacrifice v, For thirtie pence he 
did my death devise. r7gt Cowrer a? vit. 533 Devising 
_.calamity to Troy. 1864 Tensyson Aydaer’s Sield 785 
And knew not what they did, but sat Ignorant, devising 
their own daughter's death ! 

b. To contrive or make up deceitfully or falsely ; 
to feign, forge, invent. arch. 

1513 More Rick. ///, Wks. 56 Much mater was ther.. 
deuised to the slaunder of y? lord Chamberlain. Play 
Ntweley in Simpson Sch. Skaks. (1878) 166, I cannot tell 
what todo. I'll devise some ‘scuse. 19719 Frevthinker No. 
109. P2 The Eldest .. devised a monstrous Calumny to ruin 
his Brother. 1820 Soctney Ode St. George's Day 1 The 
tales which fabling monks of old Devised. 1887 Bowen 
Virg. Aincid w. 51 Devise fair pleas for delay. 

+e. with 06/. c/., or adsol. To feign, pretend. 
x600 FE. Buownxr tr. Comestaggie 208 Incouraging them, 


By 
and warm ..devising long . . Matures 


sometimes devising that the French suceours were on the | 


way, sometimes shewing the. forces to bee greater then 
they were. 1609 Howiann A meow. Marcell. xxx. iv. 386 If 
thou s devise | Axreris] and say, That wilfully 
thou hadst murtheredghine owne mother. 1610 — Casmeeten's 
Brit. (1637) 8 He .. deviseth first that this Brutus was 
a Consul of Rome. 


+ 8. trans. (or absol.) To ‘contrive’ successfully ; 
to achieve, accomplish, ‘ ge’. Obs. 
3340-70 Alex. & Dind. 670 Hercules. . Diuisede here..a 
in of wondrus. 1415 Hoccteve Te Sir ¥. Oldcastle 51x 
‘Thee hie as faste as bat thou canst dyuyse. xgs3 T. Wusox 
Rhet, (1580) 21 [He] could not devise the yng of some 
Letters, in his Crosse rowe.. whereas before. .he wrote both 
fast and faire. c 1992 Martows Mass. Paris 1. Could 


; 


, eG, oe 
= 


¢ 1400 Destr. 
of pis dede as 
os ia cet be cule 
‘20% CXXii. 
| aye a 
cite and 
o> Forpe 
should 

content. 

+12. trans. To 
look at att 

¢ 1320 Sh 
diuise be toures stoute. 
shulde ar he did any 
Alexander 5299 

Seagen ae ohen. Barciay Shyp of Folys ( 
me 1509 ¥ 1 
iichelde oato your prince Consider his sadeas, bis honsatie 
+ b. To perceive, discern, observe. Ods. 

@ 1x0 Cwrser M. 9895 \Gott.) Baylis has pis castel thre, 
ee Sout, Ae 35 8 Sm Rear 
@ 1400-50 wander Sone as ser Dary it deuysid, 
sezis his foke faile. 2aage Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 1148 ‘That 
no man counsel devise. 160 Suecron Qxdx. tv. vii. 
11. 88 We Pheebus may devise Shine thro’ the rosal Gates 
of th’ Orient bright. 

+13. To set forth in detail, recount, describe. 
a xgee Corser BT. Boge (Cust) Stomen be oye, A 
coth naman deuis. ¢ 1300 A. Adis. 7. is no nede heore 
armes to Gower Con/. I. 206 And tho began 
childis moder fonde. 


$ 
i 


deray. ¢1 
went, as I l you devise. 
+ b. intr. or absol. To give an account. Oés. 

¢1goo Keone. Rese 888 His beaute gretly was to preyse: 
But of his robe to devise 1 drede encombred for to be. 
€1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. c. \1869) 54 B 
dieu spak and diuised of these belles. 160% Jouxsox 
Aingd. & Comenew. (1603) 194 Hitherto have we devised 
of Siam and Pegu (as a 

Portugals into India. /Aid. (1603) 207 Of whose originall 
and fortunes ..it shall not bee amisse to devise. 

+14. To confer, commune, discourse, converse, 
talk. Oés. [Soin mod.F.] a. ref. 

©1477 Caxton Fasom 34 b, And we shall deuise us to geder 
of oure auentures. ¢ — Blanxchardyn xvi. 52 The 
proude pucelle..talked and denysed her self sore harde and 
angerty wyth her maystres. 

+ b. intr. 

€ Caxton Fason 51b, Knowyng that he 
jou he denised to him of many thinges and meruailes. 
1$30 Pacsom. 514 2, I devyse, I talke or fynde comunycacion. 


at Lo. Beasuns Huss xx. 54 Afar they bod Guavdaed 
deaysed too gether a grete space. 15996 Srensen State Jred. 
2 Let us..a Bite devin of then oS, ly ek 
country is held in this wretched case. 1600 Hottaxp Livy 
XLV. xii, 1208 He answered that he would devise with.. 
his and consider w was best to be don. 1614 
Ratewcn Aist. World v. iii. § 1 His father, and other 
friends, had long time this businesse. 


+c. trans. with cognate obj. 

1538 Stankey Exgland 1. i. 1 schal now at thys leser.. 
some thyng wyth you, Master Lvpset, dewyse, touchyng the 
ordur of our cuntrey and commyn wel. 
(divarz), 36. Law. Also 6-7 
[a. OF. devise, devis (in same sense :—Romanic 
devise, devisa, for L. divisus, and (late) divisa, 
from ppl. stem of drmdére to divide, distribute, 
apportion, also, in med.L., = di: testamento, 
to dispose by will, In med.L., dfeisa was in 
common use = divisie, origi 


goods by 

itself is called divisa [and ae (Da Come). 
The same word as Device sé., formerly 
sometimes spelt device; the eventual victory of the 


| form devise may be partly due to the influence of 


we devise To get those pedants from the King Navarre, — 


‘That are tutors 


+9. To 

wo (Also ant) pony mr 

€ mavcer L. GW. 1453 ty tes Anoon Argus hi 

i devyse. 1400 's Cirnrg. It 
~? ay medicyn after seaniadee 


.) To conceive, imagine; to 


Obs. 
coreg EE: tilt. PB. 1046 Also red & so ripe & rychely 
device oute. 


to him. } 
prepare with skill, make ready, provide, 


peu 
‘ 
i 


the med.L. divisa in wills, but is prob. more owing 
to the influence of the verb, and the close association 


tf 
i 
i 
ie 
i 
il 


i 
i 
Gi 
f 


i 
h 
Ny 
i 
ie 


; 


! 
i 


if 
a 
a 


i 
é 
9 
4 


DEVISED. 


appoint in any manner you think proper, 1876 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. V. xxiii. 329 For the first time in our story, 
a devise of the Crown made before the actual vacancy 
took effect. 1895 Pottrock & Mairianp Hist. Eng. Law 
IL. 332 In the year 1182 .. the king made, not indeed his 
testament, but his division or devise (divésam suam) of a 
certain portion of his fortune. 

B. 1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie mi. xix. (Arb.) 241 No 
man can say its his by heritage, Nor by Legacie, or ‘Testa- 
tours deuice. 1618 Boron /Vorus 1. xx. 157 The people.. 
entring upon the whole estate, retained it .. by vertue of 
his device, and Testament. a@ 1626 Bacon Jax. § Uses 
Com. Law xiv. (1636) 58 If I devise the mannour of D .. of 
which at that time I am not seised.. this device is void. 


Devised (divai-zd), ppl. a. [f. Devise v. + 
-ED ',] Planned, contrived, invented, feigned, etc.: 


see the verb. 

1ssz Hutoet, Deuised, cogitatus .. Deuised in thought, 
or purposed precisely, meditatus. 1553 T. Witson Kiet. 

sho) 179 Allegories, and darke devised sentences. 1611 

IBLE 2 Pet, i. 16 Wee have not followed cunningly depised 
fables. 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 82 Worthily 
speaketh M. Perkins .. when men set up a devised worship, 
they set up also a devised God. a 1850 Catnoun /i/s. 
(1874) IV. 26 What is it but a cunningly devised scheme, 
to replenish the treasury of some of the states. 

Devisee (divai:z7"). Law. [f. Devise v. + -Ee.] 
The person to whom property is devised by will : 
see DEvVISE v. 4. (Correlative to devisor.) 

1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 17 The right and title 
of the donees, feoffes, lessees, and deuisees therof. 1602 
Furpecke 2vd Pt. Parall. 33 The deuisee cannot take the 
goodes without the deliuerie of the executor. 1767 BLAck- 
stone Comm, IL. 108 If the devise be to a man and his 
assigns, without annexing words of perpetuity, there the 
devisee shall take only an estate for life. 1813 Examiner 
8 Feb. 95/2 The nephew was to be heir or devisee and 
legatee of .. the uncle’s property, 1875 Poste Gaius u. 
Comm. (ed. 2) 227 In the language of English jurisprudence, 
Heir denotes a successor to real estate by descent, Devisee 
denotes a successor to real estate under a will. 

Devisely, obs. var. DIVISELY adv. 

Devi'sement. vare. [a. OF. devisement, f. 
deviser to DEVISE: see -MENT.] 

1. Description. (Cf. DEVISE v. 13.) 

c1gzas EZ. E. Allit, P. A. 1019, I knew hit by his deuyse- 
ment, In be apocalyppez be apostel Iohan. As Iohan 
deuysed 3et sa3 I pare. ; ; 

2. The act of devising or contriving ; a device. 

1sq4x Wyatr Defence Wks. (1861) p. xxvi, For the invent- 
ing, for the setting forth, for the indictment, for devisement 
of the dilating of the matters. 1879 [S. Moses] S/irit- 
Identity 97 App. 1. § 5 Cunning devisements of curious 
brains. 

Deviser (divaiza1). Also 4 Sc. dewisowr, 
4-6 deuysour, 4-7 diviser, 6 deuisour, deuy- 
sar, -er, 6-7 (9) devisor. [ME. devysour,a. AF. 
devisour =OF. deviseor, -eur, f. deviser to DEVISE. 
In mod.Eng. (exc. in a special sense : see DEVISOR) 
the suffix is changed into the common .agent- 
ending -ER.] 

One who devises; a contriver, inventor, framer, 
forger, plotter, schemer, etc.: cf. the verb. 

1523 Lv. Berners /oiss, 1. ccxxxi. 316 The prince of 
Wales was a mean bytwene them, and chefe deuysour therof. 
1538 Starkey Exgland 11. iii. 80 Curyouse descanterys and 
deuysarys of new songys. 1571 GoLpinc Calvin on Ps, vii. 
16 Devisers of mischeefe perish through their own devises. 
1577 Norrusrooke Dicing (1843) 116 Who was the firste 
deuisour of dyce playing ? 1614 Raceicn Hist. World ut. 
24 The deviser of the mischiefe against Cyrus. 1646 Sir 
T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. iii, 11 They are daily mocked 
into errour by subtler devisors. 1672 Eacuarp Hobbes’s State 
Nat. (1705) 11 As very a deviser, as if you had found out 
gun-powder or printing. 179 Cowper /éiad iv. 398 And 
thou, deviser of all evil wiles! 1867 Freeman Nori. Cong. 
(1876) I. App. 629 ‘The first deviser of the scheme. 

+b. One who makes ready, plans, or arranges 
(a feast, etc.) : cf. DevIsE v. 9. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xx. 72 Devysouris of that fest till be. 
e1g00 Three Kings Sons 182 The kynge was the best diuiser 
that any man coude fynde. 

+c. One who prepares the plans of a building, 
etc.; an architect. Ods. 

1548 Parten Exped. Scotl. in Arb. Garner IIL. 76 Sir 
Richard Lee Knight, Devisor of the fortifications to be 
made. 1581 Mutcaster Positions xli. (1887) 242 What 
should .. maryners, deuisours, architectes..do with latin, 
1647 Hawarv Crown Rev. 23 Devisor of the Buildings. 

Devising (divoi-zin), vd. sd. [f. Devise v. + 
-InG1.]_ The action of the verb DEvISE; contriv- 
ing, planning, invention, etc. 

c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg.(MS. B) 106 Aftere be devysinge 
of my symple wytt. 1530 Parser. 213/2 Devisyng, deus. 
I Hooker Eccl. Pod. 1. viii, That in them God hath .. 
left his intent to be acc lished by our diuising: @ 1610 
Heatey Theophrastus, Newes Sorging (1636) 32 A devising 
of deeds and words at the fancy or pleasure of the Inventor. 
1879 MeCartuy Own Times Il. xxiii. 190 He sometimes 
rode in a_ curious little cab of his own devising. 1885 
Brivces Nevo 1. i. 2/2 The curse of life is of our own de- 
vising, Born of man’s ignorance and selfishness. 

+b. Conversation, talking (DEVISE v. 14). Obs. 

1586 B. Younc Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. wv, 178 He thought .. 
such a companie .,would have passed the time in some 
manner of devising, and discourses, but now perceaved 
himselfe to be rather in a .. silent place. 

e. Law. The bequeathing of real property (Dr- 


VISE v. 4). 
1868 Rocers Po. Econ. xvii. (1876) 228 That which relates 
to the letting, devising, and settlement of land. 


291 


Devision, obs. form of Division. 

Devisor (dévai'zj1). Law. Also 6-7 -our. 
[a. AF. deavisour, = OF. deviseor, -eur, {. deviser to 
Devise. Formerly used in all senses of the vb., 
for which DevisER is now the general form.] 
One who devises (real property) by will; one who 
makes a devise. (Correlative to devisee.) 

1842-3 ct 34-5 Hen. VIII, c 5 § 11 After the death of 
any such owner or deuisour which shall make any such 
. deuice by his last will in writing. 1574 [see Devise sé.]. 
1657 Sir H. Grimstone in Croke’s Rep. 1. 476 The intent of 
the devisor. 1767 BLackstone Comm IL. 379 No after- 
purchased lands will pass under such devise, unless, sub- 
sequent to the purchase or contract, the devisor re-publishes 
his will, 1876 Dicsy Read Prop. viii. 351 No liability 
attached to the lands in the hands of the devisee for the 
debts of the devisor. 

Devisor, -our, obs. forms of DEVISER. 

+ Devitable, a. Obs.—° [f. L. dévitdre DEVITE 
v. + -BLE.] 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Devitadle, easy to be shunned or 
avoided. 

Devitalize (d/vai'talaiz), v, [f. De- IL. r + 
ViTALIzeE.] trans. To deprive of vitality or vital 
qualities ; to render lifeless or effete. 

1849 I. TayLor Loyola § Fes. (1857) 359 The philosophy 
which is propounded to youth must be devitalized. 1861 
H. Macminvan Footnotes Page Nat. 223 Those [persons].. 
being devitalized by other noxious influences, such as viti- 
ated air, defective sewerage, bad water, or an inadequate 
supply of food. 1869 [see Drevive]. 1876 Contemp. Rev. 
XXVIII. 729 This one incontestable fact of itself overthrows 
or devitalizes the entire doctrine. 1883 H. Drummonp Nat, 
Law in Spir. WW, (ed. 2) 86 The biologist cannot devitalise 
a plant or an animal and revivify it again. 

Hence Devi'talized, Devi'talizing ///. ai/s. ; 
also Devi:taliza‘tion, the action of devitalizing. 

1866 Reader 1 Sept. 770 Fungi .. flourish on .. surfaces... 
which belong to devitalized beings. 1871 Sat. Rev. 1 Apr. 
398/2 New preparations of concentrated food .. to meet the 
*devitalization ’ which seems increasing in what we suppose 
to be the well-nourished class of families. 1875 H.C. Woop 
Therap.(1879) 349 The poison exerts no destructive chemical 
or devitalizing influence upon the tissues. 1875 B. W. 
Ricuarpson Dis. Mod. Life 385 Devitalized air finds its 
entrance into human habitations. 

+ Devita‘tion. Ods. rare. [ad. L. devitation- 
em,‘n. of action f. dévitdre: see next.) Shunning, 
avoiding ; exhortation to shun: the opposite of 
tnvilation. 

1614 T. Avams Devil's Banquet 45 If there be any here 
that .. will venture himselfe a guest at the Deuils Banket, 
maugre all devitation, let him stay and heare the Reckon- 
ing. 1623 CockeraM, Deuitation, an eschuing. 

+ Devi'te, v. Obs. vare—'. [f. L. dévitare to 
shun, avoid, f. Dre- I. 3 + vitare to shun. Cf. IN- 
viTE.] ¢rvans. To shun. 

1549 CHALONER Evasm. Morie Enc. Riija, I exhorte you 
.. to devite or shonne the company of heretikes. r 

{ nonce-use. To ask not (fo do): the opposite 
of cnvite. 

1832 Lams Let. fo Cary in Life & Lett. Wks. (1865) 174 
I am de-vited to come on Wednesdays. 

Devitrification (divitrifikzi-fan). [a. mod. 
F. dévitrification (1803 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. dévé- 
trifier: see next.] The action or process of de- 
vitrifying ; deprivation of vitreous character ; esp. 
change (of rocks) from a glassy to a crystalline 
condition. 

1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. xvi. 317 heading, On 
the Devitrification of Glass. /éid. 326 The devitrification 
was by no means perfect. 1865 Ecclesiologist XXVI. 269 
The process of de-vitrification in ancient painted glass. 
18 utLey Stud. Rocks x.163 The development of micro- 
liths is one of the causes of devitrification in glassy rocks 
and in artificial glass, 188x Jupp Volcanoes ix. 258 These 
glassy rocks easily undergo ‘ devitrification’, 

Devitrify (divitrifoi), v. [f De- Il 1 + 
Virriry; app. after F. dévitrifier (1803 in Hatz.- 
Darm.).] ¢vans. To deprive of vitreous. qualities 
or properties; to cause (glass or a vitreous sub- 
stance) to become opaque, hard, and crystalline in 
structure. Hence Devi'trified f//. a. 

1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. 325 Experiments made 
to devitrify stained glass taken from church windows. /é¢d. 
326 Glass, when devitrified, becomes a much more perfect 
conductor of heat and electricity. /did. xvi. heading, Power 
of devitrified glass to bear sudden changes of temperature. 
1879 RutLey Stud. Rocks x. 170 In most instances this 
impure or devitrified matter is opaque. 

Devi've, v. nonce-wd. [f. Dx- II. 1, after revive.] 
trans. To render lifeless, devitalize. 

1869 Owen in Microsc. ¥rni. May 294 O: 
we can devitalise and revitalise—devive an 
times. 

Devize, obs. form of DEvIsE. 

Devocalize (divowkalaiz), v. [f. De- II. 1 + 
Vocaize.] trans. To make (a vowel or voice con- 
sonant) voiceless or non-sonant. 

1877 Sweet Phonetics 142 [W] often becomes (44) and even 
(@), which, when a voiceless consonant follows, is devocalised 
[tof]. 1888 — Lng. Sounds 18 The more primitive Sanskrit 
usage. .devocalizes finally only before a pause or a breath 
consonant. 

Hence Devocaliza‘tion. ‘ 

1879 Sweet in Tvans. Philol, Soc. 484 Before voiceless 
stops there is always devocalization. 


isms which 
revive—many 


DEVOID. 


+ De'vocate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dévocdt- 
ppl. stem of dévocdre to call off, away, or down, f. ° 
De- I. 1, 2+ vocdre to call.] 

trans. ‘To call down. 

(In quot. 1570 perhaps ‘to make calls or demands’, if not 
a misprint for derogate.) 

c1570 Preston Caméyses in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 188 Vhe 
Commons of you do complain, From them you devocate. 
1633 W. SrrutHER 77ve //appiness 52 Superstitious wor- 
shippers thinke by their prayers, as charmes, to devocat and 
draw God out of heaven. 

+ Devoca‘tion. és. [n. of action f. L. dévoc- 
are: see prec. and -ation.] A calling down or 
away. 

1623 CockerAM 11, A Cad/ing downe, deuocation. 1661 
Rust Origen in Phenix (1721) 1. 33 All corporeal Pleasure 
having something of Confusion and Disturbance in it, 
together with a strong magical Devocation of the Animad- 
version of the sense of it. 1680 HattywetL Aelampr. 97 
(‘T.) To be freed and released from all its [sorcery’s] blandish- 
ments and flattering devocations. 

Devoid (divoid), a. Also 5-6 devoide, 
-voyde, 5 -vode, 6 -voyd. [Originally pa. pple. 
of Drevoipz., short for (or collateral variant of 
devoided ; see next.] 

With of: Empty, void, destitute (of some attri- 
bute) ; entirely without or wanting. (Originally 
participial, like dere/t, and, like the latter, only 
used predicatively, or following its substantive.) 

€ 1400 Kom, Rose 3723 Devoid of pride certaine she was. 
1430 LypG. Chron. Troy 1. v, So is my meaning cleane 
devoyde of syn. ¢ 1465 Pod. Kel. § L. Poems (1866) 2 Devode 
of vices, 1509 Hawes Conv ers 47 Go lytell treatyse 
deuoyde of eloquence. 1530 Parser. 310/1 Devoyde, with- 
out or delyvered of a thyng, vagrde. 1603 Knoiies //ist 
Turks (1638) 101 He lay specchlesse, deuoid of sence and 
motion. 1660 BovLe New “vf. Phys, Mech. xxxiii. (1682) 
126 ‘Vhough it be not quite devoy'd of all body whatsoever. 
1762 FaLconer SA‘pwr. ut. 181 A wretch deform’d, devoid 
of ev'ry grace. 1865 W.G. Patcrave Arabia I. 410 A very 
simple style of dress, devoid of ornament or pretension. 

b. without of: Void, empty. rare. 

1590 Spenser /*. Q. 1. ix. 15 When I awoke, and found her 
place devoyd, And nought but pressed gras where she had 
lyen, I sorrowed all so much as earst I joyd. 

+ Devoid, v. Vés. or rave. Forms: 4-7 devoyde, 
4-6 -vode, 5-6 -voyd, -vyde, 5-7 -void(e, 4-5 
dewoyde, 5 -voyede, 6 -wod, -woyd, -wid). 
[a. OF. de-, desvotdier, -vuidier, -voyder, in mod. 
I’. dévider, £. de-, des- \L. dis-) + vutde, mod. vide, 
empty. Cf. med.L. désvacedre, in same sense. ] 

(In 15-16th c. sometimes confused in form with Divipe..) 

+1. trans. To cast out, get rid of, do away with, 
remove, expel; to void. Oés. 

c1325 E. FE. Addit, P.A. 15 Wyschande pat wele Pat wont 
watz whyle deuoyde my wrange. /did. B. 544 De-voydynge 
pe vylanye pat venkquyst his bewez. c1g00 Row, Rose 
2929 Right so is al his woo fulle soone Devoided clene. 
a1400-50 Alexander 4327 Auyrice & errogaunce & all we 
devoide. ¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 45 Devoyde po worme- 
etone alle bydene. c 1485 Digby Myst. 111. 787 Wexal gete 
yow leches, 30wer peynes to devyde. 1508 Dunpar 7ua 
Mariit Wem, 166, 1 sall the venome devoid with a vent 
large, And me assuage of the swalme, that suellit wes gret. 
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, 45, 61, 63, 64- 

+b. To destroy, annihilate. Ods. 

c1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 908 For we schal tyne pis toun 
& traypely disstrye, Wyth alle bise wy3ez so wykke wy3tly 
deuoyde. a1400-s0 Ale-vander 3875 ‘To be deuowrid & 
devoidid and vencuste for euire. . 

+c. To empty out, pour out, discharge. Obs. 
e140 Bk. Curtasye 718 in Badees Bk. (1868) 323 For a pype 
per is insyde so clene, Pat water deuoydes, of seluer schene. 
1513 Douctas 4éneis xu. i, 10 The Latyn pepyll..gan 
devoid [v. ». devode], and hostit owt full cleyr Deip from 
thar brestis the hard sorow smart. 

+2. To vacate; to leave. Ods. 

¢ 1328 Coer de L. 1228 He took hys doughter by the hand, 
And bad her swythe devoyde hys land. a1450 Le Morte 
Arth. 1167 There-fore devoyede my companye. | 1545 
Aberdeen Reg. V. 19 (Jam.) He is ordanit to dewid the 
tovnn within xxiiij houris. 

+b. vefl. To withdraw (oneself). Obs. 

a 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 243, I am with 3ow at alle 
tymes whan 3e to councel me calle, But for a short tyme 
myself I devoyde. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 123 Or tha 
culd diuyde thame of that land, Tha war baith tane and fast 
bund fit and hand. : 

+e. intr. (for ref.) To go away, withdraw. 
c1485 Digty Myst. v. 380 Here lucyfere devoydeth, and 
commyth in ageyne as a goodly galaunt. 1497 in Phil. 
Trans. XLII. 421 ‘That they devoyd and pass with 
thame, 
+8. trans. To avoid, shun ; to get out of the way 


of. Obs. - 

1gog Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxv. xviii, I ful swyftly dyd 
geve back ful oft, For to devoyde his great strokes unsoft. 
1530 Patscr. 515/1 It shalbe harde to devoyde this mater: 
ce seroyt forte chose de euiter ceste matiere. 

+4. To empty; to make void or empty. Oés. 

@x400-50 Alexander 2938 Alexander. .clekis vp be — 
& putis in his bosom. Anobire boll was him bro3t & bathe 
he deuoydid. 1430 Lyne. in Turner Dom. Archit. UI. 39 
The canell scoured was so clene, And deuoyded into secrete 


wyse. : 
+b. To empty, clear, rid, free (of). Ods. 
¢140 Hottanp How/at 519, I sal devoid the of det, Or de 
in the place. c1g00 Lancelot 1022 Now help thi-self at neid, 
And the dewod of euery point of dred. 1535 Stewart Cron. 
Scot. U1. 163 To devoid Scotland Of Inglismen. 1548 Gest 
Pr. Masse 80 Howe coulde the bread an vm pave to hys 
-2 


DEVOIDER. 


purpose, yf they were utterly divoided of theyr accostumed 
nature ? 


+ 5. To render void or of none effect. rave —1. 

1601 Br. W. Bartow Defence 225 Least..the Apostles 
labour, by their carelesse leuitie, or carnall securitie, should 
bee deuoyded and abased. ‘ 

6. To make devoid ; to divest. rare. nonce-wid. 

1878 NV. Amer, Rev. CXXVI. 372 In any minds, so de- 
voided of their religious sentiments. 

+ Hence Devoi-ded ff/. a., divested, miade void. 

c Lyne. Bochas 1, ii. (1544) 4b, As a prince devoyded 
of on Against God he gan for to compasse. 1605 
Time Querstt. 1. iii. ro Those things which are made by 
arte. .are deuoided of all sense and motion. 

+ Devoi'‘der. Os. rare—. [f. Devo v. + 
-ER = OF. type desvuideor, of which the fem. des- 
vuideresse, devoyderesse, is recorded by Godefroy.] 
An expeller, a driver out. 

14.. Lyn. Temple of Glass 329 O blisful sterre. .deuoider 
of derknes, 

Devoir (sce below), sd. Forms: a. 3-6 dever, 
(4 deverre), 4-5 devere, (5 deveer, -yr, -ire, 
-yer, deyver, deffere,6 debuer), 8. 4-6 devor, 
4-7 devour, 5 divour, 5-6 devoure, 5-7 Svc. de- 
vore, 6-7 deavour. yy. 5-devoir, 5-7 devoire, 
devoyr(e, devoyer, 6-7 devoier. [ME. dever, 
a. OF. deveir (=Pr. dever, Sp. deber, It. devere, 
dovere), substantive use of pres. inf. of verb:—L. 
débére to owe. In Eng. the stress was shifted from 
(dévé'r) to (de'vér, dé-vér), and this subsequently 
often spelt devour, devor, deavour: cf. ENDEAVOUR. 
In the 15th c., and es. by Caxton, the spelling was 
often conformed to Parisian Fr. devotr, though, 
even thus, the stress was still often on the first syl- 
lable, de'vorr being treated merely as a variant spell- 
ing of de'vor, devour. 
Psalms of Sternhold and Hopkins ; but the English 


| euery syde To 


Dever occurs as late as the | 


tradition of the word died out before 1600, leaving | 


devoir, in. 16-17th c. often anglicized as devoyer, 
but now commonly treated as if adopted from 
modern French, and pronounced (davwa'r, dévw9§:1, 
de‘vw91) ; though it would be more correct, his- 
torically, to pronounce it (de’vaz) as in endeavour.] 

1. That which one ought to do, or has to do; 
(one’s) duty, business, appointed task. (Chiefly 
in phr. fo do one’s devoir). arch. 

a, a1300 Cursor M. 21901 |Cott.) All liueand thing on sere 
maners dos pair deuer [v. x. deuerre]. 1315 SHOREHAM 54 
And 3yf hy [clerkes] douth wel hare dever Ine thysse heri- 
tage. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 71 Als knyght did 
his deuere [v/se austere]. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 234 Do pi 
deuer duly as a duke nobill. ¢ 1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode 1. 
xli. (1869) 25 To do alwey my deueer. 1462 Dauseney in 


Paston Lett. No. 452 II. 103 The Lords.. as bees they do 


ryght well her devyer, and be worthey moche thanke of the 
Kyng. 

B. 1377 Lanci. P. P2. B. xiv. 136 Til he haue done his 
deuor and his dayes iourne. a 1470 Twrort Czsar iv. (1530) 
5 Doyng the devoure of myne offyce. 1489 (MS.) Barsour 
Bruce xt. 430 Thai stalwardly sall stand, And do thair 
deuour as thai aw. 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 35 
Do your devore and dewtie. a@ 1605 Montcomerie Flyting 
443 Whan thae dames deuoutly had done their devore. .Of 
that matter to make remained no more. 1606 HoLLANp 
Sueton. 56 In the Cirque he brought forth to doe their 
devour Charioteers, Runners and Killers of savage beasts. 

y. 21430 (MS.) Cuaucer Man of Law's 7., Head-link 38 
(Ellesm.) Thanne haue ye do your deuoir atte leeste [so 
Hengwrt, devoire Petw., deuer Corp. & Lansd., deuyr 
Camb., dewour Harl.}. 1485 Caxron Chas. Gt. 29 He faylled 
not to doo gretely hys deuoyr. 1§73 Satir. Poems Reform. 
xxxix. 236 And Drurie deulie fa his ful deuoir. 1589 
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 90 Democles commanded the 
deathsman to doo his devoyre. 1608 L. Macnin Dumbe 
Knight 1, What devoyre Drawes you within these lists? 
1682 N. O. Boileau's Lutrin u. 16 The Rhine shall first his 
streams mix with the Loire, E’re I forget the sence of my 
Devoire. 1738 Warpurton Div. Legat. 1. 28 Exactly per- 
form to one another the Devoirs of Citizens. 1828 Scotr 
F. M. Perth viii, | think the Knight of Kinfauns will do his 
devoir by the burgh in peace or war. oa © S. Haywarp 
Love ao World Bi Did my worthy brother do his devoir 
as eg ant knight should? 

+2. That which one can do, (one’s) utmost or 
best ; endeavour, effort. Chiefly in phr. 40 do one’s 
devoir, to put oneself in devoir = to do what one 
can, to endeavour (40 do something). Ods. 

a, 1362 Lanai. P. P/. A. xu. 2, I have do my deuer be 
dowel to teche. cx460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 659 in 
Babees Bk. (1868) 162 Pus y shalle damy devere To enforme 
yow. paid Plumpton Corr. 59, 1 shall put me in dever 
to fullfill your intent. 1537 T. Cumrtun in Ellis Orig. Lett. 
Ser. 11. II. 91, I have..don my debuer accordyng to the 
teneur of hit. 1549-62 Sternnotp & H. Ps. xxii. 26 And 
those that doe their deuer To know the Lord shall prayse 
his name, ‘ 

B. cx400 Song Roland 498 Trist us neuer If we in this 
mater donot ourdeuour, 1451 Paston Lett, No. 114 1. 154, 
I. .wol put me in devour for to your d 
1502 AxnoLve Chyon. (1811) 240 Lerne of me and do thy bes: 
deuor From my folkeal rauen todisseuor. 1513 More Ric: 
111, Wks. 66/2 He woold doe his vttermost to set the 
realm in good state. 1533 — Answ. Poysoned Bk. ibid. 
—— Wening that his owne deuour wer in vaine. 1664 
Flodden F. iii. 22 Your deavours here are all in vain. 

y 14 Matory Arthur vu. xxiii, lam moche behold- 
ynge vnto that knyght, that hath put soo his ee in deuoyre 
to worshippe meand my courte. 1509 Barctay Shy of ayde. 

uke 


(1874) II. 251 Doynge his deuoyr for the same ay to 
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist, (Camden 1844) 15 


| devoirs au Roi. 1 


292 


of Relient exhorted tags to defends sith alt shalt awtios 

ignitie and high reputation of King Henry. 

Marston Ant. & Med. 11. Prol., age Bene be eke in 

weake devoyer. 1671 Mrs. Benn Fore’d Marriage 1. iv, 

No, my inia, quit this vain devoir, And follow Love 
may preserve us all, 

+ 3. Service due or rendered to any one. Ods. 

“— (MSS. after 1400) Cuaucer Pars. T,P 690 (Ellesm.) 
is des tn: v. dacticn Getwyen cemattt deeee a 
is due [v. rr. deuoire, 5 leuyr 
Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. v. 98 Yf .. she ye! the 
deuoure of maryage ayenst her wyll. 1590 MarLowe Zdw. 
1, v.i, To do your highness service and devoir.. Berk 
would die. Cuas. I in Rushw. Hist. ColZ. m1, (1692) I. 
633 [They] shall in no wise be excused of their Service and 
Devoiers due of their said Lands and Possessions. — 
Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 46 It may be wondred why 
French did not assist us.. i reality is, t 
Deyoirs, but we must equip their Ships. 17. 
vi. 292 Monarchs, and ministers, are aw 
ever wear them, challenge our devoir. 

4. A dutiful act of civility or respect ; usually in 
pl., dutiful respects, courteous attentions, addresses ; 
chiefly in phr. to do or pay one’s devoir(s (to some 
one). (The current sense.) 

a, B. 14.. Epiph.in Tundale’s Vis. 107 That he hym selffe 
[Herod] wold after goo Vnto the chyld and hys deyver doo. 
a 1845 Hoop Faithless Nelly Gray iv, He went to pay her 
his devours, When he'd devoured his pay ! 

y- 1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1.655 This royall mary- 
age was solempnysed .. Theyr frendes, cosyns ty on 

o theyr deuoyre. 1669 Drypen Wild 

Gallant w. i, 1 beseech your ladyship instruct me where 
I may tender my devoirs. 1673 — Marr. a la Mode u. i, 
O, my dear, I was just going to pay my devoirs to you. 1676 
Suapwe tt Virtuosot, 1, He’s come to pay his devoir to you. 
1754 RicHarpson Grandison Let. 14 Oct., I am come down to 
pay my devoirs to Miss Byron. I hope for acceptance. 1782 
European Mag. 1. 248 She .. resisted the devoirs of the 
tender and pious Lord George Gordon. 1826 J. Scort Vis. 
Paris 37 In the inn-yards of our great North-road, when 
the passing coachmen pay their devoirs to the expectant 
chambermaids. 1873 BrowninG Red Cott. Nt.-cap 141 When 
he paid devoir To Louis Quatorze as he dined in state. 1880 
aid his grave de- 
into Lady Roe- 


ul names ; Who- 


Disraeit Exdym. \xiv, Prince Florestan 
voirs, with a gaze which seemed to searc 
hampton’s inmost heart. : 
Ci 8. pl. Moneys due; dues; duties. Ods. 
[1360 Act 34 Edw. ///, c.18 Paiant lour custumes & autres 
Act 2 Rich. //, Stat 1c. 3 Custumes, 


| subsides et autres devoirs de Calays.] 1502 ARNOLDE Chron. 


(1811) 125 The said William Herris sued a plee from the 
courte Xpian too the court of Rome in a cause of deuors 
hanging bewixt oon Alis Doughtirlawe of R. S. and the 
said William. 1§03-4 Act 19 //en. VI/, c. 27 §1 The Kinges 
duetie called the devours or Custume of Calays. a 
Termes de la Ley 116, (tr. quot. 1378] Customes and su 


| sidies, and other devoires of Caleis. 


“the fen 


+ Devoir, v. Ols. rare. In 6 dever, devoyre. 
[f. prec. sb.] intr. and ref. = ENDEAVOUR v. 

1530 Patscr. 514/2 I dever, I peg be my mynde to doa 
thing .. I shall devoyre my selfe to the best that I maye. 

Devoit, obs. Sc. form of Devout. 

Devorke, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. dévocare 
(see DEvocaTe): after convoke, invoke, which go 
back to French originals.] 

1623 Cockeram, Deuoke, to call downe 


Devolatilize : see Dr- II. 1. 

+ Devo'lt, -vou'lt, fa. pple. Obs. [a. Anglo- 
Tr. devolt = ¥. dévolu, repr. L. dévoliitus, pa. pple. 
of dévoluére.] = DEVOLVED. 

1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. 1. xxxvi. (1638) 124 If he..pre- 
sent not, then the presentment is devolt [ed. 1721 devoulte) 
to the Patriark, 

+ De-volute, #//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dévoliit-us 
pa. pple. of dévoluére: see DEVOLVE.] Devolved, 
transmitted down. 

1460 Carcrave Chron. 53 Alisaundre rejoysed the kyng- 
dam of Babilon, that was thanne..devolute to the k F 
of Perse. 1513 More Rich, ///, Wks. 63 Y° right title 
of [the crown of England]..is..deuolute & comen vnto y® 
most excellent prince y* lord protector. 1531 Diad. on Laws 
Eng. xxxi. (1638) 54 If a Title..be once devolute to the 
heire in the taile. 16az R. Jounson Way to Glory 41 The 
monarchie of the Romans ., became devolute to Julian the 

state. [1721 St. German's Doct. & Stud. 261 Specially if 
the collation be devolute to the Pope.] 

Devolute (deliv), v. rare. 
ppl stem of dévoluére: see DEVOLVE. 4 

. trans. To pass or transfer by devolution; to 
DeEvoLve, 
tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden 1846) 1, 127 At 
he the monarchie was devoluted to one onlie. 1548 
Haut Chron, 182 The saied Crowne .. should di 


f, L. dévoliit- 


| crown. 


. 


DEVOLUTION. 
iat derhne Dien: m Deeb 
2. fig. The rolling or passing on of time ; descent 
i through a series of revolutions or 


ap Jacesow Creed vi. xviliy, The poaribie devolutions 


wi Cat 


R 
Boundaries and . 
y during the Carlovingian Dynasty . 1841 


ion in price. 
succession 
, or fig. of qualities, etc. 
ant, Unatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Pref. 11 By a moste, just 

right deuolucion, and dyscent of inheritaunce of the 

of Englande, F; and Irelande. 1590 Swin- 
BURNE Testaments 2gt The legacie is lost without hope 
of deuolution th to the or administrators. 
@ 1631 Donne in Sedect. Gas) 130 Now for the riches them- 
selves.. he may have them y devolution from his 
1706 De For Fure Div. ix. 194 If Kings by Jus Divinum 
wear the Crown, By nat’ral Devolution handed down. 1827 
Harram Const, Hist. (1876) II. xiv. 95 The party of 
lord Danby.,asserted a devolution of the crown on the 
princess of Orange. 1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 6) 
1o A force cannot originate ot! ise than by devolution 
from some pre-existing force or forces. 

4. The passing of any unexercised right to the one 
upon whom it devolves if allowed to lapse. 

1593 Bitson Govt. Christ's Ch. 349 To loose their right .. 
by devolution, when they neglected their time aboue sixe 
monethes. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Devolution..a falling 
into lapse. 166x Bramuatt Yust. Vind. vi. 129 A thousand 
other artifices to get — As provisions, Collations, 
Exemptions, Canonisations, Divolutions, Revocations. 1 
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) La An Empty Fellow 
-.whom the Archbp. of Cant. Dr. Tennison, put into the 
Society upon the Devolution to him of that Power, xg12 
Jbid. 11, 331 If it [election of Warden of New Coll.] be not 
determin’d within 12 Days there will be a Devolution. ane 
BLackstone Comm. 1V. 62 Vacating the — or $ 
and a devolution of the right of election for that turn to the 
1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872) Il. 212 The popes 
soon assumed not only a right of decision, but of devolu- 


to another, of pro; 


| tion; that is, of supplying the want of election. . by a nomina- 


tion of their own. toc heaghes Gallican Ch. 1. Introd. 23 
note, ‘ Devolution’ signifies the lapse of a benefice to the 
Pope, by reason of failure on the part of the patron to pre- 
sent a clerk duly qualified. 

+b. The passing of jurisdiction upon appeal. Ods. 

1593 Bison Govt. Christ's Ch, 11 All matters without ex- 
ception pertaine to Christ's tri I originally, and not by 
way of devolution. a@1676 Hate (J.), The jurisdiction ex- 
ercised in those courts is derived from the crown of E: 


1706 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. 11. w. xx. by Pek 
post 


Law. aoa tag 

1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scotl., Devolution is a term 
sometimes applied to the reference made by two or more 
arbiters who differ in opinion, to an or umpire, to 
determine the difference. To confer this power on arbi 
an express clause in the submission is necessary. The term 
is also applied to the devolution of a purchase made under 
articles of roup w the next highest offerer, on the failure 
of the highest offerer to find caution for payment of the 
price within the time limited by the articles. 

5. The passing of the power or authority of one 
person or body to another. 

1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 162 ‘This devolution of power, 
to the ple at large, includes in it a dissol of the 
whole form of gov blished by ple. 1875 
Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xiv. (ed. 5) 236 The onees 
exclusion .. of any notion of a devolution of authority 
the sovereign people. F 

6. Biol. (opposed to Evoturion) : Degeneration. 

1882 H. S, Carrenter in Homilet, Monthly Sept. 688 If 
there be e-volution, there surely is de-volution, a i 
of the species, 1892 7 Se. Monthly XL. chical 
d cl progress which in contrast with evolution is 

tion, 1 
II. From the transitive senses of the vb. 

+'7. The action of throwing down. Ods. 

Br. Patrick Paral. Pilgr. 303 In those stibmissions 
and devolutions of ourselues before our Lord, ion 

8. fg. The causing of anything to descend or 
upon (any one); the handing (of anything) on to 
a successor, P t ; 
16a SANDERSON Serm. ory 2. The suspension of his 
4 . t! 


bee divoluted to the Duke of Yorke. 1570-6 LAMBARDE 


for his time; 3. he devolution of it upon 


Peramb, Kent (1826) 229 The right of the Advov was 
devoluted unto him, 1586 Frerne Blas. Gentrie 31 The 
coat deuoluted to the bearer from his auncestours. 1891 
Pall Mali G. 28 July 2/2 The House will devise means of 
devoluting some of its work to more leisured bodies. 
2. intr. To lapse. _ 
1893 A. Keneaty Molly § Man 24 Some dusky potentate, 
whose entity and powers had devoluted through the — 
. [ad. med. L, 


Devolution (devolii fan) os 
lition-em, n. of action f. hs pe to roll down: 


see Drvonve and -10N.] 
I. From the intrans. senses of the verb. 


1, Ht. Rolling down; descending or falling with 


rolling motion. arch. ona 
ERAM Deuolution, a rolling d ‘ooD- 

sme deh Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 57 errations, or the De- 

volution of Earth down upon the Valleys, from the Hills. 


h Chr, v. 1. (18 
Guvolsion of cone, bandeon'63. the Basta Geek Be 
were treated with it. i Sane © Homer I. 489 A de- 
waren of Secereany ther partial or total, by aged men 
upon their 

9. The causing of authority, duties, or the like 
to fall upon a substitute or substitutes; esf. the 
delegation or leaving of portions or details of duties 
to subordinate rena ys «. Reapenng . ws 

“the wid towed fiom the devoletion of is Gute 


ments wh the Penge = 
ties acting without a head. . Amer. Rev. 
CXVIL To lighten the cares of the central Legis- 


lat evolution. 1880 GLapstone Sf. ix 
Pon: oh We.siTee de ehealtinen wig Ve wantp dartese, 
po conse ae he roland fsck bomen 
and effe measure ution i 

its powers as may be safely devolved, with the view of 


DEVOLUTIVE. 


lightening its duties. 1888 — in Daily News 6 Nov. 6/2 
‘They were passed by the Grand Committees—passed by the 
method of what is called devolution. 1889 G. FinpLay 
Eng. Rait: 15 The of this great service is 
nothing more than a carefully arranged system of devolu- 
tion combined with watchful supervision. 

0. Math. =Evouvti0n 4b. Obs. 

1690 Leysourn Curs. Math, 343 Eduction of the Lesser 
Root by Devolution. 

Devolu‘tive, ¢. [f. L. dévolit- (see Devoturer) 
+-IvE.] Of, pertaining, or tending to devolution. 

1872 Jervis Gadlican Ch. 1, Introd. 76 Whether the affe/ 
comme @abus had a ‘suspensive’, or only a ‘devolutive’ 
effect. 

Devolve (divy'lv), v.  [ad. L. devolv-cre to roll 
down, f. Dr- I. 1 + volvére to roll.] 

I. trans. 

1. To roll down; to cause to descend with rolling 
motion; also to unroll (something rolled up), to 
unfurl (a sail). arch. 

c1420 Pallad, on Hush. xt. 497 Thenne hem to the 
presses they devolve. 1623 CockEeram, Deuolue, to role 
downe. 164x Mervin in Rushw. //is¢. Col?. 1. (1692) I. 217 
These like Straws and Chips play’d in the Streams, until 
they are devolved in the Ocean of their deserved Ruine. 
1700 Prior Carmen Seculare 283 His Thames, With gentle 
course devolving fruitful Streams. 1758 Murrny Orphan 
of China u., ii. 1&8 Where the Tanais Devolves his icy tribute 
tothe sea. x Beattie Fudgm. of Paris \ix, Who..All 
to the storm the unfetter’d sail devolve. 1846 Dz Quincey 
Syst. Heavens Wks. II. 171 Where little England. .now 
devolves so quietly to the sea her sweet pastoral rivulets. 

Jig. 1610 Barroucu Meth. Physick Pref. (1639) 2 Whose 
names are devolved and brought unto us by the succession 


of ages. 1830 Tennyson Character, He spake of virtue .. 
And with. .a lack-lustre dead-blue eye, Devolved his rounded 
periods. 


+b. To roll over so as to cause to fall ; to over- 
turn, overthrow. Ods. 

©1470 Harvinc Chrox. xcvut. iv, All his nacyon Deuolued 
were, and from theyr ryght expelled. 1608 Heywoop Rafe 
of Lucrece v. iv, They behind him will devolve the bridge: 
@ 1658 CLEVELAND Ws, (1687) 215 That pious Arch whereon 
tne building stood, Which broke, the whole’s devolv'd into 
a Flood. 
+e. To roll away (from a person). Obs. 

1654 Gataxer Disc, Apol. 10 He was solicitous to devolv 
and depel from himself. .the note of avarice. 
+d. To roll (to and fro). Ods. rare. 

1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 35 Ulysses so, from side to side de- 
volv'd, In self-debate the Suitors doom resolv’d. 

2. fig. To cause to pass down by the revolution 
of time (zz¢o some state or condition). 

1533 BeLLenven Livy 11. (1822) 145 All the soumes, quhilkis 
war afore devolvit in dett, war commandit to be restorit to 
thair creditouris. 1545 Jove Z.xrf. Dan. xi.(R.) Thus was 
the worlde 47 yeris before Crystis birthe deuolued into the 
fourth monarchie called the Romane and last empyre. 16. 
Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy viii. 57 That State was 
then devolved into a Monarchy by Conquest. 

3. fig. To cause to pass Zo or fall zfon (a person’. 
a. ‘To cause to pass down by inheritance or legal 
succession (¢o another), 

1538 LeLanp /¢iz. VI. 31 The Dykes Landes by Heyres 
generalles is devolvid now to Mr. Goring and to Mr. Deringe. 
1590 SWINBURNE 7'estaments 291 The legacie is not devolved 
to his executors. 1631 WEEVER Anc. un. Mon. 569 The 
inheritance diuolued by marriage vnto the Maynards. 1659 
B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 20 They grew to be devolved 
under the House of Burgundy. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. 12x P 5 Students..can seldom add‘more than some small 
particle of knowledge, to the hereditary stock devolved to 
them from ancient times. 

+b. To cause to pass (/0 or zvfo the hands of an- 
other) ; especially through the failure or forfeiture 
of the previous holders, Ods. 

1579 FENTON Guicciard. 1, (1599) 6 They were diuolued to 
the sea Apostolike by the disposing of the lawes. 1602 Fut- 
BECKE Pandectes 32 The State being now..deuolued to the 
dregges of the people. 1603 Knoties Hist. Turks (1621) 
1239 Pronouncing their lives, their goods .. to be confiscate 
and devolved unto the Emperour his cofers. 1622 Donne 
Serm, cly, VI. 212 By their connivence that power was de- 
volved into a foreign prelate’s hand. 1690 Locke Govt. m1. 
viii. (Rtldg.) 108 War..naturally devolves the command into 
the king’s..authority. 1726 Aytirre Parergon 74 The Ap- 
peal operates the Effect of a Devolution ; because it devolves 
the cause to a Superiour Judge. 

te. To cause to fall or alight (0 or won an 
object). Ods. 

x60r Hottanp Pliny II. 460 The denomination of these 
criminall Iudges .. being thus deuolued vpon them, there 
continued. 1649 Mitton Zikon. 30'The King envying to see 
the Lag pond love devolv'd on another object. 1667 — P. L. 
x. 135 Least on my head both sin and punishment.,be all 
Devolv'd. @ 1682 Sir T. Browne 7vacts 172 The last excuse 
devolveth the errour..upon Croesus. De For Shortest 

Way w. Dissenters Misc. 429 When our Government shall 
be devolv'd upon Foreigners. 

d. To cause (a charge, duty, or responsibility) 
to fall zfox (any one) ; es. to throw upon or de- 
legate to deputies duties for which the responsibility 
belongs to the principal. (Now a chief sense.) 

1633 Be. Hatt ard Texts 316 All affaires. .of the King’s 
household. .shall be devolved upon his fidelity. 164 Smec- 
tymNnuus Vind, Answ. x, (1653) 42 He gives this charge 
not to his Chancellor or Commissary, or any other man 
— whom hee had devolved his power. 1754 Hume //ist. 

ng. I, xiv. 352 He was obliged to devolve on others the 
weight of government. 1777 Rosertson Hist. Amer. (1783) 
I, 183 The Sees court..was extremely willing to devolve 
the burden of discovery upon its subjects. 1818 Jas. Mitt 
Brit. India 11, v. ii. 354 The master..becomes too weak 


293 


to resume the power which he has imprudently devolved. 
1847 Appison Law of Contracts 1. i. § 2 (1883) 114 A mere 
honorary churchwarden who .. devolves all the duties of 
this office upon a paid colleague. 1880 C. H. Pearson in 
Victorian Kev. 2 Feb. 540 ‘Those who, because they are 
too busy or too ignorant to discharge the higher duties of 
self-government, have been glad to devolve them upon their 
representatives. 

+4. To throw (a person) zfor (some resource). 

1636 WILson alias Knorr Direction to be observed by N. N. 
ii. 17.If the true Church may erre.. we are still deuolued 
either vpon the private Spirit .. or else vpon naturall wit 
and judgement. a1672 WreN in Gutch Cold. Cur. 1. 252, 
I am now devolved upon that unparalleled villainy. 1675 
BurtHoGGEe Causa Dei 166 He..then intirely devolves him- 
self on Jesus Christ for it. 

II. txtrans. 

5. To roll or flow down from (a source’. arch. 

1630 Lorp Banians 18 (1..) Streams that had in rolling 
currents, from the tops of the mountains, devolved into the 
rivers below. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 34 Two youths whose 
semblant features prove ‘Their blood devolving from the 
source of Jove. 1771 SMoLLETT Ode to Leven-Water 
17 Devolving from thy parent lake, A charming maze 
thy waters make. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. 11; 320 
The quantities of snow which devolve from the superior 

arts of the mountain have sometimes proved fatal to travel- 

ers. 1847 R. CHamBers 7vaditions Edin. 188 It was a 
goodly sight to see the long procession devolve from the close. 

6. fig. To roll or flow on ¢o or zz¢o (some con- 
dition). 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. Vv. (1618) 197 ‘That the matters .. 
would with speed diuolue to their perfection. /é¢d. (1618) 299 
The affaires of the Pisans .. did daily diuolue into greater 
straits. 1678 Marve. Growth Popery Wks. 1875 1V. 300 To 
raise, betwixt the King and his people, a rational jealousy of 
Popery and French government, till he should insensibly 
devolve into them. @1859 Dre Quincry Theban Sphinc 
Wks. X. 238 Four separate movements through which this 
impassioned tale devolves. 

. To pass to the next in natural or conventional 
order, a. To pass or fall ¢o another, esp. through 
the failure or forfeiture of the earlier holder. 

¢1555 Harrsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 184 That it 
should not devolve from himself and his colleague to the 
court of Rome. 1683 Brit. Spec. 66 Yet does not the Suprem- 
acy devolve to the multitude, who never yet had right to 
Rule, or choose their Rulers. 1754 Hume //és¢. Zug. III. 
Ixi. 322 To him the benefit of all forfeiture devolved. 1765 
Biackstone Come. I, 22 Being then entirely abandoned by 
the clergy. .the study and practice of it [civil law] devolved 
..intothe hands of laymen. 1786 Burke Warren Hastings 
Wks. (1842) I]. 145 By the death of Colonel Monson, the 
whole power of the government of Fort William devolved 
to the governour and one member of the council. 


| 


To pass down, descend, or fall in course of 


succession Zo (07, w#por) anyone. 

16x SpeeD /Zist. Gt. Brit. vi. xliv. 150 The Empire thus 
deuolued to Dioclesian. 1655-60 StanLey //ist. Philos. 
(1701) 38/2 He had a Brother, who dying without Issue, his 
Estate devolved to Pittacus. 1689 in Somers 7 acts II. 
341 If a King dies, he hath a Successor, and the Right de- 
volves upon him. @1713 Exttwoop Axtobiog. (1765) 3 
‘This Friendship devolving from the Parents to the Children. 
1752 JoHNSON Rambler No. 1908 P13 He died without a will, 
and the estate devolved to the legal heir. 1806 Surr Winter 
tn Lond. \11.25 A considerable estate in the Cape of Good 
Hope, which had devolved to us through a relation of my 
wife’s mother. 1885 Law Times LX XIX. 175/1 A service 
of plate bequeathed by a baronet to devolve with his 
baronetcy. 

e. To fall as a duty or responsibility ov or «pon 
anyone. 

1769 Rosertson Chas. V, V. tv. 418 After Bourbon’s death, 
the command .. devolved on Philibert de Chalons. 1791 
Cowrer Odyss. 1. 440 To us should double toil ensue, on 
whom the charge To parcel out his wealth would then de- 
volve, 1819 J. Marsuatt Const. Opin. (1839) 208 By the 
revolution, the duties .. of government devolved upon the 

eople of New Hampshire. 1860 ‘T'yNDALL Glac. 1. xvi. 107, 
i inew that upon him would devolve the chief labour. 1884 
Manch. Exant. 9 May 5/2 They recognise the obligation 
which devolves upon them. 

8. Of persons: a, To have recourse ¢o (for sup- 
port); come zor as acharge. b. To fall or sink 
gradually, to degenerate. ? Ods. 

1748 Jounson L. P., Savage Wks. III. 348 His conduct 
had .. wearied some. but he might..still have devolved to 
others whom he might have entertained with equal success. 
1751 — Rambler No. 149 ¥ 9 Multitudes are suffered by 
relations equally near to devolve upon the parish. 1830 
J. Ber Ess. on Foote Foote’s Wks. p. ii, A gentleman and 
scholar devolving into the buffoon .. is an unseemly sight. 

Hence Devo'lving wé/. sd. 

1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxvii. 427 Tidings of his 
father’s death, and the devolving of his crown and throne 
on himself. 

Devolvement (divy'lvmént).  [f. Devoive z. 
+-MENT.] The action of devolving; devolution. 

1847 in Craic. 1892 Miss Brovcuton Mrs. Bligh xv. 336 
Arrangements for the temporary devolvement ot hae aati 
anthropical labours upon a fellow-worker. 

Devonian (divdwnian), a. (sd.)  [f. med.L. 
Devonia, \atinized form of Devon, OF. Defena-, 
Defna-scir Devonshire.] 

1. Of or belonging to Devonshire. 

1612 Drayton Po/y-old. 1. 284 Easely ambling downe through 
the Deuonian dales. 1880 Miss Brappon Fust as / ave ii, 
A younger branch of a good old Devonian family tree. 
1887 — Like § Unlike xi, The hedgerows were budding in 
the soft Devonian air. ! 

b. as sb. A native or inhabitant of Devonshire. 

1882 C. E. Matuews in A thenzum 23 Dec. 848/1 A treasure 
not only to Devonians, but to book lovers generally, 


DEVOTE, 


2. Geol. Name given to a geological formation 
or ‘system’ of rocks lying below the Carboniferous 
and above the Silurian formations ; hence, of or 
pertaining to this formation and the geological 
period during which it was deposited. 

The name was given in reference to the great development 
of these rocks as a marine formation in Devonshire. ‘The 
rocks called ‘Old Red Sandstone’ in Scotland, West of 
England, and South Wales, are held to be lacustrine de- 
posits of contemporary age, and included in the Devonian 
System; and the term ts applied all over the world to 
a system of rocks having the same stratigraphical position, 
and containing organic remains similar to those of the 
Devonshire strata. 

1837 Sepewick & Murcuison in Trans. Geol. Soc. Ser. 11. 
V. 701 We purpose therefore for the future to designate 
these groups [the Cornish Av//as and the Devonian slates] 
collectively by the name Devonian system, as involving no 
hypothesis and being agreeable to analogy. 1846 Z:.x/os. 
Outline of Vestiges Nat. Hist. Creation 24 The Old Red 
Sandstone or Devonian System comes next. 1871 LyeLi 
Stud. Elem. Geol. 421 The name Devonian was given by Sir 
R. Murchison and Professor Sedgwick to marine fossiliferous 
strata which, in the South of England, occupy a similar 
position between the overlying coal and the underlying 
Silurian formation, 1873 Dawson Earth & Man v. 84 The 
Devonian, or, as it may be better called in America, from the 
vast development of its beds on the south side of Lake Erie, 
the Erian formation. 1885 Lyedd’s Stud. Elem. Geol. 418 
‘The number of American Devonian plants has now been 
raised..to 160. did. 419 There were no .. Reptilia during 
the Devonian age. 

Devonie (divpnik), a. Geol. rare. [f. as DE- 
VONIAN +-IC.] = DEVONIAN 2. 

1876 Davis Polaris Exp. xv. 339 The slaty overhanging 
layers of Devonic limestone. 

Devonite (de'vonait). Ain, [f. Devon + -11E.] 
A synonym of WAVELLITE, from its having been 
first discovered near Barnstaple in Devonshire. 

1826 Emmons J/iz. 214. 

Devonport: see DavENPORT. 

Devonshire, v.: see DENSHIRE. 

Devor, obs. form of Drvorr. 


+ Devora‘tion. Olds. [a. obs. F. devoracion, 
-acton, ad. L. dévoration-em (in Vulgate’, n. of 
action from dévorare to DEvour.] The action of 
devouring or consuming. 

1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) o4 [Poverty]..is the goulfe of 
devoracion And fountayne of desolacion. 1614 ‘Tl. Apams 
Devil's Banquet 72 Vhe decoration of the body is the de- 
uoration of the Substance. 

+ Devoratory, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dévord- 
tori-us (Tertull.), f. devordtor DEVOURER: see -onry.] 
Of devouring or consuming quality. 

1647 Trarp Comm. Jatt. vi. 13 Deliver us from those 
devoratory evils. 1650 — Comin. Pentat. 11. 112 ‘These de- 
voratory evills, as ‘Tertullian calleth them. 

Devorce, -vors(e, obs. ff. Divorce. 

Devore, obs. ff. Devorr, Devour. 

Devoste, Devot, obs. ff. Devovur. 

Devot, obs. var. of Divot, a sod. 

|| Dévot, dévote: see DEVoTE sé. B. 

|| Devo'ta. Ods. [It. and Sp., fem. of Devoro, 
q.v.] A female devotee, a dévote. 

1644 Evetyn Jem. (1879) I. 134 The church of St. Pru- 
dentia in which is a well..visited by many devotas. 1685, 
Evetyn J/rs. Godolphin 63 Vhis Act of those Devotas. 

+ Devortary. O’s. [ad. med.L. dévitarius, 
-dria Wu Cange), f. dévot- ppl. stem : see DEvorE 
v., and cf. Vorary.] A votary; a devotee. 

1646 J. Grecory Votes § Obs. (1650) 50 Diana .. to whose 
shrine there went up amore famous. .pilgrimage of devo- 
taries. @1670 Hacker Cent. Seri. (1675) 149 Religious 
honour is done unto them by some superstitious devotaries. 

Devote (divowt), a and sb.! arch. [ad. L. d- 
vot-us devoted, consecrated or dedicated by vow, 
pa. pple. of dévovére to Devote, In Eng. it ap- 
pears partly as a continuation of ME. devot, -/e, 
variant of Devout, OF. devot, devote. Asa sb. it 
was generally superseded 1675-1725 by DEvorrr, 
and when retained later is usually identified with 
mod.F, dévote fem., and applied only to a female 
devotee, the corresponding ¥F. @évot masc., being 
occasionally used of the male.] 

A. ppl.a. =Dervorep. a. with Zo. 7 

1596 SHaks. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 32 So deuote to Aristotle’s 
Ethickes [printed checkes]. 1597 Hooker Lcc?. Pod. v. 
(1632) 209 ‘The places where Idols have beene worshipped are 
. .deuote to vtter destruction. 1613 SHeRLEY 77av. Persia 4 
The glory of God, to which his excellent religious mind was 
evermore devote, 1667 Mitton /. Z. 11.208 ‘To destruction 
sacred and devote. 1747 Cottins Passéons 105 Where is thy 
native simple heart Devote to Virtue, Fancy, Art? 1839 
Battey Festus (1854) 107, I am devote to study. 

b. without fo. 

1599 Haxtuyr Voy. I, 148 We .. as your perpetual and 
deuote friends. 1599 Warn, Faire Wom. u. 750, I will be 
to you a husband so devote. 1621 Burron Anat. Med. m1. 
i, 11. i. (1651) 417 He is thy slave, thy vassall, most devote, 
affectioned, and bound in all duty. 

B. adj. = Devout. ; 

(1225-1552: see Devout a.) a 1625 Boys Wks. (1630) 124 
By meditation and deuote prayer. 1651 Sern. Coron. Chas. 
11, in Phenix 1, 244 Trajan the Emperor was, I. Devote at 
home. II. Courageous in war. 1839 Vew Monthly Mag. 
LV. 550 The deep drawn sigh—the devote interjection. 


DEVOTE. 


C. sb. A devotee. +a. in form devote. Obs. 

1630 Davenanr.Yust /talian w. Wks. 1872 I. 252 Two 
faces more allied In all devotes of view I one not seen, 
1660 Biount Boscobel 8 Sectaries, who through a Fanatique 
zeal were ¢ Devotes to this great Idol. 1662 J. Bar- 
Grave Pope Alex, VII. (1867) 71 He is a devote of the house 
of Austria. 1673 Lady's 

at voluptuaries have turned devotes. 1717 Lapy M. W. 
ontacu Let. to C’tess Mar 18 3 a The difference be- 
tween an old devote and a Page uty, 1720 WELTON 
Suffer. Son of God 1. x. 255 He who seeks to do his Own 
Will. .has no Claim..to the Peace or Merit of a Devote. 
B. in mod.F. form dévot, fem. dévote. 

1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xi. 156, 1..saw a great 
many of those Devots along the Streets. 1746 Lapy M. 
w. Monrick Let. to W, Montagu 24 Nov., 1 know not-how 
to acknowledge gh my obligations to the 3 and 
I reckon it a great one from her who is a dévote, that she 
never brought ag priest to me. 179 J. Apams Diary 14 
Dec. Wks. 1851 III. 232 Numbers of dévots upon their 
knees. 1808 Scorr Left. 22 Jan. (1894) I. 92 In her own 
character as a sort of dévote. 1866 Mrs. H. Woop Sv. 
Martin's Eve xxxi. (1874) 395 Maria, poor thing, had no 
hand in it; she is not a dévote. 


+ Devote, 53.2 Obs. 
devoting, devotion. 

1659 R. Expres Christ's Exalt. Ep. Ded., Some manifesta- 
tion of a reciprocation in this devote. 


Devote (divau't), v. 
dévovére to vow, dedicate by a vow, devote, f. Dr- 
I. 2 + vovere to vow, dedicate: cf. also the L. 
frequentative dévdtare, in med.L. much used for 
dévovire.] 

1. ¢rans. To appropriate by, or as if by, a vow; 
to set apart or dedicate solemnly or formally; to 
consecrate (fo). 

1586 A. Day /ug. Secretary 1. (1625) 16 Yours devoted till 
death. 1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner A iv, Love 
and friendship. .urgeth mee particularly to devote my selfe 
unto you. 1611 Biste Lev. xxvii. 28 No deuoted thing 
that a man shall deuote vnto the Lord. 1665 Six ‘I. 
Hergert 7rav. (1677) 262 A chalice of gold also he de- 
voted. 1732 Law Sertous C. iv. (ed. 2) 48 All Christians 
are by their Baptism devoted to God. 1802 Lp, Epon 
in Vesey's Rep. VIL. 73 The Will. devoting the property to 
charity was producible. 1856 Stantey Sinai § Pad. i.\1858) 
53 Each of the thirty-six chapels was devoted to the worship 
of a separate sect. 

2. To give up, addict, apply zealously or exclu- 
sively (¢o a pursuit, occupation, ctc., or Zo a parti- 
cular purpose) ; es. refl. fo devote oneself. 

1604 SHAKs. O¢/. 11. iii. 321 He hath deuoted, and giuen 
vp himselfe to the Contemplation. .of her parts and Graces. 
1703 Rowe ‘air Penit.1, Devote this day to mirth. 1798 

. SKkRinE 770 Tours Wales 72 Having devoted some 
days to the objects in the neighbourhood of Swansea, we 
left that place. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. 3 Had 
these endowments .. been devoted to national education. 


[f. Devore zw] Act of 


‘all. 1. v. $18 Those who from | 


[f. L. dévor-, ppl. stem of | 


1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) 111. 672 [ He] who devotes himself 


to some intellectual pursuit. 1894 J. ‘I’. Fowrer Adamuan 
Introd. 66 Hill sides now devoted to pasturage. 

3. ‘lo give over or consign to the powers of evil 
or to destruction; to doom; to invoke or pro- 
nounce a curse upon, 

1647 Power of Keys vi. 133 The Senate..did devote or 
Anathematize even a whole Country or Region at once. 
a1718 Rowe (J.), Let her..Devote the hour when such 
a wretch was born. 1776 Gippon Decd. & /. 1. 1x. 181 The 
hostile army was devoted with dire execrations to the gods 
of war and of thunder. 1821 Locknart Valerius II. ix. 267 
May Jove devote me, if I had [ete.]. 1b. Tayvor /aust 
(1875) I. xxiii. 206 A witches’ guild. They scatter, devote, 
and doom ! 

+b. To invoke or pronounce (a curse). Ods. 

1749 FiecpinG Zom Jones xvt.i, A hearty curse hath been 
devoted on the head of that author, 

Hence Devo'ting vd/. sb. 

1640 O. Sevewickr Christ's Counsell 222 What was our 
baptisme but a devoting..of our selves to be faithfull to 
Christ? 1677 Gitrin Desmonol. (1867) 434 ‘ Sons of Belial’, 
a name very significant, shewing. .their devoting of them- 
selves to the devil's service. 

+ Devoté. Os. [Anerroncous form of DEvorE 
sb.|, or of Devotee, with pseudo-French spell- 
ing.] 

1729 Fietpinc Love Sev. Masques iu. vi, We must all be 
proud of so elegant a devoté! 1824 Miss L. M. Hawkins 
Mem, 1. 231 My father was a devoté of Titian. 


Devoted (divéutéd), ppl. a. [f. Devore v. + 
-ED*. 

1. Vowed; appropriated or set apart by a vow 
or formally; under a vow ; dedicated, consecrated. 

1594 Suaxs. Rich. [//, 1. ii. 35 To stop deuoted charitable 
deeds, 1611 Heywoon Gold. Age 11. Wks. 1874 III. 27 All 
deuoted To abandon men, and chuse virginity. 1623 
Cockrram, Denoted, vowed. 1638 Baker tr. Balsac’s Lett, 
IL. 113 A Societie of devoted persons, who continued in 
meditation so many houres a day. 1663 J. Srencer /’ro- 
digies (1665) 381 ‘The Ethnick Temples and devoted places 
at Rome, 1 N. Worcester A toning Sacr. iv. (1830) 16 
Laying the hands on the head of the devoted sacrifice. 

2. Characterized by devotion ; zealously attached 
or addicted to a person or cause ; enthusiastically 
loyal or faithful. (Of persons, their actions, etc.) 

1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 261 Being a devoted 
servant to the Prior. 1606 Marston Parasitaster 11. i, 
When you vow a most devoted love to one, you swear not 
to tender a most d d love to h 1777S AN 
Sch. Scand. 1. i, Sir, your very devoted. 1888 Bryce Amer. 
Commw. 111, xcvi. 348 These democratic institutions have 
cost the life work of thousands of devoted men. 


294. 


b. with Zo. 

1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio Ded. Aij, A Gentleman 
most sincerely devoted to your Honor. Peacnam 
Gentl. Exerc. 13 A Gentleman of this Land wholly devoted 
to Puritanisme. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Kom. Forest i, Her 
heart was devoted to La Motte. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng. 

ry had always been 


Il. 115 Devoted as Qu b tot 
cause of prerogative. 

3. Formally or surely consigned to evil or de- 
struction ; doomed. 

1611 Biste Deut. xiii. 17 There shall cleave nought of the 
cursed [zarg. deuoted] thing to thine hand. 1667 Mitton 
P.L.v. 890 These wicked Tents devoted. 1 Drypen 
Theodore & Hon. 124 He cheered the dogs to follow her who 
fled, And vowed revenge on her devoted head. 1718 Prior 
Solomon 11. 543 Round our devoted heads the billows beat. 
1741 Mipp.eton Cicero II. vi. (ed. 3) 59 He leaves him .. 
a devoted victim to Milo. 1777 Priesttey Philos. Necess.183 
All your violent declamation falls upon..my devoted head. 
a 1862 Buckie Civilis. (1869) ILI. i. 16 Another storm burst 
on the devoted land. 1862 ‘T'roLtore Orley /. xiii, Though 
the heaven should fall on her devoted head, . 


Devortedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina de- 
voted manner; zealously, pacigeragmanay At 

1812 SHetiey in Hogg Life (1858) II. 137 Believe how 
devotedly and sincerely I must now remain yours. 1820 
Soutney Ode Portrait Bp. Heber 4 For this great end 
devotedly he went, Forsaking friends and kin. 1840 Miss 
Mitrorp in L'Estrange Life III. vii. 109 Mary Duff, one 
of the Maries to whom Lord Byron was so devotedly at- 
tached. 1875 Jowrtr Plato (ed. 2) I. 47 He is a lover, and 
very devotedly in love. 

Devo ess. [f. as prec. + -Ness.] The 
quality of being devoted or zealously addicted. 

1668 H. More Div, Dial. 1. xii.(1713) 23, | have very much 
wondred at the devotedness of some Mens Spirits to the 
pretence of pure Mechanism in the solving of the Pha- 
nomena of the Universe. a@1714 M. Henry in Spurgeon 
Treas. Dav. Ps. xxv. 5 To live a life of devotedness to God. 
1827 Hoop Nat. / ales, Fall of Leaf, [She] cherished him 
with all a woman's devotedness. 1872 Lipvon £lem. 
Relig. i. 19 This idea of religion as personal devotedness to 
God. 


Devotee (devot?. [An Eng. formation, from 
DEVOTE v. or a, + -EE, after words like assignee, 
refugee, etc., in which this suffix came historically 
from Fr. -¢ of the pa. pple. Devotee may be looked 
upon as a re-fashioning of the sb. DEvorE, which 
was formerly used in the same sense: devote and 
devotee were used indifferently from ¢ 1675 to 1725. 
(Cf. assign and assignee.) In early instances, 
writers or printers sometimes made devotée, as if 
a French feminine: cf. Devor£.] 


“> a os 


| 


1. gen. A person zealously devoted to a particular | 


party, cause, pursuit, etc. ; a votary. 

1657-83 Evetyn //ist. Xeligion (1850) 1. 22 Our atheistical 
devotees to Dame Nature. 1669 Hacker Let. in Willis & 
Clark Cambridge (1886) If. 553, 1 was once an vnworthy 
member of your Bodie, and will be euer a most affectionat 
deuotee vnto it. a 1670 — Abp. Williams 1. § 212 ee 


230 A great Devotee to publick and private Prayer. 


I)'Urrey Mad. Fickle v. ii, Come, my witty Devottees of | 


Venus. 1691 Woop Ath, Oxon. (R.) He [Edward Dyer] 
was esteemed by some a Rosie-crucian, and a great devotee 
to Dr. Job Dee. 1788 Reip Aristotle's Log. iv. §6.98 A 
devotee of Aristotle. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 284 
As fanatical a devotee of vegetarianism, 1878 H. M. 
Srancey Dark Cont, IL. xiii. 377 He was a devotee to his 
duty. 

2. sfec. One zealously devoted to religion, or to 
some form of worship or religious observance ; one 
characterized by religious devotion, esf. of an ex- 
treme or superstitious kind. 

1645 Evetyn Diary (1879) I. 208 As much trudging up 
and downe of devotees. 1 Fryer Ace. £. /ndia & P. 220 
‘Those Vessels set out to carry Devotees to Mahomet’s Tomb. 
1712 SteeLe Sect. No. 354 ?1 You have described most 
sorts of Women..but I think you have never yet said any- 
thing of a Devotée. A Devotée is one of those who disparage 
Religion by their indiscreet and introduction 
of the Mention of Virtue on all Occasions. 1748 SmoLterr 
Rod. Rand. xxv. (1812) 1, 171 Asset of devotees in some parts 
of the East Indies who never taste flesh. 1780 Hanns 
Philol. Eng. Wks. (1841) 503 He pete older, became .. 
from a profligate a devotee. 1852 Ronertson Ser. Ser. 
ut. xvi, 202 The highest form of religion was considered to 
be that exhibited by the devotee who sat in a tree until the 
birds had built their nests in his hair. 

Hence Devotee'ism, the principles or practice of 
a devotee. 

1828 J. Hunrer in C. More Life Sir 7. More Pref. 56 The 
spirit of religious devoteeism which appears in his work. 
1852 Stone A. Ballou's Spirit Manis. vii. 93 Victims of 
these popular devotecisms. 

+ Devo'teless, a. Ods. [f. Devore v. (? or 
sb.) + -LE88.] Without devotion; undevout. 

1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 169 He shall do God 
and thee good service in these devote-lesse times. 1738 G. 
Sarra Curious Relat, 11. 216 To. .bend thy knees twice in 
thy Prayer, with a hundred devoteless wandring Thoughts. 

evotely, obs. form of DevourLy. . 

Devotement (divou'tmént). [f. Devorx wv. + 
-MENT.] : 

1. The action of devoting, or fact of being de- 
voted ; devotion, dedication. 

[1604 Suaks. Orh. 1. iii, 322 He hath deuoted, and giuen 


Perr OR wee lo ot ee 


DEVOTION. 

no redemption. a@1678 Woopnran Holy Living (1 217 
Ad eed in deilicialan 0 taakebeb aera yd 
e. 1749 Hurp Notes on Hor. Art. of Poetry(T.), 

Her [Iphigenia’s] devotement was the demand of lo. 
1809 Soutuey in Q. Rev. 1. 223 The self-denial the 
If-di of apostl 1827 Sir W. Hamiron in Life 
I. 272 A moderate devotement of time. Wayann 
Mem. Fudson (1853) 1. i. 29 His own devotement 
to the cause. 


+ 2. concr. Something devoted ; a votive offering. 
Obs. rare. 
1799 E. Kine Munimenta Antig. I. Pref. 19 "Ava@juara, 


with Greek Letters. 
+ Devo'teness. Ods. [f. Devore a. +-nxss.] 
Devoutness, devotedness. j 
1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Tostine A 2) a, There are two 


things which are desired of rinces, D. 
at home, valor in Warre. 
(divowtar), [f. Devore v, +-ER], 


+1. A votary, a devotee. (Cf. Devorress,) Ods. 
rare. 

[1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 4 Where one doth pro- 
Pay bert a Devote or peckiien servant of our Lord; 
whole Townes .. are the Devoti of our Ladie] Quoted 
2634 by Sir M. Sanvys “ss, 196 Where one doth fesse 
himselfe a Devoter, or peculiar Servant of our » whole 
‘Towns. .are Devoters of our Lady. 

2. One who devotes. 

1828 in Wester; and in later Dicts. 

Devoterer, corrupted form of advoterer, ADUL- 
TERER. (Cf. DevourTour.) 

1550 Becon Gov. Virtue Early Wks. (1843) 450 The man 
that breaketh wedlock with another man’s wife. .let him be 
slain, both the devoterer [ed. 1566 advoterer] and the ad- 
vouteress. 

+ Devote'sse. Ods. rare. [f. Devore sb.) + 
-Ess: cf. Devora, D&vorr.] A female devotee. 

1658 Bramnaut Consecr. Bps. viii. 193 Are not Governants, 
and Devotesses, besides ordinary maidservants, women ? .. 
Jct themselves be Judges whether a Woman a wife, ora 
Woman a Governant or a Devotesse, be more properly to be 
ranged under the name. 

Devotion ((/voufon), sé. Also 3-6 -cion, 
-oun, -un, -cyon, etc., 5-6 -tioun(e, 6 -syon. 
[a. OF. devocion, -ciun, -tiun (12th c. in Littré), 
mod.F. dévotion = Pr. devotio, Cat. devocié, Sp. 
devocion, \t. devoztone, all early ad. L. dévotion-em, 
n. of action from dévovére to devote. . : 

The order of development of the senses in L. was (1) the 
action of devoting or consecrating (to good or evil) by vow, 
(2) the condition of being devoted (to something good), de- 
votedness, loyalty, fealty, allegiance, (3)\in Christian use) 
devotion to God and his service, piety, religious zeal. Only 
the Christian use passed from ecclesiastical L. into the 


Romanic langs. in the Middle Ages, and (with 
various extensions) in ME, from OF, After the Renascence, 
the etymological sense ‘ action of devoting’ a red in It., 


Fr., and Eng., at first only in reference to religious matters ; 
in the 16th c. the word was extended to secular persons and 
things ; this is specially noticed as a novelty in French in 
1578 by H. Estienne (see Hatz.-Darm.). As all the senses 
are now in Eng., a logical arrang: without regard to 
history would follow the order, 8 (including 4); 5 (with 6); 
1 (with 2, 3); 7.) 

I. In religious use: appearing in ME. from 
ecclesiastical L., through OF, 

1. The fact or quality of being devoted to religious 
observances and duties ; religious devotedness or 
earnestness ; reverence, devoutness. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 368 pet oder ping is heorte peauwes, de- 
uociun, reoufulnesse, merci .. and swuche uertuz. 
ar Cursor M. 10123 heading (Gott.) Listens now wid 
gode deuocion. 1 Ramrous Pr. Conse. 3459 When pou 
says praier or orison With over litel devocion. a 1400 
Maunpev. (Roxb.) x. 40 Pai syng paire messez with grete 
deuocioun. ¢1400 Kom. Rose 5147 But unto Love I was so 
thralle..So that no devocioun Ne in the sermoun 
Of dame Resoun. 3589 Cunnincuam Cos: . Glasse 
195 The Sepulcher ahomet, which the T go to 
visite wyth great devotion, x60a Snaks. Ham. mt. 1. 47 
With Deuotions visage, And pious Action, we do sugar o're 
‘The diuell himselfe. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. 7ithes iv. 171 
Ethelwulf took a_ journey of Devotion to Rome. 1848 
Macautay “ist, Eng. 1. 199 The austere devotion which . . 
gave to his court aspect of a monastery. Faver 
Growth in Hoiliness xxii. (1872) 421 In theology, 
means a particular nsion of the soul to |, whereby 


* it devotes itself to the worship and service of 


b. Constr. 40, soward a deity, etc. 

1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame u. 158 In somme recompensacion 
Of labour and_devocion That thou hast had .. ‘To Cupido, 
1483 Caxton G. de la Tour H vj, This good lady had grete 
deuocion toward this ly man and te, 1685 H. 
More Paradlip. Prophet. 244 Extravagant ‘ion towards 
the Martyrs and their Reliques. 1852 Rock Ch. of Fathers 
ILI. 1, 241 Not hag ea be oor SSR Cee land's 
devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. . 


te. A feeling of devout reverence or awe. Obs. 


a1aag Ancr. R. 286 Amidde pe redunge .. P 

up a devociun & tet is wurd monie bonen. 1601 HoLtanp 
Pliny I. or All is still and silent, like the fearfull horror in 
desert wildernesse : and as men come neerer and neerer vnto 
it, a secret deuotion ariseth in their hearts. 

+d. A devout impulse or desire. Obs. 

¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vii. 156 Charlemagne was 
at Pasys; nud com $0 hye & Govocgamie 80 aus B28 
age to saynt James in Gales. @1533 Lo. ies 
cxvl: a0) 5 Eamaen eb ara Ce eee 


 } himselfe to the Contemplation, marke, and d 

of her parts and Graces. (So Fol. 1; Qq. and Fol, 2 
denotement.)] x62x ArnswortH Arnot. Pentat, Lev. xxvii. 
* A devotement was more a simple vow, where- 
of there might’ be redemption, but things devoted had 


2 Keligions worship or observance ; ee and 
raise; divine ip. b. spec. (RK. C. Ch.) 
Yorship directed to a special object, e.g. the 


a 


DEVOTION. 


Sacred Heart, Precious Blood, etc. ¢@. An act of 
worship ; now only in #/., worship, ‘prayers’. d. 
A form of prayer or worship, intended for private 
or family use. 

1340 Hamrotr Pr. Consc. 7252 For na devocyone Of 
prayer, ne almusdede, ne messe, May pam help. ¢ 1385 
Cuaucer L. G. W. 1017 Dido, Ther Dido was in hire de- 
vocyoun. a1450 Ant. de ta Tour (1868) 137 Her saulter or 
other bokes of deuocion. c1470 Henry Wallace v1. 127 
Guhes sadly thai had said thar deuotioune. 1493 [See 

EVOTIONER]. 1548 Hatt Chron. 126 ‘The churches were 
seldome used for devocion. 1592 SHaks. Rom. §& Fud. ww. i. 
41 God sheild: I should disturbe Deuotion. 1624 Donne 
(titZe’ Devotions upon Evangelical Occasions, 1632 Lirn- 
Gow 77av. 1v. 143 At their devotion, they will not tollerate 
any women. 1678 Lapy Cuawortn in 12th Ref. /1ist. 
MSS. Comm. App. v. 52 The Queen .. goeing to Somersett 
House to her devotions. 1710 Loud. Gaz. No. 4671/1'To 
assist at an established Devotion, rgrx Strecr Sfect. No. 

9 ? 8 If they..read over so many Prayers in six or seven 
Books of Devotion. 1763 J. Brown Poetry § A/us. xii. 
211 Church Music in Italy. .is considered more as a Matter 
of Amusement than Devotion. 1858 HawtHorne /7. & /t. 
Frnls, (1872) 1. 8 We saw several persons kneeling at their 
devotions. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. vi. 456 
He sent hima splendid book of devotions. 1876 J. P. Norgis 
Rudim. Theol. 1. iv. 70 Devotion, by which we mean the 
soul’s communion with. God. 1879 E. Waterton /ictas 
Mariana Brit. u. 156 The Bead-Psalter..was the popular 
devotion to our Ladye. 1885 Cath. Dict. 393/1 The special 
and formal devotion to the Heart of Jesus..owes its origin 
to a French Visitation nun. 

+d. An object of religious worship. Ods. 

(But this sense is not very certain, the meaning of the 
quots. being in every case doubtful.) 

1580 SipNey Arcadia (1622) 277 Dametas began to speake 
his loud voice, to looke big, to march vp and downe. .swear- 
ing by no meane deuotions, that the walles should not keepe 
the coward from him. 1611 Biste Acts xvii. 21 As I passed 
by and beheld your deuotions [vza7gin Or, gods that you 
worship; Gr. veBdohara, lg. simulachra, Wyciir symu- 
lacris, maumetis, Ahem. Idols]. a 1625 FLetcuer Double 
Marriage w. iv, Churches and altars, priests, and all de- 
votions, Tumbled together into one rude chaos. 

+3. An offering made as an act of worship, an 
oblation ; a gift given in charity, alms. Ods. 

[cx400 Beryn 134 To make hir offringis Ri3te as hir devo- 
cioune was of sylvir broch and ryngis.] 1542 Upatt Lrasiz. 
— 11. (1877) 325 To contribute. .towardes a sacrifice... 
other folkes geuing their deuocion towardes it. 1552 BA. Com. 
Prayer Communion, Then shal the Churche wardens .. 
gather the deuocion of the people, 1581 Pertir Guazzo's 
Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 43 There commeth on a time ., to crave 
his devotion, a poore old man. 1626 L. Owen Running 
Reg. 68 In the lid there is a hole, for people to put their 
Deuotion in. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer Communion, The alms 
for the poor, and other devotions of the people. 

4. The action of devoting or setting apart to 
a sacred use or purpose; solemn dedication, con- 
secration. 

i Renascence sense, but connecting itself with the earlier 
religious uses.] 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) v. vi. 408 Deuocyon 
is as moche to say as dedycacyon, or to be ordeyned to serue 
god and hym prayse. 1657-61 Heyin //ist. Ref. 55 He 
built two Altars, the one .. by the Lord’s appointment, the 
other .. of his own devotion. 1879 Lorrizr Ride in Heyl 
145 Sometimes the inscription records the devotion of some 
town or place to a divinity. 

TI. In non-religious use; introduced in 16th c. 
from ancient L. through It. and Fr. 

5: The quality of being devoted toa person, cause, 
pursuit, etc., with an attachment akin to religious 
devotion ; earnest addiction or application; cn- 
thusiastic attachment or loyalty. 

@1530 Wotsey in Foxe A. & MV. (1583) 990/2 For the sin- 
gular deuotion, whych you beare Siuariiee the kynge and hys 
affaires. 1577 Harrison England i. v. (1877) 1.117 But vnto 
this also I haue no great deuotion. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. i. 

t In the deuotion of a subiects loue. 1604 — O¢A. v. i. 8, 

haue no great deuotion to the deed.. 1607 — Cor. 11. ii. 
21 Hee seekes their hate with greater deuotion, then they 
can render it him. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti’s Archit., Life 5 
Lewis .. had a very great devotion for the Annuntiata of 
Florence [a church]. 1830 D'Israrti Chas. /, III. vi. 100 
This fervid devotion to art in Charles. 1865 Miss Brappon 
Only a Clod 1, 9 To attach themselves with slavish devotion 
to some brutal master. 

+6. Devoted or attached service ; command, dis- 
posal. Zo be at the devotion of, at a person’s 
devotion, etc. [F. ttre a la dévotion de quelgw un, 
16th c, in Littré], to be entirely devoted to him 
or her. Ods. 

1558 in Sti Ann. Ref. 1. 1. App. iv. 5 Men known 
to be sure at the queen’s devotion. 1568 Grarron Chron. 
II. 1300 Considering the multitude of them which is 
come to his majesties devotion. 1581 Mutcaster Po- 
sitions xix. (1887) 80 When they had their whirling 
gigges under the devotion of their scourges. 1600 E. 
Biount tr. Conestaggio 92 He drew all he coulde to the 
Catholique Kings devotion. 1623 Bincuam Xenophon 
Shipping is readie now, and at your deuotion. 1635 Rr 
Botton Com/. Aff. Conse. i. 139 He stood now before them 
in bonds, at stheir mercy and Sevotind as they say. 1709 
Steece & Swirr Tatler No. 68 ® 5 A little of which [wax] 
he puts upon his Fore-finger, and holds the Die in 
the Box at his Devotion. 1759 Ropertson His¢. Scot?. 1.1. 
64 The eight ecclesiastics .. were entirely at the king’s de- 
votion. 1794 Burke Pref. to Brissot’s Address Wks. VII. 315 
The sans culottes, or rabble..were wholly at the devotion 
of those incendiaries, and received their daily pay. 1 
Times 13 May in Spirit Metrop. Conserv. Press C9 


the 


I. 337 Such channels as were at the devotion of 
minister. 


295 


+b. quasi-concr. Obs. 

1570-6 LamBarve Peramb Kent, (1826) 215 Such as were 
of the devotion of the Earle. 

+ 7. That.to which a person’s action, or a thing, 
is devoted ; object, purpose, intent. Ods. 

1594 Suaks. Nich, ///, 1v. i. 9 Whither away? Anne. No 
farther then the Tower, and as I guesse, Vpon the like de- 
uotion as your selues. 1646 J. Grecory Notes § Obs. (1650) 
27 The devotion of the Reverse [of the Coyne] is to celebrate 
the..victory of Augustus over all A°gypt. 

8. ‘The action of devoting or applying to a parti- 
cular use or purpose. 

1861 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) I, 31 The devotion of a few 
a OF to it, 1885 Pall Mall G. 19 Mar. 5/1 ‘The devotion of 
alfa million to the carrying out of railway construction. 

+ Devotionair. Ods. rave. A variant of Dr- 
VOTIONARY with Fr. ending -azre. 

1734 Nort Lives Il. 195 Chief Justice Hales, a profound 
common lawyer, and both devotionair and moralist. 

[f. De- 


Devotional (d/vo-fonal), @. (and sd.) 
VOTION sb, + -AL.] 

1. Of, pertaining to, of the nature of, or charac- 
terized by, religious devotion, or the exercise of 
worship (see DEVOTION 1, 2). 

1648 ‘ikon Bas. 117 Apt for that Devotional compliance 
and juncture of hearts, which I desire to bear in those holy 
Offices. 1664 H. More A/yst. Jig. 257 ‘That high act of 
Religion and devotional Love which is due to him. 1678 
Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. 364 There is another Devotional 
Passage, cited out of Euripides, which conteins a clear ac- 
knowledgment of One Self-existent Being. 1769 J. GILLIES 
(¢7¢/e) Devotional Exercises on the New Testament. 1841 
W. Spacpine /taly & Jt. Jsl. 11. 247 The devotional spirit 
of the older masters. 18g (¢/t/e) Devotional Helps for the 
Seasons of the Christian Year, 1860 Froupr ///st. Lug. 
VI. 244 Contrasting the vexations of the world with the 
charms of devotional retirement. : 

2. Belonging to, or arising from, devotion or 
enthusiastic attachment to a person, etc. rare. 

1677 GiLPIn Demonol, (1867) 168 Men are apt to subscribe 
to anything he shall say, froma blind devotional admiration 
of the parts wherewith he is endowed. 

+B. sd. A devotional composition; a form of 
prayer or worship, Ods. rare. 

1659 Gauven Tears of Church 87 In their disputings 
against the Devotionals of the Church of England. 

Hence Devo'tionalism, devotional character ; 
Devo'tionalist, one given to (religious) devotion, 
a devotee; Devotiona lity, Devo‘tionalness, the 
quality of being devotional. 

1673 H. Morr APA. Antid. 25 This Image was the Object 
of the kissing, with all the exteriour devotionalness used 
therein. 1736 H. Coventry Phil, to Hyd, Conv. 1. (‘V.)' The 
complete image of a French devotionalist. 1829 Alackw. 
Mag. XXV. 600 Lord Pitsligo was of the first class of de- 
votionalists. c1849 CLoucu Poems & Prose Rent. (1869) I. 
299 To believe that religion is, or in any way requires, de- 
votionality, is, if not the most noxious, at least the most 
obstinate form of irreligion. 1850 Rosertson Life & Left. 
I. 327, I should not say that devotionality was the character- 
istic of Channing’s mind. 1859 Sat. Kev. VII. 31/2 Mr. 
Gladstone’s particular variety of sentimental devotionalism. 
1883 J. Hatton in //arfer's Mag. Nov. 833/1 To take in the 
eclecticism of Greek art, the devotionalism of the Mediaeval. 

Devotionally (divorfanali), adv. [f. Devo- 
TIONAL@, +-LY 2.] In adevotional manner; in the 
way of (religious) devotion. 

1668 H. More Div. Dial. u. xiv. (1713) 131 By studiously 
and devotionally quitting..his own animal desire thro’ an 
intire purification of his Spirit. 1694 KerrteweLt Comp. 
Persecuted 135 Read, not only for Instruction, but Devo- 
tionally, as Hymns to God, 1891 ‘I’. Moztey 7'he Son xxxii. 
206 If people would..read portions of Scripture carefully, 
thoughtfully, and devotionally, every day of the year. 

+ Devo'tionary, @. and s/. Obs. [f. Devotion 
sb. +-ARY |.] 

A. adj. Pertaining to (religious) devotion ; de- 
votional. 

1631 J. Burces Axsw. Rejoined App. 108 Such priuate 
deuotionary prayers. 1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1, 219 
The first Popish..Confessor. .that liv’d in Private Families, 
and regulated their Devotionary Conduct. 1808 SoutHey 
Lett. fr. Spain 1. 264 This was a fashionable devotionary 
receipt. 

B. sé. A person characterized by religious de- 
votion ; = DEVOTEE 2. 

1660 WaTERHOUSE Avms §& Arm. 116 [They] haue rifled 
Academies, and disbanded Convents of Devotionaries. 21670 
Hacker Adp, Williams u. (1692) 51 A crew of bawds and 
gamesters might have set up a standing with less prejudice 
than these devotionaries: _ 

b. gen. One devoted or addicted to something ; 

= DEVOTEE I. 

1671 True Nonconf. 26 The great Devotionaries of ease. 


Devo'tionate, «. rare. [f. Devorion, after 


affectionate, compassionate, etc. : see -ATE*,] Full 


of devotion, devout. 

se Sir J. K. James J asso (1865) II. xut. lxx, To God 
raised up devotionate appeal. 

Devortioner. rare. [f. Devoron + -ER?: ef. 
missioner.| A member of a guild of devotion ; 
a devotionary. 

1883 Ch. Times 21 Sept. 655/4 The wives of the devotioners 
{Brethren of‘ the devocyon of the Masse of Ihu.’, at Reading, 
1493] were honoured with the highest seats or pews next to 
the mayor’s wife’s seat, 

Devo‘tionist. [f. Dvorton + -1sr.] One 
who formally professes or practises devotion. 

a 1656 Br. Hatt Solilog. 73 (T.) There are certain zealous 


DEVOUR. 


devotionists, which abhor all set forms and fixed hours of 
invocation. 1676 R. Dixon wo Yest. To Rdr. 12 Whining 
Devotionists, floating in their blind and zealous Formalities. 
1755 1’. AMory Jez, (1769) II. 193 Those doating devotion- 
ists of Christendom. 

Devortionize, v. nonce-wd. [See -12F.] trans. 
‘lo convert to devotional use. 

1894 Scott. Leader 1 Mar. 3 Another great fault is the 
author's tendency to devotionize everything. 

+ Devo'tious, @. Obs. rare. [a. F. dévotienx, 
in 15th c. devocieus, -eux, f. dévotion: see -ous.] 
Full of devotion, devoted. Hence + Devo'tiously 
adv., + Devo tiousness. 

1583 in Sir J. Melvil J/es. (1735) 303 By secret and mutual 
Conference of devotious and discreet Instruments. 1621 
Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 124 Our affectionate seruices ., 
shall euer .. bee most deuotiouslie obseruing to your com- 
mands. a 1660 Hammonp H’ks. I. 234 (R.) By which ’tis 
clear what notion they had of e@eAo@pyaxeca, to wit, that of 
devotiousness, piety. 

+ Devortist. 00s. 
devotee.| A devotee. 

1641 J. Jonnson Acad, Love 85 All such Devotists we en- 
list in the Hall of Musicke. 1675 Ocitsy B7/t. 52 Shafts- 
bury.. here King Edward ed .. was Interr’d.. his Shrine 
afterwards was so visited by Devotists that the Town for a 
time bore his Name. A . 

+ Devo'tive, @.and sé. Obs. rare. [f. L.. wevot- 
ppl. stem: see Devore v. and -IvE.] 

A. adj. Characterized by devotion; ready to 
devote (himself). 

1608 W. Witkes and Memento Mag. 9 A King. .so respec- 
tiue of publike good, and deuotiue to the seruice of God. 

B. sé. A person who devotes himself, a Dr- 
VOTER. 

1608 W. Witkes 2d Memento Mag. 11 ‘Vhe holy consort 
of Gods deuotiues. 

+ Devoto (dzvouto), sb. Obs. PI. -oe8, -o’s, 
-os; also (as in It.) -i.  [a. It. or Sp. devolo, de- 
voted, devout :—L. dévotus ; cogn. with OF. devot, 
I. dvot, and thus with Devout and Devote a, and 
sb, The corresp. feminine is Drvora.] 

A person zealously devoted to religion or re- 
ligious observances, or to the service of a cause, 
person, etc. ; 2 devotee. 

1599 SANDYS /urope Spec. (1605) A iv, Where one pro- 
fesseth himself a devofo or peculiar servant to [ed, 1632, of] 
our Lord, whole towns sometimes .. are the Devof? of our 
Ladie. 1655 GURNALL Chr, tn Arm, xv. (1669) 163/1 As 
doubtfully..as the Devil did [speak] in his Oracles to his 
Devoto'’s. 1678 Cupwortu /uted?. Syst, 1. iii. 138 Such De- 
votoes to the heavenly bodies as look upon all other stars 
as petty deities, but the Sun as the supreme Deity, @ 1694 J. 
Scorr Wks. (1718) IL. 375 The Devotos of all religions. 1712 
Arputunot Zohn Bull u. ii, Which gave rise to two great 
parties among the wives—the Devotoes. .and the Hitts. 

+ Devortor. [Cf Devorer.] = prec. (for which 
it may be a misprint’. 

1648 Jos. Beaumont /syche 1x. 123 This done: His sacred 
Hand He lifted up, And round about on his Devotor's dealt 
His bounteous blessing. [Quoted by R, as devoso's.] 

+ Devo'tory, @. Ols. rave. [ad. 1.. type 
votori-us, f. dévolor he who devotes : see DEVOTE z 
and -ory.] Having the function of devoting : see 
Devore v. 3. : 

1652 GAuLE A/agastrom. 279 Vhereupon the Chaldwans 
set up an imprecatory and devotory libell. 

Devotour, corrupt f. ADULTER; see Deyourour. 

+ Devo'tress. Ods. [f. Devorer: see -Ess.] 
A female devotee ; a votaress. 

1624 Gag for Pope 68 Nuns‘and other deuotresses. 1662 
Evetyn Chalcogr. 20 Aristotle mentions Daphne a certain 
Devotresse of Apollo. 1689 J. Cartiste Fortune Hunters 
35 Cruel Devotress, will you rob the World Of the but one 
sweet Angel they have left ‘To add to those vast Millions 
are above? 7 

+ Devouation. 04s. In 5 -acioun. [app. f. 
F. dévouer to devote by a vow: see -ATION,] 
The act of vowing, a vow. 

1428 E. E. Wills (1882) 81 Y woll thet myne Executours. . 
parfourme forth my deuouaciouns forth as I was wonte. 

+Devouement. Ods. [a F. dévouement 
(15-16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. dévouer: see 
Devow.] The act of devoting ; devotion. 

16rr Spee /7ist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii, 108 The worthy deyoue- 
ment of some Calisian Townesmen to that certaine perill. 

Devour (d/vaue's), v. Also 4-6 devoure, 5 
-vowre, -vowryn, -vouir, -wore, 6 devore, 
-vower, -voir(e. [a. OF. devorer (stressed stem 
devur-, devour-) =Pr. and Sp. devorar, It. devorare, 
ad. L. dévorare to swallow down, f. Dg-1.1 + vorare 
to swallow, gulp.] (Formerly often with #.) 

I. properly. ; 

1. To swallow or eat up voraciously, as a beast 
of prey ; to make a prey of, to prey upon. 

¢ 1315 SHorEHAM 29 He soffreth no3t to be to-trede, And 
of bestes devoured. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xiii. 55 
Babiloyne sall_a nedder comme, pat sall deuoure all be 
werld, ¢ 1430 Lype. Chichev. § Byc. in Dodsley O. PZ. XII. 
334 Wherfor Bycorn this cruel beste will us devouren at the 
lest. 1494 FaByaNn Chron. vii. 12 He. .was of wylde bestes 
or Woluys slayne or deuouryd. 1559 Mirr. Mag., F. Cade 
xxi, Set aloft for vermine to deuower. 1588 A. Kine tr. 


{f. Devore a. + -1sT: cf. 


- Canisius’ Catech. Prayers 36 The dragon with his mouthe 


oppin reddy to deuoire ws. 1650 ‘T'rape Comm. Pentat. I. 
7o Like enough to devour up both men and beasts. od 
Sewer Hist, Quakers (1795) 1. u. 120 Turned as a wolf to 


DEVODR. 


devour the lambs. 1869 Tennyson C of Arthur 27 
And ever and anon the wolf would steal children and 
devour. 

absol. 1610 Suaks. Tem. m. iii. 84 Brauely the figure of 
this Harpie hast thou Perform'd (my Ariell) ; a grace it had, 
deuouring. 

2. Of human beings: a, To eat greedily, eat up, 
consume or make away with, as food. b. sfec. To 
eat like a beast, to eat ravenously or barbarously. 

a. 1382 Wycur Rev. x. 9 He seide to me, Take the book, 
and deuoure it. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxix. 265 
‘Than they wente vnto the dukes place of lancastre..that 
was callyd the sauoy, and ther they deuoured and destroyed 
al the goodex. 1586 B. Youne tr. Guaszo's Civ. Conv. tv. 
187 On Shroftuesdaie night I d d so much, that y* 
next daie I had no stomacke to eate anie thing at all. 18: 
Hr. Martineau Manch. Strike x. 110 To devour their meals 
hastily, as if their time were not their own. 1842 A. Compe 
Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 240 We never eat more than 
enough. Je never devour lobsters, or oysters, or salmon. 

b. 1603 Knotes //ist. Turks (1621) 442 A great feeder, 
so that he seemed rather to devour his meat than to eat 
it. 1611 Biste Ecclus. xxxi. 16 Eate as it becommeth a 
man..and deuoure not, lest thou be hated. 1719 De For 
Crusoe II. ii, 28 The poor creatures rather devoured than 
ate it. 

II. ¢ransf. With consume as the main notion. 
- 3. Of a person or personal agent: To consume 
destructively, recklessly, or wantonly; to make 
away with, waste, destroy (substance, property, or 
Jig. its owners). Ods. exc. in bibl. language. 

a13¥40 Hampoie Psalter Cant. 511 Him pat deuours be 
pore in hidil. 1382 Wycuir Ps. xxxiv. 25 Ne sei thei, wee 
shal devouren hym. 1382 — Luke xv. 30 This thi sone, 
which deuouride his substaunce with hooris, ¢ 1386 Cuaucer 
Reeve's T. 66 He wolde his joly blood honoure, ‘Though 
that he schulde holy chirche deuoure. 1393 Lanai. P. Pd. C. 
xvi. 280 Lightliche pat pei leue loseles hit deuouren. ¢ 1460 
Fortescur Ads. & Lim, Mon. iii. (1885) 115 The reaume of 
Englonde..wolde be than a pray to all ober nacions bat 
wolde conqwer, robbe, and deuouir it. 1655 STANLEY ///s/. 
Philos. 1. (1701) 23/1 If any one maintain not his Parents, 
let him be infamous, as likewise he that devours his patri- 
mony. 1657 J. Smitu Myst. Rhet. 19 So we say of some 
Guardians, They have devoured the Orphans, intimating 
the Orphans’ patrimony. 

b. with the sense swa//ow up more or less pre- 
ments) ef. :5: 

1382 Wyciir Mark xii. 40 Scribis .. whiche deuouren the 
housis of widewis. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 140 
Ye..rape and deuour the almes and sustenaunce of the poore 
seruauntes of god. 1602 Marston Ant. & Alel.1. Wks. 1856 
I. 11 She. . Inticeth princes to devour heaven, Swallow omni- 
potence, out-stare dread fate. 1697 DrypEn Virg. Past. 
111.6 Thou, Varlet, dost thy Master’s gains devour. 1836 
Hor. Smitn Tin Trump, (1876) 144 Wherever Religion has 
been the mother of wealth the daughter has invariably de- 
voured the parent. 

te. To make a prey of, treat with rapine. Ods. 

1530 Patscr. 515/1 He hath devoured twenty maydens 
and wyves agaynst their wylles in his dayes. c 1540 in 
Knox //ist. Ref. Wks. 1846 1. 73 Seikand Christes peple to 
devoir. 1547 Sacessury Welsh Dict., Teisio morwyn, 
devoure a mayden. 

+d. To despoil (a person) of (substance) by con- 
suming it. Ods. rare’. 

1545 Brinktow Compl. iv. (1874) 17 Let them make good 
defence, that their poore neyhbors..be not deuouryd of their 
corne and grasse. 

4. Of inanimate agencies: To consume, destroy. 
Said esp. of fire, sword, pestilence, or other agencies 
which claim numerous victims. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Anel. & Arc. 14 This old story. .That eild 
.. hath nigh devoured oute of my memory. 1382 WyciiF 
Joel ii. 3 Before the face of hym fijr deuourynge, and after 
hym brenyng flawme. _ 1393 Gower Con/. I. 339 So that no 
life shall be socoured, But with the dedely swerd devoured. 


1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 46 Etyn away, dayly de- | 


uouryd and consumyd by commyn syknes and dysease. 
1579 Gosson Sch. Aduse (Arb.) 39 Stir Iupiter to anger to 
send vs a Stroke that shal deuoure vs. 1652 NEEDHAM 
tr. Sedden's Mare Cl, 266 The Earth did not bring forth its 
Fruits..but devoured very many people by famine. 1665 
Str T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 210 But the Monument..is 
not now to be seen, for Time has devoured it. MiLron 
P.L, xu. 183 Haile mixt with fire must rend th’ Egyptian 
Skie And wheel on th’ Earth, devouring where it rouls. 
a17it Ken Hymnotheo Poet. 
Beings no ption can devour, Annihilable by sole 
boundless Power. Fr. A. Kemate Resid. in Georgia 
a The flames devouring the light growth. 1874 Stusss 

onst. Hist. 1. iv. 61 Whom the sword spared famine and 
pestilence devoured, 


III. With sallow as the main notion. 

5. al water, the earth, etc.: To swallow up, 
engulf, 

1555 Even Decades 92 He had seene many Culchas de- 
uoured of whirlepoles. 1590 Suaxs. A/ids. N. 1. i, 148 
‘The iawes of nesse do deuoure it vp. _1602 Marston 
Antonio's Rev. w. iv. Wks. 1856 I, 128 The very ouze, 
The quicksand that devours all miserie. 1614 Ratricn 
Hist. World 1, 1. i. -§ 4. 135 Those that tooke the Sea, 
were therein deuoured ere they recouered them. 1783 
Craspe Village 1. Wks. 1834 IL. 79 The ocean roar Whose 
greedy waves devour the lessening shore. 

6. Of persons: a. To take in greedily and with 
eagerness the sense of(a book, discourse, or the like). 

1581 Perrie tr. Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 11, (1586) 63 They have 
devoured all sortes of bookes. 1604 SHaks. Oth, 1. iii. 150 
She'l'd come againe, and with a greedie eare Deuoure vp 
my discourse, 1647 Trare Comm, Epistles 530 Ministers 
must so devour and digest the holy iptures, that [etc]. 
1753 A. Murrny Gray’s-/un Yourn. No. 40 ® 2 Miss Vain- 
love devoured up these Expressions of Admiration with 


1721 III. 300 Their 


296 


agreedy Ear, 1823 Scott tin D. Introd., He devoured 
the story of the work with which was engaged. 1831 
Brewster New/on (1855) 1. i. 15 Devouring some favourite 
author. 1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke i. (76 11 Missionary 
tracts..how I devoured them. 1878 RK. H. Hutton Scott 
ii. 19 He learned Spanish and d d Cer 

b. To take in eagerly with the eyes; to look 
upon with avidity. 

1621 Burton Anat, Mel. ui. ii. ut. (1676) 312/1 Drink to 
him with her eyes, nay drink him up, devour him, swallow 
him as Martial’s Mammurra is remembered to have done. 
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 11. 645 Early Visitants, With 


eager Eyes devouring. . The breathing Figures of Corinthian 


Brass. 1718 Prior So/omon 11. 381 With an unguarded look 
she now devour’'d My nearer 1870 Morris Larthd; 
Par. II. 111. 57 His eyes devoured her loveliness. 1 G 
Zancwitt Bachelors Club 186 The Doctor dev 
with his eyes. 

ce. To absorb greedily or selfishly. 

1647-8 CorrereL. Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 11 The House 
of Guise in a manner devoured all the Chief Employments 
of the State. 

d. To swallow or suppress within one’s own 
breast (chagrin, grief, etc.). 

1650 Trapp Comm. Pentat. 1. 262 To persevere in prayer, 
and to devour all discouragements. 1820 Scott Adbot 
xxxviii, Catherine Seyton devoured in secret her own grief. 
1850 Prescott ern II. 182 Devouring his chagrin as he 
best could. 

7. Of things: a. To occupy (a person) so as to 
engross the attention ; to absorb. 

(Sometimes including the notion of consuming (4) or of 
swallowing up (5).) 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems xiv. 81 Devorit with dreme, devys- 
ing in my slummer. 1608 SHaks. Per. 1v, iv. 25 Pericles, in 
sorrow all devour'd, With sighs shot through, and biggest 
tears o’ershower'd, Leaves Tarsus and again embarks. 171§- 
20 Pore Ef. Addison 41 Poor Vadius, long with learned 
spleen devour'd, Can taste no pleasure since his Shield was 
scour'd, 1863 Mrs, Ouirnant Sad. CA, xxi. 25 She walked 
home with Beecher, devoured by feverish hopes and fears. 
I M. Arnotp Ess, Crit. ii. (1875) 79 Not to hold ideas 
of this kind a little more easily, to be so devoured by them, 
to suffer them to become crotchets. 

b. To absorb so as to do away with. 

1625 E. Titman in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IIT. 244 The 
joy of the people devoured their mourning. 1875 HeEtrs 
Ess., Pract. Wisd. 5 The large hands and feet of a dwarf 
seem to have devoured his stature, 

8. Phrases. + a. 70 devour difficulties [F. dévorer 
les difficultés|: to tackle and overcome difficulties 
with spirit. Obs. b. Zo devour the way, course, 
etc. [F. dévorer l’espace|; to get over the ground 
with great rapidity. 

1597 Suaks. 2 //en, /V,1.i. 47 He seem’d in running, to 
deuoure the way, Staying no longer question. 
Naaman 128 She will hold close to her own tacklings and 


her | 


DEVOUT. 


+ Devou'ress. Oés. [short for devoureress, a. 
OF. devoureresse, -voreresse, fem. of devorere, de- 
voreor DEVOURER.] A female devourer. ‘ 

1382 Wycir Ezek, xxxvi. 13 Thou art a deuouresse of 
men. 1598 Yonc Diana ‘The fierce of my 
life approoued ..As fell in as she is faire in face. 1611 
Foro, Dinoratrice, a 

, vol. sb. [f. DEvouRn v.+-1NG 1,] 
The action of the verb DEvour. 

1382 Wyciir 7odit xii. 3 Me myself fro the deuouring of 

the fish he delyuerede. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu. 


xxvi. (1495) 457 They byte other wyth 
a ” 


vnresonable swalow- 
1577 B. Gooce Hereshach's Husb. 


ynge leuourynge. 
Iv. (1586) _ b, Many times, they [bees] die of a disease 
that they call the great devouring. Gentl. Calling 


(1696) 70 The more ravenous devourings of the Vulture. 
ing, /f/. a. [f. Devour v. + -1NG2.] 
That devours, in various senses of the word. 
1382 Wycuir /sa. xxix. 6 Gret vois of whirlewind, and of 
pest, and of fl of fijr d de (1388 fier deuowr- 
yaec. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. vii. 48 His biting Sword, and 
is devouring Speare. Sm T. Hersert 7rav. 140 
Where the two famous Rivers Tygris..and Euphrates.. 
become one with the same devouring Gulph. 1724 R. Fat- 
coner Voy. (1769) 63 For fear some devouring Creature 
should come and seize me. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) VIL. i. 
21 Avoid the devouring deep. 1810 SouTHEY Woheoms 1. 
xiv, Devouring flames have swallow’d all. 1818 SHELLEY 
Rev. Islam vii. xix, Ye are the spoil Which Time thus 
marks for the devouring tomb. 
Hence Devou'ringly adv.; Devou-ringness. 
1552 Hutoet, Deuourynglye, voraciter. 1600 F, WALKER 
Sp. Mandeville 23a, It was a thing of admiration, to see 
how deuouringly he eat and dran 1611 Frorio, Di- 
uoracita, deuouringnesse, greedinesse. 1837 CAMPBELL in 
Atheneum 11 Mar. 173/3. My Mauritanian beauties are 
ites fond of puppies. They gobble them up by 
litters in their couscousou. 1887 Mrs. C. Praep Bond of 
Wedlock 1. vii. 184 His eyes fixed devouringly upon her. 
ourment (d/vaueumént}. [f. DEvour z. 
+-MENT.] The action of devouring or consum- 
i 


ng. 

1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 601 His faculties of devour- 
ment were next to boundless. 1841 J. T. Hewrett Parish 
Clerk 1. 77 Supper announced to ready for their ‘de- 


vourment . 


| 1891 Fun 3 June 233/2 hall > specu car 
devourment of this book ahs the aan relis 


1642 Rocers | 


devour a great deale of difficulty. 1648Sanperson Serm.Ad | 


Auda xvi. § 25 (1674) 230 He that setteth forth for the goal 
if he will obtain, must resolve to devour all difficulties, an 
torunit out. a@ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 111. 190 Wat 
Tyler was woundly angry with Sir John Newton, Knight.. 
for devouring his distance, and not making his approaches 
mannerly enough unto him. 1725 Pore Odyss. vill. 102 
None. .swifter in the race devour the way. 1772 Proce tr. 
Fitzstephen's Descr, London 38 The signal once given, they 
[the horses] strike, devour the course [cursum rapinunt), 
hurrying along with unremitting velocity. 1883 Hotme 
Lee Loving & Serving II. xiii. 271 The strong black horse 
was very fresh, and devoured the road before him. 


Devou'rable, ¢z. [f. Devour v. + -aBLE: cf. 
16th c. F. devor-, devourable, L. dévorabilis.] 
Capable of being devoured ; consumable. 

1603 Hot.ann Plutarch's Mor. u. 116 (L.) A clear and 
undebauch'd appetite renders every thing sweet and delight- 
ful to a sound body, and devourable. 16rg Hieron Wes, 
I. 602 Fier burnes vp..such as is deuoura Ae it. 1735 
Stoane Yamaica Il, 2 ip! papers or other goods devour- 
able by them are put up in chests of this wood. 1826 Blackw. 
Mag. XIX. 335 The editors. .seized on the devourable parts, 
and gave both islands a feast. 

Devourer ((/vaue'ra1). Alsos -our, -ar, [ME. 
devourour, a. AF. devorour = OF. devoreor, de- 
vorecur (12th c. in Godef.) :—dévoratir-em, agent- 
n. from dévorare to Devour.] 

1. One who devours; one who eats greedily or 
voraciously. 

1382 Wycur Matt, xi. 19 A man deuourer, or oun. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvin, \xvi. (1495) 822 lyon 
is a deuourer of meete wythout chewynge. 1399 LANGL. 
Rich. Redeles mt. 371 Devourours of vetaile. Epen 
Decades 48 Men which are deuourers of mans flesshe. 1664 
Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 209 igs. .are cu De- 
vourers. 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. 1. 219 They..move 
slowly, but reluctantly, towards the yawning jaws of their 


devourers. ~ oe Brartnwaite Salmonide of 
t is 


Westmorland 
salmon, 

2. transf. and fig. One who or that which con- 
sumes, destroys, swallows up, or absorbs, 

1385 Cuaucer L.G. W. 1 ‘ypsip., Duk Iason Thou 
sly [v. ». sleer] deuourere ..Of tendere wemen. ¢ — Henry 
Wallace x. 492 Thou renygat deuorar off thi blud. 1580 
Baret Af, Go. An vnsatiable reader: a deuourer of 


a devourer of the spawn of 


Devout (divau't), a. and sé. Forms: a. 3-5 
(6 Sc.) devot, 3-7 (9 arch.) devote, (4 devoste), 
6 Sc. devoit, divoit, divot. 8. 3- devout, 4-5 
devowt(e, 4-6 devoute. [ME. devot, devout, a. 
OF. devot, devote (12th c. in Littré), = Pr. devot, 
Sp. devoto, It. divoto, ad. L. dévot-us devoted, given 
up by vow, pa. pple. of dévovére to Devorr. The 
close OF, @ became the vowel ow (#) in ME., 
whence the modern diphthong ow; but a form in d, 
Sc. of, was also in use: see DEVOTE a. 

1. Devoted to divine worship or service ; solemn 
and reverential in religious exercises; pious, reli- 
gious. 

a. ax122g Ancr. R, 376 Puruh aromaz, pet beod swote, is 
understonden swotnesse of deuot heorte, ¢ 1325 £. £, Addit. 
P. A. 406 Be dep deuote in hol mekenesse, ¢ 1400 MAuNDEV. 
(Roxb,) viii. 30 Pai er deuote men and pure lyf. 
Srewart Cron. Scot, 11. 567 Diuoit he wes with mony 
almous deid. 1549 Compl. Scot. (1872) 4 The deuot Kyng, 
Numa pompilius. 1651 [see Devore a.]. 

B. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 369 In chyrche he was deuout 
ynou, 1382 Wyciir x. xxxv. 29 Alle men and wymmen with 
a deuowt mynde offerden 3iftis. c P . Parv. 120 
Devowte, devotus. a ni. de la cr (868) 7 A shorte 
orison, saide with devouute herte. ¢xgrz rst Eng. 
Bk, Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 31/2 These people be very deuoute. 
1530 Patscr. 310/1 Devoute, holy disposed to praye, denot, 
1636 Six H. Biount Vey. Levant (2639) 87 All the devouter 
sort (which are not many) goe to Church, and sa: 

yers. 1732 Law Serious C. i. (ed. 2) 1 He..is the devout 
an who lives no longer to his own will... but to the sole 
will of God. 1865 M. Arnotp £ss. Crit, ix. (1875) 398 The 
devoutest of your fellow Christians. 1883 Froupr Short 


i 


* Stud. AV. 1. ii. 185 Keble was a representative of the devout 
mind of England. 


tb. gen. Devoted, a or reverently 
attached (¢o a b ts son or cause), Oéds. 
erm, Sel, Wks. I. 113 God wolle have oure 


uay) Comm, 201 Isaac was..devout to God. 1659 
B, Harris Parival’s [ron Age 205 Sir Thomas Wentwort! 
-. became the most devout friend of the Church. 

2. Of actions and thin 


of his halighis. c1goo 2 's Tesi 
Poet. 3 He syng Foure devoite masses at my biryng. 
a 1541 Barnes Wks. 318(R.), To pep mee wyth his deuote 
prayer. 1552 App. fawuzon Catech. (1884) 8 Faithful and 
devoit prayar. ~ [see Devore a.). 

B. ¢1340 Hampo.e Tr. 24 Deuoute pra: 


feruent 

desi: nd ely meditacions, 1 (title - 
ne “ot Perfeccyon, a devoute Tease in Entiyabe, 
1603 Reotis Hist. Turks (1621) 78 The devout warre, 
reliefe of th Christians in 


bookes. 1586 'T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 622 Achilles 
offering great injuries to --called him Devour 

of the le. be. Loe '. Calling (1696) 82 Gaming, like 
a Quick Sand, swal up a Man in 1a moment .. awks, 


Peiist. Ind. ey In his writings, 
Son mayle necslto oll Massehnaee 


and Hounds and H , &e. hat d 

1698 Wantey Wond. Lit. World 1. xliv. § By 228/1 The 
Eye that is the devourer of such beautiful Objects. 1 
Spectator 7 June 799 The shallowest novel-devourer will 
find in it excitement enough. 


3. Earnest, sincere, hearty. 


DEVOUT. 


B. as sd. +1. A devotee. Ods. 

[ec Gesta Rom. xcii. 419 json MS.) This knyght had 
a poe te woman to wife, and a deuoute to oure ladie.] 1616 
R. Suetvon Miracles Antichrist 247 (T.) Not .. the ordin- 
ary followers of Antichrist, but .. his special devouts. 1675, 
tr. Machiavelli's Prince xv, (Rtldg. 1883) 98 One a devout, 
another an atheist. ‘ 

2. That which is devout; the devotional part. 

1649 Mitton Eikon. i. (1851) 344 This is the substance of 
his first Section, till we come to the devout of it, model’d 
into the form of a privat Psalter. 

+ Devou't, v.! Ods. Variant of Devore v. 

1605 Stow Chron. an. 1603 (R.) Hee shewed himselfe a 
well deuouted Christian. 1639 Drumm. or Hawrtn. Lidra- 
vies Wks. (1711) 223 How much is Florence adebted .. to 
Bessarion..who at his death devouted to it a library, 1651 
tr. Bacon's Life §& Death 15 A Man peaceable, Contemplative 
and much devouted to Religion, 

|| Devou'tement, adv. Obs. rare. [a. OF. de- 

te t (in AF. devow-).] Devoutly. 

@ 1400 Octonian 63 The holy pope Seynt Clement. .prayede 
God deuoutement .. That [etc.]. 

+ Devou'tful, az. Os. [irreg. f. Devout a. + 
-FUL: (a suffix properly added to a sb.).] Full of 
devoutness ; devout, pious. 

1597 Dantet Civ, Wars 1. xiv, Richard .. who .. all his 
fathers 


mighty treasure spent, In that devoutfull Action of | 


the East. 1598 Torre Ada (1880) 28 As painfull Pilgrim 
in deuoutfull wise. 1604 Marston & WessteR Madcontent 
1. i, To make her his by most devoutful rites. 


+Devou'tless, 2. Obs. rare—°. [irreg. f. as 
prec. +-LESS ; cf. DEvorELEss.] Without devout- 
ness, undevout. Hence + Devou‘tlessness. 

1576 R. Curtis Two Serm, C vj b (T.), The darts of de- 
voutlessness, unmercifulness, and epicurisme. .fly abrode. 

Devoutly (divau'tli), av. Also 4-6 deuote- : 
see Devoura. [f. Devour a. +-Ly 2.] 

1. In a devout manner; reverently, piously, 
religiously. 

a. ©1325 Metr. Hom. 160 And ilke day deuotely, Herd 
scho messe of our Lefdye. ¢1380 Wycuir IV’ks. (1880) 319 
To preye deuoteliche. c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xv. 69 3 
serue 30ur Godd weleand deuotely. ?c¢1g00 How Plowman 
lerned Pater Noster 42 in Hazl. E. P. P. 1. 211 Late me 
here The saye devotely thy pater noster. 1588 A. Kina tr. 
Canisius’ Catech. 34 Prayers ..quhan thay in y® name off 
Iesus Christ, ar humblie and deuotlie desyrit, helpis mony. 

B. cx325 £. £. Allit. P. B. 814 His two dere do3terez de- 
uoutly hem haylsed. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xvii. 76 He 
serued Godd full deuoutely. ¢1489 Caxton Blauchardyn 
xxxvii. 137 They sholde deuoutly do baptyse hem self. 1568 
Kut. of Curtesy 451 She confessed her devoutly tho, And 
shortely receyved the Sacrament. cr6rx Donne Poems 
(1633) 275 Who dream’d devoutlier then most use to pray. 
1781 Gipson Decd. § F. II. 137 Julian most devoutly ascribes 
his miraculous deliverance to the protection of the Gods. 
1849 James Woodman iv, She crossed herself devoutly. 

. Earnestly, sincerely, fervently. 

1602 Suaks. Ham, i. i. 64 "Tis a consummation De- 
uoutly to be wish’d. 1605 Campen Rew. (1637) 349 His 
devote minde to his Lady hee devoutly, iioush not reli- 
giously shewed, 1798 Soutney Yoan oA 71, 219 Child- 
hood .. Listening with eager eyes and open lips Devoutly 
in attention. 1814 Scorr Wav. Ixvii, Let us devoutly hope, 
that .. we shall never see the scenes .. that were general in 
Britain Sixty Years since, 1874 Mortey Compromise Siete 
113 Men were then devoutly persuaded that their eterna 
salvation depended on their having true beliefs. 

Devoutness (dévau'tnés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being devout; reverential spirit or 
character ; religiousness, piety. 

1377 Pel. Poems (Rolls) I. 217 Nou is devoutnes out icast. 
1530 Patscr. 213/2 Devoutnesse, deuotion. a 1680 GLANVILL 
Sevm. 52(T.) There are some who have a sort of devoutness 
and religion in their partons complexion. 1840 CARLYLE 
Heroes (1858) 22t What devoutness and noblemindedness 
had dwelt in these rustic thoughtful peoples. 1874 Mortey 
Compromise (1886) 178 Religiosity or devoutness of spirit. 

Devoutour, -trour, corrupted forms of advoz- 
tour, advoutrer, ADULTER, -ERER. (Cf, DEVOTERER.) 
So devoutrie for advoutrie, ADULTERY. 

1377 Lanct. P. Pl. B. 1. 175 Owre synne to suffre, As 
deuoutrie [other MSS. aduoutrie] and deuo[r]ses and derne 
vsurye, 1393 /éid. C. 11, 184 And ich my-self cyuyle and 
symonye my felowe Wollen ryden vp-on rectours and riche 
men deuoutours [v. 77. deuotours, deuoutrours]. 

+ Devo've, v. Obs. [ad. L. dévovére to vow or 
devote, f, Dr- I. 2+vovere to vow.] trans. To 
devote. Hence +Devo'ved f//. a., devoted. 

1567 Drant Horace's Efist., Fulius Florus C vj, 1 haue 

2 your home ge Along d d cowe Which 
graseth here ., And fattes her selfe for you. 1618 BoLTon 
Florus 1. xiii. (1636) 37 Such of the Senatours, as had 
borne highest offices .. devove themselves, for their Coun- 
try’s safty, to the gods infernall. 1656 Cowtey Davideis 

iv. 1063 "Iwas his own Son..that he devov’d. 1808 

. Bartow Columé, 1. 852 Receive, dread Powers (since 

can slay no more’, My last glad victim, this devoved gore. 

Devovement: see DEVOUEMENT, 

+ Devow’', v. Obs. [a. 16th c. F. devouer to 
‘dedicate or consecrate by a vow, f. Dr- I. 2, 3 + 
vouer to vow, after L. dévovére, dévotare: see Du- 
VoTE.] 

1. trans. To dedicate or give up by a vow. 

1579 J. Stusses Gaping Gulf Eiij b, A deuowed enemy 
to our Queene. 1600 HoLtanp Livy vii. ix. 287 Come and 
say afore me that forme of words, wherby I may devow and 
betake myselfe for the legions. 1601 — Pliny xxtt. v, P. 
Decius,.. devowed and yeelded himselfe to all the divels 
of hell for the safety of his armie. 1609 — Amm, Marcell, 
226, oo ores my selfe to the Roman Empire. 

OL. . 


| 


297° 


2. To devote, give up. 

1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xv. (1626) 317 By Step-dames 
fraud, and fathers credulous Beliefe deuow'd to death. 1632 
B. Jonson Magn. Lady 1. i, To the inquiry And search of 


_ which, your mathematical head Hath so devow’'d itself. 


3. To disavow, give up, renounce. rare. 

1610 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict. in Farr S. P. Yames / 
(1848) 54 There too the armies angelique devow’d heir 
former rage, and all to Mercy bow’d. 

Hence Devow’'ed //f/. a.: see in 1. 

Devowt(e, obs. form of Devout. 

Devoyer, devoyr(e, obs. forms of DEvorr. 

Devu'lgarize, v. [f. Dr-II.1+Vuncarize.] 
trans. To free from vulgarity. Hence Devw'l- 
garizing f7/. a. 

1868 Annorr in Zac. Mag. May 38/2 Shakespeare, and 
Plutarch’s ‘ Lives’, are very devulgarizing books. 

Devulgate, -vulge, obs. ff. DIVULGATE, -VULGE. 

Devyde, obs. form of Diving. 

Devyer, devyr, obs. forms of Drvorr. 

Devyn(e, -al, -or, -our, etc., obs. ff. DivINE, 
-AL, -ER, etc. 

Dew (diz), 55. Forms: 1 déaw, 2 déw, 2-4 
deu, deu3, 3 dew (Orm.), 4 deew, dew3, deau, 
4-6 dewe, deaw(e, 6 deow(e, due, 3-dew. [Com- 
mon Teut.: OE. déaw, OF ris. daw, OS. dau, MLG. 
dau, Du. dauw, OHG., MHG. tou (tonwes), Ger. 
than, tau, ON. dogg, gen. diggvar, Sw. dagg, Da. 
dug, Goth. *daggwa-:—OTeut. *danwo-, Aryan 
*dhdwo-: cf. Skr. dhaw to flow, run.] 

1. The moisture deposited in minute drops upon 
any cool surface by the condensation of the vapour 
in the atmosphere ; formed after a hot day during or 
towards night, and plentiful in the carly morning. 

Formerly supposed to fall or descend softly from the 
heavens, whence numerous current phrases, figures, and 
modes of speech: cf. DEWFALL. 

a800 Corpus Gloss. 1752 Roscido, deawe. c825 lesf. 
Psalter cxxxiili). 3 Swe swe deaw se astized in munt. ¢ 1000 
fEtrric Exod. xvi. 13 On morgen wes }> deaw abutan ba 
fyrdwic. @x1175 Cott. //om. 233 His sonne, mone, sterren, 
rien, daw, wind. c1175 Lamb. Hon. 159 Pe sunne drach 
up bene deu. c1200 77in. Coll. Hom. 256 On pe lizte pe 
heouene deu3, c 1250 Gen. § Ex. 3325 Knewen he no3t dis 
dewes cost. 1340 Ayend, 91 Bote a drope of deau..be drope 
of pe deawe. ¢1380 Wycuir Se/. Il’ks. III. 27 Weetynge 
of hevenly deew. 1382 — Daniel iv. 30 With dewe of 
heuen his body was enfourmed. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. 
R. vill. xvii. (1495) 326 The more clere that the mone is in the 
Somer tyme the more plente of dewe is seen vpon the grasse 
and herbes. axzg00 J/inor Poems Vernon MS. 618 Softur 
pen watur or eny licour, Or dew3 pat lip on be lilie flour, 
Was cristes bodi. c¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dewe, vos. 1508 
Dunsar Tua Mariit Wemen 10 The dew donkit the daill, 
and dynarit the foulis. 1549 Comfl. Scot. vi. 59 The deu.. 
is ane humid vapour, generit in the sycond regione of the 
ayr. 1596 SpeNSER Astrofh. 191 All the day it standeth 
full of deow. 1601 Suaxs. ¥u7. C. v. iii. 64 Our day is gone, 
Clowds, Dewes, and Dangers come. 1609 Hotiann Ame. 
Marcell, xxi. vi. 238 These pearles, within strong and 
bright shels of the sea-fishes, conceived. .by a commixtion 
of deaw. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 7av. (1677) 372 Pearls.. 
generated. .of the morning dew of Heaven, which in serenes 
falls into the gaping Shell-fish. 1784 Cavenpisy in P//2. 
Trans. LXXIV. 129 Almost all the inflammable air, and 
near one-fifth of the common air, lose their elasticity, and 
are condensed into dew. 1795 SoutHEyY Yoan of Arcil. 9 
As the dews of night Descended. 1800 Worvsw. Pet-lamib 1 
The dew was falling fast, the stars began to blink. 1840 
Dickens Old C, Shop xvii, She walked out into the church- 
yard, brushing the dew from the long grass with her feet. 
1848 Lytton Harold 1. i, Arch and blooming faces bowed 
down to bathe in the May dew. 1878 Huxtey Physiog”. 51 
Moisture which is thus deposited upon any cold surface, 
without production of mist, is termed dew. 1887 Bowen 
Virg. Eclogue v. 77 While bee sucks from the thyme, and 
cicalas drink of the dew. 

+b. p/. ? Damp places. Ods. 

1377 Lanat. P. PZ. B. xv. 289 And also Marie Magdeleyne 
by mores lyued and dewes, — ‘ 

2. fig. Something likened to dew in its operation 
or effect: @. as coming with refreshing power or 
with gentle fall; b. as characteristic of the morning 
of life, of early years, like the ‘early dew’. 

_& ¢x200 OrmiN 9883 All wibputenn dew Off Haliz 
Gastess frofre. 31508 Fisner Wks. (1876) 176 Make them 
moyst with the due of thy grace. 1559 Bk. Com. Prayer, 
Morning Prayer, The continuall deawe of thy blessinge. 

1607 Suaks. Cor. v. vi. 23 He watered his new plants with 
dewes of Flattery. 1 Mitton P. L. 1v. 614 The timely 
dew of sleep. .inclines Our eye-lids. 1738 Pore Epil. Sat. 
1,69 The gracious Dew of Pulpit Eloquence. 1819 SHELLEY 
Cenci 1, i. 178 Sleep, that healing dew of heaven. 1821 — 
Ginevra 115 The dew of music more divine Tempers the 
deep emotions. 1839 YEowELL Anc. Brit. Ch. vi. (1847) 52 
Hearts baptized with the heavenly dews of the Gospel. 

b. 1535 CoverDAte Ps. cix. [cx.] 3 Y° dewe of thy birth is 
of y° wombe of the mornynge. 1849 Rosertson Seri. Ser. 
1. ili. (1866) 53 Dried up the dew of fresh morning fiting. 
1858 Loner. A7. Standish 1. 18 Having the dew of his youth, 
and the beauty thereof. 

3. transf. Applied to moisture generally, especi- 
ally that which appears in minute drops on any 
surface or exudes from any body. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 17682 (Cott.) Wit a deu mi face he wette, 
1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary 1. (1625) 139 Whom furres must 
fence..and dew of nappie Ale cherish. 1607 TorsELi Four. 
Beasts (1658) 316 Pare his [the horse’s] hinder-feet thin, 
untill the dew comeout, 1610 Markuam Master. u1. c. 382 

both the quarters of the hoofe with a drawing-knife .. 
-so deepe that you may see the dew come foorth. 163 


DEW. 


Wivvowes Nat. Philos. 56 Dew is a humor contained in the 
hollownesse of the members, and joyned to their substance. 
1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk & Selv. 126 That cold and dew and 
clamminess, that goes to the hatching of a snails [egge). 
1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 210 Ballani do not 
feed on the gross parts of the sea-water, but as it were on 
the subtile dew that penetrates through the stone. 1822 
Suetrey 77inmph Life 66 The fountains, whose melodious 
dew Out of their mossy cells for ever burst. 

b. Moisture glistening in the eyes; tears. Hence 
Suneral dew. 

1588 Suaks. LZ. L. L. 1, iii. 29 The night of dew that on 
my cheekes downe flowes. 1612-5 Br. Hatt Contemp, 
O. T. xx. iii, These expostulations might have fetched some 
dewes of pitie from the eyes. 1649 Davenant Love & Honour 
ut, Dram. Wks, 1873 II]. 134 Sure I could weep, but that 
my eyes Have not enough of funeral dew to melt Away. 
1662 CokAINE Ovid tv. vil, Shed no more tears! You have 
.. Spent too much of that precious dew. 1814 Scott Ld. of 
Isles \v. xvi, Those poor eyes that stream’d with dew. 1847 
‘Tennyson Princ. vit. 120 The dew Dwelt in her eyes, and 
softer all her shape And rounder seem’d. 

ce. Perspiration, sweat. 

1674 S. Vincent Vug. Gallant's Acad. 33 Thou feelest 
the fat Dew of thy body... run trickling down thy sides. 
1795 SoutHEY Joan of Arc vu. 211 The dews of death 
Stood on his livid cheek. 1814 Scotr Ld. of /sles v. xxvi, 
Cold on his brow breaks terror’s dew. 1859 ‘TENNYSON 
Enid 568 The dew of their great labour .. flowing, drained 
their force. 

d. With qualifying words, as Bacchus’ dew, the 
Juice of the grape, wine, or other fermented or dis- 
tilled drink ; A/ountatn-dew, a fanciful term for 
whisky illicitly distilled on the mountains ; dew of 
Gleniivat, Glenlivat whisky; + dew of vitriol (ros 
vitriol). 

1559 Airy. Mag., Dk. Clarence iii, Sowst in Bacchus 
dewe. 1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey) Dew of Vitriol, a Name 
given by some Chymists to a kind of Phlegm or Water 
drawn from that Mineral Salt, by Distillation in Balneo 
Marie, or with a gentle Heat. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chent, 
I]. 84 There remains a whitish-grey mass, which formerly 
was called }7triol Calcined to Whiteness. If you distil it 
in a retort, and collect the product, you will have first, a 
water slightly acid, called Dezu of Witriol. 1822 SHELLEY 
Zucca ix, Full as a cup with the vine’s burning dew. 1826 
P. P.in Hone Every-day Bk. 11.610 Whiskey, or mountain 
dew. 1836 E. Howarp &. Reefer xxxv, Then came the 
whiskey—the real dew. 1840 Chamb. Frnl. 1X. 94 The 
discomfited gaugers fled .. leaving the victorious chief in 
undisturbed possession of the much coveted mountain-dew. 
1884 Daily News 23 May 5/7 [They] cannot compete with 
the dew of Glenlivat. - 

4. Applied with qualification to surface deposits 
formed on plants, etc. (as by exudation, insects, 
parasitic vegetation), formerly imagined to be in 
origin akin to dew: see HonEy-pEw, MILDEW. 

1563 W. Fucker Mefeors (1640) 53 b, There is another kind 
of sweet dewes, that falleth in England, called the Meldewes, 
which is as sweet as honey... There is also a bitter kind of 
dew, that falleth upon herbs, and lyeth on them like branne 
or meale. 1660 Jer. TayLor Worthy Commun. Introd. 10 
It will not be impossible to find honey or wholesome dewes 
upon all this variety of plants. 1821 ‘I’. Dwicut 7vaz. LI. 
341 When it first exudes, it is very sweet to the taste; and 
has hence been commonly supposed to be the residuum of 
a particular kind of dew, called by the farmers honey-dew. 

5. attrib, and Comb, (Especially frequent in 
poetical use.) a. attrib., ‘of dew,’ as dew-bead, 
-blob, -damp, -gem, -globe, -mist, -star, -water, 
-web; ‘characterized by’ or ‘ characterizing dew’, 
as dew-locks, -prime, -stlence, -wind. WY. locative 
and originative, as dew-bow, -dance, -light. @. simi- 
lative, ‘like’ or ‘as dew’, as dew-burning, -cold 
adjs. dd. objective and obj. genitive, as dew- 
brusher, -dropping adj. e. instrumental, as dew-be- 
dabbled,-bediamonided, -bespangled, -besprent,-bright, 
-clad, -dabbled, -drenched, -gemmed, -laden, -pearled, 
-sprent, -sprinkled, -wet adjs. f. parasynthetic, as 
dew-lipped adj. 

1832 MoTHERWELL Poet. Wks. (1847) 85 In every “dew- 
bead glistening sheen. 1868 Gro. Exiot SJ. Gipsy 1. (Cent. 
Dict.), The dew-bead, Gem of earth and sky begotten. 
1887 STEVENSON Underwoods, Every fairy wheel and thread 
Of cobweb *dew-bediamonded. a@1748 Puouson Hymn to 
Solitude 26 Just as the *dew-bent rose is born. 1634 Mitton 
Comus 540 The savoury herb Of knot-grass *dew-besprent. 
1727-38 Gay Fables |. 14(Jod.) As forth she went at early 
dawn To taste the *dew-besprinkled lawn. 1873 R. Joun- 
son in Tristram oad 387 A lunar rainbow on the ground, 
or to speak more correctly a lunar *dew-bow. 1727-46 
Tuomson Summer 86 Aslant the *dew-bright earth and 
coloured air. 1854 J. Warter Last of Old Squires v. 51 
He was what the Persians call a *dew-brusher ..Ten to 
one but the labourer met him as he was going to his work. 
1590 SPENSER /’, Q. 1. xi. 35 His bright *deaw-burning blade. 
1847 Mischief of Muses 35 The moisture of the *dew-clad 

rass. 1817 Moore Lalla R., Fire Worshippers (1854) 235 

he who leans. .pale, sunk, aghast, With brow against the 
*dew-cold mast. 1818 Keats £xdymz.1.683 The ee hung 
*Dew-dabbled on their stalks. 1798 CoLeripcE Siby2. Leaves 
Poems (1864) 265 She the *dew-damp wiped From off her 
brow. 1812 G. Cotman Br. Grins, Lady of Wreck u. xxiii, 
*Dew-dript evening. 1592 SuHaxs. Rom. §& Ful. 1. iv. 103 
The *dew-dropping South. 1893 Le GaLurenne in West. 
Gaz. 16 Feb. 2/3 See how yonder goes, *Dew-drunk .. Yon 
Shelley-lark. 1832 Tennyson Lotos-Eaters 75 Sun-steep'd 
at noon, and in the moon Nightly “dew-fed. 1823 Joanna 
Baie Poems 228 *Dew-gemm’d in the morning ray. 1821 
Suettey Prometh, Und, iv. 432 As the dissolving warmth 
of dawn may fold A half unfrozen *dew-globe, green and 
gold, And crystalline. 1603 Drayton Somes liii, (I.) Where 
nightingales in Arden sit and sing Amongst a2 dainty 


DEW. 


Tennyson Ode to Memory 


*dew-impearled flowers. 
s of dawn. 1 Gro. Extor 


ii, The dew-impearled wi 


A. Bede 41 The *dew-laden grass. errick Noble 
Numb., Star Song, Spangled with *deaw-light. 1856 Bryant 
Poems, Ages v, When the *dew-li ing comes on. 


4 Hee ere 47 Fhe ir eyes _ 7 

errick Hesper. I. ‘orinna’s Mayi: e light 
Hangs on the Sdowtock "ot the night. = SHELLEY 
Prometh. Unb, 1. iti, The *dew-mists of my sunless sleep. 
1841 Browninc Pippa Passes 1. (1889) 24 The ide’s *dew- 
geet The lark’s on the wing. 1872 — Fifine xxxiii, 

"hough *dew-prime flee. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 165 
Descend with sweet *dew-sil on my i 1850 
Bracke Aschylus 1. 1 Sy ae dreamless couch. 
1884 Symonps Shaks. Predecessors vii. § 3. 263 Abroad in 
dew-sprent meadows. 1733 SHenstone Past. Ballad w. 33 
The sweets of a*dew-sprinkled rose. 1821 SHELLEY Promet, 
Und. 11. i. 168 As *dew-stars glisten, Then fade away. ¢ 1200 
Trin. Coll. Hom. 151 De teares..ben cleped rein water oder 
*deu water. 1813 Hocc Queen's Wake ii. Wks. (1876) 22 And 
*dew-webs round the helmets weave. : 

6. Special combs.: dew-beam ( foelic), a ray of 
light reflected from a dewdrop; dew-bit (dia/.), 
a small meal or portion of food taken in the early 
morning, before the regular breakfast; dew-board, 
a board used as a cover to keep off the dew; 
dew-cap (see quot.); dew-drink (see quot., 
and cf. dew-dit); +dew-hopper, a name for the 
hare (see DeupiInG); + dew-pear, name of a deli- 
cate kind of pear (ods.) ; +dew-piece Sc.=dew- 
bit; dew-plant, (a) a name for the ice-plant 
(Mesembryanthemum), and for the sundew (D7o- 
sera); (6) a plant nourished with dew (sonce-use) ; 
dew-ripen v. = DEW-RET; dew-shoe, translation 
of ON, déggskor (see quot.) ; dew-stone, ‘a species 
of limestone, found in Nottinghamshire, which 
collects a large quantity of dew on its surface’ (O.). 

1824 SHELLEY Witch xvi, Woven from *dew-beams while 
the moon yet slept. 1863 Barnes Dorset Gloss., * Dew-bit, 


the first meal in the morning, not so substantial asa regular | 


breakfast. Also in Berksh., Hampsh., W. Somerset Gloss. 
1800 R. Warner Walk West. Count. 64 [We] were obliged 
to sleep for several weeks in the shell of the tenement, 
with no other covering (for it was not roofed) than a *dew- 
board. 1879 Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. xvi. 364 A cylinder 
of tin or card, called a *dew-cap, is made to project beyond 
the glass [of the telescope], and thus to act as a screen, 
and prevent radiation. a@1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, 
* Dew-drink, the first allowance of beer to harvest men, 
before they begin their day’s work. 1616 Surri. & Marku. 

«Country Farme 417 Tender or delicate peare .. such as 
*dew peare. 
When I was eating my “due piece this morning. 1 
Ruskin Q. of Air § 81 You are to divide the whole family of 
the herbs of the field into three great groups—Drosida, 
Carices, Gramineew—*dew-plants, sedges,and grasses, 1884 
Miter Plant-n., Dew-plant, Mesembryanthemum glabrum, 
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) I1. 218 What is 
called “dew ripen or ret the produce. 1880 STALLYBRASS tr. 
Grimm's Teut. Mythol. 1. 387 When the godlike Sigurdr 
strode through the .. corn, the *dew-shoe of his seven-span 
sword was even with the upright ears. Note. Diggskér, 
Sw. doppsko, the heel of the sword’s sheath, which usually 
brushes the dew. 

Dew di), v. Forms: 3 dsewwenn, 4-5 
dewen, (4 dewey), 5-7 dewe, (6-7 deaw), 6- 
dew. [ME. dewen, in Ormin dewwenn, implying 
an OE. *déawian (entered by Somner) = OFris. 
dawia (WFris. dauwjen), OS. *daujan (MDu. 
dauwen, LG. dauen), OHG. towén, towén (MHG. 
touwen, Ger. thauen, tauen), ON. doggva (Sw. 
dagga) :—OTeut. *dauwéjan, f. dauw- DEw.] 

+1. intr. To give or produce dew; zmpers. to 
fall as dew (cf. z¢ rains, snows, etc.). Ods. or arch. 

€ 1300 [implied in Dewtne v7. sd.). 1382 Wycutr /sa. xlv. 
8 Deweth 3ee heuenus fro aboue (1388 Sende 3e out dew]. 
c 1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dewyn or yeve dewe, vor0. 1450- 
1530 Myrr. our Ladye 148 Rorate, dew heuens from aboue. 


1 uLoet, Dew or droppe lyke dewe, vore. 1663 in 
Te Birch /ist. R. Society 1, 246 It did not dew upon those 
parts where trees lay buried under ground. 1726 Nat. Hist. 


rel. 93 It deweth exceedingly in the hot and dry countries. 
+ b. To distil or exude as dew. Ods. 

1652 Bentowes Theoph., Epistle, When This Manna dew'd 
from your inspired pen. /did. 1. xxv, Meat came from the 
Eater, from the strong did dew Sweetnesse. 

2. trans. To wet with oras with dew; to bedew ; 
to moisten. 

¢ 1200 Ormtn 13848 To wattrenn & to dewwenn swa burrh 
be33ske & sallte taress patt herrte, a1325 Prose Psalter 
vi. 6 Ich shal dewey my couertour wyth min teres. 1544 
Puaer Kegim. Lyfe (1560) F iij, Take a sponnefull of hote 

dewe them 7 good wyne. 1590 Srenser /, Q. 1, 

xi. 48 Overflowed all the fertile plaine, As it had deawed 
bene with timely raine. 1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. V’/, 11. ii. 340 
Giue me thy hand, That I may dew it with my mournfull 
teares. 1615 Crooxe Body of Man 821 To water or dew 
some partes that stoode need of moysture. 1680 Orway 
Orphan u. iv. 598 Cold sweat Dew'd all my face. 18ar 
W. C. Weis ss. Dew (1866) 7 Grass after having been 
dewed in the evening, is never found dry until after sunrise. 
1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. 1. vi. (1838) 162 The cool- 
— the body dewed. a185x Moir Castle of Time xxi, 

oloch’s monstrous shrines are dew’d with human blood. 
b: Sg. (Cf. ‘ bedew ’, ‘ steep’ in fig. use.) 

¢1gr0 Barctay Mirr. Gd. Manners(1570) A iij, As fruitfull 
nutriment To dewe them in vertue, as plantes to augment, 
1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Vict. xxv, ile deaw'd in 
heavie sleepe, dead Peter lies. a Donne Serm. cv. IV. 
413, But infected and dewed with frivolous, nay per- 
nicious aj itions and revelations, 1810 Scorr Lady of L. 
1. xxxi, Fairy strains of music fall, Every sense in umber 


1685 SincLair Satan's Invis. World (1769) 48 | 


298 


dewing. Busunett Vicar. Sacr. mt. iii. Mercy.. 
dewing it pd with her tender mitigations, ss-3 

+3. Tocause to descend or drop as dew; to distil, 
instil. Ods. 

1572 Forrest Theophilus in Anglia VII. 92 The devill in 
the lets of the buss! did dewe His divillishe stirringis. 
1sox 7roub. Raigne K. Fohn 1. (1611) 89 The heauens dew- 
ing fauours on my head. 1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 1 
O dew thy spirit plentiful into my inke. 

+ 4. intr. To become moist, to exude moisture. 

1658 A. Fox Wurts’ Surg. 1. viii. 34 Wounds that are thus 
compelled to dew, will hardly come to healing. 

Hence Dewed, Dew'ing fl. adjs. 

1552 Hutoet, Dewed or wete wyth dewe, roratus. 
Soutuwet. Peter’s Compl. Dew’'d eyes, and prostrate 
prayers. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. (1670) 101 Which can have 
no existence or being, but in a dewing or distilling cloud. 
1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. u. vi. (1838) 163 ‘The cool- 
ing of the dewed surface by radiation. 

w, obs. or dial. pa. t. of Daw v.1 

Dew, Dewfull, obs. ff. Duz, DurFuL. 

|| Dewan (déwan). Also duan, diwan, dee- 
waun, dewaun, déwin, [Arab. and Pers. .,|yo 


diwan, divan, Pers. formerly dévan, the same word 
as Divan, of which an early sense was ‘ register’. 
Through the application to a register of accounts, 
and the financial department of a state, the word 
has in India been individualized and applied to 
the minister or officer over this department.] 

In India: a. The head financial minister or trea- 
surer of a state under former Mohammedan govern- 
ments. b. The prime minister of a native state. 
ec. The chief native officer of certain Government 
establishments, such as the Mint. d. In Bengal, 
a native servant in charge of the affairs of a house 
of business or a large domestic establishment, a 
steward. (Yule and Burnell.) 

1690 J. Cuarnock, etc. M/S. Lett. to Mr. Ch. Eyre at 
Ballasore (Y.), Fearing miscarriage of y' Originall ffarcuttee 
we have herewt Sent you a Coppy Attested by Hugly 
Cazee, hoping y’ Duan may be Sattisfied therewt*. 1766 
Howwewt Hist. Events 1. 74(Y.) A Gentoo named Allum 
Chund, who had been many years Dewan to Soujah Khan, 
1771 in Gleig Mem. W. Hastings (1841) 1.221 (Y. Divesting 
him of the rank and influence he holds as Naib Duan of the 
Kingdom of Bengal. 1786 BLane in PAil. Trans. LXXVII. 

Making the enquiries I wished .. from his Dewan or 
Minister. 1804 in Owen Wedlles/ey's Desp. 632 The English 
Company .. has forfeited its rights as dewan and treasurer 
of the Empire. 1806 We ttuincton /éid. p. cii, Scindiah's 
minister..was the Peshwah’s dewan. 1818 JAs. Mitt Brit. 
India v. v. (1848) IV. 226 He sent on a commission to 
Calcutta his dewan or treasurer. 1835 Burnes Trav. Bok- 
hara (ed. 2) 1. 235 The Hindoo Dewans of Sinde now 
transact the entire pecuniary concerns of the state. 1862 
Beveriwce Hist, Jndia 1. 1. vi. 142 Subordinate to the 
subahdar..was an officer, with the title of dewan or diwan, 
who had the superintendence of all matters of revenue and 
finance. 1871 Mateer /vavancore 22 Colonel Munro.. 
acted for about three years in the capacity of Dewan, or 
Prime Minister. 

Hence Dewa‘nship = next. 

1789 Seir Mutagherin 11. 384(Y.) (Lord Clive] visited the 
Vezir .. and asked that the Company should be invested 
with the Divanship of the three provinces. 1818 Jas. Mitt 
Brit. India v. iv. (1848) 1V. 149 Procuring for the donor the 
dewanship of the Zamindari. sige 

|| Dewani, dewanny, dewaunee Is, Per 


Also dftanny, dewauny, diwani. [a. Pers. 
diwani, divani, the office or function of diwan : 
see prec.] The office of dewan ; esp. ‘the right 
of receiving as dewdan, or finance minister, the 
revenue of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, conferred 
upon the E, I. ar ce the Great Mogul Shah 
*Alam in 1765. Also used sometimes for the ter- 
ritory which was the subject of that grant’ (Yule 
and Burnell). 

1783 Burke Report Affairs India Wks. XI. 141 The 
acquisition of the Dflanny opened a wide field for ee 
jects of this nature. /bid, 196 Under the jurisdiction of the 

wanny Courts. 1802 R, Patton Asiat. Mon. 178 note, 
The officers of the dewanny, the revenue department. 1862 
Beveripce Hist. /ndia 1, wm. xii. 671 An offer of the de- 
waunee had .. been le to Clive. Grant Hist. 
India 1. xx. 106/2 The Mogul ceded the dewaunee, or 
collection of the revenues in Bengal, Behar, and Orissa. 

Dew'-beater. [f. Dew sd. + Beater.) 

1. One who beats or shakes off the dew in front 
of others in the same fend, an early pioneer, 

ax670 Hacker Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 57 The dew- 
beaters have trod the way for those that come after them. 
1883 Hampshire Gloss. Deaw-bitter, a dew-beater, one 
who has large feet, or who turns his toes out so that he 
brushes the dew off the grass in w 

2. pl. The feet. slang. 

1811 in Lexicon Balatron. 1823 Scorr Peveril xxxvi, 
First hold out your dew-beaters till I take off the darbies. 

3. (See quot.) 

a 1825 Foray Voc. EZ. Anglia, 
thick shoes which resist the dew, a i in Hauuwew. 

Dew-berry (divberi). [f. Dew sd. + Berry. 
Cf. mod.Ger. ¢hau-beere dew-berry, Oberdeutsch 
taub-ber, tauben-ber, i.e. Aove- . The origin 
of the first element is thus doubtful, but it is, in 
English use, associated with Dew oa 

A species of blackberry or bramble-berry, the 
name being applied both to the fruit and the shrub : 


Dew-beaters, coarse and 


— a 


DEW-CUP. 


in Great Britain Rubus cwesius, a low: pro- 
cumbent species, the black fruit of which a 
bluish bloom; in N. America 2. canadensis, re- 
sembling the British plant in its low growth and 

bt, bt dering ing in the fruit. In some 
mod. dialects, the name 


+ Dew-bolne, 2. Ods. exc. dial. Also 6 -bole, 
7-9-blown(e,8 -born. [f. Dew sd. + BoLNE ffi. a. 
The second element became corrupted into ~do/e, 
-born, -blown, and the last survives in dialects, asso- 
ciated with BLown puffed up.] Of cattle: Swollen 
with eating too freely of fresh moist grass or clover. 
Sometimes used subst. as the name of the affection. 

1523 Fitzuers. Hush. § 60 Dewbolne..commeth whan a 
hungry beaste is put in a = pasture full of ranke grasse, 
he wyll eate soo moche that his sydes wyll stande as hygh 
as his backebone. 1587 Mascatt Govt. Cattle ssagh 5s 
The Dew-bole in Oxe, or Cow, or other beast..is gotten 
by eating of the trifoyle grasse in a deawy morning. 1601 

oLtanp Pliny xxvii. i, If kine or oxen were dew-blowne 
or otherwise puffed up. 1614 Marknam Cheap Husb. (1623) 
98 Some of our = writers are opinioned, this Dew 
or generall Gargill is a poysonous and violent swellin; 
17, Bate (folio), Dew-dorn, a distemper in cattle, "84 
Chesh. Gloss., Dewblown, said of cows which are swel 
from eating green clover. 

Dewee, obs. form of Deuce. 

Dew-clap, obs. erron. form of DEwLap. 

Dew-claw (di#klj). [App. f Dew sé. + 
Craw sé. 

(Perhaps referring to the fact that while the other claws 
come in contact with the soil, or press the grass to the 
ground, this only brushes the dewy surface.)} 

1, The rudimentary inner toe or hallux (an- 
swering to the great toe in man) sometimes present 
in dogs. 

In Newfoundland dogs, and St. Bernards, it is sometimes 
abnormally double. 

1576 Turserv. Venerie 23 Some other haue taken marke 
by the hynder legges by the dewclawes. 1580 Hottysanp 
od : Tong, Reviguls, dew clawes. 1 Corcr., Con- 
trongle, the Deaw-claw, or water-claw of dogs. 1690 Lond, 
Gas. No. 2548/4 Lost. little white Spaniel Dog .. with 


D. Barrington in Selborne, The bitch 
each hind cf The dog has none. 
e 


a dew claw on 


newl en snow. 1883 
ek in Encyel. Brit. xv. 438/1 pp In domestic 


dogs a hallux hg see Fs ws ina ved 
men condition, w being suspend: 
loosely yr the skin, without ditect connection with the other 


bones of the foot ; it is called by dog-fanciers the ‘dew-claw.’ 
2. The false hoof of deer and other ungulates, 


1576 Turnerv. Venerie 97 The shinne bones large, the 
dew clawes close in port..An hart to hunt, as any man can 
seake, x6x1 Corar., Les gardes d'un sangli a We 


Puituies, Dew-claw, 
ie Nails behind the Foot of the Deer. 


a. Tournerv. Venerie 8 Those whiche aré well bogey 3 


lewclawed are best to make bloud! 1609 
Butter Kem. Mon. i, (1634) 8 Her rough and dew-claw’d 
feet, apt to take hold at the first touch, are in number six, 
x61 n., Ergoté. fens amp deaw-clawed. 1616 
Surri. & Marku, Country ypomy RY feete, strong 


le igh de 
Da ig hyog iy 
tists. . Purcnas Pol. ns. 1. iii. 7 
Sect ara alx, Gow wed. . full of joynts. ad Kaze Hedin, 
1v. 685 Sorrel untorn by the ‘d stag. 
Dew’ [f. Dew sd. + Cur.] 


1. The early moming allowance of beer to har- 
= Haciiwete Dew-drink, Called the dew-cup 
Vv. 
in Hants. | 2883 in Hampsh, Gloss. 


DEWDROP. 


2. The plant called Lady’s Mantle (Alchemilia 
vulgaris). 

1799 Ess. Hight. Soc. 111. 389 (Jam.) Giving them a de- 
coction of the Dewcup and Healing leaf boiled in butter- 
milk. se Hoce Queen's Wake ii. Wks. (1876) 21 He 
thought. .of sleeping in the dew-cupseye. 1818— Brownie 
of Bodsbeck U1. 183 They [fairies] ll hae to .. gang away 
an’ sleep in their dew-cups. . till the gloaming come on again. 

Dewdrop (di#drgp). [f. Dew sd.+ -Drop, Cf. 
Ger. thau-tropfen, Du. dauw-droppel.| One of 
the rounded ‘drops’ or globules in which dew 
collects on surfaces on which it is deposited. 

[a 1310 in bala oe Lyric P. xii. 114 Ase fele sythe ant oft 
as dewes dropes beth weete.]_ 1590 Suaks. AZids. N. 11. i. 14, 
I must go seeke some dew drops heere, And hang a pearle 
in euery cowslips eare. 1667 Mitton P. L. v. 746 Starrs of 
Morning, Dew-drops, which the Sun Impearls on every leaf, 
and every flouer. 1788 CowPer Stanzas for Year 31 Dew- 
drops may deck the turf that hides the bones. 1810 Scorr 
Lady of L. w. ii, The lawn Begemmed with dew-drops. 
1847 Tennyson Princ, vil. 53 When two dewdrops on the 
petal shake To the same sweet air, 1871 TYNDALL Fragm. 
Sc. (1879) I. xi. 342 The little pearly globe which we call a 
dew-drop. 

transf. & fig. 1781 Cowrer Truth 144 The shivering 
urchin, bending as he goes, With slip-shod heels, and dew- 
drop at his nose. 1807-8 W. Irvine Sadmag. (1824) 161 And 
feel the dew-drop in my eye. 1826 Hoop Wee Man xiv, 
On every brow a dew-drop stood. 1831 CartyLe Sart. Kes. 
u. vi, The heart..unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop. 

Hence Dew-dropped a., covered or bespangled 
with dew-drops. 

1756 W. Totvervy Hist. Two Orphans IV. 201 The dew- 
dropp’drose. 1762 J. Warton Exthusiast Poems 82 Bladed 
grass perfumed with dewdropped flowers. | 18xx W. R. Spen- 
cer Poems 161 How bright it’s dewdropp’d tint appears ! 

Dewe, obs. form of Dux a. and sé. 

Dewe(n, obs. f. DEAVE v., to become deaf. 

Dewes: see DEus. 

+Dewess. rare. [a. OF. *dewesse, dieuesse, 
f. deu, diew god: see -rss. Cf, DEEss.] A goddess. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 3555 All driz3tens and dewessis ere 
dute of my name. 

Dewey, dewy, ME. pres. inf. of Dew v. 

Deweylite (diviloit). Ain. [Named 1826 
after Prof. Dewey, U.S. see -LiTE.] An amorphous 
resinous-looking mineral of yellowish colour, con- 
sisting of a hydrated silicate of magnesium. 

1826 Emmons 47/7. 133. 1868 Dana Jin. 470. 


Dew-fall (dizfol). [f Dew + Faun sé.: cf. 


| a litel dewynge. 


Dan. dugfald.] The formation or deposition of | 


dew ; the time when this begins, in the evening. 
1622 R. Tispate Lawyer Philos. in Farr S. P. Fas. I 
(1848) 316 Shake off the dewfalls of the night. 1798 CoLr- 
RIDGE Sibyl. Leaves Poems (1864) 115 The gentle dewfall, 
1820 SHELLEY Witch Atlas xxix, She past at dewfall to a 
space extended. 1828 Moore Before the Battle i,’Midst 
the dew-fall of a nation’s tears. ¢ 1850 WuitTiER Cal of 
Christian vii, Noiseless as dew-fall. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 
65 The temperature after dewfall. 1892 Daily News 1 Mar. 
5/4 The rainfall is. .supplemented by..excessive dewfalls. 
So Dew’falling. 
‘ ~ Hotme Lee ZB, Godfrey xix. 109 The time of the dew- 
falling. 
Dewegard, -gar, Sc. forms of DizucARD. Obs. 
+ Dew-grass (di#gras). Ods. [f. DEW sd. + 
Grass, suggested by L. G. Himmeldau, med. L. ras 
celt, ‘dew of heaven’, manna.] A name given by 
Gerarde and other early herbalists to an esculent 


grass of Central Europe, the cultivated form of | 


Lanicum sanguinale, Manna-grass. 

1597 GrrArve Herbal 1. xx. 25 The Germanes call it 
Himeldau, that is to say Cadi vos, whereupon it was called 
Gramen Mannz .. Lobel calleth it gramen manne esculen- 
tum, for that in Germany and other parts, as Bohemia, and 
Italy, they use to eat the same as a kind of bread corne, 
and also make potage therewith as we do with oatmeale .. 
In English it may be called manna se or Dew grasse; 
but more fitly vice-grasse. 1610 W. FoukincHam Art of 
Survey 1. vii.14 Panick, Amilcorne, Spelt-corn, Garences, 
pevgase, Jobs teares. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1180 
The Dew grasse is said to discusse the hardnesse of womens 
breasts, the seede is food for small birds, and Pidgeons and 
Hens and for men also. 

{Erroneously taken by Prior, Plant Names, for the 
Cock’s-foot grass, Dactylis glomerata; whence in later 
Dictionaries and lists). 

Dewice, dewis(e, obs. Sc. ff. Devicz, DEVISE. 

Dewid, obs. form of Divine. 

Dewille, obs. form of Drevin. 

Dewily (di-ili), adv. [f. Dewy +-ty2.] After 
the manner of dew. 

1818 Blackw. Mag. 11. 32 The song Dropp’d dewily from 
that sweet tongue. S. Mostyn Perplexity ILL. viii. 212, 
I will make my love fall dewily on your heart. 1887 Bowen 
Virg. Aeneid w. 699 So upon saffron wings came Iris, 
dewily bright. 

Dewiness (dis‘inés). [f. Dewy +-nuss.] The 
quality of being dewy ; fig. freshness, vigour. 

1627 tr. Bacon’s Life §& Death (R.), A dewinesse dis- 

rsed, or. .radicall in the very substance of the body. 1817 

Eats ‘1 Stood Tiptoe’ iv, Ye ardent marigolds! .. again 


your dewiness he kisses. 1863 Tynpati Heat v. § 186 (1870) 
150 [This] caused a dewiness on the external surface. 1868 
Browninc ‘Ring § Bk 1x. 242 Farewell to dewiness and 
prime of life ! 

aye den vbl. sb. [f. Dew v. +-Ine Ly] 

1. Deposition of dew. 


13-. K. Adis. 914 Theo sunne ariseth, and fallith the 


299 


dewyng; Theo nessche clay hit makith clyng. 1398 
Trevisa Barth. de P. R. x1. v. (Tollem. MS.), Perof comep 
Ibid. xvt. \xii. (Tollem. MS.), Pe more 
dewynge is founde, be more and pe gretter pe margarite is 

endrid of pe dewe. 1838 Jerrrey in Ld. Cockburn Lie 

I. Let. cxl, After the dewing of yesterday, everything is 
so fresh and fragrant. ; 

2. A wetting with or as with dew; a gentle 
sprinkling ; moistening, bedewing. 

14.. Hoccreve Compl. Virgin 158 They by taast of swich 
dewynge, Hem oghte clothe ageyn. 1513 DoucLas nets 
vi. ili. 143 With clene watter .. Strinkland a litle dewing .. 
With the branche of ane happy olive thrise. 1565-73 
Coorer Thesaurus, A spergo, a sprinckling or dewing. 1646 
Rutuerrorp Left. 1. xlvil. (1881) 455 A night’s dewing of 
grace and sweetness, 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 65/3 An occa- 
sional dewing over with the syringe. 

Dewing, f7/. a.: see DEW v. 

+Dew'ish, 2. Os. [f. Dew sd. + -1su.] Of 
the nature of or akin to dew ; moist, damp. 

1589 Freminc Georg. Virg. 11. 48 And dewish moone doth 
newrefresh the woods. 1620 MARKHAM Jarew. Hus. (1625) 
117 Amore moist place..which euer is vomiting wet and 
dewish humours. 1656 Ripctey Pract. Physick 141 ‘The 
dew or dewish moisture. 

Dewite, obs. form of Dury. 

+ Dewitt, De-Witt (déwit), v. Obs. [From 
the surname of the two brothers John and 
Cornelius De Witt, Dutch statesmen, opponents of 
William II as Stadtholder of the United Provinces, 
who were murdered bya mobin 1672.]  ¢vans. To 
kill by mob violence; to lynch. 

1689 Modest Enguiry into Present Disasters (1690) 32 
It’s a wonder the English Nation have not in their fury De- 
Witted some of those men. 1 Asp. Sancrort Protes- 
tation, Such a fury, as may end in Dewé?tting us (a bloody 
Word, but too well understood). 1695 (¢7¢/e), Gallienus 
Redivivus ; or, Murther Will Out, &c., being a true account 
of the De-Witting of Glencoe, Gaffney, &c. 1711 Vind. of 
Sacheverell 69 King William deserved to be De-Witted. 


1724 in Lockhart Papers 11. 162 Had Mr. Campbell himself 


been in town, they had certainly De-witted him. 1824 
Soutuey Bk, of Ch. (1841) 544. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
III. 660, 1888 Prumptre Life Ken II. xviii. 1 Men..were 
stirring up the people to that form of ‘lynching” which 
was then known as ‘ De Witting.’ 

Dewlap (dizlxp). Also 6 dew lop, erro. 
dew-clap. [The second element Lap is OF. 
leppa, pendulous piece, skirt, lappet, lobe; the 
first is uncertain: the equivalent Da. dog/xd, Norw. 
doglup, Sw. driglapp, in which the first element is 
not the word for ‘dew’, suggest that the original 
form has been altered under the influence of popu- 
lar etymology. 

The English form may be explained as the ‘lap’ or pendu- 
lous piece which touches the dewy surface; but that is not 
likely to have been the original notion. ] 

1. The fold of loose skin which hangs from the 
throat of cattle. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xvi. xiii. (17S. Bod?. 3738) 
In Siria bep oxen pat haue no dewe lappis nother fresche 
lappes vnder prote [Jalearia sub gutture). c1420 Pallad. 
on Husb. w. 711 The kyen.. Wel hered eres, and dewlappes 
syde [=hanging low]. c1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dew 
lappe, syde skyn’ vndur a bestys throte, Jeleare. 1523 
Firzuers. Huséd. § 59 To cutte the dewlappe before. 1565 
Gotpinc Ovid’s Met. vu. 155 Vheir dangling dew-claps 
with his hand he coid unfearefullie. 1579 SPENSER Shefi. 
Cal. Feb. 74 His deuelap as lythe as lasse of Kent. 1589 
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 74 White ..as the dangling 
deawlap of the silver Bull. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovia’s Met. 
11. (1626) 43 His broad-spred brest, long dangling dew-laps 
deck. 1872 Mivart Elem, Anat. 237 Folds of skin hang 
freely in some animals, as the dewlap of cattle. : 

b. Transferred to similar parts in other animals, 
as the loose skin under the throat of dogs, etc., the 
pendulous fleshy lobe or wattle of the turkey and 
other fowls, and humorously to pendulous folds of 
flesh about the human throat. 

1590 Suaks. Mids. N. u. i. 50 When she drinkes, against 
her lips I bob, And on her wither'd dewlop poure the Ale. 
1654 Gayton Pleasant Notes u. iii. 42 The dulapes and 
the jawy part of the face. 1668 Witkins Keal Char, 161 
Described to have a dew-lap under the throat..Senembi, 
Iguana. 1690 W. Wacker /diomat. Anglo-Lat. 222 Dew- 
laps hang down from his chaps. 1774 Gotvs. Nat. Hist. 
(1862) I. 1. iii. 267 The skin hangs loose. .in akind of dewlap. 
1859 J. Brown Rad. § F. (1862) 9 He [mastiff] .. has the 
Shaksperian dewlaps shaking as he goes. 1863 WuyTE 
MEtvittE Gladiators I. 3 Gelert is down, torn and mangled 
from flank to dewlap. : ‘ 

2. <A brand used in marking cattle, being a cut 
in the lower part of the neck’ (Farmer, American- 
isms, 1889). 

Hence Dew'lapped, having a dew-lap. 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. w. 679 [699] Compact, a runcle 
necke, dewlapped syde Unto the kne. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. NV. 
Iv. i. 127 My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kinde .. 
Crooke-kneed, and dew-lapt, like Thessalian Buls, @ 1732 
Gay (J.), The dewlapt bull now chafes along the plain. 1806 
Soutney Le/t. (1856) I. 355 He is a fat, dew-lapped, velvet- 
voiced man. 1887 Ruskin Hortus Inclusus 11 Dew-lapped 
cattle. .feeding on the hillside above. 3 f 

Dewle, obs. f. due, DoLx, Doon, grief, mourning. 

Dewless (di#lés), a. [f. Dew+-1uss.] De- 
void of or without dew. 

@ 1618 Sytvester Maiden’s Blush 1322 Both solstices like 
deawless and adust, 1199 Campset. Pleas, Hope 1, When 
the sea-wind wafts the dewless ie 1832 TENNYSON 
Miller's Dau. 246 On the chalk-hill the bearded grass Is 
dry and dewless. 1865 E. Burrirr Walk to Lana’s End 


DEWY. 


36 What a dewless Sahara would be the walk of life 
without the companionship of children ! 

Dew-point (dizpoint). That point of at- 
mospheric temperature at which dew begins to 
be deposited. 

1833 N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) Il. 47 The degree of heat 
at which the dew begins to appear is called the dew-foint, 
being an important particular in the meteorological report 
of the day. 1843 Prec. Amer. Phil. Soc. 11. 249 Professor 
Baebe described a dew-point hygrometer. 1854 Hooker 
Himal. Jruis. 1. i. 14 This indicated a dew-point of 114°. 
1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 52 When the temperature is suffi- 
ciently lowered, the dew-point is reached. 

Dew-rake (divrék).  [f. Dew sd. + RAKE s6.] 
A rake for the surface of grass or stubble. 

1659 Gaupen 7Jears of Ch. 381 Like dew-rakes and 
harrowes, armed with so many teeth, 1806-7 A. YounG 
Agric, Essex (1813) 1. 108, 4 dew rakes, 20s. each. 1886 
Daily News 24 Sept. 7/2 Where stubble is much infested it 
should be brushed off with poles .. and collected as closely 
as possible for burning by means of ‘ dew rakes’. 

Hence Dew'rake v. 

1797 A. Younc Agric. Suffolk 55 The stubbles are dew- 
raked, by men drawing a long iron-toothed rake. 

Dewrance, obs. form of DURANCE. 

Dewre, var. of DuRE v. Ods. 

Dew-ret (div ret), v. Also -rot, -rate.  [f. 
Dew sd.+ Ret v.] trans. To ret or macerate (flax, 
hemp, etc.) so as to detach the fibre from the woody 
stem, by exposure to the dew and atmospheric in- 
fluence instead of by steeping in water. Hence 
Dew'-retting vé/. sd. 

1710 HitMAN Tusser Redivivus, There is a Water-retting 
and a Dew-retting, which last is done ona good Rawing, or 
aftermath of a Meadow Water. 1807 VANcoUVER Agric. 
Devon (1813) 208 The flax is always dew-rotted. a 1825 
Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Dew-retting, which is spreading 
the crop on the grass, and turning it now and then to 
receive the dew. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 
I. 274 In Dorsetshire and the neighbourhood the flax 
growers have generally adopted the practice of dew retting. 
1849 Frul. KR. Agric. Soc. X. 1. 180 It takes perhaps six 
weeks todew-ret hemp. 1877 .V./1’, Linc. Gloss., Dew-rated, 
said of flax, which is retted on the ground, not by steeping 
in water. 

Dewry, obs. form of Dowry. 

Dews, -e, obs. form of DEUCE. 

Dewsant, var. DevsAN Ods., a kind of apple. 

Dew-snail (diz‘snzl). Ods. exc. dial. [f. Dew 
sb. + SNAIL] Aslug. (So called from appearing 
while the dew is on the herbage.) 

-1848 Tuomas /tal. Gram., Lumaca, the dewe snayle that 
hath no house. 1611 Corcr., Limace, (properly) the dew 
Snaile, or Snaile without ashell. 1699 Ronrrts Voy. Levant 
15 All the sustenance we had there was three Dew snails, 
and some Roots. 1725 Brapiey Ham. Dict. s.v. Diseases 
of Trees, Vhose Animals call'd Earwigs and Dew-snails, eat 
the finest Fruits on the Trees. 1783 Ainswortu Lat, Dict, 
(Morell) 1, Lémax, A snail, a dew-snail, or slug. 1880 
W. Cornwall Gloss. s. v., As slippery as a dew-snail. 1888 
Etwortny W, Somerset Word-bk., Dew-snail, the large 
black slug. 

+Dewtry. Ods. Forms: 6-7 deutroa, 7 
deutro, doutro, doutry, dutry, dutra, deutery, 
7-8 dewtry. [From Western Indian vernacular 
forms of Skr. dhatidéra, DATURA: e.g. Marathi 
dhutra, dhotra, dialectally dhutvo.] The Thorn- 
apple, Datura Stramonium, and other Indian 
species of the genus; a drug or drink prepared 
from this, employed to produce stupefaction. 

1598 W. Puttuirs tr. Linschoten 60 (Y.) An hearbe called 
Deutroa, which beareth a seede, whereof bruising out the 
sap, they .. give it to their husbands, eyther in meate or 
drinke, and presently therewith the Man is as though hee 
were halfe out of his wits. 1662 J. Davies tr. M/andelslo’s 
Trav. 104 A drug which..stupefies his senses... The Indians 
call this herb Doutro, Doutry, or Datura. 1678 Butler 
Hud. 1. i. 321 Make lechers and their punks, with dewtry, 
Commit phantastical advowtry. 1691 SHADWELL Scow7ers 
v, Some rogue that had a mind to marry me gave me deutery 
last night. 1696 Ovincton Voy, Swratt 235 (Y;) Mixing 
Dutra and Water together to drink..which will intoxicate 
almost to Madness. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. India § P. 33 
They give her Dutry; when half mad she throws herself 
into the Fire, and they ready with great Logs keep ker in 
his Funeral Pile. a171x Ken //ymnothco Poet. Wks. 1721 
III. 192 As Indian Dames, their Consorts to abuse, Dewtry 
by Stealth into their Cups infuse. 

Dew-worm (di#wiim). [f Dew sb. + 
Worm. OE. deaw-wyrm, Du. dauwworm, are 
known only in the sense ‘ring-worm’; E.Fris, 
dauwurm is ‘ earth-worm’ and ‘ring-worm’; Da. 
dugorm a dew-snail’.] ‘The common earth-worm ; 
in OE. a name of the disease ring-worm. ; 

cx1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 122 Wid..deaw wyrmum genim 
doccan odde clatan. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. vil. 206 
Cling’d so close, like deaw-worms in the morne, 1653 
Watron Angler 92 The Dew-worm which some call the 
Lob-worm. 1675 Teonce Diary (1825) 83 Earth.. like that 
which dew-wormes throe up. 1829 Sporting Mag. XXIIL. 
222 The small dew-worm is an excellent bait. 1875 M. G. 
Pearse Daniel Quorm 27 Like to a dew-worm that hears 
youa comin’ an’ starts back into his hole in a minute. 1875 

SronEHENGE’ Brit. Sports. 1. v. § 3. 312 The dew-worm, or 
large garden-worm..six to twelve inches in length. 

Bewy (divi), a. [OE. déawzg, f. déaw Dew: 
see -y, Not recorded in ME. ; prob. formed anew 
in Mod. (Ch. MHG. ouwec, Ger. thauig, 


Eng. 
Sw, dag eens 


DEWY. 


1. Characterized by the presence of dew, abound- 
ing with am ; covered or wet with dew. 

@ 1000 Cardmon's Exod. 344 (Gr.) Gupcyste onprang deawi: 
sceaftum, ay, Lo. Berners ages M. Aurel. (1546) 
Sijb, After the night cometh the dewy mornyng. 1579 
Srenser po Cal. May 316 The deawie night now dot 
nye. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 743 From Noon to dewy Eve. 
1699 Pomrrer Past, Ess. Death Q. Mary 4 He Cos- 
melia -——e on the dewy _ . 1762 FAtconer Shipwr. 
1. Decking with countless gems the dewy lawn, 1834 
Hr. Martineau Demerara iv. 48 However dewy the evening, 
she must stand in the grass. 1893 Westm. Gaz 15 July 2/1 
Water-hens were hurriedly — dewy slugs. 

b. Affected by the influence of dew. 

1725 Pore Odyss. xvu. 688 The sun obliquely sho. nis 
dewy ray. 1792 S. Rocers Pleas. Mem. 1. 215 Twilights 
dewy tints deceived his eye. 1795 Soutnuy Joan of Arc 
vu. 133 O’er the landscape spread The dewy light. 1833 
Hr. Martineau Cinnamon & P. iii. 42 The dewy radiance 
ofa morning in paradise. _ . 

2. transf. Wet or moistened, as with dew. In 
Bot. Appearing as if covered with dew. 

1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 44b, Newe 
grounde for Meddowe. .take such as is ritche, dewye, levell, 
or a little hanging. 1590 Spenser /. Q. un. ii. 34 And her 
faire deawy eles with kisses deare Shee ofte did bathe. 
1853 Lyncu Sel/-/mprov. ii. 40 His eye..will be clear and 
calm, and sometimes dewy. 1856 Miss Yonce Daisy Chain 
1. xxiv. (1879) 250 Pulling of} t had 
become very dewy. 

3. Of the nature or quality of dew,dew-like, moist. 

c100o Sar. Leechd. 11. 258 Para breosta bib deawiz 
watung swa swa sie zespat. 1563 W. Futke Meteors 
ee) 36b, Already resolved into dewy drops of rayne. 1594 

HAKS. Nich. [/1, v. iii. 283, I would these dewy teares 
were from the ground. 1598 FLorio, Nebdiarel/a, a deawie 
exhalation, thinner then a cloud. 1635 Swan Sec. AM. vi. 
§ 2 (1643) 197 Sea-water, when it is boyled, doth evaporate 
a dewie or waterie humour. 1650 W. BroucH Sacr. Princ. 
(1659) 124 What is my deawy sweat to Thy bloody agony. 
1794 Mrs. Rapcuirre Myst. Udolpho iv, The vales below 
were still wrapped in dewy mist. 

4. Of dew, made or consisting of dew. Poetic. 

1820 Keats /sabella xxiv, Ere the hot sun count His 
dewy rosary on the eglantine. 1821 SHettey Music 15 When 
the hot noon has drained its dewy cup. 1827 Hoop J/ids. 
Fairies \xxix, The buds were hung with dewy beads. 

5. fig. Likened in some quality to dew, dew- 
like; falling gently, vanishing, as the dew. foettc. 

1611 W, Sciater Key (1629) 188 Those é¢inepo, diary 
dewy Christians, whose goodnesse is dissipate as soone as 
euer the Sunne beholds it. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 1044 Till 
dewie sleep ( spores d them. a 1670 Hacker Af, Williams 
1. (1692) 144 Some of their Ministers that were softened with 
the dewy drops of his tongue. 1791 Cowrer /liad 11. 41 
Awaking from thy dewy slumbers. 1830 TENNyson Ode to 
Memory i, Swengthen me, enlighten me !.. Thou dewy dawn 
of memory. 

6. Comb. (poetic). 
-dark, -fresh, -warm, etc. 
dewy-eyed, -feathered, -pinioned, -swarded, etc. 
OE. had déawiz-federe = dewy-pinioned. 

a1o00 Caedmon's Gen. 1984 (Gr.) Sang se wanna fugel, 
deawiz-federa. — E.vod. 163. 1632 MiLton Penseroso 146 
Entice the dewy-feathered sleep. 1730-46 THomson Autumn 
ee The dewy-skirted clouds Palibe the sun. 1777 Exiz. 

yves Poems 36 Dewy-pinioned twilight’s shadowy reign. 
1796 I. Townsenp Poems 69 Some dewy-feather’d herald 
send. 1820 Keats /sadella xxxviiyJts eyes..all dewy bright 
with love. 1832 Tennyson (none 47 Aloft the mountain 
lawn was dewy-dark, And dewy-dark aloft the mountain 
pine. 1833 — Poems 40 Upon the dewy-swarded slope. 
1842 — Gardener's Dau. 45 ‘The fields between Are dewy- 
fresh. 1847 — Princ. 1.93 Green gleam of dewy-tassell'd 
trees. 1864 — En. Ard. 611 November dawns and dewy- 
glooming downs. — ™ 

Dewy, ME. inf. of Dew vz. 

Dewyce, -ys, -yss(e, obs. ff. Devicr, DEVISE. 

Dewzin, var. Devusan Ods., a kind of apple. 

Dexe, dext, obs. forms of Desk. 

Dexiocardia (de:ksijoka‘1dia). Path. [a. Gr. 
defid-s on the ss i side + «apdia heart.} An 
anomaly of development in man in which the 
heart is on the right side; sometimes applied to 
cases in which the heart is displaced to the right 
side in consequence of disease. 

1866 T. B. Peacock Malformations of Heart 1 Tri 
sition, Dexiocardia..when the heart is placed in a position 
on the right side eee that which it should 
occupy on the left, 1875 Haypen Dis. Heart 105 Hope has 
also noted, in a case of dexi dia, the exi of systol 
murmur, which ceased on the return of the heart to its 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. 


normal position. 
Dexiotrope 


the spectacles t' 


a. adverbial, as dewy-bright, 


(derksijotrdup), a. [f. Gr. defud-s 
on or to the right +-rpomos turning.] =next. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dexiotrope,a term signifying turn- 
ing or turned to the right, as the spire of some shells. 


pic (de:ksi,otrg*pik), a. [f. as prec. 
+-10: ef, Gr. rpomucés having a turning, inclined.] 
Turning or turned to the right: said _— of those 
‘reversed’ Gastropod Molluscs in which the spire 
turns to the right ; opposed to /eiotropic. 

The terms /eiotropic and dexiotropic as used by Ra 
Lankester refer to the left and right sides of ‘he animai, 
not of the spectator as is the case with dextral and sinis- 
tral. Hence dexiotropic is the opposite of dextral: 

bg ne Lankester in Encycl. Brit, XVI. 661 (Mollusca) 
In rbis, which i sasiotsiple (as are a few other 

or 


P P ). 
instead leiotropic, the osphradium is side 
ra anon of uni ia — This 


«the w lateral organs bein; 
is. .what is found to be the case in all ‘ reversed’ 


b. parasynthetic, as 


800 
+ Dexter, s/. Olds. rare. [app.:—OE. *dea- 


estre, estre, degstre, {. deagian to Dyx: cf. 
YESTER.] A dyer. 

14.. Pueritia vel Infancia Christi in Horstmann 
Altengl. . (1878) 119/2 A dyer yn hys he stode. . Pe 
dexter on Jhesu dede calle: Knowst pou owte of mystere? 
Jbid. 613 Pe dexter toke vp a fyre-brond. 


Dexter (<e'ksta), a. (sb. and adv.) [a. L. dexter 
on the right hand or right side, right, a compara- 
tive form from root dex- cognate with Gr. defids, 
and Goth, ¢athswa, Skr. daksha, daksh-ina, from 
a primitive form *dekswo-.] 

A. adj. 1. Belonging to or situated on the right 
side of a person, animal, or object worn on the 
body; right; esp. in Her. the opposite of SINISTER. 

The dexter side of a person, animal, shield, etc., is to the 
fe of the spectator facing it, which is important in 

eraldry : see quot. .882. 

1562 Leich Armorie (1597) 64 b, Seing you call this a 
Bende Sinister, wherfore did you not ee the other dexter 
bend? Because it is knowne to all .. if it bee named a bend 
and no more to be a bende dexter. 1572 BosseweL. 
Armorie i. 2 b, At the Dexter angle of the shielde. 1600 
Dymmox /reland (1843) 3 There was loste in the retreyte 
of the dexter winge of the forlorne hope, capten Boswell. 
1 Lond. Gaz. No. 4110/4 A Dexter Hand holding a 

ranch of Acorns. 1762 FaLconer Shifwr. 1. 766 The im- 
perial trident graced her dexter hand. or Brownixc Poets 
Croisic cxv, [He] pressed to heart His dexter hand. 1882 
Cussans Handbk. Her. 45 The right-hand side .. [of the 
shield] would be towards the left of a spectator; and ina 
representation of a coat of arms, that part of the shield 
which appears on the /e/t side is called the Dexter, and that 
on the right, the Sinister. 

Jig. 1581 Maxseck Bk, of Notes 270 Aristotle in Politices, 
admonisheth that men which haue learned to do sinister 
things, ought not be compelled to doe thinges dextere. 

+b. Situated on the side which is to the right 
of the spectator. Ods. 

1674 JEAKE Arith, (1696) 210 The dexter Figure of the 
Quotient shall be Primes. 

+c. Of omens: Seen or heard on the right side ; 
hence, auspicious, favourable, propitious. Ods. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud Ep. ww. v. 191 Sinister and 
dexter respects, 1676 Hosses //iad (1677) 203 This said, 
an eagle dexter presently Flew over them. 1715-20 Pore 
Iliad xu. 1039 On sounding wings a dexter eagle flew. 

d. Belonging to the right hand ; right ; straight- 
forward, fair. rare. 

21734 Nortu Exam. uu. vii. § 53 (1740) 542 The managers 
of these Petitions used all Manner of Arts, dexter and 
sinister, to gain People’s Hands or Marks. 

= Dexrrrous. Obs. 


1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 320 A man of great learning | 


and experience, most fortunate and dexter in this operation. 
1622 F. Marxuam Bk. War 11. i. § 6. 43 He is. more swift, 
more dexter, and more seruiceable. 1659 TorRiANo, /iero, 
nimble, lively, dexter either of body or mind. 
B. sé. The right (hand or side). 
1814 Cary Dante, Paradise xv. 18 The horn That on the 
dexter of the cross extends. : ; 
C. adv. On the right side, to the right. 
1715-20 Pore Odyss. xv. 184 The bird majestic flew Full 
dexter to the car. /ééd. 573 Yon bird that dexter cuts the 


aérial road, Rose ominous. 


D. Comb. Dexterways, -wise, on the right 
side, to the right. 

1610 Guittim Heraldry ww. xiv. (1611) 224 Foure speares 
in bend garnished with Penoncels dexterwaies. 

+Dexte'rical, az. [irreg. f. L. dexter (see 
prec.) + -IC + -AL.] Dexterous, adroit, skilful. 

1607 WaALKINGTON Oft. Glass (N.), Those have most dex- 
terical wits. /did. 27 It is called .. the right hand of the 
minde, because it makes any conceit dexterical. 1644 But- 
wer Chiron. 10 A smirke, quick and dextericall wit. 

+ Dexte‘rious, a. Ods. A 17th c. variant of 
DEXTEKOUS. 

x Symmer Sfir. Posie 1. iv. 15 His dexterious_his- 
trionicall acting of his part. 1644 Butwer Chirol. 1 Which 
if it once grow dexterious 7 habituall theeving. /éfd. 179 
To scrape and get by such dexterious endeavours. 
Cloria & Narcissus 1, 248 By his dexterious valour. 

+ Dexteriously, adv. Obs. [see prec.] A 17th 
c. variant of DEXTEROUSLY, 

160r Suaxs. Trvel. N. 1. v.66 Ol. Can you do it? Cla, 
Dexteriously, good Madona. 1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. u. 
xxii. § 15 [The Sophist) he calleth Left-handed, because 
with all his rules..he cannot form a man so Dexteriously.. 
- a = do. fag SE plprae indent . 1 be 28 

‘0 is well, and dexteriously. . HAWKINS 
Youths Belo 102 Dexterious! . 

Dexterity (dekstecriti). [ad. L. dexteritas, 
f. dexter: see above and -iry. Cf. F. dexterité 
(1539 in Hatz.-Darm.), the immediate source.] 

1, Manual or manipulative skill, adroitness, neat- 
handedness ; hence, address in the use of the limbs 
and in bodily movements =<. r 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Pref. (R.), A prince .. of 
inuincible fortitude, of notable actiuitee, of dexteritee woon- 


ly, quickly. 


derfull. 1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India They have 
great dexteritie and skill 1 swimming. 1 ARRARD Art 
Warre 2 Able to handle his Peece with due dexteritie. 


1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 107 A Chirurgian when he 


eth incision .. had need to use great dexteritie. 1703 
Moxon Mech, Exerc. 214 Some Turners to shew their Dex- 


terity in Turni: -» Tum long and slender Sprign of 3 , 
as small y-stalk. Guson Decl, & F. i. (1838) 
I. 12 Mo capeve vin thom tee pete of strength or 


dexterity. Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 382 His dexterity 
ot pec aah edad tan tienen sana men. 


DEXTEROUS. 


2. Mental adroitness or skill ; ‘readiness of ex- 
pedient, quickness of contrivance, skill of manage- 
ment ’ (J.); cleverness, address, ready tact. Some- 
times in a bad sense: cleverness in taking an 
advantage, sharpness. ; 

1527 Chron. Calais (Camden 1846) 114 (Stanf.) Expedyente 
that she by her greate wisdom dexteryte do cause the 
kyng her sonne to write to such card as be at lyberte. 
¢ 1529 Wotsey in Ellis bist Lett, Ser. 1. 11. 8 Aftyr 
accustomable jom dexteryte. 1549 C Moot. 
ee es Serene , Numa ius. .for 

is prudens ande dixtirite. 1§98 Suaks. Merry W.1v v.120 
My admirable dexteritie of wit. 1647 CLarenvon Hist. Red. 
yu. (1703) IL, 467 The dexterity that is uni y, i 
in those ti Bramuact Reflic. iv. 177 Persons of 

maturity of judgement, of known dexterity in the 

non Laws. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. 111.99 Al manner 

of Calliditie or dexteritie to cheat and deceive. 1732 Ber- 

KELEY Alcifhr, v. § 15, 1 admire his address and Satecty 

in argument. 1 Syp. Smitu Plymiley's Lett. Wks. 
zBs9) II. 161/1 It is not.. that the dexterity of 

nglishmen will ever equal the dexterity of French knaves. 

1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 6. 404 Elizabeth trusted to 
her dexterity to keep out of the storm, 4 

+b. wath pl. A dexterous or clever act ; in bad 

sense, a piece of ‘ sharp practice’. Ods. Z 

1577-87 oLinsHED Chron. I11. 1104/2 Being acquainted 
with the citizens, knowing the corruptions and dexterities of 
them in such cases, 1621 G. Hetuier in Lismore Papers 
CE et ae Come Ade ies I brass yne t <a 
BY . Botton Com/. Affi. Conse. iv. 1 n i 
law, besides other dexterities. 1805 Foster Ess. ~ 92 
All these accommodating dexterities of reason. 

+3. Handiness, conveniency, suitableness. Ods. 

1611 Corvat Crudities Oration 5 He. . lieth .. for the 
commodity of his studies, and the —— of his life. 1614 
T. Avams Devils Banguet 18 A full bell: 
dexteritie for the Deuils imployment, as a full ¥ 

4. dit. Right-handedness ; the using of the right 
hand in preference to the left. rare and Jate. 

a 1882 Lancet \O.), Dexterity appears to be confined to the 
human race, for the monkey tribes use the right and left 
limbs indiscriminately. Science V. June 460 In the 
drawings of the cave-men of France. .the proportion of left- 
hand drawings is greatly in excess of what would now be 
found; but there is still a distinct pre of the 
right hand, which, however originated, has sufficed to deter- 
mine the universal dexterity of the whole historic period. 
1891 D. Witson Right —s To determine the prefer- 
ence for one hand over the r, and so to originate the 
prevalent law of dexterity. ‘ 

exterous, dextrous (de'kstéras, de“kstras), 
a. Also 7 Dexrertous. [f. L. dexter, dextr- right, 
handy, dexterous, dextra the right hand + -ovs. 
If an analogous word had been formed in L., it 
would have beer dextrésus; hence dextrous (cf. 
sintstrous) is the more lar form ; but dexterous 
appears to prevail in 19th c. prose.] 

+1. Situated on the right side or right-hand ; 


1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xv. § 2 The Art..is 
that 1s, not dexterous to be applyed to the serious vse 
businesse occasions. 

38. Deft or nimble of hand, ntat-handed ; hence 
skilful in the use of the limbs and in bodily move- 
ments generally. aa Sint i 

Cow ey Davideis tv. swift, so strong, so dex- 
eae beside. 1650 Fuius Piagoh 1. 423 Though skil- 
full in the Math II. .so di in the | part. 
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 570 The dext’rous Huntsman 
wounds not these afar. 76 Ganace Deel. 4 F. 1. xviii. 483 
He was a dextrous archer. 1801 Sourney 77 Mi. xviii, 
With dexterous fingers. 1828 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia I... 
i. 13 The flagellants in India are said to be so as 
to kill a man with a few strokes of the chawbuck. 

4, Having mental adroitness or skill; skilful or 


—_ in contrivance or t ; clever. 
Manze tr. Aleman’s Guzman PAY, uu. * * iva, As 
dextrous in Letters as disciplin'd in Armes. Futter 
Holy § Prof. St. w. ix. 281 Generally the most dex- 
terous in spirituall matters are left-handed in temporall 
1672 Marvett. Reh. Transp. 1. 194 A dex- 
terous Scholastical Di t. @xzzo Suerrietp (Dk. 
Buckhm.) Wés. (1753) Il. 25 To which, that dextrous 
Minister ied somethi haughtily. Le de om 
8s 


Greece IV. A dexterous politician . 
a Sours Doctor clxxiv. (1862) 457 She was devout 
i ion, d .d in_ business. 


Eusebius * 
to subscribe 


(1823) : 332 Ward .. was a very dexterous man if not too 
ere ; ul, clever. 


for us. . Ina fine dextrous 
hee ‘Surrn Ws. (1859) 1. 115/2 An 


uninterrupted series of dexterous uct. 
6. Using the right hand in preference to the left ; 
ghhbanded. In mod. Dicts. = 


a a a 


DEXTEROUSLY. 


Dexterously, de‘xtrously, adv. [f. prec. 
+-LY%, (Seealso Dexrertousty.)] 1. Ina dex- 
terous manner, with dexterity; adroitly, cleverly. 
a. With manual dexterity. : 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.1v.v.191 Many women, and 
some men, who though they accustome sacpetvos untoeither 
hand, do dexterously make use of neither. 1659 B. Harris 
Parival’s Iron Age 139 And so neately, and dexterously 
retorted the ball. 1685 bons Effects of Mot. ix. 109 A glass 
being dextrously inverted and shaken. 1766 Gotpso. Vic. W. 
xxvii, Observing the manner in which I had disposed my 
books..he very dextrously displaced one of them. 1856 
Kane Arct. Expl. 11. xv. 163 So dexterously has this 
thrust to be made. 

b. With mental dexterity. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. -viii. § 2 The good parts he 
hath he will..use..dexterously. 1648 Boye Seraph. Love 
vi. (1700) 42 The Condition of Lovers .. so dexterously and 
delightfully described. 1699 BentLey Pha. 287 He explains 
very dextrously..the expression of Phalaris. 1798 FERRIAR 
Illust. Sterne, Eng. Hist. 248 The small chasms of private 
history are so dextrously supplied. 1849 Macautay //ist. 
Eng. 11. 24 Dexterously accommodating his speech to the 
temper of his audience. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith 
Introd, §-6. 23 Scepticism dextrously fights one department 
against the other. 

2. With the right hand. rare. 

1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 888 We often stand .. dex- 
terously, and sinistrously fingering the string. 

[f. as 


De‘xterousness, de’xtrousness. 
prec, +-NESS.] The quality of being dexterous or 
adroit in mind or body; dexterity. 

1622 Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman d'Alfar. u. **va, 
The modesty and dextrousnes of his style. 1674 tr. 
Scheffer's Lapland xxvi. 124 Olaus Magnus..wonderfully 
extols their dextrousness herein. 1677 W. Hussarp Nar- 
vative 66 The subtlety and dexterousness of these Natives. 
1866 Mrs. Wuitney L. Goldthwaite ix. (1873) 153 With dex- 
trousness and pains and sacrifice. 

Dextrad (de‘kstréd), adv. anda. [f. L. dextra 
right hand + -ad suffix proposed by Barclay in sense 
toward.| ‘To or toward the right side of the body ; 
dextrally. 

1803 J. Barcray New Anatomical Nomencl. 165-6 The 
new terms by a gee a of termination, may be used adver- 
bially.. Dextrad will signify towards the dextral aspect. 
1882 Witper & Gace Anatom. Technol. 27 Barclay pro- 

osed that the various adjective forms should be converted 
into adverbs by substituting for the ending -ad the letters 
-ad, the Latin equivalent of the English -ward. ‘Thus 
dorsal, ventral, dextral, sinistral, and lateral become 
dorsad, ventrad, dextrad, sinistrad, and laterad. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Dextrad aspect. 

[f. L. dextra right 


Dextral (dekstral), a. 
hand + -au. Late L.has dextralis, dextrale as sbs.] 

1. Situated on the right side of the body; right, 
as opposed to deft. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. v. 188 Which should 
hinder the Liver from enabling the dextrall parts. 1794 
Maruias Purs, Lit. iv. 452/Throw wide that portal ; let no 
Roman wait, But march with Priestly through the dextral 
gate. pe 

+b. Of omens: Auspicious, favourable. Ods. 

1774 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 203 No eastern meteor glar’d 
beneath the sky, No dextral omen, 

2. Conchol. Of a gastropod shell: Having the 
spire or whorl ascending from left to right (i.e. of 
the external spectator), which is the prevalent form. 

1847 Craic, s. v., A dextral shell in mostly all univalves, 
has its turns or convolutions fromleft to right when place: 
in a perpendicular position. 185x RicHarpson Geol. viii. 241 
In the first instance the shell is termed dextra/; in the latter 
it is called sinistral or reversed. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca 
(1856) 46 Left-handed, or reversed, varieties of spiral shells 
have been met with in some of the very common species, 
like the whelk and garden snail. Bzudimus citrinus is as 
often sinistral as dextral. 1866 Tate Brit. Mollusks iii. 45 
When the aperture of the shell is on the right-hand side 
it is said to be dextral. : 

Dextrality (dekstre'liti). [f prec. + -rry.] 

1. The condition of having the right side differ- 
ing from the left. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. v. 187 If there were a 
determinate prepotency in the right .. wee might expect the 
same in other animals, whose parts are also differenced by 
dextrality. /did. 191 This doth but peti{tiJonarily inferre 
a dextrality in the heavens. i 

2. The use by preference of the right hand, and the 
limbs of the right side generally ; right-handedness. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1v. v. 187 Did not institu- 
tion, but Nature determine dextrality, there would be many 
more Scevolaes then are delivered in story. 1881 Le Conte 
Monoc. Vision of There is no doubt that dextrality affects 
the whole side of the body. 

+ De e,v. Obs. rare. [f. DEXTRAL a. 
+-1zE.] trans. Tomakea‘ right’ hand or ‘ right” 
side of ; hence to use in preference to the other. 

165r Biccs New Disp. P 196 Dextralize and preferre it 
before their laxatives. ; 

Dextrally (de‘kstrili), adv. [f. Dexrrat a. 
+ -LY*.] In a dextral way or direction; to the 
right, as opposed to the left. 

188 Le Conte Monoc. Vision 19 To rotate it on its axis 
outward, i.e. dextrally—or like the hands of a watch. 1883 
Fourn. Bot. Brit. §& For. 237 The spathes. .are rolled up in- 

ifferently either way—either dextrally or sinistrally—in 


about equal numbers. 
e (de‘kstrzin). Chem. [f. L. dextra 
right hand + -aNz.] An amorphous dextro-rota- 


tory gummy substance C, H,, O,, found in unripe 


301 


beet-root, and formed in the lactic fermentation of 
sugar. 

Dextrer(e,dextrier: see DesTRER, a war-horse. 

Dextrin (de‘kstrin). Chem. Also (/ess cor- 
rectly) -ine. [a. F. dextrine, f. L. dextra right- 
hand: see -IN. Named by Biot and Persoz in 
1833, from the optical property mentioned below. 

1833 Bior & Persoz in Ann. de Chimie et de Physique 
[2] lil. 72 Nous la nommons dextrine, pour la designer par 
le caractére spécial que lui donne le sens et l’energie de son 
pouvoir rotatoire.] i 5 . 

A soluble gummy substance into which starch is 
converted when subjected to a high temperature, 
or to the action of dilute alkalis or acids, or of 
diastase. Called also British gum, and Letocome. 

It has the same chemical composition as starch, but is not 
coloured blue by iodine, and has the Property of turning the 
plane of polarization 138-68° to the right; whence its name. 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 653 Amidin..caused 
a deviation of the rays to the right, about three times as 
great as common sugar—a deviation which is sensibly the 
same with that of his [M. Biot’s] dextrine. 1838 Ann. Reg. 
374 List of patents, For improvements in the manufacture 
of dextrine. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem, II. 313 Dextrin 
is an uncrystallizable, solid, translucent substance having 
the aspect of gum arabic..It is employed ..for the adhesive 
layer at the back of postage-stamps. 1870 BentLey Bot. 29 
If starch be exposed to heat for a prolonged period it is 
converted into a solid gummy substance, called dextrin or 
British gum. 

Dextro-, combining form of L. dexter, dextra, 
used in the sense ‘ (turning or turned) to the right’, 
in physical and chemical terms, chiefly having 
reference to the property possessed by certain 
substances of causing the plane of a ray of polar- 
ized light to rotate to the right. Among these are: 

a. Dextrogyre (de‘kstro,dzair1) a. [L. gyrus, Gr. 
yopos circuit], gyrating or circling to the right. 
Dextrogyrate a.[L. gyrdt-us, pa. pple. of gyrare 
to wheel round], characterized by turning the 
plane of polarization to the right, as a dextro- 
gyrate crystal. Dextrogy‘rous a.= DEXTROGYRE. 
Dextro-rota‘tion, rotation to the right. Dextro- 
rotatory a., having or producing rotation to the 
right ; dextrogyrous. 

b. Dextro-co‘mpound, a chemical compound 
which causes dextro-rotation. Dextro-glu‘cose, 
the ordinary variety of GLUCOSE or grape-sugar, 
DEXTROSE. Dextro-race’mic, Dextro-tarta'ric 
acid, the modifications of racemic and tartaric acid 
which cause dextro-rotation. Hence Dextro- 
racemate, -tartrate, the salts of these. 

a Harvey Mat. Med. 366 Called mycose, because 
it is rather less dextrogyre than cane sugar. 1878 Foster 
Phys. u. i. 197 The solutions of both acids have a dextro- 
rotatory action on polarized light. 1882 Nature XXV. 283 
With each electrode, diverging currents produce dextro- 
and converging ones levo-rotation. 1883 Atheneunt 29 
Dec. 871/1 The dextrorotatory and optically inactive gums. 
1891 Lancet 3 Oct. 751 The dextro-rotatory tartaric acid. 

b. 1853 Pharmac. Frni. XIII. 111 Pasteur discovered 
that racemic acid is a compound of two acids, one of which 
turns the plane of polarization of a ray of light to the right, 
and the other to the left; he therefore called them Dextro- 
racemic-acid and Levo-racemic-acid. Ibid. 112 A solution 
of dextro-racemate of soda and ammonia. /ééd. 377 The 
dextro-tartrate crystallizes out. 7 Watts Dict. Chem. 
II. 855 Dextro-glucose occurs abundantly in sweet fruits, 
frequently together with cane sugar. 1873 Howes’ Chen. 
(ed. 11) 731 Dextrotartaric Acid is the acid of fruits. 

Dextro'rsal, z. rare. [f. L. dextrorsum (see 
next) +-AL.] (See quot.) 

1828 Wenster, Dextrorsai, rising from right to left, as a 
spiral line or helix. 

Dextrorse (dekstrf1s), a. [ad. L. dextrorsum, 
-sus, for dextrovorsum, -versum, turned to the 


right.] Turned towards the right hand. 
Used by botanists in two opposite senses. The earlier 
authors, Linnzus, the De Candolles, etc., used it as=‘to 


the right-hand of the observer’; modern botanists generally 
use it as=‘to the right hand of the plant, or of a person 
round whom the plant might be twining’, which is to the left 
of the external observer.) 

1864 in WessteR., 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iv. § 2. 140 
Direction of Overlapping. It may be to the right (dextrorse). 

Dextrose (dekstrdus). Chem. [f. L. dexter, 
dextra (see above), with the ending of glucose: see 
-OSE 2,] The form of GiucosE which is dextro- 
rotatory to polarized light ; dextro-glucose ; ordi- 
nary glucose or grape-sugar. 

1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 396 Dextrose, or right-handed 
glucose. 1872 THupicHuM Che . Phys. 7 It polarises to the 
Tight four times more intensely than dextrose sugar. 1878 

. Foster Phys. (1879) App. 673 Dextrose is soluble in 
alcohol, but insoluble in zther. 

Dextrous: see DexrErous. 

Dey | (dé). Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 1 deze, 
3 daie, 4, 8 deie, 4-5 deye, 5-9 dey, 9 dai, dei 
(dial.). [OE. dége, corresp. to ON. deigja, maid, 
female servant, house-keeper (whence Sw. deja 
dairy-maid) :~OTeut. *datg7én, from ablaut-stem of 
the vb. (in Gothic) deigan, daig, dig-un, digan-, to 
knead; whence Goth. daigs, OE. dag, déh, dough. 

imiti ing ‘ kneader’, ‘ er of bread’ = 
in ON. and in early ME. 


The p 
pears in OE. in the first quotation ; 


DEY-HOUSE. 


we find the wider sense of ‘female servant’, ‘woman em- 
ployed in a house or farm’. Cf. also ON. bi-deigya (bi, 
house, household) and mod. Norw. 6u-deia, seter-deia, 
agtar-deia. The same word, or a cognate derivative of 
the same root, is understood to form the second element in 
OE. hlafitge, hlefdige now Lavy. See also Dairy.) 

. A woman having charge of a dairy and things 
pertaining to it; in early use, also, with the more 
general sense, female servant, maid-servant. Still 
in living use in parts of Scotland. 

azo00 Ags. Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 277/2 Pristris [for pis- 
trix) deze. a1087 Record of Contract in Earle Land- 
Charters 268 Her swutelad. + Godwigz se bucca heefd zeboht 
Leofgife ba dagean wt nordstoke .. mid healfan punde at 
fElsize abbod to ecan freote. [1086 Domesday Bk. lf. 180 b, 
[In Biseley, Worcestershire] Ibi viij inter servos & ancillas & 
vaccarius & daia.] c1200 7rin. Coll. Hom. 163 He awlencd 
his daie mid clodes more pan him seluen. ¢1325 Poem Times 
Edw. I. 81 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 327 And leveth thare 
behinde..A serjaunt and a deie that leden a sory lif. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Nun's Pr. 7. 26 She was as it were a maner deye. 
14.. Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 563/42 Anadrogia, a 
deye. bid. 564/6 Androchia,adeye. 1483 in Cath. Angl, 
16.. in Maidment Sc. Pasguzls (1868) II. 262 An old dey 
or dairy maid at Douglas Castle. 1721 Ramsay 70 Gay xvii, 
Dance with kiltit dees, O’er mossy plains. c 1820 Lizie Lind- 
say in Child Badlads vin. (1892) §24/1 My father he is an old 
shepherd, My mither she is anold dey. /dzd. ‘To the house 
0’ his father's milk-dey. 1863 Morton Cycl. Agric. Gloss., 
Dey (Perthsh.) a dairymaid. [1866 RKoGrers Agric. § Prices 
I. ii. 14 This part of the medieval farm was under the 
management of a deye, or dairy-woman.] 

2. Extended to a man having similar duties. 

(1351 Act 25 Edw. [11 (Stat. Labourers) Stat. 1. c. 1 
Chescun charetter, Caruer, Chaceour des carues, Bercher, 
Porcher, Deye, et touz autres servantz. 1363 Act 37 Edw. ///, 
c. 14 Bovers, vachers, berchers .. Deyes, et touz autres gar- 
deinz des bestes.] 1483 Cath. Angl. 94 A Deye (Dere, deire 
A.); Androchius, Androchea, genatarius, genetharia. 1492 
Will of Hadley (Somerset Ho.), William Bayly my dey. 
1764 Burn Poor Laws g [citing 25 Ed. II1] Shepherds, 
swineherds, deies and all other servants. 1770-4 A. HuNTER 
Georg. Ess. (1803) III. 262 ‘Thus would the careful dai be 
able on all occasions to observe the particular quality of 
each individual cow’s milk. (Note. Dad or de/, in Aberdeen- 
shire, denotes the person who has the superintendence of 
a dairy, whether that person be male or female.) 

3. Comb. Dey-girl, dey-maid, a dairy-maid. 
Also DAY-HOUSE, -WIFE, -WOMAN. 

1828 Scorr /*. A/, Perth xxxii, This happened so soon as 
the dey-girl..was about to return. 


|| Dey 2 (dé). Forms: 7 dye, dij, dei, 7-9 dey, 
[a. F. dey, Turkish (slo daz ‘maternal uncle’. 


also ‘a friendly title formerly given to middle-aged 
or old people, esp. among the Janissaries; and 
hence in Algiers appropriated at length to the com- 
manding officer of that corps ’.] 

The titular appellation of the commanding officer 
of the Janissaries of Algiers, who, after having for 
some time shared the supreme power with the 
pasha or Turkish civil governor, in 1710 deposed 
the latter, and became sole ruler. There were also 
deys at Tunis in the 17th c., and the title is found 
applied to the governor or pasha of Tripoli. 

‘The title of dey was not lately used at Algiers: the 
sovereign was styled pacha and effendi; the Moors called 
him Baba “ Father” (Penny Cycl. 1833). 

1659 B. Harris Parivals Iron Age 294 General Blake .. 
set sayl for Tunnis, where he fired a castle, and nine ‘Turk- 
ish ships in Portferino, upon the disdainful refusal of the 
Dye of that place, to give satisfaction. 1676 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 1102/1 The late Dey of Tripoli being fled, those People 
have made choice of Mustaphe Grande to succeed him. 
1678 Drypen Limberham 1. 1, By corrupting an Eunuch, 
[he] was brought into the Seraglio privately, to see the Dye’s 
Mistress. 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money Chas. 11 §& Fas. IT 
(Camden) 91 Sent, the one to the Alcade of Alcazar, the 
other to the Dij of Algiers. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2313/1 
The Dey of Tunis sent his Grace the usual Present. 1833 
Penny Cyc. I. 329/2 An insult offered cf Hassein Pacha, 
the last dey, to the French consul in April 1827, induced the 
French government to send an expedition..to take posses- 
sion of Algiers..in June 1830. | 1843 /é/d. XXV. 366/2 Of 
twenty-three deys who reigned [in Tunis], all were strangled 
or otherwise assassinated, with the exception of five. During 
these tumultuous times, the beys, who were the second 
officers of that state, gained the influence, and eventually 
the succession. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 104 Of all 
the Janissaries.. none were more opposed to the Sultan than 
those at Belgrade.. Already did their commanders designate 
themselves Bahis, after the example of the Deys of Barbary. 

Dey, obs. f. Dix sd. and v. 

+Dey-ar. Ods. [A transl. of AF. deye in Acts 
of Edward III: see Dey! 2.] A dairy man. 

1g.. transl. 37 Zaz. I//, c. 14 Oxherds, Cowherds, Shep- 
herds, Deyars, and all other Keepers of Beasts. 1764 Burn 
Poor Laws 1g (citing the same act). 

Deyde, obs. form of Dap, Diep. 

Deye, -en, ME. form of Diz v., Dx v. 

Deye-nettle: see DEA-NETTLE. 

Deyer, obs. form of DrEr. 

Deyery, obs. form of Datry. 

Deyfife, obs. form of Dear. 

Dey-house (déihaus). Now /ocal. Forms: 
4 deyhus, 6 dayhowse, deahouse, deyhowse. 
[f. Dey! + Hovuse.] A dairy or dairy-house. 

1342-74 Roll in Scriptores tres (Surtees) App. cxli, Item 
unam stabulam et unum deyhus de Petynton. ? 
Tykford Priory in Monast. Angilic. V. 206 On the northside 
the gate is a howse called the dayhowse. 1565-73 CooreR 


1547 Surv. 


DEYITE. 


Thesaurus, Casearia taberna..A dayhouse where cheese is 
made. 1578 Lanc. Wills 111. 101 Item be ig to y® 
deahouse xij pannes vij skelletes two ladles and a 
scomer. 1825 Britton Beauties of Wiltsh, (E.D. S. 870), 
Deyhouse, Da’us, —— a dairy, or room in which the 
cheese is made. 1883 Core Hamfpsh. Gloss., Dey-hus. 
1890 Glouc. Gl., Dey-house (pronounced dey’us), the p Aa 

Deyite, obs. form of Derry. i 

Deyl, -lle, obs. ff. Dotz, Doon, grief, mourning. 

Deyle, deyll, obs. form of DzAt, part. 

Deyme, obs. form of DEEM v. 

Deyn, obs. Sc. variant of Dan!: see Den sé. 

Deyn, for deyen, obs. inf. of Diz v., Dyx v. 

Deyn, deyne, obs. ff. Dean sd.! and 2. 

Deyne, obs. f. Deen v., var. of Dain sé., a., 
v., DIGNE, a. 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems (1893) xlii. 28 To luke on me he 
thocht greit deyne. 

Deynous, obs. form of DEIGNous a. 

Deynt, Deynte, -tie, Deynteous, Deynt- 
eth, etc.: see Daint-. 

Deype, obs. form of DEEP. 

Deyr, deyre, obs. ff. Dear, DERE, hurt. 

c1470 Henry Wadlace iv. 561 Wallace persauit his men 
tuk mekill deyr. 

Deyrie, -ry, obs. ff. Datry. 

Deys, obs. f. Dice: see Dix sd,1 

Deys, -e, Deysie, -sy, obs. ff. Dais, Daisy. 

Deyship (déifip). [f. Dey?+-suip.] The 
state or dignity of a Dey (of Algiers, etc.). 

1704 J. Pitts Acc. Mahometans viii. (1738) 174 Succeeded 
him in the Deyship. 1863 CHALLICE Deraes etc. Louis 
AVI, 11. 20 He would have sent your Deyship a he-goat. 

Deyster, obs. var. of DyEsTER, dyer. 

Deyte, deyyte, obs. ff. Deity. 

Deythe, Deyver, obs. ff. DeatH, Devore, 

Deytron, obs. pl. DauGHTER. 

+ Dey’-wife. 0ds. [f. Dey !.] A dairy woman. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. x1x. |xxiv. (1495) 904 Chese.. 
slydeth oute bytwene the fyngres of the Deye wyfe. 1530 
Patscr. 212/2 Dey wyfe, meterie. 1547 SaLessury Welsh 
Dict., Hanodwraic, deywyfe. 

+ Dey'-woman. Ods. exc. dial. [f. Dey! + 
Woman.] A dairy woman. 

1588 Suaxs. Z. L. L. 1. ii. 136 For this Damsell I must 
keepe her at the Parke, shee is alowd for the Day-woman. 
1828 Scott F. AM. Perth xxxii, The dey or farm-woman 
entered with her pitchers to deliver the milk for the family. 
/bid., The warder .. averred he saw the dey-woman de- 
part. 1890 Glouc. Gloss., Day-woman, Dairymaid. 

Dezincation (dzzinkéi‘fon). [f. De- II. 1+ 
Zinc.] The removal or abstraction of zinc from an 
alloy or composition in which it is present. So De- 
zivnk v., De-zi'nked ///. a., De-zi‘nking 70/. s/. 

1891 Eisster Metall. Argentiferous Lead 277 Abstrich 
from dezincation of poor lead. 1892 W. Crookes Wagner's 
Chem. Technol. 183-4 Zinkiferous poor lead for de-zinking. 
.. The de-zinking can at once begin. .. The total de-zinking 
process, from running the poor lead into the refining process 
to letting off the de-zinked lead, requires..nine hours. 

Dezincify, de (dézinkifai), v.  [f. 
De- Il 1 + Zinciry.] dans. To separate zinc 
from an alloy or composition in which it is present. 
Chiefly used in connexion with Parkes’ process for 
desilverizing lead by means of zinc. Hence 
Dezi'nkified //. a. ; also Dezincifica'tion. 

1874 J. A. Puiturs Elem. Metallurgy 586 The dezincifi- 
cation of the de-silverised lead is effected by the aid of 
chloride oflead. 189 Eisster Metall. Argentiferous Lead 
304 As only minute quantities of antimony are contained in 
the lead, dezincification is sufficient. 1892 W. Crookes 
Wagner's Chem. Technol. 181 The pan for the de-zinkified 


poor lead. 

Dezymotize (dizsi-métaiz), v. [f. De- Il. 1 
+ ZyMor-Ic + -1ZE.] trans. To free from disease- 
germs, 

1884 Chr. World 31 July 578/3 Each [traveller] .. is to 
‘ disinfect and dezymotise his own drinking water’, 


Dgiahour, obs. form of Graour. 

Dh- is not an English combination, but, in the 
English spelling of East Indian words, is used to 
represent the Indian dental sonant-aspirate, in the 


Devanagari alphabet Y da, also the lingual or 


cerebral sonant-aspirate @, more exactly written 
dha. In earlier spelling by Europeans these sounds 
were commonly represented by simple d, and in 
the general rectification of this to ¢/, the latter has 
been erroneously extended to several words having 
simple & da dental or @ ga lingual, or to words 
not really Indian, apparently under the notion that 
an oriental appearance is given to a word by 
spelling it with @2. Words thus erroneously spelt 
with dh are dhooly, dhow, dholl, dhoney, dh(o)urra, 
dhurrie. 

|| Dhak (dhak). Also dhawk. Z. Znd. [Hindi 
dhak.| An ¥ast Indian tree Butea frondosa, N.O. 
pry growing in the jungles in many parts 
“ dia, and noted for its brilliant flowers. 


Con in Life (1873) 407 Note, Butea frondos 
uaseed Ball, or DRAG. ce ies Fruk. (1828) Uy 487 


802 


The most common tree, or rather bush, in these fi is the 
dhak. 1866 7yeas. Bot. 183 Dr. Hooker states that when in 
full flower the Dhak tree is a gorgeous sight, the masses of 
flowers resembling sheets of flame, their ‘bright orange-red 
petals contrasting brilliantly against the jet-black rarer 
calyx.’ The Dhak tree supplies the natives of India wit 
several articles of a useful nature. 


|| Dhal, var. of Dau Indian pulse. 


|| Dharna, dhurna (dhvma). Z. Znd. Also 
dherna. [Hindi dharnd placing, act of sitting in 
restraint, f. Skr. dhy to place.]_ A mode of extorting 
payment or compliance with a demand, effected by 
the complainant or creditor sitting at the debtor’s 
door, and there remaining without tasting food till 
his demand shall be complied with; this action is 
called ‘sitting in dharna’ or ‘sitting dharna’, and 
the person on whom it is practised is said to be 
‘put in dharna’, 

€1793 Sir J. Snore in Asiat, Res. (1799) 1V. 332 The prac- 
tice called tates {which] may _be coeulaed Caption, or 
Arrest. 1824 Heber ¥rn/, (1828) 1. 433 To sit ‘dhurna’, . till 
the person against whom it is employed consents to the re- 
quest offered. 1837 /udian Penal Code Act xxv (1860) c. 22 
§ 508 (Y.) A. sits dhurna at Z.’s door with the intention [etc.} 
1842 W. Micestr. //ist. Hydur Natk 41 (Y.) His troops, for 
want oftheir pay, placed himin Dhurna. 1844 H. H. Wiison 
Brit, India 11.175 Detaining their commanders in the sort of 
arrest termed dharna. 1875 Maine Hist. ust. 40 (Y.) The 
institution is. .identical with one widely diffused throughout 
the East, which is called by the Hindoos ‘ Sitting dharna’. 

Dhatura, dhutoora, E. Indian forms o 
Datura, DEWTRY. 


1848 G. Wyatt Revelations of Orderly (1849) 16 A gang of | 


poisoners .. rifling some travellers to whom they had ad- 
ministered dhutoora. 1892 Daily News 5 Aug. 5/3 A pro- 
fessional dhatura poisoner. 

|| Dhobi (dhabi). 4. Zzd. Also dhobie, dhoby. 
[Hindi 007, f. dhob washing, Skr. dhav- to wash.] 
A native washerman in India. Also dhobi-man. 

1860 W. H. Russet. Diary in India 1, 110 The ‘ dhoby- 
man’ was waiting outside, and in a few moments made his 
appearance—a black washerman, dressed in cotton. 1886 
Yure Anglo-Ind. Gloss. 242/2 A common Hind. proverb 
runs .. Like a dhoby’s dog belonging neither to the house 
nor to the riverside. 1891 R. Kirtinc Plain Tales fr. 
Hills 183 Adored by every one from the dhoby to the dog- 


ry. 
|| Dhole (dhl). Zool. [Origin unknown. 

Given by Hamilton Smith in 1827, as the name ‘in various 
ssh of the East’; but not included among the native 

ndian names by Blanford (Fauna Snag h Ind. (1888), 
Mammals 143), and unknown to Indian Scholars. (In 
Canarese, /é/a is the wolf: can this be, through some con- 
fusion, the source of dhole ?)) 

The wild dog of the Deccan in India, 

1827 Cor. C. H. Smitn in E. Griffith Cuvier’s An. 
Kingd. 11. 326 The Dhole, or Wild Dog of the East Indies, 
is made like the Dingo, but the hairs of the tail are not 
bushy. It is of a uniform bright red colour, and is found 
in South Africa, and in various parts of the East, where it 
is named Dhole. 1837 T, Bett Brit, Quadrup. in Penny 
Cycl. 1X. 58/1 Of dogs in such a state of wildness..two 
very remarkable ones are the Dhole of India and the Dingo 
of Australia. 1866 Woop Pop. Nat. Hist. 1. 89 e 
Kholsun, or Dhole as it is often called, of British India. 
/bid. 90 The sanguinary contests between the Dholes and 
their prey. 

|| Dholl, = Dat, the Cajan pea, Indian pulse. 

1878 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene. vi. (ed. 5) 253 Mr. Cor- 
nish mentions that in the Sepoy Corps, the men are much 
subject to diarrhoea from the too great use of the ‘dholl’ 
(Cajanus indicus). 


||Dhoney, doney (ddni). Also 6-7 doni, 
tonee,tony. [ad. Tamil, 20nd (pronounced donz): 
perh. a foreign word; cf, Pers. eo doni a yacht. 


(Spelt donny bythe French writer Pyrard de la Val 
¢1610.)] A small native sailing vessel of Southern 


India, 

1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. \xi. 
125 a, Coching, from when¢e they were minded to send the 
Tone which carried the pepper, laden with merchandise. 
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blavk’s Trav. 70 Near to Zeilan, 
where ey use flat-bottome boats, called Tune, because 
they have little bottome. 1859 Tennent Cey/on II, 103 (Y.) 
Amongst the vessels at anchor lie the dows of the Arabs, 
the patamars of Malabar, the dhoneys of Coromandel. 1880 
Standard 15 May 5/3 His Wardian cases will cumber the 
decks of Arab dhows, Coromandel dhoneys. 1894 /onthiy 
Cire. Lloyd's Reg., Abbreviations .. Dhy, Dhoney. 

Dhooley, -lie, -ly, erron. ff. Dooxie, a litter. 


Dhoop, erron. f. Doos an Indian grass. 

|| Dhoti, dhootie (dhdwti, dhti), Also 7 
duttee, 9 dote, dhotee, -ty, dhootie, dhooty. 
[Hindi dhoti.] The loin cloth worn by Hindus ; 
a long narrow cloth which is wound round the 
body, passed between the thighs, and tucked in 
under the waist-band behind. 

1622 in W. N. Sainsbury Cad. State Papers E. Ind. (1878) 
ILI. 24 (Y.) Price of calicoes, duttees fixed. 1810 T. Wit- 
Liamson Vade Mecum 1, 247 (Y.) A dotee or waist-cloth. 1845 
Srocqueter Handbk. Brit. Ind. (1854) 277 He must..leave 
the house with nothing on but his gombong and dhootie. 
1881 Manch, Guard. 18 Jan., aetna, dhooties, mulls and 
jacconets are all very firm. 1883 F. M. Crawrorp J/7. 
Zsaacs x. 203 Clad simply in a dhoti or waist-cloth. 1 
Daily News 16 Nov. 3/1, I never remember seeing him in 


anything but a delicate pink silk dhotee, 1894 Longm. 
aes) 213 Ordi coolies dressed only in their ‘ dhotis’ 
or 


DI-. 


Dhourra, dhurra, = Dura, Indian millet. 

|| Dhow, dow (dau). Also daou, daw. [Original 
language own ; now in use all round the coast 
of rabian Sea from Western India to E. Africa, 
also on Lake Nyanza. The Marathi form is daw, 
and the word exists in mod. Arabic as glo daw 
(Johnson 1852). See Du-. “ 

if she wend Supe cccarsiog of ithe. 1975.5 Soe 
Nikitin (India in 15th c., Hakl. Soc, 1858) be, as it appears 
to be, the same word, it would tend to ize the word at 
Ormus or Hormuz in the Persian Gulf.) 

A native vessel used on the Arabian Sea, generally 
with a single mast, and of 150 to 200 tons burden; 
but the name is somewhat widely applied to all 
Arab vessels, and has become especially well known 
in connexion with the slave trade on the East coast 
of Africa. 

1802 Naval Chron. VIII. 255 A fleet of piratical Dows. 
1803 /bid. 1X. 216 The navigation of the Red Sea is con- 
fined to vessels which they call daous..They a single 
square sail. 1809 Q. Rev. Aug. 108 At Mocha they hited 
a dow, 1831 Tretawney Adv. Younger Son 1. 178 On 
board a small and very singular craft, called a dow. 1860 
Krarr Travels E. Africa 117, I left .. Takaungu ina small 
boat, called a ‘ Daw‘ by the Suahilis. .the smallest sea-going 
vessel. 1862 /é/ustr. Melbourne Post 26 July, The boats .. 
captured a large number of slave dhows off the eastern 
coast. Livincstone Zambesi Pref. 9 The general 
effect is to drive the independent native chiefs to the Arab 
dhow slave trade. 1875 Beprorp Sailor's Pock. Bk. vi. 
(ed. 2) 227 The Slave Dhows on the East Coast of Africa are 
specially rigged for running with the Monsoons. 1883 Bom: 
bay Gazetteer X11. 717-8 \Y.) Dhau is a large vessel which 
is falling into disuse .. Their origin is in the Red Sea, The 
word is used vaguely, and is applied to-baghlas. 1886 YuLE 
Anglo-Ind. Gloss. 243/1 Dhow, Dow. .used on the E. African 
coast for craft in general; but in the mouths*of Englishmen 
on the western seas of India it is applied specially to the old- 
fashioned vessel of Arab build, with a long ‘grab’ stem, 
i.e. rising at a long slope from the water, and about as 
long as the keel, usually with one mast and lateen-rig. 

See 


Dhurrie, durrie (dvri). [Hindi dari. 
Du-.] A kind of cotton carpet of Indian manufac- 
ture, usually made in rectangular pieces with fringes 
at the ends, and used for sofa-covers, curtains, and 
similar purposes. 

1880 Exior James J/ndian Industries iv. 19 Dhurries 
are made in squares, and the ends often finished off with 
fringe; the colours are not bright, but appear durable. 
2891 Cores 7wo Girls on a Barge 21 Curtains to hang.. 
and dhurries to be draped over the fresh-scented pine of the 
little cabins. /éid. 22 The dhurries to be arranged zsthe- 
tically on either crosswise beam, 

Di- (di, dai) pref.l, repr. L. d7-, reduced form 
of dis-, used in L. before the consonants 4, d, g 
(usually), /, m, 2, 7, 5 + cons., v, and sometimes 
before 7, as in di-biicindre, di-diicére, di-gestio, di- 
gressto, ae Sport di-jungére and dis-jungére, 
di-latare, di-minudre, di-missio, di-numerare, di- 
rectus, di-ruptio, di-spersus, di-stinguére,di-strictus, 
di-vertére. Often changed back in late L. and 
Romanic popular words to the full form dis-, 
whence dismiss, disrupt; but in mod. Eng. era 
ally di-. In OF. and ME. often varying with de-, 
whence defer, demission sb.2, devise, from oat 
dimissio, divisa, ‘Tis took place especially be- 
fore a radical beginning with s + cons., where di- 
was phonetically identified with @s-, and shared in 
the alternation of dis-:—des- (Dx- 6, Dxs-, D1s-). 
Thus in ME. desferse, destinct, destill, destrain, 
destress for dis-; and per contra déspair, dispise, 
dispite, dispoil, distroy for de-. For its force in 
composition, see D1s-: it is not, like the latter, a 
living prefix. The historical pronunciation in an 
unstressed syllable is (di-); cf. divide, diversion, 
diminish ; but in cases where there is a parallel 
word in de-, as delate, dilate, it is usually pronounced 

dai-) for the sake of distinction, and the present ten- 

ency is to extend (dai-) to other words, as digest, 
dilute, diluvium, diradiation, direct, diverge, di- 
verse, divest. This seems due partly to analysis of 
the compound, partly to the influence of 
forms as dé:gest sb. divers, in which the z is long 
and diphthongal. 

Di- (dai, di), pref. 2, repr. Gr. 5:- for dis twice, as 
in d¢yapos twicé married, di/yAwrros double-tongued, 
bilingual, 8/3paxyos worth two drachmas, dinruxos 
double-folded. Hence, 1. Entering into numerous 
Eng. words, mostly technical, as dichromic, dicoty- 
ledon, digamma, digamy, diglot, digraph, dilemma, 
diphthong, diptych, distich, disyllable; also in the 
nomenclature of Natural History as Diadelphia, 
Diandria, Didelphia, Diptera: which see in their 
alphabetical places. So in Ceysteliagenahy, as in 
di-tetrahedron a crystal having twice four sides or 
planes ; so di-hexahedron, etc. 

2. Asa living prefix, used in Chemistry, with the 
names of compounds and derivatives, in the general 
sense ‘twice, double’, but with various special ap- 
plications. 


DI-. 


a. With the names of classes of compounds, as 
bromide, oxide, sulphide, cyanide, acetate, chlorate, 
nitrate, sulphate, amide, amine, etc., expressing 
the presence of two atoms or combining equi- 
valents of the element or radical, as carbon dioxide 
CO,, manganese dichloride Mn Cy, f 

? In the earlier part of the 19th c. the use was different : 
the Latin prefix 67. was then used, where d7- is now, to 
express two proportions of the chlorous constituent, as in 
bi-chloride of mercury =corrosive sublimate; while the Greek 
di- was used to express two proportions of the basic consti- 
tuent; thus calomel, when supposed to contain two of mer- 
cury to one of chlorine, was called a di-chloride. 


b. With the names of specific compounds (chiefly 
organic), indicating a body having twice the for- 
mula of a given compound ; used chiefly with the 
names of hypothetical radicals, to indicate the free 
state of these (supposed to be that of a double 
molecule), as in di-allyl, dibenzyl, dicyanogen. 

In diphenol, the use is less exact, since this substance has 
not exactly the constitution of two molecules of phenol, 

e, With the name (or combining form of the 
name) of an element or radical, expressing the 
presence of two atoms or molecules of that body, 
as in dit-hydr(o)-, di-oxy-, di-carbon-, di- carb(o)-, 
di-nitr(o)-, di-az(0)-, di-chlor.o)-, dt-brom(o)-, dt- 
tod(o)-, di-sulph(o)-, di-phosph(o)-, di-bor(o)-, ai- 
arsen(o)-, di-ammont(o)-, di-amm(o)-, di-amid(o)-, 
di-cyan(o)-, di-methyl-, di-ethyl-, di-propyl-, di- 
amyl-,di-allyl-. Used especially in organic chem- 
istry, to indicate that two atoms or molecules of the 
body take the place of two atoms of hydrogen, as 
in dibromomethane, dichlorobenzene. 

d. These formations (c) are sometimes used 
attributively or adjectively as separate words, as 
di-azo compounds, di-carbon series, di-phenyl 
group. So with other adjectives, as dactd, dihydric, 
diphentc, 

e. On the preceding classes of words derivatives 
are formed, as diazotize, diazotype, dichromated. 

Di-, re/-8, the form of D1a- used before a vowel, 
as in dt-acoustic, di-wrests, dt-ests, di-ocese, dt-optric, 
di-orama. 

Dia-, /7¢/-', before a vowel di-, repr. Gr. &a-, 
&-, the prep. &4 through, during, across, by. [orig. 
*dF ya, from root of *5Fo, d5vo two, and so related to 
dis, *5Fis twice (Di- 2) and L. dzs- a-two, asunder 
(Dis-, D1-1).] Much used in Greek in composition, 
in the senses ‘through, thorough, thoroughly, 
apart’, as in di45pouos running through, d:dAerros 
discourse, S:¢perpos measure through or crosswise, 
diameter, 5:a7p.87 wearing through or away, pas- 
time, déorrpov a thing for looking through, a spy- 
glass. Hence in English, in a few old words through 
Latin and French, or Latin only, and in many 
modern scientific and technical words formed 
directly from Greek, or on Greek analogies. 

Dia-, A7ef2, in medical terms. In Greek such 
phrases as 5:d xapiov, bid nwderdv, did piovos, bd 
popav, ia rpiav Temepéwy, did. Teaoapwr, did wevTe, 
meaning ‘made or consisting of nuts, of poppy- 
heads, of vitriol, of mulberries, of three peppers, 
of four or of five (ingredients) ’, etc., were applied 
to medicaments of which these ingredients were 
the chief constituents, the full form implied being 
70 did Tpiav Twenepéwy pappaxoy medicament made 
up of three peppers, etc. By the Latin physicians 
these phrases were treated as words, thus dzach7¥lén, 
diacisson, diacddion, diaglaucion, diagrydion, dia- 
libanon, diamelilotin, diamelitin, diamisyos, dia- 
moron, diapente, diatessarén; and their number 
was increased by many later formations of the same 
kind. Their grammatical character tended to be 
forgotten, final -d7 (Gr. -wv) being taken for -o7 (Gr. 
-ov), and then latinized as -wm, e.g. diach¥lum, dia- 
glaucium, dialibanum, dihematum (BV aipdrayv) ; 
or anominative was otherwise formed, as dapentes. 
The Mew Sydenham Society's Lexicon gives about 
eighty of these in medieval and early modern 


tin, 

Several of these are given in French form by Cot- 
grave; many were formerly in English use, either 
in their medizeval-Latin form or partly anglicized. 
Phillips 1678-1706 has ‘ Diz, a Greek Preposition 
. . Set before the names of many medicinal compo- 
sitions, to which that of the principal Ingredient is 
usually joined, by Physicians and Apothecaries, as 
Diaprunum, Diascordium, Diasenna, etc” Only 
a few, e.g. DIACHYLUM, survive in modern use.: 
see also, in their alphabetical places, DracaTHo- 
uicoy, Diacopium, Diacrypium, DramBEr, D1a- 
moron, DiaparMA, DriapruNE, Drascorp, D1a- 
SENNA, DIATESSARON. Among others, are the obso- 
lete Diaca'rthami (-amy) [F. d/acartami Cotgr.], 
a preparation of carthamus or bastard saffron; Dia- 


803 


ca’ssia, of cassia or bastard cinnamon; Diaci‘ssum 
(Gr. mooGv], of ivy leaves; Diacora‘llion, com- 
posed of red coral; Diacymimnon, diaciminon 
[F, diaciminon Cotgr.; Gr. xvpivoy], composed 
of cumin; Diagala‘nga [I’. dagalange], made of 
galanga or galingale; Diamargari‘ton [also in 
OF.; Gr. papyapitwr of pearls]; +} Diapeni-dion 
Obs, (med. L, penidion, -um (F. penide ‘a pennet, 
the little wreath of sugar taken in a cold’) = Gr, 
*mvidsioy, dim. of mhvn thread. (Sce Skeat Voles 
to P. Fl, E.E.T.S. 110.).]  Diaphoenic(-on) 
[F. diaphenicum Cotgr.; Gr. powixwv of dates); 
Dia‘rrhodon [F. diarrodon Cotgr.; Gr. pita of 
roses, Sidppodov (sc. KoAAVpioy a salve) compound 
of roses]; Diarhu‘barb, a preparation of rhu- 
barb; Diatra‘'gacanth [OF. diadragant, etc. 
Godef.], preparation of tragacanth; Diatrion- 
pipereon, -santalon, a preparation consisting of 
three kinds of pepper, or of sanders or sandal-wood ; 
Diazi-ngiber, -zi'nziber, a confection of ginger. 

The 17-18th c. English Dictionaries, Phillips, Bailey, 
Chambers, Ash, etc., give also d/abo'/anum, a plaster made 
of herbs, d/acalami'nthe, diaca'pparis (of capers), diaca’- 
vyon (of walnuts), dacasto'reum, diachalcé tis, diacinna- 
mo'mum, diacito‘nium, diacopre gia (of goats’ dung), da- 
corum (of acorus or Calamus), déaco’stum (of costmary), d/a- 
cro‘mamyon (of onions), diacydo'nium (conserve of quinces, 
marmalade), diadamasce‘num (of damsons), diaglawcion 
(of glaucium), dake’ xapla (a drink for horses of six ingre- 
dients), diahy'ssopum, diala'cca (of gum lac), dialthe'a (of 
marsh mallow), d/ame'rdes (of ordure’, diamo'schum (of 
musk), diandsum (of anise), dianu'cust (of walnuts), da- 
olibanum, diapapa'ver (of poppies), aapomphorlygos (of 
pompholyx), diasaty'*rion, diasebe'sten, diatri-bus (of three 
sorts of sanders), d7axyla‘loes (of wood of aloes), etc. Cf. 
also 1621 Burton Anat. Melanch. 1. iv. 1. v. 

1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. Ep. in Ashm, (1652) 113 Use 
*Diacameron. 1544 Puaer. Regim. Life (1553) Aviija, 
A potion .. made of halfe an ounce of *diacartamy dissolved 
in. .iij ounces of betonie, 1565-73 Cooper 7'hesaurus, Cnricos, 
an herbe called Carthamus, wherof is made an notable con- 
fection named Diacarthami to purge fleume. 1671 SALMON 
Syn, Med. wi. \xxxiii. 762 First sufficiently cleanse with 
*Diacassia with Turpentine. 1545 Nott/ngham Kec, III. 
224 Duas pixides de conserves vocatis *‘diacitrin’, 174% 
Compl. Fam, Piece 1.1.53 Take .. *Diacoralliona Dram and 
ahalf. 1362 Lanctanp P. P/, A. v. 101 May no Suger so 
swete aswagen hit vnnepe, No no Diopendion [v.77”. dya- 

endyon, diapenydion, B. diapenidion] dryve it from myn 

erte. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. u, xi. 127 A certaine portion 
of the Electuarie *Diaphenicon, mingled with .. powder of 
Diagridium. 1646 Sir T., Browne Pseud, Ep. mu. xii. 133 
Diaphznicon a purging electuary .. which receiveth that 
name from Dates. 1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Diaphoenic..a 
soft purgative electuary. 1789 Archaeol. 1X. 233 Diarhodon 
ad servorum seems a salve or water of roses for inflammations 
in the eyes. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 229 Trociscus de 
turbit maad wip *diarubarbe. 1657 Physical Dict., *Dia- 
traganth, a confection .. good against hot diseases of the 
breast. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 238 3eve him *diatrion 
piperion or anoper hoot eletuarie. //d., He schal take 
*diazinziberum of oure makinge. 1600 W. VAUGHAN Direct. 
Health (1602) 63 If you be troubled with rheumes. .vse dia- 
trion piperion. 

+ Dia, dya, sd. Ovs. The pharmaceutical prefix 
Dia-*, used as a separate word; A medical pre- 
paration or compound. 

Goats’ milk dia, a specific preparation of which goats’ 
milk was the chief ingredient : see D1a-*. 

1377 Lanct, P. PZ. B, xx. 173 And dryuen awey deth with 
dyas and dragges [v. 7. dias, drogges]. c 1430 Lypc. A/in, 
Poems (Percy Soc.) 40 Drugge nor dya was none in Bury 
towne. 1562 BuLteyn Def. agst. Sickness 1. Bk. Simples 
22b, Eaten, either in Goates milk Dia, or Syruppe. 

Diabantite (daidbentait). Ain. [irregularly 
f, DiaBasE (as if the latter represented Gr. d:d4Bas, 
S:aBavt- having crossed over) + -1TE. Substituted 
by Hawes 1875 for the Ger. name dabantachro- 
myn.| A chlorite-like mineral occurring in diabase 
and giving to this rock its green colour. : 

31875 Amer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. ut. 1X. 454 On Diabantite. 

Diabase (doiibéis). Min. [a. F. diabase, 
erroneously formed, since (according to Littré) it 
was meant to signify ‘ rock with two bases’ (for 
which dzdase would have been a proper form), and 
subsequently abandoned by its author, Brongniart, 
for Haiiy’s name dzorzte ; but in 1842 re-introduced 
by Hausmann, perhaps with an intended affiliation 
to Gr. d:dBacts a crossing over, transition.] 

The name originally given by A. Brongniart to 
the rock afterwards called Diorrrx; now applied 
to a fine-grained, compact, crystalline granular 
rock, consisting essentially of augite and a triclinic 
feldspar, with chloritic matter in varying amount ; 
a variety of the class of rocks called greenstone and 
trap, being an altered form of basalt. 

[1816 CLeaveLaND Min, 609 Greenstone (note), Diabase of 
some French nineeees 1836 Macciiuivray tr. //2m- 
boldt’s Trav. xiv. 166 They observed two large veins of gneiss 
in the slate, containing balls of granular diabase or green- 
stone, 1862 Dana JZan. Geol. ix. 79 Diabase, a massive 
hornblende rock .. It is like diorite in composition, except 
that the feldspar is less abundant, and is either labradorite 
or oligoclase. 1882 Gemie 7ext-bk. Geol. 145 The main 
difference between diabase and basalt appears to be that 
the rocks included under the former name have under- 
gone more internal alteration, in particular acquiring the 


viridite’ so characteristic of them. 


DIABLERIE. 


b. attrid., as in diabase-aphanite, a very 
fine-grained variety of quartz-diabase in which the 
separate constituents are not distinguishable by the 
naked eye; diabase-porphyrite, -porphyry, the 
dark-green antique porphyry, containing hornblende 
in its compact diabase-like mass; diabase-schist, 
a schistose form of diabase-aphanite. 

1868 Dana A/ix, 343 If the diabase contains distinct 
crystals of porphyry, it is a diabase porphyry, the green 
porphyry or oriental verd-antique of Greece .. being of this 
nature, 1879 Rutiey Stud. Rocks 247 Diabase aphanite.. 
Diabase schist. 

Diabasic (daiabéisik), a. [f. prec. +-1c.] Of, 
pertaining to, or of the nature of diabase. 

1884 Science 20 June 763/1 Limestones, well proved to be 
of carboniferous age, cut by diabasic eruptives. 

|| Dia*basis. Ods. rare. [a. Gr. dé Baars, from 
biaBawvev to pass over.] A passing over. 

1672 H. Morr Brief Reply 234 This Diabasis or passing 
of the Worship to the Prototype, _ 

Diabaterial (doiabatierial), a. rare. [f. Gr. 
biaBarnpia (sc. tepa) offerings before crossing the 
border, or a river (f. dsaBards to be crossed, baBai- 
vew to go through, cross) +-AL.] Pertaining to the 
crossing of a frontier or river. 

1784-90 Mitrorp //ist. Greece xvii. iv. (1829) IIT. 112 ‘There, 
according to the constant practice of the Greeks .. the dia- 
baterial or border-passing sacrifice was performed. , 

+ Di-abete. Jed. Obs. [a. F. déabéete (1611 in 
Cotgr., but prob. earlier in medical use), ad. L. 
diabetes, a. Gr. SiaBnrns: see next.) =next. 

1541 Cortanp tr. Guydon's Chirurg. Y iij b, Auycen graunt- 
eth in diabete the water of the clere mylke of a shepe. 1598 
Syivester Du Lartas ui. ut. /uries (1608) 279 As oppo- 
site the Diabete. . Distills vs still, 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1. ii. 
23 Diabete or Potdropsy, an extraordinarie fluxe of the 
vrine, 1647 J. Birkenneab Assembly Man (1662-3) 19 Ever 
sick of a Diabete. 

Diabetes (doiabit7z’. Aled. [a. L. dtcbétis, a. 
Gr. &aBnrns, Vt. 6a passer through; a siphon’, 
also, in Aretzeus as the name of the disease, f. da- 
Baiveww to pass through.] 

+1. A siphon. Oés, 

1661 BoyLe Spring of Air (1682) 107 If a Glass Diabetes 
or Syringe be made of a sufficient length. 

2. Med. A disease characterized by the immo- 
derate discharge of urine containing glucose, and 
accompanied by thirst and emaciation. 

Sometimes called Diabetes mellitus, to distinguish it from 
Diabetes insipidus which is characterized by an absence of 
saccharine matter. (In 18th c. usually with fhe or a.) 

1562 ‘Turner Baths 7a, It is good for the flixe to the 
chamber pot called of the beste Physicianes Diabetes, that is 
when a man maketh water oft and much, 1649 CULPEPPER 
Phys. Direct. 70 [It] helps the Diabetes, or continual pissing. 
1690 Lurrrete Brief Kel. (1857) 11. 106 ‘Vhe earl of Gains- 
borough died lately of a diabetes. 1769 ALEXANDER tr. 
Morgagni’s Seats and Causes of Diseases U1. 11. 465 A cer- 
tain Count, who had laboured under a diabetes. 1845 G. E. 
Day tr. Sznon's Anim. Chem. 1. 327 Rollo was..the first 
who proved the presence of sugar in the blood during dia- 
betes. 1875 T. ‘Vanner Pract. Med. (ed.7)1. 28 A temporary 
diabetes can occasionally be produced by the excessive con- 
sumption of sugar or starch. 1879 Kuory Princ. Med. 59 
In diabetes the skin is dry and harsh, 

b. transf. and jig. 

1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. viii. 273 What is the reason 
of this Diabetes Celestial, when the Clouds are so often 
dropping, and can’t hold? 1839 Lanpor Wes. (1846) I. 
375/2 Knowing your diabetes of mind, 

Diabetic (doiabitik), a [a. F. diabétique 
(14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. dtadbéetec-as, f. 
diabetes : see prec. and -I¢.] 

A. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to diabetes or its treatment. 

1799 Med. Frni. 11.88 Dr. Lubbock began to suspect it 
was connected with the diabetic diathesis. 1819 J. G. 
Cuitpren Chem. Anal, 308 The sugar of diabetic urine. 
1845 tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. 1. 66 Diabetic sugar .. is 
identical in its chemical composition with sugar of grapes. 

2. Affected with diabetes. 

1799 Med. ¥rnl. Il. 209 The body of my diabetic patient. 
1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 579 This... explains the re- 
markable vulnerability of the tissues of diabetic persons. 
1880 MacCormac Antisept. Surg. 107 Some. . diseased states 
of the body, the diabetic for instance. 

Jig. 1831 CartyLte Sart. Res. 11. v, Society, long 
pining, diabetic, consumptive, can be regarded as defunct. 

B. sb. One who suffers from diabetes. 

1840 A. Tweepie Libr. Med. IV. 259 Exaggerated notions 
..of the quantity of food which diabetics consume. 1880 
Beare Slight Ailm. 74 Many a diabetic can consume one 
pound. .of rump steak at a sitting. 

Diabetical (daiab7tikal), a. [f. as prec. + -aL.] 
= DIABETIC I. 

1603 Six C. Heypon Yad. Astro? xxi. 458 He was affected 
with the Diabeticall passion. 1625 Harr Anat. Ur. u. ii. 
58 The Diabeticall disease, called by some a Pot-dropsie. 

Diablerie (dija:bléri). Also -ery. fa. F. 
diablerie (dyablarz), in 13th c. deablerie, f. diable 
devil + -erie: see -ERY.] 

1. Business belonging to or connected with the 
devil, or in which the devil is employed or has a 
hand; dealings with the devil ; sorcery or conjur- 
ing in which the devil is supposed to assist; wild 
recklessness, devilry. ; 

175 WARBURTON in Pope’s Wks. (1757) IV. 235 note, The 


DIABLERIST. 


diablerie of witchcraft and purgatory. 1809 0. Rev. Ma 

7 We are no defenders of seeing and diableric, 
x Soutney Omniana 1. 270 The night mare has been 
a fruitful source of miracles and diablery in the Romish 
mythology. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx. 211 Miss 
Eva .. appeared to be fascinated by her wild diablerie, as a 
dove is sometimes charmed bya glittering serpent. 1868 
Geo, Extor Sf, be ed 1. 59 Diablerie that pales the girls 
and puzzles all the boys. 

2. That part of mythology which has to do with 
the devil or devils ; devil-lore; the description or 
representation of devils. 

1824 Scorr St, Ronan's viii, The devil, in the old stories 
of diablerie, was always sure to start up at the elbow of 
any one who nursed diabolical 1837 LockHart 
Scott ix, Erskine showed Lewis Scott's version of ‘ Lenore’ 
and the ‘Wild Huntsman’; and .. mentioned that his 
friend had other specimens of the German Diablerie in his 
portfolio, 1882 ‘I’. Moztey Remin. 1. x. 76 An extraordi- 
nary figure that might have stepped out of a scene of 
German diablerie. 

3. The realm, world, or assemblage of devils. 

1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx. 205 She might have 
fancied that she had ‘got hold of some sooty gnome from 
the land of Diablerie. 1880 W. Leicuton Shaks. Dream 50 
Out of sin’s diablery We arise, the fateful three. 

Diablerist. vonce-wd. [f. prec. + -1sT.] A 
painter or drawer of pictures in which devils are 
represented (called in Fr. déadblertes). 

1859 Eminent Men & Pop. Bk. 72 Caricature after the 
manner of Gilray or the French Diablerists. 

|| Diablotin (dzabloteh). [F. diadlotin, dim. 
of diable devil.) A little devil; an imp. 

1812 Scorr Fam, Lett. 1 Jan. (1894) 1. viii. 237 A whole 
hive of these little diablotins. 1821 — Aens/w. xxiv, The 
little diablotin again thrust in his oar. 1828 Blackw. Mag. 
XXIV. 746 The mischievous diablotin who had cut so 
principal a figure among his tormentors. 

Diabolarch (dai,"bélask), sd. [f. Gr. ddBodos 
devil + -dpyés ruler.] The ruler or prince of the 
devils, the arch-fiend. 

1845 J. Oxtee Three Lett. Archbp. Canterb. & Confut. 
Diabolarchy \, 27 The universal belief not only in the exist- 
ence, but in the pluripresence and prepotency of a Diabo- 
larch, commonly called, The Devil. /é#d. 32 Such an 
antagonist of the Almighty as a Diabolarch or the Devil. 

Diabolarchy (daije-blarki). [fas prec. + 
Gr, -apxia, f. dpxy rule.) ‘The position of a dia- 
bolarch ; the rule of the devil (as ‘prince of the 
powers of the air’). 

1845 J. Oxter Vhree Lett. Archbp. Canterb. & Confut. 
Diabolarchy \. 29, 1 must distinguish between a devil and 
the devil .. as the whole error of the Diabolarchy. /érd. 35 
‘The dogma of a Diabolarchy could have been first revealed 
to the world neither by Moses nor by Christ. 1879 M. D. 
Conway Demonol, II. 1, xix. 212 A great deal might be 
plausibly said for this atmospheric diabolarchy. 

Dia‘bolepsy. vonce-wad. [f. Gr. i:aBodos devil, 
after catalepsy, epilepsy, from Gr. -Anyia = -Anyis 
taking, seizure.] Diabolical seizure or possession. 
So Diabole'ptic, one possessed with a devil. 

1886 H. Mauvstey Nat. Causes 315 Neither theolepsy 
nor diabolepsy nor any other lepsy in the sense of possession 
of the individual by an external power. 

Diaborliad. [f. Gr. diaBodros, L. diabolus devil 
+ -AD 1 ¢, after //iad, and the like.) An epic of 
the devil; a tale of the devil's doings. 

1777 W. Compe (¢/t/e), The Diaboliad, a poem. 1838 
G. cf Faser /nguiry it. v. 339 To believe all the Manichean 
Diaboliads ascribed to the old Paulicians and the later 


Albigenses. 
Diabolic (daiabglik), a. and sé. [a. F. diabo- 


Zigue (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad, L. diadolicus 
(in Vulgate), a. Gr. diaBodArnds, f. 5:aBodos devil.) 

A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to the devil; be- 
longing to, having to do with, or under the influence 
of the devil. 

1399 Lanci. Rich. Redeles 1. 199 Alle deabolik doeris 
dispise hem ichone, 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 
1495) 1. 292a/1 To knowe by what moyen his doughter 
myght ben preserued from this vexacyon dyabolyke. 1533-4 
Act 25 Hen. VIII. c. 12 To vse the said Elizabeth, as 
a diabolike instrument, to stirre, moue, and prouoke the 
people of this realme. a@ 1555 Latimer Serm. §& Rem. (1845) 
290 But not the church which you call catholic, whic! 
sooner might be termed diabolic. 1667 Mitton /. LZ. 1x. 95 
Doubt .. of Diabolic pow'r, Active within beyond the sense 
of brute, 1669 Gate Crt, Gentiles 1. m. i, 13 Suitable to 
many Ecstatic Diabolic Enthusiasts. 1822 Byron Vis. 
Judgment xxxvii, Satan.. merely bent his diabolic_ brow 
An instant. 183r Cartyte Sart. Res. u. vii. A Hell .. 
without Life, though only diabolic Life, were more frightful. 
c 1850 Neate Hymns East. Ch, (1866) 118 Diabolic legions 

ss thee. 187x M. Coxtins Mrg. & Merch. II. i. 48 
Theories .. about lunacy and diabolic possession. . 

b. Pertaining to witchcraft or magic as attri- 
buted to Satanic influence, 

1727 De For Hist. Appar. vi. (1840) 59, 1 have already 

d my gainst all those arts called magical and 
diabolic. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola |, His belief in some 
diabolic fortune favouring Tito. : 

ce. Like or resembling the devil. 

bon again Past § Pr. 11. iii. (1845) 71 A .. more or less 
Diabolic-looking man, 1862 H. Tayior S¢. Clement's Eve 
1. iii, Some I daily met Of as; diabolic. : * 

2. Partaking of the qualities of the devil; devilish, 
fiendish ; inhumanly wicked. d 

1483 Caxton Cato B. ij, Lesyng is a synne dyabolyque. 
so Wate Eng. Votaries 1. AR. Of amos most hellish 
and didbolick frutes, holy S, Paule admonished the R 


| beas Gods, knowing good and evill. 1 


804 
Smect, viii. (1851) 306 He does not play the Soothsayer but 
the diakolice flock of prayers. 187x Mortey Carlyle 
(1878) 193 A diabolic drama of selfishness and violence. 
1876 Gro. Extor Dan. Der. UI. xlvii. 363 No diabolic 
lelight. 
+B. as sb. An agent of the devil. Ods. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xv. 214 Of 
inuocacyons of the deuyll..or of paccyons with hym & with 
his dyabolykes. 1638 Str T. Hervert 7'rav. 215 Witches 
.- Hydro and Pyro-mantiques and other Diaboliques. 

Diabolical (daiibp'likal), a. and sd. [f. as 
prec. + -AL.] 

1. Of or pertaining to the devil ; actuated by or 


proceeding from the devil; of the nature of the | 


devil. 
1503 Hawes ares i Virt. v. 59 Be neuer taken in dyaboly- 
call engyne. 1548 Hatt Chron. 114b, [They] adiudged the 


1 bl. , 


DIABOLOLOGY. 


Diabolism (doijebéliz’m). [f. Gr. d:4Bodr-os 
devil + -1sm: cf. DraBoizE. r 

1. Action in which the devil has, or is supposed 
to have, a share ; dealing with the devil ; sorcery, 
witchcraft. 


~ 1614 Jackson Creed m. xxx. Wks. II. 559 Diabolism or 


pipes | with infernal spirits. 1762 WarsuRTON A 
7race i. xi, The Farce of Diabolisms and E i 
Smepiey Occult Sciences 82 Any com savouring 
diabolism, 1879 Farrar St, Paud (1883)466 Ephesus was 
the head-quarters of diabolism and sorcery. 

2. Action or conduct worthy of the devil; dia- 
bolical or devilish conduct, — 

1681 Baxter Answ. Dodwell Introd. C iij, If you had 
rather, call it Church-Tyranny, Cruelty, or Diabolism, 1683 
E. Hooxer Pref. Ep. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 18 Speculativ 
Infidelitie, pr: icous Atheism, horrid Blasphemies, and all 


same Fe [of Arc] a sorceresse, and a diabolica’ P 

esse of God. 1603 Adv. Don Sebastian in Harl. Misc.(Malh.) 
II. 400 He began to suspect the same apparition to be diabo- 
a merely fantastical. 1651 Hopes Govt. & Soc. xii. § 10. 
175 The most ancient of all diabolicall tentations.. Yee shall 
i 1 — Leviath,w. xvi. 
370 Hee was commonly thought a Magician, and his Art 
Diabolicall. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre’s Stud. Nat. 


(1799) 1. 409 If a God .. governs Nature, diabolical spirits 


direct and confound at least the affairs of the children of 
men. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. i. § 6 (1875) 21 That 
Religion is divine and Science diabolical, is a proposition .. 
— in many a clerical declamation. 

. Resembling a devil in outward appearance. 

1752 Fqote 7aste 1. Wks. 1799 I. 9 Daubing diabolical 
angels for ale-houses. 1839 W. Cuampers Zour Holland 
34/1 An old fantastical-looking dwelling. .literally covered 
with diabolical figures. 

2. Characteristic of or befitting the devil; devilish, 
fiendish, atrociously wicked or malevolent. 

1 Lanctey tr, Pol. Verg. De Invent. vil. vii. 141 b, OF 
al these supersticiouse sectes afore rehersed there is not 
one so diabolical as the sect of Mahometaines. 1664 H. 
More Myst. /nig. iv. 10 This Mystery .. that is so horrid, 
and Diabolical, and so Antipodal to both the Person and 
Spirit of Christ. 1709 Steere & Swirt Zatler No. 68. P 1 
This Malevolence does not proceed from a real Dislike of 
Virtue, but a diabolical Prejudice against it. 1 Govuv. 
Morais in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) I. 321 To collect the 
various papers found in the Bastile, and then .. to write the 
annals of that diabolical castle. 1818 Scott Rod Roy xii, 
I shall never forget the diabolical sneer which writhed 
Rashleigh's wayward features. 1882 B. M. Croxer Proper 
Pride 1. vii. 134 Such diabolical vengeance, uprooting my 
home and estranging my wife. 1884 A. R, PenninGTon 
Wiclif vi. 193 Their so-called poverty is nothing else but 
a diabolical lie. 

+ B. sb. A person possessed by a devil; one of 
diabolical character. Oéds. 

1547 Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) 426 As your naturals 
and diabolicals would have you to do. 1829 SoutHey Sir 
T. More \. 127 That devilish [doctrine] concerning infants, 
which so many divines (more fitly they might te called 
diabolicals !) have repeated after St. Augustine. 

Hence Diabolica‘lity, diabolicalness. 

1839 J. Rocers Antipofopr. Introd. 16 Then we should 
see .. diabolicality .. overwhelm everything good. 

Diabolically (daidbp-likali), adv. ig prec. 
+-LY %.] Ina diabolical manner; devilishly, very 
wickedly or badly, atrociously. 

1599 Life Sir T. More in Wordsworth Eecd. Biog. (1853) 
II. 164 If onlie these odious terms maliciouslie, traiterouslie, 
diabollicallie were put out of the inditement. 1633 Prynne 
Hlistriom. 1. 1. Chorus (R.), So diabolically absurd, so 
audaciously impious, so desperately prophane. 1681 N. N. 
Rome's Follies 37 By’r Lady the Woman grows Diabolli- 
cally Impudent. 1756 Foote Eng. /r. Parts u. Wks. 17 
I. 113 You look divinely, child. But .. they have dress 
you most diabolically. 1853 J. H. Newman /ist. Sk. 
tie, DIL ii, 81 A at ae as diabolically wicked as it was 
wealthy. 

Diabo‘licalness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The 
quality of being diabolical ; devilishness; atrocity. 

1727 Baitey vol. Il, Diadolicalness, devilish Nature. 
a 1800 J. Warton Sat. Ranelagh House, 1 wonder he did 
not change his face as well as his body, but that retains its 
primitive diabolicalness. 2 a i 

Di:aboli-city. nonce-wd. Diabolic quality, 

1865 De Morcan Budget Paradoxes (1872) 294 If the 
Apostolicity become Diabolicity. 

+ Diabo'licly, adv. Obs. rare. [-t¥2.] =D1a- 
BOLICALLY,. 

1683 E. Hooker Pref zy. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 2x 
Sin is. .autoritativly, exemplarily and Diabolicly, in public, 
countenanced. : : 

Diabolifuge. monce-wd. [f. L. diabolus devil 
+-FuGE, L. fugium, after febrifuge.] Something 
that drives away the devil. 

1872 O. W. Hoimes Poet Break/-t. xi. (1885) 279 Odor as 
potent as that of the angel's diabolifuge. 7 

Diabolify (deidbylifsi), v. [f. L. diabolus devil 
sprit trans. To make a devil of; to figure as 
a devil. 

1647 Fartncpon Serm. 59 (L.) The Lutheran [turns] 
against the Calvinist, and diabolifies him. 1813 J. Forsyrit 
#-xcurs. Italy 222 Dante's devils, his Minos and his Charon 
diabolified. ‘ 

Hence Diabolifica‘tion. 

1893 Pall Mall Mag. I. 346/1 Apotheosis is still with us, 
and diabolification (if 1 may coin such a ). , 

Dia‘bolish, adv. nonce-wd. Humorous substi- 
tute for ‘ Devilish’. 

1858 O. W. Hotmes Aut. Breah/.-t. v. (1890) tat The 

u 


in the first chaptre of his Epistle, 1642 Mitton Afod. 


proie gery taper n ope: — Prof. 
Breakf-t, xi. 251 This was a diabolish snobby. question. 


| stimulated 


sry Kena xe Crimea ( VIL. vi. 67 What, in diabolo- 
logy, chun vaemteiitbe tare: ” peers Te 


of bol: 1777 I. Camppece Surv. S./reland 
(1778) 298 A degree of Ectolna, not to be found in the 
human heart. 1826 Gent. Mag. 1. 636/1 The mob are 
harangues to new acts of diabolism. 1884 
J. Parker Afost. Life 111.75 To put an end to their censure, 
their malice, their diabolism of spirit. ‘e 

+b. A doctrine of devils ; a devilish system of 
belief. Ods. 

1608 T. James A fol. Wyclif 66 [He] taught .. [that] there 
was an equalitie of al men, and communion of al things, 
which is pure Anabaptisme, or Diabolisme rather, 

3. Doctrine or system of opinions as to devils ; 
belief in or worship of the devil. 

1660 Fisner Rusticks Alarm Wks. (2679) 557 Delusion, 
Fanaticism, Enthusiasm, Quakerism, Diabolism. 1822 Lams 
— xii. Zo BL cores 114, I do ae oe dia- 

ism is part of your creed. 1874 Woop Nat. Hist. 
Putting ihe the terrors of diabolism, which are angrabied 
in the native African mind. 

4. The character or nature of a devil. 

1754 Fiecpine F. Wild 1.i, Only enough [goodness] to make 
him partaker of the imperfection of humanity, instead of the 
perfection of diabolism. 1 T. Hartiey Pref. Sweden- 
borg’s Heav. & H. (1851) 48 Now the very idea of diabolism 
carries in it a repugnance and hatred to God and goodness. 
1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIII. 770 The brutal vulgar ruffian, 
who makes as close an approach to pure diabolism as the 
imperfect faculties of human nature will permit. 

bolist (doi,x'bélist). (mod. f. as prec. 
+ -1sT.] A professor or teacher of diabolism ; 
a writer who deals with diablerie. 

1895 IWestmin. Gaz. 8 Mar. 2/1 These. .are written under. 
the inspiration of the French school of Diabolists. That 
school..is possessed with ideas of black magic, spirits of 
evil, devils become incarnate, and numerous other night- 
mares of corruption. . 

Diabolize (daijex"beleiz), v.  [f. Gr. diéBoros 
devil + -1zz. (Du Cange has diaboltzare = damont- 
sare for Gr. Bapovifec@ar to be possessed by a 
demon or ‘ devil ’.)] 

1. “rans. To make a devil of, turn into a devil; 
to make like the devil ; to render diabolical. 

1702 C. Matner Magn. Chr. u. App. (1852) 216 The mixt 
cart bene ont ag ich hitherto diabolized them. a1711 
Ken Hynms Festiv. Poet. Wks. 1721 1. 296 The jealous 
Fears which T ts seize Diabolize them by degrees, 
Cornh, Mag. Sept. 268 The devil, only less than archan; 
ruined, retaining much of his former beauty, and almost all 
his former power, though now diabolised. 1890 Chicago 
Advance 24 July, Manufacturing rum to ., de’ and 
diabolize the .. natives of Africa, 

2. To represent or figure as diabolical. 

a = O. W. Hoimes Yonathan Edwards in Pages fr. Old 
Vol. Life 400 It is a less violence to our nature to deify 
pop than it is to diabolize the Deity. 

3. To subject to diabolical influence. 

1823 [see Dianotizev below). 1860 O. W. Hotmes Prof 
Breakf-t. viii, 170 There were two things .. that diabolized 
my imagination,—I mean, that gave me a distinct apprehen- 
sion of a formidable bodily shape. 

Hence Dia*bolized . @.; Diaboliza‘tion, 
the action of diabolizing, or representing as a 
devil. 

1823 Bentrnam Not Pan? 319 A man in his sou 
counterfeiting a diabolized man or a madman, 1879 M. D, 

nway Demonol, Il. 1v. xi. 120 The diabolisation of 
a (the fallen star) was through her daughter 
ecate. 

Diaboloveracy, nonce-wd. [see -cnacy.] Go- 
vernment by the devil. 

1814 Sourney in Q. Kev. XIL. 195 Bruce has marked out 
a certain part of Africa as the dominion of the Devil, be- 
be Bae the people there are actually under a — 
of diabolocracy, as much as the Jews were under a divi 
governmen| 


t. 
+ Dia*bologue. Obs. nonce-wd. A discussion or 
dialogue of devils. 
(1885) 260 These dialogues, 
bologues. 


a@1713 E.twoop Aut 
shall I call them, or rather dial s 

Dia (daiabp'lédzi). [euphonic abbre- 
viation of Jology: see next.] The doctrine of 
the devil; devil-lore. Hence Diabolo'gical a. — 

a Uroqunart Radelais 11. xxiii. 191 To speak in the 
true Diabological Sense. /d7d. 192 According to the Doc- 
trine of the said Diabology [some edd, dial Bee 
O. W. Hotmes Med. Ess. (1891) 355 Remember the theology 
and the diabology of the 

f, Gr. 5d Bodos 


Diapolology (dai:ibglp"l5dzi). 
devil + -Locy, Gr. -Aoyia speech, also prec.) 
The doctrine of the devil as a branch of science or 


study; devil-lore. 


DIABOLONIAN. 


Diabolonian (doi:ibglowniin), a. and sd. [f. 
L. diabolus, in imitation of such forms as Bady- 
lonian, Thessalonian.] Bunyan’s name in the 
Holy War for: One of the host of Diabolus (the 
Devil) in his assault upon Mansoul ; also, as adj, 
Of the party of Diabolus or the Devil. 

1682 Bunyan Holy War Ded., When the Diabolonians 
were caught. Spurcron 7veas. Dav. Ps. xix. 9 Till 
.. every corner of the town of Mansoul is clean rid of 
the Diabolonians who lurk therein. 1894 EGGLEsTon in 
Harper's Mag. Feb. 469/1 Vile diabolonians all of them. 

|| Diabro’sis. Med. Obs. [a. Gr. &éBpwors, f. 
bd through + BpGors eating, f. BiBpwoxew to eat.] 
Corrosion, ulceration. 

1706 in Puitirs (ed. Kersey). 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Diabro'tic, a.and sb. Ods. [ad. Gr. 5:aBpw- 
tuxés able to eat through, corrosive ; f. as prec.] 

A. adj. Corrosive. B. sb. A corrosive agent. 


rags in Asx ees 
iacalorimeter (doiakeeléri‘métar). [f. Gr. dua 
through + CALORIMETER.] An_ instrument to 
measure the resistance which liquids offer to the 
passage of heat. 

1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens, 151. 

Diacanthous (doiakenpas), a. Bot. [f. Di-2 
+ Gr. dxav@a thorn.] Having two spines. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacanthous..in Botany, having two 
spines under each leaf. 

+ Diacathoclicon. Ods. [So in OF. (Cotgr.) 
and med.L., repr. Gr. a «aodAueGy composed of 
general or universal (ingredients).] Old term fora 
laxative electuary ; so called from its manifold com- 
position, or, according to some, from its general 
usefulness ; hence, a universal remedy or appliance. 

As prescribed by Nicolaus, it was made of senna leaves, 
pulp of cassia and tamarinds, roots of male fern, rhubarb, 
and liquorice, aniseed, sweet fennel, and sugar. (Quincy.) 

1562 in Butteyn Bk, Simples (Blount). 162x Burton 
Anat, Mel. t. iv. u. iii. (1676) 237/2 Solid purgers are .. 
Diacatholicon, Weckers Electuarie de geo ag .of which 
divers receipts are daily made, 1656 BLount Glossogr.., 
Diacatholicon. .so called because it serves as a gentle purge 
for all humours, ag, Physical Dict. 1665 J. Witson 
Projectors 1. Dram. Wks. (1874) 226 Certainly nature and 
art ..could not produce such another diacatholicon that 
shall equally serve to all purposes,—roast, bake, boil. 

|| Diacausis (doiikd'sis). AZed. [Gr. didxavors 
burning heat : cf. next.] 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacausis .. excessive, intense heat 
of body. 

Diacaustic (deiikd:stik), a. and sé. [f. Gr. 
8:4 through, across + xavorixés burning, f. «aie to 
burn. Cf. F. déacaustigue.] 

A. adj. 

1. Math. Of a surface or curve: Formed by the 
intersection of refracted rays of light. (Opp. to 
catacaustic: see CAUSTIC a. 3.) 

1704 J. Harris Lea. Techn. Pref. Aiij, The Nature and 
Properties of Catacaustick and Diacaustick Figures. 1727- 
51 Cuampers Cycl., Diacaustic Curve, orCaustic by pa 8 
tion .. the carve line, which touches all the refracted rays, 
is called the dtacaustic. 1868 Chambers’ Encycé, U1. 693/1 
When the caustic curve is ,. formed by refraction, it is called 
the Diacaustic Curve. 

+2. Med. ‘¥ormerly applied to a doublé convex 
lens or burning glass, such having been used to 
caaterize parts’ (Mayne, Zxp. Lex. 1851-60). Ods. 

B. sb. 1. Math. A diacaustic curve or surface ; 
°a caustic by refraction. 

1727-51 CuamBeErs Cyc/, s.v. Caustics, Caustics are divided 
into catacaustics, and diacaustics. 1841 Penny Cycl. X1X. 
356 The caustics formed by the continued intersections of 
refracted rays emanating from a luminous point, are called 
diacaustics. 1869 Tynpaut Wotes Lect. Light § 166 Spheri- 
cal lenses have their caustic curves and surfaces (diacaustics) 
formed by the intersection of the refracted rays. 

+2. Med. A double convex lens used to cau- 
terize. Ods. 

Diacenous (doije's‘nas), a. [f. Gr. didxev-os 
quite empty or hollow (Dra-1) + -ous.] (See quot.) 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacenous..porous, like a sponge or 
pumice stone. rk i 

Di-a'cetamide, Chem. See Di-? 2 arid Acrr- 
AMIDE, 

1866 E. Franktanp Lect. Notes for Chem. Stud. 373. 

Dia‘cetate. Chem. [f. Di-2 2+Acrratr.] A 
salt with two equivalents of acetic acid (or its 
radical acetyl, C,H;0), as diacetate of ethylene 
(Cy Hy)”-Acy-Og. So Diacertic a. 

1825 Tuomson First Princ. Chem, 11. 373 Diacetate of 
lead. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. I. 121 A diacetate or 
compound of 2 atoms of base with 1 atom of acid. 7 
Watts Dict. Chem. 1. 24 The diacetates are produ y 


the action of acetate of silver on the chlorides, bromides, . 
. . ERIE A] 


or iodides of the al x 
Hartey Jat. Med. 133 Acetate and diacetate of lead. 

Diacetin (daije'sitin). Chem. [f. D1-22.] Di- 
acetic glycerin ; a liquid with a biting taste, formed 
by the action of acetic acid upon glycerin, so that 
two of the three hydrogen atoms are replaced by 
acetyl. See AcrrIn. 

1855 Warts tr. Gmelin's Chem. 1X. 426. 1866 E. FRank- 
Land Lect. Notes for Chem. Stud. 362 Acetic salts of a 
triacid alcohol :—Monacetin, Diacetin, Triacetin, 

Vor, III. + 


805 


Also Di-a‘cetonami:ne Chem. See Di-2 and 
ACETONAMINE, Diaceto-nic a. Chem. See Di-* 
+Acertonic. In diacetonic alcohol, a syrupy liquid 
2(CH,) C(OH)-CH,-CO-CHsg, obtained by the 
action of potassium nitrite on diacetonamine. 

Dia‘cetyl. Chem. See Dr-* 2, and Aceryt. 

1872 Watts Dict. Chem. V1. 30 [He] has obtained a colour- 
less pungent liquid, which is probably free acetyl or diacetyl 
(CoH30)2, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacetyl carbamide 
CO(NH.C2H30)2, a product of the action of carbonyl- 
chloride on urea at 50° & 3 it crystallises from hot alcohol in 
rhombic needles. | , f 

|| Diachenium (deiik7nivm). Bot. [mod. 
L., f. Di-2 + L. achenium ACHENE.] A ‘fruit’ or 
seed-vessel consisting of two mericarps resembling 
achenes ; = CREMOCARP. 

1870 BenTLEY Bot. 313 Each portion of the fruit resembles 
the achznium, except in being inferior, hence the name di- 
achenium has been given to this fruit. , 

|| Diacha‘lasis. Sz7g. Obs. [a. Gr. diaxa- 
Aaats, f. biaxaddev to cause to open or gape.] (See 
quots.) Hence + Diachala‘stic a. Ods. 

1751 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Diachalasis, in the medi- 
cinal works of the antients, a term used to express a solu- 
tion of continuity in the bones of the cranium at the sutures. 
1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Diachalasis ..a former term 
for the separation or opening of the cranial sutures. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diachalastic, relating to a Diachalasis. 

|| Diachore'sis. J/ed. Obs. [Gr. d:axwpyos 
excretion.] (See quot.) Hence Diachore'tic a. 


| 


1706 Puriutrs (ed. Kersey), Déachoresis, the act or faculty of | 


voiding excrements. 1721 in Battey. 1883 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Diachoretic .. promoting the excretion of feces; 
laxative. . 

Diachronie (doiakrgnik), a. ronce-wd.  [f. Gr. 
6a throughout, during + xpdv-os time + -IC.] 
Lasting through time, or during the existing period. 

1857 GossE Creation 87 The two creations—the extinct and 
the extant— or rather the prochronic and the diachronic — 
here unite. i ; 7 : 

Diachylon, -lum (doi,e"kilgn, -l5m), diacu- 
lum (doijzkilim). Forms: a, 4-6 diaquilon, 
7- diachylon, 8-diachylum (gdiaclum) ; B. 4-9 
diaculon, 6 dyaculome, 5- diaculum. [a.med.L. 
diachylum, diaculon, and OF. diaculon (14th c.), 
diaquilon, dyachilon, diachilon (Paré, 16th c.), L. 
diachylon (Celsius), repr. Gr. ud ybA@v (a medica- 
ment) composed of juices; cf. also Gr. 5:axtAos 
very juicy, succulent. The pronunciation with 
shortened penult comes through Fr. and med.L.] 

Originally, the name of a kind of ointment com- 
posed of vegetable juices; now a common name for 
lead-plaster, emplastrum plumbi,an adhesive plaster 
made by boiling together litharge (lead oxide), 
olive oil, and water; prepared on sheets of linen 
as a sticking-plaster which adheres when heated. 

a, 1313 in Wardr. Acc. Edw, 11 20/15 Diaquilon 1b. tod. 
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 238 Diaquilon maad of litarge 
and oile and juys of mustard seed. 1541 R. CopLanp Guy- 
don's Formul, Sjb, Diaquilon of Rasis. 1660 Boye New 
Exp. Phys. Mech. Proem 8 The Common Plaister call'd 
Diachylon. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Plaister, Let 
the Grease be first well melted, add the Diachylum and 
Wax to it. 1786 Phil. Trans. LXXVI. 156 I took some 
diachylum which had been bought at Apothecaries Hall. 
1797 Burke Regic. Peace iii, Wks. VIII. 272 Half a yard 
square of balmy diplomatick diachylon, 1836 MArryat 

‘aphet i. 4 Did a bull gore a man, Mr. Cophagus appeared 
with his diachylon and lint. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy iv, 
Your sympathy is better than diachylon to my wounds. 

B. 13221n Wardr. Acc. Edw. IT 23/20 Dyaculon 4d. per lb. 
bg ALSGR. 729 Splette this dyaculome upon a lynen 
clothe. 1541 R. Coptanp Guydon's Formul. Y ij b, Em- 
playster the place with diaculum. 1671 SHADWELL /umour- 
zst 1, To set up with Sixpenny-worth of Diaculum. 1821 
Praep Gog Poems (1866) I. 92 Diaculum, my story says, Was 
not invented in those days. @1839 /éid. (1864) I. 35 The skin 
was rubbed from off her thumb, And she had no Diaculum, 
1836 Gen. P. THompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 92 Will.. your 
druggists sell more rhubarb and diaculon ? 

b. Comb., as diachylum-plaster. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 249/2 Applye as 
then theron a Diaquilon playster. 1676 I, Conters in PAiZ. 
Trans. X1. 718 The ends ..I closed up with Diachylon 
Plaster. a@1692 Mountrorp Faustus 1. ad fin., I .: de- 
vour’d Three Yards of Diaculum Plaister instead of Pancake. 
Eig fea Let. to Miss C. Rutherford 5 Sept. in Lockhart, 

o hint the convenience of a roll of diaculum plaister. 

+Diachyma. Zor. Obs. [f. Gr. da- through + 
xv¥pa that which is poured out, liquid: cf. diay é-ew 
to diffuse, ete.] ‘A synonym of PARENCHYMA, 
especially such as occupies the space between two 
surfaces, as in a leaf’. Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

1866 Treas. Bot. 397 Diachyma, the green cellular matter 
of leaves, i 4 

Diacid (doij;'sid), a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2+ Act, 
on the analogy of Disasio,] Capable of combin- 
ing with two acid radicals. 

Diacid alcohol, a di: ic al ining two hydroxyl 
groups both replaceable Le acid radical. Thus ethene 
alcohol or glycol C2 Hy (OH) is diacid, and when acted on 
by acetic acid may form either a mono-acetate or a di-acetate, 

1866 E. FranKLAND Lect, Notes for Chem. Stud. 244 The 
monad radicals give monacid alcohols, the dyad radicals 
diacid alcohols. 1877 Warts Fownes’ Chem. 166 In the di- 
acid glycol ethers, the two radicles by which the hydrogen 
is replaced may belong either to the same or to different 
acids. 1883 C. L. Broxam Chem. (ed. 5) 546 The diamines 


hol 


DIACONICON. 


.-are capable of combining with 2 molecules of hydrochloric 
or any similar acid, which is implied by stating that they 
are diacid. : 

|| Dia‘clasis. [a. Gr. diaxdraois f. diakddev 
to break in twain.] (See quots.) 

1730-6 Baitey (folio), Diaclasis, a fracture. 1883 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Diaclasis, refraction of light rays. 

Hence Diacla‘stic a. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diaclastic .. relating to Diaclasia [a 
method of amputation], or to Diaclasis. 

Diaclasite (doi klasoit). An. [f. Ger. dia- 
klas (Breithaupt, 1823), f. Gr. daxAaev to break 
through or asunder; on account of its easy cleavage. ] 
A bisilicate of iron and magnesium; a brassy 
yellow or greenish grey mineral of the pyroxene 
group, orthorhombic in crystallization. 

1850 Dana Min. 268. > < 

+ Diracle. Sc. Obs. [? related to DIAL; the -cle 
appears to be as in receptacle, spiracle, and other 
reprs. of L. instrumental -cee/m,as in gubernaculum 
rudder.] A small portable dial or compass; 
a pocket-dial. 

1488 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. 1. 83 A fare diacle. 1612 
Rates & Customs Scot. in Halyburton’s Ledger (Scot. Rec. 
Ser. 1867) 297 Diacles of wode, the dozen, xijs ; of bone, the 
dozen, xlviijs. 1794 Scot. Agric. Surv., Shetland 87 \Jam.), 
Every boat carries one compass at least, provincially a 
diacle, é ; : 

|| Diacodium ((loiakdu-didm). Oés. Also 6 
diacodion, 8-9 diacode. [med. and mod.L. dia- 
codion, -codium, in ancient L. d7acédion, from Gr. 
did kwSer@y (a preparation) made from poppy-heads: 
see Dra-%, Cf. also French diacodion (16th c.), 
diacodium (17-18th c.), diacode (adm. by Academy 
1762); the last is of rare use in English. So It. 
dtacodione (Florio 1599), now diacod?o.] 

A syrup prepared from poppy-heads, used chiefly 
as an opiate. 

1564-78 Butteyn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 51 Drinke your 
Diacodion at night to reconcile slepe again. 1681 tr. 
Willis’ Rem, Med. Wks. Vocab., Diacodium, a syrup to 
procure sleep, made off the tops of poppy. 1695 Concrevi 
Love for L. ut, xiii, You had best take a little Diacodion 
and Cowslip-Water. 1817 W. ‘Taytor in A/onthly Alag. 
XLIV. 313 His favourite medicine was a diacodium, con- 
sisting of opium administered in honey. 1820 Blachkww, Mag. 
VII. 328 [It] puts one to sleep more effectually than a double 
dose of diacodium. 1829 J. Vocno tr. Edwards’ & Vavas- 
seur’s Mater. Med. 323 Calming Mixture. .Diacode Syrup. 

Hence + Diaco‘diate s.: cf. opiate. Obs. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Conpit. xiv. 488 We may some- 
times use Diacodiates if the Patients strength hold out. 

|| Diaceelosis (doi:as7lousis). Biol. [f. Gr. dia- 
(Dra- 1) + xofAwais hollow, belly.] The separation 
of the ccelome or body-cavity into several sinuses 
in some Vermes, as leeches. 

1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 579. lbid. 630 
The coelome is much restricted by a growth of connective 
tissue, which splits it up into sinuses and channels, a process 
termed dfacoelosis. 

Diacon, -e, obs«forms of Dracon. 

Diaconal (daijekonal), a. [ad. late L. dd- 
conil-ts, f. dtaconus Deacon: cf. F. diaconad (14th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] Of or belonging to a deacon 

in various senses of the word). 

1611 Corer., Déaconal, Diaconall; of, or belonging to a 
deacon, 1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1725 tr. Dupin's Eccl. 
Hist. 17th C. 1. v. 176 The Matter of the Diaconal Ordin- 
ation. 1863 J. M. Luptow Svsterhoods in Gd. Words 494 
A large development..of what I may call the natural dia- 
conal functions of women, 1866 F'. G. Ler Direct. Angi, 
(ed. 3) 3 Being about to execute a diaconal function. 

Diaconate (daijekinct), sd. [ad. late L. dzd- 
conat-us, f£. diaconus DEACON: see -ATE], Cf. F, 
dtaconat.} 

1. The office or rank of deacon. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Deaconry, Diaconate, the order 
or ministry of a deacon or deaconess. [Not in Johnson, 

fodd, Richardson, Webster 1828, Craig 1847.] | a 1846 
Worcester cites Lelectic Rev. 1849 (¢7t/e) The Diaconate 
and the Poor, 18s2 ConypearE & H. St, Paul (1862) I. 
xiii. 408 If..we explain these intimations by what we know 
of the Diaconate in the succeeding century. 1884 D. Hunter 
tr. Reuss’s Hist. Canon iii. 34 A vocation quite as special 
as that of the apostleship or the diaconate. _ 

2. The time during which any one is a deacon. 

1880 Sunday School Times 3 Apr. 212 During his diaconate 
the Rev. Thos, Gaulandet was assistant to Dr. Pierce, 1891 
E, W. Gosst Gossip in Library v. 59 The English divines 
..were accustomed to stupendous efforts of endurance from 
their very diaconate. 

3. A body of deacons. 

1891 SrouGHTON in Wes/. Meth. Mag. May 347 A depu- 
tation from our diaconate called upon 

+ Dia‘conate, a. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. L. dia- 
con-us DEACON + -ATE2,] Having, or managed 
by, deacons. < 

@ 1679 T. Goopwin Wks. IV. tv. 189 (R.), This one great 
diaconate church (as we may, in a parallel allusion, to that 
other name of presbyterial, call it). 

Diaconess, -isse, obs. forms of DEACONESS, 

|| Diacosnicon, Also in Lat. form diaconi- 
cum. ([Gr. dd«ouxdv, neut. adj. pertaining to 
a deacon, f. diaxovos a servant, a Deacon.] cel. 
Antig. and Mod. Gk. Ch. A building or room 
adjoining the church, where vestments, ornaments, 

: 39 


DIACONIZE. 


and other things used in the church service are 
kept ; a sacristy, a vestry. 

1 Cuampers Cycl., Diaconicon, Sacristy, a place 
adjoining to the antient churches, where the vest- 
ments, with the vessels, and other ornaments of the altar, 
were preserved. 1794 Archzol. XI. 331 Thus, among the 
Greeks, is always placed the sacristy, or diaconicon. 1850 
Neate East. Ch. 1.1. ii. 191 On the opposite side of the bema 
was the diaconicon or sacristy. 1876 in Gwity Encyci. 
Archit, Gloss. s. v. x 

+ Dia‘conize, v. Oss. [f. Gr. dudnovos, L. dia- 
conus DEACON + -1ZzE. Cf. F. diaconiser ‘ con- 
férer le diaconat.’] znfr. To act as deacon; to 
minister. 

1644 Butwer Chiron. 130 The Left Hand .. in the more 
accomplish’d and plenary exhibition of this sacred rite 
[benediction] hath oft Diaconiz’d unto the <; 

Dia‘cony. 0¢s. rare. [ad. med.L. diaconia, 
a. Gr. diaxovia office, etc. of a deacon. Cf. F. 
diaconie ‘a deaconrie, the place of a deacon’ 

(Cotgr.).] The place or office of a deacon. 

1636 Asp. J. Witttams ‘oly Tadle (1637) 79 The very 
Altar it self.. hath been termed, in the ancient Councells, 
The Diaconie, as a place belonging (next after the Bishop) 
to the care and custodie of the Deacon only. 

|| Diacope (dai, kop). [a. Gr. d:axom7 cleft, 
gash, f. diaxémr-ev to cut through.] 

+1. Gram. and Rhet. ‘A figure by which two 
words that naturally stand together, especially two 
parts of a compound word, are separated by the 
intervention of another word; tmesis’ (Webster 
1864). Obs. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 83 Tmesis or Dia- 
cope, a division of a word cee into two parts, as, 
What might be so ever. .for, whatsoever might be, &c. 1678 
Puituirs (ed. 4), Diastole, this figure is otherwise called 
Diacope, and by Ruffinianus by a Latin term Separatio. 

2. Surg. (See quots.) 

1706 Puittips (ed. Kersey), Diacope, a Cutting or dividing 
asunder, a deep Wound, especially one made in the Scull by 
a sharp Instrument. 1851-60 in Mave Expos. Lex. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacopfe, a cut, incision, fissure, or longi- 
tudinal fracture. It generally signifies an oblique incision 
made in the cranium by a sharp instrument, without the 
piece being removed. 

Diacoustic (daidkaustik), a. [f. Di-3 + 
Acoustic a.] Pertaining to diacoustics. 

1775 in Asn: and in mod. Dicts. 

Diacoustics (daiikau'stiks), [mod. f. Di-3 
+ Acoustics: in F. dtacoustigue. Cf. Droprrics.] 
A name for the science of refracted sounds. Also 
termed dtaphonics. 

1683 Phil. Trans. XIV. 473 Hearing may be divided into 
direct, refracted and reflex'd .. which are yet nameless un- 
less we call them Acousticks, Diacousticks and Catacou- 
sticks. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Diacousticks or Dia- 
phonicks is the consideration of the properties of Refracted 
sound, as it passes through different mediums. 1803 
Cavatto Nat. Philos. Il. 309 Diacoustics, viz. of refractec 
sound, 

Diacrante‘ric, 2. Ava/. [f. Gr. i through, 
apart + xpavtipes the wisdom teeth + -1c.] 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacranteric, a term applied to 
describe the dentition of those snakes in which the posterior 
teeth are separated by longer intervals than the anterior. 

So Diacrante‘rian a., in same sense. 

in Cent. Dict. 

ll ‘cre. Obs. rare. In 6 dyacre. [a. F. 
diacre for OF. dtacne, ad, L, di@conus.| A deacon. 

1523 Lp. Berners /voiss. I. ccccxlii. 779 There came ..a 
byshop, a dyacre, and two knightes. 

|| Dia‘crisis. Med. [mod.L. déacrisis, a. Gr. 
Saxpiors, f. Braxplvey to separate; spec. to mark a 
crisis in a fever. Cf. F. diacrise.] a. ‘A term for 
the act of separation or secretion.’ b. ‘A critical 
evacuation.” @. = DiaGnosis. Hence Diacri- 
sio‘graphy, ‘a description of the organs of secre- 
tion’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. v1. 200 The Fermentation 
causes such a diacrisis..in the mass of bloud., 1706 Puittirs 
(ed, Kersey), Diacrisis, a separating, severing or dividing; 
the Faculty of discerning, Judgment. In the Art of Physick, 
a judging of and distinguishing Di with their respe 
tive Symptoms. 1721 in Baitey. 1851-60 Mayne Expos. 
Lex., Diacrisis .. synonymous with Diagnosis, which is the 
term generally used. 

Diacritic (doiikristik), a. and sd. [ad. Gr. 
S:axpirixds, that separates or distinguishes, f. d:a- 
xpivew to separate. In mod.F. diacritique.] 

A. adj. Serving to distinguish, distinctive ; spec. 
in Gram. applied to signs or marks used to dis- 
tinguish different sounds or values of the same letter 
or character; e.g. é, é, @, &, é, &, &,¢, etc. 

[x62 Gate Crt. Gentiles 111. 87 Plato in his Repub. 9. makes 
a Phil 


josopher to be dpyavoy dcaxpurexéy, a diacritic or ver 
critic instrument.] 1699 Watts fo Bf. Lloyd in Nicolson's 
Epist. Corr. 1. 123 (T.), The Arabick 4a or cha—distin- 
guished only by the diatritick points. 1875 T. Hitt 7'rne 
Ord.Studies 106 Printed with diacritic signs, 1892 Nation 
(N.Y.) at July 49/2 Printing ‘hi snds’..‘ brét,’ ‘twilit,’ 

éarlier,’ and other diacritic novelties, 
sb. Gram, A diacritic sign or mark. 


1866 A. J. Exrtis On Paleotype in Trans. Phil. Soc. 1867 
App. I. 6 Lepsius’s Standard Alphabet in which. .as many 
as two or three diacritics are ied to a single body. 1877 


Sweet Phonetics 174 Even letters with accents and dia- 


critics. . being only cast for a few founts, act practically as 


306 


new letters. did. 175 We may consider the / in sk and ¢h 
prey bd as a diacritic written for convenience on a line with 
the letter it modifies. 1888 Atheneum 1 Sept. 287/1 A system 
_— requires several new types and makes constant use of 

a eee agg Sie comias 

Diacritical (daiikritikal), a. 
-AL.] 

1. Gram. =Du1acriti¢ a. 

1749 B. Martin (ithe), Lingua Britannica Reformata: or 
a universal English Dictior - Univ ty ical, 
Orthographical, Orthoepicat, Diacritical. 1758 Jounson 
Dict. Gram. Eng. Tongue, From fin the Islandick alphabet, 
vis only distinguished by a diacritical point. 1840 MaLcom 
Trav. 42/1 [In Siamese] there are thirty-four consonants .. 
and twelve vowels, with several diacritical marks. 1867 
A. J. Eris £. £. Pronunc, 1. i. 21 In quite recent day: 
the innovation of diacritical signs arose as in French | 

erman,. on ; 

b. gen. Distinguishing, distinctive. 

1857 Bircu Axnc. Pottery (1858) II. 343 The diacritical 
marks of this ware are a paste of red coralline colour, [etc.] 

ce. “Electr. (See quot.) 

1884 S. P. THomrson Dynamo-Electr. Mach. (1888) 307 
This number of ampére-turns he named the diacritical 
number ; and the current producing half-saturation he called 
the diacritical current. 


[f. as prec. + 


2. Capable, or showing a capacity, of distinguish- . 


ing or discerning. 

1856 ALEXANDER Life Dr. Wardlaw xix. 477 His intellect 
was eminently dialectic and diacritical. 1865 Atheneum 
24 June 837/2 Where is his diacritical power ? 

Hence Diacri‘tically a/v. 

1820 Blackw. Mag. V1. 198 Masoretically print it, dia- 
critically compose it. : 

Diactinic (daiekti‘nik),a. Optics. [f. D1-3= 
Dia-1 + Gr. deriv. a ray + -1¢.] Having the 
property of transmitting the actinic rays of light. 

1867 W. A. Mitter Elemen. Chem. 1. (ed. 4) 230 Rock-salt, 
fluor-spar, water..are almost as diactinic..as quartz, 1880 
19th Cent. Mar. 529 Substances which are chemically trans- 
parent are said to be diactinic. 1880 Atheneum 11 Dec. 
781/3 Experiments which prove the diactinic character of 
substances constructed on an open chain of carbon com- 
pounds. 

So Dia‘ctinism, ‘the condition of transparency 
for chemical or actinic rays’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 
Diaculum, a popular variant of DiacHyLum. 

Diad, obs. form of Dyan, 

Diadelph (doi-idelf). Bot. rare—9. [f. next ; 
cf. didynam] A plant of the class Diadelphia, 

1828 in WessterR ; whence in later Dicts. 

|| Diadelphia (doiddelfia). Bot. [mod.L. 
(Linnzeus 1735) f. Gr. &-, D1- 2 + a5eAgpds brother + 
-1A.] The seventeenth class in the Linnzean Sexual 
system, including plants with stamens normally 
united in two bundles. Hence Diade‘lphian a. 

1762 Hupson Flora Anglica, Diadelphia. 1794 MARTYN 
Roussean's Bot. ix. 93 In the seventeenth class diadelphia, 
the filaments are united at bottom. 1828 Wesstrer, Déa- 
delphian, 1857 Henrrey Bot. ii. § 385 The Class Diadelphia 
includes a large number of Papilionaceous genera. 

Diadelphiec (doiadelfik), a. [f. as prec. + -1¢.] 
a. Bot, =DIapELPHOUs. b. Chem. Of a com- 
pound: Having the elements combined in two 
groups. 

1847 Craic, Diadelphic, pertaining to the class Dia- 
delphia. 1866 E. Frankcanp Lect. Notes for Chem. Stud. 
201 Non-nitrogenous organic compounds .. 1. The mon- 
adelphic, or marsh-gas type. 2. The diadelphic, or methyl 


ty 

Diadelphous (daiadelfas), a. Bot, [f. as 
prec. +-ous.] Of stamens: United by the fila- 
ments so as to form two bundles. Of plants: 
Having the stamens so united. 

1807 J. E. Smrtu Phys. Bot. 442 The plants of this section 
are really not diadelphous but monadelphous, 1870 BentLey 
Bot. (1882) 248 When the filaments unite so as to form two 
bundles, the stamens are termed diadelphous, as in the Pea, 
Milkwort and Fumitory. 

Diadem (daividem), %. [a. F. dyademe (13th 
c.in Godef.), mod.F. diad?me, ad. L. diadéma, Gr. 
5d5nya band or fillet, esp. the regal fillet of Persian 
kings, adopted by Alexander of Macedon and his 
successors; f. diadéerv to bind round, f. da- across, 
through + 5éey to bind.] 

1. A crown; an ornamental cincture or covering 
for the head, worn as a symbol of honour, esf. of 
royal dignity. (In quot. 1290, applied to the 
aureola or crown of a martyr. Now chiefly foetic 
and rhetorical.) 

e12ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 167/2125 Al round it orn a-boute is 
heued, ase it werea dyademe, 1382 Wyctir Kev, xii. 3 And 
lo! a greet reed drag hauynge heedes .. and in 
the heedis of him seuen diademes. 1415 Hoccieve Jo Sir 
¥. Oldcastle 232 O Constantyn. .O cristen Emperour.. Wel 
was byset on thee thy diadeeme ! 1513 More in Grafton 
Chron. (1568) 11. 807 In habite royall with Scepter in hande 
and Diademe on his head. 1602 Suaks. //am, ul. iv. 100 
A vice of kings .. That from a shelfe, the precious Diadem 
stole, And put it in his Pocket. 17853 Witkins Bhagvat 69, 
I wish to behold thee with the diadem on thy head. a x 
aren Poems (1864) U1. 433 Many a gem Fit for a Sultan's 


em. 

b. spec. A band or fillet of cloth, plain or adorned 
with jewels, worn round the head, originally by 
Oriental monarchs, as a badge of Ity. (The 
original sense of the word in Gr, and L,) 


DIADOCHE. 


Nortu Plutarch (1612) $f Ba had sent ing 
leme or royall band and called the name and 
of Queene. Cow: 
Notes, Diadems (which were used the 
peeve ney rears -.-were Bindi 
about the Head, set adorn’d with precious stones. 
Greson reek Ses I, 388 Diocletian .. d to 
the diadem .. It set 
with Is, which encircled the emperor's head. 1882 Farrar 
Early Chr. 11. 226 note, A diadem .. this badge of Oriental 
autocracy—a purple silken fillet embroideved with 

e. A wreath of leaves or flowers worn round 
the head. 

1530 Patscr. 213/2 Diademe of laurell, Zaureole. 1883 
Alyra's Frnl. Aug., Diad of ge-fil have been 
more worn lately. 

da. Her. (See quots.) 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Diadem, in , is i 
to certain circles, or rims, serving to bind or inclose the 
crowns of sovereign princes; and to bear the globe, and 
cross, or the flower-de-luces, for their crest. 1787 Porny 
Elem. Heraldry Gloss., Diadem ..is now en 
to signify the Circles, which close on the top of the WS 
of Sovereigns, and support the Mound. : 

2. fig. The authority or dignity symbolized by 
a diadem ; royal or imperial dignity, sovereignty ; 
= Crown sé. 3. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 22357 (Cott.) Pan sal he fare to iursalem 
.. and yeild up bare his diademe. a 1400-50 Alexander 
3240 Don agayne pe dignite, be diademe of Pers, And all pe 
ri3tis of pi rewme resayue as before. 1548 Hatt Chron. 224 
That the Erle of Richemond, should once attein to the 
Crowne and diademe of the realme. 1602 Futpecke Pan- 
dectes 10 Such things can not be seuered from the princely 
Diadem, 1789 Betsuam E&ss. I. xviii. 348 A diadem could 
not .. raise the personal character of the Protector. 1821 
Byron Mar. Fal. 1. ii. 173 Old Dandolo Refused the diadem 
of all the Czsars. 

3. fig. A distinction or adornment conferring glory 
or dignity, figured as a crown. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 7 b, They shall receyue 
of the hande of god the crowne of glory and diademe of 
honour. 1605 Campen Rem. 3 One of the fairest .. Plumes 
in the triumphant Diademe of the Roman Empire. 1825 
J. Neat Bro. Fonathan 111. 370 The name of Yankee was 
a reproach here; it was a diadem there. 

4. transf. Something that surmounts and adorns 
like a crow; a crowning ornament. 

1781 Cowrer Ketirement 82 The crescent moon, the 
diadem of night, Stars countless, each in his appointed 

lace, Fast anchored. 1817 Byron Manfred 1. i. 64 Mont 
Diane is the monarch of mountains; 1 crown'd him 
long ago On a throne of rocks, in a robe of clouds, With 
a diadem of snow. 1845-75 Mackay Seven Angels of Lyre 
iii, A rainbow is her diadem. 


5. Short for diadem-monkey. 


6. Surg. In Lat. form diadema: A bandage for 
the head. 1811 in Hoorer Med. Dict. 

7. attrib. and Comb., as diadem-shaped adj. ; 
diadem-lemur, a species of /ndris; diadem- 
monkey, Cercopithecus diadematus; diadem- 
spider, the garden spider, Zperra diadema. 

1851 D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) IL. m1. v. 143 Diadem, 
and coronet sha) ornaments, H. Mitter Sch, § 
Schm. (1858) 67 The large diadem spider, which spins so 
strong a web. 

Di‘adem, v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rvans. To place a 
diadem upon ; to adorn with or as with a diadem ; 
to crown. Chiefly in pa. Aple.: cf. next. 

1362 Lana. ?. 72. A, 11, 268 Dauid schal ben dyademed 
and daunten hem alle. 1738 Pore Efi/. to Sat.n, 232 When 
diadem’d with rays divine .. Her Priestless Muse forbids 
the Good to die. 1777 Six W. Jones Turkish Ode Poems 

1 And every stalk is diadem'd with flowers. 1826 H. H., 

/1LSON tr. Uitara Rdma Cheritra 46 Hills, whose tower- 
ing peaks Are diademed with clouds, 1858 Neate Bernard 
- gt age 13 The Judge that comes in mercy. . To diadem 
the right. : 

Hence Diademed (dai‘idemd) ff/. a., wearing 
or adorned with a diadem i 

. WitiiaMms Shrove Tuesday (1794) 9 Where $ 
Ph a and toga’d stride, 1805 Sourney in Aan. Aer. 
III. 556 One of the three diademed princes, 1840 Carty. 
Heroes iii. (1891) 79 Is he not obeyed, worshipped after his 
sort, as all the Tiaraed and Diademed of the world . . could 
not be? 1892 A ¢henaum 19 Mar. 380/1 Draped diademed 
bust of the empress. 

Diademated (dairidémé'téd), pp/ a. ? Obs. 
(F L. diadémat-us (£. Gr. &adnpa DiapeM) + -ED.] 

Jearing a diadem ; diademed. 

1727 Baitey vol. 11, Diade’mated, wearing a Diadem, 
Crown or Turbant. 1763 Swinton in PAs. Trans, LIV. 
‘The first of these als presents to our view a diade- 
mated head, 1770 /bid. LX. 84 note, Coins. . with diademated 
heads upon them. , : 

|| Diade-xis. J/ed. Obs.—°. [a. Gr. diddefis, 
n. of action f. d:a5éxeo@a to relieve one another, 
succeed.] A transposition of humours in the body 
from one place to another. 

1811 in Hoorer Med. Dict. 1847 in Cratc. 

\| Diadoche (deijeddk?). [a. Gr. d:ad0xh suc- 
cession, f. d:adéyecOar: see prec.) Succession ; 
spec. in Med, (see quots.) 4 ; 

1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Diadoche, in the Art of Ph i 
the succeeding or progress of a Disease, to its change call 
Crisis. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diadoche, the exchange of one 
disease — another of ed ha ean fo ne 

i ion. 1. Rev. + 25) 
dintochs ‘of early G at gh opt but a broken and 
fitful succession, 


DIADOCHIAN. 


Diadochian (daiadawkian), a. [f. Gr. b:a50x-05 
succeeding, successor (see prec.) +-IAN.]  Belong- 
ing to the Déadochi or Macedonian generals among 
whom the empire of Alexander the Great was di- 
vided after his death, or to their time. 

. [1855 Grore Greece X11. 362 The interests of these Diadochi 
—Antigonus, Ptolemy, Seleucus, Lysimachus.] 1881 J. T. 
Crarke Rep. Lnvest. Assos in Papers Archeol. Inst. Amer. 

Class. Ser. I. 40 Amonument of small dimensions and lavish 
Diadochian ornamentatioh. 

Diadochite (doijzddkoit). Ax. [mod. f. Gr. 
5:a50xos (see prec.) +-ITE, Named by Breithaupt in 
1837, from his belief that phosphorus had succeeded 
arsenic in its composition.) Hydrous phosphate 

and sulphate of iron, of brown or yellowish colour 
and resinous appearance. 

1850 Dana AZin. 454. 1851 Warts tr. Gielin's Chem. V. 
246 Diadochite..Resembles iron-cinder in. .appearance. 

|| Diadosis (deije'ddsis). Med. [a. Gr. dadoars, 
f, drads5bvae to hand .pver, distribute.] a. Distri- 
bution of nutritive material to the body. b. Re- 
mission or decline of a disease. 

121 in Bawey, 1811 in Hoorer Med. Dict. 

+ Di‘adrom, -ome. 02s. [ad. Gr. d:adpopuy a 
running through or across, f. 5a + dpou- ablaut stem 
of Spapeiv to run.] A vibration of a pendulum. 

1661 Boyte Examen vy. (1682) 55 In Water the Diadromes 
are so much more slow [than in air]. 1690 Locke Ham, Und. 
Iv. x. § 10. 293 A Pendulum, whose Diadroms .. are each 
equal to one Second of ‘lime. 

Dizresis (doaije'r/sis, -ivr/sis). Also dieresis. 
[a. L. déwresis, a. Gr. daipeots, n. of action f. 
d:aupé-erv to divide, separate. ] 

1. The division of one syllable into two, esp. by the 
separation of a diphthong into two simple vowels. 

1656 Biount Glossogr. s.v. Dieretic, The figure Dieresis, 
whereby one syllable is divided into two parts, as Zvoluisse 
for Evolvisse. 1785 JouNsom, Dizresis, the separation or 
disjunction of syllables; as aér. 1887 Rosy Lat. Gram. 

(ed. 5) 1. 478 Divresés, ‘separation’ of one vowel sound into 
two; e.g. Orphéts for Orphétis also the treatment of a 
usually consonantal vas a vowel ; e. g. siliiae for silvae. 

b. The sign [*] marking such a division, or, 
more usually, placed over the second of two vowels 
which otherwise make a diphthong or single sound, 
to indicate that they are to be pronounced sepa- 
rately. 

1611 Corer. N nnn, Dizresis is when two points ouer a 
vowell diuide it from another vowell, as doué, gueué. 
1706 Puitutrs (ed. Kersey) s. v. Diwresis, An é,i or ti 
Dieresis, to show that such a vowel is sounded byit self and 
not joyn’d with any other, so as to make a Diphthongue. 
1767 G. SHarve Grk. Tongue 16 (R.) If any two vowels 
are to be read as two distinct syllables, the latter is marked 
with a dizresis, or two dots over it; mais, boy, and aiimros, 
sleepless. 1824 J. Jonnson 7'yfogr. II. xi. 284 The dizresis 
("] separates two vowels, that they may not be taken for 
a diphthong. eae : : 

2. Prosody. The division made in a line or a verse 
when the end of a foot coincides with the end of a 
word. 

1844 Beck & Fettontr. MZusk's Metres 39 From the coin- 
cidence and disagreement of verse-series and word-series 
springs the idea of the dizresis and casura (Siaipeois and 
ou.%), abscission and incision. 

Surg. Separation of parts normally united, as 
by a wound or burn, the lancing of an abscess, etc. 

1706 in Puixuirs (ed. Kersey), 1727-51 CuamBers Cyci. 
s.v. Dizwresis, There are five manners of performing the 
dizresis viz. by cutting, pricking, tearing, drawing and 
burning. 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Dizvresis, a division of parts 
from a wound, or burn; a solution of continuity, produced 
by mechanical means. is, \ 

4. gen. (nonce-use.) Division, separation. 

1856 ALEXANDER Life Wardlaw xiii. 331 This dizresis 
of opinion has separated ethical writers into two sections. 

Dieretic (doijéretik), a. and sé. Also die- 
retic. fad. Gr. diaiperuds divisible, of or by 
division, f. d:a:perds, vbl. adj. f. S:acpetv.; see prec. ; 
ef. F. a cies (Littré).] 

A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or by means of dizeresis 
or division. 

1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon's Adv, Learn. v1, ii. 231 The 
others [methods], as the analytic, systatic, dizretic, etc. 
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dieretick, pertaining to a division, 
or the figure Dizeresis. kg he Mayne Exfos, Lex. 269/1 
Having power to divide, dissolve, or corrode ; escharotic, 
corrosive, dieretic, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dieretic. 

B. sb. Med. A caustic or corrosive agent. Obs. 

1721 BaiLey, Divretics, medicines which corrode and eat. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diwretic, an old term for a caustic. 

Diafragma, -fragme, obs. ff. DriaPpHRAGM. 

Diagenesis (doidjdzenésis). [mod. f. Gr. d:a- 
across + yéveots generation, origination: GENESIS.] 
Transformation by dissolution and recombination 
of elements. Hence Diagene’tic a., of or pertain- 
ing to diagenesis. 

1886 T.S. Hunt Mineral Physiol. § Physiogr. 173 The 
reactions. .resulting not only in the conversion of amorphous 
into crystalline bodies, but in the breaking up of old com- 
binations, as well as in the union of unlike matters mechani- 
cally mingled to form new crystalline species, are instruc- 
tive examples of what Giimbel has termed diagenesis. [bid., 
An instructive phase in this diagenetic process is that of the 

dual i ller crystalline grains or crystals 


into larger ones. 


307 


Diageotropic (daiaydgzotrp'pik), a. Bot. [f. 
Gr, da across + yf, yeo- the earth + tpomexds belong- 
ing to turning.] Characterized by diageotropism. 

1880 C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 189 The rhizomes of 
Sparganium ramosum grow out horizontally in the soil to 
a considerable length, or are diageotropic. 1882 F, Darwin 
in Nature XXV. 600 A diageotropic organ is one which 
possesses the power of growing at right angles to the line of 
gravitation. > 1g ; : 

Diageotropism (doiadziptrpiz’m). Bot. 
[f prec.: see -IsM.] The tendency in parts of 
plants to grow transversely to the earth’s,radius. 

1880 C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 5 Diageotropism, a 
position more or less transverse to the radius of the earth. 

Diaglyph (dei-iglif). rare. [f. stem of Gr. 
diayAvpew to carve through, carve in intaglio, f. 
&a- through + yAvpew to carve: in mod.F. diaglyphe 
(Hatz.-Darm.).] A sculpture or engraving in which 
the figures are sunk below the general surface ; an 
intaglio. Hence Diagly‘phic a., pertaining to, or 
of the nature of, such sculpture. 

Evelyn’s name for the art is after Gr. yAuduxn (sc. téxvn). 

[1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. (1769) 16 Diaglyphice, when 
hollow, as in seals and intaglias. 1819 P. Nicnotson 4 chit. 
Dict. 1. 9 The Diaglyphice where the strokes [of the figures] 


are indented.] 1864 WesstER, Diaglyphic. 1889-Century 
Dict., Diaglyph. 
Diagnosable (deiagnowzab'l), a. [f. next + 


-ABLE.] Capable of being diagnosed. 

1891 Scot. Leader 24 Sept. 6 Before it [tubercular disease] 
became in the individual diagnoseable. 

Diagnose (daiagndwz), v. Med. [f. next; cf. 
anastomose, metamorphose (immediately after F. 
verbs in -oser from a sb. in -ose).] trans. To 
make a diagnosis of (a disease), to distinguish and 
determine its nature from its symptoms; to recog- 
nize and identify by careful observation. 

1861 WynTER Soc. Bees 339, | was enabled to diagnose the 
complaint at once. 1877 Roerts //andbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 
231 Articular rheumatism has also to be diagnosed from the 
other forms. 1887 Homcop. World 1 Nov. 497, 1 diagnosed 
chronic jaundice. 

fig. 1879 Tourcre Fool's Err. ii. 11 Her heart had 
diagnosed the symptoms. 1885 7¥ses 13 Aug. 4/1 It. is not 
difficult for me to diagnose. .the name of the ‘ former house- 
surgeon’ who wrote to you. 

b. adsol. or intr. 

1882 ATTFIELD in Standard 23 Aug. 2/2'The pharmacist. . 
attempting to diagnose while knowing nothing about the 
human frame. 

Diagnosis (doiagndu'sis), Pl--oses. [a. L. 
diagnosts, Gr. diayvwos, n. of action f. iayyvo- 
oxew to distinguish, discern, f. d:a- through, thor- 
oughly, asunder + yyvwoxew to learn to know, 
perceive. In F. diagnose in Moliere: cf. prec.] 

1. Med. Determination of the nature of a diseased 
condition ; identification of a disease by careful in- 
vestigation of its symptoms and history ; also, the 
opinion (formally stated) resulting from such in- 
vestigation. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diagnosis, di- 
lucidation, or knowledg. x P. P. Price (¢étde) A Trea- 
tise on the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Disease. 1834 J. 
Forbes Lennec’s Dis. Chest(ed. 4) 199 It is in the diagnosis 
- of pneumonia .. that the greatest practical benefit of aus- 
cultation will be found. 1855 O. W. Hotmes Poems 274 
The diagnosis was made out, They tapped the patient ; so 
he died. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. i. 8 The crows can form 
a Lag correct diagnosis upon the case of a sick camel. 
1878 H, S. Witson Alp. Ascents iv. 132 Then came the 
pad wit a severe contusion and strain of right 

ee. 
b. transf. and fig. 

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 11. vi. xviii. 253 
Perception is essentially adiagnosis. 1 G. Durr Pol, 
Surv. 113 Our diagnosis of the character of a person. 1892 
Spectator 1 Oct. 438/1 [Swindlers] seem to possess, in an 
extraordinarily high degree, the power of moral diagnosis,— 
of telling what are the weak spots in the mind of the 
ordinary man. as 

2. Biol. etc. Distinctive characterization in precise 
terms, (of a genus, species, etc.). 

1853 J. Linptey Veget. Kingd. 371 

Di i  iaaiat 3 ig 


Tiliacez, Linden- 
blooms .. 


with free stainens 


- on the outside of a disk, albuminous seeds, and straight 


embryo. 7854, Bapuam Halieut. 235 Specimens .. in a fit 
condition for diagnosis. 1858 WHEweELt Nov. Org. Renov. 23 
‘The Diagnosis, or Scheme of the Characters, comes, in the 
order of philosophy, after the Classification, 1874 Jrvons 
Prin. Science (1877) 708 This operation of discovering to 
which class of a system a certain specimen or case belongs, 
is generally called Diagnosis. 1880 GunTHEer Fishes 10 
‘The ‘Genera Piscium’ contains well-defined diagnoses of 45 
genera. Ae! 

ost (daiagngst). vare—°. [ad. Gr. 
diayvworns one who examines and decides, agent- 
n. from diayryvwoxev: see Diacnosis.] =D1sc- 
NOSTICIAN, 

Diagnostic (doiigng’stik), a. and sd. [ad. 
Gr, d:ayvwortxds able to distinguish, 7 duayvworiKeh 
(sc. réxvn) the art of distinguishing diseases, f. d:a- 
yeyvwonev: see Diracnosis. Cf. F. déagnostique 
(17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 


1. Of or pertaining to diagnosis. 
1625 Harr Axat. Ur. 1. i. 13 Physicke dia: 
semioticke..teacheth vs to know the nature.. 


‘osticke or 
the disease 


DIAGONAL. 


by the signes..of the same. 1654 WuitLock Zootomia 46 
The Diagnostick and disease-discovering Part. 1775 Sir 
E. Barry Odserv. Wines 394 The diagnostic knowledge .. 
of these symptoms. 1884 E. Sueprarp in Law Times 4 Oct. 
373/2 The judgment and diagnostic skill of the .. medical 
practitioner. 

2. Of value for purposes of diagnosis, discrimina- 
tion, or identification; specifically characteristic, 
distinctive: a. in A/ed.; b. in Aiol.; ©. gen. 

a. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 4 As to the signes Diag- 
nostick, a vitious figure of the head is known by sight. 1737 
Bracken Farvriery [mpr. (1756) 1. 306 The Diagnostick 
Signs of a Dog truly mad. 1885 Lancet 26 Sept. 562 ‘The 
most important diagnostic signs of pleural effusion. 

1862 Sir H. Hotianp Ess., Life & Organization 79 
The teeth .. so important a diagnostic mark. ap LIVER 
Elem. Bot. u. 124 The brief characters which .. distinguish 
these species from each other are said to be diagnostic. 
1875 BuckLanp Log-64. 244 Much has been said as to the 
tail being a diagnostic mark between the wild and tame cat. 
ec. 1669 Address Yung. Gentry Eng. 17 Necessary aphor- 
isms to regulate their own lives by, and be diagnostic of all 
others. 1803 Ldin. Rev. I. 256 note, The sel-reviewing 
philosophy would have been a term more diagnostic. 1888 
Pall Mall G. 28 Apr. 11/2 The 7imes cannot regard the 
Mid Lanark election as possessing any particular diagnostic 
value. 
B. sé. ; sometimes in collect. p/. diagnostics. 

1, =Diacnosis 1. 

1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1. ii. 13 Diagnosticke whose most 
common scope is to discerne..the sick and infirme from the 
whole. 1669 W. Simpson //yadvol. Chynt. 94, 1 fear the 
Doctor mistakes in his diagnosticks. 1753 N. Torrtano 
Gangr. Sore Throat 10 From this Appearance of the Blood, 
no Diagnostic can be formed of the Disease. 1803 A/ed. 
9Frul. 1X. 126 The disease, the diagnostic of which he found 
difficult to determine. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 530 
Radcliffe. .had raised himself to the first practice in London 
chiefly by his rare skill in diagnostics. 

Jig. 8 Burke Late St. Nat. Wks. 1842 1. 89 The false 
diagnostick of our state physician. 1874 L. SteruEen //ours 
in Libr, (1892) I. ix. 335 May be described as a system of 
religious diagnostics. 

2. A distinctive symptom or characteristic, a 
specific trait: a. in A/ed. b. Aitol. and gen. 

@ 165rWittie Privvrose’s Pop. Err. 225 Vhat Physitian. . 
having fully found out the diagnosticks, and prognosticks 
of a disease. 1751 Smoucetr Per. Pic. (1779) II. Iii. 158 
From these diagnostics [the physician] declared that the 
ligquidum nervosunt was intimately affected. 1764 Rrip 
Inquiry vi. § 23. 194 An unusual appearance in the colour 
of familiar objects may be the diagnostic of a disease in the 
spectator. 1853 Reape Chr. Yohnstone 15 You have the 
maladies of idle minds, love, perhaps, among the rest; you 
blush, a diagnostic of that disorder. 

b. 1646S. Botton Arraignum. Err.144 What are the Diag- 
nosticks or marks whereby we may. .discern of errour from 
truth. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. ix. 53 Oaths, 
and curses, the diagnostics of the rakish spirit. 1818 Blackw. 
Mag. 11. 404 The diagnostics (if so technical a term may 
be allowed) of his conduct, deportment, and conversation. 
1826 Kirpy & Sp. Entomol, (1828) 1V. xlvii. 405 We cannot 
point out any certain diagnostic. 

Diagno'stically, ad. [f. prec.+-an+-1y?.] 
By means of diagnosis, with reference to diagnosis. 

1657 G. Starkey Helmont's Vind. 51 By Rules set down 
to finde out the disease Diagnostically. 1891 PadZ MaliG. 
21 Oct. 5/2 Diagnostically and therapeutically it was only 
the amount of the dose which determined the effect. 

Diagnosticate (daiagny'stike't), v. [fas prec. 
+-ATES: cf. F. déagnostiquer.} = DIAGNOSE v. 

1846 ‘I. Cattaway Dislocations (1849) Could it [a compli- 
cation] be clearly diagnosticated. 1863 Lytton Ca.rtoniana 
I. 44 It assumes to diagnosticate in cases that have baffled 
the Fergusons. 1871 Hammonp Dis. Nervous Syst. 47 From 
thrombosis cerebral congestion is diagnosticated by the 
circumstances that, [etc.]. 

So Diagnostication = DIAGNoOsIs. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. : 

Diagnostician (dei:agnpsti‘fan). [f. as prec. 
+-IAN.] One who is skilled in diagnosis. 

1866 A. Fuint Princ. Med, (1880) 108 The mental quali- 
fications of the skilful diagnostician. 1894 Pop. Sct. Monthly 
XLIV. 478 By the skilled teacher I now mean the one who 
is an expert diagnostician of powers. 

Diago’meter. LZvectr. [ad. F. diagomeétre, f. 
Gr. biayev to carry across, conduct + peTpoy mea- 
sure.] An instrument designed to measure the 
electro-conductive power of various substances. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. II. 314 Diagometer, an elec- 
trical apparatus, intended for the detection of adulterations 
in olive oil, this oil being said to have less electric conduct- 
ing power than other fixed oils. 1886 WormeLt tr. Vou 
Urbanitzky's Electr. in Serv. Man (1890) 109 In the con- 
struction of his diagometer, an instrument which makes use 
of the different conducting powers of substances for the 
determination of their chemical combination. 

+ Diragon, sd. Obs. [ad.mod.L. diagonus, ad. 
Gr. b:aywrtos: see DiaGoNAL.] = DIAGONAL sd. I. 
[1563 Suute Archit. Diva, A strike ouerthwarte the 
ee square from corner to corner, that line is named 
iagonus.] 1656 BLount Glossogr., Diagon or Diagonal. 
+Diagon, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec.; cf. para- 

gon vb.) trans. ? To join by a diagonal line. 

1610 W. FoLxincHaM Art of Survey u. v. 55 To Rectifie 
the Plot: diagone alternate angles. 

Diagonal (daijegénal), @ and sb. [ad. L. 
diagonalis (Vitruvius), f. Gr. d:ayav-1os from angle 
to angle, f. 54 across + ywvia angle: see -AL I. 2, 
Cf. F. diagonal (13th c. in Littré).] 

A f 


. adj. 
1. Geom. Extending, as a line, from any angular 
9*—2 


DIAGONAL. 


point of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure to an 
Fae py or non-adjacent angular point. (Also ap- 
plied to a plane extending from one edge of a solid 
figure to the opposite edge.) Hence gen. Extending 
from one corner of anything to the opposite corner. 

1541 [implied in DiaGonaty]. 1563 SHuTE Archit. Civa, 
The diagonall line marked B. 1§70 Bittincstey Luctid x1. 
xxxix. 354 Diagonall lines drawen from the opposite angles. 
1660 Boome Archit. Ab, The square .. crossed with two 
Diagonall lines. 1823 H. J. Brooke /ntrod. Crystallogr. 
12 The diagonal plane of a solid .. is an imaginary plane 
passing —— the diagonal lines of two exterior parallel 

lanes. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. A/r.in Frnl. Geog. Soc. 
KXIX, 156 From east to west the diagonal breadth of 
Mgunda Mk’‘hali is 140 miles, 

2. More loosely: Having an oblique direction 
like the diagonal of a square or other parallelogram ; 
lying or passing athwart ; inclined at an angle other 
than a right angle (usually about 45°). 

1665 [see 4]. 1796 /ustr. §& Keg. Cavalry (1813) 57 By the 
diagonal march of divisions either to front or rear, 1821 
Craic Lect. Drawing vi. 350 A supposed diagonal line from 
the outer corner of each eye. 1831 Larpner Pnewmat. iv. 
257 Every change in the position of the surface of the 
mercury .. will be three times as great in the diagonal 
barometer as it would be in the vertical one. 1851 De La 
Becur Grol, Ods. 612 Diagonal arrangements of the minor 
parts..are very common in many sandstones. 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Diagonal braces, knees, planks, etc. are 
such as cross a vessel's timbers obliquely, 1876 Matnews 
Coinage i. 7 On some English coins of last century the milling 
is diagonal to the edge. 

8. Marked with diagonal or oblique lines, or 
having some part placed diagonally or obliquely. 

Diagonal bellows : a bellows (in an organ) having its sides 
inclined at an angle. Diagonal cloth: a twilled fabric 
having the ridges diagonal, i.e. running obliquely to the lists. 
Diagonal couching (in needlework) : couching in which the 
stitches form a zig-zag pattern. Diagonal scale: a scale 
marked with equidistant parallel lines crossed at right angles 
by others at smaller intervals (e.g. 4 of the larger), and 
having one of the larger divisions additionally crossed by 
parallels obliquely placed ; used for measurement of small 
fractions (e.g. hundredths) of the unit of length. 

1679 Sir J. Moore J/ath, (1681) 224 Then taking 1 PJ 10 
from any line of equal parts or Diagonal Scale, prick 1t on AD 
six times. 1824 Gi/l's Techn. Repos. V1. 199 ‘The proposed 
Diagonal Pavement in the streets of London. 1876 Hites 
Catech. Organ. viii. (1878) 52 Afterwards diagonal or wedge- 
shaped bellows came into use. 1879 Mosetey Naturalist 
on Challenger 473 A wide patch of diagonal ornamentation 
upon the abdomen. 1882 Cautreitp & Sawarp Dict. 
Needlework 152 Diagonal couching .. is chiefly employed in 
Church Work. 1883 A. E. Seaton Mar. Engineering 55 
Any engine whose cylinders are not perfectly horizontal may 
.. be called Diagonal. 

4. Comb., as diagonal-built a.,(a boat or ship) 
having the outer skin consisting of two layers of 
planking making angles of about 45° with the keel 
in opposite directions; diagonal-planed a. (sce 
quot. 1805-17); diagonal-wise adv. = DI1AGoNn- 
ALLY. 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 84 They may make up a Cylinder 
cut Diagonal wise. 180§-17 R. JAMESON Char. Min, (ed. 3) 
212 A crystal is said to be diagonal planed, when it has facets 
-. situated obliquely. 1869 R. W. Meave Naval Archit. 
416 In diagonal-built boats the skin consists of two layers of 
planking. 

B. sd. 

1. Geom, A diagonal line ; a straight line joining 
any two opposite or non-adjacent angles of a recti- 
lineal figure (or of a solid contained by planes). 

(1563 Suute Archit. Cijb, A lyne ouerthwart from the 
one corner to the other, which line is called Dyagonalis.] 
1571 Dicces Paxtom. iv. v. V iv, Wherby the diagonal ex- 
ceedeth the side tore heer 1662 Hoses Seven Prod, 
Wks. 1845 VII. 62 You pitched upon half the diagonal for 
your foundation. 1827 Hutton Course Math. 1. 322 The 
rectangle of the two diagonals of any quadrangle inscribed in 
acircle. 1831 CartyLe Sart. Kes. 1. vii. 33 A square Blanket, 
twelve feet in diagonal. 1847 Tennyson Princ. Concl. 27 
Betwixt them both, to please them both, And yet to give the 
story as it rose, I moved as in a strange diagonal, And may- 
be neither pleased myself nor them. 1871 T'yNpaL. /vagm. 
Se. (1879) 1. iv. 115 The short diag: of the large Nicol 
[prism] was in the first instance vertical. 

_ b. A diagonal ‘line’ or row of things arranged 
ina — or other parallelogram (e.g. of squares 
on a chess-board). 

ce. A part of any structure, as a beam, plank, etc., 
placed diagonally. 

1837 GorinG & Prircuarp Microgr. 112 The light stopped 
by the diagonals of the engiscope. 1853 Sir i. DouGtas 
Milit. Bridges 330'The diagonals 6 c, Y c’, having the quality 
ofties. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech. 1. 691 Diagonal, a timber 
brace, knee, plank, truss, etc., crossing a vessel's timbers 
obliquely. 

2. = diagonal cloth (see A. 3): @. a soft ma- 
terial used for embroidery ; b. a black coating for 
men’s wear. ' 

1861 Ure Cotton Bdawae 24 (ed. 2) IL, 259 A fustian, with a 
small cord running in an obliquedirection. .is called diagonal. 
1878 A. Bartow //ist, Weaving Gloss., Diagonals, fancy 
lozenge pattern cloths. 1883 Daily News 19 Sept. 6/6 Thin 
meltons, diagonals, and serges. 1890 R. Beaumont Colour 
in Woven Design 268 Diagonals are but plainly coloured. 

Diagonarlity. rare. [f. prec. + -1ry.] The 
quality of being diagonal or having an oblique 
position. 

1859 R. F. Burton Centr. A/r. in rnd. Geog. Soc. XX1X. 
290 The Katonga river. .is supposed to fall into the Nyanza 


_ 808 


-- This diagonality may result from the compound incline 
produced by the northern of the n% 


1 
so 


and the sout P 

Dia‘ e, v. rare. [f. as prec, + -12k.] 
intr. ‘To move in a diagonal. 

1884 ‘Tennyson Becket u. ii, His Holiness, pushed one wa 
by the Empire and poet England, if he move at all, 

eaven stay him, is fain to diagonalise. Herbert. Dia- 


gonalise ! thou art a word-monger ! Our Thomas never will 
diagonalise. [Cf DiaGonat B. x quot. 1847.] 

onally (dal,se- gonial), adv. [f. as prec. 
+-Ly4%.] Ina diagonal direction ; so as to extend 
from on@angle or corner to the opposite. Also: 
In a slanting direction or position, obliquely. 

1541 R. Cortann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Two ape 
wayes that descende fro the kydnees that entre by the sydes 
of the bladder dyagonelly. 1 Urqunart Kadelais 1. 
viii. (1694) I. 29 Six hundred Ells .. of blew Velvet .. dia- 
gonally purled. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 23 The 
upper part being set diagonally within the lower. 1837 
Gorinc & Pritcuarp A/icrogr. 121 A coarse piece of canvas, 
with the fibres running diagonally. 1855 H. Spencer Princ, 
Psychol. (1870) I. v. ii. 518 The diagonally opposite angle. 

At o’nial, a. and sd. Obs. [f. Gr. davon 
os DIAGONAL + -AL.] = D1aGonaL; alsodiagonally 
opposite; fig. diametrically opposed. Hence 
+ Diago'nially adv. 

1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 41 The Di 
thwart Line, from Angle to Angle, of the said Square. 1643 
Miton Divorce u. i. (1851) 64 Both diagonial contraries. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Psenud, Epid. u.v. 115 The shortnesse 
being affixed unto the legs of one side, which might have 
been more tolerably placed upon the thwart or Diagoniall 
movers. /did.190 Which .. stands a thwart or diagonially 
unto the other, 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xx. (1713) 44 
A Quadrate whose Diagonial is commensurate to one of the 
Sides is a plain Contradiction. 1678 Cupwortu /ntedl. Syst. 
1. v. 728 The diameter or diagonial of a square. - 

Diagonic (daidgpnik), a. rare. [ad. L. dia- 
gonicus (Vitruvius), a. Gr. dayovinds; see Dia- 
GONAL and -I¢.] = D1aGonaL. 

1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 7 Meeting together over the 
Diagonike line. 1881 J. Mine in Nature 8 Dec. 126 
This particular earthquake .. might therefore be called a 
transverse or diagonic shock. 

+ Dia‘gonite. J/@x. [Named by Bbreithaupt 
in 1832 from its oblique crystallization.) An ob- 
solete synonym of BREWSTERITE. 

1844 Dana Min, 325. 

+ Dia‘gony. Os. [ad. L. diagonius, Gr. da- 
yevios DIAGONAL.) =DIAGONAL sb. 

1690 Leysourn Curs. Math. 325 [The Proportion] of the 
Hexaedron’s. . Side to its Basial Diagony. /did. 326 Their 
Axes or Diagonies. 

bY Dia‘gorize, v. Obs. rare—). [f. Gr. ba 


‘onial or over- 


through + dyopa public assembly, forum, market- | 


place +-1zE.] ¢rans. To proclaim in the market- 
place. 


1633 T. Apams Exp. 2nd Peter iii. 4. 1174 Let their pains — 


- be employed in weeding up those Diagoriz’d opinions. 

i daiagraem), sb. [a. F. diagramme, 
or ad. L. diagramma, Gr. daypappa that which is 
marked out by lines, a geometrical figure, written 
list, register, the gamut or scale in music, f. duatypa- 
qewv to mark out by lines, draw, draw out, Write 
in a register, f. &a- through + ypapev to write.] 

1. Geom. A figure composed of lines, serving to 
illustrate a definition or statement, or to aid in the 
proof of a proposition, 

Polar diagram : a spherical polygon, #.¢. one traced on 
the surface of a sphere, whose sides are arcs joining the 
poles of the sides of, a given spherical polygon. 

1645 N. Stone Enchir. Fortif. 68 The Diagram on the 
Table directs for the making of it thus. /éid. 74 Diagram, 
a word used by the Mathematicks for any thing that is 
demonstrated by lines. Berxetey Analyst § 50 The 
diagrams in a i ration. 1879 T! 


DIAGRAPH. 


action or process, or the variations which charac- 
terize it; e.g. the intensity of action or a 
the rise and fall of temperature or pressure, of 
death-rate, rate of emigration, rate of exchange, 
the derivation and mutual relation of languages, 
etc. b. A delineation used to symbolize related . 
abstract oe niga mental aco 

Often with defining prefixed, as indicator-diagram 
(in the steam-engine), acceleration-, force-, velocity-dia- 


gram. 

1839 R. S. Rosinson Naut. Steam Eng. 157 The di 
points out that the steam port was now i 
News 30 Sept. 2/2 Five successive shots .. within a few feet 
of each other .. In small-arm parlance, the gun has made 
a wonderfully ‘good diagram’. Watson & Bursury 
Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. 1. 242 We may oe the 
thermoelectric powers of different metals at different tem- 
peratures by a di 1893 Minto Logic 1. 1. ii. 64 The 
relations between terms in the four forms are represented 
by simple di s known as Euler's circles. 

+4. After Greek usage: A list, register, or enu- 
meration; a detailed inscription ; also, ‘ the title 
of a booke’ (Cockeram 1623). Ods. 

1631 Weever Anc, Fun, Mon.8 An Epitaph is. .an astrict 
pithie Diagram, writ .. vpon the tombe ., declaring .. the 
name, the age..and time of the death of the therein 
int 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. iv. §9 In only 
one Family .. he makes a Diagramme consisting of almost 
an innumerable company of men. 

+5. Mus. A musical scale, a gamut. Oés. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Diagram..in Musick is called a 
proportion of measures distinguished by certain notes. 

51 Cuambers Cycé. s. v., Guido Aretine improved this 


refuse to be theoremed and diagramed. 1880 New Eng. 
Frnl. Educ. 20 May PIS The of aca | 
sent us. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 144/1 Diagram 


results ofexperiments. 1884 F. V. Ixisn 
Diagram Pref. 3 To diagram a few easy sentences. 
(daiagramik), @. rare. iS prec. 
sb.+-Ic.] Of the nature of a diagram ; diagram- 
matic. Hence Diagra‘mically adv., in the manner 
of a diagram. 
1839 /ait's Mag. V1. 701 Referring our readers now to 
the diagramic wood-cuts. 1885 Philad. Times 18 Ay 
(Cent. Dict.), The folds of her skirts hanging diagramically 


and stiffly. 

i tic (daidgramee'tik), “fh Gr, 
d:aypappar- stem of dkaypaypa DIAGRAM + -IC, after 
Gr. ypapparieés.] Having the form or nature of 
a diagram ; of or pertaining to diagrams. 

1853 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. (ed. 2) App. ii. 667 Aris- 
totle undoubtedly had in his ye when he discriminates the 


syllogistic terms, a certain diagrammatic contrast of the 


figures. Jéid. 671 note, The several diagrammatic figures 
are also each in a different position. 1 - Scorrern in 


Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 305 The 
scheme, 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. x. § 87 (1875) 
268 Diagrammatic representations of births, marriages, and 
deaths. Geir Gt. /ce Age xviii. 242 Diagrammatic 
view of drift deposits of the basin of the Forth. 1884 Bower 
& Scorr De Bary's Phaner. This arrangement appears 
with quite diagrammatic regu rity in .. bast. 

, a [See -at.] =prec. 

1880 Sat, Rev. 15 May 637 Ina diagrammatical form. 


Diagramma adv, [f. prec, +-Ly 2.] 
In the form of a diagram ; wit Maauagaibe 
representation, 

ii. 671 note, 


1853 Sir W. Hamivron Discuss. (ed. 2) A 4 
For the first syllogistic figure, the terms, without authorit 
from Aristotle, are diagrammatically placed upon a level, 
375 Cro Climate & = xix. 313 The variations of eccen- 
tricity .. are. re nted to eye diagramma' in 
Plate iv 1881 Ay Bower in Yrud. Microsc. Sc. 15 Jan., 


R : g ? 
& Tair Nat. Phil. 1.1. § 134 Another closed or open polygon, 
pei what is called the polar diagram to he gi 

Nyt get ‘ ‘ : 

2. An illustrative figure which, without 
senting the exact a jue of an object, gives 
an outline or general scheme of it, so as to exhibit 
the shape and relations of its various parts. 

Hence applied to such different designs as a map of the 
heavens, a delineation of a crystal, a representation of micro- 
scopic forms, etc. Floral di (Bot.): a linear drawing 
showing the position and number of the parts of a flower as 
seen on a transverse section. 

1619 en ree 3 pear =e Comet 16, tet entreat 
you to examine this follow jiagram. - CARPENTER 
Geog. Del. 1. v. 11x To set downe in a Down both the 
number and order of all the heavenly Orbs. 1727 Brapiey 
Fam, Dict. s.v, Building, Uf the Workman be well skill'd 
in perspective more than one face may be represented in one 
Diagram, sce ically. 183x Brewster Newton ( 1855) 
Il. xxii. 394 * scroll, on which is drawn a remarkable 
diagram relative to the solar ee = 1855 ‘THACKERAY 
Newcomes 1. xvii. 165 Illustrated by di the interview 
which he had with that professor. ¢ Faravay /orces 
Nat. 175, 1 have shown in this diagram .. the rays of a 
candle, x Bennetr & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. ut. v. 524 Dia- 
gram of the flower of Liliacex, 


transf. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Consid. Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 420 We learn geology the morning after the earthquake 
of aioven mountains. Geo. Extor 


hastly di 
Dam. Der ith “xl 
jagram inst a growth. 
3. A sct of lines, marks, or tracings which repre- 
sent symbolically the course or results of any 


226 Turning himself into a sort of 


root cap are more diagrammatically 
arranged, 

tize (doiigre’mitaiz), v. [f. Gr. 
d:aypappar- stem of dudr-ypappa DIAGRAM + -1ZE ; cf. 
Gr. d:arypappifer.] trans. To put into the form 
of a diagram; to exhibit in a diagram. 

1884 W. James in A/ind Jan. 18 It can be diagrammatised 
as continuous with all the other seg of the subjective 
stream. 1893 A thenaum 2 Dec. 73/3 There is not a single 
picture of a section; they have all tized. 

eter (daiigra’mitar . [f Dra- 
GRAM sd, +-METER.] (See quot. : 

1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. § 270 Holt’s Diagrammeter. 
This instrument is specially le for measuring the ordi- | 
nates of indi i .. and is used much after the 
manner of a parallel rule. 

(daivtigraf), sb.1  [f. Gr. dsaypapn 
diagram, description, etc. f. da- through + ypagn 
writing : cf. med.L. dtagraphum ‘ descriptio census’ 


J 

+1. A description. Oés. 

1727 in Bawey vol. II. 

. = DIAGRAM 3b. rare. 

1853 Sir W. Hamivron Discuss. A 
What is indeed noticed now! .. a8 a Variation 
from ‘ Aristotle's diagraph’. . the Major Term is not, in any 
way placed ‘nearer to’ and ‘further from the Middle,’ for 
“Diagraph (do\igral) 502 [a. F. diagraphe, 

ai" » 5b, a. F. raphe, 
f. stem of Gr, daypap-ev to’ mark out by lines, 
draw ; cf. DiacraM.] 


. ii. (ed. 2) 671 note, 


DIAGRAPH. 


1. An instrument used for drawing mechanically 
projections of objects, enlarged copies of maps, ete. ; 
it consists of a pencil governed by cords and 
pulleys, and guided by the application of a pointer 
to the object to be copied. 

1847 Craic, Diagraph, a certain instrument used in per- 
spective drawing, invented by M. Gavard, Paris, 185 
Exhib. Catal. VII, 1187 Diagraphs and pantographs, for 
copying maps. 1878 Bartiey tr. Topinara’s Anthrop. i. 
iii. 269 The diagraph of Gavard. Nofe. Instrument by the 
help of which drawings [of the skull] by projection are 
obtained. 4 ; 

2. A combined protractor and scale used in 
plotting. 

Diagraph, v. rare. [f. Gr. diaypapew: see 
next.] ¢vans. To represent diagrammatically; = 
DIAGRAM v, 

1889 J. M. Rosertson Zss. Crit. Method 54 A set of 
formulas supposed to describe or diagraph the dramatic 
practice of Shakspere. 

i c (daidgrefik’, @ [f. Gr. d&a- 
ypaxp-ev to mark out by lines, d:aypapy marking 
out by lines, geometrical, figure, diagram + -1¢, after 
Gr. ypagpurds.] Of or pertaining to drawing or 
graphic representation, Hence also Diagra‘phical 
a. Obs., in same sense. Diagra‘phics, the art of 
drawing. 

[1601 Hotianp Pliny II. 537 The art Diagraphice, that is 
to say, the skill to draw and paint in box-tables.] 1623 
CockeraM, Diagrafical art, the art of painting, or caruing. 
1656 BLount ve aed Diagraphick Art, the art of paint- 
ing or graving. x80r Fuseu in Lect. Paint. i. (1848) 353 
The diagraphic process .. is the very same with the linear 
one we have described. 

|| Diagry'dium. Pharm. Also 5 -gredie, 7 
-gredium. [L. déagrydium (Celius Aurelianus 
? 5th c.), according to Littré a corruption, through 
association with names of drugs in da-, of Gr. 
Saxpvdiov fa kind of scammony’, dim. of daxpu 
tear, drop. In F. dtagréde.] An old name for 
a preparation of scammony, used in pharmacy. 

1436 Pol. Poencs (Rolls) 11. 173 Wee shulde have no nede 
to skamonye, Turbit, euforbe, correcte, diagredie. a 1600 
Customs Duties (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. No. 25697), Digre- 
dum, the pounde. vis. viijd. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. i. xi. 
127 Mingled with.. powder of Diagridium. 1651 Biccs 
eo Disp. ® 106 They hide Scamsnony under the name of 
diagrediunt. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. 66 Take .. Dia- 
gridium and Tartar-Vitriolate a Dram. 1825 Branpe J/av. 
Pharmacy 157 In some old Pharmacopceiz .. methods of 
correcting the acrimony of scammony are described, and to 
such preparations they gave the name of diagridia. 

Hence Diagry’diate @., made with diagrydium. 
Also as sd.: see quots. 

1657 Phys. Dict., Diagridiates, medicines that have scam- 
mony or diagridium in their composition. 1684 tr. Bonet’s 
Merc. Compit. ut. 99 With diagrydiate Purges. «#1734 
Foyer (J.), All choletick humours ought to be evacuated 
by diagrydiates. 1755 Jounson, Diagrydiates, strong pur- 
gatives made with diagrydium. ; : 

Diaheliotropic (doiajhZliotrg:pik), a. Bot. 
[f. Gr. da across + HAcos sun + Tpome«ds pertaining 
to turning.] Growing or moving transversely to 
the direction of incident light; of or pertaining to 
diaheliotropism. 

1880 F. Darwin in Nature No, 582. 179 A diaheliotropic 
organ has an inherent tendency to place itself at right angles 
to the direction of the light. 1880 C, & F. Darwin Movem. 
PZ. 441 Diaheliotropic movements. 

Diaheliotropism (daiahZligtrdpiz’m). Bot. 
[f. as prec.: see -IsM.] A tendency in leaves and 
organs of plants to grow transversely to the direc- 
tion of incident light. 

1880 C. & F. Darwin Move. P?. 5 Diaheliotropism may 
express a position more or less transverse to the light and 
induced by it, 1882 F, Darwin in Nature 27 Apr. 600 The 
power. .called 7vausversal Heliotropismus by A. B, Frank, 
we have called diaheliotropism. 

Diahy-dric, a. [f. Dia-1 + Gr. vdwp water + -1¢.] 

1883, Ss Soc. Lex., Diahydric, through water; a term 
applied by C. J. Williams to the percussion note obtained 
from an organ separated from the parietes by a layer of fluid. 

Dial (dail), 54.1. Also 5 dyale, dyel, 5-7 
dyal(1, diall. [Presumably a derivative of L. dies 
a day, through a med.L. adj. dial-zs daily (repr. 
in Du Cange by dale = diurndle ‘as much land as 
could be ploughed in a day’, and dzdliter adv. 
daily.) Outside Eng., however, da/ is known only 
from a single OF, instance in Froissart, in which 
the dyal in clockwork is said to be ‘ the daily wheel 
(voe Journal) which makes a revolution once in a 
day, even as the sun makes a single turn round the 
earth in a natural day’. This would answer to 
amed.L, vota didlis: the transition from ‘ diurnal 
wheel’ to ‘diurnal circle’ is easy. But more evi- 
dence is wanted.] 

1. An instrument serving to tell the hour of the 
day, by means of the sun’s shadow upon a gra- 
duated surface ; a SUN-DIAL. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, For by the dyal the hour 
they gan to marke. c1440 Phe Parv. 120 Dyale, or 

or an horlege (dial or diholf of an horlage).. 1530 
Patscr. 213/2 Diall to knowe the hotires by the course of 
the sonne, guadrant. 1535 CovERDALE 2 Kings xx.11 The 
shadowe wente backe ten degrees in Achas Dyall. x52 


809 


Hutoet, Diall set vpon a chymney or wall to knowe what 
is a clocke by the sunne, scéotericon. 1593 Suaxs. 3 Hen. 
V7, u.v. 24 To carue out Dialls queintly, point by point, 
‘Thereby to see the Minutes how they runne, ni 4 Warp 
Simp. Cobler 39 Where clocks will stand, and Dials have no 
light. 1719 YounG Busiris v. i, How, like the dial’s tardy- 
moving shade, Day after day slides from us unperceiv’d, 
1720 GAy Poems (1745) I. 151 Here to sev'n streets sev’n 
dials count the day. 1799 Vince Astron. iv. (1810) 56 A clock 
or watch may..be regulated by a good dial. 1878 B. Taycor 
Deukalion 1. vi. 50 ‘The Hour shall miss its place, And the 
shadow recede on the dial’s face. 

b. fig. 1513 Dovucras ‘neis 1. Prol. 347 Venerable 
Chaucer. .Hevinlie trumpat, horleige and sepuldle . .condit, 
and diall. 1854 J. Forses Vour A/t. Blanc Introd. 11 ‘The 
stately march of the glacier is yet a stage more slow, months 
and even years are but the units of division of its dial. 

2. With qualifying words descriptive of the various 
forms of the sun-dial: e.g. declining, hortzontal, 
primary, reflecting, universal, vertical (etc.) dial. 

1688 R, Hotme Armoury Ut. 373/1 Pendant Dials which 
are hung by the hand .. commonly called Equinoctial or 
Universal Dials, are most used by Sea-Men and ‘Travellers 
that oft shift Latitudes. 1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Zxect 
declining Dials, Dials whose Planes are not directly opposite 
to any of the Four Cardinal Points, but decline from the 
Meridian or prime Vertical Circle. 1782 Archeologia VI. 
143 Vitruvius says they had horizontal, vertical, and declin- 
ing dials. 1819 P. NicnoLson Architect. Dict. I. 332 De- 
inclining Dials, such as both decline and incline, or recline. 

With various qualifying words, as m7gh¢- or 
nocturnal dial (= MOooNn-DIAL), RING-DIAL, SUN- 
DIAL. 

1605 CAMDEN Rem. 165 Which bare a Sunne-diall and the 
Sun setting. 1667 PAil. Trans. 11. 435 A large Ring-Dial.. 
having a Box with a Compass or Needle. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cyct., Moon-Dial or Lunar Dial, is that which shews the 
hour of the night by means of the light, or shadow, of the 
moon. J/did., Nocturnal or Night-Dial, is that which shews 
the hours of the night. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bh. 1. 66 
The neighbours could tell the our by his movements as 
accurately as by a sun dial. 

+3. A timepiece or chronometer of any kind ; 
aclock or watch. Os. Also with qualifying words 
as WATER-DIAL, etc. 

1552 Hutoet, Diall, clepsydra, horologium. 1580 Barer 
Alv.D 651 A diall measuring houres by running of the water 
. .clepsydra. 1585 'T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. i. 
xvii. 19 b, The Ambassadour sent his presents .. one small 
clocke or dyall. 1600 Suaks, A. Y. L. 11. vii. 20 And then 
. .Sayes, very wisely, it 


or water Dyall. 
329 One of those accurate Dyals that go with a Pendulum. 
1662 GERBIER Princ. 40 Motions. .no more to be discovered, 
than that of the Hand of a Diall. 1676 North's Plutarch 
765 note, Like a water Diall or Clepsydra. 

. Jig. 1556 a Jones (¢itle), The Dial of Agues. 1557 
NortH (¢¢/e), Gueuara’s Diall of Princes. 1582 BENTLEY 
Mon. Matrones Pref. Bj b, A delectable diall for to direct 
you to true deuotion. c 1600 in C. B. Markuam Fighting 
Veres (1888) 345 He was the very dial of the army, by which 
we knew when we should fight. 

4. The face of a clock or watch; the surface 
which bears the graduations and figures marking 
the hours, ete. Cf. DIAL-PLATE. 

1575 LaneHwaM Let, (1871) 54 Too Dyallz ny vnto the 
battilments ar set aloft vpon too of the sidez of Cezarz 
toour .. to sheaw the oourz too the tooun and cuntree. 
1632 SHERwoop s. v. Dial, The hand of a clock-dyall, Za 
monstre Tun Horloge. 1747 Gent. Mag. 224 Varnished, 
and silvered in all respects as a clock-dial. 1750 JoHNSON 
Rambler No, 42 ? 8, I walk in the great hall and watch the 
minute hand upon the dial. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. 
Build. 569 ‘The part where the dials of the clock are placed 
is of an octagonal form. 1 F. J. Britten Watch & 
Clockm. 85 Sir Edmund Beckett advocates a concave form 
for the dials of public clocks. 

b. fig. @1680 Butter Rem. (1759) Il. 214 The Face is 
the Dial of the Mind. 

+5, A mariner’s compass. Ods. 

1523 Firzners. Surv. xx. 38 It is necessarie that he haue 
a Dyall with hym for els .. he shall nat haue perfyte know- 
lege whiche is Eest West Northe and Southe. 1559 W. 
Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 85 Whan the nedle standeth 
stedfastlye in the right Line wythin the Diall, it dothe as 
it were poynte directlye North and South. xg91 Sy_vesTer 
Dy Bartas 1. iii. 986 For first inuenting of the Sea-man's 
Diall. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa. 34 Cabo das Agulhas, 
or the cape of Needles, because there the needles of dialles 
touched with the loadstone, stand directly North. 1642 
Rocers Naamaz 830 The needle of the Diall set just on 
the North point .. shakes not. 

b. Mining. A miner's compass for underground 
surveying. 

1669 E. Montacu tr. Barba’s Metals, etc. (1740) 286 
Having provided yourself of a Dial in a square Box. 1778 
W. Pryce Min. Cornub, 207 Apply the side of the dial to 
the string, and take the degree the needle stands on. 1875 
Ure Dict. Arts 11. 18 The compass used in underground 
surveying is called a miner’s dial, and is essentially the same 
instrument as the circumferentor used by the land-surveyor. 

6. An external plate or face on which revolutions, 
pressure, etc. are indicated by an index-finger or 
otherwise, as in a gas-meter, telegraphic instru- 
ment, steam or water-gauge, etc. 

1747 Gentl. Mag. 223 Move one tooth every revolution of 
the wheel, thereby discovering the true distance of places 
by the index on the dial. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXIV. 154/1 
For communication .. this object may be effected by a me- 
chanical connection, by chains or wires, between two dials 
with revolving indexes or pointers. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 
II, 233 Let us now turn to the face of the instrument. Here 
we have a dial and an index, which is on the same axis as 
the magnetised needle. 


DIALECT. 


b. With qualifying words, as ¢éde-, wesd-dial. 

1792 Archeologia X. 174 This machine of Varro’s may be 
considered as the first wind-dial at Rome. 

e. slang. The human face. 

1811 in Levicon Balatronicum, 1889 Bird o' Freedom 
7 Aug. 3 (Farmer) An absinthe tumbler which caught him 
a nasty crack across the dial. 

7. A lapidary’s instrument for holding a gem 


while exposed to the wheel. 

It has markers indicating degrees in adjustment, so as 
to portion out the circumference of the stone in facets. 

1875 Ure Dict. Arts I]. 42 An important instrument 
called a dial, which serves to hold the stone during the 
cutting and polishing. ; 

8. attrib. and Comb. a. General, as dial-foot, 
-hana, -motto, -stone, -telegraph, dial-maker,-work. 

1884 F. J. Britten latch §& Clockm. 87 In common 
watches pins falling out of the “dial feet is a fruitful source 
of trouble. ¢1600 SHAks. Sonu. civ, Yet doth beauty, like 
a *dial-hand, Steal from his figure and no pace perceived. 
1599 MinsuEu Sf. Dict., Relogero..a *diall-maker. 1875 
Lanier Poems, Syniphony 137 Hach *dial-marked leaf and 
flower-bell. 1822 Lams Elia, Decay of Beggars, Vhe stand- 
ing *dial-mottos. 1886 WormeE tt tr. Vou Urbanitshy’s Electr. 
in Serv. Man (1890) 804 Of A BC systems where a battery 
is employed to furnish the current, Bréguet’s *Dial ‘Vele- 
graph is a good example. 1874 Knicut Dict. JWech., * Dial- 
work (Horology), the motion work between the dial and 
movement plate of a watch. ‘ ; 

b. Special comb., as dial-less a., without a dial, 
having no dial; dial-like a., like a dial; dial- 
lock, a lock furnished with dials, having hands or 
pointers, which must be set in a determinate way 
before the bolt will move; dial-moth, 7Zortrix 
gnomana (Samouelle, Lxtomol. Compend, 1819) ; 
dial-piece = D1AL-PLATE; Qial-plane, the flat- 
surface of a sun-dial ; dial-ring, a finger-ring in 
the form of a ring-dial; dial-wheel (in a watch), 
one of the wheels placed between the dial and 
pillar-plate; | dial-writer, a type-writer with 
a dial. Also DIAL-PLATE, 

1865 Atheneum 8 July 49 The tower remained *dial-less 
as Before. 1851 Mayne Reiw Scadp-//uit. i, 10 Where the 
helianthus turns her *dial-like face tothe sun. 1659 D. Pett 
Improv. Sea Vo Rdr., Upon a * Dial-peece of a Clock in the 
Colledge Church of Glocester. 1690 Leynourn Cars, Math. 
699 The nuinber of © Dial Plains are 1703 Moxon J/ech. 
Exerc. 310 A Dyal Plane is that Flat whereon a Dyal is 
intended to be projecged. 1868 Chamlers’ Encycl. II. 
531/t A dial consists of two parts—the stile or gnomon. .and 
the dial-plane. 1877 W. Jones /tuger-ring 453 A *dial-ring 
consisting of two concentric rings moving one within the 
other, 1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycé. s.v. Watch-work, Vhe *dial- 
wheel. .serves to carry the Nand. 1883 Padl Mall G. 5 May 
6/2 ‘The last thing in type-writers, called a ‘*dial writer’. 

Dial, 54.2 A name given in commerce to a su- 
perior kind of Kauri gum of a clear pale colour. 

1893 7imes 14 July 4/4 Gums, Kowrie.. Dial—pale yel- 
lowis 1 Bite | 

Dial (dail), v.  [f Dran 50.1] 

1. trans. fig. To measure as with a dial; to in 
dicate the degree of. 

18zr Campsect in New Monthly Mag. 1. 10 Experienced 
sensibility is like the gnomon, It measures the altitude 
and dials the light of inspiration, 1839 BaiLey Mestas (1852 
201 To teach us how to dial bliss. @ 1854 ‘l’ALrourv (Web- 
ster), Hours of that true time which is dialled in heaven. 

2. To survey or Jay out with the aid of a dial or 
miner’s or surveyor’s compass. 

1653 Mantove Lead Mines 164 ‘Yo make inquiry, and to 
view the Rake, To plum and dyal. 1747 Hooson J/éner's 
Dict. s.v. Boring, Having exactly dialed it, to the place 
where you would have your Shaft to come through, and 
laid it out at the Day upon the Surface. 1778 W. Pryce 
Min. Cornub, 203 Most of our Mines and Adits were dialled 
for in this manner. 1853 Jrud. KR. Agric. Soc. XLV. 1. 153 
To cut the gutters with the plough used by him after being 
dialled out. 

3. To mark as the plate of a dial. 

1817 [see D1aLtep Ad. a.]. 

Dialatik, obs. f£ Diaectic¢ 54,1 

Dial-bird. [ad. Hindi dahiyal or dahil, the 
native name in Upper India.] An Indian bird 
(Copsichus saularis), also called Mag)ie-robin ; 
hence sometimes extended to the genus Cofsichus. 

1738 E. Atsin Nat, Hist. Birds 111. 17 These Birds were 
brought from Bengall in the year 1734, and are called by 
the Natives the Dial-Bird. 1812 Smettie & Woop Buffon’s 
Nat. Hist. X1, 261 The East India bird which the English 
that visit the coasts of Bengal term the Dial-bird. 1859 
TENNENT Ceylon II. vu. vii. 254 The songster that first 
pours forth his salutation to the morning is the dial-bird. 

Dialdane (deijelden’. Chem. [f. Di-2 + 
Aup(0OL+-ANE.] ‘A compound, C; H,, O3, formed 
by the condensation of two molecules of aldol, with 
elimination of one molecule of water’. Hence 
Dialda‘nic a. in dialdanic acid. 

1879 Watts Dict. Chem. 3rd Suppl. 631. + 

Dialect (doialekt). [a. F. déalecte (16th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), or ad. L. dialectus, Gr. dudAeKtos dis- 
course, conversation, way of speaking, language of 
a country or district, f. d:adéyeoGae to discourse, 
converse, f, 5a- through, across + A€yew to speak.] 

1. Manner of speaking, language, speech ; esp, a 
manner of speech peculiar to, or characteristic of, 
a particular person or class; phraseology, idiom. 

1579 E. K. Ded. to iSpenrers SN Cad, Neither..must.. 
the common Dialect and manner of speaking [be] so corrupted 


DIALECT. 


thereby, that [etc]. Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1599) 
41 By corruption of iin 4 they false dialect and misse- 
sol it. 1638 Penit. Con/. vii. (1657) 191 Such a dialect 
which neither Men nor Angels understand. 1663 Burien 
Hud. 1. i. 93 A Babylonish Dialect, Which lea: Pedants 
much affect. 1740 J. Clarke Zduc. Youth (ed. 3) 172 The 
Lawyer's Dialect would be too hard for him. 1805 Foster 
Ess. 1. iv. 163 Naturalized into the theological dialect by 
time and use. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Kes. ui. vii. (1858) 155 
Knowest thou no Prophet, even in the vesture, environment, 
and dialect of this age? 1857 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Poets 
iii, 87 They lay aside the learned dialect and reveal the 
unknown powers of common speech. 


Jig. 1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M.1. ii. 188 In her youth | 


There is a prone and speechlesse dialect, Such as moue 
men. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 384 The ocular dialect needs no dictionary. | 

2. One of the subordinate forms or varieties of a 
language arising from local peculiarities of vocabu- 
lary, pronunciation, and idiom. (In relation to 
modern languages usually spec. A variety of speech 
differing from the standard or literary ‘language’ ; 
a provincial method of speech, as in ‘speakers of 
dialect’.) Also in a wider sense applied to a par- 
ticular language in its relation to the family of 
languages to which it belongs. : 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccles. Hist. 70 Certaine Hebrue 
dialectes. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World u. 496 The like 
changes are very familiar in the Aeolic Dialect. 1635 
Pacitr Christianogr. 73 The Slavon tongue is of great 
extent: of it there be many Dialects, as the Russe, the 
Polish, the Bohemick, the Ilyrian..and others. 1716 Lond, 
Gaz. No. 5497/1 He made a Speech .. which was answered 
by the Doge in the Genoese Dialect. 1794 S. WILLIAMS 
Vermont 200 A language may be separated into several 
dialects in a few generations. 1841 Evruinstone //ist. 
Ind. |. iv. 203 Pali, or the local dialect of Maghada, one of 
the ancient kingdoms on the Ganges. 1847 HattiweLt 
Dict. Eng. Dialects (1878) 17 The Durham dialect is the 
same as that spoken in Northumberland. 1873 Hare /x 
His Name viii. 71 Vhat dialect of rustic Latin which was 
already passing into Italian. ; 

b. attrib., as dialect speech, speaker, poents, spect- 
mens. 

+3. =Dravectic sh.) 1. Obs. 

1gsr I. WiLson Logike (1580) 2 b, Logike otherwise called 
Dialecte (for thei are bothe one) is an Arte to trie the corne 
from the chaffe. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles IL. 1v. 223 We 
may draw forth the force of this Platonic Argument, in 
Plato’s own dialect thus. 1691 Woop 4 th. O-ron. I. 395 He 


had a Tutor to teach him Grammags, and another Dialect. | 


1698 J. Fryer Acc. LE. Ind. & P. 362 [They] teach Aristotle's 
Dialect, and the Four Figures of Syllogism. 

attrib. 1761 Sterne Tr. Shandy 1V. 35 The learned .. 
busy in pumping her [Truth] up thro’ the conduits of dialect 
induction, 

Dialect, v.: see List of Spurious Words.) 
ialectal (daidlektal), a. [f. prec. + -AL: 
cf. mod.F. déa/ectal.] Belonging to or of the nature 
of a dialect. 

1831 Hor. Q. Rev. VII. 380 We cannot consider them mere 
dialectal variations. 1834 H. O’Brien Round Towers [rel. 
121 It was a mere dialectal distinction, appertaining to the 
court-language..of the times. 1873 A. J. Nias President's 
Address in Trans. Philol. Soc. 208 Vheir historical relations 

[are] considered, and their dialectal differences explained. 
* 3880 J. E.C. WeLLvon in Academy 24 July 58 Dialectal 
peculiarities might still creep into the Homeric text. 1885 
/bid. 29 Aug. 134/2 August Corrodi’s dialectal poetry is re- 
markable for its humour and naturalness. 


Hence Dialecta‘lity, dialectal quality. 


1864 Furnivatt in Reader 22 Oct. 514/2 The dialectality 


or provinciality of the prefixed 4, 

Diale‘ctally, adv. [f. prec.+-1y%.] a. In 
a dialectal manner; in dialect. b. = DIALEcTI- 
CALLY I. 

1840 G. S. Faner Regeneration 391 The two have no dia- 
lectally necessary connection. 1890 F. Hatt in Nation 
(N. Y.) L. 316/3 An archaism still existent dialectally. 

Di-alected, a. nonce-wd. [see -ED 2} (In 
comb.) Having or speaking a (specified) dialect. 

— E. Howarp X. Reefer lv, The .. cockney-dialected 

os! 


Dialectic (daialektik), sd.1 Forms: 4dialatik, 
5 (dialiticus), dialetike, -yk, dyaletyque, 6 
dialectik(e, 6-7 -ique, 7-9 -ick, 7- -ic. [a. OF. 
dialectique, -etique (1athc. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. 
dialectica fem. sing., ad. Gr. % Siadrexrinn (sc. 
téxvn) the dialectic art, the art of discussion or 
debate, fem. sing. of dadexTiuxds adj.: see next. 
The L. dialectica was also treated as a neuter 
pl., whence the later Eng. diadectics.] 

1. The art of critical examination into the truth 
of an opinion; the investigation of truth by dis- 
cussion; in earlier English use, a synonym of Locio 
as applied to formal rhetorical reasoning ; logical 
argumentation or disputation. . 

riginally, the art of r i disputation i 
and tae, . iavertal iA sere Be to Aristotle, Gy tenn of 
Elea, and scientifically auedinpaa by Plato, by whom the 
term dcaAextixy was used in two senses, (a) the art of defini- 
tion or discrimination of ‘ideas’, ” the science which views 
the inter-relation of the ideas in the light of a single prin- 
al the good’; corresponding broadly to logic and meta- 
physic. By Aristotle the term was confined to the method 
of ble reeecnna, as o dd to the demonstrative 
method of science. ith the seceel rhetoric and dialectic 
formed the two branches of A j, logic, in their application 
of the term ; and down th: the Middle Ages "halectica 
was the regular name of what i Ww ‘logic’, in 


310 


alle the lawes of dialatik, in proposicoun, assumpcoun, etc. 
.) Prestis of 


Philos. v. (1701) 174 
whereby we confirm or confute any thing by Questions 
Answers of the Disputants. 1865 Grote Plato I. ii. 96 Zeno 
stands announced as the inventor of dialectic .. the art of 
cross-examination and refutation. 1874 W. Wa.tacr Logic 
of Hegel vi. 127 The Platonic philosophy first gave the free 
scientific, and thus at the same time the objective, form to 
Dialectic. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. 11. 22 He has nothing 
of the Pauline method of dialectic. 1889 Courtney Mill27 
The Platonic ideal of Dialectic. .the giving and receiving of 
reasons. . : 
b. Also in pl. form Dialecties (cf. mathematics. 

1641 Mitton Animadz. i. (1851) 192 Bishop Downam in his 
Dialecticks will tell you [etc.]. 1781 Gisson Decl. & F. U1. 
lii. 263 The human faculties are fortified by the art and 
pane of dialectics. 1796 Br. Watson Afol. Bible 224 
‘ou will pardon my unskilfulness in dialectics. 1853 MArs- 
pen Early Purit. 336 The dialectics of those times afford no 
—- of reasoning more acute than the examinations of 
the martyrs. 1873 Dixon 72wo Queens III. xiv. viii. 112 If 
Henry wearied of dialectics. : ; 

2. In modern Philosophy: Specifically applied 
by Kant to the criticism which shows the mutually 
contradictory character of the principles of science, 
when they are employed to determine objects 
beyond the limits of experience (i.e. the soul, the 
world, God); by Hegel (who denies that such 
contradictions are ultimately irreconcilable) the 
term is applied (a.) to the process of thought by 
which such contradictions are seen to merge them- 
selves in a higher truth that comprehends them ; 
and (b.) to the world-process, which, being in his 
view but the thought-process on its objective side, 
develops similarly by a continuous unification of 
opposites. 

1798 Witticn Elem. Critical Philos. 65, 3. Of the divi- 


‘sion of general Logic, into Analysis and Dialectic. 4. 


O. the division of transcendental Logic, into transcendental 
Analysis and Dialectic. 1819 J. Richarpson tr. Aant's 
Logic 17 It would become a dialectic, a logic of appear- 
ance .. which arises from a mere abuse of the analytic. 
1838 [F. Haywoop] tr. Aant's Crit. Pure Reason 267 
There is therefore a natural and unavoidable dialectick 
of pure reason .. which irresistibly adheres to human 
reason, and even when we have discovered its delusion, 
still will not cease to play tricks upon reason, and to 
push it continually into momentary errors. 1856 FERRIER 
/nst. Metaph. w. xyi. 134 This reduction. .could not have 
been effected upon any principle of psychological strategy. 
It is a manceuvre competent only to the dialectic of neces- 
sary truth. 1874 W. Wactace Logic of Hegel i. 14 That 
dialectic is the very nature of thought. .forms one of the 
main lessons of logic. /éid. vi. 126 By Dialectic is meant 
an indwelling tendency outwards and beyond. . Dialectic is 
. the life Pe | soul of scientific progress, the dynamic which 
alone gives an immanent connexion and necessity to the 
subject-matter of Science. 1880 J. Cairp Philos. Relig. 
viii. 229 An idea which expresses the inner dialectic, the 
movement or process towards unity, which exists in and 
constitutes the being of the objects themselves. 1888 
Watson Philos. Kant 137 Transcendental Dialectic must... 
be satisfied with bringing to light the illusion in trans- 
cendent judgments, and guarding us against its deceptive 
influence. | : 
ialectic (doidlektik), a. and sd.2 [ad. L. 

dialectic-us, a. Gr. dradextixds of or pertaining to 
discourse or discussion, f. didAeeTos ; see DIALECR. 
Cf. mod.F. déalectique.] 

A. adj. 

1, Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of logical 
disputation ; argumentative, logical. 

pi B. Discolliminium 35 If 1 should read this Dialec- 
Sque straine tomy Mare. 1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. a 
Their several Modes of Philosophizing, both Symbolic, ai 
Dialectic. 1843 GLavstone Glean. V. Ixxix. 68 A more artful 
and constant resort to dialectic subtleties. 1846 tr. #. Von 
Schlegel’s Philos. Hist, 89 This question cannot be settled 
«, by mere dialectic strife. i é 

2. Addicted to or practising logical disputa- 
tion. 


1813 W. Taytor Eng. Synonyms (1856) 51 Is it [prodessa) 
a oe dialectic verladion of, yrs dee sd: Nee Wiancece Rhet. 
in Encycl. Metrop. 303/t An indistinct, hesitating, dialectic, 
or otherwise faulty, delivery. . Torrens in Jrnd. 
Asiat. Soc. Bengal 13 Another alphabet, dialectic of the 
Hebrew. 1851 D. Witson Pre, Ann. IL.1v. i. 185 The close 
dialectic affinities between Celtic Scotland and Ireland. 
B. sb.2 [The adj. used absolutely. ] 

A dialectic philosopher, one who pursues the 
dialectic method; a critical inquirer after truth ; 
a logical disputant. 


DIALECTOLOGY. 


31640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. Pref. 25 As 
Induction, the Dialectiques seem scarce ever to have taken 
it into any serious consideration. 1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles 
ut gt Thou callest a Dialectic one who iders the reason 
of every Being: for he that accurately discerneth things 
is a Dialectic. 1801 Moore Nature's Labels 20 As learned 
dialectics say, The argument most apt and ample For 
common use, is the example. 

Biale‘ctical, a. (si.) [f. as prec. + -au.] 

1. =Dsa.eori¢ a. 1. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 116 Theyr 
dialectical. 1656 Srantey //ist. Philos, v. (1701) 164 
.-Dialectical, used by such as discourse in short questions 
and answers. 1657 North's Plutarch Add. Lives (1676) 39 
Instructed in the Rhetorical, Dialectical, and Ast ical 
Arts. 1850 Grote Greece ul. Ixvii. VILL. 460 Dialectical 
skill in no small degree is indispensable. 1876 A. M. Farr- 
BAIRN in Contemp, Rev. June 132 The dialectical pot in 
which ecclesiastical dogma had been cooked. 

b. Belonging to, or of the nature of, dialectic in 
its later philosophical developments of meaning. 

1788 Reip Aristotle's Log. v. § 1. 106 When the premises 
are not certain but probable only, such syllogisms are called 
dialectical. 1838 [F. Haywoop] tr. Aaxt’s Crit. Pure 
Reason 64 Universal Logic, considered as Organon, is always 
a Logic of Appearance, that is, is dialectical. 1874 W. Wat- 
Lace Logic Hegel vi. 128 The physical elements prove to 
be Dialectical. The process of meteorological action is the 
appearance of their Dialectic. 1877 E. Cairn Philos. Kant 
ut. xviii. 633 The Cosmological argument is a nest of dialec- 
tical assumptions. 1888 Watson Philos. Kant 289 Pure 
reason is always dialectical. Z 

2. = DIALECTIC a. 2. 

1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 356, 1 entertained 
— recollections from certain experiences at the Dia- 
ectical Society. 

3. = DIALECTAL. 

I Hovces Job Prel. Disc.(T.) At that time the Hebrew 
and Arabick language was the same, with a small dialectical 
variation only. 1847 Hattiwett Dict. Pref. (1878) 7 Separ- 
ating mere dialectical forms. 1861 Max Mitrer Sc. Lang. 
v. 199 A language, not yet Sanskrit or Greek or German, 
but containing the dialectical eae of all. 

B. sé. = Diarectic sé.! 1, 

a1529 SkeLton Replyc. 96 In your dialectical! And prin- 
ciples sillogisticall If ye to remembrance call. 

Diale‘ctically, adv. [f. prec. +-1¥ 2.] 

1. By means of dialectic; in dialectic fashion ; 
argumentatively, logically. 

a neat 9 Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) as You may 


mentation is i 


Dialectician Cp rns [a. F. déalecticien 
(Rabelais, 16th c.), f. L. dialectic-us DIALECTIC a. : 
see -ICIAN. 

1. One who is skilled in dialectic; a master of 
argument or disputation ; a logician. 

@ 1693 Urquuart Rabelais ui. xix. 155 According to the 
Dialecticians. a17§1 Botrscsroke Author. in Relig. xii. 
(R.), An art that..might help the subtile dialectician to op- 
pose even the man he could not refute. 1791 S. Parr Seg. 
to Print. Paper (R.), The great poetical dialectician 
[Dryden]. 1827 Hattam Const. Hist. od 1. iv. 218 The 
terseness or lucidity which long habits iterary warfare 
.. have given to some expert dialecticians. 185: Loner. 
Gold. Leg. v1.73 For none but a clever dialectician Can th 
to become a great physician. @ 186a Buckie Civilis. (1869) 
III. v. 287 y were acute Neen peepee Po rarely blun- 
dered in what is termed the formal part of logic. 

2.A —_ student of dialects, 

py cu Bothie, Lindsay the read: ch pee the 
Piper, the Dichotician, .Who is tees Suike created a 
dialect new fo the ay — — big sha — 
Cumbld. ‘estm ntig. Soc. V1. 272 However we 
Cctablished [his] pini dialectici: be. 


may 
Dialecticism (doiilektisiz’m). [f Diavecric 
+-IsM.] The characteristic tendency or influence 


| of dialect. 


1888 Academy 14 Jan. 27 Dialecticism, phoneticism, ellipsis. 

Diale'ctics, sé. f/.: see Dratecti¢ sé. 1 b. 
ialecti:ze, v. rare. [f. Diarzcr + -128.] 

trans. To make into a dialect, or make dialectal. 


1883 G. Sternens S. Bugg’ Stud, N. Mythol. 23 1 has 


even time to 

(daialektg'lédzi). [f. Gr. d:a- 
Aexro-s DIALECT + -LOGY.] The study of dia- 
lects; that branch of philology which treats of 
dialects. 


1879 President's Addr, Philol. Soc. 32 Materials for the 
dialecto! of a single province. Sweer Eng. Sounds 
Lb ate obscure and tortuous paths of Old English 

Hence Dialecto‘loger, Dialecto‘logist, one 


versed in dialectology; Dialectolo'gical «., pcr- 
taining to dialectology. 

1879 ident’s Addr. Philol. Soc. 32 A dialectological 
i i 1881 Ath 


23 Apr. 554/3 ‘The county 
i two of 


Sarre to the dial ~ an 
nglish dialect. 1883 A.M. Exuiorr in Amer. Jrni. Philol. 
i ist must be fastidious indeed who 


IV. The 
rd not be sati with this extraordinary mass of 
material. 


a a a 


ee ee ae, 


DIALIST. 


Diralector. rave—°. [f. DraLEct + -or.] 

1847 Craic, Dialector, one learned in dialects, Hence in 
mod. Dicts, 2 

Diale-ctual, a. rave. [irreg. f. Diatrcr; cf. 
effect, effectual.) = DIALECTAL. 

1854 G. Latruam Native Races Russian Emp. 256 
Dialectual varieties increase as we go westwards. 1856 
Kitto & Atexanver Cyc. Bibl. Lit, (1863) 188/2 Dialectual 
varieties of pronunciation, 

Dialer, Dialing: see DiatimrR, DIALLING. 

Dialetike, -yk, obs. forms of DIALECTIC. 

Dialist (dai-alist). [f. Dransd.1+-1s7.] Amaker 
of dials ; one skilled in dialling. 

BY T. Stirrup (¢it/e), Horometria; or the Complete 
Diallist. 1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 346 Helps to a young 
Dyalist for his more orderly and quick making of Dyals. 
1776 G. Campsett Philos. Rhet. (1801) 1. Introd., The archi- 


tect, the navigator, the dialist. 
Di-a-lkalamide. Chem. See Dr- * and ALKa- 


LAMIDE. 

1866 E. Franxvanp Lect. Notes Chem. Stud. 375 Secon- 
dary and tertiary monalkalamides, dialkalamides, and trial- 
kalamides, are known, | : 

ll Miallage 1 (daijzeladzz). Rhet. [mod.L. dial- 
lagé, a. Gr. duadAayf interchange, f. dadAay- aorist 
stem of diadddooey to interchange, f. da through, 
across + dAAdooev to change, make other than it 
is, f. dAXos other. ] 

A figure of speech by which arguments, after 
having been considered from various points of view, 
are all brought to bear upon one point. 

1706 in Pxitiips (ed. ager 1831 Crayons front Commons 
é And when a whole diallage was rear’d, Chagrined he 
ound that no one member cheer’d. 

Diallage ? (dei-alédzy. Aviv. [a. F. diallage, 
f. Gr. d:aAAay7 (see prec.), named by Haiiy 1801, 
from its dissimilar cleavages.] A grass-green 
variety of pyroxene, of lamellar or foliated struc- 
ture: formerly applied more widely to similar 
minerals, such as hypersthene, bronzite, etc. 

1805 R. Jameson Char. Min. 11. 605 Smaragdite, Saus- 
sure .. Diallage, Hauy. 18rr Pinkerton Petral. I. 353 
Metallic diallage, from Saxony. 1865 L’Estrance Vachting 
round W. Eng. 222 Some Serpentine is permeated by veins 
of golden diallage. 1879 Ruttey Stud. Rocks x. 121 Some 
of the so-called diallages belong rather to enstatite than to 
pyroxene, since the crystallisation is rhombic. 

attrib. 1843 Porttock Geol. 211 Hypersthene .. passes 
into a greyish-green diallage, and, with a greenish felspar, 
forms the very beautiful diallage rock of those localities 
[Athenry]. 1855 J. D. Forses Tour Mt. Blanc xi. 237 The 
boulders here seemed to be gabbro or diallage rock. 

Hence Diallagic (doidledzik), a. |F. dalla- 
gique), Diallagoid (dai, lagoid), a., containing or 
resembling diallage. 

1847 Craic, Diallagic. 1879 RutLey Strut. Rocks x. 125 
The diallagic augite sections are broad. /é7d. x. 132 The 
diallagoid augite of Boricky. 

Dialled (doi-ald), 497. a. [f. Dian sd.) or v. + 
-ED.] Measured or marked by a dial. 

1817 T. L. Peacock Melincourt 111. 50 The careless hours 
.. Still trace upon the dialled brass The shade of their un- 
varying way. 1891 W. Tuckwett Tongues in Trees 145 
Six hours to toil, the rest to leisure give, In them—so say 
the dialled hours—live. 

+ Dirallel. Ods.—°. [ad. Gr. &4AdAndos through 
one another.] (See quot.) : 

a Biount Glossog”. s.v., As parallels are lines running 
one by the other without meeting: so Diad/e/s are lines which 
run one through the other, that is, do cross, intersecate, or 
cut. [Hence in Baitry, Asu, etc.]. 

|| Diallelon (doial*loun). Logic. [mod.L. f. 
Gr. 5 dAAnAwy through or by means of one another: 
see prec.] Definition in a circle, i.e. definition by 
means of a term which is itself defined by the de- 
fined word. 

1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Lagze xxiv. (1860) II. 17 The 
ancients called the circular definition by the name of 
Diallelon, as in this case we declare the definitum and the 
definiens reciprocally by each other (8’ aAA/Awr). 

|| Diallelus (daial7ls). Zogic. [mod.L. f. 
Gr, (rpémos) &aAAnNAOs reasoning in a circle: see 
prec. (In mod.F. dtal/2/e.)] Reasoning in a circle ; 
i.e. endeavouring to establish a conclusion by 
means ofa proposition which is itself dependent on 
the said conclusion. 

1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Logic xxvi. (1860) IT. 51 The 
proposition which we propose to prove must not be used as 
a principle for its own probation. The violation of this rule 
is called the Ordis vel circulus in demonstrando,—diallelus. 

_ Hence Dialle‘lous a., involving reasoning or 
defining in a circle. In mod. Dicts. 

Dialler, dialer (doi-alo1). [f. Dian si.1+ 
-ER!,] One who makes a survey of mines by the 
aid of a ‘dial’ or compass. 

1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Riij, This Roofing .. if done 
by a skillful Dialer, and by a Dial that he is acquainted with 
-.is certain enough. 1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 204 In 
the same manner the Dialler takes his second measurement. 

Dial-less, Dial-like: see D1At sé.1 8 b. 

Dialling, dialing (doidlin), vdZ. sd. [f. Dian 
sb.) and v. +-ING!.] 

1. The art of constructing dials. +b. The 
measurement of time by a dial (ods.). 3 

1570 Dee Math. Pref. 37 Horometrie .. in Englishe, may 


311 


be termed Dialling. 1593 Fave (¢ét/e), The Art of Dialling ; 
teaching an easie and perfect way to make all kinde of 
Dialls vpon any plaine platte, howsoeuer placed. 1703 
Moxon Mech. Exerc. 307 ‘These Rules of adjusting the 
Motion of the Shadow to the Motion of the Sun, may be 
called Scientifick Dyalling, 1727-51 Cuambers Cycé., Diad- 
Zing, the art of drawing sun, moon, and star-dials, on any 
given plane, or on the surface of any given body. 1837 
Wuewe it Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 122 Another result of 
the doctrine of the sphere was Gnomonick or Dialling. 

2. The use of a ‘ dial’ or compass in underground 
surveying. 

1670 Sir J. Perrus Fodina Regalis 2 He is directed to- 
ward the Shaft by a Needle touch’d with a Loadstone, the 
using whereof is called Dialling. 1778 W. Pryce din. 
Cornub, 202 Dialling is requisite in almost every shaft. 

+ 8. concr. Apparatus of the nature of dials. rave. 

17586 Nucent Gr. Tour I. 258 A handsome garden, in 
which there is a variety of dialling. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as dialling-globe (see 
quot.) ; dialling-scale, graduated lines on rulers, 
the edge of quadrants, etc., to facilitate the con- 
struction of dials; dialling-sphere, a variety of 
dialling-globe. 

1666 Coiins in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) Il. 462 A 
dialling scheme of Mr, Foster’s, 1706 Puittips (ed. Kersey’, 
Dialling-Globe, an Instrument made of Brass or Wood, 
with a Plane fitted to the Horizon, and an Index particu- 
larly contrived to draw all sorts of Dials, and to give aclear 
demonstration of that Art. 1767 Phil. Trans. LVI. 389 
A new Method of constructing Sun-Dials .. without the 
Assistance of Dialing Scales. 

Diallogite: see D1aLociTe. 

Di-a'llyl. Chem. [Di-2.] a. 5d. The organic 
radical allyl in the free state, C; H,)=C, H;» C; H;: 
see ALLYL. b. attrib. and Comb, Containing two 
equivalents of allyl. 

1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 389. 1880 FE, CLemtnsHaw tr. 
Wurtz Atomic Th. 265 Free allyl or diallyl, has doubled 
its molecule. ; hele ’ 

Dialogic (daidlg-dzik), a [ad. med.L. dalo- 
gic-us, a. Gr, iiadoytds, f. BidAoryos DIALOGUE: see 
-1c. In mod.F. déalogigue (18th c.)] Of, pertaining 
to, or of the nature of dialogue; sharing in dialogue. 

1833 THirtwatt in PArlol. Mus. 11. 560 The dialogic form 
had not then become so indispensable with Plato. 1850 
Bracke schylus 1. Pref. 44 The iambic or dialogic part 
of ancient tragedy. 1886 //arfer’s Mag. Sept. 642 Several 
dialogic personages. 

Dialogical (doidlpdzikal), a. 
-AL.] = prec. 

1601 Deacon & Watcker (¢7¢/e), Dialogicall Discourses of 
Spirits and Divels. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Med. u. ii. 1. 
(1651) 258 That dialogicall disputation with Zacharias the 
Christian. 1880 E. Oprert Forbid. L. Pref. 9 For the sake of 
a more vivid description, especially in the dialogical parts. 

Hence Dialo'gically, adv. 

1766 Gotpsm. Vic, W. vii, If you are for a cool argument 
.-are you for managing it analogically or dialogically ? 

pee (daize'lodziz’m).  [ad. L. dtalo- 
gismus the rhetorical figure (see sense 1), a. Gr. 
diadoyopuds balancing of accounts, reasoning, con- 
versation, debate, f. diadoyifecOar to DraLoaize : 
see -ISM. In F. déa/og?sme (1557 in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. Rhet. The discussion of a subject under the 
form of a dialogue, to the personages of which the 
author imputes ideas and sentiments. 

1580 Fu_ke Retentive 306 (T.) His foolish dialogism is a 
fighting with his own shadow. [1589 PuTrennam xg. 
Poesie wt. xix. (Arb.) 243 This manner of speech is by the 
figure Dialogismus, or the right reasoner.] 1609 R. Brr- 
NARD Faithfull Shepheard 67 Yialogisme.. is, when a 
question is made, and forthwith readily answered, as if two 
were faking together. 1659 D. Strokes Tzvelve Minor 
Proph, Pref.(L.), Enlarging what they would say. . by their 
dialogisms and colloquies. 

2. A conversational phrase or speech; a D1,- 
LOGUE, spoken or written. 

1623 Cockeram Eng. Dict. u, A Talking together .. Dia- 
logisme, 1647 Trarr Comm. Matt. xxv. 37-9 Not that there 
shall be then any such dialogism (say divines) at the last 
day. 1651 Life Father Sarpi (1676) 74 Such Dialogisms as 
these past betwixt them, 1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 444 Byron 
will never write a tragedy, though he sent ten dialogisms to 
the Albemarle-street Press, 

3. Logic. A-term introduced for a form of argu- 
ment having a single premiss and a disjunctive 
conclusion. 

The kind of argument is as follows: ‘A B is an unimagin- 
ative man; therefore either he is not a true poet, or true 
poets may be men without imagination.’ The name implies 
a parallelism to the —— 

1880 C. S. Peirce Algebra of Logic in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 
III. 20 In this way any argument may be resolved into 
arguments, each of which has one premiss and two altern- 
ative conclusions. Such an arg t, when co d 
may be called a Dialogism. 

Dialogist (doijxelédzist). [ad. L. dialogista, 
ad. Gr. dadoyorns, f. diddoyos; see DIaLoGuE 
and -1st; in F, dialogiste (17th c.). See also 
Dratogurst.] 

1. One who takes part in a dialogue; one of the 
personages in an imaginary dialogue. 

@ 1677 Barrow Ser. Wks, 1686 II. 114 The like doth Cicero 
[assert]..in the person of his Dialogists. x STERNE 77. 
Shandy UI, xxxvii, The dialogist affirmeth, That a long 
nose is not without its domestic conveniences also. 1847 
De Quincey Milton v. Southey Wks. X11. 176 The two dia- 
logists are introduced walking out after breakfast, 


[f. as prec. + 


DIALOGUE. 


2. A writer of dialogues, 

a1660 Hammonp /V&s, II. 232 (R.) If we will believe the 
dialogist’s reasonings. 1711 SHaFTess. Charac. (1737) II. 
v. ii. 292 The Characters, or Personages, employ’d be our 
new orthodox Dialogists. 1839 Macinn in Fraser's Mag. 


- XX, 271 The doctor had never read the Greek dialogist, 


Dialogistic (daidlodzi-stik’, @ [ad. Gr. da- 
Aoyarixds of or for discourse : see prec. and -1C.] 
Having the nature or form of dialogue; taking 
part in dialogue ; argumentative. 

1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11, 11. g2 In their disputes or 
Dialogistic ratiocinations. 1882-3 Scuarr /ucycl. Relig. 
Kunowd. 11. 1390 The form of the book [Malachi] is dialo- 
gistic,—an assertion of the prophet followed by an excuse 
of the people, which in turn is refuted. 

Dialogi'stical, cz. [f. prec. +-a1.] = prec. 

1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. 185 Two dialogistical 
conjurers, with their dramatick enchantments, change the 
scene. rae - 

Dialogi'stically, av. [f. prec. + -1y2.] 
In dialogistic fashion ; in manner of a dialogue. 

a 1654 J. RicHarpson Ox Old Test. 449 ('T.) In his pro- 
phecy he [Malachi] proceeds most dialogistically. 

Dialogite (doijelodzait). AZ. Erron, diall-. 
[Named by Jasche about 1817 from Gr. d:adoyn 
‘doubt, selection’ : see -1tE.] A rose-red carbonate 
of manganese ; a synonym of rhodochrostte. 

1826 Emmons Min. 215 Dialogite. 1835 Surrarp J7iz. 
134 Diallogite. 

Dialogize (doi,elédzaiz), v. See also D1aLo- 
Guize. [mod. ad. Gr. dadoyifesbar to converse, 
debate, f. &dAoyos DiaLocue; in F. dalogiser, 16- 
17thc.: see -IZE.] 7d. To converse, discuss, or 
carry on a dialogue (wth), Hence Dia logizing 
vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 

1601 Dracon & WALKER Sfirits & Divels To Rdr. 12 This 
dialogizing manner of dealing. 1677 GaLr Crt. Gentiles IIL. 
Iv. 402 Plato .. brings in Socrates dialogising with young 
Alcibiades. 1 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 254 He did not 
think it was their work to dialogize with any man without 
dores, 1854 Lowett Le??. (1894) I. 211 In them also there 
are dialogizing and monologizing thoughts, but not flesh 
and blood enough. 

Dialogous (aie logos), a. rare. [f. L. dta- 
log-us, Gr. BidAoy-0s DIALOGUE + -OUS.] Of or be- 
longing to dialogue; in quot. = dialogue-writ- 
ing. 

1737 Fietvine /ist. Reg. Ded., The iniquitous surmises 
of a certain anonymous dialogous author. 

Dialogue (deaialyg), sd. Forms: 3-7 dialoge, 
(4 dialoke, -logg, -log), 5-6 dyalogue, 6- dia- 
logue. [a. F. da/oge (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
mod.F. dialogue, ad. L. dialogus, Gr. &adoyos con- 
versation, dialogue, f. iadéyeo@a to speak alter- 
nately, converse ; see DrALEct.] 

1. A conversation carried on between two or more 
persons; a colloquy, talk together. 

(The tendency is to confine it to two persons, perhaps 
through associating d/a- with d@/-: cf. aonologue. 

1gor Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 109 ‘Vo make with the a dia- 
logge, I holde it bot wast. 1509 Fisher /'un. Sere. C'tess 
Richmond Wks. (1876) 289 A dyalogue, that is to saye a 
comynycacyon betwyxt .. Martha, and our sauyour Jhesu. 
1599 SHAKS. A/uch Ado i. i. 31 Feare you not my part of 
the Dialogue. 1749 Fiecpinc Zo Youcs VI. xvi. ii, A 
short dialogue..then passed between them. 1865 DickENs 
Mut. Fr. 1. ix, Bella had closely attended to this short 
dialogue. 

b. (without A/.) Verbal interchange of thought 
between two or more persons, conversation. 

¢ 1532 Dewes /xtrod, Fr. (in Palsgr. 1052) By way of dya- 
logue betwene the lady Mary & her servant Gyles. 1595 
Suaxs. Yohn1. i, 201 In Dialogue of Complement. 1651 
Hopses Leviath. u. xxv. 133 To enter into Dispute, and 
Dialogue with him. 1725 Pore Odyss. xv. 532 So passed 
in pleasing dialogue away The night. 1859 Gro. Ex1o1 
A. Bede 87 That is the great advantage of dialogue on horse- 
back ; it can be merged any minute into a trot or canter. 

2. A literary work in the form of a conversation 
between two or more persons. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 76 Pis beod sein Gregories wordes, in his 
dialoge. c1zgzeg £. A. Addit. P. B. 1157 Danyel in his 
dialokez devysed sum tyme. 1493 Dives § Paup., Here 
endith a .. dyalogue of Diues & pauper. @1531 /’0/. 
Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 35 A Dyalog betwixt the gentylman 
and the plowman. 1588 Snaks. 1. Z. L. v. ii. 895 Wil you 
heare the Dialogue that the two Learned men haug com- 
piled, in praise of the Owle and the Cuckow? 1751 JoHNsON 
Rambler No. 156 ® 7 Tragedy was a Monody .. improved 
afterwards into a dialogue by the addition of another speaker. 
1838 THIRLWALL Greece IV. 275 Plato, in one of his dia- 
logues, introduces Anytus as vehemently offended with 
Socrates. 1882 Temperance Mirr. Mar, 63 Uncle Job's 
‘Theory, A Dialogue [between 5 persons]. 

b. (without Z/.) Literary composition of this 
nature; the conversation written for and spoken 
by actors on the stage ; hence, in recent use, style 
of dramatic conversation or writing. 

1589 PutrenHAM Eng. Poesie 1. xi, (Arb.) 41 Others who 
. by maner of Dialogue, vttered the priuate and familiar 
talke of. .shepheards, heywards and such like. 1656 Srantey 
Hist. Philos, v. (1701) 174/2'The Writings of Plato are by 
way of Dialogue. 1779-8 Jounson L. ?., Smith Wks. iL 
468 The diction. .is too luxuriant and splendid for dialogue. 
1829 Lytton Disowned 98 Your book is very clever, but it 
wants dialogue. 1841 Etpxinstone Hist. /ud, I. 283 The 
plots are generally interesting; the dialogue lively. 1880 
Grove Dict, Mus, 11. 531/1 [In Opéra comigque] the dénoue- 
ment is happy, and the Dialogue spoken. 


DIALOGUE. 


+3. Such a composition set to music for two or 
more voices, Ods. 

1653 J. Piavrorp (¢it/e), Select Musical Ayres and Dia- 
logues. 657) De pe (title), Ayres and Dialogues to be 
sung to the bo-Lute or Bass Viol. 1659 — (¢#t/e) (in 
Grove Dict. Aus: 1. 580) Ayres and Dialogues for One, 
Two, and Three Voices. ' 

4. attrib. and Comb., as dialogue-author, -novel, 
-piece, writer; Aialogue-wise adv., in the form 
of a dialogue. 

1561 Veron (tit¢/e), The Hvntynge of Purgatorye to Death, 
made Dialogewyse. 1612 Woopatc Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 
19* Explained Duloets wise, betwixt the Authour and a 
Military Surgeon. 1711 Suartess. Charac. (1737) II. 317 
The form or manner of our dialogue-author, 1732 Fiecpinc 
Covent Gard. Trag. Prolegom., A Tragedy is a thing of 
five acts, written dialoguewise. 1768 Foote Devil on 2 
Sticks m1. Wks. 1799 II. 280 A kind of circulating library, 
for the vending of dialogue novels. 1783 Hust. Miss Balti- 
mores 1. 211, I will write it dialogue fashion. 1861 J. M. 
Neate in Lit. Churchman VII. 375/1 It is a poem written 


dialoguewise. 

Dialogue (dai-dlyg), v. [f. prec. sb.; cf. F. 
dialoguer (1717 in Hatz.-Darm).] Hence also 
Dialogued ///. a., Di‘aloguing wé/. sd. 

1. intr. To hold a dialogue or conversation. 

1607 SHAks. Tinton u. ii. 52 V'ar. How dost Foole? Afe. 
Dost Dialogue with thy shadow? 1685 7rialof HH. Cornish, 
efc. 28 You must not stand to Dialogue between one another. 
1741 Ricuarpson Pamela IL. 45 Thus foolishly dialogued I 
with my Heart. 1817 CoteripGe Biog. Lit. (1882) 286 
Those puppet-heroines for whom the showman contrives to 
dialogue without any skill in ventriloquism. 1858 CarLyLe 
Fredk, Gt. 1. w.v. 426 Much semi-articulate questioning 
and dialoguing with Dame de Roucoulles. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Tobacco-seller (Arb.) 59 Where 
men dialogue with their noses, and their communication is 
smoak. 1892 Sat. Rev. 18 June 709/2 With oboe obbligato 
dialoguing now with sopranos, now with tenors. 

+ 2. trans. To converse with. Ods. 

1699 F. Bucc Quakerism Exposed g To dialogue the 
Bishops, and call them Monsters. /é%d, 27 ‘Vhe Quakers 
dialogu’d the Bishops. 

3. To express in the form of a dialogue; to 
furnish with dialogue. 

1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 132 And dialogu’d for him 
what he would say. 1781 Map. D’Arstay Diary May, 
Our conference grew very grave .. | have not time to dia- 
logue it. 1885 Academy 16 May 356 A tale full of human 
interest, brightly dialogued. 1887 Contemp. Rev. May 717 
‘The prodigious skill of his dialogued argumentation, 

Dialoguer (daialpga1). rare. [f. prec. +-ER1.] 
One who takes part in a dialogue; = D1ALo- 
GIST I. 

1879 G. Mrrepitu £go/s¢ I. xvii. 314 A polished whisperer, 
a lively dialoguer, one for witty bouts. 

Dialoguist (doi-ilpgist). [f Dranocue sd. + 
-1st.] A writer of dialogue ; = DIALogisT 2, 

1739 Fitiz. Cartertr. Alearotti on Newton's Philos.(1742) 
II. 60 ‘The Azolian Dialoguists. 1888 Pall Mall G. 3 July 
11/1 The whimsical dialoguist of the Happy Islands. 

Dialogui:ze, 7. ?0vs.: see Dianocize. [f. 
as prec. + -IZE.] tr. To take part in dialogue ; 
to converse. Hence Di‘alogui:zing v/. sd. 

1599 Broughton's Lett, xii. 42 Euripides and Menander, 
Socrates and Epicurus dialoguising and conferring together, 
1603 Harsner /’0f. /mpost. xxiii, 166 Upon questioning 
and Dialoguizing with the Devil. a1619 Fornrrsy A theom. 
1. xii. § 3 (1622) 126 ‘These interlocutorie and dialoguising 
dreames. 

Di‘al-plate. [f. D1aisé.' + Prate.] The face- 
plate of a dial; spec. (in Clock-making) the sheet 
of metal, glass, etc. on the face of which the hours, 
etc. are marked; = Draw sé. 4. 

1 Lond, Gaz, No. 2603/4 A little Gold Watch with 
a white Enamell Dial-Plate, made in France, 1781 Cowrer 
Conversation 380 The circle formed .. Like figures drawn 
upon a dial-plate, 1826 J. Scorr Vis. /aris (ed. 5) 63 

iches .. in which different ..names might be slid .. in 
the same way as the ever-changing days of the month are 
slid into the dial-plates of our clocks. 1840 Carty.e //eroes 
iii, (1858) 263 His characters are like watches with dial-plates 
of transparent crystal. 

fig. 1829 Lytton Disowned 59 Every stroke upon the 
flat plate of wit was true to the _ of the hour. 18 
Emerson Nature, Lang. Wks. (Be “4 Il. 153 The visible 
world .. is the dial plate of the invisible. : ; 

b. A graduated plate used with a lapidary’s dial. 

1875 Ure Dict. Arts 111. 42 A needle. .marks by its points 
the divisions on the dial-plate. 

Dialuwric, a. Chem. [f. Di-2 + AL(Loxan) + 
pls In dialuric acid, CyN. Hy, Oy, an acid ob- 
tain ~ hydrogenizing alloxan, which crystallizes 
in needles, and forms, with metals, salts called 
Dialu'rates. Hence Dialu'ramide, the primary 
amide in which the replacing radical is that of 
dialuric acid, 7 

1845 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem, 1, 60 On treating 

ui] with sulph ted hydrogen, we obtain ,. dialuric 
acid, Warts tr. Gmelin's Chem. X. 158 Dialurate of 
Potash. ited on mixing a potash-salt with aqueous 
dialuric acid, Warts Dict. Chem. V. 958 Dialuric 
and uric acids may be regarded as tartron-ureide and 
tartron-diureide respectively. 

= (dai:li), ad. Gr, diadv-, stem (but not 
regular combining form) of d:aAv-ew to part. asun- 
der, separate, used as the first element in many 
botanical terms, with the sense of ‘separated’, or 


812 


‘non-united’, Synonymous terms are usually found 
in Apo- and Poty-. Thus Dialycarpel (-ka-1pél) 
[see Carpet], ‘an ovary or fruit with ununited 
carpels’ Syd. Soc. Lex. Dialycarpous (-ka-1pas),a. 
(Gr. «aprés fruit], having the carpels distinct. 
Dialypetalous (-petilas) a., having the petals dis- 
tinct. Dialyphylous (-fi'los) a. [Gr. pvAAor aleaf], 
having the leaves distinct. So Dialysepalous, 
Dialysta‘minous adjs, having the sepals, the 
stamens, distinct. . 

1849 Henrrey AXudim. Bot. (1858) 100 More correctl 
called dialypetalous, with the petals distinct. 1859 Cc 
Dresser Kudim. Bot. 346 It is said to be a | 
dialycarpous. 1866 7yeas. Bot., Dialyphyllous, the same 
as Polysepalous. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 5. 244 Dialy- 
petalous (used by Endlicher) has the same meaning, poly- 
petalous. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., ity Daag aving 
separate leaves. /did., Dialysepalous, having the sepals 
distinct; same as Polysepalous. Jbid., Dialystaminous, 
having separate, distinct stamens. 

Di ‘sable, -zable, az. [f. Diaryse v. + 
-ABLE. So F, dialysable.] Capable of separation 
by dialysis. In mod. Dicts. 

i sate (daije'lizt). Chem. [f. DIALYsE + 
-ATE!.] That portion of a mixture that remains 
after dialysis. 

1 . ArtrieLp Chem, (1885) 811 The portion passing 
through the septum is termed the diffusate, the portion 
which does not pass through is termed the dialysate. 

Dia‘lysa:tor. Chem. rare. [f. Diatyse, with 
L. agent-suffix -a/or.] = DIALYSER. 

1891 Daily News 16 Jan. 2/3 It does not belong to the 
group of so-called toxalbumins, as it can withstand high 
temperatures, and in the dialysator passes quickly and easily 
through the membrane. 

se, -ze (daialaiz), 7. Chem. [f. Diary- 
sis, after analyse.] trans. To separate the crys- 
talloid part of a mixture from the colloid, in the 
process of chemical dialysis. 

1861 Grauam in Phil. Trans, 186 The mixed fluid to be 
dialysed is poured into the hoop upon the surface of the 
parchment-paper. /éid. 205 The solution is the more dur- 
able the longer it has been dialysed. 1885 A. W. Byrn 
in Leisure Hour Jan. 23/1 Salt dialysed through the walls 
into the distilled water. 

Hence Di'alysed f//. a., that has undergone the 
= of dialysis; dialysed iron, a soluble ferric 

ydroxide, prepared by dialysis, used in medicine. 
Dialysing vd/. sd. and ff. a. 

1867 [see Diatytic 1]. 1875 H. C. Woov 7heraf. (1879) 
9 Dialyzed Iron..is a clear, neutral, nearly tasteless, dark- 
red liquid, prepared by dialyzing a solution of the chloride 
of iron, 1 . G, Stevenson in Pop. Sc. Monthly XXIV. 
771, Membranes possessing dialyzing power. 

Dialyser,-zer daialoizar). Chem. [f. DIALYSE 
+-ER!,] An apparatus for effecting dialysis; a 
vessel formed of parchment or animal membrane 
floated on water into which the crystalloids pass 
through the membrane, leaving the colloids behind. 

1861 Granam in Phil. Trans, 186 The vessel described 
(dialyser) is then floated in a basin containing a considerable 
quantity of water. 1861 V. 4& Q. 7 Dec., The Dialyser, in- 
vented by Thomas Graham, Esq., F.R.S., Master of the 
Mint, is an Apparatus for effecting Chemical Analysis rd 
means of Liquid Diffusion, 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 1. 
316 A sheet of this parchment stretched on a_hoop of thin 
wood or gutta percha forms a very convenient dialyser, 
1864 H. Srencer Biol. 1, 20 Combined substances between 
which the affinity is feeble, will separate on the dialyzer. 

Dialysis (dsi,x'lisis). Pl. dialyses. [a. Gr. 
&dAvars separation, dissolution ; f. 5aAvew to part 
asunder, f. da- through, asunder + Avew to loose.) 

+1. XRhet. a, A statement of disjunctive proposi- 
tions. b. =Asynpeton. Ods. 


DIAMAGNETIC. 


the Detection of Poisons by Dialysis. 1878 Foster Phys. a 

ut. i, 194 By dialysi: Srmay Coca pentane Postion F 
comb, A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 197 , 
Place the filtered brine in a or vessel of the pre- 

pared Care parcnaet: 

Dialyue (daialitik), a. [ad. Gr. &aduTieds able 
to dissolve, f. daAvros separated, dissolved, f. da- 
Avew:; see DIALysIs.] 

1. Chem. Of the nature of or pertaining to chemi- 
cal dialysis. 

1861 Granam in Phil. Trans. 186 The most suitable of all 
substances for the dialytic septum appears to be the com- 
mercial material known as le parchment or parch- 
ment paper. 1867 J. Artrrietp Chem. (1885) 813 Di 
iron or dialytic iron. 1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. Mus. 

§ 2546 Experiments on ane tion and dialytic separation of 
gases by colloid septa. 

+2. Med. ‘Relating or pertaining to dialysis 
(sense 3); relaxing.’ Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. Obs. 

3. Geol. and Min. (See quot.) 

1877 A. H. Green Phys. Geol. iii. § 1. 93 Those derivative 
rocks, which have been formed not by the mechanical wear 
and tear of pre-existing rocks, but by the chemical decom- 
position of their constituents, are sometimes called Dialytic. 

Math, Of or pertaining to the differentiation 
of equations by the process of dissolution described 
in the quotation. : 

1853 Syivester in Phil. Trans. CXLIII. 1. 544 Diabytic. 

If there be a system of functions containing in each term 
different combinations of the powers of the variables in 
number equal to the number of the functions, a resultant 
may be formed from these functions, by, as it were, dissolv- 
ing the relations which connect together the different com- 
binations of the powers of the variables, and treating them 
as simple independent quantities linearly involved in the 
functions. The resultant so formed is called the Dialytic 
Resultant of the functions supposed; and any met 

which the elimination between two or more equations can 
be made to depend on the formation of such a resultant is 
called a dialytic method of elimination. 

5. Dialytic telescope : a telescope in which achro- 
matism is effected by means of two lenses separated 
and placed at some distance from each other. 

1846 E. West tr. Peschel’s Elem. Physics 11. 136 Prof, Litt- 
row of Vienna in 1827 .. proposed that the tel: should 
be fitted up with its proper object glass of crown glass; and 
that a flint glass lens, of much smaller diameter, should be 
placed at a proper distance behind the former, to counteract 
the prismatic dispersion of the rays. The name of dialytic 
telescopes was given to these instruments, 

i i adv, [f. DIALYTIC + -AL + -LY.2] 
By way of dialysis; by the dialytic method of 
elimination in mathematics. 

1873 G. SaLmon sd, ead Plane Curves The actual 
elimination of A is easily performed dialytically. 

+ Dia’ m. Khet. Obs. [L., a. Gr. 7d dea- 
Avrov, subst. use of didAvros: see DIALYTIC, 
Diaysis 1b, 

1657 J. Smitn Myst. Rhet. 182 Dialyton .. is all one with 
Asyndeton. 1706 Puitwirs (ed. Kersey), Dialy/on, a Rhe- 
torical Figure, when several Words are put together with- 
out any Conjunction Copulative. 17a1 in Battery, 

i t (daisimeegnét). [f. Dia- pref.) - 
+ Macnet; cf. next.) =DiaMaGyeric sd. 

1864 in Weester. 1871 TynpALL Fragm. Se. (1879) I. 

xiii. 380 Each man walking over the earth's surface is a 


true diamagnet. 
i etic (doi:imegne'tik), a. and sé, [f. 
Gr. &a- Dia- fre/.' through, across + MAGNETIC, 
Teer by Faraday in 1846, first as sb., and then as 
Je 
A. adj. 

1. Of a body or substance: Exhibiting the pheno- 
mena of DIAMAGNETISM; the opposite of magnetic 
or paramagnetic. 

A diamagnetic substance in the form of a bar or the like, 
when Jed freely and exposed to magnetic force, takes 


1586 Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 98 Diadisis, a sep 
tion of one thing from another, nei d being absolved by a 
severall reason, in the nature of a Dilemma, as thus. .If you 
remember it, I have said enough, if not, my words will not 
provoke you. 1589 Purrennam Zng, Poesie 1. xix:(Arb.) 
230 A maner of speach [Dialisis, or the Dismembrer] not, so 
figuratiue as fit for argumentation, and worketh not vnlike 
the dilemma of the Logicians. 1823 Crane Technol. Dict., 
Dialysis, (Rhet.). .i.e. asyndeton, a figure of h in which 
several words are put together without being connected to- 
gether by a conjunction, as ven#, vidi, vict. 

+2. Gram. =Dixresist, Obs. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Dialysis, in grammar, a charac- 
ter, consisting of two points” placed over two vowels of 
aword, which would otherwise make a diphthong; but are 
hereby parted into two syllables. As in Mosaic. 1818 E. 
V. Biomrienn tr. Matthiz’s Gram. (1829)'p. xlviii, "EéArero 
is not a dialysis of #Arero but comes from ééAnomac, 

+8. Med. Dissolution of strength. Ods. 

1823 Crane Technol. Dict., Dialysis. .a dissolution of the 
strength, or a weakness of the limbs. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Diadysis, an old term for weal of the les of the 
limbs. oA F 

4. Path. Solution of continuity. 


1811 Hoorer Dict., Dialysis, a solution of continuity, or — 


a destruction of parts. 


be al- 
to the 


Reader 22 Oct. 516 (heading), On 


the 
BA) diffusion through a septum of 


uatorial position, i.e. at right angles to the lines of 
the force ; a paramagnetic (or magnetic) substance takes an 
axial position, i.e. in the direction of lines. 

1846 Farapay Exper. Res. in Electr. in Phil. Trans. 1. . 
42 § 2348 The metals which are magnetic retain a por- 
tion of their power after the great change has been effected, 
or in what might be called their diamagnetic state. 1849 
Mrs. Somervitte Connect, Phys. Sc. xxxiii, 369 Substances 
affected after the manner bismuth [when ded 
between the poles of an Cg YO: are said to be dia- 

netic, Warts Dict. Chem. M11. 777 The same 
he medina: tweak poe _ mr: toL jos to 
the medium ich it is b uppilt.to Lis 
7 Jan. 9 Vp ar ig on ig | 
magnetic effects are transmitted less readily than through air. 

2. Belonging or relating to diamagnetic bodies, 


or to di * 

5 1846 egy" E. = Res. Electr, in ping ewe I. 26 
ve alr, glass, water, etc, diamagnetics 

(2149), 80 I will distinguish these lines by the term diamag- 

ae OO jon to and di from 


an i 


se. Se ee 


to ic influence. 1855 H. 
SPENnceR 


direction 


nomena of DIAMAGNETISM. 
1846 Farapay Zxfer. Res. con in Phil. Trans, 1. 2 


§ 2149 By a dic tic, | mean th which 
lines of magnetic force are passing 


a 
s 
t 
‘ 
i 
: 
eee EE : 
Bz 
i 
aN 
ee ON ee ee ee 


i 


their 


secon dont Ane Oe Ted ais ginme, ane Oe 
. ar 
inches square oa o5 oF an inch thick, having flat and 


a ee eee 


DIAMAGNETICALLY. 


polished edges, was placed as a diamagnetic between the 
les. 1871 Tynpatt Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. xiii. 375 The 
y used to excite this diamagnetic, 

Diamagne'tically, adv. [f. prec. + -au + 
-1.Y 2,] In the manner of a diamagnetic body, or 
of diamagnetism. Also fig. 

1850 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 2) 88 Their optic axis 
points diamagnetically or transversely to the lines of mag- 
netic force. 1871 TyLor Prim. Cult. 11. 388 The influence 
of the divine Sun. . still subsists as a mechanical force, acting 
diamagnetically to adjust the axis of the church and turn 
the body of the worshipper. — 

etism (doi:amegnétiz’m). [f. Dia-t 

+ MAGNETISM, after diamagnetic.| a. The pheno- 
mena exhibited by a class of bodies, which, when 
freely suspended and acted on by magnetism, take 
up a position transverse to that of the magnetic 
axis, i.e, lie (approximately) east and west; the 
force to which these phenomena are attributed ; 
the quality of being diamagnetic. b. That branch 
of the science of magnetism which treats of dia- 
magnetic bodies and phenomena. 

1850 W. Grecory Lett. Anim, Magnetism p. xv, He does 
indeed propose to include under the general term Magnetism 
two forms of it; viz. Paramagnetism .. and Diamagnetism. 
1854 J. ScoFFERN in Or7’s Circ. Sc. Chem. 273 The. .begin- 
ning of the science of dia-magnetism. 1873 Watts Fovwzes’ 
Chem. (ed. 11) 88 Diamagnetism must be regarded as a force 
distinct from magnetism. 1877 Le Conte Alem. Geol. (1879) 
184 Apparent diamagnetism of cleaved slates under certain 
conditions. a Z é 

agnetize (doi:ime-gnétaiz),v. [f. Dra-! 

+ MAGNETIZE, after diamagnetic.) trans. To render 
diamagnetic; to cause to exhibit diamagnetism. 

1877 Mitter & McLrop Elem, Chem. 1. (ed. 6) 677 The 

* bismuth bars .. will become diamagnetized. 

Hence Diama:gnetiza‘tion, the action of dia- 
magnetizing, or condition of being diamagnetized. 

In mod, Dicts. : 

Diama:gneto'meter. [f. Dramacner ism) 
+ Gr. wérpov, after magnetometer.) An instrument 
for measuring diamagnetic force. 

1886 Wormett'tr. Von Urbanitsky’s Elect. in Serv. Man 
(1890) 180 Weber constructed an instrument, the diamag- 
netometer, by means of which he measured the magnetic 
moment of bismuth, : 

Diamand(e, -mant, -maund(e, etc., obs. ff. 
DIAMOND. ' 

Diamantiferous (dei:imenti-férss), a. [f. 
after mod.F. diamantifere, fF. diamant DIAMOND: 
see -FEROUS.] Diamond-producing. 

1878 in Academy 14 Sept., The diamantiferous sands of 
the valleys. 1880 CLerkr in Fraser's Mag. 822 The dia- 
mantiferous districts of Brazil. 

Diamantine (deiime-ntin), @. and sd. [a. F. 
diamantin (16th c. in Littré); f. déamant DIAMOND : 
see -INE.] A. adj. 

1. Consisting of, or of the nature of, diamond ; 
containing or producing diamonds. 

1605 TIMME Quersit. 1. xil. 49 That he might reduce the 
more pure and ethereall mercury .. into a christalline and 
dyamantine substance. 1 Phil. Trans. XI, 755 Iron- 
hooks, with which they fetch out the Diamantin-oar, 1827 
Monrcomery Pelican [si. 1x. 149 Day after day he pierced 
the dark abyss. . Till he had reach’d its diamantine floor. 

2. Hard as diamond, adamantine. Ods. 

1gg1 Syivester Du Bartas 1. iv. (1641) 35/2 Destinies hard 
Diamantine Rock. a 1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Poems Wks. 
(1711) 29 Doors of eternity, With diamantine barrs. 

. 50, 

1. A preparation of adamantine or crystallized 
boron, used as a polishing powder for steel work. 

1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 86 A name may be 
removed from an enamel dial by gently rubbing it with 
a little fine diamantine on the point of the finger. ar 4 
lbid., Diamantine, a preparation of crystallized boron muc 
esteemed as a polishing powder for steel work, 

2. ? A fabric with diamond-shaped pattern. 

1832 Last Anglian 21 Feb. (in Queen 19 May 1883), Cor- 
deretts, diamantines, chiveretts. 

+ Dia‘mber. Pharm. Obs. Also diambre, 
diambar. [a.F. diamdre, in med.L. diambra: see 
Dra-2 and AmBer.] An old stomachic and cordial 
containing ambergris, musk, and other aromatics. 

1 Warope tr. Alexis’ Secr. 10a, He made her also 
eate the confection of Diambre. 1608 Mippteron Mad 

World i. ii, Mixed in a stone or glass mortar with the 
spirit of diamber. é : 
i eso us (dai:imésp'gdmas), a. Bot. 
[f. Gr. d:aueoor the intervening part (f. 64 through 

+ péoo-s middle) + yay-os marriage + -ous.] Of 
flowers: Fertilized by the intervention of some 
external agency, as that of insects or the wind. 

[1883 D’Arcy Tompson tr. Mfiiller’s Fertil. Flowers 14 
Plants which require external aid to bring their reproductive 
elements together are termed ‘ Diamesogamz’.] 

Diametarily, erroneous f. DIAMETRALLY. 

Diameter (dei,"m/tar). Also 4-6 diametre. 
[a. OF. dia-, dyametre (13th c. in Littré; mod.F’. 
diambtre), ad. L. diametrus, -os, a. Gr. Sidperpos 
(sc. ypauuy line) diagonal of a parallelogram, dia- 
meter of a circle, f. dd through, across + uérpoy 
measure. ] 

1. Geom. A straight line passing through the 
centre of a circle (or sphere), and terminated at 

Vou, III. 


313 


each end by its circumference (or surface). Hence 
extended to a chord of any conic (or of a quadric 
surface) passing through the centre; and further, 
to a line passing through the middle points of a 
system of parallel chords (or through the centres 
of mean distances of their points of intersection 


with the curve), ina curve of any order. b. The 
Draconan of a parallelogram. (0bs.) ¢@. gen. 


A line passing from side to side of any body 
through the centre. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 71 Pe dyameter [of] a 
figure [is] be lengest even lyne pat is devysed berynne, take 
who pat may. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Anowl.1. De®, And all 
the lines that bee drawen crosse the circle, and goe by the 
centre,are named diameters. 1551 — Cast. Anovw/. (1556) 18 
Euery right lyne that passeth from side to syde in a globe, 
and toucheth the centre, is aptely called a diameter. 1635 
N. Carrenter Geog. Del. 1. v. 110 All the Diameters of the 
world concurre, and cut one the other in the Center. 1660 
Barrow Euclid 1. Def. xxxvi, In a parallelogram, when a 
diameter .. [is] drawn. 1726-7 Swirr Gulliver u. iv. 129, 
I paced the diameter and circumference several times. 1796 
Hutton d/ath. Dict. s.v., Diameter, of any Curve, isa right 
line which divides two other parallel right lines, in such 
manner that, in each of them, all the segments or ordinates 
on one side, between the diameter and different points of 
the curve, are equal to all those on the other side. This is 
Newton's sense of a Diameter. But, according to some, a 
diameter is that line, whether right or curved, which bisects 
all the parallels drawn from one point to another of a curve. 
1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 35 The Thorax. .is measured 
by means of certain ideal lines, named its diameters, which 
pass from the sternum to the vertebral column, or from 
one side to the other. All the diameters are greater below 
than above, 1885 LeupEsporF Cremona’s Proj. Geom. 217 
If any number of parallel chords of a conic be drawn, the 
locus of their middle points is a straight line. . This straight 
line is termed the diameter of the chords which it bisects. 

d. fig. ? Central line, axis. Ods. 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Balade our Ladie (R.), O stedfast diametre 
of duracion That fewe feres any time might thou finde For 
none to him was founden halfe so kinde. 

2. The transverse measurement of any geometrical 
figure or body; the length of a straight line drawn 
from side to side through the centre, esf. of a circle 
or body of circular, spherical, or cylindrical form ; 
width; thickness. 

¢139% Cuaucer Asfrol. 1. $38 Let this pyn be no lengere 
than a quarter of the diametre of thi compas. 1557 RecorDE 
IVhetst.iv. b, A Gonne of sixe inches diameter in the mouthe. 
@ 1635 Corset Poems 192 The just proportion. .Of the dia- 
meter and circumference. 1703 Moxon Mech. E-verc. 273 
A Chimny, whose Diameter between the Jambs is eight feet. 
1774 Gotpso. Nat. Hist. (1776) VIII. 106 [A wasp] boring a 
hole..not much wider than the diameter of its own body. 
1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. §& Art 1. 312 The power and 
the weight will balance each other, when the power bears the 
same proportion to the weight that the diameter of the axis 
bears to the diameter of the wheel. 1868 Lockyer Elem. 
Astron. ii. (1879) 39 The diameter of the Sun is 853,380 miles. 

tb. elizpt. with numeral expressions : =:0/ (such a) d/a- 
meter, or =in diameter (4 a). Obs. 

1663 GERBIER Counsel 69 Balls twelve inches Diameter. 
1718 Lavy M. W. Montacu Leé. ¢o C'tess Bristol 10 Apr., 
The dome ..is said to be one hundred and thirteen feet 
diameter. 1825 J. NicHoLson Oferat. Mechanic 191 Some 
+. Were not more than 3} inches diameter. 

ce. Geom. The length of the diagonal of a paral- 
lelogram. (obs.) +d. Arith. A number that is 
the square root of the sum of the squares of the 
two factors of a DIAMETRAL number (and hence 
may be represented by the diagonal of a rectangle 
whose sides are proportional to these factors, the 
rectangle itself representing the ‘diametral num- 
ber’). Ods. 

1557 Recorpve Whetst. Dj, x 
diametralle number 120 [=8 X 15]. 
of that platte forme. 

e. Arch. The transverse measurement of a 
column at its base, taken as a unit of measure- 
ment for the proportions of an order. 

1604 Drayton Ow/e 629 Of Columnes the Diameters doth 
tell. oe Bi Cuampers Cycl. s. v., Diameter of a Column, 
is its thickness just above the base. From this the module 
is taken, which measures all the other parts of the column. 

jameter of the Diminution, is that taken from the top of 
the shaft. Déiameter of the Swelling, is that taken at the 
height of one-third from the base. 1 Gwitt Archit: 
mm. 1, § 2556 Vitruvius in this order [the Tuscan] forms the 
columns six diameters high, and makes their diminution one 
quarter of the diameter. 1850 Leircn Miller's Anc. Art 
§ 54 The columns in the temple of Ephesus were eight 
diameters high. 

f. As a unit of linear measurement of the mag- 
nifying power of a lens or microscope. (Cf. also 
quot. 1665 in 4.) 

1856 Emerson Lug. Traits, First Visit Wks. (Bohn) II. 
3 His microscopes, magnifying two thousand diameters, 

g. Whole extent from side to side or from en 
to end, a 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1v. i. 41 [Slander], whose whisper o’er 
the world’s diameter, As level as the cannon to his blank, 
Transports his poison’d shot. ¢ 1645 Howe. Le?t. I. vi. 
Xxxviil. 261, I have traversed the Diameter of France more 
than once. : 

+3. The diametrical or direct opposite; con- 
trariety, contradiction, Also e//ipt.=in diameter 
4b. Obs. 

1579 J. Stusses Gaping Gulf Ay, What a diameter of 
religion were it for vs dwelling among Christians, to admit 


is the diameter to that 
Ibid., 5 is the diameter 


| 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


DIAMETRALLY. 


from ouer sea, the sons of men in mariage? 1661 GLANVILL 
Vanity of Dogmatizing 76, 1 shall not undertake to main- 
tain the Paradox, that stands diameter to this almost 
Catholic opinion. 

4. Phrases. J diameter. a. lit. in sense 2 (with 
numerals, etc.) : In measurement across through the 
centre ; in width or thickness, (Formerly also 77 
the diameter.) 

1577 Dre Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 356 A trunk of fire, which 
..seemeth to be 4 foot over in the Diameter. 1665 PAi/. 
Trans. 1. 60 It would magnifie but 600 times in Diameter. 
a1719 Avpison /taly (‘T.), The bay of Naples. .lies in almost 
a round figure of about thirty miles in the diameter. 1858 
Hose Veg. Kingd. 110 The fruit hangs from the tree [baobab] 
by a stalk two feet long and an inch in diameter. 

+b. Diametrically, directly (with words denoting 
opposition or contrariety); in direct opposition. 
{After Gr. é¢ Siapérpou avrixeto@ai to lie diametri- 
cally opposite.] (Usually fg.) Also (in lit. sense 
by a diameter. Obs. (Cf. DIAMETRICAL 2, 2b.) 

1543 TRAHERON V7go's Chirurg. v1. i. 181 By flebothomie 
onthe contrary syde byadiameter. 1598 B. Jonson /'v. A/an 
in Hum. 1. vii, To come to a publike schoole.. it was 
opposite (in diameter) to my humour. 1643 Mu-ton /)ivorce 
u. xxi. (1851) 122 To hinder .. those deep and serious re- 
gresses of nature .. is in diameter against both nature and 
institution. 1643 Sir T. Browne Kedig. Aled. 1. $3 ‘Vo stand 
in diameter and swords point with them. /d/d.1. § 51 It is 
not worthy to stand in diameter with Heaven. 

+e. Lz a diameter: in a direct line, directly. 
Obs. (Cf. DIAMETRICALLY 3.) 

a168r J. Lacy Sir H. Buffoon 1. Dram. Wks. (1875) 228 
Deriving our pedigree in a diameter from the best blood of 
Europe. 

Hence Dia‘metered a., of a (specified) diameter. 

1707 SLOANE Yamaica I. 57 A two or three inch long dia- 
meter’d broad woody.pedestal. /d¢:?. 63 A foot diameter’d, 
large, broad, roundish root. 

+ Dia‘meterly, av. Obs. rare. 
-LY 2.] = DIAMETRICALLY 2b. 

1603 Frorio Montaigne mi. ix. (1632) 560 Libertie and idle- 
nesse .. are qualities diameterly contrary to that mysterie. 
16 Ames Agst. Cerem. 1. 518 So diameterly contrary to it. 

y ‘meter-wise, av. Obs. =prec. 

1600 W. VauGuan Direct. Health (1633) 133 Being dia- 
meter-wise repugnant to our Makers commandment. 

Diametral (daijem/tral’, a. and sé. [a. OF. 
dyametral (14th c. in Godef, Supp/.; mod. . diameé- 
tral), ad. med.L. diametralis, f£. diametrus D1A\- 
METER : see -AL.] A. adj. 

1. Of or relating to a diameter ; of the nature of 
or constituting a diameter. 

Diametral plane: (a) Geom, a plane passing through the 
centre of a sphere or other solid ; (4) C7yst¢. a plane pass- 
ing through two of the axes of a crystal (see DiametRric 1). 

1855 Even Decades 6 An other Tande: .whose Diametral 
syde extendynge frome the Easte to the weste, they iudged 
to bee a hundreth and fyftie myle. 1668 CuLreprer & Cor 
Barthol. Anat, 1. iii. go The Diametral wideness of the 
lower Belly. 1676 Moxon Print Lett. 46 Through this 
Circle draw a.. Diametral line. 1833 HerscHet Astron, 
iii. 151 In the orthographic projection, every point of the 
hemisphere is referred to its diametral plane or base. 1865 
W.S. Atpis Elem. Solid Geonr, vi. (1886) 85 The locus of 
the middle points of a system of parallel chords of a surface 
is called the diametral surface of the system. 1877 Huxtry 
Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 162 The diametral folds of the oral 
aperture, 31881 Maxwe.t ects. § Magn. 1.12 A diameter 
of an ellipsoid and its conjugate diametral plane. 

+b. Forming, or situated in, a straight line. Ods. 

1594 Biunpevit Exerc. ut. 1. xv. (ed. 7) 307 When the 
Sunne, the Earth, and the Moone be met in one selfe dia- 
metrall line. 1647 H. More Song of Sowd 1. 1. xlvii, The 
Sunne and Moon combine,”*Then they're at ods in site 
Diametrall. 

+2. Arith. Diametral number: one that is the 
product of two factors the sum of whose squares is 
asquare. (Cf, DIAMETER 2d.) Ods. 

Thus 32+42=5?; then 3x 4=12 is a diametral number. 

1557 Recorpe Whetst. Civb. 1674 Jeaxe A77th. (1696) 
179 Diametral numbers .. are produced as Oblongs, by mul- 
tiplying their proper parts together. /7d. 181 All Diametral 
Numbers do set forth a Plain Rectangled Triangle, having 
all 3 Sides known. 

+3. =DIAMETRICAL 2. Ods. 

1628 Donne Sern. Ixxii. 726 There is not so direct and 
Diametrall a contrariety between the Nature of any Sinne 
and God, as betweene him and Pride. 164x Lp. J. Dicsy 
Sp. in Ho. Com, 21 Apr. 11, I see the best Lawyers in dia- 
metrall opposition. 1666 Sancrorr Lex /gnea 22 Yourown 
Oppositions direct and Diametral toGod. 1768 Life Sir 
Barth. Sapskull 1. 56 The genius of pleasure is a diametral 
contradiction to the spirit of trade and commerce. 

+B. sb. Obs. 

1. A diametral line, diameter. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 56 The incession or 
locall motion of animals is made. . by decussative diametrals, 

uincunciall Lines andangles. 1676 Moxon Print Lett. 47 
Through the Diametral c, ¢, draw another Diametral line. 

2. A diametral number: see A. 2. 

1674 JeaKe Avith. (1696) 184 If 540, or 432, etc. be Dia- 
metrals, then 54,000 and 43,200 be the like. 

Dia'metrally, adv. [f. pree.+-L¥ 2] 

1. In the way of a diameter; in a line passing 
through the centre. 

[x Bk. St. Albans, Her. F ivb, The lawiste parte ex- 
tendys to the lawist parte of the shelde dyametralitfer].] 
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poeste 1. (Arb.) 111 Ouerthwart and 
dyametrally from one side of the circle to the other. @x 
Merve View Apoc. Wks. v. 917 Which Beasts are here said 
to be ‘in the midst of the Throne’ and ea ee the 

4 


[f. .pree. + 


DIAMETRIC. 


Throne ’, that is, diametrally placed round about the Throne. 
1882 ‘ag. Dec. 193 Meteoric streamers 
from the sun. 


By E. G. D'Acosta's Hist. 


h 


Indies 1. 6 When as the 

roundnesse of the earth opposeth itselfe di: lly betwixt 

her (the moon] and the sunne. 1616 MakLowe ‘aust. iv, 

23 Let thy left eye be diametrally (Q. 1604 diametarily] 
xed on my right heel. 

+3. a. Zit, =DIAMETRICALLY 2a. Obs. 

1563 Futke Meteors (1640) 376 The center. .of the Rayne- 
bow fs Diametrally opposite to the center [of the Sun]. 
1594 Buunpevit Exerc. ut. 1. xv. (ed. 7) 307 Moone [is] 
said to be diametrally opposite to the Sunne.. When a right 
line drawne from the Center of the Sunne, to the Center of 
the Moon, passeth thorow the Center of the earth. 1652 
Gaute Magastr, 4a, There are yet in Heaven two Stars 
Diametrally opposite one to the other. 

+b. fig. =DIAMETRICALLY 2b. Obs. 

©1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr, in Palsgr. 1077 Coldenes and 
drinesse..ben diametrally opposite and contrary to hete 
and moisture, 1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 2 Diametrally re- 
pugnant to the anciently established... Doctrine. 1647 Cup- 
WORTH Serm,on1 S. Fohnii. 3-4 One that should encourage 
that.,which is diametrally opposite to God’s. . Being. 

Diametric (doidme'trik), a. [ad. Gr. dape- 
tpikds, f. diduerpos DIAMETER: see -IC.] 

1. Relating to or of the nature of a diameter ; 
diametral. 

1868 Dana Min. Introd. (1880) 20 By a diametric plane 
or section. .is meant a plane passing through any two of the 
crystallographic axes. 

2. Of opposition or the like: == DIAMETRICAL 2. 

1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross IV. 51 She is. the dia- 
metric reverse of her sister Lady Clavington. 1886 J. A. 
Aupis in Academy 3 July 2/2 The diametric, the irreconcil- 
able, discord between James Hinton and ‘Church teaching’. 

Diametrical (daiime'trikal), a. [f. as prec. 
+-AL.] 

1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a dia- 
meter; passing through or along a diameter; 
diametral. 

1§53 Even Treat. Newe Ind. Ep. to Rdr. (Arb.) 10 They 
were .. antipodes, walking feete to feete one agaynste the 
other, almost as directly as a diametrical lyne. 1615 Mark- 
HAM Pleas. Princes, Angling iii. (1635) 16 He should have 
knowledge in proportions of all sorts, whether Circular, 
square, or Diametricall. 1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's Amphith. 
291 The diametrical Passage following cross-ways. 1864 H. 
Srencer /dlustr. Univ. Progr. 282 A current proceeding in 
a diametrical direction from the equator to the centre. 

2. Of opposition or the like: Direct, entire, com- 
plete (like that of two points on a circle at opposite 
ends of a diameter: cf. DrAMETER 4b). Usually fig. 

1613 Jackson Creed 1, 221 The Diametricall opposition 
betwixt the spirit of God and the Spirit of the Papacie. 
1642 Furcer Holy & Prof, St... xx. 207 The East and 
West Indies. .whose names speak them at diametricall op- 
position. 1753 Smottetr Ct, Fathom (1784) 29/1 Advice 
improperly administered generally acts in diametrical oppo- 
sition to the purpose for which it is supposed to be given. 
1874 H. R. Reynotps Fohn Baft. iv. § 1. 247 The dia- 
metrical difference between the Talmud and Christianity. 

+b. Directly or completely opposed, either in 
nature or result. Ods. 

1647 Sactmarsu Spark/, Glory (1847) 117 When Christians 
are under several forms and administrations, and these 
diametrical, or opposite to each other. 1670 G. H. Hist. 
Cardinals 1. 1. 55 The two profest diametrical Enemies of 
those virtues. 1734 Nortn E-vamt. 1. ii. § 31 (1740) 46 
‘The Revolution was very quick and diametrical. 

+e. quasi-adv. =DIAMETRICALLY 2. Oés. 

1653 J. Curtwinp Dead Speaking 16 Such diametrical op- 

posite effects... from the same cause. 
iame , adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ 2.] 

1. In the manner or direction of a diameter; 
along the diameter; straight through. : 

1695 Woopwarp Nat. //ist. Earth m. i. (1723) 137 The 

Vapour. .cannot penetrate the Stratum diametricaly. 
T. Taytor Pausanias 111. 95 Its breadth, measured dia- 
metrically, 7. be conjectured to be about four cubits, 
1826 Scorr Mal. Malagr. i, 53 This true course cannot 
always be followed out strai it and diametrically. 1889 
Nature 7 Nov. 13 The molecules, which he represents dia- 
metrically. ‘ 

2. In the way of direct or complete opposition. 
Usually with opposite, opposed, contrary : Directly, 
exactly, entirely, completely, (Cf. prec. 2.) a. Jit, 
of physical opposition. 

c 2648 Howe tt Lett. (1650) I. 1. xxvii. 44 Two white keen- 
pointed rocks, that lie under water diametrically opposed. 
1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1.13 This Planet will not always 
attend the Sun, but sometimes be diametrically opposite to 
it, 1870 R. M. Fercuson Zéectr, 32 These points are not 
diametrically opposite each other. 

b. fig. (The usual sense.) 

T, Avams Exf, 2 Peter ii. 10 Vice cannot consist 
with virtue, because it is diametrically ite. 1672 
Ctarenvon “ss, Tracts (1727) 241 That men of equal learn- 
ing .. integrity and .. isty, should differ so comehuceny 
from each other. 1799 J. Rosertson Agric. Perth 2% t 
is diametrically contrary to the genius of the British con- 
stitution. 1856 Froupr Hist. Eng. I. 118 That the positions 
of England and Spain toward the would be diame- 
trically changed. 1872 Minto Eng. Prose Lit. 1. i. 51 Two 
kinds of emotion. .diametrically antagonistic. 

+3. Directly, in an exact line (with) ; in the way 
of complete agreement. Ods. rare. 

1661 Sir H. Vane's Politics 6 My Judgement runs dia- 
metrically with his. 


314 


), @. and sé 


(dai-amiktpnik 3 
[f Gr. *diapserés, vbl. adj. from d:a- 
a to mix up (cf. puxrés, f. peyvivat) ; 
Applied by Pinkerton to a 
‘domain’ or division minerals isting of 
various substances intimately combined. b. as sd. 
A mineral belonging to this ‘domain’. 
3811 Pinkerton /etraé. I. Introd., The remaining six 
domains, derived from circumstances or accidences, are. . 
8. The Diamictonic, or rocks in which the substances are so 
completely mingled, that it is difficult. .to nce which 
preponderates. — Edin. Rev. XXII. 73 The gross 
error which led to the foundation of the eighth Domain, 
or the Diamictonic as it is entitled. /éid. 74 Forming an 
essential character in a system of Diamictonics. 
Diamide (doi-imoid). Chem. (f. Dr-2 + 
AmipE.] An amide formed on the type of two 
molecules of Ammonia, the hydrogen of which is 
replaced partly or wholly -by one or more acid 
radicals. 
1866 E. Franxtanp Lect. Notes Chem. Stud. 374 The 
diamides may be regarded as derived from two molecules 
of ammonia. 


Diami-do-. Chem. [Di1-2+ Ammo-.] Having 
two atoms of hydrogen replaced by two of the 
radical Amidogen NH., as Déamido-be-nzene 
C, Hy NH,)>. 

1880 Friswet in Soc. of Arts 446 We have thus produced 
diamidobenzene. 

Diami-dogen. Chem. Sce Di-2 and Ami- 
DOGEN. 

1887 Athenwum 9 July 57/2 The preparation of a new 
compound of nitrogen and pdiceen -. He [Curtius] terms 
it hydrazine or diamidogen. It has the composition ex- 
pressed by the formula Noth. 

Diamine (doi-amain). Chem. {f. Dr-2 + 
AmInE.] An amine, or compound derived from 
two molecules of ammonia the hydrogen of 
which is replaced partly or wholly by one or more 


basic radicals, as Ezhene-diamine Ns Cu, 
2 


1866 E. Franxtanp Lect. Notes Chem, Stud. 367 The 
diamines are formed by the coupling together two atoms of 
nitrogen in two molecules of ammonia. 1869 Roscoe Elem. 
Chem. 362 Ethylene diamines are volatile bases obtained 
by acting with ammonia on ethylene dibromide. 

i o-, Diammonio-. Chem. See D1-2 2, 
AmMo-, AMMONIO-, 

Warts Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 424 The Diammonio- 
platinous and Tetrammonio-platinic Compounds. /did., 
These tetrammonio-platinous compounds may also be re- 
garded as salts of pamper bes seine ref 


Diamond (dai:amand, daimand), 56. Forms: 
a, 4-5 dia-, dyamawnte, 4-6 -maunt, 5-6 dya- 
mant, 5-7 diamant; 8. 4-5 dia-,dya-,-maund(e, 
-mawnde, -mounde, -mownde, 4-6 -mand(e, 
5 dyamonde, -mount, -monthe, deamond(e, 
5-6 dyamont(e, diamonde, 5-7 dyamond, 6 
diamont, -munde, 6- diamond; y. 7 dimond, 
8 di’mond. [ME. diamant, -aunt, a. OF. dia- 
mant (=Pr. dtaman, Cat. diamant, It. di to, 
OHG, demant), ad. late L. diamas, diamant-em 
(med.Gr. Sauayre), an alteration of L. adamas, 
-antem, or perh, of its popular variant adimant-em 
(whence Pr.adiman,aziman,ayman, OF r.aimant), 
app. under the influence of the numerous technical 
words beginning with the prefix Dia-, Gr. da-. 

The differentiation of form in late L. was gage! con- 


pe 
after plutonic, etc.] 


¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 4385 Herte as hard as unt, Stede- 


fast, and nought pliaunt. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 1. vi. 4 As 
rock of Diamond stedfast evermore. ILTON Apel. 
Smect. ii, Zeal, whose substance is et! 5 ing in com- 
plete diamond, ascends his fiery chariot. 1656 Honses 


hardest body that supposing it an anvil of dia. 
Micron P. Z. vi. 364 On each wing Uriel and 
Raphael his vaunting foe, Though huge, and in a Rock of 
Diamond Armd, Vanquish’d. 

ce. Her, In blazoning by 
name for the tincture sab/e or black. 

1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 55b, The field is ed 
pale Nebule, Carboncle and Tamed le. ebay Peon 

er. 19s 

2. transf. — (usually with distinguishing 
epithet) to other crystalline minerals, resembli 
the diamond in brilliancy; as Bréstol di a 
Cornish diamond (see BristoL, Cornish), Matura 
diamond, Quebec diamond (see quots.). 

1591 Nasue in Arber's Garner I. 501 If one wear Cornish 
diamonds on his toes. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 
239 St. Vincent's rock so full of Diamants that a man may 
fill whole strikes or bushels of them. 1665 Hooke Aicragr. 
79 Stirig of Crystal, or like the small Diamants I observ'd 
in certain Flints. 1802 R.Brooxes Gazetteer (ed. + 9 
Piseck.. Bohemian diamonds are found here. 1886 S. M. 
Burnuam Precious Stones 319 The variety [of zircon) ob- 
tained from Matura, Ceylon, where it is called ‘ Matura 
diamond,’ is often sold in the bazaars of India for the 


3. Fg. Something very precious; a thing or per- 
son of great worth, or (in mod. use) a person of very 
brilliant attainments. (Cf. 7.) . me 

York Myst. » $18 Dyeneneie 
drevrry dight. rot Piter Perf \ + de W, 1531) 183 The 
iamonde 


moost to mank thy swete sone 
esus. 1597 15/ Pe pee Sr. Parnass. Wi. i. 1043, I will 
we u them the precious stons of my witt, a dia- 


monde of invention. 165: Relig. Wotton. 20 His second 
son, Walter Devereux ..was indeed a dyamond of the time, 
and both of an hardy and deli emper and r 
1888 Froupe Eng. in W. Ind. 112 There are many dia- 

ds, and di di of the first water, among the Atart 


nected with the double signification i 

of ‘di d’ and ‘load: " (see Apamant); for, in all 

the languages, diamant with its es was at 

restricted to the gem, as aimant was in F. to the loadstone. 
a 


In English the dy nd ade are 1g 

from and to each other cr in Maundevile, ed. 
1839, xiv. 161, ed. Roxb. Soc. xvii. 803 but adamant long 
retained the double sense of late L. adamas? thus Sher- 


wood, 1623, has ‘An Adamant stone, (F.) aimant, diamant, 
oyenmerors marinidre” See ANT. 

The a of the middle syllable has tended to disappear since 
the 16th c., as shown by the spelling @i'mond, dimond. 
Sheridan and other early orthoepists recognize the dissy)- 
labic pronunciation, but most recent authorities reckon 
three syllables. In Shakspere the word is more frequently 
a trisyllable; but it is very lly dissyllabic in Pope, 
Thomson, Young, Cowper, and Tennyson.) 

I. 1. A very honda and brilliant ious stone, 
consisting of pure carbon crystal in regular 
octahedrons and allied forms (in the native state 
usually with convex surfaces), and either colourless 
or variously tinted. It is the most brilliant and 
valuable of precious stones, and the hardest sub- 
stance known. 

Diamonds are commonly cut in three forms, called Taste, 
Rose, and Britiiant: see these words, Plate diamond, 
ag diamond, scratch diamond: see quots. 1854, 1880, 
go in Neg Lk Pe A burde in a bour ase 
terol on ry diamaunde the dere in day when he is 
dyht. ¢ 2386 Cuaucer An?.’s 7. 1289 Of fyne Ru! and of 
d untz [v.7. dyamauntis, diamantz].  ¢1400 Maunpev. 
( b) xvit. 79 Men fynder dyamau te 

qr. 
iy yamondes 


cans as ourselves, 
b. Something that shines like a diamond ; a glit- 


tering icle or point. 
vw} Ld. of Isles w. xiii, Each puny wave in dia- 
monds roll’d O'er the calm deep, 1862 Nuge Crit. 


Suietey 
i. 75 The is .. covered with minute diamonds of white 
first, which sparkle keenly in the winter light. 
Awe consisting of a small diamond set in a 
handle, used for cutting glass; called distinctively 
glasier’s diamond or cutting diamond. 

1697 Lond. Gas. No. ax/4 (He) took with him a valuable 
Glasier's Diamond. 1 p Trans. 266 Ya 
cured a common glazier’s diamond. 1831 J. Murray Dia- 

minute which 


facets are those proper for glaziers’ diamonds. 

5. A diamond-shaped figure, i.e. a plane figure 
of the form of a section of an octahedral diamond ; 
a rhomb (or a square) placed with its — 
vertical and horizontal ; a lozenge. (In early use, 
a solid body of octahedral or rhombohedral 
form.) 


irne, to be dyamondis uncast, xxv.s, did. 310 Item, 
gifin to Johne Smyth, for is to xij speris, 


iiij speris ae lid 
Rone, wn theeeed, mt Segue ving pd sides, 


rows that the flowers 
CE? SY aed Geeks tee oC eee’ 1. 
462‘ The Diamond ', a term frequently used tn tna hich, 
t an Ag c 
taken together, are diamond-shaped. Kennan in Cen- 
tury Mag. XX XVIII. 167/2 Convicts in overcoats 
wh yellow diamonds ee backs, eet ‘ercantile 


recious stones, the ” 


‘ 


DIAMOND. 
Letter) ‘We send you Bill of Lading of 2 bales Wool, mark 


L in a diamond. 

b. sfec. A figure of this form printed upon a 
playing-card ; a card of the suit marked with such 
figures, 

1594 Lyty Moth. Bomp. ui. iv, My bed-fellow .. dreamt 
that night that the king of diamonds was sick. 1598 FLorio 
Quadri, squares, those that we call diamonds or picts upon 
playing cards. 1680 Corton Gamester in Singer Hist. 
Cards 340 The ace of diamonds. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. 
No. 71. 2/2 The Nine of Diamonds is .. call’d the Curse of 
Scotland. 1712-14 Pore Rafe Lock 1. 75 Clubs, Diamonds, 
Hearts, in wild disorder seen. 1820 Prazp 70 Yulia 78 As 
if eternity were laid Upon a diamond, or a spade. 1870 
Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 150 Single Besique is composed 
of a Knave of Diamonds and a Queen of Spades laid upon 
the table... together. This scores 4o, 

e. A kind of stitch in fancy needlework. 

1882 Cautremn.y & Sawarp Dict. Needlework 152 Dia- 
mtond, a stitch used in Macramé lace to vary the design . . 
There are three ways of making Diamonds; The Single .. 
The Double .. and the Treble. 


—— 4d. The square figure formed by the four bases 


in the game of base-ball ; also, by extension, applied 
to the whole field. ( U.S.) 

1894 Boston (Mass.) F¥rni. 25 Feb. 3/7 Rulers of the 
Diamond. The National Base Ball League. 

6. Printing. The second smallest standard size 
of roman or italic type, a size smaller than ‘ pearl’, 
but larger than ‘brilliant’. Also aétrib. [ad. Du. 


' diamant: so named by its introducer Voskens.] 
This line is a specimen of the type called Diamond, 

1778 Mores Dissert. Eng. Typog. Founders 26 Minion, 
Nonpareil, Pearl, Ruby and Diamond, so named from their 
sual ltiaas and fancied prettiness. 1808 C. Srower Printer’s 
Gram. 43 Diamond is only pearl face upon a smaller body, 
and seldom used. ag fae eg Typogr. 11. v. 83. 1829 
Cartyte Misc. (1857) II. 6 The very diamond edition of 
which might fill whole libraries. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 
455/2 Diamond .. is the smallest type used in this country. 
lbid, 456 The Dutch were the first in Europe to cut Dia- 
mond type. 1856 Book and its Story (ed. 9), 206 The value 
of the type fora Diamond Bible. .is several thousand pounds. 
1889 H. Frowpe in Pad? Madi G, 26 Nov. 2/3 We specially 
cast the type for the book [the ‘ Finger Prayer-Book’], which 
is printed, you will see, in ‘ diamond’ and ‘ brilliant’. 

II. 7. Phrases. a. Black diamond; (a) a dia- 
mond of a black or dark brown colour, esp. arough 
diamond as used by lapidaries, etc. ; (6) #7. a name 
playfully given to coal, as consisting, like the dia- 
mond,of carbon. b. Rough diamond: a diamond in 
its natural state, before it is cut and polished; hence 

Jig. a person of high intrinsic worth, but rude and 
unpolished in manners. ¢. Diamond cut diamond: 
an equal match in sharpness (of wit, aagetny etc.). 

a, 1763 W. Lewis Comm. Philos.-Techn. 321 A black 
diamond cut and set inaring. 1849 T. MILER in Gabarni 
in London 43 (Farmer) Were he even trusted with the 
favourite horse and gig to fetch a sack of black diamonds 
from the wharf. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Power (1861) 

3 Coal.. We may well call it black diamonds, Eve 
Pauket is power and civilization. 1867 ¥rn/. Soc. Arts XV. 
349 The boring machine..is composed of a steel ring set 
with black diamonds. 

. 1624 Frercuer Wife for Month w. ii, She is very 
honest, And will be hard to cut as a rough diamond. 1685 
Boyte Effects of Mot. Suppl. 148 Having at the Diamond- 
Mine purchased ..a rough Diamond. 1700 Drypen Pref. 
Fables (Globe) 503 Chaucer, I confess, is a rough diamond. 
1875 Ure Dict. Arts 11. 24 The value of a cut diamond 
is esteemed equal to that of a similar rough diamond of 
double weight. 1890 T. Keywortu in Cassell’s Fam. 
Mag. Dec. 49 He was a rough-looking man, and somebody 
called him a rough diamond. 

¢. 1628 Forp Lover's Mel.1. iii, We're caught in our own 
toils. Diamonds cut diamonds, 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. 
St. 1v. xi. 293 Then Gods diamonds often cut one another. 
a1700 B, E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Diamond cut Diamond, 
bite the Biter. 1863 Reape Hard Cash xxv, He felt..sure 
his employer would outwit him if he could ; and resolved it 
should be diamond cut diamond. x J. Winsor Columbus 
xi. 256 In the game of diamond-cut-diamond, it is not always 
just to single out a single victim for condemnation, 

III. attrib. and Comé. 

8. attrib. Made or consisting of diamond, as 
dit d lens, di d stone (=sense 1). 

1 Even 7reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 14 marg. The dia- 
monde stone. 1617 Minsneu Ductor in Ling., A Diamond 
or Picke at Cards, because he is picked and sharpe pointed 
as the Diamond stone. 1771 Exiz. Grirritn Lady Burton 
IIL. 270 The diamond eyes of the Indian idol. 1827 Gorin 
in Q. Frnt. Sc. & Arts XXII, 280 note, Diamond lenses 
I conceive to constitute the ultimatum of the perfection of 
single microscopes. 1830 Oftics 39 (Libr, Useful Knowl.) 
Mr. Pritchard finished the first diamond microscope in 1826, 
1831 J. Murray Diamond 39 If the power of the glass lens 
be 24, that of the diamond would be 64. 1841 Loner. Elected 
Knight v, A lance that was .. sharper than diamond-stone. 

+b. Hard or indestructible as diamond, adaman- 
tine. (Cf. 1b.) Ods. 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1656) 800 Those strong diamond 
chains with which Dionysius the elder made his boast that 

* he left his tyranny chained to his son. 1586 T. B. La 
Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1, 224 Making men hir slaves, and 
chaining them .. with diamond chains, 1633 P. FLetcuEer 
Purple /sl. m1, x, With such a diamond knot he often souls 
can binde. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 101 To 
trye if luck would turn, and whether Fortune would be 
alwayes fixed with a Diamant-Nayle. : 

+c. ? Brilliant, shining. Ods. 

1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 81 Delicate pictures 
-. of most beautifull and diamond wenches, 1583 StuBBES 


315 


Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 63 To heare their dirtie dregs ript vp 
and cast in their diamond faces. © 

9. attrib. Set or furnished with a diamond or 
diamonds, as diamond button, clasp, ring, signet. 

1642 Futter Holy §& Prof. St. u1. xxii. 213 Some hold it 
unhappy to be married with a diamond ring. 1717 Lapy 
M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess. of Mar 1 Apr., This smock 
..is closed at the neck with a diamond button. 1827 E. 
Turret in Gill's Techn. Repos. 1. 195 Diamond turning- 
tools. 1837 CartyLe Fr, Rev, ut. vill, Consider that un- 
utterable business of the Diamond Necklace .. Astonished 
Europe rings with the mystery for ten months. 1880 CLERKE 
in Fraser's Mag. 819 ‘The diamond clasp which fastened 
the imperial mantle of Charlemagne. 1891 Law Times XC. 
283/1 Two diamond rings which he wished to dispose of. 

10. attrib. or adj. a. Of the shape of a diamond 
(see 5); lozenge-shaped, rhombic; forming a ce- 
sign consisting of figures of this shape, as déamond 
couching, fret, netting, pattern, work; having a 
head or end of this shape, as diamond dibber, nail. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres ui. ii. 77 The nearest .. vnto 
the square of men, is the Diamant battell. 1663 Woop Life 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 481 A larg diomond hatchment with 
Canterbury and Juxon impaled. 1667 Primatr City & C. 
Build.160 A Diamond Figure, whose sides are parallel, but 
not at right Angles. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIIL 215 s.v. 
Planting, The diamond-dibber, a pointed plate of steel with 
ashort iron handle. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge i, Its win- 
dows were old diamond-pane lattices. 1858 Archit. Publ. 
Soc. Dict., Diamond fret, a species of checker work in 
which .. a diamond .. is interlaced by the prolongations of 
the diameters of the square. 1874 Knicut Dict. Alech., 
Diamond-nail, a nail having a rhombal head. /déd., Déa- 
mond-work (Masonry), reticulated work formed by courses 
of lozenge-shaped stones, very common in ancient masonry. 
1882 CauLFreitp & Sawarp Dict. Needlework 152 Diamond 
couching [is] one of the Flat Couchings used in Church 
Work. /éid. 359 Fancy Diamond Netting is worked in 
three different ways. 

b. Having a surface hewn or cut into facets, 
formed by low square-based pyramids placed close 
together. 

1717 BerkELey Jrnd. Tour Italy 27 Jan. Wks. 1871 IV. 
s51 Church of the Carmelites. .in the front a little diamond 
work, 1870 A. BeazELey Sfecif, Flamboro’ Lightho., The 
Gallery-course is to be .. cast with a neat diamond pattern 
as shewn, to give a safe foot-hold. 

11. General combs. a. attributive. Of or relat- 
ing to diamonds, as diamond-bort (see Bort), 
-broker, -carat, -factory, -merchant, -trade; con- 
taining or producing diamonds, as déamond-bed, 
-conglomerate, -depostt, -gravel, -mine. bd. objec- 
tive and obj. genitive, as damond-bearing adj., 
-digging, -polisher, -producing adj., -seeker, -setter, 
-splitter. ¢. instrumental, as dtamond-paved, 
-pointed, -tipped adjs. . similative, as damond- 
bright, -distinct adjs.; also diamond-like adj. e. 
parasynthetic, as diamond-headed, -paned, -shaped, 
-tiled adjs. 

@1618 SytvesteR Woodman’s Bear |xxiii, Diamond-headed 
darts, 1628 in Archzologia (1883) XLVII. 392 Dyamond 
boart and divers other materialls for the Cutting and finish- 
ing of our Armes in a Dyamond. 1632 Litxcow 77av. 
m1. 85 The goodliest plot, the Diamond sparke, and the 
Honny spot of all Candy. 1685 Diamond-mine [see 7 b]. 
1704 Phil. Trans. XXV. 1548 Such a Diamond-like Sand. 
1820 Keats Hyferion 1. 220 Diamond-paved lustrous long 
arcades. 1835 WiLLIs Pencildings I. xiv. 108 The diamond- 
shaped stones of the roof. 1842 TENNyson Vision of Sin 
ii, Till the fountain spouted, showering wide Sleet of dia- 
mond-drift and pearly hail. 1863 I. Wittiams Baféistery 1. 
vii. (1874) 79 Writ. .With adiamond-pointed pen, On a plate 
of adamant. 1871 M. Cotuins J/7rg. & Merch. Il. x. 300 
Casements diamond-paned. 1876 J. B. Currey in rx. 
Soc. Arts XXIV. 375 The diamond-bearing soil. /6¢d. 
377 Keen-faced diamond brokers. 1880 CLERKE in /yaser's 
Mag. 818 It is said there were diamond-polishers at Nurem- 
berg in 1373. /ééd. 821 ‘The conditions of diamond-digging. 
1883 Archexologia XLVII. 396 ‘Tavernier, a diamond mer- 
chant and jeweller, who visited Persia in .. 1664. 

2. Special combs. : diamond-bird, an Austra- 
lian shrike of the genus Pardalotus, esp. P. punc- 
tatus, so called from the spots on its plumage ; 
diamond-borer, d. boring machine = déamond- 
drill (b); diamond boron, an impure form of boron 
obtained in octahedral crystals nearly as hard and 
brilliant as the diamond; diamond-breaker = 
diamond-mortar ; diamond-broaching, broached 
hewn-work done with a diamond-hammer; dia- 
mond cement, cement used in setting diamonds ; 
diamond-crossing, a crossing on a railway where 
two lines of rails intersect obliquely without com- 
municating (see DIAMOND-POINT 2); diamond- 
drill, (a) a drill armed with one or more diamonds 
used for boring hard substances ; (4) a drill for bor- 
ing rocks, having a head set with rough diamonds, 
a diamond-borer; diamond-dust = diamond- 
powder; diamond-ficoides, the ice-plant, MWesem- 
bryanthemum crystallinum; diamond-field [cf. 
coal-field), a tract of country yielding diamonds 
from its surface strata; diamond file, fish (see 
quots.); diamond-hammer, a mason’s hammer 
having one face furnished with pyramidal pick 
points for fine-dressing a surface on stone; dia- 
mond hitch, a method of fastening ropes in packing 
heavy loads; diamond-knot (/Vaut.), a kind of 


DIAMOND. 


ornamental knot worked with the strands of a rope ; 
diamond-mill (see quot.); diamond-mortar, a 
steel mortar used for crushing diamonds for the 
purposes of the lapidary ; diamond-plaice, a local 
name (in Sussex) for the common plaice (/Veyro- 
nectes platessa), from its lozenge-shaped spots ; 
diamond-plough, (a) a diamond-pointed instru- 
ment for engraving upon glass; (6) a small plough 
having a mould-board and share of a diamond or 
thomboidal shape (Knight); diamond-powder, 
the powder produced by grinding or crushing dia- 
monds; diamond rattlesnake, a rattlesnake (C70- 
talus adamanteus) haying diamond-shaped mark- 
ings; diamond-spot, collector’s name for a moth 
(Botys tetragonalis); diamond-tool, a metal- 
turning tool whose cutting edge is formed by facets ; 
diamond wedding [after s¢/ver w., golden w.], 
a fanciful name for the celebration of the 60th (or 
according to some, the 75th) anniversary of the 
wedding- day; diamond - weevil = Di monp- 
BEETLE; diamond-wheel, a metal wheel used with 
diamond-powder and oil in grinding diamonds or 
other hard gems. See also DIAMOND-BACK, etc. 

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 179/25. v. Piprine, Pardalotus 
punctatus .. Mr. Caley states that this species is called 
*Diamond Bird by the settlers, from the spots on its body. 
1865 GouLp Afandbk. Birds Austral. 1.157 No species.. 
is more widely and generally distributed than the spotted 
Diamond-bird. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 1. 445 In soft strata 
it is somewhat difficult to obtain a core by the *diamond 
borer, 1867 Frn2. Soc. Arts XV. 349 *Diamond boring 
machine. 1875 Ure Dic drts\.442 The Diamond Boring 
Machine..Vhe boring bit is a steel thimble, about 4 inches 
in length, having two rows of Brazilian black diamonds .. 
in their natural rough state firmly imbedded therein. 1863- 
gz Watts Dict. Chem. 1, 628 Adamantine or *Diamond 
Boron .. extremely hard, always sufficiently so to scratch 
corundum with facility, and some crystals are nearly as hard 
as diamond itself. 1880 J. C. Bruce in Archeologia XLVI. 
165, I have most frequently found the *diamond-broaching 
in camps which have been repaired by Severus. 1884 G. W. 
Cox Cyct. Com. Things 117 A *Diamond cement. .used by 
Armenian jewellers in setting diamonds, is composed of 
gum mastic and isinglass dissolved in spirits of wine. 
1881 E. Maturson Aid Bh. Engincer. Enterp. 252 Where 
a siding crosses a main road without connecting it, what is 
known as a *diamond crossing is used. 1891 Jlorning Post 
20 Keb. 3/4 Major Marindin strongly recommends .. that 
there should be no diamond crossing worse than one to 
eight. 1827 E. Turret in Gidl’s Zechn. Repos. 1. 129 
Pierced by very fine *diamond drills. 1881 E. MatHrson 
Aid Bk. Engineer. Enterprise 391 Diamond drills .. will 
pierce the hardest known rocks. 1844-57 G. Biro Uvin. 
Deposits (ed. 5)221 A white powder. .of a glistening appear- 
ance, like *diamond-dust. 1767 ‘ Mawr’ [J. ABERCROMBIE] 
Ev. Man own Gardener Feb. 50 “Diamond ficoides, or 
ice plant. 1811 Mrs. M. Starke Beauties of C. M. Maggt 
48 The Ice-plant, properly called, the Diamond-Ficoides, 
1876 J. B. Currey in ¥rud. Soc. Arts XXIV. 379 The dis- 
covery of the *diamond-fields. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch 
& Clockm. 88 A *Diamond file is formed of a strip of copper 
with diamond powder hammered into it. 1854 Apams, 
Barkie & Barron Nat. Hist. g3 Family..*Diamond Fishes 
(also called Bony-Pikes) Lefzsosteidv. 1858 Archit. Publ. 
Soc. Dict., *Diamond hammer, a tool used by masons in 
the Isle of Man and in parts of Scotland for ‘fine pick 
dressing’ limestone and granite. 1883 Sfecif, N. East. 
Railw., Alnwick & Cornhill Br. Contr. No. 2. 5 The face 
is to be either tooled, or broached with a diamond hammer. 
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) s.v. Axot, There are 
several sorts, which differ in .. form and size: the principal 
of these are the *diamond-knot, the rose-knot, the wall- 
knot. 1867 Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., Diamonad-knot, an 
ornamental knot worked with the strands of a rope, some- 
times used for bucket-strops, on the foot-ropes of jib-booms, 
man-ropes, etc. 1884 F. J. Britren Watch & Clockm. 87 
{In a] *Diamond Mill.. for cutting and polishing ruby 
pallets and other hard stones, discs charged with diamond 
powder and rotated at a high speed are used. 1853 Soyer 
Pantroph. 237 “The flounder, the brill, the *diamond and 
Dutch plaice. 1827 J. Lukens in Gill's Techn. Repos. 1.76 
On an improved *Diamond Plough .. for cutting Circular 
Lines upon Glass. — E. Turrect 7é/d. 195 On Diamond 
ploughs for Engravers. 1753 CHAMBERS Cycd. Supp. s. v., 
Diamond Powder is of great use for grinding hard sub- 
stances. 1802 T, Tuomson Chem. 1. 47 Diamond powder 
can only be obtained by grinding one diamond against 
another. 1883 Times 26 Mar. 7/6 Of all the snake varieties 
.. the *diamond rattlesnake .. seems to be the most deadly. 
1819 G. SAMOVELLE Entomol. Compend. 436 The *diamond 
spot. 1872 Punch 23 Nov. 210/2 *Diamond Wedding. 
1892 Haypn Dict. Dates 1058 Diamond weddings after 
a union of 60 years, some apply it to 75 years. 


Diamond, v. [f. prec. sb] 

1. “vans. To furnish or bedeck with diamonds. 

1751 H. Wacpote Lett. H. Mann (1891) II. 241 He plays, 
dresses, diamonds himself, even to distinct shoe-buckles for 
a frock. : 

2. fig. To adorn as with diamonds, (Cf. zmfear/.) 

1839 Battery Festus xvi. (1852) 211 Wreathed round with 
flowers and diamonded with dew. 1845 James A. Ne7/ III. 
xvi, The tears rolled over the long lashes, and diamonded 
her cheek. 1878 Lowe i Le?#. (1894) II. 216 Just as we 
got there, it cleared, and all the thickets .. were rainbowed 
and diamonded by the sun. 

b. To make glittering like a diamond. 

1839 BaiLey Festus xiii. (1852) 157 The first ray Perched 
on his [a bard’s] pen, and diamonded its way. 

3. nonce-use. To call or name (diamonds). 

1859 Tennyson /dyl/s, Elaine 503 ‘Advance and take 
prize The diamond’; but he answer'd, ‘diamond me 
No diamonds ! for God’s love, a little air’, i 

“—2 


DIAMOND-BACK. 


Hence Di‘amonding 7// sh., adornment with or 
as with diamonds ; brilliant ornamentation. 
¢ 1818 Keats Notes on Milton in Ld. Houghton Life 
(1848) I. 277 The light and shade, the sort of black bright- 
ness, the ebon diamonding .. of the following lines. _@ 1821 
= @astle Builder, Their glassy diamonding on Turkish 
oor. 
Di‘amond-back, a. and sé. [Short for next.] 
A. adj. =Diamond-backed, having the back 
marked with one or more lozenge-shaped figures. 
B. sb. a. The Diamond-back Moth (see quots.). 
b. The Diamond-backed Turtle. 
1819 G. Samovet_e Entomol. Compr = 
Diamond-back, Yortrix trapesana. 1891 Miss E. A. 
OrmeErop in Frnl. R, Agric. Soc. 30 Sept. 599 The pale 
patterns along these edges form diamond-shaped marks, 
whence the English name ‘ diamond-back moth’. Aid. 611 


d. 436 The test: 


These showed unmistakable signs of diamond-back cater- | 


illar ravage. 1895 Lifpincott’s Mag. Jan., The diamond- 
tack [turtle] is undeniably and unspeakably ugly. 


Di‘amond-backed, «. [f. Diamonp sh. + 
BACKED 1.] Having the back marked with lozenge- 
shaped figures. 

Diamond-backed turtle or terrapin, the fresh-water tor- 


toise of the Atlantic coast of N. America, AM/alaclemmys. 


palustris. 

1895 Daily News 14 Jan. 5/3 Diamond-backed terrapin 
are the newest pets of fashionable folk in the States. They 
..are chiefly adopted by artists at present, but are to be 
found in some boudoirs as well as studios. 

Diamond-beetle. A South American beetle 
Curculio Entimus) imperialis, of which the elytra 
are studded with brilliant sparkling points; also 
applied to other species of Curculio, and (with 
qualifications) to other beetles with splendid mark- 
ings. 

1806 G. SHaw Gen. Zool, V1.1. 65 The most brilliant and 
beautiful is the Curculio imperialis .. commonly known by 
the name of the Diamond Beetle. 1839 J. O. Westwood 
Mod. Classif. Insects 1. 340 The various species of diamond 
beetles surpassing (in their colours) the majority of Coleop- 
terous insects. 1860 W. S. Datias Anim. Kingd. 219 Few 
insects can boast of greater magnificence than the well- 
known Diamond-beetle of Brazil. 1860 G. Bennett Nat. 
in Austral, 273 The Diamond beetle of Australia of green 
and gold tints (Chrysolopus spectabilis), 

Diamond-cut, 2. and sé. 

A. adj. 1. Cut into the shape of a diamond or 
thomb. 

1637 Bursar's Bk. Gonville & Caius Coll. in Willis & 
Clark Cambridge (1886) 1. 194 Paveing the chappell with 
stones diamond cut. ¢ ryz0 ©. Fiennes Diary (1888) 238 
Y* windows. .are all diamond Cut round the Edges. 

2. Cut with facets like a diamond; cut in relief 
in the form of a low square-based pyramid, pointed 
or truncated. 

Diamond-cut glass, thick glass cut into grooves or channels 


316 


W. Tuomson Voy. Challenger Il. vi. 116 Sufficient dia 
mondiferous oui is already known to provide many 


! 


years’ employment a large population. 1885 Zimes | 
20 Apr. f Siied... wich a tian dimuandiiones San. j 


v, [f. Dramonp sh, + -12E.] 

1. trans. To berdeck with, or as with, praca 
. 1599 B. Jonson Ex. Manout of Hum. m. iv, izing, 
Fa or rather diamondizing of your subject, 3 
Ouwa Held in Bondage (1870) 52 Diamondized old ladies. 

2. To convert into diamond. 

1893 E. L. Rexrorp in Barrows Pari. Relig. I. 516 The 
diamondizing of soot. 

i nd-point. [f Diamonpsé, + Pornt sd.] 

1. A stylus tipped with a fragment of diamond, 
used in engraving, etc. 


x 
| —o the diamond-point into engraver’s ruling-machines. 


1881 Every Man his own Mechanic § 569 The diamond 
point .. is used for roughing very small and delicate work 
that will not bear the gouge. ; 

2. Raz/ways. Usually in f/. The set of points at 
a diamond crossing, where two lines of rails inter- 


| sect obliquely without communicating, forming a 
diamond or rhombic figure ; in sing. one of the | 


of V-shaped section crossing one another obliquely so as to | 


leave pyramid-shaped projections ; a common style of orna- 
mentation in cut glass. 

1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3973/4 A Diamond cut Steel-headed 
Cane. 1717 Berkerey Frail. Tour Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 
541 Well-built streets, all hewn stone, diamond-cut, rustic. 

+B. sb. Obs. 


1691 tr. Emilianse’s Frauds Romish Monks 27 A magnifi- | 


cent Structure, all of hewn Stone of a Diamond-Cut. 1698 
Fryer Acc. £. [India & P. 214 If it be very fair and cut 
Diamond-Cut,.The second sort of Ruby is 
also is of good esteem, if cut of a Diamond-Cut. 


Di‘amond-cutter. A lapidary who cuts and 
polishes diamonds. So Diamond-cutting sé., the 
art of the diamond-cutter. 

1722 Lond. Gaz. No. 6100/4 Moses Langley .. Diamond- 
Cutter, 1827 Gill's Techn. Repos. 1. 4 The diamond-cutter 
seats himself in front of his work-board. 1872 Yeats 
Growth Comm. 213 The art of diamond-cutting introduced 
by Jews driven from Lisbon to Amsterdam. 

Di‘amonded, a. [f. Diamonn sé. or v. +-ED.] 

1. Adorned with or wearing diamonds. 

1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour (1861) 111 As when, 
in Paris, the chief of the police enters a ballroom, so many 
diamonded pretenders shrink, and make themselves as in- 
conspicuous as they can, 1885 A. J. C. Hare Russia iii. 
143 Diamonded saddle-cloths and trappin: 

- fig. Adomed as with diamonds. 
‘9 Tennyson Poems 144 The diamonded night. 1831 
I. Witson Unimore 1. 26 Dew-diamonded daisies. 

p. Lyrron Lucile 1. iv. §6 The scarp’d ravaged mountains 
- Were alive with the diamonded sh 1 der, 

2. Marked or furnished with Jozenge-shaped 
figures or parts; having the figure of a diamond. 

1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. v. vi. 382 Break a stone .. 
or lop a bough .. and one shall behold the grain thereof .. 
diamonded or streaked in the fashion of a lozenge. 1820 
Keats Eve St. Agnes xxiv, A casement high and triple- 
arch’d.. And diamonded with panes of quaint device. 1880 
Dorothy 25 Came through the diamonded panes. re 

+3. fig. ? Endowed with the characteristics of 
the diamond ; brilliant and keen. Ods. 

1641 J. Jackson True Evang. 7. 11. 138 These pointed 
and diamonded speeches, which doe indeed leave a sting .. 
in the mind of the pious Auditor, ; 


Diamondi‘ferous, ¢. [f. Diamonn + -(1)rer- 
ous, in imitation of diamantiferous, F. diaman- 
tifere, from med, L. diamant-em.] Diamond- 
Me gg: od 

1870 Echo 14 Oct., Those who have rushed to the dia- 
mondiferous region [of S, Africa]. 1870 Daily News 21 Dec., 
A new diamondiferous track had been discovered. 1877 


hite..which . 


acute angles formed by two rails at such a crossing. 

1881 Daily News 15 Sept. 3/2 It [a train] had to pass 
over a diamond point. 1890 Morning Post 24 Oct. 6/7 
A North British mineral train, while crossing a set of 
diamond points, ran off the line. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 24 July 
5/2 On reaching the diamond point the guard’s van next the 
engine jum; the metals. . ; ; 

8. attrib.,as diamond-point chisel, a chisel having 
the corners ground off obliquely. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v. Chisel. 

i ond-snake. A name given to various 
snakes or serpents having diamond-shaped mark- 
ings, esp. @. a large Australian serpent, Morelia 
spilotes; Db. a venomous Tasmanian serpent, Hop- 
locephalus superbus. 

1814 Sporting Mag. XLIV. 93 A snake of the diamond 
species was lately killed at St. George’s River.. New South 
Wales. 1847 Leicunarpt ¥rv/. iti. 78 Charley killed a 
diamond pans larger than any he had ever seen before. 
1850 J. B. Cturtersuck Port /’hillip iii. 43 The diamond 
snake is that most dreaded by the natives. 1863 Woop 
Nat. Hist. 117 It is called the Diamond snake on account 
of the pattern of its colours .. arranged so as to produce 
a series of diamonds along its back. 
Hoptey Snakes 423 he Diamond snake. .on the mainland 
is the harmless Python molurus, and in Tasmania the 
venomous //oplocephalus superbus, with very broad scales. 

Diamond-spar. A/in.  [ad. Ger. demant- 
spath (Klaproth 1786), so called from its extreme 
hardness.] (See quot). 

1804 R. Jameson Min. I. 93. 1807 J. Murray Syst. 
Chem. II. 593 The Diamond spar, which has been dis- 
tinguished from corundum, appears to be a variety of it. 

Diamond-wise, av. [sce -wisr.] In the 
manner or form of a diamond or lozenge. 

1530 PAtscr. 799 Dyamant wyse, lyke or in maner of a 
dyamant. 1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. 
E, Ind. \xxvi. 154 b, Of sundrye coulours, the which was 
wrought Diamond wise. » R. Hotme Armoury i. 
1001 Diamond wise .. is.. anything set or hung having 
one corner of the square set upwards, the other downwards. 
1698 Fryer Acc. E. /udia & P. 158 His Effigies..upon it 
Escutcheon, or Diamond-wise. 

Diamond-work : sce DiaMonp 10. 


+ Dia‘moron. arm. Also 5 diameron. [L. 


| diamoron, a. Gr. bid pépav ‘made from black 


mulberries.’] A preparation of syrup and mul- 
berry juice, used as a gargle for a sore throat. 

¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 218 Pan make him a gargarisme 
wip a decoccioun .. wip be which be distemperid ib dia- 
meron. /d/d. 262 Pan pou muste make comemeroat ee is 
as diameron & sappa michum. 1647 Warp Simp. cbler 
to [It] will be found a farre better Diamoron for the Gar- 
garismes this Age wants. 


||Diamorphosis (doiimpsfdsis, -mpifdusis), 
Biol. {mod, L., a. Gr. deapdppwors, n. of action f. da- 
Hoppd-ew to form, shape, f. da- through, thoroughly, 
asunder (see Dra- 1) + poppy form. 

1. ‘The building up of a body to its proper form’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

§| 2. erroneously for DIMORPHISM, 

1861 H. C. Woop in Quart. ¥rnl. of Mier. Se. 1. No. 3, 

Di rebelde Nec teat 


1882 Miss C. C.* 


_ L. Diana in F. diane, whence Eng. 


DIANODAL, 


Wks. (1834) 180, I warn them with the first sound of the 
trumpet .. but if, after this Di i 


Diana (dei,z'na, dai,e'n8), anglicized 4~ Dian 
(dai-an). Also 3-6 Diane, 6 Dyane, Dean. [a. 
Diem, Dian, 


_ Tetained as a poetic form.] 


1. An ancient —_ female a bars 
goddess, patroness of virginity an ting ; 
Sieoentieie regarded as ical with the Greek 
Artemis, and so with Oriental deities, which were 
identified with the latter, e.g. the Artemis or Diana 


| of the Ephesians. 


Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 698/1 Wilson Lowry intro- | 


¢ 1205 Lay. 1145 A wifmonnes liche, Diana [ec maps Dens) 
wes ihaten. 1382 Wyciir Acts xix. 24 ey A uerene 
housis to Dian. a Alexander 2299 To Dyanaas 
temple, 1508 Dunbar lyn Targe 76 the goddesse 
chaste of woddis grene. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N.1. i, 89 Or on 
Dianaes Altar to protest For aie, austerity, and single life. 
Lbid. w. i. 78 Dians bud or [=o’er] Cupids flower, Hath 
such force and blessed power. 1791 Cowrer Odyss. 1v. 153 
Dian, goddess of the golden bow. } 

b. poet. The moon personified as a goddess. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vi. xvii. (1495) 328 The 
mone is callyd Dyana, goddes of wodes and of groues. 1660 
hide Har borrew’d gary neces Saeko ent ie 

ide Her ow'd glory in some neig! cloud. 
Byron Ch. Har. iv. me, Meek Dian’s crest Floats through 
the azure air. - 4 

+c. Alluding to Acts xix. 24: Source of gain. 

1640 SomNeR Antig. Canterb. 237 So loth were they to 
forgo their Diana. 168: J. HouGuton Coll. Husb. & Trade 
28 April, No. 353 They..are prohibiting our wollen manu- 
factures which is our Diana. | ; 

d. attrib. or adj. Virgin, unsullied. 

1870 J. Oxton Andes § Amazons ix. (1876) 144 Snow of 
Dian purity. i 

2.. In early Chemistry a name for silver. 

(By the astro-alchemists also called Zuma, from the ‘silver’ 
light of the moon: cf. the other planetary names of the 
metals Sol, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Fupiter, and Saturn, 
i.e. gold, quicksilver, copper, iron, tin, and lead. “s 

Hence Tree of Diana, Arbor Dianx: the dendritic 
amalgam precipitated by y from a solution of ni 
of silver. 

1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Diana’s Tree .. whereby a 
Mixture of Silver, Quick-silver and Spirit of Nitre may be 
Crystallized in shape of a Tree, with little Balls at the end 
of its Branches representing Fruit. 1798 G. Grecory (Zcon. 
Nature (1804) I1. 247 note, Diana’s tree, from the whim of 
the alchemists .. who appropriated silver to the Moon, or 
Diana. 1849 J. R. Jackson Minerads 287A ty metallic 
vegetation in glass jars :..called the Tree of Di: 

3. Diana monkey, Cercopithecus Diana, a large 
African monkey, so named from a crescent-shaped 
white marking on its forehead. 

1812 Smet & Woop Buffon's Nat. Hist. X. 190 This 
monkey..is the same animal that Linnzus has Diana. 
1860 Woop ///ustr. Nat. Hist. 1. 49 The most conspicuous 
feature in the Diana Monkey is the long and sharply pointed 


{Dianatic, misprint in Phillips (ed. Kersey) 1706 
for DIANoETIC, List of Spurious Words.] 

+Diander. Bot. Obs. [ad. F. diandre, ad. 
mod.L. diandrus, f. as next.) A plant bearing 
flowers with two stamens. 

1828 in WessTeR. 

|| Diandria (doi;endria). Bot. [mod.L. (Lin- 
neus, 1735), f. Gr. type *3iavdpos, mod.L. diandrus 
&- twice, + dvdp-, stem of dvfp, man, male: see 
MonanpriA, Potyanpria.] The second class in 


_ the sexual system of Linnzeus, comprising all plants 


| Diandria. 
Diandrous ( 
_ [f mod.L. diandrus (see 


having two stamens. 

3783 npr Cyel. Ste oe. ot tinge of 
p! are jessamine, phil rosemary, 

Hence Dia‘ndrian a., of or pertaining tothe class 

1828 in Wenster. 

dai,zendras), a. Also 8 -ious. 
and Monanprovs).] 
1. Bot. Belonging to class Diandria; two- 
stamencd. 


dynamious plant, take my word} 
would i i 


L us .. flor, , » d, 
diandrous. 1830 Linpiey Nat. Syst. Bot. 229 Irregular 


157 (title) On the Lyngbya, 
Diaanyi. [Di-2,] A. sb. Th 
mt, 1-2, sd, The organic 
radical AMyLin eWay gins H,,-C,Hy. 
B. attrib. and’ Comd. Containing two equivalents 
of amyl as diamylaniline. 
1850 Dauweny Afom. 7h. viii. (ed. 2) 241 Diamylaniline, 
where 2 atoms [of hydrogen] are replaced by amyle and 1 b 
aniline. 1869 Roscor Elem. Chem, 333 Diamyl. "ig obtained 
by acting on amyl iodide with sodium. 
Dia‘mylene. Chem. See Di- 2 and AMYLENE. 
+ Dian. Os. Also 6 diana. [a. F. diane 
(16th c. in Littré), Sp. diana, a beating of the 
drum at day-break, It. diana ‘a kind of march 
sounded by trumpetters in a morning to their 
generall and captaine’ (Florio 1598), f. dia day. 
Cf. L? guoti-didnus, etc.] A trumpet call or drum- 
rollatearly morn. Also attrid., as dian-sounding. 


159 Garraro Art Warre 29 Even until the Diana 
sounded through all the Campe. 1652 


| a polyandrous, or rather 


or didynamous stamens. 
2. aan Having two male mates. oe 
inA 6 
1885 ROTTER in ee June 395/3 e why 
ad. Gr, dave- 
ibute.] = 


Causa Dei 72 In Distributive (or as 


+ Dianeme'tic, ¢. Obs. rare. 
pntikés distributive, f. davépew to 
DIsTRIBUTIVE. 

R 


| Aristotle calls it, Dianemetic) Justice, 


Urqunart Jewel 


Dianite (dai-inait). Aix. Name given by Von 
Kobel in 1860 to. a variety of Co.umpirE, supposed 
to contain a new metal called by him Dianium. 

1862-4 mer. Frail. Sc, Ser. u. XXXI. 360. 


Diranize, v. nonce-wd. [f. DIANA + -1ZE.] intr. 
To ‘moon’ (with an allusion to the myth of Endy- 
mion), 

1834 


M A in Wales Il. 49 If Endymion 
sade alee Oe oo8 


had been , L should not have 
Dianodal (daianou-dal), a. Math. [f. Dia-1 
+ Nop + -au.] Passing through nodes. Dianodal 


. 


| 
. 
| 
| 
) 


DIANOETIC. 


curve or surface: one passing through the nodes of 
a given curve or surface. 

1870 Caytey in Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. U1. 199 The ninth 
node of the Sextic may be any point whatever on the dia- 
nodal curve. 

Dianoetic (doiangetik), a. and sd. Aetaph. 
[ad. Gr. d:avontixds of or pertaining to thinking, f. 
dcavonrés, vbl. adj. from d:avo€-eaOa: to think, subst. 
the process of thought, f. &a- through, thoroughly 
+voé-ay to think, suppose.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to thought; employing 
thought and reasoning ; intellectual. ; 

677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. ut. 92 Dianoetic Philosophie, 
which is the assent to conclusions by discourse from first 
principes. 1732 BerKxecey Alciphr. vu. § 34 A Dianoetic 

lemy, or seminary for free-thinkers. 1829 Sir W. Hamit- 
ton Discuss. (1852) 4 The dianoetic or discursive faculty .. 
the faculty of relations or comparison. 1885 J. Martineau 
Types Eth. Th. 1. u. iii. § 1.518 The theories of the dia- 
noetic moralists. 
B. sb. Metaph. (See quot.) 

18: Sir W. Hamitton Afetaph. (1877) I. xxxviii. 350, 
I would employ the word etic. .to express all those cogni- 
tions that originate in the mind itself, déanoetic to denote 
the aad of the Discursive, Elaborative, or Comparative 

‘aculty, 

+ Dianoe'tical, a. Ods. 
=prec. adj. 

1570 Der Math. gry 2 The Mercurial fruite of Dianoeti- 
call discourse. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. u. ix. 97 The 
disposition dianoeticall is when one axiome by reason is 
inferred ofanother. 1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux O. 
25, As if the one were Noematical, the other Dianoetical. 


y, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly%.] In 


[f as prec. + -AL.] 


ianoe‘ticall 
a dianoetic manner; by or with the reasoning 
faculty ; intellectually. 

1822 T. Taytor Apuleius 365 The Demiurgus .. is said to 
energize dianoétically, and to reason. 

Dianoialogy (dai:inoije'lédzi). Alecaph.  [f. 
Gr, d:dvora intelligence, understanding, thinking + 
-Lo@y. The analogically regular form would be 
dianeology.] Term proposed by Sir W. Hamilton 
for: That portion of logic which deals with dia- 
noetic or demonstrative propositions. So also 
Di:anoialo‘gical a, 

1846 Sir W. Hamitton Dissert. in Reid’s Wks. 770. 

Dianome (deiinowm). Aath. [f. Gr. davcyy 
distribution ; so called as having nodes of determi- 
nate distribution.] A surface, generally a quartic 
surface, having all its nodes, if in excess of the 
number which can be arbitrarily assumed, situated 
on a surface, called dianodal, which is determined 
by the arbitrary points. 

1874 Satmon Analyt. Geom. of three Dimens. (ed. 3) 507. 

{| Dianthus (deijenpis). Bot. [f. Gr. Acds of 
Jupiter + dvos flower (Linnzus).] A genus of 
caryophyllaceous flowering plants, which includes 
the pinks and carnations; a flower of this kind. 
Hence Dia-nthine, name of an aniline dye. 

1849 Florist 289 The three florists’ species of Dianthus, the 
Carnation, Picotee,and Pink. 1869 Ruskin Q. of Air § 84 
Later in the year, the dianthus .. seems to scatter, in multi- 
tudinous families, its crimson stars far and wide. 1850 
Sunday Times 5 Aug.7/1 Another new colour. .called Dian- 
thine .. extracted from gas tar. ie shades range from a 
deep purple to a brilliant rose. e 

+ Diantre, -ter, zvé, Obs. [a.~F. diantre 
(16th c. in Littré), euphemism for diad/e.] Devil! 

1751 Female Foundling 1, 151 Dianter! what Strength 
a have, when you please! /é¢d. I. 181 Diantre, you have 

en prudent. 

| Diapa‘lma. Pharm. [med. or mod.L. f. 
Dia-*+L. palma palm: in F.diapalme.] A desic- 
cating or detersive plaster composed originally 
of palm oil, litharge, and sulphate of zinc, now of 
white wax, emplastrum simplex, and sulphate of 
zine. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. ww. iv. 186 We as highly 
conceive of the practice in Diapalma, that is in the making 
of that plaister, to stirre it with the stick ofa Palme. 1660 
Boye Naw Exp. Phys. Mech. xxii. 176 We stopt the mouth 
of the Glass with a flat piece of Diapalma, provided for the 
purpose. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. ‘ake of Diapalma 
melted down very thin, with Oil of Chamomile 1 Ounce. 
1883 in Syd. Soc.Lex. = 

Di-apase. Anglicized form of DIApason, 
used by the poets. . ; 

1 Spenser Tears of Muses 549 Melodious measures, 
With which I .. make a tunefull Diapase of pl es. 1 
H. More Song of Soul 1, u. xv, From this same universall 
Diapase Each harmony is fram’d, Bentowes 7heoph. 
vi. Ixv, On the trembling cords his swift hand strayes, And 
clos’d all with full Diapaze. Mrs. Wuitney Od or 
Even ? xxiv. 255 The ceaseless soft crush of the waterfall 
kept up its gentle diapase. 

iapasm (doi-ipez'm). Obs. or arch. [ad. L. 
diapasma, a: Gr. dnacpa, f. diandoo-av to sprinkle 
over. In mod. F. déapasme.] A scented powder 
for sprinkling over the person. 

- 1899 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, There’s an excellent 
diapasm in a chain, too, if you like. 1657 G. Srarxey He/- 
mont's Vind. 121 Chymistry is er then to be totally 
comprehended by the Art of Medicine, for by it are pre- 


mes. [1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Diapasma, 
a Pomander or Perfume.] 


1863 Sata Ca; t. Di us 
I. i. 21 She had an exquisitely neat and seek band for.. 


317 


confecting of diapasms, pomanders, and other sweet 
essences. 


Diapason (deidpé'zan), sd. Also 4-5 dyapa- 
son)e, 6 dio-, dyopason, 7 diapazon. [a. L. 
diapason, a. Gr. d:andoav, or divisim ba nacdv 
(se. xopdav), more fully 4 &d macdv xopdav oup- 
govia, the concord through, or at the interval of, all 
the notes of the scale, f. da through + macav, 
genit. pl. fem. of mas all. Cf. 4 5a reoodpoy the 
interval of a fourth, 4 8a wévre of a fifth, etc. Cf. 
also F. diafason (12th c, in Hatz.-Darm.), whence, 
in 16-17th c., accented by poets dapason, but 
already before 1600 with stress on penult.] 

+1. The interval of an octave; the consonance of 
the highest and lowest notes of the musical scale. 

Spoken of by early musicians as ‘a Consonance of eight 
sounds and seuen Interuals’ (Dowland) in reference to the 
intermediate notes of the diatonic scale: cf. sense 3. 

1398 ‘TRevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. exxvi. (1495) 926 
Musyk hath names of nombres as it faryth in Dyatesseron 


_ Dyapente and in Dyapasone and in other Consonanciis and 


accordes, 1413 [see DiareNTE 1]. 1809 Hawes Past, Pleas. 
xvi. ii, The lady excellent, Played on base organs expedient, 
Accordyng well unto dyopason, Dyapenthe, and eke dyetes- 
seron. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 183 It discovereth the true Co- 
incidence of ‘Tones into Diapasons, which is the return of the 
same Sound. 1787 Hawkins Yohzsox 376 note, Answering 
to the unison, the diapente, the diatessaron, and the dia- 
pason, the sweetest concords in musick. 

+b. In ancient music, in names of compound 
intervals, as diapason-diapente, an octave and a 
fifth, a twelfth: so déapason-diatessaron, diapason- 
ditone, etc. ; cf. Chambers Cycl. (1727-51) s.v. 

(1694 Hotper 7 eat. Harmony v. (1731) 84 These are the 
mean Rations comprehended in the Ration of 6 to 2, by 
which Diapason cum Diapente, or a 1z2th, is divided into 
the aforesaid Intervals.] 1727-51 Cuambers Cyr. s.v., ‘The 
diapason-diapente is a symphony made when the voice pro- 
ceeds from the 1st to the 12th tone. 
a term in the Greek music: we should now call it a twed/th. 
[1880 Strainer & Barrett Dict. A/us. Terms, Diapason cunt 
diapente, the interval of a 12th, Diapason cum dtatessaron, 
the interval of an 11th.] 

+e. A part in music that produces such a conson- 
ance; an air or bass sounding in exact concord, 
i.e. in octaves. Chiefly fig. Ods. 

1593 SHaks. Lucr. 1132 So | at each sad strain will strain 
a tear, And with deep groans the diapason bear. 1740 
Dyer Ruins Rome 355 While winds and tempests sweep 
his various lyre How sweet thy diapason. 1814 Scort Ld. 
of Isles 1. i, The diapason of the Deep. 1844 Loner. 
Arsenal at Springfield vii, I hear..in tones of thunder the 
diapason of the cannonade. 

+ 2. fig. Complete concord, harmony, or agrec- 
ment. Oés. 

1sgt Greene Maidens Dreame xxiii, Her sorrows and 
her tears did well accord; Their diapason was in self-same 
cord. 162r Burton Anat. Mel, m. i. u. iii, A true corre- 
spondence, perfect amity, a diapason of vows and wishes. . 
as between David and Jonathan. ?1630 Mitton Ata 
Solemn Music 23 Their great Lord, whose love their motion 
swayed In perfect diapason. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 
1:1. lvi, Inher there’stun’d a just Diapason. 1719 D’UrFey 
Pills (1872) I. 343 Contentment .. tunes the Diapason of 
our souls. 

3. More or less vaguely extended, with the idea 
of ‘all the tones or notes’, to: a. The combination 
of parts or notes in a harmonious whole, properly 
in concord. b. A melodious succession of notes, 
a melody, a strain; now esf. a swelling sound, as of 
a grand burst of harmony: perhaps in this sense 
also associated with the organ-stop (sense 7). ¢. 
The whole range of tones or notes in the scale; the 
compass of a voice or instrument. 

a@. 1g0r Douctas Pal. Hon.1. xli, Fresche ladyis sang 
.. Concordis sweit, divers entoned reportis .. Diapason of 
many sindrie sortis. 1580 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 387 In 
Musicke there are many discords, before there can be 
framed a Diapason. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 14 ‘Thus are 
composed seuen tunes; which harmonie they call Diapason, 
that is to say, the Generalitie, or whole state of consent and 
concord, which is perfect musicke. 1604 R. Cawprey 7ad/e 
Alph., Diapason, a Concord in Musicke of all parts. 
H. M. Srantey Dark Cont. 11. vii. 197 A deep and melo- 
dious diapason of musical voices dating the farewell 
song. 

b. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie m1. xi. 228 When some 
pleasing Diapason flies From out the belly of a sweete 
touched Lute. 1646 CrasHaw Afusic’s Duel Poems 92 
A full-mouth’d dia) mn swallows all. 1776 Sir J. Haw- 
kins Hist. Music 1V.1. x.148 When all the stops are drawn, 
and the registers open .. we hear that full and complete 
harmony .. which .. is what the ancient writers mean to 
express by the term Diapason. 1804 J. Graname Sabbath 
66 The organ .. swells into a diapason full. 1860 C. SAnc- 
ster [nto the Silent Land 139 Tune the lyre To diapasons 
worthy of the theme. 1880 Ouipa Moths I1. 263 His voice, 
is rising in its wonderful giapason clearer and clearer. 

ec. 1687 Drypen St. Cecilia's Day 15 From Harmony to 
Harmony Through all the compass of the Notes it ran, The 
Diapason closing full in Man. 1748 THomson Cast. /ndol. 
1. xli, Who up the lofty diapason [of an Aeolian harp] roll 
Such sweet, such sad, such solemn airs divine? ¢1800 K. 
Wurte Zo my Lyre iii, No hand, thy diapason o'er, Well 
skilled, I throw with sweep sublime. 1806 Moore V7s. 
Philos. 27 ‘To him who traced upon his typic lyre The 
diapason of man’s mingled frame. 


4. transf. and fig. a. A rich, full, deep outburst 


of sound. ‘ 
1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 82 The Diapason of thy 
threates, 1596 Nasne Saffron Walden 115 By your leaue 


1878 - 


‘The word is properly, | 


DIAPENTE. 


they said vnto him (in a thundring yeoman vshers diapason). 
1840 Barnam /ugol. Leg. St. Nicholas, Full, many an 
Aldermanic nose Rolled its loud diapason after dinner. 

b. Entire compass, range, reach, scope. 

185 Hecrs Comp. Solit. viii. (1874) 141 In marriage the 
whole diapason of joy and sorrow is sounded. 1888 Daily 
News 23 Apr. 6/4 Those who run up to the topmost note 
of the diapason of dress. 1893 //d. 9 June 5/8 Not..above 
the diapason of this Protectionist Chamber of Deputies. 

5. A rule orscale employed by makers of musical 


instruments in tuning. 

1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Diapason, among musical instru- 
ment-makers, is a kind of rule, or scale, whereby they adjust 
the pipes of their organs, and cut the holes of their flutes. . 
There is a particular kind of diapason for trumpets .. there 
is another for sackbuts and serpents .. The _bell-founders 
have likewise a diapason, or scale. 1828 in WessteER. 

6. A fixed standard of musical pitch; as in Fr, 


diapason normal, Also fig. 

1875 Hamerton /ntell. Life x. v. 392 Tuning his whole 
mind to the given diapason, as a tuner tunes a piano. 1876 
tr. Blaserna’s Theory Sound iv. 70 An international commis- 
sion fixed as the normal pitch (usually called the diapason 
normal) a tuning fork giving 435 vibrations per second. 

7. The name of the two principal foundation- 
stops in an organ, the Ofen Diapason, and the 
Closed or Stopped Diapason, so called because they 


-extend through the whole compass of the instru- 


ment; also the name of other stops, e.g. } Zolen 


Diapason. 

1519 Organ Specif. Barking in Grove Dict. Mus, 11. 588/1 
Diapason, containing length of x foot or more. 1613 Organ 
Specif. Worcester Cathedral, 2 open diapasons of mettall 
CC fa ut, a pipe of 10 foot long. 1791 Huppesrorb Sa/mag. 
12 When the vast Organ’s breathing frame Echoes the voice 
of loud acclaim, And the deep diapason’s sound Thunders 
the vaulted iles around. 1876 Hires Catech, Organ ix. 
(1878) 67 Violin Diapason, a .. manual stop, with a crisp, 
pungent tone, very like that of the Gamba. 1880 E. J. 
Horkins in Grove Dict. A/us. 11. 597/1 The second Open 
Diapason had .. stopped pipes and ‘helpers’. 

8. attrib. 

1549 Couipl. Scot. vi. 37 In accordis of mesure of diapason 
prolations. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past.1.iv, And lastly, 
throwes His Period in a Diapazon Close. 1851 A. A. 
Warts Evening ii, The echoes of its convent bell .. With 
soft and diapason swell. 1880 E. J. Horxins in Grove Dicé. 
Mus. 11. 594/2 The larger open diapason pipes. 

+ Diapa‘son, v. 04s. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. To resound sonorously. (dtr. and ¢vavs.) 

1608 Hreywoov Rafe Lucrece 1. i, What diapasons more 
in Tarquins name Than in a subjects? 1611 —- Golden 
Age i. Wks. 1874 III. 48 Th’ amazed sounds Of martiall 
thunder (Diapason’d deep). : 

2. intr. To maintain accord with. 

1617 WiTHER /idelia Juvenilia (1633) 479 In their chime, 
Their motibns Diapason with the time. : 

Diaped (daiaped). Geom. [as if ad. Gr. *dua- 
medov, f, da through + we5- in wédov ground, mefiov 
plain, éwimedos plane.] The line in which any two 
non-contiguous planes of a polyhedron intersect. 

In mod. Dicts. 

|| Diapedesis (dai:apédisis). Path, [mod.L., 
a. Gr. ikarndnats, f. Ssamnia-ew to ooze through, f. 
da- through + 775d-ew to leap, throb. In mod.F. 
diapéddse (Paré 16th c.)] The oozing of blood 
through the unruptured walls of the blood-vessels. 

1625 Hart Anat. Ur.u. iv. 68 Such an excretion of bloud 

.is.. called Diafedesis: that is, as much as a streining 
through. 1634 I. Jounson Parey's Chirurg. 1x. i. (1678) 
216 That solution of Continuity .. which is generated by 
sweating out and transcolation, [is termed) Diapedesis. 
1866 A. Fuint Princ, Med. (1880) 27 When the red blood 
corpuscles are pressed through the unruptured vascular 
wall, it is denominated hemorrhage by diapedesis. 1885, 
Lancet 26 Sept. 589 It is possible..that the mercury gains 
access to the circulation by a sort of diapedesis. 

So Diapede'tic a., pertaining to or of the 
nature of diapedesis. In mod. Dicts. 

+ Diapente (deiapentz). Obs. [=OF. dtapenté 
(Godef.), a. L. déapente, Gr. bid mevre, in sense 1 
short for # 5a wévre xopi@v ovppwvia the harmony 
through five strings or notes; in sense 2 for 70 bia 
névre pappaxov the medicament composed of five 
(ingredients) ; see D1a- *.] 

1. In ancient and medizval A/us?c: The conson- 
ance or interval of a fifth. : 

1398 [see Diapason 1]. 1413 Pilg. Sowe (Caxton) v. i. 
(1859) 72 The fayre dyapente, the swete Dyapason. 1579 
‘Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. u. xcvii. 290 a, By what tunes 
of numbers Diapente, or Diapason consisteth ..a deafe man 
may vnderstande. 1609 Doutanp Oranith. Microl. 18 Dia- 
pente, is a Consonance of fiue Voyces, and 4. Interuals .. 
Or it is the leaping of one Voyce to another by a fift, con- 
sisting of three ‘Tones, and a semitone. 1694 P/il. Trans, 
XVIII. 70 A Diapente added to a Diatessaron makes a 
Diapason. 1787 [see Diapason 1]. 1876 Hives Catech. 
Organ ix. (1878) 69. an 

2. In old Pharmacy: A medicine composed of 
five ingredients. 

Originally, an electuary formed by adding ivory shavings 
to the Diatessaron. 

1610 Markuam Aasterf. 1. xcvii. 192 This word Diapente 
is as much as to say, a cc iti fiue simpl 


position of 1614 
— Cheap Hus. 1. i. (1668) 7 Give him. .2 spoonfuls of Dia- 
pente .. which is @alled Horse-Mitridate. 1678 Puituirs, 
Diapente, also a Composition consisting of five ingredients, 
viz. Myrrh, Gentian, Birthwort, Ivory and Bay-berries .. it 
is given by Farriers to Horses that want purging. 1721- 
1800 in Bainry. 


DIAPER. 


dients ; punch. 

[1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 157 That enervating 
Liquor called Paunch (which is Indostan for Five) from 
Five Ingredients ; as the Physicians name their Composi- 
tion _ te.) 1706 Puitutps ‘ed. Kersey), a co also, 
a kind rong Water, made of five several Simples. 1721~ 
1800 in Manes, 1741 Lininc in Phil. Trans. XLII. 497 
‘The Punch, or Diapente .. is made thus: Take Water 2 
Pounds, Sugar 14 Ounce, recent Juice of Limes 2} Ounces, 
Rum 3h Ounces. 

Diaper (deiipar), sd. Forms: 4-6 diapre, 
dyapre, 5 dyapere, 6 dyoper, dieper, dyeper, 
6-7 dyaper, (7 dipar, dibar), 6- diaper. [ME. 
a. OF, dyapre, diapre, orig. diaspre (Godef.), Pr. 
diaspre, diaspe, in med.L. diasprus adj., diaspra, 
diasprum (¢ 1023), sb. (Du Cange); in Byzantine 
Gr, diaompos adj., f. dia- (Dra- 1) + dompos white. 

Early French references mention diaspre ‘que fu fais en 
Costantinoble and ‘dyaspre d’Antioch’, and associate it 
with other fabrics of Byzantine or Lev: antine origin. 
the Roman de la Rose |. 21193 (Meon III. 294) has ‘ Cen- 
daux, molequins agrabis, Indes, vermaux, jaunes et bis, 
Samis, diapres, camelos’. The "word occurs in mediaeval 
Greek, ¢ 959, in Constantine Porphyrogenitus De Ceremoniis 
Aulz "Bysant. (Bonn 1829-40, p. 528) where the inarcoy or 
robe used in the investment of a Rector is described as 
diagnpov. On the analogy of &dAevxos, déagmpos may mean 

‘white at intervals, white interspersed with other colour’; : 
though the sense might also be ‘thoroughly’ or ‘pure 
white.’ In OF., diaspre is often described as blanc. (The 
It., Sp., and Pg. diaspro ‘ jasper’ appears to be unconnected 
with F. and Prov. diaspre ‘diaper’. Du Cange has mixed 
up the two, A gratuitous guess that the name was perhaps 
derived from Ypres in Flanders has no etymological or his- 
torical basis.)] 

I. 1. The name of a textile fabric ; now, and since 
the 15th c., applied to a linen fabric (or an inferior 
fabric of ‘union’ or cotton) woven with a small 
and simple pattern, formed by the different direc- 
tions of the thread, with the different reflexions of 
light from its surface, and consisting of lines 
crossing diamond-wise, with the spaces variously 
filled up by parallel lines, a central leaf or dot, etc. 

In earlier times, esp. in OFr. and med.L., the name was 

payee to a richer and more costly fabric, apparently of 
silk, woven or flowered over the surface with gold thread. 
- See Francisque Michel, Recherches sur les Etoffes de Soie, 
d'Or et d'Arge nt (Paris 1852) 1. 236-244 

a1350 Syr Degarre 802 In a diapre. clothed 3he was. 
13.. Winor Poems fr. Vernon MS. x\vi. 200 Til a Non- 
nerie bei came; But I knowe not pe name: Per was mony 
a derworbe dame In Dyapre dere. 1466 Mann. & Househ, 
Exp. 364 Paid for xj Flemyshe stykes of fyne dyapere .. 
xxvij. vj.d.  x1§02 ArnoLpe Chron. (1811) 244 A borde cloth 
of dyaper, a towell of dyaper. 1513 Bh. Agrvynge in 
Bavees Bk. 268 Couer thy cupborde and thyn ewery with 
the towell of dyaper. 1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 1667 
The tables were couered with clothes of Dyaper | Rychely 
enlarged with syluer and with golde. 1§§a-3 /nz. Ch. 
Goods Staff. in Ann. Litchfield 1V. 50 One vestement of 
red sylke, one vestement of lynen dyoper. 1591 SPENSER 
Mutopotmos 364 Nor anie weauer, which his worke doth 
boast In dieper, in damaske, or in lyne. 1623 Cockeram, 
Diaper,a fine kinde of Linnin, not wouen after the common 
fashion, but in certaine workes. 1624 Wallin Ripon Ch. 
Acts 364 One suite of damaske and another of diaper for 
his table. 1662 Ivstry Bks. (Surtees) 198 For Dyaper for a 
Communion table cloth and napkin, 12s.6d, 1721 Lond. Gaz. 
No 6020/4 Diapers, Damasks, Huckabacks. 1840 BarHam 
Ingol, Leg., Fackd. Rheims, A napkin..Of the best white 
diaper fringed with pink. 1888 J. Watson Art W caving 
(ed. 3) 101 [This] makes by far the best bird- -eye Diaper. 

A towel, napkin, or cloth of this material; 


a baby s napkin or ‘clout’. 

Suaxs, 7am. Shrew 1. i. 57 Let one attend him vvith 
a eae Bason Full of Rose-water, and bestrew'd with 
Flowers, Another beare the Ewer: the third a Diaper. 
1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. 11. 245 Vable and bed- 
linen, diapers, blankets, 1889 J. M. ‘Buncax Lect. Dis. 
Women ix. (ed. 4) 54. 

a.'3. 7 he geometrical or conventional pattern 
or design forming the ground of this fabric. 

Edin. Encycl. V1. 686 A design of that intermediate 
kind of ornamental work which is called diaper. 1882 Beck 
Draper's Dict. 97 Some of the diapers are very curious. 
One of them consists of a series of castles; in each are two 
men holding hawks; the size of each diaper being about six 
inches, and the date the fourteenth century. 

4. A pattern or on of the same kind, or more 
florid, ; colour, ing, or low relief, used to 
decorate a flat surface, as a panel, wall, ete. 

1851 se Dom. as 1. vi. 305 There are still some 


of g ron the ae _ ~_ 
G.G. Scorr pone Abbey yor ap 61 The 
rated on its face with gold dia) 1866 4 ¢, noch oe Tos, 


645/2 The diaper, composed of a raised pattern, decorating 
the background. x Pali Mall G. 11. Sept. 5/1 The 


! 


Thus, | 


| gold. x 


| Faust (1875) II. 1. 


a a ae 


318 


. XLII, 


b. transf. A beverage composed of five ingre- TIT. 5. attrib. a. zeit (see 1). 
vu. 


(In quot. 1497 for F. di 
sag} 0 id Cp ace Bh ee techs 
cloth diapre. 


Itm a 1538 Bury Wills (1850) 134 


A dyeper towell of vii a longe. 1599 Not?ii 
IV. 250 Halfe a pride >: aben elt wig one table 
— 1604 Vestry BS aera 140 A poulpit clothe 

of silke, one owld dipar tablecloth, Lond. Gaz. No. | 


1124/4 One Damask and two Diaper ‘able Cloaths, three 
dozen of Diaper Napkins. 1812 J. Smytu Pract. Customs 
(1821) 130 Diaper Tabling, of the manufacture of the king- 
dom of the United Net erlands. 
Marchmont 1. ii. 30 Her brown-st' 
diaper pinafore. 

b. Having a pattern of this kind, diapered ; as 
diaper-work, -pattern, -couching, 

1480 Wardr. = rage IV (1830) 131 Table clothes off 
dyaper werk ij. Carew Cornwall (1811) 303 Two 
moor stones - eee ——t hewed, with diaper work. 

1769 De Foe’s Tour Gt. Brit of them were 
curiously wrought by Diaper-work Carvings. 1838 Archzo/. 
potted 421 at the a = r-work was—a small 
regular pattern—we may gather from its appearance as 
borrowed in Heraldry. 1859 Turner Dom, Puirchit. IIL. 
ii. 29 The agg of the arch is carved with a sort of 
diaper pattern. Parker Jélustr. Goth. Archit. 1. 
v. 175 The soins & of the wall is often covered with flat 
foliage, arranged in small squares called diaper-work. 1876 
Gwitt Archit, Gloss. 1231 Diaper Work, the face of stone 
worked into squares or lozenges, with a leaf therein ; as 
over arches aad between bands. 1882 Caucreitp & Sawarp 
Dict. Needlework 153 Diaper couching, a variety of couch- 
ing used in Church Work. 1886 Ruskin /reterita 1. 335 
The diaper pattern of the red and white marbles. 

Diaper (dai:apar), v.  [prob. a. F. diaprer, OF. 
diasprer, {. diapre, diaspre: see prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To diversify the surface or ground of 

(anything) with a small uniform pattern ; now sfec. 
with one consisting of or based upon a diamond- 
caved reticulation. 

375 Se. Leg. Saints, Eugenia 711 And cled hyr wele .. 
In ath, dyopret of gold fyne. -_ Cuaucer Axnt.'s 7. 
1300 Couered in clooth of gold dyapered weel. 1400 
Rom. Rose 934 And it [the bow] was peynted wel and thwi- 
ten, And over-al diapred and writen With ladies and with 
bacheleres. %¢1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 744 With damaske 
white, and asure blewe, Wel dyapred with lyllyes newe. 
1680 Morven Geog. Rect. (1685) 150 Excellent Artists in 
Diapring Linnen loaths. 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. § 302 
The practice of diaperin og walls, whereof an instance 
occurs in Westminster Abbe 

2. transf. and fig. T o adorn with diversely 
coloured details ; to variegate. 

1592 Greene Ufst. Courtier, Fragrante flowres that diapred 
this valley. 1603 FLorio ‘Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 300 
The wheelings .. of the celestiall bodies diapred in colours. 
1613 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. i, i rayes Wherewith the 
sunne doth diaper the seas. 1665 Sir ‘T. Hersert /rav. 
(1677) 380 Such flowers as Nature usually diapers the Earth 
with. 1862 SaLa Seven Sons 1. ix. 209 Tall chimneys, from 
whose tops — curled and diapered the woodland dis- 
tance. 1865 CartyLe /redk. Gt. 1X. xx. v. 97 Six coffee- 
cups, very pretty, well diapered, and tricked-out with all 
the little embellishments which increase their value. 

3. intr. To do diaper-work ; to flourish. 

1573 Art of Limming 8 How to florishe or diaper with 
a pensel over silver or goulde. /é7d. (1588) 8 If thou wilt 
diaper upon silver, take Cerius with a pensill and draw or 
florish aust thou wilt over thy silver. 1634 Peacnam Genii. 
Exerc. 1. xiv. 46 If you Diaper upon folds, let your worke 
be broken. 


Diaperet (dai-apaid), pA/. a. 
dtapré, OF, diaspré.} 
re Having the surface or ground diversified and 
adorned with a diaper or fret-work pattern. 
2a 1400 Morte Arth. 3252 A duches dere-worthily dyghte 
in dyaperde wedis. c1goo Maunpev. (1 ie xxii. 233 All 
clothed in clothes dyapred of red selk all wrought with 
Biount crater fgets or Diapred, diver- 
sified with flourishes or sundry ures, whence we call 
Cloth that is so diversified, Diaper. 1664 Power /.xf, 
Philos. 1. 50 The backside of a.. sweet Brier Leaf, loo! 
diaper’d most excellently with silver. 1871 B. Taytor 


2it Bind ye in precious diapered 
Fexcuson in Tristram 4foad 371 The same 


Miss Brappon 
frock and scanty 


[f. prec. + -ED: 


stuffs, 
diapered brick-wall that is now seen. 
his own Mechanic § 798 A blue, , or scarlet ground with 
a fleur-de-lys, or cross, or small Siapared red pattern. 


. Heraldry; see Diarer sb. 4 b- 
1610 Guittim ae nal ba v. (1660) 31 That Field or bor- 
dure is properly said diapered, which being fretted all 


over, hath something quick or dead, appearing within the 
Frets. 1864 Bowret. irrelay Hist. « ph po xix. 303 Rac 


| ‘are call fective Bsals in -ERY ; in sense 1 


1881 Every Man | 


pn ge ae | Fgees gt ade oa ae, 


- arn mga Srl Then 81 Diapenng.t ree 
merely a oo embellishment, not .. enter into 
Die be Coat ai iapey 
pry, sb. Obs. [f. Diaper, 
. ad, 
OF. diaspré, diapré ‘diapered (stuff) ’.] 
1. =Diarer sé. 1. 

¢ 1460 J. Russet Bk. Nurture 193 Cover by cuppeborde 
of thy ewery with the towelle of aepiew, hy 

2. Diaper-work ; fg. variegated face (of the earth). 

1633 Eart Mancu. Ad Mondo (1636) 119 ea sm ie Bee, so 
soone as flowers spring, goes al |, Views the Diapery. 

+ Diapery, diapry, «. Oés. [f. Diares 3b. + 
-Y1: cf. papery, wintry.) Of the nature of diaper 
or dey a -work ; chequered with various colourin 

yLvESTER Du Bartas nu. i. ha ape tot aah Mat 6: The 
Prone mansions where man-kinde doth Bait in in 
six dayes. /bid, n. ii. Colonies 428 "They. lie neerer the 
dia verges Of tear-bridge Tigris swallow-swifter surges. 

+ ,a.and sb. Obs. rare. [f. mod.L. 
and Romanic stem diaphan- ‘see DIAPHANE) + -AL.] 

A. adj. =DIAPHANOUS. 

ag B. Jonson Entertainment to K. & Q. at Theobalds 
(22 May), Divers diaphanal glasses filled with several waters, 
that shewed like .. stones of orient and transparent hues. 

a 1645 W. Browne ‘Love Poems Wks. — Il. 276 By thy 
chaster fire will all Be so wrought diaphanall. 
B. sb. A diaphanous or transparent body. 

Ps Survey Court Secret 1.i, Uf you find beeen ok great 

anal (the Soul) an atom Lool tok black as guilty. 

“Dia e (dai: aféin), a. and sb, [a. F. diaphane 
(14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.); cf. Pr. déafan, It., Sp , Pg. 
diafano, med. and mod.L. diaphan-us ; f. Gr. da- 
parns transparent, f. 5a- through + “paras showing, 
appearing, from Paivew to show, cause to appear.] 

+ A. adj. = DiarHanovs, transparent. Ods. 

1561 — Arte of Nanig. 1. i, Diaphane or transparent 
bodyes. Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits vi. (1596) 77 
Some eae colours, and some are diap and t 
1824 Ann. Reg. 270° A new manufacture of stuffs, with 
transparent te Beth which he calls Diaphane Stuffs. 

B. sé. 1. A transparent body or substance; a 
transparency. 

[ Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w. ii. Frequently both 
in ie Laneneas of the foly vena gob fi weed the 
ancient Heathen Authors, the whole Diaphanum of the 
Air and ther is in one common appellation called Heaven ; 
which is the denomination here given to this £. sum.) 
1840 Mrs. Browninc Drama oie ile Poems (1889) I. 100 
Through the crystal diaphane. 

2. A silk stuff : see quot. 

1824 [see A.) 1882 Cautreitp & Sawarp Dict. Needle- 
— 1 53 Diaphane, a woven silk stuff, having transparent 
coloure figures. 

+ Diraphaned, f//. a. Obs. [repr. F. diaphané, 
vn - pple. of diaphaner to make transparent (Cotgr.).] 

ade diaphanous ; transparent. 

1626 tr. Boccalini 53 (T.) pera: of much wine hath the 
virtue to make bodies diap 

Dia: ty (daijz: faniiti). " Also 7 -iety. 
[mod. f. Gr. dkapavys, stem diapave-, trans: ft, 
or dapdvea transparency: see -ITY. Perhaps 
originatingein a med. or mod.L. *diaphaneitas. 
Occurring in F. (diaphandité) in 14th c. (Hatz.- 
Darm.); in Eng. late in 17th c., an earlier ym 
being DiapHaniry, The corresponding orm of 
the adj. is diaphaneous.) The quality of being 
freely pervious to light ; transparen 

a done New Exp. Phys. Mec pers git The Dia- 
Prono of the Air, Fanner aa Aare pa, The 
difficulty of explaining — Dia 
1662 Merrett tr. Neri's Arta Glas: Rank res een Sea- 

n lose it's nc Phil. 


XIII induct Seg) | ioe the material. 

Hist. Induct Se. (8, ne 399 b> anand bodies 

is very distinct from their power of transmitti “aoe, Ca, 
Diaphaneous, obs. var. seg 


Diaphanic, «. 0/: £. Gr. Biapanys 
i phe tiaphan ae et ey are 


or f. Romanic stem diaphan- (see 
1614 I sage re Hist. ee 1. i. $6 Vast, open, subtile, dia- 


seal of Jaspar Tudor also has the field of the seal 
diay with the Planta Genista, 
¢e. transf. and fig. 
Srenser Efithad. 51 And let the gi 
wae heaven t flowers a along, And f sane Dey the ae 


colored <a. 1597 7: 
diapred greene gah, . Mason in Bu 


nd is most bennal ully carved in a 


"hdc A wpe of ornamentation, 
in — or low relief, to cover the surface 
of a shield and form the ground on which the 


bearing is charged. See Diarre. 
pion Teena Gentl. Exerc. wm. 159 Some c their 
Scotc! with diaper as the French, 1882 Cussans 


Handbk, Her, v. 81 To represent the Diaper by a slightly 
“es ie of the same tincture as that on which it is laid. 
«paso to the floral variegation of the 
Pi ae the ground, 
1600 Maides Metam, u. in Bullen O. Pl. 1, 118 This 
grassie bed, With summers gawdie dyaper bespred. 


Anthropomet. Let.to Author, Any itable on the diaper'd 
cath 4p J. C. Mancan ' Posme (apy 4a Our diapered 
canopy, the deep of the sky. 


Diapering, v//. sd. [f. as prec. +-1nG 1] 

1. The production of a diaper pattern; the cover- 
ing of a surface with such a pattern. 

1606 Peacnam Art of Drawing 34 Diapering. .is..a light 
tracing or running over with bag Fh ge Be pl your other work 
when you have quite done (I mean shadowing and rl ; 
it Bog Bectny' to counterfeit cloth of Gold, Silver, 


arnass, WM. 305, I like this | 


s | : A obi for the imitation of painted or stained 


= DiapHanous, 
| Diaph (déa'fand). [mod.F. diaphanie, 
f. diaphane; see DIAPHANE.] The name given to 


fo ang XX, 122 A red paper invention called Dia- 


= p hye intended Five 
mi jain glass. 5 ian ve 
= a "window in Gaphan ani, Bre te 
" Dinwt to be executed . 


pha‘nity. Obs. Pies ae F, diaphanité 

16th a) Sp, diafansiaes nem 

iaphane, It. diafan-o, med. phan-us : 
-t y. diphen and -1ry.] =DIAPHANEITY. 


t BG se, 


ncht, Velvet, Chai C.y With what { 
you list. 1882 Heck Draper's Dict. 97 The ar | 1497 Norton Ord. Alch. iii. in Ashm. oe) 42 A 
diapering to linen cannot definitely be traced. 1 — | stone glitter 
| Handbk, Her, 78 Diapering was a device much practised | excellent 1577 Dix Xedat. Sspir.1. (1659)9 The 


DIAPHANOMETER. 


Stone was of his natural Diaphanitie. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. 11. i. 55 If it be made hot ina crusible. .it will grow 
dim, and abate its diaphanity. 1664 Power Ef, Philos. 1. 
55 It was like a thin horn ic rset 3 diaphanous .. which 
diaphanity might perchance hinder the appearance both of 
its cavity and angularity. 

Diaphano'meter. [f. Gr. d:aparys trans- 
parent, or rather its med.L. and Romanic adapta- 
tion diaphano- + -meTER, Gr. pérpov measure.] A 
measurer of transparency; sfec. an instrument for 
measuring the transparency of the atrhosphere. 

1789 Tilloch’s Philos. Mag. \11. 377 (Article) Description 
of M. de Saussure’s Diaphanometer. . The diaphanometer is 
.. designed to show the greatness of the evaporation exist- 
ing in any limited part of the atmosphere which surrounds 
us. The measure of transparency .. is founded on the pro- 

rtion of the distances at which determined objects cease to 
& visible. 1807 1. Younc Lect. Nat. Phil. §& Mech, Arts 
IL. 74 1857 J. P. Nicuot Cyct, Phys. Sc. _ 

Diaphanoscope (doi,"fano\skdup). 
prec. + Gr. -oxon-os observing.] 

+1. A contrivance for viewing transparent positive 
photographs. Ods. 

1868 Chambers’ Encycl. 111. 538/1 Diapha'noscope, a dark 
box constructed for exhibiting transparent photographs. 

2. An instrument used in obstetrical surgery for 
the examination of internal organs through the 
translucent walls of the abdomen when internally 
illuminated by electricity. Hence Diaphano'scopy, 
the clinical use of the diaphanoscope. 

1883 Q. Rev. July 82 The long promised but never perfected 
diaphanoscope, 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Diaphanoscopy, aterm 
applied by Rearewnch. to the exploration of the genital 
organs by means of an electric light introduced into the 
vagina in a glass tube. i 

Diaphanous (doi,ze'fanos), a. Also 7 diapha- 
neous. [f. med.L. déaphan-us (see DIAPHANE) + 
-ous. The form diaphaneous more closely repre- 
sented the Gr.: cf. DIAPHANEITY.] Permitting 
the free passage of light and vision; perfectly trans- 


parent; pellucid. 

1614 Raveicu //ist. World 1.i.§ 7 Aristotle calleth light 
a quality inherent, or cleauing toa Dishacods body. 1633 
T. Avams Ef. 2 Peter ii. 4 In hell there shall be nothing 
diaphanous, perspicuous, clear. c1645 Howe vt Ze/?. I. 1. 
xxix, To transmute Dust and Sand to such a diaphanous 

lucid dainty body as you see a Crystal-Glasse is. 1 ‘ 

impson Hydrol, Chynt. 10 The diaphaneous texture of the 
particles in the vitrioline solution. 1680 Boye Sceft. Chenz. 
v. 326 The one substance is Opacous, and the other somewhat 
Diaphanous. 1794 Martyn Roussean’s Bot. xxxii. 500 The 
fructifications are in a diaphanous membrane, 1833 Penny 
Cyct. I. 450/2 The crystals of the amethyst vary from dia- 
anous to translucent. 1868 Duncan /usect World ii. 59 

The wings are whitish, not diaphanous. 1895 7he Lady 

1 Jan, 133 With this was worn a diaphanous white picture 
hat caught up with..white ribbons, 

Hence Dia‘phanously adv., in a diaphanous 
manner, transparently; Dia‘phanousness, dia- 
phanous quality, transparency. 

1683 E. Hooker Pref. Efpist. Pordage's Mystic Div., Most 
Diaphanously, perspicuously, no less clearly. .than the Sun* 
Beams upon a Wall of Crystall. 1710 T, Futter Pharm. 
Extemp, 220 As here order’d ’twill be diaphanously clear. 
1727 Battey vol. II, Diaphaneity, Diaphanousness, the 
property of a diaphanous Body. 

Diaphemetric (dei,zx:fime'trik), a. [mod, f. 
Gr. dta- apart (D1A-') + &pq touch + -METRIC.] 
Relating to the measurement of the comparative 
tactile sensibility of parts. 

Diaphemetric compasses, ‘an instrument, consisting of a 
pair of compasses with a graduated scale, used for the same 
purpose as the EstHESIOMETER.’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 

18.. in DunGuison, ‘ 

Diaphonic (deiafpnik), a. 

+-10.} Also Diaphonical. 

1. Ofor pertaining to diaphony: see DIAPHONY 2. 

1822 New Monthly Mag, V1. 201 To give a concert with 
a full orchestra upon the diaphonic principle, 

2. =Dracoustic, 

1775 Asn, Diaphonic. 1846 WorcestER, Diaphonic, Dia- 

Fikes 


onical, 

Diaphonies, ? 0s. [f. as pl. of prec.: see 
-Ics.]_ = Dracovustics, 

1683 Phil. Trans. X1V. 473 Three parts of our Doctrine 
of Acousticks ; which are yet nameless, unless we call them 
Acousticks, Diacousticks, and Catacousticks, or (in another 
sense, but to as good re ) Phonicks, Diaphonicks, and 


[f. as 


[f. as DrapHon-y 


Cataphonicks. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Diacousticks, 
or Diaphonicks, is the consideration of the properties of 
Refracted sound, as it passes through different mediums. 

+ Dia‘phonist. Ods.rvare—°. [f. next +-187.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Diaphonist, he that makes divers 
sounds. ; 

Diaphony (doijze-foni). AZws. [ad. late L. dia- 
phonia dissonance, discord, a. Gr. d:apwvia discord, 
f. &kdpwvos dissonant, f. dia- apart + povety to sound, 
Cf. F. diaphonie, 18th c. in Hatz.-Darm.] 

+1. In etymol. sense: Discord. Ods.—° 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Diaphony, a divers sound, a discord. 

2. In medicval music (as usually understood) ; 
The most primitive form of harmony, in which 
the parts proceeded by parallel motion in fourths, 
fifths, and octaves: the same as ORGANUM. 

But some suppose it to have meant a system in which 
the parts were sung vesponsively at these intervals, 

1834 A. Merrick A lbrechtsberger's Theoret. Wks. 154 note. 
1871 Q, Rev. No. 261. 158 We might add no harmony, for 


319 


the ee ..is to our ears most terrible discord. 
1880 C. H. H. Parry in Grove Dict. Mus, 1. 39% The sup- 
posed first form of harmony, which was called Diaphony, 
or Organum, 188r MacrarrENn Counterp, i. 1 Diaphony.. 
may have meant alternation or response .. the parts .. were 
sun in succession and not together. 

ll Diaphoresis (doiaforé'sis). Med. [L. dia- 
phoresis, a, Gr. S:apdpyots a sweat, perspiration, f. 
d:apopety to carry off, spec. to throw off by perspira- 
tion, f. &a- through + popety to carry.] Perspiration; 
especially, that produced by artificial means. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diaphoresis, 
evaporation, as by sweating. 1710 T. Futter Phariz. 
Extemp. 101 This sort of Cure by a Diaphoresis is not always 
certain. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 8 In the Height of 
Fevers..it is very effectual ..to forward a Diaphoresis. 1876 
Bartuotow Mat. Med. (1879) 53 When active diaphoresis 
is the object to be accomplished, the patient must be well 
enveloped in blankets. 

Diaphoretic (dei:aforetik), a. and sd, Med, 
[ad. L. diaphoréticus, a. Gr. iapopyntixds promoting 
perspiration, f. d:apdpnots : see prec. So F. dtapho- 
rétique, in 14th c. dtaforetique in Hatz.-Darm.] 

A. adj, Having the property of inducing or pro- 
moting perspiration ; sudorific. 

1563 T. Gate Antidot. 1. iv. 3 The simples Diaphoretik 
are these. 163x H. Suirtey Wart, Souldier un. iv. in Bullen 
O. Pl. 1, 219 Diophoratick Medicines to expell II] vapours 
from the foule parts by sweate. 1680 Morven Geog. ect. 
(1685) 253 Baths and Hot Springs that are very Diaphoretic 
7 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Antimony, Yo prepare Dia- 
phoretick Antimony. 1883-4 Med. Ann. 44/1 It is diuretic 
but not diaphoretic, | . 

B. sb. A medicinal agent having this property. 

1656 Ripctey Pract. Physick 19 Vhen diaphoreticks at 
first, and colder diureticks. 1672 PA7l. Trans. VII. 4029 He 
commends Spirit of Hartshorn, as an excellent Diaphoretick. 
1732 ArsutHnot Rules of Diet 273 Diaphoreticks or Pro- 
moters of Perspiration. rid eet aly Handbk, Med. (ed. 3) 
I. 35 The only diaphoretic that is of much practical value 
is some form of bath which promotes perspiration. 

+ Diaphore'tical, a. Os. [f-as prec. + -AL.] 
= DIAPHORETIC a. 

1601 Hotianp Pliny II. 341 The ashes of a goats horn in- 
corporat into an vnguent with oile of myrtles, keeps those 
from diaphoretical sweats who are anointed therwith. 1605 
TimME Quersit. u. vii. 141 Why it should be diaphoretical, 
that is to say, apt to prouoke sweates, 1657 W. CoLrs 
Adam in Eden 329 By its dryness and diaphoretical quality. 

Diaphoric (daiadfp rik), a. A/ath. [f. Gr. da- 
popos different +-1c.] Of or pertaining to difference; 
in diaphoric function, a function of the differences 
of variables. 

1883 Cavey in Camb, Phil. Trans. X11. 12 The function 
..is a function of the differences of the variables. . Any such 
function is said to be ‘diaphoric’: and it is easy to see that 
taking for the variables any inverts whatever, a diaphoric 
function is always curtate. 1893 Lioyp TANNER in Proc, 
Lond. Math, Soc. XX1V. 264. : 

Diaphorite (deijeforsit). In. [f. Gr. did- 
gopos different, Siapopd difference, distinction + 
-ITE.] +a. A name formerly used for an altered 
rhodonite related to allagite. b. A name given 
by Zepharovich to the orthorhombic form of 
Freieslebenite. 

1868 Dana Min. Index, Diaphorite, v. Allagite. 1871 
Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. 1. 1.381 He retains the original name 
for the monoclinic species, and gives the name diaphorite to 
the orthorhombic. 

Diaphr: (dai-afreém), sb. Also 7- agme. 
[ad. L. diaphragma, a. Gr. 5appaypa, the midriff, 
primarily ‘ partition-wall, barrier’, f. da- through, 
apart + ppayua fence, f. ppaccev to fence in, hedge 
round, Long used in L. form. Cf. F. diaphragme, 
in 13-14th c. déaffragme (Hatz.-Darm.).] 

I. 1. Anat. The septum or partition, partly 
muscular, partly tendinous, which in mammals 
divides the thoracic from the abdominal cavity ; 
the midriff, 

Its action is important in respiration, and it is also con- 
cerned in laughter, sneezing, and hiccough ; hence 0 move 
the diaphragm, to excite laughter. 

_ 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.vu. lv. (1495) 269 Diafragma 
is a skynne that departyth and is sette bitwene the bowels 
and the spirytuall membres. cx Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 
16x Pis diafragma departip be spirituals from pe guttis. 
1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 220 There is a parti- 
tion called diaphragma by the Gracians, which separateth 
the instruments of the vital partes, from the nourishing 

rts, 1626 Bacon Sylva § 697 It is true that they [/usecta] 

ave (some of them) Diaphragm and an Intestine. 1629 
Gaute Holy Madn, 293 It still moues my Diaphragme, 
what once mou'd the Spleene of Cyrus, 1685 Boy_e £xg, 
Notion Nat. 326 Divers of the Solid Parts, as the Heart and 
Lungs, the Diaphragma. 1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 369 
The Diaphragm is a muscle of the greatest importance in 
respiration, 1872 Darwin £motions viii. 202 The sound of 
laughter is produced by a deep inspiration, followed by short, 
interrupted spasmodic contractions of the chest, and especi- 
ally of the diaphragm, 1875 Brake Zoo/. 1 Inspiration is 
performed chiefly by the aid of the diaphragm, 

II. Transferred uses, 

2. generally. Applied to anything natural or arti- 
ficial which in its nature or function resembles the 
diaphragm of the animal body, or similarly serves 
as a partition. 

1660 Bovte New, Exp. Phys. Mech. xxiv. 192 Certain 
Diaphragmes, consisting of the coats of the bubbles. 1862 
M. Hopkins //awaii 27 That this fiery bottom was only a 


DIAPHRAGM. 


roof or diaphragm, of no great thickness, the upper and 
solidified portion of the incandescent matter of the volcano. 
1891 Pall MallG. 21 Aug. 6/2 A real advance in cartography 
was made when Dicwarch of Messena (390-290 B.c.) in- 
troduced the parallel of Rhodes. This ‘diaphragm’ was 
intersected at right angles by parallel lines representing 
meridians, 

3. a. Zool. A septum or partition separating the 
successive chambers of certain shells. Also applied 
to the operculum of a gastropod. 

1665 Hooke Microgr, 111 These shells which are thus 
spirallied and separated with Diaphragmes, were some kind 
of Nautili. 1728 Woopwarp Fossils (J.), Parted into 
numerous cells by means of diaphragms. 1858 GeiKir ///sf, 
Boulder v. 68 The same thin diaphragms..marked the suc- 
cessive stages of the animal's growth. 1880 A. R. WaLLace 
Ist. Life v. 76 Some .. which close the mouth of the shell 
with a diaphragm of secreted mucus. 

b. Bot. A septum or partition consisting of one 
or more layers of cells, occurring in the tissues of 
plants ; a transverse partition in a stem or leaf. 

1665 Hooke J/icrogr. 115 Not to consist of abundance of 
long pores separated with Diaphragms, as Cork does. 
1874 Cooke Fung? 35 ‘The mouth being for some time 
closed by a veil, or diaphragm, which ultimat®y disappears. 
1884 Bower & Scotr De Lary’s Phaner. 217 Vhe air- 

assages in the internodes, petioles, and leaves of most 
Monocotyledons .. the internodes and petioles or conical 
leaves of the Marsiliacez, the leaves of the Isoetez, etc., 
are partitioned by diaphragms. did, 219 ‘The one-layered 
diaphragms. .in the leaf of Pistia. 

4. Mech. A thin lamina or plate serving as a 
partition, or for some specific purpose ; sometimes 
transferred to other appliances by which such pur- 
pose is effected: e.g. 

a. A thin plate or disk used as a partition, especially in 
a tube or pipe; in optical instruments, an opaque plate or 
disk pierced with a circular hole to cut off marginal beams 
of light. 

1665 Hooke Microgr. Pref., The Ray .. passes also per- 
pendicularly through the Glass @iaphragme. 1669 Boytr 
Contin. New Exp, 1. (1682) 19 A Diaphragma or Midriff of 
Tin whose edges are so polished on both sides that [etc.]. 
1682 Weekly Mem. Ingen, 250 Two tin pipes, with a dia- 
phragm pierced in the middle, and stopped with a sucker. 
1773 Phil. Trans. LXII1, 203 Several diaphragms of paste- 
board. .to be applied to the object-glass externally, 1800 
lbid. XC. 557 A diaphragm, whose aperture was $ an inch, 
was then put over the object-glass of the transit telescope. 
1850 Cuuss Locks & Keys 35 Ina line with the plane of the 
plate, or diaphragm of the lock, 1872 Huxtey Piys. ix. 229 
To have what is termed a diaphragm (that is an opaque 
plate with a hole in the centre) in the path of the rays. 

transf. 1860 ‘lyNDALL Glac. 1, xxvii. 207 The clouds. .had, 
during the night, thrown vast diaphragms across the sky. 
1867 A. J. Extis £. 2. Pronunc. 1. iii. 161 The lips which 
form a variable diaphragm. 1878 Foster PAys. 11, ii. 397 
The iris serving as a diaphragm. 

b. The porous cup of a voltaic cell. 5 

1870 R. M. Fercuson £lect7. 136 Taking 14. for diaphragm 
or porous cell. 18853 Watson & Burpery ath. 7h. Electr. 
§& Magn. 1. 234 The hydrogen //2 does not as in that case 
remain free, It passes through the diaphragm and displaces 
an equivalent of copper in the sulphate of copper. 

ec. A membrane stretched in or on a frame; a vibrating 
membrane or disk in an acoustic instrument; the vibrating 
disk of a telephone. 

1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. |. (1856) 483 The kayack itself 
is a mere diaphragm of skin, stretched on a wooden frame. 
1866 Reader 15 Sept. 796 An ear-trumpet, across the mouth 
of which was stretched a diaphragm of Indian rubber. 1879 
G. Prescott Sf. Telephone p. iil, In 1861 Reiss discovered 
that a vibrating diaphragm could be actuated by the human 
voice. 1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. VV. 155/1 When the sound 
vibrations impinge upon the mica diaphragm the needle- 
point will indent the tinfoil. 

d. The assemblage of lines of reference in the focus of 
a telescope, whether ruled upon glass, or formed of spider 
webs stretched in a frame. 

1829 W. Pearson Pract. Astron. II. 133 The first reticu- 
lated diaphragm that was used in making astronomical ob- 
servations was by the Parisian astronomer Cassini. 1844 
Smytu Cycle Celest. Objects (1860) 215 Reticulated dia- 
phragms .. useful in mapping stars, and differentiating 
them. 1879 Newcoms & Ho pen Astron. 76 Fine spider 
lines tightly stretched across a metal plate or diaphragm. 

5. attrib., as diaphragm current, eyepiece, nerve, 
plate, etc. 

1667 R. Lower in Phil. Trans. 11. 546 A dog, whose Dia- 
phragme-nerves are cut. 1859 F. A. Grirritus A rtill. Man. 
(1862) 89 One inch in length for diaphragm shells. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diaphragm currents, electric currents 
caused by forcing a liquid through a porous diaphtagm. 

Hence || Diaphragma‘igia, Diaphragmata lgia 
[Gr. dA-yos, -aAyia pain}, pain in the diaphragm ; 
|| Diaphragmati'tis, -mi-tis, inflammation of the 
diaphragm; Diaphra‘gmatocele, hernia of the 
diaphragm (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II. 6/2 The diaphragm is subject 
to attacks of inflammation..termed diaphragmitis. 1854-67 
C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Diaphragmalgia, Dia- 
phragmatocele. 1857 DuncLison Med. Lex. 293 Diaphrag- 
matalgia, Diaphragmalgia, /did., The essential symptoms 
of diaphragmitis. 

Dia: 2 [f. prec.] ¢vans. To fit or 
act upon with a diaphragm. 70 diaphragm down, 
in Optics: to reduce the field of vision of (a lens, 
etc.) by means of an opaque diaphragm with a 
central aperture (see prec. sb. 4 a). 

1879 H. Gruss in Proc. R. Dubl. Soc. 181 Even after shut- 
ting one eye and diaphragming the otherdown. 1894 Brit. 
Frul. Photogr. XLI. 1 If both [lenses] are diaphragmed 
down to the same aperture. 


DIAPHRAGMAL, 


Diaphra‘ a. [f. Drarparacm+-au.] Of 
the nature of a diaphragm ; diaph atic, 

1890 Darwin's Expr. Emotions (ed. 2) iii. 85 note, The dia- 
phragmal respiration. | ; ; 

Dia tic (dai:afregme'tik),@. [mod. 
f. Gr, d:appaypat-, stem of dudppaypa DIAPHRAGM : 
see -Io. Cf. F. diaphragmatique (Paré 16th c.)] 
Of or pertaining to the diaphragm ; of the nature 
of a diaphragm. 

1656 BLount Glossogr. s.v. Vein, Diaphragmatick veins, 
the midriff veins. 1755 Spry in Phil. Trans, XLIX. 478 
The diaphragmatic upper mouth of the stomach. 
Blackw. Mag. XXX1X. 167 The diaphragmatic convulsion, 


which, in the i language of our nation, is called | 


aguffaw. 1878 Foster //ys. u. ii. § 1.259 That movement 
in the lower part of the chest and abdomen so characteristic 
of male breathing, which is called diaphragmatic. 1881 
Muvart Cat 462 A complete diaphragmatic partition. 
tic , adv. [f. prec.+-ALl 

+ -LY<.] Ina diaphragmatic manner; by means 
of the diaphragm. 

1888 Cassell’s am. Mag. Dec. 14/1 The important point 
= eens is to do so diaphragmatically and not clavi- 
cularly. 


Di-ap ed, #f/. a. [f. DIAPHRAGM v. or | 
sb.+-ED.] Furnished with a diaphragm or dia- 
phragms. 


1665 Hooke Microgr. 114 The pores .. were they dia- 
phragm'd, like those of Cork, would afford us .. ten times 
as many little cells. 

Les) a eine (daijerfisis). [ad. Gr. Bidpvors a 
growing through, also a point of separation, f. d:a- 
through, apart + pvew to produce, bring forth.] 

1. Anat. ‘The shaft of a long bone, as distinct 
from the extremities’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

183t R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat.11 Their extremities are 
enlarged, and their middle part, which is named body or 
diaphysis, is contracted. 1890 W. J. WatsHam Surgery 
(ed. 3) 11. 184 ‘'wenty-on@ years of age, the period at which 
nearly all the epiphyses have united with their diaphyses. 
189t Lancet 3 Oct. 768 When amputation is done in the 
miner es the bone keeps on growing from its upper epi- 
physis. 

2. Bot. ‘A preternatural extension of the centre 


of the flower, or of an inflorescence’ (7veas. Bot. 


1866). 
Hence Diaphy:sial a., of or pertaining to the 
diaphysis. In mod. Dicts. 


|| Diaplasis (doi,e'plasis). Svrg. [mod.L., a. 
Gr. danas a putting into shape, setting of a 
limb, f. &awAdaoev to form, mould.) (See quots.) 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Diaplasis, is the setting of 
a Limb which was out of joynt. 1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey). 
1857 Dunctison Med. Lex. 232 In French surgery .. Dia- 
plasis and Anaplasis mean also, restoration to the original 
form —as in fractures, etc. 188 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Diapla:stic, a. and sd. Ods. [f. same etymon 
as prec. : see PLASTIC.) 

1721 Baitey, Diaplasticks (in Pharmacy), medicines which 
are good for a Limb out of joint. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

il Dia-pnoe. Med. Obs. [mod.L., a. Gr. d:an- 
von in Galen, perspiration.] An insensible perspira- 
tion, or gentle moisture on the skin. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diapnoe, a 
breathing forth. 1706 Puitiirs, Diaphoresis or Diapnoe. 

Hence Diapno genous, Diapnoic adjs., pro- 
ducing a moderate perspiration. 

1857 Dunciison Med. Lex. 699 The perspiratory fluid is 
secreted by an appropriate glandular apparatus termed by 


Breschet, diapnogenous. ie : 

Diapophysis (daiapg'fisis). Anat. Pl. -physes. 
[f. Gr. a through, apart + dmdpvois offshoot, 
Apopnysis.] A term applied by Owen toa 2 
of exogenous segments of the typical vertebra, 
forming lateral processes of the neural arch, 

In the cervical vertebra of man and other mammals it is 
represented by the posterior part of the ring enclosing the 
vertebral artery; in the dorsal vertebra by the transverse 
process; in the lumbar and sacral vertebra by short pro- 
cesses of the centrum (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1854 Owen Skeleton in Circ. Sc. Organ. Nat. I. 168 The 
neural arch. .also sometimes includes a pair of bones, called 
‘diapophyses’, 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. vi. (#873) 220 
We may thus distinguish two series of paraxial parts on 
each side, one made mo of tubercular processes (or dia- 
pophyse§) and ribs, a the other made up of capitular 


pr (or parapophyses) and ribs. 
Hence Diapophy’sial a., of or belonging to a 
diapophysis. 


1854 Owen in Cire, Sc. Organ. Nat. I. 206 The bones .. 
manifest more of their diapophysial character than their 
homotypes do in the occipital segment. 
(dai:apor?sis). Rhet. [mod.L., 
a. Gr. &andpyots a being at a loss, doubting.] A 
rhetorical figure, in which the speaker professes to 
be at a loss, which of two or more courses, state- 
ments, etc., to adopt. 
1678 Puit.irs, Diaforesis, a doubting, a Rhetorical figure, 
in which there seems to be a dou to the audi- 
ence before whom the Oration is made. [So in later Dicts.] 


also diaporesis, The Latin term is addubitatio. 

+ Dia‘porous, a. (és. rare. [f. Gr. dua- through 
+ -mopos passing through, f. mépos passage, pore : 
cf. etmopos easy to pass through.] Having the 
quality of penetrating or passing through. 


| Strasburger’s Pract. Bot. 188 The roots 


| occupy suc! 


820 


1682 Evetyn Mem. 24 Mar., A discourse of. .the difficulty 
of finding any red colour effectual to rate glass .. that 
the most diaporous, as blue, yellow, did not enter into 
the substance of what was ordinarily painted, more than 
very shallow .. other reds and whites not at all beyond the 


superfices, 

Dia tive (doiippzitiv). Photogr. [f. Gr. 
&a- through + Posirive.] A transparent positive 
photographic picture, such as those used as lantern 
slides. 

Voice (N. Y.) 30 Nov., An tines: negative. .is first 
fs 4 then placed i cman with ano! sensitive (dry) 
plate and a diapositive made from it. 

+Dicapre, a. /er. Obs. [a. F. diapré dia- 
pered.) = D1IaPEreED 1 b. 

1562 Leicn Armorie (1597).93 The field Geules, a Frette 
engrailed Ermine. If this Fret be of mo peeces then ye 
here see, then altereth it from the same name, & is blazed 
dyqpre. 1586 Ferne Blas, Gentrie 1. 190 A coat-armour 
Diapre may be charged with any thing, either quick or 
dead ; but plants, fruits, leaues, or flowres, be aptest to 

coates. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Diapre or 
Diapered, in heraldry, a dividing of a field into planes, or 


compartments, in the manner of fret-work; and filling the | 


same with variety of figures. 


+ Di-aprize, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. F. diapr-er 


to DIAPER + -1ZE.] = DIAPER 2. 

1626 Liste Du Bartas, Noe 116 The diapri ridges 
(marges diaprez] And faire endented banks of Tegil burst- 
ing bridges. [Cf. Diarery a., second quot.] 

+Diapru'ne. 0/s. Also diaprunum. [ad. 
med.L. diapriinum, f. Dia-2 + L. priinum plum. 
In F. diaprun (1700 in Hatz.-Darm.) formerly 
diaprunum.] ‘An electuary made of damask 
prunes and divers other simples, good to cool the 
body in hot burning feavers ’ (Physical Dict. 1657). 

1625 Hart Anat. Ur. u. i. 55 They had purged him.. 
with Diaprunum. 1639 J. W. tr. Guibert's Char. Physic i. 
23 Mixe with it two drammes of diapfunes. 

iapry, sd. and a.: see DIAPERY. 
+Diapsalm. O/s. In 4 diasalm, 8 dia- 
psalma. [a. L. diapsalma (Jerome), a. Gr. da- 
yadpa, used by the LXX in the Psalms for the 
Heb. Se/ah.] (See quots.) 

1382 Wycuir Ps, Prol. 1ii, The deuyseoun of salmys that 
ben clepid diasalmys ben in noumbre of seuenti and fiue. 
1706 Puitvips (ed. Kersey), Diapsalma, a Pause or change 
of Note in Singing. [1877 Jennincs & Lowe Ps. Introd. 


| a symple flyxe of the wombe. 1544 


| Quenes Majesty fell perillos! 


DIARY. ; 
meee: Rev. ys these volumes, he [T. Moore] is. 


iavistio (siktsuk), e. [fprec.4¢-10] OF 
the style of a diarist ; of the nature of a diary. 

1884 Manch. Even. News 2 Apr., Lady Brassey's diaristic 
account of her visit to Egypt 
Mag. Oct. 616 His letters and diaristic ments, 

(daivaraiz),v. [f. Diary sb.+-128.] intr. 
To write a record of events in a diary. Hence 
Di-arizing vd/. sh. and pl. a. 

1827 Moore Diary 6-31 . V. 161 [I] have not had 
time to diarize, so must record by wholesale what I re- 
member. 1853 Lockuart in Croker Papers (1884) 11. xxviii. 
295, 1 had to spare Tories about as often as Whigs the 
castigation of diarizing Malagrowther. 1854 /raser’s Mag. 
XLIX. 443 Where is the man who, when he diarizes frankly 
and fairly, does not write himself vain? 

Diarrhea (doiir’). Also 4-5 diaria, 6- 
diarrhea. [a. L. diarrhea, a. Gr. a flow- 
ing through, diarrhoea, f. d:appé-etv to flow through.] 

A disorder consisting in the too frequent eva- 
cuation of too fluid feeces, sometimes attended with 
griping pains. 

In 17th c, usually with he, in 18th with a, now (in literary 
and educated use) without article. : 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. li. (1495) 265 Diaria is 
Wee er Puagr Kegim. Lyfe 
vi e Sa! uxe 1s named diarrhea. 1 
Gs Conn in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 11. 291 the 
sick on Saturday last, the 


accident cam to that which they call diarrhea. 1 R. 


| Anprose tr. Alexis’ Secr. 1v. 1.12 To remedie the diseases 


called Dissinteriaand Diarrhea. 1598 SyLvester Du Bartas 
u. i. Furies, The diarrhoea and the burning-fever In Som- 
mer-season doo their fell endeavour. Row ann Moufet’s 
Theat. Ins. 1104 They stay also the Dyarrheea .. kill and 
drive out all Belly-worms. ¢17a3 Pore Let. to Gay (1735) 
I. 323 To wait for the next cold Day to throw her into a 
Diarrhoea. 1732 Arsutunot Kudes of Diet A cholera 
Morbus, or incurable Diarrhoeas. 1800 Med. Frni.1V. 60 
These medicines caused diarrhoea. 181z A. ‘I. THomson 
Lond. Disp. (1818) 240 Celebrated in Ireland as a remedy 
in diarrhoea. 1866 A. Fut Princ. Med. (1880) 525 The 
term diarrhea is used to d morbid freq of in- 
testinal dejections which are, also, liquid or morbidly soft, 


and often otherwise altered in character. 


| an area increases the tendency to di 


28 AcdWaAua then means probably a musical interlude, per- | 


haps of a forte character.) 

|| Diapye’sis. Path. [mod.L., a. Gr. &arinas, 
f, damveiy to suppurate.] Suppuration. 
Diapye'tic a. and sb., Diapye'tical a. 

1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 699 Both of them [greater 
and lesser Basilicum] are Diapyetical. 1706 Puitwies (ed. 
Kersey), Diapyeticks, Medicines that cause Swellings to 
suppurate or run with Matter, or that ripen and break 
Sores. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diapyesis. 

Diaquilon, obs. form of D1acHYLon. 

Diarch (dai‘aik), a. Bot. [f. Gr. &- twice + dpyh 
beginning, origin.] Proceeding from two distinct 
points of origin: said of the primary xylem (or 
wood) of the root. 

1884 Bower & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. 362 Its xylem is 
in the great majority of cases ..diametrally diarch. /did. 
363 Triarch and tetrarch bundles sometimes occur in thick 
roots of species, which are usually diarch. Hitiuouse 
+. ferns are 
generally diarch. 

Diarchy (dairaski). [f. Gr. &- twice + -apxia 
rule: cf. povapxia rule of one; f. cpxés chief.] 
A government by two rulers. 

1835 ‘T'Hirtwatt Greece I, viii. 318 A diarchy, though less 
usual than a monarchy, was not a very rare form of govern- 
ment. 

Diaria, obs. form of DiaRRHa@A. 

Diarial (daiérial),@. [f.L. didrt-em Diary sd. 
+ Peep! | Of, pertaining to, of the nature of, a diary. 

1845 W. L. ALExanver fem. ¥, Watson Pref. 6 A series 
of detached notes and diarial jottings. 1885 G, Merepitu 
Diana \.i. 2 The diarial record, 1888 A. G. Drarer in 
Amer, Ann. Deaf Apr. 124 Letters and diarial extracts, 

(daiéeriin), a. and sd. [f. as prec. + 


Hence’ 


-AN.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to a diary or | 


journal; + —— obs.). 

1774 (title) Diarian Repository or Math I Re- 
gister, containing a complete collection of all the Mathe- 
matical Questions, published in the Ladies’ Diary, from 
1704 to 1760, 1785 Cranse Newspaper Wks. 1834 II. 137 

arian sages greet their brother sage. 1794 Wo.corr 
(P. Pindar) Row?. for Oliver Wks. 11. 392 His strength in 
fields diarian dares he try? 

B. sb, The author or writer of a diary ; + a jour- 
nalist. rare. 

1800 Morn. Her. in Spirit Publ. Frnis, (801) IV. 148 
A Diarian [an article is so signed]. 

Di-ar nonce-wa. [f. Diary sb. + -NESS.] 
The quality characteristic of a diary. 

1891 Murray's Mag. Sept. 464 The ‘di 


jariness’ of his 


| writing makes us regret that .. he should have sought 


1844 J. W. Gisas Philo?, Studies (1857) 215 Aforia, .called publication. 


Diarist (doi-rist). [f. Diary sé. +-187.] One 
who keeps a diary; the author of a diary. 

1818 in Topp. 1826 Scorr Rev. Pepys’ Mem. (1849) 307 
The characters of the two diarists were essentially different. 
1854 LoweLL Jrud. in [taly Prose Wks. 1890 i tat The 
English language. .can show but one sincere diarist, Pepys. 


attrib, 


1890 B. A. WuireLecce Hygiene & Public Health 
xii, The diarrhoea death-rate .. Densit 


of buildings upon 
mortality. 

2. transf. An excessive flow (of words, etc.). 

1698 F. B. Modest Censure 15 This sort of Medicaments 
hath cured his Pen of the Diarrhea. a1797 H. Watroce 
Mem. Geo. I11, (1845) 11. ii. 47 He.. was troubled with a 
diarrhcea of words. 1883 Contemp. Rev. Dec. 937 We al- 
lude .. to the diarrhoea of emendations, 

Diarrheal doi al\, a. 
Of or pertaining to diarrhoea. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. » 248 The diarrheall porraceous 
flux. 1871 Daily News 16 Aug., Diarrhoeal infection. ea 
E, A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene xviii. (ed. §) 479 H 
and dysenteric evacuations, 1890 B. A, 
giene xii. 303 High mugaeers of the air has | been 
observed to be associated with high diarrhceal ity. 

Diarrhoic (daiir7 ik), a. [f as prec. + -10.] 
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of diarrhoea. 

1876 W% 's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 86. 1894 Daily News 
25 July 5/4 It is in diarrheic plaints that the 
was most marked. i 

Diarrheetic, -rhetic (daidre'tik, -r7tik), a. [f. 
DrArrna@a, in loose imitation of Gr. verbal adjec- 
tives in -7ixés. (The actual verbal adj. from 
diappé-ew is didpput-os, which would have given 
diarrhytic.] = DIARRHGIC. 

Also confused with diuretic. . 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Diarrhoetick, that hath a Lask or 
loosness in the belly without inflammation. @ 1738 ArsuTu- 
nor (J.), Millet is diarrhetick, cleansing, useful in 
diseases of the kidneys. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diarrhetic, 
Diarrhatic, same as Diarrhaic. 

Diarthrodial (doijarprowdial), a. Anat. [f. 
Di- pref.3 (Gr, d:a-) + ARTHRODIAL.] Pertaining 
to or characterized by diarthrosis. 

* Diarthrodial cartilages: the cartilages which cover the 
joint-ends of bones’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. x The 


[f. prec. + -aL.] 


HITELEGGE //y- 


. 1876 wane Ales na. (ee) 13a Cer. 
Diarthrosis (deijarprosis). Anat, [f. Di- 
pref (Gr. ba-) + pOpwos ARTHROSIS, articula- 


tion.] The general term for all forms of articula- 
tion which admit of the motion of one bone upon 


another; free arthrosis. 

1578 Banister //ist. Man 3b, Not vnder the kynde of 
Diarthrosis, but Synarthrosis : for samach 20 the sioapegiof 
these bones is most obscure. 1634 T. Jounson Parey's 
Chirurg. xvi. xxxv. (1678) 365 The wrist .. Faery dhs 
composure of eight bones knit to the whole cubit by - 
throsis. 1658 Sir ‘T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 59 The Diar- 
throsis or motive Articulation. 1830 R. Knox Béclara’s 
Anat, 283 The rotatory diarthrosis .. is that which allows 
only motions of rotation, 1842 E. Witson Anat, Vade M. 
(ed. 2) 92 Diarthrosis is the bl iculation which con- 
stitutes by far the greater number of the joints of the body. 

(doirari), sd. [ad. L. déari-um daily 
allowance, also (later) a journal, diary, f. die-s — 
in form, a subst. use of the neuter of didrius be 
(see next), which, however, is not recorded 
ancient L. See -aRIuM, -ARY! B, 2.] 


er the war. 1891 Murray's - 


SS ee 


eh gee wo ee ee 


DIARY. 


1. A daily record of events or transactions, a 
journal ; specifically, a daily record of matters af- 
fecting the writer personally, or which come under 
his personal observation. 

158r Ws. FLeerwoop in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. II. 288 
Thus most humbly I send unto yor good Lo, this last weeks 
Diarye. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 11. ii. § 11. 14 It is .. an 
vse well received in enterprises memorable..to keepe 
Dyaries of that which passeth continually. 1642 Amsw. to 
Printed Bk. 14 A diary .. of the Parliament held 1 Hen. 4. 
1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. Introd. (1674) 17/2 A Diary or 
Journal, as the name imports, containing the Actions of 
each day. “7 Piotr Oxfordsh, 228 Diaries of wind and 
weather, and of the various qualifications of the air. 1684 
Peter (t/t/e), A Relation or Diary of the Siege of Vienna, 
1765 T. Hutcuinson Hist. Mass. I. ii. 213 Goffe kept a 
journal or diary. 1791-1823 D’Israeui Cur. Lit., Diaries, 

e converse with the absent by letters, and with our- 
selves by diaries, 1803 Med. Fru. X. 305 As I kept no 
diary during the prevalence of the influenza, I send what 
I can recollect. 1889 Jessorr Coming of Friars iii. 130 In 
the thirteenth century men never kept diaries or journals .. 
but monasteries did. J/od. The entries of a private diary. 

attrib. 1891 Pall Mail G. 25 Apr. 2/3 ‘The plaintiff gave 
peculiar diary accounts of about fifty meetings with the 
defendant. . ‘ 

2. A book prepared for keeping a daily record, 
or having spaces with printed dates for daily 
memoranda and jottings; also, applied to calen- 
dars containing daily memoranda on matters of 
importance to people generally, or to members of 
a particular profession, occupation, or pursuit. 

A diary in this sense may vary in size from a folio volume, 
large enough to hold a detailed daily record in sense 1, to 
a small pocket-book with daily spaces only for the briefest 
notes, or merely with printed memoranda for daily reference. 

1605 B. Jonson Volpone iv. i, This is my diary, Wherin 
I note my actions of the day. 1642 Howe.t sor. Trav. 
(Arb.) 20 He must alwayes have a Diary about him .. to set 
down what. .his Eyes meetes with most remarquable. 1662 
J. Newron (¢t/e), A Perpetual Diary; or, Almanac. 1800 
W. Rosson (¢it/e), The Persian Diary; or, Reflection’s 
Oriental Gift of Daily Counsel. 1879 Print. Trades Fraud. 
xxvii. 7 The left hand pages form a perpetual poetical 
diary. Jbid. xxix. 6 The diary before us. .is a stout quarto, 
1883 Whitaker's Alm. 456 The English Citizen's Diary .. 
showing the days when certain Official Duties are to be 
performed; also the days when Inland Revenue Licences 
expire and must be renewed. 

+3. Short for diary fever: see Dtary a. 1. Obs. 

1639 Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. xxiv. § 310 A diary 
is of one daies continuance, and runs not beyond that time. 
1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 164 The disease at the 
first taking in hand was but a plain Diary. 1684 tr. Bonet’s 
Mere. Compit. v1. 155 Hippocrates. .thought that all Fevers, 
Diaries excepted, have their rise from choler. 

Diary (deiari), a. [ad. med.L. didri-us daily, 
f. dies day: cf. F. diazre (‘fievre ephemere ou 
diaire’)}. 16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.] 

1. Lasting for one day ; ephemeral. 

1610 Barroucu Meth. Physick ww. ii. (1639) 218 All Diarie 
feavers be ingendred of an outward Cause. 1611 W. ScLATER 
Key (1629) 188 Those épijepor, diary dewy Christians, whose 
goodnesse is dissipate as soone as euer the Sunne beholds 
it. 1658 RowLtanp Mou/fet’s Theat. Ins. 948 These diary 
creatures break forth out of certain husks of putrefied grapes. 
1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 660 A Diary Period ..may be 
hence expected. 1707 Frover Physic. Pulse-Watch 122 
Obstructions produce a diary Fever if small, but if great a 
continent Fever. 1834 J. M. Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) 1. 596 
‘There are few persons who have not felt this species of diary 
fever at times, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diary-fever, a fever 
lasting one day; also called Ephemera. 

+2. Daily. Obs. 

1892 UnTtoN Cor. (Roxb.) 322, I doe kepe a diary memo- 
reall of all the places of our marchinge and incampinge. 
1603 Sir C, Hevpon Fudd. Astro. v. 147 Almanack-writers 
foretelling the diarie state of the weather. 1623 Cockeram, 
Diarie, daily. 

Diasceuast, var. of DIASKEUAST. 

|| Diaschisma (doiaski-zma). AZus. Also in 8 
in anglicized form diaschism. [a. Gr. didoxiopa, 
f. &acyxil-ev to cleave asunder, split.] 

a. In ancient Greek music, a small interval equal 
to about half a Diesis, b. In modern music, an 
interval equal to the difference of the common 
comma (80:81) and the enharmonic diesis (125 : 
128), or to 10 schismas, 

1753, CHAMBERS Cyc. we s.v., The octave contains 61 
Diaschisms nearly. 1880 Starner & Barretr Dict. Aus. 
Terms, Diaschisma (Gk.), an approximate half of a limma. 

+ Diascord, Parm. Obs. Usually in L. form 
diasco'rdium. [medical L. diascordium (also 
mod.F.), for diascordién, from Gr. 5a oxopdiov 
(a preparation) of oxdpd.0v scordium, a strong- 
smelling plant mentioned by Dioscorides, ‘ perhaps 
water-germander Zeucrium Scordium’ : see D1A-*.] 
A medicine made of the dried leaves of Zeucriune 
Scordium, and many other herbs. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. x. § 8 (1873) 140 Except it be 
treacle .. diascordium .. anda few more. 1654 WuITLocK 
Zootomia 121 What think you Sir of your what-sha’ come 
Water and Diascord, sure it could not be amisse. 1797 J. 
Downinc Disorders Horned Cattle 50 The diascordium 
has its share in accomplishing the cure. 1820 Scorr Abbot 
xxvi, With their sirups, and their julaps, and diascordium, 
and mithridate, and my Lady What-shali-call’um’s powder. 

+ Diasenna. Pharm. Obs. Also 6-7 diasene. 
[medical L., f. Dra- 2+ Senna. Alsoa. F. déaséne, 
diasenne (Paré, 16th c.).] A purgative electuary of 

Vor, II. 


| 


821 


which senna formed the base; the confection of 
senna. 

1562 ‘Turner Baths 10 Let the patient be purged with 
electuarye lenitiuo or diasene. 1621 Burton Anat, Mel. 1. 
v. 1. iv. (1651) 388 Polypody, Sene, Diasene, Hamech, 
Cassia. 1657 Physical Dict., Diasena, a purging electuary, 
good against quartan agues. 

Diaskeuast (doiaskiz&st), Also diasceuast, 
-scevast. [ad. Gr. daoxevaoris reviser of a poem, 
interpolator, f. duacxevd ev, f. dd through + oxeva- 
¢ev to make ready.] A reviser; used es. in refer- 
ence to old recensions of Greek writings. 

1822 Campbett in New Monthly Mag. IV. 195 They gave 
the world materials which were capable of being moulded 
by future diascevasts into grand and interesting poems. 
1871 tr. Lange's Comm. Fer. 244 Vhe oversight of a dia- 
skeuast whoradded this verse of the prophecy against Elam 
as a postscript. 1886 A/henxum 30 Jan. 162/3 He has 
taken upon himself..the part of a diasceuast, stringing 
together a number of ‘ older lays’. : a 

So || Diaskeu‘asis [| Gr. d:acxevaors |, revision (of 
a literary work), recension. 

1886 Ecceiine in Enxcycl. Brit. XXI1. 281 The authorship 
of this work [Mahab s aptly attributed to Vydsa, 
‘the arranger’, the perso ation of Indian diaskeuasis. 

+ Bia'sper. Oés. Also 6-7 diasprie. [ad.med. 
L. diasprum, It., Sp., Pg. déaspro jasper.] = JAspEr. 

1582 Hester Seer. Phioray. 1. xv. 78 The other stone was 
of Diasper, but bright and through shinyng with certaine 
white vaines. 1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 53b, Not of 
Marble, but of rare and hard Diasper of the East. 1638 
Sir T. Hersert 7xav. (ed. 2) 108 Agats, Cornelians, Dia- 
spries, Calcedons. . 

\| reise aren (daijespora), [a. Gr. Staomopa dis- 
persion, f. daoneip-ev to disperse, f. &a through 
+ omeipe to sow, scatter.] 

The Dispersion ; i.e. (among the Hellenistic Tews) 
the whole body of Jews living dispersed among the 
Gentiles after the Captivity (John vii. 35) ; (among 
the early Jewish Christians) the body of Jewish 
Christians outside of Palestine (Jas. i. 1, 1 Pet. i. 1). 
Hence ¢vavs/f.: see quots. 

(Originating in Deut. xxviii. 25 (Septuagint), €op Siaamopa 
évy magas BagiAelats THs y7s, thou shalt be a diaspora (or 
dispersion) in all kingdoms of the earth.) 

1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. fond. 153 [The Mora 
body’s] extensive déaspora work (as it is termed) of evangeliz- 
ing among the National Protestant Churches on the con- 
tinent. 1881 tr. Wed/hansen in Encycl. Brit. X11. 420/1 
s. v. [svael, As a consequence of the revolutionary changes 
which had taken place in the conditions of the whole East, 
the Jewish dispersion (diaspora) began vigorously to spread. 
1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 760s. v. Philo, The development 
of Judaism in the diaspora differed in important points from 
that in Palestine. 1889 Adin. Rev. No. 345. 66 ‘The mental 
horizon of the Jews of the Diaspora was being enlarged. 

Diaspore (doaiaspoe1). Afn. [mod. f. Gr. 
&acropa scattering, dispersion: see prec. So called 
by Haiiy, 1801, from its strong decrepitation when 
heated.] Native hydrate of aluminium, an ortho- 
rhombic, massive, or sometimes stalactitic mineral, 
varying in colour from white to violet, commonly 
associated with corundum in crystalline rocks. 

1805 Davy in Phil, Trans. XCV. 161 The diaspore .. is 
supposed to be a compound of alumine and water, 1873 
Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 371 The monohydrate is found 
native, as diaspore. ; 

porometer (doijx:sporym/ta1). [mod. f. 
Gr. d:acropa dispersion (see above) + -(0)METER.] 
An instrument for measuring the dispersion of rays 
of light. 

1807 T. Youn Lect, Nat. Phil. 11. 282 His [Rochon’s] 
diasporometer is a compound prism. 

asprie, var, DIASPER, Ods., jasper. 

Diastaltic (doiasteltik), a. [f. Gr. dacrad- 
tubs serving to distinguish, in Music ‘able to 
expand or exalt the mind’, f. dacréAAev to sepa- 
rate, put asunder, f. idapart + or€AAeuv to set, place, 
dispatch, send. Cf. F. dastaltigue.] 

1, In ancient Greek music: a. Dilated, extended: 
applied to certain intervals. b. Applied to astyle 
of melody fitted to expand or exalt the mind. 

1774 Burney Hist, Mus, (1789) I. v. 61 Melopecia was 
divided into three kinds ..the second, Diastaltic or that 
which was capable of Senet. g 

2. Phys.‘ A term applied by Marshall Hall to 
the actions termed reflex, inasmuch as they take 
place through the spinal cord’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Diastaltic nervous system, term for the spinal nervous 
system. 

(Diastaltic appears to be here taken as = /ransmeissive.] 

1852 M. Hatt (¢ét/e), Synopsis of the Diastaltic Nervous 
System. 1855 Garrop JZat. Med. (ed. 6) 238 A reduction 
and final abolition of the diastaltic function of the spinal 
cord. 1879 Cornh. Mag. June 700 Is there anything in 
your essay about our diastaltic nerves? 

Diastase (doi-astéis). Chem. [a.mod.F. diastase, 
ad. Gr. d:doracts separation: see next. 

1833 Paven ET Persoz Ann. Chim. et Phys. LILI. 76 
Cette singuliére propriété de séparation nous a determinés & 


DIASTIMETER. 


ee tay obtained asa white amorphous substance, of unknown 
analysis (Watts Dict, Chem). It is found throughout the 
vegetable kingdom, in the infusoria, and in various secre- 
tions, etc., in the higher animals (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

| 1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodics 666 Diastase..is a 
name given by MM. Payen and Persoz, to a substance 
which they extracted from malted barley. 1846 J. Baxrer 

Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 19 During the germination, 

some of the elements .. in the grain form a fresh compound, 

which acts as a ferment. ‘This compound is called .. dia- 
stase, the effect of which is .. to turn all the starch .. first, 
into gum, and then into sugar, 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem, 

II. 319 Neither potatoes nor cereals contain diastase before 

germination. 1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1045 An extremely active 

poison, delicate, resembling the diastases or venoms. 

Hence Diasta'sic, a. = Di, a 

1886 W. Jaco Chem. Wheat 128 The bacteria cause more 
or less change in albuminoids, but exert no diastasic action. 

|| Diastasis (doiestasis). ath. [mod.L., 

a. Gr. SidoTaos separation, f. ba apart + ordous 

placing, setting, f. root ora- stand.) Separation 

of bones without fracture, slight dislocation ; also, 
separation of the fractured ends of a bone. 

1741 Monro Anat, Bones (ed. 3) 39 A Diastasis, or other 
violent Separation of such disjoined Pieces of a Bone. 1883 
in Syed. : Cems 

Diastatic (doidste tik), a. [ad. Gr. dkactarinds 
separative, f. ia apart + orarieds causing to stand, 
f. root ora- stand.) Pertaining to or of the nature 
of diastase, ; 

1881 ATKINSON in Vature No. 622.510 The opinion that the 
diastatic property is connected with the degree of solubility 
of the albuminoid matter, 1883 4 theneuim 10 Nov. 606/3 
Lacquer contains..a peculiar diastatic body containing 
nitrogen. 

Hence Diasta‘tically a/v., after the manner of 
diastase. 

1882 tr. Zausing’s Beer 291 (Cent. Dict.) The diastatically 
acting albuminous substances. 

+ Diasta‘tical, a. Obs. rare [f. as prec. + 
-AL.] Characterized by transplantation. 

1656 S. Bouton (/7tle), Medicina Magica, tamen Physica: 
Magical, but Natural Physick ; or, a Methodical ‘Tractate 
of Diastatical Physick ; containing the general Cures of all 
Infirmities, by way of ‘Transplantation, 

Diastatite (doije'statait). A/7v. [mod. f. Gr. 
bidorat-.s divided, separated + -1rE.] A black 
variety of Hornblende, so called (by Breithaupt 
1832) as differing in the form of its crystals, 

1850 Dana A/in, 273. 

Diastem (doiastem). fad. Gr. &aotnpa: sce 
next. Cf. F. déasfome (1732 Trévoux .] In ancient 
Greek music, an interval; esf. an interval forming 
a single degree of the scale. 

1694 Hotprr /7eat. Harmony vi. 110 Diastent signifies 
an Interval or Space; Syste, a Conjunction or Composi- 
tion of Intervals. So that, generally speaking, an Octave, 
or any other System, might be truly call’d a Diastem. ."Tho' 
.. Strictly, by a Diastem they understood only an Incom- 
posit Degree. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Diastem, Diastema, 
in music, a name the antients gave to a simple interval; in 
contradistinction to a compound interval, which they called 
a system, 5 

|| Diastema (doiast7“ma’. 11. diastemata. [L. 
diastéma, a. Gr. bidotnpa space between, interyal.] 

1. Mus. =prec. 

1398 ‘Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xix, exxxi. (1495) 941 Dya- 
stema is couenable space of two voyces other of moo accord- 
ynge. 1727-51 [sce prec. ]}. 

. Zool. and Anat. An interval or space between 
two consecutive teeth, or two kinds of teeth, occur- 
ring in most mammals except man. 

1854 OweEN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Organ. Nat. I. 235 A long 
diastema is not .. peculiar to the horse. /did. 298 In all 
the apes and monkeys of the Old World. .the same number 
and kinds of teeth are present as in man; the first deviation 
being the disproportionate size of the canines and the con- 
comitant break or ‘diastema’ in the dental series for the 
reception of their crowns when the mouth is shut. 1871 
Darwin Desc. Man I. xix. 324 Canine teeth which project 

*above the others, with traces of a diastema or open space 
for the reception of the opposite canines. 

Diastematic (doi:ist¢metik), a rare. ? Obs. 

| [ad. Gr. b:aornpatix-ds separated by intervals : see 
prec. and -1¢.] Characterized by intervals. 

1798 Horstey in Monthly Rev. XXVI1. 288 Ask Aristox- 
enus [etc.] in what the difference consists between speaking 
and singing; they tell you..‘ That the one is a continuous 
motion; the other diastematic. ‘That the continuous is the 
motion of the voice in discourse; the diastematic, in singing’. 

Diaster (daij'sta:). Bzo/. Also dy-. [mod. 
f. Gr. &-, Di-2 twice + dornp star.] The double 
star of chromatin filaments which forms the pen- 
ultimate stage in the division of a single cell- 
nucleus into two. : 

1882 J. T. Cunnincuam in Yrnd. Microsc. Soc. Jan. 43 
The threads travel towards the poles, forming a dyaster 
(note, This term I take from Klein in his A tas of Histology, 
1880), 1885 E. R. Lanxester in Fucycl. Brit. X1X. 833 
A polar star is seen at each end of the nucleus-spindle, and 
is not to be confused with the diaster. 

Hence Dia‘stral a. 

1894 Atheneum 24 Nov. 719/3 As to the spindle fibres .. 


1 


donner & la substance qui la posséde le nom de diastase qui 
exprime précisément ce fait.] 

A nitrogenous ferment formed in a seed or bud 
(e.g. in barley and potatoes) during germination, 
and having the property of converting starch into 


sugar, 


during the diastral stage of the division they [etc.]. 
Diasti'meter. [irreg. f. Gr. dao7aots interval, 
distance + -METER.] An instrument for measuring 
distances. 2 
1851 Official Catal. Exhib. 111. 1115 Improved diastimeter 
for the use of the army. 4i* 


DIASTOLE. 


| Diastole ay Act [med.L., a. nga 
a asunder, separation, ¢: sion, dilatation, 
f. saan, pen f. 6a asunder ‘Dea: 1) +aTéd\Aav to 
, place, send, etc. Cf. F. diastole (14th c. in 


atz.-Darm.).] 

1. Pays. dilatation or relaxation of the heart 
or an artery (or other pulsating organ in some 
lower animals), rhythmically alternating with the 
systole or contraction, the two together constituting 
the pulse. (Formerly sometimes applied also to 
the dilatation of the lungs in inspiration.) 

1578 Banister Hist. Man vu. 93 Diastole [is] when the 
hart in his dilatation receiueth in of spirit. 1615 Danret 

m's Arcadia Poet. Wks. (1717) 187 The Systole and 
cone of your Pulse Do shew your Passions most hys- 
terical. 1660 Bovis Vew Exp. Phys. Mech, Digress. 350 
The Systole and Diastole of the Heart and Lungs, being 
very far from Synchronical. a1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. 
Wks. 1721 III. 79 His Heart a sudden gentle opning feels; 
It seem’d no more by Systole compress’d, But in a fix 
Diastole at rest. 1835 Kirsy Had. & Inst. Anim. 1. v. 174 
Nutrition seems carried on by a kind of systole and diastole, 
the sea water being alternately absorbed and rejected by 
the tubes composing the substance of the sponge. 1880 
Hox.ey Cray/ish ii. 74 When the systole is over the diastole 
follows. 

Jig. 1831 Cariyte Sart. Res. u. iii, As in longdrawn 
Systole and a aeoat Diastole, must the period of Faith 
alternate with the period of Denial. 1849 De Quincey Eng. 
Mail-coach Wks. 1862 IV. 298 The great respirations, ebb 
and flood, systole and diastole, of the national intercourse. 
3872 Geo. Erior Middlem. \xiii, There must be a systole 
and diastole in all inquiry. 

2. Gr. and Lat. Prosody. The lengthening of a 
syllable naturally short. 

1580 Spenser 70 Master G. H. Wks. (Globe) App. ii. 709/r 
Heaven being used shorte as one sillable, when it is in verse 
stretched out with a Diastole, is like a lame dogge that 
holdes up one legge. 1657 J. Smitn Myst. Rhet.177. 1 

. Harris Lex. Technu., Diastole .. Tis also the making 
jong a Syllable which is naturally short. 

3. Gr. Gram. A mark (originally semicircular) 
used to indicate separation of words ; still occasion- 
ally used, in the form of a comma, to distinguish 
i,m, 8,7, neut. of Saris, Sore, from St (that), Gre 

when). 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. 1833 E. Rosinson tr. Butt- 
man's Grk. Gram. 45 From the comma must be distin- 
guished the Diastole or Hypodiastole—which serves more 
clearly to separate some short words connected with en- 
clitics, in order that they may not be confounded with other 
similar words. 

Diastolic (daiastg lik), a. Phys. and Med. [f. 
prec. +-Ic.] Of or pertaining to diastole. 

a 1693 Urqunart Raédelais ui. iv, By its [the heart's) 
agitation of Diastolick and Systolick motions. 186% T. 
Granam Pract. Med. 365 A second or diastolic sound, syn- 
chronous with the diastole of the heart. 1877 Hux.ey 
Anat. Inv. Anim. ii. 77 This systolic and diastolic move- 
ment usually occurs at a fixed point in the protoplasm. 

Diastral: see DiasTer. 

Diastrophism (doai;x'strofizm). Geol. [f. Gr. 
&acrpopy distortion, dislocation, ddaTpopos 
twisted, distorted, f. dacrpépew to turn different 
ways, twist about, f. 84 (Dra-1) + orpépew to 
turn: see -IsM, and cf. catastrophism.] 

A general term for the action of the forces which 
have disturbed and dislocated the earth’s crust, 
and produced the greater inequalities of its surface. 
Hence Diastrophic (daiistrg'fik), of or pertaining 
to diastrophism. (Also, otherwise employed in 
quot. 1881.) 

3881 J. Mitne in Nature XXV. 126 Other [earthquake 
shocks] again are compounded of direct and transverse 
ae and might therefore be called diastrophic. 1890 
G. K. Gisert Lake Bonneville i. 3 note (Funk) It is con- 
venient also to divide diastrophism into orogeny. .and epei- 
rogeny. 1895 J. W. Powerit Physiogr. Processes, in Nat. 
Geogr. era gi I. 1. 23 Regions sink and regions rise and 
the upheaval and subsidence may be called diastrophism, 
and we have diastrophic processes. 
le (dai-astail), a. and sb. Arch. Also 
6-8 in L. and Gr. form diastylos. [mod. ad. L. 
diastylos, Gr. didarddos ‘having a space between 
the columns’; also ad. Gr. dacr’Acov the inter- 
columnar space; f. 54 through + o7dAos pillar.] 

A. adj. Of a colonnade or building ; Having the 
intervals between the columns of three (or 
four) diameters (in the Doric order, of 23). B. sé. 
Such a colonnade or building, or such an interval 
between columns. 
whose .. distaunce 

ers Or .4. at y* 


| of a fourth. 


322 


pera dicule, f. — ~ —_ 

, Tidicule, thr » apart + 

to drag.] A figure of rhetoric expressing dis- 
ent or ridicule. 


Panu fasyrmus (Grk.), a figure in Rhetorick, i 
we vais any ae or thing esha destin. 


1757 W. Dopp Beauties Shaks. 1. 97 (Jod.) We have a 
beautiful in Richard the Third (act 1, sc. i) on this 
topick in that fine diasyrm he speaks on himself. 


Diat(e, obs. form of Dier. 

+ Diata‘ctic, 2. Oés. [ad. Gr. diararinds 
distinguishing, distinctive, f. dardocew to dispose 
severally, appoint, ordain, f. 54 apart + tdocer to 
set in order.] Of or pertaining to order or arrange- 
ment, sfec, as exercised by the Church ; ordaining. 
Also + Diata‘ctical a. in same sense. 


S. Botton Arraignm. Err. 284 The Diatactick 
/bid., The severall branches laid down by Holy and 


wer, 
| Pete men, viz. Dogmaticall, Diatacticall and Critical. 
| The first hath relation to Doctrine; the second to Order; 


the third to Censure. T. Forrester in Wodrow Hist. 
Suff. Ch. Scot. (1829) 11. 11. ix. 253 All power or jurisdiction 
in its assemblies either diatactic, critic, or dogmatic. 1688 
Renwick Serm., efc.(1776) 538 The diatactick power, whereby 
the courts of Christ are to discern the circumstances of the 


| worship of God as to time, place, etc. 


|| Diatessaron (daiate’sirgn). Also 5-6 dya-, 
5-7 diatesseron, 6 diathesaron. [a. OF. diates- 
saron (Godfr.), a. L. diatessaron, Gr. ia reacapov 


| through or composed of four.] 


+1. In Greek and medizval music: The interval 
(Cf. Diapason, DIAPENTE.) Ods, 

1398 [see Diapason 1]. 1413 Piler. Sowle (Caxton) v. i. 
(1859) 72 Ofte amonges other, the lusty Dyatesseron felle in 
they songes. 1549 Comfl. Scot. vi. 37 Mony smal birdis.. 
singand ..in accordis of mesure of diapason prolations, tripla 
ande dyatesseron. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 107 The Confords 
in Musick.,the Fourth which they call Diatesseron. 1694 
Phil. Trans. XV111.70 A Diapente added to a Diatessaron 
makes a Diapason. 1857 Maurice A/or. & Met. Philos. U1. 
v. § 27. 183 The circle. .the diatessaron in music, and the 
like are certain stable forms. 

+2. In old Pharmacy, a medicine composed of 
four ingredients: see quot. 1883. Ods. [D1a- 2.] 

¢ 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 264 He shal holde in his moub 
tirlacum diatesseron. 1577 Frampton Yoyful News (1580) 
119 a (Stanf.) The triacle Diathesaron. 1698 Fryer Acc. 
£. India & P. 157 That enervating Liquor called Paunch.. 


DIATHERMOMETER. 


translation of Melloni’s paper in Taylor's S Memeoi: 
1837, I. 72, diathermancy bud Ghee 

nglish have used it in the sense of Mel- 
loni's diathermanéité, For these and other i 
Papal es 


“nega Se as ee es with 
most have inued to employ diath: dia- 
thermancy, the latter in the sense not of Melloni’s diather- 
mansie, but of his diathermané?té or dit asie.} 

+1. orig. ‘The property, possessed by radiant heat, 
of being composed of rays of different i- 
bilities, varying in rate or degree of transmission 
through diathermic substances ; THERMOCHROSY ; 
also called heat-colour. Obs. 

if Mettont in Ann. Chim. et Phys. LV. 


teinte calorifique.) transl. in Taylor's Scientific Mem. 
I. 61 The calorific 4 ; o 


| diathermanous ; perviousness to radiant heat; = 


from Five Ingredients ; as the Physicians name their Com- | 


position Diapente ; or from Four things, Diatesseron. 188: 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diatessaron, old name for a medicine 
gentian and Aristolochia rotunda roots, laurel berries, and 
myrrh, made into a confection with honey and extract of 
juniper; anciently used as alexipharmic. 

3. A harmony of the four Gospels. 

From the title of the earliest work of the kind, the 2nd 
century EvayyéAvov ba reoodpwr, ie. ‘gospel made up of 
four’, of Tatian. 

1803 T. THixtwatt (fit/e), Diatessaron ; or the History of 
our Lord Jesus. 1805 R. Warner (¢/t/e), The English Dia- 


| tessaron ; or the History of Christ, from the*compounded 


| Texts of the Four Evangelists. 


1831 Macautay £ss., Bos- 
qwell’s Fohnson (1854) 174/2 Who would lose, in the confusion 
of a Diatessaron, the peculiar charm which belongs to the 
narrative of the disciple whom Jesus loved? 1887 Dict. 
Chr. Biog. IV. s.v. Tatianus, Tatian’s Diatessaron found 


| acceptance in the West as well as in the East. 


Hence + Diatessa‘rial a. Ods., belonging to a 
diatessaron (sense 1). 
1501 Douctas Pal. Hon. 1. xli, Proportionis fine with sound 


| celestiall, Duplat, triplat, diatess 


Diathermacy. [ad. F. diathermasie (Mel- 
loni, 1841), ad. Gr. dk:aBeppaciaa i 
f. ba through + Gepyacia heat. This Eng. form, 
which would regularly have been diathermasy, is 
conformed to words in -acy.] The quality of being 
diathermic ; =DIATHERMANCY 2. : 

1867 W. A. Mitter Elem. Chem. 1. (ed. 4) 
superior to pure water in diathermacy. 1870 Marr. Wi- 
tiams Fuel of Sun § 113 Any degree of diathermacy per- 


mitting radiation to take .- across the flame, 1877 
Warts Dict. Chem, V. 61 [see Diatnermic). 
thermal (daiips-smil), a. Ofs. [f. Gr. 


+ Dia’ 
8:4 through (Dra- 1) + Toerman (Gr. @epy-ds warm, 
Oépy-n, Ocpp-dv heat): rendering F. diathermane ; 
see next.] =Dr1aTHERMIC, DIATHERMANOUS. 

1835 Farapay tr. Melloniin Z. & £. Phil. Mag. VII. 475 
(tite), On the Immediate transmission of Calorific Ra: 
through Diathermal Bodies. 


ys 
Diath (daiaps-amansi). Physics. a 
F. diathermansie, = by ——_ rate m 
Gr. 5a t h + 6éppavas heating, f. b«p, vto 
heat. The Preach ending follows the analogy of 


es dee for Gr. mapddvors. The Eng. ing 
simulates the -rcy of transparency, buoyancy. 


furdest. . Harris . Techn., Diastyle, is a sort of ~ 4 
edifice, what? illars tar ok sath § dente tae trom Melloni’s original erm was diathermandt, fom 
, that three Di of their thick are allow'd | thermane adj. (Ann, Chim, et Phys, 1833, LIL. 59, LV. 
for Intercolumniation. 1725 Henvey tr. Montfaucon's Antig, | Phil. Mag. 1835 VII. 476); the latter was, t re to him, 
/taly (ed. 2) 18 The ancient Colonnade .. is a Diastylos of | ‘f da+é » in imitation of diaphane, f. da+aivo 
sixteen fluted Columns, 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. $2605 The | t0 show.’ But the analogy was not exact: diaphane is not 
ancient names ., of the different intercolumniations .. are— | derived from did and only from the same root; and 
the Ayenostyle..the systple..the eustyle the diastyle..and | in eupnairw, aire does not belong to the root, but ita verbal 
acme i 1856 2 a it. Ins: — 358 —_ a Booms nat ben ahhonatien diate a 
b the columns is a di and a half of the column, ous. 10 oa ; 
systyle when it is two diameters .. diastyle when three. eciiare , Niue jeepers bor yom 5 a wn 
Tg ps, reed ge descnnas Rhet. [ad. Gr. d:acup- i? core = oe Sea eel y % 
pés, La } t, ridicule, 


appears not to have been generally appreciated ; in the Eng. 


[ MELton! in Ann. Chim, 
leurs introduites dans un milieu diap jours 
plus ou moins sa diathermanéité.) 1837 transl. in ‘Taylor's 
Scientific Mem. 1.72 The colours introduced into a dia- 
ph di always diminish its diat in a 
—— or less degree. 1843 A. Smee Sources Phys. Sc. 194 
The extent to which interposed bodies allow radiation is 
called the extent of diathermancy. Wuewe t //ist. 
Induct. Se. (ed. 3) 11. ‘Their power of transmitting heat, 
which has been called diathermancy. 1863 Tynpaut //eat 
ix. 296 Diathermancy bears the same relation to radiant heat 
that transparency does tolight. 1893 Brit. Med. ¥rni.1 Apr. 
684/1 Perhaps the diat y is the most striking feature 
of mountain climates, as it affords an explanation of the 
great solar temperatures which prevail during the day. .and 
of the great nocturnal radiation. 


et Phys. Ly. 396 Les cou- 


Taylor’s Scient. Mem. 69 Variations prod: 
thermaneity [diathermanéité) of white glass. 1854 J. Scor- 
FERN in Or’s Circ. Sc. Chem. 276 The transmissibility of 
heat (diathermaneity) of various laminew. 1877 Watts Dict. 


Chem. V. 61 [see DiatuErnic]. 

+Diathermanism. 0s. [a. F. diather- 
manisme (Larousse), f. diathermane.] = DIaTHER- 
MANCY, 

1858 Larpner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil. 372 (Title df section), 

Diathermanons (doiipsuminas), a. [f. F. 
diathermane (Melloni 1833) +-ous. For history of 
the Fr. word see DIATHERMANCY.] 

Having the property of freely transmitting radiant 
heat; pervious to heat-rays; = DiaTHERMIC, 
(Corresp. to transparent or diaphanous in relation 


| to light.) 


Scarcely — 


1834 E. Turner Elem. Chem. 107 Melloni has. introduced 
a distinct name diathermanous, to denote free i 


toheat. 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Cire, Se. ra pees 4 
have and non 1 it herw: 


oe Aiath: 


Larpner 
tae Beg mo ind to be 
Plates F 


Hand-bk, Hydrost., etc. 371 The a 
Certain 


diat! was rock 


+ Diathe'rmant, ¢. Ods. [f. DiarHermancy, 
after t rent, , etc.) =prec. 
1871 J. C. Warp Nat. Phil. 1 ock-salt..may be said 
io be trasparent to heat, or an it called dlatheraant,. 
Diathermic (daiipsumik), @. [ad. F. dia- 
thermique (f, Gr. da through + eon, Oe pp-dv 
heat: see -1C), substituted by Melloni for his 
earlier term diathermane: see DIATHERMANCY.] 
= DIATHERMANOUS, 


diath 

Chem. 
with a solution 
Se, I. 1, ii. 37 


most 
which ens 


thermometer. [f. Gr. dd through + 
Oepu-dv heat + mérpoy measure.] (See quot.) | 


DIATHERMOUS. 


1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diathermometer, an instrument de- 
signed to measure the thermal resistance of a body by regis- 
tering the amount of transmitted heat. 

the'rmous, 2. [f. Gr. 4 through + stem 
of Oeppds hot +-ous.] = DiarTHERMIC. 

1843 A. SMeE Sources Phys. Sc. 194 As a specimen of a 
diathermous body, air is a capital example. 1885 M*Grr 
in Amer, Frul. Sc. 3rd Ser. X XIX. 390 The solar accession 
of the east half of the assumed ice-stream will be freely dissi- 
pated through the diathermous forenoon atmosphere. 
Diathe'sic, a. rare. [f. Diarues-is + -1¢.] 
= DIATHETIC. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884 L. Bracner Aéx-les-bains 1. 
69 Their retrograde action on diathesic affections. 

|| Diathesis (doije"p/sis). Pl. diatheses (-7z). 

mod, L., a. Gr, 5d0ears disposition, state, condition, 
~ SrarWéva to arrange, dispose.] 

Med. A permanent (hereditary or acquired) con- 
dition of the body which renders it liable to certain 
special diseases or affections ; a constitutional pre- 
disposition or tendency. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diathesis, the 
affection or disposition. 1727-51 Cuambers Cycd., Diathesis, 
aterm used by some writers in the same sense with consti- 
tution. 1789 A. Crawrorp in A/ed. Commun. 11. 349 The 
.. barytes is.. calculated to correct the scrophulous diathesis. 
1879 Farrar St, Pau I. 490 The epileptic diathesis which 
was the qualification of the Pythonesses of Delphi. 1885 
F. Warner Phys. Expression xvi. 275 The tendencies in the 
development of a child or adult may be studied by determin- 
ben diathesis, as it is called. 


» fig. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 236 An exotick Diathesis of cor- 
ruption. 1861 Maine Awc. Lav ix. (1876) 340 Enormous 
influence on the intellectual diathesis of the modern world. 
1874 Bracke Sed/-Cult. Practically, there is no surer 
test of a man’s moral diathesis than the capacity of prayer. 
1877 F. Hart Eng. Ady. in -able 173 Helpless slaves of what 
a metaphysician might call the sequacious diathesis. 

Hence Dia:thesisa‘tion, ‘the rendering general 
or systemic of an originally local disease ; as the 
development into pyzmia of a simple abscess’. 
Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

Diathetic (doiapetik), a. [f. Draruesis, on 
Greek analogies: cf. antithesis, antithetic: see 
-THETIC.] Of, pertaining to, or arising from dia- 
thesis ; constitutional. 

1866 Frint Princ. Med. (1880) 92 Diseases .. involving a 
constitutional predisposition, or diathesis, are sometimes 
distinguished as diathetic diseases. 1880 J. Epmunps in 
Aled. Temp. Frnil. July 184 Diathetic conditions need. .ap- 
propriate medical treatment. : 

Hence Diathetically adv., ina diathetic manner, 
constitutionally. 

1883 I. C. Mann Psychol. Med. 346 They are related to 
each other nutritionally and diathetically. i 

Diatom (deiatgm). fad. mod.L. Diatoma, f. 
Gr. S:drop-os cut through, cut in half, f. daréuvew 
to cut through.] A member of the genus Dia/oma, 
or, in a wider sense, of the Diatomacex, an order of 
microscopic unicellular Algze, with silicified cell- 
walls, and the power of locomotion, on which ac- 
count they were formerly placed by many naturalists 
in the Animal kingdom. ‘They exist in immense 
numbers at the bottom of the sea, as well as in fresh 
water; and their siliceous remains form extensive 
fossil deposits in many localities. 

The genus Déatoma is distinguished by having the frus- 
tules, or individual cells, connected by their alternate angles 
so as to form a kind of zig-zag chain: hence the name. 

1845 Gray Ze?t. (1893) 332 Then the low, minute forms 
and Conferve come ., ending with diatoms, transitions to 
corallines through sponge, etc. 1853 W. Smirn British 
Diatomacee 25 During the healthy life of the Diatom the 
process of self-division is being continually repeated. 1858 
C. P. Smytu Astron. Exper. Teneriffe 6 The countless mil- 
lions of diatomes that go to make a feast for the medusz. 1862 
Dana Aan. Geol. § 74 Microscopic siliceous shields of the 
infusoria called diatoms, which are now regarded as plants. 
[1865 Gosse Land § Sea (1874) 158 The name Diatoma .. 
has reference to the readiness with which the strings or 
chains in which most of the forms are aggregated may be 
separated.] 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 260 The movements of 
Diatoms are not altogether dissimilar to those of Desmids, 
and even the silicification of the cell-wall..is found, though 
to a smaller extent, in Closterium and other Desmids. 

attrib, 1880 Carrenter in 19¢h Cent, No. 38. 605 Their 
exquisitely sculptured cases, accumulating on the bottom, 
form a siliceous ‘Diatom-ooze’, which takes the place in 
higher latitudes of the white calcareous mud resulting from 


the d gration of for iferal shells. 1893 A, H. S. 
Lanpor Hairy Ainu 74 Beds of lignite, coal of inferior 
quality, and diatom earth. _ 

tomaceous (doi:itgméi-fas), a. [f. mod.L. 


Diatomacexw (f. Diatoma) + -o08: see prec. and 
~ackous.] a. Of or pertaining to the order Déa- 
tomacew, containing the Diatoms and their allies. 
b. Geol. Consisting or formed of the fossil remains 
of diatoms, as in ctatomaceous earth, deposits, etc. 

ea J. D. Hooker in Brit. Assoc. Rept. 11. 83(Paser) On 
the Diatomaceous Vegetation of the Antarctic Ocean. 1853 
Kane Grinnell Exp. x\viii. (1856) 455 Filled with slimy 
diatomaceous life. 1878 Huxiey Physiogr. xvii. 292 In dia- 
tomaceous deposits the individual diatoms run into a sort of 
opal. 1883 Cassed/’s Fam. Mag. 507/1 The best diatomaceous 
earth is the ‘ Kieselguhr’ of Hanover, which serves for the 
preparation of dynamite, . 

So Diatoma‘cean, a member of the Diatomacew ; 
=next. In mod. Dicts. 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


823 


Diato‘mean. [f. mod.L. Diatome-w (f. Dia- 
toma) +-AN.] A diatomaceous plant, a diatom. 

1853 Henrrey Ray Society's Bot. & Physiol. Mem. 360 
Every Diatomean is formed by a siliceous shield and a soft 
substance therein contained. ; 

Diatomic (daiattp-mik), a~Chem. [f. Di- 2 twice 
+drop-os AroM+-1¢.] Consisting of, or having, 
two atoms; specifically applied to compounds 
containing two replaceable atoms of hydrogen ; 
sometimes used as = divalent. 

1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. xxxiv. heading, Diatomic acids, 
resulting from the oxidation of the glycols. /ééd. 417 It .. 
is monobasic but diatomic. 1869 Ang. Mech. 12 Nov. 198/3 
Elements .. classified as .. diatomic or bivalent, having two 
attractions, ulphur, 1880 CLemensuaw Warts’ Atom. 
Th. 119 note, The term diatomic molecules clearly and 
correctly expresses molecules formed of two atoms. 

Di:atomi‘ferous, «. [f. mod.L. Diatoma 
DriatoM + -FERous.] Producing: or yielding dia- 
toms. In mod. Dicts. 

Diatomin (deijetomin). [f. as prec. + -1N.] 
The yellowish-brown or buff-coloured pigment, 
which colours diatoms and the brown alge. 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 260 [In Diatoms] the green colour- 
ing matter is concealed, as in the chlorophyll-granules of 
the Fucacee, by a buff-coloured substance, Diatomin or 
Phycoxanthin, f 

Diatomist (doi,tomist’. 
One who studies diatoms. 

1881 Frul. Quekett Microsc. Club No. 46. 191, 1 should 
like the attention of Diatomists to be drawn. .towards the 
elucidation of the true sexual generation in these plants. 

Diatomite (daijetomoit). [fas prec. + -1rv.] 
Diatomaceous or infusorial earth. 

1887 Sci. Amer. 12 Mar. 161/1 The fossil meal, diatomite, 
or infusorial earth of the English. 

[f. Gr. 


[f. as prec. + -1sT.] 


Diatomous (doije'témas), a A/in. 
didrop-os cut through | see Diarom) + -ous.] ‘ Hay- 
ing crystals with one distinct diagonal cleavage’. 

1847 in Craic; and in later Dicts. 

Diatonic (daiaty nik), a [a. F. diatonigue 
(14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. déatonic-us, a. Gr. 
diarovixds, f. Sudrovos, f. ia through, at the interval 
of + révos tone.] 

1. The name of that genus or scale of ancient 
Greek music (the others being CHromaric and En- 
HARMONIC) in which the interval of a tone was 
used, the tetrachord being divided into two whole 
tones and a semitone (as in each half of the modern 
diatonic scale). 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 1252 Before his time, al 
Musicke was either Diatonique or Chromatique. 1694 
Hotver 7veat. Harm. (1731) 102 The Diatonick had two 
Colours; it was Molle and Syntonum. 1763 J. Brown 
Poetry & Mus. v. 64 In the ancient Diatonic Scale..one 
Semitone and two whole ‘Tones are ordained to succeed 
each other invariably. — ieee 

2. In modern music, denoting the scale which in 
any key proceeds by the notes proper to that key 
without chromatic alteration; hence, applied to 
melodies and harmonies constructed from such a 
scale. 

[1597 Mortey /utvod. Mus. Annot., Diatonicunt is that 
which is now in vse.] 1694 Hotprer 77eat. Harm. (1731) 
114 In Diatonic Music there is but one sort of Hemitone .. 
whose Ration is 16 to 15. 1726 Swirr /¢ cannot rain but 
i pours, He sings .. with equal facility in the chromatick, 
inharmonick, and diatonick stile. 1774 Burney Hist. Mus. 
(ed. 2) I. ii. 23 In modern music the Genera are but two: 
Diatonic and Chromatic. 1848 Rimpautt First Bh. Piano 
gt, Diatonic, the natural scale; ascending by notes, con- 
taining five tones and two,semitones. 1856 Comstock & 
Hostyn Nat. Philos. (ed. 6) 234 What is called the gamut, or 
diatonic scale. 1876 Macrarren Harmony (ed. 2) ii. 39 The 
word Diatonic,—rendered through the tones by etymologists 
—must have been intended to signify through the unin- 
Stetted notes. 1879 G. Merepitu Lgoist xxi. (1889) 198 
Crossjay’s voice ran up and down a diatonic scale. 

b. fg. Of a normal or natural sort; free from 
fancies or crotchets. 

1871 Contemp, Rev. XVI. 649 The healthy diatonic nature 
of Mr. Hutton’s chief preferences in literature. 

Hence +Diatonical a. Obs. =D1ATonic; Dia~ 

to'nically adv., in a diatonic manner. 
. 1597 Mortey Jntrod. Mus. Annot., This diuision is false 
in the diatonicall kind of mnsicke. 1727-5 CuamBers 
Cycl. s.v. Diapente, The diapente is a simple concord ; yet, if 
considered diatonically, it contains four terms. 1774 BURNEY 
Hist. Mus. 1. iv, 57 Taking. .two or more perfect chords of 
the same kind diatonically. 

Diatory, obs. form of Dizrary. 

Diatribe (doi-atraib), sd. Formerly also in L. 
form diatriba. [a. F. diatribe (15th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad. L. diatriba a learned discussion, a 
school, a. Gr. darpiBy a wearing away (of time), 
employment, study, and (in Plato) discourse, f. dca- 
TpiB-ev to rub through or away. ‘The senses in F. 
and Eng. exactly correspond.] 

1. A discourse, disquisition, critical dissertation. 
arch, 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Ausw. Osor. 246b, 1 heare the 
sounde of an Argument from the Popish Diatriba. 7643 
R. Baum Lett. §& Frauds. (1841) 11. 65 Some parergetic! 
Diatribes of that matter. 1672 J/ede’s IWks, Gen. Pref. A, 
That excellent Diatriba upon S. Marki. 15. 1683 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 1820/4 The constant Communicant; a Diatribe, 


DIAZOMA. 


proving that Constancy in receiving the Lords Supper is 
the indispensable Duty of every Christian, 1703 J. Quick 
Dec. Wife's Sister Lett., Possibly this poor Diatribe may 
contribute something thereunto. 1816 Kirpy & Sr. Extomo/. 
(1828) II. xxiv. 397, I shall conclude this diatribe upon the 
noises of insects. 1875 LowrLt Spenser Prose Wks. 18g0 
IV. 273 A diatribe on the subject of descriptive poetry. 

2. In modern use: A dissertation or discourse 
directed against some person or work ; a bitter and 
violent criticism ; an invective. 

1804 Scotr Let. Ellis in Lockhart /7/ xiii, One must 
always regret so very serious a consequence of a diatribe. 
1830 CunninGHaM Brit. Paint. II. 132 On the appearance 
of this bitter diatribe in 1797. 1850 Kincstry A/t. Locke 
xxviii, A rambling, bitter diatribe on the wrongs and suffer- 
ings of the labourers. 1854 ‘T'Hackeray Newcomes 11. 293 
Breaking out into fierce diatribes. 1877 Morey Carlyle 
Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. (1878) 201 The famous diatribe against 
Jesuitism in the Latter-Day Pamphlets. Ch 

Ilence Di‘atribe v. 2/7, to utter a diatribe; to 
inveigh bitterly. 

1893 -Va/ional Observer 6 May 630/1 Why diatribe against 
the tradesmen of Liskeard ? 

Di-atribist. [f prec. +-1s7.] One who writes 
or utters a diatribe ; + the writer of a critical dis- 
scrtation. 

a@1660 Hammonp IJ} ’4s. IT. 1v. 134 (R.) The same I desire 
may introduce my address to this diatribist. 1678 Cup- 
wortH Lxted?, Syst. 1. iv. 190 Against a modern Diatribist. 

Diatrion : see Dia-". 

|| Diatypo'sis, Avet. [L., a. Gr. darvmwors 
vivid description, f. 5:atumd-ev to form or represent 
perfectly.] (See quot.) 

1657 J. Smitu Adyst. Nhet. 251 Diatyfosis..A figure when 
a thing is so described by mere words, that it may seem to 
be set.. before our eyes. 1706 in Puittirs (ed. Kersey). 

Diaulic (daijo lik), a. [f. Gr. diavdos (see next’ 
+ -1c.] Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, 
the diaulos or double course. 

1837 WHEELWRIGHT tr. Aristophanes I. 225 Come they 
thus arm’d to the diaulic course. ; : 

|| Diaulos (deidlys). Gree. Antig. [Gr. biavdos 
double pipe, channel, or course, f. &- (Di-*) + 
avdcs pipe.] 

1, A double course, in which the racers turned 
round a goal and returned to the starting point. 

1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Diaulon, a kind of Race 
among the Ancients, two furlongs in length, at the end of 
which they return’d back along the same Course. a@a1859 
De Quincey Post. Iks. (1891) I. 165 Eight days for the 
diaudos of the journey. 1884 R. C. Jess in Encrcl. Brit. 
XVII. 766 (Olympia) Beside the foot-race in which the 
course was traversed once only, there were now the diaulos 
or double course and the long foot-race. 

2. An ancient Greek musical instrument; the 
double flute. 

Dia‘xial, «. rave. [f. Gr. &- (Di-*) twice 
+Ax1aL.] Having two (optic) axes ;= BIAXIAL. 

1843 J. Pereira Lect. Polarized Light 69 Another kind 
+. is called by mineralogists prismatic, or diaxial mica. 

| Diaxon (daijeksgn), a. Zool. [mod. f. Gr. 
&- (Di-*) + adgwy axis.) Of sponge spicules: 
Having two axes. 

1886 Von LENDENFELD in Proc. Zool. Soc. (1886) 560 When 
one of the rays of this tri-act spicule becomes rudimentary, 
Diaxonia can theoretically be produced. It is, however, 
advantageous to consider the diaxon spicules as part of the 
Triavonia. 

Diazeuctic (doiaziz-ktik), a. [ad. Gr. b:agevx- 
tuxds disjunctive, f. da¢evyvvvar to disjoin, f. da 
apart + Cevyviva: (stem (evy-) to join.] Disjunc- 
tive; applied, in ancient Greek Music, to the in- 
terval of a tone separating disjunct tetrachords ; 
also to the tetrachords (= Disyuncr). So || Dia- 
zeuxis [Gr. dia¢evges |, the separation of two tetra- 
chords by a tone. 

1698 Watuis in PAil. Trans, XX. 250 The Difference of 
which, is Za mi, Which is, what the Greeks call, the Déa- 
zeuctick Tone; which doth Dis-join two Fourths .. and, 
being added to either of them, doth make a Fifth. 1760 
Lbid. LI. 709 The position of the diazeuctic tone. 1874 
Cuarrett Hist. Music 1, 129 At the base of each Octave 
was a ‘diazeuctic’, or Major tone. 1880 Srainer & Barrery 
Dict. Mus. Terms, Diasenxis. 

Diazingiber, -zinziber: see D1a- *. 

Diazo- (daijze'zo). Chem. [f. Di-2 + Azo-.] A 
formative of the names of compounds derived from 
the aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain two 
atoms of nitrogen combined in a peculiar way with 
phenyl (C, H,), as dtazo-benzene, diazo-naphthaline, 
diazo-amido-benzene, etc. Also used attributively, 
as in diazo compounds, derivatives, reaction. 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 797 Whereby they were con- 
verted into diazotoluenes. 1878 Law Reports 29 Ch. Div. 
367 Naphthylamine is converted into its diazo compound by 
the action of nitrous acid. 1880 FrisweLy in Soc. Arts Fru. 
446 The diazobenzene formed at once attacks the free aniline 
salt. 1880 Athenzum 13 Nov. 645/2 Action of Diazonaph- 
thalin on Salicylic Acid. 1890 Lazcet 23 Aug. 413/1 The 
so-called diazo reaction of urine .. A bright or carmine red 
colouration denotes the diazo action, 

Hence Dia‘zotype. 

bsg Art Frul. Feb. 54 The Diazotype process, a method 
of pl otographic dyeing and printing. : 

|| Diazoma (daiazdwma). [L. diazdma space 
between the seats in a theatre, a. Gr. d:4(wye girdle, 
partition, or diaphragm, lobby in a theatre, f. da 

41*-2 


DIAZOSTER. 
through, over + (@pa that which is girded, f. (wv- 
viva to gird round.] 


1, In the ancient Greek theatre: A semicircular 

through the auditorium, parallel to its 

outer border, and cutting the radial flights of steps 
at right angles at a point about half way up. 

1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Diasoma, a Girdle or Waste- 
belt; also a broad Footstep on the Stairs of an Amphi- 
theater, 1820 T. S. Hucues 7'vav. Sicily 1. xi: 335 (Stanf.) 
It is of small dimensions, containing only one diazoma or 


corridor. 

+ 2. Anat, The diaphragm or midriff. Ods. 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Diazoma ..in Anatomy the 
same with the Diaphragm or Midriff. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Diazoma, an old name. .for the diaphragm. 

|| Diazo’ster. [a. Gr. d:afwornp the twelfth 
vertebra in the back, f. &é through, over + (warnp 
girdle, belt, f. (wvvdva to gird.] (See quots.) 

1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., Diazoster, a name of the twelfth 
vertebra of the back. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diazoster, old 
name for the twelfth vertebra of the spinal column ; because 
a belt girding the body is usually placed over it (Gorrzeus). 


Diazotize (daije'zetaiz), v. Chem. [f. Di-2+ 


AZOTE + -1ZE: cf. azotize.] trans. To convert | 


into a diazo compound. Hence Dia‘zotized ff/. a. 

1889 M’Gowan tr. Bernthsen's Org. Chem. 361 The con- 
version of amido- into diazo-compounds is termed diazotiz- 
ing, 1892 Nature 28 July, The number of amidogen groups 
which have been diazotized can be determined. 1890 l'HoRrE 
Dict. Appl. Chem. 1. 247 Flavophenin .. prepared by the 


action of diazotised benzidine (one molecule) on two mole- | 


cules of salicyclic acid in alkaline solution. 

Dib, s4.! dial. 
v.!] A dip; a small hollow in the ground. 

1847-78 Hatuiwett, Dis,a valley. North. 1869 Lonsdale 
Gloss., Dib, a dip. 1876 F. K. Ronicon Whitby Gloss., 
Dib, a slight concavity on the ground's surface. 

2. Comb. Dibboard, the dip or inclination of a 
seam of coal. ANorthumbld. Gloss. 1892. 

Dib, s/.2 Generally in g/. dibs. [Dzds, found 
in the 18th c., was prob. a familiar shortening of 
dibstones, mentioned by Locke. Prob. a deriv. of 
Dis v.*: cf. the names DaBBers, and (dza/.) dads, 
sire to a similar game, f. Das v.] 

. fl. A game played by children with pebbles 
or the knuckle-bones of sheep; also the name of 
the pebbles or bones so used; see ASTRAGAL, 
CHECKSTONES, COCKAL. 

1730-6 Baixey (folio), Yds, a play among children. 1810 
E. D. Crarke 7 raz. I. 177 This game is called ‘ Dibbs’ by 
the English. 1867 H. Kincstey Si/cote of 5. xiii, His dibbs 
and agate taws. 1888 Berksh. Gloss., Dibs, a game played 
with the small knuckle bones taken from legs of mutton; 
these bones are themselves called dibs. 18g0 J. D. Roserr- 
son Gloucestersh. Gloss., Dibs, pebbles. 

2. A counter used in playing at cards, ete. as 
a substitute for money. 

3. 7/. A slang term for money. 

1812 H. & J. Saitu Key. Addr., G. Barnwell, Make nunky 
surrender his dibs. 1867 Smytn Saélor’s Word-bk., Dibbs, 
a galley term for ready money. 1868 Miss Brapvon Aun 
to arth 111. ix, ‘You are the individual what comes down 
with the dibbs.” 1883 Besant Garden air u. iii, To make 
other beggars do the work and to pocket the dibs yourself. 

4. =Dissixr. (In various Eng. dialects.) 

1891 Leicestersh. Gloss., Dib, Dibber or Dibble, a pointed 
instrument often made of a broken spade-handle, for making 
holes for seeds. 

Dib, sé.8 A local Sc. var. of Dus, a puddle. 

1821 Gat Ann. of Parish 312 (Jam.) The dibs were full, 
the roads foul. 1821 — Ayrsh. Legatees 100 (Jam.) He 
kens the loan from the crown of the causeway, as well as 
the duck does the midden from the adle dib. 

Dib, v.! Ods. exc. dia/. [App. an onomatopeeic 
modification of Dip v., expressing the duller sound 
caused by broader contact. Cf Dip s6.!] ¢rans. 
= Dip v. 

¢1325 Metr. //om. 121 Jesus .. bad thaim dib thair cuppes 
alle, And ber tille bern best in halle. ¢1570 Durham Deposit. 
(Surtees) 100 Dib the shirt in the water, and so hang it upon 
a hedge all that night. _ Barer 4 fv. D 653 ‘To Dibbe 
or dippe. 1617 Minsneu Ductor, To Dibbe, vi. to Dippe. 
1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Dib, To dip. 

Dib, v2 [A derivative form from Das v.!, ex- 
pressing an action of the same kind but weaker or 
eet cf, the forms szf, suzp, “7p, and the redu- 
plicating element in b7d/e-babble, tittle-tattle, pit- 
pat, sig-sag, which expresses a weakened phase of 
the notion expressed by the radical. 

Sense 3 is also expressed by Dar, another derived form 
from daé, in which the consonant is lightened ; also by Dor. 
Here there may also be association with Dir.) 

L. ¢rans. To dab lightly or finely: cf. Das v.1 2. 

1609 Ev. Woman in Hum... i. in Bullen O. Pi. IV, Mistris 
that face wants a fresh Glosse. Prethee, dib it in well, Bos. 

2. intr. To is 9 or pat lightly: ef. Dab v.11. 

1869 Buackmorr Lorna D. x, It is a fine sight to behold... 
the way that they dib with their bills. a 

3. intr. To fish by letting the bait (usually a 
natural insect) dip and bob lightly on the water ; 
=Dap v. 1, DIBBLE 2.2 2. 

1681 Cuetnam A 


[A variant of Dip 5é.: cf. Dip | 


824 


4. To dibble. : 
in actual use only in mod. dial., but implied in 

Disser, Dissinc-stick : see also Dissie. 
7 Evans Leicestersh. Gloss., Dib and Dibble vb., to use 
8 ibble’, Dibble is the commonest form, both of the sé, 


% 

Hence Di bbing 7//. sb.; Di-bbing-stick, a dibble. 

1681 Cuetuam Angler's Vade-m, xxxiii. § 1 (1689) ie 
Angling with a natural LA bageg dibbing, ing or di 
bling). /did. § 2. 174 Dibbing is always perfo: on the 
very surface..or permitting the Bait to sink for 2 inches. 
1833 BowLker ro vy 3 27 The natural flies best adapted 
for dibbing or bobbing at the bush. H. C, PennNet 
Angler Nat. 154 A natural caterpillar, cockchafer, or grass- 
h r, used with a short line by dibbing over the bushes. 
1 Chesh. Gloss., Dibbin-stick, a stick used for planting 
cabbages, etc. or making holes for sowing seed, 

Dibar, obs. form of Diaper. 

Dibasic (daibé'sik), a. Chem. [f. D1-? + 
Base sb.1+-1¢.] Having two bases, or two atoms 
of a base. Dz¢bastc acid: one which contains 
two atoms of displaceable hydrogen. See Brbasic. 

1868 Chambers Encycl. X. 462/2 When an acid admits of 
the displacement of two atoms of hydrogen, it is termed 
dibasic. 1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1874) 365 The acids .. 
of the second series are dibasic, 1880 CLemeNsHAW JVurtz' 
Atom. The. 204 Oxygen and sulphur, the ‘dibasic’ character 
of which was demonstrated by Kekulé. 


Hence Dibasi‘city, dibasic quality. 


1880 CLemensHAW Wurtz’ Atom. The. 179 The dibasicity 


of tartaric acid. 
Dibb, var. of Diz. 
Dibber (di:ba1). [f. Drs v.2 (sense 4) +-ER!.] 


1. An instrument for dibbling; a dibble; especi- | 


ally, an implement having a series of dibbles or 
teeth for making a number of holes at once. 

1736 Peace Aenticisms, Dibble, 1 think they call it didber 
in Kent. 1783 7rans..Soc. Encourag. Arts 1. 112, I 
ploughed the land very deep, dressed the ground down, and 
planted with hand-dibbers. 1797 A. Younc Agric. Suffolk 
48 Aman..with a dibber of iron, the handle about three feet 
long, in each hand, strikes two rows of holes. 1847 Rayn- 
Bird in Jrul. R. Agric. Soc. VILL. 1. 215 By using a drop- 
drill, or a larger dibber for making the holes. 1848 /éid. 
IX. u. 548 Five cut sets [of hops] should be planted to 
make a hill, which should be put in with a dibber around 
the stick. ; 

2. A/ining. The pointed end of an iron bar used 
for making holes. U.S. 

1871 W. Morcans Man, Mining Tools 158 The pointed 
ends of bars are often slightly bent, to facilitate getting a 
pinch and levering in certain positions. ‘The end is called 
a ‘dibber’, for making holes. 

Dibbin, dibben. 0¢s. or dial. 

+1. In the leather trade: Part of a hide; perh. 
the shank. Oés. 

1603-4 Act 1 Fas. /, c. 22 § 35 The Neckes, Wombes, and 
Dibbins, or ofer peeces of Offall cut of from the saide Backes 
or Buts of Leather. : 

2. dial. (See quot.) 

1847-78 HALuweELt, Didden, a fillet of veal. Devon. 

Dibble (di‘b’l), s6. Forms: 5 debylle, 6 dyb- 
bil, 6-7 dible, 6- dibble. [In form belongin, 
app. to Drs v.? (sense 4), -LE being instrumenta 
as in deetle, or diminutive : cf. dtbber, dibbing-stick 
in same sense. 2dble is however evidenced much 
earlier than Dis v.2, which leaves the nature of 
their relation doubtful.] 

An instrument used to make holes in the ground 
for seeds, bulbs, or young plants. In its simplest 
form, a stout pointed cylindrical stick with or 
without a handle; but it may also have a cross 
bar or projection for the foot (/oot-dibble), or be 
forked at the point, or furnished with several points 
to make a number of holes at once. 

c 1450 Nominale in Wr-Wiilcker 713 Hoc subterrarium, 
adebylle. 1483 Cath. Angi. Debylle, tinacwn, 
subterratorium. 1563 Hyit Art Garden, 128 With your 
forked dibble, put vader the head, loose it so in the earth, 
that [etc]. Levins Manip. 124/42 A dybbil. 
‘Tusser //usd, (1878) 101 Throu i 
mattock, and spade, By line by leauell, trim garden is 
made. 16rx Suaks. Mint. T.1v. iv. 100 He not put The 
Dible in earth, to set one slip of them. wap Bas S.§ B.C. 
Words 64 A Dibble, an instrument to e holes in the 

und with for setting beans, pease or the like. 
Sriocer Fam, Dict. s.v. Dibble, There is a Dibble of a 
modern Invention with several Teeth, the Body of it is 
made of a light Wood, and the Teeth of a Wood that is 
somewhat harder. 1818 Keats Endym. mi. 153 In Lage 
time ne’er would I dibble take, Or ae: a ved 1859 R. F. 
Burton Centr, Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. Eo Pea 
le use a msaha or dibble, a chisel-shaped bit of iron, 
with a socket to receive a wooden handle, 1861 Drtamer 
Ft. Gard. 48 To plant them with the trowel or dibble. 
+b. ?A moustache. Ods. slang. ; 

1614 B. Jonson Barth, Fair u. iii, Neuer tuske, nor twirle 
your dibble, good Iordane. 

Dibble (di'b'l), v.! [f. Dissie sd] 

1. “rans. ‘To make a hole in (the soil) with or 
as with a dibble; to sow or plant by this means. 
Zo dibble in (énto): to put in or plant by dibbling. 

1583 Sranynurst 42neis 1. (Arb.) 110 So far is yt cram- 

rnd with roote deepe dibled at 1791 Cowrer 

Se 26A skipping, deer, With pointed hoof dib- 
bling glebe. ‘ounG Agric. Suffolk 47 One 
— near — +. dibbled 2 — 1799 Gentl. 

‘ag. 1. 392 A woman em) ae beans, 1847-8 
H. Yuri First lmpr. ix. (1839) 145 The clayey soil around 


1727 


| than from the dibbled. 


DIBRACH. 


it was dibbled thick .. by the tiny hoofs of sheep. 
M. Arnotp Balder Dead i, 312 The soft. strewn snow 
Under the trees js dibbled thick with holes, Baker 
Nile Tribut. iv. 54 The seeds of the dhurra are dibbled in 
about three feet apart. 

transf, 1883 Six E. Becxerr in Kunow/. 31 Aug. 1402 
‘The printer's passion for dibbling in a comma between every 
two adjectives. 

2. intr. To use or work with a dibble ; to bore 
holes in the soil. 

Mod. He was dibbling in his garden. . 

Hence Di‘bbled f//. a.; Di'bbling vd/. sb.; also 
in Comb., as dibbling-machine. 

1795 Hull Advertiser 10 Oct. 3/3 If Dibbling, instead of 
Broadcast, was wholly practised, it wou! i 
1832 Veg. Subst. Food 38 Depositing the seed in holes .. at 
regular intervals ., is called drilling, or dibbling. = J. 
Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. 11. 210 It .-that drilling 
with the hoe is much preferable to dibbli Jbid. There 
was .. one quarter more pe geocene from the drilled crop 

nicut Dict. Mech., Dibbling- 

machine, one used for ing holes in rows for potato sets, 
for beans, or other things which are planted isolated in 


rows. 

Dibble di-b'l), v.2 [Perhaps a derived form 
from DasBLeE with lighter vowel: but cf. Dis 
v.2 3.] 

L. intr. = DABBLE 2. 2. 

1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxv. (1748) 366 And near to them 
you see the lesser dibbling teale. 

2. =Dis v.2 3, Dap v. 1. 

1658 R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 60 Dibble lightly on 
the surface of the water. 1676 Cotton Angler (T.), This 
stone-fly..we dape or dibble with, as with the drake. 1681 
Cuetuam Angler's Vade-m, vii. § 2 (1688) 75 When you 
angle at ground in a clear Water, or dibble with natural 
Flies. 1833 Fraser's Mag. V11. 54 He .. bobs and dibbles 
till he hooks his prey. 

Hence Di-bbling v/. sd. 

1676 Corton Angler u. v. 295 This way of fishing we call 
Daping or Dabbing, or Dibling wherein you are always to 
have your Line flying before you up or down the River as 
the Wind serves. 1 Sat, Rev. V. 569/2 Dibbling for 
trout he considers a high achievement. 


Di‘bble-da‘bble. co//og. or dial. [Reduplica- 
tion of DaBBLk, the form expressing repetition 
with alternation of intensity, as in dzbble-babble, 
tittle-tattle, sig-cag, etc.) Ut, An irregular course 
of dabbling or splashing; fig. rubbish; also, up- 
roar with violence. 

c1gso Bate A. Yohan (Camden) 7 
dable I marveil ye can abyd such byble bab: C’ress. 
Cowrer in M/rs. Delany's Life & Corr. Ser. 1. (1862) I. 

It turned out such a dibble-dabble. ..We have = 
weather before March came. 1825 Jamieson, Dibdble-dabble, 
Foren accompanied with viol . 1847-78 HALuiweit, 

ibble-dabble, rubbish, North. 

Dibbler (di-ble:).  [f. Dissre v.1+-r1.] 

1. One who dibbles. 

1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1804) Il. 356 One dibbler 

poe undertakes the business of one gang. 1 A. 

ounG Agric. Suffolk 49 note, A one-horse roll to level the 
i or furrow, for the dibblers. : ae 

. An agricultural implement used in dibbling ; 


They are but dyble 
les 


| a machine dibble. 


1847 //lustr. Lond. News 24 July 58/1 For the best horse 
rere 3874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 699/1 Dibblers 
[figured]. 1884 4 ¢henaum 6 Dec. 736/2 Drills, seed planters 
and dibblers. 

3. A species of o m: see quot. 

1850 A. Waite Pop. Hist. Mammalia 166 The Antechinus 
aq icalis of = Gray, which is called the ‘ Dibbler’ at King 


's Sound. 

Dibbler, dial. f. DovstEr, large plate. 

Dibchick : see Dascuick B. 

Dibenzo-. Chem. See Di- 2 and Benzo-. 

Dibenzoyl. Cem. A synonym of Benzite 
Cy, Hyp Oy, as having the formula of two molecules 
of the radical Benzoyi. Also in Comd. 

Dibenzyl. Chem. [f. Di-2 + Benzyu.J An 


_ aromatic hydrocarbon crystallizing in large colour- 


1573 
cunning with dible, Pe a 


i 


less prisms, having the formula of two molecules 
of the radical benzyl. Also in Comd, and attrid., 
as dthensyl-methane, dibensyl ketone. 


Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 763. 
Dib-hole. Mining. [app. f. d6, variant of Dus 
+Ho.x.] The hole at the bottom of the shaft, 
which receives the drai of a mine, in order 
° its being pumped to surface; also called 
UMP, 

C. : was being brought 
are vane Naan Tie cote wen queciganan ae ieee 
hole and the scaffolding smashed, ee ie 11 Jan. 
3/6 Examining the dib hole at the bottom of the pit shaft. 

Diblastula (doiblestizla). wij 
+ mod.L. d/astula BLAstULE.] stage © 
the embryo of multicellular animals at which it 


consists of a vesicle inclosed by a double layer of ~ 


cells; =GASTRULA. 
1890 E.R. Lanxester Adv. Science 348 Theterm ‘diblastula’ 
peer recently been adopted in England for the ‘gastrula’ 
Dibrach (dai'brek). rare. [ad. L. didrachys, 
ad. Gr. 8i8paxus of two short syllables, f. 5:- two 
+ Bpaxvs short.] In Gr. and L. prosody: A foot 
consletny ene eee? apne Pol 

In mod. Di 


ae 


ea Pe Te ey 


DIBRANCH. 


Dibranch (doibrenk). Zool. [ad. F. ae- 
branche(s, f. Gr. bi (Di-*) + Bpayxea gills of 
fishes.] A dibranchiate cephalopod ; see next. 

1877 Le Conre dem. Geol. 1. (1879) 305 If we divide all 
known Cephalopods into Dibranchs (two-gilled) and ‘Tetra- 
branchs (four-gilled). . The naked or Dibranchs are decidedly 
higher in organization, 

Dibranchiate (deibrenkict), a. and sd. Zool. 
[f. mod.L. débranchidta, f. as prec. : see -ATE~.] 

A. adj. Belonging to the Debranchiata, an order 
of cephalopods having two branchiz or gills. B. 
sb. A cephalopod belonging to this order. 

1835-6 Toop Cycl. Anat. 1. 520/1 The Dibranchiate Order 
of Cephalopods. _/did. 528/2 The..suckers with which the 
..arms of the Tihesnchiates are provided. 1875 BLakE 
, Zool. 244 In the dibranchiate Cophalopads, the animal is 
swimming. _ ; 

So Dibra‘nchious a., ‘having two branchiz or 
gills.” Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

Dibromide (deibrawmoaid, -mid). Chem.  [f. 


Di-2 + Bromipr.] A compound of two atoms of | 


bromine witha dyad element or a radical, as e¢hzne 
dibromide C, Hy, Br. 

1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. 362 Ethylene diamines. .obtained 
by acting with ammonia on ethylene dibromide. 1873 
Fownes’ Chem, (ed. 11) 560 Ethine unites with bromine, 
forming a dibromide. 

Dibromo-, before a vowel dibrom-. Chen. 
[f. Di-2 + Bromo-.] A combining element, ex- 
pressing the presence in a compound of two atoms 
of bromine, which have replaced two of hydrogen, 
as atbromaldehyde CH Bry - CHO. 

1873 ownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 680 Dibromacetic Acid is ob- 
tained by the further action of bromine upon bromacetic 
acid. Jézd. 759 Dibromobenzene exhibits two modifications. 
1880 CLemensHaw Warts’ Aton. Th. 285 Dibromopropyl 
alcohol .. which is the result of the direct action of bromine 
a allyl alcohol. 

ibs (plural): see Dis sd.2 

Di‘bstones, <2. A/. [See Dip 56.2] The names 
of a children’s game: the same as débs or dab- 
stones. 

1692 Locke Educ. § 152, I have seen little Girls exercise 
whole Hours together and take abundance of Pains to be 
expert at Dibstones as they call it. 1775 Asu, Didbstone, a 
play among children, a little stone to be thrown at another 
stone. Addison. __ 

Dibu'tyl, Dibutyro-. Chem. See Dr-* and 
Bury.. 3 

+ Dica‘cious, @. Ods.—° [f. L. déedx, dicace- 
talking shayply + -ous.] Pert of speech, saucy. 

1830 Maunver 7yeas. Knowd., Dicacious, talkative, pert. 

Hence + Dica*ciousness. 

1727 Baiwey vol. II, Dicaciousness, talkativeness. 

Dicacity (dikz’siti). Ods. or arch. [f. L. 
dicax, dicac-em, sarcastic (f. déc- stem of dicére to 
say, speak) +-1ry.] A jesting or mocking habit of 
speech; raillery, banter; pertness. (Sometimes after 
L. dicére: Talkativeness, babbling. ) 

1592 Bacon Confer. Pleasure (1870) 8 Vespasian, a man 
exceedinglie giuen to the humor of dicacitie and iesting. 
1637 Hrywoop Dia/. iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 185 His quicke 
dicacitie Would evermore be taunting my voracitie. a 1670 
Hacker Ad, Williams u. (1692) 133 Lucilius, a centurion, 
in Tacitus Annal. lib. 1, had a scornful name given him by 
the military dicacity of his own company. 1751 Byrom 
Enthusiasm Poems 1773 11. 23 To remit the freedom of 
inquiry..for their dicacity. 1840 New Monthly Mag. LX. 
55 Between human eloquence, and the dicacity of the parrot 
. there is all the difference in the world. 

+Dicwarch. Ods.rare—°. In 7 dice-.  [f. 
Gr. dixai-os just + -apxos ruler.] (See quot.) So 
also + Diceearchy. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Dicearchy (dicearchia\, just govern- 
ment, Dicearck (dicearchus), ajust Prince. 1658 Pitts, 
Dicearch. i” is 

Diceology (deisé\glodzi). Also 7 dice-. [ad. 
L. dicwologia, a. Gr. dieatodoyia a plea in defence, f. 
dixaco-s righteous, just + Aoyéa account, speech.] 

+1. A description or account of jurisdiction. Ods. 

cee J. Exton (zétZe), The Maritime Dicaologie, or Sea- 
jurisdiction of England. 

2. Rhet. Justification. 

2389 PurrennaM Lug. Poesie 111. xix. (Arb.) 237 Dichologia, 
or the Figure of excuse.] 1656 BLount Glossog7., Diceology 
. justification by, or in talk. [1830 Maunver 77cas. Knowl. 
Dicwxology, self-vindication.] 

Dicage, Dicar: see Dikacx, Dicker. 

Dicalcic (daikzlsik), a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2 + 
Catcre.] Containing two equivalents of calcium. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 1. 719 Dicalcic phosphide. 
1 . J. Luovp Sctence Agric. 

Dicarbo-, before a vowel dicarb-. Chem. [See 
Di-? and Cargo-.] In composition: Containing 
two atoms or equivalents of carbon, 

1881 Nature XXIII. 243 The acid..was probably identical 
with dicarbopyridenic acid. 

Dicarbon (deika:tbgn), @ Chem. [D1-*.] 
Containing or derived from two atoms of carbon, 
as the décarbon series of hydrocarbons. 

1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. xxx, Dicarbon or Ethyl series. 
The starting point of this important series is common alcohol 
or spirits of wine C2 He O. : 

Dicarbonate (daika-1binct). Chem. See Di-2 
and CARBONATE, 


825 
Dicaxpellary, a. Bot. [f. Di-2 + Carpet- 


LARY.] Having or consisting of two carpels. 

1876 Hartry Mat, Med. 501 Distinguished by a dicar- 
pellary fruit. 

Dicast (dikexst). Gr. dutiy. Also dikast. 
[ad. Gr. dKeaorns judge, juryman, agent-noun f. 
duxd¢-ev to judge, pass judgement on, f. diey right, 
justice, judgement, trial.] One of the 6000 citizens 
chosen annually in ancient Athens to try cases in 
the several law-courts, where their functions com- 
bined those of the modern judge and jury. 

iB; Morteux Rabelais v. xi. (1737) 46 The Statues of 
their Dicastes.) 1822 'T. Mitcnert Avistoph. 1, p. cxly, 
Nearly one-third of the population of Athens were, in part, 
supported by their attendance upon the courts of law in the 
quality of dicasts, an office something between the judge 
and juryman of modern times. 1873 Symonps G7. Poets 
Ser. 1. i. (1877) 30 The whole Athenian nation as dikasts and 
ecclesiasts, were interested in Rhetoric. 1874 Mauarry Soc. 


Life Greece vii. 215 The contemptible old dicast in the 
‘asps. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 215 This art acts upon 


dicasts and ecclesiasts and bodies of men. 

Dicastery dikstéri). Also dikastery. [ad. 
Gr. diaotnproy a court of justice.]} 

One of the courts of justice in which the dicasts 
sat; the court or body of dicasts. 

(1656 J. Harrincton Oceana 147 (Jod.) ‘Vhe dicasterion 
..in Athens ..the comitia of that commonwealth, 1822 
T. Mitcuett Aristoph. Il. 179 ‘The very essence of the 
Athenian democracy .. was centered in its Dicasteria, or 
courts of justice.] 1846 Grote Greece 1. xii. I. 304 It was un- 
lawful to put to death any person, even under formal sentence 
by the dicastery, 1866 Frvron Anc. § Mod. Gr. II. vi. 99 
‘The people in the country. .were as likely to be drawn into 
the senate and dicasteries, as the people. .of the town. 

Dicastic (dikzstik), a. Also dikastic. [ad. 
Gr, dicaorix-ds of or for law or trials: see Dicasr.] 
Of or belonging to a dicast or dicasts. 

1849 Grote Greece 1. xlvi. V. 484 The archon .. retained 
only the power of .. presiding over the dikastic assembly by 
whom peremptory verdict was pronounced. 1874 MAHAFFY 
Soc. Life Greece vi. 176 ‘Vhe wrangling and dicastic habit of 
his countrymen. 1884 Q. Rev. Oct. 348 Citizens each fur- 
nished with his dicastic badge and staff. 

Dicatalectic dai:ketilektik), a Pros. [ad. 
Gr, Sucaradnerix-ds: see Di-2 and Cavrarecric.] 
Of a verse: Doubly catalectic; wanting a syllable 
both in the middle and at the end, as e.g. the dac- 
tylic pentameter. In mod. Dicts. 

+ Dica‘tion. Ods. vare—°. [ad. L. décatéon-em 
formal declaration, n. of action f. décdreto proclaim.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dication, a vowing, submitting, 
promising, or dedicating. 

Dicayue, obs. form of DECEIVE. 

Dice (dais), sé., plural of Dix sé., q.v. 

In reference to gaming, dce is of much more fre- 
quent occurrence than the singular ade; it also 
enters largely into combination: as 

Dice-cogging, -gospeller, -maker; Aice-board, a 
board upon which dice are thrown; dice-coal 
(see quot.); dice-headed a., having a cubical 
boss or stud (of nails used for strengthening doors, 
etc.) ; dice holes (sce quot.) ; dice-man, a sharper 
who cheats with dice; dice-shot = dée-shot (see 
Din); dice-top, a top of polygonal form with 
numbers marked on its faces, a teetotum. Also 
DICE-BOX, -PLAY, etc. 

1844 THirLwatt Greece VIII. 453 Mummius..hadas little 
eye for them as any of his men, who made “*dice-boards of 
the finest master-pieces of painting. 1842 Branpr, *Dice- 
coal, a species of coal easily splitting into cubical fragments. 
18s2 THackeray Esmond 1. xiii, 1 played a *dice-cogging 
scoundrel in Alsatia for his ears. 15g0 Latimer Sevw. at 
Stamford Wks. 1.269 Among so great a number of gospellers, 
some are card-gospellers, some are *dice-gospellers, some 
are pot-gospellers ; all are not good. 1497 Ld. Treas. Acc. 
Scot. I. 357 Ve 3et nalis “dis hedit to Dunbar. 1593 in 
Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 1. 74, 100 dicheaded nailes 
pro ostio, 1882 Cautreitp & Sawarp Dict. Needlework 
153 “Dice Holes .. a stitch.. used in Honiton..lace. 1530 
Patscr. 213/2 *Dice maker, dessier. 1714 MANDEVILLE Fad, 
Bees (1725) 1. 81 Card and_dice-makers..are the immediate 
ministers to a legion of vices. 1871 /cho 14 Mar., *Dice- 
men and thimble-rigs were scattered here and there, making 
a fine harvest. © 1588 Lucar Collog. Arte Shooting App. 57 
Chaine shot ..*dice shot. 1668 J. Wuite Rich Cad. (ed. 4) 
124 Square pieces of iron, called dice-shot. 1894 Maske- 
tyne Sharps §& Flats 257 That well-known device, the 
**dice-top’ or ‘teetotum ’. 

Dice (dois), v.  [f. Dice sd. £/.] 

1. intr. To play or gamble with dice. 

1440 Prop. Parv, 121 Dycyn, or pley wythe dycys, 
aleo. 1519 Presentm. Furies in Surtees Misc. (1890) 32 
Latt no manservauntes dysse nor carde in ther howsses. 
1548 Latimer Ploughers Carb.) 25 Thei hauke, thei hunt, 
thei card, thei dyce. 1596 Suaxs. « Hen. JV, ut. iii. 18, 
I was ..vertuous enough, swore little, dic’d not aboue 
seuen times a weeke. 1647 R. Srapy-ton Yuvenal 253 If 
th’ old man dice, th’ heire in long coats will doe The like. 
1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 97 The Dick Talbot who 
had diced and revelled with Grammont. 

b. trans. To lose or throw away by dicing ; to 
gamble away. Also fg. 

1549 [see Dictnc-nousr]. 1618 N. Frerp Amends for 
Ladies 1. i. in Hazl. Dodsley X1. 94 Have I to dice my 

trimony away? 1871 Tom Taytor YFeanne Dare u. 1, 

ow cheerily a king and kingdom May be diced, danced, 
and fiddled to the dogs! 188x Bracke Lay Serm. i. 79 


" danyel pe dys-playere. 


DICE-PLAYER. 


The conscript boy, torn from his father .. to dice away his 
sweet young life in a cause with which he has no concern. 
e. ¢vans. Vo bring by dice-play (zvZo, out of, etc.). 

1843 Macautay /ss., Addison (1889) 721 When he diced 
himself into a spunging house. 

2. To cut into dice or cubes : es. in cookery. 

2¢1390 Forme of Cury in Warner's Culin. Antig. 5 Vake 
Funges [mushrooms], and pare hem clene, and dyce hem, 
c1440 Promp, Parv. 121 Dycyn, as men do brede, or other 
lyke, guadro. 1 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 
9s Make a ragoo of oysters and sweetbreads diced. 

3. To mark or ornament with a pattern of cubes 
or squares ; tochequer ; sfec. a. Meedlework. (See 
quot. 1808-80.) b. Bookbinding. To ornament 
(leather) with a pattern consisting of squares or 
diamonds: see DIcED Afi. a. 2. 

1688 J. CLayton in PAI 7rvans. XVIII. 126 The young 
Ones [snakes] have no Rattles .. but they may be known .. 
being very regularly diced or checker’d, black and gray on 
the backs. 1808-80 Jamirson, Dice, 1. Properly, to sew 
a kind of waved pattern near the border of a garment .. 
2. ‘lo weave in figures resembling dice. ‘ 

+4. To mark with spots or pips, like dice. Ods. 

1664 Power Lf. Philos. 1. 8 The Butter Fly. ‘The eye is 
large and globular, diced or bespeck’d here and there with 
black spots. 

Dice, obs. Se. f. Dats, pew or seat in a church. 

Dice, adv. Naut.: see DCE. 

Dice-box. The box from which dice are thrown 
in gaming, usually of the form of a double trun- 
cated cone. 


1833 ges ii. 
47 Charles and the Duke of Ormond were rattling the dice- 
box. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. II. 50 Welcome at the 
palace when the bottle or the dicebox was going round. 

b. Used typically for dice-play, dicing. gaming. 

1857 Maurice “A. St. Yohn xi. 179 The only resources 
left for either are the dice-box and the bottle. 1859 Ma- 
cautay Life Pitt, Fox, a man of pleasure, ruined by the 
dice-box and the turf. ; 

e. attrtb. Of the form of a dice-box. D¢ve-bo.v 
znsulator, a hollow porcelain insulator of this shape 
for supporting a telegraph wire, which passes 
through the axis. 

1841 W. Sparpinc /taly § /t. Zs2. 1. 296 A smaller lake .. 
backed bya range of rocks and a rude dice-box tower. 1895 
W. Preece (iv letter), The ‘dice-box’ insulator was invented 
by the late Mr. C. P. Walker; it was used on the South- 
Eastern Railway. 

Diced (doist), p/. a. [f. Dice v. +-Ep 1] 

1, Formed or cut into dice or cubes; see DICE v. 2. 

1671 J. Webster JJefadlogr. xvii. 246, I have by me very 
many sorts of these squared or diced golden Marchasites. 
1741 Compl. Ham. Piece 1. ii. (ed. 3) 147 Make Sauce with 
some of the Liquor, Mushrooms, diced Lemon, etc. 

2. Marked or ornamented with figures of cubes or 
squares ; chequered ; see DIck v. 3. 

1725 Ramsay Gent?. Sheph. 1. ii, He kaims his hair .. And 
spreads his garters diced beneath his knee. 1880 W. Smitu 
Catal. No. 6, 4 vols, royal 8vo, diced calf. 1893 W. F. Cray 
Catal. 16, 4to, diced russia, neatly rebacked. 

Dicellate (deiselét), a. [f. Gr. bimedda, a 
two-pronged hoe + -ATE*.] ‘Two-pronged: said 
spec. of sponge-spicules. 

|| Dicentra (daisentra). Bot. [mod.L., f. Gr. 
Bixevtpos, f. bt- two+évtpoy sharp point, spur.] 
A genus of plants (N.O. Fumardacew) having 
drooping heart-shaped flowers; the species are 
natives of North America and Eastern and Central 
Asia, and several are in cultivation in the flower- 
garden, esp. D. spectabzlis (also called Deelytra). 

1866 in Treas. Bot. 1883 Century Mag. Sept. 726/2 The 
beautifully divided leaves of the dicentra. 1884 E. P. Ror 
in Harper's Mag. May 932/t Clumps of bloodroot, hepaticas, 
dicentras, dog-tooth violets, and lilies-of-the-valley. 

Dicephalous (deisefalas), a. [f. Gr. ducepaad- 
os (f. &-, Di-2+xeg¢ad7 head) +-ous. In mod.F, 
dicéphale.| Waving two heads, two-headed. 

1808 Edin. Rev. X11. 487 A dicephalous monster. 

Dice-play. [f. Dice sd. p/.] The action or 
practice of playing with dice; the game of dice. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dyce play, aleatura, 155% 
Rostnson tr. More’s Utop. (Arb.) 84 esd dehy and suche 
other folishe and pernicious games they know not. 1577 
Norrusrookr Décing Introd. 2 If a man can dice-play. 
1580 Lupton Sivgila 94 To get greedie gain by diuellish and 
detestable Diceplaye. 1606 HoLtanp Sueton, 60 For giving 
himselfe much to ce play. | A 

+b. fy. Trickery, deceit, sleight. Ods. | : 

1633 Rocers Treat. Sacraments i. 159 Not easily carried 
away by each Doctrine and dice-play of men (cf. Eph. iv. 
14 €v TH KUBelg Tov avOpwrwr]). 

So Dice-playing. < ; 

c1490 Promp. Parv.(MS. K.) 120 Dicepleyinge, alcatura. 
55x Rosinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 19 The Poete likeneth 
.. the life of man to a diceplaiyng or a game at the tables. 
1606 HoLLanp Sweton. 70 The rumour that ran of his dice- 
playing. : 

Dice-player. [Sce prec.] One who plays or 
gambles with dice; a dicer. 

31377 Lanct. P. Pl. B. vi. 73 Iakke pe iogeloure .. And 
1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 

f bishops .. to keepe companie 


183 We doe vtterly forbid a! 


DICER. 


1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dubit. u. 471 | 
(L.) A common ester or dice-player may call himself 
Christian, but indeed he is not. 

. Dicer (daisa1). Forms: 5-6 dyser, dysar, 6 
dysour, disar, dycer, dicear, desard, 6- dicer. 
[f. Dice. (or sé.) +-ER!, The suffix was sometimes 
changed to AFr. -our, and -ar.] One who plays 
or gambles with dice ; a person addicted to dicing. 

1408 Nottingham Rec. 11. 62 Rogerus Mokyngton est 
communis hospitator, contra Assisam, scilicet, Song: ain 
dysers. ¢1460 J'owneley A/yst. (Surtees) 242 ‘Thise dysars 
and thise hullars, Thise cokkers and thise bollars. —oe 
Dunpar Poems xxxiv. 71 Ane dysour said..The Devill mot 
stik him with a knyfe, Bot he kest vp fair syisis thre. 1531 
Etyot Gov. 1. xxvi, Suche a reproche, to be sayde that they 
had made aliaunce with disars. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. 11. iv. | 
45 Such an Act, That..Makes marriage vowes As false as 
Dicers Oathes. 1654 GATAKER Disc. Afol. 3 The better Dicer, 
the wors man. 1837 De Quincey Revolt Tartars Wks. 1862 
IV. 130 Upon the hazard of a dicer’s throw. 1844 J. T. 
Hew ert Parsons & W. xix, A deep drinker, and a dicer. 

Dicerate (daiséret), a. [f. Gr. dieepas, ducepar- 
double horn.] ‘Having two horns’. Syd. Soc. 
Lex. 1883. 

Dicerous dei-séras), a. Entom. rare. [irreg. 
(for dicerote) f. Gr. dixepws two-horned, f. d:- two 
+ képas horn.] Having two ‘horns’, antennz, or 
tentacles. 

1826 Kirsy & Srence /ntrod. Entom. IV. 316 Dicerous, 
insects that have two antenna. 

Dicese, dicesse, obs. forms of DEcEASE. 

Dicetyl] (doisrtil). Chem. [See D1-*.] The 
free form of the hydrocarbon radical CeryY, q.v. 

+Dich. Ods. rare. A corrupt or erroneous word, 
having apparently the sense do 7¢: 

1607 Suaks. Zion 1. ii. 73 Much good dich thy good 
heart. 1630 X. Yohnson’s Ningd. & Commw. 87 So mich 
God dich you with your sustenancelesse sauce. [Cf. 1542 
Upatt tr. Erasm. Apoph. (1877) 112 Biddyng much good 
do it him.) 

Dich, obs. form of Ditcu. 

Dichasial (daiké-zial), a2. Aot.  [f. next + 
-AL.] Belonging to or of the nature of a dicha- 
sium. 

1876 J. H. Bacrour in Encycl. Brit, 1V. 124/1 In the 
natural order Caryophyllacez, the dichasial cymose form of 
inflorescence is very general. 

| Dichasium (doiké-ziim). Zot. Pl. -ia. 
[mod.L., f. Gr. déyacrs division.] A form of cy- 
mose inflorescence, apparently but not really dicho- 
tomous, in which the main axis produces a pair of 

- lateral axes, each of which similarly produces a pair, 
and so on; a biparous cyme. 

1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. 158 False dichotomies 
of this kind, which occur abundantly in the inflorescences of 
Phanerogams, are termed by Schimper Dichasia. /4id. 521 
The dichasinm easily passes, in the first or a succeeding 
order of lateral axes, into a sympodial mode of develop- 
ment. 1876 J. H. Barrour in Encycl. Brit. IV. 124/1 In 
some members of the tribe Caryophyllacee the inflorescence 
has the form of a contracted dichasium. ; 

|| Dichastasis (daika-stasis). [mod. f. Gr. diya 
asunder, apart + oraas standing.] * Spontancous 
subdivision ’ (Webster 1864). 

a@ 1864 WeBsTER cites Dana. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Ler. | 

Dichastic doeikestik),a. [mod. f. Gr. *dya- 
atos divided, f. d:ya¢-ew to divide: see -1c.] ‘ Ca- 
pable of subdividing std ys ( Webster 1864). 

a 1864 Wesster cites Dana. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Di- 
chastic, capable of undergoing dichastasis. 

Diche(n, obs. forms of Dircn. 

Dichlamydeous (deiklamivdiss), a. Hot. [f. 
mod. Bot.L dichlamydew, f. Gr. bt- two + XAanus, 
yAapvd- cloak: see-Eous.] Having both the floral 
envelopes (calyx and corolla); having a double 
perianth. Also said of a plant bearing such flowers. 

1830 Linptey Vat, Syst. Bot. Introd. 26 If the corolla is 

esent, a plant is said to bedichlamydeous, 1882 G. ALLEN 
in Nature 17 Aug. 373 Our English species have no true 
petals ; but some exotic forms are truly dichlamydeous. 

chlor-, dichloro-. Chem. [f. Di-? + 
CHioR(o)-.] A formative element in names of 
compounds formed by the substitution of two atoms 
of chlorine for hydrogen atoms, as dichlorace'tic 
acid, dichlorhy'drin: see CHLOR- and CHLORO-, 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 627 Dichlorhydrin is treated 
with potash, it gives up a molecule of hydrochloric acid. 
/bid. 679 Dichloracetic acid is produced by the action of 
chlorine and iodine on boiling acetic acid. Ibid. 759 Of di- 
chlorobenzene, two modifications are known. 1876 Harry 
Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 346 Allyl-chloroform is unstable, and 
breaks up into hydrochloric acid and dichlorallylene. 

i ide (daikloeraid, -rid). Chem. [f. Di-* 
+CHLonwe.] A compound of two atoms of | 
chlorine with an element or radical, as mercury | 
dichloride Hg Cl,. | 

+ Formerly, a compound of chlorine with two atoms of 
another body: see Dt-* 2 a P. - : 

1825 ‘I’. THomson First Princ. Chem. VW. 44 Dichloride 
of antimony. 1826 Henry Elem, Chem. 11. 75. 1854 é 
Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem, 508 Dichloride of gold 
remains. ¢1865 Lerueny in Circ. Sc. 1. 120/1 A solution of | 
dichloride of copper. 1873 Fownes' Chem. fed. 25) 437 The | 
dichloride is bo a together with the trichloride. | 

, a. Gr. d¢xo-, combining form of adv. 
dixa in two, asunder, apart, as in dxoropia cutting | 


with dice players. 


£Gnt 
_ separately +-~yayos wedded, married, yap-os wed- 


326 


in two. A first element in several scientific words, 
with the meaning, ‘asunder, separately, in two 
parts or halves’. 

(The ¢ is short in Greek, so that the usual English pronun- 
ciation is not etymological.) 

Dichoga-miec, a. Bot. =Dicnocamovs. 

In mod. Dicts. 


*dixdyapos (f. d:xo-, Dicno-, asunder, 


ding) + -ous.] Said of those hermaphrodite plants 
in which the stamens and pistils (or analogous 
organs) become mature at different times, so that 
self-fertilization is impossible. 
1859 Darwin Orig. Sfec. iv. (1873) 78 These so-named dicho- 
amous plants have in fact separated sexes, and must 
bitually be crossed. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. Insects 
are the main agents in the conveyance of the pollen to the 
stigma of other flowers of dich Phanerog: 


(daikpgamas), a. Bot. [mod | 


DICHOTOMY. s 
Dichotomize (deikgtémaiz), v. [f. Gr. drxd- 


Top-os (see DICHOTOMOUS) + -IZE.] : 


1. trans. To divide into two parts or sections; 


esp. in reference to classification : cf. DichoTomy 1 a. 


1608-11 Br. Hart Zfist. 1. v, That great citie might well 
be dich ized into ch and hospitals. ULLER 
was 


Holy War w, i. (1647) 166 Not a city of note .. 
not dichotomized into the sect of the Guelfes .. and Gibel- 
lines. 1678 Cupwortu /nfel?. Syst. 1. iii. 1 
forementioned Forms of Atheism may be again Di i 
..into such as[etc.]. 1866.57. Fames’s Mag. Oct. 367 So far 
as they were concerned the University was dichotomized in 
‘Christ Church men’ and ‘ squibs’. 

+b. Joosely. To divide (into several parts). Ods. 
(In first quot. humorously as a blunder.) 

T. Powei. Tom All Trades 144 Then dicotomize the 
whole portion of his wife into several shares. Cuarte- 
ton Paradoxes 56 They agai ..the influxive 
spirit into the naturall, vitall, and animall. 1667 Decay 
Chr. Piety ix, ? 10 When they came to be dichotomiz’d, and 


Linh 


Whether the Alge named above ‘and some Muscinex: are 
dichogamous is doubtful. 1894 Drummonp Ascent Max vi. 
303 ‘The subtle alliance with Space in Dicecious flowers ; 
with Time in Dichogamous species. 

Dichog (daikp-gami). Bot. [mod. f. Gr. 
type *d:xoyapia, n. of state from *d:xoyapos: see 
prec. and -y: in mod. Ger. and F. dichogamie.] 
The condition of being dichogamous, i.e. in which 
the stamens and pistils (or analogous organs) of a 
hermaphrodite plant mature at different times. 

1862 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) III. 303 What old C, K. 
Sprengel called dichogamy and which is so frequent in truly 
hermaphrodite groups. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 906 One of 
the simplest and commonest means for ensuring cross-fertil- 
isation 1s Dichogamy, i.e. the arrangement by which the two 
kinds of reproductive organs, when. .contiguous, are mature 
at different times. 

Dicho:pterous, a. Entom. [f. Dicno- + Gr. 
mrep-dv wing + -oUS.] ‘ Having cut or emarginate 
wings’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

Dichord (daikid). [ad. Gr. dixopdos_two- 
stringed, f. &- two + xopdy string (of a lyre), 
chord.] a. An instrument having two strings. b. 
An instrument having two strings to each note. 
(Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. 7erms. 

1819 Pantologia, Dichord, in music, the name given to 
the two-stringed lyre, said to have been invented by the 
Egyptian Mercury. 

Dichoree (deikor7. Pros. [a F. déchorée 
(1736 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. dichoré-us, a. Gr. 
Bydper-os, f. -, D1-2 + xopetos : see CHOREE.] 
A metrical foot consisting of two chorees or 
trochees. 

1801 D. Irvine Elem. Composition x. (1828) 109 Its music 
consisted in the dichoree with which it is terminated. 1885 
R. C. Jess Gedipus Tyrannus p. \xxxi, When the ionic 
--vuv.. is interchanged with the dichoree - u- w 

Dichostasy (dikp'stasi . once-wd. [ad. Gr. 
dxooragia a standing apart, dissension, f. d:xo-, 
I)icHo- + o7aa-ts standing.] A standing separate. 

¢1859 Br. Suort Sf. in Academy 30 July (1892) 86 His 
orders are irregular. .and his Church system—he would not 
ne —but dichostasy. 

icho‘tomal, a. [f. as Dichotomous +-AL.] 
Of or pertaining to dichotomy. 

In mod. Dicts. | oe : 

Dichotomic (daikotymik), a. [mod. f. as Di- 
CHOTOM-OUS + -IC: in F. dichotomigue.] Relating 
to or involving dichotomy ; dichotomous. 

1873 Brit. Q. Kev. Jan. 301 The Scriptural representation 
is as often dichotomic as it is trichotomic. .'The dichotomic 
must be radically and essentially wrong. 1881 Lincoin 
tr. Troussean & Pidoux, Treat. Therapeutics 1. 278 The 
followers of Brown and Broussais, after a long struggle with 
the arguments which were ruining their dichotomic doctrine, 
were at last forced to recognise special diseases. 1882-3 
Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. UI. 2231 A decidedly dicho- 
tomic expression, as 1 Pet. ii. 11, where the soul is regarded 
venely according to her spiritual determination as the Gesrer 
of the divine life-principle. 

Bichoto 
= DICHOTOMOUSLY. 

1880 Guntner Fishes 40 Branched rays are dichotomically 
split. 


,adv, [f. prec, + -AL+-LY*.] 


ist (doikgtdmist). [f Dichorom-y 

+-18t.] One who dichotomizes, or classifies by 
dichotomy. 

¢1g92 MArtowe Massacre Paris 1. viii, He that will be a 
flat dichotomist. . Is in your judgment thought a man. 
1597 Mor.ey /ntrod. Mus. Pref, The booke, although .. 
not such as may in euery point satisfie the curiositie of 
Dichotomistes. ‘¢ 1630 Jackson Creed tv. i, Curious dicho- 
tomists never allotting more than two branches to one stock. 
1882 W. Octe tr. Aristotle's Parts Anim. 13 Privative 
terms .. which are not available to the dich E 

Hence Dicho:tomi'stic a., pertaining to a dicho- 
tomist, or to dichotomy. 


1847 Buck tr. Hagendach’s Hist. Doctr. U1. 248_ Most 
writers pted the dich isti inciple, according to 
which man consists of body and 


tion (daikp:témaizéifon). — [f. 
Dicuoromize + -atIoN.] The action of dichoto- 
mizing, or condition of being dichotomized: in 
quot. of the moon (see DicHoToMIZED 2). 


1867 G. F. Cuampers Astron. 1. v. 68 A discrepancy .. 
Ronn Be the first, or last, app of the dich 
tion. 


‘d out into curious aerial notions. j ty 

2. intr. (for ref.) To divide or become divided 
into two continuously ; sfec. used of the branching 
of a stem, root, leaf-vein, etc.: see DICHOTOMOUS 2, 
Dicuoromy 3. 

1835 [see DicnoTomizinc below]. 1846 Dana Zoafh. (1848) 
652 Stem dichotomising and bearing .. nearly simple erect 
branchlets. 1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. u. iv. 406 
The roots of Lycopodiacea are .. the only ones known to 
dichotomise. 1884 M. Boots in Frail. Educ. 1 Sept, 342 
Elements which .. tend to dichotomize into pairs of evils. 

Hence Dicho'tomizing vé/. sb. and ff/. a.; Di- 
cho‘tomizer, one who dichotomizes. 

1606 Breton Sidney's Ourania, He has no fine Dicho- 
tomizing Wit. 16ax Br. Mounracu Diatribae 393 These 
two great Dichotomisers, being at odds with all meee and 
with themselues. 1639 Futter Holy War v. xv. (1647) 255 
The Turks, who in the dichotomizing of the world fall under 
the Northern part. 1835 Kirsy Had. § Just. Anim. II. 
xiii. 11 Surrounded by dichotomizing articulated organs. 
1881 G. Busk in ¥rud. Microsc. Soc. Jan. 5 Numerous, long, 
sparsely dich ising, biserial b h 

icho'tomized, ///. a. [f. prec. +-ED1.] 

1. Divided into two branches: see prec. 

1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 61 Stellate hairs 
.. With 3-4 rays once or twice dichotomised. ex CLeRKE 
Stud. Homer iv. 87 Beyond the = the sun, 
where one branch of his dichotomised Et iopians dwelt. 

2. Astron. Said of the moon in the phase at 
which exactly half her disk appears illuminated 
(the ‘half-moon’). 

1 1 Cuampers Cyci. s.v. Dichotomy, She appears di- 
intemal at least for the space of a whole hour $75 which 
time any moment may be taken for the true point of the 
dichotomy, as well as any other. 1834 Nat. Philos., Hist. 
Astron, Vi. 24/1 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) The difficulty of 
determining exactly the instant at which the moon is dicho- 
tomi. 1866 Airy Pop. Astron, v. (1868) 167 Observation 
of the place of the moon when it is ‘ dichotomized’. 

Dichotomous (deikgtimas), a, [f. L. dicho- 
tomos, -mus, a. Gr. &xéropos cut in half, equally 
divided: see Dicno- and -ous. Cf. F. dichotome 
(1752 in Hatz.-Darm.).] Divided or dividing into 
two ; characterized by dichotomy. 

+1. Astron. =Dicnotomizep 2; of the form of 
a half-moon, Oés. 

1690 Levsourn Curs. Math. 448 Mercury... in its greatest 
digression from the Sun .. appears Dichotomous. 

Bot., etc. Dividing into two equal branches; 
esp. so branched that each successive axis divides 
into two; relating to, or of the nature of, such 
branching. 

1752 Sin}. Hu Hist. Anim. 23 (Jod.) The short, dicho- 
tomous, monoculus. 1753 Exuis in Phil. Trans. 
XLVIII, 116 These stretch out into many regular dichotom- 
ous branches. 1794 Maxtys Kousseaws Bot. xvii. 226 The 
; rs sep sala ae oer 


1S d by its 4 

1842 E. Witson 4 nat. Vade M. 262 he division of arteries 

is usually ienotomens, 1872 Oxiver Elem, Bot. u. 185 
1 a dich pr} = 


sa P 1 shrub, with 
opposite leathery leaves. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 170 Dicho- 
tomous branching is very ig lophytes, 


ially Alga and the lower Hepatice. “ 3 

3 Logic, etc. Of classification : Involving divi- 
sion (of a class or group) into two (lower groups) ; 
proceeding by dichotomy ; dichotomic. 

1838 Sin W. Hamivron Logic xxv. (1866) IL, 30 The 
division may be not only dichotomous but polytomous, as 
for example,—angles are right, or acute, or obtuse. 1864 
Reader 3 Sept. 304/2 ‘The unities or molecules .. are either 
isovoluminous or in what I have called dichotomous ratio. 

7, adv. {f prec. +-LY%.] In 

a dichotomous manner ; by division into twos or 
pairs: see prec. Bets 
xte6 J. Gatrint Br S Data Zooph: tim sye Brouches 

ANA (1 

=i dichotomously subdivided. ieee A. Fuorr Pade. Med. 
(1880) 160 A bronchus, after it enters a lobule .. divides 
dichotomously once or twice and terminates in the alveolar 
passages, 1870 H. Macaittan Bible Teach. vii. 143 The 
dich ly-veined leaves, rep ig the cryptogamia. 

Dichotomy (deikytomi). [ad. Gr. 5:xoropia 
a cutting in two, f. &xéropP-os (see DicHoromous) : 
ef. F. dichotomie (1754 in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. Division ‘of a whole into two parts. a. spec. 
in Zogze, etc. : Division of a class or genus into two 
lower mutually exclusive classes or genera ; binary 
classification. 


ee ee ee 


. 


DICHOTRIANE. 


1610 Heatry St. Aug. Citie of God 303 This Tiichotemy 
-. doth not contradict the other Dichotomy that includet 
all in action and contemplation. 1725 Warts Logic 1. vi. 
§ 8 Some .. have disturbed the Order of Nature .. by an 
Affectation of Dichotomies, Trichotomies, Sevens, ‘T'welves, 
&c. Let the Nature of the Subject, considered together 
with the Design which you have in view, always determine 
the Number of Parts into which you divide it. 1864 Bowen 
Logic iv. 97 Convenience often requires what Logicians call 
division by dichotomy, in which a Genus is divided irto 
two Species having Contradictory Marks. ar. E. Cairp 
Philos. Kant u, vi. 302 The whole sphere of reality may be 
divided in relation to any predicate .. in what is called di- 
chotomy by contradiction, e.g. that ‘everything must either 
be red or notred’, 

b. gen. Division into two. 

1636 Freatty Clavis Myst. xxi, 277 Whose day after a 
ramisticall dichotomy being. divided into forenoone and 
afternoone. 1668 Witkins Real Char. u. vii. § 3. 190 The 
way of Dichotomy or Bipartition being the most natural 

easie kind of Division. 1868 Contemp. Rev. Apr. 598 
Popular theology is rather founded on the dichotomy of 
man into body and soul, than on the Christian trichotomy 
of body, soul, and spirit. : 

2. Astron. That phase of the moon (or of an in- 
ferior planet) at which exactly half the disk appears 
illuminated ; the ‘half-moon’. 

1686 _Goap Celest. Bodies 1. xv. 81 This Quadrate or 
Quartile in its Dichotomy, as the Greeks call it. 1797 
Encycl. Brit. 1. 419/1 Aristarchus .. gave a method of 
determining the distance of the sun by the moon’s dicho- 
tomy. 1878 Newcoms Pop Astron. 551 Dichotomy, the 
a aa of a planet when half illuminated. Fi H 

- Bot., Zool., etc. A form of branching in which 

each successive axis divides into two; repeated 
bifurcation : see DicHoromous 2. 

1707 SLOANE Yamaica I. 264 From the middle of the leaves 
rise one or two stalks .. always divided into two, or observ. 
ing a Dichotomy. 1835 Kirsy Had. & Just. Anim. 11, xiii. 
13 The last [Encrinus] seems to differ .. in the dichotomies 
and length of the arms. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 3. 
47 note, Dichotomy or forking, the division of an apex into 
two. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 169 Dichotomy .. never pro- 
duces structures .. dissimilar to the producing structure; 
the divisions of a root produced by dichotomy are both 
roots, those of a leaf-bearing shoot both leaf-bearing shoots 
.. dichotomy hence always falls under the conception of 
branching in the .. narrower sense, Jbid. 464. 

Dichotrizne (di:ko,traij7n). Zool. [f. Dicuo- 
+ Gr. tpiawa trident; see Trrmnz.] A dicho- 
tomous tricene; a three-forked sponge spicule, 
having each fork dividing into two, 

1887 Sottas in Encycl, Brit. XXII. 417/1 The arms of a 
triane may bifurcate (dichotriene) once, twice, or oftener, 
or they may trifurcate. 

Dichro-. [f. Gr. 8éxpo-os: see next.]_ In com- 
bination = Dicurotc. : 

bee J J. Remsen Juorg, Chem, 709 Co(N H3)3 Cls+H20 
which is known as dichro-cobaltic chloride. 

Dichroic (daikrovik), a. [ad. Gr. déxpoos, -ws 

two-coloured (f. 8- two + xpds colour, complexion) 

+ -Ic.] Having or showing two colours; sfec. 

applied to doubly-refracting crystals that exhibit 

different colours when viewed in different directions; 
or to solutions that show essentially different colours 
in different degrees of concentration. 

@ 1864 Dana cited in Werster. 1878 GurNEY Crys/allogr. 
112 Tourmaline is strongly dichroic. 1879 Dana JZan. Geol, 
(ed. 3) 67 This mineral .. being dichroic. 

Dichroiscope: see Dicuroscopr. 

Dichroism (i‘kro,iz’m), [mod. f. Gr. 5¢ypoos, 
-ws two-coloured (see DicHRorc) + -Ism. In F, 
dichroisme.| The quality of being dichroic; spec, 
as exhibited by certain crystals and solutions; see 
prec. 

1819 Brewster in Phil. Trans. 17 This dichroism, as it 
may be called .. so far as I know, has never been observed 
in any other minerals than iolite and mica. 1843 Rep. Brit. 
Assoc. 14 The dichroism of a solution of stramonium in 
wether, 1884 Chamd. F¥rnu/. 15 Nov. 731/2 This stone [sap- 
phire] sesses the singular property known as dichroism 
—that is, it shines with two colours, blue and red. 

Hence Dichroi‘stic, za. = D1curoiric. 

In mod, Dicts. 

Dichroite (dai‘krojit). Ain. [mod. f. Gr. 
Sixpoos (see Dicuroic) + -1rE, In F. dichroite 
(1809 Cordier).] A synonym of IorrE, from its 
often exhibiting dichroism. 

1810 Nicholson's Frul. XXVIII. 231 Description of the 
Dichroit, a new gem of Mineral. 183x Brewster Oftics 
xxx. § 148. 249 M. Cordier observed the same change of 
colour in a mineral called iolite, to which Haiiy gave the 
name of dichroite. .1881 Sat. Rev, 23 Apr. 518/1 The great 
ball of dichroite which seems crystal white when looked at 
from one point of view, rich blue from another, and straw- 
colour from another, is perhaps the most entertaining object. 

b. Comb. 
© 1875 Dawson Dawn of Life vi. 145 The gneiss. .is chiefly 


grey and very silicious, containing dichroite, and .. known 
as dichroite-gneiss. 


Dichroitic (deikrojitik), a. [f. prec. + -10.] 
Of, or of the nature of dichroite; characterized by 
dichroism ; dichroic. 

183 Brewster Newton (1855) I. viii. rg0 The relation of 
the colours of dichroitic crystals to their axes of double 
refraction. 1855 J. D. Forses Tour Mt. Blanc xi. 248 By 
transmitted light it is dichroitic—brown orange in one 
direction and bright green in another, 1881 TyNvALL 


Floating-Matter of Air 95 The dichroitic action which — 


produces the colours of the sky. 


| 


827 
Dichromate (doikraum). Chem. [f. D1-2.] 
A double CHroMatE (q.v.), as potassium dichromate 


K,-CrO,-CrO,. (Also d¢chromate.) 

1864 in Wesster. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 71 
Potassic dichromate. 1883 A thenwum 27 Oct. 538/1 [He] 
recommends potassium dichromate as an exceedingly useful 
disinfecting agent. 

Hence Dichro‘mated ///. a., treated with a di- 
chromate. 

1890 Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 178 The insolubility of 
dichromated gelatine. 

Dichromatic (doikrome'tik), a. [f. Gr. &- 
two + xpaparixds of or relating to colour, f. xp@pa 
colour.] Having or showing two colours; sfec. of 
animals: Presenting, in different individuals, two 
different colours or systems of coloration. 

1847 Craic, Dicromatic, 1864in WesstER. 1884 Cours 
Key to N. A. Birds (ed, 2) 504 Plumage dichromatic in some 
cases ; i.e. some individuals of the same species normally 
mottled gray, while others are reddish. 1 G. A. Berry 
Dis. Eye xi. 340 Why in the case of the partially colour-blind 
the absence of the perception of two complementary hues 
should leave the individual only a dichromatic spectrum. 

So Dichro‘matism, the quality or fact of being 
dichromatic. 

1884 Cours Key to N. A. Birds (ed. 2) 656 Remarkable 
differences of plumage in many cases, constituting di- 
chromatism, or permanent normal difference in color. 

Dichromic (daikraumik), a. [f. Gr. S/xpwp-os 
two-coloured (see DicHroMarIc) + -1¢.] 

1. Relating to or including (only) two colours; 
applied, in connexion with the theory of three 
primary colour-sensations, to the vision of colour- 
blind persons including only two of these. 

1854 Fraser's Mag. 1. 559 Such Dichromic visionaries 
must lose a great deal. The harmonies of colour cannot 
touch them, 1881 Le Conte Monoc. Vision 63 Herschel 
regarded normal vision as trichromic, but the vision of 
Dalton as dichromic, the red being wanting. 

2. Exhibiting in different positions or circum- 
stances two different colours ; DicHrotc. 

1877 Mitter & McLeop Elem. Chem. 1. (ed. 6) 179 In 
dichromic media, or solutions which, under certain circum- 
stances, appear to the unaided eye to transmit light of one 
tint, and, under certain other circumstances, to transmit 
light of a different tint. i 

ichronous (dairkrinas), a. [f. late L. dichron- 
us, a. Gr. Bixpov-os of two prosodic quantities, either 
long or short (f. &:-, Di-2 + xpdvos time) + -ovs.] 

1. Gr. and Lat. Prosody, Having two times or 
quantities ; sometimes short and sometimes long. 

In mod. Dicts. 5 : 

2. Bot. ‘Having two periods of growth in the 
year’. Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

Dichroous (dairkrojas), a. [f. Gr. Bixpo-os 
two-coloured + -ous.] Of two colours; dichro- 
matic; dichroic. 

1864 in WessTER; and in mod. Dicts. 

Dichroscope (daikrojskoup), Also dichroi- 
scope, dichrodscope. [f. Gr. dixpo-os two- 
coloured + -oxor-os observing. 

(The etymologically regular form is dichrodscope, but 
dichroscope is more convenient.)] 

Aninstrumentfor observing or testing the dichroism 
of crystals, ete. Hence Dichrosco‘pic a., of or per- 
taining to a dichroscope. 

1857 Nicuot Cycl. Phys. Sc. (1860) 582 Dichroscopic lens, 
or dichroscope. 1876 Catal. Sci. Appar. S. Kens. § 3469 
Dichroiscope. 1879 Roop Chromatics x. 137 A .. piece of 
apparatus contrived by Dove, for mixing the coloured light 
furnished by stained glass, and called by him a dichrodscope. 
1888 Proc. RK. Geog. Soc. May 273 The ruby..when examined 
by the dichroscope, exhibited two tints. 1890 M. D. Rorns- 
cHitpD Handbk, Prec, Stones 15 When a stone is examined 
by means of the dichroiscope, it will show two images of the 
same hue, or of different hues. 

Dichrotal, -tism, erron. ff. Dicrorat, -TIsM. 

Dicht, etc., Sc. forms of Dict, ete. 

+ Dicible, 54. Philos. Obs. [ad. med.L. dice- 
bilés (Du Cange), f. dicére to say: see -BLE.] That 
which is capable of being said ; a notion or idea 
expressible in words. 

1656 Stantey Hist. Philos. vim. xviii. 40 Dicidle is that 
which consisteth according to rationall phantasy. /d/d., 
Dicibles are notions, that is, vojzata, but not meerly and 
simply notions, .being ready for expression, they are called 


<< les, and pertain to the enunciative faculty of the 
soule. . 


Dicing (doi'sin), vd. sd. [f. Dice v.+-ING1.] 
1. The action or practice of playing or gambling 


| with dice; dice-play. 


1456 How wise man taught Son 6oin Hazl.-£. P,P. 1.171 
Dysyng I the forbede, 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 25 Any 
open .. place for common bowling, dising, carding, closhe, 
tenys, or other unlawfull games. 1550 Crowtey EL pier. 669 
Diceynge hath brought many wealthye menne to care. 
@ 1648 Lv. Hersert Life (1886) 79 The exercises I wholly 
condemn, are dicing and carding. 1 Mrs. CEenrtiivrE 
Busie Body u. i, ‘These eas fellows think old men get 
estates for nothing but them to squander away in dicing. 
1861 M. Pattison /ss. (1889) I, 47 Severer penalties awaited 
drunkenness, dissipation, or dicing. 

2. Book-binding. A method of ornamenting lea- 
ther in squares or diamonds: see Dick v, 3 b. 

Done originally,by ruling with a blunt awl or edging-tool ; 
Le Send is imitated by pressure or stamping with a 

lock. 


| 


DICK. 


3. attrib, and Comb. (in sense 1), as dicing-board, 
-box, -chamber, -money, -table. 

1571 Wills § Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 366 A round dys- 
senge table. x T. B. La Primaud, Fr. Acad. 1. 128 
[Thou] dost set downe as it were ona dicing boord in the 
hazard of one houre, both thy kingdome and life. 1586 
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 44 It was in an Inne .- in 
a dicing Chamber. a 1634 RanpotpH Muses’ Looking-Gl. 1. 
iv, A niggard churl Hoarding up dicing-moneys for his son. 
1655 Mra. Worcester Cent. Inv. § go A most dexterous 
Dicing Box .. that with a knock... the four good Dice are 
fastened, and it looseneth four false Dice. 


Di‘cing, #//. a. 
with dice. 

1884 H. D. Trattt Coleridge iii. 54 The skeleton ship, 
with the dicing demons on its deck [Anc. Mar. m1. xii.] 

+ Dicing-house. Ovs. [f. Dicine zé/. s/.] 
A house for dice-play ; a gambling-house. 

1549 LatiMER 6¢h Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 161 Dysynge 
howses also..where yong Gentlemenne dyse away their 
thrifte. 1555 Act 2-3 PAI. § M.c. 9 Every Licence .. for 
the having. .of any Bowling-Allies, Dicing-houses, or other 
unlawful Games. — 1649 Mitton £ikon, iii. (1851) 357 The 
spawn and shiprack of ‘Taverns and Dicing Houses. 1660 
Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. 1. 470 (L.) The public peace 
cannot be kept where public dicing-houses are permitted. 


[f. as prec. + -ING*.] Playing 


_ Dicion, var. Dirton, Ods., dominion. 


Dick (dik), sd. [A playful alteration of Aic-, 
contraction of Norman Fr, and Anglo-Norman 
Ricard, L. Kicardus = Richard.) 

1. A familiar pet-form of the common Christian 
name Aichard, Hence generically (like Jack) = 
fellow, lad, man, especially with alliterating ad- 
jectives, as desperate, dainty, dapper, dirty. 

Tom, Dick, and Harry: any three (or more) representatives 
of the populace taken at random. 

1553 1’. WiLson 2 het. (1580) 192 Desperate Dickes borowes 
now and then against the owners will all that ever he hath. 
1581 Stup.ey Agamemnon 1, Whom with the dint of 
glittering sword Achilles durst not harme, Although his 
rash and desperat dickes the froward Knight did arme. 1588 
Suaks. Z. LZ. L. v. ii. 464 Some Dick That smiles his cheeke 
in yeares, and knowes the trick ‘To make my Lady laugh. 
1589 Marprel, Epit. FE, The desperat Dicks, which you .. 
affirm to be good bishops. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier in 
Harl. Misc, (Mahh.) 11. 227 A braue dapper Dicke, quaintly 
attired in veluet and sattin. 1822 Gaur Sir. A. Wylie I. 
viii.75 He’s a gone dick, adead man. 1864 Standard 13 Dec. 
Review Slang Dict, (Farmer), [He] replied, ‘Oh yes, in the 
reign of queen dick’, which, on inquiry we found to be 
synonymous with ‘Never’, or ‘ ‘Tib’s eve’. 1891 Dazly News 
17 Nov. 2/4 The only bears still extant are the Tom, Dick, 
and Harry of the Bourses, 

b. Rarely applied to a female. 

1814 Watch-house U1. i, It’s all over wi’ you, madam; 
ye’re a gone dick: ye hear he’s confessing. 

2. dial. or local. (See quots.) 

1847-78 Hatuiwet, Dick, a kind of hard cheese. Suffolk. 
1883 A dinondbury & Huddersfield Gloss., Dick, plain pud- 
ding. If with treacle sauce, treacle dick. Mod. ‘ Spotted 
dick’, currant or raisin pudding. 

3. slang. A riding whip. 

1873 Slang Dict., Dick, a riding whip; gold-headed dick, 
one so ornamented, 1891 Farmer Slang, Dick, 2. (coach- 
man’s) a riding whip. : z 

4. Phr. and Comb, (dial. or local.) Dichk-a-dil- 
ver, the periwinkle. Dzck-a-7uesday, a will-o’- 
the-wisp. Dzck-ass, a jack-ass. Dichk-dunnock, a 
local name of the hedge-sparrow. Long-datled Dick, 
the long-tailed titmouse. 

1636 Sampson Vow Breaker (N.), Ghosts, hobgoblins, 
Will-with-wispe, or Dick-a-Tuesday. a@ 1825 Forny Voc. FE. 
Anglia, Dick-a-dilver, the herb periwinkle... .It is so called 
from its rooting (delving) at every joint, and spreading 
itself far and wide. 1832 Cor. P. Hawker Déavy (1893) I. 
47 Found in the garden the nest of a ‘long-tailed Dick’, 
with 3 eggs. 1847-78 HatiiwetL, Dickass, a jack-ass, 
North. lbid., Diet sueiiay, the ignis fatuus. 

Dick, 52.2 da/. [Perh., like prec., merely an 
arbitrary application of the proper name Lick; 
but a possible connexion with Du. des ‘covering, 
cover, horse-cloth’ has been suggested. Cf. Dicky 
sb. TII.] A leather apron, 

1847-78 HatiiwELt, Dick, a leather apron and bib, worn 
by poor children in the North. 1883 A dmondbury § Hud- 
dersfield Gloss., Dick, a kind of apron such as worn by shoe- 
makers, especially a leather one, which was called a ‘leather 
dick’, 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dick, a leather apron for 
children, 

Dick, 5.3 dal. [Cf. Dikeand Dircn.] a. A 
ditch. b. The bank of a ditch; a dike. 

1736 Pecce Kenticisms, Dick, a ditch. 1787 Marsuatt 
E. Norfolk, Gloss., Dick, the mound or bank of a ditch. 
1875 Sussex Gloss., Dick, aditch. 1893 Mield 25 Feb. 295/t 
Most fences should be on banks with ‘dicks’ where the 
ground requires them. 

Dick, »2.4 slang. Abbreviation of dictionary ; 
hence, ‘Fine language, long words’ (Slang 
Dict). 

1860 Hacisurton (Sam Slick) Season Ticket xii. (Farmer), 
Ah, now you are talking ‘pic.’, exclaimed Peabody, and 
I can’t follow you. 1873 Slang Dict. s.v., A man who uses 
fine words without much judgment is said to have ‘swallowed 
the dick’, 

Dick, s¢.5 slang. [Short for declaration: cf. 
Davy for affidavit.) In phr. To take one’s dick = 
to take one’s declaration. 

1861 D. Cook P. Foster's Dau. xxvi. (Farmer), I'd take 
my dying dick he hasn’t got a writ in his pocket. 1878 


DICK. 
a 

Yates Wrecked in Port 1,1 V'll take my dick I heard old 
Osborne ip Sig 1 

© To this (in the commercial sense of ‘ declara- 
tion’ as to the value of goods) is perhaps to be 
referred the vulgar phrase Up to dick: as adj. up to 
the proper standard, excellent, ‘ proper’; as ado. 
properly, suitably, fittingly. 

(It has however been referred by some to Dick sbA) 

1871 Daily News 7 Sept., The capital of the West is up 
to dick in the matter of lunches. 187 . Greenwoop Blue 
Blanket (Farmer), ‘ Ain't that up to dick, my biffin?’ 1877 
Punch 10 11/1. é 

+ Dicken. Oés. or dial. Some water-bird. 

1579 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie § Soule i. xiv. 26 Snipe, 
cali , Dicken, Poppel, Bitter, Hearon white and gray. : 

mg (dikénz). slang or collog. Also 7-8 
dickins, 8-9 dickons, 9 dickings. 

[App. substituted for ‘devil’, as having the same initial 
Pend It has been suggested to be worn down from dezil- 
kin or deilkin, but no evidence of this has been found, Dickin 
or Dickon, dim. of Dick (cf. Wilkin, Watkin, Yankin or 
Fenkin, Simkin) was in use long before the earliest known 
instance of this, and Dickens as a surname was probably 
also already in existence.] 


The deuce, the devil. a. Zhe dickens! (formerly 


also a dickens!) an interjectional exclamation ex- 


pressing astonishment, impatience, irritation, etc. ; 
usually with interrogative words, as what, where, 
how, why, etc. (Cf. Deuce, DEVIL.) 

1598 Suaks. Merry W. un. ii. 19, I cannot tell what (the 
dickens) his name is. 1600 Heywoop 1 Edw. /1’, in. Wks. 
1874 I. 40 What the dickens? is it loue that makes ye prate 
to me so fondly? 1676 D’Urrey Mad. Fickle 1. i, Oh have 


I found you at last? I wonder where the Dickins you | 


ramble! | 1687 Concreve Old Bach. 1. i, What, a dickens, 
does he mean by a trivial sum? 1728 Vanpr. & Cis. /’ro7. 
Husb, w. i. 72 The dickens! has the Rogue of a Count 
play'd us another Trick then? 1794 Wotcortrt (P. Pindar) 
Rowl. for Oliver Wks, 11. 308 Then what a dickens can I 
do or say? 1842 S. C. Hatt /redand Il. 402 Why the 
dickons don't you let us serve them all out at once? 

b. in imprecations, as the dickens take you!; 
also in phr. 40 go to the dickens, to go to ruin or 
perdition ; 0 play the dickens, to cause mischief or 
havoc. 

1653 Urqunart Radelais 1. Prol., Hearken joltheads .. or 
dickens take ye. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Dickins, a corrup- 
tion of Devilkins, i. little Devils; as tis usually said, the 
Dickens take you. 1771 SMottett Hmph. Cl.3 June e4 He 
[the lion) would roar, and tear, and play the dickens. 1831 
Moore S1wonmer Féte 822 Like those Goths who played the 
dickens With Rome and all her sacred chickens. 1861 SALA 
Dutch Pict. xiii. 199 They played the very dickens with 
Doctor Pantologos. 1877 Biack Green Past. xiii. (1878) 336 
Business went to the dickens. 

¢. as a strong negative (=DEvIL 21). 

1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xxiii, The dickings a mind he 
minded the market. 1884 /?/ustr. Lond. News Christm. 
No. 19/3 ‘ The dickens you are’, thought Fred. 

Dickensian (dikenzian), @. Of or pertaining 
to the English novelist Charles Dickens (died 
1870), or his style. So Dickense’sque (Dicken- 
esque), Dickensish, Dickensy (Dickeny ), a//s. 
(All more or less nonce-wds.) 

1856 Sat. Rev. 11. 196/1 A Dickenesque description of an 
execution. 1880 A thenxum 25 Sept. 399/2 The Dickenesque 
portion .. is poor beside its prototype. 1881 //:. 19 Mar. 

90/3 He [Bret Harte] has a touch of Dickens in his style. . 
he observes with a Dickensian eye. 1885 /did. 17 Oct. 503 
His is a Dickensesque manner, but he has not the local 
knowledge nor humour of his master. 1886 Century Mag. 
XXXII. 937 My ideas of London were. .preeminently 
Dickeny. 1890 Spectator 30 Aug. 281 Disraeli never de 


Dicker (ditko1), 56.1 Forms: a. 4-5 dyker, 
5-6 dycker, 6 deker, diker, -ar, dickar, dikkar, 
7 dicar, 6-dicker. 8. 6- dacre, daker, (6 daiker, 
dakir, 8 dakker). [The form dicker, ME. dyker, 
etc., with the latinized forms dicora, dikera, dicra, 
point to an OE. *dicor, corresponding to MLG. 
déker, MUG. decher, techer, mod.G. decher, LG. 
dickr (Westphal.), d#kr (Pomerania), Icel. dekr, 
Da. deger, Sw. dacker; all evidently from a 
WGer. *decura, *decora, ad. L. decuria, a company 
or lof ten: cf. OE. sicor for L. securis, This 
WGer. form must be the source of the med.L. 
decora, decara, dicara, dacora (Du Cange), and of 
the OF. dacre, dakere, and corresp. med.L. dacra, 
dacrum, whence the Sc. and northern forms in 8, 

The word has been used from ancient times in the reckon- 
ing of skins or hides; a letter of the Roman Em 
Valerian (a. p. 253-260) preserved by Trebellius Pollio, ahecn 
Zozimion, procurator of Syria, to furnish to Claudius, among 
other supplies, ‘ pellium tentoriarum decurias triginta’, i.e. 
30 dickers of skins for tents. Kluge points out that the 
early adoption of the Latin word by the Germans is ex- 
plained by the tribute of skins which the latter had to pay 
to the Romans (Tacitus Aw. iv. 72), as well as by the fact 
that skins formed a leading item in the frontier trade between 
the Romans and the northern barbarians, as they have in 
the traffic between white men and the Indians in North 
America in modern times (see Dicker .).] 

‘The number of ten; half a score; being the cus- 
tomary unit of exchange in dealing in certain articles, 


328 
Se et Sn) erat 


Its use in the skin trade appears to be the only one in 
continental languages; in English it has been ded to 


DICKY. 


I. As applied to persons. 
? ‘Newt’ (See uot.) 
1867 SMyTH Satlor! 's Word-bk., Dickey, an officer acting in 


some other goods; the dicker (dicra or dacra) of iron in 
Domesday is ag ey oom to have been ten rods, each 
sufficient to make two -shoes. 

a, [1086 Domesday 1. lf. 162a, 1.R. EB. reddebat civitas de 
Glowecestre. .. xxxvi. d icras ferri, 1275 Placita in Curiis 
Magnaj. Angliz, Per iij diker’ de corlis bovinis.] 1266- 
1307 Assisa de Pond. et Mensur. (Stat. Realm 1. 205), Item 
Last Coriorum ex xx Dykeres, et quodlibet Dacre constat 
ex x coreiis. Item Dacre Cirotecarum ex x paribus. Pp Dacre 
vero ferrorum equorum [viginti] ferris. Zransi. ex Lib. 
Horw. Lond. \f. 123 A Last of Leather doth consist of 
Twenty Diker, and every Diker consisteth of Ten Skins. 
And a Diker of Gloves consisteth of Ten Pair of Gloves. 
Item a Diker of Horse-shoes doth consist of (Ten v. 7 
twenty] Shoes. 1428 /V/7l/ of Tanner (Somerset Ho.), j dyker 
de Rigges ct neckes. 1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 384 Payinge 
for the custome of euery dyker jd. 1526 7o//s in Dillon 
Calais & Pole (1892) 81 A dycker of hydes tanned, ten 
hydes a dyker. 1 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 14 § 1 Two 
persons .. nombre all suche lether by the hide, accomptinge 
ten hides to the deker. 1553-54 Trinity Col?. Accts. in Willis 
& Clark Cambridge (1886) 111. 610 It’ to John Barbour for 
a dikkar of knives. 1579 in Wadley Bristol Wills (1886) 227 
Fower diker of Rawe leather. 1679 BLount Anc. Tenures 

A Dicar of Iron contained ten Barrs. ais Lond, Gaz. 
No. 2661/4 Also 16 Dickers of Butts in the Fatts near 
Tanned. 1799 S. Freeman own Of. 146 The sealer of 
leather’s fee shall be 6¢. per dicker. 1812 J. Swytu Pract. 
of Customs (1821) 51 Bracelets, or necklaces, of Glass. The 
Gross to contain 12 Bundles or Dickers, and each Bundle 
or Dicker being 10 Necklaces. 1835 P. Ketty Universal 
Cambist 11. Index, Dicker, or dacre of leather, 10 hides ; of 
necklaces, 10 bundles, each bundle ten necklaces. 

B. [1286 in Rogers Agric. & Prices II. 458/3 (Iron & 
Steel). ©1300 F/efa u1. xii. § 4 (Jam.) Item lastus coriorum 
consistit ex decim dakris, & quodlibet dacrum ex decim 
coriis .. Dacrum vero ferrorum equorum ex viginti ferris.] 
1531 Aberdeen Burgh Rec. xm, 248 ‘The dakir of hidis. 
1548 Mills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees) 130, ij daker off lether off 
daker wayre iij!. vj*. viij'. 1588 I/7/ of Willison (Somer- 
set Ho.), Dacre of leather. 1609 Skene Keg. Maj. Stat. of 
Gild 147 In halfe ane daker of hydes. 1738 in Cramond 
Ann. Banff (1891) 1. 206 For each dakker of leather freemen 
shall pay 3s. 4@. 1835 (see a.) Dacre. 

+b. ¢ransf. A considerable number ; a ot" a 
‘heap’. Ods. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia im. 


(1622) 393 Behold, said Pas, a 
whole dicker of wit. 1 


Nasue Saffron Walden 2 Such 
a huge dicker of Dickes in a heape altogether. 1602 Nar- 
cissus (1893) 686 On my love kisses I heape a dicker. 1641 

seatuwait Engl. Intelligencer 1, Newes, Althea, I have a 
whole dicker of newes for thee. 1676 Marvett Mr. Smirke 
33 But if the Dean foresee that 'tis a very vendible Book, 
he .. sends up for a whole Dicker of ‘em to retaile. 

Dicker (di‘ka1), 54.2. U.S. [f. Dicker v.] The 
action or practice of dickering ; barter; petty bar- 
gaining. 

1823 J. F. Coorer Pioneer xiv. (1869) 61/1 You have sold 
your betterments. Was it cash or dicker ? 1856 WHITTIER 
Vanorama 270 Selfish thrift and party held the scales For 
peddling dicker, not for honest sales, 1888 4’. 1. Weekly 
Times 2% Mar. (Farmer A mer.), Considering the advisability 
of making a dicker with his old political opponents. 

Dicker, v. (5. [?f. Dicker 56.1 

Quotation 1848 refers to the barter traffic on the Indian 
frontier in N. America. As skins have always formed a 
chief item in that trade, it has been suggested with much 
probability that the verb arose, in the sense ‘to deal Ys the 
dicker, to deal in skins’, among the traders with the In jans, 
end has thence extended in U. S. to trade by barter gener- 
ally. If this be the fact, it is interesting that a word which 
passed from Latin into Germanic in special connexion with 
dealing in skins, and which has ever since in Europe been 
associated with this trade (see Dicker sé.'), should, in 
America, through similar dealings between a civilized and 
uncivilized race, have received another development of use.} 

intr. To trade#by barter or exchange ; to truck ; 
to bargain in a petty way, to haggle. b. vans. 
To barter, exchange. Hence Dickering whl. sh. ; 
also Dickerer, one who dickers. 

1845 J.'I. Heaptry Lett, fr, /taly xx. 99, 1 had acquired 
quite a reputation in dickering with the thieving Italian 
landlords and vetturini. 1848 J. F. Cooper Oak Opening 
Ciartiet), The white men who penetrated to the semi-wilds 
fof the West] were always ready to dicker and to swap. 
1864 Sata in Daily Tel. 7 July, The required needle was 
dickered for the egg, and the Yankee was going away, 1888 
Bryce Amer. Commw. U1. m. lxiii. 457 By a process of 
dickering (i.e. bargaining by way of barter). .a list is settled 
on which the high contracting parties agree. 1891 GoLpw. 
Smiru Canadian Question, Government, in the persons 
the Parliamentary heads of departments, is on the stump, 
or dickering for votes. 1891 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 
2 Apr., Bargains that would do credit to London East End 


dickerers. 

Dickinsonite (dikinsonoi:t). Min. [Named 
1878 after the Rev. J. Dickinson : see -ITE. A hy- 
drous phosphate of manganese, calcium, and sodium, 
usually micaceous in structure and green in colour. 

1878 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. m. XVI. 115 Distinct crystals 
of dickinsonite are not al a jae da i, 

dickey (di'ki’, sd. co/log., 
dial” Miso dickie. [The senses here included 
may belong to two or more words of distinct origin. 
Some of them are evidently es of Dicky, 
dim. of Dick (cf. Tommy, Willy, Bobby, ete.) ; 
another group is probably closely related to Dick 
sb.2 3 of others the relationship is obscure. 

Many other applications of ‘dicky’ may be found in the 
dialect and slang dictionaries] 


IL. As a name applied to animals. 
2. A donkey; properly, a he-ass. 
First noted in’ East Anglia and Essex, now widely known. 
1793 Gentl. Mag. 1. 1083. A Donky, or a Dicky. An ass. 
Essex and Suffc Moorr Fudge Fam. Paris u. 25 
When gravely sitting Upon my dickey. @ Forsy Voc. 
E. Anglia, Dicky-ass, a male ass; the female being usually 


called a Jenny ass, or a Betty ass. E. FirzGeratp 
Lett. (1889) 1. 388 About Sancho’s stolen Dicky. 
attrib, 1801 Bioomrietp Rural 7., Richard & Kate 


(1802) 8 Time to begin the Dicky Races, More fam’d for 
laughter than for speed. 1883 Jessorr in 19¢/ Cent. Oct. 602 
Ridin’ in a dickey cart’s enow for hi me. 

3. A small bird (also Dicky-BiRD). a. A tame 
(caged) bird. b. dial. The beter pesun 

1851 Florist Nov., There was .. dicky’s cage on its old 
nail, 1868 Daily Jel. 29 May, We should not like to trust 
a canary bird near the picture. Mr. Radford’s monk would 
surely spring from the canvas ..and crunch the dickey to 
splinters. 1878 Cumbia. Gloss., Dickey, the hedge-s; Wy, 
Accentor modularis, 1881 Brack Beautiful retch 
xviii, (Farmer), ‘The dicky-laggers are after them too.’ 
“The what?’ ‘The bird-catchers, Miss.’ Swatnson 
Prov. Names Birds 29 Hedge Sparrow .. Dickie (Lanca- 
shire)... Blue dickie (Renfrew). | Kentish Gloss., Dicky- 
hedge-poker, a hedge-sparrow, 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dicky- 
dunnock, the hedge-sparrow, 

II. As a name of articles of clothing: cf. 
Dick sh.2 

+4. An under petticoat. Ods. 

1753 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 231 With fringes of knot- 
ting your Hickey cabod [?cabob], On —— velvet, set 
gold ala-daube. 1787 M/inor 1. 99 Of all her splendid ap- 
fered not a wreck remained..save her flannel dicky. 1800 

Votcott (P. Pindar) Ld. Auckland's Tri. Wks. 1812 IV. 
311 The hips ashamed forsooth to wear a dicky. 1847-78 
Hauuwett, Dicky, a woman's under-petticoat. 

+5. A worn-out shirt. (Obs. slang.) 

1781 G. Parker View of Society 1. 82 note (Farmer), Dickey, 
cant for a worn-out shirt. 

6. A detached shirt-front. 

1811 Lex. Balatronicum, Dickey, a sham shirt. 1843 
THackeray Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 29 If not a shirt- 
collar at least a false collar, or by possibility a dicky. 1848 
— Bk. Snobs xxvii, Wretched Beaux .. who sport a_lace 
dickey. 1886 Barinc-Goutp Court Royaé I. vi. 87 Paper 
collars, cuffs, and dickies. 1889 J. M. Barrie Window in 
Thrums iii, ‘Come awa doon ., an’ put ona clean dickey.’ 

7. A shirt collar. (Mew England.) 

1858 HoLtanp Jitcomd’s Lett. iii. 36 A beautiful cravat, 
sustaining a faultless dicky. 1864 Lowett Biglow P. Poems 
1890 11. 283. 1864 THoREAU Cafe Cod vi. (1894) 130 Cockles 
. Jooking.. like a flaring dickey made of sand-paper. 1887 
M. E. Witkins Humble Romance, etc. (1891) 50 David Em- 
mens, arrayed in his best clothes, with his stiff white dickey. 

8. A covering worn to protect the dress or upper 
part of it during work, etc. ; variously applied (ac- 
cording to time and place) to a. A leather apron or 
pinafore. b. A child’s bib. ¢. A ‘slop’ or loose 
over-jacket of coarse linen coming down to the waist, 
worn by workmen in the north, d. An oil-skin suit. 

1847-78 HAviiwet, Dicky. .acommon leather apron 1879 
Cumbld, Gloss. — Dicky, a short upper nt of 
coarse linen till lately worn by working men. Mrs C. 
Garnett in Sunday Mag. Dec. 751/2 To the +. we 
walked to be arrayed in our dickies. 

IV. In other applications. 

9. The seat ina carriage on which the driver sits. 
(Also dicky-box.) b. A seat at the back of a 
carriage for servants, ete., or of a mail-coach for 


the guard. 


VII. 5 The style which has cl 
1806 


on the box, and on_returning to the Sor discovered 
the robbery. ee Juan xu. xivii, valet mounts 
the dickey. hackney cabriolet 
. three were sq/ into it besides the driver, who 
sat..in his own —— little dickey at the side. _ 1862 
SALA Seven Sons 1 iv.72 He had seen him .. in the dick 
of a phaeton. 1886 Ruskin Preterita 1. vi. 185 We carried 
our courier behind us in the dickey with Anne. : 

10. Comd.: dicky-box (see go: dicky-daisy 
(local), % nursery name for common daisy 
(Bellis perennis), also ar to other wild flowers ; 
dicky dilver, a local name of the periwinkle 
(Britten & Holl.) = dick-a-dilver (Dick sh) ; 
Dicky Sam [understood to be a corruption of Dick, 
o’Sam’s, an example of the form of 
patronymic], a name for a Liverpool man. 
a Atanas 2 Seats We —— guess yA 

iverpool a Dick . Book 
Dec. 27 (Farmer The aT oe Laced Fh 
re ot y Sams, 
“D dickey. a. slang or collog. [Etymol. 


Dicky 
~not ascertained. ] OF inferior quality, sorry, poor; 


fatal oe eae Dicky. ena 
1812 J. H. Vaux ..very bad or palt 

any ihon of an_ inferior quality, is said to be a 

concern, @ 184§ Hoop Conveyancing iv, At last to find Your 


DICKY-BIRD. 


dinner is all dickey, 1883 Standard 8 Jan, 2/4 Without 
doubt Iroquois has been very ‘dickey’ on his pins. 1889 
D. C. Murray Danger. Catspaw 24 The very honestest 
tradesman .. must run the risk of meeting very dicky people 
now and then. 1894 Sir J. D. Asttey My Life I. 312 Poor 
‘Curly’ was uncommon dicky for several days from concus- 
sion of the brain. 

b. Al dichy with: ‘all wp’ or ‘all over’ with. 

1810 Morning Post 26 June in Spirit Pub. Frnis, (1811) 
XIV. 278 At one time he thought it was all dicky with Sir 
Francis. @ 1845 Barua /ugol, Leg., Bros. Birchington x\, 
‘Tis all dickey with poor Father Dick—he’s no more! 1880 
Mrs. Parr Adam & Eve xxxvi. 490 ‘ Ah, poor old Zebedee ! 
«.'tis all dickey with he.’ 

ce. Comb., as dicky-legged. 

1894 Sir J. D. Astiey JZy Life II. 2 The trainer of some 
dicky-legged racer. 

Di-cky-bird, dickey-bird. col/og. [Dicky 
3-] In nursery and familiar speech: A little bird, 
such as a sparrow, robin, or canary-bird. 

ax845 Baruam /ngol. Leg., Knight & Lady, On tree-top 
and spray The dear little dickey-birds carol away. 1852 
R. S. Surtees Sponge’s Sp. Tour \xv, Others take guns and 
pop at all the little dickey-birds that come in their way. 
@ 1869 Kinastey in Life (1879) IT. 41 Gladly would I throw 
up history, to think of nothing but dicky-birds, 1886 J. K. 
Fae ge Idle Thoughts 121 We do not sigh over dead dicky- 

irds with the bailiffs in the house. x 
b. Applied dza/. to particular birds: see quots., 
and cf, Dicky sd. 3. 

1879 Cusmbld. Gloss. Suppl., Dicky-bird, a general name 
foracanary. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 188 Oyster 
Catcher (Hematopus ostrilegus). Dickie bird (Norfolk). 

|| Diclesium (doikli-zidm). Zot. [mod.L., f. 
Gr. &:- twice (Dr- 2) + «Afjots a shutting up, closing.] 
A dry indehiscent fruit consisting of an achene en- 
closed within the indurated base of the adherent 
perianth. 

1857 Henrrey Bot. 1. ii. 140 The Diclesium only differs 
from the utriculus in having the indurated perianth adherent 
to the carpel, and forming part of the shell (A/zradilis, 
Salsola). 

Diclinic (doiklitnik), @ Cryst. [f. Gr. &- two 
+ «div-ew to incline + -10.] Having the lateral axes 
at right angles to each other, but both oblique to the 
vertical axis: applied to a hypothetical system of 
crystals. Also Di-clinate a. 

1864 WessTER cites Dana, 

Diclinism (dai‘kliniz’m). Zot. [mod. f. as next 
+-IsM: in F, diclinésme.] The condition of being 
Diciinovus, 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 920 The arrangements... manifested 
in polygamy, diclinism, dichogamy, dimorphism..are differ- 
ent means for promoring the cross-fertilisation of individuals 
belonging to the same species. 

Diclinous (dei-klinas), a. Bot. [f. F. dicline 
(1793 in Hatz.-Darm.) or Bot.L. Diclines pl. (Jus- 
sieu 1779), f. Gr. &- twice, double (Di-2) + «Ain 
bed, couch : see -ous. 

(A. L, de Jussieu gave the name Diclines irregulares to 
the rsth class of his arrangement of the Natural Orders.)] 

Having the stamens and pistils on separate flowers, 
either on the same plant (monactous),or on separate 
plants (dacious). Also said of the flowers (= uni- 
sexual), 

1830 Linptry Nat, Syst. Bot, Introd. 27 Even Ranuncu- 
lace contain hermaphrodite and diclinous genera. 1876 
Darwin Cross-Fertil. x. 409 All plants which have not since 
been greatly modified, would tentl still to be both diclinous 
and anemophilous. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 7. 270 The 
flowers in all Gymnosperms are diclinous, either dicecious 
or moncecious. 4 : 

Dicoccous (deikg:kes), a. Bot. [f. Di-2+Gr. 
xéne-os grain + -0US.] ‘Splitting into two cocci’ 
(Treas. Bot.) : see Coccus 2. 

1819 Pantologia s.v., Dicoccous, or two-grained capsule. 
1870 BentLey Bot. (ed, 2) 298 The fruit is described as di- 
coccous. 1878 Masters Hen/frey’s Bot, 266 Bruniacez differ 
in their dicoccous fruit. 

Diccelious (dois?lias), a. [f. Di- 2 + Gr. xordi-a 
a hollow +-ovs.] Having two cavities. 

1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I1. 631/2 The diccelious heart of 
Hunter. .exists at a very early period of the developement 
of the Mammiferous fabeye. 

Diceelous (daisfles), a. [f. D1- 2 + Gr. xotd-os 
hollow, «oiAn a hollow +-ous.] =prec.; spec. Of 
a vertebra: Cupped or hollowed at each end. 

1864 WensTER cites Owen. » 

Dicolic (deikdwlik), a Gr. Rhet. and Pros. 
[f. Gr. dixwdros (f. &- twice + “doy limb, clause) 

+-1c.] Consisting of two cola: see CoLon? 1. 

rey D.Goopett in Tvans, Amer. Philol. Ass. XV1.85 
ba t two lines. .resemble the two cola of a Greek dicolic 

ine. 

Dicondylian daikpndi‘lian), a. Zool. [f. Gr. 
dixdvdvA-os double-knuckled (cf. ConDYLE) + -IAN.] 
Of a skull: Having two occipital condyles. 

1883 W. H. Fiower in Zucycl. Brit. XV. 370/2 The Am- 
phibia are the only air-breathin: 
mammals, have a dicondylian sku iD 

Dicotyledon (doikptil@don), Bot. [f. mod. 
Bot.L. dicotyledones (plural), f. Gr. 5:- twice + xorv- 
Aniddv cup-shaped hollow or cavity: see Cory- 
LEDON. 

(The term Dicotyledones was employed by Ray, but its 

ractical introduction into botanical classification dates from 

ussieu 1779.)] 

Vou. III, 


Vertebrata which, like - 


829 


A flowering plant having two cotyledons or seed- | var. spelling of dit. 


lobes: the Dicotyledons (in Bot.Lat. Dzcotyledones) 
constitute one of the great classes of flowering 
plants, characterized by an exogenous mode of 
growth (hence also called ExocEns), and usually 
by having the parts of the flower in fives or fours, 
and the veins of the leaves reticulated. 

[1703 Ray Methodus Plant, (ed. 2) 1 Floriferas dividemus 
in Dicotyledones, quarum semina sata binis foliis anomalis, 
Seminalibus dictis, que Cotyledonum usum prestant, & 
terra exeunt.] 1727 Baitey vol. II, Décotyledon (with Bo- 
tanists), a Term used of Plants, which spring with two 
Seed Leaves opposite to each other, as the generality of 
Plants have. 1830 Linptry Nat. Syst. Bot. Introd. 15 ‘Two 
great divisions.. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. 1839 
Penny Cycl. XIII. 157 In his ‘Genera Plantarum’ Jussieu 
divided the vegetable kingdom into classes, subclasses, 
orders, and genera .. hence his classes Acotyedons, Mono- 
cotyledons, and Dicotyledons. 1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ 
Bot. u. v. 564 In the great majority of Dicotyledons the 
parts of the flower are arranged in whorls .. the whorls are 
usually pentamerous, less often tetramerous. 

Dicotyledonary (dai:kptil7donari), a. rare. 
[f. prec. +-aRy 2.] =next. 

1870 in Eng. Mech. 11 Mar. 629/2 The seeds have .. four 
or more cotyledons instead of the usual dicotyledonary 
structure, z F a 

Dicotyledonous (doi:kptilZdénas), a. [f. as 
prec.+ -ous.] Having two cotyledons; belonging 
to the class of Dicotyledons. 

1794 Martyn Rowssean's Bot. xiii, 131 The body of the 
seed does not split into two lobes, but continues entire. 
Such plants are called szonocotyledonous, the others dicoty- 
ledonous. 1845 LinpLey Sch. Bot. (1858) i. 19 If the embryo 
has two cotyledons it is called dicotyledonous, as in the Bean. 
1861 Miss Prarr Flower. Pl. 1. 13 Dicotyledonous plants 
have a distinct deposition of pith, cellular tissue, spiral ves- 
sels, wood, and bark. 1872 H. Macmittan 7rve Vine iii. 
87 Its dicotyledonous seed expands in germinating into two 
lobes. 1872 Oxiver Elem. Bot. 1. iv. 46 The Buttercup is 
dicotyledonous .. the character expressed by this term (the 
possession of a pair of cotyledons, or, more strictly, the simple 
fact that the first leaves of the plant are opposite). 

b. Of or belonging to a dicotyledonous plant. 

1870 BentLey Bot. 39 In the inner bark or liber of Dicoty- 
ledonous stems. 1876 Pace Adv. Text-bh. Geol. ix. 185 The 
reticulated venation of a dicotyledonous leaf. 

Dicres, obs. Sc. form of DECREASE. 

Dicrotal (daikratal), a. [f. as next + -aL.] 
-=next, F 

1867 J. Marsuatt Phys. II. 237 A subsidiary wave occurs 
after the principal one, producing the phenomena named 
dichrotism or the dichrotal pulse. 

Dicrotic (daikrptik), a. Phys. and Path. [f. 
Gr. dixpor-os double-beating (f. &- twice + «pdr-os 
rattling noise, beat) +-1c: in mod.F. dicrote, med. 
or mod.L. dicrotis.] 

Of the pulse (or a sphygmographic tracing of its 
motion): Exhibiting a double beat or wave for 
each beat of the heart; applied esg. to a patholo- 
gical pulse in which the secondary wave which 
follows the primary is more marked than usual. 

(Etymologically ‘ dicrotic’ might be applied to any double- 
beating pulse, whether the secondary wave occurs in the 
rise or in the fall of the main wave; it is, in use, restricted 
to the latter case, the former being called Anacroric.) 

(1706 Puivuirs (ed. Kersey), Dicrotus, a Pulse that beats 
twice. (Soin Battey; in AsH aicrofos). 1741 Jas. NIHELL 
Crises of the Pulse 1 The Pulsus Dicrotus of the Ancients, 
which in English may be properly called the Rebounding 
Pulse.) 181x Hoorer Med. Dict., Dicrotic, a term given 
to a pulse in which the artery rebounds after striking, so 
as to convey the sensation of a double pulsation. 1822 
Goon Stud. Med. 11. 26 When .. we come to a distinction 
between the free and dilated pulse..the quick and the fre- 
quent .. the dicrotic, coturnising, and inciduous .. proposed 
by Solano, as mere subvarieties of the rebounding, or re- 
doubling. 1857 Dunctison Med. Dict. 772 Pulse, dicrotic 
.. that in which the finger is struck twice at each pulsation, 
once lightly, the other time more strongly. 1865 New Syd. 
Soc. Vear-bk. Med. 11 On the other hand, increase in the 
heart’s force ., makes the pulse dicrotic. 1875 H.C. Woop 
Therap. (1879) 140 Some of his sphygmographic tracings are 
markedly dicrotic. : , 

b. Of or pertaining to a dicrotic pulse or tracing, 
as a dicrotic notch, or wave. 

wg dr Syd. Soc. Retrospect Med. 149 The correspond- 
ence between the depth of the dicrotic notch and the severity 
of the pyrexia, 1878 Foster Phys. 1. iv. § 3.137 The dicrotic 
wave occurring towards the end of the descent. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., Dicrotic wave, a secondary wave which follows 
more or less quickly the primary wave of the pulse in sphyg- 
mographic tracings. . 

Dicrotism (dei-krétiz’m). [f. as prec. +-18M.] 
The condition of being dicrotic. 

1864 New Syd. Soc. Year-bk. 121 Duchek .. contends that 
dicrotism of the pulse is in no way dependent on the heart 
or great vessels, 1867 J. Marsuatt Phys. II. 236 When the 
pulse is very accurately examined, a subsidiary wave occurs 
after the principal one, producing the phenomena named 
dichrotism. 1875 H.C. Woop Therap. (1879) 139 Decided 
therapeutic doses of digitalis .. produce great reduction and 
sometimes dicrotism of the pulse. . 

Dicrotous (dai-krétas), a. [f. F. dicrote, Gr. 
dixpot-os (see DIcROTIC) +-oUS.] =Drcroric. 

1867 New Syd. Soc. Retrospect Med, 165 At the one extreme 
..lies the paralytic pulse, at the other the fully developed 
dicrotous pulse. 1877 Roserts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 21 
The aortic wave prominent, the pulse is called dicrotous. 

Dict (dikt), sd. Obs. or arch. ees L. dictum, 
a saying, a word, f. dicéve to say: cf. also OF. dict, 


DICTATE. 


(OE. had adzht from same 
source.)] A saying or maxim. 

1388 Wycuir Pro. x. 34 Grostede declarith wel this in his 
dicte. 1460 CapGRAVE Chron. 153 Robert Grostede..mad 
eke a noble book thei clepe his Dictes. 1477 Eart Rivers 
(Caxton) Dictes 2 Vhe saynges or dictis of the philosophers. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 1121 He had in his dictes grete 
obscurete and profoundnes. a 1536 Cadisto & Ale. in Hazl. 
Dodsley 1. 53 According to their dicts rehearsed. 1860 
Reape Cloister § H.xxxvi, The old dict was true after all. 

Dict, v. Ods. or arch, [f. L. dictare to Dictate.) 
trans. ‘To put into words ; to dictate. ; 

a 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law Pref, (1636) 4 The 
concordance between the lawes penn’d, and as it were dicted 
verbatim. 1642 R. Batu Lett. 796, | have dicted already 
my primiel lesson .. L hope to dict before June a little com- 
pend of the chief controversies. 1860 READE Cloister & H/. 
Ixii, Dict to me just what you would say to him. 

Dicta, pl. of Dicrum. 

Dictam, -amen, -amne, obs. ff. Dirrany. 

Dicta‘men. ? Ods. [a. late and med.L. dc- 
tamen, pl. dictamina, saying, precept, decree, f. dic- 
tare to prescribe, dictate.] Dictate, pronouncement. 

1626 C. More Life Sir 7’, More (1828) 131 The true dic- 
tamen of his conscience. 1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot... 
Answ. Pref. § 27 All Protestants according to the Dictamen 
of their Religion should doe so. 1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. 
(1834) 276 He will regulate his conscience by the .. true 
dictamen of reason. 1787 Hawkins Yohnson 67 All the 
world knows that the Essay of Man was composed from the 
dictamen of Lord Bolingbroke. 1826 Blachw. Mag. XX. 
223 The business of the echo..to repeat the dictamina of 
his master. 

+ Dictament. Oés. [ad. assumed L. *dicta- 
ment-um, {, dictire to pronounce, DICTATE: see 
prec. and -MENT.] a. Diction. b. A dictate. 

1872 Knox //ist. Ref. Wks, (1846) I. 8 We translait ac- 
cording to the barbarousnes of thair Latine and dictament. 
1644 Dicny Nat. Bodies 1. xviii. (1645) 198 Sense is not easily 
quieted with such Metaphysicall contemplations, that seem 
to repugne against her dictaments. 1652 tr. Cassandra m1. 
5 To follow the Dictaments of an Inclination that already 

egan to be powerfull. 

Dictate (diktét), sd. [ad. L. déctat-wm ‘thing 
dictated’, subst. use of neuter pa. pple. of dzctare 
to dictate (see next); in Lat. usually in pl. déctata 
things dictated, lessons, rules, precepts, dictates. ] 

+1. That which is orally expressed or uttered in 
order to be written down ; a dictated utterance. 

1617 MinsuEu Ductor in Ling., Dictates or lessons which 
the master enditeth for his schollers to write. 1621 Burton 
Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1651) 12 Six or seven Amanu- 
enses to write out his dictats. 169 tr. Evzlianne’s Obs. 
Journ. Naples 21 They are not made to Write, that is, to 
take Dictates. 1807 Crappe Libyary 74 Skill and power to 
send, The heart’s warm dictates to the distant friend. 1826 
(z7t/e), Dictates, or Selections in Prose and Verse for dic- 
tating as exercises in Orthography. 

+b. The action of dictating; Dicration. Ods. 

1642 Jer. Taytor Efiscopacie xxiii. 132 Many were actually 
there long after S. Pauls dictate of the Epistle. 1678 Lively 
Orac. ii. § 41 Said to have wrote by dictat from him, as 
Mark did from Saint Peter. 

+2. An authoritative utterance or pronounce- 
ment; a Dictum. Obs. 

1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. xxii. 41 It was the Philo- 
sophers dictate. 1651 C. Cartwricut Cert. Relig. 1. 164 
According to the late Roman dictates. 1728 Nrwron 
Chronol, Amended 19 This gives a beginning to Oracles in 
Greece : and by their dictates the Worship of the Dead is 
every where introduced. , 

+b. A saying commonly received; a current 
saying, a maxim. Ods. 

1650 Hogses De Corp. Pol. 37 This Rule is very well 
known and expressed in this Old Dictate, Quod tibi fier? 
non vis, alteri ne feceris, 1682 Six ‘T. Browne Chr. Mor. 
mt. § rr If, according to old dictates, no man can be said to 
be happy before death [ete.]. 

38. An authoritative direction delivered in words ; 
an order given by one in authority. 

1618 Donne Sevmz. cxxxiii. V. 387 A faithful executing of 
his commission and speaking according to his Dictate. 1645 
Wituer Vox Paci. 3 By Gods immediate dictates, I indite. 
1651 Baxter /nf. Bapt. 42 Themselves give us but their 
Magisteriall Dictates. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 95 P 9, 
I could not receive such dictates without horror. 1876 
Mozey Univ. Serm. i. 12 They speak at the dictate of 
a higher power, whose word is law. Aare 

b. Often applied to the authoritative words or 
monitions of a written law, of scripture or revela- 
tion, and to those attributed to or derived from 
inspiration, conscience, reason, nature, experience, 
self-interest, and other ruling or actuating prin- 
ciples. 

1594 Hooxer Zecc?. Pol. 1. vii. (1597) 60 The lawes of well 
doing are the dictates of right reason, 1644 BuLwer Chiron. 
137 He might have followed the dictate of his owne Genius. 
1656 BraMHALL Reféic. i. 56 Contrary to the dictate of his 
conscience. 1 Bentiey Boyle Lect. Serm, ix. 315 He 
should constantly adhere to the dictates of Reason and 
Nature. 178r Gipson Decd. § F. II. xliv. 659 Every man 
will obey the dictates of his interest. 1798 Mattuus Pofzi. 
(1817) I. 19 Pursuing the dictate of nature in an early attach- 
ment to one woman. 1874 CARPENTER Ment. Phys. 1. vi. § 1 
(1879) 238 He seems to have followed the dictates of his 
artistic feelings. . 

Dictate (diktét, dirkte't), v. [f. L. dctat- ppl. 
stem of dictare to say often, pronounce, prescribe, 
dictate, freq. of dicére to say, tell. 

The pronunciation dictate is now usual in England, though 
unrecognized by the dictionaries, with the =" of 


DICTATION. 


Cassell’s Encyclopedic, 1884. The poets from G. Herbert 
to Byron and Shelley have only dictate.) _ 

1. “rans. To put into words which are to be 
written down ; to utter, pronounce, or read aloud 
toa (something which he is to write). 

1632 Bainstey Lud. Lit. 151 You are to dictate, or deliuer 
vnto them word by word, the English of the sentence. 1661 
Bramunart Just Vind. vi. 130 A book .. not penned, but 
dictated by such as know right well the most secret Cabales, 
and Intriques of the Conclave. @1783 Mrs. Wittiams in 
Boswell's Fohnson (1831) 1. 240 He dictated them while 
Bathurst wrote. . H. Newman Hist, Sk. (1873) 11. 
mu. v. 262 He [Cicero] used to dictate his thoughts to his 
scribes. 1856 Sir B. Bronte Psychol. /ng. Liv. 126 During 
his last illness .. he dictated an account of some scientific 
observations. ; . 

b. absol. (the object being left out) To practise 
or use dictation. 

1592 Dee Comp. Rehears. (Chétham Soc.) 7, I did also 
dictate upon every proposition beside the first exposition. 
1633 G. Hervert 7emple, Posie ii, Whether I sing, Or say, 
or dictate, this is my delight. 1667 Mitton ?. LZ. 1x. 23 My 
Celestial Patroness who .. dictates to me slumbring. 1724 
Swirt Drafpier’s Lett, Wks. 1755 V. 1. 91 My custom is .. 
to dictate to a prentice, who can write in a feigned hand. 
1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) I. iv. 78 Yet in thy writing as 
unwearied be, As did the Holy Ghost dictate to thee. 

2. trans. To prescribe (a course or object of 
action) ; to lay down authoritatively; to order, 
or command in express terms: a. of persons. 

Not now used of prescribing medicine, as in quot. 1637. 

1637 Suirtey Gamester i. 1, Your learned physician dic- 
tates ambergrease. 1699 C. Hopkins Crt. Prosf. i. 14 He 
meditates, and dictates Europe’s Fate. 1725 Watts Logic 


u. v. § 6 God can dictate nothing but what is worthy of | 


himself. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 196 ? 6 He will.. 
dictate axioms to posterity. 1781 Gipson Decl. & F. II. 
xxxiv. 264 They dictated the conditions of peace. 1838 
‘THIRLWALL Greece V. xliv. 355 Thus both were decreed .. 
on the terms dictated by Philip. 1891 Speaker 2 May 5 32/2 
‘The Socialist no longer thinks of dictating to society what 
it ought to be. 
b. of things that have acknowledged authority, 

or that determine action. 

16ar Burton Anat. Mel. m. iv. 1. ii. (1676) 394/1 Our own 
conscience doth dictate so much unto us. 1651 Hoses 
Leviath., . xxx. 185 The same Law, that dictateth to men 
..what they ought todo. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. IV. xxxi, I find 
his present prosecution dictated by tyranny, cowardice, and 
revenge. 1781 Cowrer 77uth 513 Of all that Wisdom dic- 
tates, this the drift. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) III. 304 Wis- 
dom and religion dictate that we should follow events. 1795 
S. Rocers Words by Mrs. Siddons 47 Her prudence dictates 
what her pride disdained. 1819 SHELLEY Cenc? v. ii. 
Which your suspicions dictate to this slave. 1878 Huxtey 
Physiogr. Pref., It appeared to me to be plainly dictated by 
common sense, 

3. intr. To use or practise dictation ; to lay down 
the law, give orders. 

1651 Hosses Govt. §& Soc. vii. § 8. 125 We have seen how 


Subjects, nature dictating, have oblig’d themselves. .toobey | 


the Supreme Power. 1728 Pore Dunc. 1. 377 To cavil, 
censure, dictate, right or wrong. 1755 YouNG Cenfawnr iii. 
Wks. 1757 IV. 176 Did this poor, pallid, scarce-animated mass 
dictate in the cabinet of pleasure? 1807-8 W. Irvine Sa/mag. 
(1824) 55 He is the oracle of the family, dictates to his 
sisters on every occasion. 1872 Geo. Exior A/iddlem. ix, 
A woman dictates before marriage in order that she may 
have an appetite for submission afterwards. 

+4. trans. To express, indicate. Ods. rare. 

1638 Six T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 95 A letter .. dictating 
nothing save hypocrisie and submission. /ééd. 182 Left them 


with a frowne, dictating their base carriage and my im- 
patience. 

Hence Dictated 7//. a., Dictating v/. sd. and 
ppl. a. 


1611 Corcr., Dicté, dictated, indicted. 1631 Star Cham- 
ber Cases (Camden) 5 St Arthur denyed the dictating of the 
letter. 1709 SteeLe & Swirt Tatler No. 71 Pg You rival 
your Correspondent Lewis le Grand, and his dictating 
Academy. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxix, He'll write to my 
dictating three nights in the week without sleep, 1830 
Westm. Rev, X11, 3 Under the controlling and dictatin, 
power of truth and nature, | Tyrwuitt Sketching Clu 
47, I have worked very hard, and by strict dictated method. 

tion (dikté-fon). [ad. late L. dictation- 
em, n. of action from dictére to Dictatx.] The 
action of dictating. 

1. The pronouncing of words in order to their 
being written down. 

1727 Baiey vol. II, Dictation, a pronouncing or dictat- 


ing of any Thing to another Man to be written by him. 
1784 Jounson Dec. in Boswedl, Dictation .. would be per- 


formed as speedily as an amanuensis could write, 1842 H. 
Rocers /utrod. Burke's Wks. (1842) I. 8 Sketches, either 
actually written by himself or at his dictation. 1868 Frer- 
MAN Norm. Cong, (1876) II. viii. 272 Some evident slip of 
dictation or copying. 1875 Jowert Plato (ed: 2) I, 12, I will 
write out the c! from your dictation. 

attrib, 1870 Dicxens £. Drood iv, M le became 
traceable in the dictation-exercises of Miss Brobity’s pupils. 
1894 West, Gas. 23 Feb. 6/3 A dictation cylinder will con- 
tain from 1,000 to 1,200 words. 

2. Authoritative utterance or prescription. 

a@ 1656 Br. Hart Rem. 148 (T.) Heresies .. maintained to 
the death under the pretence of the dictation and warrant 
of God's spirit ! a xtos Pacey (Webster, 1828), It affords 
security against the dictation of laws. 1844 Disrarui 
Coningsby 11. i, The terms were at his own dictation. 

b. Arbitrary command: the exercise of dictator- 
ship. 

1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. 188 It would have probabl 
been unsafe for the crown to pt dictation or ion. 
1858 /did. 111. xiii. 88 The proud English nobles had now for 


330 


the first time to. .submit to the dictation of a lay peer. 186 
May Const. Hist. (1863) 11. x. 220 No sooner has the dictation 
of any j 1. .become too p d, than [etc.]. 

3. Something dictated. 

1841 Myers Cath. Th. ut. § 32. 116 
very dictations of the Almighty. 

a. rare. [f. prec. + -au.] Of 
or belonging to dictation. 
G. W. Caste in Century Mag. XXIX. 


1 The 
fom Ie mind .. has retreated from its ensuuptortadibe dicta: 
tional attitude. _ 

Dictative (diktativ, diktétiv),a. [f. Dicrare 2. 
+-1VE.] Of the nature of dictation; characterized 
by dictating or saying what must be done. 

1768-74 Tucker Lf. Nat. (1852) II. 684 Not striving to 
force attention with a dictative authority. 1 j. FP. 


Had they been the 


Coorer Pioneer xxiii, Such other dictative m: es as 
were necessary. 
Dictator (diktéitaz). [a. L. dictator, agent-n. 


| from dictdre to Diggate. Cf. F. dictateur.) 


1. A ruler or governor whose word is law an 
absolute ruler of a state. a. or?g. The appellation 
of a chief magistrate invested with absolute autho- 
rity, elected in seasons of emergency by the Romans, 
and by other Italian states. 

1387 ‘Trevisa //igden (Rolls) IL. 273 After consuls, tribunes 
plebis and dictatores rulede the comounte. 1470-85 MaLory 
Arthur vy. i, The Emperour Lucyus whiche was called at 
that tyme Dictatour or procurour of the publyke wele of 
Rome. 1 " (pst, Courtier, Was he not called to 
be dictator from the plough? 1607 Suaks. Cor. 11. ii. 93 Our 
then Dictator..saw him fight. 162z Burton Anat. Mel. 
1. ii. 1. iv, As in old Rome, when the Dictator was created, 
all inferiour magistracies ceased. 1 Bo incBroke 
On Parties 164 A Dictator was a Tyrant for six Months. 
1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 11 Our people .. have long 
ago superseded the barbarous device of dictator and Cesar 
by the manly arts of self-government. Pings 

. A person exercising similar authority in a 
medizeval or modern state; ¢sf. one who attains to 
such a epee in a republic. Also ¢ransf. 

c1sgz2 Martowe Massacre Paris u. vi, Guise, wear our 
crown..And, as dictator, make or war or peace. 1671 MILTON 
P.R.1. 113 To him their great Dictator, whose attempt At 
first against mankind so well had thriv’d. 1840 Penny Cycl. 
XVII. 227 After some changes in the government, Doctor 
Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia became dictator [of Para- 
guay). 1863 KinciaKke Crimea (1876) I. xiv. 235 Numbers 
in France .. would have been heartily glad to see the Re- 
public crushed by some able dictator. 

2. A person exercising absolute authority of any 
kind or in any sphere; one who authoritatively 
prescribes a course of action or dictates what is to 
be done. 

1 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 12 The overmuch credit 
that hath been given.unto authors in sciefces, in making 
them dictators. 1625 Bb. Jonson Staple of N. m1. ii, Say 
that you were the emperor of pleasures, The great dictator 
of fashions, for all Europe. a 1654 SELDEN 7 ad/e-t. re by 
He..was usually stiled the great dictator of learning of the 
English nation. 1700 Tyrrett Hist. Eng. 11. 893 Arbitra- 
tors, who are sometimes called Assessors, sometimes Dic- 
tators of Amends. 1720 Swirt Mod. Educ. Wks. 1755 11. 
1. 34 The dictators of behaviour, dress, and politeness. 1875 
Stusss Const, ist. 111. xxi. 525 The medieval church of 
England stood before the self-willed dictator [Henry VIII]. 
1892 F. Lawtey Pref. to Racing Life Ld. G.C. Bentinck 7, 
I inquired who was now the Dictator of the’ Turf. 

3. One who dictates to a writer. 

1617 Minsuev, Ductor in Ling., A Dictator, or inditer. 
1721 Baitey, Dictator, he that tells another what to write. 
1873 J. Raine Lett. fr. N. Registers Pref. 18 Marks of in- 
terest which delineate to a certain extent both the dictator 
and his amanuensis. 1883 A¢henaum 16 June 759/1 Re- 
miniscences .. dictated to a scribe and checked here and 
there by reference to documents in the dictator's posses- 
sion. ; 

4, attrib, 

1845 J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 22 Certainly 
these are not dictator times, 

‘torate. [f. Dicraror +-aTE1.] The 
office of a dictator. 

1866 CartyLe /naug. Addr. 179 Oliver Cromwell's Protec- 


terete, * Dictatorate if 7 wi Key ae rw it so. om 
oLDw. Saitx in Macm, Mag. . 531/1 Cicero accept 
and .. served under the dictatorate of Cesar 


Dictatorial (diktatderidl), a [f. L. décta- 
tori-us of or belonging to a dictator + -aL. So 
mod.F. dictatorial (adm. by Academy 1835).] 

1. Of, pertaining, or proper to a dictator. 


rzor W. Worron Hist. Rome vii. 118 The whole Dicta- 
torial Power within the City. Mipp.eton Cicero II. 


vu. 119 He (Caxsar] was created Dictator .. and by his Dic- 
tatorial power dec! himself Consul, x nn, Reg. 
Pref., The late metamorphosis of the [French] Republic into 


a dictatorial or military government. 1818 Byron Ch, Har, 
1v. Ixxxiv, Thou didst lay down With an — smile .. 
The dictatorial wreath, 1849 Macautay ///st. Eng. 1. 542 
A captain who has been entrusted with dictatorial power, 

2. Pertaining to or characteristic of dictation ; in- 
clined to dictate or prescribe the actions of others ; 
imperious ; overbearing in tone. 

a — T. Brown Sat. Persius Wks. 1730 I. 53 A dictatorial 
youth does envy draw, 1724 Swirt ‘Drapier’s Lett. Wks. 
1841 II. 26 By violent es, and a di ial behavi 
1748 Richarpson C/arissa(1811) V1. 107 Sally was laying out 
the law, and prating away in her usual dictatorial manner. 
1818 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Life (1870) I, 36 He is 
. -very learned, very dictatorial, very knock-me-down. 
Brack Pr. Thule xxiv. 389 The dictatorial enunciation 
his opinions, 


DICTATRESS. 
Dictatorialism. [f. prec.+-1su.] A dicta- 
—_ — mode of action, or 


a 
Mrs. C. Shaks. Char. it. 60 The ostentatious 
ising and sententious di ialism of Jaques. 


yadv. [f.as prec.+-LY2.] In 
a dictatorial manner; imperiously; with the tone 
or manner of authority. 

a H. Warrote Mem. Geo, 17 ) TL. viii Lord 
Hardwicke still took the lead very tically” 1832 
Examiner §38/t Why should the state dictatorially in 
and forbid the transaction? 1880 Mrs. Forrester Xoy. 
§ aes 13 ‘ You will come to-morrow’, repeats Netta dicta- 
torially. : 

Dictato'rialness. [f.as prec. + -nxss.] Dic- 
tatorial quality or manner; imperiousness. 

1876 Gro. Etior =? Oct. in Cross Life III. 294 

- 


A spirit of —— Pp is 
observable. Mrs. Fernerstonnaucn A. Dering I. i. 
18 ‘You never spoke to any one else!’ .. adds Mary, with 
sisterly dictenoriataess. 1888 7'imes 25 Dec. 3/2 The Cabinet 


brought about through the 


en 


crisis in Bulgaria has 
ai <1 of M. S 


+ Dictato'rian, a. Ods. [f. L. dictétori-us 
of or belonging to a dictator+-aNn.] Of, proper 
to, or characteristic of, a dictator. 

¢ 1642 Contra-Replicant's Compl. 19 A kind of a dicta- 
torian power is to be allowed to her. — 1659 J. HarrincTon 
Lawgtving ui. iii. (1700) 415 Samuel, distinguishing to per- 
fection between Dictatorian and Royal Power. 1709-L, 
Mitsourne Melius Jug. 6 Took all the power into his own 
hand, govern’d in the dictatorian way. 1711 Dennis Reflect. 
on ‘ Ess, Criticism’ 2 While this little Author struts and 
affects the Dictatorian Air, 

Dictatorily (di-ktaterili), adv. [f. Dicratory 
a. +-LY 2.) = DICTATORIALLY. 

1788 Burns Let. to Clarinda Sunday Noon (Globe) c. 383 
They must also be so very dictatorily wise. 1867 Hare's 
Guesses 226 An academy will lay down laws dictatorily. 
- . C. Jerrery ¥. Vraille I. viii. 203 Ordering his 
* daddee * about so dictatorily. 

+ Dicta‘toring, v4/. sb. Obs. rare. [f. Dtc- 
TATOR +-ING!; cf. tailoring, soldiering.] Acting 
as dictator. 

1644 J. Goopwin Danger Fighting agst.God 48 Diametrally 
bent against all dictatoring, and law-giving by men. 


e, a. an 5 
A. adj. Like or befitting a dictator. 

1641 R. Brooxe Eng. Efisc. 34 If they only took a Dic- 
tatorlike power. 1 J. Goopwix Danger Fighting agst. 
God 47 Any ambitious or Dictator-like designe. 1680 
Hickerincitt Wks, (1716) I. 261 A Style and Language 
more Magisterical, Dictator-like, 

B. adv. Like or after the manner of a dictator. 

1581 Mutcaster Positions xlv. (1887) 293, 1 do not herein 
take vpon me dictatorlike to —— pep sage 1646 
Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. To Rdr. Avja, Nor have wee 
Dictator-like obtruded our conceptions, 
torship (dikté'taifip), [See -surr.] 

1. The office or dignity of a dictator. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 176 Bicause he would 
not have the dictatorship, and the other the consulship. 1636 
E. Dacres tr. Machiavel's Disc. Livy 1. 129 If any one 
were made Dictatour, he got most honour by it, that layd 
downe his Dictatourship soonest. 1665 Mantey Grofius’ 
Low C. Warres 167 They advised him [Leicester] also to 
a too hasty. .hope of the Dictatorship, after the of 
the Prince of Aurange. 1796 H. Hunrer tr. St. Pierre's 
Stud, Nat, (x79) 1 ast Attilius-Regulus, who was called 
from the plough to -Dictatorshi; Auson /ist. 
Sevale Tt. 33.5 a 09 Seas ip is t in 
the ir of 1838 Arnotp Hist. Rome 1. 446 


2. Absolute authority in any sphere. 

16.. Drypen (J.), Thisis that i 
is exercised by Lucretius, t 
Warts /mprov, Mind 1. v. $9 an author .. assumes 
an air of ignty and d hip. 1869 


22 Dec., The w! mo’ was an 

illegal dictatorship in the Church, 1892 

Chaucer 11, vii. 100 His [Dryden's] literary dictatorship ., 

~—_ ms Times uly, The House. .rejected the first, 
ltrib, ane ’ oe 

wr dictatorship baw the bill. 

+ Dicta tory, sé. Ods. rare. In 6-oury. [a. 
OF. dictatorie, -urie (Bersuire’s transl. of Livy, 14th 
c, in Godef.), f. L. dictdtor.] Dictatorship. 

1533, Bettennen Livy u, (1822) 151 The Faderis .. thocht 
exp Saat fo. 68 eho seplrs dictatoury to ane man of 

u . ; 
“Dictatory (diktitori), a, (ad. L. dictatéri-us, 
f, dictator-em Dicrator. Cf, OF. dictatoire, Sp. 
Oecea act Anak tO Oe Rig wi ck eal 
A Wil i 
audi harika laine Secgrseaioh igus Graben tin 


to spell a presump- 
tion. New Monthly Mag. 1X. The three dictat 
i a mcd men an M. Lemon Walt 


hom Europe bow. 
for End xviii. (1866) —- solemn dictatory letter. 1872 
5 omen Budget of Paradoxes 378 When he obtrudes 
is office in a 


bemwasr 5 manner, 
Dictatress (dikté*trés). [f. DicraTor +.-Ess, 
Cf. next.] A female dictator. Zt, and fig. 


1784 R. Barham Downs I. 1 Vi was the uni- 
v dictatress. 1809 Byron Bards & Kev. li, Earth's - 
chief dictatress, ocean's lovely Napoleon 
Ixxvi, Paris .. the dictatress.,of taste .. to .. Europe. 1874 


Hers /van De Biron v. vi. 290 She was a dictatress in al 
matters that to the dress, scenery, and general ar- — 
rangements, 


DICTATRIX. 


Dictatrix (diktéitriks). (a. L. dtctatrix, fem. 
of dictator: see -TRIX. In F. dictatrice.] A female 
dictator: =prec. 

1623 CockerAm, Dictatrix, a woman commanding things 
to be don. 1647 Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. Ep. Ded. 42 The 
Church of Rome which is the great dictatrix of dogmaticall 


resolutions. 1789 Bentuam Ws, (1838-43) X. 206 A Dic- 
tatrix on the seas. 1848 Lyrron Cartons 1.11. ix, Mrs, Prim- 
mins .. h | , and tyrannical dictatrix of the whole 
establishment. 


Dictature (diktéitiii:). 
office of a Dicrator: see -URE, 
(15th c. in Godef. Suppi.).] 

“Ll, =Dicrarorsure. 

1553 GriMALDE Cicero's Offices 11. (1558) 84 The other who 
in the dictature had been secretarie. 1605 Bacon Adv. 
Learn. 1. vii. § 29. 40 What strange resolution it was in 
Lucius Scylla, to resign his Dictature. 1640 G. Warts tr. 
Bacon's Adv, Learn. Pref. 10 Autors, who have usurp’t a 
kind of Dictature in Sciences, cx810 L. Hunt Blice-Stocking 
Revels i. 152, 1 can’t see.. why love should await dear 
good Harriet’s dictature! 1867 Contemp. Rev. VI. 413 
A temporal dictature took the place of the former .. com- 
bination of the spiritual and temporal powers. 1875 Brown- 
inc Aristoph. Afol. 101 Choosing the rule of few, but wise 
and good, Rather than mob-dictature. 

2. A collective body of dictators. 

1759 State Papers in Ann, Reg. 203/2 An imperial decree 
of commission was carried to the dictature against that reso- 
lution. 1855 M. Brinces Pop. Mod. Hist. 435 Nine indi- 
viduals were chosen out of it to form a Dictature. 

+ Dictery. Obs. rave—'. [ad. L. dictérium 
a witty saying, bon-mot, in sense associated withe 
L. dictum, but in form like Gr. dexerhprov a place 
for showing, a pulpit.] A witty saying. 

1632 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. v. v. 589 In a publike 
auditory .. 1 did heap up all the dicteries I could against 
women, but now recant. 

Dictical, var. form of Drtcrica, Oés. 

iction (dikfon). [a. F. diction (12th c. in 
Hatz.-Darmi.), or ad. L. déctzdn-em saying, diction, 
mode of expression; in late L., a word; n. of 
action from @icére to say. 

Apparently not in English Dictionaries before Johnson.] 

+1. A word. Ods. 

. 1542 Upaty Zrasm. aa 1. (1877) 136 Two sondrie 
wordes, albeit by reason of the figure called Synalephe, it 
seemeth in maner no more but one diction. 1549 Cod. 
Scot. Prol. 17 The quhilkis culd nocht be translatit in oure 
Scottis langage, as .. pretours, tribuns, and mony vthir ro- 
mane dictions. 1652 GAULE Magastrom. L iva, Dictions, 
syllables, letters, numbers, 1 tr. Burgersdicius his 
Logick 1. xxv. 99 In Dictions are first to be consider’d their 
Etymology and Conjugation, and then their Synonymy 
and Homonymy, and Acception Words. 

+2. A phrase, locution, mode of speech. Ods. 

a@ 1660 Hammonp ls. I. 425 (R.) We are not wont to re- 

uire the dictions of the New Testament... to be tryed by 

ttical heathen Greek writers, 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 62 

\P 7 An easy Flow of Words, without being distracted (as 
\we often are who read much) in the choice of Dictions and 
hrases, 

+3. Expression of ideasin words; speech; verbal 
description. Ods. 

(In Shakspere in an intentionally Euphuistic passage.) 

1581 Sipney Afo/. Poetrie(Arb.) 68 Now, for the out-side 
of it .. which is words, or .. Diction. 1602 SHaxs. Ham. 
v. ji. 123 To make true diction of him, his semblable is his 
mirror. 


[ad. L. dictatiira the 
Cf. F. dictature 


nce of his diction, and the 
is acauLay Hist, Eng. 111. 134 
Tyrconnel .. with his energy of diction, invoked on 
himself all the vengeance of heaven if the report was not 
acursed, a blasted, a confounded lie. 1886 Ruskin Preterita 
I. vii. 208 My mother... resolved that I should learn absolute 
accuracy of diction and precision of accent in prose. 

Dictiona‘rial, a. rare. [f. med.L. dictéonari- 
um Dictionary + -At I. 3.] . Of, pertaining to, or 
characteristic of a dictionary ; lexic phical. 

1750 Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) p. viii, As e subject 
is placed by itself the chain of phe is not Geokes & , 
as it is in the dictionarial and some other methods. 

+ Dictiona‘rian. Ods. rare. [f. as prec.+-aN.] 
The maker of a dictionary; a lexicographer. 

1846 WorcesTER cites Dr. Dawson. 

+ Dictionarist. Ods. rare. 
The maker of a dictionary. 

1617 Cottins Def. Bp. Ely u.. vi. 238 One of the Diction- 
arists afc d (viz. Budzeus, Crispinus] quotes the place. 


[f. next + -1s7.] 


/ 


nn 


331 


Dictio (ditkfanari). [ad. med.L. dic- 
lionarium or dictionarius (sc. éber) lit.‘a repertory 
of dictionés, phrases or words’ (see Diction) in F. 
dictionnaire (R. Estienne 1539), It. déz¢onaréo, Sp. 
diccionario. | 

1. A book dealing with the individual words of 
a language (or certain specified classes of them), 
so as to set forth their orthography, pronunciation, 
signification, and use, their synonyms, derivation, 
and history, or at least some of these facts: for 
convenience of reference, the words are arranged in 
some stated order, now, in most languages, alpha- 
betical ; and in larger dictionaries the information 
given is illustrated by quotations from literature ; 
a word-book, vocabulary, or lexicon. 

Dictionaries proper are of two kinds: those in which the 
meanings of the words of one language or dialect are given 
in another (or, in a polyglot dictionary, in two or more 
languages), and those in which the words of a language are 
treated and illustrated in this language itself. The former 
were the earlier. 5 

Dictionarius was used ¢ 1225 by Joannes de Garlandia, a 
native of England, as the title of a collection of Latin 
vocables, arranged according to their subjects, in sentences, 
for the use of learners; e.g. 255 F 

‘In horto magistri Johannis sunt herbe scilicet iste: salvia, 
petroselinum, dictamnus, ysopus, celidonia, feniculus, 
piret({r]um, columbina, rosa, lilium, et viola; et a latere 
crescit urtica, carduus, et saliunca.’ A 5 A 

In the following century Peter Berchorius (died Paris, 
I 362) wrote a Dictionarium morale utriusque Testamenti, 
consisting of moralizations on the chief words of the Vulgate 
for the use of students in theology. In 1538 Sir-Fhonias 
Elyot published his Latin-English ‘Dictionary’; and in 
1556 J. Withals published ‘A shorte dictionarie for yonge 
beghiners in English and Latin, in which the words were 
arranged not alphabetically, but under subject-headings, e.g. 


*“the names of Byrdes, Byrdes of the Water, Byrdes about 


the house, as cockes, hennes, etc., of Bees, Flies, and 
others,’ etc, In 1539 R. Estienne published his Dictionatre 
Francots-latin, Dictionaries (so entitled) of English and 
various modern languages appeared in England from 1547 
onward; in the 17th c. the name was gradually extended 
to works explaining English words, only ‘hard words’ 
being admitted into the earliest English Dictionaries. 


‘ Vocabulary is now generally limited to a smaller and less 


comprehensive collection of words, or to a word-book of 
technical, or specific terms, Lexicon is the name usually 
iven to dictionaries of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, 
thiopic, and some other literary languages. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 233 And so Peter 
Bercharius in his dictionary describeth it? 1538 (¢7¢/e), The 
Dictionary of syr Thomas Eliot knyght. — Preface A ij 
bk., About a yere passed I begannea Dictionarie, declaryng 
latine by englishe. 1547 SaLessury (f7f/e', A Dictionarie 
in Englyshe and Welshe, moche_ necessary to all such 
Welshemen as will spedly lerne the Englyshe tongue, 1556 4 
Witnats Shorte Dictionarie (1568) Colophon: ® Thusendeth 
this Dictionarie, very necessary for children : compiled by J. 
Withals. 21568 Ascuam Scholen. (Arb.) 27 As the Grammer 
booke be euer in the Scholers hand, and also vsed of him, 
as a Dictionarie, for euerie present vse. 1580 J. Barer 
(titde), An Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionarie, containing 
foure sundrie tongues: namelie English, Latine, Greeke, 
and French. 1588 A/arfrel. Epist.(Arb.) 42 His Lordship 
of Winchester is a great Clarke, for he hath translated his 
Dictionarie, called CofoJpers Dictionarie verbatim out of 
Robert Stephanus his Thesaurus, and ilfauored to, they 
say. 1598 Frorio (¢it/e), A Worlde of Wordes, or most 
copious, and exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, 
collected by Iohn Florio. c¢ 1616 Webster Duchess of Mali 
v. ii, A..disease..they call lycanthropia. Pes. What's that? 
I need a dictionary to’t. 1623 H. Cockrram (fit/e), The 
English Dictionarie: or an Interpreter of hard English 
Words. 1656 T. Biount ge Glossographia or a Dic- 
tionary Interpreting all such Hard Words .. as are now 
used in our refined English Tongue. 1665 BoyLe Occas. 
Refi. v. vii. (1845) 322 A man must have .. learn’d an 
Hebrew Grammar, and turn’d over.Buxtorf’s, Schindler's, 
and other Dictiomaries. 17ax N. Baicey (¢éte), An Uni- 
versal Etymological English Dictionary. 1752 FIELDING 
Amelia Wks. 1775 X. 129 All the major’s words are not to 
be found in a gpesetec hb 1755 JoHNson Dictionary Pre- 
face P 3, I have, notwithstanding this discouragement, at- 
tempted a dictionary of the English language, which, while 
it was employed in the cultivation of every species Bal litera- 

ps 


ture, has itself been hitherto neglected. i 
12 149 Morrison mentions..a.dicti an i 
n, ical_.characters, .as..having 
II00 before Christ, 1857 Trencu Ox 
some ss im our English Dictionaries 4 A Dic- 


pes according to that idea of it which seems to be alone 
capable of being logically maintained, is an inventory of the 
language. 1870 Emerson Soc. § Sodit., Books Wks. (Bohn) 
III. 87 Neither is a dictionary a book to read .. it is 
full of suggestion,—the raw material of possible poems and 
histories. 1878 R. W. Date Lect. Preach. vi. 181 A dic- 
tionary is not merely a home for living words ; it is a hospital 
for the sick; it is a cem for the dead. 

+b. fig. The vocabulary or whole list of words 
used or admitted by any one. Ods. 

1579 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 58 If 1 may vse that tearme 
vnder correction of M. Heskins dictionarie. et 9 Sir T. 
Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. x. 41 Not only in the dictionary 
of man, but the subtiler vocabulary of Satan. 1727 Swirr 
Gulliver 1. ii. Wks. 1883 XI. 197, I much enlarged my 
dictionary ; and when I went next to court, was able to 
understand many things the king spoke. 

2. By extension: A book of information or refer- 
ence on any subject or branch of knowledge, the 
items of which are arranged in alphabetical order ; 
an alphabetical encyclopedia: as a Dictionary of 
Architecture, Biography, Geography, of the Bible, 
of Christian Antiquities, of Dates, etc. 


DICTUM, 


‘Here the essential sense ‘word-book’ is supplanted by 
the accidental one of ‘reference book in alphabetical order’ 
arising out of the alphabetical arrangement used in modern 
word-books.) 

1631 Massincer Emp. East 1.ii, 1 haye composed a dic- 
tionary, in which He is instructed how, when, and to whom, 
To be proud or humble. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 499 P 2 
The story..which I have since found related in my historical 
dictionary. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 299 Minutia 
ought to be collected by annalists, or in some kind of dic- 
tionaries where one might find them at need. 

b. fig. A co or thing regarded as a reposi- 
tory of knowledge, convenient for consultation. 

1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. (1776) I. Pref. 7 A system may 
be considered as a dictionary in the study of nature. 1837 
Emerson Addr, Amer. Schol. Wks. (Bohn) II. 181 Life is 
our dictionary. 1849 Macaucay //ist. Eng, 11.180 Burnet 
was eminently qualified to be of use as a living dictionary 
of British affaiss, 1893 SrLous 7rav. S. E. Africa 359 
Mr. Edwards is a perfect walking dictionary concerning all 
matters connected with sport and travel in the interior of 
South Africa. 

3. attrib..and Comd., as dictionary English, 
order, phraseology, word; dictionary-maker, -mak- 
ing, -writer,, -writing ; dictionary-tutored, adj. ; 
dictionary-monger, one who deals much with 
dictionaries; dictionary-proof a., proof against 
the informing influence of a dictionary. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr Biondi s Eromena Aiv, I would not 
.. be taken (or rather mistaken) for a Dictionary-tutred 
Linguist. 1668 Witkins Xea/ Char. Ded. A iij, ‘This Work 
of Dictionary-making, for the polishing of their Language. 
1727 Swirt Gulliver i. xii. Wks. 1883 XI. 355 Writers of 
travels, like dictionary-makers, are sunk into oblivion by the 
weight and bulk of those who come last, and therefore lie 
uppermost. 1742 ArBuTHNOT & Pope, etc., Note on Dunciad 
iv. 231 ‘The first [Suidas] a dictionary-writer, a collector of 
impertinent facts and barbarous words. 1759 GotpsM. Polite 
Learn, ii, Dictionary writing was at that time much in 
fashion. 1806 Oracle in Spirit Pub. Fruls, (1807) X. 43 The 
dictionary-monger in the Bdind Bargain. 1818 Miss 
Mitrorp in L’Estrange L//¢ (1870) II. 27 After the fashion 
of certain dictionary-mongers who ring the changes upon 
two words. 1819 Sforting Mag. V. 122 Grose..was even 
dictionary-proof. 1830 Gat Lawrie 7. vil. iii. (1849) 318 
Miss Beeny was an endless woman with her dictionary 
phraseology. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. iv, He .. calls 
many things by their mere dictionary names. 1858 R. S. 
Surtees Ask Mamma i. 1 His fine dictionary words and 
laboured expletives. 1880 Grant Waite Every-Day Eng. 
100 Trying to speak dictionary English. 1882 Freeman in 
Longm. Mag. 1. 97 Did anybody, even a dictionary-maker, 
really fancy that the last three letters of ‘neighbour’ had 
anything in common with the last three letters of ‘honour’? 

Hence Dictionaryless @., without a dictionary. 

1854 Fraser's Mag. L. 317 Battling, grammarless and 
dictionaryless, with a work in astrange idiom. 

Dictionee'r. nonce-wd. [f. Diction + -EER; cf. 
auctioneer.) One who makes it his business to criti- 
cize diction or style in language. (contemptuous.) 

* 1848 Zait’s Mag. XV. 557 Taking a high tone against the 
decision of the ‘dictioneers’ generally. 

+ Dictitate, v. Ods. rare. [f. L. déctitire to 
say often or emphatically, freq. of déctdre: see 
Dicrate.}] ¢vans. To declare. 

1615 A, Starrorp Heav. Dogge 44 No doubt the old man 
did dictitate thinges, the knowledge wherof would haue 
beautified all happy wits. 

+ Di-ctour. Ods. rare —}. [a. Anglo-Fr. *déctour 
=OF. dicteor, diteor, author, dictator, arbiter :—L. 
dictator-em : see DicTator.] (?) A spokesman. 

2ax1400 Morte Arth. 712 Syr Mordrede.. Salle be thy 
dictour, my dere, to doo whatte the lykes. 

|| Dictum (dikt#m). Pl. dicta, dictums, 
[L. dictum thing said, saying, word, f. dct-us, pa. 
pple. of dicére to say.] A saying or utterance: 
sometimes used with emphasis upon the fact that 
it is a mere saying; but oftener with the implica- 
tion of a-formal pronouncement claiming or carry- 
ing some authority. (In the latter case probably 
transferred from the legal use in b.) 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dictum (Lat.) a Word, a Say- 
ing, a Proverb; an Order or Command. 1787 Sir J. Hawkins 
Life of Fohnson 542 This dictum carries the more weight 
with it, as it comes from a man whose sentiments, respecting 
sectaries, may be inferred from the following passage. 1787 
Gentl. Mag. Nov. 947/1 The above quoted sentence is a 
dictum of Johnson’s after reading these several opinions, 
1809 Edin. Rev. XIV. 452, He concludes his remarks, or 
rather dicta upon this topic, with the following passage. 
182x Craic Lect. Drawing vii. 365 We will not take for 
our guide the dictum of any professor in the art, 1828 
ComBe Const. Max ii. (1835) 65 The collective dicta of the 
highest minds illuminated by the greatest knowledge. 
1861 Court Life at Naples 11. 148 His dictums were not 
regarded with the same awe to which he had been used. 
1874 Hetps Social Press. viii. 104, I will..allow Milverton’s 
dicta to pass unquestioned. es i 

b. In Zaw, An expression of opinion by a judge 
on matter of law, which is not the formal resolution 
or determination of a court. 

1776 Burrow Reforts IV. 2294 He intimated that long 
contrary Usage ought to go a t way towards over- 
turning any old Dictum. 1827 Jarman Powell’s Devises 
II. 62 Against these authorities may be adduced the 
solitary dictum of Lord Rosslyn, who, in Walker v. 
Denne doubted whether there was any equity between the 
real and personal representatives. id. 299 The doctrine 
appears to rest solely on the dicta of the Li Commis- 
sioners, 1863 H. Cox Justit, 1. ix. 215 The dicta of judges 
concerning privilege of Parliament have been very conflict- 
ing. 1892 Law Frni. Notes of Cases sat”) 4/2 The 

—-2 


DICTYOGEN, 


statement in Maure v. Harrison that he is so entitled is a 
dictum only, and cannot be supported, 

ec. A thing that is generally said; a current 
saying ; a maxim or saw. 

1826 Syp. Smitu Wks. (1852) I. 110/2 Of all false and 
foolish dicta, the most trite and the most absurd is that 
which asserts that the Judge is counsel for the prisoner. 
1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. v. xi. § 5 The ular dictum, that 
people understand their own interests better .. than govern- 
ment does, or can be expected to do, 1859 — Liberty ii. 52 
The dictum that truth always triumphs. 1871 Biackie 
Four Phases i. 36 The famous dictum that ‘the natural 
state of man is a war of all men against all men.’ 

+d. In old Logic, the statement in a modal pro- 
position. 

1697 tr. Burgersdicius his Logick 1, xxviii. 113 Modal 
Enunciation consists of a Dictum and Mood: The Dictum 
of which is as it were the Subject, and the Mood the Pre- 
dicate ..‘It is necessary that God be good’: that is, Deum 
esse bonum; the Dictum is, that God be good the Mode, 
Necessary. , . 

e. In some historical and other phrases: 

Dictum of Kenilworth, an award made in 1266 between 
King Henry III and the barons who had taken arms against 
him. Dictum of Aristotle, dictum de omniet (de) nullo i.e. 
‘concerning every and none’, the name given by the School- 
men to the canon of direct syllogism, given by Aristotle 
(Adyouer 5€ 1d Kara mavTos Katnyopetabat ,, Kai TO KaTa pN- 
devos, An. Pr.t.i.): see quots. Obiter dictum: see OsiteR. 

1670 BLount Law Dict. s.v., Dictum de Kenelworth was 
an Edict or Award between Henry III and all those Barons 
..who had been in Armes against him. 1697 tr. Burgers. 
dicius his Logick u. viii. 32 1f the Dictum of All and None 

Paraphrastically propounded. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng. 
(1763) I. 233 Knights and esquires, says the dictum of 
Kenelworth, who were robbers, if they have no land, shall 
pay the half of their goods, 1827 WuHateLy Logic 38 The 
object of Aristotle’s dictum is precisely analogous. 1843 
Mitt Logic 1. v. § 3 These views .. are the basis of the cele- 
brated dictum de omni et nullo. 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 187 
The famous Dictum of Aristotle, usually called the Dictum 
de omnt et nullo, that whatever is predicated (affirmed or 
denied) universally of any Class (i.e. of any whole), may be 
also predicated of any part of that Class. 

Dictyogen (di-ktio,dzen, diktai-d,dgzen). Bos. [f. 
Gr. diervo-v net + -yevns born, produced: see -GEN!, 
Formed to match Eudogen, Exogen, and other 
terms of the same classification. ] 

The name applied by Lindley to those plants 
which have a monocotyledonous embryo, and re- 
ticulated leaf-veins (in the latter respect resembling 
the Dicotyledons). 

1846 LinpLey Veg. Kingdom 4 The separation by me of 
Endogens into 1. Endogens proper, and 2. Dictyogens. 
1855 — in Circ. Sc., Botany 184 Dictyogens are Endogens, 
but with the peculiarity that the root is exactly like Exogens 
without concentric circles, and the leaves fall off the stem 
by a clean fracture, just as in that class. 1857 BerkELEY 
Cryfptog. Bot. § 39. 52 Dictyogens are supposed to approach 
Exogens in their leaves and in the arrangement of their 
tissues, but their embryo and the development of their wood 
are distinctly monocotyledonous. 1860 Darsy Bot. 
Southern States 600 Dictyogens, monocotyledonous plants, 
with net-veined leaves, as smilax and trillium. : 

Hence Dictyo'genous a., belonging to this group 
of plants. 

Dicy‘an-, dicy'ano-. Chem. Dr-2 + 
Cyan(o-.] Combined with two equivalents of the 
radical cyanogen, CN, replacing two of hydrogen, 
chlorine, etc. (See CYAN- 2.) 

Dicyanide (deisaiinaid). Chem. [f. Di-2 + 
CyanipE.] A compound containing two cquiva- 
lents of cyanogen (CN) united to an element or 
dyad radical, as mercuric dicyanide a A Ye 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 221 Dicyanide and tricy- 
anide of iron have not yet been obtained in very definite form. 

Dicya'nogen. Chem. See Di-* and Cyano- 
GEN. Cyanogen in the free form. 

Dicycle (dai-sik’l). [f. D1-2 + Gr. ed*dos wheel, 
Cycie. (A more regularly formed word than the 
hybrid dicycle.\] The name given to a form of 
velocipede in which the two wheels are parallel to 
each other, instead of being in the same line as in 
a bicycle. 

[1870 Belgravia Feb. 441 Bicycle should be either dicycle 
or birota.) 1887 Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. Jan. 14/1 They 
will exhibit..a new tricycle, a new bicycle, and a dicycle on 
the lines of the ‘Otto.’ 1892 Cycl. Tour. Club Handbk. 49 
‘Otto’ and other Dicycles, same rate as Tricycles, 

Hence Di-cyclist, one who rides a dicycle. 

1887 Bicycling News 11 June 145/1. 

Dicynodont (doisi‘nddgnt), sd. and a. Palwont. 

mod. {, Gr. &- two + kwv- dog + d50v7- tooth.) A 

ossil reptile characterized by the absence of all 
teeth except two long canines in the upper jaw. 
b. aaj. Having this character. 

The typical genus is Dicynodon, order Dicynodontia. 

1854 Owen in Circ, Sc. (¢ 1865) IL. 97/2, I have called 
them ‘ Dicynodonts’, from their dentition being reduced to 
one long and large canine tooth on each side of the upper 
jaw. 1876 Pace Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. xvi. 292 The Dicyno- 
dont reptiles from the red sandstones of South Africa. 

Hence Dicynodo'ntian a. 
~ 1873 Huxtey Critiques § Addresses ix. 213 The supposi- 
onion the Dinosaurian, Crocodilian, Dic: lontian, and 
Plesiosaurian types were suddenly created at the end of the 
Perinian epoch may be dismissed. 1875 BLaxe Zool. 162 
The evidences of this most singular dicynodontian family 
of reptiles have hitherto been found only in South Africa. 


| didactic work. 


332 


SDAA, pee tone of Do w., q.v. 
|| Di (didakz). English form of Gr. &- 


baxn ee word of the title Aidaxi rar 
bidexa dnoor Teaching of the twelve apostles, 


_ the name of a Christian treatise of the beginning of 


the second century. Hence Di-dachist, Didacho’- 
grapher, the writer or compiler of the Didache. 

1885 ScuarF in Fran. Soc. Bibl. Lit. June & Dec. 3 The 
greet interest and significance of the Didache consists in 

lling the gap between the Apostolic age and the Church of 
the second century. /éid.6'The Didachographer seems also 
to have some slight acquaintance with Luke and Acts and 
some epistles of Paul. 1888 Duddin Rev. Jan. 141 This would 
give about a.p. 120, as the latest date at which the Didache 
could have been published. 1891 F. H. Cuase Lora’s Prayer 
in Early Church, Against this correction either of the text of 
the Didaché or of the Didachist’s report of his original. 

Didactic (didektik), a. and sb. [mod.ad. Gr. 
ddaxrix-ds apt at teaching, f. dddoxew to teach. 
Cf. F. dédactique (1554 in Hatz.-Darm.)] 

A. adj. Having the character or manner of a 
teacher or instructor; characterized by giving in- 
struction ; having the giving of instruction as its 
aim or object ; instructive, preceptive. 

1658 R, Francx North. Mem. (1821) 54 Must I be didac- 
tick to initiate this art? 1661 WortHinGton 70 Hartlib 
xvi. (T.), Finding in himself a great promptness in such 
1756 J. Warton L£ss. Pope (1782) 1. iii. 101 
A poem of that species, for which our author’s genius was 
particularly turned, the didactic and the moral. 1824 Dispin 
Libr. Contp, 682 The dullest of all possible didactic and 
moral poetry. 1830 Mackintosu Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846 
I. 59 A permanent foundation of his [Hobbes’) fame remains 
in his admirable style, which seems to be the very perfec- 
tion of didactic language. i Bosw. Smitu Carthage 130 
Polybius ..is too didactic—seldom adorning a tale but always 
ready to point a moral. 1878 R. W. Date Lect. Preach. 
viii. (ed. Hak I-do not mean that sermons addressed to 
Christian people should be simply didactic. 

absol. 1754 A. Murruy Gray's-/nn Frnl. No. go P6 Both 
[Eloquence and Poetry] .. have occasionally strengthened 
themselves with Insertions of the Didactic. 

B. sb. +1. A didactic author or treatise. Ods. 

1644 Mitton Educ. Wks. (1847) 98/2 To search what many 
a and Didactics .. have projected, my inclina- 
tion leads me not. 1835 Soutney Doctor III. 162 Acknow- 
ledged in - oldest didactics upon this subject. 

2. pl. Didactics [see -1cs]: The science or art 
of teaching. 

1846 Worcester cites Biblical Repos. 1856 Mrs. Brown- 
nc Aur. Leigh 1. Poems 1890 VI. 38 Didactics, driven 
Against the heels of what the master said. 1860 EMERSON 
Cond. Life, Consid. Wks. (Bohn) II. 412 Life is rather 
a subject of wonder, than of didactics. 1881 J. G. Fitcu 
Lect. Teach. ii. 36 The art of teaching, or Didactics as we 
may for convenience call it, falls under two heads. 

Dida‘ctical, 2. rare. [f. as prec. + -au.] Of 
instructive nature or tendency ; = Drpacric. 

1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph., Didacticall, full of doctrine 
or instruction. 1649 Roserts C/azvis Bibl. 382 Amongst the 
Didacticall or Doctrinall Books. 1711 J. Greenwoop Eng. 
Gram. 255 Never any man labour’d more at the didactical 
Art, or the Art of teaching than he did. : 

Hence Didactica‘lity, didactic quality. 

1827 CartyLe Misc. (1872) I. 230 For a like reason of di- 
dacticality..Wieland could affect me nothing. 

Didactically (didektikali), adv. [f. Dipac- 
TICAL +-LY%.] Jn a didactic manner; in the form 
or with the purpose of giving instruction. 

a 1626 Br. Anprewes Answ. Cal. Perron 50 (L.) Books of 
the Fathers, written dogmatically or didactically. —- 
De Quincey Confess. (1862) 226, I will give it not didactically 
but wrapped up. 1868 GLapstone ¥uzv. Mundi xi. (1870) 436 
He might have done this didactically, or by way of narrative. 

Didactician eee we ).  [f Dipactic + 
“IAN: cf. factician, etc.] One who follows a di- 
dactic method, a didactic writer ; one who writes 
with the aim of instructing. 

Betsey Victorian Poets (1887) 100 He [M. Arnold] 
thus becomes a better prose-writer than a mere didactician 
ever could be. . - 

Didacticism (dide'ktisiz’m). [f. Dinacric 
a.+-I8M.] The practice or quality of being di- 


_ dactic or aiming at the conveyance of instruction, 


1841 Cartyie in Froude Life in Lond. (1884) 1. viii. 223 
Harriet Martineau full of didacticism. a 1849 Poe Long- 
Jellow Wks. 1864 ILI, 365 Didacticism is the prevalent tone 
of his song. 1888 Sfectator 28 July 1096 1 The hardly 
veiled didacticism of novels like those of Miss Edgeworth. 

Didacticity (didektisiti). rare—*. [f. Dr 
DACTIC a, + -ITY.] Didactic quality. 

1827-48 Hare Guesses Ser. 11. (1874) 362 The German pro- 
fessors, of whose uninterrupted didacticity their literature 
bears too many marks, 

Didactive (dide'ktiv), a. [irreg. f. Gr. &- 
daxr-ds taught, or that can be taught +-IVE: after 
words from L, like act-2ve.] =Dinacric. 

171x Suarress. Charac. (1737) I. 258 The way of form and 
method, the didactive or preceptive manner. 1768 A7isc. in 
Ann. Reg. 168/2 Fither drily didactive. .or triflingly volatile. 
1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 330 So ench d was the didactive 
muse with the verses. 82x Lams Zéfa Ser. 1. Old & New 
Schm., He is under the restraint of a formal or didactive 
hypocrisy in company, as a clergyman is under a moral one. 

Didactyl, -yle (daide'ktil), a. Zool. [f. D1-2 

+ Gr. Sd«rvd-os finger: cf. Gr. ddd«ervA-os of two 
fingers} Having two fingers, toes, or claws. 
1819 G. Samovette Entomol, Compend. 157 pec 
claws. 1846 Kirvy & Sr, Zntomol, (1828) II. xxxv. 676 


| 


DIDDER. 


enerality of insects have a didactyle or tridactyle hand or 
. ig Dana Crust, 1. 600 This last pair [of legs] being 
idacty! 


c 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (¢ 1865) I]. 74/2 The 
toes in the didactyle ostrich have res; ive four and five 

ges. 1886 A. Wincnett Walks in Geol. Field 256 
The bovine foot. .its didacty! structure, y 


lous (daide'ktiles), a. Zool. [f. as 
prec. +-0US.] =prec. 

1828 in Weuster. 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. 51 
a me = — to the bog oar condition. 

LAKE Zoo. ‘The palps are e, terminated a di- 
dactylous hand, or thal. by 

Didal(, obs. ff. Dipie. 

tipper (deide:por). Forms: 5 dydoppar, 
6-7 dydopper, 7 didopper, dydapper, dy-dap- 
per, 6-9 diedapper, 6- didapper. [A reduced 
form of DivE-DapPER, in same sense.] 

1. A small diving water-fowl; =DABcHICK. 

c 1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dydoppar, watyr byrde. 

73 Coorer Thesaurus, Collimbris, the birde called a Douker, 
or Did. r. 159% PercivaLt ye Dict., Samerenie, duck- 
ing, diuing, a diedapper. 1591 Sy_vester Du Bartas 1.v. 

75 The nimble ‘Teal, the Mallard strong in flight, The 

i-dapper, the Plover and the Snight. 1621 Burton Axat. 
Mel. 1. ii. 11. i. (1651) 67 All fenny Fowl. .as Ducks. . Didap- 
pers, Waterhens. 1699 R. L'Estrance Col/og. Erasm. (1711) 
11 One while up, and another while down, like a Didapper. 
1837 WHEELwricut tr. Aristophanes 11.142 Daws, chickens, 
coots, wrens, ducks and didappers. 1885 Swainson Prov. 
Names Birds 216 From its diving propensities this bird 
[little grebe] is called Diver (Renfrew); Diedapper (Dorset, 
Hants, Norfolk); Divedapper, or Divedop (Lincolnshire) ; 
Divy duck (Norfolk); Dive an’ dop (Norfolk). 

2. Applied ludicrously to a person. 

1589 Papfe w. Hatchet 3 Such dydoppers must be taken 
vp, els theile not stick to check the king. 1612 R. Carren- 
TER Soules Sent. 20 Thou art a Didapper ing vp and 
downe ina moment. 1727 Pore, etc. Art § inking 83 The 
didappers are authors, that keep themselves long out dda, 
under water, and come up now and then, where you least 
expected them, 1851 Cotton Lacon 1. 163 Wilkes was one 
of those didappers, whom, if you had stripped naked, and 
thrown over Westminster bridge, you might have met on 
the very next day, with .. a laced coat upon his back, and 
money in his pocket. 

Didascalic (didéskeelik), a. [ad. L. didas- 
calic-us, a. Gr. &i8ackadixds fit for teaching, in- 
structive, f. &:daoxados teacher, f. daoxev to teach.] 
Of the nature of a teacher or of instruction ; didac- 
tic; pertaining toa teacher. Hence Didasca‘lics 


| sb. pl.: = Dipactics. * 


1609 R. Barnerp Fatth/. Sheph. 42 This of some is called 
the Didascalike or Doctrinall of aSermon. 1638 A. Sym- 
son in Spurgeon7 reas. Dav. Ps. xxxii. 11. 94 This isa Didas- 
calic Psalm, wherein David teacheth sinners to repent by his 
doctrine. 1718 Prior Solomon Pref., Under what species it 
may be comprehended, whether didascalic or heroic, I leave 
to the judgment of the critics. 1813 T. Bussy (¢7¢/e), 
Lucretius’ Nature of Things, a Didascalic Poem, 1833 
Lytron England §& Eyg. wv. iv, They have no toleration 
for the didascalic affectations in which academicians delight. 
1866 Elgin & Cathedral Guide 1. 110 The didascalic power 
of the tesla : 

So Dida‘scalar a., of or pertaining to a teacher, 
didactic ; nonce-wd. * 

a 1846 WorcesTER cites Butwer for Didascalar. a 
Lytron Ken. Chillingly ix, Give off chaffing..said Bob, 
lowering the didascular intonations of his voice. 

Dida'scaly. Gr. Antig. [mod. ad. Gr. dida- 
oxaXia instruction, teaching; in pl. as in quot. 
So mod.F. didascalie.] In pl. The Catalogues of 
the ancient Greek Dramas, with their writers, dates, 
etc., such as were compiled by Aristotle and others. 

1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle vi. \1887) 79 Did not 
they give to melopoeia, choregraphy, and the sundry forms 
of TsSencalles (printed -ics], the precedence of other 
matters, civil and military? 1849 Grore Greece u. Ixvii. 
(1862) VI. 26 The first, second and third [tetralogies) are 
specified in the Didaskalies or Theatrical Records. 

(dirdaz), v. Now only dial. Forms: 
4 diddir, § didir, dyder, dedir, -ur, 6 dydder, 
7- didder. See also Dirner. [Found in the 
14thec. related to Dapper and Dopper ; the form 
in all being frequentative as in ¢otter, flutter, etc. 

It is not certain whether they belong to an ablaut stem 
did, dad, dod (dud), or whether they are —, onomato- 
poic, didder e.g. being a 1 imi tr lo 
motion, and ler, dudder, dodder, variations expressing 
clumsier or heavier forms of it. Dédder is chiefly northern ; 
Diner, which a rs later, is also midl, and southern, the 
ther anising out of -der as in father, mother, hither, etc.) 

intr, To tremble, quake, shake, shiver. 

1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Johannes 264 Cald (/rigus} .. Pat 


makis wrechis ful chel to diddir. cae fee. Are ae 
rut him to dedur. c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 2 


tus 
Myf dyderis & daris for doute of my dede. c¢ 1460 
Tomnseley Myst. (Surtees) 28, I dase and I dedir For ferd 
of that taylle. ¢ 1§s0 //ye Way to py ered pe 118 in Hazl. 
. PPA. re eet uskysh 
Dydderyng and dadderyng, leaning on their staues. @ 
Urqunart Rade/ais 1. xx. 167 Diddering and shivering his 
aps, as Apes use to do, 1783 AinswortH Lat, Dict. 

(Morell) 1, To didder (shiver with cold), algeo. 1790 Mrs. 
Wueeter Westmld. Dial. = 34 i quite didderd for 
fear. Lonsdale Gloss., Didder, to shiver, to tremble. 

Hence Ditddering vé/. sb. and ffl.a. 

c Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dyde’ for colde, 
1687 A. Lovett tr. Bergerac’s Com. Hist. i, 18 By his ex- 
traordinary chattering and diddering, one half of his Teeth 
dropt out. 1785 Hutton Bran New Wark = D. S.) 347 


knees, and diddering 
payne Gloss., Didderin’-girse, peat ~ vs phe 4 


DIDDLE. 


Diddest, rare f. didst, and sing. pa. t. of Do v. 

Diddle (di-d’l), v.' collog. or dial. [app. a 
parallel form to Dipper, the formative suffixes -LE 
and -ER being somewhat akin in their force, though 
the former is more strictly diminutival. Cf, DappLE, 
Darvte; there are evident analogies both of form 
and sense between didder, dadder, diddle, daddle.] 

+1. intr. To walk unsteadily, as a child; to 
toddle ; =DappiE. Ods. 

Quartes Div. Fancies 1. iv. (1660) 3 And when his 
forward strength began to bloom, To see him diddle up and 
down the Room ! : 

2. intr. To move from side to side by jerks; to 
shake, quiver. a 

aed Burns ae to Major Logan iii, Hale be your heart, 
hale be your fiddle ; Lang may your elbuck jink and diddle. 
@ 1810 TANNAHILL Poems (1846) 60 You .. wi’ your clarion, 
flute, an’ fiddle, Will gar their southern heart-strings diddle. 
1835 D. Wenster in //arp Renfrewsh. Ser. u. (1873) 154 
Wi fiddling and diddling and dancing The house was in 


- perfect uproar. 


3. trans. To jerk from side to side. 
1893 StEvENSON Catriona 173 A fiddler diddling his elbock 
“at the chimney side. 

Diddle, v2 [app. onomatopceic, representing 
the effect of singing, without uttering connected 
words, Dialectally deed/e and doodle are used 
in a similar sense.] dans. To sing without 
distinct utterance of words. 

1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. 1. v1. 3 So all sung diff’rent 
Tunes and Graces, Such as they us’d to lull and diddle To 
froward Infants in the Cradle. 


Diddle (di-d’l), v3 collog. [A recent word, of | 


obscure origin. 

It is possible that sense 1 was transferred from DippLe 7.', 
and was the source of the name DippLer, and that sense 2 
was a back-formation from that word. Sense 2 might how- 
ever, as far as form and meaning go, be related to OE. 
didrian, dydrian to deceive, delude (cf. what is said of the 
suffixes -ev and -/e, under Dippte v.'); but there is an in- 
terval of eight or nine centuries between the known occur- 
rences of the words. It is worthy of note also that doodle 
occurs in the sense ‘to befool’, and that doodle sb. ‘simple- 
ton, noodle’ goes back to ¢ 1600.) 

1. ‘To waste time in the merest trifling’ (Forby 
@1825). Hence 70 diddle away: to trifle away 
(time), to waste in a trifling manner. 

1826 Scott Frui. (1890) I. 250 A day diddled away, and 
nothing to show for it! 1829 /d7d. 17 Feb., I was at the 
Court, where there was little to do, but it diddled away 
y time till two. : 

. trans. a. To cheat or swindle; to victimize ; 
to ‘do’. b. To do for, undo, ruin; to kill. 

1806 Sure Winter in Lond, 11. 127 That flashy captain .. 


may lay all London under contribution. .but he can’t diddle | 


me. 1809 European Mag. LX. 19 We shall soon find our- 
selves completely diddled and undone. 181r0 W. B. Ruoprs 
Bomb. Fur. iv. (1822) 22 O Fusbos, Fusbos, I am diddled 
quite [He dies]. 1817 Lapy Granvitte Letters (1894) I. 
111 He..exclaimed, ‘ Then you are diddled !’ Think of the 
effect of this slang upon incroyable ears ! 1823 Byron Fax 
xt. xvii, Poor Tom was .. Full flash, all fancy, until fairly 
diddled. 1829 Marryat F. besa gh py suppose we 
diddled at least a hundred men, 1859 Sata Tw. round 
Clock (1861) 145 The labourer .. invariably finds himself at 
the end of the week victimised, or, to use a more expressive, 
though not so genteel a term, diddled, to a héart-rending 
extent. 1879 Public Opinion 12 July 42 He may diddle his 
tradesmen. 

b. Zo diddle out of: to do out of, swindle out of. 

1829 Scotr ¥rz/. 27 Mar., 1am diddled out of a day all 
thesame. 1833 Lamp Ze(ét. (1888) II. 285 What a cheap book 
is the last Hogarth you sent me! I am pleased now that 
Hunt diddled me-out of the old one. 1886 A. GrirriTHs 
Pauper Peer i, You were robbed, euchred, diddled out of 
fifty thousand pounds. 

ence Di'ddling vd/. sb. and ffi. a. 

1849 Por Diddling Wks. 1864 IV. 268 Diddling, rightly 
considered, is a compound, of which the ingredients are 
minuteness, interest, perseverance, ingenuity, audacity, non- 
chalance, originality, impertinence and grin. 1894 Westy. 
Fg io May 2/3 No Interference with the Diddling of the 

ublic. 

Diddle, sd. s/angand vulgar. [Three different 
words; cf. prec. vbs.] ‘ 

1. The sound of the fiddle; cf. next. 

1806 J. Train Poet. Reveries (Jam.), In their ears it is a 
diddle Like the sounding of a fiddle. 

2. A swindle, a deception. 2 

1885 Punch 5 Sept. 110(Farmer) And something whispered 
athe diction chaste—It's all a didale ! . Px 

3. A slang name for gin, and in U.S. for liquor 
generally. Hence diddle-cove (s/ang), a keeper 
of a gin or spirit shop. 

¢ 1700 Street Robberies Consider'd, Diddle,Geneva. 1725 
New Cant Dict., Diddle, the Cant Word for Geneva. 1838 
Mayuew Paved with Gold um. i. 252 (Farmer) And there’s 
a first-rate ‘diddle-cove’ keeps a gin-shop there. 

dle- in comb. [Connected with DippLe 
v.1, v3] Diddle-daddle, ‘stuff and nonsense’, 
‘fiddle-faddle’: cf. ¢éttle-tattle. Diddle-dee, a 
name for the shrub Lwfetrum rubrum in the 
Falkland Islands. Diddle-diddle, used to denote 
the sound of a fiddle, or the action of playing it. 
Diddledum (in 6 -dome), used contemptuausly 
for, or-in reference to, something trifling. 

1523 Sketton Gari. Laurel 741 What blunderar is yonder, 
that playth didil diddil He fyndith fals mesuris out of his 
fonde fddill, 1599 Breton Dreame Strange Effects 17 


» clear, and the channel of the river deepened, 


333 


When thou findest a foole for thy diet, feede him with a Dish 
of Diddledomes, for I have done with thee. ¢ 1670 (title of 
song), ‘Diddle-diddle, or the kind country lovers.’ 1778 
Map. D’Arsiay Diary Sept., Mrs. Thrale. Come, let us 
have done now with all this diddle-daddle. 1797 CANNING, 
etc, in Anti- Facobin No. 5. 19 Reason, philosophy, ‘ fiddle- 
dum diddledum’, 18.. Nursery Rime, Hey ! diddle diddle ! 
‘The cat and the fiddle. 1847 Sir J. C. Ross Voy. S. Seas II. 
249 A roaring fire of ‘diddle-dee’ ready to cook our supper. 
1893 Times 27 May 14/1'The open country [Falkland Islands] 
is clothed with short scrub called diddle-dee (Zmpetrum 
rubrum). 

Diddler (disdloz). [Of obscure origin. 

Found first in the name of ‘ Jeremy Diddler’, the chief 
character in Kenney’s farce, ‘ Raising the Wind’, brought 
out in 1803. The name was of course intended to be con- 
temptuous and ludicrous, and it seems probable that it was 
formed on Dinpte 7.* sense 1, or on the first element of the 
earlier diddle-daddle, diddle-dum (see Dipvie-); it is also 

robable that Jeremy Diddler’s characteristic methods of 
raising the wind’, by continually borrowing small sums 
which he does not pay back, and otherwise sponging upon 
people, gave rise to the current sense of the verb (DippLE 
v.° sense 2), of which ‘diddler’ is now naturally viewed as 
the agent-noun.] 

A mean swindler or cheat; one who diddles people 
out of what belongs to them. 

1803 J. Kenniy Raising Wind 1. i, in Inchbald’s Codd. 
Farces (1815) 1. 113 Oh, it’s Mr. Diddler trying to joke him- 
self into credit at the bar. /é/d. 114. I wasn’t born two 
hundred miles north of Lunnun, to be done by Mr. Diddler, 
Iknow. /6éd. 116 [Diddler doguitur] This it is to carry on 
trade without a capital. Once I paid my way .. but thou 
art now, Jerry Diddler, little better than a vagabond. a 1849 
Por Diddling Wks. 1864 1V. 268 Your diddler is guided sd 
self-interest. 1863 Hotianp Lett. Yoneses iii. 48, 1 think 
you are a diddler and a make-believe. 

Dide, obs. f. DEED, died (see Dik v.), did (sec 
Do v.). 

+Di-decahedral, a. Crystal. Obs. [f. F. 
didécaedre (Waiiy) + -Au: see Di- pref* 1.] 
Having the form of a ten-sided prism with five- 
sided bases, making twenty faces in all. 

1805-17 R. Jameson Char. A/in, (ed. 3) 204 Di-decahedral 
felspar. 7 

Didelphian (doidelfiin), a. Zool. [f. mod.L. 
Didelphia (¥. Didelphes, Cuvier 1795), f. Gr. &:-, 
Di- 2 twice + deAgvs womb : see -AN.] Belonging 
to the subclass Dedelphia of the class Mammalia, 
characterized by a double uterus and vagina, and 
comprising the single order of Marsupials. So 
Dide‘lphic, Didelphine, Dide‘lphous aids., in 


same sense; Didelph, Dide‘lphid, an animal of | 


the subclass Didelphia, or of the family Dedelphide 
(opossums) ; Dide‘lphoid a., double, as the uterus 
in the Dedelphia. 

1847 AnstEep Anc. World ix. 197 Insectivorous didelphine 
animals like the opossum, 1847 Craic, Didedphoid. (185 
Ricwarpson Geol. viii. 314 The didelphia have special 
bones, called Marsupial, for supporting the pouch.] 1872 
Mivarr £lem, Anat. 17 eee em mammals, 

Didimist: see Dipymisr. 

Didine (doideain), a. Zool. [f. mod.L. didus 
the dodo+-INE.] Belonging to the family Dedéde 
of birds, akin to the dodo. 

1885 C.F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 158 On the island 
2 erga lived a didine bird, the Pezophaps solitarius 
of Leguat. 

Di:-diwrnal, ¢z. [f. Di-2 twice + Diurvat.] 
Occurring twice a day. 

1854 Woopwarp J/ollusca (1856) 32 Some water-breathers 
require only .. a di-diurnal visit from the tide. 

Didle (dai'd’l}, sd. local, Also 5-8 didal(l, 9 
dydle. [Derivation unascertained: see the vb.] 
A sharp triangular spade, used for cleaning out 
ditches and water-courses ; also a metal scoop or 
dredge fixed to the end of a long pole, used for 
a similar purpose. Hence Didle-man, a didler. 

1490 Chaméberl. Acc. in Kirkpatrick Relig. Orders Nor: 
wich (1845) 316 Paid to the didalmen and other labourers, for 
carrying the muck out of the said ditch [of Norwich Castle]. 
1573 Tusser Hxsé, (1878) 38 A didall and crome for drain- 
ing of ditches. 1688 R. HoLme Armoury 1. 244/1 A Didall 
and Crome to drain Ditches. 1710 Hitman 7usser Redi- 
vivus, Didal, a triangular spade, as sharp as a knife, ex- 
cellent to bank ditches, where the earth is light and pestered 
with a sedgy weed. 1787 in Grose Provinc. Gloss. 1883 

Davies Norfolk Broads xx. (1884) 148 We have ice 
‘dydles’. They are large nets made of wire, at the end of 
a pole, with which we can scoop the broken pieces of 
ice up. 

Didle (dai-d’l), v. decal. Alsodydle. [Cf. prec. 

A suggestion is that dd/e is worn down from dike-delve.] 

a. trans. To clean out the bed of (a river or 
ditch). b. zz¢7. To work with a didle or didling 
scoop. Hence Dialing vd/. sb., Di-dler. 

1803 W. Taytor in Robberds A/em. 1. 471 The older the- 
ology of the reformers is so gone by.. that I should despair 
of the ea to didle in their mud for pearl-muscles. 
@ 182g Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Didle, to clean the bottom 
of ariver. 1835 Municip. Corp, 1st Rept. App. wv. 2465 The 
Surveyor of Didlers [of Norwich] saberiitends the persons 
employed in cleansing the river. 1842 Anz. Reg. 195 
Messrs. Culley and Cossey lately built a didling boat. 1863 
Morton Cycl. Agric. Gloss., Didle (Norf., Suff.), to clean 
the bottom of a river with a didling scoop. 1865 W. WHITE 
East. Eng, 1. 81, 1..saw only a man who appeared to be 
hoeing the river bottom. He..was the dydler. 1883 G. C. 
Davies Norfolk Broads xv. (1884) 112 The tos are kept 

y ‘dydiing’. 


| 
| 


DIDYMATE. 


.. At the end of a long pole is a metal scoop, in the shape 
of a ring, with a network ., attached. ‘This is plunged into 
the river, and scraped along the bottom to the side, where it 
is lifted out and the semi-liquid mud poured on to the rond. 
bid. xvii. 124 The reach had been dydled out. 
+Di-do!. Ods. [Skeat suggests ‘a tale of Dido’, 
an old story.] ? An old story, a thrice-told tale. 

1377 Lanci. ?. Pl. B. xi. 172 ‘It is but a dido’, quod 
pis doctour, ‘a dysoures tale’, [C. has the v.77. a dydo, a 
dico, a dede, abido.] 

Dido 2 (dai-do). U.S. stang. [Origin uncertain.] 
A prank, a caper; a disturbance, ‘ row’, ‘shindy’; 
esp. in phr. fo cut (up) dédoes. 

1843-4 Hatisurton Sam Slick in Eng. (Bartlett), 
Them Italian singers recitin’ their jabber .. and cuttin’ 
didoes at a private concert. 1851 New York Tribune 
10 Apr. (Farmer A se».), We should have had just the same 
didoes cut up by the chivalry. 1869 Mrs. Stowe Oldtown 
Folks 106 They will be a consultin’ together, and cuttin’ up 
didos, * 1893 Q. [Coucn] Delectable Duchy 271 What a dido 
he do kick up, to be sure. FA 

+ Di-do:decahe-dral, a. Cvystal. Obs. [f.F. 
didodécatdre (Haiiy) + -au: see Di- pref? 1.] 
Having the form of a twelve-sided prism, with 
six planes in each base, or twenty-four faces in all. 

1805-17 R. Jameson Cham. Alin, (ed. 3) 204 Di-dodecahe- 
dral asparagus-stone .. is a six-sided prism, truncated on 
the lateral edges, and acuminated on the extremities with 
six planes. 

Bidonia (doiddwnia). A/ath. [From the story 
of Dido, who bargained for as much land as could 
be covered with a hide, and cut the hide into a 
long narrow strip so as to inclose a large space.] 
(See quot.) Hence Didonian a. 

1873 ‘Tarr Quaternions (ed, 2) 191 If we give the name of 
‘Didonia’ to the curve..which, on a given surface and with 
a given perimeter, contains the greatest area, then for such 
a Didonian curve [etc. ]. 

Didopper, obs. form of Dipaprrrr, dabchick. 

Didrachm (doi-drwm). Also 6 didragme, 
didramme, 6-7 didrachme, didram. [ad. L. 
didrachma or didrachmon, Gr. bidpaxpov a double 
drachma; f. &-, Di-2 + dpayyn Dracuma. Cf. 
mod.F. dédrachme.] An ancient Greek silver coin, 
of the value of two drachmez: see DRACHMA. 

1548 Upatt, etc., Evasm. Dar. Matt. xvii. 24 Doth your 
master (quoth they) pay a Didram for trybute? 1g82z N. ‘Tl. 
(Rhem.) Afaéé. xvii. 24 Your maister doth he not pay the 


didrachmes? 1649 Jer. ‘Tavior Gt. E.vemp. i. xiv. 45 
A Sicle or didrachme the fourth part of an ounce of Silver. 
1656 Biount Glossog”., Didram .. an ancient coyn .. of our 


money, it values 157, 1807 Robinson Archevol. Greca v. 
xxvi. 550, 2 drachmz or didrachm= 3d, 1879 H. Puiriirs 
Notes Coins 8 A didrachm of Veliz Lucania presents on 
the reverse a lion destroying a stag. 

Didrachmal (daidrekmal), a. [f. prec. +-AL.] 
Of the weight of two drachme: applied to the 
stater, a gold coin, 

1771 Rarer in Phil. Trans. LXI. 466 The didrachmal 
gold of Philip and Alexander is about 4 grains heavier than 
our guinea, . 

Didst, 2nd sing. pa. t. of Do v. 

+ Didu'ce, v. Ods. [ad. L. didiiccre to pull 
asunder or apart, pull in two, f. Di-1, Dis- + 
diicére to lead, draw. Used in 16-17th c., and some- 
times confused in form with DEDucE.] 

1. trans. To pull or draw away or apart. 

1578 Banister //ist. Man 1. 26 By this y’ arme is dis- 
taunt, and deduced from the ribbes. 1650 Butwer A xthro- 
pomet, 118 It is moved and diduced outward and foreward. 
@1696 ScarpurGH £xclid (1705) 8 ‘The extreams of any 
crooked line may .. be further and further diduced, till the 
crooked line be stretched to a strait line. 

2. To dilate, expand, enlarge. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. i. xxv. § 11. 124 The exposition 
is diduced into large comentaries. 1657 TomLinson Kevou's 
Disp. 307 Its seed brayed and drunk in passum .. diduces 
its passages. 

Diduce, -ment, obs. (erron.) ff. DEDUCE, -MENT. 

+ Didu'ct, v. Obs. [f. L. diduct- ppl. stem of 
didiicére : see prec.} = D1DucE 1. 

1676 Grew Anat. Leaves 1. iv. (1682) 155 The lesser 
Threds, being so far diducted, as sometimes to stand at 
Right-Angles with the greater. 

+ Diduction. Obs. [ad. L. diduction-em, n. 
of action f. didiicére: see DIDUCE and -TION.] 

1. Drawing or pulling apart, separation. 

ax640 Jackson Creed x1. v, By whose diduction or rent 
a place was opened for this future edifice to be erected in 
Him. 1649 Butwer Pathomyot. u. ii, 107 This Diduction of 
the Lips, . 1661 BoyLe Spring of Air ut. iv. (1682) rad The 
strings .. must draw as forcibly as those within the bladder 
so as to hinder the diduction of the sides, 

2. Dilatation, expansion. 

1634 Jackson Creed vu. xxv, By a gentle diduction or 
dilatation, of that sense which was included in the Apostles’ 
Creed. 1664 H. More Myst. /nig. 214 ‘Vhe 1260 days being 
but the Diduction of those larger measures of three times 
and a half or of forty two months in more numerous 
parts. ‘ 

Diductively, obs. (erron.) f. DepucTIVELY. 

Didymate (didimét), a. Zool. and Bot. [f. 
mod.L. didym-us, a. Gr, didup-os twin + -ATE.] 
Paired, twinned ; = DipyMous. So Di‘dymated a. 

1843 Humpnreys Brit, Moths 1. 70 Near the apex is a 
faint didymated brown spot. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 
(ed. 6) 365 The stems are sometimes 1 inch in length, and 
the spherical heads 4 inch in diameter and didymate. 


DIDYMIS. 


|| Di , Anat, Obs. Pl.-es. [f. Gr. i- 
dvpor testicles, orig. ‘twins’.] = Epipmymis. 

[c Lanfranc's Cirurg. 169 Poru3 pis dindimi goi 
arene and — to be Waiokie) 1543 hens gp 
Chirurg. 10 The did ben thin skynnes, which 
the stones, and holde them hangyng. 1547 Boorve Srev. 
Health cccxxii. 104 Of this Si, the two dydy be 
ingendred the which doth discend to the Stones. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., Didymis, a synonym of Epididymis, 


+ Div ist. Ods. In 7 Didimist. [f. Didym- 
us, Gr. wos twin, surname of theapostle Thomas, 


+-18T: cf. John xx. 24-27.] A doubter, sceptic. 

1607 R.C. tr. Estienne's World of Wonders Ep. Ded., 
Those Didymists, who will beleeue nothing except their 
senses say Amen. 1631 R. H. Arraigum, Whole Creature 
x. § 3. 87 If any bee a doubtfull Didimist in this poinct, 
ora dicputefull Scepticke. /bid. xii. § 4. 134 Didimists, 
Sceptecks, or Athists. < 

Didymite ! (di-dimait). =prec. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 465 His ship is a Dydimite 
in pelitics and religion .. he must put forth his finger to 


touch, ere he convinced. 

Di‘dymite?. d/ix. Also erron. didrimite. 
[Named 1843 from Gr. didup-os twin, being thought 
to be one of two minerals containing calcium car- 
bonate in combination with silica.] A micaceous 
schist found in the Tyrol, nearly allied to Mus- 
covite. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 321 Didrimite or Didy- 
mite, 1868 Dana Min. 311. 

Didymium (didi‘mitm). Chem. [mod. f. Gr. 
di5uu-os twin, with ending -1uM used with new 
metals. The name referred to its close associa- 
tion (‘twin-brotherhood”) with /anthanium pre- 
viously discovered, both metals being found asso- 
ciated with cerium.] A rare metal, discovered by 
Mosander in 1841; found only in association with 
cerium and lanthanium. Symbol Di. 

1842 Chemical Gaz. 1, 4 Mosander, the discoverer of lan- 
thanium, has found that these metals are always mixed 
with a third new element (didymium), from which at present 
it is impossible to separate them. 1867 W. A. MILLER 
Elem. Chem. 1. (ed. 4) 166 Small quantities of didymium in 
solutions of lanthanium and cerium, 1892 Dasly News 
11 Feb 3/6 A method of separating cerium from didymium. 

Didymous (dicdimas), a. Aof. and Zool. [f. 
mod.L, didym-us, a. Gr. bidup-os twin + -ous. In 
mod.F. didyme.] Growing in pairs, paired, twin. 

1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. xxxi. 483 The outer ones 
[nectaries) being. .didymous or twinned. 1870 Hooker Séud. 
tora 171 Araliacez .. anthers didymous. 

| Didynamia didiné@mia) Zot, [mod.L. 
(Linneeus, 1735) f. Gr. &-, Di-2 twice, two + dv- 
vayus power, strength ; fancifully referring to the 
superior length of two of the stamens.] The four- 
teenth class in the Linnzean Sexual System of plants, 
containing those with four stamens in pairs of un- 
equal length, and comprehending the Natural 
Orders Ladiate, Scrophulariacex, and other smaller 
groups. 

Hence Di‘dynam, a plant of this class; Didy- 
na‘mian a., Didyna'mic a., of or pertaining to 
the class Didynamia ; didynamous, 

1753 Cuambers Cycl, Suff. s.v., Didynamia. . of this class 
of plants are thyme, lavender, basil, etc. Martyn 
Roussean's Bot, ix. 91 The fourteenth class, didynamia, 
signifying that two of the stamens are stronger than the 
others. 1828 Wesster, Didynam.. Didynamian. 1882 
Ocivie, 1 Nidvnamic, : : 

Didynamous (deidinimas, did-), a. Bot. [f. 
as prec, + -oUS.] Of stamens: Arranged in two 
pairs of unequal length. Also of a flower or 
pt Having four stamens thus arranged; be- 

onging to the Linnzean class Didynamia. 

1794 Martyn Roussean's Bot. xxii. 314 The corolla .. per- 
sonate with four didynamous stamens. 1830 Linney Nat. 
Syst. Bot. 202 Globularinex, stamens 4... somewhat didy- 
namous. 1857 Henrrey Bot. 355 Orebanchacer .. Flowers 
monopetalous, didynamous. /é/d. 357 A general resem- 
blance exists between the. .other didynamous monopetalous 


Orders. 

i (daidinami, did-).. Bot. [f. prec. 
+ -¥: cf. autonomous, autonomy.) Didynamous 
condition or structure. 

1830 Linney Nat. Syst. Bot. 234 The didynamy of Acan- 
thacez is frequently different from that of Scrophularinex 
in the posterior pair of being the long 

Die (dai), sd.1 Pl. dice (dais), dies (doiz). 
Forms: 4-5 dee, 6-8 dye, dy, 6- die. Plur. 
4 des, 4-5 dees, deys, dys, 4-6 dyse, dyce, 5-6 
dis(e, (dysse, 6 dyyss), 5- dice; also 5-6 dyes, 
5- dies. Also Sing. 4-5 dyse, 5-6 dyce, 5-7 
dice; Pur. 4-5 dyces, 5 dises, dices, dycys. 
[Early ME. dé, dee, pl. dés, dees, a. OF. de (nom. 
sing. and obl. pl. 12-14th ec, des), mod.F. dé, pl. 
dés =Pr. dat, dats, Cat. pm Sp., It. dado; in form 
:—L. datum, subst. use of datus, -um ‘given’, pa. 
pple. of dare to give. It-is inferred that, in late 
pop. L., datum was taken in the sense ‘ that which 

given or decreed (sc. by Jot or fortune)’, and was 
so applied to the dice by which this was determined. 
Latinized medizeval forms from It. and Fr. were 
dadus, decius. 


334 


In late OF. the form dey occurs in 14th c.; and des was 
sometimes used in sing. down to 17th c.: cf. the 14-17th c. 
Eng. ee ‘The remarkable point in the 
me word is the change of dé, dés, to dj, 
Rt ‘se, dyce, dice), in the ME. period. The oldest Chaucer 
MSS., Harl., Ellesm., Hengwrt, have dees, which also sur- 
vived as late as 1484 in Caxton, but dj occurs in the other 
Chaucer MSS., and in rime in the leian MS. of Aj 
Alisaunder, part of which is in the Auchinleck MS., attri- 
buted oes cs te olen va aa 1500, dj, dys 
seem to have com y the 2 into the 7 class, the 
fortunes of which they have since shared, As in 
plural s retains its original breath sound, probably 
these words were not felt as ordinary plurals, but as collec- 
tive words; cf. the orig. plural ¢7xce, where the collective 
sense has now passed into asingular. This ation is 
indicated in later spelling by -ce: cf. the umlaut plurals Zice, 
mice, the inflexional forms hence, once, twice, since, and the 
words ice, nice, advice, device, defence, in all which -ce 
represents a phonetic and original -s. In the newer senses 
where the plural is not collective, a form (daiz) of the ordi- 
nary t has arisen; cf. the non-collective later plural 
pennies. 

I. With plural dice. 

1. A small cube of ivory, bone, or other material, 
having its faces marked with spots numbering from 
one to six, used in games of chance by being thrown 
from a box or the hand, the chance being decided 
by the number on the face of the die that turns 
uppermost. b. f/. The game played with these ; 
esp. in phr. at (the) dice. 

a, singular. dee, dye, dy, die. 

1393 Gower Conf. I1. 209 The chaunce is cast upon a dee, 
But yet full oft a man may see [etc.]. 1430 Pilgr. Lyf 
Manhode 1. cv. (1869) 56 Nouht so gret as a as in a dee. 
1570 Levins Manip. 96/41 A dye, alea. 1589 Pafpfe w. 
Hatchet (1844) 2 ee'le cogge the die. 1610 B. Jonson 
Ath. u.i, You shall no more deale with the hollow die, Or 
the fraile card. 1656 Stantey Hist. Philos. vii. 85 So to 
cast the dy that it may chance right. 1680 Cotton Gamester 
in Singer Hist, Cards 336 He puts one dye into the box. 
1705 Mrs. Centiivre Gamester 1, i, Yo teach you the man- 
agement of the die. 1779-81 Jounson L. /., Butler Wks. 
II. 191 ‘To throw a dye, or play at cards. 1882 Hazvitr 
Vable-t. 11. vii. 156 Dependent on the turn of a die, on the 
tossing up of a halfpenny. 1838 De Morcan £ss. Probab. 
74 The real probability that throws with a die shall 
give exactly 1000 aces. 1872 F. Hatt Exempl. False 
Philol. 68 The cast of'a die is absolutely impossible of pre- 
diction. 

B. plural. des, dees, deys, dys, dyse, dyce, 
dise, dice. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11392 Somme pleide 
wyp des and tables. 1340 A yend. 45 Pe 
of tables. 13.. A. Ads. (MS. Laud Misc. 622) 3297 


¢, the 


baude pleiep at pe dys [ed. Weber, deys) Swipe Bay 


fole is wys. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pard. 7.5 They daunce and 
pleyen at dees [so Harl., Heng.; Camb, deis, Petw. dys, 
Corp. dyse, Lansd, dise) bothe day and nyght. 1387 ‘Tre- 
visa //igden (Rolls) VII. 75 Pleyenge wp dees of gold. 
1400 Destr. Troy 1622(MS. @1500) The draghtes, the dyse, 
and ober dregh gaumes. 1474 Caxton Chesse 127 In his lift 
hand thre dyse. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 109 His 
maistre pleyed gladly atte dise. in Eng. Gilds (1870) 
422 The towne clerke to fynde theym Dice. 1481-90 Howard 
Househ, Bks.(Roxb.) 327 For a bale of dysse. Caxton 
Fables of Avian (1889) 21 Whiche doo no thynge but playe 
with dees and cardes. 1495 Act 11 //en. V//,c. 2 § 5 The 
‘Tenys, Closshe, Dise, Cardes, Bowles. 1536 R. Beerzey in 
Four C. Eng. Lett. 35 Sume at cardes and sume at dyyss. 
1556 Chron.Gr. Friars geepery/ 73Wych playd wyth kynge 
Henry the viiit' at dysse. 1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 340 
In casting a paire ofdyce. 1580 Baret A/v. D 656 The life of 
a man is like a game at the dice. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's 
Rom. Quest, (1892) 57 Playing at dice with cokall bones. a 
Drypen -neid 1x. 452 From Dice and Wine the Yout 
retir'd to Rest. 1784 ‘a Bace Barham Downs 11. 54 Lord 
Winterbottom is ruined by the dice. 18a: Byron Mar. Fal. 
1v. ii, They Have won with false dice. 1871 T. Taytor 
Jeanne Dare wi. i, Rough soldiers left their oaths, and 
dice, and lewdness. 

y. singular dice, plural dices : cf. obs. F. sing. des. 

1388 Act 12 Rich. //, c.6 § 1 Les .. jeues appellez coytes 

dyces, gettre de pere. ¢ 142g Voc. in Wr.-Wilcker 666 Hic 
talus, dyse. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dycyn, or pley 
wythe dycys, aleo. ¢ Bh. Curtasye 228 in Babees Bk. 
306 Ne at the dyces with him to play. 1474 Caxton Chesse 
132 He caste thre dyse and on eche dyse was a sise. 
Cath, Angtl. 99/1 Dice, favillus, alea. 1 Huvoet, 
Dice or die, adea, talus, thessera. 1677 Gace Crt, Gentiles 
11, 100 Amongst the Grecians xvBeca signifies a Dice .. the 
cast of a Dice was most casual and incertain. 1 Mrs. 
E. Hevwoov //ist, Betsy Thoughtless 1V. 202 esting 
never to touch a card or throw a dice agai % 

2. In figurative and allusive use; thus sometimes 
= Hazard, chance, luck. 

1548 Haut Chron., Hen. V 56b, When kyng Henry per- 
ceived that the dice ranne not to his fran. tg Ts abstained 
from the assaulte. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 1. ii. 36 His harder 
fortune was to fall Under my speare; such is the dye of 
warre. 1594 Suaks. Nich. ///, v. iv. 10, I haue set my life 
vpon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the Dye.. 1676 

"Urrey Mad. Fickle w.i, The uncertain Dice of Fate 
thus far runs well. 1693 Dennis /mf. Crit. ii. 8 If that Was 
his design, the Author has turn'd the Dice upon him, I gad. 
1742 Younc Né, 7h. vi. 37 When .. th'important dye Of 
life and death spun doubtful, ere it fell, And turn’d up life. 
1844 Disrae.i Coningsby vi. vi, The immensity of the stake 
which he was ing on a most uncertain die. 1871 
Morvey Voltaire (1886) 169 France and Austria were both 
playing with cogged dice. 

b. Phrases. + (a) 70 make dice of (a person’s) 
bones: see quot. 1646, + (6) Zo set (put) the dice 
upon (any one): see quot. 1598. (¢) The die ts 
cast: the decisive step is taken; the course of 


gemenes of des, and | 


DIE. 


action is irrevocably decided. (d) Upon a or the 
die: depending upon a chance or contingency, in 
a critical position, at stake; so /o set upon the die. 


RT y . She i 
be PE reer 


dice of his bones’, the meaning whereof is, that if a pri- 
soner die in execution, after the Crowner has viewed his 
body, the creditor hath dice delivered him at the Crowne 
Office as having all-that he is likely to have. 

b. 1598 Florio, renege 7 -to set the dice vpon one, 

“hou .. takest this iy ope set the dice upon him. 
1699 Bentiey Pha/. Introd. 2 He will put the Dice upon 
his Readers, as often as he can. 

c. 1634 Six T. Hersext 7rav. Aiij b, Is the die cast, 
must At this one throw all thou hast gaind be lost ? ; 


d. 1659 D. Pett /m fr. Sea 230 To recover her young 
when they are upon a dye. /é/d. 393 Ah poor soul. . It will 
not now ted thee, when thou art upon thy dye. 
1821 Byron Sardan. u. i. 139 But here is a the 
die—a kingdom. 1832 Sourney //ist. Penins. War IIL. 
859 be ochejaquelein..set life and fortune thus upon 
the die, 

e. 1858 De Quincey Greece under Rom. Wks. VIL. 317 
It is hardly ‘in the dice’ that any downright novelty of fc 
should remain in reversion for this nineteenth century. 

f. 1530 PAtscr. 629 Make this borde as smothe as a dyce, 
comme vung dez. 1600 Haxtvyt Voy. (1810) III. 256 Goodly 
fields. .as plaine and smoothe as any die. cx710 C. Fiennes 
Diary (1888) 151 Y¢ tide was out all upon the sands at Least 
a mile, wch was as smooth as a Die. 1732 Gay Songs & 
Ball., New Song on New Similies, You'll know me truer 
than a die. 1877 Spry Cruise Challenger xiii. (ed. 7) 226 
Arums climbing fifty feet up large trees as straight as a die. 

3. A small cubical segment formed by cuttin 
anything down. + Also, a small cubical bullet (cf. 
die-shot). ; 

t¢1390 Form of Cury in Warner Antig. Culin. 6 Take the 
noumbles of a calf, swyne, or of shepe, parboile hem, and 
skerne [?kerue] hem to dyce. 1496 Ld. Treas. Ace. Scotl. 
I. 295 For cutting of viij™ and ix dis of irne to the pellokis. 
1549 Privy Council Acts (1890) 11. 350 Dyce of yron. ijm!' ; 
shott of stone, v*. @1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (1652) 1 
Wounded .. with a square die out of a field-piece. 1 
Mrs. Rarratp Eng. House-kpr. (1778) 141 Dish them up .. 
with turnips and carrots cut in dice. 1 B. Wutrsy 
Awakening M. Fenwick 11. 166 She hacked her buttered 
toast intodice, = | 

7. with dice in singular. 

14.. Anc. Cookery in Househ, Ord.(1790) 466 Take fresshe 
braune of a bore sothen, and cut hit in grete dices. —— 
Liber Cocorum (1862) 38 Square as dises shalt hit e. 
1557 Recorpre Whetst. Rij, 1 haue a dice of Brasse of .64. 
vnees of Troye weighte. ‘ 

+b. With negative: never a dyse = not a bit, 
not in the least. Oés. 
oo Destr. Troy 808 Pai..shall.. neuer dere hym a 
dha : ; 
II. with plural dies. 

4. A cubical block ; in Arch. acubical or square 
block of stone forming part of a building; 8 
the cubical portion of a pedestal, between the 
and cornice; =Davo1. +b. A square tablet. 

a. tr, Freart’s Archit. 123 The Italians call it 
the olo, Pillow or Die use of its Cubique and 
solid figure). 1726 Leon: A 's Archit. 1, 13/1 A kind 


may call it the Dye. alg Gorvon Maffet's Amphith. 
Some Plinths, or rai Dyes, se 

Cornish. /bid. Marble, cut thin in preander pent 
pm Warts (J°), Young creatures have 


Get. Pompeiana l, vi. 109 These figures stand. .upon 
little square ifthe or dies. 84 .s Warren tr. De 
Sanicy's Dead Sea 11, 224 The coping. .is composed, first, of 
a cube, or die, measuring nearly six yards on each side. 

5. An engraved stamp used for impressing a design 
or figure upon some softer material, as in coining 


money, striking a medal, ombosting. paper, etc. 
Often used-in re. which may be dissimilar, ey impressing 
unlike designs on opposite sides of the thing stamped (as in 
coining), or nding, one in relief and one counter- 
sunk (as in an embossing stamp). 

To bring 


ng ip 

1699 in M. Smith Mem. Secret Service App. ¥ 

or send to him oe it'd rae 

©1724 Swirr Consid. Wood's Coinage Wks. 1761 e 9 
ir 


(1859) IL. 123 i 
‘old, twent’ rege gS ane Oe 
‘eedle- 1 ng 

means of dies fixed in a stamp, after the manner of making 

buttons. 1879 H. Purtiirs Addit. Notes Coins 1 The por- 

trait is reduced. .to the size it is to occupy on the die. 1879 

Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 263/1 The die .. is a block of 

steel welded in a larger block of iron, the impression of the 

intended work cut in its face. 


fi ment of a hollow screw for cutting the thread 
of a.omaie bok . The bed-piece as a support 
for metal from which a piece is to be pun and_having 
an opening through the piece is driven. ¢. Forging. 


DIE. 


A device consisting of two parts which act together to give 
to the piece swaged between them the desired form. d. 
Brick-making. A mouth-piece or opening through which 
the clay is forced, serving to mould it into the required form. 
e. A part of.the apparatus used in crushing ore: see quot. 
1881. f. Sh king, etc. A shaped knife for cutting out 
blanks of any required shape and size: cf. Die v.? 

1812-6 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. & Art I. 39 The best out- 
side screws are .. cut with what are oid stocks or dies. 
1833 Hottann Manuf, Metal 11. 197 The interstices are 
then filled by the insertion of the hardened steel dies. 1856 
Farmer's Mag. Nov. 406 (Brick-making) The mouthpiece 
or die is about half-an-inch deeper and half an inch broader 
than the stream of clay after it passes through the moulding 
rollers to the cutting apparatus. @ 1875 CHAMBERLAIN in 
Ure Dict. Arts 1. 529 As soon as it has... forced the clay of 
one box through the die .. the plunger returns and empties 
[the other] box of clay through a die on the opposite side. 
1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., Die, a piece of hard iron, 
placed in a mortar to receive the blow of a stamp, or ina 
pan to receive the friction of the muller. Between the die 
and the stamp or muller the ore is crushed. 1885 //arfer’s 
Mag. LXX, 282 By means of ‘dies’, or sole-shaped knives, 
in a die-machine, required shapes, sizes, and widths are cut 
out. Before the use of dies, soles were ‘rounded out’ by 
geo .Steam-power and revolving die-block [were] applied 
in 1857. 

7. Sc. “A toy, a gewgaw’ (Jamieson). 

(Also in nursery language de-die, Identity with this word 
is doubtful.) 

1808 JAMIESON, Die, a toy, a gewgaw, Loth, 1816 Scorr 
Antig. xxi, ‘The bits o’ weans wad up .. and toddle to the 
door, to pu’ in the auld Blue-Gown that mends a’ their 
bonny dies.’ 1816 — O/d Mort. x,‘ Ye hae seen the last 0’ 
me, and o’ this bonny die too’, said Jenny, holding between 
her finger and thumb a splendid silver dollar, 

8. attrib. and Comb., as die-like, -shaped adjs. ; 
die-block, -machine (see 6f); +die-bone, the 
cuboid bone of the tarsus; +die-shot, shot of 
cubical form, dice-shot ; die-sinker, an engraver 
of dies for stamping (see 5); so die-sinking; die- 
stake: see quot. 1874; die-stock, the stock or 
handle for holding the dies used in cutting screws 
(see 6a); die-wise a. and adv., in the manner of 
a die, ina cubical form, See also the compounds 
of Dice. 

1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. 234 It is knit by Synar- 
thesis to the *Die-bone. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II. 29 This 
must .. be left to the experience of the *die-forger. 1688 
R. Hotme Armoury ut, 378/1 A... *Die-like figure four 
—— every way; a square solid. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 
IL. 29 ‘The very cross-grained, or highly crystalline steel. .ac- 
quires fissures under the “die-press. 1878 Huxtey Physiog7. 
148 A huge “die-shaped mass of stone. 1581 Stywarp J/art. 
Discipl. u. 143 Such as haue *die shot .. contrarie to the 
Cannons & lawes of the field, 1815 Chron. in Ann, Reg. 
317/2 Employed by ..*dye sinkers and ornamental en- 
gravers, 1893 Daily News 3 July 2/7 Medallists and die- 
sinkers have been very busy. .in view of the Royal wedding. 
1874 Knicut Dict, Mech, 1. 592 s.v. Coining-press, Vhe 
lower die is on what is termed the *die-stake, and gives the 
reverse impression, 1863 Smites /udust. Biogr. 238 He.. 
seems to have directed his attention to screw-making. .and 
[made] a pair of very satisfactory *die-stocks. 1674 N. 
Farrrax Buck & Selv. 128 In *die wise or cubically. 1702 
Tuoressy in Phil, Trans, XXV. 1864 The heads not Die- 
wise, as the large Nails now are, but perfectly flat. 

Die, s4.2 slang. [f. Die v.!] Only in phr. Zo 
make a die (of it)=to die. 

1611 CotGr., Fouir aux taupes, to turne vp the heeles; 
goe feed wormes, make a dy. Jbid., Tirer les chausses, to 
kicke vp the heeles ; to makeadye. 1819 Metropolis 1. 58 
I thought he was going to make a die of it! Why, he’s as 
old as the Hills. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 238/2, ‘I be- 
lieve you're trying to make a die of it’, said the doctor, 


Die (doi), v.! Pa. t. and pple. died (doid); 
pr. pple. dying (doitin). Forms: a, 2-4 de3-en, 
dei-e(n, 3 dei3-en, deaiz-e, 4 day-e, 4-5 deghe, 
4-6 dei(e, dey(e, (5 deyn), 4-6 (worth.) de, 4- 
dee. 8, 4-5 diz-en, dy3-en, digh-e, dygh-e, 
dy-en, di-en, 4-7 diy, (5 dyi), 4-8 dye, 4- die. 
Pa. t. a. 3 deizede, deeide, deaide, 3-5 deid(e, 
4 daide, dayed, dejed, deied(e; orth, deyt, 
ded, 4-5 deyd(e, deyed, 5 deghit, -et, -t, 5- 
north, deed, deit, deet. 8. 4 dyede, 4-5 dyde, 
4-6 dide, (5 dyet), 4-8 dyed, 4- died. [Early 
ME. déjen, déghen, corresp. to ON. deyja (orig. 
apyja, OSw. and ODa. dota, Da. die, Sw. dé), 
OF ris. deta, deja, OS. déian, OUG. touwan, MHG. 
touwen ; these represent an OTeut. strong verb of 
the 6th ablaut class *daw-7-an, pa. t. déw, pa. pple. 
dawan-, the strong inflexions being retained in 
ON. (d6-:—*déw, déinn :—*dawans). In the other 
langs, and in Eng. a regular weak verb, No in- 
stance of the word is known in OE. literature (its 
sense being expressed by steovfan, sweltan, or the 
periphrastic wesan déad, pa. t. wes déad: see DEAD 
1d) hence it is generally held to have been early 
lost in OE, (as in Gothic, and as subsequently in 
all the continental WGer. langs.), and re-adopted 
in late OE. or early ME. from Norse; but some 
think that the facts point rather to the preservation 


of an OE, dzegan, dégan, in some dialect ; the word’ 


appears to have been in general use from the 12th 
c., even in the s.w. dialects (see Napier in HZst. 
Holy Rood, E.E.T.S., 18945. The ME. deen, 
déghen came regularly down to 1500 as deye, which 


835 


was retained in the North as dey, dé, dee (still cur- 


rent from Lancashire to Scotland) ; but in standard | 


English déghe was in 14th c. (in conformity with 


the common phonetic history of OE. eh, eah, eoh, 
as in dye, eye, fly, high, lie, nigh, thigh, etc.) nar- 
rowed to 3c, dighe, whence the later dye, de. 

The oldest text of Cursor M. (Cotton) has only dey; in 
the later texts this is frequently altered to dighe, dye, when 
not in rime, in the late Trinity MS, sometimes even in rime, 
with change of text. Chaucer used both dey and dye, the 
C. T. (Ellesm, MS.) contains in the rimes 22 examples of 
deve and 50 of dye. Both forms are also used in the Wy- 
clifite version, and both occur in Caxton’s works, 

‘The stem daz- appears also in Gothic in the ppl. a. dawJs, 
OE. déad (-daud-oz) Dean, and the sb. daupus, OF. déap, 
Deatu3 also in afdéjan (:-afdéw/an)\, pa. pple. afdanid- 
(:-afiéwid-) vexed, worried. (The relationship of Gothic 
diwané, undiwanei, etc. is uncertain.) ‘The simple verb has 
shown a notable tendency to die out, and leave its place to 
be taken by derivatives : thus in Gothic dax}uan to die.] 

I. Of man and sentient beings. * literally. 

1. zntr. To lose life, cease to live, suffer death ; 
to expire. 

The proper word for this, and more especially for the 
cessation of life by disease or natural decay (to which it is 
often restricted dialectally), but also used of all modes of 
death, as ‘to die in battle’, ‘at the stake’, ‘at the hands of 
justice’. 

a. Forms de3-e(n, dey-e(n, dei3-e(n, dei-e(n, 

day, de, dee. (After 1500, north. Eng. and Sc.) 

¢ 1135 //oly Rood (1894) 14 Forpan Se ic nu de3en sceal. 
c 1205 Lay. 28893 Pe alde king dezede. _/die. 31796 Al folc 
gon to dezen, a@x225 Ancr. KR. 108 Me schal er deien. 
/bid. 110 He polede sundri pine, & deizede.  c12z90 S. Eng. 
Leg. 1.62/311 Heo deide pane pridde day. @ 1300 Cursor AT, 
24139 (Edin.) Latte vs deien samin [Co?t. dei, /aix/. deye]. 
13.. /bid, 16762 +119 (Cott.) Him was not geue. . plas, War-on 
he mi3t dee fayre. .but deed he3e in peair, 13.. /d7d. 11323 
(Gott.) pat heo dede suld neuer dei, Til he suld se crist self wit 
ei [Z7in. ALS, deze, e3e]. 13... Sir Bees 3135 Pat emperur 
ne3 daide, His wif confortede him & saide. 1375 BArsour 
Bruce \, 430 Hys fadyr..deyt tharfor in my presoun. c 1380 
Sir Ferumb. 5738 Ech man schal rysen on such aray As he 
dayep ynne. c1380 Wyc ir IWV4s. (1880) 296 Crist deyede 
to destrie pis heresye & alle his martyrs aftir deyeden. 1382 
— Rom. xiv.8 Where we deien, we deien to the Lord. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Prioress’ T. 82 And eek hire for to preye To been 
oure help and socour when we deye. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 921 
All dropet the dule as he degh wold. 762. 9551 ‘Vhe buerne 
deghet. a 1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) Ixxii, ‘Thenne sone 
aftur the kinge deet. c1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Deyyn, 
mortor. c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 40 It gars me 
quake for ferd to dee. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace u. 127 Than 
wist he nocht of no help, bot to de. 1483 Caxron Gold. 
Leg. 142/2 Hys fader and moder deyden. 1489 — Sonnes 
of Aymon iii. 79 Noble knyghtes deyeng full myserably 
vpon the erthe. ax1sgo00 Nuthrown Maid xxiv. in Arn- 
olde's Chron, (1811) 202, I [shal] dey sone after ye be gone. 
1552 LynpEsAy Monarche 6114 Neuer to de agane. «a 1605 
MontGomgEriE Soxn., lix. 5 To see Sa many lovers, but re- 
demption, dee. @ 1800 W. Dovuctas Song, For bonnie Annie 
Lawrie, I'd lay me down and dee. 1861 E. WauGu Birtle 
Carter's Tale 11 Yo desarven a comfortable sattlement i’th 
top shop when yo dee’n. 

8. Forms di3-e(n, dy-e(n, di-e(n, dye, dy,die. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14306 He was so 
wounded, he most dye. 13.. Cursor M. 7959-60 (Gitt.) For 
pu sal witt pat i sal noght lye pe son of tecabe he sal die 
[Co/t. lei, dei, Fazxf. legh, degh, 7777. ly3e, dize]. 13... 
Guy Warw.(A.) 630 Felice said to Gij, pou dost folie patow 
wilt for mi loue dye. 13.. 2. £. Addit. P. A. 306 pa3 for- 
tune dyd your flesch to dy3e. 13.. Song of Yesterday 
87 in £. &. P. (1862) 135 A mon Sat nou partep and dis 
[rime wys]. ¥ Wycuir Rev. xiv. 13 Blessid the deede 
men, that dien in the Lord. ¢1386 Cuaucer M/idler’s 7. 627 
And for the smert he wende for to dye, As he were wood for 
wo he gan tocrye. @ 1400-50 A /e-xander 1260(Ashm. MS.) 
To do as drizten wald deme & dyi [4/S. D. dye] all to- 
gedire. 1477 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. No, 806 III. 207 
Yf Idyghe ny the Cyte of London. 1483 Cath. Angi. 
To Die, mori, 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. cccxv. 485 TS 
dye in prison. 1553 ‘I. Witson Xhet.(1567)19 b, Undoubtedly, 
the lawier neuer dieth a begger. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars 
(Camden) 3 Thys yere this kynge Henry the thirde dyde. 1633 
Ear Mancu, A/ Mondo (1636) 142 He that will live when 
he dyes, must dye while hee lives. 1635 A. Starrorp Fem. 
Glory (1869) 147 Her armes express the Crosse whereon He 
dide. 165x Hospes Leviath. u. xix. 99 Not onely Monarchs, 
but also whole Assemblies dy. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. vil. 
S44 In the day thou eat’st, thou di’st. 1695 WoopwarpD 

‘at, Hist, Earth (1723) 28 The Shell-fish .. live and dye 
there, 1712 Popr Sfect. No. 48 ® 6 Little Spirits that are 
born and die with us. 1727-38 Gay Faddes 1. xxvii. 50 So 
— and dy’d. 1728 Newton Chronol. Amended 37 

ome of these Archons might dye before the end of the ter 
years. 1769 Jounson in Boswell Le (1847) 211 It matters 
not howa man dies, but how he lives, 1807 Worpsw. White 
Doe vit. 313 At length, thus faintly, faintly tied To earth, 
she was set free,and died. 1847 TENNyson Princ. v1 Song 4 
She must weep or she will die. 


b. Const. To die ofa malady, hunger, old age, 
or the like ; 4y violence, the sword, his own hand; 
Jrom a wound, inattention, etc. ; ¢hrough neglect ; 
on or upon the cross, the scaffold, a¢ the stake, 2 
battle ; for a cause, object, reason, or purpose, for 
the sake of one; formerly also wzth a disease, the 
sword, etc.; ov his enemies (i.e. falling dead above 
them). In earlier use the prepositions were em- 
ployed less strictly. : 
¢1200 ORMIN 8656 Sibbenn shule witt anan Off hunngerr 
dezenn babe. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 850 Of 
his burbe his moder deide. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. App. ii. 887 (B. 
M. Add. MS.) No womman..dien ne schal of hure childe. 
c 1400 Destr. Troy 6528 All pat met hym..dyet of his dynttes, 


DIE. 


1483 Caxton G. de la Tour Dv, Yf they ete of that fruyte 
they shold deye of it. 15380 Barer Adv. D 643 To die of the 
plague. 1590 Suaxs, J/ids. N. 11. i. 130 She being mortall, 
of that boy did die. 1597 — 2 //en. /V Epil. 31 Falstaffe 
shall dye of a Sweat. 1658-9 E. Bopvite in Hatton Corr. 
(1878) 17 Like to diy of the small pox. 1716 Appison 
Drummer v.i, Vhe wound of which he dy'd. 1796 Burns 
Lett. Mr. Cunninghant 7 July, If 1 die not of disease, 1 must 
perish with hunger. 1892 Du Maurier eter /bbetson 247 
I thought I must die of sheer grief. 

1382 Wycuir /zek, vy. 12 The thridde part of thee shal die 
bi pestilence. @163r Donne Poems (1650) 10 We can dye 
by it, if not live by love. 1643 Dennam Cooper's H. 315 
Disdains to dye By common hands. 1683 Cod. Rec. Penn- 
syfv. 1. 95 A Calfe that Dyed, as they thought by Witch- 
craft, 

¢ 1340 Cursor AT, 26847 (Fairf.) Oft man deys borou [Coté, 
ofJan wounde. 1382 Wyciir Ve. xvi. 29 Ifthur3 vsid deeth 
of men thei dien. /d¢d. xxiii. 1o Dye my soule thur3 the 


| deeth of riz3twise men, A/od. If the child had died through 


neglect. 

13.. Cursor M. 17153 (Cott.), I haf .. ded on pis rode tre. 
Tbid, 9039 \Gitt.) God pat dide apon pe rode, ¢ 1400 Dest. 
Troy 427 Whan Criste on the crosse for our care deghit. 
1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 90 He that died on 
the cross was long a-dying. 1820'I’. Ketty //ymn, We sing 
the praise. .Of him who died upon the cross. 

@1300 Cursor M. 16762+89 \Cott.) When pou deed for 
drede. ¢1300 /avelok 840, I wene that we deye mone For 
hunger. ¢1380 WycuiF I¥/:s, (1880) 8 Redy to dye for cristin 
mennus soulis, ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn vil. 27 heading, 
‘The whiche deyde for sorowe. 1552 Hutort, Dye for the 
lone of a womanne, Perire feminam. 1553/1. Witson Rhet. 
(1580) 177, I can not chappe these textes in Scripture, if 
I should die for it. 1580 Barer AZ. D 643 Willing to die 
for ones safetie. 1881 Prrvin Guasso’s Cru. Conv. ut. 
(1586) 129, I should die for verie shame. 1599 Haktuyr 
Voy. 11.11.73 Shortly after they all die for hunger and cold. 
1600 Suaks. A. ¥. LZ. 1v. i, 108 Men haue died from time 
to time, and wormes haue eaten them, but not for loue. 
1654 WuitLock Zovtomia 121 Though he dye for it, he 
cannot think of it. 1655 H. VauGHan Siler Scint. 1. Ded. 
(1858)15 My God! thou that didst dye for me. 1713 STEELE 
Guardian No. 17 ® 7 But child .. can you see your mother 
die for hunger. 1832 ‘Tennyson J/ay Queen 21 ‘They say 
he’s dying all for love. A/od. To die for one’s opinions. 

1382 Wyciir Yer. xvi. 4 With dethes of siknyngus thei shul 
die. ¢1386 Cuaucer Monk's 7. 711 ‘Vhe place in which 
he schulde dye With boydekyns. c¢1400 Destr. Troy 8273 
Thow dowtles shall dye with dynt of my hond. a 1612 
Donne Buadavaros (1644) 52 Annibal.. dyed with poyson 
which he alwaies carryed in a ring. a@1672 Woop Life 
(1848) 8 His grandmother Penelopie. died with grief. 1692 
FE. Wacker Epictetus’ Mor. xvi, ‘Yo dye with Thirst and 
Hunger. 

1sgr Suaxs. Two Gent. u. iv. 114 He die on him that saies 
so but your selfe. 1712-14 Pork Rape Lock vy. 78 Nor 
fear'd the Chief th’ unequal fight to try, Who sought no 
more than on his foe to die, 

e. To die zz a state or condition. 

@ 1300 Cursor MM. 25850 (Cott.) Qua pat dees in dedli sin sal 
duell in bale. 1382 Wycuir Jer xxxi. 30 Eche in his 
wickednesse shal die. 1549 Compl. Scot. ili, 25 Cleopatra 
vas lyike to dee in melancolie. 1552 HvuLoer, Dye in great 
debte, Relinguere debituim., 1703 MAUNDRELL Journ. Ferus. 
(1732) Lett. ii. 3 To dye in the Romish Communion. 17 
Cowver 77roc. 150 Would die at last in comfort, peace, and 
joy. Zod. He died in poverty and neglect. 

d. To die poor, a beggar, a martyr, a millionaire, 
ete. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 108 Heo ouh for to deien martir in hire 
meseise. 1393 Gower Conf. II, 55 Lo, thus she deiede a 
wofull maide. 1553 [see 18]. 1671 Mitton 7”. XR. 1. 422 

3utso dy’d Impenitent, 1683 SAtmon Doron Med. 1.17 They 
dye(asit were! laughing. 1781 Cowper Retirement 14 Having 
lived a trifler, died a man, 1842 TENNYSON Vision of Sin iv. 
144 Yet we will not die forlorn, 1883 Century Mag. XXV. 
765/t Her old friend had died a bankrupt. 1894 WoLsELEY 
Marlborough \. 246 He was every inch a sailor, and died 
an ‘Admiral. 

2. To die a (specified) death : to die by or suffer 
a particular death. 

Death prob. represents the OF, déaZe instrumental, in 
déape sweltan, L. morte mori: it was in ME. also preceded 
by various prepositions, ov, 77, a, 0, of, by, with; but is now 
generally treated as a cognate object. In die a death, a 
was prob. originally the preposition=o7, 0 (see quots. ¢ 1200, 
¢ 1386) but came to be treated as the indefinite article. 

a. with instrumental case, or equivalent preposition. 

[cgo0 lfrea’s Laws 14. 15 in ‘Thorpe I. 48 (Bosw.) He 
sceal deabe sweltan. a 1178 Cott. Hom. 221 Pu scealt deade 
sweltan. c12z00 Trin. Coll, Hom. 181 Pu shalt a dede 
swelte.] 13.. Cursor M. 660 (Cott.) O [Haizx/, Wit, Gott. 
Of, Zxix. On] duble ded pan sal 3ee dei. 1382 Wyctir 
Gen. ii. 17 In what euer day sotheli thow etist there of, with 
deth thow shalt die [x Thou schalt die by deeth [Vulg. 
morte morieris|, — | a xili. 22 Bi deeth die we [Vulg. 
morte moriemur), for we han seen the Lord. — Ezeh, 
xxviii. ro In deeth of yncircumcydid men, thou shalt die. 
1386 Cuaucer Meld, ¥ 606 Bettre it is to dye of [so5 /SS.; 
Harl. on, Petw. a] bitter deeth. ¢1450 Merlin 52, | knowe 
not what deth this fole shall on dye. ¢1477 Caxton Yasonu 
42 If I dye not of bodily deth I shal dye of spirituel deth, 
1483 — G. de fa Tour Gv, Your sone deyd this nyght of 
a good dethe. cxgoo Me/usine 247 To deye of an euyl 
deth, 1625-6 Purcuas Pilgrims IL, 1041 He died of his 
naturall death. 

b. without preposition. 

13.. Sir Benes 341, 1 ne reche, what deb he dige, Sippe he 
be cold. 13.. Cursor M, 952 (Gitt.) And sipen dobil dede 
to dei [Cott., Fairf. wit, Trin. on doubel dep]. /déd. 10917 
(Gétt.) He pat first na dede miht die [Co¢¢. na ded moght 
drei]. 21460 Zowneley Myst. (Surtees) 6 Thou shalle dye 
a dulfulle dede. @1533 Lv. Berners Huoz cxxv. 453 He 
wolde cause the emperour to dye an yll dethe. 1535 Cover- 
DALE Nu, xxiii. 10 My soule die y® death of y® righteous, 
and my ende be as the ende of these. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 
1v. ii, 158 He shall dye a Fleas death. 1602 WARNER Add. 
Eng. 1x, xlv.(1612) 212 But twentie two a naturall death did 


: DIE. 


die. 1610 Suaks. Tem, este? baw faine dye a dry death. 
x6rr Biste Fokn xviii. 32 6 ar what death he should 
i 


die. 1687 Sertie Ref. 2 85 I 'le die a thousand deaths 
before I’ le do so or so, 1832 Tennyson Miller's Dau. xii, 


Love dispell'd the fear That I should die an early death. 
e. To die the death: to suffer death, to be put 

to death, 

Dr. Johnson (Shaks, (1765) 1. 311) says _‘“die the death” 
seems to be a solemn phrase for death inflicted by law.’ 

1535 CoverpaLe Yudg. xiii. 22 We must dye the death, 
because we haue sene God [Wycuir Br deeth die we]. 
1s8r Lamsarve Liven. u. vii. (1588) If one do burne 
a dwelling house maliciously, he shall die the death for it. 


1 Suaks. Aids. N.1. i. 65 Either to dye the death, or to | 


abiure For euer the society of men. 1611 — Cyd. Ww. ii. 


97 Dye the death: When I haue slaine thee with my proper | 


and, Ile follow those that euen now fled hence. 1801 
Soutney 7halaba 1x. xxxix, And in that wild and despe- 
rate agony Sure Maimuna had died the utter death. ~ 
Tennyson Lancelot & Elaine 866 [He] had died the deat 
In any knightly fashion for her sake. 

3. In varions phrases, describing the manner or 
condition of death. (Sometimes {g:: cf. 10.) 

To die game, to maintain a bold and defiant bearing to the 
last, i. e. like a gamecock ; whence by contrast fo die dung- 
hill; to die hard, i.e. with difficulty, reluctantly, not with- 
out a struggle; 40 die in one’s bed, i.e. of illness or other 
natural cause, the opposite of which is fo die in one's shoes; 
to die in harness, i.e. in full work; to die in the last ditch, 
i.e. in defending the last ditch of an entrenchment, to fight 
to the last extremity; and in other similar phrases. 

1523 Lv. Berners /7viss. 1. 1xxxiv. 107 We shall not forsake 
you to dye inthe quarrell. /é/d. I. ccvi. 243 Tyll he had 
made an ende of his warr.. or els to dye in the payne. 
1631 RurnHerrorp Left. 1. ix. (1881) 384 It cannot stand 
with his honour to die in the burrows. 1663 lagellum, or 
O. Cromiwell Pref. (1672) 3 He had the fortune .. to dye in 
his bed. a1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Die like a Dog, 
to be hang'd.. Die on a Fish-day, or in his shoes, the same. 
Die like a Rat, to be ysoned. 1712 HEARNE Collect. 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 341 He dy'd in his Shoes ; his Domes- 
ticks say of an Apoplexie. a1715 BurNeET Ozun Time (1766) 
I. 457 There was a sure way never to see it lost, and that 
was to die in the last ditch. 1805 Azn. Reg. 370 Declaring, 
in cant terms, that they would ‘die game’. 1811 Syp. 
Situ Wes. (1867) 1. 203 Nothing dies so hard .. as intoler- 
ance. 1825 On Bullbaiting i. (Houlston Tracts 1. xxviii. 
5), I don’t intend to die dunghill. 1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ, 
1. xi, (1876) 294 Reform is slow, and abuses die hard. 1867 
Homeward Mail 16 Nov. 951/2 Mr. P. A. Dyke has died 
in harness at his post as Government agent. 1868 M. Par- 
TISON Academ. Org. v. 129 Learning in Oxford died hard and 
yielded up its breath not without many a struggle. 1870 
SpurGeon 77reas. Dav. Ps. x. 15 Very few great persecutors 
have ever died in their beds. 1871 Freeman Norvr. Cong. 
(1876) IV. xvii. 42 Men who.. had actually died in arms 
against him. 1875 Srupes Cowst. /Vist. III. xxi. 544 Like 
most medieval workers they all died in harness. 

b. Never say die: never consent or resign oneself to death; 
never give in. 

1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Never say die—down upon your 
luck. 1880 Payn Confid. Agent III. 161 Never say die 
while there ’s a shot in the locker. 

4. To suffer the pains or dangers of death; to 
face death. 

1382 Wyciir 1 Cor. xv.31 Ech day I deie for 30ure glorie, 
britheren. 1526-34 TinDALE ¢6/d., By oure reioysinge which 
I have in Christ lesu oure Lorde, I dye dayly. 1633 [see 1B). 

** transf, and fig. 

5. Theol. To suffer spiritual death; ‘To perish 
everlastingly’ (J.): cf. DEATH 5. 

1 Hampote Pr. Consc. 8159 Pai salle ay deghand lyf, 
and lyfand dyghe, And ever-mare payns of ded pus dryghe. 
I Wycir £zek. xviii. 4 The soule that shal synne, the 
ilk shal die. 1 Bk. Com. Prayer Burial of Dead, And 
whosoever liveth, and believeth in him, shall not die eter- 
nally, 1627 HaKEWILL Aol. (1630) 512 So long as God shall 
liue, so long shall the damned die. 

6. 7o die unto; to cease to be under the power 


or influence of; to become dead unto: cf. Rom. vi. 2. 


1648 Westm. Assembly's Shorter Catech. Q. 35 Sanctifi- | 


cation. .whereby we. .are enabled more and more to die unto 
sin, and live unto righteousness. 

7. To suffer pains identified with those of death ; 
(often hyperbolical) to languish, pine away with 
passion ; to be consumed with longing desire ; 40 
die for, to desire keenly or excessively. 

1g9t Lyty Endym. 1. iv, The lady that he delights in, and 
dotes on every day, and dies for ten thousand times a day. 
1593 Nasue Christ's 7. 33a, He saw him swallow downe 
a bitte that he dyde for. 1599 Suaks. Much Ado mi. ii. 69 
And in despight of all, dies for him. 1610 — Ze, m1. i. 79 
And much lesse take What I shall die to want. a 1631 
Donne Poems (1650) 14 Deare, I die As often as from thee 
I goe, r7xx Avpison Sfect. No. 86 P 2 Nothing is more 
common than for lovers to . ——, despair, and dye in 
dumb show. 1832 Tennyson “lednore 141-8, I die with 
my delight .. I would be dying evermore, So dying ever, 
Eleiinore. Mod. collog. 1 am dying for a drink. 

b. 70 be dying to do (something) : to long greatly. 

1709 Prior Celia to Danton 8 That durst not tell me, what 
I dy'd to hear. 1721 Sreece Spect. No. 254 P 3 She dies 
to see what demure and serious Airs Wedlock has given 

‘ou. 1780 Map. D'Arstay Diary May, Mrs. Bowdler has 
long been dying to come to the point. 1786 /did. 17 July, 
Miss P—, who was. .dying with impatience to know. .every- 
thing about me, 1832 L. Hunt Sr Fy Foose The 
secret was dying to escape him. 1893 G. ALLEN Scallywag 
I. 20 The pretty American's dying to see you, 

ce. To die with or of laughing : to be exhausted 
by laughing. 

1596 Suaxs. Tam, Shr. m. ii 243 Went they not her w 44 
I should die with laughing. 1606 — 7. §& C7. 1. iii. 176 
this sport Sir Valour dies; cries .. giue me ribs of Steele, 
I shall split all In pl my Spl 1778 Mav. 


| “die into offensive 


336 


D’Arpiay Diary 23 Aug., An account he gave us ., would 
have made you die with laughing. 1796 Jane Austen 
Pride & Prey. vi. (1813) 194, I was ready to die of laughter. 

_ II. Of non-sentient objects, substances, quali- 
ties, actions. 

8. Of plants, flowers, or organized matter: To 
lose vegetative life ; to cease to be subject to vital 
forces ; to pass into a state of mortification or de- 
composition, 

1382 Wyctiir 1 Cor. i That thing that thou sowist, is 
not quykenyd, no but it deie first. ¢1420 Pallad. on Husb. 
ut. 642 Thai wol multiplie There as all other treen and 
herbes deye. 1513 Douctas 4neis 1x. vii. 149 Lyke as 
the purpour flour.. Dwynis away, as it doith faid or de. 
1578 Tusser Husé, (1878) 85 Good quickset bie, Old gatherd 
will die. 1599 SHaxs. Hen. V, v. ii. 42 Her Vine.. Vn- 
pruned, dyes. 1607 Topset. Four-/. Beasts (1658) 477 The 
same part of his tail which is beneath the knot will da after 
such binding, and never have any sense in it again. 1707 
Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 62 'Yhe Plant, grown dry and 
withered..must dy. ¢ 1820 SHELLEY Autumn 2 The pale 
flowers are dying. 1855 Tennyson Maud v1.i.6 The shinin 
daffodils die. 1869 Huxtry Phys. i. (ed. 3) 22 Individual 
cells of the epidermis and of the epithelium are incessantly 
dying and being cast off. 

b. Said of the heart: To cease to beat; to 
sink as in swooning. 

1611 Bisce 1 Sam. xxv. 37 His heart died within him, and 
he became asa stone. 177: Smotiettr //umph. Cl. 26 — 
P18 My heart seemed to die within me. 1795 Soutney Yoan 
of Arci.2go It might be seen. . by the deadly paleness which 
ensued, How her heart died within her. 

9. fig. Of substances: To lose force, strength, 
or active qualities, to become ‘dead’, flat, vapid, 
or inactive. 

1612 Wesster White Devil iv.i, Best wine, Dying, makes 
strongest vinegar. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 390 
Plaster is said to die when it loses its strength. 

10. Of actions, institutions, states, or qualities: 
To come to an end, pass out of existence ; to go 
out, as a candle or fire; to pass out of memory, to 
be utterly forgotten. 

a 1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 211 Pine pinen buruwen me 
. from pene dead det neuer ne deied. 1387 Trevisa Higden 
(Rolls) I. 7 (M&tz.) Dedes pat wolde deie, storye kepeb hem 
euermoge. c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 600 As cornes that wol 
under growe her eye, That but thou lete hem oute, the sight 
wol die. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw, /\”, 240 In whose person 
died the very surname of Plantagenet. 1577 B.Gooce Heres- 
bach's Husb. 1. (1586) 110 The coles that are made of the 
Pine tree .. die not so fast as the other. 1580 Baret A@z. 
D 643 Loue vtterly dieth, or decaieth. ag re 3 Hen. 
VJ, u. vi. 1 Heere burnes my Candle out; I, heere it dies. 
1599 — Much Ado v. i. 301 So dies my reuenge. 1710 Pri- 
peAux Orig. Tithes v. 237 But he dying the same year he 
published them [Laws], they also dyed with him, 1711 Appt- 
son Sfect. No. 26 ® 5 When I look upon the Tombs of the 
great, every Emotion of Envy dies in me, 1820 SHELLEY 
Ode Liberty ix. 13 Art, which cannot die. 1847 TENNYSON 
Princ. 1. 189 Speak, and let the topic die. 1871 Morey 
Voltaire (1886) 7 A fragile and secondary good which the 
world is very willing to let die. 1892 Du Maurier Peter 
[bbetson 247 It is good that my secret must die with me. 

b. Sometimes more directly fig. from 1. 

1594 Hooker Eccé. Pol. 1. xvi. (1611) 50 All these con- 
trouersies might have dyed, the very day they were first 
brought foorth., 1 Suaxs, 1 Hen. IV, 1. iii. 74 What 
euer Harry Percie then had said. .May reasonably dye, and 
neuer rise To do him wrong. 1601 — 7wel. N.1.i.3 The 
appetite may sicken, and so dye. 1610 — 7emp. u. i. 216 
Thou let'st thy fortune sleepe : die rather. 

11. To pass gradually away (esp. out of — or 
sight) by becoming fainter and fainter; to fade 
away. 

[1581 Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 58 b, The fault 
of some,who suffer the last letters to die betweene their teeth] 
1 Pore Windsor For. 266, 1 hear sweet music die alon; 
the grove. 1715-20 — //iad u. 126 Fainter murmurs dy’ 
upon the ear, 1826 Disragit Viv. Grey v. xii, The words 
died on Vivian’s lips. 1832 Tennyson Miller's D. AR 
I watch’'d the little circles die. 1859 — Elaine 323 
living smile Died from his lips. 

12. To pass by dying (z¢o something else) ; to 
pera (into something) at death or termination, 

1633 Eart Mancu. A/ Mondo (1636) 27 The brightest dayes 

dye into dark nights, but rise againe a mornings. 
Bre. Hatt Remedy Discontents 20 The day dyes into night. 
1742 Younc Nt. Th. vi. 697 The world of matter, with its 
various forms, All dies into new life. 1755 — Centaur ii. 
87 He that lives in the kingdom of Sense shall die into the 
kingdom of Sorrow. 1784 Cowrer ask 11. 96 ‘The rivers 
Is. 1842 Tennyson Day-Dream 188 
The twilight died into the dark. 

b. Archit. To m into, lose itself by yoains 
into; to terminate ually 2 or against. Cf. 13 c. 

1 . Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 88 A Parapet. .is let into, 
or le to die against the Columns. 1859 Jeruson Brittany 
xviii. 291 The mouldings of the arches die into the pillars. 
1870 F. R. Witson Ch. Lindisf. 116 There is a staircase 
turret which dies into the tower. 

III. With adverbs, forming compound verbs. 

13. Die away. a. To pass away from life gra- 
dually ; to faint or swoon away. 

1707 Curios. in Husb. §& Gard. 62 We see several Plants 
grow dry, and dy away. 1711 Appison Sfect, No. 3 7 

he fainted and died away at the sight. 1713 — Cato. 1v. 
i, I die away with horror at the thought. 1725 Pore Odyss. 
xiv. 401 Oh ! had he .. in his friend’s embraces dy'd away ! 
182r SueLtey Prometh, Und, u. ii. 21 meotes dying away 
On its mate’s music-panting bosom, « W. Browne 
Grk. Classical Lit. (1857) 138 My feeble pulse forgot to 
play, I fainted, sank, died away. 


DIE-AWAY., 


b. To diminish gradually in force or activity 
and so come to an end; to fade away, cease or dis- 


ap gradually. ; 

Hacke Coélect. Voy, (1699) 11. 15 The wind in the 
mean time dying away, I was becalmed. 1706 A. Beprorp 
Temple Mus, ix. 172 Voices. .seem to die away. 1712 


Sreere Sfect. No. 427 P2 Thus groundless away. 
1792 S. Rocers Pleas. Mem, u. 91 At his feet the bende 
dies ets 1837 Disrarii Venetia wi. vii, The day died 
away, and still he was wanting. 1840 R. H. Dana hee Mast 
xxv. 81 The breeze died away at night. ALL 
Glac. 1. xxiv. 175 The direct k = 9 each avalanche had 
died away. 

e. Archit. and Carpentry. To pass or merge 
gradually into the adjacent structure. Cf. 12 b. 

1869 Six E. J. Reen Ship-build. v. 76 To be 2 feet di 
amidships and to extend across until they die away wit 
rise of floor. 1873 Fercuson in Tristram Land of Moab 
373 The arch must have died away against the towers. 

+d. trans. To cause to die or come to an end. 
rare—', 

1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) Med Sp little and 
little, in such a gradual sensible death .. aa away in 
us, as I may say, all human satisfaction, in order to subdue 
his poor creatures to himself. 

14. Die back. Said of the recent shoot ofa plant: 
To die from the apex back to the woody or peren- 
nial part. 

Cf. die down ; herbaceous plants die down to the ground, 
tender shoots die back to the old wood. 

1850 Beck's Florist Nov. 265 ‘Vhe shrub.. will in a manner 
prune itself, or at least those shoots that require removing will 
die back, and there will be only the dead wood to cut away. 

15. Die down. a. To subside gradually into a 
dead or inactive state; to die away. 

1834 Kesie in Lyra A fost. (1849) 58 The deep knell dyin; 
down. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 179 Lunghi Ayieg awn 
as the great knight Approach'd thems, 1874 Green Short 
Hist. vi. § 1.267 The war died down into mere massacre and 
brigandage. Antiguary May 222 The tin trade of 
— died down. Mod. The fire was left to die down 

itself. 

b. Of plants: To die down to the ground, while 
the underground stem and roots survive. 

1895 Home Garden 40 To secure perfect blooms [of Crocus], 
the foliage must be left to die down of its own accord. 
Mod. This Polygonum attains a height of ten feet, and 
yet dies down entirely in the winter. 

16. Die off. a. To go off, be removed or carried 
off, one after another, by death. 

1697 Dampier Voy. I. 113 It is usual with sick men coming 
from the Sea Air to dye off as soon as ever they come 
within the view of the Land. 1741 Ricuarpson /amela(1742) 
III. 292 A Gentleman's Friends may die off, 1807 Sournry 
Espriella's Lett. U1. 100 The Russian soldiers .. sickened 
and died off like rotten sh 1840 Dickens regen 
vii, Accustomed to wish with great emphasis that the whole 
race of women could but die off. 1857 Buckie Civélis. I. 
xi. 649 That generation having died off. A/od. If the cattle 
and other stock are not sold off, they will die off. The 
cuttings in the frames damped off, the plants in the green- 
house died off. 

b. transf. Of sounds, etc.: To die away, to 
pass away. 

1722 De For Plague (1884) 10 This Rumour died off 

ain. 1805 Fuinpers in PAdl. Trans, XCVI. 245 On the 
wind dying off .. it descended quickly to 30 inches. 1 
Browninc La Saisiaz 45 If pray eer throes of the prelude 
die not off into the swell. 1886 Sir F. H. Dovie Reminis- 
cences 175 So the debate died off. - 

7. Die out. a. Of a family or race (of animals 
or plants): To be (gradually) extinguished by 
death ; to become extinct. 

1865 Seetey Loce Homo iv. (1866) 38 His house soon dies 
out. 1866 Mrs. Cartyte Left. ILI. 306 So sad that one’s 
family should die out. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) ILL. 163 
Barbarous nations when they are introduced by Europ 
to vice die out. 1887 F. B. Zincxe Hist, Wherstead 173 
They never bore any more fruit, and gradually died out. 

b. To go out, or come to an end (gradually) ; to 

away or become extinct by degrees. 

1853 Kane Grinnell Exp, xxvii. (1856) 219 The lard-lamp 
died out in the course of the night. 1872 Freeman Gen, 
Sketch xii. § 21. 232 In go villainage was on the 
whole dying out. 1885 7yuth 11 June 936/2 Public interest 
had flagged and gradually died out. 1887 A thenwumn7 May 
603/3 To tell how the religions of Greece and Rome died 
out. 1892 Du Maurier Peter Jbbetson 43 The last red 
streak dies out of the wet west. 

+18. Die up. To die off entirely, to perish. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4703 (Cott.) Pan deid pe bestes vp biden, 
Thor } pe hunger pat oe sa is ¢€ 140 Tbid. 4831 (Trin.) 
of folke seed xP al by dene. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 42 

is peple died up by gret mortalite of pestilence, 1553-87 
Foxe A. § d/. (1596) 76/1 Most part of the husbandmen .. 
died up with the famine and pestilence. . 

Die, v. [f. Die 54.1] ¢vans. To furnish with 
adie; to mould or shape with a die. 

1703 T. N. City § C. Purchaser 213 The Sheathing-nail 
ought not to go through the Plank..and the Head must be 

1 clasped, or died, so as it may sinkintothe Wood. 1885 
Harper's Mag. LXX. 282 Every machine-made shoe also 
has an ‘inner sole’ died out or moulded, to correspond in 
shape with the ‘ outer sole’. 

Die, obs. form of Dyx z. and sé, 


Die‘-a’ , a [from the verbal phr. 70 die 
away: see Dir v.113.] That dies away or has the 
air of d away; langui 


ig oi A j 
‘ARIAN Moore Lascelles 11. 196 If I thought you 
liked that die-away Miss. 1832 Examiner 229/2 He 
a die-away love-ditty. 1840-1 S. WARREN 10,000 a Year I, 
124 The die-away manner in which she moved her head. 


or, 


_— 


ey ee ee ee 


. Tagis a stretching: 


DIEB. 


1871 G, Merepitn 17, Richmond xxv. (1889) 227 The Mar- 
gravine groaned impatiently at talk of such a die-away sort. 

| Dieb (dzb). Zoo/. [a. Arab. 435 070, ‘wolf’, 
also in some districts ‘jackal’, = Heb, IN} 2¢°é% 
wolf.) A species of Wild Dog or Jackal (Cans 
anthus) found in Northern Africa. 

1829 Fiscuer Synopsis Mamma. 181 ‘ Dieb’ of the Arabs. 
1869 Gray Cat. Carnivora in Brit. Mus, 189. 

Die’-back, s/. [from the phrase /o die back: see 
Dir v.114.] The fact of dying back; the term 
for a disease affecting orange-trees in Florida, etc., 
in which the tree dies from the top downward. 

1886 in S. Fattows Suppl. Dict. 

Diecious, etc., var. Diacious, ete. 

|| Diectasis (daijektasis). Pros. [a. Gr. déx- 
see Di-3 and Ecrasis.] 
Lengthening by the interpolation of a syllable. 

1894 A thenvum 29 Dec. 884/1 From the scientific point of 
view there is .. not a word to be said in favour of such 
grammatical monsters as €ys and épaao6e, But it is perfectly 
easy to see how they arose from a misunderstanding of the 
‘Epic diectasis.’ ! 

iedapper, obs. f. Dipaprper, dabchick. 
Diedral, var. DIHEDRAL. 


+ Diegema‘tical, a. Obs. [f. Gr. byynya- 
tuc-ds descriptive +-AL.] Of the nature of a nar- 
rative or description ; descriptive. 

1624 Br. Mountacu /xvocation Saints 184 That which he 
({Nazianzen] hath is diegematicall, not by way of conclusion, 
or of approbation, E 

|| Diegesis (doitdzrsis).  [a. Gr. d:fyno0s nar- 
ration, narrative ; in a speech, the statement of the 
case, f. dinyéopac to describe, narrate.] A narrative’ 
a statement of the case. 

1829 R. Taytor (¢7#/e), The Diegesis, being a Discovery of 
the Origin, Evidences, and Early History of Christianity. 

+ Diego (dyégo). Obs. [Sp. Diego, the Christian 
name James, being that of the patron saint of Spain 
see also Don Diego s. v. Don.] 

1. Aname fora Spaniard: cf. Daco, (Also attr7d.) 

cx6x1 J. Taytor (Water P.) Laugh § be Fat, Wks. (1630) 
72/1 Next followes one, whose lines aloft doe raise Don 
Coriat, chiefe Diego of our daies. To praise thy booke, or 
thee, he knowes not whether, It makes him study to praise 
both, or neither. 1659 Davenant Play-House to Let 11. 
Dram. Wks. 1873 1V. 55 The Diegos we'll board to rum- 
mage their hold. 1667 Drypen S77 Martin Mar-all i. ii. 
This hungry Diego rogue. 1687 M. Cuirrorp Notes Dryden 
(N.), That were as Diego said of the poor of his parish, 
All the parish. 

2. A Spanish sword, or one of the same sort. 

1709 STEELE 7atler No. 39 ® 4o Insulted by a Bully with 
along Diego. 1867 SmytH Sazlor’s Word-bk., Diego, avery 
strong and heavy sword. 

3. Name of a variety of pear. 

1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 21 Pears .. Bing’s Pear, 
Bishop’s Pear (baking, Diego [etc. ]. 

Die'-hard, sé. and a. [from the phrase /o die 
hard: see Dik v.1 3.] 

A. adj. That dies hard, resisting to the last. 
B. sé. One that dies hard; spec. an appellation of 
the 57th Regiment of Foot in the British Army. 

1 W. H. Maxwe tt Sforts §& Adv. Scotl. x, (1855) 100 
The Die-hards (57th regiment). 1856 J. W. Cote Brit. Gen. 
Penins. Warl. v. 200 note. 187% Standard 28 Jan., Ducrot, 
who is a good die-hard general of brigade. 1871 Daily News 
1 Feb., Some 20,000 die-hards are determined to get up into 
that keep and hold out for a spell longer. — W. R. 
Livettyn in Dict. Nat. Biog. XX1X. 8/1 At Albuera the 
57th occupied a position as important as it was deadly. 
* Die hard! 57th’, said Inglis, ‘die hard!’ They obeyed, 
and the regiment is known as the ‘ Die-hards’ to this day. 

Dieidism (dai,ai‘diz’m). Azo’. [f. Gr. 5- two 
+ ¢@5-os form + -I8M.] The condition of having 
two different forms at different stages of life. 

1874 Lussock Orig. § Met. Ins. iv. 80 Those cases in 
which animals or plants pass through a succession of different 
forms might be distinguished by the name of dieidism or 
polyeidism. 

Dielectric (dai,*lektrik), sd. and a [[f. Di- 
pref. =Gr. &-, ba- through + ELEcrric.] 

A. sb. A substance or medium through or across 
which electric force acts without conduction ; a non- 
conductor; an insulating medium. 

1837 Farapay in PAil. Trans. (1838) I. 25 The particular 
action described occurs in the shell-lac .. as well as in the 
dielectric used within the apparatus. 1838 — xf. Res. 
(2839) 364 My view that electric induction is an action of the 
contiguous particles of the insulating medium or dielectric. 
Note. 1 use the word dielectric-to express that substance 
through or across which the electric forces are acting. (Dec. 
1838.) 1881 MAxwett Electr. § Magn. 1. 462 The resistance 
of the greater ber of lectrics diminishes as the 
temperature rises. 1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th. 
Electr. §& Magn. 1. 184 The dielectric, in Faraday’s lan- 
guage, has inductive capacity. It is less for air and the 


rmanent gases than for any solid dielectrics, and rather- 


less for vacuum than for air. 
B. adj. 

1. Having the property of transmitting electric 
effects without conduction ; non-conducting. 

1871 A thenzum 10 June 723 He supposes. . that the sheaths 
of the muscular fibres are dielectric. 1885 Watson & Bursury 
Math. Th. Electr. §& Magn. \. 77 Such a medium, consi 
as transmitting these electrical effects without conduction, 
is called a Dielectric medium, and the action which takes 
place through it is called. . Jnduction, 

Vor. III. 


337 


2. Relating to a dielectric medium, or to the 
transmission of electricity without conduction. 

1863 ATKINSON tr. Ganot's Physics (1886) 685 ‘The action is 
..analogous to that of the pole of a magnet on a piece of 
soft iron; and Faraday called it dielectric polartsation. 
1881 Macrar.ane in Nature No. 620. 465 By the dielectric 
strength of a substance I mean the ratio of the difference of 
potential required to pass a spark through air under the 
same conditions. 1881 .4 thenxum 5 Feb. 203/2 [A paper on] 
‘Dielectric Capacity of Liquids’, by Dr. Hopkinson. 

Diele‘ctrically, adv. [f. pree. +-an + -Ly2.] 
In a dielectric manner ; by dielectric action. 

1881 4 thenvum 16 Apr. 529/3 On the Internal Forces of 
Magnetized and Dielectrically Polarized Bodies. 

Diem [{L.=day|, in phr. fer diem: see PER. 

||Diencephalon (doaijense‘falpn). Avat. [mod. 
L., f. Gr. ét-, éa- through (Di-2) + éyépador 
brain: see ENcEPHALON. Representing Ger. sw- 


schenhirn.}] The middle brain; that division of | 


the brain between the mesencephalon and prosen- 
cephalon; also called Deutencephalon or Thalam- 
encephalon. Wence Diencepha‘lic a., pertaining 
to the diencephalon. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diencephalon, 

Dieng, obs. form of dyzzz: see Dix v. 

+ Diennial, a. Obs. rave—°. = BIENNIAL. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Dicnnial, of or pertaining to two 
years, 

Diep(e, obs. form of Drrr. 

Dier (daia1). rare. Also 6 dyer. [f. Dir v.! 
+ -ER!.] One who dies; one who suffers, or is 
liable to, death. 

1570 Piththy Note to Papists (1862), Many sundry deaths 
doo bring the dyers endles shame. 1638 SuckLinc Brez- 
noralt 1.1, Dead, as live; Well, goe thy wayes, for a quiet 
drinker and dier, 1887 Jrssorp in 19th Cent, Dec. 839 
‘T suppose I am a dier’, she said. .‘ Lused to think I should 
never die’, 

Dier, obs. form of Dear, Deer, DYER. 
Dieresis, dieretic, var. Drmrxsis, -FTIC. 

| Dies (deizz). The Latin word for ‘day’; 
used in certain phrases. 

a. Dies iree, ‘day of wrath’, the first words, and hence 
the name, of a Latin hymn on the Last Judgement ascribed 
to Thomas of Celano (¢ 1250). 

b. Dies non (short for dies non Juridicus), in Law,aday 
on which no legal business is transacted, or which is not 
reckoned in counting days for some particular purpose. 
Also in other legal phrases : see quot. 1848, 

1607-72 CoweE Lt /uterpfr., Dics..A legal day, and that is 
of two sorts, 1. Dies Furidicus, and 2. Dies non Furidicus. 
Dies F¥uridicié are all dayes..given in Term to the Parties 
in Court. Dies non Furidici are all Sundayes in the year, 
besides, in the several Terms particular dayes. 1805 Scorr 
Last Minstr. vi. xxx, And far the echoing aisles prolong 
The awful burthen of the song,—Dies ira, dies illa, Solvet 
seeclum in favilla. 1825 Hone Lvery-day Bk. 1.156 A Sun- 
day..is a dies non, or no day in law. 1848 Warton Law 
Lex., Dies amoris (the day of love), the appearance day of 
the Term on the fourth day, or gvarto die post. It was the 
day given by the favour and indulgence of the court to the 
defendant for his appearance, when all parties appeared in 
court, and had their appearance recorded by the proper 
officer. Dies datus, the day of respite given to a defendant. 
.. Dies furidicus, a court day... Dies non Juridicus, not 
a-court day. 1860 THackeray Round. Papers (1863) 196 
The idea (des zrz !) of discovery must haunt many a man. 
1887 Ruskin Preterita 11. 213 Men have been curiously 
judging themselves by always calling the day they expected, 
‘Dies Irae’, instead of * Dies Amoris’. 

|| Diesis (dai‘ésis). Pl. dieses (-iz). [a. L. 
diests, Gr. Sieois a quarter-tone, lit. a sending 
through or apart, f. diévar to send through, f. da 
through + vac to send.] 

1. Mus. a. In ancient Greek music, a name given 

to several different intervals smaller than a tone; 
esp. the Pythagorean semitone, equal to the differ- 
ence between two major tones and a perfect fourth 
(ratio 243:256). b. In modern music, the interval 
equal to the difference between three major thirds 
and an octave, or between the chromatic and dia- 
tonic semitones (ratio 125:128); usually called 
enharmonic diesis. 
4 +398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxxi. (1495) 941 Diesis 
is the space and doynge of melodye and chaungynge out of 
one sowne in to a nother. 1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 
Annot., Diesis is the halfe of the lesse halfe note, 1694 
Hotpver Harmony (1731) 121 The Ditone, made by these 
two Degrees, is too much by a Diesis (128 to 125), @ 1734 
Norrn Lives (1826) 11. 210 He makes great ado about divid- 
ing tones major, tones minor, dieses and commas. 1867 
Macrarren Harmony i.8 Theeffect of the Enharmonic diesis 
is employed by no means rarely in. .musical performances. 

2. Printing. The sign f, usually called ‘ double 
dagger’. 

[Formerly used to denote a diesis in Music: cf. 1727-51 
CuamBers Cycd. s.v., ‘The chromatic, or double diesis, 
denoted by a double cross.’ In French, the sign of the 
‘sharp’ $ is called diése.] 

1706 Pures (ed. Kersey), Déesis .. among Printers it is 
taken for a Mark, otherwise call’d a Double-dagger }. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 701/x Diesis (Printing), the 
dou ble dagger (t), a reference-mark, 

Diet (doi-et), sd.1 Forms: 3-6 diete, (5 diat, 
dyette, 5-6 dyete, diette), 5-8 dyet, (6 diot, 
dyot, dyat, dieat, dyeat), 5— diet. [a. OF. dete 


(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),=Sp., Pg., and It. dze¢a, | 


ad, L. dixda (in med.L. diéta), a, Gr. dtarra ‘mode 


DIET. 


of life’. (Supposed to be connected with (dew 
to live: see Meyer Gr. Gram. § 261.)] 

+1. Course of life ; way of living or thinking. 

ve a same diet, of a different diet, both of a diet, i.e. sort 
or kind. 

¢ 1400 Beryn 1431 Ech day our diete Shall be mery & solase, 
& this shall be for-zete, 1567 777ad/ 7 reas. (1850) 31 Behold- 
howe a lie can please some folkes diet! 1612-5 Br. Hatt 
Contempl., O. T. x. ii, Either this was the Sonne himselfe, 
or else one..of the same diet. /é/d. xv. vi, Worldly mindes 
think no man can bee of any other then their owne dyet. 
1618 — Seri. v. 104 Francis of Assise and he were both of 
a diet. a@1656 — Nem. Wks. (1660) 255 The minds of 
men may be of a different diet. 

2. esp. Customary course of living as to food: 


way of feeding. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. 7. 188 He wolde been the moore 


mesurable Of his diete sittynge at his table. c¢1470 
Henry Wadlace iv. 333 Off dyet fayr Wallace tuk neuer 
kepe; Bot as it come, welcum was meit and sleip. 1531 


Eyot Gov, 1. xiii, He wyll .. enquire what skyll he hath 
in feedyng, called diete, and kepyng of his hauke from 
all sickenes. 1635 N. Carrenrer Geog, Del. u. xv. 259 
Scarcity inuites the mountaine dwellers to a more sparing 
and wholesome diet. 1774 J. Bryant J/ythoé. II. 261 He 
brought mankind from their foul and savage way of feed- 
ing to a more mild and rational diet. 1838 Prescott /erd. 
& Is, (1846) IT. v. 360 He maintained the same abstemious 
diet amidst all the luxuries of his table. 1866 LivinGstone 
Last Frnl, 23 Dec. (1873) I. vii. 162 A meat diet is far from 
satisfying. 

3. Prescribed course of food, restricted in kind or 
limited in quantity, esf. for medical or penal rea- 
sons; regimen. Hence fo put fo a diet (F. mettre 
A la ditte), o heep or take diet (F. observer une 
diéte). 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. T.18 No deyntee morsel passed 
thurgh hir throte.. Attempree diete was al hir phisik. c 1400 
Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 72 Pe firste tretis is of gouernaunce & 
diete of men pat ben woundid. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xix. 334 
(Add, MS.), There was a man-sleer taken, and put into 
prison, and put to his diete. 1495 Actr1 len. 1/7, c. 28 1 
He to be sette. .in Stokkis by the space of vj daies with like 
diete as is before reherced. @ 1533 Lp. BERNERS Gold. BA. 
M. Aurel. (1546) M vijb, ‘The ydeotte kepeth diete from 
bookes and resteth on his meate. 1g9t SHaks. 7'7wo Gent. 
i. i. 25 ‘To fast, like one that takes diet. 1603 — A/vas. for 
M. 1, i, 116 Past cure of the thing you wot of, vnlesse they 
kept very good diet. 1655 Movrer & Bennet Health's 
Improvent. (1746) 68, I define Diet .. to be an orderly and 
due Course observed in the Use of bodily Nourishments. 
21735 ArpuTHNot John Bull Postscr. Swift’s Wks. 1751 
VI. 166 He.. by Diet, Purging, Vomiting, and Bleeding, 
tried to bring them to equal Bulk. 1741 Jounson LZ. 7, 
Morin, To preach diet and abstinence to his patients. 1841 
Ecpuinstone //7st. /nd. 1. 455 They rely most on diet and 
regimen, and next, on external applications. 

4. Food; the provisions or victuals in daily use, 
viewed as a collective whole, especially in relation 
to their quality and cffects. 

1225 Aucr. R.112 Vnderstonded, hwuc was his diete pet 
dei, iden ilke blodletunge! So baluhful & so bitter! 1398 
Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vit. ly. (1495) 268 In chyldern the 
vryne is thycke by cause of gleymy diete. c14z0 Anturs 
of Arth. xv, With alle dayntethis on dese, thi dietis are di3te. 
e555 HarpsriELtp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 202 Kept in 
prison with coarse and thin diet. 1579 Lyty Auphues (Arb.) 
129 That the babe be..not fedde with counterfaite dyet. 
@ 1682 Sir ‘Tl. Browne Tracts (1684) 17 The Athletick Diet 
was of Pulse, 1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess 
Bristol (1887) I. 241 Herbs or roots (without oil) and plain 
dry bread. That is their lenten diet. 1856 Kane Avct. 
Expl. I. xiv. 144 ‘Vhe dogs were too much distended by 
theirabundant diet to move. 1868 GLADSTONE Yuv. AJundi 
v. (1870) 128 Nay, even a change of diet confronts us .. the 
ox ceases to be used as food. 

b. fig. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 41 Yet are they 
[plays] not fit foreuery mansdyet. 1823 Lams £/ia Ser. 1. 
Some Sonnets of Sydney, A thin diet of dainty words. 

+5. An allowance or provision of food. Oés. 

1533 Ord. Hen, VIII in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser.1. 11. 30 We 
..commaunde you to alloue dailly from hensforth unto. .the 
Lady Lucye..the dyat and fare herafter ensuyng. 1611 
Bite Yer. lii. 34 And for his diet, there was a continuall 
diet [Coverp. lyuynge] giuen him .. euery day a portion 
(Cov. a certayne thinge alowed him]. 1663 Evetyn Diary 
20 Aug., It was said it should be the last of the public diets 
or tables at Court. 1671 F. Puitiirs Reg. Necess. 370 The 
young Lords or Nobility had a constant Table or dyet in 
the Court. i 

+b. Board. Obs. exc. Hest. 

1485 Rolls of Parlt, 293 The said Prince shall sojorne and 
be at diettez with the yng. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. JV, 1. 
iii. 84 You owe Money here besides, Sir John, for your Dyet. 
1602 — //am.1.i. 99 Young Fortinbras .. Hath .. Shark’d 
vp a List of Lawlesse Resolutes, For Foode and Diet. 
1621-51 Burton Axat. Mel. 1. ii. 11. xv, He shall have .. 
ten pound per annum, and his diet. 1645 Evstyn J/em. 
(1857) I. 204 Here many of the merchants“. have their lodg- 
ing and diet as in a College. 1792 CuirpMan Amer. Law 
Ref. (1871) 27 The bond was taken for the prisoner’s .. diet 
and to secure the gaoler’s fees. 1878 Simpson Sch, Shaks. 
I. 74 The king .. gave him 3,000 ducats more, besides the 
daily expenses of his lodging and diet. ie 

+6. Allowance for the expenses of living. Ods. 

a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 24 This must cause 
her comyn diette to be the more for the high estate of her 
proper person. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 27 Suche like 
diettes, rewardes, profites and commodities. . for their attend- 
ance vpon the saide Chauncellour, ¢1540 Br. Bonner in 
Wyatt's Poems Pref. (1854) 41 If he were a good husband, 
the diets of iiij marks would find his house. . after a far other 
sort than it is kept. xgsx Sir R. Moryson Lett. to Cecil 
Jan. 20 (Recd. Off.) Is my land so increast sins my cummyng 


“out..that men do thynke I may serue the Kyng without 


my dyettes? 165: Hospes Leviath. u. xxiv, “9 Cannons 


DIET. 


wealths can endure no diet ; onciing tale expense is not 
limited by ther own appetite, but external accidents. 
[1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. (1893) III. xix. 338 ‘The 

Ih of the ambassador, or, as they were , his 
diets, were ever unpaid.] 

7. Comb., as diet-bag, -list, -money; also diet- 
bread, special bread prepared for invalids or per- 
sons under dietetic regimen; diet-kitchen (see 

uot.) ; +diet-pot, a pot by which to measure 

iet-drink ; + diet-wood (see quot.), Also Drer- 
BOOK, -DRINK. H artery 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 162 Heaps of plants 
a physicians are ordered to stuff *diet-bags withal. 
1617 Coins Def. Bp. Ely u. ix. 357 To feede them with 
such dirt for *diet-bread. 1824 Miss Mitrorp Village 
Ser. 1. (1863) 223 Drinking her green tea, eating her diet- 
bread, begging her gowns. 1880 Wenster Suffi., *Diet- 
kitchen, « charitable establishment which provides proper 
food for the helpless poor. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. i. 19 
A very moderate supply of liquors..made up the “diet-list. 
1519 Six T. Boteyn in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 1. 161 Send 
me such *dyett-money as shall best please your Grace. 1551 
Sir R. Moryson Lett. to Cecil Jan. 7, I mervayl my dieat 
mony cummith not. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. 
I. vil. 74 Allow them as much Diet money as their own 
Soldiers receive. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 
23 The *Dyet Pot is not alone to be used in cases of dyet 
drink. 1568 Turner /ferdad 11. 34 Guiacum .. Some call it 
the “Diet woode because they that kepe a diet for the French 
poxe .. most commonly drinke the broth of this woode. 

Diet (dai-ét), 54.2 [ad. med.L. diéta in same 
senses, or a. F. diéfe in sense 5 (Cotgr. 1611) : cf. 
also It. déefa ‘a parliament or generall assembly 
of estates’ (Florio, 1598), Sp. deta the (Germanic) 
diet. 

Med.L. dizta had the various senses ‘day's journey’, ‘day's 
work’, ‘day’s wage’, ‘space of a day’, as well as that of 
‘assembly, meeting of councillors, diet of the empire’, The 
same senses, more or less, are (or have been) expressed by 
Ger. tag, and F. journée day. Dvéta has therefore been 
viewed as a simple derivative of L. dies day, distinct 
from dizta, Gr diatre, Diet sé. 1, But it seems more likely 
that one or other of the senses developed from d/vta was 
associated with dyes, and led to the application of the word 
to other uses arising directly from dics. One of the senses 
given by Du Cange is ‘theordinary course of the church’: 
this seems naturally transferred from ééa:ta, divta, in the 
sense ‘ordinary or prescribed course of life’, which might 
be understood to mean ‘daily office’, and so lead to the 
use of dié¢a for other daily courses, duties, or occasions.] 

+1. A day’s journey; ‘an excursion, a journey’ 
(Jamieson). Obs. chiefly Sc. (So F. journée.) 

[c 1290 eta 1. xxviii, § 13 (Du Cange) Omnis rationabilis 
dieta constat ex 20 miliaribus.] ¢ 1440 Gesta Rom. xix. 67 
(Harl. MS.) Also how many daies iourneys. .. This terme’or 
this dyet, is not ellis but the terme of thi lyfe. | c 1565 
Linvesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1814) 212 Sloe Sum of 
the conspiratouris, who hard tell of the kingis dyett, followed 
fast to Leith eftir him. 1609 Skene Reg. May. 143 Twa or 
thrie gude men of the Gilde sall travell with him for twa 
dyets. a165x Catperwooo //ist. Kirk (1678) 248 (Jam.) 
The king..prayeth him to waken up all men to attend his 
coming .. for his diet would be sooner perhaps than was 
looked for. 

+2. A day’s work. Sc. Obs. (So F. journée.) 

L Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. 1. 246 Item, to Thome Red 
and Jhone of Schipe, for vj diet at the wod, vjs. 

3. Sc. A day fixed for a particular meeting or 
assembly; an appointed date or time. b. spec. 
The day on which a party in a civil or criminal 
process is cited to appear in court. More fully 
Diet of appearance, compearance. (So OF. journée.) 

1568 Satir. Poems Reform. x\vii. 80 Gif he cumis nocht 
thair, I wald we tuke, ‘lo keip oure dyet, Maister Dauid 
Makgill. 1640-2 Avirkcudbr. War Comm. Min. Bk, (1855) 
93 lo compeir befoire the said Committie of Estaites .. and 
that to anie day or diet the said Commissares or Collectores 
shall pleis to charge thame to. 1692 Witt. IIL. /str. to 
Sir T. Livingston 16 Jan. (Highland Pa., Maitl, Cl. 1845) 
Those who have not taken the benefit of our indemnit 
within the diet prefixt by our proclamation, aret : 
Cuampertayne S¢. Gt. Brit. ui, u. vi. (1743) 391 Having 
obtained a Dyet, i.e. a set day for his publick trial. 1752 
Loutuian Form of Process (ed. 2)9 All the Diets of Court are 
peremptory. 1810 Acé x Geo. 111, c. 112 § 27 In actions at 
present requiring two diets of appearance inst persons 
within Scotland, there shall be only one diet of twenty-seven 
days. 1823 Symson Descr. Gallotvay 26 gees A market 
for good fat kine [is] kept on the Friday. .this market being 
ruled by the dyets of the nolt-market of Wigton. 

+e. Date, day of date. Obs, 


1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 9 To raise [=erase] the - 


diett off an instrumente. 
4. Sc. A session or sitting ofa court or other body 
on an appointed day; a single session of any 


assembly occupying a day or of one. 
1587 Sc. Acts pith Vi asoo} $82 Cate. . before the justice 
is deputes at iustice aires, or particular diettes. 1637 
Gutesrie Eng. Pop, Cerem. ui. i. 13 At the diets of weekly 
ordinary ing. 1643 Row Hist, Kirk (1842) p. xxi, 
I attendit many dayes and —— and in end.. a decreit 
was gifine thereupon, 1854 Phemie Millar I. 2x He's put 
on his Sabbath day claes..and sat out the haill diet. 1854 
H. Mitrer Sch. & Schm. iii. (1857) 48, I began to dole out to 
them by the hour and the diet, long extempore biographies. 
po Age Burgh Sch. Scotl. 1. wv. 147 In the week pre- 
ing, the classes shall be tried at two different diets by 


examiners appointed by the town Council. a Crocketr 
Who met statedly for their diets of worship at 


Raiders 25 
Springholm. 

b. Zo call the diet: to call the ies to an 
action in court on the appointed day. 70 desert’ 


the diet: see DESERT v. 4. 


1753 Scots Mag. Sept. The diet was deserted as to 
Cameron. Poy Arecty Pod I. 217 Herald, proclaim 
the diet, and command The people i 
News 28 Dec. 5/4 Outlawry is a sentence 
Supreme Criminal Court of Scotland in absence of the 
accused at the calling of the diet, that is, the day on which 
he is summoned to appear and stand his trial. 

5. A meeting by formal appointment for con- 
ference or transaction of national or international 
business ; a conference, con convention. (In 
later use generally influenced by b.) (So OF, 
pore 

©1450 Hottanp /ow/lat 280 Thai counsall the Pape to 
writ in this wyss To the Athile Empriour .. To adress to 
that dyet, to deme his awyss. 1471 in Rymer State / s 
a7 It is Appointed .. t the Twenty fourth Day of 

ptember next comeyng, at the Towne of Alnewyke, 
shall be kept a Dyet, by the grete Commissioners of Both 
Landes, for Reforming of the said Wrongs and Injuries. 
1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 453 A daye of dyet was atwene 
the two kynges [of i, pb France] appoyntyd, /did. 
611 After ster was a daye of diot holden bytwene 
Grauenynge and Calays, for the —— touchynge the 
kynge and the duke of Burgoyne. 1598 Haxtuyt Voy. 1.156 
There was demaunded in the first dyet or conuention holden 
at Dordract, a recompense at the handes of the sayd English 
ambassadors. 1600 Hoiitanp Livy xxxv. xxv. go2 The 
Achzans .. published a Diet and generall Counsell at 
Sicyone. 1879 Froupe Cesar xiv. 209 A diet of chiefs was 
held under Casar’s plese 8 

b. sfec. Applied to the regular meeting of the 
estates of a realm or confederation ; hence also 
collectively to the estates or representatives so 
meeting (cf. Concress). The English name (from 
end of the 16th c.) of the former Aetchstag of the 
(German) Roman Empire, and of the federal or 
national assemblies of Switzerland, Poland, 
Hungary, etc.; later of the Bundestag of the 
Germanic Confederation (1815-66) ; applied also 
to the existing Reichstag or Imperial Parliament 
of the Austro-Hungarian and German Empires, 
and the Landtag or local parliament of their 
constituent states, and sometimes to the parlia- 
mentary assemblies of other states of Eastern 
Europe, of Japan, etc. 

1565 IT. Starteton Fortr. Vaith 140a, They haue had 
diets and assembles in Germany by the force and procure- 
ment of the Catholike Emperours. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. 
Fr. Acad. 632 In Switzerland. .if any greate matter fall out 
that is common to all the leagues, they hold their generall 
councell, called a Journey, or a Diet. 1611 Sreep ///st. 
Gt. Brit. 1x. vii. § 48 At an assembly or dyet, where 
the greatest Princes and States of the Empire were in 
person. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Diet (diata) in Germany 
it is the same thing as a Parliament in England, a great 
Assembly or Council of the States and Princes of the Empire. 
1687 Drvpen //ind & Panther u. 407 Thus would your 
Polish Diet disagree, And end, as it began, in anarchy. 
1698 Lond. Gaz. No. 3377/2 Several Deputies from the Pala- 
tinates in Lithuania ..seem very desirous of a Dyet on 
Horseback. 1709 STEELE /atler No. 21 P 19 To assist at 
the Diet of the States of Hungary. 1756-7 Keysler’s Trav. 
(1760) IV. 422 Possibly a few of the most powerful princes 
might find their account in the dissolution of the diet. 1814 
tr. Alaproth's Trav. 66 The Poles assembled at the diet 
held, in 1573 for the election of a new sovereign. 18 
Penny Cycl. X1. 192/2 The three colleges formed the diet 
of the empire, whose ordinary meetings were formerly 
summoned by the emperors twice a year. /bid. 191/1 ‘The 
central point and organ of the present Germanic Con- 
federation is the Federative Diet, which sits at Frankfort 
onthe Main. 1838 Murray's Handbk. N. Germ. 446 The 
Diet meets to deliberate .. in the building, formerly the 
palace of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis. 1849 Macautay 
Hist. Eng. 1, 261 The meeting at Oxford resembled rather 
that of a Polish diet than that of an English parliament. 
ay Outi. Mod. Geog. 68 Frankfirt-on-the-Main, formerly 
a free city and seat of the Germanic Diet. 1895 7¥mes 
(Weekl ka) 29 Mar. 1/4 The Japanese Diet was closed 
on Wednesday. /did. 2/4 The Lower House of the Prussian 
Diet. .authorized its President to convey its congratulations 
to Prince Bismarck. /éid. There is .. no intention of dis- 
solving the Imperial Diet. 

6. ‘The metal scraped or cut from gold and silver 
plate assayed day by day at the Mint, and retained 


for the purpose of trial. 

1700-1 Niet 12-13 Will. /1T, c. 4 § 4 It shall, .be lawfull to 
detain Eight Grains only from eve: ‘Troy of Silver 
he shall assay, Four Grains whereof shall be put into the 
he Disraielieeds Wicioes shah bn eyed peas ienpen 
the Diet of all such Plate as s\ t t 88a) 
aforesaid shall be locked up with Three different to ag 
And the said Diet therein contained shall be tryed as the Pix 
of the Coin of this Kingdom is tryed. Act 13 Geo, 1/1, 
c. 52§6. 1883 Ronerts & Hittin Encycl. Brit. (ed.o) XVI. 
491/2 Another operation. .performed in the mint is the assay 
b the ‘ diet’ or metal seraped from the gold and silver plate 
manufactured at Sheffield and Birmingham, . 1889 19// Xep. 
Deputy-Master of Mint 53 These diets, pane scrap- 
ings from gold and silver wares which have been hall-marked 


“at the Assay offices. 


b. attrib. as diet-box. 

1835 P. Krity Univ. Cambist i. (ed. 2) 219 The cuttings 
and scrapings of the articles assayed. .are kept in what is 
called the Diet-box, in order to be melted into a mass and 
proved like the Pix, before the proper officers. 

Diet, v. Forms: 4 dizete, § diete, dyatt, 
5-7 dyet, 6 diate, 7 dyat, diett, diot, 5~ diet. 
{a. OF. diete-r to feed, order the diet of (Godef.), f. 


_ diete Die sb.1: cf. med.L. dix#tare to live accord- 


ing to a certain plan (@1087 in Du Cange), f. 
dixta.) 


DIETAL. 


I. “vans. 
1. To feed, es. in a particular way, or with speci- 
piercer mel to’ pat'tm slereon’ t's Spaced 


1655 

Im, . (1746) 69 He that taught Abel how to diet Sheep. 

Mirton P. L. 1x. 803 Di thee I mature 
In knowledge as the Gods who al! hinge eae 1742 
Fieoinc ¥. Andrews u. xvii, He diets them with all the 
dainty food of holiness. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Consid. 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 425 It makes no difference, in looking back 
A ee are ee ae . 

+b. oo cated of the food). Ods. 

1638 Six T. Hervert Trav. (ed. 2) 17 Dead Whales, Seales, 

ae grease or raw Puddings diet them. 
Cc. fig. 

1602 Warner A/d. Eng. Epit. (1612) 375 Only his golden 
thoughts would not Pap ag tte D witha Diademe. 
1611 SHaks. Cymd. ut. iv. 183 Thou art all the comfort 
The Gods will diet me with. 1670 Eacnanrp Cont. Clergy 6 
You diet him with nothing but with rules and exceptions. 
1816 Coteripce Lay Serm. 327 That vast com --whose 
seer and — t i neg ag blic poe! FER of 
iterature, the circulating li i the periodical press. 

2. To fix, be, or regulate the food of (a 
person, etc.) in nature or guantity, for a purpose. 
@. spec. as a regimen of health. 

— Lanfranc's Cirurg. 213, 1 dietide him as a man 
pat hadde a fever agu. 1533 Betrenpen Livy v. (1822) 
400 Eftir that the sick man has sifferit himself to be 
diet fra _metis and drinkis. Suaks. Com. Err. v. i. 
99, I will attend my husband, be his nurse, Diet his sick- 
nesse, 1641 Mitton Animadv. (1851) 188 You are not 
dieted, nor your loynes girt for spirit valour. 1768 Foote 
Devil on 2 Sticks us. Wks. 1799 11. 275 Full power. .to pill 
-- diet .. and poultice all persons. 1 R. A. VauGHan 
in Brit. Q. Rey. May 312 Goethe .. having dieted himself 
for hard work, was busy at Weimar with his ‘ Faust’, 

Jig. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. t.1xxi. (1739) 188 These 

must be purged by dieting the State. 1 ficasamosts. 

Priest-cr. u. iv. 44 The Archbishopric of York and .. the 

Bishopric of Ely (being both of them thought needlessly gross) 

-. were dieted, some say, pinch’d and impaired too much. 
b. as a punishment, etc. : 

1530 Tinpate Pract. Prelates Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 348 
After they had dieted and tormented him. 1712 Appison 
Spect. No. 440 ? 6 The President immediately ordered him 
to be .. dieted with Water-gruel, till such time as he should 
be sufficient! kened for vi i 1862 Burton 
Bk. Hunter (1863) 12 The simple privilege of locking him 
up, dieting him [etc.]. 

3. fig. To order, regulate. Obs. rare. 

1576 Wootton Chr. Manual (Parker Soc.) 125 In dieting 
all our words and works to his honour and glory. 

4. To ——- with daily meals ; to board. 

1635 J. Sapter in Verney Papers (1853) 160 His men maye 
.-be taken of his hande and dyated for theyre worke fort 
first yeare. a 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 11. 362 Tower 
pames were _ peosegh ir penta “ the ins’ 
charges. 41713 E_twoop A wtobiog. (1714) 235, 1. .was diet 
in the House ta Friendly Man. Ace Werbasetat rir 
bbe — cotecen yp Mery tens a 
Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Thingdan, A charity-school for 
20 girls, who are cloathed, lodged, dieted. 

. intr. 

5. To take one’s ordinary food, or meals; to 
feed (on). 

1566 Drant Horace Sat. iii. Div, Haste thou a frende 
that dyets harde? 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 23 Where 
the Canons live togither, they go each man to diet at his 
owne house. 1647 Futter Good Th. in Worse 7. (1841) 118 
At what ord , or nary do they diet? 

Nortn Lives I. 1 
inarily dieted in the ‘ 


Pr. wu, xv. (1845) 150 Those four-and-twenty young 
dieted all (eg wih the Lord Abbot. + 
b. To board (with a person, at, ina house, etc.). 
1s8r L. Acpersey in yt Voy. (1589) 181 There we 
Morvyson /#in. 1. 111, i. 205 


lay and dieted of free cost. 1617 

They were to diet at the Carriers . 1656 J. Hammond 

Leah & R. (1844) 15 To dyet and in another mans 

house. norrssy Diary I. 411 We lodged and 

—_ bse im at Mr. Lemans. od aad Woheed le the 
eg. 3 young man .. wi iet 

ra. 00 6 hended on suspici 


ppre picion, 

6. To regulate oneself as to diet ; to eat according 

to bed rules, i.e. as to the kind of food, the 
quantity and time of eating, and the like. 


1660 Stance //ist. Philos, 1x. (1701) wel? He first bor aed 
Wrestlers .. to diet with flesh. x ESLEY Acct, Si 
5 diet thus : sap penn | “ and Water- 
gruel, by Turns. St Mag. V1. 215/1 She dieted 
S caredalty an if che been a dyspeptic in ruins. 


aan Di'eted ffl. a, subjected to a regimen 
360g Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 3 There will bee 
vse of .. Phisicke in a sound or well dieted bodie. 3635 
Mourer & Bennet Health's Impr. (1746) 75 Idle H . 
have made these addle Proverbs; 1. Dieted ies are 
Bridges to Physicians Minds. 
Dietal (daiztal), 2. [f. med.L, di#ta Diet sd,” 
+ -AL.] Of or bel to a diet. ; 


Lowe Bismarck 11. B. Until the ing in 
cooanan ths at Dictal de *, this port {ial to 
be made use of by the ships of war of both Powers, 


DIETARIAN. 


Dietarian (daiétériin), a. and sd. vare-°. | 


[f. as next +-an.] (See quot.) 

1880 WessteR Sufpl., Dietarian, one who lives in ac- 
cordance with prescribed rules for diet; dieter. 

Die (dairétari), sb. and a. Also 5 diatorie. 
[ad. L. déetdrd us, in med.L. diétdri-us adj. and 
sb., also dzé/arium sb., in various applications, f. 
L. diwta, dita: see Diet sd,1 and *, and -ary.] 

A. 5b. 

1. A course of diet prescribed or marked out ; 
a book or treatise prescribing such a course. 

c1430 A Diatorie in Babees Bk. (1868) 54 To be rulid 
bi pis diatorie do pi diligence, For it techip good diete 
& good gouernaunce. 1542 Boorpe (¢é¢/e), A Compendyous 
Regyment or a Dyetary of Helth. — (1870) 221 Here 
foloweth the dyetary or the regyment of helth. 1570 Levins 
Manip. 104/1 A Dietarie, dietarium. 1860-1 FLo. Nicut- 
INGALE Nursing 52 Careful observation of the sick is the 
only clue to the best dietary. 

Jig. 1879 G. Merevitn /goist iv. (1889) 26 Patience .. is 
a composing but a lean Dietary. 

2. An allowance and regulation of food, as for 
the inmates of a hospital, workhouse, or prison. 

1838 Dickens O. Twist ii, Do I understand that he asked 
for more, after he had eaten the supperallotted by the dietary? 
1861 WynTER Soc. Bees 202 It is clear, then, that the pre- 
valent sea-dietary is a degrading dietary; it is deficient in 
the albumen, the soluble phosphates .. necessary to sustain 
vigorous life. 1884 Daily News 19 Dec. 3/3 The introduction 
of fish dinners into the workhouse dietaries appears .. to 
have been eminently successful. : 

B. aaj. Of or pertaining to diet, of the nature of 
adiet. b. Of or belonging to a dietary. 

1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 19 There are 
dietary times and hours. 1655 Mourer & Bennet Health's 
Improv. (1746) 71 Albeit there lived no dietary Physicians 
before the Flood. 1844 Disraett Coningsby in. iii, Lord 
Henry would not listen to statistics, dietary tables. 1863 
Hawtuorne Our Old Home (1879) 208 The ancient fishing- 

nds .. of vast dietary importance to the family. 1889 
Fran in Times 9 Mar, 16/1 Dietary punishment. inflicted 
or breaches of prison discipline. 


Diet-book. [f. Dier sé.1 and 2.] 

+1. A journal or diary. Ods. 

1624 pe poe Christian Brother 25 (Jam.) It is a diet- 
booke, wherein the sinnes of everie day are written. 

2. A book in which a course of diet is laid down. 

im Wirtie tr. Primrose’s Pop. Err. i. 139 Lessius. .in 
his Eloquent Diet-booke, hath so erdeavoured to mete out 
every mans course of Diet, that he would have twelve 
ounces to be a sufficient quantitie of meat for any man. 


‘Di-et-drink. [f. Drier 5.1+ Duinx.] A drink 
prescribed and prepared for medicinal purposes. 

1600 Rowtanps Let. Humours Blood vi. 76 We gaue the 
BreWers Diet-drinke a wipe. 160x Hottanp Pliny II. 317 
As for the diet drink made of cow milk .. I have written 
already in my treatise of herbs, 1693 Otiver in Phil. 
Trans. XVII. 909 A pleasant .. soft Water .. which the 
Country People use in Fevers as their ordinary Diet-drink. 
1744 BERKELEY Sivis § 9 The leaves and tender tops of pine 
and fir are .. used for diet drinks, 1844-57 G. Birp Urin. 
Deposits 455 The host of apozems, diuretic decoctions, and 
diet-drinks, in which renal stimulants abound. 1854-67 
C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. 214 Diet Drink, 
a decoction of sarsaparilla and mezereon. ‘The Lisbon diet 
drink, or compound decoction of sarsaparilla, which it re- 
sembles, is the most celebrated. 

Dieter. [f. Dizr v.+-er1.] now rare. a. 
One who regulates the diet of himself or others. 
+b. A feeder. Ods. 

1577 B. Goocre Heresbach’s Husb. 11. (1586) 122 The best 
dyeter of horses, that ever I knewe in England. 1603 H. 
Crosse Vertue’s Commu. (1878) 147 He that feedeth but of 
one dish, liueth longer .. then those accidentall dieters .. 
that glutte themselues with euerie kinde artificially com- 
pounded r61r SuHaks. Cymé. ty. ii. 5t As Iuno had bin 
sicke, And he her Dieter. 1617 Marknam Cava. ut. 25 In 
his daies of rest .. let him be his own dieter. 

Dietetic (daijéte'tik), a. and sd. Also 6 dia-, 
7-8 diw-. [ad. L. dtxtétic-us, a. Gr. diauTnTuKds Of 
or for diet, f. Siar7a Diet sd.1; in F. didtétigue.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to diet, or to the regu- 
lation of the kind and quantity of food to be eaten, 
especially as a branch of medical science. 

579 i % [ss Preserv, Bodie & Soule 1. xxxiii. 64 Tutors 
ought to haue the knowledge of the Diatetike part of Phi- 
sicke. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xvi. 562 A diztetick 
regiment extends to divers things. 1799 W. Tooke View 
Russian Emp. 11.282 Not so salutary and dietetic is the 
command which enjoins abstinence from all manner of food. 
1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. a, pete (ed. 3) 180 The dietetic 
treatment of disease is destined to be the great work of the 
future. ig! McCartny Linley Rochford ix. (1878) 90, 
I think .. I would rather dine with a gourmand than with 
a dietetic reformer. ; 

B. sé. {In sense 1, repr. L. diwtéticus, the adj. 
used abs. ; in 2 repr. Gr. % ScartnTuKh (sc. Téxvy) the 
dietetic art, in mod.L. déwtética, F. diététique (Paré 
16th c.): see -1cs.] 

1. One who studies dietetics. 

1759 B. Srituincri. tr. Linnzus on Travelling Misc. 
Tracts (1762) 23 The curious diztetic, whose business it is 
to inquire into the various ways of living. 

2. Dietetics, less usually dietetic : The part of 
medicine which relates to the regulation of diet. 

1541 R. CopLanp Galyen's Terap. 2 Ajb, The parties of 
the art of Medycyne (yt is to wyt dyetityke, pharmacentyke, 
and cyrurgery)..can not be seperated one fro the other. 
BS ore liad III. 208 ‘Celsus says expressly that the 
diztetic was long after invented. 1799 European Mag. 


339 


247 Dietetics..comprise the doctrine of health. 1875 JoweTr 


Plato (ed. 2) I11. 283 He must go through a course of 


dietetics. 1881 Med, Temp. ¥rnl. XLIX. 23 The former is 
a question of dietetics, the latter of therapeutics. 


+ Diete‘tical, 2. Ods. [f. as prec. + -aL.] 
Of or pertaining to dietetics ; = D1ETETIC a. 

1620 VeENNER 7a Recta (1650) 295 Divers necessary Die- 
teticall observations. 1646 Sir ‘Tl. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1.x. 
41 Caracalla .. received no other counsell then to refraine 
cold drinke, which was but a dieteticall caution. 1802 
T. Bepvors //ygé7a I. 48 Many generally received maxims, 
medical and diztetical. 1822 Lams £za Ser. 1. Chinney- 
Sweepers, Palates.,not uninstructed in dietetical elegancies. 

Diete'tically, adv. [f. prec. + -1y~.] In 
the way of diet or dietetics. 

@ 1846 NV. Amer, Rev. cited in Worcester. 1852 Fraser's 
Mag. XLVI. 96 Fish were formerly much used in medicine 
as well as dietetically. 

Dietetics, 2. p/.: see Dirretic sé. 

Diete'tist. vare—". [f. Dierer-ic + -187.] 
‘A term applied to one who treats disease by a 
systematic course of diet.’ Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

@ 1846 in DuNGLison (Worc.). 

Diethene- (doije"pin). Chem. [See Di-2.] Com- 
bined with two equivalents of Ethene (C, Hy), as 
diethene-diamine. ence Diethe‘nic a., as in 
diethenic alcohol (Cy Hy)y Hy Os. 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 621 The first products of this 
reaction are diethenic alcohol..and water. 1877 Watts 
Ibid. (ed. 12) II. 172, 224. 

Diethyl (deije'pil). Chem. [f. Di-2 + Evnyt. J 

1. as sb. A name for the group Cy, (betyl hy- 
dride or butane), considered as a double molecule 
of the radical ethyl. 

1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) 11. 47 Normal Butane, 
Diethyl, or Methyl-propy], occurs in natural petroleum, and 
in the distillation-products of Cannel and Boghead coal. 

2. in Comb. Denoting two equivalents of the 

, ng Ur’ 

monad radical ethyl (C, H,), replacing two atoms 
of hydrogen in a compound, as dethylami:ne 
NH(C, H;)., dethyl carbinol COH - H - (Cy H;)s. 

_ 1850 Dauseny Atom. Th. vili. (ed. 2) 241 Diethylamine, 
in which 2 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by 2 of ethyle. 
1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. (1874) 330 A hydrocarbon called 
diethyl or butyl hydride. /é@. 350 Acetal is isomeric with 
diethyl glycol. 1877 Warts /ownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) IL. 218 
Diethylamine behaves with cyanic acid like ammonia and 
ethylamine, giving rise to diethyl-urea, CH2 (C2H;)2 N20. 
1880 Boston Fril. Chem. Dec. 137/2 The monethyl and 
diethyl! phosphines have been prepared. 

Dietic (dsijetik), a and sd. [f. Dir 50.1 + 
-Ic: cf. med.L. déétices keeping a daily course.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to diet ;= Dieretic a. 

1716 M. Davirs A then. Brit. U1. Diss. Physick 39 Whence 
came the Dietick and Gymnastick Physick. /d2/. 52 ‘This 
regular Diztick Branch of the most natural kind of Physick. 
1775 Sir E. Barry Observ. Mines 356 Vhe best dietic rules 
for preserving health, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dietic diseases. 
diseases caused by inattention to wholesome rules of diet. 

+ B. sd. A dietetic article or application. Ods. 

1659 GauDEN Jars Church 397 If it be not drawn away 
by .. gentle dieticks or healing applications. — Séigh¢ 
Healers of Public Hurts (1660) 28. 

Die‘tical, z. [f. as prec. +-a1.] 

+1. = Dietetic, Diererican. Ods. 

1634 R. H. Salernes Regim. Pref. 3 Some violent Disease, 
which they might happily have prevented by Dieticall Ob- 
servations. 1640 Ferranp Love Melancholy 237 (T.) The 
three fountains of physick, namely, dietical, ahirurgical 
and pharmaceutical. 1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 
Ep. to Rdr., I .. oppose your Diaeticall prescriptions. 

+2. [after med.L.: see Dizryc.] Ods. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dietical (dieticus), keeping from 
dey to day, regular. 

. (f. Dier sé.2] Pertaining to the Germanic Diet. 

1854 Tait’s Mag. XXI. 451 The Lichtenstein, sovereign 
and subject at once ; octopartite possessor of a vote dietical. 

Dietie, obs. form of Driry. 

Dietine (doiétin).  [a. F. didtine lit. ‘little 

diet’, spec. the Polish provincial diet, f. diéte Die 
sb.2; see -INE.] A subordinate diet; in Polish 
Hist., a provincial diet which elected deputies for 
the national diet ; called in Polish sejmih. 
1669 Lond. Gaz. No. 412/1 The King has given Power to 
the ietine [Jrinted -ive] of Cracovie to Assemble them- 
selves within 4 Leagues of this place. 1753 Scots Mag. 
Jan. 3/1 The nuncios of a general diet of Poland were 
chosen in August last, when disputes ran ver: high in 
some dietines. 1773 Gent. ‘Mag. XLII1. 245 The dietine 
of Lenczy was still more unruly, for there more than thirty 
of the Members were cut to pieces. 1800 W. Tayior 
in Monthly Mag. VIII. 599 This order is governed by a 
descending oligarchy, the over-ruling synod or diet deputing 
assessors to the subdrdinate synods or dietines. 1887 Lecky 
Eng. in 18th C. V. xx. 545 Ali the Dietines ratified the new 
Constitution. 

Dieting (deiétin), vd7. sd. [f. Dier v. + -Inc1.] 
The action of the verb Dirt: a. Subjection to a 
diet or regimen. b. Taking of daily food, feeding 
(vare). +. concr. Food (obs.). 

¢ 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 61 Norissche hym with dyet- 
ynge pat fattyth hym. /ézd. 72 Of dietynge of men pat Sen 
wounded. 1599 T. M[ourer] Sidkwormes 74 The dieting 
of these my spinning bands. 164: Mitton CA. Govt. 1. 1, 
Those maiden dietings and set prescriptions of baths and 
odours. ¢1819 SHELLEY in Dowden Life II, 256 How deli- 
cate the imagination becomes by dieting with antiquity day 
after day. 


DIFFER. 


Dietist (doiétist). [f. Dirr sd.1 + -1s7.] One 
who professes or practises dietetics or some theory 
of diet. 

1607 WALKINGTON Of/. Glass 16 Reasonable appetite, 
the Cynosura of the wiser dietist. 1655 Mourer & BENNET 
Health's Improv. (1746) 227 Not lately devised by our 
Country Pudding-wrights, or curious Sauce-makers, as .. 
foolish Dietists have imagined. 1842 F. Pacer A/i/f Malu. 
181 Mr. Clemmalive .. an inexorable dietist on the water- 
gruel system at the Union work-house. 

Dietitian. rare. [prop. dieticéan, f. Diz 50.1, 
after physician, politiczan, etc.] = prec. 

1846 WorcestER, Diefitian, one skilled in diet ; a dietist, 


Qu. Rev. 

Dietrichite (d7trikoit). A/. [Named 1878 
after Dietrich, a German chemist.] A fibrous alum 
containing zinc and other bases. 

1882 Dana Alin, App. iii. 38. 

Diety, obs. form of Derry. 

+ Dieugard(e. Ols. Also 5 dugarde, 5-6 Sc. 
dewgar(d, 7 due gard. [French (in full Deez 
vous garde, in OF. dieu vous gard), ‘God keep 
(you) !’] The salutation ‘God preserve you!’; a 
polite or formal salutation ; a spoken salutation or 
word of recognition, as contrasted with a mere 
“beck? or nod. 

€1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyctif (1851) 149 Ne 
wip beckus ne wip dugardes as ypocritis usen.  ¢ 1470 
Henry Wallace vi. 132 He salust thaim, as it war bot 
in scorn; ‘Dewgar, gud day, bone Sen3hour, and gud 
morn!’ 1865 JewEL Def. Afol. (1611) 172 In the end you 
conclude, A becke is as good as a Dieugard. 1568 H. 
Cuarteris Pref. to Lyndesay’s Warkis ij b, He cummis 
to the King, and efter greit dewgard & salutationis, he 
makts him as thocht he war [etc.]. 1598 FLorio Epist. 
Ded., So in your studies to attend, as your least becke may 
be his dieugarde. 1600 J. Mevviti Diary (1842) 263 ‘Vhe 
cheiff commanders mak sic dewgard and curtessie. 1605 
Cuarman Adl Fooles Plays 1873 1. 168 Vheir winckes, their 
beckes, due gard, their treads a’ the toe. @ 1656 Br. Hau 
Wks. 1X. 278 (D.) His master Harding could not produce 
-. any vow anciently required or undertaken, whether by 
beck or Dieu-gard. 

Dieve, obs. (? dial.) form of Dive vz. 

Dieve, erron. form of DEAVE v. to deafen. 

Diew, obs. form of Dur. 

Die-wise, -work: see Dir sd.1 

Dif-, prefix of L. origin, being the assimilated 
form of dts- before f, as in dif-ferre, dif-fisio. In 
Romanic it became def-, which in OF. was subse- 
quently reduced to de-; this occasionally appears 
in Eng., as defer from L. differre, OF. defferer, 
mod... déférer, defy from L. type diffidure, It. 
diffidare, disfidare, OV. desf-, deff, defer, mod.¥. 
défier. Usually, however, the Latin form of the 
prefix is used in Eng.: cf. differ, difficult, diffidence, 
diffuse. Yor its force, see Dis-; it is not, like the 
latter, a living suffix. 

Difalt, Difame, Difence: see Drr-. 

Diffame, -famation, ectc., etymol. form of 
DEFAME, -FAMATION, etc., generally obsolete, but 
still occasionally used. 

1894 R. Bripces ‘east of Bacchus w. 1263 Diffame my 
own daughter. ; 

Diffarreation (diferdz'fon). Rom. Antig. 
[ad. L. diffareation-em, f. Dir- + farreum a spelt- 
cake: see CONFARREATION.] An ancient Roman 
mode of dissolution of marriage, the undoing of 
the ceremony of confarreation. 

1623 Cockrram, Diffarreation, a sacrifice done betwixt 
a man and his wife at a diuorcement. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cyct. s. v., Diffarreation was properly the dissolving of mar- 
riages contracted by confarreation, which were those of the 
pontifices. Festus says it was performed with a wheaten cake. 


Diffaute, Diffeature, Diffence, -ens(e, dif- 
fend(e, etc.: see DEr-. 

Differ (di-fo1), v. Also 6 dyffer (defer), 6-7 
differre. [a. F. diférer(in Froissart 14th c.), ad. L. 
differ-re to carry or bear apart, spread abroad, dis- 
tract, protract, delay, defer ; also zz¢r. to tend apart 
or diversely in nature or character, to differ. The 
verb was used with both senses in F. in 14th c., and 
has continued to be so used till the present day. In 
English, it was taken first in the transitive sense, 
with stress diffe'r (cf. confer, refer, prefer), which 
led at length to the transitive senses being written 
defer; see DEFER Z.!; the intrans. use, being closely 
related in sense to different, difference, apparently 
followed these words in stressing the first syllable. 
(Offer, suffer, which have the same stress, have a 
distinct form in French and Romanic.) And one 
transitive use, closely associated with the intrans., 
and with diferent, difference, has gone with these. 
In this way L. differre, F. différer, ME. diffe'rre, 
has been split into the two verbs defer to put off, and 
differ to make or be unlike. The pr. pple. dzfer- 
ing occurs in Chaucer’s Boethius ; but instances of 
the verb in the form differ are rare before 1500.] 

1. The earlier form of Derer v.1 in all senses.] 

. trans. To put apart or separate from each 

other in qualities; to make unlike, dissimilar, 
43* —2 


different, or distinct ; to cause to vary; to distin- 
guish, differentiate. Now unusual. : 
a Alexander 4223 Zour manars fra all othire mens 
so ill ere deffirrid. see Laws Aceon ne 
This is not vnlike the other Crosse. The pyke which it 
hath to pitch into Wt ages —_ ong 5 1603 
Don Fud. v Soean tum 

the kind. Eant Maxcu. Al Mondo 

*0 t 


Sm C. 

.. differ the whole . 

(1636) 120 Why is the winter hard the | Pp 
than to the Ant? Prudencie in one, and im ncie in 
the other differs them. R. Rosinson Christ all 44 
Garments .. differ one sex from another. 1713 J. Petiver 
in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 213 Its g ves and 
pale Flowers, differ it from the yellow Split. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 510 That differed it from the cases 
wherein the Court had gone some lengths. 1867 BusHneLe 
Mor, Uses Dark Th. Fd All which differs the landscape 
in beauty from mere wild forest. 


+b. Her. To distinguish by the addition of a 
DIFFERENCE. Obs. 


1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 98 Til then it was permissiue 
for eche brother to differ his coat after his fancye. 

3. intr. To have contrary or diverse bearings, 
tendencies, or qualities ; to be not the same; to be 
unlike, distinct, or various, in nature, form, or quali- 
ties, or in some specified respect: two (or more) 
things are said to differ (absolutely, or from each 
other), one thing differs from another. 

1374 [see Dirrerinc Af/. a. 1]. a 1400-50 Alexander 4617 
Bot we pat. .has a fre will Differris as in oure fraunches fere 
fra 30ure kynde. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 234 
‘This differeth from that other, as. .the rose differeth from the 
budde. 1526-34 TInDALE 1 Cor. xv. 41 One starre differth 
from another in glory. a1s68 AscHam Scholem. u. (Arb.) 
139 These differre one from an other. 1570 Levins Manip. 
77[29 To Defer, differre, discrepare. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. ¢ 
1.1. 10 Call you that keeping for a gentleman of my birth, 
that differs not from the stalling of an Oxe? 1651 Hopses 
Leviath. 1. xv. 79 The same man, in divers times, differs 
from himselfe. 16! Tempte Misc., Pop. Discontents 
Wks. 1720 I, 270 "Tis hard to find any point wherein they 
differ. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. /ist. (1776) 111. 324 It (the fox] 
. differs still more from the dog in its strong offensive smell. 
1823 H. J. Brooke /n/rod. Crystallogr. 98 Which individual 
forms .. will be found to differ from each other in the mea- 
surement of some of their angles. 1847 HeLps Friends in 
C. (1851) 1. 28 Even the leaves of the same tree are said to 
differ, each one from all the rest. 1859-74 TENNyson Merlin 
§ !ivien 812 Men at most differ as Heaven and earth, But 
women, worst and best, as Heaven and Hell. 1875 Jowett 
Plato ed. 2) 1V. 32 Man is not man in that he resembles 
[brutes], but in that he differs from them. 

4. intr. To be at variance; to hold different 
opinions concerning any matter; to disagree. Const. 
with ; also from (esp. when followed by zx, as in 
quot. 1843). 

1563 Winz3er Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 1. 135 
Sen 3c .. differris fra ws .. tweching the said day of the 
moneth, 1647 CLARENDON //ist. A’ed, 111. (1843) 79/1 A lati- 
tude that honest and wise men may safely and profitably 
differ [in]. 1653 WaLton Angler il. 42 The question has 
been debated among many great Clerks, and they seem to 
differ about it. 1716 Appison Freeholder (J.), To irritate 
those who differ with you in their sentiments. 1735-8 
BotinGproke On Parties 81 To think They [the Tore}. : 
had only differ'd with the Whigs about the Degree of Op- 
pression .. in order to sanctify Resistance. 1749 FIELDING 
Tom Fones 1. v, Many people differed from Square and 
Thwackum, in judging [etc.]. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) 111. 
351, I can never for a moment differ from you and your 
brother in sentiment. 1809 W. Girrorp in Smiles Mem. 
Fohn Murray \. 158, | differ with him totally. 1833 J. H. 
Newman Lef¢t, (1891) I. 466 To unite with those who differ 
with us. 1843 /ééd. II. 430 She may .. differ from me in 
opinion. 1869 Sir J. ‘I. Coceripce Alem. Keble (ed. 2) 186, 
1 differed with him in the conclusion he drew. 1885 Law 
Rep. 10 App. Cases 379 The appellant and respondents differ 
as to when the gate was erected. 


i b. To express or give vent to disagreement or 
difference of opinion ; to dispute; to have a differ- 
ence, to quarrel (wth). Obs. 

1625 Bacon Ess., Unity in Relig. (Arb.) 429 A man. .shall 
sometimes heare Ignorant Men differ, and know well. .that 
those which so differ, meane one thing. 1709 HEARNE 
Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 11. 245 As they went out of Town 
they happen’d to differ. a1718 Rowe (J.), Here uncon- 
troll'd you may in judgment sit; We'll never differ with 
a crowded pit. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) UL. 118 
As to his Size, I would have him full Fifteen Hands, nay, 
I would not differ for his being Sixteen, provided he was 
strong in proportion. : 

c. trans. To cause disagreement between; to 
set at variance. Sc. 

1814 Sa.on § Gael 1. 79 (Jam.) If Maister Angis and her 
oak & up, l’se ne’er be ihe man to differ them, ac 

Differ, sd. Sc. and dia/. [f. Dirrer v.] = Dir- 
FERENCE 50. 

1627 P. Forses Eudbulus 


27 P. i (Jam.) No such material points 
are in differ betwixt ys. Declar, Tumults Sc. 340 The 
generall assembly .. would remove any doubt and differ 
which might arise. 1786 Burns Addr, to Unco Guid iii, 
Cast a moment's fair regard, What maks the mighty differ. 
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy ix, But I'll pay "9 the differ 
out of my wage. 1873 Lowett Leé?. (1894) II. 94 So far as 
I understood your ‘ ’ with your electors I thought you 
were right. 1893 Stevenson Catriona 94 Either come to 
an agreement, or come to a differ. 


Differ, obs. form of Derer v.! and 2. 

Difference (di-féréns), sd. Also 4 differense, 
4-6 differens, defference, 5 deference, 5-6 dyf- 
ference, -ens, 6 differance, diffrence, diference. 
[a. F. différence, OF. also -ance (12th c. in Hatz.- 


340 : 


Darm.), ad. L. differentia, abstr. sb. f. different-em : 
see DIFFERENT and -ENCE. 


824 
Macautay Athenian Orators Misc. Writ. 1860 1. 135 If he 
miss the mark, it makes no difference whether he have 
taken aim too high or too low. 1844 Emerson Lect. Yung. 
Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 298 Difference of opinion is the one 
crime which kings never forgive. ENNYSON Princ, 
vit. 162 Not like to like, but like in difference. 185 Rus- 
Kin Mod. Paint. 1. Pref. to ed. 2. 15 Not so much by 
the resemblance of his works to what has Leen done before, 
as by their difference from it. 

+ Various obs. and archaic constructions. 

1526 Tinpace Doctr. Treat, (1848) 389 Note the difference 
of the law and of the gospel. 1557 fps Gueuara’s Diall 
Pr. 150a/2 There is a greate diieiacs to teache the chyl- 
dren of Prynces, and to teache the chyldren of the pho 9 
bid. 210 b/1 There is great difference from the cares and 
sorowes of women, to that of men. x H. M. tr. Collog. 
Erasmus 354 There is also another difference of divine and 
humane laws. 1778 Miss Burney £vedina lii, Let me 
observe the difference of his behaviour ..to that of Sir 
Clement Willoughby. 1792 £/vina I. 6 The difference with 
us is most striking. 1820 WHewe t in Life (1881) 61 Some 
idea of the difference of French and English manners. 

b. (with a and Z/.) A particular instance of un- 
likeness; a point in which things differ. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 20 There is non evidence, Wherof 
to knowe a difference Betwene the drunken and the wode. 
¢ 1430 Lyve. Mix. Poems 23 |Mitz.) A difference betwix day 
and night, 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 787 
There is not betwene a Marchant and his mayde so great 
a difference as betwene a king and his subject. 1688 Vox 
Cleri Pro Rege 47 It_ seems his Power is absolute, but, not 
arbitrary, which is, like a Dear-Joy's Witticism, a distinc- 
tion without a difference. 1847 Tennyson Princ. v.173 You 
clash them all in one, That have as many differerices as we. 
1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. i.15 While the differences 
of social degree were enormous, the differences in habits of 
life were comparatively slight. mah Jovant Plato (ed. 2) 
IV. 243 There is a great difference between reasoning and 
disputation. ; 

2. A/ath. The quantity by which one quantity 
differs from another; the remainder left after sub- 
tracting one quantity from another. b. spec. The 
increment produced in a function of a variable by 
increasing the variable by unity. 

AScENSIONAL DescENSIONAL difference: see these words. 

©1391 Cuaucer AstroZ. u. § 43 The diffleJrense be-twen 1 
and 2..is 1. 1559 W. CuNnNnincHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 103 
Subtract the lesser time, from oute of the greater, and the 
difference turn into degr and mi. of the Equinoctial. 
1593 Favre Dialling 19 Which you shall find least subtract 
that from the greater, and that which remaineth keep, (for 
it shall be called the difference kept). 1719 De For Crusoe 
1. xvi, (1858) 204 The difference of that price was by no means 
worth saving. 1774 M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. iii. 13 
The greater the Difference of Latitude of the two Places is. 
1807 J. Brinkvey (¢/t/e), An Investigation of the General 
Term of an important Series in the Inverse Method of Finite 
Differences. 182x J. Q. Apams in C. Davies Metr. Syst. 
ut. (1871) 115 The difference between them was but of about 
half an ounce. 1827 Hutron Course Math, I. 12 note, If 
the difference of two numbers be added to the less, it must 
manifestly make up a sum equal to the greater. Penny 
Cyct. VILL. 487s. v. Difference, It is a very wide bianch of 
pure mathematics which must be considered under this 
term, namely, the method or calculus of differences. /did. 
488 The symbol [A*a] is called the x difference of a. 

¢. sfec. The amount of increase or decrease in 
the price of stocks or shares between certain dates ; 
in phrase fo pay (etc.) the difference. 

1787 Mrs. Centiivare Bold St for Wife w. i, Hark 
Gabriel, you'll pay the difference of that stock we transact 
for Vother day. 1814 Stock Exchange Laid Open 11 Every 
man must either take, deliver, or pay his difference. 

Pail Mail G. 31 Mar. 8/2 He had paid all his ‘differences 


—— to his departure. 1887 Daily News 12 Oct. 2/2 
‘he differences to be met and liquidated are enormous. 


1778 Pirr Sf. (« I. 85 The common when 
aa yi eek! "es phrase called ‘to 
split the difference’. Generous Attachment 1, 213 My 


bate, something of what is rly called ‘splitting the 
difference’, 1885 Pall Mall G. 9 June 3/1 A Cabinet of 
Compromise is ity a Cabinet of Split the Differ- 


ence, 

3. A diversity or disagreement of opinion, senti- 
ment or aera: 8 ; hence, a dispute or quarrel caused 
by such disagreement: used in various shades of 
intensity from a simple estrangement or dispute to 
open hostility, ++ Zn difference, in dispute (ods.). 


DIFFERENCE. 
Trevisa Hi Ill. 
sr eT a ae i ae 


is 
Mu. The ape..made dyfference to be 
Ey Ba wear Wes 


in some difference. tr Selden's Mare Cl. adn 
the year 1508, there began certain differences, w! 
pot. ay notable..war. . —- tan Hist. 


With full power to concert matters 
hoownes Fohnson (1831) 1V. 229 In the course of this 
di him and his friend 
r. Strahan. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 143 He had 
never, he said, in his life, had any difference with Tyrconnel, 
and he trusted that no difference would now arise. A 
Leeds Mercury 17 May 5/t The speedy. settlement of 
differences. dj 
+b. phr. Zo be (etc.) at difference: to have a 
i be at variance ; to quarrel. 
1525 Lp. Berners Foss. (1812) 11. 349 The duke of Bre- 
difference with the real 


es. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 53, 1 fear their 
nelghtoacit lisse will Tall at Dilerence: 1737 
Wuiston Yosephus’ Hist. 1. xi. §1 The great men were 
mightily at difference one with another, 

4. A mark, device, or characteristic feature, which 
distinguishes one thing or set of things from another. 
Now rare or Oés. exc. as in b and c. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. u. xiii. 94 Pronger .. by his e 
entendement fonde the poyntes and the difference of mu- 
syque. 1513 DouGias ines x. vii. 81 Markyt pon swa 
with sic rude differens, That by hys keyll 3e may be knaw 
fra tthens. 1602 Suaks. 7am, v. ii. 112 An absolute gentle- 
man, full of most excellent differences. 1631 Weever Anc. 
Fun. Mon. 149 The foure Deacons, for a difference from 
the Priests, carried a round wreath of white cloth. 1842 
Tennyson 770 Voices 41 Will one beam be less intense, 
When thy peculiar difference Is cancell’d in the world of 
sense? 

b. Her. An alteration of or addition to a coat 
of arms, to distinguish a junior member or branch 
of a family from the chief line. 

c 1450 Hottann /4owlat 600 He bure the said Dowglass 
armis with a differens. 1489 Caxton /aytes of A.1V. xv. 275 
The hed of the lordship bereth the playne armes without 
difference and thoo that are of his linage they putte therunto 
dyuerse dyfferences. 1564-78 Buteyn Diad, agst. Pest (1888) 
96 My name is Mendax, a yonger brother linially descended 
of an auncient house .. We giue three Whetstones in Gules 
with no difference. 1602 Suaks. //am. 1v. v. 183 Ther’s Rew 
for you, and heere’s some for me .. Oh you must weare your 
Rew with a difference. 1610 Guittim Heraldry 1. vi. (1611) 
22 The sonne of an Emperour cannot beare a difference of 
higher esteeme during the life of his father. 1864 Bourret 
Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xiv. 137 When the Heir succeeds, 
he inherits the Arms of his Father without any Difference. 
1882 Cussans Handbk. Heraldry x. (ed. 3) 150 Devices 
called Marks of Difference .. In the —, days of Heraldry, 
Differences were effected by a variety of arbitrary 
ments—such as changing the tinctures of the Coat. 


ec. Logic. A quality, mark, or characteristic, that 
distinguishes a thing from all others in the same 
class ; the attribute by which a species is distin- 
— from other species of the same genus; more 
ul 


ly specific difference: = pele es 
1ssx ‘I’. Witson Logitke (1567) 39 a, When ie or 
Pe lal is rece then the kinde seenaghs Domes 


Hosses £76. Necess. Wks. 1841 V. 371 He requires 

ee aoe <a genus and the difference. 1697 

. Serceant Solid Philos. 387 Not by the old beaten way of 

us ———— a Pastis (ed. a wees _ 
difference of a y is impenetrable Extension, 

difference of a Spirit is Cogitation or Thought. Wur- 

wn Hed pane Se, I. 208 The Predicables =e five 


steps which the gradations of generality and particularity 
inevod 2 jes, difference, individual, accident. 
1860 Asr. Tuomson Laws 7h. § 69. 112 ‘The difference, or 
that mark or marks by which the species is distin, 

from the rest of its genus, 


+. transf. A division, class, or kind. Oés. 

¢1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr, in Palsgr. 920 There ben two 
eee of yves. 1541 R. Cortano Gadyen's 
Terap. 2 Aiv, The flowyng of humours is dyuyded in two 
dyfferences. 1610 Howttanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 34 (D.) 
ere bee of times three differences: the first from the 
creation of man to the Floud or Deluge .. the second from 
the Floud to the first Olympias. Wirkis Real Char, 
veral are 50 be Deane, ue to each 
ifference. a Sir T. Browne 7'racts (x ¥ 36 The 

Sycamore. .is but one kind or difference of Acer. 
5. A discrimination or distinction viewed as con- 
ceived by the subject rather than as existing in the 
objects. Now only in phr. 4o make a difference : 
to distinguish, discriminate, act or treat differently. 


WwW Esdras iv. 39 To taken and dif- 
Phot is ask sek it [trut 1393 Gower Con/. III. 10 
In making of i re may no difference be 
Betwen a drunken man Caxton Gold, 


ference betweene the vncleane and the c' 
LINGEL. Orig. Sacr. u. ii, $2 To make them more capable 
of putting a difference between truth and falshood. 1716 
Apvison Freeholder (J.), Our constitution does not only 


DIFFERENCE. 


make a difference between the guilty and the innocent, 
but, even among the guilty, between such as are more or 
less criminal. 1819 SHELLEY Cenc? y. iv. 82 No difference 

been made by God or man .. "T'wixt good or evil, as 
regarded me, 

6. attrib. and Comé., as difference-engine, a 
machine for calculating arithmetical differences; 
difference-equation, one expressing a relation 
between functions and their differences (sense 2 b) ; 
difference-tone, see TONE sd. 

3 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens, § 23 The mode in which 
the Difference Engine calculates tables is, by the continual 
repetition of the simultaneous addition of several columns 
of figures to other columns, in the manner more particularly 
described below, and printing the result, 

Difference, v. [f. Dirrerence s/.: cf. F. 
différencier, in Cotgr. 1611.] 

+1. intr. To be different, to differ. Obs. rare. 

1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3026 So differences fire werldly 
fro thilk purgatoriale. 1474 Caxton Chesse 72 The ryght 
lawe of nature defferenceth ofte tymes fro custom. 1483 — 
Gold. Leg. 347b/2 They difference as moche as is bitwene 
not to synne and to do well. 

+ 2. trans. To make (something) different from 
what it was (or from what it is in another case) ; 
to change, alter, vary. Obs. rare. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. ut. xxi. 111 In the londe of Samarye 
is a wel that chaungeth and differenceth his colour four 
tymes in the yere. 1572 Bossewett Armorie 8, I wil not 
here speake how well thys Lyon is differenced. 1593 NasHe 
Christ's T. 72 b, God shall reply .. hou hast so differenced 
and diuorced thy selfe from thy creation, that I know thee 
not for my creature. 1675 Evetyn Terra (1729) 11 How 
far Principles might be .. differenced by Alteration and 
Condensation. F a 

b. Her. To make an alteration in or addition to 
(a coat of arms) for the purpose of distinguishing 
members or branches of the same family. 

1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S?, Gt. Brit. u.u. v. (1743) 379 The 
king at arms. .has power to give and difference arms. ¢1710 
(28 Piaive Diary (1888) 96 Like Mullets that they have 
in an Eschuteon to difference the third son from the first and 
second in a family. 1882 Cussans Handbk. Heraldry x. 
(ed. 3) 152 The third son differences his paternal coat with 
a Mullet ..The Arms of the sixth son are differenced by 
a Fleur-de-lys. /déd. 153 All the members of the Royal 
Family —the Sovereign excepted—difference their Arms with 
a silver Label of three points, charged with some distinguish- 
ing mark, specially assigned to them by the crown. 

3. To make different, cause or constitute a differ- 
ence in, differentiate, distinguish (from something 
else). Usually predicated of a quality or attribute : 
frequently in passive. 

1598 Barrer Vheor. Warres v. i, 124 The artillery is 
deuided and differenced into greatnesse or Sizes royall, and 
into lesser sizes. 1627-77 Feiruam Resolves 1. xxv. 45 This 
differenceth a wise man and a fool. 1628 Prynne Love- 
lockes 17 A desire of singularitie, or differencing our selues 
from others. ¢ 1698 Locke Cond. Underst. § 31 Every 
individual has something that differences it from another. 
¢1710 C, Fiennes Diary (1888) 223 They have Little or noe 
wood and noe Coale wt" differences it from Darbyshire. 
1851 Trencu Study of Words vi. (1869) 221 Synonyms. . dif- 
ferenced not by etymology. .but only by usage. 1871 TyLor 
Prim. Cult. U1. 300 That theologic change which differences 
the af of the Rabbinical books from the Jew of the Penta- 
teuch. 1888 M. Burrows Cingue Ports vi. 162 The .. cor- 
poration. . was differenced off from all others by its military 
service, its special functions, etc. 

4. To perceive or mark the difference in or be- 
tween; to make a distinction between, discriminate, 
distinguish (in the mind, or in speech). Const. 
Jrom. (Now rare.) 

1570-6 Lamparve Peraml. Kent (1826) 131 One called it 
Dorobrina, differencing it from Canterbury(which hetermeth 
Doroborni). ¢ 16x11 CHArMAN //iad v. 130 From ~~ knowing 
mind .. I have remov’d those erring mists.. That thou 
may’st difference Gods from men. 1646 FULLER Wounded 
Consc. (1841) 291 Thus these two kinds of ns may 
be differenced and distinguished. 1755 S. WaLKER Serme. 
viii, He is known and differenced from never-so-many, who 
presume, without ‘litle, to be of equal Birth with him. 1878 
Giapstone Prim. Homer 149 The Nestor of the Odyssey 
is carefully differenced from the Nestor of the Iliad, yet 
in just proportion to the altered circumstances. 

+b. intr. or absol. To perceive or mark the 
difference, distinguish (de¢weer). Obs. 

1646 S. Botton Arraignm. Err. 166 You cannot difference 
between false and true. 1647 Trarr Comm. Matt. xix. 20 
Aristotle .. differencing between age and youth, makes it 

roperty of young men to think they know all things. 
1685 Case of Doubting Conscience 65 St. Paul saith, that he 
that doubteth or ditecanceth, is damned or condemned, if 


he eat. 

5. Math, a. To take or calculate the difference 
of. +b. To take the differential of; = DIrFEREN- 
TIATE Y. 4 (obs.). 

1670 Newton in Rigaud Cory. Sct. Men (1841) II. 307 
I thank you for your intimation about the limits of equations 
and differencing their homogeneal terms. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Differential calculus .. is a method of differencing 
quantities ; that is, of finding a rete or infinitely 
small quantity, which, taken an infinite number of times, 
is equal to a given quantity. 1788 Howarp Cyc. I. 424 To 
difference quantities that mutually divide each other. 

Hence Di'fferenced ///.a.; + Di-fferencer, one 
who or that which differences or distinguishes. 

1638-48 G. Daniet Eclog. 11. 252 Shall looke at Glorie .. 
with a differenced Light “To those, who liveing saw that 
flame more bright. 1 u 
81 Circumcision. .to be the Differencer of all other Nations 
from the Jewes. 


D. Rocers Treat. Sacraments 1.— 


341 


+Difference, a. Obds., representing L. deferens : 
see DEFERENT B. 2. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. xi. (1495) 317 The 
cercle that hyghte Difference is the cercle of a planete and 
highte Difference..for it beryth the cercle Epiciclis. 

Differencing (di-férénsin), v//. sd. [f. prec. 
vb. + -InG!.] The action of the verb to Dirrer- 


- ENCE (in various senses). 


1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. i. (1660) 4 Names were insti- 
tuted for differencing of each person from other severally. 
1659 Futter Af. /nj. Innoc. (1840) 617 Writers of civil 
dissentions are sometimes necessitated, for differencing of 
parties, to use those terms they do not approve. 1809-10 
CoLeripcE Friend (1866) 340 The mechanism of the under- 
standing, the whole functions of which consist in individuali- 
zation, in outlines and differencings by quantity, quality, 
and relation. 1865 Edin. Rev. Apr. 339 Differencing is..a 
far more important part of Scottish than of English heraldry. 


Di-fferencing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -InG*.] 
That differences or makes a difference ; distinguish- 
ing, differentiating ; discriminating: see the verb. 

1652 J. Pawson Vind. Free Grace 24 Differencing grace. 
1657 Baxter Acc. Pres. Th. 5 Augustine who rose up 
against Pelagius .. in defence of differencing free grace. 
1660 W. Secker Nonsuch Prof. 16 Differencing mercy calls 
for differencing duty. 1768 PAil. Trans. LIX. 499 There 
is in each [Chinese] character a distinctive or differencing 
Pou. 18483 Blackw. Mag. LVI. 398 The differencing con- 
ditions which qualify the rule. 

Hence Differencingly «a/v. 

a1640 W. Fenner Christ's Alarm (1650) 28 To preach 
differencingly, to distinguish between the precious and the 


vile. 
+ Di-fferency. Oés. [ad. L. differentia Dir- 


FERENCE: see -ENCY. ] = DIFFERENCE 56, 

1607 SHaks. Cor. v. iv. 11 There is differency between 
a Grub & a Butterfly ; yet your Butterfly wasa Grub. 1640 
Sir E. Derinc Proper Sacrifice (1644) 21 The differencie 
of Editions. 1707 Lond. Gaz, No. 4333/1 All Jealousies 
and Differencies being removed. 1812 Henry Cawip. agst. 
Quebec 3 Many differencies of style corrected. 

Different (diferent), a. (sd., adv.) [a. F. dif 
Jérent (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. different-em 
differing, different, pr. pple. of d¢fer-re trans. to 
bear or carry asunder, etc., 277. to tend asunder, 
have opposite bearings, DirFER.] 

A. adj. 

1, Having characters or qualities which diverge 
from one another ; having unlike or distinguishing 
attributes; not of the same kind; not alike; of other 
nature, form, or quality. 

c 1400 Lan/franc's Cirurg. 90 To heele bobe pe ulcus and 
pe festre wip medicyns different pat longen to bem bobe. 
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1 Largely and in many 
diffrent maners, c1g00 Sc. Poem Her. 431nQ. Eliz. Acad., 
etc. 95 The fader the hole, the eldest son defferfe]nt, quhiche 
alabelle ; acressent the secound. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. 
Conv 1. (1586) 21 b, Persons different in state and condition. 
1607 SHaxs. Lear w. iii. 37 Mate and mate could not beget 
Such different issues. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xv. 79 Appe- 
tite, and Aversions. .in different tempers. .are different. 1711 
STEELE Sfect. No. 114 ® 4 Their Manners are very widel 
different. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7. (1816) I. viil. 
so With what different eyes different people behold the 
same objects. 1860 TynpaLt Glac. 1, xxii. 154 Different 
positions of the limb require different molecular arrange- 
ments. 1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) IV. 29 Principles as 
widely different as benevolence and self-love. 1887 Ruskin 
Preterita 11. 248 We both enjoyed the same scenes, though 
in different ways. . 

b. Const. from; also Zo, than (tagainst, + with). 

The usual construction is now with /rovz; that with fo 
(after unlike, dissimilar to) is found in writers of all ages, 
and is frequent colloquially, but is by many considered 
incorrect. ‘The construction with thax Cfter other than), is 
found in Fuller, Addison, Steele, De Foe, Richardson, Gold- 
smith, Miss Burney, Coleridge, Southey, De Quincey, 
Carlyle, Thackeray, Newman, ‘Trench, and Dasent, among 
others: see F, Hall Mod. English iii. 82. 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 125b, His lyght is 
moche different and vnlyke to the lyght of the holy goost. 
1588 R. Parke tr. Afendosa’s Hist. China 257 If .. they 
could write any other language that were different vnto 
theirs. [/b/d. 271, 291.) 1590 Suaxs. Com. Err. v. i. 46 
This weeke he hath beene .. much different from the man 
he was. 1603 Dekker, &c. Grissi/ (1841) 72 Oh, my dear 
Grissil, how much different Art thou to this curs’d spirit 
here! 1624 Heywoop Guuaik. 1. 15 Humane wisdome, 
different against the divine will, is vaine and contemptible. 
1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 45 We make use of them 
in a quite different manner then we did in the beginning. 
1649 Eart Mono. tr. Sexaudlt’s Passions (1671) 245 She 
(hatred] hath this of different with love, that she is much 
more sensible. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 159 P 2 Tunes .. 
different from anything I had ever heard. FIELDING 
Hist, Reg. u. Wks. (1882) X. 218 It’s quite a erent thing 
within to what itis without. 1769 Gotpsm. Rom. Hist. (1786) 
I. 105 The consuls. . had been elected for very different merits 
than those of skill in war. 1790 CoLeBRookE in Lé/e (1873) 
38 The different prosperity of the country which they con- 
quered..with that of the countries under English rule. -1848 
J. H. Newman Loss § Gain 306 It has possessed me in a 
different way than ever before. 1852 THACKERAY Esmond 
11. ii. (1869) 169 The party of prisoners lived .. with comforts 
very different to those which were awarded to the 
wretches there. 1861 M. Partison Zss, (1889) I. 44 Ware- 
houses and wharves no way different from those on either 
side of them, 

2. Ina weaker sense, used as a synonym for other, 
as denying identity, but without any implication of 
dissimilarity ; not the same, not identical, distinct. 

1651 Hospes Leviath. u. xxvi. 138 Civill, and Naturall 
Law are not different kinds, but different parts of Law. 


DIFFERENTIAL. 


1711 Appison Sfect, No. 35 P 3 At different times he appears 
as serious as a Judge, and as jocular as a Merry-Andrew. 
1802 Pacey Nat, Theol. v. § 2 (1819) 52 To different persons, 
and in different stages of science. 1860 TYNDALL G/ac. 1. 1. 
3 Some .. may be split with different facility in different 
directions. x Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. App. 717 
Eadwig King of the Churls is quite a different person from 
Eadwig the A‘theling. 1868 Lockyer Elem. Astron. iii. 
(1879) 145 The daily motion of the Earth is very different in 
different parts. J/od. I suspect this is a different coin from 
the other, though, being both new sovereigns of this year, 
they are quite indistinguishable. 

3. Comb., as different-minded, -coloured. 

1680 ALLEN Peace §& Unity 13 If this .. will not reconcile 
the different-minded to our judgement. 1768-74 ‘TuckER 
Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 455 We may have different heights. .or 
wear different-coloured clothes. 1831 Brewster Uftics x. 
gt The different-coloured spaces of the spectrum. 

B. sd. 

+1. A disagreement, dispute; = DIFFERENCE 
sb. 3. Obs. rave. (OF. adifférent, written by the 
Academy différend. | 

1483 Caxton Cato Ciijb, The whych deuyll myght not 
fynde the manere for to... brynge them to dyscencion and 
dyfferente. 1484 — Fadles of sop ww. vi, Whan a lygnage 
or kyndred is in dyfferent or in dyuysyon. /ézd. v. x, We 
praye the that thow vouchesauf to accorde our dyferent so 
that pees be made betwene vs. 1606 G. W[oopcocKE] tr. 
Hist. Lvstine LV ij a, Whereupon arose cruell differents be- 
tweene the Genooise and the Venetians. 

2. That which is different ; a contrary or oppo- 
site. rare. 

1581 LAMBARDE “/ren. 1v. Epil. (1602) 589 ‘To shew things 
by their contraries and differents. 1890 J. H. Srirvinc 
Philos. & Theol. iii. 49 The fairest harmony results from 
differents. 

as adv. 
educated use. 

1744 Saran Fietpinc David Simple 1. 3, I spent my 
Infancy. .very different from what most Children do. 1775 
Map. D’Arsiay Early Diary (1889) I. 131 He pronounces 


=Dirrrerentiy. Now only in un- 


English quite different from other foreigners. 1803 tr. 
Lebrun's Mons. Botte WI. 9 They had .. acted perfectly 
different from those parties who [ete.]. 1 KINGSLEY 


Water Bab. viii. 374 ‘Oh dear, if 1 was but a little chap in 
Vendale again. .how different I would go on !” 

Different, obs. form of DEFERENT. 

|| Differentia (diferenfia). Pl. -ive (-i,9). Lagée. 
[L. =difference, diversity; a species.] ‘The attri- 
bute by which a species is distinguished from all 
other species of the same genus; a distinguishing 
mark or characteristic ; = DIFFERENCE sd. 4c. 

1827 WHATELY Logic ii. 1. § 4 (ed. 2) 62 Either the mate- 
rial part [of their essence] which is called the Genus, or the 
formal and distinguishing part, which is called Diff 
or in common discourse, characteristic. 1850 KINGSLEY 
Tennyson Misc. 1, 218 This deep, simple faith in the divine- 
ness of Nature .. which, in our eyes, is Mr. ‘Tennyson’s 
differentia. 1851 Mans ve, Logica i. (1860) 54 ‘Vhe 
concept whiteness, ties of colour, is capable of 
definition by its optical differentia, 1889 A. LANG /uirod. 
Romilly’s Verandah N. G.17 Yo be inconsistent and inco- 
herent and self-contradictory is the very differentia and 
characteristic of myth. 1889 R. L. Ortiey in Lice Madi 
(1890) xii. 476 ‘To arrive at the true differentia of Christian 
morals. 

Lifferentiable (diférenfiabl), a rare. [f. 
med.L. differentia-re differentiate: see -BLE.] Cap- 
able of being differentiated. 

1863 E. V. Neate Anal. Th. §& Nat. 219 So as to produce 
a new differentiable material from the crash of ancient 
integrations. 1867 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. IL. vii. § 296. 
309 Undeniable proof that they [the tissues] are easily dif- 
ferentiable. A/od. (Zath.) All functions of a variable are 
differentiable, but not all are integrable. 


Differential (diférenfal), a. andsé. [ad. med. 
or mod.L. differenizal-ts, f. differentia Dir FER- 
ENCE: see -AL. Cf. mod.F. dfférentiel (Dict. 
Trev. 1732).] A. adj. 

1. Of or relating to difference or diversity ; ex- 
hibiting or depending on a difference or distinction ; 
esp. in Comm. used of duties or charges which differ 
according to circumstances. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 1. xii, This be understood 
Of differentiall profunditie. 1841 Myers Cath. 7h. m1. 
xxiv. 90 This testimony does not decide .. the differential 
amount of sacredness between Substantial Divinity and 
Literal Infallibility. 1845 M’CutLocu 7ara/ion u1. v. (1852) 
222 To reduce the present differential or prohibitory duties 
on the sugar of foreign countries. 1868 RocGers /’od. Econ. 
xix. (1876) 5 Differential duties in favour of colonial timber. 
1894 Jessore Rand. Roam. ii. 60 They compounded for 
murder according to a differential tariff. ; : 

2. Constituting a specific difference or d7fferentia; 
distinguishing, distinctive, special. 

1652 GauLe Magastrom, 77 Any quality of sympathy or 
antipathy (which doe follow naturally the specifick or 
differentiall forms). 1 33 Cueyne. Eng. Malady i. xi. § 1 
(1734) 227 The great differential Marks of the Distemper * 
will appear. 1851 De Quincey Carlisle on Pope Wks. 
XIII. 24 Every case in the law courts .. presents some one 
differential feature peculiar to itself. 1893 F. Haut in Nation 
(N.Y.) LVIL. 449/3 One of the differential peculiarities of 
a highly important division of the Hindus of olden times. 

b. Relating to specific differences. Differential 
diagnosis : the distinguishing between two similar 
species of disease, or of animals or plants. 

1875 B. Meavows Clin. Odserv. 29 Any system of specific 
treatment governed by differential diagnosis. 1877 Roperts 
Handbk, Med. I. 19 1n others the diagnosis has to be more 
or less differential, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 


DIFFERENTIAL. 


8. A/ath. Relating to infinitesimal differences (see 
B. 1). ; 

Differential calculus: a vented 
by Leibnitz in 1677, which treats of the infinitesimal differ- 
ences between consecutive values of continuously varyii 

uantities, and of their rates of change as measured by suc! 

ifferences. (Newton's method of Fruxions was another 
~ of treating the same subject.) Differential coefficient : 
a function expressing the rate of change, or the relation 
between consecutive values, of a varying quantity: see 
Corrricient B. 2c. Differential equation: an equation 
involving differentials (see B. 1). 

1702 Ratruson Math. Dict. s.v. Fluxions, A different way 
.. passes .. in France under the Name of Leibnitz’s Differ- 
ential Calculus, or Calculus of Differences., 1706 H. Drrron 
Instit, Fluxious 17 The Fundamental Principles fof Fluxions) 
+. appear to be more accurate, clear, and convincing than 
those of the Differential Calculus. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyci. 
s.v., Mr. Leibnitz .. calls it differential calculus, as con- 
sidering the infinitely small quantities .. as the differences 
of the quantities ; and, accordingly, expressing them by 
the letter @ prefixed: as the differential of x by dx. 
1763 W. Emerson Meth. Increments 75 A differential 

uation. 1808 Edin, Rev. Jan. 256 The general methods 
of integrating the differential equations above mentioned. 
1816 tr. Lacroix’s Diff. & Int. Calculus 4 The limit of the 
ratio of the increments, or the differential coefficient, will 
be obtaiged. 1819 G. Peacock (t/t/e), Comparative view of 
the fluxional and differential Calculus. - 1835 Macautay 
Ess., Mackintosh's Hist. Rev. (1854) 321/1 We submit that 
a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling 
Galileo and Napier blockheads, because they never heard 
of the differential calculus. 

4. Physics and Mech. Relating to, depending on, 
or exhibiting the difference of two (or more) mo- 
tions, pressures, temperatures, or other measurable 
physical qualities: a. of physical actions or effects. 
Differential tone (in Acoustics) = difference-tone: 
see TONE sd. 

1 4 Tucker L?¢, Nat, (1852) 1. 406 Weight is made by 
the differential, not the absolute pressure of ether. 1868 
Lockyer Elem. Astron. 318 As the Sun's distance is so 

reat compared with the diameter of the Earth, the dif- 
erential effect of the Sun's action is small. 1873 B. Stewarr 
Conserv’. Energy iv. § 136. 97 Wherever in the universe 
there is a differential motion, that is to say, a motion of 
one part of it towards or from another. el Le Conte 
Elem, Geol. 1. (1879) 55 The centre of the glacier moved 
faster than the margins. ‘This differential motion is the 
capital discovery in relation to the motion of glaciers. 1880 
E. J. Payne in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 726 Two notes.. 
sounded together. . generate a third. .tone, whose vibrational 
number equals the difference of their several vibrational 
numbers .. These tones Helmholtz calls differential tones. 


b. of instruments or mechanical contrivances: 


ee lenlati 


in 


e. g. 
Differential gear, gearing: a combination of toothed 
wheels communicating a motion depending on the difference 
of their diameters or of the number of their teeth. Differ- 
ential pulley: a pulley having a block with two rigidly 
connected wheels or sheaves of different diameters, the 
chain or rope unwinding from one as it winds on the other. 
Differential screw: a screw having two threads of dif- 
ferent pitch, one of which unwinds as the other winds. 
Differential thermometer: a thermometer consisting of 
two air-bulbs connected by a bent tube partly filled with a 
liquid, the position of the column of liquid indicating the 
difference of temperature between the two bulbs. Differen- 
tial winding : the method of winding two insulated wires 
side by side in an electric coil, through which currents pass 
in opposite directions. 

1804 J. Lestiz //eat 9 The instrument most essential in 
this research. . was the differential thermometer. 1834 Mech. 
Mag. XXI1. 3 Saxton's differential pulley. /did. 6 The 
‘locomotive differential pulley’ can never be made to 
answer the expectations of the inventor. 1881 MaxweLv 
Electr. & Magn. 1. 433 The differential galvanometer, an 
instrument in which there are two coils, the currents in 
which are independent of each other. 1884 Mincutn Statics 
(ed. 3) I. 188 A Differential Wheel and Axle is sometimes 
employed. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. p52 In 1877 Mr. 
James Starley, it is believed without any knowledge of the 
gear used by Fowler for traction engines, re-invented the 
same differential gear for tricycles. 


B. sb. 

1. Math. a. (In the differential and integral cal- 
culus) ‘The infinitesimal difference between conse- 
cutive values of a continuously varying quantity 
(corresponding to a Moment or FLux1on in New- 
ton’s method) ; either of the two quantities (usually 
considered to be infinitesimal) whose ratio consti- 


tutes a differential coefficient. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Fluxion, This Method 
is much. .shorter than. .the French one with the Differential 
d multiplied into the Flowing Quantity, to denote the 
Fluxion, 1730-6 Baitey (folio), DiVerential of any quan- 
tity, is the fluxion of that quantity. 1788 Howarp Cyc/. I. 

24 Multiply the differential of [each] factor into the other 
factor, the sum of the two [products] is the differential 
sought. 1819 G. Peacock View Fluxional §& Diff. Calc. 
25 The Differential is hut the measure of the rate of in- 
crease. 1880 Bucxincuam Elem. Diff. & Int. Calc. (ed. 2) 
42 The function which Leibnitz terms ‘differential’ and 
which Newton designates as a ‘fluxion’ is the concrete 
symbol which represents the rate of change in the variable. 

+b. A logarithmic tangent. Ods. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Differential, in the doctrine of 
logarithms. Kepler calls the logarithms of tangents, @7/ 
Serentiales; which we usually call artificial tangents. 1845 
Caytey Wks. 1. 145 Logarithmic differential. pice 

2. Biol. A distinction or distinctive characteristic 
of structure: opp. to valent, 

1883 A. Hyarr in Proc. role egy Adv. Sci. XXXI1. 
3 seg aid 


358 uring their istory, ch 


342 


divisible into two categories: those which become morpho- 
logical equivalents and are ially simil disti 
series, and those which are essentially different in distinct 
series and may be classed as ical differentials. 

3. Comm. A differential charge: see A. 1. 
se eee se Seek. The morality of American 
Railway panies as diffe and commis- 


sions. 

Differentialize, v. [f. prec. +-1zx.] trans. ‘Yo 
make differential ; to differentiate. 

1862 Sat. Rev. X1V. 601/1 Words..more or less modified 
or, as some phil rs would say, differentialized in 
meaning. 

Differentially (difére-nfali), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-LY *.] Ina differential manner. 

1. Distinctively, specially, by way of difference : 
see DIFFERENTIAL A. 2. 

1644 J. Srrickanp in S eon Treas. Dav. Ps xlvi. 7 
God 1s said to be in heaven differentially, so as he is not 
anywhere else. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. xxviii. 
(R.) When biting serpents are mentioned in the Scripture 
they are not differentially set down from such as mischief 
by a 1846 De Quincey Antigone of Sophocles 
Wks. XIV. 207 These persons will .. wish to know .. what 
there is differentially interesting in a Grecian tragedy, as 
contrasted with one of Shakspere’s or of Schiller’s. 1880 
Stusss Med. & Mod. Hist. ix. (1886) 210, I will. .state next 
what sorts of rights, forces, and ideas I consider, mark 
differentially the three periods at which I have been looking. 

2. In relation to the difference of two measurable 
quantities; in two different directions : see Dir- 
FERENTIAL A, 4. 

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. x. (L.), Whether .. every- 
thing is explicable on the hypothesis of universal pressure, 
whence what we call tension results differentially from 
inequalities of pressure in opposite directions. 1883 Nature 
XXVII. 275 The magnets. . being in both these patterns of 


lamp wound differentially. 1892 Gloss. Electrical Terms | 


in Lightning 7 Jan. (Suppl.), Differentially-wound dynamo 


machine, a compound-wound machine in which currents | 


flow in oppos'te directions in the coils on the field magnets. 

Differentiant (diférenfiant). A/ath. Also 
differenciant. [f. pr. ppl. stem of med.L. dif 
ferenlia-re-or ¥, différentier : see next and -ant!.] 
A rational integral function of elements a, 4, ¢,. ., 
which elements multiplied by binomial coefficients 
are the coefficients in a binary quantic, which re- 
mains unchanged when for them are substituted the 
elements of the new quantic obtained by putting 
x + Ay for x in the original quantic (Sylvester). 

1878 Syivester in PA. Mag. March, I propose to give 
a systematic developement of the Calculus of Invariants, 
taking a differentiant as the primordial germ or unit. 

Differentiate (diférenfijet', v.  [f. ppl. stem 
of med.L. differentiare, £. differentia DIFFERENCE : 
cf. F. différentier, -encier.] 

1. trans. To make or render different; to con- 
stitute the difference in or between ; to distinguish. 

1853 De Quincey A utodiog. Sk. Wks. 1. 199 note, Genius 
differentiates a man from all other men, 1872 Yeats Techn. 
Hist. Com, 22 The use of fire .. constitutes one of the 
great distinctions by which man is differentiated from the 
lower animals, 1874 L. Steruen Hours in Libr. (1892) I. 
ii. 48 His language..is sufficiently differentiated from 
prose by the mould into which it is run. 

2. Biol., etc. To make different in the process of 


| growth or development ; to make unlike by modi- 


fication, esp. for a special function or purpose ; to 
specialize. (Chiefly used in passive.) 

1858 Huxtey Oceanic Hydrozoa (Ray Soc.) 22 The sub- 
stance of the spermarium .. becomes differentiated into 
minute, clear, spherical vesicles. 1869 Seecey Lect. & 
Ess. i. 15 We have heard..of the power which all 
organisms possess of differentiating special organs to meet 
special needs, 1871 Darwin Desc. A/an Il. xx. 365 The 

wer of sexual selection in differentiating the tribes. 1874 

. R. Revysoips Fokn Baft. iii. § 1. 127 The office of 
priest..is ultimately differentiated from that of the prophet 
and the prince. Carventer Ment. Phys. 1. ts Bg 
‘ Protoplasm’ or living jelly, which is not yet differentiat 
into ‘organs’. 1885 af Batt in Frnt. Linn, Soc. XX. 
26 A very long period of .. isolation during which a large 

ber of separate species, and not a few genera, have 

been differentiated. | 1893 F. Haut. in Nation (N.Y.) LVII. 
229/2 As being distinctly differentiated from practiser, it 
(practiti ung’ i ble utility. i 

b. zutr. (for refl.) To become differentiated or 
specialized, 

1874 Lewes in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 692 Nebulw which 
differentiate into a solar system. 1884 Bower & Scorr De 
Bary's Phaner. 155 Their walls become thickened as they 
differentiate from the meristem, si 

3. trans. To observe, note, or ascertain the dif- 
ference in or between; to discriminate between, 
distinguish. 

1876 G. F, Cuamuers Astron. 915 Differentiate, to fix 
the pes of one celestial object by comparing it with 
another. 1878 Miss Brappon Ofen Verd. xxxv. 239 Typhus 
and t id, which two fatal diseases .. Jenner was just 
then seeking to differentiate. 1880 R.C. Dryspace in 


> Med. Temp. Fruit. Oct. x 1 have known some difficulty in 


differentiating such attacks from those of epilepsy. 
b. intr. To recognize the difference. 

1891 J. Foe in Educat. Rev. 1. 258 One important 
use of child study is to differentiate between functions that 
in the adult have me merged. : 

4. Math. To obtain the differential or the differ- 
ential coefficient of. 

3816 tr. Lacroix’s Diff. & Int. Calculus 18 The differen- 
tial coefficient being a new function. .may itself be differen- 


DIFFERING. 


tiated. 1882 Mincutn Unipl Kinemat, 229 Differentiate 
this equation first with respect to £ and then with renpect 
oO 
Hence Differentiated /f/. a., Differentiating 
vl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Differentiator, he who 
ae. which differentiates. 
~ Macm Fe Pi 5 I i, 
hopteven, sheur ta Sete cxveulttag kitbip mseqctidemte 


process, Their en 
1864 H. Spencer J/lust, Univ. Ras 


trast of prt on Twn ap ewer tay enh oe hoa 
trast x YNDALL Fra; c. (18: . XX, 
The di iating infl of * er Sexeee pions 


of similar natural cast. 1888 R. F. Litriepate in Acad 
7 July 6/1 No impressi i imitation. .but on! 
that of differentiated heredity. Mod. (Math.) The rest 
can be obtained by differentiating. 

Differentiation (diférenfij7fan). [n. of ac- 
tion f, DIFFERENTIATE; so in mod.F.] 

1. The action of differentiating, or condition of 
being differentiated (see prec. 1, 2); any change 
by which like things become unlike, or something 
homogeneous becomes heterogeneous; sfec. in 
Biol., etc., the process, or the result of the process, 
by which in the course of growth or development 
a part, organ, etc. is modified into a special form, 
or for a special function ; specialization ; also the 
gradual production of differences between the de- 
scendants of the same ancestral ty; 

H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ie Ie iii. 49 In the 
rudimen nervous system, there is no such structural 
differentiation. E. V. Neate Anal. Th. & Nat. 217 
The differentiation of a diffused material substance into the 
opposite forms of suns and planets. 1865 Gosse Land & Sea 
(1874) 213 The lower the rank of an organism .. the less of 
differentiation we find, the less of specialty in the assign- 
ment of function to organ. 1871 Darwin Desc. Maw 1. ii. 
61 He [the naturalist] justly considers the differentiation 
and specialisation of organs as the test of perfection. 1874 
Sweer Eng. Sounds 23 The Roman alphabet has been 
further enriched by the differentiation of various forms of 
the same letter, of which the present distinction between 
u and v, é and 7, are instances. 1875 Lyeut Princ. Geol. 11. 
ut. xliii. 480 We cannot so easily account for the differen- 
tiation of the Papuan and the Malay races. 1880 A. R. 
Wattace /sé. = 278 Long continued isolation would 
often lead to the differentiation of species. ; 

2. The action of noting or ascertaining a differ- 
ence (see prec. 3); discrimination, distinction. 

a@ 1866 Wuewe tt in Macm. Mag. XLV. 142 Men rush.. 
to differentiation on the slightest provocation. 1875 G. H. 
Lewes Prob. of Life & Mind Ser. 1. I. vi. iv. 504 The 
logical distinctions represent real differentiations, but not 
distinct existents. 1876 Barruotow Mat. Med. (1879) 114 
A careful differentiation of the causes. 

3. Math. The operation of obtaining a differen- 
tial or differential coefficient. 

1802 Woopnouse in Phil. Trans. XCII. 123 note, Pro- 
cesses of evolution, differentiation, integration, &c. are 
much more easily performed with the former expression. 
1816 tr. Lacrvix’s Diff. & Int. Calculus 21 The J eg 
of differentiation having been deduced. 1885 Watson & 
Bursury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. 1. 31 Performing the 
differentiations and substituting, we get [etc.] 

+ Differentio-differential, a. A/ath. Obs. 

1727-51 Cuamers Cycl., Differentio-differential Calculus 
is a method of differencing differential quantities. .the same, 
in effect, with the differential. 

Differently (di-f€réntli), adv. [f. Dirrerenr 
a.+-LY2.] Ina different manner, or to a different 
degree ; diversely. hire 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. viii. (1495) ot alle 
1 oe defferentely. ¢ 1400 Lowfat Gay: 124 

Younded in pe heed differentliche. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our 
Ladye 292 To the sonne ys sayde, Christeleyson dyf- 
ferentely from them, for he ys not only god wyth them, but 
also man. 1618 Botton / tv. vill. And now his 
Navie wafted up and down .. O how differently from his 
Father! hee rooted out the Cilicians, but this man stirred 
Pyrats to take his . @x6a2 R. Hawkins Hawkins’ 
Voyages (1878) 124 . have recounted this mysterie 
differently to that which is written, 165: Hones Lewiath. 
1. iv. 37 we conceive the same things differently, we 
can hardly avoyd different naming of them. 1665 }. Ser- 
GEANT na gee 182 Reason acts much different 
then formerly, 1713 Berkecey Guardian No, 70? 5 Philo- 
aopnees pogs of most things very differently from the voles. 
1770 Map. D'Arsiay Early Diary 10 Jan. (1889) 1. 64 How 
very differently do I begin this year to what I did the 
last! 1844 C. C. Sourney Andrew Bell 111, 135 He seems 
to have spent his time somewhat differently than was usual 
with him, 1860 Tynpaut. Glace. 1. vi. 45 Two ager pe 
ferently illuminated. Ruskin Sesame 25 He will v 
differently from you in many respects. 

. rare. [f. as prec, + -NESS.] 
The quality of being different ; difference. 

1727 Baiey vol. Il, Diferentness, difference. 1862 F. 
Haut Hindu Philos. Syst. 95 In the twenty-four qualities, 
they include diffe , 

Di-ffering, v//. sd. [f. Dirrer v. + -1nG1.] 

1. The action of the verb R, q.¥. ; difference, 

1822 Mus. E. Natuan Langreath I, 151 You must excuse 
so ial a differing in our opinions. by) 

+2. Her. = Dirrerence sd. 4b. Obs. 

z ee a 7 
is the maner of differings. 
+3. Adi ent; = DIFFERENCE sd. 3. | 

1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 266 [To] decide our diff 
in Church and State. 1690 W. Waker /diomat. A 


“ail 


Lat. 220 Hence great —- Me as on ). 
Cu. . agst. Bigotry 16 heir li Differings _ 
SRonid wos ovcesion the abating of their amtunl Lows: 


Another matter ..to be reformed, 


ee 


DIFFERING. 


Differing, 7//. a. [f. as prec. +-1nc2.] That 
differs ; see the verb. 

1. in gen. sense; = Dirrerent a. Very common 
in 17th and early 18th c.; now rare or Obs. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. Pr. vy. 131 Dyuerse and differyn: 
substaunces. 1598 Manwoop Lawes /orest x. § 7 (1615 
79/1 An especiall manner of proceeding..which is differing 
from the proceeding [etc.]. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. t. iv. 
§ 2 (1873) 28 Whose writings were in a differing style and 
form. ¢1645 J. Howett Ze¢t. II. xii, Which makes me to 
be ofa differing opinion to that Gentleman. 1666 Boye Ovig. 
Formes & Quad., Very differing from that pure whitenesse 
to be observ'd in the neighbouring Snow lately fallen. 1702 
Pore Sappho 43 Turtles and doves of diff’ring hues unite, 
1719 De For Crusoe m1. xii. (1858) 547 A differing name from 
that which our Portuguese pilot gave it. 1763 Sir W. Jonrs 
Caissa Poems (1777) 128 A polish’d board, with differing 
colours grac’d. 1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross 1. 126, 
I was so changed by dress. .as to appear... essentially differ- 
ing to what I had ever been. — 

. Disagreeing in opinion or statement ; discre- 
pant, discordant. 

158 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 31 Hauing much a-doe 
toaccord differing Writers. 1677 W. Hussarp Narrative 68 
There are differing accounts about the manner of his taking 
and by whom, 1858 Martineau Stud. Chr. 280 The differ- 
ing voices of the intellect and the soul. 

+3. At variance, disputing, quarrelling. Obs. 

¢16rx Cuapman //iad 1x. 543 Then sent they the chief 
priests of Gods with offer'd gifts t’ atone His differing fury. 
hrs Dryven Pal. §& Arc. Ded. to Duchess Ormond 152 

daughter of the Rose, whose cheeks unite The differing 
titles of the Red and White. 

+ Differingly, adv. Ods.  [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a differing manner, differently. 

1602 Warner Alb. Eng. (1612) 364 More diffringly and 
doubtingly than of the other sixe. 1666 Boye Orig. Hormes 
§ Qual. (1667) 27 Each organ of Sense..may be it selfe dif- 
feringly affected by external Objects. 1688 — Pinal Causes 
Nat. Things ii. 58 Organs of sight that are very differingly 
framed and placed. a@1691 — /77st. Air xix. (1692) 163 
These differingly colour’d sorts of Vitriol. 

+ Differrrence. Ovs. [f. differ, obs. form of 
Derer v.! + -ENCE.] The action of deferring or 
putting off, delay. 

1559 CrosraGuELL Let, Willock in Keith Hist. Ch. Scotd, 
App. 198 The hail warld may se that it is bot differrence 
that ye desyre, and not to haif the mater at ane perfyte tryall. 

Diffet, obs. var. Divot, a sod. 

+ Diffi‘bulate, v. Obs. rare -°.. [f. ppl. stem 
of L. difftbulare, £. dif-, Dis- + fibula clasp, buckle, 
Frsuta.] To unclasp, unbuckle. 

ee ead Glossogr., Diffibulate, to unbutton, open or 
ungird, r . ‘ 

+ Difficacity. Ods. rare—°. [ad. med.L. di ffiica- 
citas, £. difficax difficult (Catholicon).] Difficulty. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Difficacity, hardness or difficulty. 

|| Difficile, -il (difi-sil, di-fisil),@. Ods. (exc. as 
Fr.) [a. late OF. défictle (15th c. in Littré), ad. L. 
diffictl-zs, f. dif-. Dis- + faczlis able to be done, 
easy. Cf. Pr. dificil, Sp. dificil, It. déffictle.] The 
opposite of faczle. 

+1. Not easy, hard to do or accomplish, trouble- 
some; =DIFFICULT a. 1a, b (q.v. for construé- 
tions). Obs. 

1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 143 It is a difficile thing 
to a man to be long in helth. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. 
x. 29 Al thinges seme dyfficyle to the dysciple. 1500-25 
Dunbar’s Poems (2805) 72 ‘hocht luve be grene in gud 
curage, And be difficill till asswage. 1533 BELLENDEN Livy 
11, (1822) 205 The Romanis .. finalie wan the difficillest and 
maist strate parte of the said montane. 1566 Painter 
Pal. Pleas. 1. 45b, To adventure anye hard and difficile 
exploit. 1573 Vew Custon u. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 30 
No matter so difficile for man to find out. 162x Burton 
Anat. Mel. u. i. 1. ii. 302 They..make it ‘most dan- 
gerous and difficill to be cured. 1663 Butter Hud.1, i. 53 
That Latine was no more difficile Than to a Blackbird ’tis 
to whistle. 1665 Sir T, Hersert 7vav, (1677) 88 Hope 
oft fancies that to be facile in the attainment, which reason 
in the event shews difficile. 

+2. Hard to understand ; =DIFFICULT a, Ic. 

¢ 1546 Joye in Gardiner Declar. Art. Foye (1546) p. xv, 


Isai prophecied of Christ that..he shoulde not be darke and | 


dyffycyle or harde in his doctrine. 1552 Asp. HamiLton 
Catech, (1884) 46 Ane exposition of difficil & obscuire placis. 
7637 Gitiespre Ang, Pop. Cerem, mi. viii. 196 If the matter 
be doubtfull and difficille. és 

|| 3. Of persons: Hard to persuade or satisfy ; un- 
accommodating, making difficulties; awkward, 
troublesome to deal with; = DIFFICULT a. 3. 

In modern use as nonce-wd. from French (défész‘l). 

1536 in’ Strype Zec?. Mem. I. App. Ixxvi. 183 The Kings 
highnes..wold not shew himself very difficile. 1622 Bacon 
Hen. VII, Wks. (Bohn) 448 This cardinal. . finding the pope 
difficile in granting thereof. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septua- 
gint 146 Some race of Women are deficile and troublesome. 
185s CaroLinE Fox Mem. Old Friends (1882) 301 The most 
difficile and bizarre body in Christendom. 188r Mattock 
Romance 19th Cent. 1. 248 No jealousy..made her in the 
least cold or difficile. 

+ Difficilely, -illy, adv. Ods. [f. Dirricin(z 
+-Ly~.] Ina difficult manner ; with difficulty. 

1613 Suertey 7rav. Persia 99 Princes difficilly speak 
of peace while they feele themselues able to make warres. 

Difficileness (difis7Inés). [f. prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being ‘difficile’; see above. (In 
modern use from DIFFICILE 3.) 

1607-12 Bacon Ess., Goodness (Arb.) 204 A Crosnes, or 
frowardnes, or aptnes to oppose, or difficilenes. 1632 Lirx- 


343 


cow Trav. vil. 373 Doubting of his passage, and the difficil- 
nesse of the Countrey. 1 R.A. KinG Shadowed Life 
III. iii, 58 In love .. with her person, her pleasantness, her 
fortune .. and last, though not least, her difficileness. 

Difficilitate, v. rave or Obs. [f. L. difficel-zs 
difficult: cf. Dirricutrate.] trans. To render 
difficult: the opposite of facz/étate. 

16x Cotcr., Difiiculter, to difficultate, or difficilitate ; to 
make difficult. 1640 Quartes Enchirid. 1. \xxviii, The bold- 
nesse of their resolution will disadvantage the assaylants, 
and difficilitate their design. 1648 W. Mountacur Devout 
Ess.1. xv. §4(R.) The inordinateness of our love difficilitateth 
this duty. 

+ Difficul, «. Obs. Also 5 deffykel, 6 difficull. 
[? a. OldLat. dzficul (cited by Nonius from Varro) : 
the Eng. word may however have been deduced 
from dfficul-ty, or pronounced after the latter, in- 
stead of with sibilant ¢ as in dfficdle.] = next. 
Hence + Difficully adv. Ods. 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 99 Olde woundys which pat beb 
deffykel to be consowdyde. 1552 Hutoet, Difficull reason, 
obscuratio, obscurum argumentum., Vitfuse or difficull, 
obscurus, Ibid., Difficullye, difficile. c 1645 Howerr Lett. 
(1650) II. 112 Certain .. words .. accounted the difficulst in 
all the whole Castilian language. 

Difficult (difikzlt), a. Also 5 dyficulte, 5-6 
difficulte. Comp. difficulter, sup. difficultest 
(now rare). [An English formation, of which the 
ending -cz/¢ is not etymologically regular: cf. 
L. diffictl-is, ¥. diffictle. It has been regarded 
as deduced from the sb. dzfficult-y; and it may 
have arisen under the joint influence of «¢fficu/ 
(see prec.) and dzfficu/ty. It appeared earlier than 
the adoption of dzfict/e from French, which it has 
also outlived.] 

1. Not easy; requiring effort or labour; occa- 
sioning or attended with trouble; troublesome, 
hard. a. of actions, etc.: Hard to do, perform, 
carry out, or practise. Often with 27f. subject. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1, (1594) 42 Good 
beginnings in all great matters are alwaies the difficultest 
part ofthem. 1598 Haktuyr Voy. I. 212 (R.) Things diffi- 
culte [they] haue made facile. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 
1. 149 Necromancers. .their arte is exceeding difficult. 1608 
D. T. Ess. Pol, §& Mor. 19 b, How difficult a thing it is, to 
love, and to be wise, and both at once. 1666 BoyLr O7ig. 
Formes §& Qual., The greatest and difficultest Changes. 
1676-7 Marveti Corr. cclxxv. (1872-5) II. 504 It is much 
difficulter for you to have obtained an injunction, than to 
retain it. 1751 JoHNsSOoN Rawebler No. 172 P14 Virtue is 
sufficiently difficult with any circumstances. 1799 Kirwan 
Geol, Ess. 10 [Vheir] difficult solubility in water. 1860 
Mottey Nether. (1868) I. i. 1 It is difficult to imagine a 
more universal disaster. 1876 Moztey Univ. Seri. ix. 
(1877) 195 Generosity to an equal is more difficult than 


generosity to an inferior, 

b. of the object of an action. Const. zf: 
(now usually act., less freq. Zass.), or with of or zn 
before a noun expressing the action; also with 
the action contextually implied (=hard to pass, 
reach, produce, construct, or otherwise deal with.) 

cx400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 99 To consowde olde woundes 
whiche pat ben difficult (47S. B. deffykel] to be consowded. 
[bid. 105 Pe cheke be constreyned and difficulte of mevynge. 
1sog Hawes Past. Pleas. x. iv, If apparaunce Of the cause 
..Be hard and difficulte in the utteraunce. 1651 Hoppers 
Leviath, wu. xxxvii. 233 The thing ..is strange, and the 
naturall cause difficult to imagine. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s Anc. 
Hist. (1827) VII. xvu. vii. 203 A river very difficult, as well 
in regard to its banks as to the marshes on the sides of it. 
1749 Fieipinc Jom Fones vu. vi, The real sentiments of 
ladies were very difficult to be understood. | 1793 SMEATON 
Edystone L. Ded. 4 A plain and simple building, that has 
nevertheless been acknowledged to be, in itself, curious, 
difficult, and useful. 1814 Worpsw. Excursion vy. 492 
Knowledge. .is difficult to gain. 1850 M‘Cosu Div. Govt. 
1. ii, (1874) 29 This is a difficult question to answer. 1860 
Tynpatt GZac. 1. viii. 58 In some places I found the crevasses 
difficult. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 89 Markets are 
so difficult of access. z 

ce. Hard to understand; perplexing, puzzling, 

obscure. 
_ 1556 Aurelio §& Isab, (1608) G vj, If youre difficulte speak- 
inge overcome me. 1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. 46 The 
difficultest things in their Authours. 1661 BoyLe Style of 
Script. (1668) 53 Leaving out all such difficulter matters. 
1858 BuckLe C7véliz. (1869) II. v. 217 Butler, one of the 
most difficult of our poets. 1885 Biste (R.V.) Yer. xxxiii. 3 
Great things, and difficult, which thou knowest not. 

2. Of persons. arch. a. Hard to please or satisfy; 
not easy to get on with; unaccommodating, exact- 
ing, fastidious. A : 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xii. (Arb.) 44 To make him 
ambitious of honour, iealous and difficult in his worships. 
1663 Heatu Flagellum or O. Cr id (ed. 2) 7 Being in 
his own nature of a difficult disposition. .and one that would 
have due di es Ol ds him. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s 
Anc. Hist. (1827) 111. 32 Children were ee accustomed 
not to be nice or difficult in their eating. 1773 Gotpsm. 
Stoops to Cong.t. i, VN... look out for some less difficult 
admirer, 1855 THackeray Wezwcomes 11. 87 My temper is 
difficult. 1889 Lowett Walton Lit. Ess. (1891)81 He [Cotton] 
also wrote verses which the difficult Wordsworth could praise. 

b. Hard to induce or persuade; unwilling, re- 
luctant, obstinate, stubborn. 

@ soz in Arnolde Chron, (1811) 81 That such persones 
which were difficulte [printed difficultie] ageynst the sayd 
ordre be callid afore my Lorde Mayr and Aldirmen to 
reformed bi their wise exortacions. ¢1645 Howe. Lett. 1, 
vi. 8, I attended him also with the Note of your Extra- 


DIFFICULTY. 


ordinaries, wherein I find him something difficult and dila- 
tory yet. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1701) 56 In particular I am 
difficult to believe, that [etc.]. 1749 Fie-pinc 7om Yones 
xiv. ii. Lady Bellaston will be as difficult to believe any 
thing against one who [etc.]. 1891 L. Keiru 7he Halletts 
1. xiii. 248 Sir Robert had been rather a difficult husband— 
that is to say, he had occasionally taken his own way. 


+ Difficult, 56. Obs. rare. [f. Dirricurt a.] 
Difficulty. ; 

1709 tr. Sir F. Spelman's Alfred Gt. 95 What Difficult 
Elfred had to recover the Land. /d7d. 118 dts, 120. 

Difficult, 7. Now /oca/. [a. obs. F. défficulter 
to make difficult, f. med.L. d¢fficultare, f. difficultas 
difficulty : see DirricuLTate, DIFFICILITATE. ] 

+1. ¢rans. To render difficult, impede (an action, 

ctc.). The opposite of Zo factitate. Obs. 
@ 1608[see Dirricuttinc below]. 1678 Tempe Let. fo Ld. 
Treasurer’ Wks, 1731 11. 506 ‘Those which intended to 
difficult or delay the Ratification with France. @ 1698 /é7d. 
Il, 484 (L.\, Having desisted from their pretensions, which 
had difficulted the peace. 1818 Topp s.v. Dificultate, ‘The 
late lord chancellor Thurlow was fond of using the verb 
dificult; as, he difficulted the matter; but he was pro- 
nounced unjustifiable in this usage. , 2 

2. To put in a difficulty, bring into difficulties, 
perplex, embarrass (a person). Usually pass. (Se. 
and U.S.) 

1686 [see DirFicuttinc below]. 1713 Wopvrow Co77. (1843) 
1. 464, | would be difficulted to read the King of France ‘the 
most Christian king’ to my people. 1718 /é/d. 11. 410 How 
far the alterations. .may straiten and difficult some ministers 
who have formerly sworn the oath, 1782 J. Brown Address 
to Students (1858) 62 If you be difficulted how to act. 1813 
J. Battantyne in Lockhart Ballantyne-humbug Handled 
(1839) 29 This business has always been. .difficulted by all 
its capital... being lent the printing-office. 1845 Busu 
Resurrection 51 (Bartlett) We are not difficulted at all on 
the score of the relation which the new plant bears to the 
old. 1861 W. E. Aytoun AN. Siuclair 1. 155 The poor 
lads might be difficulted to find meal for their porridge. 

Hence Di‘fficulting v/. sd. and ffl. a. 

a@ 1608 Sir F. VERE Comm. 119 Lest .. [this] might give 
the enemy an alarm, to the difficulting of the enterprise. 
1686 Renwick Sevw. xviii. (1776) 212 There is not a case 
that can put Him to a non-plus or difficulting extremity. 

+ Di-fficultate, v. Obs. rare. [f. ppl. stem of 
med.L. difficult-are to render difficult, f. d¢fficelt-as 
difficulty.] ¢vavs. To make difficult: = prec. 1. 

r6xx Cotcr., Dificulter, to difficultate or difficilitate. 
1829 SourHEY Lett. (1856) 1V. 161 The circumstances which 
facilitated or difficultated (if I may make such a word for the 
nonce) the introduction of Christianity. 

Difficultly (di fikeltli), adv. [f Dirricutr a. 
+-Ly 2. Formerly very frequent in literary use; 
now rather avoided, and in speech rarely used; 
in sense 1, ‘with difficulty’ is usually substituted.] 

1. In a difficult manner, not easily, hardly ; with 


difficulty. 

1558 in Strype Amz. Ref. I. App. iv. 4 Ireland .. will be 
very difficultly stayed in their obedience. 1624 Scorr Vox 
Coeli 6 Our posterity will difficultly beleeue it. 1646 S. 
Botton Arraignm. Err. 47 Castles, and forts, and strong 
holds, they are hardly conquered, difficultly overcome. 
1654 H. L’EstranceE Chas. / (1655) 1 He..was_ none of the 
gracefullest of Orators, for his words came difficultly from 
him. ar Barrow Sevm. Wks. 1716 I. 5 A possession of 
trifles .. difficultly acquired and easily lost. 1685 BoyLr 
Leffects of Mot. vi. 66 The Mountain Carpathus. .said to be 
much more steep and difficultly accessible than any of the 
Alps. 1718 Pripeaux Connect. O. & N. 7. u. i. 
Gorgias difficultly escaping fled to Marisa, 1784 J. Keir 
Dict. Chem. 97 The vapours. .are very elastic, and difficultly 
condensable. @ 1843 SoutHEy Doctor ccxxi. (1862) 594 
Diseases .. difficultly distinguishable by their symptoms. 
1875 Ruskin ors Clavig. V. 37 No. 50 The difficultly recon- 
cileable merits of old times and new things. 1879 RuTLEY 
Study Rocks x. 87 Labradorite fuses readily .. anorthite is 
more difficultly fusible. 

b. In a way hard to understand ; obscurely. 

1881 Pertie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. u. (1586) 62 It is a thing 
as blame worthie to speake dissolutelie, as to speake diffi- 
cultlie. 1875 A. J. Swinpourne Picture Logic ix. 58 Things 
seem to me to be put so difficultly in books. : 

ce. To a difficult degree; so as to be difficult of 
access, passage, etc. 

1872 C. Kine Mountain. Sierra Nev. iv. 88 We found the 
ice-angle difficultly steep; but made our way successfully 
along its edge. oa ‘ fet 

d. In a difficult position ; in a condition of em- 
barrassment. (Cf. DIFFICULTY 2 c.) 

1886 P. O. Hurcuinson Diary 7. Hutchinson I. 430 
These unfortunate people were very difficultly placed. 

+2. Unwillingly, reluctantly. Ods. 

1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. u.(Arb.) 99, I knowe howe 
difficultlie and hardelye I meselfe would haue beleued. 1614 
LopceE Seneca 2 Hath .. either .. denied, or promised but 
difficultly .. with strained and reproachful words. 1677 
Otway Cheats of Scapin u. i, How easily a miser swallows 
a load, and how difficultly he disgorges a grain. 

+Di-fficultness. Oés. rare. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being difficult ; difficulty. 

1560 P. Wuirenorne tr. Macchiavelli’s Arte of Warre 
(1573) 70 b Such difficultnesse is necessarie. 1580 FRAMPTON 
Dial. Yron § Steele 170 It toke away the difficultnesse of 
the swallowing downe. 1644 Dicsy 7wo 7 reatises (1645) 
u. 77 The difficultnesse of this subject..would not allow us 
that liberty. : ; 

Difficulty (difikzlti). Also 4-6 dyff-, -te, 5-6 
-tee, -tye, 0-7 -tie. [ad. L. difficultds, -tatem 
(f. dif-, Dis- + facultas Facuury), perh. immed. 
through OF. or AF. difficulté. : 


DIFFICULTY. 


In OF, the word is as yet recorded only of rsthe. ; it 
have been in earlier use apr yee m9 5 rad the Engligh stows 4 
which was common before 1 may have been formed 
directly from L., on the type of the many existing words in 


té ing to L. words in -fas, e.g. powreté, pureté.) 


1. The quality, fact, or condition of being diffi- | 


cult; the character of an action that requires labour 
or effort ; hardness to be accomplished ; the oppo- 
site of ease or facility. 

1382 Wycuir Num. xx. 19 No difficulte shal be in the 


prijs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. ii. (1495) 409 YE 
..the Egle hath thre LS a she throwyth oute one f her 
neste for dyffyculte of fedyng. c14g0 St. Cuthbert Surtees) 


109 ie sonn with grete difficulte Gart his fader monke 
to be, 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 786 He 
speedily without any difficultie .. brought the matter to a 
good conclusion. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 11. 449 Ifaught..in the 
shape Of difficulty or danger could deterre Me. 1719 De 
For Crusoe (1840) I. viii. 139, 1 had no great difficulty to cut 
itdown. 1759 Rosertson //ist. Scot. 1. 11. 134 Nor was this 
reconcilement a matter of difficulty. 1 Junius Lett. xii. 


208, I have been deterred by the difficulty of the task. 1797 - 
he walked with difficulty. 1860 


Mrs. Rancutrre /talian i, 

Tynpatt Glac. 11. x. 283 ‘The difficulty of thus directing a 

chain over crevasses and ridges. 1875 Jowett P/a/o (ed. 2) 

I. 261 Socrates has no difficulty in showing that virtue is a 
‘ood 


£4 . 

b. Said of the object of an action (the nature of 
which is contextually implied: cf. Dirricu.tr 
a. 1b). 

1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 103 The Length and Diffi- 
culty of the Bay. Mod. The steepness and difficulty of the 
direct path. A route of considerable difficulty. 

e. The quality of being hard to understand ; 
perplexing character, obscurity. 

1529 More Supflic. ag 4 Wks. 321/1 Because that of 
the difficultie of his (St. Paul's) writing thei catch some- 
time some matter of contencion. 1644 Mitton Educ. Wks. 
(1847) 100/1 If the language be difficult. .it is not a difficulty 
above their years. 1860 Farrar Orig. Lang. i. 21 The diffi- 
culty and obscurity of the phrase. 

2. with a and f/. A particular instance of this 
quality ; that which is difficult. a. A thing hard 
to do or overcome ; a hindrance to action. 

a1619 DaniEL Funeral Poem (R.), Nor how by mastering 
difficulties so.. He bravely came to disappoint his foe. 
a@1716 Soutn (J.!, They mistake difficulties for impossi- 
bilities. 1775 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 53, I see, indeed, 
many, many difficulties in the way. 1856 Froupe ///st. 
Eng. (1858) I. ii. 130 As difficulties gathered round him, he 
encountered them with the increasing magnificence of his 
schemes. 1880 Geikie Phys. Geog. iv. 232 A difficulty may 
sometimes be felt in understanding how [etc.]. 1893 Wests. 
Gaz. 13 Feb. 1/2 To parade difficulties is the delight of the 
pedant; to grapple with them is the task of the statesman. 
Mod. Vhe children, I admit, are a difficulty. 

b. Something hard to understand; a perplexing 
or obscure point or question. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Friar’s T. Prol. 8 Ye han her touchid .. 
In scole matier gret difficulte. a1go0o Chester P/. (1892) 
118 Discussing this difficulty. 1§77 tr. Buddinger’s Decades 
(1592) 29 There is no cause for anye man by reason of a 
few difficulties, to dispaire to attaine to the true vnder- 
standinge of the Scriptures. R. L'Estrance Fables 
No. 494 (1708) I. 540 When People have been Beating their 
Brains about a Difficulty, and find they can make Nothing 
on't. 1770 Beattie Ess. Truth u.i. § 1 (R.), Let us see, 
then, whetne .. we can make any discovery preparatory to 
the solution of this difficulty. @ 1843 ] H. Newman /ar. 
Serm., Chr. Myst. (1868) 1. 211 Difficulties in revelation are 
especially given to prove the reality of our faith. 

ec. An embarrassment of affairs; a condition in 
which action, co-operation, or progress is difficult ; 
a trouble; often spec. a pecuniary embarrassment. 
(Usually in 7.) 

1705 Avpison /taly (J.\, They lie under some difficulties, 
by reason of the emperour’s displeasure, who has forbidden 
their manufactures. a 2735 Burnet Own Times 1. 346 The 
king was under no difficulties by anythirig they had done. 
1831 Fr. A. Kemsre ¥rv/. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) II. 68 
Mr Brunton. is in ‘difficulties’ (civilized plural for debt). 
1861 Smites Engineers Il. 142 A serious difficulty occurred 
between him and his wife on this ver int, which ended 
in a separation, 1885 Law Times LRXIX. 173/2 In Dec, 
1867 the company fell into difficulties, 1886 7% Cat xix. 
254 Come to me if you .. are in any difficulty or trouble. 

3. Reluctance, unwillingness (see Dirricuir a. 
2b); demur, objection. Ods. exc. in phr. fo make 
a difficulty or difficulties, now associated with 
2a; formerly +/o0 make difficulty, i.e. to show 


reluctance. 


1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 795 The Protector | 


_ reat difficultie to come to them. 1548 Hatt Chron., 
en. 
~ or difficultee. @1608 Sir F. Vere Comm. 119 Her Majesty... 


with some difficulty (as her manner was) granted the men to 


belevied. 1687 T. Smrrn in Magd. Coll,\Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 18 | 


Hee making severall difficult 1769 Ronertson Chas. V 
Il. vi. 95 This she granted with some difficulty, 1769 
Gotpsmitn Rom, Hist. (a706) II. 355 Apollonius, .made no 
difficulty of comin; leg reece to Rome. eg Seren 
Moab xiii. 239 y .. never made any difficulties or 
demands. 

Diffidation (difid#fon). Hist. Znstit. [ad. 
med.L, a oa Cange), n. of action 
from med.L. diffidére to distrust, f. dif, Dis- 
+*-fidare to trust, keep faith: see Dery v.!] The 
undoing of relations of faith, allegiance, or amity ; 
declaration of hostilities; =DxFIANCE 1. 

173% Cuanpter tr. Limborch's Hist. Inquis. 11. 24 Difti- 
dation declares Hereticks to be ies of their Country 


,70b, To obeye us without opposicion, contradiccion _ 


and the Empire. . When any one is declared an Heretick by | 


344 


the Sentence of the Judge, any Man .. seize, plunder, 
and kill him. 1807 oat Hist. Ho, Austria (Bohn) I. xxx. 
454 They sent a .. letter of diffidation, in which they re- 
nounced their allegiance. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872) 
IL. 58 The y of diffidation, or sol defi of 
an enemy. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1. 81, The 
evils attendant on the right of diffidation or private warfare 
(Fehderecht). 1857 Sir F. Pavcrave Norm. & Eng. oe & 
27 According to modern pri ipl Subject’s allegi 

is indefeasible..but the pri islation of the T: 
permitted to the vassal ., the right of diffidation—he might 
undo his faith. - 

Diffide (difoid), v. Now rare. [f. L. diffidtre 
to distrust, be distrustful, f. dj, Dis- + fidée to 
trust. Cf. DEry v.1 sense i.) intr. To want faith 
or confidence ; to have or feel distrust ; 40 diffide in 
(tof), to distrust. (The opposite of confide.) 

I Bonner Le?. in Burnet //ist. Re/. 1. 180, I diffided 
in the justness of the matter. cr Linpesay (Pitscottie) 
Chron. Scot. (1728) 55 Never diffiding of good fortune. 1606 
J. Hynp Eliosto Libidinoso 30, 1..wish thee not to diffide. 
1624 Fisner in F, White Ref/. Fisher 115 Not to seeme to 
diffide . .of your Maiesties iudgement. 1697 Drypen incid 
x1, 636 If in your arms thus early you diffide. a 1806 
C.J. Fox Reign Yames 11. (1808) 32 
remote .. wise men generally diffide in their own judgment. 
mre J. Donovan Catech. Council of Trent (1855) 517 And 
diffiding entirely in ourselves, we shall seek refuge .. in 
R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. i. 
We 


may 


Lewid 
11 


the mercy of God. 

7.We speak not now of certain affirmed calculations. 

diffide in them. - 
+b. with clause. Obs. 

1647 H. More Cupid's Conflict \xxvii, To. .diffide Whether 
our reasons eye be clear enough. @1713 Ettwoop Axto- 
biog. (1885) 257 Which of us can now diffide That God will 
us defend? 

+e. trans. To distrust, doubt. Oés. 

1678 R. Barctay Afol. Quakers ii. § 14.62 So would I 
not have any reject or diffide the Certainty of that Unerring 
Spirit. 1678 Cupwortu /ntel/. Syst. 779 Alwaies fluctu- 
ating about them [Incorporeals] and diffiding them, 
Horneck Crucif. Yesus xxii. 658 How basely hast thou 
diffided this providence ! 

Hence Diffi'ding vé/. sh., distrusting. 

1657 G. Starkey /Helmont’s Vind. 149 It is a great diffiding 
in God's mercy. 

+ Diffidelity. 00s. rare—'. [f. dif-, Dis- + 
Five ry, after zufidelity.] Disbelief, unbelief. 

1659 Futter Aff. /nj. Innoc. 1. 61 Parcel-Diffidelity in 
matters of such nature, I am sure is no sin. 

Diffidence (di‘fidéns). [ad. L. diffidentia 
want of confidence, mistrust, distrust, f. diffident- 
em, pr. pple. of diffid-cre to distrust : see DIFFIDE 
and -ENCE. Cf. obs. F. diffidence, -ance, 16-1 7th 
c. in Godef.] (The opposite of CONFIDENCE.) 

1. Want of confidence or faith ; mistrust, distrust, 
misgiving, doubt. Now rare or Obs. 

1 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 94 Bycause we put 
diffedence or mistrust in God. 1548 Hat Chron., Edw. 1V, 
208 b, King Edward beyng..in diffidence of reysyng any 
army .. departed. 1595 Suaks. ¥ohn 1. i. 65 Thou dost 
shame thy mother, And wound her honor with this diffi- 
dence. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 684 Away with 
these weake diffidences. 1614 T. Jackson Comment, Creede 


i. 251 Distrust or diffidence to Gods promises. 1641 J. 
Suute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 33 Diffidence in the promise 
of God. 1 Mitton Lzkon. xii. (1851) 436 Hee had 


brought the Parlament into so just a diffidence of him, 
as that they durst not leave the Public Armes at his 
disposal. 1712 Pore Let. to Steele 15 July, Sickness .. 
teaches us a diffidence in our earthly state. 1741 RicHarp- 
son Pamela (1742) 1V. 271 Since that Time, ve alwa: 
had some Diffidences about her. 1818 Jas. Mint A77t. 
India Il. vy. v. 549 A diffidence..of his judgment or his 
virtue, 1823 Lincarp //ist. Eng. VI. 65 His former refusal 
.. proceeded .. from diffidence in the sincerity of his ally. 
1838 Emerson Addr., Lit. Ethics Wks. (Bohn) II, 206 The 
diffidence of mankind in the soul has crept over the American 
mind. 


2. Distrust of oneself; want of confidence in one’s 
own ability, worth, or fitness; modesty, shyness of 
disposition. 


(165 Hosses Leviath. 1. vi. 25 Constant Des , Diffi- 
dence of our selves. @ 1683 Sipney Disc. Govt. iti. § 40 (1704) 
394 Every one ought to enter into a just diffidence of him- 


self.) 1709 Pore “ss. Crit. 567 Speak, tho’ sure, with seem- 
ing didfdence. 1798 Ferriar Tihast : Sterne i, 12 The diffi- 
of Erasmus prevented him from assuming that title. 


dence 
x Macautay Ess., W. Hastings (1854) 646/1 With great 
diffidence, we give it as our opinion, 1 TROLLoPE 


Orley F. xxxii. (ed. 4) 229 She had aid aside whatever 
diffidence may have afflicted her earlier years, and now was 
able to speak out her mind, 


+ Diffidency. 0s. [f. as prec.: see -ENCY.] 
= DIrFIpENce; distrust, mistrust. 

Prange gag ne gens gee vey, To ag 

t 10us 8. 
oy Wecutmar Ph. Dealer 1. i, He has the courage of 
men in despair, yet the di and caution of Cowards. 
1694 F. Brace Disc. Paradles xiii. 450 He .. prays with 
great diffidency, and distrust of prevailing. apa Ricuano- 
son Clarissa (1811) III. i. oe diffidencies, like night-fogs 
before the sun, disperse at her approach, 

Diffident (<i-fidént), a. [ad. L. diffident-em, 
pr. pple. of diffidére to mistrust ; see Dirripg, and 
-ENT. (The opposite of CONFIDENT.)] 

1. Wanting confidence or trust (2) ; distrustful, 
;: ef mistrustful, diffident, a 1618 

Di \ 
Pe Mahomet (63207 In the pores of his people 
he was somewhat diffident. @1631 Donne Serm. xii. 114 
A fainting and a diffident Spirit. 1667 Micron P, L. 


ith regard to facts | 


EM ag Nate 2 sponge _ 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets v. 141 
are not are 
fr pete 29 musicians, 


2. Wanting in self-confidence ; distrustful of one- 
self; not confident in disposition ; 


Sect Be ee a ig 
ride 1. ii. 42 She little knew that t tly di t 
young man pa the life and soul of his mess, y 

ently (di-fidéntli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a diffident manner, with distrust or self-distrust. 

(?)1613 State Trials, C' tess of Essex (1816) 11. 831 He found 
it to be uncertainly and diffidently set down. 1730-6 Baitey 
(folio), MAA Se Be mg He eg poe E 1741 Ricnarp- 
son Pamela (1742) LI. 169, I ed, I suppose, 4 little diffi- 
dently. x unesee Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 46 Don’t creep about diffidently ; make up your mind. 

+ Di-fiden ess. Obs. rare—°. [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] = DIrFIDENCE. 

in Baitey vol. II. 1775 in Asn. 
e, obs. form of Dery. 

+ Diffi'nd, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. diffind-tre 
to cleave asunder, f. di/-, Dis- + findére to cleave.] 

1727 apaet vol. II, To Diffind, to cut or cleave asunder. 
rT in SH. 

ne, -ition, etc., obs. ff. DEFINE, etc. 

+ Diffinish, -isse, v. Ols.: see DEFINISH. 

+ Diffi'ssion. Os. rare. [ad. L. — 
em, n. of action f. diffindére to cleave asunder.] 

I Baitey vol. II, Difission, a cleaving asunder, 

“xed, pa. pple. Obs. rare—°, [f. dif-, 
Dis- + L. fixus, FIXep.] 
1727 Baitey vol. II, Diffixed, loosened, unfastened. 
+ ‘te,v. Obs. [f. L. difiat- ppl. stem of dif- 
Jlareto blow apart, disperse by blowing, f.dz/-, Dis- 
+flare to blow.] trans. To blow apart or away. 

1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 311 Thereby..vaporous 
and rheumatick superfluities are discussed and difflated. 

+ Diffla'tion. Ods. [n. of action f. L. diflare, 
difflat-: see prec. Cf. obs. F. difflation Cotgr.] 
Blowing asunder, or dispersing by blowing. 

-— Skryne The Pest (1860) 18 Purgation is perfitit .. be 
.. fasting, and difflatioun. Newton Health Mag. 76 
Convenient refrigeration and difflation of 1620 
Venner Via Recta (1650) 301 Hindering the aifflation and 
dissipation of vaporous fumes. 

b. In early Chemistry : see quot. 1706. 

1662 J. Cuanpter Van Helmont’s Oriat.247 A substance 
scarce capable of diflation or blowing away. 1706 Paittirs 
(ed. Kersey) Diffation ..a Term usd by some Chymists, 
when Spirits raised by heat, are blown with a kind of Bel- 
lows, into the opposite Camera or Arch of the Furnace, and 
there found congealed. 1763 W. Lewis Commerc. Phil. 
Techn, 211 Difflation of the antimonial metal. 

Diffloryssh, var. of DerLourisn v. Obs. 

Diffluan (diflwen). Also difiuan. . Chem. 

mod.f.L. diflu-cre to flow away, dissolve + -\N 

. 2.] Achemical compound, obtained, as a loose 
white very soluble powder of bitter saline taste, by 
the action of heat on a solution of alloxanic acid. 

1847 Turner's Elem, Chem. (ed. 8) 787 Difluan, this~ 
compound is found in the liquid which has ited the 
leucoturic acid. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. I. 138 s. v. 
gee agent gle yo 

lecom) y ing, car! an! ing abun- 
dantly evolved, and two new bodies formed, one of which.. 
difluan, remains in solution, but may be precipitated by 
alcohol. /é#d. II. 322 Diffluan, : k 

Diffluence (di‘fivéns). [f. Drrrivenz, or its 
L. source; see -ENoR. Cf, mod.F. diffluence.] 

1. The action or fact of flowing apart or abroad ; 
dispersion by flowing. Also fig. 

2033 FLeTcner io b hy a! Their beg earn 
t with lavish difflu ‘as none, or in 
langer spent wi ence, bath if 


time of — exigence. Biount 
ence, a looseness, a flowing 


or abroad. 1816 G. 
Faner Orig. Pagan Idol. a 4 Such a confluence and dif- 
fae eae cs 
lens dilvanes of motion that goes by that name [dancing]. 

2. Dissolution into a liquid state; del ce ; 
~ in Biol, the peculiar mode of dissolution or 

isintegration of Infusoria, called by Dujardin 
‘molecular effusion’, 

1847-9 Topp ee Anat. IV. 712/1 Softening may vary 


from simple fla! eas to 8 state appuoaching. ¢ uence. 
1861 J. R. Gi Man. Anim, Kingd., Calent. 52 Such 
dt Secs cooaicuy: Naccen Canabed the 
method denominated ‘ diffluence *. 


+ Diffluency. . [f. as prec. : see 
-ENCY.] Diffluent condition ; ‘ity of flowing 
out in at ne. rr rei 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. 11. i. 50 Ice is only water 

by the frigidity of the it acquireth 
peg ony aha. but poral haat ie bl or determination of 
its diffluency. es 


DIFFLUENT. 


Diffluent (di flwént), a. [ad. L. difluent-em, 
pr. pple. of azfu-ére to flow apart or away, f. dif, 
Dis- 1 + fluére to flow. Cf. mod.F. difiuent.] 
Characterized by flowing apart or abroad; fluid; 
deliquescent. Also fig. 

a1618 Sytvester Vobacco Battered 626 Yet over-moist 
{Brain}, againe Makes it [Memory] so laxe, so diffluent and 
thin, That nothing can be firmly fixt there-in. 1642 ANNE 
Brapstreet Poems (1678) 33 What’s diffluent I do consoli- 
date. 1647 Trape Comm, Luke xvii.8 A loose, discinct, and 
diffluent mind is unfit to serve God, 18x W. Taytor in 
Monthly Rev. UXV. 228 Speech is confluent, rather than 
diffluent. 1851-9 Owen in A/Zan, Sc. Eng. 365 Their soft 
organic substance is commonly diffluent. 1880 Gray in Nat. 
Sc. & Relig. 14 A formless, apparently diffluent and struc- 
tureless mass. 

+ Diffluous, @. Obs. rare—°. 
flowing asunder, overflowing (f. d¢/lu-cvre: see Dir- 
FLUENT) + -0US.] = DIFFLUENT. 

1727 Battey vol. II, Diffuous, flowing forth, abroad or 
several Ways. | c 

+ Difflu‘xive, a. Ods. rare—'. [f. L. diflux- 
ppl. stem of diffludére (see DIFFLUENT) + -IVE.] 

hat flows in different or all directions. 

1653 H. More Antid. Ath, i. ix. (1712) 166 What the 
Wind, join’d with no statick power but loose and diffluxive, 
can do in shaking houses. 


+ Diffo'de, v. Obs. rare. [ad. med.L. diffod-ére 
(Joannes de Janua Cathol.) to dig out, f. L. dif, 
Dis- 1 + fodére to dig. (Thence OF. desfoucr, dé- 
foutr to dig out.)] trans. To dig out, excavate. 

1657 TomLinson Renon’s Disp. gt When a ditch is diffoded 
in the earth. 1657 Physical Dict., Diffoded, digged, as a 
hole or ditch is digged in the earth, 

+ Difform (diff1m), a. Ods. Also 6 dyfforme. 
ee med. or mod.L. dform-is dissimilar in form, 

. af-, Dis- 4) + forma shape.] 

1, Of diverse forms ; differing in form. 

1547 Recorpe Fudic. Ur. 14b, The dyfforme facyon of 
the urinall. 1548 — Urin. Physick ix. (1651) 68 Other 
difform contents there be also. 1660 Bovte New Exp. 
Phys. Mech, xxxvi. 300 The dif-form consistence .. of the 
Air at several distances from us. 1672 Newton in PAil. 
Trans. V1. 5087 A confused Mixture of difform qualities. 
1677 GaLeE Crt, Gentiles 1v. 38 The pleasures of the multi- 
tude are difforme and repugnant to each other. 

2. Without symmetry or regularity of parts; not 
uniform ; of irregular form. 

1644 Dicey Nat. Bodies 1. xvii. (1658) 193 What a difform 
net with a strange variety of mashes wou'd this be? 1693 
Phil, Trans. XVI. 929 A difform or Papilionaceous 
Flower. 1707 S. Crarke 37d § 4th Defence (1712) 7 If the 
Parts be dissimilar, then the Substance is difform or Hetero- 
geneous. 1845 Whitehall iv. 19 A huge difform mass of 
steel and adamant. 

+ Difform, v. Ods. rare. Also 5 defourme. 
{a. OF. difformer (16th c.in Godef.), or ad. med.L. 
difformare, f. med.L. difformis : see prec.] trans. 
To bring out of conformity or agreement: the op- 
posite of CONFORM Z. 2. 

¢1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel. Wks, II. 150 Hereinne shulde 
ech man sue Crist. .and 3if he be contrarie herto, he synnep, 
difformed [v.7. defourmyd] fro Cristis wille. 

Difform(e, -ourme, etc., obs. ff. DrForM, etc. 


+ Difformed, 7//. a. Obs. rare. [f. as Dir- 
FORM @.+-ED.] Diversely or irregularly shaped. 

1665 Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 145 Tumuli were. .set about 
. with petty and difformed Blocks of broken Craggs. 

+ Difformity (diffmiti), Ods. [a. F. diffor- 
mité (1520 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. déformetas, 
f. difformis differing in form: see DIFFoRM a.] 

1. Difference or diversity of form; want of uni- 


formity between things. 

isz0 Patscr. /ntrod. 18 To avoyde all maner difformyte. 
1580 Hottypanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Absurdité, difformitie, 
vnlikenesse. ¢ 1630 Jackson Creed w. u, v. Wks. III. 273 
This difformity was most apparent in their works .. for 
destitute of all good works most of them were not, but only 
of uniformity in working. 1646 Jer. Taytor /xtem/p. 
Prayer (T.), There must [thus] needs be infinite difformity 
in the publick worship. 1748 Hartitey Odserv. Max I. 1. 
17 The Difformity of Seaton 1857 Wess /xfellectualism 

ocke vii. 126 Locke .. resolves all knowledge into a per- 
er of the ‘conformity’ or ‘difformity’ of Ideas. 

. Divergence in form from, want of conformity 
with or to (a standard). 

1565 T. Stapteton Forty. Faith 138b (T.), In respect of 
uniformity with the primitive church, as of difformity. 1640 
P. pu Moutin Leét. Fr. Prot. to Scotchm. Covt. 4 Among 
all the reformed Churches .. there is neither deformity nor 
difformity in that point. 164 Maisterton Sevm. 7 To 
judge of their conformity or difformity thereunto, 1646 Sir 

. Browne Pseud, Ep, 1. xi. 48 They. .doe tacitely desire 
in them a difformitie from the primitive rule. 1677 GALE 
Crt. Gentiles 1. 45 In their conformitie to .. or difformitie 
from. .the ect measure of morals. 

+ Difforrmness. Ods. rare. 
-NESS.] =prec. 

1548 Recorpve Urin. Physick xi. re The difformenes [ed. 
ee and disagreing of the partes of it together. 

ifforse, obs. f. DEFORCE v. (sense 4). 

€1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Theodera 569 Theodorus .. Our 
childe difforsit & it [pe barne] gat. 

Diffoule, diffowl, var. Drroun Ods. 

Diffound, obs. form of Dirrunp. 

Diffra‘ct, a. Bot. [ad. L. diffract-us broken in 
pieces: see next.] Of lichens: ‘Broken into areolx 
with distinct interspaces.’ Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883. 


Vot, III, 


[f Drrrorm a. + 


[f. L. dflu-us | 


845 


Diffract (difre kt), v. [f. L. diffract-, ppl. 
stem of a¢ffring-ére to break in pieces, shatter, f. 
dif-, Dis- 1 + frangére to break.] trans. To 
break in pieces, break up; in Oftzcs, To deflect 
und break up (a beam of light) at the edge of an 
opaque body or through a narrow aperture or slit; 
to affect with Dirrraction. Also fig. 

1803 Younc in Phil. Trans. XCIV. 2 These fringes were 
the joint effects of the portions of light passing on each side 
of the slip of card, anid infected: or rather diffracted, into 
the shadow. 1839 Cartye Chartism i. (1858) 7 It is .. for 
some obscure distorted image of right that he contends; 
an obscure image diffracted, exaggerated, in the wonder- 
fullest way. ; 

Hence Diffra‘cted, Diffracting Ap/. adjs. 

1849 H. RoGers £ss. (1860) III. 222 The diffracted ap- 
pearance of various parts. 1873 ‘T'yNpALL Lect. Light ii. 92 
The diffracting particles were becoming smaller. 1876 J. 
Martineau Hours Th. (1877) 292 The devout [mind] ascends 
beyond all diffracted or intercepted rays to the primal light 
that flings them. 

Diffraction (difree-kfan). [ad. mod.L. difrac- 
tion-em (Grimaldi 1665), n. of action from azffrin- 
gore: see prec. So F. diffraction 1666 in Hatz.- 
Darm.]  ~ 

1. Optics. The breaking up of a beam of light 
(in the case of monochromatic light) into a series 
of light and dark spaces or bands, or (in that of 
white or other composite light) of coloured spectra, 
due to interference of the rays when deflected from 
their straight course at the edge of an opaque body 
or through a narrow aperture or slit. 

(These phenomena were formerly denoted by the name 
INFLEXION; cf. also DEFLEXION 5.) 

1671 Phil. Trans. V1. 3068 Light is propagated .. also by 
diffraction..when the parts of Light, separated by a mani- 
fold dissection, do in the same medium proceed in different 
ways. 1803 Youna'/éid. XCIV. 13 The observations on the 
effects of diffraction and interference. 1830 HERSCHEL Stud. 


| 


Nat, Phil. m1, ii. (1838) 252 The diffraction or inflection of | 


light, discovered by Grimaldi,a Jesuit of Bologna. 1855 H. 
Spencer Princ, Psych. (1872) II. vi. xi. 138 Only on the 
theory of undulations can .. diffraction be accounted for. 
1860 T'yNDALL Glac. 1. xxii. 154 All the hues produced by 
diffraction were exhibited in the utmost splendour. 1878 
J. D. STEELE Physics 126 If we hold a small needle close 
to one eye and look toward the sun we see several needles. 
This is caused by diffraction. 

b. Acoustics, An analogous phenomenon occur- 
ring in the case of sound-waves passing round the 
corner of a large body, as a house. 

2. In etymol. sense: Breaking in pieces, break- 
age, monce-use. 

1825 CoLERIDGE Aids Ref. (1848) I. 286 There being. .no 
facts in proof of the contrary, that would not prove equally 
well the cessation of the eye on the removal or diffraction 
of the eye-glass. 

3. attrib, (in sense 1), as diffraction band, fringe, 
spectrum, etc.; diffraction grating, a plate of 
glass or polished metal ruled with very close equi- 
distant parallel lines, producing a spectrum by dif- 
fraction of the transmitted or reflected light. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chet. 111. 608 Barton’s buttons, which 
are metallic buttons having very fine lines engraved on their 
surfaces .. exhibit magnificent diffraction spectra. 1867 G. 
F. Cuampers A stron. x. iii.(1877) 847 A diffraction grating. 
1868 Lockyer Guillemin's Heavens (ed. 3) 496 Observing the 
image of a large star out of focus. If..the diffraction rings 
are not circular, the screws of the cell should be carefully 
loosened [etc.] 1873 Tynpat Lect, Light ii. 91 The street- 
lamps .. looked at through the meshes of a handkerchief, 
show diffraction Tatars 1890 C. A. Younc Elem. 
Astron. vi. § 193 ‘The essential part of the apparatus [spec- 
troscope] is either a prism or train of prisms, or else a 
diffraction ‘ grating’. 

Diffractive (difrektiv), @ [f. L. diffract- 
ppl. stem (see Drrrract v.) + -IvE. In mod.F. 
atffractzf, -ive.] Tending to diffract. 

1829 Cartyte Misc., Voltaire (1872) II, 120 Through what- 
— dim, besmoked and strangely diffractive media it may 
shine. 

Hence Diffra‘ctively adv., 
manner; by diffraction. 

1883 W. B. Carpenter in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 268/2 s.v. 
Microscope, A marked distinction between .. objectives of 
low or moderate power .. worked dioptrically, and those of 
high power. . worked diffractively. 

[Diffranchise, -ment, erron. f. DISFRANCHISE, 
-MENT. See List of Spurious Words.] 

Diffrangible (difreendgib’'l), a. rare—%. [f. 
L. diffring-cre, changed to diffrang-cre + -BLE.] 
Capable of being diffracted. Hence Diffrangi- 
bility, capacity of being diffracted. 

1882 C. A. YounG Sw iii. 98 The refrangibility of a ray and 
its diffrangibility, if we may coin the eee: both depend upon 
the number of pulsations per second with which it reaches 
the diffracting or refracting surface. 

+ Diffu'de, v. Ods. rare. [irreg. f. L. diffund- 
ére (perf. diffiidi) to pour forth: see Dirruse.] 

1. trans. To pour away. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bh. Physicke 61/2 Diffude .. 
that wyne & take other. 

2. trans. and intr. = DIFFUSE 7. I. 

Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 125 The clouds .. sometimes 
e, and. .diffude to some purpose. did. 343 The bene- 
volent heaven daily diffudes a gentle shower, 


in a diffractive 


DIFFUSE. 


3. trans. To dissolve, liquefy. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp. 74 Fatness, marrow. .which 
with little heat (are) diffuded. 

Diffugient (difizdziént), p47. a. rare—". [ad. 
L. diffugtent-em, pr. pple. of diffugére to flee in 
different directions, disperse, f. dz/-, Dis- 1 + fugere 
to flee.] Fleeing away, dispersing. 

1860 THackeray Round. Papers (1861) 102 To-morrow the 
diffugient snows will give place to Spring. 

+ Di-ffugous, a. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. def, dis- 
+ fug-us fleeing (in refugus, etc.) : cf. prec.] 

1727 Battey vol. II, Diffugous, that flieth divers Ways. 

+ Diffu'nd, v. Oss. Also 5-6 diffound(e.  [a. 
OF. diffond-re, -fundre (15th c. in Godef.) to shed, 
pour out, diffuse, ad. L. aiffundére, f. dif-, Dis- 1 
+fundére to pour.] trans. To pour out or abroad, 
to diffuse. 

1447 BokENHAM Seyntys (Roxb.) 257 For the kynde of 
lyht ys.. That... It dyffoundyth the self wyth owte inquy- 
nacyoun., 1533 BELLENDEN Livy u. (1822) 156 It diffoundis 
the blude be quhilk we lief.. throw all the vanis. 1574 
J. Jones Nat, Beginning Grow. Things 8 \t is the mouinge 
of the harte diffunded or spreade by the arteries, 

Diffusable: see DirrusiBue. 

Diffusate (difiz zt). Chem. [f. Dirruse v. 
+ -aTE!.] The amount of salt diffused in a solu- 
tion; the crystalloid portion of a mixure which 
passes through the membrane in the process of 
chemical dialysis. 

1850 GraHam in Phil. Trans. CXL. 806 The diffusate 
or quantity of acid diffused was determined by precipitating 
the liquid, 1863-72 Watrs Dict, Chem. 111. 706 The amount 
of salt diffused, called the diffusion-product, or diffusate, is 
ascertained [etc.], 1867 J. ArrrieLp Chev. (1885) §11 The por- 
tion passing through the septum is termed the diffusate, the 
portion which does not pass through is termed the dialysate. 

Diffuse (difizs), a. Also 5-6 dyf-, 5-7 de-. 
[ad. L. aiffiis-us, pa. pple. of diffundére: see Dir- 
FunD. Cf. F. difftes, -use (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) 
perh, the immediate source ; also It. d¢ffuso.] 

I. +1. Confused, distracted, perplexed; indis- 
tinct, vague, obscure, doubtful, uncertain. Ods. 

[This sense (as if ‘poured forth in divers contrary direc- 
tions’), is not recorded in ancient L., but is found in all the 
Romanic langs.: thus, It. d7fuso, defused, confused, scat- 
tred (Florio), Sp. hs defused, out of order (Minsheu), 
obs. F. diffuse, dyffuse, harde to be understande (Palsgr. 
diffusément, disorderedly (Cotgr.).] 

@ 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 93 This matere is dyffuse 
and obscure. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) v. xiv. (1859) 82 
I haue nat translated worde for word..because of some 
thynges that were diffuse and in some place ouer derk. 1494 
Fasyan Chron. 213 Whan he had longe whyle lyen at the 
siege of a castel.. and sawe it was defuse to wynne by 
strength. /d¢d. vil. ccxxvili. 257 The pope gaue such a de- 
fuse sentence in this mater yt he lyfte y° stryfe vndeter- 
myned. axs529 SKELTON P. Sfarrowe 806 It is dyf- 
fuse to fynde The sentence of his mynde. ¢1560 D/al. 
Secretary & Jealousy iii. (Collier), A mater to me doubtfull 
and diffuse. 1572 BossEWELL Armorie 1. 55 The hounde.. 
hath mind of diffuse and longe waies: so that if they loose 
their masters, they goe by furre space of Lands .. to theire 
maisters houses againe. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. 
xv. xlii. 393 Their strange names, their diffuse phrases. 
1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits xi. (1596) 159 Men 
. feeble memory. .retaine a certaine diffuse notice of things. 
1602 — Cornwall 74 b, The hurling to the Countrey, is more 
diffuse and confuse, as bound to few of these orders. 

II. 2. Spread out in space; spread through or 
over a wide area ; widespread, scattered, dispersed : 
the reverse of confined or concentrated. 

arr Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 319 Our 
Empire o’re the Universe diffuse. 1737 WHISTON Yosephis 
Hist, m. x. § 7 [The water is] cooler than one would expect 
in so diffuse a place as this. 1759 JoHNsoN in Boswell’s 
Life note, The pomp of wide margin and diffuse typo- 
graphy. a Brewster Oftics xiv. 119 Diffuse masses of 
nebulous light. 1871 Tynpati Fragwz. Sc. (1879) I. y. 131 
Floating matter. .invisible in diffuse daylight. 1872 Huxtey 
Phys, viii. 188 They are not only diffuse, but they are sub- 
jective sensations. — ; : 

+b. fig. Having a wide range, extensive. Ods. 

1643 Mitton Divorce To Parl. Eng., Men.. of eminent 
spirit and breeding, joined with a diffuse and various 
knowledge of divine and human things. z 

ec. Bot. ‘Applied to panicles and stems which 
spread and branch indeterminately, but chiefly 
horizontally’ (Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883). 

1775 H. Rose Elem. Bot.71 A panicle is said to be diffuse 
when the partial footstalks diverge. 1861 Miss Pratt 
Flower. Pl. IV. 132 Diffuse Toad-flax. 1870 Hooker Stud, 
Flora 18 Fumaria officinalis. .diffuse. j K 

d. Path. Applied to diseases which widely 
affect the body or organ, in contradistinction to 
those which are circumscribed. 

1807-26 S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 57 To some 
cases ..the name of diffuse inflammation in the cellular 
membrane has been lately applied. 1874 Roosa Dis. Ear 
(ed. 2) 120 Diffuse inflammation of the external auditory 
canal. 1877 Ericusen Surg. I. 14 Tendency to erysipelas, 
pyzmia, and low and diffuse inflammations generally, 

e. Embryol. Applied to a form of non-deci- 
duate placenta in which the villi are scattered. 

1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim, Life 367 The non-de- 
ciduate placenta is either diffuse, when the villi are scattered 
+, or cotyledonary, when they'are aggregated into patches. 

3. Of a style of writing or speech: Using many 
words to convey the sense; extended, wordy, ver- 
bose: the opposite of concise or condensed. 


44* 


> 


DIFFUSE. 


tion of the E tongue, w is too diffuse, and daily 
ws more more enervate. 1783 Potr Chirurg. Wks. 
I. 194 Some parts of them will 


prolix and diffuse. 
1815 Jane Austen Emma 1. vii, "foo stron; i 
not diffuse enough for a woman, 1842 H. 
Burke's Wks. 47 His style is always full. .and in many places 
even diffuse. 1868 Pref. to Digby's Voy. Medit. 22 
who as a writer is always diffuse, dwells upon the wi 

Diffuse (difizz), v. Also 6-7 defuse. [f. L. 
diffiis-, ppl. stem of fo ma to pour out or away: 
see Dirrunp. Cf. F. diffuser (15th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.) 

I. +1. “rans. To pour out as a fluid with wide 
dispersion of its molecules ; to shed. Obs. 

1598 Fiorio, Diffondere, to defuse, to shed. 1610 Suaks, 
Temp. w. i. 79 Who, with thy saffron wings, vpon - 
flowres Diffusest hony drops, refreshing showres. 1634 W. 
Tirwuvt tr. Balzac’s Lett. 400 A place whereon Heaven 
defuseth all its Graces. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. //ist. (1827) 
I. Pref. 4 [This] diffuses great light over the history of those 
nations, 

2. To pour or send forth as from a centre of dis- 
persion; to spread abroad over a surface, or through 
a space or region; to spread widely, shed abroad, 
disperse, disseminate. a. (material things, or phy- 
sical forces or qualities). 

1590 Srenser F. Q. 11. ii. 4 The ..veneme..Their blood .. 
infected hath, Being diffused through the senceless tronck. 
1601 Hottanp Pliny 1. 312 The vitall vertue in them. .is.. 
speed and defused throughout the whole body. 1627 May 

Lucan 1X, (1631) 606 Those trees no shadow can diffuse. 
1654 Warren Undelievers 95 The Head diffuseth nerves to 
the several members. 1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 1.1. v.27 The 
Phenicians .. began to diffuse themselves throughout the 
whole of the Midland Sea. 1711 Pore Temp. Fame 308 
From pole to pole the winds diffuse the sound. 1752 
Jounson Rambler No. 190? 6 Diffuse thy riches among thy 
friends. 1791 Hamitton Berthollet's Dyeing 11. u. iii. i. 142 
Hot water in which cow’s dung has n diffused. 1815 
Suettey Demon World 227 Ten thousand spheres diffuse 
Their lustre through its adamantine gates. 1860 TyNpaLt. 
Glac. 1. vii. 260 The colours of the sky are due to minute 
particles diffused through the atmosphere. 

b. (immaterial or abstract things). 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 31 The charite of God is 
diffused & spred in our hertes. Bramuate Reflic. vi. 
279 The true Catholick Church, diffused over the World. 
1689 SHapwett Bury F. 1, His fame is diffus'd throughout 
the town. 1814 D'Israeti tage fl Auth, (1867) 363 Dif- 
fusing a more general taste for the science of botany. 1839 
James Louis X/V, 111. 114 A general rumour began to 
diffuse itself through the court. 1852 Masson /’ss. i. (1856) 32 
A heartless man does not diffuse geniality and kindness 
around him, as Goethe did. 

ec. fig. The reverse of collect or concentrate; to 
dissipate. 

1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit. & Vows 1. § 79 The one gathers 
the powers of the soule together. .the other diffuses them. 
1752 Jounson Rambler No. 190 ® 9 Determined to avoid a 
close union. .and to diffuse himself in a larger circle. 1887 
Ruskin Preterita 11. 274 He diffused himself in serene 
scholarship till too late. 

3. To extend or — out (the body or limbs) 
freely ; in fa. pple., Extended or spread out. arch, 
and foetic. 

i Mitton Samson 118 See how he lies at random, care- 
lessly diffused. 1706 Watts Hore Lyr.\1779) 284 Beneath 
your sacred shade diffused we lay. x J. Beresrorp 
Miseries Hum. Life(1826) u. xxxiti, After having. .diffused 

ourself on the sopha. 1815 Snettey Alastor 636 His 
imbs did rest, Diffused and motionless, on the smooth 
brink Of that obscurest chasm. 

4. intr. (for ref.) To be or become diffused, to 
spread abroad (/zt, and fig.). 

@ 1653 [see Dirrusinc below]. 1700 S. Parker Six Philos. 
Ess.51 It [the Chimist’s Fire] does not merely sustain it 
self, but propagates too, and diffuses u) the ruins of its 
neighbours. @171x Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 
12 Love .. Will all diffuse in Extacy. 1785 Eugenius I 
192 In several other parts .. the same benevolent spirit an 
moral improvement are diffusing. 1814 SourHzy Roderick 
xx1, The silver cloud diffusing slowly past. 

5. Physics. a. trans. To cause (gases or liquids) 
to intermingle by diffusion ; to disperse by diffu- 
sion. b. intr. Said of fluids: To intermingle or 
interpenetrate each other by diffusion ; to pass by 
diffusion. See Dirrusion 5. 

a. 1808 Darton New Syst. Chem. Philos. 1. 150 Gases 
always intermingle and diffuse themselves amongst each 
other, if ex: ever so carefully. did. a en two 
equal measures of different pes thus diffused. 1831 
T. Granam in LZ. §& Z£. Phil. Mag. (1833) 11. 179 The ascent 
of the water in the tube, when hydrogen is diffused, forms a 
striking experiment. — in Phil. Trans. (1850) 5 The 
phial was filled up with the solution to be diffu: 

b. 183 Granam in LZ, §& £, Phil. Mag. (1833) I. 189 The 
air does not diffuse out against so strong a pressure. 1849 
— in Phil. Trans. (1850) 4 The carbonic acid found in the 
u bottle, and which had diffused into it from the lower. 
x Ibid. 178 Water ay rs to diffuse four times more 
bo ' than alcohol. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene 
(ed. 3) 127 Every gas diffuses at a certain rate. 

II. +6. trans. To distract, perplex, disorder, 
render confused or indistinct. Os. (Cf. Dirruse 
a. 1; and see also DirFUSED 1.) 

1605 Suaxs. Lear 1. iv. 2 If but as well (rs¢ Fodio will] I 


other accents borrow, That my speech defuse. 
Hence Diffu'sing ¥ - - 2 
a Gouce Comm. J The Spi as a 
afnstng nature, Poor ‘Nellie ( Shas She ha told 
her, with diffusing ci of surprise. 


igby, | 


346 


Diffused (difid-zd, poet. -éd), ppl. a. Also 6-7 
- defused. [f. DirrusE v.+-ED!. 
I. +1. Confused, distracted, disordered, obscure. 


(Cf. Dirruse a. 1, Dirruse v. 6.) 

1535 CoverDALE /sa. xxxiii. 19 So diffused a that 
it maye not be vnderstonde. 1591 Greene /arew. Folly 
Ciij b, I have seene an English gentleman so defused in his 
sutes, his doublet being for the weare of Castile, his hose for 
Venice, his hat for France. 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 78 
Defus'd infection of man. x — Hen. V, v. ii. 6x 
Lookes, defus’d Attyre, euery thing that seemes vn- 
naturall. 1608 Armin Nest Ninn. (1842) 6 The whole 
lumpe of this defused chaios. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 
845 There is no divine word (as Tertullian speaketh ..) so 
dissolute and defused, that emg h ad words may be de- 

des set 


fended, and not the true ing 
II. 2. Spread abroad, widespread ; dispersed 


fi “Teys Jom TP late (ed yes and borat wa 
‘OWETT 0 . 

delay and di which ot uaet Lares ev 

- Speaker 22 Oct. /2 Notes. .written with 


y- 
Diffuser (difizza1). [f. Dirruse v. +-zn1.] 
1. One who or that which diffuses or spreads 

7 Goopwt ; 

a ZT. n Wks. V.1. 

ietetthe author and diffuser of tl ee 4 
Mannincuam Disc. conc. Truth 32 (T.) Diffusers of secular 

i 1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XX11. 545 The 

principles, 


| diffusers, not the inventors, of their un 


over a large area; covering a wide range of © 


subjects (obs.). 

1610 Heatry St. Aug. Citie of God xvi. ii. (1620) 541 
Christ .. in whose houses, that is, in whose Churches, 
diffused Nations shall inhabite. For laphet is diffused. 


1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies (1645) u. 123 Able to exempt them- | 


selves from defused powers. entLeY Pha, Introd. 
15 Galen, with all his vast and diffused —— axis 
Burnet Own Time (1766) 1.81 He had a most diffused love 
to all mankind. or ad Mrs. SomervitLe Connect. Phys. Sc. 
xxxvii. 413 The diffused light of myriads of stars. 1882 


Vines Sachs’ Bot. 748 Within two hours in direct sunlight, | 


within six hours in diffused daylight. 

+3. =DuirrussE a. 3. Ods. 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 64 In pleadinge [there ought 
to be]..a difficulte enteraunce, and a defused [1636 diffused] 
determination. 

Diffusedly (difiz-zédli), adv. [f. prec. +-Ly2.] 
In a diffused manner. 

I. +1. Confusedly, obscurely ; disorderly. Ods. 

(See Dirruse a. 1.] 

1567 MarLet Gr. Forest 16 In this stone is .. seene .. the 
verie forme of a Tode, with bespotted and coloured feete, 
but those vglye and defusedly. 1588 Parke tr. Mendoza's 
Hist. China 395 Whose memorie doth remain vnto this day 
amongst the. . people, although diffusedly. @ 1625 FLETCHER 
Nice Valour ui. iti, Goe not so diffusedly. 

II. 2. With diffusion or spreading abroad ; 
dispersedly ; with interpenetration. 

1591 Percivae Sf. Dict., Difusamente, diffusedly. 1611 
Corcr., (a § da, diffusedly, scatteringly. a@xzrr Ken 
Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 ILI. 303 Till from th werful 
Word to rude dull Mass, Life energetick should diffus'dly 
pass. 1813 T. Bussy Lucretius tv. 101 Each, widely scat- 
tered, and diffusedly, flies. 1884 Pa// Madi G. 13 Sept. s/t 
The heavy metals. .are present, though far more diffusedly. 

+b. In the wider or extended sense. Ods. 

a164r Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. 100 Taking Iudah 
either restrainedly, for the Tribe .. or diffusedly, for the 
nation. 


+8. Diffusely; with much fullness or prolixity of 


language; at large. Ods. 

1594 Biunpevi. Exerc. Cont. (ed. 7) Aiv, As Monte 
Regio wrote diffusedly, and at large, so Copernicus wrote 
of the same briefly. 1604 T. Wricut Passions v. iv. 218 Of 
this more diffusedly in my third booke. 1730 A. Gorpon 
Maffei's Amphith. 193 Those who have diffusedly wrote on 
Amphitheatres. 1805 Ann. Reg. 1054 [They] have also dif- 
fusedly written on Brasil. 1817 J. Niwueace in Monthly 
Mag. XLVI. 38 Many. .will descant most ably, diffusedly, 
and elegantly, upon the superstructure. 


Diffu'sedness. , as prec. + -NESS.] The 
condition or quality of being diffused. 

+1. Confusedness, perplexity, obscurity. Ods. 

1611 Coter., Odscurité, obscuritie. . diffusednesse. 

2. The quality of being widely ——. 

a 1626 Br. ANprEwes Serm. (1856) I. 378 Willing to reduce 
the diffused of our rep at large to the certainty of 
some one set time. 1681-2 Bovte New Exp. /cy Noctiluca 
46 A conjecture I had made about the great diffusedness of 
the Noctilucal Matter. 1747 Epwarps Canons Crit. xxii. 
(176s) 211 It is the diffusedness, or extent of her i ion 
which is here described. 

Diffusely (difiwsli), adv. [f. Dirruse a, + 
-LY2,] In a diffuse manner. 

+1. Confusedly, obscurely. Ods. 

ists Barctay Lgloges u. (1570) Bivb, Diffusely thou 
speakest to vnderstande, — § F 

2. In a diffused or widespread manner; with wide 
dispersion. fea ve ® 

1552 Huvoet, Diffuse! , bea 0 owe tr. Lucan 
ane (Seager) Pleas'd that r magic fame pan Med 
¢ a Lanvor Wes. (tee 1. 464 The sun colours the sky 
most deeply and most diffusely when he hath sunk below 
the horizon. 1870 Hooker Se 
calcitrapa. .diffusely b hed. L 
The light is diffusely reflected from surface. 

3. In many words, verbosely, copiously; fully, 


at large: the opposite of concisely. 

cr Weer dpecetill Bak Wee B: gpe It sufficide 
to Mathew to telle .. biginnynge at Abraham. But Luk .. 
tellip more diffuseli how man stiep up to God, from Adam 
to be Trinite. 1662 Granvitt Lux Orient. xi. (R.), These 
places have been more diffusely urged in a late d 


| Petral. 


1807 SouTHEY ye ance Lett. U1. 96 Women. .become 
the most useful rs of their own faith. 1893 Arena 
Ca Nov. 707 Promoter of purity, diffuser of sweet- 
ness light 


2. spec. A contrivance for diffusing air, light, 
heat, etc. 

1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 114/1 Patent Inlets and Air 
Diffusers for Buildings. 189% 7'ruth 10 Dec. 1242/1 The 
burners were shaded with the new bead ray diffusers. r804 
Hi 's Mag. July 216/2 Patents have ited 
‘ diffusers ', whereby the lightning is to be distributed over 
a larger area than, presumably, it could find unassisted, 

Diffusibility (difizzibiliti). [f Dirrusiere 
+-1T¥.] Capacity of being diffused ; esp. in Phy- 
sics, as a measurable quality of gases or fluids. 

1813 J. Tomson Lect. /nflam. 489 On account of their 
greater diffusibility in the atmosphere. [see Dirrusi- 
BLE). 1861 Granam in PAil. Trans. 183 diffusibility 
is not the os eee which the bodies .. in 
common. 1883 Fortin. Rev. 1 Oct. 598 Influenza .. is re- 
markable for its amazing diffusibility. 

Diffusible (difiz-zib'l), a. Also -able. [f. 
L. diffis- ppl. stem of diffundére to pour out, 
DIFFUSE + -IBLE: so in mod.F.] Capable of 
being diffused ; spec. in Physics, having the capa- 
city, as a fluid, of spreading itself between the 
molecules of a contiguous fluid. 

1782 Ciark in Med. Commun. 1. 64 note, The infection. . 
being of an exceedingly diffusable nature. 1794 J. Hurron 
Philos. Light, etc. 151 The moveable or diffusible heat in 
bodies, = which we are made to feel. 1812 Pinkerton 

I. 425 It is not diffusible in cold water. 1830 
Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 65 The volatile oil of Cajeputi is. . 
ahighly diffusable stimulant. 1849 Granam in PAil. Trans. 
(1850) 1 A diffusibility like that of gases, if it exists in liquids, 
should aff ion and d iti 


‘ord means for the 
even of lly diffusible 1864 H. Spencer 


| Biol. I. 19 Hydrochloric acid is seven times as diffusible as 


| — of magnesia. 


ence Diffu'sibleness = DIFFUSIBILITY. 

1847 Craic, Diffusibleness, diffusibility. 

+ Diffursile, a. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. diffiisil-is 
diffusive, f. diffiis- ppl. stem of diffundére to Dir- 
FUSE.] = DIFFUSIBLE. 

1727 Batey vol. Il, Diffusile, spreading. 

Diffusi-meter = next. 

Diffusiometer. [f L. diffisio diffusion + 
-METER.] An apparatus for measuring the rate of 
diffusion of gases. 

1866 Granam in Phil, Trans. CLVI. The diffusio- 
meter, consisting of a plain glass tube. od at the upper 
end by a thin plate of stucco, and open below. 1879 Nature 
XXI. 191 The diffusiometer which I have constructed. 

Diffusion (difizzon). Also 6 defusion, [ad.L. 
diffiision-em, n. of action from dij to pour 
out: see Dirrunp. Also in mod.F. (1610 in 
Hatz.-Darm.)] 

+1. The action of pouring or shedding forth ; 
outpouring, effusion. Ods. ° 

1374 [see 4]. 1626 Bacon Sylva 268 The Diffusion of 
Specittol -, i 1631 Donne in Select, (1840) 49 Diffusion 

2 ‘The action of spreading abroad ; the condition 
of being widely spread ; dispersion through a space 
or over a surface; wide general distribution. 

1591 Drayton Harmonie of Church, Song of Faithfull, 
He stood aloft and compares the land, the nations 
doth defusion make. iS ~ Habakkuk ili. 6.] 1642 Howet. 
oid ean tooo the eupee Pa sae PA. Frmns T, 
ge A Medium much less disp ee ee ion of 

2 OSTER orr. (i 
ater alg ite” Ey 


ph a ame fo 
b. The condition of branching out on all sides. 
@ 1682 Six T, Browne 7'racts (1684) 34 This diffusion and 
spreading of its Branches. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 414 
Ps A Tree in all its Luxuriancy and Diffusion of Boughs, 
¢. quasi-concr. That which is extended, a dif- 
fused extension or extent. we feel 
a 1696 ScarsurGu Euctid (1705) 2 pace is an Infinite, 


ae fm ge 1783 H. Buair Lect. xviii. Gy 4 senti- 


diffusely, will barely be itted to 
be just, ex concisely, admit 


, will be admired as spirited. 
1837 Hattam /ist, Lit. iv. ut. § 106 That great branch of 
ethics..has been so di handled by the casuists..that 
Grotius deserves .. credit for the brevity with which he has 
laid down the simple principles. 

mess (difiz'snés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being diffuse; es. in speech or 
literary style, the opposite of conciseness. 


U Di every way. 1750 Jounson & 
No, 36 ? rt The Sea is. .an immense diffusion of waters. 
+d. Jn diffusion: in distribution among the 
members of a beer ti 3 =DIrrusivety b; 
» ‘ 


cee. Jem, Tavion Eplse (R., And therefore the deter 
mintion of counlls pertains to all, and is handled by all, 
not in diffusion \. 

fe. 8 abroad, dispersion, dissemina- 
tion (of abstract as knowledge), / 


DIFFUSIONIST. 


1750 Jounson Rambler No. 101 P 2 The writer. .receives 
little advantage from the diffusion of his name. 1752 Hume 
Ess. & Treat. (1777) 1. 224 The universal diffusion of learn- 
ing among a people. 1834 di Bowrinc Minor Morals, 
Story Perseverance 146 This diffusion of enjoyment. 1862 
Sir B. Bropre Psychol. Ing. 11.1. 14 The effect which the 

eneral diffusion of knowledge produces on society. 1874 
Green Short Hist. viii. § 2. 461 The rapid diffusion of the 
new doctrines in France, 1875 Giapstone Glean. VI. xlv. 
133 There is a wider diffusion of taste among the many. 

4. Of speech or writing: Diffuseness ; prolixity, 
copiousness of language. 

In quot. 1374 (which stands quite alone in point of date) 
the sense is rather ‘use of diffuseness, copious outpouring’ 
of speech. 

1374 Cuaucer Tvoylus m1. 247 (296) Nere it that I wilne 
as now tabregge Diffusioun of speche, I coude almost A 
thousand olde stories thee alegge. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., 
Akenside, The reader wanders tiie | the gay diffusion, 
sometimes amazed, and sometimes delighted. 1782 V. Knox 
Ess, (1819) I. xliv. 244 Attributing to the former [Demos- 
thenes] conciseness, and to the latter [Tully] diffusion. 1791 
Bosweti Yohnson an. 1772 (1816) II. 184, I love his know- 
ledge, his genius, his diffusion, and affluence of conversation. 
1870 LoweEtt Study Wind. 278 The power of diffusion with- 
out being diffuse would seem to be the highest merit of 
narration. - as 

5. Physics. The permeation of a gas or liquid 
between the molecules of another fluid placed in 
contact with it ; the spontaneous molecular mixing 
or interpenetration of two fluids without chemical 
combination. 

1808 Darton New Syst. Chem. Philos. 1. 191 The diffu- 
sion of gases through each other is effected by means of the 
repulsion belonging to the homogeneous particles. 1831 
T. Granam L. & £. Phil. Mag. 833) II. 175 (On the Law of 
the Diffusion of Gases.) The diffusion or spontaneous inter- 
mixture of two gases in contact is effected by an interchange 
in position of indefinitely minute volumes of the gases.. 
‘These replacing volumes of the gases may be named egz- 
valent volumes of diffusion. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chen. 
II. 323 Diffusion.,takes place both when the fluids are in 
immediate contact, and when they are separated by porous 
membranes or other partitions. 1878 A. H. Green Coad i. 
x1 A portion of the carbonic acid is dissipated by diffusion. 
1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 718 The sugar is the migratory pro- 
duct which takes part in the diffusion; the starch-grains 
are the temporarily stationary product. 

6. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly sense 5), as diffuston- 
apparatus, -bulb, -cell, -circle, -coeffictent, -instru- 
ment, -phial, -tube, -volume. 

_ 1831 Granam in ZL. § Z. Phil. Mag. (1833) 11. 178 A simple 
instrument which I shall call a Diffusion-tube was con- 
structed. did. 179 When such a diffusion-tube. .was filled 
with hydrogen over mercury, the diffusion or exchange of 
air for hydrogen instantly commenced, through the minute 
pores of the stucco. /é7d. 186 The first time a diffusion-bulb 
is tried, it generally gives the diffusion volume of hydrogen 
below the truth. 1849— in PAi2. Trans. (1850) 5 The saline 
solution in the diffusion cell or phial thus communicated 
fy with about 5 times its volume of pure water. 1858 
— Elem. Chem. YI. 612 Another method of determining 
the diffusion-coefficient of a salt has been devised by 
Jolly. “1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Diffusion-apparatus, 
a mode of paagotergen Novel sugar from cane or beet-root by 
dissolving it out with water. 1878 Foster P/ys. 11. ii. 399 
If the object be..removed farther away from the lens, the 
rays .. will be brought to a focus in front of the screen, 
and, subsequently diverging, will fall upon the screen as a 
circular patch composed of a series of circles, the so-called 
diffusion circles. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diffusion apparatus, 
a cell divided into two parts by a porous septum or dia- 


phragm, 
Diffu'sionist. [f. Dirrusion + -1st.] One 
who adheres to a theory of diffusion ; also a¢trib. 
1893 A thenzum 25 Nov. 736/3 The most strenuous advo- 
cate of the diffusionist theory [of folk-tales]. 


Diffusive (difiz‘siv), 2. Also 7 defusive. [f. 
L diffis- ppl. stem of diffundére to DIFFUSE + -IVE. 
CE. F. diffuséf, -tve, found 15-16th c., but app. un- 
used in 17-18th c. (Hatz.-Darm.)] 

1, Having the quality of diffusing (¢vams.); dis- 
rae or shedding widely or bountifully. 


Hatt Rem, Wks. (1660) 187 Leaven hath ..a diffusive 
faculty. 1683 Lond. Gaz. No. 1856/5 Cherished. .by the 
diffusive beams of the Sun. . Burnet 7h, Earth 


1. 26 All liquid bodies are diffusive. 1712 Apptson Sfect. 
No. 411 P 1 Our Sight..may be considered as a more deli- 
cate and diffusive kind of Touch. 1727 THomson Britannia 
144 Far as the sun rolls the diffusive day. cx SHEN- 
stone Ruin'd Abbey 197 His less’ning flock In sno 
groups diffusive scud the vale. 1851 Granam in Phit 
gs ries Tee diffusive relation of the two ey 
OSCOE » 31 This important property 
ake the diffusive power of gases. 


347 
b. fig. of immaterial or abstract things. 


1634 HasinctTon Castara (Arb.) 100 A common courtier. . 
hath his love so diffusive among the beauties, that man is 
not considerable. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1v. 190 Demo- 
cratie hath a diffusive facultie, as it takes in the concernes 
and interests of each individual. 178: Gispon Decl. & /. 
III. 43 The diffusive circle of his benevolence was circum- 
scribed only by the limits of the human race. 1832 ‘TEeNNy- 
son ‘ You ask me why’ iv, The strength of some diffusive 
thought Hath time and space to work and spread. 1871 
Smites Charac. iii. (1876) 71 The good character is diffusive 
in its influence. 

+3. Of a body of people: As consisting of mem- 
bers in their individual capacity. The ‘ diffusive 
body’ is contrasted, by the notion of individually 
diffused or distributed action, with the ‘ collective 
body ’, and, by that of universal participation, with 
a ‘representative body’. The action of the ‘ dif- 
fusive body ’ is that in which every member of the 
body shares directly. (Common in 17th c.) Obs. 

1642 Answ. to Printed Bk. 11 The election of the diffusive, 
not of any representative body. 1647 Jer. Taytor Lid. 
Proph. ix. 161 The incompetency of the Church in its diffu- 
sive Capacity to be Judge of Controversies. 1647 Diccrs 
Unlawf. Taking Arms Ui. 66 If actions of this nature were 
unwarrantable in the diffusive body, they are so in the 
representative. 1660 Futter M/ixt Contemp. i. (1841) 259 
The diffusive nation was never more careful in their elec- 
tions. 1691 T. H[ave] Acc. New Jnvent. p. Ixxxii, His 
Majesty and all his People, both representative and diffu- 
sive. a1 TILLotson Servi. (1743) I. 259 They are not 
agreed..where this infallibility is seated ; whether in the 
pope..or acouncil..or in the diffusive body of Christians. 
1718 Hickes & Newson ¥. Aettlewedl ui. x. 212 That the 
Supreme Power was Fundamentally in the whole Body 
Diffusive of the People. 

4, Prolix in diction or speech ; = DIFFUSE a. 3. 
(Sometimes in good sense: Copious, full.) 

1699 Burnet 39 47‘. Pref. (1700) 2 The heaviness. .of Stile, 
and the diffusive length of them, disgusted me. 1734 tr. 
Rollin’s Anc. Hist, (1827) VIII. xvi. viii. 57 Polybius.. 
generally is diffusive enough. 1794 Sutiivan View Nat. 
V. 257, I have .. been unavoidably, and I am afraid tire- 
somely, diffusive. 1874 L. Srernen Hours in Lid. (1892) 1. 
i. 34 He is less diffusive and more pointed than usual. 

+5. Bot. =Dirruse a. 2c. Obs. 

7756 Watson in PAil. Trans. XLIX. 815 The rigid leaved 
Bell-flowers, with a diffusive panicle and patulous flowers. 

+ 6. Difficult to understand, obscure: = DirrusE 
a1. Obs. 

1709 Strype Ann. Ref 1. xxii. 266 Whereas Turcopolier 
was so diffusive a name as not worthy the pains of pro- 
nouncing. 

Diffusively (difizsivli), adv. [f. prec. +-Lyv?2.] 
In a diffusive manner or condition ; see the adj. 

1628 T. Spencer Logick 54 It is diffusiuely good, in as 
much as it is fit..to bestow good vpon others. 1677 
Hate Prin. Orig. Man. u. vii. 198 Whether the primitive 
.. Animals .. were diffusively created over the habitable or 
dry Ground as Vegetables were. 1710 Managers’ Pro § 
Con 67 May the Influence of good Examples .. be .. diffu- 
sively prevailing. 1773 J. ALLEN Sev. St. Mary's Oxford 
18 So diffusively hath this doctrine descended to posterity. 
1787 Hawkins Yohuson 129 Rhapsodically and diffasively 
eloquent. 1816 Chrox. in Ann. Reg. 543 It branches more 
diffusively. 1868 GLapstone ¥uv. Mundi iii. (1869) 75 
Probably Thracians existed diffusively, like Pelasgians, 
among the Greeks. 1869 Mrs. Somervitte Molec. Sc. 1. 
iii. rr1o The particles of the crystals unite diffusively with 
the water. Aes 

+b. In, or with respect to, the individual mem- 
bers; individually, severally; cf. DIFFUSIVE 3. Odés. 

gs ee Beginnings & Causes War 19 The Subjects of 
the Kingdome of England diffusively considered cannot 
take up Armes against the King, and how then can their 
Representatives assembled in Parliament? 1644 Br. Max- 
WELL Prerog. Chr. Kings ii. 25 The people all and every 
one, diffusively, collectively, representatively. 1710 Bent- 
Ley Phil, Lips. § 35 (T.), ExxAnoia .. means diffusively the 
whole community of the Christian name. 

siveness (difiz‘sivnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality or condition of being diffusive. 

1630 Donne Serm. Ixxii. 726 The extent and Diffusive- 
nesse of this Sinne. 1648 Boyte Seraph. Love iii. (1700) 1 
Those. .Excellences, which the Diffusiveness of his Good- 
ness, es him pleased to communicate. 1702 ADDISON 
Dial. Medals iii. 154 The first fault..that I shall find with 
a modern legend, is its diffusiveness. 1831 GraHAmin L.§ £, 
Phil. Mag. (1833) 11. 356 A certain proportion of each of 
the mixed gases .. corresponding to its individual diffusive- 
ness. 1848 Hattam Mid. Ages viii. note xi, An Essay .. 
written with remarkable perspicuity and freedom from dif- 
fusiveness. 1884 W. H. Ripeine in Harper's Mag. June 68/1 
The natural buoyancy and diffusiveness of smoke. 

Diffusivity (difidsi-viti). Physics. [f. Dirru- 
SIVE+-ITy. Cf. activity, conductivity.] Diffusive 
quality; capacity of diffusion (as a measurable 
quality of liquids, gases, heat, etc.) ; =D1FFrusI- 
BILITY. 

1876 Tair Rec. Adv. Phys. Sc. xi. 280 We may speak of 
the diffusivity of one substance in solution in another. | 188 
Everett Deschanel’s Nat. Philos. xxxv, 413 ‘ Diffusivity’ 
(to use the name recently coined by Sir Wm, Thomson) 
measures the tendency to equali perature. 1882 
Nature XXVI. 567 ‘Diffusivity’, that is .. conductivity 
divided by thermal capacity of unit volume. 

Diffusor, var. of DIFFUSER. 

Difluan: see DIFrLuaN. 

Difoil (dai'foil), a. nonce-wd. [f. Di-2, after 
trefoil, etc.] (See quot.) 

1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vt. iii, 20 The elementary 
structure of all important trees may, I think .. be resolved 


| 
| 
| 


DIG. 


into three principal forms: three-leaved. .four-leaved..and 
five-leaved.. Or, in well-known terms, trefoil, quatrefoil, 
cinqfoil .. The simplest arrangement .. in which the buds 
are nearly opposite in position. .cannot, I believe, constitute 
a separate class..If it did, it might be called difoil. 

Dify(e, obs. form of DEFY. 

Dig (dig),v. Forms: 4-6 dygge(n, 4-7 digge, 
(5 degge), 6-dig. Pa.t.and pple. digged (4 -ide, 
5 dygged, deggyd, deghit); also dug (pa. t. 
8-, pa. pple. 6-; in 7 dugg). [Found since 14th 
c.; prob. a. F. diguer, according to Darmesteter 
properly ‘creuser la terre’, to dig or hollow out 
the ground, by extension = ‘ piquer’ to prick or prod, 


|. as now used in Normandy; also, in the Manége, 


diguer un cheval to dig the spur into a horse; 
related to F. dégue dike, also to F. d¢gon, dégot, iron 
prongs for catching fish and shell-fish, d¢/gonner 
‘to dig, or pricke (Norm.)’ Cotgr. Cf. also Da. 
dige dike, ditch, trench, vd. to raise a dike. 

Dig cannot be derived from, or in any way directly related 
to, OE. déc dike, ditch, and dfcian to dike, embank, from 
which it differs both in vowel and final consonant; but if 
the French derivation be correct, it goes back through F, 
to the same Teutonic root. It is properly a weak verb, pa. t. 
and pple. digged, but in 16th c. received a strong pa. pple. 
dug, analogous to stuck, which since 18th c. has also been 
used as pa. t.] 

I. zntr. 

1. ‘To work in making holes or turning the 
ground’ (J.); to make an excavation; to work 
with a spade or other tool similarly employed. 

Locally the word was, and in some cases still is, the 
technical term for working with a mattock as distinguished 
from a spade, the latter being ‘ graving’ or ‘delving’. Cf. 
quots. 1530, 1691; also 1611, 1888 in sense 4. 

¢ 1320 Orfeo 239 in Ritson AZet. Ron. 11.258 Now he most 
bothe digge and wrote, Er he have his fille of rote. ¢ 1380 
Wycuir Servm. Sel. Wks. I. 99 Digge about be vyne rotis. 
1387 TrevIsA //igdenx (Rolls) III. 159 (Matz.) Pey founde a 
mannis hede in pat place while bey digged. c 1400 MAuNDEv. 
(1839) xxvi. 267 Thei schullen dyggen and mynen so strongly. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dyggyn, supra in delvyn. ¢ 1440 
Gesta Rom. iii. 7 (Harl. MS.) He toke a shoville, and dyggyd 
in the erthe. c1g00 Ballad on Money in Halliw. Nugae 
Poet. 48 The plowman hymselfe dothe dyge and delve In 
storme, snowe, frost and rayne. 1526 lyr. Perf.(W.de W. 
1531) 120 b, They that dygge for water. 1530 Patscr. 516/1, 
I dygge in the grounde with a mattocke. 1607 DEKKER 
Wh. of Babylon Wks. 1873 11. 197 When mines are to be 
blowne vp men dig low. 1611 Biste Exod. vii. 24 The 
Egyptians digged round about the riuer. 1691 Brokesby 
in Ray N.C. Words, s.v. Dig, In Yorkshire, they distinguish 
between digging and graving; to dig is with a Mattock; to 
grave, with a Spade. ¢1755 JoHNSON Review Blackwell's 
Mem. Crt. Augustus Wks. X.185 Mr. Blackwell has neither 
digged in the ruins of any demolished city, nor [etc,]. 1836 
Emerson Nat., Sfirit Wks. (Bohn) II. 168 If labourers are 
digging in the field hard by. 1873C. Rosinson V.S. Wales 
35 He went so far as to recommend the unemployed miners 
of Cornwall to come out here and dig for it [gold]. : 

b. Said of animals: to excavate the ground with 


snout or claws. 

1388 Wycuir /sa. xxxiv. 15 There an irchoun hadde dichis 
..and diggide aboute [1382 dalf, deluede]. 1535 CovERDALE 
/bid., Vhere shall the hedghogge buylde, digge. .and bringe 
forth his yonge ones. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) 
VIII. 122 They [ants] dug deeper and deeper to deposite 
their eggs. : 

ec. fg. with allusion to the general sense; also 
spec. to study hard and closely at a subject (U.S.). 

1789 Trifler No. 43. 549 Youths who never digged for the 
rich ore of knowledge thro’ the pages of the Rambler. 
180r SoutHEY 7alaba w. xv, ‘Tis a well of living waters, 
Whose inexhaustible bounties all might drink, But few dig 
deep enough. 1827-8 Harvard Reg. 303 Here the sunken 
eye and sallow countenance bespoke the man who dug six- 
teen hours per diem. 1869 Louisa M. Accort Lit/le Women 
II. xii. 165 Laurie ‘dug’ to some purpose that year, 

2. With various prepositional constructions : To 
penetrate or make one’s way 77/0 or through some- 
thing by digging; to make an excavation or loosen 


the soil zsder anything. 

1535 CoveRDALE Ezek. vili. 8 Thou sonne off man, dygge 
thorow the wall, 1580 Barer AZ. D. 697 To digge vnder 
an hill, s¢ffodere montem. 1611 Biste Fob xxiv. 16 In the 
darke they digge through houses. 1628 Hospes 7hucyd. 
(1822) 76 They united themselves by digging through the 
common walls between house and house. 1705 ADDISON 
Trav. (J.), The Italians have often dug into lands described 
in old authors, as the places where statues or obelisks stood, 
and seldom failed of success. 1832 Examiner 709/2 He 
seemed to dig into his subject. 1865 Gosse Land §& Sea 
(1874) 5 The little boat ploughed and dug through the 
green and foaming waves. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dig- 
into, to set about a job of work in earnest and with energy. 

II. ¢rans. 

8. To penetrate and excavate or turn up (the 
ground, or any surface) with a spade or similar 
tool. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 6747 (Trin.) Peof hous breking or diggyng 

er If mon him smyte [etc.]. 1382 Wycuir Ezek, aa. 8 
Sine of man, dig the wal; and whanne Y hadde thur3 
diggide the wal, o dore aperide. 1608 Suaks, Per. 1. iv. 5 
Who digs hills because they do aspire. 1697 Drvpen inetd 
vi. (R.), A rav’nous vulture .. still for the growing liver 
digg’d his breast. - : 

b. Said of an animal penetrating and turning up 
(the ground) with its snout, etc. 

I Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. cii. (1495) 847 The 
molle hathe a snowte .. and dyggeth ithe erthe 
and castyth vpp that hedyggyth. 1697 —— ire. Georg. 

-2 


DIG. 


n. 08 The bristled Boar .. New grinds his arming Tusks, 
digs the Ground. 

4. spec. To break up and turn over(the soil) with a 
mattock, spade, orthe like, as an operation of tillage. 
(See med I as to technical use in quot. 1888.) 

r 'ycur /sa.v. 6 It [a vine ]schal not be kit, and 
it tel one be i and i rye hey 
vp on it. 1§52 [see Diccinc vdZ. sb. 1]. 1580 Baret Adv. 
Dz. 699 That the nd should be dug three foote deepe. 
1611 Bite /sa. vii. 25 And on all hilles that shalbe digged 
with the mattocke. 1715 DesaGuuiers Fires Lnprov. 13 
Suppos'd to have been digg’d four Inches deep. 1888 
Extwortny W. Somerset W ord-bk., Dig, v.t.,to work ground 
with a mattock. Ground is never said to be dug with a 
Fog 1889 H. H. Romitty Verandah in N. Guinea 200 
The first moon is spent in digging the ground. 

+b. To till (a plant) by this operation. Obs. 


1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 54 We..sholde not onely 
dygge our vyne wele by compunccyon. 1577 B. GoocE 
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586 


83 The plants of a yeere .. must 
bee discretely digged an fete 1626 Bacon Sylva 
§ 622 The Vines .. are .. so much digged and dressed, that 
their Sap spendeth into the Grapes. 

+c. with fogether. Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xi. xxix. (Tollem. MS.), 
On his rigge pouder and erpe is gaderid, and so digged to 

ederes, pe erbes and smale tren and busches groweb 
Foon, so pat pe gret fische semep an ylonde. 

5. To make (a hole, hollow place, mine, etc.) by 
the use of a mattock, spade, or the like; to form 
by digging ; to hollow out; to excavate. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 159 (Matz.) Some di: seh 
caues and dennes. 1388 Wyciir Nw. xxi.18 The pit whic 
the princes diggiden [1382 delueden, doluen]. c 1400 Destr. 
Troy 11363 Pai droppe in the dike pai deghit have for vs. 
c 1430 Lypa. Min. Poems 113 (Mitz.) To here hys dyrge do, 
and se hys pet deggyd. 1535 CoverDae Gen. xxi. 30, Thane 
dygged this well. re Nortu Plutarch, Lucullus 569 
(Wright Bible Word-bk.) So did Xerxes. .cause..a channell 
to be digged there to passe his shippes through. 1597 
Suaks. 2 Hen. /V,1v. v. 111 Then get thee gone, and digge 
my graue thy selfe. 1606 Proc. agst. Late Traitors 7 To 
digge a certain mine under the sayd House of Parliament. 
1653 Hoicrort Procopius u. ix. 49 Anciently there was no 
passage through, but in time a way was dig’d through it. 
1697 W. Damrter Voy. I. 85 In working their Canoas hollow, 
they cannot dig them so neat and thin [with stone hatchets}. 
— Ibid. 215 Making a Canoa. Then again they turn her, 
and dig the inside. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. 
Nat. (1799' I. 2 The child, who, with a shell, had dug a 
hole in the sand, to hold the water of the Ocean. 1853 Six 
H. Dovcras Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 17 Torrents .. dig for 
themselves beds approaching to that form. 1864 H. Ains- 
wort John Law 1. iv. (1881) 91 He..is ever digging mines 
under our feet. 

6. To obtain or extract by excavation; to exhume, 
unearth; =dig out or up (13, 14). Const. from, 
out of. 

c1350 Will. Palerne 2243 Pat werkmen forto worche ne 
wonne pidere sone, Stifly wib strong tol ston stifly to digge. 
1387 Trevisa Higiden (Rolls) I. 271 (Matz.) In Gallia bed 
many good quarers and noble for to digge stoon. 1565-73 
Cooper Thesaurus, Argilletum..a place where clay is 
digged. 1601 Hottann Pliny xvut. xvii. (Wright Bible 
Word-bk.), This same toad must be digged out of the ground 
againe. 1610 Suaxs. Tem... ii. 172, {with my long nayles 
will digge thee pig-nuts. a1661 Futter Worthies, Wales 
(R.), Metalls elsewhere are digged .. out of the bowells of 
the land. 1663 Gerpier Counsel D iv a, Chalk .. is daily 
digged here at home. 1678 Cupwortn /ntell. Syst. 681 To 
declare out of what Quarry the Stones were dugg. 1683 
R. Burton Crrios. (1684) 30 Rocks out of which the Tinn is 


digged. 1726 Leon: A lberti's Archit. 1.31 We are .. not to 
make our Bricks of Earth fresh dug, but to dig it in the 
Autumn, 1837 W. Irvine Capt. Bonneville 11. 221 The 


Indians .. come to it in the summer time to dig the camash 
root. Mod. ‘The cottagers were busy digging their potatoes. 
b. To dig a badger. 

1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Zo Dig a Badger (in the 
Hunter's Language) is to raise or dislodge him. 1721-1800 
in Bawey. 1 onsdale Gloss., Dig, to start a badger. 

+ 7. To put and cover up (in the ground, etc.) by 
digging or delving; to bury. Cf. dig in, 11 b. 

1530 Patscr. 516/1, I wyll dygge this dogge in to the 

rounde somwhere for feare of stynkyng. 1607 TorseLt 
Serpents (1658) 797 All the Winter time they dig themselves 
into the earth. 1647 Trarr Comm. Matt. v. 15 Such idle 
servants as ., dig their talents into the earth. 

8. Tothrust, plunge, or force (something)7# or into. 

1553 1. Witson Xhet. 107 As though a sworde were ofte 
digged and thrust twise or thrise in one place of the bodie. 
1832 L. Hunt Sir R. Esher (1850) a8 Delighting, as he 
went over the noble Lord, to dig his knuckles in his back. 
1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. xi. 77 We .. dug our feet firmly into 
the snow. 1883 F, M. Pearp Contrad. i, He dug his hands 
into his pockets, and lounged off. 1893 SeLous 7'rav..S. £, 
Africa 37, 1 dug my spurs into my horse’s ribs. 

9. To spur (a horse) vigorously [=F. déguer un 
cheval]; to thrust, stab, prod; to give (any one) 
a sharp thrust or nudge (in the ribs, etc. ). 

1530 Pauscr. 516/1, | dygge my horse in the sydes with 
my 1551 Ropinson tr, More's Utop. (Arb.) 102 You 
shoulde haue sene children ..digge and pushe theire mothers 
under the sides, 1875 Tennyson ¢: Mary u. iii, Gamble 
thyself at once out my sight, Or I will dig thee with m 
dagger. 188: Mus. P. O’Donocuve Ladies on Horsebac 
68, I dug him with my Fag! and sent him at it, 1889 
Farmer Americanisms, To dig a man in the ribs, is to 
give him a thrust or blow in the side. 


III. In comb. with adverbs, 
10. Dig down. a. ¢rans. To bring down or 


cause to a by digging. nn 
se oes and aie RV J thyn mane aie Banal 


‘om, xi. 


348 


D. 688 To di defodio. ax619 Fotuerny A theont. 
1. vii, re nee) 268 Wicca Citizens . . doe overthrow their 
owne ities, and digge downe their Walls, : 

b. To lower or remove by digging or excavating. 

1591 Srenser Virg. Guat 46 Mount Athos .. was digged 
downe. Br. Lowrn 7ransi. Isa. (ed. 12) Notes 313 
She the precipices to be digged down. 

lL. Dig in. +a. srans. To pierce, stab, pene- 
trate. Obs. (Cf.9.) b. To put in and cover up by 
digging. (Cf. dig énto in 7.) 

1530 Patscr. 516/1, He hath d 
standyng his almayne ryvettes. 
402/2 The dung .. may be dug in 
most kitchen-garden crops. 

i To cause to penetrate, to drive in deeply. 
(Cf. 8.) 

Sat. Rev. 6 June 765/2 [Demons] .. laughing with 
gett the. .rider cursed or é ed - the spurs. 

12. Dig off. trans. To cut off by digging. rare. 

1655 Srantey Hist, Philos. 1. (1701) 46/1 He attempted to 
dig the Isthmus off from the Continent. 

13. Dig out. a. /vans. To take out, thrust out, 
extract or remove by excavation. (Cf. 6.) 

1388 Wycuir Yod iii. 21 As men diggynge .. out [1382 del- 
uende out] tresour. 1526 TinpaLe Gad. iv. 15 Ye wolde 
have digged [1534 plucked] out youre awne eyes, and haue 
geven them to me. 1580 Barer Aly. D 697 To digge out 
ones eies, elidere alicui oculos. 1667 Mi.toN A. L.1. 690 Soon 
had his .. crew Op'nd into the Hill a spacious wound And 
dig’d out ribs of Gold. 1772 Hutton Bridges 94 The sand 
having been previously digged out for that purpose. 1847-78 
Hatiwett, Dig out, to unearth the badger. 

1864 R. f, Kimpatt Was he successful ? 11. xi. 259 
It was their habit to go over their lessons together, after 
Chellis had ‘ dug out’ his. 
b. To excavate, to form by excavation. Cf. 
DuG-ovut (canoe). 

1748 Relat. Earthg. Lima Pref. 9 These usually were 

Caves, or Hollows dug-out in the Mountains, 
ce. intr. To depart, elope. (U.S. i 

1884 S. L. CLemens (Mark Twain) Adv. Hucklebury Finn 
(Farmer A mer.), Then I jumped in a canoe, and dug out for 
our place..as hard as 1 could go. 1888 Detroit Free Press 
21 tily (Farmer Amer.), She dug out last night with a 
teamster. 


14. Dig up, a. rans. To take or get out of 
the ground, etc., by digging or excavating; to 


hym in nat with- 
Penny Cycl. XIV. 
t fermentation for 


exhume, disinter, unearth. 70 dig up the hatchet,to — 


renew strife: see Hatcuet. (Cf. 6.) 
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) ix. 107 He [John the Baptist] was 
.. buryed at Samarie. And there let Julianus Apostata 
dyggen him vp. _c 142g Seven Sag. (P.) 1126, I se a gras 
of grete solas, Were r dyggyd uppe by the rote, Of 
many thyngs hit myght bote. 1535 Covervace Fod iii. 
21 Those that dygge vp treasure. 1588 Suaxs. 77. A. v. i. 
135 Oft haue I dig'd vp dead men from their graues. 1695 
MW clwans Nat. Hist. Earth u. (1723) 81 There are 
dig'd up Trees .. in some Northern Islands, in which there 
are at this Day growing no Trees at all. 1726 
Gulliver u. vii. 160 Huge bones and skulls, casually dug up 
in several parts of the kingdom. 1858 GLenny Gard. Every- 
day Bk. 267/1 Ferusalem Artichokes, Dig them up if it be 
not done alkeay: 1889 Farmer Amer., To dig up the 
hatchet, a phrase decidedly Indian in origin .. This [the 
hatchet] was buried to signify the putting away of strife; 
and digging up the hatchet, meant a renewal of warfare. 
Jig. 1611 Biste Prov. xvi. 27 An vngodly man diggeth 
vp euill : and in his lips there isa burning fire. 1861 Bricur 
Sf. India 19 Mar., A Committee to dig up all the par- 
ticulars of our supposed perils, ete 
b. To excavate, break up or open by digging. 
1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 73 Kyng Utopus 
. caused . xv. myles space of vplandyshe grounde .. to 
cut and dygged vp and so ihe, ae e sea rounde aboute 
the land. 1593 Suaxs. 3 //en. V7, 1. iii. 27 If 1 digg’d vp 
thy forefathers Graues, And hung their rotten Coffins MA 
Chaynes. 1855 Macautay //ist, Eng. 1V. 132 The Engli 
government would be unable to equip a fleet without digging 
up the cellars of London in order to collect the nitrous 
particles from the walls, - 
ce. To break up and loosen the soil of, by dig- 
ing : said esp. of a place not previously or recently 
ug, 
1377 Lanat. P. Pi. B. vi. 109 Dikeres & delueres digged 
op bs baleen: a 1698 Temrte (J.), You cannot dig up your 
arden too often, 1799 J. Rosertson Agric. Perth 247 He 
irects the moss to be delved or dug up with —_ 1889 
Botvrewoon Roddery under Arms (1890) 7 He dug up a 
line ote in front. digd), Di 1, adj 
ence Digged ( , Digging pf/. adjs. 
©1394 P. Pil. Crede t was be dygginge devel pat 
d pb men ofte. 1§52 Hutorr, D: Sossitius. 1616 


DIGAMMATED. 
4. A thrust, a poke, as with the elbow, fist, 
or other of the A ? 


of leg and hatchet into the snow was sufficient 
motion. 
b. Ag. (Cf. htt sb.) 


oop Miss Kilma: 


Her Fi Ball iii, Th 
Gea eee 

ition .. caring absolutely for nothing except 
get a dig at the fe oy rk. 


lett) There goes the dig .. How like a parson he eyes his 
book! 1894 NV. ¥. Weekly Witness 12 Dec. 2/2 ‘The aedent 
who earnestly his scholasti dies is held to be 
a scrub, or 


grind, or dig. 
‘Dig, 51.4 Obs. exc. dial. A duck. 
¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 9 Pandon for wylde digges, 
swannus, and piggus. ?%a1§00 vaneen PL, Deluge 189 


-7 Swirt | 


Heare are doves, dig; drakes, Redshankes, runninge 
through the lakes.” ae Comm Anette,a Ducke, or Dig. 
1616 /nventory in Earwaker Powltrey, Sandbach (1890) 
135 Three Digs and a Drake. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dig 
a duc 
b. Combd., as dig-bird, Lancash., a young duck 
(Halliwell); dig-meat, duckweed (Chesh. Gloss.). 

Digallic (deige lik), @. Chem. [f. Di-2 + 
Gauiic.] In Digallic acid, which has the com- 
position of two molecules of gallic acid, minus 
one equivalent of water. 

1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) 11. 547 Gallotannic 
Acid, Digallic Acid or Tannin..occurs in large quantity in 
nut-galls. .and many other plants. 

(dirgamist). [f. as Dicgamy + -1s7.] 
A man or woman who has married a second time. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Digamist, ..one that marries 
after his first wives death. a1660 Hammonn Ws. I, 
597 (R.) The digamist, or he that hath had two wives suc- 
cessively, one after another. Hearne Collect. 9 Nov., 


I can say no more of this Bp. than y* in yance wth ye 
Fashion of 7 Age he isa digamiist. 1869 Lecxy Europ. 
Mor. (1877) 11 i 


: ‘Di ists’, accordin; Origen, 
saved int name of Christ, but are by no'menns Gowned 
by him. 
+b. =Bicamist. Obs, (So F. digame, come), 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Digamist, one that hath two 
Wives her, 

+ Di: te. Obs. [f. as prec. +-1TE.] = prec. 

1616 T. Gopwin Moses § Aaron (1655) 238 Persons marry- 
ing after such div » Were reputed diga that is, 
to have two husbands or two “wives. 1674-8: Biount 
Glossogr., Digamist or Digamite. 

i (daige'ma). [a. L. digamma, Gr. 
diyappa the digamma, f. &:- twice + yappa the letter 
| gamma: so called by the grammarians of the first 
century, from its shape f or F, resembling two 
gammas ([-) set one above the other.] 


The sixth letter of the original Greek seat, 
was 


ival Eneli ae 
the Italian eaten deched: from Greek, it appears to iave 
peseed tetas SS eee @, to that of # its 

oman alphabet : + It was lost 


ma, 1865-73 COOPER t 
i Cicero useth = for Din nee: of Roce aoa ae 
F.) 1698 M. Lisrer ) so (Stanford) His 
new invented Letter he instituted or 


Surec. & Marku, Co: Farme 302 In a well 
ym di d ground, 1617 Fauna Ling. 170 Souldiers..lie in 
i 


, 56.1 Also 9 (Se.) deg. [f. prec. vb.] 
1. An act of digging; the plunging or thrusting 
(of a — or the like) into the ground. 
‘all Mall G. 15 Oct, 11/1 The price which is obtained 
for the excavated sand .. just meets the expense of the di 
out. ey veep Rev. Jan, 66 At each ‘dig’ four sets 
forks are thrust into the ground. 
2. A definite depth or quantity to be dug out. 


| Daily Ni . 6/4 Fi ‘dig’ 308. is to be 
| Rg the gang, “he i he bs te i ecomved home 


where the crane way. 

3. A tool for digging ; a bay ror at igen ete, 

1674-91 Ray N.C. , Dig, a Mattock. py Cah 
i 's pick. NOW. 


ness s., Dig, a mattock ; a na 

Linc. Gloss., Dig, an instrument for stubbing up roots, 
more called a stud-dig, ‘As straight as a dig’ is 
a common expression. 


ities, B 
e di ..is continued on Doric 
Goal yar of the 94th Olympiad] and 
Digammate  (doige'm?\), 
cag ned f. digamma : see -ATE?. 
EBSTER. 


fammated (doigemAid), pl a [6 as 


prec. +-ATE 3 + -ED.] 


1. Spelt with or having the di : 
Fae oY ty, 


DIGAMMIC. 


short Syllable is often made long when the next word begins 
with a digammated vowel. 1863 J. HADLEY Ess. (1873) iv. 
56 It is more than forty years since Richard Payne Knight 
Cee in 1820 his famous digammated Iliad. 1882 

.C. Jess Life Bentley 152 The number of digammated 
roots in Homer is between thirty and forty. 

2. Formed with a figure like the digamma, as 
the digammated cross, a phallic symbol. 

+ Diga'mmic, ¢. Ods. [f. Dicamma +-1c.] Of 
or belonging to a digamma. 

1817 G. S, Faser Eight Diss. (1845) 1. 134 The Anakim or 
(with the digammic prefix) Fanakim. 

Digamous (di-gimoas), a. [f. L. digam-us, a. 
Gr. d¢yapos that has been married twice (f. 5:-, Di- 2 
twice + ydyos marriage) + -ouUS.] 

1. Married a second time; that contracts asecond 
marriage after the death of the first spouse; of the 
nature of digamy. - 

1864 in Wesster. 1868 Mirman St. Pawl’s xi. 302 A di- 
gamous Bishop could hardly be more odious to Elizabeth. 

2. Bot. =ANDROGYNOUS. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Digamous, having both sexes on the 
same flower-cluster. 

Digamy (di-gimi). [ad. L. dégamia, a. Gr. 
bvyapia a marrying twice, f, diyap-os: see Dica- 
MOUS and -y.] 

1. Digamous condition or state ; second marriage; 
re-marriage after the death of the first spouse. 

1635 Pacitr Christianogr. App. 17 The ordinary Priests 
marry once, Digamy is forbidden them. 1672 Cave Prim. 
Chr. u1. v. (1673) 83 Three sorts of Digamy or Second Mar- 
riages. 1672-5 Comber Comp. Temple (1702) 220 Digamy, 
as well as Marrying after a Divorce while the former Wife 
lives, are forbid under the Gospel. 1755 Jonson, Digamy, 
second marriage ; marriage to a second wife after the death 
of the first: as d/gamy, having two wives at once. 1869 
Lecty Europ. Mor. I. v. 346 Digamy, or second marriage, 
is described by Athanagoras as ‘a decent adultery’. 

+2. =Bicamy 1; having two wives at the same 
time. Ods. 

1638 Sir T. Herpert Trav. (ed. 2)39 The Antick Romans, 
who ..so hated Digamy (both in enjoying two wives at one 
time, and being twice married). 1761-66 Baitey, Digamy, 
a being married to two Wives at the same Time. 

stric (doige'strik), a.and sb. Anat. [ad. 
mod.L. digastric-us, f. Gr. &-, Di-2 + yaornp, 
yaorp- belly: cf. Gasrric. In F. digastrigue 
‘hauing two bellies’. Cotgr. 1611.] 

A. adj. 

1, Having two parts swelling like bellies; sfec. 
applied to muscles having two fleshy bellies with 
an intervening tendinous part, as that of the lower 
jaw; see B. 

rjzt Baitey, Digastric, that has a double belly. 1732 
Monro Anat, Bones 102 Where the digastric Muscle of the 
lowet Jaw hasits Origin. 1872 Huxtry Phys. vii. 175 There 
are muscles which are fleshy at each end and have a tendon 
in the middle. Such muscles are called digastric or two- 
bellied. 

2. Of or pertaining to the digastric muscle 
of the lower jaw: see B. 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 53 On the inside of, and 
behind, the mastoid process, is a longitudinal depression 
named the Digastric Groove, on account of its giving at- 
tachment to the muscle of that name. 1840 J. Evtis Anat. 
82 The digastric nerve, the largest of the three branches of 
the portio dura ..is distributed by many filaments to the 
under surface of the posterior belly of the digastric. po 
E. Witson Anat, Vade M, (ed. 2) 49 Upon the inner side 
of the root of the mastoid process is the digastric fossa. 

B. sé. (Also in L. form digastricus.) A muscle 

of the lower jaw, thick and fleshy at its extremities, 
thin and tendinous at its middle. 
_ It arises from the back part of the skull, and is inserted 
into the mandible. Its action is to depress the lower jaw, 
or to raise the hyoid bone and carry it backwards or for- 
wards as in deglutition. (Syd. Soc. a) 

1696 Puituirs, Digastric, a double-bellied Muscle, which 
ending in. .the Chin, draws it downward. 1746 J. Parsons 
Hum. Physiognomy i, 30 It serves .. to assist the Digastric 
in opening the Jaws. 1872 Mivart Zlem. Anat. 286 The 
digastric is a muscle with two fleshy bellies, with a median 
tendon. 1881 Athenzumg Apr. 496/1 On the Tendinous 
Intersection of the Digastric. 

eneous (doidzinzas), a. [f. Gr. beyerns of 
double or doubtful sex (f. d:-, Dt-* + -yévos, yeve- 
kind, race, sex) + -ous.] 

1. Of two sexes, bisexual. Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883. 

2. Of or pertaining to the Dégenea, a division of 
the trematode worms or flukes. 

Digenesis (doidze'nésis). B7ol. [mod.L., f. 
Gr, &-, Di-2 + yéveots generation.] Successive 
generation by two different processes, as sexual 
and asexual. 

1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 102 This phenomenon 


has been known by the name of alternate generation; we 
have called it digenesis, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Digenetic (daidztne'tik), a. [f-as prec. + Gr. 
-yeverixds, f. yéveois.] Relating to or characterized 
by digenesis. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Digenetic worms, parasitic worms 
which at different periods of life have different forms. 1890 
E. R. Lanxester Adv. Science 265 Whether the female .. 
belonged to a parth ic or digenetic ., Lbid. 
266 In Artemia salina parthenogenetic alternate with di- 
genetic broods. 


i i a i 


349 


Digenite (didgtnoit). AZin. [mod.f. Gr. &- 
yevns of doubtful sex or kind + -1rE.] A variety 
of CHALCcocrTE or copper-glance. 

18g0 Dana Min. 509. 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 323. 

Digenous (didgtnog), a. [irreg. f. Gr. s- two 
+ yévos kind, race +-ous.] Of two sexes, bisexual. 

1884 Sepewicx tr. Claus’ Zool. 1. 97 The digenous or 
sexual reproduction depends upon the production of two 
kinds of germinal cells, the combined action of which is 
necessary for the development of a new organism. 

Hence Digeny, digenous reproduction. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

A Diger, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. digér-er (14the. 
in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. diger-ére to Dicxst.] 
trans, =DIGEST v. 

1541 R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., A pyt wherin 
the nourysshynge blode commynge fro the lyuer 1s dygered. 
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 103 Such things as have the 
virtue to discusse, diger, and dry lightly, and not humect. 

+ Di-gerate, v. Ods. rare. [f. as prec. + -ATE3.] 
trans. To digest. Hence Di-gerating //. a. 

1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg, xvul. xvil. (1678) 426 
They must be strengthened with hot and digerating things. 

+ Di'gerent, a. andsd. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dige- 
rent-em, pres. ppl. of diger-cre to DicEsT.] 

A. adj. Digesting. 

1477 Norton Ord, Aich. v. in Ashm. (1652) 62 But our 
cheefe Digestiue [frizted -ure] for our intent, Is virtuall 
heate of the matter digerent. 1755 JouNSoN, Digerent, adj., 
that which has the power of digesting, or causing digestion. 

B. sé. A medicine or agent that promotes diges- 
tion or suppuration. 

1731 Baitey, Digerents (with Physicians) Medicines which 
digest or ripen. 1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. 


215 Digerents .. medicines which promote the secretion of 


proper pus in wounds and ulcers. 

Digest (doi-dzest), 5d. Also5dy-,7dis-. [ad.L. 
digesta ‘ matters digested ’, a name given to various 
collections of writings arranged and distributed 
under heads; n. pl. of digest-us, pa. ppl. of diger- 
ere: see Dicest v, The appearance of the senses 
in English, does not correspond in order to the 
original development.] 

1. A digested collection of statements or informa- 
tion; a methodically arranged compendium or 
summary of literary, historical, legal, scientific, or 


other written matter. : 

1555 Branam Address to Reader in Lydgate’s Chron. 
Troy, The verye trouthe therof is not to be had in theyr 
dygestes. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. xv. § 1. 58 ‘The 
Disposition .. of that Knowledge .. consisteth in a good 
Digest of Common Places. 1789 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) 
III. 14 This is a very elegant digest of whatever is known 
of the Greeks. 1825 Macautay £ss., Milton (1854) I. 2/1 
His digest of scriptural texts. 1854 H. Miter Sch. & 
Schm. Gi8s8) 313 Those popular digests of geological science 
which are now so common. : : 

2. Zaw. An abstract, or collection in condensed 
form, of same body of law, systematically arranged. 

@ 1626 Bacon (tite) An Offer to King James, of a Digest 
to be made of the Laws of England. 1652 NeepHam tr. 
Selden's Mare Cl. 38 The Digests of the Jewish Law. 
168: W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 471 Digests, 
gathered out of the 37 civilians. 1724 A. Cottins Gr. Chr. 
Relig. 14 A Digest or System of Laws for the Govern- 
ment of the Church. 1765 BLacksTone Cow. I. 66 Out 
of these three laws .. king Edward the confessor extracted 
one uniform law or digest of laws. 1792 J. Witson in 
Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) IV. 388 A digest of the 
laws of the United States. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 
126 Lord Chief Baron Comyn, iu his Digest, states the case 
in Dyer as having decided that [etc.]. 1869 RawLinson 
Anc. Hist. 357 The code of the Twelve Tables. .was a most 
valuable digest of the apes Roman law. 

b. spec. The body of Roman laws compiled from 
the earlier jurists by order of the Emperor Justinian. 
(The earliest use in English.) 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 255 Iustinianus .. made 
and restored pe lawes of digest. 1530 Patscr. 213/2 Digest, 
a boke in lawe, digeste. 1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 
427 The lawes and constitutions of princes. .founde either in 
the Code, in the booke of Digestes, or Pandectes. 1660 
Burney Kép8, A@por (1661) 115 All they read in the Pandects, 
Digests and Codesin the Statute and common Law-books. 
1845 Graves Roman Law in Encycl. Metrop. 762/1 Notes 
on the laws of the Twelve Tables according to the order of 
the Institutes and the first part of the Digest. 1882 Srunss 
Med. & Mod, Hist. xiii.(1886) 306 If you take any well-drawn 
case of litigation in the middle ages..you will find that its 
citations from the Code and Digest are at least as numerous 
as from the Decretum. 

+3. =Dicestion. Ods. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. ii. (ZS. Bodl. 3738) 
Yf a plante shall be durable: it nedyth that it haue humour 
wt good dygest and fatty. So plantes yt haue humour 
w[ythou]t good digestion wydre sone in grete colde. 602 
Carew Cornwall 29b, Some giue meate, but leaue it no 
disgest, Some tickle him, but are from pleasing farre. 

+ Dige'st, //. a. Obs. Also 6 Sc. de-. [ad. 
L. digest-us, pa. ppl. of digerére to DicEst.] 

1. as fa. pple. and adj. Digested. 

1398 TrevisA Barth. De P. R. xvu. Ixxiv. (1495) 648 
Grene frute and rawe and not dygest greue bodies and 
make them swell. 1430 Lyne. Min. Poents (1840) 195 (Matz.) 
Whan Phebus entrith in the Ariete, Digest humoures up- 
ward doon hem dresse, 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 6 Take 
pe beste horse dounge pat may be had pat is weel digest. 

2. adj. Composed, settled, grave. Sc. 

1g00-20 Dunsar Poems x. 30 Sing In haly kirk, with mynd 
degest. /did. xxiv. 3 Quhair no 


ing ferme is nor degest.: 


DIGEST. 


1513 Douctas Axeis xu. i. 45 Kyng Latyn tho with sad 
and degest mynd To hym answeris, 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie 
(Arb.) 67 With gracis graue, and gesture maist digest. 
a1605 Montcomerie Misc. Poems |. 2t Sa grave, sa gra- 
cious, and digest. 2 

Digest (dijdze'st, dai-),v. Forms: a. 5-6 de- 
gest(e, 5- digest, (6 dejest, dygest, Sc. degeist). 
B. 5 desgest(e, 6-7 (9 dal.) disgest, 7 disjest. [f.L. 
digest-, ppl. stem of diger-cre to carry asunder, sepa- 
rate, divide, distribute, dissolve, digest, f. dz- = dis- 
(Dr-1) apart, asunder + gerdve to carry. Cf. OF. 
digester (15th c. in Godef.). A parallel form with 
the prefix as a7s- was frequent in the 16th and 17th 
c. (and is still dial.) ;. in earlier times, the French 
modifications des-, de-, are found.] 

+1. dvans. To divide and dispose, to distribute. 

a, 1578 Banister Hist, Man v. 71 Two Nerues., are 
digested into the bottome of the ventricle. 1610 J/irr. AZag. 
763 (T.), I did digest Mg bands in battell-ray.  c 1611 
Cuarman //fad xvi. 187 All these digested thus In fit place 
by the mighty son of royal Peleus. 1650 FULLER Pisgah 
ut. xi. 341 That Jerusalem was digested and methodized 
into severall streets is most certain. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's 
Prince xii. (Rtldg. 1883) 84 They changed their militia into 
horse, which, being digested into troops [etc.]. F 

B. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. mt. (1599) 116 Afore this nauie 
could be disgested into order and point. 

+b. To disperse, dissipate. Ods. 

a, 1513 Brapsuaw S¢t. Werburge 1. 1264 Some of his louers 
..Gaue hym theyr counseyll..unto melody all thoughtes 
to degest. a@1547 Henry VIIL in Laneham's Let, Pref. 
(1871) 149 Company me thynkes then best, All thoughtes 
& fancys to deiest. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 9 ‘The quhilkis 
humours nocht beand degeistit, mycht be occasione to dul 
their spreit. 1727 Braptey fam. Dict. s.v. Bath, It does 
by insensible transpiration digest and dissipate superfluous 
humours. 


160 Music 
quently disgest melancholy. fe 

2. To dispose methodically or according to a 
system; to reduce into a systematic form, usually 
with condensation ; to classify. 

a. 1482 Monk of Evesham Arb.) 28 He told thees thynges 
the whiche here after be digestyd and wreten. 1562 Act 5 
Eliz. c. 4 § 1 The Substance of .. the said Laws .. shall be 
digested and reduceed into one sole Law and Statute. 1668 
Hare Pref. to Rolle’s Abridgm, 8 Vhe Civil Law is digested 
into general Heads. 1704 Swirr Alech. Operat. Spirit 
Misc. (1711) 275, | have had no manner of Time to digest it 
into Order, or correct the Stile. 1791 Boswett Johnson 
an. 1738, The debates in Parliament, which were brought 
home and digested by Guthrie. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. 
Const. xix. § 1. 301 Every government is bound to digest 
the whole law into a code. 1875 E. Waite Life in Christ 
i. xiii. (1876) 152 ‘To digest these testimonies into definite 
forms. 

B. 1576 Gascoicne Steele GZ. (Arb.) 68 A strange deuise, 
and sure my Lord wil laugh ‘Yo see it so desgested in de- 
grees. 1676 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 358 Purposely 
to disgest some notes for the press. 

3. To settle and arrange methodically in the mind ; 
to consider, think or ponder over. 

a. 1450 Henryson Jest. Cres. (R.), Than thus proceeded 
Saturne & the Mone Whan they the mater ripely did degest. 
¢1470 Henry Wallace vit. 1430 Wer or pes, quhat so yow 
likis best, Lat your hye witt and gud consaill degest. 1548 
Hatt Chron. 20 When the kyng had long digested and 
studied on this matter. 1614 Bre. Hatt Necoll. Treat. 934 
When he had somwhat digested his thoughts, and con- 
sidered. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L.§ 130 I digested a plan 
for the keeping our accounts and correspondence. 1855 
Prescotr Philip /7, 1. uu. xi. 261 The regent was busy in 
digesting the plan of compromise. 

. 1494 Fasyan Chrox. vi. ccvii. 221 Whanne kynge 
Henry had well desgested in his mynde the wrongful 
trouble that he..hadde put the duke vnto. 1637 Hrywoop 
Royal King 1. Wks. 1874 VI. 11 Come to horse, And, as 
we ride, our farther plots disgest. 

4. To prepare (food) in the stomach and intestines 
for assimilation by the system ; see DIGESTION I. 

a, 1483 Cath. Angl. 99/2 To Digeste, digerere. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 192, XII baskettes of breedes 
that they coude not eate and digest. 1580 Lyty Euphues 
(Arb.) 468, I digested the Pill which had almost choakt me. 
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim: §& Min. Introd., The skinne 
.. even of rosted pigge .. can hardly be well digested of a 
strong stomach, 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1.7 The 
cattle... cannot digest tobacco. 1842 A. Compe Piysiol. 
Digestion (ed. 4) 363 To diminish the food to such a quan- 
tity as the system requires and the stomach can digest. 

B. a@1536 TinpaLe Wks. 234 (R.) That thy stomacke 
shall disgeste the meate that thou puttest into it. rg9z 
NasHe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 10a, It is..a hard matter to 
disgest salt meates at Sea. 1600 Row.anps Let. Humours 
Blood vi. 75 Blowne drinke is odious, what man can disiest 
it? 168x W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693), 482 To dis- 
gest or digest what one eats. 1877 V. W. Li 


inc. Gloss., 
Disgest, to digest. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Disgest. 
b. absol. 

1530 Patscr. 516/r He maye boldely eate well, for he 
dygesteth well. c1532 Dewes /utrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1054 
A body..may nat degeste without holdyng that mete. 1667 
Mirton P. ZL. v. 412 Every lower facultie .. whereby they 
hear, see, smell..digest, assimilate. 1707 Foyer Physic. 
Pulse-Watch 85 Fishes and Birds want a Diaphragm, and 

et Digest well. 1840 CLovcu Amours de Voy. u. 39 Each 
ee to eat for himself, digest for himself. _ 

c. Applied to the action of insectivorous plants. 

1875 Darwin Zusectiv. Pl. xiii. 311 Mrs. ‘Treat .. informs 
me that several leaves caught ively three i 
each, but most of them were not able to digest the third fly, 
1884 Bowrr & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. 100 The power .. 


DIGEST. 


of digesting animal substance and absorbing it as nourish- 
ment. .known in the case of the peculiarly-formed leaves of 


Droseracez. 
d. intr. (for ref.) Of the food: To undergo 
digestion. 

1574 Hy. Conjyect. Weather iv, Weathers over olde are 
to be refused in eating in that they .. y nourish and 
hardly disgest. 1586 Martowe 1s¢ Pt. Tamdburl. ww. iv, 
Fall to, and never may your meat digest. 1677 Hare 
Prim. Orig. Man. 1.i. 30 My Blood circulates, my Meat 
digests .. without any intention of mind to assist their act- 
ings. 4) Parmore Angel in H. 1. 1x. Prol. iii, The 
best [fare], Wanting this natural condiment. . will not digest. 

e. trans,-To cause or promote the digestion of 
(food). 

1607 Mippeton Five Gallants u. iii, It comes like cheese 
after a ra feast, to disgest the rest. c 1645 Howett Let?. 
(1650) II. 76 French wines may be said but to pickle meat in 
the stomach ; but this is the wine that disgests. 
Odyss. 1x. 409 Drain this goblet, potent to digest. 

+f. Zo digest the stomach: to promote the 
action of the stomach indigestion. Cf. Dery v.2 1b. 
c1460 J. Russett Bk. Nurture 947 Youre souerayne aftir 
mete his stomak to digest yef he wille take a slepe hym self 
pere for to rest. Sir J. Smvytue in Lets. Lit. Men 
(Camden) 91 Drynckinge wynes dyvers tymes to disgest and 
comforte my stomacke. 

5. fig. and transf. (from the digestion of food). 

1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 341 He maketh suche to love 
learning .. as before coulde by no meanes digest it. 160% 
Suaks. Ful. C. 1. ii, 305 This Rudenesse is a Sawce to his 
good Wit Which giues men stomacke to disgest his words. 
1614 Br, Hart Recoll. Treat. 994 The fire digests the raw- 
nesse of the night. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 61 This 
Opinion, I say, I can hardly digest. 183g I. T'Avtor Sfir. 
Despot, v. 221 The Church... had made great progress in di- 
gesting those arrogant principles, 1889 Sfectatoryg Nov. 621/2 
The Hapsburgs. .have not digested Bosnia completely yet. 

intr. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 440 Passions must 
have leasure to digest. 

6. To bear without resistance ; to brook, endure, 


put up with; to ‘swallow, stomach’. 


1725 Pore 


grandmother. 1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. v. v. (1849) 283 
This wanton attack..is too much even for me to digest ! 
[1837 Cartyte £7. Rev. 11.11. vi. (1848) 119 The forty thousand 
. -have to. .digest their spleen, or reabsorb it into the blood.] 

BR. 1592 WyrLey Armorie 48 Too great abusage, which he 
not disgested. 1603 Knottes //ist. Turks (1638) 247 Ma- 
homet could not wel disgest the losse he had so lately re- 
ceiued. a 1661 Futter Worthies 1. 1662) 179 His quick and 
strong Appetite, could disgest any thing but an Injury. 

b. To get over the effects of. arch. 

1576 M. Hanmer tr. Anc. Eccles. Hist. (1585) 156 Of the 
phisicians, some not able to digest that wonderfull noysome 
stinch were slaine. 1580 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 251 In this 
sort they refreshed themselves 3 or 4 daies, vntil they had 
digested y* seas, and recovered again their healths. 1598 
Barckiey Felic. Man (1631) 37 hen hee hath disgested 
so many evills, and come to hes seven yeeres old. 1647 
Crarenvon //ist. Red. vit. (1703) 11. 317 He had not yet 
disgested his late deposal from the Lieutenancy of Ireland. 
1834 CoLeripce Tadle-t. 12 Jan., I never can digest the loss 
of most of Origen’s works, 

7. To comprehend and assimilate mentally; to 
obtain mental nourishment from. 

a. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Collect 2nd. Sund. 
Advent, Read, marke, learne, and inwardly digeste them. 
a1sg2 H. Smitn Ws. (1867) II. 81 Record when you are 
gone, and you shall see the great power of God, what he is 
able to do for ae by one sentence of this book, if ye digest 
it well. 165 Hospes Leviath. 11. xxvi. 147 Memory to re- 
tain, digest and apply. 1732 Berketey Alciphr. i. § 14 
This new philosophy seems difficult to digest. 1858 Haw- 
tTHorne Fr. & /t. Frnis. 1.265 Having had as many pictures 
as I could digest. 1866 R. Cuampers Zss. Ser. 1. 149 He 
likes to digest what he reads. 1879 Froupe Cassar ix. 94 It 
might be that they would digest their lesson after all. 

B. 1583 Go.pinG Calvin on Deut. vi. 33 Mee thinkes this 
is harde, and as for that, I cannot disgest it. 1597 J. Payne 
Royal Exch. 43 Hartilie wishinge maryed folkes no less to 
mark and disgest, then to reade the words of the Apostle. 
1647 Dicces vont Taking Arms § 1.8 By these generalls 
throughly disgested, and rightly applied, we shall be able 
to rule particular decisions. 

+8. To mature, or bring to a state of perfection, 
especially by the action of heat. Also fig. Ods. 

1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1. iv. 176 There wanteth 
the heate of the Nurse that doth digest and concockt the 
milke to make it sweet, 1626 Bacon Sylva § 327 ‘They are 
ever Temperate Heats that Disgest and Mature. pi A 
Saitn Se/. Disc. i. 11 An in beauty..which cannot 
known but only then when it is digested into life and prac- 
tice. 1665 Sir 7. Roe's Voy. E. Ind. 360 They [musk- 
melons] are better digested t by the heat of the Sun, 
than these with us. 1700 H. Wantey in Pepys' Diary V1. 
233 A love and respect for his person which time .. does di- 

into a habit. a@1708 Beverince Priv, Th. 1. (1730) 52 
God. .having digested the Conditions to be performed by us, 
into Promises to be fulfilled by Himself. 

b. intr. (for refl.). 

1726 Leon A lberti's Archit. 1. 31 We are .. not to make 
our Bricks of Earth fresh dug, but to dig it in the Autumn, 
and leave it to digest all Winter. 

+9. trans. To mature (a tumour), to cause to 
suppurate ; also adso/. to promote healthy suppu- 
ration. Ods. 


350 


1551 Turner /Herbad 1. (1568) B vij a, Marrysh mallowe 
sien in wyne..maketh rype or digesteth. 1563 T. Gare 
Antidot. 11. 43 1t doeth digest ana maturate tumours. 1610 
Markuam Masterf. u. clxxiii. peek Span rue di th, 
and mightily forteth all ii s. 16x12 WoopaLt 
Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 366 The which Medicine doth 
= digest and suppurate a Bubo. 1767 Goocu 7 reat. 

saat & I. 159 The contused parts in a wound must separate 
and be digested off. 
+b. intr. (for ref.) To suppurate. Obs. 

1713 CHESELDEN Anat. Iv. i. (1726) 292, 1..tied the artery 
alone. .and it digested off in a week's time. 1737 Bracken 
Farriery Impr. (1756) 1. 185 Try such Things as will brin, 
the Matter to suppurate or digest. 1754-64 Sweuin Midwif 
IIL, 295 The swelling subsided, the lacerated digested 

10. trans. To prepare by boiling or application 
of heat; to dissolve by the aid of heat and moisture. 

1616 Surri. & Markn. Country pleswet 986 After it hath 
beene the second time digged and dunged, or , you 
must let it rest and digest his dung and marle. ta! Pope's 
Art of Sinking 80 Th’ almighty chemist . . Digests his lighten- 
ing, and distils his rain. 1791 Hamitton Berthollet's Dyeing 
Il. 1. . i. 48 Powdered indigo digested in alcohol gave a 
yellow tincture. 1805 C. Hatcnett in PAil. Trans. XCV. 
218 Some deal saw-dust was digested with the nitric acid 
until it was completely pea a 1838 T. THomson Chem. 
Org. Bodies 94 Digest the bark in hol, evaporate the 

salcoholic solution to dryness. 
b. intr. (for reft.) To dissolve in gentle heat. 


DIGESTING, 


Philos. 1V. iv. § 44. 130 To come into direct contact with 
facts, instead of receiving them 


fe at second hand through 
4 and r G. W. Hemminc in Law 
3. That which digests or promotes the digestion 
of fagd 5.0 ive Serato creme. 

. B. Phi é cos 83 Galingale .. 
tea Dlepiiat oF iaeare 21698 ume) Rice is..agreat 


§ 97 Its great vi and deobstruent, 
4, “A person or animal that digests its food (well 


or ill); fig. one who digests mentally. 
1713 STEELE Guardian No. 60 ?1 The generality of 
readers must .. be allowed to be notable digesters. /bid. 


No, 142 P 3 As princes keep their taster, so 1 perceive 
you keep your digester. ¢c12732 Arsurunor (J.), People that 
are bilious and fat..are great eaters and ill ¥ 

4. A strong close vessel in which bones or other 
substances may be subjected to the action of water 
or other liquid at a temperature and pressure above 
those of the boiling point, so as to be dissolved. 

In its original form called from its inventor, Papin's 
Digester. 

x D. Pari (title), A New Digester, or Engine for 
ftening Bones. 


1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. Wi. 397 Putting the S ie to 
boyle, or digest in a Quince. 1599 AM. tr. Gabelhouer's 
Bk. Physicke 206/1 Put then this oyle in a glasse .. Close 
the glasse verye well, and let it ther digeste, as long as 
pleaseth you. 1652 Curerrer Eng. PAys. (1809) 382 Let 
them stand to digest twelve or fourteen days. 1799 G. 
Sith Ladoratory 1. 133 Afterwards set it in bal. maria to 
digest for a fortnight. 
26 April Supfl. 7/4 Put your orange extract ..in some 
equally warm place, and let it ‘digest’ for at least six 
months. 

Digestant (gidze'stint). [f. Dicest v. + 
-AnT!.] A thing taken to promote digestion. 

1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 607 Digestants. In this 
class are put a few remedies which are used to aid the 
stomach in dissolving the various articles of food. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Digestants..such are pepsin, hydrochloric 
acid, and lactic acid: 

+ Digesta‘tion. rare—°. 
-ATION.] = DIGESTION. 

1727 Baitey, vol. Il, Digestation, a digesting, ordering 
or disposing. 

+ Dige'stative, a. rare. [f. DicEst: see -1VE.] 
Having the power to digest; = DIGESTIVE. 

thy 4 Tominson Renou's Disp. 92 Made milde and tract- 
able by a digestative heat. 


Digested (didze'stéd, dai-), Ap/. a. [f. Dicestr 
v. + -ED.] 

1. Disposed in or reduced to order. 

1598 Fiorio, Digesto, digested, disgiested .. dis; ° 
ordred, 1622 Sparrow Bk, Com. Prayer (1661) avid’s 
Psalms which are digested forms of Prayers. 1708 J. Cuam- 
BERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit, u. ul. x. (1743) 438 The college has.. 
a well digested library. 1790 Beatson Nav. § Mil. Mem. 1. 
381 A most absurd, ill-digested scheme. 1836 Emerson Nat., 
Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 170 We learn to prefer imperfect 
theories .. which contain glim of truth, to digested sys- 
tems which have no one valuable suggestion. 

2. Disposed, conditioned. 

1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. in Dodsley O. Pi. IV. 309 
Conjuring me..To seek some strange digested fellow fort! 
Of ill contented nature. 1672 Sir ‘T. Browne Lett. Friend 
§ 27 To live at the rate of the old world .. may afford no 
better digested death than a more moderate period. 

3. Of food: That has undergone the — of 
Digestion. Usually in comb. as wedl-digested, 
half-digested, etc. 

1611 Cotcr., Diger?é, dis 
McNas Bot. iv. (1883) 96 1 

4. Matured, ripe. 

1657 Jer. Taytor Disc. Friendship (Trench), 5) did 
fires, aromatic spices, rich wines, well-digested fruits. 
@1734 Wovrow Anadecta 11. 305 The most digested and 
distinct Master of the Scriptures that ever I met with. 
1812 Cuacmers Let, in Life (1851) I. 302 A more complete 
and digested acquaintance with the obj of my study. 
1861 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Old Age (Bohn) III, 135 
What to the youth is only a guess or a hope, is in t 


a dig 
+5. Concocted, condensed. Ods. 
1669 Wortince Syst. Agric. (1681) 292 From which coagu- 
lated or digested moisture winds are usually generated 
ensedly (didge'stédli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY%.) In a digested or well-arranged manner. 
1608 Br. Haut fist, Ep. Ded., We doe .. expresse our 


selues no whit lesse easily, somewhat more digas . 1672 
rudiedly and 


Mede's Wks. App. Author's Life 69 (R.) 
digestedly to give the the true nature of it. 1687 
H. Mort Answ. Psychop. (1689) 158, I having writ .. so 
digestedly and coherently. .touching this subject. 
(didgerstaz, dai-). Also 7-or. [f. 

DicEst v.+-ER.] He who or that which digests. 
+1. That which distributes, disperses, or dissi- 
pates (humours). Ods, 

1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xxiii. 109 All the Scabiouses are.. 
digesters and diuiders of grosse humors. 

2. One who analyses, arranges, and reduces to 
pre a mass of information; the maker of a 


[f. Dicesr v.: see 


ted, concocted, digested. 1878 
digested matter is.. absorbed. 


1677 Cary Chronol.1. 1.1. viii. 66 Varro a learned Digester 
tiquities. 1794 Maruias Puss. Lit. (1798) 432, I 

would recommend to..the new Di: of our Laws, not 
to be too subtle in the process. 1862 Maurice Aor. § Met. 


1895 Manchester Weekly Times | 
| Zoon, (1801) II, 412 A close vessel, w 


| known as a digester or stock pot, 


| earthy Dee agg etc. 


6b. 


4 . 1682 Evetyn Diary 12 aot I went .. to 
a supper which was all di both fish and flesh, in 
Monsieur Papin’s digestors, by which the hardest bones of 
beef itself, and mutton, were made as soft as cheese. 1708 
. Keut Anim, Secretion 122 The Jelly extracted by 
apin's Digester out of dry and solid Bones. 1783 Priest- 
Ley in 7 v] Trans, LXXII1. 415 A cast-iron vessel, which 
I could close at cne end, like a digester. 1794-6 E. Darwin 
hich is called Papin’s 
digester ; in which it is said water may be made red hot. 
1885 Pall Mall G. 4 May 10/2 ‘The vessel which containe: 
the explosive used at the Admiralty Offices .. was what is 
such as is used in ki 
b. An apparatus in which the carcases of beasts 
unfit for food are by the action of heat dissolved 


into their proximate elements, tallow, gelatine, 
nicut Dict. Mech. 1. 702/2. 1892 Daily News 
3/5 Animals and carcases should be removed in .. 
enclosed vans, the animals at once slaughtered .. 
carcases destroyed in a digester. - 
ec. An apparatus whereby substances are dis- 


' solved by chemical action instead of by heat and 


| dissolution of it [meat] is obstructed. 


pressure. 

Digestibility (didgestibi-liti). [f Dicestisre 
+-1Ty. Cf. F. digestibilité.] The quality of being 
digestible. re oe 

Cc Revimen ii. (R. er 
1740 Cueyne Regimen ii. (R.), ee, i Hag 


| ttn Coe Font agg Pg in "tomy for awd 
igestibility. oster Phys. u. i. (1 277 
: iliey letermined chiefly by mechan- 


digestibility’ of any food is d 
ical pec 


Burres Dyets I, Of a lash 
- aot vey : ee 

uet (ed. 2) t is found more .. 
ach xix. 


lackw. Mag. 660 The: i igest- 
able. 1842 Conte Physiol Digestion ey ty 
easily g. 


E igestible and ve 
Jig. 165 Honnes Leviath. 11, xix. 101 
a their Government digestible, were wont 


etc. ). 
Td. as to be nes or ma yd a 

¢ 1470 = vet ey n = quhen 
erbe and froyte. 

Pim mag gh stag ered: sw Se 

+3. Zo be digested ox peepee ty the apiben of 
heat. a 

1477 Norton Ord. Alch. vy. in Ashm., (1652) 62 Nethles 
heate of the digestible thinge, Helpeth di and her 


working. ‘ Bs 

Hence Dige’stibleness, quality of being digest- 
ible ; Dige'stibly adv., in a digestible form. 

' 1662 ag parr le ik ay nal a 30 Its coe by ie 
. argues its igestibleness. » MERED! 

Ages 1, Beg To give to those Intermiaable iallopost 
of matter in ch ampl ; 

+ sstic, a. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. Diaxsr v. 

+ -10,] = DIGESTIVE. 

1797 — phe uiver U. Vir a4 A vie eee oo, 
Family Biog. | -99 tn search of one who made more use 
of his bear ise . tf o 1 

Digesting sb. [f. Dicxst v,+-1Ne!. 
The action o he verb ihe ark vets rag 

Exyor /mage Gov. (1556 congoct ae 
aigityng of that, which the bade receiveth, Sru- 
LINGFL, rig. Sacr. ms vf a 5 ye so — 

pL ried t0 reds ibstance . b 


ns in 
to redissolve this substance .. 
boing and Sy el Te meg he? 
of affront. 
b. attrib 


tion, After the di 
Mutcaster Positions xxxii. « 
against 


) 116 Exercise .. 
the naturall heat strong i time, 


DIGESTING. 


Dige'sting, f//. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.] 
That digests, 

1605 Time Quersét. 1. vii, 32 The flower of salt .. is of 
a sharpe qualitie and much digesting. 1799 G. Smirn 
Laboratory |. 371 Give a digesting fire for three days, 1809 
Grecor in PAil. Trans. XCIX. 198 The process of solution 
is. accelerated by a digesting heat. 

Hence Dige'stingly adv. 

1885 G. Merepira Diana III, ii. 48 They rose from table 
at ten..digestingly refreshed. 

Digestion (didze'styan, doi-). Also a. 4-5 
digestioun, 5 degestyon, 5 dy-. 8. 6-7 (9 dia/.) 
disgestion. [a. F. digestion (13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad. L. digestzon-em, digestion, arrange- 
ment, n. of action f. digerére (pa. pple. digest-) 
to Digest, ] 

1. The physiological process whereby the nutritive 
part of the food consumed is, in the stomach and 
intestines, rendered fit to be assimilated by the 
system, 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sg7.'s 7.339 The Norice of digestioun the 
sleepe. cx400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 169 Pat mete mi3te 
abide in be stomak for to make digestion. 1553 T. WiLson 
Rhet.37 Heavinesse and care hinder digestion. 15390 SPENSER 
F. Q.11. ix. 31 The Kitchin Clerke, that hight Digestion, Did 
order all th’ Achates in seemely wise. 1593 Suaks. Rich. /[ 
1. iii. 236 Things sweet to tast, proue in digestion sowre. 
1667 Mitton ?. Z. v. 4 His sleep Was Aerie light, from 
pure digestion bred. x F. Futter Med. Gymn. (1711) 
156, I don’t believe Digestion is perform’d by Putrefaction. 
1834 MeMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 279 Insects vary 
infinitely as to the form of the organs of the mouth, and 
those of digestion. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 312 In certain men, digestion and sex absorb the 
vital force, 1871 R. Exis Catud/us xxiii, Who can wonder? 
In all is health, digestion, Pure and vigorous. 1878 Masque 
Poets 47 Is it trouble of conscience or morbid digestion ? 

b. The analogous process in insectivorous plants. 

1875 Darwin J/usectiv. P/. vi. 85 It becomes an interesting 
inquiry, whether they [Drosera] .. have the power of diges- 
tion, 1878 M«Nas Bot. iv. (1883) 96 The insects ., are.. 
covered with a secretion containing an acid, and a substance 
closely resembling pepsine, and _a true process of digestion 
goes on similar to the digestion in the stomach of an animal. 

+e. In old Physiology. /irst, second, and third 
digestion: see ConcocTion 1b. Also fig. Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxxix. (1495) 154 The 
lyuer drawyth in to his holownes the woos of the fyrst 
dopistyon. 1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 22 
The act digestively is finished in the third digestion. 1614 
Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 440 To choose the season for 
counsell.. and that season is, after the first digestion of 
sorrow. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 207 If there be 
an error..of the first digestion, it is incurable. 

c1s92 MartowE Massacre Paris u. vi. (version in Dyce), 
Hote enough to worke Thy just degestione with extreamest 
shame. 1614 RatricH Hist. World v. ii. § 3. 589 If no 
other state gave the Romans something to trouble their 
disgestion. 

e. Slow, easy, hard of digestion: slow, easy, 
hard to be digested. So of hard (etc.) digestion: 


cf. 4. Also fig. 

1533 Evyor Cast. Helthe ut. xiii. (1539) 31b, It is slowe 
of digestion. 1599 H. Butres Dyets dvie Dinner M viijb, 
Oyster..somewhat hard of degestion. 1653 Hotcrorr Pro- 
copius ut, 64 Their laws hard of disgestion, and their com- 
mands intollerable. 1699 aligey ioe Art. ix, (1700) 116 
A Doctrine that seems to be of hard digestion to a great 
many. @1715 — Own Time (1766) I. 448 These conditions 
were not of an easy digestion. 1732 ArnutHnot Redes a, 
Diet 252 Flesh roasted, not so easy of Digestion as boil’d. 
176x Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xxxi. 200 These points were of 
hard digestion with the princess. 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 
343 Mucus. .is deemed both nutritious and of easy digestion. 
7883 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 327 Raw flesh is generally 
regarded as more difficult of digestion than boiled or roast 
meat. 

2. The power or faculty of digesting food. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xvi. (1495) 163 In 
wynter is grete appetyte and stronge degestyon. c¢ 1430 
A’ Diatorie in Babees Bh. (1868) 54 Cleer eir & walking 
makib good digestioun. 153 Exyor Gov, m1. xxii, A man 
hauing due concoction and digestion as is expedient. 1589 
Nasue Anat. Absurd. 34 Our disgestion would be better, 
if our dishes were fewer. a@rzr0 Sours in Tatler No. 205 
? 5 Every Morsel to a satisfied Hunger, is only a new 
Labour to a tired Digestion. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's 
Anim, Chem. Il. 41 Indications of a_ morbid digestion. 
1861 Fito. NicuTincate Nursing ii. 27 Weakness of diges- 
tion depends upon habits. rae 

3. jig. The action of digesting, orobtaining mental 
nourishment from (books, vey 

az610 Heatey Epictetus’ Man. \xix, (1636) 90 Effectes 
following the due 1 gny of verball precepts. @ 1661 
Futter Worthies Il. 205 He had a great appetite to 
learning, and a quick digestion. 1839-40 W. Irvine /Vo/- 
Jert's R. (1855) 57 Glencoe supplied me with books, and 
I devoured them with appetite, if not digestion. > 

4. The action of putting up with or bearing 
without resistance ; brooking, endurance. ? Ods. 

1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. iv. 9 Having received so 
bold an answer. .found it very rude, and hard of digestion. 
1760 STERNE Serm. (1784) LII. 6 The silent digestion of one 
wrong provokes a enciadk 

5. Chem. +a. The operation of maturing or pre- 
paring a substance by the action of gentle heat; 
concoction, maturation, condensation, coagulation ; 
also susceptibility to this operation, and concer, the 
condition resulting from it. Ods. 

1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 61 Then of 
divers degrees and of divers digestion, Colours will arise 


351 


towards perfection. 1563 W. Furxe Mefeors (1640) 67 
Brasse, latine, and such like .. differ in digestion: the 
Copper being purest, is of best digestion. /7d. 68 Iron .. 
also being of too extreame digestion, passing all other 
metals in hardnes. 1594 PLat Yerell-ho. 1. 32 It [clay] 
should seeme to differ onely in digestion from marle. 1626 
Bacon Sylva § 327 We conceive..that a perfect good Con- 
coction, or Disgestion, or Maturation of some Metalls, will 
produce Gold. 164 Frencu D/stild. i, (1651) 10 Digestion, 
is a concocting, or maturation of crude things by an easie, 
and gentle heat. 1669 WortipcE Sys/. Agric. (1681) 293 
Their digestion or coagulation is more in some than in 
others. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w. ii. 307 The latter 

Minerals] seem to be Concretions and Digestions in the 
Bowels of the Earth. 

b. The operation of exposing a substance to the 
action of a liquid with the aid of heat, for the pur- 
pose of extracting the soluble constituents. 

1610 B. Jonson Adch. m1. iii, [I put the ingredients] in a 
Bolt’s-head nipp’d to digestion, 1660 Boyt New Exp, Phys. 
Mech. xxii. 164 In our Digestions and Distillations. 1757 
A. Coorer Distiller 1, v. (1760) 32 A Vessel for Digestion, 
called by chemists a pelican or circulatory Vessel. 1807 
TT. Tuomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 366 The digestion was con- 
tinued till the solution was complete. 1822 Imison Sc. & Art 
II. 19 When a solid substance. .is left for a certain time in a 
fluid, and the mixture is kept exposed to a slow degree of 
heat, the process is called digestion. 1868 Royer, etc. J/an. 
Materia Medica (ed. 5) 10 Digestion is similar to Macera- 
tion, but the action is promoted by a heat from go° to 100°, 

+6. Surg. The process of maturing an ulcer or 
wound; disposition to healthy suppuration. Ods. 

1676 WISEMAN Chirurg. Treat. 111, 1 shewed him that 
by Digestion the remaining fleshy body. .would come away. 
1689 Moye Sea Chyrurg. u. iv. 34 Prepare your fomenta- 
tion to help on digestion. 1748 Hartiry Odserv. Maz 1. 
ii. 126 Lacerations are never cured without coming to 
Digestion. 1830 S. Cooper Dict. Pract. Surg. (ed. 61374 By 
the digestion of a wound or ulcer, the old Surgeons meant 
bringing it into a state, in which it formed healthy pus. 

+7. fig. The process of maturing (plans) by careful 
consideration and deliberation. Ods. 

1671 Tempe Ess., Constit. of Empire Wks. 1731 1.86 The 
Digestion of their Counsels is made in a Senate consisting 
of Forty Counsellors. 

+8. The action of methodizing and reducing to 
order. Obs. 

1553 T. Witson X/et. 106 Digestion is an ordely placyng 
of thynges, partyng every matter severally. 

+b. The result of this process, a digested con- 
dition ; a methodical arrangement; a Dicrsr. Ods. 

1613 CHapman Kevenge Bussy D’ Ambois v, Vhe chaos of 
eternal night (To which the whole digestion of the world Is 
now returning) 1668 Hate Pref to Rolle’s Abridgm. 7 
Every Student .. may easily Form unto himself a general 
Digestion of the Law. 1754 Farro (title), Royal Universal 
British Grammar and Vocabulary, being a digestion of the 
entire English Language into its proper parts of speech. 

Digestive (didze'stiv, dai-), z.and sb. Also 6-7 
dis-.  [a. F. dzgestef, -ive (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
ad. L. digestivus, f. digest- ppl. stem of digerére to 
DIGEST : see -IVE.] A. adj. 

1. Having the function of digesting food; engaged 
in or pertaining to digestion. 

1532 Dewes /xtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1053 The sayd vege- 
table [the soul] hath in her four vertues .. the atractyve or 
appetityve, the retentyve, the digestyve, and expulsive. 1610 
Markuam Masterf. 1. vi. 16 The vertue disgestiue whereby 
it concocteth and disgesteth. 1725 N. Ropinson 7. Physick 
253 To .. raise the digestive Powers to their natural Stan- 
dard. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 23 Resting on 
a couch, until the digestive organs have recovered the 
fatigue. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 109 
The digestive cavity .. is exceedingly short. 

b. in reference to plants. 2 

1875 Darwin /usectiv. Pi, xiii. 301 Experiments .. on the 
digestive power of Drosera. 1884 Bower & Scott De 
Bary's Phaner, 100 According to this digestive function 
these organs may be termed Digestive glands. 

2. Promoting or aiding digestion ; digestible. 

1528 Paynet Salerne's Regint. Qij, Through the diges- 
tine heate of the night. 1616 B. Jonson Zfzer. ci, Digestive 
cheese, and fruit there sure will be. 1725 BrapLey Fam. 
Dict. s.v. May blossom, As to the medicinal Vertues of this 
Plant; it ..is digestive. 1760-72 tr. Yuan § Ulloa’s Voy. 
(ed. 3) I. 99 These waters are very light and digestive, and 
good to create an appetite. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 
i. 34, Digestive salt, Syn. with Chloride of Potassium. 
1881 7imes 18 May 6/1 The most digestive and nutritious 
bread, 

3. Pertaining to or promoting chemical digestion. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 287 Wanting its digéstive ferment. 
@1691 Boyte Hist. Air (1692) 210 We removed the .. re- 
ceiver, and put it on the digestive furnace. 1 De Creti 
in Phil. Trans. LXXXIX. 63 Applying only a digestive 
warmth, 1799 G. Smit Laliiatey i. 13 To submit their 
contents to a digestive heat. 

4. Promoting healthy suppuration in a wound or 
ulcer; as digestive ointment: sce B 2. 

+5. Characterized by bearing without resistance 
or in silence. Ods. j 

1608 Heywoop Sadlust’s Fugurth iii, Adherbal was .. no 
souldier, of a frolicke disposition, disgistive of injuries. 

+6. That tends to methodize and reduce to order. 

1662 DrypeN Astrva Redux 89 To business ripened by 
digestive thought, His future rule is into method brought. 

2 SO. 

1, A medicine or substance promoting digestion 
of food. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun’s Pr. T. 141 A Day or two ye schul 
have digestives Of wormes, or ye take your laxatives. 1460- 
70 Bk. Quintessence 14 And so I seie of medicyns comforta- 


DIGGER. 


tyues, bie, pens laxatyues, restriktyues, and alle obere. 
1612 Enchyr. Med. 97 Wee leaue our digestiues .. and pro- 
ceede to other medicines. 1700 DrypEn Fables, Cock § Lox 
189 These digestives prepare you for your purge. 1883 
in Syd. Soc, Lex., Digestives. 

2. A substance which promotes healthy suppura- 
tion in a wound or ulcer ; digestive ointment (Ux- 
guentum terebinthine compositum). 

1543 TRAHERON Vigo's Chirurg. (1586) 436 In Chirurgerie 
a digestive is taken for that that prepareth the mattier to 
mundification. 1582 Hester Sec. Phiorav. u. xi. gt You 
shall dresse it with a disgestiue vntill it be mundified. 1643 
J. Steer tr, Zxp, Chyrurg. xv. 62, I applyed this following 
digestive with soft plegets upon the incisions. 1737 BRACKEN 
Larricry Impr. (1757) U1. 240 The Wound requires a strong 
Digestive. 1767 Goocn Treat. Wounds 1,136 Linnen cloth, 
spread with the common Digestive. 1854-67 C. A. Harris 
Dict. Med. Terminol., Digestives, in Surgery, substances 
which, when applied to a wound or ulcer, promote suppura- 
tion. 

+3. An agent of chemical digestion. Obs. rare. 

1477 Norton Ord, Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 62 But our 
cheefe Digestiue [fx‘n¢ed -ure] for our intent, Is virtuall 
heate of the matter digerent. 

Dige'stively, a/v. [f. prec. + -Ly?.] Ina 
digestive manner; in away that promotes digestion ; 
with regard to digestion, 

1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banguet (ed, 2) 22 The act diges- 
tiuely is finished in the third digestion, _ 1857 W. CoL.ins 
Dead Secret (1861) 34 Digestively considered .. even the 
fairest and youngest of us is an Apparatus. 1885 /’ad/ Mall 
G. 6 May 4/2 Round the garden, groups pose themselves 
digestively. 

Dige'stiveness. [f. as prec. +-NEss.] The 
quality of being digestive or of aiding digestion. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Dégestiveness, digestive Faculty. 
1876 L. ‘Vottemacue in /ortn, Rev. Mar. 362 May not this 
superiority.. be due .. to the extreme digestiveness of the 
St. Moritz air? 

+ Dige'stly, adv. Sc. Obs. Also de-.  [f. 
Dicest a. + -LY 2.) Maturely, deliberately, com- 
posedly. 

1513 DouGias Af nezs 1x. v. 48 Alethes .. Onto thir wordis 
digestly maid ansueris. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) 
I. 49 Quhen thir oratouris had sene and degeistlie considerit 
this regioun. 1544 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 449 (Jam.), My .. 
lordis of parliament suld avise degestlie quhat is to be done 
herein. 1606 Sc. Acts Fas. 17 (1814) 312 (Jam.) For sindrie 
vtheris sene and proffitable caussis digestlie considerit. 

+ Digestment. 0¢s. rare—'. [f. Dicesr vz. 
+ -MENT.] The action or process of digesting ; 
methodical disposition or arrangement. 

1610 W. Fo.kincHam Art of Survey iv. Concl. 88 Com- 
pose in computable digestment all the ‘Tenants with their 
‘Tenements and Rents in particular. 

Digestor, var. form of DIGESTER. 

+ Dige'story, @.and sb. Obs. [ad. L. giges- 
tori-us, {. digest- ppl. stem of digerére to Dicest : 
see -oRY.] 

A. adj. =DIGESTIVE. 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Digestion is 
simple maturation, whereby things uncocted in artificial 
digestory heat. .is digested. 

B. sb. A vessel or organ of digestion. 

1675 Evetyn 7erra (1729) 43 Of all Waters, that which 
descends from Heaven we find to be the richest..as having 
been already meteorized, and circulated in that great Di- 
gestory. 1768-74 ‘Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 475 The whole 
human body, together with all its viscera, yea, chylopoietic 
digestories. 

+Dige'sture. Os. Also 6-7 dis-.  [f. L. 
digest- ppl. stem (see prec.) + -URE: cf. gesture.] 
The process or faculty of digesting. 

1. =DIGESTION 1, 2. 

1565 J. Harte Hist. Exfost. 21 A sanguine man is he that 
hathe a good disgesture. 1591 HarincTon Ord, Fur, xxXxt. 
Iviii. (1634) 254 To make him drink beyond all good disges- 
ture. 1615 LarHam Fadconry (1633) 41 At that time of the 
yeere, old food is more drie and hard of digesture. 1674 R. 
Goprrey /17. § Ab. Physic 128 Having contracted a Disease 
through catching Cold and want of Digesture. a 1700 G. 
Harvey (J.), Meals of easy digesture. 

2. The putting up with or brooking of anything 
unpleasant ; = DIGESTION 4. 

1566 PaintER Pal, Pleas. 11. 146 b, The lords..will thincke 
it straunge, and receyve the same with ill digesture. 1606 J. 
Raynotps Dolarny’s Print. (1880) 92 He already can The 
calmie lines with faire digesture brooke. 

Diggable (di-gabl), a. [f. Dic v. + -aBLE,] 
Capable of being digged. 

1552 Hutoet, Diggable or which may be digged, fossi/is. 
1847 Craic, Diggadde, that may be digged. 

Digger (di-ga1). [f. Dic v.+-ER.] One who 
or that which digs, 

1. One who excavates or turns up the earth with 
a mattock, spade, or other tool; also an animal 
that turns up the earth. With adverb, as digger-up. 

c 1440 Promp. Parv, 118/1 Deluar or dyggar, fossor. 1585 
J. B, tr. Vivet’s Sch. Beastes B Mo The Connies ., are such 
continuall diggers and scrapers, that they. .cleave a sunder 
and make hollow the stones and rockes, 1608 Carr. J. 
Smitrn Let. in Virginia (1624) m1. 72 Send .. gardiners, 
fisher men, blacksmiths .. and diggers vp of trees, roots, 
well provided. 1650 R. Stapytton Strada’s Low C.Warres 
x. 2 Prince Alexander .. sometimes visiting the Diggers, 
sometimes the Miners. 1723 Lond. Gaz, No. 6188/8 B. P. 
Gardiner, Digger, and Buil 175% Ramble 
No. 154 P 11 Treasures are thrown up by the ean and 
the digger. 1895 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 623 The digger-up of 
primeval bones. 


DIGGER. 
2. spec. a. A miner, especially one who works 
surface or shallow deposits. 
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 8 § x That no per- 


person or 
sons .. shall labour, dig, or wash any tin in any of the said 
tin workes, called Streme workes, vnlesse the saide digger, 
owner or w: , shall make .. sufficient hatches ties 
in the ende of their buddels and cordes [etc.]. 1570 Dee 
Math. Pref. 36 For .. Miners, Diggers for Mettalls .. any 
man may easily perceaue .. the great aide of Geometric. 
a@ 1661 Futter Worthies, Wades (R.), Fresh aire..whereby 
the candle in the mine is daily kept burning, and the diggers 
recruited constantly with a sufficiency of breath. 1661 Boy.e 
Style of Script, Ep. Ded, (1675) 6 As a homely digger may 
shew a man a rich mine. 
b. esp. One who digs or searches for gold in a 

- gold-field. 

1853 Vauiant Let. in MeCombie Hist. Victoria xvi. (1858) 
248 It caused the diggers. .to pause in their headlong career. 
1856 Emerson Exg. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 113 Like 
diggers in California ‘ prospecting for a placer’ that will 
pay. 1869 R. B. Smytu Goldfields Victoria 609 Digger .. 
applied formerly to all persons who searched for gold; and 
now generally restricted to those who seek for gold in the 
shallow alluviums, 1875 Spectator (Melbourne) 19 June 79/2 
The rough digger of the primitive era. 

ce. One of a tribe or class of N. American Indians 
who subsist chiefly on roots dug from the ground. 

1837 W. Irvine Capt. Bonneville 11.209 Sometimes the Dig- 
gers aspire to nobler game, and succeed in entrapping the 
antelope. 1848 Alackw. Mag. LXIV. 132 They came upon 
a band of miserable Indians, who, from the fact of their 
subsisting chiefly on roots, are called the Diggers. 188: 
B. Harte Cargnuines Woods vii. 154 note, Diggers, a loca’ 
name for a peaceful tribe of Indians inhabiting Northern 
California, who live on roots and herbs. 

attrib. 1865 Tytor Early /ist, Man. vii. 185 The miser- 
able ‘ Digger Indians’, of North America. 1875 F. Parkman 
in VN. Amer. Rev. CXX. 43 The abject ‘ Digger’ hordes of 
Nevada. 1882 B. Harte /7/if v, Ye might do it to please 
that digger squaw. 

da. £ng.. Hist. A section of the Levellers in 
1649, who adopted communistic principles as to 
the land, in accordance with which they began to 
dig and plant the commons. 

1649 [/xformation, dated 16 April, in Clarke Pa. (Camd. 
Soc. 1894) II. 211 One Everard and two more .. all living att 
Cobham, came to St. George's Hill in Surrey, and began to 
digge on that side the Hill next to Campe Close, and sowed 
the ground with gens and carretts, and beans]. /did. 
215 (Dec.) To his Excellency the Lord Fairfax .. the 
Brotherly Request of those that are called Diggers, sheweth, 
That whereas we have begun to digg upon the Commons 
for a livelihood, first, for the righteous law of Creation 
that gives the earth freely to one as well as another, /did. 
221 [| /he Digger's Song) You noble Diggers all, stand up 
now, stand up now.. The wast land to maintain, seeing 
Cavaliers by name, Your digging does disdaine, and person; 
all defame, Stand up now, Diggers all. 1650 NereoHam 
Case Commw.79 Vhere is a new Faction started up out of 
ours {Levellers}], known by the name of Diggers; who.. 
have framed a new plea fora Returne of all men ad Tuguria, 
that like the old Parthians..and other wild Barbarians, we 
might renounce Townes and Cities, live as Rovers, and enjoy 
all in common, a@ 1676 WuiteLocke Memorials (1853) 111. 
17. 1894 C.H. Firru in Clarke Pa. 11. 222 note, Three 
of the Diggers..were brought before the Court at Kingston 
for trespass in digging upon St. George's Hill, and infring- 
ing the rights of Mr. Drake, the Lord of the Manor, 

8. An instrument for digging, a digging tool ; 
also the digging part of a machine. Also in various 
combs. as hop-digeer, potato-digger, etc. 

1686 PLor Staffordsh. 353 They weed their Wheat ..with 
an Iron digger. 1819 é SaMouELLE Entomol. Compend. 
308 The digger is best with an arrow-headed point. 18: 
Gray Lett. (1893) 144 He presented me with a beautiful 
botanical digger of fine potest steel, with a leathern sheath. 
1861 S. Tuomson Wild FU. ut. (ed. 4) 155 A short ‘digger’ 
or hand ‘spud’, 1861 7imes11 July, As the engine travels 
slowly forward, the digger cuts and throws up the soil behind, 

4. A division of Hymenopterous insects, also 
called Digger-wasps. 

jae Carpenter Zool. § 693 The Crabronida, Labride, 
Bembecide, Sphegide, Sciolide, Mutilide ..may be termed 
from their peculiar habits... “ossores or Diggers; and the 
are commonly known as Sand and IVo0od-|Vasfs. 1871 E. ¥. 
Sravevey Brit. /nsects 203 The second division of the pre- 
dacious stinging Hymenoptera, known as Fossores, or dig- 
gers, consists of the Sand-wasps and Wood-wasps. 

5. slang. a. A spur. b. A finger-nail. ¢. A 
card of the spade suit ; dig-digger, the ace of spades 
(Farmer Slang). 

1789 G. Parker Life's Painter 173 s.v.(Farmer), 1818 
Lex Balatronicum s.v. (Farmer): Martsett Vocabu- 
Jum s.v. (Farmer), 1881 N.Y. Slang Dict, (Farmer), ‘1 
will fix my diggers in your dial-plate and turn it up with red,” 

6. Comb., as digger-pine, a N. American species 
of pine, Pinus sabiniana; digger-wasp (sce 
sense 4). 

1880 Libr. Univ, Knowl. YX, 123 The digger-wasps .. 
catch locusts .. and bury them in their nests for their newly 
hatched young. 


Riggeress (di-gorés), [f. Dicorr+-xss.] A 
ma. 


female digger; a digger’s wife, 
1864 Rocers New X u. 36 I'm tired of being a dig- 
geress, 


Digging (di-gin), v7. sb. [f. Dia v. +-ING 1.) 
1. The action of the verb to Dic, in various senses ; 
an age mephd of this. eo - nee 

‘ : . aye 
st aioumes bo apaeetoe tio, abs Jk, TAvLOR Holy 


in ? 
i i. $2 (L.) Let us not project e designs, crafty 
ee | diggings so deep that the a a an 
shall never be unfolded, 1663 Geir Counsel 25 Int 


852 


digging ing of the foundations. 1725 Braptey Fam, Dict. s.v. 
‘ew Tree, This first digging is to be done always in March. 
1738 Lanetye Short Acc. Piers Westm, Br. 27 After the 
digging the Pit.. was finished. 1891 Law Times XCII. 
106/2 He was only paid for his digging. 
b. with an adverb, 

1573 Baret AZo. D. 687 A diggin vnder, an undermining, 
suffossio. 1817 Consett Addr. Bristol Wks. XXXII. 47 
A digging and rooting up of all corruptions. 1890 Dasly 
News 4 Sept. 6/4 All digging down work should be paid for 
at the rate of 14, per hour extra. 

2. fig. The action of studying hard. U.S. 

1827-8 Harvard Reg. 312, I find my eyes in doleful case, 
By digging until midnight. 1873 W. Maruews Getting on 
xv. 244 Men of genius have seldom revealed to us how 
much of their fame was due to hard digging. 

3. concr. The materials dug out. 

1559 in Boys Sandwich (1792) 737, iij laborers vr, fog 4 
his — away. a 1626 Bacon /mpeachm. Waste (L.), He 
shall have the seasonable loppings; so he shall have season- 
able diggings of an open mine. ; 

4. A place where digging is carried on, an exca- 
vation ; in f/. (sometimes treated as a sing.) applied 
to mines, and especially to the gold-fields of Cali- 
fornia and Australia, Also with prefixed word, as 
gold-diggings, river-digeings, surface-diggings, etc. 
Dry- or wet-diggings (see quot. 1889), 

1538 Levan /¢in. I. 13 On the South side of Welleden .. 
ys a goodly quarre of Stone, wher appere great Diggyns. 
1653 Bocan Mirth Chr. Life 122 The earth. .yields a smell 
wholesome to the digger in the diggings. 1712 J. James tr. 
Le Blona’s Gardening 206 The Wall .. of one Foot thick, 
from the Bottom of the Digging, to the Level of the Ground 
above. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 1. 39 At Norton, near 
Wulpit, King Henry VIII. was induced to dig for Gold. 
He was disappointed, but the Diggings are visible at this 
Day. 18 e F. Horrman Winter in Far West xxv. 
(Bartlett) Mr. ——.. has lately struck a lead..We are now, 
you observe, among his diggings. 1839 Marryat Diary 
Amer, Ser. 1. Il. 62 The diggings as they term the places 
where the lead is found .. were about sixteen miles distant. 
1849 //lustr. Lond. News 17 Nov. 325/1 Letter from the 
Gold Diggings. 1852 Earp Gold Col. Australia 138 The 
diggings are on a creek called Araluen Creek. 1857 Bortu- 
wick California 120 (Bartlett) The principal diggings near 
Haugtown were surface diggings, but, with the exception 
of river diggings, every kind of mining was seen in full 
force. 1889 ¥. 'ARMER Americanisms, Wet-diggings and Dry- 
diggings are terms in gold districts, for mines near rivers or 
on the higher lands as the case may be. 1890 BoLpREwoov 
Miner's Right vii. 71 It was a goldfield and a diggings in 
far-away Australia. 

5. collog. in pl. Lodgings, quarters. 

1838 J. C. Neat Charcoal Sketches V1. 119 (Farmer), I 
reckon it’s about time we should go to ow diggings. 1844 
Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxi. She won't be taken with a 
cold chill when she realises what is being done in these 
diggings? 1882 Chamb, Fru. 87, 1 returned to my dig- 
gings. 1889 J. K. Jerome /hree men in Boat 187 We t 
out the hamper. .and started off to look for diggings. 

6. attrib. and Comb., as digging-machine, -spade, 
-spur, -stick; Aigging-life, life at the gold-dig- 
gings. 

1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. vi. 125 A digging spade. 
1859 Cornwatus New World 1. 120 Shafts were rn wind- 
lasses erected, and the whole paraphernalia of digging life 
called into requisition. 1865 Lusnock Preh. Times 358 The 
digging-sticks are made of a young mangrove tree. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 702/2 Digging machine (Agric.), 
a spading-machine for loosening and turning the soil. 4 
A. Smitn New Hist. Aberdeensh. 11, 1120 The next experi- 
ment was with the ‘digger’... formed by taking the mould- 
board off the plough and putting op the digging breasts. 

+ Dighel, a. Forms: 1 diezel, diezol, dyzel, 
3 dizel. [OE. déegel, -ol (:—-OTeut. *daugilo-), 
found beside déagol (:—daugolo-), =OHG. taugal, 
tougal (daugal, dougal) dark, secret: cf. ¢ougan, 
dougan concealed, secret.) Secret, obscure. 

Beowulf 2719 Hie dyzel lond warizead. axooo Be 
Domes Dage (1876) 40 pet hit ne sy dazcud pat pet dible 
was, Jbid. 135 Digzle zepancas. axago Owl § Night. 2 
Ich was..In one swipe dijele hale. ¢ 1275 Lay. 26935 Hii 
comen in one wode..in one dale deope, di3ele bihalues 
{cx20g5 dizelen bihalues). 

Hence Di‘ghelliche, (also dihlice, 
dizeliche, dieliche) adv., secretly ; Di-ghelness 
(dijzelnesse, dihelness), secrecy; also Dighen- 
lich a. [cf. OHG. tougan), secret; Dighenliche 
adv., secretly. 

¢ 893 treed Ores, u1.i. § 5 Purh Godes diexelnessa Jbid. 
vi. xxl, He weard diegellice cristen, ¢96x ZEruetwoip Kule 
St. Benet (1885) 134 Swadihlice wuniende. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gos. 
Matt. xiii. 35 Ic bedi e digelnesse. a1200 Winteney Rule 
St. Benet xxvii. (1888) Hi3 scullan oft dihlice ealde 
witan .. sendan, ¢ 1200 


fort he open fint, and dizeliche sm inne. 
prod, Aw 550% Fall wel tunnderrstanndenn all pe 
boc in Godees ies Pe deope dizhellness. ¢ Lay. 415 


Assaracus hit redde mid dizenliche runen, fe 13539 
Ford riht faren we him to, dizelliche & stille. a 122g S¢. 
Marher. 16 To understonden so derne ping ant so derf, of 

es dihelnesse. ica j tinge 6659 Dizenliche [1205 du3e- 
che} hine bi-witie, is name deorne, 

Dighere, obs. form of Dyer. 

Dight (doit), v. Now arch, and dial. Forms: 
I diht-an, 2-3 diht-en, 3-4 di3t-e(n, (4 dyghte, 
dizt, dizth, 4-5 dyht, dizte), 4-6 dighte (5 
dyte, dyth, 5-7 dite, 6 dyght), 4- dight ( 
Sc. dicht, 8-9 north. dial. deeght, deet). Pa, t. 
1 dihte, dihtode, 2-4 dihte, dizte, 4 dizted, 
-id, 4-5 di3t, dy3t, 4- dight (6- Se. dichtit). 


in. Coll, Hom. iets He seched | 


DIGHT. 
Pa, dih’ i — 
Sadly cet Sat Ges 


ictare to dictate, com in language 
appoint, prescribe, order, jn nan to write, com. 
pose a speech, letter, etc.: see DictaTev. Parallel 
forms are OHG. dihtén, tihtin, tictén, thictén to 
write, compose, MIIG. ¢¢hten, dichten, to write, 
compose, invent, contrive, mod.G. dich/en to com- 
pose verses or poetry, MLG. dichten to compose, 
institute, contrive, set (oneself), LG. dichten, digten 
to versify, invent, contrive, think out, MDu. dichten 
to compose (in writing), contrive, institute, prepare, 
mod.Du. dichten to invent, compose, versify ; also 
Icel. dékta to compose or write in Latin, to write 
a romance, to romance, lie, Sw. dik/a to feign, 
fable, Da. digte to make poems (from Ger.). e 
mutual relations of the OE., OHG., and Norse 
words are not quite clear; but the difference of 
formation between OE. dihtan:—*dihtjan, and 
ONG. téhtén v :—*dihtijan, indicates that they are 
independent adoptions of the Latin, although the 
change of d to ¢ shows that the word is old in 
German. The Norse word must be of later adoption : 
if it were old, the expected form would be *dét/a. 

From the senses of literary dictation and compo- 
sition in which it was originally used, this verb 
received in ME. an extraordinary sense-develop- 
ment, so as to be one of the most widely used 
words in the language. Special er , of 
these ME. senses, survive dialectally, esp. in the 
north; the modern literary language knows the 
pa. age dight, which after being nearly obsolete 
in the 18th c., has been largely taken up again 
by poets and romantic writers of the 19th c. in 
senses 10,14. (In MHG. dichien had also a much 
greater development of meaning than in mod. 
German.)] 

I. To dictate, appoint, ordain, order, dispose of, 
deal with, treat. 

+1. trans. To dictate, give directions to, direct. 
Obs. (Only in OE.) 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 16 Da ferdon endlufun 
leorning-cnibtas on pone munt, per se halynd dihte. 
c 1000 AELFRIC Gen. xvi. Krai fay swa swa him dyhte 
Sarai. /bid. xxxix. 23 bribten ..dihte him hwat he 
don sceolde. c¢ 1000 — On O. Test. (in Sweet A. S. Reader 
60) Moyses awrat..swa swa him God silf dihte on heora 
sundersprece. . 

+2. To say ordain. Oés. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxii. 29 Ic eow dihte swa min faeder 
me rice dihte. ms | Leg. Kath, 1606 Pe deore drihtin 
haued idtht ow ba pe blisfule crune of his icorene. a@ 
Cursor M. 9369 (Cott.) How pe fader of heuen Dight hi 
dere sun to send, c¢ 139° R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 127 Pat 
Steuen to dede was dight. 1 He made pe 
wordle an ordaynede [v.7. di3te 
7795 Pe ioyes sere Pat God has 
¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7'roylus ww. 1160 (1188) Ther as be dom of 
Mynos wolde it dyghte. a 1400 Pistill of Susan 267, 1 am 
deolfolich dam; , and to dep diht. 1400 Afol. 1. 60 
A iuge is seid ply aprnee Ao hod iy ag 14.. 4. E Mise. 
pk hee Club) 12 A dredefulle payne is for me dy3te. 1558 

ill of Willyson (Somerset Ho.), Consyderyng y* death to 
every man is dight. Be Scott Marm. 1. vi, 
legend bore aright, ‘Who checks at me, to death is dight.’] 
+38. To order, keep in order, manage, govern, 
ree londeidiht,._78id. ya20 Hh 
Lay. 6848 a fe e 
mabets pare tAlender fe dinesd pane mone bbe er. Zbad. 
seeen a setten heo biscopes Pan folken to dihten. yg 
Hali Me us 
aor I Engelond 
ee we te kn; 
AYA “A lexins (Laud oa 28 Reli 
Yargoo Chester Pl, 
Bethlem shall be 


Ayenb. 7 He 
babe gated I Conse. 
° pare and dyght. 


c 
¢ says [bid ss007 Pine he vs diht to-day a soueniht. a 1300 


sone hast dyghte?_ ¢ Lanfrane’s Ci: 
Fat a litil tyme 3itt pou muste have good kun- 
witt for to dizte it wel. et et wl 
emen. . tHe 
la: 1513 DouGLas 


what a manner, all to torne, his cruell Dogs him dyght. 
B. Discolliminium 52, I feare.also at length some or 

other will come and dight us to purpose. 
+b. spec. To have to do with sexually. Oés. 
1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 398 Al my walkynge out 
nyghte Was for per wenches pat he dighte. Jdid. 
Lete hir lecchour dighte hire al the nyght. ¢ _ — Man- 
ciple’s T. 208, 1393 Lanct. P. Pz. C.1. 27 In hus dronke- 
nesse a day hus tres he [Lot] dighte And lay by hem 


+5. To dispose, mas iy ee Obs. 


R.G \ 8 now 3oure my3te, How 
je mow pis oe tobe schip dy3te. a typo Cursor Mf, 


DIGHT. 


17312 (Cott.) Quy Blame 3e me .. for I aman in graf di3t, Ina 
toumb pat was myn awen? 1340 Ayend, 210 Alle po3tes 
ulessliche and wordleliche me sse! one uram pe herte pet 
wyle god bidde. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 270 Whan he was 
to de dight. c1450 S?. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6612 On be 
pament pai it dyght. /é¢d. 7138 Pe thrid in tughall pai baim 
dyght. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 524 The deid corpis in 
tha flang; And syne kest on the muldis on the clay, The 
grene erd syne, and dycht the laif away. : 
+b. fig. To put into a specified state or condi- 
tion ; esp. in to dight to death, to put to death, kill, 


slay (see also 2). Ods. 
13.. EZ. £. Allit. P, B. 1266 Di3zten dekenes to debe, 


dungen doun clerkkes. ¢ 1340 Cursor AL, 18043 (Trin.) Pat 
dede from dep to lif he dizt. 1393 Gower Conf II. 145 Ha, 
to what peine she is dight. 1415 0. Poems (Rolls) IL. 125 


Thorow hem many on to deth were dyght. 1460 Lybeaus 
Disc. 1719 To dethe they wyll her dyghte. c1470 Henry 
Wallace w. 68 Your selff sone syne to dede thai think to 
dycht. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 13 Bold Theseus 
to cruel death him dight. 1586 J. Hooker Giradd. /rel. in 
Holinshed 1. 179/2 The earle would haue .. dighted the 
lord gouernour and all the garisons to greater troubles. 
1664 Floddan F, viii. 78 For unto death till we be dight 
I promise here to take thy part. 1817 Scorr Harold the 
Dauntless vi. vi, Still in the posture as to death when dight. 

+c. With inverted construction: To cause, bring 
about, inflict (death). Ods. 

1 Elegy Edw, I, i, A stounde herkneth to my song, 
Of'dael that Deth hath diht us newe. ¢1350 idl. Palerne 
151 Hire deth was nei3 di3t. c1g00 Destr. 7 roy 9558 Myche 
dole is vs dight to-day. «1450 Cov. ALyst. 265 On of 30u is 

my dethe here to dyth. ©1478 Partenay 3444 YF 
atwixst his handis he hym haue myght, He wold make hym 
ende, And shameuous deth dight ! 
II. To compose, construct, make, do, 

+6. To compose (with words) ; to set down in 
writing. Ods. 

c 1000 AELFric Life Oswold in Sweet A. S. Reader (1879) 
102 Nu eweb se halga Beda, de das boc gedihte. c 1205 Lay. 
3150 He letten writen a writ & wel hit lette dihten. ¢ 1275 
Tbid. 20669 Nis hit in none boke idiht Pat euere her were 
soch fiht. c1425 Hazmpole's Psalter Metr. Pref. 48 Whos 
wol it write, I rede hym rygth, wryte on warly lyne be lyne, 
And make no more pen here is dygth. a1440 Sir Degrev. 
153 A lettre has he dyght. 

+7. To compose, put together, frame, construct, 
make. Ods. 


a317§ Cott, Hom. 233 He alle 3esceop, and all dihte 
wid-ute swince. c1200 Trin. Coll, Hom. 25 Ure fader in 
heuene feide be lemes to ure licame .. and swo di3eliche 
~ hit al dihte, pat on elche feinge is hem onsene, ¢ r205 Lay. 
23532 Walles heo gunnen rihten, ba 3eten heo gunnen 
dihten, a 1300 Cursor M, 1665 (Cott.), A schippe be-houes 
pe to dight. dd. 12388 (Cott.) Plogh and haru cuth he 
dight. 1340 did. 23216 (Trin.) No more .. ben peynted 
fire .. bat on a wal bi mon were di3t. c¢1r400 Maunpev. 
(1839) vi. 70 The place..is fulle well dyghte of Marble. 
¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 509 Nygh thi bestes dight A fire 
in colde. 1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1, ii. 72 Hee dight 
himselfe a triple crowne, 

+b. To perform, do. Ods. 

c120§ Lay. 15513 Fulle preo nihten heore craftes heo 
dihten. c1460 ig Sacram. 849 Alas y* euer thys dede 
was dyght. PENSER F, Q, v. ii, 18 Curst the hand 
which did that vengeance on him dight. 

II. To put in order, array, dress, direct, pre- 

pare, make ready, or proper. 

+ 8. To put or place in order, to set in array, to 
array; to arrange. Ods. 

¢1z05 Lay. 20563 Howel sculde dihten britti pusend 
cnihten, /did. 27337 Pa bas ferde wes al idiht, ba wes hit 
dai-liht. c¢ 1390 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 2 A hede, pat vs 
to werre can dight. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 565 His men in 
hy he , oe be dycht. ?a1500 Merline 1784 in Furniv. Percy 

olio 1. 477 All they can out ryde, & dighten them without 
fayle to giue Sir Vortiger battayle. [82x Joanna Batti 

et. Leg., Wallace \xi, Were with their leader dight.] 

9. To equip, fit out, furnish (wth what is needed), 

In later use blending with sense 10: which see as to the 
modern use of the pa.pple in romantic language. 

c1205 Lay. 15104 ile scip he dihte mid ese hundred 
cni{h]ten, @1300 Cursor M. 24807 (Edin.), Wit tresori his 
schip was diht. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 617 
Do dight a schip wip sail & ore Ryght as pou a marchaund 
wore. Capcrave Chron. 33 Nyne hundred cartis dith 
with hokis of yrun. 1470-85 Matory Arthur nu. xv, He 
entryd in to a chambyr that was merueillously wel dy3te 


and rychely. 1555 App. Parker Ps. li. 149 Wyth sacrifice 
of calfe and cow, they shall thyne aulters dyght. 1590 
Spenser F, Q. 1. iv. 6 The hall.. With rich array and 


costly arras dight. 1805 Scorr Last Minstr.1. vi, Why do 

these steeds stand ready dight? /é/d.v. xxvii, In Sir William’s 

armour dight, Stolen by his Page, while slept the knight. 
+b. With inverse constr.: To fit (some equip- 


ment) ¢o or upon. (Cf. 10b.) Obs. or arch. 


©1475 Rauf Coilzear 677 With Dosouris to the duris dicht. 
ie . H, Wappect Ps. xly. 3 Dicht yer swurd ontil yer 
thie. 


10. To clothe, dress, array, deck, adorn (7, and 
Jig.). + To dight naked, to undress, strip. 
Boe pees pee = the pee dight efor by Sir Walter 
ott, and in later poetic and romantic lan, : it appears 
to be often taken as an archaic form of a “ 
¢x200 Trin. Coll, Hon. 87 Clensed of fule sinnes, and 
diht mid lodlesnesse. a 1300 Cursor M. 24552 (Edin.), Pan 
nicodem.. Wit Iosep Bee om 
Tars 848 The soudan dihte him naked anon. ¢1340 Cursor 
M, 2249 (Fairf.), pai dight ham in pat tide wip hors skynnys 
and camel hide. 1388 Wyctir /sa. xl. 19 A worchere in 
siluer schal dizte it with platis of siluer. a@1q50 Avt. de 
ta Tour (1868) 69 The oe that she dite so her selff with. 
1530 Patscr. 516/1 A foule woman rychly dyght semeth 
fayre by candell lyght. 1579 Spenser Sheph, Cal. Jan. 22 
y syames r wie with Daffadillies dight. 1596 — 7. Q. 
oL, s 


cors to diht. ¢1330 King of | 


| 


353 


Iv. x. 38 Damzels in soft linnen dight. 1600 Hottanp Livy 
ut. vi. 48 Dight [decoratus] in our roiall ensignes and orna- 
ments. 1632 Mitton L’Adlegro 62 The clouds in thousand 
liveries dight. 1632 — Penseroso 159 Storied windows richl 
dight Casting a dim religious light. 1632 MassincEer 
Fietp Fatal Dowry iv. i, To see a young, fair, handsome 
beauty unhandsomely dighted and incongruently accoutred. 
1663 Butter Hud. 1. ili. 928 Just so the proud insulting 
Lass Array’d and dighted Hudibras. 1808 Scorr Mar. 
vi. Introd. iii, But, O! what maskers richly dight. 1817 
Worpsw. Vernal Ode i, All the fields with freshest green 
were dight. a@1845 Baruam /ngol. Leg., Wedding-day, 
There stand the village maids dight in white. 1887 Bowen 
Virg, Aéneid uu, 517 Orion, in golden panoply dight. 

b. With inverse constr.: To put on (armour, 
apparel, etc.). (A Spenserian use.) 

1590 SpensER J. Q. 1. vii. 8 Ere he could his armour on 
him dight. 15390 — Muiopotmos 91 His shinie wings .. he 
did about him dight. 1591 — 4/7, Hubberd 1279 Tho on 
his head his dreadfull hat he dight. 1654 Gayton Pleas. 
Notes u. vi. 59 She straightway dight her robes. 

+e. To dress (a wound); to attend to as a 
surgeon or ‘leech’. Oés. 

©1340 Cursor M. 14064 (Fairf.), Ho hir oynement me bo3t 
& diz3t bar-wib my fote & shank. 1464 AZaun. §& Housch. 
Exp. 246 To Watkyn the Kynggys horseleche, ffor dytynge 
my masterys horsses iij.s. ilij.d. 1467 /did. 423 My wyffe 
poe to a schorgon, fore dytenge ethene wane he was 

orte, xij.d. cxgo0o Spir. Remedies in Halliwell Nagae 
Poet. 64 My..woundys.. bene .. depe .. Her smertyng 
wylle nat suffre me to slepe, Tylle a leche with dewte 
have theme dyght. 1533 BELLENDEN Livy u. (1822) 136 
He deceissit sone eftir that his wound wes dicht. 

d. trontcally. To dirty, befoul. dad. 

1632 Marmion Holland's Leaguer 1. ii, Straight we shall 
fall Into a lake that will foully dight us. 1674 Ray WC. 
Words 14 To Dight: Cheshire to foule or dirty one. 1869 
Lonsdale Gloss., Deet, to dirty. 1877 N. II. Linc. Gloss. 
s.v., Thy han’s is strange an’ dighted up wi’ dirt. 

+11. To make ready, get ready (a person): 
chiefly ref. to make oneself ready, prepare, set, or 
address oneself (40 do something’. Ods. 

c 1208 Lay. 12429 Seodde heo heom dihten to bi-witen ba 
dich mid cnihten. _@1300 Cursor AT. 11179 (Cott.), loseph 
dight him for to ga To bethleem, 1375 Cantic. de Creatione 
in Anglia I. 303 etc., Eue dizte here to childyng. c 1400 
Destr, Troy 8636 The dethe of pat Duke he dight hym to 
venge. c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 289 Lat dyght messangers 3are 
Aftir hym for to fare. a1gso Christis Kirke Gr. ii, To ae 
thir damysellis thame dicht. ?1591 C’ress Pemproker Dole- 
Jull Lay Clorinda 105 in Spenser Astroph., Full many other 
moe... Gan dight themselves t’ express their inward woe 
With doleful lays. 1596 Spenser /.Q. v1 ii. 18 He. .straight 
bids him dight Himself to yeeld his Love. 

+12. ref. To direct oneself or one’s way; to 
make one’s way, repair, go. Obs. 

a 1300 Cursor AI, 10551 (Gott.', Quen pis angel away was 
diht, Tua men per cam were clad in quiht. c¢1330 R. 
Brunne Chron, (1810) 113 Sipen [he] dight him to Scotland. 
¢1386 Cuaucer Monk's Prol, 26 And out at dore anon 
I moot me dighte. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy iv. xxix, To- 
warde Troye your way was not dyght. c1450 St, Cuthbert 
(Surtees) 788 ‘Io pe currok bai paim dyght. 1596 Spenser 
F. Q. 1v.1.. 16 They both uprose and to their waies them 
gight. Ibid. v. iv. 43 She fiercely towards him her self gan 

ight. 

+13. trans. To direct, address, proffer, offer. 
Obs. rare. 

@1300 Cursor AT, 13990 (Cott.) Ful fair seruis symon him 
dight, Als was to suilk a lauerding right. 1393 Gower 
Conf. II. 173 Goddes..To whom ful great honour they 
dighten. 1568 T. Howett Ard. Amutie (1879) 46 Hir 
wylling helpe she dightes. 

4. To prepare, make ready for use or for a 
purpose; a. in general sense, (Revived in poetic 
and romantic use.) 

a1325 Prose Psalter Song of Simeon, For myn e3en 
sezen pyn hele, Pe which pou di3ted to-fore be face of alle 
folkes. ¢1340 Cursor AI, 13767 (Fairf.), Per-in was angels 
wont to lizt and pat ilk water diz3t. ¢1g00 Rom, Rose 4240 
A nyght His instrumentis wolde he dight, For to blowe 
& make sowne. ¢1420 Padllad. on Husb. 1. 1123 Grounden 
shelles dight With flour’of lyme. c1440 Promp. Parv. 
123/2 Dyhtyn’, parvo, preparo. 1476 Plumpton Corr. 36 
As for the cloth of my ladies, Hen. Cloughe putt it to a 
shereman to dight. 1520 Lanc. Wills Il, 11 My okie yt 


is sponne, to dyght it and make in cloth. 1590 SPENSER 
FF ¢. ul, xi. 2 Alma. .to her guestes doth bounteous banket 
di Datrymece tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. 1. 94 Thay 


t. F, 

take the sa meklewame of ane slain ox, thay turne and 
dicht it, thay fill it partlie with water partlie with flesche. 
1609 SkENE Reg. Maj. 127 And gif they dicht, or prepair 
the flesh not well, they sall restore the skaith to the awner 
of the beast. 1613 Beaum. & Fi. Coxcomb w. iii, Have a 
care you dight things handsomely. 1821 Joanna Battie 
Met. Leg., Elder Tree xxv, To dight him for earth or 
heaven, 1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) II. v. i. 272 Haste 
and let the meal be dighted ’Neath the garden’s blooming 
trees. oat d Morais Odyss. tv. 768 This Coun of the many 
wooers dights the wedding for us then. 

In specific senses : +b. To prepare, make ready 
(food, a meal); to cook; to prepare or mix (a 
potion or medicine). Ods. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 24398 (Cott.) Pai did him dight a bitter 
drink, ..of gall of aissil graid. c13z0 R, Brunne Medit. 49 


Pe soper was dy3t as y herd sey. ¢x400 Maunpev, (Roxb.) 
xiv. 64 For pai hafe lytill wode, bai dight pbaire mete 
Noble Bk. 


with dung of bestez dried at pe sonne. 14.. 

Cookry (Napier 1882) 96 To dight a pik in sauce. 1459 
Corpus Christi Coll. Contract in Willis & Clark Cambridge 
(1886) I. 259 His mete to be dyght in the kechyn at there 
costis, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 68/1 She slewe a_paske 
lambe..and dighted and sette it to fore hym, 1535 Cover- 
DALE Gen, xxv. 29 And Jacob dight a meace of meate. 
1 Esdras i, 12 As for the thank offeringes & the other, they 


DIGHTER. 


dight them in kettels & pottes. 1561 Hoitypusn Howe. 
Afoth, 20 Chap it smal and dight it lyke a thycke potage. 
@1569 KincesmyLt Godly Advise (1580) 2 The fine cooke 
men dight the rude morsell with some conceite of their 
cunning. 1721 Ketty Sc. Prov. 12 (Jam.) A friend’s dinner 
is soon dight. : 

e. To repair, put to rights, put in order (what 
is out of order). Now déad. 

@1300 Cursor M. 19755 (Cott.) ‘ Rise’, he said, ‘bi bedd 
pou dight’. c14g0 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 2570 With in thre 
days all hale dyght. 1580 Vestry Bhs, (Surtees) 121 Item 
paid to Thomas Sim for dighting the leads, iiijd. [187 
N. IW. Linc. Gloss., Dight up, to repair, put in order, 7 
mun hev these yates an’ stowps dighted up afore th’ steward 
comes ’.] 

d. To polish or burnish up so as to fit for use; 
to cleanse from rust, or the like. Ods. or dad. 

a1400 Cuaucer Rom. Rose 941 Arowis .. shaven wel and 

dight. c1ge0 Debate Carp. Tools, Halliwell Nugae Poet. 
15, I schalle rube, with all my myght, My mayster tolys for 
to dyght. 1513 Douctas vers vi. vii. 133 Ane part 
polyst, burnyst weill and dycht. 1532-33 Christ’s Coll. Audit- 
Bk, in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 206 Item payd 
..for dyghtyng the egle and candyllstykkes x". 1535 Cover- 
DALE Baruch vi. 22 Excepte some body dight off their rust, 
they wil geue no shyne. 1536 BELLENDEN Cvon. Scot. (1821) 
I, Proheme p. xii, And dois the saule fra all corruption dicht. 
a1605 Montcomerte Misc. Poems xii. 34 All curageous 
knichtis Againis the day dichtis The breist plate that bright 
is To feght with thair fone. 1674-91 Ray NV. C. Words 140 
To Deeght, Extergere, mundare. a1774 FerGusson Povms 
(1789) II. 69 (Jam.), Wi mason’s chissel dichted neat. 1825- 
80 JAMIESON s. v., The act of smoothing a piece of wood by 
means of a plane is called ‘ dichting a deal’, 

e. ‘lo winnow, so as to separate the clean corn 
from the chaff and other refuse. .Sc. and 207th. dial. 

c1611 CHAPMAN /@iad v. 498 And as, in sacred floors of 

barns, upon corn-winnowers flies The chaff, driven with an 
opposite wind, when yellow Ceres dites. 1618 — Hesiod u. 
343 To dight the sacred gift of Ceres’ hand, In some place 
windy, on a well-plan’d floor. 1619 Naworth Housch, Bhs. 
gt For threshing and dighting v bushells and a peck of 
wheat. 1786 Burns Adar. Unco Guid, heading, The cleanest 
corn that e’er was dight May hae some pyles o’ caff in. 
1801 Jo. Hoce Poems 104 (Jam.' That it was lawful, just, 
an’ right Wi’ windasses folk’s corn to dight. 1808 R. 
Anperson Cumberld, Ball, 72 Vll ax his wark, an muck 
the byres, Or deet, an thresh the cworn, 1816 Scorr Odd 
Mort. vii, A new-fangled machine for dighting the corn frae 
the chaff. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss. Deet, deeght, to winnow or 
dress corn. JZod. Sc. (Roxb.) Dichtin’ in the barn wi’ the 
windasses is a dusty job. 

f. To wipe clean or dry. Sc. and north Eng. 
dial. 

1681 Cotvit Whigs Supplic. (1751) 120 With his hanker- 
chief he dights off 'l'ears from his eyes. 1724 Ramsay 7va-t. 
Misc. (1733) 1.8 He dighted his gab, and he pri’d her mou’. 
1728 — Anacreontic on Love 21, 1 .. Dighted his face, his 
handies thow’d. a 1803 Douglas Trag. viii. in Child Bad. 
dads (1882) 1. 101/1 She’s taen out her handkerchief, .. And 
aye she dighted her father’s bloody wounds. 1816 Scorr. 
Old Mort. x\, Morton. .underwent a rebuke for not ‘dight- 
ing his shune’, 1830 Gatt Lawrie 7. vil. iii, (1849) 327 She 
may dight her neb and flee up. 1878 Cuaudbld. Gloss., Deet, 
deeght, to wipe or make clean. 1892 Northuimdbld. Gloss. 
Mod. Sc. Dicht the table before you set anything on it. 
Take a cloth and dicht it up. 

+15. To ‘dress’ in husbandry (vines, land, etc.) ; 
to cultivate, till, or attend to (plants, crops, etc.). 

¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxii. 103 Pe whilk telez pe land 
and dightez vynes. ¢1420 Padlad, on Hush. 1. 81 Yf the 
vyne is dight with mannes hond. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. 
de W.) 11. xiv. 149/2 Yf corn or grasse be in the felde & 
sholde be lorne but it were dyght & gadred, it is lefull in 
the holy dayes to saueit. 1532 Herver Xenophon's Househ, 
(1768) 78 The ground that is well tylled and dyght, wyll 
coste moche more money. 1867 Martet Gr. Forest 46 It 

roweth in waterie places and those softlye dighted and 
anked about. 

916. To lift, raise. 
Spenser.) 

1590 SPENSER FQ. 1. viii, 18 With which his hideous club 
aloft he dights. 

Hence + Dight, dighted, A//. a. Obs. 

1422 tr. Secreta Secret. Priv. Priv. 165 Put ber_ynne 
of be forsayd dightyd hony thre Rotes. 1535 Cover- 
DALE Yer. xxxvii. 21 To be geuen him a cake of bred, and 
els no dighte meate. 1569 I/7//s § nv. N. C, (Surtees 
1835) 310 Eight dight calffe skinnes v*. 

Dight, sd. da’. In Sc. dicht. [f. Dicnt v.] 
A wipe, a rub in order to clean or dry: see 


Dicur zv. 

1887 in Donatpson Suppl. Famieson. 1889 J. M. Barrie 
Window in Thrums iii, ‘For mercy's sake, mother’, said 
Leeby, ‘gie yer face a dicht, an’ put on a clean mutch’. 

b. (See quot.) 

1890 Glouc. Gloss., Dight, ‘a dight of a body’, a proud 
thing: of a woman. 

+ Dight, adv. Obs. rare. Properly, fitly. 

a1800 Lord Randal 66 (Child Badlads 1864 11. 25) The 
birdie sat on the crap o’ a tree, And I wat it sang fu’ dight, 


(An erroneous use by 


— (dai'tar). Obs. exc. dial. [OE. dzhtere, 
f. dihtan to dictate, etc.: see DicHT. Corresp. to 


MUG. dihtwere, téhter, writer, poet, Ger. dichter 
poet.] One who dights, in various senses of the 
verb: a. A composer, author, director, ruler, pre- 
parer ; a winnower. b. A winnowing machine. — 
axo00 St. Guthlac Prol. (Goodw. 4) Ic write swa me da 
dihteras seedon de his lif..cudon. ¢ 1000 AELFric Gloss. in 
Wr.-Wiilcker 140/21 Commentator, expositor, dihtere. 1340 
Ayenb, 100 Efterward zeppe pet he ys uader, he is di3tere 
and gouernour and leg Se his mayné. ¢1537 Thersytes 
in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 422 David Doughty, aT dates. 


DIGHTING. 


1598 Fiorio, Prestatore, a prouider, a dighter, a vsurer. 
e¢x61r Carman /liad vy. The +. Which all the 
diters’ feet, legs, arms, their heads and shoulders whites. 
1805 A. Scorr Poems, aigieing of Barley 69 \Jam.) The 
floating atoms did appear, To dab the dighters over. 1892 
Northumbild. Gloss., Dighter, a winnower 
winnowing machine. 
hting (deitin), vd/. sb. [f. Dicur v.] 

1. The action of the verb Dicut, in various 
senses; putting in order, arraying, dressing, pre- 
paring, repairing ; winnowing (of corn); wiping. 

1340 Ayend, 24 Pe diztinge of his house. /did. 47 Levedi 
of uaire’diztinge. 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xv. (Gibbs 
MS.) 38 Pere is no yly mete so lykynge to me as pat is 
of hyre dyghtynge. 1450 Churchw. Acc. Walberswick, Su/f- 


ofcorn, Alsoa 


Solk (Nichols 179) 188 For dityng of the belles. 1458 © 


Churchw. Acc. St. Andrew's, East Cheap in Brit. Mas. 
XXXI. 249 Item, paied to a laborer for dightyng of the 


Churchawe, .> 1464 Mann, §& Househ. Exp. Eng. 274 
To hg iggdem ore for dytynge of a gowne of my ladyis, 
_xxiij.d. 1535 Coverpace /zek. xxi. 11 He hath put his 


swearde to y* dightinge. 1567 Martet Gr. Forest Introd., 
Things..of Natures tempering and dighting. 161 FLorio, 
Accéncio, a dighting, a making fit or readie. a1774 Fer- 
cusson Farmer's Ingle Poems (1845) 35 When. .lusty lassies 
at the dightin tire. ; i 

2. concr.( pl.) +a. That with which something 
is dighted; fittings. Os. b. The winnowings or 
siftings of corn; refuse in general. dial. 

1598 Forio, Corrédi, ornaments, equipage. . furnitures, or 
dightings. 1768 Ross //e/enore 35 Had my father sought 
the warld round, Till he the very dightings o’t had found. 
1808 JAMIESON s.v., 1. Refuse, of whatever kind. 2. The 
refuse of corn, after sifting, given to horses or cattle. 


+ Dightly, adv. Obs. [f. Dicut ffl. a. +-LY2.] 
In a well-equipped manner, fitly. 

¢ 1633 T. Apams Pract. IW’ks. (1861) I. 27 (D.) Grounds full 
stocked, houses dightly furnished, purses richly stuffed, 

Digit (di-dzit), sd. [ad. L. dégit-us finger.] 

1. One of the five terminal divisions of the hand 
or foot; a finger or toc. a. In ordinary language, 
a finger. Now only humorous or affected. 

1644 Butwer Chirol. Aiijb, Where every Digit dictates 
and doth reach Unto our sense a mouth-excelling speech. 
1677 W. Husparp Narrative Postcr. 10 They had dis- 
membred one hand of all its digits. 1864 Sata in Dai/y 
Tel. 21 Nov., Why should they spoil their pretty digits with 
thimble and housewife? 

b. Zool. and Comp. Anat, (The proper term.) 

1802 Med. ¥rni. VILL. 283 We find among reptiles, all the 
combinations of digits, from five to one, taken between two 
pairs of hands or claws. 1854 Owen Skeleton in Cire. Sc., 
Organ, Nat. 1. 219 In the marine chelonia the digits of both 
limbs are elongated. 1870 Ro.Leston Anim. Life 17 In 
the foot the fifth or outer digit is never present. 1881 
Mivart Cat 285 The special organ of touch is the skin, 
above all the skin of the muzzle, tongue, and digits. 

2. The breadth of a finger used as a measure ; 
a finger’s breadth, three-quarters of an inch. Some- 
times used as=an inch. 

The Roman digitus was 4 of the foot (pes) =o-728 of an 
inch, or 18-5 millimeters, 

a 1633 Austin AMedit, (1635) 108 The Inch (or digit,) the 
Palme, the Foote .. are (all) Measures, which wee carry in 
our Bodie. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. viii. 195 A cubit 
contains, according to Heron, a Foot and halfe, or 24 Digits. 
1649 G. Daniet Trinarch., Hen. V, ccliv, "Tis. .farre beyond 
our Skill To measure out by Digits, Harrie’s fame. 1669 
Boyce Contn, New. Exp. i. (1682) 5 When... the Mercury 
in the Tube... descends to the height of 29 Digits (I take 
Digits for Inches throughout all this Tract). 1807 Rosinson 
Archeol. Greca Wi, xx. 321 A certain round plate three or 
four digits (or between two and three inches) thick. 1864 
H. Spencer /llustr. Univ. Progr. 161 The Egyptian cubit 
..was divided into digits, which were finger-breadths. 

3. Arith. Each of the numerals below ten (ori- 
ginally counted on the fingers), expressed in the 
Arabic notation by one figure ; any of the nine, or 
(including the cipher, 0) ten Arabic figures. 

[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxiii. (1495) 923 Eche 
symple nombre byneth ten is Digitus : and ten is the fyrst 
Articulus.] ¢1425 Craft Nombrynge(E. E. T. S.) 3 Pere ben 
thre spices of nombur. Oone is a digit, Anober is an Articul, 
& pe tober a Composyt. 1542 Recorpe Gr. Artes (1575) 53 
A Digit is any number vnder 10. 1646 Six T, Browne 


354 


+ Digit, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. sb.: cf L. 
digito aD to point out with the finger.] 
trans. To point at with the finger; to point out, 
indicate, 

Lemp od Ferruam Resolves 1. xxviii. 48, I shall never care 
to be digited, with a That is he. = Brit, Apolla No. 107. 
2/2 A most Pathetic Emblem this, To Digit out the Surest 


Bliss. 

Digital (di-dzital), a. and sb. [ad. L. digitalis 
of or belonging to the finger, f. digit-us a finger, 
Dierr. Cf. F. digital (1545 in Hatz.-Darm.)] 

A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to a finger, or to 
the fingers or digits. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Digital, pertaining to a finger. 
1783 Anat, Dial. v. (ed. 2) 285 At the ends of the fingers 
these digital arteries..unite. 1802-25 Syp. Smitu Ess, (ed. 
Beeton) 77 Here are 160 hours employed in the mere digital 

rocess of turning over leaves! 1840 G. Eitis Anat, 410 
The digital nerves of the superficial branch of the ulnar are 
two. 1874 Athenaeum 30 May, A lady, with an unparalleled 


| “fs of digital dexterity. 


. Resembling a digit or finger or the hollow im- 


| pression made by one: applied in Anat. to various 


parts or organs, 

Digital cavity, the posterior corner of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain. Digital fossa, a pit-like depression on the 
thigh-bone, where five muscles are inserted : see quot. 1855. 


| Digital impressions: see quot. 1883. 


1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 428 The Digital Cavity or 
Posterior Horn is entirely lined by medullary substance. 
1855 Hotpen Hum. Osteol. (1878) 195 Behind the neck of 
the femur, and beneath the projecting angle of the trochanter 
major, is a deep excavation called the digital fossa, 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Digital impressions, the grooves on the 
inner surface of the cranial bones which correspond to the 
convolutions of the brain ; so called from their shape. 

3. Having digits ; hence digttal-footed. 

1833 Sir C. Bett Hand (1834) 98 There are some very rare 
instances of a horse having digital extremities. 1 ir S. 
Frrcuson Ogham Luscript. 148 The digital feet unite these 
.. examples with other symbolisms .. Here also are found 
digital-footed equine figures. 

B. sé. +1. =Driair sé. 3. Obs. 

c1430 Art Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 1 Another digitalle 
is a nombre with-in 10. 

2. A finger (humorous). 

1840 Fraser's Mag. XX1. 160 To fling his broad plebeian 
paws and right cannie digitals around Sir Robert Peel. 
1840 /bid. XX11. 397 Hundreds of thousands vanish at the 
touch of royal digitals. 1858 Lytton What will he dow. 
ix, Who wear..paste rings upon unwashed digitals. 


3A key played with the finger in a musical in- | 


strument, as a piano or organ, 

1878 W. H. Stone Sci. Basis Music v, 62 Colin Brown's 
Natural Fingerboard. . The digitals consist of three separate 
sets .. The first, second, fourth, and fifth tones of the scale 
are played by the white digitals. 

Digita‘lia, Chem.: see DiGitaLin. 


Digitalic (didgitelik), a. [f. Dieirat-is + 


-1c.) Of or pertaining to digitalis; in digitalic | 


acid, an acid obtained from the leaves of the fox- 
glove, crystallizing in white acicular prisms. 

1858 Hocc Veg. Kingd. cxlv. 566 M. Morin, of Geneva, 
has also discovered in the leaves [of the Fox-glove] two 
acids; one fixed, which he calls digitalic acid, the other 
volatile, and called antirrhinic acid. 1863-72 Watts Dict. 
Chem. 11. 328 Digitalic acid crystallises_ in needles. 

Digitaliform (-te'lifvim), a. Bot. [f. L. 
digitalis (see below) + -ForM.] Of the form of the 
corolla of the fox-glove, ‘like campanulate, but 
longer and irregular’. e 

1859 C. Dresser Rudin. Bot. 313 Digitaliform .. when a 
corolla which is somewhat campanulate is contracted near 
the base, and has one oblique limb. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Digitaliform, finger- or glove-shaped. 

Digitalin (di-dzitalin). Chem. [f. Dierrat-1s 
+-IN.] The substance or substances extracted from 
the leaves of the ped, wpe as its active principle. 

Originally supposed to be an alkaloid, and hence named 


| digitalia, digitaline, but now known not to contain nitro- 


Pseud. Ep. wiv. 186 On the left [hand] they accounted their | 


digits and articulate numbers unto an hundred, on the t 
hand hundreds & thousands. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 5 
Integers are .. divided into Digits, Articles, and mixt num- 
bers. 1788 Priesttey Lect. //ist. v. xxxvi. 264 The nine 
digits in Arithmetic. 1827 Hurron Course Math, 1. 4 The 
Numbers in Arithmetic are expressed by the. .ten digits, or 
Arabic numeral figures. Sir R. Batt Story of Sun 56 
The seven .. may be in error by one or even two digits. 

attrib, 1613 
one digite number from the next ynto it. 

4. Astron. The twelfth part of the diameter of 
the sun or moon ; used in expressing the magnitude 
of an eclipse. 

1591 NAsHe phe prengretagee Wheras the Sun is darkned 
but Mf digits, and that v; y’ south points. 1687 Drvpen 
Hind & P. 11. 609 We..Can calculate how long th’ eclipse 
endur'd, Who interpos’d, what digits were obscur'd. 1706 
Hearne Collect. 2 May, Ye Sun..was darkned 10 digits 4 
1854 Mosecey As/ron. xlv. (ed. 4) 147 The usual method. . 
is to divide the whole diameter of the disc into twelve eq 

rts called digits. 1879 Procror Rough Ways (1880) 9 

Phe ring was about a digit in breadth, 

+ 5. Geom. A degree of a circle, or of angular 
measure. Ods. rare. 

_ 1653 Gataxer Vind. Annot. Yer. 35 By their Calculation 
it was but eleven digits, and one fourth, which I conceiv ta 
be fifteen minutes. .a digit isting of sixty i 


- 


| crystallised variet 
H.C 


ACKSON Creed 1, 9t Three from foure, or | occurs in. .needle-shaped 


| and persistent bitter taste. 


gen. There is reason to think, however, that different bodies 
cag how Crt Vil aie bs ive substa 
Penny Cycl. F 1 An extractive substance.. 
io which iheuame of Di, iesline has been given, [/bid. 495 
Digitalia, a vegetable li procured from the .. foxglove. 
1838 IT. Tnomson Chem. Org, Bodies 283 Digitalina has 
not yet been obtained in an isolated state.) 1872 Warts 
Dict. Chem. V1. 545, The more soluble (so-called German) 
digitalin is obtained from the seeds, the less soluble or 
iety from the leaves of the connie. _ 1875, 
. Woon Therap. (1879) 134 Crystallizable digitalin 
crystals, an intense 
1881 Standard 30 Dec, 2/5 He 
asked for five grains of pure digitalin, the active principle 
of foxglove. saa é er 
Hence Digitalinic (-linik) a, in Digitalinic 
acid, ‘an acid obtained by boiling insoluble digi- 
talin with soda’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
I talis (didzitélis). [mod.L., from L. 
digitalis of or pertaining to the fingers; the plant 
was so named by Fuchs 1542, in allusion to the 


ual | German name Fingerhut, i.e. thimble.] 


1. Bot. A genus of plants of the N.O. Scrophu- 
Jariacee, including the foxglove (D. purpurea). 
[1568 Turner Herbad 1. 16 It is named of some in Latine, 
Antials-/as dottle Marigold, Digitalis Delphinium. 379% 
ae inium. 1 
& Dosen Bot. Gard, (2799) il. 108 ‘Aneones bright Dai 
talis’ dress and air. 


~ 


DIGITATO-. 
site ape eden Domest 


1800 /bid. 1V. 532 He has taken the 
lis. 3837 Penny Cycl. VIL. 496 Digi H has the 
: tally (didgitali), adv. [f. Dicrran a. + 


-LyY ¥.] By means of or with respect to the fingers. 


presented 
between the fore and miadte -— 
+ Di-gitary, «. Obs. [fL. digit-us Dicrt: see 
-akY.] Of or pertaining to the fingers. 
31767 A. Campsett Lexiph. (1774) 38 A pruriginous. .erup- 
tion of pustules in the digitary interstices. 
Digitate (di-dzitét), a. (sd.) [ad. L. digitat-us 
having fingers or toes, f. digzt-us finger.) 
1. Zool, Of quadrupeds: Having separate or 
divided digits or toes. 
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim, 
bisulcs usually being greater t 
Cyctl. Anat. 1. 470/2 ‘Vhe characters of t 
tinct from the rest of the digitate animals. 
2. Divided into parts resembling fingers: sfec. 
a. Bot. Of leaves, etc.: Having deep radiating 
divisions ; now usually applied to compound leaves 
consisting of a number of leaflets all springing from 
one point, as in the horse-chestnut. (Hence in 
Comb., as digitate-pinnate.) b. Zool. Having, or 
consisting of, finger-like processes or divisions. 
1788 J. Lez /ntrod. Bot. ut. vi. (ed. 4) 201 The Folioles of 
which the digitate Leaf consists. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat, 
Hist. 11. 373 Wings. .cleft or digitate. 1870 Hooker Stud. 
Flora 423 Spikes digitate, spikelets minute—Cynodon. 1880 
Gray Struct. Bot. iu. § 4. 101 Palmate or Digitate Leaves.. 
in which the leaflets all stand on the summit of,the petiole. 
+ B. as sb. A digitate quadruped (see A. 1). Ods. 

1661 Lovett //ist. Anim. §& Min. Introd., Oviparous digi- 
tates, having diverse toes, and bringing forth eggs. 

Digitate (di-dzite't), v. [f. L. dégit-us + -aTE3: 
ef. Dierr v.] 

+1. ¢rans.._To point at with the finger; fig. to 
point out, indicate. Ods. rare. 

1658 J. Rosinson Eudoxa viii. 46 The supine resting on 
Water onely by retention of Air. .doth digitate a reason, 

2. inir. To become divided into finger-like paits, 

1796 StepMAN Surinam II, xix. 68 These again diverge 
or digitate in long broad leaves. 1840 G. Eitis Anat. 39 
Processes of it. .cross or digitate with the white bundles. 

3. trans. To express with the fingers. (sonce-use.) 


Mix. Introd., Solipeds and 
n the digitate. 1835-6 Topp 
Carnivora as dis- 


1823 New Monthly Mag. VII. 498 7 lk with their 
fingers and digitate quotations from Shakspeare. 
Digita didziteitéd), a. [f. L. digétat-us 


DiciratE a, + -ED.J 

1. Zool. and Bot, =Dieirate a. 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ff. vi. vi. 298 Animals multi- 
fidous, or such as are digitated or have severall divisions in 
their feete. 1753 Cuampers Cyc. ras s.v. Leaf, Digi- 
tated Leaf, expresses a compound one, of a num! 
of simple licks, placed re care on a common petiole, 
1839-47 Toop Cycl. Anat. 111. 9s/2 The structure alluded 
to is a digitated extension of the whole substance of the 
upper part of the iris. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. 
IL r46'The bones of the arms coincide with those of digitated 
quadru 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat, xviii. (1879) Mad 
bread-fruit, conspicuous from its. .deeply digitated leaf. 

2. Having divisions for the tote, j 

3882 7%; Man, 6 Diadas ed stockii for pedestrians, 
die Sieadard os 5/1 Digitated soles 

Digitately isdgitettli), adv, [f. Dicirate a. 
+-LY*.) Ina digitate oe ‘ 

Dana Z (1848) 619 Branches compressed, di: 
rately subdivided." 3000 Bake in rad. Bor, Xl. a the 
leaves are simple or digitately trifoliolate. 

Digitation (di iter fon). {f. DierratE v. or 
a.: see-aTion. Cf. F. digitation Cotgr.] 

+1. A touching, or pointing, with the finger. Ods. 

x Puiturs Digitation, a pointing with the fingers, 

R. Hotme Armoury u. 387/1 Digitation..is a bare or 
simple touching of a thing. 1721-2800 in Baitry. : 

2. The condition of being digitate ; division into 
fin or finger-like processes. 

B'. Biount Glossogr., Digitation, the form of the fingers 

both hands joyned together, or the manner of their so joyn- 

ing: Cotgr. 1721-1800 in fa! & 1847 Craic, rp kt 
ivision int -like processes, as ex 

y several of the muscles. .in their coalescence on the ribs. 

. concr, (Zool. and Bot.) One of a number of 
finger-like processes or dighste divisions, 

1709 Bair in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 114 Where the Liga- 
ments cease, they become .. half 


at their upper extremities 
round, and sometimes form'd into Digitations. 1802 BincLry 
Anim, Biog. (1813) 1. 17 Sometimes, as in the Bats, the 
digitations of the anterior feet are greatly elongated. 1837 
Quain Elem, Pee (ed. 4) 359 oe — border 
Ga dee tocven's Zool. 1. 293 Wings..cloven, with fringed 
digitations. 

tato- (didzitz-to), comb. form of Dicrrate 
a. ; in Digitato-palmate a., shaped like a hand 
with finger-like divisions; Digitato-pinnate <., 
a having finger-like divisions bearing pinnate 
leaflets. 

1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 527 Apex often digitato-palmate, 


Pe ee ee Se 


j 
q 


DIGITI-, 


Digiti- (di-dziti), combining form of L. digitus 
finger (see Digirsé.), Digitiform c., finger-like, 
digitate. Digitine'rvate, Digitinerved, Di'- 
gitine’rvous adjs., Bot. having the ribs of the 
leaf radiating from the top of the leaf-stalk. Di: 
gitipartite, Di:gitipi‘nnate adjs. (see quot.). 

1846 Dana Zoo/fh. (1848) 433 ‘The branchlets above nearly 
simple, digitiform. bee 49 Toop Cyct, Anat. IV. 1218/1 
The mouth. .is surrounded by six little digitiform processes. 
1866 7veas. Bot., Digitinerved, when the ribs of a leaf 
radiate from the top of the petiole. 1870 BentLey Bot. 156 
When there are more than 5 lobes of a similar character, it 
is sometimes termed digitipartite. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Digitinervate, Digitinervous. /did., Digttipinnate, term ap- 
plied to leaves the petiole of which terminates in secondary 
petioles bearing leaflets, either pinnate or digitate, forming 
doubly compound leaves. . 

e (disdzitigré!:d), a. and sb. Zool. 
[a. F. digetigrade, in mod.L. digitigrada (Cuvier 
1817), f. L. dégtt-us (Dicir) + -gradus, going, 
walking. ] 

A. adj. Walking on the toes; spec. in Zool. be- 
longing to the tribe Dzgiti?grada of Carnivora (in 
Cuvier’s classification) ; also said of the feet, or 
walk, of such an animal. (Opp. to PLANTIGRADE.) 

1833 Penny Cycl. 1. 4 The legs also are completely digiti- 
grade; that is to say, the heel is elevated, and does not 
come into contact with the surface .. Digitigrade animals, 
which tread only upon the toes .. have much longer legs 
than plantigrade animals. 1839-47 Topp Cycd. Axat. II], 
450/2 The feathered tribe traverse the surface of the earth 
as digitigrade bipeds. 1881 Mivart Cat 129 The cat’s mode 
of emery is spoken of as digitigrade. 

. sb. A digitigrade animal. (Chiefly in /.) 

1835 Kirsy Had. § Just, Anim. II. xvii. 212 Digitigrades 
. consist of the feline, canine, and several other tribes. 1845 
Wuewe tt /xdic. Creator 41 Some of the orders of quad- 
rupeds, namely the rodents, ruminants, digitigrades. 

Hence Di-gitigra:dism, digitigrade condition. 

1887 E. D. Core Origin of Fittest 376 The groove of the 
astragalus deepens coincidently with the increase of digiti- 
gradism, | 

Di-gitin. Chem. 
tiated from dzgitalin. 
obtained from digitalis. 

1879 Watts Dict. Chem. 3rd S: ne 647 A precipate is ob- 
tained consisting of digitalin and digitin, 

Digitize (didzitaiz), v. rare. [f. Dicrr +-12E.] 
trans. To manipulate or treat in some way with 
the fingers: to finger; to point at or count with 
the fingers. Hence Digitizer. 

a I. Brown Ws. (1760) II. 211 (D.), None but the 
devil, besides yourself, could have digitiz’d a pen after so 
scurrilous a manner. 1730-6 BaiLey (folio), Dégitize, to 

int to with the finger. 1767 G. Canninc Poews Pref. 3 
our mere mechanical Digitizers of verses. 1823 Hone 
Anc. Myst. 266 The sempstresses, who were very nicely 
digitising and pleating turnovers. ; 

gito-, shortened from dégitalis: the basis of 
the names of a series of chemical substances de- 
rived from digitalis or fox-glove: see quots. 

863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 330 Digitoleic acid,a kind 
of ne! acid contairied in the leaves of Digitalis purpurea. 
1875 H. G. Woop 7heraf. (1879) 135 Digitonin is asserted 
to form the bulk of the soluble digitalin of commerce, and 
to be the same as saponin, the active principle of soap-bark. 
1003 5. yd. Soc. Lex., Digito'genin, a crystallisable substance, 

tained by the action of dilute acids on Digitoresin. 
Digitolein, a fat obtained from digitalis leaves. It is a 
combination of glycerin with digitoleic acid. Digito'nin, a 
white amorphous substance .. is said to form a large of 
the soluble digitalis of commerce. Digito'xin..is highly 
poisonous. It forms colourless crystals. Digzitores*in, ob- 
tained, along with glucose and Digitonein, on boiling Digi- 
tonin with dilute acids. sees 

+ Digla‘diate, v. Ods. [ad. L. digladiari f. 
di-, dis- asunder, in different directions + gladius a 
sword: cf. gladéator.] intr. To ‘cross swords’; 
to contend, dispute. 

@ 1656 Hares Gold. Rem. (1688) 56 Mutual Pasquils and 
Satyrs against each others lives, wherein digladiating like 
Eschines and Demosthenes, they reciprocally lay open each 
others filthiness to the view and scorn of the world. 

Digladiation (deigledizi-fon). Now rare or 
arch. Also7 de-. [noun ofaction f. L. digladiari : 
see DIGLADIATE.] 

1. Fighting or fencing with swords ; hand-to-hand 
fight. 

1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xvii. (Arb.) 52 In those 
great Amphitheatres were exhibited all manner of other 
shewes.. as their fence playes, or digladiations of naked 
men. 1650 R. Starytton Sivada's Low C. Warres 1x. 44 
margin, His Digladiations in the night time. 1715 tr. 
Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1. xx. 393 This manner of Di- 
gladiation was very ancient ; such was the Skirmish we read 
of in the poet Horace, — ‘ 

‘2. fig. Strife or bickering of words; wrangling, 
contention, disputation. 

1590 R. Bruce Sevm. i, Bijb, Gif they had keeped the 
Apostles words. .all this digladiatioun, strife and contention 
appearandly had not’fallen out. @1619 Fotnersy A theom. 
I. v. § 3 (1622) 34 Their contentions and digladiations grew 
to be so notorious, as made them all ridiculous. 1692 
J. Eowarvos Remarkable Texts 211 A Christian, whose 
religion forbids all foolish bickerings and degladiations 
about mean and inconsiderable matters. 1819 MceCrie 
Melville U1. xi, 304° Scholastic wrangling and digladia- 
tion. 1879 M. Pattison M©7/ton ix. 107 In these literary 
digladiations readers are always ready to side with a new 
writer. ; * 


f. DIGITALIS + -IN: differen- 
A crystalline substance 


- 


355 
Digladiator. Ods. or arch. [agent-n. f. L. 


digladiari, on analogy of GLADIATOR.] A com- 
batant; one who contends or disputes. 

1803 Monthly Mag. XVI. 225 Those polemical digladi- 
ators, who .. divided and convulsed all literary institu- 


tions. 

Diglot, diglott (dai-glpt), a.andsd. [ad. Gr. 
diyAwrr-os speaking two languages, f. 5:-, bua- twice 
+ yA@rra, Attic for yA@ooa, tongue, language.] 
Using or containing two languages, bilingual ; ex- 
pressed or written in two languages; also as 5d. 
A diglot book or version (cf. Aolyglot). So Di- 
glottic a. (in quot., Speaking two languages) ; 
Di‘glottism, the use of two languages, or of words 
derived from two languages. 

1863 in Swith's Dict. Bible 111. 1557 The, conquests of 
Alexander and of Rome had made men diglottic to an 
extent which has no parallel in history. 1871 Earte PAdlo/. 
“ing. Tongue § 78 Words run much in couples, the one 
being English the other French .. In the following .. there 
are two of these diglottisms in a single line. ‘‘Trouthe and 
honour, fredom and curteisye’. 1885 Rept. Brit. & For. 
Bible Soc. App. B 361 The other edition [of the Breton 
N. T.] is in diglot form with the Revised Ostervald New 
‘Testament. 1890 Academy 8 Nov. 424/1 Of the Bibles, &c., 
printed in more than one language .. there are 21 English 
‘di-glotts’, 12 French, and 6 German. 

Diglute, obs. f. DeGiuTE, to swallow. 

Diglyce-ric, -gly:ceride, -gly-cerol, -gly- 
corllic, Chem.: see Di-2 2d, and Giyceric, etc. 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 626 Diglyceric acid has not 
been actually obtained, /éz:. 706 Diglycollic Acid is also 
called Paramalic Acid. 1881 Nature XXIII. 245 Digly- 
collic acid .. obtained by the action of sodium hydrate on 
diglycollamic acid. 

Diglyph (dairglif). Arch. [mod. ad. Gr, 8 
yAvp-os doubly indented, f. 5:- twice + yAdpev to 
carve; cf. I. diglyphe (Littré).] An ornament 
consisting of a projecting face or tablet with two 
vertical grooves or channels. (Cf. TRIGLYPH.) 

1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Diglyph, a kind of imperfect 
triglyph, console, or the like, with only two chanels, or 
engravings, instead of three. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. 
Build. 584 Diglyph, a tablet with two engravings or 
channels, 1854 E. pe Warren tr. De Saulcy’s Round 
Dead Sea Il. 254 ‘These metopes are divided from each 
other by triglyphs, which may be called more correctly 
diglyphs, as they only bear two flutes and two drops. 

+ Dignation (digné‘fon). Ods.  [a. OF. dig- 
nation, -acton, ad. L. dignation-em, n. of action f. 
dignare, -ari to think worthy, deign.] 

The action of deeming or treating any one as 
worthy, the conferring of dignity or honour ; favour 
shown or honour conferred ; condescension: chiefly 
said of the gracious action of a superior. 

e450 tr. De [mitatione i. liv, For pou takist not pis wip 
pin ovne pou3t.. but onely by dignacion of be most hie 
grace, & of godly beholdyng. 1526 Pilgr. ree (W. de 
W. 1531) 201 b, This werke is the effecte of his hye digna- 
cion, power and goodnes. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. E-xemp.1. § 2. 
22 S. Elizabeth .. wondering at the dignation and favour 
done to her. 1659 Hammonn Ox /s, viii. Paraphr. 44 The 
magnifying of God’s wonderfull goodnesse .. and his digna- 
tions to mankind. @1703 Burkirr Ox NV. 7. Rom. vi. 19 
The great dignation and gracious condescension of Christ. 
1737 StackHousE /fist. Bible (1767) IV. vi. v. 207 A great 
favour and dignation done her. 

+Digne, a. Ols. Also a, 4 dingne, dyngne, 
5 dign, dynge, 5-6 dygne, 6 Sc. ding, dyng. 
B. 4-5 deyn(e. [ME, digne, a. F. digne (11th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.), early ad. L. dégnus worthy. 
The form deyz might represent an OF. *deiz, 
inherited form of dignus: but cf. Darn a.] 

1. Of high worth or desert; worthy, honourable, 
excellent (in nature, station; or estimation; cf. 
Dieniry 1, 2). 

I R. Grouc. (1724) 132 Pe digne sege ywys..pat at 
Londea now ys. 1340 Ayext, 109 Pe pri uerste benes of be 
pater noster..byeth be he3este and pe dingneste, «@ 1400-50 
Alexander 882 Darius be deyne [Dudd. MS. digne] Empe- 
reure. did. 1958, I, sir Dari, be deyne [Dl. MS. digne] 
and derfe Emperoure. ¢1440 York Myst. xxviii. 1 Beholde 
my discipulis at deyneisanddere. a1450 Kut. dela Tour 
ii. 5 It is an higher and more digne thinge forto praise and 
thanke God. 1513 Douctas nes xu. ix. 67 Of conquer- 
ouris and soueran pryncis dyng [ime kyng]. 7535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot, 11. 367 With diamontis ding, and margretis 
mony one. 1§78 Ps, cvi. in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 107 
Declair . . Thy nobill actes and digne remembrance. 

2. Worthy, deserving. Const. of (to), or inf. 

@ 1375 Foseph Arim,252 Cum pou hider, losaphe; for hou 
art Iugget clene, And art digne per-to. 1386 Cuaucer 
Pars. 1, ? 715 Hem bat 3euen chirches to hem pat ben not 
digne. c¢1430 Lypc. Bochas tv. ix. (1544) 106a, To write 
also hys triumphes digne of glorye. ¢ 1450 Merlix 583 Ye 
be full digne to resceyve the ordre of chiualrie. a 1555 
Lynpesay 7ragedie 86 In France..1 did Actis ding of 
Remembrance. 1643 Prynne Ofen. Gt. Seale 6 The state 
of the Church is come unto this, that she is not digne to be 
governed But of ill Bishops. 

3. Befitting, becoming, appropriate, fit. Const. 
to, unto, of, for. 

¢1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 1738 Lucretia, Hyre cuntin- 
aunce is to here herte’digne. .¢1386 — Max of Law's T. 
680 O Domegyld, I haue non englisch digne Vnto by malice 
and tyrannye. c1420 Padlad. on Husb. x1. 7 Lande 
lene, or fatte, or drie, is for it digne. 1504 ATKYNSON tr. 
De Imitatione wu. liv, Gyue dygne & moost large graces to 
the hye goodnes of god. 1549 CHALONER Erasmus on Folly 


DIGNIFY. 


K ija, All the worlde .. offreth me .. farre dearer and more 
ie i sacrifices, than theirs are. : 

. Having a great opinion of one’s own worth; 
proud, haughty, disdainful; esp. in phr. as dégne 
as ditch-water (cf. ‘stinking with pride’), as digne 
as the devil, Cf. Dain a. 

1340-70 A lisaunder 313 Pe menne of pat marche .. were 
so ding of beir deede, dedain pat they had pat any gome 
under God gouern hem sholde. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prod. 517 
He [the Parson] was nat to synful man despitous Ne of his 
speche daungerous ne digne. 1386 — Aceve's 7.44 She 
was as digne [Harl. Lansd. deyne] as water in a dich, as 
ful of hoker and of bismare. ¢1394 P?. P7. Crede 355 For 
wib be princes of pride pe prechours dwellen ; pei ben digne 
as pe devel pat droppep fro heuene. /d¢¢. 375 Per is more 
pryue pride in prechours hertes pan per lefte in Lucyfer er 
he were lowe fallen; bey ben digne as dich water. 

+Dignely, adv. Obs. Also 4 -li, 4-5 -liche, 
-lyche, 6 -lie. [f. prec. +-1y?.] 

1. Worthily, honouwrably; befittingly, deservingly, 
condignly. 

€1315 SHOREHAM 32 Thou hest of-served dygnelyche The 
pyne of helle vere. 1340 Avent, 20 Pet pou nere na3t 
digneliche y-di3t be ssrifpe and by vorpenchinge. c 1380 
Wycuir Sev. Sel. Wks. I. 62 pei wolen sitte wip lordis and 
ladies at pe mete ful dignely. c1400 Zest. Love 1. (1561) 
287 b/r The name of Goddes dignely ye mow beare. 1513 
Dovucias 42 ners uu. Prol. 7 Bot sen I follow the poete prin- 
cipall .. God grant me grace him dingly to ensew. 1567 
Drant Horace Epist. A vj, When mortall man cannot 
reforme Nor dignely plage the cryme. 

2. Haughtily, scornfully. 

1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1. 975 (1024) Touchynge pi lettre 
-- I wot thow nylt it digneliche endite. 

+ Digne'sse. Ods. [a. Al'r. *dignesse, f. digne 
worthy + -esse repr. L. -2¢éa: cf. bassesse, richesse, 
vilesse, etc.] Worthiness, dignity ; haughtiness. 

1399 Lanct. Rich. Redeles 1. 127 Swiche ffresshe ffoodis 
beth ffeet in to chambris, And ffor her dignesse en-dauntid 
of dullisshe nollis. 

Dignification (di:gnifikéifon). Now rave. 
[ad. med. L. dignification-em, n. of action from 
dignificare: cf. obs. F. adtynificacton (Godef.).] 
The action of dignifying, or fact of being dignified ; 
conferring of dignity. 

1577 Dee Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 63 In respect of thy digni- 
fication.. I say with thefe] Hallelujah. @1612 Donne 
Bradavatos (1644) 57 Humane nature after the first fall, till 
the restitution and dignification thereof by Christ. 1653 
Watton Angler 13 Where a noble and ancient Descent 
and such merits meet in any man, it is a double dignifica- 
tion of that person. c178x in Boswell Yohnson 4 June 
an, 1781 ‘l’o demean themselves with... equanimity..upon 
their .. dignification and exaltation. 

Dignified (di-gnifoid), p//. a. 
-ED1, 

1. Invested with dignity ; exalted. 

1763 J. Brown Poetry §& Mus. vi. 100 We shall see the 

3ard’s Character rising again in its dignified State. 1781 
Cowrer Charity 2 Fairest and foremost of the train that 
wait On man’s most dignified and happiest state. 

+2. Holding a position of dignity; ranking as 
a dignitary (esp. ecclesiastical), Ods. 

1667-8 MarvE.t Corr. xc. Wks. 1872-5 II. 240 It hath 
bin .. mov’d to raise 100,000/7. .. upon the dignifyd Clergy. 
1712 I. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 396 Yo the Cathedral belong .. 
five dignify’d Priests, being the Dean, Arch-Deacon, School- 
Master, Chanter, and Treasurer. 1726 Ayiirre Parergox 
6 Abbots are stiled dignify’d Clerks, as having some Dignity 
in the Church. 1860 Mrs. GaskELt Right at Last 30 My 
father was the son of a dignified clergyman. 

3. Marked by dignity of manner, style, or appear- 
ance; characterized by lofty self-respect without 
haughtiness; stately, noble, majestic. 

ax81z2 J. S. Buckminster (Webster, 1828) To the great 
astonishment of the Jews, the manners ‘of Jesus are familiar, 
yet dignified. 1840 CARLYLE //evoes v. (1891) 147 A Pulpit, 
environed with all manner of complex dignified appurten- 
ances and furtherances. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. 
(1873) IT. 11. xiii. 299 The general character of the oratory 
was dignified and graceful. 1855 MacauLay Hist. Eng. 
1V. 447 His State papers .. are models of terse, luminous, 
and dignified eloquence. 1874 L. Sternen Hours in Library 
(1892) I. viii. 291 A man of dignified appearance. 1878 
Bosw. Situ Carthage 262 Silence, mournful. . but dignified, 
was observed in the public streets. 

Di-gnifiedly, adv. [f. prec. + -ty%.] Ina 
dignified manner ; with dignity or its appearance. 

1818 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 48x The same littleness of mind 
which made.. Boniface dignifiedly incommunicative to all 
without badges or titles, 1868 Browninc King § Bh, mu. 
391 Whereon did Pietro..sally forth dignifiedly into the 
square. 1885 Century Mag. XXX. 384 Verona is dignifiedly 
disagreeable. 

Dignifier (di-gnifoior). [f. Dieniry + -ER!.] 
One who dignifies ; one who confers dignity. 

1612 R. SHELDON Sevm. St. Martin's 50 God the Digni- 
fier, the Sanctifier, and Beautifier of the sacrifice. 1741 
Ricuarpson Pamela (1742) 11. 284 The vilest lowest Taste 
in his sordid Dignifier. aL 

ignify (di'gnifai), v. [a. OF. dignefier, dig- 
nifier, ad. med.L. dignificdre, f. dign-us worthy + 
~ficdire : see -¥FY.] 

1. ¢vans. Tomake worthy or illustrious; to confer 


dignity or honour upon; to ennoble, honour. 
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 210 Illumyned & digny- 
fyed of Chryst. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V, 1. i. 22 Such a Day.. 
‘ame not, till now, to dignifie the Times Since Casars For- 
tunes. c 1600 — Sonn. Ixxxiv, He that writes of you, if he can 
tell That you are you, so dignifies his story. 1667 MiLton 
P.L.1x.940 Us his prime Creatures, dignifi’d ae: Set over 
*-2 


[f. Digsiry + 


DIGNITARIAL. 


all his Works. 1732 Pore Hor, Sat. u. ii. 141 No Turbots 
dignify my boards. L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 
357 As accent dignifies the syllable on which it is laid, and 
makes it more distinguished by the ear than the rest. 1877 
Mrs, Ourenant Ma. Flor, Introd. 16 There arose to 
dignify the struggle the moral principle which all this time 
it wanted. 

b. To render majestic or stately. 

1749 Smo.tert Gil Bi. x1. v, He would write as well as 

e speaks, if,in order to dignify his style, he did not affect 
expressions which fender it stiff and obscure. ¢ 1790 Cowrer 
On Milton's P. L. 1.689 How an act or image, vulgar and 
ordinary in itself, may be dignified by mere force of diction. 
a. — Odyss. xxi. 181 Then Pallas .. dignified his form 

ith added amplitude. 

e. In lighter use: To represent as Limi & (by 
implication, as worthier than it is) ; to give a high- 
sounding name or title to. 

[1606 SHaxs. 77. § Cr. 1v. v. 103 Yet giues he not till 
iud, srs ide his bounty, Nor dignifies an impaire thought 
with breath. 1665 GLANvVILL Scepsis Sci. 80 "Tis usual for 
men to dignifie what they have bestowed pains upon.] 
1750 H. Watrote Lett. H. Mann (1834) 11. ccxxii. 374 You 
will think my letters are absolute jest and story books unless 
you..dignify them with the title of Walpoliana. 1791-1823 
D'Israeti Cur. Lit. (1839) III. 341 The science of books, 
for so bibliography is sometimes dignified. JZod. A school 
dignified with the name of a college. 

+2. To invest with a dignity or honour; to exalt 
in rank; to confer a title of honour upen. ? Ods. 

1563-87 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 5/2 Emperors in ancient 
time haue dignified them in titles. 1660 Brounr Boscobel 
nu. (1680) 21 The Earl of Southampton... now with much 


| 
| 


merit dignifyed with the great office of Lord High Trea- | 


surer. 1727 W. Matuer Fug. Man's Comp. 10 


Nor | 


ought Sons of the Nobility to be Dignified.. with less | 


rate the ‘Title of Honourable, as being their due by Birth- 
ight. 

Hence Di‘gnifying vd/. sé. and ffl. a. 

1630 R. Fohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 101 The Grand- 
Seignior never nameth us with dignifying titles. _ 1639 Lp. 
Diapy, etc. Lett. conc. Relig. (1657) 8 Those dignifying cir- 
cumstances .. belong onely to such doctrines [etc.].  /did. 
82 That seal, with those quarterings and dignifyings where- 
with you blazon it. 

(dignitérial), a. [f. DicniTary 

+ -AL.] Of or belonging to a dignitary. 

1885 Ch. Times 20 Feb. 135/3 The perversity of the digni- 
tarial mind was curiously exemplified. 

Dignitary (di-gnitari), sd. (@.) Also 7 -ory. 
[f. L. dignitas or Eng. Dicnity + -ary : cf., for the 
sense, prebendary, for the form, L. voluntarius 
voluntary, from voluntds: so F.dignitaire sb. (1752 
in Trévoux).] 

A. sb. One invested with a dignity; a personage 
holding high rank or office, esp. ecclesiastical. 

1672-3 Marvett Reh. Transp. 1. 282 There was a gentle- 
man of your robe, a Dignitory of Lincoln. a1745 Swirt 
(J.), If there be any dignitaries, whose preferments are .. 
not liable to the accusation of superfluity. 1756-7 tr. 
Keysler's Trav. (1760) 1. 15 Princes, bishops, counts, rich 
dignitaries, abbots. 1815 W. H. Irevanp Scridbleomania 
248 A very high ecclesiastical dignitary. 1836 IrvinG A sto- 
ria 
dignitary proved to be an old sailor, by the‘name of John 


Young. a D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) IL. 1v. ii. 266 It | 


represents three dignitaries, probably priests. 


| army did ..tarry..at Berwick. 1 


356 


commun rule of his giving or not giving grace, from mans 
dignitie or indignitie. 
. Honourable or high estate, position, or esti- 
mation; honour; degree of estimation, rank. 
c1230 Hali Meid. 15 i meiden, understond in hu heh 


dignete pe mihte of meidenhad halt te. 1340 4 1» 215 
Pere ssolle pe greate Ihordes and pe m4 euedyes 
uoryete .. h i and hare h Rolls 


are Be i] 3 
Parl. 111. 424/1 Ye renounsed and cessed of the State of 
Kyng, and of Lordeshipp and of all the Dignite and Wir- 

ipp that longed therto. ¢1400 Rom. Rose 7682 1 .. have 
pouste To shryve folk of most dignyte. 1538 STARKEY 
England 1. iv. 139, Gyuyng: somewhat to the dygnyte of 
presthode. 1594 Hooker ect. Pol. 1. vi. (1611) 12 Stones, 
though in dignitie of nature inferior to plants._161x SHAKs. 

Wint, T. v. i. 183 His Sonne, who ha’s (His Dignitie, and 
Dutie both cast off) Fled from his Father, Scene Hopes, 
and with A Shepheards Daughter. 1711 Swirt Lett. (1767) 
III. 177, I fear I shall be sometimes forced to stoop beneath 
my dignity, and send to the ale-house for a dinner. 1751 
Harris Hermes (1841) 119 There is no kind of subject, 
having its foundation in nature, that is below the dignity 
of a philosophical inquiry. 1786 Han. More Florio 78 
Small habits well yaraned bateaun May reach the dignit 
of crimes. 1891 Law Times XCII. 124/1, The post of Iris 
Chancellor has increased rather than diminished in dignity 
since the Union. 

Jig. 1541 CorpLanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. H jb, May 
the herte .. sustayne dysease longe? i 
great dygnyte. 1656 Rivciey Pract. Physick 215 Consider 
the dignity of the part affected, so that the heart must not 
be tryed by vehement remedies. 

b. collect. Persons of high estate or rank (cf. 
the quality). 

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. in Arb. Garner ILI. 
73 My Lord's Grace, my Lord of Warwick, the other estates 
of the Council there, with the rest of the dignity of the 
3 Burke Corr, (1844) 
IV. 149, I cannot see the dignity of a great kingdom, and, 


| with its dignity, all its virtue, imprisoned or exiled, without 


I. 100 The captain .. paid a visit to the governor. This | 


B. adj. Of, belonging to, or invested with | 


a dignity (esp. ecclesiastical). 

1715 M. Davies Ath, Brit. 1. 163 The most eminent Digni- 
tary Churchmen. _ 1733 Neat //ist. Purit. 11. 148 They 
complimented the Roman Catholick priests with their dig- 
nitary titles. 

Dignito’rial, a. [erroneous for DiGNITARIAL.] 

1817 T. C. Banks (¢it/e), History of the Ancient Noble 
Family of Marmyun .. also their Dignitorial Tenures and 
the services of London, Oxford, &c. 

Dignity (di-gniti), Forms: 3-4 dignete, 3-6 
-ite, 4 dyng-, dingnete, 4-5 dignitee, -ytee, 4-6 
dy-, dignyte, 6-7 dignitie, 7- dignity. [a. OF. 
digneté, ¥ . dignité (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. 
dignitat-em merit, worth, f. dignus worthy: see 
-ITy. Cf. also Dainty, a, OF. deinizé, the inherited 
form of pace y 

1. The quality of being worthy or honourable ; 
worthiness, worth, nobleness, excellence. 

a1a2g Ancr. R. 140 Nis nout edcene of hwuche dignite 
heo [the soul] is, ne hu heih is hire cunde, ¢1230 Hal 
Meid. 5 Of se muche dignete, and swuch wurdschi; 
€ 1393 Gaavens Gentilesse Rid vn-to vertue longeth dg- 
nytee, ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 18 A name of grete 
dignitee and of te worschepe. 1 Asr, Hami.ton 
Catech. (1884) 20 Of the p i a llent dignitiee 
of the Pater noster. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. v. 48 From me 
whose loue was of that dignity, That it went hand in han 
even with the Vow I made to her in Marriage. 1657 
Austen Fruit Trees 1. 11 The dignity and value of Fruit- 
trees. 2787 T. Jerrerson Writ, G55) IL. 95, I recollect 
no work of any dignity which has been lately published. 
1795 Worvsw. Vew-tree Seat, True dignity abides with 
him alone Who, in the silent hour of inward thought, Can 
still suspect, and still revere himself, In_lowliness of heart. 
1836 Sir H. Taytor Statesman xv. 107 It is of the essence 
of real dignity to be self-sustained, and no man’s dignity 
can asserted without being impaired. 1874 Brackir 
Sedf-Cult, 75 The real dignity of a man lies not in what he 
has, but in what he 7s. 2 

+b. The quality of being worthy of something ; 
desert, merit. Ods. rare. 

1548 R. Hutren Sum of diuinitie E 5a, Fayth leaneth 
onelye vpon paps not of our dygn Gate Crt. 
Gentiles w. 154 ‘To suppose that fetch the 


show 


great pain. 

attrib. 18: 
a ball 
people [in Barbadoes]. 

38. An honourable office, rank, or title; a high 
official or titular position. 

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 72/54 Bischop him made.. seint 
Edward pe king, And a-feng him in his dignete. cx 
R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15112 Seint Gregore tok 
dignete, And was pope prytty 3er. 1520 Caxton's Chron. 
Eng. ccxxxvi. 258 Tho that were chose to bissho; sees and 
dignytees. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. 1V, 208 Edward duke 
of Yorke, whiche .. had untrewly usurped the Croune and 
Imperial dignitie of this realme. 1659 
Iron Age 123 He procured the Dignity of General to be 
taken away from the duke of Frithland. 
Parergon 98 By a Dignity, we understand that Promotion 
or Preferment, to which any Jurisdiction is annex’d. 1781 
Gipson Decl. & F. ILL. 231 He .. distributed the civil and 
military dignities amon his favourites and followers. 
Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. i. 18 The dignity of 
Roman prefect. a ted Mercury 3 Mar. 5/1 
jesty has conferred the dignity of a viscountcy upon Sir 
Henry B. W. Brand. 


Marryat P, Simple xxxi, A dignity ball is 


Answere. No, for his | 


1726 AYLIFFE | kamoane 


DIGRESS. 


+7. Alg. =Powerr. Ods. 
1715 Phil. Trans. XXIX. 211 Mr. Newton introduced 
the Fract, Surd, Negative and Indefinitive Indices of 


ities. 

‘| 8. [Erroneous or fantastic rendering of Gr. 
agiwpa ‘honour, worth, dignity » also ‘ prin- 
ciple, axiom’.] A self-evident theorem, an axiom. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1, vii. 25 These Sciences 


mathematics], concluding from dignities and fina a 
nowne by i 3 po ges satisfaction 
probable reasons, mi lesse from bare and peremptory 


asseverations. 
+ Di-gnorate, v. Obs. rare—°. {fF L. dignorare, 
quoted in the same sense from Paul. ex Fest. 

1623 Cocxrram, Dignorate, to marke a beast. 1656 Blount 
= Dignorate, to mark, as men do beasts, to know 
them. 


+Digno'sce, v. Obs. [ad. L. dignisctre to 
recognize apart, distinguish, f. d7-, dzs-, Di-1 + 
(g nascére to know.]_—- 

To distinguish, discern. a. ¢rans. 

@ 1639 Srotriswoop Hist, Ch, Scot. 1. (1677) 200 All the 
Painters and Writers were called for dignoscing the letters 
and draughts. 1645 Liberty of Cons. 16 The true wor- 
shippers of God cannot be certainly and infallibly dignosced 
from the false worshippers. 1671 True Nonconf. 391 The 
consideration .. whereupon the right dignoscing -of such 
deeds doth mostly depend, is oftentimes most difficult. 

b. intr. To discern ; to decide. 

1641 Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 344 Who shall have 
— to dignose and take cognitione whither the same 
‘alles within the said act of pacificatione. 1676 W. Row 
Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 539 A committee ap- 
pointed to dignosce upon the supplication. 

Hence + Dignoscible a., discernible ; + Digno's- 


| citive a., having the quality of discerning. 


iven by the most consequential of their coloured | 


B. Harris Parival’s | 


b. “ransf. A person holding a high office or | 


position; a i pat 

¢1450 Hottanp Howlat 690 Denys and digniteis. 1598 
Fiorto Ep. Ded., That I .. may entertaine so high, if 
not deities yet dignities. 1621 Binte Yuce 8 These filthy 
dreamers .. speake euill of dignities. 1656 Heyiin Surv. 
France 93 There is..in this Church a Dean 7 Dignities and 

o Canons. 1 Mitton P. ZL. 1. 359 Godlike shapes and 
forms.. Princely Dignities, And Powers that earst in Heaven 
saton Thrones. 1 Kincstey Herew. i, T art very 
like to lose thy tongue by talking such ribaldry of dig- 
nities. 

4. Nobility or befitting elevation of aspect, manner, 
or style ; becoming or fit stateliness, gravity. (Cf. 
DIGNIFIED 2.) 

1667 Mitton P. Z. vit. 489 Grace was in all her steps .. 
In every gesture dignitie and love. 1725 Pore Odyss. vi. 
73 A dignity of dress adorns the Great. 1752 Fietpinc 
Testa 1. viil, He uttered this. . with great majesty, or, as he 
called it, dignity. 18:1 Syp. Smitn Ws. (1859) I. 205/1 


All establishments die of dignity. They are too to 
think themselves ill, and to take a little physic. J. H. 
Newman //ist. Sk. (1873) IL. 1. i. 248 He prese in his 


domestic arrangements the are of a literary and public 
man, 1854 J. S.C. Asnorr Nafoleon (1855) 11. xxx. 557 He 
opposed the effect of these instructions with such silent 
dignity as to command general resj 1878 B. Taytor 
Deukalion u. iv. 77 So much of dignity in ruin lives. 
b. Xhet. - rye 
1828 Wesster, Dignity, oratory, one the three 
's of elocution, consisting in the right use of tropes and 


5. dstrol. A situation of a planet in which its 
influence is heightened, either by its position in the 
zodiac, or by its aspects with other planets. 


¢x391 Cuavcer Astrol. Table of Contents, Tables of 
dignetes of earner rey Lbid. uu. § 4 The lord of the assendent 


.. whereas he is in his dignite and conforted with frendl. 
aspectys of planetes. Massincer City Madam u. ii, 


Dignities are the Advantages a Planet has 
its being in a i of th 


ences and Virtue are encreas'd. 
1zt Ye planetary sons of light! 


asce! neces. 
+6. The term for a ‘company’ of canons. Oés. 
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vij a, A Dignyte of chanonys. 


| racters, as the night is 


1671 True Nonconf. 189 As dignoscible by .. these cha- 
y darkness. 1674 [Z. Cawprey] 
Catholicon 22 T dignoscitive power .. reby their 
spiritual sense discerns betwixt good and evil. 

ote, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. *dignot 
ppl. stem of digndscere.] + DIGNOSCE. 

1 Bdrcceery Renon's Disp. Pref., Every Simple .. 
may be dignoted in its nature and quality. | 
+Digno‘tion. Oés. [n. of action f. digndt- 

pl. stem of L. digndscére : see DIGNoscE and -10N.] 

he action of distinguishing or discerning ; a dis- 
tinguishing mark or sign. 

1578 Banister Hist. Mani. 10 The di ion of sauors. 
1657 Tomunson Reno's Disp. 42 That this dignotion may 
be certain. 1 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xxii. 327 
Temperamentall dignotions, and conjecture of prevalent 


+ Di-gnous, ¢. Ods. i L. dign-us worthy + 

-ous.] Worthy, honourable. P re 
TW Dew A dignous family his 

Pc ally [bid. (1845) 314 The jit Ber and dignous family 


er Ma- | of Coffi 


olmn. 

Digoneutic (daigoniitik), a. Entom. [f. Gr. 
&i-, twice + yoved-ev to beget, of which the vbl. adj 
would be *yovevt-os.] Producing two broods 
a year; double- ed. Hence Digoneu'tism, 
the condition of being digoneutic. 

1889 S. H. Scupper in Nature XX XIX. 319 Capt. Elwes... 
fails to make a distinction between the successive seasonal 
forms of a digoneutic butterfly. 

igonous (di‘gonas, doi- , a Bot. [ad. mod. 
L. digon-us, f. Gr, &-, twice + ~ywvos angled: cf. 
tpi-yevos three-comered.] Having two angles. 

oe Jas. Lee /ntrod, Bot, mt. iv. (ed. 4) 181 Di 
Trigonous, Tetragonous. .having two, three, four. . les. 


se Syd. Soc. Lex. 
+ Digradua;stion. Obs. var. of Decrapuation!; 
cf. also DisGRADUATE 2. 
1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 218 But Eusebius... 
that he should ke the i 


wrote unto Al d depriva- 
tion and digraduation past. 
Di-gram. A proposed synonym of DicRaPH. 
1864 in We : 


BSTER. 

(daigraf), [f. Gr. &- twice, Dr-2, + 
x writing, etc.) A reas of two letters ex- 
ge te simple sound of speech, 

1788 'T. Sueripan (L.), All improper yy ay or, as 
I have called Son, eee are changed into single 
vowels which they for. x8x2 J.C. Hosnouse Journey 
Albania App. 1061 If these combinations of vowels had 
been distinguished in writing only. .their name would have 
been digraphs, and not —— 1873 Earte Philol. Eng. 
digrs dE iy re ney Aphabets charact 
ol as ic ers. 
741 ie exclude new letters..we 
are obliged to fall back on digraphs. 
‘ f. prec, + -IC: 


a Figg toed daigrefik), a, 
after Gr. med pertaining to , graphic.] 


1. Pertaining to or of the nature of a digraph. 
Sweer Hist. Eng. Sounds 23 Cases of the arbi 
consonants as di ic modes also occur. 


igre’s, doi-), v. Also 6-7 disgress. 
Pie hyp ribet digredt “Y aside, 
BX . din, Dis. 1 + gradi to step, wei, ol 


DIGRESS. 


1. intr. To go aside or depart from the course or 
track; to diverge, deviate, swerve. 

1gs2 Hutoet, Digresse or go a little out of the pathe, 
digredior. 1582 N. Licuerietp tr, Castanheda Cong. E. 
Ind. 65 b, It was not vnpossible but that they might some- 
what digresse from their right course. 1603 DEKKER Grissil 
(Shaks. Soc.) 22, I must disgress from this bias, and leave 

you. 1649 Adcoran 86 God..punisheth them that digresse 

rom the right path. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 25 P 11 

Frighted from digressing into new tracts of learning. 1825 

Lams Elia Ser. u. Superannuated man, I find myself in 

Bond Street. .I digress into Soho, to explore a bookstall. 
+b. Astron, Cf. DIGRESSION 3. Ods. 

160r Hoitanp Pliny I. 12 Shee (Venus) beginnes to di- 
gresse in latitude and to diminish her motion from the 
morn rising : but to be retrograde, and withall to digresse 
in altitude from the cape station. 

+ 2. fig. To depart or deviate (from a course, mode 
of action, rule, standard, etc.) ; to diverge. Obs. 

1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. \xxi. 16 As the other trans- 
lation agreeth very well, I would not digresse from it. 1592 
Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. ut. iii. 127 Thy Noble shape, is but 
a forme of waxe, Digressing fromthe Valourofaman. 1603 
Ho.anp Plutarch's Mor. 25 Digresse good sir from such 
lewd songs. 161x Ussuer in Gutch Col?. Cur. I. 39 The 
subjects rebelled, and digressed from their allegiance. 

+3. To diverge from the right path, to trans- 
gress. Obs. 

1541-93 [see Dicressinc below]. 1640 G. Warts. tr. 
Bacon's Adv. Learn, vu. iii. (R.), So man, while he aspired 
to be like God in knowledge, digressed and fell. 

+b. trans. To transgress. Ods. 

1592 Wyrtey Armorie 56 Faire points of honor I would 
not disgresse. : 

4. intr. To deviate from the subject in discourse 
or writing. (Now the most frequent sense.) 

1530 Parser. 516/1, I ig aed from my mater and talke 
of a thyng that nothynge belongeth therunto. 1555 EprN 
Decades 8 To returne to the matter from which we haue 
digressed. 1597 Mortry /xtrod. Mus. 74 Let vs come 
againe to our example from which wee haue much dis- 
oe . 1682 Burnet Rights Princes viii. 292, 1 shall not 

igress to rr any account of these. 1727 Swirt Modest 
Proposal, 1 have too long digressed, and therefore shall 
return to my subject. 1752 JoHNson Rambler No, 200 P 10 
While we were conversing upon such subjects..he fre- 
quently digressed into directions to the servant.- 1813 W. 
‘Taytor in Anz, Rev. I. 374 Mr. P. digresses on the subject 
of parliamentary reform. 1869 Farrar Fam. Speech iii. 
(1873) 99, I will not here digress into the interesting ques- 
tion as to the origin of writing. 

Hence Digre’ssing v//. 5d. and A/. a., Digre’s- 
singly adv. 

1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1200/t Were it 
properly perteining to y® present matter, or sumwhat dis- 
gressing therfro. 1541 Act 33 Hen, VIII, (Bolton Stat. 
frei, (1621) 218) Albeit that upon any disloyaltie or disgress- 
ing contrary to the duety of asubject. 1593 Suaxs. ich. //, 
v. lii, 66 This deadly blot, in thy digressing sonne. 1864 
Q. Rev. CXVI. 168 The sarcophagus on which appears the 
incident we have thus digressingly analysed. 


+ Digress, sb. Obs. [ad. L. digress-us depar 
ture, f. ppl. stem of digredz: see DIGRESS v.] = 
DIGRESSION 2. 

1s98 Yonc Diana 76, I thee espie Talking with other 
Shepherdesses, All is of feastes and brauerie, Who daunceth 
best, and like digresses. 1655 FuLLeR Ch. Hist, x1. x. § 43 
Nor let any censure this a digress from my xen} 9 1679 
HarpyKeyScrift, 1.9, lam driven. .here, .toa brief Digress. 

sser (digre’so1, doi-), [f. DigrEss v. + 
-ER1.] One who digresses. 

1654 Baxter (¢é¢/e), Reduction of a Digresser or Mr. Bax. 
ter’s reply to Kendall's Digression. 1824 Scorr St. Ronan’s 
xiv, Who, though somewhat of a digresser himself, made 
little allowance for the excursions of others. 

Digression (digrefon, doi-). Also 5-7 dis-, 
5-8 de-. [a. OF. disgressiun, digresstun (12th 
c.), mod.F. digression, ad. L. digressién-em, n. of 
action from digredt: see DIGRESS v.] 

1. The action of digressing, or turning aside from 
a path or track; swerving, deviation. (Now some- 
what vare in Zit. sense.) 

1552 Hutort, Digression, digressio. 1670 Corton Esfer- 
non 1. IV. 144 By this little digression into Gascony, the 
Duke had an opportunity .. to re-inforce himself with some 
particular Servants of his, 1673 Ray Fourn, Low C. Rome 
2 We made a digression to S. Marino, 1823 J. D. 

UNTER Captiv. N. Amer. 86 This digression up the 
Kansas was undertaken [etc.]. 

Th. fe: Moral deviation or going astray. Ods. 

1 Awes Past. Pleas. 1. xxi, Nature .. More stronger 
had her operacion Then she had nowe in her digression. 
1588 Suaxs. ZL. LZ. L.1. ii. 121, 1 may example my digres- 
sion by some mighty president. 1593 — Lwcr. 202 ‘Then 
my digression is so vile, so base, That it will liue engrauen 
inmy face. | 

+e. Deviation from rule. Odés. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 299 Monsters Aristotle calleth 
Excursions and Digressions of Nature. 

2. Departure or deviation from the subject in 
discourse or writing; an instance of this. (The 
earliest and most frequent sense.) 

¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1.87 (143) It were along disgression 
Fro my matere, 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy1.i, 1 wyll no 
longer make disgression. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1v. |xix. 49, 
I woll retourne my style to Octauis, from whom I haue 
made a longe degression. «a 1535 More De guat, Noviss. 
Wks. 99 Which thyng I might proue..sauing that the 
degression would be ouer long. 1622 Three Quest. Ausw, 
conc, Fourth Commandm. 6 But this, by way of dis- 
—. 1675 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 206, I begg yt 

xcellencies pardon for this degression. 1751 JOHNSON 


: 357 


Rambler No. 147 ® 7 Without .. any power of starting into 
gay digressions. 1813 Scorr Rokeby, x, [He] started from 
the theme, to range In loose digression wild and strange. 
1863 Mrs. Ouiruant Salem Ch. xiii, Breaking off now and 
then into a momentary digression. . 

3. Astron. and Physics. Deviation from a parti- 
cular line, or from the mean position ; deflexion ; 
e.g. of the sun from the equator, or of an inferior 
planet from the sun (= ELONGATION 1). 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef, vi. iv. 288 This digression 
[ofthe Sun] is not equall, but neare the A.quinoxiall intersec- 
tions, it is right and greater, near the Solstices, more oblique 
and lesser. 1705 C. Pursnat. Mech, Macrocosm 122 ‘Vheir 
Degression, or Departure North, and South, are sometimes 
Greater, and sometimes Less, than that of the Sun. 1726 
tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 116 These lesser Bodies may be 
lessen’d till that digression or those mutual attractions be 
less than any given ones. 1837 Brewster J/aguet, 215 
The needle having arrived at the limit of its western digres- 
sion. 1847 Craic, Digression, in Astronomy, the apparent 
distance of the inferior planets, Mercury and Venus, from 
the sun. : ; 

Digressional (digre‘fonal), a. [f. prec. + -au.] 
Of or pertaining to digression; characterized by 
digression. 

1785 Warton Notes on Milton’s Fuvenile Poems (T.), 
Milton has judiciously avoided Fletcher's digressional orna- 
ments. 1787 Heap.ey On Daniel's Poems (R.), He seems 
fearful of supplying its [his subject’s] defects by digressional 
embellishments. 1841 De Quincey Homer Wks. VI. 326 
He adds a short digressional history of the fortunate shot. 

Digressionary (digre‘fanari), a. [f. as prec. 

+ -Anry.] Of the nature of a digression. 

1741 Betterton’s Eng. Stage 4 A.. short digressionary 
History of the Fate and Fortunes of the most considerable 
Actresses. 1859 Lever Davenport Dunn i, All this is, how- 
ever, purely digressionary, 

Digressive (digresiv, dai-), a. [ad. L. di- 
gressiv-us, £. digress- ppl. stem of digredi: see 
DicrEss v. and -IVE.] ; 

1. Characterized by digressing; diverging from 
the way or the subject ; given to digression ; of the 
nature of, or marked by, digression. 

¢161x Cuapman /diad xiv. 105 These digressive things 
Are such as you may well endure. 1641 ‘SmectymMNuvus’ 
Vind. Answ. § 2. 30 We will not make digressive excur- 
sions into new controversies. 1651 Baxter /uf. Baft. Apol. 
15, I came not to satisfie the people .. by digressive dis- 
courses .. but to dispute with him. 1745 Exviza Heywoop 
Female Spectator (1748) 11. 310 But all this .. is digressive 
of the subject Isat down to write upon. 1783 H. Biair Lect. 
39 (Seagar) Pindar is perpetually digressive and filis up his 
poems with fables of the gods and heroes. 1874 I. Harpy 
Far from Madding Crowd |, xxvi. 285 That remark seems 
somewhat digressive. ; 

+ 2. That turns any one out of his way. Ods. rare. 

c161x Cuapman /diad x, Argt., Then with digressive wiles 
they use their force on Rhesus’ life. ; ; 

Hence Digre’ssively adv., in a digressive manner; 
Digre‘ssiveness, the quality of being digressive. 

1731-1800 Baitry, Digressively, by way of Digression. 
1768 Woman of Honor \V.92 An example, which you will 
hardly think digressively introduced. 1877 H. A, Pace 
De Quincy II. xix. 163 If it is to blame for not a little of 
his digressiveness, still it imparts to everything he does 
a bouquet. 1879 Farrar St. Paud IL. App. 611 The digres- 
siveness becomes more diffuse. 

|| Digue. [F. digue,in OF. also digue, a. Flem. 
dijk, DIKE q.v.] =Dike. (In reference to Hol- 
land, Flanders, or France. Now only used for 
local colouring.) 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 4 b/1 With the fyrste flodde they 
came before the Digues of Holande [f7. Dignes; ence 
Grarton Chron, II. 210 dignesse]. 1645 City Alarum_1o 
Opposing a Digue to stop the torrent. 1673 Tempe Olds. 
United Prov. Wks. 1731 1. 13 In Zealand they absolutely 
gave over the working at their Digues. 1702 Dennis Afovti- 
ment xvi. 8 Whose stately Tow’rs Are to the Storms of 
Arbitrary Pow’r, What its Digues are to the Tempestuous 
Main. 1886 A thenzum 22 May 686/1 Girls gossiping on the 
digue of stone which defends the place against the sea. » 

Digust, rare obs. var. of Disaust. 

|| Di ia (daidzinia). Bot. [mod.L. (Linnaeus 
1735) f. Gr. &-, Di-2 + yuvy woman, wife + abstr. 
ending -ta,-za.] The second Order in many classes 
of the Linnean Sexual System, comprising plants 
having two pistils. 

1762 in Hupson Flora Anglica. 1794 Martyn Roussean's 
Bot. x. 1858 Carrenter Veg. Phys. § 458 One portion 
of the class Pentandria, order Digynia, corresponds with 
the Natural Order Umbelliferae. 

Hence Di-gyn, a plant of the order Digynia; 
Digy‘nian, Digy‘nious adjs., belonging to the 
order Digynia; Ditgynous (dai'dzines) a., having 
two pistils. 

1806 J. Gatrine Brit. Bot. 390 Carex Digynous; spikes 
filiform, 1828 Wesster, Digyn. Ibid., Digynian. 1847 
Craic, hry 1850 Comstock Jutrod. Bot. (ed. 21) 
470 (Gloss.) Digynous, having two styles. 

Dihedral (daihrdral), a. Cryst. Also diedral, 
[f. next +-aL: cf. F. diédre in same sense.] 

1. Having or contained by two planes or plane 
faces. Dihedral angle, the inclination of two planes 
which meet at an edge. Dihedral summit, a summit 
(of a crystal) terminating in a dihedral angle. 

1799 G. Smitu Laboratory 1. 2 Terminating in dihedral 
| Screg 1808 THomson in Phil. Trans. XCVIII. 69 

xalate of potash .. crystallizes in flat rhomboids. .termi- 
nated by dihedral summits, 1826 Henry Elem, Chenz, 1. 


DIIAMB. 


38 Variations of temperature produce a .. difference in .. 
a crystal of carbonate of lime. . As the temperature increases, 
the obtuse dihedral angles diminish .. so that its form ap- 
proaches that of a cube. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem, II. 
124 [In the rhombic dodecahedron] The dihedral angles 
formed by the meeting of the faces are all equal to 120°, 

2. Math. Of the nature of a dihedron. 

1893 Harkness & Mortey Theory of Functions 29 A simple 
dihedral configuration. 1893 Forsytu Functions of a Cont- 
flex Variable 625 Functions which are unaltered for the 
dihedral group of substitutions. 

Dihedron (daihzdrgn). AZath. [mod. f. Gr. &-, 
bic- twice + €5pa seat, base: cf. tetrahedron.) In 
the geometrical theory of groups, the portion of 
two superposed planes bounded by (or contained 
within) a regular polygon. 

According to Klein, the six regular solids are dihedron 
(dieder), tetrahedron, octahedron, cube or hexahedron, 
ikosahedron, pentagon-dodecahedron. 

[1828 Wenster, Dihedron, a figure with two sides.] 1888 
G. G. Morrice tr. 7. Adein's Lect. on Ikosahedron 3 We 
can denote this latter by considering the portion of the plane 
limited by the sides of the n-gon to be doubled, as a regular 
solid—a dihedron, as we will say: only that this solid, con- 
trary to the elementary notion of such, encloses no space. 

|| Dihe-lios. 4st. Also dihelium (in mod. 
Dicts. dihely), [mod.L. f. Gr. &- = &d@ through 

+ HAs sun.] (See quot.) 

1727-51 Cuambers Cycé., Drhelios, in the elliptical astro- 
nomy,a name which Kepler gives to that ordinate of the 
ellipsis, which passes through the focus, wherein the sun is 
supposed to be placed. 

Dihe'ptyl. Chem.: see Di- 2 and Hepryt. 

Dihexagonal (dei:heksa-génal), a. Cryst. 
[f. Di-2 + Hexaconan.] Having twelve angles, 
of which the first, third, fifth, ... eleventh, are 
equal to one another, and the second, fourth, sixth, 
... twelfth, also equal to one another, but those 
of the one set not equal to those of the other; as 
a dihexagonal pyramid or prism. See also quot. 
1864. 

1864 Wrsster, Dihevagonal, consisting of two hexagonal 
parts united ; thus, a dihexagonal pyramid is composed of 
two hexagonal pyramids placed base to base. 1895 Story 
MASKELYNE Crys¢adlog. 141 Symmetry of a form dihexagonal. 
Ibid. 277 Two dihexagonal quoins form the vertices of 
the pyramids, and are composed by edges S and & alternat- 
ing with each other, adjacent edges representing dihedral 
angles of different magnitude. /ééd@. 278 The dihexagonal 
prism or hexagonal diprism. 

+ Di-hexahe'dral, a. Cryst. Ods. [f. as next 
+ -AL.) Having twice six faces : see quot. 

1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 203 Di-hexa- 
hedrad (di-hexaedre), when it is a six-sided prism, having 
three planes on the extremities. [204] Example, Di-hexa- 
hedral felspar (feldspath di-hexaédre), which is a broad six- 
sided prism, bevelled on the extremities, the bevelling planes 
set on two opposite lateral edges, and on each of the 
extremities, one of the angles, formed by the meeting of the 
bevelling planes with the lateral edges, and on which they 


are set, truncated. 

Di-hexahe'dron. Cryst. [f. D1-2+HeExa- 
HEDRON.] A six-sided prism with trihedral sum- 
mits, making twelve faces in all. Also sometimes, 
a double hexagonal pyramid. 

1888 Amer. Naturalist XXII. 247 Dihexahedra of quartz 
and various rare minerals are noted in them [trap dikes in 
Scotland]. 

Dihoti, var. of Diort, wherefore. 

+ Dithtende. Oés. rare—}. [early ME., subst. 
use of pr. pple. of adhten, OE. dihtan to rule: sce 
Licur.}] Ruler, disposer. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 123 Almihti god . shuppende and 
wealdende . and dihtende of alle shafte. 

Dihydric (deihoi-drik), a. Chem. [f. Di- 2 + 
Hypric.] Applied to a compound of two atoms 
of hydrogen with an acid radical ; denoting dibasic 
acids regarded as salts of hydrogen, as dihydric 
sulphate =sulphuric acid H,SO,. 

1876 Hartey Mat, Med. 187 It..is readily soluble in 
water acidulated with an excess of citric acid, when the 
acid or magnesic dihydric citrate is formed. 

Dihydrite (deihsi-drait), Ad. [f. Gr &-, 
Di- 2 + H5wp, bdp- water + -1TE.] A variety of 
pseudomalachite or native phosphate of copper, 
containing two equivalents of water. 


1868 Dana A/in. 568. 

Dihydro-, dihydr-. Chem. [f. Dir? + 
Hypr(0)-.] Having two atoms of hydrogen in 
combination. 

1873 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 334 Dihydro-tetrasodic car- 
bonate may be regarded as a compound of the neutral and 
acid salts. : Mate 

Dihydrobromide, -chloride, -iodide. Chem. 
See D1i- 2 and HypRoBROMIDE, etc. 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 559 The dihydrobromides 
and dihydriodides have the same composition as the di- 
bromides of the olefines. 

.Dihydro:xyl, a. Chem. Sce Di-2 and Hy- 
DROXYL. 

1875 H. C. Woop 7%eraf. (1879) 72 The dihydroxyle 
quinia is physiologically inert. 

Diiamb (doijsizmb). Pros. Also in L. form 
diiambus (in 8 dijambus). [ad. L. d¢-cambus, 
Gr. 5:fapBos a double iambus, f. &:-, Di- + + tapBos 
iambus.] A metrical foot consisting of two iambs. 


DI-IODIDE. 


1753 CHamBers Cyc?, Supp, Dif -aie pounded 
of two iambies, as sévéritds. 1844 Beck & Fenton tr. 
Munk's Metres 10 Feet of six times...“ —~— Diiambus, 


Diiamb. 7 : 

Di-iodide (doaijai-ddaid). Chem. [f. Di-2 + 
IopmpE.] A compound of two atoms of iodine 
with a dyad element or radical, as mercuric di-io- 
dide, Hg I,. 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 227 The di-iodide melts at 
110°, 1881 Athenzum 9 Apr. 496/1 On the Co-efficients of 
Exp of the Diiodide of Lead (Pb I,). 

Di-iodo-, di-iod-. Chem. [f. Di- 2 + Iop(o)-. 
Having two atoms of iodine replacing two o' 
bycisogen, as di-iodomethane CH, 1,. 

1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 417 Prepared by the action of 
caustic potash on di-bromo- or di-iodo-salicylic acid. 1877 
Watts — cane. Il. 68 pe 7 hane. .crystalli 
in colourless shining laminz of specific gravity 3-34. 

Di-isopentyl, di-isopropyl. Chem. See Di-2 
and Iso-. . 

Diject, obs. erron. form of Drsxcr v. 

+ Dijudicant. 00s. rare. [ad. L. dijitdicant- 
em, pr. pple. of dijidicare: see next.] One who 
judges, determines, or decides. 

1 GLANVILL Scepsis Sef, xxvii. 226 If great Philosophers 
doubt of many things, which —- dijudicants hold as 
certain as their Creeds. 1691 Woop A ¢h. Oxon. 11. 496 He 
.. did altogether disapprove the streightness and sloath of 
elder dijudicants. 

udicate (daidz#dikeit),v. Now rare. [f. 
L. dijiidicat-, pa. ppl. stem of dijiidicare to judge, 
determine, f. d7- apart (Di-1) + jidicare to judge.] 
a. intr. To judge or pass judgement between con- 
tending parties or in contested matters; to deter- 
mine, decide. 

1607 WALKINGTON Of¢. Glass 3 The... touchstone of true 
wisdome which dijudicates not according to external sem- 
blances. 1641 Bratuwatt Eng, [ntelligencer u, It being 
solely in your powers to dijudicate of his necessity. 1656 
in Biount Glossogr. 1676 W. 
People 5 Dijudicating of the time and season. 

b. trans. To judge of; to pronounce judgement 
on, decide formally or authoritatively. 

1666 J. Smit Old Age (ed. 2) 41 To dijudicate them as 
they are in themselves, and to discern them as they differ 
from all other. 1865 Pusey E£vrenicon 32 (tr. Bossuet) The 
matter being dijudicated. 

Hence Diju‘dicating v0/. sd. 

a 1656 Hates Gold. Rem. 260 (T.) The church of Rome.. 
commends unto us the authority of the church in dijudicat- 


ing of scriptures. | 
udica‘tion. [ad. L. dijadica- 


Now vave. 


Huspsarp Happiness of | 


358 


|| Dikamali (dikamali). Z. /nd. Also deca- 
malee. [Marathi dikamali.] ‘The native name of 
a resinous which exudes from the ends of young 
shoots of Gardenia lucida, a rubiaceous shrub o: 
India. 

1858 Simmons Dict. Trade, Decamalee-gum .. obtained 
from the Gardenia lucida of Roxburgh. 1866 Treas. 
Bot., Decamalee or Dikamali. « Drury Useful 
Plants Ind. 224 A fragrant resin, known..as Dikamali 
resin is procured from the tree, which is said to be useful in 
hospitals. 1879 F. Pottok Sfort. Brit. Burmah 1. 247 
Boil the powdered Gallnut in the oil, then add the dikkama- 
lay, and when it is melted, strain, 

Dike, dyke (dik), sd. Forms: 1-3 die, 3-5 
dik, 4 dick, 4-7 dyk, 4-9 dike, dyke, (6 dyik, 
dycke, 7 dicke, deeke, 7-9 deek, 8 (d/a/.) dick. 
[OE. dic masc. and (esp. in -later use) fem., ditch, 
trench, cognate with OS., OFris. d/# masc., mound, 
dam, MDnu. dijc mound, dam, ditch, pool, Du. dijk 
dam; MLG. dfk, LG. dik, dick dam, MHG. éich 
pond, fishpond, Ger. ¢e7ch pond, also (from LG.) 
deitch embankment ; Icel. d/h, d/ki neut. ditch, fish- 
pond, Sw. dike ditch, Da. dige dam, embankment, 
formerly also ‘ditch’. The application thus varies 
between ‘ditch, dug out place’, and ‘mound 
formed by throwing up the earth’, and may in- 
clude both. The OE. déc has given ditch as well 
as dike, and the conditions under which the two 
forms severally have arisen are not clear: cf. LIKE. 
The spelling dyke is very frequent, but not etymo- 
logical.] 

I. +1. An excavation narrow in proportion to 
its length, a long and narrow hollow dug out of 
the ground ; a Dire, trench, or fosse. Oés. 

Used from ancient times as the boundary of lands or fields, 
as the fence of an enclosure, as the defence or part of the 
defences of a camp, castle, town, or other entrenched place. 
In such excavations water usually gathers or flows: hence 
sense 2. 

47 Charter in Sweet O. F. 7 434 Donne on done dic, 
Sar esne Sone weg fordealf. cgoo Bada's Hist, 1. v. (1890) 
32, & hit begyrde and zefestnade mid dice and mid eord- 
wealle from sx to sa. 1016 O. E. Chron. 7 May, And dulfon 
pa anemycele dic. c120g Lay. 15472 Pa pe dic wes idoluen, 
& allunge ideoped, Pa bi-gunnen heo wal a pere dic [1275 
a pan dich) ouer al, a 1300 Cursor MM. 9399 \Cott.) A dipe 
dik (v7. dick, diche) par es a-bute [pe castel] Dughtili 
wroght wit-vten dute. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace 


| (Rolls) 5829 Til be [Severus] dide make an ouerthwert 


tion-em deciding, n. of action from diimdicare: see | 


prec.] 

1. The action of judging (between matters) ; judi- 
cial distinction, discernment, discrimination. 

1549 GRINDAL Rem. (1843) 198 Speaking of the dijudication 
of the sacraments. 1653 H. More Conject. Cadbbal. (1713) 
134 Because Dijudication implies a Duality in the Object, 
it 1s called Ataxprors. 1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 
76 Surely heaven will not render the Soul less capable of 
dijudication. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Zechn., Diacrisis, is a 
distinction and dijudication of Diseases and Symptoms. 
1835 C. Hovce Comm. Kom, xiv. 392 Vhe former. .means 
the faculty of discrimination . .dijudication, judgment. 

2. The pronouncing of a judgement; authorita- 
tive decision. 

1615 Byrie.p E-xfos. Coloss. i, 20 Discretion or dijudica- 
tion of the cause. 1651 J. Rocket Christian Subj. xi. (1658) 
123 He likewise assumes to himselfe the power of Dijudica- 
tion in all causes. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1v. 204 Plato 
adds..the beginning and end of this controversie ought to 
be brought to the people, but the examen and dijudication 
to the three chief Magistrates. 

+ Diju'dicative, a. [f. L. ppl. stem dijadicat- 
(see above) +-IvE.] Determinative, decisive. 

1659 Stantey //ist, Philos. 11, 1. 100 ‘To number all 
things referegce have—that is to dijudicative reason. 

+ Dijunge, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dijungére to 
disjoin, f. dz- apart (Di-1) + jungére to Join.) 
trans. To disjoin, divide, separate. 

1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 1. 474 The. .line of separa- 
tion dijunging the province of organism from the rest of the 
mechanism territory. 

Dik, obs. form of Dike. 

|| Dika (doi-ka). Wk African name.] In dika- 
bread, a vegetable substance somewhat resembling 


cocoa, prepared from the fruit of a West African 
species of mango-tree (Mangifera nensis). 


Dika-fat, -oil, the fatty substance of dika-bread. 
1859 Pharmac. Fni. Ser. u. 1. 308 Mr. P. L. Simmonds 
introduced to the notice of the meeting a specimen of 
Dika bread from Gaboon, on the West Coast of Africa. 
Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 330 The fruit, which is 
about as large as a swan’s thar a — almond 


| 3eid on athir side, Schott doun the wall. 


dik, Bitwyxte to sees a ful gret strik. ¢1380 Wyciir Serm. 


| A maner dyk off stanys thai 


Sel. Wks. I. 11 If be bal ser lede be blynde bope fallen in pe | 


dyke. Wallace u. 125 Atour the dike thai 
1535 Goodly 
Prymer Ps. vii. 15 He is fallen into the dyke which he 
made, 1§73 Tusser //sb. To Rdr. (1878) 12 Here we see, 
Things severall be, And there no dike, But champion like. 
1575 Cuurcnyarp Chifpes (1817) 85 The cheef capitaine 
Manneryng had his deathes wounde, and fell doune in the 
dike before the gate. 

2. Such a hollow dug out to hold or conduct 
water; a Ditcu. 

Cf. February fill-dike : see Fesruary 2. 

¢ 893 K. AELrrep Ores. u. iv. §7 Ymbutan pos weall is se 
masta dic, on bam is iernende se ungefoglecesta stream. 
c1400 Destr. Troy 1566 With depe dikes and derke doubull 
of water. 1549 Compd. Scot. vi. 38 The fresche deu, quhilk 
of befor hed maid dikis and dailis verray donc. 1594 PLAT 
Fewell-ho. u. 60 Syr Edward Hobbie..hath stored certeine 


©1470 Henry 


dikes in the Ile of Sheppey, with sundrie kindes of Sea-fish, | 


into which dikes by sluces, he doth let in. .change of sea- 
water. 1634-5 Brereton 7rav. (1844) 43 An invention well 
deserving to be put in practice in England over all moats or 
dykes. a@ oy! et Corton Poet. Wks. (1765) 108 In Dike 
lie, Drown'd like a Puppy. 1693 Everyy De da Quint. 
Compl. Gard. VA. 184, 1 made..some little dikes or water- 
courses about a foot deep..to receive the mischievous 
waters. 1 Drvven Virg. Georg. 1. 441 Whole sheets 
descend of slucy Rain, The Dykes are fill’d. 1791 Cotting- 
ham Inclos, Act. 28 Division drains or dikes and ditches, 
18ar Crare Vill, Minstr. 1. ra Some rushy dyke to jump, 
or bank to climb, 1873 G. C. Davies Mount. §& Mere vi. 
49 A heron sailed majestically away from a dyke. 

b. Extended to any water-course or channel, in- 
cluding those of natural formation. On_ the 
Humber, a navigable channel, as Goole Dike, 
Doncaster Dike, etc. (A local use.) ‘ 

1616 Suri. & Markn. Country Farme 345 The water may 
haue a descent or falling away into some Brooke, River, or 
other Dike. 1728 Pore Dunc. 11.261 Thames, The King of 
dykes ! 1853 nities Rivers Vorksh. viii. 216 Dikes .. in 
the low marshy en a ditches, and even canals, becks, 
and rivers are so call 1883 // ld Gloss., Dike 
. .a watercourse or stream, as Rushfield Dyke, = bridge 
Dyke, Denby ag be fast-flowing water. 1888 S/efie 
ps tg Dike or dyke, a river or collection of water..The 
Dos or Dun ot Wedeienhs fas pea wy ry ato _ 1893 

lator 12 Aug. 21 iy g East rivers, 
cir into " bee ds and dykes’, 


having an a ble taste. ‘T » when ¢ ly 
bruised and wa: ssed, form dika-bread, which has 
a grey colour, with white spots, smells like roasted cocoa 
a roasted flour..and is greasy to the touch. Dika-bread 
contains a large quantity of fat. 1888 W. T. Brannt Anim. 
§ Veget. Fats 320 Dika oil, oba oil, or wild mango oil is 
obtained from. .a tree indigenous to the west coast of Africa. 

Dikage, dykage. Also 7 dicage, dyckage. 
[f. Dike +-acx.] work of diking. 


1634 (title), Boke of Accounts of the Participants of the 
D: e of Haitfield chace (in J. Tuckett Catal. MSS. 
Apr. (1868) 54). 1652 in Stonehouse A xholme (1839) 91 The 


dicage and draynage of the Levell of Hatfield Chase. 


3. A small pond or pool. dial. 
ng erp yore Yorksh. oor ned yoite of 
water, “HALLIWELL, , 2 A sma 
once ae Hothune "Gloss, Dike, a ditch; in Nforth 
olderness], a pond. 1889 V. W. Linc. Gloss., Dyke, a 
comes lakelet, mere, or pond—as Shawn Dyke formerly on 


rumby Common. 

+4. Any hollow dug in the ground ; a pit, cave, 
or den. Ods. 

c1ago Gen. & Ex. 281 Twen heuone hil and helle dik. 
a1340 Hamrote Psalter ix. gx He waytes in hidell as leon 
in ean Lbid. cx\viii.7 uns ere.. out 


The earh 


DIKE. 


paire diks. Pilgr. Sowle (Caxt .u H 
ye Gogg ayy Ae 4 


II. An embankment, wall, causeway. - 

5. ‘A bank formed by throwing the earth out of 
the ditch’ (Bosworth). 
existence of this sense in Eng. is doubtful: 
mena the OE. quotations for which it is assumed in 

h-Tolier, tox. 

1487 Newminster Cartud. (1878) 263 An olde casten dike. 
re Tsa, xxix. 3, 1 wil laye sege to the rounde 
aboute and graue vp dykes agaynst ye. 1595 DaLrymrLe 
Leslie's Hist. Scot. w. (1895) 1. e dyk uene Abir- 
corne and clyd mouth .. be a noble capitane Grame 
was .. d e quh -- it is 3it called Grames 
Dyke. 1853 Puiturs Rivers Vorksh, viii. 215 Earthworks 
-. constructed for defence .. Such are the dike at Flam- 


| borough [etc.]. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., There are many” 


earth-works of ancient date which are commonly called 
dikes. One such is known as the Black-dyke. .there are also 
several Grime's dikes, or Graham's dikes on the Borders. 

6. A wall or fence. +a. The wall of a city, a 
fortification. Obs. Son 

c Destr. Troy 1533 Sone he raght vpon rowme, rid vp 
be epics, Serchit vp the soile pere pe Citie was. ¢ 
Melayne 125 And sythen pou birne vp house and dyke. 
1535 STEwART Cron, Scot. (1858) 1. 13 Syne forcit it with 
fowseis mony one, And dowbill dykes that stalwart wer of 
stone. 

b. A low wall or fence of turf or stone serving 


as a division or enclosure. 

Now the regular sense in Scotland. Dry-stone dyke, a 
wall constructed of stones without mortar, as usual on the 
northern moors; /ai/ dyke, one made of sods or turf cut in 


squares. 
¢ Wystoun Cron. vii. xxxvii. 112 The mwde wall 
dykis pai kest all downe. 


1470 Henry Wallace ul. 133 
es geht 1558 Q. Kennepiz 
Compend. Tractive in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 1. 145 The 
dyik or closure of the wyne-zard. 1609 Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 
289 For mending of the church dicke iiijd. Row 
Hist. Kirk (1842) 434 She. .climbed got over the 
dyke in tothe yaird. 1774 Pennant /our Scotl. in 1772. 
gt It was well defended by four ditches and five dikes. /did. 
182 A great dike of loose stones. 1802 Home Hist. Reb. v, 
He came to a dry stone dyke that was in his way. > 4 
J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xv, Clods of 
toppled from the garden dyke into the ditch. 

ec. In some dialects applied to a hedge, or a fence 
of any kind. 

1567-8 Durham Depfos. (Surtees) 8; That she should teir 
acheffe and a neckurcheffe of adycke. 1878 Cumdbid. Gloss., 
Dyke, deyke, a hedge. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Dike, 
dyke, a fence.. applied alike to a hedge, a ditch, an earthen, 
or a stone wall when used as a fence. A dike stower is 
a hedge stake. 

7. A ridge, embankment, long mound, or dam, 
thrown up to resist the encroachments of the sea, 
or to prevent low-lying lands from being flooded 
by seas, rivers, or streams. 

Such are the dikes of Holland, and of the English coasts 
round the Humber and Wash. 
er Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 2 The walles, dyc 

nm 


es .. and other defenses by the costes of the sea. 
1 Cow ey Davideis w. The main Channel of an 
high-swoln Flood, In vain by Dikes and broken works with- 


stood. Howewt For. Trav. (Arb.) 73 Seeing their 
Dikes st asaninas in the Netherlands. 1703 MaunpreLt 
Journ. Ferus. (1732) 20 A e Dike thirty yards over at 
top. 1756 Nucent Gr. Zour 1. 156 The land here is lower 
than the waters ; for which reason they have the strongest 
dams or dykes in the whole country. 1766 Grsson Decé. § 
F. 1. xxiv. 705 The camp of Carche was protected by the 
lofty dykes of the river. 2832 tr. Sismondi's /tal. Rep. 
v. 107 They undertook the immense labour. .of making dikes 
to preserve the plains from the inundation of the rivers. 
. A beavers’ dam. mo 
1774 Gotvsm. Nat. /Hist.(1776) 1V. 164 They. .are equally 
tncheaneione in the erection of their lodges, as their dikes. 
ec. A jetty or pier running into the water. /oca/. 


1 Brann Newcastle 1. note, Qu Why are 
Bh.» J, in the ¢ languege of the beckon, balled 
dikes? 182g E. Mackenzie “ist. Northuybld. 11. 425 
A pier or dike run out at the entrance at Blyth Har- 


ae raised causeway. eee 
‘axton Chron, Eng. xxii. (1482) 21 Two weyes 
tut tes made in bossyng thurghout the land that one is 
callyd fosse and that other fosse dyke. 1774 Gotvsm. Vat. 
Hist. (1862) 1. v1. v. 480 This dike, or causey, is i 
ten, and sometimes twelve feet thick, at the foundation. 
1843 Prescorr Mexico 1. viii. (1864) 187 The Spaniards 
came on the great dike or causeway. ~ My Northumbld. 
Gloss., Dikes were also frequently trackways. 

8. fig. A barrier, obstacle, or obstruction, 

1770 Yunius Lett. xxxvi. 171 Gain a decisive victory ..or 
.. perish bravely .. behind the last dike of the prerogative. 
18ax Byron Yuan ui. xcv, He there builds up a formidable 
dyke Between his own and others’ intellect. I. Tayior 
Fanat, vi. 165 If .. the dyke of despotism not bulged 
and gaped. shes Morey Dutch Ref. u. i. (1866) 128 A solid, 
substantial dyke against the arbitrary power which was for 
ever chafing and fretting to d y its i 

9. Mining (Northumd.). A fissure in a stratum, 


789 Brann Newcastle 11. 679 Dikes are the largest kind 
of fissures. .a crack, .of the a 
between the two sides of the. owe wed is denominated a clay- 
stone-dike, etc, 1892 Northumdé, 


at a lower level, 
a level, 


DIKE. 


b. Hence, in Geol. A mass of mineral matter, 
usually igneous: rock, filling up a fissure in the 
original strata, and sometimes rising from these 
like a mound or wall, when they have been worn 
down by denudation. 

1802 Prayrair Jllustr. Hutton. Th. 67 Whin..exists..in 
veins (called ip Scotland dykes) traversing the strata. 1843 
Portiock Geol. 114 A trap dike of considerable size .. cuts 
through the chalk. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xii. (1852) 261 
Shattered and baked rocks, traversed by innumerable dykes 
of greenstone. 1865 Livincstone Zamzbesi ix. 185 A dyke 
of black basaltic rock crosses the river, 1875 Lye. Princ. 
Geol. 1. 11. xxv. 628 The inclined strata. .are intersected by 
veins or dikes of compact lava. 

ce. Blue dike: see quot. 

1855 Dawson Acadian Geol. iii. 25 Near the edge of the 
upland, it [the’soil] passes into a gray or bluish gray clay 
called ‘blue dike’, or, from the circumstance of its contain- 
ing many vegetable fragments and fibres, ‘corky dike’. 

10. attrib. and Comdb., as dike-back, -bottom, -delver, 
-road, -side; dike-hopper, the wheatear; dike- 
louper (.S¢.), a person or animal (e.g. an ox or 
sheep) that leaps over fences; fig. a transgressor of 
the laws of morality ; +dike-row, a row of trees 
bordering a field; dike-seam, a seam or bed of 
coal worked nearly on end (déa/.). 

a@ 1400-50 Alexander 712 Pat doune he drafe to pe depest 
of the dyke bothom. 1530 Lynpesay Jest. Papyngo 992 
Now dyke lowparis dois in the kirk resort. 1664 SPELMAN 
Gloss. s. v. Thenecium, Arbores crescentes circa agros pro 
clausura eorum. Volgo dicimus Dike vowes. a 1810 ‘T'ANNA- 
HILL Barrochan Fean Poems (1846) 117 Around the peat- 
stacks, and alangst the dyke-backs, 1810 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Desf. VII. 72, I request you to have the dyke roads 
on the island well ascertained and known, 1847-78 Hatui- 
WELL, Dike-cam, a ditch bank. North. 1852 Meanderings 
of Mem, 1. 15 Dyke-cloistered Taddington, of cold intense. 
Jbid. 1.57 The dikeside watch when Midnight-feeders stray. 
1876 Whitby Gloss., Diker or Dike-delver, a ditcher; a 
digger of drains. ; 

e, dyke (daik), v. Also 4 (Sc.) dik. [f. 
Dike sé. OE. had déctan; but the ME. and modern 
verb is prob. a new formation.] 

1. intr. To make a dike, ditch, or excavation; 
to dig. 
_ [900 Bada’s Hist. t.ix. § 3 (1890) 46 Par Seuerus se casere 
iu het dician and eorpwall gewyrcan.] 1377 LancL. P. Pl. 
B. v. 552, I dyke and I delue, I do pat treuthe hoteth. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Proé. 538 He wolde..dyke and delue, For 
cristes sake, for euery poure wight. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 
379/43 Effodio, to dyke, or delve. c1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1 

yken, or make a dyke, P acre 1483 Caster Fables of AE sop 
2b, He sente hym..to dyke and delve in the erthe. ¢1530 
Ploughman § Paternoster in Rel. Ant. 1. 43 He cowde .. 
dyke, hedge, and mylke a cowe. 1573 Tusser Husd, xxiii. 
(1878) 6r When frost will not suffer to dike and to hedge. 
1892 St. Brooke Z. Eng. Lit. ix. 202 Men at work dyking 
and delving, ploughing and clodding. 

+ 2. trans. To excavate, dig out (a ditchorhollow). 

¢1350 Will. Palerne 2233 Pei saie..a semliche quarrere.. 
al holwe newe diked. 1393 Lane. P. Pl. C, xxi. 365 To 
delue and dike a deop diche. 

3. trans. To provide with a dike or dikes, in 
various senses. a. To surround with dikes or 
trenches; to entrench. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 272 Now dos Edward dike 
Berwik brode and long, Als pei bad him pike, and scorned 
him in per song. 1375 Barsour Bruce xvu. 271 [He] ger 
dik thame so stalwardly. cxqg00 Maunpev, (Roxb.) ix. 35 It 
es wele walled all aboute and dyked [fermez entour ad bonz 
JSossez\. 1513 Douctas nes vi. iv. 6 Ane dirk, and pro- 
found caue .. Quhilk wes weill dekkit [ed. 1553 dykit] and 
closit for the nanis With ane foule laik. 1538 LeLanp ///n. 
I. 38 A praty Pile or Castelet wel dikid, now usid for a 
Prison, 1555 WatrEMAN /ardle Facions Pref. 8 [They]... 
diked in themselues. - 

b. To enclose with an earthen or stone wall. Sc. 

¢1575 Batrour Practicks (1754) 145 (Jam.) And dike and 


| 
| 
| 


wd the samin surelie and keip thame sikkerlie. 1774 | 
n 


ENNANT Zour Scotl. in 1772. 336 A fortress diked rou 

with stone. é 
¢e. To defend with a dike or embankment against 
the sea or river; in quot. 1813 adsol. 

@ 1687 Petty Pol. Arith. i. (1691) 14 In the Marshes, Im- 
passible ground Diked and ‘Trenched. 1808 J. Bartow 
Columb. we. 532 Quay the calm ports and dike the lawns 
Ilave. 1813 Scotr Let, to Miss ¥. Baillie 10 Jan. in Lock- 
hart, 1 have been. .dyking against the river. 1862 Marsu 
Eng. Lang. 50 The low lands, subject to overflow by the 
German Ocean. .were not diked. 

3. To clean out, scour (a ditch or water-course). 

1519 Presentm. Furies in Surtees Misc. (1890) 31 All watter- 
sewers..be on and scoried, 1562 Act 5 Eliz.c. 1387 
The Heyes, Fences, Dikes or Hedges. .shall from Time to 
Time be diked, scoured, repaired and kept low. 

4. To place (flax or hemp) in a dike or water- 
course to steep. 

1799 A. Youne Linc. Agric. 164 Pull it the beginning of 
August..Bind and dyke it : leave it in about ten days. 

Diked, dyked (daikt), 247. a. [f. Dix +-zp.] 
Furnished with a dike or dikes. 

1830 IV’estm, Rev. XI11. 173 Dyked marsh owes its form- 
ation to a natural phenomenon which appears to have been 
in operation for ages on the upper shores of the bay of 
Fun ty. 1884 S. E Dawson Handbk. Dom. Canada 67 
The dyked meadow-lands of the Acadians, 


Dike- ve. Also 7 -greave, 8— digrave. 
[a. MDu. dijegrave, mod.Du. dizkeraaf, f. dijk dike 
+ graaf count, earl.] a. In Holland, an officer 
whose function it is to take charge of the dikes or 


359 


sea-walls. b. In England (esp. Lincolnshire), 
an officer who has charge of the drains, sluices, 
and sea-banks of a district under the Court of 
Sewers; = DIKE-REEVE. Now only dial. (di grave). 

1563 Court-roll Settrington in Yorksh. Archeol. Frnl. X. 
75 Milo Herkey et Johannes Holden electi sunt in officiis le 
dyke graues de anno sequente. 1637 Airton-in-Lindsey 
Fine Rollin N. W. Linc. Gloss., Of lohn Slater and William 
Ellys, dikegreaues, for not executing their office, viij4, c 1645, 


Howe t Lett. 1. i. 5 The chief Dike-Grave here, is one of | 


the greatest Officers of Trust in all the Province. 1672 
Marve Poems, Char. Holland 49 Some small dyke-grave, 
unperceiv’d, invades The pow’r, 1721 New Gen. Atlas 119 
The Dykegrave and his Assistants meet to take care of the 
Dykes, Sluices, Banks, and Channels .. in the Rhineland. 
1721 BaiLey, Digrave, Dike-grave, an Officer who takes care 
of Banks and Ditches. 1889 V. 17. Linc. Gloss., Dykegrave, 
Dykereve, a manorial or parochial officer, whose duty it is 
to superintend the dykes. 

Diker, dyker (dai-ko1). Also 5 dikar, dycare. 
[OE. décere, dikere, f. dic-ian to dike, to ditch; 
in ME, perh. formed anew from DIKE v.] 

1. A man who constructs or works at dikes. 
One who digs ditches or trenches, 

¢ 1000 AELrric Goss, in Wr,-Wiilcker 149/16 Fossor, dikere. 
1377 Lancet. ?. Pd. B. vi. 109 Dikeres and delueres digged 
vp be balkes. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.)1. xlvi. 872/1 
Labourers, deluers and dykers.. ben full poore comonly. 
1587 FLeminG Con‘n, Holinshed ILI. 1541/2 They knew not 
the order of Romneie marsh works .. for they were onelie 
good dikers and hodmen. 1723 ‘THorEsby in PAzl. Trans. 
XXXII. 344 When the Labourers or Dikers first discovered 
‘ ee Jerre. -it might be about the Depth of 8 or 10 Foot. 
1865 KincsLey Herew. (1866) II. ix. 153 ‘Their .. weapons 
were found at times by delvers and dykers for centuries after. 

b. One who builds enclosure walls (of earth or 
dry stone). Sc. 

1497 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. 1. 332 The dikaris of the park 
of Falkland, 1864 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 613 Dry-stone dykers, 
as well as masons, have twenty-four shillings per week. 
1884 J. Tarr in Un. Presbyterian Mag. Apr. 156 He was to 
meat the dykers while bigging the fold yee: 

e. One who constructs embankments. 

1481-90 /Yoward Househ. Bhs. (Roxb.) 510 Payd to Prynce, 
the dyker, for the dykyng off ij. rodde in the old parke of a 
pond ther, viij.s. 

2. A local name of the hedge-sparrow. 

1892 Northumbid. Gloss., Diker, a hedge sparrow. 

Di‘ke-reeve, dyke-. [f. Dike sd. + Rerve: 
perhaps an alteration of dzhke-grave, -greave, by 
identifying its final part with the Eng. veeve, as in 
port-reeve.| An officer appointed or approved by 
the Commissioners of Sewers, to take charge of the 
drains, sluices, and sea-banks of a district of fen 
or marsh-land in England, . 

1665 Act 16 & 17 Charles I/, c.11 §7 Summes of Money.. 


a. 


by the said Dykereeves and Surveyours of Sewers or any of | 


them expended in and about the takeing, repairing and 
amending of any such Breach or Breaches, Goole or Gooles, 
Overflowing or Overflowings of waters. 1726 Laws of Sewers 
189 The Dyke-Reeves, Officers, or other Inhabitants there 
may set down the Slough of such Drains. 1848 Act 12 & 13 
Vict. c. 50 § 3 To appoint one or more competent person or 
persons, being an occupier of sewable lands. .to act as dyke- 
reeve within each of such sub-districts. 1883 Notice 19 Oct. 
(Worle View of Sewers, Weston-super-Mare), Owing to the 
violence of the Gale on the 17th, a Special View of the 
Dyke Reeves was held, and your Work..was found to re- 
quire repairing. Sag Coa hie Court of Sewers, Wapen- 
take of Manley &c., Dec. 17 Being occupiers of not less than 
ten acres of sewable land in the Messingham District. .they 
are hereby appointed to act as dykereeves within the said 


district. 
+ Dikesmowler, dyke-. [f. Dikrsd.] An 


obsolete name of the hedge-sparrow. 
1611 CotGr., Mari cocu, an Hedge-sparrow, Dikesmowler, 


Dunnecke. [1847in HaLuiwELt. 1885 in Swainson Prov. 
Names Brit. Birds.) 

Dike-warden. [f. Dikxe+ Warpen: cf. way- 
warden.) = DIKE-GRAVE. 


1890 Saintspury ss. 253 Seithenyn, the drunken prince 


and dyke-warden. '. eee 

Diking, veg, | (daikin), vd/. sd.  [OE. 
dicung, f. déc-tan to DIKE: see -ING 1.] 

1. The action of making a dike ; the construction 
of dikes (in various senses of the sb.). 

¢ 1000 AELFRic Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 149/15 Fossio, dicung. 
1377 Lanet. P. PZ. B, vi. 250 Eche a wyght wrou3te or in 
dykynge or in deluynge. 1486 Nottingham Rec. I11. 246 
For dykyng at the Cheynybrigg Close. 1526 Customs of 
Pale (Dillon 1892) 82 To minishe everie yere j4 unto the 
time that his betterings of such dikenge be owte or Run 
uppe. 1569 Nottingham Rec. 1V. 135 For dykyng the gret 
dyke in Westcroft. 1641 Best Harm. Bhs. (Surtees) 120 Two 
dayes. .dykinge aboute it. 1726 Laws of Sewers 188 Keep 
the Rivers thereof with sufficient Dyking, Scouring [etc.]. 
1830 N.S.Wneaton ¥rn/. 464 Much of the land. .reclaimed 
from. the marsh by d'tching and dykeing. 1865 CarLyLe 
Fredk. Gt. V1. xvi. viii. 223 Upon this Dollart itself there is 
now to be diking tried. 1884 Manch, Exanz, 6 Sept. 5/2 
The land. .wants draining, and dyking. 

2. Work consisting of dikes. 

1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 153 Defens off herth and dikyng. 
1483 Cath. Angl. 100/1 A Dikynge, fossatus. r1g22 M/S. 
Ace. St. Fohn's Hosp., Canterb., Paied for castyng of xxj 
roddis of dykyng. “ 

8. Comb. diking-boots, stout boots, reaching up 
to the thigh, used in ditching; diking-mitten, a 
glove used by a diker. 

1820 Bewick Mev. (1882) 13 
dyking-mitten“and a sharp 


ene with an apron, an old 
d sickle, to set off among the 


DILANIATE. 


whin bushes. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dikin-beeats, used 
for wading in the water and mud when diking. ~ 

Dikkar, obs. form of Dicker sd,! 

+ Dila‘cerate, f//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dilacerat- 
us torn asunder, pa. pple. of di/acerare: see next.] 
Kent asunder, torn: used is pple. and aaj. 

1602 Warner A/b, Eng. Epit. (1612) 368 England .. dila- 
cerate and infested. .by the Danes. 1608 MippLEton 77ick 
to catch Old-one 1. i, What may a stranger expect from thee 
but vdnera dilacerata, as the poet says, dilacerate dealing ? 
1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl. 489 His dilacerate members. 

Dilacerate (di-, doilz-séreit), v. Also 7 de-. 
[f. ppl. stem of L: dilacerare (f. di-, dés- asunder 
(Di- 1) + dacerare to tear, lacerate) ; also délacerare, 
whence the formerly frequent variant de/acerate.] 

trans. Yo tear asunder, tear in pieces. Also fig. 

a, 1604 R. Caworey Zable Alph., Dilacerate, to rent in 
sunder. 1618 Hist. Perkin Warbeck in Select. Har. 
ATLisc. (1793) 80 You .. know how the house of York hath 
been dilacerated and torn in pieces by the cruel hand of 
tyrants and home-bred wolves, 1634 Sir ‘I’. Herpert 7'vav. 
38 Their eares are extended and dilacerated very much. 
1650 Descr. uture Hist. Europe Pref. 2 ‘The Church is 
dilacerated, the Commonwealth disjoynted. 1708 Motreux 
Rabelais w, li. (1737) 211 All were dilacerated and spoil’d. 
1822 ‘I’. ‘T'avior Apudetus 11 Shall we first dilacerate this 
man? 1848 J. Cartyie tr. Dante's Inferno (1849) 334 
See how I dilacerate myself. , 

B. 1624 T. Scott Vox Cali Ded. 5 The Match long 
since prophetically delacerated. 1647 R. Baron Cyprian 
Acad. 15 Acteons dogs .. greedy to delacerate his limbes 
instead of the innocent beast he persued. 

Hence Dila‘cerated f//. a. 

1650 A. B. A/utat. Polemo Vo Rdr. 2 My poor dilacerated 
Countrey. 1668 H. Morr Div. Dial. wv. xxxiii. (1713) 385 
‘The dilacerated Empire of Rome. 

Dilaceration (di-, daila:séré' fan). Also 7 de-. 
[a. F. dtlacération (1419 in Hatzf.), ad. L. dila- 
ceration-em, n. of action from dilacerare : see prec.] 

1. The action of rending asunder or tearing (parts 
of the body, etc.) ; the condition of being torn 
or rent. 

a, 1634 T. Jounson tr. Parey's Chirurg. x1. i. (1678) 278 
Wounds .. by Gunshot .. are accompanied with contusion, 
dilaceration, [etc.] 1646 Sir ‘I. Browne Pseud. Ep. m1. 
xvi. 146 Conceiving a dilaceration of the ..-belly of the 
viper. 1732 ArsutHNot Rules of Diet 396 Dilaceration of 
the nerveous Fibres. 1805 B. Montacue tr. Bacon’s Wisd. 
Ancients Wks. (Bohn 1860) 259 The riddles of Sphinx.. 
have two conditions annexed. .dilaceration to those who do 
not solve them, and empire to those that do, 1838 Nez 
Monthly Mag. LV. 403 His right-hand nails .. threatened 
instant dilaceration. 


rg. 1545 Jove Lp. Dan, xi. CC ij b, Many dilaceracions 
& divisions. 1610 Heatey St, Aug. Citie of God 731 His 
nobles ,. after his death making ..a dilaceration of his 
monarchy. 1808 Lams Char. Dram. IWrit., Ford Wks. 
531/2 This dilaceration of the spirit and exenteration of the 
inmost mind. 

B. 1624 ‘I. Scotr Vox Cali 58 God himselfe hath. .Con- 
firmed the breach and delaceration of the [Spanish] Match. 
1727 Bairey vol. II, Delaceration, a tearing in pieces. 1755 
in oaneon 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex., Delaceration. 

2. spec. In Dental Surgery, used ‘to describe a 
condition of tooth resulting from displacement of 
the calcified portion from the tissues which are 
instrumental in its production, the development 
being continued after the normal position of the 
calcified part has been lost’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1859 J. Tomes Dental Surg. 164 The crown and the fang 
being joined at an angle, presenting that peculiarity of con- 
formation which has been denominated dilaceration. 1878 
T. Bryant Pract, Surg. 1. 562 Dilaceration is due to a 
shifting of the forming tooth on its base. 

Dilactic (dailktik), @. Chem. [f. Di-2 2+ 
Lactic.] In Délactic acid, a pale yellow, amor- 
phous, easily fusible substance, formed, along with 
lactide, by heating lacticacid. Formula C;H,, O;- 
2.C,H,O)-O, Hy. Its salts are Dila-ctates. 

(So called because it contains two equivalents of lactyl, 
C3 H,4 O, the radical of lactic acid.) 

1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. II. 461. 

Dilambdodont (dailaemdodgnt), a. Zool. [f. 
Gr, &-, Di- 4 + AduBéa the letter lambda, A + d50v7- 
tooth.] Having oblong molar teeth with two A- 
or V-shaped ridges ; as is the case with the Insec- 
tivorous Mammals of the northern hemisphere, the 
mole, hedgehog, etc. 

i ination (doileminéfan). Bot. [n. of 
action from L. di/amindre to split in two, f. d2z-, 
dis- asunder + /amina thin plate, layer.] Separation 
into laminz, or splitting off of a lamina. 

1849 Batrour J/an. Bot. 184 A process of dilamination, or 
chorization. 1875 /é/d. (ed. 5) 371 Parts of the flower are 
often increased bya process of deduplication, unlining, dila- 
mination, or chorization, i.e. the separation of a lamina 
from organs already formed. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dila- 
mination, the separation into layers of parts originally con- 
tinuous. 5 . 

+ Dila‘niate, v. Ods. [f. L. dilaniat- ppl. stem 
of dilaniare to tear in pieces, f. di- apart + lanidre 
to tear.] ‘vans. To rend or tear in pieces. Hence 
Dila‘niated f7/. a. 

1535 W. Oversury Let. to Crumwed in Strype Eccl. Mem. 
I. xxix. 206 There be many perverse men, which do dilaniate 
the flock of Christ. 1597 1s¢ Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ui. i. 
965, I have restored thy dylaniated back .. to those prittie 
clothes wherin thou now walkest. 1644 Howett Zug. 7 ears 
in Harl, Misc. (Malh.) V. 451 Rather than they would 


DILANIATION. 


dilaniate the intrails of their own mother, fair Italy .. they 
met halfway. 1653 W. Sctater Fun, Serm. (1654) 8 Being 
dilaniated, and rent in his body, 

+ Dilania‘tion. Oés. [n. of action f. prec. : 
cf. L, /aniation-em tearing.] The action of tearing 
or rending in pieces. 

1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 11b, The di- 
laniation of Bacchus. a 1656 Br. Hact H’ks. (1837-9) VI. 

48 (D.) To Caionge and provoke the furious lions to his 
Staniation. ecr. Hist. Chas. 11 & Yas. 11 32 The 
scars of his cruel dilaniations. ; 

Dila‘pidate, ppl. a. Obs. or arch. Also 7 
delapidat. [ad. L. dilapidat-us, pa. pple. of di- 
lapidare : see next.) =DILapipaTED. (Chiefly as 
pa. pple.) 

1590 [see next 2]. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 114 
It was taken An. 1622, and by them delapidat and depopu- 
lated. 1865 Kincstey Herew. (1866) I. i. 29 The keep even 
in Leland’s time. .somewhat dilapidate. 

ilapidate (dile'pidet:), v. Also 7-9 de-. 
[ad. L. dilapidare lit. ‘to scatter as if throwing 
stones’, to throw away, destroy, f. ¢z-, dés- asunder 
+/apidare to throw stones, f. /afid-em stone. Taken 
in Eng. in a more literal sense than was usual in L.] 

1. trans. To bring (a building) into a state of 
decay or of partial ruin. Also fig. 

1570 Levins Mautp. 41/36 To Dilapidate, dilapidare. 1634 
Sir T. Herpert 7raz, 216 A ruined Chappell... built by the 
Spaniard, and delapidated by the Dutch. 1706 Sispatp 
Hist, Picts in Misc. Scot. 1. 111 It has been sadly dilapi- 
dated of late, to obtain stones to build a house. 1824 W. 
Irvine 7. Trav, I. 14 The whole side was dilapidated, and 
seemed like the wing of a house shut up. 1 Lowe. 
Frnl. Italy Prose Wks. 1890 I. 208 His whole figure sud- 
denly dilapidates itself, assuming a tremble of professional 
weakness. 

2. fig. To waste, squander (a benefice or estate). 

1590 in Row //ist. Kirk (Maitland) 408 All quho have 
dilapidat benefices .. to the preiudice of the Kirk. 1642 
Futter Holy & Prof. St... vi. 168 Those who by overbuild- 
ing their houses have dilapidated their lands. @1711 Ken 
Serm., Wks. (1838) 160 Nothing..more certainly dilapidates 
their estates..than the surfeits of intemperance. 1844 Lin- 
Gard Anglo-Sax, Ch. (1858) 1. vi. 234 note, Having dilapi- 
dated the revenues. 

absol. 1692 H. Wuarton Def. Pluralities 159 (T.) Many 
pluralists. .do neither dilapidate, nor neglect alms. 

3. intr. To become dilapidated; to fall into 
ruin, decay, or disrepair. 

1712 Pripeaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 25 [Charged] 
with the supervisal..of ..the..House, to see that [it] be 
[not] permitted to dilapidate and fall into decay. 1775 
Jounson Fourn, West. [sl., Elgin, The church of Elgin .. 
was. .shamefully suffered to dilapidate by deliberate robbery 
and frigid indifference, 1858 De Quincey Pope Wks. 1X. 30 
To find one’s fortune dilapidating by changes so rapid. 

Hence Dila‘pidating pf/. a. 

1779-81 Jounson L. P., Dyer, In the neighbourhood of 
dilapidating Edifices. 1805 Wuitaker //ist, Craven 509 
How .. are our dilapidating churches to be rebuilt? 1854 
H. Miuver Sch. & Schm. (1858) 220 Thirty years .. [have] 
exerted their dilapidating effects on [the obelisks). 

Dilapidated (dilx-pide'téd’, pp/. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED!,] Fallen into ruin or disrepair; ruined, 
impaired, broken down. (/7¢, and fig.) 

a 1806 Br. Horsey Ser. xxxv. (R.), The inconvenience 
of succeeding to dilapidated houses. 1817 Str J. Newrorr 
in Parl, Deb, 1484 Vhe danger was to be apprehended from 
the dilapidated state of the finances. 1865 Dickens Mut, 
Fr. u. i, A dilapidated old country villa, 1874 Ruskin Fors 
Clav. 1V. xxxvil. 2 A large and dilapidated pair of woman's 
shoes. 

Dilapidation (dilzx:pidz-fan). Also 5-9 de-. 
= L. dilapidation-em a squandering, n, of action 

. dilapidare; see DILAPIDATE v.] 

1. The action of dilapidating or expending waste- 
fully ; wasteful expenditure, squandering. 

¢1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. x, Sellynge off a 
kynges livelod, is propirly callid delapidacion off his crowne. 
ay R. Cawprey Sable Alph., Dilapidation, wastefull 
spending, or suffering to goe to decay. 1682 Burnet Xigh/s 
Princes Pref. 24 Against the Dilapidations of the Revenues 
of the Church. 1798 Mattnus Popud. (1878) 427 The dilapi- 
dation of the national resources. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ages 
viii. 111. (1855) III. 160 The dilapidation which had taken 
place in the royal demesnes. — ao 

2. The action of bringing (a building, etc.) into 
ruin, decay, or Cirepat 

1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 1. 272 Subject to the dilapida- 
tions of time and the caprice of fashion. 1886 Act 49-50 
Vict. c. 29. § 1 (3) The crofter shall not. .persistently injure 
the holding by the dilapidation of building : 

3. Law. The action of pulling down, allowing to 
fall into a state of disrepair, or inany way impairing 
ecclesiastical property belonging to an incumbency. 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1x. xx. 116 Ane auld abbote swa 
put downe For opyn dilapidatioune. grr CoLer Serm. to 
Conuocacion A vija, Suynge for tithes, for offrynge, for 
mortuaries, for delapidations, by the right and title of the 
churche. ax1613 Oversury Charac., Ordinary Widdow 
Wks. gg = 140 A churchman she dare not venture upon ; 
for she hath heard widowes complain of dilapidations, 
1768 Brackxstone Comm. III. 91 Dilapidations. .are a kind 

ecclesiastical waste, either voluntary, by pulling down ; or 
permissive, by suffering the chancel, parsonage-house, and 
other buildings. .to decay. 1874 Mickteruwaire Mod, Par, 
Churches 237 Experience in the valuation of dilapids 

b. loosely. The sums charged against an incum~ 
bent or his tatives to make good such 
damage incu’ during his incumbency. 

4553 Lanc, Wills (1857) Il. 263, 1 thinke my successors 


360 


cannot ., requyer any dylapidacions ffor Sefton, 1868 
Mitman ‘St. Pand's 4 Ceaiiiakis neues dilapidations 
for the repair of the body of the church. 


attrib. 1772 Ann, Reg. 145 His Lordship .. will lay out 
the dilapidation sum. .in building a house for the see. 

4. The action of falling into decay; the condition 
of being in ruins or in disrepair. (//¢. and fig.) 

1638 Six T, Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2)219 The Calyph pittied 
her delapidations, and .. begun to reare her up againe, and 
builded [etc.]. 1684 Goopman Winter Evening Confer.1. 
(L.), By keeping a strict account of incomes and expences, 
a man might easily preserve an estate from dilapidation. 
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. The works ..are in such 
astate of delapidation. 1860 Mrs. Harvey Cruise Claymore 
xi. 303 In striking contrast to the wretched delapidation of 
the Holy Sepulchre. 1861 F. Hat in Jrvd. Asiat. Soc, 
Bengal 14 An edifice now lying in littered dilapidation. 

5. The falling of stones or masses of rock from 
mountains or cliffs by natural agency. 

1794 Suttivan View Nat. II. 165 In the course of time 
they shall be exposed from the dilapidations of the moun- 
tain. 1816 Keatince 7'rav. (1817) I. 61 The dilapidation 
taking place on the east, has caused an opening .. into the 
heart of the mountain. 1875 Lyewt /’rinc. Geol. 1. . xv. 356 
‘The rocks have been suffering from dilapidation. 

b. concr. A mass or collection of stone which 
has fallen from a mountain or height ; debris. 

1816 KeatincE 7 rav. (1817) 1. 68 Masses of dilapidation 
of various sizes. /é/d, 11. 48 The whole tract is covered 
with reduced dilapidation, either hornstone, trapp, or basalt, 

idator (dilx-pide'ta:), f[agent-n., in L. 
form, from di/apidare; see DILAPIDATE v. and -or. 
Cf. F. dilapidateur (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.] One 
who dilapidates or brings into a ruinous condition ; 
one who allows a building to fall into disrepair. 

1692 H. Wuarton Def, Pluralities 156(T.) You shall 
seldom see a non-resident, but he is also a dilapidator. 1 

Bp. OF Lincotn Adv. Clergy 33 Dilapidators many times die 
insolvent and so leave the whole Burden of the Repair upon 
the Successour, 1812 Sir R. Witson Priv. Diary I. 39, 
I only allowed myself to become a purchaser and not a dilapi- 
dator. 1890 7adlet 24 uy 813 Power to resirain both 
builders and dilapidators within reasonable limits. 

Dilapse, var. of DELaPsE v., to slip down. 

1816 Kratince 7rav. (1817) I. 149 A round hill, one side 
of which has dilapsed nearly perpendicularly. 

Dilash, var. of DELAsH v. Oés., to let off. 

1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 209 He cawsit dilashe sum 


cannons in face of the fyre, to terifie the people to ap- | 


proach. 
Dilatability (doile tabi-liti, di. [f, next: | 
see -1TY.] ‘The quality of being dilatable, capacity _ 


of being dilated. 

1691 Ray Creation 1. (1714) 28 We take notice of the 
wonderful dilatability or extensiveness of the throats .. of 
serpents. | 1773 Phil. Trans. LXIILI. 435 Substances that. . 


differed in their dilatability. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. se | 
y 


‘The law of the dilatability of gases by heat has alre: 
been stated. 1875 Croii Climate & T. vii. 116 Taking the 
dilatability of sea water to be the same as that of fresh. 


Dilatable (dail@-tab’l, di-), a. [f Dmare v. 


| dilatacioun ? 


+-ABLE, Cf. F. délatable (Cotgr. 1611).] Capable | 


of being dilated, widened out, extended, or en- 
larged; expansible. 

1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God x1. v. (1620) 391 They 
will neither make God's essence dilatable nor Timitable. 
ax691 Bovis //ist, Air i. (1692) 1 That thin. .compressible 
and dilatable Body in which we breath. 1782 A. Monro 
Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 28 Owls .. have the pupil very dilat- 
able. 
several forms of natural bodies, gases and vapours are ob- 
served to be most dilatable. 

Hence Dila‘tableness. 

1727 Baicey vol. II., Didatableness, capableness of being 
widened. 

+ Dilatable, a. Ods., erroneous f. DELITABLE 
(also diletabil, dilitable, etc.). 

€ 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 57 A lyf pat may 
noght be chaungyd, a kyngdome ay lastand dilatable, 

Dilatancy (doilétansi, di-). [f next: see 
-ancy.] The property of dilating or expanding ; 
spec. that of expanding in bulk with e of 
shape, exhibited by granular masses, and due to 
the increase of space between their rigid particles 
when their position is changed, 

1885 O. Reynotps in Proc. Brit. Assoc. (title) On the 
Dil y of Media d of Rigid Particles in tact. 
— /bid., A very fundamental property of granular masses, 
To this prspersy he [O. pall vn, pa the name of dilat- 
ancy. tis exhibited in any arrangement rong where 
om of bulk is dependent upon change of shape, 1886 
Sat. Rev. 28 Aug. 295 Owens College had at that time only 
begun to display its ‘dilatancy’, if we may make bold to 


185r Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil. 1. v. 319 Of the. 


DILATATORY. 


+ Di'latate, v. Ods. [f. L. dilatat- stem of 
dilatare: see Deaee v.2] =DILate Kr 3 
SS Serra 

Dilatate (doiléte't), ps7. a. Zool. [ad. L. di- 
latat-us, pa. pple. of dilatare to Ditate.] Dilated. 

1846 Dana Zooph, (1845) 134 Sparingly dilatate at each 


extremity, - , 

Dilatation (doiltz-fan). [a. OF. délatacion, 
-ation (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.)=It. di/atazione, 
Sp. dilatacion, ad. L.. dilatation-em, n. of action f. 
dilata-¥e to DILaTE v.2} 

1. The action or process of dilating; the condition 
of being dilated ; widening out, ex ion, enlarge- 
ment, (Chiefly in Physics and Physiol.) : 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 66 And if pat pe blood go out 
of arterie pou schalt knowe it bi construccion and dilatacion 
of pe same arterie. 1589 Cocan Haven Health <a 

By blowing of the winde or dilatation of the ayre. 

Wonk New Exp. Phys. Mech. i. 28 \t appears not that any 
compression of the Air preceded its spontaneous Dilatation 
or Sapaudhed of it self. 1685 — Effects of Mot. ix. 108 The 
dilatation of metals..by Heat. 1732 Arsutunot Rules of 
Diet 389 There may be a Dropsy .. by a Dilatation of the 
serous Vessels, Henry Elem.Chem.1. 80 The expansion 
or dilatation of bodies .. is an almost universal effect of an 
increase of temperature. 1849 Mrs. SomERVILLE Connect. 
Phys. Sc. xvii. 156 Alternate cond ions and dil of 
the strata. 1871 W. A. Hammonp Dis. Nerv. Syst. 46 The 
emotions of shame, of anger, and others, cause the face to 
become red from dilatation of the blood-vessels. 

Jig. 659 Stancey Hist, Philos. xi.(1701) 590/2 Pleasure 
. .is produced with a kind of dilatation and exaltation of the 
Soul. 1762 Kames Elem. Crit. (1833) 221 We feel a gradual 
dilatation of mind. 1877 Wraxatt //ugo's Miserables w. 
xlix. 33 There is a dilatation of thought peculiar to the 
vicinity of a tomb, — , z 

b. concr. A dilated form, formation, or portion 
of any structure. 

1833 Tuirtwatt in Philol. Museum 11. 163 Memnon is 
only a dilatation of Menon. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca u. 
161 A similar contractile dilatation exists at the end of the 
foot. 1857 BerkeLey Cryftog. Bot. § 73 The only semblance 
of a root is a little dilatation of the base. 1861 Hutme tr, 
Mogquin- Tandon 1. 1. 43 This dilatation divides the diges- 
tive canal into three parts. S 

2. The Speers abroad, extension, expansion (of 
immaterial or abstract things). arch. 

1448 Will of Hen. V1. in Willis and Clark Cambridge (1886) 
I. 353 Dilatacion, and stablisshement of christen feith. 
1610 Br. Carteton ¥urisd. 174 For preseruation and dilata- 
tion of peace and iustice. 1646 Sir J. Tempe /rish Rebell, 
65 Before I..come to declare the universal dilatation of [the 
rebellion] throughout the whole kingdom. Cor. Wise- 
man Cath. & Angl. Ch. Ess. (1853) Il. 232 To the end of 
the world, room will be left for the dilatation of religion. 

3. The action or practice of dilating upon a su 
ject in speech or writing; amplification, enlarge- 
ment, diffuse treatment. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T. 134 What needeth gretter 

c 1440 Carcrave Life St. Kath. w. tees 
this dilatacyon. .longeth not tothis lyf present. 1605 N 
Adv. Learn. u. vii. § 5. 28 God [is] Holy in the iption 
or dilatation of his workes. 1645 GauLE Cases Consc. (1646) 4, 


I resolue against all such dilatations in this Epitome, 
Jounson A P., Dryden Wks. 11. 428 Little more than 
a dilatation of the — given it by Pope. toca 
Among my Books Ser. 1. 285, 1 have spoken f Spenser's 
fond for dil as resp thoughts and images. 

Hence Dilata‘tional a., of or pertaining to a di- 
latation. 

1884 Bower & Scort De Bary's Phaner. 539 The first 
dilatational bands of the external cortex. ios. Stony. 
Masxetyne Crystad/ogr. i. 11 The i ges re- 
sulting from variation of temperature in a crystal. 

Dilatative (dailz'tativ, deilactiv), a. [f. L. 
dilatat-, ppl. stem of dilatare + -1vE.] Of the nature 
of or tending to dilatation. 

1727-51 Cuamners Cycl. s, v. Dilatation, A new i 
is im Ghoreeny the dilatative cause. 1740 Stack 
in PAil. Trans. XLI. 429 Therefore the dilatative Effort of 
the Layers increases with the Layers in a greater Propor- 
tion than these La: 

Dilatator (doi'letatitar), [a. L. dilatator, agent- 
n. from dilatéa-re to Ditate, In F, dilatateur 
(Cotgr. 1611), When treated as Latin, the stress 
is on the third syllable.] a. Anat. A muscle which 
dilates or expands a es also atirih, b. Surgery. 
An instrument for dilating or distending an opening. 


(Also Dizater, and less correctly DiLaTor.) 

1611 Cotcr., Dilatateur, a dilatator, inlarger, widener}; 
extender, 1878 Beit Gegendaur's Comp. Anat. 571 In the 
Reptilia these are a constrictor and a dilatator 

le, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dilata'tor, a widener. 


use a term recently applied by one of its pi toa 
a aaa he claims to have discovered in the physical 
world, 


Dilatant (doilétant, di-), a. and sé, [ad. L. 
dilatant-em (or a, F, dilatant) pr. pple. of L. di/a- 
tare (F. dilater) to DILATE : see -ANT.] 

A. adj, Dilating, expanding; expansive. 

1841 Fraser's M Rod L a6 My tnind had greatly the 

advantage of my y; this being small, mean, and un- 


plied to certain muscles whose office is to widen or dilate 
the parts on which they act; also applied to instruments for 


ing or enlarging the entrances to cavities or 
“Dilatatory (dailé'titen). Surg. Also in Lat. 
form -orrium. [ad. F. di/atatoire (16th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad, med. or mod.L. dilatatdrium (see quot. 
1731), £. L. dilatat-, ppl. stem of didata-re to dilate.] 
An instrument for dilating a tes or ee 


16r1 CorGr., Dilatatoire, a dilatatorie or inlarger; an 
Instrument wherewith Chirurgions open those partes that by 


seemly, that i lively, and dilatant. 1885 O. Rry- 
rocoe Proc, Brit, ae $7 When the dilatant material, 
such as shot or sand, is bounded by h surfaces, the 
layer of grains adjacent to the surface is in a condition dif- 
fering from that of the grains within the mass, 

B. sb. a, A substance having the property of 
dilating or expanding. b. A surgical instrument 
used for dilating, a dilatator. , 


ick her accide} too much closed. 
or ot nt, are m = 


Biount Glossogr. , Puiturs Dilatatory or 
Y pe Sag acm (wii ) an instru. 
ment as the mouth, womb or 


to open any part, as t 
1823 Crass 7echn. Dict., Dilatato’'rium (Surg.), a 
instrument for dilating the mouth}; also for 

irons out of a wound. 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., 


ee SS ee re ee 


j 


DILATE, 


+ Dila‘te, v.1 Ovs. Also 4 deleate, 5 dylaie, 
5-6 de-. [a. F. délater to defer, delay, temporize, 
ad med.L. dilatare to defer, delay, pe off, pro- 
tract, freq. of diferre to DEFER: cf, DILATORY. 
The sense ‘prolong’ comes so near ‘enlarge’, 
‘expand ’, or ‘set forth at length’, in Divatrz.’, 
that the two verbs were probably not thought of as 
distinct words.] 

1. trans. To delay, defer. 

1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) Il. 14 To 3ive ous pes, which 
longe hath be deleated. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 45 Thou 
oughtest to dylate the vengeaunce tyll the furour be passed. 
1485 Digby Myst. u. 497 To delate yt any lenger yt ys not 
best. 1586 J. Hevwoop Spider § F. lii. 19 Without more 
time delated. 1574 HELLowes Guexara’s Fam. Ep, (1577) 
158 Sometimes thé sorrowful sutor doth more feele a rough 
word they speake, then the iustice they dilate. 158: T. 
Howe t Devzises (1879) 213 Some..with delayes the matter 
will delate. 1620 SHELTON Quix. II. tv. ix. 120 Why dost 
thou with these so many untoward breathings delate the 
making of mine end happy? 

2. To extend in time, protract, prolong, lengthen. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. vi. 103 The cas happed that 
the battaylle was somwhat dylated. 1596 Bett Suv. 
Popery u. uu. v. 168 These houres are sometimes dilated. 
1658 Osporn A dv. Son (1673) 146 A. .way to dilate a remem- 
brance beyond the banks of Forgetfulness. 

Hence Dilated /#/. a., Dila‘ting vé/. sb. 

1s09-10 Act 1 Hen. l’/1T, c. 4, Preamb., Delatyng of so 
longe tyme. 1556 J. Hevwoop Spider & F. xxxv. 10 With- 
out more delated delaie. 1657 R. Lovenay Let? (1663) 165 
Your dilated resolutions of seeing London. ; 

Dilate (di-, doilét), v2 Also 6-7 delate. 
[a. F. dé/ate-r (Oresme, 14th c.), ad. L. dilatare to 
spread out, amplify, extend, widen, f. d7-, dis- (D1s- 
1) + /at-us broad, wide.] 

1. ¢vans. To make wider or larger; to increase 
the width of, widen; to expand, amplify, enlarge. 

1528 Paynet Salerne’s Regim. Yb, Lekes delate the 
matrice. 1555 Epen Decades 261 Al thynges..are dilated 
by heate. 1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. u. Ep. Ded. 
161 a, I might dilate this discourse with a thousand argu- 
mentes. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psenud. Ef. ui. xxi. 162 It is 
enforced to dilate and hold open the jawes. 1697 Porter 
Antig. Greece 1. xvi. (1715) 135 The sails were contracted, 
dilated, or chang’d from one side to another. 1749 SMOLLETT 
Regicide w. v, While the deep groan Dilates thy lab’ring 
breast? 1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 1. 403/2, Haller found 
..the bladder so dilated that it was capable of containing 
twenty pounds of water. 1851 Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil. 
Il. vii. 193 Heat dilates matter with an irresistible force. 


. fig. 
¢ 1480 tr. De Jmitatione i. liv, Dilate pin herte, & resceyue 
pis holy inspiracion wib all maner desir. 1526 Piler. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 275 b, Holy charite .. dilateth & spredeth 
the herte of man or woman. 1625 F. Marxuam Bk. Hon. 
un ii. ff Another sort, who haue dilated and made excellent 
their bloods, by the great happiness of their fortunate Issues 
and Noble Matches or Mariages. 1 Hearne Duct. 
Hist. (1714) 1. 139 The Reader may take Eachard’s Roman 
History as being. .proper to dilate the Student’s knowledge 
in Roman Affairs. 1871 Farrar Witn. Hist. v. 193 AS we 
have _ it [Christianity] dilates our whole being. 
Cc. ref. 
1539 Taverner Evrasm. Prov. (1552) 60 We be therefore 
warned that we dylate not our selues beyond our condition 


and state, 1653 WHarton Disc. Comets Wks. (1683) 149 
‘There at first appeared a small Comet, afterward it mounted 


and dilated it self on high. 1715 Leont Padladio's Archit. 
(1742) I. 5 Copper is. . very pliable, and dilates it self into very 
thin Leaves. 1875 JowEtr Plato (ed. 2) III. 379 Will he 
not dilate and el himself in the ful of vain pomp 
and senseless pride? 

+2. To spread abroad; to extend, diffuse, or 


disperse through a wide space or region. /¢¢, and 


Jig. Obs. 

1430 /ustr. Ambass. in Rymer Foedera (1710) X. 725 Chris- 
ten Feith and beleue had..be dilated through the World. 
| Caxton's Chron. Eng. 11. 20b/1 In al this tyme the 

mpyre of Rome was not dylated passynge 12 myle. 1548-77 
Vicary Axat. ii. (1888) 2x This Artere..is more obedient to 
be delated abrode through al the lunges. 1549 Compl. Scotl. 
Epist. 1 The immortal gloir..is abundantly dilatit athort al 
cuntreis, 1590 Spenser ¥¥¢Q. n. xii, 53 Bowes and braunches 
which did broad dilate Their clas; ing armes. 1664 EvELYN 
Sylva(1679) 4 The tree being of a kind apt to dilate its roots. 
1719 J. T. Putvirrs tr. 34 Conferences 348 This Juncture.. 
= for dilating the Knowledge of Christ among these 

ations. : 


1660 R. Coxe Power § ~~ 258 The curing of this Gan- 
grene so dilating it self both in Church, Court and State. 
170z Ecuarp Eccl. Hist. (1710) 246 The joy of which prefer- 
ment ,, dilated itself through all the Roman empire. 

3. intr. (for ref) To become wider or larger ; 
to spread out, widen, enlarge, expand. 

ee G. Sanpys Paraphr. Ps. 107 And Naphtali, which 
borders on Old Jordan, where his stream dilates. 1641 
Witxins Math, Magick 11.v. (1648) 182 Shall be like the fins 
of a fish to contract and dilate. Lams Eéia Ser. 1. 
Praise Chimneysw., The nostrils of the young es dilated 
at the savour. 1849 Miss Mutock Ogi/vies ii, Her eye 
dilating and her cheek glowing. 187r B, Stewart Heat 
§ 32 en a body increases in temperature it also expands 
in volume or dilates. 1879 HarLan Eyesight ii. 16 The 
pupil has the property of contracting and dilaticig, 

b. fig. To expand itself; +to have full scope. 

1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. xiii. (1739) 73 The 
Duke of Gloucester was of such noble parts, thar they could 
hardly dilate in any work inferior to the Government of 
a Kingdom. . Rocers Ess. I. v. 260 These flimsy 
objections dilate into monstrous dimensions. 1863 Drarer 
Intell. Devel, Europe iii. (1865) 66 A false inference like this 
soon dilated into a general doctrine, 

Vou, IIT, 


861 


+4. trans. To relate, describe, or set forth at 
length ; to enlarge or expatiate upon. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 190 It nedeth nought that I dilate 
The pris which preised is algate. c 1460 Carcrave Chron. 1 
It plesed me. .to gaderaschort remembrance of elde stories, 
that whanne I loke upon hem. .I can sone dilate the circum- 
staunses. @1533 Fritu Disput. Purgat. Prol. (1829) 94 
Rastell hath enterprised to dilate this matter, and hath 
divided it into three Dialogues. 1632 Lirucow 7'rav. viii. 
346 Having met with some of their Brethren .. and delated 
to them their deathes. c1790 Cowrer Comm, Milton's PL. 
1, 1024-33 It is..a common thing with poets to touch 
slightly beforehand, a subject which they mean to dilate in 
the sequel. 1801 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. 
(1832) III. 150, I dare give only hints ; it would be presump- 
tuous to dilate them. 

5. intr. To discourse or write at large ; to en- 
large, expatiate. Const. + of (obs.), 07, upon. 

1560 WuiTEHORNE Arte Warre (1588) 105, I might haue 
delated more vpon the seruice on horsebacke, and after haue 
reasoned of the warre on the Sea. 1592 NasHe P. Penilesse 
(ed. 2) 13a, Experience reproues me for a foole, for delating 
on so manifest a case. 1609 W. M. Aan in Moone (1849) 25, 
I could amply delate of thy sinne, but I know it needlesse. 
1689-92 Locke Voleration i. vii. Wks. 1727 II. 379 ‘The 
terrible Consequences you dilate on .. I leave you for your 
private use. 1697 Cottier “ss. Alor. Subj. 1. (1709) 238 
Were it not too sad an Argument to dilate upon. —_1786 ‘I’. 
Jerrerson Writ, (1859) IL. 33 You were dilating with your 
new acquaintances. 1820 Lamp ///a Ser. 1. South-sea //o., 
How would he dilate into secret history. 1838 Dickens 
Nich, Nick. xxvi, She proceeded to dilate upon the perfec- 
tions of Miss Nickleby. 1861 F, Hau in Yond. Asia’. 
Soc. Bengal 146 But it is needless to dilate. 1874 Stuns 
Const. Hist. (1875) U1. xviii. 122 The chancellor. .dilated at 
length on the perjuries of Duke Philip. 

+b. ref. To express oneself at length or dif- 
fusely. Obs. rare. 

1644 Dicey Nat. Bodies u. (1645) 9 Concerning which wee 
shall not need to dilate our selves any further, 1655 FULLER 
Ch, Hist. w. i. § 6 In process of time, Wicliffe might delate 
himself in supplemental and additional Opinions. a@ 1672 
Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 1. 161 Dr. Richard Gardiner... 
dilating himself on Christ’s miracle of turning water into wine. 

Dilate (doilé-t), @. arch. Also 7 delate. [In 
form, ad. L. dilat-ws carried in different ways, 
spread abroad, dispersed, published, pa. pple. of 
differre; but in sense, answering to L. dzlitat-us, 
widened, expanded, and so perh. short for dilated. ] 
= Ditatep, widely extended or expanded. 

ch Ripetey Comp. Alch. x1. in Ashm, (1652) 182 With 
mykyll more Lycour dylate. 1603 B. Jonson Se/avzs 1. ii, 
Instructed With so dilate and absolute a power. 1614 W. B. 
Philosopher's Banguet (ed. 2) 12 A minde s6 delate and 
ample. 1677 Hace Prim. Orig. Man. i. vii. 187 The Seas 
possibly more dilate and extended. 1803 W. ‘Taytor in Anz. 
Rev. I. 301 Who narrates with dilate diffusion. 1883 Fenn 
Eli's Childr, U1. 1, ii. 180 Her dilate and frightened eyes 
softened with tears. 

+ Dila'te, 5. Ods. rare. [f. Dinare v.27] = 
DILATATION 3. 

1595 Marknam Sir 2. Grinvile (Arb.) 58 Thanks hardie 
Midleton for thy dilate. 

Dilate, obs. form of DELATE, DELErrE. 

Dilated (dailz ted), ppl. a. [f. Dinare v2 + 
-ED!,]_ Widened, expanded, distended, diffused, 
etc.: see the verb. 

¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione 1. lvi, Pat pou wip a dilated herte 
mowe renne be way of my commandementes. 1 SHaks. 
Tr. §& Cr. i iii, 261 A shore confines Thy spacious and 
dilated parts. 1651 STanLey Poems 29 In an elms dilated 
shade. 1667 Mitton P. L. tv. 986 Satan allarm'd Collect- 
ing all his might dilated stood. 1758 J.S. Le Dran’s Observ. 
Surg. (1771) 264 The dilated Urethra was very thin. 1859 
‘Tennyson Enid 1445 Then there flutter’d in, Half-bold, 
half-frighted, with dilated eyes, A tribe of women. 1865 
Kuincstey //evew. x. (1866) 157 His dilated nostril. 

+b. Enlarged upon. Oés. 

Jas. I Baowd. Awpor (1682) 74 Exercise true wisdome ; 
in discerning wisely betwixt true and false reports ; first .. 
and last [considering] the nature and by-past life of the 
dilated person. 

te. Cryst. (See quot.) Ods. 

1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. 215 Dilated, the name 
given to a variety of dodecahedral calcareous spar, in which 
the bases of the extreme pentagons are in some degree 
enlarged by the inclination of the lateral planes. 

Her. ‘Opened or extended. Applied to a 
Pair of Compasses, Barnacles, etc.’ Cussans, 1882. 

Hence Dila‘tedly adv., in a dilated manner, with 
dilatation ; diffusely. 

1627 Fettuam Xesolves xxi. (ed. 1) 64 His .. aberrations, 
wherein he hath dilatedly tumbled himselfe. 

+ Dila‘tement. Os. rare. [i. Divate v.2 + 
-MENT.] A dilating ; a dilated or diffuse passage. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 86 Euen in this dilatement 
against Ambition, the diuel seekes to set in a foote of affected 
applause. ; : 

Dilater (doailz-ter1). [f. Dinars v.2 + -ER1, 
Now mostly supplanted by the less correctly formed 
Dizaror !.] One who or that which dilates. 

1605 SHELTON Commend. Verses in Verstegan Dec. /nteli., 
Thy labours shew thy will to dignifie The first dilaters of 
thy famous Nation. 1640 Be. Hatt Chr. Moder. (ed. Ward) 
38/1 Away, then, ye cruel torturers of opinions, dilaters of 
errors, delators of your brethren. : 

b. spec. A surgical instrument used to dilate a 
part; =Diraror sé.! a. 

1634 T. Jonson Parey’s Chirurg. ae dilater made for 

to open the mouth and teeth. 1668 R. L’Estrance Vis, 
ev, (1708) 28 In the tail of these, came the Surgeons, 
len with Pincers. .Dilaters, Scissers, 1706 Pxittirs (ed. 


DILATOMETER. 


Kersey), Dilatatory, or Dilater, a Surgeon's dilating In- 
strument, hollow on the inside, to draw barbed Iron, &c. out 
of a Wound : Also an Instrument with which the Mouth of 
the Womb may be dilated. 1721-1800 Baitry, Délater. 

e. Anat. A muscle which dilates or expands a 
part ; =Dinararor a, DiLator sé.1 b. 

1683 Snare Anat. Horse iv. xiv.(1686) 171 Of the Dilaters 
or those that widen the Chest there are four pair. 

Dilater, obs. form of DELaTor, accuser. 

Dilating (doilétin), v7. sd. [f. Dinate v.2 + 
-ING1,]_ The action of the verb Dinas, in various 
senses ; enlargement, expansion, 

1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1213/2 Among other 
[tokens] the comyng in of the Jewes, and y® dilating of 
christendome againe, 1532 — Confut. Tindale ibid. 648 2 
For now in dylating and declaring of hys conclusion, he 
addeth one thinge. 1586 J. Hooker Girvadd. Jed. in //odin- 
shed 11, 36/1 Doo grant that you for the dilating of Gods 
church .. doo enter to possesse that land. 1657 J. Sauru 
Alyst. Rhet, 114 Paradiastole is a dilating or enlarging of 
a matter by interpretation. 1703 MaunpRELL Journ. Ferus. 
(1732) 12 Where the waters ty dilating were become shal- 
lower. 1791 Map. D’Arsiay Diary Sept., A few memoran- 
dums for my own dilating upon at our meeting. 

Dila‘ting, 7//. a. [f. Dinate v2 + -1NG 2.] 
That dilates or expands: see the verb. 

1581 ‘I. Howe i Denjses (1879) 192 In my delating brains, 
a thousand thoughts were fed. 1593 7Ze¢d/-7'7oth's N.Y. 
Gift 4 With such a dilatinge narration. 1644 Dicpy Va‘. 
Bodies 1. (1645) 290 To fill those capacities which the dilating 
heat hath made. 1805 Soutney J/adoc in MH’. iv, Vhrough 
the broken cloud, Appeared the bright dilating blue of 
heaven. 1854 BapHaMm //adieut. 248 A dilating crest which 
grows red at the nuptial season. 

Hence Dila‘tingly adv. 

1891 G. MerepitH One of our Cong. II. vi. 150 The colonel 
eyed Mrs. Blathenoy dilatingly. 

+ Dila‘tion !. Qds. Also 5-6 de-, dy-. [a. 
OF. dilacion (13th c.in Hatz-Darm.), mod. F. a7/a- 


from differre, dilat- to defer, delay, put off: ef. Di- 

LATE v1] Delay, procrastination, postponement. 

14.. Lypac. 7Zemple ef Glas 877 Bebe not astoneid of no 
wilfulnes, Ne nou3t dispeired of pis dilacioun. 1430 -- Chron. 

7 voy ut. xxv, Without abode or longe delacyon. fr 1N2 
xxxlv, I wyll nowe make no dylacyon. 1552 Latimer Serv. 
Lora’s Pray. iv. 31 Vhe Angels .. whiche doe the will and 
pleasure of God without dilation. 1585 Parsons Cho. Eavverc. 
ll. v. 350 So the matter by delation came to no effect. 1627 
Br. Hau Heaven upon Earth § 5 Some desperate debters, 
whom, after long dilations of payments .. we altogether let 
goe for disability. 1665 J. Webs Stone-//eng (1725) 160 The 
Dilation that attended the ultimate Appeal. 

Dilation < doilé-fan, di-.. [Improperly f. Di- 
LATE v.2, which does not contain the verbal suffix 
-ate, but a stem -/afe from L. /@t-us broad, so that 
the etymologically correct formation is @/atatior. 
(Cf. coercion, dispution Sor disputation, etc.).] 

1. =DILararion 1. 

1598 Forio, Dilationc, a dilation, enlarging or ouerspread- 
ing. (But 1611 corrects to Dilatatione a dilating, Dilatione 
adelaying.] 1603 HoLtanp P/utarch's Mor.76 Vhe dilations 
of the arteries. 1615 CrookE Body ef Man 641 The dilation 
is the cause of deepe and base voyces. 1796 SournEy Le¢t. 
Jr. Spain (1799) 125 The beauty of its dilation and contrac- 
tion. 1847 TENNYSON Price. v1. 172 At first her eye with 
slow dilation roll’d Dry flame. 1870 RoLtEston Anime. Life 
27 Transverse dilation of the thorax. 

Jig. 1647 H. Morr Poems 293 The soul .. a sure fixation 
And centrall depth it hath, and free dilation. 1787 J. Frere 
in Microcosm No. 25 8 The mind perceives a sensible 
dilation of its faculties. 1823 Lamp /dva Ser. 11. Child 
Angel, Those natural dilations of the youthful spirit. 

= DILATATION 2. Ods. 

@ 1631 Donne in Spurgeon 77¢as. Dav. Ps. xc. 14 A prayer 
not only of appropriation to ourselves .. but of a charitable 
dilation and extension to others. 

= DILATATION 3. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. vii. § 6. 28 In the description 
or dilation of his works. _ 1623 Cockeram 1, A Speaking at 
large, Dilation. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. 
xxxix. 377 By needless dilations, and the affectations of cir- 
cumlocution. 1851 AGN. SrricKLAND Queens Scot. II. 193 
Frivolous terms and dilations cut away. 

Dilation 3, obs. var. of DELATION, accusation. 

Dilative (doilZtiv), a. [f. Dinate v.2 + -1vE.] 

1. Having the property of dilating or expanding 
(trans, and intr.) = DILATATIVE. 

~ 1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. ui. i. (1678) 52 The Vital 
[faculty] is divided into the dilative and contractive faculty 
of the heart and arteries. 1671 Grew Anat. Plans 1. il. § 4 
A Body Porous, Dilative and Pliable. 1808 CoteripGe Lit. 
Rem. (1836) II. 408 The..astringent power, comparatively 
uncounteracted by the dilative. /d7d. 411 The dilative force. 

+ 2. Serving to diffuse (the food). Ods. 

1528 Paynet Salerne's Regim. P, Drinkynge delatiue is 
moste conuenient after the fyrst digestion regularlye. 1589 
Cocan Haven Health ccxv. (1636) 233 If any of these three 
uses of drinke be omitted, the drinke delative may be best 
spared. 1620 VenNER Via Recta (1650) 275 This drinking 
of Wine or Beer between meales..may well be termed both 
dilutive and dilative. 1634 H. R. Saderne’s Regim. go Re- 
gularly, conuenient drinke dilatiue, or permixtiue, ought to 
be Wine, Ale, Beere, Perry, or such like. 

Dilatometer (deilétymétar). [f. Diare v.2 
+-(0)METER.] An instrument for determining the 
dilatation or expansion of a liquid by heat. Hence 
Dilatome'tric a., relating to a dilatometer. 

1882 Nature No. 639. 290 The numerous determinations of 
the expansion of water by heat. .Experimenters. .have wu: 
two methods—the hydrostatic and the dilatometric. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Alcoholic dilatometer, an instrument in- 


46* 


DILATOR. 


vented by Silvermann to determine the quantity of alcohol 
ina liquid, founded on the principle that water in passin; 
from 0° C. to 100°C, .. expands -0466 of its volume, n= | 


alcohol..-1252. 

Dilator (dailz-taz), sd... [f. Divate v.2: an 
irregular formation, the regular types being D1- 
LATER from Eng. dé/ate, and DiaTaTor from L. 
dilatare.| One who or that which dilates: sfec. 
a. Surg. An instrument used to dilate or distend 
an opening, passage, or organ; = DILATATOR b, 
DILaTeEr b. 

[1634-1706 : see DicaTer b.] 1688 R. Horme Armoury mm. 
420, Dilator is an Instrument to open or stretch out a 
thing to its breadth. 1830 S. Cooper Dict, Pract. Surg. 
(ed. 6) s.v. Urethra, With respect to dilators, as they are 
called .. their use is far from being much approved by the 
best modern surgeons. 1864 T. Hotes Syst. Surg. (1870) 
IV. 963 The stricture being now fairly split, the dilator 
should be rotated. 

b. Anat. A muscle or nerve which dilates or 
widens a part; =DiLaTaToR a, DILATER c. Also 
attrib, 

[1683 : see Ditaterc.] @ 1735 ArsuTHNoT(J.), The dilators 
of the nose are too strong in cholerick people. 1807 Med. 
Frnl. XVII. 407 The radiating (or dilator) muscle of the 
Iris. 1844 J. G.WiLkinson Swedenborg’s Anim. Kingd. U1. 
i. 3 The muscles of the nose are three pair; two pair of 
dilator, and one pair of constrictors. 1878 Foster Phys. 1. 
i, § 2. 210 It acts energetically as a dilator-nerve. 

+ Dilator, -our, a.andsé.2 Sc. Obs. Forms: 
5-8 dilatour, 6 delatour, 8 dilator, delator. 
[a. F. dilatoire adj. ‘dilatory’, formerly also sb. 
‘delay’, ad. L. dilatori-us, dilatori-um, dilatory, 
delaying, f. -d7/at- ppl. stem of differre: see 
Derer v.!, DinaTe v.! For the form of the word 
cf. declarator.)} 

A. adj, (Sc. Law.) Diwatory ; delaying, causing 
delay. 

1503 Sc. Acts Fas. BSG 4) § 65 There salbe na exception 
dilatour admitted against that summounds. /é7d. § 95 Vpon 
dilatour or peremptour exception. 1609 Skene Keg. May. 
104 Gif the partie defendand will not vse any exception or 
defence dilatour. 1752 J. Loutnian Form of Process (ed. 2) 
267 All his Defences, both dilator and peremptor, which the 
Sheriff shall either advise in Court, or allow [etc.]. 

B. sb. (Sc. Law.) A delay; a cause of delay, a 
dilatory plea; =DiLarTory sé. 

1473 Treaty w. Scotl. in Rymer Foedera (1710) XI. 789 
Withoutyn any dilatour or delais. 1583 Sempitt Leg. bp. 
Andrews Life 194 Ballates rer) 205 Bot Doctor Patrick 
still replyed, With trickis and delatouris he denyed. 1717 
Woprow Corr. (1843) I. 328, I scarce mention the unac- 
countable dilatours of settling vacancies. 1718 /bid. II. 381 
This was reckoned a delator, and opposed. 1752 J. LourHian 
Form of Process (ed. 2) 97 All these Objections, properly 
called Dilators, must be first proponed, 1888 Ramsay Scof/. 
in 18th C. 1. ii. 41 He is said to have excelled in what was 
called proponing dilators. 

Dilator, obs. form of DELATOR, accuser. 

Dilatorily (dilatarili),ad¢v.  [f. Diwarory a.) 
+-LY2.] Ina dilatory manner; delayingly. 

1700 TyrreELt //ist. Eng. 11. 873 The Prelates answered him 
dilatorily. 1781 Jounson in Boswell Life (1848) 665/1, I wrote 
in my usual way, dilatorily and hastily, unwilling to work, 
and working with vigour and haste. Lowe. Left, 
1. 167, I remain very sincerely (and dilatorily) Your friend. 

Dilatoriness (di‘laterinés). Forms: see Dr- 
LAtorY. [f. next+-NESS.] The quality of being 
dilatory ; tendency to procrastination or delay. 

1642 in Rushw. ///st. Col/. 111. (1692) 1. 610 Lest his Majesty 
should think it a delatoriness in the Parliament to return an 
Answer. 1667 WaterHouse Five Lond. 95 The sluggards 
dilatoriness is upon men ; and they will sit still a little longer. 
1718 /ree-thinker No. 56. 4 The Holy See proceeded with 
its usual dilatoriness in that Affair. 1825 Scotr ¥rn/, 7 Dec., 
Letters. .lying on my desk like snakes, hissing at me for my 
dilatoriness. 1861 M. Pattison ss. (1889) I. 38 His delay 
in setting out was due to pure procrastination and dilatori- 


ness. 
Dila (di'latari), a.l and sé. Forms: 6-7 
dilatorie, 7- dilatory, (8 ervon. dilitary). Also 
6-7 delatorie, (6 delaterye, deletary), 7 de- 
latory. [ad. L. dilatori-us, f. dilator-em a dclayer, 
agent-n. from differre, dilat- to Drrsr, delay : see 
Dinate v.l Cf. F. dilatoire (13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.).] A. ad). 
1. Tending to cause delay ; made for the purpose 
of gaining time or deferring decision or action, 
1581 Lamparpe Eiren. iv. xxi, (1588) 622 It was very Dila- 
torie for the Justices of Peace, to take those Wages, at the 
handes of the Shirife. 1592 Nasne P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 9a, 
For his delaterye excuse, 1613 Suaxs. //en, V///, 11. iv. 237, 
I abhorre This dilatory sloth and trickes of Rome. py 
Futter CA. //ist, vin. ii. § 46 Dilatory letters excusing them- 
selves from coming thither. 1671 SHapweLL A umourists v. 
Wks. 1720 I, 202, I will .. make no hesitation or dilatory 
scruple. 1751 Jonson Ramdler No. 178? 4 4 ged deliber- 
ation and dilatory projects they may both be lost. 1860 
Morttey Nether?. (1868) I. iii. 80 The policy of England 
inued to be exp and dilatory. 
b. Law. Dilatory plea, a plea put in for the sake 
of delay. Dilatory exception: see EXcEPTion sd. 
42, Dilatory defence (in Sc. Law): see quot. 


[xag2 Brirron nt. xvii. § 1 Par excepciouns dilatories.] 
1838 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c 14 $5 None essoin .. or other 
jatorie ple for the defendant shall be admitted. 1611 Rich 


Honest, Age (1844) 21 They. .do seeke for nothing more then 
to checke the course of iustice by their delatory pleas. yo 
Hickes in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. u.1V. 49 At last all the di- 


362 : 


latory exceptions led 
and ter wltcmensancengin i gescenea ant anes 
Pilatosy pines. ses sash as tend merely to delay or put off 


h x MutrHeap Gaius tv. § 120 Those [Ex- 
ceptions] are dilatory that are available only for a time, such 
as that of an agreement not to sue say for five years. 

2. Given to or characterized by delay; slow, 
tardy. a. Of persons, their characters, habits, etc. 

1604 Suaks. Oth. u1. iii. 379 Wit depends on dilatory time. 
171 Appison Sect. No. 89 P x Women of dilatory Tempers, 
who are for spinning out the Time of Courtship. 1742 
Youne N. 7h, i. 413 Poor dilatory man. 1781 Cowper 
Lett. 25 Aug., The most dilatory of all people. 1838 THirt- 
watt Greece III. xix. 106 They are as prompt, as you are 
dilatory, 1884 Par Austace 38 You shall have no longer 
cause to think me dilatory. 

b. Of actions. 

1648 Boyte Seraph. Love xii. (1700) 64 Being press'd to 

ive an account of such a Dilatory way of proceeding. 1751 
5 pre Rambler No. 144 ? 11 "Bat between dilatory pay- 
ment and bankruptcy there is a great distance. 1843 
Prescotr Mexico v1. v. (1864) Cortez was not content 
to wait patiently the effects of a dilatory blockade. 1879 
Froupe Caesay xxii. 386 His political advisers were im- 
patient of these dilatory movements. 

B. sb. Law. A means of procuring delay; a 
dilatory plea ; see A. 1b. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & M. (1684) II. 22 Shifting off the matter 
by subtil dilatories and frivolous cavilling about the law. 
1585 App. Sanpys Serm. (1841) 226 Delatories and shiftings 
off wear out many a just cause, and beggar many a r 
man. 1681 7rial of S. Colledge 16 You ought not to have 
helps to plead dilatories. a 174 Nortu Lives (1826) I. 302 
Criminals of that sort. .should defend upon plain truth,which 
they know best, without any dilatories, arts or evasions. 
1848 Wuarton Law Lex. s.v. Dilatory Pleas, No man 
shall be permitted to plead two dilatories at separate 
times. 

+ Dila‘tory, a.2 Ods. rare. [A bad formation 
for dilatatory, f. DiLaTE v.] Used for dilating, 
dilative. 

1691 Mutiineux in PAil, Trans. XVII. 822 The Chyrur- 
gion. .inserted his Dilatory Instrument. 

|| Di-‘lature. Sc. Obs. [A variant of dilatour, 
DILaTor *, assimilated in spelling to L. di/atira, 
delaying, delay, f. d7/a¢- ppl. stem of L. differre: 
see DinaTE v.!] =DILatory sé, 

1 Lynpesay Monarche 5766 Throw Delaturis [v. 7. de- 
latouris] full of dissait, wthilie mony one gart beg thare mait. 
1714 Let. in Lockhart Papers 1. 439 The Court tricked them 
with dilatures till the .. opportunity was past. 

ilavy, var. of DELAvy a. Obs. 

Dilay(e, obs. form of DELay. 

Dilce, Sc. form of DuLsE. 

+ Dildo!. Ods. Also dildoe. A word of ob- 
scure origin, used in the refrains of ballads. 

Also, a name of the penis or phallus, or a figure thereof ; 
the lingam of Hindoo worship ; formerly, also, a contemp- 
tuous or reviling appellation of a man or lad; and app. 
applied to a cylindrical or ‘sausage’ curl. 

1610 B. Jonson A/cA. v. iii, Here I find..The seeling fill’d 
with sies of the candle: And Madame, with a Dildo, 
writ o’ the walls. 1611 Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 195 He has 
the prettiest Loue-songs for Maids .. with cach delicate 
borthens of Dildo’s and Fadings. a 1627 MippLeton Chaste 
Maid 1. ii, What, has he got a singing in his head now? 
Now's out of work he falls to making dildoes, 1638 Forp 
Fancies wv. i, This page a milk-livered dildoe, 1647 Pari. 
Ladies 12 The very sight of this Madam with a Dildoe .. 
put the House into a great silence. c 1650 Xoxd, Ball. 11. 

55 She prov'd herself a Duke's daughter, and he but a 
Gr ire's son. Sing trang dildo lee. 1656 S. Hottanp Zara 
(1719) 41 That Gods may view, With a dildo-doe, What 
we bake, and what we brew. 1659 Torriano, Bacillo .. 
a simple gull, a shallow pate, also a dill-doe, or pillie- 
cock. 1661 R. W. Conf. Charac. To Rdr. (1860) 7 O thou 
faint-hearted dildo. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 463/2 
A Campaign Wig hath Knots or Bobs (or a Dildo on each 
side) with a curled Forehead. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. /ndia 
179 Under the Banyan ‘Tree, an Altar with a Dildo in the 
middle being erected, they offer Rice. 

b. Comb. dildo-glass, a cylindrical glass; ?a 
test-tube. 

c16a5 Firetcner Vice Valour im. i, Whoever lives to see me 
Dead, gentlemen, shall find me all mummy, Good to fill 
galipots, and long dildo-glasses. 

+ Dildo 2. Ods. i, the same word as prec., 
from its cylindrical form like a ‘ dildo-glass’.] A 
tree or shrub of the genus Cereus (N.O. Cac- 
tacew). Also Dildo-tree, Dildo-bush, Dildo Pea 


Tree. . 

1696 Phil. Trans, X1X. The Dildoe-tree is the same 
with the Cereus or Torch-Plant. _ Dampier Voy. 1. 81 
Barren Islands without any Tree, only some Dildo-bushes 
growing on them, /éid. 101 The Dildoe-tree is a green 
prickly shrub, that grows about ro or 12 foot high, without 
either _ or ~~ od GL asa me Leg, from the 
root to the top, and it is fu Sarpy c wing in 
thick rows, tye W. Kine 7ransactioneer ihe Toddy- 
Tree, the Sower-Sop, the Bonavists, and the Dildoe. 1756 
P. Browne Nat. Hist. Yamaica (1789) 238 The larger erect 
Indian Fig, or Dildo Pear Tree. 

+ Dile‘ct, pf/.a. Obs. rare, [ad. L. dilect-us 
‘beloved ’, pa. pple. of diligére to esteem highly, 
to love (see Dapreen?).) Beloved. 

1s2x J. T. in Bradshaw S?. Werburge Prol. ii, A virgin 
resplendent Dilect of our lorde. 

Dilectacion, obs. form of Detxzcrarion. 


DILEMMA. 


+ Dilection (dile*kfon). Oss. Also 5-6 dy-, 
6 de-. {. F. dilection (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
ad. L. dilection-em love (of God, etc.) (Tertullian, 
Vulgate), n. of action from déligére to select to 
oneself from others, to esteem highly, hold dear, 
love ; f. di-, dis- (Dis- 1) + legéve to gather, cull, 
choose. ] 

1. Love, affection: almost always, spiritual or 
Christian love, or the love of God to man or of 
man to God; cf. CHarity 1, 

1388 Wycuir Rev. Prol., Ion, the apostil and euangelist of 
oure Lord Thesu Crist, chosen’ and loued, paphipiany mabey 
dileccioun is had. @1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. 851 
Frenship, adieu ; farewele, dileccioun. Digby Myst. 
1. 1323 His br ied .. to hym had Fr webech cr 
Wyse 7 mp. Adrian on 15 They were y- 
leccion all of one hart and of one wyll. 1623 Favine Theat. 
Hon, 1x. vi. 399 In token of love and Brotherly dilection. 

683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 56 This 
dilection, love, charitie towards God, and towards His 
Image, man. 

2. The action of choosing, choice (of that on 
which one’s desire or affection is set) ; esp. in Theol. 
= ELECTION 3. 

¢ 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 62 And when the saul Giues 
consent vnto delection, The wicked thought beginnes for to 
breird In deadly sinne. 1633 T. Apams £.xf. 2 Peter ii. 12 
We are adjured by our election, selection, dilection, to be 
merciful. 1656 Jeanes 'udn. Christ 51 Christ is the only be- 
gotten son of God, not by dilection, but by eternall generation. 

“| 3. Used by Carlyle to render Ger. /éebden as a 
title of honour. 

1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. x1. v. 81 These things 
r Dilection, as Kurfiirst of Branden- 
= II. xvi. iv. (1873) 37 [I] apprise your 
dilection, though under deepest secrecy. 

Dilemma (dile‘ma, dai-), sb. Also B. 6-7 
(after French) dilemme (dylem). fa. L. dz- 
lemma, a, Gr. diAnupa double proposition, f. d:-, 
twice (D1-2) + Aja assumption, premiss : see 
Lemma.] 

1. In Xhetoric. A form of argument involving an 
adversary in the choice of two (or, /oosely, more) 
alternatives, either of which is (or appears) equally 
unfavourable to him. (The alternatives are com- 
monly spoken of as the ‘horns’ of the dilemma.) 
Hence in Logic, A hypothetical syllogism having 
a conjunctive or ‘ conditional’ major premiss and 
a disjunctiye minor (or, one premiss conjunctive 
and the other disjunctive). 

Very different views have been taken by different logicians 
as to what syllogisms are properly dilemmas ; several of the 
arguments commonly so called being considered by some 
writers to be only ordinary conj| ive syllogi construc- 
tive or destructive. See Fow.er, Deductive Logic, v. § 4. 

1523 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 36 y are... 
excommunicated .. wt" a dilemma made concerninge the .. 
Mayor’s..perplexitie. 1551 T. WiLson Logike (1580) 34 b, 
Dilemma, kere bgpe ie a horned argument, is when the 

ot rey 


reason cc pug s, so that what so 
ever you graunt, you fall into the snare. 1622 Bacon 
Hen. V11, Wks. (Bohn) 377 A dilemma, that bishop Morton 


..used, to raise up the benevolence to higher rates; and 
some called it his fork, and some his crotch. . .‘ That if they 
met with any that were sparing, they should tell them, that 
they must needs have, because they laid up: and if they 
were spenders, they must needs have, because it was seen in 
their port and manner of living’. Cumiinew. Relig. 
Prot. 1. ii. § 154 Thus haue we cast your dilemma, and 
broken both the hornes of it. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. 
iv. Proem rr A Dil is an arg ion from two 
members, w are ded with i ditie. 
1725 Warts Logic 1. ii. § 6 A Dilemma becomes faulty or 
ineffectual..when it may be retorted with equal force upon 
him who utters it. 1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton jc xviii. 
(1866) 1, 351 An hypothetico-disjunctive vom is called 
the dilemma or horned syllogism. /6/d. 352 If the pa res 
tion. .has only two members, the syllogism is then a 
dilemma in the strict and proper ification. If, .three.. 
mem! it is called trilemma, etc. 1842 Apr. THomson 
Laws Th. § 109 Cee &, The Dilemma is a complex argu- 
ment, partaking bot! of the conditional and disjunctive. 
1887 Fower Deductive ic 121 In disputation, the adver- 
sary who is refuted by a di is said to be ‘fixed on 
the horns of a dilemma’; he is said to rebut the dilemma, 
if he meet it by another with an opposite conclusion. /éfd. 
122 It seems arbi and more systematic to define 
dilemma as ‘a syllogism of which one premiss is a conjune- 
tive and the other a disjunctive proposition *. J 

B. 1587 A. Freminc Cont. Holinshed. 111. 1307/2 This 
oe heard all these excu: this dilemme. 
1616 Lane Sg. hee va 121, I see his saftie and thine 
maie not bee, as Dylems or Contraries agree. 

2. Hence, in popular use: A choice between two 
(or, Joosely, several) alternatives, which are or ap- 
pear equally unfavourable ; a position of doubt or 
perplexity, a ‘fix’. 
1s90 Greene Newer too late one 19 Every motion was 
intangled with a dilemma;.. the loue of Francesco gaue 
such fierce assaults to the bulwarke of her affection .. the 
feare of her Fathers displeasure .. draue her to meditate 
thus. 1598 Suaks. Merry W’. 1. v. 87 In perplexity, and 
doubtful dilemma. Fourier Ch. Hist. w. 1. § 53 He is 
reduced to this doleful dilemma ; either untarily, by re- 


igning, to d ;.or ay, by derwesion, 
deposed by others. 1796 Morse Amer. con 1. agp 
hliged “either to kill the father meas : 
obli: either to ki or give up t a 
ee Emerson Ess., Experienci ¢ Wks. ‘tbohn) 1, #89 Tn 
the dhemmaafia i ig d ing men, who all 
catch at him, 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu. 11. liii. 332 They 


DILEMMA. 


were .. in the dilemma of either violating the Constitution 
or losing a golden opportunity. 

3. Comb, as dilemma-making. 

1895 IVestm. Gaz. 16 Apr. 3/3 Dilemma-making is at best 
a somewhat puerile. .form o dialectic. 

Dilemma, v. rave. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans, To place in a dilemma; fa. pple. =in 
a dilemma or ‘fix’. 

1656 S. H. Gold. Law 44 Both sides are Dilemma’d, and 
stand postur’d like Lots wife. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 
325 Now we were dilemma'd, not knowing what to wish. 
21849 Por Marginalia Wks. 1864 III. 485 Like a novel- 
hero dilemma’d, I made up my mind to be guided by circum- 
stances. : : 

+2. zntr. To be in a dilemma ; to hesitate or be 
in doubt between two alternatives. Ods. rare. 

1687 R. L’Estrance Answ. Diss. 39 He runs away with 
the Fact, for Granted; Dilemma’s upon it, and so leaves 
the Matter. Be: f 

Dilemmatic (di-, doileme'tik), a. [f. Gr. 
SiAnpuar- stem of 5iAnupa (see prec.) + -1c.] Of 
the nature of, or relating to, a dilemma. 

1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Logic xiii, (1860) I, 241 Dilem- 
matic judgments are those in which a condition is found, 
both in the subject and in the predicate. /dzd. xv. (1860) I. 
291 The Hypothetico-disjunctive or Dil ic Syllogism. 
1867 Atwater Elem. Logic 95 Dilemmatic Judgements 
involve a combination of the conditional and disjunctive. 
1870 Jevons Elem. Logic xix. 168 Dilemmatic arguments 
are..more often fallacious than not. 1891 WeLton M/anual 
Logic w. v. 447 The peculiar feature of a dilemmatic argu- 
ment is the choice of alternatives which it thus offers. 


+ Dilemmartical, z. Ods. [f.as prec. +-aL.] 
=prec. Hence Dilemma‘tically adv. 

1659 Baxter Key Cath, xlv. 316 The Jesuites .. went Di- 
lemmatically to work, thinking to make sure which way ever 
things went, to effect their ends. 1661 K. W. Conf Charac. 
Good-old cause (1860) 60 And bring upon us a dilemmaticall 
confusion. 1677 Gitrin Dewonol. (1867) 342 ‘These were 
perplexing, entangling temptations. They were dilemmat- 
ical, such as might ensnare, either in the doing or refusal. 

Dile‘mmist. are. [f. Dinemma + -1st.] One 
who bases his position upon a dilemma; used as 
the name of a Buddhist school of philosophy. 

1858 AZppleton’s Amer. Cycl. IV. 70/2 [The philosophic 
school] of the Vaibhashikas, or dilemmists, who maintain the 
necessity of immediate contact with the object to be known. 

+ Dile-riate, a. Obs. vare. [Erron. for delirate, 
ad. L. déliratus, or for deliriate.] = DELIRIOUS. 

1689 MoyLe Sea Chyrurg. i. xi. 117 Before the Feaver 
comes to its height, usually men are dileriate. 

Dilettant (di-léta:nt), @. and sé, [A partially 
Anglicized adaptation of next: cf. F. dilettante ; 
also adjutant, confidant, etc.] =next. 


1851 CaRLyLe Sterling u. vii. (1872) 160 Sterling returned 
from Italy filled with. . great store of artistic, serious, dilettant 
and eg speculation for the time. 

» Sb, 

1875 Hamerton /xfed/. Life 1. v. 100 If the essence of di- 
lettantism is to be contented with imperfect attainment, I fear 
that all educated people must be considered dilettants. 
1888 Eng. [llustr. Mag. Jan. 316 Teach by salutary smarts, 
These dilettants to ee a That Learning is the first of 
Arts, 189 F. M. Witson Prim. on Browning 34 Browning 
draws a sharp line between the dilettant and the artist. 

|| Dilettante (dilétenti, It. dzlet;tante). PI. 
dilettanti (-tz), rarely -es. [It. dilettante ‘a 
lover of music or painting’, f. dé/ettare :—L. dé- 
lectare to delight: see DrLxcr, etc. So mod.F. 
dilettante, 1878 in Dict. Acad.] 

1. A lover of the fine arts; originally, one who 
cultivates them for the love of them rather than 
professionally, and so = amateur as opposed to pro- 
fesstonal; but in later use generally applied more 
or less depreciatively to one who interests himself 
in an art or science merely as a pastime and with- 
out serious aim or meee: (fa mere dilettante’). 

1733-4 [‘ The Society of Dilettanti’ was founded]. 1748 
Cuesterr, Ze/#. u. xl, You are likely to hear of it as 
a virtuoso ; and if so, I should be glad to profit of it, as an 
humble dillettante. 1769 (¢it/e), Ionian Antiquities, By 
the Society of Dilettanti. 1770 Foote Lame Lover 1, 1, 
Frederick is a bit of Macaroni and adores the soft Italian 
termination in @, .. Yes, a delitanti all over. 1775 Map. 
D’Arstay Diary 21 Nov., A female dilettante of ona 
fame and reputation ..as a singer. 1789 Burney Hist. 
Mus, U1. ii. 16x Personages whose [musical] talents are 
celebrated whether they are regarded as professors or 
Diletanti. 180x W. Tay or in ‘Gonthly Mag. XII. 576 
Religious dilettanti, of every sex and age, reinforce the 
industry of the regular priesthood. 1802 Edix. Rev. I. 165 
Dilettanti who have pushed themselves into high places in 
the scientific world. 1826 B’ness Bunsen in Hare Lif II. 
vii. 265 It would be difficult to find a dilettante who under- 
stood the art of managing it [a parlour organ]. 1831 CaktyLe 
Sart. Res. 1.x, Thou hitherto art a Dilettante and sandblind 
Pedant. 1840 Macautay Ess., Clive (1854) 534/2 The Dilet- 
tante sneered at their want of taste. The Maccaroni black- 
balled them as vulgar fellows. 1879 Froupr Cesar ii. 17 [The 
Romans] cared for art as dilettanti; but no schools either 
of sculpture or painting were formed among themselves. 

1886 Ruskin Prvterita I. 271 Rogers was a mere dilettante, 
who felt no difference between landing where Tell leaped 
ashore, or standing where ‘St. Preux has stood’. 
+b. with of: a lover, one who is fond of Obs. 
1783 Hamitron in PAz2, Trans. LXXIII. 189 Those who 
are professed dilettanti of miracles. 


2. attrib. a. In apposition, as dilettante musician, 
etc, =amateur, © 


363, . 


1774‘ J. Cottier’ Mus. Tvav.(1775) 4 That great Dilettante 
performer on the harp. 1789 Map. D’Arstay Le?#. 27 Oct., 
A Dilettante purchaser may yet be found. 1806-7 J. 
Beresrorp Miseries Hum, Life (1826) xv. iii, You are 
almost entirely reduced to Dilletanti Musicians. 1816 
T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall iii, Sir Patrick O’Prism, 
a dilettante painter of high renown, 1821 Craic Lect. 
Drawing v. 252 Suited for the dilettante artist. 1871 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 57 The dilettante believer is indeed 
not a strong spirit, but the weakest. een 

Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a 
dilettante (in the shades of meaning the word has 
passed through). 

1753 SMoLteTT Cf. Fathom xxxii, He sometimes held 
forth upon painting, like a member of the Dilettanti club. 
1774 ‘J. Cottier’ Mus. Trav. (1775) 58 He ordered his 
servant to bring in his Dilettante ring and wig. 1794 
Matnias Purs, Lit. (1798) 386 ‘The dilettante spirit which 
too frequently prevails in Dr. Warton’s comments. 1840 
CartyLe Heroes vi.(1891) 198 To us it is no dilettante work, 
no sleek officiality; it is sheer rough death and earnest. 
1847 Mrs. SHERWoop Lady of Manor II, xiii. 151, 1 will 
have a dilletante play, or concert, or some such thing, got 
up. 1868 M. Partison Academ. Org. v. 148 A dilettante 
fastidiousness, an aimless inertia. 

Hence Dilettante v., Dilettantize v., to play 
the dilettante (also ¢o dé/ettande tt) ; Diletta‘nting 
ppl. a.; Diletta‘titedom, the world of dilettanti ; 
Diletta‘nteship, the condition of a dilettante. 

1835 Jamrs Gipsy v, In the elegant charlatanism of dilet- 
tanteship. 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII.515 To go ondilettante- 
ing it in the grossness of the moral atmosphere of the Con- 
tinental cities. 1843 7 azt’s Mag. X. 346 Shooting par- 
tridges and dilettantizing atlegislation, 1887 Pad J/adlG. 
1 Jan. 5/2 The favourite actress of dilettantedom. 1890 
Spectator 11 Oct. 495 ‘The Shakespeare temptation remains 
as strong as ever with the dilettanting world. 

Diletta‘ntish, 7. Also -teish. [f.prec. + -1sH.] 
Savouring of the nature or quality of a dilettante. 

1871 Geo. Exior A/iddlem. xix, You are dilettantish and 
amateurish, 1881 H. James Portr. Lady xxiii, It made 
people idle and dilettantish, and second-rate; there was 
nothing tonic in an Italian life. 1893 Va/zon (N.Y.) 16 Feb. 
129/3 It presents .. a dilettantish ‘appreciation ’ of Dante. 

Diletta ntism. Also diletta‘nteism.  [f. 
as prec. + -ISM: so mod.F, dtlettantisme, adm, by 
Acad, in 1878.] The practice or method of a 
dilettante ; the quality or character of dilettanti. 

1809 Han. More Carlebs I. 119 (Jod.) She. .extolled the air 
with all the phrases, cant and rapture of dilettanteism. 1830 
Car.yLe in Froude Z7/ (1882) II. 90 The sin of this age is 
dilettantism: the Whigs and all ‘ moderate Tories’ are dilet- 
tanti. 1849 Robertson Serm. Ser. 1. xii, 182 Virtue no 
longer means manhood: it is simply dilettantism. 1862 
Sutrtey Nuge Crit. iv. 187 A national society. .has no right 
to indulge in religious dilletanteism. 1873 LoweLt Among 
my Bks, Ser, 1. 22 A period, for Italy, of sceptical dilettan- 
teism. 1894 7%es 23 Feb. 4/4 To prevent their falling into 
an attitude of indifference or dilettantism. 

Diletta‘ntist, z. [f. prec. ; see -1sr.] Char- 
acterized by dilettantism. 

1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 226/1 Nothing more than the play- 
things of dilettantist philanthropy. 1887 /éd/d. 10 Sept. 
345 Difficult branches of science were dealt with in this 
same dilettantist spirit. 1889 J. M. Robertson £ss. 
towards Crit. Meth. 3 \t is become, as it were, parasitic 
and dilettantist, a pedant habit of tasting and relishing and 
objecting. 

ilful, obs. form of DoLEFuL a. 

¢ 1420 Anturs of Arth. xiii, Lo! hou dilful dethe hase thi 
Dame dy3te! ?a1500 Ches‘er Pl. (1843) 1. 69 But that Ido 
this dilfull dede The Lord will not quite me in my nede. 

+ Dilghe, dilie, v. Ods. Forms: 1 dilgian, 
3 dillshenn (Orm.), dilie. [OE. dilegian, dilgian 
=OLG. diligon (MLG. del(l)igen, delgen, diligen, 
LG. delgen, dilgen, Du. delgen ; OHG. tilon, dilon, 
tiligon, MHG, ¢ellen, tiligen, tilgen, Ger. tilgen; 
supposed to be ad. L. délére to blot out, erase.] 
trans. To destroy, blot out, erase; also fig. 

c897 K, AELrreD Gregory's Past. liv. 82 Swa se writere, 
Rf he ne dilegad Set he zr wrat .. Sat bid Seah undilegzod 

t he er wrat. c 1200 OrMIN 4083 To ben Fullhtnedd, to 
dillghenn sinne. /éid. 5301 Forr swa to cwennkenn Crisstenn- 
dom, And Cristess lajhess dillz3henn, 12.. Hymn of St. 
Godric (Ritson), Dilie min sinne, rix in mine mod. 

Diligat, obs. Sc. form of DELICATE. 

Diligence ! (dilidzéns). In 5-6 dily-, dyly-, 
deli-, delygence,-ens. [a. F. dz/igence (13-14th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. diligentia, f. diligent- 
em DILIGENT: see -ENCE. Cf. Pr. and Sp. dzlz- 
gencta, It. dtligenza.] The quality of being 
diligent. 

1. Constant and earnest effort to accomplish what 
isundertaken ; persistent application and endeavour; 
industry, assiduity. 

¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus a1. 86 (135) With al my wit and 
al my deligence. 1393 Gower Conf II. 37 As for thy 
diligence, Whiche every mannes conscience By reson shulde 
reule and kepe, ¢ 1425 Wynroun Cron. vi. iv. 74 To mak 
defens For hys Land wyth diligens. 1577 B. Gooce Heres- 
bach’s Husb. wv. (1586) 190 By the carefull toile and dili- 

ence of the Bee. 1 Mitton Educ. Wks. (1847) 98/z 
The extraordinary pains and diligence which you have use 
in this matter, @1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 908 Dili- 
gence is a discreet and understanding Application of one’s 
self to Business, 1718 Freethinker No. 89 ® 9 Manage 
Business with Regularity and Diligence. 175r Jounson 
Rambler No. 85 ® 1 Many writers..have laid out their 
Pos ae upon the consideration of those distempers. 1871 
E F. Burr Ad Fidem viii. 130 Patient diligepce the only 
sure key to Divine treasures, 


DILIGENCE. 


+b. Assiduity in service ; persistent endeavour 
to please ; officiousness. Ods. 

1493 Petronilla 142 (Pynson) To do servise with humble 
diligence Unto thy fader. 1500-20 Dunbar Poevrs lvii. 3 
Sum be seruice and diligence. rgg9x Suaks. 1 Hen. VJ, v. 
iii. 9 This speedy and quicke appearance argues proofe Of 
your accustom’d diligence to me. 1671 Mitton P. 2.1. 387 
Why shouldst thou, then, obtrude this diligence In vain, 
where no acceptance it can find? 1674 PLayrorp S#ilZ 
Mus. 1. xi. 41 Which sort of People we should endeavour 
to please with all diligence. 

+e. with @ and g/.: An act of diligence; Ad. 
labours, exertions, diligent efforts. Ods. 

1443 Hen. VI in Ellis Ovzg. Lett. Ser. 1. I. 79 By whos 
notable .. labours and diligences it hath liked our Lord to 
shewe us his grete fauour. 1549 CovERDALE, etc. Zrasm. 
Par. Phil. Ul. 9 All them..that with their dilygences helpe 
forewarde the businesse of the gospell. 1600 E. Blount tr. 
Conestaggio 314 Not suffering his men to discharge one 
volley..for that it seemed unto him a vaine diligence. 1652 
J. Wavswortn tr. Sandoval's Civ. Wars Spain 253 Whilest 
the Lord High Constable was making all these diligences, 
the Cardinal stole secretly out of Valladolid. 

+d. One in whom the quality is personified ; a 
diligent person. (#once-zse.) 

1610 SHaks. Jemip. v.i. 241 Av. Was't well done? /’r. 
Brauely (my diligence); thou shalt be free. 

te. Phrases. Zo put diligence, to do one’s 
diligence, to do one’s utmost endeavour, to exert 
oneself. Zo report one’s diligence, to report what 
one has done, to report progress. Ods. or arch. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melib. » 27 Whan thou hast for-goon thy 
freend, do diligence to gete another freend. c 1386 — Mancz- 
ple's T. 37 And nyght and day did euere his diligence Hir 
for to plese. 1389 Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Pe same maistres 
& ee beien shul do her diligence trewly to redresse it. 
1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 128, I shal put my peyn 
and dyligence to distroye the. 1481 Caxton J/yrr. 1. vi. 
30 They [kynges] doo their diligence to lerne such clergye 
& science. 1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys (1570) 6 Neuer 
wise man loued.. ‘lo haue great riches put ouer great 
diligence. 1539 CRANMER 2 7%. iv. 9 Do thy diligence, 
that thou mayest come shortly vnto me. 1637-50 Row 
List. Kirk (1842) 208 That they be carefull to correct what 
they can, and report their diligence to the nixt Assemblie. 
1690 W. Waker /diomat, Anglo-Lat. 143, I will doe my 
diligence. 

+ 2. Speed, dispatch, haste. Ods. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos xxvi.g5 Yf thou departe not with 
all diligence thou shalt soone see the see alle couered with 
vesselles of werre commynge ayenst the. 1548 HAtt Chron. 
37 This phisician dyd not long lynger.. but with good 
diligens repaired to the quene. 1605 SHaks. Lear tl. v. 4 
If your Dilligence be not speedy, I shall be there afore you. 
1632 J. Haywarptr. Biondi’s Eromena 21 Posting on with 
such diligence that by darke night hee reached [etc.]. 1703 
Rowe U/yss. wv. i. 1415 With thy swiftest Diligence return. 
1781 Ginson Decl. & F. III. 41 His rival .. fled before 
him with the diligence of fear. 

+b. A ‘company’ of messengers. Ods. 

1486 Bh. St, Aléans F vjb, A Diligens of Messangeris. 

+ 3. Careful attention, heedfulness, caution. Zo 
do or have diligence, to take care, take heed, be- 
ware; to take care of or about a thing, to look 
after it carefully. Ods. 

1340 Ayend. 238 Peruore hi ssolle do greate payne and 
grat diligence wel to loki hare chastete. 1382 Wyctir 
1 Vv. iii. 5 If ony man kan not gouerne his hous, how 
schal he haue diligence of the chirche of God. ¢ 1400 Lax- 

Jranc’s Cirurg. 141 It is necessarie pat a surgian have more 
diligence in ile woundis of pe face. 1483 CAxton Cato 
Bvb, Thou oughtest to take dyligence and cure of thy 
werkes. 1535 CoveRDALE Prov. iv. 23 Kepe thine hert 
with all diligence. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Hush. 11, 
(1586) 152 To keepe your Bacon any long time, you must use 

reate diligence in the salting and drying of it. 1587 
Giscat Govt. Cattle, Horses (1627) 100 A horse doth aske 
a greater deligence to be meated and kept .. then other 
cattell. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 47 Moscovy-glass..with care 
and diligence may be slit into pieces .. exceeding thin. 
1795 SoutuEy Yoan of Arc vi, Thou wilt guard them 
with due diligence, Yet not forgetful of humanity. 

+b. with pl. Obs. 

1675 M. Currorp Hum. Reason in Phenix 1708 II. 530 
Those necessary Diligences which are requir’d for so doubt- 
ful and dangerous a Passage. 


4. Law. Theattention and care due from a person 
in a given situation ; sfec. that incumbent upon the 


parties to a contract. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law Merch. 407 The diligences 
which are requisite to bee done herein, are..to be obserued 
accordingly. 1781 Sir W. Jones Ess, Bailments 16. 1848 
Wuarton Law Lex. s.v., The common law recognizes three 
degrees of diligence. (1) Common or ordinary .. (2) High 
or great, which is extraordinary diligence ..(3) Low or 
slight, which is that which persons of less than common 
prudence, or indeed of amy prudence at all, take of their 
own concerns. 1875 Poste Gaius 477 The opposite of 
Negligence is Diligence, vigilance, attention, which, like 
Negligence, admits of an infinite variety of gradations. 
[id 480 If the interests of the parties are not identical, 
the Roman law, at least, requires extraordinary diligence. 

5. Sc. Law. a. The process of law by which 
persons, lands, or effects are attached on execution, 
or in security for debt. b. The warrant issued by 
a court to enforce the attendance of witnesses, or 
the production of documents. 

1568 in Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 426 The persons 
addebted for payment of the same being at the horne, 
and no further diligence used for obteaning of payment. 
1752 J. Lournian Horm of Process (ed. 2) 37 Therefore, 
necessary it is for the Complainers to have our Warrant 
and Diligence for summoning the said C.D. to compear 

46* -2 


DILIGENCE. 
before Our Lords Justice-General. 1754 Erskine Princ. 
Sc. Law (1809) 12 In our supreme courts o' ion and 


Exchequer, not only process, but execution of diligence, 
runs in the name of the Sovereign. 1827 Scorr Frnd. 
13 Oct., Mr. Abud .. has given the most positive orders to 
take out diligence against me for his debt of 1500/. 1858 
Poison Law & ZL. 197 Witnesses are brought into Court 
upon a diligence. 

i 2 (di'lidgéns ; Fr. d7lézans). [mod. 
F.: a particularuse of dzligence, DILIGENCE ! sense 2, 
also in Ger. and Du. ; It. diligenza, Sp. diligencia.} 
A public stage-coach. (Now used only in reference 
to France or other continental countries.) 

1742 Lavy M. W. Montacu Left. (1893) II. 110 Travelled 
from Paris to Lyons in the diligence. 
Tour France IV.19 The Diligence is a kind of stage coach 
so called from its expedition, and differs from the carosse 
or ordinary stage-coach, in little else but in moving with 
greater velocity. It is used chiefly in travelling from Paris 
to Lyons, and from Paris to Brussels. 1815 M. BirkBeck 
Journ. through France 17 From Rouen to Louviers we 
travelled by diligence. 1838 J. L. Srernens Trav. Greece, 
etc. 62/1 We mounted a drosky and rode to the office of the 
diligence, which was situated in the Podolsk, or lower town. 
1883 S.C. Hatt Retrospect 11. 207 When travelling .. on 
the top of a Diligence, Turner sketched, on the back of 
a letter, Heidelberg. 

+b. Formerly used also in Great Britain. Ods. 

1748 Smottett Nod, Rand. xi, I shall make my lord very 
merry with our adventures in the diligence. [Satirically: 
it was a wagon.) 1776 Westey IWks. (1830) IV. go, I set 
out for Bedford in the diligence. 1777 Suertpan Sch. Scand. 
1.i, Her guardian caught her just stepping into the York 
Diligence with her dancing-master. 1780 Map, D’ArsLay 
Lett. 9 June, If .. possible to send me a line by the 
diligence to Brighton. 1782 Sir J. E. Smitn in Mev. 
(1832) I. 55 We went in the diligence to Dumbarton. 1 
Papers on Reform of Posts App. ii. 3 The Diligence that 
sets out from Bath..on Monday afternoon, will deliver 
a letter on Tuesday morning. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
I. 379 The interests of large classes had been unfavour- 
ably affected by the establishment of the new diligences. 

e. Used for the passengers of a ‘ Diligence’. 
(Cf. Coach sé. 1c.) 

1887 Ruskin Preterita 11. 400 The hour when the dili- 

gence dined. ; 
d. attrib. 

1861 Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 607 Continuous diligence journey 
of three days and nights required to reach Madrid. 1866 
Miss Tuackeray Village on Cliff in Cornh. Mag. 527, 
Catherine .. looked out through the diligence windows at 
the chateau. 

+Diligency. Os. [ad. L. diligentia: sve 
DiLicENcE ! and -ENcY.] = DILicENcE |. 

1494 Fasyan Chron, v1. clxxviii. 175 He caused the sayd 
Charlys..to be norysshed & broughte vp with moost 
dylygensi. 1856 J. Hevwoop Spider & /. Ixxix. 53 Lack 
of this somers dayes diligentsie, May make me fast two 
dayes in winter. 1619 W. Scrater A.xf. 1 Thess. (1630) 
192 Meanes, with more diligency attended. 1672 Mrs. 
Atteine Life Fos. Alleine vi. (1838) 60 With greater 
ardency, diligency, and courage. 

Diligent (dilidzént), @. (adv.) Also 5-6 
deligent. [a. F. azligent (13-14th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad. L. diligent-em attentive, assiduous, 
careful, in origin pr. pple. of d/ligére to value or 
esteem highly, love, choose, affect, take delight in 
(doing) ; cf. Pr. dé/igent, Sp. and It. diligente.] 

1. Of persons: ‘Constant in application, perse- 
vering in endeavour, assiduous’, industrious ; ‘not 
idle, not negligent, not lazy.’ J. 

1340 Ayend. 32 Uolk.. pet by diligent ine pet hi byeb 
yhyealde to done. c1386 Cuaucer Sompn. T. 268 Oure 
covent To pray for yow is ay so diligent. c1430 Sy Gener. 
1152 Thei wer diligent in here seruice. a Dunpar 
Poems xc. 7 To fast and pray .. We synfull folk sulde be 
more deligent. 
the diligent shal haue plenty. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's 
Husb. 1. (1586) 14, A painefull and diligent Bayliffe. 
Ho.tysanp Campo di Fior 53 Philopon is diligentest, an 
honestest of all. 1674 PLayrorp Skid Mus. 111. 38 He that 
will be diligent to know. .the true allowances, 1771 Burke 
Corr, (1844) I. 351 Though he is not very active in the 
House, few are more diligent attenders. 1849 MAcauLay 
Hist. Eng. 1. 427 Comforts and luxuries ., now unknown 
..may be within the reach of every diligent and thrifty 
working man, 1877 Mrs. OuirHant Makers Flor. ix. 224 
He was a diligent student, working day and night. 

2. Of actions, etc.: Constantly or steadily ap- 
plied; prosecuted with activity and perseverance ; 
assiduous, a Ke 

1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 89 (Matz. these thynges, 
Foukte of olde tyme by diligent travaile. ?ax Wyeket 
(1828) Not in ydle lyuynge, but in diligente labourynge. 
1703 Damper Voy. II. Pref. Aivb, Things .. worthy of 
our Diligentest Search and Inquiry. 1847 Loncr. £v. n, 
Silent awhile were its treadles, at rest was its diligent 
shuttle. 1887 Bowen Virg. dineid 1. 455 Artist’s cunning, 
and workman's diligent hand. 

+8. Attentive, observant, heedful, careful. (Of 
persons and their actions, etc.) Ods. 

c1400 Lan/franc’s Lets B 199 Men moun be delyuerid of 
manye greet sijknessis if her tecte is kunnynge & diligent 
aboute hem. fen Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame sanz 
Mercy 112 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poents (1866) 55 In his langage 
not gretely dyligente. 1535 CoverDALy a xiii. é I haue 

euen diligent eare vnto the. @ 1§§2 Somerset in Foxe A. § 
M. (1563) 730b, It maie appere vnto vs mete, more dili- 
genter foals to be taken. 1593 Hooker Zcc?, Pol. m. i. 
(1611) 85 For lacke of diligent obseruing the difference. 1 
Damerer Voy. 1. 73 A very diligent and observing person. 
1701 Swirt Contests Nobles §& Commons iii, That exact and 
diligent writer Dionysius Halicarnasseus. 1756 Burke 


1756 NuGENT Gr. | 


1535 CovEeRDALE Prov. xiii. 4 The soule of | 


| 


, B64 


Subl. & B. v. iv, Ona very diligent examination of myown 
mind .. I do not find that .. any such picture is formed. 
+b. Attentive to others; assiduous in service. 
; as Wills & fal N. c. (Surtees 1835) 264 All my children 
oO 


r4 to hir as b ithe them. 
| J. Haywarp tr, Biondi's Eromena 105 Not like a 
waitin; i i Squire. 1689 SHADWELL 


3 man, but like a dilig 
Bury F.1. i, He will be diligent and fawning. 
+ B. adv. =DiicEntiy. Obs. 

1479 Eng. Gilds 413 So that. .they may the better, sewrer, 
and more diligenter, execute .. their said Officez. 1556 
Lauber T7ractate 228 Quhilk suld be taucht most detigent 
Be faithfull Pastors. 1590 Spenser /. Q.1. iii.g He wayted 
diligent, With humble service to her A prepare 

+ Diligent, v. Obs. rare. [ad. ¥. diligent-er 
to execute with diligence (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
f. diligent DILIGENYT.] trans. To bestow diligence 
upon ; to work at diligently. 

1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde (1634) ww. vi. 197 Be [the 
earth] .. neuer so well diligented and picked, yet alwayes 
therein will remaine .. seeds of vnlooked for weeds. 

ently (di'lidzéntli), adv. [f. DinicEnt a. 
+-LY%.) In a diligent manner; with diligence. 
a. With steady application; assiduously, indus- 
triously ; not idly or lazily ; + with dispatch. 

1340 A yend. 208 Huo pet on diligentliche. 1382 Wyciir 
2 Chron. xix. 11 Takith coumfort and doith diligently, and 
the Lord schal ben with 30u in goodis. 1477 Eart Rivers 
(Caxton) Dictes 128 If he be pouer to laboure dylygentely. 
1530 TinDALE A nsw. to More 1. xxvi. Wks. (1573) 287/2 The 
Jewes studyed the scripture the deligenterly. c 1540 RDE 
The boke for to Lerne Cijb, They .. serue god the holy 
dayes .. more dylygentlyer, than to do theyr worke. 
Grarton Chron. Il. 822 That all thinges .. shoulde be 
spedily and diligently done. 1612 T. TayLor Comm. Titus 
i. 6 Study to doe thy owne dutie diligently. 1752 JoHNSON 
Rambler No, 207 ® 8 When we have diligently laboured 
for any purpose. 1870 AnpEKson J/issions Amer, Bd. 111. 
iv. 53 Applying himself diligently .. to natural and theo- 
logical science. 1894 J. T. FowLer Adamnan Introd. 70 
Columba laboured diligently among the Picts. 

+b. Attentively, carefully, heedfully. Ods. 

¢1391 Cuaucer Astro/. 1. § 17 Espie diligently whan this 
«.sterre passeth any-thing the sowth westward. 1483 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 72/1 Beholdyng hym dylygently in the 
clere lyght. 1 W. CunnincHam Cosmogr. Glasse 139 
Marking diligentlye that the Center of the second Circle, 
be in the line of sighte. 1656 RipcLey Pract. Physick 87 
It must be diligently distinguished from an Imposthume. 
1695 Lp. Preston Boeth. v. 226 It hath not yet been dili- 
gently and thorowly determined. 

+ Diligentness. Os. rare—°. [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being diligent; dili- 
gence, assiduity. 

I Pasar. 212/2 Delygentnesse, diligence. 1580 Barnet 
Aly. Q 15 Diligentnesse, lustinesse, quicknesse, Jmfigritas. 
1727 Batey vol. I, Diligentness, diligence. 

ilirious, -ium, obs. erron. ff. Drxirious, 
-1UM. 

Dilituric (dailititierik), a. Chem. [f. Di-2.2 
+ Liru-1c+ Uric.) In diliturtc acid, Cy, H3(NO,) 
N, O,, a substitution product of urea, crystallizing 
in colourless square prisms and laminz. Its salts 
are Dilitu'rates. 

1872 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 966 Dilituric acid is tribasic. 
.. The diliturates have a white or yellow colour, and are 
remarkably stable. 

Diliuer(e, obs. forms of DELIVER. 

Dill (dil), 56.1 (OF. déle, dile, (dil) dyle masc. 
=OLG. dilli, MDu. and Du, délle f., OHG. t//2, 
MHG. ¢i//e m. and f., Ger. dt// m., dille f., Dan. 
dild, Sw. dill. Ulterior derivation unknown.] 

1. An umbelliferous annual plant, Anethum gra- 
veolens, with yellow flowers, a native of the South 
of Europe, Egypt, India, South Africa, etc., culti- 
vated in herb gardens in England and other 
countries, for its carminative fruits or ‘seeds’. 
Also called ANE?. 

a 700 Epinal [& a800 Er/] Gloss. 21 Anetum dil. aBoo 
Corpus Gloss. 159 Anetum dili. cx000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. 
xxili. 23 Wa eow, boceras..ze pe teodiad mintan and 
dile and cymyn. c1000o Sax. Leechd. 11. 20 Wip heafod 
ece zenim diles blostman. a 1387 Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. 
Oxon.) 10 Anetum, dile vel dille. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 
1v. 167 Nowe sette in places colde, senvey and dyle. 1578 
Lyre Dodoens u. xc. 270 They sowe Dill in pprarts 
amongst wortes, and Pot herbes, 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. 
ii, 49 
camphora, and calamint, and dill. 1612 Drayton Po/y-o/b. 
xiii. 218 The wonder-working Dill .. Which curious women 
use in many anice disease, 1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc. 
Nymphidia 127 Therewith her Veruayne and her Dill, 
That hindreth Witches of their will. “1778 Br. Lowrn 
Transl. Isaiah xxviii. 25 Doth not he then scatter the dill, 
and cast abroad the cummin? 1794 Martyn Xousseau's 
Bot. v. 57 Some, as fennel, dill, .have yellow flowers. 1855 
Sincteton Virgil I, 11 The bloom of scented dill. 

2. Applied locally to other umbelliferous plants ; 
also to some species of vetch ; see quots. 

¢1680 Enguiries 2/2 Do you sow hereabout the Gore- 
Vetch... Dills or Lentils? 1789 W. Marsnaut Glouc, Gloss., 
Dill, ervum hirsutum, two-seeded tare; which has been 
cultivated (on the Cotswold Hills) time immemorial, prin- 
cipally for 184 Hatuwewt, Dill, hedge parsley. 
Var. dial. 1881 Leicester Gloss., Dill, tare ; vetch (Vicia 
sativa). 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dilis, Vetches. *Dills and 
wuts’ are often sown to be cut as green meat for horses. 

3. attrib. and Comb., as dill-flower, -fruit, -seed ; 
+ dill-nut (dé/-note), an old name of the Earth-nut, 
Bunium (also, by confusion of ‘ pig-nut’ and * sow- 


» 


1568 


ad gathered rew, and savine, and the flowre Of | 


DILLI-DARLING. 


bread’, taken in the herbals as Cyclamen) ; dill- 
water, a carminative draught from dill ; 
dill weed, a name in U.S. for May weed, Anthe- 
mis Cotula. 

a1450 4 /phita (Anecd. Oxon.) 134 Panis i? tcla- 
men, malum terre, dilnote uel maheaes Sie ty 9 
MS. 553 in Cockayne Sax. Leechd. 111. 321 Gciememn, 
eorpenote or dillnote or oye or halywort. pis 

es ylich to fenel & whyte floures & a small stalk & 

groweth in wodes & medes. 1586 W. Wense Eng. 
Poetrie (Arb.) 78 And dyll flowres most sweete that 
sauoureth also. 1641 Frencu Distill. ii. (1651) 49 Adde to 
them .. of Dill-seed bruised two ounces. 1868 Hoce Veg. 
Kingda. 377 The carminative draught k as Dill water. 
1860 Adi Year Round No. 52. 48 The dill-water stands 
upon the shelf. 

+ Dill, sd.2 Obs. Rogues’ Cant. [Variant of, or 
error for, Deu 2.] A girl, wench. 

a Mippteton Spanish Gipsy iv. i, Who loves not hi 
dit fer him die pepo anes pidge ; 

sb.3 Naut. The space underneath the 
cabin floor in a wooden fishing vessel, into which 
the bilge-water drains. 

1882 Standard 11 Mar. 3/4 The lad was placed in the 
dill, a place at the bottom of the vessel, full of bilge water. 

Dill sé.4, obs. form of Dot, grief, mourning. 

c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xv, 1 in dungun, and dill, is done 
for to duelle. a1765 Sir Cawline iv. in Child Ballads i. 
Ixi. 58/1 Great dill to him was dight. 

Dill sd.5, erron. f. di/se, DULSE, a sea-weed. 

1867 in Smytn Sailor's Word-bk. 

a a. north. dial. Obs. Also 4 dil, dille, 
deille, dylle. [Perh. early form of Du a. q.v.] 
Sluggish, slow, stupid, dull. 

¢ 1200 Orin 3714 Mannkinn patt wass stunnt & dill, & 
skilllas swa summ asse. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 17225 (Cott.) Bot 
i pat es sa dedli dill, Me spedis ai me-self to spill. /did. 
27238 Yong man [is] idel, and ald man dill. 13.. &. Z. 
Allit. P. A. 679 Hymself to onsware he is not dyfic. 13-- 
Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1529 3e demen me to dille your dalyaunce 
to herken. a1400 Kelig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. ix. 
(1867) gx All pe dedes pay couthe doo pat derfe ware and 
dill. ¢1440 Fork Myst. xxvii. 149 So wel away ! That euer 
I did pat dede sodill. + 

+ Dill,v.' Ods. Also 4 dil,dyle. [a. ON. dyla 
(pa. t. duldi, duldi, pa. pple. duldr, dulidr), Sw. 
dolja, Da. délge to conceal, hide, keep close, dis- 
guise: cf. ON. du/ concealment, du/r silent, close, 
dul- secret.] . 

1. ¢rans. To conceal, hide, keep secret. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 202 (Cott.) Tuus wit ret vnschill 
Wend his vprisyng to dill. /éid. 1081 His yor ded 
sua wend he dil, Bot he moght nourquar it hil. Jd, 4271 
And ioseph lette he wist it noght; He wist and dild it, als 
be wis. /éid. 13031 Naman aght it thol ne dill. [/air/, 
dyle.]_ /bid. 21363 Pe right e pai wend to dil (Faiz 
dille] Vte of be cristen men skil. 

2. intr. To conceal oneself, to hide. 

a 1300 Cursor M. g292(Cott.) Fra him for-soth sal nan cun 
dil [v. v7. stele, wibdrawe]. - 

Dill, v.2 north. dial. [Related to Ditr a.: cf. 
Dut v.; also ON. diél/a intr. to trill, to lull.] 
trans. To soothe, assuage, lull, quiet down. 

1450 Henryson Xodbin § Ma. v, My dule in dern bot 
gif thow dill Doutles bot dreid Ide. ¢ 1460 Towneley Myst. 
xv. 80 (Surtees) 136 My son? alas, for care! who myd my 
doyllys dyll? 164 R. Baie gar | Frais. aber) + 310 
The noise of the Queen's Vores to France is dilled down. 
1820 J. Strutners Brit. Minstrel 11, 80 The word dill 
means simply to soothe or assuage. 1851 S. Jupp A/argaret 
140 (Bartlett) This medecine. cil dill fevers, dry up sores 
..kill worms. 1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dill, to ease 
pain, to lull, as something ‘to dill the toothache’. 1875 
aon “* Gloss., ying lull or soothe’a child. .‘thee dill that 
chylt an’ git it % 

b. absol. To benumb, cause ary mgt a 

c St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4034 With = e man 
Fick i hilde For pare pe paraliny heat dilde. 

+ Dill, v.8 Ods. [Origin uncertain.] /vans. To 
trim, deck, dress up. (Also aéso/.) 

1548 Hoorer Declar. 10 Commandm. x,Wks. (Parker Soc.) 

77 Other sort .. are a-dilling and burling of their hair a 
ad x time than a godly woman. .is in apparelling of three 
or four young infants. 1594 WiLLonie A risa xx. i. (2635) 38 
No maruell well, thou; haue thriu'd That so can decke, 
that so can dill. 1616 J. Lane Cont. Sor.’s 7. xi. 160 The 
vanities of thother knightes and ladies; The fickell pompe 
of dilld-vp whifflinge babies. ; 

|| Dillenia (dil7nia). Bot. [mod.L. after Dél- 
lenius, professor of botany at Oxford 1728-1747.] 
A genus of plants, typical of the N.O, Dilleniacex, 
natives of India and the Eastern peninsula, con- 
sisting of lofty forest trees with handsome flowers. 
Hence Dillenia‘ceous a., of or belonging to the 
natural order Dilleniacex. Dille‘niad, a member 
of this natural order. ad 

1753 Cuampers Cycl. Sig Ditllenia,..a genus of plants. 

. E. Smirn Pays. cos do Dillenia, with its beautiful 
blossoms and fruit, serves to immortalize two of the most 
meritorious among botanists. 1837 Penny Cyc?. VIII. 497 
Dilleniaceous plants are distinguished .. from Magnoliacea: 
by their want of stipules. 1 Treas. Bot. 1. 408 The 
species of this genus of dilleniads are handsome lofty trees 
inhabiting dense forests in India. 

+ Dilli-da‘r . Obs, rare. [First element 
app. identical with Dittine.] A term of endear- 
ment: a darling. So Dilli-mi‘nion. 

[These terms translate F. dorelot and bedauit, both of which 
Cotgr. renders ‘ dilling ’.] 


ee 


ee 


a 
= 


oe a ee 


= 


eee” 


DILLIGROUT. 


1693 Urounart Rabelais ut. xiv. 114 As if I had been a 
..neat dillidarling Minion, like Adonis. /déd. 11. xviii. 146 
My dainty Fedle-darling, my gentiel Dilli-minion. 

Di'lligrout, 0ds.exc. /ist. Also dile-,dille-, 
dilly-. [Derivation unknown, 

In the recent form of the word, the second element is app. 
taken as grout porridge of coarse meal; but this appears 
to be only a 17th c. mis-reading of the Anglo-French ded 
girunt or geroun of unknown meaning. Cf. Zesta de 
Neville (Recd.), Debet facere ferculum [quendam] quod 
vocatur [del] girunt. 1304 Lib. de Antig. Leg. p. 1xxix. 
Ferculum pro domino Rege quod vocatur mees de geroun.] 

A kind of pottage, of which a mess was offered 
to the Kings of England on their coronation-day, 
by the lord of the manor of Addington in Surrey, 
being the ‘service’ by which that manor was held. 

Sh aetey the manor is held by Tezelin the King’s 
cook, 

1662 St. George’s Day (1685) 10 Thomas Leigh Esquire was 
brought up to the Table with a Mess of Pottage called Déve- 
grout, by reason of his Tenure of the Manor of Addington. 
1679 Buount Anc. Tenures 1. 19727 Ceremonies Coronations 
49 Then follows the Mess of Pottage, or Gruel, called D/l/e- 
grout. 1778 Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Addington, The 
Ld. of this manor, in the R. of Henr. III. held it by this 
service, viz. to make his Majesty a mess of pottage in an 
earthen pot in the K’s kitchen at his coronation, called Dil- 
li rout. 1880 Burton Reign QO. Anneli. 51. 

illing (di‘lin). Ods. exc. déa/. [Of doubtful 
etymology: it has been variously conjectured to 
be connected with Dinu v.%, or ON. dl/a to trill, 
to lull, or to be a modification of dering, DARLING. 
Further evidence is wanted.] A term of endear- 
ment, sometimes equivalent to dar/ing, sometimes, 
the youngest of a family, the last born. In modern 
dialects applied to the weakling of a litter. 

[1547Satessury Welsh Dict., Dillin Mignyon.] 1584 B. R. 
Herodotus 106 After this there befell unto him another mis- 
chiefe that sate as neere his skirtes as the death of his dil- 
ling. _ 1598 Fiorito, A/ignzone, a minion, a fauorit, a dilling, 
a minikin, a darling. 1607 Marston What you Will 1. 1, 
Sunne, Moone, and seauen Starres make thee the dilling of 
Fortune. 1611 Cotcr., Besot, a dilling, or swill-pough; the 
last, or yongest child one hath. 1612 Drayton /ody-old. 
ii. 26 The youngest and the last. .Saint Hellen’s name doth 
beare, the dilling of her mother. 1617 Minsneu Ductor in 
Ling., A Dilling or wanton, one borne his father being 
very old. .he is loved more than the rest. @ 1639 WHATELY 
Prototypes wt. xxvi. (1640) 76 For Joseph and Benjamin .. 
they were his youngest sons, dillings as we call them. 1674 
Ray S. & £. C. Words 64 A Dilling ; a Darling or best- 
beloved child. 1890 Rosertson Glouc. Gloss., Dilling pig 
or dolly pig, the weakly pig of a litter. 

isk, -esk, -osk, dills, Irish and Sc. names 
of. DULSE, 

Dill-nut: see under Dit sd.1 

+Dillue, v. Aining. Obs. Also 8 dilleugh, 
7-8 erron. dilve. [a. Cornish dyZ//o to send forth, 
emit, let out, liberate, discharge (Williams) = Welsh 
dillwng to let go, liberate. (The final o in the 
Cornish was very close, hence the Eng. spelling ze.)] 
trans, To finish the dressing of (tin-ore) by shak- 
ing it in a fine sieve in water. Hence Dilluer, 
Dilluing-sieve, ; 

1671 in Phil. Trans, V1. 2110 We. .dilue [Printed dilve] it 
(i. e. by putting it into a Canvass Sieve, which holds water, 
and in a large Tub of water lustily shake it) so that the filth 
gets over the rim of the Sieve, leaving the Black Tin behind. 
1721 Baitey, Dilving, a word used in the dressing Tin Ore. 
1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub, 223 The latter [waste] will 
run or fly over, and is called dilleughing smalls or pitworks. 
Ibid. 319 Dillueing. (Dillengh, To let go, let fly, send 
away. Dylyr,id.Cornish.) A method of washing or finish- 
ing the dressing of Tin in very fine hair sieves, called 
Dillueing sieves, or Dilluers. 

Dill weed: see under Dixt sd.1 

1 (dili). [Abbreviation of DinicEnce 2.] 
+1. A familiar term for the diligence or public 
stage-coach of former days. Ods. 

1786 Mackenzie Lounger No. 54 ?5 A coach with eight 
insides, besides two boys and their governor in the dilly. 
1798 J. W. Frere Loves of the Triangles (Anti-Facobin) 179 
So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourn, | nes The Derby 
dilly, carrying 7%ree Insides. 1811 E. LysaGutr Poems 39 
Some to avoid mad care’s approaches Fly off in dillies, or 
mail-coaches, 1818 Moore Fudge Fam. Paris x. 35 ‘ Be- 

nning gay, desperate, dashing down-hilly; And ending as 
ull as a six-inside Dilly!’ 1894 Sir J. D. Asttey Fifty 
Years of my Life 1.93 ‘This always swung at the side of the 
‘dilly’ [Note, 2. e, diligence]. 

+2. A kind of vehicle, private or plying for 
hire. Ods. 

1794, W. Fetton Carriages (1801) II. App. 14 The price 
of a simple Dilly or Chair Box caned or ruled with springs 
is five guineas. 1833 Marryar P. Simple (1863) 47 We sallied 
forth, and..found all sorts of vehicles ready to take us to 
the fair. We got into one which they called a dilly. 1840 
— Poor Sack xi, Dillies. «plied at the Elephant and Castle. 

3. Applied dialectally to various carts, trucks, 
and other wheeled vehicles, used in agriculture and 
industrial operations. 

1850 Jrul, RK. Agric, Soc. X1. 1. 727 Crops of vegetables. . 
which they carry to the Bristol market in their ‘dillies’ as 
their light platform carts are called. 1863 Morton Cyc. 
Agric. Gloss., Dilly (West. Eng.), a frame on wheels for 
carrying teazles and other light matters. 1877 WV. W. Linc. 
Gloss., Dilly, a vehicle used for removing manure. 1888 
Etwortuy W, Somerset Word-bk. 194 Dilly, A cask on 
wheels for carrying liquids ; a water-cart. Also a low four- 
wheeled truck on which mowing-machines and other im- 
plements are drawn, 1892 Northumdbld. Gloss., The old 


365 


engine on the Wylam railway was .. called .. ‘the Wylam 
dilly’, The counter-balance mounted upon two pairs of 
tramwheels, by means of which the empty tubs in a pit are 
carried up an incline, is called a dilly. 

Dilly 2. collog. or dial. A call to ducks; hence, 
a nursery name for a duck (also dl/y-ach). 

Nursery Song‘ Mrs. Bond’, John Ostler, go fetch me a 
duckling or two; Cry, dilly, dilly, dilly, dilly, come and be 
killed. @1845 Hoop Drowning Ducks xiv, ‘Vhe tenants .. 
Had found the way to Pick a dilly. 1880 BLackmore J/ary 
Anerley 1, xviii. 283 The sweetness and culture of tame 
dilly-ducks. 1888 Berksh. Gloss., Dill or Dilly, Call for 
ducks. 

Dilly °. 
DILLY. ‘ 

1878 Britten & Hortanp Plant-n., Dilly, an abbrevi- 
ation of daffodilly. Derdy. White Dillies, i.e. white daffo- 
dillies, Narcissus poeticus. Lance. ; 

Dilly 4. [Shortened from Safodil/a, the name 
used by Catesby Wat. Hist. Carolina I. 87.] In 
Wild Dilly, . small sapotaceous tree, A/ineusops 
Steberd, found in the W. Indies and on the Florida 
keys, and yielding a very hard wood. 

1895 Sarcent Silva N. America V. 183 Wild Dilly, dis- 
covered on the Bahamas by Mark Catesby. Catesby calls 


it ‘ Sappodillo ‘Tree’, 

Di'lly-ba: . Also simply dilli, dilly. Aws- 
tralia. [dill native name in Queensland.] An 
Australian native-made bag or basket, plaited of 
rushes or bark. Hence Dillyful. 

1847 Leicunarpt Yrv. iii. go In their ‘dillis’ (small 
baskets) were several roots or tubers. /6zd. gt Dillis neatly 
worked of Koorajone bark. 1885 Mrs. C. Prarp A ustra- 
lian Life 34, 1 learned too at the camp to plait dilly-bags. 
1889 — Romance of Station 75 A fresh dillyful of live crabs. 
1890 Botprewoon Colonial Reformer xvii. 210 May-boy 
came forward dangling a small dilly-bag. 1893 Mrs. C. 
Praep Outlaw & Lawmaker 1. 103 The dilly-bag, which 
had been plaited by the gins, smelled atrociously. 

Dilly-dally (dilijde li), v. [A varied redupli- 
cation of DALLy v., with the same alternation as in 
sig-sag, shilly-shally, etc., expressing see-saw 
action.]_ zaév. To act with trifling vacillation 
or indecision; to go on dallying wth a thing 
without advancing ;,to loiter in vacillation, to 
trifle. 

(Prob. in colloquial use as early as 1600: cf. the sb.) 

1741 RicHarpson Pamela (1824) I. 100 What you do, sir, 
do; don’t stand dilly-dallying. 1801 Mar. Epnceworru 
Belinda (1832) 1, xvii. 320, 1. .knew she’d dilly dally with 
Clary till he would turn upon his heel and leave her. 1877 
SpurGEon Sevm. XXIII. 598 Every man. .who dilly-dallies 
with salvation and runs risks with his soul. 1883 STEVENSON 
Treasure Isl. \. xvi, There is no time to dilly-dally in our 
work. 

Hence Di-lly-da‘llying wvé/. sb. and Ppl. a.; 
Di‘lly-da‘liier. 

1879 Mrs. L. B. Watrorp Cozsins III. 214 Mind you I'll 
have no dilly-dallying this time. 1880 WesB Goethe's Faust 
Prel. for Theatre 14 Don’t say you're not in time to show it! 
The dillydallier ne’er will be. 1881 Durham Univ. Fru. 
17 Dec. 133 Half-hearted, dilly-dallying work. 

Di-lly-da‘lly, s2., a., adv. [f. the vb.] 

+ A. sb. Dilly-dallying, trifling hesitancy. Also 
the name of a game. Ods. 

@1610 BaBInGTon Com. Notes, Gen. xxiv. 57 Such dilly 
dally is fitter for heathens that know not God, than for 
sober Christians. 1698 E. Warp 77ip Yamaica Wks. 1717 
II. 156 The chief sports we had on board, to pass the tedious 
hours, were Hob, Spie the Market, Shove the Slipper, Dilly- 


ay: 
. adj, (dial.). C. adv. (nonce-use.) 

1749 Fietpinc Tom Yones xvut. xii, If I had suffered her 
to stand shill I shall I, dilly dally, you might not have had 
that honour yet awhile. 1888 E:wortuy W. Sonterset 
Word-bk. 194 Dilly-dally, undecided ; shilly-shally. _ 189; 
Q. [Coucu] Delectable Duchy 240 Of all the dilly-dallyin 
men I must say, John, you’m the dilly-dalliest. 

+ Dillydown. Oés. rare. Cf. DILLI-DARLING, 
DILLING. 

©1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 115 A pratty child is he 
“pales downe, perde, To gar a man laghe. 

D : see DILLY-BAG. 

Dilmond, var. f. Dinmont. 

Dilnote, obs. f. did/-nut: see Dity sd.1 3. 

——— (dailp'dzikal), a. [f. Gr. didoyos 
doubtful, 5:Aoyia repetition + -10 + -aL, after Jog?- 
cal.| Waving a double meaning ; equivocal. 

¢ 1633 T. Apams IVs. (1861-2) I. 10(D.) In such spurious, 
enigmatical, dilogical terms as the devil gave his oracles. 

Dilogy (dilddgi, doilddgi). Ret. [ad. L. 
dilogia ambiguity, a. Gr. d:Aoyia, f. SiAoyos, f. bi- 
twice + -Aoyos speaking. In mod.F. dlogie.] 

1. The use of an ambiguous or equivocal expres- 
sion ; the word or expression so used. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dilogy, a doubtful speech, which 
may signifie or be construed two ways. 1832 J. C. Harein 
Philol. Museunt 1. 460 A double meaning or dilogy is the 
= only one thing, but having two things in view. 

. Repetition of a word or phrase, in the same 
context. In recent Dicts. 


+ Dilovricate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dilo- 
rvicat-, ppl. stem of d7/oricare to tear apart or open 
(one’s dress, etc.), f. dz- (dis-) apart + Jorica leathern 
cuirass.] 

1623 CockEeraM, Diloricate, to rip. 1656 BLount Glossog’., 
Diloricate, to undo, cut or rip a coat that is sewed. 


A familiar shortening of Darro- 


DILUTE. 


Dilse, Sc, form of Dutsr. 

+ Dilu‘cid, z. Ods. [ad. 1.. diliicéd-us clear, 
bright, f. d7licére to be clear, f. di-, dés- apart 
(Dis- 1) + Ziicére to shine, be light.] 

1. Zt. Clear to the sight; pure, bright. 7 ave. 

1650 Butwer A nthropomet. vii. (1653) 133 Eares..soft and 
delicate, aspersed with the dilucid colour of Roses. 

2. Clear to the understanding; lucid, plain, 
manifest. 

@ 1640 JACKSON Creed x. xiii, His illustrations out of scrip- 
ture are far more dilucide. 1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. 
Learn. vi, ili. (R.), An ambiguous, or not so perspicuous 
and dilucide description of lawes. 1671 7rue Nonconf. 224 
A dilucide and th{oJrough knowledge. 

+ Dilu‘cidate, 7//. a. Obs. [ad. L vilicedat- 
us, pa. pple. of dilacidare to make clear, to ex- 
plain, f. diliced-us: see prec.] Made clear or 
lucid; =prec. Hence + Dilucidateness. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. ® 297 Very often more dilucidate in 
their abstracted part. 1727 Baitry vol. I], Dilucidateness 
- clearness, plainness. 

+ Dilu‘cidate, v. Ods. Also 6-7 de-. [f. L. 
dilicidat- ppl. stem of dilicidare: see prec.] 
trans. ‘To make clear or plain; to elucidate. 

1538 St. Papers Hen. VITT, 1. 576 Such annotacions .. 
as shall douteles delucidate and cleare the same, 1611 
Corcr., Dilucider, to cleere, dilucidate, explain, mani- 
fest. 1638 Sir ‘Tl. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 95 ‘Till time might 
delucidate his innocency. 1761 S Tr, Shandy 111. 
xxxviii, He has .. examined every part of it dialectically .. 
dilucidating it with all the light which .. the collision of his 
own natural parts could strike. 1764 'T'. Pritties Life Reg. 
Pole (1767) 1. 43 His conscience was interested in having 
the lawfulness of it dilucidated. 

Ilence Dilu-cidated ///. a.; Dilucidating v// 
sh. ; Dilucidator. 

a1660 Hammonp IVs, II. 1. 6 (R.) For the dilucidating 
of obscurities in ancient story. 1689 (¢/t/e), ‘The Diluci- 
dator, or Reflections upon modern transactions, by way of 
Letters from a person at Amsterdam to his friend in London. 
1759 Ditwortu /’ofe 2 A concise and dilucidated account 
of the life of Pope. : : 

+ Dilucida‘tion. 02s. [ad. L. di/ictdation-en, 
n. of action from dlicidare to Ditucipate.] The 
action of making lucid or clear; a clearing up; 
explanation, elucidation. 

1615 Crooke ody of Man 698 It remaineth that wee pro 
ceéede vnto the dilucidation of some difficult questions con- 
cerning the Eares. 1657 Tomitnson Reno's Disp. 502 
It needs no further dilucidation. @ 1661 HoLtypay Fuvenal 
121 As Marcellus Donatus observed in his Dilucidations of 
Livie. 1744 Warpurton It’s, (1811) XI. 277 A full diluci- 
dation of my four propositions. 

+ Dilucidity. O¢s. [f. Duc: see -1Try.] 
The quality of being dilucid ; clearness, lucidity. 

1603 Hotianp Plutarch's Mor. 1199 ‘Together with plain- 
nesse, and diluciditie, beliefe was so turned and altered. 

1; any adv. Obs. [f. Ditucip +-.y 2.] 
Lucidly ; clearly, plainly. 1 

1638 Mepr Ef. to Hartlib Wks. (1672) 1v. 869 If Ihave not 
expressed myself so dilucidly as I should, I pray helpit. 1677 
Cary Chronoé. u. 1. Concl. 270 Provided that he .. do first 
Dilucidely answer those Objections. 

Diludge, obs. var. of DELUGE. 

Diluent (di‘lizjént), a and sd. [ad. L. ¢iluent- 
em, pr. pple. of di/uére to wash away, dissolve :- 
see DinuteE.] A. adj. 

1. Diluting > serving to attenuate or weaken the 
consistency of any fluid by the addition of water or 
the like ; sfec., in medicine, making thin the fluids 
of the body. 

1731 ArputHNot Ox Aliments v. (R.), There is no real 
diluent but water; every fluid is diluent as it contains 
water in it. 1757 Jonnstone in Phil. Trans. L. 546 To 
drink plentifully of thin broths, and other soft diluent 


liquors. 1833 E. Firzceratp Le?t. hee) I. 20 None of 
the washy, diluent effects of green vegetables. 1884 H. W. 


Beecuer in Chr. World Pulpit XXV. 234 As men mix 
strong wines with diluent water: 

2. That has the property of dissolving ; solvent. 

1878 Moztey Zss. II. 379 (Argt. Design) A rule much 
more diluent of all certainty. 

. 5b. 

1. That which dilutes, dissolves, or makes more 
fluid ; a diluting agent ; a solvent. 

1775 Sir E. Barry Observ. Wines 392 This is the universal 
diluent. 1827 Abernetuy Sug. Wks. 1. 31The pancreatic 
juice has been considered as an useful and necessary diluent. 
1856 R. A. VauGHAN J/ystics (1860) I. 215 A chemist might 
call the former the sublimate, the latter the diluent, of the 
Actual. 1878 Moztey E£ss. II. 382 (Argt. Design) They 
are dissolved as soon as they enter this strong diluent. 

2. sfec. A substance which increases the propor- 
tion of water in the blood and other bodily 


fluids. 

172t Baitey, Délvents .. medicines serving to thin the 
blood. 1732 ArsutHnot Rides of Diet 270 Diluents, as 
Water, Wisy, Tea. 1782 J. C. Smytn in Med. Commun. 
I. 77 Warm diluents were. .all that were necessary for the 
cure. 1861 FLo. Nicutincate Nursing 53 The patient 
requires diluents for quite other purposes than quenching 
the thirst. 1875 H. C. Woop Vheraf. (1879) 588 A diluent 
is an indifferent substance which is absorbed and in its 
passage through the body simply dilutes the various fluids 
of the organism as well as the excretions. 


Dilute (di-, dailizt), pf. a. [ad. L. dilit-us 
diluted, weak, thin, pa. pple. f. di/uére to dissolve, 
dilute, f. d¢-, dis- (Dis- 1) + /uéve to wash.] 


DILUTE. 


1. Weakened in consistency or strength by the 
addition of water or of anything having a like 
effect ; watered down. 

1658 Priturs, s.v. Dilution, Wine dilute signifieth wine 
that is mingled with water. ¢ 1698 Locke Cond. Underst. 
$45 A large dose of dilute tea. 1757A. Coorer Distiller 
1. xvi. (1760) 70 The Wash should made dilute or thin. 
1843 Sir C. Scupamore Med. Visit Griifenberg 22 In the 
most dilute urine, I found the evidence of saline matter. 

b. sfec. of a chemical substance. 

1800 Henry fit. Chem. (1808) 118 Weigh the dilute acid 
employed. 1816 Accum Chem. Tests s eoacd 176 Soluble in 
dilute nitric and acetic acid. 1871 B. Srewarr Heat § 129 
One of dilute sulphuric acid. 

ce. Of a weakened or weaker colour (as in an in- 
fusion to which water is added) ; washed-out. 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 106 After a while it [matter] .. grows 
dilute and pale. 1728 Pemperton Newton's Philos. 346 The 
yellow which preceded this was at first pretty good, but soon 

rew dilute. 1796 Wituerinc Brit. Plants 1V. 262 Gills 

xed, dilute green .. or whitish towards the edges. 1813 
Pricnarp Phys. Hist. Mankind (1836) 1. 221 A much lighter, 
or more dilute shade. 1860 Tyxvatt G/ac, 1. xviii. 128 And 
permit the sun to shed a ghastly dilute light. 

2. fig. Weak, enfeebled, poor, paltry. Ods. (exc. 
as directly fig. from 1). 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xxv. § 12. 125 The more you 
recede from the Scriptures .. the more weake and dilute are 
your positions. a 1631 Donne Serm. Hosea ii. 19 (1634) 22 

ow pallid, and faint, and dilute a thing all the honours of 
this world are. 1664 H. More Myst. /nig. 208 It were a 
dilute busimess for the Apostle to describe Antichrist onely 
by the bare denial of Jesus his being the Christ. 1722 
Wottaston Relig. Nat. viii. 166 The relation between the 
children of these children grows more remote and dilute, 
and in time wears out. 1814 Monthly Mag. XXXVI. 33 
Many a work of art distilled to its essential beauties wand 
keep, which putrifies in its dilute state. 

Dilute (di-, dailizt), v.  [f. L. di/it- ppl. stem 
of dilucre: see prec. Cf. F. déluer.] 

1. ¢rans, ‘To dissolve or make liquid by the addi- 
tion of water, ¢sf. to make thinner or weaker by 
this means, to water down ; to reduce the strength 
of (a fluid) by admixture, 

1664 Evetyn Aad. //ort. (1729) 207 Diluting it with a 
Portion of Water. 1712 Buackmore Creation vi. (R.), By 
constant weeping mix their watery store With the chyle’s 
current, and dilute it more. 1791 Cowrer /dtad 1x. 251 
Replenish it with wine Diluted less. 1791 HAmiLton Ber- 
thollet's Dyeing 1. 1. 1. i. 5 Sulphuric acid diluted with a 
very large quantity of water. 1799 (i. Smitn Laboratory 
I, 270 Lay on it muscle-shell gold or silver, diluted with size. 
1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. 1. 294 Dilute one part of calcined 
bones in four parts of water. 1830 M Donovan Dom. Econ. 
1. 373 A small quantity of brandy, diluted with much water. 
1856 Emerson Eng. /'raits, Result Wks. (Bohn) IL. 133 In 
bad seasons, the porridge was diluted. 1867 W. W. Smytu 
Coal & Coal-mining 223 An adequate amount of ventilation 
.. to dilute and render harmless noxious gases. 

tb. Aled. To treat with diluents. Oés. 

1740 E. Baynarpv Health (ed. 6) 11 They cool, dilute, and 
quench the thirst. 1768 Foore Devil on 2 Sticks 11. Wks. 
1799 II. 275 Full power .. to pill .. dilute..and poultice, 
all persons. 

2. To weaken the brilliancy of (colour); to make 
of a faint or washed-out hue. 

1665 Hooke Wicrogr. 69 Saline refracting bodies which do 
dilute the colour of the one, do deepen that of the other. 
/bid. 71 There are other Blues, which .. will not be diluted 
by grinding. @1727 Newron (J.), The chamber was dark, 
lest these colours pea be diluted and weakened by the 
mixture of any adventitious light. 1794*Home in PA#l. 
Trans. LXXXYV. 3 Which by diluting the image formed in 
the focus .. makes that image appear far less bight. 

3. fig. To weaken, take away the strength or 
force of: generally with obvious reference to the 


literal sense. 

©1555 Harpesrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 124 These 
arguments the adversaries went about to dilute and solve. 
1810 Syp. Smitu “'ss., Fem. Educ. (1869) 199 Can there be 
any reason why she should be diluted and enfeebled down 
to a mere culler of simples? 1831 Brewster Nezwton 
(1855) I. x. 225 The second dissertation..in which he 
dilutes the objections made against the theory. 1852 H. 
Corertwoce North. Worthies Advt. 16 The Author finds .. 
nothing which he is resolved to Dilute into no meaning. 
a 283 Roprxtson Serm. Ser. m. i. (1872) 2 That unreal 
religion of excitement which diluted the earnestness of real 
religion in the enjoyment of Hisroniog: ; 

4. intr. (for ref.) ‘To suffer dilution; to become 
dissolved ; to become attenuated. 

1764 Reip /nguiry vi. § 22 Wks. I. 191/1 The colours of 
the stone and of the cement begin to dilute into one another. 
_ Diluted (di-, dailiztéed), ap/. a. [f. prec. +-Ep.] 
Weakened by the addition of water or other atten- 
uating admixture, watered down; reduced in 
strength, colour, or characteristic quality. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diluted, rinsed 
or washed, 1783 Mason Art of Painting 672 (R.) The 
social circle, the Tinted bowl. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. 
II. 193 Pour diluted nitric acid over sugar. 1837 Bassace 
Bridgew. Treat. vii. 90 A denser central nucleus surrounded 
by a more diluted light, 1847 Emerson Poems, Bacchus 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 469 We buy diluted wine. 2 

Jig. 183% Cartyte Sart. Res. 11. x, Almost like diluted 

ness. 1837 Emerson Addr., Amer. Schol. Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 180 The rough, spontaneous conversation of men they 
[congrmenl do not hear, but oars — and diluted 
speech, Lecxy Ration, (1878) I. 259 A diluted and 
rationalistic Catholicism. : 

Dilu , adv, [f. prec. + -LY2.] Ina di- 
luted or weakened manner or form, 

@ 1846 Worcester cites Aled. Frni. 1870 C. B. Crarke 


366 
in Macm. a. 50/1 An article. .describing the same 


somewhat dil ' 

+ Dilutement. Oés. rare—}.  [f. Dine v. 
+-MENT.] =Duwvrion. 

1807 Soutney Rem. 1, K. White (1819) 1. 12 As if there 
were not of the leaven of disqui in our natures, 
without inoculating it with this dilutement—this vaccine 
virus of envy. 

Dilu'teness. [f. Divurz a.+-ness.] Dilute 
quality ; fluidity ; thinness. 

1668 Witkins Real Char. 1. xii. (R.), What that dilute- 

understand 


ness is which .. is more .. proper to Ft g. I 
not. 1817 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXXXII. 89 His 
style diffuses a sort of milk and water, which is icuous 
from dil » not from P y: mas }, 30 Goon 
Study Med, (ed. 4) 1V. 103 The .. fluid be secreted .. 
merely in a state of morbid diluteness. 
Diluter (di-, dail'#taz). Also-8 -or. [f. Diture 
v.+-ER!.] A person or thing that dilutes; a diluent. 
1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 233 As a Diluter, it is to be 
refer'd. x Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) 1. 39 A 
iluter and Cooler of the Blood. 1746 R. James /utrod. 
Mouffet’s Health's Improv. 22 These Diluters are either 
Water itself, or Decoctions of animal or vegetable Sub- 
stances made with Water. 1863 frnl. R. Agric. Soc. 
XXIV. 11. 633 Chaff is so valuable a diluter of corn. 


may 


Diluting (dil'#tin), vd/. sd. [f. Dinute v. + 
-ING 1] e action of the verb Dinute. (Now 
chiefly gerundial.) 


1665 Hooke Microgr. 58 From the composition and di- 
lutings of these two. 1732 ArsutHNoT Audes of Diet 252 
Mere diluting dissolves and carries off Salts. 

Dilu-ting, 4f/. a. [-1nc *.] That dilutes. 

1 ArsutTunot Axles of Diet 276 Diluting things are 
cooling, as Whey, Water, Milk. 1 W. Bucuan Dom, 
Med. 1799) 159 Drinking plentifully of diluting liquors; as 
water-gruel, or oatmeal-tea, clear whey, barley-water, balm- 
tea, apple-tea, 1863 J. Hannan Kelas. Div.§ Hum. Elem, 
Holy Script. iii. 85 A diluting exposition. c 1865 LetHeny 
in Circ. Sc. 1. 116/1 The diluting gases are marsh gas, 
hydrogen, and carbonic oxide .. important constituents of 
common gas. : : 

Dilution (di-, doil'zfan). [n. of action f. L. 
dilit- ppl. stem of dilucre to Diture: so in 
mod.F., adm. by Acad. 1878.] 

1. The action of diluting; a making thin, fluid, 
or weaker by the admixture of water or other re- 


ey! substance ; watering down. 

1646 Sir T. Browne /seud. Ep. 1. xxi. 161 Water. .serv- 
ing for refrigeration, dilution of solid aliment .. in the 
stomacke. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Dilution .. a washing, 
or clensing, a purging or clearing. 1731 ArsutHnot A/i- 
ments v. (R.), Opposite to dilution is coagulation, or thick- 
ning. 1 Huxtey Physiogr. 106 The activity of the 
oxygen being tempered by dilution with nitrogen. 

g. 3871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 220 The Protestant 
dilution of the theological spirit. 1885 Spurcron 7 reas. 
Dav. Ps. cxxvi. 3 Strange dilution and defilement of Scrip- 
tural language! 

2. Dilute condition. 

1805 W. Saunvers Min. Waters 386 Owing to the state 
of very great dilution in which the earthy salt existed in 
this solution. 1827 Farapvay £2. Kes. No, 41. 226 Equal 
quantities. .in the same state of dilution. bie ie 

3. A thing in a dilute state, that which is diluted. 

1861 Emerson Soc. §& Solit., Old Age Wks. (Bohn) IIL. 
131 Tobacco, coffee, alcohol .. strychnine, are weak dilu- 
tions: the surest poison is time. ~ L. Srernen Hours 
in Library (1892) II. i. 18 A feeble dilution of the most 
wate: kind of popular teaching. 

Dilutionist. [f. prec. + -1st.] In homeo- 
pathy, an advocate of the use of attenuated drugs. 

A dilutionist is said to be ‘ high’ or ‘low’ as he prescribes 
a more or less extreme dilution of medicine. 

1892 J. Evus Jers. Exper. Physician 11 Dr. Gray was 
a low dilutionist .. I called on Dr. Edward Bayard, who 
was a high dilutionist. 

Dilutive (di-, dailiztiv), a. rare. [f. L. ditit- 
ppl. stem of di/ucre to Diture: sce -1VE.] Having 
the property of diluting, tending to dilute. 

1620 Venner Mia Recta viii. 184 They wholly betwixt 
dinner and supper abstaine from drinke, excepting onely 
a Dilutiue draught. 

|| Dilutum (di-, dail'#tim). Afed. [L.;= ‘that 
which is diluted’, neuter pa. pple. of di/udre to 
Ditute.] A dilution; a solution. 

1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey), Dilutum, an Infusion. 1750 
Rutty in PAil. Trans. LI. 472 Galls added to its dilutum 
in distilled water turned it of a deep blue. 1753 N. Tor- 
r1ANO Gangr. Sore Throat 98, 1 then gave him a Dilutum 

Cassia. os Soc. Lex. Dilutum, a liquid in which 
something has been dissolved, : 

+ Dilu‘ve. Oés. [a. OF. déluve, also de-, du-, 
delouve (Littré), ad. L. diluvium: cf. Pr. diluvi, 
dulivi, Sp. and It. diluvio, See Dever, Ditv- 


vium, Dinuvy.] Z 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 765 (Harl.) God dreinte all be 
world at be diluve. [So ete. & Lansd.; 3 MSS. diluge, 
Selden dilivio.) 

Diluvial (dil'#viil), a. [ad. L. diluvial-és of 
a deluge or flood, f. di/uvé-um a washing away of 
the earth, flood (f. di/uére to wash in pieces, dis- 
solve) : see -AL.] 

1. Of or belonging to a deluge or flood, esp, to 
the Flood as recorded in Genesis, 

1656 Buiount Glossogr., Diluvial, of or belonging to the 
Deluge or great Flood. 183: /raser’s Mag. IV, 16x The 
‘ Asiatic style of oratory’ with all its tawdry tinsel .. its 
diluvial verbi 1865 ‘Tytor Harly Hist. Man xi. 322 
The formation of diluvial traditions. 1866 J. B. Rose Virgil 


. a. Applied to the theory which explained 
certain geological by ap 
— luge, or to periods of catastrophic action 
of water. 

1816 Keatince Trav, I. Sy The Giheeiel wash hae wore 


it into deep valle: Relig. Diluv. 2, 
I have felt ayscil folly 2 ustified in appying the pither 


positions by one or more 
over a subsoil which had been dry land. sip Daxwix 
i Me iv. (1873) 76 Modern geology 
bani such views as the excavation of a great valley 
bya single diluvial wave. fe ras 
ot) Dr. Buckland, the originator of the term dilu- 
vium, t a champi vial causes. 
b. Of or pertaining to the di/uvium or drift- 
formation of early geologists ; now generally called 
the Glacial Drift. Dz/uvial clay, the boulder clay. 

(For the connexion of a and b see Dituvium.) 

1823 W. Bucxtann Xelig. Diluv. 38 The diluvial gravel 
both of England and Germany. 1» H. Mutter O. R. 
Sandst. vii. (ed. 2) 142 A deep wooded ravine cut h 
a thick bed of red diluvial clay. D. Wirson Preh. 
Ann. omg 1. i. 27 The closing epoch of Geology, which 
embraces the diluvial formations. 1853 Puiturs Rivers 
Vorksh. 289 Clay, gravel, and sand, with large boulders 


scattered here and there, which were till lately termed 
diluvial deposits. 
u'vialist. [f. prec. +-1st.] Geol. One 


who explains certain geological features by the 
hypothesis of a universal deluge, or of an extra- 
ordinary movement of the waters. 

1838 Penny Cycl. X1. 129/1 The fanciful diluvialists, who 
followed in the wake of Woodward. go Ricuarvson 
Geol. ii. 45 The diluvialist, still retaining his floating ice- 
bergs as the most efficient agents in the transport of drift 
and erratic blocks to regions distant. 1876 Pace Adv. 
Text-bk. Geol. vi. 113 Battles of opinion .. between Cosmo- 
gonists, Diluvialists, and Fossilists. 1887 Athenaeum 31 Dec. 
896/3 Would have delighted the heart of Murchison and 
the older school of diluvialists. 

Diluvian (diliz-vian), a. Also 8-9 de-. [f. 
L. diluvi-um flood + -an: see DituviaL.] Of or 
pertaining to a deluge; esp. of the Noachian 
Flood. 

1655 Evetyn Diary 28 Aug., From the calculation of 
coincidence with the diluvian iod. Wuiston 7h 
#arth u. (1722) 202 The Diluvian matter from two 
Atmosphere contained in it a great quantity of .. stony 
articles. 1703 T. N. City § C. Purchaser Prel. 3 Of the 

Jiluvian Ark, mentioned Gen. 6, 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) 
1. 41 Remains which fossilists distinguish by the title of 
diluvian. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 87 A shock so violent 
and universal as that which aded the = during the 
diluvian revolution. 1823 W. Buckianxn Xelig. Diluv. 
Scattered by the violence of the diluvian waters. 
Lytton S¢r, Story 11, 235 On the surface of uplands undu- 
lating like diluvian billows fixed into stone in the midst of 
their stormy swell. A 7 
.Hence Dilu‘vianism, a theory which attributes 
certain phenomena to a universal deluge. 

1816 G. S. Faser Orig. Pagan Idol. 1. 272 cosmogony 
of a = eng be iT bag i n 
1 nitngy in Encycl. Brit. . Linguistic 
phiblogy hat bean .. crashed". out of Chi’ Goals" eeearae 
tions and wild deductions of earlier times, as truly as 
chemistry out of alchemy, or geolog out of dil 

Dilu'viate, v. Ods. In 6 de-. [ft 1. stem 
of L. diluviare to flood, inundate, 7 
flood.] intr. To flow in a deluge or flood. In 
quot. said of the deluge of the northern barbarians 
which overflowed the Roman Empire, 

Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 1 
inu dean, bane lily aunaloen over all t 

Diluvia‘tion. rare. [n. of action f. prec.] 

The action of a flood, inundation. 


entrionall 
South. 


uvinm 


1816 Keatince 7¥uv. (1817) VIL. 37 The ravines.. havin 
=e 2 he, vu the ‘edlact of atmongberiod 


the appearance of being more 
diluviation. 

Diluvie, var. of Dituvy, Oés. 

Dilu-vion. ? Obs. rare. [ad. L. diluvion-em 
inundation, flood, f. di/uére : see next and cf. AL- 
LUVION.] = Dinvuviem. 

18.. BuckLanp is cited by Worcester 1846. 

| Diluvium (dil'#-vidm). [a. L. diluoium 
flood, inundation, deluge, f. di/uére to wash to 
pieces, wash away, dissolve by water : see DiLuTE.] 
A term applied to superficial deposits which appear 
not to have been formed by the ordinary slow 
operations of water, but to be due to some extra- 
ordinary action on a vast scale; such were at first 
attributed to the Noachian or Universal deluge, 
whence the name ; the chief of these deposits were 
those of the Northern Drift or Boulder formation 
at the close of the Tertiary Period, to which the 
name continued to be a after the theory of 
their origin was given up; it is now generally 
‘applied to all masses apparently the result of 
et E57 (1857) I. 265 The cliffs 

. in Kaine em, (1 ° 
rn oJ white, excepting where they are tarnished by dilu- 


a Te 2 


a a ee 


DILUVY. 


vium falling from the tops of the cliffs. 1823 W. BuckLAND 
Relig. Diluv. 2 The word diluvium..1 apply to those 
extensive and general deposits of superficial loam and 
gravel, which appear to have been produced by the last 

reat convulsion that has affected our planet. 1832 De 1a 
Soo Geol. Max. 183 The old transported gravel, or déz- 
viune of Prof. Buckland. 1839 Murcuison Silur, Syst. 1. 
xxxvii. 509 ‘ Diluvium’ as used by Elie de Beaumont and 
the modern foreign geologists, means precisely what [ term 
drift. 1849 Mrs. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. x. 87 
Strata containing marine diluvia..must have been formed 
at the bottom of the ocean. 1862 J. Taytor in Macm. 
Mag. Sept. 390 Tusks and teeth in a bed of diluvium ., 
immediately incumbent on stratified beds of lias. 1873 
Gemie Gt, Ice Age xxvii. 369 Ancient alluvium or dilu- 
vium overlying moraine-profonde. 1874 LyeLt Students’ 
Geol. xi. (ed. re The term ‘ diluvium’ was for a time the 
popular name of the boulder formation, because it was re- 
ferred by many to the deluge of Noah, while others retained 
the name as expressive of their opinion that a series .of 
diluvial waves raised by hurricanes. .or by earthquakes., 
had swept over the continents, carrying with them vast 
masses of mud and heavy stones. 

+ Diluvy. 0és. Forms: 4-5 deluuy(e, di- 
luuy, 4-6 di-, dyluuye, -ie. [ad. L. di/uvi-um 
deluge ; see prec. and cf. DinuvE.] = DELUGE sé, 

@1325 Prose Psalter x\v{i). 4 Pe deluuy Aes deluub] 
sladep pe hous of heuen, be almy3tful halwed Noe and his. 
1382 Wycuir 2 Pet. ii. 5 Bringynge in the diluuye, or greet 
flood, to the world of vnpitouse men. ¢1393 CHAUCER 
Scogan 14 causist pis deluuye of pestelence. c¢ 1400 
Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxiv. sog Pir three sonnes of Noe after 
be diluuy parted amanges pam all pe erthe. 1546 BaLe 
Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 9 , Suche vnspeakable fylthynesse. . 
os beotghe vpon them the great dyluuye or vnyuersall flod. 


Dilve: see Dittve. 

Dilyte, Dilyuer‘e, obs. ff. Deviant, DeLiver. 

Dim (dim), a. and sd. Forms: 1- dim; also 
3-4 dime, 4 dyme, 4-6 dym, dymme, 5 dimm, 
6 dymbe, 6-7 dimme, 7 dimn, dimb, [OEF. 
dim(m = OF ris. dim, ON. dimm-r. Cf. OHG. 
timbar (MHG., tember, timmer, mod.Swiss. dial. 
zimmer) ‘dim, obscure, dark’, which may represent 
an OTeut. *dzm-ro- and contain the same root. 
Not known outside Teutonic.] 


A. adj. 

1, Of a light, or an illuminated object: Faintly 
luminous, not clear; somewhat dark, obscure, 
shadowy, gloomy. The opposite of drvzght or clear. 

a@ 1000 Cedmon’s Sat. 455 (Gr.) Drihten sealde him dimne 
and deorcne deabes scuwan. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. ii. 11 On 
pis dimme hol. /d7d. xii. 16 Sio dimme niht. c12g0 Ger. 
§ Ex, 286 Euerilc on dat helden wid him, 50 wurden mirc, 
and swart, and dim. 13.. Z. E. Adlit. P. B. 472 Dryf 
ouer bis dymme water, 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Ill. 
467 Whan pe day is dym and clowdy. 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
De P. R. xX. v. (1495) 377 The flamme yeuyth dymme and 
derke lighte. 1508 Fisher Wés. (1876) 68 O dymbe cloude. 
1549 Compl, Scot. vi. 38 Fayr age the lantern of the 
nycht, be cam dym ande pail. 1632 Mitton Penseroso 160 
Storied windows richly dight, Casting a dim religious light. 
1732 Berketey Alciphr. vt. § 31 A light, dimmer indeed, or 
clearer, according to the place. c175§0 SHENSTONE Elegies 
iv. r Through the dim veil of ev’ning’s dusky shade. 1820 
Suettey Witch AtZ, xii. 2 Her beauty made The bright 
world dim. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. ii. 16 The oftener light 
is reflected the dimmer it becomes. 

b. fig. esp. of qualities usually clear or bright. 

a@ 1000 Cxdmon’s Gen, 685(Gr.) Hio speon hine on da dim- 
man ded. ¢1325 Metr. Hom, 111 ‘That .. did awai his 
dedes dim, And mad an hali man of him. c1400 Rom. Rose 
5353 Love is .. whilom dymme, & whilom clere. 1661-98 
Soyrn 12 Serm. III. 287 Man’s..Understanding must now 
be contented with the poor, dimn Light of Faith. 1817-8 
Suettey Kos. § Hel, 692 Public hope grew pale and dim, 
1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 36 The old hopes have 
grown pale, the old fears dim. 

2. Not clear to the sight ; obscured by an inter- 
vening imperfectly transparent medium, by distance, 
or by blurring of the surface; scarcely visible, in- 
distinct, faint ; misty, hazy. 

¢ 1000 Martyrology (E. E. T. S.) 46 Seo byrgen is bewrigen 
mid dimmum stanum ond yfellicum. 1632 SANDERSON Se777. 
436 Dimme and confused and scarce legible. 1651 Hoppers 

eviath, 1. ii. 5 At a great distance of place, that which 
wee look at appears dimme. 1654 Futter Tivo Seri. 58 
Civilized Pagans. .have scowred over the dimme inscription 
of the Mo: Law that it appeared plaine unto them. 1818 
Suettey Lxgan. Hills 19 The dim low line before Of a dark 
and distant shore Still recedes. 1856 SranLey Sinai § Pal. 
i. (1858) 69 One more glimpse of Egypt dim in the distance. 

b. fig. Not clear to the mind or understanding ; 
obscure, faint. 

1350 Leg. Rood (2871) 93 Vnto me es pis mater dym. 
¢1440 Promp, Parv, 121 Dymme, or harde to vndyrstonde, 
misticus. 1587 FLeminc Contu, Holinshed 111. 1965/2 Like 
to be buried in the dimme booke of obliuion. 182r Lame 
Elia Ser. 1. Old §& New Schooim., | have most dim appre- 
hensions of the four great monarchies. 1836 KincsLry 
Lett. (1878) I. 33 There were dim workings of a mighty 
spirit within. 1871 R. Extis Catudlus \xviii. 52 (so) A 
memory dim, 

3. Of colour: Not bright ; dull, faint ; dusky or 
dark ; lustreless. 

a1250 Owl & Night. 577 Thu art dim, an of fule howe. 
1535 Coverv. Lam. iv. 1 O, how is the golde become so 
dymme? 1563 W. Futke Meteors (1640) 36 For the Rayne- 
bow is more dimme, and of purple colour. 16rx SHaks. Wind, 
7. 1v. iy. 119 Violets dim, But sweeter than the lids of Juno’s 
eyes. 1728 Younc Love ame v. (1757) 127 Others, with 
curious arts, dim charms revive. 1887 STEVENSON Under- 
woods 1. iii. 5 All retired and shady spots Where prosper 
dim forget-me-nots, 


867 


4. Not seeing clearly, having the eyesight dulled 


and indistinct. 

a 1220 Bestiary 60 Siden his flizt is al unstrong, and his 
ejen dimme. a@1300 Cursor M. 3570 (Cott.) pe freli fax 
[biginnes] to fal of him, And pe sight to wax well dim, 
¢ 1422 Hoccieve Learn to Die 228 Myn yen been al dymme 
and dirke. CoverDALe Eccé. xii. 2 The sight of the 
wyndowes shal waxe dymme. 1577 Zest. 12 Patriarchs 
(1604) 17 Jacob..somewhat dim for age. 1636 MassincEeR 
Gt, Dk. Florence m. i, I am dim, sir; But he’s sharp- 
sighted. 1766 Forpyce Serm. Vng. Wom. (1767) IL. vili. 
8 Unheeded by the dim inattentive eye. 1842 TENNYSON 
Two Voices 151 Whose eyes are dim with glorious tears. 

b. fig. Not clearly apprehending; dull of ap- 
prehension. 

a 1729 J. RoGers Serm. (J.), The understanding is dim, 
and cannot by its natural light discover spiritual truth. 
1731 Fiecpinc Grub Str. Op. Introd., Men’s sense is dimmer 
than their eyes. 1878 B, T'ayvtor Deukalion 1. iv. 33 Teach 
your dim desire A form whereby to know itself and seek. 

5. transf. Of sound, and esp. of the voice: In- 
distinct, faint. 

1386 Cuaucer Axt.’s 7. 1575 He herde a murmurynge 
Ful lowe and dym. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxi, 
(1495) 128 They that haue grete tongues haue dymme voyce. 
c14so St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3672 His speche was bathe 
short and dym. 1795 SoutHEy lis. Maid of Orleans 1. 
124 The damp ean gave A dim sound as they pass’d. 
1817 SHELLEY Marianne’s Dream 40 She then did hear 
The sound as of a dim low clanging. 

B. sé. Dimness; obscurity; dusk. 

cx400 Destr. Troy 755 The day vp droghe & the dym 
voidet. ¢1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 53 He liztnep his folk 
in dym. 1509 Parl. Deuylles xciii, Quod Symeon, ‘he 
ees his folke in dym Where as derkenes shedeth 
theyr states’. 1857 HEAvysEGE Sazd (1869) 87 ‘lo sit were 
pleasant, in the dim. 

b. Dimness of vision. 

1726 Law Chr. Perfect. i. 30 Further than the Dim of 
Eyes of Flesh can carry our Views. 

+ C. adv. Dimly, faintly, indistinctly. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 293 He herde a vois, which cried 
dimme. 1821 SHELLEY Adonazs liv, That Light..Which.. 
Burns bright or dim, as each are mirrors of ‘The fire. 

D. Comb. a. adverbial, as dém-brooding, -col- 
oured, -discovered, -gleaming, -grey, -lighted, -lit 
(-litten), -remembered, -seen, -yellow, etc. b. para~ 
synthetic, as dzm-browed, -eyed, -lettered, -sheeted, 
DIM-SIGHTED. 

1837 CarLyLe 7”. Rev. I, 1v. iv. 166 The whole Future is 
there, and Destiny “dim-brooding. 1776 Micke tr. Ca- 
moens’ Lusiad 43 And night, ascending from the *dim- 
brow’d east. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xvii. 79 Pai er mare 
*dymme coloured pan pe cristall. 1746 Cottins Ode to 
Evening x, Hamlets brown, and *dim-discover'd spires. 
1627-47 FeLttHaM Resolves 1. xcvi. 302 The ghessive inter- 

retations of *dim-ey’d man. 1829 CaRLYLE Misc. (1857) 

. 273 The public is a dim-eyed animal. 1840 CLouGcH 
Early Poems v. 11 Through the *dim-lit inter-space. 1870 
Morris Earthly Par. 11, 11. g After the weary tossing of 
the night And close *dim-litten chamber. 1827 Moir Dead 
Eagle ii, Down, whirling .. to the *dim-seen plain. 1859 
Tennyson £xzd 600 Fair head in the *dim-yellow light. 

Dim, v. [f. Dit a.: OF. had the compounds 
adimmian, fordimmian, ON. the intr. dima to 
become dim; the simple vb. is found from 13th c.] 

1. intr. To grow or become dim; to lose bright- 
ness or clearness. /2¢. and fig. 

@ 1300 Christ on Cross7 in E. E. P. (1862) 20 His fair lere 
falowip and dimmib is sizte. @ 1300 Cursor 1. 23695 (Cott.), 
Mani flurs..pat neuermar sal dime ne duine. c 1400 Dest”. 
Troy 9932 The day ouerdrogh, dymmet the skewis. 1607 
Brewer Lingua i. viii, Suddenly mine eyes began to dim. 
?exr71o 29E. Warp Welsh-monster 28 My Lady’s Beauty, 
tho’ divine, Would dim, without the Muses shine. 1814 
Byron Lara. xii, The lone light Dimm’d in the lamp. 
1871 B. Tayitor Faust (1875) Il. 1v. ii, 250 The near 
horizon dims. 

2. trans. To make dim, obscure, or dull; to 
render less clear, or distinct ; to becloud (the eyes). 

[c888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xxiv. § 4 Deah heora mod .. sie 
adimmad.] a1300 /. £. Psalter \xviii. 24 Dimmed be pair 
eghen, pat pai ne se. c1400 Song Roland 580 Dew diskid 
adoun and dymmyd the floures. c1440 Promp, Parv. 121 
Dymmyn, or make dymme, odscuvo. 1530 PAtsGR. 516/3, 
I dymme the coloure or beautye of a thyng. .Se howe these 
torches have dymmed this gylting. 1592 Davies /smort. 
Soul xxxt, viii. (1714) 109 As Lightning, or the Sut-beams 
dim the Sight. 175r Jounson Rambler No. 184 P1 The 
writer of essays .. seldom .. dims his eyes with the perusal 
of antiquated volumes. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 1. 
202 The light streamed through windows dimmed with 
armorial bearings. 1836 Lanpor Pericles § Asp. LI. 393 The 
mirror is too close to our eyes, and our own breath dims it. 


. J. 

1 Pilger. Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 35b, It dymmeth or 
maketh derke theyr lytell holynesse. _1659 B. Harris Pavi- 
val's Iron Age 109 Forced the Conquerours to retreat, and 
in some sort, dimmed their Triumph. 1840 Kincs.ey Let? 
(1878) I. 49 My natural feelings of the just and the beautiful 
have been dimmed by neglect. 1851 D. G. Mitcnett Fresh 
Glean. 275 Its quaint houses .. are dimmed to memory by 
the fresher recollections of that beautiful river. 

+ Dim. Oés. Abbreviation of L. d/médium half. 

1477 Churchw. Acc. Croscombe (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 6 Hath 
in his hands of the Cherche lede one ewt, dim, iiij lb. 1634- 
Brereton 7'rav. (1844) 22 Adorned with stones a yard an 
dim. high. /é/d,180 A vault or gallery about one yd, or one 
yd. and dim, wide. 

Dim., dimin. (J/us.), abbrev. of DIMINUENDO. 

Dim, obs. form of DEE 2, 

e’sic, a. Chem.: see Di-2 2d. 
1876 Hartey Mat, Med, 66 Dimagnesic pyro-phosphate. 


DIME. 


eo (daimegnétait). Mn. [f. Di-2 
twice + MaGnetirE.] A mineral consisting mainly 
of ferroso-ferric oxide, occurring in rhombic prisms, 
regarded by Dana as a pseudomorph of magnetite 
after lievrite (Watts). 

1852 A mer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. u. XIII. 392 Dimagnetite. 1868 
Dana Min, (1880) 151 Dimagnetite of Shepard..appears to 
be a magnetite pseudomorph. 

+ Dima‘ne, v. Ovs. Also 6 dimaine, -mayne. 
[ad. L. dimanda-re to flow different ways, spread 
abroad, f. dz-, dés- apart + manare to flow.] intr. 
To flow forth from ; to spring, originate, or derive 
its origin from. 

1610 W. FotKxincHam Art of Survey Ep. Ded. 1 Merits 
dimayning from the sacred Source of true Nobility.  /dzd. 
1. vi. 12 Springs dimayning from thicke sand. . gather mudde. 
1642 W. Batt Caveat for Subjects 8 Motion and Feeling di- 
mane from the Braine. 1657 Hawke Ailing is M. 10 By 
the Right of Warre, and by the consent of the people, which 
two Titles dimane also from the Divine providence. 

Dima‘nganous, a. Chem. See Di-2 2d. 

1881 Watts Dict. Chem. 3rd Suppl. 1. 1600 An anhydrous 
dimanganous phosphate, Mnz (PO; H)2. : 

Dimaris (dimaris). Zogic. The mnemonic 
term designating the third mood of the fourth 
figure of syllogisms, in which the major premiss 
is a particular affirmative (2), the minor a universal 
affirmative (a), and the conclusion a particular 
affirmative (2). Formerly called drzmatis, dimatis. 

The initial @ indicates that the mood can be reduced to 
Darii by () transposition of the premisses, and (s) simple 
conversion of the conclusion. 

1827 WuateEty Logic ii. 111. § 4, 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 
200, 1891 WELTON Logic I. 1. iil. § 137. 403 Disnaris, An 
example is ‘Some parallelograms are squares; all squares 
are regular figures; therefore, some regular figures are 
parallelograms’. ; ara 

Bimastigate (doime:stigét), 2. Zool. [f. Di-* 
twice + Gr. paotry-(uaorrg) whip +-ATE* 2: cf. L. 
mastigatus whipped.] Having two flagella; bi- 
flagellate; applied to those flagellate Infusoria 
(Dimastiga) which have two flagella. 

Dimatis, earlier form of Dimaris. 


Di'mber, «. Rogues’ Cant. Pretty. 

1671 R. Heap Eng. Nogue 1. v. (1874) 48 (Farmer), 1692 
Cores, Dimber (canting) pretty. ax17z00 B. E. Dict. Cant. 
Crew, Dimber, pretty. Dim{éer]-mort, a pretty Wench, 
1837 Disragut Venetia 1. xiv., ‘’Tis a dimber cove’, 
whispered one of the younger men toa companion. /é/d. 
Tip me the clank like a dimber mort. : ; 

Hence Dimber-damber, a captain of thieves or 
vagrants. 

1671 R. Heap Eng. Rogue t. v. (1874) 48 (Farmer). 1834 
H. Arnswortu Rookwood un. v. (Farmer), Dick Turpin must 
be one of us. He shall be our Dimber Damber. 1890 Dazly 
News 1 Feb. 4/7. ; 

Bimble (dimb’l). Ods. exc. dial. [Of un- 
certain origin, possibly a deriy. or comb. of Dim, 
gloom or obscurity being a usual attribute ; con- 
nexion with D1nG_e is also possible. The midland 
districts (e. g. Leicester, Derby, Warwick, Shropsh.) 
retain the word, usually in the form duméble, occa 
sionally druméb/le.] 

A deep and shady dell or hollow, a dingle. 

1589 R. Ropinson Gold. Mirr.(Chetham Soc.) 5 Eccho .. 
That liues in woodes, And rocky ragged tours, and Dales 
with Dymbles deep. 1612 Drayton Poly-old. ii. 27 Satyres 
that in shades and gloomy dimbles dwell. 1622 /é2¢. xxviii. 
(748) 378 Dimbles hid from day. 1637 B. Jonson Sad 
Sheph. i. vii, Within a gloomy dimble, she doth dwell 
Downe in a pitt, ore-growne with brakes and briars. 1879 
Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Dumblehole; also 
Drumble, a rough wooded dip in the ground; a dingle. 
1881 Leicester Gloss., Dimble, a dingle, dell. 

Dime (daim), sd. Forms: 4-5 dyme, (5 des- 
(s)ime, dyeme), 5-6 dysme, 5-9 disme, 6 dism, 
desme, deeme, deme, 6-9 dime. [a. OF. d/sme, 
dime :—L. decima tithe, tenth part, fem. of dece- 
mus tenth.] 

+1. A tenth part, a tithe paid to the church or to 
a temporal ruler. Ods. or //ist. 

1377 Lane. P. Pd. B. xv. 526 Take her landes, 3e lordes, 
and let hem lyue by dymes. c1380 Wyciir Ws, (1880) 418 
Pat parizschens shulden drawe fro persouns offeringis & 
dymes. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 412 His purvyours toke, 
withoute preiere at a parliament, a poundage.. and a fif- 
teneth and a dyme eke. 1460 Fortescur Ads. & Lin, 
Mon, xii. (1885) 139 Owre commons .. give to thair kynge, 
at somme tymes quinsimes and dessimes (MS. Digby 145 
dismes.] 1494 Fasyan Chron. v1. cxlviii. 134 That he myght 
leuy certayne dymys to wage therwith souldyours. 1502 
Ord, Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) u. xvii. 131 He fasted, 
he payed the demes, he gaue almesse. 1563-87 Foxe A. & M/. 
(1684) I. 7999/2 The Cardinal sued a Pardon from Rome, to be 
freed from all Disms, due to the King by the Church of 
Winchester. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 4a Now Sylla 
consecrating the dismes of all his goods unto Hercules [etc.]. 
a 1618 RateicH Rem. 50 In his forty ninth year he had a 
disme and a fifteenth granted him freely. 1659 Howett 
Lexicon ¥r, Prov. 27 From all tymes it was ordained to pa 
dimes or tithes unto the Lord. 1884 L. OxrpHant Haifa 
(1887) 133 ‘The dime .. has heretofore been the share of the 
government. : . 

b. fig. A ‘tithe’ of war, a tenth man sacrificed. 

1606 Suaks. 77. § Cv. 11. ii. 19 Euery tythe soule ’mongst 
many thousand dismes, Hath bin as deere as Helen. 

2. A silver coin of the United States of America, 
of the value of 10 cents, or 75 of a dollar, 


DIME. 


1786 Ord. Continent. Congress U.S. 8 Aug., Mills, Cents, 
Diees, aioe. 1809 Kenvatt 77az. 1. svi, — Dimes 
or tenth parts are mentioned by writers, but never enter into 


accounts, 82x ‘I’. Jerrerson Autobiog. Writ. 1892 1. 75 
The division into dimes, cents and mills is now. .well under- 


stood. 1872 0.W. Hotmes Poet Break/.-t. xii. (1885) 320 Not 
bad, my ain! Price one dime. 1893 Boston (Mass) 
Frnl. 1 Apr. 6/3 The so-called middle-c .. the people 
who are accustomed to count their nickels and dimes as 
well as their dollars. - 

b. attrib. Costing a dime; as in dime novel, 
ee especially to a cheap sensational novel : 
cf. Penny dreadful, shilling shocker. 

1879 H. GeorGe Progr. §& Pov. x. ii. (1881) 443 The boy 
who reads dime novels wants to be a pirate. tebe Century 
Mag. XXV. 212/1 You are as bad as a dime novel. 1892 
Daily News be ar. 2/5 ‘The nuisance of ‘dime shows’ as 
they are called in America. 

e, v. Obs. rare. Also 5 dyme, 7 disme. 
[a. F. dime-r, OF. dismer, diesmer=Pr. desmar, 
Sp. dezmar, Pg. dezimar, It. decimare:—L. deci- 
mare to take a tithe, (later) to pay tithes, f. decima: 
see prec.] trans. a. To take a tenth part of, to 
tithe. b. To divide into tenths. 

1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 64b/2 He shall taske and dyme 
your corn and sheues. 1620 W. FoLkinGuaM Art of Survey 
i, iv. 52 Disme or deuide each foote of the Rule. .into deci- 
mals or Tenths, _ ; 

Hence + Ditmable (in 5 dym(e able) a., tithable. 

1489 ?/umpton Corr. 61 It is not the Kyngs mynd to ses 
veuyeearts land, and we have no suit land, but it is dym- 
able, 

Dime, obs. form of Dis a. and v. 

Dimediate, obs. form of Dimmr1aTe. 

+ Dime‘nse, s/. Obs [ad. med.L. dimens-um 
q.v. below.] A space measured out, an extent. 

1632 Lirucow 7'raz. x. 426 Having compassed all Europe, 
our Resolution, was to borrow a larger dimmense [1682 di- 
mense] of ground in Affricke. 

+Dime‘nse, 7. O/s. [f. L. dimens- ppl. stem 
of dimetiri to measure out, f. d7-, dis- (Dis- 1) + 
metiri to measure.) ¢rans. To measure out, 

a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 217 It sufficeth 
some, to have things delivered unto them in a generality, 
which others must have dimensed out unto them .. peece 
after peece. : : 

Dimension (dime‘nfan), 5. Also 5-6 dy-, 
-sioun, -cion, -cyon, 6-7 dimention, 7 demen- 
sion, -tion. [a. F. dimension (1425 in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad. L. dimenston-em, n. of action from 
dimetirt (ppl. stem d7mens-: sce prec.] 

1. The action of measuring, measurement. Oés. 

1555 Even Decades 243 Accordynge to the ordinarie ac- 
coumpte and dimension which the pylotes and cosmo- 
graphers doo make. 1 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 80 
Things infinite, I see, Brooke no dimension. 1656 STANLEY 
Hist, Philos, (1701) 183/2 If a Man pursue it [geometry] not 
only for Mechanical Dimension, but that he may by the 
help thereof ascend [etc]. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 97 
‘Taking such dimensions as would enable me to make an 
accurate model. .of the rock. 

+b. Aus. The division of a longer note into 
shorter notes, constituting ‘time’ or rhythm; //. 
‘measures’, measured strains. Ods. 

1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 13 PAi. What call they time? 
Ma, ‘The dimension of the Breefe by semibreeues. 16 
Bratuwatir Arcad. 7’r. 1,165 Harmonious reports in these 
Musicall dimensions. 

2. Measurable or spatial extent of any Kind, 
as length, breadth, thickness, area, volume; mea- 
surement, measure, magnitude, size. (Now com- 
monly in plural: cf. proportions.) Also fig. Mag- 
nitude, extent, degree (of an abstract thing). 

1529 More Dyaloge uu. Wks. 188/1 Though thei be not 
cyrcumscribed in place, for lack of bodily Spmencios and 
measuring, yet are .. angels .. diffinitively so placed where 
thei be for the time. 1 Davies Orchestra xcv, Whose 
quick eyes doe explore ‘The just dimension both of earth 
and heaven, 1615 J. Srernens Satyr. /ss, 292 Confounding 
(like a bad Logician) the forme and the dimention. 165 
Hosses Leviath, 11. xxxiv. 208 Whatsoever has dimension, 
is Body. 1660 Barrow £uclid 1. xxxv. Schol., The dimen- 
sion of any Parallelogram is found out by this Theorem. 
1663 Gerster Connse/ 6 He will never rightly describe the 
di ions of solid Bodies. .his Circles will seem Ovals in 
Breadth, and his Ovals Circles. 1667 Mivron P. 1. 1. 
893 A dark Iilimitable Ocean without bound, Without 
dimension, where length, breadth, and highth, And time 
and place are lost. a1745 Swirr (J.), My gentleman was 
measuring my walls, and taking the dimensions of the room. 
1756 Burke Sudl. §& Bu. vii, Greatness of dimension is a 
powerful cause of the sublime. 1772 Hist. Rochester 44 
All the beams .. ought to be of large dimensions. 1847 
Emerson Kepr. Alen, Shaks, Wks. (Bohn) 1. ‘That 
imagination which dilates the closet he writes in to the 
world’s dimension. Law Times XCV. 104/2 Posts of 
the dimensions of 3 in. by 24 in. : 
Jig. 1660 Hickerincit, Jamaica (1661) 51 The Expedi- 
tion against Hispaniola; .. ‘The Dimensions of this great 
Preparati male: ding the difficulties. 1676 Harr 
Contempl. 1. 106 ‘The Afflictions of his Soul .. were of a 
higher Dimension in the Garden. 1889 Padi A/ail G. 17 Oct. 
2/3 That passion for athletics which in ford has now 
| reached the di ions of a mania. 

+ b. ¢ransf. Extension in time, duration. 

1605 Br. Anprewes Serm. I. 170 The cross ,. is mors 
ey a death of dimensions, a death long in dying. 1677 

ALE Prim. Orig. Man. Ww. il. We have no reason to 
imagin that the sixth day was of any other dimension than 
the seventh day. 

3. Math, a. Geom, A mode of linear measure- 


° 
368 


ment, magnitude, or in a particular 
direction ; usually as co-existing with similar mea- 
surements or extensions in other directions. 

The three dimensions of a body, or of ordinary space, are 
length, breadth, and thickness ae ); a surface has 
only two dimensions (length and ith); a line only one 
(length). Here the notion of measurement or magnitude 
is commonly lost, and the word d merely a particul: 
mode of spatial extension. Modern mathemati have 
——— as to the possibility of more than three dimen- 
sions ‘ 


1413 Pilgr. Sowdle (Caxton 1483) v. xiv. 107 Ther is no body 
parfit wit thre dy i that is breede, lengthe, 
and depnesse. ¢ 1430 Art of Nombryng (E.E.T.S.) 14 Alyne 
hathe but one dymensioun that is to sey after the lengthe.. 
a superficialle t) hynge hathe .2. dimensions, pat is to sey 
lengthe and brede. 1570 Butincstey Euclid 1. def. ii. x 
There pertaine to quantitie three dimensions, len; bredth, 
andthicknes. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Ded. u. ii. 14 These 
two Dimensions are length and breadth, whereof eue: 
plaine figure consists. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 100 All 
pbysee magnitude must have three dimensions, length, 

readth, and thickness. 1858 WHewe tt Hist. Sci. Ideas 11. 
viii. §§ 4-5 (L.) Time is conceived as a quantity of one 
dimension. . Indeed the analogy between time, and space of 
one dimension, is so close, that the same terms are applied 
to both ideas. /é7d. vi. The eye. .sees length and breadth, 
but no third dimension. In order to know that there are 
solids, we must infer as well as see. 1873 CLirrorp Pure 
Sciences in Contemp. Rev. Oct. (1874) 716 Out of space of 
two dimensions, as we call it, I have made space of three 
dimensions. 1878 Stewart & Tait Unseen Univ. vii. § 220. 
221 Suppose our (essentially three-dimensional) matter to be 
the mere skin or boundary of an Unseen whose matter has 
four dimensions. 

b. Alg. Since the product of two, or of three, 
quantities, each denoting a length (i.e. a magnitude 
of one dimension), represents an area or a volume 
(i.e. a magnitude of two, or of three, dimensions), 
such products themselves are said to be of so many 
dimensions ; and generally, the number of dimen- 
sions of a product is the number of the (unknown 
or variable) quantities contained in it as factors 
(known or constant quantities being reckoned of no 
dimensions) ; any power of a quantity being of the 
dimensions denoted by its index. (Thus .°, xy, 
ayz are each of three dimensions.) The dimensions 
of an expression or equation are those of the term 
of highest dimensions in it. (The number of di- 
mensions corresponds to the degree of a quantity or 
equation: see DEGREE sé. 13.) 

1557 Recorpve Whetst. Hij, The nomber that doeth 
amounte thereof (3 x 3 X 3) hath gotten 3. dimensiones, whiche 

roperly belongeth to a ie, or sound forme. And ther- 
fore is it called a Cube, or Cubike nomber. 1690 LeysourN 
Curs. Math, 334 Every Power hath so many Dimensions as 
the Letters wherewith it is written. 1 W. Jones Syn. 
Palmar, Mathescos 40 The Quantity produc'd by the Mul- 
tiplication of ‘I'wo, Three, etc. Quantities, is said to be of 
Two, Three, etc. Dimensions. 1806 Hutton Course Math. 
I. 190 To find the Greatest Common Measure of the Terms 
of a Fraction... Range the quantities according to the dimen- 
sions of some letters. ¢ 1865 in Circ. Sc. 1. 476/1 When the 
.. equations are .. of two dimensions. : 

+4. Measurable form or frame; //. material parts, 
as of the human body ; ‘proportions *. Ods. 

1596 Suaks. Merch. V. m1. i. 62 Hath not a lew hands, 
organs, dementions, sences, affections, passions? 1601 — 
Twel. N.1. v. 280, 1..know him noble.. And in dimension, 
and the shape of nature, A gracious person. 1605 — Lear 
1. ii. 7 My dimensions are as well compact, My minde 
as generous, and my hogy 93 as true. 1634 W. Woop New 
Eng. Prosp. 1. viii, The Humbird is .. no bigger than a 
Hornet, yet hath all the dimensions of a Bird, as bill, and 
wings, with quills, spider-like legges, small clawes. 1667 
Micton ?. £1. 793 In thir own d ions like th Ives 
The great Seraphic Lords and Cherubim In close recess 
and secret conclave sat. : 

Wie. 1653 A. WiLson Yas. / 162 The Younger having all the 
imensions of a Courtier. 1660 WArernouse Arms § Arm, 
28 Nations, whose polity had all the dimensions of order in it. 

5. Comb., as dimension-lumber, -timber, 
-stone, i.e. that which is cut to specified dimen- 
sions or size; dimension-work, masonry built of 
‘dimension-stones’, (Chiefly U.S.) 

1864 ‘THoreau Cafe Cod vii. (1894) 156 Houses built of 
what is called ‘dimension timber’, imported from Maine, all 
ready to be set up. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., Dimension 
Lumber, lumber sawed to ific sizes to hi 

v. rare. [f. prec. sb.) é¢rans. 
To measure or space out; to reduce to measure- 
ment. 

1754 H. Watrore Le@t. I. 335 (D.), I propose to break and 


enliven it by compartments in colours, according to the en- 
closed sketch, which you must adjust and dimension. 


Dime'nsionable, @. xonce-wd. [f. prec. + 
-ABLE: cf. companionable] Capable of being 
measured ; having dimensions. 

1884 E. A. Annott Flatland u. xix. 87 Some yet more 
spacious Space, some more di ionable Di lity. 

Dimensional (dime'nfonal), a. [f. Diwension 
sb, + -AL.] 

1. Of or pertaining to dimension or magnitude. 

1816 Keatince 7vav, (1817) 1. 66 note, About the same 
relative situation and di i proportion, 1888 J. T. 
Guuick in Linn, Soc. Frnd. XX. 234 If structural or dimen- 


sional ch are not cor 
2. Geom. Of or relating to (a specified number 
of) dimensions ; see DIMENSION 3 a. 

1875 Cayiey in Phil. Trans. CLXV. 675 Coordinates of 


DIMENSURATION. 


point in (s+1)-dii . 1880 A. Oct. 
aa mee me po Academy ¥ . 
tetrahedroids. ae ean Unipl. Ki - 116 The 
general, or three dimensional, motion of a rigid body. 1883 
American Vil. 75 We can, I think, conceive of space as 
being two or even one dimensional 


Hence Dimensiona‘lity, the condition of havi 
of) dimensions ; dimensi 


quality. 

1875 Caytey in Phil. Trans. CLXV. 675 The notion of 
density is d dent on the di ionality of the el 
of volume d a. E. A. Assotr Flatland u. xxii. 101 


A race of rebels who 1 refuse to be confined to limited 


Dimensionality. 

+ Dimensionate, v. Ods. rare. [f. L. dimen- 
sion-em DIMENSION +-ATE% 7.] trans. To give or 
lay down the dimensions of. 


14.. Harl. MS, 2261 Mf. 217 b, In whiche bookes he 
dimencionate the worlde clerely with his contentes. 


(dime‘nfand), pi. a. t Dr- 
MENSION + -ED2.] +a. Having material ‘ dimen- 
sion’ or extension (cf. DrmEnsion 56. 2, 4). Obs. 
b. Having a particular dimension or measurement. 
ce. Geom, Having (a specified number of) dimen- 
sions: see DIMENSION 5. 3a. * 


ang Terais Supper of Lord in More's Answ. Poysoned 
Bk, Wks. (1557) 1092/1 Inuisible wyth al hys dymencioned 


| body vnder the forme of breade transubstanciated into it. 


| duced in this singly dimensioned 


1725 Pore Odyss. xix. 276 A mantle purple-tinged, and 

ay A vest, Dostana equal to his A i 1882 Procror 

Fam, Science Stud. 15 While a line could be infinitely pro- 

i world, the world itself - 

would be finite. 1884 E. A. Assotr //atland 86 Look down 

-. upon this land of Three Dimensions, and see the inside 
of every three-dimensioned 

a. [f. as prec. + -LESS.) 
1. a. Without dimension or physical extension. 
b. Of no (appreciable) magnitude ; extremely mi- 


| nute. ¢. Without dimensions: see DIMENSION 3 a. 


| starrs in sky We know 


1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1. 17 To Heav'n thir spss Flew up 

..in they pass’d Dimentionless through Heav'nly dores. 
1752 Warsurton Was. (1811) IX. ii. 34 As the Earth is but a 
point compared to the orb of Saturn, so the orb of Saturn 
itself grows di ionless when compared to that vast extent 
of space which the stellar-solar Systems possess. 1825 
Coeripce Aids rik of App. C. (1858) I. 304 If we assume 
the time as excluded, the line vanishes, and we leave space 
dimensionless. 1890 J. H. Stirtinc Gifford Lect. viii. 150 
With our scales and weights .. measuring-rods, we do 
but deceive ourselves: what is, is dimensionless: the truth is 
not in time; space is all too short for a ladder to the Throne. 

2. Measureless, immense, boundless, vast. 

1813 Hoca in New Monthly Mag. (1836) XLVI. 446 Here, 
in these almost dimensionless regions, nature is seen on a 
large scale. a1839 Gatt Demon of Destiny mu. (1840) 28 
As if man were not but an atom thing In the dimensionless, 
the Universe. — 

+ Dimensious, a. Ods. rare—'. Also -tious. 
[f. Dimension: see -10us. Cf. pretentious, reli- 
gious, suspicious.) Waving (great) dimension or 
magnitude ; spacious, extensive. 

1632 Litucow 7rav. x. 507 The generall computation of 

to 


which di S| is {etc.}. 
. Obs. rare—". [f. 


+ Dime'nsi L. dimens-us, 
after 7mmenstty.| Dimension, py ey 
c1645 Howerit Left. (1655) IV. xliv, If of the smallest 
not the dimensity. 
‘ve (dime‘nsiv), a. Now rare or Obs. 
[f. L. dimens- ppl. stem (see DIMENSE 7.) +-IVB.] 
+1. Having, or related to, physical dimension or 
extension in space. Ods. 


x. 434 When the q q are 
togither. 1694 R. Burrnocce Reason 106 Matter is .. the 
fret eublect of di ive spacious Quantity. ; 
+2. Serving to measure or trace out the dimen- 
sions of something. ? Obs. 
1592 Davies /memort. Soul ww. vi. (714) 35 All Bodies have 
oak meen and their 


But who can draw the Soul's 
dimensive Lines? 1610 
Peace 


istrio-m. 1. 43 The very state of 
shall seeme to shine In every re or dimensive 


lyne. 

8. Of or belonging to dimension or magnitude ; 
dimensional. rare. 

1845 Srocqueter Handbk. Brit. India (854) 129 A few 
of the streets in the town are of great dimensions ; 
.. the Chowringhee . -i8 nearly two miles long, and in 
average width not less than eighty feet. . The Dhurrumtollah 
is nearly equal, in dimensive this. 

Hence + Dime‘nsively adv., + Dime'nsiveness. 

1601 Deacon & Wacker Spirits § Divels 55 Neither spirites 
nor_di (they being no corporal sub hed out 
a ees eee = to be in a place com- 

lie, or di rem! A 
, and dimensi angelicall 


|| Dimensum. Oés. 


B. onson New Jun ut. i, You are to blame to use 


the poor b Christians So cruelly, defraud ‘em of their 
dimensut a Youre the colonel’s horse .. the devil a 
He has since he came i ! Licutroor Glean. 
26 The of their diet in the Wildernesse. 


+Dimensura‘tion. és. [n. of action f. L. 
type *dimensiirare, f. di- + mensirare to measure, 
after dimetiri, dimensus, f. dé- + metiri, mensus to 
measure.] Measuring out or off, measurement, _ 


DIMERAN 


1593 Norven Sfec. Brit., M’sex. Prepar. 15 Such an ex- 
pected geographicall description. .doeth require dimensura- 
tion betweene euery station. 1677 PLor Ox/ordsh, To Radr. 
B ij, As true as actual dimensuration .. could direct me to 
put them. 

So +Dime‘nsurable a., capable of being mea- 
sured; + Dime‘nsurated ///. a., measured ; + Di- 
me‘nsurator, an instrument for taking measure- 
ments. (All ods. and rare.) 

1660 Stantey Hist. Philos.(1701) 1 The point by fluxion 
makes a Line, the Line ..a adh oa the Ce petlicies Bre 
Body, three ways dimensurable. 1675 OciLsy Brit. Pref. 3 
Dimensurators or Measuring Instruments. /d/d. (1698) 1 
Shewing the dimensurated miles and furlongs answerably. 

Dimeran (di‘mérin). Zyiom. [f mod.L. ai- 
mera, neuter pl. of dimers (see DIMEROUS) + -AN.] 
A member of the division Dzmera of hemipterous 
insects, having the tarsi two-jointed. 

1847 in Craic. 

Dime'rcur-, -me'reuro-, -me’reury. Chem. 
[Dr-2 2.] Used in comb. and attrib. to express 
the presence of two equivalents of mercury. 

Thus dimercurammo nium Hg: Hy. Ne, an ammoniacal 
mercury base in which half the hydrogen in ammonium is 
replaced’ by two atoms of divalent mercury. 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 347 A brown precipitate .. 
consisting of dimercurammonium iodide. 1881 Nature 
XXIV. 467 Dimercury methylene iodide CH»y (Hg I)2 is 
obtained by exposing methylene iodide with an excess of 
mercury to the action of light. 

Dimerism (di‘mériz’m).  [f. mod.L. démer-us 
+ -1sM.] Dimerous condition or constitution ; in 
Bot, the arrangement of floral organs two in a 
whorl : see next. 

Dimerous (di-méras), a. [f. mod.L. démer-us 
(F. démére), f. Gr. Ecpepns bipartite (f. &- twice + 
Hépos part) + -ouS.] Consisting of two parts or 
divisions: spec. a. LEntom. Having two joints: 
applied to the tarsus of an insect. b. Bot. Of a 
flower: Having two divisions or members in each 
whorl. (Often written 2-merous.) Of a leaf: 
Consisting of two leaflets (vave). 

1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. x\vii. (1828) IV. 387 Tarsi 
mostly trimerous, rarely dimerous. 1845 LinpLey Sch. Bot, 
viii. (1858) 129 Flowers dimerous. 1869 Sfdent II. 12 Poly- 
merous leaves may be dimerous, trimerous, etc. according to 
their number of meriphylls. 1872 Otiver Elem, Bot. 11. 174 
Observe the dimerous symmetry of Enchanter’s Nightshade 
(Circea), the parts of the flower being in twos. 1882 VINES 
Sachs’ Bot. 646 True tetramerous flowers are allied .. to 
those with dimerous whorls, 

Dimetallic, a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2d: cf. dz- 
acid, dibasic.) Containing two equivalents of a 
metal. 

1861 Optinc Manual of Chem. 1. 338 We have mono- 
metallic, dimetallic and trimetallic compounds, represented 
respectively by the formula MH»2:AsO,, M2HAsOx,, and 
MgAsO,4. Of dimetallic or neutral, and trimetallic or basic 
arsenates, those of the alkali-metals are alone soluble in 


water. 

Dimeter (di:méta1). Prosody. [a. L. dimetrus 
sb., dimeter, -metrus adj., a. Gr. diperpos of two 
measures, f, 5- twice + mérpov measure.] A verse 
consisting of two measures, i.e. either two feet or 
four feet. 

1589 Purrenuam Eng. Poesie u.(Arb.) 143 In the dimeter, 
made of two sillables entier. @xtréame désire. 1625 B. 
Jonson Staple of N. 1v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 399/1 When he comes 
forth With dimeters, and trimeters, tetrameters, Penta- 
meters, hexameters, catalectics .. What is all this, but cant- 
ing? 1 ‘Tyrwuitt Zss. Lang. & Versif. Chaucer 1. 
§7 in ucer’'s Wks., ‘The Octosyllable Metre .. was in 
reality the antient Dimeter Iambic. 1837-39 Hattam Hist. 
Lit. T8497) L - The line of eight syllables, or dimeter 
iambic. 1882 Goopwin Gk. Gram. 317 In most kinds of 
} sag a monometer consists of one foot, a dimeter of two 
feet. 

Dimethyl (daime:pil). Chem. [See Di-2 2 and 
Meruyt.] 

1. as sd. A name of Ethane (C, H,), regarded as 
two molecules of the radical methyl (CHg). 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 568 A colourless gaseous 
mixture containing ethane ordimethyl. 1877 Watts Fownes’ 
Chem. V1. 47 Ethane. This compound .. may also be re- 
garded as dimethy/, or as ethyl hydride. 

2. attrib. and in Comd. denoting an organic com- 
pound in which two equivalents of methyl take the 
place of two of hydrogen, as wimethyl ketone= 
Acetone CO(CH;)., démethylaniline, Hz;N(CHs)., 
one of the aniline bases, démethyl-benzene C,H, 
(CH,)o, démethyl-ethyl carbinol = tertiary pentyl 
alcohol, C -OH « (CHs)g+ (C, H;». 

1869 Roscor Elen, Chent. 330 The secondary propyl 
alcohol or dimethyl carbinol boils at 84°. 1877 Watts 
Fownes’ Chem. U1. 428 Dimethyl-benzene or Xylene. 1880 
FrisweEct in Soc. Arts Frul. 444 The dimethyl compound 
resulting from the use of two molecules of the alcoholic 
compound. | : 

Dimetient (doim7fiént), a and sd. [ad. L. 
dimetient-em, pr. pple. of dimetir? to measure out: 
see DIMENSE.] A. adj. 

+1, That measures across through the centre: 
dimetient line = DIAMETER. Obs. 

160r Hottann Pliny I. 15 The dimetient line, or diameter, 
taketh a third part of the circumference, and little lesse 
than a seuenth part. 1603 — Plutarch’s Mor, 1045 ‘That 
the Diameter or Dimetient line of the earth is triple to that 

Von, III. 


369 


of the moone. lee Artillery 1. 264 The 
Orifice of the Chamber, whose Dimetient Line is exactly 
4 of the whole Diameter. ; : 

2. Math. That expresses the dimension. 

1842 Dr Morcan Dif. & Int. Calculus 323 Usually 27 
is the dimetient function of Algebra; we must come to 
the consideration of transcendental quantities before we 
find a function which is not of the same order as 2%, for 
some value or other of a; and then between x“ and xark 
may be found an infinite number of functions, higher in 
dimension than the first, and lower than the second, how- 
ever small & may be. ; 

+ B. sb. (Short for ¢imetient line). = DIAMETER. 

[1570 Bittincstey Euclid vi. xxiv. 172 In euery parallelo- 
gramme, the parallelogrammes about the dimeciens are lyke 
vnto the whole.] 1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. Elem. Bij b, 
A Right line drawne through the Centre vnto the Circum- 
ference of both sides, is named his Diameter or Dimetient. 
1690 LeyBourn Cus. Math. 328 ‘The Dimetient of a Sphere. 

metric (daime'trik), a. Crystallography. [f. 
Gr. &-, dis twice + wérpoy measure +-1C: cf. ME- 
TIC.) Applied to a system of crystals having 
three axes at right angles, the two lateral axes 
being equal to each other but unequal to the ver- 
tical axis; = TETRAGONAL. 

1868 Dana M/in. Introd. 21 The names Monometric, Di- 
metric, and Trimetric, used in former editions of this work, 
have been set aside .. The names want precision, the hex 
gonal system being as much dimetric as the tetragonal. 
Lbid. 24 Tetragonal System (also called Quadratic, Pyra- 
midal, Monodimetric, Dimet:ic). 1873 /ozzes’ Chent. (ed. 
11) 279 The dimetric are also very symmetrical, about three 
axes at right angles to each other, | 

Dimication (dimikéi-fon). Now rare. [ad. 
L. dimication-em, n. of action f. dimécare to fight.] 
lighting ; strife, contention. 

1623 CockEerAM, Dimication, a battell. 1650 S. CLARKE 
Eccl. Hist. 1. (1654) 66 In the dimication which arose about 
Arius. 1660 Fisher Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 229 In 
thy meer demi-digested demications against them. 1884 
Zimes 28 July 6 In such a continual dimication .. the de- 
feated impersonations of error will be found fighting as 
briskly as ever they did to-morrow. 

So + Di-micate v., to fight, contend ; Dimica- 
tory a. (affected or humorous, relating to fighting 
or fencing. 

1657 Tominson Renou's Disp. 314 When Snailes are 
about to dimicate with Serpents. 1892 Sat, Nev. 2 Apr. 
400/r For matters dimicatory. 

Dimiceries, var. DiMIss\RIES Oés. 

Dimidiate (dimi-dict,dai-),a. [ad. L. dimidiat- 
us, pa. pple. of dimidzare to halve, f. dimédium half, 
f. dt-, dis- asunder + medius mid, medium middle.) 

1. Divided into halves; halved, half. 

1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 475 Vhe dimidiate 
platform of your staircase. 1825 Lamp “dia Ser. u. Pop. 
Fallacies, He . allows his hero a sort of dimidiate preemi- 
nence:— Bully Dawson kicked by half the town, and half 
the town kicked by Bully Dawson’. 1847 Sir W. Hamitron 
Let. to A. De Morgan 43 Dimidiate quantification. 1854 
Hooker Himadl. Fruls. V.iii. 61 When the tree is dimidiate, 
one half the green, the other the red shades of colour. 

2. Bot. and Zool. a. Of an organ: Having one 
part much smaller than the other, so as to appear 
to be wanting. b. Split in two on one side, as the 
calyptra of some mosses. ¢. Zoo/. Relating to the 
lateral halves of an organism: applied to her- 
maphrodites having one side male and the other 
female. 

1830 LinpLey Nat. Syst. Bot. 322 The dimidiate calyptra. 
1 Dana Zooph. (1848) 432 Dimidiate, a tubular calicle 
bisected vertically nearly to its base. 1855 OwEN Comp. 
Anat. 18 (L.) Insects, like crustaceans, are occasionally 
subject to one-sided or dimidiate hermaphroditism. 1863 
Berketey Brit. Mosses Gloss. 312 Dimidiate, the same 
with cucullate. 1880 Gray Struct, Bot. vi. § 6. 255 ‘The 
anther of Gomphrena is completely unilocular by abortion 
+. of the companion cell. Thus losing one half, it is said 
to be dimidiate, or halved. wen, 

3. Comb. in botanical terms, as dimidiate-cordate, 
said of a dimidiate leaf (see 2 a) of which the full- 
grown part is cordate; so dimzdiate-oblong, -obo- 
void. (Sometimes written dimzdiato-cordate, etc. \ 

1866 Treas. Bot., Dimidiato-cordate, when the larger half 
of a dimidiate leaf is cordate. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 
329 Euphorbia peplis ..\eaves dimidiate-cordate. did. 435 
Leersia orysoides .. Spikelet dimidiate-oblong. 

Dimidiate (dimi-die't, dai-), v. [f ppl. stem 
of L. dimidiare : see prec. 

1. ¢vans. To divide into halves; to halve; to 
reduce to the half. 

1623 Cockeram, Dimediate, to part into two parts. 
W. Sctater Civ, oe (2659) 42 Who dimidiate Christ, 
would have him onely by halfes. 1 Sparke Prin, 
Devot. (3663) _ Dimidiated, as ’twere by forked tongues. 
1789 S. Parr Iks. (1828) VII. 412, F hope he had a com- 
plete service, not mutilated and dimidiated, as it was for 
poor Johnson at the Abbey. 

2. Her. To cut in half; to represent only half of 
(a bearing), esf. in one half of a shield party per 
pale: see Dimip1aTEp, DimipraTion, Hence Di- 
mi‘diating v0/. sb. 

1864 Bouter. Heraldry Hist. §& Pop. xiv. § 1 (ed. 3) 146 
This was styled Impaling by Dimidiation or Dimidiating. 
1880 WaRREN Book-flates xii. 128. 1893 E. How ett in 
Reliquary July 160 ‘The arms of the Cinque Ports, England 
dimidiating azure three ships’ hulls in pale or. 

‘diated, Ppl. a. [f. prec. +-ED.] Halved ; 
divided into halves, or having only one half shown 


DIMINISH. 


or represented ; spec. in //er. of a bearing or coat 
of arms. (Cf. Dimipiation, Demi B. 1.) 

1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 42 Sundrie wayes they 
[Lions] are borne in armes .. Dimidiated, Parted, Couped. 
1647 A. Ross A/yst. Poet. iv. (1675) 98 In respect of her 
[the moon's] corniculated, dimidiated, and plenary aspect. 
1752 oe J: Hite Hist. Anim. 52 (Jod.) The dytiscus with 
twenty dimidiated stria on the extended wings. 1864 
Bourett Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxxii. (ed. 3) 467 Or, a 
dimidiated eagle to the sinister sa. 1 Proc, Soc, Anti- 
guarivs X1V. 279 ‘The arms of France and Burgundy are 
shown dimidiated. 

Dimidiation (dimi:diéi-fon,dai-), [ad. L. dime- 
diation-em,n. of action from dimidiare to halve: see 
DinipiateE a.] The action of halving, or condition 
of being halved ; sec. in Her. the combination or 
‘marshalling’ of two coats of arms by placing side 
by side the dexter half of one and the sinister half 
of the other; an early form of zmpalement. 

c1425 Craft Nombrynge (E. E. T.S.) 5 Per ben .7... 
partes of pis craft. The first is called addicion, pe seconde 
.. subtraccion. The thryd is called duplacion. ‘Ihe 4... 
dimydicion. 1658 Puiturs, Vimidiation, a dividing in 
the midst, a cutting into two halves. 1780 J. Epmonpson 
Heraldry 179 This method of impaling arms by dimidiation 
hath been for some time laid aside in England. 1847 PARKER 
Gloss. Brit. Her. 113 Dimidiation, the dexter half of the 
husband’s arms being joined to the sinister half of the wife’s. 
1882 Cussans Handbk. Her. xii. (ed. 3) 164 Marshalling by 
Dimidiation was, towards the close of the Fourteenth 
Century, superseded by Impalement. 

Dimilance, obs. form of DEeMI-LANCE. 

Diminew, var. DiminvE v. Oés., to diminish. 

Diminicion, obs. form of DiminutIon, 

Diminish (dimi‘nif , v. Also 5-6 y for 7, sshe 
for sh; 5-6 deminish(e, 6 Sc. dimimiss, dini- 
nuse. [Formed under the joint influence of the 
earlier Diminvur, F. dtmdnuer, L. diminucre, and 
MInIsH, earlier menusen, OF. menuiser, L. type 
*minitiare to cut small, having the prefix of 
the one with the suffix of the other. Ancient 
L. had diminucre to break into small pieces, 
dash to pieces, and démznucre to make smaller, 
lessen, reduce in size. In late L. and Romanic 
the az- derivative supplanted the @é- form ; hence 
the modern derivatives of L. déminuécre all have 
aimin- | 

I. ¢rans. 

1. To make (or cause to appear) less or smaller ; 
to lessen; to reduce in magnitude or degree. (The 
opposite of enlarge, tncrease, augment, magnify.) 

1417 in Ellis Orig. Let¢. Ser. u. 1. 61 Yf your forces be not 
here alwayes soe strongly mayntayned & continued with- 
out being deminished your Irish enimies . . will rise agayne. 
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 Perauenture it di- 
minysshed theyr payne in hell. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s 
Husb. 1. (1586) 162 It greatly deminisheth the substance 
of them. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa 1. 169 The whole 
towne is diminished into one streete. 1612 Brinstey Lad. 
Lit. xxiv. (1627) 268 Whatsoever may diminish his estimation 
and authority. 1641 Witkins Math. Magick 1. xii. (1648) 
85 The weight must. .be diminished in the same proportion. 
1790 Patey ore Paul. Rom. i. 12 What diminishes very 
much the suspicion of fraud. 1880 Grikie Phys. Geog. ii. 
§ 8.53 The ascent of warm air must necessarily diminish 
atmospheric pressure. 

+b. To clip, sweat, etc.(coin). Ods. 

1568 Grarron Chron. II 126 There should be no deceyt 
used by diminishing or clipping y* same. 1698 LutrreLL 
Brief Rel. (1857) 1V..350 A French man is committed to 
Newgate for diminishing our coin. 

+2. To break in pieces, break small. Ods. rare. 
(class. L. diminudre.] 

1607 TorseLt Four-/, Beasts (1658) 491 In Rhetia .. they 
hold betwixt the fighting of Rams a stick, or bat of Corn- 
tree, which in a bout or two they utterly diminish and 
bruise in pieces. 

3. To lessen in importance, estimation, or power ; 
to put down, degrade, humiliate; to det:act from, 
disparage, belittle. arch. (See also DIMINISHED 2.) 

1560 Biste (Genev.) Zzeé. xxix. 15, 1 wil diminish them, 
that they shal no more rule the nations. 1666 Perys Diary 
24 June, He do plainly diminish the commanders put in by 
the Duke, and do lessen the miscarriages of any that have 
been removed by him. 1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 612 While 
impiously they thought Thee to diminish, and from thee 
withdraw ‘The number of thy worshippers. 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 348 ? 2 This impertinent Humour of diminishing 
every one who is produced in Conversation. 1828 Scott 
F. M. Perth viii, You would have accused me of diminishing 
your honour, 1880 Miss Broucuton Sec. Th. 1, vi, She .. 
passes out, angered, humbled, diminished past compare. 

+4. To take away (a part) from something, so 
as to make it less; hence gev. to take away, sub- 
tract, remove. Ods. 

1504 AtkyNSon tr. De Jmitatione ww. ix, Take from our 
hertis. .all that may..dimynyshe vs from thy eternall loue. 
ay Fritu Disput. Purgat. 181 Neither add any thing 
nor diminish. 1548 Hatt Chron, Edw. [V, 217 The.. 
love betwene them, washed awaie and diminished all sus- 
picion. 1576 FLeminc Panof/. Epist. 24 Thus much was 
diminished from the state of the empyre. 1610 SHaks. 
Temp. wi. iii. 64 Your swords .. may as well Wound the 
loud windes .. as diminish One dowle that’s in my plumbe. 
61x Biste Dent. iv. 2 Ye shall not adde vnto the word 
which I command you, neither shall you diminish ought 
from it. a@1627 Haywarp (J.), Nothing was diminished 
from the safety of the king by the imprisonment of the 
duke, 

47* 


DIMINISHABLE. 
+b. adsol. To abate, subtract. Ods. 


the real majesty of the ceremony. 1826 R. H. Frouve Rem. 
(1838) I. 74 His command ..will no more diminish from the 
sum of our pleasures than [etc.]. F 

+ 5. To deprive (a person) in part, to curtail of. 

1559 Br. Cox in Strype Aun, Ref. 1. vi-98 If now then 
the builders .. be diminished of their wages. 1609 Biste 
(Douay) Ps. xxxiii. 11 They that seeke alter our Lord shal 
not be diminished of any good. 1762 Gotps. Cit, W.lii, The 
whole circle seemed diminished of their former importance. 

6. Arch. To make (a thing) such that its succes- 
sive parts in any direction are continuously less and 
less; to cause to taper or progressively decrease 
in size, as a tapering column: see DIMINUTION 9. 

1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 22 They [pillars] are all 
diminished. .from one third part of the whole Shaft. 1797 
Monthly Mag. \11. 221 The sides form the arch joints of 
the bridge, and are diminished, so as to tend towards the 
centre of the circle. . 

7. Mus. +a. To reduce in loudness, make gra- 
dually softer: cf. DiminuENnDo. Ods. b. To lessen 
(an interval) by a semitone: see DmnISHED 4. 

1674 PLavrorp Skill A/us. 1. xi. 43 It will work a better 
effect to Tune the Voice diminishing it, rather than In- 
creasing it. 

II. cntr. 

8. To become less or smaller ; to lessen, decrease. 

1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. nu, 11/2 Kyng Goffars people 
encreased dayly and his dyminished. 1565 Eart Beprorp 
in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. I. 215 As their force dimenesshede 
so dyd her Grace increace. “1700 Drvven Fables Pref. 
(Globe) 495 What judgment I had increases rather than 
diminishes. 1725 Pore Odyss. xiv. 284 Crete’s ample fields 

iminish to our eye. 1860 Tynpatt Glac.1. ii. 16 The sound 
.. diminishes in intensity, 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 78 The air 
diminished in bulk, while the quicksilver increased in weight. 

b. Arch. To have its dimensions successively 
smaller in the same direction ; to taper. 

1715 Leont Palladio’s Archit. (1742) 1. 12 In the dimin- 
ishing of them it must be observ'd, that by how much 
longer they are, by so much the less they must diminish. 

Diminishable (dimi-nifab’l), a. [f. prec. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being diminished or lessened. 
Hence Dimi-nishableness. 

1782 Kirwan in Phil. Trans. UXXII. 223 Phlogisticated 
air, after it has been purified from phlogiston .. is again 
diminishable by phlogistic processes. 1864 5 fectator 20 Aug. 
948/1 A five years’ sentence .. being thus at best diminish- 
able by..one year and three wecks. 1875 Veitcu Lucre- 
tfus 33 The absolute diminishableness of the Sum of matter. 


Dimiuished (dimi-nift’, sf/. a. [f. as prec. 


+-ED), 

1. Made smaller, lessened: see the verb. (+In 
quot. 1607, Lowered in condition, weakened, wasted, 
emaciated.) 

1607 Torsett Four-/, Beasts (1658) 532 For the encourag- 
ing of a feeble and diminished horse Eumelius reporteth 
the flesh of swine .. mingled in wine and given to drink, 
to be exceeding good. 1742 Younc N¢. Th. ix. 1715 How 
swift I mount! Diminish'd Earth recedes. a1850 CALHOUN 
Wks, (1874) VI. 140 Kays of sovereignty .. to be reflected 
back, not in diminished, but increased splendor. 

2. Lowered in importance, estimation, or power 
(see Diinisi v. 3) ; now only in phr. from Milton, 

1667 Mitton /’. Z. tv. 35 O thou [sun].. at whose sight 
all the Starrs Hide their diminisht heads. ConGREVE 
Birth of Muse 119 She feels..the Shame, Of Honours lost, 
and her diminish’d Name. 1840 E. E. Napier Scenes & 
Sports For. Lands }, p. xxxv, Crest-fallen and dejected .. 
(they] hide. .their diminished heads. 

3. Arch., etc. (See quots.) 

1726 Leoni Alberti’s Archit. 1. 
diminish'd Arch. .is not a compleat Semi-circle, but a deter- 
minate part less. 1823 P. Nicnorson Pract. Build. 584 
Diminished Bar, in joinery, the bar of a sash that is thin- 
nest on the inner edge. 1876 Gwitr Archit., Gloss., Dimi- 
nished Column, a column whereof the upper diameter is 
less than the lower. 

4. Mus. a. Of an interval: Less by a chromatic 
semitone than a perfect, or than a minor, interval 
of the same name: opp. to augmented. Diminished 
triad, a triad containing a diminished (instead of 
a perfect) fifth, b. Diminished subject, a subject 
repeated in diminution (see DiminvurTIon 5 a). 

r x Cuampers Cycl., Diminished intervat, in music, 
is..an interval which is short of its just quantity by a lesser 
semitone, 1 lbid, Supp. s.v. Interval, A Table of 
Musical Intervals. . Dimini Fourth. . Diminished Fifth 
+» Diminished Seventh. 1855 Browninc Joccata of Ga- 
—— vii, Those lesser thirds so plaintive, sixths dimi- 
nished, sigh on sigh. 1880 C. H. H. Parry in Grove Dict. 
Mus. 1, 448 The diminished th..isa i less 
than the ordinary minor seventh. 


Dimi-nisher, vere. [f. as prec.+-ER1.] One 
who or that which diminishes or lessens. 

x60r Weever Mirr, Mart. Avij, This paynted wether- 
cocke, Arts diminisher, With c dize b h to em- 


3/2 The imperfect, or | 


370 


the impaixing and diminishing of his regal power. 
Gro. pep Pe ui. xii, T ee 
to her to be the diminishing of sorrow. 
2. Arch. Tapering 3. = Diminution 9. ? Obs. 
1563 Suute Archit. Ciija, How to close and finish the 
diminishing of the pillors. Jonxzs in Leoni 


| 161, BE 
Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. “6 The diminishing of the 


Pilasters. 1776 G. Sempre Building in Water 142 In 
every Course to make a two Inch set off.,will preserve the 
diminishing of the Pier. 


piminiabing fpl.a. [f. as prec. + -1nG 2.] 
1. That diminishes or lessens: a, That makes 


‘Ah!’ this i i i 
News 26 Oct. 3/. fi Raye mene ee 
+. fi Bo and was repeated in a further diminu- 


+ Diminuent, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. di-, dé- 
minuent-em, pr. pple. of di-, déminuére to Dimin- 
isa.) Dimi 3 lessening the force of any- 


t > 
vase W. wer gt Com? Malachy (1650) 38 Wye > the 

ure speaks of spirit Sacri&ces, it useth a ‘Terme 
di a 1647 SA Serm. 11, 221 Such kind of 
limiting and diminuent terms. 1657— Serm. Pref. (1681) 16 
in Comparative degree (AecoiSacpoverzépovs) in such kind 


+2. Disparaging, depreciative. Ods. 

1675 Everyn Mem. (1857) Il. 105 The Lords accused the 
Commons for their .. provoking, and diminishing expres- 
sions. x Stannore /araphr, U1. sor St. Paul, s Pr 
disdains all false and diminishing Reflections, 

3. Arch., Ship-building, etc. Thinning or tapering 
off gradually. 

vg 8 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Diminishing stuff, in 
ship-byblding, the planking wrought under the wales, where 
it is thinned progressively to the thickness of the bottom 
plank. = R. Meave Naval Archit. 354. 
Gwitt Archit., Gloss., Diminishing Rule, a board cut with 
a concave edge, so as to ascertain the swell of a column, 
and to try its curvature. Diminishing Scale, a scale of 
gradation used in finding the different points for drawin, 
the spiral curve of the Ionic volute. 1883 More. Exhib 
Catal. iii. 5 Four diminishing joints. 

imi-nishing [f. prec. + -L¥ 2] 


ly, adv. 
1. Ina diminishing manner or degree ; decreas- 
ingly. 


1827 Examiner 262'1 The light..is spread diminishingly | 


over the picture. 1873 Contemp. Rev. XXI. 449 Most 
powerful and varied in man, diminishingly so in the lower 
animals, 

+2. Disparagingly, depreciatively. Ods. 

1672 Mede's Wks., Life 7 Some .. were induc'd to speak 
somewhat diminishingly, and below the worth of his 
[Mede’s] Clavis and Commentary upon the Apocalyps. 
1707 Norris Treat, Humility vi. 289 To lessen and vilify 
himself, and speak very diminishingly. .of his own worth. 

Diminishment. Now sare. Also 6 de-. 
[f. Diminisu v. + -menT, App. obsolete before 
1700; used again in 19th c., but not common.] 
The action or process of diminishing (¢rams. and 
intr.) ; diminution, lessening, decrease, abatement. 

1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u. (1550 94, All is to demyn- 
yshment of akynges power, 1561 ‘T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 
1. xiii, 35 His diuine majestie. .the offence of diminishment 
wherof is an unpardonable crime. 1662 J. CHANDLER Van 
Helmont’s Oriat. Pref. to Rdr., A pure, everlasting .. 
Light, which will illustrate all things, without dammage 
and diminishment. 1837 Locknart Scott xliv, He received 
us. .with little perceptible diminishment in the sprightliness 
of his manner. 1893 GD, Leste Lett, to M/arco xxvi. 171 
A_diminishment in their numbers. 

Diminitif, -ive, obs. forms of Diminvurtve. 

Dimi-nuate, v. nonce-wd. [f. L. di-, déminucre 
to lessen + -ATES: cf. next.) zntr. To use a diminu- 
tive word or expression. (Cf. Dimtnvenr.) 

1883 M. Cottins Miduight to Midn. viii. 174 ‘You are 
a little wild.’ ‘A little ! you diminuate !" oe 

ua‘tion. Obs. rare. [a. OF. dimi- 
nuacion (1488 in Godef.), f.d¢minuer to DiMINISH.] 
= DimInvuTIoN. 

1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 28 My tresor .. may 
not be mynisshed for noo thing that I yeue. . but thou maist 
departe with noon of thyn withoute dymynuacion, 

+Diminue, v. O/s. Forms: 4 dymynue, 6 
-ew, diminew, Sc. dimunue.. [a. F. diminue-r 
(1308 in Godef, Suppl), ad. L. déminu-cre to 
lessen, DIMINISH. f. Pr. diminuar, also with 
other conjugational suffixes, Pr., Sp., and Pg. di- 

inuir, Cat. disminuir, It. diminuire. 1n all the 
Romanic langs. the prefix is dé-, which was also 
the common med.L, spelling, but ancient L. had 
déminuére to lessen, diminish, diminuére to break 
into small pieces ; cf. Diunisu.] =Dmomisn 2. 
in various senses). In first quot, zu¢r, to speak 

isparagingly ; cf. DimiNIsH v, 3. 

x ad Ezek, — 13 Je.. han dymynued Lenn. 
spoken yuel] a3eins me [1388 deprauyd a3ens me, " 
p eee 1513 Dovucias 4éneis 1. Prol. 7 or na 
reproche diminew thi guid name. 1549 Comfi. Scot. vi. 56 

ao el 


God almychty. igatis, aug or ..the.. 
operations of the planetis, +“ Skevne Zhe Pest (1860) 
16 Rather depart riche nor leife pure, or diminew their 


fortune ony wayis. 
|| Diminuendo (démiinizendo’. Mus. — [It. 
diminuendo lessening, diminishing, pr. pple. of 


» Wit ¢' t 
peach me, Crarke Serm. 241 (L.) The diminisher of 
regal, but Pay. Bex of epi authority. 

Diminishing, vbl, sb. [f. as prec. +-ING 1.] 
1. The action of the verb Dimtnisi; lessening, 
diminution, ne 
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 782 Thinges.. 
He iy wen to the diminishyng of bis honor, 1582 R. 
Wimecepon (¢7//e), A Sermon no less fruitful than famous. . 
set foorth by the olde Ys without addings or diminishings. 
1649 Mitton Likon, x, That their liberties and rights were 


diminuire to diminish: see prec.]) A musical 
direction indicating a gradual decrease in force or 
loudness of tone (abbrey. Aes dimin.); as sb. a 
gradual decrease in force of tone, or a passage 
where this occurs. Also ¢rans/. and Jig. (Opp. 
to CRESCENDO.) 

1775 ‘J. Cottier’ Mus, Trav. (ed. 3)65, 1 stood still some 
time to observe the dim) do and ¢ de MrT 
[see Crescenvo]. 1870 Miss Brivcman Xo, Lynne 11. iii. 70 


q tion, 
175 The Diminution of t 


Pp ig being usually taken for a Diminuent terme, 
Diminuse, obs. Sc. form of Diunisu. 

+ Diminute, 2. Ols. Also 5-6de-. [ad. L. 
di-, déminiit-us, pa. pple. of di-, déminuére to 
Dionisu.] Diminished, lessened; abated; incom- 
plete, defective. 

Diminute conversion ), conversio per accidens, in 
which the converse asserts less than the convertend, as in 
‘ All the natives were slaves : Some slaves were natives.’ 

rer a Henryson Fadles Prol. 41 (Jam. Suppl.) Gif that 
ye find ocht .. Be diminute, or yit superfluous, ays 
Partenay 5680 He and his land shold be disherite, Ex 
and deminute by his dedes smart. 1533 More Aol. viii. 
Wks. 861/2 That hee neuer wrote that sermon himselfe, 
but that some of hys audience .. dydde wryte it dyminute, 
and mangled for lacke of good remembraunce. 1 Re- 
corve Whetst, Aivb, If the partes make lesse than the 
whole nomber..then is that nomber called Diminute, or De- 
fectiue. As .8. hath these partes .1. .2. .4. whiche make but.7. 
1651-3 Jer. Tavior Serm. for Year 1. xxiv. 304 Affix prices 
made diminute and lessened to such and abate- 
ments. 1731 Cuanoter tr. Limborch's Hist. Ingnis. 11. 32 
He who confesses an heretical Action or Word, but denies 
the wicked Intention..is. .to be delivered over asa diminute, 
impenitent, and negative Heretick, 

Db. Diminutive, minute. 

1611 Sir A. Gorces (T.), The first seeds of things are little 
and diminute. 

‘nute, v. rare. [f. L. di-, déminiit- ppl. 
stem of di-, d@minuére to DIMINISH.) ‘rans. To 
lessen ; to belittle; = DinnnisH z. 3. 

1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 111. 905, I imploir..3e not deiect 
the dignitie nor gloir, Spul3e, nor reif, diminute nor deploir 
Into na sort thes deifeit Codaen. 1883 J. C. Morison in 
Macm, Mag. 200 The repugnant task of diminuting our 
hero has been forced upon us. 

Diminu'tely, adv. Obs. [f. Diauxure a.+ 
-LY 2.] In a diminished manner or form ; incom- 
pletely. 

1521 St. Papers Hen. VI11,1. 79, U never rehers’ 
Graces letters, diminutely, or fully, but by the 

resse commaundement. 1659 Lorex Key Cath, xx. 95 

sciences diminutely and insufficiently delivered by their 
authors. 1841 Fraser's Mag. XX1V. 25 He could., make 
even Old Hal diminutely to sing [‘to sing small ']. 

Diminution (dimini#-fon). Forms: 4-6 di- 
minucion (also with y for 7), diminicion, 7 de- 
minution, 6- diminution. [a. AF. diminuciun 
(a@ 1300), F. diminution =Pr. diminutio, Sp. dimi- 
nucion, Pg. diminuigao, It. diminusione, ad. L. 
diminition-em \ater spelling of déminiition-em, n. 
of action from déminuére to lessen. Classical L. 
analogies would give the form deminution: see 
DiMinisH, Diminve.] 

1. The action of diminishing or making less ; the 
process of diminishing or becoming less ; reduction 
in magnitude or d ; lessening, decrease. 


©1374 Cuaucer 7% 11. 1286(1335) To encrece or maken 
dyminucioun Of my langage. Set 11 Hen, V1, c. 2 $6 
Dymynucion of pun’ es had for women e 
with child. 1594 Hooker Aceé. Pod. im. xi. (1611) 120 

by addition or diminuti M Jtin. wm. | 
The remainder can hardly beare such deminution, as al 
Armies are subiect vnto. 1682 Burner Xights Princes viii. 

15 Rather ee to _ aes diminution of that 

ight. T. H[{Ave] Ace. New /nvent. p. cvii, Enlarge- 
a Pi, ob ann Wharfs or Banks. 1712 ADDISON 
Spect. No. 517 P1 A of his letter, without any altera- 
tion or diminuti Wuewewt Hist. Juduct. Se. 11, 

Obliquity of the Ecliptic, 
. Apparent lessening, as by distance. ? Ohs. 

1611 Suaxs. Cymb. 1. iii. 18 To looke vpon him, till the 
diminution Of space, had pointed him pace 7 iy he eae 
1667 Mitton /. Z, vit. 369 From human sight So farr re- 
mote, with diminution seen. i 4 

+ 3. Representation of something as less than it 
is; extenuation. Pusite Rhet. a Obs. 

r R. Brunne Handi. Synne 12416 3yt ‘S an en- 
death Ys kallede ‘dymynucyun’, On be bee ys to 
mene To make py synne lytyl to seme. 1586 A. Day Eng. 
Secretary u. (1625) 93 Example .. for diminution, might 
this .. I must confesse are injuries to some, but unto 
me they are trifles. 1659 O. Waker Oratory 75 Gradation 
is by Oratours most-what observed, and the weightiest word 
said last : or, in diminutions, the contrary. 

+3. Lessening of honour or reputation ; deroga- 
tion, depreciation, belittling. soe ae 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) at apy ‘ions, 
dittiatoen ainetions #559 Life Sir T. More Word 
Eccl. Biog. (1853) 11, 181 U pote of those saints. . for 
I intend not the diminution of their glorious deaths. 1646 
Futter Wounded Conse, (1841) 351 A diminution to the 
majesty of God. 1648 Lrkon Bas. 49, 1 shall not much 
regard the worlds opines or diminution of me, 1712 
Spect. No. 468 P 4 ki hing a Di 


me Gs I 76 t 
vag Pp 
gal tages Pe gong p< gg aoe 


Your 
yngis ex- 


‘ity of my Will. Rows 
m a ORTH 
er tN ge es Beg 


DIMINUTIVAL. 


+4. Partial deprivation, curtailment, abatement. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V,70b, That we suffre harme or 
diminicion in person, estate, worship, or goodes. 1661 BRAm- 
Hatt Fust Vind, iv. 78 Untill it came to sentence of death, 
or diminution of member. 1675 Baxter Cath, Theol. u. 1. 
20 Had this been any injury or diminution to the rest? 

5. Mus. a. The repetition of a subject (in con- 
trapuntal writing) in notes of half or a quarter the 
length of the original: opp. to augmentation. 
+b. (quot. 1614) The condition of being dimin- 
ished (of an interval): see DIMINISHED 4 (ods. 
rare). 

1597 Mortey Jxtrod. Mus. 24 Diminution is a certaine 
lessening or decreasing of the essential value of the notes 
and rests, 1609 Doutanp Ornith, Microl. 48 Diminution.. 
is the varying of Notes of the first quantity .. or itis a 
certain cutting off of the measure. 1614 ‘I’, RaveNnscrorr 
(atte), A briefe Discourse of the true but neglected Vse 
of characterizing the Degrees by their perfection, imperfec- 
tion and diminution, in measurable Musicke. 1869 OUSELEY 
Counter. xv. 104 [In] imitation by diminution .. the conse- 
quent substitutes notes of smaller value for those proposed 
by the antecedent. ; 

6. Her. With earlier authors: The defacing of 
part of an escutcheon. By later writers said to 
be = DIFFERENCE, 

1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. viii. (1660) 43 Diminution is a 
blemishing or defacing of some particular point .. of the 
Escocheon, by reason of the imposition of some stain and 
colour thereupon. 1 Porny Her. Gloss., Diminution, 
word sometimes used instead of Difference. 1830 Rosson 
Brit. Herald \X1. Gloss., Diminution of Arms, an expres- 
sion sometimes used .. instead of differences, or, as the 
French call them, d7isues .. from the Latin diminutiones, 
lessenings, as showing a family to be less than the chief. 

+7. Gram. The formation of a diminutive word 
from a primitive. Ods. rare. 

1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. xi, The common affection 
of nouns is diminution. .. The diminution of substantives 
hath these four divers terminations: El..Et..Ock..Ing.. 
Diminution of adjectives is in this one end, zsh. 

8. Zaw. An omission in the record of a case sent 
up by an inferior court to a superior, in proceedings 
for reversal of judgement. 

[1610 Coxe Bf. of Entries 242 a/2 (marg.) Le def. alledge 
diminution en le Here, fac. seisinam. /b1d..251 b/t (arg:) 
Diminution alledge per le def. en les proclamations. 1626 
Sir W. Jones Reports, Weever v. Fulton 2 Car. 1 (1675) 140 
Car apres in nullo est Erratum plede, neque le Plaintiff 
neque le Defendant poient alledge diminution, car per le 
joinder ils allowe recorde.] 1657 Grimson tr. Croke's 
Refts. (1683) u. 597, Fokus v. Bowen, 18 Jas. I, After the 
Record certified, the plaintiff in the Writ of Error alledges 
Diminution for want of an Original, which was certified and 
entered. =_ Termes de la Ley 248, Diminution, is when 
the Plaintiff or Defendant in a Writ of Error alledges .. 
that of the Record remains in the Inferiour Court not 
certifyed, and prays that it be certifyed by Certiorari. 1848 
in Wuarton Law Lex, 

9. Arch. The gradual decrease in diameter of 
the shaft of a column, etc.; the tapering of a 
colunin or other part of a building; also, the 
amount of this tapering in the whole length. 

1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey’, Diminution..in Architecture, 
the lessening of a Pillar by Jittle and little from the Base 
to the Top. Leon Alberti’s Archit. 11. 20/1 The 
diameter of the lower diminution. 1727-51 CHambers Cyc. 
s.v., The Gothic architects .. observe neither diminution nor 
swelling ; their columns are perfectly cylindrical. = 
Entick London 1V. 356 [The] turret .. ends with a fine 
diminution, 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. m1. i. 809 The diminu- 
tion or tapering form given to a column .. sometimes com- 
mences from the foot of the shaft, sometimes from a quarter 
or one third of its height. /é/d. 814 Vitruvius in this order 
[the Tuscan] forms the columns six diameters high, and 
makes their diminution one quarter of the diameter. 

Diminutival (diminiatoi-val), a. (sb.) Gran. 
[f. L. diminutiv-us DiminutivE + -au.] Of, per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a diminutive. b. as 
sb. A diminutival suffix. 

1868 T. H. Kry Philol. Essays x.213 The Latin. .formin 
contemptuous terms for men, by means of a diminutival 
suffix. 1871 Rosy Lat. Gram. 1. vii § 862 Adjectives, 
chiefly diminutival. 1880 Earve Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) 
§ 317 In -kin ...a widely prevalent diminutival. 

Diminutive (diminiztiv), a. and sé. Also 4 
diminitif (-yf, etc.), 6-7 diminitive, 6 demy- 
nutyve. [a. F. dimdnutif, -ive (14th c. in Godef. 
Suppl.), ad. L. di-, déminiitiv-us, {. di-, deminiitus, 
pa. pple. of di-, déminuere to lessen. The sb. use is 
found in Eng. earlier than the adj.] A. adj. 

1. Gram. Expressing diminution; denoting some- 
thing little: usually applied to derivatives or affixes 
expressing something small of the kind denoted by 
the primitive word. (Opp. to augmentative.) 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) ;. Where they honoured this 
old woman [Hecale], calling her by a diminutive Name, 
Hecalena. 1659 O. WALKER Ovatory 32 Verbal nouns... 
some of them being aug: ive, some diminutive. 1755 
Jounson Pref. to Dict.,»Diminutive adjectives in -ish, as 
greenish, 1756 Burke Sudd. & B. wm. xiii, In most languages 
the objects of love are spoken of under diminutive epithets. 
1876 Mason Exg. Gram. § 313 The diminutive sense easily 
passes into that of depreciation, as in wor/dling, groundiing. 

+2. Making less or smaller; tending to dimi- 
nution. Ods. 

1677 GaLx Crt. Gentiles v. 266 God .. cannot fal under 
any mutation either .. augmentative or diminutive. 1711 
Suartess. Charac. (1737) IIL. mm. ii. 175 Any thing dimi- 
nutive either of their inward Freedom or national Liberty. 


| 


371 


+8. Representing or describing something as less 
than it is; disparaging, depreciative. Ods. 

1662 GLANvILL Lux Orient. ii. (1682) 9 A diminutive and 
disparaging apprehension of the infinite .. Goodness of God. 
1737 WATERLAND Eucharist 443 The Death of Christ ..a 
federal Rite .. appears to be too low and too diminutive a 
Name for it. 1791 Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 122 A scene 
so new .. that the name of a Revolution is diminutive of its 
character, and it rises into a Regeneration of man. 

4. Characterized by diminution ; hence, of less 
size or degree than the ordinary; small, little. In 
later use, generally, a more forcible expression for 
‘small’: =minute, tiny. (Usually in reference 
to physical size.) 

1602 Marston Ant. & Mel, u. Wks. 1856 1. 19 Balurdo 
cals for your diminutive attendance. 1605 Suaxs. Macé. 
1V. ii, 10 The poore Wren (the most diminutiue of Birds). 
1623 CockeraM, Diminutine, little. 1641 Bratuwait Eng. 
Intelligencer 1, Our Progenitours esteemed diminutive 
Cottages as Kingdomes. rgxz2 tr. Pomet's Hist, Drugs I. 
146 A diminutive Pine, which grows not above the Height 
of a Man. 1727 Swirt Gulliver t. i. 26, 1 could not suffi- 
ciently wonder at the intrepidity of those diminutive 
mortals. 1741 Gray Let, Poems (1775) 108 Last post I 
received a very diminutive letter, 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India 11. w. viii. 283 The summer .. passed in unavailing 
movements and diminutive attempts. 1851 BrimLry “ss. 120 
(Wordsw.) We .. know that children _are not diminutive 
angels. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skird. II. 24 Small, almost 
diminutive, in stature. 

B. sd. 

1. Gram. A diminutive word or term (see A. 1) ; 
a derivative denoting something small of the kind. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xcvi. (Tollem, MS.), 
Of ‘Lens, lentis,’ comeb ‘Lenticula,’ be diminityf pberof. 
1530 PatsGr. 303 Adjectyves whiche be demynutyves in 
signyfication. "159 Percivatt Sf. Dict. Biij, Diminutiues 
end commonly in zo, 22/0. 1678 CupwortH /xtedl, Syst. 
264 The word Saudmov..is not a diminitive..but an ad- 
jective substantiv’d. 1709 STEELE 7atler No. 135 1 Cicero 
.. calls those small Pretenders to Wisdom .. certain Minute 
Philosophers, using a Diminutive even of the Word Little. 
1864 TENNYSON Aylmer's Field 539 In babyisms and dear 
diminutives Scatter’d all over the vocabulary Of sucha love. 
1894 J. ‘I’. FowLer Adamnan Introd. 80 His name, Adam- 
nan, 1s a diminutive of Adam. 

2. Her. One of the smaller ordinaries correspond- 
ing in form and position to the larger, but of less 
width. 

[1486 Bh. St. Albans, Her. Civ), This cros [croslet] is not 
so oft barne in armys by him selfe .. neuer the lees mony 
tymys hit is borne in dimynutiuys, that is to say in littyll 
crossis crossit.] 1572 BosseweEtt A rmorie 11. 32 b, The Bar- 
rulet is a Diminutive thereof, and is but the fourth parte of 
the Barre. 1766 Porny //em. iv. (1787) 60 The Pale .. Its 
Diminutives are the Pallet, which is the half of the Pale, 
and the Endorse, which is the fourth part of a Pale. 1882 
Cussans Handbk. Her. iv. 57 The diminutives of the Bend 
are the Bendlet, or Garter, which is half the width of the 
Bend; the Cost, or Cotice, which is half the Bendlet ; and 
the Riband, half of the Cost. /d/d. 72 All the Ordinaries 
(but not their diminutives) may be charged. 

8. A diminutive thing or person, a. A small 
variety or form of something; a ‘miniature’. 
+b. Something very small (0ls.). +e. 2 dimi- 
nutive: ona small scale, in miniature (o0s.). 

1606 Saks. 77. § Cr. v. i. 38 How the poore world is 
pestred with such water-flies, diminutiues of Nature. — 
Ant. & Cl. 1. xii. 37 Most. monster-like be shewne For 
poor’st Diminitiues, for Dolts. 1627-77 FevtHam Resolves 
1. xxxiii. 57 All families are but diminutives of a Court. 1658 
Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii, In what deminutives the 
plastick principle lodgeth is exemplified in seeds. @ 1687 
Cotton Gh) Sim .. Was then a knave, but in diminutive. 
1796 Mod. Gulliver's Trav. 46 A reflection .. which I often 
found myself justified in bringing home to these dimi- 
nutives, 1842:C. Wuiteneap RX. Savage (1845) I. xi. 145 
The diminutive tells me he believes he has wronged you. 
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xix. (1856) 150 A stimulus, acting 
constantly, like the diminutive of a strong cup of coffee. 

+4. Something that diminishes or lessens; sec. 
in Med. A medicine that’ abates the violence of a 
disease. Obs. : 

1602 Warner Add. Eng. x. liv. (1612) 242 If his Fames 
Diminutiue in any thing we finde. 1621 Burton Azat. Mel. 
i, v. 1. vi, When you have used all good meanes and helpe 
of alteratives, averters, diminitives. 

Diminutively (diministivli), adv. [f. prec. 
+-LY %.] Ina diminutive manner or degree. 

1, In the way of diminution ; so as to represent 
anything as small, or as less than it is; ‘+ extenu- 
atingly, disparagingly, depreciatively (ods.). 

1613 F. Rosarts Revenue of Gospel 125 They will cheer- 
fully..say, It was but fiue pounds .. It comes but once a 
yeare, I hope to recouer it by the grace of God. Thus 
diminutiuely and hopefully men mention any great charge, 
suitable to their owne humors. 1663 Baxter Divine Life 
175 Thinking diminutively of God’s love and mercy. 1788 
Map. D’Arsiay Diary July, I began vo think less diminu- 
tively of that [room]. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 
I. 256 When I say, ‘There were few men with him’; I 
speak diminutively, and mean to represent them as incon- 
siderable : whereas, when I say, ‘‘There were a few men 
with him’; I evidently intend to make the most of them. 

2. In a smaller or minute degree. 

3750 tr. Leonardus’s Mirr. Stones 218 Prassius .. has all 
the Virtues of the Emerald, tho’ diminutively. 

Diminutiveness. [f. as prec. +-ness.] The 
ously or condition of being diminutive. 

1 AILEY vol. II., Disinztiveness, littleness. 1750-1 
S II. 225 (T.) While he stood on tip-toes thrumming 
his bass-viol, the diminutiveness of his figure was totally 


DIMIT. 


eclipsed by the expansion of his instrument. 1830 Miss 
Mitrorp Vidlage Ser. 1v. (1863) 199 Next to names simple 
in themselves, those which fall easily into diminutiveness 
seem to me most desirable..Lizzy, Bessy, Sophy, Fanny— 
the prettiest of all! 1894 Daily News 15 Oct. 6/4 In keeping 
with the universal neatness and diminutiveness. 

Dimi-nutize, v. rare. [f DiminvteE a. + -1ZE.] 
trans. To turn (a word) into a diminutive form. 

In recent Dicts. 

+ Dimi'ss, v. Ods. [f. cl. L. diméss- ppl. stem 
of dimittére to send away, dismiss: cf. Dimir, 
Dismiss, and Dis- pvef.] = Dismiss v. 

1543 GRAFTON Contu. Harding (1812) 567 Charles did di- 
misse y® young man, 1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De [nvent.v. 
ix. 110a, When Masse is ended the deacon turning to the 
people sayeth, Ite missa est, which wordes are borrowed of 
the rytes of the Paganes, and signifieth that then the com- 
panye may be dimissed. 1655 Stantey //ist, PAslos. m1. 
(1701) 99/2 Theatetus disputing of Knowledge, he dimist. 
1729 SHELVOCKE A rfillery V. 399 It is shot easily froma large 
Bow, for if it be violently dimissed, the Fire of it will be 
extinguished. 

+ Di-missaries, s/, £/. Obs. Also 5 dismys- 
saries, 6 dimiceries, demisaris. [?f. L. d@z7s- 
sus, hanging down, descending + -ARY: cf.eéssary.] 
Testicles. 

1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. 357 Some malicious dysposed per- 
sones, in despyte. .kut of his hode and his dismyssaries. 1546 
Bate Lng. Votaries 1. (1550) 50 b, Chosen, as stoned horses 
are..by their outye dimiceries. 1569 ‘I’, UNpervown Ovid 
agst, Jos Oiijb, He .. cut of his Demisaris. 1577 Stany- 
Hurst Descr. /rel. in Holinshed V1. 68 For default of other 
stuffe, they pawne. .the nailes of their fingers and toes, their 
dimissaries. 

+ Dimission (doimifon). Ods. [ad. L. dimis- 
ston-em, n. of action from d7mittére to send away, 
dismiss, etc.] 

1. The action of giving up or relinquishing ; re- 
signation, abdication ; = DEMISSION 2 1. 

1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. 548, 1 swere .. that I shall neuer 
repugne to this resygnacion, dymyssyon or yeldynge vp. 
1568 (). Exiz. Let. 8 June in Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots App. 
31 She... compelled to make a dimission of her crown. 

2. Conveyance by lease ; = DEMISE sd. 1. 

1495 Act 11 /en. V'/1,c.9. § 2 All maner of leasses dymys- 
sions made. /d/d, c. 33 § 17 Any graunte or lesse made by 
.. lettres patentes of dimission. : 

3. Sending away, dismission, dismissal, discharge. 

1530 in Froude //ist. Eng. (1856) II. 82 Under sureties 
..that he should appear the first day of the next term. .and 
then day by day until his dimission. @1§55 Braprorp in * 
Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 307 It is..a deliueraunce from 
bondage and prison, a dimission from e. 1633 Br. Hatt 
Hard Texts 620 This common dimission of your wives. 
1736 Lepiarp Life Marlborough 1.106 Vhe King..sent him 
a Dimission of all his Employs, and forbid him the Court. 
1823 Soutney Hist. Penins. War 1. 44 Whosoever .. left 
the University without a letter of dimission. 

Dimissorial (dimisd-rial). /cc?. [f. as next 
+-AL.] A dimissory letter : see next, sense 2. 

1885 Catholic Dict. s.v., Abbots may not give dimissorials 
to seculars. 

Dimissory (di-misari), a. (sd.) Also 7 di- 
missary, 7-8 demissory. [ad. L. dimdssord-us 
(in Ltéerv dimissorizx a dimissory letter), f. dimess- 
ppl. stem of dimzttére to send away, dismiss: sce 
-ory. (Also Dismissory : cf. Dis- pref.)] 

+1. Pertaining to dismission or leave-taking ; 
dismissory ; valedictory. Ods. in gen. sense. (In 
quot. 1650, fg. from 2.) 

1g8r Marseck Bh. of Notes 305 In witnes wherof I giue 
ynto thee this Bill of diuorcement and dimissorie Epistle, 
being an instrument of libertie according to y* law of 
Moses. 1650 Br. Pripeaux Euchod. (1656) 101 (T.) Old 
Simeon’s craving his letters demissory. @1656 Ussner 
Ann. (1658) 431 The Original of that Petaroth or dimissary 
Lecture, after which the people were dismissed. 

2. Eccl. Dimissory letter (usually in pl. letters 
dimissory): @. In the ancient church, a letter from 
a bishop dismissing a clergyman from one diocese 
and recommending him to another. b. A letter 
from a bishop, the superior of a religious order, 
etc., authorizing the bearer as a candidate for 


ordination. 

1583 Stusses Anat. Abus, u. (1882) gt If he. -haue letters 
dimissorie from one bishop to another. @ 1631-1708 [see 
Demissory]. 1672 Cave Prin. Chr. ut, iii, (1673) 310 
Letters Dimissory whereby Leave was given to persons 
going into another Diocese (if ordained) to be admitted 
and incorporated into the Clergy of that Church. 1726 
Ayuirre Parerg. 128 A Bishop of another Diocess ought 
neither to ordain nor admit a Clerk..without letters Dimis- 
sory. 1818 C. Simzon Le?. in Mem. xx. (1847) 497 Letters 
dimissory for a young man who has distinguished himself, 
31819 SoutueY in Q. Kev. XXI1. 73 The abbot was cautioned 
not to receive a member of any other known monastery 
without dimissory letters from his superior. 

+ B. sb. (p/) = Letters dimissory : see prec. Ods. 

61380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat, Wyclif (1851) 147 Bi 
tytle and by dymyssories. 1619 Brent tr. Savfz's Counc. 
Trent (1676) 462 In respect of the dimisories of Bishops. 
172g tr, Dupin's Eccl. Hist, 1. v. u. 69 “The Dimissories 
were given to the Laity and Clergy, who went out of one 
Diocese .. to live in another. 

+ Dimi't, v. Ods. [In Branch I, ad. L. dzmitt- 
ére to send apart, away, or forth, to dismiss, re- 
lease, put away, let go, lay down (office), renounce, 
forsake, f. di-, dés- asunder + mttére to send, let 


go. A doublet (more etyniologically ee of 
47*-2 


DIMITY. 


Dismit, Dismiss: cf. also Demir v.2, and Diss, 
Demise. In Branch II, a variant of Demir v."] 

I. 1. “rans. To send away, let go, dismiss: = 
Demir v.21. 

1548 Uva, etc. Erasm. Par. Actsv. 26 So were they 
contented = this punishement to dimitte them. 

Foxe A. & M. (1596) 941/2 Thus Frith..was freely dimitt 
out of the stockes, and set at libertie. a 1639 Srorriswoop 
Hist. Ch. Scotl. . (1677) 50 The Pope .. did. .dimit the 
Scottish missioners .. with great promises of favour. 

2. To lay aside, give up, resign, abdicate: = 
Demir v.2 3. 

1 3 N. Win3zet Four Scoir Thre Quest. xxvii. Wks. 
1888 I. 93 Salamon .. commanding ws naways to dimit the 
law of our mother, quhilk is the Kirk. “* Row Hist. 
Kirk (1842) 40 That these who haue pluralitie of benefices 

compelled to dimitt all except one. Trans. Crt. 
Spain u. 141 It behoved him instantly to dimit his charge 
of Inquisitour General. 

3. To convey by lease, demise: = Demir v.? 4. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. V//, c. 9 That noe persone .. haue 
auctorite .. to dymytte or lette to ferme .. any londes or 
tenementis within the lordship. 1541 Act 33 Hen. V//1, 
c. 39 Power and auctoritie .. to couenant dimit let or set 
to ferme .. any of the landes. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 122 
He may dimitt the land destroied and not inhabite, vntill 
he be of power to big it againe. 

4. intr. Of a river: To empty itself, debouch. 

16.. Fountatnuatt in M. P. Brown Suppl. Decis. (1826) 
293 The public river of Tweed .. which dimits in the sea. 

II. 5. trans. To send, put, or let down, cause 
to descend, lower: = Demir v.! 1. 

1627-77 FevtHam Jesolves 1. Ixix. 105 Like the night .. 
dimitting unwholesom vapours upon all that rest beneath. 
1638 Sir T. Hersert 7'rav. (ed. 2) 3 When Apollo dimits 
his perpendicular rayes. 1646 Sir TI’. Browne Pseud. Ef. 
V. xili. 253 To teach horses to incline, dimit, and bow downe 
their ies. 1671 J. Wesster Afetallogr. iv. 75 Doth 
dimit it down into the centre of the Earth. 

b. fiy. To abase, let down: =DeEmitT v.1 2. 

1655 GuRNALL Chr. tn Arm. verse xi. 183/2 He was a man 
of rare humble spirit, that .. could so dimit and humble 
himself in his adresse to Christ. 

Dimity (dimiti). Forms: 5 demyt, 6 dimite, 
7 dimmety, dimmity, dimetty, 8 demity, di- 
mitty, 8- dimity. [In 15-16th c. demyt, dimite, 
a. It. diémito ‘a kind of coarse cotton or flanell’ 
(Florio 1598), ‘a kind of course linzie-wolzie’ 
(ibid. 1611) = med.L. dimztum (12th c. in Du 
Cange), ad. Gr. diperos of double thread, sb. dimity, 
f. d:-, dis twice + piros thread of the warp. 
not certain how the final -y arose: could it repre- 
sent It. pl. dém7tz? Cf. the plural in Du Cange’s 
quot.: ‘amita, dimitaque, et trimita’, explained 
to mean fabrics woven with one, two, or three 
threads respectively. The relation to these of the 
Persian word bles dimyati, explained as ‘a 
kind of cotton clo:h, dimity’, which has the form 
of a derivative of bles DVémydt, Damietta, is not 
clear.] 

A stout cotton fabric, woven with raised stripes 
or fancy figures; usually employed undyed for 
beds and bedroom hangings, and sometimes for 
garments. 

1440 in E. Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture, Lincolush. 182 
A vestment of white demyt for lenten and vigils. 1570 
Campton in Hakluyt May. (1599) I. 1.127 We do vse to buy 
many of their silke quilts, and of their Scamato and Dimite, 
that the poore people make in that towne [Scio]. 1632 
Litucow 7rav. vit. 358 A hundred Camels loaden with 
Silkes, Dimmeties, and other Commodities. 1636 Davenanr 
Witts (1673) 171 A Book wrapt up in Sea-green Dimmity. 
1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 236 A half bedstead as the 
new mode, dimity wt” fine shades of worstead works well 
made up. 1743 Fietpinc You, Wild 1. x, His waistcoat 
was a white dimity, richly embroidered with yellow silk. 
1819 Byron Yuan 1, xii, Her morning dress was dimity. 
1879 E. Garrett House by Works 1. 97 Else .. washed the 
pretty dimities oftener than even Lois thought necessary, 
1880 Birpwoop /ud. Arts Il. 76 Fustians, dimities and 
vermilions from cotton-wool had been made in London and 
in Manchester from 1641. 

b. attrib. Made of eae 

1639 Mayne City Match 1. iv, Thy dimity breeches. 1762 
Gentil, Mag. a Put on a dimitty waistcoat. 1856 Miss 
Mutock Su fax 1 Some sort of white dimity gown 
that she wore. 1861 Mrs. Cartyce Le/?. ILI. In our 
white dimity beds. 1876 Miss Brappon F. Mectarts 
Dau, 1. 108 The dimity window curtains. 

(dimli), adv. In 3 dimluker (compar.), 
4-5 dymly. [repr. OE. type *dim/ice, from dimlic 
adj. dim, obscure: cf -Ly*%.] In a dim manner; 
in or with a dim light; obscurely; somewhat 
darkly ; Sits, indistinctly. 


a1225 Ancr. 210 Heo wolden.. ide deofles seruise 
dimluker bemen. 13.. &, Z. Addit. P. C. 375 Dymly 
bi Pat pat p plesed him, a 1400-50 Alexander 


718 Pan Anec .. Dryvez up a dede voyce, and dymly he 
28 Be 1538 Starkey England nu. iii. 206 As Sayn Poule 
sayth dymely, hyt ys the pedagoge of Chryst. 

Mutton /. Z. v. 157 To us invisible or dimly seen In 
these thy lowest works. 1722 Appison be No. 26 
? 9 A Fire burns dimly.,in the Light of the Sun. 1858 
Hawrtnorne /'r, & Jt, Frnis. UL. 49 The Sgures looked 
dimly down like gods out of a mysterious sky. 1871 R. 
Exuis Catudlus \xvi. 49, Perish who earth’s hid veins first 
labour'd dimly to quarry. 1885 S/ectator 8 Aug. 1041/1 


It is: 


372 


This was dimly felt at the time and has been more dis- 
tinctly recognised since. 
b. Comb., as dimly-labouring, -lit. 
we Baptist |. Xx. Like the 
dimigiabouring moon.” 2080 Outen Moske Seis Ditaly At 


chambers. 

Dimmed (dimd), f/. a. [f. Dim v. + -ED1.] 
Rendered dim, 

1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. ii. 45 Her eyelids blew And dimmed 
sight.. At last she up gan lift. 1594 Ord. Prayer in Liturg. 
Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 654 Being..not any clearer enlightened, 
than by the di d glimpse of a Monr- 
comerte A/isc. Poems xi. 25 Quhen my dimmit sight greu 
cleir. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. ii. (1879) 20 The scene by 
the dimmed light of the moon was most desolate. 1863 
Geo. Exsor Romola 1. iii, The somewhat dimmed glory 
their original gilding. 

Hence Di g 

1610 Barrovcn Meth. Physick vi. ix. (16: Such as 
hath not the whitish colour 3 lining to & id a 

en, v. rare. [f. Dim a,+-en 5.) intr. 
To grow dim. Hence Di‘mmening /#/. a. 

1828-30 W. Taytor Surv. Germ. Poetry 1. 301 Scenery... 

on which his dimmening eyes are preparing to close for ever. 
i er (ditma1), sb. [f. Din v.+-ER1.] One 
who or that which dims. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 594 A dimmer to the daylights. 
18.. J. H. Newman /dea of University, To remove the 
original dimmer of the mind's eye. 

Bimmer (dima), v. nonce-wd. [f. Din v. + 
-En 5.) To appear dimly, faintly, or indistinctly. 

1892 R. Kiptinc Barrack-r. Ballads 123 As the shape of 
a corpse dimmers up through deep water. 

Dimmety, obs. form of Dimitry. 

Dimming (di‘min), vé/. 5. [f. Dim v. + -1NG1.] 
The action of the verb Dim, q. v. 

13.. Coer de L. 6977 Be the dymmyng off the more, Men 
myghte see, where Richard fore. ¢143§ Vorr. Portugal 
512 Yt Drew nere-hande nyght By dymmynge of the Day. 
1552 Hvutoet, Dymminge of the syght, caligatio. 1 
Suaks. Aich. J//, 1. ii. 102 All of vs haue cause To waile 
the dimming of our shining Starre. 

Di-mming, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG2.] That 
cims: see the verb. 

1734 R. Erskine in R. Palmer Bk. of Praise 397 My 
Lord will break the dimming glass And show His glory 
1816 J. Witson City of Plague u. ii. 183 The 


face to face. 
driving blast—the dimming rains. 


1875 Wuitney Life | 


Lang. iv. 66 The specific quality of which [vowels] is due 


to a dimming action along the whole mouth, 
i ish (di-mif), a. [f. Dim a. + -18H.] Some- 
what dim. 

1683 Tryon Way to Health 96 Its flame is not clear. .but 
of a dimmish Brimstone colour. 1724 Swier Stedla’s Birth- 
day 42 My eyes are somewhat dimish grown. 1826 Blackw. 
Mag. XX. 899 Our eyes have got rather dimmish. 

Dimmit (di-mit). s.w. dial. Also 8 dimmet. 
[f Dim a.] Dusk, twilight. 

1746 Exmoor Scolding (E. D. S.) 42 In the Desk o’ tha 
Yeaveling, just in tha Dimmet. /éé¢. Gloss., Dimmet.. 
the Dusk of the Evening .. the evening twilight. 1859 
Cavern Ball. & Songs 132, 1, with my arms, in the dimmit 
of day, Will snare the bold son of the sea. 1879 G. Mac- 
ponatp 7’. Fader IIL. xiv. 237 He likes his little ones to 
tell their fancies in the dimmits about the nursery fire. 

Dimmy (di-mi), a. [f. Dim a.+-y: cf. backy, 
bluey.) 'Maving dimness ; more or less dim. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, The derkenesse of the 
dymmy night. 1580 Sipnev Arcadia w. (1622) 441 You 
dimmie clouds. 1582 Bent Ley fon. Matrones 181 Dazel 
with the dimmie and darke mists of Sathan. 1§94 Carew 
Tasso (1881) 119 The dimmy ayre now cleerer cove. 1 
Sincieron Virgié I. 98 If she (the moon) shall have clip, 
The darksome ether with a dimmy horn. 

Dimn, dimne, obs. ff. Dim a. and v. 

Dimness (di'mnés). [OE. dimnis, dymnys, f. 
dim Dim + -NEsS.] The quality of being dim; want 
of clearness, brightness, or distinctness ; dullness of 
vision or perception, dimsightedness, 

c8as Vesp. Psalter xcvili|. 2 Wolcen & dimnis in ymb- 
hwyrfte. ¢ 1000 Sax. Leeched. 1, 200 Wip yaar dymnysse, 
genim dysse sylfan wyrte leaf. a1300 £. L. Psalter xvii. 
1o Dimnes under his fete. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De 
P. RL xi, xx. (495) 450 Abyssus that 1s depnesse of water 
hath of hymsel ib oy» and depnesse. 1572 Bossewett 
Armorie u. 67b, The Eagle in age hath enes, and 
dymnes of eyne. G. Hersert Temple, Sonne 8 A 
sonne. .a fruitfull flame Chasing the fathers dimnesse. 1751 
Jounson Rambler No. 155 ® 3 In proof of the dimness of 
our internal Light. 1778 S. J. Pratr Liberal Opin. (1783 
IV. 3 Tumbling into the ditch, which my dimness ent 
me from seeing. 1863 Geo. Ertor Romolat. v, The once 
splendid patch of carpet. .had been worn to dimness. 
1887 Morris Odyss. vil. 42 Round about him still She shed 
that holy dimness. 

Dimond, obs, form of DramonD. 

Dimo:nosylla‘bie, a. nonce-wd. [see Dt-*.] 
Consisting of two monosyllables. 

1844 Wuewe et in Todhunter Ace. Whewell’s Wks. (1876) 
II. 322 Dimonosyllabic endings. 

(doi‘mp:f). [mod. f. Gr. dipopp-os 
of two forms: cf. mod. F. dimorphe adj.] One of 
the two forms in which a dimorphous substance 
exists ; as ‘aragonite and calcite are dimorphs.’ 

In recent Dicts. 


Mmouhie (daimp-ufik), @. [mod. f. Gr. 8i- 
Hopd-os of two forms ¢f &-, Bis — popph form) 


+-10.] Existing or occurring in two distinct forms ; 
exhibiting dimorphism. a, ot, Occurring in two 


DIMPLE. 


distinct forms in the same plant or species, as the 
submerged and floating leaves in water-plants, disk 
and ray florets in Composite, and (sfec.) flowers 
or plants having stamens and pistils of different re- 
lative lengths. b. Zool. Of individuals of the same 
species (or of the same colony of polyps) : Occur- 
ring in two forms differing in structure, size, mark- 
ings, etc., according to sex, scason, or function. 
ec. Chem. and Min, Occurring in two distinct 
crystalline forms not derivable from one another. 

i 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. ii. (1878) 36 The two forms of an 
allied di ic species. ¢ J. Wyxpe in Circ. Se. 1. 

311/2 Some lies have two different fi or are dimor- 
phic, under different circumstances. a OoKER Stud. 
flora Primula .. Flowers usually dimorphic, having 
re hae with anthers deep in the tube or the reverse. 
Jbid: 319 Atriplex patula .. su hastata .. seeds dimor- 
phic, larger brown rough, smaller k smooth. 1878 Bett 
Gegenbaur’s Comp. Anat. 123 When the persons of a colon 
are di hic, those which are the more deve are.. 
functionally sexual, while the others are sterile. 1888 
Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 238 The Medusa and 
Hydroid pol are dimorphic forms..'The worker bee is 
a dimorphic female. 

Dimorphism (daimfifiz’m). [mod. f. Gr. 5¢- 
popp-os of two forms (see prec.) +-ISM.] The con- 
dition of being Dimorpuic. a. Cryst. The pro- 
perty of assuming two distinct crystalline forms, 
not derivable from each other. 

1832 Jounston Progr. Chem. in Rep. Brit.. Assoc. (1835) 
432 The different causes to which, under different circum- 
stances, dimorphism may be traced. 1850 Dauseny A tom. 
7h. iv. (ed. 2) 123 A familiar instance of dimorphism is ex- 
hibited in the case of carbonate of lime, which .. is found, 
sometimes in the form of calcareous spar, sometimes in that 
of arragonite. 1851 Richarpson Geol. v. 78 Di ism 
isa law which, though previously known, has been con! 
by the discoveries of Mitscherlich. oo. 

b. Ziol. ‘The occurrence of two distinct forms of 
flowers, leaves, or other parts on the same plant or 
in the same species; or of two forms distinct in 
structure, size, colouring, etc among animals of the 
same species. 

1859 Darwin Orig. Sec. ii. (1878) 35 There are. cases of 
dimorphism and trimorphism, both with animals and plants. 
Thus. .the females of certain... butterflies., regularly appear 
under two or even three conspicuously distinct forms. 1875 
Bennett & Dyer tr. Sacks’ Bot, ut. vi. 809 Another con- 
trivance for.. mutual fertilisation. . Dimorphism (or Hetero- 
stylism)..In one individual the flowers all have a long style 
and short filaments, while in another individual all the 
flowers have a short style and long filaments. 1888 Ro.ies- 
ton & Jackson Anim. Life 238 ‘lhe phrase sexual dimor- 
phism is used to denote the differences other than the usual 

ical ch which the two sexes..In 
[Lepidoptera] the individuals of broods appearing at dif- 
ferent times of the year often differ from one another .. In 
this case the phrase seasonal dimorphism is employed. 

e. Philol. The existence, in one language, of a 
word under two different forms, or of two words 
of the same ultimate derivation (coublets). 

1877 F. A. Marcu Anglo-Sax. Gram. 28 Where it [bifur- 
cation] is produced by a foreign word coming into English 
in different ways, it has been called di ‘ism : ration, 
reason. 

Dimorphite (daimpafsit). A/in. [mod. f. Gr. 
Bipopp-os of two forms + -1T#.] A sulphide of 
arsenic occurring in very small orange-coloured 
crystals of two different forms. Also called Di- 
morphine. 

1852 Suerarp A/in. 351 Dimorphine. 1868 Dana Alin. 28 
Dimorphite. 


us (doimp fas), a. [f. Gr. dipopp-os 
of two forms + -ous.] = Dimorrnic. (Mostly in 
Chem. and Min.) 

1832 fometen Progr. Chem.in Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1835) 
432 Sulphur and car therefore possess two forms, or 
they are dimorphous. 1850 Davneny Atom, 7h. iv. (ed. 2) 
123 Bodies .. capable of assuming two distinct crystalline 
forms .. according to the circumstances under which they 
had been brought into the solid condition .. are termed 
Set 1869 Mus. Somervinne Molec. Sc. 1. i. 16 
The diamond crystallizes in octohedrons, while graphite. . 
crystallizes in six-sided plates : ..and thus carbon possesses 
the property of being di Lussock Wild 
Flowers ii. 35 The majority of species of the genus Primula 
appear to be dimorphous. 

+ Dimorve, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dimové-re 
to move away, remove.) /rans. To remove. 

1sg0 R. Wispome in Strype ccd. Mem. I, App. cxv. 320 
You wil not dimove that evil wel placed. 1788 7rijfer 
No. ar 3. 323 It dimoves every discruciating pain from the 
stom: le 


Dimp, v. rave. fapp. shortened from DiMPLE 
v.) trans. To or , or mark with — 
Crare Vill, i they 


instr. 1. 132 Rain-d 
dimp'd the brook. /ééd. 11. 12: Ere yeta halletone patter- 
ing comes, Or dimps the pool rainy sq’ x 

ple (di‘mp’l), sé. Also 5 a@ympull.  [Evi- 
denced only from 15th c., and app. not common 
till late in the 16th: origin uncertain. Its form 
answers to OHG. dumphilo, MHG. tumpfel, timp- 
Sel, mod.G. diimpfel, Liimpel pool, but connexion is 
not historically made out. It has also been collated 
with dimdle, and conjectured to be a nasalized 
deriv. of dip, or a dim. of dint with consonantal 
change.] 


DIMPLE. 


1. A small hollow.or dent, permanent or evan- 
escent, formed in the surface of some plump part of 
the human body, esp. in the cheeks in the act of 
smiling, and regarded as a pleasing feature. 

¢1400 Destr. Troy 3060 Hir chyn full choise was, . With a 
dympull full derne, depots to se, 1588 GREENE Pandosto 
(1607) 19 Shee hath dimples in her cheekes. 1598 FLorio, 
Pozzette, dimples, pits, or little holes in womens cheekes. 
61x Suaxs. Vint. 7. u. iii. 101 The Valley, The pretty 
dimples of his Chin, and Cheeke. 1632 Mitton L'Adlegro 
30 Wreathéd Smiles, Such as hang on Hebe’s cheek, And 
love to Jive in dimple sleek. me Map. D’Arstay Diary 
4 Oct., Three letters in her hand, and three thousand 
dimples in her cheek and chin! 1813 Byron Giaour (Orig. 
Draft) ii. Wks. (1846) 63/1 zo¢e, Like dimples upon Ocean’s 
cheek, 1870 Emerson Soc. § Solit., Dom. Life Wks. (Bohn) 
III. 42 Parents, studious of the witchcraft of curls and 
dimples and broken words. = 

b. The action of dimpling. 

1713 STEELE Guardian No. 29 ? 6 The dimple is practised 
to give a grace to the features, and is frequently made a 
bait to entangle a gazing lover. 

2. transf. Any slight surface depression or in- 
dentation resembling the preceding, as a dip in the 
surface of land or a ripple on the water. 

1632 Litucow 7vav. vi. 278 Whereon (say they) Elias 
oft slept, and... that the hollow dimples of the stone was 
onely made by the impression of his body. 1664 Power 
Exp. Philos, 1. 3 Not absolute perforations, but onley dim- 
ples in their crustaceous Tunica Cornea. 1796 WITHERING 
Brit. Plants WV. 82 Upper part [of fungus] convex, with 
or without a dimple in the centre. 1801 SoutHey 7halaba 
XI. xxxviii, The gentle waters gently part In dimples round 
the prow. 1815 Guide to Watering Places 299 In a dimple 
of the hill. .rises St. Anne’s Well. 1892 J. MATHER Poems 
51 In dimples of the mountain lay The panting herd of deer. 

3. Comb, 

1874 Mrs. Wuitnry We Girls ix. 184 Her dimple-cleft 
and placid chin. 1892 A. Sterry Lazy Minstr. 80 Sweet 
little dimple-cheek— Merrily dancing. 

Dimple, v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To mark with, or as with, dimples. 

1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. ui. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 110, 
I will laugh, And dimple my thinne cheeke With capring 
joy. 1697 Drypen nei vii. 43 With whirlpools dimpl’d. 
1796 Soutuey Ball. Donica, No little wave Dimpled the 
water's edge. 1830 ‘TENNyson Lilian 16 The lightning 
laughters dimple The baby-roses in her cheeks. 1847-8 H. 
Miter First Impr. vi. (1857) 102 Here the surface is 
dimpled by unreckoned hollows: there fretted by uncounted 
mounds, 189t B. Harte First Fam. Tasajara xiii, Leaden 
rain. .dimpling like shot the sluggish pools of the flood. 

2. intr. To break into dimples cr ripples, to form 
dimples, to ripple. 

a@1700 DrypveEN (J.), Smiling eddies dimpled on the main. 
1735 Pore Prol, Sat. 316 As shallow streams run dimpling 
all the way. 1762 Goins. Cit. IV. cxiv, She is then 
em ao to dimple and smile, when the dimples and smiles 

gin to forsake her, 1x Worvsw. Prelude vi. 652 
A lordly river .. Dimpling along in silent majesty. 1851 
‘Tuackeray Eng. Hum. ii. (1876) 181 Cheeks dimpling with 
smiles. 1864 ‘TENNYSON Aydmer's F. 149 Low knolls That 
dimpling died into each other. 


Dimpled, f//.a. [f. Dire sd. or v. + -ED_] 


Marked with or as with dimples. 
a1577 GascoicNe Wks. (1587) 67 That dimpled chin 
. Burres Dyets drie 


wherein delight did dwell. 


Dimplement. rare. [f. Duprey. + -MENT.] 
The fact or condition of being dimpled; a dim- 
pling. 

1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 1. 39 And view the 

round’s most gentle dimplement. 1862 — /adse Step iv, 

here the smile in its dimplement was. 

Di-mpler. zonce-wd. [f. Dinere v, + -ER 1] 
One who ‘ dimples’ or forms dimples. 

1713 STEELE Guardian No. 29 ® 5 We may range the 
several kinds of laughers under the following heads: The 
Dimplers. The Smilers. The Laughers. The Grinners. 
The Horse-laughers. 

DP mpling, vbl. sh. [f. as prec.+-ING1,] The 
action of the verb DrweLe (usually in zur. 
sense). ‘ 

1602 Beaumont Hermaphrodite Wks. (Rtldg.) II. 700/r 
She prais’d the pretty dimpling of his skin: 1771 Go_psM. 
Prot. Craddock's Zobcide hile botanists all cold to 
smiles and dimpling, Forsake the fair, and patiently - go 
simpling, 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk., Spectre Bridegroom 
I. 338 A soft dimpling of the cheek. 

Di-mpling, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1nc 2.] That 
dimples ; that forms or breaks into dimples. 

1735 SOMERVILLE Chase 1v. 407 Ev'ry .. hollow Rock, that 
o’er the dimpling Flood Nods pendant. Map. D’Ar- 
BLay Let, 18 June, When I look at my dear baby, and see 
its dimpling smiles. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. I. 295 
A trim, well made, tempting girl, with a roguish dimpling 
face. 1844 Faser Sir Lancelot (1857) 7 With .. dimpling 
globes of nuphar netted o'er, ° 

Dimply (di-mpli), a. [f. Diwere sd. +-y.] Full 
of or characterized by dimples. 

I Tuomson Winter 83 The wanderers of heaven .. 
flutter round the dimply pool. 1727 Puitirs Ode to Miss 
Pulteney Dimply dainss\, sweetly smiling. @1790 T. War- 
TON Triumph of Isis Poet. Wks. (1802) I. 5 ‘The smooth 
surface of the dimply flood. 1884 /édustr. Sydney News 
26 Aug. 15/2 Aunt Flo's face grew dimply. 


373 


Dimps. dia/. Also g dumps. [? deriv. of 
Dim, or dial. variant of dumps, Dump s6.] Dusk, 
twilight. 

1693 R. Lype (of Topsham, Devon) Retaking of Ship in 
Arb. Garner VII. 450, I got no nearer than a mile from the 
bar, in the dimps [dusk] of the night. 1886 ELwortny 
W., Somerset Word-bk., Dumps, twilight ; same as Dinemet. 

Hence Dimpsy a. dia/., dusky, as ‘It’s getting 
a bit dimpsy.’ (Devonsh.) 

Dim-si:ghted, a. Having dim sight (dé. 
and fg.). 

156x ‘I. Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 11 b, Olde men. .or they 
whose eyes are dimm sighted. ve SEDLOE Popish Plot 
Aijb, They are very dim-sighted that cannot see through 
such Impostures. 1775 Apair Amer. /nd. 230 Our dim- 
sighted politicians. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xxix, Mr. 
Chester was not the kind of man to be .. dim-sighted to 
Mr. Willet’s motives. 1887 Spectator 20 Aug. 1116 When 
the dog gets old and dim-sighted. 

Hence Di:msi'ghtedness. 

1662 Hickerinciie Mks. (1716) 1. 278 It may seem cross 
to us .. through our short and dimsightedness. 1822-56 
De Quincey Confess. (1862) 190 If a veil interposes between 
the dim-sightedness of man and his future calamities. 

+Dimuwriate. Crem. Ods. [Di-2 2a 4] 
The old name for a (supposed) compound of one 
atom of hydrochloric acid with two of a base. 

1838 I’. THomson Chem. Org. Bo-ties 228 When we dissolve 
cinchonina in muriatic acid we always obtain a dimuriate 
-. This is obviously 2 atoms of cinchonina to 1 atom of 
muriatic acid. 

Tim (di-miari), a. and sb. Zool. [f. mod. 
L. dimyarius (Dimydria name of group), f. Gr. 
&- twice + wi-s muscle (/z¢. ‘ mouse’): see -ARY !.] 

A. adj. Double-muscled : said of those bivalve 
molluscs which have two adductor muscles for 
closing the shell. Also Dimyarian (dimi)é'rian) 
a. B. sb. A dimyary bivalve. 

1835 Topp Cycl. Anat, I. 712/2 Shells which have 
belonged to dimyary mollusks. 1854 Woopwarp Jfollusca 
(1856) 26 The cytherea and other dimyaries. 1866 Tatr 
Brit. Mollusks ii. 18 The freshwater Conchifera are all 
dimyarian bivalves. 

Din (din), sé. Forms: 1-5 dyne, 1-7 dyn, 
3.dune (7), 3-7 dine, 3- din (also 4 deone, dene, 
5-6 dynne, 5-7 dinne, 7 deane, dynn, dinn), 
[OE. dyne (:—OTeut.*dund-z), and dy722, corresp. 
to ON. dynr din (:—*dunju-s or *dunjo-2) ; f. Ger- 
manic root dun-: cf. Skr. dhiind roaring, a tors 
rent; also ON. duna fem. ‘rushing or thundering 
noise’ (perh. a later formation from the verb). 
Elsewhere in WGer. only the derived vb. appears : 
see next.] A loud noise; particularly a continued 
confused or resonant sound, which stuns or dis- 


tresses the ear. 

a 1000 Satan 466 (Gr.) Se dyne becom hlud of heofonum, 
a1o00 Sal. §& Sat. 324 (Gr.) Pet heo domes dazes dyn 
zehyre. c1z00 7772. Coll. Hont. 117 Po com a dine of 
heuene. c120g5 Lay. 11574 Per wes swide muchel dune 
Peines per dremden. ¢ 1250 Gex. §& Ex. 3467 Smoke upreked 
and munt quaked .. Ai was moses one in dis dine. 1340 
Hampote Pr. Consc. 7427 Als wode men dose .. and makes 
gret dyn. 1393 Lanc. P. PZ. C. xx1. 65 The erthe quook 
.. And dede men for pat deon comen oute of deope graues. 
cxg00 Destr. Troy 274 Sone he dressit to his dede & 
no dyn made, 1 Stewart Crox. Scot. Il. 281 To 
vincust thame with litill sturt or dyn. 1589 R. Harvey 
P. Perc. (1590) 21 A man may stop his eares to hear the'r 
dinne. 1610 Suaks. Zep. 1. 1. 371 Ile .. make thee rore, 
That beasts shall tremble at thy dyn, 1667 Mitton ?. 2. 
x. 521 Dreadful was the din Of hissing through the Hall. 
1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 509 ? 2 The din of squallings, oaths, 
and cries of beggars. 18x0 Scorr Lady of L. 1. iil, Faint, 
and more faint, its failing din Returned from cavern, cliff, 
and linn. 1848 Lytton Harold xt. vi, From the hall .. 
came the din of tumultuous wassail. 1855 Macautay //is¢. 
Eng. III, x All the steeples from the Abbey to the Tower 
sent forth a joyous din, . A 

b. The subjective impression of a sounding or 
ringing in the ears. 

16st Hospes Leviath, 1. i. 3 Pressing the Eare, produceth 
a_dinne. 1787 Cowrer Let. 29 Sept., I have a perpetual 
din in my head and .. hear nothing aright. 

Din, v. Pa.t.and pple. dinned (dind). Forms: 
I dynnan, dynian, 3 dunen, -ien, denie, dinen, 
4 denen, dennen, donen, 4-6 dyn(n, 5 dunnyn, 
4-din. [In I., OF. dynnan, dynian = OS. dunian 
to give forth a sound, ON. dynja (dundi) to come 
rumbling down, to gush, pour, MDu. and NRh. 
dunen, MHG. tiinen to roar, rumble, thunder, all 
:-OTeut. *dunjan, from root of Din sb. ON. 
had also duna to thunder, rumble :—OTeut. *dz720- 

jan. In Il. app. a new formation from the sb.] 
I. +1. gtr. (In OE. and ME.) To sound, ring 
with sound, resound. Ods. 

Beowulf 1538 (Th.) Sidpeet se hearm-scada to Heorute 
ateah, dryht-sele dynede. c 1205 Lay. 30410 Pa eorde gon 
to dunien. a@rz2g Sé. Marher. (1866) 20 Pa puhte hit as 
pah a punre dunede. a@1300 Cursor M. 1770 (Cott.) 
erth quok and dind again [v.r7r. dinned, dynet, dened]. 
1300 K. Horn 592 Pe fole schok pe brunie Pat al pe curt 
gan denie. 1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 131 To schir colyne 
sic dusche he gave That he dynnyt on his arsoune. ¢ 
Syr Gener. (Helm. MS.) 1b, He ae pe ced his houndes 
and blew his horn, Al the forest dynned of that blast. 1513 
Douctas 4éneis x1. i. 89 So lowd thair wofull bewaling 
habundis, That all the palice dynnis and resoundis. 


DINDLE. 


+b. Of persons: To make a loud noise; to 
roar, 

c1450 Golagros § Gaw., vii, Than dynnyt the duergh, in 
angir and yre, With raris, quhil the rude hall reirdit agane. 

II. 2. ¢rans. To assail with din or wearying 
vociferation. 

1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., Why should the 
ears of all the neighborhood be dinn’d .. with the Cackle? 
1786 tr. Beckford’s Vathek (1868) 85, 1 want not to have my 
ears dinned by him and his dotards. 1855 SINGLETON lirg7d 
I. 377 With never-ceasing words On this and that side is 
the hero dinned. 1872 Biack Adv, /’haeton xix. 265 Vhe 
deafening causeway that had dinned our ears for days past. 

3. To make to resound; to utter continuously so 
as to deafen or weary, to repeat ad nauseam; esp. 
in phr. Zo dz (something) 27/0 (some one’s, ears. 

1724 Swirt Drapier’s Lett. Wks. 1755 V. u. 32 This hath 
often been dinned in my ears. 1830 Scotr Demonol. vii. 
218 Horrors which were dinned into their ears all day. 
@ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) II]. 272 My own and other 
people’s cares Are dinned incessant in my ears, 1842 S. 
Lover Handy Andy i, The head man had been dinn 
his instructions into him. 1877 BLack Green Past. xxxix. 
(1878) 315 It was the one word Gazette that kept dinning 
itself into his ears. ; 

4. zntr. To make a din; to resound; to give 
forth deafening or distressing noise. 

1794 Worpsw. Guilt & Sorrow x\vi, Vhe bag-pipe dinning 
on the midnight moor, 1820 W, Irvine Sketch Bh. 1. 63 
His wife kept continually dinning in his ears about his 
idleness. 1831 J. Witson Unimore vi. 13 Steep water-falls, 
for ever musical, Keep dinning on. 1875 JowetT /’/ato 
(ed. 2) III. 228, I am perplexed when I hear the voices of 
Thrasymachus and myriads of others dinning in my ears. 

Din, dial. form of Dun a. 

|| Dinanderie (dénandar7z). [Fr.; f. Dénant, 
formerly Dixand, a town of Belgium, on the Mcuse, 
‘wherein copper kettles, etc, are made’ (Cotgr. 
1611); so F. dinandier a copper-smith or brazier.] 
Kitchen utensils of brass, such as were formerly 
made at Dinant ; extended in recent times to the 
brass-work of the Levant and India. 
| 1863 Kirk Chas. Bold 1. viii. 343 Kitchen utensils. .which 
| under the name of Dinanderie were known to housewives 
| throughout Europe, being regularly exported not only to 
| France and Germany, but to England, Spain, and other 
countries. 

| Dinar dinau1). Also 7 dina, dyna, denier, 8 
denaer, g denaur, dinar, dinar. [Arab. and Pers. 
| los dinar, a. late Gr. dqvapiov, a. L. dénarius : 
see DENARIUS.] A name given to various oriental 
coins: applied anciently to a gold coin, corre- 
sponding to the Byzantine denarius aur?z, or crown 
of gold, and to the gold mohr of later times; after- 
wards to the staple silver coin corresponding to the 
modern rupee ; in modern Persia a very small ima- 
ginary coin, of which 10,coo make a tomaun (now 
= about 7s. 6d., but in 1677 = £3. 65. 8¢., Yule). 

1634 Sir T. Herpert 77av. 41 The usuall Coine .. within 
the Moguls Territories are Pice, Mammoodees, Rowpees, 
| and Dynaes. 1638 /é/d. (ed. 2) 38 The Dina is gold worth 
| thirty shillings. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 407 And 
| 100 Deniers one Mamoody. And 20 Pise one Shahee: 

3oth which are Nominal, not Real. 1753 Hanway 7rav. 
(1762) I. v. Ixiv. 292 The toman, bistie, and denaer are 
imaginary. /é/d. 293 We always computed the mildenaer 
or 1000 denaers, equal to an english crown of 5s. /d7d. 204 
‘The silversmiths commonly make use of pieces of money 
instead of weights, especially sisid denaers of 14 muscal in 
weight. 1815 EvpHinstone Acc. Caubud (1842) L. 391 In 
towns, the common pay of a labourer is one hundred 
denaurs (about fourpence half-penny) a-day, with food. 
1841 — //ist. Ind. I1. 67, 2000 dinars were given to him 
‘to pay for his washing’. 1850 W. Irvine A/ahomet 
xxxiil. (1853) 172 An annual tribute of three thousand dinars 
| or crowns of gold. 1883 C. J. Witts Mod. Persia 63 nole, 
| ‘The merchant-class, too, use the dinar, an imaginary coin. 
.. one thousand dinars make a keran, so one dinar is the 
Tar of od. ES ; 

+ Dinarchy. Obs. rare—°. [a. obs. F. dénarchie 
(Cotgr.), f. dé- improp. for Di-2 (after d2-, d7-) 
+ Gr. dpx7 rule.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dinarchy, the joynt Rule or 
Government of two Princes. 1721 Bawey, Dinarchy, a 
Government by two. 

Dinast-: see DyNast-. 

Dinder. @a/. [app. a modification of dener, 
dinneere, early forms of DentEeR.] A local term 
for the denarii? or small coins found on sites of 
Roman settlements, esp. at Wroxeter in Shropshire. 

1778 Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Roxces/er, Peasants, 
often plough up coins, called Dinders, that prove its anti- 
quity. 1847-78 Hatuwe tt, Dinders, small coins of the 
lower mae Saad at Wroxeter, Salop. Spelt dyuders by 
Kennett. 1859 Add Year Round No. 3. 55 The dullest 
ploughboy working here .. picks up denarii, and calls them 
dinders. "1873 C. W. Kine Early Chr. Numism. 256 The 
clay disks, variously impressed, often found amongst Roman 
remains in this country, popularly called dinders. 

Dindge, var. of DinGE sd. and v. 

Dindle (cdi:nd’l, din’l), v. Chiefly (now only) 
Sc. and north. dial. In 5-6 dyn(d)le, 9 dinn’le, 
dinnel, dinle. [Derivation obscure; probably . 
more or less onomatopeeic; cf. dingle, tingle, and 
tinkle; also Du. ¢intelen to ring, and to tickle, to 
prick.or sting lightly, Flem, énghelen to sting 


as a nettle (Kilian); also F. év¢i//ant, tinging, 


DINDLE. 


ringing, tingling, /éxtoner to ting often, to glow, 
tingle, dingle (Cotgr.) ; in which there is a similar 
association of the vibration of sound with the thrill 
of feeling. ] 

1. intr. To tinkle; to ring or make a noise that 
thrills and causes vibration. 

c 1440 Promp. Parv. 121/2 Dyndelyn, tinnio. 1808 Mayne 
Siller Gun 1. 115 Wi’ that, the dinlin drums rebound. 
Tennant Papistry Storm'd 5 Dinnelin Deaf Meg an 
Crookit Mou [two Cannons] Begoud wi’ ane terrific blatter 
At the great steeple ’s found to batter. 1893 Stevenson 
Catriona 165 ‘The voice of him was like a solan's, and 
dinnle'd in folks’ lugs.’ ; 4 : 

b. ¢rans. To thrill or cause to vibrate with 
sound, ; 

(To dindle the sky =to make the welkin ing : 

1513 Dovctas d£neis x. xiv. 160 Than the Latynis and 
eyk pepill Troianys The hevynnys dyndlit [x dynlyt) 
with a schowt at anis. 184§ IVhistlebinkie (Sc. Songs) 
Ser. 111. (1890) I. 379 A steeple that dinlit the skye Wi’ a 
clinkin’ auld timmer-tongued bell : 4 

2. intr. To be in a state of vibration from some 
loud sound, shock, or percussion; to tremble, 
quiver, reel. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur v. viii, He dyd commaunde hys 
trompettes to blowe the blody sownes, in suche wyse that 
the ground trembled and dyndled. 1§13 Doucias 42ueis 
vu iv. 126 The are dyndlit [1553 dynlit), and all doun 
can dusche. 1566 Dranr Horace Avij, They made the 
quaueryng soyle To dindle and to shake again. 1814 Scott 
Wan. xliv, ‘ Garring the very stane and lime wa's dinnle 
wi’ his screeching.’ 1871 P. H. Wappett Psalm civ. 32 
Wha leuks on the lan’, an’ it dinnles. 

3. zntr. To tingle, as with cold or pain. 

1483 Cath. Angl. 100/1 To Dindylle, condolere. 
Sranyuurst in Holinshed Chron. (1587) I1. 26/1 His fingers 
began to nibble. .his ears to dindle, his head to dazzle. 1787 
Grose Province. Gloss., Dindle, to reel or stagger from a 
blow. 185§ Rosinson WaAstby Gloss., To Dindle or Dinnle, 
the thrill or reaction of a part after a blow or exposure to 
excessive cold. 1892 Northumbld, Gloss., Dinnell, to tingle 
as from a blow, or in the return of circulation after intense 
cold. 1893 STEVENSON Catriona 173 ‘Young things wi’ the 
reid life dinnling and stending in their members.’ 

Hence Dindling vé/. sd. and ffi. a. 

1578 LancHAM Gard. Health 234 Eares ache and dindling, 
put in the juice [of Feuerfew] and stope it in. 1635 D. 
Dickson Pract. Wks. (1845) 1. 87 The dinneling of the rod 
is yet in the flesh. 1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. go He 
could after a while feel it .. run along his arms to his very 
fingers ends, with adindling and pricking as it run along. 
1808 [see Dinpe 7. 1.) 

Dindle (di:nd’l, di-n’'l), 54.1 dia’. Also dinnle. 
[f. Dinpie v.] A thrill, a tingle. 

1818 Scott //rt. Midl. xxv, ‘ At the first dinnle o’ the 
sentence.’ 1858 Mrs. Ouirnant Laird of Norlaw 111. go 
It's something to succeed. -even though you do get a dinnle 
thereby in some corner of your own heart. : 

Di-ndle, 54.2 dial. Popular name of various 
yellow Composite flowers : see quots. 

1787 W. Marsnatt £. Norfolk Gloss., Dindles, common 
and corn sow-thistles; also the taller hawkweeds. 1 

BRITTEN & Horranp /’/ant-n., Dindle..(2) Leontodon 
Varaxacum. Norf. Suff. 

dle-dandle, v. [Reduplicated form of 
DANDLE v., with change of vowel, expressing alter- 
nation.) ¢rans. To dandle or toss up and down, 
or to and fro. 

c1sso Coverpate Carrying Christ's Cross x. (ed. 1) 107 
Rem. (Parker Soc. 1846) 263; Whether it be semeli that 
Chrystes body should be dyndle-danled & vsed, as thei vse it. 

Dine (dain), v. [ME. dine-n, a. F. déine-r, in 
OF. disner (digner, disgner) =Pr. disnar, (dirnar, 
dinar), It. disinare, desinare, med.L. disnare (from 
OF.). Generally held to be :—late L. type *dés- 
jiunare, for disjejiinare to breakfast, f. dés- express- 
ing undoing (Dis- 4) + 7ejvinium fast; the inter- 
vening stages being d7sj’nar, disnar, disner. 

In this view disner contains the same elements ulti- 
mately as F, déjeuner, OF. desjuner to breakfast, Disyunt, 
and owes its greater phonetic reduction (cf. aider:—L. 
adjutdre) to its belonging to an earlier period. ‘The shift- 
ing of meaning whereby disner ceased to be applied to the 
first meal of the day, while its form ceased to recall L. 
jejiininm or OF. jeiiner, would facilitate the subsequent 
introduction of desjetiner with the required form and sense.] 

1. intr. To eat the principal meal of the day, now 
usually taken at or after mid-day ; to take Dinner. 


Const. 0% or upon (what is eaten), off (a stock or 
supply). 
1297 R. Grovc. (1724) 558 [Hii] nolde panne wende 
a vot, ar hii dinede lore 
a my wil es with —_ to a 1362 Lancu. P. 7. 
rol. 105 Goode gees ani s, Gowe dyne, gowe! ¢ 
Stans Puer 64 in Babees Be (1868) 31 And whneeds-seee 
be to digne or to suppe, Of gentilnes take salt with 
i knyf. 2 Trnpace Fohn xxi. 12 
them ; come and dyne (Wycuir, ete 3¢; Rev. Vers. break 
= fast]. a 1533 Lo. Berners non Ixii. 217 They rose & 
erd masse, ynid. 4 Srenser /. Q. 4. ix. 35 His 
raw-bone cheekes.. Were shronke into his iawes, as he did 
never dine. ~ Suaxs. Meas, for M. w. iii. 159, | am 
faine to dine sup with water and bran, 
Tatler No. 104 P 1 Jeuny sent me Word she would come 


1782 Cow! 
would stare, If wife should dine at Edmonton, And I shou 
dine at Ware. 1817 Byron ley xliii, I also like to dine 
on becafi E Wks. (Bohn) 
for] how 
dines 


eed sayde vnto | 


(Sp. 
| money :—L, déndrius : cf Dt 


| to Stowe, the monument of Sir 


874 
b. Phrases. Zo dine forth or out: to dine away 


from home. 70 dine with Duke Humphrey: to 


go dinnerless. 

Of this phrase the origin is not alt 
17th c. it was associated with Old St. Paul's, London, and 
said of those who, while others were dining, passed their 
ace, or sitting in * the chair of Duke 
ke Humphrey's table’. According 
ohn Beauchamp there was 
by ig peop d to be’ that of Humphrey 
Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV (who was really buried 
at St. —, Nares says an (adjacent) part of the church 
was termed Duke Humphrey's Walk. (A different origin 
is however given by Fuller.) The equivalent phrase in 
Edinburgh appears to have been ‘To dine with St. Giles 
and the Earl of Murray’ (who was interred in St. Giles’s 


ether clear. In the 


time walking in that 
Humphrey’, or ‘at 


| Church): see quot. 1680, and — Sc. Poetry 579. 


| 41661 — Worthies, London (198), 


1577 


1590 SHaks. Com. Err. u. ii. 211 If any aske you for 
Master, Say he dines forth. {xg90 G. Harvey Four Lett. 
(Nares s. v. Duke Humphrey), Yo seek his dinner in Poules 
with duke Humphrey. 1599 Br. Hatt Sat. it. vii. 6 
Trow’st thou where he din’d to day? In sooth I saw him 
sit with Duke Humfray.] 1604 Penniless Parl. Thread- 
bare Poets (Farmer), Let me dine twice a week at Duke 
Humphry’s table. {1633 Row.ey Match at AMidn, u, in 
Hazl. Dodsley X11. 31 Are they none of Duke Pg yh 
furies? Do you think that they devised this plot in Paul's 
to get a dinner? Mayne City Match ui. iii. Ibid. 
XI. 264 Your penurious father, who was wont To walk 
his dinner out in Pauls..Yes, he was there As constant as 
Duke Humphrey.) 1655 Futter Hist. Camb. (1840) 225 
Being. sloth to pin himself on any table uninvited, he was 
fain to dine with the chair of toes Huinphrey .. namely, 
reading of books in a stationer’s shop in Paul's churchyard. 
fter the death of Duke 
Humphrey (when many of his former alms-men were at a 
losse for a meal’s meat,) this proverb did alter its copy; to 
dine with Duke Humphrey importing to be dinnerless. 
1680 Fr. Semritt Banish. Poverty 87, 1 din'd with saints 
and noblemen, Even sweet St. Giles and the Earl of Murray. 
1748 Smotiett Nod. Xand. |v. (Farmer), My mistress and 
her mother must have dined with Duke Humphrey, had I 
not exerted myself. 1835 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 
88, I was obliged to ‘dine with Duke Humphrey’, and 
content myself with a few buns. [1858 Gen. P. THomrson 
Audi Alt. 11. \xxviii. 33 To turn them all over to Duke 
Humphrey's mess.] 

+2. trans. To eat; to have for dinner. Ods. 

cx Sir Ferumb, 1277 3yf ous sum what to dyne. 
cx Cnaucer Sompn. T. 129 ‘ Now, maister’, quod the 
wyf, ‘What wil ye dine?’ 1470-85 Matory Arthur xvi. 
vili, She prayd hym to take a lytyl morsel to dyne. 

8. To furnish or provide (a person) with a dinner ; 
to entertain at dinner; to accommodate for dining 
purpos 


Lanci. Rich. Redeles 1. 60 The dewe dame 


ee: 
| dineth hem .. And ffostrith hem fforthe till they fle kunne. 


¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) Pe | 


1633 Row.ey Match at Midn. u. i. in Hazl. Dodsley X11. 
28 As much bread. .as would dine a sparrow. a1z1q M. 
Henry Jiks. (1835) 11. 674 He often dined the minister 
that preached. 181g Scotr Guy M. xxvi, An oaken table 
massive enough to have dined Johnnie Armstrong and his 
merry men. 1 Lever 4. Lorrequer i, We. .were dined 
by the citizens of Cork. 1876 G. Merenitn Beanch. Career 
II. xi. 197 The way to ge your English .. is-to dine 
him. _ Tilustr. Lond. News 4 Jane 644 The saloon is 
capable of dining 118 passengers. 

Dine (dain), s+. Ods. exc. dial, [f. Dine v.] 
The act of dining; dinner. 

c1400 Rom. Rose 6502 They ben so pore .. They myght 
not oonys yeve me a dyne. 1560 Rotianp Crt, Venus ww. 
631 That thay to thair dine suld dres thame haistelie. 1793 
Burns Auld Lang Syne iii, We twa hae paidlet i’ the burn, 
Frae mornin sun till dine. ?a1800 Fair Annie & Sweet 
Willie xiii. in Child Badlads (1885) 111. Ixxiii. 194/1 When 
ye come to Annie's bower, She will be at her dine. 

Diner (daivnar). [f. Dine v. +-ER.] 

1. One who dines ; a dinner-guest. 


1815 L. Hunt Feast of /'oets 8 The diners and barmaids | 


all crowded to know him. « Mayne Retw Scalp Hunt. 
ii, After the regular diners had retired. 1881 //arfer’s 
Mag. LXIII. 218 Dinners are far fewer than formerly, and 
the diners are chosen rather more exclusively. : 

b. Diner-out: one who is in the habit of 
dining from home; esf. one who cultivates the 
qualities which make him an eligible guest at 
dinner-tables. ne 

1807-8°Syp. Sairu Plymiley's Lett. Wks. 18: + 162/t 
He is. .a diner out of the eo el lustre, 1824 Byron Juan 
xvt. Ixxxii, A brilliant diner out, though but a curate. 1856 
Mrs. Browntnc Anr. Leigh wv. Poems 1 Vi. "4 A 
liberal landlord, graceful diner-out. 1862 Fraser's Mag. 
July 46 He was also a don-vivant, a ‘diner-out' and a 
story-teller, and a man of convivial habits. 

2. U.S. A railway dining car. ° 

1890 C: cial Gas. (Cincinnati) 29 June, One coach, 
the chaircar, sleeper and diner. .overturned. Columbus 
— Dispatch 3 Jan., A new dining car which .. is the 


rst diner. . built by that company. 

Diner(e, obs. forms of DINNER. , 
|| Dinero (dinéro). dinero penny, coin, 
TeR.] a. ‘A money 
of account in Alicante, the twelfth part of a sueldo’ 
(Simmonds Dict. Trade 1858). b. A Peruvian 
coin, one tenth of the sol, equivalent to about 4d. 


English. ‘ 
P. Ketry Univ. Cambist i. 5 Each Sueldo being 
divided into 12 Dineros, 1868 Seyp Budlion 147 The 


—- Assay Mark is .. 12 dineros of 24 grains .. for 
ver. 


+Dines, Oés. [?a corruption of DicNxssE.] 
In — By God's dines, by God's dignity or honour : 
ef. Deniz. 


| dings His horse with iron heel. 1674 


DING. 

1599 Porter A Wom, Abingd. y Soc.) 81 Giue 
me erp i ae iat wedge dering 
he ee ees ge Ld 
.. by an 
lam an Or a Wiad wot saaker eer. ae 


+ Dine a. Obs. rare. [f. Gr. dunr-ds 
whirled round (f. dé-eyv to spin round; cf. 
whirling, rotation) + -1c.] Of or belonging to 
rotation ; rotatory. 

1668 Gianvitt Plus Ultra x. 72 Of the Spots and Dinet- 
tick motion of the Sun. Oke : 

+ Dine-tical, a. Ods. _[f. as prec. + AL] =prec. 
resp tel pana eg Vv. 294 Es rom 
a i 4 1 +? 


mtg Pouss ah Piles an. Oh Theme deoeeen 
ower Exp. . Wu great 

"3 the Dinetical Motion of the Earth. 1691 Ray 
Creation 71a) 193 A spherical figure is most commodious 
for dinetical motion or revolution upon its own Axis. 


Dinfal (di-nfil), a. [f. Din sé.+-Pun.] Full 
of din or resonant noise ; noisy. 
mpet-tongued exploits 


Biackte Wise Men 31 The tru 
of dinful war. 1889 A. T. Pask Eyes Thames 73 The 
gong is beaten at quick intervals, but even that dinful 
sound is not sufficient to keep one awake. 

Ding (diy), v. arch. or dial. Also 4-6 dyng(e. 
fa, t. sing. 4- dang (5- north.), 3-5 dong, 3-4 
dannge, 4-5 dange, 7 dung; //. 4-5 dungen 
(-yn), dongen, 5-6 dong(e, 6-7 dung ; also 4-5 
dange, 4- (5~ north.) dang ; 4 (south.) dynged, 
6 ding’d, dingde, 6-7 danged. a. pple. 3-6 
dungen (-yn, -in), 5 dwngyn, doungene, 4-5 
dongen (-yn, -un), 6— Sc. dung (6-7 doung, 6 
donge) ; also 6-7 (south.) dingd, ding’d. [Fre- 
quent from the end of the 13th c. (in later use chiefly 
northern), but not recorded inOE. Probably from 
Norse: cf. Icel. dengja to hammer, to whet a e, 
Sw. ddnga to bang, thump, knock hard, Da. 
to bang, beat. In Norse it is a weak verb, and 
the strong conjugation in Eng., which after 15th c. 
is Sc. or north. dial., may be on the analogy of sing, 
fing, etc.: cf. Brine.) 

+1. intr. (or absol.) To deal heavy blows; to 
knock, hammer, thump. Obs. (or ? north. dial.) 

a 1300 Cursor M. 19356 (Edin.) Pan wip — pai paim 
suang, and gremli on pair corsis dange. ¢ 1300 //avelok 2329 
Ps leymen on lea tabour dinge. 13.. Coer de'L. 5270 Kyng 

tard sask is ax ful strong, And on the Sarezyn he 

1393 Lanct. P. Pl. C. xvi. 179 ian ex be 
aed + ne paul with his fauchon, T wolde defe: 
euene dore - dynge ich neuere so late. Sa - Merry Fest 
Mylner Abyngton 133 in Hal. £. P. P. UT. 105 With two 
staues in the stoure They dange thereon, whyles they 
myght doure. 1828 Scorr F. M. Perth xix, That Harry 
Smith's head was as hard as his stithy, and a haill clan of 
Highlandmen dinging at him? 

2. trans. To beat, knock, strike with heavy blows; 
to thrash, flog. Zo ding to death: to kill by re- 
peated blows. (Now dial., chiefly Sc. or north.) 

¢ 1300 Havejok 215 The king .. ofte dede him sore swinge, 
And wit hondes smerte dinge. /é/d, 227 Thanne he hauede 
ben .. ofte dungen. cx Metr, Hom. (1862) 71 Thai... 
dange hym that hys tale edn. c1400 Afol. Loll. 38 He 
pat bak his lordis wille, & maad him not redy to do ber 
ro schal = dongun hg ey dingings. c 1400 Desir. 
y : t er an © 1400 
Yeoaine § Gawe. 3167 With his tay! the arth he dang. 4 a50p 
Skevton Now sing we, §¢. 17 my body, Jewes 
it donge with .. scourges ge 1533 Bectenven Livy un. 
(1822) 115 He dang his hors with the spurris. 1§49 Comfpi. 
Scot. xvii. 151 He [the horse] vas put in ane cart to 
and drau, quhar he vas euyl dung & broddit. 1563-7 Bu- 
CHANAN Reform, St. Andros Wks. ow Pap Nor 3it sal 
te = to the said pedagogis. to ding t : hee: Pe. 

‘ Song of : . iii, 11. XXY, 

iis ee AL Rav WV. C, Words 14 


To Ding, to Beat. 1862 Histor Prov. Scot, 88 He's sairest 
dung that's paid wi’ his ain wand. Ramsay Remin. 
v. 146 Let ae deil ding anither. Mod. Suffolk collog. Say 
that again, and I'll ding you in the head. 

+b. To crush with a blow, smash. Oés. en 

¢ 1380 Sir Fernmb. 104, (1) wil kube on hem my ;& 
by fe en hem al to douste. 1583 Sranynurst 2) mt, 

rb) 89 Dingd with this squising and massive of 


na. 
+e. To thrust through, pierce (with a violent 
thrust). Sc. Ods. : 
1536 Be.Lenpen Cron. Scot. 1x. xxix. Vem) Scho dan, 
be with ane to pe Rate one | mm fom 
fd. XV. iX. dong row ly with ane 
suerduiien fe Sey : 
3. fig. To ‘beat’, overcome, su excel. 
[1g00-20 Dunnar Poems xxxviii. 9 Dungin is the deidly 
é vane 1734 ovge | Tea-t. Misc. (0 I. 24 
tl we Scorr av, 
Ie ding Balmawbappis out ‘and at, Hi Cheshire Glas, 
i rpass tter of a person. 
Sravinson Catriona 188 We'll ding the Campbells yet tn 
their own town. Alod. Berwickshire Prov., Duns dings a’. 
4. To knock, dash, or violently drive (a thing) in 
some direction, e.g. , down, tn, out, off, over, 
etc. 7Zoding down, to knock down, thrust down, 
overthrow, demolish ; 40 ding out, to drive out or 
expel by force. 
nk P. B. 1266 Dixzten dekenes to debe, 
dungen doun clerkkes. a rptt Tes ey ae 
He dyngis out pe deuyl fra pe hertis of his seruaunt 
set Pear te ree re ae 
poop taal 36 Bot pai ware dwngyn welle away. 1513 


dong. 


lala 


DING. 


Douctas 4@ne/s x. v. 154 Manfully .. to wythstand At the 
cost syde, and dyng thame of the land. c 1565 LinpEsay 
Pisoone) Chron. Scot. (1728) 64 His Thigh-Bone_ was 
ung in two by a Piece of a misframed Gun. @1572 Knox 
Hist. Ref.Wks. 1846 I. 204 Thei dang the sclattis of [f] housis. 
1593 NAsne Christ’s 7, 31a, The bespraying of mens 
braines donge out against them. 1 Marston Pygmad. 
vy. 156 Prometheus .. Is ding’d to hell. 1601 — Pasguil § 
Kath. 11. 4 Hee dings the pots about. 1610 B. Jonson 
Alch. v. v, Gur, Downe with the dore. Kas. ’Slight, ding 
it open. 1613 Haywarp Norm. Kings 20 The Duke brand- 
ishing his sword .. dug downe his enemies on euery side. 
1644 Miron Aveop. (Arb.) 57 Ready .. to ding the book 
a coits distance from him. 1645 RuTHErForD Lett. 357 
That which seemeth to ding out the bottom of your com- 
forts. 1 Urounart Rabelais 1. xxvii, He..dang in 
their teeth into their throat. 1663 Sracpinc 7'r0ud. Chas. /, 
(1829) 24 They masterfully dang up the outer court gates. 
1676 Row Contin. Blair's Autobiog. ix. (1848) 145 Rudders 
being .. dung off their hinges. 1686 tr. Chardin's Trav. 
67 Wind .. which if it be violent dings ‘em upon the coast. 
1785 Spanish Rivals 8 Sometimes he dings his own head 
against a post. 1816 Scott O/d Mort. xxviii, ‘ You and the 
white hae made a vow to ding King Charles aff the throne.’ 
1871 C. Gipson Lack of Gold xii, | have been .. trying to 
ding you out of my head. 1886 Hatt Caine Son of Hagar 
1. i, ‘ That's the way to ding 'em ouer.’ 
. Without extension. (In quots. zeuter passive, 
as in ‘a loaf that cuts badly ’.) 

1786 Burns A Dream iv, But Facts are cheels that winna 
ding, An’ downa be disputed. A/od. Sc. Prov. Facts are 
stubborn things; they'll neither ding nor drive [i. e. they 
can neither be moved by force as inert masses, nor driven 
like cattle]. 

+5. zntr. (for reft.) To throw oneself with force, 
precipitate oneself, dash, press, drive. Ods. 

¢ ape Sowdone Bab, 1263 Tho thai dongen faste to-geder 
While the longe day endured. rds Hymns Virg. (1867) 
122 All they schall to-gedyr drynge, And euerychon to oper 
dynge. ¢1470 Henry | addace 1. 411 On ather side full fast 
on him thai dange. 1627 Drayton 4/o0x Calf Poems (1748) 
182 They .. drive at him as fast as they could ding. 

b. To precipitate or throw oneself down, fall 
heavily or violently. 70 ding on: to keep falling 
heavily, as rain (but in this use, associated with 
beating on). (Now only Sc.) 

©1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 141 Greatt dukes downe 
dynges for his greatt aw, And hym lowtys. - 1552 LynpEsay 
Monarche 1422 Frome the Heuin the rane doun dang Fourty 
dayis and fourty nychtis, 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 
1v, iii, Wks, 1856 I. 123 As he headlong topsie turvie dingd 
downe, He still cri’d ‘Mellida!’ 1663 Renesas Troub, 
Chas. I (1829) 44 A great rain, dinging,on night and day. 

c, To throw oneself violently about, to fling, to 
bounce. 70 huff and ding: to bounce and swagger. 

1674 Ray S. § £, C. Words 64 To Ding, to fling. 1680 
New Catch in Roxb. Ball. V. 249 Jack Presbyter huffs 
and dings, And dirt on the Church he flings. @1700 B. E, 
Dict. Cant. Crew, To Huff and Ding, to Bounce and 
Swagger. 1 Farquuar Beanz’ Strat. i. iii, I dare 
not speak in the House, while that Jade Gipsey dings about 
like a Fury. 1712 ArsuTHnot Yohun Bull u, iii, He huffs 
and dings at such a rate, because we will not spend the 
little we have left, 

6. In imprecations; =Dasu v. 11. dial. 

1822 Scorr Niged xxvii, ‘ Deil ding your saul, sirrah, canna 
ye mak haste.’ @1860 J/aj. Younes Courtsh, (Bartlett), 
You know it’s a dinged long ride from Pineville. 186x Gro. 
Eutor Silas M. 85 Ding meif I remember asample to match 
her. 1879 Tourcer Fool's Err. (1883) 292 Ding my buttons 
if she ain’t more Southern than any of our own gals. 188: 

F. Smitu in Trans. Amer. Philol. Soc. 47 Ding an 
dinged, moderate forms of an oath .. peculiar to the South. 

7. Slang or Cant: (see quot.). 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Ding, to throw, or throw 
aver i, te ding a person is to drop his acquaintance 
totally; also to quit his company, or leave him for the 
time present, 

8. Arch. To cover a brick wall-surface with a 
thin coat of fine mortar, trowelled smooth, and 
jointed to imitate brickwork, not necessarily fol- 
lowing the actual joints. 

1893 A. Beazecey in Let. 21 Nov., An architect, who 
showed me the letter containing the word Dinging told 
me the verb is in living technical use. 1894 [see below]. 

Hence Di'nging vé/. sd. 

1340 Hampo.e Psalter cxxii. 3 Pat he delyuer vs of all 
temptacioun & dyngynge. 1340 — P. Consc. 7o10 Dyng- 
yng of devels with hamers glowand. cx1q00 [see 2]. 1611 
Coter., Enfonsure, a beating or dinging. ee Laxton's 
Price Book 49 ‘ Dinging (a coat of thick lime-white and the 
joints afterwards struck with a jointer)’. 

ing (din), v7.2 [Echoic. But in use confounded 
with Dine v.! and Diy z.] 

1. zxtr. To sound as metal when heavily struck ; 
to make a heavy ringing sound. 

1820 SHELLEY Gidifus 1. 236 Dinging and singing, From 
slumber I rung her. 1848 Dickens Domibey ix, Sledge 
hammers were dinging upon iron all day long. 1871 Daily 
News 20 Jan., The bellow of the bombardment .. has been 
dinging in our ears. 

2. intr. To speak with wearying reiteration. Cf. 
Din v. 

1582 in Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1842-6) III. 658 To ding 
continuallie in his eares, and to perswade him to thinke 
his raigne unsure, wanting his mothers benedictioun, 1847- 
in Hatuiwett, Ding, to taunt; to reprove. 188r Miss 

ACKSON Shropsh. Word-bk., s.v., The Missis ’as bin dingin’ 
at me.. about Bessey knittin’ the Maister a stockin’ in 
aday, 1882in W. Worcestersh.Gl. 

| Zo ding into the ears, ‘to drive or force into 
the ears’, appears to unite this with Dine z.1 and 
DIN v. : 


375 


1596 Datrympte tr. Leslie's Hist, Scot. iv. (1887) 233 
Inculcating and dinging it in the eiris and myndes of a 
1773 GotpsM. Stoops to Cong. u. iii, If I’m to have any 
good, let it come of itself, not to keep dinging it, dinging 
itinto oneso. 1853 THackeray in Four C, Eng. Lett.557 To 
try and ding into the ears of the great, stupid, virtue-proud 
English .. that there are some folks as good as they in 
America. 1879 Browninc Ned Bratts 227 What else does 
Hopeful ding Into the deafest ear except—hope, hope’s 
the thing? 

Hence Dinging v4/. sb. and ff. a. 

1820 W. Irvine Sketch-bh., Boar's Head Tavern (1887) 
139 The din of carts, and the accursed dinging of the dust- 
man's bell. as 

Ding (diy), sd.) dial. [f. Ding v.] The act 
of dinging: a. a knock, a smart slap; b. a vio- 
lent thrust, push, or driving. 

a1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Ding, a smart slap; parti- 
cularly with the back of the hand. 1876 Whitby Gloss. 
Ding, a blow or thrust; the disturbance of a crowd, ‘A 
ding an’ a stour’, a commotion and dust. 

Ding, s/.2 and adv. The stem of Dine v.2, used 
as an imitation of the ringing sound of a heavy bell, 
or of metal when struck. Often adverbial or with- 
out grammatical construction, esp. when repeated. 

1600 Suaks. 4. Y. Z.v. iii. 2r When Birds do sing, hey 
ding a ding, ding. 1801 M. G. Lewis 7ades of Wonder, 
Grim White Woman xxiii, ‘Ding-a-ding! ding-a-ding !’ 
Hark! hark! in the air how the castle-bells ring! 1808 
Mayne Siller Gun wv. 143 Ding, ding, ding, dang, the bells 
ring in. a184s Hoop 70 Vauxhall 2 It hardly rains—and 
hark the bell !—ding-dingle. 1859 Capern Ball. § Songs 
g2 Whistling and cooing, Ding, down, delly. 

§ Confounded with Din sd. 

1749 J. Ray Hist. Red. (1752) 383 The noisy ding of the 
great falls of water. 1868 Doran Saints & Sin. 1. 114 The 
Puritan pulpits resounded .. with the ding of politics. 

t aoe sh.3 Obs, Also dinge. 
household vessel. 

1594 Juv. in Archvol. XLVIII. 131 Imprimis one great 
dinge for bread iiij*, 1624 /éid¢. 150 One trunck, one ding, 
one flagon. 

Ding, Sc. var. Diener a. Ods. worthy. 

+Ding-ding. Ovs. Also ding-dong. 
expression of endearment. 

1564 BuL.teyn Dial. agst. Pest (1888) 91 He goeth a 
woyng, my dyng, dyng; and if he spedeth, my dearlyng, 
what getteth he, my swetyng? 1602 Wirnats Dict. 61 My 
ding-ding, my darling. @161r Beaum. & FL. PAilaster v. 
iv, Let Philaster be deeper in request, my ding dongs, My 
pairs of dear indentures, kings of clubs. 

Bing-dong (dindg'y), adv.,sb.and a. [Echoic.] 

A. adv., or without grammatical construction. 

1. An imitation of the sound of a bell. 

ce1g60 T. Rycnarves Afisogonus in Collier Hist. Dram. 
Poetry (1879) II. 376 [In the midst of his play he hears the] 
‘saunce bell goe ding dong’, 16x0 Suaks. emf. 1. ii, 403 
Full fadom fiue thy Father lies .. Sea-Nimphs hourly ring 
his knell. (Burthen: ding dong) Harke now I heare them, 
ding-dong bell. 1675 Drypen Mistaken Husb, 1. ii, ‘Vhe 
Gold in his Pocket Chimes ding dong. 1844 Dickens 
Christm. Carol v, Clash, clang, hammer; ding, dong, bell. 
Bell, dong, ding. a 188g Rossetti Ws, (1890) II. 343 And 
bells say ding to bells that answer dong. 

2. ‘Hammering away’ at a subject; in good 
earmest, with a will. 

1672 R. Witp Poet. Licen. 29 Their learned men will 
write Ding-dong. 1680 Otway Cazus Marius ut. ii, They 
are at it ding dong. 1719 D'Urrey Pid/s (1872) VI. 361 We 
rallied the Church militant, And fell to work ding-dong, Sir. 
1825 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange L7f% (1870) II. 207, 
I shall set to work at the ‘ Heiress’ ding-dong. 1888 EL- 
wortuy W, Somerset Word-bk., Ding-dong,in good earnest, 
vit? _ .. We in to it ding-dong, hammer and tongs. 

- 50. 

1, The sound of a bell, a repeated ringing sound ; 
a jingle of rime in verse or song; also a bell or 
other instrument that makes a ringing sound. 2 

c1560 T. Rycuarpes Misegonus in Collier Hist. Dram. 
Poetry (1879) II. 375 [The old gentleman pulls the points 
off his own hose to give them as a reward to Cacurgus, 
who calls them ‘ding-dongs *, and rejoices that some of 
them have ‘golden noses’.] 16xr Corcr., Dindan, the 
ding-dong, or ringing out of bells. 1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 
70. 3/2 Her Sing-Songs..sound as well as Country Ding- 
Dongs. @1845 Hoop Pair'd not Match'd ix, If the bell 
Would ring her knell, I'd make a gay ding-dong of it. 
1 Emerson Lett. §& Soc. Aims, Poet. §& Imag. Wks. 
(Bohn) III. 158 Who would hold the order of the almanac 
so fast but for the ding-dong, ‘ Thirty days hath September, 
etc.’? bid. 160 They do not longer value rattles and ding- 
dongs, or barbaric word-jingle. 

2. Horology. An arrangement for indicating the 
quarters of the hour by the striking of two bells of 
different’tones. Also adtrzd. 

1822 Scorr Nigel i, O! St. Dunstan has caught his eye .. 
he stands astonished as old Adam and Eve ply their ding- 
dong. 1860 E. B. Denison Clocks § Watches (1867) 170 
When there are more than 2 bells the hammers are worked 
by a chime barrel, b the ch are not g ly the 
same thing seeeatt as they are with ding dong quarters. 
/bid. 171 This may be .. made to indicate half quarters .. 
at about 50 min. past the hour .. the clock would strike 
3 ding dongs and one bell more. 

3. A term of endearment ; = DrnG-pine, q. v. 

C. aaj. (attrib. use.) 

1. Of or pertaining to the sound of bells or the 
jingle of rime. 

Ding-dong theory, in Science of Lang., a humorous name 
for the theory which refers the primitive elements of lan- 
guage to phonetic expression naturally given to a con- 
ception as it thrilled for the first time through the brain, 


An 


| 


Some kind of | 


DINGHY. 


the utterance thus called forth being compared to the sound 
naturally emitted by a sonorous body when struck. 

1792 Soutuey Left. (1856) I. 9 You complain of the bells 
at Portslade, dingdong spot. 1820 — Devil's Walk 39 In 
ding dong chime of sing-song rhyme. 1872 A. J. Etuis 
Presid, Addr. to Philol. Soc. 10 Take the three principal 
theories, irreverently termed Pooh-fooh! Bowavow! and 
Ding-dong! Ibid. 13 The Ding-dong theory has, so far as 
I know, received no other name; let us call it syaphonesis. 
1880 D. Asner tr. L. Geiger's Hist. Hum, Race 28 It has 
in England been called the ding-dong theory. 

2. Characterized by a rapid succession or alterna- 
tion of blows or vigorous strokes ; vigorously main- 
tained, downright, desperate. L7ng-dong race: a 
neck-and-neck 1ace. 

1864 Daily el. 7 Dec., A ding-dong race ensued for the 
remainder of the distance, 1870 Daily News 7 Dec., Could 
they hold the place under such a ding-dong pelting? 1879 
Pall Mall Budget 17 Oct. 22 To read the .. story of 
that ding-dong fighting. 1883 W. E. Norris No New 
Thing U1. xxxv. 224 If it came to a regular ding-dong 
tussle between us. 1883 E. Pennene-Etmnirst Cream 
Leicestersh. 333 By help of example and ding-dong deter- 
mination, . 

3. dial. ‘ Great, startling, extraordinary.’ 

1887 5S. Cheshire Gloss. s.v., I've gotten a job... the wages 
bin nothin’ very ding-dong. 

D. Comb. ding-dong-do'ggedly adv. (nonce- 
wd.), with vigorous and dogged repetition of effort. 

1870 Dickens Lett (1880) II. 439, I have been most per- 
severingly and ding-dong-doggedly at work. 

Di'ng-dong, v.  [Echoic: cf. prec. sb.] 

Ll. gtr. ‘Yo ring as a bell, or like a bell; also fy. 
in reference to persistent or monotonous repetition. 

1659 ‘TorriAno, /7xtil/are, to jangle, to gingle, to ding- 
dong, or ring shrill and sharp, as some bells do. 1837 
CartyLe ry, Rev. u. tv. i, But hark .. the tocsin begins 
ding-dong-ing. a@x1845 BarHam J/syol. Leg, Anight & 
Lady, First dinner bell rang out its euphonious clang At 
five .. and the last Ding-donged. at half-past. 1890 Daily 
News 2 Jan. 5/3 She rarely takes up a new song .. year by 
year she ‘ding-dongs at the same old ditties’, 1891 G. 
Merepitu One of our Cong. (1892) 136 You could have 
hammer-nailed and ding-donged to your heart's content. 

2. ¢rans. ‘To assail with constant repetition of 
words. b. To repeat with mechanical regularity. 

1797 T. Park Sonnets 85 Honest Ned Whose jealous wife 
ding-dongs him. 1854 W. Waterwortu Lug, § Rome 173 
Some men. .dare to ding dong in our ears the words. 

Dinge (dindz),s/. Also7 dindge. [See next.] 

A broadish dint or depression on a surface caused 
by a knock or blow; aslight hollow or indentation. 

1611 Cotcr., Bossedure, a bruise, dindge, or dint, in a 
1844 Bamrorp Life of Radical 

. dinges on the crown. 1862 
orld in Church xvii. (1865) 189 In my keep- 
ing your pride shall not even get a dinge. 1884 Cheshire 
Géoss., Dinge, an indentation. 1894 7 fmes 27 Oct. 8/1 The 
paint only 1s scratched, and there is not a dent or dinge 
anywhere else. 

Dinge, v.! Also 7 dindge. [app. a northern 
dialect word, of recent appearance in literature; 
origin uncertain. 

Possibly representing an earlier “dexge from ON. dgngya 
to hammer, bang, beat: see Dina v., and cf. s¢zge from OF. 
sengan i—sangjan. But later onomatopazic origin from 
dint seems also possible.] 

trans. To make a broadish hollow or depression 
in the surface of (anything), as by a knock ; to dint, 
bruise, batter. 

1611 Cotar., Bosseler, to dindge, or bruise, to make a dint 
in vessell of mettall, or in a peece of plate. 1869 Lovsdale 
Gloss., Dinge, to dint, to bruise, to make a hollow. 1871 
Daily News 21 Sept., Its brass scabbard is dinged and bent 
in two or three places. 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dinge, to 
indent, to bruise. (lt rhymes with Azzge.) 

Hence Dinged (dindzd) Af/. a. ; dinged work, 
repoussé work in metal. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dinged-work, work embossed 
by blows which depress one surface and raise the other. 
1885 Firzpatrick Life 7. N. Burke 1. 239 A heavy long- 
tailed coat and a dinged high hat. 

Dinge, v.2 dal. or rare collog. 
Diney a.) trans. To make dingy. 

1823 Lams Elia Ser. 1. Amicus Rediv., A suit, originally 
of a sad brown, but which .. has been dinged into a true 
professional sable. 1883 Chamb, Frni. 525 ‘ My cabin is 
rather dinged’ was the apology of the oyster dredger as he 
ushered me into his yawl. x Rutland Gloss., s.v., It 
dinges (or ?dingies) my hands sitting in the house. 

Dinged f//. a.!: see Dine v.! 6. 

Dinged (dindzd), £/. 2.2: see Dince vl 

Dingee. wonce-wd. [f. Dincuy: cf. BaRGEE.] 
One of the crew of a dinghy. 

1836 E. Howarn R. Reefer xxxiv, I ordered the dingees 
to be piped away. : 

+ Dinger. Oss. ? =Dine sb.3 

1533 J. Kene in Weaver Wedls Wills (1890) 40, Ij candel- 
styks of latyn, vj dyngers of pewter. 

|| Dinghy, dingey (digi). Also 9 dingy, 
dingee, dinghee. [a. Hindi géngi or ding small 
boat, wherry-boat, dim. of dézga. donga, a larger 
boat, sloop, coasting vessel. ‘Ihe spelling with 
# in Eng. is to indicate the hard g.] : 

1. Originally, a native rowing-boat in use upon 
Indian rivers ; of various sizes and shapes, resem- 
bling sometimes a canoe, sometimes a wherry, In 
the West of India applied to a small sailing-boat 
used on the coast. 


[Belongs to 


DINGILY. 


{x Rigging & Seamanship 1. Dingas vessels 
gael uk Seba’ hell aes & m pt 7 i 


with paddles, y have one mast .. which rakes much 
forward. On the mast is hoisted a sail .. bling a 
settee-sail.] 1810 ‘I. Wittiamson £. /ud. Vade Mecum 
II. 159 (Y.) On these larger’ pieces of water there are usuall 
canoes, or dingies. 1832 Munpy Pen & Pencil Sk. Ind. ID 
148 A little dinghee, or Ganges wherry. Burnes 
Trav. Bokhara (ed, 2) I. 15 We were met several 
‘dingies’ full of armed men. 1845 Stocqueter Handbk. 
Brit. India (1854) 185 Wherries, or dinghees, manned by 
swo rowers and a steersman, are to be found in numbers at 
all the wharfs. 185 Great Exhib. Offic. Cat. 11. 909 The 
Dingee or Bum-boat of Bombay, is a small boat, from 12 to 
20 feet in length. .with a raking mast, and a yard the same 
length as the boat. /é/d. g10 Cutch Dingee. These vessels 
are from 30 to 50 feet in length .. some of them are decked 
wholly, others only abaft the mizen mast, and a small part 
forward. 1879 F. Pottox Sport Brit. Burmah 1. 19 We 
set out on our hopeless task in a small dinghy. 

2. Hence extended to small rowing-boats used 
elsewhere: spec. &. ‘a small extra boat in men-of- 
war and merchant ships’ (Smyth Sailor’s Word- 
bk.) ; also, the boat or ‘tender’ of a yacht, steam- 
launch, or similar craft; b. a small pleasure row- 
ing-boat; usually on the Thames, a small light 
skiff, clinker-built, for one, sometimes two, pair 
of sculls, and with or without outriggers. 

1836 Marryar Midsh. Easy xi, Jump up here and lower 
down the dingey. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. viii. (1879) 169 
Mr. Chaffers took the dingey and went up two or three 
miles further. 1873 Daily News 16 Aug., Credit must.. 
be given to the scullers for even venturing out in their little 
dingies in such rough water. 1882 Nares Seamanship 
(ed. 6) 147 A dingy is..useful for landing the men. 1884 
Jllustr. Lond. News 20 Sept. 268/3 ‘They had but just time 
to get into the dinghy, a boat 13 ft. long and 4 ft. wide 

. in which they drifted nearly a thousand miles across the 
Atlantic. 1885 Act 48-9 Vict. c. 76 § 29 The term ‘ vessel’ 
shaJl include any .. boat, randan, wherry, skiff, dingey, 
shallop, punt, canoe, raft, or other craft. 

3. Comb. dinghy-man 

1878 D. Kemp J'acht & Boat Sailing (1880) 518 Dinghy- 
man, ‘The man who has charge of the dinghy of a yacht, 
whose duty it is to go ashore on errands. 

Dingily (di-ndzili), adv.! [f. Diney a. +-Ly 2.] 
In a dingy manner; with a dirty or dull black 
appearance. 

1826 Lit. Souvenir 102 This wainscotting .. looks but 
dingily. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1. 757 ‘Trowsers, dimly and 
dingily seen through the separation of his swallow-tailed 
coat. 1837 Haw Horse Twice-fold 7. (1851) II. xv. 226 
Yonder dingily white remnant of a huge snow-bank, 

+ Dingily, adv.2 Vbs. nonce-wd. [?f.D1NG v.] 
? Forcibly, as one that digs a thing down. 

arsss Puror Exam. & Writ. (Parker) 370 These .. do 
confute so dingily the sentence and saying of Floribell. 

Dinginess (dindzines). [f Dincy a. +-NEss.] 
The quality or condition of being dingy ; disagree- 
able want of brightness or freshness of colouring. 

1818 in Topp. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. 1. 208 Something 
in. .the dinginess of my dress. . struck the clerks with rever- 
ence. 1867 Trottore Chron. Barset IL. xlv. 10 A certain 
dinginess of appearance is respectable. 1888 Miss Erapvon 
Fatal Three. ii, There was not even a flower-box to redeem 
the dinginess of the outlook. . 

Dingle (ding’l), 56. [Of uncertain origin. A 
single example meaning ‘deep hollow, abyss’ 
is known in 13th c ; otherwise, the word ap- 
pears to have been only in dialectal use till the 
17th c., when it began to appear in literature. In 
the same sense dzmb/e is known from the 16th c. 
Dimble and dingle might be phonetic doublets: ef. 
crambleand crangle.] A deep dellor hollow; now 
usually applied (app. after Milton) to one that is 
closely wooded or shaded with trees ; but, accord- 
ing to Ray and in mod. Yorkshire dialect, the name 
of a deep narrow cleft between hills. 

ax240 Sowles Warde in Cott. Hom. 263 His runes ant 
his domes pe derne beod ant deopre pen eni sea dingle 
{=abyss of the sea: cf. Ps. xxxv. 6 I'ndg. Judicia tua 
abyssus multa}]. 1630 Drayton A/uses Elizium ii. 29 In 
Dingles deepe, and Mountains hore .. They cumbated the 
tusky Boare. 1634 Mitton Comns 311, 1 know each lane, 
and every alley green, Dingle, or bushy dell of this wild 
wood. 1636 James /ter Lew: At nara Dingles and 

. 14 Di 


y® Apennines. 1674 Ray N.C. Words ingle, a small 
clough or valley between two steep hills. 1757 Dyer 
Fleece 1. 134 Dingles and dells, by lofty fir embow'r'd. 1796 
Sourney Occas. Pieces v. Poems 11, 226 Seek some seques- 
tered dingle’s coolest shade. 1810 Scorr Lady of L. uu. i. 
12 Both field and forest, dingle, cliff, and dell, And solitary 
heath, the signal knew. Whitby Gloss., Dingle, a 
cleft or narrow valley between two hills, 

Hence Dingly a., abounding in dingles, of the 
nature of a dingle. 

1841 Hopveson //ist. Northmbld. u. Il. 734 Stone- 
croft burn..joins the dingly channel of the brook. 1855 
Chamb, rnd. ILI. 260 Sweet dingly dells and bosky bowers. 

Dingle (di'ng’l), v. [In sense 1 app. dim. of 
Dine v.2: cf. tingle, jingle. But in the other 
senses mixed up with dindle and tingle.] 

1. intr. To ring as a bell, or glass; to tinkle, 
jingle. Hence Dingling vd/. sd. 

ps Praep Poems {186s) II. 220 Thus north and south, 
and east and west, ‘The chimes of Hymen dingle. 1849 
Knife & Fork 16 Amid the dingling of glasses. _ 

+ 2. intr. To ring or tings as the ears with sound. 

1573-80 Barer Al. D 750 Dingle or dindle: mine eares 
ring, or dingle, tiniunt anres. 


376 
3. intr. and trans. To tingle (with cold, a blow, 


| ‘ete.). * 


owe happen to be 

» 1877 N. W. Linc. Gloss., Dingle, 

nettled mysen, an’ my fingers dingles unberable.’ 1886 S. HW’. 

Linc. Gloss. s.v., My arm begins to dingle and feel queer. 
4. intr. To vibrate with sound ; = DINnDLeE v. 2. 
1833 Scorr War. xliv, ‘Garring the very stane-and-lime 

wa’s dingle wi’ his screeching.’ [So later edd.; original 

ed., 31814, had dinnle, the Scotch form of Dixpte.] 

le-bird. [f. Dixciev.'] The bell-bird 
of Australia, Myzantha melanophrys. 


DINING-ROOM. 
Dinter soy coted wih 1888 Berksh. Gloss., 


dirt. 
a (eeageoenely? dark and dull colour or 
appearance ; formerly applied to a naturally 
blackish or dusky brown colour; but now usually 
implying a dirty colour or aspect due to smoke, 
prime, ust, weathering, or to deficiency of day- 
ight and freshness of hue; and so of depreciatory 
connotation. 
1751 R. Lioyp 
{Envy’s] chariot, drawn by d 5 
dingy car pe on 9 Sir J. ae Hist. 
nim, | smoak 
disti ¥, f in it. 1790 G. Buss th Mthelstan's Ode 


1870 WiLson Austral. Songs 30 The bell-like chimings of 
Has Poems 78, 1.. list 


the distant dingle-bird. 
the tinkling of the dingle-bird. 


ea (di-ng’l\dzeng’l), adv., sb.1, 
and a. ie . f. Dancie. Cf. Icel. and Sw. 
dingla to dangle, Da. dingle to dangle, to bob.] 

A. adv, Ina dangling manner ; hanging loosely. 

1598 FLorio, Spendolone, dingle-dangle, dangling downe. 
1611 Corcr., 77tballer..to goe dingle dangle, wig wag. 
1785 Warton Notes on Milton (V.), By dingle.. he un- 
ater boughs hanging dingle-dangle over the edge of 
the dell, 

B. sé. A dangling or swinging to and fro; 
concr. a dangling appendage. 

1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman D'Alf. 1. 240 With 
as many Bobs and other Dingle-Dangles hanging at every 
one of these. 1702 VansruGu False Friend u.i, He'll be 
hanged : and then what becomes of thee?..Why, the honour 
to a dingle-dangle by him. 1855 Cart. CuHamier Yourn. 
France, etc. 1. xi. 173 Rustic beauties, who. .adorned their 
hair with silver skewers and with dingle-dangles. 

C. adj. Hanging loosely and moving to and fro; 
swinging, dangling. 

a 1693 Urquuart Rabelais mt. 11 (Jam.) This dingle- 
dangle wagging of my tub. 1746 Brit. Mag. 294 This 
dingle dangle Figure of Gallantry that capers next. 

So Di‘ngle-da-ngle v., to hang loosely dangling 
or swinging to and fro. 

1632 Suerwoop, To dingle-dangle, tritaller. 1708 Wit- 
son, etc. tr. Petronius Arbiter 46 Purple Tassels and 
Fringes dingle dangle about it. 1 Lonsdale Gloss., 
Dingle-dangle, to dangle loosely .. said of pendulous or 
swinging objects. 

clan peta ti er sb.2 rare—', [f. Dinc-pona: 
cf. DINGLE v.] dingling or ringing of metal. 

1708 Mottevx Rabelais v. i. (1737) 2. This dingle dangle 
with Pans, Kettles, and Basons, the Corybantin Cymbals 
of Cybele. 

So Dingle-dongle v. [after Dinc-pone]. 

1859 Carern Bal. & Songs 41 The dinner-bell, the dinner- 
bell, That dingle dongles through the dell. 

Dingne, obs. form of DicNkE a., DINE v. 

|| Dingo (dingo). [Native Australian name in 
an obs. dialect of N.S. Wales. 

‘The nearest name in Ridley AKamilaroiis janghd in the 
(now probably extinct) language of George's River; in the 
extinct Turuwul of Botany Bay, the name was jaguug.] | 

The wild, or semi-domesticated dog of Australia, 
Canis dingo. 

1789 ‘Venci Botany Bay 83 The only domestic animal they 
[the Aborigines] have is the dog, which in their language 
is called Dingo. 1790 J. Hunter App, White's Voy. N.S. 
Wales Wks. 1837 1V. 493 A Dingo, or Dog of New South 
Wales, 1802 _G. Barnincton //ist, N.S. Wales xi. 430 
The Dog or Dingo barks in a way peculiar to itself. 1852 
Mounpy Our Antipfodes vi. 153 The dingo, warragal, or 
native dog does not hunt in packs. 1868 CaxLeton A ustrad. 
Nights 5 ‘The fierce dingo’s hideous eye, 1 Tilustr. 
Sydney News 26 Aug. 5/3 The. .sundowners. .are becoming 
as rare as the dingoes. 

+ Di ift (di-nfrift). Oss. [f. Dine vit 
Turirs.] A spendthrift, a prodigal. 

1 Drant Horace’ Sat. i. (R.), Wilte thou therefore, a 
drun be A ding thrift and a knaue? 1 E. Hake 
Newes Powles Churchyarde Eijb, That gallowes should 
such Dingthrifts recompence. 1624 SANDERSON mM, 
(1632) 494 The Ding-thrifts proverbe is, Lightly come, 
lightly goe. 1681 W. Ronertson Phraseol. Gen. (x 93) 1160 

e spendthrift or di pola had spent that money alsb. 
attrib, & Br. Hatt Sat. iv. v. 59 The ding-thrift 
heire, his shift-got summe a 

2. The name of an obsolete <a. 

x312 in Mem. Rifon Il. 72 Will. Pi de Rypon .. fuit 
inventor. .cujusdam ludi pestiferi et a jure reprobati, qui in 
vulgari dicitur Dyngethryftes, (1887 Academy 3 Sept. 147/3-] 

Hence Dingthrifty mal hee wasteful. 

1655 R. Younce Agst. Drunkards 3 What may the many 
millions of these ding-thrifty dearth-makers consume, 

Dingy (di-ndzi), @. [A recent word of obscure 
origin ; not recognized by Dr. Johnson. Richard- 
son (1837) says ‘ Dingy and dinginess are common 
in 5 , but not in writing’, and gives only quot. 
1790 (sense 2). If Pegge's and Ellis's word be 
the same (which from the ambiguity of the spell- 
ing mg is uncertain) it would appear to be a 
south-eastern dialect word which has slowly made 
its way into literary use. : 

Pa has been cmmeewens to ba a doe Os . = 
voured by the explanation of sense 1, given by Pegge, 
in other dialect Nossarien : but the pronunciation should 
then have been Gini Also the ly quots. for sense 2 
apres to refer solely to colour.) @: 
dial. Dirty. p P — 

© Peccr Kenticisms, Dingy, dirty. ¥ + Etws 
st nente Guide 35% What we, in Hertfordehire, call tag- 
ging a sheep .. is cutting .. away, with a pair of shears, the 


-searce warmed his lawyer's cushion. 


Victory 27 in Spec. Eng. Poetry (Y.), On the dingy sea 
[mistransl. of OE. on dinges (dynges, dyniges, dinnes) mere) 
Over deep waters, Dublin they seek. 1794 Souwan View 
Nat. IL. 374 The dingy vault, in whose profundity we were 
lost. hui Advertiser 27 Feb. 2/3 The dingy mother 
{an African woman] rov’d With eager step, and sought her 
child. 1826 Disragut Viv. Grey ui. vii, Its pl ec ofa 
dingy, yellowish white. Mag tt age Hist. Lit. 1. iii. 1. 
§ 60. 180 Herds of buffaloes, whose dingy hide .. contrasted 
with the greyish hue of the Tuscan oxen. 1854 HawTHorne 
Eng. Note-bks. (1879) 1. 358 A dim, dingy morning. 1855 
Macautay “ist. Eng. 1V. 603 Wretchedly printed on scraps 
of dingy paper such as would not now be thought good 
enough or street ballads. 1866 G. MacponaLp Aun, Q. 
Neighb. xiii. (1878) 268 A great faded room, in which the 
prevailing colour was a dingy gold Brack Green Past. 
xxxv, (1878) 280 His clothes getting dingier .. summer by 
summer, 1884 Manch. Exam. 13 May 5/2 More disagree- 
able than the dingy weather and unlovely streets without. 
b. fig. Shabby, shady in reputation. 

1855 ‘THackeray Newcomes 11.319 Doing me the honour 
to introduce me by name to | dingy acquai 
1881 H. James Portr. Lady xxi, | know plenty of dingy 
people ; [ don’t want to know any more. 

3. Comb., as dingy-looking adj. ; frequently quali- 
fying colours, as dingy white, yellow, etc. 

1774 Strance in PAil. Trans. LXV. 40 Angular lapilli 
.. of a dingy-whitish colour. 1838 T. Beare Nat. Hist. 
Sperm Whale (1839) 377 A crowd of dingy-looking natives. 
x W. Mciiwraitn Guide Wigiesiee 45 The church 
is a dingy-looking edifice. 

Dingy, var. of Dincuy. 


Dinic (di‘nik), a. and sb, rare. [f. Gr. 80-05 
a whirling + -1C.] 


A. adj. Relating to dizziness or vertigo, B. sd. 
A medicine used to cure dizziness. Also Divnical 
a,, in same sense. 

{x Puitiwrs (ed. Kersey), Dinica, Medicines against 
pL kasd 1721 Bawey, Dinicks, Medicines agai the 
Vertigo or Dizziness in the 1854-67 C. A. Harris 
Dict. Med. Terminol., Dinical, medicines which relieve 
vertigo. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. Dinic, of, or belonging to, 
giddiness, Also, applied to medicines that remove giddiness. 

ining (doi'nin', v4/. 56, [f. Dine v.+-1NG !.] 

1. The action of the verb Ding; a dinner. 

2a 1400 Arthur 142 Pere was Vrweyn pe kynge Of scottes 
at bat dynynge. 1646 Crasnaw Poems 212 Whole days and 
suns devoured with endless dining. 1815 Jane AusTEN 
Persuas. (1833) 1. viii. 268 This was but the —s of 
other dinings and other meetings. — Cartyte Fr. Rev. 
ut. 1. iii. (1857) IL. 227 Dinings with the Girondins, 

attrib, 1806 Syp. Suitn ELlem, Sk. Mor. Philos. (1850) 
332 Dining and supping virtues. 1831 Caruyie Sart, Res. 
1. xi, Dining repartees and other ephemeral trivialities. 

b. Dining-out: dining out of one’s own house. 

1861 Witsow & Geixte Mem, E. Forbes iii. 83 Occasional 
dinings out and tea-drinkings are recorded. TYNDALL 
in Daily News 2 Oct. 2/4 Faraday .. formally renounced 
dining out. : iRalg 34 o6 

2. Comb. with sense ‘ used for dining’, as dining- 
cap, -hall, -parlour, -place; + dining-bed, the 
couch on which the Romans reclined at table 
(obs.) ; dining-car, -carriage, coach, a railway 
carriage fitted up for dining on the joumey; 
dining-chamber = D1n1NG-R0oM ; dining-table, 
a table for dining at; spec. a rectangular table 
with legs at the four corners, and capable of en- 
largement by the insertion of leaves. 

1581 Savine /acitus' Hist. 1. Ixxxii. (1591) 46 Otho stand- 

ined their rage. 
the 


his "dining bed .. at - refi ¢ 
asne Lenten Siuffe (:87) 94 An infant squib of 
not half his —S or 
ig. Ree ‘ag. 
5 Jan. 240 (from Baltimore American All that is wanting 
now isa “dining car, Mod. Advt., First and Third Class 
*Dining Carriages between London and Glasgow. 1597 
Suaxs. 2 //en, /V, u. i. 153 To pawne both my Plate, 
the Tapistry of my *dyning bers. a1625 Fiercner 
Nice Valour u.i, Whata great Vie Betwixt Love's 
dining-chamber, and his 1890 7imes (weekly ed.) 
1 Mar. 1/3 A *dinin, and two passenger coaches were 
. forced through the structure. 1761 Mrs. Fr. Sueripan 
Ss. Biduiph II, 317 She asked .. why I had not been shewn 
into the *dining-parlour. 1826 Miss Mitrorp Vid/age Ser. 
11. (1863) 348 The dining parlour .. m ht pass for his only 
sitting room. 1790-1810 Wa. Comne Deo lon 2 Sticks in 
Eng. (1817) VI. 258 A Rng party in high life. 1594 
Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1860) 244 [In] the Haull, Towe 
*dyninge tables. ah S. Havwarp Love agst, World 2 
He took the seat at the foot of the dining-table. 
News 19 Mar. 7/4 A man used to make anythi 
he is asked whether he is a dining-table maker, a 
maker, and so on, 

-room (dei‘nin;rm). The room in a 
private house or public establishment in which 
dinner and other principal meals are taken, and 
which is furnished for this purpose. 


190 
inns of court, that hath 


DINING-TIME. 


1601 Hotianp Pliny I1, 481 The fashion came vp at Rome, 
that our dames had their beds couered all ouer with siluer, 
yea, and some dining rooms with tables laid with the same. 
1661 Cowey 1’v0p. Adv. Exp. Philos., College, A large and 
pleasant Dining-Room within the Hall for the Professors to 
eat in, 1681 ‘IT’. Jorpan London's Foy in Heath Grocers’ 
Comp. (1869) 547 London’s the Dining Room of Christendom. 
1708 in Swift's Wks. (1755) II. 1. 163 She .. shows him into 
the dining-room, 1856 Lever Martins of Cro’ M. 129 ‘The 
dark-wainscoted dining-room, with its noble fireplace of 
gigantic dimensions. . 

ining-time. The time at which people 
dine, dinner-time ; the time occupied with dinner. 
©1450 Loneticu Grail xii. 391 In the ost it was dyneng 
tyme, Fore it was ny noon, and passed pb® pryme. 1633 
orp ’7is Pity v. v, Now there’s but a dining-time "Twixt 
us and our confusion. 1679 SHADWELL 77we Widow 1. 
Wks. 1720 III. tat Let’s take the air, and while away a 
dining-time. 

Dinite <dainoit). Win. [Named 1852 after 
Prof. Dini.] A yellowish fossil resin found in the 
lignite of Lunigiana in Tuscany. 

1854 Dana Min. 475 Deposits large crystals of the dinite. 
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 334. 

Dinitro- (dainai-tro-). Chem. 
dinitr-). [f. Dr2+ Nirro-.] 

1. Having two equivalents of the radical NO, 
taking the place of two atoms of hydrogen, as 
dinitrobenzene CyH(NO,)o, dinttrophenol C Hy 
(NO,),0. 

1869 Roscor Evem. Chem. 409 We also know a solid sub- 
stance called di-nitro-benzol. 1873 /ezwnes’ Chen. (ed. 11) 
760 Dinitrobenzene is produced by warming benzene with 
a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids. 1892 Pad/ MallG, 
17 Oct. 7/2 Aniline colours which are positively poisonous 
+.are picric acid and its salts. .dinitro-cresol, and aurantia, 

2. Dinitro-cellulose, a substance C,H,(NO,). 
O;, analogous to gun-cotton (¢7nztro-cellulose), 
produced by the action of a mixture of nitric and 
sulphuric acids on cotton, whereby two of the 
hydrogen atoms in the cellulose C,H,,O,; are 
replaced by NO,. Also called soluble pyroxylin: 
its solution in ether and alcohol forms CoLLopion. 

Dink (dink), a Sc. and north. dial. [Origin 
unknown.] Finely dressed, decked out; trim. 

1508 Dunpar Tuva Mariit Wem. 377 Him that dressit me 
so dink, ?a1gso Freiris of Berwik 55 (Dunbar's Poems 
(1893) 287) Ane fair blyth wyf he had, of ony ane, Bot 
scho wes sumthing dynk and dengerous. 1724 Ramsay 
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 11. 200 As dink as a lady, a@r1795 
Burns ‘ My Lady's Gown’, My lady’s dink, my lady’s drest, 
‘The flower and fancy o’ the west. 1821 Scort Aeslz. xxv, 
‘The mechanic, in his leather apron, elbowed the dink and 
dainty dame, his city mistress. 1891 F.O, Morris in Morn. 
Post 25 July 3/6 The pied wagtail, running about so nimbly, 
dink and dainty, over the lawn. 

Hence Di'nkly adv. 

1788 R. Gattoway Poems 163 (Jam.) They stand sae dinkly, 
rank and file. 1871 P. H. Wappewt Psadm cxix. 32. 

Dink, v. Sc. [f Dink a] sans. To dress 
finely, to deck. 

r81zr A. Scorr Poems 132 (Jam.) In braw leather boots.. 
I dink me. 1820 Scotrr Addo xx, I am now too old to dink 
myself as a gallant to grace the bower of dames, 

Dinmont (dinmont). Sc. and north, dial, 
Forms; 5 dymmond, 6 dilmond, dynmonthe, 
g dinman, dinment, dimment, dinmond, 
dynmont, 6- dinmont. [Etymology obscure: 
the second syllable looks like ‘month’ as in 
zowmont twelyemonth, but the first is unexplained.] 
The name given in Scotland, and the Border coun- 
ties of England, to a wether between the first and 
second shearing. 

1424 Sc. Acts Fas. I (1814) 4 (Jam.) Item, Gymmer, Dyn- 
mont, or Gaitis, ilk ane to xiid. 1494 Act. Dom. Conc. 353 
(Jam.) Vijx* of gymmeris and dymmondis. 1542 W7//s & 
inv, N.C, (Surtees 1835) 119, I yeue vnto saynt cuthb’te 
guild a dynmonthe or ellis the price. 1549 Comp/. Scot. vi. 
66 The laif of ther fat flokkis follouit ..gylmyrs and dil- 
mondis. 1584 Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 18 Item at Shaudforthe 
a weather, a yowe, a dinmont, and ij lams. 1791-2 Svatist. 
Ace. Berw. U1. 155 (Jam.) When t ey are 18 months old, 
after the first fleece is taken off..they are called dimmotts, 
1814 Scorr Wav, xi, Killancureit talked .. of top-dressing 
and bottom-dressing, and year-olds, and gimmers, and din- 
monts, 1892 Northumbid. Gloss. 236 A lamb is called a 
hog in autumn, and after the first shearing of the new year, 
a dinmont if it be a male sheep, and a gimmer if an ewe. 

: Se. for do not: see Do v, 

Dinnage, obs. f. DunNaGE, material used for 
packing on shipboard, 

Dinned (dind), f/.a. rare. [f£. Div. +-ED1,] 
Assailed or disturbed with din: see Din 2. 

1820 Keats Hyferion 1. 128 When other harmonies... 
Leave the dinn’d air vibrating silverly. 

Dinnel(1, Sc. form of DinpiE v, 

Dinner (dino), sb. Forms: 3-6 diner, 
dyner, 4-5 dinere, dener, 4-7 dynere, 5 dyn- 
nere, dyneer, 6 denere, dynar, dynnor, dynner 
(Sc. dennar, denner), 6- dinner. [ME. diner, 
a. F, déner (11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), subst, use of 
pres. inf. diner to D1nE.] 

1. The chief meal of the day, eaten originally, 
and still by the majority of people, about the 
middle of the day (cf. Ger. Mit/agsessen), but now, 
by the professional and fashionable classes, usually 

Vou. III. 


(Before a vowel 


377 


in the evening ; particularly, a formally arranged 
meal of various courses; a repast given publicly 
in honour of some one, or to celebrate some event. 

1297 R. Gouc. (1724) 558 Pulke to diners deluol were, alas ! 
@ 1300 Cursor M1. 3508 His fader. .Oft he fed wit gode dinere. 
1393 Lanai. P./°2. C. v.38 Thei wolde don for a dyner., More 
pan for oure lordes loue. _1432-s0 tr. Wégden (Rolls) V. 459 
Syttenge with Oswaldus the Kynge at dyner [=v mensa], 
a31450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 26 Whos wiff that obeiethe 
worst, lete her husbonde paie for the dener. 1553 AscHaM 
in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 14 Dynnor and supper he had 
me comonlie with him. 1557 W. ‘Towrson in Hakluyt 


Voy. (1589) 116, I had the Captaine of the towne to dinner. 
1563 Win3ET Hour Scoir Thre Quest. xviii. Wks. 1888 1. 84 
Quhy 


mak 3e 30ur communioun afoir dennar, sen our 
1581 
8 As he sate in the house 
t Civ. Life 97 After dinner 
a man should sit a while, and after supper walk a mile. 1620 
Venyer Via Recta viii. 173 Our vsuall time for dinner .. is 
about eleuen of the clocke. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) III. 372 At eleven Clock this Day, I being then 


at Dinner in Edmund Hall Buttery. 1718 L M. W. 
Monrtacu Let. to C'tess. Mar 10 Mar., She gav' a dinner 
of fifty dishes of I EMERSON Traits, Wks. 


(Bohn) II. 50 Ina istocratical country like England, not 
the ‘Trial by Jury, but the dinner, is the capital institution. 

tb. 70 seek his dinner with duke Humphrey : 
see DINE v. 1 b. 

2. attrib. and Comb., as dinner-bag, -book, -cliub, 
-company, -course, -doctrine, -dress, -furniture, 
-gtver, -gown, -meal, -napkin, -flate, -roon, -tea; 
dinner-giving, -like adjs.; dinner-hour, the hour 
at which dinner is taken, the hour or time occupied 
by dinner; dinner-pair, the pairing of two mem- 
bers of parliament of opposite parties during the 
dinner-hour : see Pair; dinner-party, a party of 
guests invited to dinner; the social gathering 
which they compose; dinner-set, a set of plates 
and other ware of the same pattern for the dinner- 
table; dinner-table, the table at which dinner 
is eaten, and round which a party of guests sit ; 
dinner-wagon, a tray with shelves beneath, sup- 
ported by four legs, usually on castors, so as to be 
easily moved, for the service of a dining-room. 

1885 T. Harpy A/ayor Casterbr.i, His hoe on his shoulder, 
and his *dinner-bag suspended from it. 1854 W. WaTer- 
worTtH Orig. Anglicanisit 134 Vhis contradiction of belief 
and practice, of prayer-book and *dinner-book, has long been 
censured. 1836-48 B. D. Wats Aristoph., Acharnians it. 
vi, Involved by *dinner-clubs and debts. ¢1430 Lypc. in 
Turner Dom. Archit. II, 81 The *dynere coursis eke 
euery feste. 1649 Mitton Evkon. xix. Wks. (1847) 320/1 Far 
holier and wiser men than parasitic preachers ; who, without 
their “dinner-doctrine, know that neither king, law, civil 
oaths, or religion, was ever established without the p: 
ment. 1865 Dickens J/ut. ry. 1. ii, An innocent piece 
of *dinner-furniture that went upon easy castors. 1864 
Burton Scot Abr. I. iii. tog The one eee a “dinner- 
giving house, the other does not. 1891 7yuth 10 Dec. 
1240/2 Ecstasies of admiration over a superb *dinner-gown. 
1800 Spirit Pub, Yournals (1801) 1V. 160 You step to a 
friend's house on business, near his *dinner-hour. 1892 
Pall Mall G. 5 Apr. 3/2 That period of the evening— 
from seven to ten—which in parliamentary phrase is called 
the ‘dinner hour’, 1861 Dickens Gt. /:xfect. ii, 
*dinner-napkin will not go into a tumbler. 1894 Westy. 
Gaz. 24 Apr. 1/3 He frequently secures a *dinner-pair, and 
manages to get away from the House..at 6.30. 1815 JANE 
Austen Emma xvi, Out of humour at not being able to 
come. .for forty-eight hours without falling in with a *dinner- 
party. 1823 in Cobbett Aw. Rides (1885) I. 344 ‘The de- 
canters, the glasses, ‘ the *dinner-set ’ of crockery-ware. 1813 
Examiner 10 May 299/2 A.. greater number of persons than 
assemble at a “dinner or a tea-table. 18532 Mrs, Carty_r 
Lett. II. 162, 1am to have a *dinner-tea with them next 
Wednesday. 1895 Cata/., *Dinner wagons, three-shelf, 
plain turned pillars, on castors, mahogany, oak or walnut. 

Dinner (di'no:), v. [f. DINNER $b.] 

1. intr. To dine, have dinner: also dinner 7¢. 

1748 [see DinNERING below]. 1786 Burns Lines on Interv. 
w. Ld. Daer i, 1 dinner’d wi’ a Lord, 1818 Moore /udge 
Fam. Paris viii. 20 Where in temples antique you may 
breakfast or dinner it. ‘ : 

2. trans. To entertain at dinner; to provide 
dinner for. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 481 Hogg would have been din- 
nered tohis death. 1826 Zxaminer 337/1 Before that worthy 

overnor .. left the .Cape, he was twice dinnered, 

HADWwICK De Foe vi. 310 Harley dinnered himself into the 
Speaker's chair. 1885 Grace Steesinc Ageravating Sch.- 
girl xxxiv, I'll dinner them and I'll supper them, but if they 
want rooms .. they may go elsewhere, 

Hence Di‘nnering w/. sd. 

1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa Wks, 1883 V. 118 To think how 
Thad drawn myself in by my summer-house dinnering. 1837 

. Rev. 142 Few people are there so bored, as at the grand 

innerings of the London season. 1867 CarLyLe Remin. 
II. 143 Liverpool, with its dinnerings .. was not his ele- 
ment. 

Dinner-bell. The bell rung to announce 
dinner; usually, the ordinary bell of the house, 
hotel, ship, etc., rung at a fixed time ; also, a par- 
ticular bell used for this purpose. 

1682 O. N. Boileau’s Lutrin w. 206 For all Agree, no 
Knell Could more concern them than the Dinner-bell ! 
I Phil. Trans. UXXII. 376 Close to the chimney ..a 

inner-bell hung in a common frame. a@18s9_ L. Hunt 
Robin Hood w.v, The horn was then their dinner-bell. 
1879 F. W. Rosinson Coward Consc. 1. viii, The dinner-bell 


rang for the first time. 1887 Spectator 26 Feb. 287/2 The 
| dinner-bell would begin to ring at half-past 5. 


1859* 


DINOSAUR. 


Dinnere'tte. [sce -rrrr.] A little dinner ; 
a dinner on a small scale, or for a small party. 

1872 M. Coins /’r. Clarice 11. v. 74 He has a luxurious 
bachelor’s first floor in Piccadilly ..where he sometimes 
gives excellent dinnerettes. 

Di-nnerless, v. 
fasting. 

a 1661 Futter Worthies, London (1662) 198 To Dine with 
Duke Humphrey importing to be dinnerlesse. 1708 Brit. 
Apollo No, 29. 3/1 Such as walk'd Dinnerless the Streets. 
¢ 1820 S. RoGers /taly 9) 201 Screwing a smile into his 
dinnerless face. 1859 ‘TENNYSON /dylls, Entd 1083, I left 
your mowers dinnerless. 

Dinnerly (dinaili), @ and adv. [f. Dinner 
sb. + -LY.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to dinner. 
B. adv. Ina manner appropriate to dinner. 

1614 Corney Hits, Fits, etc. (N.), A merry recorder of 
London .. met .. in the street, going to dinner to the lord 
maior .. The dinnerly officer was so hasty on his way that 
he refused to heare him. 1836-48 B. D. Watsu Arvstoph., 
Acharnians w. iv, Did’st hear.. How cookishly, how 
dinnerly He manages his duties? 

Di‘nner-time. ‘The usual time of dining; the 
time occupied by, or allowed for, dinner. 

1371 in Britton Cathedrals, York (1819) 80 Swa yt yai 
sall noghte dwell fia yair werk in y® forsayde loge na tyme 
of y* yer in dyner tyme. 1596 Suaks. MWerch. V1. i. 105 
We will leaue you then till dinner time. @ 1627 Mipo.e- 
TON, etc, Changeling (N.), Dinner time? thou meanst 


[-ress.] Without dinner ; 


twelve o'clock. 1710 7% No. 258 » 2 We were disturbed 
all Dinner-Time by the } ofthe Children, 1869 ‘Tro 
Lopk Ale knew, etc. vi. (1878) 28 Before dinner-time a recon- 


ciliation had been effected. 

Dinnerward, toward dinner: sce -Warp, 

Dinnery (dino), a. [f. Dinner 5d, + -v1.] 
Characterized by dinner or dinners. 

a1865 Mrs. Gasket Curious if True in Gray Woman, 
etc. (1865) 83, I .. disliked the dinnery atmosphere of the 
salle &@ manger. 1889 Lowris. Lett. (1894) 11. 363 Phila- 
delphia was very dinnery, of course, with lunches and 
Wister parties thrown in, 

Dinnick, local var. of Dunnock, hedge-sparrow. 

Dinning (ditniy), 47.56. [f. Din v. +-1NG 1] 
The action of the verb Din; the making of a din 
or noise of any kind; + wailing, ete. 

13.. Cursor A, 18630 (Gott.) Was adam bidan in his bale, 
Thoru dome into pat dinning dale. 1375 Barnour Brace 
xut. 153 Gret dynnyng ther wes of dyntis As wapnys apon 
armor styntis. ¢1400 Destr. Trey 9618 With dynnyng & 
dole for dethe of hor lord. 


1814 Cary Dante, Paradise xiv. 118 


ings and Dinnings 
. a pleasant dinning makes. 


‘The chime Of minstrel music 
1859 SMILes Sed/-/fedp vi. 150 After four years dinning of 
his project into the ears of the great. 

Dinning, ///. a. [f.as prec. + -ING 2.] Making 
a din, disturbing with din or noise. 

1813 L. Hunt in Lxaminey'1 Mar. 129/t The noise of 
these dinning fetters, 1832 TENNYSON /:lednore 131 With 
dinning sound my ears are rife. . 

Dinnle, dinn’le, mod. Sc. ff. DinpLE sé.1 and 2. 

Dinny (dini), a. [f. Din sd. +-y 1] Resound- 
ing with or filled with din. 

1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat.(1852) I. 461 Sometimes my ears 
are a little dinny. 

|| Dinoceras (daing'scr&s). [mod.L. (Marsh, 
1872) f. Gr. deu-ds fearful, terrible + «épas horn.] 
A genus of extinct ungulated quadrupeds (D2v0- 
cerata) of huge size, and having apparently three 
pairs of horns, Hence Dino-cerate w., related to 
the dinoceras, as a dinocerate animal. 

1872 Marsu Amer. Frnl. Sc. §& Art Ser. 11. 1V. 344. 1877 
Le Conte Elem. Geol. (1879) 506 The brain of the Middle 
Eocene Dinoceras is only about one eighth the size of a 
living Rhinoceros of equal bulk. 1886 A. WincueLy I adks 
Geol, Field 256 Vhe dinoceras was like an elephant in size. 
It had short legs, and perhaps three pairs of horns,—one on 
the snout, one on the cheeks, and one on the forehead. 

Dinomie (doing'mik), a. [f. Gr. &-, (Dr-“) 
twice + voy-ds district + -10.] Belonging or re- 
stricted to two districts or divisions (of the globe). 

1863 Batrour Bo, § 1151 A natural family, common to all 
the divisions [of the globe] is fodynomic .. If restricted to 
two or more divisions, the groups are d/nontic, trinontic, etc. 

|| Dinornis (daing-mis). [mod.L. (Owen 1843) 
f. Gr. dev-ds fearful, terrible + dpys bird.] A name 
given by Prof. Owen to a genus of recently extinct 
birds of great size, the remains of which have been 
discovered in New Zealand ; the moa of the Maori. 
Hence Dinorni‘thic, Dino'rnithine aqjs., related 
to, or of the nature of, the dinornis. 

1843 Proc. Zool. Soc. 14 Feb, 19 A communication from 
Prof. Owen was read, proposing to substitute the name 
Dinornis for that of Megalornis, applied to the Great Bird 
of New Zealand in his paper read at the previous meeting 
.. Mr. G. Gray having previously used the term A/egalornis 
for a genus of Birds. 1865 Barinc-Goutp HWerewolves 
6 Like the dodo or the dinornis, the werewolf may have 
become extinct in our age. 1875 A. Newron in Lucyc/. 
Brit. 111. 729/2 The fragmentary cranium of a large Bird, 
combining Dinoraithic and Struthious characters. 1891 
Athenzum 14 Nov. 651/2:An extinct dinornithine bird from 
New Zealand. 

Dinosaur, deino- (doinds§1). Also in Lat. 
form dinosauw'rus, deino-. [mod.L. dzmosaurus 
(Owen 1841), f. Gr. dev-ds fearful, terrible + catp- 

48* 


DINOSAURIAN. 


os (=aavpa) lizard.] A member of an extinct race 
of Mesozoic Saurian reptiles (group Dinosauria, 
typical genus Dinosaurus), some of which were of 
gigantic size; the remains point to an organism 
resembling in some respects that of birds, in others 
that of mammals. 

1841 Owen in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 104 A remarkable ap- 
proach in the p gigantic Di to the -crocodilian 
structure. 1873 Dawson arth & Man viii. 202 We have 
thus brought before us the Dinosaurs—the terrible Saurians 

the Mesozoic age. 1885 C. A, Buckmaster Zrit. 
Alm. Comp. 193 The grotip of fossil reptiles known as 
Dinosaurs has (i been remarkable for certain curious 
resemblances to birds which it presents. } 
wrian, a.,s/. [f. as prec.+-IAN. 
A. adj. Of the nature of, or related to, a dino- 
saur; belonging to the group Dinosauria. 

1 gi DicynoponTIAn]. 1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. VII, 
216 The number of dinosaurian reptiles was very large. 
1881 G. Macponatp A/ary Marston U1. iii. 52 The old- 
fashioned horror would inevitably raise its deinosaurian 
head afresh above the slime of his consciousness. 

B. sb. A member of the Dinosauria, a D1No- 
SAUR. 

1841 Owen in Ref. Brit, Assoc. 102 Dinosaurians..A dis- 
tinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles, for which I would 
propose the name of Dinosanria. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. 
xi. (1878) 295 The Mastodon and the more ancient Dino- 
saurians having become extinct. 1881 Lusrnock in Nature 
No. 618. 403 It seems to be now generally admitted that 
birds have come down to us through the Dinosaurians. 

Dinothere, deino- (dain/pie1). [f. mod.L. 
dinothe‘rium (1829, Kaup, in Oken’s /sés XXII. 
402), f. Gr. dev-ds fearful, terrible + Onpiov wild 
beast. Alsoused inthe Lat. form.) A member of 
a genus of extinct proboscidean quadrupeds of great 
size, whose remains have been discovered in the 
miocene formations of Europe and Asia. 

1835 Kirpy //ad. & Just. Anim. IL. xxiv. 497 One of the 
most remarkable animals of this Sub-order .. on account of 
its enormous tusks, is named Deinotherium. 
Anc. World xv. 353 A pachydermatous species .. showing 
many curious points of resemblance to the Dinothere. 1880 
Dawkins Early Man 143 The deinotheres and mastodons 
.. were either dragged in by the carnivores, or swept in 
by the flow of water. 

Hence Dinothe'rian a. 

1839-47 Toop Cycl. Anat. III. 867/2 Those Mastodons .. 
manifest the Dinotherian character. 

Dinoxide, erron. f. (after d7noxzde) for Dox. 

1 . SCoFFERN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 495 Black 
Oxide (Suboxide or Dinoxide) of Mercury. 

+Divnrie. Sc. Obs. [f. Din sb. + -RY.] = Din. 

1563-7 BucHanan Reform, St. Andros Wks. (1892) 15 
Disputing without dinrie or pertinacite in contention. 

Dinsome (di‘nsim),a. Sc. [f. Din 5d, + -80ME.] 
Full of din; noisy. 

1724 Ramsay Yea-t. A/isc. (1733) 1. 66 O Katy wiltu gang 
wi’ me And leave this dinsome town awhile. a@1774 Fer- 
cusson King's Birthd. Poems (1845) 2 The hills .. would 
echo to thy dinsome rout. 1786 Burns Scotch Drink xi, ‘Vill 
block an’ studdie ring an’ reel Wi’ dinsome clamour. 1876 
Brackie Songs Relig. & Life 112 The stir Of dinsome life. 


Dint (dint), sb. Forms: 
(%), 4-6 dynt(e, 6 dinte, 3- dint. 


[OE. 


1847 ANSTED | 


1 dynt, 2-4 dunt | 


dynt, cogn. with ON. dyntr, dyttr in same sense ; | 


cf. Sw. dial. dunt. Not recorded in the other Teut. 
langs. See also Dent sé.! and Dunt. Sense 3 is 
manifestly influenced by zdent¢ and its family. ] 

+1. A stroke or blow; esf. one given with a 
weapon in fighting, etc.; =Dent sb.1 1. Ods, or 
blending with 3. 

fey K, AEcFrep Gregory's Past, xlv. 338 Ac ondraden 
him done dynt swe nea! pe noht to gode ne dod, c¢gs50 
Lindisf. Gosp. John xviii. 22 An... Sara Sezna salde dynt 
mid honde uutearde 3am helende. c117§ Lam. Hone. 
153 Pe duntes bod uuel to kepen. ¢ 1200 Gen. 4290 Purrh 
_ Adamess gilltes dinnt Wass all mannkinn_purrhwundedd. 
ax225 Ancr. R. 60 Sweordes dunt is adunriht ..vor sweord 
..31f8 deades dunt. ax1300 Cursor M. 20990 Hefdid he 
was wit dint o suord, ¢ 1320 Cast¢. Love 1161 Such beo be 
duntes of batayle. ¢1475 Kau/ Cotljear 514, 1 sall dyntis 
deill, quhill ane of vs be deid. 1555 Avr. Parker /s. Ixxxix, 
Thou hast whole stynt hys weapons dynt. 1697 Drevpen 
Virg. Georg. wi. 576 With dint of Sword, or pointed Spears. 
1791 Cowrer //iad xvit. 676 From the dint Shield me of 
dart and spear, 1837 Cartyie /r, Rev, IIL. 1. i, (1848) 16 
‘The‘dints and bruises of outward battle. 

b. The stroke of thunder; = Den sd.1 1b. 

1374 Cuaucer 7roy/us v. 1505 How Cappaneus pe proude 
wit Seder dynt was slayn. ¢ 1386 — Wife's Prol. 276 
With wilde thonder ps and firy leuene Moote thy welked 
nekke be to-broke, Fatrrax 7asso x1. xxxi. 201 Like 
thunders dint or lightnings new. 1808 Scorr Marmion 1. 
xxiii, The Mount, where Israel heard the law ‘Mid thunder- 
dint, and flashing levin. 

2. The dealing of blows; hence, force of attack, 
assault, or impact (/¢. and fig.) ; violence, force, 
attack, impression. Now rare exc. as in ¢. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 70 If he wild it wynne 
with dynt, als duke hardie. 1§13 Bovoras Eneis uu. x. 63 
‘The auld waiklie but force or dynt A dart did cast. 1530 
Lynpesay Jest. Papyngo 355 Quho clymith moist hey 
moist dynt hes of the wedder. 1579 Srenser Sheph. Cad. 
Nov. 104 Such pleasaunce now displast by dolors dint. 160% 
Suaxs. Fud. C. m. ii, 198, 1 perceiue, you feele The dint 
of pitty, 1687 Drypen Hind & P. ut. 200 But dint of 
argument is out of place. 1748 J. Mason Alocut.7 Me- 
chanical Minds .. affected with mere Dint of Sound and 
Noise. 1770 Gotpsm, Mise. Wks, (1837) I11. 420 He had 


378 


gone as far..as the mere dint of parts and application 
could go, 1845 R. W. Hami.ton Pop. Educ, vi. 126 (ed. 2) 
Their soul gathered all dint and courage. 

+b. phr. By dint of sword: by attack with 
weapons of war; by force of arms, Oés. 

Ranging from the literal sense as in 1, to the vague use inc. 

@ 1330 Koland & V.10 Alle the londes that were in Spayne, 
With dint Of swerd wan Charlmain. ¢ 1440 Gesta Kom. 
xvii. 330 (Add. MS.) The sones .. goten mekell good ~4 
dynte of swerd. 1 Houmsnep Chron. M11. 1178/1 

ith the dint of sword The hand of bondage brast. 1602 
Dekker Satiromastix Wks. 1873 1. 242 You have put all 
Poetrie to the dint of sword. Butter Mud. 1. 11. 248 
He .. by his Skill No less than Dint of Sword, cou'd kill. 
1728 Morcan Algiers II. iv. 262 Even now they [Turks] 
maintain what they have by mere Dint of Sabre. 

e. Hence By (the) dint of: by force of ; by means 
of (with implication of vigour or persistence in the 
application of the means). (The current idiow.) 

{1597 see Dent sé.' 3.) 

1664 Butter //ud. 11. 1. 291 Chace evil spirits away by 
dint Of Cickle, Horse-shoe, Hollow-flint. 1685 Corron tr. 
Montaigne (1877) 1. 36 Subdued by .. dint of valour. 1712 
Appison Spfect. No. 411 ® 7 Pleasures of the Fancy. .which 
are worked out by Dint of Thinking. 1764 Gotpsm. ///sf. 
Eng. (1772) 11. 102 Tallard..had risen by the dint of merit 
alone. 19771 SmotLerr Hanph. Cl. (1815) 159 By dint of 
cross-examination, I found he was not at all satisfied. 1 
Scorr ¥rul. 25 Dec., By dint of abstinence .. 1 passed a 
better night. 1871 L. Srernen Playgr. Europe ii. (1894) 
65 Schiller endeavours to give the local colour .. by dint of 
inserting little bits of guide-book information. 1878 BrowNInG 
La Saisiaz 29 We..Earned, by dint of failure, triumph. 

+d. Under, within (etc.) the dint of: exposed 
to, or within the reach or range of assault of. Cf. 
Dent s6.1 2b. Obs. 

1577-87 Howinsuep Chron. II. 23/2 Sparing none that 
came under their dint. 1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. li. 
275 He that comes within the dint on’t [noysom_ breath] 
dies. 1640 A. Harsnet God's Summ. 383 We shall be out 
of the Dint of many a Tentation. a1734 Nortu /xam. 
1. iii. § 71 (1740) 175 Standing in the Dint of an Air, that 
was .. sure to blast him. 

3. A mark or impression made by a blow or by 
pressure, in a hard or plastic surface; an indenta- 
tion; =Dent sé.1 4. (Also fig.) 

1590 Srenser F.Q.1. i. 1 Ycladd in mightie armes and 
silver shielde, Wherein old dints of deepe woundes did 
remaine. 1612 Bainstey Lud. Lit. 47 The very little ones 
..may make some secret markes .. with some little dint 
with their naile. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 46 Make the 
cut smooth and even... without dints or ridges. 1700 
Drypven Fables, Pygmalion 32 Afraid His hands had made 
a dint. 1818 Byron aero 17 Nor dint of hoof, nor 
print of foot, Lay in the wild luxuriant soil. 1847 S. Wit- 
perrorce in Life & Lett. I. 402 The single opportunity of 
making..a dint ina character. 1856 Mrs. Browninc A wr. 
Leigh u. 927 Beside her bed Whose pillow had no dint. 

Dint (dint), v. [ME. dynt-, diint-, dint-en, f. 
Dint sé. Not recorded in OE. ; cf. Icel. dynta to 
dent, Sw. dial. dunta to strike, shake; and see also 
Dent v. and Dunt. 

+1. trans. To strike, beat, knock. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor AM, 4302 (Cott.) To bi dint of his mangonele. 
1300 //avelok 2448 He[ f/.]..dunten him, so man doth bere, 
Andkestehim onascabbed mere. a1400 Leg. Rood (1871) 138 
Wib sharpe nayles dunted and drive. 1596 Spenser 7. Q. 
vi. x. 31 His wounds worker, that with lovely dart Dinting 
his brest had bred his restlesse paine. a1649 Drum. or 
Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 50/2 Ye, who with gawdy wings 
and bodies light Do dint the air. 

+b. intr. or absol. Obs. 

c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 234 In alle this warld .. 
Is none so doughty as I, the best, ghtely dyntand on 
mule and on stede. 

+2. intr. To make a dint or impression 77 some- 
thing; =Dent v. 4. Obs. rare. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxiv. (1495) 648 Yf the 
fynger dynteth in therto and finde it neshe. 1990 Spenser 

.Q.1, viii. 8 The ydle stroke..So deepely dinted in the 
driven clay, That three yardes deepe a furrow up did throw. 

3. ¢rans. To mark or impress with dints; to make 


a dint or dints in. se : 

x Br. Haut Sat, 1 Let floor with horned 
aoe hoofs Be dinted and defied every morn. 
Futter Holy War w. i. (1647) 167 This Emperour's heart 
was. .furrowed, dinted, and hollowed at last. 1812 Byron 
Ch, Har. 1. xiix, Wide scattered hoof-marks dint the 
wounded ground. x Loner. Gold. Leg. m, (Street in 
Strasburg), He dints With his impatient hoofs the flints. 

b. To impress or drive in with force. 

1631 T. Powett Tom All Trades 142 The scars which 
my unthriftines hath dinted upon their fortunes. 1826 J. 
Wane Noct. Ambr. Wks, 1855 1. 232 ‘ Dinna dint the pint 
o' your crutch into my instep, Mr, North.’ 1855 Tennyson 
Maud 1. ii, A body was found. . Mangled, and flatten’d, and 
crush'd, and dinted into the ground, 

+4. To take the sharp edge off; to reduce the 
acrimony of (corrosive liquids). Ods. 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chymt. 27 Those corrosive fret- 
ting, pontick, and acid jw +. are I say dinted, softned 
and sweetned. Jdfd. 101 waters of the spaw may .. 
help to dint the eR - 

ence Di-nted, Di-nting f//. ~~ 

1566 Dranr //orace’ Sat. viii. E vb, he wi t- 
re axe is hewed rounde aboute, 1579 Poor Knt.'s Pallace, 

o feare foe death, 1596 Spenser /. O. Pa They 
do impress Deep dinted furrows in the batter’d mai 
Davoen Mnebs | :), Deep dinted wrinkles on her ch 
she draws. Marm, vi. xxviii, With dinted 
shield, and helmet beat. a@ 1881 Rosser: Nose Mary iii. 
142 On either hand There hung a dinted helm and brand. 


. 


DIOCESAN. 


Dintless (dintlés), a. [f. Din sd. + 
Without a dint or dints. 


-LESS.] 


ES rip me Pig tig apes 
1 AER id u. Eiij, On hi it hit, 
where i ~y ‘Trae Comm. 1 Thess. 


w down it hyng. 1647 
iii. 4 Darts fore-seen are dintlesse. Biacxie in Blackw, 
Mag. LXII. 238 Dintless the missile hail is pour'’d. 
— has, = receives, no dint. 
uskin Mod. Paint. V. vi. x. 4 Veiling 
hushed softness its dintless an wht oo = 
3. dial. See quot., and cf. Din sb. 2. 
Cumbld. Gloss., Dintless, \acking in energy. 

+ umerate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. ppl. stem 
of L. dinumerare to count over one by one, reckon 
up, f. di-, dis- apart, separately + mumerare to 
number.) vans. To number one by one. 

1721 Baitey, Di ate, to A or Numb 

+ Dinumerately, adv. Obs. rare. [f. *di- 
numerate, ad. L. dinumerat-us reckoned up, enu- 
merated (see prec.) +-LY2.] By separate enumera- 
tion; one by one. 

1668 H. More Div, Dial. u.v, I had not dinumerately 
and articulately mustered up. .the icular Arguments. 

Dinumera‘tion. [ad. L. dinumeration-em, 
n, of action from dimumerdare: see DINUMERATE.] 

1. ‘ The act of numbering out one by one’ (Ash). 

1626 CockeraM, Dinumeration, numbring or reckoning. 
1721 in Baitey. 1755 Jounson, Dinumeration, the act of 
numbering out singly. 

2. XAet. Enumeration ; = APARITHMESIS. 

|| Dinus (dai-nds). Path. [mod.L., a. Gr. dives 
whirling, vertigo.] Dizziness, giddiness, vertigo. 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dinus .. a giddiness or swim- 
ming of the Head, a Disease otherwise call'd Vertigo. 1775 
in Asn. In mod. Dicts. 

Diobely (deiebéli). [ad. Gr. dmBedia an 
allowance of two obols, f. &- twice + 680A-ds obol.] 
An allowance of two obols to each citizen during 
the Athenian festivals. 

1849 Grote Greece u. lxii. V. (1862) 421 The disbursement of 
the Diobely .. on occasion of various religious festivals. 
1852 /bid. 1. 1xxv. IX. 526 A portion of the money. .wasem- 
ployed in the distribution of two oboli per head, called the 
diobely, to all present citizens. 

Diobol (daijou-byl). NMumism. [ad. Gr. &iaBor- 
ov, f. &- (Di-#) twice + dBod-ds OBoL.] A silver 
coin of ancient Greece equal to two obols. 

1887 B. V. Heap Hist, Numorum 36 The well-known 
type of the Tarentine diobol, Herakles strangling the lion, 
recurs on diobols of Arpi, Czlia, Rubi, and Teate, /did., j 
‘The currency of Apulia .. consisted .. of silver diobols and 
didrachms of Tarentum. 

Dio'cesal, a. rare. [f. Diocese + -au.] Of 
or relating to a diocese. 

1880 Libr. Univ. Kuow?, 11, 281 His diocesal functions 
being afterwards extended over New Hampshire. ; 

Diocesan (deij’s/sin), a. and sb. Also 5-6 ; 
dy ocesan(e, 6 diocesain, dyocysen, 7 diocesane, 
dicecesan. [Formerly dyocysen, diocesain, a. F. 
diocesain (15th c.), f. diocise, diocese: see -AN 1, 
and cf. med.L. diacésénus (1311 in Du Cange); 
the regular L. f. déacés’s (Diocese) would be 
diacésianus: cf. OF. dyocestien (1332 in Godef. 
Suppl.), and see DIocestan.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to a diocese. 

1450-1530 Alyrr. our Ladye 7x Wythout lycense of 
byssh: d Row Hist. Kirk 
That office Tf a dhoceina Lord Bish ee un . ee) 
unlawfull, 1640 Br, Hatt “fise. Ep. , Either the 

Dicecesan i 1712 Pripraux 


publike, or my own 
Direct. Ch.-Wardens (ed. 4) 104 Théir Business .. was to 
attend Diocesan Synods, Hsp Feruson & Reeve Srittany 
279 The old diocesan town of . 1894 Athenaeum 5 Mav 
572/2 The first bishops of Ireland were not diocesan. r 
authority seems to have been concurrent, and only limited 
by the ocean. 

B. sb. 1, He who is in ch of an ecclesias- 


of a diocese. 


— 7 


the 


. 1765 T. 
Hurcuinson /ist. Mass, 1. iv. 418 They be 
pm ae. Bisn rok mote Test 
TEPHENS S, Sax. Diocese, ‘on c 
of prelates who were rather than diocesans. 
2. One of the clergy or people of a diocese. 
1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. vii. 187 These 
ins, these curates. More 


chyld .. or the bishop 
Fardle Facions i. xii. 283 
then gouerne their Clergie, 


their owne p 1 M Algiers Il. v. 317 
‘Titular Prelates. . very unlikely ever to visit their Diocesans 
in partibus Infidelium., 1821 Lame Elia Ser. 1. Valentine's 


day, Faithful lovers. .content to rank themselves humble 
di old i Lowett Lett. 


iocesans of Bishop V: 
1894) I. so Latimer. .said..that the devil ee the faithful- 

of bi: . .His diocesans, too, are no whit less zealous. 
Hence Dio’cesanist, an advocate of a diocesan ~ 


system. 
3887 Ch. O. Rev. XXIII. 347 The desire of the Diocesanist 
leaders. .to introd: ag, 


DIOCESE. 


Diocese (daidsés, -sts). Forms: a. 4-6 dio-, 
dyocise, -cyse, 5-6 -cis, (diecise, dyosys), 6 Sc. 
«diosise. 8. 5-7 diocesse, 6-7 dioces, 6-9 dio- 
cess, (5 diosses, 6 dioses, dyoces, dyesses). y. 
6- diocese (6 dicecese), 5. (Sc.) 5-6 dyocye, -cie, 
6 diocye, dy-, diosie, dioesie, 6-diocie. «. 5-6 
dio-, dyocesy, -sie, 6 dioceesie. [ME. docise, 
etc., a. OF, dioctse (diozcise, 13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
ad. med.L. dzocésts, for L. déacéstis a governor's 
jurisdiction, a district, in later eccl. L. a bishop’s 
jurisdiction, a diocese, a. Gr. 5:ot«nors, orig. ‘ house- 
keeping’, hence ‘management, administration, 
government, the province of a (Roman) gover- 
nor’, and in Byz. Gr. ‘a bishop’s jurisdiction, 
a diocese’, f. d:oucé-erv to keep house, to manage, 
administer, govern, f, &-, ia- through, thoroughly 
+ oixé-ev to inhabit, occupy, manage. Under 
Latin influence at the Renascence, the form lecame 
in Fr. and Eng. déoces; whence, for phonetic 
reasons, in Fr. dzocése, in Eng. dtocesse, diocess. 
Diocess was the classical English type from the 
16th to the end of the 18th c.; it was the only 
form recognized by Dr. Johnson and the other 
18th c. lexicographers, and was retained by some 
(notably by the 7?#es newspaper) in the 19th c., 
in which, however, adzocese (as in Fr.) has become 
the established spelling. In Scotch, dzocis(e, lost 
the terminal:s in the singular, and was reduced to 
diocie, diocy. The Gr.-L. word was also indepen- 
dently adapted as dio‘cesy, -ie: cf. paralysis, ¥. 
paralysie, palsy. (Cf. Pr. dtocesa, diocest, Sp. 
dto'cesis, Pg. diocese, It. dio-cest, -cese.)] 

+1. Administration, dominion, rule. Sc. Ods. 

1 Datrynmpte tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. x. 272 Barounis 
and Nobles of the Lenox, and diosie of Ramfrwe [détione 
Ram roa). Ibid. x. 317 Monie men of weir cum be sey 
esilie..and subiected the toune lychtlie to thair authorietic 
and diosie, na man resisteng. | 

2. A district or division of a country under 
a governor; a province; esf. one of the provinces 
into which the Roman empire was divided after 
Diocletian and Constantine. Ods. exc. L/ist. 

1494 Fasyan Chrov. vu. 518 The Kyng of Englande, to 
haue..the cytie of Lymoges, y* cytie of Caours, wt all the 
dyocis of y® sayd cyties belongynge. 1525 Lp. BerNers 
Froiss. U1. clxxxiv. [clxxx.] 556 To enioy styll peasably all 
that euer they were as then in possessyon of in Acquytayne, 
and nyne dyoces to be quite delyuered. 1601 HoL_ianp 
Pliny I. 98 The diocesse Arsinoetis, in the Lybian coast. 
1671 L. Appison WW. Barbary ii. (T.), Wild boars are no 
rarity in this diocess, which the Moors hunt and kill in 
a manly pastime. 1741 MippLeton Cicero I. vi. 551 Cilicia 
..this Province included also Pisidia, Pamphilia, and three 
Dioceses, as they were called, or Districts of Asia. 1781 
Grspon Decd. § F. 11. 36 The civil government of the empire 
was distributed into thirteen great dioceses, each of which 
equalled the just measure of a powerful kingdom. 

3. Lcci. The sphere of jutisdiction of a bishop ; 
the district under the pastoral care of a bishop. 
(The earlier and ordinary sense in English.) 

a, ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5773 Toa dyocise 
langed a cite, & ordened paroschens for to be. ¢1380 
Wycuir Is. (1880) 85 3if prestis wolen seie here masse & 
techen pe gospel in a bischopis diocise. ¢ 1386 CHaucer 
Prol, 664 In daunger hadde he at his owene gise The 
yonge girles of the diocise. 1483 Cath, Ang, 100/2 A 
diocis, diocesis. a1 More IWks, 231 (R.) He walked 
about as an apostle of the Deuill.. & had in euery diocyse 
a dyuerse name. 1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 127 Wyth- 
out examynatyon or sentence gyuen in the Dyosys. 1596 
Datrympce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 449 on of the 
Clergie..war callit..of the maist notable, Johone Leslie .. 
ffirst estemet Juge of the diosise, primat als of the same. 
Bla 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. ccvi. 218 In the diocesse of Mag- 

urgh. 
Humber shuld be the begynnynge of his diosses. 1548 
Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 30 The Deuyl. .is the moste dyli- 
gent preacher of al other, he is neuer out of his dioces. 
1 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 93 Alle the parich 
churches of the dioses of London. a 1600 Hooker £ecé. 
Pol, vit. viii. § 3 The local compass of his authority we 
term a diocess. 1641 Mitton Reform. 1. (1851) 32 For one 
Bishop now in a Dioces we should then have a Pope in 
every Parish. 1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. 1. 27 
Austin forbad that [¢. e. the translation] of Jerom to be Sik 
in his Diocesse. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng. 11. xxviii. 135 Fox, 
bishop of Winchester. . withdrew himself wholly to the care 
of his diocess, 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. 1. wv. 384 
Serenus ordered .. that they should be removed from. his 
diocess. 1867 Times 26 Nov., (Leading Art.) A bishop 
must needs have great influence in his diocess. 1868 R. 
Artuur Arnotp in Times 8 Jan., There would be no 
sufficient plea for the maintenance of a bishop in that 
diocess. 

y- 1528 More Dyalogue 1. Wks. 120/2 Any bishop..within 
his diocese. 1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. vi. 
89 b, Parishes to Curates and Dioceses to Byshoppes. 1614 
SELDEN 7itles Hon. 301 Vnder the Diocese of Chichester. 
1765-9 BLackstone Comm. (1793) 477,An arch-deacon hath 
an ecclesiastical jurisdiction, immediately subordinate to 
the bishop, throughout the whole of his diocese, or in some 
geicnics part of it 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 283 

eports were laid before him from all the dioceses of the 
realm. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. I. iv. 341 The bishops 
had settled. .that each diocese should make its own arrange- 
ments. 

8. ¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 172 Glaskow thai gaif.. To 
dyocye in Duram to commend. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 
11. 34 Of Eborak all in the dyocie. 1552 Asp. Hamitron 


Ibid. vi. ccxxi. 244,Y* the farther brynke of | 


379 


Catech. (1884) 3 Within our awin Diocye. 1596 DALryMrLe 
tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 266 That tyme in the dicesie of 
S. Androis was done na kynde of diuine seruice. 1637-50 
Row Hist. Kirk, Three Presbyteries .. to make up a jag 
vinciall Synode and a Diocie, and everie Provinciall Synod 
shall appoynt the place of the nixt Synod within that same 
Diocie. Sc. Prov. Ramsay Remin, (1870) v. 146 The deil’s 
a busy bishop in his ain diocie. 

€. ©1428 WyNnTouN Cron. vu. ix. 542 In all pe kyrkis halyly 
Of Abbyrdenys Dyocesy. 1562 Win3et Last Blast Trompet 
Wks. 1888 I. 43 In euery diocesie and parochin. 1580 Wid/s 


| 


i 
| 


§& Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 428 Wythin the dioccesie of © 


Durham. 
b. ¢ransf. and fig. 

1616 S, Warp Coale fr. Altar (1627) 14 True zeale loues 
to keepe home, studieth to bee quiet in other mens Dioces. 
@1631 Donne Poems (1650) 99 Haile Bishop Valentine, 
whose day this is, All the Aire is thy Diocis. a 1635 Cor- 
BET Poems (1807) 18 Their plays had .. A perfect diocess of 
actors Upon the stage. 1644 Mitton Divorce (ed. 2) 11. 
xxi. 75 he causes .. reside so deeply in the .. affections of 
nature, as is not within the diocese of Law to tamper with. 
1822 Lama E/ia Ser. 1. Artif. Com. Last Cent., I am glad 
for a season to take an airing beyond the diocese of the 
strict conscience. 1891 Mortry in Daily News 10 Dec. 
3/2 To go about, as my friend does, through the whole of 
what ‘I may call his diocese of those northern counties, 
and breathe out Liberalism, . 

Hence Di-‘oceseless a., without a diocese ; + Dio- 
cesener, one who belongs toa diocese ; = DIOCESAN 
sb. 23 Dioce'siarch, the ruler of a diocese; 
+ Di‘ocesser = DI0CESAN sd. 1. 

1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. 111. 173. A dioceseless 
bishop. a@1626 Bacon Case of /ost-nati Wks. (Ellis & 
Spedding) VII. 657 They say this unity in the bishop or 
the rector doth not create any privity between the parish- 
ioners or dioceseners, more than if there were several bishops, 
or several parsons, 1805 W. T'AyLor in Monthly Mag. 

. 512 Diocesan properly means ‘belonging to the dio- 
cese’. In English this word is applied oddly to the diocesi- 
arch, or chief of the diocese. 1606 Warner «ld, Eng. xiv. 
xci. 370 More than be Conuocations now Diocessers were 
stout. 

+ Dioce’sian, a. and sd. Obs. [f L. type 
diacésian-us, f£. diacésis, in OF. dyocestien: see 
Diocrsan, which is a less regular formation.]— 
Diocesan a. and sé. 

1686 J. Serceanr Hist, Monast. Conventions 49 If the 
Diocesian refuse to give Ordination. 1715 M. Davies 
Athen. Brit. 1. 131 The Clergy. .of his Diocesian City. 

Diocess, -cise, earlier forms of Diocese. 

+ Di-octahe-dral, «. Crystal. Obs. [Di-2 1+ 
OcraHEDRAL.] Bounded by twice eight planes ; 
i.e. having the form of an octahedral prism with 
tetrahedral summits. 

1805-17 R. Jameson Char. A/in, (ed. 3) 204 Di-octahedral 


topaz. 

Diode (daiond), a. Lilectr. Telegr.  [mod.f. 
Gr. &-, (Di- 2) twice, doubly + 650s way.]  /z¢. Of 
two ways: applied by Mr. Preece to a mode of 
working, which converts a single telegraphic wire 
into two ways or ducts for signalling messages, 
without reference to direction; one application of 
the multiplex system of working. 

1886 W. H. Preece in ¥rad. Soc. Teleg. Engineers XV. 
231 A mode [of working] by which two messages are 
practically sent at the same time will be diode working. 

|| Diodon (dai-ddyn). Zool. [mod.L., f. Gr. type 
*8.d80v doubly-toothed (sc. @npiov animal), f. &-, 
(Di- 2) twice + d50us, d50v7- (in neuter adjs. -od0r) 
tooth.] A genus of globe-fishes, having the jaws 
tipped with enamel, forming a tooth-like tubercle 
in the centre of the beak above and below. 


The name has also been improperly given to a genus of 


South American falcons, and to the cetacean genus 
Ziphius. 

1776 Pennant Zool. III. 129 Oblong Diodon. .Sun-fish from 
Mount’s Bay. /ééd. 131 Short Diodon. .Sun-fish from Loo. 
Ibid. 132 Globe Diodon. This species is common to Europe 
and South Carolina. 1840 F. D. Bennerr Whaling Voy. 
II. 264 The Round Diodon, or Toad-fish. 1854 Owen in 
Cire. Sc. Organ. Nat. 11. 95/2 The .. grinding tubercle of 
the diodon. * : a 

Di-odont, @. and sé. [See prec.] adj. Having 
two teeth: sfec. of or pertaining to the Déo- 
dontide or family of fishes of which Dzodon is 
the typical genus; sd, a fish of this family. So 
Diodo'ntoid a. and sd, 

In modern Dicts. 

|| Dieecia (doizfia). Bot. [mod.L. (Linnxus 
1735), a. Gr. type *diouia, abstr. sb. from *5/ouxos 
having two houses, f. 5:-, (D1- 2) twice + of«os house. 
Cf. Monacta.] The twenty-second class in the 
Sexual System of Linnzeus, comprising plants which 
have male (staminiferous) and female (pistilliferous) 
flowers on separate individuals. 

1753 CuamBers Cycl. Supp., Dioecia, in Botany, a class 
of plants which have the male and female parts. .in different 
flowers, and .. on different plants of the same species. 
Among the plants of this class are the willow, mistletoe, 
hemp, spinach. 1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. ix. 96. 

Hence Die'cian a. = Diacious. 

1828 Wenster, Déecian. 

Dicecio- (deijifio), comb. f. Diacrous, = dice- 
ciously ; as diactodimorphous, diactopolygamous. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diaciopolygamous..a term applied 
to those plants of which some individuals bear unisexual 
and some bisexual flowers, 


| 


DIONYSIAC. 


Dicecious (doijzfias), a. [f. Diacia + -ous.] 

1. Bot. Of plants; Having the unisexual male 
and female flowers on separate plants. 

1748-52 Sir J. Hitt Nat. Hist., Plants 291 (Jodr.) Vhe 
rhamnus with terminatory spikes and quadrified dicecious 
flowers, 1789 G. Wuitre Selborne (1853) 393 Hops are 
dicecious plants. 1877 Darwin Forms of Ft. Introd. 3 
A species tending to become dicecious, with the stamens 
reduced in some individuals and with the pistils in others. 

2. Zool. Having the two sexes in separate indivi- 
duals ; sexually distinct. 

_ 1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. xlvii. 394 Certain 
intestinal worms in which the sexes are dicecious. 1880 


Guntuer Fishes 157 All fishes are dicecious, or of distinct 
se 


sex. 1882 A. Macrartane Consanguinity 8 Sex in Man 
is dioecious. 

Hence Dice’ciously a/v., in a dicecious manner ; 
Dic ciousness, dicecious state or condition. 

1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1873) 74 Some .. species of 
holly in North America, are, according to Asa Gray..more 
or less diceciously polygamous. 1874 F. A. Kitcnenrr 
Year's Bot. vii. 118 ‘T idea of benefit to the plant in 
diceciousness. 1877 Darwin Forms of 11, vii. 279 Other- 
wise every step towards diceciousness would lead towards 
sterility, Ps 

. . Nee on Poe Ey 

Dicecism (doi,7siz’m).  [ad. mod.L. dzactsmus, 
Ger. dtoctsmus (Sachs), f. Gr. *8ioux-os (in L. form 
dtacus : see IIMCIA) + -ISM.] Diaecions condition. 

1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. 807 This distribution 
of the s , Which is generally termed Dioecism, occurs in 
all classes and orders of the vegetable kingdom. 

Diogenes (doiy"dzéniz). The name of a cele- 
brated Greck Cynic philosopher, who according to 
tradition showed his contempt for the amenities of 
life by living ina tub; see Cynic, Hence Dio- 
genes-crab, a species of West Indian hermit crab, 
which chooses an empty shell for its residence. 
Dio'genes-cup, the cup-like cavity formed in the 
palm of the hand by arching the fingers, and bend- 
ing the thumb and little finger toward each other : 
from a story that the Cynic substituted this for a 
cup in raising water to his mouth. 

180z Mar. Evcewortn A/oral 7. (1816) I. i. 4 A table 
covered with’a clean table cloth; dishes in nice order .. ap- 
peared to our young Diogenes absurd superfluities. 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lev. Diogenes-cup. 1884 J. Harr Chr. Home 
176 Exceptional natures, that, Diogenes-like, prefer to be 
let alone. : ae 

Ilence Diogenic (daijodgzenik) @., of, pertaining 
to, or of the nature of Diogenes. So Dioge’nical 
a.; Dioge nically a/v. ; Dio'genize v., to render 
cynical. 

1831 CartyLe Sart. Nes. 1. v, 


Socratic or rather Diogenic 

1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 112 There is 
y..in being Diogenicall and dogged. 1603 Drk- 
sid (Shaks. Soc.) 21 Sweet signior, be not too 
Diogenical to me. 1719 OzeLt tr. A/isson's Trav. Eng. 154 
(D.) To despise riches, not Diogenically, but indolently. 
1623 CockeraM 11, One growne Churlish, Déogenis'd. 

Dioic (daioik), a. vare-°. [ad. F. dtorgue 
(Bulliard 1783), or mod.L, dvoccus (Linnaeus 1753), 
a. Gr. type *éiorumos; see Diacra.] = Diacious. 
So Dioi‘cous a. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Diol(e, obs. early ff. Dotr, Door, grief. 

+ Dionise. Ols. Also 5 diones, and in L. 
form dionysia. [a. OF. diondse, dyonise (13... in 
Godef.), ad. med.L. dionpsta (Albertus Magnus), L. 
dionysias (Pliny), Gr. dcovvards, f. Awrtoos Bacchus. ] 
A precious stone, of a black colour streaked with 
red, reckoned, by medizeval writers, a preservative 
against drunkenness. 

[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxxiv. (1495) 563 
Dionisius is a blacke stoon or broune spronge wyth red 
veynes. .yf it is groundid and medelyd wyth water-it smel- 
lyth as wyne, and yet it wythstondyth dronkenshyp.] 1483 
Cath. Angi. 100/t Diones, dionisia. 1567 Mariet Gr. 
Forest 6 ‘The Dionise is black, or rather browne, all be- 
strowed with bloudie strokes or vaines. 1601 CuesTER 
Love's Maré. \xxxvi. (1878) 18 The Adamant, Dionise, and 
Calcedon. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 40/1 The Dionise 
stone. 1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 94 Dionysia. 
1855 SMEDLEY Occult. Sc. 354 Dionysia. 

Dionym (doidnim).  [ad. Gr. d:avup-os, -ov 
having two names, f. 5-, (Di-*) twice + ovopa 
name.] A name consisting of two terms (as the 
names in zoology or botany, the.two terms of which 
denote respectively the genus and species). 

18.. Coues is cited by Cent. Dict. 

Dionymal (daig'nimal), a. [f. as prec. + -AL.] 
Of or pertaining to a dionym; = BINOMINAL. 

1656 Biounr Glossogr., Dionymal, that hath two names. 
1884 J. A. ALLEN Ox Zodl. Nomen. in The Auk Oct. 352 
‘The binomial (or dionymal) system. 

Dionysiac (doinisixk), a [ad. L. Diony- 
siac-us, a. Gr. Atovioraxds, f. Acovtora the feast 
of Acdévioos Dionysus or Bacchus. So mod.F. 
Dionysiaque (Acad. 1762).] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to Dionysus or Bacchus, 
or to his worship. 

1844 Beck & Ferxton tr. Munk's Met, 149 Dionysiac 
and erotic poems. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x. iv. § 4. 
236 The new Dionysiac revel. 1 Grore Plato II. xxii. 
162 ‘The Orphic or Dionysiac religious mysteries. 1871 
Browninc Balaust, 37 Ours the great Dionusiac theatre, 
And tragic triad of immortal fames, 

48*-2 


. 


DIONYSIAN. 
B. sd. pl. The Dionysiac festivals or Dionysia, 
celebrated periodically in ancient Greece. 


1827-38 Hane Guesses (1867) 154 At Athens, Homer, the 
Decydees and Pericles, by their united influence, fostered 
them into dramatists. 

‘acal a.; Dionysi‘acally adv. 

1858 Hoc Shedley 1. xi. 373 The goat is a Dionysiacal 

uadruped, habitually given to scale Parnassus. 16 ‘I. 

'ayLor in Pamphileteer V111. a7 mundane intellect .. 
is Bacchus .. the soul is particularly distributed into gene- 
ration Dionysiacally. Drs te ; i 

(daidnirsian), a. [f. L. Dionysi-us 
of or pertaining to Dionysus or Bacchus ; also as 
sb. a personal name + -AN.] 

1. Of or pertaining to Dionysus or Bacchus, or 
the Déonysta or festivals held in honour of Diony- 
sus; = Dronysiac. 

@ 1610 Heatey chery sega (1636) 13 The Seas after the 
Dionysian feasts will more smooth. 1822 T. MitcuHeci 
Aristoph. 1. p. xxiii, The Dionysian festivals. .were the great 
carnivals of antiquity. 

2. Pertaining to or characteristic of the Elder or 
Younger Dionysius, tyrants of Syracuse, notorious 
for cruelty. 

1607 TorseLt Serpents (1658) 839 Who. .would not .. hate 
.. those Dionysian Tyrants in Sicilia? 1879 Encycl. Brit. 
1X.688/2 He. . punished with Dionysian severity the slightest 
want of respect. 

3. Pertaining to the abbot Dionysius the Little, 
who lived in the sixth century, and is said to have 
first practised the method of dating events from the 
birth of Christ of which he fixed the accepted 
date. 

Dionysian period, a period of 532 Julian years, after which 


the changes of the moon recur on the same days of the year; | 
said to have been introduced by Dionysius for calculating | 


the date of Easter. 

_ 1727-52 Cuambeks Cycl.s.v. Period, Victorian Period, an 
interval of five hundred and thirty-two Julian years .. Some 
ascribe this period to Dionysius Exiguus; and hence call it 
the Dionysian Period. 1768 Horstratt in PAil. 77raxs. 
LVIII. 102 Encreased by three dionysian periods, or mul- 
tiples of 28 and 19. 1876 CuamBrks stron. 470 The Diony- 
sian Period is obtained by a combination of the Lunar and 
Solar cycles. 1879 Farrar St, Pau/ (1883) 11 Our received 
Dionysian era. 

4. Of Dionysius the Areopagite (Acts xvii. 34); 
esp. applied to early ecclesiastical works attributed 
to him. 

1885 Catholic Dict. 264/1 Pearson places the composition 
of the Dionysian writings before 340. 

Dionysic ((aidni'sik), a. rare. ? Obs. [f. L. 
or Gr. form of Dionysus + -1c.]) Of Dionysus or 
Baechus; Dionysiac. 

1831 Examiner so1/1 The true Dionysic metre ; the pre- 
dominant metre of Greek theatrical music. 1832 /b/d. 453/1 
The Dionysic wreath, the symbol of theatric hdnor. 

Diophantine (daijofe-ntin, -rin), a. Math. [f. 
proper name Diophant-us + -1N¥.] Of or pertaining 
to Diophantus of Alexandria, a celebrated mathe- 
matician, who flourished in the fourth century ; 
Spec. applied to problems involving indeterminate 
equations, and to a method of solving these (Dz0- 
phantine analysts) attributed to him. 

17oo Grecory in Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 321 The reso- 
lution of the indetermined arithmetical or Diophantine prob- 
lems. 1811 P. Bartow (¢t/e), An Elementary Investigation 
of the Theory of Numbers, with its application to the 
indeterminate and diophantine analysis. 1888 Blackw. Mag. 
June 794 She solves a diophantine problem. 

Diophysite, -ism, improper ff. Dipnysirs, 
Dyoruysirx, etc. 

Diopside (daiy'psaid). A/in. [a. F. diopside 
(Haiiy 1801), irreg. f. Gr. &-, (Di-*) twice + dfs 
appearance, aspect, but viewed by later authors as 
a deriv. of Gr. dioyis a view through, f. &-, d:a- 
through.] A synonym of PYROXENE ; now usually 
restricted to the transparent varieties, 

1808 ALLAN Names Min. 26 Diopside ..a mineral from 
Mussa in Piémonte. 1868 Dana Ain. 223 Diopside has 
been observed as a furnace product. 1879 RutLey Study 
Rocks xiii. 264 The diopside has a rough or stepped appear- 
ance on the abraded surfaces of sections. 

tase (dei ptéis). Min. [:. F. dioptase 

(Haiiy 1801), irreg. f. Gr. &-, dsa- through + ords 
seen, visible: cf. d:drrns a looker through.) A 
translucent silicate of nOnpets crystallizing in six- 
sided prisms, called emerald copper ore. 

1804 W. Nicuorsos tr. Kourcray's Chem. 11. 430 Dioptase 
is an ore of copper. 1868 Dana AZin. 402 Dioptase occurs 
i in well defined crystals and amorphous on quartz. 

pter (daijp*pte1). Also in Lat. form dioptra. 
[a. F. dioptre (1547 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. diop- 
tra, a. Gr. dierrpa an optical instrament for mea- 
suring heights, levelling, etc.; cf. also Gr. diomrpov 
spying-glass, f. 5:-, &a- through +stem dm- to see 

+ instrumental suffix, -rpa, -rpoy.] 

1. An ancient form of theodolite, or instrument 
for — angles. 

1613 M. Rintey Magn. Bodies 112 Make a hole as in a 
Diopter, that the Sunne may shine in at it. 1642 W. Gas- 
coiGne in Rigaud Corr, Sei. Men (1841) L. 51 Two dioptraes 
. fitted with glasses, hair, moveable rims, 1851 Orré 
tr. Humboldt's Cosmos 111. 53 Long tubes .. employed by 
Arabian astronomers. .to the extremities of which and 
object diopters were attached. 1857 Wuewett Hist. /nduct, 


380 
Se. I. 354 He wrote .. a treatise on the Dioptra. .an instru- 
ment 


king angles. 
SS Ths taker ar of a gratabted itde; GAu- 
DADE. 

1594 Buunvevit Z-rerc. tw. xx. (ed. 7) 476 Having set the 

of your Ast: at that ‘Alixude. 1662 J. Davies 
Risecbsbn, ent Uovade: gu tey Dicntee tata ty eager 
vi m into it, I turn’d m: 

salt towaeds the Genta could caclhy"dlossha ds 4 
Kuicur Dict. Mech. 1. 172/1 To measure an angle with t 
astrolabe, the latter is with its center over the vertex 
of the angle, and turned until the fixed diopters sight in the 
direction of one side. i 


angle contained between the two strips is read off. 

+3. A surgical speculum. Oés. 

1706 Puiuirs (ed. Kersey), Dioptra .. a Surgeon's Instru- 
ment. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/., Dioftra, among surgeons, 
denotes an instrument whereby to dilate the matrix, or 
anus, and inspect any ulcers therein; called also speculum 
matricis, and dilatatorium. 1872 Tuomas Dis. Women 37 
If therefore, says Paul of A®gina, the ulceration be within 
reach, it is detected by the dioptra. 

4. An instrument for obtaining drawings of the 
skull by projections. 

1878 Bartiey tr. Topinard’s Anthrop. i. iii. 6 

5. A unit of measurement for lenses; = Dioprric 
5b, 2, 

1890 GouLp New Med. Dict. 133/1 Diopter or Dioptric. 


+ Dioptic, a. and s+. Obs. [f. Gr. &-, dia- 


| through + dm7-ds of or pertaining to sight or 


vision, f. root ém- to see.] . 
A. adj. =Diorrric. Also Dio'ptical. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., The Dioptick Art, the Perspective 
Art, or that part of Astronomy, which by Quadrants and 
hollow instruments pierces the Heavens, and measures the 
distance, length, bigness, and breadth of the Cerlestial 
bodies. 1818 Topp, Déoptical, and Dioptick, so the next 
words [dioptrical, dioptric) are now sometimes written. 


B. sb. a. One skilled in Diorrrics. b. ( i.) 


= Dioprrics. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 58 If our Diopticks could attain 
to that curiosity as to grind us such Glasses, as would 
. the Effluviums of the Magnet. 1665-6 PAil. Trans. 

.56 He intends to give the. .demonstration in his Diopticks 
which he is now writing. 

Dioptra: see Dioprer. 


+ Dioptral, z. Od. 
+-AL.] =Du1optric a. 

1610 W. Foi KInGHaM Art of Survey u. ii. 50 Degrees of 
angular production obserued by some Dioptrall instrument. 

Dioptric (dai'ptrik), a. and sd, [mod. ad. Gr. 
diomrpix-ds of or pertaining to the use of the diow7pa 
(DiopTer); in neuter pl.d:omzpied as sb., the science 
of dioptrics. See -1¢, -1cs.] 

A. adj. +1. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, 
a Dioprer (sense 1). Ods. 

1635 N. Carrenter Geog. Del. 1. v. 107 Two signes of the 
Zodiacke diametrally opposite should not be seene by a 
Dioptricke instrument. 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. 
Vocab., Dioptric, belonging to the perspective, or a mathe- 
matical instrument, thorow which they look to take the 
height of a thing. 

2. Serving as a medium for sight ; assisting vision 
(or rendering it possible) by means of refraction (as 
a lens, the humours of the eye). 

1653 H. More Antid. Ath. u. xii, (1712) 84 To view the 
Asperities of the Moon through a Dioptrick-glass. 1660 — 
Myst. Godl. 1. iii. 36 None of the external Organs have any 
Sense at all in them, no more then an Acousticon or a 
Dioptrick glass. 1858 J. Maxringau Stud. Chr. 186 A dead 
mechanism. .ready to serve as the dioptric glass, spreading 
the images of light from the Infinite on the tender and living 
retina, 1878 ‘I’. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 299 The refraction 
is said to be normal or abnormal according to the position 
of the retina with regard to the focus of the dioptric system. 

8. Relating to the refraction of light; pertaining 
to dioptrics (see B. 3); esf. (of a telescope, etc.), 
refractive, refracting. (Opp. to CaTopTRric.) 


[f. L. dioptra Dioprer 


‘ i The movable strip with its diopters _ 
| is then sighted in the direction of the other side, the 


Dioptric system, in lighthouses, also called refracting — 


system: see quot. 187 A ‘ 
1672 NewTon in Phil. Trans. VII. 5086 For Dioptrique 
Tel . the difficulty consisted not in the Figure of the 
glass, but in the Difformity of Refractions. 1688 R. Hotme~ 
Armoury 1. 146/2 The .. Dioptrick, or broken sight, is 
rightly seen ina Tub of Water where the Surface is cut. 
1753 Phil. Trans. XLVI. 167 Our common telescopes 
whether dioptric or reflecting. 1871 Tyxpatt tego Se. 
(1879) II. xvi. 436 The light was devel in the focus of 
a di ric apparatus. 1 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. WV.75 
The Dioptric arrangement is that in which the rays issuing 
from the flame are collected and refracted in a given direc- 
tion by a lens placed in front of the light. 
+4. Capable of being seen through : see quot. 
x80r Farmer's Mag. 11. 48 As to dioptric beehives [i.e. 
rovided with glass windows on opposite sides] the best I 
Eve seen is of wood, 1860 J. P. Kennepy I. Wirt IL. xiii. 
i into that ‘ diop- 


220 These few frag: - give us. .g 
tri 9 gm *, the heart of the writer. 


P 


2 f DIopter I. 


Orrk tr. Humboldt’s Cosmos U1. 545 The Alexandrian 
oa ty ome ee iitiel arate, and Nacer op 
trics. 


2. A unit for expressing the refractive power of a 
lens, being the power of a lens whose focal distance 
is one metre. mee ar 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., One dioptric, w ich is written 1D, is 
a inne or one | meter, or 20-37 snches, focal distance. 1887 
A. Bruce in Zucycd. Brit. Il. 373. 


dioramist raves at a 


DIORISTIC 


3. fl. Dioptries: that 


cs which treats of refraction of light. 


(Opp. to CaToprrics.) 

ws Dicsy Nat. Bodies E Gae§s) 33% The demonstration 
.-Renatus Des Cartes has pant Comntie ue Same 
of Dioptrikes. 1667 Pil. Trans. 11. 626 The Dioptricks, 
that di Refracted, . CHAMBERLAYNE 


Relig. Phil IL. xxii 
=~ ree pill aDirsent th PS rate A A Ne oe 


in ind understands of Vision. 183 
REWSTER ics in - Light oe through transparent 
bodies is ate ing to i laws, the con- 
ion of which constitutes the subject of dioptrics. 
a, [f. as prec. + -AL.] 
+1. =Dioprrric a. 1. Obs. 
1612 BrerEwoop 


hrough Dioptrical 
s,s oy erent Gan, r. Tees of Scheffer’s 
reatise on the Emendation ioptrical Telescopes. 

3. Of or belonging to dioptrics ; skilled in diop- 
trics. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 78 ee ical Artists. 1 
Suorr in PAél. he LIX. a a radius somewhat 
fonger than the focal length you want, for a dioptrical 
reason. 1800 Younc iéid. XCI.27 Dioptrical propositions. 

+4. =Duioprric a. 4. Ods. 


1759 Sterne 77. Shandy 1. xxiii, To have i softly, as 
look’d in. . 


you would to a dioptrical bee-hive, and ; 
Hence Dio-ptrically adv., by means of refraction. 
win Hist. Litteraria U1. 363 To produce very extra- 
inary Effects. .either dioptrically or catoptrically. 1849- 
a Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 1441/2 Dioptrically-formed_co- 
oured margins. 1883 Carrenter in Encycl. Brit. XV1. 
266/1 s.v. haigss Images dioptrically formed of the 
general outlines an hixger details of microscopic objects. 
ician (doaijpptri‘fan). rave. [f. Dior- 
tRIC ; cf. optician.) One skilled in dioptrics. 

1670 Phil. Trans. V. 2045 An Un-usual kind of Refrac- 
tion, hitherto un-observed by Dioptricians. 

Dioptrics: see Diorrric B 3. 

Diorama (deijora‘ma). [mod. (in F. 1822) f. 
Gr. &-, dua- through + 6papa that which is seen, a 
sight: cf. dopd-ev to see through.) A mode of 
scenic representation in which a picture, some por- 
tions of which are translucent, is vieWed through 
an aap an the sides of which are continued to- 
wards the picture ; the light, which is thrown upon 
the picture from the roof, may be diminished or in- 
creased at pleasure, so as to represent the change 
from sunshine to cloudy weather, etc. The name 
has also been used to include the building in which 
dioramic views are exhibited; and in later times 
has been transferred to exhibitions of dissolving 
views, etc. 

The Diorama, invented by Daguerre and Bouton, was 
first exhibited in London, 29 Sept. 1823, the building being 
erected in Regent's Park. It was patented in 1824 by 
J. Arrowsmith, No. 4899. . 

1823 Ann. hs 309* It is called the Diorama, and the 
idea is borrowed from the panorama. 1824 J. ArrowsMiTH 
Specif. Patent No. 4899 (¢itée) An_ im mode of 
publicly exhibiting pictures .. which I denominate a ‘ dio- 
rama’, 1872 itiot Middlem, liii, ‘The memory has 
as many moods as the temper, and shifts its scenery like 
ee LT in Fortn. Rev. J Litera- 

7 ‘OLLEMACHE in . Rev. Jan. 117 r 
oot lie! weaken ae it icts, while 
art can give only a panorama. E. Reeves Homeward 
Bound 331 Entering the river mes, we were delighted 
with the double diorama of ships and ea meadows. 
Pats sia Maria er one J.C. Hare yh 

« (8 . xvi. 310 Like gradual change 
diene oes from light to dark. | a) 

Hence Diora‘mist, a proprietor or exhibitor of a 
diorama. + atest dl ; 

Hoon Tylney Hall (1840) ere an indignant 

rn a boggiieg sconmaniiien, 
(daijore’mik), a. [f. Diokama + 
-10. (Gr. analogies would require déoramatic.)] 


Of the nature of, or ining to, a diorama, 
1831 Brewster Vat. Magic iv. (1833) 66 The same Laer ats 
ny 


exhibited under all the La 
dioramic tation, 1 Muscrave Sy-roads 251 
There is another chapel .. where the same f effect 
has been produced Jed coloured glass lights. 1881 
Daily Tet. 27 Dec., Well- dioramic effects, depict- 


ing a terrible storm with. .th and light % 
(daiériz’m). rare. [ad. Ge. hope pide, 
distinction, logical division, f. depi¢-ew to draw a 
boundary through, divide, distinguish.] The act 
of defining; distinction, definition: by H. More 
used app. as= —, — or Do vig 4 
R . eat 

2Sit.o Idols sone maode of Idolatry but, by a Propheticall 
Diorism, it signifies Idolatry in general. 1680 — Afoc+ 
A foc. 92 If they were not just four .. yet by a i 
Diorisme they might be called four, . am Jilustration 
35 In a Mystical sense, by a Diorism, Musick may 
be that at their Idolatrous worship. — 

+ Diori'stic, ¢. Ods. [ad. Gr. Boparix-ds dis- 
tinctive ; f. as prec.] Serving to define or distin- 
guish 5 peng Corr, Sci. Men (1841) 1. 216 In 

S on (1841 . 
Re, Drager) te tieristic. limits is lost. 1684 Phil. 


of the science of 


F 
7 


DIORISTICAL. 


Trans, XIV. 575 A Cardanick A®quation .. such as shall 
have the dioristick limits rational. 

+ Diori'stical, a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -aAL.] =, 
prec. Hence Diori-stically adv., by distinctive 
application: see DiorisM. 

1664 H. More £xf. 7 Churches 72 Ye are not .. free 
from the Lusts of the flesh Sapa Vice is here noted by 
Nicolaitism dioristically, as Idolatry in general before 4 
eating things sacrificed to Idols). 1668 — Div. Diad. v. xl. 
(1713) 52t The Lake of Fire and Brimstone not symbolical 
or dioristical, but Visible or natural. . 

Diorite (doi-drait). Ain. [a. F. dtorite (Haiiy), 
irreg. f. d:opi¢-ev to distinguish +-11E.] A variety 
of GREENSTONE, consisting of hornblende combined 
with a triclinic feldspar (albite or oligoclase). 

1826 W. Puitiies Oxtl. Mineral. § Geol. 151 The Dia- 
base, Diorite, and Amphibolite of French authors, seems to 
include both Greenstone and Hornblende rock. 1858 
Geikie Hist. Boulder xii. 239 Hornblendic green-stones, 
or diorites. 1865 Lussock Prek. Times vi. (1869) 182 
The axe was preeminently the implement of antiquity. 


“Serpentine and diorite were the principal materials. 


attrib, 1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile xxii. 709 The 
magnificent. diorite statue of Shafra, the builder of the 
Second Pyramid. 1890 Goldfields Victoria 17 The stone 
- running through a diorite dyke. 

Dioritic (doijoritik), z. [f. Dioriry +-10.] Of 
the nature of diorite ; containing diorite. 

1847 in Craic, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. vii. (1856) 55 
A similar range..on the Atlantic side, evidently a con- 
tinuation of the same dioritic series. 1862 Dana J/an. 
Geol. iii. 78 Dioritic Schist. ' 

|| Diorthosis (daigipdwsis). [mod.L., a. Gr. 
5idpOwars, n. of action f. b:op0d-ew to make straight, 
f. &:-, da- through, thoroughly + dp@ds straight, 
right.] The act of setting straight or in order: 
a. in Surxg., the straightening of crooked or frac- 
tured limbs. b, The recension or revision of a 
literary work. 

1704 in J. Harris Lex. Techn. (J.). 1706 Puitvirs (ed. 
Kersey), D/orthosis, in Surgery, an Operation, whereby 
crooked or distorted Members are made even, and restor’d 
to their Original and Regular Shape. 1873 Brit. Q. Rev. 
LVI. 297 he diorthosis (i.e. the setting free from figure 
and parable, the fulfilment) of the Old ‘Testament in the 
New. 1874 H. R. Reynotps Yohn Baft. viii. 500 Christ 
was the diorthosis of the temple. 

Diorthotic (deijpipp'tik), a [ad. Gr. d:op0w- 
tx-ds corrective: derived as prec.] Of or pertain- 
ing to recension of a literary work (see prec. b). 

1860 M. Partison Ess. (1889) I. 162 No sooner had 
Scaliger placed himself by common consent at the head of 
textual criticism, than he took leave for ever of diorthotic 
criticism. r 

Dioscoreaceous (deiysk6e:ri)A-fas), a. Zot. 
[f. mod.L. Déoscoredcex, f. Dioscorea, the typical 
genus, containing the yams.] Of or belonging to 
the N.O. Dioscoreacex of Monocotyledons. 

Dioscorein (doijpgskderéin).  [f. Dioscorea + 
-In.] ‘An impure substance made by precipitating 
the tincture of Déoscorea villosa with water’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex, 1883). . 

|| Diosma (deijg'sma). Bot. [mod.L., f. Gr. 
&t-os divine + douy odour.] A genus of South 
African heath-like plants (N.O. Autacex), with 
strong balsamic odour. 

1794 Martyn Roussean’s Botany xvi. 209. 1800 J. ABER- 
cromBie Ev. Man his own Gardener el 16) 251 African 
heaths .. diosmas .. will require to. be frequently refreshed 
with moderate waterings. 1866 7 reas. Bot. 411/1 Diosma 
.-cultivated for their white or pinkish flowers. 

Hence Dio‘smin (see quot. 1883). 

1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 5/1 Brandes considers the extractive 
to be peculiar, and terms it Diosmin. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Diosmin, a bitter principle, of brownish yellow colour, 

luble in water, ob i ed from the Diosma crenata. 

|| Diosmosis (doigsmou'sis). Also in anglicized 
form diosmose. [mod.f. Gr. &-, da- through + 
Osmosis: cf. end-, exosmosis.] The transudation 
of a fluid through a membrane ; = Osmosis. 

oy, hd Stiruine tr. Landor's Text-bk. Hum. Phys. 1. 
393 This exchange of fluids is termed exdosmosis or dios- 
mosis. 1883 Sy. 
as Osmosis. 

Hence Diosmo'tic @., pertaining to diosmosis; 
= Oswmoric. 

| Diota (deiawta). Gr. and Rom. Antig. [L. 
didta, a. Gr. biasrn two-eared, f. &-, (Di- 2) doubly 
+ @r- stem of ods ear.] A vessel with two ears or 
handles. 

1857 Bircu Anc. Pottery (1858) x 199 The emblems upon 
them were various, comprising leaves, an eagle, a head of 
Hercules, diota, and bunch of grapes. 1890 W. Smiru Dict. 
Gr. & Rom. Antig. (ed. 3) 1. 640 Diota..is generally used 
as synonymous with amphora, though it may signify any 
two-handled vessel .. A diota of the earliest style. 

Diothelism, -ite, irreg. ff. Diraetisu, Dyo- 
THELISM, etc, r 

|| Diovti, dihoti. Ods. [Gr. dd7¢ wherefore, 
for what reason, for the reason that, f. &:d (rod70) 
67 for the reason that.] A ‘ wherefore’. 

xt Biccs New Disp. Summary 35 The Schools ignorant 
of the Quiddities and Dihoties of things. 1687 Pharisee 

Unmask'd 6 Yo satisfie those to whom he hath promised 
a Demonstration Dioti. 1734 Warts Relig. Fuv. (1789) 79 
He set forth the analysis of the words in order, shewed the 
Hoté and the Dioti (i.e. that it was so, and why it was so). 


Soc. Lex., Diosmose .. Diosmosis, same 


381 


Diotrephes Sal sage The name of a man 
mentioned 3 John 9, 10, as loving to have the pre- 
eminence in the church; hence used typically of 
persons to whom this character is attributed. 
Hence Diotrephe'sian, Diotre’phian, Diotre’- 
phic adjs., like Diotrephes; Dio:trephe'tically 
adv., in the manner of Diotrephes; Dio'trephist, 
an imitator of Diotrephes. 

1628 Witner Brit. Rememd, vi. 711 And, some there be, 
that with Diotrophes, Affect preheminence in these our 
dayes. 1660 Fisner Rustichs Alarm Wks. (1679) 357 
A meer Diotrephetically impudent and impositively prating 
Spirit. /ééd. 557 Chief Priests, aspiring Rabbies, Divinity 
Doctors, proud Diotrepheses. 1674 Owen //oly Spirit 
(1693) 161 Fuel in it self unto the Proud, Ambitious Minds 
of Diotrephists. 1829 Sourney Siv 7’, More I. 59 A man 
may figure as the Diotrephes of a Meeting. 1838 G. S. 
Faper Ax /uguiry w. iv. 585 The diotrephic lovers of pre- 
éminence. 1845 T. W. Corr Puritanism 475 Is there any 
of the old Diotrephian spirit left? 1862 J. MacrarLane 
Life G. Lawson iw. 194 Dr. Lawson asked the name of 
this Diotrephesian female. 

Dioxide (daijg*ksaid, -sid). Chem. [f. Di-2 2 
+ OxIDE.] An oxide formed by the combination 
of two equivalents of oxygen with one of the metal 
or metalloid, as Carbon dioxide CO,, Manganese 
dioxide MnO,. 

Originally applied to an oxide containing two equivalents 
of the chlorous element: see D1-? 2 ». 

1847 in Craic, 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Cire. Sc. Chem. 
491 Corresponding with the sub or di-oxide-of copper. 1869 
A, J. Jarman in Lug. Alech. 17 Dec. 330/1 ‘The easiest way 
to prepare oxygen gas is to heat together in a retort three 
parts potassic chlorate with one part dioxide of manganese. 
1878 Huxtey /’ysiogr. 80 An invisible gas, known as 
carbon dioxide, or more commonly carbonic acid, 

Dio-xy-, diox-. Chem. [f. Di-2 2 + Oxy- 
(GEN.] A combining element expressing the pre- 
sence in a compound of two atoms of oxygen ; 
spec. the presence in an organic compound of two 
equivalents of the monad radical hydroxyl (OH) 
taking the place of two atoms of hydrogen, as 
dioxy-acid, dtoxybenzene, CeH, OH), (benzene 
being C,H,). 

1877 Warts /ownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) I. 541 Two dioxy- 
benzoic acids are obtained by fusing the two disulpho- 
benzoic acids with potassium hydroxide. One of these 
dioxy-acids forms crystals..not coloured by ferric chloride. 

Dip (dip, v. Pa. t. and pple. dipped, dipt, 
pr. pple.dipping. Forms: 1 dypp-an,dipp-an, 
2-6 dypp-e(n, 3-5 duppe(n (/), 3-6 dippe, 6- 
dip. /a.¢. 6 dypte, dypped, 6- dipped (.Sc. 
dippit), 7 dipp’d, dip’d, 7- dipt. /’a. pple. 1-6 
dypped, (5 deppyd), 6- dipped (Sc. dippit), 7- 
dipt. [OE. dyppax wk. vb. (pa. t. adyple, pple. 
dypped :—OTeut. *dupjan, f. weak grade dup- of 
ablaut series *deup-, daup-, dup-, whence the adj. 
Deep (:—*deup-oz). Cf. the cognate DEvE v.] 

I. Transitive senses. 

1. To put down or let down temporarily or par- 
tially zz or 2/0 a liquid, or the like, or the vessel 
containing it (usually with the notion of wetting, or 
of taking up a portion of the liquid, etc.); to im- 
merse ; to plunge (but with less implication of force 
and splashing, the sound of the word expressing a 
light though decided act), 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark xiv. 20 Se Se his hand on disce 
mid me dypd. cx000 Sax. Leechd. 111.118 Nim panne 
hnesce wulle and dupe on ele. 1340 Hamroe 7’. Cousc. 
8044 A vesselle dypped alle bidene In water, or in other 
lycour thyn. 1382 Wyciir Lake xvi. 24 Fadir Abraham .. 
send Lazarus, that he dippe the last part of his fyngur in 
watir, and kele my tunge. 1535 CoverDaLe Yohu xiii. 26 
It is he vnto whom I dyppe the soppe & geue it. And he 
dypte in the soppe and gaue it vnto Iudas Iscarioth. 158 
Mutcaster Positions xxvii. (1887) 104 The Germains. .vsed 
then to dippe their new borne children into extreme cold 
water. 1602 SHaks. Ham. 1v. vii. 143, I but dipt a knife 
in it. 165r Hopsrs Leviath, ut. xxxvi. 224 Clothed in 
a garment dipt in bloud. 1742 Pore Duc. wv. 163 A Poet 
the first day he dips his quill. 1801 Med. F¥rnl. XX1. 82 
A piece of loaf bread, dipt in cold water, 1823 Lams Llia 
Ser. 1. New Year's Coming of Age, He dipt his fist into 
the middle of the great custard. 1839 G. Birp Nat. Philos. 
144 If a magnet be dipped in iron filings, it will attract, 
and cause them to adhere to its surface. 

absol. ¥ Suaks, Tison 11. ii. 73 Who can call him 
his Friend, ‘That dips in the same dish? 1878 Browninc 
Poets Croisic 83 Up with quill, Dip and indite ! 

Jig. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. u. (1586) 67 For 
you dip somewhat the Pensill_of your ‘Tongue in the fres 
and cleere coulour of the ‘Tuscane tongue. 1602 SHAks. 
Ham. wW. vii. 19 The great loue the — gender beare 
him, Who dipping all his Faults in their affection, Would 
++ Conuert his Gyues to Graces, 1818 Suetiey Rev. /slam 
1x. xii, By .. the name Of thee, and many a tongue which 
thou hadst dipped in flame. 

2. To immerse in baptism ; to baptize by immer- 
sion (now usually contemptuous). In quot. 1602 
=CHRISTEN v. 3. Also adsol. t 
_ 975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iii. 11 Ic eowic depu & dyppe 
in waettre in hreunisse.. ¢1200 ORMIN 1551 Purrh patt tatt 
tu fullhtnesst hemm & Y waterr dipp ¢ 1315 
Suorenam rr And wanne hi cristneth ine the foun3t The 
prestes so thries duppeth, In the honur of the Trinite. 
¢1400 Maunperv. (Roxb.) iii. 10 Pai make bot ane vnecioun, 
when pai cristen childer, ne dippes baim but anes in 
fount. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Publ. Baptism Rubric, 


DIP. 


Then the Priest shall take the child .. and .. shall dip 
it in the water. 1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. 1. Wks. 
1856 I. 15 It pleas’d the font to dip me Rossaline. 1639 
Sattmarsu Policy 73 These whom wee would have 
members of a Visible Church, we baptize and dip. 1766 
Wes try Is, (1872) 11. 248 He and _ six-and-twenty 
more have been dipped! 1876 Bancrorr //ést. U. S. II. 
xxx. 262 The confessions .. began to be directed against 
the Anabaptists. Mary Osgood was dipped by the devil. 

3. In various technical processes: see also Div- 
PING vbl. sb. 1. spec. a. To immerse in a colouring 
solution; to dye, imbue. Also with the colouring 
matter as subject, or with the resulting colour as 
object. ( poetic.) 

1667 Mitton ?. Z. vy. 283 Six wings he [a Seraph] wore 
.. the middle pair .. round Skirted his loines and thighes 
with downie Gold And colours dipt in Heav'’n.  /d/d. x1. 
244 Iris had dipt the wooff. 1712-4 Pore Rafe Lock u. 65 
Thin glitt’ring textures of the filmy dew, Dipt in the richest 
tincture of the skies. 1780 Cowrer Zable 7. 703 Fancy 
that from the bow that spans the sky Brings colours dipped 
in Heaven. 1887 Bowen Virg, 2neid v. 112 Raiment 
dipped in the purple. ; 

b. To make (a candle) by repeatedly dipping a 
wick in melted tallow. 

1712 Act 10 Anne in Lond, Gas. No. 5031/6 Before he 
begins to make or dip any Making or Course of Candles. 
¢ 1865 Letuesy in Cerc. Sc. 1. 93/2 To dip a number of 
candles at the same time. 

e. 70 dip sheep: To bath them in a poisonous 
liquor for the purpose of killing the vermin and 
cleansing the skin. 

1840 Frul. Roy. Agric. Soc. Ser. 1. 1. 324 A person who 
travels from farm to farm dipping sheep for the ticks. 1847 
Trans. Hight, §& Agric. Soc. Scot. Ser. ut. If. 300 Three 
men to dip and a boy to drive water, can easily bathe 600 
to 800 sheep ina day. 1853 Catal. KR. Agric. Soc. Show t 
Such is the importance .. of dipping with this composition, 
that no extensive flock-master ought to be without it. 

4. ‘To suffuse with moisture ; to impregnate by, 
or as if by, immersion. 

1634 Mitton Comus 802 A cold shuddering dew Dips me 
all o'er. 1678 Drypen lll for Lowe uu. i, Vhese poison’d 
Gifts ., Miriads of bluest Plagues lie underneath ‘em, And 
more than Aconite has dipt the Silk. 

tb. fg. Applied to the use of the liquor in 
which a toast is drunk. Odés. 

1657 R. Lovepay Leté. (1663) 36 We dip’d some choice 
healths .. in the best Laurentian Liquor. /déd@. 95 Diping 
your health in the noblest liquor. 

e. To penetrate, as by dipping; to dip into. rare. 

1842 Tennyson Morte d’Arthur 143 But ere he dipt the 
surface, rose an arm... And caught him [i.e. Excalibur the 
sword] by the hilt. 

5. To obtain or take wf by dipping; to lift out 
of a body of liquid, ete. : usually with uf. 

To dip snuff (South. U.S.): to take snuff by dipping a 
split or brush-like stick or bit of rattan into it and rubbing 
it upon the teeth and gums. 

1602 Carew Cornwall 30b, The shrimps are dipped up 
in shallow water by the shore side, with little round nets. 
1824 Miss Mitrorp / lage Ser. 1. (1863) 45 ‘There she 
stands at the spring, dipping up water for to-morrow. 
1848-60 Bartiert Dict. Amer., To dip suuff, a mode of 
taking tobacco. 1861 L. L. Nose /cebergs 272 Fresh 
water may be dipped in winter, from small open spaces in 
the bay. 1886 Century Mag. Feb. 586 Sam Upchurch 
smoked his pipe, and Peggy dipped snuff, but Dyer de- 
clined joining them in using tobacco. 

6. éransf. To lower or let down for an instant, 
as if dipping in a liquid; sfec. to lower and then 
raise (a flag) as a naval salute, or (a sail) in tacking. 

1776 Trial of Nundocomar 43/2 He dipt his seal on the 
cushionsink-pad], and sealed the bond. 1859 Reape Love 
me little Il. iv. 174 ‘They have not got to dip their sail, 
as we have, every time we tack’..‘I and the boy will dip 
the lug’.. Now this operation is always a nice one, parti- 
cularly in these small luggers, where the lug has to be 
dipped, that is to say, lowered and raised again on the 
opposite side of the mast. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 
148 The men who dip the sail should stand on the lee side. 
1894 C. N. Rosinson Brit. Fleet 179 ‘Vo-day, ‘dipping the 
flag’ is an act of courtesy; men-of-war do not do it to one 
another, but if merchant ships ‘dip’ their ensigns to them 
they reply in a similar manner. 

b. To cause to sink ; to lower, depress. 

1879 Geo. Evtor Coll..Breakf. P. 418 Duty or social 
.. Would dip the scale. 

7. fig. To immerse, involve, implicate (/z any 
affair, esp. of an undesirable kind), Chiefly in 
pass. (Cf. DEEP a. 19.) Ods. exc. as in b. 

a 1627 Mippteton Changeling ut. iv, A woman dipp'd in 
blood, and talk of modesty! 1671-3 Sir C. Lytretton in 
Hatton Corr. (1878) 74 St Steph. Fox is dipt 70,000! deepe in 
that concerne. 1678 Drypen Avnd Keeper Prol., True Wit 
has seen its best Days long ago, It ne’er look’d up, since we 
were dipt in Show. 1700 — /ad/es Pref. (Globe) 500 He 
was a little dipped in the rebellion of the Commons. 1775 
Burke Corr. (1844) I. 50 Then we shall be thoroughly 
dipped, and then there will be no way of getting out, but by 
disgracing England, or enslaving America. 1789 Mrs. 
Prozzt Yourn. France 1, 139 He was a man deeply dipped 
in judicial astrology. 1798 H. Watrote Le?é. (1857) I. 
Remin. iii. p. cix, Having been deeply dipped in the iniqui- 
ties of the South Sea. 

b. To involve in debt or pecuniary liabilities ; 
to mortgage (an estate) ; to pawn. (co//og.) 

1640 GLAPTHORNE Wit in Constable v, If you scorne to 
borrow, you may dip Your chaine. 1693 DrypEN Persins v1. 
160 Never dip thy Lands. @1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v. 
Layd-up.,Cloaths..are pawn’d or dipt for..Money. 1817 
Mar. Evcewortu Zales § Novels (Rtldg.) LX. xii. 116 My 
little Jessica has..played away ata rare rate with my ready 


good 


DIP. 
y—dipped me confoundedly, 1880 Miss Brappon Just 
as I am it, Nobody had ever been able to say that the 
Courtenay estate was ‘ bb oop *. 1883 — Phant. Fort, xxv. 
(1884) 299 The young lady was slightly dipped. 
II. Intransitive senses (some for vef.; others 
absolute uses). ‘ 

8. To plunge down a little into water or other 
liquid and quickly emerge. Const. in, inlo, under. 

1387 Trevisa /igden (Rolls) I. 119 A lantern wip ly3t 
fletep and swymmeth aboue, and 3if be liz3t is iqueynt, it 
duppep doun and drynchep. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. 
Phot Sa fain to dip Lhe — e water. ep tg —— 
Skete »y Voyage (1887) 24 Her s would dip into the 
water ; her bow was almost taried {onuk the waves. 1843 
Macautay Lays Anc. Rome, Horat. vii, Unharmed the 
water-fowl may dip In the Volsinian mere. ee 
Atalanta 16 Oars Break, and the beaks dip wi , drinking 
death. 1884 W. C. Smitu Aildrostan 1. 1. 239 Slowly the 
muffled oars dip in the tide. 

9. To plunge one’s hand (or a ladle or the like) 
into water, etc., or into a vessel, esp. for the pur- 
pose of taking something out. b. slang. To pick 
pockets. ¢. Zo dip (deeply, etc.) into one's purse, 
means, etc.: ( fig.) to withdraw or expend a consider- 
able sum, to trench upon means. 

1697 Drypen Persins 1. 38 Suppose I dipp'd among the 
worst, and Staius chose. 1817 Sporting Mag. Farmer), have 
dipped into 150.. pockets and not found a shilling. @ 1847 
Mrs. Suerwoop Lady of Manor I. viii. 334 In early life he 
had dipped so deeply into his property as obliged him to 
leave the country. 1884 Chr. World 19 June 453/2 As new 
schools are built, Mr. Mundella must dip more 
the national purse. 

10. To fish by letting the bait dip and bob lightly 
on the water; =Dapv.1, Dipv.2 3, DIBBLE v.? 2. 

1799 G. Smitu Ladoratory 11. 272 The few which you may 
..take, by dipping or dapping, will scarcely be eatable. 
1875 [see Dirrinc vd 5d.). 

11. ¢ransf. To sink or drop down through a small 
space, or below a particular level, as if dipping into 
water; to go down, sink, set. 

1375 Yoseph Arim. 534 He mette a gome on an hors .. 
He hente vp his hachet and huttes him euene.. Wip be deb 
in his hals downward he duppes. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 
312 Use the North Starre of the Ancients, till .. that Guide 
dippeth under the Horizon. 1720 Lett. fr. Lond. Fru. (1721) 
58 Before he had told it all, the Sun dipt in. 1781 Cowrer 
Hope 374 Suppose the beam should dip on the wrong side. 
1798 CoLeripce Anc. Mar. 1, The Sun’s rim dips; the stars 
rush out. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. iv. (1856) 31 During 
the bright twilight interval he [the sun] will dip but a few 
degrees below the horizon. 1884 Biack Jud. Shaks. ix, 
The swallows dipping and darting under the boughs. 

b. To move the body downwards in obeisance ; 
to drop a curtsy; to ‘ bob’. : 

1817 Byron Beppo Ixv, To some she curtsies, and to some 
she dips. 

e. To extend a little way downwards or below 
a surface (without motion) ; to sink. 

1854 Ronatps & Ricuarpson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1.292 
The short pipes v are consequently allowed to project about 
that much above the level of the plate, while their lower 
extremities dip into shallow cups which remain filled with 
liquid. 1878 L. P. Mrrevirn 7eeth 68 Superficial decay [of 
the tooth] is confined to the enamel covering, or dips but 
slightly into the dentine. 1887 Bowen Iirg. 4ineid i. 
536 ‘I'wo turreted precipice blocks Dip, like walls, to the 
wave. 

12. To have a downward inclination ; to incline 
or slope downwards; to be inclined to the horizon : 
spec. of the magnetic needle, and in Geol. of strata 
(see Dip sd. 4, 5). 

1665 Hooke Microgr. 172 The plain of it lies almost hori- 
zontal, but onely the forepart does dip a little, or is some- 
what more deprest. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/. s.v. Dipping- 
needle, A magnetical needle so hung as that..one end dips, 
or inclines to the horizon. 1747 Hooson A/iner’s Dict. G iij, 
Dipfp is when the Flat-Beds fies not Levell, but declines 
some way, and it is by them that we know when the Rock 
Dipps, unless we be on the Top of it. 1796 WirneRinec 
Brit. Plants 1V. 251 [Fungi]... Pileus convex. .edge dipping 
down, 1} to 2 inches over. 1806 Gaset/eer Scotd. (ed. 2) 70 
The strata are in some instances perpendicular to fa 
horizon, and in all iy ipl much. 1 Scoressy Ace. 
Arctic Reg. 11. 539 In this hemisphere, the north end of the 
needle dips, but the contrary in the southern hemisphere, 
where the south end of the needle dips. 1879 E. Garretr 
House by Works 1. 140 You have no idea how the road dips. 

13. To go (more or less) deeply into a subject. 

1755 Younc Centaur ii. Wks. 1757 IV. 134 But I shall not 
dip so deep in its consequences. 1842 Tennyson Locksley 
Ww 15 Here about the beach I wander'd.. When I dipt into 
the future far as human eye could see. 

14. To dip into (a book, a subject of study): to 
enter slightly and briefly into a subject, without 
becoming absorbed or ‘buried’ in it; said especi- 
ally of reading short passages here and there in a 
book, without continuous perusal. 

pac skim, to read superficially and slightly but contin- 
uously. 

1682 Drvpen Relig. Laicé Pref. (Globe) 191 They cannot 
dip into the Bible, but one text or another will turn up for 
their purpose. 1686 Goav Cedest. Bodies 11. i, 123 You can- 
not dip into a Diary but you will find it. 1760 Gray Lett. 
Wks, 1884 IIL. 24, I have not attentively read him, but only 
dipp’d here and there. 1777 W. Datrymrce 7vav. SP. + 
Port. Pref. 4,1 have endeavoured to dip a little into the 
state of government. 1 Suttivan View Nat. 11, Might 
not Moses have di . .n the same source with the authors 
of the Shaasta? A. B. Evwarvs Up Nile iv. 96 We 
have of course been dipping into Herodotus. 


| his house to have a dip in the sea. 


| in the history of the 


(dip), sd. 
_1. Anact of dipping; a plunge or brief imm: 
in water or other liquid; also ¢vansf. and fig.: see 
various senses of the verb. 
ans? Marston Sco. Villanie 1. iv. 189 For ingrain’d Habits, 
with often dips, Are not so soone discoloured. 1686 
Goan Celest. Bodies 1, xvi. 101 The Celerity of a Boat is 
continued by a successive dip of the Oar. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. s.v. Candle, A trough to catch the droppings, as the 
Candles are taken out each dip. 3796 Mrs. Giasse Cookery 
xiv. 248 Have ready .. a pan of clean cold water, just give 
your pudding one dip in. 1843 James Forest Days ii, ‘I'll 
give im a dip in the horse *, 1871 J. Miter Songs 
taly (1878) 14 There was only the sound of the long oars’ 
dip, As the low moon sailed up the sea. 1874 L. Sternen 
Hours in Library (1892) 11. ii. 51 He rode sixty miles from 
d 1879 J. J. Younc Ceram. 
Art 81 Stone-ware is very seldom by a ‘dip’. 
b. A dip in or into (a book) : see Dip uv, 14. 
1760 Foore Afinor 1. (1767) 25 Come, shall we have a dip 
Four Kings this morning ? Jas. 


| Grant Sk. Lond. 373 A half-hour’s ‘dip’ into some circulat- 


| right hand with a fresh dip of ink in it. 


eeply into J 


ing-library book. 

¢. The act of dipping up liquid, e.g. ink with the 
pen; the quantity taken up at one act of Suter f 

1841 S. WARREN 10,000 a year III, 10 He took his pen in his 
1889 Durham Univ. 
Frnt. 196 The same ‘dip of ink’ is always ready. 

d. A curtsy, a ‘ bob’: cf. Dip v. 11b. 

1792 Wotcotr (P. Pindar) Ode to Burke Wks. 1812 III. 38 
Then the Dame will answer with a dip. 1808 —- Ef. to 
Mrs. Clarke ibid. V. 392 The nods of Monarchs and the 
dips of Queens. 

e. A going down out of sight or below the horizon. 

1864 Tennyson Zn, Ard. 244 Ev'n to the last dip of the 
vanishing sail She watch’d it. 

f. Naut. The position of being dipped or lowered 
(of a sail: see Dip v. 6): in phr. at the dip. 

1886 J. M. Cautreitp Seamanship Notes 6 The church 
pendant is used at the dip at the mizen truck while working 
cables. 1893 Marknam in Datly News 3 July 5/6, I directed 
my flag lieutenant to keep the signal .. at the dip. 

3 Depth or amount of submergence (e.g. of a 
paddle-wheel) or depression; depth or distance 
below a particular level; depth of a vessel, etc. 

1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 97 That ruler would mark 
upon the upright rod, the dip of the point on which it stood, 
below the level of the instrument. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., 
Dif, the depth of submergence of the float of a paddle 
wheel. 1880 Act 43-4 Vict. c. 24 § 17 Any attempt .. to de- 
ceive him in taking the dip or gauge of any vessel. 

8. Astron. and Surveying. The angular distance 
of the visible horizon below the horizontal plane 
through the observer's eye; the apparent depression 
of the horizon due to the observer's elevation, which 
has to be allowed for in taking the altitude of a 
heavenly body. 

1774 M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. 1. 18 A Table of the 
Depression, or Dip, of the Horizon of the Sea, 1820 Scoressy 
Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 444 The dip of the sea . . at 20 feet height 
of the eye, the error would be 56 miles. 1828 J. H. Moore 
Pract. Navig. (ed. 20) 154 The dip to be subtracted in the 
fore observation, and to be added in the back observation. 
Xu $ Beprorv Sailor's Pocket-bk. v. ‘ed. 2) 181 Measure 
angle .. from maintop; add dip for that height. 

4. The downward inclination of the magnetic 
needle at any particular place; the angle which 


| the direction of the needle makes with the horizon. 


1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Dipping-needle, The dip ..in 
ie year, 1576 he found at London to be 71° 50’. But the 
dip varies. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Keg. IL. zis The 
intensity of the. magnetic force was the greatest where the 
dip was the greatest, 1832 Vat, Philos., Magnetism iii. § 98. 
24 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) The dip diminishes as we app’ h 
the equator, and increases as we recede from it on either side. 
| J. Wytpr in Circ. Se. 1. 245/2 At the present time, 
the dip for London is about 67°. : vite 
5. Downward slope of a surface ; esp. in A/ining 
and Geol. the’ downward slope of a stratum or 
vein: estimated, as to direction, by the point of 
the compass towards which the line of greatest 
slope tends, and as to magnitude, by its angle of 
inclination to the horizon, ‘ 

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 40 There is a Rise, or 
Pret A a Colliery wool J, and so by C 
the Contrary Way a Dip or Setling. ang Hooson 
Miner’s Dict. Giij, The natural Dipp of a Vein is when it 
runs it self more down into the Rock. 1789 Brann //ist. 
Newcastle 11. 679 The strata. . have an inclination or descent, 
called the dip, to some particular part of the horizon. 18 
De La Becne Geol. Afan. (ed. 2) 545 The direction of faults 
and mineral veins, and the dip of strata, are daily becoming 
of greater importance. 7 A. H. Green Phys. Geol. 343 
The line of dip is the line of greatest inclination that can be 
drawn on the surface of a bed. 1891 S. C. Scrivener Fields 
& Cities 10 The very sudden lowering of the water-line in 
the river just around the gap, and the dip of the water 
aickly and more quickly i nampasgs GJ gap. 

6. A hollow or depression to which the surround- 
ing “—_ ground dips or sinks. 

1789 W. Gitein Hye 129 Woody hills which form beautiful 
dips at their intersections. vont Bacerons italy 1.175 We 
saw groves and villages in the dips of the hills. Gro. 
Euiot Romola u. viii, The great dip of ground .. making a 
gulf between her and the sombre calm of the mou 1S. 
= H. M. Srantey Dark Cont. 1. xvi. “jt, ae main 

umn arrived at the centre of the dip in the Uzimba ridge. 

7. (Short for dip-candle.) A candle made by fe- 
pated dipping a wick into melted tallow. 

1815 W. H. 


RELAND Seribbleomania 15 Paper .. brown 
sugar to fold, Tea, soap..dip or choice mould. 1829 


f. Div v.] $ 


Marrvat F. Mildmay viii, A $o—evhe. feathing 
contin, alte Uavaio ive. Se 1. 93/2 Speen 
candles are met with in ij 
2 Kind of faxthing dip Unitiendly and eyes. 
a 

8. A preparation into which something is dipped, 
as bronzing-dip, sheep-dip, etc. (cf. Dir v. 3). 

1871 7 rans. a. & Agric. Soc, Scot. Ser. wv. V1. 269 

Ihave WL i 


Any other di seen, 1877 NV. inc. Gloss., Dif, 
a uid in which are dipped to kill fags. 
1883 R. Hatpane Workshop S's Ser. n. 244 The 
made ney be cope’ ving in 1 gal. hot water 
4 lb. each perc of iron and perch! of ea 
1885 Daily News 15 Feb. 5/6 Before the arrival of the 
convoy there the carbolic acid was Sheep dip 
had to be substituted. : 


9. A sweet sauce for puddings, etc. (local Eng. 

and U.S.) 
F Voc. E. Anglia, Dip, for d i 

cates one Vos tapi Di ones eee 
Cheshire Gloss., Dip, sweet sauce eaten with pee i If 
flavoured with brandy it is called Brandy-dip. 

10. 7hieves’ slang. A pickpocket ; also pocket? 
picking. (Cf. Dir te sp 

in Matsert Vocab. 26 (Farmer). 1888 St. Louis 

Globe Democrat(¥armer Amer.), A dip.touched the Canadian 
sheriff for his watch and massive chain while he was reading 
the Riot Act. 


11. Comb. [In some cases it is the verb-stem 
rather than the sb.]: dip-bucket, a bucket con- 
trived to turn easily and dip into water; dip- 
candle, a candle made by repeatedly dipping a 
wick in melted tallow, a dipped candle; dip- 
circle, a dipping-needle having a vertical graduated 
circle for measuring the amount of the dip; dip- 
head, a heading driven to the dip in a coal-mine 
in which the beds have a steep inclination ; whence 
dip-head level; Aip-needle = DirPING-NEEDLE; _ 
dip-net, a small net with a long handle, used to 
catch fish by dipping it in the water ; dip-pipe, a 
valve in the hydraulic main of gas-works, etc., ar- 
ranged to dip into water or tar, or other liquid, and 
form a seal ; a seal-pipe ; dip-rod, a rod on which 
candle-wicks are hung to be dipped ; dip-section, 
a section showing the dip of the strata; dip-sector, 
a reflecting instrument on the principle of the sex- 
tant, used to ascertain the dip of the horizon: see 
SEctor ; dip-side, the side on which the dip or 
declivity is; dip-splint, a kind of friction match ; 
dip-trap, a drain trap formed by a dip or de- 
pression of the pipe in which water stands so as 
to prevent the upward passage of sewer-gas ; dip- 


well, a well whence water is got by dipping. 

1829 Marryat #. Mildmay ii, On it stood mone candle- 
stick, with a “dip-candle. 1864 Tuackeray D. Duvad vii. 
(1869) 96 ‘The apprentice .. came up .. from the cellar with a 
string of dip-candles. 1876 Davis Polaris Exp. ix. 218 One 
of the snow houses was designed for the *dip-circle. 1881 
Maxweit Electr. §& Magn. 11. 116 A new dip-circle, in 
which the axis of the needle .. is slung on_ two filaments 
of silk or spider’s thread, the ends of the filaments being 
attached to the arms of a delicate balance. Ure 


by the “dip-sector. 
Crinnell Exp. ix. (1 
sectors and i 


+. 50 oaks Fy the workmen in driving the 

North . Gloss., Dip-side, the low : 

Parkes Pract, Hygiene x. § 2. 5% The 0 

“di and the_notorious yp B. Fowxer in 

Proc. Geol. Assoc. X11. 364 This clay throws out two fine 
ings, forming *dip-we Hammer v 


par, obs. form of Drarer, 

Di; te (daipauteit), a [f, Di-1, L. dés- 
asunder + fartit-us divided, f. fartire to divide, 
part. (The L. compound was déspertitus.)}_ Di- 
vided into various parts. So Dipartited ///. a. ; 
Diparti'tion, <livision, ing asunder, 

1825 New Monthly Mag. X111. 61 Whose form is either 
dipartited, or di in con; erated ificence. 1838 
G. S. Fasex Hist. oe ix, 309 ee a} 4 
But, if any; one shall not believe this dipartition, let him at- 
tend to Scripture from the end to the commencement. 1885 
Rusin Preterita 1. iii. 83 Upon which I found my claim 
to the sensible reader's respect for these dipartite writings. 

vschal, a. [f. Di-2 twice + Pascuar.] 
Including two passovers. 

ax840 L. Carrenrer cited in WorCcESTER. 

Dip-bucket, -circle: see Dip sé. 11. 

Dipchick, var. of Dascuick. 

Dipe, obs. form of Derr. ap 

Dip-ears (di'piivsz). Also dip-ear. [f. Dip 2. 
+ Ear: ‘ from its graceful movements.’ Swainson. ] 
A marine bird, the Little Tern, Sterna minula. 


- 


DIPETALOUS. 


1883 Swatnson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 204 Little Tern 
(Sterna minuta) .. Dip ears (Norfolk). 

Dipetalous (dsipertales), a. ot. [f. mod.L. 
dipetal-us (f. Gr. &- (Di-2) twice + mérad-ov 
leaf, Pera.) + -ous.] Having two petals. 

1707 SLOANE Yamtaica I, Pref., Those which are Mono- 
petalous first, those Dipetalous next. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Diphanite (di-fanoit). An. [f. (1846) Gr. 
d-, dis twice, doubly + -pav-ns showing, appearing 

+ -ITE: ‘because it has quite a different aspect 
according to the direction in which it is looked 
at’.] A name given by Nordenskiéld to a mineral 
now regarded as belonging to the species Mar- 
GARITE, 

Viewed from the side, its prisms are bluish, transparent, 
and of vitreous lustre; looking down on the base, they are 
white, opaque, and of nacreous lustre. 

1850 Dana A/in. 292. 1868 /b7d. 507 Diphanite is from the 
Emerald mines of the Ural, with chrysoberyl and phenacite. 

Diphasic (doifézik), a [f. Gr. &- (Dr *) 
twice + pdois appearance, phase + -1¢.] Char- 
acterized by having two phases: sec. used of an 
electric variation of which the period of duration is 
divided into two stages, one positive and the other 
negative. 

188r Burpon SanpeErson in PAil, Trans. CLXXIII. 7 
The diphasic character of the variation. .is due to the inter- 
ference of the opposite electromotive actions of the upper 
and under cells. 

Dip-head: see Dir sf, 11. 

Diphen- in chemical terms: see Di-? 2, PHEn-. 

Diphenic (daiffnik), a. Chem. [f. Di-* + 
Puente.) In diphenic acid (2C,Hy-CO-OH) ob- 
tained by the oxidation of phenanthrene, one of the 
constituents of coal-tar. Its salts are Diphenates. 

1875 Watts Dict. Chem. VII. 434 Diphenic acid heated 
with excess of quick lime, is converted, not into diphenyl, 

‘but into diphenylene ketone. 

Diphenol (daiffngl). Chem. [f.D1-2 + PHenon 
(f. as next + -oLin adcohol).] 

An aromatic alcohol having the composition 
(C,H,OH), (that of PHEenou being C,H,OH). 
It has isomeric modifications, crystallizing in col- 
ourless rhombic crystals, and in shining needles. 

er Fownes’ Chem. 11. 567 Dioxydiphenyl or Di- 
phenol. ae : 

meen yt (cxiferall), Chem. [f. Di-2 + PHEnyn, 
F. phényle (f. paivew to show, bring to light + 
vAn substance: see -YL.] An aromatic hydro- 
carbon having the formula C,H C,H;,, or twice 
that of the radical PHEnyt. 

1873 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 758. 1877 Watts ibid. (ed. 12) 
II. 562 Diphenyl crystallizes from alcohol in iridescent 

- nacreous scales, d 

b. attrib. and Comd., as diphenyl group, diphenyl 
ketone, diphenyl-methane, etc. 

Diphe'nylami:ne,a crystalline substance having a pleasant 
odour and weakly basic properties, prepared by the dry dis- 
tillation of rosaniline blue, and used in the preparation of 
various dye-stuffs ; hence diphenylamine blue=spirit blue. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chen. 1V. 453 Diphenylamine heated 
with chloride of benzoyl yields ee 1882 
Athenzxum 25 Mar. 384/3 This colour is the chloride of a 
base which the author has proved to be diphenyldiamido- 
triphenylcarbinol. a) Manch. Exam. 6 Oct. 4/5 The pro- 
cess of facture. .o henyl phtol, resorcine, or 
alizarine dyes. 

Dipho'sphate. Chem. 
PHATE, 

1826 Henry Elem. Chem. 1, 121 There is also..a di- 
 sesigee Bega of x atom of phosphoric acid and 2 
atoms of the protoxide. c 1865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. 1. 220/2 
Pyrophosphate of soda is easily formed by heating to red- 
ness the common diphosphate of soda. 

Diphrela-tic, a. nonce-wd. [f. Gr. duppnddar-ns 
charioteer + -1¢.] Relating to the driving of a 
chariot, chariot-driving. (Azmorous or affected.) 

1849 De Quincey Eng. Mail Coach Wks. 1V. 327 Under 
this eminent man, whom in Greek I cognominated Cyclops 
diphrélates .. I : studied the diphrelatic art. > 

Diphtheria (difpieria). Park. [ad. F. diph- 
thérie, substituted by Bretonneau for his earlier 
term diphtherite : see DIPHTHERITIS.] 

An acute and highly infectious disease, character- 
ized by inflammation of a mucous surface, and by 
an exudation therefrom which results in the forma- 
tion of a firm pellicle or false membrane. Its chief 
seat is the mucous membrane of the throat and air 
passages, but other mucous surfaces are at times 
attacked, as are also wounds or abrasions of the 
skin. 

1857 Goprrey in Lancet Nov. 542 Report on Cases of 
Diphtheria or malignant sore throat. 1858 Chron. in Ann, 
Reg. 1 A disease of a new name has been recognised. 
From having first been noticed at Boulogne it was called 
the Boulogne sore throat ; it has now received the medical 
name of Diphtheria. 1858 Sat. Rev. VI. 11/2 To save us 
from cholera, typhus, and diphtheria. 1860 New Syd. Soc. 
Year-bk. 151 Ranking publishes a lecture on diphtheria, 
in which he describes the disease as one wholly new to 
this country. 1884 Sir L. Prayrair Sf. iz Pari. 18 Mar., 
Diphtheria .. when first imported from France in 1855, we 
used to call the Boulogne sore throat. 

attrib, 1881 Daily News 14 Sept. 5/4 The Russian 
journals publish some terrible details of the diphtheria 
epidemic in Russia, 1892 Daily News 21 Mar. 6/2 The 


See Dr-2 2 and Pros- 


> 


383 


diphtheria handbill which the sanitary authorities have 
published. 1895 Brit. Med. Frnt. 30 Mar. 721 The girl's 
throat was .. found to contain the diphtheria bacillus. 

Hence Diphthe‘rial, Diphthe'rian ad/s., of or 
belonging to diphtheria. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diphtherial. 
Frui. 26 Aug. 487 A detailed report on ., the chemical 
pathology of diphtheria, and on diphtherial palsy. 1884 
Pall Mall G. 3 July 3/1 Sucking a tube to draw out the 
‘diphtherian matter’ in his child’s throat, 1891 G. Mrre- 
pith Oxe of our Cong. 1, xii. 228 The diphtherian whisper 
the commonalty hear of the commonalty, 

Diphtherie (-erik), a. [f. Dirwrnerra + -1¢.] 
= DIPHTHERITIC. 

185g Semp.e Alem. Diphtheria v. 177 The diphtheric 
virus, 1860 New Syd. Soc. Vear-bk, 152 Diphtheric affec- 
tion of the skin. 1887 J. C. Morison Service of Man (1889) 
192 The surgeon who sucks diphtheric poison from a dying 
child’s throat and dies himself in consequence. 

|| Diphtherite (French): see DIPHTHERITIS. 

Diphtheritic (difpéri-tik), a. [mod. f. Dirn- 
THERITIS; in F. déphthéritique (Littré).] Of the 
nature or character of diphtheria; belonging to or 
connected with diphtheria. 

1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 118 The deposits which 
we include under the title Diphtheritic. 1850 Ramsay in 
Dublin Med. Press Aug. 137 (title) Diphtheritic Inflamma- 
tion of the Pharynx and Tonsils. 1884 R. Marryar in 
19th Cent. May 845 A woman. .suffering from a diphtheritic 
sore-throat. » 

b. Affected with or suffering from diphtheria. 

1880 Boston Frnl. Chem. Dec. 143 Dr. Day has often pre- 
scribed for diphtheritic patients..a gargle composed of 
.. salt dissolved in .. water. 

Hence Diphtheri‘tically a/v., in the manner of 
diphtheria. 

1886 CressweLt in Santtarian (N. Y.) XVII. 202 Likeli- 
hood of rendering them diphtheritically infectious. 

Diphtheritis (difpéraitis). Lash. Also 
||(Fr.) diphtherite. [mod. f. Gr. dp0épa or 
bipOepis skin, hide, piece of leather + -17TIS; the 
disease being so named on account of the tough 
membrane developed upon the parts affected. 

First used in 1821 in the French form diphthirite by 
Bretonneau of Tours in a paper before the French Academy, 
published 1826; the word was taken into English and 
German medical literature, usually as diphtheritis, though 
the Fr, form was occasional in the scanty English notices 
of the disease before 1857. 855, Bretonneau in a new 


1893 Brit. Aled. 


In 1855, 
memoir substituted the name @/phthérie, probably because 
terms in -7¢e, -1TIS, are properly formed on names of the 
part affected, as in dvenchitis, laryngitis; in Eng. this 
was adapted as diphtheria, when ‘ Boulogne sore-throat’ 
became epidemic here in 1857-58; but the adj. ¢iphtheritic 
was generally retained in preference to diphtheric used by 
some, (Contributed by Dr. W. Sykes.)] 

= DIPHTHERIA. 

[1826 Bretonneau Traité de la Diphthérite(Hatz.-Darm.), 
Qu’il me soit permis de désigner cette phlegmasie par la 
dénomination de ‘diphthérite’, 1839-47 ‘Topp Cycd. Anat. 
ILI. 116/1 Examples of croup... analogous to the diph- 
therite of Bretonneau. 1860 New Syd. Soc. Vear-bk. 151 
‘The great distinctive mark between diphtherite and croup.] 

1826 Loud. Med. Rev. XXV1. 499 Review of Bretonneau 
on Diphtherit's, 1840 A. ‘Tweepie Syst. Pract. Med. 1V. 
48 This species of angina is characterized by the formation 
of albuminous pellicles on the surface of the inflamed mem- 
brane, whence it was named by M. Bretonneau of Tours 
*Diphtheritis’, 1855 A. Smita in Dudlin Hosp. Gaz. I. 
149 Diphtheritis successfully treated by chlorate of potash. 
1858 Sat. Rev. VI. 2/1 Diphtheritis has become a name 
more terrible than the small-pox. 1859 C. West D/s. 
Infancy & Childhood (ed. 4) xxv. 381 This other disease, 
Angina Maligna, Diphtheritis, or more correctly Diphtheria, 
is no new malady, : ‘ 

Diphtheroid (di‘fpéroid), a. [f. as prec. + 
-om.] Of the form or appearance of diphtheria. 

1861 Bumsteap Vex. Dis. (1879) 450 Diphtheroid (chancre] 
of the glans. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diphtheroid, like a 
tanned skin, or like Diphtheria, or a diphtheritic product. 
Ibid,, Diphtheroid ulceration. 

Diphthong (difpen), sd. Forms: 5-6 dip- 
tong(e, (dypton), 6 dyphtong, diphthonge, 
-gue, 7-9 dipthong, 8 dipthongue, 6- diph- 
thong. [a. F. diphthongue, earlier dyptongue, ad, 
L. diphthong-us, a. Gr. dipOoyyos, adj. having two 
sounds, sb. a diphthong, f. &:-, dis twice, doubly 
+ pOdyyos voice, sound.] 

A union of two vowels pronounced in one syllable ; 


the combination of a sonantal with a consonantal 


| vowel. 


The latter is usually one of the two vowels 7 and z, the 
extremes of the vowel scale, which pass into the consonants 
y, w. When these sounds, called by Melville Bell gies, 
follow the sonantal vowel, the combination is called a 
‘falling diphthong’, as in out, how, boil, boy; when they 
precede, the combination is a ‘rising diphthong’, as in It. 
nuove, Piano. It is common in the latter case to consider 
the first element as the consonant zu or I 

1483 Cath. Ang. 100/2 A Diptonge [47S, A. Dypton], 
diptongus. 1530 PatsGcr. 213/2 Diphthonge, diphthongue 
@1637 B. Jonson Exg. Gram. vy, Dipthongs are the com- 
plexions, or couplings of Vowells, 1668 Witkins Real 
Char. 15 Tand « ee to our English pronunciation 
of them, are not properly Vowels, but STiptithiongss 1749 
Power Pros. Numbers 9 All Dipthongs are naturally long. 
But in English Numbers they are often short. 1876 C. B 
Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §17 When two vowel sounds 
are uttered whout a break between them, we get what is 
called a vocal or sonant diphthong. 1888 J. Wricut O. 7, 
German Prim. $10 Allthe OHG, diphthongs.. were falling 
diphthongs ; that is, the stress fell upon the first of the two 


DIPHY-. 


elements. 1892 Sweet New Eng. Gram. 230 If two vowels 
are uttered with one impulse of stress, so as to form a 
single syllable, the combination is called a diphthong, such 
as (oi) in 072. 

b. Often applied to a combination of two vowel 
characters, more correctly called Dicrapu. 

When the two letters represent a simple sound, as ea, ov, 
in head \hed\, souf (sip), they have been termed an improper 
diphthong : properly speaking these are smonophthongs 
written by digraphs. 

1530 Patscr. 15 This diphthong ow .. in the frenche tong 
shalbe sounded lyke as the Italians sounde this vowell 7, 
¢ 1620 A, Hume rit. Tongue (1865) 10 We have of this thre 
diphthonges, tuae with a befoer, ae and ai, and ane with 
the e befoer, ea, 1668 Price in A, J. Ellis A. 2. Pronune. 
1. ili, (Chaucer Soc.) 125 ‘Vhat is an improper dipthong that 
loseth the sound of one vowel. ‘There are eight improper 
dipthongs, ea ee ze eo, ea 00 ui, ou obscure as in cousin. 
1876 C. P. Mason /eng. Gram. (ed. 21) § 17 When two of 
the letters called vowels are written together to represent 
either a sonant diphthong or a simple vowel sound, we 
get a written diphthong or digraph. /4/d. § 25 The same 
letter or diphthong often represents very different vowel 
sounds, 

ec. esp. In popular use, applied to the ligatures 
wv, @ of the Roman alphabet. 

As prenounced in later L., and in modern use, these are 
no longer diphthongs, but monophthongs; the OE. liga- 
tures @ and @ always represented monophthongs. 

1587 Harrison Avgland . xix. (1877) 1. 312 Waldane with 
adiphthong. 1631 Wreever Aac, 4x. Mon. Vo Rar. A ij, 
I write the Latine.. as I find it ../ vocall for # diph- 
thong, diphthongs being but lately come into use. 1702 
Appison Dial. A/edals (1727) 20 We find that Felix is 
never written with an c: dipthongue. 1756-7 tr. Aeys/er's 
Trav. (1760) III, 222 The epitaph, in which the dipthong 
#, according to the custom of those times, is expressed by a 
single e.. Vitam obtit VII Id. Oct. etatis sue ann. I. & L. 

d. ¢ransf. Applied to a combination of two con- 
sonants in one syllable (consonantal diphthong), 
especially to such intimate unions as those of ch 
(tf) and de or 7 (dz), in chatrch, judge. 

1862 M. Hopkins //awari 65 The Hawaiian alphabet .. 
is .. destitute of consonant diphthongs, 1889 Pitman Man, 
Phonogr. (new ed.) § 64 ‘The simple articulations £, 4, ¢, «, 
etc. are often closely united with the liquids 27 and 7, form- 
ing a kind of consonant diphthong .. as in plough .. try. 

e@. altitb, = DIPHTHONGAL, 

1798 H. Brair Lect. I. ix (R.), We abound more in vowel 
and diphthong sounds, than_most languages. 

Di‘phthong, v. [f. prec. sb.: cf. mod.F, 
diphthonguer.| trans. To sound as a diphthong ; 
to make intoadiphthong. 

1846 Worcester cites Chr, Observ. 1888 Sweet Eng. 
Sounds 21 Isolative diphthonging or ‘ vowel-cleaving’ 
mainly affects long vowels. /é7d. 277 The characteristic 
feature of the [living English] vowel-system is its diph- 
thonging of all the earlier long monophthongs. 1894 F. J. 
Curtis Rimes of Chariodus 50 Arguments for the diph- 
thonging of Z in early texts. 

Diphthongal (dif}eygal’, a. [f. DieurHona 
sb. + -AL.] Of or bélonging to a diphthong; of 
the nature of a diphthong. 

1748 Phil, Trans. XLV. 403 That 7 vocal Notes or Vowels 
. Struck, as one may say, in diphthongal or triphthongal 
Chords with each other, may well enough account for the 
Sounds of our Language. 1806 M. Smarr in AMonth/y 
Mag. XX1. 14 So easily does x slide into vowel or dip- 
thongal sounds, 1867 A. J. Exuis 2. 2. Pronunc.t, iii. 116 

3en Jonson .. entirely ignores the diphthongal character 
of long 7 1888 Sweet Lug. Sounds 248 A diphthongal 
pronunciation of the .. words, 

Hence Diphthongally @/v. 

1846 WorcesTER cites Wyte. A/od, The question whether 
long ¢ was already pronounced diphthongally in 1500. 

Diphthonga‘tion. vae-°. [f. DirntHona 
v.: see -ATION. Cf. mod.F. diphthongaison.] = 
DIPHTHONGIZATION, In mod, Dicts 

Diphthongic (difpeygik), a. [f. Gr. dipOoyy- 
ov DIPHTHONG sd, + -IC.] = DIPHTHONGAL. 

1880 Sweer in President's Addr. Philol. Soc. 41 The 
treatment of the diphthongic vowel, 1886 — in Academy 
24 Apr. 295/3 ‘The older true diphthongic pronunciation of 
[Latin] ae and oe nearly as in English dy and doy. 

Diphthongiz e (difppngaiz), v. [ad. Gr. dup- 
doyyi¢-ev to spell with a diphthong : see -1zE.] 

1. ¢vans. To turn into a diphthong. 

1868 G. Steruens Runic Mon. 1. 52 All sorts of broaden- 
ings and thinnings of vowels, diphthongizings [etc.], 1874 
Sweet Eng. Sounds 56, i and uu being diphthongized. 
1877-9 Trans. Philol. Soc. 453 In German, original long 
2 was already diphthongized when the orthography began to 
settle down into its present form, 

2. intr. To form a diphthong. 

1867 A. J. Exxis £. Engl, Pronunce. 1. iii. 196 This second 
(2) may diphthongise with any preceding vowel. _ 

Hence Di:phthongiza‘tion, the changing of a 
simple vowel into a diphthong. 

1874 Sweet Exg. Sounds 70 The most prominent feature 
of our present English is its tendency to diphthongization. 

Diphthongous (difpeyges), a. rare. [f. as 
DipHtHone + -ous.] Of the nature ofa diphthong; 
diphthongal, 

in Rana Museum 11.116 Mere modulations of the 
vowels, or at most different diphthongous combinations. 
Diphy-, ad. Gr. dpv- from diupv-ys, of double 
nature or form, double, bipartite ; a frequent forma- 
tive of modern scientific words: as Di‘phycere 
Ichth. [Gr. xépx-os tail], a diphycercal fish. 
Diphycercal (difisd‘1kal) @., having the tail 


° 


DIPHYLLOUS. 


divided into two equal halves by the caudal spine. 
Di‘phycerey, diphycercal condition. 
Zool., a» member of the Diphyide, a family of 


Di-phyid — 


Hydrozoa, having a pair of swimming-bells oppo- | 


site each other on the upper part of the stem. 
Di-phyodont a. (Gr. d5ov7- tooth}, having two dis- 
tinct sets of teeth; consisting (as teeth) of two sets: 
as in the deciduous and permanent teeth of mam- 
mals; as sh. a diphyodont mammal. Diphy- 
zo’oid, diphyo- Zoo/., a free-swimming organism 
consisting of a group of zooids detached from a 
colony of Hydrozoa of the order Siphonophora. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Diphycerc, a fish with the form of 
tail called Diphycercal. 1870 Roteston Anim. Life 
Introd. 7o A true “diphycercal tail is finally produced in 
the Acanthopteri. 871 Huxiey Anat, Vert, Anim. i. 16 
The extremity of the spine divides the caudal fin-rays into 
two nearly equal moieties, an upper and a lower, and the 
fish is said to be diphycercal. 1884 Sepawick tr, Claus’ 
Zool. 1. 250 These groups of individuals may in some 
*diphyids become free and assume a separate existence as 
Eudoxia, 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. 
*diphyodonts ., generate two sets of teeth, Jdid., The 
diphyodont mammalia, 1883 FLower in Glasgow li ‘eekly 
Her. 14 July 8/1 Teeth .. of the simple homodont and 
diphyodont type. 1861 J. R. Greene Man, Anim. Kingd., 
Calent, 1co ‘The same naturalist (H uxley) has proposed the 
distinctive term of ‘*Diphyozodids’ for those singular de- 
tached pope portions of adult Calycophoride which 
received the name of ‘monogastric Diphyde’. 1877 Huxtry 
Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. § 3. 145 As they attain their full de- 
velopment, each set becomes detached, as a free-swimming 
complex Diphyzooid. In this condition’ they grow and alter 
their form and size so much that they were formerly regarded 
as distinct genera. 

Diphyllous (deifilos), a. Zot. [f. mod L, 
diphyll-us $. Gr. &-, (D1-2) twice + pvaAd-ov leaf) 
+-0U8.] Having two leaves (or sepals). 

1788 Jas. Lee /utrod. Bot, 1. xi. (ed. 4) 25 The Calyx .. 
In respect to its Parts it is... Diphyllous, of two [leaves] as in 
fumaria. 1819 Pantologia, Diphyllous, in botany, a two- 
leaved calyx : as in papaver and fumaria. 

Diphyo-: see Dirny-. 

Diphysite (dirfisait), sd. (a.) Theol. [f. Gr. 
&-, dis twice, doubly + pdors nature + -1TE.] One 
who held the doctrine (Ditphysiti:sm), of two 
distinct natures in Christ, a divine and a human, 
as opposed to the monophysite doctrine: see Dyo- 
PHYSITE, 


Diplanetic (daiplaine: tik), a. Bot. [mod. f. Gr. 
&- Di- = twice + rAavnrix-ds ‘disposed to wander, 
f. mAavnrés wandering (see PLANET).] Having 
two active periods separated by a period of rest : 
said of the zoospores of certain Fungi of the family 
Saprolegniexw. So Diplanetism, the condition or 
property of being diplanetic. 

1888 M. M. Hartoc in Annals of Bot. 203 note, The ‘first 
form’ of zoospore .. is ovoid with a pair of flagella from 
the front .. The ‘second form’ is uniform with an anterior 
and posterior flagellum diverging from the hilum. ‘The 
existence of these two forms constitutes the phenomenon 


of diplanetism. 
+ Dip lanti* dian, a. Obs. : Gr. 8idd-0s 
double: + dv7i against, opposite + e/60s form, image 
+-IAN.] Applied to a form of telescope proposed 
by Jeaurat in 1778, giving two images, one direct 
and the other reversed, the coincidence of which 
might be used to determine transits. 
1807 I. Youne Lect. Nat. Phil. & Mech, Arts V1. 351. 
us (dipla-tpras), a. Zool. [f. Gr. 
Semdo-os chews Hg + Gp9p-oy joint + -ous.] Having 
the carpal or tarsal bones doubly articulated, i.e. 
the several bones of one row alternating with those 
of the other, as in ungulate mammals: opp. to 
taxcopodous. So Dipla'rthrism, the condition of 
being diplarthrons. 

887 E. D. Core in Amer, Nat, XXI. 987 All ungulates 
in passing from the taxeopodous to the diplarthrous stages, 
phones g the Preeon me Ibid. 988 The advance of 
diplarthrism is in direct ratio to the adyance of digiti- 
gradism, for the greater the wee th of the foot, the greater 
is the elasticity of the leg, and the greater is the torsion, 

Diplasic (diple-zik, doi-), a. Pros. [f.Gr. bmad- 
ows F wolold, double, f. &-, dis twice + -mAaatos 
-fold.] Double, twofold ; having the ct 04 ear of 
two to one, as in diplasic phn, Raa r. detAagiov 
Adyos. 

a J. Haptey Zs, 98 They may have a ratio of two to 
one~a diplasic age Se as the ancients called it—as in the 


trochee, lbid., T’ ratio Ss to our c 

time, 

Dipla‘tinamine, Chem.: see Di-2 2 and 
+ PLATINAMINE, 


Diplo (dipl7). [Gr. SrA, fem. of dumdrods 
double (sc. ypappy stroke, hee ty A marginal 
mark of this form >, used by the ancient gram- 
marians to indicate various r ings, rejected verses, 
beginning of a new paragraph, ete. 

Biount Glossogr., Difle, a note or mark in the 
Dig to signifie that there i is what to be 


oa (doiplidgia). Path, [mod.L., f. 
Gr Be is twice + mAnyy stroke.) Paralysis 
affecting corresponding parts on both sides of ‘the 


384 


note : Hence Diplegic iieiple daha a, ming: 
to di or to corres rts on both si 
manleonn ee 
Dipleidoscope (diploiddskomp). [f. Gr. —. 
os double + ef50s form, image + -oxomos viewi 


_ watcher.] An instrument consisting of a ho Io 
_ triangular prism, with two sides silvered and one 


| bid 


(c 1865) II. 100/1 The | 


of glass, used for determining the meridian transit 
of a heavenly body by the coincidence of the two 
images formed by single and double reflexion. 

3 E. J. Dent (¢it/e), A Description of the Dipleidoscope. 
(1867) 14 The criterion for determining the position of 
the Dipleidoscope is, that the two images must coincide, 
or ay ras one, when the chronometer shows, according 
to the equation table for 1868, rrh. 49m. 12.15. 185% 
Offic. Catal. Exhib.1. 414. F. J. Brrrren Watch 
Clockm. 88 The advantages of the dipleidose over the 
ordinary forms of sun dials are: the passage of the sun over 
the meridian is indicated with greater exactness, and the 
reflections may be discerned in weather too cloudy to see 
any shadow on the sun dial. 

|| Dipleura (daipliira), sd. 7. Morphol. [mod. 
L., fener pl. of dipleur-us, f. Gr. &-, Bis twice 
+ mAeupd side (of the body).] Organic forms with 
bilateral symmetry having a single pair of antimeres 
or corresponding opposite parts. Hence Dipleural 
a., zygopleural with only two antimeres. Dipleu’- 
ric a., having right and left sides ; exhibiting bi- 
lateral symmetry. 

1883 P. Geppes in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 844/2 The Zygo- 
pleura include forms bilaterally symmetrical in the strictest 
sense, in which not more than two radial planes, and these 
at right angles to each other, are present. Haeckel again 
divides these, according to the number of antimeres, into 

Tetraplenra and Dipleura, TIbid., The term bilateral . 
must be rigidly restricted. .to the Centropipeda if not indeed 
to dipleural forms. 

Dipleurobranchiate (daipliie ro;breenki't, 
a. Zool. [f. mod.L. Difleurobranchia (f. Gr. &- 
twice + mAeupa side + Bpayxia gills) + -aTE?.] Hay- 
ing the characters of the Dipleurobranchia or In- 
Jerobranchiata, nudibranchiate gastropods having 
foliaceous branchiz situated in a fold on each side 
of Aad shell-less body. 

Diplex (dsipleks), a. [An arbitrary alteration 
of duplex after Di-* twice (Preece).] Zelegr. 
Chereterined by the passing of two messages 
simultaneously in the same direction. 

‘ Now (1895) properly restricted to the system whereby the 
transmission of one message is effected by means of achange 
in strength of current only, irrespective of direction, and 


that of the other by change of direction of the currents | 


—— reference to their strength’ (W. H. Preece). 

W. H. Preece in Post Office Official Techn. instruct, 
Dip lex telegraphy consists in sending two messages in the 
same direction at the same time. 1879 G. Prescotr SP. 
Telephone 346 Two messages may be sent over a single wire 
in the same or in opposite directions, and when we do not 
care to particularize cither, we simply allude to them under 
the more common generic name of duplex transmission, 
which includes both. When, however, we wish to speak of 
either method by itself, we use the term diplex for simul- 
taneous transmission in the same direction, and contraplex 
for that in opposite directions, 


Diplo- (di-plo’, before a vowel dipl-, combining 
form of Gr. Siwdd-o8, derAovs twofold, double, oc- 
casional in ancient Greek, now used in many scien- 
tific terms; e.g. Diplobacte'ria 5). 7/., bacteria 
consisting of two cells, or adhering in pairs, Di- 
plobla'stic a. /7o/., having two germinal layers, 
the hypoblast and epiblast. Diploca'rdiac a. Zool, 
having the heart double, i.e. with the right and left 


| halves completely separate, as birds and mammals. 


Diploce‘phaly, monstrosity consisting in havin, 
two heads. || Diploco’ceus /io/., a cell formec 4 
by conjugation of two cells, Diploco’nical a., of 
the form ofa double cone, Di*plodal a. Zool. | Gr. 
65-6s way + -AL], of sponges, having both canals, 
prosodal (of entrance) and aphodal (of exit) well 
developed. Di‘plodoxy once-wd. (see quot.). 
Diplogangliate a., having ganglia arranged in 
pairs; said of a division of animals es Ro nal 
gliata) nearly e cag to Cuvier’s Articu 
Diploge’nesis, t e production of double organs 
or parts instead of single ones; the formation of 
a double monster ; hence Diplogene'tic a.; Diplo- 
genic a., ‘producing two substances; partaking 
of the nature of two bodies’ (Craig 1847). Di‘plo- 
graph (sce quot.) ; so Diplogra‘phical a., of or 
pertaining to writing double; also Diplo'graphy. 
Diplonen:ral a, Anat., supplied by two nerves of 
—_ origin, asamuscle; Diploneuro'sea. Zool., 
belonging to the Diploneura (Grant's term for the 
Articulata, as having a double nerve-cord running 
along the body); Diplonew'rous a., ‘having two 
ee systems; also, belonging to the Léf/o- 
* (Syd. Soe. Lex). - Diploperi‘stomous a, 
Bot, of mosses, having a double peristome, or fringe 
round the mouth of the capsule, Diplopla‘cula 
Embryol. a PLAacuLa composed of two layers re- 
tai from transverse fission; hence Diplopla’- 


DIPLOHEDRON. 


cular, Diplopla: 

Zool., belonging to the order Diplopoda (= Chei- 
lognatha) of Myriapods, having two pairs of limbs 
on each segment whine dice etree 
order; hence Diplopodous a. Diplo-pterous 

Entom., belonging to the famil Diploptera (the 
true wasps) in Latreille’s classification of insects, 
which have the fore wings folded when at rest. 
Diplosphe'nal @., Di‘plosphene, Avza/.= Hypo- 
SPHENAL, HYPOSPHENE. a. Zool., 
said of a vertebral segment having two centra, or 
of a vertebral column having twice as many centra 
as arches, as in fishes and batrachians; hence 
Diplospo’ndylism, the condition of being diplo- 
spondylic, Diplo’stichous a., arranged in two 
rows, as the eyes of certain spiders. Diplosy-n- 
theme = DISYNTHEME. 

1888 F. P. Bi-tincs in Amer. Nat. XXII. 123 We may 
find two apparently mature organisms enclosed in a 
common capsule .. diplo-bacteria may assume a 
curved or sausage shape. 67 C. A. Harris Dict. 
OS oO nage ed ag 

. oc. Lex. 2 
in Teratology on candice ot foetus having tte heads on 
one bod Macatister tr. Ziegler's Pathol. Anat. . 
§ 185 asia Re pe enclosed in a cylindrical sheath are 


— ascococci; coupled spherules are di i; chains 
lets of ph tase faci eeenew ay “an in ie Leo =cng 
ie ‘(Ballot describes d 
1887 W. J. Sottas in Encycl. ‘Brit. XXIL 4us/t This, 
which from the marked presence of both and 
aphodal canals may be termed the dip/odal type of the 
RKhagon canal system, occurs but rarely. 1851 /raser’s 
Mag. XLII. 289 An orthodoxy with cm tails—or a diplo- 
— coin a word—which affirms the co-existence of 


pairs 
gang iata. 


is more or less dunia. ie Catal, Sei. “oP. 
2052 Diplograph. Writing machine for the lind, Se which 
writing in relief and ordinary writing are performed at the 
same time. 1 C. Wren Parentalia 212 He [Wren] in- 
vented the art of double writing. . by an instrument called the 
Diplographical Instrument, Grand Mag. of Mi 

Nov., In 1647, about three years before Mr. Wren ar y 

oduced his crac instruments. 1824 Mech. 

0. 60. 59 Diplogray 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II. Py 
Belonging to the poo Mili . divisions the animal 
kingdom. 1870 Bextiey Bot. 369, With two rows, they are 
diploperistomous, 1884 A. Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Wat. 
Hist. XXIL1. 89 In this way the primitive differentiation 
of the placula into two layers is established in what we have 
designated the diploplacula. W xaos Diplopod 
(Zool.), one of a group of myri: 
Inst. Rep., Zool. (Cent. Dict. , One of the myrio- 
pods, 1884 O. C. Marsu Amer. Jurassic Dinosaurs in 
Amer. Frnl. Se. CXXVIT. 334 In Ceratosaurus. - These 
vertebra show the di artic seen in Me- 

——— 1888 Roiteston & Jacson Anim, Life 525 

‘he lateral eyes in Scorpionide and all the eyes of Limulus 
are monostichous ; the central eyes of the former group and 
other Arachnids, so far as known, diplostichous. 

I Diploe (di‘ploz). [mod.L., a. Gr. durddy 
doubling, fold, overlapping of the bones of the 
skull (Hippocrates), f, derAdos double.] 

1. Anat, The light 
tissue lying between the hard dense inner and outer 
layers of the bones of the skull. Trans gi am 

in Pures (ed. 1699 . ey S vans, ul 599 oe 
Bien v Vessels of the "Bisme might 
dental blow. 1741 Monro Anat Bones 
of the Cranium are composed of two (ot ye he Bone 


intermediate 

Diploe. rae Goocn feet Sabana, 1, , 

ofthe skull, there is naturally little and in old 

subjects, scarce any remains. T. Bryant . Surg. 

I. 197 An acute in! mation of the diploé of the skull, 
2.- Bot. == DIACHYMA, 
1866 Treas. Bot., Diploe, that 


of the parenchyme of 
a leaf which intervenes between the two eins Tie ae 
Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 406 


p nian ot teehee eee left Secteahe duced 


vescalar bundles, is mainly oceupied by parenchyma, which 
is ener called a leafparenchyma or in the — case of 


h or Di 
Mesophyil sonnel to De Candol 
Hence Diploe’tic a., bad form for DrpLorc. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. Diploetic, of, or belonging to, the 
plohedron (diplohidryn). bla % oa re 
+ Gr. €5pa seat, base; cf. fv ; 
form contained by Bey in ‘eapescital plans ‘s 
gf eee rh oe Tne lara 
‘ot SS. QUT “S 
ee ere Cen eek ie a 
Nisin tary, 6 he me to 
ron 
idea of the form feces ae a 
or broken-faced pent ’ 


diplohed: met on of pyrites, and occur 


Paral aces, om 


Gunny, C; cpa Bw 
in which cach nora otal bees 


‘culate a. Di‘plopod a. and si. _ 


DIPLOIC. 


Diploic (dipleik), a. Anat. [f. Drpuox +-10.] 
Belonging to the diploe. 

1855 Hoipen Hum. Osteol. (2878) 118 We may speak 
of the frontal, temporal, and occipital diploic veins. " 

Digions (diploid). Crystal. [f. Gr. d:dd-os 
double + ¢fS0s form.] A solid belonging to the 
isometric system, contained within twenty-four tra- 
pezoidal planes ; = DIPLOHEDRON. 

|| Diploidion (diploi-dign). Gr. Antig. [Gr. 
SimAotdiov dim. of dirAofs: see next.] A form of 
the chiton or tunic worn by women, having the part 
above the waist double with the outer fold hanging 
loose, somewhat like a sleeveless mantle; some- 
times applied to this outer fold itself. 

1850 Lerrcu Miiller’s Anc. Art § 340. 405 It was twisted 
across round the chest, and was there pinned together 
it has often also a kind of cape in the manner of the 
diploidion. 

|| Diplois (diplojis). Gr. Antig. [Gr. d:dois 
double cloak, f. d:mAd-os double.] = prec. 

1887 B. V. Heap Hist, Numorum 177 A woman clothed 
in a sleeveless talaric chiton with diplois. 

eyronte (ditploait). Miz. [mod.f. Gr. derAd- 
os (Dreto-) + -1TE.] A variety of Anorthite, also 
called Latrobite. : 

1825 Amer. ¥rnl. Sc. 1X. 330 Diploite of Breithaupt. 
1832 SHerarp Min. 186 Diploite. 
ploma (dipldu-ma),sé. Pl.-as, sometimes -ata. 

[a. L. diploma a state letter of recommendation, an 
- official document conferring some favour or privi- 

lege, a. Gr. démAwya (-par-), (lit. a doubling), a 

folded paper, a letter of recommendation, later a 

letter of licence or privilege, f. 5:7Ad-ev to double, 

to bend or fold double, f. é&:mAd-os double. Cf. F. 

aiplome (Aubert 1728). 

. A state paper, an official document ; a charter. 

* In modern times, a general term for ancient imperial and 
ecclesiastical acts and grants, public treaties, deeds of con- 
veyance, letters, wills, and similar instruments, drawn up in 
forms and marked with peculiarities varying with their 
dates and countries’ (Zucycl. Brit. s.v.). 

1645 Howe t Lef?t. (1650) II. 1. 19 The king of Spain.. 
was forced to publish a diploma wherein he dispens'd with 
himself (as the Holland story hath it) from payment. 1684 
Scanderbeg Rediv. vi. 150 To pass a Diploma constituting 
his Lordship a Count of the Empire. 1845 S. AusTIN 
Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1. 425 They carefully avoided consult- 
ing the elector, and kept the diploma of his nomination to 
themselves. 185: D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) IL. tv. i. 
196 The curious diploma addressed to Eric. .respecting the 
genealogy of William St. Clair. 1877 Excycl. Brit. VII. 
254/1 Merovingian sovereigns authenticated their 
diplomas by the addition of their signature. 

b. An original document as a matter of historical 
investigation or literary study; Z/. historical or 
literary muniments. 

{697 H. Wantey Let. to T. Smith in Lett. Eminent 
Persons (1813) I. 80 My present design..is more relating 
to the nature of Letters, than to the Diplomata or Charters 
themselves.] 1845 De bd Suspiria Wks. 1890 XIII. 

47 If in the vellum palimpsest, lying amongst the other 
Reacieata of human archives or libraries, there is anything 
fantastic. 1891 H. H. Howortu in Sfectator 12 Dec. 
843/1. It [the Old Canon of Scripture] .. contained books 
originally written in Hebrew, in so-called Chaldee, and in 
Greek. .all of them treated as their most sacred diplomata 
by the early Christians and the early Councils. 

. A document granted by a competent authority 
conferring some honour, privilege, or licence; esf. 
that given by a university or college, testifying to 
a degree taken by a person, and conferring upon 
him the rights and privileges of such degree, as to 
teach, practise medicine, or the like. 

@ 1658 CLEVELAND Gex. Poems, etc. (1677) 153 You have 
Ennobled me with your Testimony, and I shall keep your 
Paper as the Diploma of my Honour. 1682 Grew Avat. of 
Plants Pref. Aija, ‘The Printer, whose Name was to be 
inserted therein, not having received his Diploma till that 
time. 1702 C, Matuer Magn. Chr. 1. (1853) I. 26 This 
university did present their President with a diploma for 
a doctorate. 1703 Maunprett Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 110 
This morning our Dipl a were p ed to us..to 

ify we had visited all the holy places. 71x Lond. Gaz. 

No. a8r2/4 Pretends to be a Physician, having a Diploma 

to that : ect from the College of Doway. 1772 WESLEY 

2 


: ihe ., They .. presented me with the freedom of 
* 


f diploma ran thus. 1795 in Sir J. Sinclair 
- r. (1831) II, 21 My sincere thanks .. for the diploma .. 
admitting me a occiga honofary member of the d of 
Be sc ann 1841 Borrow Zincali I. i. § 1. 15 The writ 
of di 


ploma or privilege of settling near the free and royal 
towns. 1849 Lewis Authority in Matters Opin. ix. § 17. 


39 The granting of diplomas by universities or other learned 
dies pr on the sup t the public require 
some assistance to their judgment in the choice of profes- 
sional services, and that such an official scrutiny into the 
qualifications of practitioners is a useful security against the 
imposture or i Pp of mere pretenders to skill. 1863 
Emerson Misc. Papers, H. D. Thoreau Wks. (Bohn) IIT. 
393 No college ever offered him a diploma, or a professor's 
chair. 


b. attrib., as diploma picture (in chartered academies and 
societies of art), one given to the society by a member on 
his election ; in the case of the Royal Academy kept in the 
Diploma Gallery. 

186r THornsury Zurner (1862) I. 258 Turner’s diploma 
picture was ‘Dolbadern’ .. full of the id solemnity of 
evening. 1883 Pal/ Mail G. 10 Oct. 1/2 The least known 
ne collection of art in London is certainly the Diploma 

allery of thes Royal Academy, 

OL. 5 


385 


4 3. The following medizval L. senses are also 
given in dictionaries, but with no claim to English 
use. @.=DipLor 1; b. A folded cloth; @. A 
double vessel used in chemical operations. 

1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey) (a and b’. 1823 Crane 
Technol, Dict. (c), Thus, ‘ To boil in diploma’ is to put the 
vessel..into a second vessel, to which the fire is applied. 
1853 Sover Pantropheon 262 (c). 

Hence Diplo-maless a., without a diploma. 

1837 G. Witson Let. in Life (1860) II. 82 Diplomaless 
oe 1873 H. Curwen Hist. Booksellers 61 A diplomaless 

octor, 

Diplo'ma, v. [f.prec.sb.] ¢rans. To furnish 
with a diploma. Chiefly in ff/, a. Diplomaed 
(partly from the sb.: cf. certificated). 

183 Tretawny Adv. Younger Son 1. 238 Surgical know- 
ledge, superior to many of the diploma’d butchers. 1843 
Cartyte Past & Pr. tv. vii, Doggeries never so diplomaed, 
bepuffed, gas-lighted, continue doggeries, and must take 
the fate of such. 1869 W. R. Grec Lit, §& Social Fudge. 
(ed. 2) 400 They have, as it were, been diploma-ed and 
laureated to this effect, stamped with the Hall Mark. 

Diplomacy (diplowmiasi). [a. F. diplomatie 
(pronounced -cze), f. d7plomate, diplomatique, after 
aristocrate, aristocratique, aristocratie: see DIPLO- 
MATIC and -acy. So It. diplomazia, Sp. diplo- 
macia, Ger. and Du. dzplomatie, all from Fr.] 

I. 1. The management of international relations 
by negotiation; the method by which these relations 
are adjusted and managed by ambassadors and 
envoys; the business or art of the diplomatist ; 
skill or address in the conduct of international 


intercourse and negotiations. 

igi Burke Regic. Peace u. Wks. VIII. 243 note, He 
did what he could to destroy the double diplomacy of 
France. He had all the secret correspondence burnt. 1797 
Jbid. 1. 348 The only excuse for all our mendicant diplo- 
macy is .. that it has been founded on absolute necessity. 
1809 W. Irvine Avickerb. iv. xi. (1849) 246 His first 
thoughts were all for war, his sober second thoughts for 
diplomacy. _ 1828 Wesster, Diplomacy .. the customs, 
rules and privileges of embassadors, envoys and other re- 
presentatives of princes and states at foreign courts; 
forms of negotiation. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 257 
The business for which he was preeminently fitted was 
diplomacy. 1862 ‘T. C. Gratran Beaten Paths Il. 223 
Cardinal Richelieu seems to be. .considered the founder of 
the present system of diplomacy properly so called .. I can 
find no better signification for the word which typifies the 
pursuit ., than’ double-dealing .. it is expressive of conceal- 
ment, if not of duplicity. 1865 Lecky Natyon. (1878) II. 
271 The appointment of consuls in the Syrian towns. .gave 
the first great impulse to international diplomacy. 1877 
Encycl. Brit. V11. 251/t Diplomacy is the art of conducting 
the intercourse of nations with each other..It is singular 
that a term of so much practical importance in politics and 
history should be so recent in its adoption that it is not to 
be found in Johnson’s dictionary. 1880 Srusss Med. § 
Mod. Hist. x. (1886) 235 As diplomacy was in its beginnings, 
so it lasted for a long time; the ambassador was the man 
who was sent to lie abroad for the good of his country. 

+2. The diplomatic body. [=F. diplomatie, ‘le 
personnel des ambassades’ (Littré).] Ods. 

1796 Burke Regic. Peace w. Wks. IX. 48 The diplomacy 
.. Were quite awestruck with ‘the pomp, pride and circum- 
stance’ of this majestick Senate. 1806 Soutney Lett. (1856) 
I. 387 If there be no English diplomacy at Lisbon. .away go 
my hopes in that quarter. 

3. Skill or address in the management of rela- 
tions of any kind; artful management in dealing 


with others. 

1848 W. H. Kerry tr. Z. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. 1. 339 
The aristocracy were already. .acquiring control over public 
affairs by the crafts of diplomacy. 1865 Livincstonr Zam- 
best vi. 147 Masakasa felt eontdeat that he could get it 
out of these hunters by his diplomacy. J/od. The lady 
thought it better to attain her ends by diplomacy. 

IL. 4. =Dreromatic sd. 3. rare. 

ae J. Haptey Zss. vii. (1873) 130 These [forms of letters] 
would probably give ground for a near guess to one expert 
in Anglo-Saxon diplomacy. 

Diplomat (diplomat). Also -ate.  [a. F. 
diplomate, a back-formation from dzplomatique, 


ter aristocrate, aristocratigue.| One employed | 


or skilled in diplomacy; a diplomatist. 

1813 Sir R. Witson Diary I. 312 The diplomates will .. 
have to rest on their arms until the bayonets have clashed. 
1838 Lytron A/ice 96 He was the special favourite of the 
female diplomats. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. III. 204 
A parliamentary debater and diplomat in foreign service. 
1885 Mazer Cottins Prettiest Woman v, She went every- 
where as a dif/omate and a political spy. 

Hence Diplo‘matess, a female diplomat. 

1874 GREvILLE Mem. Geo. IV (1875) II. xix. 325 This 
clever, intriguing, agreeable dip] 1890 A th. 

1 Feb. 140/23 The Russian diplomatess of reality and the 
Russian diplomatess of, say, M. Sardou, have very little in 
common. 

Diplomatal (diplawmatal), a. [f Gr. derAw- 
par- DIpLoMA + -AL.] Of or pertaining to a 
diploma. 

1889 Microcosm (N. Y.) Oct., The diplomatal sheepskin. 

Diplomate (di‘plome't), sd. [f. Drptoma sé. + 
-ATE!,] One who holds a diploma, 

ae. Med. Frni. 21 ag Sb The London students 
and the diplomates of London Corporations. 

+ Diplomate, v. Ods.  [f. Drrnoma sd. + 
-ATE3,] ¢vans. To invest with a degree, privilege, 
or title by diploma. 


DIPLOMATIC. 


1660 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 334 The former..was 
afterwards diplomated. 1683 /dic. ii . 56 Th. White, 
chaplain to the lady Anne .. was diplomated D.D. 1738 
Neat Hist. Purit, IV. 268 Within .. little more than six 
months the Universities diplomated above one hundred and 
fifty Doctors of Divinity. 

[Diplomatial ; error in Dicts. for DipLomatt- 
CAL.] 

Diplomatic (diplomz'tik), a. and sé. Also 8-9 
-ique, -ick. [ad. mod.L. aif/ématic-us (Mabillon, 
1681, De re diplomativa’, f. Gr. bitrAwpar-: see 
DrpeLoma and -ic. In senses 2, 3, a. F. diplomatique 
(1788 in Hatz.-Darm.), 

The transition from sense 1 to sense 3 appears to have 
originated in the titles of the Codex Yuris Gentinm Diplo- 
maticus of Leibnitz 1695, containing original texts of im- 
portant public documents from the 11th to rsthc., and the 
Corps universel diplomatigue du Droit des gens of Dumont, 
historiographer to the Emperor, 1726, containing the original 
texts of ‘ the treaties of Alliance, of Peace, and of Commerce, 
from the Peace of Munster to 1709’. In these titles (as in 
the Codex Diplomaticus Afvi Saxonici of Kemble), diplo- 
maticus, diplomatique, had its original meaning (sense 1 
below) as applying toa body or collection of original official 
documents. But as the subject-matter of these particular 
collections was ¢z¢terzationa/ relations, ‘ corps diplomatique’ 
appears to have been treated as equivalent to ‘corps du 
droit des gens’, and diplomatique taken as ‘having to do 
with international relations’. ‘he transition is shown in 
sense 2, which refers to documents connected with inter- 


- national relations, while in the fully developed sense 3 the 


connexion with documents disappears. ‘This sense became 
established in English at the time of the French Revolution, 
and its French origin comes out emphatically in the writings 
of Burke on French affairs.] 

A. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to official or original docu- 
ments, charters, or manuscripts ; textual. 

Diplomatic copy, edition, an exact reproduction of an 
original. 

rir ‘I’. Mavox Hist. Exchequer p.ix, The diplomatick 
or law word Charta was not received amongst the Anglo- 
Saxons. 1780 Von Trou /celand 295 A diplomatic de- 
scription was not so much required in that letter, as I had 
directed my attention more to the contents of the book than 
its external appearance. 1784 AstLE Origin & Progr. of 
Writing Introd. 2 Diplomatic science, the knowledge of 
which will enable us to form a proper judgement of the age 
and authenticity of manuscripts, charters, records, and other 
monuments of antiquity, 18rz W. Taytor in J/onthly Rev. 
LXVII, 71 The historical part of this volume; to which a 
diplomatic appendix of thirty-three several documents .,and 
a copious index are attached. 1846 TReNcH J/irac. (1889) 
267 ‘The last clause of the verse..has not the same amount 
of diplomatic evidence against it. 1861 Scriv R [ntrod. 
Crit. N. 7. iii. 376 Designated by Professor Ellicott ‘ para- 
diplomatic evidence’ ..as distinguished from the ‘diplomatic’ 
testimony of codices, versions, etc. 1874 H. R, ReyNotps 
Fohn Bapt. ii. 70 Vhere is..not a shadow of diplomatic 
doubt thrown over the integrity of the third gospel. 

2. Of the nature of official papers connected with 
international relations. 

1780 Hist. Europe in Ann, Reg. 18/1 These were followed, 
at due intervals, and according to all the established rules 
of form, by measured and regular discharge of the diplo- 
matique artillery on all sides [i.e. manifestos and proclama- 
tions by the French and Spanish governments]. 

3. Of, pertaining to, or concerned with the man- 
agement of international relations ; of or belonging 
todiplomacy. Dzplomatic body (¥. corps diplomat- 
z?gue), the body of ambassadors, envoys, and officials 
attached to the foreign legations at any seat of 
government; diplomatic service, that branch of the 

ublic service which is concerned with foreign 

egations. 

1787 Hist. Europe in Aun. Reg. 173 Employed there in 
civil, diplomatique, and mercantile affairs. 1790 Burke 
Fr. Rev, Wks. V. 32 Members of the diplomatick body. 179 

- Th. Fr. Affairs Wks, VII. 63 The Prussian ministers in 
foreign courts have talked the most democratic language .. 
The whole corps diplomatique, with very few exceptions, 
leans that way. 1796 — Kegic. Peace 1. Wks. VIII. 114 
A pacification such as France (the diplomatick name of the 
regicide power) would be willing to propose. 1813 N. Car- 
LISLE Tofogr. Dict. Scot. 11. s.v. Preston Paus, Sir Robert 
Murray Keith..well known for his diplomatique talents» 
1815 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. XII. 310 It would intro- 
duce him into the diplomatic line. 1840 CartyLe Heroes 
iii. (ed. 1858) 244 Petrarch and Boccaccio did diplomatic mes- 
sages .. quite well. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 246 He 
had passed several years in diplomatic posts abroad. 1860 
Mottey Nether?. (1868) I. i. £8 Diplomatic relations. . were 
not entrusted to the Council. 1868 E. Epwarvs Kaleigh I. 
xxv. 587 The English statesman..was not a match for the 
Spaniard in diplomatic craft. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VIL. 251/2 
The ancient world had its treaties and leagues, but no 
systematic diplomatic relations. 1889 Yohku Bull 2 Mar. 
149/2 The members of the Diplomatic Corps. . 

4. Skilled in the art of diplomacy; showing ad- 
dress in negotiations or intercourse of any kind. 

1826 Disraewt Viv. Grey wv. iii, Treachery and cowardice, 
doled out with diplomatic politesse. 1837 Hate /n His 
Name x, Gabrielle’s busy, active, diplomatic managing of 
the party. 1862 Maurice Mor. § Met. Philos. IV. viii. $6. 
440 Cautious and reserved yet not diplomatic in his inter- 
course with men. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 251/ Conduct 
which is wily and subtle, without being directly false or 
fraudulent, is styled ‘ diplomatic’. 

B. sd. 1. A diplomatic agent ; =DIPLOMATIST. 

1791 Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 93 Dr. Franklin. .. was 
not the diplomatic of a Court, but of Man. 1836 Marryat 
Midsh. Easy U1. ix. 238 It would soon be all in his favour 
when it was known that he was a diplomatic. ‘ot 


DIPLOMATICAL. 


2. The diplomatic art, diplomacy. Also in pl. 
diplomatics, and + in L. form diflomatica (obs.). 
= App. of fol Brissot’s Addr, Wks. VII. 


Cam P 

ii the di ick Si Papers in A 
Reg. 198 ‘Truth hand Justice are ileal basis dg diplo- 
matica. 1803 W. Taytor in Ann, Rev. 1. 356 Our ministers 
are not great in diplomatics. 

3. ‘ The science of diplomas, or of ancient writings, 
literary and public documents, letters, decrees, 
charters, codicils, etc., which has for its object to 
decipher old writings, to ascertain their authenti- 
city, their date, signatures, etc.’ (Webster, 1828). 


Also in f/. 

(268: Masitton (title), De Re Diplomatica.] 1803-19 A. 
Rees Cycé. (L.), The science of diplomatics owes its origin 
to a Jesuit of Antwerp named Papebroch. 1819 Pantologia 
s.v., The ee Treatise on the Diplomatic by F. 
Mabillon. 1838 J. G. Downe Eccé. Hist. iii. § 1. 125 It 
was written..when Diplomatic. .did not exist as a science. 

“ Jounston tr. Beckmann'’s Hist. Inv. (ed. 4) 1. 140 A seal 

lue wax, not coloured blue merely on the outer surface, 
great a rarity in the arts as in diplomatics. 
. 412/t Medieval Latin palaeo- 


would be as 
1894 Oxf. Unv. Gaz. XXI1 
graphy and diplomatic. 
ee a. (sb.) [f. as prec. +-AL.] 
adj. 1. =DiIPLomaTic a. 1. 

= Von Trott Jceland 296 Its diplomatical descriptions 
would have afforded no information. 

2. =Drrtomatic a. 3. 

1823 Byron ¥uan xin. xv, It chanced some diplomatical 
relations Arising out of business, often brought Himself and 
Juan .. Into close contact. 1882-3 ScHAFF Encycl. Relig. 
Knowl. Il. 2096 Paul III .. employed him frequently in 
diplomatical negotiations with Francis I and Chas. V. 

B. sb. (rare.) 

i eay diplomatic person ; a diplomatist. 

1830 Gat Lawrie T. v1. iii. (1849) 262 He proved himself 
a clever diplomatical. 

2. /. Diplomatic arts or proceedings. 


1833 Gatt in Fraser's Mag. VIII. 654, I had recourse to | 


the usual diplomaticals of womankind. 
ae loma‘tically, av. [f. prec. +-1y*.] 
na diplomatic manner ; according to the rules 
Pe ‘art of diplomacy; a artfully i in reference to inter- 
course ; with clever management. 

1836 E. Howarp R. Reefer |xii, My lord shook his head. . 
diplomatically. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Kev. (1848) IL. v. ix. 
294 Old Besenval epee d whispering to him. 1862 
Suirtey Nuge Crit. ix. 417 Hitherto we had diplomatically 
and passively resisted the Alliance. 1875 Mrs. RaNpoLru 
W. Hyacinth 1, 123 She at once knew that her work must 
be done diplomatically. - 

2. In reference to, or in the matter of, diplomacy. 

1877 Public Opinion 7 July 9 The policy of ‘the Hapsburg 
Monarchy is..both diplomatically and militarily, absolutely 
free and unfettered. 

3. With reference to diplomatics (sense 3); so 
far as concerns the evidence of original documents. 

1885 Amer. Frnl. Philol. V1. 192 The indiction-number.. 
is diplomatically uncertain, and so of no independent value. 

Diplomatician (diplaamati fan). rare. [f. 
DipLoMatic: see -ICIAN.] = DipLoMATIST. 

182r W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XCIV. 499 With the 
usual spiteful feeling of a French diplomatician. 

Diplomatics : see Dirtomaric B 2, 3. 

Diplo‘matism. rare—°. [f. as next + -18M.] 
The practice of the diplomat ; DipLomacy. 

1864 in WEBSTER. 

Diplomatist (diplé:.miatist). [f Dirtomar 
sb., ba stem of diplomat-ic, etc. + -IsT: cf. F. philo- 
logue, Eng. philologist.| a. One engaged in official 
diplomacy. b. One characterized by diplomatic 
address ; a shrewd and crafty person. 

1815 Mackintosn Sf. in Ho. Com. 27 Apr. Wks. 1846 III. 
317 Long familiarity with the smooth and soft manners 
diplomatists. 1826 Disraeu Viv. Grey ut i, a. 
dropped the diplomatist altogether, and was explicit enou 
for a Spartan, ag 4 Macautay Hist. ro . 246 Bi a 
matists, as a class, have always been -— listinguish 
their address .. than by generous enthusiasm or aan 
gectitude. 1860 Frouve Hist. Eng. V. 219 So accomplished 
a diplomatist as Paget could only despise the tricks which 
he was ordered to practise. 

(865) IL. vu. iv. 282 The 


—* 1858 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. 
lomatist pt ha of Berlin is ina 
"Biplomatixe (dipla-matalz), e. [In I. £. Gr. 
Phin og rp +-12@ ; in II, a new formation 
from diplomat, -ic, -ist.] 

I. 1. “vans. To invest with a diploma. Hence 
Diplo'matized f//. a., diplomaed. rare. 

1670 Lex Talionis 21 As able Physitians as any that 
Practise, and better than many d: 

II. 2. intr. To act or serve as a diplomat or 
diplomatist ; to practise diplomacy; to use diplo- 
matic arts; to act with address or astuteness. 

1826 Disraeit Viv. Grey m. i, He diplomatised, in order 
to gain time. 1837 Canna # r. Rev. (1848) IL. u. vi, 119 


Brave Bouillé bs di = orp | in scheme within 


scheme, 1850 7ait's VII. 285/1 He was too im- 
reat to diplomation, ars Cmionh Rev. XXV. ~~ 
his ehildbend, as 


3. trans. To treat in the manner of a diplomatiat, 
- act Depationsy: towards. (rare.) 

Fraser's Mag, LI. 239 His only chance .. was to 
—we mean to 


ema —his neighbours. 
b. To do out of plomacy a address. 


886 
ate Lown Dimaret bie one Lae Fi Napoleon had not 


ence Diplo'matizing vé/. sb. ~ 1. a. 
ons, CartyLe eras re 106 No 


of figh! 
ie two for him. \sad Pall Mad? Ge July 
2/t Th two Secareme were thinking of their own diplo- 


"Diplo (diploumaty16dzi). 
bimAwpar- DIPLoMA + -Aoya discourse: see 
-LoGy.] The science of Diplomatic; the scien- 
tific ne | of original documents. 

1880 G. eagle in Nation (N. ¥ 3 XXX. 347 enrakeas 
oun, 
pat pce bes or church hi , or diplomat Aad 

+Diplo-me. Oés. rare. [a. ¥. diplome, ad. i. 
diploma.) _An official document “issued by au- 


| thority; =DrpLoma 1. 
| og Gate True Idea Fansenism 22 And thou hast vindi- 
cat, 


the truth and vigor of this Bull, by a new Diplome. 
iio -neurose, etc.: see DIPLo-. 
Diplopia (diplopia), Phys. ‘and Path, Also 
: anglicized form diplopy. [mod.L., f. Gr. iAo- 
Dip.o- double + -wmafromayeye: cf. AMBLYOPIA.] 


An affection of the eyes, in which objects are seen 


double. Hence Diplopic (diplg*pik) a., pertain- 
ing to diplopia. 

1811 Hooper Med. Dict., Pog nce 
Diplopia, Diplopy. 1875 H oop Therap. (1879) 242 
This dryness. .is associated with. dilated pupils, disordered 
vision, and possibly diplopia. 1878 A, Hamitton Nerv. Dis. 
228 Din lopia, amaurosis, and other visual troubles. 

ploplacula, -pod, etc.: see DIPLo-. 

Sintete nai (diplosti* modnas), a. Bot. 
[f. DipLo- + Gr. ornpwy warp, thread, taken as = 
orijpa stamen +-ous.] Having the stamens in two 
series, or twice as many as the petals. So Diplo- 
ste‘mony, the condition of being diplostemonous. 

1866 Treas. Bot., Diplostemonous, having twice as many 
stamens as petals, 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 2. 177 note. 
1888 Henstow Floral Struct, 188 If a flower have one 
whorl of stamens of the same number as the petals it is 
isostemonous; if two, diplostemonous. 1888 Atheneum 
14 Jan. 54/3 Investigations..on the diplostemony of the 
flowers of angiosperms. 

I Diplotegia (diplotrdgia). Bot. Also -ium, 
[f DieLo- + Gr. réyos roof, covering.] A dry 
dehiscent fruit ble an adnate calyx. 

1866 7reas. Bot., Diplotegia, an inferior capsule. 1870 
Benttey Bot. 313 Dip otegia is the only kind of inferior 
fruit which presents a dry dehiscent pericarp. 

|| Diplozoon (diplozduyn). Pl. -z0a. Zool. 
[f. Dipto- + Gr. (@ov animal.] A genus of trema- 
tode worms, parasitic on the gills of fishes; the 


1864 Wester, 


[f. Gr. 


mature organism is double, consisting of two indivi- | 


duals (Diforpx) fused together in the form of an X. 

1835 Kirsy Had. & Just. Anim. 1. 355 One [parasitic 
worm] first discovered by Dr. Nordmann upon [the gills} of 
the bream .. to which he has given the name of Diplozoon 
or Double animal. 1859 ‘Topp Cycl. Anat. V. 32/1 This 
animal corresponds .. with the half of the Diplozoon. 1888 
Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 650 ‘The cones and 
suckers fuse completely; in other respects, however, the two 
Diporpz which make upa single Diplozoon are independent 
of one another. 

Dip-net: see Dir sé. 

ange poem (dipni#monas), a. Zog/. [f. 
mod.L. dipneumonus (f. Gr. b-, dis twice + 
mvevpav lung) + -ous.] Having two lungs or re- 
spiratory organs ; said of the Dipneumona or two- 
lunged fishes, and of the Dipneumones or two- 
lunged spiders; also of Holothurians having a pair 


of respiratory organs, 

Dipneustal (dipniz* stil), a. [mod. L Dip- 
Bre. (f. Gr. &- twice + sreenis mveiv to breathe), 
a name given by some to the dipnoan fishes + -aL.] 
= DIPNOAN. 

[1892 E. R. Lanxester tr. Hasckel's Hist, Creation Il. 


290 the still living Dip a 
simple single lun h ye 
pear pry etn & ve a pair of lungs whereas Bra 
ca oan (di‘pnojin), a. and sd. Zool. [f. mod, 
épnoi (see DipNoovs) + -AN.] 
at adj. Belonging to the Dipnoi, a sub-class or 
order of fishes, = ving two nds of 
organs, gills and lungs. B. sd. A fish belonging 
to this order. 
1883 Pee one 4 7 Apr. aa7/t P Prof. Huxley came to the 


and di mired cadh rou poe mes em uivalent to 
the oe Ler with the eranaicuienl 


relations of aeur'd fishes. 1886 /did. 18 830/2 A paper 
on the devel t..of the ovum in the dipnoan fishes. 
Dipnoid (di-pnoid), a. and s6. Zool. {f wood. 
pes i (see next) +-ID.] = Drpnoan. 
mr > Day Fishes of India, 709 Whether the Ganoids 
and T Dipnoide should be included with the Chondro, SAIN 


1880 — Fishes Gt. Brit. Introd, 41 Among the Cano 
the air-bladder has a lung-like function. . Among the 


there is a div he Di le 
Géuruee § in Enopek, Brit Xi. /t id re dentition ts tha is that 
of a Dipnoid. 
Dipnoous: (dixpno,s),@. Also erron. dipnous. 
ff mod.L. dipno-us (in pl. Dipnot, an order of 
ishes), a. Gr. dérvo-os with two breathing apertures, 
f. &- twice + mvof breathing, breath.] 


iratory | 


| rotatory property wit 


DIPPED. 
lay Having both gills and lungs, as a dip- 


noan fish. 

388: Gixtner in £ ?, Brit. X11. 686/1 The relations 

oe are aes the Gi and more to the 
1 is impossible to 


Dipnoous 
whether neg hs WP pra referred to che Eictocapiaiies 
or the Dipnoous type. 

2. Fath. Of a wound: ‘Having two openings 
for the entrance of air or other matters’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex. 1883). 

1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., Di 
which ae perforated quite ok as Ferret’ Bp og 

ends. 

Dipnosophist, obs. form of DEIPNOSoPHIST. 

— Motcaster Positions xxxy. (1887) 129 All natural.. 


istes, 
ipodie | dip dik), a. [f. Gr. d:m08- (see Dr- 
PODY) + -Ic. f the nature of a dipody; charac- ; 
terized by oe apa as ‘a dipodic measure’. 
In recent Dicts. 
Di-podous, a. _[f. Gr. d:m08- (see next) +-ous.] 
‘ es two feet’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

(dipddi). Pros. [ad. L. difodia (also 
in 4 use), a, Gr. dirodia two-footedness, dipody, 
f. dimovs, d:20d- two-footed, f. d-, Di-2 + ph 
mo08- foot.] A double foot; two feet constituting 
a single measure. 

1844 Beck & Fetton tr. Munk's Metres 6A — of one 
foot 1s called a monopody; of two feet, a 1859 
J. W. Donatpson Grk. Gram. 646 The simplest form of this 
dactylic dipodia is the Adonius, which finishes off the 
Sapphic stanza. 1882 Goopwin Grk, Gram. 317 In trochaic, 
iambic, and anapastic verses, which are measured by dipo- 
dies (i. €. pairs of feet), a monometer consists of one dipody 
(or two feet), a dimeter of = feet. vag oe Harper's Mag, 


Mar. 576/2 [Folk- -songs] in 

dipodies, tetrapodies, Spode cs, peatpodionned hexapodies, 
ipolar (doipdu'las), f, Di-* + Pouar,] 

Of or pertaining to two Sit ie two poles, 

esp. poles such that the relations of the body or 


quantity remain the same when it is turned end 


for end. 
ee 


1864 in Wesster. 1873 Maxwett Electr. & 
Il. 7, When a dipolar quantity is turned end for 


remains the same as before. Tensions and pressures in 
solid bodies, Extensions, Compressions and istortions, 
and most of the optical, electrical, and magnetic rties 
of crystallized ies are dipolar quantities. mm W. 


Tuomson Math. §& Phys. Papers 1. x\viii. § 168. 283 The 
reference to light discovered 
Faraday as induced by magnetization in transparent soli 


which I shall call dipolar, to distinguish it from such a 
rotatory property with reference to light as that which 
is naturally possessed by many transparent liquids and 


solids, and which may be called an isotropic rotatory pro- 
perty. 1884 Tarr eA 


ht § 298 Along the axis of a he 
of quartz there ve jar pared Be : —- the lines of 
in a trans nt diamagnetic there is di asymmetry. 
Dipo- ‘larize, v. Optics. [Dre -2 + PoLanize 
v.] A word used by some seae of DEPOLARIZE 
(sense a). So Dipo‘larized, Dipolarizing 
adjs.; also Dipo'larization. (See quots.) 
1837 WueweLt Hist. Induct. Sc. 1x. ix. Vieadi Dis- 
covery of Laws of Phenomena of Di 
lbid., The effect which the mica produced was termed 
depolarization j—not a very happy term, since the effect i is 
not the destruction of but the 
of a new polarizing infl with the {i 
dipolarization, which has meer: been proposed, 
more appropriate expression. /éid. xi. § 4 The phenomena 
of depolarized, or rather, as I have already said, Neca > 


light. /d7d. § Fresnel ex 
dipolarising eflect of the érystal; ‘col che niles of ie 
analysing plate, by which certain of each of the 


portions 
he mad fe d 
colour’ 186q Hi brances Jet, C rate: Drege, ate trea 
a discoveries resp ig and dipolar- 
ion, 
Phe, rey jf) a. Obs. rere, (f. L. dé, 
dupondiarius, {. di-, dupondium, the sum of two 


Po ee Dipondiary, that is of two pound 


“p Diperpa 9p Se 8 Zool, Pi. -. [f. Gr 
&-, dis twice, doubly + mépmy pin of a buckle.] The 


solitary immature form of a DrpLozoon. 
galls Ressesten 2 jecueen Ae ae a 
known as Diporpa is at first yeh abe lbid., 
two Diporpae which make up aoe Diplozoon, 
Dipped, a dipt (i (dipt), JP Dire. + -xp}.} 
shape y or oa ly) in a Ber 
oa the verb. (In quots. 1646 and 1781, Baptized 
by immersion.) 


al geue etc, Erasm. peo) amass Bob, He. .to whome 


rend not that Christ gaue dipped, bread to others, except 

ane disciple only. 3 R. Baie J (idan) bo 
Churches of anabaptized and dipped Saints. 
Charity 609 E’en the dipt and livein 1814 
Byron Corsair 1. xvii, h'd the dipt er Ruskin 
Fors Clav. v1. \xi. 2 All your comfort in such iss. 
Christ's dipped sop. 

b. Of candles: Made by ss = we 2. 3b). 

a Cuampers Cycl. s. v. 


two kinds ; the one (tee the other aed, Weide 
Maki of di Hr. Martineau Loom 2 
ing of dipped Candles, | 1833 


¢ Zaszer Ags See ificently from 
candles on 
a Involved in debe; mortgaged (see. Dip 2. 
7b): (collog.) 


DIPPER. 


1676 WycHERLEY PL. Dealer m. i, Some young Wit, or 
Spendthrift, that has a good dip’d Seat and Estate in 

iddlesex. 1708 Mottreux Rabelais (1737) V. 214 Re- 
deemers of dipt, mortgag’d, and bleeding Copy-holds. 

Dipper (di:poz). [f. Dir v. +-ER !.] 

1. One who dips, in various senses : spec. a. One 
who immerses something in a fluid ; chiefly in tech- 


nical uses. 

1611 Cotcr,, Tvempeur, a dipper, wetter, moistener. 1762 
Derrick Lett. (1767) 11. 51 There are women always ready 
to present you with a cup of water who call themselves 
Dippers. B 
the side of this tub stands the dipper, and a boy, his assis- 
tant. 1881 Guide Worcest. Porcel. Wks. 8 The action of 
the Dipper shows the .. process in glazing .. wares. 1881 
Besant & Rice Chafl. of Fieet u. ii. (1883) 130 There was 
in the room [at Epsom Wells] a dipper, as they call the 
women who hand the water to those who go to drink it. 
1883 Birm. Daily Post 11 Oct., Tallow Chandlers.—Wanted 
immediately, a first-class Dipper. 

b. One who ‘dips’ snuff: see Dip z. 5. 

1870 W. M. Baxer New Timothy 75 (Cent. Dict.) The 
fair dipper holds in her lap a bottle containing the most 
pungent Scotch snuff, and in her mouth a short stick of soft 
Wood, the end of which is chewed into a sort of brush. 

ec. One who ‘dips’ into a book, etc.: see Dip 


Dv. 14. 

1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. I. 326, I became also a lounger 
in the Bodleian library, and a great dipper into books. 
1889 Jemple Bar Mag. Dec. 553 The dippers are those 
readers who are only by an euphemism called readers. 

a. Thieves’ slang. A pickpocket. (Farmer 1891.) 

2. One who uses immersion in baptism ; esf. an 
Anabaptist or Baptist : spec. one of a sect of Ame- 
rican Baptists, called also Dunkers. : 

31617 Cottins Def. Bp. Ely i. v. 200 To be dippers and 
baptisers. 1642 Featty (¢z/de), The Dippers dipt, or the 
Anabaptists duck’d and plung’d over Head and Ears, at 
a Disputation in Southwark. 1823 Lams £/ia Ser. u. 
Amicus Rediv., Fie, man, to turn dipper at your years, 
after so many tracts in favour of sprinkling only. 1887 
C. W. Surron in Dict. Nat. Biog. XI. 5/2 He became 
a dipper or anabaptist (immersed 6 Nov. 1644). 

3. A name given to various birds which dip or 
dive in water. a. The Water Ouzel, Cézclus 
aquaticus ; also other species of the genus, as, in 
N. America, C. Mexicanus. b. locally in Eng- 
land: The Kingfisher. ¢@. =Dascuick 1, D1- 
DAPPER I. ? Ods. dd. in U.S. A species of duck, 
Bucephala albeola, the buffle. 

1 Wvycur Zev. xi. 17 An owle, and dippere [1382 
deuedep, deuedoppe]. — Deut. xiv.17 A dippere, a pur- 
sirioun, and a reremous..alle in her kynde. 1678 Ray 
Willughby's Ornith. 340 The Didapper, or Dipper, or Dob- 
chick, or small Miucker: 1752 Sir J. Hit Hist. Anim, 
446 (Jod.), The dobchick .. we call it by several names 
expressive of its diving ; the didapper, the dipper, etc. 18 
Sexsy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. No. 1. 20 The only bir 
which attracted notice was the iy (Cinclus aquaticus). 
Fe Lg os Maine W. mart Se eager ce edo black 

ippers, half grown, came paddling by. 188: Miss Jackson 
Shropsh. Word-bk., Dipper, the tie-edas. Ten A. 
Heppurn in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1X. No. 3. 504 Of the 
Thrush family, the Dipper or Watercrow frequented all the 
streams. 

4. A genus of gastropod molluscs, Bulla, 

1776 Da Costa Conchol. 174 (Jod.) The sixth family is 
the nuces, seu bulla ; commonly called the pewits eggs, or 
dipping snails, but which I shall henceforward call dippers, 
or seanuts. 1835 Kirsy Had. §& Just. Anim, I. ix. 276 The 
dippers (Bulla) which are furnished with a singular organ 
— that proves their predaceous or carnivorous 

abits. 

5. A utensil for dipping up water, etc.: spec. a 
ladle consisting of a bowl with a long handle. 
(Chiefly U.S.) : 

1801 Mason Sup. Yohnson, Dipper, a spoon made in 
acertain form. Being a modern invention, it is not often 
mentioned in 1828 WessteErR, Differ .. 2 A vessel 
used to dip water or other liquor; a ladle. 1855 Loner. 
Hiaw., xx. 107 Water brought in birchen dippers. 1858 
Simmonps Dict. Trade, Didpers, an utensil for taking up 
fluids in a brewery. 1864 Lowett Fireside Trav. 155 
The little tin dipper was scratched all over. 1885 re 
Atten Babylon xi, Each of whom brought his own ag 
plate, knife, fork. 1891 R. Kirtinc Vaulahka iv, It’s like 
trying to scoop up the ocean with a dipper 

b. The popular name in the United States for 
the configuration of seven bright stars in Ursa 

Major (cabled in Britain ‘the Plough’, or ‘Charles’s 
Wain’), Little Dipper: the similar configuration 
of seven stars in Ursa Minor. 

1858 THorEAU Autumn (2894) 4 Its [comet’s] tail is at 
least as long as the whole of the Great Dipper. 1858 Haw- 
THORNE Fr. & Zé. Fruds. U1, 111 The constellation of the 
Dipper .. pointing to the North Star. 1890 C. A. Younc 
Uranography § 5 The familiar Dipper is sloping downward 
in the north-west. a 

6. Photogr. An apparatus for immersing negatives 
in a chemical solution ; see quots. 

1839 Photogr. News 186 Dipper, the piece of glass or 
other substance on which the iodised plate is laid, in order 
to be dipped into the nitrate of silver bath. 1878 Apney 
Photogr. 79 The dipper, employed for carrying the plate 
into the solution during the operation of a may be 
conveniently made of pure silver wire. 1879 Cassed/’s Techn. 
Educ. i. 65 In this Fath must be a dipper for the purpose 
of raising and lowering the plate during the sensitising 


process. ; = 
7. A receptacle for oil, varnish, etc., fastened to 


a palette. 
39 Guttick & Times Paint. 199 The Dipper is made so 


1825 J. Nicnotson Oferat. Mechanic 473 By | 


387 


that it can be attached to the palette. It serves to contain 
oil, varnish, or other vehicle used. 1883 Spectator 3 Nov. 
1413 It blew the medium out of its dipper, and spread it in 
a shower upon the middle of the picture. 

8. attrib. and Comd., as dipper-bird (see 3 a); 
dipper-clam (U..S.), a bivalve mollusc, J/actra 
solidissima, common on the Atlantic coast of the 
United States; dipper-gourd (U..S.), a gourd 
used as a dipper (sense 5). 

1894 Crockett Raiders (ed. 3) 260 A man stole off up the 
waterside, jumping across it in running skips like a dipper 
bird. 1880 New Virginians I. 199 A bucket of spring-water, 
with a dipper-gourd in it. 

Dipperful (di-paiful). U.S. [f. Dirper + 
Feta As much as fills a dipper (see prec. 5). 

1874 Mrs. Wuitney MWe Girls vi. 136 We poured some 
dipperfuls of hot water over them. 1883 E, Incersott in 
Harper's Mag. Jan. 197/2 We were just in time to get 
a dipperful of the buttermilk. 

Dipping (di:pin), v4/. sd. [f. Dir v. + -1NG?.] 

1. The action of the verb Dip in various senses. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 121/2 Dyppynge yn lycore, intinctio, 
1548 Cranmer Catech. 215 He knoweth not what baptisme 
is..nor what the dyppyng in the water doth betoken. 1655 
Jer. Tayvtor Unum Necess. v. § 4 (R.) That which is dyed 
with many dippings is in grain, and can very hardly be 
washed out. 1667 PAil. Trans. Il. 434 Nice Observations 
of the Variations and Dippings of the Needle, in different 
Places. 1719 J.'l’. Puicirrs 34 Conferences 218, I ask'd them, 
how daily Diapiee and Plunging did avail them? 1856 
Emerson Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 113 No hope, 
no sublime augury, cheers the student .. but only a casual 
dipping here and there. 1867 J. Ker Let?. (1890) 33 From 
any little dippings of conversation I had among the people, 
1870 PumPELLY Across Amer. & Asia i.1'The woman avery 
hag, ever following the disgusting habit of dipping—filling 
the air, and covering her clothes with snuff. 1874 Knicur 
Dict. Mech. 1, 75/1 Dipping. « The process of brightening 
ornamental brass-work..’The work is .. Dipped in a bath of 
pure nitrous acid for an instant. 1875 ‘StoNEHENGE’ Brit, 
Sports 1. v. iv. § 3.348 The tackle for dipping is much more 
simple than that employed in whipping. 1882 Stamdard 
2 Sept. 6/4 The Prisoner said she had only had a month for 
‘dipping’ (picking pockets). 1883 //sheries Exhib, Catal. 
22 Improved Mast to do away with Dipping of Lug. 

2. concr. A liquid preparation in which things 
are dipped for any purpose: a wash for sheep ; 


dubbing for leather (.Sc.). 

1825-80 Jamieson, Diffing, the name given to a com- 
position of boiled oil and grease, used by curriers for soften- 
ing leather, and making it more fit for resisting dampness. 
1888 ELwortuy W’. Somerset Word-bk., Dipping, a strong 
poisonous liquor, for dipping sheep, to kill vermin, and to 
prevent the scab. 

3. attrib, and Comd., chiefly in reference to tech- 
nical processes, as a@ipping-bath, -house, -ladle, 
-liguid, -net, -pan, -process, -room, -tub, -tube, 
-vessel, -works; also Naut. (cf. Dip v. 6), as dip- 
ping-line, -lug, -mark; also dipping-frame, a 
frame used in dipping tallow candles, and in 
dyeing ; +dipping-place, a baptistery ; dipping- 
shell, -snail= DiprperR 4; dipping-well, the re- 
ceptacle in front of an isobath inkstand. 

1841 Awards Highl. & Agric. Soc. Scotland, To Mr. 
Thomas Bigg, London, for a Sheep *Dipping Apparatus. 
1894 Brit. Frnl, Photogr. XLI. 3 Procure a glass vertical 
“dipping bath with a glassdipper. 1893 Ladour Commission 
Gloss., *Dipping House, the part of the factory in which 
the operation of dipping .. is carried on. Dipping House 
Women, are the women and girls in the potting industry 
who clean the ware after it has been dipped and become 
dry. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., *Dipping-ladle, a 
metal ladle for taking boiling pitch from the cauldron. 1886 
CauLFeitp Seamanship Notes 1 Work *dipping-line and 
hoist sail. cx865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. I. 216/1 He will 
require several .. pans, one containing nitric acid, another 
filled with ‘*dipping ’ liquid. 1875 Beprorp Sazlor’s Pocket- 
bk. vi. (ed. 2) 214 Sling a *dipping lug 4 from the foremost 
yard-arm. cx860 H. Sruart Seaman's Catech. 7 How 
would you dip a ‘lug’? Lower the halyards to the *dip- 
ping mark. = SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., *Dipping-net, 
a small net used for taking shad and other fish out of the 
water, 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 705/1 *Dipping-pan 
(Stereotyping), a square, cast-iron tray in which the float- 
ing-plate and plaster-cast are placed for obtaining a stereo- 
type cast. 1616 7S. Acc. St. Fohn’s Hosp., Canterb., Payd 
vnto a carpenter for making of a *depping place xvjd. 
1766 Entick London IV. 374 In this parish [is] the Ana- 
baptist dip ing- lace. 1881 Guide Worcest. Porcel. Wks. 
27 From the *dipping room the ware is brought to the 
drying stove. xgxx Phil. Trans. XXVII. 352 A sort of 
*Diping Shell, very common on the Shoars of Jamaica and 
Barbadoes. 1776 *Dipping-snail [see DirrEr 4]. 1853 Catad. 
.R. Agric. Soc. Show 1 Sheep Dipping Apparatus .. It con- 
sists of a *dipping-tub, a draining 1, and an inclined 
plane. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Dipping-tube, a fine glass tube 
used to collect a small quantity of liquid or some solid matter 
in a liquid, for ination under the micr pe. c1865 
Letnesy in Circ. Sc. I. 93/2 The tallow is kept in the *dip- 

t 


ping 1, at a temp e just over the point of solidifi- 
cation. 1889 Durham Univ. Frni. 196 lt .. has a small 
*dipping-well it which the ink is always at the same height. 


i'pping, f//. a. [f. Dir v. + -Inc*] That 
dips, in various senses; see the verb. 

1798 CoLerince Anc. Mar.1. 12 With sloping masts and 
dipping prow. 1866 Mrs. Gaskett Wives § Dau. xlvi, 
With formal dipping curtseys the ladies rated, 1869 
ent IncELtow Raven in White Chine vi, With a crimson 

ue The dipping sun endowed that silver flood. 1887 
Stevenson U3 1. iii. 4 My dipping paddle scarcely 
shakes The berry in the bramble-brakes. _ 

Hence Dippingly adv., in a dipping way. 

18g2 G. W. Curtis Lotos-eating 67 The summer-bi 
traveller who skims up the Hudson dippingly. 


ofa 


DIPSAS. 


Di‘pping-nee:dle. [see Dip z. 12, Dip sé. 4.] 
A magnetic needle mounted so as to be capable 
of moving in a vertical plane about its centre 
of gravity, and thus indicating by its dip the 
direction of the earth’s magnetism. So dipping- 
compass, an instrument consisting of a dipping- 
needle with a vertical graduated circle for measur- 
ing the ‘dip’ or angle of inclination ;=d¢f-circle. 

1667 Phil. J vans. 11. 438 The Dipping-Needle is to be 
used as frequently as the former Experiment is made. 
1713 Deruam Phys.-Theol. vy. i, note 21 (R.), I have not 
yet been so happy to procure a tolerable good dipping- 
needle. 180g M. Frinpersin PAzl. 7rans. XCV.195. Taking 
the theodolite and dipping-needle, I landed. 1871 ‘TyNpaLL 
Fragm, Sc. (1879) 1. xiii. 373 Previous to magnetization, a 
dipping needle .. stands accurately level. 

ip-pipe, -rod: see Dip sé. 

Diprionidian (deipraijni-diin), a. Paleont. 
[f. Gr. d:- twice (D1-*) + mpiwy a saw.] Having ser- 
rations on both sides of the stem: said of grapto- 
lites. 

1872 Nicnotson Palgvont. 82 Two leading types may be 
distinguished amongst the Graptolites .. ‘ monoprionidian’ 
and ‘diprionidian’. | 

+ Diprisma‘tic, 2. A. Obs. [f. D1-?+ Pris- 
matic.] Doubly prismatic; pertaining to two pris- 
matic systems : see quot. 

1821 R. Jameson A/ineralogy Introd. 10 Cleavage is said 
to be diprismatic, if its planes have the direction of the 
faces of a vertical, and at the same time of a horizontal 
prism. : 7 ; . ; 

Dipropargyl (deiprppasdzily. Chem. [f. D1-* 
2+ Proparcyt.] A hydrocarbon isomeric with 
benzene (C, H,) having the constitution of a double 
molecule of the radical Propargyl or Propinyl 
(CH=C-CH,); a mobile, highly refractive liquid, 
with an intensely pungent odour. 

1875 Warts Dict. Chem. VII. 1008 Dipropargyl .. is 
easily distinguished from benzene by its property of com- 
bining with explosive violence with bromine. 188% Vature 
XXIII. 566 Recent observations on dipropargyl by Henry, 
the discoverer of this curious compound. 

|| Diprotodon (daipréutodyn). Paleont. {[mod. 
L,, f. Gr. &- twice + mp@ro-s first + -od0v, neuter of 
-odous, f. ddovs tooth.] A genus of huge extinct 
marsupials, having two incisors in the lower jaw. 

1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 469/1 Anterior extremity of the 
right ramus, lower jaw, of Diprotodon. 1880 Nicnotson 
Zool. \xix. 670 In size Diprotodon must have many times 
exceeded the largest of living Kangaroos. 1892 /’add 
Mall G. 30 Sept. 6/3 Remains of the extinct monster 
diprotodon. 

Dipro‘todont, a. and sd. 
stem ddovT-.] : 

A. adj. Having two incisors in the lower jaw; 
having the dentition or characteristics of the genus 
Diprotodon. B. sb, A-marsupial of this genus. 

1881 Z¥mes 28 Jan. 3/4 In the nototheres and ys 
donts, progressive movement is performed in the ordinary 
four-footed fashion of the tapir and rhinoceros. 

Dipsacaceous (dipsaké'-fas), @. Bot. [f. mod. 
L. Dipsacace-w, f. Dipsacus, Gr. Bipaxos teasel, f. 
dia thirst, in allusion to the retention of water in 
the hollows formed by the axils of the connate 
leaves.] Belonging to the Natural Order Dzfsa- 
cacex, containing the teasels and their allies. 

Also Dipsa‘ceous, a. (Smart Szzpp/. 1849.) 

+ Dipsad. 06s. rare. [a. F. depsade (Rabelais, 
16th c.), ad. L. dipsad-em, Gr. dipad-a (accus.) : 
see Dipsas.] = Dirsas 1. 

1607 TorsELL Serpents (1658) 698 [tr. Lucan] And dipsads 
thirst in midst of water floud. : 

Dipsadine (di-psadsin), a. Zool. [f. L. dipsad- 
stem of Difsas + -INE.] Of or belonging to the 
family of non-venomous snakes, Dipsadinw, to 
which belongs the genus Dzfsas (Dipsas 2 a). 

|| Dipsas (ditps&s). Pl. dipsades (di:psadzz). 
Also 5 dypsa, 6 (//ev.) dipsez, 8 dipsa, dypsas. 
[L. dipsas, Gr. divas a serpent whose bite caused 
great thirst, orig. adj., causing thirst, f. dipa thirst. 
CE£. F. dipsade, dipsas, older dipse (13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.). 

1. A serpent whose bite was fabled to produce a 
raging thirst. : ; E 

1382 Wycuir Dewt. viii. 15 Scorpioth, and dipsas, that is, 
an eddre that whom he biteth, he maketh thur3 threste die. 
1 Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) v. iii. 198/1 Flaterers be 
lykened to an adder that is called dypsa. 1572 BossEWELL 
Armorie 1.63 A Dipsez verte, charged on the firste quarter. 
x609 Hottann Am, Marcell. xxi. xv. 213 Of | ser- 
pents, to wit..the Dipsades, and the Vipers. 1627 May 
Lucan 1x. 703 Dipsases in midst of water dry. 1667 
Mitton P. L. x. 526 Scorpion, and Asp, and Amphisbena 
dire, Cerastes hornd, Hydrus, and Ellops drear, And 
Dipsas. cx7go SHENSTONE Elegies xx, 39 Here the ay 
dipsa writhes his sinuous mail. 1821 SHELLEY Prometh. 

nb, i. iv. 19 It thirsted As one bit by a dipsas. 1894 
F, S. Exuis Reynard 336 A dipsas is a worm accurst, From 
whose bite follows raging thirst. 

2. Zool, a. A tropical genus of non-venomous 
serpents. b. A genus of fresh-water bivalves of 
the family Unzonzde, or river-mussels. 

1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 280 Under the non-venomous 
[serpents] are arranged the foll —Tortrix; 


[f. as prec., with 


49*-2 


DIPSETIC. 


Boa .. Coluber .. Dipsas, 1843 Ibid. XXV1.5 Mr. J. E. 
Gray makes the Unionidz the eighth family of his order 
Cc Genera :—A nodon, Margaritana, Difsas. 
Dipsetic (dipsertik), a. and sb. [ad. Gr. dupnrue- 
és provoking thirst, thirsty, f. d5afd-ew to thirst, 
dha thirst. 
A. adj. Producing thirst. B. sd. A substance 
or preparation that produces thirst. 
7 in CraiG. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 
ipsey, -sie, -sy, var. of DEEP-SEA Gaemy 
associated with dif), esp. in dipsy-lead, -line. 


1626-1698 [see Deep sea]. 1837 Marrvat Dog-Fiend xiii, 
I may. .as well go down like a dipsey lead. 1860 BartLetrt 


Dut. Amer., Dipsy, a term applied, in some parts of 
Penns’ Ivania, to the sinker of a ishing Sina. 1867 SMYTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Dipsy, the float of a fishing-line. 

t+ Di‘psian, 2. Ods. [f. dipsa form of Dipsas, 
or Gr. dyft-os thirsty + -An.] Of thirst : such as 
was caused by the bite of the dipsas; raging. 

@1618 Syivester Du Bartas, Auto-machia 100 Gold, 
Gold bewitches mee, and frets accurst My greedy throat 
with more than Dipsian thirst. 

[Dipsin, app. mispr. for dipsée, Dipsey, deep-sea. 

1598 Haxcuyt Voy. I. 435 Sound with your dipsin lead, 
and note diligently what depth you finde.] 

|| Dipsomania (dipsomé-nia). Path. [f. Gr. 
d:yo- comb. form of diva thirst + wavia madness, 
Mania.] A morbid and insatiable craving for 
alcohol, often of a paroxysmal character. Also 
applied to persistent drunkenness, and formerly to 
the delirium produced by excessive drinking. 

1845°4 A. S. Tavtor Med. Furispr. \xvi.655 Dipsomania, 
drunkenness. This state, which is called in law frenzy, or 
dementia affectata’, is regarded as a temporary form of 
insanity. 1851-60 in Mayne Expos. Lex. 1862 tr. Caspar's 
Handbk. Forensic Med. (New Syd. Soc.) 1]. 91 [She] had 
been for many years excessively given to drinking, and in 
her case it had developed to actual ‘dipsomania’. 1866 
A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 512 Dipsomania is a term 
sometimes used to denote the peculiar delirium arising from 
the abuse of alcohol, but it is commonly applied to an un- 
controllable desire for alcoholic drinks. 1881 S. ALForp in 
Med. Temp. Frnl. XLVI. 163 Dipsomania, or inebriety, is 
a fundamental disease of the nervous system, primarily of 
a functional character. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dipsomania 
.-is to be distinguished frbm ordinary and habitual drunken- 
ness, in that the craving is paroxysmal, and comes on 
apparently without the external temptation of what is called 
good company. , 

Dipsoma‘niac, s?. and a. 
Maniac).] 

A sb. A person affected with dipsomania ; one 
who suffers from an ungovernable craving for drink. 

1858 A. S. Taytor Med. Furispr. \xx. (ed. 6) 950 The two 
jurors..considered that she was a dipsomaniac. 1866 Lond. 
Rev. 13 Oct. 404/2 There are several places where Di 
maniacs are treated, under the rule and care of religious 
orders, 1884 Mas. C. Praep Zero ix, A craving for excite- 
ment as keen as that of the dipsomaniac for alcohol. 

B. adj. = next. (In recént Dicts.) 

Dipsomanicacal, a. [f. as prec. + -aL.] Af- 
fected with dipsomania. 

186s tr. ay ty Handbk. Forensic Med. (New Syd. Soc.) 
IV. 267 She had given herself up to drunkenness and had 
become dipsomaniacal. : . i F 

Dipsopathy (dipsp'papi).  [f. Gr. dfo-, dipa 
thirst + mdQea, f. ma00s suffering (taken after 
homaopathy, hydropathy, etc., in sense ‘ method of 
cure’).] The treatment of disease by abstinence 
from liquids. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

|| Dipsorsis. Med. [irreg. f. Gr. dépa thirst + 
-osIs ; the actual Gr. word was Bi~nots.] ‘Aterm 
for a morbid degree of thirst: nearly synonymous 
with Polydipsia’ (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1851-60). 

1847 in Craic. 

psy, variant of Dipsry. 

Dipt, variant of dipfed, pa. t. and pple. of Dir v. 

Diptani, obs. form of Dirrany. 

Di (ditptar). Entom. [ad. F. diptere (1791 
in Hatz.-Darm.), L. dipter-us, a. Gr. dimrepos two- 
winged, f. &-, dis twice + mrepév wing.] One of 
the Diptera; a two-win fly. 

3828 Wesster s.v., The dipters are an order of insects 
having only two wings, and two poisers, as the fly. 

|| Diptera, sd. 4/. Entom. (mod.L. = Gr. dirrepa 
(Aristotle), pl. neuter of dimrepos two-winged (sc. 
insecta insects, animalia animals): s.e prec.] The 
two-winged flies, alarge order of insects having 
one pair of membranous wings, with a pair of hal- 
teres or poisers representing a posterior pair. Well- 
known examples are the common honse-fly, the 
gnats, gad-flies, and crane-flies, 

1819 Pantologia, Diptera, in zoology, an order of the class 
insecta, characte: by having two wings, under each of 
which is a clavate poise with its appropriate scale, 1867 F. 
Francis Angling vi. eae 196 The other orders in most use 
by the fly-fishers are .. the Diptera, or two-winged. 1879 
A. W. Bennett in Academy 33 Abundantly visited by in- 
sects, especially Diptera. s 

Di: ‘ceous, 2. Bot. [f. mod. Bot. L. Dip- 
teracex, f. Dipler- contracted from Difterocarpus 

eric name (f. dinrep-os two-winged + xapnds 
ruit): see -ackous.] Of or belonging to the 
Natural Order Dipteracee (Dipterocarper): see 
Diererocarr. So Dipterad, a plant of this order. 


[f. prec. + -ac (after 


388 


DIRADIATION. 
1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1 
Diptots? A. Such as 


call 
eome Glossogr. iptote. Westey Wks. (1 
XIV. 40 Di Jn goal wecaectomaed pag 
triptote are 


41/2 Difteracez wip nan ‘#, Dipterads), a 1 
er of thalamifloral di yledons or Exogens. containing 
e trees with resinous juice. 
pteral ( ig | medi [f. L.dipter-os (Vitruv.), 
a. Gr. dinzepos (DiprER) + -AL.] 
1. Arch, Having a double pomyic. 

1812 W. Witkins Civil Archit. Vitruvius 37 It was per- 
ps the i ion of the author to rep’ pteral 1 
with a treble portico in that front only through which they 
were ——— — E.us Elgin Marb. 1. 72 A temple 
was of the kind called dipteral, when it had two ranges of 
columns resting on the pavement. 1886 Century Mag. Nov. 

1 3" A dipteral temple. 
. Entom. =Dirrerovs. 
1828 in WewsTeR. 
, a. and sb. Entom. [f. as Diprer, 
DIPTERA +-AN.] 
A. adj =Duirrerovs. B, sé. A dipterous insect. 
in BranneE Dict, Sci., etc.: and in mod. Dicts. 


+ Dipteric, 2. Arch. Obs. rare. [a. F. dip- 
térique (17th c.), f. Gr. dérrep-os two-winged + 
| = Diprerat. 


It was of the dip- 


1664 Evetyn tr. Freart's rador pi 4 
a two-fold range of 


ppt figure ; that is, inviron'd wit 
Columns, | 

Dipterist (diptérist). [f. Dirrer-a + -1sr.] 
An entomologist who studies the Dipéera. 

1872 O. W. Hotes Poet Break/.-t. ii. (1885) 48 Competi- 
tion .. between the dipterists and the lepidopterists. 

Dipterocarp (di:ptéro,kaip). Bot. [ad. mod. 
L Dipterocarp-us, {. Gr. diwrep-os two-winged + 
xapnés fruit.] A member of the genus Déftero- 
carpus or Natural Order Difterocarpex, comprising 
East Indian trees characterized by two wings on 
the summit of the fruit, formed by enlargement of 
two of the calyx-lobes. Cf. Dipreraczovs. So 
Dipteroca‘rpons a., belonging to this genus or 
order, 

1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 702 Dipterocarps .. Gigantic 
trees abounding in resinous juice, natives of India. 1885 
H. O. Forses Nat, Wand. E. Archip. 135 Various species 
of coniferous and dipterocarpous trees. 


Diptero‘logy. [f. Dirtera: see -(0)Locy.] 


Di (diptik). Forms: 7 diptyck, 7-8 

diptick, dyptick, 7-9 diptye, 8 dyptic, 7- dip- 
tych. [ad. L. diftycha (pl.), a. late Gr. dirrvya 
= of writing-tablets, neut. pl. of déarruxos double- 
olded, f. &:-, dis twice + mrvyq fold. Cf. mod.F. 
diptyque, ¢1700 in Hatz.-Darm.] 

. Anything folded, so as to have two leaves ; 
esp. a two-leaved, hinged tablet of metal, ivory or 
wood, haying its inner surfaces covered with wax, 
used by the ancients for writing with the stylus. 

1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., See hs or Folded 
Tables. 1731 Gate in Phil. Trans. X XVI. 161. The 
Diptychs and Triptychs that were covered with Wax, 
served — for common Occurrences. 1829 J. FLAXMAN 
Lect. Sculpt. iii. 98 The Greeks executed small works of 
great elegance, as may be seen in the dyptics, or ivory 
covers, to consular records, or sacred volumes. 1859 GuL- 
uick & Times Paint. 306 The di +. Were among the 
Romans formed of two little tab! 
folding one over the other like a book. 

b. yer. (in p/.) Applied to the artistically 
wrought tablets distributed by the consuls, etc. 
of the later Empire to commemorate their tenure 
of office; hence transferred to a list of magistrates. 

1781 Ginson Dec/. & F. 11. 27 Their names and portraits, 
engraved on gilt tablets of ivory, were dispersed over the 


| empirg-ss presents to the provinces .,the senate. .the vfs 
ta Ss 


(Vote) Montfaucon has represented some of these 
or dypticks. 1797 Monthly Mag. 506 The consular dyptics 
contain similar cyphers. 


2. Eccl. (in pl.) Tablets on which were recorded 


| the names of those of the orthodox, living and 


That branch of entomology which relates to the | 


Diptera. Hence Di:pterolo'gical a., Diptero'- 
logist = Diprerist. 

1881 Nature XXIV. 46 Descriptions of new diptera, and 
dipterological notes. 

ll Pose aie Arch. Formerly also dipteron, 
and, after Fr., diptere. [a. Gr. dimrepos (sc. vads) 
two-winged (temple).] A temple or building with 
double peristyle. 

1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), Difteron (in Archit.) a Build- 
ing that has a double Wing or Isle. The Ancients gave that 
Name to such ‘Temples as were surrounded with two ranges 
of Pillars .. which they call'd Wings. 1727-5r CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Diptere, or Dipteron. 1730-6 Batter (folio', Diptere. 
1882 OciLvix, Dipteros. : 

ty Popol (ditptéras), a. [f. mod.L. dipter-us 
(see Diprer) + -ous.] 

1. Entom. Two winged ; of, pertaining to, or of 
the nature of the Diprera. 

1773 Wuite in Phil, Trans. LXIV. 201 They .. are 
greatly .. annoyed by a large dipterous insect. 1802 Binc- 
LEY Anim, Biog. (1813) 1. 48 Dipterous insects .. are those 
having only two wings, each furnished at its base with a 
poise or balancer. 1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomo/. (1843) I. 
304 The noisiest wings belong to insects of the dipierous 
order. 1 i Luneocs Orig. & Met. Ins. i, 24 Sim ovate 

muc S.A Ai tne 


mbling ary dip pupae. 

2. Bot. Having two wing-like appendages or 
processes, as certain fruits, seeds, etc. 

1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Dipterus .. having two 
wings: dipterous. Bot. Applied to a pericarp when it has 
lateral appendages like wings. 1866 in 7 reas. Bot. 

ll « Palwont. [mod.L., f. Gr.: see 
Dirter.] A genus of Palzozoic dipnoous fishes, 
having two dorsal fins, opposite the ventral and 
anal respectively. Hence Dipte‘rian a. and sé., 
berenging to, or a member of, this genus. 

1842 H. Micter O. 2. Sandst. (ed. 2) 103 The Dipterus or 
double-wing, of the Lower Old Red Sandstone, 1847 Anstep 
Anc. World iv, 70 These ancient fishes (Dipterians), 1854 F. 
C. Bakewett Geol, 29 Other fishes, of which the dipterus is 
the type, bear more resemblance to fishes of the nt day, 


prese: 
ork eget em diptérisdzian), a, (sb.) Zehth. [f. 
mod.L, D4; ms (f. di-, dis twice + wreptyi-ov | 


fin) + -AN. aving two fins: applied to fishes 
having, or supposed to have, only two fins. Also 
Di gious a. ‘ : 

x ig Cuan, Difterygians, a family of fishes, furnished with 
two fir 


ns only, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. [both words]. 
Diptong(e, obs. form of DipuTrHoNna. 
Di (diptdut), sb. anda. Gram. Also 7-8 
-tot, 


-toton. [ad. L. diptdta (pl.) nouns that have 
only two case-endings, a. Gr. pad ag pl. neuter of 
dinrwro-s with a Soubie case-ending, f. d-, dis 
twice + mrwrds falling (wr@ots case).] é 

A. sé, A noun having only two cases. B, au. 
Having only two cases. 


dead, who were commemorated by the early Church 
at the celebration of the eucharist. Hence,The list 
or register of such names; the intercessions in the 
course of which the names were introduced. 

1640 Hammonp Poor Man's Tithing Wks. 1684 7s 
Enrol their names in the book of life, in those sacred ete 
diptycks. 1680 Stituincri. Mischief Separation pe 2) 30 
Atticus restored the name of St. Chrysostom to the Diptychs 
of the Church. 1745 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th C. 1. v. 64 
The Dipticks ..have been famous, in the Councils of the 
East ever since the Council of Chalcedon. 1855 Mitman 
Lat. Chr. (1864) 1. ut. iii. 40 The Names of Acacius and 


| all who communicated with him were erased from the 4 


| folded. 


_ 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl, 1. 
oe wwelks century the diptychs fell out of use in the 
urch. 

3. An altar-piece or other painting composed of 
two leaves which close like a book. 

1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna Introd. (1857) 52 A 
Diptych is an altar-piece composed of two divisions or 
leaves, which are united by hinges, and close like a book. 
1863 Barinc-Goutp /cedand 158 Svinavatn church contains 
a curious diptych with medizval figures. 

Diytychous, a. [f. as prec. +-ous.] Double- 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 
|| Dipus (dai- >. Zool. [mod.L., ad. Gr. dimous 
two-footed.] a. The typical genus of the jerboas, 
a race of rodents which progress like the kangaroo, 
by leaping with the rng hinder legs. b. A small 
marsupial quadruped of Australia, Charopus cas- 
farotts. 

1799 B. J. Barton in Trans. Amer. Soc. WV. 114 (title) 
Some account of the American Species of Dipus, or Jarboa. 
1849 C. Sturt Z.xp. Centr, Austral. 11.5 Mr. whe and 
T had cl a Dipus into a hollow log, and there secured 
it. 1859 Cornwaiiis New World 1. 194 The wallabi, the 
dipus, the talpero, the wombat. 3 

Di (dipaies), A/in, [mod. (Haiiy 1801) 
ad. L. dipyros, Gr. dimupos twice put into the fire, f. 
&:- twice + wip fire: so called because when heated 
it exhibits both ph 


orescence and fusion.] A 
silicate of alumina with: small proportions of the 


silicates of soda and lime, occurring in square 
—, Chem. U1. 441 The di 1807 A 
reroy’. » ER i IKIN 
Duct*Chem § ‘Min. “f v. 1068 Dana Mun. § 302 Dipyre 
occurs in rather coarse crysteis, cea large or stout, and 


rarely columnar, in 
Dipyrenous (daipsuinas), a. Bot, [f. Gr. 
&- twice + avphy fruit-stone + -ovs.] Containing 


two fruit-stones. 

1866 in Treas. Bot. 
298 The fruits * oe ee tetrapyrenous, 
etc., according as contain a 

+ Dira-diate, v. Obs. ik: L. a, dés- asunder 
+Raprate.) fans. vs > abroad cto 

B Disp. 'o) diradiate vertues. 

y amar vol. 1, Diradiated, spread forth in Beams of 

ight. 


Diradiation (dsiradia-fan). [n.of action from 


prec. 
1. The diffusion of rays from a luminous body. 
1706 Puitwirs (ed. Kersey), Diradiation, a spreadin 
abroad of Beams of Light; also a ee os 
Vines in form of Sun-beams. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Di 
tion, the emission of light-rays from a luminous body. 


2. Med. (See quots. 
1730-6 Seaee (ai), iradiation (in Medicine) an in- 


‘ia 


1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vii. § 2. ° 


ee 


Pe ea 


q 


DIRAL. © 


vigoration of the muscles by the animal spirits. 1823 in 
Crass Technol. Dict. 1883 Syd.Soc. Lev. Diradialion.. 


a synonym for Hypxotism. , 
Diral, a. Ods. rare. [f. L. Dire the Furies, 


the dire (sisters) +-aL.] Of or pertaining to the 
Furies ; dire. 

1606 Dov & Cieaver Ex. Prov. xiii.-xiv. (1609) 102 
That we expose not our hearts to these dirall and bitter 
terrors, , : 

+Dirama‘tion. Oés rare. [f. L. di-, dis- 
asunder + ram-us branch + -aTion.] Branching 
out, ramification. 

1778 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 109/2 The course and dira- 
mations of the vessels in stones. 

gean. (daisz‘an), a. [f. L. Dérceus, f. Dirce, 
Gr, Aipxn name of a fountain in Beeotia.] Of or 
belonging to the fountain of Dirce: used of Pindar, 
called by Horace Dirceus cygnus the Dirceean 
swan ; Pindaric, poetic. 

1730 Younc Merchant ww. ii, O thou Dircaean Swan on 
high. 1884 0. Rev. July 136 The voice of poet and prophet 
+ blended in a sublime Dircaean strain. 1894 GLapsToNE 
in 19th Cent. Sept. 318 Air buoyant and copious enough to 
carry the Dircaean swan, 

Dirdum (ds'1dom). S¢c.and xorth. dial. Forms: 
5 durdan, 6- dirdum, 7-9 -dam, -dom, durdum, 
9 durden, durdem, dordum, dyrdum. [Deri- 
vation unknown : app. not connected with Sc. dvd 
stroke, blow. It has been compared with Gaelic 
diardan anger, surliness, snarling, and with Welsh 
dwrdad, ‘sonitus, strepitus’ (Davies).] 

1, Uproar, tumultuous noise or din. 

©1440 York Myst. xxxi. 41.And se pat no durdan be done. 
a@1510 Doucias King Hart u. 453 Than rais thair meikle 
dirdum and deray. 1 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) 1. 4 
Lat be thi dirdum and thi din. 1655 CrarKe Phraseol. 
170 (Halliw.) An horrible dirdam they made. 1674-91 

AY Local Words 129 Durdom, noise. 1686 G. Stuart 
Foco-Ser. Disc. 70 For aw their Dirdom, and their Dinn, 
It was but little they did winn. 180z R. ANpERSON Cu- 
berld. Ball., Peace i, Sec a durdem, Nichol says, They’ve 
hed in Lunnon town. 1832 W. SrerHenson Gateshead 
Poems 99 Their dirdum ye may hear each neet, If ye’ll 
but gan to Robbins. 1855 Rowinson Whitby Gloss., Dur- 
dum, riotous confusion. ‘The street ‘is all in a durdum.’ 
1869 Lousdale Gloss., Durden, Durdum, uproar, hubbub. 
1892 Northumbld. Gloss, Dirdum, Durdum, Dordumy, 
noise and excitement, a confusion, a hurly-burly. 

2. Outcry ; loud reprehension, obloquy, blame. 

1709 M. Bruce Soul Confirm. 14 (Jam.) A clash of the 
Kirk's craft..a fair dirdim of their synagogue. 1816 Scorr 
Old Mort, vii, ‘This is a waur dirdum than we got frae 
Mr. Gudyill when ye garr’d me refuse to eat the plum-por- 
ridge on Yule-eve.’” 1823 Misses Cornett Petticoat Tales 
I. 280(Jam.), ‘I gi’ed her such a dirdum the last time I got 
her sitting in our laundry.’ 1824 Scorr Redgauntlet Let. 
xi, ‘We had better lay the haill dirdum on that ill-deedie 
creature.’ 1886 Stevenson Kidnapped xix, If I get the 
dirdum of this dreadful accident, I’il have to fend for 
myself. 

Dire (diez), a. and sh, Also 6-7 dyre. 
dir-us fearful, awful, portentous, ill-boding. 

A. adj. ‘Dreadful, dismal, mournful, horrible, 
terrible, evil in a great degree’ (J.). 

1567 Drant Horace’s Epist. xvi. Fj, With gyues, and 
fetters Ile tame the under a galow dyre. 1590 SPENSER 
¥. Q.1. xi. 40 All was covered with darknesse dire. 1605 
Suaxs. Macé, u1, iii. 63 Strange Schreemes of Death, And 
Prophecying, with Accents terrible, Of dyre Combustion. 
1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 628 All monstrous, all prodigious 
things..Gorgons and Hydra’s and Chimera’s dire. 168 
Lond. Gaz. No. 1649/3 And His Majesty, with advice 
foresaid, recommends to His Privy Council to see this Act 
put to dire and vigorous Execution. 1768 Beatrie Minstr. 
m1. ii, To learn the dire effects of time and change. a@ 1774 
Gotpsm. Double Transform. 75 That dire-disease, whose 
ruthless power Withers the beauty’s transient flower. 1784 
Cowrer ask 11. 270 Gives his direst foe a friend’s embrace. 
1853 C. Bronte Vidette xxv, Forced by dire necessity. 1868 
Hetrs Realmah xvii. (1876) 462 Ostentation, the direst 
enemy of comfort. 

b. Dire sisters (L. dire soroves, Dire): the 
Furies. 


ad. L. 


1743 J. Davipson 4neid vu. 195 From the Mansion of 


the dire Sisters, 
+B. sb. Obs. 

1. Dire quality or matter, direness. 

1660 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 367 Their sermons 
--before were verie practicall and coeumibaty full of dire. 

2. pl, =L. Dire, Furies, dire sisters. 

1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Tri. over Death xxi, Arme, 
arme your selues, sad Dires of my pow’r. 

_C. Comb. (chiefly adverbial or parasynthetic), as 
dire-clinging, -gifted, -lamenting, -looking, -visaged. 

1591 Suaks. 72vo Gent. un. ii. 82 After your dire-lamenting 
Elegies; Visit .. your Ladies chamber-window With some 
sweet Consort, 1633 Mitton Arcades 52 The cross dire- 
looking planet. 1730-46 Tuomson Autumn 875 Here the 
cya harmless native. .to the rocks Dire-clinging, gathers 

is ovarious food. a 188x Rossetti Rose Mary, and Beryl- 
Song 2 Dire-gifted spirits of fire. 

Direckar, obs. Sc. form of DrrEcror. 

Direct (direkt, doi-), v. Also 5 de-, 5-6 dy-, 
5 derekt, 6 Sc. direck. [f. L. direct- (dérect-), 
ppl. stem of drrigére (d2-) to straighten, set straight, 
direct, guide, f. dz- apart, asunder, distinctly Sy 
dé- down) + regére to put or keep straight, to rule. 
It is probable that the ppl. adj. dévect was first 
formed immediately from L. dzrect-us, and that this 


389 


originated a verb of the same form: cf. -aTE 3 3. 
Both the pa. pple. and finite tenses of the verb were 
used by Chaucer. ‘here is a close parallelism of 
sense-development between direct and address, 
arising out of their etymological affinity: cf. also 
Dress v.] 

1. trans. To write (something) directly or specially 
to a person, or for his special perusal; to address. 
+ a. To dedicate (a treatise) Zo. Ods. 

© 1374 Cuaucer Troylus vy. 1868 O morall Gower, this 
booke I directe To thee. 1447 Bokennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 
Introd. 7 You sone and fadyr to whom I dyrecte This symple 
tretyhs. 1555 Even Decades 136 They dyrected and dedi- 
cated suche thinges to kynges and princes. 1581 Sazir. 
Poems Reform, xiliv. 2 To 30u, ministers, and Prelattis of 
perdition, This schedul schort I do direct. 1€07 ‘VorsELt 
Four. Beasts (1658) 129 The Treatise of English Dogs .. 
translated by A. F. and directed to that noble Gesner. 

+b. To write (a letter or message) expressly 0. 
[L. drigere epistolam, 4th c., Servius and Jerome ; 
also attributed by Servius to Cicero.] Ods. 

1397 Kolls of P@rit. III. 378/2 As it is..declared in the 
same Commission directid to William Rikhill, Justice. 1467 
Mann. & Househ. Exp. 173, 1 have reseyved 30wer moste 
grasyou's] leter to me dereketed, to be wethe 30were hynes 
-. the nexte morow after Kandelmas day. 1490 Caxton 
Eneydos xxii. 84 Yf he take the lettre vnto hym whome it 
is dyrected ynto. rgx1-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 23§ 5 The 
Kinges Highnes shall. .direct his lettres missyves to twayn 
of his honourable Counseillours. 1535 Boorpre Let#, in 
Introd. Knowl. (1870) Foreward 53 To.. Master ‘Thomas 
Cromwell be pis byll dyrectyd. 160x R. Parsons (¢it/e), 
An Apologetical Epistle: directed to the right honourable 
Lords .. of her Maiesties Privie Counsell. 1730 Gay in 
Swift's Lett, (1766) 11. 115 If you knew how often I talk 
of you..you would now and then direct a letter to me. 

ce. spec. In modern usage, To write on the out- 
side of (a letter or the like) the name, designation, 
and residence of the person to whom it is to be 
delivered ; to write the ‘direction’ or‘ address’ on. 

(In early examples not separable from b.) 

1588 Suaks. LZ, LZ. L, i. il, 132 But Damosella virgin, Was 
this directed to you? 1642 King's Reply in Rushw. Hist. 
Coll, (1721) V. 63 His Message..was .. taken..by the Earl 
of Essex, and though not to him directed, was by him 
opened. 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3334/4 Vhe Box nail'd up 
and Directed to Mrs. Ann Perriot. 1713 Appison Guardian 
No. 123 »3 A letter folded up and directed to a certain 
nobleman. 1726 SHeLvocke Voy. round World 134 Put 
them all up together in one packet, and direct them to 
me. 1855 Lp. Houcuton in L7fe (1891) I. xi. 527 Lady Elles- 
mere’s letter missed me altogether, although directed as I 
desired. 

absol, 1707 Tuoressy in Lett, Lit, Men (Camden) 337 If 
T had sooner known how to direct to you, I had long ago.. 
written. 1751 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 26 Direct to me at Mr. 
Hipkis's, Ironmonger in Monmouth. 1775 Jounson Let. to 
Mrs. Thrale 6 June, I hope my sweet Queeney will write 
me a long letter, when. .she knows how to direct to me. 

2. To address (spoken words) /o any one; to utter 
(speech) so that it may directly reach a person. 
arch, 

c1450 tr. De Imitatione 1. xxiii, Pider directe praiers & 
daily mornynges wi} teres. 1891 SHaks. 1 Hen. VJ, v. iii. 
179 Words sweetly plac’d, and modest[l]ie directed. 1611 
Bisce Ps. v. 3 In the morning will I direct my prayer vnto 
thee. 165x Hosses Leviath, u. xxv. 131 To whom the 
Speech is directed. 

+b. To impart, communicate expressly, give in 
charge ¢o a person. Oés. 

ax400 Pistill of Susan 278 He directéd pis dom .. To 
Danyel be prophete. 1598 Barret Vicor. Warres ii. 1 
The straite charges and commands directed from her Ma- 
jestie. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard 7 exts 324 If God should direct 
his precepts to a child. 

3. To put orkeep straight, or in right order. a. 
To set or put in right order, to arrange. Ods. 

tg09 Hawes Past. Pleas. x. iii, Dysposicion, the true 
seconde parte Of rethorike, doth evermore dyrecte The 
maters formde of this noble arte, Gyvyng them place after 
the aspect. 

b. ‘Yo keep in right order; to regulate, control, 
govern the actions of. 

e1510 More Picus Wks. 32 O holy God .. whiche heauen 
and earth directest allalone. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bs. Com. Prayer 
132b (Commun. Coll.) To direct, sanctifye and gouerne, both 
our heartes and bodies, 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 
29 It [the eye] direckis al the membris of our bodie. 1713 
Appison Cato 1. i. 41 He..cover’d with Numidian Guards, 
directs A feeble army. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Napoleon 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 373 His grand weapon, namely, the millions 
whom he directed. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V.1. i. 1 Vhe 
mind, or spiritual part of man, ought to direct his body. 

¢e. absol. 

1611 Biste Ecc?. x. ro Wisedom is profitable to direct. 

4. trans. To cause (a thing or person) to move 
or point straight zo or éowards a place; to aim (a 
missile); to make straight (a course or way) ¢o 
any point; to turn (the eyes, attention, mind) 
straight ¢o an object, (a person or thing) ¢o an aim, 
purpose, ete. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 95 Y° vice yt most 
maketh man lyke to beestes, & directeth hym from god. 
1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 137 Directe the ruler 
with hys two sightes unto anye one place. 1576 FLeminc 
Panopl. Epist. 23, 1 came out of Asia, and directed my 
saile from Aegina towardes Megara. Jdid. 350 But if he 
failed. .in directing his shafte. 1632 Lirucow Trav, m1. 99 
Directing his course to rush up on the face of a low Rocke. 
1655 StanLey Hist, Philos. Ded., I send this book to you 
beca::se you first directed me to this design. .¢ 1676 Lavy 


DIRECT. 


CuawortH in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 31, 
1... had the good luck to escape the squibs .. especially di- 
rected to the balcone over against me. 1703 Moxon Mech. 
Exerc. 205 Do not direct the cutting Corner of the Chissel 
inwards. 171r Appison Sfect. No. 159 P 8, I directed my 
Sight as I was ordered. 1726 Adv. Capi. R. Boyle 31 They 
directed their Steps towards my Confinement. 1790 PaLrey 
Hore Paul, i. 8 A different undertaking. .and directed to a 
different purpose, 1855 Macautay ///s/. Eng. W11.26 Howe 
. directed all his sarcasms..against the malecontents. 1856 
Emerson Eng. Traits, Times Wks. (Bohn) II. 119 But the 
steadiness of the aim suggests the belief that this fire is 
directed..by older engineers. 1860 TyNDALL Glace. 11, xxiv. 
355 To direct attention to an extremely curious fact. 1867 
Smices Huguenots Eng. i. (1880) 9 ‘These measures were 
directed against the printing of religious works generally. 
1871 B. Srewart Heat § 35 These telescopes are directed 
towards two marks. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 4 302 
The efforts of the French monarchy had been directed to 
the conquest of Italy. 1875 Jowerr Péato (ed. 2) I. 207 
Everybody's eyes were directed towards him. 

absol. 1639 Futter Holy War v. ix. (1647) 244 Good 
deeds w" direct to happinesse. 

b. To inform, instruct, or guide (a person), as 
to the way; to show (any one) the way. 

1607 Suaks. Cor. 1v. iv. 7 Direct me, if it be your will, 
where great Auffidius lies. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s 
F-romena 92, | would faine be so directed as I might. . finde 
him out. A/od, Can you direct me to the nearest railway 
station ? 

te. zutr. for ref. To point. Obs. 

1665 Hooke Jicrogr, 205 Little white brisles whose points 
all directed backwards, 1723 Cuambers tr. Le Clerc's 
Treat. Archit. 1. 64 Care..taken that..each Plume direct 
to its Origin, 

5. ¢rans. To regulate the course of; to guide, 
conduct, lead; to guide with advice, to advise. 

1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 11 Directe thy 
Chariot in a meane, clymbe thou not to hye. 1581 Perri 
Guazzo's Civ. Conv. uu. (1586) 114b, [He] maketh her the 
starre by whose aspect he doth direct all his doings. 1585 
T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 1. xv. 16b, Having 
prepared a frigat to direct us. 1596 Suaks. A/erch. Vu. 
vii. 14 Some God direct my iudgement. 1634 Sir T. Her- 
BERT Zaz. 5 Sharkes.. are alwayes directed by a little 
specled fish, called a pilot fish. 1769 Yunius Lett, xxxv. 
162 The choice of your friends has been singularly directed. 
1776-81 Gisson Decl. § F. ii. (1875) 440/2 The conscience 
of the credulous prince was directed by saints and bishops. 
1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 414 He directed, or 
attempted to direct, his conduct by the broad rules of what 
he thought to be just. 

b. Alus. To conduct (a musical performance). 

1880 Grove Dict, Alus. 1. 390/1 At the concert which he 
had to direct (during the series of 1820), 1893 W. P. Court- 
ney in Academy 13 May 413/1 The music... was composed 
and directed by Handel. ; 

6. To give authoritative instructions to; to ordain, 
order, or appoint (a person) ¢o do a thing, (a thing) 
to be done. 

1598 Suaks. Merry W7 1. ii. 98 Ile first direct my men 
what they shall doe with the basket. 1611 — Cyzd. v. v. 
280 A feigned Letter..which directed him To seeke her on 
the Mountaines. 1632 Litucow 77av. x. 457 He made fast 
the doore..as he was directed. 1727 De For Hist, Appar. 
iii. (1840) 22 Whether he is ever sent or directed to come. 
1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 101 The Order of the King in 
Council which was directed to be laid before us. 1752 Jonn- 
son Rambler No. 200 ? 14 One of the golden precepts of 
Pythagoras directs, that ‘a friend should not be hated for 
little faults’, 1873 B’xess Bunsen in Hare Lye x87) este 
59 The seeming arbiter of war..directed his legions to re- 
move from Boulogne. 1891 Laz 7vmes XCIL, 107/1 Finally 
the master directed an issue to be tried. 

b. zntr. or absol. To give directions; to order, 
appoint, ordain, 

1655 Dicces Compl. Ambass. 6 Her skill and years was 
now to direct... not to be directed, 1700S. L. tr. /xyke’s 
Voy. E. Ind. 39 Vhe President is one of the Council, but 
cannot direct in any thing of moment without the consent 
of the General. 1764 Gotvsm. 7vav. €4 Who can direct, 
when all pretend to know? 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India 
Il. v. v. 520 Cast their anchors as chance oy convenience 
directed. 1888 Law Times’ Rep. LUX. 165/1 [Yo] be con- 
veyed to them as tenants in common, or joint tenants, as 
they should direct. : : 

¢e. trans. To order, appoint, prescribe (a thing 
to be done or carried out). 

1816 KreatiInce 7av. (1817) II. 20 On the present occa- 
sion, the alcaid..directed a different arrangement. 186; 
H. Cox Justit. 1. vii. 81 The House of Commons ha 
directed an impeachment against Lord ‘lreasurer Danby. 
1833 Law Ref. 11 Q. Bench Div. 591 [The Judge] was of 
opinion that the words above mentioned were privileged... 
and directed a nonsuit. : 

+d. To prescribe (medically). Ods. 

1754-64 SmeLuie Midwif III. 77, I directed some The- 
baick drops. ‘ P ; 

7. Astrol. To calculate the arc of direction of (a 
significator) : see DIRECTION Io. 

1819 Jas. Witson Compl. Dict. Astrol, s.v. Directions, 
Problem 1st.—To direct the Sun when not more than, 2? 
distant from the cusp of the mid-heaven to any conjunction 
or aspect... Problem 7th.—To direct a significator with 
latitude to any conjunction or aspect. 

+ B. Examples of direct as pa.pple. = DirEcrED. 
(Cf, also next.) Ods, 

¢1386 CHaucer Max of Law's T. 650 Another lettre 
wroght ful synfully, Vn to the kyng direct of this mateere. 
€1392 — Compl. Venus 75 Pryncesse, resceyvepe pis com- 
playnt in gree Vn to youre excellent benignytee Dyrect. 
1423 Jas. 1 Aingis Q. |xii, The ditee there I maid Direct to 
hire that was my hertis quene, ¢1450 tr. De Jimitatione 
ut. Ixiv, ‘To be are myn eyen dyrecte, my god, fader of 
mercies, 1503 Hawes Examp, Virt. vu. 126 Thrugh 
whome his subgectes be dyrect. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V/11, 


E DIRECT. 
. 4 $1 One writte of proclamacion to be to the 
Shivif of the Countie. 1567 Satir. Poems Re ~ (1890) 
vi. (tit/e), Ane Exhortation derect to my Regent. 


Direct (direkt, dai-), a. and adv. Also 4-6 
dy-, directe, 6 derect. [prob. a. F. dérect (13th 
c. in Godef. or = Pr. direct, It. diretto, Sp. 
derecho right, ad. L. direct-us (dérectus), pa. pple. 
of dirigére, dérigére: see Dixxcrv. The pa. 7 
was used as a simple adj. already in Latin. For 
the strictly ppl. use in Eng. see after prec. vb.] 


. adj. 

1. In reference to space: Straight; undeviating 
in course ; not circuitous or crooked. 

[139 : see c.] 

Hatt Chron., Hen. IV 13 The confederates .. toke 
the directe way ..toward Windsor. 1 CunnINGHAM 
Cosmogr. Glasse 60 The directe di ¢ from Por 
to Barwicke, is 330. miles. 1699 Damrier Voy. II. iii. 10 
Being the directest Course they can steer for Barbadoes. 
1748 Relat. Eartha. Lima 40 The Streets are in a direct 
Line, and of a convenient Breadth. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. 142 P1 We turned often from the direct road to please 
ourselves with the view. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 
9 I soon left the horseroad, and took a direct line over 

lack heathery hills. 1874 Mortey Com/fromtise (1886) 1 
To consider in a short and direct way, some of the limits 
that are set [etc.]. 

b. Of rays, etc.: Proceeding or coming straight 
from their source, without reflexion, refraction, 
or interference of any kind. Of a shot: That 
travels to the point which it strikes without rico- 
cheting, or touching any intermediate object. 

So Direct vision, vision by unrefracted and unreflected 
rays; direct-vision spectroscope, one in which direct vision 
is used. Died teak taurinh applied to a boiler, etc. from 
which the hot air and smoke pass off in a single direct flue, 
instead of circuitously to economize the heat. 

1706 Puittips \ed. Kersey), Direct Ray (in Opticks) is the 
Ray which is carry'’d from a Point of the Visible Object 
directly to the Eye, through one and the same Medium. 
lbid., Direct Vision is when the Rays of Light come from 
the Object directly to the Eye. 1839 T. Beate Nat. //ist. 
Sperm Whale 156 Under the direct rays of a tropical sun. 
1 Mrs. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. xxvi. 277 Places 
sheltered from the direct rays of the sun. 1876 Cafad. Sc. 
App. S. Kens. Mus. § 1802 The instrument .. may be used 
as a small direct vision spectroscope. 1890 Daily News 2t 
Aug. 3/2 The target was examined, when it was found that it 
was a direct hit... The 1st Midlothian got a direct at first shot. 

te. phr. Zn direct of: in a straight line with. 

1391 Cuaucer Astro. u. § 44 Loke where the same 
planet is wreten in the hede of thy tabele, and than loke 
what pou findest in directe of the same 3ere of owre lord 
wyche is passid. /ééd., Wryte bat pou findest in directe of 
the same planete pat pou worchyst fore. 

2. Moving, proceeding, or situated at right angles 
or perpendicularly to a given surface, etc.; not 
oblique. 

1563 W. Futxe Meteors (1640) 4b, In places where the 
beames are cast indirectly and obliquely, and that where 
they are not too nigh to the direct beames, nor too far off 
from them, there is a moderate heate. 
Sir T. Browne Hydriot. (1736) 50 Some of them are.. 


1658 DuGpALe in | 


‘Twenty Feet in direct Height from the Level whereon they | 


stand. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blam's Trav. 322 Ships 
cannot enter it without a direct wind. 1700S. L. tr. Fryhe's 
Voy. into E. I. 350 We hoisted up Sail all together, with a 
direct Wind for us at S.E. P eee 

b. Of the sphere: Having the pole coinciding 
with the zenith (faral/el sphere), or lying on the 
horizon (sight sphere); not oblique. Of a sun- 
dial: Facing straight to one of the four cardinal 
points ; not declined. 

1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea To Rdr. Dvb, note, They are 
like a direct North Dial,that hath but morning and evenin; 
hours on it. x Moxon Mech. Exerc. 310 Of Dya 
Planes some be Direct, others Decliners, others Oblique. 
pl Cuampers Cyc? s. v. Dial, Dials which respect the 
cardinal points of the horizon, are called direct dials .. 
North Dial or erect direct north Dial, is that described on 
the surface of the prime vertical looking northward. 

c. Mil. Applied to a battery, etc. whose fire is 


perpendicular to the line of works attacked. 

1851 J. S. Macautay Field Forti/. 8 The defence is called 
direct when the flanking line is perpendicular to the line 
flanked ; when not perpendicular, it is termed obdigne. 

d. Mech. (see quot.). 

1879 Tuomson & Tart Nat, Phil. 1. 1. § 111 When a body 
rolls and spins on another body, the trace of either on the 
other is the curved or straight line along which it is suc- 
cessively touched. If the instantaneous axis is in the 
normal plane perpendicular to the traces, the rolling is 


called rasa een cial ta dal ie 
e. St, t ue: see quot. 
- ae “4 ‘Those Ciiscabohedvenal in 
gebraical iy greater than the 
1895 


1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 6: 

whieh the cel iooee fs al 

equal indices are called direct. TORY- MASKELYNE 
Crystallogr. 141 and 312. 

3. Astron. Of the motion of a planet, etc. : Pro- 
ceeding in the order of the zodiacal signs, in the 
same direction as the sun in the ecliptic, ic. from 
west to east; also said of the body so moving. 


Opposed to retrograde. 

¢1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 35 a is the work- 
inge of the conclusioun, to knowe yif that any planete be 
directe or reti le. /bid., Yif so be pat this planete be 
b tshimahr = ide .. thanne is he retrograde & yif he be on 
the west side, than is he directe. 1700 DryDEN Fables, 
Palamon & Arc. U1. 616 Lt emer were dis- 
played ., a warrior and a One when and one 
when retrograde. 1736 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. WW. 453 


After the Planet which is to the Sun, has pass’d the 

Station at d, it becomes direct again. 1786-7 Box- 

NYCASTLE Astron. 419 A planet is said to be direct, when it 

ing tO the order of the signs, 1837 Penny 

Cycl. 1X. 14 The of these celestial motions 1s alway 
from west to east, which is the direct course. 

4. Of relations of time, order, succession, etc., 


a. gen. 

1494 Fanyan Chron. v. Ixxvi. 54, I shal .. sette theym in 

suche a direct ordre, that it be apparant to the Reder. 
b. Of succession: Proceeding in an unbroken line 

from father to son, or the converse; lineal, as 

opposed to collateral; as a direct heir or ancestor. 

1548 Hatt Chron:, Hen. IV, 21b, Edmonde Mortimer .. 
then next and direct heire of England and of Fraunce. 
1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 117 The last King of 
Portugall, in whom ended the direct masculine line. a 1661 
Futter Worthies, Warwicksh, (1662) 126 Sir James Drax, 
a direct descendant from the Heirs male. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. s.v. Direct, The heirs in a direct line always precede 
those in the collateral lines. = 

ce. Logic. Proceeding from antecedent to conse- 
quent, from cause to effect, etc.; uninterrupted, 
immediate. 

1828 Wuatety Rhetoric in Encycl. Metrop. 258/1 Either 
Direct or Indirect Reasoning being employed indifferently 
for Refutation as well as for any other purpose. 1864 
Bowen Logic viii. 243 In the other Figures, there are two 
indifferent Conclusions, neither of which is more direct or 
immediate than the others. 1891 WeLTon Logic I. 1W. iv. 
422 Reduction is direct when the original conclusion is 
deduced from premises derived from those given. /&/d. 
426 This indirect process is not reduction in the same sense 
as the direct method is. 

d. Math. Following the simple or natural order: 


opposed to zverse: see quots. 

1594 Biunpevit £-rerc. 1. xi. (ed. 7) 33 Working by the 
common or direct Rule of Three. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. s.v. Direct. 180 Hutton Course Math. 1. 44 The 
Rule of Three Direct is that in which more requires more, 
or less requires less. 1807 /é/d. II. 279 ‘The Direct and 
Inverse Method of Fluxions .. the direct method .. consists 
in finding the fluxion of any proposed fluent or flowing 
boop ; and the inverse method, which consists in finding 
the fluent of any proposed fluxion. 1839 G. Biro Naz, 
Philos. 64 In the direct ratio of the arms of the lever. 


e. Direct opposite or contrary: that which is | 


in the same straight or vertical line on the oppo- 
site side of the centre; that which is absolutely or 


ey contrary. 

1786 Burke W’. Hastings Wks, 1842 II. 173 He had not 
scrupled to assert the direct contrary of the positions by 
him maintained. 1875 Jowett //a/o (ed. 2) I. 482 Is not 
this the direct contrary of what was admitted before? 

f. Music. Opposed to inverted (of intervals, 
etc.), or to contrary (of motion). 

1828 Wesster s.v., In A/usic, a direct interval is that 
which forms any kind of harmony on the fundamental 
sound which produces it; as the fifth, major third, and 
octave. 31864 — Direct chord (Mus.), one in which the 
fundamental tone is the lowest. Macrarren //ar- 
mony ii. 50 The augmented sth, which stands between the 
mediant and the leading note in a minor key, is always 
dissonant, in whatever position it occurs, whether direct 
or inverted. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 448 Direct Motion 
is the progression of parts or voices in a sumilar direction. 

5. That goes straight to, or bears straight upon, 
the point, without circumlocution or ambiguity ; 
straightforward. 

1530 Patscr. 387 ‘To serve you’ maketh a dyrecte an- 
swere to the questyon. 15§3§ CoverpaLe Job xxxviii. 3, 
I will question the, se thou geue me a dyrecte answere. 
1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie m. xix. (Arb.) 238 Which had 
bene the directer speech and more apert. 1600 SHaks. 
A. Y.L..v. iv. go, I durst go no further then the lye cir- 
cumstantial ; nor he durst not re me the lye direct. x 
Honses Leviath. ui. xviii. 93 If the Soveraign Power .. 
not in direct termes renounced. 1 Rosertson //ist, 
Scot. I. 1v. 308 No direct evidence as yet 
against Bothwell. 1849 Macautay /7ist, Eng. 11.114 They 
ventured to bring direct charges against the Treasurer. 
1888 R, Kirtino Yale Jr. Hills (1891) 245 This was at once 
a gross insult and a direct lie. 

b. Straightforward in manner or conduct; up- 


right, downright. 


and in the 
hb Sent. e 8) 1, Puds 
Wits wet cesenseanthoet =: kemenel a aati 


intervening ; immediate. 
ngys Saat Leerch: For. 5 age ‘Thad by dinect, ao ios 
ona Chine 1601 — 
direct Kno with- 
1805 Foster 


| steam-engines on board the steam-vessels of the Royal Navy. 


| direct-action pumping engine on a new system for the Paris 


. DIRECT. 
Ess. 1. ii. 29 per any ope with a few. 1820 
Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 11. 356 fisher is liable to re- 
direct blows from its fins or tail. 1860 Ruskin Mod. 


a fact; or a direct statement of opinion of 
speaker. /did. 333 A direct question (or 
in the indicative mood. 

e. Biol, Of cell-division : Effected without the 
formation of nuclear figures ; amitotic. 

1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life Introd. 22 The 
division of the protopl is preceded or panied 
division of the nucleus. The process may be direct or ; 
amitotic, the nucleus simply elongating, being split by ; 


a constriction. 
a. Direct action, action which takes effect with- 
out intermediate instrumentality. 

Direct-action or direct-acting Lara grt one in which 
the piston-rod or cross-head acts directly upon the crank 
without the intervention of a working-beam. 

Direct-acting or direct-action pump: a steam-pump in 
which the steam-piston and the pump-piston are con: 
by a straight piston rod, without intervening crank. 

trBqa Penny Cycl. XXII. 507/1 [It] effects the direct con- 
nection of the piston with the crank. did. 5307/2 are 
of direct connection.) 1843 Proc. Just. Civil Engin. 11. 69 
The comparatively recent introduction of direct-action 


1857 CuamBers /nformation 1. 396 The best simplest 
form of direct-acting engine is that known as the oscillating. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 356/1 (Westinghouse-brake) 
A small but powerful direct-acting steam-engine .. operates 
the air-pump. /éid. 705 In Napier’s direct-action steam- 
engine, the beam is retained, but only for the purpose of 
working the pumps. 1878 Proc. /nst. Civil Engin. LILI. 
98 (ttle) Direct Acting or Non-Rotative Penges Kaas 
and Pumps. /é/d. 364 The construction the second 


waterworks at St. Maur. : 

e. Direct tax: one levied immediately upon the 
persons who are to bear the burden, as opposed to 
indirect taxes levied upon commodities, of which 
the price is thereby increased, so that the persons 
on whom the incidence ultimately falls pay indi- 
rectlya eh agra of taxation included in the price 
of the article. So direct rate, rating, taxation, etc. 

The chief direct taxes in Great Britain are the Income and 
Property Taxes; local and municipal rates are also examples 
—— — WN. v. ti (1865) 11 ‘There 

T DAM SMITH . ~vVnd « 442 are.. 
ene dimereet circumstances which render the interest of 
money a much less proper subject of direct taxation than 
the rent of land. # oy A. Hamicton Wes. (1886) VIL. 192 
There is, perhaps, no item in the of our taxes 
which has been more un; lar than that which is called 
the direct tax. 1802 M. Cutter in Life (1888) Il. 65 There 
are two objects in view—one is to attack the funded debt, 


is .. 
of proportion to the quanti oft money 
the Exchequer. Daily News 


lways out 
13 Feb. s/s Having 
after batt: 


fabricated a pM Ta test for 
House did the same for guardians 
B. adv. =Dinectiy. 


And 
Fooles Bolt 14 Saying grace in mentall wise, 
direct before hte 
eat whicks ented Sta tomemats. A e down 
Cuesterr. Lett, 1. xcix. 277 You 


1674 Piayrorp Skil? Mus. 1. xi. 
the end of a Line, and serves to 


x 


' DIRECTABLE. 


first Note on the next Line. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 448/2 
Direct, a mark (w) to be found in music up to the present 
century. .like the catchword at the foot of a page. 

+8. In direct of: see Direct a. 1c. 


Dire'ctable, z. Also -ible. [f. Direct v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being directed. 

1884 Pall Mall G. 25 Aug.2/t No argument..would have 
persuaded .. the spectators that I had not guided with 
singular expertness my directable balloon. — 1884 Cosmmer- 
cial Advert. (N. Y.), Once the principle of directible bal- 
looning is discovered. 

Directed, #//. a. [f. Dinecr v. + -Ep1.] 
Aimed, addressed, guided, etc. : see the vb. 

1598 Frorio, Diretto..directed or adrest. 1727 Philip 
ae 93 The Coach was arriv'd to the directed Place. 1855 

AcAULAY /ist. Eng. III. 236 The Dartmouth poured on 
them a well directed broadside. 1891 Daily News 6 May 
5/6 To create and maintain a large amount of organized and 
directed activity within the limits of his large diocese. 

Hence + Dire'ctedly adv. Ods., directly. 

1539 Tonstatt Sern. Palm Sund, (1823) 49 We shuld 
put an other foundation of the churche than Christe, whyche 
1s dyrectedly agaynst saint Paule. a 1641 Bre. Mountacu 
Acts and Mon, (1642) 277 Directedly intending for his 
owne advancement. 

Directer, -ible: see DirecTor, -ABLE. 

Dire'cting, 24/. sd. [f. Direcr v. + -1NG1,] 
The action of the verb Direct (q.v.) ; direction (in 
various senses). 

1530 Patscr. 213/2 Directyng, adresse. 1559 CUNNINGHAM 
Cosmogr. Glasse 161 As touchinge the directing of anye 
shippe. 1632 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 97 ‘The coun- 
tenancing of causes and directing of juries. 1751 LaBetye 
Westm. Br. 66 The Directing the Persons concerned therein, 
was committed to one Person only, 1890 G, B. SHaw 
Fabian Ess. Socialism 119 ‘The ‘directing’ of companies 


and the pat ig of nitrog Volunteer Colonels. 
Directing, 7//. a. [-1nG?.] That directs; 
see the verb. 


1588 J. Metis Briefe Instruct. G viij, Aboue the direct- 
ing line. 1670 Devout Conanun. (1688) 69 Some beams of 
thy directing consolatory light. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) 
I. xv. 259 A secret directing Providence. 1889 S/ectator 
19 Oct., That is the true end of arranging work, and it is 
one which the directing classes do not forget when arrang- 
ing work for themselves. i 

. spec. directing-circle, a circle made of two 
hoops, one within the other, to guide sappers in 
the making of gabions; directing-plane (/¢7sf.), 
a plane passing through the point of sight parallel 
to the plane of the picture; directing-point 
(Persp.), the point at which any original line 
meets the directing plane (Gwilt Avch. Gloss. 1876); 
directing-post, a finger-post on a road. 

185r J.S. Macautay Field Fortif. 66 The directing circle 
is then laid on a level piece of ground, and seven, eight, or 
nine pickets are driven at equal distances apart, between 
the hoops. er Directing plane, point [see Director 3f). 
1876 Harpy Lthelberta (1890) 28 Reaching the directing- 
post where the road branched into two, she paused. 

Direction (dire'kfon, dai-). [a. L. direction- 
em, n. of action from dirég-éve to Direct; cf. F. 
direction, 15th c. in Hatz.-Darm., possibly the 
immediate source in some senses.] 

1. The action or function of directing: a. of 
pointing or aiming anything straight towards a 
mark; b. of putting or keeping in the right way 
or course; guidance, conduct; ¢. of instructing 
how to proceed or act aright; authoritative guid- 
ance, instruction; d. of keeping in right order; 
management, administration. 

1s09 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxiv. xiii, She [nature] werketh 
upon all wonderly .. In sondry wyse by great dyreccyon, 
1568 GraFrton Chron. II. 138 Which thing was shewed unto 
the kinges counsaile, by whose direction, the matter was 
committed unto Sir Philip Basset. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. nu. 
iii. 128 He is a Souldier, fit to stand by Caesar And giue 
direction. 1618 Rateicu in Four C. Eng. Lett. 38 Where 
without any direccion from me, a Spanish village was burnt. 
1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 109 Father Arnout, 
who was preferred by the Duke of Luynes, to the direction 
of the [King’s] Conscience. 1662 J. Davirs tr. Olearius’ 
Voy. Ambass, 36 The Steeples give a great direction to the 
Ships that sail that way. .1689-92 Locke Yoleration m. ii. 
Wks, 1727 II. 324 Their want of Knowledge during their 
Nonnage, makes them want Direction. @1719 Br. Smat- 
RIDGE (J.), The direction of good works to a good end. 

A, Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 217 He may use one 


of his hands when necessary for the direction of the horses. . 


1801 Strutt Sports § Past. u. i. 60 [No] such precision... 
in the direction of the arrows. 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth 
xxxii, Who shall wha 2 the head by whose direction the 
act was done? 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 422 
The French prince followed the direction of his wiser 
instincts. 1863 Geo. Extor Romola u. ix, She felt the need 
of direction even in small things, 

+2. Capacity fordirecting; administrative faculty. 
_ 1585 J. B. tr. Viret's Sch. Beastes Avij, Because of their 
industrie .. and of that prudence and direction that they 
have. 1594 Suaxs. Rich, //7, v. iii. 16 Call for some men 
of sound direction. 1636 Massincer Bashf. Lover u. iv, 
The enemy must say we were not wanting In courage or 
direction. 

3. The office of a director; a body of directors ; 
= DIRECTORATE. 
_ 4710 Steete Tatler No. 206 » 2 We met a Fellow who 
is a Lower Officer where Jack is in the Direction. 1977 
Smotietr Humph., Cl. (1815) 225 A friend. .will recommend 

ou to the direction. 1 THackErAy Wewcomes 1. 62, 

will ask some of the Direction. 1878 F. S. Wittiams 


391 


Midl. Railw. 124 Resignation by Mr. Hudson of his posi- 
tion on the direction. 

b. Mus. The office or function of the conductor 
of an orchestra or choir: see Direct v. 5 b. 

+4. Orderly arrangement or disposition of mat- 
ters; arranged or ordered course ; arrangement, 
order, Chiefly in 40 ¢ake or set direction. Obs. 

1407 Mann. §& Househ. Exp. 173 3eff ther be any dereke- 
syon take at thes kowensel for the Kinges goenge. 1475 
Plumpton Corr. 33 He shall see such a derection betwixt 
his brother Gascoin & you, as shalbe to your harts ease 
& worship. 1494 Fanyan Chron. vit. 491 The whiche vari- 
aunce to apese the Kynge toke therein some payne, but no 
direccion he myghte set therein, so that the saide duke & 
sir John deperted with wordes of diffiaunce. 1, Hatt 
Chron., Hen. VITT, 14/b, And there remained at the kynges 
charge, til other direccion was taken for theim. 

5. with @ and g/.: An instruction how to proceed 
or act ; an order to be carried out, a precept. 

1576 FLeminc Panopl, Efist. 257, 1 set downe directions 
and precepts, how you should order and dispose your 
studies. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 129 He .. took little or 
nothing but by the Doctors directions. 1722 De For 
Plague (1754) 10, I desire this Account may pass with the 
rather for a Direction to themselves to act by. 180 Strutr 
Sports & Past. Introd. 24 The stage direction then requires 
the entry of Two men. 1845 H. J. Rose in Excycl. Aletrop. 
II, 897/1 His [Christ's] direction in the case of an offending 
brother, ‘tell it to the Church’..would be unintelligible, if 
there were no visible Church. 1854 J. S. C. Ansorr Nafo- 
deon (1855) II. xxx. 569 His instructions contained the 
following directions. 

b. Instruction how to go to a place. 

1596 Spenser /. Q. vi. i, 6 Withouten guyde Or good 
direction how to enter in. 1749 Fietpinc 7om Yones xvi. 
x, Fitzpatrick .. was inquiring in the street after his wife, 
and had just received directions to the door, 1762 GotpsM. 
Cit, W. ciii, 1..beg of you to provide him with proper 
directions for finding me in London. 

6. The action of directing or addressing a letter, 
or the like. +b. The dedication or address of a 
writing (ods.). ¢@. The superscription or address 
upon a letter or parcel sent, indicating for whom 
it is intended, and where it is to be taken; the 
name of the place at which letters for a particular 
person are to be delivered; =AppREsS 5, 7. d. 
U.S. Law. ‘In equity pleading, that part of 
the bill containing the address to the court’ (Cent. 
Dict.). (Called in England the address. ) 

1524 Wotsey Let. to Dacres 24 Apr. in M. A. E. Wood Lets. 
Iilustr, Ladies (1846) I. 315 It was folded in the said paper, 
without direction to any person, and sealed semblably with 
a letter of a contrary tenor. 1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary 1. 
(2625) 4 That it [a writing] containe not base .. or scurrile 
matter, unbeseeming a direction so worthy. /é/d. 1. 16 ‘The 
directions, which on the outside of every Letter. .are always 
fixed, and commonly are termed by the name of Super- 
scriptions, 1663 Cus. II, in Cartwright Madame Henri- 
etta (1894) 138 A little booke .. by the derections you will 
see where ’tis to be had. 1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. 
to C’tess Mar 10 Mar., I have received..that short note.. 
in which you .. promise me a direction for the place you 
stay in. 1749 Fiecpinc Yowe Fones xu. ii, The proper 
direction to him was, Jo Dr. Misaubin in the World. 
1786 Burns Let. to W. Chalmers 27 Dec., My direction is 
—care of Andrew Bruce, merchant, Bridge-street. 1840 
CrouGcu Amours de Voy. v. vii, Has he not written to you? 
—he did not know your direction. 1886 NV. & Q. 7th Ser. 
II. 425/1 These letters .. retain their directions .. and bear 
the postmarks of the period. 

me vi Disposition, turn of mind. Ods. rare. 

1642 Life Dk. Buckhm. in Select, Harl. Misc. (1793) 286 
His religious lady, of sweet and noble direction. 


+8. Direct motion (of a planet): see Direct a. 


3. Obs. rare. 

1658 Puiturs, Direction, a Planet is said direct, when it 
moveth in its natural course according to the direction of 
the Signs. 1727-5: Cuampers Cycl., Direction, in as- 
tronomy, the motion, and other phwnomena, of a planet, 
when direct. 1790 Sisty Asérol. (1792) I. 147 Direction 
signifies a planet moving on in its natural course from 
west to east. 5 

9..The particular course or line pursued by any 
moving body, as defined by the part or region of 
space, point of the compass, or other fixed or known 
point, towards which it is directed; the relative 
point towards which one moves, turns the face, the 
mind, etc.; the line towards any point or region in 
its relation to other lines taken as known. 

Angle of d., line of d.: see quots. 1706, 1727. 

1665 Hooxe Microgr. 100 The undulating pulse is .. at 
right angles with the Ray or Line of direction. 1706 
CrarkE Attrib, God ix, (R.), The direction of all their [the 
planets’] progressive motions .. from the west to the east. 
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Line of Direction (in Mechan.) 
is the Line of Motion that any natural body observes 
according to the Force impre: upon it. 1727-5r CHAM- 
BERS Cyci, s. v., Argle of Direction, in mechanics, is that 
comprehended between the lines of direction of two con- 
spiring powers. 1756 C, Lucas Ess. Waters 11. 47 The 
tides .. move it in two different directions four times in the 
natural day. 1756 Burke Subd. § B. m1. xv, Their parts 
never continue long in the same right line. They vary 
their direction every moment. 1834 Mepwin Angler in 
Wales I. 103 The trout were darting about in all direc- 
tions. 1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 70 The direction of 
this rotation is changed by changing the direction of the 
magnetic force. 1878 Hux.tey Physiogr. 6 These terms— 
north and south, east and west. .indicate definite directions. 
1879 Tuomson & ‘Tarr Nat. Phil. 1. 1. § 218 The direction 
of a force is the line in which it acts. If the place of appli- 
cation of a force be regarded as a point, a line through that 


, See -IVE. 


DIRECTIVE. 


past in the direction in which the force tends to move the 
jody, is the direction of the force. J/od. Tell me in what 
direction to 100k. He has gone in the direction of Warwick. 
In what direction is Versailles from Paris ? 

b. fig. in reference to a course of action or the 
like, viewed as motion. 

1752 Jounson Rambler No, 206 ? 3 A Man, actuated at 
once by different desires, must move in a direction peculiar 
to himself. ¢1790 WitLock Voy, 306 Of late. . politics have 
taken a new direction, 1830 D’Israrti Chas. /, III. i. 5‘ Too 
often the impulse which sprang from a public source, took 
the direction of a private end. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. 
§ 4. 308 Efforts. .in the direction of educational and religious 
reform. 1875 Jowerr Pato (ed. 2) 1V. 519 New directions 
of enquiry. 

10. Astro/. (See quots.) 

1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey). 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/., Di- 
rection. .is a kind of calculus, whereby they pretend to find 
the time wherein any notable accident shall befal the person 
whose horoscope is drawn. 1819 Jas. Witson Com/l. Dict. 
Astro. s.v., Primary directions are arithmetical calculations 
of the time of events caused by the significator forming con- 
iunctions, or aspects, with the places of promittors. /é7d., 
‘The distance of the place of a significator in a nativity from 
the place hg must arrive at before he can form the aspect... 
is called the arc of direction. 

Ll. atértb. and Comb., as direction-giver, -paper ; 
direction cosines, the cosines of the angles which 
a given direction makes with the three axes of co- 
ordinates in space; direction-post, a finger-post 
at the branching of a road, a directing post ; 
direction-ratio, the ratio of one of the oblique co- 
ordinates of a point to the distance of the point 
from the origin; direction-word =CarcHworD 1, 

15gt Suaks. 720 Gent. ut, ii. go Sweet Protheus, my di- 
recuon-giuer, Let us into the City presently. 1706 Puituirs 
(ed. Kersey), Direction-qword..a Word set at the bottom of 
a Page directing or shewing the first word of the next page. 
1769 FRANKLIN Leff, Wks. 1887 1V. 233 Enclosed is his di- 
rection-paper for opening and fixing it. 1844 Dickens J/art. 
Chuz. ii, A direction-post, which is always telling the way 
toa place, 186x Mitt UVézét. ii. 35 Vo inform a traveller... 
is not to forbid the use of direction-posts on the way. 

Hence Dire‘ctionism, the theory of a directing 
power underlying the material forces of the universe; 
Dire‘ctionless a., void of aim or direction. 

1860 Ruskin Mod, Paint. V. v1. iv. § 8 An aspen or elm 
leaf is thin, tremulous, and directionless, compared with 
the spear-like setting and firm substance of a rhododendron 
or laurel leaf. 1873 PATER Renaissance viii. 190 ‘Lhe eyes 
are wide and directionless, not fixing anything with their 
gaze. 1894 A/onth June 281 He... supposes a_ power 
underlying the whole, which he calls ‘directionism’; as an 
antagonistic view to that of mere materialism. 

Directional (dire'kfonal), @. [f. prec. + -au.] 

+1. Serving for direction or guidance: see 
quot. Obs. 

1612 SturTEVANT Metallica (1854) 67 Directional is that 
moddle which is made only to guide the Artificer in the 
dimensions of all the parts, as also for to direct them for the 
kinds of the matter and the stuffe .. to make the engin in- 
tended. 

2. Of or relating to direction in space. 

188r Maxwe et Electr. & Magn, 11. 168 These directional 
relations, 1881 SporriswooveE in Na/uze No. 623. 546 There 
is a dissymmetry at the two ends or ‘terminals’ of a battery 
..or other source of electricity, implying a directional 
character either in that which is transmitted, or in the mode 
of its transmission. 

3. Alg. Directional coefficient (of an imaginary 
quantity), the quotient obtained by dividing the 
quantity by its modulus. 

Hence Directionally adv., with respect to 
direction. 

1879 ‘T'Homson & Tarr Nat, Phil. 1. 1. § 107 A fixed ring 
in space (directionally fixed, that is to say, but having the 
same translational motion as the earth’s centre). 

+ Dire-ctitude. Ods. Humorous blunder, used 
apparently for wrong or discredit. 

1607 Suaks. Cor. 1v. v. 222 Which Friends sir, durst not.. 
shew themselues. .his Friends, whilest he’s in Directitude. 

Directive (dire*ktiv, dai-), a. (sb.) [ad. med.L. 
directiv-us, £, direct- ppl. stem of dirigére to direct : 
In F. divectif, -2ve (13-14th c.), Sp. and 
Pg. directivo, It. direttivo ‘ having or giving direc- 
tion vnto, directiue’ (Florio 1598).] 

1. Having the quality or function of directing, 
authoritatively guiding, or ruling : see Direct vz. 

1594 Hooker Ecc?, Pol. 1. viii. (1611) 18 A law therefore 
generally taken, is a directiue rule vnto goodnesse of oper- 
ation. 1614 RaceiGH Hist. World u, 245 ‘Vo the power Di- 
rective they ought to be subject. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 
414 The .. directive conscience tells us what we are to do, 
and the subsequent or reflexive conscience warns us what 
we are to receive, 1712 BerkeLey Passive Obed. § 7 Laws 
being rules directive of our actions, 1729 Savace Wanderer 
v. 656 No friendly stars directive beams display. 1853 M. 
Ke ty tr. Gosselin’s Power Pope 11. 364 The directive power 
ofthe Church. 1861 Mitt U#z7/t. ii. 16 Utility or Happiness, 
considered as the directive rule of human conduct. 

+b. Zaw. =Drirectory a. b. Obs. 

1610 Br. CARLETON Jurisd. 166 His meaning is by lawes 
directiue .. that Princes haue no coactiue power ouer the 
Clergie but onely power directiue. @ 1649 WintHRop New 
Eng. (1826) II, 205 There is a threefold power of magis- 
tratical authority, viz. legislative, judicial, and consultative 
or directive of the public affairs of the country. 1698 R. 
Fercuson View Eccles. 30 He fulfilled the Directive Part 
of the Law..he likewise underwent the Penalty of it. 

2. Having the quality, function, or power of 


DIRECTLY. 


directing motion; causing something to take a 
particular direction in space, 

(Used Pas poe of the force by which a magnet takes 
a north direction.) 

1625 N. Carpenter Geog. Det, 1. iii. (1635) 44 The ine 
Directiue, by which a needle touched with the M 
directs and conformes it selfe North and South. 1667 hal, 
i faceroed II. 437 ™ Verticity or Directive faculty of the 

Loadstone. 1794S. Wituiams Vermont 377 The directive 

wer of the magnet. 1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 65 
Peis. -directive, not motive, altering the direction of other 
forces, but not. -initiating them. 1881 MAxwe tt Llectr. & 
Magn. II. 70 The directive action of the earth’s magnetism 
on the compass needle. 

+ 3. Subject to direction. Obs. rare. . 

1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. 1. iii. 356 Limbes are his instruments, 
In no lesse working, then are Swords and Bowes Directive 
by the Limbes, 

Pigg sb. That which directs. Ods. 

Rocers Naaman To Rdr. § 2 That directive of 
sae le, and freedome of pure will that kept him. 1654 
Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 35 Spirituall Vertue. .is..the com- 
mon directive of all other vertues. 

Hence Dire'ctively adv., in a directive manner, 
so as to direct or guide; Dire’ctiveness, the 
quality of being directive. 

1642 Mitton Observ. his Majesty's late Answ. & Ex- 
presses 44 Those .. that allow humane Laws to obleage 
Kings more then directively, 7653. Baxter Chr. Concord 
79 Ifa Presbyter may not Govern directively, then he may 
not Teach. 1710 Norris Chr. Prud. ii. 74 Prudence.. 
actually directs and conducts men in the management of 
themselves ..and this actual Directiveness is of the very 
essence of Prudence. 1858 Busunett Serm. New Life 374 
God will co-work .. directively in all the great struggles of 
believi ing souls. 

Directly (direktli), adv. [f. Direcr a. + -Ly2.] 
In a direct manner or way, 

1. In a straight line of motion; with undeviat- 
ing course; straight. 

1513 Mone i in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 800 The king with 
Queene Anne his wife, came downe out of the white Hall.. 
and went directly to the kinges Benche. 1601 Suaks. Ful, 
C. iv. i. 32 A Creature that I teach to fight, To winde, 
to stop, to run directly on. x Sir T. Browne Hydriot. 
(1736) 52 Cutting thro’ one of them either directly or cross- 
wise. 1678 Bunyan Pilgrim's Prog. 1.3 Keep that light 
in your eye, and fe up directly thereto. 1790 Patey Hore 
Paul. Rom. i.g To proceed from Achaia directly by sea to 
Syria. 1820Scoressy Acc. Arctic Keg. 1. 304 [It] advanced 
directly towards us with a velocity of about three knots. 

b. fig. Straightforwardly; pointedly; simply ; 
plainly; + correctly, rightly (0és.). 

1s09 Hawes Past. Pleas. v. ii, [Grammar] doth us tech 
.-Inall good ordre to speke directly. 1513 More in Grafton 
Chron. (1568) II. 786 ia woul Id that point should be lesse.. 
handled, not even fully playne and directly, but touched 
a slope craftily. 1568 /éid. 11. 1339 He might firste aske 
a question before he aunswered directly to the poynte. 1660 
F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 249 Not being able to 
discern directly what likenesse they were of. 1711 STEELE 
Spect. No. 136 P 3, I never directly defame, but I do what 
is as bad. 1791 fase Corr. (1844) III. 274, I asked him 
his opinion directly, and without management. 

Math. Opposed to znversely. 

1743 W. Emerson Doctrine Fluxions m. vii. 274 The 
Times of describing any Spaces uniformly are as the Spaces 
directly, and the Velocities reciprocally. Hurron 
Math. Dict. 1. 384/2 Quantities are said to directly 
proportional, when the proportion is according to the order 

vethe terms. 1799 Cr. Rumrorp in PAil. Trans. LXXXIX. 
= The time taken up..is..as the capacity of the body to 
‘receive and retain heat, directly, and as its conducting 
power, inversely. Bowen Logic xii. 413 The theory 
of gravitation, or the doctrine that every body attracts 
every other body with a force which is directly as its mass 
and inversely as the square of its distance. 

2. At right angles to a surface; perpendicularly; 
vertically ; not obliquely. 

1559 W. CunNINGHAM Cosmogr. —— Take a quadrant 

. and set it directly upright. 1563 Futke Meteors 
(164: 0) 4b, In place where the Sunnes beames strike directly 
mine the earth, .the heate is so great, that [etc.]. 1665 
loaar Microgr. 130 This does shoot or —— directly 
downwards. 1698 Frver Acc. E. India § P. 186 Nearer 

‘the Equator the Sun and Stars ascend and descend more 
directly, but the farther from the E the more obliquely. 

1748, P. "Tuomas ¥rud. Anson's Voy. 243 They use a Pencil, 

-not obliquely, as our Painters, but directly, as if the 

Paper were to be prick’d. Mod. The wind is blowing 

directly on shore. 


3. Astron. In the order of the signs, from west 
to east. See Direct a. 3. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxu. vi, The bodies above to 
have their et In the xii. signes .. Some rethrogarde, 
and some dyrect yrectly- 

4. Completely, absolutely, entirely, exactly, pre- 
cisely, just. 

Esp. in directly contrary (see Direct a. 4 €); thence 


— to other relations. 
= Apol. Loll. 4 1f he .. leuip to wirke, and dob con- 


directly. Re. 3 Rolls of Parlt. V. 280 Entendyng to 
y togidr 


ped direct es with 1583 Srusses Anat, 
Abus. ut. (1882) 88 It is most irectly against the word of 
God. 1601 Suaks. 7wel. N. ut. iv. 73 This concurres 
directly with the Letter. KE dM, 192, I 
found one described and Figur'd aod like that whlch 
I had by me. 1696 tr. Du Mont's . Levant 219 It 

, between the Old 


stands directly in the fe ses of the cng. 
and New Town. 1720 Swirr Mod. E ucation Wks. 7 
IL. 11. 31 In better times it was directly otherwise. 1768 
Boswett Corsica (ed. 2) 356 He was directly such a vener- 
able hermit as we read of in the old romances. bos Peat 
Howrrt F. Bremer’s Greece Ul. ii. 20 The wind .. 

directly contrary, 1891 Sir R. V. Wittiams in Law Times* 


892 
Roh ante 608/2, I find no decision directly in point on 


5 Without the intervention of a medium or agent; 
immediately ; by a direct or mode. 

_— ty Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 165 Seemann or 

ediatly, that is to say, without meane, or by some meane, 
directly” or indirectly. a@ 1533 Frrru Ws. 147 (R.) Now of 
this maior or first tion thus vnderst doth the 
conclusion folowe directly. 1651 Hoppers cvtath. 11. xxviii. 
163 Corporall Punishment is that, which is inflicted on the 
body directly .. such as are stripes or wow 1816 
Keatince 7'raz. (1817) I. 58 When the needful does not 
come directly out of their pent ase 1860 ‘T'yNDALL Glac. 
u. v. 251 The _ cannot ly at the deeper portio: 
of the snow. Max Miter Se. YReli (1873) 137 A uni- 
versal primeval guage revealed directly by Fei to man. 

6. Immediately (in time) ; straightway; at once. 

1602 Suaks. Ham. un. ii. 219 ‘And who in want a hollow 
friend doth oe. tly seasons him his enemy. 1743 
Burxetey & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 18 Sent the Barge 
ashore..to see if the Place was inhabited, and to return 
aboard directly. 1848 C. Bronte 7. Eyre xxvii, He 
sat down: but he did not get leave to speak directly. 188 
Biaves Caxton (1882) 230 It was probably put ag ger 
directly after if not during the translation. od. I will 
come directly. Directly after this, he was taken away. 

b. collog. as cong. As soon as, the moment after. 
(Elliptical for directly that, as, or when.) 

1795 Montford Castle 1. 88 Directly you refused [his] 
assistance, a judgement overtook you. 1827 Froupe 
Remains (1838) 1. 68, 1 quite forget all my scepticism direct! 
I fancy myself the object of their perception. 18: 
Newman Profh. Office Ch, 2 But it admits of criticism, ‘and 
will become suspected, directly it is accused. 1837 R. B. 
Eve Pract. Chem. 74 Iodine and phosphorus combine 
directly they come ito contact. 7 Buckie Civiliz. 
I. xii. 677 The celebrated work of De Lolme on the English 
constitution was suppressed. . directly it appeared. 

Directness (dire'ktnés). [f. Drrecra. + -NESS.] 
The state or quality of being direct (/¢. and fig.) ; 
straightness, straightforwardness, plainness. 

1598 Frorio, Diritezza, directnes, straightnes. 
Cornwatuis in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 141 So would he use 
much sincerity and directness in the answer. 1668 TempLe 70 
Lord Keeper 12 Feb. (Seager), Our alliance, if it be pursued 
with the same directness it has been contracted. 1793 Burke 
Corr. (1844) 1V. 201 Our politics want directness and sim- 
plicity. 1816 Keatince /rav. (1817) II. 48 The directness 
of the courses of the rivers. 1852 fax Cocksurn Mem. ii. 
(1874) 100 His clear abrupt style imparted a dramatic 
directness and vivacity to the scene. 1860 TyNnDALL G/ac. 1. 
xiv. 96 An eagle could not swoop upon its prey with more 


directness of aim, 1874 Green Short Hist, vii. § 1. 344 His 
denunciations of wrong had a prophetic directness fire. 
Directo-exe’cutive, a. monce-comb. That 


combines directive with executive functions, 
1864 H. Spencer //lustr, Univ. Progr. 419 The directo- 
executive system of a society (its legislative and defensive 


appliances). 

Director (dire-kta1). Also 5-7 -our, 6-9 
-er (6 Sc. direkkare, direckar). [a. AF. dtrect- 
our = F, directeur, ad, L. *director, agent-n. from 
dirigére to direct.] 

1. One who or that which directs, rules, or guides ; 
a guide, a conductor; ‘one that has authority over 
others ; a superintendent; one that has the general 


management of a design or work’ (J.). 
Director-general, a chief or supreme director, having under 
him directors or managers of departments. 
1477 CAxTONn in Earl Rivers’ Dictes 145 Erle of Ryuyers 
lode and directour of the siege apostolique. 1552 
1884) 47 To be ledar, techar and 
direckar of the same kir! _ Marseck Bk. Notes 741 
They use hir [the moon] as the directer of their festiuall 
daies. 1594 Hooker Zecé. Pol. 1. (870) 98 It cannot be but 
Nature hath some Directer of infinite knowledge to — 
her. 1614 RALEIGH Hist. World u. 225 The North 
is the most fixed d of the S to his desired 
Port. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. 77 The husband is the 
director and ruler of his wife. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. 
(1818) 78 Whatever thou doest, consult as thy di- 
rectors. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 467/1 In edhe, Mozart was 
appointed director of the archbishop of Salz pg 3 's concerts, 
1876 Bancrort //ist. U.S. V. xvi. 526 He was created 
director-general of the finances, 1880 Grove Dict, Mus. 
I. 412/2 The theatre was turned Frederick Beale into an 
h - The was Mr. sige 
W. A. Wattace Oni; /a Sister 86 Stabl 
in-general of everything. 1891 S. C. Scrivener my Fields 
& Cities 135 It is a better knowledge of the effect luced by 
inevitable ‘ weather’ that the director of cultivation requires. 
b. spec. A member of a board appointed to 
direct or manage the affairs of a commercial cor- 
poration or company. 
wz Sag aa A i aoe of the directors of by ohne 
. touching the bloudy proceed 
ainst the fog Merchants” -at Am 973 
P il. Trans, VILL. 6113 He. .is still one of the chief of 
Court of ittees, which a foreigner would call Direc- 
tors. 1697 Lond. Gaz. he Hleedson of Twenty foe A Neemmng 
Court will be held for the tion of Twent 
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 3 ® 1, I looked i into the great pant Hal 
where the Bank is is kewe and was not a little to see 
the Directors, Secretaries, and Clerks. 1732 Pore Z/. 
pecs gsc 117 What made Directors cheat in South-sea 
ar? rah Jonson Zler idler rte 29 » 6, I was hired in the 
ee Pr pt 182s Scorr ae Dec. 
in Lockhart, Went to the Sra court motel the Edin neh f ~ 
surance Company, to which I am one of those 
useless ndages called Directors extraordinary. "ore 
Besant ete Rice Gold. mito af vii, Gabriel Casals was 
a yg of many compan: 
c. spec. A member of the French Aina 


1795-9 : see Directory sé. 6. 


Asp. Hamitton Catech. 


c 1614 | 


DIRECTOR. 
Riek Casoummo y ait in fet mete (1852) =e 
was entrusted to 


Penny Cycl. 1X. 1 i The executive 

at - Sedge iat ieee ae 
tary 

departments. 


d. Zecl. (chiefly in R. C. Ch.) An ecclesiastic 
holding the position of spiritual adviser to some _ 
particular person or society. 

1669 Woopiirap St. Teresa 1. xiii. 80 He will have 
need of a Directour, if he can meet with an ex, 


fe pug And Relig Soe. | reed 
1 os. Woopwarp Relig. Soc. ix. (1701) 133 That an 
should be chosen by each 


as a confessor . . A 
is consulted in ‘ cases of conscience’. - 
+e. Mus. =Drrectr sb. 2. Obs. 

1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 20 It is called an Judex or 
director : for looke in what place it standeth, in that place 
doth the first note of the next verse stand. 1667 C. Simpson 
Compend, Musick 22 This mark + is set to direct us where 
the first Note of the next five Lines doth stand, and is there- 
fore called a Directer. 


f. A small letter inserted by the scribe for the 
direction of the illuminator in the space left for 


an illuminated initial. 

1881 BLApEs Caxton (1882) 230 Sgr is left at the begin- 
ning of the chapters with a tor, for the insertion of 2 to 
5-line initials. 

+ 2. The dedicator of a book or the like. Ods. 

1553 Douglas’ Aineis (1710) <3 Here The Direkkare and 
Translatare of this Buke direkkis it. 

3. One who or that which causes something to 
take a particular direction. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. ii. 62 [The] Needle 
.. will not hang parallel, but decline at the north extreme, 


| and at that part will first salute its Director. 


+b. One who aims a missile. Ods. rare. 
1632 Litucow. Trav. vil. 300 The best director may mis- 


| take his ayme. 


e. Surg. A hollow or grooved instrument for 
directing the course of a knife or scissors in making 
an incision. 

vag R, Lower in Phil, Trans. 11. 544 Take it fide Inci- 
sion-knife) out, and put in a Director, or a small | made 
like it. 1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 383 Carefully intro- 
duce a very small director, to avoid injuring the intestines. 
Pcp —_ Expos. Lex., Director. -grooved instrument 

or guiding a bistoury, etc. in certain operations. 

a “A metallic rod in a non- -conducting handle 
connected with one pole of a galvanic pes em for 
the pu of transmitting the current to a part 
of the body.’ Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

1795 Conese Electr. IL. (ed. 4) 122 ‘Each of these instru- 
ments, called directors, consists of a knobbed brass 
wire. Fry iw Panorama Sc. & Art WU. 267 The other 
extremities of the wires must be fastened to the wires of the 
instruments YZ, which are called directors. 1846 Joyce 
Sci, Dial. xv. 394 (Electricity). 

e. An apparatus for directing a t 

— Cc. rv cle sep 5 Fibs War 

‘Torpedo direct: 


~ and fs we 
f. Perspective. (See quots.) A 
G Archit, Gloss., Director Original 
sha tasighe tien pacing encbeas tee ‘afrecting pin ad the 
of a spectator. ‘Director o the Eye, the intersection of 
the with the directing plane perpendicular to the 
nal plane and that of the picture, and hence also per- 
panticalas to the directing and vanishing planes. 
g. Geom. = Director circle: see below and cf, 
Direcrrix 2b. 

1852 Gaskin Geom. Constr. Conic Sect. Pref. 6 There are 
several remarkable properties of this locus, which, as far as 
the author is aware, nane not been hitherto he 
has found it con it the ‘director’ of the 
conic section, which in the ease of the parabola coincides 
with the directrix, 

4. attrib. and Comb. director-circle (of a eon 
the locus of intersection of tangents at 
to each other; so also dérector’- via phere (a 
of the second degree); director-plane, a fixed 

lane used in describing asurface, analogous to the 
line called a Dirgcrrix ; director-tube (= sense 


ds) The 
“ (ed. 2) oss The 


described about a focus of an ellipse ye 
radius=major axis. See Taytor Anc. §& Mod. Geom, 
Conics (x onan Wea go. (H. T. Gerrans.) 

irecter plane. R. Townsenp in — 
PrnaN Frnt. Math. VILL. 11 For the paraboloid .. the 4 
here opens out into a Ibid, The director 
paraboloid. 


eo 


be .. is the 
ver ot toe espe apparatus rough which i 
torpedo is fired. 


Direrctor, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. 


Tom fs a director, tes ‘ 
Pall Mi Another e.. : 
=~ ore, which ie ducantowel by Mr. G. B—. “3 


DIRECTORAL. 


Directoral (direkt6ral), a. rare. [f. as pree. 
+ -AL.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a 
director; directive, directory. 

1874 GiapstoneE in Daily News 10 July 2/5 The business 
of law is to prevent and to punish crime, and directoral laws 
are comparatively rare. Directoral statates, telling 20,000 
clergymen what to do every day of their lives, and how their 
congregations are to be led. . must of necessity be exceptional. 

Directorate (dire*ktérét), [mod. f. Director: 
see -ATE!, Cf. F. dérectorat, 17th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.] a. The office of a director, or of a body 
of directors; management by directors. b. concr. 
A board of directors. 

1837 Cartyte #7. Kev. ILI. vu. viii. (1872) 272 Director- 
ates, Consulates, Emperorships..Succeed this business in 
due series. 1858 Sat. Rev. V. 31/1 The Directorates of the 
Kast India Company and of the Bank of England are the 
Garter and the Bath of Commerce, 1861 Suites Engineers 
II. 203 Under the joint directorate of the East and West 
India Dock Company. 1881 Atheneum 30 Apr. 601/3 The 
Musical Union .. under the directorate of M. Lasserre. 
1887 7%mes 2 Sept. 8 The successful efforts made .. by the 
directorate of the Royal Gardens at Kew. 

Directoress : see DrrEcrress, 

Directorial (di-, dairektde-rial), a. [f. L. di- 
rectort-us (f. *director-em DIRECTOR) + avd 

1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a director, 
or of direction or authoritative guidance. 

1770 W. GuTHRIE Geogr. Gram., Germ. (T.), The em- 
perour’s power in the collective body, or the diet, is not 
directorial, but executive. 1839 G. S. Faser Husendeth’s 
Professed Refut. 37 note, Directorial books .. with which 
I conclude Mr. Husenbeth, as a zealous Romish Priest, to 
be not altogether unacquainted. : 

2. Of or pertaining to a body of directors; sfec. 
belonging to the French Directory (see Direcrory 
sb. 6). 

1797 Burke Regic. Peace 11. Wks. VIII. 342 This object 
was to be weighed _—— the directorial conquests. x 
Ann, Rev. Il. 93/2, The national institute was establishe 
under the directorial government. 1818 Jas. Mitt Byt. 
India 1. vy. ix. 706 Copies of all proceedings of Directorial 
and Proprietary Courts. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. Const. 
y. 69 The Directorial Constitution of 1795 gave one elector 
for every two hundred of the Primary Assembly. 1886 Z az 
Times UXXX. 150/2 He brought .. charges of misfeasance 
in their directorial duties against the two directors. 

Hence Directo'rially adv., in a directorial 
manner ; according to the principles of the French 
Directory. 

1839 Fraser's 
monarchically ; 
the convention, 
torially. : 

+ Directorian, ¢. Ods. rare—1.  [f. as prec. 
+ -AN.] Pertaining to or of the nature of a direc- 
tory: see DirecTory sé, 2 a. 

1661 R. L’Estrance Relapsed Apostate Introd. Biij b, 
Your New Liturgy it self, is down-right Directorian. 

‘ctorize, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dinecror + 
-1zE.] trans. To bring under the authority of a 
directory (see Directory sd. 2a). 

1651 Ranvotpn, etc. Hey for Honesty ut. vy, There would 
be no Presbyters to directorise you. 16539 GAuDEN Jears 
of Ch. 609 Undertaking to Directorize, to Unliturgize, to 

techize, and to Disciplinize their Brethren. 

Dire'ctorship. [f. Direcrorn+-sur.] The 
office or position of a director, guiding. 

1720 A. Hitt Let. to G. Sewel 3 Sept. Wks. 1753 I. 9 
Yourself have much the fairest pretence to the directorship. 
1795 Wasuincton Left. Writ. 1892 XIII. 106 ‘The director- 
ship of the mint. 1885 Manch. Exam. 12 Aug. 5/4 It is 
difficult to associate the idea of a railway directorship with 
the authorship of melodious verse. 

Directory (direktéri), a [ad. L. divectori-us 
that directs, directive, f. *directdr-em DIrEctTor : 
see -onY. Cf, obs. F. divectoire (Cotgr.).] Serving 
or tending to direct; directive, guiding. 

@ 1450 Lypc. Secrees 593 Rewle directorye, set up in a 
somme. 1611 Corer., Directoire, directorie, directiue, direct- 
ing. 1613 M. Riptey Magn. Bodies 62 ‘The iron barres .. 
being. . pp Poa North and South, do receive a polar vertue, 
and directory agg 1645 ‘TomBes ARE. ir The 
power of Pastors .. being .. not in a compulsory, but a 
directory way. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gov. Eng. 1. xxiv. 
(1739) 41 Neither was the .. Sheriff’s work in that Court, 
other than directory or declaratory; for the Free-men were 
Judges of the fact. 1733 CHEyNE Eug. Malady 1, Introd. 
(1734) 4 Having no necessary Connection’ with what is Di- 
rectory or Practical. 1838-9 Hatiam Hist. Lit, 111. iv. un. 

Peach ans 


§ 7.134 In the direct of the 5 
b. spec. Applied to that part of the law which 


directs what is to be done, esp. to ‘a statute or 
part of a statute which operates merely as advice 
or direction to the person who is to do something 
pointed out, leaving the act or omission not de- 
structive of the legality of what is done in disregard 
of the direction’. 

1692 Wasuincton tr. Milton's Def. Pop. v. (1851) 160 That 
Princes were not bound by any Laws, neither Coercive, nor 
Directory. 1765-9 BLackStoNe Comm. (T.), Every law may 
be said to consist of several parts: one declaratory. .another 
directory. 1884 Law 7imes 11 Oct. 383/2 There was no 
necessity .. to comply with the directory provisions of the 
Act as to delivery of copies in England. 1886 Law Times 
LXXX. 241/1 The section is directory only, and a mortgage 
is not rendered invalid merely by reason of non-registration. 

+c. Directory needle, a magnetic needle. Ods. 

1613 M. Riptey Magn. Bodies Pref. 2 A Directory-needle, 

Vou. IIL. . 


Mag. XIX. 127 He lived .. with kings, 
--with the nobility, aristocratically ; ..with 
conventionally ; with the directory direc- 


393 


or a little flie Magneticall in the boxe, fastened at the 
bottome in his convenient distance. a 1646 J. GreGoRY 
Terrestrial Globe Posth. (1650) 281 This Needle .. directing 
towards the North and South, the Mariners .. call their 
Directorie-Needle. 1664 Power Ex/, Philos. 11, 156 A well 
polished Stick of hard Wax (immediately after frication) will 
almost as vigorously move the Directory Needle, as the 
Loadstone it self. ° 

Directory (dire’ktori), sb. [ad. med. or mod. 
L. directorium, subst. use of neuter of directori-us : 
see prec. and -ory. Cf. F. dévectotre, 15th c. in 
Godef. Suppl. It. direttorio a directorie (Florio).] 

1. Something that serves to direct; a guide; esf. 
a book of rules or directions. 

1543 J. Harrison Max of Synne title-p., An alphabetycall 
dyrectorye or Table also in the ende therof. c18so (¢/¢/e), 
The Directory of Conscience, a profytable Treatyse to such 
that be tymorous .. in Conscyence. |" 162x Monte Camerar. 
Liv, Libr, w. xx. 312 Sometimes a light occasion serueth as 
a directorie for the execution of most weighty things. 1675 
TEonce Diary (1825) 7 Wee.. hast toward the Downes; 
looking for our dyrectory, the Foreland light. 1691-8 Norris 
Pract, Disc. 76 At a time when God had not given any 
express Directory for the Manners of Men. 1775 Phil. 
Trans. LXV. 184 The compilers of those popular direc- 
tories. 1 Morse Amer. Geog. U1. 454 ‘The Rhodian law 
was the directory of the Romans in maritime affairs. 1878 
J. P. Hopes Princ. Relig. vii. 24 We might have preferred 
a written directory, or a visible teacher. 

2. Lccl. A book containing directions for the 
order of public or private worship; sfec. a The 
set of rules for public worship compiled in 1644 
by the Westminster Assembly, ratified by Parlia- 
ment and adopted by the Scottish General Assem- 
bly in 1645. 

1640 A. Henperson in C. G. M’Crie Worship Presbyt. 
Scotd, (1892) 194 [Expressing the wish that there were] one 
Directory for all the parts of the public worship of God. 
1641 Mitton Animady, xi. (1847) 93/1 Perhaps there may 
be usefully set forth by the Church a common directory of 
publick prayer. 1645 (¢/¢/e), ‘The Directory for the Publick 
Worship of God ; agreed upon by the Assembly of Divines 
at Westminster, with the assistance of Commissioners from 
the Church of Scotland. 1736 Near Hist. Purit. LL. 157 The 
Parliament. .imposed a fine upon those ministers that should 
read any other form than that contained in the Directory. 
1827 Haram Const, Hist. (1876) Il. x. 172 ‘Vhe English 
commissioners .. demanded the complete establishment of 
a presbyterian polity, and the substitution of what was 
called the directory for the Anglican liturgy. 1892 C. G. 
M’Crie Worship Presbyt. Scott. 194 The word Directory 
exactly describes the nature and contents of a Presbyterian 
as distinguished from a liturgical Service-book. 

Jig. 1663 ButLer Hud. 1. ili. 1193 When Butchers were 
the only Clerks, Elders and Presbyters of Kirks, Whose 
Directory was to kill, And some believe it is so still. 


b. &. C. Ch. A manual containing directions 


for the repetition of the daily offices; an ordinal. 

1759 (title) The Laity’s Directory (Cath. Dict.). 1837 
(ti iS The Catholic Directory ‘ee 1867 (¢2¢/e) Catholic 
Directory and Ordo for Ireland. 1885 Catholic Dict. 2635/2 
The Catholic Directory ..familiar to English Catholics .. 
contains besides the Ordo a list of Clergy, Churches, etc. 

8. A book containing one or more alphabetical 
lists of the inhabitants of any locality, with their 
addresses and occupations; also a similar com- 
pilation dealing with the members of a particular 
profession, trade, or association, as a C/er¢cal or 
Medical Directory, etc. 

1732 J. Brown (¢it/e) The Directory, or List of Principal 
Traders in London, 1778 (¢it/e) Whitehead’s Newcastle 
Directory, for 1778. 1838 Gray Le?t?. (1893) 71 Returning 
to the hotel I consulted the city directory. 1888 A. K. 
Green Behind Closed Doors vi, Gryce..searched for an 
address in the directory, 

+4. Direction, ordering, control. Obs. rare. 

1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xxxvii. (1739) 56 This 
manner of trial ..and that of Ordeale [were] under the 
directory of the Clergy. /éid. 1. xlvii. (1739) 81 Present as 
Assistants in directory of judgment. 

+5. Surg. = Director 3c. Obs. 

x69t Mutuneux in Phil. Trans. XVII. 822 By help of 
a Directory and Forceps..he brought away the Stone. 
1754-64 SMELLIE Midwi/. II. 18 This opening was enlarged 
upona directory. 

6. Fr. Hist. [transl. F. Directoire.] The execu- 
tive body in France during part of the revolutionary 
period (Oct. 1795—Nov. 1799), consisting of five 
members called directors (drecteurs). 

[1795 Amer. State Papers, For. Relat. (1832) 1. 378 
(Stanford) It is probable that this act of the minister proceeds 
from himself, and not from the directoire.] 1796 WasHING- 
Ton Lett. Writ. 1892 XIII. 273, I little expected .. that a 

rivate letter of mine .. would have found a place in the 

ureau of the French Directory. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace 
1. Wks. VIII. 202 It is said by the directory. .that we of the 
ow are tumultuous for peace. 1796 — Corr. (1844) IV. 307 

hall you and I find fault with the proceedings of France, 
and be totally indifferent to the proceedings of directories 
at home? 1810 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1830) 1V. 143 This 
does, in fact, transform the executive into a directory. 1867 
G.F.Cuampers A stron. (1876) 66 General Buonaparte. .when 
the Directory was about to give him a féte, was very much 
surprised, 

7. A body of directors; =Directorare b. 

1803 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. 1. 407 Within the proprie- 
tary, we had almost said within the directory of the com- 
pany, persons are now found [etc.]. 1883 Harfer’s Mag. 
July, 926/2 The principal working members of the directory. 

tress (direktrés). Also 6-7 -esse, 8 
directoress. [f. Drrecror + -Ess.] A female 
who directs ; +a governess, Also fig. 


DIREMPT. 


1580 SipNEy Arcadia (1622) 336 Directresse of my destinie. 
1647 R. Stapyiton Fuvenal 236 We stile him happy too, 
that .. life for his directresse takes. 1737 JoHNnsom /rene 
ut. i, Reason! the hoary dotard’s dull directress. 174x 
Ricuarpson Pamela Il. 64 You shall be the Directress of 
your own Pleasures, and your own Time. 180 MissC. Smitx 
Solitary Wanderer 1. 240 Her cunning directress had 
foreseen that I should endeavour to obtain that proof of her 
regard, 1848 THackreray Bk, Snobs vi, She..is a directress 
of many meritorious charitable institutions, 1884 Law Times 
4 Oct. 369/1 The mother .. obtained a conditional order for 
a habeas corpus addressed to the directress of the home. 

+ Dire‘ctrice, Ods. [a. F. directrice (ad. med. 
or mod.L. directrix, directric-em, fem. of dtrecteur 
DirEctor.] =prec. 

1631 Bratuwair Lng. Gentlew. (1641) 323 Where vertue 
is not directrice. c1730 Burt Lett. N. Scotd. (1818) I. 193 
The directrice or governess who is a woman of quality. 

Directrix (dire‘ktriks). Pl. -ices, [a. med. 
or mod.L. directrix, fem. of *dzrector DixEcTOR.] 

1. =Drirecrress. 

1622 H. Sypennam Sevmz. Sol. Occ. 1. (1637) 112 As if the 
same pen had beene as well the directrix of the languages, 
as the truth. 1656 47¢if, Handsom. (1662) 31 ‘The Regent 
and directrix of the whole bodies culture, motion, and wel- 
fare. 1678 Cupwortu J/ntedl. Syst. 1. iii. $ 37.164 The several 
parts..acting alone..without any common directrix. 1843 
H. Rocers £ss, (1860) III. 40 An unfailing directrix in all 
difficulties, 1892 J. Rickasy Aguinas Ethicus 1:224 Reason 
is the directrix of human acts. 

2. Geom. +a. = DiniGentT sb. 3; (see quot. 
1753). Obs. b. A fixed line used in describing 
a curve or surface; sfec. the straight line the dis- 
tance from which of any point on a conic bears 
a constant ratio to the distance of the same point 
from the focus. 

1702 Ratpuson Math, Dict., Directrix of the Conchoid. 
Jbid. App., The two Conchoids, whereof the line CD will 
be the common Asymptote, which is also called the Direc- 
trix. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Sufp., Directrix, in geometry, 
the line of motion, along which the describing line, or 
surface, is carried in the Genesis of any plane or solid figure. 
1758 Mouthly Rev. 403 A certain circle on the same surface, 
which is, as it were, the conical directrix. 1807 Hurron 
Course Math, Il. 117 If, through the point G, the line GH 
be drawn perpendicular to the axis, it is called the directrix 
of the parabola, 1840 LarpNeR Geo. xx. 269 Lines drawn 
perpendicular to the transverse axis, through the points D,D’, 
are called directrices of the ellipse. 

8. Directrix of electrodynamic action (of a given 
circuit): the magnetic force due to the circuit. 

1881 Maxweti Léectr. & Alagn. 11. 157 Their resultant 
is called by Ampére the directrix of the electrodynamic 
action, /é¢d. 158 We shall henceforth speak of the directrix 
as the magnetic force due to the circuit. 

+ Dire’cture. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. directiira 
(in Vitr. a making straight or levelling), f. dzrect- 
ppl. stem of L. dzrigéve to Direct.] ‘The action 
of directing ; direction. 

«1677 Manton Disc. Peace Wks, 1871 V. ii. 167 Led by 
the fair directure and fair invitation of God’s providence. 

Direful (doiesfttl), @  [f.. Dire a. (or 5b.) + 
-FUL.] Fraught with dire effects; dreadful, terrible. 

1583 Stusbes Anat, A dus, 1,(1879) 70 Except these women 
weare minded to. .folowe their direfull wayes in this cursed 
kind of..Pride. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. x1. 55 Whenas the 
direfull feend She saw not stirre..She nigher drew. 1604 
Suaks. Oth. v. i. 38 ‘Tis some mischance, the voyce is very 
direfull. 1634 Mitton Comus 357 The direful grasp Of 
savage hunger, or of savage heat. 1715-20 Porr /éiad 1. 
1 Achilles’ wrath, to Greece the direful spring Of woes un- 
number’d, 1781 Gispon Decl. & F. IL. xiii. 561 Their 
sincerity was attested by direful imprecations. 1825 J. 
Nicuotson Oferat, Mechanic 477 Vhe direful effects of 
using lead in the manufacture of pottery, 1850 MERIVALE 


Rom. Emp. (1865) I1. xi. 8 Prodigies of direful import. 


Hence Direfully advs, dreadfully, terribly ; 
Di‘refulness, dreadfulness, terribleness. 

a1656 Ussuer Ann. (1658) 244 Curtius..describes.,.the 
direfullnesse of the tempest. 1756 J. Warton Z'ss. Pofe(T.\, 
The direfulness of this pestilence is.,emphatically set forth 
in these few words. 1775 Asu, Direfudly (..not much used). 
1845-6 TrencH Huds. Lect. Ser. 11. 1v. 196 These convictions 
..men were too direfully earnest in carrying..out. 1848 
‘Tuackeray Van, Fair |xii, He passed the night direfully 
sick in his carriage. 

Direge, obs. form of Drree. 

Direkkare, obs. Sc. form of Director. 

Direly (doiesli), adv. [f. Direa,+-Ly2.] In 
a dire manner; dreadfully; in a way that bodes 
calamity. 

1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict. ut, Screech-owls direly 
chant. 1630 Drayton David § Goliah (L.), And of his 
death he direly had forethought. 1633 P. FLercuer Purple 
Zs, xu. xxxix, Direly he blasphemes. 1824 CampBeLL 
Theodric 131 A check in frantic war's unfinished game, Yet 
dearly bought, and direly welcome, came. 1848 ‘THACKERAY 
Van. Fair xxiv, Some great catastrophe... was likely direly 


to affect Master G. ; 

+ Dirempt, p//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dirempt-us, 
pa. pple. of dzrimére to separate, divide, f. dir-, 
Dis- 1 apart + emére to take.] Distinct, divided, 
separate. 

1561 Stow Zug. Chron. Aij, (N.), Bodotria and Glota 
have sundry passages into the sea, and are clearly dirempt 
one from the other. be 


+ Dire-mpt, v. Ods. [f. L. dévempt- ppl.stem 
of dévimére: see prec.] trans, To separate, divide; 
to break off. 

1586 J. Hooker Girald. Jre7. in Holinshed Chron. I. 52/1 
That if either part refused to stand to his — 


DIREMPTION. 


the definitive strife might be direm sentance. 
‘ToMLinson y pein, 287 Tees Fig te | 


t 
rem into three angles. 

Diremgtion (diresmPfon). Now rare. [ad. 
L. diremption-em, n. of action f. dirimére to sepa- 
rate, divide.) A forcible separation or severance. 

1623 Cockeram, Diremption, a separati H 
Decam. iii. 25 They cannot be parted except the Air or 
other matter can enter and fill the space made by their 
diremption. 1874 C. E. Appreton in Life & Lit. Relics 
(1881) 159 The diremption of the two kinds of development 


i 


with Mags .. the whole of 
the. morning’s service, including the a 


may be possible to the individual. 1876 C; uf 5 
XXVII. 960 The successive stages ., on the way through 
self-diremption to the return unto self. 

b. spec. Forcible separation of man and wife. 


4 d a Dirige or Dirge. 
Ripon Ch. Acts (Surtees) 83 note, The 
orum’., consisting of Vespers, called ‘P as, 
ie, called ‘Dirige’, from its first antiphon, ‘ Dirige 


p. Hat Cases Consc. (1650) 331 The displ e of 
Peg Bie) law against such marriages is so high flowne, 
that no lesse can take it off then an utter diremption of 
them. a 1653 Gouce Comm. Heb, xiii. 4 Marriage..ought 
not to be dissolved, but by diremption, which is, by severing 
man and wife by death. 

Direness (daiemés). [f. Dire a, + -ness.] 
The quality of being dire or of dreadful operation. 

1605 SHaks. Macé. v. v.14, I haue supt full with horrors ; 
Direnesse, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts, Cannot 
once start me. 1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God 356 
Trismegistus and Capella averre the direnesse of his [Mer- 
cury's] name. 1833 M. Scorr Tom Cringle xvii. (1859) 458 
Direness of this kind cannot daunt me. 

Direnje v., obs. form of Drratcy, to decide. 

+ Direption. O¢s. [ad. L. direption-em, n. of 
action f. div7pere to tear asunder, lay waste, snatch 
away, f. di-, dis- asunder + rapére to snatch, tear 
away; cf. 16th c. F. direption (Godef.).] 


1. The sacking or pillaging of a town, etc. 


I Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref I. 1. 118 Such as | 7 Es 
aed rel : | 43 quot. 1408 in 1. (.Sc.) 


before dwelt in Rome, and in the direption lost their sub- 
stance. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 181 Calphur- 
nius, nochtwithstanding thir direptionis, went forthwart 
with his army. 1611 Sreep Hist. Gt, Brit. vit. i. 191 The 
whole Country by these continuall direptions, was vtterly 
depriued of the staffe of food. 1660 GaupEn Brownrig 203 
The arrears .. due to him before the direption and deprae- 
dation. 1828 G. S. Faser Sacy. Cal. Prophecy (1844) IL. 
¥ The direption and spoliation of the Empire. 


| dirge not much inferior to the former. 


, etc, 

2. transf. A song sung at the burial of, or in 
commemoration of, the dead ; a song of mourning 
or lament. Also fig. 

1500-20 Dunsar Dregy 111 Heir endis Dunbaris Dergy 
to the King, bydand to lang in Stirli 1593 SHAks. 
Lucr. 1612 And now this pale swan in her a nest 
Begins the sad dirge of her certain —— 1638 Sir T. 
Hersert 7rav. rik 2) 228 Most memorable battels; as 
when Crassus lost his life, Valerian and others, occasioning 
those dirgees of the Roman Poets. 1655 Futver Ch. Hist. 
VI. 297 Musick, which in some sort sung her own Dirige 
..at the dissolution of Abbies. 1713 Pore in Guardian 
No. 40 In another of his pastorals, a shepherd utters a 
1814 Scott Ld. of 
‘sles 1. i, Let mirth and music sound the dirge of Care! 
1819 Suettey Ode West Wind ii. 9 Thou dirge Of the 
dying year. 1832 Ht. Martineau /redand iv. 65 The 
waves .. renewed their dirge with every human life that 
they swept away. _ Bowen Virg. Eneid v1. 220 Dirge 
at an end, the departed is placed in the funeral bed. 

3. A funeral feast or carouse; cf. dirge-ale in 


cr Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1754) 1. 268-9 (Jam.) Wine 
is filled about as fast as it can go round; till there is — 
a sober person among them.. This last homage they call 
the Drudgy [read Dredgy], but I suppose they mean the 
Dirge, that is, a service performed for a dead person. 
7ax178§0 in Herd Collect. Sc. Songs (1776) 1. 30 (Jam.) 
But he was first hame at his ain ingle-side, And he helped 


| to drink his ain dirgie. 


The action of snatching away or dragging | 
| -priest; dirge-like adj.; also dirge-ale, an ale- 


apart violently. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 762 For we haue not obeyed 
thy comandementis, therfore we ben betaken in to dyrep- 
cion, captyuyte, deth. 1550 Bate Aol. 21 A bonde indis- 
pensable if autorite of the churche, and a dyrepcion or 
sackynge of matrimony. 1623 CockERram, Direption, a vio- 
lent taking away. 1650 AsHmoLe Chym, Collect., Arcanum 
(ed. 3) 238/2 Of the conflict of the Eagle and the Lion .. 
the more Eagles, the shorter the Battaile, and the direption 
of the Lyon will more readily follow. a 1693 UrquHart 
Rabelais 1. xviii. 393 Direption, tearing and rending 
asunder of their Joynts. 

+ Direpti‘tious, 2. O/s.—° [f. L.dirept-us, pa. 
pple. of diripére see Dikeprion) +-ITI0us (after 
surreptitious).] Characterized by direption, plun- 
dering, or pillaging. Hence +Direptitiously 
adv., by way of pillaging or plundering. 

1532 R. Bowyer in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xvii. 135 The 
grants surreptitiously and direptitiously obtained. 

Diresioun, obs. form of DERISION. 

Dirge (dsidz), sb. Forms: a. 3-7 (8-9 72st.) 
dirige, (4-6 dir-, dyr-, der-, -ige(e, -yge, -ege, 
-egi, -egy, 6-7 dirigie). 8. 6 Sc. dergie, (6-8 
dregy, dredgy, drudgy), 7 dirgie, 7-8 dirgee. 
+. 4derge, 5 derche, dorge, 5-6 dyrge, 6- dirge. 
[Originally drige, the first word of the Latin an- 
tiphon Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in conspectu 
tuo viam meam ‘ Direct, O Lord, my God, my way 
in thy sight’, taken from Psalm v. 8. 

1. In the Latin rite: The first word of the anti- 
phon at Matins in the Office of the Dead, used 
as a name for that service; sometimes extended 
to include the Evensong (Placebo), or, according 
to Rock, also the Mass (Xegudent). 

a12a5 Ancr. R. 22 Efter euesong anonriht sigged ower 
Placebo eueriche niht hwon 
holiniht vor feste of nie lescuns pet kumed amorwen, 
biuore Cumplie, oder efter Uhtsong, sigged Dirige, mit preo 
psalmes, and mit breo lescuns eueriche niht sunderliche .. 
et Placebo 3e muwen sitten vort Magnificat, and also et 
Dirige. ¢1320 Sir Benes 2902 Beues is ded in bataile Par 
fore .. Hit is Beues dirige! 1350 Zug. Gilds (1870) 35 
He ssal sende forthe be lel to alle be breberen and 4 
gre pat pey bien at the derge of be body. 1408 

. E, Wills (1882) 15 Brede & Ale to Spende atte my 
dyryge. c1420 Chron, Vilod, 2170 He coutinuede algate 
.. In doyng of masse, of derche, & of almys-dede. 
in Eng. Gilds (1870) 191 When any Broder or Suster of this 
Gilde is d oute off 
Gilde shall doo Rynge for hym, and do to say a Place 
and dirige, wt a masse on y® morowe of Requiem. 1 
Wriornestey Chron, (1875) 1.71 Allso a solempne dirige 
songen in everye parishe churche in London. 1539 Br. 
Hitsey Manual of Prayers in Three Primers Hen, V/IT 
407 Of those old Jewish customs hath there crept into the 
church a custom to have a certain suffrages for the dead, 


4. attrib. and Comb., as dirge-man, -mass, -note, 


drinking at a funeral (cf. quot. 1408 in 1); dirge- 
groat, -money, money paid for singing the dirge. 
1587 Harrison England 11. i. (1877) 1. 32 The superfluous 
numbers of .. church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called 
also *dirge-ales .. are well diminished. 1564 Brecon Dis- 
playing Popish Mass Prayers, etc. (1844) 258 Have ye not 
| deserved your *dirige-groat and your dinner? 17a 
Srrvee Eccl. Mem. 111. xii. 114 The priests did not seldom 
quarrel with their parishioners for .. dirge-groats and such 
like: for that was the usual reward for singing mass for 
a soul. 1561 Br. Parxnurst /junctions, Whether they 
vse to sing any nomber of psalmes, *dirige lyke at the 
buryall of the dead? 182 eat Chr. Year Restoration 
iii, One dirge-like note Of orphanhood and loss. 
Lytton Str. Story Il. 91 Other dogs in the distant village 
..bayed in adirge-like chorus. 1824 J. Symmons schylus’ 
Agamemnon 99 Why for Loxias woe, woe, woe? He has 
no “dirgemen. 1563-87 Foxe A. & AM. (1684) a oa To 
say a “Dirge Mass after the old custom, for the Funeral 
of King Edward. 1564 Brief Examinat. ******, You 
can be content *Dirige money be conuerted to preachynges. 
1835 Mrs. Hemans Swan & Skylark Poems (1875) 553 
‘The *dirge-note and the song of festival. 154. Def. Priests’ 
Marriage 24 (Strype Mem. 1. lii. 393) Mass-priests, *dirige- 
priests, chantry-priests, sacrificing-priests. : 


Dirge, v. rare. [f. prec. sb.] ‘rans. To sing 


| a dirge over, commit with a dirge. 


eise; bute 3if hit beo | 


this worlde .. y* Steward of Lc | Turkey, an 


called Dirige, of Dirige, the first anthem hereof; but by — 


whom or when these suffrages were made, we have no sure 
evidence, /éfd. 408 For this only cause have I also set 
forth in this Primer a Dirige ; of the which the three first 
lessons are of the miseries of mans life; the middle of the 
funeral of the dead corpse; and the last three are of the 
last resurrection. 1g91 Spenser M, Hudberd 453 They 
whilome used .. to < 

their shrifts. 1 


.. Their Diriges, their Trentals, and | 
ocers Naaman 165 Give moneyes | 


Hoop Loss Pegasus ii, Dirged by Sea Nymphs to 
his po grave! ae She is Jar - cant 62 Waves over- 
surging ae Syrens a-dirgeing her. 7 

Dirgee, var. of Durzer, Anglo-/nd., tailor. 

irgeful (diudzfil), a. [f Diecx + -FuL.] 

Mourntul, full of lamentation, moaning, wailing. 

1787 Burns 70 Miss Cruikshank, Thou, amid the dirgeful 
sound, Shed thy dying honours round. 1 CoLerIDGe 
Chatterton, Soothed sadly by the dirgeful wind. sr a 
Moir Poems, To a wounded Ptarmigan x, While the 
dirgeful night-breeze only Sings. 

+ Dirgy (45°3d3i), a. rare. [f. Diner sd, + -¥.] 
Of the nature of a dirge. 

1830 W. Tavtor German Poetry 11, 47, How glumly 
sownes yon dirgy song! [affected archaism.) 

|| Dirhem. Also dirham, derham. [Arab. 
oe? dirham, dirhim, ad, L. drachma, Gr. 5pax- 

ph: see DRacuM. Formerly in It. diremo.] An 

Arabian measure of weight, originally two- 
of an Attic drachma (44-4 grains troy), now used 
with varying weight from Morocco to Abyssinia, 
Persia; in Egypt it is at present 
(1895) = 47°661 troy grains. Also a small silver 
coin of the same weight, used under the caliphs, 
and still in Morocco, where its value is less than 4¢. 
English. H 

1788 Gispon Decl. § F. lii. V. 397 note, Elmacin .. com- 
pared the weight of the best or common dinar, to the 
drachm or dirhem of Beye, 1850 W. Irvinc Mahomet 
xxxix. (1853) 199 Omar Al Hareth declares that Ma- 
homet, at his yoy did not leave a golden dinar nor a 
silver dirhem. 1872 E. W. Ronertson //ist, Ess. 3 In 
Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Barbary and Arabia, the Dirhem, 
as a standard of weight, continues at the present day to be 
divided into 16 killos, or carats, and 64 grains. /did. 48 
note, The d hr of C inople .. the original of the 


| the Genesis or Production of any plain or solid Figure. 


Teor eS cite hen tae tame of ea ovened date 
now adj sum 
Dirhombohedrou (doirgmbo,h7-drgn). 


See quot., and Di- 21. ne. 
Coa Gov Sukee 66 dirhombohedron is a 
double six-sided pyramid, whose faces are similar isosceles 
triangles, a 

+ ‘bitory. Os. [ad. L. diribitorium, f. 
diribére to distribute, f. dir-, dis- asunder + habére 
to hold.] (See quot.) 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Diribitory, a place wherein Soul- 
diers are bered, ed, and ive their pay; A 
place where the Romans gave their voyces. 

'e (di‘ridgz), obs. and historical f. Drrer. 

+ t (di-ridzént), a. and sé. Obs. [ad. L. 
dirigent-em, pr. pple. of dirigére to DiREct. 

A. adj. 1. That directs, directin; fe. directive. 

1617 Coins Def. Bf. Ely u. ix. 359 mperant only, not 
en it, not q' as your School-men loue 
to 5} . 

2.° Pharm. Formerly applied to certain ingre- 
dients in prescriptions which were held to guide 
the action of the rest. . 

1851-60 in Mayne E-xfos. Lex. 

3. Geom, (See quot.) ; 

1704 J. Hanns Lex. Techn, (J.), The dirigent line in 
geometry is that along which the line describent is i 
in the generation of any figure. : 

B. sé. 1. =Drrecror 1. 

1756 ‘IT. Amory Life Buncle (1770) I. xiii. 45 You will be 
the guide and dirigent of all my notions and my days. 
2. Pharm. A dirigent ingredient: cf. A. 2. 

1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. 217 Dirigent, 
that constituent in a prescription which directs the action 
of the associated substances. 

3. Geom. A dirigent line: see A. 3. 
1706 Puitivs (ed. Kersey), Dirigent, the Line of Motion 
along which, the Describent Line or Surface is carry’d in 


in Hutton Math. Dict. 

irigible (di-ridzib’l), a. Also 7 derigible, 
9 dirigeable, [ad. L. type *dirigibil-is, f. diré, 
ére to Direct, Cf. mod.F. dirigeable.]) Capab 
of being directed or guided. 

1581 Lamparve Liven. 1. x. (1588) 62 It would avayle 
greatly to the furtherance of the Service, if the Dedimus 
potestatem to giue these Oaths were dirigible to the Ius- 
tices (and none other). 1649 Br. Reynotps //osea vii. 119 
‘The proper conclusions deducible from these princi 
and derigible unto those ends. 1688 Norris Theory 
1. i. 63 Why love as Dirigible is made the subject of 
Morality rather than gar eg 1833 Six W. fasaes 
ton Discuss. (1852) 137 Intellectual operations .. in so far 
as they were dirigible, or the subject of laws. 188 Sat. 
Rev. LI. 110/1 For eighteen years .. no attempt was made 
to render balloons dirigible. Cassell’s Fam, Mag, 
764 The balloon was dirigeable. 1887 St. Fas’. Gas. 23 Sept, 
5 A grestee speed than has yet been attained by any other 

irigibie 0. 

Dirigo-motor (dirigomautj1), a. Physiol. 

irreg. f. L. dirig- stem of dirzgére to Direct + 

otor.] That both produces and directs muscular 
motion. ; 

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 1. 1. iii. 49 Each 
efferent nerve is a dirigo-motor agent. 

Diriment (dirimént),a, [ad. L. diriment-em, 
pr. pple. of dirimére to separate, interrupt, frus- 
trate: see Dinempr, Cf. F. dévmant that nullifies 
fa marriage).] That renders absolutely void ; nulli- 
ying; chiefly in diriment impediment, one that 
renders marriage null and void from the beginn| 

yaad Warerwortn Council of Trent (1888) p. ccxxv, Th 
Churc! having, eathority to establish .. new essential and 
diriment imp mat y. 1875 C ip. Rev. 
XXVI. 423 There is another diriment impediment which 
has lately attracted more than ordinary attention. 1688 
Ch. Times 2 Mar. 179 In England, .marriages, not hindered 
by a diriment imped , are valid whe: lemnised, 

+Dirity. Obs. rare. [ad. L. diritas, f. dirus 
fell, Dire. plneoesh, seeectoeer . 

H Serm. Pi . Wks. IIL. unappeas- 

Fo woh ror te dirity of his corrective justics. 1623 

Cockeram, Diritie, crueltie, fiercenesse. 1656 in BLount 

Glossogr, 1721-1800 in Bawry. . 

Dirk (daik), s+. Forms: 7 dork, 7-9 < 
(7 durke), 8- dirk. [Origin unknown. 
in 1602 spelt dpré, then common from second half 
of 17th c. as durk; the spelling dirk was oe 
without authority in Johnson’s Dict. 1755, a 
from the falling together of 77, wr, in Eng. pro- | 
nunciation ; cf. Burmah, Birmah, dirt, durt, etc. — 
Although early quots, and Johnson’s explanation — 
suggest that the name was Gaelic, there is no such 
word in that language, where the weapon is called _ 
biodag. O'Reilly's duirc is merely the 18th ¢. 
English word spelt Irish-fashion. : 

i es been offered that the word may 
name 


su = 

Da, Dirk familiar form ei r pie F 
is act ey 10m pckloc fe 
that div i not the original f s 


Da. dirik, dirk, Sw. d; 
orth iinelish wo ofr ‘dagger’ gs to 

t word, no such sense as b 
the contiaaseal en If of continental onan earliest 
form dork might possibly be a soldier's or sailor's corruption 


of Du., Da., Sw. dodk, Ger. dagger.) ey | 
1. A kind of dagger or : spec, a. The 
dagger of a Highlander. +b. ‘A small sword or 


DIRK. 


dagger formerly worn by junior naval officers on 
duty.’ Smyth Sadlor’s Word-bk. (Obs.). 

1602 Form of ancient trial by battel in Nicholson and 
Burn's //ist, Westmoreland (1777) I. 596 note, ‘wo Scotch 
daggers or dorks at their girdles. ?16.. Robin Hood & 
Beggar u. Atieen) 1795 I. 106 A drawen durk to his 
breast. 2 . Hickes Spirit of Popery 36 Armed men, 
who..fell upon them with Swords and Durkes. 168 CotviL 
Whigs Supplic. (1695) 4 Some had Halbards, some had 
Durks, Some had crooked swords like Turks. 1724 Ramsay 
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 7 With durk and pistol by his side. 
a1740. T. TickELt Jit. Prophecy Nereus 29 ‘The shield, 
the pistol, durk, and dagger. 1746 Rep. Cond. Sir F. Cope 
184 Some few of their Men..arm’d only with Durk, Sword, 
and Pistol, 2758 Jounson, Dirk, a kind of Dagger used 
in the Highlands of Scotland, 1786 Burns Earnest Cry & 
Prayer xvii, Her tartan petticoat she’ll kilt, An’ durk an’ 

istol at her belt, She'll tak the streets. 1794 — Let. to . 

‘ohnson 7 Feb. Wks. 1857 IV. 58, I have got a Highland 
dirk, for which I have great veneration, as it once was the 
dirk of Lord Balmerino. 1806 Gazetteer Scot/, Introd. 15 
The Highland durk is certainly an imitation of the Roman 
short dagger. 1822 J. Fur Lett. Amer. 113 The dirk 
has a pointed blade, four or five inches long, with a small 
handle. It is worn within the vest, by which it is com- 
plétely concealed. 1830 Scorr Demonol. x. 396 We saw the 
dirk and broadsword of Rorio Mhor. 1833 Marryat ?. 
Simple iv, 1..wrote another [letter] asking for a remittance 
to purchase my dirk and cocked hat. 1839-40 W. Irvinc 
Wolfert’s R. (1855) 193, 1 pocketed the purse .. put a dirk 
in my bosom, girt a couple of pistols round my waist. 188z 
Jowett Thucyd. I. 162 The highland Thracians. .are inde- 
pendent and carry dirks. 

2. Comb.,as dirk-hilt ; dirk-like adj.; dirk-hand, 
the hand that grasps the dirk ; dirk-knife, a large 
clasp-knife with a dirk-shaped blade. 

1837 Locxnart Scott xli. (1839) V. 340 Its bottom is of 
glass, that he who quaffed might keep his eye the while 
upon the dirk hand of his companion. 1851 D, Witson 
Preh. Ann, (1863) II. 1v. vi. 347 Ivory dirk-hilts elegantly 
turned and wrought by the hand. 

Dirk (ddik), v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To stab 
with a dirk. 

a W. CLetanp Poems (1697) 13 For a misobliging 
word She'll durk her salen thee the board. did. 15 
Had it not been for the Life-guard She would have durkt 
him. 1808 J. Bartow Columb. vit. 356 They .. Wrench off 
the bayonet and dirk the foe. 1822 Scott Viged iii, ‘I 
thought of the Ruthvens that were dirked in their ain house.’ 
i R. H. Dana Bef. Alast xxvii. 88 With a fair prospect 
of being stripped and dirked. 

Dirke, -ness, obs. ff. DARK, -NESS. 

Dirl, v. Sc. and orth. dial. [Allied to Se. chirl 
to pierce, to THRILL, and to Dritt. It is not a 
simple phonetic development of ¢/z7/, since ¢h does 
not become d in the north; but it seems to be due 
to some onomatopeeic modification.] 

1. trans. To pierce, to thrill; to cause to vibrate, 
cause a thrilling sensation in by a sharp blow. 

1513 [see DirtinG v2 sd. below]. 1568 Bannatyne MS. 
in Sibbald Chron. Scot. Poetry (1802) I11. 236 (Jam.) Young 
Pirance..Was dirlit with lufe of fair Meridiane. 1826 T. 
Witson Pitman's Pay (1872) 8 (Northumb. Gloss.) Thy 
tongue .. dirls my lug like wor smith’s hammer. 1837 
Lowe. Lett. (1894) I. 23 But she, alas! my heartstrings 
dirls, 1871 P. H. WappeLt Psalms 4 Horns 0’ the siller.. 
dirlin the lug an’ wauk’nin the heart. 1892 Northurnbld. 
Gloss. s.v.; To ‘dirl the elbow’ is to strike the sensitive 
bone of that part—the ‘funny bone’, as it is called. 

2. intr. To vibrate as when pierced or sharply 
struck, or in response to sound ; to have a thrilling 
sensation, to tingle. 

1715 Ramsay Christ's Kirk u. 7 Meg Wallet wi’ her pinky 
een Gart Lawrie’s heart-strings dirle. 1790 Burns Tam 0’ 
Shanter 124 He screw'd the pipes and gart them skirl, Till 
roof and rafters a’ did dirl. @1835 Hocc Ringan § May 
38 Though .. the merle gar all the greenw dirl. 1869 
Lonsdale Gloss., Dirl, to tingle, or thrill with pain, the 
sensation being the result of a blow or other violence. 1884 
Nuge Eccles. 1. 26 When I smash the table till it dirls. 

b. To produce a vibrating sound; to ring. 

1823 Gat R. Gilhaize I, 131 (Jam.) Twisting a rope of 
straw round his horse’s feet, that they might not dirl or 
make a din on the stones. 1892 Norihumbld. Gloss., Dirl,. 
to produce a deafening or a painful vibration. ‘Hear hoo 
the win’s dorlin’, 

Hence Ditling w/. sd. 

1513 Doucias £neis xu. vii. 97 The pane vanyst als 
clene..as thocht it had bene Bot a dyrling or a litill ‘stond. 
1810 Cromek Nithsdale Song App. 334, (Jam.) [The 
Brownie] keeping the seryants awake at nights with the 
noisy dirling of its elfin flail. 

Dirl, sd. Sc. and north. dial. [f. Dinuv.] A 
thrill or vibration, with or without sound ; a thrill- 
ing effect or sensation ; a tremulous sound. 

1785 Burns Death § Doctor Hornbook xvi, It just play’d 
dirl on the bane, But did nae mair. 1818 Scott Hrt. Mid/. 
xvii, * A'body has a conscience..1 think mine’s as weel out 
o’ the gate as maist folk’s are ; and yet it’s just like the 
noop of my elbow, it whiles gets a bie dirl on a corner.’ 
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev, II. vi. iii. (1848) 330 Successive 
simultaneous dir of thirty-thousand muskets shouldered. 
1862 Histor Prov. Scot. 18 An elbuck dirl will lang play 
thirl. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Dirl, a tremulous sound. 


Dirt (dsit), sd. Forms: 4-5 drit, dryt, dritt(e, 
dryte, (4 dryit), 5 drytt, 5-6 dyrt(e, 57 durt, 
5- dirt. [By metathesis from ME. ari, not known 
in OE. and prob. a. ON. drzt neuter, excrement 
(mod. Icel. arity masc., Norw. dritd); cf. also 
MDu. drete, Du. dreet, F 1. drits, drets, excrement : 
see Drive v.] 


395 


1. Ordure ;= ExcrEeMENT 2 b. 

@ 1300 Cokaygne 179 in E. E. P. (1862) 161 Seue 3ecre in 
swine-is dritte He mot wade. 1387 Trevisa /igden (Rolls) 
V. 295 (Matz.) Ureyne and dritte. 1388 Wyciir PA//. iii. 8 
All thingis .. Y deme as drit, [1382 toordis] that Y wynne 
Crist. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvitt. v. (1495) 752 
‘The lambe hath blacke dyrte. c1440 Promp. Parv. 132/2 
Dryte..doonge, merda, stercus. c1460 Jowneley Myst. 
(Surtees) 194 The dwillys durt in thi berd, Vyle fals tratur! 
1561 Hottysusu Hom. Afoth. 13b, Take whyte dogges 
dyrte thre unces. 1642 Futter /oly & Prof. St. y. xii. 406 
Some count a Jesting lie.. like the dirt of oysters, which .. 
never stains. 1830 Marryat Aizg’s Own xxvi, It’s the 
natur of cats always to make a dirt in the same place. 

2. Unclean matter, such as soils any object by 
adhering to it; filth; esf. the wet mud or mire of 
the ground, consisting of earth and waste matter 
mingled with water. 

@ 1300 Sarnun vii. in E. EL. P. (1862) 2 pi felle wib-oute 
nis bot a sakke ipudrid ful wip drit and ding. a@x1300 7ex 
Commandm, 21 ibid. 16 Pe ful dritte of grunde. 14... S’r 
Beues 1196 (MS. M.) He. .tredith hym vnder his fete In the 
dirte amyddus the strete. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's 
//usb, 111. (1586) 151 b, The Swine. .delighteth .. to wallow 
in the durt. 1596 SHaks. Zam. Shr. iv. i. 80 How she 
waded through the durt to plucke him off me. 1611 BrpLe 
/sa. \vii, 20 The troubled sea .. whose waters cast vp myre 
and dirt. 1661 Pepys Diary 2g May, The spoiling of my 
clothes and velvet coat with dirt. 1669 Penn No Cross il. 
§ 10 Poor Mortals! But living Dirt; made of what they 
tread on, 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 64 The Dirt will sink to 
the bottom, and the Water come out by itself more clear, 
1782 Cowper Gilpix 189 Let me scrape the dirt away That 
hangs upon your face. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom’s C. 
xi. 95 Now comes my master... and grinds me down into 
the very dirt! 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 131 The muddy 
matter in these streams is merely the dirt washed from the 
roofs of the houses and the stones of the street. J/od. Dirt 
is only matter in the wrong place. 

b. fig. As the type of anything worthless: cf. 
the phrase filthy lucre. 

1357 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 771 Pey sellyn 
sowlys to satanas for a lytyl worldly dryt.  ¢1380 Wycuir 
Wks. (1880) 68 Bischopis, munkis & chanons sillen .. trewe 
prechynge for a litil stynkyng muk or drit. c 1679 R. Duke 
Lo Dryden on Tr. & Cr. (R.), You found it dirt, but you 
have made it gold. 1720 Dre For Caft. Singleton xix. 
(1840) 329 The wealth .. was all like dirt under my feet. 
1734 Pork Lss. M/an 1v. 279 Is yellow dirt the passion of 
thy life? 1753 A. Murpny Gray’s-Jun Frnl. No. 42 P11 Ever 
since .. Convenience stamped an imaginary Value upon 
yellow Dirt. 

e. A scornful name for amd (as a possession). 

1602 SHaxs. //am. v.i ‘Tis a Chowgh; but as I say 
spacious in the possession of dirt. 1616 Braum. & FL. 
Scornful Lady 1. ii, Your brother's house is big enough; 
and to say truth, he has too much land: hang it, dirt ! 

d. Applied abusively to persons. 

¢ 1300 //avelck 682 Go hom swithe, fule, drit, cherl. 1658 
CLEVELAND Rustick Rampant Wks. (1687) 457 ‘That Dirt 
of a Captain .. had butchered the English Patriarch. 1871 
C. Gipson Lack of Gold iv, Are you to turn your back on 
them like the dirt theyare? 1894 Hatt Caine Manximan 
II. xi. 88 I hate the nasty dirts. 

3. Mud; soil, earth, mould; brick-earth. co//og. 

1698 Fryer Acc. E. India §& P. 26 A Fort or Blockade (if 
it merit to be called so) made of Dirt. 1709 Steeve /atler 
No. 49 P 10 As Infants ride on Sticks, build Houses in Dirt. 
1795 WinpHAM Sf. Parl, 27 May (1812) I. 270 Children, 
who had surrounded a twig with a quantity of dirt, would 
think that they had planted a tree. 1823 P. Nicnotson 
Pract. Build, 344 Place Bricks, being made of clay, with 
a mixture of dirt and other coarse materials..are .. weaker 
and more brittle. 184 Catiin NV. Amer. /nd. (1844) I. x. 
77, Throwing up the dirt from each excavation in a little 

ile. 1889 Farmer Dict. Amer. 202/2 The gardener fills 

is flower-pots with dirt. 
b. Mining, quarrying, etc. Useless material, 
rubbish; the vegetable soil comprising a Dirv-BED. 

1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 308, 3 feet of coal, under which 
is a bad sort, called dirt, and again, 2 feet of coal. 1881 
J. W. Urquuarr Electro-typing v. 130 ‘The common quali- 
ties [of copper] give off a great deal of foreign matter known 
as ‘dirt’. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Dirts, salt-making term. 
Cinders and ashes left after fuel is consumed. 1885 Lyed/’s 
Elem. Geol. 290 A stratum called by quarrymen ‘the dirt’, 
or ‘ black dirt’, was evidently an ancient vegetable soil. 

ce. The material from which a metallic ore or other 
valuable substance is separated ; esp. the alluvial 
deposit from which gold is separated by washing ; 
= WASHDIRT. 

1857 Bortuwick California 120 (Bartlett), In California, 
‘dirt’ is the universal word to signify the substance dug ; 
earth, clay, gravel, or loose slate. ‘The miners talk of rich 
dirt and poor dirt, and of stripping off so many feet of ‘top 
dirt ’ before getting to ‘pay-dirt’, the latter meaning dirt 
with so much gold in it that it will pay to dig it up and 
wash it. 1890 Borprewoop Miner's Right xiv. 142 We 
were clean worked out..before many of our neighbours at 
Greenstone Gully were half done with their dirt. 

4. The quality or state of being dirty or foul ; 
dirtiness, foulness, uncleanness in action or speech. 

1774 Gotps. Nat, Hist. (1776) I. 328 The’sloth and dirt 
of the inhabitants. 1 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1. 
144 Literature and dirt had long been intimately ac- 
quainted, 1857 C. G. Gorvon Leé#, II]. 141 The Turkish 
steamer .. was in a beastly state of dirt. 1872 E. Peacock 
Mabel Heron |. ii. 16 The dirt, darkness, and savagery of 
the town. 

b. Meanness, sordidness. 

1625 Fiercuer Node Gent. ut. i, Our dunghill breeding 
and our durt. 1746 Metmotn P/iny vil. xxix (R.), Honours, 
which are thus sometimes thrown away upon dirt and 
infamy; which such a rascal.. had the assurance both to 
accept and to refuse. 


DIRT. 


5. a. dial. ‘ Dirty’ weather. 

1836 Marrvar 7hree Cutt. iii, Shall we have dirt? 1876 
Whitby Gloss., Dirt, a weather term for rain or snow. 
‘We're likely to have some dirt.’ 

b. A/éning. Inflammable gas which constitutes 
*foulness’ ina mine; = FIRE-DAMP. 

1831 Examiner 765/1 We examined if there was any dirt 
(inflammable air). 1851 Greenwett Coal-frade Terms 
Northumb, & Durh. 23. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Dirt .. 
is also used to express foul-air or firedamp in a pit. 

6. Phrases. ta. Zo fall to dirt: to fall to the 
ground, to come to nothing; so /o be all tn the 
dirt, to lay all in the dirt, and the like. Oés. 

1546 St. Papers Hen. V//1, XI. 181 To the which we 
will in no wise agree, but wil rather laye all in the durt. 
1657 North's Plutarch, Add. Lives (1676)* 28 Here 
Saladin was handsomely beat to dirt. 1658 BRAMHALL 
Consecr. Bps. vi. 148 Mr. Mason squeesed the poore Fable 
to durt, 1667 Perys Diary 19 Feb., Our discourse of peace 
is all in the dirt. 1670 Marve. Corr, cxli. Wks. 1872-5 
II. 315 We heard them ‘pro forma’, but all falls to dirt. 

b. 70 cast, throw, or fling dirt: to asperse any 
one with scurrilous or abusive language. 

1642 Sir E. Derine Sf. on Relig. 1 Cast what dirt thou 
wilt, none will sticke on me. c¢1645 HowetL Lett. (1650) 
II. 62 Any sterquilinious raskall is licenc’d to throw dirt in 
the faces of soveraign princes in open printed language. 
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. vii. 19 The best of men.. are 
more carefull to wash their own faces, then busie to throw 
durt on others. 1678 B. R. Letter Pop. Friends 7 "Vis 
a blessed Line in Matchiavel—If durt enough be thrown, 
some will stick. 1706 FE. Warp Hud. Rediv. 1. u. 11 Fling 
dirt enough, and some will stick. 1738 Pore Zl. Sat. u. 
145 ‘lo me they meant no hurt, But ’twas my Guest at 
whom they threw the dirt. 

c. Yo eat dirt: to submit to degrading treat- 
ment. Proverb. ‘ Every man must eat a peck of 
dirt before he dies’: see PECK. 

1859 Farrar ¥. Home ix, Lord Fitzurse .. made up for 
the dirt which they had been eating by the splendour of his 
entertainment, 1890 Sat. Nev. 18 Oct. 462/2 In times of 
revolution a good many pecks of dirt have to be eaten. 

d. 70 cut dirt: to take one’s departure, be off, 
U.S. slang. 

1829 Negro Song (Farmer s.v. Cz), He cut dirt and run. 
1843-5 Havisurton Sam Slick in Eng. (Bartlett), The way 
the cow cut dirt. 1853 IV estern Scenes (Farmer), Now you 
cut dirt, and don’t let me see you here again. 

7. attrib. and Comb. a. attrib., ‘of or for dirt’, 
as dirt-band, -box, -car, -cart, -cone, ~floor, -heap, 
-pellet, -spot, -streak, etc. 

1860 ‘Tynpatt Glac. 1. xi. 68, I could see .. the looped 
*“dirt-bands of the glacier. 1889 G. F. Wricur /ce Age 
N. Amer. 19 Neither moulins nor regular dirt-bands are 
present. 1884 //ealth Lxhib. Catal. 55/2 Man-hole Cover 
for sewers, with elm blocks and fixed *Dirt Boxes. 1870 
Emerson Soc. §& Solit. vi. 120 The railroad *dirt-cars are 
good excavators. 1860 BartLert Dict, Amer. 122 The 
*¢dirt-cart ', or cart which removes street sweepings, would, 
in London, be called a ‘dust-cart’, 1860 TynpaLi Glac. 1. 
ii. 18 Here are also *‘dirt-cones’ of the largest size. 1858 
P. Cartwricut Autobiog. xxx. 471 We walked on *dirt 
floors for carpets, sat on benches for chairs. 1862 Bunyan 
Holy War Advt. to Rdr., John such “*dirt-heap never 
was, 1709 Swirt 7. Zub Apol., Do they think such 
a building is to be battered with *dirt-pellets? 1856 Kane 
Arct, Expl. I. xi, 113 Coming nearer, you see that the 
*dirt-spots are perforations of the snow. 1864 LoweLL 
Fireside Trav. 47 Cleanness, incapable of moral dirt spot. 
1860 ‘T'yNDALL Géac, u. viii. 267 ‘The only trace of the mo- 
raines is a broad *dirt-streak. 

b. instrumental, as  dért-besmeared, -born, 
-grimed, -incrusted, -rotten, -smirched, -soaked adjs. 

1606 SHaks. 7%. § Cr. y.i. 23 Dirt-rotten livers, wheezing 
lungs. 1754 J. SHeBBearE Matrimony (1766) 1. 70 It is the 
Devil to have to do with such dirt-born Fellows. 1838 
Dickens O. 77st 1. Dirt-besmeared walls. 1886 J. K. 
Jerome Jadle Thoughts (1889) 74 Little dirt-grimed brats, 
trying to play in the noisy courts. 

ce. objective, as DIRT-EATER, -EATING, -/linging, 
-loving, -thrower. 

1819 Metropolis II. 133 The very last of dirt-throwers 
thereof [of the Canongate]. 1824 Westm. Rev. IL. 467 This 
is done by assumption and dirt-flinging. /d/d., Le Clerc 
divides the. . Dirt-flinging argument into sixteen species. 

d. Special combs.: dirt-board (see quot.) ; 
dirt-fast a., stuck fast in the dirt; dirt-fear, -ed 
a., dirt-gabard (see quots.) ; dirt-roller, a roller 
in a cotton-spinning machine for removing dirt ; 
dirt-scraper, a road-scraper ; also a grading-shovel 
used in grading or levelling up ground ; dirt-weed 
(see quots.). Also Dirt-BED, -CHEAP, etc. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Dirt-board [in carriage], a 
Pee | for warding off earth from the axle-arm, A cutto- 
plate. 1508 Krennepie Flyting w. Dunbar 33 *Dirtfast 
dearch. 1767 Meston Poems 131 (Jam.) He trembl’d, and, 
which was a token Of a *dirt-fear, look'd dun as docken. 
1722 W. Hamitton Wallace x. 250 (Jam.) The Bishop of 
St. Andrews..Who would not Wallace’ coming there abide, 
Was so *dirt-fear’d, even for all Scotland wide. 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., *Dirt-gabard, a large _ballast-lighter. 
a1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, *Dirt-weed, Chenopodium 
viride, an expressive name for what generally grows on 
dunghills or other heaps of dirt. x Mutter Plant-n. 
38/2 Dirt-weed, or Dirty Dick, Chenopodium album. 

irt, v. Also 6-7 durt. [f. Dirr si. See 
also the earlier strong vb. DrivE.] ¢vans. To 
make dirty or foul; to defile or pollute with dirt ; 
to dirty, to soil. 

1587 Foxe A. § M.(1596) 1581 Riding in his long gowne 
downe to the horse heels .. dirted yp to the horse bellie. 
1611 Barry Ram-A ley 1. ii, How light he treads For dirting 

50* -2 


DIRT-BED. 


n 1660 Futter Mixt Contempl. (1663) 89 
For fear to dirt the soles of their shoes. 1727 7. Var. 
Subjects in Swift's Wks. 1755 11. 1. 226 Ill company is a 


his silk stockings ! 


a , who dirts those most whom he loves best. 
et 1888) II. 149 Don’t thumb and dirt the books. 
1 HB 


EwMAN Le?f, (1891) I. 386 Sitting down on the 
ashes.. which are so dry as not to dirt, 

Hence Di'rting vd/. sd. 

1sgt Percivatt Sf. Dict., Enlodadura, durting, fouling 
with durt, /utamentum, 

‘bed, Geol. A stratum consisting of an- 
cient vegetable mould; sfec. A bed of dark bitu- 
minous earth containing the stumps of trees, 
occurring in the lower Purbeck series of the Isle 
of Portland, and overlying the Portland oolite. 

T. Wesster in Geol. Trans. (1829) Il. 42 A bed 
about one foot thick, consisting of a dark-brown substance, 
and containing much earthy lignite; this bed is very re- 
markable and extends all through the north end of the Isle 
of Portland .. It is called by the quarrymen the Dirtbed. 
1836 Bucktanp Geol. xviii. § 3. (1858) 457 A single stump 
rooted in the dirt-bed in the isle of Portland. 1851 Ricuarp- 
son Geol. (1855) 397 A mass of bituminous earth, called the 
‘dirt-bed’, which ts an ancient vegetable soil, containing 
numerous trunks of fossil trees, standing erect at a height 
of from one to three feet, with their summits jagged. 

Dirt-bird. A local name of the skua, Ster- 
corarius crepidatus, called also Dirty Allan; 
also of the green woodpecker, Gecinus viridts. 

1847-78 Hatuw., Dirt-dird, the woodpecker. North. 
1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 100 Green Wood- 
pe er.. The constant iteration of its cry before rain (which 
brings out the insects on which it feeds) gives it the-names 
Rain bird .. Dirt bird, Storm cock. /éfd. 210 Richardson's 
Skua (Stercorarius crepidatus) .. from the vulgar opinion 
that the gulls are weuting, when, in reality, they are only 
disgorging fish newly caught. Dirt bird (Dundrum Bay) 
.. Dirty allan or aulin.. Dung bird. 1886 W. Brock Leg. 
& Superst. Durham 136 Several species of small birds are 
confounded under the .. title of ‘dirt birds’, because they 
sing on the approach of rain, : 


heap daut)t{7p), a. (adv.) [See CHEAP 


396 


| kick a man for nothing. 1796 T. Jerrerson in Sparks 


a.6.] As cheap as dirt ; exceedingly cheap. Hence | 


Dirt-chea'pness. 

1821 Blackw. Mag. VIII. 616 Dirt-cheap, indeed, it was, 
as well it might. i 
.. and dirt-cheap. 1883 Pad/ Mall G. 26 Oct. 5/1 It appears 
likely that November will bring an alteration in that dirt- 
cheapness of money of which brokers and bankers now 
complain. 1886 H. F. Lester Under two Fig Trees 102 
I'll do it cheap, that I will, ..dirt cheap. 1891 T. Harpy 
Yess i, 1 was no more than the commonest, dirt-cheapest 
feller in the parish. 

‘i uber. 

+1. One who daubs or plasters with dirt or mud ; 
a maker of cob-walls:; also, a term of abuse. Ods. 

1515 Cock Lorell's B. (Percy Soc.) 5 Here is .. patrycke 
peuysshe a conynge dyrte dauber, Worshypfull wardayn 
of slouens In. 1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1596) 532/1 A man 
would thinke him some dirtdauberssonne. 1630 J. TayLor 
(Water P.) Facke-a-Lent Wks. 1. 115/2 Vntyling houses .. 
to .. the profit of Plaisterers, and Dirtdawbers, the gape of 
Glasiers, Joyners, Carpenters, T'ylers and Bricklayers. 1647 
Trare Comm. Epistles 472 These are the devils dirt- 
dawbers, that teach such doctrine. 

2. A species of sand-wasp; =DAUBER 4. 

1844 Gosse in Zoologist 11. 582 These were the nests of 
dirt-daubers. 

Di-rt-eater. One who eats dirt : sce next. 

1802 Beppores Hygéia vu. 70 The dirt-eaters of the 
West-Indies. 7 

Dirt-eating (d5ut)ftin), v4/. sd. 

1. The eating of some kinds of earth or clay as 
food, practised by some savage tribes, as the Otto- 
maks of South America and some Arctic tribes. 

2. A disorder of the nutritive functions character- 
ized by a morbid craving to eat earth or dirt. 

1817 Edin. Rev. XXVIII. 359 The accounts .. of the 
Stomach-evil, sometimes called Dirt-eating. 1828 Life 
Plan‘er Famaica (ed. 2) 97 For some time t she had 
been addicted to dirt-eating (eating earth). .a disease, which 
.. terminates in dropsy anddeath. 1834 HV’. /nd. Sk. Book 
II. 49 The singular propensity to dirt-eating, a disease which 
has acquired rom the French the name of mad d’estomac. 

+ Dirten, 2. Obs. exc. dial. 
dritten, pa: pple. of Drire v.; in later use f. Dirt 
5b. +-EN4: cf. earthen. 

1. Dirtied, defiled with excrement or filth. 

1 Kennevie Fiyting w. Dunbar 25 Dirtin Dumbar, 
quhome on blawes teow thy boist? 1508 Dunsar Flytin, 
w. Kennedie 248 Rottin crok, dirtin dok, cry cok, or I sal 

uell the, 1536 Bectenpen Cron. Scot, xvi. xix. (Jam.) 
Thairfor ie pereey wes callit the dirtin rai 

2. dial. Made of dirt. 

pire Hatuwe t, Dirten, made of dirt. West. 

m Allan: see Dirty ALLAN. 
ily (dSatili), adv. [f. Dery a, +-Ly 2.] 

1. In a dirty manner; foully, filthily. 

1598 Foro, Sporcamente, filthily, foully..durtily. @ 1613 
Oversury A ife (1638) He Nokes like hie Land, as 
heavily and durtily. 1777 W. DacrympLe Trav. Sp. § Port. 
xiii, We put up at a Fonda .. where we are dirtily lodged. 
1789 Mrs. Prozzt Yourn. France 1, 10 The hounds were 

ways dirtily and ill kept. 

2. Ina manner that stains morality or honour ; 
dishonourably, Sombcolsy sordidly, 

a 1631 Donne a xii. ( 2 Such fold as that, where- 
withal Almighty chymics .. Are dirtil Boe desperately 

I'd. 166r R. L’Estrance /nterest Mistaken 133 How 
irtily .. the Presbyterian crew treated his Majesty. 1709 
Mrs. Centiivre Gamester v, "Tis dirtily done of you .. to 


Dickens Dav. Copp. xxii, Five bob | 


In early use, for | 


Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) 1V. 484 An i , dirtily em- 
in sifting the conversations 
(dd-atinés). 
1. The quality or state of 
aioe. os mn 
1561 Stow Exg. Chron. Romans, an, 386 (R. is, whi 
Tetons of the i a nd diet 


of the place wherein it standeth. 1617 MARKHAM ‘Caval. v. 
17 There will come much filth and durtinesse from the 
horse. 1 Avam Smrru W, N. 1. x. (1869) 1. 105 The 


wages of labour vary with..the cleanliness or dirtiness.. of 
the employment. ye ge Times fe May 74/2 To throw 
up a contract ..on the .. ground of the adirtiness of the 


house. 

2. Uncleanness of language ; sordidness of action. 

1649 Futter Yust Man's Fun. 22 Let not the dimness of 
our eyes be esteemed the durtiness of his actions. a 1677 
Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 137 Degenerate wantonness 
and dirtiness of speech. 1742 i. Wacrore Lett. H,. Mann 
(2839) I. 106 You know I am above such dirtiness. 1856 
F. E. Pacet Owlet Owdst. 74 The darkness and the dirti- 
ness of the money-loving mind. 

Dirtless (d-utlés), a. (adv.). [f. Diet sd. + 
-Less.] Void of dirt. 

a1618 Sytvester Mayden's Blush 577 The Wayes so 
dust-lesse, and so dirtlesse faire. a 1745 Swirt (F. Hall). 
1892 Pall Mall G. 21 Mar. 3/1 With a smile at the almost 
dirtless room. 

Dirt-pie. Mud or wet earth formed by children 
into a shape like a pie; a mud-pie. 

a 1641 SuckttnG (J.), That which has newly left off making 
of dirt-pies, and is but preparing itself for a green-sickness. 


m™ 
i Dirty a. + -NESS.] 
ng dirty ; foulness, 


1695 Concreve Love for L. iv. xiii, And for the young | 


Woman ..I thought it more fitting for her to learn her 
Sampler, and make Dirt-Pies, than to look after a Husband. 
217% Nortn Exam. im. vi. § 64 (1740) 470 ‘Their Towns 
..gave Way like Dirt Pyes before his Army. 1 Burke 
Policy of Allies Wks. VII. 159 Busy in the confection of 
the dirt-pyes of their imaginary constitutions. 1854 THack- 
ERAY J. Leech's Pict. (1869) 333 Poor little ragged Polly 
making dirt-pies in the gutter. 
(da uti), a. Also 6-7 durtie, durty. 
[f. Dirt sb. +-y¥!.] 
1. Characterized by the presence of dirt; soiled 
with dirt ; foul, unclean, sullied. 
15.. Chester Pl. (E. E. T.S.) 143 D 
arses, all by deene. 
bouenx. 


| adirty one. 1 


e downe the dyrty | 
1530 Patscr. 310/1 Dyrty with myers, | 
1576 Fireminc Panofl. Epist. 405You..instormy | 


weather, and durtie wayes .. come tripping to mee in your | 


silcken sleppers. 1590 Suaxs. A/ids. N. u. i. 75 Heere the 
maiden sleeping sound, On the danke and durty ground. 
1630 A. Fohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 133 A beastly Towne 
and durtie streets. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. u. 64 How ‘tis 
Dirty with the feet of some that are not desirous that 
Pilgrims here should quench their Thirst. 1709 STEELE 
ZVatler No. 35 ? 1 Vaking Snuff, and looking dirty about 
the Mouth by Way of Ornament. 1838 Dickens Nich. 
Nick. iii, Her apartment was larger and something dirtier. 
1840 — Odd C. Shop iii, His hands..were very dirty. 

b. Of the nature of dirt; mixed with dirt. 

a 1533 Frith Wks. 136 (R.) To decline from the dignitie 
of diuinitie into the dirtie dregges of vayne ee 
1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. vi. 41 All his armour sprinckled was 
with blood, And soyld with durtie gore. 1621 Burton 
Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. x. (1651) 106 Taking up some of the 
durty slime. 1842 Aspy I ater Cure (a4 80 Covered 
with a dirty purulent mass. 1894 Labour Commission 
Gloss. s.v. Coal, Dirty coal, pure coal mixed with stones, 
shale and other refuse. 

ce. That makes dirty; that soils or befouls. 

1774 Gotvsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VILL. 138 ae 4 partake 
of the same dirty drudgery with the rest. 1893 J. ULSFORD 
Loyalty to Christ 11. 381 Whoever does hard work, or 
dirty work, as to the Lord, under the disguise of his soiled 
hands and garments, is putting on nobility. 

da. Dirty half-hundred: yo to the 50th foot 
(1st Battalion Royal West Kent), from the fact 
that, during the Peninsular war, the men wiped 
their faces with their black faci Dirty shirts : 
the 1o1st foot (1st Battalion Munster Fusiliers), 
from the fact that they fought in their shirt-sleeves 


at Delhi in 1857. 
ye’ like nothing I 
except the facings of the ‘ Dirty half-hundred’. 1887 Daily 
News 11 July (ibid, As the old Ben; 
ment... they had won their honoura’ 
dirty shirts. /bid. 20 July 3/1 One who fought with 
the old ‘ Dirty Shirts’ in the Sutlej campaign, 
2. Morally unclean or impure = f paca 
1599 Sanpys Z Spec. (1632) 20 No such blasphemin; 
aeriekek ‘Sheph. 


nor ie as before. B. Jonson Sad 
u. i, Foul limmer, dritty lown! 1768 Sterne Sent. Yourn. 
(1778) LL, 111 (Case Conse.) Then I 1 let him see 1 know 


he is a dirty fellow. Brair Rhet. (1812) 1. xv. 350 
Disagreeable, mean, vulgar, or dirty ideas. 1850 E. Firz- 
Geran Lett. (1889) I. 206, 1 took it up by mistake for one 
of Swift's dirty volumes. 

b. That stains the honour of the persons en- 
gaged; dishonourably sordid, base, mean, or cor- 
rupt; despicable, 

1670 Corton Esfernon i, v. 219 Branded with the durtiest 
and most hateful of all Crimes. boy = Pager: Papers (Cam- 
den) 253 To me he called it a dirty trick. @1764 PuLtENEY 
in Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. (1790) 1. 26 Some Ministers 
.. cannot do their Cg me withoutthem. 1859 KincsLry 
Misc. (1860) 1. 39, 1 have done a base and dirty deed, and 


have been punished for it. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I. 
Ivii. 399 ‘These two classes do the..dirty work of politics. 


ce. E ee means. 
1742 Youne Nt. Th. 1v. 353 praise. .Earn dirty bread 
by washing AEthiops fair? 1784 Cowrer 7 ask ut. 808 Fish 


| did not you keep me these in prison till I bid ~_ i 


DIRTYISH. 


his distp ond depenions bread From pools and : 
Sie canon ith, hon Novel Cree XIV. Sp ite 2 
agg ape penny of dirty money, ning 
. An epithet of disgust or aversion: repulsive, 
— oars , despicable. Whenua se 
161r Suaxs. Cymd. ui. vi. 55 Those 
Gods. 1618 Br. Haut Serm. v. 111 To scorn He deg 
- aig Site WE See aoe to ecpire unto haere aa 
1712 Avpison Sfect. No. 451 P 4 dirty Scribbler is 
countenanced by great Names. 1730 Gay in Swift's Lett. 
(1766) II. 121, 1 am determined to write to 
those dirty fellows of the post-office do my letters. 
1819 Byron. ¥uan 1. cli, "T'was for his dirty fee, And not 


from or love to you. 

4. the weather: Foul, muddy; at sea, wet 
and squally, bad. 

1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dudit, u. 168 (L.) When this 
snow is dissolved, a great deal of dirty weather will follow. 
1748 P. Tuomas ¥rni. Anson's Voy. 102 As soon as we 
came out to Sea, we had the same squally dirty Weather 
as before we came in. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xix, It 
begins to look very dirty to windward. STOCQUELER 
Handbk, Brit. India (1854) 404 Distinguished the 


lar term of dirty spring, or mud season. . E. 
orris Misadventure viii, He became aware dirty 


weather was setting in. 

_Sig. 1883 Stevenson Treas. /s/. 1. xxi, If they can..fire 
- — us through our own ports, things wane begin to 
look dirty. 

5. Of colour: Tinged with what destroys = 
or clearness; inclining to black, brown, or dar 
grey. 

1665 Hooke Microgr.74 The fouler the tincture be, the 
more dirty will the Red appear. a 1704 Locke (J.', Pound 
an almond, and the cl¥ar white colour will be altered into 
J. F. Coover Pioneer xviii, The clouds 
were dense and dirty. : rie 

b. Prefixed, as a qualification, to adjectives of 
colour. (Usually hyphened with the adj. when the 
latter is used attributively.) h 

1694 Scorin Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 99 Both of 
them are of a dirty white, but the Eggs have black specks. 
1796 Wirneninc Brit. Plants 1V. 235 Pileus dusky greyish 
hue with a cast of dirty olive. 1836 Macoiuiivray tr. Hn 
boldt's Trav. xxii. 309 The colour of the troubled waters 
upon it was of a dirty Bray. c 1865 Letuesy in Cire. Se. 
1. 97/2 The spermaceti solidifies as a dirty-brown crystalline 


mass. 

6. Comb. a. parasynthetic, as dirty-coloured, 
faced, -handed, -minded, -shirted, -shoed, -souled. 
So dirty-face, a dirty-faced i 

1658 Coxaine 7rappolin v. iii, man dirty-face, why 


out? 1663 Kitticrew Parson's Wed. in 


(1780) XI. 392 She looks like a dirty-soul’d bawd. 1705 
Lond. Gas. No. 4132/4 Wears a light dirty-coloured Coat. 
1823 in Cobbett Aur. Rides (1885) 1. 34 The house too neat 


for a dirty-shoed carter to be allowed to come into. 1887 
Pall Mail G. 20 Aug. 7/1 It is not the weak but the dirty- 
minded Christians who see evil in ballet dancing. 

b. Special comb.: Dirty Dick, Dirty John, 


popular names of species of Chenopodium; dirty- 
filling (see quot.): see also Dirty ALLAN, 

1878 Britten & Hoitann Plant-n., Dirty Dick, Cheno- 
— album. Chesh, From its growth on dunghills.— 

Jirty John, Chenopodium Vulvaria. W. Chesh. 
Latour Commission Gloss., Dirty Filling, loading 
hutches or tubs with an excess of dirt in proportion to the 
quantity of coal. 

Dirty, v. [f. prec. 

1. trans. To make Shey or unclean; to defile or 
pollute with dirt; to soil. ard oan 

1s91 Greene Disc. Coosnage (1592) 22 T 
soe and shoos vpon purpose. Aves Marvett eh. Po vransp. 
1. 212 The passage .. being so et ip with the Noncon- 
formists thumbs. 1762 Deraick Let?, (1767) 11. 6x It would 
be dirtying paper to send you any such productions. 
Darwin Voy. Nat. i. (1879) 5 The dust falls in such 


ties as to dirt we pr on board. 
Jig. a 166% Futter Worthies, London (R.\, He rather 
cused his fingers, then dirtied his in the matter of 
the Holy Maid of Kent. 1835 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) 
1. 395 I as such ph are in th Ives, they have 
been dirtied. 1846 Lanpor /mag. Conv, IL. 200 Mostly 
they dirty those they fawn on. 

2. intr. To become dirty or soiled. 

1864 Mrs. Cartyie Left, III, 231 Dark blue morocco .. 
which won't dirty in a hurry. 

Hence Dirtying vé/. sb. 

1674 N. Fairvax Bulk § Selv. 23 A foolish blasphemy or 
dirtying of God. 

Allan. Also 9 dirten-, -allen, -aulin. 

A species of skua, Stercorarius crepidatus, which 
obtains its food chiefly by pursuing gulls and other 
sea-birds, and forcing them to disgorge their prey, 
which it then catches up; = D1kt-BIRD, 

1771 Punnant Tour Scotl. in x 8 (Jam. s.v. Andin), 
An ic Gull flew near the boat. 


tes and ues the 
Enongh an whee catches he 
the water: the boatmen, on that 
” 


dirty. a 
82g Hone Every-day Bh, 1.1189 Her hair wasof a dirtyish a 


a 


DIRUNCINATE. 


flaxen hue, 1840 Zait’s Mag. VII. 127 Dirtyish yellow 
loves. 1877 Besant & Rice Son of Vule. Prol. 17 Forty 
Sirtyish five-pound notes. 
Dirump, obs. var. of Disrump v. 
+ Dirwncinate, v. Obs. rare—°. [app. f. L. 
di-, dis- apart + Runcina goddess of weeding.] 
1623 CockeraM, Diruncinate, to weed. 
+ Birwyt, ppl.a. Obs. rare. [ad. L, dirupt-us, 
pa. pple. f. dirumpéere to burst or break asunder. 
See also Disrurt.] Rent asunder, burst open. 
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 2:'The walles..by rage of 
the sea. .be so dirupte, lacerate, and broken. 
“pt, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dirupt-, ppl. 
stem of dirumpére.| trans. To break asunder. 
1548 Hat Chron., Edw, JV (1800) 341 Atropos..dirupted 
. and brake the threde of his naturall life the 9th daie of Aprill. 


+Diruption. Obs. rare. [ad. L. diruption- 
em, n, of action f. dirumpére: see prec.] Breaking 
or rending asunder ; disruption. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Diruption, a bursting, or breaking 
asunder. 1680 H. More Afocal. Afoc. 233 As if that 
Division had been a diruption caused by that Bacthauake: 

+Dirutor. Ods. rare—°. [f. L. dirucre.] 

1656 Biount G/., Dirutor, he that destroys or puls down. 

Dirvesh, var. of Drrvisu. 

Dirworthe, var. of DEARWoRTH a. Oés. 

Diryge, obs. form of Dirce. 

Dis- (ME. also dys-) prefix, of L. origin. [L. 
dis- was related to dis, orig. *dvts = Gr. dis twice, 
from duo, dvo0 two, the primary meaning being 
“two-ways, in twain’.] In L., d/s- was retained 
in full before c, A, g, s, 4, sometimes before g, 4, 7, 
and usually before the vowels, where, however, it 
sometimes became d@r- (as in azribére = dis +habére, 
dirimére = dis + emére); before f, it was assimilated, 
as dif: (as in dif-ferre, dif-frisus) ; before the other 
consonants, it was reduced to di- (Dt-1). In late 
L. the full ds- was often restored instead of di- 
(ef. Eng. dismiss, disrupt); and the prefix itself 
became of more frequent use by being substituted 
in many words for L. dé-: see Dr- pref. 1.6. The 
regular Romanic form of dis- (dif-) was des- (def-) 
as in Olt., Sp., Pg., Pr., OFr. In F. s (f) before 
a consonant became mute, and was finally dropped 
in writing, giving mod.F. dé-. In OF. words of 
learned origin adopted from L., the L. dis- was 
usually retained ; and under the influefice of these, 
dis- was often substituted for, or used alongside of, 
des- in the inherited words, e.g. descorder, discorder. 
The early OF. words in English exhibit the prefix 
in these forms; des- prevailing in the popular 
words, dis- (dys-) in those of learned origin. But 
before the close of the ME. period, the latinized 
form dis- (dys-) was uniformly substituted, and 
des- became entirely obsolete, or was retained only 
in a few words in which its nature was not distinctly 
recognized, as Descant. All words taken from 
L. in the modern period have d7s-. 

Hence, in English, ds- appears (1) as the English 
and French representative of L. dis- in words 
adopted from L. ; (2) as the English representative 
of OF. des- (mod.F. dé-, dés-), the inherited form 
of L, dis-5 (3) as the representative of late L. dzs-, 
Romanic des-, substituted for L. dé-; (4) as a living 
suffix, arising from the analysis of these, and ex- 
tended to other words without respect totheir origin. 

In Latin, compounds in dés- were frequently the 
opposites of those in com-, con-; e.g. concolor of 
the same colour, dscolor of different colours ; con- 
cordia concord, discordia discord ; conjunctio join- 
ing together, désjunctio separation; compendium 
profit, dispendium loss; consentire to agree in 
feeling, dissentire to disagree in opinion, etc. In 
cl.L. dés- was rarely prefixed to another prefix, 
though discondiicére to be unprofitable, is used by 
Plautus, and disconvenire to disagree, by Horace ; 
but in late L. and Romanic, compounds in dscon-, 
expressing the separation of elements of which 
com-, con- expressed the junction, became very 
numerous; many words of this type have come 
down through Fr, into English, where others have 
been formed after them: cf. déscoherent, discomfit, 
discomfort, discommend, discompose, discompound, 
disconnect, disconsolate, discontent, discontinue. 

In some words beginning with dés-, the prefix is d/-, the 
s being the initial of the radical (e.g. di-sperse, di-stinguish). 
But by identity of phonetic change, ds- here also became 


des- (sometimes reduced to de-) in OF., whence also des- in 
ME. as desferse, destincte; at the Renascence these were 


rectified to dis-. 5 
The following are the chief senses of dzs- in Latin 
and English : 


I. As an etymological element. In the senses: 
x. ‘In twain, in different directions, apart, asunder,’ hence 
‘abroad, away’; as discernére to discern, discutére discuss, 
dilapidére dilapidate, dimittére dismiss, dirumpére disrupt, 
dissentire di distendére distend, dividére divide. 
2, ‘ Between, so as to separate or distinguish’; as dijid?- 
care to dijudicate, di/igére choose with a preference, love. 


| 


397 


3. ‘Separately, singly, one by one’; 
dinumerate, disputare dispute. | : 

4. With privative sense, implying removal, aversion, nega- 
tion, reversal of action (cf. Dr- I. 6), as discadced/us unshod, 
difibulare to unclasp, digengie disjoin, displicére dis- 
please, dissocidre dissociate, dissuddére, dissuade. 

5. With verbs having already a sense of division, solution, 
separation, or undoing, the addition of d7s- was naturally 
intensive, ‘away, out and out, utterly, exceedingly’, as in 
disperire to perish utterly, d/spudére to be utterly ashamed, 
distedére to be utterly wearied or disgusted ; hence it be- 
came an intensive in some other verbs, as di/auddare to praise 
exceedingly, discupére to desire vehemently, désswaviri to 
kiss ardently. In the same way, English has several verbs 
in which d/s- adds intensity to words having already a sense 
of undoing, as in disalter, disaltern, disannul, 

II. As a living prefix, with privative force. 

(Extended from 4, and like F. des-, dé-, used with verbs, 
substantives, and adjectives, without regard to their origin. 

1659 O. WALKER Oratory 31 Some Prepositions there are, 
which may be prefixed at pleasure, as, #7, dis, ve.) 

6. Forming compound verbs (with their deriva- 
tive sbs., adjs., etc.) having the sense of undoing 
or reversing the action or effect of the simple verb. 

Usually formed by the addition of d/s- to an existing 
verb; sometimes, however, formed from a sb. or adj. by 
prefixing dis- and adding a verbal suffix, -7ze, -ave, -/y, etc. 

Most of these formations, including all the more 
important and permanent, are treated in their 
alphabetical places as Main words, e.g. Disar- 
FIRM, DISESTABLISH, DisowN. Of others, chiefly 
nonce-words, examples are, d/sanagrammatize, dis- 
angularize, disasinate, disasinize (to deprive of 
asinine nature), désRyronize, discompound, dis- 
deify, disdenominationalize, disdub, disexcommuni- 
cate, dishellenize, dislegitimate, déspantheonize, 
dispapalize, dispericrantate, disrestore. 

1610 Donne Pseudo-Martyr § 54. 150 In the wordes of 
him .. who cals himself Clarus Bonarscius but is unmask’d 
and * Disanagrammatized by his fellow who calls him Carolus 
Scribanus, c1820 G.S. FAper Eight Dissert. (1845) 11.14 
The more flowing character, thus ultimately rounded off or 
*disangularized, is .. denominated Rabbinical Hebrew. 
1660 Howe. Parly of Beasts 28 Doth he [that asse] desire 
to be *disasinated and become man again? 1868 Lowe... 
Witchcraft Prose Wks. 1890 II. 361 Two witches who kept 
an inn made an ass of a young actor.. But one day making 
his escape .. he .. was *disasinized to the extent of recover- 
ing his original shape. 1878 Scrtbner’s Mag. XV. 45/2 
Europe was getting sadly *dis-Byronized, 1627-47 FELTHAM 
Resolves 1. xvi. 53 The Papists pourtray Him [God] as an 
old man and by this means *disdeifie Him. 1870 Q. Rez. 
Jan. 292 The existing system [of education] might be *dis- 
denominationalized to the utmost extent compatible with 
the maintenance of .. energy in the conduct of the schools. 
1566 Drant Horace Sat. v. D, I nowe can dubbe a protes- 
tant, and eke *disdubbe agayne. 1647 Power of Keys iv. 
105 [It] signifies receiving men into the Church, *disexcom- 
municating. 1852 Grote Greece uN. Ixxvi. X. 21 During 
most part of the Peloponnesian war, Cyprus became sensibly 
*dishellenised. 1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. 1V. 258 Legitimated 
in 1673..*dislegitimated again, x180xr Paris as it was II. 
xlviii. 137 Marat ..was.. pantheonized, that is, interred in 
the Pantheon. When .. reason began to resume her empire, 
he was *dispantheonized, 1616 M. A. De Dominis Motives 
78 A Spectacle..dangerous for Romanists to behold, lest it 
should presently *dispapalize them. 1803 Lams Let. fo 
Mr. Manning (1888) 1. 204 Liquor and company .. have 
quite *dispericraniated me, as one may say. 1874 MicKLeE- 
tawaitE Mod. Par. Churches 224 Old churches which have 
been restored must be *7s-restored. 

7. With substantives, forming verbs (with their 
ppl. adjs., etc.) in the senses: 

a. To strip of, free or rid of, to bereave or de- 
prive of the possession of (the thing expressed by 
the sb. element). Examples: déscharacter, dis- 
crested, disennui, diseye, disfoliaged, disgeneral, 
disgig, disheaven, dislaurel, dislipped, disnosed, di's- 
number, disperiwig, dispowder, disring, distrouser, 
diswench. See also DiscLouD, DIsEDGE, DisFrock, 
DisHorn, DIsPEoPLE, DIsQUANTITY, DIsworTH, etc. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 131/2 If he did well in so 
dispreesting and *discharactering Formosus for such privat 
offenses. 1887 Swinsurne Locrine m. ii. 66 Discrowned, 
disorbed, *discrested. 1829 Voung Lady's Bk. 363 Many 
persons..have..run all over the world, to *disennui them- 
selves. 1719 Lonnon & Wise Compl. Gard. 192 We search 
about the Foot of the Artichoak, and separate or slip off 
the Suckers or Off-stips..and that is called slipping or *dis- 
eying. 1885 Scfence Apr. V. 352 ‘The *disfoliaged forest. 
1890 S/ar 26 Nov. 2/7 If Parnell retires, Ireland is enfeebled, 
and “disgeneraled. 1837 Cartyir AZisc. Ess. (1872) V. 156 
Gigmanity “disgigged, one of the saddest predicaments of 
man! « Daily News 6 Dec. 3/1 The effort of ‘gig- 
manity ' to escape ‘disgigging’. 1877 Parmore Unknown 
Eros (1890) 16 Yet not for this do thou *disheavened be. 
1836 E. Howarp RX. Reefer vi, To the assistance of the al- 
most *dislipped master’s-mate. 1881 Durrietp Don Quix. 
III, xxvi. 189 Showing me here a *disnosed Melisendra. 1892 
Pall Mall G. 1 Sept, 2/3 Stating that the coming Congress 
of Orientalists is “disnumbered. 1865 Cartyte /redk. Gt. 
1x. vii, She was much heated and *dispowdered (dépoudrée'. 
1836 T. Hook G. Gurney I. iii. 106, 1 had forgotten to 
“dis-ring my finger. 1603 FLorioMontaigne u. xxxvii. (1893) 
508 Mine [attacks of stone] doe strangely *dis-wench me. 

b. To deprive of the character, rank, or title of; 
as dtsanimal, disarchbishop, disboy (-ment), dis- 
¢ ittee, disc ticle, diselder, disminion, dis- 
minister, disprince, disquixot, dis-Turk. See also 
DispisHop, DISBROTHER, DISCHURCH, DIsMAN, etc. 

1864 Times 10 Oct. 7/4 The boy has been so far *dis- 

led that his r ing powers have been roused into 


as dinumerare to 


DISABILITY. 


full vitality. 1875 Tennyson Q. Mary wv. ii, We had to 
*dis-archbishop and unlord And make you simple Cranmer 
once again. 1649 *Discommittee [see Disjustice]. 1683 
O.U. Parish Ch. no Conventicles 34 Their little Variations 
about Modes..will not be of validity to conventicle or *dis- 
conventicle Parochial Churches. 1655 FULLER CA, //ist. vit. 
xvi. § 12 Preferring rather .. to un-Pastor and *dis-Elder 
themselves, 1599 Cwarman //um. Dayes MI. Dram. Wks. 
1873 I. 73 Neuer was minion so *disminioned. 1743 H. 
Watcrore Lett, //. Mann (1833) 1. 280(D.) Can you think.. 
him (Lord Orford] so totally *disministered as to leave all 
thoughts of what he has been? 1847 TENNyson /’rincess V. 
29 For I was drenched with ooze, and torn with briers.. And 
all one rag, *disprinced from head to heel. 1832 J. P. Ken- 
NnEDY Szvadlow B. v, 'Vhe most *disquixotted cavalier that 
ever hung uphis shield. 1891 G. Merepitn One ofour Cong. 
Il. iii. 54 ‘Vo *dis-Turk themselves. 

ec. ‘To turn out, put out, expel, or dislodge from 
the place or receptacle implied (cf. Dr- II. 2b) ; 
as discastle, dischest, discoach, disroost. See also 
DisBar, DISBENCH, DisBosoM, DISCRADLF, ete. 

1876 G. Merepitu Beanch. Career I. ii. 24 The answer 
often unseated, and once *discastled, them. 1579 J. Jones 
Preserv. Bodie & Soule 1. xxiv. 45 Apt to out breathe, and 
to “dischest the moistures, humors and iuyces of the body. 
1629 SHIRLEY Grateful Servant 1.1, Madam, here is Prince 
Lodwick Newly *discoached. 1702 C, Matuer J/agn. 
Christi vu. App. (1852) 600 To disturb and “disroost these 
mischievous rooks. 

d. To undo or spoil : as DIscoMPLEXION. 

8. With adjectives, forming verbs in the sense of : 
To undo or reverse the quality expressed by the ad- 
jective; as DisaBix, d¢sabsolute, disgood, disnew. 

1640 Quarters Luchirid. ‘Vo Rdr., The variableness of 
those Men “disabsolutes all Rules, and limits all umples. 
1647 Warp Sip. Cobler 15 A dislocation, which so farre 

disgoods the Ordinance, I feare it altogether unhallows it. 

9. With a substantive, forming a new substantive 

expressing the opposite, or denoting the lack or 
absence, of (the thing in question), Such are: 
disaffectation,  disagslomeration, «discare,  dts- 
charity, disctrcumspection, disconcord, disgentus, 
dishealth, atsindivistbiity, distnvagination. Cf. 
also DISEASE, DISHONOUR, etc. 
1887 Pall Mall G.1 Aug. 12/1 A prince of plain speaking 
and “disaffectation. 1870 Contemp. Kev. XVI. 53 My re- 
marks upon decentralization and *disagglomeration. 1649 
J. H. Alotion to Parl, Adv. Learn. 16 A grosse neglect, 
and ugly *dis-care of the Publick. @ 1868 Ip. BroucHam in 
Hinsdale Garfield & Educ. (1882) 1. 203 ‘The parent of all 
evil..all *discharity, all self-seeking. 1671 J. Davies S7dydis 
1. vi. 12 We meet with many instances of *dis-circumspec- 
tion, weakness, and an excessive credulity. @ 1631 Donne 
Serm. John v. 22 (1634) 10 ‘Take the earth. .in this concord, 
or this *disconcord. 1657 ReEve God's Plea 20 If he look 
not the better to it, this Genius will be a *disgenius to him. 
1887 Scot. Congregationalist. Oct. 136 Though suffering 
from *dishealth, he was attentive to the sick. 1799 Spirit 
Pub. Frals. (1800) II. 39 This indivisibility of yours turns 
out downright *disindivisibility. 

10.-Prefixed to adjectives, with negative force ; 
as DISHONEST, @ésalzke, disanswerable, dispenal. 

1563-87 Foxe A. §& AZ, (1596) 328/1 They are not cleane 
contrary, but *disalike. 1600 Haxcuyr Moy. (1810) IIT. 13 
Nothing *disanswerable to expectation. 1604 Sufpflic. 
Masse Priests § 2'Vhrough the benefite of the *dispenall use 
or toleration of their Religion. 

q In Florio’s Italian-Engl. Dictionary (esp. in ed. 
1611), a large number of words in dzs- are coined 
to render It. words in a@s-, s-. Besides those else- 
where dealt with, the following occur : 

Disabound, disabondare ; disapostled, disapostolato; gis- 
bolden, sbaddanzire; discourtiered, discor/egianato; discrup- 
per, seroppare; diseclips, diseclissare; disfury, dis/uriare ; 
diszianted, disgigantito; disgreaten, disgrandire; dishar- 
nish, swagliare; dishumble, dishusiliare; disimplaster, 
disimpiastrare; disinpouerish, dispouerish, spouerire; dis- 
languish, d/slanguidire; disobstinate, d/sostinare; dispearle, 
disperlare; dispoeted, sfoetato; dispupill, spupiliare ; dis- 
purpose sd., disproposito; disruded, disuillanito; disuer- 
million, disuermigliare; disuigor, disuigorire; diswhiten, 
sbiancare; diswoman’d, sfeminato, 

Dis., abbreviation of Discount; talso of L. ds- 
putabilis proper for disputation (see quot.). 

1574 M. Stoxys in Peacock Stat. Cambridge (1841) App 
A. p. xiv, One of the Bedels must .. proclayme thorder of 
their standynge..upon the Dis Dayes.. Yf it be Dys, then 
..from one of the Clocke untyll fyve. 

Disability (disabiliti). [f Disapve a., after 
able, ability.) 

1. Want of ability (to discharge any office or 
function); inability, incapacity, impotence. b. 
An instance of this. (Now rare in gen. sense.) 

1580 Lupton Sivgila 139 His disabilitie to performe his 
promise. 1772-84 Cook Moy. (1790) V1. 2038 Their whole 
frame trembling and paralytic, attended with a disability of 
raising their heads. 1856 Lever A/artins of Cro'M. 205 A 
disability to contest the prizes of life even with such as Mr. 
Massingbred. 1870 ANDERSON AZissionsA mer. Bd. LV. xxxix. 
364 Crippled by the disability of its oldest native helper. 

b. 1645 Mitton Colaster. Wks. (1847) 223/1 Disabilities to 

erform what was covenanted. 1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat. 

I, u. xxi. (R.), Bringing on the inconveniences, disabilities, 
rage and mental disorders spoken df. 1824 Westm. Rev. 

I. 194 The author labours under many disabilities for 
making a g ok. 

e. Pecuniary inability or want of means. 

1624 Jas. 1 Sf, in A. Wilson Life (1653) 267 My disabilities 
are increased by the Charge of my oaned journey into 
Spain. 1648 Boyte Seraph. Love (1660) 23. 1701 J. Law 
Counc. Trade (1751) 72 It {V'axing] leavesa dissability equal, 
and in proportion to its weight. 1857 Ruskin Pod. Econ. 


DISABLE. 
Art 18 What would you say to the lord of an estate who 
complained to you of his poverty and disabilities ? 


2. Incapacity in the eye of the law, or created by 
the law; a restriction framed to prevent any person 
or class of persons from sharing in duties or privi- 
leges which would otherwise be open to them; 
legal disqualification. 

1641 Termes de la Ley 118, Disabilitie is when a man 
:. by any..cause is disabled or made incapable to doe, to 
inherit, or to take..advantage of a thing which otherwise 
he might have had or done. 1 BLacksTone Comme. 

1793) 554 The next legal disability is want of age. a 18 

ACKINTOSH France in 1815 Wks. 1846 ILI. 193 Of all the 
lessons of history, there is none more evident in itself..than 
that persecutions, disabilities, i sy i 
wrong to great ies of citizens,—are sooner or later 
punished. 1832 Hr. Martineau /reland 117 The law has 
at length emancipated us from our civil disabilities. 1849 
Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 11 His eagerness to remove the 
disabilities under which the professors of his religion lay. 

+ Disa‘ble, «. Ods. [Dis- 10.] Unable; in- 
capable ; impotent. 

14..Certain Balades, Lenuoy (R.), Consider that my con- 
ning is disable To write to you. 1598 Drayton //eroic. Ep., 
Rich. II to Isabel, As my disable and unworthy Hand 
Never had Power, belonging tocommand. 1615 MarkHAM 
Eng. Housew. Pref., This imperfect offer may come to you 
weak and disable. 1649 Jer. Tavtor Gt. Exemp. uu. Add. 
§ 12. 98 To forgive debts to disable persons, to pay debts 
for them. : 

Disable (disé'-b’l), v. Also 5 dysable, 6-7 
dishable. [f. Dis- 8+ ABLE a.] 

1. trans. To render unable or incapable ; to de- 
prive of ability, physical or mental, to incapacitate. 
Const. from, formerly 40, for, or with znf. 

1548 Gest ?’r. Masse 89 Lesse hys fyrst offering..be dis- 
habled to the ful contentation of syn. 1574 J. Der in Le¢¢. 
Lit. Men (Camden) 34 My father was dishabled for leaving 
unto me due mayntenance. a1602 W. Perxins Cases Consc. 
(1619) 328 Immoderate excesse, whereby we are vtterly dis- 
abled from these..duties. a1627 W. ScLater Romans /V” 
(1650) 127 We are wilfully disabled to performance. 1772-84 
Cook Vay. (1790) 1V. 1534 Incumbered by many garments... 
which must disable them to exert their strength in the day of 
battle. 1848 Hamppen Bamft. Lect. Introd. (ed.3) 20 Men... 
are disabled from understanding what they have been taught 
to condemn. 1885 Lp. Secsorne in Law Kefp. 28 Ch, Div. 
361 The Plaintiff. . by selling the property..disables himself 
from doing that which by his pleadings he offers to do. 

b. spec. To render (a man, animal, ship, etc.) 
incapable of action or use by physical injury or 
bodily infirmity ; to cripple. 

1491 Caxton Iitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 204 b/t, Lam 
all dysabled of my membres. 1583 StaNynurRST Aeneis 11. 
(Arb.) 63 Thee Gods thee cittye dishable. c¢ 1600 SHaks. 
Sonn, Ixvi, Strength by limping sway disabled. 1606 G. 
W[oovcockeE] tr. //ist. Justine 576 His continual sicknes .. 
was like to dishable the gouernment and sway of so high 
a place. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III]. 296 
My writeing hand hath been disabled by a sprain. 1745 
P. Tuomas Fraud. Anson's Voy. 283 A Wound in his Breast 
by a Musket-ball. .disabled him at present. ¢ 1790 WitLock 
Voy. 56 We were struck by a sea, which totally disabled us. 
1893 /V/eekly Notes 85/2 A member being permanently dis- 
abled by an accident. : : 

+e. To injure, impair, or render less able 7 some 
capacity; to deprive of the use of (some faculty, 
power, or possession’, Const. 77, of. Obs. 

1604 Jas. I Counterd. (Arb.) 110 How you are by this cus- 
tome disabled in your goods. 1622 Matynes Anc. Law- 
Merch. 435 All things that depriue or disable the debtor in 
any of these, do weaken and lessen his meanes. 1660 F. 
Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 292 He..disabled them of six- 
teem thousand good horses. 

2. spec. To incapacitate legally; to pronounce 
legally incapable ; to hinder or restrain (any person 
or class of persons) from performing acts or en- 
joying rights which would otherwise be open to 
them ; to disqualify. 

1485 in Paston Lett. No. 883. III. 316 Piers, Bisshop of 
Exeter .. with other dyvers his vobaltes and traytours dis- 
abled and atteynted by the.. High Court of Parleinent. 
1 in Vicary’s Anatomie (1888) App. iii. 156 Doctour 

entley & doctour Yakesley. .examyners Admytted to hable 

or disable suche as practise phisik & Surgery in London. 
1612 Davies Why Jreland, etc. (1747) 105 The Irish were 
disabled to bring any action at the Common Lawe. 
Star Chamb, Cases (Camden) 111 M* Tuke the elder was 
fyned 100! for this contempt, and to be imprisoned and dis- 
abled in their testimony for ever. 1637 Decree Star Chamb. 
§ 19 in Milton's Areop. (Arb.) 18 Vpon paine of being for euer 
disabled of the vse of a Presse or printing-house, 1678 
Lurrret Brief Re?. (1857) 1. 4 An act .. disabling = pra 
from sitting in either house of parliament. 1700 /d/d. LV. 673 
Papists, by the Act of Settlement, are disabled to inherit the 
crown. 1862 Lo. Broucuam Brit. Const. xvii. 274 Statutory 
provisions disabling the Judges from sitting in the House of 
Commons. ; ; 

3. To pronounce incapable; hence, to disparage, 
depreciate, detract from, belittle ; ref. to depreciate 
one’s own competence or fitness for an appointment 
or honour (chiefly as a conventional tribute to 


modesty). arch. or Obs, 

a 1§29 Skeiton Reflyc. 26 Our glorious lady to disable 
And heinously on her to bable. ¢ 1555 Harvsriztp Divorce 
Hen, V111 (1878) 92 That .. presume so far to disable. .dis- 
grace and infame this marriage. 1600 Shaxs. 4. Y. Z. 1. 
1. 34 Farewell Monsieur Traueller :. .disable all the benefits 
of your owne Countrie: be out of loue with your natiuitie. 
— Crt. & Times Yas. I (1849) U1. 142 He disabled him- 
self divers ways, but ially, that he thought himself un- 
a to sit in that 1709 Strayer Ann, Ref, 1. xxvi. 
294 


en Sir Edward Rogers .. had recommended him to 


398 


the house to be their speaker, and Williams [the er 
recommended) had disabled himself, Cecil. required him to 


take the place. 1763 [see Disa: ‘ 
t ts) aaeer os wadtbede 


1598 Haxtuyr Voy. I. 221 (R.) Neither meane I to 
. ble or confi es 
beene reported. 1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. 53 Some few 
of whose charges against Aristotle our Author indeavours to 
defeat and disable. 1693 A fol. Clergy Scot. 25 The Council 
may stop and disable the Laws. 

isable, sé. [f. prec. vb.] The act of dis- 
abling ; disablement. : 

1827 Sir J. Barrincton Pers. Sk. 1. 16 A disarm is con- 
sidered the same as a disable. 

Disabled (disé"b'ld), iti. a. [f. DISABLE v. + 
-ED!.] Rendered incapable of action or use, esp. 
by physical injury ; incapacitated : see the verb. 

1633 G. Hersert 7emple, Crosse iii, 1 am in all a weak 
disabled thing. 1695. Lond. Gaz. No. 3142/2 He saw off the 
Durces a disabled Ship. 1725 Pore Odyss. 111. 381 Shatter'd 
vessels, and disabled oars. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. 
ILI. 190 The families of intemperate or disabled men. 

Disablement (disz-b’lmént). [f. as prec. + 
-MENT.] 

1. The action of disabling ; the fact or condition 
of being disabled. 

_ Pu. Henry Diaries & Lett, (1882) 322, 1 heard of y* 
Death of Mr. Jo. Tho. .. after several yeares disablement. 
1716 Soutn Serm. V. iv. 182 (T.) This is only an inter- 
ruption of the acts, rather than any disablement of the [in- 
tellectual judging] faculty. 1806 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. 
IV. 230 This practice brings on diseases of the foot and 
ankles, and disablement for military service. 1853 Grote 
Greece u. Ixxxv. XI. 249 Encouraged by the evident dis- 
ablement of their enemies. 1884 Law Times 27 Sept. 356/1 
Compulsory assurance, .against sickness and disablement. 

2. The imposition of a legal disability. 

1485 Acti Hen. VII in Materials Hist. Hen. VII (Rolls) 
I. 120 Actes of attainder, forfeiture, and disablement. 1503-4 
Act 19 Hen. IIT, c. 35 § 2 The seid acte of Atteyndre .. or 
eny other thinges to the disabilment of the seid Gilbert and 
of his heirez. a 1626 Bacon Observ. Libel in 1592 (T.), The 
penalty .. was .. disablement to take any promotion, or to 
exercise any charge. 1680 Baxter Answ, Stilling f1. iv. 26 
By Imprisonment, Banishment, or Death, or such Disable- 
ment. 

+ Disa‘bleness. (és. [f. DisaBe a, + -NESS.] 

1. Inability, incapacity. 

1614 Markuam Cheap Husé. (1623) 65 A disablenesse to 
bow downe his necke. 1665 Wither Lord's Prayer 122 
A natural disableness to do any good. 

2. The state of being disabled or injured. 

1666 Perys Diary 4 July, Many of our ships coming in with 


very small disableness. 

Disabler (disé-bloi).  [f. DisaBLe v. + -ER!.] 
One who or that which disables. (By Puttenham 
used for the figure mezos?s in rhetoric, expressing 
disparagement : cf. DISABLE v. 3.) 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie ui. xvii. (Arb) 195 Such 
speach is by the figure Meiosis or the disabler spoken of 
hereafter in the place of sententious figures. /déd. 11. xix. 
22 We call him the Disabler or figure of Extenuation. 

sabling (diséblin), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. + 
-InG! ] The action of the verb D1saBLe, q.v. 

1 Acti1 Hen. VII, c. 30 Preamb., The said atteyndre 
and dishabling of the said Gervys. 1555 Apr. Parker /’s. 
Ixix. 188 They did it cast, to my disabelyng. 1658-9 Bur- 
fon's Diary (1828) 11]. 248, I was against utter disabting in 
the other case, because I would not have you meddle with 
after Parliaments. 


Disa‘bling, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG*.] That 


| disables: see the verb. 


1756 Monitor 1. xxxii. 293 Must that fire .. be smothered 
by disabling clauses in statutes? 1763 Harpwicke in Ld 
Campbell Chancellors (1857) VI. cxxxvii. 288, I made all 
the dutiful, grateful, Lut disabling speeches that became me. 
1832 Lewis Use & Ad. Pol. Terms xv. 142 The absence of 
a disabling law. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 1. ier 
The creaking of the door ..Which let upon you such dis- 
abling news. : 

+ Disabri-dge, v. Obs. rare. [D1s-6.] trans. 
To undo the abridgement of; to lengthen out. 

1592 Svi.vester Du Bartas, Tri. Faith ui. xi, Hee, whose 
life the Lord did dis-abbridge..The most religious matchless 


Ezechias. 

Disabusal (disabidzal). [f Disapuse v. + 
-AL; after-abusal.] The action of disabusing; = 
DISABUSE 5d. x 

Mrs. W Sights & Ins. 
sie kad eter gan Genbear 
should make all plain. 

+ Disabu'se, s/. Os. [f. Dis- 9 + ABUSE sd. 
under influence of DisaBusk v.]. The act of dis- 
abusing, or fact of being disabused. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. IV. xxxiii. 253 I am aggrieved that 
this Disabuse hath ha ed so late unto me. 1700 AsTry 
tr. Saavedra-Faxardo 1. 339 Disabuse is the Son of Truth. 

Disabuse (disabi#'z),v. [f. Dis-6 + Abuse v.] 

1. “rans. To free from abuse, error, or mistake 
(see ABUSE v, 4 b, sd. 2); to relieve from fallacy or 
deception ; to undeceive. 

1611 Cotcr., Desabuser, to disabuse, to rid from abuses. 

Watton Angler 6, I in time to disabuse you and 
make the cont evidently, 1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 
1, Introd. 7 To. ds heaton olede from those false I 
1732 Pore Ess. Man u. 14 (Man) still by himself abus'de or 
dieabus'd. 1856 Froupe /ist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 136 It re- 
ined for Cl VII to disab men of their alarms. 


IL. iii. 364 Whatever .. 


y taking a course that 


DISACCORDANT. 


1872 Minto Eng. Prose’ Lit, Introd. 24 To disabuse their 


‘minds of the idea that the one is wrong, the other right. 
2. As an intensive of abuse: To mar, spoil, 
misuse. Sc. 1825-80 in JAMIESON. * 
Hence Disabu'sed ///. a. ; 
da ge yy mage nag ay he sient a deliuered 
e 
ai. fan Wee gal aekeiperaey or reine 


+ rpt, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Accept v.] trans. To refuse acceptance to, not 
to accept; to decline. 

1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xlvii. (1739) 77 It had 
formechy made many Sik proffers of service to this Island, 

tit was . 

+Disacce'ptable,¢. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 10.] 
Not acceptable, unacceptable. - 

1687 SertLe Ref. Dryden 63 Yet I hope my instructions. . 
may not be wholly disscouptable: 

+ Disacce ce. Obs. [f. Disaccert v., 
after acceptance.] Refusal to accept, non-accept- 
ance. 

1642 O. Sencwicke Eng. Preserv. 36 Particular and ex- 
clusive actings .. serve onely to the disaccey of the 
workes. a@ 1652 J. Smirn Sed. Disc.vii. 351 God's 


| ordisacceptance of things is. . proportionable to his jud; 


1720 S. Sewat Diary 23 M2 Cas pe 258 Gave the Govr. 
500 only..He sent it back with a Note expressing his Dis- 


acceptance, 

Disaccommodate (disikgméde't), v. ? Obs. 
[f. Dis- 6 + AccomMmopaTE v.] ¢rans. To put to 
inconvenience, to incommode; the reverse of to 
ACCOMMODATE. 


1611 Cotcr., Desac der, to di d. 
J. Rous Diary (Camden) 96 It may not onl disaccommo- 


date, but occasion the hurte. .of many of his ies sub- 
jects. 1767 Warburton Lett. (1809) 394, 1 hope this will not 
disaccommodate you. 1826 SoutueEy in Q. Rev. XXXIV. 
330 The neck and the hands .. were disaccommodated with 
a haircloth tippet and haircloth gloves. 

Disaccommodation («isikg:médé-fan), ?0%s. 
[n. of action f. prec. : cf. AccomMODATION and Dis- 
9.] The action of disaccommodating or condition 
of being disaccommodated ; want of accommoda- 
tion ; unsuitableness ; disa ment. 

1619 Naunvon in Fortesc. Papers 95 he Venetians’ disac- 
commodations with the Pope. 1660 BLount Boscobel 37 John 
-. acquainted Mr. Whitgreave .. that His Maj was re- 
turn'd to Boscobel, and the disaccommodation there. 
1662 Perry 7a.res 23 Too great a confinement. .and withall 
a disaccommodation in the time of the work. 1677 Hate 
Prim. Orig. Man. 1. ix. 217 According to the accommoda- 
tion or disaccommodation of thems [the places] to such Cala- 
mities. /éid.1v. v. 332 The least disproportion or disaccom- 
a of one to the other would spoil the whole 

ork. 

+ Disacco‘mpany, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
ACCOMPANY v.] ‘rans. To cease to accompany or 
frequent; to deprive of one’s company. Hence 
+ Disacco*mpanied ///. a., deprived of company; 
unaccompanied ; unfrequented ; companionless. 

1598 Fiorito, Sconuersare, to disaccompanie, to vnfre- 


quent. Sewnuersatione, a panying, an q 
ing. 1618 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1621) 20 To come dis- 
acc ied was for neither [life nor honour). 1631 Ce/es- 


tina Xxt. 201 Tell me what hast thou done with my daughter? 
where hast thou bestow’d her? who shall accompany my 
disaccompanied habitation ? 

Disaccord (disikg-id), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Accord 
sb. after disaccord vb.: cf. ¥. désaccord.| The re- 
verse of accord or harmony; disagreement, vari- 
ance. 

So Lett, (1856) LU. 132 Upon the nd of his 
Poet bo their pa les xr Titics, ons Farrar 
Witn, Hist, ii, 62 It was in nt disaccord with the ideal 
of the Society in the bosom of which it rose. 1889 Sat. Rew. 
19 Oct. 436/2 There is nodisaccord between what he is at the 
outset and what he becomes. 7 

Disaccord (disakpid), v. [ME. disacorde-n, 
a, OF, desa(c)corder, f. des-, Dis- 4 + a(c)corder to 
AccorD, after desa(c)cord sb. (12th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.).] éutr. To be out of accord or harmony; 
to be at discord, to _ ; to refuse bane 

t. Love ui. (R.), T presence a 

bag he hing di : Sigg Bo tr. — Secret., 
Gov. Lordsh. 101 And if it disacorde to y! panne 
it ys to be to loke whether it be epee ott cortatle Tue 

3 Oya Dis pat qualytes er to be a 
bey feacord fro pelt mein. 1561 T. Norton Cadvin's /nst. 
1v. 111 From which also not muche disaccordeth the other 
place of the Apostle aboue alleged. Srenser /..Q. vi. 
iii. 7 A noble ..sought her to affy To a pis 

te A 


but she did disaccord, Ne could her liking to his 
1805 Monthly Mag. XX. 147 This disaccords with the pr 
date. 1874 Mivart Contemp. uel {o0e0) 210 An action. . 
which disaccords with the action of chance. . 
ce. rare. [f. DisaccorD v., 
after accordance: cf. OF. pee vena Dis- 
agreement ; = DisaccorD sé. : 
1862 T’. ‘ eure Moree 1: viii. md 3 Be — 
holl. isaccordance with Tuscan ideas. i 
Sensis Sueaiias Plant ill. ut. xi. 76 Had her own feelings 
been all along in disaccord: to her her’s ? 
rrdant (disikfidant), a rare. [a 
F. désaccordant, A¥. disaccordant (14th c. 
Godef.), pr. pple. of désaccorder to DisaccorD.] 
Not ing, not in accord. 
ipa Pasnan Chron, 75 1 i daca ate ose 
AuLEy Festus xix. (1 
of all phn Most disaccordant. 


DISACCOUNT. 


+ Disaccou'nt, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6, 7+ 
Account zv. or sb.] trans. To strike out of an ac- 
count or reckoning. 

1640 Eart Cork in Sir R. Boyle's Pier Ser. 1. (1886) 
V. 160 That rsol! is by him to be repaid and disaccownted. 

Disaccustom (disaky’stam), v. In 5 dysac-. 
[a. OF. desacoustumer, desacostumer (12-13th c.), 
mod.F. désaccoutumer, f. des-, DiS- 4+ acostumer, 
accoutumer to AccusTOM.] 

1. trans. To render (a thing) no longer customary; 
to disuse, break off (a habit or practice). arch. 

1484 Caxton Curiall 3 He shal dine. .and..soupe in suche 
facon that he shal dysacustome hys time and hys maner of 
lyuyng. 1594 Constasie Diana vi.iv, And I though dis- 
accustoming my Muse. . May one day raise my stile as others 
use. 1610 Donne Psendo-Martyr 43 Those stiles, which 
Christian humilitie hath made them dis-accustome and 
leave off. 1814 Cary Dante, Paradise xvi. 11 With greet- 
ing such as Rome was first to bear, But since hath dis- 
accustom’d, 

2. To render (a person) unaccustomed or unused 
to something (to which he was previously accus- 
tomed); to cause to lose a habit. Const. Zo, + from. 

1530 Patscr. 517/1 For one that is disacustumed, it is 
agreat payne to be brought in good order. 1636. Dacres tr. 
Machiavel’s Disc. Livy. xvii. 90 Sufficient, to disaccustome 
them to the ill, and accustome them throughly to the good. 
1686 F. Spence tr. Varilias’ Ho. Medicis 306 ‘The people 
might be disaccustom’d from exercising them. 1836 Sir W. 
Hamitton Discuss. (1852) 271 Such application insensibly 
disaccustomed us to the use of our reason. 1881 H. JAMES 
at Lady xxxii, Disaccustomed to living with an in- 
valid, 4 

Hence Disaceu‘stomed /// a.; Disaccu'stomed- 
ness; also | Disaccu’stomance (o/s.), disuse. 

1g0z Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxii. 299 
Moeuynge the helpe of god hym to dyscustome, unto the 
whiche dysacustomaunce be not many comyn in the espace 
of .xx. or .xxx. yeres. 1580 SipNeY Arcadia ww. (1622) 412 
Some long disaccustomed paines. 1632 SHERWoon, Disac- 
customednesse, desaccoustumance. 1825 SoutHEY Tale 
Paraguay i. 46 How strangely to her disaccustom'd ear 
Came even the accents of her native tongue ! 

Disacidify (disasi-difoi), v. rare. [Dis- 6.] 
trans, To do away with the acidity of. 

1864 in WessteR. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ know'ledge, 52. Ods. [f. next: cf. 
ACKNOWLEDGE sé.] The act of disacknowledging ; 
non-acknowledgement. 

1603 Fiorto Montaigne 1n.ix. (1632) 536 The most ordinary 
assurance I take of my people, is a kinde of disacknowledge 
or neglect. i 

Disacknowledge (diséknglédz),v.  [f. Dis- 
6+ ACKNOWLEDGE v.| ¢rans. To refuse to acknow- 
ledge ; to renounce, disown. 

598 Fiorio, Scondscere, to disacknowledge. Sconosciuto, 
disacknowledged, forgotten. 1613 Marknam Zug. Hus- 
bandman 1. U1. xiv. (1635) 187 These violent opinions I alto- 

ether disacknowledge. 1692 Sout 12 Sevm. (1697) I. 108 

yy words and oral expressions verbally to deny, and dis- 
acknowledge it. 1836 Marryar ¥afhed Ixxiv, I disinherit, 
I disacknowledge you. 1859 Trottore Bertrams II. v. 
75 You are not the man to disacknowledge the burden. 

Hence Disacknow'ledging v0/. sd.; also Dis- 
acknow'ledger, one who disacknowledges; Dis- 
acknowledgement, the fact of disacknowledging. 

1650 B. Discolliminium 8 No..c ientious Subject ought 
to obey such a Power .. with an acknowledgement of its 
Authority, or without a disacknowledgement of it. @1 
Hammonp /V&s. II. 11. 135 (R.) A disacknowledging or re- 
jecting the due government. 1661 Pr. Sanperson isc. 
(673) 55 A disacknowledgment of the Kings Authority and 

upremacy Ecclesiastical. 1665 J. SERGEANT Sure/footing 
ror Disacknowledgers of Tradition. 

Disacquai‘nt, v. ? Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ Acquarnt 
v.] trans. To make no longer acquainted; to 
estrange ; to render unfamiliar (quot. 1567). Hence 
Disacquai'nted Af/, a. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par, Luke xvi. 16 Ye must now 
disacq} and est: yourselfes from the sour old wine 
of Moses lawe. 1567 Dranr Horace’ E fist. vi. D j, Seeke 
how to chase that griefe awaye to make it disaquainted. 
1635 QuarLes Emblems 1. viii. (1718) 33 When disacquainted 
sense mes a stranger, And takes no knowledge of an 
old disease, 1677 Hate Contemipi. 11. 89 This kind of dealing 
.. Will in a little time dis-acquaint the Soul with them, and 
make the Soul and them strangers one to another. 


Disacquaintance (disikwéi-ntins). ? Obs. 
[£ prec., atter acguaintance : cf. Dis- 9.] The state 


of being disacquainted ; want of acquaintance; un- 
familiarity. 

1589 PuTrENHAM rat apt Poesie 1. ix. (Arb.) 169 The 
straungenesse. . proceedes but of noueltie and disaquaintance 
with our eares. 1672 Baxter in Life ¥. A lleine (1838) I. 3 
Men’s Strang: and di intance with those that are 
good. 1830 Lams Let. fo Gilman Wks. (1865) 165 The 
innocent taste of which [milk-porridge] I am anxious to re- 
new after half a century's disacquaintance. 

Disacrone: sce next, 

Disacryl (disekril). Chem. [f. D1s- (imply- 
ing disintegration or dissolution) + AoryL.] A 
white flocculent substance into which acrolein 
changes when kept for some time. Called also 
disacrone.~ Also attrzb., as disacryl resin, a resin- 
ous matter similarly formed. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. II. 336 Acrolein when kept 
.. changes sometimes .. into a resinous matter, disacryl 
resin. isacryl is a white, tasteless, inodorous powder 
which becomes strongly electrical by friction. 


399 
+ Disada'pt, 2. Ods. rare—°. [f. Dis- 6 + 


Apapt v.] trans. To render unfit. Hence Dis- 
adapted ff/. a., Disadapting vd/. sb. 

1611 Corcr., Desagencer, to disadapt, disadiust. did., 
Desagencé, disadapted, disadiusted. /éid., Desagencement, 
a disadapting, disadiusting. 

+Disadju'st,v. Ods. rare. [f.D1s-6 + Apsust 
v.] trans. To undo the adjustment of; to unsettle, 
disturb. Hence Disadju‘sted ///. a., Disadju st- 
ing w/. sb, a 

16rr Corer. [see prec.] 1746-7 Hervey Medit., Ox 
Night u. (1748) 50 When the ‘Vhoughts are once disad- 
justed, why are they not always in Confusion ? 


+ Disadmo:nish, v. 0ds. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ 
ApDMONISH v.] ¢rans. To dissuade, to disadvise. 

1611 CotGr., Desadmonesté, disadmonished, or dissuaded. 
1847-78 in HALLIWELL. 

+ Disado'rn, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + ADoRN 
v.]) trans. To deprive of adornment; to disfigure. 

1598 Fi.orio, Disbranare, to disadorne or spoile of brauerie. 
1621 G. Sanpys Ovia’s Met. 1x.(1626) 176 My brow. .[he] dis- 
adornes : By breaking one of my ingaged hornes. @1729 
Concreve //omer's Hymn Venus (1 .), She saw grey hairs 
begin to spread, Deform his beard, and disadorn his head. 

+ Disadva‘nce, v. Ods. [ME. dzsavaunce, a. 
OF. desavancer to repel, push back, hinder (14th 
c. in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + avancer to ADVANCE 
he for non-etymological change of a- to ad-).] - 

. trans. To check the advance of, hinder from 
advancing, drive back, cause to retreat. 

1374 CHaucer 7voylus u. 462 (511) Right for to speken of 
an ordenaunce, How we Grekes myghte disauaunce. 
c 1450 Merlin 658 ‘To disavaunce the Emperour, and by-reve 
hym the wey to Oston. 1659 D. Pete Jpr. Sea 131 ‘Whe 
more they sail southward, the more they advance the Antar- 
tick, and disadvance the Artick [pole]. 

b. To draw back; to lower (anything put for- 
ward). 

1596 SPENSER J’. Q, IV. iii. 8 That forced him his shield to 
disadvaunce. /déd. iv. iv. 7 Which th’ other seeing gan his 
course relent, And vaunted speare eftsoones to disadvaunce. 
1611 SPEED //ist, Gt. Brit. 1x. vii. (1632) 533 Hee displayed 
his Ensignes, till for the French Kings loue he was content 
to dis-aduance them. 

2. fig. To hinder from advancement, progress, or 
promotion; to throw back; to cast into a lower 
condition or position. 

ax1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. 1358 He slipirly stant 
whom that thow [Fortune] enhauncest, For sodeynly thow 
hym disavauncest. c¢1450 Merlin 250 Men..hadden grete 
drede that for the faute of her prowesse that holy cherche 
and cristin feith were disavaunced. 1530 PatsGR. 517/2, 
I disavaunce, I disalowe or hynder, ye desauance. 1 
Painter Pad. Pleas. (1890) II, 102 The daughters..be dis- 
auaunced and abased. 

3. zztr. To cease to advance, stop short. 

16r0 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict. u. iii, But when they saw 
their Lords bright cognizance Shine in his face, soon did 
they disadvance, And some unto him kneel, and some about 
him dance. : 

Hence Disadva‘neing vé/. sb., retrogression. 

1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 13 Their [the stars’) advancings 
and disadvancings. 

Disadvantage (disédva-ntédz), sd. Also 4-6 
des-, 5 dys-. [ME. des-, désavauntage, a. F. dés- 
avantage (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des-, Dis- 4 
+ avantage ADVANTAGE.] 

1. Absence or deprivation of advantage; an un- 
favourable condition or circumstance. 

1530 PatsGr. 213/2 Disavauntage, desauantaige. 1597 
Suaks. 2 Hen. IV, u. itt. 36 Him did you leaue vn-seconded 
by you, To looke vpon the hideous God of Warre, In dis- 
aduantage. 1607 — Cor. 1. vi. 49 Martius we have at dis- 
aduantage fought And did retyre to win our purpose. 1639 
Futter Holy War w. xii. (1840) 199 Never could the Chris- 
tian religion be showed to Pagans..on more disadvantages. 
1751 Jounson Rambler No, 180 P 3 Every condition has its 
disadvantages. 1782 Cowrer Let, 7 Mar., You must have 
seen her toa disadvantage. 1837 Disraei Vevetia u. ii, Her 
regret of the many disadvantages under which he laboured. 
1881 Jowett 7hucyd. 1.85 A noble nature should not be re- 
venged by taking at a disadvantage one as good as himself. 

2. Detriment, loss, or injury to interest; diminu- 
tion of or prejudice to credit or reputation. 

¢1380 Wyciir Se?. Wks, I11. 351 Whoso synnep for avan- 
tage of himsilf, his synne makip disavauntage of pat pat he 
wenep turne to good. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 161 
Childern leueb Freynsch & construep & lurnep an Englysch, 
& habbep per-by avauntage in on syde, & desauauntage yn 
anoper. 1 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 22 Your seid liegemen 
.. Susteyn and bere grete losses hinderaunce and disavaunt- 
age. 1618 Naunton in Fortesc. Pagers 68 They speake 
there all they can to the disadvantage of our nation. 1667 
Mitton P. L. vt. 431 Some disadvantage we endur'd and 

ine, Till now notknown. r71x STEELE Sfect. No. 136 P 3, 

. never speak Things to any Man's Disadvantage. 1755 
Jounson s.v. He sold to disadvantage. 18.. Bancrort 
(Webster 1864) They would throw a construction on his con- 
duct to his disadvantage before the public. A/od. Having to 
realize on a falling market we had to sell to disadvantage. 

Disativa‘ntage, v. [f. prec. sb.: cf. ADVAN- 
TAGE v., and F, désavantage-r (1507 in Hatz.-Darm.), 
f. désavantage sb.] trans. To cause disadvantage 
to; to place in an unfavourable position ; to affect 
unfavourably. 

¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I, 262 Canulus 
..-knew that the pollicie of his adversarie wolde muche 
disadvayntage him. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 95t 
He..made their lands-waste, to disadvantage their enemies 


‘ derogatory, depreciative, disparaging. 


DISADVESTURE. 


by so much the more. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 73 Sun 
and wind cannot disadvantage you. 1731 Fiecpinc Let. 
Writers ut. vi, You will be disadvantaged by the discovery. 
1871 BrowninG Badaust. 414 Yet faltering too..As some- 
how disadvantaged, should they strive. 

Hence Disadva‘ntaged ///. a., Disadva‘ntag- 
ing vd/. sd. 

1611 Cotcr., Desavantagé, disaduantaged. 1646 Satt- 
MARSH Swoke in Temple 2 ‘Yo the advantaging or dis- 
advantaging the cause. 1648 Boyte Seraph. Love x. (1700) 
58 Their. .disadvantaged Beauty is made the Compliment 
and Hyperbole of that Quality. 1879 H. Spencer Data of 
Ethics xi. ee 188 The uniform principle has been that the 
ill-adapted, disadvantaged in the struggle for existence, 
shall bear the consequent evils. 

+ Disadvantageable, 2. Obs. [f. Disap- 
VANTAGE, after advantageable: ef. Dis- 10.] At- 
tended by disadvantage; disadvantageous, preju- 
dicial. 

1597-8 Bacon Ess., Expense (Arb.) 54 Hastie selling is 
commonly as disaduantageable as interest. 1613 F. Ro- 
BARTES Revenue Gospel 116 It is very disaduantageable to 
the glorie of God and saluation of men. 1631 Br, Weppe 
Quietn. 127 A disaduantageble peace is to be preferred 
before a just war. 


Hence + Disadva'ntageably adv. Ods., in a dis- 
advantageous manner, to the disadvantage or pre- 
judice (of any one). 


1627 Lisander & Cal. x, 222 Hee had..spoken so dis- 
advantagably of her. 


Disadvantageons (dise:dvanté'dzas),a, Also 
7-8 -ious. [f. D1s-10 + ADVANTAGEOUS, perh. after 
F, désavantageux (15-16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 
Attended with or occasioning disadvantage; un- 
favourable, prejudicial. 

1603 Hoitanp Plutarch's Mor. 168 To enter into some 
disadvantageous promise. 1608 T. Morton Pream. En- 
counter 7o Intolerably disaduantagious vnto the Romish 


part. 1670 Mitton //ist, Eng. vi. Harold (1847) 560/2 
‘The English were in a streight disadvantageous place. 
1749 Fievpinc Tom Yones ut. ii, We are obliged to bring 
our hero on the stage in a much more disadvantageous 


manner than we could wish. 1861 Emerson Soc. & Sodit., 
Ola Age Wks. (Bohn) III, 131 The creed of the street is, 
Old Age is not disgraceful, but immensely disadvantageous, 
1874 GREEN Short Hist. ix. § 8. 684 ‘To consent to a dis- 
advantageous peace, 

b. ‘Tending to the disadvantage or discredit of 
the person or thing in question; unfavourable; 
? Obs. 

1663 CowLry Ode Restoration viii, Seen..in that ill disad- 
vantageous Light, With which misfortune strives t'abuse our 
sight. 1709 Swirt 7. 7b Apol., Fixes. .a disadvantageous 
Character upon those who never deserved it. @1776 Hume 
Less. Princ. Govt. (R.), Whatever disadvantageous senti- 
ments we may entertain of mankind. 1807 G. CHALMERS 
Caledonia 1. 1. ii. 69 Herodian concurs with Dio in his 
disadvantageous representation of the civilisation. among 
the Caledonian clans. 

Disadvanta‘geously, «a/v. [f. prec.+-1y.] 
In a disadvantageous manner; with disadvantage ; 
to the disadvantage of the person or thing in ques- 
tion; unfavourably, prejudicially. 

1611 Corcr., Desadventageusement, disaduantagiously. 
1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 20 It hath fallen out to 
be heard disadvantagiously for some. 1696 tr. Du Mont's 
Voy, Levant 353 You have spoken disadvantageously of 
the Government before a Guardian. a1797 H. Wavpo.e 
Mem. Geo. I1, (1847) II. ii. 49 The question was opened 
disadvantageously for the court, 1862 S. Lucas Secwlarta 
47 That national indifference to social philosophy, in which 
we compare so disadvantageously with the first nations of 
the continent. 


Disadvanta‘geousness. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being disadvantageous ; 
unfavourableness. 

1727 in Batey vol. II. 1782 Tyers Rhafs. on Pope 5(T.) 
This disadvantageousness of figure he converted.. into a 
perpetual spur to..deliver himself from scorn. 


+Disadventure. Os. [ME. désaventure, a. 
OF. desaventure, desadventure (in Godef.), f. des-, 
Dis- 4 + aventure ADVENTURE] Misadventure, 
mischance, mishap, misfortune. 

¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus 11. 366 (415) If I, thurgh my dis- 
aventure, Had lovid other hym or Achilles. ¢1470 Harpinc 
Chron., ii, With streames to and fro, And tempestes greate, 
and sore disauenture. 1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. 214 It is 
accounted more to disaduenture than to sinne. 1 Spen- 
ser F. Q. 1. i. 45 For never knight, that dared warlike deed, 
Morelucklessdisadventures did amate. 1638Sir 7. Hersert 
Trav. (ed. 2) 275 Barames a noble Persian by hap escaped, 
but not a second disadventure. ‘ 

+ Disadve‘nturous, @. Ods.. Also 6 disad- 
ventrous, disaventrous. [f. prec., after ADVEN- 
rurous: cf. obs. F. desaventureux (in Cotgr.1611).] 


Unfortunate, disastrous. 

1590 SPENSER FQ. 1. ix. rr And who most trustes in arme 
of fleshly might .. Doth soonest fall in disaventrous fight. 
rsgt — 1. Hubberd 100 For to wexe olde at home in idle- 
nesse, Is disaduentrous, and quite fortunelesse, 1596 — 
FQ... viii. 51 An hard mishap and disaventrous case Him 
chaunst. 1 Rowe Jameri/. 1. i. 283 The Merit of his 
Virtue hardly match’d With disadventurous Chance. 

+ Disadve'st, v. Obs. rare—°.  [a. OF. des- 
advestir, f, des-, Dis- 4 + advestir to ADVEST.] 

1611 Corcr., Desadvestir, to disseise, disad » dis- 
possesse, disinherite. 

Hence + Disadve'sture. 

1611 Cortcr., Desadvest, a disseisin, disp 
aduesture, disinheriting. 


» dis- 


DISADVISE. 


Disadvi'se v. [f. Dis- 6 + Apvise.] 

1. trans. To give advice against (an action or 
course) ; to advise that (it) should not be done. 

1636 Lo. Wentwortn Le?. in Carte Ormonde (1735) 14, 
I must in any case disadvise it, till you hear further from 
me. oLcrort Procopius wv. 149 Thorisin demanded 
herein the opinion of the principall G les, who plainely 
disadvised it. 1749 Fievpinc /om Jones w. iv, 1 should 
disadvise the bringing any such action. 1798 W. Taytor 
in Robberds Mem. I. 216 Every one of his friends has dis- 
advised the measure. 1882 C. Epwarpes tr. Leofardi's 
Ess. §& Dial. 166, 1 do not fail..to disadvise the search after 
that cold and miserable truth. ; : 

2. To advise (a person) against an action or 
course ; to dehort from. 

_ 1687 Boyvte Martyrd. Theodora iv. (1703) 55 An apostle, 
who, though not unfavourable to the Marriage state, dis- 
advises those women that are free, from entering into it. 
1855 Tro.tore Warden xviii, I am sure he disadvised you 
from it. 

+ Disadvi'sed, A//.a. Ods. s ; 
VISED, after OF. desavisé.] Imprudent, ill-advised, 
inconsiderate. 

15.. in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 73 In whatsoeuer you doe, 
be neyther hasty nor disaduised. 

+ Disaffe'ct, s/. Ols. rare—'. [f. Dis- 9 + 
Arrect sé., after AFFECT v.*] = DISAFFECTION 3. 

1683 Satmon Doron Med. 1. 391 Convulsions, Gouts, 
Cholick and other Disaffects coming from frigidity. 

+ Disaffect, a. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 10 + AFFECT 


[f. Dis- 10 + Ap- | 


| jects. x7: 


ppl. a.: prob. viewed as short for désaffected.] = Dis- | 


AFFECTED I, 

1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1694/3 Levying War upon..the Ar- 
bitrary Orders of a Disaffect..part of Parliament. 

Disaffect disafe-kt), v.! [f. Dis- 6 + Arrecr 
v1 Cf. mod.F. désaffecter (19th c.)] 

1. ¢rans. To lack affection for ; to dislike, regard 
with aversion, be unfriendly to. Obs. or arch. 

1621 Br. H. Kine Serv.,To Rdr.,1 haue not yet so doted on 
their part, or dis-affected my owne. 1626 Suirtey Brothers 
1. i, Unless you disaffect His person. 1708 SHAFTESBURY 
Inquiry Virtue i.2Vhe heart must rightly and soundly affect 
what is just and right, and disaffect what is contrary. 1755 
Younc Centaur i. Wks. (1757) 1V. 124 How comes it to pass, 
that men of parts should so much disaffect the Scrip- 
tures? 1890 West. Meth. Mag. Jan. 47 I you disaffect a 
Vestry or a Classroom, set apart your drawing-room once 
a week, : ; 

2. To estrange or alienate the affection of; to 
make unfriendly or less friendly; sfec. to discon- 
tent or dissatisfy, as subjects with the government ; 
to make disloyal. (Mostly in pass’ve: see Dis- 
AFFECTED 1.) 

1641 Remonstr. Commons in Rushw. Hist, Coll. 1. (1692) 
I. 439 ‘Fo disaffect the King to Parliaments by Slanders and 
false Imputations. 1680 Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) I. 36 


Many libells are thrown about to disaffect the king and his | 


people. 1792 G. Wasuincton Let. Writ. 1891 XII. 172 We 
have fresh .. representations .. of their endeavoring to dis- 
affect the four southern tribes of Indians towards this 
country. 


raise Cain by disaffecting the other workmen. 1 3 Marie 


1893 Chamb. Frnl. 21 Jan. 46/1 You .. began to | 


Coretu Baradéas iv. (1894) 28 A pestilence in this man’s | 


shape doth walk abroad to desolate and disaffect the pro- 
vince. 

+ Disaffe'ct, v.2 Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Arrecr v.7] 
trans. To affect inan evil manner ; to disorder, de- 
range, disease. 

1625 Donne Ser, xx. 192 The more it works upon good 
Men, the more it disaffects the Bad. a1656 UssHer Aux. 
vi. (1658) 773 That disease was like none of ours; the head 
was disaffected, and that Lary dried, killed many. a 1660 
Hammonn Serm. xxiii, (T.), It disaffects the bowels, en- 
tangles and distorts the entrails. 1688 Boye Final Causes 
Nat. Things iv. 200 If the eyelids, which are subject to 
more than one distemper, be considerably disaffected. 

Disaffected disafektéd), pp/. a. [f. Disar- 
rect v.!,++-ED1.] I. Pa. pple. of Disarrecr v.!. 

1. Evilly affected ; estranged in affection or alle- 
giance, unfriendly, hostile; almost always sfec. 
Unfriendly to the government or to constituted 
authority, disloyal. 

1632 St. rials, H. Sherfield (R.), But in as much as he 
is accused of infidelity .. to Almighty God .. and to be dis- 
affected to the king. 1678 Hickes in Ellis Orig. Let?. 
Ser. n. IV. 51 The Court was full of disaffected villains. 
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 131 ® 7, I pass among some for 
a disaffected Person. 1809 Morning Post 13 July, The dis- 
affected crowded to the standard of these traitors. 1823 
Scorr Peveril i, Major Bridgenorth was considered .. as a 
disaffected person to the Commonwealth. 1849 Cospen 
Speeches 42 A measure which will tend to make the people 
contented and happy citizens, jnstead of being miserable, 
dejected, and disaffected. 4 : 

. Disliked, regarded with aversion. rare. 

1649 Br. Haut Cases Consc. (T.), To cast her against her 
mind upon a disaffected match. 

II. Pa, pple. of Disarrecr v.2 

+3. Affected with disease, disordered. Ods. 

1664 Butter Hud. u. ii. 505 As if a man should be dis- 
sected, To find what part is disaffected. GLANVILL 
Scepsis Sct. x. (R.), And if our disaffected es resent 
nought but bitterness from our choicest ved. 

Hence Disaffe’ctedly adv., Disaffectedness. 

1709 Strvre Ann. Ref. 1. xlviii. 522 Out of private hatred 


isaffectedness, 1 Battey (folio), tac ar 
disatisfiedly. 1793 J. Wituiams Calm Exam. 59 'y look 

disaffectedly and with scorn at the t rulers. 
on (disafe fon). [f. Dis- 9 + Ar- 


| w.] 


400 
FECTION; orn. of action f, Disarrecr v.! and 2, 
after affection.] 

1. Absence or alienation of affection or kindly 
— dislike, hostility: see ArrEcTIoN 6. 

1640 Sanperson Serm. Il. 145 Chastening is .. far from 
being any argument of the father’s dis-affection. 1643 MiLton 
Divorce i. vii. (1851) 78 Not to root up our naturall affec- 
tions and disaffections. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. x. iii. § 6 
His disaffection to the discipline established in England. 
1706-7 Farquuar Beaux Strat. m1. iii, What Evidence can 

ve the unacc ble Disaffections of Wedlock? 1879 
STEVENSON 7rav. Cevennes 87 Modestine..seemed to have 
a disaffection for monasteries. 

2. sfec. Political alienation or discontent ; a spirit 
of disloyalty to the government or existing authority: 
see DISAFFECTED I. . 

ay Jonson Volpone 1. i, Nor any dis-affection to the 
state Where I was bred. 1683 Hrit. Spec. 218 To take awa 
all Occasions of Disaffection to the Anoi dof ten Lard. 
1697 DAMPIER = I. 371 The whole Crew were at this time 
under a general disaffection, and full of very different Pro- 
Jounson Rambler No. 204 ? 2 Thou hast re- 
conciled disaffection, thou hast suppressed rebellion. 1808 
Syp. Smita Wés. (1867) I. 115 A very probable cause of dis- 
affection in the troops. 1874 Green Short Hist. 556 The 
popular disaffection told even on the Council of State. 

+ 3. The condition of being evilly affected ag 
cally; physical disorder or indisposition. Ods. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes m. xi. 144 Forc'd to fly to Phy- 
sick, for cure of the disaffection. 1676 Wiseman (J.), The 
disease took its original merely from the disaffection of the 
part, and not from the peccancy of the humours. 1688 BoyLe 
Final Causes Nat. Things, Vitiated Sight 260 This woman 
..had a disaffection of sight very uncommon. 1741 Compi. 
Fam.-Piece 1. i. 78 Uf the Patient be subject to.. any Swell- 
ing, Heat, or Disaffection in the Eyelids. 

Disaffe'ctionate, 2. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 10 
+ AFFECTIONATE a.] 

1. Wanting in affection: unloving. 

1796 Haviey Life of Milton (T.), A beautiful but disaffec- 
tionate and disobedient wife. - 

2. Characterized by disaffection ; disloyal. 

1636 Sir H. Biount Voy. Levant (1650) 99 (T.) They .. 
were found damnably corrupt, and disaffectionate to the 
‘Turkish affairs. 

+ Disaffi'ance, s/. Obs. rare—'. [Dis- 9.] 
Want of affiance, trust, or confidence ; distrust. 

1631 Celestina 1. 34 Not caring..how thou puttest a dis- 
affiance in my affection. 

+ Disaffi'ance, v. Ols.rare—'. [f. Dis- 6+ 
AFFIANCE v.] ¢rans. To put out of affiance, trust, 
or confidence. 

1631 Celestina x. 117 Already disaffianced in his hope, for 
want ofa good and faire answer, hee hath set both his eyes 
and his heart upon the love and person of another. 

Disaffiliate (disafilieit), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Ar- 
FILIATE v.] ¢rans. To undo the affiliation of, to 
detach (that which is affiliated): the reverse of to 
AFFILIATE, 

1870 C. J. Smitn Syn. & Antonyms, Affiiltate, Disannex, 
Disaffiliate. 1892 Graphic 21 May 5098/3 Eleven branch 
associations have ae th lves in co De 
of the dispute over the suffrage question, 

Disafiirm (disafa-um), v. [f. Dis- 6+ AFFIRM 
‘rans. To contradict, deny, negative: the 
contrary of to AFFIRM 4. 

1548 Gust /’r. Masse 97 Disaffyrmynge the masse sacry- 
fyce to bee propiciatorye. 1615 Davies Aeforts Cases Pref. 
(T.), Neither doth Glanvil or Bracton disafiirm the antiquity 
of the reports of the law. 1816 Sik R. Dattas in Taunton 
Rep. V1. 529 The suggestion that this was a voluntary pay- 
ment, is disaffirmed y the averment of compulsion. 

Law, To annul or reverse (some former de- 
cision, etc.) ; to repudiate (a settlement or agree- 
ment): the contrary of AFFIRM I, 2, CONFIRM. 

1531 Dial. Laws Eng. . xxvi. (1638) 46 Therefore .. the 
said Statute neither ore te — _ 
1634 Eart Strarrorp Lets. § Disp. (1739) I. 298 ving 
the other .. in the State they now are, either affirmed or 
disaffirmed. 1883 V. Y. 7ridune XLII. 5 The Supreme 
Court of the United States has disaffirmed the view of the 
Post Office Department and affirmed that of the Company. 
1890 Sir A. Kexewicn in Law Times’ Rep, LX. 682) 
She could disaffirm the settlement on attaining twenty-one. 

Disaffirmance (disifs::mins). [f. Disarrimm 
v., after affirm, affirmance.] The action of disaffirm- 
ing; negation ; annulment, repudiation. 

1610 Bacon in Howell St. 7riads (1816) 11. 399/1 If it had 
been a disaffirmance by law they must have gone down in 
solido. 1643 Prynne Ofen. Gt. Seal 24 Done in affirmance, 
onely, not disaffirmance of it, as Lawyers speake. 1677 
Hate Prim, Orig. Man, 1. iv.102 As much a Demonstra- 
tion in disaffirmance of any thing that is affirmed as can 
possibly be. 1818 Cotesrooxe Odlig. §& Contracts 1. 36 
A suit.,in disaffirmance of it [an illegal contract]. .is conso- 
nant to the policy of thelaw. 1868 Bexyamin Ou Sales (1884) 


| 404 The vendor has done some act to disaffirm the transaction 


.- Before the disaffirmance the vendee has transferred the. . 
interest. 

Disaffirmation (diseefoimé':fon),  [f. Disar- 
FIRM v., after affirm, -ation.) The action of dis- 
affirming ; denial, negation ; repudiation. 

1842 in Branpe Dict. Science, etc. 1875 Maine His!. 
Just. vii. 205 The disaffirmation of the lege, of Tanistry. 
1893 |Veek/y Notes 49/2 Notwithstanding her disaffirmation 
of her settlement when she attained twenty-one. 

i ‘rmative, «. U as prec., after - 
ative.| Characterized by disaffirming ; tending to 
disaffirm ; negative. 

@ 1832 in Benruam (F. Hall). - 


DISAGGREGATION. 
ager tpn Obs. —t, [Dis- 6.] trans. 
To refuse to oe open bap etang: 


1597 Dantet Civ. Wars vin. lviii, Let not ing a Lan- 
=, haut mine own Election, di Me 


Ri rat Cause disfigured. 
1 or ™ le 
Disafforest (distiprest, 2 {24, med. (Anglo) 
L. disafforestare (in Charter of Forests 13th c.), f. 


Dis- 4 + afforestare to Avrorest. Cf. the ym- 
ous Dg-aFroRESsT, DEFoREST, DisFroREST. 
1. trans. To free from the operation of the forest 


laws ; to reduce from the legal state of forest to that 
of ordinary land. 

(1225 Charta Foreste an. 9 Hen. 111, c. 3 (Spelman s.v. 
Afforestare) Omnes bosci qui fuerunt afforestati per Richar- 
dum avunculum nostrum..statim Disafforestentur.] 1598 
Stow Surv. xli. (1603) 424 The Forest of Midlesex, and t 
Warren of Stanes were ST cdnted. 1598 Manwoop Lawes 
Forest xvi. § 9 (1615) 116/2 By the Charter, all new forests 
were generally to bee disafforested, N. Cox Gentlem, 
Recr. 1. (ed. 2) 24 Afforest, is to turn Land into Forest. 
Disafforest, is to turn Land from being Forest to other uses. 
1725 Lond. Gaz. No. 6350/3 The whole inclosed with a Pale, 
and disaforested. Brack Adv, House-boat 71, 1 don't 
know when the district was disafforested; but in Shake- 
_—_ own time they hunted red-deer in these Warwickshire 
wi 


Jig. a1631 Donne Poems, To Sir Herbert (1650) 157 How 
happy is he, which hath due place assign’d To his Least 
and disaforested his mind. 

absol. 1638 Sim R. Corton Abstr. Rec. Tower 14 
{Edward I) disafforested in most Counties of England. 

2. To strip or clear of forests or trees. rare. 

1843 De Quincey in Blackw. Mag. LII. 126 From the 
wreck of her woods by means of incendiary armies, Greece 
is, for a season, disafforested. : 

ence Disaffo-rested ///. a.; Disaffo'resting 
vbl, sb, and ppl. a.; also Disaffo'restment. 

1857 Toutmin Smitn Parish 469 For the disafforesting of 
the royal forests and chases. 1875 BuckLanp Log-dk. 240 
This was before the miserable cheese-paring policy of dis- 
afforesting, when the red-deer were still to be seen in the forest 

lades. 1882 Standard 14 Mar., A Commissioner under the 
frainault Disafforesting Commission. 1889 Blackw. Mag. 
CXLVI. 661/1 The great disafforestment proceeds a 

Disafforestation (disafprést2'-fan). [n. of 
action f. med.L. disafforestare to DiSAFFOREST.] 
a. The action of disafforesting ; exemption from 
forest laws. b. Destruction of forests or woods. 

1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xvi. § 9, (61s) 116/2 All 
those, that were put out of the Forest by the disafforestation. 
1888 A thenzum 10 Mar. 302/3 The gradual obsolescence of 
our forest law and the steady prog disaffo' i 
1888 Times 4 Oct. 9/5 The rapid progress of disafforestation 
will be understood, and it is certain that the natural growth 
cannot keep pace with it. : 

+ Disaffright, v. Ods. rare. [D1s-6.] trans, 
To free from fright or alarm ; to reassure. 

1676 Hosses //iad 1v. 216 His own Commanders first to 


disaffright. 

+ ,v. Obs. rare. [In 16th c. desafie, a. 
OF. desafie-r to distrust, f. des-, L. dés- (D1s- 4) + 
afier to trust: see APFY v.] trans. To put out of 
relations of soo tg = i; rv we 

AYA ‘en. VII, 2 e fledde a 

et et Ta Slog for the weene Geoeid Dy Tomah Oa 
maynteyn his acte and hit silf to be honest, and to fight 
in that quarrell with the said Julyan. 

+ Disa'ge. Ovs. rare. [ad. It. disagio dis-ease, 
trouble, want, f. dés-, Dis- 4 + agio leisure, ease ; 
cf, Acio, ApDaGIo.] Hardship, trouble. 


. Weep Stone-Heng (1725) 156 (They) were thick- 
ind Trellows pale | mie od undergo such and 


re 
trans. To release from a burden or 
AGGRAVATE ¥, 3. 

1598 FLorio Disgranio, a discharge, a disagrauating. 

vise merenet. v. [f. Dis- 6 + AGGREGATE @, 
Cf. F. désagréger, Sp. desagregar.] 

1. ¢rans. To separate (an aggregated mass) into 
its component particles. 

1828 in Weuster. 1858G. P. Scrore Geol. Centr. France 


ed. Its parts are then disnggrensted. tr. Schiften- 
7 Ferment. 172 The cellular peg ae em partly 


or completely di ted. 
2. intr. (for ref.) To separate from an te. 
he a = wig Amen. Ethaol. 87 As soon as they 
tion (dissegr?gé'fon). [n. of ac- 
tion f. prec. vb.: cf. mod.F. désagrégation (1878 in 
Dict. Acad.).) i 
1. The separation of the component particles of 
an ted mass or structure ; disint ion. 
in Wesster, 1858 Sat, Rev. 20 Nov. Fs A million 
of entire skeletons .. bound together by the fine powder re- 
sulting from the disaggregation of their fellows and of other 
i organi Esq Cornwall 4x 
ty ts 
: cues 5 a 
" 1881 ature XX1 . 67 An electric dis 
of the electrode. 
2. ¢ransf. in various om et — 
8 5 Power 
aot power phon ation 18x — é contrib, 
. Ethnol. 87 A further consequence re- 
un a el gana be on oficial biking. 


vate, v. Obs. rare. [D1s- 6.] 
2 see 


mes . 5/1 Centralization wou sappear. .to e 
wa) apy soreqati as troublesome for the Monarchy 
of Portugal as French Republic. . 


DISAGREE. 


Dis e (disagrz’),v. [ad. F. désagréer (12th 
c, in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des- (Dis- 4) + agréer to 
AGREE. See also DisGREE.] 

1. intr. To differ, to be unlike; not to AGREE, 
correspond, accord, or harmonize. Const. wth, 


+ to, t+ from. z 

1494 Fasyan Chron. wv. Ixvi. 45 That sayinge disagreeth 
to the wrytynge of Eutropius. 1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 
191 [He] sorroweth to see thy behaviour so far to disagree 
from thy birth, 1637 Gutesrie Eng. Pop, Cerem. ww. iii. 8 
Those things we call morally mse which, agree to right 
reason: those morally evill, which disagree from right 
reason. 1655 STANLEY /ist. Philos. m1. (1701) 86/1 Which 
[account] disagrees not with the other. 1685 STILLINGFL. 
Orig. Brit. i. 4 A Tradition .. disagreeing to the Scripture. 
1725 Watts Logic u. iv. § 2 We have neither a very clear 

nception in our selves of the two Ideas contained in the 
Words, nor how they cm or disagree. 1874 A. B. Davip- 
son Hebr. Gram. § 48 The other numerals are nouns, and 
disagree in gender with the words which they enumerate. 
1884 tr. Lofze’s Logic iv. 235 Particular circumstances which 
agree or disagree with given facts. 

2. To differ in opinion; to dissent. 

1559 in St Ann. Ref. 1. App. xi. 35 Ifany. .disagreed 
from his forefathers, he £ to jud: ae pienected, be 
Srintincrr. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 20 Those who disagree 
from that former Computation, place it yet lower. 1732 
Pore Ep. Bathurst 1 Who shall decide when Doctors 
disagree? 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 181 The sincere 
beliefs and conscientiously performed rites of those .. from 
whose religion he disagrees. 1883 Froupe Short. Stud. 1V. 
1. ii, 187 He could not place himself in the position of persons 
who disagreed with him, 1891 Spectatey ¥4 Jane 823/1 Men 
who hoped against hope that the jury would disagree. 

3. To refuse to accord or agree (to any proposal, 
etc.); todissent. Const. fo, wth; +from. Indi- 
rect passive, fo de disagreed to. * 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 36 Preamb., If the.. Duke. .dis- 
agree to the seid acte. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 52a, If 
the parcener .. hathe yssue and dyeth, the issue maye dis- 
agree to the particion. 1589 WARNER Add. Eng. vi. xxx. 
(1612) 155 Mine is to loue, but hers to disagree. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 495 In such cases the grantee may, by 
deed only, disagree, and disclaim the estate. 1825 ‘I. Jer- 
FERSON A wfodiog, Wks. 1859 I. 31 The Delaware counties 
had bound up their delegates to disagree to this article. 1869 
Gtapstonr SA. 72 Parlt. (Daily News 16 July), I shall move 
to disagree to that clause. .I beg now to move that the House 
disagree with the Lords’ amendment. .of the preamble of the 
Irish Church Bill. //d., The Lords’ amendment was then 
disagreed to. 1869 Daily News 27 July, The Lower House 
has disagreed from the amendment. 

To be at variance, to dispute or quarrel. 

1548 Hatt Chron. Hen. IV, 29 b, Takyng a corporall othe 
«never after to disagre or renewe any displeasure. 1667 
Mitton P, L. 11. 497 Devil with Devil damn’d Firm concord 
holds, men onely disagree Of Creatures rational. 1758 S. 
Haywarpb Serm, xvii. 531 Children of the same family ought 
not to disagree. 1835 Lytton Rienzi u. i, Come, we must 
not again disagree. i af 

5. Of food, climate, etc. : To conflict in physical 
operation or effect; to be unsuitable. Const. 
wth. 

1563 etc., [see DisAGREEING JAZ. a. 4.] 1768 tr. Cornaro’s 
Disc. 15 To try, whether those, which pleased my palate, 
agreed or disagreed with mystomach, /é7d. 45 Fruit, fish,and 
other things of that kind disagree with me. 1813 Martin in 
Med.-Chirurg. Trans. 1V.47 Increasing one drop every day 
until it might begin to disagree with the stomach, 1820 Suet- 
Ley Edipus u. ii. 28 So plain a dish Could scarcely disagree. 
1827 Scorr Nafoleon x\vi, Ascribed to his health’s disagree- 
ing with the air of that capital. 1865 Mrs. CarLyLe Left. 
III. 288 It couldn’t have been sound, that champagne .. or 
it wouldn’t have so disagreed with me. Mod. The confine- 
ment and close application to work disagrees with him, 


+ Disagree’, sb. Obs. rare—'.  [f. prec. vb.] 


Disagreement. 
1589 Greene Tudlies Love (1609) D iv b, It may bee that the 


destinies have appointed their disagree. 


5 ae ag age from the police, 1889 Mrs. Ranpotru New 
ve II. ix. 62 Ill-health meant ill-temper, discomfort, dis- 


ble (disigr7ab’l), a. (sb.) Also 5 
Ze (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
IS- 4) + agréable AGREEABLE.] 

+1. Not inagreement; characterized by difference 
or incongruity; disagreeing, discordant, at variance. 
Const. fo, wath. Obs. 

c1400 Rom, Rose 4717 It [love] is Carybdis perillous Dis- 
agreeable and gracious, It is discordaunce that can accord, 
And accordaunce to discord. 1494 Fasyan Chron, vil. 
ccxxxiv. 270 But ..I se the mater se, ar to other 
wryters, and also thynke that moche therof is fayned. 1538 
CoverpaLe Ded. to N. 7., It was disagreeable to my former 
translation in English. 1563 Gotpinc Cassar Pref. (1565) 1 
Cesar in hys descryption of Gallia. .may seeme dysagreable 
wyth other authors. 165r Hosses Leviath. 1. xv. 79 What 
is conformable or disagreeable to Reason, in the actions 
of common life. 1725 Baitey Zrasm. Collog. 407 Compare 
their Lives and nothing can be more disagreeable. 1759 
Jounson Rasselas xxviii. (1 87) 78 The obstinate contests of 
a virtues. 1766 f. LACKBURNE Confessional 262 
In determining what is the proper sense and extent of the 
por and what shall be judged agreeable or disagreeable 
to them, : 

2. Not in accordance with one’s taste or liking; 

Vor. III. 


f. dés- ( 


401 


exciting displeasure or disgust-; unpleasing, un- 
pleasant, offensive. 

1698 Fryer Acc. £. India & P. 254 Yet he found it dis- 
agreeable, because the Nights now were as intensely Cold, 
as the Days were Hot. 1705 Bosman Guinea 230 This is 
such a horrible ugly Creature, that I don’t believe any 
thing besides so very disagreeable is to be found. 1754 
E. Darwin Let. to Dr. Okes in Dallas Life (1879), Yester- 
day’s post brought me the disagreeable news of my father’s 
departure out of this sinful world. x S. Wituiams le7- 
mont 90 This animal is without any ill scent, or disagreeable 
effluvia. 1838 James Hodder iv, Your society is any thing 
but disagreeable to me, 1841-44 Emerson Ess., Prudence 


. Wks. (Bohn) I, roo In regard to disagreeable .. things, 


prudence does not consist in evasion..but in courage. 

3. Of persons : Of unpleasant temper or humour ; 
actively unamiable ; offensive. 

Itranges from anactive sense, of which the person in question 
is the subject, as in quot. 1474, to a subjective one of which 
the person in question is the object, both being often 
present. 

[1474 Caxton Chesse (1481) D viij b, Not plesyd but dis- 
agreable whan they haue receyued the yefte.) 1710-11 
Swirt Lett. (1767) III. 109, I dined to-day with my mistress 
Butler, who grows very disagreeable. 1825 J. Neat Pro. 
Jonathan M1. 323 A very disagreeable man was here. 1875, 
W. S. Haywarp Love Agst. World 11 My cousin is 
dreadfully disagreeable. 

b. Uncomfortable, in an unpleasant position. 

1844 P. Parley'’s Ann. V. 180 The King felt quite dis- 
agreeable. The Russians might drop in upon him very 
unceremoniously, 

B. as sd, (Cf. AGREEABLE 6.) ta. A disagree- 
able person. Odés, 

1829 Mrs. SoutuEy Church Yards 11, 242 Whatever some 
superior-minded disagreeables may say to the contrary. 


b. A disagreeable thing or experience; esf._ 


in 77. 

1781 Cowrer Let. 4 Feb., Some disagreeables and awk- 
wardnesses would probably have attended your interview. 
1797 Hotcrorr tr. Stolberg’s Trav. (ed. 2) 11. xlii. 64 The 
Greek artists are .. careful to keep the disagreeable out of 
sight. 1804 W. Irvine Life § Lett. (1864) I. iv. 78, I am 
seasoned. .to the disagreeables from my Canada journey of 
last summer. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley ix. 127 When the 
disagreeables of life—its work and privations were in ques- 
tion. 

Disagreeableness (disigr7ab’Inés). [f. prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being disagreeable. 

+1. Want of agreement; discordancy, incon- 
gruity. Ods. 

1571 GoLpING Calvin on Ps. xix. 18 This disagreeablenesse 
of the wicked is easly washt away. 1686 Horneck Crucif 
Jesus xxiv. 828 Remove and conquer that disagreeableness, 
that is betwixt my nature, and thy harmony. 1712 Appison 
Spect. No, 413 ® 1 We know neither the Nature of an Idea, 
nor the Substance of a human Soul, which might help us 
to discover the Conformity or Disagreeabieness of the one 
to the other. 1716 Atrersury Serv. (1734) I. 215 Its dis- 
agreeableness to the eternal rules of right reason. 

2. Unpleasantness ; also, an unpleasant feature. 

1648 W. Mountacur Devout Essays 1. xvii. § 1 Many 
who have figured Solitude..have sought to sweeten all they 
could the disagreeableness. 1709 SrEELE Tatler No. 84 P 5, 
I found the Disagreeableness of giving Advice without being 
asked it. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) I. xvi. 109 Look 
upon that man—see but the disagreeableness of his person. 
1833 Fraser's Mag. VII. 4 With all its manifold disagree- 
ablenesses (to coin a word), it must be grappled with boldly. 
1861 SwinuoE NV. China Camp. 9 There was just that amount 
of disagreeableness that usually occurs among Englishmen 
who are strangers to one another. 

Disagree‘ablism. nonce-wd. [see -18M.] 

1887 Besant Fifty Years Ago in Graphic Jubilee No. 
20 June 2/3 Together with discontent, chartism, republican- 
ism, atheism—in fact all the disagreeablisms. 

Disagreeably (disagr7abli), adv. [f. Drs- 
AGREEABLE +-LY 2.] In a disagreeable manner or 
degree; unpleasantly; offensively. 

1730-6 Battery (folio), Disagreeably, unpleasantly. 1766 
Gray in Corr. w. N. Nicholls (1843) 61, 1 passed. all June 
in Kent not disagreeably. 1838 Dickens Wich. Nick. xxix, 
You may find yourself very disagreeably deceived. 1847 
Emerson Refr. Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 333 
Swedenborg is disagreeably wise..and repels, 

+ Disagree’ance. Os. [f. Disacrer z., after 
AGREEANCE: cf, also OF. desagreance (Godef.).] 
= DISAGREEMENT. 

1548 UDALL, etc, Evasm. Par. Acts viii. 36 There is no 
disagreaunce where is faith. 1589 Late Voy. Sp. § Port. 
(1881) 98 Our disagreeance with them, will impeach the 
trade of our Merchants. 1597 Sc. Acts Fas. V/ (1814) 158 
em) they sall ,. report the groundis and caussis of their 

isagrieance to his maiestie. 

Disagreed, #//. a. [f. Disacrer v. + -ED1.] 
The reverse of AGREED; not in agreement; at 
variance. 

1598 Forio, Scordato, forgotten, put out of tune, vnstrung, 
disagree Baxter Saving Faith Ded. Aij, Well 
worth his labor to prove us disagreed. 1875 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) IV. 42 The partisans of utility are disagreed among 
themselves. = Se 

Disagreeing (disagr7in), vd7. sb. [f. as prec. 

+ -1nG!,] The action of the verb to DISAGREE; 
disagreement. 

1548 UDALL, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke 94a, There ought to 
bee no discorde ne disagreyng emong theita in their preach- 
yng. 1567 R. Mutcaster Fortescue’s De Laud. Leg. (1572) 
103 b, To be troubled with so many disagreeings. 2047 JER. 
Taytor Lid, Proph. xvii. 219 Such complying with the dis- 
agreeings of a sort of men, is the total overthrow of all 
Discipline. Jod. Their disagreeing was happily prevented. 


DISALLEGIANCE, 


Disagreeing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 
That disagrees. 

+1. Out of harmony or agreement; discordant, 
incongruous; diverse. Ods. 

1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 39 The places .. declare... 
what be incidente, what be disagreeyng from the matter. 
1561 T. Hosy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer (1577) E vij b, 
Oratours .. vnlike and disagreeing .. to their predecessours 
& folowers. 1593 Q. Ez. tr. Boethius (E.E.'1. S.) 105 Me 
thinkes it a crosse mater and in it self disagreing, that God 
all knowes, and yet ther should bea free will. 1656 W. D. tr. 
Comenius Gate Lat. Unt. § 559 Many Islands, replenished 
with disagreeing nations and tongues. 1690 Locke Govt. 1. 
ii. §7 A Figure .. very disagreeing with what .. Children 
imagine of their Parents. 

2. Differing in opinion; dissentient. 

1552 Hutort, Disagreeynge, dissentaneus. 1625 K. 
Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis 1, xx. 63 The nobles about 
them, in agreeing silence covered their disagreeing thoughts. 
1677 Hate Prim, Orig. Man. m1. 4 Finding the 
Philosophers and Wise Men so uncertain and disagreeing. 
1856 Mrs. Carty_e Lett. I]. 271 A half-perplexed, half- 
amused, and wholly disagreeing expression. 

3. At variance, quarrelling. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. 1. u. ii. (1651) 421 Hard- 
hearted parents, disobedient children, disagreeing brothers. 
1732 BerkeLey Alcifhy. v. § 19 The most contentious, 
quarrelsome, disagreeing crew, that ever appeared. 

4. Of incompatible or prejudicial operation ; un- 
suitable. 

1563 Hy Art Garden. (1593) 90 The Greek writers think 
the Basil so disagreing and contrary to women, that if [etc.]. 
1683 ‘Tryon Way to Health 483 The eating of this .. Food 
becomes offensive to them, ahd disagreeing. 1794 Wotcotr 
(P. Pindar) Row. for Oliver Wks. II. 41 This was a 
puzzling, disagreeing question, Grating like arsenic on his 
host’s digestion. 

Hence + Disagree‘ingly adv. Ods. 

159 Percivat, SA. Dict., Desacordamente, disagree- 
ingly. 

Disagreement (disigr7mént).  [f. DISAGREE 
v. + -MENT, after agreement. Cf. F. désagrément 

desagreement, Oudinot, 1642) anything disagree- 
able, or not to one’s liking.] 

1. Want ‘of agreement or harmony; difference ; 
discordancy, diversity, discrepancy. 

1576 Freminc Panofpl, /pist. 284 As well their words as 
their deedes bee at disagreement. 1699 Bentiey /’had. 154 
‘There’s a seeming disagreement between Diodorus and 
Herodotus. 1737 Wuiston Yosephus, Anti. Diss. ii, ‘he 
apparent disagreement of any command to the moral attri- 
butes of God. @ 1847 Mrs. Surrwoop Lady of Alanor 1. 
vii. 267 Sin is a disagreement or nonconformity of the will 
of any creature with the will of God. 1864 Bowen Logie 
v. 105 The Judgment, guadrupeds are not rational, de- 
termines the relation of disagreement between the two 
‘Terms. 

2. Refusal to agree or assent. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 36 § 1 Any disagreement or 
disassent by the seid Duches .. notwithstandyng. 1642 
Perkins Prof. Bh. i. § 43. 19 Vhe disagreement of the hus- 
band ought to be shewed. 

3. Difference of opinion ; dissent. 

1576 Freminc Panofl. Efpist. 83, I againe with you was 
not at disagreement. 1613 JACKSON Creed 1. 445 note, His 
disagreement from some of his owne profession, 1658 I’. 
at Charac. Enemies Ch, 7 Disagreement in matters of 
faith causeth enmity. 1868 E. Epwarps Aalezeh I. xvii. 
348 Men of very different natures, apart from their utter 
disagreement in religion. 

4. Quarrel, dissension, variance, strife. 

1589 FLEMING Virg. Georg. 11. 34 Disagreement vexing 
brethren faithles and vntrustie. 1626 Mrape in Ellis Orig. 
Lett. Ser. 1. III. 223 There hath been some Disagreement 
at Court between their Majesties, by reason of the French 
Ambassador. 1770 ¥uninus Lett, xxxviii. 190 Is it .. for 
your interest..to live in a perpetual disagreement with 
your people? 1858 Froupr //ist, Eng. I]. xii. 10 The 
occasion of their disagreement being removed, he desired 
to return to the old terms of amity. 

5. Unsuitableness (of food, climate, etc.) to the 
constitution. 

1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. 1. ii. (1853) I. 48 The prob- 
able disagreement of so torrid a climate unto English 
bodies, es 

6. An unpleasantness, a disagreeable condition. 
[F. aésagrément.| rare. 

1778 Gates in Sparks Corr, Amer. Rev. (1853) II. 532 
You would have avoided many disagreements, had it pleased 
you to have accepted that offer. 


a6 


+ 


Disagreer (disagria1). rare. [f. DISaGrEE 2. 
+-ER!.] One who disagrees ; a dissenter. 
a1660 Hammonp Wks, II. 1. 605 (R.) To awe disagreers 


in all matters of faith, 

Disagyse, obs. Sc. f. DISGUISE. 

+Disai'lment. Os. rare. 
Ailment, indisposition. : 

1657 ReEvE Goa’s Plea 256 Without the least disaylment 
or distemper. 

Disala‘rm, v. rare. [Dis- 6 or 72+ ALARM] 
trans. To free or relieve from alarm. 

1617 Sir F, Burpvert in Par, Ded. 1693 Who had taken 
..care that not a syllable should be inserted that could tend 
to disalarm the country. 

Disalike :, see DIs- 10 

+ Disalle'giance. 00s. rave. [f. Dis- 9 + 
ALLEGIANCE.] Contravention of allegiance. 

1641 Laup Ws, (1857) VI. 216 Consider a little with what 
insglency, and perhaps disallegiance, this Lord and his 
roundhead crew would use their Kings. 51* 


[see Dis- 5.] 


DISALLIEGE.. 


Disalliege, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
*alliege, deduced from ALLEGIANCE, under the in- 
fluence of Lizce: cf. prec.] ¢vans. To withdraw 
or alienate from allegiance. 

1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace Wks. (1847) 263/2 By a 
= and hostile peace, to disalliege a whole feudary 

ingdom from the antient dominion of England. 
‘Disallow (disalau-), v. Forms: 4-5 des- 
alowe, 4-6 dis-, 6 dysalowe, dissalow, 6- dis- 
allow. fa. OF. desaloue-r, disalower to blame, 
etc. (in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + alouer ALLOW. 
In med.(Anglo)L. disallocare: see Du Cange.] 
To refuse to ALLow (in various senses). 

+1. “rans. To refuse to laud, praise, or com- 
mend ; to discommend, to blame. See ALLOw I. 1. 

1393 Gower Con/. I. 83 This vice of Inobedience. . he des- 
allowep. c1430 Pilgr, Lyf Manhode ww. xxix. (1869) 191 
Nouht pat I wole blame it ne despeise it ne disalowe it. 
1sro Barctay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) Gj, Both is like 
errour which wise men disalowe. 1573 G. Harvey Letéer- 
bk. (Camden) 7, I praefer Tulli before Caesar in writing 
Latin ; do I therefore disable or disalow Caesar? 1612 T. 
Taytor Comm. Titus iii, 1 According to their care herein 
haue they been commended or disallowed in the Scriptures. 
1656 Cow.ey Prologue to Guardian, Who says the Times 
do Learning disallow? "Tis false; ’twas never Honour'd 
so. as Now. 

2. To refuse to approve or sanction; to disap- 
prove of: see ALLow I. 2. arch. 

1494 Fasyan Chron, vu. 616 Whiche conclucion was after 
disalowyd. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VI/I, c. 46 The auditors 
general..shal haue auctority to. examin thaccomptes..and 
to allowe and disalow all that shal be reasonable. x1gg2 
Bury Wills (1850) 141 Furthermore I denull, disalow, and 
sett att nothing all former wills and testaments which I 
have made. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C, Glaris 436 Though 
they. .do take liberty to.. use. .sports and exercises upon the 
Lords day, yet most of their ministers disallow it. @1745 


Swirt (J.), It was known that the most eminent of those who | 


professed his own principles, publickly disallowed his pro- 
ceedings. 1892 Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 6'2 The auditor also 
disallowed the refreshments the committee had, which .. 
amounted to gs. 64. each. 

+b. zutr. with of. To refuse approval of. Ods. 

1576 FLemMinG Panopl. Epist. 44, L.. might in no wise 
disallow of his doings: for he was very circumspect .. in 
his master’s businesse. 1649 Mitton /vkon, xiv. (1851) 448 
He returnes againe to disallow of that Reformation which 
the Covnant vowes, 1681 CHETHAM Azgler’s Vade-m. 
xxviii. § 3 (168g) 164 Others disallow thereoh 

3. To refuse to accept with approval ; to reject, 
disown. Obs. 

1377 Lancet. P. Pd. B. xiv. 130 For bei [the rich] han her 
hyre here. an heuene as it were .. And whan he deyeth, 
ben disalowed. 1413 Pilger. Sow/e (Caxton) 1. xiii. (1859) 9 
Sithen that he come to yeres of discrecyon, this laboure he 
hath in dede disalowid. 1526-34 ‘Tinpate 1 Pet. ii. 4g A 
livynge stone disalowed of men, but chosen of god and 
precious. 1660 Stantry Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 435/1 [tr. 
Archytas) The fates of young and old together croud, No 
head is disallow'’d By merciless Proserpina. 

+b. zntr. with of. Obs. 

1576 Fieminc Panopl. Epist, 422 Wee ought not .. to 
disalowe of what soever is appointed us by Gods good 
providence. 1595 Suaks. John 1. i. 16 What followes if we 
disallow of this : 

4. Torefuse to accept as reasonable, true, or valid; 
to refuse to admit (intellectually). See ALLow IT. 4. 

€ 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11. 11 Every child is holden for 
to bowe Unto the modir .. Or elles he mot reson desalowe. 
1583 /-xec. for Treason (1675) 37 Who with common reason 
can disallow that her Majesty used her principal Authority? 
ae Ray Dissol, World i1. v. § 3. 135 This whole Hypothesis 
{of Des Cartes] I do utterly disallow and reject. 1778 Miss 
Burney Evelina Ded. (1784) 10 His influence is universally 
disallowed, 1841 Myers Cath. 7h, ut. § 40. 145 By dis- 
allowing any human element .. we are deprived at once of 
much feeling of sympathy with the writers of the Bible. 

5. To refuse to acknowledge or grant (some claim, 
right, or privilege), or to accede to (some request 
or suggestion) ; to reject. 

ar Latimer Serm. §& Rent. (1845) 11, I must not suffer 
the devil to have the victory over me..I must disallow 
his instinctions and suggestions. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 
& P. 275 Use Christian Liberty in respect of Matrimony, 
it being disallowed none but the Vortobeeds, 1786 T. 
— Writ. (1859) II. x To discuss the propriety of 

is charges, and to allow or disallow them as you pleased. 


1841 James Brigand xxii, Your claim upon and is 
al - erage 5 
6. To refuse to allow or permit; to forbid the 


use of, to prohibit. 

1563 Homilies 11. iy Excess Apparel (1859) The 
abuses thereof, which he forbiddeth and disalloweth, 1568 
Form Submission Papists in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. li. 549 
Nor willingly suffer any such .. to offend, whom I ma 
reasonably let, or disallow. a 1600 Hooker (J.), God dot 
in converts, being married, allow i ¢ with infidels, 
and yet disallow that the faithful, when they are free, 
should enter into bonds of wedlock with such, 162r Burton 
Anat. Mel.1.ii. u. iv, He utterly disallowes all hote Bathes 
in melancholy. ax65q4 Setpen Zadle-7'. (Arb.) If he 
disallows a book it must not be brought into the Weta, 
1713 Bentiey Freethinking xi. (R.\, They disallow'd self 
defence, second marriages, and usury. 1831 CoLertpcr 
Table-t, 27 Oct., Advocates, men whose duty it ought to 
be to know what the law allows and disallows. 1854 
Lowett Camb, Thirty Y. Ago Prose Wks. 1890 I. 96 ‘The 
an collar disallowing any independent rotation of the 

ead .. he used to turn his whole person. 

b. Const. with zzfin., or + from and v0l, sb. 

1746 W. Horstey Food (1748) 11. 54 If a poor Barber shall 
be disallowed from taking Money. 1868 Browninc Xing 


402 


§ Bk. v1. 38, I being disallowed to interfere, Meddle, or make 
in a matter none of mine. Pall Mail G. 23 June ae 
A law of the trade which disallowed an employer to take 
more than one apprentice at a time. 

Hence Disallo-wed A//. a., Disullo-wing vé/. sb, 


and ffl. a. 
1377 Lana. P. PZ. B. xiv. 139 Nou3t to fonge bifore . for 
eof disalowynge. cx ARPSFIELD Divorce Hen, VI/I 


ance 195 The public ‘ment of certain universities 
or the disproving and disallowing of his first marriage. 
1637 Gittespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. u. ix. 53 To practise the 
Cer ies, with a doubting and dissalowing conscience. 
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India III. ii. 79 The objection .. was 
founded upon a disallowed assumption. 1884 Pad/ Mail G, 
12 Feb. 11/2 If the House went on voting disallowing 
motions for ever, Mr. Bradlaugh would still be one ahead. 

+ Disallo'wable, «. Ods. [f. Disantow + 
-ABLE.] Not to be allowed or permitted; not to 
be approved or sanctioned. 

1494 FAnyan Chron. vil. 417 With these and many other 
disalowable condicions he was excercysed, which tourned 
hym to great dishonoure. 1576 FLeminG Panofl. Epist. 
280 What judge you of the words which I uttered: were 
they approvable, or were they disalowable? 1678 R. 
L’Estrance Seneca’s Mor. (1702) 474 Our Passions are 
nothing else but certain Disallowable Motions of the Mind. 
1716 Br. Smacripce 1st Charge 2t Which though not 
wholly unlawful, nor in the laity disallowable, yet in the 
clergy are of evil fame. F f 

Hence + Disallo‘wableness, the quality of being 
disallowable. 

1727 in Batcey, vol. II. 

Lisallowance (disalau‘ans). [f. Disantow 
+-ANCE.] The action of disallowing; refusal to 
sanction, admit, or permit; disapproval, rejection, 
prohibition. 


- 1565 in Parker's Corr. (1853) 267 We have consulted how 


to proceed, whereby we may have your allowance or dis- 
allowance. 1585-7 I’. Rocrrs 39 A7t. (1607) 206 vote, The 
approbation or disallowance of a general assembly... should 
be a matter and cause spiritual. 1631 GouGr God's Arrows 
iii, § 14. 211 Centurions .. are commended .. without any 
reproofe or dis-allowance of their warlike profession. 1733 
Neat Hist. Purit. 11. 559 They declare their disallowance 
of all seditious libels. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xxi. IT. 180 This 
disallowance of the historical personality of Homer. 1883 
A. H. ve Coryar in Rep Co. Crt. Cases Pref. 11 note, The 
Rules of the Supreme Court .. come into operation on fhe 
24th October next, subject to disallowance by Parliament. 

+b. Aus. Something disallowed or forbidden 
by rule; an irregularity. Obs. 

I Morey /ntrod,. Mus. 16 The.. allowances and 
disallowances in the composition of foure parts. 1674 
Prayrorp Skill Mus. 1. 37 The last disallowance .. is 
when the upper part stands, and the lower part falls from 
a lesser third to a fifth. 1789 Burney Hist. Mus. II. viii. 
527 An excellent composition might now be produced 
merely from ancient disallowances. 1854 J. W. Moore 
Compl. Cycl. Music, Disallowance, A term applied to an 
anomalous formation, or succession of chords. Two succeed- 
ing eighths, or two consecutive perfect fifths, in the same 
direction, constitute a disadlowance. 


Disallow'er. [f. Disattow + -ER!.] One 
who disallows, or refuses to sanction. 

1672 H. More Brief Reply 74 Himself was an Opposer 
and disallower of that fond and Idolatrous Superstition, 

Disallowment. (disilawnént). rare. [f. as 
prec.+-MENT.] The action or fact of disallowing. 

1884 J. H. M°Cartny Eng. under Gladstone xiv, - The 
disallowment roused a strong display of public feeling in 
all the Australian colonies. 

Disally (disaloi-), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + ALLY v.] 
trans. To free from alliance or union. 

1671 Mitton Santson 1022 Nor both so loosely disallied 
Their nuptials. x Swinsurne Atalanta jor Disallied 
From breath or bl corruptible. 

+ Disa'lter, v. Ols. rare". [f. Dis- 5 + ALTER 
v.] trans. To alter or change for the worse. 

1 Fenton Guicciard. vu. (1599) 281 No other thing 
had Siesluaesd the people, but the pride of the gentlemen, 

+ Disaltern, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis -5 +L. 
alternare to change from one thing to another.] 
trans. To alter or change for the worse: cf, prec. 

1635 Quar.es Emi. 1m. iv, O wilt thou disaltern rest 
thou gav'st? 

Disamay, obs. var. of Dismay. 

Disamis (disimis). Zaogic. The mnemonic 
term (introduced by Petrus cee, ¢ 1250) de- 
5,“ the second mood of the third figure of 
syllogisms, in which the major premiss is a parti- 
cular affirmative (7), the minor a. universal affir- 


- mative (@), and the conclusion a particular affirma- 


tive (2). 

The initial letter @ shows that the mood can be reduced 
to Darii, by simple conversion of the major, transposition 
of the premisses, and simple conversion of the conclusion, 
as indicated by the letters s, », s, following the three 
vowels, 

15s T. WiLson Logike (1580) 30 The third figure .. This 
argument is reduced to Darti .. Di. Mercie onely forgiveth 
synnes. sa. All mercie is purchased by faithe; _ - 
fore by faith ay forgivenes is obteined. 1624 De Lawne 
tr. Du Moulin's Logick 144, 1891 Wevton Logic I. 1. iii. 
§ 136 Disamis..As example we may give: ‘Some pronouns 
in En ish are inflected; all such pronouns are words of 
Englis' igin; therefore, some words of English origin 
are inflected’, /é/d., As an / proposition can be simply 
converted, it is a matter of very small moment whether an 
argument is expressed in D/saweis or in Datisé, 


matize: see Dis- 6, 


DISANNEX. 


+ Disana* a. Obs. [Dis- 10.] =next, 

1676-7 nniegnl. 2 Il. Works of (R.), That 
price x which we have in which is utter] 
unsuitable and disanalogal to that knowledge, which is in God. 

f (disinzelogas), a. [D1s- 10.] 
Having no analogy. 

1816 TINGE Trav. (1817) II. 174 The words .. have 
their ordinary denominations in an idiom totally disanal- 

‘ous to what they have with us. 

“} Disana* . Obs. rare. [D1s-9.] Want of 
analogy ; a condition the reverse of analogous. 

1610 W. Forkincuam Art of Survey Pref. Verse 15 For 
Dis-analogies strange, strained, rude, Nor Deuiations 
curious-ill-scande. Cart. A. Mervin in Rushw. //is¢. 
Coll, 111. (1692) I. 218 re first I observe the disanalogy. 

Bisanchor (disenke1), v. Also 5-7 dis-, 
dysa(u)ncre, 6-7 disan(c)kar, -er. [a. OF. 
desancre-r, f. des-, D1s- 4 + ancrer to ANCHOR, f. 
ancre ANCHOR sb.!] 

1. ¢vans. To loosen (a ship) from its anchorage ; 
to weigh the anchor of. 

©1477 Caxton Yason 56 Thene the good patrone .. dis- 
ancred the noble shippe and went again to the see. 1481 
— Godfrey 189 They shold disancre theyr shi and flee. 
1600 Hottanp Livy xxx. vii. 776 After he is disankered 
once .. & under saile from Corinth. 1 Heywoop Brit. 
bad v. xxxix, 116 Sixe Gallies they Disanker from the 

sie, fe 

jig. _—_ Cartyte in ¥. W. Carlyle's Lett. (1883) LU. 
346 note, Miserable feature of London life, needing to be 
dis-anchored every year, to be made comparatively a 
nomadic, quasi-Calmuck life. : . 

2. znir. To weigh anchor: said of a ship or its 
crew. 

a1470 Tietort Cesar iii, (1530) 3 He a & de- 
parted about thre of the dace: 1477 Caxton Yason 38 
She went to the ship that sholde disancre for to go to 
Athenes. 1595 Drake Moy. (Hakluyt Soc.) 9 The enemie 
labored to cause us todisankar. a 1656 UssHer An. (1658) 
644 [They] were commanded .. to disanchor, and to depart 
from those places. 18.. Sourney (F. Hall). 

Hence Disa nchoring v//. sb. 

1851 CariyLe Ster/ing u. vi. (1872) 138 We need not 
dwell at too much length on the foreign journeys, dis- 
anchorings, and nomadic vicissitudes of household, which 
occupy his few remaining years. 

+ Dis elical, a. Ots. [D1s- 10.] Not 
angelical ; the reverse of angelical. 

a 1687 H. More in Norris 7heory of Love (1688) 191 It 
were a thing Disangelical, if I may so speak, and undivine. 
1736 H. Coventry /’hilemon to Hyd. u. (T.), The opinion 
of that learned casuist..who accounts for the shame attend- 


ing these pleasures of the sixth sense, as he és p! to 
call them, from their disangelical nature. 
Disangularize, v.: see Dis- 6. 
Disanimal, v.: see Dis- 7 b. 
+ Disanimate, 2. Oés. rare. [f Dis-10 + 


ANIMATE a.] Deprived of life; inanimate. 

1681 P. Rycaut Critick 228 They saw.. many disanimate 
Bodies. ; 

Tisanimate (dise'nime't), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
ANIMATE v., prob. after F. désanimer (15-16th c. in 
Godef. Supp | 

1. ¢rans. To deprive of life, render lifeless, 

1646 Sik 'T. Browne send. Ep. 1. vii. 196 In carcasses 
warme and bodies newly disanimated, Cupwortn 
Intell. Syst. 38 Vhat Soul and Life that is now fled and fone: 
from a lifeless Carcase, is only a loss to that particular Body 
or Compages of Matter, which by means th is now dis. 
animated. 1833 [see Disanim ATED below]. : 

2. To deprive of spirit, courage, or vigour; to 
discourage, dispirit, dishearten. 

1583 StunpEes Anat. Adus. 11. (1882) 39 [They] also rather 

3 , than disani: them to p Pa bem wicked- 
nes. xsgr SHaxs. 1 //en. VJ, m1. i, 183. Sm T. 
Hersert 7yvav, (ed. 2) 183 Yet the sublime height did not 
disanimate us. 1702 C. Marner Magn. Chr. vu. App. (1852) 
604 The garrisons were so disanimated at thes sters. 
1791-1814 [see "DisanimATING below]. 

Ience Disa‘nimated f//. a,; Disanimating 
vbl. sb, and tel. a, 

1624 Carr. Smitu Virginia m. xii. 94 After the expence 

of fifteene yeares more..grow they disanimated, 
Lp, Orrery Art of War 199 May it not be a greater 
Disanimating of the Soldiery? | 279r E. Darwin Bot, 
Gard, 1. ho. .stay Despair’s disanimating sigh. 1814 
Soutury Roderick xvin. 83 From whence disanimating 
fear had driven The former primate. Lame Elia Ser. 
u. Product, Mod. Art, (The Dryad] linked to her own con- 
natural tree, co-twisting with its limbs her own till both 
seemed either—these animated b 3 those disani d 
members. 

Disa:nima‘tion. [n. of action f. DisanimaTE 
v.] The action of disanimating: a. Privation 
of life. b.- Discouragement, disheartening. 

1646 Sir T, Browne Psend, Ef. ui. x. 128 Affections 
which depend on life, and depart upon disanimation. /di¢. 
mt. xxv. 178 A Glow-worme will afford a faint light, almost 
a dayes space when many will conceive it dead ; but this is 


_a mistake in the compute of death, and terme of disanima- 


tion. Wesster, Disanimation, the act of discourag- 
ing; depression of spirits. 

ex (disineks), v. Also 5 disanex. 
[a. OF. desannexe-r (1475 in Godef.): see Dis- 1 
and ANNEX.] /rans. To separate (that which is 
annexed) ; to disjoin, disunite. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 34 Preamb., The same. . Here- 
ditamentes shuld be .. sep ed and di d from 
the Duchie of Cornwall. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 190b, The 
feoffor di the ad from the manor, 


DISANNEXATION. 


without deed. 1719 T. Gorpvon Cordial for Low Spirits 
1. 270 [It] became part of the English Dominions .. and 
could not be disannexed but by Act of Parliament. 1869 
Echo 9 Mar., The object of the Bill was to disannex from 
the Provostship of the College [Oriel] a canonry of Rochester 
and a valuable rectory, which now formed part .of the en- 
dowment. 

Hence Disanne‘xing w0/. sd. 

1831 CoLeripce 7abde-t. 17 Dec., The disannexing and 
independence of Ireland. ; ; 

Disannexation (diseenéksé-fan). [f Disan- 
NEX, after annexation.] The action of disannex- 
ing; separation (of something annexed), 

1884 a Rev. July 148 ote, The idea of the disannexation 
of the Transkei has been abandoned. 1885 Lavy Herbert 
tr. Lagrange’s Dupanloup 11. 130 Ceaseless fears of an- 
nexation and disannexation, 

Disannul (disinvl), v. Also 5-6 dys-, 5-8 
canull. [f. Dis- 5 + ANNUL v. Cf. the parallel 
forms DISNULL, DENULL.] 

1. ¢rans. To cancel and do away with; to make 
null and void, bring to nothing, abolish, annul. 

1494 Fasyan Chron, vit. 347 He laboured that he myght 
do dysanull y¢ former ordenaunces and statutes, and to cause 
them to be broken. 1526 TinpaLe Jats. v. 17 Ye shall not 
thinke that I am come to disanull the lawe. 1535 Cover- 
DALE Yob xl. 3 Wilt thou disanulle my judgment? 1590 
Suaxs, Com. Err. 1. i. 145 Our Lawes .. Which Princes, 
would cage | may not disanull. 1634 Canne WVecess. Separ. 
(1849) 52 he whole action is disannulled and made void. 
1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 44 They endeavour to evacuate 
and disannul our great Argument. 1745 in Col. Rec. Penn- 
sylv. 1V. 775 To disanull the Engagements and destroy the 
Amity subsisting between them. 1849 Miss Mutock Ogit- 
vies xiv, A solemn troth-plight, whisk .. no earthly power 
ought ever to disannul. 

2. To deprive by the annulment of one’s title ; 
Jig. to do out of. Const. from, of. Obs. 

1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 79 Soo by that they be 
ayechergyd and dyssanullyd from alle maner of inherrytans 
re) the imperialle crowne. 1604 ‘I. M. Black Lk. Biv b, Are 
we disanuld of our first sleepe, and cheated of our dreames 
and fantasies? 1613 Answ. Uncasing Machivil’s Instr. 
Eij, That will. .disanul thee of thy quiet rest. 

Hence Disannw'lling v#/. sd. ; also Disannu1- 
ler, one who disannuls; Disannu‘lment, the fact 
of disannulling. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 337 The disanulling 

, ofall gold and silver coine, and the appointing of yron monie 
onely to be currant. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 65 
If any thing were done by them that was absolutely good, 
it was the disannulling of the impost of salt. 1611 Corcr., 
Nullité, a nullitie, annihilation, disannulment. _a@1625 
Fiercuer Woman’s Prize u.v, In which business Two of 
the disanullers lost their night-caps. 1755 Jounson, Disan- 
nulment. 1792 G. WasuinctTon Let, Writ, 1891 XII. 157 The 
right of disannulling is reserved to the government. 1818 
Coresrooxe Treat, Obligations 1, 101 He is debarred from 
:. insisting on the delay as a disannulment of it. 1882 
Standard 23 Dec. 1/2, I agree to the disannulment of our 
engagement on certain conditions 

anoint (disanoi‘nt),v. [f.D1s-6 + Anorn?.] 
trans. To undo the anointing or consecration of. 
Hence Disanoi‘nted, Disanoi‘nting A//. adjs. 

1648 Mitton Tenure Kings (1649) 2 They have. .bandied 
and borne armes against their King, devested him, dis- 
anointed him. 1820 Keats Hyferion u. 98 For Fate Had 
pour’d a mortal oil upon his head, A disanointing poison. 
1867 Trencu Shipwrecks Faith 47 There is something un- 
utterably pathetic in that yearning of the disanointed King 
[Saul]. 1871 SwinsurXe Songs bef. Sunrise, Halt bef. Rome 
175 His blessings, as other men’s curses Disanoint where 

ey consecrate Kings. 

Disanswerable a.: sce D1s- 1o. 

Eaeenape el, v. Obs. [f.D1s-6 + APPARELY.: 
perhaps after F. désapparetller (11th c. in Littré) 
ef. Sp. desaparejar to unharness, unrig, Pg. des- 
aparelhar to unrig, wnmast.] ¢vans. To deprive 
of apparel ; to disrobe, undress. Also fig. 

-_ Sipney Arcadia 11. 336 Zelmane disapparelling her- 
self. 1627-77 Feituam Resolves 1. Ixxxiv. 128 The Cup is 
the betrayer of the mind, and does disapparel the soul. 
@1649 Drumm. or Hawru. Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 11 
Every day we rise and lie down, apparel and disappare 
our selves, weary our bodies and refresh them. 1652 Ben- 
Lowes 7heoph. xu. c. 249 Thus entertain we death, as 
friend To disapparel us for Glories endlesse end. 

b. intr. for vefl. Cf. undress. 

1655 H. VauGuan Svlex Scint. 1. (1858) 51 I’le disapparell, 
and to buy But one half glaunce most gladly dye. 

+Disapparition. 0s. rare. [f. Dis- 9+ 
APPARITION ; after désappear.]_ = DISAPPEARANCE. 

1790 Herscuet in Phil. Trans. LX XX. 479 Its diSap- 
Parition in general, and in my telescopes its faintness when 
turned ed, ys, are in no favourable to this idea. 
1796 W. Taytor in Robberds Aen. I. 97 The still dis- 
ee of the tumult and bustle. 

isappear (disapies), v. Forms: 6 disapere, 
7 disappeer, -appeare, 7— disappear. [f. D1s- 6 
+ APPEAR v., after F, disparaitre, disparaiss-, of 

_ which the earlier direct reprs. were DispanisH and 
DISPEAR, q.v. 

(In Palsgr., but app. not in common use before 17th c. 
Not in Shaks., nor in Bible of 1611.)] eet 

1. intr. To cease to appear or be visible; to 
vanish from sight. The reverse of APPEAR. 

1530 PatsGr. 517/1 The vysion disapered incontynent. 
1623 CockERAM, ie are, to vanish out of sight. 1647 
Crarenpon Hist. Red. I. (1843) 17/2 There appeared to him, 
on the side of his bed, a man .: after this discourse he dis- 
Gppeared. 1665 Sir T, Herpert 77av. (1677) 388 When 


403 


the Sun is deprest and disappearing. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 
vill. 478 She disappeerd, and left me dark, I wak’d To find 
her, or for ever to deplore Her loss. a1704 Locke (J.), 
The pictures drawn in our minds are laid in fading colours, 
and, if not sometimes refreshed, vanish and disa ppear. 
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 271 ‘The Cloud upon my Wife's 
Face began to disappear by degrees. 1860 TyNDALL Glac.1. 
xxvii, 212, I saw the leader sink and suddenly disappear, 

b. Of a line or thing extended in space, which 
ends by gradually ceasing to be distinguishable, 
or ‘dies away’ by blending with something else ; 
to be traceable no farther. 

7753, Hocartu Axa. Beauty 9 Its opposite thread is lost, 
and disappears on the other, 1860 ‘I'yNpaLt Glac. 1. ix. 63 
A moraine .. disappearing at the summit of the cascade. 
Mod. (Entomol.) A species of moth with a particular line 
disappearing at the subcostal vein. 

2. To cease to be present, to depart; to pass from 
existence, pass away, be lost. 

1665 Hooke Microgr. 98 If. .the surface has been long ex- 
pos’d .. these small caverns are fill’d with dust, and dis- 
appear. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 814 As duly as the swallows 
disappear. 1874 Mortey Comprontise (1886) 235 A species of 
plant or animal disappears in face of a better adapted species. 
1884 Gustarson Found. Death i. (ed. 3) 13 ‘The works of 
the few writers of antiquity who ventured to’treat of these 
mysteries. . have tracelessly disappeared. 

b. of things immaterial. 

@1700 DrypeEN (J.), When the night and winter disappear, 
The purple morning rising with the year, Salutes the Spring. 
1809-10 CoLerIDGE /*réend (1865) 38 I ffects will not, indeed, 
immediately disappear with their causes. 1862 H. Spencer 
First Princ, . 1. § 26 (1875) 91 Our conception of the 
Relative itself disappears, if our conception of the Absolute 
is a pure negation. 1893 H’eekly No/es 83/2 ‘Vhe distinction 
between meritorious and non-meritorious creditors had dis- 
appeared, 

Disappearance (disapirins), [f. Disarrear 
v. + -ANCE, after afpearance.] The action of dis- 
appearing ; passing away from sight or observation; 
vanishing. 

1712 AppIson Sfect. No. 317 ? 2 Not likely to be remem- 
bred a Moment after their Disappearance. 1794 S. WiL- 
LiAMS Vermont 115 ‘The usual times of the appearance and 
disappearance of these birds. 1847 Emerson Repr. Alen, 
Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 352 Let a man learn .. to bear 
the disappearance of things he was wont to reverence, with- 
out losing his reverence. 1856 StanLey S7nai §& Pad. viii. 
(1858) 328 The sudden appearances and disappearances, 
which baffled all the zeal of his enemies. 1871 Mortry 
Voltaire (1886) 351 The final disappearance of many ideas 
which foster anti-social tendencies. 

Disappearer (disipiera1), [f. Disaprear + 
-ER1,] One who disappears or vanishes. 

1882 NV. Y. Tribune 14 June, Prickly comfrey, which .. 
was going to do such great things for our agriculture, seems 
to have joined the mysterious disappearers. 1889 Daily 
News 8 Oct. 5/1 The learned Feithius, who ‘chanced to 
pop his head into a fuller’s shop’ and never came out again, 
was a model of a disappearer. 

Disappea‘ring, 22/. 5d. [f. as prec. + -1NG1,] 
The action of the verb to DIsApprar. 

1611 Cotcr., Disfaroissance, a disappearing, or vanishing 
out of sight. 1662S. P. Acc. Latitude Men in Phenix 11. 
514 The appearing of new Stars and disappearing of old. 
1726 Adv. Capt, R. Boyle 285 All the Discourse was of 
Don Roderigo’s sudden disappearing. 1807 T. THomMsoN 
Chem. Il, 115 It is impossible ..to account for the dis- 
appearing of the two gases, or the appearance of the water, 
without admitting that this liquid is actually composed of 
oxygen and hydrogen. 

Disappearing, ppl.a. [f. as prec. +-ING 2.] 
That disappears or passes out of sight. 

1886 Daily News 9 Nov. 2/7 The defendant .. performed 
the trick with his daughter as the disappearing lady. 1887 
Fortn. Rev. Nov. (Brit. Army), We are behindhand .. 
in disappearing guns, in cupolas and shields, and in sub- 
marine mining. 1891 Daily News 7 Oct. 5/3 Witnessing 
target practice with the so-called disappearing gun..The 
gun is hoisted for firing, and immediately upon the discharge 
alls back into position. 

+ Disappendancy,-ency. Os. vare—'. [f. 
Dis- 9 + APPENDANCY.] Law. The condition or 
quality of being disappendant ; an instance of this. 

1760 Burn Eccles, Law (1767) I. 6 (Jod.) A disappendency 
may be also temporary. 

+ Disappe‘ndant, -ent,. Os. [f. Dis- 10 
+ APPENDANT.] Law. The opposite of APPEN- 
DANT; detached from being an appendancy. 

1642 Perkins Prof. Bh. v. § 436. 188 If the Baylywick or 
faire be disappendant in fee from the Manour. 1760 Burn 
Eccles. Law (1767) 1. 7 (Jod.) The advowson is made dis- 
appendent. 

Disappoint (disdpoint), v. Also 5-6 dis- 
apoynte, 6 disapoincte, -apoint, -apoynt, -ap- 
poynte, dys-. [ad. F. désappointer (14th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), f. des- (Dis- 4) + appointer to Ap- 
point. See also Dispoint.] 

1. trans. To undo the appointment of ; to deprive 
of an appointment, office, or possession; to dis- 
possess, deprive. Ods. (exc. as nonce-wd.) 

[1489 see Disrornt.] 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 
1, 582 A monarch..hath power..to appoint or to disappoint 
the greatest officers. 1824 Byron ¥uan xvi. xxv, He would 
keep it Till duly disay ted or dismiss’d. 1869 SpuRGEON 
Treas. Dav, Ps. xi. 6 God’s Anointed is appointed, and shall 
not be disappointed. . 

2. To frustrate the expectation or desire of (a 
person) ; to defeat, balk, or deceive in fulfilment. of 
desire. Const. + of, 27, with. 


| 


DISAPPOINTING. 


1494 FapyAn Chron. vu. ccxxxiv. 270 He, contrary his 
promyse, dyd disapoynte them, and nothynge ayded ‘them. 
1555 WatTREMAN Vardle Facious Ded. 4 Neuer disapointed 
of honourable successe. 1697 Porter Antig. Greece U. ii. 
(1715) 183 [They] were miserably disappointed of their ex- 
pectations. 1749 Fie.pinc You Fones x. iii, Disappointed 
in the ‘woman whom .. he had mistaken for his wile 1821 
SHettey Prometh. Unb, ut. iv. 128, I .. first was disap- 

jointed not to see Such mighty change as I had felt within 
Expremed in outward things. 1839 ‘I’. Beate Na/. /ist. 
Sperm Whale 204, 1 was much disappointed with its ap- 
pearance. Mod. 1 should be sorry to disappoint you. If 
they rely on him, he will be sure to disappoint them. 

+b. To defeat (of action, effort, etc.). Obs. 

1582 N. LicHerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. \xv. 
132 Howbeit to disappoint them of their suttle dealing. 1587 
Gotpinc De Mornay x. (1617) 149 ‘The Adamant or Lode- 
stone .. is disappointed of his force by Garlicke. 

+38. To break off (what has been appointed or 
fixed); to fail to keep or comply with (an en- 
gagement) ; to fail to fulfil an appointment with (a 
person). Cf. APPoInT v. 3. Obs. 

1530 Patscr. 517/1, I disapoynte, I breake a poyntement 
with a person. . 1842 Henry VIII Declar. Scots 193 The 
..metyng was not onely disappoynted, but .. an inuasion 
made .. into our realme. 1881 ) ork Bakers’ Guild § 39 in 
Archvol. Rev. (1888) May, If any jurneyman .. dothe 
promise anie maister to come and Helps him to bake at 
tyme appointed, and .. go to an other to worke, and dis- 
apoint the maister. 1633 Br. Hatt //ard Texts, N. 7. 363 
So as to put off and disappoint the day which he had set. 

4. ‘To undo or frustrate anything appointed or 
determined; to defeat the realization or fulfilment of 
(plans, purposes, intentions) ; to balk, foil, thwart 
(anticipations, hopes, etc,). 

1579 lomson Calvin's Seri. Tint. 99/2 Not yt any mortall 
men can disappoint that which God hath established from 
heauen. 1611 Bipie /’7ov. xv. 22 Without counsell, pur- 
poses are disappointed. 1689 C. Hatton in //. Corr. (1878) 
IL. 133 Y¢ fatall resolution. .hath disapointed y* delivery of 
y' letter. 1715-20 Pore /éiad vit. 304 ‘The wary Trojan 
shrinks, and, bending low Beneath his buckler, disappoints 
the blow, 1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to Lady Rich 
16 Mar., I can answer without disappointing your expec- 
tations. 1818 Cruisk Digest (ed. 2) Il. 433 On purpose 
that the testator’s intention should be wholly frustrated, 
and that the tenant for life should be under a temptation 
to disappoint the will. 1832 Hr. Martineau /fomes Abroad 
ix, The junction of penal with voluntary emigration tends. . 
to disappoint the purposes of the one, and to extinguish 
the benefits of the other. 1855 Macaucay //ist. Eng. 
165 ‘This ambitious hope Louvois was bent on disappointing. 
1873 F. Hatt in Scvidner’s Mag. V1. 466/2 Nor is this ex- 
pectation frequently disappointed. 

To undo, destroy, overthrow. Ods. 

161x Cotcr., Deshraguer, to vnplant, or dismount artil- 
lerie; to wry, or disappoint the leuell thereof. 1633 Br. 
Hai Hard Texts 311 All those curious and wealthy ‘Trades 
of them who worke in fine flaxe .. Shall be utterly undone 
and disappointed. 1709 SteeLe Vater No. 135 ?1 They 
endeavour to disappoint the good works of the most learned 
..of men. 1712 tr. Pomet’s Hist. Drugs 1, 26 Disappointing 
all the ill Effects of the Viperine poison. 

+ 5. To appoint, equip, or accoutre improperly. 
Cf. Appoint 15. Ods. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay i. 7 In painting thy Pictures 
thou doest not so disapoint thy selfe. 

+ Disappoint, sb. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] 
The act of disappointing ; disappointment. 

1642 Rocers Naaman 267 The more desirable the object, 
the greater the disappoint. @ 1656 Br. Hair Soliliguies 45 
There is nothing more troublesome in human Society than 
the disappoint of trust and failing of friends. 

+ Disappoi'ntable, ¢. Obs. rave—°. [f. Dis- 
APPOINT V. + -ABLE.] Liable to be deprived of 


office, etc. 

1611 Corcr., Destituadle, destituable, disappointable. 

Disappoi‘nted, 7//. a. [f. as prec. + -ED !.] 

1. Having one’s anticipations frustrated ; foiled, 
thwarted. 

1552 HuLoet, Disapoynted, /rustratus. 1744 R. Lippe. 
Let. to Lady Denbigh 10 May in 8th Rep. Hist. MSS. 
Comm., The disappointed people who were invited have 
lost their dance. 1781 Gispon Decé. §& /. II. 107 The dis- 
appointed monarch .. was thrice repulsed with loss and 
ignominy. 1861 Gro. Exior Silas JM. 10 The anguish of 
disappointed faith. A 

. Improperly appointed, equipped, or fitted 
out; unfurnished, unprepared. Oés. 

1602 SuHaks. Ham. 1. v. 77 Cut off euen in the Blossomes 
of my Sinne, Vnhouzzled, disappointed, vnnaneld. a 1659 
CLEVELAND Sing-song xxxv, The Bridegroom in at last did 
rustle, All disappointed in the Bustle, The Maidens had 
shav’d his Breeches. ‘ ; ; 

Hence Disappoi'ntedly adv., in a disappointed 
manner. 

1880 Mrs. Burnetr Louisiana 12, I would rather have 
‘ Louise’, she said, disappointedly. 

Disappoi‘nter. [f. as prec. +-rR!.] One who 
or that which disappoints. 

1812 Leich Hunt in Examiner 14 Dec. 786/2 He is not 
the disappointer of hopes. i 1820 lbid. No. 616. 66/1 Royal 


P and pro 

Disappointing, vbl, sb. [f. as prec. + -ING1.] 
The action of the vb, Disappoint; disappointment. 

1580 Hottysanp 7veas. Fr. Tong, Destitution & Delais- 
sement, destituting or disappointing. 1643 Mitton Divorce 
iii, (1851) 26 The isappointing of an impetuous nerve. 

Disappointing, ///.a. [f.as prec. + -1NG?.] 
That disappoints ; that belies hope or expectation. 

1530 Patscr. 310/1t Disapoyntyng, /rustrati~, 1836 Kester - 
in Lyra A post, (1849) 199 Vain Cones oe ! 1884 

-2 


DISAPPOINTMENT. 


Fortn. Rev. June 812 The sons of Jacob were ...a disap- 
pointing set of young men. 

Hence Disappoi‘ntingly adv., in a disappoint- 
ing manner. Disappoi‘ntingness, disappointing 
quality. 

Pali Mall G. 25 Aug. 5/1 [Apparatus] disappoint- 
ingly useless. 1874 L. SrerHEN Hours in Library {x8g2) 
I, x. 371 The light verses and essays .. are disappointingly 
weak. 1887 Cueyne ob § Solomon vi, The main point 
for us to emph is the disappointing of the events 
of the epilogue regarded as the final outcome of Job’s 
spiritual discipline. 

Disappointment (disipointmént). [f. Dis- 
APPOINT V. + -MENT: cf. F. désappointement (14- 
15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.); also DisPoINTMENT.] 

. The fact of disappointing; the frustration or 
non-fulfilment of ex tion, intention, or desire. 

1614 Raveicn Hist. World w. v. § 11 (R.) Such disap- 
pointment of expectation doth much abate the courage of 
men in fight. 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1692) 1.25 Not that 
which the World understands 


by Disappointment, the not | 


compassing what you design’d .. but the not enjoying what | 


ou have compassed, the ser ioc at of Fruition. 1700 
Tyree Hist. Eng. 11, 1107 Penalties. .for the disappoint- 
ment of the Lord by his Ward's marrying himself without 
his consent. 1794 S. WiLtiams Vermont 139 All the pros- 
pects of success and disappointment. 1860 aba: Glac. 
ul. ix. 271 Severe labour and frequent disappointment had 
taught observers the true conditions of success. 

b. with a. and f/. An instance of this. 

1614 Br. Hari Recoll, Treat. 935 Lest .. he .. should 
want means of speedy thankesgiving for so gratious a dis- 
appointment; beholde a Ram stands ready for the sacrifice. 
1752 JoHNSoN Rambler No. 196 P 4 Hope will predominate 
in every mind, till it has beey suppressed by frequent dis- 
appointments. 1866 Gro. Exior /. Holt (1868) 23 She saw 
clearly that the meeting with the son had been a disap- 
pointment in some way. 

2. The state or condition of being disappointed, 
with its resulting feeling of dejection. 

1756 Burke Sud. & B.1. v, If pleasure be abruptly broken 
off, there ensues an uneasy sense called disappointment. 
1822 Lams £/ia Ser. 1. Detached Th. on Bhs., Newspapers 
always excite curiosity. No-one ever lays one down with- 
out a feeling of disappointment. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 
(1858) I. ii. 118 The disappointment was intense in propor- 
tion to the interests which were at issue. 

3. ellipt. A cause of disappointment ; a thing or 
person that disappoints. 

1765 Cowper Lett. 1 Aug., One who has been a disappoint- 
ment and a vexation to them ever since he has been of con- 
sequence enough to be either. 1843 Miss Mitrorp in 
L'Estrange Life III. x. 177 Bath is a disappointment— 
monotonous, bald, poor, and dead. 

Disappreciate (disapr7‘fijit), v. [f. Dis- 6 
+ APPRECIATE.] ¢vans. To regard with the reverse 
of appreciation; to undervalue. 

1828 in WessTER}; whence in mod. Dicts. 

So Disapprecia‘tion, the reverse of appreciation. 

Disapprobation (disceprobé'fan).  [f- Dis- 9 
+ APPROBATION, after disapprove : so mod.F, dés- 
approbation (18th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action 
or fact of disapproving ; the feeling or utterance of 
moral condemnation ; disapproval. 

1647 CLarenpon Hist. Reb. v. (1843) 217/2 Which im- 


404 


priating of the Rectory gt gee to ange 1765 BLAck- 
t dissoluti ies . 


DISARM. 
| of the place, and sai): the aproned or disaproned Burghers 


STONE Commt. I. 386 Al 5 
the appropriations of the Ip wes, which belongéd 
to those respective =o houses .. would have been by 
the rules of the common law di jated. 1798 BentHam 
Let. to Pole Carew 16 Aug. Wks. (1838-1843) X. 325 If the 
portion of revenue at present appropriated..was to be dis- 
appropriated. 

+2. To render (a thing) no longer the private 
pro; or ion of any one. Obs. rare—'. 

1645 Mitton 7etrach. (1851) 186 To assist nature in dis- 
appropriating that evil which by continuii b 


destructive. 
Disa; pria‘tion. [n. of action, f. prec. : 
‘sappropriation (17th c.).] The action of 


ch. 
rendering disappropriate. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Appropriation, To dissolve 
an appropriation, it is enough to present a clerk to the bishop, 
and he to institute and induct him: for that once-done, the 
benefice returns to its former nature. This is called disap- 
propriation. 

Disapprovable (disipri-vab’l), a. [f. Dis- 
APPROVE ¥., after APPROVABLE.] To be disap- 
proved of ; worthy of disapproval. 

1657 ToMLINeoN Renou's —_ 554 That manner wherein 
the Cassia is so long cocted, is disapproveable. 
M’Cosu Scott. Philos. xii. 101 Distinguishing good an 
approvable actions from bad and disapprovable ones. 

Disapproval (disapr#-val). [f. Disarprove 
v., after APPROVAL.] The action or fact of dis- 
approving; moral condemnation of what is con- 
sidered wrong ; disapprobation. 

1662 Giaxvit, Lux Orient. iv. (R.), There being not a 
word let fall from them in disapproval of that opinion. 1818 
Topp, Disapprovadl, a word, like approval not common, but 
which has been used, I think, in modern times, for disap- 
probation, 1856 Frouve //ist. Eng. 1. 173'The disapproval 
with which good men regard acts of sin. 1874 Green Short 
Hist. vi. § 6. 336 His silent disapproval was more telling 
than the opposition of obscurer foes. 

Disapprove (disaprazv’, v. [prob. a. OF. 
*desaprove-r, mod.¥. d/sapprouve-r to disapprove, 
f. des-, Di8- 4 + aprover, approuver to APPROVE. 
Our earliest quot. however is earlier than the first 
recorded in Hatz.-Darm. (1535).] 

+1. trans. To prove to be untrue or wrong; to 
Disprove. Ods. 

1481 Caxton 7ully’s Friendship, Orat. G. Flaminius ¥ ja, 
The vulgar oppynyon..I holde it ful easy to disapprove syth 
it is so full of errours. 1540 CoverDALE Confut. Standish 
Wks. II. 378 Sundry places of scripture, the circumstances 
whereof doth utterly disapprove your doctrine. 1607 Tor- 
SELL Serpents (1658) 723 Such like vanities have the ancient 
Heathens .. firmly believed, till .. experience disapproved 
their inventions. 1760-72 tr. Fuan & Ulloa's Voy. big 3) 
1. Pref. 9 Things not thoroughly proved, or absolutely dis- 
approved ; but which are reserved for further examination. 
1793 Mrs. Parsons Mem. Mrs. Menville 1V. 15 My conduct 


| shall disapprove her malicious conjectures. 


plied a disapprobation, at least, if not a contempt of their | 


carriage towards him. 1693 Lond. Gaz, No. 3843/t The 
Pope has declared .. his Dis-approbation of his Imperial 
Majesties having Erected a Ninth Electorate. 1792 Anecd. 


W. Pitt 1. xx. 323 His Majesty betrayed some signs of | 


disapprobation. © 1831 Scorr Cast. Dang. vii, A murmur 
of disapprobation ran through the warriors present. ed | 
R. Garnett Carlyle iv, ‘ Sartor’, the publisher acquainte: 
him, ‘excites universal disa) i pooner Sort 

Disapprobative i isee*prdbeitiv), a. [f. Dis- 
10 + APPROBATIVE; after desapprove, disapproba- 
tion.) Characterized by or expressing disappro- 
bation ; disapprobatory. 

1824 J. Gitcurist Ltym. [nterpr. 83 They are all appro- 
bative or disapprobative. 73 Miss BrouGuton Nancy 
II. 102 Now I look at him with a disgustful and disappro- 
bative eye. : 2 . 

Disapprobatory (disx'prdbeitari), a. [f. Dis- 
10 + AppRoBATORY : cf. prec.] Characterized b 
disapproving ; conveying or implying disapproval. 

1828 Wesster, Disap, tory, containing disapproba- 
tion; tending to disapprove. 1 Cartyce Remin, (1881) 
Il. App. 322 Eminent men .. had stood coventy silent, 
dubitative, disapprobatory. Frora L. Suaw Castle 
Blair (1882) 38 Mr. Plunkett looked as though he felt some- 
how vaguely disapprobatory. a 

Disappropriate (diseeprdwprijtt), Ap/.a. [ad. 
med. or mod.L. disappropriat-us, f. Dis- 4 + appro- 
pridtus Appropriate. In F, désapproprié.]  De- 
prived of appropriation; severed from connexion 
with a religious corporation. 

1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 14 A Church appropri 
to a spiritual compere becommeth disappropriate, if the 
corporation be dissolued, 1765 BLacksTone Come. I. 386 
If the corporation which has the aj riation is dissolved, 


priated 


the parsonage es disappropriate at common law. 
Disa te (diseeprduprijit), v. [f. ppl. 


stem of med. or mod.L. désappropriare, f. Dis- 4+ 
appropriare to Aprnopriate : in F, désapproprier, 
(17th c. in Hatz,-Darm.). ° 

1. “rans. To dissolve the appropriation of; to 
take away from that to which it has been appro- 
priated. See APPROPRIATE a. I. 

1656 Burton's Diary (1828) 1. 299 A Bill for the disappro- 


2. The reverse of to APPROVE: to regard with 
disfavour or moral condemnation; to feel or ex- 
press disapprobation of. 

1647 CowLry Mistress, Love gone over, iii, Fate does dis- 
approve Th’ Ambition of thy Love. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 
ut. xlii, 280 Some approved, others disapproved the Inter- 
pretation of St. Paul. 1713 Steere Lnglishman No. 31. 
197 Why must I hear what I disapprove, because others 
see what they approve? 1833 Hr. Martineau Brooke 
Farm i, | disapprove the object of such a meeting. i 
Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh u. g60 Henceforth none Could 
disapprove me. 

absol. 1717 Pore Eloisa 259 Nature stands check’d ; Re- 
ligion disapproves. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 97 
Rochester, disapproving and murmuring, consented to serve. 

3. zntr. with of (trarely 40). =2. Also with z#- 
direct passive. 

1726 Suetvocke Voy. round World (1757) 113 This..was 
not disapproved of by some of x ople who eat of it. 
1745 Westey Answ. Ch. 4, I w olty = rove of all 
these Positions. U9 SickeLmore Agnes & L. 1. 182 Don 
Sebastian enquired to what .. the Count de Tourville 
could disapprove. 1828 Scorr F. M. Perth xxxiv, The 
leader disapproved of this arrangement. 187§ JoweTT 
Plato (ed. 2) V. 181 Modern jurists would disapprove of 
the — of injustice being purchased only at an increas- 
ing risk. ‘ 

Hence Disappro‘ved ///. a., Disappro‘ving 
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; Disappro’vingly adv., in a 
disapproving manner; also + Disappro-vement, 
disapproval ; Disappro‘ver, one who disapproves. 

1648 J. Goopwin Right §& Might 11 A disapprovement of 
the factious ane of things. 1653 Mitton Hirelings 
Wks. (1851) i, rung out of mens Purses to maintain 
a disapprov’ Ministry against thir Conscience. 

Lp. Hatton in Nicholas P. (Camden) II, 165, I fi 
my selfe exceedingly out in a x oottey tad Cuappreving 
of persons. 1661 LE Style nals Pp. fo oA: (ed 
Not siping. “Ee judges .. have been pleased to give 
papers no pproving character. 1794 //ist.in Ann. Reg. 
107 Every disapprover of their politics and religious tenets. 
1820 Foster Ess, Evils Pop. 1gnorance 178 The disapprovers 
of the designs for educating the people. 1832 Z. i 
646/1, I have spoken disapprovingly of the method. 1860 
Exuicorr Life our Lord v. 2: plas, taal inion. .is noticed, 
not ogee hn a by Lightfoot. 1866 Gro. Euior . Holt 
(1868) here was unkind triumph or disapproving pity in 


the glances of greeting neighbours. 


Disaproned (disé'prond), Api. a. ‘[f. *désapron 
vb.: see Dis- 7a.] Divested or devoid of an 
apron, 


1831 CartyLe Sart, Res. u. iii, I entered the main street 


| 


g in to * 
Disa'pt, v. Vds. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Avr v] 
trans. Vo render unfit. 
1611 Cotcr., Disadjusté ..disapted. Disatjuster, to 
diSadiust..disapt. a 1618 Sy.vesteR 7obacco Battered 619 
Yet doth the custome Disnerve the bodie, and disapt the 


minde. 

+ Disa-pten, v. Obs. rare. [see-EN 5.] = prec. 

a 1655 Vines Lora’s Supper(1677) 36 Such sins as carnalize 
the heart, and disapten us for spiritual fruition. 

, obs. form of Dicer. 

Disarchbishop: see Dis- 7 b. 

Disard, obs. or archaic form of Dizzarp. 

Disare, var. Disour, Ods. 

+Disari-thmetic, v. nonce-wd. [D1s- 7.] 

1606 Warner Ald, Eng. xvi. ci. 400 Minerva suffreth 
violence when Phao makes her faire, liny such be disarith- 
metickt, his Creatures that are. : 

(disaum),v. Also § des-, dys-. [In 
15th c. desarm(e, a. F. désarmer (11th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), f. des-, Dis- 4+ armer to ARM. 

1. ¢vans. To deprive of arms, to take 
weapons from. Const. of. 

1481 Caxton Godfrey (E.E.T.S.) 224 The Turkes. .toke 
thise .xij. men by force, and desarmed them. 1618 RowLanps 
Night Raven 33 All those he after ten a clocke did finde, 
He should disarme of weapons they did beare. 
Mitton P, ZL. m1. 253 Death .. shall .. stoop Inglorious, of 
his mortal sting disarm’d. 1765-9 BLackstone Commt. (1793) 
328 A proclamation for disarming papists. 1828 ScoTT 
F. M. Perth xxxii, The new comers had .. entered the 
Castle, and were in the act of disarming the small garrison. 
1849 Macautay Hist, Eng. II. 139 A royal order came from- 
Whitehall for disarming the population. 

b. To force his weapon from the hand of (an 
opponent) in fighting or fencing. 

I Patscr. 517/1 He was desarmed at the first course. 
Bs ge Chron., Hen. VIII, 82b, The kyng of England 
with few strokes disarmed his counter partie. 1610 SHAks. 
Temp. 1. ii. 472 Come, from thy ward. .I can heere disarme 
thee with this sticke, And make thy weapon drop. 1700 S. L. 
tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 160, | made another pass at him, 
and fortunately run him into the Shoulder, and disarm’d 
him. 1833 Regud. /ustr. Cavalry 1.123 He may be disarmed 
by the ‘ Left Parry’. : 

ce. To divest of armour; to strip the defensive 
armour off (a man or horse). arch. 

¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 91 They..made hym 
come in, and dysarmed hym, and dyde to hym grete honoure. 
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII, an. 2 (R.) These justes 
fynished..the kynge was disarmed, and at time conuenient 
he and the quene heard euen song. 1611 Cotcr., Desbdrder, 
to vnbarbe, or disarme a horse of seruice. 1841 JAMES 
Brigand ii, The page -. came up to disarm his lord. 

d. ref. To put off one’s armour or divest one- 
self of arms. 

1481 Caxton Godfrey (E.E.T.S.) 275 Thenne departed the 
barons, and disarmed them and toke of theyr harnoys in 
theyr hostellys. cate — Sonne of Aymon viii. 198 They 
dysarmed theym selfe, and ete right well. 1632 J. Hay- 
warp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 28 The Prince disarm’d and 
uncloath’d himselfe. 1700 T'yrrect Hist. Eng. 11. 920 Earl 
Richard .. disarmed himself. 

2. intr. (for ref.) =1. 

1598 Barrer 7hcor. Warres u. i. 22 The Ensigne-bearer 
is not to disarme vntil the gates of the Fort .. be first shut. 
1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 31 Sweet lord, 
abandon passion, and disarme. 1626.C, Porrer tr. Sarfi's 
— Pius V, 433 Order was also giuen .. to the Count 

e Fuentes that he should disarme. 

8. trans. To deprive of munitions of war or 
means of defence, to dismantle (a city, ship, etc.). 
(Also b, intr. for refi.) : 

1602 Warner A dd. oe ae gs (1612) 355 The Romaines. . 
still to hold this Land theirs, had disarmed it of munition. 
1611 Cotcr., Desmonter vne navire, to disarme a ship, to 
despoile her of all her munition, and furniture. 1685 Lond. 
Gas. No. 2081/1 Orders have been sent to the Galleys .. to 
return hither, that they may be disarmed and laid up. 1726 
Cavautier Mem. 1. 40 We disarm’d and burn'd some 
Churches, for fear the Enemy should put Garrisons in them. 
Lbid. U1. 125, 1 disarmed Brujiere some other Villages 


near pa e peenp a x S 
b. 1694 Lond. Gas. No. 3027/1 All the Ships were Dis- 


¢ arms or 


ing. 

¢. To deprive (an animal) of its natural organs 
of attack or defence, as horns, claws, teeth; to 
divest anything of that with which it is armed. 

1607 Torse.. Four-f. Beasts (1658) 34 Heliogabalus .. 
suddenly, in the night, would rary in among them bi 
wolves, Tyoss, and leopards, muzled and disarmed, /6d. 98 
They lose their horns in March ..When the head of this 
beast is disarmed, there issueth blood from the skull. 1687 
Drvpen Hind & P. 1. 300 Their jaws disabl’d, and their 


claws disarm'd. a@ 1800 R Jliad (ed. 2) xv1. R} 
Hector, drawing nigh To Ajax, of its brazen t disarm’ 
His ashen beam. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. I. 47 Have 


the courage to appear poor, and you disarm poverty of its 
sharpest sting. 

4. To reduce (an army, navy, etc.) to the cus- 
tomary peace footing. Usually adso/. or tntr. (for 
refl.). 

A Cuamsers C 
sion of a peace, it is usual for. 
Netson 4 Apr. in Nicolas Disp. 


for both 


the offer of Great Britain, either to join us, or disa I 

Lease Midiaon, whet ie yas sees ? rs 

cutsblisty ME 968 Spectato 14 Nov. 1332 The old diffi- 
disarmament 


Ity that a drilled nation cannot disarm, 
in a comaheg ies Prussia is a mere phrase, is still unaffected. 


DISARM. 


1886 Manch. Exant. 13 Jan. 4/7 Greece .. will not disarm, | 
but will go to war if her demands are not agreed to. | 
5. fig. To deprive of power to injure or terrify ; 
to divest of aversion, suspicion, hostility, or the like; 
to render harmless, divest of its formidable char- 


acter. Const. of (+ rarely fron). 

¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. metr. iv. 13 So schalt pou desarmen 

be ire of bilke vnmy3ty tyraunt. c 1600 Saks. Sov. cliv. 
8 The general of hot desire Was sleeping by a virgin hand 
disarm’d. 1649 Mitton ikon. iv. Wks. (1847) 285/2 His 
design was .. to disarm all, i, Poem! of a wise fear and 
suspicion. @1704 1’, Brown Ufou a Yung. Lady Wks. 1730 
I. 67 A tongue that every heart disarms. 1776 Gisbon 
Decl. & F. 1. vii. 136 Conscious security disarms the cruelty 
of the monarch. 1788 Lapy Hawke Yulia de G. I. 230 
Disarmed from the slightest remains of envy, Julia returned 
to the company. 1841-44 Emerson £ss. Manners Wks. 
(Bohn) L. 213 Society loves .. the air of drowsy strength, 
which disarms criticism. 1871 Macpurr Mem. Patmos vi. 
75 What could disarm that amphitheatre and these blazing 
faggots of their horrors? 1894 J. T. FowLer Adamnan 
Introd. 70 His hostility was soon disarmed, and his con- 
version effected. 

absol. «1719 Avvison Rosamond .i, No fear shall alarm, 
No pity disarm. 

+6, transf. To take off as armour. Olds. rare. 

¢1613 Row.anps Paire Spy-Kuaves 6 Disarme this heauy 
burden from my backe. 

+b. Magnetism. To take away the armature. 
See ARMATURE 6. Oés. 

1730 Savery in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 325, I took off the 
Armour and bound it to that which was newly touched, and 
therewith retouched that which I had disarmed. 

7. Mandge. (See qupt.) [F. désarmer un cheval, 
les levres Cun Pe 

1727 BaiLey vol. II. s.v. Désaxm, To disarm the Lips of 
a Horse, is to keep them subject, and out from above the 
Bars, when they are so large as to cover the Bars, and pre- 
vent the Pressure or 4/fuiz of the Mouth, by bearing up the 
Bit, and so hindring the Horse from feeling the Effects of 
it upon the Bars. 

Hence Disa‘rming ///. a. _ 

1839 T. Beate Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 302 Beckoned us 
to approach with winning and disarming smiles. 

a’rm, si. [f. prec.] The act of disarming 
(an opponent) ; esp. in Fenczng. 1 

1809 Rotanp Fencing 9 The crossing of the blade signifies 
a kind of disarm, performed by a jirk from the wrist. 1827 
Barrincton Pers. Sk. I. 16 A disarm is considered the 
same as a disable. 1833 Regul. [ustr. Cavalry 1. 149 The 
*Second Point’.. should be given with great caution, the 
wrist being then so liable to the disarm. 

Disarmament (disi:.imameént). [f. Disarm 
v., alter armament; cf. F. désarmement (1594 in 
Hatz.-Darm.), f. désarmer, to which the corre- 
sponding Eng. type would be disarmment.] The 
action of disarming ; ¢sf. the reduction of an army 
or navy to the customary peace footing. 

1795 Burke Corr, IV. 327 If the disarmament had been 
common to all descriptions of disorderly persons, the measure 
would have been excellent, 1861 Loud. Rev. 20 Apr. 4534/2 
They propose the disarmament of the country. 1862 Hetrs 
Organiz. Daily Life 54 What Europe really needed was 
a congress that should dare to speak boldly to ambitious 
monarchs respecting the vital subject of disarmament. 1889 
B. F. Westcorr Let. in Guardian 6 Apr., Such a disarma- 
ment would secure the lasting and honourable peace which 
the leaders of Europe .. desire. 

Disa‘rmature. vare. [f. Disanm w., after 
ARMATURE.] The action of disarming; divestiture 
of armour or means of defence. 

18.. Sir W. Hamitton (O.), On the universities, which 
have illegally dropt philosophy and its training from their 
course of discipline, will lie the responsibility of this singular 
and dangerous disarmature. 

Disarme: see Disarmy. 

Disarmed (disa-1md),4//.a. [f. Disarm + -ED!.] 

1. Deprived of arms; unarmed; without arms or 
weapons; divested of means of attack or defence. 

1594 SPENSER Asoretti xii, I then disarmed did remaine. 
1568 B. Jonson Zv. Man in Hum... v, 1 hold it good 
polity not to go disarmed. 1628 Hospes 7hwcyd. (1822) 
141 The Plateans .. aimed their arrows and darts at their 
more disarmed parts. 1678 Puituirs (ed. 4) Disarmed, 
(among Hunters) Deers are said to be when the Horns are 
faln, 1821 Ber Banu Met. Leg., Wallace xciii, As | 
sleeping and disarined he lay. 

2. Her. (See quot.) 

1830 Rosson Brit. Herald 111. Gloss., Disarmed..is said 
of an animal or bird of prey, without claws, teeth, or beak. | 
1882 Cussans Handbk. Her. 128. | 

Disarmer (disa1mor). 
One who disarms. 

a 1660 Hammonp Hs. II, 62 (T.) So much learning and 
abilities, as this disarmer is believed to have. 1820 Ex- 
aminer No. 612. 2/1 The diSarmers .. of the country which 
enabled them to disarm it. 1827 Barrincton Pers, Sh. Il. 
16 The disarmer may break his adversary’s sword. 

1 (disa-umin), vd/. sb. [f. Disarm 

+ -ING 1] e action of the verb Disarm. 

1548 Hawt Chron., Hen. VIII, 81b, The two kynges set 
their countre parties to disarmyng. 1611 Corcr., Desarme- 


ment,a AY depriuing of Armes. _ a 1660 HAMMOND 
of schism, 1848 W. H. 


[f. Disarm + -ER1.] 


? 

Wks. U1. 63 (T.) For the disarmin 
Keuty tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y.11. 37 In the departments 
de La Sarthe, de La Mayenne..some disarmings were 
effected without violence. 

attrib, 1753 Stewart's Trial 273 The part of the country 
where the pannel lives, fell under the disarming Act. 1894 
Daily News 29 June 5/2 This mode of protection [paint] 
was unknown to the Highlanders, when they hid their 
weapons, after'the Disarming Act. 


was disara’ 


405 


+Disarmy. Os. rare. (Also 9 disarme.) 
[a. obs. Ff. aésarmée action of disarming, f. dés- 
armer to disarm (:—Romanic type desarmata: see 
Army).] A disarming. 

1548 Hatt Chrou., Hen. VIL, 78b, The herauldes cried 
the disarmy [ed. 1809 disarme]. 

Disarrange (disaréi-ndz), v.  [f. Dis- 6+ Ar- 
RANGE; cf. F. désarranger (17th c. in Littré).] 
trans. To undo the arrangement of; to put into 
a state of disorder, , 

1744 AKENSIDE Pleas. Jag. U1. 519 (Seager) Quick dis- 
gust From things deform’d or disarrang’d. 1764 GRAINGER 
Sugar Cane 1,189 The glebe .. Will journey, forc'd off by 
the mining rain; And.. disarrange Thy neighbours’ vale. 
1834 Hr. Martineau Farvers ii. 35 She.. would not let 
his chamber be disarranged just at present. 1892 Sfeaker 
8 Oct. 427/1 Sudden .. fluctuations in the standard of value 
undoubtedly disarrange trade. . 

Hence Disarra’nged ///. a., Disarra‘nging 
vbl. sb.; Disarra‘nger, one who disarranges. 

1827 Cu. Worpswortu Chas. /, etc. 19 A lamentably miscal- 
culating and dis-arranged understanding. 1862 I, Hatt 
Hindu Philos. Syst. 40 The arranging and disarranging 
of the multitudinous constituents of the world. 1885 4 the- 
neum 14 Nov. 645/2 ‘The name of the arranger—or rather 
disarranger—was not given in the programme. 

Disarrangement disaré':ndzmént). [f. prec. 
+-MENT, after arrangement.) The fact or process 
of disarranging or putting out of order; the con- 
dition of being disarranged ; disorder. 

cr A. Baxter Lug. Nat. Soud (1737) 11. 137 (T.) How 
..is 1t possible that the mere disarrangement of the parts 
of matter should perform this? 1790 Burke Avimy Esti. 
mates Wks. V. 10 The whole of the arrangement, or rather 
disarrangement of their military. 1837 CArtyLe /”. Rev. 
ui. ut. i. (1857) II, 180 They are the Heart and presiding 
centre of a France fallen wholly into maddest disarrange- 
ment. 1885 Manch, Exam. 18 Feb. 3/2 The various 
organic diseases and functional disarrangements. 

Disarray (disir’-), sb. Forms: 4-7 dis- 
aray(e, 5 dysaray, 6 disarey, 6- disarray. 
[Probably a. OF. *desared (14th c. desarroy in 
Littré, mod.F. désarrot), vbl. sb. from desarcer, 
desarroyer: see next. The earlier OF. synonym 
was desret, desrat, derat, whence Eng. desray, 
Deray, Disray, of which désarray may be re- 
garded as a modification. ] 

1. The condition of being out of array or regular 
order; disorder, confusion; = DrRAy sd. 1, Ic. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. » 853 (Edles.) As the woman hath 
the maistrie she maketh to muche desray [A/SS. Cam. dis- 
ray, //arl., Petw., Lansd., Selden disarayle}. ¢ 1477 Cax- 
TON Fasox 31b, ‘They tourned their back and put hem to 
flyght and disaraye. c1489 — Sonnes of Aymon xv. 354, 
I wolde not for noo good that rowlande & olivere .. sholde 
fynde vs in dysaray. 1530 Parser. 214/1 Disarey, out of order, 
desaroy. 1880 C’tEss PemBroxke Ps. Ixviii. 1 His very face 
shall cast On all his haters flight and disarray. 1664 Pepys 
Diary 27 Mar., So much is this city subject to be put into 
a disarray upon very small occasions. 1715-20 Pore /diad 
xiv. 19 Dire disarray ! the tumult of the fight. 1835 J. P. 
Kennepy Horse Shoe R. xviii. (1860) 216 Their .. weapons 
lay around in disarray. 1882 SHortHousE ¥. /ug/esant II. 
181 The wild confused crowd of leaping and struggling 
figures, in a strange and ghastly disarray. 

transf, 1818 MitMAN Samor 32 As clouds. .Gather their 
blackening disarray to burst Upon some mountain turret. 

2. Imperfect or improper attire; disorderly un- 
dress. arch. 

1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. iv. 4 A wicked Hag.. In ragged 
robes and filthy disaray, 1814 Soutney Roderick xxv. 215 
He who in that disarray Doth .. bestride the noble steed. 
1857 HawrHorne Scarlet Lett. iii, Clad in a strange dis- 
array of civilized and savage costume. 

Disarray (disarzi:), v. Also 5-7 disaray. 
[f. Dis- 6 + Array v.: perh. immediately after 
OF. desareer, -eter (-oyer) to put into disorder (in 
Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + arveyer to Array. Cf. 
prec. sb, and the synonymous Disray.] 

1. ¢rvans. To throw out of array or order, to put 
into disorder or confusion ; to rout, disorder, dis- 
organize. (Chiefly of military array.) 

c1470 Henry Wallace 1x. 856 All dysarayit the ost was, 
and agast. 1513 DoucLas Zveis xin, vi. 32 The cite, quhilk 
and schent. 1600 Hotianp Livy u. |xili. 86 At 
the first skirmish the enemies were disaraied [ /usz]. 1641 
Mitton Animadv. (1851) 223 To rout, and disaray the 
wise and well-coucht order of Saint Pauls owne words, 
1650 Eart Mono. tr. Senau/t’s Man bec. Guilty 205 They 
rob Gardens without disaraying them. 1660 HickERINGILL 
Famaica (1661) 68 The small Remnant left in Iamaica .. 
will be able to disaray the Spaniards in Hispaniola or Cuba. 
1713 C’ress Wincuetsea Misc. Poems 244 You Winds ! Whilst 
not the Earth alone, you disarray. a@1848 R. W. Hamitton 
Rew. §& Punishm. y. (1853) 222 What disarrays like death? 

+b. intr. (for ref.) To fall out of array or 
order, to become disordered. Ods. 


1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. ccxxv. 297 If any of our y 


batayls breke, or disaray by any aduenture, drawe thyder 
and confort them. 3 

2. trans. To strip or spoil of personal array, 
raiment, or attire ; to disrobe. 

1483 Cath. Angl. 100/2 To Disaray [v.r. Disray or dis- 
gise], exornare. 1590 SpENSER F. Q. 1. viii. 46 ‘That 
witch they disaraid, And robd of roiall robes. 1611 Corcr., 
Deshabiller, to disarray, vncloth. 1715 Rowe Fane Gra 
v. i, Help to disarray And fit me for the Block. 1814 Mrs. J. 
West Alicia de L. U1. 226 Attendant damsels to prepare 
the bath, to help to disarray her. 


| 
| 


DISASSENT. 


b. cntr. for ref. 

1678 Butter Hud. 11. i. 250 I'd hardly time to lay My 
weapons by, and disarray. — ; ; 

e. trans. To despoil, strip of any adjunct. 

1579 SrENSER Sheph. Cal. Feb. 105 A goodly Oake .. 
With armes full strong.. But of their leaves they were 
disarayde. 1610 G. Fietcner Christ's Vict. in Farr S. P. 
Fas. [ (1848) 34 As when a vapour from a moory slough 
.. Doth heaven’s bright face of his rayes disarray. 1820 
Suettey Liberty xix, My song, its pinions disarrayed 
of might, Drooped. 1852 M. Arnoip Poems, Emipedocles 
on Etna 1, Ere quite the being of man, ere quite the 
world Be disarray'd of their divinity. 

Hence Disarraying vé/. sb. 

1611 Cotcr., Desarrengement, an vnranking, disordering, 
disarraying. . 

Disarrayed (disaréid), pf/. a. 
v.+-ED!.] 

1. Out of array; disordered, in disorder. 

1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xlviii. § 16. 170 Following 
the disarraied flight of the Persians. 1742 Younc *. 
Th. v. 826 His disarray'’d oblation he devours. 1827 ‘T. 
Doustepay Sea-Cave 11 Some sea-born maid .. with her 
green tresses disarrayed. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel ix. 563 
Mists, which hurry along .. like hosts disarrayed. 

2. Divested of personal array or attire, stripped. 

1611 Cotcr., Descouffé .. whose head is disarrayed or vn- 
couered. 1725 Pork Odyss. xvu.98 ‘Then dis-array’d, the 
shining bath they sought. 1859 ‘Tennyson /dylls, Enid 
516 She .. found, Half disarray'd as to her rest, the girl. 

+ Disarray'ment. Ods. rare. [f. Disarray 
v.+-MENT: after arvayment.] The fact of dis- 
arraying or deranging; the condition of being 
.disarrayed ; disorder, derangement. 

1627-77 Fevtnam Resolves 11. lili, 269 Inward Enemies, 
our vices, our weaknesses, and our own disarayments. 

+ Disarre'st, v. Ols. [ad. OF. desarrester to 
release from arrest (14th c. in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 
4+arrester to ARREST.]  fvais. ‘To set free from 
arrest; to reverse the arrest of. 

1528 Hacker Let. to Wolsey (MS. Cott. Galba B. ix. 54 b, 
That sche schowld cawse to dysarest the forsayd Korn. 
1643 Pryxne Doom Coward. 9 The King .. wills that he 
shall be disarrested, and suffered to goe at large. 

Disarticulate (disaitikileit), v. [f. Dis- 6 
+ ARTICULATE ¥.] 

1. ¢rans. To undo the articulation of, to disjoint ; 
to separate joint from joint. 

1840 G. V. Extis Axat. 278 Disarticulate, entirely, the 
odontoid process. 1854 OwEN Shed. §& Teeth in Orr's Circ. 
Sc. Organ. Nat. 1. 175 The entire segment, here disarti- 
culated ..is called the ‘occipital vertebra’. 1892 /ad/ 
Mall G. 27 Sept. 2/1 From time immemorial the plan has 
been adopted of filling the bony case with peas and then 
causing them to swell with water whenever a skull was 
required to be ‘disarticulated’. 

2. intr. (for ref.) To become disjointed; to 
separate at the joints. 

1830 LinpLey Vat. Syst. Bot. 334 In some of these the 
joints disarticulate, and appear to be capable of reproduc- 
tion. 1835 — /xtrod. Bot. (1868) I. 261 The leaflets .. spon- 
taneously disarticulate. 1892 Natural Science Mar. 57 
Stems..which ultimately disarticulated and left the surface 
marked by scars. 

Hence Disarti‘culated //. a.; also Disarti:- 
culator, he who or that which disarticulates. 

1861 Hume tr. Moguin-Tandon u. vit. xi, 378 The dis- 
articulated stems, /é/d. 1. vu. xiii. gor The cucurbitins 
are disarticulated zoonites. 1877 Dawson Orig. World 
xiv. 302 Disarticulated remnants of human skeletons. 

Disarticulation (disasti:kizléi-fan). [n. of 
action from prec. : after avticulation.] The action 
of disarticulating ; separation at the joint; dis- 
jointed condition. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. Introd. 23 Béclard in- 
vented or improved several modes of .. disarticulation of 
the metatarsal bones, 1830 Linptey .Vat. Syst. Bot. 251 
In Orchidezw .. a complete disarticulation of the stem and 
leaves takes place. 

+ Disa‘rtuate, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ 
ArTUATE.] trans. To disjoint. 

1660 SHarrock Vegetables 145 If any man please to dis- 
artuate the whole [Horse-tail] they will finde the frame 
exquisite enough to deserve a better esteem. : 

Disasinate, Disasinize v.: see Dis- 6. 
+Disasse‘mble, v. Ods.rare—°. [f. Dis-6 + 
ASSEMBLE v.] ¢vans. To separate, scatter, disperse. 

1611 Corcr., Di bler, to di ble, disioyne, dis- 
unite. 

+ Disasse‘nt, v. Os. Also 5 dis-, dysasent. 
[ad. OF. desassent-tr (13-14th c. in Godef.), f. des-, 
Dis- 4 + assentiy ASSENT v.] intr. To refuse as- 
sent /o, withhold assent from ; to disagree. 

c1400 Destr. ~~ 9369 All the most of po mighty .. 
Dyssassent to the dede, demyt hit for noght. 1533 Brt- 
LENDEN Livy 1. (1822) 82 Servius nouthir assentit nor yit 
disassentit to thair mariage. 1620 W. Scor Afol. Narr. 
(1846) 104 He disassented from all the proceedings. a 16, 
Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 16, I disassent from the 
common received opinion, 1641 Protests Lords 1. 6 We 
whose names are underwritten did disassent. 7643 PrynNnE 
Sov. Power Parl. w. 18 It is obligatory and legall, though 
the King himselfe consent not, or disassent thereto. 1692 
Wacstarre Vind. Carol. vi. 60 If he may dis-assent, it is 
a sufficient Proof of this Negative Voice. 

Hence + Disasse‘nter, one who disassents ; 
+ Disasse‘nting v//. sd. and Api. a., dissentient. 

1634 St. Trials, Lord Balmerino(R.), The names of the 
disassenters. 1635 Person Varieties 1. xi. 45 In this point 


[f. Disarray 


DISASSENT. 
also I finde them variable and disassenting. 1643 PryNne 
Sov. Power Parl. u. 66 Such a disassenting Voyce .. is 


inconsistent with the very office, duty of the King. 

Me nt, sd. Obs. [f. prec., after ASSENT 
sb.] Refusal of assent; dissent, disagreement. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 36. § 1 Any ent or 
disassent by the said Duches .. notwithsta: yng. 1548 
Haut Chron., Hen. VII an. 7 (R.) Whether he departed 
without the French kynges consent or disassent, he .. 
retu: agayn to the y Margaret. @1639 Srorriswoop 
Hist. Ch. Scot. w. (1677) 189 Fearing that her disassent 
might work some delay. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. 
1. (ed. 2) 34 Notwithstanding his owne personall disassent. 

+ Disassertor. Os. rare. [agent-n. from 
*disassert, f{. Dis- 6.) One who contradicts an 
assertion or asserts the contrary. : 

1651 J. Goopwin Red. Redeemed iv. § 38. 69 Imputations 
+. which the Dis-assertors of it have charged upon it. 

+ Disassiduity. Ods. [f. Dis- 9 + Asst- 
puITy.] Want of assiduity ; failure to be assiduous 
in attentions, etc. ; slackness. 

1613 Wotton in Relig. Wotton. sere) 412 Some argue .. 
that disassiduity in a Favorite is a degree of Declination. 
@ 1639 — Parall. Essex & Buckingh. ibid. (1651) 25 Know- 
ing that upon every little absence or disassiduity, he should 
be subject to take cold at his back. a1635 Naunron 
Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 46 He came in, and went out, and 
through disassiduity, drew the Curtain between himself and 
the light of her grace. 

+ Disassie’ge, v. Ols.rave—'. [a F. désas- 
siéger (15th c. in Godef.) ‘to raise a siege, to deliuer 
from a siege’ (Cotgr.), f. des-, DIs- 4 + asstéger : 
see ASSIEGE, BESIEGE.] ¢rans. To free from the 
state of siege; to raise the siege of. 

1630 M. Gopwyn tr. Bp. Hereford’s Ann. Eng. i. 232 
John Lord Russell entring the City .. disassieged it 

Disassimilation (disasi:milé'fan). [f. Dis- 9 
+ ASSIMILATION.) The process which reverses 
assimilation ; in Phystol. the transformation of 
assimilated substances into less complex and waste 
substances; catabolism. 

1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. X.751 Appropriation of new ma- 


terial, and the disassimilation, or elimination of old. 1883 
Glasg. Weekly Her. 5 May 8/1 Coffee always causes an in- 
creased excretion and an augmented disassimilation. 1883 


Syd. Soc, Lex., Disassimilation, the downward metabolism 
of the body, by which its components form lower planes of 
chemical compounds whilst force of one kind or another is 
disengaged. 1889 Burpvon SANDERSON Adar. to Brit. Assoc. 
in Nature 26 Sept. 525/1 The words. .‘ anabolism’, which. . 
means winding up, and ‘catabolism’, running down, are 
the creation of Dr. Gaskell. Prof. Hering’s equivalents 
for these are ‘assimilation’, which. .means storage of oxygen 
and oxidizable material, and ‘ disassimilation’, discharge of 
these in the altered form of carbon dioxide and water. 

So Disassi‘milate v., to transform by cata- 
bolism. In mod. Dicts. (1894). 

Disassi‘milative, «. [f. Dis- 10 + Assinm- 
LATIVE.] Of or pertaining to disassimilation. 

1880 Libr. Univ, Knowl, 1X. 91 Dr. Flint has demon- 
strated that cholesterine is a disassimilative product of 
nervous function. 

+ Disassi‘st, v. Ods. rave. [f. Dis- 6 + As- 
sist.] ¢rans. To do the reverse of assisting ; to 
hinder, obstruct. 

1669 WoopHrEAD St. Teresa 1. 2 My Brothers also were 
such, as in nothing dis-assisted me from serving God. /éid. 


1, xiv. (1671) 85 ‘The other .. Faculties .. assist the Will; | 


although now and then it happen that they disassist it. 

Disassociate (disasdfijeit), v. [f Dis- 6 + 
Associate, after F. désassocter (16th c. in Littré), 
f. des-, Dis- 4+ assocter to associate.] trans. To 
free or detach from association; to dissociate, 
sever. Const. from (with). 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne (1613) Se As if our minde 
had not other houres enough to doe hir businesse, without 
disassociating hirselfe from the body. ?1650 Dox Bellianis 
7o So said the Princesse Aurora, that never would dis- 
associate her knights. : 
146, I can never disassociate the feeling from their persons. 
1859 C. Barker Associative Princ. i. 5 They were at no 
time disassociated with useful labour. 

Hence Disasso'ciated Afi. a. 

1611 in Cotcr. 1881 P. Brooks Candle of Lord 183 
Disassociated and apparently contradictory ideas, 

Disassociation (disisdsi,2-{on). [n.of action 
f. prec. vb. cf. ASSOCIATION, he action of dis- 
associating, or the condition of being disassociated ; 
dissociation. 

1873 B. Srewart Conserv. Energy iv. § 159 At very 


hh, 


high Pp es it is p that most compounds are 
decomposed, and the ure at which this takes place, 
for any compound, has n termed its temperature of 
disassociation. 890 Cornh. Mag. Sept. 252 A sensible, 


mild youth, of whom you think in di ion 

from his spectacles. 7 

su're, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. Dis- 6 + 
trans. ‘To deprive of assurance or 


Assur]. 
security. 


161x Corcr., Disassurer, to disassure ; to Mg in feare, 
or bring into doubt, one that was well resolued. 


Disaster (diza'sta1), sd. Also 7 dys-. [ad. 
F. désastre (1564 in Hatz.-Darm.) ‘a disaster, mis- 
fortune, calamitie, misadventure, hard chance’; f. 
des-, Dis- 4 + astre ‘a starre, a Planet; also destinie, 
fate, fortune, hap’ (Cotgr.), ad. L. astrum, Gr. 
dorpov star ; after It. désastro ‘ disastre, mischance, 


| f. desastre disaster. 
| as an adj. in any Romanic lang.] = Disastrous, 


1850 L, Hunt Autodiog. vii. (1860) | 


: 406 


ill lucke’ (Florio). Cf. Pr., Sp., Pg. desastre, also 
Pr. benastre good fortune, malastre ill fortune, and 
Eng. 2l-starred.] : 

+1. An unfavourable aspect of a star or planet ; 
‘an obnoxious planet’. Ods. : 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1, i. 118 Stars with trains of fire and 
dews of blood, Disasters in the sun; and the moist star, 
Upon whose infl e Neptunes empire stands, Was sick 
almost to dooms-day with eclipse. 13635 Lage wd Embl., 
Fieroglyph vii, What dire disaster is change, that 
thus she veils her golden head? 

2. Anything that befalls of ruinous or distressing 
nature; a sudden or great misfortune, mishap, or 
misadventure ; acalamity. Usually with a and Zi, 
but also without a, as ‘a record of disaster’. 

‘ Disaster is etymologically a mishap due to a baleful 
stellar aspect’ (Whitney Life Lang. vi. (1875) 99’. 

t Horsey 7vav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 253 Tn those soulls 
er that ar the occasioners of thy disaster and myne. 
1598 Florio, Disastro, disastre, mischance, ill lucke. 1601 
Suaks. Adl’s Weld iu. vi. 55 It was a disaster of warre that 
Czsar him selfe could not a preuented. 1605 — Lear 
1. ii, 131 We make guilty of our disasters the Sun, the 
Moone, and Starres, 1 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 
100 Fate, it seems, would needs involve them in the same 
disasters. 1770 Goips. Des. Vill. 200 Well had the boding 
tremblers learn’d to trace The day’s disasters in his morn- 
ing’s face. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 84 Faithlessness 
was the chief cause of his disasters, and is the chief stain 
on his memory. 1 Mortey Compromise (1886) 27 Such 
a system must inevitably bring disaster- 
+b. A bodily affliction or disorder. Ods. rare. 

1684 F. Rocers Let. in Sir H. Slingshy's Diary (1836) 377; 

I am very ill of a disaster upon my stomach, y' I cannot ride. 


+ Disa‘ster, a. Ods. . [Either an attrib. use of 
the sb., or repr. obs, F. desastr? *Cotgr.) disastrous, 
The simple word is not used 


1590 GREENE Never too late (1600) 23 No disaster fortune 
could driue her to make shipwrack of her fixed affection. 
Zid. 28 Saturne conspiring with all balefull signes, calcu- 
lated the houre of thy birth full of disaster accidents. 1600 
Look about you xxix. in Hazl. Dodsley V1. 481 Let this 
be to me a disaster day. 1603 Knoties //ist. Turks (1638) 
167 Whom disaster fortune .. hath inforced to wander here 


| and there. 


+ Disaster, v. Oés. [f. Disaster sd. No 
corresp. vb. is found in the Romanic langs., though 
French had in 16th c. the ppl. adj. desastré: see 
DISASTER a.) ¢rans. To bring disaster or mis- 
fortune upon; to strike with calamity; to ruin, 
afflict, injure seriously, endamage. 

(Todd's sense ‘'To blast by the stroke of an unfavourable 
star’, repeated in later Dicts., seems to be unsupported ; 
his quotation is of a ffé.a. in sense ‘ ill-starred,’ ‘hapless ’.) 

1580 [see DisAsTERED]. 1606 Suaks. Ant. & CZ. 1. vii. 16 
The holes where eyes should bee, which pittifully disaster 
the cheeks. 1607 Torsett Four. Beasts (1658) 158 Neither 
was there ever any more easie way to disaster these monster- 
seeming souldiers {elephants in battle] then by casting of 
stones. 1689 Move Sea Chyrurg. 1. xiii. 61 The Cable 
running out, a Kink therein happened to disaster a Man’s 
Leg. 1778 M. Cutter in Life, etc. (1888) 1. 70 The French 
fleet was so disastered they could by no means afford us 
any assistance. 13784 /bid. 107 ‘This occasioned the thermo- 
meter’s being more slightly secured. .and .. it was so disas- 
tered as to lose almost all the mercury. 1812 W. ‘TENNANT 
Anster F. 1. 1vi, Some werecuff'd and much disaster’d found. 

Ilence + Disa’stered, stricken with disaster ; ill- 
starred, hapless. Ods. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia u. (1613) 163 Ah, chastest bed of 
mine .. how canst thou now receiue this desastred change- 
ling’ 1598 Barret 7'heor. Warres v.i.170 At his disastred 
journey made into veschant 4 1726-46 ‘THomson Winter 279 
In his own loose revolving fields, the swain Disastered stands, 

+ Disa'sterly, adv. Obs. [f. Disasrer a. + 
-LY 2.) In a disastrous or ill-starred manner. 

1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 93 What Gentleman hath 
been cast away at Sea, or disasterly souldiouriz’d it by 
Land. 1598 Drayron Heroic. Ep. (1 48) 131 Nor let the 
envy of invenom'd tongues. .Thy sobke breast disasterly 
possess. 1654 Vitvain Zit. Ess. tv. 46 Who died disasterly 
in New Forest. 

Disastrous (diza'stros), a. Also 6-7 des-, 
7 dysastrous, disasterous. [a. F. désastreux, 
-euse (16th c, in Hatz.-Darm.), f. désastre: cf. It. 
disastroso ‘vnfortunate, ynluckie’ (Florio 1598). 
See Disaster sd, and -ous.] 

+1. Stricken with or subject to disasters ;_ ill- 
starred, ill-fated ; unfortunate, unlucky, Ods. 

1586 B. Younc tr. Guaszso's Civ. Conv, 1v. 184 If she aford 
mee but one sparkle of hope and favour, she doth it to no 
other ende, but to ¢ mee more desastrous. 1602 Mar- 
ston Ant, § Met. Induct. Wks. 1856 I. 2 He prov’d alwaies 
desastrous in love. 1x Adv. Don Sebastian in Hari. 
Misc, (Malh.) 11, 368 The unfortunate accidents this disas- 
terous king hath sustained. ¢1750 Suenstone Poems, 
Economy iit. 43 Ah disastrous = t! In evil hour and 
rashly dost thou trust ‘The fraudful couch! 1790 Beatson 


~ Nav. § Mil. Mem. 1, 225 The various calamities that befel 


this disastrous fleet. | : 

2. loreboding disaster, of evil omen, unpropitious, 
ill-boding. arch. 

1603 Hottann Piutarch's Mor. 1292 Reputing the third 
of these intercalar daies to be desasterous and di . 
1648 Gace West. Jnd. xii. (1655) 47 At whose birth could 
not but be some dysastrous aspect of the Planets. 1667 
Mitton P. LZ. 1. $97 As when the Sun .. from behind the 
Moon In dim Eclips disastrous twilight sheds On half the 
Nations. 1849 Mancan Poems (1859) 42 By the bell’s 
disastrous tongue. 


| tike the foure last Bookes of Moses 
uv. 


_DISAVAIL. 


3. Of the nature of a disaster ; fraught or attended 
with disaster ; calamitous. 


1603 R. Ji Kingd. & C. 1630) 573 A faction 
no lesse disasterous to barge eh a Set Rratinctnys 
Turkie. 1608 D. T. Zss. Pol. § Mor. 76b, The very first. 
ee ini: eT id 1684 Con- 
templ. State Man 1. ii. (1699) 1 human greatness. .must 
sad vd potade ine dete and unh Lusi 
1769 Rozertson Chas. V, V. wu. 
to France. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. 1. 225 The Samyal 
wind. .so disastrous in its effects. 1874 Green Short Hist. 
v. § 1. 217 We have followed the at on Scotland to its 
disastrous close. 1875 LyeLt Princ. Geol. 11. ii. xlvii. 549 
Heavy rains followed by disastrous fl 

Hence Disa‘strousness. rare. 

1727 Bawey vol. 11, Disastrousness, unluckiness, unfor- 
tunateness. 

Disa‘ , adv. [f. prec.+-Ly2.] Ina 
disastrous manner ; sneuoner ruinously. 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars v.(R.), Whilst things were thus 
disast hier decreed. ba Butter //ud. 11. i. 62 To 
answer, with his Vessel, all That might disastrously befall. 
1794 Suttivan View Nat. V. 187 almost universal 
darkness, which licenti desolation .. di ly intro- 
duced into the world, 1869 Freeman Norm. oe (1876) 
III. xii. 180 The great invasion of Normandy, whi ied 
so disastrously for the French. 

Disattach (disate't{), v. [f. Dis-6 + Arracuz.] 
trans. To undo what is attached ; = DerTacuH 1. 

1851 Cot. Wiseman Actions N. T. Ess. 1853 I. 586 To 
disattach importance from all that relates to her. 

Disatta’chment. [Dis- 9] = Deracu- 
MENT 4b. 

1860 'T. T. Carter Jit. our Lard (1861) 19 Chastening 
our being into disattachment and heavenly-mindedness. 


Disattaint (disatznt), v. [Dis-6.] ‘vans. 
To free from attainder: see ATTAINT z. 6. 

1865 CarLyLe Fredk. Gt. 1X. xx. vii. 149 Earl Marischal 
.-has been .. pardoned, disattainted, permitted to inherit. 

+ Disattention. Ods. [f. Dis- 9 + ATTEN- 


Events more di 


| TI0N.] Active inattention ; neglect. 


1624 Br. Mounracu Gagg i. 3 Slownesse of heart : that is 
. disattention unto those things. 1693 W. Frexe Sed. Ess. 
xxv. 147 Carelessness and Disattention..are the Daughters 
of Folly. 1757 Herald x. Pg Disattention to duty. 

+ Disattire, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ ArrirE v.] 
trans. To divest of attire ; disrobe. 

@1598 SPENSER cited by WessTer (1864). 1611 Cortcr. 
Descoeffer. .to remy emmy vohood, vncouer, the head. 
1677 Hotyoke Dict., Disattire, divestio. 

Disattune (disatiz-n), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Arrune.] 
trans. ‘To put out of tune of harmony. 

1853 Lytton A/y Novel x1. xvi. (D.), Thus ever bringin; 
before the mind of the h&rassed debtor images at war wit 
love and with the try of life, he disattuned it, so to 


| speak, for the reception of Nora’s letters. 


+Disaugme'nt, v. Obs. [Dis- 6.] ¢rans. 
To reverse the augmentation of ; to diminish. 
1631 rer. Desaugmenter, to disaugment, wane, di- 


minish. 16; varLes mb. vy. xiii, That everlasting trea- 

sure which hope deprives not, fortune disaugments not. 
+Disauthentic, «. Ols. [Dis- 10 + Av- 

THENTIC.] he reverse of authentic; not au- 


thoritative (see AUTHENTIC 1). 
1G. Frercner 2 usse Commew.(Hakl, Soc.) 126 Certeine 


r 
| bookes..of Moses ..which they say are al made disauthen- 


tique, and put out of use by the comming of Christ. 1619 
Purcuas Microcosmus |xix. 691 They.. account disauthen- 


Disauthenticate, v. [Dis-6.] ‘rans. To 


prove or prmeae non-authentic. 

1 A. W. Benn in Academy 1 June 457/2 Among pas: 
sages disauthenticated, or at least pronounced doubtful. 

+ Disau‘thorize, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 6 + Av- 
THORIZE.] trans. To strip of authority ; to make 


or treat as of no authority. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse go Then is y’ once sacrifice of Christ 
utterly to be abandoned and disauthorized. 1563 Man 
Musculus' Commonpl. 153, Thei judged it best to dis- 
authorise them [the scriptures of the Old Testament). 1615 
Waveworrn in ll Lett. (1624) 8 As if their new censure 
were ee 7, —- res = — — 
tences. ° cf. Liberty agst. Tyrants 142 The general 
prea p. Sa even dis-authorize and depose a King. 

Disavai'l, v. ? Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ Avan v.]} 

+1. intr. To be the reverse of advantageous ; to 
be prejudicial or harmful. Ods, Kz ’ 

1 Lypc. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi, They .. toke nought 
that might joey Unto that lande but it were vitayle. 
1549 Cuatoner Evrasm. on Folly 1 ie The same not 

di disavaileth to the. .pl e of the lyfe. 

2. trans. To disadvantage, injure, harm. 

1471 Marc. Paston in P. Lett, No. 681 111. tan hym 
helpe me now, or elles it shall ic hym better than 
the trebyll the money, ax KELTON Col. Cloute 1106 
Hyndering and d vaylyng oly Churche, our Mother. 
1530 PAusGr. 517/r, I disavayle one, I hynder his avaun- 
tage. .he hath disavayled me more than an hu 
1754 RicHarpson G ‘ison 1781) Il. iv. 52 *I am an 
Englishman, gentlemen’, said 1. .judging..that plea would 
not disavail me. . 

+ Disava‘il, sd. Obs. [f. prec. vb., after AVAIL 
sb.] Disadvantage, harm, loss. 

¢ Lypc. Bochas 1. xix. (1558) 33a Hig Pa of fro- 
warde doublenes, Which euer wrought to his le. 1603 

mee 


. Davies Aficrocosmos Wks. (1876) 11 If c 
tad glorie be the King’s, And their disgrace rife his 
tevadle ‘ 


Disavaunce, Disaventure, obs. forms of 
DISADVANCE, DISADVENTURE. ' 


ne ol) 


MOET GY. ene 


wees 


DISAVOUCH, 


+ Disavou'ch, v. 04s. [f. Dis- 6 + Avouc 
v. In med.L. disadvocare.| = Disavow. 

1597 Dantet Civ. Wars ww. xxvi, They flatly disavouch 
To yeld him more obedience. 1637 R. Humenrey tr, S?. 
Ambrose Pref., Numa Pompilius ceremonies were dis- 
avouched by Quintus Petilius. 1679 Kip in G. Hickes 
Spir. Popery 7 Disowning and dissavouching that which 
sometime we judged our honour to testifie for and avouch. 

Tisavow (disavau'), v. Also 4 des-, 5 dys-. 
[a. F. désavouer (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des-, 
Dis- 4+ avouer Avow v1 In med.L. dsavoudre, 
disadvocare.| 

1. trans. To refuse to avow, own, or acknow- 
ledge; to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, 
or approbation of; to disown, repudiate. 

1393 Lanai. P. PZ. C. 1v. 322 Bobe kyng and kayser and 
pe coroned pope May desauowe pat pey dude. c 1489 
Caxton Sonnes of Aymon v. 134 Our fader hath dysavowed 
vs for the love of hym. 1596 eneee F. Q. vi. v. 37 Weary 
..Of warres delight..The name of knighthood he did dis- 
avow. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 285 One of his 
Masters drew profit from it, and the he disavowed it. 
1748 Cuesterr. Le?t, (1792) II. clxxii. 137 Comte Pertingue 
..far from disavowing, confirms all that Mr. Harte has said. 
1787 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) I. 212 The Emperor dis- 
avowed the concessions which had been made by his gover- 
nors. 1855 Macautay ///st. ce 8 III. 327 Melfort never 
disavowed these papers. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 6. 

28 The plan was simply that the King should disavow the 
Papal jurisdiction. 

+2. To refuse to admit or acknowledge as true 
or valid; to deny. Ods. 

1611 Corcr., Vier, to denie, disaduow; say nay, gainsay. 
1629 GauLe Pract. The. 86 One disauowes him begotten of 
God; another, borne of Mary. 1634 Forp P. Warbeck w. 
ii, Yet can they never .. disavow my blood Plantagenet’s. 
1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 387 Complaining I 
had sold ker a broken stone, which I disavowed. 

+3. To refuse to accept or entertain ; to decline. 

1629 CHAPMAN Yuvenal v. 167 An oil, for whose strength 
Romans disavow To bathe with Boccharis. 1640 FULLER 
Joseph's Coat iii. (1867) 135 They .. disavow to have any 
further dealing with worldly contentments, 1660 F. Brooke 
tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 364 The Mexicans disavow all peace 
with their neighbouring enemies..that they may be stored 
with prisoners of war for sacrifice, 

Hence Disavow'ed /// a., Disavow ing v/. sh. 
and ffl. a.; also Disavow'able a., liable to be 
disavowed ; Disavow‘edly (-édli) adv., in a dis- 
avowed manner; Disavow’er, one that disavows 


(Ash 1775). 

1611 Cotar., Niement, a denying, disaduowing, or gain- 
saying. 1651-3 Jer, Taytor Serm. for Year 1. iv. 43 No 
publick or imaginative disavowings .. can be sufficient. 
1698 R. FerGuson View Eccles. 7 As that great and learned 
man Mr. Baxter. .disavowedly, and with an openess natural 
to him, doth express himself. 1889 Sa¢. Rev. 28 Sept. 345/2 
The disavowable, but not yet disavowed, agents of Russia. 

Disavowal (disavaual). -[f. Disavow z. after 
Avowat.] The action of disavowing or refusing 
to acknowledge; repudiation, denial. 

1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (J.), An earnest disavowal of 
fear, often proceeds from fear. 1828 D’Israri Chas. /, I. v. 
114 The disavowal of the acts of a minister threw everything 
back. 1868 E. Epwarvs Raleigh I. ii. 30 An official dis- 
avowal followed in due course, 

+ Disavow‘ance. 0s. rare. [f. Disavowz., 
after: AVOWANCE and OF, desavouance (14th c. in 
Godef.).] = Disavowat. 

a1716 Sout Servm. VI. i. (R.) The very corner-stone of 
the English Reformation was laid in an utter denial and 
disavowance of this point [the papal supremacy]. 

+ Disavow’'er !. Ods. rare. [f. Disavow v. + 
-ER suffix : corresp. to F. desavouer, infinitive used 
subst.] Disavowing, disavowal. 

1648 Fatrrax, etc. Remonstrance 33 This .. we can take 
to intend no lesse then a plaine dissavouer of this Treaty, 

Disavow’'er *: see after Disavow v. 


+Disavow'ment. Olds. rare. [f. Disavow 2. 
+-MENT: perh. repr. OF. desavouement (14th c. in 
Godef.)] = Disavowat. 

1637 Wotton Let. to Regius a in Relig. Wotton. 
(1672) Fiva, His Holiness .. will not press you to any 

i vowment thereof. 

patie © Obs. [f. Disavow v., after 
Avowry and OF. desavouertie, desavowry (in 
a). The action of disavowing; disavowal. 

1588 J. H[{arvey] Discoursive Probl. 65 Concerning the 
generall disauory, and discredit of such speciall matters. 
a@164r Br. Mounracu Acts §& Mon. (1642) 498 He dis- 
claymeth it utterly in that disavowry ; My Kingdome is not 
of this world. 1650 B. Discolliminium g Christ .. thought 
such a Disavowry .. a sufficient salvo for his act. 

Disbalance (disb‘lins), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Bauance v.] ¢rans. To disturb the balance or 
equilibrium of, to put out of balance. Hence Dis- 
balanced, Disba lancing #//. adjs., Disba‘lanc>- 
ment, disturbance of equiljbrium. ‘ 

1853 Lyncu Se//Jmprov. v. 111 Some are shy .. there i& 
a decomposing, disbalancing force in them, 1866 ALGER 
Solit, Nat. § Man ww. 252 To..enlarge existing dishalance- 
ments, and intensify the discords already experienced, 1885 
Sat. Rev. 7 Feb. 170/2 The disbalanced mind of this par- 


woman. 
+Disba'lass, v. ds. [f. Dis- 6 + dalass, 
16th c. form of BALLAst d.] trans. To free from 
ballast or burden ; to disburden. 


3576 shot gl “neat prose gn £3633) 170 Man.. having 


fe of his provocative 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


407 


superfluous Sperme to fetch his breath the better. 1592 
G. Harvey New Letter 14 But now you must lend me 
patience untill I have disbalased my mind. 

Disband (disbe'nd), v. f[ad. 16th c. F. des- 
bander, mod.¥. débander ; in military sense after 
It. sbandare (cf. Sp., Pg. désbandar), f. It. banda, 
I. bande, BAND 56.3, 

In the sense ‘to unbind, loosen, let loose, unbend a bow’, 
etc. desbander (also desbender) goes back to 12th c. in 
OF. : cf. DisBenp,] 

I. ¢rans. 1. To break up (a band or company) ; 
to dissolve and dismiss from service (a military or 
other force). 

1sgt_Garrarp Art Warre 156 And afterwards disband 
them in such a place. 1649 Br, Guturie AZewe. (1702) 45 
The Marquiss of Huntley .. disbanded his Forces. 1701 
DE For 7rve-born Eng. 1.148 No Parliament his Army 
cou'd disband. 1771 Funius Lett. \xii. 322 You talk of dis- 
banding the army with wonderful ease and indifference. 
1868 Pall Mall G. 23 July 5 The 1st East York Artillery 
Volunteers..has been disbanded on account of insubordi- 
nate conduct. 1878 Bosw. Smit Carthage 72 When Aga- 
thocles died, his mercenary troops were disbanded. 

+b. To dismiss, discharge, or expel from a 
band or company, Oés. 

1626 J. Yates /dis ad Caesarem ii. 6 You haue fathered 
vpon mee that bastard, which your selfe disbands. 1666 
Lp. Orrery State Letters (1743) 1. 54 To take notice of my 
securing and disbanding Langley. 1667 Fraven Sart 
Indeed (1754) 124 Thou art disbanded by death, and called 
off the field. 1699 Dampier Joy, IL. 1. 71 After 30 years 
service a Soldier may petition to be disbanded. 

@ ref. (=4: 

1603 Knoties //ist, Turks (J.), They disbanded them- 
selves, and returned every man to his own dwelling. 1614 
Syivester Bethulia’s Rescue v. 20 Each, as him listeth, 
dares him now dis-band. 1651 tr. //ést. Don Fentse 275 
Leon disbanded himselfe upon the instant. 1659 B. Harris 
Parival’s Iron Age 77 marg., His Army disbands it self. 
1855 Macauay /ist, /ng. IIL. 252 They paid .. so much 
respect to William’s authority as to disband themselves 
when his proclamation was published. 

+2. To let loose, turn off or out, dismiss from 
union or association, send away. Ods. 

1604 Eart Stirtinc A vvora iv. (R.), What savage bull 
disbanded from his stall, Of wrath a signe more inhumane 
could make? 1625 Br. Mountacu 4/f. Cvsaru. ii. 114 
M. Mountagu .. hath disbanded them from their shelter. 
1643 Mitton Divorce vii. (1851) 37 And therfore by all the 
united force of the Decalogue she [the wife] ought to be 
disbanded, unlesse we must set marriage above God and 
charity. 1715 tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1,1. x. go They 
disband all Trouble and Anxiety from the pensive Mind, 
1790 J. B. Morvon West India [slands 108 Her husband 
.. took the.. little ones into his own protection, and dis- 
banded their vile mother. 

+3. To break up the constitution of, dissolve, 
disintegrate. Ods. 

1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist, Earth ui. ii. (723) 176 That 
a Quantity of Water sufficient to make such a Deluge was 
created .. and, when the Business was done, all disbanded 
again and annihilated. 1793 W. Ronerts Looker-on Ixvi. 
(1794) III. 31 The very Beneuts of civilization have been 
destroyed in a moment, and society itself disbanded, 

IL. zntr. (for ref.) 

4. To break up as a body of soldiers, to cease 
to be a band or company ; to break rank, fall into 
disorder, disperse; to leave military service. 

1598 BaRRET Theor. Warres u. i. 28 Shewing them.. how 
to disband, and how to fal into troupes. _@ 1608 Sir F, Vere 
Comm. 8,1 commanded our men not to disband, but pursue 
them. 1611 Speep ///st. Gt. Brit. vi. xiv. § 12. 92 The rest 
disbanded, turned their backes, and fled toward the desert. 
1724 De For Mem. Cavalier 1840) 200 They began to dis- 
band, and run every way. 1835 Atison Hist, Europe 
(1849-50) III. xiii. § 30. 26 The troops .. openly threatened 
to disband. 1855 Macautay //ist. Zug. II. 268 Feversham 
had ordered all the royal army to disband. 

+5. To break up into its constituent parts, dis- 
solve; to separate, retire from association. Obs. 

1633 G. Herpert Temple, Assurance vi, When both rocks 
and all things shall disband. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. E-renp. 
1. viii. 81 He makes a confident resolution .. though the 
purpose disbands upon the next temptation. 1697 CoLLieR 
Ess. Mor. Subj. jase 117 They [Men of Honour] should 
throw up their Fortune; and Disband from Society. 

Hence Disbanded //. a., turned loose out of 
their ranks; disordered; scattered or disperscd ; 
dismissed ; Disbanding vd/. sb. and ffi. a. 

161r Cotcr., Desbanfade, a disbanding ; a cassing of 
whole troups, or companies of souldiours. — Desbandé, 
disbanded. 1625 MarkHam Souddier’s Accid. 15 The Ser- 
eants are .. to leade loose and disbanded fyles of Shot in 
Siirmish. 1641 Nicholas Papers (Camden) 18 Letters .. 
touchinge the disbandinge of the Scottishe Armie. 1 
Secr. Serv. Money Chas. II §& Yas. II (Camden) 36 To.. 
2,159 13° ot .. paid .. for the disbanding tax for the county 
of Leicest®, 1689 Lutrrett Brief Red. (1857) I. 547. The 
house of commons had the late disbanded judges before 
them. 1712 Arsutunot Yohn Buil i. iii, A poor disbanded 
officer. a18gq9 Macautay ‘ist. Eng. xxiv. V. 170 He ad- 
mitted it to be necessary for him to give his assent to the 
disbanding bill. 1874 REEN Short Hist. viii. § 6. 524 
The disbanded soldiers of the army..spread over the 
country. 

Disbandment (disbendmént).. [f. prec. 
+-MENtT: cf. F. débandement (1701 in Hatz.- 
Darm.)] The action or fact of disbanding or 
dispersing ; dismissal from corporate existence. 

1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5875/2 Full Pay allowed .. for doing 
Duty after Disbandment. 1768-74 Tucker L?. Nat. (1852) 
II. 182 The very recent disbandment of that body-guard of 
popery the Jesuits. 1837 Cartyte 7. Rev, II. um. iii, (1848) 


DISBEAUTIFY. 


2 The august Assembly .. dare nowise resolve, with Mira- 
eau, on an instantaneous disbandment and extinction. 1864 

pee Tel. 3 Sept., The disbandment of the Basingstoke 
»Rifles. 

+ Disba‘ndon, v. Ods. rare. [By-form of 
DisBanp v. after BANDON.] = DISBAND. 

1640-1 Airkcudbr. War-Comm. Min, Bk. (1855) 48 Thair 
sogers are disbandoning for want of manteanment, 1641 
Eart Monmoutn tr. Biondi’s Civitl Warres 1. 74 The King 
writ unto him to disbandon his forces. 

+ Disba'nk, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7. ¢+ Bank 
sb.1] entr. (for ref.) To pass over its banks or 
borders ; to overflow, to debord. 

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 218 The River Zuama, 
which disbanks as Nile do’s. 

+ Disbar, v.! Oés. [f. Dis-1 4 Barv.: cf. OF. 
desbarrer, mod.F. débarrer to unbar: sce DEBAR.] 
trans. To exclude, shut out, prevent, stop; = 
DEBAR v. 

1565 GotpinG Ovid's Wet. x. (1593) 255 Then Neptunes 
impe her swiftnesse to disbarre, ‘Trolld downe a tone-side of 
the way one apple of the three. 1571 — Cadzix on P's, To 
Rdr. 10 Too the intent all vaunting myght bee disbarred 
the further of. 1598 Barrit Theor Warres w. iv. 114 To 
disbarre all odds and inconueniences. 

Disbar (disbas), 7.2 [f. Dis- 7 + Bar 5d.!] 
1. ¢rans. ‘Yo expel from the bar; to deprive of the 

status and privileges of a barrister. 

1633 R. Verney in I erney Papers (1853) 157 He is to be 
degraded in the universitie, disbarred at the innes of court. 
1828 Adin. Rev. XLVIL. 495 In his Utopia such practisers 
..would be disbarred. | 1848 Wuarton Law Lex, Dis- 
barring, expelling a barrister from the bar, a power vested 
in the Lenchers of the four inns of court, subject to an appeal 
to fifteen Juds 1871 Daily News 15 Apr. 2 In the event 
fa barrister being disbarred..the Judges may revise and 
srse the decrees of the benchers. 

+2. ‘To deprive of bars or that which bars. Qds, 

1636 N. Watrincton in Av, Dubrensia (1877) 33 When 
all forts are disbarr’d Of Battlements, of Gunnes, and Bul- 
warkes marr'd. 

Tisba‘rbarize, v. vare. [f. Dis- 6 + Bar 
BARIZE.] a. ¢vans. To free from barbarism ; 
DEBARBARIZE. Db. 7r¢. (for reff. To cease to be 
barbarous; to lay aside barbarism. 

1803 W. ‘T'aytor in sxx, Nev. 1 362 A new progf that 
benevolence alone disbarbarizes the savage. 1808 /dz:/. 111. 
s22 The slave-coast began from that period to disbar- 
barize. 

+ Disbark (disba-1k),v.! Ols. Also 6-7 -barke, 
7-8 -barque. fad. F. desbarguer (1564 in Hatz.- 
Darm.), mod.F. dbarguer, f. des-, DIs- 4+ barque 
Bark 50.2: cf. It. sharcare.] =DEBARK v.!, Dis- 
EMBARK. @. (7 ais, 

1ss2 ct 5-6 Edw. V/, c. 14 § 12 If he..there do disbark, 
unlade and sell the same. 1632 Lirncow 7%av. v. 187 That 
in the night, they should have entred the Haven, disbarke 
their men, and scale the walles. 1709 Royal Proclam. 20 Oct. 
in Lond. Gaz. No. 4605/1 [To] be..carried..to the Port .. 
and there to disbarque and sell the same. 1725 Port Odyss. 
x1, 22 We.. Disbark the sheep, an offering to the gods. 

b. zntr. (for ref.) 

1585 IT. Wasuincton tr. NVicholay’s Voy. 1. vii. 37 b, From 
Constantinople into Italy, where I disbarked to go to Rome. 
1692 Hacker Collect. Orig. Voy. (1699) 1V. 16 Being now 
got to Leghorn..I there disbarqued. 1842 Manninc U7) 
of Church \. iv. 107 We read that he ‘disbarking from the 
ship with great joy, hastened to see St. Polycarp’. 

Hence Disba‘rking wv0/. sé, 

1598 Fiortio, Séarcamento, an vnshipping, a disbarking, 
alanding. 1625 J. GLANvILL | oy. to Cadiz 33 [To] finde a 
landing place fitted for our disbarkeing. 

Disba‘rk, v.2 Also 6-7 -barke, 7 -barque. 
[f. Dis- 7a + Bark 5d.1: cf, DeBarK v.2] trans. 
To divest of the bark, strip the bark off (a tree), 
decorticate ; = DEBARK v.* 

1578 Forto 1s¢ /ruites 86 The forreyne knyfe doothe dis- 
barke it. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 102 If we disbarke 
a bough or branch where sap is up. 1797-1803 Foster in 
Life & Corr. (1846) I. 176 Oaks cut down, disbarked and 
embrowned by time. 1812 Sforting Mag. XXXIX. 192 
Disbarking those whose tops they [rabbits] cannot reach. 

b. To strip off (bark). 

1659 Gate Lang. Uni. x. § 109 marg., The hard rinde 
(outward bark which may be dinbarked) ie without. 
Hence Disba‘rked f/. a., divested of bark; Dis- 
barking v/. sb., decortication. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 541 Neither doth the tree Adrachne 
find any hurt or offence by disbarking. 1657 Austen Fruit 
Trees 1. 137 This bough may be cut off below the disbarked 
place. 1725 Braptey Fame. Dict. s.v. Tree, The pricking 
and disbarking of the Roots. 

Disbarment (disba-imént).  [f. DisBar v.2 + 
-MENT ] The action of disbarring a barrister. 

1862 Sat. Rev. XIII. 639/2 Appealing .. against the 
Benchers’ sentence of disbarment. 1874 Daily News 5 Dec., 
As he means to appeal against their order of disbenchment, 
he should include in that appeal their order for disbarment. 

+ Disba‘se, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 5 + Base 
v.l; cf.ABASE, DEBASE.] ‘vans. =DEBASE, 

a1so2z Greene Alphonsus Dram. Wks. II. 56 First I will 
die in the thickest of the foe Before I will disbase mine 
honour so. 1601 B. Jonson Poetas/er u. i, Before I disbased 
[v.r. disbast] myself, from my hood and my farthingal to 
these bum-rowls and your whale-bone bodice. 

Disbeaw tify, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] ¢vans. To 
undo the beautifying of, deprive of beauty. 

1577 Stanyuurst Descr. Ired. in. Holinshed V1. 5 The 
women have an harsh and brode kind of pronuntiation .. 
which dooth disbeautifie their English above measure, 


DISBECOME. 


+ Disbeco'me, v. 0ds. [f. Dis- 6+ Brcome 2. 
III.] ¢rans. To misbecome; to be unbefitting for 


or unworthy of. Hence Disbeco-ming opt. a., wn-- 


becoming, unbefitting. 

1632 Massincer & Fietp Fatal Dowry v. ii, [Lest] your 
com, --Move you to anything that may disbecome 
The place on which you sit. @ 1639 7639 W. Wuatecy Prototypes 
11. xxix. (1640) 163 No calling. .can so much disbecome a man, 
or reproach and abase him .. then this of having no calling. 
Ibid. 11. xxxiv. (1640) 174 This forgetfulnesse .. is a most 
disbecomming vice. 


Disbelief (disb/I7f). [f. Dis- 9 + Betrer.] 
The action or an act of disbelieving ; mental rejec- 
tion of a statement or assertion; positive un- 
belief. 

-_ Wixiss Nat. Relig. 1. iii. (R.), Those who will pre- 
tend such kind of grounds for their disbelief of any thing. 

TILLoTsoN iat Our belief or disbelief of a thing does 
not alter = nature of thething. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Larth 
1, (1722) 277, I have, Lthink, just reasons for my Disbelief. 

172) Rance Rom. Forest vii, Your Good sense, 
Adeline, I think, will teach you the merit of disbelief. 
1865, Lecky Rationalism 1. i. 12 A disbelief in ghosts and 
witches was one of the most prominent oe of 
scepticism in the seventeenth century, CarPENTER 
Ment. Phys. 1. xx. (1879) 699 [They] P will rift away into 
either vague unbelief or absolute disbelief. 


Disbelieve (disb/l7v), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Br- 
LIEVE ¥.] 

1. trans. Not to believe or credit; to refuse 
credence to: a. a statement or (alleged) fact: To 
reject the truth or reality of. (With simple obj. or 
obj. clause.) 

1644 [see Dispetievinc below]. 1678 Cupwortn Jntell. 
Syst, 18 (R.) There have been doubtless in all ages such as 
have disbelieved the existence of any thing but what was 
sensible. 1714 Spect. No. 527 #2 People will be as slow 
and unwilling in disbelieving scandal, as they are quick and 
forward in believing it. 1795 SouTHEY Foan of Arc\. 77 
That misgiving which precedes belief In what was disbe- 
lieved and scoff’d at late For folly. 1864 J. H. Newman 
Apologia 162 Did Henry VIII... disbelieve Purgatory? 
1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 1. ix. § 2 (1879) 395 It does not 
rest with any man to determine what he shall believe or 
what he shall disbelieve. 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 68 
He disbelieves In the heart of him that edict which for 
truth his head receives, 

b. a person in making a statement. 

Bentiey Pha?/. 273 Plutarch disbelieved Phanias. 
Hatvam in Edin. Rev. XLIV. 2 There would be no 
historical certainty remaining, if it were possible to disbelieve 
such a contemporary witness as Sir Thomas More. P 

2. absol. or tntr. 

1755 Younc Centaur i. Wks. 1757 IV. 106 Eve doubted, 
and then eat..most of Eve’s daughters first taste, and then 
disbelieve. 
not possible to hear and disbelieve. 1818-60 WHATELY 
Commonpl. Bk. (1864) 48 It is very evident that the opposite 
to credulity is scepticism, and that to disbelieve is to 
believe. 

3. intr. with 72: Not to believe in; 
faith in: cf. BELIEVE 1, 3. 

1834 W. Ind. Sketch-bk. 1. 172 He disbelieves in the 
glowing changes of colour in the dying dolphin. 1856 
Mrs. BrowninG Aur. Leigh v. 739, L disbelieve in Christian 
pagans, much As you in women-fishes. 1869 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. (1876) II. xii. 222, 1 do not altogether dis- 
believe in the story. 

Hence Disbelie-ving 7//. sb. and ff/. a.; Dis- 
belie'vingly adv., in a disbelieving manner; with 
disbelief. 

1644 Hammonp Pract. Catech. (J.), The disbelieving of an 
eternal truth of God's. 1 3 Chicago Advance 22 June, 
Hester shook her head disbe tevingly, but Daisy rattled on. 
Disbelie-ver. [f. prec. + -En1.] One who 
disbelieves or refuses belief ; an unbeliever. 

1648 w. Mountacur Devout Ess, 1, viii. § 2 (R.) The in- 

er and d s of the facility of this medium. 
a 1748 Watts (J.), An humble soul is frighted into senti- 
ments, because a man of great name pronounces heresy 

n the contrary sentiments, and casts the disbeliever out 

the church. 1799 Sourney Lett. (1856) 1. 64, I am not 
a-disbellever 3 in these things, but that story is not among 
the credible ones. 1818 WueweLt in Todhunter’s Acct. 
(1876) 11. 26 He attacks disbelievers, but has very little to 
say to mere unbelievers. 

Disbench (disbe'nf),v. [f.Dis- 7c + Bencu sé.] 

+1. trans. To remove or displace from a bench 
or seat; to unseat. Ods. 

1607 Snaxs. Cor. u1. ii. 75 Sir, I hope my words dis-bench’d 
you not? 

2. To deprive of the status of a bencher ; to strike 
off the name of (a person) from the roll of the 
senior members of the Inns of Court. 

1874 Observer 2 Aug., After a long deliberation they de- 
cided to disbench Dr. Kenealy..It was further intimated 
that if the publication oft the nglishman was continued... 

the might have to consider the 


to have no 


poe sy of disbarring him, 

Hence Disbe‘nchment, the fact or process of 
disbenching (sense 2), 

1874 [see DisparMENT]. 

+ Disbend, v. O¢s. [f. Dis- 6+ Benn v.: cf. 
_OF. desbender, var. of desbander in same sense.] 
trans. To unbend (e.g. a bow), relax, let loose. 

1607 Kart Stiruinc Ful. Cesar i, ii. Chor. As libertie 
a — doth me po: So bondage doth ‘disbend, els els breake 
the heart. Gow Trav. x. 488, 1 Organize the 
Truth, you Allegate the Sense, Disbending cominous de- 
fects, in your absurd pretence, 


1795 SoutHey Foan of Arc ui. 188, I feel it is- 


408 
+Disbind, v. Ols. rare. [D1s- 6.] trans. 


To unbind, to loose. 


& 1638 Mupe Disc. Matt. vi. 9 (1672) 1. 12 How dare we 
dis-bind or loose our selves rh he tye of that way of 


izing and honouring God? 
“Disbi . 2. nonce-rwd, [f.Dis- 7b.) trans. 


ie deprive of episcopal office or dignit 
A 58 mn Swwowt Sem (842) 43 He ry ee dealt withal 


bishopped. 

+ Disblarme, v. Obs. [a. OF. desblasmer, 
-blamer, f£. des- (Dis- 4) + blasmer to BLAME.] 
trans. To free from blame, acquit, exculpate. 
pene Disbla‘ming v#/. sb., exculpation. 

4 CHAUCER Tvoylus U1. Prol. 17, 1..pray yow mekely, 
Disk jameth me yf ony word be lame, For as myn auctor 
seyde so sey I. 1631 Cedestina v1. 75 Thou hadst come to 
disblame ae excuse thy doings. 1638 Baker tr. Ba/zac’s 
Lett. 1. (1654) 79 But to disblame both of us, I beseech you 
hereafter to have more care of my modesty. 1656 Finett 
For. Ambass. 240 (T.) His humble "request but of one 
quarter of an hour's e for his d 

Disblock, v. rare. [f. Lis- 7¢+ BuooKk sb. 

4¢, d.J trans. To remove (something) from the 

tiock (or head) on which it is placed. 

1665 J. Witson Projectors 1. Dram. Wks. (1874) 224 Do 
you not observe, sir, how hard he wrings his brows, to the 
manifest hazard of disblocking his periwig ? 

bloom, v. [f. Dis- 7 a+ Buoom sd.] ¢rans. 
i deprive of bloom, Hence Disbloo-med ///. a. 

Stevenson Old Mortality in Longm. Mi V. 76 
re rary flavour of the gardener hung about them [t e grave- 
diggers], but sophisticated and disbloomed. 

+ Disboa'rd, v. Ods. rare. Also 7 disbord. 
[a. OF. desborder (mod.F. déborder) (in various 
senses), f. des- (D18- 1) + bord, BoarD.] 

1. zntr. = DISEMBARK. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. xiv. 486 They streightly bound me, 
and did all disbord To shore to supper, in contentious rout. 

2. To pass outside or over the border or edge. 
Cf. DEBORD v. 2. 

1725 Braptey Kam. Dict.s.v. Shoeing, If the Foot be very 
narrow let the Shoe disboard without the Hoof. 

(disbg'di), v. [f. Dis- 7 + Bopy sé.] 
trans. =DisrMBopy. Hence Disbo'died Ppl. a, 
disembodied. 

1646 J. Hatt Poems 38 Come, Julia, come ! let’s once dis- 
body what Strait matter ties to this and not to that. 1662 
Gianvitt Lux Orient. 143 (T.) They conceive that the dis- 
bodied souls shall return..and be joined again to bodies of 
purified and duly Lele grote air, 1734 Watts Relig. Fuv. 
(1789) 9 Ten thousand tongues Of hymning se: s and 
disbodied saints. 1870 LowEti Cathedr al Poet. Wks. (1879) 
448 We cannot make each meal a sacrament, Nor with our 
tailors be disbodied souls. 

+ Disbo'gue, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6+stem 
of Em-bocvE, perh. after Sp. desbocar = desembocar 
to disembogue, f. des- = Dis. 1 + boca mouth: the 
corresp. Fr. is déboucher: see Denouck.] intr, = 
DISEMBOGUE. 

1600 Haktuyt Voy. (1810) III. 302 The current of the 
Bay of Mexico, disbogging betweene the Cape of Florida 
and Havana. 1628 5 Thucyd.. (1822) 25 Near unto 
it disbogueth into the sea the lake Acherusia. 

Disbosca‘tion. [ad. med. L. dishoscatiin-em 
(Du Cange), f. Dis- 4+ med.L. doscus, boscum 
wood.] The clearing away of woods; the con- 
version of wooded land into arable or pasture. 

1726 Dict. Rust.(ed. 3), Disho{s\cation, a turning of Wood- 
ground into Arable or Pasture. Hence 1727 in Brapiry 
Fam, Dict.; 1764 in Baitey (folio, ed. Scott); 1775 in Asx; 
and in mod, Dicts. 

Disbosom (disbu:zam), v. [D1s- 
To disburden one’s bosom of; to un 
confess. Hence Disbo’soming v?/. sd. 

1844 BrowninG Colombe's Birthday 1. Poems 1887 II. 185 
This prompt disbosoming of love. 1868 — King & Bk. um. 
“Dis ome went Violante an dis' all. 

bound, v.1 Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 1 + 
Riba v.!] trans. To separate by boundaries. 


c.] trans. 
m; to 


A 


DISBURDEN. 


‘d earth me yori I naoche asian 


thereof. at is 


ply eg ad Poems, Burden of Nineveh ii, "T 
fll, ‘tess mitred Minoeaur’ A dead Siehomeled sxpeleope 

Disbrain (disbré'n), v. [£ Dis- 7a + Brain 
sb.] trans. To deprive of the brain; to dash out 
the brains of; to remove the brain from. Hence 
Disbrained ///. a. 

1631 Celestina xx. 5 What cruelty were it in me, he 
dying disbrained, that I should live ined all the daies of 
my life? at Nature XXX. 260 cere] were 

d and di Is manifested 


much reflex 
Dis beat, v. [f. Dis- 7a + 
Brancw sd.: cf. OF. desbrancher, -chir (in 


Godef.), f. des- (Dis- 4) + brancher, f. branche 
BRANCH 5b, 

1. trans, To cut or break off the branches of ; to 
deprive or strip of branches. 

1575 Art of Planting 15 If the trees be great .. ye must 
disbranch them afore ye set them . 1600 SURFLET 
Countrie ame 111. ed 17 It is best to disbranch and 
prune trees when the ginneth to rise vp into them. 

1719 Lonpon & Wisk Compl. Gard. 1x. i. 279 Peas that are 
disbranched, bear a_more plentiful Crop than others. 

G. G. A. Murray Gobi or Shamo xiv. 228 The fury of the 
explosion had uprooted and disbranched the .. trees. 

2. To cut or break off, as a branch ; to sever. 

1605 Suaks. Lear w. ii. 34 She that herself will sliver and 
disbranch From her material sap, perforce must wither And 
come to deadly use. 1611 Srrep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. 
§ 28(R.) That dukedome . . disbranched from France since 
“ year eight hundred ei hty-fiu was againe rent away. 

Lams Let. Wks. (1840) 14, conjecture it is ‘dis- 
Sonica” from one of your embryo hymns. 1865 Swin- 
BURNE Afalanta 126 All this flower life Disbranched 
and desecrated miserably. 

+3. intr. To branch off, spring out of. rare. 

1622 PEACHAM | Com, 2. Gent. ‘6a corn out of which 
familie disb hed that fi: Tr Thomas 
Cavendish. 

Hence Disbra‘nched ///. a., sheapaaens 
vbl, sb. 

1616 Surri. & Marxn. Country Farme 401 This disbranch- 
ing must be done in the decrease of the Moone. 1843 
Zoologist 1. 305 An old disbranched fir. : 

+Disbro‘ther, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s- 7 b.] 
trans. To undo the brotherhood of ;. to make no 
longer brothers. 

1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman d’Alf.1. (s609) 5 oa 
thing did difference them, but their Religion, whe rook the 
never argued, that they might not dis-brother aia’ 

+Disbu'ckle, v. Obs. rare. [D1s- 6.] trans. 
To undo the buckling of, to unbuckle, draw apart. 
' oe a —— ae Armes disbukling seuerall wayes 

vi 

Disbad (dist (disberd), “4 [f. Dis- 7a + Bup sd.] 
trans. To remove the buds of; to deprive of 
(superfluous) buds. 

1727 Braviry Fam, Dict. s.v. Disbudding, a. 
Apricocks, etc. are. .disbudded, that the r 
may be the better preserv'd. 1861 Decamer 7. oe 167 
Disbud dog-rose stocks, leaving only those buds to shoot, 
on which you intend to insert your bud. 1882 Garden 14 Jan. 
28/2 To prevent our Cherries and Plums from being entirely 
disbudded we are obliged to use a considerable amount of 
powder and shot every year. 

Hence Disbu'dding v//. sb.; Disbu‘dder, one 
who disbuds, 

1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s. v. Peach, The disbudding or 
pas am . consists in taking away the useless Branches, 
such as are found to be irregularl; eceuaned. 

Eart or Happincton Sout eeny isbuddings 
prunings as I have advised, ‘oop Fa mee jends 
& Foes 47 The bullfinch . . acting the part of a pruner and 


disbudder, 
-burthen (disbd-1d’n, -bd-10’n), 
v. [f. Dis- 7 +Burpen, BurTHEN sé.) 
1. trans. To remove a burden from (the bearer) ; 
to relieve of a on, “it. and . Highnes 
- ta Hen.VIL or 
1531-2 ~ 23 J ‘LHe. 20.83 The Kynges Highnes. 


x62r Ainswortn Avnot. Pentat. Lev. xxi. 24S 
in Greeke disparted (or disbounded) you from all ‘the na- 
tions. 

Disbou'nd, v.2 [f. Drs- 7c + Bounn sb.) intr. 
To extend beyond its bounds. (Cf. DisBanK, 
DIsBOARD 2.) 

E. Jones Poems, Sens. §& Event 39 The company 
mali hes space yx Bases +4 2 
jbourgeon, obs. form of gpg + ree 
Disbowel (disbau‘él), v. dysbowalyn. 
[f. Dis- 7a + Bowen sd, pad ‘0 take out the 
wels of, eviscerate; = DIsEMBOWEL. /it¢. and fig. 
cago Promp. Parv. 122 Dysbowalyn, Teg od exentero. 
1591 SPENSER a Soba Rome one A ea « halfe dis- 
bowel'd lies aboue t se Wnsox, etc, tr. 
Petronius A — 75 The argu that had oo to dis- 
bowel the = 171x Lurreett Brief Rel. oi 74 
His gg fad disbowelled, and put into ‘pick 
© take out (bowels or viscera). 
x R. W. Vancred & Gismunda vy. i. in Hazl. Dodsley 
4b. us was Earl Palurin Strangled unto the death, yea, 
Mad th His heart and blood disbowell’d from his breast. 
etl Disbowelled ffi. a., asia shaenerod 
Ss 
Promp. P Saga 122 Dysbowal 
4 A most Lap hag ye ma and Bxcellent 


1680 ond, bans dig he I 
way of Preservin, _—_ Putrefaction .. 
out Disb 2 ng ling or Cutting any 


and Wtellerabl of FLEMING Panopl. 

Epist. is Tam duburthened and ee of many cares and 

troubles. 1681 Drypen Sf, Friar ty. i, 
hened her this to you. 7 

Rollin's Anc, Hist, (1827) 1, m1. 155 To ease and dis 

the hive of its su habitants. 1863 Gro. Rut 


dich 


refi. 
hav selfe of 70 persons . 
a4 pF idl they & Fisner Frni. 19 Gulls ne not the 
cava a oop tad a 
ENS j= 
Burdened Nietself of his great surprise, Speer dno sat 
“o" trans. To get rid of (a burden) ; to discharge, 
unload, 


1586 Sipney (J. Legs oh m: ae I’ve ph 
Inte ty life's bondage hfe “A i 
pend Davies tr. Olearius’ oe 


disburthen in the Ve all the 


ngers to 
pen through it. “nthe Clay athe acai 
burded all thy cares on me 1801 Soutney Thalaé » aie 
A desert Pelican. . Her load of water had disburthen ar 


ed. fe) excuse 

ae oe Jose a 
b. ref. To discharge or empty itself ; to fall as 

i piso I. 3 Africa This small river . 
ead a sists ae om hes 


DISBURDENED. 


ry Suamnrow Puvenal 231 The port of Hostia, where 
‘Tiber disburdens it self into the T'yrrhene sea. 1761 Hume 
Hist, Eng. 1. iii. 65 A new generation of men .. who could 
no longer disburden themselves on Normandy, 

3. zntr. (for ref.) ‘To unload, to discharge its 


load. 

1667 Mitton P. L. Vv. 379 Where Nature multiplies Her 
fertil growth, and by disburd’ning grows More fruitful. 
cx S. Rocers /taly, St. Mark's Place 217 The prison- 
boat, that boat with many oars .. Disburdening in the Canal 
Orfano, That drowning-place. 

Disburdened, -bu'rthened, ///. a. [f. 
prec.+-ED1!,] Freed from burden. 

1598 FLorio, Scarico, free, quit, discharged, disburthened. 
1615 J. SrePHENS Saty, Ess. 133 Verses proceed from a dis- 
burthend braine. 1772 Fretcuer Logica Genev. 11 The 
disburdened clouds begin to break. 1832 G. Downes Le/?. 
Cont. Countries 1. 506 Two or three disburthened vehicles. 
1856 Bryant Poems, Ages xxv, With glad embrace The 
fair disburdened lands welcome a nobler race. 

Disbu'rdening, -bu'rthening, 2//.s/. [f. 
as prec. + -ING 1. 

1. A freeing from burden ; discharge ; unloading. 

58x in W. H, Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 415 Towardes 
the disburdening of the ffee farme. 1644 Mitton Areof. 
(Arb.) 61 This is not. .the disburdning of a particular fancie. 


rRYPE Ann, Ref. I. ii. 55 For the disburthening of | 


their consciences. 

+2. That which is discharged; a discharge. Ods. 

1686 ZLthiopian Adv. Heliodorus 7 (Jod.) A valley, that 
receives the inundations and disburdenings of Nilus. 

Disbu'rdening, ///.a.  [f. as prec. +-1NG 2.] 
That disburdens. 

1836 THIRLWALL Greece II. xi. 34 Solon .. met the reason- 
able expectations... by his disburdening ordinance. 

Disbu'rdenment, -bu'rthenment. [f. 
DISBURDEN v. + -MENT.] The act or process of 
disburdening ; the fact of being disburdened. 

1818 Bentuam Ch.-Eng. Pref. 35 Whether any such dis- 
burthenment shall be attempted. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Bede 
xi, He had never yet confessed his secret to Adam, but 
now he felt a delicious sense of disburthenment. 

+ Disbwrgeon, v. Ols. rare. Also 7 -gen. 

f. Dis- 7a + BurGEon sd.]  ¢rans. =Dssup. 

ence Disbu‘rgeoning wvé/. sd. 

1601 Hottann Pliny I. 533 For disburgening of vines, 
and clensing them of their superfluous leaues. /di2. 538 
Not .. to disburgen or deffoile altogether such trees. 

Disbursable (disbd-isab’l), a. [f. Dispurse 
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being disbursed. 

1885 G. Merepitu Diana I. xiv. 291 Anecdotes also are 
portable ., they can be carried home, they are disbursable 
at other tables. 

+Disbursage. Ods. rare. [f. as prec. +-acr.] 
The act of disbursing ; disbursement ; expenditure. 

jaz Srrype Eccl. Mem, 11. xxix. 490 An account..of the 
payment, and disbursage and discharge of the same. 

Disbursatory (disbd-1satari), a. [f. L. type 
*disbursare: see next, and -ory.] Characterized 
by or given to disbursing. 

1863 Mrs, C. Crarxe Shaks. Char. vi. 161 Fenton, the 
least capable of the three suitors to be disbursatory. 

Disburse (disba1s\, v. Also 6 -bourse, 
-bource, -bursse. [orig. désbourse, a. OF. des- 
bourser (13the. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod. F. débourser, 
in same senses, f. des-, D1s- 4 + dourse purse. Af- 
terwards assimilated to L. dussa, as if repr. a L. 
*disbursdre. Cf. DEBURSE, D1sPuRSE.] 

1, trans. To pay out or expend (money); to pay 
or defray (costs, expenses). 

1 Patscr. 517/2, I have disboursed for hym above a 
hundred pounde. x90 SHAks. Com. Err. iv. i. 38 Take 
the Chaine, and bid my wife Disburse the summe, on the 
a hp 1591 Horsey 7yav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 220, 
I disburst to him and them 300 dollers. 1647 N. Bacon 
Disc. Govt. 11. vii. (1739) 42 Importation does bring in more 
—_ than Exportation disburseth. x7or De For 77we- 

Eng. Introd. 33 Who Fifty Millions Sterling have 
disburs’d, 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 16/2 Whatever con- 
eget expenses you may find it necessary to disburse in 
Calcutta. @1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V.251 They had 
disbursed money largely, and had disbursed it with the 
certainty that they should never be re-imbursed unless the 
outlay proved beneficial to the public. 

+b. To defray (a charge). Ods. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. IV, 31 To disbource and pay al 
the costes and charges. 1 LAT Ferwell-ho. ut. 30 Dis- 
bursing the charge both of the Beere, and the ingredients. 
16rx Corvat Crudities 377 Rupertus Duke of Alemanny 
disbursed the greatest charge thereof. 

¢e. To pay for or on account of (anything). rare. 

1860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 73 Commission on cash 

advanced to disburse the ship, 5 per cent. 
d. absol. To make disbursement. 

— J. Sreruens Satyr. Ess, 12 Each alike constraines 
The hunger-bitten Client to disburse. 1636 Davenant IV/i¢s 
ly, ii, Sir .. you must disburse, For gold is a restorative. 

oe He has disbursed liberally in support of the cause. 

1593 

rsed be To those that liue and thinke no shame of me. 

x62 QuarLes Argalus § P. (1678) 52 In a whispering 

ge, he disburs’d His various thoughts. 1642 FULLER 

Holy § Prof, St. u, xix. [b] 126 He had rather disburse his 

at the present, x Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 40. 

(1682) 8 The said Sap being disbursed back into all the 
seminal Root. 


Hence Disbursed Z//. a.; Disbursing v0/. si, 
and £/l/. a. 
1564 Gotpinc Yustine 35 (R.) He demanded to haue the 
Vor, II, 


ig. and ¢ransf, To spend, give out or away. 
HAKS. Lycr, 1203 And all my Fame that liues dis- 


409 


disbursing of the mony himselfe. 1611 Cotcr., Desdoursé, 
disbursed, laid out of a purse. 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 1. 61 
His incomes are great, his disbursings little, 1858 Merc. 
Marine Mag. V. 173 These are deposited .. in charge of 
the .. disbursing agent. 

+Disbu'rse, 5d. Ols. [f. prec. vb.: cf. OF. des- 
dours (16th c. in Littré).] =DisBuRsEMENT. 70 
be in disburse, to be out of pocket. 

1608 Macuin Dumb Kuight v. ii, Come, there is Some 
odd disburse, some bribe, some gratulance Which make 
you lock up leisure. 1682 ScarLtetr Exchanges 186 Lest 
on the one hand he be in disburse, on the other, in cash 
for his Principal. 1716 S. Sewart Diary 8 Feb. (1882) IIL. 
73 [He] offers to be fis Quota towards this Disburse. 1742 
De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 1. 288 ‘Vhe annual Rent .. would 
abundantly pay the Publick for the first Disburses. 1782 
Evpuinston tr. Martial u. |xiii. 117 Of wealth in love 
luxuriant the disburse ! 

Disbursement (disba1smént).  [f. Dispurse 
v. + -MENT: cf. F. desboursement (16th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), now dé-.] 

1. The action or fact of disbursing. 

1596 Spenser State /red. Wks. (Globe) 651/1 The Queenes 
treasure in soe greate occasions of disbursementes .. is not 
allwayes soe. .plentifull, as it can spare soe greate a s 
togither. 1665 Hooke AZicrogr. Pref. Gb, His ch 
Disbursment for the replanting of Ireland. 1756-7 A’eysler’s 
Trav. (1760) 1. 245 Upon any. extraordinary disbursement, 
the cause of the difference in the account must be carefully 
entered. 1849 Grote Greece i. Ixii, (1862) V. 421 And that 
deficit was never so complete as to stop the disbursement 
of the Diobely, | : F 

2. That which has been disbursed ; money paid 
out; expenditure. 

1607 I estry Bhs. (Surtees) 148 This is the whole disburse- 
ment for this yeare 1607, 1818 Jas. Mit Arit. India II. 
iv. ix. 294 The surplus of receipts above disbursements. 
1847 Grote Greece 11. xxviii. (1862) IIL. 52 ‘The visitors, 
whose disbursements went to enrich the inhabitants of 
Kirrha. : 

Disburser (disbd'so1).  [f. Dispurse v. + 
-ER|!.] One who disburses. Also fig. 

16rr Sreep //ist, Gt. Brit, 1x. xxiv. 297 The sparing of 
money by the grand disbursers. 1660 W. Secker Nousuch 
Prof. 409 Faith is the great receiver, and love is the great 
disburser. 1746 Gen. Assembly Rec. (1838) 86 Mr. Dal- 
rymple was appointed receiver and disburser of said money, 
1881 77es 2 May 11/3 ‘The military disbursers knew they 
had drawn more than the audit testified to. 

Disburthen : see DispurDEN. 

Disbury (disbe'ri), 7. rave. [f. Dis-6 + Bury 
v.] ¢rans. Yo release from a buried condition ; 
to disentomb, disinter. Hence Disburied /7/. a. 

1835 Lytton Xeni m1. ili, Disburied secrets. 1862 — St. 
Story IL. 238 The quartz was shattered by the stroke, and 
left disburied its glittering treasure. 

Bisbutton (disby't’n), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 or 
7a + Burron sé. or v.] trans. a. To deprive of 
buttons. b. To undo the buttons of, to unbutton. 

1883 G. H. Boucuton in Harfer’s Mag. Apr. 700/2 His 
eldest son.. was disrobed and disbuttoned. 1887 Twix 
Soul I. vii. 58 As the Spartan boys kept their foxes under 
their waistcoats, defying the world to disbutton them. 

Dis-Byronize: see Dis- 6. 

Disc, a current variant spelling of Disk. 

+ Disca‘binet, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 7 + 
CaBInNet.] ¢vans. To divulge or disclose, as the 
secrets of a cabinet. 

1658 Mitton (¢/t/e), The Cabinet-Council, containing the 
chief Arts of Empire, and Mysteries of State, discabineted 
in Political and Polemical Aphorisms, grounded on Au- 
thority and Experience..By the ever renown'd Knight Sir 
Walter Raleigh. 

Discage (diskéi-dz), v. [f. Dis- 7¢ + Cace 
sb.] trans. To release or let out as from a cage ; 
to uncage, 

1649 G. Dantet Trinarch., Hen. V, ccxxvii, Trampling 
the Mud of mixed Brains discag’d From double fence. 1872 
Tennyson Gareth §& Lynette 19 Until she let me fly dis- 
caged to sweep In ever-highering eagle-circles up ‘To the 
great Sun of Glory. i 

Discal (di'skal), a. [f. L. désc-2s Disk +-Au.] 
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a disk; 
discoid. 

1848 R. Hitt in Gosse Nat. in Yamaica (1851) 345 The 
exceedingly discal character of the extremity. 1883 in Syd. 
Soc. Lex, 

Discalceate (diskze'lsijeit), 44/7. a. and sb. [ad. 
L. discalceat-us unshod, barefooted : see next.] 

A. ppl. a. Unshod, barefooted ; sfec. applied to 
certain orders of friars and nuns. 

1658 J. Bursury Hist. Christine, Q. Swedland 103 The.. 
present of 25 great bottles of wine, which the Queen caus’d 
to be given to the Carmelite Giecelcest Nuns. @ 1667 Jer. 
Taytor Reverence due to Altar (1848) 51 Justin Martyr .. 
saith that the Gentiles when they came to worship were 
commanded .. to be discalceate. 1715 M. Davies Athen. 
Brit, 1. Pref. 37 Unless..some of the discalceat Mer- 
cenary hay fey behind, 186x Neate Notes on Dalma- 
tia, etc. 180 Originally written by a Discalceate Carmelite. 

B. sd. A barefooted friar or nun. 

1669 WoopHEAD S¢, Teresa u. xvii. 118 Ten Covents of 
Discalceates. 1706 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist, 16th C. IU. tw. xi. 
449 From the Carmelites came the Congregation of those 
whom they call Discalceates. - 

+ Disca‘lceate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. discalceat- 
ppl. stem of L. déscalcedre to pull off the shoes, f. 
Dis- 4 + calcedre to shoe, calceus a nat 
_ 1623 Cockeram, Discalceate, to put off ones Shoes. 1656 
in BLount Glossogr. 


DISCANONIZE. 
Disca‘lceated, 7//. a. 


= DISCALORATE /f/. a. 

1639 W. Scrater Worthy Comniun. Rew. 15 In those 
hotter climates [they] went discalceated, and without shoes. 
1655 Futter Ch. //est. vi. vii. 364 The discalceated Nunnes 
of the Order of S. Clare. 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. 
V. 145 The Lutheran churches and convents here are the 
church of the discalceated. 1856 R. A. VauGuan Mystics 
(1860) II. 120 But thirteen ‘fervent virgins’ shall dwell there, 
discalceated (that*is, sandalled, not shod). 

+ Discalcea‘tion. Ods. [n. of action from 
L. discalcedre: see DISCALCEATE v.] The action 
of taking off the shoes, esp. in token of reverence. 

@ 1638 Mreve Reverence God’s Ho. Wks. (1672) uu. 347 An 
allusion. .to that Rite of Discalceation used by the Jews and 
other Nations of the Orient at their coming into Sacred 
places. 1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. ix. 138 The Pytha- 
gorean mode of discalceation, or putting off the shoes, at 
entrance into the ‘Temple. 

Discalced (diske'lst), Af/. a. 
vb. *déscalce, repr. L. déscalced-re + -ED. 
DISCHAUCE.] = DISCALCEATE ff/. a. 

1631 WEEVER dnc. Fun. Alon. 139 They are called Carmes 
discalced, or bare footed Friers. 1700 Rycaut Hist. Turks 
III. 264 ‘The King .. walked in Procession .. to the Church 
of the Franciscans discalced. 1867 LApy Herpert Cradle L. 
ix. 233 Carmel is thd head-quarters of the Discalced Carme- 
lites. 1885 Catholic Dict. 265 Vhe Carmelite reform both 
of men and women, instituted by St. ‘Teresa, is also dis- 
calced. ‘The discalced Augustinians (Hermits) were founded 
by Father ‘Thomas of Jesus, a Portuguese. 

+Discarle, v. Obs. [f. dé-=Dis- 7a+ SCALE 

sb.] trans. ‘Yo deprive of the shell or scales. 

1655 Movurnr & Benner //ealth’s Jprov.(1746) 271 Each 
of them [crevisses and shrimps] must be discaled, and clean 
picked with much pidling. 166r Lovent Afist. Anim. & 
Alin. 192 ‘Vo be sodden in milk till they be tender, being 
first discaled, and the long gut pulled out, 

+ Disca‘lendar, 7. 0s. Also 7 diskal-. 
[f. Dis- 7¢ + CALenpar sd.] drains. To erase or 
remove from the calendar. 

1593 Nasur Christ's 7. (1613) 40 The feast of Tabernacles, 
the feast of sweet Bread, and the feast of Weekes, shall quite 
bee discalendred. 1667 Warernouse Fire Lond. 84 Which 
Sept. ..let it be Discalendred, and not be numbered amongst 
the ‘Twelve. 

Discale:nohe'dron. (7ys¢. [f. Di-2+Sca- 
LENOHEDRON.] (See quot.) 

1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 63 A double twelve-sided pyra- 
mid, the faces of which are symmetrically arranged with 
respect to each of the seven planes of the hexagonal type of 
symmetry. .is called the discalenohedron. 

+ Discamera‘tion. Ols.7ave-'. [n. of action 
from L, type *déscamerare, f. Dis- 6+ L. camera 
chamber.] = DIsINCAMERATION. 

1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. 1. 200 Clement the ninth 
was never to be perswaded to the discameration of Castro. 

+ Discamp (diske'mp), v. J/7. Obs. [ad. It. 
scampare, with substitution of the full form of the 
prefix dés- for s-; cf. Decamp.] 

1. entry. To raise or break up a camp; to 
depart from a place of encampment; to decamp. 
Also fig. 

1579 Fenton Gudcciard. (1618) 213 After which accident.. 
they discamped secretly in the night to go to yuerey, w652 
Urqunart Jewel Wks. (1834) 211 Fidelity, fortitude, and 
vigilancie, must needs discamp, if Mammona give the word. 
@ 1693 — Radelais 1. xxxvii. 311 He was about discamping. 

2. ¢rans. a. To remove or abandon (a camp). 
b. To force (any one) from a camp, force to aban- 
don a camp. 

1574 HeLtowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1577) 272, 1 com- 
mand you to leaue your armour, to discamp your camp. 
1606 HoLtanp Sxetox, 25 No enemie put he ever to flight, 
but he discamped him and draue him out of the field. 1658 
J. Cores tr. Cleopatra vii. 140 He discamped his Army, and 
marched to meet Ariamenes. 

Hence Disca’mping v0/. sd. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. 11. (1599) 84 The King departed 
with his army before day, without sound of trumpets, to 
couer his discamping as much as he could. 61x Corcr., 
Descampement, a discamping. 

+ Discandy, v. Obs. rare. (Also 7 erron. 
discander.) [f. Dis-6+ Canby v.] ztr. To melt 
or dissolve out of a candied or solid condition. 

1606 SHaks. Ant. § Cl, ul. xiii. 165 By the discandering 
of this pelletted storme. 7d. 1v. xii. 22 The hearts .. to 
whom I gaue Their wishes, do dis-Candie, melt their sweets 
On blossoming Czesar. 

+Disca‘non, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7e + 
Canon sb.] ¢vans. To exclude from the canon. 

1608 2nd Pt. Def. Reasons Refusal Subscription 218 He 
acknowledgeth arguments more forcible. .to discanon those 
bookes. F 

Disca‘nonize, v. [f. D1s- 6+Canonize.] 

+1. trans. To exclude from the canon. Ods. 

1605 SutcuirFE Briefe Exam. xviii. 87 We discanonize no 
book of canonicall scriptures. 1638 CuiLtinew. Kelig. Prot. 
1. ii. § 38. 67, Divers books must be discanoniz’d. 1660 
Fisuer Rustick’s Alarm Wks. (679) 289 Dis-Canonizing 
all others save such as are in your Bibles, called Canonical. 

2. To undo the canonization of. 

1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXIV. 521 They are 
discanonizing the heroes of religion, and raising altars to 
the apostles of philosophy, 

Hence Discanoniza‘tion. 

181r SHELLEY in Dowden Zi (1887) I. 151 The dis- 
canonisation of this saint of theirs is impossible. 

ant, variant of DEscANT, 
52* 


[fas prec. + -ED1.] 


[as if from a 
Ct. 


DISCAPACITATE. 


Discapacitate (diskipz'site't), v. rare. [f. 
Dis- 6 + Capacirate.] ‘rans. To deprive 2 


ca to incapacitate. 
Ag 4 "Crorron Fastening Peter's Fetters 38 Circum- 
stances attending themsel pnd Cocogpeicating inate ite 


the Act. mB Biog. Mem. Liston Misc. Wks. (1871) 
ig An — infirmity absolutely discapacitated him 
or tragedy. 

+ Discapita‘tion. Os. rare,. [n. of action 
from Rom, descapitare, OF . descapiter, for L, dé- 
capitare: see Dr- I. 6.] =Decariration. 

1787 W. Marsuat Norfolk 11. 332 Whether it be a uni- 
versal faculty belonging to flies .. to live in a state of dis- 
capitation, 

Discard (diska'sd), v.  [f. Dis- 7c + Carp sé, ; 
cf. OF. descarter (see DECARD); Sp., Pg. descartar 
(Minsheu 1599), It. scartare (for *discartare) ‘to 
discard at cards’ (Florio 1598).] ¢rans. 

1. Cards. To throw out or reject (a card) from 
the hand. Also adso/. 

In whist, etc., applied to the action of playing a card from 
one of the two remaining suits when not able to follow the 
lead and not trumping. 

3591 FLorio 2nd /ruites 69 Let vs agree of our game..goe 
to, discarde. 1680 Corton Gamester in Singer //ist. Cards 
265 By discarding the eights, nines, and tens, there will re- 
main thirteen cards. 1744 Hoye Piguet 49 After he has 
discarded he cannot alter his discard. 1816 Sincer // ist. 
Cards 238 The player. .discards three inferior cards. 1862 
Cavenpisu Whist (1879) 93 You weaken a suit by discarding 
from it. 1870 Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Whist 8. 

2. To cast off, cast aside, reject, abandon, give 
up. 

1598 FLorio, Dare nelle scartate .. to fall among ill com- 
panie, as a man would say among such asare discarded from 
others. 1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor, 1206, | was very 
much angry and offended that I was so discarded and left 
out. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 81 Senti- 
ments of shame and honesty .. are quite discarded by the 
Muscovites. 1727 Swirt Let, on Eng. Tongue Wks. 1755 
II. 1. 191 Many gross improprieties, which however au- 
thorised by practice .. ought to be discarded. 1764 Rep 
Inquiry ii. § 6. 109 They discarded all secondary qualities 
of ies. 1802 Mar. Evcewortn Moral 7. (1816) I. x. 87 
He had displeased his friends, and had been discarded in 
disgrace. 1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. ng. 1. i. 25 We have 
«discarded our faith in astrology and witches. 1878 HuxLEY 
Physiogr. 200 It is generally so warm that the miners are 
glad to discard most of their clothing. 

+ b. To cast or force away ( from another). rare. 

1596 Spenser F. Q. v. v. 8 He that helpe [i.e. her shield] 
from her against her will discarded. 

te. To divest, rid, or free (any one) of; also 
refl. Obs. rare. 

1656 S. Hottanp Zara (1719) 73 The more peaceful Souls 
[are] discarded of their Anxieties. 1732 Gentleman In- 
structed (ed. 10) 293 (D.), I only discard myself of those 
things that are noxious. /d/d. 492 (D.) The old man's avarice 
discarded him of all the sentiments of a parent. : 

3. To dismiss from employment, service, or 
office ; to cashier, discharge. 

@ 1586 Sipney (J.); These men... were discarded by that un- 
worthy prince, as not worthy the holding. 1688 Lurrrety 
Brief Rel.(1857) 1. 472 A soldier haveing spoken base words 
«. was whipt, and the next day.. dis-carded. 1712 Swirt 
Frnl. to Stella 9 Jan., My man..is a sad dog; and the 
minute I come to Ireland I will discard him. 1858 BuckLe 
Civiliz. (1873) IL. viii. 573 Having discarded the able ad- 
visers of his father, he conlered the highest posts upon men 
as narrow and incompetent as himself. : : 

+b. With double object: To dismiss or banish 
(a person) from (a place). Oéds. 

1650 W. BrouGu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 66 Lest I be disgraced 
and discarded Thy Palace and (ees for ever. 1670 
Watton Lives 1. 48 A Person of Nobility. .was at this very 
time discarded the Court, and justly committed to prison. 

Discard, sé. [f. prec. vb.] 


1. Cards. a, The act of discarding or rejecting a 
card from the hand. b. The card so rejected. 

1744 [see Discarp v.1.] 1778 C. Jones /oyle's Games 
Impr., Piguet 119 In order to capot the Elder-hand, you are 
to make a deep Discard, such as the Queen, Ten, and Eight 
of a Suit. 1876 A. Camppect-WaLker Correct Card Gloss., 
Discard, the card you Pe’, when B cannot follow suit, 
and do not trump it, 1878 H. 1pBs Ombre 22 Havin 
placed his discard on the pool dish, he takes from the Stoc! 
a number equal to his discard. 1885 Proctor Whist viii. 92 
Your original discard indicates your shortest suit if trump 
strength is not declared against you, 

2. That which is discarded, an offcast. rare. 

1892 Stevenson Across the Plains 297 In the brothel the 
discard of society. 


Discarded (diska-udéd), gs/. a. [f, Discarp 
v.+-ED 1.) 

1. Cards, Thrown out from the hand, 

@ 1631 Donne Serm. xxxviii, 377 We have seen in our age 
Kings discarded and ..the discarded Cards taken in again 
and winthe Game. 1816 Sincer //ist, Cards 239 The dealer 
for whom the discarded cards count. 

2. Cast off, rejected; dismissed from employ- 
ment, discharged. j 

1595 SHaks. Yohn vy. iv. 12 Welcome home againe dis- 

ied faith, 1718 Freethinker No. 76 P 2 A discarded 
Servant has it in his power to dishonour his Master or Mis- 
tress, Macautay //ist, Eng. 11. 13 The wisdom and 
virtue of the discarded statesman. Jowrtr Plato 
I. 69 We have again fallen into the old discarded error, 

Discarder (diska-1do1), [f as prec, + -ER1.] 
One who discards or re 

1880 Burton 0. Anne II. x. 158 That eccentric discarder 
of conventionalities, 


= 7 yo - 


410 


+Discardinate, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 6+ L. 
cardin-em hinge + -aTE3: cf. L. cardinat-us 
hinged.] ¢vans. To unhinge. 

1652 Bentowes 7heofh. v. xviii, Canst Motion fix? count 
Sands ?. . Discardi the Sphears? 

weit i hpmcmy ), v2. sb. [f. Discarp 
v. +-ING 1] e action of the verb Discarp. 

1. Cards. The rejection or throwing out of a card 
from the hand. Also a¢tr7d. 

1593 PerLe Chron. Edw. J (1829) I. 129 Since the King hath 
put us among the discarding cards, and as it were turned us 
with deuces and treys out of the deck. 1594Carew Huarte’s 
Exam. Wits viii. (1596) 112 To know..the skill of discard- 
ing, 1778 C. Jones Hoyle’s Games Impr., Piguet 119 By 
which Manner of discarding, you have a Probability of 
scoring fifteen Points for your Quint in Diamonds. 

2. Rejection, abandonment; dismissal from em- 
ployment, discharge. In quot. 1840 concr. That 
which is discarded. 

1660 T. M, //is¢. rl poy 1v. 55 A hot-spur zealot .. 
whose ambition made old Nol lay him aside as dangerous, 
and that dishonourable discarding created him a desperate 
Enemy to the Cromwelian..name. 1663 J. Spencer Prodi- 
Sd (1665) 306 The discarding of that rash Principle. 1840 

ROWNING Sorde¥lo vi. 444 Then subject ..to thy cruce 
the world’s discardings. 

isca ent. vare. [f. DiscarD v. + -MENT.] 
The action of discarding ; rejection, abandonment. 

1844 NV. Brit. Rev. 1. 395 Their discardment by the Hinds 
as religious authorities. 

+ Disca‘rdure. Obs. rare. 
-URE.] =prec. 

1780 Hayter Hume's Dial. 11. 38 In what shape does it 
constitute a plea for the entire discardure of religion ? 

Discare: see Dis- 9. 

Discarg, -carge, obs. var. DISCHARGE. 

+ Disca‘rnate, a. Obs. rare. [ad.late L. i 
*discarnat-us for L. dé-carnat-us : see De- I. 6), 
f. Dis- 4 + carn-em flesh, carnat-us fleshy ; cf. It. 
(dt) scarnato, Sp. descarnado, OF. descarné, mod.F. 
décharné.| Stripped of flesh, 

1661 Gianvitt Van. Dogm. 143 A memory, like a sepul- 


chre, furnished with a load of broken and discarnate 
bones. 


So + Disca‘rnated 7//. a., deprived of ‘ flesh’ or 
bodily form, disembodied; the reverse of zncar- 
nated. Obs. 

1728 Earsery tr. Burnet's St. Dead 1. 66 Jesus went thro’ 


[f. Discarp v, + 


| all, for he went to the Region of Humane Souls, and being 


discarnated, he was a living rational Soul, like to a humane 
one. 

+ Disca‘rve, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 1 + Carve. ] 
To dissect. 

154t R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. Procede in 
dyscaruynge almoste vnto yleon where as the gut begynneth 
that hyght Collon. FS 

Discase (diské's), v. arch. [f. Dis-7a+Case 
sb.] trans. ‘To remove the case or covering of; to 
uncase, unsheathe, undress, Also intr. (=reft.) 
Hence Disca‘sed f//. a. 

1596 Bett Surv. Poperyt. ut. ii. 97 Fell upon his discased 
sword. 1610 SHAKs. 7emf. v. i. 85 Fetch me the Hat, and 
Rapier in my Cell, [ will discase me, and my selfe ent 
As I was sometime Millaine. 1825 Lame Reflect. Pillory, 
Discase not, I pray you. 1882 B. Nicnotson in New 
Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1880-2) 343 Having discased himself of 
his doublet and vest. 

+ Disca‘sk, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7c + Cask.] 
trans. To take out of the cask, 

1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 239 No Tunny is suffered to be sold 
at Venice, vnlesse first discaskt, and searcht to the bottome. 

caste (diska'st), v. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7 ¢ 
+ CastE.] trans. To cause to lose caste. 

1881 Sat, Rev. No. 1323. 318 With the deliberate and 
formal purpose of discasting idolators, 

astle: see Dis- 7c. 

+ Disca'tter,v. Olds. Also 4 deskater, 5 des- 
eater, 8 dis-scatter. [In ME. de-scater, f. F.de-, 


des- (DE- 6, Dis- 1) +Scarrer; the prefix being 
subsequently conformed to L. dis-, dz-.] trans, To 


scatter abroad, disperse. Hence Discattered f// a. 

¢1325 Poem Times Edw, 11, 31 ; in Pol. Songs (Camden) 
337 Ti is so deskatered bothe hider and thidere. 1496 
Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) v. viii. 206 Woo be to the she’ 
herdes that thus descateren,.the flocke. 1597 Danie. Cre. 
Wars vi. \xxvi, The brok di ed [ed.171 
dis-tcattered] power. 1613-8 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng.(1626 
32 Petty revolts made by discattered troupes. 16 RATH= 
wait Arcad, Pr, 1. 43, I begunne to recollect my discatered 
senses, 

Disceas(e, -cees, etc., obs. ff. Deckasr, DISEASE, 

Disceat, -ceipte, -ceit, obs. ff. Decrrt. 

ue, -ceiue, etc., obs. ff. Decrrve, etc. 

t+ Discede, v. Ols. [ad. L. discéd-cre to = 

rate, depart, f. Dis- 1 + cédére to fo] intr. To 


depart, deviate, (Usually fig.) Hence Disce-d- 
ing vd/. sb. Ps . Pinte 

B Anth t. 0 on iscede 
ise ‘cust i ory ma Me Pen jo One part 


a 
of the said Cork would a h and make toward the 
stick, whereas another would discede and fly away. /did. 
This Disceding of the heat in glass drops by the. .cooling 
rradiations, 
Discede, obs. (bad) form of Drcmg. 
Discence, d, etc., obs. ff, Descence, 
DESCEND, etc. 


DISCERN. 
-tion, obs. ff. DEscensioy, D1s- 
t, obs. var. of DEscEenn. 


SENSION. 


1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1 
from the -. it immediatel ts to the Cittie. 
1659 MacaLto Can. Physick 37 The wandering discenting 

ins. 


pal 
Discent, obs. form of Descent, DissEnr. 
(dise*pt), v. rare. [ad. L, discept-are 
to contend, debate, decide, determine, f. dis- (D1s- 
2,.3)+ captare to try to catch, catch at, strive after, 
etc.] zztr, To dispute, debate; to express dis- 
agreement or difference of opinion, to ‘ differ’. 

1652 GauLe Magastrom. 27 It is God that thus discepts 
with you. 1818 T, L, Peacock Nightmare Abbey xi. 150 
Permit me to discept. 1855 Browninc Master Hugues of 
Saxe-Gotha xiv, One dissertates, he is candid; Two must 
discept,—has distinguished ; Three helps the couple, if ever 
yet man did. 1868 — Ring § Bk. x. 1350, I try it with my 
rong nor discept From any point I probe and pronounce 
soun 

Discept, obs. form of Drcerr. 

Disceptation (diseptéi-fan). arch. Also 4-7 
decept-,6 dyscept-, 6-7 descept-, 7-dissept-, 4-6 
-acio(u)n. [a. F. dzsceptation (14th c. in Godef.), 
ad. L. disceptation-em, n. of action f. disceplare: see 
Discert.] Disputation, debate, discussion. 

1382 Wycur Rom. xiv. 1 Take 3e a syk man in bileue, 
not in deceptaciouns[G/oss. or dispeticiouns] of thou3tis. x: 
More Dyadoge 11. Wks. 203/1 Our formar dysceptacion ao 
reasonyng, betwene vs before his departyng. 1602 
Fursecke Pandectes 15 The Emperour .. did cause a.. 
generall assemblie of estates to be held for the di: ion, 
and deciding of this doubt. 1670 Watton Lives 179: 
I. 65 ‘These unhappy disceptations between Hooker aa 
Travers. 1 Macens /usurances 11. 565 Such Contro- 
versy shall decided by the Arbitration of good and 
honest Men .. who shall decide the Affair in such Manner 
as that no Damage may happen to the Owner during the 
Time of Disceptation. a W. Hamitton Discuss. 
(1852) 118 Théir subtlety in philosophical disceptations, 

7 cepta‘tious, a. Obs. rare. [f. prec.: 
see -0us.] " Disputatious ; controversial. 

1682 D'Urrey Butler's Ghost 99 Buzzing Whimseys 
warm'd the Addle Part of his disceptatious Noddle. 

+ Discepta‘tor. Oés. rare. [a. L. disceptitor, 
agent-n. f. disceptare to debate, Discept.] A 
disputer, debater, controversialist. 

1623 Cockeram, Disceptator, a ludge in a matter. 1656 
Biount Glossogr., Disceptator..also he that argues or 
disputes. 1675 J. Smrrn Chr. Relig. Appeal 1. The 
inquisitive disceptators of this Age .. who with their alter- 
cation and Ergo’s had turned out of their Creed the Amen 
of their Progenitors. 

+ Disceptatorrial, 2. Ods. rare. [f. L. type 
*disceptatori-us (f. disceptator: see prec.) + -AL.] 
Pertaining to disputation or controversy. 

1810 Bentnam Packing (1821) 141 What with ratiocinatory, 


or at least disceptatorial cunctation, 
Erroneous form of 


+Disce:ption, Obs. rare. 
ny oo Dom. Conc. 298 (Jam.) For the discepcione of 
the i 


6) 14 If any vice arise 


DISCEPTATION, 
ngis leigis be aulde summondis. 
ptre, var. of Dis-ScEPrRE v, 
+Discerebrate, v. Os. [f. Dis- 6+L. 
cerebr-um brain + -aTE3, Cf. decerebrize.] trans. 
To veg we of the brain ; to disbrain. 

x ayton Pleas. Notes ui, viii. 121 For the discerebrat- 
ing of his Knights head. 

Biscern (dizim), v. Also 4 disserne, 4-7 
discerne, 5-6 des-, dyscerne, 6 dysserne. See 
also DECERN. 1 F. discerner, in OF. also dés- 
serner (13th c, in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. discern-dre to 
separate, distinguish, determine, f, D1s- 1 + cernére 
to separate. In early times sometimes confused 
with Drcery, which in OF, also appears as des- 


cerner.] cdi teees 

+1. ¢rans. To aged (some or one thi 
another) as distinct ; to distinguish and divide. 

¢ 1430 Lypa. Min, Poems (1840) 87 (Matz.) Pictagoras .. 
Fonde first out .y., a figure to discerne ‘Theyne lyff here 
short, and lyff that is eterne, 1533 More Answ. ” 
Bk, Wks. 1050/2 Our sauiour would not discerne & deuide 
fayth from the woorke, but sayth that the faith it selfe was 
the woorke of god. 1549 Coverbate Zrasm. Par.1 John 48 
It is not the sacramentes that discerne the children of God 
from the children of the devyll ; but the puritie of lyfe, and 
a mene F- bog Hog hath lost Set Vv. — 

. Dods: . 481 That precious gem reason, by 
which solely We are Sidies'a from rude and brutish beasts. 
1645 Usstier ody Div. 39 That so he might be discerned 
from all things created, For nothing is like unto God, 

To recognize as distinct ; to distinguish or 
separate mentally (one thing /vom another); to per- 
ceive the difference between (things). arch. 

1483 Caxton G. de la Tour H iv, By the 
they shalle .. discerne re fro the euyll, x55: T. Wi- 
son Logike (1580) 20b, To discerne the from that 
whiche is fal 1579 Furxe Heskins’ 
discern the two testaments, the promises 
161r Bite 2 Sam, xiv.17 As an 
lord the king to discerne 
Fables 1. x, he discern the different natures? 18: 
Newman Paroch. Sernt. 1, xvii. 257 Like men who 
ve lost the faculty of di colours. 1837-9 HaLtam 
Hist. Lit. 1V. iv. iv. §.38. 172 We discern good from evil 
the understanding. © Ruskin Preterita 1, vi. 1 
ot having yet the taste to discern good Gothic from bad. 


DISCERN. 


_ 8. intr, To perceive or recognize the difference 
or distinction ; to make a distinction; to distin- 
guish or discriminate be¢ween. arch. 

13.. Z. E. Allit. P.C. 513 Wymmen .. pat .. Bitwene pe 
stele and pe stayre disserne no3t cunen. c1400 MAUNDEV. 
(Roxb,) xxii. 103 Pai .. can discerne betwix gude and euill. 
1535 Coverpate £zek, xxii. 26 They put no dyfference 
betwene the holy and vnholy, nether discerne betwene the 
clene and vnclene. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xix. 97 One 
that cannot discerne between Good and Evill. x71 Avp1- 
son Sfect. No. 255. ? 5 Some Men cannot discern between 
a noble and a mean Action. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. ut. 
§ 5. 18 The spiritual mind ..discerns and separates between 
the things which differ in excellence. 

4. trans. To distinguish (one thing or fact) by 
the intellect; to recognize or perceive distinctly. 
(With simple obj., or clause expressing a proposi- 
tion.) 

13.. Cursor M. 15066 (Gott.) Cum nu forth vr sauueour, we 
haue discernd [3 J7SS. desired] be, pu es right king of israel, 
qua sum pe soth can se. ¢1386 Cuaucer Avt.'s 7.2145 Than 
may men wel by this ordre discerne, That thilke moevere 
stabul is and eterne. 1529 More Dyadoge 1. Wks. 164/2 
If..ye coude not make your audience to discerne the 
truthe. 1641 Witkins AZath. Magick 1. vi. (1648) 41 Hence 
also may wee discerne the reason why [etc.]. 1667 Miron 
P. L, 1. 326 His swift pursuers from Heav’n Gates discern 
Th’ pers 2 1679 L. Appison First State of Mahu- 
medism 126 If we look into the condition of Christianity 
.. at the time .. we shall discern it miserably shaken and 
convuls'd. 1736 Butter Azad. 1. v. 124 We do not discern 
how food and sleep contribute to the growth of the body. 
1850 Tennyson /2 Mem. \xviii, | wake, and I discern the 
truth, 1861 M. Pattison Zss. I. 33 Incapable of discerning 
where their true interest lay. 

b. zntr. or absol. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer 77oylus 1. Prol. 9(Harl.) In heuene and 
helle and erthe and salte se Is felt pi myght If pat I wol 
descerne. 158x Mutcaster Positions iii. 9 Which skill to 
discern so narrowly ..is not in all. 1728 Younc Love 
Fame iv. (1757) 110 Compton, born o'er senates to preside, 
Deep to discern, and widely to survey. : 

ec. zntr. To have cognizance, to judge of. 

@1622 Bacon Hen. V//, Wks. (1860) 353 ‘Vhis court of 
Star-chamber. .discerneth. .of forces, frauds, crimes various 
of stellionate, and the inchoations .. towards crimes capital 
+. not actually committed. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts, 
N. T. 135 Is there nobody, thinkest thou, that can discerne 
of truth, but thou and thy followers? a1649 WinTHROP 
New Eng. (1853) I. 380 The magistrates .. discerned of the 
offence clothed with all these circumstances. ; 

5. trans. To distinguish (an object) with the 
eyes; to see or perceive by express effort of the 
powers of vision; to ‘make out’ by looking, des- 
cry, behold. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Kut.'s T. 1131 Wyndowe..was ther noon, 
Thurgh which men myghten any light discerne. 1548 
Hatt Chron., Rich. I1T, 50 A bekon wt a greate lanterne 
--which maie be sene and discerned a great space of. 1653 
H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. vy. 12 The smoak was .. so 
thick, as we could hardly discern one another. 1732 
Berxevey Alciphr. 1. § 10 The best eyes are necessary to 
discern the minutest objects. 1842 Tennyson Lord of 
Burleigh 42 Till a gateway she discerns With armorial 
bearings stately. 1860 T'yNDALL Glac. 11. xvii. 317 We could 
discern no trace of rupture [in the ice]. 

+b. zntr. or absol. Obs. rare. 

1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame u. 401 (Fairf & Bod, MSS.) 
Or elles was the aire so thikke That y ne myght[e] not dis- 
cerne [Caxf, that I myght it not decerne], @ 1649 WiN- 
tHRop New Eng. (1853) 11. 72 It was frozen also to sea so 
far as one could well scar: Tbid, 11. 81 There was such 
a precipice as they could scarce discern to the bottom, 

¢e. trans. To distinguish or perceive distinctly 
by other senses. rare, 

1578 Banister Hist, Man v. 71 Sundry portions of 
sinewes .. scattered onely to discerne annoyaunce at any 
tyme offred. Gero. Extor Romola 1. x, His ear dis- 
cerned a dis! childish voice crying. 

“| 6. Formerly sometimes used for DECERN. 

Fasyan Chron, vu. 549 We .. pronounce, dyscerne 
and declare, the same kynge Rycharde..to be..vnable..and 
ynworthy to the rule and gouernaunce of the foresayd 
realmys. 1 Coverpate Lord's Supper Wks. (Parker 
Soc.) I. 449 It pertaineth not to every private person to 
judge and discern, who ought to be admitted. 1563 Foxe 
A. & M. 770b, We do..discerne, deme, and iudge the 
same to be committed to y® .. custodye of such person or 
persons as his maiesty shall apoynte. 1596 DALkynr-e tr. 
Leslie’s Hist. Scot. 1. 66 That, quhilke Ptolomie discernet 
to be among the hindmost Iles of Schytland. 

Discern (dizi-m), sb. rare—'. [f. Discern v.] 

The act of discerning ; discernment, perception. 

1830 W. Puitiirs A/¢. Sinai 11. 582 Afront was stationed, 
facile of discern, An orb immiscible of mist profound, 

Discernable, var. of DIsceRNIBLE. 

+Disce‘rnance. Ods. Uf DISCERN v. + -ANCE: 
perh, from a French original.] 

1. Distinction, difference. 

1sgz_ Nasne P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 36 b, Those bodies .. 
are distinguisht by no difference of sex, because they are 
sieeple ; and the discernance of sex belongs to bodies com- 
pound, 

2. Discernment, discrimination, judgement. 

1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger (N.), He .. manifesteth, 
that either he hath but a blinde discernance, or that in 
wi ie he is inferiour to a woman, 

rrnant. rare. [a. F. d/scernant, pr. pple. 
of discerner to DiscerNn.] One who discerns or 
discriminates. 

1822 Sourney in QO. Rev. XXVIII. 35 These persons were 
called the discernants, 


411 


Discerner (dizs:ma1). [f. Discern v. +-ER1.] 
One who or that which discerns, discriminates, or 
perceives : see the verb. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 274 To be vynteners, 
discerners, and tasters of the same. 1539 Cranmer /ed. iv. 
12 The worde of God .. is a discerner of the thoughtes and 
of the intentes of the herte. 1613 SHaxs. Hen. V/IJ,1. i. 
32 "Twas said they saw but one, and no Discerner Durst 
wagge his Tongue in censure. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 515 
P 2, I am too nice a Discerner to laugh at any, but whom 
most other People think fine Fellows. 1875 Jowett P/ato 
(ed. 2) I. 292 Discerners of characters... who would have 
known our future great men. 

Discernible (dizs-mib’l), az. Also 6-8 dis- 
cernable, (7 discerneable, decerneable). [orig. 
a. ¥F. discernable, f. discerner ; after middle of 17th 
ce. conformed to the L. form déscernibilis, f. dis- 
cernére to DISCERN: see -BLE.] 

1, Capable of being discerned; perceptible: a. 
by the sight: Visible, that can be descried. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's [ust. 1. Pref., If the godly hadde 
then sought any discernable forme with their eies. 1597 
Hooker Tract. & Serm.in Eccl. Pol. v. xvii. (1617) 363 
When I behold with mine eyes some small scarce discern- 
able Graine or Seed. 1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 
112 The Cathedral easily discernable by Mariners as they 
sail along. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. v. 43 It is ce dis- 
cernible at the distance of ten leagues. 1866 Gro. Evior 
¥’, Holt ii, There was the slightest possible quiver dis- 
cernible across Jermyn’s face. 

b. by other senses. rare. 

1665 Hooke J/icrogr. 212 Nor did it cause the least dis- 
cernable pain. 1684-5 Boytr A/in. Waters 83, 1 did not 
find ..the Purging Springs..to have any discernible 
Acidity. 1794 G. Apams Nat. § /xf. Philos. 11. xiii. 67 
A discernible weight. Gro. Enior /. //olt xxx, ‘The 
buzz and tread and the fitfully discernible voices. 

e. by the understanding. 

1620 SANDERSON Sev, I, 142 Hypocrisie is spun of a fine 
thred, and is not easily discernable, without very diligent 
examination. 1660 Jer. Tayior Duct. Dudbit. 1. v. rule iv. 
§ 1 When we are in a perceiued, discernible state of danger. 
1754 Epwarps “reed, Will 1. iv. (ed. 4) 32 That discernible 
and obvious course of events. 1863 E.V. Neate Ava. 
Th. §& Nat. 181 Under all their differences there would be 
discernible a principle of unity. 

+ 2. Distinguishable (from something else). Obs. 
(Cf. DISCERN v. 2.) 

16or R. Jounson Avngd. §& Comme. (1603) 2 If ..any 
man affirme that true Judgement cannot be severed from 
true valour, yet ordinarily the one doth appeere more dis- 
cernable from the other in divers subjects. 1670 WALTON 
Lives 1, 220 He never [laboured] .. to get glory to him- 
self; but glory only to God: which intention, he would 
often say, was as discernable in a Preacher, as a Natural 
from an Artificial beauty. 

+ 3. actively. Capable of discerning. Ods. vase. 

1603 Danie. Panegyric to King \xvii, God..Hath.. 
framed thy heart Discernable of all apparencies. 

Hence Disce‘rnibleness, the quality of being 
discernible. 

1727 Baitey vol. II, Déscernibleness, visibleness. 1881 
J. Cairns sioebeles) 3805 C. vi. 270,The concession he makes 
as to the discernibleness of Creation. 1890 J. H. Stirtinc 
Gifford Lect. ix. 160 Discernibleness involves negation. 
We should nct know what warmth is, were there no cold. 

Discernibly (dizs-mibli), adv. Also 7 -ably. 
[f. prec. + -L¥ 4.] Ina discernible manner or de- 
gree; perceptibly. 

1643 T. Goopwin 777al Christian's Growth 67 Christians 
doe not grow discernably till after some space. 1669 W. 
Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 364 Its taste is more discernably 
nitrous. 1736 Butter Azad. 1. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 48 Whether 
..a righteous government be not discernibly planned out. 
1766 Lee in Phil. Trans. LVI. 103 The filtered liquors were 
not discernibly different in colour and taste. 1839 Foster 
in Life § Corr. (1846) II. 368 Revealed discernibly through 
the solemn mystery. 

Discerning (diz5-min), v2/. sb. [f. Discern z. 
+-InG1!,] The action of the verb DISCERN (q.v.); 
distinction, discrimination ; intellectual perception, 
discernment. 

1sog Hawes Past. Pleas. xxiv.1, By the inwarde wyttes 
to have decernynge. 1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 123 b, 
The discernynge of true reuelacyons .. from false illusyons. 
1644 Mitton Fudgm, Bucer Wks. 1738 I. 275 If it be in 
man’s discerning to sever Providence from Chance. 171% 
STEELE Sfect. No. 149 P 4 If they are Men of discerning, 
they can observe the Motives of your Heart. 1822 ‘I’. 
Mitcuett A ristoph, I. 85 It asks not his nicer discerning 
To observe [etc.]. 

Discerning, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2. 
That discerns (see the verb) ; distinguishing, dis- 
criminating, perceiving ; esf. (of persons or their 
minds, etc.) Having or showing discernment ; 
quick in intellectual perception ; penetrating. 

1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. § Mor, 49 b, Directed .. by a better 
discerning wisdom, 1680-3 Soame & Drypen tr. Boileau’s 
Art of Poetry um. 801 A glance, a touch, discovers to the 
wise; But every man has not discerning eyes. 1711 ADDISON 
Spect. No. 261 P 9 Before piasiage we cannot be too inqui- 
sitive and discerning in the Faults of the Person beloved. 
1781 CowrER Conversation 373 True modesty is a discerning 

race, And only blushes in the propes place. 1840 Macauay 

Ess., Clive (1854) 531/2 Every discerning and impartial judge 
will admit, that there was really nothing in common, 

+b. Separating, dividing: cf. Discern 2, 
1. Obs. : 

1660 Jer. Taytor Worthy Commun. ii.§ 1. 119 Are we im- 

proved by the purification of the discerning flames ? 


DISCERPTIBLE. 


Disce'rningly, adv. [f. prec.+-1¥2.] Ina 
discerning manner; with discernment. 

1634 M. Sanpys Prudence 74 (T.) Memory discerningly and 
distinctly reverts unto things. 1717 Gartu Pref, Ovid (1810) 
419 These two errours Ovid has most discerningly avoided. 
1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke Pref. (1879) 99 That they may 
judge discerningly and charitably of their fellow-men. 1866 
Gro, Extor /. Holt v, Here his large eyes looked discern- 
ingly through the spectacles. 

Discernment (dizs:mmént).  [f. Discern v. 
+ -MENT. Cf. F. déscernement (17th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.). 

1. a. The act of discerning or perceiving by the 
intellect ; intellectual perception or apprehension. 

168. in Somers 77acts Il. 340 Leading me toa right Dis- 
cernment of the present Condition into which we are now 
brought. 1729 Butter Sev, Wks. 1874 I]. 174 Reason 
tends to and rests in the discernment of truth. 1875 JoweTT 
Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 277 ‘The savage... has a quicker discern- 
ment of the track than the civilized man. 1882 Farrar Early 
Chr. 11. 536 A power of critical discernment. 

b. The faculty of discerning ; discrimination, 
judgement ; keenness of intellectual perception ; 
penetration, insight. 

1586 [see DECERNMENT, S.v. DecERN]). 1646 Sir T, BrowNe 
Pseud, Ep.\. iii. 9 ‘Things invisible, but unto intellectuall 
discernments. 1781 Ginpon Dec?. & #11. xlvi. 726 His dis- 
cernment was expressed in the choice of this important post. 
1875 MANN isston HH. Ghost vii. 177 The eye of the soul 
acquires a discernment whereby some can instantly read the 
characters of others. 

+2. The act of distinguishing; a distinction. 
Obs. (Cf. DISCERN v, 2.) 

1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary i. (1625) 107 But that touching 
the difference of counsels, or tender of his life, should make 
adiscernement. 1648 W. Mountacvur Devout Ess. 1. x. § 4 
(R.) It is not practicable, to frame rules for the discernment 
between due praises and flatteries, 

8. Perception by the senses; distinguishing by 
sight, distinct vision. ? Oés. (Cf. DISCERN z, 5.) 

1727 Philip Quaril 6 Being come within reach of plain 
Discernment. 

Discerp (diss1p), v. Now vave. Pa. t. and 
pple. discerped, discerpt. [ad. L. discerp-cre to 
tear in pieces, f. Dis- 1 + carpcve to pick, pluck, 
etc. Cf Excrerp. The pa. pple. dscerpe rests, 
partly at least, on the L. pa. pple. déscerpt-us.] 

1. ¢rans. To pluck or tear asunder, pull to pieces; 
Jig. to divide forcibly into parts or fragments, to 
dismember. 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 51 The cruelle .. wodnes of 
wykyd spirytys the whiche al to bete me discerpte me. .and 
alto brend me. 1567 Martet Gr. Forest 28 Being once so 
discerped [they] can neuer after neither in applying their 
owne parts togither, neither yet in fastning .. them to any 
body. .reuiue and quicken againe. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 
Iv, xxxiii. (1713) 385 This Horn..is the Roman Empire dis- 
cerped into so many Kingdoms. 1682 — Annot. Glanvill’s 
Lux O, 182 It is no derogation to his Omnipotence that he 
cannot discerp a Spirit once created. 

2. To pluck or tear off, sever (from a whole). 

1655 H. More Axntid. Ath. (1662) 173 There is no means 
..to discerp or separate any one ray of this Orbe, and keep 
it apart by it self. x78 Artuorre Preval. Chr. 311 His 
principle was, that the human soul, discerped from the soul 
of the universe, after death was re-fused into the parent- 
substance. 18451’. Cooper Purgatory Suicides(1877) 115 The 
Soul Lived consciously discerpt from her clay shrine. 1869 
Barinc-Goutp Origin Belief (1878) 1. xii. 247 Infinite space 
may have parts in it discerped, and the interval subdivided. 

+ Disce‘rpible, 2. Ods. [ad. L. type *déscer- 
pibil-ts, f. discerpore: see prec., and cf. discernible. 
Later supplanted by déscerpitzble.]_ = DISCERPTIBLE. 

1655 H. More Antid. Ath, (1662) 150 One part is not 
separable or discerpible from another, but the intire Sub- 
stance .. is indivisible. 1661 Granvitt Van. Dogm. 51 
What is most dense and least porous, will be most coherent 
and least discerpible. 1720 Bibliotheca Biblica 1. 435 A 
Vapour, or a Fluid Discerpible Substance. 

Hlence +Discerpibi'lity, + Disce'rpibleness 
= DISCERPTIBILITY. 

1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 220 In Fire, no 
doubt the Discerpibility is yet harder, 1722 WoLLaston 
Relig. Nat. v.74 A natural discerpibility and susceptivity 
of various shapes. 1727 Baitey vol. II, Discerpibleness, 
ee or aptness to be pulled in Pieces. 

iscerpt, pa. pple. of DIscerP v., q. v. 

+ Discerpted, 7//. a. Obs. [f. L. déscerpt-us, 
pa. pple. of dzscerpereto DIScERP + -ED12.Cfexcerpt 
vb.] Plucked or torn asunder, divided, separated. 

1607 J. Kinc Ser. Nov. 4 Manie a thousand discerpted 
limme. 1631 J. Burces Ausw. Rejoined 203 A few dis- 
cerpted parcells, 1633 P. Apams £-xf. 2 Peter ii. 7 Dead 
corpses and discerpted limbs. 

Discerptible (diss1ptib’l), a [f L. dis- 
cerpt- ppl. stem of discerp-ére: see -BLE.] Capable 
of being plucked asunder, or divided into parts or 
pieces ; divisible. 

1736 Butter Axa, 1. i. 16 Upon supposition that they are 
compounded and so discerptible. 1837 J. M¢Cuttocu At- 
tributes of God (1843) III. 514 Not only extensible but dis- 
corti: 1867 Concems Kav-¥: 226 The soul is discerptible, 
and perishes with the ly. 

Hence Discerptibi'lity, divisibility; Disce'rp- 
tibleness (Ash, 1775). 

1755 Jounson, Discerptrbility, liableness to be destroyed b 
disunion of parts. 1837 M¢Cuttocu A étributes of God (1843 
II. 466 Without any apparent regard to hardness, rigidity, 
weight, toughness, flexibility, softness, discerptibility, 1867 

52*-2 


‘DISCERPTION. 


bo Rev, V. 228 The attempt is made to 
perishable quality of the soul by its discerptibility. 

Discerption (dis31pfon). 
L. déscerption-em (in Vu 
singe” aap see DISCERP. 

1. The action of pulling to pieces, dilaceration ; 
fig. division into parts or fragments. 

1647 Br. Ras, Fag ris ses (T.), eee are —— Se 
gregations, families, persons, torn asunder. .so as the whole 
a ¥ is strewed over with the woful monuments of our 
discerptions. 1741 Coventry Phil. to Hyd. iv. (T.) The dis- 
cerpsion of Osiris’s body into fourteen parts by his relentless 
adversary. 31844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) IL. xiv. 306 
The discerption of his mem 1868 GLADSTONE Fur. 
Mundi ix. (1869) 373 Heracles suffers a strange discerption 
of individuality ; e his eidolon or shade moves and speaks 
here, while ‘he himself is at the banquet of the immortals’. 

2. The action of tearing off, severance (of a part 
froma whole) ; conc. a portion torn off or severed. 

1688 in Somers 7vacts II. 242 Even the Propagation of 
Light is by Discerption; some Effluvia or Emanations of 
the enlightening Candle passing into that which is lightened. 
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 1. 402 The discerption of 
souls from thence [the mundane soul] to inhabit human 
bodies. /d/d. II. 291 Supposing it could be proved, that 
[brutes]. .are discerptions too from the general fund of spiri- 
tual substance. 1822 T. Taytor Apuleius 37 If he .. does 
not. .restore the dead body entire, he is compelled to repair 
the whole of whatever has been bitten and taken from it, 
with discerptions from his own face. 

Disce'rptive, a. rare. [f. L. discerpt- ppl. 
stem of déscerf-cre +-IVE.] Having the quality of 
dividing or separating ; tending to pull to pieces. 

18.. Ocitvir cites V. B. Rev. 

Disce:rt, obs. form of DEsERT s/.1 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 316, I herd neuer telle, for 
what maner discert. 

Discese, -cess(e, etc., obs. ff. Deckasr, Dis- 
EASE, DISSEIZE. 

+ Discess. Obs. rare. |ad. L. discess-us de- 
parture, f. discédére: see DisceDE.] Departure. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Ii’ks. (1880) 299 Aftir myn discess wolues of 
raueyn shal come [quoting Acts xx. 29]. 

+ Discession. 0/s. Also 7 dissession. [ad. 
L. discession-em, n. of action from L. discédére: 
see prec.] Departure; secession ; separation. 

1521 Fisner Wks. (1876) 337 Before the comynge of anti- 
chryst there shall be a notable discession and departyng from 
the faythe of the chirche. 1611 Speen //ist. Gt. Brit. ix. ix. 
§ 20 So vniuersall an oppression, as might cause a generall 
dissession from the Church of Rome. 1612-15 Br. Hat. 
Contempl., N. T. w. xv, Their slinking away (one by one! 
may seem to carry a shew of deliberate and voluntary dis- 
cession. 1662 Hosses Seven Prob, Wks. 1845 VII. 19 As 
you pull, the wax grows... more and more slender; there 

ing a perpetual parting or discession of the outermost 
parts. ; 

Disceue, -eyue, -eyt‘e, obs. ff. DecrIve, -crIT. 

+ Discey'v 
(Godefroy), in AF. *decevous, f. decevorir to DE- 
CEIVE: see -oUS.] Deceptive, deceitful. 

1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv, (E.E.1T.S.) 217 Suche 
aman is lechelorus and disceyuous. 

+ Dischai'n, v. Ods. [ad. 16th c. F. deschain- 
er (mod.F. déchatner), f. des-, Dis- 4 + chatner to 
chain.] ¢rans. To set free as from a chain; to 
unchain, unloose. Hence Dischained ///. a. 

1598 SyivesterR Mathieu's Trophies fen. 1V France, To 
W. Cecil 8 Henry’s Death through Hell's dis-chained Rage. 
1603 Hortanp Plutarch's Mor. 51 Their owne irregular 
lusts and unordinate appetites, which now he (as it were) 
dischainid and let loose. 

Discha‘nnel, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7c + Cuan- 
NEL sb.) trans. To turn (a stream) out of its 
channel; ef. and infr. to quit its channel; to 
discharge itself (into the sea, etc.). 

1607 A. Brewer Lingua ut. v, in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 394 
The river Alpheus at that time pursuing his beloved Are- 
thusa dischannelled himself of his former course. 1 
Heyuin Cosmogr. a. (x679) 4/1 Cataractes, dischannelling 
into the Mediterranean, /6fd. un. (1682) 165 Mixt with those 
streams they are dischannelled in the Caspian Sea. 

acter v.: see Dis- 7. 

Discharge (dis,t{a1dz), v7. Forms: 4-6 des- 
charge, (4-7 discarge, 5-6 dyscharge, 6 dis-, 
dy: SC. ee, 6-7 discharg, 7 
discarg), 4- discharge. [a. OF. descharge-r, 
(mod.F. décharger) in 12th c. deschargier, ONF. 
deskargier =Pr, and >. descargar, It. (di)scarcare, 
-caricare, in med.L, des-, discargare (12th c. in Du 
Cange) :—late L. type *déscarricdre, f. Dis- 4+ 
carricare to load, to CHARGE.] 

To free, rid, or relieve a ‘hing (or person) from 
that with which it is out 

1. “rans. To unload (a ship, etc.) from that with 
which it is or loaded; to rid of a char, 
or load ; to disburden. (Also adsol,, and intr. for 
refi.) 

1382 Wycuir Acts xxvii. 38 And thei. .discargeden [v.77 
dischargeden, -chargiden] the schipp, castinge whete in to 
the see, x Caxton God/rey 260 maronners of Gene 
receyued them moche honorably .. and dischar, theyr 
shippes. _1§13 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) Il. 765 No 
man unoccupied, some lading .. some discharging, some 
commyng for more. 1 Lamparve Peramb, Kent 

1826) 167 At the first, ships were accustomed to discarge at 

ymne, 1601 Hottanp P/iny I. 193 Himselfe saw at Puteoli, 


Now rare. [ad. 
), n. of action from 


prove the | 


412 


acertain ship discharged of Elephants embarked therein. 
17iz W. = Voy. 20 We..discharg'd the Bark, and 


parted the small ae between our two Ships. Law 
Times XCII, 78/2 A strike took place amongst men 
employed to discharge the vessel. 


b. To disburden (a weapon, as a bow or gun) 
by ee | fly the missile with which it is charged 
or loaded ; to fire off (a fire-arm), Also adso/. 

1555, Even Decades 159 The gouernoure disc ‘ed aboute 
+xx. pieces of ordinaunce ageynste them. 1644 Nye Guu- 
nery (1670) 39 He should know how to charge and discharge 
Gunner like. 1748 Westey Ausw. Ch. 32 To discharge 

our Spleen and Malice! Say, Your Muskets and Blunder- 

usses. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 334 When his 
piece was discharged, he had to defend himself with his 
sword. 

+e. intr. (for ref.) Of a fire-arm: To go off. 

1580 J. Hooxer Life Sir P. Carewin Archwol, XXVIII. 
? The matche gave fier, and the pece dyschardged. 1582 

- Lacnertetp tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. \xxi. 144, 
Some of the Ordinaunce of the fleete beganne to discharge. 

d. Electr. (trans.) To rid of an electric charge ; 
to withdraw electricity from. (Also intr. for ref.) 

1748 Frankiin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 199 The bottle bein: 
thereby discharged, the man would be charged. 1794 G. 
Avams Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 1V. xlvii. 295 It [a Leyden 
phial] will be discharged of its fire with a loud snap. 1836-9 
Topp Cycl. Anat. 11. 83/1 The torpedo sometimes bears 
great irritation..without discharging. 1869 ‘T. Granam in 


| Set. Opinion 10 Feb. 270/3 On charging and discharging 


ous, @. Obs.rare. [ad. OF. deceveux | 


portions of the same palladium wire repeatedly, the curious 
retraction was found to continue. 


e. transf.and fig. To rid, clear (of) ; to deprive 
(of). Now rare. 

13.. A. Adis. 3868 Y am of Perce deschargid, Of Mede, 
and of Assyre aquyted. 1393 Gower Conf b 8 13 pei [the 
clergy] wolde hemself descharge Of pouerte and become 
grete. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliii. (1482) 285 Quene 
Isabell was dyscharged of al hir dower, and sente oute of 
Englond. 1g20 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 26 
‘The same person .. shalbe dischargied of his ffraunches. 
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1, 157 He is bound .. to dis- 
charge the citie of all leprous persons. 1658 Evetyn Fr. 
ar (1675) 92 You need only discharge them of the dead 
wi . 


very dry. 1736 Baitey Househ, Dict. 355 Discharge the 
fish of its scales and entrails, 1862 F. Ha Hindu Philos. 
Syst. 103 The assertion .. that whatever has misery for a 
quality can never be discharged of it. 

f. refl. To disburden oneself by utterance; to 
give vent to words, feelings, etc. ? Ods. 

1523 SkeLton Garl. Laurel 1353, 1 wyll myself discharge 
To lettered men at large. 1713 STRELE Guardian No. 29 
P 26 We now and then discharge ourselves in a symphony 
of laughter. 1752 FretpinG Amelia vy. i, The colonel .. 
discharged himself of two or three articles of news. 

2. fig. To relieve of (an obligation or charge) ; 
to exonerate; to exempt, let off, release from. 

To discharge a bankrupt: to release him from further 
legal liability for debts contracted before his bankruptcy. 

cr R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 313 Discharged wille pei 
be grete oth pei suore. a1450 Aunt. de la Tour (1868) 
56 She might have saide, ‘ Aske myn husbonde that ques- 
tyon and not me’, and thus she might have discharged her 
of her ansuere. 1513 Morr in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11.771 
Neither king nor Pope can geve any place such a privilege 
that it shall discharge a man of his debtes beyng able to 
pay. 1599 SHAKs. Much Ado v. i. 328, 1 discharge thee 
of thy prisoner, and I thanke thee. 1607 Schol. Disc. agst. 
Antichr, 1. iii. 126 Doth not the Lawe discarg from a 
vowe that which hath a superfluous member. 1714 /'r. Bk. 
¢Js* 11 We have established the Imposition of pe 
Sols per Ton, on the Freight of all Strangers Ships, at the 
Same time discharging those of our own Subjects. 184 
Form Bankruft's Certif. in Vomlins Law Dict. s.v.. We 
.. testify and declare our consent... that the said John 
Thomas. .be discharged from his debts in pursuance of the 
same act. 1786 J. Bacon Liber Regis Pref., An Account of 
the Valuations of all the Ecclesiastical Benefices in England 
and Wales, which are now cored with the Payment of 
First Fruits and ‘Tenths, or were lately dischar; any 
Payment to those Revenues, on account of the Smallness 
of their Income. 1858 Sa/. Rev. VI. 448/1 We are not dis- 
charged of our duties towards our female lers by any 
coyness on their part. 1853 H. Cox /ustit. 1. viii. 95 e 
boroughs were discharged by the sheriffs from sending 
members. 

tb. refl. To relieve oneself of an obligation by 
fulfilling it. Zo ger oneself of: to acquit 
oneself of, perform, fulfil (a duty or obligation) 
=sense II; to Pay (a debt) sense 10. Ods. 

1586 Hotinsnen Chron, Il. 447 Such magistrates .. 
as neither are com! nor apt to discharge them- 
selves of such offices. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Jron 
Age 252 To discharge themselves of a of their debts. 
seg Anemos Jtaly 94 Yet'tis observ'd of ‘em, that they 
discharge themselves with a great deal of Dexterity in 
such Embassies..as are laid on ‘em. 

3. trans. To relieve of a charge or office ; (more 
usually) to dismiss from office, service, or em- 
ployment; to cashier. Constr. from, + of; prep. 
rarely omitted. 

1476 in York Myst. Introd. 37 All. .insufficiant personnes 
..to discharge, ammove, and avoide. — Chron., 
Hen. VI, 135, The duke of Yorke was ed of the 
office of Regent. 1599 Harsner Agst. Dare About 
a Moneth or five weekes after he was Discha of M. 
Brakenburies Service. 1664 Everyn Mem, (1857) II]. 144 
Being. .discovered to be a rampant inian, he was dis- 
charged of employment. 1798 ‘ommnt. Sense (1739) 11. 203 
Enemies .. insisted I should be forthwith discharged his 
Service. 1836 Marrvat MZidsh. Easy xxiii, He wanted 
to leave the service ; he hoped that Captain Wilson would 


1712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 188 At that | 
‘Time the Earth being wholly discharged of its Moisture, is 


DISCHARGE. 


5 him ‘and send him’ homme: Pan Fasl 
Gp. Yew wie om titer Orteeas agehiod ane 
you discharged. 


a eae disburden or relieve oneself of an 
office or employment by quitting or renouncing it. 

1400 Destr, Troy 8939 Now is tyme in this tru..To 
discharge me as cheftain. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour N iv, 
Syre I rendre and dyscharge me of your offyce. 

+4. ¢rans. To clear of a charge or accusation; 
to exculpate, acquit. Ods. 

¢1g00 Lancelot 3227 Bot, if god will, I sal me son dis- 
charg. Say to sir kay I sal not ber the , He sal no 
—_— ae me to ip x eee ne ; a 
culpam ponere. 1638 ‘enit, Conf. vi. (1 1 e ma’ 
well doubt if every Sir John’s absolution di: i ae us before 
god. 166: Bramuat Fust Vind. ix. 245 But it is not 
enough to charge the Church of Rome, un we can dis- 
charge our selves, and acquit our own Church of the guilt 
of Schisme. x Fietpinc ¥. Andrews 1. xvi, The con- 
stable hath not been discharged of suspicion on this 

5. To dismiss (a prisoner in charge of the officers 
of the law, or one charged with an offence) ; to 
release from custody, liberate. 

1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 82 The duke of Nor- 
foke..and the byshoppe of Wyssiter had their pardone, and 
ware aso hy 1699 in Col. Rec. Fennsylv. 1. 549 
Requesting to be discharged from his confinement. 177% 


Junius Lett. xliv. 239 The..magistrate..declares the 


war- 
rant illegal and discharges the prisoner. x Monthly 
Mag. I11. 550 The sheriff’ may then disc! whe dafendeat. 
1887 7imes 26 Aug. 10/2 Mr. d’Eyncourt harged a man 


accused of picking pockets. 
b. To dismiss, send away, let go. (Cf. also 3.) 
(+ Also with zxdirect obj. by omission of from.) 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 20 your 
selfe knew an houre before our conference, to have bin dis- 
charged our company, 1600 E, Biount tr. Conestaggio 
120 ‘They woulde not discharge the souldiers. ADS- 
wortn tr. Sandoval’s Civil Wars Sp. 333 Requiring the 
Commissioners forthwith to discharge him the Citie. 4 
Med. Frnt. XV1I. 316 At the end of which time .. the gi 
was a second time discharged cured. Law Times 
XCV. 249/2 The jury, having informed the court that they 
had no presentment to make, were discharged. 

6. Tocharge or command not to do something 
(cf. CHARGE v. 14); to prohibit, forbid. Also 
with the action as obj. Obs, exc. dial. (Chiefly Sc.) 

1570 Levins Manip. 31 To discharge, inhibere, absoluere. 
1596 Dacrypce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vit. 89 This par- 


1632 Litucow 7rav. 1x. 389 The Card 
to say Masse for a yeare. 1 
And discharge all others from 
over the Skuillkill. 1707 Act agst. /nnov. 
(Jam.), The General io bly..doth hereby di t 

ractice of all such innovations, 1716 Wodrow Corr. (1843) 

I, 120 The ministers. .were discharged to pray for Kii 
George even in their families. [188 Letcestersh. Gloss. 8.¥., 
A dischaa’ged 'im of ivver comin’ agen o’ the graound. 

N. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., 1 discharge you fra iver spedkin’ 
to oor Melia ony moore.] 

7. Arch. To relieve (some ) of superincum- 
bent weight or pressure by distributing this over 
adjacent parts. (Also b, with the weight as obj.) 

1667 Primatr City §& C. Build. 82 One Lintal to di 
the two windows and Balcony: + 1703 Moxon Mec, 
Exerc. 138 Put a Girder between, to Discharge the Lengt 
of the Joysts. 1715 Leont Padladio’s Archet. (1742) a 
The arched ceilings..are made of to e 
Walls. 1 [see Discnarcine ffi. a.]. 1879 Cassell's 
Techn. Educ. Wie 195/2 The arch ., not only supports the 
wall above, but ‘discharges’ the weight over the walls on 
each side. 

IL. To remove, throw off, clear away a charge. 

8. To remove (that with which anything is 
charged); to clear out, send out or forth, emit. 


spec. & To take out, clear away, empty out, unload 
from a vessel, etc. (Also grodieaton of the vessel: 
cf, ¢ below.) 


in Eng. Gilds (1870) 425 All smalwodde to be dis- 
Phe he the Bak. eee Locuuseatn tr. Castanheda’s 
Cong. E. Ind. xiii, 96 ther were setled a , to 
disc! the M dize the which were appointed for 


ge 

that place. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 4 The Ships as usually 
take in water. . lo as frequently discharge it again 
at some of these Ts and take in better. 1720 Cod. 
Pennsylv, UL, 112 Preventing Sickly Vessels from di a 
ing their goods or 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast 
xx. 59 They came to anchor, moored ship, and commenced 
di: ing hides and tallow, Jdid. 67 Having dis- 
cade wah eis Dosoemas Pate . 
under wel, HACKERAY aris 
two coaches draw near, and thence..trunks, children 
..and an affectionate wife are on the quay. 

b. To send forth, let fly (a missile, a blow, etc.); 
to fire off (a shot). 

¢ 1800 Melusine \xii. 369 He .. wold haue take the swerd 
to haue descharged it vpon the oe 1604 Suaxs. Oth. 
u. i. 57 They do discharge their of Courtesie. 
Srurmy Mariner's Mag. v.75 Of the .. Motion or 
of a Shot discharged out of any Piece of Ordnance. 
Pore Odyss. xxi. 276 Let each at once discharge the deadly 
dart. 1771 Gotpsmrrn Hist, Eng. I. 196A Norman knight 
+ di at his head two..furious strokes of a sabr 
1817 Worse Burial Sir ¥ Moore i, Not a soldier dis- 
we baled cigp rah 1s (Ride) gt The king, my 

c fe 

fat infoh pisteed bis breast 


ur 
Anc. Hist, 1V. vu, xiv. s isc] . 
petaaily upon them. @1774 Goips. Hist. Greece 1. 297. 


DISCHARGE. 


ce. To give vent to, allow to escape or pass out ; 
to send or pour forth, emit ; /ig. to give utterance 


or expression to. 
1600 E. Biount tr. Coxestaggio 299 There they discharged 
their choler. 1605 Suaks, A/acé. v. i. 81 Infected minds To 


their deafe pillowes will discharge their Secrets. 1676 Wisr- 
MANS! (J.); The matter being suppurated, I opened 
an ini tubercle .. and discharged a well-concocted 


matter. 171x SHAFTESB. Charac, (737) I. 73 "Lis the only 
manner in which the poor cramp'd Wretches can discharge 
a free Thought. 1833 Act 3-4 Will. /V, c. 46 § 114 The 
same [pipes] shall not discharge the water .. upon the foot 
pavements. 1845 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) I. 11 The shoals 
of the frivolous and dissipated which this country annually 
discharges upon the Continent. 

refi. To find vent, escape ; esf. of a river, to 
empty itself, disembogue (also z7/r.). 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 333 This small river .. 
dischargeth it selfe into the Mediterran sea. 1794 S. WIL- 
Liams Vermont 30 Twenty five run westerly and discharge 
themselves into Lake Champlain. 1816 Keatince 7 vav. 
(1817) II. 42 A deep and rapid river, which discharges at 
Larache. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 338 The 
chimney. .through which the smoke discharges itself. 

+9. trans. To remove (anything of the nature of 
a charge, obligation, etc.) ; to get rid of, do away 
with, abolish. Ods. 

1523 Fitzuers. Surv. 12 b, Mater in writyng may nat be 
discharged by..bare wordes. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 236 All 
this dischargeth not the wonder. 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia 
Pol. 173, I resolved to remove and discharge the Office of 
the Major of the Pallace. 1732 Neat Hist. Purit. 1. 234 
The Earl of Murray. .convened a Parliament. .in which the 
Pope’s authority was again discharged. 1741 Ricuarpson 
Pamela (1742) LV. 34 If it be the natural Duty of a Mother, 
it is a Divine Duty; and how can a Husband have Power 
to discharge a Divine Duty? 1 Br. Lowrn TJrausé. 
Isaiah Prelim. Diss. (ed. 12) 44 We can hardly expect.. 
more..than to be able..to discharge and eliminate the 
errors that have been gathering .. for about a thousand 
years past. he 

b. Law. To put an end to the obligation of, 
cancel, annul (an order of a court). 

1798 Dattas Amer. Law Rep. Il. 33 Therefore adjudge 
that the order of the court be discharged. 1808 Pard. Ded. 
1409 Other.. business... might render it improper to discharge 
the order: the call miche e postponed for a few days with- 
out being discharged. 1883 Law Vimes LX XIX. 175/t 
The order..was entirely wrong, and must be discharged with 
costs. 

e. Arch. To get rid of (a weight): see 7 b. 
‘10.- To clear off, or acquit oneself of (an obliga- 
tion) by fulfilment or performance ; to pay (a debt, 
vow, etc.). 

1525 Lp. Berners Fro/ss. II. ccxxiv. [ccxx.] 7or His 
entent was not to departe thens tyll euery thynge was 

yed and discharge[d]. 1542 Upatt in Lett Lit, Alen 
(Camden) 2 Only of an honest purpose to discharge my 
debtes. 1590 SHaKs. Com. Erv. iv. i. 13, I will discharge 
my bond. 1606 — Ant. § CZ. Iv. xvi. 28 Death of one 

ide but once, And that she ha’s dis- 
‘orpE Odyss. 1. 329 Soon may your sire 


+b. To pay or settle for. Ods. 

1593 Nasue Four Lett. Confut. 6 That thou mayst haue 
money to goe home to Trinitie Hall to discharge thy com- 
mons. 1646 Evetyn Mev, (1857) I. 239 The next morning 
.. discharging our lodgings, we a: d for a coach to carry 
us. 1729 Swirt Libel on Delany Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 95 Crazy 
Congreve scarce cou’d spare A shilling to discharge his 
chair. 1815 W. H. Iretanp Scribdleomania 156 She liter- 

ally was without a shilling to discharge the.vehicle which 
had conveyed her to the metropolis. 1842 C. Warrenrap 
R. Savage (1845) I. iv. 218 I had discharged my lodging 
that morning. /é/d. ILI. xi. 446 That insult shall be dis- 
charged at the same time with the other debts. 
+e. To pay, settle with (a creditor). Ods. 

a@z1560 Amy Rossart Le#. in West. Gaz. 2t Apr. (1894) 
4% ‘o make this gowne of vellet whiche I sende you. .and 

will se you dyscharged for all. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 
it. ii. 276 If he had The present money to discharge the 
Jew, He would not take it. Pe Frver Acc. E. India & P. 
392 The Husbandman. :reaps the Fruit of his Labour, pro- 
vided he take care to discharge his Landlord. | 

+d. To clear oneself of, account for, give account 
of. Obs. rare. 
; 7596 Spenser F. Q. vu. xii. 17 He bade her Ceasse to 
molest the Moone to walke at large Or come before high 
Jove her dooings to discharge. : 

+e. To transfer the responsinuity for (some- 
thing) by charging it 07 some one else (cf. CHARGE 
v. 16). Obs. rare. 

Hosses Leviath., u. xxvii. 292 Part of the fault may 
be discharged on the punisher. fo Dryven 4neid xu. 
i Tis not a crime t’ attempt what I decree, Or if it were, 

e the crime on me. 

11. To acquit oneself of, fulfil, execute, perform 
‘(a charge, office, duty, trust, function, etc.). 

1548 LATIMER Ploughers (Arb.) 21 A soore word for them 
that are tt in dyschargeinge theyr office. 1590 
Suaxs. Mids. N. v. i. 206 Thus haue I Wall, my part dis- 

ed so. a166x Futter Worthies (1840) Il. 214 He 
was high-sheriff of this county, 1635, discharging the place 

“great honour. 1719 in Perry Hist. Coll. Am. Col. 
Ch. 1. 216 Let me..exhort you to discharge a good con- 
science in this matter. 1755 Jounson Let. to Langton 6 
May in Boswed?, When the duty that calls me to Lichfield is 


| 
| 
| 
| 


| 
| 
| 


| 
| 


413 


discharged, my inclination will call me to Langton. @ 1853 
Rosertson Serie. Ser. 111. vii. 92 ‘They appointed one of 
their number. .to discharge those offices for them. 

12. Dyeing, etc. To remove (the dye or colour 
with which it has been charged) from a textile 
fabric, etc. b. To print (a fabric) with a pattern 
by discharging parts of the ground colour. 

1727 Popr, etc. Art of Sinking 91 Take off the gloss, or 

uite discharge the colour. 1764 HURCHILL Poens, Ep. to 

ogarth, Wash the Ethiop white, Discharge the leopard’s 
spots. 1802 Mar. EvGewortn Moral 7. (1816) I. xix. 150 
The colours had been discharged by some acid. 1836 Penny 
Cycl, VI. 155/1 The second style of calico-printing consists 
in giving a general dye to the cloth, and discharging portions 
of the ground, which has the effect of producing a number 
of white or variously coloured figures upon it. 1875 Ure's 
Dict. Arts I. 288, That is, 224 handkerchiefs are discharged 
every ten minutes, 

e. intr, Of ink, dye, ete.: To be washed out ; 
to ‘run’ when wetted. 

1883 R. Hatpane Workshop Receipts Ser. u. 336/2 The 
ink..dries quickly, and may even be varnished without 
discharging. 

Discharge (dis,t{a-1dz), sd. [f. prec. vb.: cf. 
OF. descharge (13-14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod. 
F, décharge, f. des-, décharger.] 

1. The act of freeing from or removing a charge 
or load; disburdenment, unloading (of a vessel, 
ete.) ; clearing away, removal (ofa cargo, etc.). 

1580 Hottypanp 77eas. Ir. Tong, Passe-porte, a Will of 
discharge for any marchandise. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 92 
Marke well the Discharge of that Cloude; And you shall 
see it euer breake vp, first in the Skirts, and last in the 
middest. 1891 Laz Times XCII. 78/2 The discharge of 
her cargo began on the 14th Nov. 

2. The act of discharging a weapon or missile; 
the act of firing off a fire-arm, letting fly an arrow, 
etc. Also fig. 

1596 Suaks. 1 /7en. JV, 1. i. 57 By discharge of their 
Artillerie. 1653 H.CoGan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxii. 79 Without 
any noise or discharge of Ordnance. 1785 Saran FIELDING 
Ophelia 1. xiv, I had stood her discharge of nonsense. 
1831 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers (1884) 8 Feb., I am 
as convinced..as I am that the discharge of my gun will 
follow the puHing the trigger. 1844 H. H. Wirson Bvt. 
India W11. 76 ‘The howitzers were then brought up, and 
after a few discharges, the work was taken in flank. 

3. The act of sending out or pouring forth; 
emission, ejection the rate or amount of emission. 

1600 Suaks. A. VY. 1. ut. i. 37 The wretched annimall 
heau'd forth such groanes That their discharge did stretch 
his leatherne coat Almost to bursting. 1695 Woopwarn Nat. 
Hist. Earth wu. (1723) 161 Wherever there are any extra- 
ordinary Discharges of this [subterraneous] Fire, there also 
are the neighbouring Springs hotter than ordinary. 1783 
Porr Chirurg. Wks. 1. 309 The discharge of this mucus. 
1823 J. Bapcock Dom. A musem. 180 And give a more easy 
issue or discharge to the water. 1880 HauGcHron Phys. 
Geog. iii. 141 This gives a discharge of water to the south- 
ward, equal to 32-28 cubic miles per hour. 

b. Electr. The emission or transference of 
electricity which takes place between two bodies 
positively and negatively charged, when placed in 
contact or sufficiently near each other. 

1794 G. Apvams Nat. & Exp. Philos. IV. x\vii. 295 The 
person who holds the discharger feels nothing from the dis- 
charge. 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I1. 82/2 The shock caused 
by an electrical fish is said to be produced by a discharge of 
its electricity. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chen. II. 388 The 
recombination of the opposite electricities which constitutes 
discharge may..be either continuous or sudden. 1894 ZZses 
19 Apr. 13/6 Three modes of electric discharge—the glow 
discharge, the spark discharge, and the arc discharge. 

¢e. concr. That which is emitted or poured forth ; 
esp. matter issuing from a wound or running 
sore, 

1727 P. Harpisway in PAi?, Trans. (1727) VII. 216 (¢7t2e) 
A Purulent Discharge. 1804 ABERNETHY Sv7g. Obs. 223, 
I directed that this discharge should be pressed out..and 
a poultice applied. 1862 Lies Goopman Exper. Eng. 
Szster of Mercy 103 The discharge was so offensive as to 
nauseate him and prevent him taking nourishment. 

d. The place where something is discharged ; 
e.g. the mouth of a river (cf. DIscHaRGE v. 8 d) ; 
an opening for discharging something. 

1798 Pennant Hindoostan II. 110 The water contained in 
them [rivers] is increased by dams made across their dis- 
charges. 1808 Pike Sources Mississ. 11. App. 6 From its 
sources to its discharge into the head of the gulf of California. 
1828 Scotr F. M7, Perth (ed. 1) xxix, On the meadow at the 
Ballough, that is, the discharge of the lake into the river. 

4. The act of freeing from obligation, liability, or 
restraint ; release, exoneration, exemption. 

Discharge of a bankrupt: release from further legal 
liability for debts contracted before his bankruptcy. 

c1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. ix, Wich encrease, 
any subget desirith ffor his owne discharge off pat he beyrith 
to the sustenance offhis prince. 1532 More Con/fut. Tindale 
Wks. 518,2 Of whiche commaundement in scripture we see 
no discharge. 1559 Asp. Hetue in Strype Aun. Ref I. 1. 
App. vi. 11 Thus muche I have here said. . for the dyscharge of 
my conscience. 1683 Brit. Spec. 155 After that Honorius had 
by Letters of Discharge quitted the Britains of the Roman 
Jurisdiction. 1705 Act 4 Anne c, 17 Thata bankrupt trader 
. Should be entitled to his discharge from all further liability 
for the debts theretofore contracted. 1818 Cruise Digest 
(ed. 2) III. 66 Neither will any prescription de non deci- 
mando avail in total discharge of tithes, unless it relates to 
such abbey lands. 1835 Penny Cycé. III. 401/1 Bankrupt 
Law Sc., The bankrupt .. may apply to the Court of 
Session for a discharge..A discharge .. frees the debtor 

| from all debts previous to the date of the first deliverance 


DISCHARGE. 


on the petition for sequestration, except debts due to the 
crown, 1895 /7es (Weekly Ed.) 558/2 [Bankruptcy Court] 
Although he did not treat the debtor as immaculate, he 
thought the order of discharge might be granted subject to 
the minimum suspension laid down by the Act—namely, 
two years. 

b. Exoneration from accusation or blame; ex- 
culpation, acquittal, excuse. 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 160b, It is not sufficyent 
tomy discharge. @1557 Mrs. M. Basset tr. A/ore’s Treat. 
Hassion Wks. 1373/2 Wold that .. haue serued theym for 
theire dyscharge? 1656 Ear: Mono. Adv. Fr. Paruass. 
328 He published in his own discharge, those his unfortunate 
relations. @ 1716 SourH (J.), Not condemning. . which word 
imports properly an acquittance or discharge of a man upon 
some precedent accusation. _ 1836 J. Gitnert Chr. A tonem. 
i. (1852) 20 His receiving a discharge from guilt. 

ec. Dismissal from service, employment, or office. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V/, 139 b, He..nothyng more 
coveted and desired then libertie and discharge. 15 
Greene Mourn. Garm. (1616) 36 The Seruingmen..brookt 
their discharge with patience. r6xx Bisie “ccd. viii, 8 
‘There is no discharge in that warre. 1755 M: Tusur- 
ances II, 111 If the Master .. give the Mate his Discharge. 
1844 Regul. & Ord. Army 195 In the cases of Soldiers who 
obtain their Discharge by Purchase, no charge is allowed 
by the Public for their passage from abroad. 

d. Release from custody, liberaticn. 

c 1590 C’rEss Pembroke /’s, Lxvi. vii, I cried to him, my 
cry procured My free discharge from all my bandes. 1671 
Mitton Samson 1573 Death, who sets all free, Hath paid 
his ransom now and full discharge. 1771 Mackenzie J/ax 
Freel, xi. (1803) 88 You will receive .. a sum more than suffi- 
cient for your husband's discharge. J/od. ‘The magistrate 
ordered the discharge of the prisoner as the evidence did 
not warrant his committal for trial. 

e. concr. Something that frees from obligation ; 
esp. a document conveying release from obligation ; 
a receipt for the payment of money due, an acquit- 
tance; a certificate of freedom from liability. 

1495 Act 11 /Ten. VII, c. 54 $ 5 The Kingis lettres under 
his pryve seale..shalbe sufficient discharge for the..pay- 
ment thereof. 1523 Firzners. Svrv,12b, Than must the 
tenaunt shewe a discharge by suffycient writyng, and nat 
by wordes, or elles to paye the same. 1640-1 Arrkcudbr. 
War Comm, Min, Bk. (1855) 91 Vo call for a sight of the 
said discharges and tak coppies thairof. 1719 Dr For 
Crusoe 1. xix. (1840) 341, I sent for a notary, and caused him 
to draw up a general release or discharge for the four hun- 
dred and seventy moidores. 1792 Mrs. C. Samiti Desmond 
ILI. 53 He [the steward] is very honest..and I have given 
him his discharges, 1866 Crump Banking v. 107 An altera- 
tion made by the drawer .. without the consent or know- 
ledge of the acceptor, is considered a full discharge to the 
acceptor. 1895 7 ves (Weekly Ed.) 16 Aug. 652/2 Sending 
up parchment discharge and other documentary evidence 
of the .. good conduct of the deceased. 

5. The act of clearing off a pecuniary liability ; 
payment. 

1611 SHAks, Cyd, v. iv. 173 Oh the charity of a penny 
Cord..you haue no true Debitor, and Creditor but it: of 
what’s past, is, and to come, the discharge. 1688 Pennsylz. 
Archives 1, 104 Help us wth some money ffor the Discharge 
of the Great Expence wee are at. 1809 JEFFERSON IV 7/t. 
(1830) IV. 136 The discharge of the debt, therefore, is vital 
to the destinies of our government. 1888 Bryce Amer. 
Commw, 11. xliii. 140 Providing for the discharge of exist- 
ing liabilities. 

6. Fulfilment, performance, execution (ef an ob- 
ligation, duty, function, etc.). 

1610 Suaxs. Temp. 11. i. 254 An act Whereof what’s past 
is Prologue; what to come In yours and my discharge. 
1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea, I know the Spaniard too 
too well and the manner of his proceedings in discharge of 
promises. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxx. 478 ‘The dis- 
charge of our duty. | 1829 Soutnry Sir 7. More 1. iii, Such 
tribute .. rendered, in discharge Of grateful duty. 1845 
SrepHen Laws Eng. (1874) Il. 627 The discharge of the 
office is, in general, compulsory upon the party chosen. 1883 
Law Reports 11 Q. Bench Div. 596 note, In discharge of 
his functions as advocate. we 

7. +a. The act of sending away; dismissal. Ods. 
b. Law. Dismissal or reversal of an order of a 
court. 

1677 Gitpin Devonol. (1867) 430 Positive discharges, like 
that of Christ in the same case, ‘Get thee hence, Satan’. 
1892 Sir N, Linptey in Law Vimes Rep. UXVIIL. 150/1 
The discharge of the order. .ought not to be granted except 
upon the terms of bringing the money into court. 

8. Arch. The relieving some part of a building 
of superincumbent weight; coc. a contrivance 
for effecting this. (Cf. DISCHARGE 7. 7.) 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 159 A Brick-wall ora Post 
trim'd up to a piece of Timber over charg’d for its Bearing, 
is a Discharge to that Bearing. 1823 P. NicuoLson Pract, 
Build, 222 Discharge, a post trimmed up under a beam, or 
part of a building which is weak. A 

9. Dyeing, etc. The act or process of removing 
the colour with which a textile fabric is charged. 
b. concr. A composition or mixture used for this 


purpose, (Cf. DISCHARGE v. 12.) 

1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 155/1 Calico-printing, Discharges 
are of two kinds: the simple, and the compound or mor- 
danted. did. 155/2 Compound discharges not only remove 
the mordant from the ground. . but introduce a new mordant 
on the discharged points, 1854 J. ScorreRN in O77’s Circ. 
Sc. Chem, 422 Some varieties of calico-printing by the pro- 
cess of discharge. 1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing 
317 By the word discharge is desi d any d 
mixture which has the property of bleachin 
away, the colour already communicated to a fal 

10. attrib. and Comb. 

1836 Penny Cyc. V1. 15/8 The goods..are..impressed 
with the discharge paste by means of the engra block 


= . or 
‘a vor taking 
ric. 


DISCHARGEABLE. 


bai cylinder, /bid. 155/2 bray orm Foe aor as iotansiod ie 
the discharge process. aily Le uly, is 
charge culverts, through which the sew: z poured into 
the river, are visible only at the time of low-water. 1874 
Kuicur Dict. Mech., Discharge-valve, in marine engines, 
a valve covering the top of the air-pump, opening when 
pressed from beneath. 1891 R. Kirtinc City Dreadf. Nt. 
26 His statements tally with the discharge-certificate of the 
United States. 

Dischargeable (dis)t{a:1dzab’l), a. rare. [f. 
DISCHARGE v. + -ABLE.] Capable of being dis- 
charged; in quot., liable to be paid for (see Dis- 
CHARGE 2, 10 b). 

1781 T. Jerrerson Lett. Writ. 1893 II. 514 And we will 
give you moreover 150 lbs. of Tobacco a Day each discharge- 
able in current money at the rate affixed by the grand Jury. 

mr Ey ies (dis,tfaadzd), Ap/. a. [f. as prec. 

+ -ED1.] Freed from a charge, load, obligation, 
etc. ; exonerated, released, dismissed, emitted, etc. 

Discharged Living, (in Ch. of Engl.) a benefice that is 
exempt from the payment of First-fruits, its value having 
been returned in the Liber Regis of K. Henry VIII as less 
than £10, Cf. DiscHarcE 7, 2, quot. 1786. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P, R. xu. Introd. (Tollem. MS.), 
Fowles of praye, pat ben dischargid of wey3te of flesche, and 
fleb most hy3e. 1483 Cath, Angl. 100 Discharged, exrone- 
vatus, 1631 May tr. Barclay's Mirr, Mindes u. 36 Of such 
men .. the labour ..is precious, as filling their discharged 
mindes with a new strength, 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. 
xvi. 280 Laying down the discharged pieces. 1758 J/./’.'s 
Let. on R. Navy 35 Dead and discharged Tickets .. are 
aed at the Navy-Office, without being chequed. 1786 J. 

acon Liber Regis 1253 Livings dacbargee: 1836 [see 
DiscuarcE sb. 9). x . Garnett in Proc. Philol. Soc. 
IV. 179 In the same degree that a magnetized steel bar 
differs from an ordinary one, or a charged Leyden jar from 
a discharged one. 1859 A utobiog. Beggar Bcy 3 My mother's 
marriage with a discharged soldier. 1891 Aed/y's P. O. 
Direct. Bucks 364/2 Datchet, the living is a discharged 
vicarage, net yearly value £ 306. 

Discharger (<is,t{a-sdza1).- [f. DiscHarce z. 
+-ER!, Cf. F. deschargeur (13th c.).] 

1. One who discharges (in various senses; see 
the verb), 

3533 Exyor Cast, //elthe xii. (R.), Deth is the discharger 
of al griefes and myseries. 1585 App. Sanpys Sermz. (1841) 
230 A sure discharger of his debts to the uttermost. 1646 Sir 
T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. v. 89 By Borax and Butter mixed 
in a due proportion; which, sayeth he, will so goe off as 
scarce to be heard by the discharger. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 
I, 288 The discharger..admits the liquor, the air, and the 
water. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Dischargers,men 
in the chemical industry engaged in loading and unloading 
waggons. 

2. An instrument or appliance for discharging. 
sfec. a. An apparatus for producing a discharge of 
electricity. 

1794 [see DiscHArcE sd. 3b). 1832 Nat. Philos., Electr. 
ix. § 136. 37 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) In order to direct the 
charge with more certainty. .an apparatus, called the Uni- 
versal Discharger, was contrived by Mr. Henley. c 1865 
J. Wytpe in Circ. Sc. 1. 179/1 An instrument, called a dis- 
charger .. which consists of two brass knobs, fixed to a bent 
wire. 

b. Dyeing. =DIscHaRcE sé. gb. 

In mod, Dicts. | 

Discharging (dis\tfaadgin), vdz. sd. [f. as 
prec. +-InG!.] ‘The action of the verb DiscHaRrcE 
in yarious senses. (Now chiefly gerundial.) 

a 1483 Liber Niger in /ouseh. Ord, 29 Bycause of newe 
charging and discharging of servants, officers, etc. 1538 
Bury Wills (Camden) 135 In dyschargyng of my concyence. 
1666 Perys Diary 16 Oct., Orders .. about discharging of 
ships. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W. lxxxiv. ? 6 Bequeathed .. to 
the discharging his debts. 1832 Marsnatt (¢/t/e) On the 
Enlisting, A Sichar ing, and the Pensioning of Soldiers. 
1890 Pall Mall G. 24 Nov. 6/3 The proposals. .by the large 
shipowners to undertake their own ducaraion. 


ischa‘rging, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 
That discharges : see the verb. 


414 


the more we gate our forme hemes. 


OE Oe i a ee eee a a 


DISCIPLE. 


1634 Heywoop 
Witches Lane. v. Wks. 1874 1V. 255 So they are discharm'd. 
18.. Lowe, To W. L. Garrison vy, That thunder’s swell 
Rocked Europe, and discharmed the triple crown, 
(dis,t{é's), 7. [f. Dis- 7b + CuasE 
sb.t 3.] trans. To reduce from the legal status 
and condition of a chase to that of ordinary land. 

1725-6 Act 12 Geo. J, c. ow An act for dischasing and 
disfranchising the chase of rewas Hay. 

+ m'ce, v. Obs. rare. [ad. OF. des- 
chaucer, -chaucier, -chalcier (12th c. in Littré), 
mod.F. déchausser:—L, discalceare, £. Dis- 4+ 
calceare to shoe, calceus a shoe: cf. DISCALCEATE, 
-CALCED, also CHAUSSES.] ¢rans. To divest of 
shoes, or of hose. 

cxz400 Beryn 471 And perfor, love, dischauce yewe nat till 
pis ak sabi - is 


Dischayte, obs. erratic form of DeceIT. 

2ax1400 Morte Arth. 3790 Sekerly assembles thare one 
sevenschore knyghtes, Sodaynly in dischayte by tha salte 
strandes. > 

+ Dischee‘r,v. Os. rare—'. [D1s- 6.] trans. 
To put out of cheer; to distress, dishearten. 

1587 Turserv. 7 rag. 741837) 99 An other thing there was, 
that most discheerde Her hinefolkes then in place. 

Dischest: see Dis- 7. 

Dischevel, etc., obs. fornef DIsHEVEL, etc. 

+ Dischi'sel, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + CHIseL v.] 
trans. To undo the chiselling of. Hence + Dis- 
chiselling (dischesiling) v//. sb. \ 

1652 J. Hatt Height of Eloquence p. xxv, That was meerly 
a dischesiling of the general design. 

Dischone, obs. Sc. form of Dissunx sd. and v. 

Dischort, obs. f. DisHort .Sc., injury, mischief. 

+ Dischurch, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 7 + Cnuncu sé.] 

1. trans. To deprive (a church) of its character ; 
to cause to be no longer a church ; to unchurch. 

1629 Br. Hart Reconciler 11 This heresie .. makes Rome 
justly odious and execrable .. but cannot utterly dischurch 
it. a@1656 — Kem, Wks. (1660) 408 These are enough to 
deforme any Church, not enough to dis-church it. 1656 S. 
Winter Ser, 37 That Church shall never be dischurched. 

2. To exclude or expel (persons) from the church. 

1651 C. Cartwricut Cert. Relig. 1. 113 All dis-union of 
people is not enough to dis-church them. 

Hence Dischu‘rching v4/. sb. and ffl. a. 

1680 ALLEN Peace & Unity 51 They were not under the 
dischurching cause of as me of the Jews as were dis- 
churched. 1695 J. St. N. Widow's Mite 11 The Apostacy 
..for which the Judgment of Dischurching came upon them, 

t+ Disci‘de, v. Ods. [ad. L. discid-ere (rare) 
to cut in pieces, f. Dis- 1+cadére to cut.] f¢rans. 
To cut asunder or in pieces ; to cut off or away. 
“it. and fig. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 406 No parte of bounte from hym 
was discided. 1596 Srensrr /*. Q. 1V. i. 27 Her lying tongue 
was in two parts divided.. And as her tongue so was her hart 
discided. A. M. tr. Gabethouer’s Bk. Physiche 16/1 
Discide from this roote the little eares and iagges. 1679 
Prance Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot 34 The distinction of 
errante clave..doth at least cut, if not discide that Knot. 

Discide, obs. form of DrcipE. 

Disciferous (disi-féras), a. Bot. if L. disc-us, 
disct-, Disk + -FEROUS.] Bearing a disk or disks. 

1883 in Syd, Soc. Lex. 

Discifloral (disifld-ral),@, Bot. [f. L. discus, 
disct- Disk + -florus flowering, flowered + -aL: cf. 
floral.) Waving flowers with the receptacle en- 
larged into a conspicucus disk surrounding the 
ovary: spec. applied to a series of orders of poly- 
petalous exogens (Disciflore in Eng. Bot., ed. 3, 
1863) having this character, including Autacex, etc. 

1873 Hooker in Le Maont §& Decaisne's Syst. Bot. (App.) 
998 Series I1. Discifloral—Sepals distinct or connate, free or 
adnate to the ovary—Disk usually conspicuous, as a ring 


Discharging arch (Arch.):an arch built in the sub e 
of a wall, which relieves a part below it (as a lintel, etc.) from 
the superincumbent weight; cf. Discuarce v. 7 and sé, 8; 
similarly discharging strut, etc. Discharging rod (Electr.) 
= DISCHARGER 2a, 

c 1788 Langley's Builder's Compl. Assist. (ed. 4) 152 If .. 
there be discharging Struts framed into the Beams and Prick 
Posts .. they will discharge the principal Rafters from the 
greatest Part of the whole Weight. 1797 Alouthly Mag. I11. 
301 The spirit b sooner d d, before it reaches 


h or spread over the base of the calyx-tube, or 
confluent with the base of the ovary. i 
Disciform (di:siffim), a. [f. L. déscus (see 
prec.) + -ForM.] Having the form of a disk ; disk- 
shaped, discoidal. 

1830 Linney Nat. Syst. Bo!, 134 Stamens. .inserted round 
the of the stalk of the calyx, which is sometimes disci- 
form, 1874 Cooke /'ungi 167 ‘The one is a cylinder as long 
as it is broad, the other is disciform, Brake Zool. 200 


the discharging cock. 1812 J. Smyru Pract. of C 
(1821) p. viii, Copious instructions for the discharging Offi- 
cers, 1814-6 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. & Art Il. 137 The 
condenser and the discharging-pump communicate by 
means of a horizontal pipe containing a valve opening to- 
wards the pump. 1819 P. Nicnotson Arch. Dict., Dis- 
charging Arches, rough brick or stone arches, built over the 
woods intels of apertures, 1819 Pantologia s.v. Electrical 
Battery, Care should be taken not to touch the wires .. be- 
fore the discharging rod be repeatedly applied to its sides. 
1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I, xii. 135 An icy wall, which con- 
stantly threw off its discharging bergs. 1858 Archit, Pud. 
Soc. Dict. Discharging piece, strut, etc, a piece of 
timber so placed as to dod rge any weight, in framing or 
shoring, upon a better point of support. 1875 Ure's Dict. 
Arts, 1. 288 The bleaching or discharging liquor. 


ty sb.: sce Dis- 9. 

Discharm (dis;t{a-1m), v. [ad. OF. deschar- 
mer, décharmer to free from enchantment (15th c. 
in Littré), f. des-, Dis- 4 + charmer to CHARM] 
intr. and trans. To undo a charm; to free from 
the influence of.a charm or enchantment. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xiv. vii, The more she discharmed, 


‘The Torpedoes have the body covered with naked unarmed 
skin, disciform, and rounded. 
Discigerous (disidgéras), a. Bor. 
+-GEROUS.] Bearing a disk or disks. 
1872 Nicnotson Palvont. 489 Porous, discigerous, or 
pseudo-scalariform tissue, 1877 Le Conte Elem. Geol. v. 
347 Known to be conifers by the exogenous structure of the 
trunk, together with the discigerous tissue of the 
Disci'nct, a. rare, [ad. L. discinctus, pa, 
pple. of discingére to ungird.] Ungirt (Zit, & fig:). 
1647 Trarr Comm. Luke xii. loose, discinct, and dif- 


[f. as prec. 


enchain Whole Nati h di i 
a pt Bovis G), Conrctions 30 fer sgwngiin faves ps 
our fing 
Discipher, obs. form of DecipHER v. 
Disciple (disaip’1), sb, Forms: 1-4 discipul, 
2-3 diciple, 3-4 deciple, -cipil, -cyple, desciple, 
-pil, 4 desiple, disiple, dissiple, -pil, 4-6 dis- 
cipil(l, 5 dycyple, dysciple, -cyple, ’ 
ull, 6 diseyple, 3- disciple. [In 


i 


dyssyple, -syp apd : 
OE. discipul, ad. L. discipul-us learner, pupil, 
f. discére to learn. In early ME. di-, deciple, a. 
OF. deciple, semi-popular ad. L. discipul-us. Both 
in OF. and ME., deciple was gradually conformed 
to the L. spelling as déscif/e; ME. had occasional 
variants in -2/, -y/, -ul.] 

1. Onewho follows or attends upon another for the 
pu of learning from him ; a pupil or scholar. 

It not been at any period in English the ordinary term 
for scholar or pupil, as discipulus was in Latin; but has 
come into use through the New Testament versions, bein; 
applied chiefly to the Twelve Disciples of Jesus Christ, 
used in similar Scriptural applications or later extensions of 
them. Hence the sense-development in Eng. is not that of 
Latin, where the order of sub-senses was d, c, a, b. “ 

a. One of the personal followers of Jesus Christ 
during his life; esp. one of the Twelve. 

Rare in OE. the word in Ags. Gospels being deorning- 
cniht, in Lindisf. Gl. usually deizn. 

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 57 Summ monn .. Se dis- 
cipul was das halendes. cx1200 77in. Coll. Hom. 101 Ure 
louerd stod among his diciples. a 1225 Ancr. R. 106 He 
biheold hu his deore deciples fluen alle vrom him. ¢1380.Sir 
Ferumb. 5733 Suppe sente pe holy gost To ys decyples he 
louede most. 1382 Wyciir Yokn xix. 38 Ioseph of Armathi 
.. was a disciple of Ihesu, forsothe priuey, for the drede of 
lewis. 1538 Deekae England 1. ii, 40 Al Chrystys dys- 
cypullys and apostyllys were sympul and pore. 1611 Brste 
Luke x. (heading), Christ sendeth out, at once, seuenty dis- 
ciples to worke miracles. 1667 Mu.ton P. L, xu. 438 His 
Disciples, Men who in his Life Still follow’d him. 1850 
Ropertson Sevm, 1. xvi. 242 One disciple who had dipped 
in the same dish .. deceived and betrayed him, 

b. Alsoapplied intheN. T. to the early Christians 
sorely: hence, in religious use, aéso/. a professed 
ollower of Christ, a Christian or believer, (Hence 
sense 3.) 

¢1380 Wycur De Dot. Eccl. ii. Sel. Wks. III. 433 Crist seib 
pat noo man may be his discipul but 3if he renunce alle 
siche pingis. 1388 — Acts xi. 26 The disciplis weren namyd 
first at Antioche cristen men. ggg obey Acts xx.7 
The —— came to geder for to breake breed. 
Hieron Wks. 1. 384 If a true disciple, a true Christian ; if 
but a formall disciple, surely but a hollow Christian. | 1853 
Ropertson Serm. u. xix. 244 To the true disciple a mirac! 
only manifests the Power and Love which are silently at 
work everywhere. 1890 J. Hunter Devot, Services, Dedic. 
Serv., You are gathered here .. to take upon the 
obligations of Christ’s disciples. ” a 

ce. A personal follower or pupil of any religious 
or (in more recent use) other teacher or master. 
(This passes almost imperceptibly into sense 2.) 

(Rare in OE, ; see a.) 

cgoo Bada’s Hist. v. ix. (842) 410 An Sara brodra, se wes 
iu on Breotene Bosles discipul and begn. a1300 Cursor M, 
21199 (Cott.) Lucas was .. disciple o paule ai foluand fer. 
1382 Wycuir /sa. viii. 16 Marke the lawe in my disciples. 
— Matt, xxii. 16 Thanne Pharisees .. senden to hym her 
disciples, with Erodyanys. — Luke vii. 19 And bee clepide 
to gidere tweyne of his disciples, and sente to Ihesu. 1393 
Gower Conf. III. 374 (MS. Harl. 3490) And grete we! 
Chaucer, w ye mete, As my disciple and my poete. 
Nucent Gr. Tour France IV. 90 The roy po painted in 
fresco, by Fr R Ili, a disciph Peter of Cor, 
tona. ‘Turecwatt Greece IL, a3 His fellow-citizen, 
friend, and disciple, the ag 1 fc Zeno. 

d. generally. A scholar or pupil. (Now arch., 
rhet., affected, or jocular, or with conscious refer- 
ence to c.) pee * 

Caxton Fa: mes: 1X inges seme dyfficy! 
“2 dysciple =. pots Bucuanan Reform. St. 
Andros Wks. (1892) 11 Nor 3it sal it be leful to the said 
agogis to ding thair disciples, 1758 Jortin Life Erasmus 

. 32 Mountjoy, who was formerly my we —~ 
me a yearly pension of an hundred crowns. lod, 1 am 
afraid you may not find him a very apt disciple. 

2. One who follows, or is influenced by, the doc- 
trine or example of another; one who belongs to 
the ‘school’ of any leader of thought. [An exten- 
sion of 1c, or fig. from 1 a. : 

a1300 Cursor M. Le 9 (Cott.) Pai spitted on his luueli 
face, paa disciplis of hell dis- 
cipill of Judas, Maknab, a fals tratour. 
Pol. w. Vii. (1611) 139 To become disci 
hatefull sort that liue, an ee en, VITL, vy. iii. 112 
‘This man, whose honesty the Diuell And his Disciples onely 
ony, at. aes Appison Sfect, No. 163 ? 4, lam — of your 


354A 
fluent mind is unfit to serve God. 1656 Biount Glossogr., 
Discinct, ungirded, dissolute, negligent. 1846 Lanpor Hks, 
(1868) I Bsa In the country I walk and wander about 


So + Disci‘ncture, ungirding (o0ds.). 
1610 Guitum Heraldry (1660) 1. vi. 67 The depriving of 
the Belt. .tearmed, the discincture or ungirding. 
Disci'nd, v. Obs, [ad. L. discind-dre to tear 
or cleave asunder, divide, f. di- Di-! + scindére to 
tear, rend.] ¢rans, To tear asunder, cleave, sever, 
divide, separate. 


discinct. 


ples, to live up to Ru 
James Woodman xxx, All who are d of 

your horses. 1868G. Durr Pod. Surv. 75 M. Pierre 
Pahtte and his 


English disci, Chr. World 16 Nov. 
Baas An adtanned heist of the scheel of the late Professor 
Green, of whom he was a pupil and is a eis 
3. f/. The name of a denomination of Christians, 
a branch of the Baptists, which originated in the 
= of the 19th c, and is chiefly found in the 
United States; called also Campbellites. [A 
specific application of 1 b.] 


DISCIPLE. 


iy ie Garpner Faiths World 1. 718/t The Lp os of 
the Disciples have found their way into England and Wales 
.. and the census of 1851 contains a return of three congre- 
ions or churches calling th Ives by the name of the 
isciples of Christ. 1867 Even. Standard 19 Nov., A new 
sect is attracting some attention in this city. Its members 
give themselves the name of ‘the Disciples’. They profess 
a religion most neg and simple. 188x W. M. Tuaver 
Log-Cab. to White Ho. ii, Abram Garfield .. united with a 
comparatively new sect, called Disciples, though Campbell- 
ites was a name by which they were sometimes known, 

4. Comb. 

1641 Mitton Reform, u. Wks. (1847) 17 Honoured as a 
father and physician to the soul, with a sonlike and disciple- 
like reverence. 1823 Bentnam Not Paul 392 Apparatus 
employed by him in his trade of disciple-catcher. 

Disciple, v. Nowrare orarch, [f. prec. sb.: 
in sense 3 in earlier use in the form DIspPLE; cf. 
disciple, as stressed by Spenser.] 

+1. trans. To teach, train, educate. Obs. 

1596 Spenser /. Q.1v. Introd. i, Fraile youth is oft to follie 
led .. That better were in vertues discipled. 1601 Suaks, 
Alls Well 1. ii. 28 He did looke farre Into the seruice of the 
time, and was Discipled of the brauest. 1662 HicKERINGILL 
Wks, (1716) I. 303 Every hypocrite can afford to disciple 
himself thereunto. 1681 W. NicHotson Exp. Catech, 183 
To disciple, or enter into a School to be taught. 

2. To make a disciple of ; to convert to the doc- 
trine of another. Now rare or arch. 

1647 Sattmarsu Sparkl. Glory (1847) 26, I Disciple those 
Nations, and Baptize them with the Hoty Ghost in your 
ministration, 1651 Baxter /2/. Baft. 29 When the parents 
are by teaching made Disciples, the Children are thereby 
Discipled also. @1g7xx Ken Hymns Evang. Poet.Wks. 1721 
I. 179 Go out with Zeal, Disciple all Mankind. 1862 NraLe 
Hymas East. Ch. 36 That every race beneath the skies They 
should disciple and baptize, . 

+3. To subject to discipline; to chastise, cor- 
rect, punish. Oés. 

1492, 1563, etc. [see DispLE]. 1607 WALKINGTON Oft, Glass 
; Let us so disciple our selves that each one may throughly 

now himselfe. 1622 Drayton Po/y-olb. xxiv. (1748) 356 
Alban. . who, strongly discipled In Christian patience, learnt 
his tortures to appease. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt, Eng. 
Ixix. 289 He was discipled with rods three times. 

Hence Disci‘pling v4/. sb. and A/V. a. 

@1617 Hieron Whs, II. 482, I must marshall Christs Dis- 
ciples into two ranks: the first I may call for this once 
discipling Disciples; that is, such as haue a calling to call 
others vnto Christ ; plainely, Ministers. a 1638 Mrpe Disc. 
Rev, iii. 19 Wks. (1672) 1. 296 Such a correction as.. we 
use to call a discipling, a punishment of discipline. 1697 
Cour Zss. Mor. Subj. I. (1709) 161 None but Mr. Hobs, and 
some few of his Discipling. 1713 Beverince Priv. 7h. 1, 

1730) 65 Discipling, or bringing the Nations over to the 

'rofession of the Christian Religion. 1812 Sourney Ov- 
niana I, 2 Such penances, such fasting, such discipling. 

+ Disci‘plehood. Ods. [f. Disciptr 5d, + 
-HooD. OE, had déscipulhdd.] The condition or 


<7 ty a disciple; =next. 


[ec Beda’s Hist, w. xxviii. [xxvii]. (1891) 362 Disses 
discipulhada Cudbyrht wes eadmodlice underpeoded.] 
ax4o0 Gloss. in Rel. Ant. 1. 6 Discifulatus, a discipylhod. 
¢1449 Pecock Refr. 295 Euydence that Crist here clepid 
this 3ong man into Apostilhode or vnto Disciplehode. 1697 
State of Philadelph. Soc. 7 Great and glorious Ends, worthy 
of a true Disciplehood of tens Christ. 

Discipleship. [f. Discrete sd. + -suip.] ‘The 
state or function of a disciple, or follower of a 
master’ (J.). 

1549 Latimer 6¢4 Serm. Edw. VJ, (Arb.) 177 [He] dyd 
it not onely to allure them to hys discipleshippe, but also 
for our commoditye. 1607 Hieron HWss. I. 384 Such as is 
a mans disciple-ship, such is his christianity. 1710 Norris 
Chr. Prud. viii. 355 Wisdom ., invites us to come into her 
Discipleship. 1832 Cartyie in Fraser's Mag. V. 383 The 
old reverent feeling of Discipleship..had passed utterly 
away. 1889 SwinsuRNE S‘udy B. Fonson 98 No Lydgate 
or Lytton was ever more obsequious in his discipleship, 

+ Disci‘pless. Ods.  [f. Discrp.e sd. + -xss.] 
A female disciple. 

1382 Wyciir Acts ix. 36 In Ioppe was sum disciplisse, bi 
name Tabyta. cx1410 aes Ps ndailg Mirr. xliv. (Gibbs 
MS. 95) Mawdeleyne pe trewe louede dyscyplesse. 1548 
UpaAtt, etc. Erasm, Par. Luke viii. 88 b, Joanna y° wife of 
Chusa.. became a disciplesse vnto Christ. 161 Speep 
Hist. Gt, Brit. vit. xxxi. (1632) 376 She was afterwards recom- 
mended to a Disciplesse of the said Lady. 

Disciplinable (disiplinab’l), a. [ad. L. dis- 
ciplinabil-is to be learnt by teaching, f. désctp/i- 
na@re to instruct; see DIScIPLINE v. and -BLE. Cf, 
F. disciplinable, 15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.] 

1. Amenable to discipline or teaching; capable 
of being instructed ; docile. 

1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph. 196, Of Elephantes, how disci- 
plinable and of how greate prudence, docilitee and. .capacitee 
and aptitude thei are. 1559 Asp. Parker Corr. 63 If ye 
see ought in my quire worth reformation ye know I am 
disciplinable. 1639 Marcomnes in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. 
(2888) IV, ror Your hopefull sons ., are very noble, vertuous, 
discret and disciplinable. to Mitt Diss. & Disc. (1859) 
Il. 146 Instead of the most disciplinable one of the most 
intractable races among mankind. 1889 Tem/le Bar Mag. 
Nov. 406 Lads. . who were disciplinable to take a special line. 

+2. Of or pertaining to instruction ; disciplinary. 

1644 Dicy Nat, Bodies u. ix. (1645) 84 Those Philo- 
Sophers, who in a disciplinable way search into nature, 
1677 Have Prim. Orig. Man. 311 Animals. .are advanceable 
| ndustry and disciplinable Acts to a great perfection. 

. Subject or liable to discipline or correction. 

1870 ANDERSON Missions Amer. Bad. Xl. xix. 1 35 [They] 


aint their g as Christians, and avoided 
all disciplinable offences, 


415 


Hence Disciplinableness, the quality of being 
amenable to discipline ; docility. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man, 1. i. 16 We find in Animals 
+, something of Sagacity, Providence, Disciplinableness. 

Disciplinal (di'siplinal, disiploi‘nal), a. [ad. 
med.L, disciplinal-ts (Du Cange), f. disciplina 
DISCIPLINE : see -AL.] 

+1. =DIscrpLinaBLE I. Ods. 

@1628 Preston New Cort. (1634) 144 Those two [seeing 
and hearing] are the only disciplinal senses we have. 

2. Of, belonging to, or of the nature of discipline. 

1853 E. J. Suernerp 37d Let, to Dr. Maitland 9 By 
strong expositions of disciplinal views. 1855 BrimLey ss. 
16 (Zennyson) Pain that serves no disciplinal aim, 1863 
M. Pattison Seri. (1885) 88 The.. struggle of the dis- 
ciplinal system of education against the doctrinal. 188z 
Fitcu Lect, Teaching iv. 107 One of the hardest of the 
disciplinal problems of a boarding-school is the regulation 
of the employments of Sunday, /d7d. ix, 256 All study of 
language 1s in itself disciplinal. 

Disciplinant. [a. Sp. dsciplinantes (pl.), or 
It. disctplinanti (pl.) ‘a religious order of such as 
will scourge themselues’ (Florio 1598), sbst. use 
of pr. pple. of med.L, désczflindrve to chastise, cor- 
rect, beat with rods (Du Cange).] 

One who subjects himself to a course of discipline ; 
spec. a member of a religious order in Spain, who 
publicly scourged themselves by way of discipline. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. 1v. xxv. II. 277 Presently he ’spy’d, 
descending froma certain Height, several Men apparell’d in 
white, like Disciplinants. 1718 Morreux Quiv.(1733) II. 297 
The Disciplinants lifting up their Hoods and grasping fas' 
their Whips, as the Priests did their Tapers. 1766 SMout 
Trav. 242 The very disciplinants, who scourge themselves 
in the Holy-Week, are generally peasants or parties hired 
for the purpose, 1881 Durriecp Dox Quix. III. Ixxi. 699, 
I have no mind to catch cold, which is the danger run by 
all new disciplinants. 

Disciplinarian (di:sipliné-rian), a. and sé. 
[f. as DiscrpLinary + -AN.] 

A. adj. 1. Ch. Hist. Of or pertaining to the 
Disciplinarians (see B, 1) ; Presbyterian. 

1593 Aur. Bancrort Surv. Discipline iii. 56 Those Disci- 
plinarian practises. /é¢d. xix. 215 ‘The Papistes..and our 
disciplinarian men. 1598 Couspir. Pretended Ref. 98 Doe 
not many of the Disciplinarian veine despise and condemne 
all helpes of good Artes? 1654 H. L'Esrrance Chas. [ 
(1655) 157 The hole Parliament (whereof some members 
began now to incline to the Disciplinarian Sect). 1889 A. H. 
Dryspate Hist. Preshyter. Eng. i. iv. 223 The Disci- 
plinarian or Presbyterian party was extinct. 

2. Of or pertaining to discipline ; disciplinary. 

1640 Sir E. Derine SP. on Relig. 18 Dec. vi. 22 The other 
three are disciplinarian in the present way of Novellisme. 
1678 Owen Mind of God viii. 215 The Second sort of means 
I call Disciplinarian. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 141 5 
My tutor... after a few months began to relax the muscles 
of disciplinarian moroseness. 1876 Moztey Univ. Sern, 
iv. 89 The self-made trial is a poor disciplinarian weapon, 

B. sd. 

1. Ch. Hist. A name applied to the Puritans of 
the Elizabethan age, who aimed at establishing the 
Genevan or Presbyterian ecclesiastical polity or 
‘discipline’ in England; see DiscrpLinE 6 b. 

1585-7 I’. Rocers 39 Art. (1607) 331 The erroneous and 
evil minds .. Of the late schismatics, namely .. The Dis- 
ciplinarians or Puritans among ourselves. 1639 SANDERSON 
Serm. II. 33 All sectaries pretend to scripture; papists, 
anabaptists, disciplinarians, 1673 R. Leicu 7vansp. Reh. 
98 Bishop Bramhall speaking of the Scotch Disciplinarians. 
1886 J. H. Biunr Dict. Sects 125 At one time the Disci- 
plinarians had so much expectation of carrying out their 
plans as openly to express their conviction that Parker 
would be the last archbishop of Canterbury. 

2. One who enforces discipline (in an army, 


school, family, etc.). 

1639 Futter Holy War w. xii. (1647) 189 He, being a strict 
Disciplinarian, would punish their vitious manners. 1705 
Hearne Collect. 7 Dec., He was like to prove a good Dis- 
ciplinarian, 1742 Fiecpinc ¥. Andrews ut. v, Because one 
man scourges twenty or thirty boys more in a morning than 
another, is he therefore a better disciplinarian? 1835 
Auison Hist. Europe (1854) 1V. xxii. 20 A severe ., disci- 
plinarian .. he yet secured the affections of .. his .. men. 
1882 B. M. Croker Proper Pride I. ii. 18 A strict disci- 
plinarian, and a most excellent teacher. 

3. An upholder or advocate of strict discipline. 

1746 Westey Princ. Methodist 32 Nor did the strictest 
Disciplinarian scruple suffering me to exercise those Powers 
wherever I came, 1859 Mitt Liberty i. 29 A despotism of 
society over the individual, surpassing anything contem- 
plated in the political ideal of the most rigid disciplinarian 
among the ancient philosophers. . 

Hence Disciplina‘rianism, the principles and 
practice of a disciplinarian. 

1872 Syp. Mostyn Perplexity II. iii. 56 The house was 
full of the suggestions of disciplinarianism. 


Disciplinarily, adv. rare. [f. next + -Ly 2.] 
In the way of discipline. 

1706 A. Suietps /uguiry Ch. Communion (1747) 26 No 
church would censure disciplinarily all guilty of epidemick 
backslidings. 

Disciplinary (di'siplinari), a. (sd.). [ad. med. 
L. disciplinart-us, f. disciplina DISCIPLINE: see 
-ary 1,” Cf. It. désctplinario (1598 Florio) and F. 
disciplinaire (1611 Cotgr.).] 

1. Relating to ecclesiastical discipline. +b. spec. 
in 16-17th c. = DISCIPLINARIAN @, I. 

1593 Aur. Bancrorr Surv. Discipline xviii. 198 Of the 


DISCIPLINE, : 


disagreement about the new disciplinarie Deacons. Jdid. 
xix. 226 Amongest the Disciplinary brotherhoode. 1640 

R. Baie Canterb. Self-Convict. 89 This to him ., is 
doctrinall Puritanisme, much worse than disciplinary. 1641 
T. Epwarps Reasons agst. Independ. Ep. Ded. 2 The 
chiefe question is about the ., discipline of the Church, and 
our Controversie may fitly be tearmed the Disciplinary 
Controversie. 1702 C. Marner Magn. Chr. 1. v. (1853) I. 
75 A few disciplinary points which are confessed indifferent 
by the greatest zealots for them. 1719 J. ‘I’. Puiiprs tr, 
34 Confer. 349 There is no disciplinary Institution observed 
among these Christians. 

2. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of discipline ; 
promoting discipline or orderly observance of rules, 

1598 FLorio, Discipiinario, disciplinarie, pertaining to 
discipline or correction. @161z Donne Bradavaros (1644) 
27 A man which undertook an austere and disciplinary 
taming of his body by fasts or corrections. 1825 CoLerIDGE 
Aids Refi. (1848) 1. 303 That watchful and disciplinary love 
and loving-kindness, which .. Christ himself had enjoined. 
1865 Sat. Rev. 2 Sept. 298/2 The internal disciplinary 
regulations of the celebrated seminary of Bonn savour a little 
of barbarism, 1866 Law Times’ Rep. LIL. 665/1 All these 
restrictions are merely disciplinary, and do not affect the 
tenancy. 

b. Of a person: Given to enforcing discipline. 

ax6or Bacon Lett. to Earl of Essex (V.), It may make 
you in your commandments rather to be gracious than 
disciplinary, 

3. Pertaining to the acquirement of learning or 
mental training. 

1644 Mitton /:duc. Wks. 1738 I. 139 The Studies wherin 
our noble and our gentle Youth ought to bestow their time 
in a disciplinary way from twelve to one and twenty, 1864 
Bowen Logic li. 39 Encumbered it with a mass of disci- 
plinary precepts. 1869 J. Martineau £ss, IL. 27 An excel- 
lent disciplinary instrument for the formation of character. 

+4. Acquired by learning. Ods. rare. 

1647 Trav Comm, Phil. iii. 10 A naturall man may have 
a disciplinary knowledge of Christ, that is, by hear-say, as 
a blinde man hath of colours, not an intuitive. 1658 BaxTER 
Saving Faith vi. 36 ‘Temporary Believers may have more 
then this meer Disciplinary knowledge. /d¢d. 37 He saith 
that one sort of knowledge is Disciplinary..and the other is 
Intuitive. 

+B. 56. =DISCIPLINARIAN 50, 1. Ods. rare. 

1585-7 Rocers 39 Art. (1607) 271 Such adversaries in our 
time be the ., Disciplinaries (usually termed Puritans). 

+ Di'sciplinate, v. Obs. [f. L. désciplinat- 
ppl. stem of disc’plindre to DISCIPLINE.]  ¢rans. 
‘To subject to instruction or discipline ; to discipline. 
Hence Di-sciplinated ///. a., -ating v/. sd. 

a1586 Sipney Wanstead Play Arcadia, etc, (1613) 571 
A Pedagogue, one not a little versed in the disciplinating of 
the iuuentall frie. @ 1624 Br, M. Smivu Seva. (1632) 125 She 
is faine to teach them, and disciplinate them. 1633 AMES 
Agst. Cerem. 1. 203 As if those of our disciplinating were 
so conceyted. 1647 Warp Simple Cod. 43, L have.. seen 

. such Epidemicall and lethall formality in other dis- 
ciplinated Churches. 

+ Disciplina‘tion. O¢s.vave—'. [ad. med. 
L. disciplination-em, n. of action from disceplinare : 
see prec.] Subjection to discipline. 

1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen 280 These were they 
that had passed under his Disciplination. 

Disciplina:tive, z. vare. [f. L. ppl. stem 
disciplinat-; sce -ATIVE.] =next. 

1792 I. Taytor Comm. Proclus 1, 82 Disciplinative science. 
1855 SMEDLEY Occult Sciences 8 The good they contain is 
not disciplinative but mystic. 

Disciplinatory (disipling':tori, -ploinatori), a. 
[ad. med. L. désezplinatori-us (Du Cange) : see 
prec. and -ory.] Tending to promote discipline. 

1851 I. Taytor Wesley (1852) 255 His abhorrence of 
laxities ..led him to adopt a complicated disciplinatory 
system. 1853 Lyncu Sel//mprov. ili. 62 ‘There are .. Ele- 
mentary and Disciplinatory books. 1865 Sfectator 28 Jan. 
102/2 Education is not merely disciplinatory nor useful, but 
should combine both objects. 

Discipline (di'siplin), 5, Also 4 dici-, 4-6 
disci-, discy-, 4-7 dissi-, dyssy-, dyssi-, 5 
dyscy-, -pline, -plyne. [a. F. déscipline (OF. 
also dece-, dese-, desce-, 11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
ad. L. désc?plina instruction of disciples, tuition, 
for discipulina, f. désctpulus pupil, DISCIPLE. 

Etymologically, discipline, as pertaining to the disciple 
or scholar, is antithetical to doctrine, the property of the 
doctor or teacher ; hence, in the history of the words, doc- 
trine is more concerned with abstract theory, and discipline 
with practice or exercise.] < 

+1. Instruction imparted to disciples or scholars ; 
teaching ; learning; education, schooling. Ods. 

1382 Wycur Prov. iii. 4 Thou shalt finde grace, and good 
discipline [1388 teching] befor God and men. c1s10 Bar- 
cay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) F vj, If thou haue in greke 
had all thy discipline, To dispute in latin what needeth 
thee to seeke. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. 1V, 223b, He 
firste holpe his awne young scholers, to attein to discipline, 
and for them he founded a solempne schoole at Eton, 1606 
Suaxs. 7~. & Cr. u. iii. 31 Heauen blesse thee from a 
Tutor, and Discipline come not neere thee! 1615 Stow’s 
Annals (1631) 307/2 Apt to ull offices of worthinesse, if in 
his child-hood hee had not wanted discipline. 

b. A particular course of instruction to dis- 


ciples. 

Discipline of the Secret (a translation of modern L, dsci- 
plina arcéni, used by Tentzel and Schelstrate 1683-5): a 
term of post-Reformation controversy, applied to modes of 
procedure held to have been observed in the early Church 
in gradually teaching the mysteries of the Christian faith to 
neophytes, and in concealing them from the uninitiated, 

1620-55 I. Jones Stone-Heng (1725) 9 They communicated 


DISCIPLINE. 


nothing, but to those of their own ee taking i 
Order. .their Discipline might not be divulged. 1833 Rock 
a ata ee ¢ Discipline of the Secret. 1885 
Ci Dict, Discipline of the Secret a convenient 
name for the custom which prevailed in the early Church 
of ling from heathen and h the more 
sacred and mysterious doctrines and rites of. .religion. 

2. A branch of instruction or education; a de- 
partment of learning or knowledge ; a science or 
art in its educational aspect. arch. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Can, Yeom, Prol. & T. 700 Assaye in 
myn absence This disciplyne and this crafty science. 1§00- 
20 Dunsar Poems Ixy. 4 To speik of science, craft, or 
sapience. . Off euerie study, lair, or discipline. 1549 Cover- 
DALE, etc. Erasm, Par. Eph. 11. 2 Being singularely 
learned in humayne disciplines, ye haue excelled other 
sortes of men euer vnto this day. 1597 Morey Jnutrod, 
Mus, 184 Yet tearmeth he musick a perfect knowledge of 
al sciences and disciplines. 1 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 2 
Objective disciplines be .. principally four. 1 Theologie. 
2 Testareiioncs: 3 Medicine. 4 Philosophy. 1685 Boyie 
Eng. Notion Nat. 375 Acquainted with Physico-Mathe- 
matical Disciplines, such as Opticks, Astronomy, Hydro- 
staticks, and Mechanicks. 174: MippLeton Cvcero I. vi. 
454 Skill'd in all the Tuscan heey peers of interpretin 

rtentous events. 1844 Emerson Lect. New Eng. Reh 
Wks, (Bohn) I. 266 The culture of the mind in those dis- 
ciplines to which we give the name of education. 1864 
Burton Scot Aér. 11.i. 48 Professors of arts and disciplines 
at Paris. rig Bet Gegenbaur’s Comp, Anat. 1 The de- 
partment of Science which has organic nature for its in- 
vestigations, breaks up into two great divisions, Botany 
and Zoology .. The two disciplines together form the 
science of living nature. 

3. Instruction having for its aim to form the 
pupil to proper conduct and action; the training 
of scholars or subordinates to proper and orderly 
action by instructing and exercising them in the 
same; mental and moral training; also used jig. 
of the training effect of experience, adversity, etc. 

1434 Misyn Mending of Life 112 Qwhat is disciplyne bot 
settyng of maners or correctynge?.. be disciplyne we ar 
taght rightwysnes, & of ill correctyd. 1607 Bacon Ess. 
Marriage & Single L. (Arb.) 268 Certainely wife and 
children are a kind of discipline of humanity. 1697 DrypDEN 
Virg. Georg. Wt. 323 The pamper’d Colt will Discipline 
disdain. 1733 STEELE Englishman No, 7. 46 Clowns under 
the Discipline of the Dancing-Master. 1736 Butter Anad. 
1. v. Wks. 1874 1.85 The present life was intended to be 
a state of discipline for a future one. 1741 MIpDLETON 
Cicero 1. v1. 461 Caelius..was a young Gentleman. .trained 
under the discipline of Cicero himself. MAacauLay 
Hist. Eng. U1. 240 A mind on which all the discipline of 
experience and adversity had been exhausted in vain. 1857 
Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art i. (1868) 23 The notion of Discipline 
and Interference lies at the root of all human progress or 
power, 1862 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /nq. 11. v. 177 No part 
of early education is more important than the discipline of 
the imagination. 1892 Westcott Gosfel of Life 270 Every 
sorrow and pain is an element of discipline. 

b. spec. Training in the practice of arms and 
military evolutions; drill. Formerly, more widely: 
Training or skill in military affairs generally ; 
military skill and experience; the art of war. (Cf. 
sense 2.) 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. i. 3 Rules, techyngs and 
dyscyplyne of armes. 1555 Even Decades 21 A man not 
ignorant in the disciplyne of warre. 1602 Warner A /é, 
Eng. 1x. xlvi. (1612) 216 Martialists in Discipline and order- 
ing their war. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 41 
School of war ., where all the Martiall Spirits resorted, to 
learn Discipline, and to put it in practice. 1775 R. H. Lee 
in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) I. 52 Without discipline 
armies are fit only for the contempt and slaughter of their 
enemies. 1776 Gipson Decl. § F. I. 297 It was the rigid 
attention of Aurelian, even to the minutest articles of Re 
cipline, which bestowed such uninterrupted success on his 
arms. 

+e. A course of training. Ods. 

1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb, wt. (1586) 153 The 
knowledge of keeping cattell hath a discipline, wherein 
aman must from his very Childhood be brought up. — 
Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 188 By such an Oeconomy an 
Discipline, as our Industrious Gardiner may himself be 
continualy improving. 1683 Brit, Spec. 40 To those .. who 
«- underwent the Severities of a long and tedious Discipline. 

4. The orderly conduct and action which result 
from training; a trained condition. 

1509 Fisner un, Serm. C'tess. Richmond Wks. (1876) 290 
The comparyson of them two may be made .. In nobleness 
of Persone, in di lyne of theyr bodyes, 1gsr ‘T. Witson 
Logike (1580) 15 b, The polliticall lawe doeth cause an out- 
ward discipline to be observed, even of the wicked. 1611 
Biste 7ransi, Pref. 1 Seeking to reduce their Countrey- 
men to good order and discipline. 1728 Newton Chronod. 
Amended iv, 312 He ., reduced the irregular and undis- 
ciplined forces of the Medes into discipline and order. 
1781 Gisson Deed, §& F. III, liii. 287 The discipline of a 
soldier is formed by exercise rather than by study. 1827 
Potro Course 7. 1v, Sound-headed men, Of proper dis- 
cipline and excellent mind. 

5. The order maintained and observed among 
pupils, or other persons under control or com- 
mand, such as soldiers, sailors, the inmates of a 
religious house, a prison, etc. 

[e tr. De Imitatione \. xxv, Fervent & devoute brepren 
& we & under discipline.) 1667 Perys Diary 1 Apr. 
(Wheatley, 1895, VI. 249) [Sir] W. Coventry is wholly resolved 
to bring him to punishment ; for, ‘ bear with this’, says he, 
‘and no discipline shall ever be expected.’ Drypen 
Virg. Georg. i. 509 Let crooked Steel invade The lawless 
peers hich disciplinedisclaim, 1813 Wetincton in Gurw. 
Desp.X. 539 The fact is, that, if discipline means obedi 
to orders, as well as military instruction, we have but little 


| either doth neglect, or may not punish. 1858-60 


doctrine, is regulated. 


416 


of it in the army. Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1873) 
494 Discipline .. should exercise its influence without 
ay ing to do so, Marryat Midsh. Easy xiii, If 


I do not punish him, I allow a flagrant and open violation 
of discipline to pass d Macautay Hist, 
Eng. 1. 424 The discipline of work: of schools, of 
private families. .was infinitely harsher. 1889 7imes 9 Mar. 
16/1, I recently heard a learned limb of the law .. confound 
prison punishment with prison discipline, forgetting that 
the former is merely a means of enforcing the latter. 

b. A system or method for the maintenance of 
order; a ayeen of rules for conduct. 

B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 40 The Mutiners 
governed themselves in form of a Republick, observing 
a most exact discipline. 1726 SHetvocke Voy. round World 
(1757) 227 Having regulated themselves according to the 
discipline of Jamaica. 1861 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 47 
The inmates .. were submitted to an almost ic dis- 


—séDISCIPLINE, 


Fun, Serm, C'tess Richmond Wks, (1876) 293 The 
Martha is praysed in her Body by een 
dyscyplyne. 1620 SHELTON .1V. xxv. LI, did * 
institute 4 
allthat Country. 1686 J.Sexceant Hist. Monast. Convent. 
34 1fany be fo 790 W: Vera Wire nee 
or ings. cr ILLOCK i ith a t 

- pap A discipline tai ie: 


tle of moving. x81 Sporting Mag. XXXVII. 133 
ca! moving. I . . 
{She} came in for her share the disci os which her os 
was undergoi 1888 Bernarp /'r. World to Cloister 

v. 113 The ich are known as ‘the 
discipline’. 

b. fransf. Hence applied to the instrument of 
chastisement : A whip or scourge; esp, one used 
for religious penance. 


1622 Peacuam Compl. Gent. 120 By Chastity standeth 
P having driven away with her discipline Winged 


austerities which 


cipline. 

. Eccles. The system or method by which order 
is maintained in a church, and control exercised 
over the conduct of its members; the procedure 
whereby this is carried out; the exercise of the 
power of censure, admonition, excommunication, 


or other penal measures, by a Christian Church. 
1549 Bk. Comm. Prayer, Commination, In the primitive 
church there was a godly discipline, that, at the beginning 
of Lent, such persons as were notorious sinners were put to 
open penance. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. (1578) 1. 
xii. 2 The first foundation of discipline is, that priuate 
monitions should haue place, 1574 tr. Marlorat’s Apocalips 
18 Our meeting vpon that day rather than vpon any other, 
is onely for orders sake, and for a certeine discipline in the 
Churche. 12621 First Book of Discipline (1721) 1x. i. 568 
‘The order of Ecclesiastical Discipline, which stands in re- 
proving and correcting of the Faults which the Civill Sword 
GARDNER 
Faiths World |. 479/1 The ancient discipline of the church, 
while it excluded offenders from spiritual privileges, left all 
their natural or civil rights unaffected. 2 
b. Hence, generally, the system by which the 
practice of a church, as distinguished from its 
Spec., in Eng. Ch. Hist., 
The ecclesiastical polity of the Puritan or Presby- 
terian party (thence styled DISCIPLINARIANS) in 


the 16th and 17th c. 

Books of Discipline: the name of two documents, adopted 
in 1561 and 1581 respectively, constituting the original stan- 
dards of the polity and government of the Reformed Church 
of Scotland, and also dealing with schools, universities, and 
other matters. 

1574 [W. Travers (fit/e) Hecclesiastice Discipline et 
Anglicanz Ecclesia ab illa aberrationis..explicatio.) —T. 
Cartwaricut {transl. of prec.) (¢i¢de) A full and plain Decla- 
ration of Ecclesiastical Disci line owt of the Word off God, 
and of the declining of the Churche of England from the 
same. 1588 W. Travers (¢it/e) A Defence of the ecclesi- 
astical discipline ordayned of God to be used in his Church, 
agaynst a reply of Maister Bridges. 1593 Apr. BANcRorr 
(title) A Survay of the Pretended Holy Discipline. /d/d. 
v. 70 (heading) The pretended Antiquitie of the Consistorian 
Discipline. 1 Fiscces Eccl. Pol. (1888) 1. 126 The 
wonderful zeal and fervour wherewith ye have withstood 
the received order of this Church..to join..for the further- 
ance of that which ye term the Lord's Discipline. bid. 
127 Let it be lawful for me to rip up to the very bottom how 
and by whom your Discipline was planted. /éd. 138 That 
which Calvin did for establishment of his discipline, seemeth 
more commendable than that which he taught for the 
countenancing of it when established. 1610 B. Jonson 
Alch. 1. i, This heat of his may turn into a zeal, And stand 
up for the beauteous discipline Against the menstruous 
cloth and rag of Rome. 1642 Cuas. I, re Protestations 4 
New doctrines and disciplines. 1 wt0N (title) The 
Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce restored .. from the 
Bondage of Canon Law. 1676 W. Husparp Happiness of 
People 35 Wee in New England that profess the doctrine 
of Calvin, yet practise the Sisciplice of them called Inde- 
pendant, or Congregational Churches. 1792 Burke Let, to 
Sir H, Langris ks. 1842 I. 547 Three religions ., each 
of which has its confession of faith and its settled discipline. 
1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 5. 509 The Presbyterian 
organization remained untouched in doctrine or discipline, 

Catholic Dict. 265 Usually, discipline in its ecclesi- 
astical sense signifies the laws which bind the subjects of 
the Church in their conduct, as distinct from dogmas or 
articles of faith, which affect their belief. 

¢1g66 Knox Hist. Ref Scot. (1848) II. 181 (anno 36%) 

¢ Preacheris vehementlie exhorted us to establische The 


Love. 1630 Wapswortn Pilg. iii. 20 Approaching his 
side with two good disciplines in their hands, the ends of 
some stucke with prickes, they did .. raze his skinne. 
7 . STEVENS 's Com, Wks. (1709) > The 

hipsters. .laid aside their Disciplines. 1825 Scorr 7adism. 
iv, On the floor lay a discipline, or penitential scourge. 1848 
J. H. Newman Loss & Gain ut. x. 376 In the cell .. hangs 
an iron discipline or scourge, studded with nails. 

+ 8. Treatment for some special purpose, e.g. 
medical regimen, Ods. rare. 

1754 Mrs. E,. Mostacu in Four C. Eng. Lett. 280 He has 
been under discipline for his eyes, but his spirits and vivacity 
are not abated. 5 

9. attrib. as in discipline-master, a master in a 
school employed not to teach, but to keep order 
among the pupils. 

1892 Pall Mail G. 2 Nov. 6/3 A discipline master, who 
was running with the hounds, plu in to catch the 
‘hares’, 1895 Daily News 3 Apr. 8/3 Deceased was em- 
ployed as discipline master..at..the Police Orphanage. 

Discipline, v. [a. F. disczpliner (12th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.) or med.L. disctplindre, £. L. dtsci- 
plina DiscIPLine sb,] 

1. trans. To subject to discipline; in earlier use, 
to instruct, educate, train; in later use, more espe- 
cially, to train to habits of order and subordination ; 
to bring under control. 

1382 [see Discirtinep below). 1 Putrennam Eng, 
Poesie 1. xii. (Arb.) 44 With vs Christians, who be better 
disciplined, and do acknowledge but one God. 1638 BAKER 
tr pears Lett. 11. (1654) 97 When some Discipline them- 
selves, others run to debauches of all kindes. Hinve 
¥. Bruen Ep. to Rdr., I would send such to be discipli 
by Erasmus. Brackmore Pr, Arth, 1. 591, I 'd 
and disciplin’d their untaught Hate. 1711 Appison Sfect. 
No. 160 » 4 Great natural Genius’s that were never disci- 
plined and broken by Rules of Art. 1795 Soutney Yoan 
of Arc \x. 145 Heaven by sorrow disciplines The froward 
heart. 1871 R. W. Date Zen Commandm. viii. 206 The 
whole organisation of the world is intended to discipline 
our pete nature. 1888 Burcon Lives 12 Gd. Men II, x, 
242 He had been disciplined in the school of adversity. 

b. sfec. To train in military exercises and prompt 
action in obedience to command ; to drill. 

1598, Barret Theor. Warres 1. i. 7 Warres well conducted 
and disciplined. 1606 Suaxs. 77. yi u. iii, 255 He that dis-. 
ciplin’d thy armes to fight. UTTRELL Bee Ee (she) 
II. 629 Orders were come from England..to discipline t 
militia. 1792 Axecd. W, Pitt 1. v. 138 A farmer .. may be 
a good soldier if you take care to have him eee dis- 
ciplined. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 79 He addressed 
himself vigorously to the task of disciplining these 

soldiers. 1861 Aven. Star 4 Oct., bea een men e 

t 


longer to discipline into soldi i of New 
England, 5 
ce. To subject to ecclesiastical discipline ; ‘to 


execute the laws of the church on offenders, with a 
view to bring them to repentance and reformation 
of life’ (Webster). 

1828 in Wevsrer. [1870 cf. DiscirtinaBLe 3.) 18.. H.W. 
Bercuer Plymouth Pulpit Ser. vi. U1. 134 ( unk & Wagn.) 
He whose orthodoxy inspires b should be disciplined 

2. To inflict penitential discipline upon; to scour, 
or flog by way of penance or mortification of 
flesh; hence, by extension, to chastise, thrash, 


Buke of Discipline, by ane Act and publict Law. 16ar 
CaLverwoop Hist. Kirk (2843) II. 50 At the same conven- 
tioun [1561], the Booke of Discipline was subscribed by a 
great part of the nobilitie. /é/d, 51 To establishe a more 
perfyte discipline, which was done twentie yeeres after .. 
as we sall see in the Second Booke of Discipline. 


1621 

(title, 1st printed ed.) The First and Second Booke of 
— together with some Acts of the Generall As- 
semblies. 1860. . Lee Hist. Ch. Scot. 1, 151 The first head 
of the original Book of Discipline treats of Doctrine .. The 
d head relates t - The fourth head related 


oS 
to Ministers and their lawful election. ates 

7. Correction; ent ; punishment inflicted 
by way of correction and training; in religious use, 
the mortification of the flesh by penance; also, in 
more general sense, a beating or other infliction 
(humorously) assumed to be salutary to the re- 
cipient. (In its monastic use, the earliest English 
sense. ) 

a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 138 Auh ancre schal . . temien ful wel hire 
fleschs .. mid_heuie swinke, mid herde disciplines. 
Ayenb. 236 Hit be-houep pet uless beate and wesse be dis- 
siplines and be hardnesses, 1382 Wyctir Prov. iii, 11 The 
discipline of the Lord, my sone, ne caste thou awey. 1482 
Monk of Evesham Arb.) 22 Alle that were there wyth grete 
contricion of herte toke discyplynys of roddys, 1509 Fisner 


Y madea signe to hym, to discypline me in lyke age 
as he dyd afore. #4B3 CaxtoN God Leg. Yge bh He chen. 
por bg fe Hy ce of mete é diynke & «dys 


Auffidi ndly ? N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xix. 
Naess: First be wad disciplin'd. with rode three & 
1740 Gray Let. Poems 79) 83 Half a dozen wretch 
creatures. .are in a side-chapel disciplining themselves with 
scourges full of iron pikes. 1786 tr. Beckford's Vathek 
168) 208 Ties Corte ie of Howry Suse @9 He 
ind, . F. Knox tr. Life en 
pom ye 9 tno the poi 2 aoe of the "Blessed ag 
ment and t ine himself, 
+b. intr. (for ref.) To chastise oneself. Obs. 

axe F- § P, (1862) 154 Wip seint benetis scurge lome 
3e ne 

+8. trans. To deal with or treat of in an orderly 
manner. Ods. rare. < ; 

1658 Evetyn 7. Gard. (3675) 261 Your fruit, your herbs, 
and your pulses are disciplin’d in the two former treatises. 
Hence Disciplined A#/, a.; Di'seiplining 2//. 


sh. and ppl. a. ‘ 
x yeur Yas. tii, 13 Who is wijse, and disciplined 


tau3t] among 30u? ¢ 1400 Test, Love (R.) After a good 
Uaeiplindiy with a" they kepe right doctrine of 


DISCIPLINER. 


their schole. 164z Mitton Ch. Govt. i. (1851) 99 They are 
left to their own disciplining at home. 1645 Evetyn Mem. 
(1857) I. 191 Amongst other things, they shew St. Catharine's 

isciplining cell. 1668 Perys Diary 20 Dec., How the 

Spaniards are the best disciplined foot in the world. 1669 
Woonuzan St. Teresa u. xxvi. 161 Her penances, and dis- 
ciplinings were numerous. 1781 Gipson Decd. & F. 111. 165 
laric was a Christian and a soldier, the leader of a dis- 
ciplined army. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. iv. § 53 
(1875) 175, 4 developed and disciplined intelligence. 

‘scipliner. [f. DiscipLive sé. or v. + -ER1,] 
One who disciplines or subjects to discipline ; an 
adherent of a system of discipline. 

1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. (1632) 784 The King 
incensed against these discontented discipliners. 1644 
Mitton Areop. (Arb.) 42 Had an Angel bin his discipliner. 
1656 Ducness or Newcast_e Life (1886) 280 Two of my 
three brothers were excellent soldiers, and martial disci- 
pliners. 1731 Mrs. Penparves in Mrs. Delany's Life & 
Corr, 312 ‘Yhe gout or rheumatism you have never pro- 
voked—it would be hard indeed if you should suffer by those 
severe discipliners. 1898 19th Cent, Aug. 251 Any monk 
lying abed later than four without excuse was sent to the 

iscipliner for birching. 

Discipling, vd/. sb. and ppl. a.: see DISCIPLE v. 

+Disciplinize, v. Os. rave. [f. DiscrpLine 
50, +-1ZE.] trans. To bring under discipline; spec. 
under the Presbyterian ecclesiastical discipline. 

1659 GaupeN Tears of Ch. 609 These were to do the 
Journey-work of Presbytery..undertaking to Directorize, 
to Unliturgize, to Catechize, and to Disciplinize their 
Brethren. _ 

+ Discipliza ‘tion. = Discipling: see DIscIPLE v. 

1657-83 Evetyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. 55 The unprofit- 
ableness and weakness of the former disciplization. 

Discipular (disi:pilax), a. [f. L. désc¢pul-us 
DiscrpLE + -arl.] Of, belonging to, or of the 
nature of, a disciple. 

1859 Sat. Rev. 13 Aug. 198/r Mr. Mansel’s .. discipular 
spirit marks him out to carry onward the new Scottish 
Philosophy. 1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 181 By 
Sankara and by all his discipular successors. 1873 Mortey 
Rousseau 11. xi, 93 His discipular patience when his master 
told him that his verses were poor, 

Disci‘pulate. rare. [f. as prec. + -aTE!.] 
The state of a disciple ; discipleship, pupilage. 

cam Tait's Mag. 1X. 681 During the period of his disci- 
pulate. : 

Disci:pulize, v. rare. 
trans, =DISCIPLE 2. 2. 

aes Kitto’s Cycl. Bibl. Lit. (ed. 3) 1293/2 When we come 
to ask, what is implied in discipleship? in what relation 
does baptism stand to the discipulising of nations ? 

Discission ie Fen Also 7 discition, 
discision. [ad. L. disciss?én-em,n. of action f. 
discindére to cleave, cut asunder: see Discinp. 
But the 17th c. spelling dzsc?ston appears to come 
from L, dis- and cedere, -cidere to cut, ppl. stem 
-cis-: see DISOIDE, and cf. excision, incision.) A 
cleaving, rending, or cutting asunder; now only in 
Surg. : An incision into a tumour or cataract: see 
DECISION 4. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul u. iii. ut. xlviii, So gentle 
Venus ., Casts ope that azur curtain by a swift discission. 
1661 G. Rust Origen in Phenix 1. 37 As painful as the 
violent discision of very Life would be could it be forcibly 
torn in pieces. 1 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xv. 590 
You must slant your Knife and endeavour discision with an 
oblique Hand. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Discission, a cutting 
into; especially an incision into or laceration of the capsule 
of the lens in the operation for the removal of cataract. 

Discition, obs. form of Drciston. 

1633 Prynne Histrio-Mastix u. iv. 92 (R.) Declining 
their owne particular discitions to avoid all partiality. 

Disclaim (disklz'm), v. [a. AF. des-, dis- 
clamer (accented stem desclaime), f. des-, Dis- 4 
+clamer to CLAIM; in med.(Anglo)L. disclamére.] 

1. intr. Law. To renounce, relinquish, or repu- 
diate a legal claim; to make a formal disclaimer. 
Const. +22 the thing disclaimed, + ou¢ of or from 
the claim of the other party. 

Originally said in reference to the renunciation of the 
claim of feudal lordship or tenancy by the lord or tenant 
respectively. 

(2302 Vear-books Edw. I an. 30-31. 83 (Godefroy) Si le 
tenaunt portat sun bref ‘de homagio recipiendo’ seriez vus 
rescuzadesclameren sun homage. 1304 /éid. 119 En plee qe 
chiet par voye de destresse le tenaunt poet desclamer, 1409 
Act 9 Hen. 1V,c. 4 Ordines est et establies que nul home 
larron n’autre felon en Gales ouvertement conus ne soit 

effert par disclaimer hors del seignourie ou la felonie fust 
faict et qe tielx manere de disclaime soit de tout oustes, 
[Pulton's transi. It is ordained and stablished, that no 
Thiefe nor Felon in Wales, openly knowne, be suffered to 
disclaime out of the Seigniorie where the felony was done, 
and that such maner of disclaiming be vtterly put out.] 

{a 1481 LittLeton Zenures (ed. Houard) 145 Si I’seignior 
Pa est vouché ne avoit resceivé pas homage del tenant ne 

ascun de ses auncesters, le seignior (s'il voit) poit dis- 
clamer en le seigniory, et issint ouste le tenant de son 
garranty.] 


[f. as prec. + -1ZE.] 


) or deny, 
as to deny an vther to be his superiour; as quhen the 
superiour affirmis the landes to halden of him, and 
the vassall denies the samin. 1628 Coke On Litt. 102 a, 
The lord may disclaime .. which signifieth utterly to re- 
nounce the seignory. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. 
lxii. (1739) 125 If the Lord fail, he loses his Tenure, and the 
bic ac - Sapsanaien disclaim, and hold over for ever. 
OL, . 


417 


3651 /did. 1. xiii. (1739) 71 He that hath both Right and 
Power, and will not seize, disclaims. 1809 Tomiins Law 
Dict. s.v. Disclaimer, Such person as cannot lose the hin 
perpetually in which he disclaims, shall not be permitte 
to disclaim. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 494 The law 
adjudges the frank tenement in B, till he disagrees or dis- 
claims. 1848 WHarton Law Lex. 182 He cannot so dis- 
claim after he has proved the will of his own testator. 

+2. zxtr. transf. a. To renounce or disavow 
all-part 27; =sense 4. Ods. 

1560 A. L. tr. Calvin's Foure Sernt. Songe Ezech. iv, As 
if God would reject them, and utterly disclaime in them. 
158x Mutcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 195 Disclayming in 
that which vertue auaunceth not. 1605 SHaks. Learn. ii. 
59 You cowardly Rascall, nature disclaimes in thee. 1637 
B. Jonson Sad Sheph. 1. ii, The sourer sort Of shepherds 
now disclaim in all such sport. 

b. To proclaim one’s renunciation of, or dis- 
sent from. Obs. 

1604 R. Parsons 37d Part Three Convers. Eng. 360 He 
disclaymed from the Bohemians or Hussits and their 
opinions. 1605 Answ. Discov. Romish Doctr. 39 They not 
wholy disclaime from the Kinges Authority. 1624 Lp. 
Witiams in Jortesc. Papers 203 He disclayminge from 
all fees and profitts of the place. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. 
Biondi’s Eromena 125 Catascopo disclaimed from having 
ever named me. 

Jig. 1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 67. These two 
conditions .. doe openly disclaime from quantity and from 
matter, 

3. trans. Law. To renounce a legal claim to; 
to repudiate a connexion with or concern in. 

[Arising by omission of the preposition in sense 1: with 
quot. 1607, cf. 1534 FitzHerBErT La Nouv. Nat. Brevium 
(1567) 197 b, Sil ne disclaime en le sank ; ¢vans/. 1652 If he 
do not disclaim in the blood.] 

1595 SHaks. K. Fohn 1. i. 247, I am not Sir Roberts 
sonne, I haue disclaim’d Sir Robert, and my land, Legitima- 
tion, name, and all is gone. 1607 CoweLt /nterpr. s.v. 
Disclaimer, lf a man deny himselfe to be of the blood or 
kindred of another in his plee, he is said to disclaime his 
blocd. /éid. If a man arraigned of felonie do disclaime 
goods, being cleared he leeseth them. r6sr W. G. tr. 
Cowel'’s Inst, 48 Nor can an Infant disclaim that Guardian 
who prosecutes an action for him as being next of Kinn. 
1670 [see Disctaimer 1 b]. 1754 [see DiscLaMaTION 1]. 1768 
Biackstonk Como. 111. 249 Upon this the bishop and the 
clerk usually disclaim all title. 1818 Cruise Digest ‘ed. 2) 
I. 123 Tenant for life may also forfeit his estate by disclaim- 
ing to hold of his lord. 1848 WuHarton Law Lex. 182 
A devisee in fee may, by deed, without manner of record, 
disclaim the estate devised. /é7d¢, An executor may, before 
probate, disclaim the executorship. 

b. To relinquish a part of (a patent) by a dis- 
claimer. 

1835 Lp. Broucuam 3 June, in Hansard ser. 3. XXVIII. 
474 Uhe parts disclaimed should not detrimentally affect 
the other parts of the invention. 1888 R. GrirFin Patent 
Cases decided 12 Application. .to disclaim the 8th claim. 

4. To disavow any claim to or connexion with ; 
to renounce or reject as not belonging to oneself ; 
to disown formally or emphatically. 

1593 Suaks. Rich, 7, 1. i. 70 There I throw my gage, Dis- 
claiming heere the kindred of a King, And lay aside my 
high bloods Royalty. 1636 Hrywoop Challenge 1. Wks. 
1874 V. 21 Sir, shee’s yours, Or I disclaime her ever. 1647 
Crarenpvon //ist, Red, 11. (1843) 47/2 A short protestation.. 
in which all men should. .disclaim and renounce the having 
any intelligence, or holding any correspondence with the 
rebels. 1704 Pore Spring 87 Tell me but this, and I'll dis- 
claim the prize. 1791-1823 D'Israeii Cur. Lit., Liter. For- 
geries, The real author. .obliged him afterwards to disclaim 
the work in print. 1875 Jowert /’/ato (ed. 2) 1V. 224 Socrates 
disclaims the character of a professional eristic. 1895 
Grapstone Let, 8 Aug. in Daily News 12 Aug. 5/4, 1 
entirely disclaim the hatred and hostility to Turks, or any 
race of men, which you ascribe to me. 

+b. (with complement.) To refuse to acknow- 
ledge (any one, or oneself) to be (so and so). Ods. 

1597 T. Bearp Theat. Gods Fudgem. (1612) 220 [He].. 
also disclaimed him from being his father, /ézd. 524 Dis- 
claiming him to be her son. 1602 WARNER A/d. Eng. x1. 
Ixvii. (1612) 288 That Helen may disclaime her selfe for 
Helen inher glas. 1670 WALTON Lives 1. 133 To perswade 
him, ,todisclaim himselfa Member ofthe Church of England. 

5. To refuse to admit (something claimed by 
another) ; to reject the claims or authority of, to 
renounce, 

1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 28 They likewise dis- 
claimed the Authority of the Pope. 1769 Rosertson Chas. V, 
V. 11, 130 It was lawful for the people to disclaim him as 
their sovereign. 1781 Gipson Decd. & F. Il. xliii. 585 The 
troops..disclaimed the command of their superiors. 184 
Evruinstone ist, [ndia 1.203 They agree with the Baudhas 
.-in disclaiming the divine authority of the Védas. 

+b. To refuse (a thing claimed). Ods. rare. 

1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lix. (1739) 114 These 
then are the rights that the King claimed, and the Clergy 
disclaimed at the first. 1725 Pore Odyss. vin. 39 Let none 
to strangers honours due disclaim. 

+e. To decline or refuse (¢o do something). Ods. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary t. (1625) 63 Yet disclaime you 
ta be married, you will heare of no suters. 1589 WARNER 
Alb. Eng, Prose Addit. (1612) 340, I that will not liue to 
heare it so, heartily disclaime to haue it so, 1805 Miniature 
No. 32 P13 The errors of the schoolboy will become the 
errors of the man, if he disclaims to adopt my practice. 

+ 6. To denounce the claims or pretensions of; to 


cry out upon. Cds, 

1590 J. Ecerton in Confer. 32, I shalbe readye to dis- 
clayme you wheresoeuer I come, not only for men Ki of 
pietie, but euen of ciuile honestie also, 1659 B. Harris 
Parival's Iron Age 63 The Arminians [were] reviled, and 
disclaimed, as no better then half Traytors, by the very 
dregs of the people. 


DISCLAIMER. 


tb. intr. Disclaim against: to cry out against, 
DECcLAIM against. Ods. 

1615 J. SrepHeNs Satyr. Ess. 202 Hee is not .. ashamed 
to quarrell, first with his Patron, and openly disclaim against 
the poor value of his Benefice. 1706 J. SERGEANT Chapter 
of William (1853) 81 That he resolutely oppose it, and 
disclaim against it, in the chapter’s name. 1749 FiELDING 
Tom Fones x1. i, Which bears an exact analogy to the vice 
here disclaimed against. 

7. trans. Her. To declare not to be entitled to 
bear arms; to ‘make infamous by proclamation’ 
(those who used arms without any right, or assumed 
without authority the title of a or Gentle- 
man) as formerly done by the heralds at their 
visitations. (Said also of the persons, in sense 4.) 

1634 Visitation of Bucks \in Rylands, Disclaimers (1888, 
ix.) Robt. Wilmott, Chadderton, for usurping the Title of 
Gent, notwithstanding having been disclaimed in the Visita- 
tion made 1611, — Visitation of Worcestersh. (ibid.), Edmd. 
Brothby.. to be spared from disclaiming in regard of his 
being a souldier and of deserts. — Mist. Hereford (ibid. 
viii’, John Phillips of Ledbury to be disclaimed at our next 
sizes because he was not disclaimed at our being in the 
country, being respyted then for proofe. 1888 J. P. RYLANDS 
Disclaimers at the Heralds’ Visttations viii, Vhe practice 
seems to have been for the visiting Herald to induce the 
persons summoned to disclaim under their hands if they 
would .. and if they declined, or did not attend .. they were 
disclaimed at the Assizes. 

Hence Disclaimed ///. a., Disclaiming 72/. sd, 
and ff/. a. 

1602 Suaks, //ame. vy. ii. 252 Let my disclaiming from a 
purpos'd euill, Free me so farre in your most generous 
thoughts, 1607 Hirron /iks. I. 268 In all those which 
thinke and hope to bee saued, there must bee a disclaiming, 
a renouncing, an vtter forsaking of those sinnes. 1659 L. 
Harris Parival’s [ron Age 60 A Disciple of that so much 
disclaimed Italian. 1802 Mrs. Rapcuirrr Poet. Hoks. (1833 
Il. 271 ‘The ron .. bowed with a disclaiming gesture. 
1885 Brivcres Nero ut. iv. 16/2 ‘Thou wert right in that, 
Wrong now returning on disclaimed ambition. 1892 Nef. 
Patent Cases 1X. 83 The language of this disclaiming clause. 

+ Disclaim, 54. Ods. [a. AF. disclaime, f. 
disclamer: see prec. vb.] An act of disclaiming ; 
formal renunciation or repudiation of a claim. 

[1409 see Disciraim 7.1]. 1475 Bh. Noblesse 35 And so the 
said king Lowes relese was..a disclayme frome the kinges 
of Fraunce for ever. 1611 Seren ///st. Gt. Brit. vit. i. § 2. 
1g0 The associates of Britaine were now returned with vtter 
disclaime of further assistance. 1662 Jesurts’ Reasons (1675) 
128 You..make your disclaim of these..Opinions. 1674 
A. G. Quest. conc. Oath of Alleg. 29 The disclaim of His 
indirect Authority over Kings. 1786 /rancis the Philan- 
thropist 111. 85 A blush, not of disclaim, spread her cheek. 

Disclaimant. [f.Disciaimyz.,atter cla/mant.] 
Onewho disclaims \a part of a patent): cf. DiscLaim 


@. 3.5. 

1892 Rules of Practice U.S. Patent Cf. 52 To which the 
disclaimant does not choose to claim title. ; 

Disclaimer ! (diskléi-ma). [a. AF. désclatmer 
inf. used sbst.: see -ER4.] An act or action of 
disclaiming. 

1. Zaw. The action of disclaiming in reference 
to the feudal relationship, esf. on the part of the 
vassal or tenant ; repudiation of a legal claim. 

1579 Zermes dela Ley 68b, If the tenant say that hee 
disclaymeth to hold of him, this is called a disclaimer, and 
if y’ Lord thereupon bring a writ of right, sur disclaimer, 
and it be found against the tenaunt, hee shall lose the 
land, 16x8 Puton S¢at. (1632) 269, 9 Hen. IV, c. 4 (¢é¢Ze) 
Disclaimer in felony in Wales shall be vtterly excluded and 
put out, 1650 B. Discolliminium g Christ. .seems to judge 
It necessary to make a cautelous Disclaimer of the Power 
that requir’d it, 1767 Brackstone Com. Il. 275 Equiva- 
lent..to an illegal alienation by the particular tenant, Is the 
civil crime of disclaimer, as where a tenant, who holds of any 
lord, neglects to render him the due seryices, and, upon an 
action brought to recover them, disclaims to hold of his lord. 

b. An act of renouncing or relinquishing a legal 
claim ; a formal refusal to accept an estate, trust, 
duty, etc.: see DISCLAIM v. 3. 

[1573 Staunprorp Les Plees del Coron 11. 186 Icy par cel 
disclaimer: il perdra les biens..as queux il disclaima). 
1670 Biount Law Dyct.s.v., In Chancery, if a Defendant 
by his Answer Disclaim the having any interest in the thing 
in question, this is also called a Disclaimer. 1 Tomttxs 
Law Dict. s.v., There is a deed of disclaimer of executor- 
ship of a will, etc., where an executor refuses, and throws 
up the same, 1876 Dicsy Read Prof. x. § 1. 371 In all other 
cases the proper mode of refusing to accept a conveyance or 
devise of land. .is an execution by an alienee of full capacity 
of a deed of disclaimer, ¢ F = 

e. Patent Law. An alteration by which a speci- 
fication is amended in such a manner as to relinquish 
a portion of the invention, when in danger of being 
invalidated on account of the comprehensiveness 
of the claim. Formerly (up to 1883), an instru- 
ment executed by a patentee abandoning a part 


of his claim of invention. : 

1835 Act 5 & 6 Will. IV, c. 83 [He] may enter a disclaimer 
of any part of his specification, 1879 Cassed/'s Techn. Educ, 
LV. bebe frome A means by which a grantee may abandon 
portions of the title,. .this process is called a disclaimer. 1883 
Act 46 & 47 Vict. Chap. 57 (Patents Act) § 18 Amend his 
specification. . by way of disclaimer, correction, or explana- 
tion. 1892 Rules of Practice U.S. Patent Off. 77 Such 
disclaimer shall be in writing. ; 

2. generally. A disavowal of claims or preten- 
sions; a renunciation, denial, or rejection. 

1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 164, I think the honour of 
our nation to be somewhat concerned in the — of 


DISCLAIMER. 


the dings of this society. 1825 Coreripce Aids Ref. 
(1848) I. 109 If after these disclaimers I shall without proof 
be charged by any with renewing or favouring the errors. 
3862 Mrs. GaskeLt C. Bronte 228 It conveys a peremptory 
disclaimer of the report that the writer was engaged to be 
married to her father’s curate. 1868G. Durr Pol. Surv. 42 
Our emphatic disclaimer of fellow feeling with the Cretan 
insurgents. 

3. “er. A proclamation or announcement made 
by English heralds, during their regular visitations, 
of persons having no right to armorial bearings, 
or to the title of Esquire or Gentleman, especially 
of such as were found usurping these without right. 

Sir T. Puitiies (¢é¢/e) Heralds’ Visitation Disclaimers. 
Xx J. P. Rytanns Disclaimers at the Heralds’ Visi- 
tations x, He notes the press-mark of each MS. in the 
College of Arms, from which he copied the list of disclaimers. 

Disclaimer”, [f. Disctaimv.+-Eal] One 
who disclaims. 

1702 Ecuarp Eccl. Hist. (1710) 176 The multitude might 
have abandoned him as a disclaimer of his own sovereignty. 
1754 Richarpson Grandison (1781) IV. v. 43 Girls, writing 
2 themselves on these occasions, must be disclaimers, you 
know. 

Disclamation (disklimé' fon). 
from med.L. disclamare to DISCLAIM. 

1. Sc. Law. The action of disclaiming on the 
part of a tenant, etc.: see Disciaim vz. 1, and cf. 
DiscLaiMer ! 1. 

1592 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 604 (Jam.) With all richt .. 
be ressone of ward, nonentries .. purprusionis, disclama- 
tiounis, bastardrie [etc.]. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law 
(1809) Disclamation is that casualty whereby a vassal 
forfeits his whole feu to his superior, if he disowns or dis- 
claims him without ground, as to any part of it. 1861 W. 
Bett Dict. Law Scotl 290 Disclamation signifies a vassal’s 
disavowal..of a person as a superior, whether the person so 
disclaimed be the superior or not. 

2. Renunciation, repudiation, disclaimer. 

1610 Br. Hatt Afol. Brownists § 7 To speake as if before 
her late disclamation of Poperie .. shee [Ch. of Engl.) had 
not beene. 1649 — Cases Consc. 403 Let .. servants .. 
count their (infidell) masters worthy of all honour; not 
worthy therefore of desertion and disclamation. 1772 Scots 
Mag. 457 Mr. Wallace's disclamation of a late publication. 
1814 Scorr Wav. vi, The bibliopolist greeted him, notwith- 
standing avery disclamation, by the ttle of Doctor. 1892 
Stevenson & Ospournr. Wrecker xvii. 275, | cannot tell with 
what sort of disclamation I sought to reply. 

lamatory (disklae'matari), @. rare. [f. 
as prec. + -ORY.] Of the nature of, or tending to 
disclamation ; having the character of disclaiming. 

1853 Reape Chr. Fohustone ii. *My Lord, my Lord!’ 
remonstrated Saunders, with a shocked and most disclam- 


atory tone. 

+ Disclander, sb. Obs. Forms: 4-6 des-, 
dys-, discla(u)nder, -dre, -dir, -dyr, 5 disclan- 
dar, disklander, deslaundre, 5-6 disla\u)nder, 
-dre, dyssclaunder. [a. AF. *desclandre, dis- 
claunder (15th c.) deriv. of OF. escla-ndre, earlier 
escandre, escandle, escandele:—L. scandalum : see 
EscianprE; cf. ScanpaL and SLANDER. The 
prefix des- in Anglo-Fr. was prob, due to some 
analogy, or to confusion of des- and es-.] 

1. Malicious speech bringing opprobrium upon 
any one; slander. 

c 1300 Beket 2073 Thu missaist foule thine owe louerd.. 
Ho mij3te suffri such desclandre, bot he nome wrecche? 
1471 Arriv. Edw, [V (Camden) 21 The false, faynyd 
fables, and disclandars, that .. were wont to be seditiously 
sowne and blowne abowt all the land. 1548 Hatt Chron., 
Hen. VI, 99», He declareth you a true man to hym .. the 
saied dislaunder and noysyng notwithstandyng. 1562 in 
Stow's Surv. (1754) IL. v. xxi. ride Sy If their offences be 

reat. .offending is master by theft or dislander or such 
Bie, then to command him to Newgate. 

2. Reproach or reprobation called forth by what 
is considered shameful or wrong; public disgrace 
or opprobrium ; scandal, 

1362 Lani. P. Pi. A. v. 75, I haue.. Ablamed him be- 
hynde his bak to bringe him in disclaundre. ¢1374 Cuavcer 
Troylus w. 536 (564) For yf I wolde it openly distourbe, It 
most ben disclaundre to here name. 1402 Hoccteve Lester 
ge so 70 No worshippe may he thus to him conquere, 

ut ae) disclander vnto himand here! 1432-50 tr. Higden 
(Rolls) V. 143 The disclaunder of your ylle disposicion 
scholde not be knowen amonge ~ enmyes. 1462 J. Pas- 
ton in Paston Lett. No. 439. II. 89 To deliver seison ac- 
cordynge to the same feffement, to the gret disclaundre of 
the Seid Sir John and all his, 1§31-2 Act 23 Hen. V///, 
c. 1 [They] suffre them to make their purgacions ,. to the 
greatte disclaunder of suche as pursue suc loers. 

+ Disclander, v. O’s. Forms: see prec. 
[ME. desc/andre, f. prec. sb., perh. through an AF. 
*desclandre-r for OF . esclandrer to slander.] 

1. “vans. To speak evil of, so as to expose to op- 
probrium ; to slander, 

c1ag0 Beket 1246 in S. Eng. Leg. 1.142 Pe bischopes comen 
bi-fore And desclaundreden seint thomas, pat he was fals 
and for-suore. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 138 Pes proude 
..possessioners disclaundren trewe prechours. 14.. 4. £. 
Misc. (Warton Club) 63 Awyse the welle who syttys the 
by, Lest he wylle report thi talle, And dyssclaundure the 
after to gret and smalle. 1530 PAtsGR. 513/2, I desclaunder, 
1 hurte or hynder ones good name by reporte. i 

2. To bring into public disgrace or opprobrium ; 
to bring scandal upon. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. 1031 Dido, We that weryn in 
prosperite Been now discland s © 1430 Lype. Alin. 
Poems (Percy Soc.) 143 Now as ye seen, for disobedience 


P of action 


418 


Disclaundrid is tually my name. @ 1483 Liber Niger 
in Househ, Ord. 1790) 70 t the owner be not hurte, nor 
this fi courte di deryd by any age of crav- 
inge or crakyng. 


+ Discla‘nderer. O/s. 


[f. prec. +-ER}.] A 
slanderer. 


Festivall (W. de W. 1515 b, To stone by to 
deth as for a dyssclaunderer. bs Pon 
+ Discla‘nderous, a. Olds. [f. DischanpER 


sb. + -0U8.] Slanderous. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. |xv. 44 In this whyle, by styr- 
ynge of disclaunderous & deuylysshe — ‘* pte e 
was arreryd attweene the kynge and a Duke of his jlande. 
Jbid, vu. ccxxviii. 258 Of this duke Wyllyam some des- 
claunderous wordes are lefte in memory. 

Disclare, obs. var. of Dectare [cf. OF. des- 
clatrier]. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1.75 He suld that arbytre disclar, Off 
thir twa that I tauld off ar. 

Disclass (diskla‘s), v. [f. Dis- 7 ¢ + Crass sd.] 
trans. =DECLASS; to remove or cut off from one’s 
class. Hence Disclassed f//. a. 

1890 Times 31 = 9/1 Worked by a Union largely com- 
posed of the broken-down, disclassed waifs and strays who 
gravitate to the dock-gates in search of casual employment. 

classify (diskle'sifai), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Cuassiry.] /¢rans. To undo the classification of. 

a 1866 J. Grote Exam, Utilit, Philos. xx. (1870) 336 The 
process of levelling, disclassifying, making everybody like 
everybody else. 

Discless: see DISKLESS. 

+ Discloa’k, v. Ods. Also 7 discloke. [f. 
D.s- 6 or 7a + Cioak.] ¢rans. To take off the 
cloak of ; to unrobe. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. i. v, Now goe in, dis- 
cloke yourselfe. 1616 — Devil an Ass 1. vi, If you interrupt 
me, Sir, I shall discloak you, 1627-77 Fecrnam Resolves 
a ‘R.), That feins what was not, and discloaks a soul. 

+ Disclo'g, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Cioe v.] 
trans. To free from that which clogs; to unclog. 

161 Coryat Crudities 234 They shall make a restitution 
of all their ill gotten goods, and so disclogge their soules 
and consciences. 

Discloister (diskloi‘sta1),v. [f. Dis- 6 or 7¢ 
+ CLoIsrER.] ¢rans. To turn or let out of a 
cloister ; to release or remove from seclusion. 

1660 Howett Parly of Beasts 134 They [nuns] fell a 
murmuring .. and to think too often on man with inordinat 
desires obs discloysterd. 188x Patcrave Visions Eng. 282 
A girl by lustful war and shame Discloistered from her home. 

Disclosal (disklo«-zal). rare. [f. DiscLose 
v. + -AL.) The act of disclosing, disclosure. 

1795 COLERIDGE Conciones ad Populum 54 In the disclosal 
of Opinion, it is our duty to consider the character of those, 
to whom we address ourselves, 

+ Disclose, 54. Ods. [f. Discuosr z.: cf. 
CLosE 56.4] Theact of disclosing; = DiscLosuRE 
(in various senses). 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 73 Wolde God .. soch a person .. 
had openly publyshed the worthy disclose and disprove of 
the unsufferable abhomination of the popyshe private 
pryvye masse. 1602 Suaks. //am. 11. i. 174 There's some- 
thing in his soule, O’re which his Melancholly sits on brood, 
And, I do doubt the hatch, and the disclose Will be some 
danger. 1622 WitHer Mistr. Philar, Wks. (1633) 623 They 
{those lips] are like in their discloses To the ee 
roses. 1625 W. B. True School War 42 It is an Embryo 
that..waites the good houre for the disclose and deliuery. 
1742 Younc N¢. 74. ix. 1576 Glasses .. Haue they not led 
us deep in the disclose Of kne-spen nature, 

+ Disclose, 7//. a. Obs. Also 4 desclos. [a. 
OF. desclos, pa. pple. of desclore to disclose :—Ro- 
manic (and med.L.) dsclaus-us, pa. pple. of diés- 
claudére; see DiscLose v.] Disclosed ; unclosed ; 


let out. In quots., used as tse pple. 
1393 Gower Conf. 1. 285 For drede it shulde be disclose 
And come unto her faders ere. /d/d. 11. 354 A maiden, 


which was... kept so clos, That selden was, w she desclos 
Goth with her moder for to play. : 

Disclose (disklés:z), v. [ME. des-, dis-closen, 
a. OF. desclos- pres. stem (pres. subj. desclose) of 
desclore, -clorre to unclose, open, free =Pr. des- 
claure:—Romanic (and med.L.) désclaudére, f, Dis- 
4 + L. claudére to close, shut.] 

+1. trans, To open up (that which is closed or 
shut); to unclose, unfold ; to unfasten. Ods. sel pe 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 3632 Pire Olifantis. .disclosid pai 
chaviles, ¢ 1420 Pela an Hash u. 331 Almoundes me 
may make, .her shelles to disclose. 1577 B. Gooce /eres- 
bach's Hush, 11. (1586) 67 b, It [a rosebud] discloseth it 
selfe and spreadeth abroad. 1596 Srenser /, Q. 1V. v. 16 
Full oft about her wast she it enclos’d, And it as oft was 
from about her wast disclos’d. 1596 B. Grirrin Fidessa 
(1876) 31 Armes still imbrace and neuer be disclosed. ¢1' 
Suaxs, Sonn. liv, The perfumed tincture of the Roses .. 
When Sommers breath their masked buds discloses. 

+b. To hatch (an egg). Cf. 3b. Ods. 

@ 1626 Bacon (J.), It is reported by the ancients, that the 
ostrich layeth her eggs under the sand, where the heat of 
the sun discloseth them, 

2. intr. (for refl.) To unclose or unfold itself by 
the falling asunder of ; to open. 

159% gatos Art Warteun Whistt upon occasion dis- 
closing again may let out the shot. 1706 Puiturs (ed. 
arog To Disclose..to bud, blow, or put out Leaves. 
1626 ‘I’. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 166 If the hen brood not 
her eggs, she hath no desire to make them disclose. a 
| Ng Summer 1138 Over head a sheet Of livid 

e discloses wide, then shuts And opens wider, 


——> 7 


r 3 262 As she, that was with thaire 
enc And might of no man be desclosed. 1530 Patscr. 
518/1, I disclose, I uncover a thing that is hydde.. This 
treasure never be disclosed for me. 16zx Biste /sa. 
xxvi. 21 The earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall 
no more couer her slain. “Tate & Bravy Ps. ¢vi. 9 
‘The parting Deep disclos'd her Sand. 1795 Sourney Foan 
of Arc x. 197 Ay phen ewe or oa 
7 ere peers 65 — ee out his milk- 
white palm Disclosed a fruit of pure Hesperian gold. 1838 
Lytton Lez/a 1. iv, Her full rich lips disclosed teeth, that 
— have shamed the pearl. . 

. To uncover or set free (a young bird, etc.) 
from the egg ; to hatch ; also fig. to ‘ hatch’ (mis- 
chief), Rarely, to exclude or lay (eggs). 

1486 Bk, St. Albans Aija, Now to speke of hawkys. first 
thay been Egges. and afterwarde they bene disclosed 
hawkys. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. v. i. 310 Anon as patient as 
the female Doue, When that her golden Cuplet are dis- 
clos’d. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. lv. (1612) 245 Papists 
heere, forren and ee ‘oes, Did mischiefes that 
imported more our practiz’d State disclose. H. Cocas 
tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxx. 122 They leave the there till 
they think the young ones are disclosed. DryDen 


Virg. Georg. 11. 633 Snakes, familiar, to the Hearth succeed, 
Disclose their Eggs, and near the Chimney breed. 1 


797 
Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 322 Forcing E, to disclose 
their Young by the artificial Heat of an Oven. 1816-26 
Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) 11. 18 As soon as one of these 
yours caterpillars is disclosed from the egg it begins to 


+ 4. To open up to one’s own knowledge, to dis- 
cover. Obs. 

c 1450 Crt. of Love 112 Many a thousand other bright of 
face: But what they were, I coud not well disclose. 
Sanoys Europe Spec. (1632) 168 He was disclosed an 
ceased [=seized] on by his Master. c16xx Cuarman /liad 
xx1. 467 Old Priam in his sacred tow’r stood, and the flight 
disclos'd On his forc’d people, all in rout. 

5. To open up to the knowledge of others; to 
make openly known, reveal, declare (secrets, pur- 
poses, beliefs, etc.). . 

1393 Gower Con/. II. 277, I dare min herte well disclose. 
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxix. bats Soc.) 142 They are 
not all disposed So for to do as ye have here disclosed. 

T. Witson Logtke (1580) 77 b, If you will promise me 
to kepe that close, whiche I shall disclose unto you. 1g§6r 
T. Norton Calvin's Jnst. 1. 22 The faithful should not 
admit him [God] to be any other than such as he had dis- 
closed himself by his word. x60x Suaxs. Pud. C. 1. i. 298 


Tell me your Counsels, I will not disclose ‘em. i Dry- 
pen Virg. Georg. 1v. 6 Their Arms, their Arts, their Manners 
I disclose. 17; Pore Rafe Lock u.9 Her lively looks 


a sprightly mind disclose. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 44 As 
for disclosing the Secret, it is what I never can do. 
Green Short Hist. iii. § 2. 121 The great league which J n 
had so long matured at last disclosed itself. did. vil. § 7. 
413 The strange civilization of Mexico and Peru disclosed 
by Cortez and Pizarro. 1876 Moztry Univ. Serm. iii. 64 
The modest light of faith discloses a real future life. 

+b. intr. (for ref.) To show itself, to come to 
light. Ods. 

1494 Fanyan Chron. vit. 349 The displeasure atwene the 
Kynge & his barons began to appere and disclose. 1627-77 
Fevtuam Resolves 1. xii. 18 Vices..which I can see, 
they do disclose in them. 1746-7 [see Disctosine f//. a.). 

Hence Disclo'sed ff/.a. a. In senses of the vb. 

[see Disctose v. 3b). Bacon Adv. Learn. u. 
xvii. § 5. 62 Another diuersitie of Methode there is .. and 
that is Enigmaticall and Disclosed. 1891 Echo 7 Dec. 2/7 
The defendant. .pleaded that he was only an agent for a 
disclosed principal. 
b. Her.: see quots. 

1864 Boutett /eraldry Hist. & Pop. x. 64 The ex- 
panded wings .. of all birds that are not Birds of Prey, are 
disclosed. 1882 Cussans //er, vi. 91 The most common 
attitude in which the Eagle appears in Heraldry, is Dis- 
played. This term is peculiar to Birds of Prey; when 
other Birds (such as the Dove) are —— with their 
wings ex! .. they are said to be Di 

Discloser (diskléw-z01). [f. prec.+-ER1.] One 
who or that which discloses or reveals. 
ane, J. Sanrorp tr. Agrippa’s Van. Artes 138 b, In all 

ishonestie that men shall commytte I will that thou be 
their judge and discloser, 1608-11 Br. Hart Medit. § 
Vows u. 1 will not long after .. secrets, least I should 
ae os selfe, and zealous feare to the dis- 

in T. 


closer. 1 ROWNE Pseud. Ep. wt, xxvii. (1658) 226 
That occular Philosopher, and singular discloser of truth, 
Dr. Harvey. 1894 Columbus (Ohio) Distatch 13 Oct. 9/4 


The policeman's mace is a veritable mind discloser. 
Disclosing (disklouzin), v0/. sb, [f. as prec. 
+ -1ne 1.) e action of the verb DiscLosE: a. 


Opening up, revelation, bringing to light; disclosure. 
b. Hatching. Also attrib. 

1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. cexxii. 245 The forenamed .ii. 
erles were warned of disclosynge of this matyer. — 
(title), Yet a course at the Rom Foxe. A 
or openynge of the manne of synne. 1586 J. Hooker 
Girald. Irel. in Holinshed V1. 21/1 The king .. being in 
loue with the falcon, did yearelie at the Insedings and dis- 
closing time send thither for them. 1605 Bacon Adv. 
Learn, it. v. § 3. 22 Being of so excellent use for the dis- 
closing of nature. 1626 — Sylva § 7. Distance ,. 
betweene the Layed aot the D or Hatching. 

| predicatively for ‘ in or a disclosing’ =‘ in pro- 
cess of disclosure’, ‘a-hatching’: thus simulating 
a neuter-passive dy} OF ties verb. oo tes prepa : a 

1 Luo Fat ua ml. you that 
What prodigy of horror is disclosing To render murther 


DISCLOSING. » 


isclo’sing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -INc 2.] 
That discloses or opens up: see the verb, 

1730-46 Tuomson Autumn 1358 Through the disclosin 
deep Light my blind way. 1746-7 Hervey Aedit. (1818 
147 Like these disclosing gems under the powerful eye of 
day, 1892 Pall Mall G, 27 Apr. 1/2 The forcible and dis- 
closing coincidence to which we referred at the outset. 

Disclosure (disklawzits). [f. Discrose v. + 
-URB, after CLOSURE.] 

1. The action of disclosing or opening up to view; 
revelation; discovery, exposure; an instance of this. 

a@1598 in Hakluyt Voy. I. 271 (R.) Whereas by the voyage 
of our subjects .. towards the discouerie and disclosure of 
vnknown places. @ 1626 Bacon (J.\, She was, upon a sudden 
mutability and disclosure of the king’s mind, severely 
handled. 1665 BoyLe Occas. Ref. § 3 (R.) An unseasonable 
disclosure of flashes of wit. 1802 Parry Nat. Theol. xxvii. 
(1819) 479 We may well leave to Revelation the disclosure 
of many particulars which our researches cannot reach. 
1844 THirLWwALt Greece VIII. Ixiii. 215 A public disclosure 
of his motives. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. $ 1. 448 The 
disclosure of the stores of Greek literature had wrought the 
revolution of the Re 1ce. 

b. The hatching of young from the egg; the 
liberation of an insect from the pupa state. 

Be. Hatt Chr. Moder. (Ward) 9/1, I have observed 
that the small and scarce sensible seed which it [the silk- 
worm] casts comes not to life and disclosure until the mul- 
berry .. yields her leaf. 1826 Kirsy & Sp. £xfomol. III. 
xxxil. 345 Immediately after the disclosure of the insect 
from the pupa. 

+2. The opening of a river into sea or lake; the 
embouchure or mouth. Ods. rare. 

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 328 The disclosure 
of this River frames a square harbour. 

3. That which is disclosed ; a revelation. 

1825 J. Neat Bro. Yonathan U1. 246 Preparing him for 
the disclosure. 1855 Prescotr PAslip 7, 1. 1. ili. 354 Put 
to the rack .. to draw from him disclosures to the prejudice 
of Egmont. 1878 Brownixc La Sazsiaz 6 Earth’s most 
exquisite disclosure heaven's own God in evidence. 

+ Disclo‘the, v. Ods.  [f. D1s- 6 + CLoruev.] 
trans. To strip of clothing, unclothe, undress. 

1563-87 Foxe A. §& M. (1684) III. 570 Being dis-cloathed 
to their Shirts. 1596 R. L{tncne] Dee/la (1877) 69 Hee.. 
straight disclothes him of his long-worne weed. 
-Discloud (disklaud), v. [f. Dis- 7a+Cioup 
sb.] trans. To free or clear from clouds; to free 
from gloom or obscurity; to reveal, disclose. 

1600 Tourneur 7vansf. Metam. Author to Bk., For ’tis 
the haire of crime To shunne the breath that doth discloude 
it [=its] sinne. 1615 J. SterHEns Satyr. Ess. 50 To dis- 
cloud Your vertues lost in the confused crowd Of headstrong 
rumor. 1 Futter Holy & Prof. St. Pref. § 6 That God 
would be pleased to discloud these gloomy dayes with the 
beames of his mercie. 1650 — Pisgah ‘lo Rdr., Are these 
gloomy days already disclouded? 

Hence Disclou'ded ///. a. 

1615 J. Srernens Satyr. Ess. 133 A rejoycing heart, an 
apprehensive head, and a disclouded fancy. 1889 Univ. 
Rev. Sept. 41 My lord Shone in his harness for a passing 
while An orb disclouded. 
+Disclou't, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. Dts- 7a + 
Ciout sé.] trans, To take out of a clout. 

z Be. Hatt Sa’. 1. iii. 34 Tho must he buy his 
vainer hope with price, Disclout his crownes, and thank 
him for advice. 

+Disclow'n, v. Obs. rare--°. [f. Dis- 7b + 
Crown s6.] ¢rans. To divest of the character or 
condition of a clown. 

-1659 TorRIANo, Sp/edidto, disclouned, become from a base 
plebeian to be a Gentleman. 


+ Disclu'de, v. Oés. [In form a. L. discliia-tre 
to shut up apart or separately; but in sense con- 
formed to DisciosE.] ‘trans. To disclose. 

_¢%420 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 84 Then his magnitude By 
brekyng of this potte me may disclude. 

+Bisclu‘sion. 0s. rare. [In form ad. L, 
discliision-em, n. of action from déscliidére to sepa- 
rate by shutting up apart; but in H. More app. 
influenced in sense by DiscLosE v.] ‘ Emission’. 
(So J., but the sense is obscure.) 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Disclusion, a shutting out. a 
separation. 1 H. More /mmort. Soul (1662) 73 The 
composition of them and disclusion and various disposal of 
them. 1668 — Diz. Dial. 1. v. (1713) 99 That the con- 
tinued Shadow of the Earth should be broken by sudden 
miraculous eruptions or disclusions of light. 

Disco- (disko), combining form of Gr. dicxos 
quoit, Disk, occurring in numerous scientific terms ; 
as Discobla‘stic a. Embryol. |Gr. BAacrés germ], 
(of an oyum), having discoidal segmentation of the 
formative yolk (Syd. Soc. Lex.): Discomo'rula, 
Embryol., the morula or ‘ mulberry-mass’ resulting 
from the partial and discoidal segmentation of the 
formative yolk of a meroblastic egg: it develops 
from earlier stages called Discomone‘rula and 
Discocy’tula, and proceeds to develop into the 
forms called Discobla‘stula and Discoga’strula: 
see quots. and Cyruna, etc. Ditscocarp Dor. 
[ad. mod.L. déscocarpium, £. Gr. xaprés fruit), 
(a) a fruit consisting of a number of achenes 
within a hollow receptacle, as in the rose; 
(6) the disk-like hymenium or fructification of 
discomycetous fungi and gymnocarpous lichens ; 
hence Discoca‘rpous a., relating to, or having,:a 


419- 


discocarp. Discoce'phalous a. Zool. (Gr. kepary 
head], belonging to the suborder Drscocephali of 
fishes, having a sucking-disk on the head. Disco- 
da‘ctyl(e, Discoda‘ctylous adj. Zool. [Gr. 5ax- 
tvdos finger], having toes dilated at the end so as 
to form a disk, as a tree-frog. Discoglossid a. 
and sb. Zool. (Gr. yA@ooa tongue], belonging to, 
or a member of, the family Descoglosside of toad- 
like batrachians; also Discoglossoid a. Disco- 
hexa‘ster Zoo/., in sponges, a six-rayed spicule 
(I1EXASTER) with the rays ending in disks. Dis- 
comedu‘san a. and sb. Zool., belonging to, or a 
member of, the order Déescomeduse of acalephs or 
jelly-fishes, having an umbrellar disk ; also Disco- 
medu'soid @ Discomyce'tous a. Sol., be- 
longing to the order Descomycetes of Fungi, having 
a disk-shaped hymenium or dzscocarp. Discopla- 
ce‘ntal, Discoplacenta‘lian ad/s. Zool., belonging 
tothe section D¢scop/acentalia of mammals, having 
a disk-shaped placenta, || Discopo‘dium Sot., 
‘the foot or stalk on which some kinds of disks 
are elevated’ (77cas. Bot, 1866), Disco:podous 
a. Zool., having the foot shaped as a disk; be- 
longing to the section 7scopoda of Gastropods. 
Discosto‘matous a. Zoo/. |Gr. orépa mouth], 
pertaining to or belonging to the class Descostomata 
of Protozoa (in Saville Kent’s system), containing 
the sponges and collar-bearing monads. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Discoblas'ula, Hickel's term for 
the small fluid-containing cavity lying between the disco- 
morula and the nutritive yolk of a meroblastic ovum, /di., 
*Discocarp, a collection of fruits in a hollow receptacle, 
as in the rose. [1866 77eas. Bot., Discocarpium.) 1887 
Garnsey & Batrour tr. De Bary’s Fungi v. 198 Of gymno- 
carpous and *discocarpous forms. 1883 Sy. Soc. Lex., 
*Discogastrula, Hackel’s term for that form of gastrula 
which develops from a disc situated on a mass of food yolk, 
as in Ganoid fishes, 1888 Atheneum 3 Mar. 279/2. Evi- 
dence of the pelobatoid rather than the *discoglossid af- 
finities of the .. genus. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Discomorula, 
Hiickel’s term for the disc of cells which, during the seg- 
mentation of the impregnated meroblastic ovum, covers 
the nutritive vitellus as with a hood. 1879 tr. //aeckel’s 
Evol, Man I. xix. 168 All other *Discoplacental Animals. 
1881 S/andard 23 June 5/2 The *discoplacentalian mammals. 

Discoa‘ch, v.: see Dis- 7c. 

+ Discoa‘gulate, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Coacu- 
LATE v.] ¢rans. To undo the coagulation of; to 
dissolve. 

1683 Pettus Fleta Min, 1. 5 This Salt .. having a nature 


to discoagulate Metals. 

+ Discoarst, v. Oss. Also 7 discost. [f, D1s- 
6 + Coast v.] 

1. intr. To withdraw from the coast or side. 

1598 Stow Axm., Q. Eliz. an. 1588 (R.) The Spanish nauie 
for six days space. .coasting and discoasting from England 
to the coast of Fraunce, and from thence to England, 
and thence to Fraunce agayne. ; 

2. fig. To withdraw, depart: the opposite of 
Coast v. 8, to approach. 

@ 1677 Barrow Ser, (1683) I, xx. 280 Do we not sometimes 
grievously reproach them. . for discosting from our practice? 
Tid. VW. xxii, 34x Never willingly to discost from truth 
and equity. i 

Hence + Discoa‘sted £//. a., withdrawn from ccn- 
tiguity, removed, distant. (=F. éloigné.) Obs. 

1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict. w.119 As far as heaven 
and earth discoasted lie. 1622 H. Sypennam Seri. Sol. 
Occ. 1. (1637) 67 His will. .as farre discoasted from tyranny, 
as injustice. 1625 Liste Du Bartas 119 It is discoasted 
further from the plain of Sennaar. a 1677 Barrow Serv. 
(1683) II. xvi. 232 To settle himself in, or to draw others to, 
a full persuasion. .discosted from truth, 

Discoblastic, -blastula : see Disco-. 

Discobole. Zo0/. [a.mod.F.déscobole (Cuvier), 
in pl. discoboles, ad. mod.L. dtscoboli (pl. of 
Discopotus: see below).] A fish of the group 
Discobol’, in Giinther’s system, a family of Acan- 
thopterygii gobiiformes, having the ventral fins 
formed into a disk or sucker. 

Discobolic (diskobp‘lik), a. rare. [f. L. dis- 
cobol-us (see next) + -10.] Pertaining to a disco- 
bolus or quoit-thrower; quoit-throwing. 

1822 T. L. Peacock Maid Marian v. 202 His discobolic 
exploit proved the climax of his rage. : 

|| Discobolus (diskp-bélas). Class. Antig. Also 
erron, -bulus. [L., a. Gr. deaxoBddos discus- 
thrower, f. dicxos disk, discus + -BoAos -throwing, 
-thrower, f. ablaut-grade of BadAev to throw.] A 
thrower of the Discus; an ancient statue repre- 
senting a man in the act of throwing the discus. 

1727 Arsutunot & Pore Martin. Scriblerns 1, vi, The 
Discoboli..were naked to the middle only. 1851 J. Grsson 
in Eastlake Life (1857) 185 (Stanf.) In the same room is the 
Discobulus of Myron, in the act of throwing, his discus. 
1877 Wraxet Hugo's * Miserables’ 11. cxxx. 28 Vejanus 
the discobolus lives again in the rope-dancer Forioso. 

Discocarp, Discocephalous, etc. : see Disco-. 

+Disco'gnisance. és. rare—'.  [a. OF. 
descognesance, -oissance ignorance (13th c. in 
Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + cognoissance knowledge, 
CoenizAnce.] Non-recognition. 

©1477 Caxton Fasor 33 b, Put.not ye your [error for the] 


DISCOLORIZATION, 


herte in discognysaunce by the whiche your noble royaume 
is put in pees [/7, ne mettez le cueur en descognoissance]. 

+ Discohe‘rent, a. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 + Co- 
HERENT.] Without coherence ; incoherent, incon- 
gruous. So +Discohe'rence Ods., want of coher- 
ence or agreement ; incoherence, incongruity. 

a 1600 Hooker Serm, iii. Wks. 1845 II. 730 An opinion 
of discoherence. . between the justice of God and the state 
of men in this world. 1675 J. Smitu Chr. Nelig. Appeal 1. 
32 They .. made the parts so incongruous, discoherent, in- 
consequent, nay, contradictory to one another. 

Discohexaster: see Disco-. 

Liscoid (di:skoid), a. and sé. [ad. L. d¢scotdés, 
a. Gr. d:cxoeéns quoit-shaped, f. dicxos Discux, 
quoit + -e5ns -form. In mod.F. discorde.] 


- adj. 

1. Of the form of a quoit or disk, disk-shaped ; 
(more or less) flat and circular; in Conchol., used 
of spiral shells of which the whorls lie in one plane, 

1830 Linptey Nat, Syst. Bot. 101 Stigmas .. discoid and 
4-lobed. 1849 Murcuison Séduria ix. 197 Discoid and 
angular univalves, 1854 Jones & Sirv. Pathol. Anat. 
(1874) 7 The red corpuscles are round discoid bodies, with 
two concave surfaces. 

2. Bot. Of composite flowers: Having or con- 
sisting of, a disk only, with no ray, as in Tansy. 

1794 Martyn Rousseanu's Bot. x. 102 Ray called them 
discoid flowers [Déscoidez], 1857 Henrrey Bot, § 131 Some 
pitula are wholly disccid, such as those of Groundsel, of 
Thistles, etc. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 184 Flowers all 
tubular (head discoid). 

B. sé. A body resembling a disk in shape. b. 
Conchol, See quot. 1846 and cf. A, I. 

1828 Weaster, Discoid, something in form of a discus or 
disk. 1846 Worcester, D/scoid (Conch.), a univalve shell 
of which the whorls are disposed vertically on the same 
plane so as to form a disk. 

Discoidal (diskoi-dal), a. 
= DIscorp. 

Discoidal segmentation of an ovum (Embryol.): segmen- 
tation producing or resulting in a disk-shaped mass of cells. 

1706 [see Discous]. 1819 G. SAMOUELI *ntomol. Com- 
pend. 148 Elytra..with some impressed discoidal punctures. 
1854 Woopwarp Mollusca iv. (1856) 41 ‘The discoidal 
planorbis sometimes becomes perforated by the removal of 
its inner whirls. 1869 Huxtey PAys. iii. 67 By adding dense 
and weak solutions alternately, the [blood] corpuscles may 
be made to become successively spheroidal and discoidal. 

Discolith (diskolip). Azo/. [f. Disco- + -L1tH.] 
A kind of coccolith of the form of a flattened disk. 
(Cf. CYATHOLITH. ) 

1875 Carpenter Microsc. & Rev. § 367 Two distinct types 
are recognizable among the Coccoliths, which Prof. Huxley 
has designated respectively discoliths and cyatholiths. 1883 
J. H. Wricut Sct. Dogmatism 8 This jelly [Bathybius] .. 
forming deposits thirty feet thick, with. imbedded granules, 
coccoliths, discoliths [etc.]. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Discolith, 
flattened or concavo-convex circular coccoliths found in the 
ooze brought up in deep-sea dredgings. 

Discolor (di'skvla1, -kyld1), a. Nat. Hist. [a, 
L. discolor, discolor-us not the same colour, varic- 
gated, f. d7s-, Dis- 1 + color CoLour; the opposite 
of concolor. Cf. F. discolore in same sense.]} 

a. Of different colours ; having one part of one 
colour and another of another. b. Of a different 
colour from some other (adjacent) part or organ. 

1866 in 77as. Bot. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Discolor, v.: see DIscoLour. 

Biscolorate (diskz:ler-, -kplorét), a. [ad. 
med.L. discolordat-us, pa. pple. of discolorare (Du 
Cange) to Discotour; cf. OF. descoloré (Godef.).] 
Discoloured ; of different colours. 

In recent Dicts. : 

Discolorate (diskv'lore't), v. rare. Also 7 
discolourate. [f. med.L. dzsco/drat-, ppl. stem f. 
discolorare: see prec.] trans. =DISCOLOUR v. I. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. P 234 [It] doth variously affect and 
perturb the bloud, and discolorate it. 1655 FuLLER CA. 
Hist. ut. vi. § 31 The Clergie complained, that .. the least 
mixture of Civil concernment in Religious matters so dis- 
colourated the Christian candor and purity thereof, that 
[etc]. 1871 R. Exuis Catudlus xi. 7 Fields the rich Nile 
discolorates, a seven-fold River abounding, ; 

Discoloration, discolouration (diskvlar-, 
-kploréifan). [n. of action f. DiscoLoratE v.: cf. 
OF. discoloracion (1495 in Godef.).] The action 
of discolouring, or condition of being discoloured ; 
alteration or loss of colour; discolourment. 

1642 H. More /wzmort. Soul i. ii. 36 Pure light without 
discolouration. 1763 W. Lewts Commerc. Phil. Techn. 38 
‘There is no other metallic body, so little susceptible of 
tarnish or discoloration. ¢1870 J. G. Murpny Comm, Lev. 
xiii. 49 The sources of discoloration or decay in woven or 
leather fabrics. 1892 STEVENSON Across the Plains 44 With 
none of the litter and discoloration of human life. 

b. concer, A discoloured formation, marking, or 
patch ; a stain. 

1684 Boyt Porousn. Anim. § Solid Bod. iii. 17 Black 
and blew Discolorations of the skin, that happen upon some 
..contusions. 1842 PricHarp Nat, Hist. Man 89 Brown 
discolorations are often found. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. 
Sea xviii. § 747 These discolourations are no doubt caused 
by organisms of the sea, ° 

Discoloriza‘tion. rare. [f. *discolorize (f. 
Dis- 6 + CoLorizk) + -ATION: cf. colorization.] = 
DISCOLORATION, DISCOLOURMENT. 

185r CARLYLE Séerding I. iii. (1871) 17 The a of the 

3*-2 


[f. as prec. + -aL..] 


“DISCOLOROUS. 


hy ee a ees 


;t of time on all the walls. 1893 
Daily News 21 Feb, 3/3 The discolourization and close tex- 
ture which was teristic of the bread. 


Discolorous (diskw loras, -kp‘léras), a, [f. L. 
discolor, discolor-us (see above) + -ous.] =Dis- 
COLOR a. 

1882 LEncycl. Brit. XIV. 554 (Lichens) Usually they 
{apothecia] are discolorous, and may -be black, cen. 
yellowish, or also less frequently rose-coloured, rusty- 
red, orange-reddish, saffron, or of various intermediate 
shades, 

Discolour, discolor (disky1lo1),v. [In senses 
1, 2, ad. OF. descolorer, -coulourer, in 11th c. des- 
culurer = Pr. and Sp. descolorar, It. and med.L. 
discolorare, Romanic deriv. f. des-, d#s- (D1s- 4) + 
L. colordre to colour, taking the place of L. déco- 
lorare: see DE- pref. 1.6, and cf. DEcoLouR v. In 
sense 3, from L. discolor adj.: see DiscoLor.] 

1. “rans. To alterthe proper or natural colour of; 
esp. to make of a duller, less pleasing, dingy, or 
unnatural colour; to spoil the colour of, stain, 
tarnish. (Sometimes sfcc. To deprive of colour, 
render pale or faded.) 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1079 Ac ys Fysage al discolourid was, 
for is blod was gon away. 1382 Wycur Song Sol. i. 5 
Wileth not beholden, that I be broun, for discoloured me 
hath the sunne. x Caxton Chivalry 6 By the penaunce 
that he dayly made he was moche discolourd and lene. 
1599 Suaks. //en. V, ut. vi. 171 If we be hindred, We shall 
your tawnie ground with your red blood Discolour. 164; 
CLARENDON Contempl. Ps. Vracts (1727) 466 Herbs, witch 
.-the first frost nips and discolours. 1794 Suttivan View 
Nat. 1. 220 The sulphurous acid in the mephitic waters, 
which have the property of discolouring silver. 1842-5 
Browninc The Glove Wks. 1889 V. 42 Does the mark yet 
discolour my cheek? 1880 Geix1e PAys. Geog. iv. 289 After 
heavy rain even the clearest brook has its water discoloured 
by the earth it is carrying down, 

b. fig. 

31599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1, iv. 189 Ingrain'’d Habits, 
died with often dips, Are not so soone discoloured. 1626 
‘T. H{awxiys] Caussin's Holy Crt. 53 Frivolous employ- 
ments .. discolour the lustre, and honour of your name. 
a1748 Watts (J.), Lest some beloved notion .. so prevail 
over your mind as to discolour all your ideas. 188 STE- 
veNsON Virg. Puerisgue 16 Some whimsy in the brain .. 
which discoloured all experience to its own shade, 

2. intr. (for ref.) To become discoloured or 
pale ; to lose or change colour. (Also fig.) 

(1555-1598 See below, Discotourtnc.] 1641 J. SHuTE 
Sarah & Hagar (1649) 29 Those .. that, having had good 
education and great estates left, discolour from the one and 
dissipate the other, 1654 WuiTLock Zoofomia 187 Such 
like Imputations, seemingly black and dark, will discolour 
into Encomiums, 1883 Hardwick's Photogr. Chem. (ed. 
Taylor) 287 This Nitrate of Silver must.,be very pure, else 
the developer will soon discolour. 

+3. ¢rans. To render of different colours; to 
adorn with various colours, to variegate, (Cf. 
DIScoLouRED 3.) Ods. 

1656 Biounr Glossogr., Discolor ..to make of divers 
colours. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 129 High 
‘Towers. .leaded in some part, in other part discoloured with 
gold and blue. : 

+b. To render different in colour. Ods. rare. 

@ 1661 FULLER Worthies (1840) III. 88 Thereby it is dis- 
coloured from ox-beef that the buyer be not deceived, 

Hence Disco'louring vé/. sb. and ffi. a. 

1555 Even Decades 310 These colours .. from whyte 
they go to yelowe by discolourynge to browne and redde. 
1598 I’Lorio, Scoloramento, a discolouring, a growing pale 
or sallowe. @1657 Lovetacr Poems (1864) 161 Not that 
you feared the discolo’ring cold Might alchymize their silver 
into gold. 1 J. Smitu Eng, linprov. Reviv'd 197 It .. 
clears the..skin from spots and discolourings. 1741 Monro 
Anat, (ed. 3) 291 Swelling, Discolouring, or other Mark of 
Bruise. 875 tr. Vogel's Chem. Light i. 3 This discolouring 
effect of light has been long turned to practical use in the 
bleaching of linen. 

Discolour, discolor, 53. Now rave. [f. 
Dis- 9 + CoLoun 56., after DiscoLour v.] The 
state of being discoloured; loss or change of 
colour; discoloration, stain, 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix, viii. (1495) 868 Soden 
palenesse and dyscolour is a token of drede. 1664 Evecyn 
Sylva (1776) 459 The Jaundice in trees known by the Dis- 
colour of the leaves and buds, 1812 Examiner 7 Sept. 
563/2 The blue tinge of mildew.. will only tip with a slight 
discolour a part of the kernels. 1847 Busuneit Chr. Nurt. 
iv. (1861) 102 No moral discolor. 

Discoloured, -ored (disk laid), ppl. a. [f. 

roper or natural colour ; 


DIsco.our v. +-ED |] 

1. Altered from the 

deprived of colour, pale; changed to a duller, 
dingier, or unnatural colour; stained, tarnished, 
(Also Le) 

a, beak Conf. 111. 339 The discoloured pale hewe Is 


now me a ruddy cheke. 1422 tr, Secreta Secret., Priv. 
Priv. (E, E. T. S.) 234 Who-so hath the visage litill «and 
Streyte, yelowe and Giacolonssa he is ful malicious. 1593 
Suaks, Lucr. 708 With lank and jean discolour’d cheek, 1732 
Pore Ef. Cob) 34 All Manners take a tincture from our 
own; Or come discolour'd thro’ our Passions shown, 1840 


F. D, Bennerr Whaling Voy. 11. 112 The green, or dis- 
coloured, water which marks the extent of D’Agulhas 


nk. 
b, Her. (See quot.) 
1610 Guitum Heraldry im. xii. (1611) 123 Foure footed 
beasts, whether they be borne proper, or discoloured (that is 
to say varying from their naturall colour), : 


420 
+2. Without colours, divested of colours, Ods. 


nOnCE-USE, 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Amo. And have 
still in hat the former colours. Mer. You lie, sir, I have 
none: I have pulled them out, I meant to play discoloured. 

+3. Variously coloured; of different colours; 
variegated, particoloured. [from L. azscolor, dis- 
colorus.| Obs. 

147 Riptey Comp, Alch, 1. viii. in Ashm, (1652) 141 Wyth 
Flowers dyscoloryd bewtyosely to syght. 1595 SPENSER 
Epithal. 51 Diapred lyke the discolored mead. @ 1597 PEELE 
David & Bethsabe (1599) 8 May that sweet plain .. Be still 

ll'd with discolour'd flowers. . Brooke tr. 

Le Blanc’s Trav. 307 Beautifyed with columns of dis- 
colour’d marble. 

b. Differently coloured, the one from the other. 

1651 CLEVELAND Poems 25 Who askt the Banes ‘twixt these 
discolour'd Mates? 

Hence Disco‘louredness, the quality of being 
discoloured. 

1674 R. Goprrey /nj. § Ab. Physic 77 Losing that dis- 
colouredness which appeared in the Fever. 

Discolourment (diskyloimént). [f. Dis- 
COLOUR ¥. + -MENT.] The act of discolouring, or 
fact of being discoloured ; discoloration. 

1810 Bentuam Packing (1821) 176 A picture which cannot 
be charged with hostile distortion or discolourment. 18: 
J. R. Dantey /utrod. Beaum. & Fl. Wks. 1. 25 They ha 
not his imagination to throw its splendid discolourment over 
all realities. 1859 Tennent Ceylon IL. 1x. v. 490 Accidents 
.. involving the damage of the coffee by sca-water, or its 


discolourment by damp. 

Discombi'ne, v. vare. [D1s-6.] rans. To 
undo the combination of, to disjoin, disunite, (In 
quot. zxfr, for ref. To become disunited.) 

1888 A. S. Witson Lyric of Hopeless Love 1. 9 The parts 
can never discombine One essence which contain, 

Discomedusan: see D1sco-, 

+ Discomfect, f//. a., latinized by-form of D1s- 
COMFIT, discomfited. 

@ 1529 SKELTON Agst. Scottes 84 That late were discom- 
fect with battle marciall. 

Discomferd, obs. pa. pple. of Discomrort v. 

Disco-mfis, -fish, v. Sc. Forms: a. pfle. 
and fa. t, 5 discumfyst, 6 -fist, -feist, -comfeist, 
-fest, -confeist, 9 discomfisht. [A by-form of 
DiscomFit v., a. OF. desconfis- present stem of 
desconfire (pr. pple. desconfisant, pr. subj. -confise). 
In early use chiefly in pa. pple. and pa. t. déscum- 
fist (cf. F. pret. 27 desconfist); modern present 
tense discomfish, also SCOMFISH.] = DIScOMFIT v. 

c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 429 Ane that has discumfyst ws 
all. 1536 BeLLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) 1. p. xxvii, Discum- 
fist be thair ennimes. 1549 Comfd. Scot. ix. 77 Gedeon, vitht 
thre hundretht men, discumfeist ane hundretht and tuenty 
thousant. 1553 Douglas’ ‘eneis x. xiv. 24 Ane man was 
brocht to ground ‘And discomfest [MS. discumfyt] wyth sa 
grislie ane wound. 1570 /ragedie 264 in Satir. Poems 
Reform. (1890)90 Bot we the Langsyde hill befoir thame wan, 
And .. disconfeist thame. 1825-80 Jamieson, Discom/fisht, 
overcome, 1894 Literal 1 Dec. 72/1 Ye're a puir feckless 
fushionless discomfisht body. 


Discomfit (diskymfit), v. Forms: Pa. pfle. 
3 deskumfit, 4 desconfit, -cumfit(e, -coumfit, 
-confet, 4-6 discumfit, -fyt, -comfit, -fyt, -con- 
fit(e, dyscumfyt, 5 dis-, dyscounfite, -comfyd, 
-fid. Pres, 4 discounfit, dyscumfyte, 4-6 discon- 
fit(e, -fyte, discomfite, -fyte, 5 dyscowmfytyn, 
5-6 dyscomfyt, 5- discomfit (6 -feit). [ME. des- 
confit, -cum/fit, ete., a, OF . desconfit, -cunfit, -cum- 
fit (:—L. type *disconfectus), pa. i 98 of desconfire, 
mod.F. déconfire to discomfit:—late pop.L. dis- 
conficére (Du Cange), f. dis- +L, pel 5 58 to put 
together, frame, make ready, accomplish, complete, 
finish ; also, to finish up, destroy, consume; f. con- 
together + facére to do, put, In Romanic, con- 
Jicere, confectare, retained the constructive sense, 
as in F. confire, Sp. confettar, while disconficére, 
from Dis- 4, has that of ‘destroy, undo’ (so Pr, 
desconfir, \t. disconfiggere). The OF. desconfit was 
first taken into Eng. in its proper sense as a parti- 
ciple, and used to form a passive voice, as ‘he 
was desconfit’, i.e. completely undone ; whence it 
was subsequently taken as the stem of a verb, des- 
confit-en, The pa. pple. (and pa. t.) continued to 
be disconfit (also -confid) till end of 15th, and 
occasionally tiil end of 16th c., but déscom/fited from 
the verb is found from 15th, For the Sc. form, see 


rec. 

1. trans. To undo in battle; to defeat or over- 
throw completely ; to beat, to rout. 

@ 1225 Ancr, R, 250 Peo ne muwen beon deskumfit ne ouer- 
kumen, 0 none wise. a 1300 Cursor MM. 7799 yon Pai er 
discumfit [Gé¢#. scumphited] wit pair fas, geal es slan and 
ionathas. 1303 R. Brunne Hanadl, Synne 4986 Pey ordey- 
nede hem .. Ajens pe Phylystynes for to fs And hem dys- 
cumfyte slo. c¢x330 — Chron. Wace — 100. 
Schamely .. ar we desconfit! ax ‘oseph Arim. 61 An 
pei discounfitede him han and pets ul 1393 LancL. 
P. Pi.C. 1, 108 Pei were disconfit in bataille. ¢xg00 MAUNDEV, 
(Roxb) xiii. 55 Gedeon and ccc. men with him discoumfit 
three kynges. cx Promp. Parv. 122/1 mfytyn, 
confuto, supero, vine, ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5900 
pai wer all discomfyd. 1548 Hatt Chron, Z IV, 204d, 


Ss great 
Dowglas. 1678 Wan.ey Wond. Lit. World v. i. § 78. 466/2 
He went after to the Holy Land, where he Sov heod te 
Turks in three great 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt 1.305 Her 
[France’s] arms had been discomfited in every quarter. 
1852 Miss Yoncr Cameos II. ii. 20 ‘Come, and we shall dis- 
Tee ar Basch Niue Dias pats Wiese Wea ail; Sele 
ig. 1ccs New Disp, » 281 Farre «to di 
comfit, overcome, and on diseases. 

2. gen. a. To defeat or overthrow the plans or 
purposes of; to thwart, foil. b. To throw into 
perplexity, confusion, or dejection; to cast down 
= to disconcert. ¥ 

1 ARBOUR Bruce 111. 197 And fra the hart be discumfyt, 
‘The body is nocht worth a m 1400 Ywaine § Gaw. 1349 
A sari man than was Sir Kay .. Al descumfite he lay on 
grownde. 1530 Patsar. 518/r, I discomfyte, I put one out 
of comforte. ze desconfys. 1596 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 164 
Wel go with me, and be not so discomfited. 1639 FULLER 
Holy War .xvii.(1647)26 Many — stole away, whereat 
the rest were no whit Slecomted. 1660 Suarrock Vegetables 
149 Not impeded by those wants that usually discomfit 

rivate persons in such enquiries. 1848 Dickens Dombdey i, 

mbey was quite discomfited by the question. 3872 Biack 
Adv, Phacton ix. 132 Bell, i of past b lidi 
d rather di fited. 
+c. To frustrate or defeat of. Obs. rare. 

1548 Haut Chron., Hen. VJ (1809) 155 The Capitain dis- 
comfited of al releve and succour rendered the fortresse. 

Hence Disco'mfited f7/. a, ; Disco'mfiting vé/. 
sd., discomfiture. 

©1386 Cuaucer Ant.’s 7.1861 Ne ther was holden no dis- 
confitynge But as a Justes or a turneiynge. 1535 CovERDALE 
1 Macc. iv. 35 Lysias seynge the discomfetynge of his men 
and the manlynesse of the lewes. 1603 Kno.ies Hist. Turks 
(1638) 170 The rest of his discomfited army flying headlong 
back again to Constantinople. 1877 Mrs. Oxtpnant Makers 
Flor. 255 The sh d and di d amb dors ..went 
hastily away. 

+ Disco-mfit, s. Os. [f Discomritv.] The 
act of discomfiting, or fact of being discomfited ; 
undoing, defeat, rout, discomfiture. 

1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E.E T.S.) 216 The 
Sterrys makyth many mewyngys in the coragis of mene, and 
of that comyth .. victories, and dyscomfites. c 1425 Eng/, 
Cong. Irel. (E.E.T.S.) 30 The other weneden that thay 
rted yn dyscomfyte. 1593 Suaxs. 2 /en. V/, v. ii. 86 
ncureable discomfite Reignes in the hearts of all, 167% 
Mitton Samson 469 Dagon must stoop, and shall e’re long 
receive Such a discomfit, as shall quite despoil him Of 
these boasted Trophies won on me. Mepwin Angler 
in Wades 11. 314 *I'were slight to boast ‘Ihe foul discomfit 
of that felon-host, 

Discomfit, obs. pa. pple. of Discomrit 2, 

See in the verb. 

Disco'mfiter. Also 6 Sc. discomfatour. 
[In early use a. OF, desconfitour (in Godef.); in 
later, f. Discomrit v. + -ER'.] One who or that 


which discomfits. 

1528 Lynpesay Dreme 569 The Martyris war as nobyll 
stalwart Knychtis,—Discomfatouris of creuell battellis thre, 
The flesche, the warld, the feind. 1820 Mirman Fadl Yeru- 
salent (1821) 89 What birth So meet and —o great 
Discomfiter? 1886 Sat, Rev. 24 Apr. 571/1 discomfiter 


of Mr, Chamberlain. 
Discomfiture (diskz'mfitiiiz). Forms: 4 des- 
confiture, 5 -comfiture, 4- dis-. See also the 


shortened ScomriturnE. [a. OF. desconfiture rout, 
defeat (12th c, in Hatz~Darm.), F. déconfiture, = 
Pr. descofitura, Olt. sconfittura, med.L. disconfec- 
tira, {. disconficére to rout, overthrow (Du Cange) : 
see Discomrit and -uRE.] The action of discom- 
fiting, or fact of being discomfited. 

1, Complete defeat in battle, overthrow, rout. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 14212 Moddred ne 
myghte in bataille dure But euere was at desconfiture. ¢ 1400 
Maunpev. (Roxb.) xiii, 56 When he come fra pe descomfiture 
of his enmys. Caxton Faytes of A, 1, viii. 20 After the 
desconfiture Hanybal dyde doo serche the felde. 1560 Rot- 
LAND Crt. Venus 11. 234 Of Italie siclik disconfeitour, 1§91 
Snaxs. 1 Hen. V1,1. 1, 59 Sad tidings bring I..Of losse, of 

laughter, and di: fi 1777 Tso /1ist. Amer, 
(1778) II. v. 84 A few days after the discomfiture of Narvaez, 
a courier arrived. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 561 What 
army ¢ ded debating club ever escaped discom. 
fiture and disgrace ? : 

2. gen, a. Defeat, overthrow, or frustration of 
plans or hopes; utter disappointment. b. Com- 
plete disconcertment or putting to confusion. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Anel, § Arc. 326 For in this worlde nys 
Creature bt ag in moore discumfiture Pane I,  1§13 


in 
Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 2140 Yet after all heu 
penaunce, Fs F sin soy She reio: in soule. gan 


Contentm. x. v. 231 That accursed thing which has caused 
our discomfeiture. 1828 Life Planter Jamaica 79 To rely 


ises ., Id end regret ure, 
1885, Duncatsy in Masch. Brat, 23 Mar. 6/1 A ripple of 
langtet follows the discomfiture of his questioner, 
+ e. sical + say, or aye eo "ay 
: ts trie Di lu 
han ume een B ‘alle assault F'Rume. 


ComFort. a. OF, desconfort 


disheartening. Obs. F 
i375 Bannour Bruce xt. 488 Oftsiss of ane vord may riss 


DISCOMFORT. 


Discomfort and tynsall with-all. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace x. 
168 The tothir Scottis.. For disconford to leiff the feild was 
boun. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.) vi. xviii. 264/1 More 
dyscomforte it is to an oost yf they see theyr chefteyne flee 
.-.and more comfort to the enmyes. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V///, 
c. 20 §2 To the great discomforte and fere of your true 
officers. 155x CrowLey Pleas. § Payne 81 Wyth spytefull 
wordis of disconforte. 

+2. Absence or deprivation of comfort or glad- 
ness; desolation, distress, grief, sorrow, annoyance. 
Obs. (exc. as in 3). 

1382 Wycur Matt, xxiv. 15 The abhomynacioun of dis- 
comfort, that is seid of Danyel, the prophete. 1413 Pilgr. 
Sow/e \Caxton 1483) 1. iii. 4 This dell ers also bygan 
to cryen, wherof I was ful gretely annoyed and in ful hyghe 
discomfort. 1529 More Com. agst. Trib.1. Wks. 1144/1 So 
is the discomfort of that persone desperate, that desyreth 
not his owne coumforte. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's /1usb, 
ut. (1586) 150 For swine .. eate not onely their owne, but 
yoong children .. to the pittiful discomfort of the parent. 
tes Seixs. Ant. & Cl. Ww. iii. 34 What meane you (Sir) To 
giue them this discomfort ? Looke they weepe. @ 1716 SouTH 
J), In solitude there is not only discomfort but weakness 

so. 1847 Loner. £v. 1. i. 68 Thus did that poor soul 
wander in want and in cheerless discomfort. 

+b. with #2 Something that causes distress ; 
a trouble, grief. Ods. or avch. (exc. as in 3b). 

1386 Cuaucer Frankl. 7. 168 Here freendes sawe that 
it was no disport To romen by the see but disconfort. 1536 
WariotHestey Chron, (1875) 1. 33 Which was a great dis- 
compfort to all this realme. 1562 1. S. (¢/¢/e', Truth tried : 
very comfortable to the faithful, but a discomfort to the 
enemies of God. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1066 This discom- 
fort he hath done the house. 

3. Now in weakened sense: The condition of 
being uncomfortable; uneasiness (of mind or 
body) : cf. Comrort sd. 6, COMFORTABLE a, 7, 10. 

1841 Lane Arad, Nis. 1. 85, I will cure thee without any 
discomfort to thy person, 31842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion 
(ed. 4) 205 The great discomfort which attends the subse- 
quent indigestion of a heavy dinner. 1855 Macautay //7s¢. 
Fite III. 255 The Scots .. began to find that independence 
had its discomfort as well as its dignity. 1852 Sir B. Bropie 
Psychol. Ing. W11, iv. 126 ‘The excitement produced by the 
cigar is followed by a feeling of discomfort. 

b. with A/. Something that makes one uncom- 
fortable; an inconvenience, hardship. (Cf. Com- 
FORT sd. 7.) 

1841 James Brigandi, The inconveniences and discomforts 
which those beautiful days of the south sometimes bring. 
1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 485 The troops who had gone 
on shore had many discomforts to endure, 1885 E, Garrett 
At Any Cost i. 19 Mrs. Sinclair was one of those who in- 
stinctively avoid all avoidable discomforts. 

q Formerly, like the vb., confused with Discom- 
FIT sd. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xxiv, (Arb.) 62 Ouerthrowes 
and discomforts in battell. 

Discomfort (diskv'mfait),v. Also 4-6 dys-, 
-con-: see Comrort. [ME. discomfort, descon- 
Sort, a. OF. desconfort-er (12th c. in Littré), mod. 
F. déonforter, f. des-, Dis- 4 + conforter COMFORT 
v.3 cf. It. désconfortare.] 

+1. trans. To deprive of courage or strength of 
mind; to discourage, dishearten, dismay. Ods. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 70 Discomfort no ping be, 
so faire happe neuer pou fond. ¢1340 Cursor M. 15543 
(Fairf.) Loke 3e 3u disconfort [earlier texts misinay] no3t. 
1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 28 Preamb., The seid sueters.. 
were .. disconforted & in dispayre of expedicion of ther 
suetes. 1606 Suaks. 77. § Cr. v. x. 10 My Lord, you doe 
discomfort all the Hoste. a@1677 Manton True Circum- 
cision Wks. 1871 II. 39 The mind .. which is naturally dis- 
comforted and weakened .. is mightely revived and encour- 
aged with these glad tidings. 1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), 
Discomfort . to afflict, cast down, or put out of Heart. 

+2. To deprive of comfort or gladness; to 
distress, grieve, sadden ; to render disconsolate or 
sorrowful. Ods. or arch. (exc. as in 3). 

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1. iii. 4 The syght of some 
thynges that I sawe gladyd moche my herte and the syght 
of somme other thynges dyscomfortyd me hugely. ¢ 1489 
Caxton Sonnes of Aymion xxviii. 590 Ye doo not well for to 
make soo grete sorowe, nor to discomforte yourself so moche 
as bo doo. a 1833 Lp. Berners //won xlvii. 159 She was 

‘ght sorowfull and sore dyscomfortyd. 1698 Norris Pract. 

#sc. 1V. 109 Is not every Man concern’d to provide that 
neither the Desire of Life may imbitter his Death, nor the 

of Death discomfort his Life? 1845 T. W. Coit 
Puritanism 386 The man who went to discomfort Abp. 
ud in his imprisonment. 1882 Rossetti Badd. §& Sonn., 
Rose Mary, Long it was ere she raised her head And rose 
up all discomforted. 7 

+b. intr. (for ref.) To distress oneself, grieve. 
Obs. rare. 

1554-9 in Songs §& Ball., Philip §& Mary (1860) 3 O why 
shold we be..sad? Or for to dyscomfort what thyng shold 
us ge ee ? 

3. Now in weakened sense; To make uncom- 
fortable or uneasy (mentally or physically). 

1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1V.v. xix. § 27 He is careless... 
nor feels discomforted, though his walls should be full of 
fissures like the rocks, 1859 THackeray Virgin. (1879) I. 296 
Mr. Wolfe looked very much discomforted. 1893 Q. [Coucu] 
Delectable Duchy 37 The Registrar..was discomforted by a 
pair of tight boots. Zod, Does the want of the cushion 
discomfort you? 

‘| Formerly, often confused with or used for Dis- 
COMFIT V., q.v. 

1382 Wycur Matz. xii, 25 Eche kyngdam departid a3eins 
7 self, shal be desolat, or discounfortid. 1483 Caxton 

de and 


421 


thre thousand persones. 1596 J. Norpen Progr. Pietie 
(1847) 102 When the wicked shall fall and be utterly dis- 
comforted. 1603 KNoties Hist. /'urks (1638) 288 The Turks 
discomforted with the inuincible courage of these old soldiers 
.-betooke themselues to flight. 1628 Crt. & 7imes Chas. I 
(1848) I. 410 The news .. almost discomforted our hopes. 

Hence Disco'mforted ///. a., Disco-mforting 
vl. sh, and ppl. a.; Disco-mfortedly, Disco'm- 
fortingly advs. 

ch J R. Grouc. (1724) 212 Po be Romeyns were wyp out 
chef, dyscomforted hii were. 1375 Barsour Bruce ut. 193 For 
throw mekill disconforting Men fallis off into disparyng. 
¢ 1400 Melayne 240 The Sarazen slewe oure cristyn knyghte, 
It was dyscomforthynge. 1556 Aurelio § /sab. (1605) L ij, 
The bitter teares of the disconfortede Quene. 1787 IVildiam 
of Normandy 1, 114 Amid the unavailing sorrows of a now 
discomforted people. 1857 Sir F. Parcrave Norm. § Eng. 
II. 418 A most discomforting knowledge of the conse- 
quences which had ensued. 1873 Miss Broucuton Nancy 
III. 64, I snubbedly and discomfortedly put them in my 
own breast. 1891 G. Merepitu Oxe of our Cong. II. i. 13 
Inyoluntarily, discomfortingly. 

Discomfortable (disky-mfaitab'l), z. [a. OF. 
desconfortable (in Godef.), f. desconforter: see D1s- 
COMFORT v, and COMFORTABLE. ] 

1. Causing discouragement, distress, grief, or 
annoyance; destroying, or tending to destroy, 
comfort or happiness. Ods. or arch. (exc. as in 2). 

1413 Pilger. Sow/e (Caxton 1483) 1v. xx, 68 Nothyng agre- 
able, hit is to me but ful discomfortable. 1535 CoveRDALE 
Ecclus, xviii. 15 Speake no discomfortable wordes. —@ 1572 
Knox Hist. Ref Wks. (1846) I. 375 We hard nothing of 
him bot threatning and disconfortable wordis, 1593 SHAKS. 
Rich. 11, 1. ii, 36 Discomfortable cousin ! knowest thou not, 
[etc.]. 1600 Haktuyt Joy. (1810) 111. 349 As ioyfull to me, 
as discomfortable to them. 1655 Diccrs Compl. Ambass. 
374 She said she would write a few words to you ..which I 
prayed her might not be discomfortable. 1846 ‘TreNcu 
Mirvac. xxiii. (1862) 345 He breaks the silence .. but it is 
with an answer more discomfortable than was even the 
silence itself. 1891 Sat. Rev. 14 Nov. 543/1 Lord Salisbury’s 
perhaps discomfortable remarks, 

+b. Marked by absence of comfort or happi- 
ness ; comfortless, miserable. Ods. 

1529 More Com/f. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1189'1 The nyght 
is, of the nature self, dyscomfortable & ful of feare. 1586 

3riGHT Alelanch. xvii. 103 ‘The body thus possessed with 
the discomfortable darknes of melancholie. 1622, Donne 
Serm. cxix. V. 117 Though it be the discomfortablest thing 
in the world, not to have known Christ. 

2. Wanting in material comfort or convenience ; 
causing physical discomfort or uneasiness; posi- 
tively uncomfortable, comfortless. 

1607 DekKER Northw. Hoe 1. Wks. 1873 III. 17 Lodge me 
in some discomfortable vault Where neither Sun nor Moone 
may touch my sight. 1614 Rareicn //ist. World 1. 22 
Neither could Moses forget the length of the way through 
those discomfortable Desarts. 1854 Hawtiorne “ag. Note 

ks. (1883) II. 208 Of all discomfortable places, I am in- 
clined to reckon Aldershott Camp the most so. 1888 STEVEN- 
SON in Scribner's Mag. Feb. 254 Pacing to and fro in his 
discomfortable house. 

8. Characterized by, or in a state of, discomfort 
or uneasiness ; uncomfortable, uneasy. 

1844 KincLakE Zothen (1847) 157, I never saw .. in the 
most horridly stuffy ball room such a discomfortable collec- 
tion of human beings. 

+4. Not to be comforted; disconsolate, inconsol- 
able. Obs. rare. 

1535 CoverDALE Todit x. 4 She wepte with discomfortable 
teares. [Wyct., vnremediable teris.] 

Hence Disco-mfortableness; Disco’mfortably 
adv, 

1580 SipNey 4 rcadia (1622) 317 A death where the maner 
could bee no comfort to the discomfortablenesse of the 
matter, 1585 App. SaNvys Sevvz. (1841) 369 Weary of the 
discomfortableness of the night. 1619 W. Sctater Ex. 
1 Vhess. (1630) 435 Thy conscience must .. inferre the con- 
clusion discomfortably. 1653 J. Bampreitp in Nicholas 
Papers (Camden) II. 29 [They] speake very discomfortably 
of it. 1873 Miss Broucnuton Nancy ILL. 105 ‘ How can 
I tel?’ reply 1, discomfortably. 

Discomforter. [f. Discomrorr v. + -rr!. 
Cf. OF. desconforteur.| One who discomforts, 
discourages, or distresses. 

_ 1628 Earte Microcosm., Plodding Student (Arb.) 72 Hee 
is a great discomforter of young Students. 1 Bocan 
Alirth Chr. Life 80 Thus.will Christians comfort themselves, 
let their discomforters say what they will. 

+ Discomforture. Ods. rare. [f. Discom- 
Fort v.: cf. discomfiture.] Discomfort, distress. 

1539 Primer in Priv. Prayers (1851) 92 My heart is almost 
like to brast, so great is my discomforture. 

Discommend (disk/mend), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
ComMEND: cf. OF, descommander (13th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm,).] 

1. trans. To find fault with, express disapproba- 
tion of: the opposite of ComMEND (sense 3). 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clvi. 145 In hym was no thynge to 
be dyscommendyd, but that he helde his doughter so longe 
vnmaryed. 1509 Barctay Shyp Folys (1570) 122, I shall 
.. Lawde iust and good, and the euill discommende. _ 1557 
Nortu tr. Gueuara’s Diall of Princes 90/2, 1 do discom- 
mend, that the women should goe gadding a broade in 
visitacion, a1639 W. WuaTELey Prototypes 1. iv. (1640) 31 
The Lord bids men goe and learne of the Pismire, and 
discommends idlenesse. 1676 SHapwe t Virtuoso w, I can- 
not abide the sight of her since she discommended thee, m: 
dear, 1860 Patmore /aithful for ever 1. 49 Who else shall 
discommend her choice ? 

Rr 1632 Brome Novella 1. Wks. 1873 I. 136 It is 
tl 4 


la Tour 1.iij, He allone d'scomforted 


rule to di 1737 STACKHOUSE //ist, 


DISCOMMODE. 


Dible (1767) 1V. vu. iv. 519 The author neither commends 
nor discommends, 

2. To speak of dissuasively ; the opposite of Rr- 
COMMEND (cf. COMMEND 2). 

1533 Eryot Cas¢. /elthe u. vii. 23 The juyce of oranges 
eaten with Sugar in a hotte fever is not to be dyscommended. 
1621 Burton Avat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. i, Savanarola discommends 
Goats flesh. 1879 Macrarren Counter/. (ed. 2) iii. 7 ‘Their 
use. .is discommended to students. 

3. ‘To cause (anything) to be unfavourably viewed 
or received. ? Obs. 

1579 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 131 The manners of the childe 
at the first are to be looked to that nothing discommend the 
minde. _@1659 Bocan in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. xxiii. 1 
Only privative defects discommend a thing. 

Hence Discomme‘nded ///. a.; Discomme-nd- 
ing v0/. sb. and pf/.a.; also Discomme:nder, one 
who discommends, 

1544 Bate Chron. Sir ¥. Oldcastell in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) 
I. 249 Wyth no small discommendings of some princes. 1586 
A. Day Eng. Sec etary 1. (1625) 128 ‘lo the intent hee may 
.. be instructed in the vilenesse and discommended parts of 
the same, 1611 Cortcr., | 7éupereur, a dispraiser, discom- 
mender. 1678 Drypren Ald for Love Pref., No part of a 
poem is worth our discommending, where the whole Is insipid. 
17oz S. Parker tr. De Linvbus 192 Having something in 
them Discommending and Unacceptable. 1755 Jounson, 
Discommender, one that discommends ; a dispraiser. 

Discommendable diskgme‘ndab'l), a. [f. 
prec. + -ABLE.] 

1. To be discommended ; worthy of censure. 

— Anprew Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters Prol., It is 
not dyscomendable for a man of more base lernynge to put 
to his helping hande. 1583 Sruspes Anat, Aéuses 1. Yo 
Rdr, p. xii, It is an exercise altogether discommend 
vnlawfull. 1650 BuLWER 4 uthropomet, 201 Splendid apparel, 
counterfeit crisped haire is more discommendable then the 
nakednesse of these Barbarians, 1711 W. Kine tr. Nande's 
Ref. Politics ii. 62 An y discommendable and shame- 
ful. 1737 StackuouseE //ist, Bible (1767) LV. vu. iv. 517 ‘The 
motives. .are not discommendable. 1833 Lams ///a Ser. 11. 
Poor Rel.In a vein of no discommendable vanity. 

+2. Not to be recommended; to be represented 
dissuasively. Ods, 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe 11. xiii. (1539) 31b, To them, 
whiche use moche exercise, it is not discommendable. 1655 
Movuret & Bennet Lealth’s Improv. (1746) 329 Rice is .. 
discommendable only in that it 1s over-binding. 1684 tr. 
Bonet’s Merc. Compit, xviii..644 Vhe eating of Flesh is not 
discommendable, especially of. Animals. 

Hence + Discomme‘ndableness ; 
me‘ndably adv. Olds. 

1656 W. D. tr. Comenius’ Gate Lat. Unl. § 663 Those 
that do discommendably, reprove, rebuke, slight them. 1727 
Batrey vol. II, Discommendableness, undeservingness of 
commendation. 

Discommendation (diske:méndéi-fon).  [n. 
of action from DiscomMMEND v.] The action of 
discommending ; dispraise. 

1573 Apr. Parker Corr. 427 In whose discommendation 
.. your honour once did write to me 
§ Souldiour 25 Oh good Sir! sp 
dation of a Scholler, 21754 Ricnarpson Grandison (1781) 
VI. lvi. 374, L had much rather. have been in the company 
..than grubbing pens in my closet and all to get nothing but 
discommendation. 1837 CartyLe J/iradeau Misc. Ess, (1888) 
V. 232 Let him come, under what discommendation he 
might, into any circle of men. 

b. (with @ and #7.) A special instance of this. 

1580 Lupton Sivgila 98 ‘Truely the crab is a discommen- 
dation to the Peare tree that bare it. 1677 Gitein Demonol, 
(1867) 117 That rebuke, ‘ Mary hath chosen the better part,” 
is only a comparative discommendation.. 1841 L. Hunt 
Seer il. (1864) 55 [We] hereby present the critics .. with our 
hearty discommendations. 

+ Discommi'ssion, 7. Oés. [f. Dis- 7 + Com- 
MISSION sé.] _¢vans. ‘To deprive of a commission. 

1622 Crt. & Times Fas. I (1849) 11. 287 All justices are 
like to be discommissioned shortly, and a new choice made. 
1641 Laup Hist. Acc. Chancellorship 142 (L.), 1 shall .. 
proceed to discommission your printer and suppress his 
press. 1659 Mitton Aupt. Commw., Wks. (1851) 401 For 
discommissioning nine great Officers in the Army. 

Discommittee: see Dis- 7. 

+ Discormmodable, «. Oés.vare—'.  [f. F. 
discommoder to inconvenience, DISCOMMODATE + 
-ABLE.] Disagreeable, annoying. 

1579 Lwyne Phisicke agst. Fort. 1. xxii. 29 a, The smel of 
womens oyntmentes is more discommodable then the odour 
of flowres, 

+ Disco‘mmodate, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Com- 
MODATE v., after obs. F. a’scommod-er (Cotgr.).] 
trans. To put to inconvenience; to disturb, trou- 
ble; =next. Hence + Disco‘mmodated /#/. a. 

1610 Crt. §& Times Fas. I (1849) 1. 119 After the sending 
away her stuff, which. . will mae discommodate her, 1620 
Wotton in Relig. Wotton. (1672) 533 None .. shall .. dis- 
commodate, pillage ..or trouble one another. c 1645 HowELL 
Lett. 1. u. xv, These Wars did so drain and discommodate 
the King of Spain. 1649 Cromwe.t Le?é. 13 Aug. (Carlyle), 
Sir, I desire you not to discommodate yourself because of 
the money due to me. 

[f Dis- 6 + 


‘+ Discom- 


Discommode (diskgmévd), v. 
CoMMODE v., after obs. F. dzscommoder ; see prec.] 
trans. To put to inconvenience or trouble; to 
incommode, inconvenience, 

733 L. M. 
or fear of 


ry2t Baitey, Disc de, to inc de, 
tr. Du Boscg's Accomplish'd Woman 11. 127 
discommoding his curls. 1818 Scorr Ht. Mid. 1, It could 
not discommode you to receive any of his Grace's visiters 
or mine, 1830 Garr Lawrie 7, mi. i, (1849) 84 Finding 


. DISCOMMODED. 
heiself and the f children dis 


Z ded in the boat. 
1085, Cuno Ballads i. Ixxviii. aay/2 The hero comes out 
of his mound ..to tell her how discommodes him ., 
every [tear] drop pierces, cold and bloody, to his breast. 
Hence Discommo'ded £/. a., inconvenienced. 
1828 in Wenster. 1880 jaily Tel. 30 Apr., Half- 
art one 


smothered ej o! n. y 

+Discommo diate, v, Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 
+ ComMopIATE, used by the same author.] = prec. 

1654 Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio's Warrs of Flanders 59 
To have fought the Enemy by discommodiating them. 

mmo‘dious, ¢. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 + 
Commopious.] Causing trouble or inconvenience ; 
inconvenient ; disadvantageous, troublesome. 

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 44 The..distaunce of the towne 
from the parishe churches. .is veraie discommodious. 1577 
B. Gooce Heresbach's Hush. 1. (1586) 179 b, The fixed, or 
standing Hives, bee discommodious, as which you can 
neither sell, nor remoove, 1601 R. Jonnson Aingd. & 
Commw, (1603) 141 So discommodious is gluttonie to the 
proceedings of the Christians. 1645 Mitton 7etrach. (1851) 
154 A mariage. . totally discommodious, distastfull, dishonest 
and pernicious to him. 1668 WiLkins Read Char. 29. 

b. as sé, =Discommodious quality. rare. 

1583 B. Gooce Let. in NV. & Q. Ser. in. IIT. 242, I can 
verry well away wyth the dyscomodious off the contrey. 

+Discommo‘diously, adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ 2.] 
Inconveniently, 

1633 I’. James Voy. 69 They had laine very discommodi- 
ously all the winter, 1638 Mayne Lucan (1664) 81 Having 
-.discommodiously washt. 

+Discommo‘diousness. (és. [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.]_  Discommodious quality ; unsuitability, 
inconvenience ; a disadvantage. 

1580 Nortn /’lutarch (1676\ 24 The discommodiousness of 
the place, where was neither ground..to fly, nor yet any 
space for any long chace. 1637 SanpeRSoN Serm. II. go We 
. .begin to find those discommodiousnesses and incumbrances 
which before we never thought of. 1675 Ocitay Brit, 186 
The Discommodiousness of the Harbor 1s a great Occasion 
of its not being well-frequented. 

Discommodity (diskgmp-diti).  [f. Dis- 9 + 
Commopiry.] 

1. The quality of being discommodious ; unsuit- 
ableness, inconvenience, disadvantageousness. 

1513 More Rich. /// in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11.798 He had 
declared the discommoditie of discord, and the commoditie 
of concord. 1§77 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husb, 1. (1586) 
147 b, Of the discommoditie of Essex Cheese, our .. John 
Haywood..meerily writeth. 1603 Knoties //ist. Turkes 
(1621) 1335 Nassuf excused himself .. by reason of the dis- 
commoditie of his health. a@1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 
I, 688 The Reason of the Alteration of the Law, ought to 
be the Discommodity cf continuing it. 1829 Lams Leé?. 
(1888) 224 You go about, in rain or fine, at all hours, without 
discommodity. : ; 

2. (with @ and f/.) A disadvantage, inconveni- 
ence, trouble. 

1531 Evyor Gov. 18. vi, These discommodities do happen 
by implacable wrath. 1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. 11. (1682) 
138 Patiently enduring all Discommodities of Cold, Rain, 
and Hunger. 1662 Perry 7ares 35 It would be a great 
discommodity to the Prince to take more then he needs. 
1690 W. Wacker /diomat, Anglo-Lat. 476, have thought 
of all the discommodities that may come unto me. 

b. concer. 

1879 Jevons /’o/. Econ. iii. (1885) 58 As the noun commo- 
dities has been used .. as a concrete term, so we may now 
convert déiscommodity into a concrete term, and speak of 
discommoditics as substances or things which possess the 
quality of causing inconvenience or harm. 

Discommon (diskg‘mon), v. [f. Dis- 7, 8 + 
Common sd. and a.: cf. also ComMON v.] 

+1. ¢rans. To cut off from the membership of a 
community ; sfec. a, to deprive of citizenship, dis- 
franchise; b, to exclude from church fellowship, 


excommunicate. Ods. : 

1478 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 303 In opyn Court, the Mayer 
a Natio. .declared the said persones nott discomened 
nor disfraunchesid. 1588 Br. ANprewes Ninety-sic Sermons 
(1843) V.41 Every man doeth what in him lieth to discommon 
communities. @ 1600 Hooker Fee?. Po/. vit. Wks. 1845 II. 
49t What though a man being severed by excommunica- 
tion from the Church, be not thereby deprived of freedom 
in the city ; nor being there discommoned, is thereby forth- 
with. .excluded fromthe Church? 16g0-3 tr. //ales’ Dissert. 
de Pace in Phenix (1708) 11, 382 We also ought to know the 
causes why we discommon any of the Citizens in that 
.. Commonwealth, @ 1655 Vines Lord's Sup. (1677) 230 
Ground to dis-c or dis-franchize a reputed ber. 

ec. fig. To exclude, banish, 

1 Praise of Mus. 77 Py a commission onely of Sic 
volumus, Sic iubemus, to discommon that which is the 
princi it (music). ans E 

n the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge : 
To deprive (a tradesman) of the privilege of deal- 
ing with the undergraduates. 

1530 in W. H, Turner Select, Rec. Oxford 80 The hedds 
of the Unyversite .. dyscoumenyd mye and commaunded 
all the mansebylls, cooks, and all others of the Unyversite 
that they shulde nother bye nor sell wS hym. 1655 Futter 
Ch. Hist, m. vi. § 39 A civil penalty (equivalent to the Uni- 
versities discommoning a ‘Townsman in Cambridg). 1762 
Gentl. Mag. 91 An action depending in the vice-ch Hor's 
court at Oxford against a tradesman of that place was de- 


422 


3. a. To deprive of the right of common; to: 


exclude from pasturing on a common : see Common 
sb.1 5,6. Also fig. b. To deprive of the character 
of a common ; to inclose (common land). 


DISCOMPOSURE. ~ 
Can 0 corrow enter but upan thy geirmdnt, Oe Svenaiiinies 
attire : £ 
plitance. rare—'.  [f. Dis- 9 + 
Comprtance.] Refusal to comply, non-com- 


olianes 


1597-8 Br. Hawt Sav. v. iii. 72 Whiles thou d 
thy neighbour's kine, And warn’st that none feed in thy 
field. 1828 WessteR, D/s-common, to appropriate common 
land; to separate and inclose common, Cowe/, 1865 Lowe. 
New Eng. Two C. Ago Prose Wks. 1890 II. 76 To develop 
the latent possibilities of English law and English character, 
by clearing away the fences by which the abuse of the one 
was gradually discommoning the other from the broad 
fie!ds of natural right. 

LDisco‘mmonize, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Commonizr 
v. (or Common sé, + -IZE).] =D1scomMon 2, 

1886 H. V. Barnett in Home Chimes 150 Slippy’s dis- 
commonized, and the proctors are down on the Three Crows, 
1893 Westm. Gaz. 5 Apr. 7/2 The boat-builder who lends 
out a boat to an undergraduate who prevails on him to omit 
his name from the list might, if detected, be for ever dis- 
commonised. 

Discommons ‘diskg'manz), v. [f. Dis- 7a + 
Commons sé. f/., 3, 4.] Hence Disco-mmonsed 
ppl. a., Discommonsing v6/. sb. 

. trans, To deprive of commons in a college. 

1856 F. E. Pacret Owlet Owlst. 112 The world that could 
be ruled by being discommonsed, imposed, rusticated, ex- 
pelled, lay at his mercy. 1881 Saintssury Dryden i. 6 On 
July 19th, 1652.. he was discommonsed and gated for a 
fortnight for disobedience and contumacy. 1881 Pa/d Mall 
Budget 4 Nov. 20 Like a great school where a lecture, an 
imposition, a discommonsing, a gentle personal castigation, 
or .. expulsion were the only punishments in use. 1 
AstLey 50 Vears' Sport 1. 34, I was discommonsed for 
keeping a dog contrary to the statutes, ; 

= DISCOMMON 2, 

1852 Bristep 5 Years in Eng. Univ. (ed. 2) 81 note, The 
owners [of lodging-houses] being solemnly bound to report 
all their lodgers who stay out at night, under pain of being 
‘discommonsed’, 1861 HucHes 7om Brown at Oxf. 1. 
(1889) 6 To keep all discommonsed tradesmen ..and bad 
characters generally, out of the college. 

+ Discommonwealth, v. vonce-wid. [D1s- 
7c.) ¢rans. To cut off from the common- 
wealth or state. Hence + Discommonwealth- 
ing wl. sb, 

1647 Warp Sintp. Cobler 47 The divell himselfe..as he is 
a creature, hee fears decreation, as an Angell dehomina- 
tions ; as a Prince dis-commonwealthings. : 

Discommune (diskg'mizm), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
CoMMUNE v., or Dis- 72+ ComMmuNE 54.) Hence 
Disco'mmuned £//. a., Discoommuning vé/. sd. 

+1. trans. To cut off or exclude from com- 
munion, fellowship, or association. Ods. 

1590 D. Anproes in Greenwood Collect. Sclaund. Art. Eij, 
The other was a ciuile discommuning. 1618 Hates Gold. 
Rem. (1683) 424 By suspending, discc ing, by expelling 
them from their Churches, etc. 1647 FuLLER Good Th. in 
Worse 7. (1841) 130 Must I be discommuned from my 
husband's devotion? 1659 Gaupen 7ars of Ch. 409 When 
they have disputed, and d:scommuned, and unchurched, and 
unchristened one another. 

2. =DiscomMon v. 2. 

1677 Woop is (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IT. 383 Brickland, a dis- 
communed cobler, 1691 — Ath. Oxon. II. 507 He .. did 
expel the said Dobson, and discommune for ever the Book- 
seller called Edward Thorne. 1710 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) II], 98 Mr, Ryley was one of the Persons dis- 
commun'd, which he attributes chiefly to Dr. Sacheverell. 
1852 Queen's Bench Rep. XVAL1. 650 The said Vice Chan- 
cellor and certain Heads of Colleges .. pronounced the 
plaintiff to be discommuned until the end of next term, 

+ Discommwm'nion. 0és. et : ef. prec.] 
Exclusion from communion or fellowship. 

1590 T. Sperin in Confer. u. 20 The Bishop his excom- 
munication is but a Civile discommunion, 1660 GauvpEN 
Brounrig 163 Dough-baked Protestants, that are afraid to 
own their disco ion and di ¢ from the Church 
politick, or Court of Rome. : 

Liscommunity (diskf/mi#niti). rare—*. [f. 
Dis- g + Community.] Ab-ence of community; 
the quality of not having something in common. 

1859 Darwin or Spec. eee) II. xiv. 253 Dissimilarity 
of embryonic development does not prove dnvomaaalty of 
descent, 

Discomonerula, Discomorula: see Disco-. 

+ Disco‘mpanied, ///. a. Obs. rare. [pa. 
pple. of *discompany vb., ad, OF, descompaignier, 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + compaignier to Company.] De- 
stitute of company, unaccompanied. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. ut. v, If shee bee alone, 
now, and discompanied. 1613-18 Dantes Coll. Hist. Eng. 
(1626) 13 [His] step-mother .. murthered him, comming to 
her house, estrayed, in hunting, and d d. 

Dismee v. rare. [f. ,Dis- 7a.] 
trans. To deprive of companionship, 

1883 G. Macvonatp Donal Grant 1, xxiv. 254 A youth, 
fresh from college and suddenly di ioned at home, 


+ Discom: [f. Dis- 6 


an ¥ P 
pensate, . once-wd. 
+ COMPENSATE v.] fvans. To do the reverse of 
compensating ; to counterbalance in the way of loss 
instead of gain. ‘ 

3704 F. Futrer Med. ae (1718) er It will not suffice to 


termined, when the def was publickly dis 
1864 ); H. Newman A fod. 173 I had been ed _up by the 
marshal on the buttery hatch of every College of my Uni- 
versity, after the manner of discommoned pastry-cooks. 
b. To deprive of commons; = DIscoMMONS I. 
1825 Cc. M. ESTMACOTT Eng. Sfy I. 167, I was instantly 


the Bene 
v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7 d.] 
trans. To spoil the complexion or aspect of; to 
render unsightly, disfigure, deface. 
2635 Suirtey Coronat, 1. i, His band may be disordered... 
his rich cloaths be discomplexioned With bloud, /dée, 1v. iii, 


will dis co 
pliance to my Lord 


a 
1664 Pepys Diary 23 July, A compli: 
me to Mr. Cov ” a discom; 
Chancellor. nef: . 3 

Discompose (iskgmpdwz), v. [f. Dis- 6+_ 
Compose v. The Caxton instance, in sense 1, 
stands alone in time, and prob. represents an OF, 
*descomposer =¥. d‘composer.] 

1. trans. To destroy or disturb the composure or 
calmness of ; to ruffle, agitate, disquiet: a. (persons, 
or their minds, ieelings, etc.). 

1483 Caxton Caz/o Liij b, Thou oughtest not to ne 
to discompose the whey thow losest the rychesses and tem- 
poralle goodes of thys world. 1645 Br. Hatt Remed. Dis. 
contents 6 Prosperity may discompose us, as vvel as an 
adverse condition. <7 GLanvILL Scepsis Sci. 168 Ever’ 

position of our espous’d opini + di poseth the minds 
serenity. 1732 Pore Ess. Man. 168 Better for Us, perhaps, 
it might appear, That never jon discompos’d the mind, 
1765 WatroLe Cas, Otranto iv. (1798) 65 Discompose not 
yourself for the glosing of a peasant's son. 1876 ‘I’. Harpy 
Ethelberta x\vii, Sol's bitter chiding had been the first thing 
to discompose her fortitude. 

b. (things, as the sea, the air). 

1646 J. Hawt. Poems 65 That breath of thine can onely 
raise New stormes and discompose the Seas. 1661 CowLry 
Disc. Govt. O. Cronrwell Wks. 1710 U1. 626 No Wind. .the 
Afr to discompose. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. $ 300 Not 
a breath of wind discomposed the surface of the water. 

2. To disturb the order or arrangement of; to 
throw into confusion; to disarrange, disorder, un- 
settle. Now rare or Obs. 

1611 FrLorio, Discomporre, to vnframe, to discompose. 
1649 Cromweit Let. 19 July, Sir, discompose not your 
thoughts or estate for what youare to pay me. 1667 MILToN 
#P. L. v. 10 So much the more His [Adam's] wonder was to 
find, unwak’ned Eve With T'resses discompos'd, and glowing 
Cheek As through unquiet rest. 1747 Goutp Eng, Ants 104 
This Species [of red ants] is. .the most daring and venemous, 
as cg sab ieee will teach any that presume to discom: 
their Settlements, 1816 Keatincr 7rav. (1817) II, 2 Our 
whole body was discomposed and. disp in an i 
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 357 These minutia alter and 
discompose the characters of the citizens, 

+b. To upset or disorder the health of; pa. pple. 
indisposed, out of health. Ods. 

1694 Lutrrei. Brief Rel. (1857) 1. The lord keeper 
on Sunday last fell tackwards’ ts his Whamber and came 
with his head to the ground, which much discomposes him. 
1708 Hearne Collect. 16 Oct., Is much discomposed with 
acold. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. (1718) 213 Being discomposed 
I was not with them, 

+3. ‘To displace, discard. Ods, ; 

1622 Bacon //en, )'//, 242 (R.) Hee neeuer put di or 
discomposed counsellor, or neare seruant, saue oncly Stanley, 
tle Lord Chamberlaine. 1640 FULLER Yoseph's Coat iii. 
(1867) 133 It is recorded in the honour of our King Henry 
the Seventh, that he never discomposed favourite, 

Discomposed (disksmpé «2d, poct.-zéd), ppl.a. 
[f. prec.+-ED1.] Disordered, disturbed, agitated, 
disquieted : see the verb. 

16a5-8 tr. Camden's Hist, Elis. w. (1688) ms. His un- 
settled and discomposed Cc 1626 T. H{awxins] 
Caussin's Holy Crt, 121 It is an ab folly of a di 
posed judgement. 1670 Davoren 1st P4. iy Granada i. 
1, I met Almanzor coming back from Court, But with a dis- 
compos'd and speedy Pace. 1828 Scorr /. A/. Perth xxxv, 
With a discom: aspect and faltering voice. 

Hence Discompo'sedly adv.; Discompo'sed- 
ness, disturbedness, disquietude. 

1627 Donne Serm. xxii. 218 Thir inordinatenesse thir dis- 
composednesse and fluctuation of passion. 1655-62 GuRNALt. 
Chr. in Arm. (1669) 356/2 David behaved himself discom- 
posedly, Hate Contempi. 11, Afflictions (R.), Sickness 
Fe ee di m4 <a a oe d - Mrs. 

raED Policy § 2. LL. 33 She rose discomposedly. 

Discomposing ((iskympdwzin), sp’. a. [f. 
as prec. + -ING*,] That discomposes. 

a Bovis Excell. Theol. 1. ¥.220 A man that is not in 
love with a fair lady..may have as true and perfect, though 
not as discomposing an idea of her face. 1741 Rictarpson 
Pamela 11. 385, 1 hope I have not one discomposin, — 
tosay. 1893 Crockert Stickit Minister g2 A tall girl. .t 
the dominie round the neck in a discomposing manner. 

Hence Discompo" adv., in a way that 
discomposes or disturbs, 

1891 G. Merepirn One of our Cong. ILI. xii. 247 Perfectly 
satinfi y, yet di: posingly violent i 

position. O/s. [n. of action from 
Discomrosg, after Composition.) The condition 
of being discomposed ; disorder, discomposure.. 

1624 Donne Devotions 8 (T.) O perplexed discomposiion, 
O riddling distemper, O miserable condi.ion of man! 1656 
Fivert for. A - 63 He a to the presence 


of his Majesty without - Tad Sp.de tee 

+Discomposture. Oés. [ad. Sp. descompos- 
tura a pf 1599), f. descomponer to 
a Cf. composture.) = next. 

x6a2 Manse tr. Aleman's Guzman D'AUf. 3. 76 Daraxa 
never gaue way by any dis-composture or ted be- 
haviour, or any other occasion » 1626 Bacon 
Sylva § 836 This is Cite .. by the disordination and 
discomposture of the Tangible Parts. 

Biscomposure (diskgmpé -g'i1). [f. Discos- 
pose, after ComPOSURE.] fact or condition of 


being discomposed. 


PP 


-DISCOMPUTATION.. 


‘1. Disorder, confusion, derangement. ? Ods. 

* 3641 Mitton Aximadyv. (1851) 223 The Prelates .. which 
way soever’ they turne them, put all things into a fotle dis- 
composure, Hare Prim. Orig. Man. w. vii. 348 The 
Wonder and Miracle -is:ten times greater in the state of 
things as they now stand, than it would be in such a dis- 
composure of Nature. 1756 Buttock in PAdl. 7 rans. XLIX. 
402 Several pieces of minerals were dropped from the sides 
and roof, but all the shafts remained intire, without the 
least discomposure, ake I 

+b. Derangement of health, indisposition. Ods. 

. 1665 Boyte Occas. Reff. 11. i. (1845) 98 You left me free 
from any other discomposure than that which your leaving 
me is wont to give me. 1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 
275 In cases of uterine discomposures. 1734 Watts Relig. 
Fut, (1789) 110 Latrissa is often indisposed .. Last Friday 
she was seized with her usual discomposures. i 

+e. The condition of being taken to pieces; 
dismemberment. Oés. 

- 1660 W. Secker Nonsuch Prof. 73 We see more in the 
am of a Watch then when its wheels are set 
t er. 

. Disturbance of mind or feelings; agitation, 
perturbation. (Cf. Composurg, sense 10.) 

1547 Ciarenvon Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 13/1 And he continued 
in this melancholic and discomposure of mind many days. 
1690 Norris Beatitudes (1692) 66 Without any the least 
shew of Impatience or Discomposure of Spirit. “1741 Ricu- 
arpson Pamela (1742) IV. 205 Did I betray any Impatience 
of Speech or Action, any Discomposure? 1828 Scorr /’. A7. 
Perth vi, His face was pale, his eyes red ; and there was an 
air of discomposure about his whole person. 1849 MAcauLay 
Hist, Eng. 1, 471 A series of sermons was preached there 
by Popish divines, to the great discomposure of zealous 
Sierchonen. 

+3. Want ofharmony ; disagreement, dissension. 
Obs. rare. 

1661 BoyvLe Style of Script. (1675) 73 How exquisite a 
symmetry .. Omniscience doth .. discover in the Scripture’s 
method, in spite of those seeming discomposures that now 
puzzle me. 1673 Woop Lf (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 271, I was 
not there .. because of the present discomposures between 
the scholars and townsmen. 

-Discompt, obs. form of Discount. 

+Discomputa‘tion. Ods.-° [Dis- 9.] An 
erroneous reckoning. 

161x Frorio, Scowputo, a discomputation, 

Discomycetous: see Disco-. 

+ Disconcei't, v. Os. [f. Dis- 7 a+ Concer 
sb.] trans, To deprive of the conception or notion; 
to put (any one) out of the conceit (of something). 

1640 J. Dyke Worthy Commun. 61 An over good conceit 
of a mans owne condition and estate..disconceits a man of 
the necessity of Christ. 

Hence +} Disconcei‘ted ///. a.; + Disconcei'ted- 
ness, the being out of conceit with something. 

1659 D. Pew Jpr. Sea 114 An ill affectedness, and discon- 
ceitedness, both towards good people, and all godly and 
religious exercises. 

+ Disconcert, sd. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + 
Concert sh,: cf. It. sconcerto, for disconcerto, Sp. 
desconcierto, mod.!. déconcert.]| Want of concert or 
concerted action ; disunion, disagreement in action. 

1668 Temrie Let, to Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 II. 113 
Avoid all Pretexts .. of France’s breaking the Business .. 
which I knew they would be strongly tempted to.. by our 
Disconcert for their Defence. 1673 — Observ. Netherl. 
Pref. (Seager), The remainders of their state are .kept alive 
by neglect or-disconcert of their enemies. 1839 Por A/asgue 
Red Death Wks. 1864 I. 341 The waltzers perforce ceased 
their evolutions ; and there was a brief disconcert of the 
whole gay company. 

Disconcert (diskgnsd-1t), v. [a. obs. F. dzs- 
concerter (1611 Cotgr., désconcerté, ‘disordered, con- 
fused ; set awry’), mod.F. déconcerter, f. dis-, dé-, 
Dis- 4+ concerter to ConcERT : cf. It. désconcertare 
‘to vntune ’ (Florio), Sp. desconcertdr ‘ to disagree, 
to break a match, to set at variance’ (Minsheu).] 

1. ¢rans. To put out of concert or harmonious 
action; to throw into confusion, disarrange, de- 
range, spoil, frustrate ; now es. to disarrange or 
upset measures or plans concerted. 

A. Lovett tr. Bergerac’s Com. Hist. 11. 134 The best 
Harmony of the four Qualities may be dissolved .. and 
the loveliest Proportion of Organs disconcerted. 1704 Swirt 
Y. Tub xi. 128 Which a drop of film can wholly disconcert. 
1769 Rosertson Chas. V, V. u. 293 But an unforeseen 
accident disconcerted all his measures. 1818 Jas. MILu 
Brit. India WU. ww. iv. 154 One of the four divisions .. fell 
behind its time, and disconcerted the operations of the re- 
mainder. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 151 This scheme 
was... completely disconcerted by the course which the 
civil war took, F a 

+b. To disturb or displace in material position. 
Obs. rare. , 
1747 Gentl. Mag. 102 His shatter’d leg being cut off, the 
e was disconcerted by the ship’s motion. 2 

2. To disturb the complacency or self-possession 
of ; to confuse, ruffle, ‘ put out’. 

1716 Cottier tr. Panegyrick 59 ‘Tis part of the Devil’s 
business to disconcert our Mind, to ruffle our Humour, and 
blow us up to Rage and Passion. 1752 JoHNSON Rambler 
No, 188 P10 He never .. disconcerts a puny satirist with 
unexpected sarcasms. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 
ut. 606 He would not disconcert or throw me out. 1875, 
err Plato (ed. 2) 1. 482 Are you at all disconcerted, 

‘ebes, at our friend’s objection ? , 

.Hence Disconce'rting f//. @., that disturbs self- 
possession or complacency. 

1807 Barretr A// the Talents (ed. 9) 4x A hundred dis- 


423 


concerting measures mov'd. 1891 R. Kirtinc City Dreadf, 
42. 61 A stolid and disconcerting company is this ring of 
eyed monsters. 1892 Athenxum 2 Apr. 434/2 Curious and 
disconcerting problems relating to human nature. 

Disconcerted (diskfnsa-1téd), f/. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED1.] Disturbed from self-possession ; put to 
confusion; ruffled; ‘put out’. Hence Discon- 
ce'rtedly adv.; Disconce'rtedness, the state of 
being put out. 

1723 Biacxmore //ist. Conspiracy Bija, The Govern- 
ment was more disconcerted and embroil’d. 1752 A. 
Morpny in Gray’s-/nn Frnl. No. 6 ® 8 Florio has an un- 
easy disconcerted Temper. 1752 Miss Tatpor Lett. (1809) 
IL. 80 It is very foolish to look disconcerted in the way 
I have seen you do.. Whence is this disconcertedness? 
1847 Dickens Haunted Man (C, D. ed.) 210 Mr. Williams, 
standing behind the table, and rummaging disconcertedly 
among the objects upon it. 1878 Browninc Poets Cro/sic 
Epil. 8 Our singer For his truant string Feels with discon- 
certed finger. 

Disconcertion (diskgns3-1fan). [irreg. f. Dis- 
CONCEKT v.; after etymological formations like 
insert, insertion.) The action of disconcerting, or 
the condition of being disconcerted; confusion, 

(‘ Disconcertion has the authority of Mr. Curran’ R.) 

(Not in J. or Todd.] 1794 S¢. 7rials, Hamilton Rowan 
(R.), If I could entertain a hope of finding refuge for the 
disconcertion of my mind in the perfect composure of yours. 
1816 J. Scotr Vts. Paris (ed. 5) 31 No embarrassment is 
discoverable ; neither disconcertion nor anger takes place. 
1881 Mem. G. Thomson xii. 176 To his still greater discon- 
certion [he] was asked to make a speech. 

Disconcertment (diskfnss‘1tmént). [f. Dis- 
CONCERT U. + -MENT; perh. after F. déconcertement.] 
The action of disconcerting; the fact or condition 
of being disconcerted. 

1866 Howe.ts Venet. Life vii. 89 House-hunting, under 
the circumstances, becomes an office of constant surprise and 
disconcertment to the stranger. 188x J. HAwTHorNE /oré, 
Fool 1. vii, His disconcertment..seemed to show that there 
was more in the matter than had been suspected. 1890 
Temple Bar Mag. May 2 His disconcertment is written... 
on his features, 

+ Disconclu'de, v. Oés.—° [Dis- 6.] 

x61 FLorio, Disconchindere, to disconclude. 

Disconcord: see Dis- 9. 

+ Discondesce'nd,v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Con- 
DESCEND v.] zt. ‘To withdraw from condescen- 
sion, consent, or compliance. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. 1. (1599) 5 The king .. satisfied 
him in the effect, but not in the manner, plainely declaring 
to Lodowyke that he did not discondescend from the first 
plot_and resolution for the ambassadors. 

+ Discondu‘ce,v. Olds. [f. Dis- 6 + Conpuce 
v.) intr. To be non-conducive Zo. Hence Dis- 
condu‘cing f//. a., non-conducive. 

16.. Donne Serm. xli. 408 Of things that conduce or dis- 
conduce to his glory. 1626 /é7:2. Ixxvii. 782 It were imperti- 
nent. .and disconducing to our owne end to vex. .the Pope.. 

+ Discondu‘cive, ¢. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 10 
+ ConbuCcIvVE, after prec. vb.] Not conducive. 

1819 SEAGER Suppl. Johnson, Disconducive, disadvan- 
tageous, obstructive, impeding, that makes against. 

Disconfeis, -fis, -feit, -fet, etc.: see Discom-. 

+Disconfi'de, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
ConFiDEv.] zztr. To do the reverse of confiding; 
to put no confidence or trust 27. 

1669 WoopuEap St. Teresa i. viii. 50 Placing all my con- 
fidence in his Divine Majesty, and totally disconfiding in 
myself, 

+ Disconfidence. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 9+ 
CONFIDENCE, after prec. vb.] The opposite of 
confidence ; distrust. 

162r Br. Mountacu Diatribe 156 Iosephus doth not 
confidently say it: shew me any such confidence or dis- 
confidence in Iosephus, and I yeeld vnto all the Iewes. 
1799 tr. Diderot’s Nat. Son 11.35 As 1 expected this timidity, 
or rather disconfidence, I had brought with me all your 
letters [etc.]. 

+ Disconfident, «a. Obs. rare—°. Wanting 
in confidence. Hence +Disconfidently adv., 
without confidence. 

1666 J. Serceant Let. v Thanks 74 'To speak dis-confi- 
dently and condescendingly. 

Disconfiture, obs. form of DiscoMFITURE. 

Disconford, obs. form of Discomrort. 

Disconfo'rm, cz. Sc. [f. Dis- 10 + Conrorm 
a., after L. dés-simélis, etc.] Not conformable. 
In Sc. Zaw the opposite of ConForM a. 

1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 120 The forme and proving of 
exception be witnes, is divers, and disconforme to the 
maner of the probation of the libell. 1890 Scoft, Leader 
29 Jan. 4 That they were ‘disconform’ to the spirit of the 
Improvement Act. 1891 Law 7imes XCII. 188/2 It was 
seen conclusively that the wheat was disconform to sample. 

+Disconform, v. Olds. [f. Dis- 6 + Con- 
FORM v.] iztr, To do the opposite of conforming ; 
to disagree or differ in practice. Const. Zo, from. 

ay Hacket Ap. Williams 1. (2692) 212 (D.) That 
they doit only out of crossness to disconform to Awa prac- 
tise. 1678 Norris Cold. Alisc. (1699) 86 Thy Pardon my 
sweet Saint I implore, My soul ne’re disconform’d from 
thine before. - ad 

+ Disconfo‘rmable, ¢. Ods. [f. D1s- 10 + 
CONFORMABLE.] ‘The reverse of conformable ; un- 
conformable ; disagreeing. Const. from, fo. 

1603 Jas. I in Contn. Stow's Chron. (1615) 842/1 As long 
as they are di formable in religion from vs, they cannot 


DISCONNECTEDNESS. 


be but halfe ny Subiects. x171r0 Norris Chr. Prud. vi. 232 
Always disconformable to himself, doing what he would not, 
and not doing what he would and should. 1823 Bentuam 
Not Paul 329 By means disconformaMe to the uniform 
course of nature. 

Disconformity (diskjnfimiti). [f. D1s- 9 
+ Conrormity: cf. Sp. desconformidad disagree- 
ment ; also DisconrorM a.] ‘The opposite of con- 
formity or practical agreement ; nonconformity. 

1602 Secar Hon, Mil. & Civ. it. xliv. 178 The Cardinals 
+. Were seuenteene, whose disconformitie continued the seat 
voyd almost three yeeres. 1639 Srortiswoop //1st. Ch. 
Scotd. 1. (1677) 13 He thus excuses his disconformity with 
Rome in the keeping of Easter. a 1680 J. Corser /7ee 
Actions 1. xvi. (1683) 24 [It] hath necessarily, in the manner 
of it, a disconformity to Gods Law. 1793 Trial Iyshe 
Palmer 16 As to the disconformity in the copy of the In- 
dictment. 1818 Jas. Mint Brit. /ndia 1. 11. v. 186 Practices 
. forced into a disconformity with their ancient institutions. 
1843 Mitt Logic 1. vi. § x Conformity or disconformity to 
usage or convention. 

Disconfort, -fyte, obs. ff. Discomrort, -FIT. 

Discongrwity. 700s. [f. Dis- 9 + Con- 
GRUITY.] ‘The quality of being ‘ discongruous’ ; 
absence of congruity ; disagreement, inconsistency ; 
incongruity. 

1624 Br. Mountacu Gagg 42 Upon Erasmus’ bare word 
who savoured some discongruity of style. 1625 — A//. 
Cesar u. vi. 163 Vhat much discongruity betwixt Hin 
us. 1677 Hare Prim, Orig, Man. 1. vi. 118 ‘The intrinsecal 
discongruity of the one to the other. 1728 Earsery tr. 
Burnet’s St. Dead 1, 80 Vhe Soul forms its absolute Judg- 
ment upon them in itself, by a Congruity and Discongruity 
with its own Nature. a 1806 Br. Worstey Serm. IL. 117 
Internal perceptions of moral fitnesses and discongruities. 

+ Disco'ngruous, z. Obs. vare—'. [f. Dis- 
10 +ConGruous.] Wanting in congruity ; incon- 
gruous; disagreeing. 

1678 Cupwortu /xfel?. Syst. 1. v. 673 Discongruous forms. 

Disconjure, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Consurev.] 
trans. +a. ? To disenchant. Ols. b. To deprive 
of the power of conjuring. 

1651 Howe Lt I entice 191 Ravenous Birds such as these 
are, who stand about me now, to disconjure me with their 
hideous noise. 1837 Carty_e /'7. Rev. 1. v. i, Necker [re- 
turns] to the (Kil-de-Baeuf, with the character of a dis- 
conjured conjuror there,—fit only for dismissal. 

Disconnect (diskgnekt), v. [f. Drs- 6 + Con- 
NECT v.] 

1. ¢rans. To sever the connexion of or between ; 
to disjoin, disunite, separate. Const. wth, from. 

1770 Burke Pres. Discon?. 50 It is not easy to foresee, 
what effect would be, of disconnecting with Parliament the 
greatest part of those who hold civil employments. 
— Let. to Sir H. Langrishe Wks. V1. 317 The Epi 
Church of England, before the Reformation, connected with 
the See of Rome, since then, disconnected and protesting 
against some of her doctrines, and against the whole of her 
authority. 1840 Hoop Uf NAine 224 It was impossible to 
disconnect him with old clothes and oranges. 1854 G. Bb. 
Ricuarpson Univ. Code v. 7591 Disconnect your screw 
propeller. 1892 Law 7imes’ Rep. XVII. 210/1 To dis- 
connect the drains of the defendants from the sewer. 

2. To separate into disconnected or detached 
parts. Ods. exc. in fa. pple.: see DISCONNECTED 2. 

1790 Burke Jr. Rev. (R.), ‘Thus the commonwealth itself 
would. .crumble away, be disconnected into the dust and 
powder of individuality. 18x0 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. 
V. 611 They shall not induce me to disconnect my army. 


Disconne‘ct, 7//. 2. rare—'. [short for next: 
cf. Connect Pp/. a.| = DISCONNECTED. 

1839 Battery /estus xx. (1848) 254 In shadowy glimpses, 
disconnect The story, flowerlike, closes thus its leaves. 

Disconnected (diskfnektéd), p//. a, [f. Dis- 
CONNECT v. + -ED1: but in sense usually privative 
of CONNECTED. ] 

1. Having no connexion (wth something else, 
or with each other) ; detached (from) ; uncon- 
nected, separate. 

1783 Biair Lect. Rhet. xv. (Seager), An allegory .. may 
be allowed to stand more disconnected with the literal 
meaning. 1799 Han. More Jem. Educ. (ed. 4) 1.177 The 
chronology being reduced to disconnected dates, instead of 
presenting an unbroken series. 1831 Jé"estaz, Rev. XIV. 51 
An inland sea, totally disconnected from the ocean. 1865 
Sat, Rev, 12 Aug. 205/2 One [paper] wholly disconnected 
with the county. 1879 D. M. WaLLace Austra/as. ii, 19 
The elevations consisting more frequently of low discon- 
nected hills. ; ; 

b. Without family connexions; not well-con- 


nected: 

1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xvi, A Governess, disconnected, 
poor, and plain. ; é 

2. Destitute of connexion between its parts ; in- 
coherent. (Also ¢vansf. of a speaker or writer.) 

1870 Daily News 10 Oct., The plot is complicated and 
disconnected. 1870 Lowe. Study Wind. (1886) 157 He 
[a lecturer] was disconnected. 

Hence Disconne‘ctedly adv., in a disconnected 
manner; Disconne’ctedness, the quality of being 
disconnected. 

1864 Athenzum No. 1920. 215/3 Accomplished discon- 
nectedly during growth. 1874 Dazly News 26 June 2/1 A 
roar of ‘ Divide!’ arose, which completely drowned his voice 
and lent an appearance of disconnectedness to the general 
tenour of his remarks. 1881 S. Corvin Landor vy, 100 It 
was thus an essential habit of Landor’s mind .. to think in 
fragments and disc dly. 1885 Ath 23 May 
660/3 The style reminds us throughout of that ol Miss 


Thackeray. .by reason of its 


DISCONNECTER. 
Disconnecter, -or (diskjnekta1). [f. Drs- 


CONNECT v. + -ER'.] One who or that which dis- 
connects; an apparatus or device for disconnecting. 

1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 59/t Sewer Disconnectors. 

Disconne‘ctive, 2. [f. Disconnrcr v., after 
connective. Waving the function of disconnecting; 
disjunctive. Hence Disconne’ctiveness. 

1824 J. Gircurist Etym. [nterpr.104 Either. .and Neither 
-:are disconnective. 1870 C. J. Smirn Syn. & Antonyms, 
Aberration, Syn .. Desultoriness, Disconnectiveness, In- 
Consecutiveness. | E : 

Disconnexion, -nection (diskfne*kfon). [f. 
Dis- 9 + CONNEXION, after Disconnect v.] 

The action of disconnecting (vare); the fact or 
condition of being disconnected or unconnected ; 
undoing of connexion; separation, detachment ° dis- 
union. (Const. from, between.) 

1735 Franxun rue Happiness Wks. 1887 I. 423 We 
shall soon see the disconnexion between that and true, solid 
happiness. 1769 Burke Pres. St. Nat, Wks. II. 193 A 
spirit of disconnexion, of distrust, and of treachery among 
public men. 1846 ‘TReNcH Mirac. xxix. (1862) 416 The 
power was most truly his own, not indeed in disconnexion 
from the Father. 1875 Ousetey Harmony iv. 61 An awk- 
ward harmonic disconnection between the 6th and 7th of 
the Scale. 1894 7imes 23 July 6/6 [It] involves the com- 
plete disconnexion of one part of the machinery before the 
other can be brought into working order. 1895 Parkes 
Health 60 By disconnection [of drains] is meant that the 
waste-pipe should discharge by an open end in the outer air. 

1. Want of connexion between the component 
parts ; disconnectedness. 

1815 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. 454 The Iliad has too 
much of the disconnection which offends in the Orlando. 

+ Disco‘nscient, a. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 + Con- 
SCIENT.] Devoid of conscience, unconscientious. 

1640 Lp. J. Dicsy Sf. 7 Ho. Cont. 9 Nov. (1641) 8 Seek- 
ing to remove from our Soveraigne bch unjust Judges, such 
pernitious Counsellours, and such disconscient Divines. 

Disco-nsecrate, v. rare—°.  [f. Dis- 6 + Con- 
SECRATE v.; cf. DECONSECRATE.] ¢rans. To de- 
prive of consecration, to desecrate. 

1864 in Weester. 

+ Disconse'nt, v. Os. [ad. OF. desconsent- 
zr to be at variance with (Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 
+ consentir to agree, accord, CONSENT.] zutr. To 
refuse consent; not to consent; to disagree, dis- 
sent. Const. with, from. 

1530 TinpaLe Answ. More Wks. 307 A man must im- 
mediately loue God and his commaundementes, and there- 
fore disagree and disconsent vnto the fleshe, and be at bate 
therewith. 1 Covernace Eras. Par. Romi. Prol. ttiv, 
For the law declareth that our hertes are bounde and that 
we cannot disconsent from him. 164z Mitton /’rel. Episc. 
18 If. .the tradition of the Church were now grown so ridi- 
culous, and disconsenting from the Doctrine of the Apostles. 

+ Disconse:nt, 56. Ods. [f. prec. vb., after 
ConsEnT sb.] Negation of consent. By his dis- 
consent ; without his consent. 

1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt, Eng. 11. viii. (1739) 52 All which 
was done in the presence of the King, and by Ris disconsent, 
as may appear by his discontent thereat. 

Disconsider (diskfasi‘da1), v. rare. [f. Dis- 
6 + ConsipER v.] trans, To lower in considera- 
tion, bring into disrepute: cf. ConstDER g. 

1887 STEVENSON A/isadv,. ¥. Nicholson i. 3 It was the sort 
of exploit that disconsidered a young man for good with 
the more serious classes. 1889 — Master of B. ii. 53 The 
man was now disconsidered and as good as ree é 

So Disconsidera‘tion, the action of disconsider- 
ing, or fact of being disconsidered ; disrepute. 

1880 T. W. Atiies Life's Decision 238 Its poverty and 
worldly disconsideration. 1883 Stevenson Dynamtiter 190, 
I have now arrived at such a pitch of disconsideration that 
+1 do not know a soul that I can face, 

+ Disco:nsolacy. (és. [f. Disconsonate a.: 
see -ACY.] The state or condition of being dis- 
consolate ; disconsglateness, 

1653 Waternouse A fol. Learning 148 (L.) My repair shall 
be to God. .in all spiritual doubts and disconsolacien, a 1677 
Barrow £.xf. Creed (‘T.), Penury, baseness, disconsolacy. 

Disconsolance, -ancy: see List of Spurious 
Words, 

Disconsolancy is a misreading of Disconsotacy, and dis- 
consolance a dictionary figment deduced therefrom.] 

Disconsolate (diskg:ns01¢t),a. (sb.). [a.med.L, 
disconsolat-us comfortless (Du Cange), f. dzs-, D1s- 
4+L., consdlitus: see ConsoatE ffl. a. Cf, 16th 
c. F. desconsolé, It. sconsolato, Sp. desconsolado.} 

1, Destitute of consolation or comfort ; unhappy, 
comfortless ; inconsolable, forlorn. 

1429 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 145 Rewe on the poore and 
folk desconsolate. 1 Fapyan Chron. v. cxl, 127 Thou 
mother to wretchis other disconsolate. 1594 SreNsER 
A moretti\xxxviii, So I alone, now left disconsolate, Mourne 
to my selfe the absence of my love. 1663 Perys Diary 
19 Oct., The King ..is most fondly disconsolate for her, 
and weeps by her. a1704 T. Brown Two Oxf Scholars 
Wks. 1 7A x disconsolate widow. 1709 STEELE 
Tatler No. 23? 2  Disconsolate soon pitched upon a 
very agreeable Successor. 1863 Lonor. Wayside Inn 1. 
Fale. Ser Fed. xix, She..passed out at the gate With foot- 
step slow and soul disconsolate. 1864 TENNyson En. Ard. 
678 On the nigh-naked tree the robin piped Disconsolate. 

2. Of places or things: Causing or manifesting 
discomfort; dismal, cheerless, pee 

¢1374 Cuaucer 7roylus vy. 542 O paleys desolat!,.O 


424 


paleys empti and disconsolat! 1655-62 GuRNALL Chr. in 
Arm. (1669) 256/2 When the Christians affairs are most dis- 
consolate, he may soon meet with a change. 169% 
Ray Creation (1714) 66 The disconsolate of our 
Winter Nights. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton ix. (1840) 
156 It was..a desolate, di i wild 1 

acautay Hist. Eng. I11. 665 The island..to Frenc’ 
courtiers was a disconsolate place of banish t 

B. as sb. A disconsolate person. 

1781 S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett 111. 14 Raymond, our 
poor disconsolate, the mutual joy of our hearts, 4 : 

+ Disconsolate, v. Oss. [f. prec. adj.: cf. 
ConsoLate v.] ‘rans. To make disconsolate or 
comfortless; to deprive of consolation. Also reff. 

1530 Pasar. 518/r, I disconsolate, I bring out of comfort, 
Je desconsolate. ‘This terme is nat yet comenly used. Who 
hath thus disconsolated hym: gui /a ainsi desconsolaté? 
r60r Yarincton /wo Lament. Traj. u. iii. in Bullen O. PZ, 
IV, Ah, do not so disconsolate your selfe. La Sir T. 
Srarrorp in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. (1888) V. 84 We are.. 
disconsolated when report brings vs the contrarie. 

Hence Disconsolated //. a., rendered or be- 
come disconsolate; Disco’nsolating A//. a. 

a 1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. Spirit (1867) 68 Everything 
that is of a discouraging and disconsolating nature in or 
from the world, 1695 Tryon Dreams § Vis. vi. 64 What 
a disconsolated. .Condition would this be to the soul. ax 
Sterne Serm. IIL. xxv. (R.), A poor disconsolated drooping 
creature, 

Disconsolately (diskp-nsé14tli), adv. [f. Dis- 
CONSOLATE a. +-LY 4.] Ina disconsolate manner ; 
without comfort or consolation. 

1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche xix. Ixxix. (R.), Psyche here 
observ'd a serious maid..Upon the ground disconsolately 
laid. a1717 Parnett Elysium (R.), Frere at asolemn tide, 
the beauties slain.. Through gloomy light .. In orgies, all 
disconsolately rove. 1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. 98 
Formal rows of Pollard Willows standing en by 
the sides of ditches. 1875 Farrar Seekers 1. vi. 75 Peer 
about disconsolately amid insulting smiles. 

Disconsolateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality or state of being disconsolate or desti- 
tute of consolation. 

¢1620 Donne Serm. cxli. (1848) V. 532 In the night of 
disconsolateness, no comfort. 1633 T. Apams E-xf, 2 Peter 
iii. 1o Some shadows of dimness and clouds of disconsolate- 
ness have shed themselves upon our souls. 1754 RicHarp- 
son Grandison (1781) I. iv. 15 He bowed to the very ground, 
with such an air of disconsolateness! 1862 GouLBuRN 
Pers. Relig. 185 The disconsolateness of the dreary twilight, 
as the breeze springs with the daybreak. 


Disconsolation (diskgnsdl2‘fon). [f. D1s- 9 
+ CONSOLATION, after disconsolate. Cf It. sconso- 
/atione (Florio).] The condition of being discon- 
solate; want of consolation, disconsolateness. 

1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 51 Tuning his owne priuate 


disconsolations to the darke gloomy aire. 161a-1§ Br. Hatt | 


Contempl. O. T. xiv. v, The earth yeelded him nothing but 
matter of disconsolation and heavinesse. 1755 Carte /ist. 
Eng. 1V. 210 Yheir doors being shut close ..in a time of 
mourning and disconsolation. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop 
(C. D. ed.) 85 They have had their disconsolation pasted up. 

+ Disconso'latory, ¢. 0s. [f. Dis- 10 + 
ConsoLatory ; after disconsolate.] The reverse of 
consolatory; tending to make or leave disconsolate. 

1654 WarrEN Undelievers 67 Our doctrine is no way dis- 
consolatory to the soules of any. 1659 D. Pett Jpr. Sea 
To Rdr. Div, A restless, unquiet, and disconsolatory Sea, 

+ Disconsonancy. Oés. [f. next: cf. con- 
sonancy.} ‘The quality of being disconsonant ; 
want of consonancy or harmony; incongruity. 

1664 Farxtann Marriage Night u. i. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XV. 125 Madam, there's disconsonancy in the name, me- 
thinks. 1680 R. L’Estrance 7%dly's Offices (1681) 72 In 
Musical Instruments, let them be never so little out of Tune, 
a skilful Ear presently takes Cheque at it: and that’s the 
Case in the least disconsonancy of Life. 


+ Disconsonant, a. Ols. [f. Dis- 10 + 
Consonant a.] The reverse of consonant; out 


of agreement or harmony ; discordant. 

— . Taytor {Water P.) Elegy Bp. Andrewes Wks. 11. 
332/1 He shew'd them. . How far from truth they were dis- 
consonant, 1634 —*Gt., Eater Kent 7 Men, being com- 
pounded and composed all of one mould and mettle, are 
different and di in estates, conditions, and 

ualities, 1674 Hickman Quinguart. Hist.(ed.2) 72 Either 

isconsonant to Scripture, or injurious to God. 1767 Mrs. 
S. Pennincton Lett. UI. 163 A certain arran, nt of 
really disconsonant sounds, 1805 Med, Frnl. XV. 407 A 
train of operations, disconsonant to general experience. 

+ Disconso . Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + Consort 
v.1.] trans. To be out of harmony or at variance 
with. Hence Disconso'rted fa. p//e., out of har- 
mony, at variance. 

1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. ix. 36 Passions disconsorting 
nature [are] punished with payne. /did. 1v. ii. 125 If mens 
words or actions be disconsorted, doubtlesse the soule can- 
not be well disposed. 

Discontent (diskfntent), 54.1 [f. Dis- 9 + 


DISCONTENTATION. 


your peace. Cartyte Chartism i. (1858) 4 What means 
the these tinsemac ards Weckine Cent phe are 
Glac. 1. i, 2 That feeling of intellectual discontent which... 
is Ks! useful as a stimulant. 

+b. Formerly sometimes in stronger sense: 
Displeasure, vexation. Ods. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. vii. § 4 (1873) 54 Some inward 
discontent at the ingratitude of the times. 1678 WaNLeY 
Wond. Lit. World v. i. § 81. 466/2 The Romans abused his 
servants, wh he dep d Rome in great dis. 


iP 


content. — Gi 
e. (with /.) A feeling of discontent or dissatis- 
faction. 

1588 Suaxs. 77+. A. 1. i. 443 Dissemble all your griefes 
eal tora 1659 Rusuw. Hist. Coll. 1. 662 The dis- 
contents of the common people .. were heightened ages 
the powerful men at Court. a@ 1745 Swier Wes. (1841) IL. 37 
It would .. either or si all di 
MeCuttocu 7Vavration 11. i. (1852) 430/1 The means of tra- 
ducing the new gover inflami: lar dis- 
contents. y ; 

+2. ¢ransf. A cause or occasion of discontent or 
dissatisfaction ; a grievance. (Usually in A/.) Ods. 

1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. 1. vii. § 9 (1873) 58 The good ad- 
ministration of justice .. and the ion of di: 

1620 Row.anps Night Raven 25 An ill Liuer is my dis- 
content, 

Disconternt, a. and 53.2 [f. Dis- 10 + Con- 
TENT a.: cf. obs. F. descontent (Godef.), It. discon- 
tento (F lorio).] A. ad}. 

1. Not content; unquiet in mind through havin; 
one’s desires unsatisfied or thwarted ; dissatisfied, 
discontented. Const. with, to with inf. 

1500-20 Dunbar’s Poems (1893) 312 He that wantis ane of 
thir thre, Ane luvar = may neuir be, Bot ay in sum thing 
discontent. a1gss Latimer Serm. & Kem. (1845) 237 Ever 
giving thanks to their Lord God .. discontent with nothing 
that he doth. 1651 Jer. Tayitor Holy Living (1727) 119 He 
.. is discontent and troubled when he fails. 1724 Ramsay 
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 68 Tho’ ilka ane be discontent, Awa’ 
wi’ her I'll gae. 1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 25 He... 
withdrew disconcerted and discontent. KINGLAKE 
Crimea I1. 418 Moving slowly, and as though discontent 
with its fate, the column began to fall back. 

+2. In stronger sense ; Displeased, vexed. Ods, 

b3 Fasyan Chron. 1, v. 12 Lotrinus enamowryd h 
selfe = a fayre wenche named Estrilde .. wherwith his 
wyfe.. beynge sore discontent, excyted her fader and frendes 
to make warre vpon., her husbande. a@1§33 Fritu Another 
Bk. agst, Rastell (1829) 219 Be not discontent with me if 
Task you one question. 1655 Stantey Hist. Philos. 1. (1701) 
fat a That such grave Men should on the stage 

rought. 


'S POP 


B. 54.2 A discontented person or member of a 
body, a malcontent. Now rare. 

1596 Suaxs.1 Hen. JV, v.i. 76 Fickle ee a5 7 and 
poore Discontents. 1653 Dorotny Ossorne Lett. to Temple 
(1888) 169 You would not have been taken for a discontent. 
1695 Temrie /ntrod. Hist. Eng. (Seager) Having over- 
thrown his brother and his army of strangers or discontents, 
1872 Freeman Gen, Sketch xiii. § 2 (1874) 238 There had all 
along been religious discontents among bation mee — 
Sir WV. Harcourt in Scott. Leader 23 Nov. 5 What wou 
he say to them?.. They are only Celts and Irish Papists, 
vulgar discontents, people who would like to have some 
voice in the management of their own affairs. 

Discontent, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Content v.: 
cf. obs. F. descontent-er, -tant-er (16th c. in 
Godef.).] 

1. ¢rans. To deprive of contentment; to make 
unquiet in mind by failing or refusing to satisfy 
desire; to dissatisfy. (Now chiefly in pa. pple. : 
see DISCONTENTED,. ) 

1549 CoverpaLe, etc. Zrasm, Par. 1 Cor. xii. 13 Thou.. 
that ..discontenteste thy selfe, because of the counterfaycte 
glorye of hym, of whom thou haste receyued ne. 
159 Unton Corr. (Roxb.) 100 The French manner of in- 
c ping — me moste. 1623 Hexnam 7ongue- 
Com 22 these pressures were purpose cast 
the people to discontent them. 1666 Pervs Diary (aby ) 
VI. 21 So fearful I am of discontenting a wife. 1794 G. 
Wasuincton Lett, Writ. 1891 XII. a ttempts to dis- 
content the public mind, 1887 Pail Mall G. 23 Mar. 4/t 
The Ameer, .is discontenting his troops by paying them in 
provisions instead of in cash. 

+2. In stronger sense ; To displease, vex, Ods, 
orarch. (See also DisconTENTED 2.) ane 

see DISCONTENTED 2]. 1530 Pasor, 518/1 is 
re Pas please, Je mescont #2) Uhave served You wel 
all my lyfe, and never discontented you by m eee le 
1632 7. aywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 118 Whic as much 
contented the people, as it madded and discontented my hus- 
band. 1878 Simpson Sch. Shaks. 1. 75 The Queen used to 
beat Secretary Cecil about the ears when he discontented her, 
+Discontenta'tion. Os, [f. Disconrent 
v., after CONTENTATION.] 

1. Dissatisfaction; displeasure; =D1sconTENT 
sb.1, DISCONTENTMENT, tera) e 

1528-9 Henry VIII in Fiddes Wolsey u. (1 145 
informed, to our no little marvell and discontentation [etc. 


Content 56., after the vb. and adj. : cf. It. scontent 
for discontento discontentment (Florio 1598).] 

1, The state or condition of being discontented ; 
want of content; dissatisfaction of mind: the 
opposite of content or contentment, 

1591 Srenser M7, Hudberd 898 To wast long nights in 
pensive discontent, 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1,3. 1 Now is 
the Winter of our Discontent Made glorious Summer b: 
this Son of Yorke. 1647 Crarenvon Hist, Reb. 1. (1843) 
31/2 The country full of pride, mutiny, and discontent. 
1720 Gay Prnatoag I. 54 Lose not in sullen discontent 


Arcadia 1. (1622) 215 Rather then my ease 
j aaces soins ha Should breed to her, let me for aye 


be From any ioy, which might her griefe x61 
Sreep Hist. Ge. Brit. 1x. xii. (1632) 687" To the high discon, 
tentation..of the English Subiects. 1759 RoserTson //is?, 
Scot, 11, App. x. 155 For the discon! they have of 


the queen's majesty, 
2. ¢ransf. Something that causes discontent; a 
grievance ; = DISCONTENT Eas 2 ae 
Parsons Chr. Exerc. 1. iii, 291 Who can number the 
une and discontentations, that dailie insue vppon vs, 
from our neighbours? 


DISCONTENTED. 
Disconte'nted, //. a. [f. prec. v. + -ED1.] 


1. Deprived or devoid of contentment ; dissatis- 
fied, unquiet in mind ; marked by or showing dis- 
content; = DISCONTENT a. I. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. IV’, (an. 5) 55 b, Surely there was no 
creature whiche with that war was either discontented or 
displeased. 1595 SHaks. ¥ohn y. i. 8 Our discontented 
Counties doe reuolt. 
are Thousands of Discontented People in Ireland who may 
be apt to Rise. 1725 Pore Odyss. x1. 329 Sullen and sow’r 
with discontented mien. 1783 Watson PAilip J//, 11. (1839) 
89 The troops, discontented with his treatment of them .. 
refused to obey. 1855 Macaucay //ist. Eng. 1V. 519 The 
di d gentry of Cheshire and Lancashire. 

+2. Displeased, vexed. Ods. 

1494 Fasyan Chron, v. Ixxvi.55 With which answere the 
Romaynes beynge sore discontented, made newe warre 

y’ sayd Sicambris. 1568 Grarron Chron. Il. 142 

‘or the which presumption the king was grievously dis- 
contented against the Citie. 1656 StanLey //7st. Philos. 
v. (1701) 169/1 Plato discontented hereat .. [said] he could 
not stay, Dion being used so ignominiously. 

Disconte‘ntedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a discontented manner ; with discontent. 

1588 Tuomas Lat. Dict. (1606), Molesté, grievously, dis- 
contentedly, painefully. 1599 Broughton’s Lett. 47 Violeta 
they bee .. discontentedly malicious, or schismatically fac- 
tious. 1647 Trapp Comm. Rom. vii. 24 We must discon- 
tentedly be contented to be exercised with sin while we 
are here; 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xvi, ‘They may begin, 
my dear’, replied the collector discontentedly. 

Discontentedness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.] 
The quality or condition of being discontented ; 
discontent, dissatisfaction. 

1597 Daniex Civ. Wars vui. iii, For those high purposes 
He conceived in discontentedness. 1653 MANTON £.x/. 
James iii. 14 Envy .. is Discontentedness at another man’s 
good and prosperous estate, 
too What added still more to my discontentedness was, 
that [etc.]._188x Masson Carlyle in Macm. Mag. XLV. 150 
A soul. .whose cardinal peculiarity should be despondency, 
discontentedness, and sense of pain. 

+ Disconte:ntee’. Obs. rare—1.  [f. Discon- 
TENT v. or a. + -EE.] A discontented person; a 
malcontent. 

@ 1734 Nortu Exam. (1740) 55 The Priests. .traded much 
in Conventicles, and among the Discontentees. 

Disconte‘ntful, ¢. arch. [f. Disconrent sé. 
+ -FUL.] Full of discontent ; fraught with or ex- 
pressing discontent. 

1615 Trade's Incr. in Hari. Misc. (Malh.) III. 314 All 
the more discontentful. 1622 W. Wuatetry God's Husd. 
nu. 118 At last .. the smallest imperfections are more dis- 
contentfull, and breed more anguish, then at first the 

test did. a1677 Barrow Serm. (1686) III. xxiv. 277 
iscontentfull murmurings. 

Disconte'nting, v2/. 5d. [f. Discontent v. 
+ -ING1,] The action of the verb Disconten’. 
(In quot. 1633, the cherishing or exhibition of dis- 
content: cf. next, sense 2.) 

Fasyan Chron. vi. clix. 149 Withoute consent or 
knowlege of.. Lewes, and some deale to the discontentyng 
of his mynde. 1593 T. Watson Tears of Fancie v. Poems 
(Arb,) 181 Then — +. Vnto his mother vowd my dis- 


Semeoting. 1633 P. Fiercuer Z/isa u. xi. Poet. Misc. 120 
Religion blames impatient discontenting. 


i scontenting, » ppl. a. [f. as prec. + 
-ING 2,] 

1. That discontents; causing discontent ; + dis- 
pleasing, unpleasant (0ds.) ; dissatisfying. 

1 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 25 That .. which 
in the end .. will be to you most discontenting. 1645 MiL- 
ton Colast. Wks. (851) 368 How eee 4 iscon- 
tenting the society of ly must needs be between those 
whose mindes cannot bee sociable. 1825 CarLyLE Schiller 
M1. (1845) 55 Literature is apt to form a dangerous and dis- 
contenting occupation. di 

+2. Feeling or showing discontent. Ods. 

or taken Stucley 2050 in Simpson Sch, Shaks. (1878) 1. 

ve such ene we 161r SHAKS Wint, 

» IV. iv. 543 And with my best endeauours .. Your dis- 
contenting Father striue to qualifie. 1613 F. Rosarts Keven. 
Gospel 115 That .. not one sower looke, not one discontent- 
ing gesture be observed. 

+ Discontentive, «. Ods. [f. Disconrenr 
% + -IVE; after ConTentTIvE.] a. Feeling or 
showing discontent; inclined to discontent. b. 
Causing or tending to discontent ; unsatisfactory. 

1607 Breton Murmerer, To conceive one discontentive 
thought of his Majestie. 1618 Botton Florus ww. ii. 286 
‘The fight was .. doubtfull for a long time, and disconten- 
tive. 1627-47 Frevruam Resolves 1. xcvili. 444 Pride is 
ever discontentive. 

Disconte‘ntment. [f. Discontent z. (or a.) 
+-MENT, after ConTENTMENT. Cf. obs. F. descon- 
tentement (1553 in Godef.).] 

1. The action or fact of discontenting (rare) ; the 
fact or condition of being discontented ; dissatis- 
faction; =Disconrenr sé.! 1, 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 325 It seemed his discon- 
tentment proceeded chiefly of fears 1580 Proscr. agst. 
Pr. Orange in Phenix (1721) 1. 433 There did.. appear 
some D; of our said Subj 160r HoLLANp 
Pliny I. 457 Seeing what and di ment was 
risen hereupon throughout the city. 1645 Br. Hatt Remed. 
Discontents 7x Discontentment is a mixture of anger, and 

F gris 1720 Stryre Stow’s Surv. (1754) IL. v. xi. 294/2 
Finding : — eeentee and Seen aay oti 
patents of privilege. 1 ARLYLE Schiller 1. (1845) 12 His 
a him internally. = 

OL, . 


LI, 


1672 Essex Papers (Camden) 10 Ther 


1764 Men. G. Psalmanazar | 


425 


+b. Displeasure, vexation; =D1sconrent sé.1 
Ib, Obs. 

1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 242 The newe 
baptised .. wept bitterly, with discontentment to see how 
[etc.]. 1600 HoLtann Livy xxxvilt. liii, 1017 With words of 
indignation, testifying his discontentment for this course and 
manner of proceeding. a 1639 W. WuateLey Prototypes 
1. xvi. (1640) 159 So transported with discontentment against 
a parent for some sharpenesse, as even to hate him. 1659 
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 221 This War .. expired .. 
1648 to the .. great discontentment of the French, who had 
much reason to be angry at [the peace]. 

e. with Z/. A feeling or instance of discontent- 
ment or dissatisfaction; = Disconrent sd.) 1. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1.iv, No shadow of matter for 
teares, discontentments, griefes, and vncomfortable pas- 
sions. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawrtn. //ist. Scot. (36s5) 46 He 
nourished discontentments in all parts. 1724 T. Ricuers 
Hist. R. Geneal. Spain 156 The Discontentments which 
. subsisted between Berengaria and the House of Lara. 

+2. transf. A cause or occasion of discontent- 
ment; a grievance; = Disconrent 50.1 2. Ods. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 37 Thinke you not 
that I have already received discontentment enough? 
1627-36 Fertuam Resolves 1. ii. 5 ‘The best way to perish 
discontentments, is either not to see them, or convert them 
to a dimpling mirth. 

+ Disconti‘gue, a. Sc. Obs. [f. Dis- 10 + 
ContiGuE.] = Disconricuous. 

1538 in Balfour Practicks (1754) 175 (Jam.) Landis lyand 
discontigue fra uther landis. 1609 Skene Keg. Maj. Forme 
of Proces 125 Gif the lands lyes within sundrie Schiref- 
domes. .or gif they ly in any ane of them, discontigue. 

Discontiguiity. [f. Dis- 9 + Coyricuiry.] 
The quality of being discontiguous ; discontinuity 
or isolation of parts. 

1676 H. More Remarks 60 A Discontinuity or Discon- 
tiguity of matter. /éd. 140 Not because there is any more 
fear then of discontiguity or a vacuum. 

Disconti‘guous, ¢. Sv. [f. Dis- 10 + Con- 
TIGUOUS.] Not contiguous, not in contact; con- 
sisting of parts not in contact. 

1792 Statist. Acc. Scot. V1. 222 Tarland is one of the 
most disjoined and discontiguous parishes in Scotland. 
1793 J. Mitt Diary (1889) 163 Parcelled out in discontigu- 
ous plots. 1861 W. Bett Dict, Law Scot. s.v. Dispensa- 
tion, Where heritable subjects lay locally discontiguous .. 
a clause of dispensation was sometimes inserted. JZod. 
Cromarty is the typical example of a discontiguous shire. 

Discontinuable, 2. zave—". [f. Discoy- 
TINUE UV. +-ABLE.] Capable of being discontinued. 

1846 in Worcester. 

+ Disconti‘nual, a. Ols. Also 5 dys-, -tyn-, 
celle. [f. Dis- 10+ ConvTINuAL.] 

1. =Discontinvovs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vit. xxxvi. (1495) 251 The 
cause and the solucion of all rootyd feuers is knowe in 
generall whether thei ben contynuall or dyscontynuall. 
¢ 1430 Art Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 13 Of progressioun one 
is naturelle or contynuelle, pat ober broken and discon- 
tynuelle. 1611 Fiorio, Déscontinuo, discontinuall. 

b. Math. Said of proportion ; = DISCONTINUED. 

1557 RecorveE Whetst. Cij b, When I saie thus: as 5. is 
to 15. so 6. is to18. Here is a triple proportion, but not 
continualle .. And therefore it is called a proportion dis- 
continualle. 1570 Brttincstey Euclid v. def. vii. 131 
Proportionalitie, is of two sortes; the one is continuall, the 
other is discontinuall. 1706 in Pxituirs (ed. Kersey). 

Discontinuance (diskgnti‘nizins). Also 4-5 
dys-, -tyn-, 4-6 -aunce. [a. AF, dzscontinuance, 
f. F. discontinuer to DISCONTINUE: see -ANCE.] 

1. The action of discontinuing or breaking off; 
interruption (temporary or permanent) of continu- 
ance; cessation; intermission. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vitt. xxviii. (1495) 341 
Shynynge comyth of lyght wythout mynisshynge of lyght 
and..wythout dyscontynuaunce therof. 1489 Caxton 
Faytes of A.1. viii. 20 The romayns in lyke wyse .. lefte on 
a tyme thexcercyte of armes, whiche by theyr discontynu- 
aunce they were by hanybal .. desconfyted. 1598 BARRET 
Theor. Warres 1. i. 31 My fiue or six yeares discontinu- 
ance from action. 1603 Wotas Plutarch's Mor. 651 
And not suffer the auncient custome .. by use and discon- 
tinuance to be utterly neglected. 1726 Lront Adberti’s 
Archit. Il. 105/1 At the distance of every hundred foot the 
line is broken off by a kind of transverse step, which makes 
a discontinuance in the layer, 1809 WELLINGTON in Gurw. 
Desp. 1V. 455 The cause of the discontinuance of the works 
at Lisbon. 1875 Lyedl’s Princ. Geol. II. ut. xl. 402 A large 
proportion of them would perish with the discontinuance 
of agriculture. 1886 Wittis & CLarK Cambridge I. 307 
‘The discontinuance of an external stringcourse. 

+b. Solution of continuity, want of cohesion of 
parts; disruption. Ods. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 24 If there bee no Remedy, then they 
[stillicides of water] cast themselues into round Drops; 
Which is the Figure that saueth the Body most from Dis- 
continuance, . 

+e. Math. Of proportion: The condition of 
being discontinued or not continued. Ods. 

1570 Bitiincsiey Lucéid v. def. vii. 131 By reason of the 
discontinuaunce of the proportions in this proportion- 
alitie. 

+2. A (temporary) ceasing to dwell or be present 
in a place; absence. Ods. 

1604 R. Cawprey 7adle Alph., Discontinuance, absence. 
1633 Heywoop Exg. Trav. m1. Wks. mes IV. 59 Hee writes 
mee heere, That at my discontinuance hee’s much grieu’d. 
@1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 42 They quote him 
for a person..of too often recesses, and discontinuance 
from the Queens presence, 1677 S. Herne Domus Car- 


DISCONTINUE. 


thusiana 188 Their time of discontinuance is usually 
excepted in the Certificate. 

13. Zaw. In the old law of real property: An 
interruption or breaking off of a right of posses- 
sion, or right of entry, consequent upon a wrongful 
alienation by the tenant in possession for a larger 
estate than he was entitled to. Ods. 

This could regularly happen only in the case of a feoff- 
ment to a stranger by a tenant in tail in possession. The 
heir in tail had then no right to enter upon the land and 
turn out the intruder, but had to resort to the expensive 
course of asserting his title by process of law (Sir F. Por- 
Lock Land Laws (ed. 2) 80). 

[1304 Vear-bk 32-3 Edw. /, 255 (Godef.) L’estatut ne fet 
mye mencioun de continuaunce ne de discontinuaunce. } 
1494 Act 11 Hen. V/1, c. 20 All such Recoveries, Discon- 
tinuances, Alienations..be utterly void. 1574 tr. Littdeton's 
Tenures 1158. 1898 Kitcnin Courts Leet (1675) 308 
A Grant without Livery doth not make a discontinuance. 
1768 BLackstone Com. U1. 171 The injury of discontinu- 
ance, 1892 H. W. Cuattis Law Real Prop. (ed. 2) 79 
A discontinuance .. was the result of certain assurances 
which, by the common law, had a tortious operation, 
whereby, under certain circumstances, one person might 
wrongfully destroy the estate of another; or rather, inter- 
rupt and break off the right of possession, or right of entry, 
subsisting under that estate, without any assent or daches 
on the other’s part.. The word discontinuance properly 
denotes this ¢aaning of an estate to a right of action. 

4. Law. The interruption of a suit, or its dis- 
missal, by reason of the plaintiff’s omission of 
formalities necessary to keep it pending. 

1540 Act 32 Hen, VIII, c. 30. § 1 Any miscontinuance 
or discontinuance or misconueiyng of process. 1607-72 
Cowett s. v., The effect of Discontinuance of Plea or 
Process, when the instant is lost, and may not be regained, 
but by a new Writ to begin the Suit a fresh. 1613 Sir 
H. Fincu Lav (1636) 431 If the Plaintife do nothing, it is 
called a discontinuance: if any errour bee in the continu- 
ing, as by awarding a Caféas where a distresse should bee, 
it is Called a miscontinuance. 1638 SANDERSON Serm. I]. 
102 ‘The devil .. is an unwearied sollicitor, and will not lose 
his claim by discontinuance. 1884 Law 7vmes Rep. 10 May 
322/1 What the plaintiff has done amounts to a discon- 
tinuance of his original action. 

+ Discontinuate, f//. a. Os. [ad. med.L. 
discontinudat-us, pa. pple. of discontinuare to Dis- 
CONTINUE: see -ATE.] Discontinued, discontinuous. 
So Disconti-nuated ///. a. 

1625 N. Carrenter Geog. Del. 1. ii. (1635) 24 Continuate 
and diuisible things cannot bee made out of such things as 
are meerely discontinuate and indiuisible. 1641 WiLkINS 
Mercury vi. (1707) 26 Placing [the words] .. in four Lines, 
and after any discontinuate Order. 1666 G. Harvey Moré. 
Angi, viii. 70 A Disease of discontinuated Unity. 

Discontinuation (diskgnti:niz)Zifan). [a. F. 
discontinuation (14th c. in Littré), ad. med.L. d7s- 
continuation-em, n. of action f. déscontinuare to 
DisconTINvE: cf, Conrinuation.] 1. The action 
of discontinuing. a. = DISCONTINUANCE I. 

1611 Cotcr., Discontinuation, a discontinuation or dis- 
continuing. 1649 Adcorax 185 The righteous shall enjoy 
eternally the delight of Paradise without discontinuation. 
1736 Entick Proposals Chaucer's Wks. 1 Gentlemen need 
not fear to be imposed upon by a Discontinuation of this 
Work. 1862 T. A. Trottope Afarietta I. ii. 25 The dis- 
continuation of the houses. 1880 Contemp. Rev. July 164 
No one ever dreams of the discontinuation of the race. 

b. Solution of continuity ; = DIscoNTINUANCE I b. 

a1727 Newton (J.), Upon any discontinuation of parts, 

made either by bubbles or by shaking the glass, the whole 
mercury falls. mae 

2. concr. A breach or interruption of continuity. 

1728 Morcan Algiers I. vi. 188 Pumps [shoes] in very bad 
order at the Sides, with some discontinuations in the Upper 
Leathers. 

+3. =DIScONTINUANCE 3. Ods. (? error). 

172t Baitey, Discontinuation [of Possession]. 

Discontinue (diskfnti-niz),v. Also 5-6 -tyn-, 
-ew. [a. I’. déscontinue-r (14th c. in Littré), ad. 
med.L. discontinua-re, f. Dis- 4 + conténeidre to 
Continue. ] I. ¢rans. 

1. To cause to cease ; to cease from (an action 
or habit) ; to break off, put a stop to, give up. 

1479 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 414 King Edwarde the thirdde.. 
exemptid the saide maires, and discontynewed theym, to 
feche their saide charges at the castell yate of the foresaide 
Constable. 1553 Acf 1 Mary 3rd Sess. c. 7. § 1 Many good 
Clothiers... have been enforced to leave off and clearly 
discontinue their Cloth-making. 1633 EArt Mancu. Ad 
Mondo (1636) 95 It doth not disanull, but discontinue life. 
1692 LutrreLt Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 589 The queen hath 
been pleased to order that the monthly fast should for the 
present be discontinued. 1726 Adv, Capt. R. Boyle 140 
[He] begg’d that he would discontinue his Visits. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 33 They never discontinue their 
work on account of the darkness. 1893 Law 7imes XCV. 
5/2 Persons who had been customers discontinued their 
custom, ; r 

b. ellipt. To cease to take or receive, give or 
pay; to give up, leave off. 

Mod. 1 shall discontinue the newspaper at the end of the 
year, He has discontinued his subscription to the Society. 

+2. To cease to frequent, occupy, or inhabit. 

14.. Mann. & Househ. Exp. 555 Mowe I be ryte well ., 
loged here, 3ete I wol nat desskontenew that kontery, bote 
some tyme ther and some tyme here as schal plese me beste. 
1596 Suaks. Merch. V. ut. iv. 75 Men shall sweare I haue 
discontinued schoole Aboue a twelue moneth. 1599 — 
Much Ado v. i. 192, I must discontinue your companie. 
1645 Evetyn Jem. (1857) I. 166 A great city..now discon- 
tinued and demolished by the frequent eart sone: A 


DISCONTINUE. 


3. Law. a. To dismiss or abandon (a suit, etc.). 
pes ae V1, c. 10 Yf..the seid writte of errour 
pape mer in defaute of the partie, oe ba 31 £liz, 
c.1. 1607-72 Co Spy s. v. Discontinuance, To be discon- 
tinued, and to be put size die, is all one, and nothing else 
but to be dismis finally the ‘Court. 1704 LurtReLL Bricf 
= cot ft?) | V. sor Yesterday the lords adjourned .. having 
iscontinued the writt of error ree by Dr. ‘Watson 

pKa having not assign'd errors in due time. 1848 WHARTON 


Law Lex. s.v. Discontinuance, A rule to discontinue is | 


obtained by a plaintiff when he finds that he has miscon- 
ceived his action. 189 
of defence the Taine discontinued his action. 


x Law Times XC 473/1 After delivery | 


+b. To alien land in such a manner as operates 


to the ‘ discontinuance’ of the heir in tail. Ods. 
7495 Actix Hen.VII, c,60 Preamb., The seid John Mayne 
in his lyf discontinued dyvers londes and tenementis whiche 
were intailed to him and to his Auncestres. 1574 tr. Litt/e- 
ton's Tenures 32 b, The continuance of the tenancye in the 
tenaunte and in his bloode by the alyenacion is discontinued. 
@ 1626 Bacon Max, § Uses Com. Law ix. (1636) 37 If tenant 
in taile discontinue, and the discontinuee make a lease for 
life. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 255 A fine is one of those 

assurances by which an estate tail may be discontinued. 
To break the continuity of; to interrupt, 


disrupt, sunder. Ods. 

1529 More Com/. agst. Trib.1, Wks. 1154/1 A man hathe 
greate cause of feare and heauines that continueth alway 
stil in welth, discontinued wyth no tribulacion. 1660 Boye 
New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxvii.310 By heating a lump of Crys- 
tal..and quenching it in.. Water, it would be discontinu’d by 
+-a multitude of Cracks. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C.149 This 
bank of Earth .. is discontinued by seven .. breaks or aper- 
tures. .by which the Lagune communicate with the gulf. 
1678 Cupwortn /nfell. Syst. 814 Solid bodies .. being once 
discontinued, are not easily consolidated together again. 
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Disease, ‘The bones, and flesh 
-. may . discontinued by fractures, and contusions. 

II. intrans. 


5. To cease to continue; to cease, stop. 


1555 Even Decades 33 Leaste theyre handes shulde dis- | 


continewe from sheadinge of bludde. 1568-9 Act 11 Eliz. 
(in Bolton Stat. /rel. (1621) 318) The O Nevles and other 
of the Irishrie..tooke opportunitie to withdraw from their 
duetie of allegeance. .and so discontinued uncontrolled untill 
the foure and thirtieth yeare of .. King Henry the eight. 
1580 Baret A/v. D792 To discontinue a while from labour. 

+b. To be cut off or severed from ; to cease to 
reside; to be absent. Oés. 

x6rr Biste Fer, xvii. 4 And thou, euen thyselfe, shalt dis- 
continue from thine heritage that I gaue thee. 1677 S. 
Herne Domus Carthusiana 188 They have liberty .. to 
discontinue two months in a year. 

+6. To cease to be continuous ; to become dis- 


rupted. Obs. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 24 Stillicides of Water .. will Draw 
themselues into a small thread, because they will not discon- 
tinue. 

Discontinued (diskfnti-nivd), ps7. a. [f. prec. 
vb. + -ED!.} Broken off, interrupted, stopped ; 
made not continuous in time or space. 

Discontinued proportion: see quot. 1827, and cf. Con- 
TINUED 4a. 

1561 IT. Norton Ca/vin’s Inst. 1.16 He deceiued silly men, 
and hath oft tymes vsed discontinued phrases, that vnder 
such visor he might hide his deceites. 1599 Hakiuyt Voy. 
Il. 1. 137 (R.) By renewing of the foresayd discontinued 
trade. 1624 N. De Lauvetr. Due Moulin's Logick 13 Number 

may be counted by it selfe.. but continued quantitie cannot 
be measured but by the helpe of the discontinued quantity. 
1728 PemBerton Newton's Philos. 155 This is the case of 
discontinued fluids, 1748 Ricuarvson Clarissa (1811) VII. 
302 I'll see if the air, and a discontinued attention will help 
me. 1827 Hutton Course Math, 1. 113 When the difference 
or ratio of the consequent of one couplet, and the antece- 
dent of the next couplet, is not the same as the common dif- 
ference or ratio of the couplets, the proportion is discon- 
tinued. So 4, 2, 8, 6, are in discontinued arithmetical pro- 
portion. 

Hence Disconti‘nuedness, the quality of being 
discontinued ; interruptedness. 

1727 in Batey vol, II. 

Discontinuee (diskfnti:niz,7). In 6 -tinue. 
[f. DisconTINUE v. +-EE: corresp. in form to F. 
discontinué pa. pple.] One to whom an estate is 
aliened to the ‘discontinuance’ of the heir in tail. 

4 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 121 a, If the tenaunte in the 

le discontinue the taile, and after he disseiseth his discon- 
pe @ 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law ix. (1636) 35 
‘The Feme takes another husband, who takes a feoffement 
from the discontinuee to him and ‘his wife. 1642 Perkins 
Prof Bk. 7- 171 If the issue in taile doth disseise the 
discontinuee Hie Father of the land entailed. 1818 Cruise 
st V. 186 He afterwards d d the 

“Macouti'nnar: [f. DisconTinvE v. +-ER 1.] 
One who discontinues. +b. esf. One who discon- 
tinues his residence or attendance; an absentee. 

@ 1613 Oversury Characters, Puritane Wks. (1856) 80 He 
ever pra’ inst non residents, but is himselfe the 

est discontinuer, for he never keepes near his text. 16 
in Lana’s Rem, U1. 174 (T.) The new statutes at Oxfor 
permit none but those who .. reside there to take degrees. . 
so that many discontinuers cannot in so short a time proceed 
as formerly. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 11. iii. § 16 He was no 

:, Discontinuer from his Convent, for a long time. 1655 — 
~~ Camb, 166 M. Bernard, a Discontinuer, and Lecturer 

Sepulchers in London. 


nti'n , vdl. sb, [f. as prec. +-ING1.] 

The action of the verb DISCONTINUE ; cessation, 
interruption, 

1611 Corcr., Disc di: or discon- 


a 
tinuing. H. aes tr. pape de s Trav. ee (1653) 224 
All these pilgrims, which..are all the year long without dis- 


426 


continui: a1715 Burnet Own Times (R. 
so many hicontanings, and so many new ren kr hag 


+ Disconti-nuingly, adv. Obs. rare. [fe dis dis- 
continuing pr. pple. + -LY *.] In a discontinuing 
manner ; without continuance. 


DISCORD, | 


| conienkjei its Satlonl pene, thes Cian ants 
| turpitude or a Moral necessity. 

| $2. ‘Unfitness, unsuitableness, a. Sis (The 
— = Goreng thet 5b. 4.) Obs, 

ink: YDG. fe hooks is a maneer 


1611 Corcr., Discontinuément, di inuingly, i ious, A kyng to pleyne In- 
siuely, by stops, with interruptions, re digence, Outhir in desirs to been Avaricions 1598 FLorio 
Discontinuity (diskpntiniz iti). [f med.L. | Scounenenolessa, disconuenience, 


type cramer ier f. discontinu-us: seenext and 
-Ity. Cf. F. discontinutté (1775 in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

The quality or state of being discontinuous ; 
want or failure of continuity or uninterrupted 
sequence ; interrupted condition. 

1570 Der "Math Fb 9 35 The =! will not be extended, to 
discontinuitie. ACON Sy va § 846 The Second is the 
Stronger or W; Pricey a in Bodies, to Continuitie, and 
to flie Discontinuitie. Cueyne Eng. Malady 1. x. § 4 
(744) 97 Nature seems pi y to have ie proper Juices 

ILup the any are A {in wounds]. 874 L. STEPHEN 
Hours in Library (1892) 1. ix. 329 He cain rom one con- 
ception to the other reg i the smallest consciousness of 
any discontinuity. 189; 3 I. Putsrorp Loyalty to Christ I. 

77 We are at the foot of the ladder, and they at the top; 
— they know there is no discontinuity between lowest and 

ighest. 

b. with a and f/. A break or gap ina structure. 

1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. 11. 413 The spots may also be 
. .temporary holes, or discontinuities in the luminous meteor. 
1835 R. H. Froupe Xe. (1838) I. 408, I see such jumps and 
discontinuities as make me despair of ever being intelligible. 

@. spec. in Math. said of a function or its varia- 
tion: see DISconTINUOUS. 


Discontinuo:r. Zaw. [f. DisconTinveE v. + 
-or.] The tenant in tail whose alienation of an 
estate has caused a discontinuance. 

1768 Biackstone Comm. I11. 178 The law will not suppose 
the discontinuor to have aliened the estate without power so 
to do, and therefore leaves the heir in tail to his action at 
law, and permits not his entry to be lawful. 

Discontinuous (diskfnti‘niz,as), a. [f. med. 
L.. discontinu-us (in F. discontinu), f. Dis- 4 + 
continuus ; see CONTINUOUS.] (Not in Johnson. ) 

+1. Producing discontinuity ; ; breaking continuity 
between parts; gaping. Ods. 

1667 Mitton P. L. v1. 329 So sore The griding sword with 
discontinuous wound Pass’d through him. 1703 J. Puruirs 
Splendid Shilling (T.), A horrid chasm, disclos'd with orifice 
Wide, discontinuous, 

2. Not continuous in space or time; characterized 
by want of continuity; having interstices or breaks; 
interrupted, intermittent. 

1718 Rowe tr. Lucan ut. 755 (Seager) Towers, engines, all 
come thundering to the ground ide spread the discon- 
tinuous ruins lie. 1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr, Stones 32 In 
which case the stones would be discontinuous and appear 
like little stones. 1832 Nat. Philos., Electro-Magnet. xi. 
§ 176 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) When the conductors are imper- 
fect, the currents are discontinuous. 1880 A. R. WALLACE 
Jst. Life 13 This is one of the best cases ..of the discon- 
tinuous distribution of a species. 1883 Sir ip W. Currty in 
Law Rep. 26 Ch. Div. 442 A right of way..is a discontinuous 
easement, because a man is not always walking in and out 
of his front door. ; Z 

3. Math. Discontinuous function: one that varies 
discontinuously, and whose differential coefficient 
may therefore become infinite: opp. to continuous 

Junction (see CONTINUOTS 3). 
1837 Banpace Bridgew. Trea’, iii. 59 note, Every law so 
imagined might be interrupted by any discontinuous func- 
tion. 1845 Cavey /nverse Elliptic Funct., Analytically 
discontinuous, 1881 Maxwet. Eiectr. § Magn. 1. 8 The 
first derivatives of a continuous function may be discontin- 
uous. 1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th, Electr. §& Magn. 
I. 50 If p, the density of matter, be finite in any portion of 
space, the first differential coefficients of cannot be dis- 
continuous in that portion of space. 
Discontinuously, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.) 
In a discontinuous manner; without continuity. 
1836 De MorGan Dif. & Integr. Calculus 626 Those [series] 
which can become divergent, or as near divergency as we 
please, never are discontinuously connected with different 
functions ; that is, never represent one function for a value 
of x between one pair of limits, and another for values be- 
tween another pair. 1874 Lewes Probl. Life & Mind 1. 177 
All the phenomena constituting the external ciey ny to us 
are p lisc 1881 Sporriswoopk in Vature 
No. - 624. 570 The effect of this i is to discharge the electricity 
discontinuously, 

Disconti‘nuousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
A discontinuous condition; want of continuity. 

86s. Grote Plato I. ii. 97 ‘The advocates of absolute 

plurality and discontinuousness. H. Drummonp Nat, 
Law in Spir. W. (ed. 2) 43 Is an this another instance of 
the discontinuousness of Law ? 

Disconve'nience, s/. Obs. exc. dial. [ad. 
L. disconvenientia (Tertull. ¢ 200), f. disconventent- 

em; see DISCONVENIENT and -ENcE. Cf. F, dis- 
convenance, Pr, and Sp. dis-, desconveniencia,] 

+1. Want of agreement or correspondence ; in- 
congruity, inconsistency. (The opposite of Con- 
VENIENCE sb, 1.) Ods. 


3. Inconvenience, incommodity, disadvantage ; 
(with f/.) something inconvenient, an inconveni- 
ence. (The opposite of CONVENIENCE sd. 5-7.) 
Obs. exc. dial, 

1553 GRIMALDE Cicero’. A eed to Rdr. Yasha nny | 
of annoyaunce and d light and 
eye by morall doctrine. 1566 5 fotos Pal. Pleas. rg 
183 What tormentes be in love, what travailes in pursute . . 
what disconveniences. 1615, ip ent od Satyr. [ se 202 
Hee. .lookes to the d pete 
getts by possession. 1645 Quares. Sol. Sue un. es hat 

rm, what disconvenience lies In being foole? what vant- 
age to be wise? Fi se ine Jamigson, Dimenpeukance,tanon 
venience. Aderd. 

Disconvernience, v. dial, [f. prec.: ef. 
CONVENIENCE v.] trans. To put to inconvenience; 
to inconvenience. 

1825-80 J AmiEson, Di: ience, to put toi rt 
[Aberd.] x Crockett Raiders xviii, 159 Sand had no 
cloak..yet he did not appear in the least disconvenienced. 

+ Disconve'niency. Oés. [f. L. disconveni- 
entia: see Teasennece and -ENcy.] Thequality 
of being disconvenient ; = DISCONVENIENCE sé. 

1621 Br. Mountacu Diatribe 42 The disconueniency or 
inconueniency of the duty commanded. 1640 Br, ReyNops 
Passions 39 The natural mig or disconveniency 
which it bg a to the faculty. . VAUGHAN Anima 
Magica 7 None but God .. foresaw ey Conveniencies and 
Disconveniencies of his Creatures. 

Disconvenient, a. Os. exc. dial. [ad. L. 
disconvenient-em, pr. pple. of disconvenire to dis- 
agree, be inharmonious or inconsistent, f. Dis- 4 + 
convenire to agree, suit: see CONVENIENT.] 

+1. Not in accordance (with), not consonant (0), 
incongruous ; unsuitable, inappropriate, (The op- 
posite of CONVENIENT 1-4.) Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xv. (2495) 356 That tyme 
is moost dysconuenyent and vascuniyre Ze to medycyne. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 49 chose that is con- 
uenyent for our nature, to eschewe & flee all that is dis- 
conuenient to the same, 1660 R. Coxe Justice Vind. 39 
Actions convenient or disconvenient with ti nature. 

2. Inconvenient, disadvantageous. (The opposite 
or CONVENIENT 6. ) Obs. exe. dial. 

tr. De Imitatione mu. liv, Suche binges as semep to 
the disconuenient & lest Ago ang 1538 Starkey England 
1. iv. 140 Such pryuylege at the fyrst ig of the 
Church .. were veray expedyent .. no les fos now 
| dysconuenyent. - Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 
| 132 To continue as I am, is for many discon- 
venient unto me. 1825-80 Jamieson, Disconvenient, incon- 
| venient. [(Aderd. ~ 
i mventicle: see Dis- 7b. 
| Discophoran (diskg-forin), a. and sb. a, 
[f mod.L, Discophora, pl. neut. of disc 3 


| Gr B.oxepdpos bearing the discus “ening discus, 
+ -popos bearing), taken in sense ‘ adisk’.] 
A. adj. 1, Belonging to the subclass hora 
of Hydrozoa, comprising the jelly oe Be- 
longing to the order Discophora of suctorial worms, 
synonymous with /7irwdinea or leeches. 
B. sb. One of the Dzscophora (in either sense). 
Also Discophore (di*skof6e1). 
1878 Beit meer Comp. Anat, 98 Forms .. closely 
the Discophora. 


“Disc to the larve of 
jus (diskp‘féres),a. Zool. [f. mod. 
L. ape hor-us (a. Gr. Bioxopépos : see prec.).] 

1. Having an umbrellar disk, as a jelly-fish: see 
prec. A. 1, 2. Havinga suckin g-disk, as a leech : 
see prec, A. 2, 3, Of or pertaining to the Drsco- 
phora. 


_ 1879 G. ALLEN Co/, Sense iii, 28 The. .conjectural limit of 
rous vision, 


| | Discoplacental, etc.: see D1sco-. 

Discord (diskgid), sd. Also 3-4 des-, 4-5 
dys-. [ME. des-, discord, a. OF. descord, descort 
(12th c.), discord, -cort Oe os c.), bal sb. f. 
descorder: see DisconD 9. also des-, 
discorde (ad. L. discordia), ahha ME. spell- 
ing discorde,] 

1. Absence of concord or harmony (between per- 
sons); disagreement of opinions and aims; variance, 
<a strife, 


fo og eet po i sony (Cat) 


of ham 
iscord, ¢ Mivnean te 3 Thel weren 

at ep or for pgp he ms ye 

Prov. ate Brit he es 


€1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1844) 82 Where faileth 
. disconuenience. a 1619 Fotuersy A theom. 11, iii, § 2 (1622 
A necessary disconuenience, where any thing is allow 

0 cause of it selfe. 1656 Hopnes Liberty, etc, (1841) 87 

Fear ariseth many times out of natural antipathies, but in 

these disconveniences of nature deliberation hath no place 

atall, 1660 R. Coxe Justice Vind. 39 The dictate of right 

reason, shewing to any action, from its convenience or dis- 


Suaks. Lee Og a v. 6 
For what is wedlocke Trged Ph mee H 
and continuall strife. evi 3 
two Barones were at Cg 2 discord about tl een 
Noble woman. 1779-81 Jounson L. Pt Fenton Men oe 
bs ap om ed ree Kinestey Ma ‘ee Tryi 
more t interest. isc. (1 23 rying 
to sow discord between man and man, class and class. 


DISCORD. 


b. personified. : 

1667 Mitton P. L. x. ror Discord first, Daughter of Sin, 

among th’ irrational, Death introduced. 1784 Cowrer Zask 

IV. 1 , arbitress of such debate, 1832 ‘TeNny- 
son Love Thou me Land 68 Regard gradation, lest the Soul 

Of Discord race the rising wind. 

Apple of discord: see ArrLe 5. 

2. Want of agreement or harmony (between 
things) ; diversity, difference. ; 

: 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 1V. 35 (Matz.) Pis seventy. . 
translated pe lawe wipoute discorde of wordes ober of 
menynge. 1520 Carton’s Chron. Eng. w. 37/1 For the 
dyscorde of the paschal tyme he called a counsell in Alex- 
ander. 1 Suaks. Mids. N. v. i. 60 Merry and tragicall.. 
How shall wee finde the concord of this discord? 1608-11 
Br. Hatt Aedit. & Vowes 11. § 49 Nothing makes so strong 
and mortall hostility, as discord in religions. 1732 Pore 
Ess. Man 1. 291 All Nature is but Art, unknown to thee 
.-All Discord, Harmony not understood. @ 1806 Br. Hors- 
Ley Serm. IL. xxxix. (R.), The discordance of these errors 
is mistaken for a discord of the truths on which they are 
severally grafted. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 
II. 1041/1 The relations of the Church to the government 

len..were entirely at discord with his own views. 

3. Mus. (The opposite of ConcorD.) a. Dis- 
agreement or want of harmony between two or 
more musical notes sounded together; dissonance. 
b. A combination of two or more notes not in 
harmony with each other; a chord which by itself 
is unpleasing or unsatisfactory to the ear, and re- 
guires to be ‘resolved’ or followed by some other 
chord. ¢@. The interval between two notes forming 
a discord; any interval except the unison, octave, 
perfect fifth and fourth, major and minor thirds, 
and major and minor sixths (and the octaves of 
these), d. A single note which is dissonant with 
another,.or with the other notes of a chord. 

e1440 Promp. Parv. 122/t Dyscorde yn songe, disso- 
nancia. 1579 E. K. in Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Ep. Ded. § 1 
Oftentimes a dischorde in Musick maketh a comely con- 
cordaunce. 1600 Suaks. A. Y. L. u. vii. 6 If he, compact 
of iarres, grow Musicall, We shortly shall haue discord in 
the Spheares. 1609 DouLanp Ornith. Microl. 79 A Discord 
..is the mixture of diuers sounds, naturally offending the 

res. 1674 PLayrorp Skild Mus. ut. 1 The Discords are, 

a Second, outth: and Seventh, with their Eighths. 1691-8 

Norris Pract. Disc. 229 As in Musick, what is Discord in 

particular and separately considered, will be Harmony upon 

the whole. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. i. 55 An adept... might 
give his scientific hearers supreme pleasure by his skilful 
manner of resolving his discords. 1864 Browninc Ad¢ 

Vogler xi, Why rushed the discords in but that harmony 
_should be prized? 1875 OuseLey Harmony viii. 95 The 

chord in which the dissonance is heard is called a Discord. 

188r MAcFARREN Counterf. i. 2 A discord is a chord that is 
unsatisfactory in itself, or it is a note foreign to the prevail- 
ing harmony. 

ig. x B. Discolliminium 46 My harmonious Pulse 
beats nothing but melodious Discords, to the tune of the 

Crosse and the Harpe. be J. P. Hopes Fesus viii. 30 He 

had silenced the discords of passion in his own breast. 

4. Disagreement or want of harmony between 
sounds; a mingling or clashing of sounds, a con- 
fused noise ; a harsh or unpleasing sound. (Often 
with allusion to the musical sense : see prec.) 

. Suaxs. Mids. N. wv. i. 123, I neuer heard So musicall 

a discord, such sweet thunder, 1602 Marston Axt. § Jel. 

vy. Wks. 1856 I. 67 There remaines no discord that can sound 

Harsh accents to the eare of ouraccord. 1667 Mitton P. L. 

VI. Arms on Armour clashing bray’d Horrible discord, 

and the madding Wheeles Of brazen Chariots rag’d. 179 

Mrs. Rapcurre Rom, Forest vy, The bravura of La Motte 

whose notes sounded discord to his ears. 1835 Lytton 

Rienzi 1. iv, The very sight, the very voice of a Colonna, 

was a blight to his eye and a discord to his ear. 

5. Comb., as discord-wasted adj. 

1813 Suettey Q. Mad iv. 79 ‘The discord-wasted land. 

+ Disco ,a. rare. [a. F. discord, in 1304 dts- 
cors (Godef.), ad. L. déscors, discord-em discordant, 
at variance: see next.] Discordant. 

a1425 Chaucer's Pars. T. » 744 (MSS. Lansd., Petw., 
Selden] Vnmesurable & discorde [other SS. desordeynee, 
disordeyned] couetise. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1. xiii, 
For musike doth sette in all unyte The discorde thynges 

icheare variable. 1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Justine 

E ; In Musicke, manie discord notes and manie tunes 
e one consent. 

Discord (diskf1d), v.1 Also 4-6 dys-. [a. 
OF. des-, discorde-r (13th c. in Littré), ad. L. dis- 
cordare to be at variance, f. discors, discord- adj. 

rdant, f. Dis- + cor, cord- heart: cf. concord.] 

. intr, Of persons: To disagree, ‘differ’; to 

be at variance, to quarrel; also, to dissent from. 

@1300 Cursor M. 23640 (Cott.) Pe gode .. wit alkin thing 
sal pire le, Pe wicked .. wit alkin scaft pai sal discord. 
1340 Hamrote Psalter cxix. 6 With -paim pat discordis 
foatbe charite of halikyrke i held anhede. ¢ 1400 Lan/ranc’s 
Cirurg.72 Per ben manye men pat discorden of dietynge 
of men n woundid. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. xxv. 18 
Here discordyth myn Auctour with some other wryters. 

Stewart Crox. Scot. 11. 275 How the Lordis of Scot- 
land discordit at the Huntis. 1677 Gare Crt. Gentiles II. 
Vv. i The human wil cannot discord from the Divine. 

‘Tuacxeray Van. Fair xlv, They discorded with her. 

CariyLe in Remin. (1881) I]. 124 We discorded 
commonly on two points. : 

2. Of things (chiefly): To be different (from), 
discordant or inconsistent (with). 

1388 Wyciir Rom. Jerome’s Prol., He wolde shewen the 
newe to not discorden fro the olde testament. c 1450 Mirour 
Saluacioun 1227 Thire two last tes semes to discorde 
in nothing. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. Ixxv. (R.), Thyse two 


| 


427 


DISCORPORATE. 


nacions discorde in maners, but nat in clothing and in fayth. | united that discordant and turbulent race in the common 


1608 Hieron Def. Ministers’ Reasons Refus. Subscription 
11. 166 Not because it accordeth or discordeth with the 
original. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. Judia I. v. v. 484 The party, 
the views of which were apt to discord with those of the 
leading members of the government... 

b. Of sounds: To be discordant or dissonant ; 
to jar, clash. 

#1340 Hamrote Psalter cl. 4 Acorde, as of sere voicys, 
noght discordand, is swete sange. c1440 Promp. Parv. 
122/t Dyscordyn yn sounde, or syngynge, dissoxo, deliro. 
1530 Barer Adz, D801 To Discord, or disagree in tune. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 227 But Sounds do disturb and alter 
one the other .. Sometimes the one jarring or discording 
with the other and making a confusion. 

+ 3. trans. To make discordant. Obs. rare. 

1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 42 They adventure not 
to play upon that string. .for fear of discording all the rest 
of their harmonie. a@ 1627 [see DiscorDep]. 

+ Disco'rd, v.2 Obs. Farriery. [f. Dis- 7a+ 
CorD s6.!]_ trans. To replace (the intestine) of an 
incorded or ruptured horse. So Disco'rding v6/. 
$6., the relieving of hernia in this way. 

1607 ‘Torsett Four. Beasts (1658) 307 Having so dis- 
corded, that is to say, returned the gut into his right place. 
Jbid., Forget not the next day after his discording to un- 
loosen the list, and to take it away..and at the three weeks 
end. .it were not amisse to geld the stone on that side away, 
so shall he never be encorded again on that side. 

+ Discordable, «. Os. [ME. discorda‘dle, 
a. OF. des-, discordable, ad. L. discorddbil-is dis 
agreeing, discordant, f. déscordidre : see DISCORD v. 
and -BLE.] Characterized by discord, discordant. 

1374 CHAucER 7roylus ut. 1704 (1753), Elements, that 
been so discordable. 1393 Gower Coz/. IL. 225 It is nought 
discordable Unto my word, but accordable. 1549 Com/d. 
Scotl, xi. 100 The samnetes herd the tua discordabil consellis 
of herenius. 

Discordance (diskjidans).  [a. OF. des-, dis- 
cordance = It. scordanza for discordanza (Florio), 
L. type *discordintia, f. discordare + see Discord 
v. and -ANCE. 

1. The fact of being discordant ; disagreement, 
want of concord. 

1340 Ayend. 259 Vor of be discordance of pe herte comb 
pe discordance of be bodie. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 201 
After the diverse discordances of oure wikkednesses. 1483 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 427 /2 Vhys holy saynt Yues laboured 
euer to pease alle dyscordaunce and stryf. 1494 FasyaAn 
Chron. I, vi. ccxiii. (R.), In this sayinge appereth some 
discordaunce with other writers. @ 1619 Fotuersy A theow. 
i. § 1 (1622) 329 ‘The whole concordance of the world 
consists in discordances, 1656 Hospes Liberty, etc. (R.), 
The discordance between the action and the law. 1819 
Macxintosu Sf. 72 Ho. Com. 2 Mar. Wks. 1846 IIT. 374 
‘This rapidly increasing discordance between the letter and 
the practice of the Criminal Law, arose in the best times of 
our history. 1864 J. H. Newman A fod, 106 They were in 
discordance with each other, from the first, in their estimate 
of the means, [etc.]. 

2. Discord of sounds; harsh or dissonant noise. 

c1400 Rom, Rose 4251 In floites made he discordaunce. 
1483 Cath. Angl. 101/1 A Discordance .. desonancia. 1801 
SoutHey 7ha/lada xu. viii, Cries, Which rung in wild dis- 
cordance round the rock. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia’s Ard. 
xviii. (1887) 132 ‘The curious mixture of discordances which 
rose to the organ-loft. 

Discordancy (diskg1dansi). 
*discordintia: see prec, and -ANCY.] 
1. The condition or quality of being discordant. 

1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. § Mor.o4 Where there is a difference 
therefore in Religion, there is alwaies lightly a discordancie 
in affection, 1780 Burke Sf. at Bristol Wks. ILL. 357 In 
such a discordancy of sentiments, it is better to look to the 
nature of things than to the humours of men, 1815 JANE 
Austen Emma 1. xii. 83 Our discordancies must always 
arise from my being inthe wrong. 1855 Browninc Ferishtah 
(1884) 128 How reconcile discordancy. 

= DISCORDANCE 2. 

1607 WaLKINGTON Oft. Glasse v. 33 The body is like an 
instrument of musicke, that when it hath a discordancy in 
the strings, is wont to jarre. 1796 STEDMAN Suriname II. 
xvi. 4 Absolutely deafened by discordancy and noise. 

Discordant (diskf-1dant), a. (sb.) [ME. des-, 
dis-, dyscordant, a. OF. des-, discordant, pr. pple. 
of descorder: see Discorn v. and -axt.] 

1. Not in accord, not harmoniously connected or 
related; at variance; disagreeing, differing; in- 
congruous. Const. fo, from, with. 

[xz92 Britron 1. Prol. (1865) 2 En taunt qe lour usages ne 
soynt mie descordauntz a dreiture.] _¢ 1374 Cuaucrer 7'voy- 
Zus 11. 988 (1037) No discordaunt ping y-fere, As bus, to 
vsen termes of Physik. a1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. 
96 As discordant as day is to the nyght. 1ss0 Bate Afology 
i (R.) So long as he is so dyscordaunte to hymself. 1651 

oBBES Lezviath. 11. xxvi. 140 The reasons and resolutions 
are, and must remain discordant. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. 
Man. i. ii. 57 If discordant from it, the sentence of Con- 
demnation [follows]. 1781 Cowrer Retirement 173 Dis- 
cordant motives in one centre meet. 1868 E. Epwarps 
Raleigh |. iv. 52 The current accounts are in some points 
curiously discordant’ yet far less discordant than are the 
portraits. 1868 GLapstone Yuv. Mundi i. (1870) 16 Testi- 
mony..in no case discordant with that of the Iliad. 

b. Living in discord, disagreeing, quarrelsome. 

1547 J. Harrison E-xhort. Scottes H iij, I..accuse..myne 
awne rebellious, discordant and graceles children. 1 
Suaxs. 2 Hen. JV’, Induct. 19 The blunt monster wit 
vncounted heads, The still discordant, wauering multitude. 
1776 Jounson Let. to Boswell 21 Dec., When once a dis- 
cordant family has felt the pleasure of peace, they will not 
willingly lose it. 1803 WELLESLEY in Owen Desf, 328 He 


[ad. L. type 


cause. 

2. Of sound: Inharmonious, dissonant, jarring. 

c1q00 Rom. Rose 4247 Discordaunt ever fro armonye, 
And distoned from melodie. 1701 Concreve Hymn to 
Harmony vi, War, with discordant notes and jarring noise 
The harmony of peace destroys. 1762 Kames Elen. Crit. 
ii. § 6 (1833) 68 ‘Iwo sounds that refuse incorporation or 
mixture, are said to be discordant. Cowrer Jask v1. 
787 No passion touches a discordant string, But all is har- 
mony and love. 1871 L. Steruen Playgr. Eur. (1894) vii. 
156 Some discordant shrieks from our guides made the 
summer night hideous. : 

+ B. sé. in f/. Discordant things, attributes, or 
propositions. Ods. 

c1400 Jest. Love 1. (1542) 319 a/2 By these accordaunces, 
discordantes ben ioyned. rggr ‘I. Witson Logike (1580) 
52 Contraries, are suche discordauntes, as can not be, at 
one and the same tyme, in one substaunce. /d7d. 52 b, 
Note further, that all discordauntes are not contrary, ac- 
cordyng to their..common accidentes, but accordyng to 
their proper difference, : 

Hence Disco'rdantness, discordant quality. 

1727 Baitery vol. II, Discordantuess, disagreeableness. 

iscordantly (diskgadantli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY *.] Ina discordant manner; inharmoniously, 
incongruously. 

1663 Boyte Colours Wks. I. 741 (R.) If they be discordantly 
tuned ., being struck together they make but a harsh and 
troublesome noise. 1843 CartyLe Past & Prt. i. (1845) 6 
Human faces gloom discordantly, disloyally on one another. 
1876 Moztey Univ. Sernz.i.(1877) 15 ‘The most discordantly 
opposite characters have yet exhibited a common element 
in this inspiration of a great hatred. 

+ Disco'rded, f//. a. Obs. [f. Discorp v. + 
-ED!,] Set at variance ; fallen out. 

@1627 Mippteton Anything for Quiet Life v. ad fin, 
Discorded friends aton’d, men and their wives. 

+ Disco'rder. Ols. Also 5 -our. [a. AF. 
discordour, OF. discordeor, {. des-, discorder to 
DiscorD: see -ER!.] A quarreller; a maker of 
discord, 

c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T. S.) 115 
A full fface withouten bolnyng, bytokyns a stryuer, a dys- 
cordour. @ 1628 F. Grevitte Siduey (1652) 111 ‘Tributes to 
their common Idol Discorder. 

Disco'rdful, @. rave. [f. Discorn sé. (earlier 
discord) + -FUL.) Full of discord; quarrelsome. 

1596 SPENSER /*. Q. 1v. ii. 30 Unmindfull both of that dis- 
cordfull crew. /déd. 1v. iv. 3 Blandamour full of vain- 
glorious spright, And rather stird by his discordfull dame. 
1867 G. MacponaLp Poems 167 Why should I discordful 
things Weave into cadence ordered right? 

Discording (disk#adin), v/. sd. [f. Discorn 
v. + -ING1]  Disagreeing, disagreement, dis- 
cordance. 

1297 R. Giouc.(1724) 255 Bytuene hem nas non dyscordyng. 
1483 Cath. Avg. 101/t A Discordynge of voces, diaphonia. 
1593 Bitson Govt. Christ’s Ch. 96 ‘The false report of their 
discording everywhere spread by these deceivers. 

Discording (diskgidin), f/.a.  [f. as prec. + 
-ING*.] Disagreeing, discordant. 

1374 Cuaucer Soeth, ut. Pr. ii. 68 Dyuerse sentences and 
discordyng. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.v. xxiii. (1495) 
131 A dyscordyng voyce ..trowbleth the acorde of many 
voyces. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iv. 11 Pe land of Grece 
es pe next cuntree pat variez and es discordand in faith 
and letters fra vs and oure faith. 1596 DacryMpLe tr. 
Leslie’s Hist. Scot.1. 68 Nathing .. discordeng w* the truth 
of the historie. 1633 SrrutHer 7yue Happiness 128 
Yet they have but a discording concord. 1706 De For 
Fure Div. xt. 247 Discording Parties can no Pleasure 
bring, No Safety to the People, or the King. 1808 ScotTr 
Marm, wu. Introd. viii, Whose doom discording neighbours 
sought. 

+ Di'scordous, 2. Ols. [f. L. déscors, discord- 

adj. (or Eng. Discorp sé.) + -ous. Cf. med.L. 
discordtosus, OF. descordieus, of which the Eng. 
repr. would be discordiows.] Characterized by 
or full of discord; of the nature of discord ; dis- 
cordant. 
1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat, ut. i. 42 And men grue greedie, 
iscordous, and nice. 1612-15 — Contempl., O. T. xi. vy 
‘The harsh and discordous notes. 1633 — Hard Texts 555 
I heare and abhorre the discordous noise of your sins. 

+ Disco'riate, A//.a. Obs. rare. [ad. med.L. 
discoriat-us, pa. pple. of déscoriare to flay, skin, 
scourge (in Du Cange), f. L. ds- (Dis- 4) + cort-eme 
skin, hide: cf. earlier L. décortare to skin, and see 
De- pref. 6.) Flayed. 5 

1483 CAxton Gold. Leg. 271 b/1 He was of them discory- 
ate and flayn quyck, and deyde not. 

Discorporate (diskguporet), ppl.a. rare. [f. 
Dis- 10 + CorPoRATE a.: perh. ad. med. (Anglo)L. 
discorporatus dissolved, ‘corpus discorporatum 
dissolutum declaramus’ Rymer XV. 244/1.] 

+1. Deprived of corporate character and privi- 
leges; made no longer a corporation; disin- 
corporated. Obs. 

1682 Eng. Elect. Sheriffs 45 The City was never to this 
day discorporate. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2391/1 Such of the 
said Corporations .. are not Discorporate or Dissolved. 

2. Not corporate; not united into a corporation ; 
dissociated. (szonce-25€.) 

1833 CartyLe Diderot in Misc. Ess, (1888) V. 11 Corpora- 
tions of all sorts have perished (from corpulence) ; and now 
instead of the seven corporate selfish spirits, we have the 


four and twenty millions of discorporate — is 
—2 


DISCORPORATE. 


; te (diskg-spore't), v. rare. [f. Dis- 
6 + Corporate v.: perh. immed. repr. a med.L. 
*discorporare : cf. prec.] 

1. trans. To deprive of corporate character ; to 
dissolve (a corporate body). 

1683 T. Hunr Def. Charter Lond. 40 A Corporation or 
Socio. of men may discorporate and dissolve themselves. 

2. To separate from a corporate body ; to disso- 
ciate, disconnect. 

1891 Edin. Rev. Oct. 309 Grattan .. predicted .. that a 
priesthood unconnected with the English Government 
would lead to a Catholic laity discorporated from the people 
of England. 

+Discorrespo‘ndency. 0s. [f. Dis- 9; cf. 
next.) Want of correspondence. 

a164x Br. Mountacu Acts Mon. vee 420 Those 
words .. make very much dis-correspondency inter parts 
which doe hang handsomely enough together. 

+ Discorrespondent, 2. ds. rare—', [f. 
Dis- 10.) Lacking correspondence or congruity ; 
not answering one to another. 

1654 W. MountaGue Devout Ess. 1. vii. § 3 (R.) It would 
be discorrespondent in respect of i 

+ Disco'rsive, a. Med. Obs. [f. Dis- 10 + 
Corsive.] Not ‘ corsive’, corrosive, or escharotic. 

1662 R. Matuew Uni. Alch. § 99. 163 It is altogether 
discorsive, and not contractive, and therefore safe and 
profitable for Women that have Cankers in their breasts. 

+ Disco'se, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. mod.L. discos-us, 
{. discus DISK : see -OSE.] Characterized by a disk. 

1686 Phil. Trans. XVI. 285 These haue radiated, discose, 
and flat Flowers. 

Discost, var. of DIScoAsT v. Obs. 

+ Discostate (diskp'stet), a. Bot. Obs. [f. 
Dis- 1 + L. costat-us ribbed, CosTatE, f. costa a 
rib.) Of leaves: Having radiately divergent ribs. 

1849 BALrour fax. Bot. 72 Discostate [/ater edd. Diver- 


gent}. 

Discostomatous: see Disco-. 

Discoum-, -counfite, etc., obs. ff, DIScoMFIT. 

+ Discounsel, v. O/s. In 5 discounseylle. 
[ad. OF. descon-, descunseillier = \t. disconsigliare : 
prob. common Romanic, f. des-, dis- (D1s- 4) +L. 
consiliare to COUNSEL.) 

1. trans. To counsel (a person) against some 
undertaking or course of action; to give advice 
dissuading from; =DISADVISE 2. (Also with 
double object, quot. 1477.) 

€ 1477 CAXTON Jason 96 b, [The king] cam to Jason .. and 
moche dis-counceylled him thenterprise of colchas. 1483 
— Gold. Leg. 117 b/t Ye discounseylle your frendes fro the 
euerlastyng lyf. a1557 Mrs. M. Basset tr. More's Treat. 
Passion Wks. 1392/1 He dyscounsayled hym to take thys 
death vppon hym. 1600 Hottanp Livy XXXxvi. Xxxiv. 938 
He .. would have discounselled and skared them .. from 
foolish and furious dessignes. 

absol. 1 Homilies 1. Adultery w. (1859) 122 Holy 
Scripture disswadeth (or discounselleth) from doing that 
filthy sinne. i 

2. To give counsel against (an action or under- 
taking); = DISADVISE I. 

r Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 108 They .. not onel 
inhibite. .the reading of Protestant Bookes. . but discounsell 
also all joyning with them in any service of God. a 1631 
Donne Serne. cii. (1848) 1V. 361 aes .. did yet dissuade 
and discounsel this numbering of the people. 

+Discownselled, #//. a. Oss. In 5 des- 
counceylled. [after OF. desconseillié discouraged, 
left without comfort, disconsolate, pa. pple. of des- 
conseillier: see prec.] Without resource or support, 
desolate, disconsolate. 

[1292 Britton mt. v. § 1 Soen heritage, qe fust endormi et 
desconselé [v.. descounseillee, #7, unsup rtedj. /bid. 
1v. iii. § 4 Si la eglise demoerge desconseilé Ksoproviens) 
outre vi meys. Jéid. § 10 Cum ele fust tout voide et des- 
conselé,] % Caxton Ovia’s Met. xm. ix, Now Iam.. 
fallen in orphanyte of — & of my lorde, and am poure 
& desherytid, exilled descounceylled. 

Discount (di'skaunt), 54. Also 7 discompt. 
[a. 16th c. F, descompte, earlier desconte, mod.F. 
décompte, vbl. sb. f. descompter to Discount. 

The French descompte, décompte has not the technical 
sense of discount, which is expressed by escompte, with vb. 
escompter, adapted from It. sconto, scontare. ‘The earlier 
sense of discount in Eng. was app. as in French, the 
technical sense being later, taken perhaps from Italian sconto, 
though attached to the existin, word.] 

+1. An abatement or deduction from the amount, 
or from the gross reckoning or value of anything. 
Ods. (exc. as in 2). 

1622 Eng. Commissioners to Fas. I, in Fortesc. Papers 
189 The discount of the pepper brought into Hollande. 
1669-70 MARVELL Corr, CXXXIX. Wks. 1872-5 Il. 306 In 
discount of the third yeare to be layd at the Custome 
House, to supply what falls short, 1727-5%, CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Discount, is also used with less propriety for the 
tare, or waste of any commodicy, sm, etc. There are 12 
shillings discount in this bag. The of oil sent me from 
Sppin ; there are fifty pints discount, | & Bay 

‘mer. Law Rep. (1809) I. 16 Against plaintiff's bill, defen- 
dant filed.a discount for the loss of rent by plaintiff's delay. 


[bid. 117 Permitted to offer (their claim] in discount against 


® 
Perstonass of these fn3 ‘reditors Is a great Discount upon 
my Happiness. 1794 Miss 

fears are a heavy discount on future expectations. 


428 


F. Haut Vdsavadatté 54 The partiality for Bauddhas .. 
must, very likely, be padi. He with liberal discount. 

2. Commerce. a. A deduction (usually at a certain 
rate per cent.) made for pa) t before it is due, 
or for prompt payment, of a bill or account; a 
deduction for cash payment from the price of an 
article usually sold on credit; any deduction or 
abatement from the nominal value or price. 

1690 Levsourn Curs. Math. 110 For discompt or rebate 
of money, this is the Proportion. a Burlesque R. 
L Estrange’s Vis. Quev, 269 Here's y Money: Speak, 
what Discount? 1 Penny Cyct. 1X. 18/1 The name of 
discount is also applied to certain trade allowances upon the 
nominal prices of goods. /did., The rates of discount in [a 
list now before us] = from 5 to 40 per cent. upon the 
nominal prices of the different articles. 1862 Burton Bh. 
Hunter (1863) 252 Draw all the profits without discount or 

rcentage. ‘Mod. A retail bookseller who gives twopence 
in the shilling discount. A discount of 5 per cent. is offered 
for payment of this account before the end of the month. 

b. The deduction made from the amount of a 
bill of exchange or promissory note, by one who 
gives value for it before it is due, this deduction 
being calculated at a defined rate per cent. for the 
time the document has to run ; practically, the in- 
terest charged by a banker or bill-discounter for 
advancing the value of a bill before it is due. 

This is the common form in which banks and discount- 
houses advance money to persons engaged in commerce ; the 
banker or discounter having thus — the bill at a dis- 
count keeps it till maturity, when he realizes the full amount. 
In practice, discount is calculated as the interest on the 
amount of the bill for the time it has to run; this is more 
than what arithmeticians call the true discount, which is 
reckoned as interest on the present worth (i.e. that sum 
which if invested at the given rate for the given time would 
amount to the face value). 

1683 R. Crave (title), Tables for the Forbearance and 
Discompt of Money. 1732 De For Exg. Tradesman 1. 
Pref, 11 The dismal consequences of usury, high discount, 
and paying interest for money. 1859 Barn. Smitn Arith. 
& Algebra (ed. 6) 491, We may define the Discount of a sum 
of money to be the interest of the Present Worth of that 
sum, calculated from the present time to the time when the 
sum would be prepeny payable. 1863 Fawcett Pol. Econ. 
iit, vi. (1876) 361 ‘Ihe value of money is said to be repre- 
sented by the Bank-rate of discount. . Brook-Smitu 
Arith, (ed. 6) 323 With bankers and bill-discounters, dis- 


count is the izerest of the sum specified, whereas, properly | 


speaking, it is the interest of the present worth of that sum. 
‘And as the present worth of a sum due at a future time is 
less than the sum itself, the ‘rue discount is less than the 
banker’s or mercantile discount ; and therefore the banker 
obtains a small advantage. 

3. The act of discounting a bill or note; with 
pi., a single transaction of this nature. 

1839-40 W. IRvING Wolfert’s R. (1855) 119 To establish 
a bank of deposit, discount, and circulation. 1846 M°Cut- 
tocn Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 43 The Scotch banks 
make their advances partly by discount of bills, and partly 
by what are termed cash accounts, or cash credits. 1866 
Crump Banking iii, 78 Shall you require either loans or 
discounts, and to what amount? 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. 
Econ. 114 ‘The most common and proper way. in which 
a banker gives credit and employs his funds is in the dis- 
count of bills. 

4. At a discount: at less than the nominal or 
usual value; below par; fig. in low esteem, reduced 
in estimation or regard, depreciated. (Opp. to at 
a PREMIUM.) 

jor Lond. Gaz. No. 3710/3 Their Bills go at 50 per Cent. 
Discount. 1833 Hr. Martineau Berkeley the Banker \. Vi. 
120 When its notes were at a discount. Mut Poi. 
Econ. m. xx. § 2 (1876) 372 The ge of bills would fall 
below par; a bill for rood. might bought for somewhat 
less than 100/., and bills would be said to be at a discount. 
1861 GoscuEen For. Exch. 5 Though one system of coinage 
were adopted for all countries, claims on foreign countries 
would nevertheless vary in price, and would still be either 
at a premium or at a discount. 

Jig. 1832 Gen, P. THomrson Exerc. (1842) UL. 237 ‘Con- 
servative’ principles are at a discount throughout the 
world. 1842 Marryat Percival Keene xxi, We should be 
at a pretty discount with the red-coats. 1856 Reape Never 
too late \xxxv, Servants are at a great premium, masters at 
a discount, in the colony. 

5. Billiards. An allowance made by a superior 
to an inferior player of a deduction of one or more 
counts from his score for every count made by the 
latter. (U.S.) 

6. attrib. and Comb, (chiefly in sense 2 b), as 
discount-broker, one whose business is to cash 
or procure the cashing of notes or bills of exchange 
at a discount; also discount accommodation, bust- 
ness, house; (in sense 2 2) discount-bookseller. 

1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ. wt. v. (1876) 163 Applying to a 
banker or discount-broker for loans. /d#d. mt, ix. (1876) 415 
The English discount-houses collect all the bills which are 
drawn upon France. 1866 Crumr Banking ix. 190 The 
directons .. d the di t ac dation to the 
public, 1876 World V. No. 3375 At to-day's rates yet 

2 - Bsa 


DISCOUNT. 


or Com. Romanic formation from dés-, Dis- 4 + 
computare to Count, COMPUTE. : 
+1. trans. To reckon as an a tement or deduc- 
tion from a sum due or to be accounted for. Ods. 
in Rushw. Hist. ene '1659) 


army. 1696 Lutrrett Brig, Rel. (1857) IV. 93 The Turky 
merchants have offered to vie yas ot — 


did .. decrescere, OF Was a a Scholar's if 
dowment. 
+b. To abate, to deduct. Obs. 


1652 Neevua tr. Sedden's Mare Cl. 266 By dis-counting 
38 years from the year 1051, that year 1012, is sufficiently 
manifest. 1664 BuTLer //ud, 11. 11. 1105 All which [plunder] 
the Conq’rer did discompt, To pay for curing of his Rump. 
a1715 Burnet Own Time Il. 327 They le such excep- 
tions to those of the other side, that they discounted as 
many voices as gave them the majority. 1828 WeBsTER 
s.v., Merchants discount five or six per cent., for prompt or 
for advanced payment. 
+e. Zo discount interest: to deduct ‘interest’ 
(now called discount) on receiving the amount of 
a bill or note before it is due: see sense 3. Obs. 
1684 Lond. Gas. No. 1945/4 Because it may be some con- 
veniency .. to have present Money, if they please to dis- 
count Interest, they may have it at the ce. 31701 /bid. 
No. 3708/4 The whole Loss being to be paid by the Under- 
takers within 60 days.., or sooner upon discounting the 


Interest. 
+d. To reduce the amount of (a debt) by.a set- 


off. Obs. 

1713 Swirt To Earl Ox ford 111 Wks. 1758 III. 1. 46 
Parvisol discounts arrears By bills for taxes and repairs. 

+2. intr. To discount for: to provide a set-off 
for; to meet, satisfy. Obs. 

1647 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. w. I. 1025 Public monies 
whieh _. Mr. Thornton had no ways satisfied or discounted 
for before his death. 1687 R. L’Estrance Hist. Times 
1. 159 Discounting .. for what we have Receiv'd from the 
Westminster-Insurance Offices. 1690 Drypen Don Se- 
bastian ut. i, My prayers and penance shall discount for 
these, And beg of heaven to charge the bill on me. 

3. trans. Yo give or receive the ‘present worth’ 
of (a bill of exchange or promissory note) before it 
is due. a. To pay the value beforehand, with 
a deduction equivalent to the interest at a certain 
pees for the time which it has still to run. 

. Of the holder: To obtain cash for (a bill or 
before it is due. (See 


1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 3008/4 Foreign Bills 
willbe Discounted after the Rate of Four and half per 
Cent. per Annum. | 1732 Tradesman 1. 
sg ii. 389 
bills. 1777 . 
been able to get me that .. bill discounted? 1848 
§ 4 A bill of exchange, when merely dis- 

he ions .. of money, but 
is itself boug] 1854 H. Miter Sch. 
§ Schut, xxiii. (1860) 251/t, 1 was fortunate not 


buy it up for the sum due, after subtracting interest .. 
the length of time the bill has to run. 

4. fig. In various senses derived from the fore- 
going: a. To leave out of account; to disregard, 
omit. b. To deduct or detract from, to lessen. 
ec. To part with a future good for some present 
consideration. . To settle or account for before- 
hand. And now esf.: @. To make a deduction in 
estimating the worth of (a statement, etc.); to 
make allowance for exaggeration in. f. To take 
(an event, etc.) into account beforehand, thus 
lessening its effect or interest when it takes place. 

1702 S. PARKER Cicero's De Finibus 237 To reli i 


his Person. © 


Bonum Uncommensurate to the Whole mg - 


M. Davies Athen. 1 
unaccountable Schism discounted by 
our Dr. Turner. 1768 ‘onor I, 165 In 
Ae 8 mach sone Ithey] have to discon. of 
their boasts vin; a number of women as wort! 
836-7 Six W. Hamitton Metaph, x1. (1859) 
three opinions (I discount Brown's), 
. H. Newman Caté. 
it seems, she has 
ay” 
thieve, drink, and swear aw seven 
; conscience. 1055 Brimiey Lss., Poet 
immortalit 


discounted, if I may so 


cannot possibly be any apprecial rofit in n si- 
ness. 1889 Spectator 31 Aug: 2682 Harper's, which dis- 


count booksellers sell at od. a copy. 

Discount (diskawnt, diskaunt), vl Also 7 
discompt. [a. OF. desconter (13th c. in Littré), 
descompter (14th c.), mod.F. décompter = Sp. des- 
contar (Minsheu 1599); It. discontare, scontare ‘ to 
ynreckon, to abate in reckoning’ (Florio 1 598) 
med.L. discomputare (1293 in Du Cange), a late 


i ing a of the great 
825/1 His ie Bor dlscounted and usted the 
ious concession. a H. Spencer 
e. have to estimate [the] worth 
been discounted in many ways. 


DISCOUNT. | 


much used in City circles, is to Sg aad or expect such 
intelligence, and then act as though it had already arrived. 
1883 ey. Wits Mod. Persia 315 After a time one learns 
to mentally discount the statements made by the natives. 
ay M. Pattison AZem. (1885) 214 Nor had his [New- 
man’s] perversion, so long looked for, and therefore mentally 
discounted, at all fallen upon me like a blow. ; 

5. Billiards. To allow discount to, as to déscount 
an inferior player. (U.S.) 

Hence Discounted ///. a., Discounting v//. 
sb. and ppl. a. 


1682 Scartett Exchanges 6 Discounted Exchange, is, 
when the Drawer and the Remitter is one and the same 
Person. 1732 De For Eng. Tradesman 1. Suppl. ii. 391 
Discounting of bills is certain death to the tradesman. 
1861 Goscuen For. Exch. 41 The discounting establish- 
ments at home. 1884 M/anch, Exam. 22 May 5/1 Fraudu- 
lent discounting of worthless accommodation bills. 


+ Discount, v.2 Ods. rare. *[f. Dis- 1 + Count 
v.] trans. To count or reckon separately or in 


separate series. 

Futter Ch, Hist. Index, Know that the discount- 
ing of Sheets (to expedite the work at severall Presses) hath 
occasioned in the Fifth book after page 200, compleated, to 
go back again to page (153) surrounded in this fashion, to 

vent confusion. 1662 J. Futter ‘To the Reader’ in 
uller Worthies, The discounting of Sheets (to expedite 
the Work at severall Presses) hath occasioned the often 
mistake of the Folio’s. [Cf. 1653 GaupEN //ieraspistes 320 
Reader, The Reason why the Folios of this Book do not 
follow is because the Copy (for Expedition) was divided to 
two Printers.) ; 

Discountable (diskau‘ntib’l),a. [f. Discount 
ul + -aBLE.] That may be discounted; in quot. 
1800, within which a bill may be discounted. 

1800 T. JeFrrerson Writ. (1859) 1V. 420 Within the dis- 
countable period. 1802 H. THornton in Mill Pod. Econ. 
m1. xi. § 4 Each is a discountable article. 

Discountenance (diskawnt/nans), v. [ad. 
obs. F. descontenancer (16th c. in Littré, and in 
Cotgr.), to abash, put out of countenance, mod.}’. 
décontenancer, {..des-, DIS- 4 + contenancer to 
CounTENANCE. In some of the English senses, it 
is used as if f. Dis- 7+ COUNTENANCE sd. Cf. DE- 
FACE in some of its senses. 

+1. trans. To put another countenance on, to 
mask, Oés. rare. 

z Gotpinc De Mornay xii. 171 His own ambition, 
which was peraduenture discountenanced to the common 
people, but could not be counterfetted before God, who 
seeth the very bottome of our hearts. 

2. ‘To put out of countenance, put to shame, dis- 
concert, discourage, abash. (Chiefly in pa. pple.) 
.1580 Sipney Arcadia (1613) 69 Thinking it want of educa- 
tion which made him so discountenanced with vnwonted 
presence. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 11. i, Sir, let not 
this dis-countenance, or dis-gallant you a whit. 1671 Mitton 
P, R. 11. 218 How would one look from his majestic brow. . 
Discountenance her despised. 1690 7he Gt. Scanderbeg 89 
He was no more discountenanced then, than if he had been 
at the head of his Army. 1707 Norris 77eat. Humility ix. 
359 How is my pride further discountenanced, when I see thee 
my Lord .. chusing to unite thyself .. with flesh and blood. 
1862 CarLyLe /red. Gt. (1865) ILL. vit. vi. 55 He appeared 
much discountenanced at this last part of my narrative. 

3. To withdraw*one’s countenance from, set the 
countenance against ; to show disapprobation of ; 
to discourage, disfavour: a. a person. 

1g9t SpeNsSER Tears Muses 340 We silly Maides, whom 
they .. with reprochfull scorne discountenaunce. 1631 
GouGe God’s Arrows i. § 45. 76 Discouraging and dis- 
countenancing the upright. 1656 H. More Exthus. Tri. 
3 Such Mock-prophets and false Messiases as these will be 

iscountenanced and hissed off of the stage. 1807 W. H. 
\Trevanp Mod. Ship of Fools 251 note, He. .discountenanced 
him from that hour. 18.. Proclamation at Quarter Sessions, 
That all Persons of Honour, or in Place of Authority, will 
+ to their utmost contribute to the discountenancing Persons 
of dissolute and immoral Lives. 

b. an act, practice, or the like. 

1589 FLEMING Georg. Virg. Ded., Ripe to deface and dis- 
countenance, but rawe to correct or imitate the commend- 
able trauels of well affected Students. 1646 P. BULKELEY 
Gospel Covt. 111. 256 Profanenesse is discountenanced by all. 
1709 STEELE Tatler No. 39 P10 Duels are neither quite dis- 
countenanc’d, nor much in vogue. 1766 Burke Ws, II. 5 
The late administrati di d..the dangerous 
and unconstitutional practise of removing military officers 
for their votes in Parliament. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 
343 The traffic was discountenanced. 

Hence Discou-ntenanced A//. a., -ing vbi. sb. 

1597 Br. J. Kina Yonas (1618) 76 Discountenancings, 
disturbings, dispossessings of them. x612 Brinstey Lud. 
Lit, xxvii. (1627) 276 By the incouragement and com- 
mendation of vertue, and discountenancing of vice. 1643 
Mitton Divorce Introd. (85) 4 The sole advocate of a 
discount’nanc’t truth. 1667 KE Ess, Toleration n Fox 
Bourne Locke (1876) I. iv. 189 The Sa ges f, of 
Popery amongst us. 1675 Art Contentm. IV. ix. 1 he 
most discountenanc’d child oft makes better proof than the 
dearling. 1749 W. Dopwett Free Answer 97 To prevent 
their preaching a di: d Doctrine. 

Discountenance (diskawntinins), sb. arch. 
[partly ad. OF. descontenance (14th c. in Littré), 
partly an Eng. formation from Dis- 9 + CounTEN- 
ANCE sé., after the vod 

1. The act or fact of iscountenancing ; unfavour- 


al aspect, ‘disfavour or disapprobation shown. 


ble 
180 Nortu Plutarch (1595) 829 He thought that the 
estimation of Cato was altogether the Beet’ of 


ration. .¢ 


his [own] power and greatnesse. 1642 Jer. Tavtor Zfisc. 


429 


(1647) 338 All discountenance and disgrace done to the 
Clergy reflect upon Christ. 1673 Essex Papers (Camden) 
I. 151 The countenance given to the subscribers and dis- 
countenance to the refusers. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Milton 
Wks. II. 176 His great works were performed under dis- 
countenance. 1812 SHELLEY Proposals Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 272 
The discountenance which Government will show to such 
an association. 1862 Lp. BrouGcuam Brit, Const. i. 4 Dis- 
countenance of warlike policy. 
b. with @ and p/. 

a 1628 F. Grevit_e Séduey (1652)19 Any man..might..see 
how to set a good countenance upon all the discountenances 
of adversitie. 1749 Firecpinc Vom Fones xvi. iii, Whether it 
be that the one way of cheating is a discountenance or re- 
flection upon the fo Bes or [etc.]. 

+2. The fact or state of being put out of coun- 
tenance ; discomposure of face; abashment. Ods. 

a1628 F. Grevitte Sidvey vii. (1652) 86 The discounten- 
ance, and depression which appeared in Sir Francis. 1656 
Finetr Form. Anibass. 39 Much to their discountenance and 
discontent. 

Discountenancer. [f. DiscounrENANcE 
v. + -ER!,]_ One who discountenances, or dis- 
courages with cold looks or disfavour. 

1622 Bacon //ex. V//(J.), A great taxer of his people and 
discountenancer of his nobility. 1702 Add. fr. Maryland 
in Lond. Gaz. No. 3853/1 A Discountenancer of Immorality 
and an Encourager of Virtue. r72x Wovrow //ist. Suff. Ch. 
Scot. (1828) 1. Introd. 10 A discountenancer of ministers. 


Discounter (diskawntoz). [f. Discount v.! + 
-ER !,] One who discounts a bill or note; i.e. 
either the person who, before it is due, pays the 
amount with deduction of discount, or the person 
who obtains cash for it in this way: see Discount 


V. 3. 

1732 De For Fug. Tradesman 1. Suppl. ii. 391 These 
discounters of bills are sometimes bit. 1791 Burke Let. 
Member Nat. Assembly Wks. V1. 17 The whole gang of 
usurers, pedlars, and itinerant Jew-discounters. 1848 Mitt 
Pol, Econ. wu. xi. § 4 A bill of exchange .. discounted, and 
kept in the portfolio of the discounter until it falls due. 1861 
GoscuEn Fur. /xch. 38 ‘The purchaser of the bills in this 
case takes the place of the discounter of accommodation 
paper. 1883 E. Paxton Hoop Scot. Char. iii. 59 ‘Oh, you 
need not hesitate about him, Mr. Carrick [the banker)’, said 
the proposed discounter. 1884 J. Baconin Law Ref. 26 Ch. 
Div. 134 The discounter, whether of a bill, or bond, or any 
other security, becomes the owner. 

Discouwntess, v. vave. [Dis- 7b.) dvans. To 
deprive of the rank or dignity of countess. 

1630 B. Jonson New /nv 1. iii, Though I am discountess’d, 
I am not yet dis-countenanced. 1874 TRoLLorE Lady Anna 
vy, Let them bring that Italian countess over if they dared ! 
He’d countess her and dis-countess her too! 

Discouple (diskyp'l), v. [a. OF. descupler 
(i2th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), descoupler (Cotgr.) to 
separate, uncouple, f. des-, Dis- 4 + coupler to 
Coup.E.] trans. To separate or disunite what is 
coupled, to uncouple. 

c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aynion ix. 241 Now are dys- 
coupled the foure sones of Aymon, for I have slayne 
Richarde. 1549 Hooper Declar. Ten Commandm. x. Wks. 
(Parker Soc.) 384 Neither doth the magistrate dissolve that 
God hath bound, nor discouple that God coupled. 1883 
W. S. DuGpate tr. Dante's Purgatorio xxv. 280 Ascending 
the steps whose narrowness discouples those who mount. 

b. zutr. for ref. 

1599 I. M[ouret] Sé/hqories 66 When they die after dis- 
coupling. 

Discour, -coure, obs. ff. DIScovER v. 

+ Discourage, 4. Ods. [f. Dis- 9 + Courace 
sb.: or f. DiscourRaGE v.] Want or failure of 
courage ;. the state of discouragement. 

¢ 1500 Three King’s Sons 105 Their enemyes were in suche 
discorage that thei durst not wele be seen at no scarmyssh, 
1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Matt. v. (R.), Many..be 
brought in discourage of themselves, by the reason of 
pouertie .. or by aduersitie. 1586 Bricut A/edanch. xxxiii. 
184 They are faint-hearted, and full of discourage. 1611 
Sreep Zheat. Gt. Brit. ix. (1614) 17/1 Causing their king 
Canute with discourage to retire. 

Discourage (diskwrédz), v. Also 5-6 dis-, 
dyscorage (6 dischorage). [ad. OF. descoragzer, 
later descourager, mod.¥. décourager ; f. des-, Dis- 
4+ corage, COURAGE sb.] 

1. trans. To deprive of courage, confidence, or 
moral energy; to lessen the courage of; to dis- 
hearten, dispirit. The opposite of encourage. 

31481 Caxton Godfrey cxxxii. 196 How therle of chartres 
discoraged themperour of Constantinople that he shold not 
goo and socoure our peple. 1535 CovERDALE Yer. xxxviii, 
4 Thus he discea geal the hondes of the soudyers y* be in 
this cite, and the hondes of all the people. 161 BisLe 
Transl. Pref. 2 His Royall heart was not daunted or dis- 
couraged. 1684 Bunyan Pilger. 1. 21, I think no Slow of 
Despond would discourage me. 1725 De For Voy. round 
World (1840) 253 He would be very far from discouraging 
me, 1855 Macautay Hist, Eng. Ii. 232 No trick, no lie, 
which was thought likely to discourage the starving garrison 
was spared. absol, 1789 ANNA Sewarp Leét¢, (1811) IL. 
226 Difficulty rather stimulates than discourages. 

b. with complement: To deter (by discourage- 
ment) +40 do something (06s.); from (+ for) an act. 

1529 More Suppl. Soulys Wks. 337/1 Not for yt we wold 
discorage you to dispose well your goodes when ye dye. 
1529 Supplic. to King (E.E.T.S.) 36 This they doo to 
dyscorage all men from the studye of Gods Worde. 1598 
R. Bernarp tr. Terence (1607) 337 The poet .. was nowe 
almost discouraged for taking vat more paines, a@ 1682 
Sir T. Browne Tracts (1684) 19¢ It discouraged from all 
Navigation about it. 


DISCOURAGING. 


discourage them to stay with you by using them ill. 1699 

Dampier Voy. II. 1. 89 The Seamen are discouraged from 

fishing for them by the King. 1786 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 

II, 3 We shall be discouraged from the laborious -. task. 
+e. transf, and fig. Obs. 

@1529 SKELTON Reflyc. 355 For to disparage And to dis- 
corage The fame matryculate Of poetes laureate. 1577 
B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 11. (1586) 87 You shall some- 
time have one branch more gallant then his fellowes, which 
if you cutte not away, you discourage all the rest. 1657 in 
Burton's Diary (1828) II. 150 Though the face of public 
worship of late be discouraged. 

2. ¢ransf. To lessen or repress courage for (an 
action or project) ; to discountenance, express dis- 
approval of, ‘ throw cold water on’. 

1641 WILKINS Math. Magick 11. xv. (1648) 292, I would be 
loath to discourage the enquiry of any ingenuous artificer. 
«1649 Etkon Bas, xii. (1824) 106, I might neither Incourage 
the rebels insolence, nor discourage the Protestants loyalty 
and patience. 1699 Dampier Voy, II. 1. 85 Thro their 
oppression. .trading is discouraged. 1735 BERKELEY Querist 
§ 42 Idleness should of all things be discouraged. x 
Syp. Smiru Wes, (1867) I. 173 A set of lectures upon poli- 
tical economy would be discouraged in Oxford. 1872 YEATS 
Growth Comm. 56 Laws were made to discourage usury. 

+ 3. intr. (for vefl.) To lose courage or confi- 
dence. Ods. 

1553 Bare Vocacyon in Harl, Misc. (1808-12) VI. 464(D.) 

3ecause that poore Churche shulde not utterly discourage, 
in her extreme adversitees. 1574 HeLLOwEs Guenara’s 
Fam. Ep. (1577) 33 Scipio considering the Numantines to 
increase in pride, and the Romanes to discourage. 

Discourageable (disky-sédzab'l), a. vare. [f. 
DIscoURAGE v. + -ABLE.] Capable of being dis- 
couraged or disheartened ; to be discouraged. 

1612-15 Br. Hate Contempl., N.T. 1. xxvi, O loue to un- 
thankfull souls! not discourageable by the most hatefull 
indignities. 

Discowraged, ///.@. [f. as prec. + -ED !.] 
Deprived of courage or confidence, disheartened. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par, Matt. xix, (R.), He wente 
awaye with a discouraged and heauye mynde, 1667 FLaveL 
Saint Indeed (1754) 44 Discouraged souls, how many do you 
reckon the Lord for? 1847 Tennyson Princ. ut. 137, 1 grew 
discouraged, Sir, 1888 /a// Mall G. 8 June 4/1 Seductive 
terms about fettered industry, discouraged capital, and the 
undue taxation of the necessaries of life. 

Discouragement (disko-sédgmént). [ad. OF. 
descouragement, descoragement (12th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), mod.F. découragement, f. descoragter, des- 
courager to DISCOURAGE: cf. ENCOURAGEMENT. ] 

1. The action or fact of discouraging. 

1600 Haxtuyt Voy. II]. 131 (R.) To the great discourage- 
ment and hinderance of the same marchants and fishermen. 
a1797 H. WatroLe Geo. // (1847) I. iv. 89 His severity to 
and discouragement of that pest of society, Attorneys. 1880 
C.R. Markxnam Peruv., Bark xu. 414 From that time there 
was nothing but discouragement and obstruction. Mod. 
The discouragement of rash and premature attempts. 

2. The fact or state of being discouraged ; want 
of spirit or confidence; depression of spirit with 
regard to action or effort. (The more usual sense.) 

1561 IT. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. ii. (1634) 261 The feeling 
..turneth onely to terrour and discouragement. a 1600 
Hooker Disc. Fustif Wks. 1617 11. 53 ‘That repining dis- 
couragement of heart, which tempteth God. 1612 Brixstey 
Lud. Lit. iii. (1627) 20 About which I have taken no small 
griefe and discouragement. 1844 ‘Tuirtwat Greece VIII. 
157 He represents it as having caused so much discourage- 
ment at Sparta, that [etc.]. 1860 Froupe //ist. Eng. V. 30 
[It] showed how great was the discouragement into whic 
the loss of Beton had thrown them, 1878 Lecky Ang. 
in 18th C. II. v. 50 Poverty and discouragement became 
more general than ever. : 

3. That which discourages; a disheartening or 
deterrent influence. 

1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate Pref. Wks. (1653) 9 Notwith- 
standing all such discouragements .. he proceeded on with 
courage. 1720 Swirt Mod. Educ., The books read at 
school and colleges are full of .. discouragements from 
vice. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 319 Their first 
discouragement was, the country was all open with very 
little wood. 1868 E. Epwarps Xadleigh I. viii. 123 Strong 
discouragements which had often chilled the glowing antici-. 
pations. 

Discourager (diskv'rédza1)._[f. DiscouRace 
v.+-ER1,] One who or that which discourages or 
disheartens; one who discountenances or ‘ throws 


cold water’ upon efforts. 

1631 GouGE Goa’s Arrows i. § 46. 80 None [are] greater 
discouragers of the upright. _r7r0 MacciesFietp in Ld. 
Campbell Chancellors (1857) VI. cxxi. 10 Discouragers of 
those who preach virtue and piety. 1849 Lewis /u//uence 
Author. Opin. ix. (L.), The promoter of truth and the 
discourager of error. 1884 G. P. Laturop, 7rve i. 5 
Antiquity is a great discourager of the sympathies. 

Discou ing, vd/. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1). 
The action of the verb DiscouraGE ; discourage- 
ment. (Now chiefly gerundial.) 

1545 Primer Hen. VIII, in 3 Primers (1848) 519. In all 
trouble and adversity to be quiet .. without discouraging 
and desperation. 1§78 T. N. tr. Cong. W. Jndia 318 The 
overthrow [was] a great discouraging of the enemie. 1603 
Knottes //ist. Turks (1638) 35 To the,great discouraging 
of all other Christian Princes. 

Discou'raging, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -1Nc 2.] 
That discourages or causes discouragement ; dis- 
heartening. 

1678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 77 Over that Valley hangs the dis- 
couraging Clouds of confusion. 1715 De For Fam, Jn- 
struct. 1. iii, With many discouraging thoughts for the 


a 1698 Temp_e (J.), Unless you.. | event. 1849 Grote Greece u. lviii. (1862) V. 158 The answer 


DISCOURAGINGLY. 
returned was 


ng ony mello T. Harpy Ethelberta 
(1890) 185 Despite her in; words, he still went on. 

ence Discou'ragingly adv., in a discouraging 
manner ; + Discou” 

1690 J. Mackenzie Siege London-Derry 21/2 Collonel 
Lundy. .spoke so discouragingly to many of them concern- 
ing the indefensibleness of the place. Bartey vol. II, 
Discouragingness, discouragement. Annie THomas 


Allerton Towers II. viii. 151 Treating her confidences coldly, | 


not to say, discouragingly. _ 

+ Discoursative, -itive, 2. Ovs. rare. [f. 
DISCOURSE: see-ATIVE.] a. Pertaining to discourse 
or conversation. b. Of or belonging to ‘discourse’ 
or reason, rational. 

1600 C. Sutton Disce Mori ii. (1838) 23 As if it were 
only some arbitrab’e matter or discoursitive. 1610 Mark- 
HAM Masterf. 1. viz 17 Horses discerne by meanes of the 
vertue Imaginatiue, Discoursatiue, and Memoratiue. 

Discourse (disk6-1s), sd. Also 4-5 discours, 
discors. [a. F. discours, ad. L. déscurs-us ‘ run- 
ning to and fro, conversation, discourse’ (after 
cours:—L. cursus): cf. It. discorso, Sp. discurso. 
L. discurs-us is f. déscurs-, ppl. stem of discurrére : 
see next. ] 

+ 1. Onward course; process or succession of time, 
events, actions, etc. ; =Course. Obs. 

1s40-1 Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) 134 The naturall discourse 
of the sunne. 1548 UpALt, etc. Erasm. Par.1 Pet. i. (R.), 
But when y? day shal come, & the discourse of things turned 
vp side down, they shall be tormented, and you shal reioyce. 
1565 Jewet Def Afol. (1611) 91 It is most euident by the 
whole discourse of the Text. 1577 HeLLowes Gueuara’s 
Chron. 65 The riuer Tygris in the discourse of his currant 
maketh an Ilande. 1588 Greene Pandosto (1607) 18 This 
tragicall discourse of Fortune so daunted them, as they 
went like shadowes. 1612 SHELTON Quix. I. 11. v. 89 The 
Knights-errant. .did..suffer much Woe and Misery in the 
Discourse of their Lives. 

b. In the following the meaning is perhaps ‘course of 
arms or combat’ (cf. Course sé. 5); though other explan- 
ations have been proposed. 

1596 Spenser F. gs viii. 14 The villaine .. Himself 
addrest unto this new debate, And with his club him all 
about so blist That he which way to turne him scarcely 
wist : Sometimes aloft he layd, sometimes alow, Now here, 
now there, and oft him neare he mist..At last the caytive, 
after long discourse, When all his strokes he saw avoyded 
quite, Resolved in one t’assemble all his force. 1611 Beav- 
mont & Fi. Aing & No King u. i, Good captain Bessus, 
tell us the discourse [viz. of single combat] Betwixt Tigranes 
and our king, and how We got the victory. 

+ 2. ‘The act of the understanding, by which it 
passes from premises to consequences’ (J.) ; reason- 
ing, thought, ratiocination; the faculty of reasoning, 
reason, rationality. Ods. or arch. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. Pr. iv. 165 It [intelligence] 
byholdep alle pinges so as I shal seye by a strok of pou3t 
formely wip oute discours or collacioun. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle 
(Caxton 1483) Iv. xxviii. 75 He knoweth ali hynge, therfore 
there is nought ferther to seken by discours. 1604 Ep- 
MmoNnDS Observ. Czsar's Comm. 39 The soule of man is 
endued with a power of discourse, whereby it concludeth 
either according to the certainetie of reason, or the learning 
of experience. a1618 Raveicu Rem. (1644) 131 The Dog 
+.we see is plentifully furnished with inward discourse. 
1672 Witkins Nat, Relig. 56 The discerning of that con- 
nexion or dependance w id there is betwixt several pro- 

sitions. .which is called ratiocination, or discourse. 1788 

EsLeY Wks, (1872) VI. 353 Discourse, strictly speaking, 
is the motion or progress of the mind from one judgment to 
another, 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 177 Discourse (discursus, 
évdvoca) indicates the operation of comparison. 

tb. Phr. Discourse of reason: process or faculty 
of reasoning. Ods. or arch, 


1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1v. xxviii. 74 The soule 
seketh by discors of reson the skyles and the causes of the | 


wonderful beaute of creatures. 1553 Even 7reat. Newe 


Ind. (Arb.) 9 As could hardely be comprehended by the | 


discourse of reason. 1602 SuHaks. Ham. 1. ii. 150 A st 
that wants discourse of Reason. 1675 Sour Serm. Jn- 
ratitude (r715) 455 By the Discourses of Reason, or the 
iscoveries of Faith. Sir W. Hamitton AMetaph, 
App. I. 415 No one with the ordinary discourse of reason 
could commit an error in regard to them. 

3. Communication of thought by speech ; ‘mutual 
intercourse of language’ (J.); talk, conversation. 
arch, , 
ng? W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 112 But what 

¢ I discourse in these thinges to you, whiche knowe 
them muche better then I. i 
v4] og Pema yet of sweet Discourse. — 

‘ss., Discourse (Arb.) 14 Some in their discourse, desire 
rather commendation of wit... then of iudgement. 1667 
Mitton P. LZ, vit. 211 Sweeter thy discourse is to my eare 
Then Fruits of Palm-tree. 1713 Swirt rensy F. Dennis, 
1. laid hold of that unity of entering into discourse 
with him. 1746 Adv. Caft. R. gr on x finding she did 
not much care for talking upon t Subj , chang’d the 
Discourse. 1863 Loncr. Wayside nn u, Prel. vii, Mean- 
while the Student held discourse With the Musician. 

+b. The faculty of conversing ; conversational 
power. Obs, 

1590 Suaxs. Com. Err. m1. i. 109, I know a wench of 
excellent discourse, Prettie and wittie. 1606 — 77. § Cr. 
1. ii, 275 Is not birth, beauty, good shape, discourse .. and 
so forth: the Spice, and salt that seasons a man? 1641 
Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 1 His wisdom was and his 
judgement most acute : of solid discourse, affable, humble. 

¢c. (with aand Z/.) A talk, a conversation. arch. 

1638 THGOW 7'rav. v1. 286 In the midst of my Discourses, 
I told his High the Guardi. 1644 Mitton 
Educ. Wks. fe 


to have saaieet te oy ee ‘ 


1594 Suaxs. Rich. //7, v. iii. 
1597-8 Bacon 


which you pr 
rom those incidental discourses. 1715 


430 


De For Fam. Instruct. 1. viii, 1 have had a long discourse 
with my father. 1727 Swirt Gudliver 1. ii. 183 They 
neither can 5; nor attend to the di: others. 
1887 Bowen Virg. Aéneid 1, 748 Dido the while with many 
discourses lengthens the night. 

+d. A common talk, report, rumour. Ods. 

1692 R. L’Esrrance Yosephus’ Antig. u. ix. (1733) 43 
There went a Discourse about that le _their ice 
against them still more implacable. @1715 Burnet Own 
Time (1823) 1. 287 Many discourses were set about upon 
this occasion. 

+4. Narration; a narrative, tale, account. Ods. 

1572 Sik T. Smrru in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. u. 111. 21 This 
is hitherto a brief discourse of that which hath passed sith 
my lord Admiralls commyng to Paris. rs78 (title A brief 
Discours off the Troubles .. abowte the Booke off Common 
Prayer and Ceremonies. 1632 Litucow 7rav. v. 237 
Troubling me..to show them the rare Discourses of my 
long two yeares survey of Turkey. 1647 May //ist. Parl. 
11. 1. 545 Out of whose faithfull relation of that Rebellion. . 
I have partly collected my discourse of it. 

5. A spoken or written treatment of a subject, in 
which it is handled or discussed at length ; a dis- 
sertation, treatise, homily, sermon, or the like. 
(Now the prevailing sense.) 

1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. 18b, Referring to y® 
long discourses which y? divines make of it. 1596 Harinc- 
TtoN Metam, Ajax (1814) 15 The discourse ensuing is 
divided into three parts. 1644 Mitton Aveo. (Arb.) 47 


The acute and distinct Arminius was perverted meerly by | 


the perusing of a namelesse discours writt'n at Delf. 1711 
Appison Sfect. No. 106 » 7 Authors who have published 
Discourses of Practical Divinity. x Rew Juguiry iii. 
116 Dr. N. Grew read a discourse before the Royal ager 4 
in 1675. 1803 Med. Frn/. 1X.84 The volume opens wit 
a short preliminary Discourse on the education and duties 
ofa Surgeon. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 176 In the 
pulpit the effect of his discourses, which were delivered 
without any note, was heightened by a noble figure. 

+6. a. Familiar intercourse, familiarity. b. 
Familiarity with a subject ; conversancy (27). Obs. 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. i. 108 If you be honest, and fair, 
your Honesty should admit no discourse to your Beautie. 
1604 E. G. D'Acosta’s Hist. Indies 1. v. 17 The Portugals 
..a Nation that hath more discourse in the Arte of Navi- 
gation then any other. 

7. Comb. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Scepticke in Relig. (Arb.) 67 He 
is strangely vnfix’t, and a new man euery day, as his last 
discourse-books Meditations transport him. 

Discourse (disk6e-1s), v. [f. Discourse sé. ; 
prob. influenced by F. dzscourir ‘to discourse of’ 
Cotgr., ad. L. discurrére to run to and fro, dis- 
course, f. Dis- 1+ currére to run: cf. F. courir to 
run, secondary form of OF. courre:—L. currére. 
OF. had also the more literal senses ‘ to run to and 
fro, to traverse ’.] 

+1. zntr. To run, move, or travel over a space, 
region, etc. ; ¢vansf. to ‘run out’, extend. Obs. rare. 

@ 1547 SuRREY Aeneid 1. 475 With silence [silent] looke 
discoursing over al. 1§5§ Even Decades 213 A greate 
parte of lande. .discoursynge towarde the West. 4 . 

+ 2. intr. ‘To pass from premises to conclusions 
(J.); to reason. (Also with obj. clause.) Ods. (Cf. 
Discourse sd, 2.) 

1592 Davies /mmort. Soul 1. (R.), Nor can herself dis- 
course or judge of ought, But what the sense collects, and 
home anh Leaps 2 And yet the pow’rs of her discoursing 
thought, From these collections is a diverse thing. ax 
J. Smitn Sed. Disc. iv. 105 A mind, i.e. something within 
us that thinks, apprehends, reasons, and discourses. 1660 
Jer. Tavtor Duct, Dubit. 1. ii. rule iii. $ 5 1f in philosophy 
we discourse that the true God, being a Spirit without 
shape or figure, cannot be represented by animage. a@1700 
Dryven Ovia's Met. xv. (R.), Those very elements. .trans- 
lated grow, have sense or can discourse. . : 

+b. ¢rans. To turn over in the mind, think 
over. Obs, 

1581 Perriz Guaszzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 19 He discoursed 
many things in his minde. ¢ x61x Carman //iad. uu. 2 He 
discourst, how best he might approue His vow made for 
Achilles grace. : 

3. zntr. To hold discourse, to speak with another 
or others, talk, converse; to discuss a matter, confer. 
(Cf, Discourse sd. 3.) 


ppy wars. 1677 C. H. 
Corr, (1878) 152 Several persouns are discoursed of to suc- 
ceed him. 1695-6 R. Fisuer in Blackmore //ist. Conspir. 
(3723) 75 It was discoursed .. about seizing on the King in 
ensington House. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 204 he 
in return, instructed me in the Portugueze Language: so 
that in a short time we could discourse in either, x80x 
Soutney Thalaba u. xxxvi, Now his tongue discoursed of 
regions far remote. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) I. 89 I am 
quite willing to discourse with S tes in his own . 
ig. 4592 Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. u. ii. 13 She speakes, yet 
she sayes nothing, what of that ? Her eye discourses, I will 
answere it. 1607 Beaum. & Fi. Woman-Hater m1. i, Til 
promise peace, and fold mine arms up; Jet but mine eye 
discourse. 1644 [see Discoursine ffl. a. 2). » 
b. érans. (with compi.) To pass (time) away in 
discourse or talk ; to bring (a person) by discourse 
into (some state). ’ 
x6xx Suaks. Cyd. u1. iii, 38 How. .shall we discourse The 
freezing houres away? 1672 Eacnarp //odds’ State Nat, 
106, I always found it an endless thing to reason and dis- 


* course people into any soundness of mind. 1820 Haz.itr 


DISCOURSING. 


Lect. Dram. Lit, 137 Seated round [they] discourse the 
silent hours away. a 

4. intr. To speak or write at length on a subject ; 
to utter or pen a discourse. (Cf. DiscouRsE sé. 5.) 

1564 [implied in Discourser]. 1628 Prynne Ceus. Cozens 
23 They haue discoursed of these seuen sinnes. 1632 Litn- 
cow Trav. vi. 239 Josephus .. ly discourseth of many 
hundred th famished. .within this multipotent City. 
a 1704 Locke (J.), The u ii are di i 


we ee 
of are not known to children, ideots, and a greater part of 
mankind. 1750 Larpner Wks. (1838) III. 38 Mr. Wolff 
has discoursed largely of this matter. «1862 Buckte 
Civiliz, (1869) I11. iv. 203 If he discoursed for two hours 
without intermission, he was valued as a zealous pastor. 

5. trans. Togo through in speech ; to treat of 
speech or writing ; to talk over, discuss; to talk of, 
converse about ; to tell, narrate, relate. arch. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) III. 357 We have discoursed 
Poy: 2 of Mr. Robert Glover. 1591 Suaks. 1 Hen. VJ, 
1, iv. 26 How wert thou handled, being Prisoner ?. . Discourse 
I prethee on this Turrets top. a1592 Martowe & Nasne 
Dido uu. Wks. (Rtldg.) 256/2 To discourse at large, And 
truly too, how ‘Troy was overcome. a 1652 J. Smitu Sed. 
Disc, 1x. iii. (1821) 422 Having discoursed the nobleness 
religion in its original and nature; we come now to consider 
the excellency of religion in its ties. 1654 WHITLocK 
Zootomia 388 Alcibiades cut of his Dogs Taile..that so the 
talkative people might lesse discourse his other Actions. 1 
Cotuirr tr. Greg. Nazianzen 57, | need not discourse, that 
Passion, Rancour, and Malice, are not allow’d a Christian. 
1727 Swirt Gulliver u. viii. 170 Discoursing this matter 
with the sailors while I was asleep. 1822 B. Cornwatt 
Dram. Scenes, Tartarus, Moans, beside Its waters rising, 
discourse tales of sin. 

is x Greene Maiden's Dreame xxix, His open hands 
iscours'd his inward grace. 
+b. To utter, say; to speak or write formally. 
(With the utterance or thing said as object.) Ods. 

1604 Suaxs. Oth. 1. iii, 282 Drunke? And — Parrat ? 
.. And discourse Fustian with ones owne low? 1654 
WurtLock Zootomia 446 Who it may be can discourse 
nothing but slander, or censure. 1744 Harris Three Treat. 
lL. I, (1765) 108 The Joy. .in recollecting what we have dis- 
coursed on these Subjects. 

c. To utter, give forth (musical sounds). 

(Chiefly as a reminiscence of the Shakspere passage.) 

x60z Suaxs. Ham, m1. ii. 374 Giue it breath with your 
mouth, and it will discourse most excellent Musicke. 
CartyLe “ry. Rev. LL ut. ix. (1872) 135 The tocsins dis- 
course stern music. 1881 Scribner's Mag. XXI1. 267/2 The 
Ridgemont brass band was discoursing familiar strains. 1882 
Besant Revolt of Max xi. (1883) 263 the Green the band 
was discoursing sweet music. 

+6. trans. To speak or converse with (a person), 
to talk to; to discuss a matter with, confer with ; 
to speak to, address, harangue. Ods. or arch. 

(Very common down to 1750). 

3677 A. Yarranton Eng. /mprov. 25 All the People. . will 
discourse their Parliament Men in these things hinted at. 
1689-92 Locke Toleration ut. ii. Wks. 1727 IL. 330 A Friend 
whom I discoursed on this Point. @ oop Life(O.H.S.) 
III. 408 He overtook me on horse back. .and discours’d me 


| aloud. 170a Ecuarp Zcc/. Hist.(1710) 226 While Peter thus 
rsed th 


discou’ e people. 1763 Frankiin Let, Wks. 1887 IIT. 
229 That I might... have more convenient opportunities of 
discoursing them on our publick affairs. 1866 WuiTieR 
Marg. Smith's ¥rni. Prose Wks. 1889 1. 21 Sir Thomas dis- 
coursed us in his lively way. 

+ Discow'rseless, a. Ods. e[f. Discourse sé. 
+-LESS.] Void of reasoning power ; unreasoning. 

1620 Suetton Quix. IIL, vi. 69 To attempt things whence 
rather harm may after resulty:nto us then good, is the part 
of rash and discourseless braifis. 

Discourser (disk61s01). Also 6 -our, 7 -or. 
[f. Discoursg v. + -En1.] One who discourses ; 
a speaker, talker, narrator, preacher, orator ; the 
writer of a discourse or dissertation. i a 

1 Brief. Exam, * «iijb, There are muc ynes be- 
one ion discoursours. 1579 J- Sruppes Coping Gulf 
Avyj b, These discoursers that vse word of God with as 
little conscience as they doe Machiavel. 1600 O. E. Reply 
Libel 1, vii. 166 An idle di , that th que 
that bee not to purpose. R. Fohnson's Kingd. & 
Commew, 300 Some few particulars .. worthy a much more 

iscourser, 1713 


ample discourse, and a .. better informed 
Bentiey Freethinking 65 (R.) Our discourser here 
uoted nine verses out of it. 1 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 
I, 415 It behoves the discourser upon og ser matters to 
consider [etc.]. 1884 Cuurcn Bacon iii. 62, erhaps she dis- 
trusted in business and state affairs so brilliant a discourser. 
Discoursing, vé/. sd. [f. Discourse v. + 
-InG!,] The action of the verb DISCOURSE, q.V. } 
talking, conversation ; ort i per 
Br. Scor in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. App. x. 33 Let the 
ican together. .for the discoursinge therof. 1667 
Br. S. Parker Cens. Platon, Phil, 37 Plato's 
about practicall matters are exceeding handsome and 
pertinent. 1683 Hacke Cod/ect. Voy. (1699) 1. 7 We concluded 
the ae - htop 8 ah was very Fe 
occasioned the Storm. 1 theneum 17 Mar. 3 
listen to the di: ing of an plish 3 man of betters 
.. is always a pleasure. 


Discou'rsing, ///. «. 
That discourses ; See the ver 
+1. Passing from premisses to consequences, 
reasoning ; reasonable, rational. vee A : 
‘mmort. Zu. xi. wan 
shot quick that Per Which dot us the erring 
correc! . Dicsy cone. ° ] 
The Fathers works : will. inform a dis- 


g as prec. + -ING 2] 


coursing of the true state 1642 R.CaRPENTER 
Baperience 1. v. 156 "Motives a to induce a dis- 
coursing man to forsake the Jesuits. 


DISCOURSIST. 


+b. Passing rapidly from one thonght to an- 


other; busily thinking. Ods. 

@ 1568 ASCHAM Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 78 A factious hart, a dis- 
coursing head, a mynde to medle in all mens matters. 1625, 
Bacon &ss., Truth (Arb.) 499 And though the Sects of 
Philosophers of that Kinde be gone, yet there remaine cer- 
taine discoursing Wits. 1638 Forp Lady's Triad uu. iii, We 
..Frame strange conceits in our discoursing brains. 

2. Talking, holding discourse ; delivering a dis- 
course. 

1568 Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) 76 A busie head, a dis- 
coursing tong, and a factious harte. 1644 BuLwer (¢2¢/e), 
Chirologia: or the Naturall Language of the Hand. Com- 
posed of the Speaking Motions, and Discoursing Gestures 
thereof. 1891 Daily News 2 Oct. 5/6 Mrs. Theodore Fry.. 
and Miss Orme, were the discoursing ladies. 

+Discou'rsist. Os. [f. Discourse v. + -Ist.] 
One who reasons or draws conclusions. 

1622 Mappe tr. Aleman's Guzman a’Alf. i, 205 Thereby 
every good Discoursist might come to the knowledge of the 
fault, and repent himselfe thereof. 

oursitive : see D1scouRSATIVE. 

+ Discouw'rsive, 2. Ods. [f. Discourse v. + 
-IVE: cf. discursive, which follows Latin analogies.] 

1. Of or pertaining to ‘discourse’ or reason; 
having the power of reasoning ; rational. 

1504 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 60 Vnderstood 
of the faculties or reasonable wits, which are discoursiue and 
actiue. 1645 RurHerrorD 7yal & Tri. Faith (1845 286 The 
prime faculty, reason, the discoursive power. 1649 DAVENANT 
Love & Honour 1. Dram. Wks. 1873 111. 109 The brute herd 
..though they want Discoursive soul, are less inhuman far 
than he. 1678 Lively Orac. 1. § 62. 261 He must be sup- 
pos’d..to have given men discoursive faculties. 

b. Proceeding by reasoning, argumentative. 

1588 J. Harvey (/7t/e), Discoursive Probleme concerning 
Prophesies. 1592 Nasue P. Pentlesse (ed. 2) 22a, Hee fell 
into a discoursive consideration, what this world was, @ 1652 
J. Situ Se?. Disc. iv. 94 All such actions. .we know, without 
any great store of discoursive inquiry, to attribute to their 
own proper causes. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscg’s Accomplish'a 
Woman 1. 221 Fortune gives kingdoms, but art no more 
than discoursive knowledge and science, , 

2. Passing from one thing to another, discursive. 

1s92 Davies Jmmort. Soul vit. xi. (1714) 52 His sight is 
not discoursive, by degrees; But seeing the whole, each 
single Part doth see. 1613 W. Browne Shefh. Pipe vii. (R.) 
Thou. .In thy discoursive thought, dost range as farre. 

3. Disposed or ready to discourse or converse ; 


talkative; conversable, communicative. 


1605 Dante Philotas Poems (1719) 321 See how these vain - 


Discoursive Bookmen talk. owELt For, Trav. (Arb.) 
30 The one Discoursive and Sociable, the other Reserved 
and Thoughtfull. 1669 Woop Li ext H. S.) II. 169 He 
found him a complaisant man, very free and discoursive. 

b. Of the nature of discourse or dialogue; con- 
versational. 

@1592 Martowe & Nasue Dio 1, (Rtldg.) 254/2 But thou 
art gone, and leav’st me here alone, To dull the air with my 
discoursive moan. cx1645 Howe t Le?t. (1650) III. ix.17 You 
promised a further expression of your self by way of a Dis- 
coursive Letter what you thought of Copernicus opinion. 
1668 Drypen Ess. Dram. Poesy in Arb. Garner IIL. 567 
For the Epic way is euery where interlaced with Dialogue 
or Discoursive Scenes. 1716 M. Davies Athen, Brit. ut. 
Crit. Hist. 111 The Editioning of..Ancient Authors, with- 
out any..long discoursive Comments, or long-winded 
Sententions-Notes. 

+ Discou'rsively, adv. Obs. [f. prec. + -LY?.] 
Ina ‘discoursive’ way: a. Rationally; b. Conver- 
sationally ; ¢. By way of a discourse or set speech. 

1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 7 To proceede tentatiuely, 
and discoursiuely, as the foresaid schoolemen vse to call it. 
1593 R. Harvey Philad. 7 You are very bookishly and 
literally wise, not reasonably and discoursively. 1642 
Howe tt For. Trav. (Arb.) 39 He hath made an introduction 
into the Spanish tongue ., so that... he may easily come to 

eit discoursively. 1656 CromwELL SZ. 17 Sept., Not 
discoursively, in the oratoric way; but to let you see the 
matter of fact. .how the state of your affairs stands. 

‘+ Discowrsiveness. Ods. [f. as prec. + 
*NESS.] The quality of being ‘ discoursive’. 

1627-77 Fectuam Resolves u. xliv. 245 The discoursiueness 


of Reason. 
+ Discou'rt, v. Olds. [f. Dis- 7 b+ Court sd. 


6.] trans. To dismiss or expel from court ; to de- 
prive of court favour; =Dxcourr. 

1585 Wotton Let. to Walsingham 1 June in Tytler //7st. 
Scot. (1864) 1V. 99/2 Whether ‘he might not be better dis- 
courted by way of justice. 161 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. 
xiv. 155 Jehu -. commanded all his officers to offer sacrifice 
to the Idoll-Gods, pretending to dis-court all such as refused. 
1676 W. Row Contx. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 436 Mid- 
dleton was like to be discourted. 1721-2 Woprow Hist. 
Suff. Ch. Scot. 1. v. (1828) 384 The chancellor threatened to 
disgrace and discourt him. 

urteous (diskGe-1tyas, -kd-1tyas), a. [fF 
Dis- 10+ Courrrous a.; prob. after F. discourtots 
(Cotgr.), earlier des-, or It.déscortese (Florio 1598).] 
Void of or lacking in courtesy; rude, uncivil. 

1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India7 Cortez..used discourteous 
words unto him in the presence of many. 1590 GREENE O77. 
Fur Wks. (Rtldg.) 98/1 Discourteous women, natures fairest 
ill. 1690 CrowNE Ene. Frierv. 44 Ladies are discourteous 
to themselves who take liberties discretion will not allow. 
1814 Sournry Roderick xvi, That e’er of old in forest of 
romance ’Gainst knights and ladies waged discourteous war. 
31877 Rita Vivienne m1. vii, Pardon me that in a moment of 
just indignation I have seemed discourteous. 

iscowrteously, adv. [f. prec.+-Ly 2.] In 
a discourteous manner; with incivility. 
1584 C. Rosinson Handf. Delites (Spencer Soc.) 19 Alas 


431 


my love, ye do me wrong, to cast me off discurteously. 1647 
Trapp Comm. Matt. v. 44 Abraham rescueth his nephew 
Lot, that had dealt so discourteously with him, 1845 Lp. 
Campsett Chancellors (1857) VI. cxxiii. 74 Peter, though so 
discourteously treated in this controversy, did not flinch. 
1870 Disrartt Lothair xlvi, Lord St. Aldegonde .. moved 
discourteously among them. 

Discouw'rteousness. 7ave. 
-NESS.] © Rudeness, incivility. 

1727 in Bartey vol. II, 1866 [see DiscourTeEsy]. 

Discourtesy (diskoe-stési, -ko-4-).  [f. Dis- 9 
+ Courtesy, after F. dzscourtozste (Cotgr.), earlier 
des- (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.); cf. It. dscortesta 
(Florio), Sp. descortesia (Minsheu).] The opposite 
of courtesy; rude or uncivil behaviour ; incivility ; 
an instance of this. 

1555 Even Decades 252 Mee thynke it shulde seeme a great 
discurtesie if I shuld not shewe yowe all that I knowe. 1599 
Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 154 Some jealousies and dis- 
curtesies passed lately betweene them and the Pope. 1611 
Suaxs. Cyd, u. iii. 101, I pray you spare me, ’faith I shall 
vnfold equall discourtesie to your best kindnesse, 1670 
Eacuarp Cont, Clergy 16 Such pretended favours and kind- 
nesses, as these, are the most right down discourtesies in the 
world, 1849 Macautay /fist, Eng. 11. 78 Ample apologies 
were therefore made for the discourtesy. 1859 ‘TENNYSON 
Idylls, Elaine 968, | pray you, use some rough discourtesy 
‘Yo blunt or break her passion. 1866 Mrs. Srowr Lét. /oves 
100 (heading) Discourteousness. .I think one of the greatest 
destroyers of domestic peace is Discourtesy. 

+Discowrtship. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + 
CourtsHip 1b.) = DIscourrEsy. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Monsieur, we must 
not so much betray ourselves to discourtship, as to suffer 
you _to be longer unsaluted. 

+ Discous, a. Oés. [ad. mod.L. déscdsus 
f. disc-us Disk: see -oUs.] Having a disk or 
disks; discoid. 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Renee) Discous or Discoidal Flowers 
.. whose FVoscudi or little Leaves, are set together so close, 
thick, and even, as to make the surface of the Flower plain 
and flat like a Dish. 1727 Battery vol. II. Déscous Flower 
..is that which has a Disk without any Rays, as in Tansy, 
etc. 1794 Martyn Rousscanu's Bot, xxvi. 384 Discoid, or as 
some call them discous flowers. 

+ Disco'venable, «. Ods. [a. OF. descoven- 
able, -convenadle, unsuitable, unbefitting, incon- 
venient, f. des-, DIs- 4 + co(m)venable; see Con- 
VENABLE, COVENABLE.] Unsuitable, unbefitting, 
inappropriate. 

[r292 Britton 1. xxix. § 5 Si la condicioun soit inpossible 
ou descovenable.] 1474 Caxton Chesse u. v. D viij b, The 
peple of rome .. no thynge shamefast to demaunde thynges 
discouenable. 1484 — CAzvalry 18 A discouenable thyng it 
shold be that a man that wold lerne to sewe shold lerne 
to sewe of a carpenter, 

+ Disco'venant, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + Cove- 
NANT v. I, or Dis- 7 a+ CovENANT 5b.) trans, To 
dissolve covenant with; to exclude from a covenant. 


Hence Disco'venanted ///. a. 

1650 Trapp Comm. Pentat. 1. 101 God will own them no 
longer ; they are now dis-covenanted. 1667 FLaveL Saint 
Indeed (1754) 34 If he had .. discovenanted my soul, I had 
reason to be cast down, 1702 C. Matuer Magu. Chr. v. 
App. (1852) 292 ‘They were once in covenant and never since 
discovenanted. 1861 Lytton & Fane Vannhduser 97 No 
more. .rebuild The rainbow of discovenanted Hope. 

Disco-venanter. vare—'. [f. Dis- 9 + 
COVENANTER 2.] One who refused to sign or ad- 
here to the (Scottish) Covenants; cf. COVENANT 
sb. 9. 

1827 Aikman Hist. Scot. 1V.vit.186 The secret malignants 
and discovenanters. 

Discover (diskv'va1), v. Forms: a. 4- dis- 
cover; also 4 deschuver, discoovir, 4-5 dys-, 
4-7 discouer, 5 -cuuer, -couyr, -couuer. 8. 4 
diskyuer, 5 dis-, dyskeuer. y. 4 descure, 4-6 
discour(e, -cure, 5 -cuyre, 5-6 -kure, 6 -cuir. 
5. 5-6 dis-, dyskere. [a. OF. descovr-ir, des- 
couvr-ir = Pr, and Sp. descubrir, It. discovrire (later 
-coprire),ad. med.L, discooperire, lateL. or Romanic 
f. Dis- 4+ L. cooperire to Cover. The OF’, stressed 
form descuevre, -queuvre, gave the Eng. variant, 
diskever (still déal.), and the vocalizing of v be- 
tween vowels, gave the reduced dscour, -cure, and 
diskere.] 

+1. vans. To remove the covering (clothing, roof, 
lid, etc.) from (anything) ; to. bare, uncover; esf. 
to uncover (the head), to unroof (a building), Ods. 

1382 Wycur Lez, xxi. 10 His heed he shal not discotiér, 
his clothis he shal not kitt. 14.. LypG. Temple of Glas 916 
Who pat wil. . Fulli be cured. . He most. .Discure his wound, 
& shew it to his lech. ¢ 1449 Pecock Repr. 1. x. 206 The 
principal Crucifix of the chirche schal be Discovered and 
schewid baar and nakid to alle the peple of the Processioun. 
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 362/2 She. .said to her sustres that 
they sholde discouere their hedes. 1520 Wuitinton Viele. 
(1527) 40 Let hym also..set his cuppe surely before his 
superyour, discouer it and couer it agayne with curtes: 
made, 1571 GriNDAL Articles 50 Whether any man hat 
pulled downe or discouered any Church, chauncell, or 

happell. 1627 Lisand Cal. v. 80 At the end of his 
sermon having discovered his head. 1628 Coxe On Litt. 
1. 53 If the house be discouered by tempest, the tenant must 
in conuenient time repaire it. : i 

+2. To remove, withdraw (anything serving as 
a cover); to cause to cease to be a covering. Ods._| 

1535 Stewart Croz. Scot. 11, 139 At the last the cloud 


[f. as prec. + 


DISCOVER. 


ane lytill we Discouerit wes, that tha micht better se. x61 
Bis_e Yer. xiii. 22 For the greatnesse of thine iniquitie are 
thy skirts discouered. 1618 CHAPMAN Hesiod 1. 161 When 
the woman the unwieldy lid Had once discover'd, all the 
miseries hid. .dispersed and flew About the world. 

3. To disclose or expose to view (anything 
covered up, hidden, or previously unseen), to re- 
veal, show. Now rare. 

c1450 Loneticu Grail lv. 175 Thanne browhte Aleyn this 
holy vessel anon .. & there it discouerede & schewed it 
kyng. 1535 CoverDALE /sa. xxvi. 21 He wil discouer the 
bloude that she hath devoured. 1613 Voy. Guiana in Har. 
Misc. (Malh.) IIL. 182 A goodly river, discovering a gallant 
Country. 1660 HickERINGILL Yamraica (1661) 39 Columbus, 
to whose happy search, the West-Indies first discovered 
it self. 1689 — Modest Ing. v. 35 Which Wrinckles I had 
rather Masque over and cover, than discover. 1716 Lapy 
M. W. Montacu Let. to Pope 14 Sept., The stage was 
built over a..canal, and, at the beginning of the second act, 
divided into two parts discovering the water. 1797 Mrs. 
Rapcurrre /tadian xxxii, ‘This discovered to Schedoni the 
various figures assembled in his dusky chamber. a 1861 
Croucu Fss. Class. Metres, Actacon 13 She..Swift her di- 
vine shoulders discovering. 1882 STEVENSON New 17ad. Nts. 
(1884) 121 ‘The nurseryman. .readily discovered his hoard. 
Jig. 1892 Newman Suytu Cho. Ethics 1. iii, 188 This mode 
of thinking discovers a cosmical moral significance in the in- 
carnation, 

+b. To afford a view of, to show. Ods. 

1600 EF. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 212 Upon the hils, which 
discover the enimies lodging and their trenches. 1638 Sir 
T. Hersert 7 raz. (ed. 2) 73 "Tis wall’d about, and to the 
N.N.W. discovers a lake or fish-pond five miles over. 
1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1. 64 From those flames No light, but 
rather darkness visible Serv’d only to discover sights of 
woe. cxrzro C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 112 An advanced 
piece of ground above all the rest .. discovers the Country 
a great Circuit round. 

c. To discover check (Chess): to remove a piece 
or pawn which stands between a checking piece 
and the king, and so to put the latter in check. 

(1614 A. Saut Chess viii, The Mate by discovery, the most 
industrious Mate of all.) 1816 Stratagems of Chess (1817) 
1r Place the queen, bishop or castle behind a pawn or a 
piece in such a manner as upon playing that pawn or piece 
you discover a check upon your adversary’s king. 1847 
Sraunton Chess Pl. Handbk. 20 When the King is directly 
attacked by the Piece played, it is a simple check; but when 
the Piece moved does not itself give check, but unmasks 
another which does, it is called a discovered check. /d/d, 
28 A striking though simple instance of the power of a dis- 
covered check, /did. 29 White must play his Rook to 
K.Kt.’s sixth square, discovering check with the Bishop. 
1870 Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Chess 42 Double Check is 
when check is discovered. .the King being also attacked by 
the piece moved. 

4. To divulge, reveal, disclose to knowledge (any- 
thing secret or unknown) ; to make known. arch. 

a. With simple object. 

a1300 Cursor M. 28293 (Cott.) Priuetis o fremyd and 
frende I haue discouerd ale vn-hende. ¢ 1350 Will. Palerne 
3192 Pis dede schal i neuer deschuuer, c 1386 CHAUCER 
Can. Yeo. Prol. §& 7.143 Thou sclaundrest me..And eek 
discouerest that thou sholdest hyde. ¢1470 Harpinc Chron. 
ui, The youngest suster the mater all discured To her 
husbande. ?¢1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 868 Anone he made 
hym swere His counsayl he should never diskere. 1 
Suaxs. Rom, & Ful. ut. i. 147 O Noble Prince, I can dis- 
couer all The vnluckie Mannage of this fatall brall. 1662 
J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. 5 They contain some 
secrets which Time will discover. 1712 W. RocGers Voy. 9 
(I) now thought it fit to discover to our Crew whither we 
were bound. 1751 Jonson Rambler No. 97 P 14 He 
honestly discovers the state of his fortune. 

b. With subord. cé. 

1599 SHAKs. Much Ado1. ii. 12 The Prince discouered to 
Claudio that hee loued my niece your daughter. 1845 J. H. 
Newman Le?¢. (1891) II. 460 Continually do I pray that He 
would discover to me if I am under a delusion. 

te. adsol. Obs. 

14.. Lypc. Temple of Glas 629 Lich him pat .. knowep 
not, to whom forto discure. 1659 Burton's Diary (1828) 
1V. 302 All means were used to make him discover, but he 
.. would not confess. 


+5. To reconnoitre. Also adso/. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xiv. 268 Furth till discouir, thair way 
thai ta. c1475 Rauf Coiljear 798 Derflie ouir Daillis, dis- 
couerand the doun, Gif ony douchtie that day for Lornayis 
was dicht’ 1§13 DouGLas 4neis 1x. ili. 196 Of the nycht 
wach the cure We geif Mesapus, the 3ettis todiscure. 1 
Unton Corr. (Roxb) 330 ‘The king this day goeth to the 
warr to discover. 1600 E. Buounr tr. Conestaggio 211 He 
issued foorth..with his whole army, onely with an intent 
to discover. 

6. To reveal the identity of (a person); hence, 


to betray. arch. 

¢1320 Sir Beues 74 Maseger, do me surte, bat pow nelt 
nou3t discure me To no wi3t !_ ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Merch. 7. 
698 Mercy, and that ye nat discouere me, 1465 Paston 
Lett. No. 527 Il. 234 A told me.. in noo wyse that ye 
dyskure not Master Stevyn. 1599 Warn. Faire Wom. u. 
524 Whither shal I fly? The very bushes wil dis-cover me. 
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 71 When hee asked 
who hee was, the Marquesse durst not discover him (so 
strictly was he tied by pose to conceale him). 1726 Adv. 
Capt. R. Boyle 264 She at last discover'd herself to me: 
She was Daughter-in-law to [etc.]. 1865 KincsLey Herevw, 
xix, He was on the point of discovering himself to them. 

+7. To manifest, exhibit, display (an attribute, 
quality, feeling, etc.). Ods. 

©1430 Piler. Lyf Marhode i. cxxv. (1869) 66 It is michel 
more woorth.. fs to diskeuere his iustice, and to say, 
bihold mi swerde whiche i haue vnshethed you. 1576 
Fieminc Panofl, Epist. 338 M. Clemens, to whome S. T. 
Moore hathe discovered a fewe sparckles of his benevolence 
towardes mee, 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 33, I haue 


DISCOVER. 


not. .store of plate to discover anie wealth. 1615 J. Sre- 
puens Satyr. Ess, 213 He will enter into a Taverne. . 
to discover his gold lace and scarlet. 1682 Bunyan Holy 
War (Cassell) 141 With what agility .. did these mili 
men discover their skill in feats Ee Meee he 
Revynotps Disc. 1v. (1876) 347 He takes as much pains to 
discover, as the greater artist does to conceal, the-marks of 
his subordinate assiduity. = 

b. esp. To manifest by action; to display (un- 
consciously or unintentionally); to exhibit, betray, 
allow to be seen or perceived. arch. 

¢1460 La Belle Dame 403 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 
65 If youre grace to me be Discouerte, Thanne be your 
meane soon shulde I be relevyd. 1556 Aurelio & /sab. 
(1608) I. vii, Then yowre regard discoverethe. .the desire of 
yowre harte. 1600 E. Brount tr. Conestaggio 117 The 
more he mounted, the more he discovered his incapacitie. 
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. ii. (1736) 29 The remaining 
Bones discovered his Proportions. 1 Lapetye Short 
Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 55 Vhe Timber .. discover'd a 
strong Smell of Turpentine upon the first Stroke of a Plane. 
1836-7 Sin W. Hamitton AMetaph.(1877) I. xviii. 341 She had 
never discovered a talent for poetry or music. 1887 7imes 
27 Aug. 11/3 He was bitten by a pet fox which subsequently 
discovered symptoms of rabies. 

ec. With subord. clause. 

1596 Srenser State /red. Wks. (Globe) 640/1 The which 
name doth discover them to be also auncient English. 1622 
J. Meape in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 126 How could 
that discover they were for Spaine? 1713 Pore Guardian 
No. 4? 2 A lofty gentleman Whose air and gait discovered 
when he had published a new book. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav. 
(1812) I. 425 All the Nagais still discover by their features, 
that they are of Mongolian origin. 1856 Emerson Eng. 
Traits, First Visit Wks.(Bohn) I1.7 Rousseau’s Confessions 
had discovered to him [Carlyle] that he was not a dunce. 

8. To obtain sight or knowledge of (something 
previously unknown) for the first time; to come to 
the knowledge of; to find out. 

a. With simple object. 

1555 Even Decades 2 Colonus .. in this fyrst nauigation 
discouered vj Iandes. 1585 T. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay's 
Voy. 1. v. 4 Wee discovered at the Seas two Foystes which 
came even towardes the place where we were. 1670 Mayn- 
warinGc Physician's Repos. 90 This alkalisate property was 
first discovered by preparation and tryals. 1783 H. yt 
Lect. Rhet. x. (Seager), We invent things that are new; 
we discover what was before hidden. Galileo invented the 
telescope ; Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood. 
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 176 Banks’s Islands .. were dis- 
covered by Captain Bligh in 1789. 1860 ‘T'yNDALL G/ac. 11. 
xvii. 317 The sounds continued without our being able to 
discover their source. 

b. With sudord. clause or inf. phrase. 

1556 Aurelio & /sab. (1608) Biij, Your love shal be dis- 
covered to be false. 1676 Lister in Aay’s Corr. (1848) 125, 
I am glad you have discovered those authors to be plagi- 
aries. 1727 Swirt Gulliver u. viii. 169 He sent out his 
long-boat to discover what I was. 1868 Lockyer Elem. 
Astron. vi. (1879) 228 Dr. Wollaston in .. 1802 discovered 
that there were nike lines crossing the spectrum in different 
places. 1892 Sir H. E. Loves in Law Zimes’ Rep. LXVII. 
150/2 The defendant Burton says he discovered that he had 
made a mistake. 

ce. To catch sight of; tosight,descry, espy. arch. 

1576-90 N. ‘I’. (L. Tomson) Acts xxi. 3 And when we had 
discouered Cyprus, we left it on the jefe hand. 1585 ‘I. 
Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xi. 13 In the evening we 
discovered the citie of Gigeri. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's 
Trav. 23 From the top of the hill you discover Aden, stand- 
ing in uae plain. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 373 November 
3, we discover'd England, whose Chalky Cliitg gave us all 
avast Delight. 1817 SHettey Nev. /slam vu. xl. 5 Day was 
almost over, When through the fading light I could discover 
A ship approaching, 

+9. ‘To bring into fuller knowledge; to explore 
(a country, district, etc.). Ods. 

rs82 N. Licuerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind, \xxv. 
154 In commission to go & discouer the red Sea with the 

‘ountreyes adiacent. 1670 Narsoroucu Fraud. in Acc. Sev. 
Late Voy. 1. (1711) 43, I sent in my Boat to discover the 
Harbour, and see ifthe Pink was there, 1778 Eng. Gazetteer 
(ed. 2) s.v. Tingmonth, The Danes landed here in 970, to 
discover the country previous to their invasion of it. 1 
Prescott Peru 11, 192 He was empowered to discover and 
ote the country for the distance of two hundred leagues, 

+10. intr. To make discoveries, to explore. Ods, 

1582 N. Licnertern tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. iv. 10b, 
Vpon Christmas daye, they had discouered along the Coast, 
three score and tenne leagues to the 5 rts. | 1685 R, 
Burton Eng. Emp. Amer. ii. 39 Capt. Henry Hudson in 
1607 discovered farther North toward the Pole than perhaps 
any before him. 1821 Sourney E.xfed. of Orsua 129 We 
set out from Peru for the river Maranham, to discover and 
settle there. 

+b. ‘To have or obtain a view; to look; to see. 

1599 Haxtuvr Voy. IL. 1. 234 Standing at the one gate 
you may discouer to the other. 1647 SaLtmarsH Sfark. 
Glory (1847) 141 They that have discovered up into free- 


grace or the mystery of salvation. Hotcrorr Procopius 
1. 20 From a hil discovering round, they saw a dust, and 
soon after a great troop of Vandals. 1667 Lp. Dicny Elvira 


u, vii, There's ere the street, it is so light One may 
discover a mile. by 2 rE Ess, Crit. 647 He steer'd securely, 
and discover'd far, Led by the light of the Mzonian star, 

+11. ¢rans.and intr. To distinguish, discern. Ods. 

1620 E. Bount Horae Subsec. 45 is kind of Flatterie 
. is so closely intermixed with friendship, that it can hard) 
be discouered from it. 26g0 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (16 3) 

1 Discover better betwixt the Spirit of God and t 

orld. 1655 Mr. Worcester Cent. Juv. vi, Far as Eye 
can discover black from white. 1796 Mxs. E. Parsons 
Myst. Warning U1. 59 A semblance of honour I had not 
the penetration to discover from a ‘ges § ; 

Hence Disco'vering vé/. sb, and ffi. a. 

c1350 Will. Palerne 1044, 1 drede me of descuuering, for 
3e haue dwelled long. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 242 Thus 


Even Decades fj agg oe Hy ns of anwar 
DEN De 31 yrste tu este 
Indies. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. Wiii. 349 To the 


womanly errs See 

middle ‘Transome would be bar to a mans eye, hinder- 

some to the free discoverin; the Countrey, CLAREN- 

pon Contemp. Ps., Tracts oay) 668 Who love such discover- 

Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth w. 
ins also, are instrumental to the 

Discovering of Amber. 


Discoverabi'lity. [f. next: see -rry.] The 
baie of being discoverable; capability of being 

ound out. 

1840 CaktyLe Heroes i. (1872) 4 Belief that there is a 
Greatest Man; that he is discoverable. the ‘ discoverability’ 
is the only error here. 1867 Sabbath on Rock ii. 42 To set 
os discoverability as the test of a moral law. 

scoverable (diskv-varab'l),a. [f. Discover 
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being discovered or found 
out; discernible, perceptible, ascertainable. 

1572 in Sir F. Drake revived (1628) 24 Some fit place 
..- where we might safely leave our Ship at Anchor, not dis- 
couerable by the enemy, 1628 Earte Microcosm., A weake 
Max (Arb.) 59 One discouerable in all sillinesses to all men 
but himselfe. 1736 Butter Anad, u. i. Wks. 1874 I. 154 
Containing an account of a dispensation of things not dis- 


ing words [etc.]. 
(1723) 244 Rivers and 


coverable by reason. 1751 Jounson Kambler No. 183 ? 8 
Its effects. .are everywhere discoverable, 1856 Froupe ///s¢. 
Eng. 11. x. 413 The report..is no longer extant. Bonner 


was directed by Queen Mary to destroy all discoverable 
copies of it. 1873 M. ArNotp Lit. § Dogma (1876) 2&4 Pro- 
voking it by every means discoverable, 

Disco'verably, adv. [f. prec. + -ty*] So 
as to be discovered ; perceptibly. 

1646 Six T. Browne /seud. Ef. 1. iv. 79 Saltes [attract].. 
but weakely..nor very discoverably by any frication. 184 
CaryLe Past & Pr. u. iii. (1845) 69 The river Lark, fee. 
not very discoverably, still runs or stagnates in that country. 

+ Disco-verance. 0és. rare—'. [f. Discover 
v. + -ANCE: cf. obs. F. descouvrance (16th c. in 
Godef.).] The action of discovering ; discovery. 

1664 Power £xf. Philos. 1. 33, 1 have another advan- 
tageous way of discoverance of them to the bare eye also. 

Discovered (diskz-vaid), pp/. a. [f. Discover 
v, +-ED 1.) 

+1. Uncovered; bare ; having the head bare. 

iy Caxton Chivalry 88 That daye that he seeth the 
hede of his wyf or ony other bare and discourd. 1579 
Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 99 The campe of the Florentines 
.. being pitched in a place so open and discouered. 1594 

3LUNDEVIL £-xerc. ul. u. iv. (ed. 7) 378 Leaving other partS 
of the earth drie, and discovered. a 1638 Mepe Ws, (1672) 
61 Having their faces discovered, their hair dishevelled. 
1644 R. Batu Lett. §& Fruds. (1841) IL. 149 In preaching 
he [Mr. Nye] thinks the minister should be covered and the 
people discovered. 1692 J. M. Zingis 147 Seeing his Head 
discover’d, he knew him to be the Prince of Brema, 

2. Made manifest; found out, revealed, divulged. 

ate Bett Haddon's Answ, Osor. 173 Whatsoever is 
decreed either by his covered or discovered will. 1603 
Knottes Hist, Turks (1638) 91 Which companies. .came 
neer to the town unseen or discouered. 1670 CLARENDON 
Ess. Tracts (1727) 133 Upon the most discovered and notor- 
ious transgressions 1718 Motreux Quix. (1892) I, xxxvi. 
278 The whole length of the discovered world. 1864 Pusry 
Lett. Daniel ix. 542 His discovered error. 

b. Discovered check (Chess): see DISCOVER 2. 3 Cc. 
Hence + Disco'veredly adv., ey, manifestly. 
1659 Torriano, A//a-scopérta, openly, discoveredly, in 

view of all. : 

Discoverer (disk»’varo1), Forms: 4 discurer, 
5 des- dys- discoverour, dyscowerer, -cuerer, 
-curer, discurrour, -owr, -cowrrour, 6 (S¢c.) 
discuriour, 6- discoverer. [ad. OF. descouvreur, 
-eor (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. découvreur, 
f. descouvrir to Discover = It. discopritore, Sp. 
descubridor ; repr. late L. type *dixooper trem, 

+1. One who makes known, discloses, or reveals 
(a secret); an informer. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 27469 (Cott.) Pe tent if he tell o pis man 
° ie es he discurer tea. c ne Pr . Parv. 122/1 Dys- 
curer, or dyscowerer of cownselle (v. 7. discuerer), arditrer. 
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 122 Wine saith Ovid, 
is the discoverer of secrets. _ Norris Pract, Disc. 
(1707) IV. 155 Jesus Christ is the first Discoverer of the 
other world, Lurrrett Brief Red. (1857) 11. 606 The 
authors are searched for, and great rewards offered to the 
discoverers. 1710 Parmer Proverds 198 There is somewhat 
of a universal abhorrence in men's minds to a discoverer. 
1778 Phil. Surv. S. Tret. 25x V'll turn discoverer, and in spite 
of you,.I shall heir, 

+2. One sent out to reconnoitre; a scout, spy, 
explorer. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1x. 244 The discurrouris saw thame 
cumande With baneris to the vynd vafand. 1513 DouGias 
Aéneis \, viii. 124 And with discuriouris keip the coist on 
raw. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husd, wv. (1586) 175 b, 
They [bees] send abroad their discoverers to finde out more 
foode. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V, tv. i. 3 Here .. send dis- 
couerers forth, To know the numbers of our Enemies. 1625 
Br. Mountacu Appeal Casar xxxvii. 320 A field of Thistles 
seemed once a battell of Pikes unto some Discoverers of the 
Duke of —— 

3. One who discovers or finds out that which was 
previously unknown. 

1600 Hakuyr Voy. py lat as wae hat was the test 
discouerer by sea, that hath bene in our age. 1602 WARNER 


DISCOVERY. 


1718 Prior K: 319 gn isles which our 
coverers find. 1855 uLay Hist, Eng. 1V.691 He was 
not..the first great whom prii and 

had regarded as a dreamer. ’ 

+ 4. (?) An umpire between two combatants in a 
tournament. Oés. 

(Cf. 1440 in 1). Lybeaus Disc. 925 Taborus and trom- 
pours, Winale one descoverou a strokes gon des- 
crye. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. 77, tan. 1) 12 Not onely.. 
to see. .their manly feates..but also to discoverer 


+ Disco-verment. Ods.vare—'. [f. Discover 
v. + -MENT: cf. OF. descouvrement mod.F. dé- 
couvrement, Sp. descubrimiénto.] = DIscovEry. 


1600 Farrrax 7asso xv. xxxix. 274 time. .prefixt for 
this discouerment. 


Disco-vert, a.and sd. [a. OF .descovert, -couvert, 
pa. pple. of descouvrir (also used subst.), mod.F. 
découvert = med.L. % piokaae. a pple. of dis- 


cooperire to DISCOVER.] ij 
+1. Uncovered, exposed, unprotected. Ods. 


¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 738 As he huld is scheld vp so, dis- 
couert was al ys side. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr.(W.de W. 
1495) I. xlviii. 94/2 Seenge the caue broh dy 
a1geo Chaucer's Dreme 6 Flora..with hire mantel hole 


coverte That winter made had discoverte. 1525 Lp. Berners 
Froiss. 11. clvii. (cliii.] 429 The quenes lytter was richely 
ay lled and discouert. 

. Law. Of an unmarried woman or a widow: 
Not covert, not under the cover, authority, or pro- 
tection of a husband ; cf. COVERT a. 4. 

1729 G. Jacon Law Dict. (1736), Discovert is used in the law 
for a woman unmarried or widow, one not within the bands 
of matrimony. 1883 Law Ref. 23 Ch. Div. 715 The wife’s., 
interest cannot come into existence until she is discovert. 
1886 Law Times LXXXI1. 171/2 The married lady had not 
disposed of the income when discovert. 

+ B. sb. An uncovered or exposed state. Jz or 
at discovert, in an uncovered condition ; off one’s 
guard. [OF. @ descovert.| Obs. 

[1292 Britton m1. xv. § 3 En presence de bones gentz tut 
a descovert.] 13.. A. Adis. (Laud MS.) 7407 (W. 7418) Ac 
Alisaunder was sone hym by And smoot hym in be discouerte 


Wip strooke al to pe herte. c1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. 
P 640 Pe deueles a at hym at discouert by temp- 
tacion on euery syde. ¢ 1450 Merlin 331 Nascien ., smote 


the kynge Rion so harde at discouert vpon the lifte side 
that dag ie to the erthe. 1590 T. Lopce Euphues’ 
Gold. Leg. in Halliw. Shaks, V1. 15 Love..taking at 
discovert stroke her so deepe, as she felt herselfe growin; 
passing sionate. axzsgz Greene Ardasto viii, Cupid 
. seeing her now at discovert, drew home to the head. 

Discoverture (disksvautii). Zaw. [f. Drs- 
COVERT a. 2 after coverture. Cf. OF. descouverture 
discovery (15th c. in Godef.).] The state or con- 
dition of being discovert, or not under coverture : 
cf. COVERTURE 9. 

1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 111. soz Within ten years next 
after his and their full age, discoverture, coming of sound 
mind..or coming into this realm, Ce Riceerdid ny Rep. 
= 157/x During..the minority and ure of any 
e ie. 

Discovery (diskv'vari). Also 6-7 -rie. [f. 
Discover v., app. after the analogy of recover, 
recovery. But the latter represents OF. recovrée, 
rvecuvrée, recouvrée, Romanic n. of action from pa. 
pple. feminine, L. type vecuperata. The corresp. 
sb. from descovrir, viz. descoverte, mod.F .découverte, 
It. discoperta, L. type *discooperta, was not taken in 
English in this sense: in early times discovering 7 
was used ; subsequently we find discoverance, dis- 
coverment ; discovery was established in the latter 
half of the 16th c., and is frequent in Shakspere, 
Cf. deliver-y, also battery, flattery, which associate 
themselves with da/ter, fatter, though not actually 
derived from these. 

+1. The action o yar 9m or fact of becoming 
uncovered ; opening (of a bud, etc.). Ods. ‘ 

1658 Sin T, Browne Gard. Cyrus iii, Seeds themselves in 
their rudimentall discoveries, appear in foli 

2. The action of disclosing or divulging (any- 
thing secret or unknown); revelation, disclosure, 
setting forth, explanation. Now rave. 3 

1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary u. (1625) 101 In the discovery 
whereof my tainds ia..t0 iver what is my owne opinion. 
1601 Ho1tann Péiiny 1. 219 How significant is their dis- 
couerie of the beast ynto hunter. 1614 [see Discover 
3c). 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 285 Cer- 
tain Dutch Merchants, cloath'd in Persian habi ., they 
made no discovery of themselves. Daven Kind Keeper 
u. i, Come, make a free discovery which of em your Seer 
isto Charm. 1737 Col. Rec. Pennsylv, 1V. 276 Resolved... 
J make a re — affair. by BLACKSTONE 

te i 
pp aenet pa o of death to. ea full discovery of ali 


his estate and effe as well in ex as Pp i 
1828 Scorr /. MM, Perth xxv, She Prould thee meet him, 
determined to make a full discovery of her ts. 

b. Law. Disclosure by a to an action, at 
the instance of the prada of or documents 
necessary to maintain his own title. 

1715 Act 2 Geo, / in Lond. Gas. (i736) No. 5455/2 The 
Person suing..shall be entitled. .to a very of 
all Incumbrances .. any Lg affecting the same. 
Biackstone Conrme. 11. 437 From the .. compulsive 
discovery upon oath, the courts of equity have acquired 


DISCOVERY. 


‘a jurisdiction over almost all matters of fraud. 1848 Wuar- 
von Law Lex. s.v., A bill of discovery, emphatically so 
called, is a bill for the discovery of facts resting in the 
knowledge of the defendant, or of deeds, or writings, or 
other things, in his custody or power. 1863 H. Cox /stit. 
u. iy. 405 In the superior courts of common law .. either 
y to a cause has a right .. to obtain discovery of docu- 

ments in his opponent’s cn relating to the matter 
in dispute. Law Times 20 Oct. 411/1, I obtained 
discovery, and the result was that an authority, signed by 
the defendant, who had forgotten all about it, was disclosed. 

+e. The action of displaying or manifesting (any 
qeity, ; manifestation. Ods. 
ont LEMING Panofl. Epist. 57 That they .. should not 

ly in the discoverie of their skill make him glorious, but 
themselves also. 1692 Drypen St. Euremont’s Ess. 42 It 
was then the Romans..made a discovery of their, Mag- 
nificence. 1759 Jounson Rasseas xvi, His companions .. 
could make no discovery of their ignorance or surprise. 

d. The unravelling or unfolding of the plot of a 
play, poem, etc. 

1727-51 Campers Cycl., Discovery, in dramatic poetry, 
a manner of unravelling a plot, or fable..wherein, by some 
unforeseen accident, a discovery is made of the name, 
fortune, quality, and other circumstances, of a principal 

‘son, which were before unknown, 1870 L’Estrancr 
Viiss Mitford 1. iv. 108 The dénouement of ‘ Marmion’ 
and that of ‘The Lay of the Last Minstrel’ both turn on 
the same discovery. 5 

3. The finding out or bringing to light of that 
which was previously unknown; making known: 
also with @ and £/,, an instance of this. 

1553 in Hakluyt Vay. (1589) 265 The voyage intended for 
the discouerie of Cathay and diuers other regions, dominions, 
islands, and places unknown, 1601 SHaks. AZ/’s Weld i. 
vi. 99 He will steale himselfe into a mans fauour, and for 
a weeke escape a great deale of discoueries, but when you 
finde him out, you haue him euer after. 1653 H. Cocan tr. 
Pinto's Trav. xx. 71 Attired after the Chinese fashion, for 
fear of discovery. 1676 Ray Cor. (1848) 126 Those dis- 
coveries and new inventions are not granted even to such 
men..unless [etc.]. 1748 Axson’s Voy. 1.x. 232 The dis- 
corey of new countries and of new branches of commerce. 
1794 ALEY Evid. 11. ii. (1817) 67 Morality..does not admit 
of discovery, properly so called. 1846 LANDor /mag. Con. 
II. x Shew me..a discoverer who has not suffered for 
his discovery. .whethera Columbus ora Galileo, 1846 Grorr 
Greece 1, xviii. (1862) II. 458 The voyage was one of dis- 
covery, 1894 Whitaker's 4 Zmanac 594/2 Ferrier’s discovery 
of cerebral localization. 

+b. Exploration, investigation, reconnoitring, 
reconnaissance. Ods. 

1605 Suaks. Lear v. i. 53 The Enemys in view .. Heere 
is the guesse of their true strength and Forces, By dilligent 
discouerie. 1669 N. Morton New Eng. Mem, 17 About 
thirty of them went out on this second Discovery .. but 
upon the more exact discovery thereof, they found it to be 
no Harbour for Ships, but onely for Boats. 1719 De For 
Crusoe (1840) I. vi. 115 I had a great desire to make a more 
perfect discovery of the island. 1774 Gotpsm. Grecian 
Hist, U1, 275 He was therefore commanded to make some 
further discoveries. 

+e. The getting a view (of anything); descrying, 
viewing ; view. Oés. 

1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage vil. xi. 592 In the first place 

resents it selfe to our Discoverie that Sea. 1616 Suri. & 

ARKH. Country Farme, ‘The hills, which are commonly 
called the views or discoveries of parkes. 1650 FULLER 
Pisgah u, v. ii. 144 He could not at that distance have 
taken a discovery of them. 

d. U.S, Mining. ‘The first finding of the mineral 
yr ing in place upon a mining claim’ (Raymond). 

tz BRACKENRIDGE Views Louisiana (1814) 147 What is 
called a discovery, by those engaged in working the mines, 
is, when any one happens upon an extensive y of ore. 
188r Raymonp Mining Gloss. s.v., A discovery is necessary 
before the location can be held by a valid title. The open- 
ing in which it is made is called discovery-shaft, discovery- 
tunnel, etc. ‘ es: A 

+4. Information, indication, or evidence that 
brings anything to light. Ods. 

1648 Cromwett Lez. 17 June in Carlyle, We have plain 
discoveries that Sir Trevor Williams. .was very deep in the 
plot of betraying Chepstow. 1699 Bentiry Phal. 356 By 
this we may have some Discovery of Nossis’s Age. 1705 
Stannore Paraphr. 1. 273 Marks which were thought 
sufficient Discoveries of their being dictated by the same 


Spirit. 

5. That wherein the discovery consists; the 
matter or thing which is discovered, found out, 
revealed, or brought to light. (In quot. 1657, 
property discovered to be held without title.) 

1632 Marmion /Yollana’s Leaguer v. v, Vl open but one 
leaf..And you shall see the whole discovery. 1657 Burton's 
Diary (1828) I1. 102 A Bill for settling of Worcester House 
+.upon Margaret, Countess of Worcester .. and some dis- 
coveries in lieu of the arrears of her fifths. a@ 1682 Sir T, 
Browne Tracts (1684) 210 The Friers .. brought back into 
Eu the discovery of Silk and Silk Worms. 1780 Cowrer 
~Table-t. 752 ‘Then spread the rich discovery, and invite 
Mankind to share in the divine delight. 1837 Penny Cyc? 
eae No indication that the mariner’s compass was a 
recent uscovery. 

6. attrib.and Comb. Discovery-claim (A/ining), 
the portion of mining-ground to which the disco- 
verer of a mineral deposit has a claim; the extra 
‘claim’ to which a discoverer is entitled: see 3d. 

1779 Suerwan Critic m. i, One of the finest discovery- 
scenes Lever saw. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 11. 99 
One or two discovery vessels were generally attached to 
_every whale-fishing expedition sent out. 1 F, D. Ben- 
nett Whaling Voy. 1. 44 The British discovery-sloop 
Swallow. did. 228 To enforce the restitution of property 
stolen from the discovery-ships, : 

Vou, III, 


freende. 


433 


+ Discra‘dle, 7. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 7¢ + 
CRADLE 5b.) ¢rans. To turn out ofa cradle. 7vt. 
for vefl.) To emerge from the cradle. 

1634 Vorp 2. IVarbeck 1. iii, We know all, Clifford, fully 
since this meteor, This airy apparition first discradled From 
‘Tournay into Portugal. 

Discrase, -crasite, etc. : see DYSCRASE, etc. 

Discreace, -crease, obs. var. DECREASE. . 

Discreate (diskr7\zt), v. [f. Dis-6 + Create 
v.] trans. To uncreate, annihilate, reduce to no- 
thing or to chaos (anything created). 

1570 Dee Math. Pref. 4 Vhere and then, that particular 
thyng shalbe Discreated. r59r Syivrster Du Bartas 1. ii. 
318 Both vyniting .. appeas'd the brall, Which doubtless 
else had discreated all. ¢ 1845 CLoucu Early Poenis, Eri 
Adtpw 40 Self-created, discreated, Recreated, ever fresh, 
Ever young! 1870 Swinpurne Ode Proclam. Fr. Rep., 
‘Thou hast set thine hand to unmake and discreate. 

Hence Discrea'ted ///. a.; also Discrea‘tion, 
the action of uncreating ; the undoing of creation. 

3627-77 FettHam Resolves u. Ixxvii. 324 The latter is 
a double Creation, or at least a Dis-creation, and Creation 
too, @1628 F. Grevitte Sidney x. (1652) 130 The dark 
Prince, that sole author of dis-creation and disorder. 1879 
G. Macvonatp Siv Gibdie IIL. vii. 108 The strange, eerie, 
silent waste, crowded with the chaos of dis-created homes. 

Discredence (diskridéns). rare. [f. Dis- 9 
+ CREDENCE; cf. OF, d7s-, descredence distrust.] 

+1. Discredit, ill repute. Ods. 

1591 7roub. Raigne K. Fohn (1611) 53 We all are vndone, 
And brought to discredence. 

2. Disbelief. 

1626 W. SciratTer xf. 2 Thess. (1629) 171 Discredence of 
such truths doth not preiudice any in his saluation. 1813 
‘T. Bussy Lucretius 11, Comm. xxxvi, A total discredence 
of the soul's mortality. 1849 7adt’s Mag. XVI. 753 The 
denial would imply discredence of the faith. 

+ Discre‘dible, a. Ols. [f. D1s- 10 + Crept- 
BLE.] 

1. Not to be believed, unworthy of belief. 

1580 Lupton Sivgila 139 Giving men warning .. not to 
deale with such a discredible person. 

2. Reflecting discredit; discreditable. 

1594 Death of Usurie 39 The discredible account hath 
beene made of Vsurers in most ages. 1652 UrQuHart 
Fewel Wks. (1834) 179 [They] have in the mindes of 
forraigners engraven a discredible opinion of that nation. 

Discredit (diskre-dit), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Crepit 
sd., after Discrepit v.; cf. Sp. descredito (Minsheu 
1599), It. discredito, F, discrédit (1719 in Littré).] 

1. Loss or want of credit ; impaired reputation ; 
disrepute, reproach ; an instance of this. 

1565 Act 8 Eliz. c.7. § 1 The Slander and Discredit of the 
said Commodities in Foreign Parts, where..they are grown 
out of Estimation and Credit. 1576 FLeminc Panofd, 
Efpist. 290 Penning infamous libels to the discredit of his 
159t GreENeE Disc. Coosnage (1592) 9 Either 
driuen to run away, or to liue in discredite for euer. 1605, 
Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. i. § 1. 3 Learning..I thinke good to 
deliuer .. from the discredites and disgraces which it hath 
receiued. 1749 Fietpinc 70 Fones, Both religion and 
virtue have received more real discredit from hypocrites, 
than .. infidels could ever cast upon them. 179 Boswe.t 
Johnson Advt., A failure would have been to my discredit. 
I cE htetred Plato (ed. 2) I. 342 Such conduct brings dis- 
credit on the name of Athens. 

2. Loss or want of belief or confidence; dis- 
belief, distrust. 

1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. x1. (1739) 63 The Saxons 
were utter enemies to Perjury; they punished it with 
eternal discredit of testimony. 1863 Gro. Exior Rosmola 
1. xxxix, ‘There were obvious facts that at once threw 
discredit on the printed document. 1868 Morn, Star 
25 Feb., The answers..had the effect of throwing discredit 
upon his previous evidence. : 

b. Comm. Loss or want of commercial credit. 

1740 W. Douctass Discourse 30 Insensibility of Discredit, 
does naturally. follow long Credit. 1779 FRANKLIN Lett. 
Wks. (2889) VI. 355 Any measure attending the discredit of 
the bills. 186r Goscuen For. Exch. 105 The influence 
of credit or discredit will not be forgotten. 1885 Pa/Z 
Mall G, 13 Apr. 5/1 The course of the discount market de- 
pends upon credit or discredit, as the case may be. 

Discredit (diskredit), v. [f. Dis- 6+ Crepir 
v.: prob. after F. dserédit-er (16th c. in Littré), 
or It. déscreditare.] 

1. ¢rans. To refuse to credit, give no credit to; 
to disbelieve. 

1559 Br. Scor in Strype Anz. Ref I. App. vii. 17 If they 
returne to the truthe agayne, their testimonies in the truthe 
be not to be discredetid. 72656 Bramuatt Reflic. ii. 100 
To discredit any one of these lesser truths .. is as much as 
to deny the truth of God. x8r5 W. H. Iretanp Scribdleo- 
mania 201 A statement which there is no reason to dis- 
credit. 187r Atapaster Wheel of Law 251, 1 see no 
particular reason to discredit the Ceylonese tradition, 

2. To show to be unworthy of belief; to take 
away the credibility of; to destroy confidence in. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. viii. 19 Now let these 
dogges deny [it]..or let them discredit the historie. 1570-6 
Lamparve Peramb, Kent (1826) 69 If he shall seeke to 
discredit the whole worke. ?1656 BRAMHALL Ref/ic. v. 
206, I spake. .this..to discredit that su ititious treatise. 
*703 Maunprete Yourn. Ferus. (1721 2 The behaviour 
of the Rabble without very much discredited the Miracle. 
1866 J. Martineau £ss, I, 161 The idea is. discredited by 
modern science, . 7 > 

3. To injure the credit or reputation of; to bring 
into discredit, disrepute, or loss of esteem. 

1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 60 Doist thou not 


DISCREET. 


verelye suppose I shalbe utterlye discredditid and quite 
disgracid for ever? 1579 Lyty Huphues (Arb.) 191 He 
obscureth the parents he came off, and discrediteth his 
owne estate. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 63 Many 
retired themselves from this Party, which for a time was 
much discredited. 1769 Ropertson Chas. I’, V.v. 400 In 
order to recover the reputation of his arms, discredited by 
so many losses, 1868 FreeMAN Norm, Cong. (1876) 11. 
App. 636 Henry is said to have been discredited for the 
death of Thomas. 
+b. To injure the commercial credit of. Ods. 

1622 [see DiscrepITED]. 1732 Dr For Eng. Tradesman 
ii, 25 The clothier is discourag’d, and for want of his money 
discredited. 

Hence Discre‘diting v/. sb. and ff/. a. 

157% St. Trials, Duke Norfolk (R.), It is not for my Lord 
of Norfolk to stand so much upon the discrediting the 
witnesses. 1589 Cooper Adon. 21 Which they looke to 
bring to passe, by the discrediting of the Bishops. 1770 
J. Crusse Physiognomy 73 Any discrediting circum. 
stances. 1892 A thenvum 6 Feb. 173/1 The utter and final 
discrediting of the Government, 

Discreditable (diskre‘ditab'l), a. [f. Dis- 10 
+ CREDITABLE: after DiscrEpi? 56. and v.] The 
reverse of CREDITABLE; such as to bring discredit ; 
injurious to reputation; disreputable, disgraceful. 

1640 R. Baitiim Lett, & Frids. (1841) I. 250 Eishu [eschew] 
that discreditable stroke. 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. 
ut. iv, Wks, 1811 IIL, 132 He contends .. for God’s having 
a human form: No discreditable notion, at that time in 
the Church, 1776 Apam Sautn IV, Nw 1. v. (1869) I. 46 
‘They would be precluded..from this discreditable method. 
1849 Macautay “ist. Eng. 11.151 Employing in self-defence 
artifices as discreditable as those which had been used 
against him, 1856 Froupr Hist, Eng. (1858) I. iv. 290 A 
discreditable effort to fasten upon him a charge of high 
treason, 

Hence Discreditabi‘lity, the quality of being 
discreditable, disreputableness ; Discre‘ditably 
adv., in a discreditable manner, disreputably. 

1837-9 Hatta “Hist, Lit. vi. u. § 32 Many names, which 
might have ranked not discreditably by the side of these 
tragedians, 1888 A, J. Batrour in Daily News 17 May 
6/3 ‘The meanness and the discreditability of such a pro- 
ceeding. 389% Law Times XCI. 1/2 Work in both Chancery 
and Divorce is discreditably in arrear. 

Discre‘dited, //. a. [f. Discrepir v. + 
-ED.] Brought into discredit or disrepute ; that has 
lost credit. 

161r Cotcr., Deshonoré, dishonoured, discredited, dis- 
graced, 1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 113 1f the Factor 
do sell another mans commoditie to a man discredited... 
and it falleth out that this man breaketh [etc.]. 1674 Boyir 
Excell. Theol. 11. v. 203 Obsolete errours are sometimes re 
vived as well as discredited Truths. 1790 Burke /7. Rev. 
Wks. V. 88 The discredited paper securities of impoverished 
fraud. 1887 Spectator 29 Oct. 1456 Natural theology, he 
says, has become a discredited science. 

+Discre‘ditor. Ols. rave. [f. Discrepir v. 
+-OR: cf. creditor.] One who discredits or destroys 
confidence in anything. 

1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1. iii. § 3 (R.) This 
course, which the wise man reproaches in the licencious 
discreditors of future accounts. 

Discreet (diskrit), a. (adv. and sd.). Forms: 
4-6 discret, 4-7 discrete, 6-7 discreete, 5- dis- 
ereet, (5 discrett, dyscrete, 5-6 Sv. discreit, 
6 disscrete). [ME. déscret, discrete, a. F. discret, 
-éfe (12th c. in Littré), ‘qui se conduit avec dis- 
cernement ’, ad. L. discvétus, in late L. and Rom. 
sense: cf. It. and Sp. dzscreto ‘ discreet, wise, wary, 
considerate, circumspect’ (Florio), ‘discreet, wise 
to perceiue’ (Minshen). A doublet of DiscrevTr, 
differentiated in sense and spelling. 

In cl. Lat., d/scvét-us had only the sense ‘separate, dis- 
tinct’, as pa, pple. of discernéve, whence the corresponding 
mod. F. sense of discret, and Eng. Discrete. ‘The late L. 
sense, which alone came down in popular use in Romanic, 
seems to have been deduced from the cognate sb, discré- 
1/éx-em, originally the action of separating, distinguishing, 
or discerning, and then the faculty of discernment ; hence 
the adjective may have taken the sense ‘ possessed of dis- 
cernment’. 

In Eng., discrete was the prevalent spelling in all senses 
until late in the 16th c., when on the analogy of native or 
early-adopted words in ee from ME. close 2, as feet, sweet, 
heed), the spelling dzscreet (occasional from 1400) became 
established in the popular sense, leaving discrete for the 
scholastic and technical sense in which the kinship to L. 
discrétus is more obvious : see Discrete. Shakspere (1st 
Folio) has always discreet.) 

A. adj. 

1. Showing discernment or judgement in the 
guidance of one’s own speech and action ; judicious, 
prudent, circumspect, cautious ; often es. that can 
be silent when speech would be inconvenient. a. 
Of persons. 

1340 [implied in DiscrertLy]. ¢1386 Cuaucer Doctors 7. 
48 (Ellesm.) Discreet she was in answeryng alway [so 
Heng.; Harl. & Corp. discret, 3 MSS. discrete]. 1388 
Wycutr Zcclus, xxxi. 19 Vse thou as a discreet and temperat 
man these thingis. c1440 Gesta Rom. i. 4 The clerke.. 
is a discrete confessour. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems |xxxii, 66 
Gar 30ur merchandis be discreit, ‘That na extortiounes be. 
I Tinpate Titus ii. 5 ‘lo be discrete [so Cranmer & 

eneva ; 161% discreet], chast, huswyfly. 1569 J. RoGrrs 
Gi, Godly Love 180 A wife ought to be discret. 1579 Lyiy 
Euphues (Arb,) 145 To be silent and discreete in companye 
++ 1s most requisite fora young man. _1§98 Fiorio, Dis- 
creto, discreet. 1644 Mitton Fdem. Bucer (1851) 332 We 
must ever beware, lest .. we make our selvs wiser and! 

55° 


a 


DISCREETFULLY. 


discreeter then God, 1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 
251 His wife being very reserv'd and discreet in her hus- 
bands presence, but in his absence more free and jolly. 
1733 Pork Hor, Sat. 1. i. 69 Satire’s my weapon, but I’m 
too discreet To run a muck, and tilt at all 1 meet. 1832 
W. Irvine Adhambra IL. 111 You are a discreet man, 
and I make no doubt can keep a secret: but you have 
a wife. 1839 THirtwatt Greece VI. 33 A well-meaning 
and zea cer, not very discreet or scrupulous, 
b. Of speech, action, and the like. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7roylus m1. ) So wyrcheth now in 
so pone a wyse, That I Rane 7 ting he ples- 
aunce. 1393 Lanct, P. Pl. C. vi. 84 Preyers of a parfyt 
man and penaunce discret. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 217/1 


She aroos up with a glad visage a dyscrete tongue and | 


wel spekyng. 1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe u. xix. (1539) 346 
There is neyther meate nor drynke, in the use wherct onsht 
to be a more discrete moderation, than in wyne. 1601 
Swaxs. Twel. N.1v. iii. 19 A smooth, discreet, and stable 
bearing. 1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues & V.47 Not by 
peg? f but by diserget secrecie. 1667 Mitton }. L, vil. 
550 What she wills to do or say Seems wisest, virtuousest, 
discreetest, best. 1791 Cowrer //iad xii. 562 At length 
as his discreeter course, he chose ‘To seek AZneas. 1883 
Wuts Mod. Persia 48 We maintained a discreet silence. 
2. In Sc. ‘applied more to behaviour towards 
others; hence, well-spoken, well-behaved, civil, 
polite, courteous; ‘not rude, not doing anything 
inconsistent with delicacy towards a female’ (Jam.). 
(1727-46 THomson Summer 1370 Dear youth !.. By fortune 
too much favoured, but by love, Alas! not favoured less, 
be still as now Discreet.) 1782 Sir J. Stnccarr Odserv. 
Scot. Dial. 100 (Jam.) He is a very discreet (civil) man, it 
is true, but his brother has more discretion (civility). 1812 
A. Futter Let. in Life C. Anderson vii. (1854) 198 You are 
what your countrymen call ‘a discreet man’. 18.. Black. 


Mag. (O.), I canna say I think it vera discreet o’ you to | 


keep pushing in before me in that way. 1860 Ramsay 
Remin, Ser. 1. (ed. 7) 105 Discreet .. civil, kind, attentive. 
+3. Kare 16th c. spelling of Discrete, q.v. 
+ B. as adv. =DiscrEetLy. Obs. 


1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 101 Best advised, 
discreetest governed, and worthiest. 


+ C. sb. A discreet person; a sage counsellor; | 


a confidential adviser : applied to ecclesiastics ; cf. 
Discretion 8. Ods. 

1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 90 Wardens, discretes, and 
ministers, And wother offices of prelacy. 1533 More A/fo/. 
xxii, Wks. 882/2 A great some remaining after al the 
spiritual folke sufficiently prouided for, then had it bene 
good that he hadde yet farther deuysed, how it would 
please him that his discretes should order the remanaunt. 

+ Discree'tfully, adv. Os. =next. 

1737 L. Crarkxe Hist, Bible (1740) 1, vi. 279 Hushai 
answered him discreetfully enough. 

Discreetly (diskritli), a/v. [f. DiscrEET + 
-Ly 4.) In a discreet manner; with discretion ; 
prudently ; with self-regarding prudence. 

c1340 Hampote Prose 77. 25 Wysely and discretely thei 
departed hir levynge intwo. cr Wycur Sel. Wks. U1. 
170 Crist askes two binges of pin almes, pat pou do it in 
hys name, and also discretly. 1494 Fanyan Chrou, 1. vi. 12 

auynge possession of the Scere, Wele and discretly she 
ruled it. x Tinpace Mark xii. 34 lesus sawe that he 
answered discretly. 1596 SHAKs. 7am, Shr.1.i. 247 Vse 

our manners discreetly in all kinds of companies. 1654 

VELYN A’ad. Hort. (1729) 201 Flowers of that class should be 
discreetly prun’d, where they mat too thick. 1775 Jounson 
Tax. no Tyr. 79, 1 could wish it more discreetly uttered. 
1871 Mortry Leutaire (1886) 7 He never counted truth a 
treasure to be discreetly hidden in a napkin. 1891 E. Pea- 
cock NV. Brendon 1. 32 Ellen remained discreetly silent. 

Discreetness (diskr7inés). [f. as prec. + 
= The quality of being discreet ; discretion. 

1530 Patsur, 214/1 Discretenesse, discretion. 1647 H. 
More Song of Soul ui. iii. 11. lviii. (R.) Patience, discreet- 
nesse, and benignitie .. These be the lovely play-mates of 
pure veritie. 1863 Kinctake Crimea II. 150 They had 
relied upon the mature judgment and the supposed dis- 
creetness of Lord Raglan, 1865 Lewes in Fortn. Rev. 11. 
699 We detect. .the sensitive discreetness of the style. 

+Discreeve, v. Obs. rare. 
DescrIvE, in its erroneous use (| 4) for descry, 
and so = To disclose, discover, 

a1765 Ballad, ‘ Sir Cawline’ iii. in Child Ballads (1885) 
ut. No, 61. 58/1 Nothing durst hee say To discreeue his 
councell to noe man, — ‘Chxistopher White’ ii. Ibid. w. 
No. 108. 439/r Loth I was her councell to discreene [?-eeue]). 

Discre ce (di‘skr/pans, diskre‘pains). [a. 
OF. discrepance (Godef.), ad, L. discrepantia dis- 
cordance, dissimilarity, f, déscrepare not to har- 
monize, to differ: see DiscrEPant.] 

1, The fact of being discrepant ; want of agree- 
ment or harmony; disagreement, difference. 

614as Wyntoun Cron, 1. x. 45, I fynd sic discrepance 
That I am noucht of sufficiance For to gare bame all 
accorde. 1460 Capcrave Chron. 54 There was no discre- 
pauns in sentens, ne variauns in wordes, 1563-87 Foxe 
A. & M. (1596) 3/ We.. will search out what discrepance 
is between them. 1640 R. Baiwurr Canterd. Selfconvict. 
Postscr. 14 Betwixt us and our Prince there is no discre- 
pance. 1804 Ldin. Rev. V. 66 The only instance of dis- 
crepance we have remarked. 1881 Nature XXIV. 387 

authors are unable to discover the cause of this dis- 


crepance. | 
+2. Distinction, difference. Ods. 
_ 1531 Exyor Gov. n, iii, Ther hath bene ever a discrepance 
in vesture of youthe and age. ar Latimer Serm. & 
Rem, (1845) 2y There is a great discrepance between 
certain knowledge and clear knowledge. 1§72 Bossewett 
Armorie 10 Almightie God ..euen in the heavens hathe 
ae a a “ Bar aus 


P is Spirites, giuinge them 
seuerall names, as Ensignes of honour, ¢16rr CHAPMAN 


App. a form of | 


43.4. 


ns x1. 442 The discrepance He made in death betwixt 
the hosts, 
+3. Variation, change (of action). Obs. rare. 
c1g60 A, Scorr Poems (E.E.T.S.) 35 Continewance in 


Cupeidis dance, Bot di: , wit! 
Dise: (diskrepansi, di'skrépansi). [f. 
as prec. +-ANncY.} The quality of being discrepant ; 


want of agreement ; variance, difference, disagree- 
ment. 

By Cocxeram, Discrepancie, di: ing, difference. 
1625 Br. Mountracu Aff. Caesar 147 There is.. discrep- 
ancie of opinion among Divines both old and new. 1748 
J. Genves Composition of Antients 13 Who again is not 
offended with discrepancy and discord? 1837 WHEwELL 
Hist. Induct, Sc. (1857) 11. 186 Their discrepancy as to 
quantity was considerable. 1868 Freeman Norm, Cong. 
(1876) II. App. 617 There is little or no discrepancy as to 
the facts. ; 

b. with a and f/. An instance of this; a differ- 
ence, an inconsistency. 

1627-77 Fe.tHam Resolves u. xlvii. (R.) It would be 
evinced from these two seeming discrepancies. 1794 PALEY 
Evid. 1. ix. § 6. (1817)249 Eusebius .. wrote expressly upon 
the discrepancies observable in the Gospels. 1855 H. Sren- 
cer Princ, Psychol. (1872) 1. 1. ii. 410 Discrepancies between 
thoughts and facts. 187§ Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 515 
Some discrepancies may be observed between the mythology 
of the Politicus and the Timaeus. ( 

Discrepant (di'skr/pant, diskre-pant), a. and 
sb. Also 6 discripant, discrepante. es Lk. 
discrepant-em, pr. pple. of discrepare to differ, lit. 
to sound discordantly, f. Dis- 1 + crepdre to make 
a noise, creak.] A. adj. 

1. Exhibiting difference, dissimilarity or want of 


h ny; diffe discord inharmoni in- | 
armony; different, discordant, inharmonious, in- | Noliaun” Thel xii.ts 


consistent. Const. from, + to. 

1524 St. Papers Hen. VIII, 1V. 100 It were ferre dis- 
crepant from the Kinges honour to have the treaty of peax 
with Scotland concluded .. by Lieutenauntes. 153% ELyor 
Gov. 1. 
beastes. c1gss Harrsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 236 
This marriage ..was much more discrepant to the said 


xxv, Wherin he is moste discrepant from brute | 


livided 5 
which doth not take his beginning from the first 
Aries, 1634 Peacam hy pom mL 


i 


Aa 
A. Barratt Phys. Metempiric 59 To hold to- 
gether, keep discrete, A ultaneous shocumenn: 
+B. spelt discreet, ; 
1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. xii. 71 The waters fall with differ- 
ence discreet, Now soft, now loud, unto the wind did call- 
+b. Music. Applied to tones separated. by 
fixed or obvious steps or intervals of pitch, as the 
notes of a piano; also to a movement of the voice 
from one pitch to another, as distinguished from a 
concrete movement or slide, Cf. CoNCRETE 1 b. 
1864 WessTeR cites Rusu, 
ce. Pathol. Separate, not coalescent or confluent: 
applied to stains, spots, or pustules, when scattered 
separately from each other over a surface, as in 
discrete small-pox (F. variole discrete), 

-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol, 218, 1882 
Carpenter in 19th Cent, Apr. 531 The discrete, ‘ distinct’, 
or ‘benign’ form being by no means a severe di even 
among the unvaccinat 1893 Daily News 4 Mar. 5/4 
A woman .. whose children been removed for discrete 
small-pox. 

d. Logic. Individually distinct, but not different 
in kind. 


| 1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Lagic xi. (1866) I. 209 In so far 
as 


mspecies are considered to be different but not con- 
tradictory, they are properly called Discrete or Disjunct 
‘1. 224 Notions co-ordinated in the 


quantity or whole of extension. .are only relatively different 


laws. 1 Cupwortu J/uted/. Syst. 478 The Vulgar The- 
| ology of the Pagans .. was oftentimes very discrepant from | 
the Natural and True Theology. ax Nortu Exam. 


| oF Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 


ul. vii. § 49 (1740) 539 The King’s Notions and his were 
very discrepant. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii, II. 11 A desire 
..to blend together. .two discrepant legends. 1866 RoGers 
Agric. & Prices \. xiii. 196 Since the price is so discrepant 
from that in the neighbourhood of Oxford. 
+2. Apart or separate in space. Ods. rare. 
1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 49b The Tilastrelles were 
discrepant fowre paces one from another. a 1649 Drumm. 
13/t Further discrepant 
than heaven and ground. 1818 ears Endym. Wi. 343 
Sea-mew’s plaintive cry Plaining discrepant between sea 
and sky. 
+ B. sé. One who disagrees ; a dissentient. Ods. 
1647 Jer. Tavtor Lid. ci i vii. 141 None could have 
triumph'd so openly over all discrepants as this. /did. xvi. 
216 If you persecute heretickes or discrepants, they unite 
themselves as to a common defence, 


Hence Diserepantly adv., with discrepancy; in | 


contrary ways. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne in. ix. (1632) 562, I am. Dg 
vowed .. to speake confusedly, to speak discrepantly, 

cedar ore (diskr/peit), v. rare. [f. L. dis- 
crepat-, ppl. stem of discrepare to differ : see prec.] 

+1. intr. To differ, be discrepant. Ods. rare. 

1623 in Cockeram [ frin‘ed Discrepitate]. 1657 Tomuin- 
son Kenou's Disp, 331 Some make three varieties .. which 
seem solely to discrepate in magnitude. 

2. a. frans. To distinguish. b. zntr. To dis- 
criminate or make a distinction. 

1846 L. Hunt Stories /tal. Poets in Lonel. Dest) 

72 To discrepate Samson from Hercules, 1894 G. R. 

{atner Two great Scotsmen 2 It would be akin to sacri- 
lege for us to discrepate between the two brothers. 

iscrepation (diskr/pé'fon). rare. [n. of 
action f, prec.) ‘ta. Difference. Os. b. Dis- 
crimination. 

1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle, etc. (a us Twixt his first 
coming and his latter one ‘There will found much dis- 
crepation. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. 11. 
Pope's own discrepation of i lity from debauch 

iscrese, -cresse, obs. var. DECREASE. 

Discrested: see Dis- 7 a. 

Discrete (diskrit), a. (sb.) Also 6 discreet, 
[ad. L. discrét-us ‘separate, distinct’, pa. pple. of 
discernére to separate, divide, Discern: cf. later 
sense of F, discret, discrdte ‘ divided, separate’. 

In the sense of cl. L. discrétus, discrete was used by 
Trevisa (translating from L.), but app. was not in — 
use till late in 16th c, But in another sense, ‘ discern- 
ing, prudent’ (derived through French), diseret, discrete 
was well-known in popular use from the 14th c.; this, even 
in late ME., was occasionally spelt discreet, which spelling 
was appropriated to it about the time that discre¢e in the 
L, sense began to be common ; so that thenceforth discrete 
and discreet were differentiated in spelling as well as in 
meaning: see Discreet. Before this, while discrete was the 
prevalent form for the later discreet, it is only rarely (see 
I — that discreet appears for the present discrete. 

. adj. 

1, Separate, detached from others, individually 
distinct. Opposed to continuous. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xix. cxvi. (1495) 919 One 
is the begynnynge of alle thynges that is contynual and 
d e, 1§70 Der Math. Pref. 13 Of distinct and discrete 

nits, 1594 Biunpevit Zrerc, ul. 1, xxxi. (ed. 7) 339 Of 


4 


(or diverse); and in logical language are properly called 
Disjunct or Discrete Netlaus, 1864 Bowen Logic iv. 66, 
e. Discrete degrees: applied by Swedenborg to 
the various degrees or levels of spiritual existence, 
conceived as so distinct and separate from each 
other, as to render it impossible for any subject to 
pass out of that one for which he is constituted. 

1788 tr. Swedenborg's Wisd. Angels ut. § 236 In every 
Man from his Birth there are three Altitude, or 
discrete Degrees, one above or within another. 
Grinvon Life (1863) 319 Where things are differentiated 
a discrete degree, the commencement of the new one is.. 
on a distinct and higher level. ; < 

2. Consisting of distinct or individual parts; dis- 
continuous. pee 

Discrete quantity, quantity composed distinct units, 
as the rational bers ; ber, Distinguished from con- 
tinuous quantity = magnitude, 

1570 BituincsLey Euclid u. i. 62 Two contrary kynds of 
quantity, quantity discrete or number, and quantity con- 
tinual or magnitude. 1687 H. More Answ. Psychop. (1689) 
123 Inseperability, continued Amplitude, belongs to Spirits 
as well as discrete Quantity. 1 Reiw /nt. Powers ut. 
iii. 311 Duration an ion are not di e, but con- 
tinued quantity. | /éid. 342 Number is called discrete quan- 
tity, b it is pounded of units, -9 HaLtam 
Hist. Lit, 1. viii. u. 322 note, They were ing 


| continuous or geometrical, not merely with discrete or 


| arithmetical qreney. 


| discrete, 1893 


1876 H. Srencer Princ. Sociol. 
1877) 1. 475 The parts of an animal form a concrete whole; 

t the parts of a society form a whole that is discrete. 
1893 Forsyru 7. Functions 584 If there be no infinitesimal 
substitution, then the group is said to be discontinuous, or 
Harkness & Mortey 7h. Functions so 


| To Hankel we owe the idea of a discrete mass of points. 


b. Belonging to, pertaining to, or dealing with, 
distinet or premcmte parts. 

Discrete tion ISCONTINUED proportion, 

1660 R. oon Justice Vind. 23 All Geometrical rl 
tion is either discrete, or continued. Discrete is, when the 
p ergga vationum ae — Ve ye ant ie 2. roa 
t we) a 4. term. 1 ‘HILLIPS ersey), iscre. 
isjunct Proportion. Dove Logic Chr, Faith 422 
olen Protrtin May Do Ean Ca 


+ 3. Gram. & Logic, Of conjunctions : adversative. 
Of propositions: discretive. Applied also to the 
two members of such a proposition, separated by 
the adversative eomjenctins. OK fies 

628 T. Spencer Logick 237 That jome iscrete, 
that hath a discrete Coniuartion for the thereof. 
Ibid, 239 The coniunction which tyes the parts together, 
is calle discrete : and in this place hag Spats no heaps but 

thing w eepes two asunder, present. a@ 
Mepr. 1 fost. latter Times i. Wks. 1672 ut, 623 The Works 
.. of my Text (Nevertheless, the it, etc. x 7¥m. iv. 1 
depend upon the last of the former Chapter, as the 

rt of a Discrete proposition. 1654 Z. Coxr Logick 
1657) 119 A discrete sentence, is, which hath a discrete 
unction ; as, al‘hough, yet, notwithstanding, etc, 
H. Mons Myst. [xig, Apol- pt (It will} run in this form 
a Discrete Axiome, I will ve you walt on, sae 


a meeting, though your cloaths be old or out of the 
4. Metaph. Not concrete; detached from the 
material, abstract. Sis 
1854 Fraser's Mag. L. 343 The mental march from con- 
crete or real notions to d or ab truths, 1862 
ete a (a ee 
sees objects, to pref to discrete ones. 
B. sh. A separate part. 
a ifford . XViii. Break it 
hag of of fo Gatien se edly) 
Discrete, early form of DISOREE?, 


DISCRETE. 


+ Discre‘te, 7. Ods.  [f. L. discrét- ppl. stem 
of discernére to separate: see Pisome.) trans. 
To divide into discrete or distinct parts; to sepa- 
rate distinctly, dissever. 

Sr T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. i, 55 The reason thereof 
is its continuity, as..its body is left imporous and not dis- 
creted by atomicall terminations. 1656 BLounr Glossogr., 
Discreted, severed, parted, discerned. 1857-8 Srars A than. 
vii. 316 This essential dualism discretes for ever the two 
worlds of spirit and matter. 

Discret (diskr7tli), adv. rare. [f. DiscrETE 
@.+-LY2.] Ina discrete manner ; separately. 

1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), s.v. Discrete proportion, These 
Numbers are proportional ; but ’tis only discretely [s7spr. 
directly] or disjunctly. 1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/. s.v. Dis- 
crete. ¥ Proctor Ess. Astron. xxvii. 338 The same 
telescope shows the stars projected discretely on a perfectly 
black background. ; 

Discreteness (diskritnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being discrete: a. Dis- 
continuity. b. The consisting of many individual 
parts. 

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. ii. § 9 (1875) 29 When the 
size, complexity, or discreteness of the object conceived be- 
comes very great, only a small portion of its attributes can 
be thought of at once. 1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant u. xvii. 
605 We bring together the two moments of unity and 
diversity. .continuity and discreteness. 1893 P. S. Moxon 
in Barrow World's Parl. Relig. 1. 467 The whole signifi- 
cance of man’s existence lies ultimately in its discreteness 
+-in the evolution and persistence of the self-conscious ego. 

Discretion (diskrefan). Forms: 4-6 discre- 
cion, 4- discretion; also 4 discrescioun, dys- 
erecyun, -ioun, 4-5 discression(e, 4-6 -cre- 
tioune, 5 dis-, dyscrecioun, -yone, -youn, 
-crescion, -cressioun, -cretyown, 6 discrecyon, 
-tione, -creation, dyscreccion, -cretion. [a. 
OF. des- discrecion distinction, discernment (It. 
discresione, Sp. discrecion) ad. L. discrétion-em 
separation, distinction, and later, discernment, n. 
of action from déscernére (ppl. stem adiscrét-) to 
separate, divide, Discern.] 

. [From ancient Latin sense of discrétio.] 

1, The action of separating or distinguishing, or 
condition of being distinguished or disjunct; sepa- 
ration, disjunction, distinction. 

This is perhaps the meaning in quot. 1340; otherwise this 
sense is found only since end of 16th c. : cf. Discrete. 

[ce 1340 Hamrote Prose Tr. 12 Thynkynge of heuen with 
discrecyone of all mene dedes.] 1590 R. Bruce Serons, 
Without discretion of His substance fra His graces. 1607 
Toprsett Serpents (1658) 747 It is some question among the 
learned, whether there be any discretion of sex. 1614 
Jackson Creed 11. 197 The same rule..might..serue for 
certaine discretion of true Prophets from false. 1677 GALE 
Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 82 Al the notions of Virtue or Sanctitie 
..import Discretion, Separation, Singularitie, Preeminence. 
1890 J. H. Stirvinc Gifford Lect. xviii. 351 Time and space 
are a concrete, of which the one is the discretion and the 
other the continuity. 1892 E. Cairp £ss. Lit. § Philos. 
II. 522 Mind is a pure self-determined unity..which has no 
discretion of parts or capacity of division or determination 
from without. - 

II. [In late Latin sense of déscrézzo.] 

+ 2. The action of discerning or judging ; judge- 
ment ; decision, discrimination. Oés. (exc. as pass- 
ing into 4, or the phrases in 5.) 

€1374 CuAucer Boeth, ut. pr. x. 93 Take now pus pe dis- 
cressioun [Camd, MS. descression] of pis questioun, quod 
she. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 283 Sumtyme a man mai 
not 3eue a discrecioun of blood frourine. 1460 ForTEscuE 
Abs. & Lim. Mon, xx, Considryng that they lak it bi the 
discrecioun of pe kynges counseil. 1463 Bury Wills (Cam- 
den) 16 By the discrecion of my executours. 1547-8 Ordre 
of Communion 17 Twoo peces, at the least, or more by the 
disc of the minister. 1568 Mary Q. Scors in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. U1. 253 Y refer all to your discretion. 
Ve Wuirreneap 2, sores. (1845) I. viii. 90 She put it 
to Myte’s discretion whether he would continue to harbour 
a young knave. . ; 

+3. The faculty of heresy discernment. Ods. 

ste Lay Folks Catech, (Lamb. MS.) 620 Ofte pou hast 
bro! : yaaa hestys A ee pou haddyst dyscrecioun of 
g and euyl. pe ycLir 1 Cor. xii. 10 To another [is 
3ouun] discrescioun, or verrey knowynge, of spiritis. x 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 123b, The e.. called dis- 
crecyon, or discernynge of spirytes is but in fewe persones. 
1563 J. Davivson Confut. Kennedy in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 
(1844) I. 253 Discretione betwix the rycht understanding 
of thaim fra the wrang.. 165 Hosses Leviath. 1. viii. 33 
Sa etion of times, places, and persons necessary to a 
good Fancy. eS ; 

4. Liberty or power of deciding, or of acting 
according to one’s own judgement or as one thinks 
fit; uncontrolled power of disposal. 

1399 Kolls of Parlt, U1. 451/2 Mercy and grace of the 

ng as it longes to hym .. in his owene discretion. 1432 
Paston Lett, No. 18 I: 32 Where he shal have eny persone 
in his discrecion suspect of mysgovernance. 1581 Petrie 
Guaszo's Civ, Conv. 1. (1586) 153 Not to put himselfe to 
the discretion of his servants, for the ordering of his house. 
1693 Mem. Cut. Teckely 1. 73 If Transilvania were left to 
the Discretion of the Turks [etc.]. 1724 Swirt Drafier's 
Lett., Let. to Harding 4 Aug., He leaves it to our discre- 
tion, 1780 Burke Econ. Reform Wks. ILL. 334 If a dis- 
cretion, wholly arbitrary, can be exercised over the civil list 
revenue. .the plan of reformation will still be left very im- 

ct. x8x2-16 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. § Art 1. 386 This 
practice. .leaves to the discretion of the workman the deter- 
mination of the matter in which he is most apt to err. 
31849 Macautay Hist. Eng. J. 185 As to the form of worship, 


435 


a large discretion was left to the clergy. 1874 Morey 
Contpromise (1886) 182 We may all write what we please, 
because it is in the discretion of the rest of the world whether 
they will hearken or not. 

b. Law. The power of a court of justice, or 
person acting in a judicial capacity, to decide, 
within the limits allowed by positive rules of law, 
as to the punishment to be awarded or remedy to 
be applied, or in civil causes how the costs shall 
be borne, and generally to regulate matters of pro- 
cedure and administration. 

In English-speaking countries a criminal judge dealing 
with offences not capital has generally a considerable dis- 
cretion as to the punishment. 

[1292 Britton 1. xvi. § 7 Et si autrefoix de mauvesté soint 
atteyntz, adunc soit en la descrecioun des justices de juger 
les a la mort, ou de fere couper le autre oraille.] 1467 Ordin. 
Worcester in Eng. Gilds (1870) 379 Vppon the peyne of xxs. 
or more, after the discression of the Bailey and Aldermen 
of the seid cite. @1626 Bacon A/ax. & Uses Com. Law 
(1636) 21 The judges may set a fine upon him at their 
pleasure and discretions. 1890 Lp. Esurrin Law Times 
Rep. LXIIL. 734/2 The judge .. should not treat it as a 
matter within his discretion whether he will order the 
witness to answer or not. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 
72/2 ‘That the costs of references .. should be in the dis- 
cretion of the arbitrators. 1892 Sir E, FE. Kay in Law 
Times Rep. UXVIUL, 151/2 It is a matter of discretion 
whether the judge should give that leave to defend, and 
if he does, what terms he will inypose. 

5. Phrases. a. Ad the discretion of, according 
to the discernment or judgement of, according as 

he) thinks fit or pleases; a¢ dtscretion, at one’s 
own sense of fitness, mere good pleasure, or choice ; 
as one thinks fit, chooses, or pleases. b. 70 szt- 
render, yield, etc., at discretion, formerly to the 
enemy's discretion, on, upon discretion, i.e. to be 
disposed of as he thinks fit ; at his disposal, at his 
mercy ; unconditionally. 

1577 Hanmer Anc, Eccl, Hist, (1619) 389 Distribute them at 
thy discretion among the poore. 1630 2. Fohnson's Kingd. 
& Commw. 525 Their office is to place and displace Church- 
men at discretion. 1700 S. L. tr. /ryke's Voy. E. Ind. 218 
One Vessel of Beer .. free for any body to go to, and Drink 
at Discretion. /ézd. 294 This I leave the Reader to believe 
at Discretion. 1706 Pritutrs (ed. Kersey) s.v., To Live at 
Discretion (a Military Phrase) to have free Quarters. 1724 
De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 189 We reckoned ourselves 
in an enemy’s country, and had lived a little at large, or at 
discretion, as it is called abroad. 1834 1. Jud. Sketch Bk. 
II. 4 Admitting at discretion as much light and air as may 
be agreeable. 1863 Fr. A. KemBte Resid. in Georgia 43 
Power to inflict three dozen lashes at his own discretion. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V1, 85 All the garrison yelded 
them symply to his mercy and discrecion. 1628 Hospes 
Thucyd. (1822) 110 Conceiving that they might have gotten 
the city to discretion. 1632 Massincrr Mad of Hon. i. i. 
(Rtldg.) 191/1 He. .exacts. .the goods and lives Of all within 
the walls, and of all sexes, To be at his discretion. 1632 
J. Havwarptr. Biond’’s Eromena 151 [This] gave occasion 
to such as remained to yeeld themselves to the enemies dis- 
cretion. 1659 B, Harris Parival’s [ron Age 224 General 
Wranghel..took., Paderborn at discretion. 1684 Loud.Gas. 
No. 1953/3 They write from Duseldorp. .that Buda was Sur- 
rendred on discretion. 1691 Lurtrett Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 
272 The garison surrendring upon discretion. 1702 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 3830/2 All the Country. .will lie at our Discretion. 
1732 Gentl. [nstr. 154 (D.) If she stays to receive the attack, 
she is in danger of being at discretion. 1758 Jortin Evasm. 
I. 592 Roterdam was some days at the discretion of these 
rioters. 1878 Bosw. SmitH Carthage 83 The inhabitants 
surrendered at discretion, but they had to undergo all the 
horrors of a place taken by storm. 

III. (Cf. Discrzer.] 

6. Ability to discern or distinguish what is right, 
befitting, or advisable, esp. as regards one’s own 
conduct or action; the quality of being discreet ; 
discernment ; prudence, sagacity, circumspection, 
sound judgement. 

1303 R. Brunne Handl, Synne 10162 Dyscrecyun a ry3t 
wyt ys, On bobe partys ry3tly to ges. 1340 Ayend. 155 Hit 
be-houeb hyealde riz3tuolnesse and discrecion. c 1477 Cax- 
TON Fason 4b, Thou art not yet pourueyed of discrecion for 
to gouerne thy Royaume. 1548 Hatt Chron, Hen. VI, 
97b, Eche of them, shal as farfurth as their connynges 
and discrecions suffisen, truly..advise the kyng. 1596 
Suaxs. 1 Hen. JV, v. iv. 121 The better part of Valour is 
Discretion. 1597-8 Bacon £ss,, Discourse (Arb.) 20 Dis- 
cretion of Speech is more than Eloquence. 1682 GLANiIUS 
Voy. Bengala 149 This King. .derided his discretion. 1720 
Swirt Fates PY Clergymen, Discretion, a species of lower 
prudence. 1796 Jane Austen Sense & Sens. (1849) 53 Do 
you not now begin to doubt the discretion of your own 
conduct? 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. § 21. 110 That por- 
tion of temper and discretion which are necessary to the 
contemplation of beauty. 

b. Age of, years of, discretion: the time of life 
at which ‘a person is presumed to be capable of 
exercising discretion or prudence; in Eng. Law 
the age of fourteen. 

1395 £. E. Wilis 5 lf Thomas here sone forsayd dyeth or 
he haue age of discrecioun. 1447 Boxennam Seyntys( Roxb.) 
47 Whan she to 3eris of dyscrescyon Was comyn aftyr ther 
lawes guyse.. Wedded she was. 1545 Brinktow Comfi. v. 
(1874) 18 The partyes neuer fauor the one the other after 
thei come to discrecyon. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 23 a, 
The age of discretion is saide the age of xiiii. yeares. tee 
Rowtanps Hell's Broke Loose 24 Wee'le have no Babes to 
be Baptized, Vntill they come to yeeres of ripe discretion. 
x73. OLDSM. Stoops to Cong. 1. 1, He’s not come to years 
of discretion yet. 1848 WHARTON Law Dict, 21/1 A male 
.. at fourteen is at years of discretion, so far at least that he 
may enter into a binding marriage. 


! 


DISCRETIVE. 


7. Sc. Propriety of behaviour, esp. of female 
conduct, as opposed to lightness or coquetry ; 
civility, courtesy to a guest, etc. (Jam.) 

1782 [see Discreet a, 2]. 

+8. An honorary title formerly frequently applied 
to bishops, and sometimes to noblemen (DuCange>. 
Cf. your worship, your honour. 

1426 Surtevs Misc. (1890) 10 If it lyke vn to your wirship- 
full and wyse discrecion, 1523 Lp. Berners /'ro/ss. 1. ccccix. 
712 Right dear and puissaunt lordes: to your right noble 
discressyons, please it you to known, that we haue receyued 
right amiably the letters to vs sent. @ 1555 LATIMER Serm. 
& Rent. (1845) 296 Your discretion, therefore, will take this 
matter into consideration, 

+b. A fanciful term for a ‘company’ of priests. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans ¥ vija, A Discrecion of Prestis. 

+ Discre‘tionable, ¢. Oés. rare. [f. prec. + 
-ABLE.] Subject to or decided by discretion. 

1799 G. Smitu Ladoratory I. 437 Take a discretionable 
quantity of garlic. 

Discretional (diskre‘{anal),@. [asprec. +-au.] 

1. Of or pertaining to discretion ; discretionary. 

1657 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 168 There is a difference 
of opinion about those writs. Some will have them but dis- 
cretional, 1683 Hickes Case /nf. Bapt. 79 The Gospel in- 
dulging a discretional Latitude in both Cases. @1715 
Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 258 Without leaving any dis- 
cretional power with the king. 1770-4 A. Hunter Geory. 
Ess. (1803) I. 431 The discretional use of the plough, roller, 
and harrows. a@ 1859 Dr Quincey Wks, XIV. 176 Conversa- 
tion suffers from the want of some discretional power, lodged 
in an individual for controlling its movements. 

+2. Surrendered at discretion. Ods. 

1777 J. Witktnson in Sparks Corr, Amer. Rev. (1853) I. 
14 We have made, during the Campaign, upwards of two 
thousand discretional prisoners. 

+3. Characterized by discretion; discreet. Ody. 

1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Fuvenile Indiscretions (1786) 
IV. 148 Not yet arrived at that discretional time of life. 

Discre‘tionally, a/v. [f. prec.+-1y*%.] In 
a manner or degree decided by discretion ; at dis- 
cretion, 

1754 RIcHAKDSON Grandison (1781) VI. xvili. 87, I always 
mean to include my dear Lady L. .. Any-body else, but dis- 
cretionally, 1766 Extick Loudon I. 437 The wealthier sort 
of people were assessed discretionally by the commissioners. 
1837 De Quincey Revolt of Tartars Wks. 1862 IV. 118 
Setting aside discretionally whatsoever should arise to dis- 
turb his plots. | i" 

Discre‘tionarily, av. [f.next+-1y2.] In 
a discretionary way ; at discretion. 

1683 Vind. Case Green-Wax-Fines 3 Officers may dis- 
cretionarily tax, or add to the Suitors Costs. 1794 NELSON 
in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 436, I will discretionarily order 
them a little wine as an encouragement. 

Discretionary (diskre fanari), @. 
TION + -ARY: ch. I. dscrétionnatre.] 

1. Pertaining to discretion; left to or exercised 
at discretion ; limited or restrained only by discre- 
tion or judgement. 

1698 AtrersuRY Disc. Lady Cutts 24 Amongst all her 
discretionary Rules, the chief was to seem to have none. 
1726 AYLIFFE Parergon (J.), It is discretionary in the bishop 
to admit him to that order at what time he thinks fit. 174 
H. Wacrote Lett. H. Mann (1834) 1. xii. 34 He had dis- 
cretionary powers to act as he should judge proper. 1827 
Hatvam Const. Hist, (1876) I. v. 234 The privy council in 
general arrogated to itself a power of discretionary imprison- 
ment. 1863 H. Cox /ustit 1. vii. 71 The reference to the 
House of Lords is entirely discretionary in the Crown. 

+2. Characterized by discretion; discreet. Ods. 

1712 STEELF Sfect. No. 402. P 2, I am never alone with my 
Mother, but she tells me Stories of the discretionary Part of 
the World. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscg’s Accomplish'd Woman 
I. 28 All..unprofitable without a discretionary Silence. 

4] 3. as adv. At discretion. 

1751 Eviza Heywoop Betsy Thoughtless U1. 63 A small 
fortune, and that to be paid discretionary. 

Discretive (diskr7tiv), a.and sé. [ad. L. d7s- 
crétiv-us serving to distinguish (Priscian), f. déscrét- 
ppl. stem of discernére to distinguish, divide, Dis- 
ceRN. Cf. OF. discretif (15th c. in Godef.).] 

A. adj. 1. =Dissunctive. a. Gram.and Logic. 

Discretive conjunction, proposition: see quots. ; discretive 
distinction, a distinction expressing a difference in kind, as 
‘not a plant, but an animal’. Cf. Discrete a. 3. 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. v. 93 In absolute copulative 
and discretive axiomes, there is no U70@ears, no condition 
at all. @160z W. Perkins Cases Consc. (1619) 240 The latter 
is coupled to the former by a discretiue coniunction. 1690 
Locke Hum. Und. m1. vii. 5 But is a Particle,..and he that 
says it is a discretive Conjunction, .. thinks he has suffi- 
ciently explain’d it. 1753 S. SHuckrorp Creation § Fall 
Man 43 It is not here a discretive Particle, disjoining and 
distinguishing two Parts of one Period; but it is illative. 
1819 G. S. Faser Dispensations (1823) II. 389: The word 
only, as I have just observed, is no doubt discretive. 
1891 Wetton Logic I. 1. i. 192 Discretive Propositions, 
where two affirmative propositions are connected by an 
adversative conjunction, 

b. generally. 

1660 Stantey Hist, Philos. 1x. (1701) 432/2 He held that 
there are four Elements, Fire, Air, Water, Earth; and two 
principal powers, Amity and Discord ; one unitive, the other 
discretive. 1836 I. Taytor Phys. Th. Another Life (1857) 
59 Mind allied to matter. .thus lives..by its own discretive 
act. ; 

+2. Serving to distinguish or discriminate; dis- 
tinctive ; discriminative ; diacritic. Ods. 

1601 Deacon & WALKER Sfirits § Divels To Rdr. 8 Not 
hauing vpon them some discretiue stampe or discerning cen- 

55*-2 


[f. Discre- 


DISCRETIVELY. 


sure. @1631 Donne Serm, Gen. i. 26 (1634) 33, | have a power 
to judge; a judi a discretive power, a power to dis- 
cern between a naturall accident and a judgement of God. 
1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. x. 51 A name is an instructive 
and discretive instrument of the essence. 1803 W. TayLox 
in Monthly Mag. X1V. 487 Such sub-division is neither dis- 
cretive nor exhaustive, 1819 G. S. Faser Dispensations 
(1823) II. 388, xo¢e, Grounds on which the Socinians assume 
the title of ational Christians as a specifically discretive 
appellation. 

. sb. 1, A disjunctive conjunction or proposi- 
tion. Ods. 

1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 48 Discretives, by which 
the parts are lightly Severed. 1650 R. Ho tincwortu 
Exerc, Usu * Powers 19 Joyning them together with 
the copulative (ad) and not using the discretive (07). | 1654 
Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 119 To the truth of a discretive is 
——— the truth of both parts. 1725 Watts Logic u. ii. § 6 
All compound propositions, except copulatives and discre- 
tives, are properly denied or contradicted when the negation 
affects their conjunctive particles. 

+2. A discriminative phrase or concept. Ods. 

1660 Z. Cxorton St. Peters Bonds abide 2 His universal 
discretive, ‘ All Episcopacy ’. 

Discre‘tively, adv. [f. prec.+-ty2.] Ina 
discretive manner ; disjunctively ; distinctively. 

1638 Meve Daniel's Weeks Wks. (1672) ut. zor The 


particle °) (Nehem. xiii. 6) seems not to be taken rationally | 


for (Ouia), but discretively for ON D> (Sed, But). 
Br, i Ricuarpson Observ. O. Test. 237 (V.) The plural 
number being used discretively to note out and design one 
of many. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxxvii. (1870) 
II. 338 Reasoning is either from the whole to its parts ; or 
from all the parts, discretively, to the whole they constitute 
collectively. P 

Discre‘tiveness. [f.as prec.+-ness.] The 
quality or power of discriminating or discerning. 

1844 G. S. Faser Light Diss. Mighty Deliv. (1845) 11. 344 
Even in a common writer of ordinary discretiveness. 

+ Discri-be, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. L. d?-, dis- 
(Dis- 6) + scribére to write, after proscribe, etc. : it 
does not in sense represent L. discribére to appor- 
tion (by writing).)] ¢vans. To undo by a writing. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 59 If a King. .will circum- 
scribe himself at Oxford, and proscribe or discribe his Par- 
liament at Westminster. 

Discrier, obs. form of Drescrizr. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia 1. Wks. (1724) II. 792 The poor 
Shepherds. .who were the first discriers of these matters. 

+ Discri‘minable, ¢. Ods. rare. [f. L. dis- 
crimind-re to DISCRIMINATE + -BLE.] Capable of 
being discriminated. 


1730-6 in Batwey (folio). 1823 W. TayLor Eng. Synon. 


a 1654 | 


(1856) vii, Understanding and intellect are tending to..dis- | 


criminable meaning. 
Discriminal (diskri‘minal), a. rare. [ad. L. 


discriminal-is serving to divide or separate, f. dis- 
crimen division, distinction: see -aL.] Of the 
nature of a distinction or division. 

Discriminal line in Palmistry: see quot. 

1842 Branve Dict. Sc. etc. 224 [C. 1 The lines on 
the palm of the hand are divided into principal and inferior ; 
the former are five: the line of life.. the dragon's tail, or 
discriminal line, between the hand and the arm. 

+ Discri‘minance. 00s. rare—'. [f.as next: 
see -ANCE.] = DISCRIMINATION, 

1647 H. More Song of Soul ui. ii. 11. xxiv, They together 
blended are That nought we see with right discriminance. 

Discri‘minancy. vave. [f. next: see -ancy.] 
‘The quality of being discriminant ; faculty of dis- 
criminating. 

21846 Penny May. is cited by Worcester. 

Discriminant (diskri‘minant), a, and sd. [ad. 
L. discriminant-em, pr. pple. of discriminare to 
DISCRIMINATE: see -ANT !,] 

A. adj, 1. Discriminating ; showing discrimina- 
tion or discernment, 

1836 Fraser's Mag. XIV. 411 fr mal notes are not all so 
discriminant as this, 1866 ; H. Newman Gerontinus (1874) 
sy With a sense so app hensive and discrimi 

. Math, Implying equal roots or a node (cf. 
B). Discriminant relation, a one-fold relation 
between parameters determining a nodal point. 

B. sb. Math. The eliminant of the first de- 
rived functions of a homogeneous function of 7 
variables, 

Introduced in 1852 by aoe for determinant, which is 
still found ee . T. Gerrans). 

Frni. V1. 52. 


5 Sytvester in Cams, & Dudbl. Math. 
1876 Satmon Mod. Higher Alg. (ed. 3) § 109 The discrimin- 
ant is equal to the product of the squares of all the differ- 
ences of the differences of any two roots of the equation, 

sntal, a. Math, [f. prec. +-Au.] 
Relating to a discriminant. 

Discriminantal index of a singular point of a curve, the 
number of intersections of the polar of an arbitrary point 
with the curve at the given point. Yotal discriminantal 
index of a curve, the sum of the discriminantal indices of 
all its singular points, 

1875 Smitu Higher Singularities Plane Curves in Proc. 


Lond. Math, Soc. V1. 
te (diskriminct), a. [ad. L. dis? 
criminat-us divided, separated, distinguished, pa. 
pple. of déscrimindre: see next.) — 
Distinct, distinguished, discriminated. arch. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 875 It is certaine that ters and 
Cockles, and Mussles .. haue no discriminate ~~} 
W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XVX, 657 The cha s 


436 


the savages are well-drawn ; they are more discriminate and 
various than those of the Europeans. 1887 E. Jouxson 
Antiqua Mater 69 A Hellenisti lesiastical as discrimin- 
ate from a synagogal literature and life. 

2. Marked by discrimination or discernment ; 

making careful or exact distinctions : opp. to zv- 
discriminate. 
1798 Mavtnus Popul. (1817) II. 289 ‘The best .. mode in 
wih occasional and Sateen poco can be given. 
Ibid. (1878) 479 Much may be done by discriminate charity. 
183% Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) 11. 250 Discriminate 
perception. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 20 Mar. 2/1 The discriminate 
ascetic is the true hedonist. 

Hence Discri‘minately adv., with discrimina- 
tion; Discri-minateness, the quality of having 
discrimination. 

1727 Battey vol. Il, Discriminateness, distinguishingness. 


1779-8: Jounson L. P., Shenstone, His conception of an 
Elegy he has in his Preface very judiciously and discrimin- 
ately explained. 1884 Bookseller Sept. 09/2 Discriminately 


he purchased everything that came in his way. 

Discriminate (diskrimine't), 7. [f. L. dés- 
criminat- ppl. stem of discrimindre to divide, 
separate, distinguish, f. discrimen, -crimin- divi- 
sion, distinction, f. stem of discernére to distin- 
guish, Discern. (Cf. Crime.)] 

1. ¢rans. To make or constitute a difference in or 
between ; to distinguish, differentiate. 

1628 Prynne Love-lockes 26 Who poll one side of their 
heads—of purpose to discriminate themselues from others. 
1666 Boy.e Orig. Formes & Qual., Such slight differences 
as those that discriminate these Bodies. 1774 Warton Hist. 
Eng. Poetry (1775) 1. Diss. 1. 65 No peculiarity .. more 
strongly discriminates the manners of the Greeks and 
Romans from those of modern times. a 1871 Grote Eth. 
Fragm, iii. (1876) 59 Capacities which discriminate one 
individual from another, ; 

2. To distinguish with the mind or intellect ; to 
perceive, observe, or note the difference in or be- 
tween. 

1665 Hooke Microgr. 66 The surfaces .. being so neer to- 
gether, that the eye cannot discriminate them from one. 
1677 Barrow Wks, (1687) I. xx. 283 We take upon us. .to 
discriminate the goats from the sheep. 1836 J. Girperr 
Chr. Atonem. v. (1852) 139 It is in the nature of the reward 
sought .. that we discriminate a mean from a noble trans- 
action, 31891 F. Haut in Nation (N.Y.) LIL. 244/1 How is 
one..to discriminate the teachings of Dr. Trench's reviser 
from those of Dr. Trench himself? 


3. intr. or abso’. To make a distinction ; to per- | 


ceive or note the difference (de/ween things); to 
exercise disceriment. 

1774 J. Bryant Mythol. 11. 523 The purport of the term, 
which discriminates, may not te easy to be deciphered. 
1857 Buckte Crviliz. I. vii. 321 It is by reason, and not by 
faith, that we must discriminate in religious matters. 
Green Stay Stud. 26 He would discriminate between tem- 
porary and chronic distress. 

b. Zo discriminate against: to make an adverse 
distinction with regard to ; to distinguish unfavour- 
ably from others. With zudirect pass. 

1880 Marx Twatn (Clemens) 7ramp Aédr, 11. 153, 1 did 
not propose to be discriminated against on account of my 
pened 1885 Pall Mall. G. 24 Feb. 8/1 The action of 
the German Government in discriminating against certain 
imports from the United States. 1886 /é:d,19 July 3/2 If 
the police, as the Socialists declare, discriminate against 
them on account of their opinions. Loe : 

Hence Discri‘minated /f/. a,, distinguished from 
others ; perceived as distinct. 

1 . Younc Crit. Gray's Elegy (1810) 49 The dis- 
anbides catalogue of the dead. 1848 R. I. Wi_berroRrce 
Incarnation v. (1852) 137 The two titles (Father, and Son] 
imply a real co-exis of discrimi Persons, 

Discri-minating, //. a. [f. prec. + -1NG ®.] 

1. That discriminates (sense 1); distinguishing, 
making or constituting a distinction, or affording 
a ground for distinction. 

1647 ‘Trape Comm, Epistles 102 In these shedding and 
discriminating times. 1677 Hate True Relig. ut, (1684) 
38 Each Party espousing some odd Discriminating Habits. 
1797 M. Baie Mord, Anat. (1807) 81 The discriminatin: 
mark of this disease, 1838 Turrer Prov. Philos., Gifts 22 
A discriminating test Separating honesty from falsehood. 

2. That discriminates (sense 2); that perceives 
or notes distinctions with accuracy; posse 
discrimination or discernment. 

1792 Mary Woutstonecr. Rights Wom. iii. 102 The dis- 
criminating outline of a caricature. 1794 Suttivan View 
Nat. 1. 17 A sound and diseri ing jud _ 1849 
Macautay //ist, Eng, 1.172 No man observed the varieties 
of character with a more discriminating eye. 3 

3. Discriminating duty or rate: one that varies 
in amount according to the country or place whence 
the merchandise is imported or carried, or accord- 
ing to the persons rated; a differential duty or 


rate, 

1845-52 MeCuttocn 7axation un. v. 218 The 7 & 8 Victoria 
. reduced the duty on foreign sugar. . leaving a discriminat- 
ing duty of 10s, a cwt. in favour of our own sugars. 
1870 Daily News 16 Apr., Is it not absurd to revive a dis- 
tinguishing rate, preferential and discriminating, in favour 
of one class of dealers and against another? 

4. Math, Discriminating circle, in the Theory 
of Functions with essential singularities, the circle 
on which all the singularities of another connected 
function lie?) [=Ger, Grenskreis,| Discriminat- 
ing cubic, a cubic equation whose roots are the 


876 


DISCRIMINATIVE. 
reciprocal of the principal radii vectores of a quadric 
surface referred to its centre. ‘ 
1874 SALmon Geom. three Dimensions (ed. 3) 58 If two 
roots of the discriminating cubic vanish, the equation ., 
represents a cylinder whose base is a_paral 
Forsytu 7h. Functions vi. § 71. 111 ‘To divide the plane 


the modified variable ¢ into two .. The boundary. . 
is a circle of finite radius, called the discriminating circle of 
the function. .All the singularities (and the branch-points, if 
any) lie on the discriminating circle. 7 

Hence Discri‘minatingly adv., in a discrimin- 
ating way, with discrimination. 

Bain Senses & Int. m. i. § 65 The ear must be dis- 
criminatingly sensitive to pitch, and to the harmonies 
discords of different pitches. 1856 Kincstey Misc., Froude’s 
Hist. Eng. Al. 47 It is written as history should be, dis- 
criminatingly, patiently, apd yet lovingly and genially. 

Discrimination pec mg [ad. L. 
discrimination-em, n. of action from discriminare 
to DISCRIMINATE. 

1. The action of discriminating ; the iving, 
noting, or making a distinction or difference be- 
tween things; a disti inction (made with the mind, 
or in action). 

1648 Eikon Bas. xxvii. (1824) 265 Take heed of abetting 
any factions, of applying to any publique discriminations in 
matters of religion, contrary to what is, in your judgement, 
and the Church well setled. 1678 Puiturs, Discrimination 
a putting a difference between one thing and another. In 
Rhetorick it is the same figure with Pavadiastole, ¥ 
Stannore Paraphr. 1. 24 A perfect Discrimination 
then be made between the Good and Bad, 1864 Bowen 
Logic i. 4 A conscious discrimination of those respects in 
which it is similar to others from those in which it is unlike 
them, 1889 Spectator 9 Nov., Life is a constant series of 
discriminations between what it is well to attempt and what 
it is not well to attem ‘ } 

b. fasstvely. The fact or condition of being dis- 
criminated or distinguished. ? Ods. 

@ 1699 Stit.iNGFL, (J.), There is a reverence to be showed 
them on account of their discrimination from other p! 
and separation for sacred uses. 1791-1823 Disrartt Cur. 
Lit., Mast. Ceremon., Precedence, and other honorary 
discriminations, establish the useful distinctions of ranks. 

2. Something that discriminates or distinguishes ; 
a distinction, difference (existing in or between 
things) ; a distinguishing mark or characteristic. 
Now rare or Obs. 

1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep, 11. xxiii. 166 [These] are 
discriminations very materiall, and plainly declare, that 
under the same name Authors describe not the same animall. 
1759 Jounson Rasselas xxviii. (1787) 79 Where we see. .the 
whole at once, we readily note the discriminations, G. 
Cuatmers Caledonia 1. 1. i. 2 To that event the various 
tribes owe their discrimination and their — 

3. The faculty of discriminating ; the power of 
observing differences accurately, or of making exact 
distinctions ; discernment. 

1814 Scott Wav. xxiii, His character was touched with 
yet more discrimination by Flora. 1838 Dickens Nich. 
Nick. xviii, It does..credit to your discrimination that you 
should have found such a very lent young wom 
1866 Gro. Euiot F. Holt II. xvi. 15 It was essential ,. that 
his waistcoat should imply much discrimination. 

+4. =REcRIMINATION. Obs. rare. 

a1670 Hacker Adp. Williams 1, (1692) 16 (D.), Reproaches 
and all sorts of unkind discriminations. Baxter in 
Hale's True Relig. Introd, Ab, Schiems and Factions, and 

| ‘Arsionenitias. diaeieninit : 


P 
Hence Discrimina’tional a., of or pertaining to 
discrimination ; in a/mistry = DISCRIMINAL. 
1879 R. A. Campnett Philosophic Chiremaney 167 The 
Wrist Lines, also known as the R and 
tional lines, separate the hand from the arm by a single, 
double, or triple transcursion at the wrist. 
Discriminative (diskri‘minétiv), a. [f. L. 
ppl. stem déscriminat-: see -IvE.] Tending to 
discriminate ; characterized by discriminating. _ 
1. Serving to discriminate or distinguish ; consti- 
tuting a distinction ; distinctive, dist ; 


Hare True Relig. 1. (1684) 11 This is the 
doctueatve Mark ofa true Ghrttian. 1779-81 JoHNSON 


L. P., Dryden Wks, 11. 414 ‘The discriminative excel! 

of Homer is elevation preh of thought. 1848 
— in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IU. No. 6. 307, I must 
m, upon ours a name and discriminative mark. 

. Having the quality or character of observing 
or making distinctions with accuracy; marked by 
or showing discrimination ; discerning. (Of per- 
sons, their faculties, actions, utterances, etc.) 

@ 1638 Meve Disc. Matt, vi. 9 Wks. (1672) 1.8 After the 


same manner were the Holy tment and the Holy 
Perfume or Incense to be a minative, 
singular, aj te usance of them, 1653 H. Morr 


Antid. Ath, 1. ix. (1712) 66 Discriminative Providence, 
that knew afore the nature and course of all things. 1805 
Foster £ss. 1v. i. 101 A more discriminative censure. 1865 
Mitt £xam. Hamilton 222 Mr. Bain recognises two .. 
modes of discriminative sensibility in the muscular sense. 
b. éransf. (Of, or in reference to, things. 


1826 Sourney in Q. Rev, XXXIV. 317 Bombs and rockets 
are not discriminative, 188 Lng. lechanic 27 May 2770/3 
The .. well-known discriminative power - 
chromatised gelatine of inkin nce 


1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 12 She bespe their ports . 


comers by heavy duties, ‘ 
ficace niaetateemieny adv,, in a discrimina- 
tive manner, with discrimination. : 


DISCRIMINATOR. 


a@ 1638 Muve Disc. Matt. vi, 9 Wks. (1672) 1.14 When the 
same are worthily and discriminatively used. 1797-1803 
Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) I. 206 Some one said that 
women remarked characters more discriminatively. 1862 
F. Haut Hindu Philos. Syst. 45 Certitude is the distin- 
guishing property of intellect .. and to cognize discrimina- 
tively, that of mind. : . . 

cri‘minator. [a. L. discriminator (‘Ter- 
tull.), agent-n. from discriminare to D1SCRIMINATE.] 
One who discriminates. 

1828 CoLesrookeE in 7vans. R, Asiat, Soc. (1830) II. 183 
He [the judge] discriminates, and is, consequently, the dis- 
criminator (vivdca). ; 

Discriminatory, ¢. vare. [f. L. type *azs- 
criminatori-us, {. dtscriminator: see prec. and 
-oRY.] = DISCRIMINATIVE. 

1828 W. Fiecp Mem. Dr. Parr Il. 414 Proofs of a pure 
taste and a discriminatory judgment. 1892 Columbus 
(Ohio) Dispatch « Mar., The Government still hoped for 
discriminatory rights with Great Britain, 

Discri‘minoid. Math. ([f. after Discrmmy- 
ANT; see -orp.} A function of which the van- 
ishing expresses the equality of all the integrating 
factors of a differential equation. Hence Dis- 
criminoi‘dal a. 

dg J. Cocke in Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. X. 111 It 
will be found convenient to give a name to the functions 
Dand C)e. Let us call them discriminoids. /éid., This first 
species of discriminoidal solution. 

+ Discri‘minous, 2. Ods. rave. [ad. late L. 
discriminds-us decisive, critical, f. déscrimen: see 
DISCRIMINATE v. and Pier Critical, hazardous. 

1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angi. (J.), Any kind of spitting of 
blood imports a very discriminous state. /éid. xvii. 195 
Consumptives, though their case appears not with so dis- 
criminous an aspect. 1727 Baitey vol. II, Discriminous, 
full of Jeopardy. 

Hence Discri‘minousness. 

173 in Batey vol. II. 

ription, Discrive, obs. ff. DEScriPTion, 
DESCRIVE. 

Discrown (diskraw'n), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Crown 
v, or Dis- 7 + Crown sé,: cf. OF, descoroner (12th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.) ; also Decrown.] ¢vans. To 
deprive of a crown, take the crown from; sfec. to 
deprive of royal dignity, to depose ; ¢rans/. and fig. 
to deprive of supremacy, dignity, or adornment. 

1586 Warner Add. Eng. i. xvi. (R.) The one restored .. 
The other .. Dis-crowned. 1612-5 Br. Hatt Conte. 
N. T. w. xxxi, He discrownes not the body, who crowns 
the soule. 1803 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XIV. 54 On 
the shorn hair discrown’d of bridal flow’rs, Weeping lies 
scorn'd and trampled Liberty. 1863 KincLAKE Crimea 
1876) I. xiv. 301 To crown or discrown its Monarchs. 1871 

orLeY Voltaire (1886) 13 Discrowning sovereign reason, 
to be the serving drudge of superstition or social usage. 

Hence Discrow'ned /f/. a., deprived of the 
crown; Discrow'ning v0/. sd. 

1837 Cartyte Fy. Rev. (1871) III. 1v. vii. 167 A worn dis- 
crowned Widow. 1866 Pad/ Mall G. No. 510. 966/1 The 
successive contemporary discrownings. 1878 Bosw. SmiTH 
Carthage 353 The discrowned queen of the seas. 

Discru‘ciament. 04s. rare. [f. L. discru- 

cia-re to torture + -MENT; cf. excructament (also 

inNashe). (L. had cructdmentum from cruciare.)] 

Torment, torture. 

. 1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 181 What then is it, to liue 

int ore times more grinding discruciament of dying? 
Cockeram 1, Endlesse Paine, discrutiament. 

+ crticiate,v. Obs. [f. discructat-, ppl. 

stem of L. discruciare, f. Dis- 5 + cructare to tor- 

ture, rack, torment, f. crac, cruc-em CRross.] 

1. trans. To torment, torture, excruciate. 

1600 Asp. Anot Exp. Yonah 484 The conscience of the 
transgressing sinner .. doth use to discruciate the person 
affected. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 253 To discruciate 
and rack his thoughts with an insatiable desire of what he 
hath not. 1660 SHarrocx Vegetables 149, 1 mean that we 
puzzle not ourselves over-much nor discruciate our spirits 
to resolve what are the causes, 

2. nonce-use. To puzzle out, unravel, solve (a 
crux’ or riddle: cf. Crux 3). 

1745 Swirt To Sheridan Wks. 1745 VIII. 206 Pray dis- 
cruciate what follows. 

Hence + Discru‘ciating Z//. a., tormenting ; 
also + Discrucia‘tion, torture, torment, anguish. 

xt R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xi. § 2. too They 
produce anxiety, griefe, vexation, anguish, discrutiation 
and discontent. 1 Br. or Norwicu Serm. tn Westut. 

Abs. J, Nov. 30 Discruciating Fears .. impatient, Hopes. 

1788 Trifler xxv. 323 It dimoves every discruciating pain 
» from the stomach. 2 

+ rut‘ator. Ols. vare—'. [f. di-, Dis- 5 
+ Scruraror.] ?A caviller or searcher for ob- 
Jections. 

@ 1626 W. Sciater Sern. Exper. (1638) 10g It signifies the 
Discrutatour, or Disputer, against the promise. 

cry(e, -cryghe, obs. ff. Desory v.! and 2, 
+Discuba‘tion. 00s. vare—1, [ad. assumed 

L. type *discubatio, n. of action f, *déscubare, f. 

dis- (Dis-) + cubare to recline. The actual L.word 

was discubitio from discumbére; but the parallel 
forms cubatio, accubatio, occur in L.: cf. CUBATION, 

Accusation.] Reclining at meals. 

1635-56 Cowtey Davideis 1. Notes § 52 What was the 
fashion in Samuel’s time, is not certain; it is probable 

igh .. that Discubation was then in practice. 


437 
+ Discw'bitory, a. Ols rare". [ad.L. type 


*discubitore-us, f. discubit-, ppl. stem of déscumbéere 
see DiscumB and -ory.] Adapted for reclining. 

1646 Sir ‘I. Browne Pseud. Zp. vy. vi. 241 Custome by 
degrees changed their cubiculary beds into discubitory. 

+ Discwbiture. 00s. rare. [ad. L. type *des- 
cubitira, f. discubit-, ppl. stem of discumbére: see 
prec. and -urE.] The posture of reclining. 

@ 1655 Vines Lora’s Supp. (1677) 113 The gesture, which 
was discubiture or lying on couch-beds, /d7d. 154. 

+ Discwlp, v. Ods. vare—4. [ad. med.L. azs- 
culpa-re (Du Cange), f. Dis- 4+ culpare to blame, 
culpa fault.) trans. =DISCULPATE. 

3738 Warsurton Div, Legat. 1.294 He himself disculps 
them. 

Disculpate (diskylpeit), v.  [f. discelpiat- 
ppl. stem of med.L, dsculpare: see prec.) trans. 
To clear from blame or accusation; to exculpate. 

(1693 W. Bares Sev. vii. 249 [Satan’s] prevailing Tempta- 
tions do not disculpate Sinners that yield to them. @1734 
Nortu Lives 1. 40 Being faithful and just, with the testi- 
mony of things to disculpate him. x H. Wacpote Hist. 
Doubts 122 Theauthors of the Chronicle of Croyland. .charge 
him directly with none of the crimes, since imputed to him, 
and disculpate him of others. 1880 Vern. Ler Stud. Jtaly 
1v. iv. 173 The hero accused of regicide .. and unable to 
disculpate himself. 1888 H. C. Lea //ist. /iqguisition 1, 
43 note, Disculpating himself to Eugenius IV from an accu- 
sation of doubting the papal power. 

Disculpation (diskv]péifon). 
from med.L. désculpare to DiscuLpate.] 
action of clearing from blame ; exculpation. 

1760-97 H. WALPoLe Jem. Geo. IT (1847) IIL. x. 252 This 
disculpation under the hand of a Secretary of State was 
remarkable. 1770 Burke Pres. Discont, Wks. 1837 I. 150 
A plan of apology and disculpation. 1891 W. M. Rosser1t 
Shelley's Adonats g note, Arguments. .tending to Harriet’s 
disculpation. 

Disculpatory, « vae-%.  [f. désculpat- 
ppl. stem of med.L. dzscu/pare : see prec. and -ory.] 
Tending to disculpate. 

1847 in Craic : and in later Dicts. 

+Discumb, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L.déscumb-cre 
to lie down, recline, f. D1s- 1 + -cumbére to liedown: 
cf. CuMBENT.] zv¢r. To recline (at table). Hence 
Discu'mbing v/. sb. and ffl. a. 

1683 J. Evans Anceling at Sacrament 1, 21 At the begin: 

ing of the Paschal Feast the Jews did put themselv 
into this Discumbing or Leaning posture .. while they Eat 
and Drank the two first Cups of Wine. 1684 Vind. Case 
Indiff. Things 38 The posture of discumbing. | 1699 T. 
Bennet Dissenters’ Pleas (1711) 170 Some convenient pos- 
ture, such as kneeling, sitting, discumbing, standing. 

+ Discumbence. Os. rave.—°. [f. as next 
+-ENCE.] =next. 

1656 in BLount Glossogr. z 

+ Discu‘mbency. 0és. [f. DiscumBen’, after 
L. type *discumbentia: see -ENCY.] Discumbent 
condition; the reclining posture at meals. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. v. vi. 243 This discum- 
bency at meales was in use in the days of our Saviour. 
1682-3 Case Indiff. Things 11 The Jews ..did eat in 
the posture of discumbency. 1737 Stackuouse //ist. Bible, 
N.T. (1765) IL. vit. iv. 149 xote, They used this posture 
of discumbency and especially at the pascal supper. 

+ Discumbent, @. and sé. Os, Also 6 dis- 
com-, [ad. L. discumbent-em, pr. pple. of discum- 
bére: see DiscumB.] A. adj. Reclining. 

171s 1. MATHER Several Serm. 11. 95 The Jews .. sat at 
their Tables in a discumbent posture. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. 
Waters 1.197 Bathing is best administered in a discumbent 
posture. 

1 SO. 

1. One who reclines at table ; a guest at a feast. 

1562 Butteyn Use Sickmen 73, He cast doune al the 
meate from the borde, fallyng out with all the discombentes. 
1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 135 A beastiall Banket ; 
wherein either man is the Symposiast, and the Deuill the 
discumbent ; or Sathan the Feastmaker, and man the Guest. 

2. One confined to bed by sickness ; = DEcuM- 


BENT sd, 

1765 Gate in Phil. Trans. LV. 193 A.D. 1721 The dis- 
cumbents were 5,989, whereof 844 died. /d/d. 194 The dis- 
cumbents were estimated at 4,000, whereof about 500 died. 

Discumber (diskymbo:), v.  [f. Drs- 6 + 
CumBerv, Cf. OF. descombrer, mod.¥. décombrer.] 

lL. trans. To relieve ; to disencumber. 

1725 Pore Odyss. v. 474 The chief. . His limbs discumbers 
of the clinging vest. 1806 J. Graname Birds Scot. 17 Her 
young, Soon as discumbered of the fragile shell Run lively 
round their dam. Hevrs Anim. & M. vi. (1875) 149 
Discumbering our minds of what we have crammed up for 
the occasion. 

4] 2. To put away or get rid of, as an encumbrance. 
(But in the quot. app. a misreading.) 

.. Chaucer's Pars. T. 816 (ed. Tyrwhitt) The vengeance 
of avoutrie is awarded to the peine of helle, but if so be 
that it be discombered by penitence. [Early MSS. and 
edd. destourbed, disturberid, distorbled, destroubled.] 

+ Discu-mbitory, a. Obs. rare—*. A non- 
etymological by-form of Discusrrory, influenced 
by the L. present stem discemd-. 

1715 tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1. w. x. 186 Those 
discumbitory Couches, upon which they loll’d when at their 


[n. of action 
The 


Repast, 
+ Discusmbiture. Ods. rare. A non-etymo- 
logical by-form of DiscuBITURE; see prec, 


! 
| 


DISCURSIVE. 


1684 Vind. Case /ndif7. Things 39 It was required that 
discumbiture should be used in all Religious Feasts. 1696 
J. Epwarps Demonstr. Exist. God 1. 82 This is a soft bed 
of itself, and makes discumbiture a delightful posture. 

+ Discuvmbrance, [Dis- 5.] =CUMBRANCE. 

c 1480 Merlix 511 At foure cours thei haue hem perced 
thourgh with-oute eny other discombraunce. _ 

Discumfit, Discumfort, obs. ff. Discomrir, 
DISCOMFORT. 

+ Discw'r, discu'rre, v. Obs. [ad. L. déscurr- 
ére to run to and fro, f. Dis- 1 + curréve to run.] 

1. gtr. To run about. 

c1§s0 Disc. Common Weal. Eng. (1893) 25 We be not so 
agill and light as .. birdes of the ayere be, that we might 
discurre from one place to an other. 

2. trans. To run over or through. 

1586 B. Younc Guaszo’s Civ. Conv. Vv. 206 b, Mans minde 
..in moment of a time it discurres all things. 1 
Diana Pref.,The delight. .in discurring most of those townes 
and places in it with a pleasant recordation of my pen. 

Discure, obs. form of DISCOVER v. 

+ Discwred, ///. a. Obs. [f. Dis- 7a + CurE 
sb.l 4.) Without cure of souls: see CurE sé. 4, 

1604 looker Fabrigue Ch. 92, 1... maintaine it more law- 
full .. to hold two Benefices with cure of soules then two 
discured or impropriated livings. 

+ Discwrrent, a.) Obs. rave. [f. Dis- 10 + 
Current a.] Not current or in circulation. 

1599 SANvys Europe Spec. (1632) 122 ‘To make discurrent 
.. those very books .. in such wise as not to suffer them 
to be commonly salable. /éid. 129 Whose bookes being 
discurrent in all Catholike Countries. 

+ Discw'rrent, a.2 Obs. rare. [ad. L. a@és- 
current-em, pr. pple. of déscurr-cre : see D1scuR v.] 
Running hither and thither. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Discurrent, that wanders or runs 
hitherand thither. 1710 M. Henry Convm., Dan. xii. 4 (1848) 
g92 ‘They shall ‘run to and fro’ to inquire out copies of it.. 
discurrent, they shall discourse of it. 

Discurrour, obs. form of DIscovERER. 


+ Discursa‘tion. Os. [ad. L. discursation- 
em, n. of action f. déscursdre, freq. of discurrére : 
see Discur.] 

1. A running hither and thither, or from place to 
place. 

1652 Gaur Magastrom. 55 Making long discursations, 
to learn strange tongues. ; 

2. A passing from one subject to another. 

1647 ‘Trapp Comme. Matt. vi. 6 That being sequestered 
from company, we may .. be the freer from .. discursation 
and wandering of mind. : 

Discursative, @ rare. [f. L. discursat- ppl. 
stem of déscursare: see prec. and -IVE.] Passing 
from one object of thought to another; discursive. 
Hence Discu‘rsativeness. 

1819 P. Morris in Blackw. Mag. VI. 311 The Discursative 
Sentiment, draws off the imitative principle, and transfers 
it from one object to another, so as to keep it revolving. 
Jbid., Vhat sort of Discursativeness which relates to space. 
Jbid., The curiosity generated from Discursativeness has 
a spring of motion within itself. 

+ Discurse. Ods. [ad. L. discurs-us a running 
to and fro or away, f. discurs-, ppl. stem of déscur- 
rére: see next.] Onward course; = DISCOURSE 
sb. 1. 

15ss H. Penpitton in Bonner Homilies 35 By contynuall 
discurse of tyme euery one hath deliuered the fayth. 

Discursion (diskd-1fen). rare. Also 6 dis- 
corsioun, [ad. L. déscursion-ent, n. of action from 
discurrére to run to and fro: see Discur.] 

+1. The action of running or moving to and fro. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 404 Richt grit displesour 
he had euerie da Of the discorsioun maid be Inglismen. 
1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xvi. 618 Volatils are most 
needful, for greater penetration and quicker discursion. 

2. fig. The action of passing from the subject 
under consideration ; digression. 

1851 Brimtey L£ss., Wordsw. 169 The name recalls us 
from our discursion to speak of one whom, [etc.]}. 

3. The action of passing from premisses to con- 
clusions ; reasoning; = DISCOURSE sé. 2. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 132 Turning the discur- 
sion of his judgement from things abroad, to those which 
are within himselfe. 1650 Hosses Human Nature iv. zt 
The succession of conceptions in the Minde .. may 
orderly .. and this is discourse of the Minde. But because 
the word Discourse is commonly taken for the coherence 
and consequence of words, I will, to avoid equivocation, 
call it discursion. 1817 Coteripce Biog. Lit. I. x. 160 
Discourse here... does not mean what we now call dis- 
coursing; but the discursion of the mind, 1846 O. Brown- 
son Wks, V. 506 An act of intuition or of discursion as well 
as of faith .. involves it. : 

+ Discwrsist. Oss. rave—1. [f. L. déscursus, 
in sense ‘discourse’ + -Ist.] One who practises 
discoursing, a disputer. : 

3671 L. Avpison West Barbary Pref. (T.), Great dis- 
cursists were apt to intrigue affairs, dispute the Prince's 
resolution, and stir up the people. : i 

Discursive (diskaasiv), a. (sd.) [f. L. déscurs- 
ppl. stem of déscurrére (see DiscURSION) + -IVE.] 

. Running hither and thither; passing irregularly 
from one locality to another. rave in i, sense. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 745 Whatsoeuer moueth Attention. . 
stilleth the Naturall and discursiue Motion of the Spirits. 
1834 West Ind. Sketch Bk. 11, 240 Misgivings, that 
roe aight prove somewhat more discursive, /did, 282 


DISCURSIVELY. 


The regularity of the streets .. prevented the breezes being 
so disc as. ng the M d dwellings. 

2. fig. Passing rapidly or ag seed from one 
subject to another; rambling, digressive ; extend- 
ing over or dealing with a wide range of subjects. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie i. xi. 231 Boundlesse dis- 
cursiue hension Giving it wings. 1665 Hooke A/icrog?. 
Pref. G., Men are generally rather taken with the plausible 
and discursive, then the real and the solid part of Philo- 
sophy. 1791 Boswett Johnson an. 1774 (1816) I. 296 Such 
a discursive Exercise of his mind. 1827 CartyLe Richter 
Misc. Ess. 1872 1.8 The name Novelist.. would ill describe 
so vast and discursive a genius. 1850 TENNyson Jn Mem. 
cix, Heart-affluence in discursive talk From household 
fountains never dry. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
I. iv. 149 A most vivid, though very discursive and garru- 
lous, history of the time. 

3. Passing from premisses to conclusions ; pro- 
ceeding by reasoning or argument; ratiocinative. 
(Cf. Discourse v. 2.) Often bd to intuitive. 

1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. & Mor, 117 lgnorance .. depriveth 
Reason of her discursive facultie. ax1652 J. Smiru Sed. 
Disc. v. 137 We cannot attain to science but by a discursive 
deduction of one thing from another. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 
v. 488 Whence the soule Reason receives, and reason is her 
being, Discursive, or Intuitive; discourse Is oftest yours, 
the latter most is ours. 1817 CoLerince Biog. Lit. I. x. 
161 Philosophy has hitherto he discursive: while Geo- 
metry is always and essentially zatuitive. 1836-7 Sir W. 
Hamitton Metaph. (1877) I1. xx. 14 The Elaborative or 
Discursive Faculty .. has only one operation, it only com- 
pares. 1874 L. StepHen Hours in Library (1892) II. i. 15 
Johnson .. is always a man of intuitions rather than of 
discurgjve intellects 2 

+ B. assb. A subject of ‘ discourse’ or reasoning 
(as distinguished from a subject of perception). 
Obs. rare. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man, w. viii. 364 Sometimes .. 
the very subyectum discursus is imperceptible to Sense .. 
such are also the discursives of moral good and evil, just, 
unjust, which are no more perceptible to Sense than Colour 
is to the Ear. 

Discursively (diski-sivli), adv. 
-LY 4.) In a discursive manner. 

1. By passing from premisses to conclusions; by 
‘discourse of reason’ (cf. DiscoursE sé. 2): opp. 
to tututtively. 

1677 Hate /’rimt. Orig. Man. 1. i. 22 Whereby we do dis- 
cursively, and by way of ratiocination, deduce one thing from 
another. 1816 Coteripcre Biog. Lit., etc. (1882) 360 In each 
article of faith embraced on conviction, the mind determines, 
first, intuitively on its logical possibility; secondly, dis- 
cursively on its analogy to doctrines already believed. 1828 
De Quincey Ahetoric Wks. XI. 42 All reasoning is carried 
on discursively; that is, discuxrendo,—by running about to 
the right and the left, laying the separate notices together, 
and thence mediately deriving some third apprehension. 

2. In a rambling manner, digressively. 

1829 I. Taytor Exthus. viii. 183 An intelligent Christian 
«who should peruse discursively the ecclesiastical writers. 
1846 Pore Halluk Wks. 1864 III. 61 [He] has read a great 
deal, although very discursively. 1876 Bancrorr /ist.U. S. 
VI. lv. 437 He [George III] spoke discursively of his shat- 
tered health, his agitation of mind. 

Discu'rsiveness. [fas prec. +-NESS.] The 
quality of being discursive: a. of reasoning from 
premisses to conclusions ; b. of passing from one 
subject to another. 


[f. prec. + 


438 


the discus—were the chief and essential parts of the pen- 
tathlic contest. 
b. In other ancient senses: (see quots.) 

1706 Puitwrrs (ed, Kersey), Discus, a Dish or Platter for 
Meat .. Also a round Consecrated Shield made to represent 
a Memorable Deed of some Hero of Antiquity, and hung up 
in a Temple of the Gods. /bid., Discus or Descus (in old 
Records), a Desk or Reading-shelf in a Church. 1849 
Loner. Kavanagh xxx, The untoward winds will blow the 
discus of the gods against my forehead. 1 Leircn 
Miiller’s Anc, Art § 232 Isis, human, with cow horns and 
a discus between them. 

+2. = Disk in its various technical senses. 

1664 Evetyn Mem. 24 Oct.(1857) 1.406 Observing the discus 
of the sun for the passing of Mercury that day before it. —_ 
Phil. Trans. 1. No. 6. 105 The inclination of the discus of 
the Cometical Body. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Amon 
Herbalists, Discus is taken to signifie the middle, plain, an 
flat part of some Flowers; because its figure resembles the 
ancient Discus. 

Discuss (diskv’s), v. Forms: 4-7 discusse, 
(4-5 discuse, 5-6 dyscus(se, 6 diskousse, fa. 
Pfle. discust, 7 discus), 7- discuss. [f. L. d7s- 
cuss- ppl. stem of discut-ére to dash or shake to 
pieces, agitate, disperse, dispel, drive away ; in late 
L. and Romanic to discuss, investigate: see D1s- 
cutE. App. the L. pa. pple. déscussus was first 
Englished as discussed (in Hampole ¢ 1340, also 
Anglo Fr. déscussé, 1352, in Statutes of the Realm 
I. 3284, and discuss thence taken as the verb.] 

+1. tans. To drive away, dispel, disperse, scatter. 
“it. and fig. Obs. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1, metr. iii. g When pat ny3t was 
discussed and chased awey, derknesses forleften me. 1 
More Confut. Tindale Wks. 401/2 They wil clerely dissi- 
pate and discusse the myst, 1651 J. F[reake] Agvippa's 
Occ. Philos. 17 The Northern Wind, fierce and roaring, and 
discussing clouds. 

+b. To shake off; also to set free, loosen. Ods. 
arg4r Wyatt Poet, Wks. (1861) 201 To loose, and to dis- 
cuss ‘The sons of death out from their deadly bond. 1590 
Spenser J. Q. mt. i. 48 All regard of shame she had discust, 
And meet respect of honor putt to flight. 
+e. To put off, remove (dress). Obs. rare. 

1640 GLAPTHORNE /ollander ww. Wks. (1874) I. 138 Now 
Cosen Sconce, you must discusse your doublet. 

2. Med. To dissipate, dispel, or disperse (hu+ 
mours, tumours, or obstructions). arch. 

1533 Evyor Cast. Helthe w. i. (1539) 77a, To rubbe them 
agayne with some oyle, that dothe open the poores, and 
dyscusse the vapours. 1 Grrarve //erbal 1. xx. (1633) 
28 To discusse hard swellings in womens brests. 1684 tr. 
Bonet's Merc. Compit. 11. 103 Of all edibles Garlick dis- 
cusses wind most. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 130 ? 5 
A pomade .. of virtue to discuss pimples. 1804 ABERNETHY 
Surg. Obs. 35 Three diseased lymphatic glands .. resisted 
the attempts which had been made to discuss them, 

b. intr. (for reft.) To disperse, pass away. 
7 J.S. Le Dran's Observ, Surg. (1771) 228 If the Ery- 
sipelas 
faction. 

+ 3. ¢rans. To examine or investigate (a matter) ; 
to try (as a judge). Obs. 

340 Hampoir P”. Consc. 2415 We may noght fle, Until 


i 
| al our lyf examynd be, And alle our dedys, bathe gude and 


a 1677 Barrow Serm.Wks.1686 ILL.xxii.252 The exercise of | 


our mind in rational discursiveness, about things, in quest 
of truth. cee 4 I. Taytor Enthus. iv. (1867) 72 That dis- 
cursiveness of the inventive faculties which is a principal 
source of heresy. 2857 Lever Fort. Glencore xxiii. (1873) 
159 Discursiveness is the mother of failure. 1885 Afanch. 
‘.xam, 12 Aug. 5/1 There was nothing to limit the discur- 
siveness of anyone who had a taste for original research. 

Discursory (diskissdri), a. rare. Also 6 
discoursory. [f. L. déscurs- (see above) + -ory.] 

+1. Of the nature of ‘discourse’ or reasoning ; 
argumentative. Ods. 

4581 Muccaster Positions vii. (1887) 50 A number of such 
like discoursory argumentes, 1614 Be Hak Recoll. Treat. 
Ded. A ijb, Here shall your Maiestie finde .. speculation 
interchanged with experience, positiue theologie with po- 
lemicall, textuall with discursorie, popular with scholasticall. 

2. of the nature of a digression, discursive. 

1881 Ruskin Love's Meinie 1. iii. 126 If there be motive 
for discursory remark. 

+ Discw'rtain, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 or 7a + 
CurTAaIN v, or sb.) ¢vans, To draw aside the cur- 
tain from; to unveil. 

1616 J. Lane Conin. Syr.'s 7. (1887) 41 Phebus, discur- 
taininge his murninge face. 1635 Bratuwair Arcad. Pr, 
Ded., One, who discurtains the vices of that time. 1659 
Lady Alimony 1. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley XIV. 280 Your acri- 
monious spirit will discurtain our changeable taffeta ladies, 

|| Discus (di-skds). [L. déscus quoit, plate, a. 
Gr. biaKos quoit.] 

1. Gr. and Rom. Antig. A disk of metal or heavy 
material used in ancient Grecian and Roman 
athletic exercises ; a quoit. Also, e//ift., the game 
of hurling the discus. 

656 CowLry Pindaric Odes, Praise Pindar iii. note, The 
chief Exercises there were Running, Leaping, Wrestling, 
the Discus, which was the casting of a great round Stone, 
or cm made of Iron or Brass. _172§ Pore Odyss. vitl. 137 
From Elatreus’ strong arm the Discus flies. 1892 P. GARDNER 
Chap. Grk. Hist. ix. 295 The discus. .weighed about twelve 
pounds. It was round and flat, and a skilful athlete. . would 
sometimes hurl it more than a hundred feet. /did., These 
three competitions—leaping, throwing the spear, and hurling 


ille, Be discussed, after Goddes wille. /did. 6247 Crist, at 
his last commyng, Sal in dome sitte and discusse alle thyag: 
c1400 Lanfranc’'s Cirurg. 141, I bileue, if .. he wole wisely 
discussen alle pe opynyons of auctouris, pat he schal seen 
[etc.]. ¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione 1, xiv, In demyng oir men, 
a man laborip in veyn.. but in demying & discussyng a man 
self, euere he laborip fruytuously. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VI//, 
c. 27 Anie matter or cause depending or to be di | 
inthe same courte, 1555 Even Decades 13 They haue onely 
discussed that superficiall parte of the earth which lyeth be- 
twene the Ilandes of Gades and the ryuer of Ganges. 1613 
Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 479 A Supersedeas to stay execu- 
tion till the error be discussed. o 

+4. To settle or decide (as a judge). Ods. 

¢ 1381 Cuaucer Parl. Foules 624 Sith it may not here dis- 
cussed be Who loveth her best. 1486 //enry VII at York 
in Surtees Misc. (1890) 55 To discuse up in conscience ich 
judiciall cace. 1g5r Rowinson tr. A/ore's Utop. (Arb.) 22, 
As an vmpier or a ludge, with my sentence finallye to dis- 
cusse. 
ing whether of them was the first ; which question the hol 


does not discuss, the Membrane falls into Putre- | 


1587 Gotpinc De Mornay vii. 88 This vaine disput- | 


scripture will discusse in one word Yea, and nature it selfe | 


also will discusse it. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa. 123 | 


Which etymologie seemeth to me not improbable .. But .. 

we leave that to be discussed by others, 1771 Smotierr 

Humph, Cl. (1797) VIL. 192, 1 make no doubt but that in a 

day or two this troublesome business may be discussed. 
+b. absol. To decide (of). Obs. 

1514 Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 32 Why 
sholde thyng mortall of endeles thyng dyscus. 1628 GauLe 
Pract. Th. (1629) 50 hire to sift out, and peremptorily 
to discusse of the inscrutable Nature and Being of Christ. 

+5. To make known, declare, pronounce. Oés, 

(The history and place of this sense are not clear.) 


1389 in Lng. Gila gg ty No brother no sister ne shalle _ 


discuse pe counseil of pis fraternite to no straungere. 1480 
Miracle Plays (ed. Pollard 1890) 63 Lord thi rythwysnesse 
here dyscus. 1520 Caxton’s Chron, Eng. ut. 19/2 [Daniel] 
dyscussed the dreames of the kynge. 1598 Suaxs. Me WwW, 
1. iii, x04, I will discusse the humour of this Loue to Ford. 
*599 — Hen. V,1w. iv. 5 Art thou a Gentleman? — t is 
thy Name? discusse. /6éd, 30 Discusse the same in Frenc 
vato him. 1632 Lrrucow 7rav’, 1x. 379 Time discussing 

A miracle of Mettall. ‘ 

6. To investigate or examine by argument ; to 
sift the considerations for and against ; to debate. 
(Now the ordinary sense. 

¢ 1450 [see Discussine vdi, sd.]. 1530 Rastett Bk. Purgat, 


la 


DISCUSSER. 


among learned men. 1720 
Gay Poents (1745) 1. 238 We've business ‘To discuss, a 
of law. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscq's Accompl. Wom. M1. 157 
note, See the discourse .. wherein it is discussed, whether 
brutes have the use of reason. 1777 Prestitey Philos. 
Necess. x. 118 Mr. Hume .. discusses the question .. with 
great clearness. 1847 Tennyson Princ. u. 422 They, the 
While, Discuss’d a doubt and tost it to and fro. 1849 Mac- 
pon Hist. Eng. 1. 598 Several schemes were proposed and 


b. adsol. To hold discussion; to debate. 

1587 Turserv. 7 rag. 7. (1837) 42 Amongst themselves the 
feasters gan discusse And diversly debate from young to old. 
1628 T. Srencer Logick 311 A Method whereby wee come 
to know how to discusse. 


7. trans. To sift or investigate (material). rare. 

1802 Parry Nat. Theol. xii. (1824) 483/2 These serrated or 
dentated bills..form a filtre. The ducks by means of them 
discuss the mud ; examining with great accuracy the puddle. 

8. To investigate or try the quality of (food or 
drink) ; to consume, make away with. (Somewhat 
humorous.) 

1815 Scott Guy M. xxii, A tall, stout, country-looking 
man.. busy discussing huge slices of cold boiled beef. Le 4 
Marryar Midsh. Easy i. 5 They allowed him to discuss the 
question, while they discussed his port wine, 1861 ‘THorn- 
Bury 7urner 11. 264 Turner was always to be seen between 
ten and eleven at the Athenzum, discussing his half-pint of 
sherry. 1884 Lp. Matmessury Mem. Ex-min. 11, 281 The 
time was passed in di ing a sub ial lunch 

9. Civil Law. To ‘do diligence’ (DILIGENCE 
5a) or exhaust legal proceedings against (a debtor), 
esp. against the person primarily liable (or his pro- 
perty), before proceeding against the property of a 
person secondarily liable. 

Used with local peculiarities of application in Scotland, 
Lower Canada, and Louisiana, also as rendering Fr. discuter 
in analogous sense. See Discussion 5. 

1681-93 Stair /nst, Law Scot. 1. xvii. § 5 Cautioners can- 
not be pursued till the principal Debitor be discust. bid. 
ut v. § 17 Heirs of Blood..and also Executors must be dis- 
cussed before Heirs of Provision or Tailzie. 1766 W. Gorvon 
Gen. Counting-ho. 340 The accepter being discussed, the bill 
must recoil upon the drawer. 1848 WHarton Law Lex. 
s.v. Discussion, The obligation contracted by the surety 
with the creditor is, that the latter shall not proceed against 
him until he has first discussed the principal debtor, if he is 
solvent. 1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scot. 2g1 Where a special 
heir is burdened with a debt, the creditor must discuss that 
heir before he can insist against the heir-at-law. . By discuss- 
ing an heir is meant, charging him to enter; and if he do 
not r ¢ the successi btaining decree against him, 
and raising diligence both inst his person and | his estate, 
whether belonging to himself or derived from his ancestor, 
as in the case of the discussion of a cautioner. 18.. Civil 
Code of Quebec Art. 1942 The creditor is not bound to dis- 
cuss the principal debtor unless the surety demands it when 
he is first sued. [See also Discussion 5.] 

Hence Discu'ssed f//. a. 

1598 Fiorito, Discusso, discussed, searched. 1892 Pall 
Mail G. 22 June 3/1 The only other discussed matter. 

+ Discu'ss, 54. Ots. [app. f. Discuss v.; but 
cf. L. discussus dashing, agitating, f. ppl. stem of 
discutére ; see Discuss v.] = Discussion, a. De- 
cision (of a judge), settlement. b. Examination, 
investigation. ¢. Debate; in quot. Je. a 

a. 1556 J. Hevwoop Spider & F. Ixv. 19 By his i 
Streight to blisse go they, streight to bale go wee. /did. 
Concl. 26 That they and we by goddes mercifull discus, 
May..Liue and loue together. 1616 Burgh Kec, Aberdeen 
5 Mar, (Jam. Supp.), To attend v said actioun, 
Viti soos Houimeuee Chope: Stee 1 athe Sapo iia 

a & OLINsHED Chron. Scot. I, ‘o refer my selfe 
to oan and iderati of hind d Sir 
E. Hony Let. to Mr. T. 1. 6 In this my discusse .. I will 
.. confine my selfe within this list. 1650 T. VaucHan 
Anthrop. Theom.7 These are Magnalia Dei & Naturae, 
and require not our Discusse so much as our Reverence. 

c. 1655 H. Vaucnan Silex Scint. 1. Storm (1858) 57 Whe 
his waters billow thus, Dark storms and wind Incite them to 
that fierce discusse. 

Discussable, var. of DiscussIBLE. — : 

Diseussal, rare. [f. Discuss v.+-au.] = Dis- 
CUSSION. 

1828 Life Planter Yamaica (ed. 2) 124 This discussal of 
a one-day's wonder. 

Discusser (diskv'sa1). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
He who or that which discusses, in various senses. 
+a. One who settles or decides questions (ods.). 
b. One who en in discussion or debate. + ¢. 
A medicine that disperses humours, etc. (04s.). 

a. 1596 Dacrympce tr. Lesdie's Hist. Scot. I. vi. 334 Quha 


was cheife discusser in controuersies, quhom thay call grett 
quotas of Jngland. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pod. vin. vi. § 12 
‘hat thereof God him: was inventor, disceptator, lator, 


the deviser, the discusser, the deliverer. ‘ 
b. 1621 Corcr., Discutenr, a discusser, examiner, de- 
bater. 1689 Answ. Desertion Discussed in 11th Collect. 
Papers Present Juncture of Affairs 6 Thus the sser 
rambles out of one Untruth into another. 1691 Woop A th. 
O-xon. 1, 349 A discusser of controversies against Bellarmine. 
1893 Chicago Advance 23 Nov., (The biblical preacher] is 
not a discusser, whose is to break to pieces sift 
for better construction and consolidation. Sa 
@. 1612 Woovatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 29 This Minium- 
laster is a discusser of hot humors. 1656 Ringtey 
ract, Physick 31 First give astringent Syrups, then add 


a 


DISCUSSIBLE. 


Discussible (disky'sib’l), a. Also 7 -able. 
[f. L. discuss-: see Discuss v. + -BLE.] Capable 
of being discussed. ‘+a. Med. That can be dis- 
persed, asa humour. b. That can be debated or 
examined by argument. 

1662 J. CHanpter Van Helmont’s Oriat. 330'To consume 
water, and the more light discussable things, into vapours. 
1862 Mutt Logic (ed. 5) II. 18 note, To have rendered so 
bold a suggestion. .ad: ible and di: ible even as a con- 
jecture, 1 . M. Rosertson Ess. Crit. Method 71 It is 
discussible under three aspects. 

ussient, obs. by-form of DiscuTIENT. 

Discu'ssing, v//. s/.  [f. Discuss v. + -1NG 1.] 
The action of the verb Discuss ; = D1scussIon (in 
various senses). 

c1450 R. Gloucester’s Chron, (1724) 483/2 note (MS. Coll. 
any Amon righte welle lettred men..he hathe busy 
9 ees of questions. cx1gss isher's Life in Wks. 
(E. E. T. S.) I. 139 To have referred the hearing and dis- 
cussing of his crime to his metropolitan. 1611 Corcr., 
Liquidation. .a discussing, or examination. 1681-93 STair 
Inst, Law Scot. 1. v. § 17 Heirs .. have the benefit of an 
order of discussing. 1726 AyLirFe Parergon 192'To commit 
the Discussing of Causes privately to certain Persons learn’d 
inthe Laws, | 

Discu'ssing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.] 
That discusses ; in various senses of the vb. ; spec. 
of medicine That disperses humours, tumours, etc. 

1607 TorseLt Four-f, Beasts (1658) 437 ‘There is such a 
dispersing and discussing nature in Wine, that it dissolveth 
all.. hard things in the bodies of Beasts. 1632 Brug. Phys. 
Pract.276 These discussing medicines shalbe vsed, 1707 
Foyer Physic, Pulse-Watch 279 Hot discussing Unctions, 

Discussion (disky‘fon). Also 4 discucion. 

a. OF. discussion, discucion (12th c. in Littré), ad. 

discusston-em shaking, examination, discussion, 
n. of action from discu/ére : see DiscuTE, Discuss. ] 
+1. Examination, investigation, trial (by a judge) 
judicial decision. Oés. 


1340 Hampote Psalter |. 1 Here fordos he discussion of | 


a 

syn, for he grauntes the dede. 1340 — Pr. Cousc. 2582 

en be devels and be angels Has desputed our lif.. And 
discucion made, als fals to be. c¢1440 Yacob’s Well xv. 98 
Seynt Gregorie seyth, pat doom is a dyscussyoun of fe 
cause. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 60b, Make dayly 
discussyon of thy conscyence, 

2. Examination or investigation (ofa matter) by 
arguments for and against; ‘the ventilation of a 
question’ (J.). 

@1556 Cranmer Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. 61 Where you seem 
to be offended with the discussion of this matter, what hurt 
..can gold catch in the fire, or truth with discussing? 1558 
Br. Watson Sev. Sacram. viii. 44 The subtlenesse of mans 
at is to bee reiected from the iudgement and discussion 
of this holy mystery. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems, De- 
mocritus Platonissans Pret. 190 Discussion is no prejudice 
but an honour tothetruth. 1771 Funius Lett. lix. 310, I do 
not mean to renew the discussion of such opinions. 1874 
Green Short Hist. viii. § 2.477 He [James]..forbade any 
further discussion of State policy. 1891 Lp. HerscueEce in 
Law Times’ Rep. UXV. 567/1 Much learning was expended 
in the discussion of the point. 

b. Argument or debate with a view to elicit 
truth or establish a point ; a disquisition in which 
a subject is treated from different sides. 

1789 Betsuam Ess. II. xl. 519 Passionate dogmatists, the 
avowed enemies of discussion. 1790 Burke Fx. Rev. Pref. 
3 The Author began a second and more full discussion on 
the subject. 1856 Froupr //ist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 205 In 
the House of Commons .. there was in theory unrestricted 
liberty of discussion. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1V, 14 This 
— is one of the least satisfactory in the dialogues of 

lato. 

3. Investigation of the quality of an article of food, 
etc. by consumption of it. Azorous and collog. 

1862 Sata Seven Sons I. iii. 49 [He] has. .five minutes for 
the discussion of his beloved cheroot. 1864 .D. G. MitcHeti 
Sev. Stor, 54 We fell presently to discussion of the mutton. 
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl, 11. 143 The discussion of a 
bottle of port in Mr. Rudd’s back parlour. 

+4. Med. The dissipation or dispersal of hu- 
mours, the resolution of tumours, etc, 

1620 VENNER Via Recta Introd. 3 Discussion of vaporous 

superfluities, 1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. 26 Evident from 
the suddain and easy di ion of the fit. 1753 N. Torrtano 
Gangr, Sore Throat 35 The Parents earnestly desiring the 
Discussion of it, I was constrained to put upon the Tumour 
+-Diabotanum. 1758 J.S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 
330 The Termination of the Erysi was not only by Bis. 
cussion, or Resolution, but also by Suppuration. 
_5. Czvil Law. The exhaustion of legal proceed- 
ings against a debtor, esp. against a person primar- 
ily liable for a debt or payment, before proceeding 
against a person secondarily liable. 

A term of Roman Law, whence of the old law of France, 
and of the Code Napoléon; thence of the codes of Quebec, 
and Louisiana ; also of the law of Scotland, where the ‘dis- 
cussion of heirs’ is a specific feature. 

Benefit of discussion : the right of a person liable to pay 
‘acertain sum in case of the failure of the person primarily 
liable, to ire legal pr ings to be exh d agai 
the latter before demand is made upon himself. Déscussion 
a heirs (Sc. Law), the proceeding against heirs for debts 

ue by the deceased, in a determined order, with use of 
diligence against the first, before proceeding against the 

, and so on, 

1681-93 Stair Just. Laws Scot. 1. v. § 20 To sist process 
against such Heirs as have the benefite of Discussion. 1751-3 
A. M’Dovatt /ust, Law Scot. 1. xxiii, 30 One who mes 
‘bound either to cause“the debtor to pay or the debt 
himself .. has not the benefit of discussion, 1848 WHARTON 


439 


Law Lex. 184/2 By the Roman law sureties were ., liable 
only after the creditor had sought payment from the principal 
debtor, and he was unable to pay. This was called the benefit 
or right of discussion. 186 Ww Bett Dict. Law Scot. 290/2 
Discussion. This is a technical term in the law of Scotland, 
and may be applied either to the discussion of a principal 
debtor, or to the discussion of heirs. /éfd. The privilege of 
discussion is now taken away by the Act 19 and 20 Vict., c. 60, 
§ 8, 1856, unless expressly stipulated for in the instrument of 
caution. /d7d. 291 Discussion of heirs. .The following is the 
legal order in which the heirs must be discussed :—1s¢ The 
heir of line. .2d the heir of conquest. .3¢ the heir-male. .4¢/ 
heirs of tailzie and provision by simple destination, where 
they represent the dee: and /ast/y Heirs under marriage- 
contracts, where they are not themselves creditors. 18. . 
Civil Code of Quebec Art. 1941 The surety is liable only 
upon the default of the debtor, who must previously be dis- 
cussed, unless the surety has renounced the benefit of dis- 
cussion. 18.. Law of Louisiana Arfs. 3014-17 (old Nos.), 
3045-8 (new Nos.). 

6. Comb., as discussion-meeting. 

1853 Lyncu Sedf-/prov. iv. 97 The young man..may get 
and give much good in discussion-meetings, 

Discu'ssional, a. [f. prec. + -au.] Of the 
nature of or pertaining to discussion. 

1848 Fraser's Mag, XX XVIII. 341 In this whole array of 
discussional ostentation. 

Discu'ssionist. [f. as prec. + -Ist.] One who 
advocates or practises discussion or debate. 

1867 Ch. & State Rev. 30 Mar. 292 The discussionists 
cannot resist the temptation..to air their vocabulary. 1879 
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1, 152 In religious sects and theo- 
logical discussionists. 

iscussive (diskz'siv), a. and sé. [f. L. dzs- 
cuss- ppl. stem of déscutere to DISCUSS + -IVE.] 
A. adj. +1. Med. =Discurient a. Obs. 

1580 Well of W. Hill, Aberdeen Aiij, (Vhe water] being 
laxatiue, attenuatiue. .and discussiue. 1628 VENNER J obacco 
(1650) 407 Its faculty being both discussive and expulsive. 
1727 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Burdock, Ut .. is discussive 
and bitter to the taste. 

+2. Having the quality of settling (a matter in 
dispute) ; decisive. Ods. 

1604 T. Wricnt Passions v. iv. 18 Things. .not discussive 
for questions or disputes. 1644 Presbytery Display'd (1668) 
20 [They] have vocem deliberativam, vocem decisivam, 
have a debating, discussive voice. 

3. Pertaining to discussion or debate. arch. 

1644 Mitton Fdgm, Bucer (1851) 304 Ready, in a fair and 
christianly discussive way, to debate and sift this matter. 
1698 J. Cocxpurn Bourignianism Detected i. 16 Those 
Rational discussive Faculties which help others to the 
knowledge of Truth. 1826 Keatincre 7vav. (1817) I. 125 
Judiciously curtailed of some. . verbose discussive scenes, 

+ B. sb. Med. A dissipating or resolving agent ; 
a discutient. Ods. 

1612 Enchir. Med. 92 Beware of immoderate discussiues. 
1671 Satmon Sy, Med. ut. xvi. 364 Discussives are such 
ae ereceauly disperse the matter, and so dissolve it insen- 
sibly. 

Hence +Discu'ssively adv., + Discu‘ssiveness. 

1613 M. Riptey Magn, Bodies 6 These being artificially and 
discussively fastened to this Loadstone. 1727 Batcey vol. II, 
Discussiveness, dissolving or dispersing quality. 

+ Discu‘ssment. Ods. rare. [f. Discuss v. 
+-MENT.] = DIscussion. 

1559 App. PARKER Corr. 94 We beseech your Majesty .. 
to refer the discussment and deciding of them to a synod of 
your bishops and other godly learned men, 1651 Carr- 
wricut Cert. Relig. 1.57 Requisite for the Churches under- 
standing, and by..her consultations and discusments. 

Biscu'ssory, ¢. rare—°. [f. L. descuss- (see 
DiscussIVE) + -oRY.] Discutient. 

1823 Crass Technol. Dict., Discutient or Discussory 
medicines, those which dissolve impacted matter. 

+ Discu‘ssure. Obs. rare—'. [f. Li déscuss- 
(see DISCUSSIVE) +-URE.] = DISCUSSION. 

1610 W. FotkinGuam Art of Survey 1. ii. 2 The Matter 
comprises the Elementarie composition and constitution of 
Possessions: and in discussure thereof, the Materiall parte is 
most conuersant. 

+ Discu'stom, sd. Obs. vare—}.  [f. Dis- 9 + 
Custom sb.; prob. after Discustom v.] Discon- 
tinuance of a custom ; disuse. 

1603 FLorio Montaigne ui. xii. (1632) 611 Better. .than for 
ever through discustome..lose the commerce and conversa- 
tion_of common life. 

+ Discu'stom, v. Obs. [ad. OF. descostumer, 
-coustumer to lose the habit or custom of, f. des-, 
Dis- 4 + costumer to render customary, etc.: see 
Custom v.] ¢rans. To render unaccustomed ; to 
cause to discontinue a custom or habit; = D1sac- 
custoM. Hence Discu'stomed ///. a. 

1soz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxii. 299 
Moeuynge the helpe of god hym to dyscustome. 1598 
Svivester Du Bartas u. i. 1. (1641) 113/1 If now no more 
my sacred rimes distill With Art-lesse ease from my dis- 
custom’d quill. 1677 E, PLepGer in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. 
Ps, xxx. 7 Discustom ourselves to the exercise of faith. 

Disecu'table, a. rare. [a. mod.F. déscutadle, f. 
discuter, ad. L. discutére to Discuss: cf. next.] 
Capable of being discussed ; DiscussIBLE. 

1893 Sat. Rev. 11 Feb, 150/t Many insoluble or discutable 


points. . 
Discutant. vare. [*. F. déscutant, pr. pple. of 
discuter to discuss, subst.; see -ANT1,] One 
who discusses. 

1871 H. B. Forman Living Poets 166 The contrast be- 
tween the half-frank discutant and the unctuous but immoral 
dignitary discussed. 


DISDAIN. 


+ Discu'te, v. Ods. [a. F. discute-r (14th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L, discutére to dash or shake 
asunder, in late L. to discuss, investigate, f. D1s- 1 
+ guatére (in comb, -cztére) to shake, strike with 
a shock. Now displaced by Discuss.] 

trans. To discuss; to investigate, examine. 

1483 Caxton Cato A viij, Euery juge ought to discute and 
examyne the caas of bothe partyes in. suche manere that he 
may do equite and justyce. 1484 — Fables of A U/once (1889) 
9 The cause to be discuted or pleted before the Juge. 

b. zutr. with of. ; 

ars2r Helyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) HI. 53 To 
discute of a mater. . ‘ 

Hence Discu'ting vé/. s., discussing. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 431 b/t O dylygente dyscutyng of 
causes and maters he rendred or yelded juste jugemente. 

Discutient (diski7 fient), a. and sb. AZed. Also 
7 discussient. [ad. L. déscutient-em, pr. pple. of 
discutére: see DISCuTE.] 

A. adj. Having the quality of ‘discussing’ or 
dissipating morbid matter; resolvent. 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 311 A discutient 
Cataplasme. 1740 Ayterr in PAil. Trans, XLII. 10 An 
hot, discutient, and restringent Fomentation. 1876 Bakr- 
tHoLtow Jat. Med. (1879) 411 Preparations of conium were 
much used for a supposed discutient or resolvent action .. 
in certain kinds of tumors. 

B. sb. A discutient medicine or preparation. 

1655 CuLpeprer Riverius 1. xv. 54 When the matter is som- 
what thin. .use not strong discussients and dissolvers. 1718 

uincy Compl. Disp. 109 It enters .. into many Fomenta- 
tions, as a good Discutient. 1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 
30 Employed externally as a discutient, 

Disdain (disdé'n), sb, Forms: a. 3-5 de- 
deyn(e, 4 dedeigne, -eyng, -ayn, §dedein. 8B. 
4-5 desdeyn,-dayn. . 4 disdein‘e, 4-5 -deyn(e, 
4-0 -deigne, 4-7 -dayn(e, 5 dysdane, -dene, 
-dayne, Sc, disdenje, -dene, 6-7 disdaine, 6- 
disdain. Cf. Spricn. [ME. dedeyn, desdeyn, a. 
OF. desdeign, -daign, -daing, -dain, A¥. dedeigne 
(Langtoft Chron. IL, 430°, mod.F. dedain = Pr. des- 
daing, -denh, Cat. desdeny, Sp. desdeno, It. disdegno 
(sdegno), Romanic deriv. of des-, disdegnare to dis- 
dain: see next.] 

1. The feeling entertained towards that which one 
thinks unworthy of notice or beneath one’s dignity ; 
scorn, contempt. 

a. crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 414/387 He hadde gret de-deyn 
smale pefpes to do. ax1z00 Cursor M. 11309 (Cott.) O 
pouert na dedeigne [later MSS. disdeyn, -dayne], had he. 
1340 Hampoie Psalter xxviii. 6 Pai ere kald vnycorns for 
pride & dedeyne. ¢1450 Myrc 1159 Hast [pow] had any 
dedeyn Of ober synfulle pat pou hast seyn ¢ Lepce 

y. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 121 He, which love had in dis- 
deigne. 1540-1 Etyor /mage Gov. Pref. (1556) 3 Although dis- 
deigne and envie dooe cause them to speake it. 1599 SHAks. 
Much Ado, i. 51 Disdaine and Scorne ride sparkling in 
her eyes, Mis-prizing what they looke on, 1667 Mitton 
P. L. 1. 98 That fixt mind And high disdain, from sence of 
injur’d merit. 1749 Fietpinc Yom Yones x1. vii, As I re- 
ceived no answer .. my disdain would not suffer.me to con- 
tinue my application, 1824 L. Murray ng. Gram. (ed. 5) 
1.440 Haughtiness is founded on the high opinion we enter- 
tain of ourselves; disdain, on the low opinion we have of 
others. 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr, (1864) V. 1x. viii. gor They 
were called in disdain the Puritans, an appellation which 
perhaps they did not disdain. 1875 F. Hatt in Lippincott's 
Mag. XV. 342/1, 1 .. had conceived a disdain of feathered 
things, bustards excepted. mere : 

+b. with g/. An instance or exhibition of this. 

1631 Donne Dial. w. Sir H. Wotton (T.), So her dis- 
dains can ne’er offend. 1632 Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's 
Vnhappy Prosp. 152 My disdaines have served my pur- 
poses. ; aes 

+ 2. Indignation ; anger or vexation arising from 
offended dignity; dudgeon. 70 have d.: to be in- 
dignant, take offence. 70 have in d., to have d. of: 
to be indignant or offended at. Ods. 

a. 1297 R. Guouc. (1724) 193 Of yn vnry3t ychabbe gret 
dedeyn. a@1340 Hampote Psalter xxxvi.1 Noli emulart in 
malignantibus .. Will not haf dedeyn in ill willand. /67d. 
Ixxxiv. 3 Auertisti ab ira indignacionis tue .. pou turnyd 
fra be wreth of pi dedeyn. ¢1380 Wyciir Serm. Sel. Wks. 
II. 70 Pis eldere sone hadde dedeyn, and wolde not come 
in. 1400-50 Alexander 3155 He dedeyne [Dudd. MS. dis- 
dayinel Wade, pat pai ware comen doun of kyngis, and be no 
cause ellis. 

B. ¢1386 Cuaucer Franki. Prod. 28 (Ellesm. MS.), I prey 
yow haueth me nat in desdeyn [v.7. disdeyne] Though to 
this man I speke a word or two, 1450 Ant. de la Tour 
(1868) 17 The king saide, ‘y chese the yongest of the .iij. 
doughters. .” of the whiche the eldest and the secounde had 
gret meruaile and desdeyn. 1481 Caxton Myrr. i. vi..72 
Of grete desdayn he suffreth to be slayn and dye. : 

yy. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pro/. 789 (Sloane MS.) But take it 
nought ? praie 30w in disdeigne [v.r7, disdeyne, disdayn, 
decloyal: 1398 Gower Con/, II. 345 But Phebus, which 
hath great disdein 


Of that his maiden was forlein. 1513 
Douctas 42xeis vu. xiii. 160 Than Jupiter .. Haifand dis- 
dene ony mortall suld be Rasit to lyf. 1600 E. Boung,tr. 
Conestaggio 299 The defeat of the Armie..caused. .through- 
out ibe Hacks a great griefe and disdaine. 1606 SHaks. 
Tr. & Cr. 1. ii. 35 The disdain and shame whereof, hath 
euer since kept Hecee fasting and waking, 1659 B. Hareis 
Parival’s Iron Age 229 Having conceived some disdain 
inst his Master. @ 1677 Barrow Sev, Wks, 1716 I. 62 

‘The great person .. took the neglect in huge disdain. 


+b. fig. Of a wound: Angriness, inflamed con- 
dition. Obs. rare. (Cf. proud flesh.) ~ 
c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 Whanne pilke wounde-was 


DISDAIN. 


sowdid pe pannicle was not weel heelid hadde a dedein 
& was cause of gendrynge of a cram 

+3. Losing. aversion, dislike. Ods. 

{x in O. £, Misc. 228 And hedden of mony metes 
de-deyn.] Currerrer Riverius 1, vii. 30 These are the 
forerunners of an Epilepsy ; disdain of meat [etc.]. 

+b. transf. The quality which excites aversion ; 
loathsomeness. (Cf. Darn sd. 3.) Obs. 

1590 Spenser F. Q. 1.i.14 Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and 
full of vile disdaine. 

Disdain (disd2!n), v, Forms: a. 4 dedeyngne, 
5 dedeyne, 5 dedene; 8. 4 desdaine, -deigne, 

-dayne. y. 5 disdeyne, -daigne, (dis- 
deynt), 5-6 dys-, 5-7 disdayne, 6 disdeine, 
-dane, 6-7 -dcine, -deigne, 6- disdain. Cf. 
also Speian v. [ME., a. OF. desdetgnier, -deigner 
(3rd s. pres. -deigne), in later F. dédaigner, = Pr. 
desdegnar, Cat. desdenyar, Sp. dedefar, Pg. des- 
denhar, \t. disdegnare (sdegnare); a Common 
Romanic vb. representing, with des- for L. d@- (see 
De- 6), L. dédignare (collateral form of dédignari 
to reject as unworthy, disdain, f. DE- 6 + dignare, 
-Gri to think or treat as worthy; cf. DrIGn.) 

1. trans. To think unworthy of oneself, or of one’s 
notice; to regard or treat with contempt; to de- 
spise, scorn, a. with simple obj. 

aand B, ¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7. 42 (Ellesm. MS.) Lat 
youre eres nat my voys desdeyne [other MSS. disdeyne]. 
1483 Cath. Ang. 93/1 To Desden (Dedene A.), dedignari, 
detrahere, detractare; vbi. to disspise. : 

y. ©1386 [seeaandB]. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xv1. lvii, 
I fere to sore I shal disdayned be. *573 G. Harvey Letter- 
6k, (Camden) 4 He laid against me. .that I did disdain everi 
mans cumpani. 1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage v. xvii. 459 Whose 
proud top would disdaine climing. 1754 Epwarps Freed. 
Will v.iv. 217 Some seem to disdain the Distinction that we 
make between natural and moral Necessity. 1821 SHELLEY 
Prometh, Unb. 1. 52 If they disdained not such a prostrate 
slave. 1858 Lytton What will he do? 1. x, 1 disdain your 
sneer. 

b. with z2/f or gerund. To think it beneath one, 
to scorn (fo do or doing something). 

a, ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 2179 Ys herte was so gret, pat he 
dedeynede to clepe, ‘oundo’ ; bot ran to wib is fet. 

B. 1393 Gower Conf III. 227 If ..a king .. Desdaineth 
for to done hem grace. 

y. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. xv. 43 They dysdayne to 
obeye to theyre capytayne. a1533 Lp. Berners Huon 
xxiv. 70 They dysdayne to speke tome. 1611 Bist 7ransi. 
Pref. 11 Neither did we disdaine to reuise that which we 
had done. 1 Goipsm. Roman Hist. (1786) I. 397 This 
..was the title the Roman general disdained granting him. 
1 W. Tuomson Watson's Philip [11 (1839) 357 [They] 
disdained to follow this example of submission. 1868 E 


| 


| 
| 


440 


+b. impers. Z¢ disdains me: it moves my in- 
dignation, offends me. 
©1440 Vork Myst.v.11 Me —. pat he The kynde of vs 
me. 


tane myght, And per-at dide: 
Disdai-nable, a. vare. [a. OF. desdaign- 


| able: see prec. and -ABLE.] Worthy of disdain. 
‘ 47, di: Aas hl ihl. 


| allowance was. .not disd: 


Epwarps Raleigh I. xx. 455 Grey .. had disdained to beg | 


his life. 

e. To think (a thing) unworthy of (something). 
(Cf. DEIeN z. 2.) 

2° J. Hatt Hore Vac. 23 Nature disdeigned it a Roome. 

. To think (anything) uaworthy of. 

1591 Spenser Ruins of Vime Ded., God hath disdeigned 
the world of that most noble Spirit. 

+2. To be indignant, angry, or offended at. Ods. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. u. xlviii. 32 The kynge disdeynynge 
this demeanure of Andragius, after dyuers monycions.. 
gatheryd his knyghtes and made warre vpon Andragius. 
1632 Litucow 7rav. Prol. B, To shun Ingratitude, which 
I disdaine as Hell. 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. //16. vi. (1821) 
84 His answer was much disdained. 1695 Lp. Preston 
Boeth. ut. 106 Hence. .we often so much disdain their being 
conferr’d upon undeserving Men. : 

b. with subord. clause: To be indignant //at. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. 111, 45 The kyng of Scottes dis- 
deignynge that the stronge castell of Dumbarre should re- 
mayne in thenglish mennes handes. 1587 ‘Turserv. 7 rag. 
7. (1837) 128 Who highly did disdaine That such .. abuse 
his honour should distaine. 1602 Marston Ant. & Med. 
u. Wks. 1856 I. 27, I have nineteene mistresses alreadie, 
and I not much disdeigne that thou shold'st make up the 
ful score. 1796 W. Tayior in Monthly Mag. 1. 14 Dis- 
daining that the enemies of Christ should abound in wealth. 

+3. intr. To be moved with indignation, be in- 
dignant, take offence. Const. a¢ (rarely against, 
of, on). Obs, 

a, 1362 Wyciir ¥od xxxii. 3 But ajen the thre frendis of 
hym he dedeynede, forthi that thei hadden not founde a 
resounable answere. — Matt. xxi. 15 The princis of prestis 
and scribis .. dedeyneden, and seiden to hym, Heerist thou 
what these seyen? a1400 Relig. Pieces /r. Thornton MS, 
go Pat deuyls lymme, dedeyned at pi dede. 

. 14.. Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. 108 Of whos cumyng 
though thou dysdeyne Hyt may not pleynly help. 1526 
Tinpace Matt. xx. 24 They disdayned at the two brethren. 
— Fokn vii. 23 Disdayne ye at me, because I made a man 
every whit whoale? ¢1563 Cavenpisu Ld. Seymour iv., in 
Wolsey, etc. (1825) II. 105 To disdayn ayenst natures newe 
estate, B. Jonson Discov, ad fin., Ajax, deprived of 
Achilles’ armour .. disdains ; and growing impatient of the 
injury, rageth, and runs mad. Sir T. Hersert Trav. 
oo and Butter is among them, but such as squemish 

nglish stomacks wil disdaine at. 

+4. trans. To move to indignation or scorn; to 
offend, anger, displease. Ods. 

a 1470 Tiptort Caesar x. (1530) 12 Induciomarus was sore 
displeased and dysdayned at thys doynge. 1627 Vox Piscis 
Avb, It shall nothing disdaine you; for it is no new thing, 
but even that which you have continually looked for. 1650 
Howe. Girafi's Rev. Naples 18 The people .. being much 
disdain’d that the Vice-Roy had poker ay Bs 1817 ComBE 
Devil upon Two Sticks in Lond. 1,251 Fashionable amuse- 
ments delight him not, and even elegant vice disdains him. 


1611 Cotcr., Desdaig i y p 
1895 Daily News 9 Sept. 4/7 That tenth of a second of 
isdained .. Yet to one not to the manner 
born of racing it might have certainly seemed ‘disdainable ’. 
Disdained (disdé-nd), p/. a. [f. Disparn.] 
1. Treated with disdain; despised, scorned. 
1598 Yonc Diana6 The disdained Shepherd. 1670 Mitton 
Hist, Eng. u. Wks, (1851) 54 A new and disdained sight. 
+2. Characterized by disdain; disdainful, scorn- 
ful. Obs. rare. 


1596 Suaks. 1 //en. /V, 1. iii. 183 Reuenge the geering | 


and disdain'd contempt Of this proud King. 

+ Disdain , adv. Obs. rare. 
-Ly 4.) Scornfully, disdainfully. 

1535 COVERDALE 1 Sam. xvii. 10, I haue spoken diszdanedly 
vnto the hoost of Israel. — Ps. xxx. 18 Which cruelly, 
diszdanedly & despitefully speake agaynst the rightuous. 

Disdainer. [f. Dispain v. + -ER1.] One 
who disdains ; a scorner, despiser. 

1580 Ho.tysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Mespriseur, a dis- 
dayner, a despiser. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay ii. 22 To 
make h 
Trag. Rich. 11, (1870) 49 The tooe, a disdayner or spurner. 

Disdainful (disdé'nful), @. [f Disparn sé. 
+-FUL.] 

1. Full of or showing disdain; scornful, con- 
temptuous, proudly disregardful. 

1542 Wyatt li'auering Louer in Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 
35 Vnder disdainfull brow. 1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. L 


[f. prec. + 


De it. iv. 
53 The proud disdainfull Shepherdesse That was his Mis- 
tresse. 1663 CowLey Ode Restoration xii, Cast a disdainful 
look behind. 1750 Gray Elegy viii, Nor [let] Grandeur 
hear with a disdainful smile The short and simple annals of 
the poor. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I, 122 They. .marched 
against the most renowned battalions of Europe with dis- 
dainful confidence. 
b. Const. 27. or of. 

1580 Lyiy Euphues (Arb.) 446 They are..not disdainfulle 
to conferre. 1613 Suaxs. Hew. V///, u. iv. 123 Stubborne 
to lustice .. Disdainfull to be tride by’t. 1746 Moret 
Oratorio‘ Judas Maccabeus’, Disdainful of danger, we'll 
rush on the foe. 1874 Green Short /ist, viii. § 5. 505 An 
administrator, disdainful of private ends. 

+2. Indignant, displeased; inimical. Ods. rare. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. 111, 45 b, The malicious attemptes 
and disdeynfull invencions of his envious adversaries. 1550 
CoverDALe Sfir. Perle xii. Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. 133 Vexed 


is greatest disdainers .. confesse his arte. ¢c1630 © 


in his mind and disdainful that he is not so... fortunate as 


other be. : : : 

+3. That is the object of indignation, hateful ; 
that is the object of disdain. Ods. 

1547 SurREY 4ineid 1. 850 For I my yeres disdainfull 
to the Gods [‘nvisus divis] Have lingred fourth. 1586 MAr- 
Lowe 1st Pt. Tamburl... ii, Villain. . Fall prostrate on the 
low disdainful earth, 

i i y (disdénfuli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY *.) In a disdainful manner; with disdain ; 
scornfully, contemptuously ; + with indignation. 

a. Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xii. (R.), Ene- 
mies, that disdeinfully wold put theim vnder, 1548 Hat 
Chron., Hen. V1, 159 This proude byll, was both of the 
kyng, and his counsaill, disdainfully taken. 1606 SHaks. 
Tr. & Cr. ut. iii. 53 Either greete him not, Or else disdain- 
fully. 1749 Fiecpinc Tom Yones xvi. ii, You would not 
have so disdainfully called him fellow. 1838 Dickens Nich. 
Nick. xix, He smiled disdainfully and pointed to the door. 


Disdai-nfulness. [f. as prec.+-Nness.] The 
quality of being disdainful. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm, Par. Luke vii. 37 (R.) With howe 
great stately disdeignfulnesse, and straunge countenance 
the Pharisiacall sort vsed to turne awai their faces from 
sinners. ~~, *Smectymnuus'’ Vind, Answ. xv. 184 The 
extream disdainfulnesse that breaths in every page and line. 
1719 D’Urrey Pills 1V. 113 Her Disdainfulness my Heart 
hath Cloven, 1856 R. A. Vaucuan A/ystics (1860) IL. vin. 
viii, 287 note, Should she leave her sting in the flower, if its 
juices are not to her taste, as man doth in his disdainfulness? 


anking, vbl. sh. [f. Dispary v. + -1NG1, 


The action of the verb Dispary ; the expression o! 
disdain or scorn, 


_ 1556 Aurelio § sab. (1608) B vj, That the sodain disdain- * 


ing rendred him rigorouser, a 1631 Donne Dial. w. Sir 
H. Wotton (T.), Say her disdainings justly must be grac’d 
With name of chast. 1633 P. Frercuer Purple Isl, x. 19 
In thy place is stept Disdaining vile, And Flatterie, base 
sonne of Need and Shame. 1722 Eviza Haywoop Brit. 
Recluse 131 Her very Countenance discover’d the secret 
Disdainings of her Soul. : 

ining, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
That disdains; disdainful, scornful. 

Hence Disdai‘ningly adv. 

c1485 Dighy Myst. wv. 1352 To be scornyd most deden- 
ynglye. 1519 Horman Vxég. 116 He goeth statly, and 
disdaynyngly. 16xx Sreev Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. iii, (1632) 462 
The Noble elias disdainingly storming. 

+ Disdainish, «. Ods. [f. Disparn sd, + 
-ISH.] Inclined to be disdainful or scornful. Hence 
Disdai‘nishly adv. 

1540 Hyroe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr, Wom... xii, (R.), Nor 
set her e -disdainishly. 

+ Disdainous, a. O/s. Forms: a, 4 de- 
deignous, dedeynous; 8. 5 desdeynous; y. 
5-6 dys-, disdeinous, -deynous, -daynous, 6 


4 , Ne proud, but 
ful pesible. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) u. xlv. (1859) 51 


‘ 


DISDIAPASON, 


dysdeignous, -danus, disdainous. [a. OF. des- 
deignos, -eus, -eux (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), =Pr. 
desdenhos, Sp. desdeitoso, It. disdegnoso | , 
a Com. Romanic adj. f. disdegno Disparx sb.: see 
-OUS. 

1. Full of or showing disdain ; disdainful, scorn- 
ful; proud, haughty. 


©1374 Cuaucer /roylus u. 1168 (1217) (MS. G 
os: oo hire herte oe Out ee 'diedaynis tag bib 
ainys, dis-, desdaynes, ynous, dis-, desdayns] prisoun. 
3377 Lana. P. P2, B. vin. 83 Who-so. .is pres pk ec 
pe ledeignous, dowel hym folweth. 
is diades:: 


“Kay Tt 


att nought al 
(86a) a ed Star Chamb. Proc. in Proc. Soc. Antig. 
1 1 Wit ysdanus countynans, &: 
ype ord Isab, (1608) Giv, It pleasethe you more to 
towardes hus disdaingi 1563 Cavenpisn L'auctor 
G. C. iii, in Wolsey, etc. (1825) 11. 140 Ther disdaynous dis- 
pyghts and onnaturall debates. 

y Full of indignation ; indignant. 

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode nu, civ. (1 114 Myn herte 
so disdeynows pe j —_ that ia ac i sncrsteth 
ontweyne. 153 Etyor Gov. 11. xii. (1883) 150 . began 
to murmure, and to cast a disdaynous and greuous loke 
upon Gysippus. 

+ Disdai‘nously, adv. Ods. [f. prec. +-L¥2.] 
Disdainfully, scornfully, haughtily. 
Fasyan Chron, vu. 563 He was dysdeynously an- 

seared 1568 GRAFTON Chron Il. aif The Magienahes ee 
did likewise vilipend and disdeynous!y mocke all that the 


Pope had there commau' 5 

Disdar, var. of Dizpar (Pers.), warden of a fort. 

+ Disda‘re, v. Obs. rare-%. [f. Dis- 6 or 7a 

+Dane.] ¢rans. To strip of daring, cow, quell. 

x612 Syvester tr. Mathieu's Henry the Great 450 
awfull frowne Dis-dared Vice. 

+ Disdeceive,v. Oés. [Dis-6.] trans, To 
deliver from deception; to undeceive, 

1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Gusman ad Alf. 1. 8 His owne 
miserie doth dis-deceiue him. /éid. 1. 77 He that truely 
loves is deceiv’d with that which ought to dis-deceiue him. 
1647 Farincpon Serm, ii. 38 Goe to my palace in Silo and 
there learn to disdeceive yourselves. Eart Mon, tr. 
Senault's Use of Passions (1671) 295 Christian Religion ., 
hath not been able to dis-deceive all Infidels. 

+ Disdeify, v. Obs. rare—', [f. Dis- 6 + 
Detry.] ¢rans, To deprive of deity: cf, Dison. 
1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1. xvi. 27 The Papi ray 
him as an old Man; and by this means, dis-dehe hin. : 
Disdein(e, -deigne, -dene, -den3e, deyn(e, 

obs. ff. DispDaIn. 

Disdenominationalize: see Dis- 6. 

Disdese'rve, v. zonce-wd. [D1s-6.] trans, 
To do the reverse of deserving ; to deserve to lose ; 
= DEMERIT ?. 3. 

1668 Lp. Orrery State Lett, (1743) U1. 347 Which though 
I cannot hope to merit, yet I am sure will sever disdeserve. 

+ Disdesi‘re, v. vonce-wd. [Dis-6.] ¢rans. 
To do the reverse of desiring; to desire to be 
without. 

1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. xxxiv, They.. lived to 
dis-desire and unwish their former choice, by late repentance. 


i Disdetermine, v. nonce-wd, [Dis- 6.] 
trans. To _— a - — eye to a, 
N. Bacon . t. . i. xl. 4 
on gh Sag piety by the Benes ictive Pine! Poole 
determined. .should be dis-d ined by one or a few. 
|| Disdiaclasis (disdoi,e"klasis), Optics. [mod. 
L., irreg. f. Gr. dis twice (in comb. regularly &:-, 
Dr-2) + daeAacis: see DIACLASIS.] Double refrac- 
tion (Syd. Soc. Lex, 1883). 
iaclast (disdoi-iklest). [ad. mod. L, dis- 
aang a (see a *A term applied by 
Briicke to dark particles formin; t a i- 
tion on the same plane, the doubl wemeaing Nise, 


band, or layer of striated muscular tissue’ (Syd. 
Mee Outl iot. 1, 1 The dark 
- HALL Ontlines Physiol. 1, - 
any ive nes dashed ons a line, ~ as being pmol 
of minute doubly-refracti named dis 


posed ting ic! . 
diaclasts, 1876 Quan Elem. pgs 8) Il, 114 The 
doubly refracting parts of a muscular fibre have, been 
conceived by Briicke to be made up of an 

minute doubly refracting particles, termed 
diaclasts. 1877 Rosentuat Muscles §& Nerves 102 At these 
points the di lasts are probably arranged regularly and 

uy 


in large 
*stic, a. rare. [f. mod. L. disdia- 
clast-us doubly refracting (irreg. f. Gr. dis twice + 
*d:axAaords, vbl. adj. of 5¢ « to break in two) 
+ -Ic.] Doubly refracting: applied to crystals ; 
also, 4 te nature of ry seer mee * rae 
, oLiNe (ti¢Ze) imenta ici 
deteclestil. see Pine. Prams, 203 alagr peculiar 
and notable propriety of the double Refraction in this Island- 


stone, we have not scrupled to call it Dis-diaclastick. — 

+ Disdiapa‘son. Mus. Obs, [a. L. disdia- 
pason, a, Gr. dis a macy ‘twice through all (the 
chords)’, a double octave in music; see D1apa- 
son.) The interval ofa double octave; a fifteenth ; 
(in quot. 1760) the compass or range of notes in- 


cluded within the same. 
1609 Doutanp. Ornith. Microl. 21 Disdiapason, is an 
Interual] by a Fifteenth, occasioned .. by a quadruple pro- 


a 


en 


DISDIET.. 


portion. 65x J. Flreaxe] Agrippa's Occ, Philos. 259 Sol 
obtains the melody of the octave voice viz. Diapason; in 
like manner by fifteen Tones, a Disdiapason. 1760 Pil. 
Trans. LI. 702 The lyre .. took in the compass of a dis- 

i , or double octave. 1774 Burney Hist. Mus. 

1789) I. i. 3 It was the opinion of the ancients that this 

isdiapason or double octave was the greatest interval 
which could be received in melody. 

+ Disdi-et. O¢s. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + Diet sd.] 
a ad or irregular diet or regimen of food. 

1 EwTon Lemnie’s Complex. (1633) 81 Old age is. .not 
well able to beare out even the least disdyet that may bee. 
1619 Denison Heav. Bang. (1631) 268 If the patient after- 
wards distemper himselfe by disdyed. 

Disdi- , v. Obs. rare. [DI8-6.] trans. 
To deprive of dignity ; to dishonour. 
Tecaeck Creed v. xxix. 286 They no way honour but 
.-disdignifie him in such solemnities. 

+Disdomage. 0s. rare—1. [a. OF. desdom- 
mage (in Godef.) a sum paid to indemnify, f. des-, 
Dis- 4 + dommage DaMace.] Indemnification. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxi. 227 By 
reason of dysdomage, as yf.. the lenner were in domage 
without fyccyon. 

+ Disdow'bt, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 5.] trans. 
To have adverse doubts about; to distrust, mis- 
trust, Mispousr, 

@1656 Br. Hatt Soliloguies 55 The stamp is too well 
known to be disdoubted. , 

Disdub: see Dis- 6. 

+ Dise, dyse, decapitated form of adzse, adds, 
Apzx, the initial @ being mistaken for the inde- 
finite article. 

a@x400 Gloss. in Rel. Ant. I. 8/1 Ascia, a dyse. c1460 
J. Russet. Bk. Nurture 112 Haue a gymlet, & a dise. 

Dise, obs. form of Dice; see Dru sd.1 

Disease (dizi‘z), s+. Forms: 4 deses, deisese, 
disseease, dishese, 4-5 disese, -sese, desese, 
dysese, 5 disess, -cese, -ees(e, -seese, -easse, des- 
esse, -eas, -eyce, dyses, -esse, -hese, -sese, -ase, 
-easse, -eze, -zese, -eysse, 5-6 dysease, -sease, 
Sc. diseis, 6 desease, disseyse, dysseasse, Sc. 
dises, 5— disease. [ME. di-, desese, a. AF. disease, 
desaese (Stat. Rich. II), OF. desatse, -ayse (14th c. 
in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + atse Ease sd.] 

+1. Absence of ease; uneasiness, discomfort ; 
inconvenience, annoyance; disquiet, disturbance ; 
trouble. Oés. 

In later use, generally with distinct reference to the etym. 
elements of the word: cf. Disease v. 1. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 166 Go and mak his pes, 
or he do be more stoure, And pou to pi deses may haf be 
frute and floure. 1388 Wyciir Yohs: xvi. 33 In the world 
3e schulen haue disese. c1q10 Love Bonavent. Mirr. 
xxvii, His disciples were in the see in grete disese. c1450 
Merlin 54 Thei shull haue grete dissese for lakke of water. 
@ 1547 Surrey in Tofte/l's Misc. (Arb.) 22 Till thou know 
my hole disseyse my hart can haue no rest. 1615 CHAPMAN 
Odyss. 1v. 1088 Doth sleep thus seize Thy powers, affected 
with so much dis-ease? 1623 Liste 4//ric on O. §& N. 
Test. Ded. xxiii, Some grudge of old disease, Which will 
enforce us fortifie our townes, 

+b. A cause of discomfort or distress; a trou- 
ble, an annoyance, a grievance. Oés. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. Prol. 5 It is a greet disese, 
Where as men han been in greet welthe and ese, To heeren 
of hire sodeyn fal. 1443 Paston Lett. No. 36 I. 49 Sende 
me a letter as hastely as 3e may, yf wrytyn be non dysesse 
to yow. @1667 Jer. Taytor Sevm. xxv. § 5 Wks. 1847-54 
IV. 64x The disemployed is a disease, and like a long sleep- 
less night to himself, and ag¢load to his country. 1712 
Priveaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 59 [It] is only for 
their own ease, and that must not be made a dis-ease to the 
rest of the Parish. 

+c. Molestation. 70 do disease to, to molest. 
¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 98 Nedders and ober veny- 
mous bestez of pat cuntree duse na diseese to na straungers 
ne pilgrimes. c1440 Ges‘a Kom. 1. xxvi. (1838) 353 The 
Emperour comaundede, that no man shulde dispoile the 
=e. -ne to hem do no disease. 1493 Festival (W. de 

V. 1515) 71 To praye for his enemys and them that. .dyde 
him dysease. 

2. A condition of the body, or of some part or 
organ of the body, in which its functions are dis- 
turbed or deranged ; a morbid pe condition ; 
‘a departure from the state of health, especially 
when caused by structural change’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
Also applied to a disordered condition in plants, 

(A gradual restriction of sense r, in early use only contex- 
tual: cf. the similar use of ‘ trouble’ in dialects.) 

a. ge. The condition of being (more or less 
seriously) out of health; illness, sickness. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 35 He was full of such disese, That 
he may nought the deth escape. ax400-50 Alexander 
ay Ligeia fallen in a feuire .. Pai .. said ilkane to othire: 
Be pis disese to ser Darie and his dukis knawen, He sall vs 
«Surely encounbre. 1555 Even Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 
53 Least thy disease become vncurable. 46 THOMSON 
Summer 1035 The dire power of mpestileait Giseases 1788 
Gisson Dec?. § F. 1. (1846) V. ro The legions of Augustus 
melted away in disease and lassitude. 1875 H. C. Woop 
Therap. (2879) 21 Disease often fortifies the system against 
the action of remedies. 1879 E.Garretr House by Works 
II, 42 Suppressing d instead of curing it. 

Ub. An individual case or instance of such a con- 
dition ; an illness, ailment, malady, disorder. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 38 Cured many di: 


441 


much sickness and diseases. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. w. iii. 9 
Diseases, desperate growne, By ry rai bagel are re- 
leeued. 167 Mitton Samson 618 My griefs .. pain me As 
a lingering disease. 1765 A. Dickson 7rvat. Agric. viii, 
(ed. 2) 83 The diseases of plants we may possibly do some- 
thing to prevent, but we can do little to remove. 1847 
Emerson Refr. Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 343 ‘To 
entertain you with the reco.ds of his disease. 

e. Any one of the various kinds of such condi- 
tions; a species of disorder or ailment, exhibiting 
special symptoms or affecting a special organ. 

Often with defining words, indicating its nature, or derived 
from the name of a person who has suffered from it, or of 
the physician who first diagnosed it: e.g. Addison's disease, 
a structural disease of the suprarenal capsules, resulting in 
anzmia and loss of strength, and commonly characterized 
by a brownish-olive discoloration of the skin (see BronzED 
4)3 first described by Thomas Addison (1793-1860). Bad 
disease, foul disease, names for syphilis (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
BLE disease, BRIGHT'S DISEASE, FIsH-sKIN disease, Foort- 
AND-MOUTH DISEASE, FRENCH disease, PoTATO disease, etc. 
see these words. 

1460-70 Bk. Quindessence 18 Oure quinte essence auri et 
perelarum heelith pese disesis, 1555 EDEN Decades 230 
The disease of saynt Iob whiche wee caule the frenche 
poxe. 165r Hosses Leviath. 1. xxix. 173 A Disease, which 
resembleth the Pleurisie. 1725 N. St. Anpré in Lond. 
Gaz. No. 6349/1 The .. Woman had the Foul Disease. 
1727-5t Cuambers Cycl., Diseases of plants .. Mildew, a 
kind of epidemical disease. 1799 Med. Fru/. II. 183 The 
diseases of human teeth and bones. 1836 Penny Cycl, VI. 
93/2 Cabbages are subject to a peculiar disease .. called 
ehabbing. 1885 Law 7imes LX XIX. 161/2 The mare was 
suffering from no catching disease. 

3. fig. A deranged, depraved, or morbid condi- 
tion (of mind or disposition, of the affairs of a com- 
munity, etc.) ; an evil affection or tendency. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xviii, A, a! said Counseyle, 
doubte ye never a dele, But your disease I shal by wysdome 
hele. 1 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1. ii. 138 It is the disease of 
not Listning, the malady of not Marking, that I am troubled 
withall. 1607 Rowtanps Famous [1 ist. 57 Ambitious pride 
hath been my youths disease. @ 1661 FuLLER Worthies, 
Warwicksh., Bad Latin was a catching disease in that age. 
1785 Frankun Lett. Wks. 1840 VI. 526 ‘The common 
causes of the smoking of chimneys. .the principles on which 
both the disease and the remedy depend. 1844 EmeERsoNn 
Lect., New Eng. Ref. Wks. (Bohn) I. 266 The disease with 
which the human mind now labours is want of faith. 

4. Comb., as disease-germ, -maker ; disease-caus- 
ing, -reststing, -spreading, etc., adjs. 

1865 Tytor Early Hist. Man. vi. 128 In the New Hebrides, 
there was a colony of disease-makers. 1883 Chamb. Frni. 
27 What is known.. in regard to the nature of disease- 
germs. 1886 A thenzum 7 Aug. 178/1 The coffee tree is the 
patient, the fungus ..is the disease-causing agent. 1890 
Daily News 22 Oct. 5/4 The disease-resisting potatoes. 

Disease (dizi‘z), v. Forms: 4-5 dissese, 4-6 
disese, 5 disees(e, -esse, -sease, -sase, dysese, 
-esse, -sese, -sesse, desese, dessayse, deshese, 
Sc. discese, 5-6 dys-, desease, 6 desesse, 7 dis- 
cease, 5- disease. [a. AF. *dscaser, -ceser, -aeser, 
for OF. desaazster to deprive of ease, f. desaise sb., 
after aatster, atser to EAsE.] 

+1. trans. To deprive of ease, make uneasy; to 
put to discomfort or inconvenience; to trouble, 
annoy, incommode, molest. Ods. 

c¢1340 Hampo.e Prose Tr. 41 Ouber for to put pe fra thi 
mete or thi slepe..or for to disesse any oper mane vnskil- 
fully. 1393 Gower Conf II. 8 In parte he was right inly 
glad And eke in parte he was disesed. a1qz0 HoccLeve 
De Reg. Princ. 754 It ruethe me, yf I have you disesede. 
1§26 ‘Tinpate Mark v. 35 Thy doughter is deed: why 
deseasest thou the master eny further? 1554 KNox Godly 
Let, Aviij, He wold not disease hymself to heare a sermon. 
1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. iv. § 19. 200 That I should 
disease myself or my Reader with a punctual examination 
of it, may seem superfluous. 1697 ConcrevE Mourn, Bride 
un. iv, What racking cares dis-ease a monarch’s bed. 

+b. To disturb (from quiet, rest, or sleep). Obs. 

01374 Cuaucer 77voylus ut. 1419 (1468) And sufferyst 
hire [pe dawyng] to sone vp.. ryse ffor to disese loueris 
in pis wyse. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 34 Sum 
what troubulde and disesyd by the noyse of the couent 
when they went oute of the chirche. 1§68 Yacob §& Esau 
1. i. in Hazl. Dodsley Il. 191 We disease our tent and 
neighbours all With rising Over early. ¢x16x1 CHAPMAN 
Iliad x. 45 Brother, hie thee to thy ships, and Idomen 
dis-ease, With warlike Ajax. 1653 T. Battey Fisher xxii. 
202 He was loath to disease him of his rest. 

2. To bring into a morbid or unhealthy condition; 
to cause illness, sickness, or disease in, to infect 
with disease. Usually in pa. pple. DISEASED, q.v. 

1467 [see Diseasep]. 1496 Dives §& Paup. (W. de W.) 1x. 
vi. at He hurte his fote and dyseased all his bodye. 1577 
B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. w. (1586) 191 Little children 
diseased with the dry cough. 1888 J. Ets New Christianity 
iv. 116 No other poison..so perverts, diseases, pollutes and 
degrades a man. .as does alcohol. 

Jig. @1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. Pref., We free our Lan- 
guage .. from the opinion of Rudeness, and Barbarism, 
wherewith it is mistaken to be diseas’d. c 1680 HICKERINGILL 
Hist. Whiggism Wks. 1716 1. 143 Evil Ministers Disease the 
Common-wealth. 1! Ae Ration, (1878) I. 375 Those 
ghastly notions. . which. .diseased the imaginations. .of men. 

Hence + Disea‘sing vi/. sb. and ffi. a. (in sense 
1). Obs. 

1558 Forrest Grysilde Sec. (1875) tor She was remoued, 
to more diseasinge, Io a towne Cowemoulton. 1615 T. 
omy ed Blacke Devill 30 A diseasing displeasi h to 


hed into a ‘desert. 1628 WITHER 


or sycknesses. 1: Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) II. 6 
The ral a being within the city] be we ped I o 
OL, . . 


Brit. Rememb. wi. 147 In those diseasings, I more joy 
received, 


DISEASY. 


Disease, obs. form of DEcEASE. 

Diseased (dizizd), pp/. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
Affected with disease; in a disordered bodily con- 
dition. Now usually of the bodily organs or fluids : 
In an unhealthy or disordered state, infected. 

1467 Mann. & Honseh. Exp. 173, 1 hame deshesed in 
schweche weyse that I may nate ryde norre wel goo. 1540 
Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 42 § 4 Diseasid personnes .. infected 
with the pestilence. x6rr Biste Yohn vi. 2 His miracles 
which hee did on them that were diseased. 1801 Med. 
3rnl. V. 113 The diseased heels of horses. 1842 TENNYSON 
Voyage x, His eyes were dim: But ours he swore were all 
diseased. 1846 G, E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. 11, 68 
The most striking changes in the diseased milk are the 
diminution of the solid constituents..and the extraordinary 
increase of the salts. 

absol. 1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VII/, c. 8. § x Surgions.. 
mindinge .. nothing the profit or ease of the disesed or 
pacient. 1667 Mitton P. Z. x1. 480 A Lazar-house it seemd, 
wherein were laid Numbers of all diseas'd. 

b. Characterized by disease ; subject to disease 
(quot. 1651); pertaining to or symptomatic of 
disease ; morbid, unhealthy. 

1574 Hywt Conject. Weather i, Then shall follow a dis- 
eased yeare. 165 tr. Bacon's Life & Death g The Sheep 
is a diseased Creature; And rarely lives to his full age. 
1707 FLover Physic. Pulse- Watch ii. 188 Diseas’d Pulses 
either exceed, or are deficient in respect of the natural Pulse 
in Number..Strength, Celerity. 1797 M. Battie Aor. 
Anat. (1807) p. vii, Whena person has become wellacquainted 
with diseased appearances. 

e. fig. In a disordered or depraved condition (of 
mind, of affairs, etc.) ; pertaining to such a condi- 
tion, morbid. 

1608 I. James A fol. Wyclif6y The faultes of the diseased 
Cleargie. 1611 Suaxs. Wint, 7.1. ii. 297 Good my Lord, 
be cur’d Of this diseas'd Opinion, 1835 Lytton Aéenzi 1. 
vi, he times are. .diseased. @1859 Macaucay //ist. Eng. 
(1861) V. 104 The divines whose business was to sooth his 
not less diseased mind. 

Ilence Disea‘sedly adv., Disea’sedness. 

1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 157 All men [catch] their 
diseasedness by falling from their Christ. 1672 Baxter in 
Life F. Alieine (1838) I. 8 He laid not out his zeal dis- 
easedly. 1684 T. Burnet 72, Harth u. 184 That state of 
indigency, and misery, and diseasedness, which we languish 
under at present. 3829 Soutney in Q. Nev. XLI. 294 £ 
nervous system already diseasedly susceptible. 

Disea‘seful, z. [f. Disease sb. +-FuL.] 

+1. Fraught with discomfort, trouble, or annoy- 
ance; troublesome. Ods. 


to the 3ong waxynge man. — Fuuidyg. xiv. 
@ 1626 Bacon Charge at 
(T.) It is both disgraceful to the king, and disease 
people, if the ways near about be not fair and good. 

2. Full of or affected with disease; morbid, 
diseased. Now rave. 

1596 SrensER State /re?, (Globe) 646/2 His languishing 
sowle being disquieted by his diseaseful bodye. 1624 Donne 
Devot. (ed, 2) 261 This great hospital, this sick, this diseaseful 
world. 1889 Tennyson Haffy ix, This coarse diseaseful 
creature [a leper]. . 

b. Causing or tending to disease, unwholesome. 

1605 Timme Quersit. 1. xviii.g7 By the taking away of 
the diseasefull impurities. 1762 J. Warton /’0ems, Enthu- 
siast 82 Diseaseful dainties, riot and excess. . 

Hence + Disea‘sefulness, discomfort, uneasiness. 

1580 SIDNEY Arcadia 1. (1622) 300 The same consideration 
made them attend all diseasefulnesse. 

Disea‘seless, 2 rare. [f. Disease 5d. + 
-LESS.] Free from disease. 

1653 W. Jenxyn Fun. Sernt. (1654) 44 A strong, hayl, 
vigorous, aselesse old age. 

+ Disea‘sely, @. Ods. [f. Diseasr sb. +-L¥1.] 
Affected with disease or sickness. 

c1400 Test. Love 11. in Chaucer's Wks. (1542) 326a/2 
A disesely habitacion letteth y* witte many thynges, & 
namely in sorowe. 

Disea:sement. [f. Disease v. +-MENT.] 

+1. The action of depriving, or condition of being 
deprived, of ease; uneasiness, discomfort. Ods. 

a 1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 24 Men will content them- 
selves with sorry lodzings and pass by little diseasements. 
1664 H. More Myst. /nig. xvi. 172 With his back resting 
on that bar, to his unspeakable diseasement. 1668 — Div, 
Dial. v. xiv. (1713) 456 The State of Vice and Sin is a state 
of Diseasement and Unnaturalness. 

2. The condition of being affected with disease ; 
ailment. s20s2ce-205¢. 

1826 Lams Leff. (1888) II. 149 You'll be lost in a maze of 
remedies for a labyrinth of diseasements. 

+ Disea‘sify, v. Obs. rare. [f. next+-Fy.] To 
cause disease. Hence Disea‘sifying ///. a. 

1662 J. Cuannter Vax Helmont’s Oriat. 181 In an 
Erisipelas .. the vitall Spirit being incensed, and as it were 
provoked to anger by the diseasifying cause, waxeth ex- 
ceeding hot. Jbid. 238. 

+Disea'sy, a. Ods. [prob. a. AF. disatsé, 
-eesé = OF. desaaisié, pa. pple. of desaazsier to 
DISEASE: but possibly.an English formation from 
disease, after easy.] 

1. Marked by or causing discomfort or trouble ; 
annoying, troublesome. : 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 11 Canute wente unto 
Denmark, ledynge Englisshe men wib hym a3enst_ pe 
Wandales, bat war disesy [‘n/es¢os] unto hym. ¢ 1440 Gesta 
Rom. viii. 22 (Harl. MS.), Strait and disesy is he wey bat 
ledith to life. 1483 Cath, Ang?. 97/1 Desesy, nocuus. 

56 


4 


DISEDGE. 


2. Affected with, 
disease ; diseased, unhealthy, morbid. 

-¢1450 Loneticu Grail liv. 19 Al deseysy & ful syk he 
wente. 1603 Hottanp P/utarch's Mor. 1. mi. 238 ) Like 
diseasy, s! choler. 1674 R. Goprrey Jai-¢ Ab. Physic 

Nature who before was weak, and admitted the Diseasy 

‘x, will again expell it. . 
‘Hence + Diseasiness Ods., morbid quality or 
elements, 

— R. Goprrey /ny. & Ab. Physic 126 Upon sight’ of a 
full Close-stool and imagining all diseasiness in it. 

+ Di,se'ct, v. Obs. [irreg. f. Di- 14 L. sect- ppl. 
stem of secdre to cut: cf. déssect.] trans. To cut 
asunder, to separate. by cutting. 

1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 22 As if in the former Example, 8 
should be disected into 2.2.22. /did. 41 Expressed. . by two 
termes. .disected as it were the one from the other. 

Disedge (dise'dz), v. _[f. Dis- 7 a+ Epce sd.] 
trans. To take the edge off: to deprive of its sharp- 
ness ; to blunt, dull. Hence Dise-dged f//. a. 

1611 Suaxs. Cy. 11. iv. 96 When thou shalt be disedg'd 
by her, ‘hat now thou tyrest on. 1647 WARD Simp. Cobler 

7, I hold him prudent, that in these fastidious times, will 
heine disedged appetites with convenient condiments. — 
Tennyson /i/ylls, Enid 1038 Served a little to disedge The 
sharpness of that pain. 

Disedification (dise:difikéi-fan). [n. of action 
from Disepiry: cf. edify, edification.| The action 
of disedifying; the reverse of edification; the 
weakening of faith or devotion. 

1664 H. More Afyst. /nig. xvii. 62 The dedicating of an 
unknown Tongue to their Publick Prayers .. to the great 
disedification of the People. 1836 Cot. Wiseman Lect. 
Cath. Ch. (1847) 11. 74 The scandal and disedification com- 
mitted before the Church. 1872 Contemp. Rev. XX. 725 
That unhappy system of concealing truths which are sup- 
posed to tend to disedification. 

Disedify (disedifoi), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Epiry.] 
trans, To do the reverse of edifying ; to shock or 
weaken the piety or religious sense of. 

1526 Vilyr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 58 Let euery thynge 
that is done or spoken euer edyfye the, & no thynge to dis- 
edyfye the. @1684 Lricuton Comm.1 Pet. v. 5 Were it 
not for disedifying his brethren he would rather disguise and 
hide not only other things by humility but even humility 
itself. x C.E. A. Vung. Communicants (1848) 21 The 
party of visitors .. were much surprised and disedified by 
this scene in a convent schcol. 

Hence Dis2'difying /f/. a., that disedifies, or 
weakens faith or devotion. 

1844 Lincarp A nglo-Sax. CA. (1858) I. iii. 97 [A] person of 
light or disedifying deportment. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm. 
285 Gloominess is very disedifying, disennobling, paralysing. 
1894 J. 1. Fowter Adamnan Pref. 11 Colgan has sum- 
marized it, omitting ‘ disedifying’ passages. 

Diseducate (disedivke't’, v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
EpvucatE.] ¢vans. To undo or pervert the educa- 
tion of. 

1886 LowELt Gray Lit. Ess. (1891) 14 Educated at Eton 
und diseducated. as he [Gray] seemed to think, at Cam- 
bridge. 1887 Q. Rev. Oct. 274 The change of institutions 
educates or diseducates men to think. 

Disees(e, diseis, obs. ff. DecEASE, DISEASE. 

+ Diseffe'ct, v. Ods. rare—1. [f. Dis- 6 or 7 
+ Errect v. or sé.) ¢rans. To divest of an 
effect. 

1613 Tourneur Death Pr. Henrie 28 Nothing had the 
might To diseffect his actions of delight ; No, nor his suf- 
ferings. 

Diselder, v.: see Dis- 7 b. 

Diselectrify (dis/lektrifoi), v. [f Dis- 6 + 
Execrriry.] /vans. To undo the electrified con- 
dition of ; to render non-electric. 

1876 Sin W. Tuomson Pof. Lect. (1889) I. 437 Moist cotton 
thread will Sy diselectrify it. 1881 Philad. Rec. No. 
3473 6 A method of diselectrifying dry wool. .and alpaca. 

Hence Disele:ctrifica'tion, the action or process 
of diselectrifying. 

_ 1895 Atheneum 30 Mar. 412/1 bo Society..The follow- 
ing are were read ..‘ The Diselectrification of Air’, by 
Lord Kelvin and Messrs, M. McClean and A. Galt. 

+ Dis-e‘lement, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 7c + Exe- 
MENT.] ¢vans. To put (anything) out of its ele- 
ment; to remove from its proper sphere of activity. 

1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 56 It cannot indure 
to lie naked no more then the fish dis-elemented on the 
shore. 1654 WuitLock Zootomia 449 How doth this fifth 
Element [i.e. detraction] dis-element all the other foure? 
1727 Philip Quarll(1754)184 A vast Number of which had, 
by the Wind, been dis-elemented, 

Diselenide (doaijselénaid), etc., Chem.: see 
Dr- 2 2 and SELENIDE, etc. 

1877 Warts Dict. Chem. V. 822 The diselenide or stannic 
selenide, Sn Sez. 1881 /éid. VIII. 1787 A quantity of acid 
sufficient for the formation of a diselenite. 1884 Humpince 
tr. Kolbe's Inorg. Chem. 179 Diselenium dichloride, Ses Cl2, 
is prepared in precisely the same manner as disulphur di- 
chloride, which it closely resembles. 

Disem-: see DIsEN-. 
Disemba‘lm, v. rare—'. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans. 
To undo the embalming of. 

1858 O. W. Hoimes Aut. Break/.-t. (1883) 53 The disem- 
balming and unbandaging of, . literary mummies. 

Disemba‘rgo, v. [f. Dis- 7c + Emparco.] 
trans. To release from embargo. 
* 1877 Times 15 Mar. 5/6 General Urquiza .. successfully 
besieged .. Buenos Ayres, and then disembargoed Rosa's 
property, 


aining to, or producing 


442 


Disembark (disémba-sk), v. Also 6-7 -em-, 
-imbarque. [a. F. désembargue-r (1564 in Hatz.- 
Darm.), or ad. It.désimbarcare, or Sp. desembarcdr ; 
f. des-, Dis- 4+ the Common Rom. vb iméarcare, 
embarcar, F.embarguer to EMBarK. Cf. DEBARK.] 

1. trans, To put ashore from a ship; to land. 

oe N. Licueriexp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. ii.7b, 
When ours were disimbarked and landed. 1§91 Suaks. 
Two Gent. u. iv. 187, I must vnto the Road, to dis-embarque 
Some necessaries. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xvi. 5 
I will not counsel you to disimbarque your goods on pe g 
1838 Murray's Hand Bk. N. Germ. 293 To allow steam- 
boats to. .embark and disembark their p 's at once, 

trans. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 76 
Away went the train; and the. .railway staff .. returned to 
disembark the horses. 

+b. ref. =2. Obs. 

1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E, Ind. 79 
Untill .. y* oe generall did disimbarke himselfe a 
lande. x . CoGan tr. Pinto's Trav. viii. 24 Until our 
arrival at Malaca, where dis-imbarquing my self, the first 
thing I did was to go to the Fortress. . 

2. intr. To go on shore from a ship; to land. 

1582 N. Licnertecp tr. Cas/anheda’s Cong. E. Ind. ii. 6b, 
The Generall being disimbarked and come to land. 1600 
E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 28 Yet did he stay eight daies in 
the Port, and never disimbarked. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s 
Iron Age 323 The Commander had leisure to disimbark and 
enter the Town. 179x Cowrer Odyss. 1. 15 The Ithacans 
Push’d right ashore, and... disembark'd. 1859 TENNYSON 
Merlin & V..200 Touching Breton Sands, they disembark'd. 

Hence Disemba rking vé/. sb. 

1611 CotGr., Desembarguement, a disembarking. 1632 
J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 144 He ranne hastily to 
the shore to hinder their disembarking. 1653 H. Cocan tr. 
Pinto's Trav. ix. 27 To impeach the Enemies dis-im- 
barquing. attrib. 1895 Daily News 9 Feb. 8/4 Special 
Continental embarking and disembarking water stations. 

Disembarka'tion. [f. Disempark v., after 
embark, -ation.) The action of disembarking. 

a1776 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1790) HI. xxviii. (Jod.) No 
proper measures were yet consulted for their disembark- 
ation. 1808 Convent. Evac. Portugal § 20 in Napier 
Penins. War (1828) 1. App. p. xliii, On the disembarkation 
of the French troops in their own country. 1855 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. 11. 651 Tourville determined to try what effect 
would be produced by a disembarkation. 

+ Disemba'rkment. 0és. [a. F. désembar- 
quement (1564 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. désembarquer 
to DISEMBARK : see -MENT.] =prec. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres vy. i. 122 The disembarkment 
should haué beene betwixt the city and.. Castle. 1659 B. 
Harris Parival’s [ron Age 97 The English Fleet made a 
descent or disembarkment in the Isle of Ree in. . July 1627. 

Disembarrass (disémbe'ris), v. [f. Dis- 6 
+ EMBARRASS v.: prob. after F. désembarrasse-r 
‘to vnpester, disintangle, rid from intricatenesse, 
or troubles’ (Cotgr.). Cf. also DeBARRASS.] ‘vans. 
To free from embarrassment, encumbrance, compli- 
cation, or intricacy ; to rid; to relieve: cf, EMBAR- 
RASS. 

1726 Berxerey Let. fo Prior 6 Feb., 1 hope... that you 
will have disembarrassed yourself of all sort of business that 
may detain you here. 1727 Brapiey Fam. Dict. s.v. Corn, 
They steep the Corn .. for three Days, that it may swell up, 
and that the Germes may open, dilate, and be disembar- 
rassed. 1751 SmMottetr Per. Pic. (1779) LI. Ixiii. 207 As- 
sistance. .in disembarassing him from the disagreeable con- 
sequences of his fear. 1820 Scorr Adéot i, When he had 
disembarassed the little plaything [a boat) from the flags in 
which it was entangled. pr be E. R. Conver Bas. Faith ii. 
63 We may at once disembarrass ourselves of those formid- 
able terms—‘ absolute’ and ‘ unconditioned ’. 

b. To disentangle (one thing from another). 

1742 Warsurton Comm. Pope's Ess. Man 1. 197 Though 
it difficult to distinguish genuine virtue from spurious 
.. yet they may be disembarrased. 1864 J. G. Nicots in 
Herald & Genealogist 11, 458 One of the earliest results 
.. is to disembarrass the biography of Serlo .. from that of 
another monk of the same name. 

Hence Disemba‘rrassed ///. a., unhampered. 

1741 Betterton (Otpys] Eng. Stage vi. 109 By pronounc- 
ing it trippingly on the Tongue, he means a clear and dis- 
embarrass’ Pronunciation, 

Disemba‘rrassment. [f. Disemparrags v. 
+ -MENT, after embarrass, -ment.] The action of 
disembarrassing or fact of being disembarrassed ; 
freedom from embarrassment. 

1818 in Topp. 182at Coreripce Lett, Convers. etc. I. xv. 
163 The pl ici from disemb 1862 
Merivate Rom. Emp. (1871) V. xli. 78 The disembarrass- 
ment of the limbs, the elasticity of the circulation. 

Disembattle (disémbet’l), v. rare. [f. Dis- 
6+EmBartLe v.1] ¢rans. To deprive of battle- 
ments, make no longer embattled. Hence Disem- 
battled /. a. 

1875 H. James Transatlantic Sketches 9 It is the 
gentlest and least offensive of ramparts..without a frown 
or menace in all its disembattled stretch. 

+ Disembay (<isémbé''), v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 
+Empay v.] /rans. To bring out of a bay. 

1651 Suersurne Poems, Forsaken Lydia (T.), The fair 
inamorata who from far Had spy'd the ship .. now quite 
disembay’d, Her cables coiled, and her anchors weigh'd. 

Disembed (disémbe'd), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Empep.] 
trans. To liberate (something embedded). 

1885 Leeds Mercury 10 Dec. 4/4 A train is snowed up 
near Fraserburgh, and there was no hope last evening of 
being able to disembed it. 1893 Daily News 16 Dec. 5/3 
There were 200,000 blocks of stone to be disembedded, 


DISEMBOGUE, 


‘Disembellish (disémbelif), 7. [f. Dis- 6 + 
EMBELLISH; app. after F. désemdelliss- extended . 
stem of désembellir ( -).] trans. To deprive 
of embellishment or adornment. 

1611 Corcr., Desembellir, to disimbellish, disfigure. 1624 

UARLES Sion's Sonn. i. 5 What if Afflictions doe dis-embel- 
lish My naturall glorie? 183 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. x. 
eee. not that the reign of wonder is done, and 

od’s world all disembellished and prosaic. Brownixnc 
Aristoph. Apol. 131 Embellish fact? This may disem- 


bellish yet improve ! 

Disembi ,v. rare—', [Dis-6.] ¢rans. 
To undo the embittering of, to free from bitterness. 
| 1622 [See Dissweeten]. 1716 Appison / a .)Such 

as may disembitter the minds of men. 

Disemble, obs. form of DISSEMBLE, 

Disemboca‘tion. vare—’. ‘des desembocdr 
to DIsEMBOGUE : see -ATION.] . The action of dis- 
em Ing. 

x ‘orp Gatherings fr. Spain iii. 24 The .. water .. is 
carried off at once in violent floods, rather than in a gentle 
gradual disembocation. v 

Disembodied (disémbgdid), A/a. [f. Dis- 
EMBODY + -ED 1,] 

1. Divested (as a spirit) of a body; freed from 
that in which it has been embodied. 

1742 Younc Nt. Th, 11. 452 The disembody’d power. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. 1. x35 The disembodied spirit does not 
enter dancing into the Elysian fields, 1835 THirtwaLt 
Greece 1. vi. 197 Orion .. chasing the disembodied beasts, 
which he had killed on the mountains, over the hode 
meadow. 1872 Loncr. Michael Angeio ul, ii. 10 Sudden as 
inspirations, are the whispers Of disembodied spirits. 

2. Discharged from military incorporation. 

1882 Pesopy Eng. Yournalism xxiii. 180 He owned the .. 
uniform he wore to be that of the late disembodied ‘ militia’. 

Disembodiment (disémbg'dimént).  [f. next 
+-MENT.] The action of disembodying: a. Sepa- 
ration (of a spirit) from the body. b. Disbanding 
(of a body of soldiers). 

1860 tr. Tieck’s Old Man of Mountain (L.), A rapid and 
noisy disembodiment of souls and spirits now followed. 
1871 Daily News 7 Sept., The militia as a whole have much 
to learn .. but..they will learn much before the time comes 
for their disembodiment. 1884 Ch. Times 29 Aug. 631 Dis- 
embodiment is a death out of manhood. 

Bisembody (disémbg di), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Empopy.] - 

1. “rans. To separate (a soul) from the body; to 
deliver or free (anything) from the form in which 
it is embodied. 

1714 Appison Sfect. No. 571 Pg Our souls, when they are 
disembodied is wal .. be always sensible of the pa nt 
sence, 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets x. 339 Disembodying the 
sentiments which were incarnated in simple images. 877 
Sparrow Serv, xiv. 186 So attuned was his [Enoch’s] sou! 
to heavenly things .. that it was not thought fit to disem- 


body it. 

2. To discharge from military embodiment, as 
in the case of the militia at the close of each 
annual period of a : 

1762 Act 2 Geo. /11, c. 20 (T.) If the same [corps] shall be 
embodied, then, within two months after, it shall be dis- 
embodied, and returned to the respective counties. 1769 
Lloyd's Evening Post 27-30 Oct. 413/3 On Friday the 
Hertfordshire Militia were disembodied at St. Alban’s. 

m e (disémbéug),v. Forms: 6 des- 
emboque, 6-7 disem-, -imboque, 7 disem-, 
disim-, -boke, -boake, -boge, dissemboque, 

-8 disimbogue, dissembogue, 6- disembogue. 
fin 6 disemboque, ad. Sp. desemboc-ar ‘to come out 
of the mouth of a river or hauen’ (Minsheu 1599) : 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + embocar ‘to runne as the sea into 
a creeke or narrow river’ (ibid.) ; f. ew in + boca 
mouth: cf. F. emboucher, and sce EMBoGvuE.] 

+1. intr. To come out of the mouth of a river, 


strait, etc. into the open sea. Oés. 

1595 Maynarve Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 20 Sir Thomas 

ervile ,, talked with such as hee hearde intended to 

uite companie before they were disembogued. 1 
Ramon Discov, Guiana 18 He was inforced to desembogue 
at the mouth of the said Amazones. 1613 Voy. Guiana in 
Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III, 203 We disembogued through the 
broken i is on the north side of Anguilla. 1633 T. 
Srarrorp Pac. Hid, viii. (1821) : Neither could they 
disimboge from thence without an Easterly winde. 

+b. ¢rans. with the strait, etc. as object. Ods. 

1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 117 Another channell, 
by which a man may disemboake the straite. /é/d. 128 
We set sayle once againe, in hope to disemboke the straite ; 
but. . before we came to the mouth of it, the wind changed. 

2. intr. Of a river, lake, etc.: To flow out at the 
mouth; to discharge or empty itself; to flow 
into, 

1598 Haxcuvt Voy. 1.104 The riuer of Volga. .issueth from 
the North part of Bulgaria. .and. .disimboqueth into a cer- 
tain lake. 1661 Evetyn Fumifuginm Misc. Writ. (1805) 1. 
233 As far as any fresh waters are found disem into 
the Thames. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist, (1862) I. xiv. 75 
The Danube disembogues into the Euxine by seven m 
1871 Browninc Hervé Riel vi, "Twixt the offing here and 
Greve where the river disembogues, 4 

3. fig. and transf. To come forth as from a river's 
mouth, to ames ; to discharge itself as a river. 

1619 Fiercuer M/. Thomas ut. i, Those damn’d souls 
must disembogue again. 1670 Moral State Eng. 134 With 
that one of the Company disembogueth. 1823 De Quincey 
Lett. Educ. iii. (1860) 49 The presses of Europe are still 


DISEMBOGUE. 


disemboguing into the ocean of literature. 1868 G. Durr 
Pol. Surv. 222 Hungry as wolves, swift and sudden as a 
torrent from the mountains, they disembogued. 

4. trans, Of a river, lake, etc. : To discharge or 
pour forth (its waters) at the mouth; 7¢/. to dis- 
charge or empty itself. 

‘3620 Hottann Camden's Brit. u. 10 [The Tweed] passeth 
under Berwick .. and so disembogeth it selfe into the Sea. 
1686 PLor Stafforiish. 64 Vhe immense quantities of water 
that are disembogued into the Sea by all the Rivers. _1715- 
20 Pore //iad xvil. 311 Where some swoln river dissem- 

es his waves. 1829 SoutHEy /uscriptions xlv, Where 
wild Parana disembogues A sea-like stream. 1840 De 
Quincey Essenes Wks. X. 272 A great river. .disemboguing 
itself into main ocean. : 
b. fig. and transf. To discharge, pour forth ; to 
empty by pouring forth the contents. 

ay Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 13 She was ..of a 
most Noble and Royall extract by Her Father. .for on that 
side there was disimbogued into her veines .. the very 
abstract of all the greatest houses in Christendome. 1687 
Drvven Hind §& P. u. 562 Whom, when their home-bred 
honesty is lost, We disembogue on some far Indian coast. 
1765 Fatconer Demagogue 401 Methinks I hear the bellow- 
ing demagogue Dumb-sounding declamations disembogue. 
1837 CartyLe Fr. Rev. I. v. ii, Paris disembogues itself .. 
to witness, with grim looks, the Séance Royale. 

absol, 1742 Younc Nt. Th, 111. 220 Volcano’s bellow ere 
they disembogue. 

+e. To dislodge by force, to drive out. Ods. 

1625 Frercuer & Suirtey Nt. Walker v, If I get in 
adoors, not the power o’ th’ countrey .. shall disembogue 
me. 1632 MassincerR A/aid of Hon. u. ii, Conduct me to 
The lady of the mansion, or my poniard Shall disembogue 
thy soul. SyZ. O terrible ! disembogue ! 

Hence Disembo‘gued ///. a., furnished with 
ready outlet. 

1669 Address hopeful Yng. Gentry Eng. 91 Wit .. needs 
[not] to call a Deity down upon the stage, to make its way 
open and disembogued. 

+Disembo'gue, 53. Os. [f. the vb.] The 
place where a river disembogues ; the mouth. 

1626 Capt. SmitH Accid. Yung. Seamen 18 [Tearmes for 
the Sea] Disimboage, a gulph, the froth of the sea. 1689 
G. Harvey Curing Dis. by Expect. xii. 79 Hammersmith- 
water .. being too near the disimbogue of the Thames, 

Disembo'guement. [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 
The action or place of disemboguing. 

a@1828 MrasE cited in Webster. 1851S. Jupp Margaret 11. 
ii. (1871) 198 Neither rock nor night, inundation or ultimate 
disemboguement, disturbed my little joyous babble. 1862 
Borrow Wild Wales 111. 286 Aber. .is the disemboguement, 
and wherever a place commences with Aber, there .. does a 
river flow into the sea, or a brook .. into a river. 

Disembo'guing, //. sd. [f. as prec. +-1NG1.] 
The action of the verb DisemMBoGuE; the place 
where a river, etc. disembogues. 

1605 CampEeN Rem. (1637) 312 At the disemboging, or 
inlet thereof. a164z2 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts 1. 
(1704) 191/2 Their disimboguing in the Indies. 1698 FroceR 
Voy. Pref. Aiv, Reforming the Charts .. of the disembogu- 
ings of the Isles of Antilles. 1799 W. Tooke View Russian 
Emp. 1.160 From its origin to its disemboguing into the 
Oby. 1856 Miss Mutock 3. Halifax 399 In its disem- 
boguing of its contents. 

embo'guing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
That disembogues or discharges its waters. 

1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 480 The deep roar of disemboguing 
Nile. 1728 — Dunc. 1. 259 To where Fleet-ditch with 
disemboguing streams, Rolls the large tribute of dead dogs 
to Thames. 

+Disembo'gure. Oés. rare. [f. as prec. + 
-URE.] ‘The place where a river, etc. disembogues. 

1653 Hotcrorr Procopius iv. 122 The Natives call this 
disembogure, Tanais, which reaches from Meotis to the 
Euxine. 

Disembo'som, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Emposom.] 
trans, To cast out or separate from the bosom; 
to disclose, reveal, (Cf. DisBosom.) 

1742 Younc Nt. Th. 1x. 2350 He .. Who, disembosom’d 
from the Father, bows ‘The heav'n of heav'ns, to kiss the 
distant earth! 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 21 Throb of 
heart, beneath which .. Treasure oft was disembosomed. 

b. vefl. and intr. To disclose what is in one’s 
bosom, unburden oneself. 

1767 Babler 1. 226 Miss Lambton .. thought it best to dis- 
em m herself entirely, and thus went on, 1858 Sat. Rev. 
VI. 73/1 The irresistible desire to disembosom oneself had its 
way. 1884 STEVENSON in Lougm. Mag. 1V. 80 What manner 
of man this was to whom we disembosomed. 

Hence Disembo‘soming v4/. sb. 

31836 F. Manoney Rel. Father Prout (1859) 75 In the 
disembosomings of feeling and the perennial flow of soul. 

Disembow‘el, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Empowet z. (in 
sense 3); but in sense 1 app. only an intensive of 
DIsBowEL.] 

ike trans. To remove the bowels or entrails of; 
to eviscerate; also, to rip up so as to cause the 
bowels to protrude. 

1613-8 Danie Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 124 The Kin 
Physition disimbowelled his body, 1772-84 Coox Vay. VI. 
mi. i. (R.) Soon after their deat they are disembowelled, 
iP aederd the intestines and other viscera out. 1872 BAKER 

Vile Tribut. x. 159 The infuriated animal disembowelled 
him before his son's eyes. 1875 J. Curtis Hist. Eng. 148 
While yet alive, he was..disembowelled and quartered, 

b. ¢ransf. and jig. 

1603 [see DisEMBoWELLING below]. 1742 Younc Vt. Th. 
vi. 79% Earth’s disembowel’d! measur'd are the Skies ! 
1870 Spurceon 77reas. Dav. Ps. 1. 17 They disembowel 
texts of their plain meanings. 


448 

2. To take out of the bowels. 
v. 3.) 

ag J. Puips Splendid Shilling 78 So her disembowell’d 
web Arachne in a hall or kitchen spreads, Obvious to 
vagrant flies. 

Hence Disembo'welled ///. a., Disembo'wel- 
ling v/. sb. and ff/. a. ; also Disembo'welment, 
the act of disembowelling. 

1603 FLorio Mosistene 1. xxv. (1632) 83 High swelling 
and heaven-disimbowelling words. 1727-46 THomson S7z72- 
mer 778 Cataracts that sweep From Aer bawelled Earth 
the virgin gold. 1746 W. Horsey /ool (1748) I. 77 No. 11 
1 The Ripping up and Disembowelling of the dead Bodies. 
1826 Scott Woodst. xxix, The disembowelling of the deer. 
1875 Contemp. Rev. XXYV. 262 The city is for ever under- 
going disembowelment. ; 

Disembow'er, v. [f. Dis- 6 + EmBower.] 
trans. To remove or set free from a bower. 

1856 Bryant Poems, Ages xxxii, Streams numberless, that 
many a fountain feeds, Shine, disembowered. : 

+Disembra‘ce, v. Olds. [f. Dis- 6 + Em- 
BRACE v.], ¢vans. a. To refrain or withdraw from 
embracing. b. To undo embracing or the embraces 
of anything. Hence Disembra‘cing ///. a.; also 
Disembra‘cement, the act of disembracing. 

1638 Mayne Lucian (1664) 187 They bedust one another, 
to hinder dis-imbracements..and by drying his body, to 
strengthen his hold on his adversary. 1641 J. SHERMAN 
Grk. in Temple 21 The teacher of the Gentiles instructeth 
us Christians not to disembrace goodness in any, nor truth 
in any. 1775S. J. Prarr Liberad Opin. (1783) 1. 192 Torn 
away by the disembracing grasp of death. 

+ Disembra‘ngle, v. Ovs. [f. Dis- 6+ Em- 
BRANGLE.] ¢rans. To free from embranglement 
or complication ; to disentangle. 

1726 Berkecey Let, to Prior 19 July Wks. 1871 IV. 130 
The difficulty of disembrangling our affairs with Partinton. 
Ibid. 12 Nov. 137 For God's sake disembrangle these 
matters, that I may once be at ease to mind my other affairs. 

Disembroil, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Emproit; cf. 
Sp. desembrollar (Minsheu) ; also 16th c. F. des- 
broutller.| trans. 'To free from embroilment or con- 
fusion ; to extricate from confusion or perplexity, 
to disentangle. : 

1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman d' Alf. 1. 137 To dis- 
imbroyle our selues of this troublesome businesse. 1681 Char. 
Lllustr. Court-Favourite 16 The knowledg of things past 
.. That Light which disembroils the intrigues of the Court. 
oe Warsurton Div. Legat. 11.142 To disembroil a Subject 
that seems to have perplexed even Antiquity. 1830 Mac- 
KinTosH Eth, Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 72 It is little wonderful 
that Cumberland should not have disembroiled this ancient 
and established confusion. 1868 Drowninc Ring §& Bk. v1. 
22 Let him but decently disembroil himself, Scramble from 
out the scrape. 

+ Disembrute, v. 04s. [Dis- 6.] trans. To 
deliver from an embruted or brutalized condition ; 
to debrutalize. 

ar H. Brooke Fool of Qual.(1859) I.71(D.) Of anumerous 

op. . he [Peter the Great] disembruted every one except 

imself. ; 

Disembu'rden, -bu'rthen, v. [See Disey-, 
DisEmM-, and BurpEN v.] =DIsBURDEN. Hence 
Disemtu'rdening 7v4/. sé. 

1790-1810 ComBe Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) VI. 282 
Of all its affairs he has disemburthened himself. 1855 
Browninc Ira Lipfo Lippt, Never was such prompt dis- 
emburdening. 1884 Law 7imtes 27 Sept. 361/1 The local 
courts should be disemburdened of non-contentious business. 

Disemic (doi,s7mik), a. [f. L. d#sémus disyl- 
labic, a. Gr. dionuos of doubtful quantity (f. 5:- 
(Di- 2) twice + ofa a sign) +-10.] In Gr. and Z. 
Prosody: Of the value of two morz or units of 
time (cf. TRISEMIC), In recent Dicts. 

+Disempa‘re, v. Ols. rare. [a. OF. desem- 
pare-r, {. des-, DIS- 4 + emparer to possess, get 
possession of.] ¢vazs. To dispossess. 

cxsoo Melusine xxix. 215 My brother.. thou wylt so 
dysempare & putte out fro his royaume, 

isempassioned, yar. D1sIMPASSIONED. 

+Disempe'ster, v. Os. Also disim-. [f. 
Dis- 6 + Empester v.] ¢rans. To rid of that 
which pesters or plagues. 

1613 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. 104 To unburthen_his 
charge, and dis-impester his Court, 1654 Trapp Com. Neh, 
ii, 4 That the Church might be disempestered of Arians. 

+Dise‘mpire, v. O¢s. rare. [f. Dis- 7¢ + 
Empire.] ¢vavs. To deprive of the imperial power. 

161r Speep Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. viii. (1632) 576 Otho, whom 
this yery Pope. .had both. -aduanced, and. .dis-empyred. 

Disemploy (disémploi:), v. rave. Also 7 -im- 
ploy. [f. Dis- 6 + Emptoy v.] ¢rans. To cease 
to employ, dismiss from, or throw out of, employ- 
ment, 

31618 Botton Florus 1v. ii. 266 The Senate consulted to 
disemploy Caesar. 1642 Jer. Taytor Zfysc. (R.), If per- 
sonal defailance be thought reasonable to disimploy the 
whole calling, then neither clergy nor laity should ever 
serve a prince. 1886 O. Lopce /nang. Addr. in L’pool 
Univ. Coll. Mag. 139, Their fellows employing them or 
disemploying them as it suits their convenience. 

Hence Disemploy’ed f//. @., not employed, out 
of employment, unemployed. ; 

165 Jer, Taytor Holy Living (1727) 13 Sins and irregu- 
larities .. which usually creep upon idle, disemployed and 
curious persons, 1669 WoopHEap S?. Teresa 1, xviii. 1 
No one of them is so dis-employed as..to be able to atten 


(Cf. EMBOWEL 


DISENCHANT. 


to anything else. 1807 W. TayLor in Ann. Rev. V. 187 
The disemployed, the unnecessary, the superfluous poor. 
1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 22 Mar., There is very little 
disemployed labor in the country. 

Disemploy‘ment. vave. [f. prec. + -MENT.] 
Absence or withdrawal of employment. 

1651 Jer. Taytor Holy Living i. § 1. (1727) 8 In this glut 
ofleasure and disemployment. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 
7 Aug., This action is leading to some disemployment of 
labor at eastern works. _ 

Disempow‘er, z. 7a7e. [f. D1s- 6 + Empower.] 
trans. Yo divest or deprive of power conferred. 

1813 T. Bussy Lucretius 1. Comm. xii, If. .he can confuse 
the brain and disempower the understanding. 1858 Busu- 
NELL Nat. & Supernat. iii. (1864) 68 He is disabled, disem- 
powered, reduced in tone. 

Disem prison, var. DIsImPrRIson. 

Disen-, disem-. Verbs in «s- are sometimes 
in sense negative or privative of those in e-, e7- : 
e.g. en-franchise, dis-franchise; generally, how- 
ever, verbs in em- or ev- have dzs- prefixed, as in 
dis-embarrass, dts-engage, dis-entwine. In not a 
few cases, both forms occur; e.g. désbowel = dts- 
embowel, disfranchise = disenfranchise. Forms in 
disem- and dtsen- are found even where no verbs in 
em- or en- appear, as in disemburden, disenhallow, 
disenravel, 

Disenable (disénéi-b'l), v. Also 6-7 -inable. 
[f. Dis- 6+ EnaBue.] ¢rans. To render unable or 
incapable; to disable: the reverse of enable. 

1604 T. WricHt Passions vi. 346 By sinnes we are.. 
wounded in nature, disenabled to goodnes, and incited to 
ilnes. 1608 Hieron Defence 1. 197 Bellarmin, by rejecting 
their testimonies in parte, disinableth them in the whole. 
1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Bradford 188 The Palsie .. for 
eight yeers together disinabled him from ridi 1690 Secr. 
Hist. Chas. 11 & Yas. If, 110 A Bill to disinable him to 
inherit the Imperial Crown of the Realm, 1811 Lama £dax 
on Appetite, | am constitutionally disenabled from that 
vice. 1873 LoweLL Among my Bks. Ser. u. 220 [This] 
makes all the personages puppets and disenables them for 
being characters. 

absol. 1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St.1. xv. 48 Neither doth 
an apprentiship extinguish native, nor disinable to acquisitive 
Gentry. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 111. 434 By the Act 
of Oblivion they are pardoned, but it is your law in being 
that does disenable. 

Hence Disena‘bled ///. a., Disena‘bling 74/. 
sb.; also Disena‘blement, the action of disen- 
abling or fact of being disenabled. 

r61r Sprep Hist. Gt, Brit, 1x. xvi. 57 By his deserued 
death, and the disenablement of his sonnes. 1613 Jackson 
Creed \. ut. xi. [xxvill.] § 1.175 For disinabling of this Nation 
from effecting what he feared. 1641 Mitton Reform. 1. 
(1851) 8 To set their hands to the disinabling and defeating 
..of Princesse Mary. 1663 Defos. Cast. York (Surtees) 113 
She , . was soe infirme and disenabled, that [etc.]. 

Disena‘ct, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Enacrt.] 
trans. To annul that which is enacted ; to repeal. 
Hence Disena‘ctment, the repeal of an enactment. 

16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xxiv. (1739) 110 And 
did build and pull down, enact and disenact. 1859 SmiLEs 
Self-help 2 The chief reforms of the last fifty years have 
consisted mainly in abolitions and disenactments. 

Disena‘mour, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Examour: 
cf. F. désenamour-er (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) 
and It. dés’unamorare.| trans. To free from 
being enamoured ; to put out of conceit. Hence 
+ Disena‘moured ///. a. 

1598 Fiorio, Sxamorarsi, to disinamour, to fall in dislike, 
Snamoratos?, disinamored, falne in dislike. 1620 SHELTON 
Quix. IV. xviii. 144 He makes Don Quixote disenamour’d 
of Dulcinea del Toboso. 

+Disenca‘ge, v. Oés. In 7 disin-. [D1s-6.] 
trans. To liberate as from a cage; to Discace. 

ee Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. xxii. 274 The Don is disin- 
cage 

+ Disenca‘mp, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Encamp.] 
zutr, To move one’s camp; to DECAMP. 

1652 Cokaine tr. Calprenede’s Cassandra 1. 40 Seeing 
the Army disencampt. 1658 J. Wess tr. Calprenede's Cleo- 
patra vii. ii, 142 Then giving order for the march, she 
disencamped, the next morning, towards Dacia. 

Disenchai'n, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Encnary: 
cf. F. désenchainer (16th c. in Littré).] ¢vans. To 
set free from chains or restraint; to reverse the pro- 
cess of enchaining. Hence Disenchai‘ned ///. a. 

1849 Por Eros § Charmion Wks. (1888) 145 Why need 
I paint, Charmion, the now disenchained frenzy of mankind? 
1856 Masson /ss., 7h. Poetry 419 Idealizations of what might 
be. .not copied from nature, but imagined and full fashioned 
by the soul of man, and thence disenchained into nature. 

Disenchant (disén,tfa‘nt), v. Also 7-8 disin-. 
[ad. F. désenchanter (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. 
des-, Dis- 4+ enchanter to ENCHANT; cf. It. désin- 
cantare, Sp. desencantar.] trans. To set free from 
enchantment, magic spell, or illusion. 

@ 1586 Sipney (J.), Alas! let your own brain disenchant 
you. 1659 Gentil. Calling Pref. 4 Reason and Religion will 

ield you countercharms, able to disinchant you. — 
Dewour K. Arthur w. Wks, 1884 VIII. 187 A noble stroke 
or two Ends all the charms, and disenchants the grove. 
1759 Gotpsm. Bee 13 Oct. Happiness No reading or study 
had contributed to disenchant the fairy-land around him. 
cx8s0 Arab, Nis. (Rtldg.) 612 Go and solicit the young 
enchantress, who has d this phosis, to disen- 
chant her. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 2. 478 He had 
disenchanted his people of their blind faith in the Crown, 

56*-2 


DISENCHANTED. 


Disencha-nted, ///. a. [f. prec. + 
Freed from enchantment or illusion. 

1611 Cotcr., D hanté, disinch d. 1682 Drypen 
Medall 180 Nor are thy disinchanted Burghers few. 
Younc Mt. 7h. 1. 346 ‘The disinchanted earth Lost all her 
lustre, 1 Dickens Nich. Nick. xxx, A crest-fallen, 
dispirited, disenchanted man. 

encha‘nter. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One 
who removes enchantment. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes ut. viii. 119 Disinchanters of Ne- 
gromancers, disrobers of gypsies. 1831 [see DiseNcHAN- 
rRess}). 1862 Mrs. OuipHanr Mortimers 1. 253 Harry.. 
gazed with open eyes and mouth at the disenchanter. 

anting, v2/. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING1.] 
Deliverance from enchantment. 
_ 1620 SHELTON pees III. xxxv. 252 He may .. do all that 
is fitting for her Disenchanting. 1718 Motreux Quéx. (1892) 
1].xxxv.268 May you and your disenchanting go to the devil. 

Disencha‘nting, ///. a. [f.as prec. + -1NG 2.] 
That disenchants. Hence Disencha-ntingly adv. 

1755 YounG Cextaur vi. 221 At the touch of my disen- 
chanting pen. 1 Nona Bettairs Wayside Fi. vi. 69 
History comes with its disenchanting wand. 1886 R. Dow- 
unc Fatal Bonds |. xi. 219 He was disenchantingly opaque. 

Disencha‘ntment. [f. Disencuant v. + 
-MENT, after enchantment: cf. ¥F. désenchantement 
(17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action of disen- 
chanting or fact of being disenchanted. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. 1V. xxii. (R.), All concluded in the 
promise ..of the disenchantment. 1675 (¢it/e), O Brazile, 
or the inchanted Island; being a Relation of a late Dis- 
covery of the Dis-inchantment of an Island in the North of 
Ireland. 1794 Matutas Purs. Lit. (1798) 118 All the con- 
jurers .. might assist at the disinchantment. 1876 Geo. 
Exior Dan. Der, 111. xxvi, This general disenchantment with 
the world.,only intensified her sense of forlornness. 

Disencha‘ntress. [f. DiseNCHANTER + -ESS.] 
A female disenchanter. 

1831 CartyLe Sart, Kes. u,v, Neither Disenchanter nor 
Disenchantress. .can abide by Feeling alone. 

Disencha‘rm, v. vac. Also 7 -in-. [f. Dis- 
6+EncHarM.] ¢rans. To deliver from a charm. 

1651 Jer. Taytor Serm. for Year 11. i. 9 The fear of a Sin 
had disincharmed him. 1884 Browninc Ferishtah 143 
A chill wind disencharms All the late enchantment ! 

+ Disencloi‘ster, v. Ods.rare—?.  [f. Dis- 6 
+ EncLoister v.) trans. To set free from clois- 
tered confinement and seclusion. 

1652 Bentowes 7heoph. iw. \xxxvii, Let her still Enjoy 
her disencloystred fill In these high Extasies, 

+ Disenclo:se, v. 04s. rare. Also 7 -inclose. 
[f Dis- 6 + EncLose v.] ¢rans. To throw open 
(that which is enclosed) ; to do away with the en- 
closure of. Hence Disenclo'sed /#/. a. 

x61r Cotcr., Desclorre, to disparke, vnclose ; disinclose, 
pull downe hedges orinclosures. 1669 WoopHEAD S¥, Jeresa 
1. vii. 33 Neither is this Monastery also of the most open 
and dis-enclosed. 

+ Disencou'rage, 7. Oés. [f. Dis- 6 + En- 
couRAGE, Cf, Discourace.] frams. To deprive 
of encouragement; to DiscouRaGE. 

1626 in Rushw. ///st. Coll. (1659) I. 371 To disencourage 
all opposers. 1710 STEELE 7'atler No, 26 P 6 Yet that must 
not disencourage you. 1800 Map. D'ArsLay Diary § Lett. 
(1846) VI. 243 The world has acknowledged you my off- 
spring, and I will disencourage you no more. 1803 /éid. 325. 

Hence + Disencow raging, ///. a. ; also + Dis- 
encou'rager Olds. 

1716 M. Davies Athen, Brit. 11. To Rdr. 14 As great .. 
Disencouragers as our Bibliopolists prove to learned Poverty. 
a 1806 C, J. Fox Hist. James I] (1808) 27 The most com- 
pletely disencouraging example that history affords. 

+ Disencowragement. 0és. Also 7 -in-. 
[f. prec. ; cf. encouragement.) Lack or withdrawal 
of encouragement; disheartenment, discourage- 
ment. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres i. ii. 71 The effect whereof 
shall breede .. disencouragement, and weakening to the 
enemy. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 56 Neither 
should her present humor give you [a suitor] any cause of 
Ot Win hai 1668 EtnEreDGE She wou'd t/ she cou'd 
1. i, Wks. (1723) 90 The utter decay and disencouragement 
of Trade and Industry. 27358 M. Davis A then. Brit. 1. Pref, 
68 Under a temptation of a total Disencouragement, 

Disencrease : see DisincnEase. 

Disencumber (disénkwmba:), v. Also 7 -in-. 
[ad. F. désencombrer, earlicr desencombre (12-13th 
c. in Hatz,-Darm.): see Dis- 4 and EncuMBER.] 
trans. To relieve or free from encumbrances. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 130 The space.. behind 


the terraplene..shall..be made plaine and disencombered. 
1667 Mitton ?, L.v. 7oo Ere dim Night had disincumberd 


-ED1,] 


Heav'n. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 147 ® 8 Most expe- 
ditiously disencumbered from my villatick bashfulness. 
1814 Worpsw. -L.rcursion 1x. 71 that superior height 


Who sits, is disencumbered from the press Of near ob- 
structions. 1888 Burcon Lives 12 Gd. Alen I. iv. 397 The 
beautiful pillars were disencumbered of the monuments 
which. .encrusted and disfigured them. 

Disencu'mbered, ///. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
Freed from encumbrance. 

1611 Cotcr., Descombré, disincombred, vnpestered. 1681 
Drypen Ads. & Achit, 850 Free from Earth, thy disen- 
cumbred Soul Mounts up. 1705 Appison /taly 76 The 
Church of St. Justina. .is the most handsom, luminous, dis- 
encumber'd Building in the Inside that I have ever seen. 
178 Cowrer Retirement 394 Four handsome bays, That 
whirl away from busi and debate The di bered 
Atlas of the State, 1824 L, Murray Zng. Gram, (ed. 5) 


444 


I. 449 That the more important .. words possess the 
pata ky quite disencumbered. er. 

‘mberment. vare. [f. as prec. + 
-MENT; cf. F. désencombrement (Littré).] The 
action of disencumbering or fact of being disen- 
cumbered. n recent Dicts. 


+Disencu‘mbrance. (és. [f. as prec. + 
-ANCE, after encumbrance.) Deliverance or free- 
dom from encumbrance. 

1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 264 ? 1 Out of mere Choice, and 
an elegant Desire of Ease and Disincumbrance. 1776 ADAM 
Situ W, N. v. ii. (1869) 11. 455 The waste, and not the 
disencumbrance, of the estate was the common effect of a 
long minority. 1793 W. Roserts Looker-on (1794) 11. No. 
60. 406 An indecorous ease, and a selfish disincumbrance. 

Disend, obs. form of DEscEND. 

+ Disenda'mage, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 6.] 
trans. To relieve from loss or damage. 

165s Jennincs Elise 69 Promising that he would disen- 
damage him of all his pretended wrongs. 

Disendow (diséndaw’),v. [f. Dis- 6 + Expow.] 
trans. To deprive or strip of endowments. 

1861 F. Hatt in 9rx/. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 4 Descend- 
ants who were not entirely disendowed of power. 1868 
Pall Mall G. 18 Feb., One cannot understand why the 
Protestant rector should vanish from the land the moment 
the [Irish] Church is disendowed. 1883 LasoucHere in 
Fortn, Rev., The Established Church will at once be dis- 
established and disendowed. 

Hence Disendow-ed ///. a., Disendow'ing v//. 
sh. and ppl. a.; also Disendow'er, one who dis- 
endows; Disendow'ment, the action or fact of 
Cisendowing. (All chiefly used in reference to 


ecclesiastical endowments.) 

1864 Wenster, Disendowment. 1867 Brewer in Times 
10 Apr. 8/: The House of Commons has pledged itself to the 
disestablishment and disendowment of the Irish Church. 
1869 Daily Tel. 5 July, The great disestablisher and dis- 
endower. 1874 Eclectic Sept. 319 The secularized and 
disendowed priests of aonce popular religion. 1874 Morty 
Compromise (1886) 99 ‘The disendowment of the national 
church. 1888 Pa// A/all G. 9 Apr. 2/2 Used to hearing dis- 
establishers accused of a new Crucifixion and disendowers 
identified with Judas. 

Disener, var. of DEcENER, Ods. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 11. xxx. 141 Eueryche shal haue 
undre hym a dyzener of carpenters and a dyzener of helpers 
and also thre diseners of laborers. 

+ Disenfila‘de, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
ENFILADE v.] ¢rans. (See quot.) 

1706 Accomplished Officer v. 39 Care ought to be taken, 
that all the Parts of the Covered Way be Disenfiladed. 
Which is done either by Nature, or by ‘Traverses of all 
those Parts of the Country which might command _ them. 
lbid. 40 To Disenfilade signify’s so to dispose the Ground 
or a Work, as that it may not be seen or discovered by the 
Enemy, and battered in a straight line. 

isenfra‘nchise, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Enrray- 
CHISE 2, II.) 

1. trans. To deprive of civil or electoral privi- 
leges ; to DISFRANCHISE. 

1664 Burter Hud. u. ii. 708 And they, in mortal Battel 
vanquish'd, Are of their Charter dis-enfranchis'd. 1738 H, 
Brooke Gustavus Vasa (Jod,), That nature .. Shall disen- 
franchise all her lordly race. 1893 Lyp1a H. Dickinson in 
Barrows Parl. Relig. 1. 507 There could..be no legal act 
disenfranchising woman, since she was never legally en- 
franchised. : 

+ 2. [f. Dis- 5, or error.] To set free, liberate, 
enfranchise. Ods. rare. : 

1626 ‘I. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 153 A cruell Tyranny, 
from whence she may with a litle courage disinfranchize 
herselfe. x Lp. Orrery Parthenissa (1676) I re- 
solv’d my self not a little disenfranchis’d from that o! "ere 


Hence Disenfra‘nchising ///. a. and vl. sb. ; 


also + Disenfra‘nchisement O/s. 

1721 BaILey, re a being disfranchised. 
1865 Aforn. Star 9 May, This .. is not an enfranchising, but 
a disenfranchising measure. 

e e (diséng#'dz),v. Also 7-8 disin- 
gage. [f. Dis- 6+ Excace v.; prob, after F, dés- 
engager (1462 in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

+l. trans. To free from engagement, pledge, 
contract, or obligation. Ods, exc, as fa. fple. 

1611 Cotcr., Desengager, to dising vngage, red i 
1622 Masnr tr. Ademan's Guzman d'A ¥f. 1.* * ija, Moneys 
wherewithall to pay my debts, & to disingage my word. 
Bi Mitton Tenure Kings (1650) 10 If the king prov'd 
unfaithful the people would be disingag’d. 1754 Ricnarpson 
Grandison (r781) EI. xxix. 278 ‘To be a single woman all ny 
life, if he would not disengage me of my rash, my fooli 
promise. 1837 [see DisencaceD]. 

2. To loosen from that which holds fast, adheres, 
or entangles; to detach, liberate, free. 

1652 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass, 34 Two great 
Ships .. between which we were so intangled, that we could 
not in three hours disengage our selves. 1678 Lond. Gas. 
No. 1317/4 Sieur Ollier was mortally wounded, and_taken, 
but afterwards disengaged again. 1771 Ovivier Fencing 
Familiarized (1780) 60, | make an appel and disengage 
the point of my sword as if my design were to thrust carte 
overthe arm, 1834 Mepwin —— in Wales 1. 74, Lhad.. 
previously wound the rope. .round my arm ; the consequence 
was, that I could not disengage my wrist. 1878 Huxvey 
Physiogr. 109 It slowly d the water, 


with its hydrogen and disengaging its oxygen. 


Loe 
a 1618 Syivester Fob Triumphant 1. 
the sword of war thee dis-ingage. stags 


Hee will... from 
ABINGTON Castara 
+ AK " 


DISENGAGEMENT. 


B. Harris Parival’s Iron A. Hi the 
step d to disi him fi ee ice the Arce 


gage him from the service 

Duke. 171z Appison Sect. No. 63 P 1 It is 

the Mind to disengage it self from a Subject in which it has 

been long employed. a1871 Grote Eth. Fragm. iv. (1876) 

77 To disengage great principles from capricious adjuncts. 
ce. To loosen a bond or that which binds. ~ 

1780 Cowrer Doves 10 Our mutual bond of faith and truth 
No time shall disengage. 1856 Bryant Old Man's Funeral 
vii, Softly to disengage the vital cord. _ 

3. intr. (for refl.) To free oneself, get loose. 

1646 J. Hatt Poems 1. abides disi e, our bloodlesse 
form 1 fly Beyond the reach of Earth, CoLiier 
Ess. Mor. Subj. u\. (1709) 98 In conversing with ks we 
may chuse our pany, and disengage without Ci 
or Exception. 1832 Regul. /nstr. Cavalry 11. 80 The left 
Troop..must disengage. . before it can move. — & 

4. intr. Fencing. To reverse the relative position 
of the blades by smartly passing the point to the 
opposite side of the opponent’s sword. 

Fs R. H. School Recreat. 71 When you are on your 
Guard, and within your Adversary’s Sword, di: and 
make your Feint without. 1771 Oxtvier Fencing Kamil. 
(1780) 38 If you perceive your adve force your blade, I 
would always have you disengage, keeping the point strait to 
his body. 1809 RoLanp Fencing 83 To disengage is simply 
to pass your blade on the other side of your adve "s (it 
is no matter whether within or over the arm) and to thrust. 

Hence Disenga‘ging vd/. sb. and fpl.a. Disen- 
gaging gear, machinery: see ENGAGING ffi. a. 3. 

1684 R. H. School Recreat. 59 Caveating or Disengaging. 
Here you must .. slip your Adversaries Sword, when you 
perceive him about to bind or secure yours. 1831 a 
Bk. 77 Disengaging is performed by dexterously shifting the 
point of your foil from one side of your adversary's b! 
the other; that is, from carte to tierce, or tice versa. 
Knicut Dict. Mech., Disengaging-gear, contrivances 
which machines are thrown out of connection with their 
motor, by disconnecting the wheels, chains or bands which 
drive them. 

Disenga:ge, sd. [f. prec. vb.] Fencing. The 
act of disengaging or reversing the relative position 
of the blades, so as to free one’s own for a thrust. 
So counter-disengage. 


177% Oxivier Fencing Famil.(1780) 132 Begin trying your 
adversary with appels, beatings, disengages, and ex 
in order to embarrass him. /ézd. 87 The counter-disengage 
of carte over the arm. 1879 Encycl. Brit. UX. 71 (Fencing) 
Cut and disengage, if made inside of the arm, is parried by 
quarte, or the counter of tierce; if outside, by tierce or 
counter in quarte. 1889 [see CounTER-DISENGAGE, $é.]. 
Disengaged (diséngéidzd), p/. a. [f. as prec. 
+-ED1; but often used as f. Dis- 10+ ENGAGED.] 
Set free from engagement, ties, or prepossession ; 
free from obligatory connexion; detached; not 
engaged ; untrammelled, unoccupied, at liberty. 
1621 Sir G. Catvert in Fortesc. Papers 155 So long as the 
Prince Palatine shall keepe himself disengaged from medlii 
in them. 165: Hosses Govt. & Soc. iii. § 24. 51 The Law 
Nature therefore commands the Judge to be dis-engag’d. 
1676 W. Hunsarn Happiness of People 53 Such 
..doe but embolden isengaged standers by to complain of 
both. 12722 Streeter Sect. No. 318 Pp 1 This Lady is ofa free 
and disengaged Behaviour. 1772 Oxivier Fencing Famil. 
(1780) 38 me the time, and give him a disengaged thrust 
in carte over the arm. 1794 SULLIVAN View Nat, 1. 2 
The other acids are only in a disen, state, found in 
waters accidentally. 1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Are you dis- 
engaged this evening? 


le to 


gedness. [f. prec.+-vxss.] The 
quality ot being disengaged; freedom from ties, 
engagement, obligation, or prepossession. 

1685 tr. Gracian’s Courtier’s Orac. 195 To speak clearly.. 
shews not onely a cmon but also a vivacity of 
wit. 5 Epwarps Freed. Will. 11. xiii. 133 The more 
the Soul has of this Disengagedness in its acting, the more 
Liberty, x j. Hames Let. in Life viii. (1870) 35 
I have a singular sensation of disen: edness. 1887 EF. 
Gurney Vertium yo I, 250 The application of it requires 
di deaak aan Aaa 


Dise: +t (diséngé''dzmént). _[f. Dis- 
ENGAGE ¥, + -MENT, after ¢; 3 cf. F. désen- 
gagement (15th c.)] The action of disengaging 
or fact of being disengaged Srom (anything). 

16g0 Eart Mono. ar, Senauilt's Man become Guilty 378 
They call poverty a dis-ingag from uselesse thi 
1699 H. Cuannier Bigotry (709) 6 Their Believing in Christ 
was no Disingag from Jud 1716 Jer. CoLuier 
tr. Nasiausen's Panegyrick Pref, A noble Disen; t 
from the World. 1887 R. Garnett in Lowell Study Wind. 
Introd. 12 He has not that disengag from all trad | 
and conventional influences .. which characterises younger 
men, 

b. The physical, es. chemical, separation or 
setting free (of anytning). 

x W. Nicnotson tr, Chaftal's Elemt. Chem. (1800) IT. 
1 he “ De Q in Bl rng bas | fe The 
uINcEY in \ 4 7 

i i velit yp rattan gh ny billings 
surmounting the city. 


"3881 Nature XXII1. 616 
gaseous acids are absorbed .. with disengagement of heat. 
ec. Freedom from engagement, prepossession, 
occupation, or ties; detachment ; freedom or ease 
of manner or behaviour. aca ; aie 
Ss Funeral i. igf1702 ‘adam! your Air 
, ite Nealigenc ah Senge of oe. sree 
Brit. Apollo \11. No. 77. 3/1 us you y Dising: 
deh. gre Than a { ‘our Sex by Servile Laws before. 
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 14 ® 4 A man proposes his 


schemes of life in a state of abst and disengagement. 
Il. ; with all the 
sy, Women of Hover Us AI i eine te 


(Arb.) 64 My sacke will disingag 


2 owe 


DISENGIRDLE. 


Ferrier Grk. Philos. I. x. 241 This mental disengagement 
-. and liberation. 

d. The dissolution of an engagement to be 
married. 

* 3996 Jane AusTEN Sense § Sens. xxix, She might wound 
Marianne still deeper by treating their disengagement .. as 
an escape from..evils. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 7 Feb. 8/1 ‘ Dis- 

gag t’ is a pleasi hemism for a gentle form of 
‘breach of promise’. 

e. Fencing. (See DISENGAGE 7. 4) 

1771 Oxivier Fencing Famil. (1780) 38 Of the Disengage- 
ment. 1809 RoLanp Fencing 65 The side on which it was 
usual to parry the disengagement. 1889 W. H. Pottock, etc., 
Fencing (Baal " “sage li. 48 Simple attacks are..four: the 
straight thrust, the disengagement, the coupé, and the 
counter-disengagement. 

mgirdle, v. rave. [Dis-6.] trans. To 
undo the engirdling of; to release from a girdle. 

1871 SwinsuRNE Songs bef. Sunrise Prel. g9 And disen- 
girdled and discrowned ‘The limbs and locks that vine 
leaves bound. 

+ Disengo'rge, v. Obs. rave. [Dis-6.] trans. 
To discharge (as a river); = DIscoRGE 2. 

‘610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 239 At length he dis- 
engorgeth himselfe unto the Severn-sea. 

Disengu'lf, -gulph, v. vare. [D1s- 6.] 
trans. To cast up what has been engulfed. 

18 Turrer Prov. Philos. (1852) 386 The maelstrém 
[shall] disengulph its spoil. 

Disenhallow (disénhz'lov), v. rare. [See 
Disen- and Hatiow v.] ¢rans. To deprive of 
hallowed character. 

3 eal Lucretia 69 The love is disenhallowed. 

enherison, Disenherit, etc. : see Distn-. 

Disenme’‘sh, v. rare. [Dis-6.] trans. To 
free from meshes or enmeshment; to disentangle. 

1868 Browninc Ring § Bk. xu. 565 Convulsive effort to 
disperse the films And disenmesh the fame o’ the martyr. 

Disenno'ble, v. [f. Dis-6 + Ennosix.] érans. 
To deprive of nobleness; to render ignoble: the 
reverse of to ennoble. 

Mod, Answ. Prynne's Reply 20 It dis ennobles mens 
spirits. 1713 ADDISON Guardian No. 137 ®2 An unworthy 
behaviour degrades and disennobles a man in the eye of 
the world, 1842 Faser Styriax Lake 335 The disennobling 
of our lives. 

Diseno'rm, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 6 or 8+ 
EnorM v. or a.) trans. To free from irregularity ; 
to make conformable to a norm or standard. 

1644 Quartes Sheph. Orac. viii, To prevent Confused 
babling, and to disenorm Prepost’rous service. 

Disenra‘vel, v. rare. [See DIsEn-, and RavEt 
v.] trans. To unravel, disentangle. 

1881 BLackie md Serm. i. 64 A tissue which no mortal 
skill can disenrave A 

+ Disenri‘ch, v. 00s. rare. [D1s-6.] 

To deprive of riches ; to impoverish. 

1647 TRare Comm, 2 Cor. viii. 9 He that was heir of all 
things; disinriched and disrobed himself of all. 

t enro'l,v. Obs. rare. In 7 disinroule. 
[f- Dis- 6 + Enron: cf. obs. F. desenrouller.] 
trans. To remove from a roll or list. 

1631 Donne Let. to C'tess. of Bedford in Poems (1650) 
* He cannot ‘that’s, he will not) dis-inroule Your name. 

ensanity: see DisINsANITY. 

Disenshrou'd, v. rave. [Dis- 6.] trans. To 
set free from a shroud or enshrouded state. 

1835 W. A. Burter in Blackw. Mag. XXXVII.857 When 
that misty vale Evanid, disenshrouding field and grove, 
Left us. Afod. The disenshrouded statue. 

Disensla've, v. Also 7 disin-. [Dis- 6.] 
trans. To set free from enslavement; to liberate 
from slavery. Hence Disensla‘ved ///. a. 

1649 Petit. in J. Harrington Def. Rights Univ. Oxford 

1690) 1 Your worthy intentions to disinslave the free born 

eople of this Nation from all manner of Arbitrary .. 
Power. 1660 H. More Myst. God?. vt. xi. 244 To disen- 
slave him from the bondage of Satan. 1681 P. Rycaut 
Critick 242 To walk as free and disinslaved' as the King of 
it. a1716 Soutn Sermz. (1737) ILI. viii (R.), They expected 
such an one as should disenslave them from the Roman 


yoke. x * 

Disentail (diséntzil), v. Also 7 disin-. [f. 
Dis- 6 + Enrai v.2] Hence Disentai‘ling £//. a. 

1. trans. (Law.) To free from entail; to break 
the entail of (an estate) ; see ENrart 5d.2 

1848 Wuarton Law Lex. 645/2 The disentailing deed must 
beenrolled. 1858 Lp. Sr. Leonarps*/andy Bk. Prop. Law 
xvii, 129 [A] disentailing assurance, 1861 W. Bett Dict. 
Law Scot. 807/1 An heir born after that date [Aug. 1848] is 
entitled to disentail the estate under the authority of the 
Court. Jbid., The exercise of the power to disentail. 1885 
Siz N. Linotey in Law 7imes Rep. LIL. 609/2 He infended 
to disentail everything which he took under the will of his 
ancestor. dod, Part of the estate has been disentailed, 

+2. To divest, dispossess, deprive of. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. u. iii. (1851) 158 With much more 
reason undoubtedly ought the censure of the Church be 
quite devested and disintal'd of all jurisdiction whatsoever. 

b. To free oneself from, get rid of. Ods. 

1667 Decay Chr. Piety viii. » 26 To disintail those two 
most inestimable blessings, of a pure religion and outward 
peace, which our immediate progenitors left us. 

Disentai'‘l, sd. [f. prec. vb.] The act of dis- 
entailing or breaking an entail. 

3861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 807/2 An heir, .is not en- 
titled to give to a di 1, in opposition to the 
creditors in such debts, 1868 Act 31-2 Vict. c. rox § 112 The 


iS ©UP 


trans. 


445 


execution ofa deed of disentail. 1834 eekly Notes 22 Nov. 
210/2 The power of sale in the will was destroyed by the 
disentail. ‘. 

Disentai‘lment. [f. as prec. +-MENT.| = prec. 

1848 Wuarton Law Lex. 647/2 Thus much as to the dis- 
entailment of freehold. 1886 Law Rep. 31 Ch. Div. 254 In 
effecting the disentailment and resettling of this estate. 

Disentangle (disénteng’l), v. Also 7-8 
disin-. [f. Dis- 6+ EnranGLe.] 

1. ¢rans. To free (anything) from that in or with 
which it is entangled; to disengage, extricate. 
Const. from, formerly sometimes of. a. Jit. 

1598 Frorio /tal. Dict., Strigare to disintangle, to rid. 
a 1691 Boyte (J.), Though in concretions particles so entangle 
one another .. yet they do incessantly strive to disentangle 
themselves, and get away. 1784 Cowrer /'ask ul. 145 
‘They disentangle from the puzzled skein..The threads of 
. shrewd design. 1847 J. Witson Chr. North (1857) I. 21 
‘To disentangle our line from the water-lilies. 1860 ‘TYNDALL 
Glac. 1. xix. 135 Two hours had been spent in the effort to 
disentangle ourselves from the crags. 

b. fg. To set free from intellectual, moral, or 
practical complications; to extricate from diffi- 
culties or hindrances. 

161r Cotcr., Desembarrasser, to vnpester, disintangle. 
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Evomena 116 ‘Vhe Princesse 
now disentangled of publike affaires, and desirous to know 
who shee was [etc.]. 1709 BerKkeELEy 7. Vision § 92 Yo dis- 
entangle our minds from .. prejudices. 1769 RopeRTsoN 
Chas. V, IIL. xt. 370 ‘The Emperor disentangled himself .. 
from all the affairs of this world. 1874 Green Short //ist. 
vi. § 6. 325 To .. disentangle a few fragmentary facts from 
the mass of fable. 

2. To bring (anything) out of a tangled state; to 
unravel, untwist. 

1805 SoutHeyY Madoc in Act. vi, Disentangling The passive 
reptile’s folds. 1826 Scotr Diary 10 Feb. in Lockhart, One 
puzzles the skein in order to excite curiosity and then cannot 
disentangle it. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xx. 252 Patience 
to disentangle the knots of my harness. 

Jig. 1660 Marve tt Corr, xiil. Wks. 1872-5 II. 40, I shall .. 
inform myselfe here how that annexion stands, and the 
readiest way of disintangling it. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. 169? 13 He must .. disentangle his method, and alter 
his arrangement. 1871 Freeman //ist. ss. Ser. 1. i. 31 
We can disentangle the several elements of which it is 
made up. 

3. intr. (for ref.) To become disentangled; to 
disentangle oneself (quot. 1676). 

1607 Ford's Madrigal, ‘Since first I saw your face’, My 
heart is fast, And cannot disentangle. 1676 Marvett 4/7. 
Smirke K iv, Betaking themselves to this Spiritual Warfare, 
they ought to disintangle from the World. 1726 Adz. Capt. 
R. Boyle 24 My Foot disentangled, and I fell:plum into the 
Sea. 1742 Younc W/. 7h. 11. 455. Thoughts disintangle 
passing o'er the lip. Zod. This skein won’t disentangle. 

Hence Disenta'ngled ///. a., -ing vd/. sb. 

161x Cotcr., Desmteslement, vnpestering, disintricating, dis- 
intangling. 1633G. Herpert Zemfle, Reprisallii, A disen- 
tangled: state and free. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr, Ethics ii. 14 
Our thoughts and affections must be always disentangled. 

Disentanglement. [f. prec. + -menv, after 
entanglement.| The fact of disentangling, or state 
of being disentangled. 

1751 Jounson Rawmbler No. 110 P 10 The disentanglement 
of actions complicated with innumerable circumstances. 
1774 Warton //ist, Eng. Poetry (1840) III. xliv. 127 In the 
disentanglement of this distressful tale. 1856 Froupe //is¢. 
Eng. 1. 228 Such process of disentanglement .. though easy 
for posterity, is always impossible to living actors in the 
drama of life: 

Disenta‘ngler. vave. One who disentangles. 


1885 Manch. Exam. 13 Apr. 3/1 Mr. Buchanan’s work of | 


disentangler is conducted with a good deal of spirit. 


+ Disenter, v. Law. Olds. [f. Dis-6+ Enver | 


v. 2.) trans. To eject, oust, dispossess. 

1629 MS. Acc..St. Fohn's Hosp.,. Canterb., For his charges 
when he went into. Thanett to disenter Sampson. from our 
lands and, to take possession. 1631 /did., [We] went to 
Hoath to,disenter Baker. 

Disenter, -erre, obs. ff. DistntER v. 

+ Disentera‘tion. Oés. rare. [n. of action f. 
*disenterate vb., f. Dis- 7 + Gr. évrepa bowels.] 
Evacuation of the bowels. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 11, viii. 123 For doing the work 
of Nature (I meane not that of Disenteration) but of laugh- 


ing. 

Disenthra:l, eall, v. Also 7 disin-. [f. 
Dis- 6 + EntTurat.] ‘vans. ‘To set free from en- 
thralment or bondage; to liberate from thraldom. 

a@ 1643 G. Sanpvys (J.), God my soul shall disenthral. 1653 
Mitton Ps. iv. 4 In. straits and in distress Thou. didst me 
disenthrall And set at large. 2689 Def Liberty agst. Tyrants 
149 In seeking freedom from ‘Fyranny, he. . was the principal 
Instrument to dis-inthrall them. 1843 J. Martingau Chr. 
Life (1867) 331 Reverence which disenthrals the mind from 
lower passions, 

Hence Disenthra‘lled A//. a. 

1848 R. I. Wi-Berrorce /ucarnation xiii. (1852) 363 Only 
through union with our disenthralled representative. 

Disenthra‘ldom. rare. [irreg. f. prec. + 
-pom, after ¢hraldom.] =next. 

1823 New Monthly Mag. VI. 529 The advocates of dis- 
enthraldom from the classic school. 

Disenthra'lment. [f. DisenrHRaL + -MENT.] 
The action of freeing, or fact of being freed, from 
enthralment ; emancipation from thraldom. 

1825 Lp. Cocksurn Mem. 262 The disenthralment of 
those who had liberated themselves. 1870 LoweELt Study 
Wind. 54 Enjoying that delicious sense of disenthralment 
from the actual which .. twilight brings. 


DISENTWINE. 


Bisenthrone (disénprdwn), v. Also 7 disin-. 
[f£ Dis- 6+ EnTHRONE.] ¢razs. To put down from 
a throne; to depose from royal or supreme dignity 
or authority ; to dethrone. 

1608 Heywoop Lucrece 1. ii. Wks. 1874 V. 171, I charge 
thee, Tarquin, disinthrone thy selfe. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 
11, 229 Either to disinthrone the King of Heav'n We warr 
«or to regain Our own right lost. 1855 Miman Las. 
Chr. (1864) 1X. xiv. x. 346 ‘The proposal of a new transla- 
tion of the Scriptures .. disenthroned the Vulgate from its 
absolute exclusive authority. 

Hence Disenthro‘ning 70/. s/,; Disenthro‘ne- 
ment, dethroning. 

1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 559 Which act of 
any King against the Consent of his Parlament .. might of 
it self strongly conduce to the disinthrowning him. 1848 
Hamppven Bampt. Lect. (ed. 3) 157 ‘The disenthroning of 
Providence. 1894 Asquitn Sf. at Newburgh 24 Oct., To 
seek for the disenthronement of religious privilege. 

Disentitle (diséntait’l), v. Also 7 disin-. 
[f. Dis- 6+ Extirte] ‘vans. To deprive of title 
or right (¢o something): the reverse of to ezditle. 

1654 Jer. Taytor Neal Pres. 131 All that eat are not 
made Christ’s body, and all that eat not are not disintitled 
to the resurrection, a@1716 Soutn Serm. VIII. v.(R.) Every 
ordinary offence does not disentitle a son to the love of his 
father, 1856 Froupe //ist, Eng. 1. 99 He... would have 
pleaded the sacred right of inheritance, refusing utterly the 
imaginary law which disentitled him. 

Disentomb (disént#m),v.  [f. Dis- 6 + En- 
TOMB.) /rans. To take out of the tomb; ,¢ransf. 
and fig.) to take (anything) out of that in which 
it is buried or hidden away; to disinter, unearth. 

1626 ‘I’. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 370 A mad vanity of 
Nobility of race, which causeth many to dig out, and dis- 
entombe their Grand-Sires, as it were, from the ashes of 
old ‘Troy. 1839 Dre Quincey Necoll. Lakes Wks. 1862 II. 
96 Worlds of fine thinking lie buried in that vast abyss, 
never to be disentombed. 1877 A. B. Epwarps Uf Nrle 
xxl. 659 A mummy..which we saw disentombed. 1880 
MeCartuy Own Times 1V. 527. Mr. Freeman .. disen- 
tombed a great part of the early history of england. 

Hence Disentombed (-t7md), #//. a.; Disen- 
tombment (t/‘m,mént), the act of disentombing. 

1859 Smices Se//-//elp iii. 55 The disentombment of the 
Nineveh marbles. 1871 Fraser Life & Lett. Berkeley iii. 
78 The disentombed remains of Herculaneum. 

+ Disentrai'l,v. Os. [f. Dis- 7a + Enrrain 
sd.1 (in early use evtraz‘/).] trans. ‘To draw forth 
from the entrails or inward parts. Hence + Dis- 
entrai‘led ///. a. 

1596 SPENSER F. Q. Iv. ili. 28 The disentrayled blood 
Adowne their sides like litle rivers stremed. /6¢. 1v. vi. 
16 Heaping huge strokes ., As if he thought her soule to 
disentrayle. 1692 J. SALTER 7 7tumphs Fesus 22 As if they 
designed to dis-entrail His very Soul. : 

Disentrairnment. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Iy- 
TRAIN v.2 + -MENT.] The action of cischarging 
(troops) from a railway train’; detraining. 

1881 Globe 18 Apr. 5 ‘The disentrainment was superintended 
by Lieut.-Colonel Knight. : 

Disentra'mmel,?. [f. Dis- 6+ ExrramMer.] 
trans. To free from its trammels, or from an en- 
trammelled state. 

1866 Pall Mall G. 22 Jan. 1 Before the Federal Power 
had been disentrammelled from the civil war. 1878 Swi- 
Burne Poems & Ball. Ser. uu. 11 Any soul... Disrobed and 
disentrammelled. 

Disentra‘nce, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Entrance 2.] 
trans. ‘Yo bring out of or arouse from a trance, or 
from an entranced state. 

1663 Butter Hxd. 1. iii. 717’ Ralpho by this time disen- 
tranc’d, Upon his Bum himself advanc’d. 1809 CoLERIDGE 
Friend (1866) 351 ‘This trifling incident startled and dis- 
entranced me. 1855 Browninc Any Wife to Any Husband 
xv, Love so, then, if thou wilt! Give all thou canst Away 
to the new faces—disentranced .. obdurate no more. 

Hence Disentra‘ncement. In recent Dicts. 

+ Disentra‘verse, 2. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 5 
+ *entraverse vb., repr. F. entraverser to place en 
travers or athwart : cf. ENTRAVERSE adv.] trans, 
‘To wrest (meaning), 

1610 W. Fo-kincuaM A7t of Survey 1. vili. 18 Plinie dis- 
entrauerses the meaning of /’//a to imply a blackish, gentle, 
mellow, and tender soyle. 

Disentrayle, obs. form of DISENTRAIL 7. 

Disentrea‘t, v. Obs. rare—°.  [f.. Dis- 6 + En- 
TREAT.] ¢rans. To deprecate, entreat not to have. 

r6rx CotGr., Desfrier, to vnpray, disintreat, 

+Disentru'st, v. Ols. rare. [Dis- 6.] 
trans, To deprive (a person) of a trust ;. the oppo- 
site of entrust. 

1648 J. Gooowin Right § Might 13 There is the same 
liberty in a Pupill, or person in his minority, to dis-entrust 
his Guardian, how lawfully soever chosen, upean suspicion 
of male-administration, or unfaithfulnesse. 
Disentwine, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Enrwine.] 

1. ¢vans. To free from being entwined ; to un- 
twine, untwist, disentangle (/¢. and fg.). 

1814 Byron Corsair 1, xiv, My very love to thee is hate 
to them, So closely mingling here, that disentwined, I 
cease to love thee when I love mankind. 182r SHELLEY 
Prometh, Unb. 1. iii. 48 The wind .. disentwines my hair. 

Owen /Wellesley's Desp. p. xk, In disentwining the co- 
ordinate and conflicting claims of native Princes. 

2. intr. (for refl.) To become disentwined. 

1875 Sunday Mag. June 580 Thoughts ., intertwine and 
disentwinep but the problem remains, 


DISENVELOP. 


Disenve'lop, -e, v. Also 7-8 disin-. 
[f Dris- 6 or 7 + Envetop v. or ENVELOPE sd.) 
trans. To free from that in which it is enveloped ; 
to unfold, develop. 

pe Haywaro tr. Biondi’s Eromena 108 Maligne stars 
.. which being in some sort intricated with the fixed .. are 
never more disinveloped. /éd. 162 He was not likely to 
be soone disenveloped out of the passions of his fatherly 
affection. 1655-73 H. More Aff. Anted. b 6b, Disen- 
veloping what pretended strength of Argument there may be. 
1741 Warsurton Div. Legat. 11. 574 When the prephes: ‘ 
have explained the spiritual meaning of his [Moses’] law 
and disinveloped his sense. 

Disenve'nom, z. rave. [f. Dis- 6 + Envenom.] 
trans. To undo the process of envenoming ; to de- 
prive of its venom. 

ax7tr Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 1.45 By meekness 
disenvenoming their spite. — Hymns Evang. ibid. 1. 177 
Conquer’d Death .. By Jesus disenvenom’d is your Sting. 

Disenvi'ron, v. va7e. [Dis-6.] “ans. To 
deprive of or set free from its environment. 

1875 L. Morris Evensong xii, Self-centred and self-con- 
tained, disenvironed and isolate. 

+ Disenwra'p, v. Ots. rare. In 7 disin-. 
[f. Dis-6+ ENwrapv.] ‘rans. To free from that 
in which it is enwrapped ; to unwrap. 

16az2 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman d’Alf. 1. 222, 1 went 
about to dis-inwrap her hands of her mantle, that I might 
come to touch them. 

Disepalous (daisepales\, a. Bot. [f. Gr. &- 
(Di- 2) twice + mod.L. sepal-um SEPAL + -OUS.] 
Having or consisting of two sepals. 

1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 248/1 If there are two sepals, the 
calyx is disepalous. 1870 Bentiey Bot, 216 Disepalous for 
a Di composed of two distinct sepals. 

+ Dise-qual, «. Os. 
cf. OF. desegal, -gual unequal (in Godef.), also L. 
dispar.) Unequal. 

1622 Masne tr. Aleman's Guzman d Alf.1. To Rdr., My 
minde still beating vpon the Barbarisme and dis-equall 
number of those ignorant Dolts. 

+ Disequa:lity. Obs. [f. Disequat, after 
equality: cf. OF. desegaulte, desigalité inequality 
(in Godef.).] Inequality, disparity. 

160a Secar Hon. Mil. & Civ. ut. v. 117 Euery small dis- 
equality ought not to make difference chiefly where God 
is Judge. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Broudi’s Eromena 110 The 
disequalitie of yeares (she being at least by six yeares his 
elder). 1655 CromweLt S/. 22 Jan., If there be a dispro- 
portion or disequality as to power. 

Dise'q e@,v. rare-°. [f. Dis- 6 + Equat- 
1ZE.) ¢rans. To render unequal. 
equalizer, one who or that which renders unequal. 

1847 Lytton Lucretia. Epil., The mechanic— poor slave 
of the capitalist—poor agent and victim of the arch dis- 
e ualiser, Civilisation. 

equili‘brium. [f.D1s-9 + Equintprium.] 
Absence or destruction of equilibrium. So Dis- 
equili‘brate, Disequi‘librize v/s., to destroy the 
equilibrium of, to throw out of balance ; Disequi- 
libra‘tion. 

1840 Aco/us 12 A finely poised lever, to which the weight 
of a fly is enough to occasion a disequilibrium. 1882 
Ewes tr. Capello & Ivens’ Benguella to Vacca I. i.7 The 
effect of this dis-equilibrium of nature. 1889 Blackw. Mag. 
CXLVI. 742/2 Eg are disequilibrised. 1891 J. M. Guyan 
Educ. & Heredity Pref. 23 The disequilibrated are forever 
lost to humanity. 1891 A/onzst 1. 627 A disequilibration of 
their organism. 

Disequi'p, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans. To 
divest (any one) of his equipment ; zr. (for ref.) 
to doff one’s equipment. 

1831 Fr. A. Kempie ¥rn/. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III. 
aah e) arrived just as we had disequipped. 

iserde, obs. var. Dizzarp. 

Diserit, -yt: see DisHerir. 

+ Dise'rt, 2. Ols. [ad. L. disert-us skilful in 
speaking, fluent, var. of déssertus, pa. pple. of dis- 
serére to discuss, discourse, f. d7s-, Dis- 1 or 2 + 
serére to interweave, connect, compose.] Able or 
fluent in speech; well-spoken, eloquent. 

¢ 1425 Found, St. Bartholomew's 24 Blessynge the myght 
and the wysdome of God, the whiche ipa the dumme 
moweth, and the tongis of infantis maketh opyne and diserte. 
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 52 Disert Statesmen, 
BuRNE Manilius Pref., This most Disert Poet. 

Disert, obs. var. of Desenr sd.2 

+ Disertitude. Ods. rare—°. [ad. late L. 
disertitid-o eloquence, f. disert-us DISERT.] 

1656 Biounr Glossogr., Disertitude, eloquence, 

Dise'rtly, adv. Obs. [f. Disent + -Ly 2.] 
Ably, clearly, eloquently, in plain terms. 

1447 BokeNnnam Seyntys Roxb} 188 By many an argu- 
mente She per dysert (eae! hyrentente. 1603 HoLtann 
Plutarch's Mor. 1306 Heraclitus directly and disertly nam- 
eth warre, the Father, King, and Lord of all the world. 
1650 BuLWER Anthropomet. i. 13 They speak a language 
disertly, briefly, and properly accented. 1798 Europ. see 
in Spirit Publ. Yruts (rip) Ul. 322 What hath been already 
so disertly and irrefragably urged by that learned man. 

Dises(e, obs. ff. Decrease, Disease. 

Disespeir, etc.: see DESESPEIR, etc. 

+ Disespou'se, v. Oés. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
EspousE S trans. To undo the espousal or 
betrothal of. 


1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. pes less but more Heroic then 
the .. rage Of Turnus for Lavinia disespous’d. 


1675 SHeEr- 


[f. Dis- 10 + Equa a.:. | 


Hence Dis- | 


446 


lish (disésteblif), v. [f. D1s- 6 + 
EsTaBLisH v.] ‘trans. To deprive of the character 
of being established; to annul the establishment 
of. a. gen. To undo the position of anything 
instituted, settled, or fixed by authority or genera. 
acce ce ; to depose. 

1598 FLorio Disconfermare, to vnconfirme, to disestablish. 
1794 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XIV. 248 Labouring to 
disestablish those Platonic opinions. 1886 PadZ Malt G. 
16 June 1'1 He has disestablished Money-bags as the arbiter 
of elections. 


b. sfec. To deprive (a church) of especial State 
connexion and support; to remove from the 
position of being the national or state church: cf. 
EstaBLIsH v. 7. 

1838 GLapsTonE State in Rel. Ch. (1839) 113 If religion be 
injured by the national establishment of the church, it must 
forthwith and at whatever hazard be disestablished. 1868 


DISFAVOUR. 


esteemer of thy Blood, and slighter of thy Love! x674 
Boyre Excell. Theol. 11. v. 231 It would extremely trou! 

me to see you a disesteemer of those Divine things. —_- 
Hence + Disestee’meress, a female disesteemer. 


_ 1611 Cotcr., Despriseresse, a disesteemeresse, i 

+ Disestimation (disestim2' fan). ds. [£ 
Dis- 9 + Estimation, after désesteem : cf. Sp. des- 
estimacion, It, disestimastone, -atione (Florio).] 

The action of disesteeming; the condition of 

being disesteemed ; disrepute ; = DISEsTEEM 5. 

1619 Denison //eav. Bang. 166 Frequent receiuing may 
cause a disestimation of the Sacrament. 1626 T. H. Canssin's 
Holy Crt.37'Yorayse vice..and put vertue in disestimation. 
1677 Gitrin Demonol. (1867) 221 Contempt or disestima- 
tion. 

+Dise’xercise, v. Olds. rare. ([Dis- 6.] 
trans. To put out of exercise, cease to exercise. 
1644 Mitton A reop. (Arb. It will be primely to the 
— t of ‘i aoe a and the stop of ‘Truth +. by 


discc 


Bricut Sf. /reland 1 Apr., You may be asked to dis blish 
their Church. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 116 The 
designs imputed to the newly reformed parliament of dis- 
establishing the Anglican Church. 

Hence Disestablished (-z blift), Disesta’blish- 


| ing ppl. ads. 


1869 Daily News 2 July, The disestablished Bishops [of 
the Irish Church]. 1891 Sfectator 17 Jan., He should take 
the wind out of the sails of the disestablishing party. 

Disesta‘blisher. [f. prec. vb.+-En!.] One 
who disestablishes ; an advocate of (Church) dis- 
establishment. 

1869 Daily News 2 July, The disestablishers of the Irish 
Church. 1885 Sat. Kev. 19 Sept. 371 Mr. Chamberlain 
poses before the Glaswegians as a disestablisher. 

Disesta‘blishment. [f. as prec. + -meNT.] 
The act of disestablishing. a. gen. 

1806 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. 1V. 264 From the establish- 
ment of Christianity under Constantine, to the beginnings 
of its disestablishment under Pope Leo X. 1887 Pall Mall 
G. 10 Feb. 6/t The position of the railways would justify the 
disestablishment of a railway guarantee fund. — 

b. sfec. The withdrawal of especial State 
patronage and control from a church. 

1860 Sat. Rev. 1X. 305/1 When the disestablishment 
grows nearer, the Church will cease to be recruited from the 
ranks of intelligence and education. 1883 A/anch. Exam. 
24 Oct. 5/1 They believe that religion, and justice, and 
citizenship would gain by Disestablishment. 

Hence Disesta:blishmenta‘rian, an adherent of 
disestablishment (also attrzd. or adj.). 

1885 7 ies 4 Dec. 3/4, I have just recorded my vote against 
the disestablishmentarian, 1885 Guardian 2 Dec. 1815/1 ‘The 
480 Disestablishmentarian candidates have considerably 
dwindled through explanations and rejections. 


Disesteem (<lisést?m), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Esteem 


| sb.: cf. next, and obs. F. desestime (Godef.), It. 


disestimo (Florio).] The action of disesteeming, 
or position of being disesteemed ; want of esteem ; 
low estimation or regard. 

_ Fiorio Montaigne (1634) 66 The Turkes, a nation 

ually instructed to the esteeme of armes, and disesteeme 
of letters. 1670 Mitton ///st. Eng. 1. Wks. (1851) 1 Dis- 
esteem and contempt of the public affairs. 1697 Drypen 
Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) I. 76 Pastorals are fallen into Dis- 
esteem. 3754 Epwarps Freed. Will 1. i. 195 Their Worthi- 
ness of Esteem or Disesteem, Praise or Dispraise. 1810 

JenTHAM Packing (1821) 91 Whatever tends to bring a man 
in power into ‘disesteem’, 1884 PEnnincton Wiciif ii. = 
The prevailing disesteem in which the Scriptures were held. 

Disestee'm, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Esteem v.: perh. 
after F. désestimer (16th c.), It. disestimare.] 

1. trans. To regard with the reverse of esteem ; 
to hold in low estimation, regard lightly, think 
little (or nothing) of, slight, despise. 

1 Daniet Cleopatra Ded., Ourselves, whose error ever 
is Strange notes to like, and disesteem our own. 1629 
Lynne Via tuta 195 The authority of Prelates would bee 
disesteemed. ioag Wasiar Wks. (1872) XIV, 208 Nor will he 
at all disesteem the precious pearl, for the meanness of the 
shell. 1868 Hetrs Xealmah (18: 6) 262 Thinking that he 
had somehow or other offended Ei esmere, or was greatly 
disesteemed by him. 

+b. To take away the estimation of. Ods. rare. 

@ 1637 B. Jonson Underwoods, Ep. to ¥, Selden 40 What 
fables hase you vex'd, what truth redeem'd,..opinions dis- 
esteem'd, Impostures branded. ; . 

+ ¢. intr. with of: To think little of, despise: 
=sense I. Obs. rare. 

D. Pet Jmpr. Sea 432 They that are apt to —— 
and disesteem of all Scriptural counsel. 1675 Brooks Gold. 
Key Wks. 1867 V. 338 The reason why they so much dis- 
esteemed of Christ. ; 

+2. with sudbord. clause: Not to think or sup- 

ose; to think or believe otherwise than. (Cf. 

(STEEM V. § c.) Obs. rare. 

1677 Hate Prim, Orig. Man, 1. iii. 89 We have just reason 
to deny and di this imaginary Eternity can belong 
at least to the sublunary World. 

Hence Disestee’med ///. a., -ing-vd/. sh, 

rp | Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. iii. § 3 (1873) 20 The disesteem- 
ing of those employments wherein cae isconversant, 1618 
Hist, P. Warbeck in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 80 Heroick 
c i ion of a di d prince. Woopreap 
St. Teresa t. xxxiv. 242 The undervaluing and disesteeming 
of all things in this life. 1860 Exucotr Life Our Lord ii. 
47_A rude and lone village.. Nazareth the disesteemed. 

Disestee'mer. [f. prec. + -ER!.] One who 
disesteems ; a despiser. 

1611 Corcr., Mespriseur, a disesteemer, contemner. 1650 
Baxter Saints’ R. 1. iv. (1662) 37, I the unworthy Dis- 


the disexercising and blunting our abilities. 

+ Disfai-r, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 8+ Fair a] 
trans. To deprive of fairness or beauty. 

Pos te Fevtnam Resolves 1. xxxvi. 118 Even the body is 
sta! - 

Disfaith (disféi-p). [f Dis- 94 Famed a. 
Want of faith; distrust, disbelief. b. Unfaithfulness. 

—_ Kincstey in Life § Lett. (1878) II. 340 Having a firm 
dis-faith in most English commentators. 1881 Man's Mistake 
II]. viii. 127 Her righteous anger against what she believed 
to be dis-faith on Keith Moriston’s part. 

a. Obs. rare—°, [D1s- 10.] 
Unfaithful, faithless, false. 

1530 Patscr. 305/2 Begyleful, disfaythfull, cautelleux. 

Disfame (disf@i'm), sb. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + 
Fame. In early use a. OF. des-, disfame, var. of 
def-, diffame: see Dir¥aME, Derame.] The op- 
posite of fame; disrepute, reproach; defamation. 

c1460 Play Sacram.791 Now ast put me from duresse 
& dysfame. 1620 WILKINSON Coroners & Sherifes 11 lf three 
men go together to make adisfame. 1859 Tennyson Merlin 
463 And what is Fame in life but half-disfi And it 
chan; ed with darkness? E 

+ ‘ame, v. Ols. [a. OF. des-, disfamer, 
var. of def-, diffamer: see DEFAME.] (trans. To 
deprive of fame or honour ; to bring into reproach 
or disrepute ; to defame. 

1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) LI vijb, 
Great peril it is for the honourable, to be with theim that 
be disfamed. 1gg50 J. Coxe Eng. & Fr. Heralds § 1 (1877) 

5 Perceyvynge the frenche heralde ..in all thynges de 
En gt is most noble realme. 
+Disfancy, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Fancy.] rans. The reverse of to fancy; to regard 
with disfavour; to Cislike. 

1657 Hammonn Pastor's Motto Wks. 1684 1V. es Ortho- 
dox and heretical .. are titles, that every man will yas 
he lists, the one to himself and his adherents, the other to 
all others that he disfancies. 

Disfashion (disfe'fan), v. [f Dis- 6 + Fasnyon 
v.: ef. obs. F. desfagonner to beat down, destroy, 
(14th c. in Godeev| frau. To mar or undo the 
fashion or shape of, to disfigure. (See FASHION v.) 

@ 1535 More /¥’ks. 99 (R.) Glotony. .disfigureth the face. . 
disfashioneth the ~ 8 > conte Treat. Warres 
lii. Poems (1633) 81 Their wealth, strength, glory growi 
from those va Which, to their ends, they ruine and dis- 
fashion. 188z Cur. Rossetti ares etc. 156 Shame Itself 
may be a glory and a grace, Refashioning the sin-disfash- 
ioned face. 1885 Mackai. Aeneid 146 Shapes of wolves .. 
whom with her potent herbs the deadly divine Circe had 
disfashioned, 

Disfavour, -or (disfé'va1), sb. [f. Dis- od 
Favour sd., prob. after obs. F. desfaveur ‘dis- 
fauor; want or losse of favour’ (Cotgr.); cf. It. 
disfavore ‘a disfauour’ (Florio), Sp. desfavor.] 

1. The reverse or yer of favour; unfavour- 
able ey dislike, discountenance, disapproval. 

21533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xix. (R.) Ye 
women .. with a littel disfauour Fn recouer great hatred. 

1535 CoverpaLe Prov. xix. 12 The kynges disfauoure is 
like y? roaringe of a Lyon. 1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 
vit. vi. § 12. 395 Robert Gemeticensis .. 5 the Cur- 
taine of disfauour betwixt Goodwin and King. 1665 
Wituer Lora’s Prayer 27 Not knowing how to please one 
of their faigned gods without incurring the disfavour of 
another. 1787 Bentnam Def. Usury Wks, 1843 IIL. 17 
The disfavour which attends the cause of the money-lender 
in his competition with the borrower. 1863 Loner. Way- 
side Inn u, Theol. T. vidi, At the gate the x were waiting 
.-Grown familiar with disfavor. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. 
Org. v. 169 The name of ‘professor’ will never lose its 
di until .. jiated g us with the dignity of 
a life devoted to science. 3 ae: P 

+ Qe An act or expression of dislike or ill will: 
the —— of a favour. Ods. 

x urelio & Isab. (1608) B, A thousand disfavours and 
a thousande woes. 1598 YonG Diana 277 When I..had so 
many disfauours of ingratefull Diana. @ 1631 Donne Serm. 
Ixxxiv. VI. 403, I never needed m: fr and 
disfavours to make her favours acceptable to me. 1647 
Crarenvon Hist, Reb, 1. (1843) 20/2 He might dispense 
favours and disfavours according to is own 4 

3. The condition of being unfavourably regarded. 
Hence /o e (dive, etc.) in disfavour, to bring, come, 
fall, etc. into djsfavour. es 

1581 Perris Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 53 Devising 
how to bring some Officer into the disfavour of his Prince. 
1600 Hoitann Livy xxvi. xl. 615 Hee was in br ie) 
and disfavour with Hanno. @ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 


DISFAVOUR. 


IIL. 281 This earl lost the love of king Charles, living many 
ears in his dis-favour. 1669 Perys Diary 7 Apr., Mr. 
‘den, who was in his mistress’s disfavour ever since the 

other night that he come in thither fuddled. 1849 Lewis 

Author. in Matters Opin. vi. § 11 (L.) The disfavour into 

which it [the government] may have fallen. 1858 CartyLe 

Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. 111. xix. 259 The poor young Prince.. 

had fallen into open disfavour. 

4. In (the) disfavour of, to the disfavour of: to 
the disadvantage of, so as to be unfavourable to. 

1590 SWINBURNE 7'est. ts 125 The disposition is thereby 
void: and that in disfauour of the testator. 1600 E. Blount 
tr. Conestaggio 99 He was not bounde to obey, if it were in 
his disfavour. 1710 SteELe 7atler No. 211 P 3 Acquaint- 
ance has been lost through a general Prepossession in his 
Disfavour. 1838 Dickens Nich, Nick. xxxiv, The first 
comparisons were drawn between us, always in my dis- 
favour. 1858 Froupe Hist. Eng. 111. 208 That actions of 
doubtful bearing should be construed to their disfavour. 

+5. Want of beauty ; ill-favouredness, disfigure- 
ment. Ods. [Cf. Disravour v. 2, Favour sé. 9. ] 

1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Dis/a y .. Disfigur 
Hence in Baitey. 1755 JoHNsoN, Disfavour .. 3. Want of 
beauty. Dict. 

Disfa-vour, -or, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Favour z.: 
cf. the sb.; also It. d¢sfavorire.] 

1. trans. To regard or treat with the reverse of 
favour or good will; to discountenance; to treat 
with disapprobation. 

1570 Bucuanan Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 27 Ye King 
having .. persavit his unfaythfull dealing evir disfauourit 
him. 1583 T. Watson Centurie of Loue xxxvi. (Arb.) 72 The 
heau’ns them selues disfauour mine intent. 1669 CLARENDON 
Ess. Tracts (1727) 97 Persons who are like to disfavour our 
pretences. a@1745 Swirt(J.), Might not those of .. nearer 
access to her majesty receive her own commands, and be 
countenanced or disfavoured according as they obey? 188 
Times 13 July 6/3 The railway company favours a town by 
giving preferential low rates, while the trade of another 
town is disfavoured by having higher rates. 1895 din. 
at 130 He disfavoured controversy. 

+b. To dislike. Ods. or dial. 

1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 175 Who it is thought 
doth disfavour them as much as <n ether doted on Ee 
1740 Dycue & Parvon, Disfavour, to dislike, to take a 
pique at, or bear a grudge to a person. 

+2. To mar the countenance or appearance of ; 
to disfigure ; to render ill-favoured. Oéds. 

1535 CoverDALE Ecclus. xiv. 6 There is no thinge worse, 
then whan one disfauoureth himself. 160r HoLtanp Péiny 
II. 163 It scoureth away freckles and such flecks as disfauor 
the face. 1607 Topsett Four-f Beasts (1658) 159 Their 
whole visages so disfigured and disfavoured in a moment 
that their neerest friends .. cannot know them. 

Hence Disfavoured ///. a. , 

1611 Cotar., Desfavorisé, disfauoured, out of fauour with. 
1865 Atheneum 23 Dec. 889/3 The unfavoured, or rather 
dist avoured, study of Sanscrit. 

+ Disfa'vourable, @. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 + 

Cf. It. disfavore- 


FAVOURABLE, after disfavour. 
vole.| Unfavourable ; adverse. 

1561 Stow Rich. // an. 1377 (R.) And manie other valient 
personages, who being entred the sea tasted fortune dis- 
fauourable. 

Hence + Disfa-vourably adv., Ods., with dis- 
favour ; unfavourably, adversely. 

1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. u. iv. § 4 (R.) These 
occurrences, which look so aversely to our reasons, and so 
disfavourably to our nature. 1806 J. Pytcnes in Monthly 
Mag. XX1. 386 Should it be disfavourably received, I shall 
support my disappointment with becoming resignation. 

‘a°vourer. vure. [f. DISFAvoUR v. + -ER !.] 
One who disfavours. 

@1626 Bacon (J.), Had it not been for four great dis- 

favourers of that voyage, the enterprize had succeeded. 

‘avourite, sd. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + Favour- 
ITE: cf. It. désfavorito.] One who is the opposite 
of a favourite; one regarded with disfavour. 

16rr Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. viii. (1632) 555 Kings 
brooke not to be braued by Subjects, nor is it wisedome 
for dis-fauourites to doe it. 1884 Daily News 30 Oct. 5/t 
He has his likes and dislikes, his favourites and his dis- 
favourites (if we may use the word). 

So +Disfa'vourite v. Obs. trans., to depose 
from the position of a favourite, cast out of favour. 

1624 Br. Mountracu Jnavoc. Saints 9 Aman that great 
Minion of the Persian Monarch, was disfavourited in 
a moment. 

- Disfeat, obs. var. DEFEAT. 

-Disfeature (disfrtiitu), v. [f. Dis- 7a ord+ 
FEaTuREsé, Cf. the parallel DeFEaTURE, and OF. 
deffaiturer.| trans. To mar the features of; to 
disfigure, deface. Hence Disfea'tured, Dis- 
featuring ///. adjs.; Disfea‘turement. ; 

1659 Lady Alimony u. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley XIV. 291 For 
fear she should disfeature the comeliness of her body. 1813 
Coterince Remorse ut. ii, The goodly face of Nature 
Hath one disfeaturing stain the less upon it. 187 Pat- 
crave Lyr. Poems 34 Through the streets they ran with 
flying hair, Disfeatured in their grief, 1879 J. Topnunrer 

dcestis 57 The ae of pale disfeaturing death, 1884 
H. S. Hotrann Good Friday Addr. 77 The horror .. of 
disfeaturement, of defilement, of impotence, to one Who 
was Himself Life. 1886 Sir F. H. Dove Remin. 275, 
I should be sorry to hear that it [that country] had been 
entirely disfeatured. 

: e‘llowship, sé. [f. Dis- 9 + FELLowsHIe 
sb] Want of or exclusion from fellowship. 

_ 1608 S, Hieron Defence 1. 7 Kneeling at the Lords feast 
is a cariage of abasement and inferiority, and such as im- 
porteth disfellowship with him. 1619 Denison Heav. Bang. 


447 
(1631) 323. 1882 A. Manan Autodbiog. xi. 242 The spirit of 


exclusion and disfellowship. 

Disfe'llowship, v. [Dis- 7¢.] ¢rans. To 
exclude from fellowship (chiefly, religious com- 
munion) ; to excommunicate. (Now U.S.) 

1849 Mormon Regul. in Frontier (lowa) Guard. 28 Nov. 
(Bartlett), No person that has been disfellowshipped, or 
excommunicated from the church, will be allowed [etc.]. 
1882 A. Manan Axtobiog. ix. 170 In all directions we were 
openly disfellowshipped. 1882-3 Scuarr Lncycl. Relig. 
Knowl, 1. 836 (Benj. Randall] was called to account for 
holding to an unlimited atonement and the freedom of the 
will, and was disfellowshipped. 1889 J. M. Wuiton in 
Chr. World Pulpit XXXVI. 139 On the strength of a few 
sentences .. the Calvinists of che last century disfellow- 
shipped the Wesleyans. 

Disfe'n, v. [f. Dis- 7b+FeEn 5b.] ¢rans. To 
deprive of the character of a fen; to make no 
longer fen-land. 

1881 E,W. Gosse in Excycl. Brit. X11, 62/1 The high 
fens, of which the greater part have been ‘disfenned’ or 
stripped of peat, are found in Groningen, Friesland. 

+ Disfe'rtile, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 8+ Ferrinea.] 
trans. To deprive of fertility; to make barren. 

1605 SytvresteR Du Bartas uu. iii. 1. Abraham 1347 
A broad standing Pool .. whose infectious breath Corrupts 
the Ayr, and Earth dis-fertileth. eC 

Disfe'ver, v. [f. Dis- 72+ FEVER sb.] trans. 
To free from fever ; to calm. 

1880 G. Merevitn 7rag. Com. xiv. (1892) 206 He stood 
.. disfevered by the limpid liquid tumult, inspirited by 
the glancing volumes of a force that knows no abatement. 

+ Disfi'gurate, a. Os. In 4-at. [ad. med. 
L. dis-, difiguratus (or It. disfigurato), pa. pple. of 
disfigurare: see DISFIGURE v.] Disfigured, de- 
formed, misshapen. 

¢1381 Cuaucer Parl. Foules 222 Disfigurat [MS. Cambr. 
Ff. 1. 6 (14..) disfygured] was she, I nyl nat lye. : 

Disfiguration (disfigitiré'-fan).  [n. of action 
from DIsFIGURE: see -ATION. Cf. DEFIGURATION 
and OF. desfiguration.] = DISFIGUREMENT. 


1653 GauDEN //ierasf. 237 We shall easily see the face of | 


the holy Ministry. .restored, without any Disfiguration or 
Essentiall change. a 1713 Suarress. Misced/. u1. ili. (Seager) 
Prostrations, disfigurations, wry faces, beggarly tones. 
1800 Med. Frul. 111. 101, 1 have seen no disfiguration of 
the skin from this variety of cow-pock. 1881 JEFFERIES 
Wood Magic Il. vii. 195 The prince, full of ambition .. 
submitted to these disfigurations. 

Disfi'gurative, a rare. [f. Disricure v, 
+ -ATIVE.] Having a disfiguring tendency. 

1823 Examiner 452/2 You perceive in his left eye a very 
strong disfigurative cast. 

figure (disfirgiiir), v. Also 5 dysfyger, 
-fygure, -fegoure, 5-6 disfygure, dysfigure, 6 
disfygour, desfigure. [ad. OF. desfigurer (mod. 
F. dé-) = Pr. and Sp. desfigurar, It. disfigurare, 
med.L. difigurare in Laws of Lombards (Du 
Cange), a Common Romanic vb. f. L. dés- + figura 
agetes caer to figure. See also DEFIGURE.] 
. trans. To mar the figure or appearance of, 
destroy the beauty of ; to deform, detace. 

1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 11. 174 (223) What lyst yow bus 
your self to disfigure. ¢1386 — Pard. Prol. & T. 223 
O dronke man, disfigured is thy face. a1450 Kut. de la 
Tour (1868) 25 She had her nose croked, the whiche shent 
and dysfigured her visage. 1526-34 Tinpace AZatt. vi. 16 
‘They desfigure their faces, that they myght be sene of men 
how they faste. 1590 Suaks. Com. Err. v. i. 183 To scorch 

your face, and to disfigure you. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1 521 
isfiguring not Gods likeness, but thirown. 1794 SULLIVAN 
View Nat. 1. 195 The least smoke would disfigure the rich 
landscape. 1889 Froupe Chte/s of Dunboy v. 55 His face.. 
. had been disfigured by a sabre cut. 
b. fig. To mar or destroy the beauty or natural 
form of (something immaterial). 

1799 S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (1836) I. mt. iii, 168 The 
authentic actions of Arthur have been so disfigured by the 
additions of the minstrels. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. II. 
111 Their diction was disfigured by foreign idioms. 1867 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. vi. 433 Occasional acts of 
both craft and violence disfigure the whole of his career. 

+ ¢. To misrepresent injuriously. Ods. 

a J. Suute Fudgem. §& Mercy (1645) 145 How ever 
some detracters dis-figured him to his Prince, he never 
spake of him without reverence. 

+ 2. To alter the figure or appearance of ; to dis- 
guise. Obs. 

201370 K. Robt. Cicyle in Halliw. Nuga Poet. 55 Noman 
myght hym not knowe, He was so dysfygerde in a throwe. 
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W, 2046 Ariadne, And me so wel 
distigure .. That ., ther shal no man me knowe. c 1450 
Merlin 74 May this be true, thatoo man may hym-self thus 
disfigure? 1594 Biunpevit Exerc. vit. (ed. 7) 757, The 
crookednesse of the Meridians, which. .do so much disfigure 
..the true shape of the Regions, as they can scant be known. 
1665 Hooke Microgr. 217 ‘Ihe Sun and Moon neer the 
Horizon, are disfigur'd. 1713 Appison Ca/o 1v. ii, Dis- 
figur’d in a vile Numidian dress, and for a worthless woman. 

+8. The technical expression for: To carve (a 
peacock). Ods. 7 

¢ 1470 in Hors, Shepe & G. etc. (Caxton 1479, Roxb. repr.) 3 
A crane displayd A pecok disfigured A curlew anioyntek 
1513 Bk. Keruing Ajin Badees Bk. 265 Disfigure that 
pecocke. 1706 Puitiips (ed. Kerse ), Disfigure that Pea- 
cock, i. e. Cut it up, a Term usd in Canine at Table. 

+4. intr. To lose its figure, become misshapen. 

@ 1618 SyLvesTER Quadrains of Pibrac xxxix, The right 
Cube’s Figure .. Whose quadrat flatnesse never doth dis- 


figure. 


DISFOREST. 


Hence Disfi'guring v/. sb. and ff/. a. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 271 Without ony great 
disfyguryng of the body. @1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 
161 In our fastings, there are disfigurings. 1648 Boyle 
Seraph. Love (1660) 3 By indistinct or disfiguring consider- 
ations. 1775 Han. More Let. in W. Roberts A/ez. (1834) 
I. 52 Binal nox: .cannot be a more disfiguring disease than 
the present mode of dressing. 1895 Atheneum 27 Apr. 
532/3 The most disfiguring blemish is the way in which 
names are rendered. 

+ Disfigure, 52. Os. [f. prec. vb.]  Dis- 
figurement. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer IVife's 7. 104 He [Midas] preyde hire that 
to no creature She sholde tellen of his disfigure. 1590 
Humble Motion with Submission 25 Nosmall disfigure vnto 
Christs church. 1697 R. Peirce Bath Ment, 1. vii. 181 It 
was no small Disfigure to him. 

Disfigured (disfi'gitisd), Ap2. a. [f- Disricure 
v. + -ED!.] Defaced, disguised, etc.; see the vb. 
Hence Disfi'guredness, 

14.. [see DisFicuraTE]. 1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus s.v. 
Prauitas, Notable deformities in disfigured partes of the 
body. /6z/. Deforinitie and disfigurednesse or crookednesse. 
1598 F'Lorio, Sfigurato, formelesse, shapelesse, disfigured. 
eae Soutuey Zale of Paraguay i. 27 Strangely disfigured 
truths. 

Disfi'gurement. [f. Disricure v.+-MENT: 
cf. OF. deffigureement, later défigurement (Cotgr.).] 

1. The action of disfiguring ; the fact or condition 
of being disfigured ; defacement, deformity. 

1634 Mitton Comus 74 And they..Not once perceive their 
foul disfigurement. 1756-7 tr. Aeysler’s Trav. (1760) Il. 49 
‘The Carmelite church is not cieled, the rafters. . being quite 
uncovered; but this disfigurement is abundantly compen- 
sated by the beauty and splendor of it in other parts. 
1807-26 S. Cooper /irst Lines Surg. 359 The disease creates 
both great irritation and disfigurement. 1879 M. Arnotp 
Irish Cath, Mixed Ess. 115 Their vain disfigurements of 
the Christian Religion. 

2. Something that disfigures (by its presence or 
addition) ; a deformity, defacement, blemish. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851) 129 The scaffolding .. 
would be but a troublesome disfigurement, so soone as the 
building was finisht. 1752 Hume Zss. xx. (R.), Pointed 
similes, and epigrammatic turns, especially when they recur 
too frequently, are a disfigurement rather than any embel- 
lishment of discourse. 1856 STANLEY Sivad & Pad. ili. (1858) 
179 This mass of rock must always have been an essential 
feature or a strange disfigurement of the ‘Temple area. 1874 
MIcKLETHWAN Vod. Par. Churches 175 A dial is not 
necessarily a disfigurement to a tower. 

Disfi‘gurer. [f. as prec. + -Er1!.] One who 
or that which disfigures. 

1775 Han. More Let. in W. Roberts Mes. (1834) I. 51, 
I have just escaped from one of the most fashionable dis- 
figurers, and, though I charged him to dress me with the 
greatest simplicity, I absolutely blush at myself. 1823 W. 
‘Taycor in Mfonthly Rev. Cll. 542 Some disfigurer of history. 
1873 M. Arnotp Lit. & Dogma (1876) 120 A defacer and dis- 
figurer of moral treasures which were once in better keeping. 

+ Disfinger, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7c + Fincer 
sb.] trans. Yo let out of the fingers; to part with. 

a 1652 Brome Covent Gand, 111. Wks. 1873 II. 36 Never to 
look for money again, once disfinger’d. 

+ Disfi't, v. Ods. [f. Dis-6 or 8+ Fiz v. or a.] 
trans. To render unfit; to unfit. 

1669 Pu. Henry Diarics & Lett. (1882) 218 His Age dis- 
fitting him for service. a1714 M. Henry IVs, (1835) I. 107 
It disfits you for communion with God. /ézd. 1. 400 By 
their intemperance... [they] disfit themselves for the service 


of God. 

Disflesh, v. [f. Dis- 7a+Fiesusé.] ¢rans. 
a. To deprive of flesh. b. To free from the flesh, 
disembody. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. IV. xxv. 201 The best is not to run, 
that the lean strain not himself..nor the fat man disflesh 
himself. 1865 Swinsurne Atalanta 17 As one on earth 
disfleshed and disallied From breath or ead corruptible. 

+ Disflowrish, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 6 + FLourisu 
v.] itr, To wither, fade away. 

1640 O. Sepewicke Christs Counsell 10 His hand may 
shrivell and disflourish. 

Disflow'er, v. [f. Dis- 72+ Fiowers/. Cf. 
deflower.) trans, a. To deprive or strip of flowers. 
b. To ruin or destroy as a flower. Hence Dis- 
flowered /#/. a. 

1606 SytvesterR Du Bartas u. iv. u. Trophies 1238 Our 
dis-flowred Trees, our Fields Hail-torn. @ 1618 — Sed/e- 
civil-War 165 A fruitless Fruit, a dry dis-flowered Flower. 
1892 /dler Feb. 20 What tree.. Of its beauty then dis- 
flowered. 

Disfoliaged : see Dis- 7 a. 

Disforest (disfy'rést), v. Also 7 disforrest. 
[ad. OF. desforester, f. des- = Dis- 4 + Forest. 
Cf. the synonymous DeForest, DE-AFFOREST, DIs- 
AFFOREST, med.L. deafforestare, disafforestare.] 

1. trans. =DISAFFOREST I. 

1goz ArNoLDE Chron. (1811) 208 Yf any wood other than 
y? lordis wood..be aforestid, to y° hurte of hym of whom 
y? wood were, it shalbe disforestid. 1542-3 Act 34-5 
Hen. VIII, c. 2t Disparked, disforested or destroied. 16x 
Speen Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xix. 60 [He] disforrested the great 
Field of Wichwood, which King Edward his Brother had 
inclosed for his game. 1726 AYLIFFE Pavergon 217 (L.) The 
Archbishop of Dublin was fined three hundred marks for 
disforesting a forest belonging to his archbishoprick. 1860 
Trotiore Framley P. i. 17 The forest will be disforested. 

b. fig. 

1624 Br. Hatt Peace-maker Wks. (1625) 537 The great 

King of Heauen will disforest that peece of the World which 


DISFORESTATION. 


hee calls his Church, and ny it to tillage. 2829 Sourney 
Sir 7. More 11. 338 My old haunts as a book-hunter in the 
metropolis were disforested, to make room for the improve- 
ments between Westminster and Oxford Road. 

2. To clear of forests or trees, 

@1668 Davenant Anglesey Wks. (1673) 288 Or did her 
voyce .. Make all the Trees dance after her, And so your 
Woods disforrested? 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 180 The 
ses axe ..accompanied the sword.. till the island 
became almost disforested. R. F. Burton Gorilla L. 
II. 275 These bush-burnings have .. disforested the land. 

Hence Disfo vol. sb.; Disforesta*tion. 

1613-8 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 167 The allowance 
of what disforrestation had heeretofore beene made was 
earnestly vrged. 1862 QO. Rev. Apr. 289 Before the dis- 
foresting of Cranborne Chace. 1870 H. Macmitian Bible 
Teach. iv. 70 Palestine has become a parched and sterile 
land, on account of the disforesting of its mountains, 

+ Disfo'rm, a. Ods. [Variant of Dirror a.] 
Not in conformity : the opposite of ConFrorM a. 

1656 Artif Handsom. 171 The .. rule of all humane 
actions..is the mind and end of the doer, either conforme 
or disforme to the holy revealed will of God. 

{| In this and the following words dis/ (di//) is probably 
sometimes a misprint for dif, 

Disform (disff-im), v. rare. [f. Dis- + Form 
v.: cf. the earlier parallel formations Dirror, 
DerorM, of Romanic origin.] 

+1. trans. To mar the form, character, or con- 
dition of ; to deform, disfigure, deface. Ods. 

1§27 Lydgate's Bochas vu. (1554) 171 b, We be disfourmed 
(MS. Hari. 1766, \f. 175, dyfformyd] in certeyn. 1557 
Paynev Larclay’s fugurth 11 b, Now disformed by miserable 
calamite, poore and needy. 1623 tr. Kavine’s Theat. Hon. 
111, ii. 334 Disformed by abuse and Simonie. 1658 A. Fox 
Wurtz’ Surg. ui. xviil. 279 The blister .. maketh still the 
wound disformed, so that it groweth brown. 

2. To change or alter the form of, put out of 
shape, b, zr. (for ref.) To lose or alter its 
form or arrangement. rave. 

1868 GLapstone ¥uv. Mundi viii. (1870) 304 They seem 
to form, disform, and re-form before us, like the squares 
of coloured glass in the kaleidoscope. 1890 Sat. Kez. 
15 Mar. 326/1 A .. verb éxrvméw, to difform or disform, and 
a.. substantive, ¢«r¥mwua, disformation or alteration. 

+ Disformate, @. Obs. rare.  [ad. med.L. 
disformat-us, pa. pple. of dtsformare (for cl.L. az- 

Jormare): cf. It. dtsformare, OF. desformé de- 
formed.] Deformed, disfigured. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 219 a/2 It is 
better for me to walke.. bare hede and all dysformate. 

Disforma‘tion. vare. [n. of action from 
Disrorm v, 2.] Alteration of shape, deformation. 

1890 [see Disror™ 7. 2]. 

+ Disfo'rmed, #//. a. Obs. rare. [f. Disrorm 
v. or OF. desformé + -ED.] a. Deformed, mis- 
shapen. b. Of different form: = D1rFoRMED, 

rsgr Percivart SP. Dict. Disforme, disformed [Minsheu 
(1623) deformed], disagreeing in shape, Deforntis. 1644 
Dicsy Nat, Bodies (1645) 1. 405 Another childe .. borne 
disformed, in such sort as Divels are painted. 

+ Disforrmity. O¢s. rare. [Variant of Dir- 
ForMITY ; cf. DisFoRM.] a, =DEFoRMITY (quot. 
1494). b. Want of conformity : =Dirrormiry. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vt. clix. 149 [They] chase rather to 
dye than to lyue in pryson with yt dysformyte. 1600 F. 
Wacker Sp. Aandewille 21 b, The bones of Orestes. . being 
measured, were 7 cubits long..and yet this is no great dis- 
formity in respect of that which followeth, 

+ Disforrtune. Oés.rare. [ad. OF. desfortune, 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + fortune ForTUNE.] Adverse for- 
tune, misfortune. 

@ 1529 Sketton Be. 3 Foles, These enuious neuer laughe 
but .. at the disfortune of some body. 1856 Aurelio & /sab. 
(1608) N iv, Wyse men unto their ennemys oughte to keape 
their disfortunes cloase. 1592 Bacon Confer. Pleasure (1870) 
5 A.. griefe wt ariseth .. of .. y* accesse of a disfortune. 

+ Disfra‘me, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + FRr&ME v.] 
trans. To destroy the frame, form, or system of ; 
to undo the framing of, = out of order, derange. 

c16ag Layton Syons Plea Ep. Ded., Our disframed and 
distempered State, from Head to Foote is all but one sore. 
1644 Quartes Barnabas § B. 314, 1, the work of thine. own 
hands, but wholly disframed by mine own corruptions. 

Disfranchise (disfra-ntfiz, -aiz),v. Also 5-6 
disfraun-. [f. Dis- 6+ FRANCHISE v.: probably 
representing an AF. des-, disfranchir, -franchiser, 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + franchir, franchiss-, and fran- 
chiser. Cf. the synonymous DISENFRANCHISE, 

For pronunciation see note to ENFRANCHISE. ] » 

trans, To deprive of the rights and privileges of 
a free citizen of a eos ag city, or country, or of 
some franchise previously enjoyed. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 45 How a citezen shalle be dis- 
fraunchised. 1538 in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford 
(1880) 132 He.,shalbe dysfranchesed opynly at Carfox. 1542 
Fabyan's Chron. vit. 695 In y* sayd mayrs tyme, Sir Wylliam 
Fitz-William (was) disfraunchysed, because he wolde not be 
shyryfe. 1638 in aap ee gery Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 126 
Hath .. beene disfranchised of his freedome of the same 
towne, 1673 Baxter Let. in Answ. Dodwell 86 An Emperor 
might, .depose all the —— by st the Cities, 
1765 Biackstone Comm. 1, 484 Any particular member 
may be disfranchised, or lose his place in the corporation, 
by acting contrary to the laws of the society, or the laws of 
the land. x Ruskin Lect. Art i. 29 They are no more 
to consider themselves therefore disfranchised from their 
native land than the sailors of her fleets do. 


448 


b. esp. To deprive (a place, etc.) of the right 
of returning parliamentary or other tatives; 
to deprive (persons) of the right of voting in par- 
liamentary, municipal, or other elections. 

1 Lurreett Brief Rel. (2857) V. 241 The commons 
ordered a bill to be brought in to disfranchize that h. 
1772 Funius Lett. \xix. 361, 1 question the power .. of the 
legislature to disfranchise a number of boroughs. 184 
Spatpine /taly & /t. Jsi. U1. 55 This system boldly shook 
off democracy ; for the citizens at were disfranchised. 


1862 Lo. Broucuam Brit. Const, viii. 100 The decayed © 


ey h 


burghs were disfr d, and their 's given to the 
counties, 1876 Bancrort Hist. U.S. 1. xx. 548 The elective 
franchise was restored to the freemen whom the previous 
assembly had disfranchised. : 

ce. transf.and fig. To deprive of or exclude from 
anything viewed as a privilege or right. 

1581 q Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 498 We are not so 
mynded ..as to seeke to disfraunchise you of your froward, 
malapert sawcinesse. 1585-7 T. Roorrs 39 Art. (1607) 311 
A prince contemning the censures of the church, is to 
disfranchised out of the church. 1 Warsurton Div. 
Legat, 1. xliv. Ded., Disfranchized of the Rights you have 
so wantonly and wickedly abused. 1846 Grote Greece 1. 
xvi. I. 567 Oracles which had once been inspired became 
after a time forsaken and disfranchised. 

Hence Disfra*nchised ///. a., Disfranchising 
vbl. sb. and Ppl. a. 

1467 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 378 Vppon ps of euerych of 
them of disfraunchesynge. 1646 J. Hatt Hore I’ac. 13 
Wise men are timerous in the disfranchishing of their judge- 
ment. 19778 Funius Lett. \xix. 361 The disfranchising of 
boroughs .. I consider as equivalent to robbing the parties 
of their freehold. 1865 Cornh. Mag. Aug. 166 The disfran- 
chised agent challenged his disfranchiser. 1870 Daily News 
28 Dec., The disfranchising effect of the cumulative vote. 

Disfranchisement (disfracntfizmént).  [f. 
prec. +-MENT: cf. the parallel franchisement, af-, 
en-franchisement.| The action of disfranchising 
or fact of being disfranchised ; deprivation of the 
privileges of a free citizen, especially of that of 
yoting at the election of members of the legisla- 
ture. 

1623 CockeraM, Disf/ranchisement, a taking away of ones 
freedome. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 50 Such usurpations 
are the .. disfranchisements of Freedome. 1766 Sir J 
Burrow Reforts I. 525 (Jod.) In Yates's case it is said there 
must be a custom, or a statute to warrant disfranchisement. 
1825 Syp. Smitu Sf. Wks. 1859 II. 211/2 These very same 
politicians are now looking in an agony of terror at the dis- 
franchisement of Corporations containing twenty or thirty 
persons, sold to their representatives. 1877 Mrs. OLIPHANT 
Makers Flor. ii. 33 The revenge taken .. was no less than 
the complete disfranchisement of the Florentine nobility. 

snchiser. [f. DIsFRANCHISE v. + -ER}.] 
One who or that which disfranchises. 

1861 Working Men's Coll. Mag.111. 46 Improvidence and 
intemperance. .are the wholesale disfranchisers of the great 
‘unrepresented’ class. 1865 [see DisrRaNcuiseD). 

+ Disfra‘nge, v. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. Dis- 1 
+ L. frang-ére to break. (The L. compound was 
diffringere.)| trans. To break in pieces. 

1778 Artuorre Preval. Chr. 254 Broken columns and dis- 
franged marbles. 

+ snk, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7¢+ 
Frank 56, pig-sty, boar-stall.] ¢rans. ‘To set 
free from the /rax&, or place in which an animal 
was confined for feeding’ (Nares). 

is Hist. Albino & Bellama 131 (N.) Intending to dis- 
frank an ore-growne boare. 

+ Disfrau‘ght, v. Obs. rare. f. Dis- 7a 
+ Fravueut 9d, cargo, load.) ¢rans. To unload. 
1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 158 Having disfraughted 


unloaded his luggage. 
. Dis- 6 + Fre- 


+ Disfreque'nt, v. Obs. 
QuENT v.] ¢vans. To cease to frequent or attend. 

1646 GauLe Cases Consc. 82 Noted for long dis-frequenting 
and neglecting the Church. 1666 G. Atsor Maryland (1869) 
41 The Hogs .. do disfrequent home more than the rest of 
Creatures that are look’d upon as tame. < 

Hence + Disfreque-nter, one who disuses. 
cw ad Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer 16 Mar. 453 The 
Disfrequenters of the Gowne shall put it on againe. 
+Disfri‘ar, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7b + Frran.] 
trans, To deprive of the order of a friar; refi. 
to divest oneself of friar’s orders. 

1599 Sanpys Europa Sec. (1632) 22 Over great severitie 
would cause a great number to disfrier themselves. 
Futter Holy War vy. vi. (1647) 238 Many did quickly un- 
nunne and disfriar themselves. 

+ Disfriendship. Ots. 
sHiv.] The opposite of frien 
enmity, disaffection. 

Se. fe iP 7V’(1597)$ 40 Swa that it make na mair 
trouble nor dis-freindship amangst the Kings lieges. 
Fenton Guicciard. 1. 107 They pretended to haue no dis- 
friendship with him. 16g2 Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio's 
Histor. Rel. 41 They have no occasion of friendship or 
disfriendship with the King of Polonia. 

"ck, v. [f. Dis- + Frock sd.: cf. OF. 
des-, deffroguer, and DeFRock.] ¢rans. To deprive 
of the clerical garb, and hence of the clerical 
character; to unfrock, Hence Disfro*cked 


f. Dis- 9 + FRrenp- 
ip ; unfriendliness, 


Ppl. a. . 


1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. II. 1. i. (1872) 4 Disfrocked Chabot 
adjures Heaven that at least we may ‘have done with 
Kings’. 1856 Froupve Hist. Eng. 11. 29 The continent was 
covered with disfrocked monks. x + James American 
309 If the abbé is disfrocked for his in it. 


DISGARNISH. 


Disfulfi'l, v. xonce-wd. [Dis-6.] trans. To 

do the opposite of fulfilling; not to fulfil. Hence 
1818 Seen Chere Ei Should i 

be disfulfilled, then or pong Paul 28 Hes <i 

would have been disfulfiiled ; but. .his purposes would 

ve been fulfilled. /éid., The disfulfilment would indeed 


take place. ‘ 

+ Disfu-lze, v. Sc. Obs. [a. OF. desfucille-r, 
deff-, mod.F. défeutller, {. des-, Dis- + feuille \eaf.] 
trans. To strip of leaves: =DerromL v.!, Dero- 
LIATE v. ‘ 

¢1375 Barsour 77oy-bk, 11. 1652 And had pe treis dis- 
pulzeit Of pare faire flouris and disful3eit. ' 

Disfu v. [ad. OF. desfourniss-, ex- 
tended stem of desfournir, also deff-, défournir, f. 
des-, Dis- 4 + fournir to Furnisu.] trans, To 
deprive or divest of that wherewith it is furnished ; 
to strip of furniture or belongings; to render de- 
stitute (of). 

153t Exyor Gov. u. vii. (1883) 75 Whan the emperour 
shall be disfurnisshed of seruauntes. 1577 Fenton Gold. 
Epist. 183 He hath disfurnished them of their principal 
weapons. 159% Suaks. 7%wo Gent. 1. i. 14 My riches, are 
these poore habiliments, Of which, if you should here dis- 
furnish me, You take the sum and substance that I haue. 
1649 Rozerts Clavis Bibl. 249 Disfurnishing the Temple of 
utensils, 1732 Neat //ist. Purit. I. 222 The risk the 
University would run of being disfurnished of students. 5 <4 
Ricuarvson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VIII. 432 Her closet, 


chamber, her cabinet, given up to me to disfurnish, 1887 
Lowett Democr. 203 The Indians showed a far ter 
natural predisposition for disfurnishing the outside of other 


people's heads than for furnishing the insides of their own. 

Hence Disfu'rnished ///. a., Disfurnishing 
vol. sb. 

1577 Gascoicne Wks. (1587) 204 Though his absence 
were ies hir a disfurnishing of eloquence. 1670 CoTTon 
Espernont.u. 46 To succour a weak, and disfurnish'd Prince, 
against an armed and prevailing Subject. 1 SouTHey 
Lett, (1856) 1. 73, I seize a leisure minute, and a disfurnished 
room..to write to you. 1857 H. Micter Zest. Rocks vii. 
270 The disfurnished earth was peopled anew. 

isfu'rnishment. [f. prec. + -ment.] The ac- 
tion of disfurnishing, or fact of being disfurnished. 

1603 Breton Dign. or Ind. Man 202 For his Disfurnish- 
ment of Defence, his Defenders are provided. 1613-18 
Dantrx Coll, ist. Eng. (1626) 28 [He] withdrawes all cattle 
and prouisions .. for their owne store, and disfurnishment 
of the enemie. 1820 Lams Elia Ser. 1. Two Races of Men, 
Thus, furnished by the very act of disfurnishment ; getting 
rid of the cumbersome luggage of riches. 

Disfu'rni Obs. [f. Dis- 9 + Furnt- 
TURE.) - The act of disfurnishing ; removal, depriva- 
tion; disfurnishment. 

1565 Act 8 Eliz. c. 11 § 1 The Disfurniture of Service to 
be done to the Queen’s Majesty. W. Mountacue 
Devout Ess. u. viii. § 3 (R.) We may..with much ease bear 
the disfurniture of such transitory moveables. 

+ Disga'ge, v. Ods. [a. 16th c. F. desgager 
‘to vngage, disingage’ (Cotgr.), OF. desguagzer, 
mod.F. dégager, f. des-, Dis- 4 + gager to engage, 
pledge, wager.] ¢rans. To release from pledge or 
pawn ; to set free, er 8. 

1594 Kyp Cornelia ut, in . Dodsley V. 209 But when 
our soul the body hath disgag'd, It seeks the common ge 
of the dead. 1603 Hottanp //utarch's Mor. 232(R.) Those 
who had lever lay to gage and pawn their goods .. then 
to sell up all and disgage themselves at once. 

‘Mant, . Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 8 + 
Gatant a.) trans. To strip or deprive of gal- 
lantry or courage; to discourage, dispirit. == 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. m1. i, Sir, let not this dis- 
countenance or dis-gallant you a whit. 1640 GLArTHoRNE 
Ladies Privil, 1. s. (1874) IL. 97, 1 would not have.. 
the least Pimple in her countenance discompos'd, it does 
Disgallant a whole beauty. 

(dis\dgzé''l), v. Obs. rare, [f. Dis- 7b 
+Gaot sb.] trans. To divest of the character or 


nature of a gaol. 
1847 Dicces Unlaw/. Taking Arms § 4. 160 He will con- 
tribute His utmost endeavours, that His owne Castles..may 


be disgaoled. 
‘rhage, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7a 


+ GArBAGe.] “vans. To deprive of the entrails ; 
to disembowel. Hence + Disga‘rbaging v?/. si. 

1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger piel he winter time they 
are excellent, so they be fat and quickely roasted, without 
disgarbaging of them. 

t rboil, v. Obs. ff Dis- 5 + GARBOIL 
taken in sense ‘ disbowel’, perh. through confusion 
with garbage: cf. Jee trans. To disbowel. 

deny plat Pat. Pleas. (1575) U1. Pref., Aristotimvs dis- 
grees the intralles of Tiranny. 1599 Broughton's Lett. 
ii. 13 Which sacrifice you could neuer yet offer. .till you .. 
disgarboyle your selfe of those corrupt affections. 

(disga-sland), v. ie Dis- 7a + 
GaRLAnD sé.]  ¢rvans. To divest of a garland or 
garlands. ence Disga‘rlanding vé/. sé. 

1616 Drumm, or Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 12 O Pan .. 
Forsake thy pipe, a scepter take to thee, Thy locks disgar- 
land, thou ek ders Il be. 1879 G. Merepitn Fgoist 
II. 315 Good was to the disgarlanding of 


themselves thus far. 

(disgi-mif), v. [a. OF. (Gan ede 
extended stem of desgarnir, - zr (11th c, in 
Piligarny, £ 


Hatz.-Darm,), mod.F. dégarntr, f. des-, DES- 4 + 
garnir to GARNISH.) . 


DISGARNISHED. 


trans. To deprive of that which garnishes or 
furnishes; to strip of garnishment, disfurnish, de- 
spoil. 

Ogi ilerlin 291 Thei wolde not disgarnyssh the londe of 
peple. 148x Caxton A/yrr. ut. xxi, 181 Synne .. is voyde 
and disgarnysshed of all goodnes, 1530 Parser. 519/1 ‘This 
house is disgarnysshed, me thynke, now he is gone. 1 
Barret Theor. Warres v. i. 148 Whosoeuer is found dis- 

rnished of his Armes. 1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Hist. 

‘as. I, Wks. (1711) 2 If it should fall forth. .that this prince 

usurpers and rebels were disgarnished of his own crown. 
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. |x. (1663) 247 The Scaffold 
was disgarnished of all the richest pieces about it. 183 
Sir W. Naren Penins. War x1. viii. (Rtldg.) 11. 125 The 
front .. was .. disgarnished of troops. 1868 Hotme LEE 
B. Godfrey xxvi. 137 The small sleeping-closets .. had been 
disgarnished. . 

Peace Disga‘rnished ///. a.; -ing vd/. sd. 

48. Caxton G. dela Tour Aj, Vhey ben yonge and litil 
an Srmgucnyeihio’ of all wytte and reson. 1523 Lp. Brr- 
ners Froiss. 1. ccclxxvi. 626 Whan they were come to this 

ssage..they founde it nat disgarnished, 1812 Edin. Rev. 

X. 249 For the disgarnishing of idolatrous houses, 

Disga‘rrison, v. Obs. or arch. [f. Dis- 7a 
+ Garrison 56.) trans. To deprive of a garrison. 

1594 J. Dickenson A visbas (1878) 42 The .. discouerers of 
my desire, disgarisond my thoughts of wonted fancies. 
1647 Sin T. Fairrax Let, in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 
App. v. 3, I have thought fit to give order to Major Mark- 
ham to remove the forces from Belvoir and to disgarrison 
the place. 1691 Woop 4/¢A. O-ron. Il. 298 When Winchester 
Castle was > cachet it was given to him. 1879 Q. Rev. 
No. 295. 171 Next year the castle was disgarrisoned. 

Disgavel (disge'vél),v. Law. [f. Dis- 7a+ 
gavel (GAVELKIND) sb.] trans. To relieve or 
exempt from the tenure of gavelkind. Hence 
Disga‘velling vé/. sd. and pf/. a. 

1683 SiperFin Ref. 1. 137 Les primer Statutes de Disgavel- 
ing come Wiats Stat.15 H.8. 1741 T. Roninson Gavel 
kind i. 6 Before the Time of the disgavelling Statute. 1767 
Bviackstone Com, II. 85 By statute 31 Hen. VIII. c. 3. for 
disgavelling the lands of divers lords and gentlemen in the 
county of Kent, they are directed to be descendible for the 
future like other lands, which were never holden by service 
of socage. 1875 BLackmore Alice Lorraine I. xv. 151 ‘The 
land had been disgavelled. 1881 19/4 Cent. Aug. 298 Not- 
withstanding the disgavelling of many estates ,, the area 
subject to the operation of the law is still large. 

Disgeneral, Disgenius: sce Dis- 7 a, 9. 

Disgeneric, a. [Dis- 10] Of differen. 
genera: the opposite of congeneric, 

In recent Dicts. 

Disgest, -gestion: see Dicrst, D1cEsTIon. 

+ Disge’ntilize, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
GENTILIZE.] ¢vans, To deprive of gentle rank. 

1621 Court §& T. ¥as. J (1849) 11. 242 Some say he shall.. 
be ite disknighted and disgentilised for ever. 

+ Disghi'belline, v. Obs, nonce-wd. [Dis- 
7 b.] ‘vans, To distinguish, as a Guelph from 
a Ghibelline. 

1672 Marvett Reh. Transf. 1. 299 In their conversation 
they thought fit to take some more license the better to dis- 
Ghibeline themselves from the Puritans, 

Disgig v.: see Dis- 7 a. 

+ Disgird, v. O%s. [f. Dis- 6 + Grrp v.] 
trans. ‘Yo strip of that which girds ;' to ungird. 

1610 HoLtanp Camden's Brit. 1.780 Afterwards disgirded 
of his militarie Belt. 

Disgise, etc., obs. form of Discuise, etc. 


+ Disglorify, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Gtoriry v.] ‘rans, To deprive of glory; to treat 
with dishonour, 

1577 Der Relat, Spir. 1. (1659) 64 Angels .. in state dis. 

lorified and drent in confusion, 1671 MILTon Samson 442 

is; lorified, blasphem’d and had in scorn, 

+Disglory. O¢s. [f. Dis- 9 + Guory sé.] 
The opposite of glory: dishonour, 

1547-64 BauLpwin Mor, Philos. (Palfr.) u.ii, What greater 
ground of disglory? What greater occasion of dishonour ? 
1577 NortHsrookE Dicing (1843) 20 How can you say that 
you are gathered togither in Christes name, when you doe 
all things to the disglorie thereof. 

+ Bisglorse, v. Obs. rare. [f. Drs- 5 + glose, 
GtozE v.] To beguile or deceive thoroughly, 

1565 Darius (1860) 23 Surely my eyes do dysglose If yonder 
I do not see hym commynge. 

+Disglo’ss,v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 7a + Goss 
5b.) trans. To deprive of gloss or sheen. 

1562 Puarr neid. 1x. Ddj, Stones with bumpes his 
plates disglosse. 

glut, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Gur v.] trans. 
To empty of its contents. 

1800 Hurpis Fav. Village 100 The sportsman’s tube, dis- 
glutted o'er the lake, Pours a long echo. 

Disglu‘tinate, v, rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Guurin- 
ATEV.| trans. To unglue, DEGLUTINATE. 

1870 C. J. Smitn Syu.§ Antonyms, Agglutinate, Antonym 


«Resolve, Disglutinate. 

Disgo'dded, //. a. rare. [f. Dis- 7+Gop+ 
Poe Deprived of godhead or divinity; ungod- 

ike. 

1877 Buackte Wise Men 36 Leaving For the bright smile 
that warms the face o’ the world A bald, disgodded, light- 
less, loveless grey ! 

‘olf, obs. form of DiseuLr v, 

Disgood : see Dis- 8. 

[Disgore, spurious word in Ash, etc,: see Dis- 
GORGE 3.] 

Vor, III. 


‘the 


449. 


Disgorge (disg#1dz), v. [ad. OF. desgorger 
(mod... dégorger, whence DeGorGe), f. des-, Dis- 
4+ gorge throat, GorGE: cf. It. (dz)sgorgare.] 

1. ¢vans. To eject or throw out from, or as from, 
the gorge or throat ; to vomit forth (what has been 
swallowed). 

¢ 1477 Caxton Yason75 The which thre bestes so dredefull 
disgorged and caste out fyre of their throtes. 1601 HoLLAND 
Piiny 1. 307 [Rats] swallow. .them whole downe the gullet, 
and afterwards straine and struggle .. vntill they disgorge 
again the feathers and bones that were in their bellies. 1677 
Orway Cheats of Scapin 1. i, How easily a Miser swallows 
a load, and how difficultly he disgorges a grain. 1774 
Gotps. Nat. Hist.(1776) VII. 311 Vhe leech..disgorges the 
blood it has swallowed, and it is then kept for repeated ap- 
plication. 1873 Miss THackeray Old Kensington ii, Jonah’s 
whale swallowed and disgorged him night after night. 

b. fig. To discharge as if from a mouth; to 
empty forth; esp. to give up what has been wrong- 
fully appropriated. 

ar SkeLton 7routh & Information (R.) But woo to 
suche informers .. That .. Disgorgith theyr veneme, 1587 
Turserv. 7 rag. 7. (1837) 228 Disgorge thy care, abandon 
feare. 1606 Suaks. 77. § Cr. Prol. 12 The deepe-drawing 
Barke do there disgorge ‘Their warlike frautage. 1776 
Gipson Decl. & F. 1. iv. 84 The dens of the amphitheatre 
disgorged at once a hundred lions, 1808 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Desf. 1V. 12t Some mode ..to make the French 
Generals disgorge the church plate which they have stolen. 
1855 Prescott /’ilip 1/, 1. u. iii. 173 It was..time that 
the prisons should disgorge their superfluous victims. 1882 
J. Taytor Sc. Covenanters (Cassell) 153 The grandson.. 
was compelled to disgorge the property of which the General 
had plundered the Covenanters, 

e. absol. 

1608 Armin Nest Ninn. 7 The World, ready to disgorge at 
so homely a present. 1638 Sir 1. Herbert 7 rav. (ed. 2) 223 
After I had disgorg’d abundantly, I fell into a sound sleepe. 
1667 Mitton P?. LZ. xu. 158 The river Nile... disgorging at 
seaven mouthes Into the Sea, 1794 SuLLivan View Nat, 
II. Y iij, Caverns full of water .. disgorging upon the earth. 
1868 Mirman Sf, /aul’s 351 At the Restoration he was 
forced to disgorge. 

2. trans. To discharge or empty (the stomach, 
mouth, breast, ctc.). 

¢ 1592 Martowe Massacre Paris 11. ii, Then come, proud 
Guise, and here disgorge thy breast. 1597 Suaks. 2 Hex. /I’, 
1. iii. 97 So, so, (thou common Dogge) did’st thou disgorge 
Thy glutton-bosome of the Royall Richard. 1637 HEywoov 
Dial. 1, Wks. 1874 VI. 100 Their stomacks some disgorg’d. 
1861 Hutme tr. Aloguin-Tandon i. i. iv. 146 It was the 
custom to throw away all leeches which had been used; they 
are now disgorged, and preserved for a future occasion. 

b. veff. To empty or discharge oneself. 

1607 J. Kinc Serv, 27 Nov., They..want but meanes and 
matter wherein to disgordg themselues. ¢1645 Howe. 
Lett. (1650) I. 9 The sea .. meeting .. rivers that descend 
from Germany to disgorge themselves into him. 1679 
Establ, Test 24 1f the Spirit moves, he can disgorge himseif 
against the Priests of Baal, the Hirelings. 1712 AppIsoN 
Spect. No. 309 P 15 The four Rivers which disgorge them- 
selves into the Sea of Fire. 1868 HawrHorne Amer, Note- 
bks. (1879) I. 231 Several vessels were disgorging themselves. 

+3. Faritery. To dissipate an engorgement or 
congestion [cf. F. dégorger in same sense]. Ods. 

1727 Baitey vol. II., Disgorge [with Farriers] is to discuss 
or disperse an Inflammation or swelling. 1737 [see Dr- 
Gorcer]. 32753 CHamBers Cycl. Suppl. s.v., If a horse's legs 
are gorged or swelled, we say he must be walked out to 
disgorge them, [775 Asn mispr. Désgore; whence in some 
mod. Dicts.] 

Hence Disgo'rged ///. a., Disgo'rging vd/. s 

16rr Cotcr., Desgorgé, disgorged. Desgorgement, a dis- 
gorging. 1632 Litucow 7rav. vi. 255 Woefull accidents, 
and superabounding disgorgings [floods]. 168r N. Resspury 
Fun. Serm.g As he had been a mighty devourer of Books, 
so his very disgorgings .. had generally more relish than the 
first cookery. 1822 t L. Peacock Maid Marian xiv, The 
reluctant disgorgings of fat abbots and usurers. 

Disgorgement (disgf-1dzmént). [f. prec. vb. 
+ -MENT: cf. OF. desgorgement (1548 in Hatz.- 
Darm.,).] The action of disgorging ; a discharging 
as from the throat or stomach. 

©1477 Caxton Yasonu 115b, The cloth of golde shone by 
isgorgements of the water. 1632 Litucow 77av. 1. 13 
This River of Tyber .. made muster of his extravagant 
disgorgements. @ 1656 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 162 The 
+ presses are openly defiled with the most loathsome dis- 
gorgements of their wicked blasphemies. _ 1788 CLarkKson 
Impol. Slave Tr. 55 There is a continual disgorgement of 
seamen from these vessels into the islands, 1837 Blackw. 
Mag. XI. 146 The disgorgemert of past plunder. 

—<e (disgg'1dzaz). [ft. as prec. +-ER1,] 
One who or that which disgorges. sec. A device for 
extracting a gorged hook from the throat of a fish. 

1867 F. Francis A vgling iv. (1880) 129 A disgorger .. is a 


-piece of metal or bone with a notch at the end. ae Se 


HENGE’ Brit, Sports. V. iii. § 10. 337 Attempting, 
of the disgorger, to remove them while he is alive. 
Fisheries Exhib, Catal. 62, 


+ Disgo'spel, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7a 
+ GospEL sb.] trans. To deprive of the gospel 
or of gospel character; to oust the gospel from 
practical life. Hence + Disgo'spelling /7/. a. 

1642 Mitton Afol, Smect. xii. Wks. 1738 I. 133 Who pos- 
sess huge Benefices for lazy Performances, great Pceaatioes 
only for the execution of a cruel disgospelling Jurisdicti 
{Dis- 6.] ¢rans, 


Disgo'spelize, v. rare. 


y means 


1883 


_To epic of or exclude from the gospel. 


1888 S. G. Osnorne in Times 6 Oct. 12/3 That tens of 
thousands .. are living disgospelized, so born and reared as 
to be of a race the gospel ., teachings cannot touch, 


DISGRACE, 


+ Disgou't, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7 a+ Gour 
sb.| trans. To free or relieve from gout. 

1611 Fiorio Sgottare..also to disgout. 1748 RicHaRDSON 
Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII. 286 Lord M. .. turning round and 
round .. his but just disgouted thumb, 

Disgo-vern, v. vonce-wd. [Dis- 6.] trans. 
To leave ungoverned ; to refrain from governing. 

3878 H. Wricut Mental Trav. 78 The object of states. 
manship at Nomunniburgh is not to govern but to disgovern 
as much as possible, 

Disgown (disgau'n), 7, [f. Dis- 7a + Gown sd.: 
cf. disrobe.] a. trans, Yo strip or deprive (any one) 
of his gown, sfec. of a university or clerical gown, 
and thus of the degree or office which it symLolizes. 
b. intr. (for reft.) To throw off or relinquish one’s 
gown. 

21734 Nortu Exam. (1740) 222 (D.) He disgowned and 
put on a sword. 1887 Globe 1 Oct. 2/4 [He] had been a 
clergyman, but had been disgowned for malpractices. 

Disgrace (disgré's), sb. [a. F. disgrace ‘a 
disgrace, an ill-fortune, defeature, mishap; also 
vncomelinesse, deformitie, etc.’ (Cotgr.), ad. It. dis- 
grasia ‘a disgrace, a mishap, a misfortune’ (Florio), 
f Dis- 4+grazia Grace; cf. Sp. desgracia ‘ dis- 
grace, misfortune, unpleasantness’, med.L. disgratia 
(1gth c, in Du Cange).] 

1. The disfavour of one in a powerful or exalted 
position, with the withdrawal of honour, degrada- 
tion, dishonour, or contumely, which accompanics 
it: +a. as exhibited by the personage who inflicts 
it (obs.); b. as incurred or experienced by the 
victim: the state of being out of favour and honour. 

@ 158r Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586 28b, Shee 
went about to bring into the disgrace of the Dutches all 
the Ladies of the Court. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestageio 
12 Ambition and feare of the Kings disgrace were of such 
force, that the Nobles. .durst not open their mouthes. 

1586 A. Day £ Secretary (1625) 1. 142 Vhe disgrace 
that quickly you shall sustaine. “1605 Suaks. A/acé. ut. vi. 
23, I heare Macduffe liues in disgrace. 1659 IB. Harris 
Parival's [ron Age 267 The Spaniards offered him (Card. 
Mazarin] all kindness of favour in his disgrace. 1849 
Macautay “Hist, Eng. 11. 160 The King .. had determined 
that the disgrace of the Hydes should be complete. A/a:t. 
‘The minister was living in retirement, being in disgrace at 
Court. 
te. A disfavour; a dishonour; an affront. Ods. 

21586 Sipney (J.), ‘To such bondage he was .. tied by her 
whose disgraces to him were graced by her excellence. 
1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ, Conv. wv. 206b, With my un- 
luckie sport I have gotten your disgraces. a 1626 Bacon 
(Webster 1864), The interchange continually of favours 
and disgraces. 1651 Hoppes Govt, & Soc. xv. § 18. 257 If 
it command somewhat to be..done, which is not a disgrace 
to God directly, but from whence by reasoning disgracefull 
consequences may be derived. 1739 Cipser 4 fol. (1756) 1. 
296 Several little disgraces were put upon them. 

+2. The disfavour of Fortune (as a disposer of 
human affairs); adverse fortune, misfortune. Ods. 

1590 GREENE Newer foo late (1600) 2 Midst the riches of 
his tace, Griefe deciphred high disgrace. 1600 E. BLounr 
tr. Conestaggro 15 Sent his ambassadors to the said King, 


‘letting him understand of his disgrace. 1653 H. Cocan tr, 


Pinto's Trav. i, 1 No disgrace of Fortune ought to esloign 
us..from the duty which we are bound to render unto God. 
1697 Drypen larg. Georg. 1v. 143 That other Jooks like 
Nature in Disgrace. 

+b. A misfortune. Ods. 

1622 R. Hawkins Moy. S. Sea (1847) 173 With these dis- 
graces upon them and the hand of God helping... us. 1627 
Lisander & Cal. wv. 74, 1 shall alwaies bless my disgraces 
which have wrought mee this felicity. 1748 SMoLtetT Rod, 
Rand. (1780) 1. 187 Notwithstanding the disgraces which 
had fallen to her share, she had not been so unlucky as 
many others, 

3. Dishonour in general or public estimation ; 
ignominy, shame. 

1593 Suaks. Kick. Z/, 1.1. 133, I slew him not; but (to 
mine owne disgrace) Neglected my sworne duty in that 
case. 1639 S. Du VerGer tr, Camus’ Admir. Events 54 
If ever he saw him approach his wife, he would.. 
resist force by force ..to drive disgrace from his house. 
1728 Pore Dunc. u.175 A second effort brought but new 
disgrace. 1856 Froupe Hist, Eng. (1858) Il. xi. 467 The 
disgrace which the queen’s conduct had brought upon her 
family. 1863 Geo. Exiot Nomola u. xxiii, Tito shrank with 
shuddering dread from disgrace. 

+4, The expression of dishonour and reprobation ; 
opprobrium, reproach, disparagement ; an expres- 
sion or term of reprobation. Ods. or arch. 

1586 A. Day Eng, Secretary 11, (1625) 86 When .. a word 
is either in praise or disgrace .. repeated. 1608 Br. Harr 
Char. Vertues & V. 102 If hee list not to give a verbal 
disgrace, yet hee shakes his head and smiles. 1617 — Recod/. 
Treat. 977 Every vice hath a title, and every vertue a dis- 
grace. 1660 7rial Regic. 174 You spake... against the 
King by way of disgrace against him and his family. 1676 
Hoszes /éiad m1. 33 Then Hector him with words of great 
disgrace Reptoved: [1855 Tennyson Maud u. i. 14 He... 
Heap’d on her terms of disgrace.] 

5. An occasion or cause of shame or dishonour ; 
that which brings into dishonour. 

1s90 Spenser F. Q. 1. i. 3t To all knighthood it is foule 
disgrace, That such a cursed creature lives so long a space. 
1597 Suaks, 2 Hen. JV, u. ii. 15 What a disgrace is it to 
me, to remember thy name? the be Baynarp (J.), And is it 
not a foul disgrace, To lose the boltsprit of thy face? 1856 
Emerson Exg. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 69, I found 
the two disgraces .. are, first, disloyalty to Church and 
State, and, second, to be born poor, or to come to Poveye 

57 


DISGRACE. 


1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 178 Is not the knowledge of 
words without ideas a disgrace to a man of sense ‘ 

+6. Marring of the grace of anything ; disfigure- 
ment. Ods. 

1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. m. (2586) 126 To take 
away some wart, moale, spot, or such like disgrace com- 
re, bed chaunce. 1598 S#. Fohn's Coll. Agreem. in Willis 
& Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 251 The Chimneys .. shalbe 
taken dowen and Raysed in some other Convenient place 
without disgrace of the new court. 

7. Want of grace.. +a. of person : ill-favoured- 
ness (ods.); b. of mind: ungracious condition or 
character. rare. 

1596 Spenser F. Q. v. xii. 28 Their garments .. Being all 
rag'd and tatter'd, their disgraces Did much the more aug- 
ment. 1861 T. Winturop Cecil Dreeme v. (1876) 75 Even 
a coat may be one of the outward signs by which we betray 
the grace or disgrace that is in us. : 

(disgrét's), v. (a. F. disgracter (1552. 
in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. It. disgraziare, f. disgrazia 
(see prec.). So Sp. desgraciar.] 

+1. trans. To undo or mar the grace of; to de- 
prive of (outward) grace; to disfigure. Ods. 

1549-62 SterNHOLD & H. /’s. ciii. 16 Like the flower .. 
Whose glosse and beauty stormy winds do utterly disgrace. 
1551 Rosinson tr. A/ore’s Utop. 14 Rude and vnlearned 
speche defaceth and disgraceth a very good matter. 1 

ATREMAN Fardle Facious 1. v. 69 The woman had her 
nose cut of, wherwith .. the whole beautie of her face was 
disgraced. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. u. (1586) 
115 b, His paunch shal the lesse appeer, which both dis- 
graceth him and burdneth him. 1 Pore Ess. Crit. 24 
The slightest sketch .. Is by ill-colouring but the more dis- 
grac’d. 1781 Cowper Convers. 51 Withered stumps dis- 
grace the sylvan scene. 

+ 2. To put to shame, put out of countenance by 
eclipsing. Ods. 

1589 GREENE Menathon (Arb.) 35 Flora seeing her face, 
bids al her glorious flowers close themselues, as being by 
her beautie disgraced. 1591 Nasne Pref. to Sidney's Astr. 
& Stella, In thee ..the Lesbian Sappho with i lyric 
harpe is disgraced. 

+ b. To put out of countenance, abash, dismay. 

1607 Torset Four-f, Beasts (1658) 160 Casting. . burning 
torches into the face of the elephant; by which the huge 
beast is not a little disgraced and terrified, 

3. To put out of grace or favour; to treat with 
disfavour, and hence with dishonour; to dismiss 
from (royal, etc.) favour and honour. 

1593 NaASsHE 4 Lett. Confut. 43 Followers, whose dutifull 
seruice must not bee disgrac’d with a bitter repulse in anie 
suite. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 62 Although he 
were without lands, and disgraced by Henry, yet being 
favoured by the people, he supposed that Henry dying, he 
shoulde .. be crowned. 1617 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat, 133 
How easie is it for such a man, whiles the world disgraces 
him, at once to scorne and pitty it. x71 Pore Temp. 
Fame 294 Some she disgrac’d, and some with honours 
crown'd. 1745 P. THomas rnd. Anson's Voy. 216 His Sub- 
jects..whom he either disgraces or honours. 1855 MAcAULAY 
Hist. Eng. WI. 268 Queensberry was disgraced for refusing 
to betray the interests of the Protestant religion. 

+4. To bring into disfavour (wéth any one), or 
into the bad graces of any one. Ods. 

1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. iii. 79 Our Brother is imprison'd 
by your meanes, My selfe disgrac'd, and the Nobilitie Held 
in contempt. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 35 Which his 
enimies tooke as an occasion to disgrace him with the King. 

+5. To cast shame or discredit upon; to bring 
(intentionally) into disgrace. Ods. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 6 How sociablely 
he an delt bi me ..to disgrace and slaunder me in the 
toun. 31599 Suaks. Afuch Ado ut, ii. 130 As I wooed for 
thee to obtaine her, I will joyne with thee to disgrace her. 
a1715 Burnet (J.), Men's passions will carry them far in 
misrepresenting an opinion which they have a mind to dis- 
grace. 

+b. To put to shame. Ods. 

1594 Hooxer Eec/. Pol. 1. viii. (1611) 97 They never vse 
reason so willingly as to disgrace reason, 1595 1. Epwarps 
Cephalus §& Procris (1878) 45 For he that sorrow hath pos- 
sest, at last In telling of his tale is quite disgra'st. 

+6. To speak of dishonouringly ; to reprobate, 
disparage, revile, vilify, speak slightingly of. 
Obs. 

1589 PutrenHam Eng. Poesie 1. xix. (Arb.) 57 Such .. 
would peraduenture reproue and disgrace euery homme, 
or short historicall ditty. ¢ 16x11 Cuarman /diad 1. 24 The 
general .. viciously disgrac’d With violent terms the priest. 
1612 Drayton Poly-olb, vi. Notes 93 A Patriot, and so true, 
that it to death him greeues To heare his Wales disgrac’t. 
1671 Baxter Holiness Design Chr. \xiv. 19 They all agree 
to cry down sin in the general and to disgrace it. 1720 
pg Jr. London Frnil, (1721) 46 Again he disgraces the 


Ale. 

7. To bring (as an incidental consequence) shame, 
dishonour, or discredit upon; to be a disgrace or 
shame to; to reflect dishonour upon, 

[xg80 Sipney Arcadia (1622) is apo. only Mopsa 


450 


Hence Disgra‘ced ffi. a., Disgra‘cing v/. sb. 
and ffi. a. : 
— N.I ne ov tr, Castan ‘ is 
' thoug! disgraci m. 
ane Two Gent. Sg mae Your Grice ie. wales 


Father U1. 145 The 
WiLson Frnt 12J 
parte passed .. he 
gracing crosses. 


in Life (1862) II. viii. 309 As Buona- 
one dabvineband file one of his dis- 


Disgraceful (disgré'sfiil), a. 
-FUL: cf. graceful.) 

+1. Void of grace, unbecoming, unpleasing: the 
opposite of graceful. Obs. 

rsgt_ Suaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, 1. i. 86 Away with these dis- 
gracefull wayling Robes! 1615 G. Sanpys 7 rav. 67 A cer- 
tain blacke powder ., which by the not disgracefull stain- 
ing of the lids, doth better set forth the whitenesse of the 
eye. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 182 Whatever is counterfeit 
grows nauseous and disgraceful, even with those things, 
which when natural are most graceful and charming. 

2. Full of, or fraught with, disgrace ; that brings 
disgrace upon the agent ; shameful, dishonourable, 
disreputable. 

1597 Danie Civ. Wars v. \xiv, Stained with black dis- 
graceful crimes. a1744 Pork (J.’, To retire behind their 
chariots was as little disgraceful then, as it is now to alight 
from one’s horse in a battle. 1794 Southey Bofany-Bay 
Ecl, iii, The poor soldier .. goes In disgraceful retreat 
through a country of foes. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 3. 
185 The disgraceful submission of their leaders. Sir 
A. Kexewicn in Law Times’ Rep. 140/1, 1 do think it is 
disgraceful for directors to ., issue such a prospectus. 

3. Inflicting disgrace, disgracing, degrading, op- 
probrious, contumelious. a. Of actions. 

1640 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 39 Our speculative skill 
is wont to be upbraided to us, in a disgracefull comparison 
of our unanswerable practise. 1651 [see Discrace sé. 1c). 
1764 Foote Patrox ut. Wks. 1799 I. 358 Such disgraceful, 
such contemptible treatment! 1836 H. CoLeripce North. 
Worthies (1852) 1. 49 It does not appear that Sir Samuel .. 
ever submitted to this disgraceful punishment, 

+b. Of words. Oés. 

1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit. & Vowes 1. § 52 In the revenge 
of a disgracefull word against themselves. 1611 CotTcr. 
s.v. Vilenie, Laide Vilenie, slaunderous, reproachfull, dis- 
gracefull, defamatorie tearmes. 1613 Sir F. Cottincton 
in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. III. 109 If any of base qualyty 
shall use disgracefull wordes unto a Jintleman, he is .. sent 
to the gallies. 1774 Sir J. Reyvnotos Dysc. v1. (1876) 383 
These terrific and disgraceful epithets with which the poor 
imitators are so often loaded. 

Disgracefully (disgréisfili), adv. .[f. prec. 
+-LY fa In a disgraceful manner, with disgrace; 
shamefully, ignominiously. + Formerly also, With 
opprobrium, opprobriously, contumeliously. 

1604 Hieron Wks. I. 478 Some of whom to my griefe 
I haue heard speake very disgracefully, some very scorne- 
fully. @ 166 Futter Worthies (1840) III. 11 The scholars 
of Oxford took up the body of the wife of Peter Martyr, 
who formerly had been disgracefully buried in a dunghill. 
1781 Cowrer FE xfost. 663 His [name] that seraphs tremble 
at, is hung Disgracefully on every trifler's tongue. 1893 
J. Stronc New Era xvi. 357 Its progress is painfully an 
disgracefully slow. A/od. The work has been disgracefully 
scamped, 

Disgra‘cefulness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.] 
The quality or condition of being disgraceful; 
shamefulness, ignominy. 

1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 61 These men. .by their 
owne disgracefulnes, disgrace the most gracefull Poesie. 
1841 Lane Arad. Nis. ILL. 486, I knew... that there was 
no disgracefulness in him .. the turpitude and disgraceful- 
ness were in my sister. 1880 Daily News 9 Jan. 5/2 Bar- 
barous as hanging is, its disgracefulness aaa haerer possibly 
act as deterrent influences. 

‘cement. Oés. [f. Discrace v. + 
-MENT.] The action of disgracing; also, concr. 
that which causes disgrace. 

156r T. Norton Cadvin's Just, 1. 1 Synce we haue ben 
spoyled of the diuine apparell, our shameful nakednesse dis- 
closeth an infinite heape of filthy dis; mentes, - J. 
Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. if efacinges and dis- 

1647 H. More Poems 169 That 


[f. prec. sb. + 


racements of Religion. 

isgracement of Philosophie .. this Theorie Might take 
"t away. 

Lis er (disgré'-saz). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who or that which disgraces; one that ex- 
pom to shame or causes ignominy; + an oppro- 

rious reviler (0ds.). 


ll di 


heda's Cong. E. Ind. xvii.. 


rs. Jaxe West /n/. | 


' DISGRADER. ~ 


+ Disgra‘ciately, adv. Obs. rare~*. [as if 
f. *disgraciate adj., ad. It, disgrasiato, in ie 
disgratiato ‘graceless’.] Ill-fayouredly, unhappily, 
unpleasingly. of ~ = pea 

173% Nortu Exam. 1. i. § 28 All this he would most dis- - 
graciately obtrude by his quaint Touch of ‘ confirming all’. 

Singracions (disgréi-fas), a. Also 6-7 -tious. 
[a. F. désgracteux (1518 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. Dis- 4 
+gracieux, perh. after It. disgrazioso ‘ graceless, 
full of disgrace’, (Florio): cf. Gracious. 

1. Ungracious, unfavourable, nnkind. ? Ods. 


1598 J. Dickenson Greene in Conc. (1878) 144 yy 
rather to quicken them by a gracious re; then to kill 
them by a disgratious repulse. 1603 Breton Dign. or Ind. 


Men 207 What indignities are these to prove the disgratious 
Nature of Man? shay Vow! Monthly Mag. XL1X. 343 Any 
one of the disgracious cavillers. i 

+2. Out of favour; in disfavour; 
Obs. 

1594 Suaxs. Rich. J/7, ut. vii. 112 1 doe suspect I haue 
done some offence, That seemes disgracious in the Cities 
eye. /bdid. 1. iv. 177 1f I be so disgracious in your eye, Let 
me march on, and not offend you, Madam. 16:1 Srrep 
Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. (1632) 849 As for these causes he was 
in highest grace with the King, so hee was the more dis- 
gracious or hated of the people. 

+ 3. Disgraceful, shameful. Ods. 

1615 Trades Incr. in Hari. Misc. (Malh.) I11. 308 The lazy 
and disgracious merchandise of our coasters. 

4. Without grace of manner; uncomely; unbe- 
coming. 

1870 Morier Ref. Land Tenure in Parl. Papers CLXI1I11. 
202, I heard general complaints .. of their [the women’s] 
disgracious attempts to follow the fashions. 

+ Disgra‘ciously, adv. Obs. [f. prec. +-Ly?.] 
In a disgracious manner; with disgrace or indig- 
nity ; without grace, ungraciously. 

18 Hist. P. Warbeck in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 95 
He read it in publick, and that so disgraciously [etc.]. 1619 
Lime's Srshowse ii. 182 (L.) All.. were eyther at last dis- 
graciously killed, or else receyved some great overthrow. 

+ Disgra‘cive, a. Ols. rare. _[irreg. f. Dis- 
GRACE Uv. +-IVE: cf. coercive.] Conveying or tend- 
ing to disgrace or reproach; disgraceful, shameful. 

1602 Boys Wks. 412 The Syrian vaca, which is a disgracive 
term. ~~ Fevtuam Resolves 1. xxvii. 47 They are unwisely 
ashamed of an ignorance, which is not disgraciue, 6d. 1. 
Ixxviii. 120 He t will question euery di jue word, 
which he hears is spoken of him, shall haue much trouble. 

tion (di: adé"-fon). ? Obs. [n. of 
action f. DisGRaADE v.] Punitive deprivation of 
rank, degree, or dignity ; = DEGRADATION] 1, 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Degradation, in our law-books 
called disgradation, and deposition. [Not in Termes de la 
Ley, Cowell, Blount, who have dé: , but not disgrada- 
tion.) 1861 W. Bet Dict. Law Scot. 291/2 Digratation, 
Deposition, or Degradation ; the stripping a person for ever 
of a dignity or degree of honour. 


(disgrai-d), v. 


disliked. 


Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. xvii. (2632) <a Bey was first solemnly 


Circular te Soaate Coll, of M. 
posing the Durham University to possess already the power 
to disgrade its Graduates. % 

b. To deprive of ecclesiastical status; =Dr- 


GRADE v. 2 b, 


¢1380 Wycuur Wes. (1880) 246 Ony symple mon .. schal 
be enprisoned, disgratid or t. 1460 Carcrave Chron. 
112 Formosus.,was disgraded be Jon the fro all the 


ordres of the Cherch onto by astat, 1 Exam. H. 
Barrowe, etc. in Hart. Misc. (Math) Il. 28 Q. Are yow a 
Minister? A. No, I was one after your orders. Q. Who 
disgraded yow? A. I di: my self th God: 


s 

by ‘ Antip. did not 
disgrad 7 Sy aasien tone! bck Ordre sock sMaleiomeeck 

ence Disgra'ded ///. a., Disgra'ding vol. 


sb. 
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 1 A certificat under his seale 
testifiynge the said di inge. 1546 Bace Eng. Votaries 


u. Liv (T. s.v. De, ), He once yet againe departed the 
Enis tee rece 


1570 Dee Math. Pref. 46 The.. i g of 
Gg Verii 1589 NAshe Almond for Parrat 15a, me 


bégan to .. shew himselfe openly a g 
antiquitie. 1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 267 A Reproacher 


behind, who disgraced weeping with her ] 1593 | OF disgracer of his Majesties Government. 1732 Swirt 
Suaks. Lucr. 718 Against himself he sounds this doom, | 774. Abuses Dublin, I have given good advice to those 
That through ‘the length of times he ds disg d. disgracers of their sex. 1789 Mrs. Piozzt Fourn. 
in —A. ¥. Leu. iv, ra i oveld finde in my kent 3e — I. 382 Who..were such disgracers of human 
isgrace my mans apparell, and to cry like a woman. 1 4 ; 

D. i. Eas. Pol. § Mor. 116, Often .. such as became || Disgracia, -grazia. [Sp. desgracia (-grapya) 
a meaner well, have failed in a greater, and disgraced | disgrace, misfortune, unpleasantness, It. désgrasta 


it. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 196 P7 Of his children .. 
some may disgrace him by their follies, 1784 Cowrer 7iroc. 
531 Such vicious habits as disgrace his name. 1849 MACAULAY 
Hist, Eng. 1. 187 The atrocities which had d the 
insurrection of Ulster. 1868 J. H. Blunt Ref CA. Eng. 1. 
79 The most cruel act against heretics that disgraced our 
tatute Book. 


(-gratsya), formerly disgratia.] An unpleasant 
accident, misfortune. 


Ime with his disg Secar Hon, Mil. 
Civ, u. iv. 55 The King of Armes and other Heralds cast 
the warme water vpon the disgraded Knights face .. saying 
Henceforth thou shalt be called by thy right name, Traitour. 
1641 Termes de la Ley (1708) 257 By the Canon Law there 
pr two — of pe ee ticvenine theaaeaile by word 
on! the other solemn; vesting the party disgraded 
from .. the Ensigns of his Order or Degree. 
+Disgra'dement. Ols. rare—*. [f. prec. + 

— = DISGRADATION ;. DEGRADATION ! 1. 
x ITzHERB. Fust. Peas 107 b, With certifycat therof 
under his seall testifyenge the sayde d 

‘der. Obs. rare—'. 


ement. . 
f, as prec. + -ER}.] 


1739 Ciper A fol. (1756) I. 114 When it has been his ill: | One who degrades from a position of honour. 
hemes to meet with a Sarno. Lo. Camppett - ax603 T. Cartwricnt Confut, Rhem. N. T, Pref. (1618) 
Chancellors (1857) IV, Ixxxix. 174 This d ia h d Di and disgraders of the Scripture haue taught 


from meeting a line of brewer's drays at Charing Cross. 


17 Disg 5S 
men to say, that the copies are corrupted. : 


‘ 


;' opie , 


DISGRADUATE. 


-+Di ‘duate, v. Obs. [f: Dis- 7 b+ Gra- 
puatest.] trans. To depose from a degree or dig- 
nity, deprive of rank or privilege; =DiscRApDE, 
DE£GRADUATE. - 

. 1528 Tinpatr Obed. Chr. Man 73», Yf they be of mine 
anointed, and beare my marke, disgresse them (I wold saye, 
dis: uate them). Nicoits Zhucyd. 135 (R.) The 
saide Lacedemonions did desgraduate and declaire those to 
‘be deffamed and dishonoured, that were takene by the 
Athenyans in the Islande. 
_+Disgree’,v. Obs. rare. [a. OF, desgre-er 
(Froissart) to disagree, f. des-, Dis- 4 + gréer to 
agree: see GREE v.] zfr. To be out of agree- 
ment or harmony; to DISAGREE. 

~_1§30 Patscr. 519/1, I disgre, I agre a mysse, as syngars 
do, or one note with an other. .' These synggyng men disgree. 
-+Disgree‘ment. 0¢s. rare. [f. prec. + 
-MENT.] Discord, DISAGREEMENT. 

1503 Hawes Exam), Virt. vii. 148 Without disgrement or 
contradiccyon. 4 ; " 

Disgregate (disgrége't), v.  [f. L. désgregat-, 
ppl. stem of disgregdre to separate, f. Dis- 1 + 
green (grex) flock, gregare to collect (ina flock).] 

ence Di'sgregated ///. a. 

+1. trans. To separate, sunder, sever (from). 

1593 Nasne Christ's 7. 64, It pleased our louing cruci- 
fied Lord..to disgregate his gifts from the ordinarie 
meanes. - ee os 

2. To separate into individual parts, disintegrate. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 630 (R.) Heat doth loosen, 
disgregate, scatter, and dissolve all thick things. 1660 
Srantey /ist. Philos, 1x. (1701) 422/1 Heat seems to consist 
of rare parts, and disgregates bodies. 1726 Monro Anat. 
Nerves (1741) 4 The Dura Mater is closely wrapt round 
them, to collect their disgregated F ibres. 

- +8. According to obsolete theories of vision: To 
scatter or make divergent (the visual rays) ; hence, 
to dazzle, confuse, or dim (the sight). Ods. 

@1631 Donne Serm. xcvi. IV. 245 The beames of their 
eyes were scattered and disgregated ..so as that they could 
not confidently discern him. c 1645 Howe t Lef¢¢. u. li, Her 
pnt is presently dazled and disgregated with the refulgency. 
Ibid. 1. v1. lv, Black doth-congregat, unite and fortifie the 
sight; the other doth disgregat, scatter and enfeeble it. 

Disgregation (disgrégé'-fan).  [n. of action 
f, prec.: see -ATION.] Separation of individuals 
from a company, or of component parts from a 
whole mass; disintegration, dispersal ; sfec.in Chem. 
separation of the molecules of a substance by heat 
or other agency. 

_ 1611 Frorio Disgregatione, a scattering, a disgregation. 
@1626 Br, Anprewes in Southey Cowl. Bk. Ser. 1. 
(1850) 354 Without it [concord] a gregation it may be, but 
no congregation. The con is gone; a disgregation rather. 
1653 Manton Exp. F¥ames v. 9 In troubles there are not so 
many scatterings and disgregations in Christ’s flock. 1684 
tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xix. 763 These Diseases do 
posers a Disgregation of Humours. 1865 Grote Plato 

.i. 56 The partial disgregation of the chaotic mass. 

Disgress, -ion, obs. ff. DicREss, -10N. 

+ Disgre'ss, v. Obs. rare—1. [?f. Dis- 7a + 
L. gressus step, taken as = gradus step, degree, 
position ; and hence a synonym of DisGRapDE. (Or 
possibly an early corrupt form of DisGRAcE v.)] 

1528 [see DisGraDUATE]. 

+ Disgross (disgrdws), v. Obs. [ad. 16th. F. 
desgrossir, desgrosser ‘to lessen, make small, fine, 
or less grosse, to polish, refine’ (Cotgr. 1611), 
mod.F. dégrossir, f.des-, Dis- 4 +.gros, grosse thick, 
big, Gross.] /¢rans. To make finer or less gross ; 
spec. applied to the initial reduction in thickness 
of metal bars that are to be made into wire. 

161r Fiorio Disgrossamento, a refining, a disgrossing. 
1636 Patent Rolls 7 May, Fyning, refyning, disgrossing .. 
of all gold and silver. 2662 Petty Taxes 85 If bullion be 
pn into plate and utensils, or disgrost into wire or lace. 
1 - TausMan Lendon's Tri. 6 In another apartment is 
.. Disgrossing, Flatting and Drawing of Gold.. Wyre. 1823 
Hone Anc, Myst. 250. 

b. fig. (unless misread for dsgwss, Discuss). 
. reg a Papers Hen. VITT, X1. 330 The matters .. beyng 
not before disgrossed and brought to a conclusion. 

+Disgru‘bble, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 5 + 
Pees pa for grumble] =DISGRUNTLE. 

.. 1689 C. Harton 16 Apr. in 1. Corr. (1878) II. 131. St Rt 
Atkins is soe disgrubbl’d not to be Ch. J. of y’ Com. Pleases 
ythe sath he will not have his brothers scimm milke. 

Disgruntle (disgrant’l), v. Now chiefly U.S. 

f. Dis- 5+ GRUNTLE z. freq. of GRUNT]. trans. 

0 put into sulky dissatisfaction or ill-humour; to 
chagrin, disgust. Chiefly in pa. pple. 

1682 H. Cave Hist. Popfery 1V. 79 Hodge was a little dis- 

ntled at that Inscription. a@ 683 Sir P. Warwick Mem. 

Chas. I (1701) 226 [He] would not be sent unto her house .. 
which the Lady was much disgruntled at. 1726 AMHERST 
Terre Fil, x\viii. 256 M’Phelim finds his prince a little dis- 

runtled, 1862 C. THorNton Conyers Lea xii. 224 The fair 

abitha retired to her room somewhat disgruntled, 
Lisbon (Dakota) Star 18 July, [He] is very much disgruntle 
at Cleveland's nomination. 

Hence Disgruntled 7//. a.; also Disgru‘ntle- 
ment, moody discontent. 

184: Hatuiw,, Dis, tled, discomposed. Glouc. 1889 
Voice (N.Y.) 12 Sept., Partisans in all stages of disgruntle- 
ment were wandering aimlessly about. x89x Bryce in Con- 
temp. Rev. Jan., A melancholy or gloomy or—to use an 
‘expressive American term—a ‘disgruntled’ temper. 


451 


Disguisal (disgai-z4l). rare. [f. Discurse v. 
+-AL.J The action of disguising. 

1652 CorTerELt tr. Cassandra 111. 208 To open his heart 
to her without any disguisal. 1834 7azt's A/ag. 1. 488 ‘he 
covering invented for their disguisal. 

Disguise (disgsi:z), v. Forms: 4 degise, 
(-gyse, desgyze), 4-5 des-, disgise, -gyse, dys- 
guyse, 5-6 disguyse, 5~7 desguise, 5- disguise, 
(6 disgease, 6-7 disguize; Sc. 6 dis(s)agyse, 
dissagyiss). [ME. desgzse-2, degise-n, etc., a. 
OF. desguister, deguister (11th c, in Littré), later 
desguiser, mod.F. déguiser, = Pr. desguisar, f. des-, 


de- (Dx- I. 6) + Romanic (It., Sp, Pg., Pr.) gazsa, 


F. gutse (11th c.), a. OHG. wésa manner, mode, 
appearance (cf. WISE sé.) : the primary sense was 
thus ‘to put out of one’s usual guise, manner, or 
mode (of dress, etc.).’] 

+1. trans. To alter the guise or fashion of dress 
and appearance of (any one); es. to dress in a 
fashion different from what has been customary or 
considered appropriate to position, etc.; to dress 
up fantastically or ostentatiously; to deck out. Ods. 

¢ 1325 Poem Times Edw. 11, 255 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 
335 Nu ben theih so degysed and diverseliche i-diht, Unnethe 
may men knowea gleman from akniht. 1362 Lancr. 2. P/. 
A. Prol. 24 In Cuntinaunce of clopinge queinteliche de-gyset. 
¢ 1400 Nom. Rose 2250 He that loveth trewely Shulde..hym 
disgysen in queyntyse. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxix. 
209 Mortimer disgised him with wonder riche clothes out 
of al maner reson both of shapyng and of weryng. 1539 
T. Cuapman in Chron, Gr. Friars (Camden) p. xv, The per- 
feccion of Christian livyng dothe not consiste in dome cere- 
monyes. .disgeasing our selffes aftyr straunge fassions. 1563 
Hom, Exc, Appar. (1859) 312 Many men care not what they 
spend in disguising themselves, ever... inventing new fashions. 

+ 2. To make different in manner, mode, or dress 
(from others). Obs. 

1340 Ayend. 97 Hi is zopliche newe and desgised uram 
opre la3es. ¢ 1430 Lypvc. A/in. Poems go (Miatz.) Amonges 
wymmen he spanne, In theyre habyte disguysed from a man. 
1555 WaTREMAN /ardle Facions 11. iv. 143 Thei ware dis- 
guised fro y° commune maner of other. 

+ 3. To transform ; to alter in appearance (from 
the proper or natural manner, shape, etc.); to 
disfigure. Ods. 

1393 Gowrr Covf. I. 16 Pei scholden noght .. The Papacie 
so desguise vpon diuerse eleccion. 1535 CoveRDALE Ecclus. 
xii, 18 Whyle he maketh many wordes, he shall dysguyse his 
countenaunce. ?a1§50 Dunbar’s Poems, Freiris Berwick 
474 Bot gif it wer on sic a maner wyiss Him to translait or 
ellis dissagyiss Fra his awin kynd in-to ane vder stait. 1579 
‘Tomson Calvin's Serm. Vim. 49/2 He [Saint Paul] reproveth 
his enimies which disguised the lawe of God. 1593 SHAKs. 
Lucr. 1452 Her cheeks with chaps and wrinkles were dis- 
guised ; Of what she was no semblance did remain. 1697 
Drypen “ned (J.\, They saw the faces, which too well 
they knew, Though then disguised in death. 

4. To change the guise, or dress and personal 
appearance, of (any one) so as to conceal identity ; 
to conceal the identity of by dressing as some one 
or 7 a particular garb. (Now the leading sense.) 

¢ 1350 Will, Palerne 1677, & 3ef 3e were disgised & di3t 
on any wise .. 3e wold be aspied. 1393 Gower Conf II. 227 
She cast in her wit.. Hou she him mighte so desguise That 
no man shuld_ his body know. 1535 Stewart Cron. 
Scot. HII. 207 Robert the Bruce wnder the levis grene 
-. Oft disagysit in ane sempill weid. 1555 EpEN Decades 
176 They come disguised in an other habite. 1603 KNoLLES 
Hist. Turks (1638) 63 Disguised in the habit of a Turk. 
1720 Gay Poents (1745) II. 167 The shepherd's garb the 
woman shall disguise. c¢c18s0 Arad. Nes. (Rtldg.) 297 She 
disguised him in woman's clothes, 1882 FREEMAN Amer. 
Lect. v. 153 A friend disguised in the garb of an enemy. 
— a to escape disguised as a monk. 

- ref. 

1340 Ayend. 158 Ine hou uele wyzen he [pe dyeuel] him 
desgyzep. cx 74 Cuaucer Troylus v. 1570 (1577) Yn purpos 
gret, Hym self lyk a Pylgrym to degyse. 1535 CoverDALE 
1 Kings xiv. 2 Disguise the, so that no man perceaue that 
thou art Ieroboams wyfe. 1535 LynpEsay Satyre 721 Wee 
man turne our claithis. hea tieaayse vs, that na man ken 
vs. 161 Biste 1 A7ugs xx. 38 he prophet. .disguised him- 
selfe with ashes vpon his face. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr His?. 
Servia xvi. 299 The wife of Milosch was obliged to disguise 
herself in the dress of a Servian female peasant. 

5. To alter the appearance of (anything) so as to 
mislead or deceive as to it; to exhibit in a false 
light ; to colour; to misrepresent. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xvu. vi. (Tollem. MS.), This 
Aloe Caballinum is disgised [sophisticatur] with pouder of 
safron and vynegre, yf it is ten sibes plungid perin, and 
dryed. 1623 Lp. Hersert in Ellis Orig. Left, Ser. 1. III. 
166 To palliate and disguise those thinges which it concernes 
them ta knowe, 1669 Gare Crt. Gentiles 1, 1. ii. 11 Plato’s 
custome ta desguise the Traditions he received from the 
Jews. 1732 Lepiarp Sethos II, vit. 127 Some merchants 
endeavour to disguise and put off a commodity, 3855 
Macautay Hist, Eng. 1V.254 Tao speak the truth, that was 
to say, substantial truth, a little disguised and coloured. 

6. To conceal or cloak the real state or character 
of (anything) by a counterfeit show or appear- 
ance, 

1599 Suaks. Hen. V, m1. i. 8 Then imitate the action of 
the ‘l'yger .. Disguise fair Nature with hard-fauour’d Rage. 
168r Drypen Ads. & Achit. 740 This moving Court, that 
caught the Peoples Eyes, And seem’d but Pomp, did other 
Ends disguise. 1726 Adv. —_ R. Boyle 104, I think to 
disguise our Thoughts is an Art better lost, than learnt. 
1853 Sir H. Dovctas A7lilit. Bridges (ed. 3) 203 A feint to 
disguise the real intention. 


1856 Emerson Lng. Traits, 


DISGUISE. 
Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 32 The horse finds out who is afraid of 


itang does not disguise its opinion. 


To conceal or hide (a material thing) by any 
superficial coating or operation. 
15gt SytvesteR Du Bartas i. ii. 165 Yet think not, that 
this Too-too-Much remises Ought into nought; it but the 
Form disguises In hundred fashions. 1738 WEsLEy //ymns, 
‘All Praise to Him’ ii, Vhe deepest shades no more disguise 
Than the full Blaze of Day. 1791 Hamitton Berthollet's 
Dyeing 1.1.1. iv. 66 The colouring particles. .are there dis- 
guised by an alkali. 1820 Scoresny Acc. Arctic Reg. 1.116 
An insulated cliff.. being nearly perpendicular, is never dis- 
guised with snow. ; 
b. To conceal the identity of under a different 


name or title, 

1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 50 Whom 
we will disguise under the name of Anaclete. 1806 Surr 
Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) 1.69 The new title. .did not disguise 
the old friend. 

8. Electr. To conceal the presence of by neutral- 
ization ; to dissimulate. (Usually in passzve.) 

1839 G. Birp Nat. Philos. § 278 When two insulated con- 
ducting bodies are differently electrified, and approached 
towards each other, so as to be within the influence of their 
mutual attraction..no signs of electricity are communicated 
by either to a pith ball electrometer connected with them.. 
The electric fluids are thus said to become disguised, or 
paralysed, by their mutual attractive action.  /did. § 288 
On turning the machine, the positive electricity accumu- 
lating in the inside of the battery becomes disguised by the 
inducting action of the outside coating. 

9. To intoxicate (with liquor). ach. (pa. pple. 
still in slang use: see DisGvisED 6). 

1562 J. Heywoon Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 184 Three cuppes 
full at once shall oft dysgyse thee. 1618 DeLonry Gentle 
Craft \1648) Hivb, We will get him out to the tavern and 
there cause him to be disguised, that he shall neither be 
able to stand nor go. x72 tr. /omet's /1ist, Drugs 1. 138 
It may so stupifie and disguise them, that they may be the 
more easily master'd. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp AZiseries // nie, 
Life (1826) xx. 250 Sure, fuddling a trade is Not lovely 
in Ladies, Since it thus can disguise a Soft sylph like Eliza. 

+10. zutr. To dissemble. Ods. 

1580 Sipnry Arcadia (1622) 97 Zelmane. . disguise not with 
me in words, as I know thou doest in apparell. 1586 A. Day 
Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 24 But if I should..tell you..you 
might thinke I did not then disguize with you. 

Disguise (disgai:z), 55. Also 4 degise, -yse, 
7 disguize. [f. Discus 

+1. Alteration of the fashion of dress from that 
which has been usual; new or strange fashion (esp. 
of an ostentatious kind). Ods. 

1340 Hampo.e /». Consc. 1518 In pompe and pride and 
vanite, In selcouthe maners and sere degyse Pat now es used 
of many wyse. Jé¢d. 1524 For swilk degises and_ suilk 
maners .. Byfor pis tyme ne has noght ben. 1594 Lopcr 
Wounds Crv. War in Hazl. Dedsley V11. 143 Prisoners of 
divers nations and sundry disguises. 

2. Altered fashion of dress and personal appear- 
ance intended to conceal the wearer’s identity; the 
state of being thus transformed in appearance for 
concealment’s sake. 

13.. Coerde L. 962 The kyng hym [a baroun] tolde.. Hou 
he founde hym [Rychard] in disguise. 1605 Suaxs, Learv. 
iii. 220 The banish’d Kent ; who, in disguise, Follow’d his 
enemy king, and did him service. 1659 B. Harris Parival's 
Iron Age 214 In this extremity he left that City in disguise. 
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 125 His manner of going to the 
Appointment was in Disguise. 1758 Jounson /dler No. 29 
? 6 They concluded me a gentlewoman in disguise. @ 1839 
Praep Poems (1864) I. 8 ‘was a Fairy in disguise. 

b. fig. A disguised condition or form. 

1709 Celebr. Beauties 10 in Poet. Miscell. (Tonson) vt. 514 
Praise undeserv'd is Scandal in Disguise. 1742 Younc Né. 
TA, vu. 52 His grief is but his grandeur in disguise. 175 
Jounson Rambler No. 184 ? 12 None can tell whether the 
good that he pursues is not evil in disguise. J/o, A blessing 
in disguise. 

3. ‘A dress contrived to conceal the person that 
wears it’ (J.); a garb assumed in order to deceive. 

1596 Spenser F. Q. v. vii. 21 Magnificke Virgin, that in 
queint disguise Of British armes dost maske thy royall 
blood. 1596 SHaks, 1 //en, JV, 1. ii. 73 Ned, where are our 
disguises? 1667 E. CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit, 1. (1684) 
120 In 1648 [the Duke] was.. conveyed in a Disguise or 
Habit of a girl beyond sea. 1849 James Woodman xiii, 
Now I bring you your disguise. 1875 Jowett /’/a/o (ed. 2) 
I. 395 You were wrapped in a goatskin or some other disguise, 

b. transf. and fig. 

1655 STANLEY //ist. Philos, 1; (1701) 1/2 Their glory being 
intercepted. .by some later disguise of alteration or addition. 
@1674 CLARENDON Surv, Leviath. (1676) 193 Without any 
other clothing or disguise of words. 1789 Betsuam Ess. 
II, xxxiv. 248 This high-sounding language is merely the 
splendid disguise of ignorance. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm. 
iv. 82 The passion obliged to act under a disguise becomes 
different in its nature from the open one. 

4. Any artificial manner assumed for deception; 
a false appearance, a counterfeit semblance or show; 


deception, 

1632 J. Haywarn tr. Biondi's Eromena 36 The Pilot (all 
disguise laid aside) said unto him. ax6s5 Vines Lord's Supp. 
(1677) 155 Naked of all humane disguizes. 78x Cowrer 
Charity 558 No works shall find acceptance, in that day 
When all disguises shall be rent away That square not truly 
with the Scripture plan, 1838 THiRLWaut Greece V. xliii. 273 
Philomelus now threw off all disguise. 31865 G. MerepiITH 
Rhoda Fleming vi, Perfect candour can do more for us 
than a dark disguise, P 

5. The act or practice of disguising; conceal- 
ment of the reality under a specious appearance. 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for Al, 1. ii. 294 So disguise shall by 
th’ disguised Pay with falshood false ~— 2647 CLAREN- 

57*-2 


DISGUISED. 


von Hist, Red. v1. (1843) 373/2 Nor could he have been led 
into it.. by any open .. temptation, but by a thousand dis- 
guises and cozenages. 21720 Pore Chorus Youths & Virgins 
8 Hence false tears, deceits, disguises. 1746 Westy Princ, 
‘ethodist 9 With regard to Subtlety, anion. and Dis- 
guise. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 252 Thou friend 
+. to whom I communicate without disguise the i 


452 


DISGUST. — 


secrets of my breast. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm. ii. 32 The 
heathen defied the law within him. There was no disguise 
in Paganism. 

+6. A masque; =Drseuisine 3. Obs. 

1622 B. Jonson Masque of Augurs Wks. (Rtldg.) 630/2 
Disguise was the old English word for a Masque. 1622 
Bacon Hen. VI/, 245 Masques (which they then called Dis- 
guises). ¢1630 Micton Passion iii, O what a mask was 
there, what a disguise. 

7. ‘ Disorder by drink’ (Johnson). 

1606 Suaks. Ant. § CZ. u. vii. 131 Strong Enobarbe Is 
weaker then the Wine, and mine owne tongue Spleet’s what 
it speakes: the wilde disguise hath almost Antickt vs all. 
1622 B. Jonson Masque of Augurs Wks. (Rtldg.) 630/1 Dis- 
guise! what mean you by that? do you think that his 
majesty sits here to expect drunkards? 

8. Electr. See DiscuisE v. 8. 

1839 G. Birp Nat. PAil. § 286 In accordance with the con- 
ditions of the induction and disguise of electricity, it is 
obvious that an insulated jar cannot be charged. 

Disguised (disgaizd), pp/. a. [f. Discuise 
v.+-ED1, 

+1. Changed from the usual or natural guise or 
fashion: a, disfigured; b. altered in fashion of 
dress for the sake of modish display. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 260 They sigh her clothes all dis- 
guised .. Her haire hangend unkempt about. c 1430 Pilgr. 
Lyf Manhode w. ii. (1869) 175 pilke beste was disgised so 
vileliche, and so foule figured. 1563 Homilies u. Excess of 
Apparel (1859) 312 The haughty stomacks of the daughters 
of England are so maintained with divers disguised sorts of 
costly apparell, that [etc.]. 1589 Prete Zale 7 roy 27 Where 
ladies troop'd in rich disguised attire. 

+ 2. Of dress, etc.: Altered in fashion or assumed 
for the sake of concealing the identity of the wearer 
or bearer. Ods. 

1413 Pilgr. Sow/le (Caxton 1483) m1. ii. 51 These haue ben 
feyned Religyous ypocrites with theyr desguysed clothes. 
@ 1533 Lp. Berners //u0n ix. 23 Charlot had a dysgysyd 
shylde bycause he wolde not be knowen. 1548 Hatt Chron, 
flen. V1. an. 28. 161 Mistrustyng the sequele of y* matter, 
[he] departed secretly in habite disguysed, into Sussex. 1608 
D. T. Ess. Pol. & Mor. 98 Wine. .doth..unbare us of that 
disguis’d, and personated habit, under the which we are ac- 
customed to marche. 1660 BLount Boscobel 51 Procur'd 
him a pass from the Rebel commanders in a disguised name. 

3. Of persons, etc.: Dressed in a strange or as- 
sumed garb, or having the appearance otherwise 
changed, for the sake of concealing identity. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 62 And he disguised fledde away 
By ship. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. ii. 175 Disguised 
Gods .. in pesants shape Prest to commit some execiable 
rape. 1639 I’. Brucis tr. Camus’ Moral Kelat. 346 Finding 
no safety in high Germany..we came downe disguised into 
this inferiour Germany. 1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 332 
He. .lay in ambush, directing the disguised Spaniards .. to 
make signals. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 180 The 
congregation in the old story were untouched by the dis- 
guised devil's eloquence. .it lacked unction, 

4. Of a thing, etc.: Altered in outward form so 
as to appear other than it is. 

1590 SPENSER /, Q. 111. ii. 4 What inquest made her dis- 
semble her disguised kind? 1632 Litucow raz. ut. 119 
We may easily be deceived, by disguised and pretended 
reasons. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. v. § 33 (1875) 120 
Convinced as he is that all punishment .. is but a disguised 
beneficence. 1878 BrowninG La Saisiaz 30 Hindrance 
proved but help disguised. 

+5. Concealed or hidden so as not to appear. 

1594 Martowe & Nasue Dido 1. i, Here in this bush dis- 
guised will I stand. 1677 Mrs. Benn Nover m1. i, Oh! he 
lay disguized. 

6. Intoxicated; drunk, tipsy. arch. slang. 

1607 DeLoney Strange //ist, (1841) 14 The saylors and the 
shipmen all, through foule excesse of wine, Were so dis- 
guisde that at the sea they shewd themselves like swine. 
1622 Massincer & Dekker Virg. Mart. ui. iii, Har. Lam 
a prince disguised. Hir. Disguised? How? drunk? 1667 
Drypven Wild Gallant 1. i, I was a little disguised, as they 
say..Well, in short, I was drunk. 1754 Cuesterr. World 
Wks. 1892 V. 293, I never saw him disguised with liquor in 
my life. 182x Scorr Kenilw. xxix, What if they see mea 
little disguised ? Wherefore should any man be sober to- 
night? 1883 W. C, Russeit Yack's Courtship in Longm. 

fag. III. 18 A woman, disguised in liquor, with a bonnet 
on her back. 1884 Besant Chiddr. Gibeon u. xxi, He was 
not ‘disguised’, his speech was clear. E 
: Hence Disgui-sedly adv., in a disguised manner, 
in disguise; Disgui-sedness, disguised state. 

1612 Be. Hatt /mprese of God u. in Recoll. Treat. (1614 
674 But alas, the painted faces, and mannishnesse, ani 
monstrous disguisednesse of the one sexe. 1631 WEEVER 
Anc. Fun, Mon, 24 Hee .. fled disguisedly by sea for his 
owne safety. 3633 RYNNE //istrio-Mastix u.u, ii. (R.) The 
strange disguisednesse of theatricall attires, 1683 J. BarNARD 
Life of Heylin 172(L.) He..studied schism, and faction, by 
his own example, and his pen disguisedly. 

Disguiseless (disgoi‘zles), a. [f. Disauise 
sb. +-LES8.] Without disguise, undisguised. 

1850 Browninc Xmas Eve §& Easter Day 232 Naked and 
disguiseless stayed, And unevadable, the fact. 1878 
Fraser's Mag. XV11. 427 Nature stood revealed before him, 
disguiseless, not ‘sophisticated ’, 

Disgui‘sement. [f. Discuisz v. + -MENT; 
cf OF. desguisement, mod.F. dég-, a disguising, 
that which serves to disguise.] 


1. The fact of disguising, or of being disguised. ‘sing, ///. a. [-Inc ®.] That disguises. 

nels Gctnene Cole ae tied ask ie they might | _ 156x dp news Se as ~ v. a ) 5s margin, 
not be put out of countenance by any faire di The disguisi ies which the ome useth 
1632 Lirucow 7rav. ui. 82 To lend..an old gowne, | in making of her Priests. tr. D'Argens’ Chinese Lett. 
and a blacke vaile for his disgui 1683 P xxxiii. 250 The Europ + pad their Faces with 
Myst. Div. 130 Blessed are they who through all these wiles | White and Red, and upon that disguisi g Paint they stick 
and dis uisements can —_ him. 1845 Blackw. Mag. LV\1, | abundance of little Plaisters of =f 
732 No disg atural form is pted. 3 + Disguisy, z. Ols. Forms: 4 deguise 
Vimes 13 Apr. 4/2 Such disguisement was always a direct - : , 
phar pe fer, cae i: military law. - (disgisi, -gesye), 4-5 degyse, 5 disgyse, -gisee, 

2. That which disguises, or whereby disguising | -guisee, -gisy. [a. OF. desguisié, déguisid, -s¢, 


is effected ; a disguise; a garb that conceals the 
wearer's identity. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 53 Assuring myselfe, that 
vnder that disguisement, I shanks find oportunitie to re- 
ueale myselfe to the owner of my heart. 1590 SPENSER 
¥. Q. 111. vii. 14 What mister wight.. That in so straunge 
disguizement there did maske. 1801 Strutt S/orts § Past. 
uu. fii, 171 Minstrels and sons in disguisements. 1823 
Lams Elia (1860) 26 In this disguisement he was brought 
into the hall. 1861 T. A. Trottore La Beata IL. xvii. 186 
To don a black disguisement, and put our own hands to the 
work of mercy. — 

3. p/. Additions or accessories that alter the 
appearance ; adornments, bedizenments. 

1638 Baker tr. Balzac’s Lett. ut. (1654) 105 It hath paint- 
ings and disguisements, to alter the purity of all worldly 
things. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) IL. 153 Stripped 
of all the disguisoments, and foreign mixtures cast upon 
them. 1867 D. G. Mircette Rur. Stud. 199 If the charm- 
ing but costly disguisements of a park cannot be ventured 
upon at once. 

Disguiser (disgai-za1). [f. Discuise v. + -ER1.] 
One who disguises. a. One who dresses himself 
up in order to act in a pageant; a masker or 
mummer, a GUISER. 

1481-90 Howard Househ. Bhs. (Roxb.) 517 Payd .. [for] 
stuff for dysgysers on Saynt Stevens day .. xvj.d. 
Fasyan Chron, vu. 558 Fyre was put to the vesturis of the 
disguysers. 1545 Hatt Chron., //en. VIII, an. 10(R.) Y° 
disguysers dissended from yt rock, & daunced a great 
space, 

b. One who or that which changes appearances, 
and makes things appear other than they are. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 628 He must use 
great prudence to discerne flatterers and disguisers of mat- 
ters. 1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M.1v. ii, 186 Oh, death's a great 
disguiser. 1729 Pore 7o Swift 11 Aug., [He] is quite the 
reverse to you, unless you are a very dextrous disguiser. 
1890 7emple Bar Mag. Jan. 22 The two main disguisers 
and disfigurers of humanity. 

+ Disgui'sily, a/v. Obs. [f. Discuisy a, + 
-LY2.] Strangely, extraordinarily. 

¢132§ Orfeo & H. 322 in D. Laing Sed. Rem. (1822), An 
hundred tours ther were about, Degiselich and bataild stout. 
¢13§0 Will. Palerne 485 Desparaged were i disgisili 3if i 
dede in pis wise. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. \xxiv. (1869) 
43 To the mille he was born, and disgisyliche grounden. 

+ Disgui‘siness. 0¢;. Also de-. [f.as prec. 
+-NeEsS.] Strangeness of guise or fashion. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 340 Precious clothyng is cowp- 
able .. for his softenesse, and for his strangenesse and 
degisynesse [zv. 7. disgisinesse]. cxg00 Beryn 2523 And 
mervellid much in Geffrey of his disgiseness. 

Disguising (disgaizin), vd/. sd. [f. Discuisz 
v.+-ING1,] 

1. The action of the verb Diseuise. +a. Change 
of fashion of clothes; strange or fantastic dressing. 

1398 Lollard Conclus. Art. xii,in J. Lewis Life Wyclif 
(1820) 342 Duodecima Conclusio, quod multitudo artium in 
nostro regno nutrit multum peccatum in waste, curiositate, 
et inter disguising. c1400 Facob’s Well 79 3if dysgysing, 
or excesse of clothys .. be perin .. panne is bat desyre of 
praysing & dely3t in pe clothys & rycches dedly synne. 
@ 1450 Kent. de la Tour (1868) 62 Noyis flode..stroied the 
world for the pride and the disguysinge that was amonge 
women, 1480 Caxton Chron, /ng. ccxxvi. (1482) 233 They 
+. chaunged hem euery yere dyuerse shappes and disguys- 
— clothyng. e 

. The assumption of a disguise, 

159t SuHaks. 7wo Gent, u. vi. 37 lle a her father notice 
Of their disguising and pretended flight. 

e. The giving of a false appearance or represen- 
tation ; concealing. 

a9 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 13 His going to N. 
to be but a meere disguising his intent. 1587 Gotpinc De 
Mornay xxii. (1617) 359 Disguisings of the trath. 

2. concr, + @.. Strange or new-fangled dress, Ods. 

1386 Cuaucer Fars, 7. P 351 The wrecched swollen 
membres that they shewe inca the degisynge in depart- 
ynge of hire hoses in whit and reed. c¢ 1485 Dighy Myst.v. 
150 These do signyfie Your disgysyng And your Araye. 

b. Dress or covering worn to conceal identity. 

1485 Act 1 Hen, VII, c.7 The said Mis-doers, by reason 
of their painted Faces, Visors, and other Disguisings could 
not be known. 1581 Lamparpe Elven. 1. iv. (1588) 419. | 

+3. A mask, or masquerade ; an acting by ‘dis- 
guisers’ or guisers, Ods. 

1481-90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 389 All suche stoffe 
-. that he bowgt for the ysing. 1530 Tinpace Pract. 
Prelates Wks. (Parker Soc.) 11. 339 The Frenchmen .. of 
late days made a play, or a disguising at Paris, in which the 
emperor danced with the pope. 1 Act 24 Hen, VIII, 
c. 13 lustes, tourneis. .or other marcial feates or disguisings. 
15' Hotixsuep Chron, 111, 893/2 This Christmasse was 
a goodlie disguising plaied at Graies In. 1688 R. Home 
Armoury 1. 77/2 Kin Cassibelane .. gave... many Dis- 
guisings, Plays, Minstrelsie and sports. 1801 Strutt Sforts 
& Past, 1. ii. 1445 Magnificent pageants and disguisings. 

+4, An alleged appellation for a ‘company’ of 
tailors. Ods. 

1486 Bk, St. Albans F vjb, A Disgysyng of Taylours, 


pa. pple. of de(s\guisier to DiscuIsE.] Disguised, 
altered from familiar guise, mode, or appearance. 

1, Wearing a disguise ; disguised ; masked. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 298 Pe Scottis sent ouer 
be se A boye of per rascaile, quaynt & deguise. c1350 
Will. Palerne 1610 Also daunces disgisi redi dizt were. 

2. Of changed fashion; of strange guise; new- 
fashioned, new-fangled ; monstrous; wrought, 
made, or ornamented in a novel or strange fashion. 

a1y40 Hamroie Psalter cxlvi. 11, Paire degyse atyre, & 
= licherous beryn; ¢ 1386 Cuavucer Pars. 7. P 343 

he cost of embrowdynge, the degise endentynge .. or 
bendynge. ¢ 1430 LypG. Bochas v1. xii: (1554) 159a, There 
is none other nacion Touching aray, that is so disguisee In 
wast of cloth and superfluite. cx Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 
1. exliv. (1869) 74 To roste a smal hastelet or to make a 
steike or sum oother disgisee thing. 

3. Strange, unfamiliar, extraordinary. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14787 To telle hit 
here hit ys no nede; Hit were a degyse pyng. ¢1350 Will. 
Palerne 2715 So long pei caired .. ouer dales & dounes & 
disgesye weyes. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) 74 Whi 
it is pf swich facioun. It is a thing disgisy to me. 

4. Feigned, done to deceive. 

1375 Barbour Bruce xix. 459 Zone fleying is right degyse. 
Thair armyt men behynd I se. c1430 /ilgr. Lyf Manhode 
1. xxii. (1869) 84 ‘Turnynge the gospel al up so doun bi dis- 
gisy woordes and lyinge. 4 

Disgu'lf, -gu‘lph, v. Also 7 disgolf. [f. Dis- 
7 c+ GULF, or from radical part of engulf] trans. 
To send forth or discharge as from a gulf. 

1635 Person Varieties 1. 24 The perpetuall and constant 
running and disgolfing of Rivers, b es and springs from 
the earth into it [the sea]. 1839 Baitry Festus iv. (1852) 44 
Canst thou not disgulph for me. .of all thy sea-gods one? 

Disgust (disgust), sd. [ad. 16th c. F. desgoust 
(Paré), mod.F. dégovt; or ad. It. disgusto ‘distaste’ 
(Florio), f. Dis- 4 + gusto taste: cf. Discus v. 
This and all the cognate words appear after 1600, 
They are not used by Shakspere.] 

1. Strong distaste or disrelish for food in general, 
or for any particular kind or dish of food ; sicken- 
ing physical disinclination to partake of food, drink, 
medicine, etc. ; nausea, loathing. 

161 Corcr., Desappetit .. a queasinesse, or disgust of 
stomacke. 1682 Gianius Vey. Bengala 43 This mishap 
was attended by a disgust to the Leaves which we hereto- 
fore found so good. 1799 J. Ropertson Agric. Perth 326 
‘The Highlanders in general had a disgust at this kind of 
food. 1803 Med. Frni. X..497 The nausea and disgust 
excited from the exhibition OF this medicine. 1837 Hr. 
Martineau Soc. Amer. 111. 61 The conflict between our 
appetites and the disgust of the food was ridiculous, 
Cropp Myths & Dr. 1. vi. 106 To this day the (hare). .is an 
object of disgust in certain parts of Russia, 

2. Strong repugnance, aversion, or repulsion ex- 
cited by that which is loathsome or offensive, as a 
foul smell, disagreeable person or action, disa 
pointed ambition, etc. ; profound instinctive dislike 
or dissatisfaction. 

1611 Corcr., Desaimer. .to fall into dislike, or disgust of. 
1632 J. Haywanp tr, Biond i's Eromena 26 It behooved him 
to make much of his wife, with no lesse art, than disgu 
(knowing her false). 1159 Rosertson /ist. Scot. 11. Diss. 
Murder K. Henry u, Croc .. represents her disgust at 
Darnley to be extreme. 1789 T. Ngo Writ. (1859) 
II. 574 His dress, in so gaya style, gives gen disgust 
against him. 1796 R. Bace Hermsprong |x, Unable to 
conquer her disgust to Sir Philip, 180x Mrs. Cran. Surru 
Lett, Solit. Wand. 11. 158 In her. .disgust towards her con- 
ductor, 18a2 Hazwirr 7 ad/e-t. Ser. 1, vii. (1869) 156 The 
object of your abstract hatred and implacable disgust. 1845 
S. Austin Ranke's Hist, Ref. 111. 33 He soon 
disgust across the Alps, 

. with a and 


1598 Forio, Disparére, a disopinion. .a disgust or vnkind- 
-_ B.'Harris Parival’s Jron Age ¢ left behind 
him, an immortal disg .. the g' party. 
1751 Smottetr Per, Pic, (1779) IIL. Ixxxi. 213 A couple so 


situated would be apt to imbibe mutual —— 1865 
Busunett Vicar. Sacr. iii. (1868) 77 His griefs, disgusts, 
and wounded sensibilities. ‘ 

+e. An expression of disgust. Ods, rare. 

a Ranxpoten Amyntas Poems (1668) 214 Will I be 
Archi-Flamen, where the gods Are so remiss? Let wolves 
approach their shrines, [etc.].. Such disgusts at last 
Awaken'd Ceres. 


+3, An outbreak of mutual displeasure and ill- 
feeling ; a difference, a quarrel. Ods. 


ce el td 166 Some phen n'd 
I a vag ona usly taken place 
causes strong dislike or repug- 


harles and H s 
4. That whic 
nance ; an annoyance, yexation. ? Ods. 
W. Mouxtacue Devout Ess. u. x. § 5 (R.), When the 
with the presence of the 


between 


pretenting of the beast fa joined 


DISGUST. 


1658 Suincssy Diary (1836) 210 Custome and 


disgust. 3 
continuance has sweetned those disgusts. 1761-2 Hume 


Hist. Fae Uso) Ill. xliii. 525 Some disgusts which she 
had received from the States, 1807-8 Syp. Smitu Plymdey’s 
Lett. Wks. 1859 11. 152/2 Nor can I conceive a greater dis- 
st to a Monarch .. than to see such a question as that of 
tholic <eoyp een argued [etc.]. 
(disga'st), v. [ad. F. desgouster (in 
R, Estienne 1539) ‘to distast,. loath, dislike, ab- 
horre’ (Cotgr. 1611), or ad, It. dsgustare ‘to dis- 
taste’ (Florio), f. des-,Dis- 4 + F. gouster (mod.F. 
goiter), It. and L. gustdre to taste. (The F. word 
was itself prob. from It.).} 

+1. trans, To have a strong distaste for or re- 
pugnance to; to loathe, disrelish, dislike, regard 
with aversion or displeasure. a. /2¢. of food. Ods. 

1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. u. 177 That you may 
disgust nothing you should eat: Let Hunger give the 
Hogoo to your Meat. sp 4 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chynt. 165 
It is not very palatable, which makes some disgust it. 1752 
Scotland’s Glory 27 Our Siloah’s streams disgusting For Eng- 
lish leeks and onions they And fleshpots still were lusting. 

+b. generally. Ods. : 

1601 Jip. Consid. Sec. Priests (1675) 64 There is no King 
. disgusting the See of Rome. .that would have endured us. 
x6rx Corar., s.v. Odeur, [1 ne la pas en bonne odeur, he 
disgusts him..he hath no good conceit cf him. 1654 H. 
L’Esrrance Chas. / (1655) 110 His Majesty .. disgusting 
Parliaments, was enforced to call in the aid of his Preroga- 
tive. @171%6 Soutn Serm. (1744) X. 282 Had he not known, 
that I disgusted it, it had never been spoke cr done by him. 

2. To excite physical nausea and loathing in (a 
person) ; to offend the taste or smcll of. 

1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 226 The nomen y es 
disgusts the palate. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 78 P1 The 
palate is reconciled by degrees to dishes which at first dis- 
gusted it. Jo. The smell of soap-works always disgusts 


me. 

3. To offend the s_nsibilities of; to excite aversion, 
repugnance, or sickening displeasure in (a person). 

1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 89 King James .. by 
the negotiations with Spain .. had disgusted many of the 
Reformed Religion. 67d. 273 The Pope was disgusted at 
the disobedience of the Christians. 1717 Asp. Kine in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1V. 316 Found him engaged ina prac- 
tice that disgusted and shamed all his friends. 1841 Ex- 
puinstone //ist. /nd. 11.557 Prince Azim had disgusted 
many of his principal officers by his arrogance. 1863 Mxs. 
Outenant Sad. Ch. xix. 328 He was disgusted with Phoebe 
for bringing the message, and disgusted with Beecher for 
looking pleased to receive it. 

b. adsol. To be very distasteful. 

1756 Burke Sudd. § B. 111. v, Want of the usual proportions 
in men and other animals is sure to disgust. 1763 J. Brown 
ory d &§ Alus. v.75 Vhe Musicand Dance of the Americans 
*,.at first disgusts. 

4. With from, of, against: To raise or excite such 
aversion in (a person) as dissuades or deters him 
from a proposed or intended purpose. 

1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 127 The very seeing of 
her disgusted me from Matrimony. 1781 JustaMonp /’77v. 
Life Lewis XV, 11. 133 The Monarch was ever soon dis- 

usted of gratifications that were merely sensual. 1788 
E Jerrerson Writ. (1859) II. 512 To disgust Mr. Neckar.. 
against their new fishery, by letting him foresee its expense. 
3879 ATcHERLEY Boerland 156, I put an expansive ball right 
on his snout..which .. thoroughly disgusted him of attack- 


ing us. 

+ Disgu'stable, a. Obs. rare. [f. Disausr v. 
+-ABLE.] Capable of exciting disgust; disgusting. 

1787 Minor 29 A-propos, Mr. O’Nial, this house is like 
yourself—in many things disgustable, 

Disgustant (disgy'stint), a. and sd. [f. Drs- 
GUST 7. +-ANT: in F. dégoutant.] a. adj. Disgust- 
ing. rare—°. b. sb. Something that excites disgust. 

1866 Macm. Mag. May 62 A deterrent and a disgustant. 

Disgusted (disgu'stéd), s/.a.  [f. Discusr z. 
+-ED.} +a. Distasteful, strongly disliked (0ds.). 
b. Feeling disgust or aversion ; chagrined. 

1668 Sourn Serm. xxvii. (1843) 467 Fear ..makes him 
unable to assert a disgusted truth. 1x Hearne Duct. 
Hist. (1714) I. 162 Wilson a disgusted Man wrote the Life 
of K. James. ay Wittock Voy. 11 He retired sullen and 
disgusted. 1819 Metropolis II. 189 [He] staggers from his 
intemperate banquet, and reels toa disgusted wife. 

Hence Disgu'stedly adv., with disgust or tepul- 
sion. 

1864 Louie's last term (N. Y.) 85 She. .put her lips to the 

lass, turned 4 { her nose very disgustedly. 188: Miss 
Bracoon Asfph, III. 98 Shrugging his shoulders disgustedly. 
nee rare. [f. as prec. + -ER.] 

+1. One who strongly dislikes ; cf. Disgust v. 1. 

168r J. Cottins Pref. to Glanvill’s Sadducismus, The 
truth of this story lying so uneasie in the minds of the 
disgusters of such things. 

2. He who or that which excites distaste or aver- 
sion. 


Disgustful (disgzstfil), a. [f. Discusr sé. 
+-FUL. Very common in 17-18th c.] 

1, Causing literal disgust; offensive to the taste 
or other sense; disagreeable, sickening, nauseous. 
_@1616 Beaum. & Fi. Bonduca 1. ii, The British waters 
are grown dull and muddy, The fruit disgustful. 1657 ‘Tom- 
Linson Renou's Disp. 169 All kinds of cordialls save those 
that are disgustful. 1727 Swirr Gulliver ww. vi, A medicine 
way annoying and disgustful to the bowels. 1814 Cary 

ante’s Inf. 11. 63 Blood, that mix’d with tears .. by dis- 
tful worms was gather’d there. 1888 Lowett Prose Wks, 
G80) VI. 199 These flesh-flies. . plant there the eggs of their 
isgustful and infectious progeny- 


453 


2. Distasteful, displeasing; causing dislike, dis- 
satisfaction, or displeasure ; offensive. arch. 

16x1 SpeEp //ist. Gt. Brit. vi. xxi. § 6. 108, I grieue; that 
my life and..Gouernment. .should seem so disgustfull vnto 
any. 1659 C. Nosie A/od. Answ. Immod. Q. 8 If any 
Prince were disgustfull..asperse and calumniate him, 1748 
J. Mason Elocut. 15 This unnatural ‘Tone in reading .. is 
always disgustful to Persons of Delicacy. 1774 //ést. 
Europe in Ann. Reg. 76/1 A trial by juries was strange 
and disgustful to them. ax Por Jlrs. Browning Wks. 
(1864) IIT. 424 A disgustful gulf of utter incongruity. 

8. With stronger implication : Causing disgust or 
strong aversion ; sickeningly repugnant or shocking 
to the moral sensibilities ; repulsive, disgusting. 

1678 Gace Crt. Gentiles III, 12 It seemeth so disgustful 
to many, if it be said, that God wils and produceth the act 
..of parricide. 1791 Burke Let, Afember Nat. Ass. Wks. 
VI. 34 The spawn of his disgustful amours. 1821 New 
Monthly Mag. 11. 385 A tragedy..which exceeds in horror 
the disgustful atrocities of ‘Titus Andronicus. 1852 Haw- 
THORNE Blithedale Kom. 111. ix. 164 Inexpressibly miser- 
able is this familiarity with objects that have been from the 
first disgustful. 

4. Full of disgust; associated with, or charac- 
terized by, disgust. 

(1782 V. Knox Ess. (1819) I. xxxvii. 200 It ceases to 
produce its natural effect, and terminates in disgustful 
satiety.) 1841 Lyrton N4. & Alorn, (1851) 244 He turned 
with hard and disgustful contempt from pleasure, 1866 STF- 
venson Dr, Fekyll ix. (ed. 2) 99 This person. .had..struck 
in me what I can only describe as a disgustful curiosity. 

Hence Disgu'stfully ad/v., Disgu'stfulness. 

173 Baitey (ed. 5), Disgust/ully, distastefully, un- 
pleasantly. 1782 V. Knox Ess. (1819) III. exlv. 131 Tris- 
tram Shandy is in many places disgustfully obscure. 1832 
Fraser's Mag. V.149 This does.away with much of the dis- 
gustfulness of death. 1853 Hawrnorne Our Old /ome, 
About Warwick (1879) 101 To shrink more disgustfully than 
ever before from the idea of being buried at all. 

Disgu'sting, 74/. sd. [see -1NG1.] The action 
of the verb Discust. (Now only gerundial.) 

1659 WoopHEAD S¢. Teresa t1. xxxv. 256 With the ex- 
tream disgusting of their kindred. 

Disgusting (disgy'stin), Ap’. a. [f. Diseusr 
v. + -ING*.] That disgusts (see the verb); dis- 
tasteful, sickening, repulsive. 

1754 P. H. //iberniad ii. 20 Particular Detail. .would be- 
come dry, and disgusting to the Stranger’s Palate. 1839 
Keicntcey //ist. Eng. 11. 39 The disgusting language of 
the indictment. 1843 Prescotr J/exico (1850) I. 302 Their 
disgusting cannibal repasts. 

Disgu'stingly, av. [f. prec. + -1y2.] In 
a disgusting manner, so as to cause disgust ; co/log. 
offensively, aggravatingly, annoyingly. 

1758 L. Tempe Sketches (ed. 2) 16 Neither .. flat on the 
one hand, nor disgustingly stiff on the other. 1804 Az. 
Rev. Il. 57/2 Calcutta is described as disgustingly filthy. 
a 1856 Masson Ess. iii. 75 He stands before them disgust- 
ingly unabashed. 1864 Daily Tel. x June, With these 
disgustingly long days, the night never would come cn. 
I Jessope Stud. Recluse vi. (1893) 198 The Younger 
Pliny. .was disgustingly rich. 

Disgu'stingness. [f. as prec.+-NnEss.] The 
quality of being disgusting ; an instance of this. 

1851 Fraser's M/ag. XLII. 175 ‘The same defect, carried 
out into sheer disgustingness. 1880 R. S. Watson 177s. 
Wazan ix. 165 Every disgustingness .. lies there bare and 
open to the day. 

+ Disgu'stion. 0ds. rare. 
v.: see -I0N.] =Discust 5d. 

1659 D. Pett /wpr. Sea Ded. C viij, Let not the irreligion 
of those places.. breed in you .. a disgustion unto the pure 
--Religion. /déd. 556 Homer brings in brave Ulysses in 
great despair, and disgustion of a drowning death. 

+ Disgu'stive, 2. Ods. rare—'. [f. Discusr 
v. + -IVE.} That tends or is fitted to disgust. 

1740 A. Hirt, Let. in Mrs. Barbauld Life Richardson 
(1804) I. 45 A heavy disgustive insipidness. 

Dish (dif), ss. Forms: 1 dise, (3 dischs, 
diss‘, 3-5 disch, -e, 4 (dise, dych, di3sch), 
dissch, -e, 4-5 dyssh,-e, 4-6 disshe, dishe, 
5-6 dyssche, dysch, dysche, 6 diszshe, 3- dish. 
[OE. disc plate, bowl, platter, = OHG. /ésc plate 
(MHG. and Ger. Z#sch table), OS. dsk table, MDu. 
and Du. disch table, ON. déskr plate (? from OE.) ; 
WGer, *disk(s), a. L. disc-us quoit, dish (in Vul- 
gate), Disk. ‘The OE. (like OHG. and ON.) re- 
presents a Latin sense of the word, while the sense 
‘table’ found in MHG. and other later dialects 
corresponds to a later Romanic sense, exemplified 
by It. deseo, F. dets, dais (Desk, Dais).] 

. A broad shallow vessel, with flat bottom, con- 
cave sides, and nearly level rim, made of earthen- 
ware, glass, metal, or wood, and used chiefly to 
hold food at meals. Now, on the one hand often 
restricted to those of oval, square, or irregular 
shape, as distinguished from the circular A/ate, and 
on the other extended to all open vessels used to 
contain food at table, as tureens, vegetable dishes, 
etc, 

azoo Epinal Gloss. 786 (O. E. T.), Patena, disc. a 800 
Corpus Gloss. 852 Ferculum, disc. cgso Lindisf. Gosp. 
Matt. xiv. 8 Sel me..in disc heafud iohannes, cx000 Ags. 
Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 23 Se be is on disce mid me hys 
hand. a@zzzg Aucr. R. 344 Ibroken disch, cxago S. Eng. 
Leg. I. 46/23 Ane Dischs of seluer he nam also, @ 1300 
Cursor M, 13159 (Cott.) Ask him.. His heued to giue be in 


[irreg. f. Discusr 


DISH, 


a diss. ¢ 1300 Havelok 919 Ful wel kan ich dishes swilen. 
¢ 1380 Wycuir IVks. (1880) 434 Dizschis & coupis of siluer, 
c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 32 In a dysshe thy gose thou 
close, 1535 CovERDALE Yudg. v. 25 She .. broughte forthe 
butter in a lordly diszshe. 1587 Mascat Govt. Cattle (1627) 
270 The common saying is, the hog is neuer good but when 
he is in the dish. 1662 i Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy, Ambass. 
198 The Wooden dishes that are all over Persia. 1710 STEELE 
Tatler No. 245 ? 2 A small Cabinet..in which were..halfa 
Dozen of Portugal Dishes. 1829 Soutney Pilger. Conpostella 
ii, They both slipt about in the gravy Before they got out 
of the dish. 188 Wueattey & Detamotte Art IVA. 
Earthenware iv. 49 Palissy..took the greatest pains in the 
fouling of the fishes..which he placed upon these curious 
ishes, 

b. A hollow vessel of wood or metal, used for 
drinking, and also esf. as a beggar’s receptacle for 
alms; a cup; cf. ALMS-DISH, CLACK-, CLAP-DISH. 

1381 [see ALMs-pISsH]. [c 1394 J. MALVE Contn. Higden 
(Rolls) IX. App. 79 Quoddam jocale argenteum et deaura- 
tum formatum ad mcdum navis, vocatur discus eleemo- 
synarum.) 1488 I¥72/ of I’ywale (Somerset Ho.), A new 
treen dyssh wt a pynte of ale therin. 1532 [see CLarrer 
sh.' 2], 1893 Suaxs. Rich. J/, 1, iii, 150 Vil give.. My 
figur’d Goblets, fora Dish of Wood. 1605 7 7-yadl Chev. 1. iil. 
in Bullen O. 2?’ ILI. 278, I know him as well as the Begger 
knowes his dish. 1634 Mitron Comns 391 Who would rob 
a hermit of. .his beads, or maple dish? 178x Cowrer 7 ruth 
80 Books, beads, and maple dish, his meagre stock. 

te. transf. Applied to an acorn-cup. Odés. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gadelhouer's Bk. Physicke 172/t Drie the 
little akorne dishes. .and contunde them sinalle. 

+d. Phrases. Zo cast, lay, throw (something) 
zn one’s dish: to reproach or taunt him with it. 
To have a hand in the dish: to meddle, interfere. 
To have a foot tn the dish (like a pig in the 
trough) : to gain a footing, have a share (cf. to have 
a finger in the pie). Ods. 

15x I. Witson Logike (1580) 62b, When wee charge 
hym with a like fault, and laye some greater matter in his 
dishe. 1596 Nasue Saffron Walden 67 Hee casts the 
begger in my dish at euerie third sillable. 1611 CovGr. s.v. 
A liboron, A..busie-body ; one that hath his hand in euery 
dish. 1615 Swetnam Avraigni. Worten (1830) p. xviil, 
Hir dowrie will. be often cast in thy dish if shee doe bring 
wealth with her. 1682 Buxyan //oly IWar 233 We have 
already also a foot in their dish, for our Diabolonian friends 
are laid in their bosoms. 1710 Sterne Vatler No. 164? 5 
Some. .have been so disingenuous, as to throw Maud the 
Milk-Maid into my Dish. 1722 Sewer //ist. Quakers 
(1795) I. 8 Under the bloody reign of Queen Mary, this 
was laid in his dish. 

2. The food ready for eating served on or con- 
tained in a dish; a distinct article or variety of food. 

1§26 2ilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 17b, ‘The moost hye 
deyntyes or delicate dysshes. 1601 Suaxs. Yul. C. u. i. 173 
Let’s carue him, as a Dish fit for the Gods. 1621x — Jint, 
T. 1. iii. 8 F quart of Ale is a dish for a King. 1655 
Mourer Et /fealth’s Improv. (1746) 190 Cambletes 
King of Lydia, having eaten of his own Wife, said, he 
was sorry to have been ignorant so long of so good a Dish. 
1675 Hoszes Odyssey (1677) 296 ‘Vo beasts and fowls is he 
Somewhere. .become a dish. 1750 Jounson Nambicr No. 78 
px The palate is reconciled by degrees to dishes which at 
first disgusted it. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 321 The 
ladies. .retired as soon as the dishes had been devoured. 
1853 SoveR Pantroph. 73 You will obtain a most delicate 
dish by boiling the cucumbers with brains. 

Jig. 1647 N. Bacon: Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xiv, The Theme 
of Marriage was the best Dish in all their Entertainment. 

b. By-dish, side-dish: see BY- 3a,S1DE. A/ade 
dish; a fancy dish of various ingredients, depend- 
ing for its success on the cook’s skill. Standing 
dish : one that appears each day or at every meal. 
(Also used ig.) 

162x Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. i. 43 Artificial made 
dishes, of which our Cooks afford us a great variety. 1654 
WuitLock Zootomia 146 Meer Quelquechoses, made dishes 
of no nourishing. 1876 W. H. Pottock in Contemp. Kev. 
June 56 ‘The mysteries had ceased to be the standing dish 
of theatrical entertainment. i : 

3. As aterm of quantity more or less indefinite. 
a. As much or as many as will fill or make a dish 
when cooked. b. A dishful, a bowlful or cupful. 

1596 Suaks. Merch. V.u. ii. 144, I haue here a dish of 
Doues that I would bestow vpon your worship. 1597 — 
2 Hen. IV, u. iv.5 The Prince once set a Dish of Apple- 
lohns before him. 1699 Damrier Voy. II. i. 175 The Boat 
returned with a good dish of Fish. 1873 Tristram J7oad 
xiv. 254 Trotter. .secured a good dish of fish in the pools. 

b. 1896 Suaxs. 1 Hen, JV, u1. iii. 35, Such a dish of skim’d 
Milk. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Aimbass. 171 He 
had taken off two or three Dishes of Aquavitz. 1679 
Trials of Green, Berry, etc. 65, I will go to the Coffee-house, 
and drink a Dish of Coffee. 171x Appison Sfect. No. 57 
P 4 She scalded her Fingers, and spilt a Dish of Tea upon 
her Petticoat. 1795 Yerma Il. 10 Having finished his 
dish of chocolate. 1824 Byron faz xvi. xxx, He sate him 
pensive o’er a dish of tea. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 
688 More than one seat in Parliament .. had been bought 
and sold over a dish of coffee at Garraway’s. 1862 Sat. Rev, 
XIII. 526/2 The cook anticipates many a cosy dish of tea 
with friends, 


e. fig. 
1606 Suaxs. 7”. §& Cx. v. i. 10 Thou full dish of Foole, 
1608 — Per. tv. vi. 160 My dish of chastity. 1708 Motrrux 
Rabelais v. vii. (1737) 24 Roger .. hada Dish of Chat with 
her. 1753 Gray Left. Wks. 1884 II. 241 To entertain you 
with a dish of very choice erudition. 1820 Lapy GRANVILLE 
Lett. (1894) 1. 183 This new dish of Continental troubles. 
1836 Backwoods Canada 183 For the sake of a dish of gossip. 
transf. A shallow concave vessel or receptacle 

of any kind. See also CHAFING-DISH, 


1633 G. Hersert Temple, Fustice ii, The dishes of thy 


‘DISH. 


ballance. 1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xxxii. 126 The 
Ropes which were 1 the Capstan pulled it out .of its 
Dish. c 1865 J. Wytpe in Cire. Sc. I. 305/2 Evaporating 
dishes are emp! ong 3 

5, A dish-like concavity; e.g. on one side of a 
wheel (see quots.) ; a depression in a field, etc. 
“1810 T. WILLIAMSON Agric. Mech. 95 The dish given to 
wheels. 1812-6 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. & Art 1.372 Wheels 
are commonly made with what is called a dish, that is, the 
spokes are inserted not at right angles, but with an inclina- 
tion towards the axis of the nave or centre-piece; so that.. 
the wheel appears dished or hollow. 1846 Worcester, Dish 
-.a hollow in a field. i F ; h 

6. As a specific quantity in various industries: 
+ a. An obsolete measure for corn. Cf. ToLL-pIsH. 

1419 Corn-dish [see Corn sb.! 11.]. 1774 T. West Anti. 
Furness (1805) 85, I will provide them mills for their foreign 
grain at the rate of the twenty first dish. 

b. Zin-mining. A gallon of ore ready for the 
smelter. ec. Lead-mining. A rectangular box used 
for measuring the lead ore; by Act 14and 15 Vict. 
c. 94 § 3 fixed to contain fifteen pints of water ; 
brazen-dish: see BRAZEN a. 4. A. Also, the pro- 
portion of tin or lead ore paid as royalty to the 
mine landlord, etc. 

1531 Dial. Laws Eng. u. lv. (1638) 173, If a man take 
a Tinne work, and give the Lord the tenth dah, 1602 CAREW 
Cornwall 13b, They measure their blacke Tynne by the .. 
Dish..which containeth..a gallon. 1631 Brazen dish [see 
Brazen a. 4). 1653 Mantove Lead Mines 53 But first the 
finder his two meers must free With oar there found, for 
the Barghmaster’s fee Which is one dish for one meer of 
the ground. /é/d. 75 The thirteenth dish of oar within 
their mine, To th’ Lord for Lot, they pay at measuring 
time. 1667 Primatr City & C. Build.7 A Ties load .. is 
nine dishes .. weighing about Four hundred and Fifty 
pound, 168: Houcuton Compl. Miner Gloss. (E. D. S.), 
Dish, a trough made of wood, about 28 inches long, 4 inches 
deep, and six inches wide; by which all miners measure 
their ore. 1884 R. Hunt Brit. Mining 83 Mining for tin 
and copper was carried on, in 1770 .. Permission was .. ob- 
tained from the lord of the soil, and an acknowledgment 
‘dish’, or ‘dues '—was paid to him .. commonly one-sixth, 
one-seventh, one-eighth, or even to one-twelfth, or less. 

e. Diamond and Gold-mining: see quots. 

1890 Goldfields Victoria 17, 1 haye obtained good dish 
prospects after crudely crushing up the quartz, 1893 Scott. 
Leader 19 May 7 About 120 ‘dishes’ go to a ‘load’ .. it is 
an astonishing ‘ prospect’ (4 carats [of diamonds] obtained 
from 6 dishes). 

II. [immed. from L. discus.) 

+7. A quoit ; quoit-playing. Ods. 

1382 Wyciir 2 Macc. iv. 14 They hastiden for to be maad 
felawis of wrastlyng..and ot oat: or cumpanye of dishe, or 
pleyinge with ledun dishe [2388 in ocupacions of a disch, 
ether pleiyng with a ledun disch; Vulg. disci; Coverpate, 
to put at y® stone; 1611 the game of Discus). 1552 HuLoet, 
Dyshe caster, or who that throweth a dyshe, aiscobolus, 

III. [f. Dish v.] 8. slang. The act of ‘ dish- 
ing’: see Disu v. 7. 

1891 Siz W. Harcourt Sf. 30 July, The last reliance of 
the Tory in an extremity is a policy of ‘dish’ as it is called. 

IV. Comb. 9. a. attrib. as dish-rack; b. ob- 
jective, as dish-dearer, -designer, -turner, -washing. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 122/1 Dysshe berer at mete, dis- 
coferus, 1842S, Lover Handy Andy v, A long procession 
of dish-bearers. 1 Tennyson Becket 5 A dish-designer, 
and most amorous Of..Gascon wine. 1894 H. Sreicut 
Nidderdale 384 Whitesmiths, dish-turners. 1891 Anthony's 
Photogr. Bulletin WV. 336 Dish-washing. .includes all that is 
required, with regard to cleanliness, in amateur photography. 

10. Special comb. : + dish-bench, -bink (orth. 
dial.), -board, a rest for dishes, a dresser, a plate- 
rack; + dish-caster (see 7 above); dish-cover, 
a cover of ware or metal placed over hot food ; 
dish-cradle, -cratch (dia/.; in Nares -catch), 
a plate-rack ; dish-crowned a., having a crown 
shaped like a dish; dish-faced a. (of dogs and 
horses) ‘having the nose higher at the tip than 
the stop’ (Stables Friend Dog vii. 50); (dial. of 
persons) having a round flattish face, like a re- 
versed plate; +dish-headed a., an epithet of 
monks; dish-heater, ‘a warming closet at- 
tached to a stove or exposed in front of a fire to 
heat dishes’ (Knight Dzct. Mech.) ; + dish-meat, 
food cooked in a dish, as e.g. a pie ; dish-monger, 
one who deals in, or has much to do with, dishes 
(of food); +dish-mustard, Turner’s name for 
Thiaspi arvense dish-plate, Min. (see quot.) 
dish-rag, -towel=DisH-cLotH; dish-spring, a 
spring shaped like a dish; dish- trough = Disu sé. 
6c. Also DISH-CLOTH, -CLOUT, -WASH, -WATER, etc. 

1483 Cath. Angl, 100/2 “Dische benke, scutellarium. 
1535 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 12 A cobbord with a dys- 
bynk, F. K. Rosinson /VAitby Gloss., Dish-bink, a 
kitchen rack for the plates, 1523 Firzners. Hush, § 146 
Swepe thy hous, dresse vp thy *dysshborde. 156a Richmond. 
Wills (Surtees) 152 My counter and dishebourd. 1831 
Society. I. 144 The *dish-covers are slowly raised. 1691 
Ray N.C. Words 133 *Dish-Cradle or Credle, a wooden 
Utensil for wooden Dishes. ?16.. Comical Dial. betw. 2 
Country Lovers (N.), My *dish-c{rJatch, cupboards, boards, 
and bed. 1600 Row.annos Let. Humours Bi vii. 1 
*Dish-crown’d Hat. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. inras 
II, 12 The *Dish-faced, or Roman Nosed Horse. 1825-80 

AMIESON, Dish-faced, flat-faced ; pen both to man and 

1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dish-faced, hollow-faced. 
1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 489b, Those *dish- 
headed dranes of that shavelyng and Cowled rowte. [¢ 1440 


454 


Promp. Parv. 122/1 *Dysshe > discibarium. 
Sree Pee RYA Welburn 1. 2558 re dysshe i= 
were put out of her presence. 1589 R. Harvey Pd. Perc. 


Hoime Armoury pee ne een and 
Oven. AL 


“Hence Dishabilitattion, disqualification; -im- 
ldisability. 


ing of a . 
36... Sc. Acts Chas. I, (1814) V. fam.) All prior act: 
of dishaliitetious, «1660 We Bee Doe baw Sere Die 
Aabilitation is a term sometimes used by our older law 


Oft. Glass 8 *Dish-mongers .. running into excesse of riot. 
1548 ‘Turner Names of Herbes 78 Named in englishe 
*dyshmustard, or triacle Mustard .. because the seede is 
lyke mustard seede in colour and in tast, and the vessel 
that conteyneth the seede is lyke a disshe. 1892 Hestor 
Northumbld. Gloss., Dish-plates, in mining, plates or rails 
dished to receive the fore wheels of a tub, to faciliate the 
teeming. 1825 J. Nicnotson Oferat. Mechanic 34 CC is 
a *dish-spring, secured in its place by the pin. 1883 Harper's 
—_ Feb. 3965/2 Mr. Ayer removed her *dish-towel from its 
nail. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. s.v. Barmaster, (Thel 
Barmaster looks after keeping the *Dishtrough. 


Dish (dif), v.! [f. Dis sb.J 

1. trans. To put (food) into a dish, and set it 
ready for a meal. Also with up (+ forth, out). 

1585 J. Hooxer Girald. Jrel. in Holinshed 11. 81 The 
thin fare that heere is disht before him. 1598 Epulario 
Biij, Dish the meat, and lay this sauce vpon it. ° 
Cutverwett Lt, Nat, 150 (L.) They dish out ambrosia for 
them. ¢ 1685 in Dk. Buckhm.’s Wks. (1705) Il. 48 She.. 
neatly dish’d it up with Egg-sauce. Mrs. RapciiFFre 
Eng. Housekpr. t:778) 189 When your dinner or supper is 
dished. 1833 Marryat 7. Simple i, Jemima, dish up! 
1879 Sata Paris herself again (1880) I. xvii. 261 Grilled 
bones. .dished up for you before bedtime. 

2. fig. To present (attractively) for acceptance ; 
to serve up. Also with uf (+ forth, out). 

r61r SHaxs. Wint. 7. 111. ii. 73 For Conspiracie, I know 
not how it tastes, though it be dish’d For me to try how. 
1641 Mitton Animady, (1851) 237 Lest, thinking to offer 
him as a present to God, they dish him out for the Devill. 
1658 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm. verse 15 ii. § 4 (1669) 121/2 
The heavenly viands disht forth in the Gospel. 1756 Wasu- 
INGTON Let, Wks. (1889) I. 265 Their success .. dished up 
with a good deal of French policy, will encourage the 
Indians..to fall upon our inhabitants. 1858 Doran Crt. 
Fools 70 This story..has been dished up in a hundred 
different ways. 

3. nonce-uses. a. To dish about: to pass round in 
a dish, to drink in turns from a dish or bowl. b. 
To receive (liquid) as in a dish. 

1719 D Urrey /il/s (1872) III. 311 Then dish about the 
Mother’s Health. 1847 H. Metvitte Omoo xvi. 59 The 
jute reared up on her stern..and when she settled again 
orward, fairly dished a tremendous sea. 

4. To fashion like a dish ; to make concave like 
a dish or its sides; to hollow out; spec. to set the 
spokes of a (carriage-wheel) at such an inclination 
to the nave that the wheel is concave on one side 


(purposely or as the result of an accident). 

1 Agric. Surv. E, Lothian 74 (Jam.), Formerly the 
wheel was much dished, from a mistaken principle. 1823 
P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 584 Dish-out, to form coves 
by means of ribs, or wooden vaults for plastering upon. 
1868 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. u. 1V. 1. Pa The yards are 
dished out in the centre to the depth of five feet. 1886 
A.W. Greecy Arct. Serv. 1. xxvii. 370 Seven hours’ travel- 
ling over very rough ground ‘dished’ a wheel, and lunch 
was taken while repairs were being made. 1887 Sorting 
Life 20 July 7/2 To facilitate turning the sharp ends, the 
eastern and western ends [of a bicycle-track] were 
‘dished’. : 

5. intr. To be or become concave; to ‘cave in’. 

1669 [see Disninc ffl. a.). 1886 A. W. Greety Arct. 
Serv. I. xxvii. 387 We had much trouble with our wagon, 
the wheel dishing frequently. 

6. intr. Of a horse; To move the fore-feet in 
his trot not straight forward but with a circular or 
scooping motion, 

1863 [see Disninc ff/. a.] 1869 Fitzwycram Horses & 
Stables § 931 The more prominent defects .. are rolling, 
dishing, cutting, and cealling. 1895 Letter /r. Corresp. 
I think the best description of a horse that dishes, would 
a horse that ‘ winds his forefoot '. 

7. trans. slang. To ‘do for’, defeat completely, 
tuin ; to cheat, circumvent. [From the notion of 
food being done, and dished.] 

a Monthly Mag. (Farmer), Done up, dish’d. 1812 
E. Nares Thinks I to Myself (1816) 1. 208 (D.) He was 
completely dished—he could never have appeared again, 
1819 Adbcillard §& Heloisa 10 A consummation greatly 
wish’d By nymphs who have been foully dish'd. 1826 
Scorr Jrui. 31 July, It was five ere we got home, so there 
was a day dished, 1830 Disrarii Let. 27 5 Ke 32 
He dished Prince Pignatelli at billiards. 1835 R. H. Frovpe 
Rem. (1838) 1. 419 You are now taking fresh ground, with- 
out owning .. that on our first basis I dish i 1847 
Mrs. Suerwoop Lady of Manor V. xxix. 103 If Fitzhenry 
can't raise the sum, he will be dished, and that in a few 
hours. 1 Latest News 29 Aug. 8 The Conservative 
leader would be glad again to perform the operation of 
‘dishing the Whigs’. 1880 Disrarit Lndym. xl, 1 believe 
it [the House of C ] to be letely used up. 
Reform has dished it. ? 

h, v2 Sc. [variant of Dusu v.] ¢rans. 
To push violently, thrust. 

18ar Gat Sir A. Wylie 1. 70 (Jam.) They hae horns on 
their head to dish the like o’ me. 

Dishabilitate (dis,habi-lite't), v. [f D1s- 6 
+ Hasirirate: cf. OF. deshadiliter to disqualify, 
depose,] ¢rans, a, Sc. Law. To incapacitate, dis- 
qualify. b. (sonce-use.) To render impotent. 

1662-81 Stair in M. P. Brown Sufi. Decis. (1826) 11. 243 
(Jam.) The Earl his father being forefault, and his posterity 
dishabilitated to bruik estate or dignity in Scotland. 187% 
R. Extis Cafudlus \xiii, 17 Ye, who. .could in utter hate to 
lewdness your sex dishabilitate, ree / 


s 


aut , and signifies the corruption of sequent 
a conviction for treason, 
bille (disabrl, -bil). Forms: a. 7 dis- 


habillie, -billié, 7-8 dishabillee, 8 dishabilie, 
-habilly, -abilly, deshabilé, 7-9 déshabillé. 8. 
7-9 deshabille, déshabille,8 deshabil. -y. 7-dis- 
habille, 8 dishabile, (9 dia/. disabil). [ad. F. 
déshabillé (in 1642 desabillé, Hatz.-Darm.) undress, 
subst. use of pa. pple. of déshabi/ler to undress, f. 
des-, Dis- 4 + habzller to dress, etc. The final -¢ 
of the French word (or its equivalent) has been 
occasional in English since the 17th c., but it was 
soon changed to ¢ mute, and the prefix generally 
(like OF. des-) altered to dis-.] : 

1. The state of being partly undressed, or dressed 
in a negligent or careless style ; undress. Usually 
in phr. 7” dishabille (=Fr. en déshabillé). : 

a. 1705 Farquuar 7win-Rivals v. iv, 1 found a little 
in the déshabillé. 1709 Mrs. MANLEY ‘New Atal.red. 2) 1.38 
(Stanf.) Favour'd by his Disabilly all tempting. | 2711 
Sreeve Sfect. No. 49 P 3 The Pleasures of their Deshablié. 
1711 Brit, A pollo iif. No. 144. 3/1 The Ladies .. A ‘d 
in such a Dishabilie there. . Woopwarp Eccen- 


') 26 His lady made a thousand a 

for being catched in such a dishabilly. 1885 AZ ume 

Nov. 601/1 The shortcomings of English costume pale 
token the déshadillé of the Dutch colonial ladies. 

B. 1708 Mrs. Centitvre Busie Body 1. i, What would 
she give now to be in this deshabille in the open air? 17% 
Swirt Cadenus § Vanessa 367 (1726) 96 A next 
glitt’ring Dames .. Came early, out of pure will, To 
see the Girl in Deshabille. 1773 SHeripan in Sheridaniana 
70 In studious deshabille beho! sit. 1861 T. A. TRoLLore 
La Beata |. vi. 125 The easy, confidential intercourse of her 
déshabille in the boudoir. E 

a tr. Plutarch's Mor. Pref. (L.), To surprise his 
mistress in dishabille. x 5 Cuurcni, Fourney Poems 
II. 5 Nor would I have the Sisters of the hill Behold their 
Bard in such a Dishabille. 1799 Soutuey Nondescripts iv, 
Were it fair To judge a lady in her dishabille? 
Burnanp My time ii. 13 Standing .. in his shirt-sleeves, for 
which dishabille he apologized to us. 

2. concr. A garment worn in undress; a dress or 
costume of a negligent style. 

1673 Wycuertey Gentl. Dancing ti 
.. instead of variety of new gowns and rich petticoats, with 
her dishabiilie, or flame-colour gown called Indian. 
Crowne Eng. Friar v. Dram, Wks. 1874 1V. 11x They 
only come in dishabillees to visit me, and did not 
your Lordship. 1713 Gay Guardian No. 149 ® 6 We have 
a kind of sketch Lidven .. ates: as the invention was 
foreign, is called a Dishabille; every thing is thrown on 
with a loose and careless air. 1789 Mav. D'Arsiay Diary 
2t Aug., She does not become a déshabille. a 1847 Mrs. 
Suerwoop Lady of Manor V. xxxi. 224 A_ neat ui or 
dishabille, is much din England. 1868 Gloss. Sussex 
Words in Hurst Horsham, I'm sorry, ma'am, you see me 
in such a dirty disabil. 

3. transf. and fig. 

171a Pork Let. § . Wks. 1737 V. 188 ts just 
warm from the brain, without any polishing or the 
very dishabille of the Se ooTe Eng. in 
Paris 1. Wks. 1799 1. 35 What has been the matter, Squire? 
Your face seems a little in deshabille. a1817 T, Dwicut 
Trav. (1821) 11. 142 Where nature .. is now naked de- 
formed, she will suddenly exchange the dishabille ; and be 
ornamented. .with her richest attire. 1825 Miss Mitrorp 
in L’Estrange Ze 11. x. 212 [Pepys] sets down his thoughts 
in a most becoming dishabille. Gat Laurie T. w. 
viii, (t849) 171 The house was in dishabille, 

+ B. as adj. (repr. F. déshabillé pa. pple.) In 
undress, negtgentty dressed. Obs. 

1691 /slington Wells 4 (Stanf.) Three Ladies Drest Dis- 
habillee. 1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 14/1 (Stanf.) He is 
Deshadbille, that is in a careless 

+ Dis ha‘bit, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Hanir 
v.: cf. F. déshabiter ‘to disinhabitate, or depriue 
of inhabitants’ (Cotgr.).] vans. To remove from 
its habitation or place of abode ; to dislodge. 

1598 Suaks. Yokn 1. i. 220 Those sleeping stones..from 
their fixed beds of lime Had bin dishabited. 

jha‘bitable, a. O¢s. rare. [f. D1s- 10 


+HasitaB.e.] Uninhabitable, 
1642 Lp. Farxiann Let, Earl Cumberland 5 Those false 
reports..make London dishabitable. A 
+ Dis,ha‘bited, 7//. a.' Ods. [f. F. déshabité 
‘ disinhabited, without inhabitants’ (Cotgr.) + -ED.] 
Uninhabited ; deserted of inhabitants (quot. sGee. 
E Ww Hist. Trav. I i : 
hot Done, rr be atogeniher dishabited for eat. 98a Finns 
i +a e 
SekctiGsd ‘Wike ‘igen Cosme Cirmmall eye, Tie a 
habited towns afford them om 2 
Dis,habitted, ///. a. [f. Dis- 10 + Ha- 
BITED.] ? Improperly habited or dressed. 
1648 S. Ke in 4th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm, 275/1, Thave 
certaine information that Sir Thos. Lu is gon up in 
an ould thredbare coate disshabited. 


Dis,habi‘tante, ». [f. Dis- 6 + Haprruate 
v., prob. after F. déshabituer in same sense.] trans. 
To render unaccustomed, to disaccustom : the re- 
verse of habituate. . 

1868 Browninc Xing §& Bk. 1x. 1276 To dishabituate By 


sip and sip, this drainer to the dregs O’ the draught of 
con’ i 1881 Contemp, Rev. Nov. 700 That and 


tric Excurs. (1 


4 


v. i, C 


| DISHABLE, 


not action has been alone permitted to the clergy as a body 
has dishabituated them for the conduct of affairs. : 
‘Dis,hable, obs. form of DIsaBLE v. 


Dishadow, var. of Dissuapow v. 
+ Dishaicr, v. Os. [f. Dis- 7a + Hair sd.] 


trans. To deprive of hair, remove the hair from. 
Celestina v1. 78 They pill, and dis-haire their eye- 
_ browes with nippers, — 

Di ow (disjhelo), v. f. Dis- 6 + 
Hattow v.] trans. To undo the hallowing of ; 
to destroy or violate the sacredness of ; to profane. 
Hence Disha‘llowing v#/. sb., profanation. 

rgsz Latimer Serm. in Lincoln i. 70 God hateth the dis- 
hallowing of the Sabboth. 16.. T. Apams Ws. (1861-2) 
II. 289 (D.) Nor can the unholiness of the priest dishallow 
the altar. 1647 Trapp Com. Matt. xxvi. 63 To pollute 
and dishallow..that ‘glorious and fearful name of God’. 
1833 Lamp Lett. (1888) II. 288 If curses are not dis-hallowed 
by descending so low! 1869 Tennyson Pelleas & E. 437 
Ye, that so dishallow the holy sleep, Your sleep is death. 

Disjhallucina‘tion. [Dis -9: cf. disil/u- 
sion.] A freeing from hallucination ; disillusion. 
1881 R. Bucuanan Child of Nature viii, He received ..a 
good deal of rough treatment and sorry dishallucination. 
Univ. Rev. Mar. 356 Returning .. under dishalluci- 
nation, we perceive that he does not really know so much. 


‘+ Dis;harbour, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 6 or 7 + 
Harsour v.or sd.] trans. To drive out of its 
‘harbour’ or place of shelter; to send adrift. 

1566 Drant Wail. Hierim. K vj, All reste disharboured 
from my soule. @161z Donne Bra@avaros (1644) 108 He 
[Josephus] says, our Soule is. .committed in trust to us, and 
we may not neglect or disharbour it. 

Disharmonic (disjhaimg'nik), a. [D1s- 10.] 
Not harmonic; without harmony; anharmonic. 

1887 H. Wactacu in so Inst. ¥rnl. XVII. 160 The 
head is disharmonic. The skull is sub-dolichocephalous, 
very broad, the forehead low, and the prognathism never 
much accentuated. 

+ Dis;sharmovnical, 2. Ods. [f. Dis- + Har- 
MONICAL, after disharmony.] =prec. 

1688 Norris Theory Love 11. i. 88 Some .. strokes upon it 
{a musical instrument] will..be harmonical, and other some 
--disharmonical. /é/d. (1694) 74 ‘The same Strokes, that 
were before disharmonical, may be now harmonical. 

Disharmonious (disjhaimd«nias), @.  [f. 
Dis- 10 + Harmonious; after azsharmony.] 

1. Not in harmony or agreement; marked by 
want of harmony. 


1659 H. More /amort. Soul (1662) 148 [It] may..prove 
painful to the Soul, and dis-harmonious to her touch. 
3661 Gianvitt Van, Dogm. iv. 39 The musician’s soul 
would be the most disharmonious, 1683 Tryon Way to 
Health, Thus there is caused an unequal disharmonious 
Life. x s4 J. Hitpvrop Afisc. Wks. 1. 38 Disharmonious, 
Banederty otions of the Fluids and Animal Spirits. 1876 
Farrar Marilb. Serm. xxxv. 355 Let me warn you against 
the fatal delusion that such a dual, such a divided, such 
a disharmonious life as this, is enough for God. 

2. Of sounds: Unharmonious, discordant. 

1683 Tryon lay to Health 461 The dis-harmonious noise 
of Drunken Healths and Roaring Huzza's. 1864 CaRLYLE 
Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. x1. iii. 56 Dispute which rose crescendo 
in disharmonious duet. ae 

Hence Dis;harmo‘niously adv., in a disharmo- 

nious manner, discordantly. 
Z ~~ H. More Myst. Jnig. To Rdr., Whose very title 
sounds so harshly and disharmoniously. 1865 CarLyLr 
Fredk. Gt, xy. xiit. (1873) VI. 97 This..victorious campaign 
«-With which all Europe is disharmoniously ringing. 

Disharmonize (dis,ha-1mdnoiz), v.  [f. Dis- 
+ Harmonize; after disharmony. Cf. mod.F. 
désharmoniser, neologism in Littré, 1874.] 

‘1. trans. To put out of harmony, destroy the 
harmony of ; to make unharmonious or discordant. 

r8or J. Carey in Monthly Mag. XI. 314 Instances in 
which the harmony of ancient versification is thus dis- 
harmonized by the application of modern accent. 1824 
Lams Elia Ser. 1. Blakesmoor in H-shire, A trait of affec- 
tation, or worse, vain-glory..disharmonizing the place and 
the occasion. 1843 Pusey Holy Eucharist 10 Our nature 
jarring still, disharmonized, obscured, deformed. 1858 SEARS 
Athan. Ul. x. 335 Cleared of disharmonizing elements. ‘ 

2. intr. To be out of harmony; not to harmonize. 

1863 B. Tavtor H. Thurston III. 22 A trifle of affectation 
in her did not dishar ize with such a face; it 
was natural to her. i a 

Disharmony (dis)hasméni). [f. Dis- 9 + 
Harmony; prob. formed after déscord. Cf. mod.F. 
désharmonie, neologism in Littré, 1874, also cor- 
Tesponding words in other mod, langs.] 

1. Want of harmony or agreement, discordance. 

ax60z W. Perkins Cases Consc. (1619) 6 The want or 
absence of harmony, which we call disharmony. 1665 
Gianvitt Scepsis Sci. xiii. 76 Reason and Faith are at 
plage Unisons, the disharmony is in the Phancy. 1768 

Ww Behmen’s Myst. Magnum hi. (1772) yo the Pro- 
perties in their Disharmony, Inequality, and Discord. a 
Cartyte Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. x1. ii. 33 Disharmony o 
mind and tongue. 1879 Farrar S¢. Paul II. 226 That 
sense of guilt which is the feeling of disharmony with God. 
b. with @ and g/, Something discordant. 
1833 Lams Elia (1860) 364 If it ever obtrudes itself as a 
‘mony, are we inclined to laugh? 1884 Ch. Times 
25 Apr. 331/4 The manifold disharmonies of Church and 
State in fingland, = 

2. Want of harmony between sounds; discord, 
dissonance. 

@ 1655 Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 10 A string over-stretched © 


455° 
makes ajar and disharmony. 1675 R. Burtioccr Causa 
Dei 398 No harmony or Dis-harmony in sounds. 1860 


Trencu Serm. Westm. Abb. xxiv. 279 Harsh discords and 
disharmonies .. make themselves hear 
[f. dé- for Dis- 


+ Disha‘tter, v. Ods. rare—'. 
1+SHaTrEr.] ‘rans. To shatter completely. 

1615 Danie Hymen's Tri. u. iv, I rather will Rend it in 
Pieces, and dishatter all Into a Chaos. 

+Dis;hau'nt, v. Ods. (Chiefly Sc.) Also 7-8 
dishant. [ad. OF. deshanter (Cotgr.), f. Dis- 4 
+ hanter to Haunt.) trans. To cease to haunt, 
frequent, or resort to; to absent oneself from. 

1584 Hupson Du Bartas’ Fudith w. 125 (D.) She dis- 
haunted the resort Of such as were suspect of light report. 
1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 48 The nobilitie and barons 
..now did dishaunt them. 1659 in W. McDowall //is¢. 
Dumfries xxxii. (1873) 371 Capt. Ed. Maxwell delate for 
dishaunting the ordinances. 1808-80 Jamirson, Dishaunt.. 
is still occasionally used. Aderd, 

Hence + Dis, haunting v//. 5d.; + Dis,hau‘nter, 
one who ‘dishaunts’. Ods. 

a 165 Catperwoop Hist. Kirk (1842-6) ILI. 375 The dis- 
haunting and intermissioun of the exercise. 1665 in Cramond 
Ann. Banff 11. 46 Several dishaunters of ordinances ordained 
to be summoned. 

Dish-cloth. A cloth used in the kitchen or 
scullery for washing dishes, etc. 

1828 in WesstER. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss. 25/1 Dish-clout, 
adish-cloth, 1887 R. BucHANAN Hetr of Linne i, A sort of 
banner, composed of an-old towel or dish-cloth, 

Dish-clout. ach. or dial. A ‘clout’ or cloth 
used for washing dishes, etc.; =prec. J the 
wringing of a dish-clout: speedily, immediately. 

1530 ParsaGr. 214)1 Disshecloute, souzlon. 1577 FENTON 
Gold, Epist. go As the saying is, washe their face with faire 
water, and drie it ouer with a dishcloute. 1677 Horneck 
Gt. Law Consid. iii. (1704) 68 He that makes a rich carpet, 
doth not intend it for dish-clouts, 1782 Map. D’Arsiay 
Diary 28 Dec., What a slut Mrs. Ord must think me, to 
put a dish-clout in my pocket! 182x Scott Kexilw. ix, 
Breakfast shall be on the board in the wringing of a dish- 
clout. 1824 W. Irvine 7. 7rav. II. 36 And have known 
Hamlet to stalk solemnly on to deliver his soliloquy, with 
a dishclout pinned to his skirts. 1877 E. Peacock NV. WW. 
Linc. Gloss. 86/1 ‘Go thee ways or I'll pin th’ dishclout 
to thee tail’ is not unfrequently said to men and boys 
who interfere in the kitchen. 

b. taken as a type of limpness and weakness. 
a8 Tryon Good House-w. i. (ed. 2) 7 You are now weak 
as Water, and have no more Spirits than a Dish-clout. 1863 
Mrs. Carcyce Let¢?, III. 170, I was on foot again—but weak 
as a dishclout. 
¢. used in contemptuous comparison or allusion. 

@1529 SKELTON Poems agst. Garnesche 36, A bawdy dyshe- 
clowte, That bryngyth the worlde abowte. 1592 SHaks. 
Rom, & Ful. wu. v. 221 Romeos a dish-clout to him. 1636 
MassincEr Bashf, Lover v. i, I am gazing on this gorgeous 
house ; our cote’s a dishclout to it. 

d. transf. 

1615 Crooxe Body of Man 97 The Latines [call the caul] 
Mappaventris, the dish-clout or map of.the Belly, because 
it licketh vp the superfluities thereof. 1785 Grose Dict. 
Vulg. Tongue s.v., Yo make a napkin of one’s dish-clout, 
to marry one’s cook. 31822 Scotr Fam. Leit.25 June, It 
was hard he should be made the dish-clout to wipe up the 
stains of such a man. 

e. attrib. 

1589 Nasue Almond for Parrat 11b, More .. then his 
dish-clout discipline will sette vp in seauen yeeres. 1755 
H. Wavrpote Let. Geo. Montagu 20 Dec., That old rag of 
a dish-clout ministry, Harry Furnese, is to be the other lord. 

Hence Dish-clout v. /ravs., to wash with a dish- 
clout. 

186x Maynew Lond. Labour 111. 363 (Hoppe) They are 
expected ..to dish-clout the whole of the panels [of a cab]. 


+ Disiheart, v. O¢s.. Also 7 dishart. [f. 
Dis- 7a + Heart sd.] = DISHEARTEN. 

1603 J. Davies A/icrocosmos (1876) 42 (D.) When, therefore, 
divine justice sinne wil scurge, He doth dishart their harts 
in whom it raignes. 1612 1’. Taytor Com. Titus i. 13 The 
which would vtterly disheart them. a@1616 Beaum. & FL. 
Bonduca i. i, Car. Have not I seen the Britains — Bond. 
What? Caz. Dishearted. 

Dishearten (dis,ha‘it’n), v. Also 7 disharten. 

f, Dis- 6+ HEARTEN, or from prec. + -EN 5, after 

earten.] trans. To deprive of ‘heart’ or courage; 
to discourage, dispirit, make despondent. 

1599 Suaxs. Vex. V, 1v.i. 117 No man should possesse him 
with any appearance of feare; lest hee, by shewing it, 
should dis-hearten his Army. 1606 Warner Ab. Eng. xiv. 
xc. 365 Their former losse dishartned them so much. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. I. 120 A great part .. disheartened by 
the severity of the winter, returned to England. 1838 
Tuirtwatt Greece IV. 115 Lysander exerted his utmost 
efforts to thwart, discredit, and dishearten his successor. 

+b. with complement: To discourage from 
doing something (also with fo and zzf.). Ods. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 121 The Turkes got the 

eatest losse, and were disheartned to proceed further. 1642 

‘uLLER Holy & Prof. St. 11. xvi. 109 They are disheartened 
from doing their best. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 11. (1862) 235 
She urged what she could to dishearten me to it. 1697 
Dampier Voy, I. 27 Disheartned them from that design. 

+e. with an action or the like as object: cf. 
DiscouraGE 2. Obs. : 

1658 Whole Duty Man Pref. 4 Where this is wanting, it 
disheartens our care. 1668 CLARENDON ind. Tracts (1727) 
64 An uncertainty which must dishearten any industry. 


Dis,heartened, #//. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
tas i iy dispirited: see the verb. 
1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 210 We-were a dis- 


DISHERENT., 


heartened army. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 517 The 
Whigs were a small and a disheartened minority. 

Hence Dis,hea'rtenedness, dispirited condition, 

a 1679 T. Goopwin Was. II. 1.170 (R.) A disheartenedness 
and dejection of mind. 1863 Dicey Federal S¢. 11. 273, 
I heard no cry of despair or disheartenedness. 

Disjhea‘rtener. [f. DisHeaRTENn + -ER1.] 
One who disheartens. 

1645 City Alarum g A disheartner of Gods people. 

Dis, hea‘rtening, 22/. sd. [f. as prec. + -ING 1.] 
The action of vb, DISHEARTEN ; discouragement. 

1619 W. Scraier Exp. 1. Thess. (1630) 309 Hierome 
thought labour a dis-heartning to the Tempter. 1654 Wuit- 
Lock Zootomia Pref. Avj, Or else he may lye open to such 
disheartnings, as become not..these undertakings. 

Dis,hea‘rtening, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING ?.] 
That disheartens; discouraging, dispiriting. 

1654 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 101 As serviceable to 
the Rebells.. and as dishartning to honest men. 1748 
Anson's Voy. 1. x. 107 Under these disheartning circum- 
stances. 1860 Froupe Hist. Eng. V, 235 Friends brought 
in disheartening news. 

Hence Dis,hea‘rteningly adv. 

1742 Battey, Dishearteningly, by way of Discouragement. 
1882 Hai Caine Recoll. D. G. Rossetti 98 Dishearteningly 
unpropitious weather, 

Dis, hea‘rtenment. [f. DisnearrEn +-MENT.] 
The act of disheartening, or fact of being disheart- 
ened; discouragement. 

1830 CartyLte Afisc. (1857) II. 143 No_disheartenment 
availed with him. 1876 Farrar Mardé. Sermt. xxxix. 393 
Among the disheartenments of labour and the strife of 
tongues. 1886 Mrs. A. Hunt hat Other Person 111, 211 
A sigh of complete fatigue and disheartenment. 

Dished dift), f/.@. [f. Disnzv.1+-Ep.] a. 
Put in a dish. b. Shaped like a dish; made 
slightly concave. ¢. slang: see DISH v. 7. 

1586 1. B. La Privaud Ir, Acad, 1. (1589) 195 Raddish 
rosted in the ashes..was all the dished he had to his 
supper. 1650 BuLWER Axthropomet. 241 They use Disht 
wheat with milk. 1737 Bracken Farriery nip. (1757) 11. 
37 The Soles..a little hollow or dish’d. 1812-6 J. Suiru 
Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 372 Dished wheels have many ex- 
cellencies. 

+Dishe'dge, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7a 
+ HEDGE sé.] trans. To deprive of its hedge. 

c1586 C’rrss. Pemproke /’s. Ixxx.iv, Why hast thou now 
thy self dishedg’d this vine? 

+ Dis,heivr, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 7b + HErR.] 

1. “rans. To deprive of or turn out of one’s in- 
heritance; to disinherit. 

(1492 Act.. Dom. Conc. 262 (Jam.) In distitutioun and dis- 
hering of the said Gelis [perh. error for disherising]. 1607 
Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. iii, Sword ,. Thou shalt dis-heire 
him ; it shall be thine honor. 

2. To deprive of an heir. 

1687 DrypEn. //ind & P. 111. 705 To hew th’ imperial Cedar 
down, Defraud, Succession, and dis-heir the Crown. 

[Dishele (Halliw.), error for d/shese, DISEASE.] 

Dishelm (disjhe'lm), v1 [f. Dis- 7 a+ Heim 
helmet, after OF. desheaulmer, -healmer, in same 
sense.] 4ans. To deprive or disarm of one’s 
helmet. zv¢,. for vefl. To take off one’s helmet. 

€1477 Caxton Fason 25b, Incontinent as .. Jason hadde 
: sSmyOM doun the geant to the erthe..he dishelmed. 1525 
Lp. Berners Froiss. 11, clxviii. [clxiv.] 469 Sir Raynold 
dishelmed the Englisshe knyght. 1615 CHArMAN Odyss. 
xiv. 383 Jove made me yield, Dishelm my head. 1847 
‘Tennyson Princess v1. 85 When she saw me lying stark, 
Dishelm’d and mute. 

Bishelm (disjhelm), v2 [f. Dis- 7a + 
HeELM.] ¢rans. To deprive of the helm or rudder. 

a1849 H. Coteripce Poems (1850) II. 155 Fear that dis- 
helms The vessel of the soul. 1861 Lyrron & Fane 7ann- 
héuser 75 To float, dishelm’d, a wreck upon the waves. 

Dishelv’d: see DisHEVELLED. 

Dishenerite, -yt, obs. f. disenherit, D1six- 
HERIT. 

Disher (dif). 
cf. saddler.} 

+1. A maker or seller of dishes. Oéds. 

in Riley Mem. London (1868) 54 John le Disshere. 
1 Lanct. P. Pl. A. v. 166 A Ropere, a Redyng-kyng, 
and Rose pe disschere. [1377 B. v. 323 Rose be dissheres ; 
v.r. dyssheres dou3ter. 1393 C. vil. 372 disshere]. @ 1500 
Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 572 Cipharius, a cuppere, or a dyssh- 
ere. 2 O. Hestor Norihumbld. Gloss. 238 Disher, a 
turner of wooden bowls or dishes. Within the memory of 
some still living (1886) there was a disher working at Mit- 
ford. (Obs.) ; 

2. One who dishes or serves up food. ? Obs. 

1598 FLorio, Jbanditore, a gentleman sewer, a disher or 
dresser vp of meates. 

3. One who ‘dishes’: see DISH v. 7. 

1892 Pall Mall G. 21 June 1/3 By the indignation which 
the dirty trick will excite .. the disher will thus in the end 
be dished. 

+ Disjherbage, v. 00s. [f. Dis- 7a + Hers- 
AGE sé.] trans. To deprive or strip of herbage. 

1542 Upart Eras. Apoph. 216b, These wordes, Aeco- 
Botaveiy éxoinge, that is, ‘hath brought this climate to clene 
disherbageing’, smellen all of the inkehorne. Z 

Dis,herent, a. xonce-wd. [f. Dis- 4 + radical 
part of co-herent.] The opposite of coherent; in- 
coherent ; incongruous. 

,, 1890 J. H. Stirtinc Philos. & Theol. iii. 49 It is the To 
avti£ovv ovudéporv, the coherent disherent, attributed to 
Heraclitus by Aristotle, 


[f. DisH 5d. and v. + -ER!: 


DISHERESS, 


+Di'sheress. Oés. rare. [f. Disner sb. + 
-Ess.} A woman who makes or sells dishes. 

1377 [see Disuer 1). [Margaret la Disheresse is cited in 
Bardsley Ene Surnames from the Hundred Rolls.] 

herid, -ied, obs. pa. pple. and pa. t. of 
DIsHERIT v. 

Disherison (disjhe'rizan), sb. Forms: a. 3-4 
desertison, -tesoun, diserteisoun, 4-5 dishe- 
riteson, -itison, -etison, -yteson, desheryteson. 
B. 5- disherison. Lorig. disheriteson, a. OF, 
des(h)ertteisun, -eison,n. of action from des(h)ertler 
to Disuerir. (The full L. type was *déshérédita- 
tién-em : the syllable ed was dropped in OF., the 
t before s in English.)] The action of depriving of, 
or cutting off from, an inheritance; disinheritance. 

c1ago Beket 1336 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 159 Pat it .. were .. 
with on-ri3te and a-3ein lawe In desertison of mine churche 
to costome i-drawe. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 214 To 
him and his heyres grete disheriteson. 1340 Ayenh. 48 
Desertesoun of eyr and ualse mariages. 1 Rolls of 
Parit. U1. 451/2 Forfaitures of heritages, and disheretisons. 
1491 Act 7 Hen. VI, c. 18 The utter disheriteson of your 
seid Suppliant. 1495 Act 11 Hen. V//, c. 35. $9 To the 
hurte prejudice nor disherison of the seid George or of his 
heires. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. V///, c. 13 The saide hauen 
is. likely to be lost for euer, to the kynges disherison, and 
hurte of the common welth. 1607 Cowett /n/lerpr. s.v. 
Contra formam collationis, The Abbot..hath made a feof- 


ment. .to the disherison of the house or church. 1750 CarTr | 
Hist. Eng. ll. = Pardoning them all as to life, limb, im- | 


prisonment and disherison, 1844 Wittiams Real Prop. (1879) 
67 To prevent improvident alienations .. of landed estates, 
by.. dying persons, to the disherison of their lawful heirs. 

+ Dis,he'rison, v. Oés. rare—1. [f. prec. sb.] 
trans, To disinherit. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1v. 212 To defraud rav'nous this 
expectant of his hopes, and to disherison his malignant issue. 

+ Dis he-riss, v. Obs. (Chiefly Sc.) Forms: 
4 dysherys, 6 disheris, -heireis, -heriss, 7 dis- 
heriss, disherize. [14-16th c. Sc. désherdss, as 
if f. extended stem of an OF. *d/shertr to disheir, 
which may have been used in AF. The correspond- 
ing E. form would be désherish; the form in -1ZE 
is due to confusion of verbal suffix: cf. advertise, 
amortize.] =next. 

1375 Barsour Bruce u. ror 3e se How Inglis men, throw 
thar powste, Dysherysys me off my land. 1500-20 Dunsar 

’0ems \xvi. 38 The temporall stait to gryp and gather, The 
sone disheris wald the father. 1536 BeLLENDEN Cron, Scot. 
(1821) I. p. Ixiv, This was Edward .. disherist of the crown 
of Ingland. 1609 Skene Keg. May. 41 Quhen ane man .. 
does anie thing. .for the quhilk he is disherissed : his heret- 
age vses to returne, as escheit to his over-lord. 1611 Speep 
Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. v. § 25 These. .thus disherized, ought of 
right. .giue first assault on their vnrighteous oppressor, 


+ Disherit (disjhe'rit), v. Ods. 
deserit(e, -yte, -et, 4 desherit(e, dysheriete, 
4-5 diserit(e, -yt, dyserit, 4-7 disherite, 5-6 
dis-, dysherit, -yt(e, -et(t, -eit, 4-8 disherit. 
[ME. a. OF. desheriter, deseriter, -ereter, -ireter, 
cte., mod.F. déshértter = Pr. des(heretar, Sp. des- 
heredar, Pg. desherdar, It. diseredare, med... dts- 
heritire, deherttare (Du Cange) :—Rom. desheret- 
are, for L. *de-, *disheréeditare, {. De- 6, Dis- 4 + 
héréditare to inherit, f. hérzdi/as heirship, inherit- 
ance. ‘The pa. pple. and sometimes the pa. t. had 
also the shortened form désher7t, with the variants 


Forms: 3-4 | 


disherid, -ted, deserved, destrit: see examples at | 


end of the article.] 

1. “rans, To deprive or dispossess of an inherit- 
ance ; to disinherit. 

crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 74/107 Alle opure weren deseritede. 
et Cuaucer L. G. W. 1065 Dido, That euere swich a 
noble man as he [Eneas] Schal ben diserityd in swich degre. 
c1465 Eng. Chron. (Camden) 16 Thow hast thaym slayne 
vnrightfulli, and disherited thair heiris. 1. STARKEY 
England 1. ii. 6 Hyt were not mete that the father schold 
dysheryte hys chyld. 1634 Six T. Herpert 7rav. Table 230 
[He] rebels against his, Father, is disherited by his Fathers 
will. 1700 Drypen Fadles, Pal. & Arc. m1. 968 The 
dryads and the woodland train Disherited ran howling o'er 
the plain. 

b. Const. of (rarely from). 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5394 He scholde.., 
Deserite Wyder of ylka del. ¢ pod Cuaucer Melib. ? 869 
‘To desherite hem of al pat euere they han. 1523 Fitzners, 
Surv. Prol., Disheryted of their possessyons. 1§70 T’, Nor- 
ton tr, Nowel's eget ei 193 Like children disherited 
from their father's is. 1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. u. 
1682) 5 Disherited of thelr Fathers kingdom. 1795 Sournry 

oan of Arci.172 The great and honourable men Have 
seized the earth, and of the heritage Which God. .to all had 
given, Disherited their brethren ! z r 

2. fig. To deprive, dispossess ; to banish from its 
rightful domain (quot. 1579 '). 

€ 1400 ger maget tag ta xxxil.145 Ay to bis tyme we bene 
in peess, of be whilk pou will now dispoile vs and disherit 
vs. 1579 E. K. Ded. to Spenser's Sheph. Cal., This Poet.. 
hath labored to restore, as to their rightfull heritage, such 
good and naturall English wordes, as love beene long time 
out of use, and almost cleane disherited. 1579 Lyty Euphues 
(Arb.) 192 Thou art an heyre to fayre lyuing, that is nothing, 
if thou be disherited of learning. 1795 Coteripce Yuvenz 
Poems (1864) 62 Made blind by lusts, disherited of soul. 

Hence Dishe‘rited f//. a., Dishe'riting vé/. sd. 

in Wyctif’s Sel. Wks. 111. 471 A pleynt of disherytyn 

of his ri3t and possessions. ¢ St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 
5522 Of hair diserytyng to sees[=cease]. 1613-8 Daniet 


456 


Colt. Hist. Eat. 154 The dis-herited returne answer 
to the Legat. ULLER Ch. Hist. 111. vii. 5 2 The 


’ misses tend..to the disheriting of the Crown of En; 


“{ Examples of pa. pple. and pa. t. disherit, 
etc. 

€ 1314 Con Warw. (A.) 6164 Thurch felonie mi fader he 
slough, Mi brother he desirit with wough. c1375 Lay 
Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 379 Pore, exilde, cota a 
XI Pains of Hell 39 in O EL. Misc. ots a dd yn 
treu ayrs vnry3tfully. 1460 Carcrave Chron. 289 Many 
men were disherid of her is. 1523 Firzuers..Suv. Prol., 
Theyr heyres shuld nat be disheryt. a@1§33 Lv. Berners 
Huon \x. 210 He hath dysheryt me 

+ Dis;he'ritance. 0és. [a.OF. des(h)eritance, 
f. desheriter: see prec. and -ANcE.] The act of 
disinheriting ; disinheritance. 

¢1450 Loneticn Grail xxix. 85 It was cawse of here dis- 
heritaunce. 1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. i. (1638) 61 The 
alienation is to his disheritance, and therefore it is a for- 
feiture of his estate. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. 195 
Infinite losses and disheritances are like to ensue to the 
founders of the said houses. .and their heirs. 

+ Dis,;he-rite. 00s. In 4 deserite, -yte. [perh. 
a. OF. des Ajerité disherited, pa. pple. used subst.] 
A disinherited person. 

1 R. Grouc. (1724) 452 Hii sette deserytes in be myddel 
oaks pat pe kyng adde bynome her lond. did. 563 Pe 
kniztes were deser.tes in pe fond aboute wide. 

Disjheritment. vere. [f. Disnerit v, + 
-MENT: in OF. desheritement.] The act of disin- 
heriting ; = DISHERITANCE, 

1881 Scribner's Mag. XXII. 757 [He] dared to hand to 
the ‘I'sar .. his protest against the act of disheritment. 

+Dis,heritor. Ods.rare. [f. Disuerir v. + 
-or for AF. -our.] One who disinherits. 

1607-72 CowELt /nterpr., Disheritor, one that disinherit- 
eth, or puts another.out of his Inheritance, 3 E. 1 cap. 39. 

Disherize, var. of DisHEriss, Ods. 

Bishero (dis,hi-ro), v. iG Dis- 7 b.] trans. 
To deprive of the character of a hero. 

1838 CartyLe A/isc. (1872) VI. 30 A hypothesis. that Mr. 
Lockhart at heart has a dislike to Scott, and has done his 
best in an underhand, treacherous manner, to dishero him, 

Dishese, obs. form of DISEASE, 

+ Dishe-vel, az. Os. In 4-5 discheuel(e, 
disshevele, dysshyuell, 5 dishiuill, (Sc.) dys- 
chowyll. [Variant of DisHeveLy, a. OF. des- 
chevelé, with final ¢ mute in Eng. Cf, Assicn 
sb.] 

1. Withcut coif or head-dress ; hence, with the hair 
unconfined and flung about in disorder. Sometimes 
app. in wider sense: Undressed, in dishabille. 

¢ 1381 Cuaucer Parl. Foules 235 In kyrtelles al discheuel 
[v. rr. dysshyuell, discheuele, dissheueld, dissheueled, dis- 
chieflee] went pei per. cx —L.G. W. 1720 Lucretia, 
This noble wif sat by hire beddys side Discheuele [v.”. 
disshevely] for no maleyce she ne thoughte. ¢ 1470 Henry 
Wallace x1. 1014 Eftyr mydnycht in handis thai haiff him 
tane, Dyschowyll on sleipe. 

2. Of hair: = DISHEVELLED 2. 

1450 Crt. of Love 139 And all her haire it shone as gold 
so fine acpi crispe down hanging at her backe A yard 
in length, 

Dishevel (dife'vél), v. [perh. a. 16th c. des- 
cheveler (Cotgr.), mod. décheveler; but prob. chiefly 
a back-formation from D1ISHEVELLED. ] 

1. trans, To loosen and throw about in disorder 
(hair and the like) ; to let (the hair) down, 

1 Fiorio, Dischiomare, to disheuell, to touze ones 
hatre. 1611 Cotcr., Descheveler, to discheuell ; to pull the 
haire about the eares. 1618 Barnevelt’s Apol. Diij, Vhe 
Peacock when he’s viewd disheuels his faire traine. 1648 

os. Beaumont Psyche u. ix, They.,dishevel May Round 
l'ellus’s springing face, 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam, 

I. 201 He had been at court in the morning ; but though he 
had changed his clothes, he had omitted to dishevel his hair. 
1826 Blackw. Mag. XX. 397 She now dishevels.,the un- 
singed beauty of her flowing tresses. 

+2. intr. (for ref.) Of hair: To hang loose or 
in disorder. Ods. 

1638 Six T. Herpert 7rav. (ed. 2) 230 Their haire curling, 
dishevells oft times about their shoulders. did. 355. 

Hence Dishe'velling v/. sd. 

1656 Br. Hatt Rem, Wks. (1660) 244 The .. wanton 
fashion of the womans dissheveling her hair. Map. 
D’Arstay Diary 17 July, Just as I was in the midst of my 
hair dishevelling, I was summoned, 

Dishevelled,-eled (dife'véld), //.a. Forms: 
5-7 discheveled, 5 dishevilled, dyssheuelled, 
6 disheuld, discheaueled, 7 -evell’d, disheveld, 
-eviled, -euelled, 7- dishevelled. [f. OF. des- 
chevelé mod.F. déchevelé (see DISHEVELY a.) + -ED.] 

+1. =DisHEvEL a, Ods. 

¢ 1450 Merlin 453 She was discheueled and hadde the feirest 
heed that eny woman myght haue, /da7. 646 An olde woman 
discheueled, and all to-rente hir heir. 1494. Househ, Ord. 
123 Her [the ——e head must bee dishevilled with a riche 
sircle on her head. xg9 Sipney Ast. & Stella ciii, She, 
so disheuld blusht. 1653 H. CoGan Déod. Sic. 151 Growing 
distracted with griefe .. she went up and downe .. all dis- 
cheveled with her haire about her eares. ; 

b. In vaguer sense: With disarranged or disor- 
dered dress ; untidy. 

1612 DrayTon ao xiii. 215 With thy disheveld nymphs 
attyr’d in youthfull greene. | 1749 Fretpinc Tom Fones 
1x. tii, The dishevelled fair hastily following. 1862 TroLLore 
Orley F. \xxiii, Her whole appearance was haggard and 
dishevelled, 


DISHOLY. 


2. Ofthe hair: Unconfined by head-gear, hanging 
loose, flung about in disorder; unkempt. 

1583 StanyHurst Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 28 Doune to the wynd 
tracing trayld her discheaueled hearlocks. 1638 Penit. Conf. 
iii. (1657) 22 Our hair dischiveld, not platted nor crisped. 
1718 Psion Pleasure 567 With flowing sorrow, and dis- 
hevell’d hair. 1823 Scotr 77éerm. ut. xxxviii, Still her 
Oe ee eeroon Pig teas tel cae 

snow. WEN Virg. 4ineid ul. ‘oul 
a beard dishevelled he wait = yet 

3. transf. Disordered, ruffled disorderly, untidy. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 32 When States dishevl'd 
[/rinted dishelv'd] are, and Lawes untwist. 1712-14 Pore 

ape Lock v. 130 The heav’ns bespangling with dishevell'd 
light. 1858 Sat. Kev. V. 38) In vehement diction, 
but dishevelled grammar. 1882 Brack Shandon Bells 
xviii, The dishevelled mass of music that she never would 
keep in order. 1883 H. Drummonp Nat. Law in Sfir. W. 
(ed. 2) 294 Religion is no dishevelled mass of aspiration, 
prayer, and faith. 1886 Stevenson Pr. Otto u. ii. 87 A cer- 
tain lady of a dishevelled tation, 

+b. In good sense: Unconstrained, free, easy. 

a@ 1639 Wotton in Relig. (1685) 482 of the geni 
olsen thas I have read..of the patie be and dis- 
cheveled kind. 

Hence Dishe’velledness. 

1889 T. Girt Not for Night-time 165 Smiling to myself at 
my dishevelledness, 

Dishevelment (dife-vélmént). [f. Disnevet 
v.+-MENT.] The action of dishevelling ; dishevelled 
condition. 

1837 Cartyie Fr, Rev. II. 1. xi. (1872) 50 Their Hebe 
eyes brighter with enthusiasm, and long hair in beautiful 
dishevelment. 1880 Miss Broucuton Sec, TA. I. m1. vii. 236 
His tone..has made her hotly conscious of her dishevel- 
ment. 

+Dishe-vely,-elee,7//.a. Also 4-5 dischie- 
flee, 5 discheuelee. [a. OF. deschevelé pa. pple., f. 
des-, Dis- + OF. chevel, cheveu hair, =med.L. dis-, 
décapillétus stripped of hair, shaven, Sp. descabel- 
Jado ‘bald, hauing no haire left on his head’: cf. 
It. (di)scapigliare ‘to desheuell, 10 disorder , . ones 
head or haires’. In another form of this word, 
the -¢ of OF. pa. pple., became mute in ME. ; see 
DISHEVEL a.) = DISHEVEL a. I. 

a 1430 Chaucer's Canterb. T. Prot. 683 (Ellesm. MS.) Dis- 
cheaslos [other MISS. discheuele] saue his cappe he rood al 
bare. 14.. Chaucer's L.G. W. 1315 Dido (Fairf. MS ) She 
falleth him to foote and swowneth there Disshevely with 
hire bryght gelte here. ¢ Merlin She was all dis- 
cheuelee in her heer. ¢1470 Harvinc Chron. cixxvut. ii, In 
ch bre preuy At di t descheuely also in all, As ser- 
uyng was to estate virginall. 

Dishfal (difful’. Also 4 dissuol, [f. Dis 
sb.+-FuL.] As much as a dish will contain. 

1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1918 Thre dissch-fol of blod he let 
me blede. 1340 Ayend. 120 Yef me yefb. .ane re manne 
ane dissuol of pesen. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb, ui. 
(1586) 136 b, Geve to every one a little dishefull of rennet 
crudes. 1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 105 They make 
account that fower mowter dishfulls is a pecke. 1719 De For 
Crusoe u. vii. (1840) IL. 170 A. .dishfull of water, 

ishing (di‘fiy), vé/. sb. [f. Dish v.! + -1N@1,] 
The action of the verb Disn. 

1679 Drypven Troilus & Cr.1. ii, The dishing, the setting 
on the table. 1691 Woop Ath, Oxon, 1. 160 (L.) In the 
dishing out of whose Odcombian banquet, he hada con- 
siderable hand. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxxii, 
Nor do their anxieties end with the dishing-up of the 
dinner. 

b. Oblique position of the spokes of a wheel, 
making its outer face concave. 

1797 A. Cummine in Commun. Bd, Agric. 11. 366 Dishing 
forthe i ition of the spok ded 


liq the spokes) added much to tle 
strength and stiffness of wheels. 


.. 1880 L. bgery « a 

The spokes were sections of ivory tusks, set in wi e 

Serernl cutee outward, to perfect the dishing. 
Dishing, ///. a. [-1Nc *.] That ‘dishes’; spec. 


forming a concave or dish-like surface ; see DisH a, 


5, 6,7. 
~ ? Worunce Syst. Agric. (x681) 232 They make them 
Spokes] concave or dishing ..to secure the Wheel from 
ae ina fall. 1707 Mortimer //wsb.(J.), For the form 
of the wheels, some pie hy them more dishing. .that is, more 
concave, by setting off the spokes and fellies more outwards. 
1863 Yrul. R. Agric. Soc. XXIV. 1. 94 Curby or —— 
se tigking 6 that oe sloucbine thion 
{see Cur 54.27). 1895 “HL D. aes in Fortin, Rev. Se 
364 U ep ‘4 Conservatives of the ‘dishing’ school (cf. 
quot. 1869 in Disu v. 7). 
+ Dishi-ver, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 5 + Suiver v.] 
trans, and intr. To shiver to pieces, Hence 
Dishi-vered 1. oe ge a . 
Pu id IX. iij, Shields dishiuring crack. 
1 Pe Picea sae His conder trembling flesh I will 
dishiuer. 1624 Br. Mountacu 77eat. /nvoc. Sain‘s 6 The 
dishivered splinters runne into my hands. 1650 W. ScLaTer 
(son) Hp. Ded. to W. Sclater’s Rom, iV, As Dagon .. falls 
. .dishivered into ct and ashes. aisflin) tf D 

Dishlet (di‘{let), Dishling ( if in). [f. Disa 
sb. +-LET, -LING.] A tiny dish (of food), 

1811 Lama Edax on Appetite, A sliver of ham ..a slip ot 
invisible brawn .. with a of such dishlings. 1884 
Daily News 23 Sept. 2/1 Itisa very miniature feed 
The dishlets are nine in number. 

+ Disjho'ly, 2. Oés. rare. [f. Dis- 10 + Hoty.] 
The reverse of holy ; unholy, iniquitous. 

r Bett Motives Romish Faith (1605) 16 Cast into the 
said Romish disholy at papi oe 1596 — Surv. Poper, 
1. 1. x. 34 Our disholy fathers the late bishops of Rome, 


; 


DISHOME. 


Dishome (disjhdum), v. [f. Dis- 7 c + Homi 
sh.) trans. To deprive of, or eject from, a home. 


Hence Disho'med £//. a. t 

1880 Contemp. Rev. 179 We have sunk into..being the 
only dishomed nation. 1882 F. W. H. Myers Renewal 
Youth 229 Vhy soul dishomed shall..be forlorn. 1882 
Daily Tel. 7 Nov. (Cassell) Poor families being incontinently 
dishomed to give space for magnificent roadways, 1893 
W. T. Steap in Rev. of Rev. 15 Sept. 318/1 ‘To create sub- 
~ stitutes for the home for the benefit of the dishomed. 

Dishonest (disg'nést), a. [ad. OF. deshoneste 
(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. déshonnéte;=Pr. 
deshonest, Sp. deshonesto, It. désonesto, 2 Romanic 
formation for L. dehonestus, f. honestus honour- 
able, Honest: see De- 6, Dis- 4.] 

+1. Entailing dishonour or disgrace; dishonour- 
able, discreditable, misbecoming, shameful, igno- 
minious. Ods. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 820 Ye koude nat doon so dis- 
honeste a thyng, That thilke wombe, in which youre children 
bye Scholde.. Be seyn al bare. 1483 Caxton Cato A vij, 

ie galowes and..dyshonest dethe. 1483 — G. de la Tour 
D viij, ‘The pryde of men .. that counterfeted them self of 
newe and dishonest rayment. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. 
Fr. Acad. 1. 12 lf we account it a shamefull thing to be 
ignorant of those things..the not knowing of our selves is 
much more dishonest. 1702 Rowe Vamerl. ut. i 1115 
Thou didst an Act dishonest tothy Race. 1710 Pore Windsor 
For. 326 Inglorious triumphs and dishonest scars. 1760 
Home Stege Aquile‘a u, Some fierce barbarian now insults 

e dead ; Adding dishonest wounds. 

+2. Unchaste, lewd, filthy. Ods. 

©1440 Facob’s Well 159 Pe leccherous louyth to be in dys- 
honest cumpanye. 1494 Fasyan Chroz. vi. cci. 209 This 
duke, with Gunnore. .lyued longe whylea dishonest lyfe, and 
contrary to the lawys of the Churche. 1599 SHaks. //en.V, 
1. ii. 50 Holding in disdaine the German Women, For some 
dishonest manners of their life. 1630 WapswortH P7lgr. 
vii. 73 Accused him for being dishonest with his owne Neece. 
1734 Watts Relig. Fuv. Pref. (1789) 7 Their own dishonest 
and impure ideas. 

+3. Unseemly to the sight ; ugly, hideous. Ods. 

(Connected with sense 1 by quot. 1585.) 

[x5s85 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 1. xx. 108 To 
cover the dishonest partes of the body.] 1650 Butwer Ax- 
thropomet. vii. (1653) 129 The Face .. appeares very filthy 
and dishonest. 1697 Dryven ned v1. (R.) Dishonest [tr. 
inhonesto] with lop’d arms, the youth appears. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. x. 462 Enormous beasts dishonest to the eye. 

4. Of actions, etc.: Discreditable as being at 
variance with straightforward or honourable deal- 
ing, underhand; now, fraudulent, thievish, knavich. 

{r5s2 Hutoet, Dishonest matter, or any thynge cloked with 
fayre wordes, subturpis.] 1611 Biste £zek. xxii. 27 To get 
dishonest gaine. 1647 CowLry Mistress, Counsel vi, The 
act I must confess was wise, As a dishonest act could be. 
2736 Butter Axad. 1. iv. Wks. 1374 I. 80 Dishonest artifices 
«. are got into business of all kinds. 1840 Macautay £ss., 
Ranke (1851) 11. 127 A most dishonest and inaccurate French 
version. 

5. Of persons : Wanting in honesty, probity, or 
integrity; disposed to cheat or defraud ; thievish. 

1751-73 Jortin Eccl. Hist. 1. (1846) 123 Imposed upon 
themselves by dishonest brethren. 1793 Hotcrort tr. 
Lavater's Physiogn, xxxvi. 185 No man is so good as not .. 
to be liable to become dishonest. 1859 KincsLEY Good 
News of God xxi. (1878) 171 You may be false and dis- 
honest, saith the Lord, but rf am honest and true. 


+ Disho'nest, v. Ovs. [ad. OF. deshonester 
(14th c. in Godef.) =Sp. deshonestar, It. disonestare 
:—-a Romanic formation on dishonest-us (see prec.), 
for L. dehonestare.] 

1. trans. To bring dishonour, disgrace, or dis- 
credit upon ; to dishonour; to stain with ignominy. 

1382 Wyciir Prov. xxv. 8 Whan thou has dishonestid 
[Vulg. dehonestaveris] thi frend. 1509 Fisner Mun. Sern. 
C’tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 291 To eschewe euery thynge 
that myght dyshonest ony noble woman. 1526 ‘TinpaLe 
1 Cor. xi. 5 Every woman that prayeth or prophesieth bare 
hedded, dishonesteth her vend 1606 Wily Beguiled in 
Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 258, I hope you will not seek to dishonest 
me. @1670 Hacket Ad. Williams. (1692) 44 He did not 
dishonest himself for it with any indignity. 

2. To impute disgrace or dishonour to (a person) ; 
to defame, calumniate. 

c1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 251 Hee slaun- 
deruslie dishonested them. 1583 Gotp1nG Calvin on Deut. 
xxxix, 230 Ifa man call one a theefe .. hee will not abide 
to bee so dishonested before the worlde. 1615 T. ADAMS 
Blacke Devill20 He may tho’ not disquiet yet dishonest the 
soule of man. 

3. To violate the honour or chastity of; to defile. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § AZ. (1684) I. 762/2 If we do see a King 
to..rob and spoil his Subjects, deflour Virgins, dishonest 
Matrons. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Collu‘ulo .. to dis- 
honest or defile. ax Brome New Acad. 1. Wks. 1873 
II, 18 I'll defie the devil to dishonest her. 

4. Yo render unseemly or ugly; to deform. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. ob, Your selfe do 


disfigure your owne whelpe, you dishoneste your owne— 


creature. 1637 R. Humpurey tr. St. Ambrose 11. 33 Hee.. 
doth dishonest the grace of his vpper shape. 

Hence Disho‘nesting wd/. sb. 

1530 Patscr. 214/1 Dishonestyng, auslement. 1565~ 
Coorer Thesaurus, Generis dehonestamentum, the ‘ie 
honesting of his stocke. 

Disho'nestly, edv. [f. Disnonzst a. + -Ly2.] 

+1. With dishonour, disgrace, or ignominy; 
dishonourably, shamefully. Ods. : 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Floure of Curtesye (R.), Dishonestly to speake 
of a a deadly hateth. 15.. Doctr. Gd. Servauntes 

OL. . 


457 


in Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) to Whan that thou arte thus 
departed Without his loue dyshonestely. 1549 Compd. Scot. 
xi. 93 He gart hang, cruelly and dishonestly .. sexten scoir 
of the maist nobillis. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. App. 
58 Who had been shaven a Monke, or dishonestly bald. 
+2. Unchastely, not in honourable matrimony. 

1560 Biste (Genev.) Zcclus. xxii. 4 Shee that liueth dis- 
honestly is her fathers heauinesse. 1665 Sir T, Hersert 
Trav. (1677) 71 He dishonestly courts..his Fathers Wife. 
1685 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 11. 238 Monmouth... having lived 
dishonestly with the Lady Henrietta Wentworth for two 
years. 

3. Ina dishonest manner, fraudulently ; so as to 
cheat or deceive. 

1590 Suaks. Com. Err. v.i. 3 He had the Chaine of me, 
Though most dishonestly he doth denie it. 1835 Macaulay 
Hist. Eng. 111. 586 Clarendon, who had refused the oaths, 
and Ailesbury, who had dishonestly taken them. 

Disho-nestness. vare—°. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] = next. 1727 in Battey vol. II. 

Dishonesty (dispnésti). Also 4-5 des-, dis- 
honestee. a. OF. desho(n nesté (13th c. in 
Littré, in mod.F. déshonnéteté) = Pr. dezonestat, 
It. disonesta, a Romanic formation on déshonest-us 
DIsHonest, after L. honestit-em honourableness, 
Hongsty.] The quality of being dishonest. 

+1. Dishonour, disgrace, discredit, shame ; (with 
pl.) a dishonourable or disgraceful action. Ods. 

©1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ® 759 Shame, that eschueth alle 
deshonestee. c1400 Destr. 7 rey 528 Ne deme no dishonesty 
in your derfe hert. 1535 CoverDALE £cc/us. iii. 13 Where 
the father is without honoure, it is the dishonesty of the 
sonne. axs4z Wyatr Compl. Loue (R.), From thousand 
dishonesties have I him drawen. 1582 N. ‘I. (Rhem.) 2 Cor. 
iv. 2 We renounce the secrete [1611 hidden] things of dis- 
honestie [Wyci. Geneva, XR. V. shame, TinpDALe, etc. un- 
honestie.] 1596 Datrymrtetr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vi. 86 To 
venture he may haue honour; to ly hidd as he la, dishonestie. 

+2. Unchastity, lewdness. Ods. 

1535 CoverDALe Ecclus. xxii. 4 Shee that commeth to dis- 
honesty, bringeth hir father in heuynes. 1553 S. Casor 
Ordinances in Hakluyt ly. (1589) 261 No woman to be 
tempted. .to incontinencie or dishonestie. 1630 WapsworTH 
Pilger. vii. 73, Accused .. of dishonesty with another mans 
wife. 1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 110 
A right temple of Cyprus where the sacrifices were only 
dishonesties. 

+3. Shameful or foul appearance, ugliness, de- 
formity. Ods. 

¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb) xviii. 82 Pare may a man see 
mykill dishonestee [F. meinte (vide figure). 1485 Caxton 
Chas. Gt. 91 Ye may not see them by cause of the fylthe 
and dyshoneste of the place. 1535 CoveRDALE A xvi. 8 
Then spred I my clothes ouer the, to couer thy dishonestie 
{1611 nakednesse]. 

4. The reverse of honesty; lack of probity or in- 
tegrity ; disposition to deceive, defraud, or steal ; 
thievishness ; theft, fraud. Also, a dishonest or 
fraudulent act. 

1599 Suaks. M/uch Ado u. ii.g So couertly, that no dis- 
honesty shall appeare in me. 1616 SurFi. & Marku. Country 
Farme 320 Others are of opinion, that stolne Bees thriue 
best, but..I neuer knew profit in dishonestie. _ 1751-73 
Jortin Eccl. Hist. (R.), A forger .. will avoid .. minute de- 
tail, in which he must perpetually expose his ignorance and 
dishonesty. 1804 SoutHEy Le?#t¢. (1856) I. 280, I have caught 
out Barros in so many dishonesties. 1878 Jevons Prim. 
Pol. Econ, 59 Nothing is more difficult than for a person 
convicted of dishonesty to find desirable employment. 

Dishonorary (disgnorari), a. rare. [f. Dis- 
1o.] Bringing dishonour, tending to disgrace. 

1828 WensTER cites Homes. 

+ Dishonorate, 2. Ols. rare—. [f. Dis- 
HONOUR $0, +-ATE 2.] = DISHONOURED. 

1601 Death Robert of Huntington w. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 
Vill. 297 Such honour ever proves dishonourate. 

Dishonour, -honor (disg‘nes), sd. Forms: 4 
des(h)onour, des-, dishonur, -oure, (4-5 dys- 
honer, dyssehonour, 5 disonowre, 5-6 dys- 
honowre, -oure, 6 -our), 4- dishonour, 6- dis- 
honor. [a. OF. deshonor, -ur, des(h)enor (11-12th 
c. in Littré), mod.F. déshonneur = Pr., Sp. deshonor, 
It. disonore; a Romanic formation f. L. d7zs-, D1s- 
4b + honérem Honour. In this word, and its 
derivatives, the spelling dishonor is usual in U.S. 

1. The reverse of honour; the withholding of the 
tokens of esteem, respect, or reverence due to any 
one; the condition in which these are withheld or 
the contrary shown; a state of shame or disgrace ; 
ignominy, indignity. 70 do (a) dishonour to: to 
treat with indignity, to dishonour, violate the honour 
of ; £0 the dishonour of, so as to bring into dishonour. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4412 (Gétt.) Joseph souht on me in boure 
Forto do me dis-honoure, did. 23644 (Gitt.) Pe wicked .. 
of all sal pai haue dishonur, ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 563 Pys 
day he falle> in deshonour. ax Lp. Berners Huon 
Ixvii. 231 Suffre none yll to be done to that good lady. .nor 
no dyshonour. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VI, 167 Many 
slaunderous woordes to the quenes dishonor. 1553 Short 
Catech.26 b, He came downe from hiest honour to deepest dis- 
honoure, even the dishonour..of the crosse. x60r SHAKs, 
All's Well i. vi. 59 Some dishonor wee had in the losse of 
that drum. 1611 Biste /s, Ixix. 19 My shame and my dis- 
honor. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xii. 38 He would 
rather dye .. then live in dishonor. 1718 Lapy M. W. 
Montacu Let. to C’tess of Bristol 10 Apr., They have in- 
vented lies to the dishonour of their enemies. 1769 Funius 
Lett. xii. 53 They cannot retreat without dishonour. x82r 
Byron Mar, Fal. 1. ii. 64 Wouldst thou... Harp on the deep 


* Rich. I, w.i.2t Shall I so much dishonor my faire Star 


DISHONOURABLE. 


dishonour of our house? 1870 Bryant //iad I. v1. 192 Never 
bring Dishonor on the stock from which I sprang. 

b. with @ and f/.: An instance of this, an in- 
fliction of disgrace ; a piece of ignominious 'treat- 
ment, an indignity, an insult. 

1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 482 Who had the done this des- 
onour? x4q2a tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T.S.) 
154 Thre dyshonoures in the same day he moste suffyre. 
1673 Lady's Call. Pref. 2 Women, who could hardly have 
descended to such dishonours. 

2. A cause or source of shame, a disgrace. 

1553 Even 77eat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 34 They toke it fora 
dishonour, to .. forsake theyr Captayne. 1561 ‘I’. Norton 
Calvin's Inst. 1. 22.b, Images .. displease [God] as certaine 
dishonors of his maiestie. 1755 YounG Centauri. Wks. (1757) 
115 Who think it no dishonour to their understandings to 
credit their Creator. 1842 ‘'eNNysoN Two Voices 255 His 
little daughter, whose sweet face He kissed .. Becomes dis- 
honour to her race. 

3. Commerce. Refusal or failure to ‘ honour’ or 
pay (a bill of exchange, etc.). 

1834 J. Cuitty Law Contracts (ed. 2) 597 The creditor .. 
upon dishonour of the instrument brings an action. 1866 
Crump Banking v. 112 Notice of dishonour should be given 
to each indorser. 1885 Law T7mes 6 June 94/1 The payee 
of a cheque cannot bring an action for its dishonour against 
the banker on whom it is drawn. 

Dishonour, -or (disp‘no1),v. Forms as in sé. 
[a. OF. deshonnore-r, desonurer (12th c. in Littré ; 
mod. F, déshonorer) = Pr. desonorar, Sp. deshonras’, 
It. désonorare :—late L. dishonorare (in Du Cange), 
f. dis-, Dis- 4+ hondorare to Honour.] The oppo- 
site or reverse of to Honour. 

1. trans. To deprive of honour ; to treat with dis- 
honour or indignity ; to violate the honour, respect, 
or recognition of position due to any one. 

1388 Wyciir Lcclus. x. 23 This seed schal be disonourid, 
that passith the comaundementis of the Lord. 1411 Aod/s 
of Parlt, U1. 650/1 Hym to harme and dishonure. c 1450 
Crt. of Love 1252 Love shal be contrarye To his availe, and 
him eke dishonoure. 1526-34 TINDALE Yo/t viii. 49, Lhonour 
my father, and ye have dishonoured me. 1651 Hoppers 
Leviath, 1. x. 42 To Value a man.. at a low rate, is to 
Dishonour him. 1871 R. Extis Catuddus Ixiv. 404 [She] 
fear'd not unholy the blessed dead to dishonour. 

2. To violate the honour or chastity of; to 
defile. 

1393 Gower Conf. II, 322 Which sigh her suster pale and 
fade And specheles and deshonoured. a 1533 Lp. Berners 
Huon clix. 614 ‘Vo the entente to haue dyshonored her & to 
haue had her to his wyfe. 1841 Evruinstone //ist. [nd 1. 
510 She exclaimed that she w ow unworthy of his notice, 
having been dishonoured by Casim. 

3. To bring dishonour or disgrace upon, by one’s 
conduct, ete. ; to disgrace. 

1868 Titney Disc. Mariage Biv b, He was faine to please, 
and content her, least she should dishonour him. 1593 Suaks. 


Sy 
On equall termes to giue him chasticement? 1725 De lor 
Voy. round World (1840) 76 Friendly usage..which we had 
not in the least dishonoured. 1727 — Syst. Magic 1. i. (1840) 
14 To find he had dishonoured, by his example, the doctrine 
of sobriety. 1848 W. H. Kerrytr. Z. Blanc's Hist. Ten Vy 
II. 217 America .. dishonours herself by tolerating slavery. 
1854 Ruskin Lect. Archit. iii. 170 The water is not dis- 
honoured by that thirst of the diseased, nor is nature dis- 
honoured by the love of the unworthy. 

+4. To strip of what is an honour. Ods. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. ii. 180 As if you should .. 
dishonour a cock of his spurrs. a@1700 DrypeNn tr. Ovid's 
Met. xv. (T.), His scalp .. dishonour'd quite of hair. 

5. Commerce. To refuse or fail to accept or pay 
(a bill of exchange, etc.); to make default in 
meeting (a promissory note). 

w8rr P. Ketty Univ. Cambist 11, 285 Dishonour, a term 
used when the acceptance or payment of bills of exchange, 
etc., is refused. 1837 _Lockuart Scott Ixvii. (1839) VIII. 
226 He found ,. that Hurst & Co. had dishonoured a bill 
of Constable’s. 1887 Stevenson Underwoods I. xxiv. 51 
Nor leave Thy debts dishonoured. 1894 Barinc-GouLp 
Kitty Alone \1, 97 ‘Vhe man to whom he had given the bill 
that was dishonoured, 

Hence Disho-nouring v2/. sb. and fi. a. - 

1525 Lp. Berners Foiss. 1, xcii. [Ixxxvili.] 278 To come 
-. on payne of dishonourynge. 1564 Brief Exam. Aiv, 
Horrible .. sacriledges and dishonorynges of God. 1843 
Lytton Last Bar. 1. vi, I had deemed it dishonouring in 
a noble nature to countenance insult to a noble enemy 
in his absence. 1875 Poste Gazus 1. Comm. (ed, 2) 68 Any 
dishonouring outrage. 

Dishonourable, -honorable (disg:n6rab'l), 
a. [app. orig. f. DisHonour v. + -ABLE; but in 
some uses regarded as f. Dis- 10 + HONOURABLE. 
Cf. F. déshonorable (14th c. in Godef.).] 

1. Entailing dishonour; involving disgrace and 
shame ; ignominious, base. 

1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 22 §1 The continuance .. 
whereof .. were... dishonorable to the hole realme. 1601 
Suaks. $¥ul. C. & ii. 138 And peepe about To finde our 
selues dishonourable Graves. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. x. 
44 Craft, Shifting, neglect of Equity, is Dishonourable. 
1749 FIELDING Tom Fones xiv. v, The words dishonourable 
birth are nonsense .. unless the word dishonourable be ap- 
plied to the parents. 1846 GreENER Sc.Gunnery 345 More 
disgraceful, more dishonourable conduct, has never charac- 
terizeg the British service. 

+b, Without moral implication : Mean, paltry. 
Obs. rare. 

x609 Bent ey Phad. Pref. 66 If the Room be too mean, and 
too little for the Books}. .ifthe Access to it be dishonourable ; 
is the Library-keeper to answer for’t? 

58 


DISHONOURABLENESS. 


2. Of persons: +a. To be regarded with dis- 
honour, disesteemed (ods. sare). b. Devoid or 
negligent of honour; meriting shame and reproach; 
— base, despicable. 

1611 Biste Ecclus. x. 31 He that is honoured in pouertie, 
how much more in riches, and he that is dishonourable in 
riches, how much more in pouertie? 1749 [see sense 1). 
1864 Tennyson Aylmer’s F. 292 Ungenerous, dishonour- 
able, base .. trusted as he was. od. A dishonourable op- 
ponent at cards. 

Hence Disho‘nourableness, dishonourable 
quality, dishonour; Dishonourably adv., in a 
dishonourable manner, with dishonour ; discredit- 
ably, basely. 

1590 C. S. Right Relig. 29 Who (most dishonourably to 
Christ) acknowledge the Pope the head therof. 165: Hoses 
Leviath. tt. xxi. 112 They are not esteemed to do it unjustly, 
but dishonourably. 1727 Baivey vol. Il, Dish bleness, 


458 
Dwelling till half dishumaniz'd. 1878 B. Taytor Deukalion 
i, Visions born of brains Dishumanized. 


u, ii, Visions 

Dishume (dis;hizm), v. rare. [f° Dis- 7 ¢ 
+L. Aumus earth: after inhume.] trans. To un- 
earth, disinhume, exhume. 

1854 Syp. Dopett Balder xxv. 181 Of what colossal frame 
Do I..Dishume the giant limb from my rent heart? | . 

+ Dis;hu-mour, s}. O/s. [Dis-9.] Ill-humour. 


DISIMPAWN. 


II. [D1s- 9.] 2. The action of freeing or be 
comi a illusion ; the condition of being 


freed from illusion ; disenchantment. : 
3851 Mrs. Nev — —_ fk ig dh The 
‘ween .. 
and fact. Loner. Ep tage of h 5 


v 

Dis-illusion ! espnsib Come at last to 
this conclusion? 1865 Lond. Rev. 30 Dec. 712/1 Amidst 
the di i and the disillusions which followed 


sc bet Steere Sp ct. No. 424? 6 Any thing that’ b 


ion or . Lbid. No. 479 Px Subject to 


dish , age, sick impatience. 1795 Femima 1. 67 
Oppression — disgust ; injustice, resentment ; ill will, 
humour ; pride, ¢ Pp 

+ Dis;jhu-mour, v. Ols. [Dis- 7 4.] trans. 
To put out of humour, vex, ‘aggravate’. 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. v. iii, Here were 
a couple ee 'd. 1680 Religion of Dutch 

Y 


dishonourable quality. 1769 Yunius Lett. iv, Your own 
Manilla ransom most dishonourably given up. 1776 ADAM 
Smita W, N. 1. x. (1869) I. 105 The honourableness or dis- 
honourableness of the employment. a1797 H. WaLpoLe 
Mem.Geo.11\1847) 11. x.343 The injustice and dishonourable- 
ness of retracting what he had authorized Keppel to say. 

Dishonoured, -ored (disy-noid), 7p/. a. [f. 
DisHoNouR v. +-ED.] a. Treated with dishonour. 
b. Violated, defiled. @. Stained with dishonour, 
disgraced. +d. Dishonourable, dishonouring (0ds.). 
e. Of a bill of exchange: see DISHONOUR v. 5. 

1603 SHaks. Meas. for M..v. iv. 34 Receiuing a dishonor'd 
life. 1605 — Lear 1. i. 231 No vnchaste action, or dis- 
honoured step. c16xr CHapman J//iad iv. Argt. 82 He.. 
Gives Menelaus a dishonour'd wound. 1784 Cowrer 7ask 
vi. 821 God .. would else In his dishonoured works himself 
endure Dishonour. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 1. 1. i. (title) 
Dishonoured Bills. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. xv. 182 
Carrying the dishonored vehicle with us. 1881 S. Corvin 
Landor iii. 62 His dishonoured daughter. 

Dishonourer, -orer (disy'norer). [f. Dis- 
HONOUR v.+-ER'.] One who dishonours. 

1671 Mitton Samtson 861 An irreligious Dishonourer of 
Dagon. 1 A. Hitvitcu Rosa de Montmorien M1. 152 
The injured Morton recognized his base dishonourer. ¢ 1870 
J. G. Murpny Comm, Lev. xx. 1-9 Introd., Dishonorers of 
parents. 

b. One who violates female honour; a defiler. 

1755 Jounson, Dishonourer..a violator of chastity. 1881 
S. Cotvin Landoriii. 62 In order to chastise her [his daugh- 
ter's] dishonourer. 

+ Disho‘nourless, -orless, @. Os. rare—'. 
[-Less.] Free from dishonour. 

1595 CHAPMAN Ovid's Bang. Sence (1639) 32 Unwronged 
and all dishonorlesse. ; 

Dishorn (disjhfin), v. [Dis- 7a.) ¢rans. 
To deprive of horns, cut off the horns of. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry W, ww. iv. 63 We'll .. dis-horne the 
spirit, And mocke him home to Windsor. 1603 Frorio 
Montaigne (1632) 436 A chiefe Gossip of his had a Goate 
dishorned. 1884 Law 7imes 21 June 139/1 The question was 
with respect to dishorning cattle, or cutting off their horns 
quite close to the skull. 1890 Daly News 17 Feb. 5/6A 
convert to dishorning. . Now he dishorns his Guernsey cows. 

Dishorse (disjhgis), v. [Dis- 7 c.] trans. 
To unhorse, dismount. 

1859 Tennyson /fy//s, Enid 563 Then each, dishors'd and 
drawing, lash'd at each. 1885 — Balin & Bal. Wks. (1894) 
375/t He. .dishorsed himself and rose again. : 

Dishort (dif7it), sd. Sc. Also 6 dischort, 9 
disshort. [Origin unknown.] 

1. Injury, mischief; anything prejudicial. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 555 And how hir father did 
him sic dischort. 1585 Jas. I ss. Poesie (Arb.) 47 But 
cause they did her such dishort. 1811 W. Aiton Agric. 
Ayrshire Gloss. 691 Dishort, a mischief. 

. ‘A disappointment (Aderd.)’; also ‘Deficiency, 
as a disshort in the weight’ (Jamieson). 

+ Dishort (disjhj-ut), v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dis-, 
Dis- 4+ hort-dri to Exnort; cf. L. déhortari to 
Deuort.] ¢rvans. To use exhortation to dissuade. 

1549 CHALONER Erasm, on Folly M ijb, They dishort us 
from sinne. 186r T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 320 Paul 
himselfe in another place dishorteth vs from carefulnesse. 

Dishouse (disjhau'z), v. Also 7 dishowse. 
[f. Dis- 6 or 7 + House v. or sd.] Hence 
Dishou'sed f//. a. 

1. ¢vans. To oust or expel from a house. 

¢ 1886 C’ress Pemproke Ps. tvut. iii, Make them melt as 
the dishowsed snaile. 1648 J. Goopwin Right and Might 12 
The Members of Parliament dishous'd by the Army. 1865 
Masson Rec. Brit. Philos. ii. 60 The dishoused population 
of spirits. 1892 Pall Mall G. 21 Jan. 3/2 Providing cheap 
se ac dation for the dish d workers. 

2. To clear (ground) of houses. 

1640 Somner Antig. Canterd. 191, 1 suppose those houses 
taken downe. .the same ground being so dishoused and laid 
open. 1891 Chicago Advance 5 Mar., To ‘ dishouse "all the 
disease-breeding section ., and reconstruct its streets. 

+Dishri-velled, f//. a. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 5 
+ SurIveL v.) Shrivelled up. 

1 Muse in Miniature 49 Thro’ languid nature's cold 
dishrivell’d-veins. 

+ Dis;hu‘man, v. 04s. rave. [Dis- 8.]=next. 

1657 Reeve God's Plea 245 Oh look with shame ., upon 
this wofull evirating or dis-humaning your selves. _ 

ihu e,v. [Dis-6.] trans. Tode- 

prive of human character or attributes; =DeE- 
HUMANIZE. 

1861 Lytron & Fane Tannhduser 105 In a desert isle 


ii. 15 EF 4 have, their disputes, distracted and dis- 
humour’d all the Province of Holland. 

Di‘sh-wash. [see WasH sd.] The greasy water 
in which dishes have been washed. b. As a term 
of contempt. 

1592 Nasue P. Penilesse (Shaks. Soc.) 65 He .. hath his 
penance assignde him, to carouse himselfe drunke with 
dish-wash and vineger. 1598 Foro, Stifa .. dish-wash 

iuen to swyne and hogs. 1737 Bracken Farriery Jmpr. 
fost) II. 164 What I mean by warm water is not the warm 
Dish wash so much in use amongst the Vulgar. 

ae Nasne Lenten Stuffe in Harl. Misc. (1808-12) 
VI. 180 (D.) Their fathers .. were scullions, dish-wash, and 
durty draffe. c1640 J. Smytn Lives Berkeleys (1883) 11. 
372 Ore obrious words, of Coward, Cotquene, Milksopp, 
dishwash, and the like. 

Di'sh-washer, 

1. One who washes plates and dishes ; a scullion 
or scullery-maid. 

@1§29 SKELTON Poems agst. Garnesche 26 Ye war a kechyn 
page A dyshe washer. 1 Harrison England ut xi. 
(1878) 11. 73 Everie dishwasher refused to looke in other 
than silver glasses for the attiring ofhis head. 1872 Tenny- 
son Lynette 750 Dish-washer and broach-turner, loon !— 
to me Thou smellest all of kitchen as before. 

2. An apparatus for washing dishes. 

3. A popular name of the pied or water wag- 
tail ( Motactl/a alba); also of the Grinder or Restless 
Flycatcher of Australia (Se¢sura inguteta). 

1575 Turserv. Fanlconrie 137 The Wagtayles or dish- 
washer as we terme them. 1730-6 Battey (folio), Dish 
washer, a water-wag-tail, a bird. 1832 SLaNey Outl. smaller 
Brit. Birds 65 (Pied Wagtail) Often called by the common 
people the dish-washer, or washerwoman. 1884 J. Cot- 
BorNE //icks Pasha 265, 1 was surprised to meet my little 
friend the water wagtail, the dish-washer, where there was 
not a drop of water to wag his tail at. 

Dish-washings, s/. //._ [see Wasnine vé/. 
sb.) @ =DisH-wasH. b. Turner’s name for a 
species of the plant horsetail (Zguisetum hye- 
male), also called polishing rushes. 

1538 Turner Zibel/us, Dysshwasshynges ; fortassis hujus 
herbz ad fricandos discos et patinas aliquis fit usus. 1771 
Smotiett Humph. Cl. 111. 30 Sept., Bread soaked in dish- 
washings. 

Di‘sh-water. The greasy water in which dishes 
have been washed. Also aé¢rid. 

1484 Caxton Fables of Ai sop v. xiii, Dysshe water and 
alle other fylthe. 1587 Harrison England u. xx. (1878) 1. 
331 The verie dishwater is not without some use amongest 
our finest plants. 1607 Torsett Four-/ Beasts (1658) 318 
Wash thein with a little beef broath or dish water. 1719 
D'Urrey Pills IIL. 7 Arabian Tea, Is Dish-water stuff to 
a dish of new Whey. 1884 //arfer's Mag. June 22/1 Sally 
shook the dish-water off her fingers. 

transf. and fig. 1858 O. W. Hotmes Aut. Break/-t. 
(1883) 224 Flash phraseology..is..the dish-water from the 
washings of English dandyism. 1887 Sanitary Era(N.Y.) 
15 Nov., Rainwater, after all, is nature’s dishwater, from 
washing the great bowl of the atmosphere, 

§ = DisH-wasuHER 3 (for which it is app. only an 
error). Ods. 

a easel Voy. New Eng. 100 The Troculus, hd res 
or Dish-water. 1706 Puituips (2d. Kersey), Dish-Water 
{1715Kersey, Dish-Washer),a Bird otherwise call'd Wag-tail. 

iecation, -ative, obs. ff. DEsiccaTION, etc. 

+ Disidw‘mony, des-, diside‘emony. Ods. 
[ad. Gr. deorSacpovia fear of the gods, superstition. 
© A superstition, also a worshippin od out o 
fear and not from love’ Bailey (folio) 1730-6. 

Diside'ntify, v. vonce-wd. [Dis- 6.] srans. 
To undo or veil the identity of. 

1845 Blackw. Mag. LVII1. 374 Gotham is England her- 
self, poetically disidentified by a very transparent disguise. 

Disillude, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Itupe: 
prob. after disz//usion.] trans. 'To free from illu- 
sion; to undeceive, disillusion. 

1860 Russet Diary India HH. 98, I am obliged to dis- 
illude many of my visitors, 1892 A. Lane in /d/ustr. Lond. 
News 16 July 83/1, I confess to feeling uncomfortable and 
: disilluded ’ when I am thus taken behind the scenes. 

u'minate, v. rare. [D1s- ak oe To 
deprive of light or illumination ; to darken. ‘ 

1865 Swinnurne A falanta "4 All the fates. . burn me blind, 
and disilluminate My sense of seeing. 

usion (disil'zzon), sb. [f. Dis- 5 and 9 

+ Ituusion 56, Cf. mod.F, dést//usion.} 

+I. [Dis- 5.] 1. Illusion, delusion. Oés. 

1598 Yonc Diana 139 What slights, what disillusions.. 
Haue risen of such sorrowes? soo H. Crosse Vertues 
Commrw. (1878) 57 Such fallacies, and disillusions, are inci- 
dent to a base and seruile condition. 


the. .revolutions of 1848. 1877 Dowpen Shaks. Prim. v.53 


It_is the comedy of disillusion. . 

Disillu'sion, 2. Pi rec, sb.; cf. mod.F, dés- 
tllustonner.) trans. To from illusion ; to dis- 
enchant, undeceive, disillusionize. 

1864 Reader x Oct. 417 Captain Burton .. disillusioned 
many by stating that the plain on which it stands was by 
no means unlike some of central equatorial Africa. 
1876 W. C. Russet /s he the Man? U1. 193 His voice 
disillusioned me in a s 

Hence Disillu’sioned ///. a.; Disillu'sioning 
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Disillu'sioner, Disillu’- 
sionist, a disillusioning agent. 

1855 Smepiey H. Coverdale xx. 127 Alice .. took her re- 
venge upon that disillusioning .. lady's maid. 1866 Lond. 
Rev. 724/1 The notion of this coach is and 
is a —_ against the increase of dis-illusioning. The 
world, however, will not go back for our ~~, and we 
must fain keep up with it. 1871 Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser.1. 
273 The disillusioned France of ’ 1881 Symonps Shelley 
ii. 31 A disillusioned world is inclined to look with languid 
approbation on benevolence. 1889 Voice (N. Y.) 14 Mar., 
‘The ballot in woman's hand will prove a disillusionist ; she 
will then be judged as a man, 1892 Graphic 9 July 38/3 
Marriage is the great disillusioner. e 

u'sionary, 2. [f. prec. sb., after 7//u- 
stonary.| Of, pertaining to, or of the» nature of 
disillusion. , 

1879 Annie Tuomas London Season 11. 161 Miss Bertram 

is al most moved from her disillusionary purpose. 
u‘sionize, v. [f. Disittusion sd. + 
-1ZE.] trans. = DISILLUSION v. 

1861 Wuyte MeEtviLie Good for Nothing 1. 236 It was .. 
disillusionizing him..of the romance in which he had chosen 
to wrap himself up. 1890 7%es 27 Jan. 5/2 A free discus- 
sion of Social Democracy would do more to .. disillusionize 
its votaries than all the police repression in the world. 

Hence Disillu‘sionizing vé/. sb. and ffi. a.; 
Disillu‘sionizer, one who disillusionizes. 

1864 Sat. Rev. 10 Dec. 708/2 There is something dis- 
illusionizing in the sumptuous returns of a successful poem 
or novel. 1869 Echo 7 Sept., A somewhat similar disillu- 
sionising is taking place in the United States with respect to 
President Grant. 1881 Pudlic Opinion (N. Y.)2 Apr. 559The 
latest literary disillusioniser. 1850 Pictorial World 4 = 
293/3 The wife is not always so loyal to the disillusioniser. 

Disillu‘sionment. ~[f. Disit.usion v. + 
-MentT: cf. mod.F. dési//usionnement.]) The ac- 
tion of disillusioning, or fact of being disillusioned. 

1856 Leisure Hour V, 712/2 The first few days in Rome 
.. must be a disappointment—a sort of disillusionment, if 
we may coin that term, 1886 Century Mag. XXXII. 939 
Therein was the beginning of disillusionments. 1891 FARRAR 
Darkness & Dawn 11. 327 We have seen..the terrible dis- 
illusionment and suicides of Gallio and of Seneca. . 

Disillu'sive, a. [f. Disitiupg, after i//usive.] 
Tending to disillusion. 

1878 ‘T. Hanvy Return of Native Il. mt, i. 74 A long line 
of disillusive centuries has permanently displaced the Hel- 
lenic idea of life. ‘ 

a'gine, v- [D1s- 6.] 
from the imagination ; to ima not to be. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul To Rar. Biij a, Exercised Wits 
that have so writhen and wrested _ their shensies that the: 
can imagine or disimagine any thing. 1668 — Div. Diad. 
1. xxviii. (1713) 59 This E we d 4 
.. but it is whether we will or no Emerson Lett. & 
Soc, Aims, Progr. Cult. Wks. (Bohn) III. 231 Truth .. 


whose we ag 

Disimbark, disimbogue, etc.: see DISEM-. 

Disimbroil, obs. var. of DiseMBROIL, v. 

1611 Fiorio Dishrogliare, to disimbroile. 

Disimmu're, v. [Dis- 6.] “rans. To set 
free. from confining walls; to re from impri- 
sonment or confinement ; to liberate. 

1611 Corcr., Desenmuré, disimmu taken out of a 
wall wherein it was inclosed. B. Taytor Deukalion 
u. v. gt Thou shalt dis-immure Her slaves, and give them 
their abolished sex. 1886 Wittis & Ciark Cambridge Il. 
127 The .. piers of the nave .. were .. ee im- 

em. 


mured by pulling down the rubble on each side of t 

+ Disimpe tk, ». Obs. [D1s-6.] trans, To 
turn out of a park,to free from the enclosure of 
a park. Hence Disimparking vé/. sh, 

1609 Dekker Goil's Horne-bk. 81 The ain 
man who, to maintain a paltry warren of unprofitable conies, 
oe pen ee 

vr. Relig. ae 4 jisim 
prof pe a -t it Parkas Be and po ofthe 
world. 172-14 Sfectator cited in Webster 1828, 

Disimpa’ ,fpl.a. Also disem-. [D1s- 
12) Freed or free from ion ; dispassionate. 

1861 M. W. Freer Henry /V, I. 1. ii, 98 The debates. .were 

nerally practical and disimpassioned. 1876 Browntnc 

umpholeptos 23 That pale soft sweet disempassioned moon. 

1889 Tennyson Demeter § Persephone ii, imperial, 
disimpassioned eyes Awed even me at first. 

[D1s- 6.] “rans. To 

o redeem (what is in pawn). 


+ Disimpa‘wn, v. Ods. 
take out a yet t 

1631 Celestina xv. 162 Thrice have I freed thee from the 
gallowes ; foure times haue I disimpawnd thee. 


trans. Tobanish ~ 


iets « 


DISIMPEACH. 


+Disimpea‘ch, v. és. rare. [ad. obs. F. 
desempescher (Cotgr.), f. des-, Dis- 4+ empescher 
to Impgacu.] ¢rans. To free from impeach- 
ment. 

1611 Copan, Ons upesch Des i imp hy, disincomber, 

E} Sstrolo; re vmless 
ye Slay will Noleesech. ma fo boldly saith 
[etc.]. 

Disimpester, obs. var. of DISEMPESTER. 


+ Disi-mplicate, v. Ovs. [D1s- 6.] ¢rans. 
To free from implication or entanglement ; to dis- 
involve. Hence Disi‘mplicated ff/. a@., disin- 
volved, explicit. ay 

1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. ut. vii. 442 Much 
more is it impossible for a man to disimplicate himself 
from sin. 1753 S. SHuckrorp Creation & Kall of Man 56 
He had a clear and disimplicated Perception of the Manner 
in which Eve was taken out of him. 

Disimpri‘son, v. Also 9 disem-. [f. D1s- 
6 + Iwerison: cf. F. désemprisonner (in Cotgr.).] 
trans. To release from imprisonment or confine- 


ment; to set at liberty. Also fg. 

1611 Corcr. Desprisonner, to ynprison, or disimprison. 
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 61 They can hardly be sepa- 
rated, and dis-imprisoned as in Minerals. 1 Grew Anat. 
Plants 1. i. § 44 (1682) 9 The now effoliated Lobes. . being 
once dis-imprisoned from their Coats .. must needs very 
considerably amplifie themselves. 1845 R. W. Hamitton 
Pop, Educ. vi. (ed. 2) 134 The keys which shall unlock the 
word of life to hundreds of millions and disimprison those 
hundreds of millions themselves, 1858 CartyLe /redk. Gt. 
1.1, i. 21‘ All History is an imprisoned Epic’. .says Sauerteig 
there, I wish he had disimprisoned it in this instance ! 

Hence Disimpri‘soned ///.a., Disimpri‘soning 
vl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Disimpri‘sonment, the 
action of disimprisoning. 

161r Cotcr., Disemprisonné, disimprisoned .. delivered 
out of prison. 1656 Eart Mono. Advt. fr. Parnass. 193 
After the disimpri t of the co dador. 1659 Tor- 
RIANO, Discarceratura, a ppeag arc 1777 Torvapy in 
R. Palmer Bk. of Praise 427 There shall my disimprison’d 
soul Behold Him and adore. 1837 CartyLe /’r. Rev. (1872) 
I. viv i. 184 The open violent Rebellion and Victory of dis- 
imprisoned Anarchy against corrupt worn-out Authority. 
a. Browninc Poets Croisic 101 How can the youthful 

telaine but paut For disemprisonment ¢ 

+ Disimpro‘priate, v. Os. [Dis- 6.] ¢rans. 
To undo the impropriation of; to divert what is 
impropriated. 

ay Bacon wae ¢ Uses Com. Law ix. (1636) 41 It shall 
not be disimpropriated to the benefit of the heire. 

Disimpro-ve, v. [Dis- 6.] “rans. To do 
the reverse of improving; to render worse in 
quality. 

a Jer. Taytor Efisc. Ep. Ded., No need to disimprove 
the Royal Banks to pay thanks to Bishops. 1651 — Sevm. 
Sor Years, iv. 49 Those unprofitable and hurtful branches 
which .. disimprove the fruit. a@1r7x7 Parnett Deborah 
aeeeal Thus direful was deform’d the country round ; 

npeopled towns, and disimprov'd the ground. 1827 Lapy 
Morcan O' Briens § O' Flahertys 1V.352 Something changed, 
but not disimproved. 1890 Gent/. Mag. Feb. 161 Though he 
raised the tone of the essay, he disimproved its form, as the 
masterly hand of Addison left it. 

b. zutr. To grow worse, deteriorate. 

1846 in Worcester, whence in later Dicts. 

Hence Disimpro‘ving bpl.a, 

1813 CoLeripce Remorse Epil., Dire disimproving disad- 
vantages. 

Disimpro-vement. [f. prec. after Improve- 

MENT.] ‘The action of disimproving; the reverse 
of improvement ; a change for the worse. 
, 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exem/. v. § 33 It hath also especial 
influence in the disimprovement of temptations. 1678 Norris 
Colt. Misc. (1699) 193 The final issue..would be, an utter 
neglect and disimprovement of the earth. 1743 Swirt Power 
wre: Wks. 1761 III. 254 Four parts in five of the plan- 
tations for thirty years past have been real disimprovements. 
1873 Hers in Macm, Mag. Feb. 306 There has been much 
disimprovement in the matters I have referred to since their 
first tenure of office. 

Disinable, Disinamour, etc.: see DIsEN-. 

+Disincamera‘tion. O¢s. [ad. F. désin- 
camération (1664 in Littré) : see D1s- 4, 6 and In- 

CAMERATION.] The revocation or annulment of an 
incameration, or annexation of a territory to the 
domain of the Roman Camera; also called dis- 
cameration. 

1668 Lond. Gaz. No. 281/t The Moneys which the Duke 
fof Parma] was obliged to have formerly paid for the Dis- 


incameration of one half of that Dutchy. 1670 G. H. Hist. 
Cardinals u. 1. 198 In the busi of the disi ‘ation 


of Castro. F 
_+ Disincanta‘tion. Oés. rare. [Dis- 9.] 
The undoing of an incantation or enchantment. 

1652 Bentowrs Theoph. x1. 193 The Vanitie of the World. 
Canto XI, The Disincantation. 

Disincarcerate, v. [Dis- 6.] trans. = 
Disimprisoy. Hence Disin¢arcera*tion. 

1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 6 To melt and open 
the surface of the Earth, for to disincarcerate the said venene 
bodies. 1832 Bentuam Wés. (1838-43) XI. 62 In what way 
his impri termi whether by death or b 
disincarceration. 1868 G. MacponaLp Seaboard Parish In 
vi. 103 The disincarcerated spirit. 

.ca‘rnate, z. [Dis-10.] Divested of the 

= 2 lege the opposite of zzcarnate adj. 

1881 Patcrave Death in Forest in Vision of Eng. (188 
The Soul disincarnate. tt 


459 


Disinca‘rnate, v. [Dis-6.] ‘rans. To di- 
vest of flesh or a material body: the opposite of 
incarnate vb. 

1880 Contemp. Rev. Feb. 199 The body which Christ had 
after His resurrection .. being as it were re-incarnated at 
one time and dis-incarnated at another. 

Disinchant, obs. var. of DISENCHANT. 


Disincli‘nable, a. [f. D1s- 10+ INcLINABLE.] 
Having a disinclination; disinclined, indisposed. 

1769 Gotpsm. Roman /ist. (1786) 1. 245 The senate were 
+. no way disinclinable to a peace. 
Disinclination (disinklinz-fon).  [f. D1s- 9 
+ Inciination.] Want of inclination or liking 
(usually implying an inclination towards the oppo- 
site) ; slight dislike or aversion ; indisposition, un- 
willingness. 

1647 CLarENDON ist. Reb, ut. (1843) 75/1 [He], spent his 
time abroad..where he improved his disinclination to the 
church. 1697 Jer. Cottier Ess. Mor, Subj. 11. (1709) 164 
This Humour, unless prevented, will slide into Indifferency 
and Disinclination. 1749 Fiecpinc Jom Yones vi. v, So 
strong a disinclination as 1 have at present to this person. 
1767 Babler No. 67 4] 6 An absolute disinclination for their 
company. 1788 Priesttey Lect. Hist. Ix. (R.) The same 
taste for expensive living will naturally spread to the lower 
ranks..and produce a general disinclination to matrimony. 
1813 J. C. Hosuouse Four. Albania 1122 A disinclination 
from having recourse to unjust extremities. 1856 EMERSON 
Eng. Traits, First Visit Wks. (Bohn) II. 7 He had the 
natural disinclination of every nimble spirit to bruise itself 


against, walls. ne 

Disincline (disinkloin’, v. [f. Dis- 6 + IN- 
CLINE v.] ¢rans. To deprive of inclination; to 
make indisposed, averse, or unwilling. 

1647 CLarENDON //ist, Keb. v. (1843) 115/2 It served..to 
disincline them from any reverence or affection to the queen, 
1736 BotinGproke Patriot. (1749) 242, 1 know that they dis- 
inclined men from the succession. 1804 CASTLEREAGH in 
Owen Wellesley’s Desp. 252 The jealousy which even then 
disinclined the Peishwa to place himself in our hands. 1846 
D. Kine Lora’s Supper iv, 106 He disinclines us for sin. 
1878 Bayne Purit. Rev. ii. 33 Other considerations. .might 
well disincline him to a warlike expedition. 

_ absol. 1790 Han. More Relig. ash. World (1791) 13, It 
is not perplexed argument or intricate metaphysics, which 
can now disincline from Christianity. : 

b. zxtr. To be indisposed or unwilling ; to in- 
cline not (¢o do something’. 

1885 G. Merepitu Diana I.i. 19 She..believed, as men 
disincline to do, that they grow. 

Disinclined (disinkloi-nd), pA/.a. [f. Dis- 10 
+ IncLineD.] Having a disinclination or slight 
aversion; not inclined; averse, indisposed. 

1647 CLARENDON /Zist. Red. v1. (1843) 297/1 Wherever they 
found any person of quality inclined to the king, or but dis- 
inclined to them, they immediately seized upon his person. 
1719 Younc Revenge 11. i, Alvarez pleads indeed, That 
Leonora’s heart is disinclined. ae Ricnarpson Clarissa 
(x8rx) III. xxix. 174, I should not be disinclined to go to 
London, did I know anybody there. 1797 Mrs. RApDcLIFFE 
Italian i, He maintained that if she was not disinclined 
towards him, some sign of approbation would appear. 1856 
Froupe Hist. Eng. 1,149 The old aristocracy..were dis- 
inclined by constitution and sympathy from sweeping 
measures, 1858 Cartyte Fred, Gt. (1865) I. 11. iii. 59 The 
Wends were highly disinclined to conversion, 1888 F. HuME 
Mad. Midas 1. v, [He] felt disinclined for any more sleep. 

Disinclose: see DISENCLOSE. 

Disincomber, obs. var. of DISENCUMBER. 

+ Disincommodate, v. Os. Erroneous mix- 
ture of d¢scommodate and incommodate. 

1635, d. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Banish’d Virgin 22 For 
feare of disincommodating themselves. 

+ Disinco'rporate, 7//. a. Ols. Also 7 
disen-. [f. D1s- 10+ INcoRPORATE a. : see next. ] 
Disunited or separated from a body, corporation, 
or society. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. xxv. $9 (1871) 258 Aliens and 
disincorporate from the Church of God. 1681 R. L’Estrance 
Casuist Uncas'd 78'Ten Millions of men, are but as so many 
Individuals, when disencorporate, and Lopp'd off from the 
Body. 

Disincorporate (disinkpéreit), v. [f. Dis- 
6 + IncorvorATE v.: cf. I. déstncorporer (16go in 
Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. ¢rans. To undo the incorporation of, to dis- 
solve (a corporation). 

1697 Cotuer Ess. Mor, Subj. 1. (1703) 223 To remove the 
Magistracy, or disincorporate the State. 1754-62 Hume 
Hist, Eng. 1V. 191 (Seager) His Majesty had disincorpo- 
rated someidle monks. 1893 Mix. Nat. Conj. Council(1892) 
271 ‘he same law disincorporated the Mormon Church. 

2. To separate from a corporation or body. 

17or Cotiier M. Aurel. (1726) 168 He that is selfish .. dis- 
incorp himself from kind q ~ 

Hence Disincorpora‘tion, the action of disin- 


| corporating, or depriving of the rights and privi- 
_ leges of a corporation. 


1772 T. Warton Life Sir T. Pope 4x (T.) [He] ranked the 
king’s disincorporation of the monks with his rejection of 
the see of Rome..as a matter of an external nature. 

+ Disincrea‘se, s). Ots. In 5 disen-, [f. 
Dis- 9 + IncREASE 5é.] The reverse of increase ; 
decrease, diminution. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy m. xxvii, In preiudice of his wor- 
thynesse And disencrease of his hygh prowesse. ¢1430 — 
Thebes us. (R.), The tydings that fhu hast brought Shal vnto 
him be .disencrease. ¢ — Compl. Loveres Life 202 
Wythout addicyoun, Or disencrese, owther mor or lesse. 


DISINFLATION. 


+ Disincrea‘se, v. O/s. In 5 disencrese. 
[f Dis- 6 + Increase v.] To decrease, diminish 
(¢n¢r. and ¢yans.; in quot. 1430, = DIMINISH 5, to 
rob, deprive). 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. vi. 173 It failep and fallep in 
to moeuynge fro be simplicite of [the] presence of god, and 
disencresip to pe infinite quantite of future and of preterit. 
c1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode-n. xxiv. (1869) 149 Vhei with. 
drawen and disencresen grace dieu of the tresore of hire 
rialtee. | 

Disincru'stant. [f Dis- 10+ L. ¢xcrustant- 
em, pr. pple. of zacrustare to INcRuST : see -ANT!.] 
Something that removes or prevents incrusta- 
tion, 

1878 Ure's Dict. Arts IV. 1012 Zinc as a Disincrustant in 
Steam Boilers. 

Disincumber: see DISENCUMBER. 

Disindivi-‘dualize,v. [D1s-6.] trans. To 
divest of individuality. , 

1839 J. Stertinc Lss. §& Tales (1848) I. 327 Self is thus .. 
dis-individualized, unisolated, rather universalized and 
idealized. 1870 EMERSON Soc. & Solit., Art Wks. (Bohn) 
III. 19 The artist who is to produce a work which is to be 
admired .. by all men..must disindividualize himself, and be 
a man of no party. 

Disinfect (disinfekt), v. [f. Drs- 6 + Inrecr 
v.: perhvad. F, déstnfectes (1556 in Hatz.-Darm:).] 

+1. trans. To rid (a person or place) of an in- 
fection or infectious disease. Obs. rare. 

1598 FLorio, Sworbare, to disinfect, to cure, to heale. 
1722 Lond. Gaz. No. 6025/2 La Canourgue and Banassac 
were disinfecting, none had newly fallen sick there. : 

2. To cleanse (a room, clothes, etc.) from infec- 
tion; to destroy the germs of disease in. 

1658 R. Waite tr. Digdy’s late Disc. 63 They use to make 
great fires, where there is houshold-stuffe of men that died 
of the Pestilence, to dis-infect (1664 disinfect] them. /ézd. 
64. 1828 Wester, Disinfect, to cleanse from infection ; 
to purify from contagious matter. 1844 Pharmac. Fril. 
III. 396 The best mode of disinfecting the clothes of scar- 
latina patients. 1875 L’ve’s Dict. Arts 11. 36 Stenhouse has 
employed charcoal for disinfecting the air. 

absol, 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 11. 37 Water disinfects partly 
by preventing effluvia from arising from bodies. 

Hence Disinfe’cted f//. a., Disinfe'cting vd/. 
sb. and ppl. a. 

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 109/1 As a disinfecting agent .. it 
(chlorine) is unrivalled. 1853 STONEHENGE Greyhound iii. 
(L.) The walls should be well washed with chloride of lime, 
or..disinfecting fluid. 1890 B. A. WuitELeGGE //ygtene & 
Public Health xi, 241 One of these rooms should be strictly 
reserved for infected and the other for disinfected goods. 
1894 7 7i2es 30 Sept. 3/3 A thorough system of disinfection 
by disinfecting officers. : 

Disinfe‘ctant, a. and sé. [ad. F. déstnfectant 
(1816 in Hatz.-Darm.)}, pres. pple. of désznfecter 
to DIsINFECT.] 

A. adj. Having the property of disinfecting. 

1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 11]. 1192 The disinfectant liquor of 
Sir W. Burnett is chloride of zinc. | 

B. sd. Something having this property; an agent 
used for disinfecting or destroying the germs of in- 
fectious disease. 

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 107/2 The hypochlorite of lime, 
usually called chloride of lime ..is a compound of great 
importance, both in the arts, and as a disinfectant. 

Jig. 1862 ‘1. Winturop Cecil Dreeme vi. (Cent.) The 
moral atmosphere, too, of this honest, cheerful, simple home 
scene acted as a moral disinfectant. 

Disinfe‘cter. [f. Disinrecrv.+-ER1.] He 
who or that which disinfects. 

1845 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. V1. 1. 547 It is a disinfecter of 
putrid matter. — ~ : 

Disinfection (disinfekfan). [n. of action 
from DisinFEcT v.: cf. F. aésinfection (1630 in 
Hatz.-Darm ).] The action of disinfecting or puri- 
fying from infection; destruction of the germs of 
infectious diseases. 

1803 Duncan's Ann, Med. 11. 1. 35 On the influence of 
Oxygen in the process of disinfection. 1838 Penny Cyc. 
XII. 470/1 The most important and valuable method of 
disinfection is ventilation. 1890 B. A. WuireLecce Hygiene 
& Public Health xi. 234 Disinfection by heat is the simplest 
and most thorough of all methods. 

Disinfe’ctor. [f. Distvrect v.+-or, after L. 
infector, etc.) =DISINFECTER; sfec. a device for 
diffusing a disinfectant in the air. 

1832 Lp. Campseit. Let. Aug. in Lif (1881) IIT. 15 In 
court we are almost overpowered by fumigations and asper- 
sions..A druggist has made a little fortune by selling what 
he denominates disinfectors. 1874 in Knigut Dict, Mech, 

Disinfeuda‘tion. [Dis- 9.] The reversal 
of infeudation ; liberation from feudal tenure. 

1881 Academy 7 May 336 Some new light upon the dis- 
infeudation of advowsons. 

isinfla‘me, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans. To 
make no longer inflamed ; to deprive of ardour. 
¢x6rx Cuapman //iad xu, 400 O Lycians, why are your 
hot spirits so quickly disinflam’d ? 

Disinflation. [Dis- 9.] The reversal of 
inflation, e.g. of a balloon. Cf. DEFLATION. 

1880 Daily News 22 Oct. 6/5 The grapnel having held fast 
in muddy ground, the disinflation process was executed .. 
before the arrival of the lads, who were very serviceable to 
us for rolling the balloon. 

ingage, -ment, obs. ff. DISENGAGE, -MENT. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne 111. ii. (1632) 456 It is a pleasure 

unto mee, to bee..disingaged from their contentions. 
58*-2 


DISINGENIOUS. 


Disingenious, etc., freq. error in 17th c. for 
DisINGENUOUS, etc. 

Gurnatt Chr. in Arm. i. § 1. (1669) 62/2 One is 
against love, and so dis-ingenious. 1674 Govt. Tongue iii. 
§ 6. 110 The disi i of emb gZ a profession to 
which their own hearts have an inward reluctance. 1678 
Yug. Man's Call. 161 If duty may be ee, put 
off now. 1707 Foyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 11 "Tis Disin- 

enious to pretend to know by the Pulse that which cannot 
& discover'd by it. : 

Disingenuity (disindzéniviti). [f. next, after 
ingenuous, ingenuity.] |= DISINGENUOUSNESS 
(which is now more usual). 

1647 Trare Comm. Pentat. (1650) 1. 302 Unthankfulness 
and dis-ingenuity. 1653 Manton £xf. Jas. iii. 17 Un- 
charitable deductions .. forced by the disingenuity of the 
adversary. 1 Locke Hum. Und. ww. viii. (1695) 350 The 
disingenuity of one, who will go from the definition of his 
own Terms. 1769 Ropertson Chas. V, II. vu. 1 The 
Emperor's disingenuity in violating his repeated promises. 
1835 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. (1852) 184 Mr. Stewart is 
far more lenient than Dr. Wallis’ disingenuity merited. 

b. A piece of unfair treatment or underhand 
dealing. 

1680 H. Dopwett Disc. Sanchoniathon's Hist. (1691) 114 
For the Practice of such disingenuities, 1804 SoutHey in 
Ann. Rev. 11. 18 In one instance he has been guilty of a 
worse disingenuity. 

Disingenuous (disindze‘nizjas), a. [Dis- 
10.] ‘The opposite of zngenuous; lacking in can- 
dour or frankness, insincere, morally fraudulent. 
(Said of persons and their actions.) 

1655 [see Disincentous]. 1657 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 
291 It will be disingenuous to think that his Highness and 
the Council should be under an oath, and your members 
free. 1673 Lady's Call.1. v. P 3. 32 Of such disingenuous 
addresses, ‘tis easy to read the event. 1718 F'reethinker 
No. 67. Pg A Disingenuous Speaker is most effectually re- 
futed without Passion, 1827 Hattam Cous/. Hist. (1876) 
I. ii. 98 Cranmer. .had recourse to the disingenuous shift of 
a protest. 1875 Hevrs Ess., Advice 46 It is a disingenuous 
thing to ask for advice, when you mean assistance. 

Hence Disinge’nuously adv., in a disingenuous 
manner, not openly or candidly, meanly, unfairly. 

1661 H. Newcome Diary (1849) 26 So disingenuously .. 
I have carryed toward my God. 1678 [see Disincenious]. 
1748 Richarpson Clarissa (1811) I. xxxix. 289 Although I 
had most disingenuously declared otherwise to my mother, 
1836 J. Gitpert Chr. Atonem. viii. (1852) 232 We should 
deem it to be disingenuously evasive. 

Disinge‘nuousness. [f. prec. +-nEss.] The 
quality of being disingenuous; want of candour and 
frankness; disposition to secure advantage by means 
not morally defensible; insincerity, unfairness. 

1674 [see DisinGENtous, etc.]. 1815 Jane Austen Emma 
UL. v. 298 Disingenuousness and double-dealing seemed to 
meet him on every turn. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. 11. 274 
Those statutes .. could not without the grossest disin- 
genuousness be so strained. 188r Stantey Chr. Justit. 
viii. 167 A singular exewtple either of the disingenuousness 
or of the neglu=" * >with which the Prayerbook was recon- 
structed. 

+Disinha‘bit, 4/7. a. Short for DistInHABITED. 

1530 PatsGr. 519/2 This countraye is utterly disinhabyt, 
ce pays est entierement depopulé, 

+ Disinha‘bit, v. O/s. [f. Dis- 6 + Inuanir 
v.] trans. Yo rid or deprive of inhabitants; to 
dispeople. 

1530 Pasar. 519/2, I disinhabyte a countrey, I make it 
barayne of dwellynge people. 1582 N. LicHerietp tr. 
Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. liv. 117 The Citie beeing thus 
disinhabited. 1607 TorseL. Serfents (1658) 601 Some places 
have been disinhabited, and dispeopled by Serpents. 1818 
Topp s.v. Dishadit, In modern times we sometimes use ds- 
inhabit for it. 

b. ref. To remove one’s dwelling. 

1679 G. R. tr. Boyatuau'’s Theat, World i. 220 Caused 
the People to dis-inhabit themselves. 

Hence +Disinha‘bited ///. a., uninhabited, 
without inhabitants. 

1600 Haktuyt Voyages III. 374(R.) Nothing but exceed- 
ing rough mountaines .. vtterly disinhabited and voyd of 

ople. 1622 Manne tr. Ademan's Guzman d’Alf. 1. 157 

ee .. dwels in places vn-peopled and dis-inhabitted. 1632 
Litucow 7 rav. vin. 374 Wee were long or night involved 
in a dis-inhabited Country. 1684 Bucaniers Amer. 1.(ed. 2) 
5 That part of this Island. .is totally dis-inhabited. 


+ Disinha‘bitable, 2. Ods. [Dis- 10.] Un- 
inhabitable. 

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 342 There was reason 
to believe these parts disinhabitable. 1660 N. INceLo 
Bentivolio & Urania (1682) 1. 74 Will you make this place 
disinhabitable to ingenuity? 

+ Disinha’bitate, v. Obs. rave—°, [Dis- 6.] 


1611 Cotcr., Deshaditer, to disinhabitate, or depriue of 


inhabitants. 

Disinherison (disinhe'rizan). Also disen- 
[f. Dis- 9 + Innerison: cf. disherison.] The 
action of disinheriting, or fact of being disinherited ; 
disinheritance; = DISHERISON. 

1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1 The peril slaunder or dis- 
hinherison of any the issues and heires of the kinges maies- 
tie. 1622 Bacon Hen. V// Wks. (Bohn) 310 It_ tended 
directly to the disinherison of the line of York. 1643 Prynne 
Sov. Power Parl. 1. (ed. 2) 69 The great mischiefs and 
disinherisons that the people of the Realme of England have 
heretofore suffered. 1765 BLackstone Comm. 1. 448 There 
are fourteen such reasons .. which may justify such disin- 
herison. 1862 Sara Ship Chandler iii. 53 Commanding him 
under pain of disinherison..to unite himself to the bride he 
+» had chosen for him, 


4€0 


Disinherit aeons v. Also 6 disen-, 
dishenerite. [f. Dis- 6 + Innenir v.] ‘rans. 
To deprive or dispossess of an inheritance ; ‘to cut 
off from an hereditary right’ (J.); to prevent (a 


person) from coming into * strane of a property 
or right which in the ordinary course would de- 
volve upon him as heir. 

c1450 Merlin 452 We hadde leuer be disinherited and 
chased oute of the londe. c1g32 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in 
Palsgr. 1040 The sonne him shal disenherite, = 
Chron., Hen, V an. 2 (1800) 60 Shamefully to di ite 
ourselfe and the Croune of our Realme. 
sHED Chron. III. 820/2 Yet had he sent his 
the said dukes countrie .. to destroie and dishinherit the 
said duke. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxvii. 10 
A very rich Woman, that had disinherited her kindred, an’ 
left her estate to the Pagod. _1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu 
Let. to C'tess Bristol (1887) 1. 240 A child thus adopted 
cannot be disinherited. 1860 Hook Lives A dfs. (1869) 1. 363 
He was disinherited and turned out of his father’s house. 

+b. Const. of. Obs. 

1548 Hat Chron., Hen. VII an. 4 (1809) 444 Nor yet En- 
tended to disheneryt the yonge Duke Phillippe of his 
Graundfathers inheritaunce. 1621 S/a’e Trials, Alp. Abbot 
(R.) Some right of hunting, which the Archbishop was to 
disinherit his church of. a@17x6 Soutu (J.) Of how faira 
ea Adam disinherited his whole posterity ! 

e. fig. 

1634 Mitton Comus 334 And thou, fair moon .. Stoop thy 
pale visage through an amber cloud, And disinherit Chaos, 
that reigns here. 1748 Younc Nt. TA. 1. 246 God's image 
disinherited of day, Here, plungd in mines, forgets a sun 
was made. 1840 Mas. Browninc Drama of Exile Wks. 1889 
I. 35 Earth, methinks, Will disinherit thy philosophy. 

Hence Disinhe‘rited ///. a., Disinhe'riting 
vol. sb. and ppl. a. 

1583 Fxec. for Treason (1675) 42 The disinheriting of all 
the Nobility. 1635 Eart Strarrorp Lett. (1739) I. 471 Those 
disinherited Princes of the Palatinate. 1777 SueRipan Sch. 
Scand. 1v.i, An unforgiving eye, and a confounded disin- 
heriting countenance! 1 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
II. x. 486 A disinkerited and dispossessed chieftain still 
looked on the land as his own, 

Disinheritable, a. [f. prec. + -aBLe.] Liable 
to be disinherited. 

1646 Futter Wounded Consc. (1841) 291 Heirs of Heaven 
they are, but disinheritable for their misdemeanour. 

e‘ritan {f. DistnnErit v., after 


Hottn- 
le to inuade 


ce. 
inheritance.| The fact of disinheriting, or of being 
disinherited ; dispossession from an inheritance. 

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c.g § 1 Vexation, troubles, wrongs 
and disinheritance hath followed. 1660 R. Coxe Yustice 
Vind. 36 To the dispossession and disinheritance of another. 
1789 Trifler No. 39. 506 He was enjoined .. upon pain of 
disinheritance. 1843 W. H. Mitt Odserv. Crit. Gosp. u. ii. 
§ 3. 257 By adirect sentence of disinheritance. 

+ Disinhe‘ritate, v. Olds. rare. [f. Distn- 
HERIT + -ATE, on analogy of words from Latin ppl. 
stem: see -ATE? and3, Cf. It. disereditare = disere- 
dare to disinherit.]) = DIsINHERIT. 

Hence Disinhe ritated f//.a.; also Disinheri- 
ta‘tion = DISINHERITANCE. 

: 1654 Coxaine Dianea ut. 172 A Princesse disinheritated 
implores your aide. 1835 Chamb. Frnl. 16 May 121 
Threatened with disinheritation. 

ume (disinhi#m), v. Also disen-. 
[D1s- 6.] trans. To unbury, unearth, exhume. 

1821 Worpsw. Lccl. Sonn., Wicliffe, The Church is seized 
with sudden fear, And at her call is Wicliffe disinhumed. 
1833 /'raser’s Mag. VIII. 637 The disinhuming of the 
primitive history of mankind. 1881 Corn’. Alag. Pt. 93 
A golden drinking-horn disenhumed in the old England of 
our ancestors by the Baltic Shore. 

+ Disinsa‘nity. Ods. rare. In 7 disen-. [irreg. 
f. dis- (used otiosely or ? intensively; cf. Dis- 5) + 
Insanity.] Insanity, madness. 

a 1625 Beaum. & Fi. Two Noble K. ut. v, What tediosity 
and disensanity Is here among ye ! 

Disinslave, obs. form of DisENSLAVE. 

Disinsula‘tion. [D1s-9.] Doing away with 
insulation ; the rendering no longer an island. 

1882 Daily Tel. No. 8306. 5/3 The dis-insulation of Eng- 
land may cr may not be a national > 

Disinsure, Disintail, etc.: see DIsen-, 


Disintegrable, a. [f Disinrecrate: see 
-ABLE.] Capable of being disintegrated. 


1796 Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) 1. 93 Argillo-calcites. 1st 
Class. Readily disintegrable by exposure to the atmosphere. 
1864 H. Srencer /nduct. Biol. § 118(L.) The formations 
{of land] being disintegrable in different degrees. 

Disi-nte , a. and sb, [fas prec. +-ant!.] 

A. adj, Disintegrating, or becoming disinte- 
grated. B. sd. Something that disintegrates; a 
eo agent. 

1855 H. Srencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 1.1. iv. 75 A direct 
disintegrant of the tissues. 1866 Padd Mail G. 10 Nov. 4 
Post-classical and disintegrant Greek. 

Disintegrate (disi‘nt/gre't), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
INTEGRATE v.] 

1. ¢vans. To separate into its component parts or 
particles ; to reduce to fragments, break up, destroy 
the cohesion or integrity of (as by mechanical or 
atmospheric action). Also fig. 

x irwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) 1. 99 Marlites .. are not 
disintegrated by exposure totheatmosphere. 1860 TYNDALL 
Glac. 1. vii. 49 The adjacent rocks .. were disintegrated. 
1864 Daily Tel, 20 Sept., Most valuable for the purpose of 
blasting or disintegrating rocks. 1874 Heirs Soc. Press. 


DISINTEGRATOR. 


> 
_ xxii. 333 Bricks. .entirely disintegrated by the corrosive in- 


nye 
“4 ‘ALLAM Aist, Lit, ii, ut. § 13 A fanati 
dfetuegrating every thing likea church. 1860 Froupe Hist. 
Eng. V. 121 ‘The grazing farms were disintegrated. The 
cottages of the. pananes had ogee Spee Se ee 
attac 1876 Giapstone Homeric Synchr. 7 
ity. ded in a hundred efforts., 

yy rene pps odify 
tgoist Vil, ‘e cannot modify our 
without i Tiinoune the socal structure. 

b. To separate or break off as particles or 


fragments from the whole mass or 
Sry Tusinas Moab iii. 40 The detached blocks, which 
have been disintegrated from the mass. 1876 Brewer Eng. 
Studies ii, (1881) 57 ‘ Vheir personal adventures’. .cannot 
disintegrated from the g | body of our history without 
blurring its lineaments. 


2. intr. (for refl.) To become disintegrated, to 
break up. 

318.. R. Jameson (I..), On exposure to the weather it 
(chalk marl] rapidly disintegrates. 1851 Ricnarpson Geo, 
ix. 349 The absorption of oxygen and carbonic acid from 
the air causes rocks .. to disintegrate. Froupe Hist. 
Eng. 1, 336 The Church itself was fast disintegrating. 

ntegrate, ¢. rare. [f. Dis- 10 + InTE- 
GRATE @., after prec.] Disintegrated. 

1875 G. Macponatp A/alcolm ILI. x. 147 The disintegrate 
returns to resting and capable form. 

ens ppl. a. [f. DIsInTEGRATE v. 
+ -ED!.] educed to fragments, broken up; 
broken off as fragments: see the verb. 

1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) 1. 321 The felspar, both 
in granites and porphyries, is frequently found..in a de- 
composed or disintegrated state, 1854 J. Scorrern in Or7’s 
Circ. Sc. Chem. 7 Disintegrated particles. PHILLiPs 
Vesuv. v. 146 This volcanic dust is disintegrated lava. —_ 
Cuurcu Spenser 62 The wreck and clashing of disintegrat 
customs. : 

Disi-utegrating, 7//.c. [f.as prec. + -ING 2) 

1. That disintegrates (¢rans.); reducing or tend- 
ing to reduce to fragments; destroying cohesion or 
integrity. 

1831 Brewster Nat. Magic xii. (1833) 298 The disintegrat- 
ing and solvent powers af emia agents. 1868 G. Durr 
Pol. Surv. 220 Those disintegrating forces which have 
worked so powerfully in breaking up more than one of the 
States. : : ; 

2. That disintegrates (z#/r.) ; breaking up, going 
to pieces. 

1872 C. Kine Mountain. Sierra Nev. x. 217 A disintegra- 
ting race. 1877 Roperts Handtk. Med. (ed. 3) 1. 124 Dis- 
integrating red corpuscles are sometimes seen. 

Disintegra‘tion. [n. of action f, DistTE- 
GRATE v.: see -ATION.] e action or process of 
disintegrating, or the condition of being disinte- 
grated ; reduction to component particles, breaking 
up; destruction of cohesion or integrity. 

a. lit.; sfec.in Geol., the wearing down of rocks 
by rain, frost, and other atmospheric influences. 

1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. a7 96 By exposure to the 
air and moisture, it .. chips and falls to pieces. This disin- 
tegration is remarkable, for it does not proceed solely from 
the absorption of water, 1808 Henry Zit. Chem. (ed. 5) 

57 The disintegration of stones, ere agg alumine, 
is not easily cflected by means of potash. 1834 THomson 
in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. No. 2. 42 The disintegration of 
the clay-slate rocks. 1860 Maury PAys. Geog. i. 20 The wire 
wrapping of the Atlantic cable has been found in a state 
almost of complete disintegration. 1863 A.C. Ramsay 
Phys. Geog. iii. (1878) 34 The heric di 

ration of cliffs. 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys, 1. ii. § 30 

1879) 30 When a Muscle is called into contraction, there 
a certain disintegration or ‘ waste’ of its tissue. 


. fig. 
1849 Hr. Martineau in Four C. Eng. Lett. 545 If the 
principles of social liberty should di the d gration 
of nations. 1865 Merivace Rom. Emp. VILL. Ixviii. 355 
The decay of moral principles which hastened the disin- 
tegration of Roman society. 1868 GLapstone Pur. Mundi 
i. (1870) 19 There are passages of ancient writers which tend 
to the disintegration of Homer. 
c. attrib. as disintegration-scheme, -theory. 

= W. Kay Crisis Hupfeld. 59 The principles on which 
the Disintegration-theory rests. ‘ 

Hence Disintegra‘tionist, an advocate of disin- 
tegration. 

1884 Duncxey in Manch. Exam. 1 Dec. 6/1 Mr. Forster 
seems to them to be the great disintegrationist of our time, 


1889 Bagel Aug., Their own d v4 isaN 
n the disintegrationists. 
ntegrative, a. [f. as prec.: see-aTIvE.] 


Having the quality of disintegrating ; tending to 
disin' te. 

1869 Contemp. Rev. X11. 1 ‘enets .. essentially disin- 
tegrative of union, 1876 A. M. Farrsaimn S/ranss 1, in 
Contemp. Rev. June 135 Ancient heresies were elaborative, 
modern disintegrative of dogma. 

‘ntegrator. [agent-n. f. DisInrEGRATE 
v.: see -OR. 

1. One who or that which disintegrates. 

1844 NV. Brit. Rev. 1. 114 Collectors of authorities and dis- 
integrators of débris. 1863 A. C. Ramsay Phys. Geog. i. 
(1878) 4 Frost is .. a powerful disintegrator. 5 

. spec. Applied to machines or appliances for 
reducing substances to small fragments orto powder. 

1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., Disintegrator. 1. A machine 
for grinding or pulverizing bones, guano, etc., for manure. 
2. A mill in which grain is broken into a fine dust by beaters 

jecting from the faces of parallel metallic disks revolv- 
ing in contrary directions, 1890 Daily News 26 June 6/1 


DISINTEGRATORY. 


A t the p _ : is one ee the spats 
Disintegrator .. It grinds everything to powder, and .. is 
iepety eee in $aiieing: bones and oyster shells. .into a fine 
mixture that makes an admirable chicken food. 

2. = DISINTEGRATIONIST. 

1865 W. Kay Crisis Huffeld. 26 The opponents of the 


* Disintegrators. 


‘ x6xx Cotar., Dessevelir, to disinterre, vnburie. 


Disi‘ntegra:tory, 2. [f. as prec. + -ory.] 
Producing or tending to disintegration. 

1878 Lewes in Pop. Sc. Monthiy XIII. 419 Criticism has 
taken its place among the disintegratory agencies. 2 

tegrity. [Dis-9.] Want of integrity 

or entireness; unsound or disintegrated condition. 

1785 Bentuam MWés. (1838-43) X. 145 The multitude of the 
audience multiplies for disintegrity the chances of detection. 
1861 Wits in Ecclesiologis¢ XXII. 91 Nothing short of 
such a system could have prevented the falling in of Chiches- 
ter Tower ; it was in a state of disintegrity, which nothing 
could arrest. ; 

Disintegrous, 2. rave. [f. Dis- 10+ L. zn- 
teger entire +-0uS : after disintegrate, etc.] Char- 
acterized by disintegration or want of cohesion. 

1885 Sci. Amer. (N. Y.) 8 Aug. 80 Such a disintegrous 
material as iron could not be spread into layering leaves 


like gold. 

Disinte’nsify, v. [D1s- 6.] ¢rans. To de- 
prive of its intensity ; to make less intense. 

1884 Browninc Ferishtah 119 Black’s soul of black Beyond 
white’s power to disintensify. 

Disinter (disints-1), v. Also 7 disen-, -terre. 
[ad. F. désenterrer (15th c. in Littré), f. des- Dis- 
4+ enterrer to INTER. ] 

1. trans. To take (something) out of the earth in 

which it is buried; to take (a corpse, etc.) out of 
the grave; to unbury, exhume. 
1627 May 
Lucan 1x, (R.) Isis (their Goddesse now) I'le disinterre. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vit. xix. 384 ‘To disen- 
terre the bodies of the deceased. 1658 Evriyn /'r. Gard. 
(1675) 96 Dis-interre the greatest roots. 1867 PeArson Hist, 
Lng. I. 2 The short shallow skulls which are even now dis- 
interred in old barrows. 

2. transf. and fig. To take out as if from atomb ; 
to bring out of concealment, ‘ unearth’. 

171r Appison Sfect. No. 215 \p 2 The Philosopher, the 
Saint, or the Hero. . very often lies, concealed in a Plebeian, 
which a proper Education might have dis-interred. 1818 
Scott rt. Mid7. i, Vhe two ladies who had been disinterred 
out of the fallen vehicle. 

+ Disinteress, v. Os. Pa. pple. -essed, -est. 
[ad. F. déstntéresser ‘to discharge, or saue harme- 
lesse; to rid from all interest in’ (Cotgr.), f. des- 
Dis- 4 + zntéresser to INTEREST.] = DISINTEREST v. 
Hence Dis-interessing vd/. sd. 

1622 Bacon Hen. V’//, 55 The higher Bond that tyeth him 
.-doth dis-interesse him a these Obligations. 1642 R. Car- 
PENTER Exferience i. iv. 14 Why is every man disinteressed 
froma lawfull calling? 1642 Jer. Taytor “isc. (1647) 249 To 
be deposed, or disinterest in the allegeance of subjects. 1646 
Sattmarsu Some Drops i. 3 We all see how hazardous it is 
to disinteresse any in the Civill part. a 1655 Vinrs Lorad’s 
Supp. (1677) 342 The dis-interessing of self-love. .is very rare, 

+ Disinteressed, 7//.a2. Obs. Also des-, 
disinterest. [f. prec. + -ED!, or f. Dis- 10+IN- 
TERESSED. ] 

1. =DISINTERESTED I. ; 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne 11. ii, (1632) 456 It is a pleasure 
unto mee, to bee disinteressed of other mens affayres, and 
disingaged from their contentions. 1638 CuitLinew. Kelig. 
Prot, 1. iii. § 81.179 We that are disinteressed persons. 1648 
Boyte Seraph. Love vi. (1700) 48 Such disinteressed and 
resign’d Habitudes. 1692 Drypen St. Euremont's Ess. 351 
Let us act the disinteressed. 

2. =DISINTERESTED 2. 

1610 Donne Pseudo-martyr. xii. 358 The Pope..more dis- 
interessed then the neighbour Princes, 1649 Jer. Taytor 
Gt. Exentp. 1. 72 The prudence of a wise and disinterest 
person. 1696 Mary Astett Proposal to Ladies 137 ‘The 
most refin’d and disinteress’d Benevolence. 1700 TyrRELL 
Hist. Eng. 11. 1098 This Writer being a Layman is more 
disinteressed. 

Hence + Disinteressedly adv.; }Disinteressed- 
ness, -estness, disinterestedness. 

1648 BoyLe Seraph. Love xiii. (1700) 66 The. . Disinterest- 
ness of his Love tous, 1707 Xe/?. Ridic. 253 Disinteressed- 
ness and Generosity. a7 f . Puiwiers tr. Thirty-four 
Confer. 351 Men disinteress’dly holy. 

+Disinteressment. Ols.  [a. F. désin- 
téressement (1657 in Hatz.-Darm.).] Disinterested- 
ness, impartiality. 

1662 J. Barcrave Pope Alex. VIT (1867) 110 Let him read 
them both with an equal disinteressment. 1718 Prior Poems 
Postcr. to Pref., He (the Earl of Dorset] has managed some 
of the greatest charges of the kingdom, with known ability ; 
and laid them down with entire disinteressment. 

Disinterest, sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Inrerest sd.] 

1. That which is contrary to interest or advan- 
tage ; disadvantage, prejudice, injury ; something 
against the interest of or disadvantageous ¢o (a 
person or thing concerned). Now rare. 

_ 1662 Granvitt Lux Orient, Pref. (1682) 7 "Tis a great dis- 
interest to so..unusual a Doctrine as this, to be but partially 
handled. x Norris Cold. Afisc. (1 ) 294 Whatever .. 
tends to the Disinterest of the Public, is Evil. 1744 Harris 
Three Treat. (1841) 105 You have seen many a wise head 
shake, in pronouncing that sad truth, How we are governed 
all by interest. And what do they think should govern us 
else? Our loss, our damage, our disinterest? 1876 Ruskin 
Fors Clav. V1. \xviii. 253 All gain, increase, interest .. to 


461 


the lender of capital, is loss, decrease, and dis-interest to 
the borrower of capital. Lae 

+ 2. Disinterestedness, impartiality. Ods. 

1658 J. Wess tr, Calprenede’s Cleopatra vill. i. 34 
Perswaded of my disinterest in the affaires of Coriolanus. 
1718 OzeELL Zournefort's Voy. I. p. xviii, Physick, which he 
practised with the most perfect disinterest. 1799 W. TayLor 
in Monthly Rev. XX1X. 102 A catching spirit of disinterest 
and benevolence. 18053 — in A/onthly Mag. XX. 40 The 
taste of Lessing awarded them, if not with equity, with 
disinterest. 

3. Absence of interest, unconcern. rare. 

_ 1889 Mrs. Ranpotrn New Eve I. i. 29 [An expression] of 
intense disinterest in all earthly things. 

Disi-nterest, v. Now rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
INTEREST v,; see DISINTERESS, which this vb. has 
superseded.] 

1. trans. To rid or divest of interest or concern ; 
to detach from the interest or party of. 

1612 Bacon Charge touching Duels, When he shall see 
the law and rule of state disinterest him of a vain and 
unnecessary hazard. 1675 tr. Camden's [ist. Eliz. 539 
An advantageous Peace had been offered to him by the 
Pope’s Nuncio..if he would disinterest himself from the 
Queen, 1692 Bevertey Disc. Dr. Crisp 15 His present 
Enmity does not disinterest him in a Right to come, if he 
would; But it hinders his being willing tocome. 1895 Pad/ 
MallG. 1 Feb. 2/t Politics in France are disgusting, and that 
is why the people have disinterested themselves entirely from 
taking part in them. we 

2. To free from self-interest, to render disin- 
terested. 

1681 R. L’Estrance Afol. Prot. u. 29 That every man 
dis-interesting himself, may candidly endeavour the retriv- 
ing of the Truth, 

Disinterest, var. of DIsINTERESSED A//. a. 

Disi‘nterested, #//. ¢. [f. prec. vb. +-ED 1; 
or f, Dis- 10 + INTERESTED.] 

+1. Without interest or concern; not interested, 
unconcerned. ? Ods. 

@ 1612 Donne Biabavaros (1644) 09 Cases, wherein the party 
is dis-interested. 1684 Contempl. State of Mar. x (1699) 
113 How dis-interested are they in all Worldly matters, since 
they fting their Wealth and Riches into the Sea. 1767 
Funius /ett, iii. 18 A careless disinterested spirit is no part 
of his character. 

2. Not influenced by interest; impartial, un- 
biased, unprejudiced ; now always, Unbiased by 
personal interest; free from self-seeking. (Of 
persons, or their dispositions, actions, etc. ) 

1659 O. WALKER Oratory 115 The soul .. sits now as the 
most disinterested Arbiter, and impartial judge of her own 
works, that she can be. 1705 Stanuore Paraffr. III. 435 
So should the Love to our Neighbour be .. Not mercenary 
and designing, but disinterested and hearty. 1726 ddv. 
Capt. R. Boyle 273 Any disinterested Person would make 
the same Judgement; your Passion has blinded yours. 
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 11. 82, I fairly own I 
was not disinterested in wishing you here 1865 LivinGsTone 
Zambesi xxii. 446 His disinterested kindness to us.. can 
never be forgotten. 

Disi‘nterestedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly .] 
In a disinterested manner; impartially ; without 
regard to self-interest ; unselfishly. - 

171x Suartess. Charac. (1737) 1. 42 He, who is ever said 
to do good the most disinterestedly. 1807 SoutHey Le/t. 
(1856) II. 20 He knows the Arts well, and loves them dis- 
interestedly. 1830 Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) II. 161 
Devotedly and disinterestedly faithful. 1875 Hamrerton 
Intell. Life u. iii. 64 How difficult it is to think out such 
a problem disinterestedly. 

Disinterestedness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being disinterested ; impartiality ; 
freedom from self-interest or selfish bias. 

a 1682 Sir T. Browne (J.), These expressions of selfishness 
and disinterestedness have been used in a very loose and 
indeterminate manner. 1709 J. Jonnson in Ballard MSS. 
(Bodl. Libr.) XV. 46 What I most admire him for is Dis- 
interestedness. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 196 ® 8 This 
..gives firmness and constancy, fidelity and disinterested- 
ness. 1866 Lippon Bampt. Lect. iv. (i875) 105 This dis- 
interestedness, this devotion to the real interest of human- 
kind. 1875 Jowett Plato III. 79 He can assume the dis- 
guise of virtue or disinterestedness without having them. 

Disinteresting, ///. a. [f. Dis- 10 + Iy- 
TERESTING Afi, a., or f. DISINTEREST v. + -ING 2.] 
Uninteresting ; causing lack of interest. 

1737 WaArsurTON Let. to Birch in Boswell Yohnson (1887) 
I. 29 A dull, heavy succession of long quotations of dis- 
interesting passages. 1800 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. 
X. 319 The attempt. . produces on all the Disciples a similar 
disinteresting effect. 18.. The Studio 111. 130 (Cent.) He 
rarely paints a disinteresting subject. 

Disinterestness, var. DIsINTERESSEDNESS. Ods. 

Disinte'rment. [f Disinrer v. +-MENT.] 

1. The action of disinterring ; exhumation. 

1790 P. Neve (¢it/e) A Narrative of the Disinterment of 
Milton’s Coffin. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1. App. 
788 The disinterment of Harold’s body. 1872 Yeats Growth 
Comm, 60 ‘Lhe disinterment of Pompeii and Herculaneum. 

2. concr. The material result or product of dis- 
interring ; something disinterred. 

1825 W, TaycLor in Monthly Rev. CVI. 526 Among the 
most curious disinterments are vases for heating water. 
1841 D’Israett Amen, Lit., R. Crowley 11. 150 Our most 
skilful delver into dramatic history, amidst his curious 
masses of disinterments, has brought up this proclamation. 

Disintertwivne, v. [Dis- 6.] ‘vans. To 
bring out of an intertwined condition ; to untwist. 

1861 Lytton & Fane Zannhduser 32 The carven archi- 


DISJASKED. 


trave, Whereon the intricate .. design Of leaf and stem 

disintertwined itself. 1867 Gi.persLEEvE Ess. § Stud. (1890) 

ein intricate compounds as ‘disintertwined ’. 
isinthrall, Disinthrone: see D1sEn-. 

Disintomb, obs. var. of DISENTOMB v. 

1611 Fiorio, Disepelire, to vnburie, disintombe. 

Disinto'ne, v. vare. [f. Dis- 6 + IntoNEv.] 
trans. To deprive of ‘tone’, weaken, enfeeble. 

1892 Voice (N. Y.) 14 July, Every brain habitually stimu- 
lated by alcohol is more or less disintoned. 

Disinto‘xicate, v. ? 0s. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans. 
To free from intoxication; to restore to soberness. 

1685 J. CHAMBERLAYNE Coffee Tea § Choc. 40 It disintoxi- 
cates those that are fuddled. 

Disintreat: see DISENTREAT. 

Disi-ntricate, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Inrricate v.] 
trans. To free from intricacy or complication ; to 
Gisentangle, unravel, extricate. 

1598 FLorio, Districare, to free. .to disintricate, tovntangle. 
1611 Corer., Desmeslement .. a loossing..vnpestering, dis- 
intricating. 1660 tr. Aseyraldus” Treat. conc. Relig. WM. iv. 
371 The knowledge of the true God. .disintricated from the 
confusion of so many false Deities. 1830 Sir W. HaMILTon 
Discuss. (1852) 45 ‘Vo disintricate the question, by relieving 
it of these two errors. 

+Disinw re, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + INURE v.] 
trans. To deprive of use or practice; to disaccustom. 

1613 Jackson Creed 1. 59 God .. dis-inuring his chosen 
Israel from his wonted call. 1644 Mitton A reof. (Arb.) 65 
We are hinder’d and dis-inur’d by this cours of licencing 
towards the true knowledge of what we seem to know. 

+ Disinvalidity. Os. [irreg. f. d7s-, otiose or 
intensive (cf. Dis- 5) + Invauipity.] Invalidity. 

1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Cxsar i. iv. 136, 1 docall those 
Some mens doctrines. . Private Opinions ; and so well may 
I doe, in respect of the disinvalidity and disproportion of 
them. 

+ Disinveigle, v. Ods.rare. [D1s-6.] trans. 
To free from inyeiglement. 

1635 J. Haywarp tr. Bivndi's Banish'd Virg. 50 Nor had 
he..beene yet disinveagled so soone as he was..but for the 
Princesse..who. .shew’d him the false carde dealt him. 

Disinvelope: see DISENVELOP. 

Disinvernt, v. nonce-wd. [Dis-6.] trans. To 
undo the invention of. 

1868 Heirs Realmah xiv. (1876) 371, I would disinvent 
telegraphic communication. /é¢d. 376 and 386. 

Disinve'st, 7. [Dis- 6: cf. mod.F. dészx- 
vestir.) trans. To deprive of that with which one 
is invested ; to strip, divest (/7¢. and fy). 

1630 Wapswortn /’/gr. iii. 12 They made me disinvest 
my selfe of such prophane garments I had. a 1631 Drayton 
Wks. 1. 270(Jod.) Having seen His disinvesting and disastrous 
chance. 1645 W. Batt Sphere Govt. 13 By reposing or 
granting such Trust, they doe not disinvest themselves of 
their night naturall. 1882 A. Austin in Contemp. Rev. 
Jan. 129 Not .. that larguage has of itself any spell to dis- 
invest man, who employs it, of that dust of the ground 
which enters so largely into his cc > osition. . 

So Disinve'stiture, Disinve ~e, the action 
of disinvesting or state of being disinvested. 

1616 Court §& 7. Yas. [ (1849) I. 430 They rather think of 
his disinvesture of his robe, and after to be questioned in 
the Star Chamber. 1846 Worcester cites Vest, Rev. for 
Disinvestiture. 

Disinvi-gorate, v. vare. [Dis- 6.) trans. 
To deprive of vigour, to enervate: the opposite of 
invigorate, 

1844 Syp. Smit Let. in Afenz. (1855) I. 518 This soft, 
and warm, and disinvigorating climate. 

+ Disinvita‘tion. 0s. [f. Dis- 9 + Invira- 
TIoN.] The opposite of an invitation; an invitation 
not to do something. 

1654 Lp Orrery Parthenissa (1676) 502 Why do you.. 
give meso great a dis-invitation to obey you? 

+ Disinvi'te, v.. Ods. [Dis- 6.] trans. To 
do the opposite of inviting ; to retract or cancel an 
invitation to. Hence Disinvisting ff/. a. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia ut. 329 Casting a sideward look on 
Zelmane, [he] made an imperious sign with a threatening 
allurement (a dis-inviting cig of her) to follow. 1656 
Finett For. Ambass. 143 (T.) I was upon his highness’s 
intimation sent to disinvite them, 1665 J. SERGEANT Sure- 
JSooting 27 Which would. .disinvite to a pursuit. 

Disinvo'lve, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Invotve v.] 
trans. To free from an involved condition ; to un- 
fold; to disentangle. A 

1611 Fiorio, Disinnolto, disintangled, disinuolued. 1632 
Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu’s Vnhappy Prosperitie 9 Other 
inquisitions .. from which the most innocent hardly could 
dis-involve themselves. 1647 Power of Keys ii. 12 False 
illations .. which will all vanish ..and the truth be dis- 
involved. 1742 Younc N?. Th. 1x. 260 To dis-involve the 
moral world, and give ‘Io nature’s renovation brighter 
charms, 

Disinwrap, obs. var. of DISENWRAP v. 

1611 Fiorio, Disuilluppare, to disinwrap. 

Disione, var. of DissunE v. Obs. 

Disjasked, -et, -it, A/a. Se. [According 
to Jamieson ‘a corruption of dejected *: ef. Dis- 
JECTED.] Broken down, dilapidated ; decayed. /7¢. 
and fig. Also in comd. 

1816 Scott Odd Mort. xii, ‘Tak the first broken disjasked- 
looking road.’ 1822 GaLt Steamboat 261 (Jam.) In a very 
disjaskit state, being both sore in lith and limb, and worn 
out in my mind, 1830 — Laurie T. vu. viii. (1849) 336 
Miss Beeny, not having been in bed all night, was in a most 
disjasket state, 


DISJECT. 


Disject (disdzekt), v. [f. L. disyect-, ppl. stem 
of am to Ww “asun T, scatter, ileperse, f. 


dis-, Dis- 1 + sacére to throw: cf. also L. disjectare 
freq.] trans. To cast or break asunder; to scatter, 
disperse. Hence Disje'cted f/. a. separated by 
force, dismembered. 

1s8t Marseck Bk. of Notes 159 A Church most rightlie 
instituted, which was afterward mise[ra]blie disiected and 
seperated. 1647 Trapp Comm. Fas.i. 1 The Jews at this 
day are a disjected and despised people. — Xev.xvi.1 By 
the earth-quake disjected and dissipated. a, berg mie 
Scorr Lect. Archit. 11. 322 My lecture... the last of m 
long but disjected series. 1893 Law Yimes XCV. 54/1 
That branch of the Profession elects to remain disjected, 
a profession of units without common interests, without 
cohesion. 1894 G. ALLEN in West, Gaz. 22 May 1/3 To 
tear his present critic limb from limb..and then to dance a 
stately. .carmagnole over the disjected members. 


Disjecta membra. /aé. hr. An alteration 
of Horace’s disjecti membra poeta ‘limbs of a dis- 
membered poet’, used = Scattered remains. 

1722 Pore Lett. (1737) 250 (Stanf.) You call’d ’em an 
Horatian cento and then I recollected the disyecti membra 
poetae. 1754 H. Watcpore Left. (+857) If. 41x (Stanf.) 
Shake those words all together, and see if they can be any- 
thing but the disjecta membra of Pitt. 1872 C. Kine 
Mountain. Sierra Nev. ix. 186 The savant to whose tender 
mercies these disjecta membra have been committed. 

Disjection (disdzekfan). [ad. L. disjection- 
em, n, of action f. disjicére, to DISJECT : see -TION.] 
The action of throwing asunder; the fact or con- 
dition of being scattered ; forcible dispersion, rout. 

1735 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea 148 Then like a Cannon in 

roportion to these, the disjection is with more or less 

iolence, producing Thunder. a 1806 Br. Horstey Brdlical 
Crit. 1V. 395 (L.) The sudden disjection of Pharaoh's host. 
1837 CartyLe /r. Rev. us iii. vil. ‘These days of convulsion 
and disjection. , 

Disjeune, var. DisJuNE, Sc., breakfast. 

i (disdzoi‘n), v. Also 5 des-. [ME. 
des-, distoyne, a. OF. desjoign-, pres. stem of desjoin- 
dre, mod.F. déjotndre = Pr. desjonher, lt. disgiugn- 
ere:—L. disjungére, f. Dis- 4 +jungére to JOIn.] 

1. ¢rvans. To undo the joining of ; to put or keep 
asunder ; to disunite, separate, sunder, part, Sever: 
a. persons, places, things, actions, etc. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 257/4 We wold haue disioyned 
yow and haue drowned yow. 1 — Curiall1, 1am there 
where the places and affayres desioyne vs. 1§14 BarcLay 
Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. xxxii, The smell and 
tasting partly conjoyned be, And part ee 1601 R. 
Jounson Keng. & Commrw. (1603) 212 Deserts and .. 
mountaines disjoyning the provinces. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. 
Mate Wks. (1653) 149 The first Intention. .is performed by 
restoring the bones disjoyned. c 1694 Prior Celia to Damon 
114 Shall neither time, nor age our souls disjoin? 1864 
A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock 134 The two parishes were 
disjoined in 1642. 

absol. 15947. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i, 283 It is the 
nature of this enemy of mankind to scatter, to disioyne and 
separat. a@1683 OtpHam Wks. & Rem. (1686) 122 That 
cruel word for ever must disjoyn, Nor can I hope, but thus, 
to have him mine. 

b. one thing, person, action, etc. (from another). 

1525 Lp. Berners /roiss. II. cc. (R.) They sayde, they 
wolde not disioyne nor disceuer them from the crowne, 1581 
Savite Zacilus’ Hist. u. \wiii. (1591) 87 Spaine being dis- 
ioyned from it [Africa] by a narrow strayte. 160% SHAKS. 
Ful. C. u. i. 18 Th’ abuse of Greatnesse, is, when it dis- 
ioynes Remorse from Power. 1741 Mivpteton Cicero I. 
iv. 271 Our knights are now almost disjoined again from 
the Senate. 1865 M. Arnotp &ss. Crit. ii. (1875) 77 [He] 
never disjoins banter itself from politeness. 

+ 2. To separate into parts or sections; to disjoint. 

1§79 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 367 Although M. Heskins 
hath disioyned this place.,I haue set it down. entire. 1598 
Frorio, Slombare .. to disioyne as a butcher doth a sheepe. 
1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 134 Latine phrases which 
cannot fitly be disjoyned are to be taken together: 

3. To sunder, dissolve, break up (a state or con- 
dition of union) ; to undo, unfasten (a knot or tie). 

1633 Marmion Fine Companion, v, Knots of compliment, 
which the least occasion disjoins. 1643 Mitton Divorce 
viii. (1851) 42 That mariage therfore God himself dis-joyns. 
1695 Biackmore Pr, Arth. u. 70 Their short Embraces 
some rude Shocks disjoyn. 1738 GLover Leonidas v. 617 
All with headlong pace. . Disjoin their order. 

+4. fig. To put out of joint, unhinge. Ods. rare. 

@ 1633 Lennarp tr. Charron's Wisd 1, xvi. § 2 (1670) 62 
Gallus Vibius .. so dislodged and dis-joyned his own judg- 
ment, that he could never settle it again, 

5. intr. (for ref.) To separate or sever oneself 
from a state of union or attachment; to part, be- 
come separate: a. said of two or more. 

1622 Catiis Stat, Sewers (1647) 167 If one of them die, 
that Action shall survive, for though they were joynt in the 
personalty, yet they disjoyned in the realty. 1699 Garru 
Dispens, 1. (1706) 42 So Lines that from their Parallel 
decline, More they advance, the more they still dis-join. 
@ 1713 Extwoop Autobiog. (1765) 268 They, hopeless now.. 
disjoined, and one of them fled the country. 

b. said of one thing parting from another. 

1gs92 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 541 Till breathlesse he disioynd, 
and backward drew. g oe Spec. M. (1670) 90 Being 
of clammy nature, it disjoyneth not, but sticketh fast. 

Hence Disjoi-ning vé/. sb. and Ppl. a. 

1530 Patscr, 214/2 Disjoynyng, disjunction. 1615 G. 
Sanpys 7rav. 21 Two not farre disioyning vallies. a 164: 
W. Cartwricut Lady Errant w. iv, This disjoyning of 
bodies only is to knit your hearts. 1741 A. Monro Anat. 
(ed. 3) 192 They may.. yield to a disjoining Force, 1794 


462 


Sutuvan View Nat. 1. 26 The meeting or disjoining of 
natures. 


Disjoin, obs. f. Dissunz, Sc., breakfast. 
oined, #//. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] Dis- 
united, separated, ed, etc.: see prec. vb. 
1594 Soutuwett M. Magd. Fun. Teares 88 These dis- 
pee eo a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com, Law 
ref. (1636) 4 This delivering of knowledge in distinct and 


-— es. 1790 Pennant London (R.) Wind- 
mill-street consists of disjoined h 

Hence + Disjoi‘nedly adv. Ods., separately, dis- 
junctly. 


1571 Dicces Paxtom. 1, xx. Fivb, If magnitudes 
disioynedly or seperatly be proportionall, Ramiges 4 
or compounded, they shall also bee proportionall. 

T. Spencer Logick 245 Perpetuall life, and death at last, 
are attributed to Saul..neither of them distinctly, but both 
disjoynedly. 

oiner. vare. [f.as prec.+-ER1.] One 
who or that which disjoins. 

1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 10 This disjunction of parts 
must be such a disjoyner which mensurates the whole. 

+ Disjoi-nt, sb. Obs. [a. OF. desjointe, dis- 
jointe separation, division, rupture (Godef.) :—L. 
type *dzsyuncta, fem. sb. from disjunctus pa. pple., 
analogous to sbs. in -afa, -ada, -ade, F. -ée: see 
-ADE. This takes the place in part of L. disjunctio.] 
A disjointed or out-of-joint condition ; a position of 
perplexity or difficulty ; a dilemma, ‘fix’. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus ut. 447 (496) What wyght pat 
stont in swych disioynte. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1.v, And 
thus amiddes of ihe of these twaine Of loue and shame 
euen so vpon the poynt Medea stode as tho in great dis- 
joynt. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vil. 309 The which [warre], at 
that tyme, was in suche dhapipites hat he cowde not brynge 
it to any frame. 1553 Douglas’ Aineis xu. xiii. 30 Thou 
mycht quhil now haue cachit at disioynt [MS. 1513 disiunct] 
The sylly Troianis baith be se and land 


+ Disjoint, #//. 2. Obs. [a. OF. desjotnt (:— 
L. disjunct-us), pa. pple. of desjoindre to Disso1n.] 

1. Disjointed, out of joint ; disconnected. 

c1420 Pallad. on Hush. vit. 164 That sensis spille or 
pointe disjoynt be therynne Is not my wille. 1602 SHaks. 
Ham, 1, ii. 20 Thinking by our late pate Brothers death, 
Our State to be disioynt, and out of Frame. a1717 ParNete 
David (Seager), My bones.. Disjoint with anguish. 

In a dilemma, in a difficult position. (Cf. 
DIsJoINnT 56.) 

c 1800 Lancelot 2907 For well 3he se the perell, how dis- 
io{iJnt The adwentur now stondith one the point Boith of 
my lord his honore, and his lond. 

. Disjoined, separated ; separate. 

1589 Ive Forti. 37 Because of it [=its] disioint standing 
from the wall which causeth sharpnes. 1649 MILTon 
Eitkon. iv. (1851) 359 Carrying on a disjoynt and privat 
interest of his own. 1 H. More Myst. Godliness 31 
The disjoint and independent particles of Matter. 

b. quasi-adv. Apart, asunder. 

¢ 1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode u. cx\viii. (1869) 135 The sawe 
is cleped Hayne [hatred]; bi which disioynct is ysawed the 
onhede of bretherhede. 

Disjoint (disdzoint), v. Also 6-7 -ioinct 
[orig. f. Dissornr Af/. a. (cf. -aTE 3); but in some 
uses treated asf. Jornt sb.] 

1. trans. To put out of joint; to disturb, destroy 
the due connexion and orderly arrangement of ; to 
dislocate, wrench, dismember. (Cf. D1sJoinT a. 1.) 

¢ Pallad. on Husb, 1. 873 Thi wortes that the wermes 
not disyoint [destruant]. 1541 R. Copcanp Guydon's Quest. 
Chirurg., Vpon the rybbes & lyke bones for to reduce and 
retourne them in to theyr places, whan they are broken or 
dysioynted, 1605 Campen Kem. (1637) 72 Giles, is miser- 
ably disjoynted from A®gidius, as Gillet from A®gidia, by 
the Fisnch: 1648 SANDERSON Serm. II, 226 If our spirits 
.. be shattered and dis-joynted, through distrust in God. 
1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 347 Selfishness .. disjpints the 
whole frame of society. a@ 1862 Buckie Civils. (1869) III. 
vy. 377 The framework of affairs would be disjointed. 
+b. fig. To distract. Oés. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Meere Formall Man (Arb.) 30 
He is not disiointed with other Meditations. _ 

ec. fig. To throw the parts (of anything) out of 
orderly connexion ; to dislocate. 

1638 Cuiiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. vi. § 44. 364 Your dis- 
course upon this point, you have .. disjoynted, and given 
us the grounds of it in the begining of the Chapter, and 
the superstructure .. in the end. 1770 Gisnon Misc. Wks. 
(1814) IV. 504 It is .. disagreeable ..to observe a lyric 
writer of taste ,. disjointing the order of his ideas. 1834 
H. N. Cotrrince Grk. Poets (ed. 2) 55 Their collocation 
having. bese disjointed by time, 

2. To disjoin, disunite. 

1583 STanynurst Aeneis 11. (Arb) 83 The sea .. rusht in 
.. Italye disioyncting with short streicts from Sicil Island, 
160r Br, W. Bartow Defence 126 The elect members of 
Christ can never be disjointed from him. 1650 Futter 
Pisgah u. vii. 164 Except .. some part of Asher lay south. 
ward at distance, dis-jointed from the main body of that 
Tribe. 1759 Hist. in Ann, Reg. pe According as it is 
possessed by the English or the French, [it] connects or 
disjoints the colonies of Canada and Louisiana. 1775 T. 
oe Let, Writ. 1892 1. 484 Great Britain, disjointed 
rom her colonies. 1851 Rosertson Ser, Ser, 1, xi. 134 
Unite these all and then you have the Reformation .. 
joint them and then you have some miserable sect. 

3. To separate joint from joint; to take in pieces 
at the joints. 

1587 Harmar Beza's Serm, 384 (T.) As for his coach..he 
would not only have it tobe unharnissed as I said. . but also 
unpinned, disjointed, and pulled asunder. reer 
Poems (1864) 44 Like wat by-unskilfull men Disjoynted, 


- DISJUNCT. 


and set ill againe. Lytron Exgene A. 1. ix, cor- 
absol. eps Oraen Start. Ho. ara A ered Caer ae 
up, disjoints, uncases 

4. intr. (for refl.) To be disjointed; to suffer 
dislocation ; to go out of joint ; to come in pieces. 
1605 Suaxs. Macé. 11. ii. 16 Let the frame of things dis- 
joynt. 1888 Harper's Mag. Apr. 74% A hundred é 

L Modieatt ison eenlee oat ches weg of 
things distor + 303 lena has 


1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 1 aijoyntng 
of the bones. 41715 Burnet Own Time (1823) 3. $46 — 


jointing of the mortar. 
oimnted, ppl.a. [f. prec. +-ED 1. 


1. Separated joint from joint; disj > - 
ated ; disconnected. 

a 1643 G. Sanpys ¥ob 45 (T.) Be .. their disjointed bones 
to powder gi d Contempl. State of Man 1. vi. 
(1699) 69 Consider. .the disjoynted disposition of the Bones. 
1700 Drypen Fables, Ceyx § Alcyone 27, 1 saw a-drift dis- 
jointed planks. 1726 Leoni Adberti’s Archit. I. 12/1 Dis- 

y d and unfinished Memb 1767 Brac Comm. 
UL. 379 That the construction be made upon the entire 
deed, and not merely upon disjointed parts of it. 1840 
F. D. Bensetr Whaling Voy. Il. 191 Some of these 
[casks] are kept in a disjointed state .. ready to be put 
together. Hatt Caine Deemster xxxvii. 247 A little 
disjointed gipsy encampment of mud-built tents. 

2. Consisting of separated or ill-connected parts; 
disconnected. 

1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr. m1. (1682) 96 A dis-joynted 
People, not under any setled form of Government. 1 
Rosertson Chas. V. 11. x. 258 He felt already .. that he 
was the head of a disjointed body. 1838 THixtwatt Greece 
II. 188 The huge frame of the Persian empire was disjointed 
and unwieldy. 

3. Of words or a discourse: Without proper con- 
nexion or sequence ; disconnected ; incoherent. 

a 1586 Sipnxy (J.', The constancy of your wit was not 
wont to bring forth such disjointed speeches. 1614 JACKSON 
Creed 1. [v] 30 Vpon such broken disioincted surmises. 
1817 Eart or Duptey Lett. 3 June (1840) 169 His argument 
.. seems loose and disjointed. 1843 Lever ¥. Hinton xiii, 
Our conversation dropped into b disjointed 

Hence Disjoi‘ntedly adv., Disjoi-ntedness. 

1654 Lp. Orrery Parthenissa (1676) 505 The disorders and 
disjointed of his di: se. 1749 Phil. Trans. XLVI. 
134 You remark in all their Actions .. a Disjointedness. 
5 Ruskin Fors Clav. xi. 19, 1 must pass, disjointedly, 
to matters, which, in a written letter, would have been 
put in a postscript. Mark Twain (Clemens) /#noc. 
Abr, xii. 85 We talked disjointedly. 

Disjoi-ntly, av. [f. Dissornt a. +-1¥,] 

1. Separately, asunder, apart; disjunctly: opp. 
to conjotntly. 

M. Sannys Prudence 6 (T.) When they are perfect, 
then are they joined ; but, disjointly, no way can they be 
eat oa 1880 Muirneap Gaius u. § 199 If the same thing 

legated by vindication to two or more pees, whether 
conjointly or disjointly, they take each a s! 

2. Disjointedly, Seenecanr: rare. 

r6ar Haxewitt King Davids Vow Aija, Discourses which 
were delivered disiointly and by pe | t Argosy 
Jan. 10 ‘ Let it come out—she can’t shoot me,’ disjointly 


muttered Mr, Arthur. 
isjointure. [f. Dissornt v. + -URE, after 

Jointure. Cf. OF. desjointure (in Godef.).] The 
state of being disjointed ; disconnexion, separation. 

1757 Conway Left. in Fraser's Mag. (1850) XLI. 424 
There is more disjointure to our affairs. .than any coalition 
of our ministers can retrieve. 1879 Tourcre Fool's Err. 
xix. 104 The disjointure of opinion between them and the 
Yankee schoolmarms was all b the latter wanted to 
measure them by Northern ideas of these virtues. 

Disjone, -joon, obs. ff. Dissunx, Sc., breakfast. 

+ Disjou'rn, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 1 +stem of 
adjourn.) trans. To put off from the day ap- 

inted, 

1642 Str W. Brereton in 13th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 

App. i. 51 If this meeting had not unhappily disjourned 
disappointed by some of the Deputy Lieutenants. /did. 

52 Whereof vdge, nag sont ot them disj i } 

+ Disjudge, v. Ods. [f. Dis- + Jup@x. 
To deprive of or remove from the office of — 

zee [ses Disyustice}. 1658 State Trials, Dr. F. Hewet 
(R.) Al peached of high- 


the rest of the Judges .. were .. im i 


treason, disjudg’d and put to fines and ransoms. 
(Disjudication, error for Diyupication, See 
List of Spurious Words.) 
+ Di'sjugate, v. Obs. rare—°. 
1656 BLount Glossogr., Disjugate, to di , part, sever. 
+ unet, Sc. Latinized form of Dissornt sé. 


1513 Dovctas 42neis xu. xiii. 30 [See Disjoner sé.]}. 

Digjenct (disdgv'nkt), a. [ad. L. dé'sjunct-us 
pa. pple, of disjungére to disjoin. Cf, Dissomnta. 

1. Disjoined, disconnected, separated, separate, 
distinct; + distant. (Now rare exc. in technical 
senses: see also ee iad ae ex 

N Lent Fa 

Nertich nit is ‘inn Se ae "662 GLanviLt 
Lux Orient. vii. (R.) The divine .. freedome consists not 
in his acting by meer arbitrarious will, as disjunct from his 
other attributes. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 356/2 The 
Side Rest is a Rest disjunct from the Lathe, 1774 M. 
Mackenzie Maritime Surv. p. xvi, A Disjunct Survey is, 


DISJUNCTED. 


when. the Harbours, Bays, or Islands .. are each surveyed 
separately in a geometrical Manner. 1817 N. Drake Shaks. 
I. 56, 3 quatrains with 2 verses of immediate, interposed 
between 2 verses of disjunct rhime, and a terminating couplet. 
1890 J. H. Stirtinc Philos. & Theol. iv, 60 That congeries 
of externalities, mere disjunct atoms, 

b. Zutom. Having the head, thorax, and abdo- 
men separated by deep incisions. 

+2. Math. (Opp. to Consuncr a. 5): =Dis- 
CONTINUOUS, 

Disjunct proportion: a proportion in which the second 
and third terms have not the same ratio (or difference) as 
the first and second, or the third and fourth, Ods. 

Biunpevit Z-rerc. 1. xviii. 42 Disiunct proportion 
Geometricall .. is when there is not like proportion betwixt 
the second and the third, that is betwixt the first and the 
second, or betwixt the third and the fourth, as 3, 6, 4, 8. 

Mortey /xtrod. Mus, Annot. 1706 [see Discrete 2b]. 

Mus. (Opp. to Congunct a. 6.) 

D. tetrachords, tetrachords separated by an interval of 
atone. D, motion, motion by intervals exceeding a degree 
of the scale.. 

1694 W. Hotper Harmony (1731) 97 Tetrachords .. were 
either Conjunct, when they began the Second Tetrachord 
at the Fourth Chord .. Or else the two Tetrachords were 
disjunct, the second taking its beginning at the Fifth Chord, 
there being always a Tone Major between the Fourth and 
Fifth Chords. 1774 Burney Hist. Mus. (1789) I. i. 54 
When the modulation passed from a conjunct to a disjunct 
tetrachord. 1879 Rockstro in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 88 He 
[Biordi] has sect the diminished fourth in disjunct motion. 

4. Logic, etc. +a, =DIssuNcTIVE a. 2. Obs. 
b. =DiscreteE a. 1d. ¢. Applied to the several 
alternative members of a disjunctive proposition. 

1608-11 Br. Hatt Z/ist. 1. iii, Gregory the Third, writing 
to the Bishops of Bauaria, gives this disjunct charge: ‘ Let 
none keepe an harlot or a concubine; but either let him 
liue chastely, or marry a wife.’ 1628 T. Spencer Logick 
300 A compound Syllogisme is then disiunct, when the pro- 
position thereof is a disiunct axiome. 1656 STANLEY //ist. 
Philos. Vii. (1701) 312/1 A disjunct axiom is that which is 
disjoyned, by a disjunctive conjunction ; as, either it is day, 
or it is night. 1837-8 Sir W. Hamicton Lagic xii. (1860) 
I. 224 Notions co-ordinated in the quantity or whole of 
extension .. are only relatively different (or diverse); and 
in logical language, are properly called Disjunct or Discrete 
Notions, (notiones dijunctz, discretz). 1864 BowEN Logic 
vii. 218 The Subsumption is a Disjunctive of which these 
several Antecedents are the Disjunct Members. 

+ Disju‘ncted, #//.a. Ods. [f. as prec. + 
-ED.] Disjoined, disconnected. 

a 1650 May Satir. Puppy (1657) 40 Farewell Poetry; thou 
trim Composer of disjuncted Sense. 

Disjunction (dis\dgankfon). [a. OF. dzsjenc- 
tion (13th c. in Godef.), or ad. L. disjunction-em 
separation, n. of action f. disjungére to DisJoIN.] 

1. The action of disjoining or condition of being 
disjoined ; separation, disconnexion, disunion. (The 
opposite of CoNJUNCTION 1.) 

Disjunction certificate, one given to a church member 
when he leaves to join another church. (Scotland.) 

1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 322 Pe firste boon of be necke. . 
disiunccioun of pat boon wole sle a man anoon. c¢1430 
Lyne. Bochas v. xiv. (1554) 132a, To make a disiunction 
Betwene these landes. 1580 SIDNEY Arcadia Iv. (r590) 430 
When they made the greevous disjunction of their long 
combination. 1653 H. More Asp. Axntid. (1662) 184 
Death being .. isjunction of the Soul from the Body. 
1798 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 51 A total disjunction .. between 
the respective concerns of the church and the state. 1852 
Dana Crust. 11. 1124 The frequent disjunction and remote- 
ness of the two superior [eyes]. 1864 A. McKay Hist. 
Kilmarnock 131 After the disjunction of the new parish. 

2. Logic, etc. The relation of the several terms 
of a disjunctive proposition ; hence, a disjunctive 
proposition or statement ; an alternative. 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. u. vii. 95 b, If the disjunction 
or separation bee true absolutely. .without any thirde thing 
put betweene, then the whole axiome is true and necessary. 
1630 RaNnDoLpH A ey ood Wks. (1875) 7 Hippathi, hip- 
pathi, aut disce, aut discede incontinenter—a very good 
disjunction. 1653 H. More Axtid. Ath. 1. iv. (1712) 15 If 
you make choice of the other Member of the Disjunction. 
1794 Patey Evid. 1. iii. (1817) 56, 1 am entitled to contend 
that one side or other of the followitig disjunction is true. 
1864 Bowen Logic vii. 219 The nature of a Disjunction is, 
that any one of the Disjunct Members exists, or is posited, 
only by the non-existence, or sublation, of all the others, 

ence Disju‘nctionist, one who leaves a church 
in order to form a new congregation. 

1872 J. S. Jeans Western Worthies 735 Dr. Buchanan 
should accompany the disj ionists to the new church. 

Disjunctive (dis\dzonktiv), a. and sb. [ad. 
L, disjunctivus, f. disjunct-us Dissunct, DisJoInt: 
see -IVE. Cf. F. disyonctif (desjointif in 13th c.).] 

adj 


A. adj. 

1, Having the property of disjoining or discon- 
necting; characterized by or involving disjunction 
or separation. 

1s7o Levins Manip. 153/31 Disiunctiue, disiunctiuus. 
1658 7 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 83 Since the original 
Law did not admit of a Mediator, as not being Disjunctive. 
I Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) I. 371 The disjunctive 
c ters..in the description of the original species. 1813 
J. Tuomson Lect. /nflam. 367, 3dly, In the separation 
of dead or mortified parts from those which retain their 
vitality. .to distinguish this from the other modes of morbid 
absorption, it might be termed the disjunctive, 

b. Sevens to joining or uniting. 
-@1711 Grew (J.), Such principles, whose atoms are of that 
disjunctive nature, as not to be united in a sufficient number 
to make a visible mass, 


463 


2. Logic, etc. Involving a choice between two 
(or more) things or statements ; alternative. 

Disjunctive proposition, a proposition in which it is as- 
serted that one or other of two (or more) statements is true. 
Disjunctive syllogism, a syllogism in which the major 
premiss is disjunctive, and the inference depends on the 
alternation of its terms: sometimes loosely extended to any 
syllogism containing a disjunctive premiss. 

1584 Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 39 This section begin- 
neth with a disiunctive Sillogisme. @1628 Preston New 


, Covt. (1630) 542 A disiunctive proposition is true .. if either 


part be true. 1725 Watts Logic 11. ii. § 5 A disjunctive 
syllogism is when the major proposition is disjunctive : as, 
the earth moves in a circle or an ellipsis; but it does not 
move in a circle; therefore it moves in an ellipsis. 1847 
Grote Greece 1. lii. (1862) 1V. 445 His promise was dis- 
junctive—that they should be either so brought home, or 
slain. 1887 FowLer Deductive Logic . v. 113 If [two 
propositions or sets of propositions] be dissociated, so that 
the truth of one depends on the falsity of the other, and 
the falsity of one on the truth of the other, the complex 
proposition may be called Disjunctive. /ééd. 116 A Dis- 
Junctive Syllogism is a syllogism of which the major pre- 
miss is a disjunctive, and the minor a simple proposition, 
the latter affirming or denying one of the alternatives stated 
in the former. 1891 WELTON Logic I. i. 209, 210 margin, 
Logicians differ as to whether or not the disjunctive form 
necessitates the mutual exclusiveness of the alternative predi- 
cates., When the alternatives are not incompatible they are 
not exclusive. Exclusion is not, therefore, due to the dis- 
junctive form of proposition. ; 

3. Gram. Applied to conjunctions that express 
an alternative or imply some kind of adversative 
relation between the clauses which they grammati- 
cally connect. 

With the earlier grammarians the division of Conjunctions 
into Copulative and Disjunctive was made a main one. 
It is, however, of grammatical importance (see quot. 1824) 
only in the Coordinative Conjunctions, of which axd is 
Copulative, while the Alternative ov, zor, and the Adversa- 
tive dut, yet, are Disjunctive. Of the Susordinative Con- 
junctions, the Causal dest, the Hypothetical zx/ess, and the 
Concessive a/though, are also disjunctive in sense; but in 
their grammatical use these do not differ from the Copulative 
that, if, because, as, since. 

1628 ‘I’. Spencer Logick 244 That axiome is disiunct, whose 
band isa disiunctiue Coniunction. 1751 Harris //ermes Wks. 
(1841) 189 Now we come to the disjunctive conjunctions, a 
species of words which bear this contradictory name, because, 
while they disjoin the sense, they conjoin the sentences. 
1776 Camppett Philos. Rhet. I. ut. v. § x Both the last 
mentioned orders [Adversative and Exceptive Conjunc- 
tions] are comprehended under the general name disjunctive. 
1824 L. Murray Lng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 229 ‘he conjunction 
disjunctive has an @ffect contrary to that of the conjunction 
copulative ; for as the verb, noun, or pronoun, is referred 
to the preceding terms taken separately, it must be in the 
singular number : as, ‘ Ignorance or negligence has caused 
this mistake’. 

In French Grammar, sometimes applied to the ‘adirect 
nominative (and objective) case of the personal pronouns 
(moi, tot, dut, eu.c) as distinguished from the direct nomina- 
tive (je, ¢2, 22, i/s', called in this nomenclature conjunctive. 

4. Math, (See quot.) 

1853 Sytvester in Phil, Trans. CXLIII. 1. 544 A dis- 
junctive equation is a relation between two sets of quantities 
such that each one of either set is equal according to some 
unspecified order of connexion with one of the other set. 

. 50. 

1. a. Logic. A disjunctive proposition: see A. 2. 
Hence generally, b. A statement or condition of 
affairs involving a choice between two or more 
statements or courses ; an alternative. e@. Phr. 
the disjunctive: in an alternative form or sense ; 
disjunctively. (Cf. AF. ev disjointe, par disjointe, 
Britton II. 354, 358.) 

1533, More Dedell. Salem Wks. 943/1 To the verity of 
a disiunctiue, it suffiseth any one part to be tru. 1569 
Asp. Parker Corr, (1853) 352 The words of the Injunction 
(which were once a disjunctive, but by the printer made a 
copulative [ov being changed to and)). 1614 Bacon To the 
King 7 Feb. (R.), Your Majesty .. very wisely put in a dis- 
junctive, that the judges should deliver an opinion privately, 
either to my Lord Chancellor, or to ourselves. 1725 Watts 
Logic u. ii. § 6 The Truth of Disjunctives depends on the 

y and i diate Opposition of the Parts. 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 105 ‘he clause was to be construed 
in the disjunctive; viz. either by will, codicil, &c., or by 
wey eee before three witnesses. 1864 Bowen Logic 
v. 131 Disjunctives are reduced ., to as many Categoricals 
as there are disjunct members of the Predicate. Thus,—A 
is either B or C= 

{ All those A which are not B are C, and 
All those 4 which are not C are B. 

2. Gram. A disjunctive conjunction: see A. 3. 

1530 Patscr. 148 Some [conjunctions] be disjunctives. 
1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 138 b, In such woordes where 
the heire demaundeth the heritage or mariage of his mother, 
this worde [‘or’] is a disjunctive. 175: Harris Hermes u1. 
ii, Wks. (1841) 187 The conjunction 0”, though it join the 
sentences, yet, as to their respective meanings, is a perfect 
disjunctive, 1824 L. Murray £ng.Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 229 When 
a disjunctive occurs between a singular noun..and a plural 
one, the verb is made to agree with the plural noun .. as, 
‘ Neither poverty nor riches were injurious to him’. 

+ 3. One who favours disjunction ; a separatist. 

1602 Warner AJ), Eng. xu. Ixxii. (1612) 299 Disiunctiues, 
who. .lesse loue their Prince than Pope. 

+4. pl. Disjoined or disconnected things. Ods. 

1627-77 FectHam Resolves u1. iv. 167 God himself is Truth; 
and never meant to make the Heart and Tongue disjunctives. 

Disju'nctively, adv. [f. prec. + -ty*.] In 
a disjunctive manner or sense; separately ; alter- 
natively ; adversatively ; not in combination. 

1590 SWINBURNE Test ts 182 Although the 


DISK. 


bee appointed alternatiuely, or disiunctiuely .. both the 
persons are to bee admitted executors. 1624 Fiswer in 
F. White Reply to Fisher 494 Except you eate and drinke, 
is to be vnderstood disiunctiuely, Except you eate the 
flesh or drinke the bloud. 1768-74 Tucker L?. Nat. (1852) 
I. 65, I cannot answer the question so generally proposed, 
but must give my opinion disjunctively. 1824 L. Murray 
Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 227 When singular pronouns .. are 
disjunctively connected, the verb must agree with that 
aie which is placed nearest to it: as, ‘I or thou art to 

lame’. 1891 WELTON Logic iv. v. 447 [In a Dilemma] the 
major [premise] contains a plurality either of antecedents 
or of consequents, which are either disjunctively affirmed, 
or disjunctively denied, in the minor. 

+ Disjunctly, av. [f. Dissuncr a.+-Ly 2.] 
Disconnectedly, separately, as disjoined. Oés. 

1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl. Introd. iii. 52 Christ speaks .. 
of bearing witnesse to himself disjunctly and solely without 
the Father. 1650 Baxter Saints’ R. 1. ii. § 3 If considered 
dis-junctly by themselves. 1706 [see DiscrETELy). 

Disju‘ncture. fad. med.L. disjunctiira, f. 
disjungére, disgunct-: cf. OF. desjointure, -joinc- 
ture (Godef.), and JuNcTURE.] 

1. The fact of disjoining or condition of being 
disjoined ; disjunction ; separation, breach. 

cxg00 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 63 Panne brynge togidere be 
brynkis [in a wound] eiber be disiuncture. 1611 Fiorio 
Discontinuita, a disiuncture. 1639 Worron in Xelig. 
477. (R.) The departure of my.. on neice, your long, 
and I dare say, your stil beloved consort... as well 
appeareth by your many tender expressions of that disjunc- 
ture. a1679 T. Goopwin IWVks. LL. 1v. 347 (R.) Those 
bruises, disjunctures, or brokenness of bones. 

Jig. A juncture or condition of affairs involv- 
ing disunion; a perplexed or disjointed state of 
things. (Cf. Dissornt sé.) 

1683 Cave Lcclesiastici 225 Basil..was at a loss, how 
to behave himself in this dis-juncture of Affairs. 1830 £r- 
aminer 260/2 At this juncture, or rather disjuncture, the 
contested demesnes are purchased. 1865 CARLYLE Fredh. 
Gt. VILL. xix. viii, 268 Friedrich .. foresaw, in case of such 
disjunctures in Italy, good likelihood of quarrel there. 

Disjune (disdzzn), sb. Chiefly Sc., arch. 
Forms: 5-7 disione, 6 desiune, disjoin, -joyn, 
dischone, 7 disjoon, 6-9 disjune, 9 disjeune. 
[a. OF. desjen, -jerin (mod.F. dial. déjan), f. des- 
juner, jetliner (mod.F. adéjeiner) to break fast, 
breakfast, f. des-, dé (De- 1. 6) + jetin :—L. jojiin- 
us fasting.] 

The first meal of the day; break fast. 

1491 St. Giles Charters (185) p. xx, And than to pas to 
their disione. 1549 Comp/. Scot. vi. 43 Eftir there disiune, 
tha began to talk of grit myrrynes. ¢1565 Linpesay (Pit- 
scottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 140 That he might go to his bed 
the sooner, and have his disjoin ready by four hours. 1589 
[see DejEuNE]. 1599 NasHEe Lenten Stuffe in Hard. Misc. 
(1808-12) VI. 168 (D.) For a disjune or morning breakfast. 
1600 in A. Bisset Ess. Hist. Truth vy. (1871) 203 This 
deponer desired Maister Alexander to dischone with him. 
1603 PAilotus xx, And bid your page in haist prepair, For 
your disjone sum daintie fair. 1706 in Watson Coélect. 1. 
54, I trow ye cry for your disjoon. 1816 Scott O. Mort. iii, 
King Charles, when he took his disjune at Tillietudlem. 
1827 Tennant Pafistry Storm'’d 51 Tak’ your disjeunes 
afore you gang! 1847 De Quincey Was. (1863) XIII. 110. 

+ Disjune, v. Sc. Ods. [a. OF. desjuner: see 
prec. sb.] zr. To breakfast. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) I. p. lv, Thay disjunit 
airly in the morning. 

+ Disjungible, 2. Ods. [f. L. disjung-tre to 
DIsJoIN + -IBLE.] Capable of being disjoined or 
separated. 

1676 H. More Remarks 70 More easily disjungible than 
Air it self. 

+ Disjust, v. Obs. rare—°. = Disapgust. 

1611 Cotcr., Desruner, to disorder, disiust, peruert. 

+ Disjustice, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7 b+ Justice] 
To deprive of the office of Justice of the Peace. 

1603 in 14th Rep. Hist. MSS.Comm. App. viii. 79 To dis- 
justice..Mr. Edw. Dynnys. 31621 Crt. & 7 isnes Fas. I (1849) 
II. 233 He is disjusticed, and made incapable of holding any 
office hereafter, 1649 PrynNne Vind. Liber'y Engl. 10 To 
dis-judge, dis-justice or dis-committee their fellow Judges, 
Justices and Committee-men. 

Disk, disc (disk). [ad. L. dzsc-as, a. Gr. dion- 
os quoit, dish, disk: cf. F. drsgue, (1556). 

The earlier and better spelling is disk, but there is a ten- 
dency to use dsc in some scientific senses (not in the 
botanical, 5 a, b).] E . ; 

1. The Discus or quoit used in ancient Greek 
and Roman athletic exercises; the game played 
with this. Ods. exc. Hist. (Cf. Disu sé. II.) 

1715-20 Pore //iad 1. 941 In empty air their sportive 
jav'lins throw, Or whirl the disk. 1727-5r CuamBers Cycd., 
Disc or Disk, Discus, in antiquity, a kind of round quoit.. 
about a foot over, used by the antients in their exercises. 
1728 Newton Chronol. Amended 36 The Disc was one of 
athe five games called the Quinquertium. 179x CowPER 
Iliad u. 948 His soldiers hurled the disk or bent the bow. 
1835 Tuirtwatt Greece I. viii. 329 He could run, leap, 
wrestle, hurl the disk. 1876 DowpEN Poems 67 In manage 
of the steed Or shooting the swift disc. : 

2. A thin circular plate of any material. 

1803 Med. ¥rni. X. 26 Volta constructed a pile made u 
of disks of different metals with layers of cloth interposed. 
1827 Farapay Chem, Manip. xxiii. 568 Clipping fragments 
of plate glass into circular discs. — Lussock Preh, 
Times vi. (1878) 283 A small oval disk of white sandstone. 
1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. § 224 The shield [is] a disk of 
leather, iron fronted. 1881 Greener Gun 198 Allowing the 
breech-ends to rise clear of the discs. 


DISK. 


+b. Used fest, of a shield. 
179t Cowrer //fad xi, 528 Ulysses’ oval disk he smote. 
Through his bright disk the stormy weapon flew. 

¢. sfec. In ancient armour, a plate of metal 
used to protect the body at certain joints of the 
armour; a roundel. 

3. Anything resembling a circular plate. 
a@xzir Grew fy, The crystal of the eye, which in a fish 
is a ball, in any land animal is a disk or bowl. 1860 Maury 
Phys, Geog. Sea iv. § 265 About the Arctic disc, therefore, 
there should be a whirl. 1865 Grore Plate 11, xxiii. 169 
Whether the earth was a disk or a sphere. 1872 C. Kine 
Mountain, Sierra Nev. xi. 236 The whole great disc of 
world outspread. 1878 Huxiey Physiogr. xvi. 267 Multi- 
tudes of very minute saucer-shaped disks. 

4. spec. The (apparently flat) surface or ‘ face’ 
of the sun, the moon, or a planet, as it appears to 
the eye. 

1664 Phil. Trans. 1. 3 He hath.. at length seen them 
emerge out of his Disk. 1714 Dernam Asfro-Theol. v. iv. 
(1726) 130 Jupiter .. hath manifestly .. his Belts and Spots, 
darker than the rest of his Disk. 1 W. Hirst in PAs. 
Trans, Abr. XU 639 (¢2¢/e) Of several Phenomena observed 
during the Ingress of Venus into the Solar Disc. 1 
Goowin Engutrer u. xi. ie The spots discoverable in the 
disk of the sun. 1834 Mars. Somervitte Connect. Phys. 
Se. iv. (1849) 34 The eclipses [of the satellites) take place 
close to the disc of Jupiter. 1893 Sir R. Batt Story 
Sola 39 Mars at the time..shows a large and brilliant 

isk. 


b. ¢ransf. Any round luminous (or coloured) 
flat surface; the surface of a flame or the like. 

1758 Reto tr. Macguer's Chym. 1. 315 The surface of the 
Lead appearing .. bright and shining like a luminous disc. 
1855 Loncr. //faw, vit, 101 [The sun-fish] Slowly rising 
through the water, Lifting his great disc of whiteness 
[v. v7. disk refulgent). c1860 Farapay Forces Nat. 180 
(Electric Light) If you look at the disc of light thrown 
by the apparatus. 1878 Huxtry PAysiegr. xxi. 359 It 
presents the appearance of a luminous disc. 1881 Daily 
Zed. 28 Jan., So long as the position of the disk which he 
is legally obliged to affix somewhere upon the vessel's side 
is left to the discretion of the owner. 

5. Aot, A round and flattened part in a plant. 
spec. a. A collection of tubular florets in the flower- 
head ef Composite, formiag either the whole head 
(as in the tansy), or the central part of it, as dis- 
tinguished from the ray (as in the daisy). b. An 
enlargement of the torus or receptacle of a flower, 
below or around the pistil. (In these senses always 
spelt a7sk.) 

ec. A disk-shaped marking or ‘ bordered pit’ in the wood- 
cells of Gymnosperms, etc. G. One of the disk-shaped 
adhesive bodies formed on the tendrils of the Virginia 
creeper and other plants. @. The flat surface of a leaf, etc., 
as distinguished from the margin. f. ‘The disk-shaped 
hymenium of a discomycetous fungus; = Discocarr 4). 

{2706 Puittipes (ed. Kersey), Among Herbalists, Discus. . 
the middle, plain, and flat part of some Flowers; because 
its Figure resembles the ancient Discus.) 1727 BaiLey 
vol. I1., Disk, with Florists, is a Body of Florets collected 
together, and forming as it were a plain Surface. 1794 
Martyn Roxssean's Bot. vi. 65 In the radiate flowers the 
disk is often of one colour and the ray of another. 1807 
J. E. Smivn Phys. Bot. 454 Polygamia frustranea, florets 
of the disk .. perfect or united; those of the margin neuter, 
or destitute of pistils as well as of stamens. 1830 LinpLey 
Nat, Syst, Bot, Introd, 29 Immediately between the stamens 
and the ovarium is sometimes found a fleshy ring or fleshy 
glands called a Disk, and supposed .. to represent an inner 
row of imperfectly developed stamens. 1870 Hooker Stud. 
Flora 347 Conifere .. wood-cells studded with disks. 1874 
Ouiver Elem, Bot, uw. 195 In Daisy .. the inner florets are 
much smaller, regular, tubular, and yellow, constituting the 
disk. 1875 Darwin /usectiv. Pl. x. 246 Vhe four leaves .. 
with their tentacles pointing .. to the two little masses of 
the phosphate on their discs. 1875 Bennetr & Dyer tr. 
Sachs’ Bot, ui. iv, 78a Some tendrils, strikingly those of 
the Virginian creeper and Bignonia capreolata, have the 
+. power of developing broad discs at the end of their 
branches .. which attach themselves like cupping glasses 
to rough surfaces. 

6. Zool. A roundish flattened part or structure in 
an animal body. sec. a. In the animals formerly 
grouped as Aadiata (Echinoderms, Ccelenterates, 
etc.) : The central rounded and flattened part con- 
taining the oral opening and usually surrounded by 
rays, tentacles, or arms: from its resemblance to the 
disk and rays of a composite flower. 

b. The set of feathers surrounding the eye of an owl. 
ce. The part of a bivalve shell between the margin and the 
umbo. d. The most elevated portion of the thorax or 
elytra of an insect; the central portion of the wing. e. The 
flat locomotive organ or ‘ foot’ of a gastropod. 

1761 Garrtner in PA, Trans. LIL. 82 Out of the top 
rae or the disk of the polype, grow the feelers. 1834 
¢Murrrizt Cur, Anime, Kinga. 272 of them. .expa: 
into a disk comparable to that of a flower or of an Actinia. 
1847 Carpenter Zool, § 1015 In ti Cohies we find a 
more distinct central disk. .it is furni with arms, /did. 
§ 1013 In others the disk seems almost absent, the animal 


being, as it were, all rays. 1855 Gosse Marine Zool. 1. 41 
Acalepha. in form of a circular disk, more or 


convex and umbrella-like .. moving by alternate contrac- 
tions and expansions of the disk : Discophora [Sea-blubbers, 
ete] Jbid. 63 Comatuda. When adult, free, stemless, with 
simple thread-like jointed di d the dorsal 
disk. 186r J. R. Greene Man, Anim. Kingd., Calent. 
132 The ded Actinéa .. attaching itself by one of its 
flattened ends, known as the ‘base,’ a mouth being placed 
in the centre of the ‘disc," or opposite extremity, 1866 
Tare Brit. Mollusks iii. 46 The foot is a broad flat ex- 
panded disk. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim, Life 707 


464 - 
The mouth in the 7) .. lies in the centre of 
oaecariehen me ae ein hy 
along: Sn exhges., of “RA. $0, SERRE a5.8 ame AE BR 
tac 
7. Anat. Applied to various round flat struc- 
tures: spec. 


ol adiataan verano be he ameaa aemmetes ot tee 
nt verte’ i latte of the 
blood (d/o lar bodies f d 


by an a 


lood-disks). @. One of the flat ci 
by the transverse cleavage of a muscular fibre; called speci- 
fically Bowman's disks, A. Optic disk: the round or oval 
spot where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. Choked disk, 
a diseased condition of this, in which. .the retinal veins are 
distended and tortuous (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

ey <tr & Bowman PAys, Anat. |. 60 Certain particl 

the -discs, which float in it in great numbers. 
Carpenter Anim, Phys. 35 In the b of all the higher 
animals, we also find a vast number of minute discs, some- 
times round, sometimes oval. 1859 Toop Cyc/. Anat. V. 
41/1 Minute emb: scarcely longer than the blood discs 
of the frog. 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. 43 All the 
other vertebra have their centra articulated together by 
fibro-cartilaginous discs. /éid. 5 The crocodiles [have] 
interarticular fibrocartilaginous discs. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. 
s. v., /utermediate disks, the membrane of Krause, separat- 
ing muscle fibre into compartments. 1887 /bid., /uterver- 
tebral discs, lenticular elastic masses interposed between, 
and of the same shape as, the bodies of two adjacent ver- 
tebra: through the spinal column, 

8. attrib. and Comb, a. Of or belonging to a disk, 
as disk-bud, -budding (see 6a), -floret, -flower (see 
5), -/ode. b. Consisting, or having the form, of a 
disk, as désk-micrometer. ¢. Characterized by or 
furnished with a disk or disks, as teas tape L 
-electrometer, -harrow, -signal, -telegraph. . ob- 
jective and obj. genitive, as disk-hearing adj., 
-worship, @. parasynthetic, as disk-shaped adj. 
f. Special combs. disk-armature, an armature 
wound so that its coils lie in the form of a disk ; 
disk-barrow, a flat circular barrow or tumulus ; 
disk-clutch, a form of friction-clutch in which one 
revolving disk acts upon another; disk-dynamo, 
a dynamo furnished with a disk-armature; disk- 
engine, -steam-engine, a type of rotary engine 
in which the steam acts upon a revolving or oscil- 
lating disk; disk-owl, the barn-owl: so called 
from the completeness of the facial disk (see 6 b); 
disk-valve, a valve formed by a circular disk With 
rotatory or reciprocating motion; disk-wheel, a 
kind of worm-wheel in which the spur-gear is driven 
by a spiral thread in the face of the disk. 

1893 A. J. Evans in Folk-/ore Mar. 15 Like the *disk- 
barrows it is surrounded by a ditch and bank. 1870 Bent- 
Ley Bot. 39 “Disc-bearing Woody Tissue is composed of 
those wood cells called ne Wood-cells. 1846 Dana 
Zooph. iv. § 54 The *disk-buds, like the lateral, probably 
proceed from one of the same lamella, /édid. iv. $53 In 
P f th 1 11. Ibid. i I 

disk-budding, a new mouth opens in the disk. 1876 Casa. 
Sct. App. S. Kens. § 1422 Attracted *Disc Electrometer, 
with double micrometer screw. 1833 Mechanics Mag. 
XVIII. 242 One of these half oscillatory, half revolving 
“disc engines. 18§5 /dz¢. LX III. 266 In 1849 disc engines 
.. were employed with great success in the printing office 
of the 7¥mes. 187a Otiver Elem. Bot. 11. 195 In Daisy, 
and many other plants with ray and “disk florets. 1870 
Hooker Stud. Flora 185 Asteroidex ., *Disk-flowers 
asexual, /d/d. 159 Cicuta .. *Disk-lobes depressed, entire. 
1783 Herscuet in PAM. Trans. Abr. XV. 325 (heading) 
A Description of the Dark and Lucid * Disc and Periphery 
Micrometers. 1803 — in PAZ. Trans. XCII1. 214 To remove 
the disk-micrometer, 1 Toop Cyel. Anat. I. 4141 
A *disc-shaped capsule. Engineer 535/1 (Railwa‘ 
signals) ‘he disc, a form in very general use. /d<c. 535 
“Disc signals. 1889 G, Finptay Eng. Railway 69 The disc 
signal is used to indicate to a driver whose train is in a goods 
siding, when he may pass on tothe main line, 1874 Knicut 
Dict. Mech. 1. 708/2 * Disk-telegraph, one in which the letters 
and figures are arranged around a circu'ar plate and are 
brought consecutively to an opening, or otherwise speci- 
fically indicated. 1876 Routtevce Discov. 7 The position 
a ab - poe when a Pee in a, 
the “disc-valve being partly open. . Stuart £gy, 

5 Some Egyptologists assert that Amunoph III abou 

d adopted “disk-worship from his Semitic wife. 

Disked (diskt), a. rare. [f. - + -ED 2.) 
Having or showing a disk. (Chiefly in comb.). 

1864 Lowe.t Fireside Trav. 85 Spectacles .. rising full- 
disked upon the beholder like. .two moons at once. - 

+ Disike'n, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Ken v.] 
trans. ?'To withdraw from notice. In quot. ref. 

¢ 1400 Beryn 20 The Pardonere beheld the besynes, howe 
statis wer L-servid, Diskennyng hym al pryuely, & a syde 
swervid, 

Diskere, obs. form of Discover v. 

+ Dis|kindness. 00s. [D1s- 9.] 

1. Unkindness, unfriendliness. 

1596 Dataymece tr. Lesiie’s Hist. Scot. (1885) 1. 92 Gif - 
discorde or diskyndnes had fallin amang thame. 1709 
Warp tr, Cervantes 121 His Diskindness soon chang’'d into 
a perfect Hatred. 1768-74 Tucker Zé, Nat, (1852) I. 651 
An effect of diskindness, ; 

2. An unkind act, an ill turn: usually in = to 
do (a peek) a diskindness. (Frequent in 18th c.) 

1678 Norris Coll. Misc. (1699) x To do another man a 
diskind merely b he lone me One, serves to no 
es Purpose, 1727 W. Matuer Fug. Afan's Coup. 70 

emember to requite, at least to own Kindnesses, lest thy 
Ingratitude — a iderable Diskind 1768 74 
Tucker Zé. Nat. (1852) 1. 2 He that pulls down his neig 
bour’s house does him a diskindness, ever ii i 


+ 
| To dea of 


m 
tr. Schellen's Spectr. Anal. In the est instruments 
the stars ptt ag Roy * -e 

+ Dis|kni‘ght, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Kyicut v.] ¢rans. To degrade from knighthood. 

1621 [see DisGentiLize). ; 

+ ikno-w, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s- 6.] 
trans, To fail to know or acknowledge. 

Syivester Du Bartas nu. iii, 11. Lawe 851 And when 
He shall (to light thy Sin-full load) Put Manhood on, dis- 
knowe him not for God. 

+ Dis|kno'wledge, v. Os. nonce-wd. [Dis- 
7¢.] trans. To put out of knowledge, make un- 
recognizable, 

1576 Newton Lemnie’s Complex.(1633) 148 All his beauty 
* = .so faded. .his face so les (633) 2 nowledged. 

Diskure, obs. forin of Discover v. 

Disla‘ce, v. rare. [Dis- 7a.] ‘vans. To strip 
or deprive of lace. 

173% Nortn Lives II. 213, I have.. found him very 
busy in picking out the stitches of a dislaced petti 

‘Disla-de, v. Obs. rare. Also 7 Sc. dis- 
ladin. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans. To unlade, unload. 

1609 Heywoop Britaines Troy v. are. 107 #E; 
ried i gallies are dis-laded. bem ty Acts Chas, 1 
(1814) V. 580 (Jam.) With power. .als to in and disladin 
the saidis merchandice and poi, 

lady, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7b. Cf. obs. 
F. desdamer in same sense.] ¢rans- To deprive of 
the title or rank of lady. . 

1630 B. Jonson New /nn ww. iii, Nay, it shall out, since 

nies me wife, And opaly disladied me. rare 
snd, v. Obs. rare. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans. 
and, or of a landed estate. 

16 vARLES Div. Fancies 1. xvii, To ruine Wife, or to 
dis-land an Heir. 


Dislander, dislaunder, var. DiscLanDER Odés. 

+ Dislau'ghter, v. Os. rare. [f. dé- for dis- 

(see Dis- 5) + SLAvGHTER v.] trans. To slaughter. 

1661 Sir A. Haslerig’s Last Will & Test. 3 Our dislaugh- 

tered Complices, who lately sacrificed their active lives with 

undaunted valour to the hands of the common Executioner. 
Vy, var. form of Detavy a. Ods. 

Disla-wyer, v. rave. a 7 bd trans. To 
deprive of the name or standing of a lawyer. 

41734 Nortn Lives (1826) 11. 164 Vilifications Y <0 
He was neither courtier nor lawyer; which his ship 
hearing, he smiled, saying, ‘That they might well make 
him a whoremaster, when they had dislawyered him.” 

Dislea‘f, dislea-ve, v. [f. Dis-7 a+ Lear. 
trans. Tostrip of leaves. Hence Disleaved ffi. 
a., Dislea‘fing vé/. sé. 

1598 Sytvester Du Bartas u. ii. 1. Arke 3 If now the 
Laurel. . be dis-leau'd and vaded. 1655 Harris ef. Silk- 
worm 27 They will now be found in the Woods on the 
dis-leaved trees. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1. 36 A disleafing 
which, as in the vine, ripens and incites the grees. 1840 
CartyLe //eroes i. (1872) 19 Its boughs, with their buddings 
and disleafings. 1854 Lowi. Combetige 30 Y. Ago Prose 
——_ 1. 89 The cank rm that lly disl d 

r ecims. 


+ ‘gue, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 or 7+ 
LeaGus v. or sé.] trans. To dissolve or break off 
a league of, 

1632 Lirncow 7¥ap, vi. 240 When fortune would 
ae she disleagueth conditionall amity, with .. in- 

ratitude, 

“tT Disle‘al, a. Ods. rare. [ad. It. disleale = 
OF. and Pr. desletal. Cs Eee Brag salto 
sae caus To wecake tate oor en ett peat 
‘velment. [f. Dis- 6 + Lever v. + 
-MENT.] The condition of not being levelled; de- 
viation from the level. 

ba | Nature XXVIII. 225 During the measurement of a 
base line . . the rods are not. .accurately levelled, and a cor- 
rection has to be made for dislevelment. 

‘cense, v. rare. [Dis-6 or 7a.) ¢rans. 
To de tee! a anger 
. £. hi 
jae Wen buses ceed 


‘7 The Museum Inn .. and 

islicensed at Brewster Ses- 
‘kable, «. 

Capable of being disliked ; exciting dislike. 

1843 Cartyte Past §& Pr. ut. iv. (1872) 133 One dislikes to 
see a man and duced to proclaim on the ts such 
tidings: but on the whole .. that is not the most dislikable. 
a 1887 Mrs. Norton in L. F: Life Sir A, Panissi 1, 


f, DISLIKE v. + -ABLE.] 


22 A receipt for blotting out all dislikable qualities. 1886 
ke A. Kine Shadowed Life 1. x. 185 Abcut as likeable or 
dislikeable as a machine-made American clock. 


Dislike (disloi‘k), sd. [f. Distixe 2. 

+1. Displeasure, disapproval (as di to some 
object). (Passin g gradually into the mod. sense 2.) 
70 be in dislike with, to be displeased with ; so fo 
come or grow into dislike with. Obs. 
pth thater ber Ma, Daa 
H Could, Trek ia Holinshed Ul 


. 1. Il. 272 To 


soever it were, 


in 
King being 
Boonen Ginetd (ost ho Oe teaabie clovine 


- 


his 


to giue anie answer. 1630 Waps- 
wortH Pu 


This my father hearing, grew into dis- 

lo Mawnicas., 1703 Penn in Pa, Hist. Soc. Mem. 

A letter from the government, in dislike of such 

perdi Youne Mt. 7h, tv. 26 Should any. .give 
yom Full tan range, on just dislike’s unbounded field, 

2. The contrary fecling to liking or affection for 

an object; distaste, aversion, repugnance, (Cf. 


DISLIKE 7. 3.) 
Hooker Eccl, Pol. v. \xv. (1617) UL. 342 As the 
ian age of cegeios life are in request, or 
dislike, according to that they rt, 1644 Dicsy Nat. 
pred us. (164 “¥ 139 [It] is item led with annoy & with 
1 ae Spect, No. 76 ¥ 4 Where Men speak 
Tate tthe strongest Terms, and Dislike in the faintest. 
os oe Inst, Relig. (1782) 1. 56 All vices make men 
to. dislike. Lytton What will he do? 1. xvi, 
We need not show dislike too coarsely. 1878 Jevons Prim. 
Pol. Econ. 9 Now there is a kind of ignorant dislike and 

of political economy. 
D. With @ and g/. A particular aversion. 

1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 465 Away with these weake 
dislikes. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 11. (1677) 175 She 
{the hawk]i is apt to take a dislike, and will never afterwards 
— it willingly. 1885 Manch. Exam, 14 May 5/ Ali 

that the em said about his likes, his dislikes .. care- 


“3 Disagree ment, discord. Obs. 


oP igemgags 1 Hen, IV, y. i. 26, I do protest, I haue not 
sought the day of this dislike, 1606 — 77. & Cr. u. iii, 236 
My Lord, you feede too much on this dislike. & 36a 
Fanrax .), A murmur rose that showed dislike among t 
Christian, 


‘ke, a. Obs. [f. Dis- 10+ Like a. Cf. 
L. dis-similis’] Unlike, dissimilar, not alike. 
1596 Br. Anprewes Ser. I. 82 Two states .. there be 
after death. .disjoined in place, dislike in condition. x 
J. Norpen Progr. Pietie (1847) 174 It is so dislike that 
wedding-garment. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 125 
. said that the body of poser de is composed a 
parts dislike, and accordant verily one with another. 1644 
Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 4 That which wee call a dike 
is not the same ; for in some part it is dislike. 
Dislike (dislaik), v. Also 6 -lyke. § [f. Dis- 
6 + LIKE v.] The opposite of Likr v. (q.v.) in 
its various uses: cf. also MISLIKE. 
41. trans. (Only in 3rd _ pers.) 
annoy, offend. Ods. 
1579 Lyty Euphues iArh) gt If the sacred bands of 
— did ., dislike thee, why diddest thou praise them? 
a Perrix Guaszzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1 586) 77, I see not how 


thinges can dislike you, which commonly like all men. 
Fe Oth. ui. iii. 49 Me do ’t, but it dislikes me. 


To displease, 


Dasien Sonn, liv. (R), Like as the lute delights, or 
else dislikes, As is his heart that plays upon the same. 1667 
Perys Diary (1877) V. 240 Sir WV Pen’s going to sea do 
dislike the Parliament mightily. 1672 Mede's Wks. Life 31 
To do that which may displease or dislike others. 1769 
S. Paterson A nother Trav. 11. 208 If the thing dislikes you, 
use it accordingly. 1814 Sourney Roderick xxv, He drew 
forth The scymitar. .its unaccustom’d shape Disliked him. 
42. intr. To be displeased, offended, or dissatis- 
fied (with); to disapprove (of). Obs. 
c Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 301 God . 
with the divorce, and liked well ot the marriage 
with Queen Katherine. 1 Lamearpe Peramb, Kent 
geo 149 King John disliked much of the choice. 1612 
nsLey Lud, Lit. 18, 1 cannot ons dislike of any thing 
which you haue sayd herein. ALE Contempl. 11. 211 
dislike with your success, come no more among them. 
. trans, Not to like; to regard with aversion ; 
to have an objection to ; to disrelish. (The oppo- 
site of Like v. in its current sense; and so less 
strong than ate, which is the o posite of Jove.) 
1594 pronase 2 may Pol. a e (161 . i) 135 ier] — 
‘such bad dislike. 1596 


an Mov, nie 1 seer: eg Oh choose rohan 
would, nor refuse whom I dislike 


oot s- 


ne 
ait 
a 
anil 
PR Esve 
Hn 
BFE 
Qk 
ait 


I or dislike than dare to condemn. 849 Macav- 
tay Hist. Eng. 1. 177 He ey ae ts the Puritans indeed, but 
in him dislike was a languid feelin, ing, sory | little resembling 
the energetic hatred which burned in the heart of Laud. 
i beamees Pr. Thule oe 36 He disliked losing a few 

at billiards, but not mind losing a few pounds. 
+b. To show or apecee aversion to. Ods. 
sto dk Meas. for M. 1. ii. 18, 1 neuer heard any 
dislike it. 1641 Mitton Reform. 11. eae cad Neer 
death. .t! —_ dislik’d and ens a Ceve- 
-+as 


1. 102 


and detestable. 1667 — 
force of Spirits arm’d That Prats rari his 
ence Disliked //. a. 
» desgousti. MeCase Wor- 


Suerwoop, D 
pra Presbyt. Scot.162A popularly dish episcopacy, 
Disli-keful, ¢. O/s. [f. orks 5b. + -FUL.J 
A Unpleasant, distasteful. b, Characterized by 
dislike or aversion. 


40 Now were it not ..to you 


Sp and a take 00 take, — Stalghrel. 
Wks. To bring them to be one and to =3 
away dislikefull Seen Dea 2 


eee ere sav, But consider ., the dislikelihood 


“piste, ©. Obs. [f. DisuiKe a. + -EN 5, 
after ike, liken’: cf. L. dissimilare, F. dissemblerj 
trans, To make unlike ; to dissemble, 

x6r1 Suaxs. Wint. 7.1. iv. 666 Muffle your face; Dis- 


{ 


465° 


mantle you, and (as you can) disliken The truth of your 
owne seeming, that you may .. to Ship-boord Get vndes- 
ery 


+ Disli- keness. O/s. [f. DISLIKE a. + -NESS, 
or f, Dis- 9 + LikENESS.] Unlikeness, dissimilarity, 

1623 Wovgorrurn Fr. & Lng. Gram, 492 (V.) There is a 
great dislikeness between these things, 1633 Ames -1gst. 
Cerem. \1, 480 Likenesse of intention .. is such us admitteth 
much dislikenesse. 1690 Locks: //um. Und. ww. iv. $5 "Vhat 
which is not design’d to represent any thing but it self, 
can never ,, mislead us from the true Apprehension of any 
thing, by its Dislikeness to it, 

‘ker. [f. Distike 7. + -en!.] 
dislikes or disapproves. 

1586 Hooker Ausw. Travers’ Supplic. Wks. 1617 MI. 1% 
It were hard if .. (they) make themselues to be sgn He dis- 
likers of the present state and proceedings. H. Mont 
Conject, Cably BR 244(T.) An unreconcileable Fi a of their 
vices. 170§ HickeRInciLt, Priest-cr.u. viii. 81 Vhere would 
not have been any Dissenters, or Dislikers of a Moderate 
Church of England. 1832-4 De Quincey Cuvsarvs Wks. X. 
151 Hei is a general disliker of us and of our doings. 

otras vol, sb. [f. Disuikn vy, + -1nG 1] 
‘The action of the verb DIsLikk: aversion, disap- 
proval; dislike ; the contrary of /ié7ng. 

c1ggo in Fisher's Whs. (E. E.'T.S.) I, Not for rd dis 
pleasure or dislykinge of the queens person or age. 1579 
Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 130 Whereby they noted the great 
reas they had of their fulsome feeding. 1588 Marprel ; 

Epist. (Arb.) 24 The good quiet people .. at length grew in 
disliking with their pastor. 1632 Lirucow 77va 48t ‘To 
their great disliking, I was released, 1 C. Noeie Mod. 
Answ. to lmmod, Queries 2'Vhe Author. .cannot at all pa!- 
liate his dislikings with moderate and beseeming word~ 
1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) IN, xxxvi, 210 Our liking- 
and dislikings.. are seldom governed by prudence. 1851 
Ruskin Stones Ven. J, ii, $12 If a man is cold in his likings 
and dislikings. you can make nothing of him. 

Disli- king, ipl.a. [f. as prec. +-ING 2.] That 
dislikes : see the verb. 

+1. Displeasing, disagreeable, distasteful. Ody. 

1596 J. Norpen Progr. Pietie (1347) 62 Vhat I may care- 
fully perform what thou likest, howsoever disliking it be 
unto me, 1636 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. 1. 211 Vhey 
were .. altogether dislikeinge tothe whole Corporacion, 

2. Feeling, or showing, dislike or aversion. 

1592 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 182 Adonis..with a heavy, darl:, 
disliking eye, His louring brows o’erwhelming his fair sight. 
1649 Br. Hari. Cases Consc. 329 Divorces .. to be BONA Y 
given by the disliking thashands to his disple: asing and uli 
quiet wife. 1654 Wiirrock Zootomia 460 Nothing sooner 
striketh Detraction dumbe, than a contemning and disliking 
Deafnesse. 1795 CoLeKipcE Juvenile Poems (1864) = 
Chilled friendship’s dark disliking eye. 

Dislimb (dislim’, v. [Dis- 7 7a.) trans. Yo 
cut off the limbs of; to tear limb from limb; to 
dismember. ence Dislimbed (dislitmd) AA/. a. 

1662 H. More Philos. Writ, Gen. Pref. 1g Not .. unlike 
the raising from the dead the dislimb’d Higalsite 1855 
Sincieron Virgil 1. 386 His body..Could I not have dis- 
limbed, and o’er the waves Have scattered it? 1860 Apis « 
Fauriel’s Prov. Poetry xii. 265 The shoulder of a calf. 
which he dislimbed with the most admirable dexterity. 

Dislimn (dislim),v. [f. Dis- 6+ Limn v.] 

1. “rans. To obliterate the outlines of ‘anything 
limned) ; to efface, blot out. 

1606 Saks. Ant. & Ch. Iv. xiv. 10 Sometime we see a clowd 
that’s Dragonish, A vapour sometime, like a Beare, or Lyon 

: That which is now a Horse, even with a thoght ‘I he Racke 
dislimes, and makes it indistinct As water is in water. 1826 
De Quincey in Blachw. Mag. XX. 738 The flash..of colour- 
able truth, being as frail as the resemblances in clouds, 
would, like them, unmould and ‘dislimn’ itself (to use a 
Shakespearian word). 1851 Txencu Poems gz Till the faint 
currents of the upper air Dislimn it. 1864 C. J. Back in 
Lyra Messianica No. 225 Behold the Man, Time cannot 
change the eternal fact, Dislimn the abiding vision. 

2. intr. (for refl.) To become effaced, to vanish. 

1832-4 De Quincey Casars Wks. 1862 pee ait The noc- 
turnal has d d and vanish 1867 Contemp. 
Rev. WV, 116 The primitive vision coom decomposes, and 
vanishes s away. 

(dislitnk), v [f. Dis- 6 + Link z.] 
trans. To unlink, uncouple, disconnect, disjoin, 
separate (things that are linked). /7¢. and fig. 

1610 Heater St. Aug. Citie of God 312 Being dislinked 
from the love of other beauties. 1621 QuarLes Argalus & 1’. 
(678) 74 Death., Hath now., Dissolv’d your vows, dislink’d 

hat sacred chain, Which ti’d you aonles ae 7 ‘Texxyson 
Princes Prol. 70 There a roup of girls ae ae waited, 
whom the electric shock ink'd with shrieks and laughter. 
1861 G. Merepiru Evan parte IIL, iii. 59 [She] dis- 
linked herself from William's arm. 

+ Dislive (dislai-v),v. Oés. [app. f. Dis- 7a 
orc + Lire] ‘rans. To deprive of life; to put 
out of life, to kill. 

Torte A/ba (1880) 17 Now that Alba mine is ed, 
wie bah me left dicloade od ite v: oe — 
Honour's Acad. ui, 87 He eae means to be ray rnd 


One who 


1615 Cuarman Odyss. xxi. 355 Telemachus dislived Am- 
himedon. — Caesar & Pompey m1. Can at 
destroyes it she disliues it. 


‘ven, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + -Zven in 
EsLIvEN.] ‘vans. To do the opposite of to enliven; 
to dispirit. 

- CRAVEN << (1632) : disk 
a poe 31) 46 The Trumpet. .disliueneth 
(dislae d), v. Also 7 Sc. disloaden. 
[f.Dis-6+Loapz.] ‘tans. and ‘intr. To unload, 
disburden. Hence Disloa‘ding vb/. si. 


C. Watson Poly). 7ob, Preparing there to disloade 
py deliver the victualls. 1625-49 Sc. Acts C) ? ah I (1814) 


the h 


DISLOCATEDNESS. 


We 630 (Jam.) That no ship..aucht to disloadin.. vntill the 
We the come tothe said burcht. 1831 CautyLein Froude 
Life (1882) 163 Dust, toil, cotton bags, hampers, re- 

ar ae Thies ading stones, 1882 ~~ in Century Mag. 

XIV, at Lheir long dangerous loading and disloading. 

‘Bislocable (disldkab'l), a. rare. [f. med.L. 
dislocdve to DISLOCcATE: sce -BLE.] Capable ot 
being, or liable to be, dislocated or displaced ; 
displaceable, Hence Dislocabi'lity. 

1827 Beniam Coust, Code i. viii. § 9 Dislocable is this 
functionary .. by that authority, for the giving exec ution 
and effect to whose will he has been located, He is dis- 
locable by the Legislature. /O/d. u. viii. § 6 Inferior, in 
mae ch of his dislocability,—he is superior even to the whole 


"Bislocate, Ppl. a. Obs, or arch, [ad, med.1.. 
dislocal-us, pa. pple. of dtslocare: see next.) Dis- 
located. (Chielly as fa. pple. 

61400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 62 Whanne ., pe boon ., is tu 
broke atwo & dislocate—pat is to seie out of ioynte, f 
63 Pe Loonys pat weren broken ouReE dislocate 
locat). 1814 Sournty Roderick xxit, Where the cement of 
authority Is wanting, all things there are dislocate, 1826 
J.Wirson Noct, Ambr. 1.179 Lying in the midd!. 
of the road, his neck dislocate, 1846 in WokceSTEK. 

Dislocate ‘dislvke't), v.  [f. déslocdt- ppl. stem 
of med.L. déslocdre to put out of place, f. Dis- 4 
+ L. locare to place, locus place: cf. It. dislocarr, 
Py. deslocar, Fr. disloguer. In Eng. as pa. pple. 
long before its use as a finite verb: see prec.] 

1. “rans. ‘Yo put out of place; to shift from its 
proper ‘or former) place; tu displace. Now 
vare, 

1623 Coc krKam, Dislocate, to vt 
/fist, Wt. ¥. $55 We will concl 
submission of the Dean and Cl 


1655 Fuiten C4, 


> Section with this 


the King .. though dislucat sulle yeares 3 
the date thereof, 1724 A. ¢ ns Gr. Chr. Keliy, 102 
alters some passages and ges the places of others 


he supposes dislocated, es Hou 
A plant may be dislocated from an ol 
new bed. 1879 G. Meerut Ayes 
sooner was he comfortably established 
dislocate him. 

2. To put out of proper position in relation to 
contiguous parts (without removal to a dista 

1660 Boyt. New Aap. Phys. 3 

- were in their passage .. Dis): 
Hooke Microgr. 1 
that several parts of i 
Woopwakrn Vat, (ist. arth u. 72 Io 
were dislocated, 1755 /’//7. 
nies, though not thrown d 


1 ‘They (the $ : 
IX 4i Some ¢ 


vans. 3 


turn'd round. 1869 Puatsis J 
dislocating cite strate, 
b. spec. Vo displace “a Lone) from its prope: 
Ht 
position in the joint; to put out of joint; to ‘put 


out’ ‘a joint or lamb). (Rarely with the person as 
object.) In early use more widely: see quots. 1602, 
1668, and cf. DisLocation 1 b. 

1605 SHAKS, Lear IV. ii. 65 ‘These hands .. are apt enough 
to dislocate and tear ‘hy flesh and bones. 1658 Rowrany 
Moufet's Theat. (ns. 912 Vhe pain of a juynt that is dislo- 
cated. 1668 Currerrer & Corr Larthol. Anat. w. iii. 332 
Its use is, ike a cord to bind together the parts of the body 

-that they may not be dislocated. 1752 Jounson & ambler 
No. 199 P 3, I have twice dislocated my limbs. .in essaying 

1763 


to fly. Frankun Lett, Wks. 1287 IL. 244, 1 write in 
pain with an arm lately dislocated. 1838 JHintwaiy Greece 
II. xiv. 192 Darius had dislocated a foot in hunting. 1845 


Camrne.e Lives of Chancellors (1257) 11. xxxv. 120 Anne 
was still much dislocated by the rack. 

3. fg. Yo put ‘affairs, etc.; ‘out of joint’; to 
throw into confusion or disorder, upset, disarrange, 
derange, disconcert. 

©1645 Hower “ett. (1892) IL. 65¢ ‘These sad confusions... 
have so unhing'd. .tumbled and dislocated all things. « 1661 
Furer Worthies, Barkshire 1. (1662) 85 Since our Civil 
Wars hath lately dislocated all relations. 1719 De For 
Crusoe (1840) 11.1.7, I was .. desolate and dislocated in the 
world bythe loss of her. x25 T. Jerrerson Autobioy. 
Wks. 1859 I. B He contrived tu dislocate all their military 
plans. a E. R. Convex Bas. Faith ii. 61 In the violent 
strain put n his mind, its balance is dislocated. 1889 
Spectator 9 Nov., That will dislocate the trade of the port. 

Hence Di-slocating ol. a. 

1863 Kixciaxe Crimea 1. 484 This perturbing and dislo- 
cating course of action. 

Dislocated, #7/. 2. [f. prec. + -ep1.] Dis- 
placed; put ont of position; out of joint; dis- 
arranged ; having the continuity broken and the 
parts displaced, as a line or stratum: see the 
verb. 

1605 Cuspman A// Fools 111. i, The incision is not d 
nor the orifice exorbitant, the pericranion is not iecmed 

Vulg. Errors Censured 35 I It was he that .. cured 
Diodorus of. . his dislocated member {shoulder out of joint]. 
1793 J. Bexesroxp in guetta deag No, 8s. 360 Parts 

-not already occupied by the dislocated Frederick. 
Lixptey Wat. "ane Bot, 295 A kind of dislocated calyx. 
1854 Hooxer Himal. Fruls. i. xi. 253 Much-crumpled and 
dislocated gneiss. 1874 Sruses Const. Hist. L iv. 61 The 
po tae state of Britain seems. .to have made way for the 


“Hisoes Dishddntetiy dv. Dislocatedness, the 
condition of being displaced. 

x27 Bentuam Const. Code 1. vi. § 30 From the situation 
of Member of the: we ly, causes of 


5 ey dislocated- 
1883 American V1 [They] ‘tends Sidocssolby tas > 
Mr. Riley's sid A id 
5 


DISLOCATEE. 


Dislocatee’. nonce-wd. [f. DisLocate v. + 
-EE.) One who is dislocated or displaced. 

1827 Bentuam Const. Code 11. ix § 18. 294/1 Dislocation is 
.. removal from an official situation, without consent of the 
dislocatee, and without his being located in any other. 

tion (disloke-an). [a. OF. dislocation 
(14th c. in Littré), or ad. med.L. dislocation-em, n. 
of action f. dislocare to D1isLocaTE.] The action 
of dislocating, or condition of being dislocated. 

1. Displacement; removal from its proper (or 
former) place or location. 

1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph., Dislocation, setting out of 
right place. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. 216 Which pre- 
venteth such dislocation of the Moneths. 1 Unhappy 
Game at Scotch & Eng. 14 The dislocation of the Kings 
|p by his personall will all this while from the two 

ouses of Parliament. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xiv. (1862) 11. 

88 ‘Those violent dislocations of inhabitants. 1886 Wittis 

Crark Camébr. 111. 463 There has been much dislocation 
of the glass [in the windows of Jesus College Library]. 

b. sfec. Displacement of a bone from its natural 
position in the joint; luxation. (Formerly, more 
widely, displacement of any bodily part or organ.) 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 303 It is sett vpon pe region 
of pe wombe for fallinge of pe maris, pat is clepid dislo- 
cacioun of be maris. /é/d_ 322 Dislocacioun of be rigboonys 
is a greuous sijknes. 31541 RK. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. 
Chirurg., Demaunde. Yf all the membres may regenerate 
after theyr perdicion, & knytte agayne after theyr dislo- 
cacion? 1659 lle. Errors Censured 35 His Shoulder-bone 
suffering a dislocation. 1707 Loud. Gaz. No. 4362/4 Lost.. 
a..Greyhound Bitch..a Dislocation in her Neck, which 
causes a Bone to stand up. 1842 Anpy JW ater Cure i. (1843) 
1 Aslight pain, which I could no otherwise describe than as 
the sensation of a slight dislocation. 

ce. Geol. A displacement in a stratum or series 
of strata caused by a fracture, with upheaval or 
subsidence of one or both parts; a fault. 

1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth u. (1723) 91 This Dis- 
ruption, and Dislocation of the Strata. 1849 Murcnison 
Siluria iii. 53 The black schists .. are there insulated by 
a powerful dislocation. 1880 CarPENTER in 19/h Cent. 
No. 38. 598 Earthquake phenomena involving extensive dis- 
locations of the crust. 

da. Jil. The distribution of the several corps 
composing an army to a number of garrisons, 


camps, etc. 

1808 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. IV. 33 His Majesty has 
..been pleased to command that the {allowing should be 
the outline of the dislocation of the troops. 1842 ALISON 
Hist. Europe (1849-50) XII. Ixxxii. 258 A very considerable 
dislocation of the forces which had combated at Leipsic 
immediately took place. 1883 Manch. Exam. 19 Dec. 4/6 
The dislocation of Russian troops on the Austrian frontier 
had begun to assume .. significant proportions. 

2. fig. Displacement of parts or elements; dis- 
arrangement (of something immaterial); a con- 
fused or disordered state. 

1659 O. WALKER Oratory 51 Causing a harsh superfluity, 
or else forcing a dislocation of the words. 1778 Br. Low111 
Transl. Isaiah Notes (ed. 12) 203 This whole passage .. 
healed of the dislocation which it suffers by the absurd 
division of the chapters. 1860 Pusey Ain. Proph. 290 The 
utter dislocation of society. 1862 Merivare Kom. Emp. 
(1865) 1V. xxxiii. 91 A dislocation of all social principles. 

3. attrib., as Dislocation forceps. 

1885 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Hence Disloca‘tionally adv., by way of disloca- 
tion or displacement. 

1827 BentHam Const. Code u1, viii. § 5 The omission is. .an 
anti-constitutional offence .. and, punitionally .. as well as 
dislocationally, every offender is responsible. ; 

Di‘slocative, @. rare. [f. med.L. dislocai- 
ppl. stem of dislocare to DIsLocaTE + IvE.] 
Serving to dislocate or remove from its place. Also 
ellipt. as sb. =displacing power. 

1827 Bentuam Const. Code 1. v. § 2 Dislocative function: 
exercised by dislocating, out of the situation in question, the 
functionary therein located. /é/d. 11. vi. § 30 Dislocation, 
b his constituents, in virtue of their incidental dislocative. 

Di-slocator (di‘slokeito1). [agent-n. in L. form 
f, DisLocaTE v.:; see -oR.] One who dislocates. 

1818 Sir A. Coorer Surg. Ess. 1. Dislocations (ed. 3) 16 
One of those people called bone-setters (but who ought 
rather to be called dislocators). 


Dislocatory (di'sloke'tari), a. [f. L. déslocat- 
ppl. stem of dislocare: see -orY.] Having the 
ect of dislocating ; producing dislocation. 


1870 E, L, Garsett in Eng. Afech. 11 Mar. 625 ‘1 A frozen 
pond .. roughened by dislocatory cracks. 1881 E, Waren 
Laughing tyes (1890) 64 The mistress..had no notion of 
dislocatory attitudes on damp grass. 

Bislock (dislgk), v. Ods. or Sc. Also 7 dis- 
loke. [In form dis/oke app. ad. F. disloguer (1549 
in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. dislocdre to Disio- 
CATE ; in form dis/ock, app. associated with Lock v.] 
= DisLocate v. 

1609 J. Davies //oly Roode (1876) 20 (D.) His bones and 
joints., With rackings quice disloked and distracted. 1830 
Gatr Laurie T, ut. v. 100 Many a joint-dislocking jolt, 

1 e (dislpdz), v. Also 5 disloggen, 
5-6 dos-, disloge, des-, dyslodge, 6 Sc. disluge. 
a. OF. desloger, -logier to leave or to cause to leave 
a lodging-place, f. des-, Dis- 4 + doger to LopGE.] 

1. trans. To remove or turn out of a place of 
lodgement; to displace. a. generally. 

a 1500 Chaucer's Dreme 2125 Whan every thought and 
every sorrow Dislodged was out of mine herte. rae toaienl 


! 


466 


Sheph, Cal. Dec. 32 How often haue I scaled the i 
Oke All to dislodge the Rauen of her neste. 1641 Br. 
Hat Rem. Wks. (1660) 71 Rivers changed, Seas dislodged, 
h opening. 1645 — Remedy Discontents 151, 1 must 

be dislodged of my former habitation. 179x ‘G. GamBapo’ 
Ann. Horsem, vi. (1809) @ [A horse] kicking ..at such a 
rate, as to dislodge the Bagman that bestrides him, o% 
J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 1 Mar., It would be mad- 
ness to dislodge the present Ministry. 187x L. Sternen 
Playgr. Europe v. (1894) 127 Every stone we dislodged 
went bounding rapidly down the side of the slope. 

+b. Ai/. To shift the position of (a force); 
vefl. to shift one’s quarters. Ods. 

©1477 Caxton Fason 27 b, He hadde not entencion for to 
disloge him ne to reyse his siege. 15€8 Grarton Chron. I1. 
240 At night, the French King dislodged his armie, and 
departed. 1 Suaks. Cor. v. iv. 44 The Volcians are 
dislodg’d and Marcius gone, 1670 Drypen 1st Pt. Cong. 
Granadaiit.i, The Christians are dislodg’d; what Foe is near? 

e. Mil. To diive (a foe) out of his position. 

1450 LoneLicu Grail xliv. 435 Hem to disloggen in this 
plas, It were best thorwh goddis gras. 1659 B. Harris 
Parival’s Iron Age 155 The Spanish Army drew towards 
him, to dislodge him from thence. 1783 Watson PAilip /1/ 
(1839) 23 Judging it necessary .. to dislodge the Spaniards 
from their fortifications. 1839 Tuirtwatt Greece VI. 169 
He had dislodged the barbarians from the position which 
they had taken up. .and made himself master of the pass. 

d. Hunting. To drive (a beast) ont of its lair. 

1610 Guituim Heraldry im. xiv. (1660) 166 You shall say 
Dislodge the Buck. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7'raz. 56 The 
two and twentieth day we dislodged a wilde Bore. 1827 
Worpsw. Go back to Antigue Ages, While, to dislodge his 
game, Cities are sacked. [1 Sites Sc. Natur. vi. 96 A 
badger endeavoured to dislodge him, showing his teeth.] 

2. intr. (forvefl.) To goaway from one’s lodging 
or abode ; to quit the place where one is lodged ; 
to remove. a. gez. Of persons and things. 

1520 St. Papers Hen. VIII, V1. 56 The daunces .. con- 
tinued .. unto thre of the clocke in the mornyng: whiche.. 
made the Ladyes more unmete to dislodge at the daye 
appoynctyd, 1528 Lynpresay Dreme 969 In the lawland I 
come..And purposit thare to mak my residence ; Bot singu- 
lare proffect gart me soune disluge. 1653 H. Cocan tr. 
Pinto's Trav. \xi. 249 Proclaimed, that all persons. .should 
upon pain of death dislodge speedily out of the Island. 
1668 awe Bless. Righteous (1825) 309 Your souls will dis- 
lodge from this earthly tabernacle. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng. 
II. xxvii. 130 Many of the inhabitants of Paris began to 
dislodge. 1882 Mario Garibaldi in Macm. Mag. XLVI. 
247 Dislodge immediately from the convent. 

+b. AZZ. ‘To leave a place of encampment. Ods. 
¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xx. 446 He commaunded 
that his oste shold dyslodge. c¢1g00 Melusine xxvi. 277 
The next day. .after the masse herd, desloged the vanward. 
gor Garrarv Art Warre 168 In the morning when they 
dislodge, and at night when they encampe. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. vy. 669 He [Satan] resolv’d With all his Legions to 
dislodge. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lvi. 309 Dis- 
lodging from Thame and Aylesbury .. he thought it proper 
to retreat nearer London. 


+e. Hunting. Of a beast of the chase: To leave 


its resting-place. Ods. 

1674 N. Cox Gent. Recreat. i. (1677) 71 If they [harts] 
chance once to vent the Hunts-man or the Hound, they will 
instantly dislodge. 

Ilence Dislo-dged ff/. a., Dislo'dging v//. sd. 
and ff/. a. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccxi. 54 Whan the frenche- 
men .. sawe the dyslodgynge of the Englysshe oost. 1602 
Marston Antonio's Rev. ui. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 111 His dis- 
lodg’d soule is fled. 164 Eart Strarrorp Let. to Chas. 1, 
4 May in Rushw. //ist. Cold. (1692) 111. I. 251, I forgive all 
the World, with Calmness and Meekness of infinite Con- 
tentment to my dislodging Soul. 1737 L. CLarxe Hist. 
Bible u. (1740) 151 This was the order of their incamping. 
The manner of their dislodging was thus. 1832 G. Downes 
Lett, Cont. Countries 1. 84 Among the dislodged was an 
elderly female. . who bitterly deplored her lot. 

+ Dislo'dge, sd. Obs. [f. prec.] The fact of 
being dislodged; dislodgement. 

1 Turserv. Ventrous Lover, $c. (R.), Show how long 
dislodge hath bred Our cruell cutting smart. 

Dislodgement, -lodgment (<islpdgmént). 
[f. Dis.opce v. + -ment ; cf. F, délogement, older 
des-.] The act of dislodging ; removal of anything 
from the place where it is lodged ; displacement. 

1728 Morcan Algiers II. iv. 267 He told them, their Dis- 
lochreomane was resolved on, 1737 L, Crarxe Hist. Bible us, 
They continued thereabout, making .. eighteen several Re- 
moves or Dislodgments, and at last they returned to Kadesh 
Barnea. 1864in Wesster. 1870 Echo 11 Nov., The chance 
dislodgement of a party of Prussians by a band of Franc- 
tireurs, 1876 Bartnotow Jat, Med. (1879) 457 [Sulphate of 
Copper) also occasionally used in croup, to effect the dis- 
lodgment of the false membrane. 

Dislogistic, erron. f. DysLoeisric, 

+Disloi‘gn, v. Obs. [a. OF. desloignier to 
remove or withdraw to a distance, f. des-, Dis- 1 

+ loin far: cf. éloigner.] Exemplified in pa. pple. 
Disloi‘gned [ = OF. des/oigni¢}, removed to a dis- 
tance; distant, remote, far off. 


DISLUSTRE. 


+ Dislo-ve, v. Ovs. [Dis-6.] “vans. Not to 
love; to withdraw one’s love from, ; 
1568 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr..w.iv. 116 b, 1 care not if 
all Greece hate and dysloue mee, iy Ibid. w. ao 
Di disloued, and ery all. 
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 180 Which he so 
loved, as for it he disloved everything else. 
i (disloival), a. (sb.) [a. OF. desloial, 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + loial Lovau, Cf. also DIsLEaL,] 


Not loyal; false to one’s allegiance or obligations; 
unfaithful, faithless, perfidious, treacherous, 

a. Unfaithful to the obligations of friendship or 
honour, to the marriage tie, etc. (Common in early 
use: now somewhat rare.) 

¢ 1477 Caxton P ge 53 Certes fayr sire Jason ansuerede 
the disloyal and untrue Peleus (st. 1s8t Perrie tr. 
Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 26 Greekes though 
—— in learning and eloquence, yet are they disloiall 
and faithlesse. 1590 Spenser F. Q. u. vii. 22 Di i 
‘Treason, and hart-burning Hate. 1§93 Suaxs. Rich. //, v. 
ii. 105 ‘Thou do'st suspect That I haue bene di to thy 

- 1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 51 
‘The demeanure of his disloyall wife. Mrs. Browninc 
Flower in Let, iv, Without a thought disloyal. 

b. Untrue to one’s allegiance; wanting in loyalty 
to the government or to constituted authority. 

1585 Azr. Sanpys Serm. (1841) 200 Absolon rebelled. . but 
God quickly paid him that which was due to his rebellious 
and disloyal attempts. 1634 Prynne Documents agst. 
Prynne (Camden) 48 Executed by your Lordship as sedi- 
tious and disloyall. 1657 Mu.ton P. Z, 11. 204 Man dis- 
obeying, Disloyal breaks his fedltie, and sinns Against the 
high Supremacie of Heav’n. 1673 [R. Leicn] 7ransp. Reh. 
146 His malicious and disloyal reflections on the late Kings 
Reign. 1711 Hearne Coélect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 222 
Disloyal Whiggs dispatch and goe, And visit Noll and Will 
below! 1837 J. H. awk Par. Serm. (1839) 1. xv. 225 
Disloyal to the authority of God. 7 

a5 B. sb. A disloyal person; a traitor, rebel. Ods. 

1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxii. (1632) 1112 The bat- 
tell of the disloyals. 1651 tr. De das Coveras' Hist. Don 
Fenise 302, | desired to see this disloyall yet once. bid. 303. 

Hence Disloy‘alist, a person disloyal or dis- 
affected to the government. 

1885 Pali Mail G. 10 June 10/1 Two organized bands of 
disloyalists indulged in hostile manifestations. 1886 J. 
Cook in Advance (Boston) 18 Feb. 99 As dangerous in his 
character of a disloyalist as that of a polygamist. 

Disloy‘ally, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina 
disloyal manner, with disloyalty; with viola- 
tion of one’s allegiance or obligations; unfaith- 


fully. 

[Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1. 58 (dated 1427, but extant 
only in alleged transcript of ¢ 1600), And after that dis- 
loyally rose up agayn in warres.) 1552 Hvutoet, Disloy- 
allye, pexfide, 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 
464 Setting .. subjects disloyally to rebel = their 
princes. 1654 tr. Scudery'’s Curia Pol. 2 Had they all 
disloyally revolted. 1884 Freeman in Manch. Guardian 
22 Sept. 5/6 The body which thus disloyally, almost re- 
belliously, flouted the crown. 

+ Disloy‘alness. és. rare. [-NESS.] =next. 

1586 Frenne Blas. Gentrie 138 A disloyalnesse of heart. 
1727 Baiey vol. 11, Disloyalness, disloyalty. 

Disloyalty ‘(disloralti). Also 5 des-, dis- 
loyalte, 6-7 -tie. [ad. OF. desloyaute, desloyaulte, 
earlier desloialtett (mod.F. déloyauté), f. desloyal, 
DistoyaL: cf. Joyal, ity.) The quality of 
being disloyal; unfaithfulness, falseness. 

1481 Caxton Godfrey 167 Whan the disloyalte and false- 
nes of mahomet ran thurgh thoryent. 1483 — G. de 
fa Tour Eviijb, He slewe his broder Amon that suche 
desloyalte and untrouth had done to his Suster. 1548 Haut 
Chron., Edw, IV (an. 15) 237 b, Your moste renoumed 
name, by suche a desloialtie, and untruthe against 


to be both blotted and stained. 1599 Suaxs. A/uch Ado u. 
i. 49 There shall a re such seeming truths of Heroes 
disloyaltie, that i sie shall be cal'd assurance. 1712 


Appison Sfect. No. 397 ® 5 This Princess was then under 
Prosecution for Disloyalty to the King’s Bed. 1874 Morury 
Compromise (1886) go The infidelity to truth, the disloyalty 
to one’s own Ee " i 

b. Now esf. Violation of allegiance or duty to 
one’s sovereign, state, or government. 

1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 195 Some .. charged him 
with disloyaltie, saying that he would not fight, having 
beene corrupted. - Bacon isc. Govt. Eng. 1, lil. 
(1739) 106 Although Richard the First forgot this man’s 
disloyalty, yet God remembred it. 182z Soutney Vision 
Feng vy, Discontent and disloyalty, like the teeth of the 

ragon, He had sown on the winds. 1 . H. Witson 
Brit. India 1. x Several of the Sipahis .. suffered the 
penalty of their disloyalty. 5 

ec. wae, A disloyal act or proceeding. 
P Ry ARRIS ee Age - ta, bg a 

olland, repenting himself of his great ies, n 
Lang "3697 C, Lesuin Snake in Grass ow 2) 369 To upbraid 
the Presbyterians. .with their former loyalties, 

Dislurne, v. nonce-wi. [f. Dis- 4+ L. dma the 


moon.] “rans. To cure of even nies 2 
| 388: . Durriecp Don Quixote iv. 641 He 
| ond id'R rie ada Copate umpbacked or not, 


1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v. x. 24 Low looking dales, disloignd 
from common gaze, 

Disloke: see DisLock. 

Lislo-ve, sé. Obs. or nonce-wa, [D1s- 9.] The 
revevse or undoing of love; unfriendliness, hatred. 

@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Ooij, 
Disloue in thee, causeth the hope doubtfull in me. 1 
Child Marriages 11 Then dislove fell betwene them. 1 
W. Tayvtor Sayer’s Wks. 1, p. Ixxviii, Agitated by various 
loves and dis-loves, 


his master dislocated : it had been no small fortune had 
he been disluned. (Sp. des/ocado, f. doco mad, ‘cracked ’.] 

+Dislu'stre, 50. Oss. [Dis- 9.] Loss or 
deprivation of lustre; something that dims 
lustre. 

Finert For, Amébass. 151 To exclude the Venetian, 
aks might not by his Presence be a dis-lustre to him in 
hismarch. 1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 139 Do not glory 
in her ruines, trample not upon her dislustre, 


DISLUSTRE. 


Dislustre (dislo'sta:), v. [Dis- 7 a.] 

1. wans. To deprive of lustre or brightness; to 

dim, sully. Hence Dislu:stred f#/. a. 
” 3638 Baxer tr. Balzac’s Lett. (1654) IL. 25 To dislustre so 
pure a matter with the impression of so black a vapour. 
W. Mountacure Devout Ess. u. vi. § 3 (R.) All those 
glittering passions .. get their lustre in the absence of that 
intellectual light, which as soon as it appears, deads and 
dislustres them. 1667 Dicsy £/vira v. iv, Whose character 
would it not dislustre? 1868 Lowett Willows ii, Her 
[May's] budding breasts and wan dislustered front. 

2. intr. To lose its lustre. 

1890 R. Bripces Shorter Poems tv. 15 When their bloom 
Dislustres. 4 

D: e, -maid, -maiede, obs. ff. DIsMAYED. 

+Dismargn, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 8+ L. 
magn-us great ] trans. To deprive of greatness. 

1657 Reeve God's Plea 207 It doth grieve me to see how 
great things are deampled and dismagned amongst you. 

+Dismai‘den, v. Ols. rare. [Dis- 7 b.] trans. 
To deprive of maidenhood ; to devirginate. 

1603 Fiorto Montaigne ui. xiii. (1632) 629 At the dismay- 
dening of their wives. 

Bismai'l, v. arch. [a. OF. desmaille-r, f. des-, 
Dis- 4 + maille MaiL, armour; cf. It. dsmagliare, 
obs. Sp. desmallar.] trans. To divest of mail or 
armour; to break or strip the mail off. 

¢1450 Merlin 207 Thei perced haubrekes, and dismailed, 
and many ther were throwen to grounde. 1485 Caxton 
Chas. Gt. 69 Hys helme was desmaylled & broken. 1590 
Spenser F. Q. 11. vi. 29 Their mightie strokes their haber- 
jeons dismayld. 248 ‘B A. Cartyte tr. Dante's Inferno 
353 O thou. . who with thy fingers dismailest thyself. 

Dismain (disméi'n), v. [Dis- 8.] trans. To 
deprive of the legal status of being a main road. 

1886 Kent Herald 21 Oct. 2/1 That the Local Government 
Board be asked to hold an enquiry with a view to dismain 
a road, 1893 Bristol Times 15 Apr. 7/5 The proposal to 
dismain a portion of the main road situated at Berkeley. 

Dismal (di-zmial), sd.) and 2 and a. Forms: 
4-7 dismall, 4-5 dis(e)male, 5 dysmal, -mel, 
-mol, 6 diesmoll, dismold(e, 6-7 Sc. dismail, 
6- dismal, [Mentioned in 1256 as the English or 
Anglo-French name for Fr. les mals jours: whence 
it appears to be OF. dis mal = L. dies mali evil 
days, unlucky days. It was thus originally a sub- 
stantive of collective meaning; when ‘day’ was 
added, making ‘ dismal days’, (cf. ‘ seemmer days,’ 
‘winter days’), its attributive use passed into an 
adjective, and, its original application being ob- 
scured, it was finally before 1600 extended from 
day, days, to be a general attribute. See Note at 
end of this article.] 

A. sb.! (The original use.) 

+1. The dies maiz, evil, unlucky, or unpropitious 
days, of the medizeval calendar, called also aves 
Agyptiact, ‘Egipcian daies’ (see EGyprian 1b) ; 
hence, by extension, Evil days (generally), days of 
disaster, gloom, or depression, the days of old age. 

The dies mali were Jan. 1, 25; Feb. 4, 26; March 1, 28; 
April 10, 20; May 3, 25; June 10,16; July 13, 22; Aug.1, 

0; Sept. 3, 21; Oct. 3, 223 Nov. 5, 28; Dec. 7, 22. 

hey are said to have been called ‘ Egyptian days’ because 
first discovered or computed by Egyptian astrologers ; 
though some mediaeval writers connected them with the 

ues of ancient Egypt (cf. the Chaucer quot. 1369, where 
the word appears to be treated as OF. dis mad, ten evils, or 
plagues, f age; see Prof. Skeat’s note, Chaucer 1. 493); 
some, still more fancifully, associated them with the gloom 
of ‘Egyptian’ darkness. 

to see Note below.] ¢ 1300 Langtoft’s Chron. (Rolls II. 
258), Cambr. MS. Ce I. i. (¢ 1310), (Satirical Verses on 
Baliol) Begkot an bride, Rede him at ride In the dismale 
(rime liale}], ¢ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 1206, I trowe 
hyt was in the dismalle, That was the .x. woundes of Egipte. 
a 1400 Pystyll of Susax 305 Pou hast Ibe presedent, be peple 
to steere, Pou dotest now on pin olde tos in pe dismale [v. 7. 
in pin olde days, in pin elde]. ¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 93 A way- 
tip not beis Egipcian daies, bat we call dysmal. 

B. adj. (orig. attributive use of A.} 

+1. Of days: Of or belonging to the dies mali ; 
unlucky, unpropitious. Ods. 

c1400 Beryn 650 a the Pardonere, it was adismol 
day. ¢1420 Lyna. Story Thebes 111.(1561) 370a/1 Herdisemale 
daies and her fatal houres, 1548 Cranmer Catech. B vjb, 
Other ., thinke that when the Sonne, Moone, or any other 
planetes is in this or y¢ signe, it is an vnlucky thing to enter- 
prise this or that, and vpon such dismolde daies (as they 
cal] them) they will begin no new enterprise. 1552 Hutoet, 
Dismall dayes, atri dies, dies Afgiptiaci. 1560 Br. J. Pit- 
KINGTON £.xf. Aggeus i, Bviijb, Why shall we then be 
bolde to call them euyll, infortunate, and dysmall dayes?. . 
Why shal bey Me prosper on those dayes, as well as on 
other? 1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist. 24 If she had now 
escaped her dismall daye: yet, doubtlesse .. within a fewe 
yeares her life would have ended. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. 
vii. 26 An ugly feend, more fowle than dismall day. 1608 
Be. Hatt Char. Virtues §& V. 88 (Superstitions) If his 


-journey began .. on the dismall day; or if he stumbled at 


the threshold. 1618 Botton Florus 12 Hee .. distinguisht 
the yeere into twelue months, and markt out which dayes 
were luckie, and which were dismall. [1738 Bircu Lie 
Milton M.’s Wks. 1738 I. 75 Before that dismal 3oth of 
January that his Majesty’s Life was taken away.] 

+ 2. Of other things: Boding or bringing misfor- 
tune and disaster; unlucky, sinister, malign, fatal. 

1588 Greene Perimedes 9 Seest thou not a dismall in- 
fluence, to inflict a dispairing chaos of confused mishaps. 
1593 Suaxs. 3 Hex. VJ, u. vi. 58 Now death shall stop his 


467 


dismall threatning sound, And his ill-boading tongue, no 
more shall speake. /é¢d. m1. ii. 41 A Rauens Note, Whose 
dismall tune bereft my Vitall powres. 1632 J. Haywaro tr. 

Biond?’s Eromena 139 Such like love .. could not prove to 
her otherwise than dismall and unluckie. [1664 DrypEN 
Rival Ladies v. iii, It was that dismal Night Which tore 
my Anchor up.] iv 

3. Of the nature of misfortune or disaster; 
disastrous, calamitous. (Now vave, and associated 
with sense 5.) 

1592 Suaks. Rom. § Ful. w. iii. 19 My dismall Sceane, I 
needs must act alone. x599 ‘I. M[ouret] Sidkwormes 37 
A little dismall fire whole townes hath burnd, A little winde 
doth spread that dismall fire. 1638 Sir I. Hersert /7av. 
(ed. 2) 188 Many dismall showres of Darts and stones. 1655 
Stantey Hist. Philos. Biog. (1701) 13 Epilepsies, Convul- 
sions and other Dismal and Affrighting Distempers. 1712 
Appison Sfect. No. 418 ®6 Torments, Wounds, Deaths, and 
the like dismal Accidents. 1777 Watson Philip [1 (1793) 
II. x11. 91 Involved in this dismal catastrophe. 1856 Mrs. 
Browninc Aur. Leigh v. 433 If this then be success, ’t is 
dismaller Than any failures. . 

4. Causing dismay ; terrible, dreadful, dire. Now 
in weakened sense (associated with 5): Causing 
gloom or dejection, depressing, wretched, miserable. 

1588 Snaks, 7Vt. A. ut. i. 262 Be this dismall sight The 
closing vp of our most wretched eyes. 1605 — Macé, v. v. 
12 My Fell of haire Would at a dismall Treatise rowze, and 
stirre As life were in’t. 1686 Horneck Crucif. Fesus ii. 24 
The Devil appeared unto him in a.. most dismal shape. 
1728 Pore Dunc. 11. 269 Dire is the conflict, dismal is the 
din, 1770 Gotpsm. Des. Vill. 204 Full well the busy 
whisper circling round Conveyed the dismal tidings when 
he frowned. 1820 W. IrvinG Sketch Bh. 1. 15 The sight of 
this wreck .. gave rise to many dismal anecdotes. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 460 These things when spoken to 
a multitude. .take up a dismal length of time. 

5. Of a character or aspect that causes gloom 
and depression; depressingly dark, sombre, gloomy, 
dreary, or cheerless. 

Dismal Science, Carlyle’s nickname for Political Economy. 
Great Dismal Swamp (U.S.): see C. 5. 

1617 Minsueu Ductor, Dismadl, .[tsignifieth also Darke. 
1631 GouGr God's Arrows i. § 23. 30 On a sudden was 
that faire skie turned into a sulphurious and most dismall 
skie. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7 raz. 146 Blacke is not knowne 
among them, they say tis dismall and a signe of hell and 
sorrowe., 1696 tr. Du Afont's Voy, Levant 48 The Ghast- 
liness of the Prospect is heighten’d by the Pine-Trees, that 
cast a dismal Shade. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 311 
It looked very dismal and threatening all the time. 1849 
CartyLe Nigger Question, Misc. Ess. (1872) VII. 84 ‘The 
Social Science—not a ‘gay science’, but a rueful,—which 
finds the secret of this Universe in ‘supply and demand’.. 
what we might call, by way of eminence, the dismal sczence. 
1850 — Latter-d. Pamph., iv.(1872) 11y Good monitions, as to 
several things, do lie in this Professor of the dismal science. 
1873 Brack Pr. Thudei, What a wild and dismal country was 
this which lay..all around him! 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 54/2 
The fogs in London this week have been about at their dis- 
mallest. 

Jig. 1871 Mortry Voltaire (1886) 246 Doctrines which 
had naturally sprung up in the dismal age when the Catholic 
system acquired substance and shape. 

b. Of sounds: Dreary, cheerless, woeful. (In late 
use chiefly sebyective, as in 6.) 

1593 [see 2]. 
ditty, a Psalm at the Gallows. 1703 Dameier Voy. ILI. 131 
Whales .. blowing and making a very dismal noise. 1719 
De For Crusoe (1840) I. xix. 350 The dismallest howlings of 
wolves. 1794 Mrs. Ravcuirre A/yst. Udolpho i, Afar in the 
woods they raise a dismal shout. @ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) 
I. 139 And heard her singing a lively song, In a very dismal 
tone. 1874 MickLetHwaAItE J/od. Par. Churches 80 ‘The 
dismal groans of the harmonium. 1894 Blackmore /erly- 
cross 56 A dismal wail of anguish. 

6. Of a character or aspect denoting gloom or 
depression ; (subjectively) gloomy or miserable. 

1705 Bosman Guinea 403 You may be surpriz’d that 
these poor Wretches should wear Hats, Perukes, &c. 
which they do in a very particular dismal manner. a@1715 
Burnet Own Time (1766) 1. 329 Wrote dismal letters to 
Court. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic, W.vii, The only dismal figure 
ina seep of merry faces. 1771 Funius Lett. xvii. 330, 
I think you should suffer your dismal Countenance to clear 
up. 1837, W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville 11, 14 Gathering the 
mangled bodies of the slain .. the warriors returned, in dis- 

procession, to the village. 

quasi-adv. 1757 Mrs. E. Grirritn Lett. detw. Henry § 
Frances (1767) 1. 64, 1 fear it was a dismal penned piece. 

C. sb.2 [Elliptical or absolute use of B.] 

+1. A dismal person. a. The devil. b. A fu- 
neral mute. Ods. 

2a1g00 Priests of Peblis in Pinkerton Scot. Poems Repr. 
I. 17 (Jam.) Never bot by the dysmel, or the devil. 1570 
Levin Pye 13/20 Y° dismall, deuill, d’abolus. 1708 Reply 
Swift's Bickerstaff detected Wks. 1755 11. 1. 165 Away .. 
into your flannel gear.. here is a whole pack of dismals 
coming to you with their black equipage. , 

+2. ‘The designation of a mental disease, most 
probably, melancholy ’ (Jam.), hypochondria. Ods. 

@1605 Montcomerie Fiyting w. Polwart 315 The doit 
and the dismail, indifferentlie delt. 

+8. p/. Mourning garments. Ods. 

1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. 171 How she would 
have adorned the weeds ! .. Such pretty employment in her 
dismals. 1778 Foote 77ip Cadais 1. 1799 II. 363 As 
my lady is deck'd out in her dismals, perhaps she may take 
a fancy to faint. xf 

4, pl. a. Low spirits, the dumps, the ‘ blues’. 

1762 Foote Lyar u. Wks. 1799 1. 298 He..seems entirely 
wrapt up in the dismals. 2777 J. Q. Apams in Fam, Lett, 
(1876) 265 The spleen, the vapors, the dismals, the horrors 
seem to have seized our whole State. a@ 1834 Lams Final 
Mem. v. To Mrs. Haslitt 232 When we are in the dismals 


axjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dismal 


DISMAN. 


there is now no hope from any quarter whatever. 1836 
Marrvat A/idsh. Easy xxxiii, He has frightened that poor 
old woman into the dismals. 1893 Epna Lyatt 70 Right 
the Wrong 1. 44 What business have you to indulge in a 
fit of the dismals on this gala-day? 

b. g/. Expressions of gloom or despondency. 

1774 JQ. Avams Fam. Lett. (1876) 16 Their mutual re- 
proaches, their declamations .. their triumphs and defiances, 
their dismals and prophecies, are all delusion. 

e. fl. Depressing circumstances, miseries. 

1829 Sforting Mag. XXIV. 107 Quitting the dismals, I 
must relate an amusing anecdote. 1865 Reader 25 Feb. 
221/3 She harps upon the petty annoyances of her dreary 
poverty, and on other dismals of life. 

5. A local name of dreary tracts of swampy 
land on the eastern sea-board of the United States, 
esp. in North Carolina. 

1763 G. Wasuincton I} rit. (1889) IT. 198, 5 miles from the 
aforesaid mills, near to which the Dismal runs, 1812 H. 
Wituams Hist. N. Carolina 11, 180 Such are the Dismals, 
so called, and the other great swamps that are numerous in 
the flat country. 1856 Otmstep Slave States 149 The 
‘Great Dismal Swamp’, with the smaller ‘ Dismals’.. of 
the same character, along the North Carolina Coast. 

D. Comb., as dismal-dreaming. 

1599 Suaks. Pass. Pilg. 200 And drives away dark dismal- 
dreaming night. 

[Note. As to the identity of d/smad with OF. (=AF.) dis 
mal:—l.. dies mali, see Professor Skeat in Trans. Philol. 
Soc. 1888, p. 2. Already in 1617, Minsheu (whose own 
memory doubtless recalled the time when dismal was used 
only to qualify days) derived it from‘ L. d/es mzaZus, an euill 
and vnhappie time’. Early corroborative evidence comes 
from OF. and Icelandic sources. (1) The Anglo-French 
lrt de Kalender of Rauf de Linham, 1256 (MSS. at Glas- 
gow, Oxford, Cambridge; extracts printed by M. Paul Meyer 
in his official Rapport on Documents Manuscrits de lan- 
clenne littérature de la France, Paris 1871, pp. 127-9), has a 
passage of sixty lines on the Dées mad?, beginning ‘ Ore dirrai 
des jours denietz, Que vous dismal (Sodlvy ALS, dismol) ap- 
pelletz’ [Now shall I tell of the forbidden days, Which you 
call d7smaZ), and further on ‘ Dismal les appelent plusours, 
Ceo est a dire les mals jours’ [Déssad several call them,That 
is to say the evil days]. Here dismal is given as the equi- 
valent of ‘mals jours’, evil days. 

(2) A short Icelandic treatise in a Copenhagen MS, (Arna- 
Magnzan 350, written 1363, If. 148 a), begins ‘Her greinir 
um dismala daga. ‘Tueir ero peir dagar i huerium manadi 
erat bokmali kallaz dies mali .enn pat pydiz illir dagar’ 
{Here tells of the dismal days. ‘There are two days in every 
month that in the book-language (Latin) are called dzes 
mali, and that is interpreted ‘evil days’]. The word désmad 
is not Norse, and must have been learned from England be- 
fore 1363. In dismala daga, it is probably an adj. accus. 
pl., but may bea sb. gen. pl., ‘days of the dismals’. Both 
the AF. and the Icelandic treatises give a list of the dis mad 
or dies mali, identical with that given by various medizval 
writers, and computable by the mnemonic distich given by 
Du Cange s.v. Dies Algyptiaci: see sense 1 above. ] 

+Dismal, v. Obs. nonce-wid. [f. prec. adj.] 
intr. To feel dismal or melancholy. 

1780 Map. D’Arsiay Diary (1842) 1. 344 Miss L. sung 
various old elegies ..O ! how I dismalled in hearing them. 

Dismality (dizmeliti). [f. Dismar a. +-11y.] 
Dismal quality or state; an instance of this. 

1714 ManpEVILLE Jad. Bees (1725) 1. 291 A beggar. .assists 
his cant with a doleful tone and a study’d dismality of ges- 
tures. 1779 Mav. D’Arsiay Diary, Let. Susan Burney 
25 Aug., After ten we took a comfortable walk, which made 
up for our late dismalities. 1867 Miss Brappon Birds of 
Prey v.iii, The desert of Sahara is somewhat dismal .. but 
in its dismality there is at least a flavour of romance. 1890 
H. M. Srantey Sf. in Lit. World 11 July 33/2 The dismali- 
ties of the march from the Albert Nyanza to the East Coast. 

Bi‘smalize, v. [See -1zE.] ¢rans. To make 
or render dismal. Hence Dismalized /#/. a. 

1734 Lavy M. W. Montacu Let. to Duchess of Portland 
(:80¢) I, 19 Dismal faces, which by my-art I dismalized ten 
times more. 1885 Masson Cardy/e i. 26 A dull and dismal- 
ised blur of the facts. 

Lismally, ad. [f. Dismau a. + -1y2.] In 
a dismal manner; dreadfully; gloomily, dolor- 
ously. 

@ 1660 Hammonp Rev. ix. (R.), A lion gaping or yawning 
from his prey, and the blood of it about his mouth, looks 
very dismally. 1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 95 If he be 
either notoriously ignorant or dismally poor. 1709 STEELE 
Tatler No. 38 » 6, I dismally dread the Multiplication of 
these Mortals under..a settled Peace. 1794 Worpsw. Guilt 
§ Sorrow xlii, Dismally tolled that night the city clock ! 
1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge i, The wind howled dismally 
among the bare branches of the trees. 1874 Morey Com- 
promise (1886) 114 Their doctrine was dismally insufficient, 
and sometimes.. divectly vicious. 

Di‘smalness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The 
quality of being dismal; depressing dreariness or 
gloom ; dolefulness. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. III. xxxiv. 245 The Night came on 
.-not so light and calm..but a certain Dismalness it had. 
1653 GATAKER Vind. Annot. Fer, 42 All the dismalnes .. 
should be over, as soon as the interruption of those radiant 
rayes were remooved. 1832 Examiner 65/1 He is like to the 
raven in..the dismalness cfhis croak. 1879 BLack A/acleod 
of D. xv, The dismalness of being alone here. .eats more and 
more into my heart. 

Disman (disme‘n), v. [f. Dis- 7+ Man s6.] 

+1. trans. To undo as aman; to deprive of what 
constitutes the man. Ods. 

heme Fetruam Resolves 1. xlvii. 149 Man by death is 
absolutely divided and disman’d, 1633 Eart Mancn. AZ 
Mondo (2636) 162 There is no spectacle. . more terrible, than 
to behold ‘a dying man, to stand by, and see a man dis- 
manned. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. i, (2739) 6 All 
is faint in that man that hath once dismanned himself. 

59* —2 


DISMANACLE. 


~ 2. To deprive (a country, etc.) of men. 

1863 Kinctake Crimea 1. xiv. 293 This is why I have 
chosen to say that France was dismanned. 

+Dismarnacle, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 7a.] 
trans. ‘To free from manacles or shackles. 

1627-47 Fevtuam Resolves 311 Till it [the soul] be dis- 
manacled of the clogging flesh. «1641 Br. Mounracu Acts 
& Mon. (1642) 39 Such Caitifes as .. are dismanacled, un- 
shackled, raised up, 

+ Dismand, -mau‘nd, v. V/s. [ad. Sp. 
desmandar to countermand, refl. desmandarse to 
disband, stray from the flock, obs. It. désmandarsi 
‘in Grison is taken when a horse doth flie or depart 
out of the ring or compasse where he is ridden’ 
(Florio), f. des-, Dis- 4 + mandar, L. mandare to 
command.] ref. ‘Vo disband, to go off duty. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres tv. i. 98 Vpon small occasions 
doe they dismande themselues. /fd. 103 Not to suffer any 
souldier. .to dismaunde himselfe.. vntill the whole Regiment 
be all entred. 

+ Disma‘ngle, v. O¢s. rare. [Dis- 5.] frans. 
To cut in pieces; =Mancie. Hence + Dis- 
mangling ff/. a. Obs. 

1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 392 Ships..in which lye murder- 
ing Guns, mortal engines, and dismangling bullets. bid. 
611 Decks be-decked with all sorts of dismangling bullets. 

Dismantle (dismz-nt’l), v. [ad. obs. F. des- 
manteller ‘to take a mans cloake off his backe; 
also, to dismantle, raze, or beat downe the walls 
of a fortresse’ (Cotgr. 1611), mod.F, démanteler, 
f. des- Dis- 4+ manteler to cloak, MANTLE.] 

+1. trans. To divest of a mantle or cloak ; to un- 
cloak. Z¢. and fig. Also b. zntr. (for refl.) Obs. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u. xxiii. § 32 He must take heed 
he shew not himselfe dismantelled and exposed to scorne 
and iniury. r61r Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 666 Muffle your 
face, Dis-mantle you, and .. disliken The truth of your own 
seeming. 1623 Cockeram, Désmantle, to vncloath one. 
1691 Norris Pract, Disc. 57 When the warm influence of 
a like-perswaded Princes Favour, invites him to come abroad 
and dismantle his Secrecies. 

b. 1638 Sir T. Hernert Trav. (ed. 2) 33 A delicious 
streame..refreshes the fields, forcing Flora to dismantle. 

2. To divest or strip of (any clothing, covering, 
protection, or the like). 

1602 SHaks. /fam. 11. ii. 293 This Realme dismantled was 
of Ioue himselfe. 1654 H. L'Estrance Chas. / (1655) 55 
Authority, whereof if Soveraignty be once dismantled, once 
stript, she is soon trampled upon. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Re- 
creat. 1. (1677) 166 Pluming, ts after the Hawk hath seized 
her Prey, and dismantles it of the Feathers. 1784 Cowper 
Task vi.178 All this uniform uncoloured scene Shall be dis- 
mantled of its fleecy load. 1821 Compre Wife 111. 161 The 
chin dismantled of its beard. 1879 F. Pottox Sfort Brit. 
Burmah M1. 73 Houses. .dismantled of their roofs. 

+3. To strip off or remove (that which covers). 

1605 SHAks. Lear 1. i. 220 To dismantle So many folds of 
fauour. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 26 Such exotic 
garbes, as..dismantles their native lustre. 

4. To strip (any thing) of the necessary equip- 
ment, furniture, or apparatus, to unfurnish; esf. to 
strip (a fortress) of its defences and equipments ; to 
strip (a vessel) of its sails, rigging, etc., to unrig. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny I, 136 The Persians caused this Hyp- 
parenum to be dismantled. 1639 Futter Holy War ut. iv. 
(1647) 114 Saladine .. dismantled all his cities in the Holy 
land. 1772 Ann. Reg. 237/2 The Favorite frigate shall be 
dismantled, by putting her rudder on shore. 1778 Eng. 
Gazetteer (ed, 2) s.v. Leicester, Before the castle was dis- 
mantiled, it was a prodigious building. 1794 Sutuivan View 
Nat. Il. 198 When Greece was dismantled by the Romans. 
1643 Prescott A/e.xico (1850) I. 226 One of those tempests 
+. fell with terrible force on the little navy. .dismantling 
some of the ships, 3891 T. W. Reiww Life La. Houghton 1. 
x. 449 Engaged. .in dismantling the rooms. .which had been 
oe so many a) his home in London. 

Aaa + Roserts Looker-on (1794) I. 431. No. 30 
Calectaten..te dismantle the mind and scatter its materials 
of knowledge. . 

5. To render (fortifications, or the like) useless 
for their purpose; to pull down, take to pieces, 
destroy, raze. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. w. 153 The Florentins .. bound 
them selues .. to dismantle euen to the earth, the bastillion 
which had so much molested the Siennoys. 1581 Mutcaster 
Positions vi. (1887) 42 Vntill such time, as nature shall dis- 
mantle, and pull it (the body] downe her selfe, x H. 
Cooan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxvili. 153 Causing all the walls of 
it to be dismantelled, he razed the place quite to the ground. 
1672 Comper Comp. Temple w § 3 (R.) Sin .. defaceth its 
beauty, dismantles its strength, and brings down its highest 
and noblest faculties. 1853 Six H. Douctas Aidit. Bridges 
(ed. 3)371 The gun was dismounted. .the carriage dismantled 
and conveyed piecemeal to the ee shore. 

Hence Dismantling v//. sb. ; Disma‘ntler, one 
who dismantles or strips, 

1611 Cotcr., Desmantellement,adismantling. 1649 Mitton 
Eikon. xxi. Wks. (1847) 323/1 For the dismantling of his 
letters he wishes ‘they may be covered with the cloak of 
confusion’. 1747 Goutp Eng. Ants 77 The dismantling of 
the Nymphs is also an additional Task in reference to the 
Workers, 1758 Monthly Rev. 534 The dismantlers of our 
woods and groves. 1889 Atheneum 2 Nov.596/2 The utterly 
wanton dismantling of the Guesten Hall [at Worcester]. 

Dismasntled, //. a. [f. prec.+-ED1.] De- 
prived of clothing, equipment, or fortifications. 

1600 E. BLounr tr. Conestaggio 309 The citie of Angra and 
all other places being dismantled and weake, they no 
other defence then the landing, 1800 Cowrrr //iad (ed. 2) 
xu, 486 The dismantled wall, 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. 
(1876) IT. viii. 207 He repaired and garrisoned the dismantled 


468 
Faxrar St. Paud (1883) 244 The driven dis- 
tlement. [f. as prec. + -mENt: cf. 


mod.F, démantel t, older desmantell t.] 
The act or process of dismantling. . 

1870 Daily News 22 Dec., The fortifications on the horse- 
shoe enceinte .. are now also u i 
of dismantlement. 1876 Symonps Grk. Poets Ser. u. ix. 332 
‘Then came the dismantlement of Athens by Lysander. 1882 
Standard 14 July, The ultimatum then gave the choice of 
lis 1 or bombardment. ; 

Dismasrble, v. [Dis- 7.] ¢rans. To free from 
marble, divest of marble-like appearance. 

1830 W. Taviton Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry WU. 397 Dis- 
marbled, free, he stalks around. 1855 M. Axnotp Poems, 
Youth & Calm 3 There's nothing can dismarble now The 
smoothness of that limpid brow. 

+Dismarrch, v. Oés.  [ad. 16th c. F. des- 
marcth-er ‘to step, or goe, backe . . to retire. . loose 
ground’ (Cotgr.), f. des- Dis- 4 + marcher to 
Marcu.) zz¢r. ‘To march or fall back, to retreat ; 
to march off, retire. Hence + Disma‘rching 7/. s/. 

1596 Life Scanderbey 225 He [Scanderbeg] dismarched 
therefore with as great secrecy as possible. 1600 HoLttanp 
Livy u. \xiii. 86 The enemies..dismarched away [adeunt] 
as speedely as theycould. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 115 To 
dismarch from an enemy, was euer held dishonourable by a 
man of valour. 1635 BarriFre Jil. Discipl. \xxxii. (1643) 
234 Of dismarchin , or firing in the Reere. a 

+ Disma‘rch, sé. Obs. rare. [ad. 16th c. F. 
desmarche, f. desmarcher: see prec.] A retreat. 

1600 Hottanp Livy xxv. xxxili, 574 The enemie .. traced 
him hard at heeles in his dismarch [aéeuntium). 

ma‘rk, v. vare.  [ad. obs. F. desmarguer 
now démargue) ‘to take away the marke from’.] 
trans. To deprive of (distinguishing) marks. 

1632 Thomas of Reading in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) 1. 
146 ‘Then before the horse should go from thence, he would 
dismarke him, 1894 Blackw. May. Dec. 850/1 Before the 
horse left this, the man dismarked him, cropped his ears, etc. 

Disma‘rket,. [Dis-7b.] ‘vans. To deprive 
of the legal character and privileges of a market. 

1878 Daily News 13 Dec., The Court proposed to dismarket 
the two existing Leadenhall markets, and had .. applied to 
Parliament for the requisite powers. 

+Disma‘rry, v. Ols. rare. [ad. 16th c. F. 
desmarter ‘to diuorce, vnwed, or vnmarrie’ (Cotgr.), 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + marier to Mapry.] ¢rans. To 
annul the marriage of. 

1525 Lo. Berners Froiss. I]. cxc. [clxxxvi.] 583 He was 
dismaryed, and maryed agayne to another gentylwoman. 

, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans. 
To derange, disorder, throw into confusion. 

1630 Drumo. or Hawtn. Flowers Sion 31 What was dis- 
marshalled late .. Is now most perfect seen. 

+ Disma‘sk, v. O/s. ; 
‘to vnmaske, discouer, pull, or take off his maske’ 
(Cotgr.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + masgue Mask.] trans. 
To divest of a mask or covering ; to unmask. 

1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. v. ii. 296 Faire Ladies maskt, are 
Roses in their bud: Dismaskt..Are Angels vailing clouds, 
or Roses blowne. 1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 184 Their 
plausible pretences being now dismasked. 1633 T. Star- 
rorp Pac. Hib. i. (1821) 1 To dismaske themselves of that 
cloake of subjection which before they pretended. 1651 
Watton in Relig. Wotton (1672) 213 The Marquess .. 
thought best to dismask his Beard. 

Dismast (disma'st), v. [f. Dis- 7a + Masr 
sb.3 cf. F. démdter, obs. desmaster (1680 in Hatz.- 
Darm.).] ¢rans. To deprive (a ship) of masts; to 
break down the masts of. 

1747 Gentl. Mag. XVII. 486 She fired single guns at 
us, in order to dismast us. 1748 Amson's Voy. u. v. 172. 
1823 Lincarn //ist. Eng. V1. 17 His ship was quickly dis- 
masted by the superior fire of his adversary. ese | Prescotr 
Mexico (1850) 1. 200 A furious storm .. dismasted his ship. 

Hence Disma:sted /9/. a.; also Disma’stment 
(ch. F. démdtement], + Disma‘sture, the action of 
dismasting a ee 

1 Fatconer S. a yt 1. 749 The hull dismasted there 
awhile may ride. 1781 ArsutHnor in Westm. Mag. 1X. 265 
My letter .. will have acquainted their Lordships with the 
..dismasture of the Bedford, in a gale of wind. 1828 


fortress. 
mantled hulk. 
Disma 


~| Wensrer refers to Marsnat for Dismastment. 1868 Morris 


Earthly Par. 1. 98 Leaky, d d, a most helpless prey 
‘To winds and waves. 
Disma‘tch, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] “vans, Not 


to match or suit. Hence Disma‘tchment. 

1s9t Syivester Du Bartas 1. v. 907 Blush not (my book) 
nor think it thee dismatches,To beare about vpon thy paper- 
Tables, Flies, Butterflies, [etc.]. 1847 Mrs. Gore Caséles in 
the Air iv. (Hoppe), The dismatchment of the furniture. 

+ Dismaw’, v. Obs. rave. [Dis-70¢.] ¢rans. 
To empty out from the maw. 

1620 Suetton Quix, IV. vii. 50 You may dismaw all that 
you have in your troubled heart and grieved entrails. 

Dismay (dismé'), sé. [f. Dismay v. Cf. Sp. 
desmayo a swoon, dismay, B: desmaio a fainting 
fit, It. smago (Korti per iy rom the corresp. vbs. 

Utter loss of moral courage or resolution in pros- 
pect of danger or difficulty; faintness of heart from 
terror or from feeling of inability to cope with peril 
or calamity, 

1590 Spenser F, Q. u1. xi. 41 Awhile he stood in this aston- 
ishment, Yet would he not for all his great dismay Give over 
to effect his first intent. 1596 Suaks. A/erch. V. 1. ii, 61 
With much more dismay I view the fight, then thou that 


oing a vigorous process | 


[ad. obs. F. desmasquer 


DISMAYFULLY. 


mak’st the fray. Mitton P. ZL. u. 422 Each In other's 
count’nance red oy dismay. = Pirr 4ineid vu. 
(R.), Ev’n hell's grim shook dire dismay. 
Cowrer Jliad xu. 54 He no dismay Conceives or terror in 
noble heart. 1836 W. Irvine Astoria III, 56 Our unfor- 
tunate travellers, plated their situation .. in perfect 
dismay, 1838 Tuirtwatt Greece V. xl. 144 An eclipse of the 
sun spread universal dismay at Thebes. 1863 Gro. ELior 
Romola 1, xii, [She] lifted. .her hands in mute disma: “a 

b. Dismaying influence or operation. Oés. 

1594 Spenser A moretti \xxxvii, I wander as in darkenesse 
of _ night, Affrayd of every dangers least dismay. 1596 
— F.Q. V. ii. 50 Like as a ship, whom cruell tempest drives 
U a rocke with horrible dismay. 

i (dismé'-), v.t Forms: 3-4 demay(e, 
4 demay3e, desmai, 4-5 dismaye, dysmay, 4- 
dismay, (4~-6dismaie, 5 desmaye, dis-,dysamay). 
[Appears to represent anOF. or AF, type*desmaier, 
démaier (Palsgr. has a pa. pple: désmayé) = Sp. 
desmayar ‘to dismay, to discourage .. to swoune’ 
Minsheu), Pg. desmaiar, It. smagare ‘to trou- 
ble, to vexe, to annoy’ (Florio), Komanic type 
*dismagare, f, dis-, DIs- 4+ -mag-, app. ad. OHG. 
magan to be powerful or able (see May v.); cf. 
Amay, Esmay, representing the ordinary OF. form 
esmater :—*exmagire.] 

l. trans. To deprive of moral courage at the 
prospect of peril or trouble; to appal or paralyze 
with fear or the feeling of being undone; utterly 
to discourage, daunt, or dishearten, refi. + To be 
filled with dismay; to lose courage entirely. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 156 He wende forp, and so3te out 
here fon, Some heo fonde ligge ss heo demayde hem 
anon. 13.. Guy Warw. (A.) 1645 Nowe gop Gij sore des- 
maid, His woundes him han iuel afreyd. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. 
Knut. 470 Dere dame, to day demay yow neuer. ¢ 1350 Will. 
Palerne 3800 Pou3h bere be mani_mo ban 3e, dismaie 3¢ 
nou3t perfore. 1413 Pilger. Sowde (Caxton 1483) 1v. xxxviii. 
64 He helde hym self abasshed, and RS I c LypcG 
Chron. Troy V. xxxvi, In herte for loue disamayde. 1 
B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. wi. (1586) 154 That both 
his barking he may discover, and with his sight dismay the 
Theefe. 1615 J. Srernens Satyr. Ess. Avui, Let not this 
dismay Thee. 1781 Gipson Decl. & F. II. xlvi. 730 The 
enemies were dispersed and dismayed. Loner. Gold. 
Leg. 1. Chamber in Castle Vautsberg, 1 heard...Of your 
maladies.. Which neither astonished nor dismayed me. 

+ 2. To defeat or rout by sudden onslaught. Oés. 

(Cf. 1297 in 1.] 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. ii. 8 He. .there as- 
saies His foe confused. .That horse and man he equally dis- 
maies. /bid. v1. x. 13 When the bold Centaures made that 
bloudy fray With the fierce Lapithes which did them dismay. 

+3. intr. To become utterly discouraged or faint- 
hearted. Ods. 

21375 Foseph Arim. 31 Whon Ioseph herde per-of, he bad 
Res ind demay3en. ata Hawes Past. Pleas. xxx1v. v, Be 
of good chere, and for nothyeg dismaye. _ 1578 T. N. tr. 
Cong. W. India 227 For all those bragges Cortez dismaide 
not. 591 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, m. iii. 1 Dismay not (Princes) 
at this accident. 1596 J. Noxpen (¢/t/e), A Christian .. In- 
couragement vnto all English Subiects not to dismaie at the 
Spanish Threats. 

ay’, v.2 Obs. nonce-wd, [f. Dis- 7a + 
May sé.] trans. To strip of May-blossom, 

1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Vict. (1888) 99 And may, dis- 
mayed, Thy coronet must be. 

+ Dismayd, ff/.a. (In Spenser.) Explained 
by editors, for *dzsmade, i. e. mis-made, mis-shapen. 

1590 Srenser /*. Q. 11. xi. 11 Whose hideous shapes were 
like to feendes of hell, Some like to houndes, some like to 
Apes, dismayd. 

Dismayed (dismé'-d), sf/. a. Also 4 desmaid, 
6 dismade, 6-8 -mai(e)d. [f. Dismay v.! +-ED!.] 
Overwhelmed with fear, etc.; a gates. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron, ise) I, gia The Queene 
.. sate alone alowe.. all desolate, and ayed. 1561 
Hottysusun Hom. Apoth, 22a, Then is he halve dismade 
and heavy, 1624 Cart, Smitn Virginia v. 196 Newes was 
brought the Gouernor by a dismaied Messenger. 1743 

. Davivson 42xeid yin. 238 Then first our men behel 

‘acus dismaid. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 218 His 
ardent and unconquerable spirit .. soon roused the courage 
of his dismayed countrymen. ; 

. [f prec. + -nEss.] Dis- 
mayed state or condition ; utter dispiritedness. 

1571 GoLpinc Calvin on Ps, xxii. 2 Hereupon came that 
dissmaydnesse and dread, which compelled him too crave 
release of death. 1603 Hottanp P/utarch's Mor. 163 That 
shame and dismaiednesse which maketh us that we dare not 
looke a man jn the face. 1649 Winturor New Eng. (1853) 
I. 12 There appeared no fear or dismayedness amoung them. 
170r W. Wotton Hist, Rome i. 19 Never discovering per- 
plexity, dismayedness .. or distrust. 

er. [f. Dismay v.+-ER1.] One who 
dismays or appals. 

1594 Soutnwett I. Maga. Fun. Teares 26 What 
shee by their comming, but .. two dismayers of her ? 
ax62z Ainswortu Annot, Ps. liv. 5 (1639) 83 Daunting 
tyrants, terrible dismayers, as Saul and his retinue. 

i yful,«, [f, Dismay sé.+-ruL.] Full 
of or fraught with dismay ; appalling. ; 

¢ 1586 poy Pembroke Ps, cv. et For Sheerefull lightes 
dismayfull lightnings shine. 1596 Srunser F. Q. v. xi. 26 
Much dismay'd with that dismayfull 1628 R. Hopart 
Edw. 11, cix, In that sad_dismaifull of dying. 1876 
G. eee T. Wingfield vi, That thought of all most 
dismayful. anal 

Hence Dismay fully adv., in dismay. 

1596 Srenser /. Q. v. viii, 38 From which like mazed 
deare dismayfully they flew, 


ee 


DISMAYING. 


+ Dismay ing, vbl, sb. Obs. [f. Dismay v. + 
-1n¢}.] The action of the vb, Dismay ; daunting; 
dismay. 

13.. A. Adis. 2801 Men myghte ther y-seo hondis wrynge 

way, and gret dismayng. 1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. 
xlvi. 3 There is no cause of dismaying in y* faythfull. 16x1 
Buse Jer. xIviii. 39 So shall Moab be a derision, and a dis- 
maying to all them about him. 1666 Pepys Diary 4 July. 
It was pure dismaying and fear which made them all run 


upon the ‘ Galloper’. 
Disma: i Za. [-ING*.] That dismays. 
» Pp ) 


1653 GataKer Vind, Annot. Yer. 96 They fil mens heds 
with dismaying fears. 1816 Scorr BZ. Divar/ ii, They pre- 
sented themselves with a readiness which he felt to be some- 
what dismaying. 1817 Suettey Rev. /slam iu. xix, To tread 
life’s dismaying wilderness Without one smile to cheer. 

Hence + Dismay‘ingly adv. Ods. 

173t Baitey, Dismayingly, dishearteningly. 

mayl(e, obs. form of Dismal 7. 
+Dismay'ment. 0és. [f. Dismay z. +-MEN'.] 
= Dismay sd., dismaying. 

1600 F, Wacker SP. Alandeville 66b, He.. bad him be of 

ood courage, and shake off that dismaiment. a 1640 W. 
| oo Sacr. Faithfull (1648) 39 A base dismayment of 
spirit below or beneath the strength that is ina man. 1642 

ocers Naaman 45 Naaman heere had his dismaiments, 

Disme (daim), var. of Dime sé.andv. The sé., 
besides its historical use in the senses ‘ tenth’ and 
‘tithe’, is used, in the earliest Eng. book on the 
subject, for ‘Decimal arithmetic’, also aéfrz). or 
as adj. =‘ decimal’. 

1608 A. Norton (¢i#/e) Disme : The Art of Tenths, or De- 
cimall Arithmeticke. .invented by Simon Stevin. /ézd.Cj b, 
Disme is a kind of Arithmeticke, invented by the tenth pro- 
gression .. by which also all accounts .. are dispatched by 
whole numbers, without fractions or broken numbers. /di. 
Cijb, The numbers of the second and third Definitions be- 
fore-going [-364, ¢3759] are generally called Disme numbers. 
Lbid., There are 3 orders of Disme numbers giuen. 

+Dismeacnor, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7 + meanous 
in DemMeanour: cf. MISMEANOUR.] To misbehave, 
misconduct (oneself). 

1s98 Barrer Theor. Warres w. i. 102 ‘Vaking..care. . the 
souldiers dismeanour not themselues. 

+ Dismea‘surable, «. Ods. Also des-. [a. 
OF. desmesurable (in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + 
mesurable MEASURABLE.] Beyond measure, im- 
moderate, excessive. Hence Dismea‘surably adv, 
immoderately, excessively. 

1474 Caxton Chesse m1. vii. H viij, 1 make them liue in 
misery that I see lyue dismeasurably. ¢1477 — Yason 16 
‘To whom he gaf so demesurable a stroke in the middes of 
his shelde that he perced hit. /é/d. 31 To the knight.. 
he gaf a strook so dismesurably that he clefte his hede. 

T measure, @. Uds.vare. In 5 dysme- 
sure, [app. a, OF. desmesuré, pa. pple. of des- 
mesurer; see next.] = DISMEASURED. 

¢ 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 102 Pay shalle hate 
be as dysmesure. 

+ Dismea‘sure, v. Ods. [ad. OF. desmesurer 
(Godef.) to go to excess or beyond measure, f, des-, 
Dis- 4 + mesurer to MEASURE, Cf. Sp. desmesurar 
‘to be vnmeasurable, to be vnruly’ (Minsheu).] 
reft, To show want of moderation in one’s conduct. 

1598 Barrer Theor. Warres u. i. 19 It is his part to appre- 
hend the offenders, yet in such sort, that he dismeasure him- 
selfe with none, but execute the same with great moderation. 

+ Dismea‘sured, a. Os. Also des-, dys-. 
[f Dis- + MEAsuRED, repr. OF, desmesuré.] 

1. Unmeasured; out of measure; immoderate, 
excessive ; going beyond bounds, unrestrained. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 123/3, I..wende to haue saued 
the and thou art desmesured in worldly loue and flesshly. 
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M, Aurel. (1546) Bij, | wyll 
not that my penne bee so dismeasured to reproue so muche 
the aunciente men. 1585 T. Wasnincron tr. Nicholay’s 
Voy. 1. ix. 43 Sapho .. in a fury and rage of a love dis- 
measured, she cast her selfe.. into the Sea. 

b. Excessive in size, immense. 

1584 B. R, Herodotus 10b, A wyld bore strangely dis- 
measured and overgrowne. 

2. Wrongly measured ; in false measure. 

1574 HeLtowrs Gueuara's Fam. Ep. 50 To them he giueth 
all things variable, dismeasured, and by false weight. 

3. as adv. Immoderately. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 64 O Paynym, dysmesured al day 


thou vauntest the. 
Disme'ddle, v. Os. rare. [ad. ONF. des- 


medler, OF. desmesler, -meller ‘to loosse, open. . 


disintangle’ (Cotgr.), mod.F, déméler, f. des-, Dis- 
4+ medler, mesler, méler to mingle, mix.]  frans. 
To unfasten, loosen, disentangle. 


1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xiv. xiii, She opened her breste 
-.and dysmedlid her blonke heeris, 


ember (disme'mba1), v. Forms: 4-6 
dis-,dysmembre, 5 desmembre, 5- dismember; 
also 3-6 demembre: see DememBer. [a. OF. 
desmentbre-r (11th c, in Hatz,-Darm.), mod.F. dé- 
membrer = Pr., Sp., and It. desmembrar, It. di)s- 
membrare, med.L. dismembrare and démembrére, 
f, Dis- 4, DE- 6 + membrum limb.] 

1. “rans. To deprive of limbs or members ; to cut 
off the limbs or members of; to tear or divide limb 
from limb, (In quot. 1697, to castrate.) 


3297 R. Grouc. (1724) 559 Most reupe it was ido, Pat sir 
Simon pe olde man demembred was so, ¢ 1380 Six so 


469 


1159 Pat we ne scholde to depe gon, be hangid & to-drawe, 
Ouber be demembrid euerechoun. c¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 3488 
Dyssmembrit as marters, & murtheret to dethe. 1540-1 
Etyor /mage Gov. 46 Ye woulde with your owne handes 
dismembre hym_ & plucke him in pieces. @1618 Raveici 
Mahomet 42 biol Ataulpho entering ..dismembred of nose 
and ears, 1697 Porrer Antig. Greece u. iii. (1715) 204 
Some were so rigid Observers of the rules of chastity that. . 
they dismember’d themselves. 1725 Pore Odyss. ut. 32: 
Fowls obscene dismember'’d his remains, 1855 MAcAULAy 
Hist, Eng. VV. 286 To be torn with redhot pincers, smeared 
with melted lead, and dismembered by four horses. 

b. trausf. 

1705 STANHOPE Paraphr. IIL, 624 A never yet repaired 
dismembring of this ‘Tree. 1726 SueLvocke Voy. round 
World (1757) 257 Palm-cabbage is .. the head of this tree, 
which being cut off, and dismembered of its great spreading 
leaves, [etc.], 1830 J. G. Srrutr Sylva Brit. 93 Its branches 
are so tough as to withstand the fury of gales that would 
dismember most other trees. 1839 Murcuison Stlur. Syst. 
1, xxxi, 424 Their eruption dismembered the strata. 

+e. To carve: said in reference to herons and 
some other birds. Oés. 

1513 Lk. Keruynge in Babecs Bk. 265 Vermes of a Kerver.. 
Dysmembre that heron. 1514 Barc Cyt. & Uploudyshni. 
(Percy Soc.) p. xliv, The Kerver .. his Knife in his hande 
Dismembring a crane, or somewhat deynteous. 1804 FARLey 
Lond. Art Cookery (ed. 10) 293 ‘To dismember a Hern. Cut 
off the legs, lace the breast down the sides. 1885 ///ustr. 
Lond. News 10 Oct. 362/3. 

2. fig. To divide into parts or sections, so 
as to destroy integrity; to cut up, cut to pieces, 
mangle, mutilate; in recent use chiefly, ‘To divide 
and partition (a country or empire). 

1303 R. Brunne //anal. Synne 665 To swere grete opys.. 
As we folys do.. Dysmembre lesu alle pat we may, —¢ 1330 
— Chron. (1810) 313 Pe coroune forto saue Dismembred 
not a dele. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. exlvii. 133 So dyd 
this Charlis dismembre and cut or breke the enemyes of 
Fraunce throughe his hyghe prowesse. 1585 Aue. SANDYS 
Sernz, (1841) 246 Such doctrines as do either poison the 
church with heresy, or dismember and rent it asunder with 
schism. 1624 N. De Lawne tr. Du AMoulin's Logick 123 
He .. must dismember the said question into two parts. 
1734 tr, Rollin's Anc, Hist. (1827) 1. 168 His dominions were 
dismembered. 1840 Cakty.e //eroes iii, (1872) 106 Italy 
poor Italy lies dismembered, scattered asunder, not appez 
ing in any protocol or treaty us a unity at all. 1874 GREEN 
Short Hist. ii. § 2. 65 Mercia had been dismembered to pro- 
vide another earldom for his son. 

+3. To cut off, sever from the body (a limb or 
member). (In quot. 1616, ‘To mangle or mutilate.) 

1580 [see DisMemBERED ffé. a. 2]. 1601 Hoitann Pliny 
II. 423 When any part of the body is cut off or dismembred. 
1616 Surri. & Mark. Country Farime 126 The slitting of 
a horses nosthrils.. by dismembring the organ or instrument 
whereby he draweth vp the aire, doth breed in him a greater 
difficultie of breathing. 1675 ‘RAHERNE Chr. Ethics xx. 319 
A hand, or foot dismembred from the body. 1694 tr. J/7/- 
ton's Lett. State Feb. an. 1655 Wks. (1851) 339 The wresting 
of the Kingdom of Poland from Papal Subjection, as it 
were a Horn dismembred from the Head of the Beast, 

+b. fig. and transf. To cut off, separate, sever, 
from the main body: chiefly in reference tu a country 
or region. ? Obs, 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 922 ‘Vo dismember the other 
‘Towns of Boeotia from the city of Thebes. 1776 Ginzon 
Decl. & F. 1. xiii. 271 Britain was thus dismembered from 
the empire. 1802 R. Brookes Gazetteer (ed. 12) s.v. Polotsk, 
Part of a palatinate of Lithuania, dismembered from Poland 
by the treaty of partition in 1772. c1815 Jane AUSTEN 
Persuas, u. ii, Having dismembered himself from the 
paternal tree, 

4. [f. Dis- 7 b+ Mermser.] To cut off from mem- 
bership. 

1649 Prynne Vind. Liberty Eng. 10 The House of Com- 
mons. . having no move Authority to dis-member their fellow- 
members, then any Judges. .have to dis-judge,.their fellow 
Judges. 1683 T. Hunt Def Charter Lond. 42 Leave to 
go out of that Society, and dismember themselves. @ 1734 
Nortn Lives I. 175 The parliament met, and .. the new 
members were attacked .. and were soon dismembered by 
vote of the house. 1884 S. S. Seat in Solicitors’ Frul. 
8 Nov. 30/2 Becoming a defaulter ., would have involved 
his being dismembered from the Exchange. 

Hence Disme’mbering ///. a. 

1861 J. G. SHepparp Fadl Rome 1.59 Long before the dis- 
membering deed of Constantine. 

Disme-mbered, ///. «. [f. prec. +-xp!.] 

1. Deprived of members or limbs; divided limb 
from limb; cut or broken in pieces; mangled, 
mutilated. a. dé. 

1552 Huxorr, Dismembred or lackynge some lymmes. 
21656 Be. Hatt Vccas. Medit, (1851) 152 We have seen 
mountebanks, to swallow dismembered toads. 1752 Foorre 
Taste 1. (ed. 4) 25 Let me embrace the dear, dismember'’d 
Bust! 1827 Pottox Course 7. vin, Old vases and dis- 
membered idols. > 

b. transf. and fig. (In quot. 1578 of leaves: 
Divided, cut.) 

1578 Lyte Dodoens v. x\viii. 612 The leaves be almost lyke 
the leaves of Coriander, but dismembered and parted into 
smaller jagges or frengis. 1603 Knottes Hist. 7urks (1621) 
85 This dismembered empire, now in the hands of many. 
1862 S. Lucas Secularia = Dabioas fragments of a dis- 
membered truth. 

e. fer, Of a charge representing an animal : 
Depicted without limbs or members ; or, with the 
members separate from the body as if just cut 
off, 

1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 42 Howe many and sundrie 
wayes they [Lions] are borne in armes, as ,. Couped, Dis- 
membred, Vulned. 1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Dismembered, 


DISMEMBRATOR. 


in heraldry, is applied to birds that have neither feet nor 
legs ; us also to lions, and other animals, whose members 
are separated, 1882 Cussans //er. vi. 90 A Lion rampant 
dismembered is borne by the Maitland Family. 

+2. Cut off or severed, as a limb or member ; 
severed from the main body. Ods. 

1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 729 When these poor dis- 
membred members were brought to Rome, Antonius .. 
commanded his head and his hands shculd .. be set up 
over the pulpit. 1666 BoyLe Orig. Formes & Qual, ‘The 
dismembred part of the Plant may retain the texture of its 
more stable parts. 1820 W. Irvinc Sketch Bh, 1. 57 They 
are a dismembered branch of the great Appalachian family. 

Disme’mberer. Also 5 de-. [f. as prec. + 
-ER!.] One who or that which dismembers. 
(In Puttenham, the rhetorical figure DIALysis. ) 

1491 [see Demembrer]. 1589 PurteNHAM Eng. Poesie ut. 
xix. (Arb.) 230 #argin, Dialisis, or the Dismembrer .. A 
maner of speach not vnlike the dilemma of the Logicians. 
1865 W. Kay Crisis //upfeldiana 17 note, So much even the 
Dismemberers are compelled to allow. 1870 Daily News 
27 Sept., When... the famous ‘ dismemberer’ Frederick II, 
obtained impunity for his rape of Western Poland. 

Disme’mbering, 2?/. 5d. [f. as prec. + -ING!.] 

1. The action of the verb DisMEMBER; dismem- 
berment. 

€ 1386 CHaucer Pars. 7. P 517 For cristes sake ne swereth 
nat so synfully in dismembrynge of Crist, by soule, herte, 
bones, and body. 1563-87 Foxr 4. 4 Jf. (1596) 157/2 That 
no bishop nor .. clergie should be at the judgement of anie 
mans death or dismembring. 1612 Woopatt Surg. A/ate 
Wks. (1653) 2 In dismembring of the legge or arm below 
the knee or elbow, 1677 Govt, Venice 75 The dismembring 
of Bressia.. from the Dutchy of Milan. 1816 Kearince 
Trav. (1817) I. 244 Shooting, beheading, maiming, and dis- 
membering, all are executed as the monarch awards upon 
the spot. : 

+ 2. concer. A division into members; a separate 
member or part. Obs. rare. 

1603 FLorio WWoxtafene ut. x. (1632) 570 Of so many dis- 
membrings (Fr, #eméres] that Sufficiency hath, patience 
sufficeth us. 

3. attrib. 

1612 Woovait Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 3 ‘Vhe dismem- 
bring saw. 1715 Kersey, Désmembring-kuyc, a Surgeon's 
Instrument to cut off a Limb, etc. 

Dismemberment. [f Dismember v. + 
-MENT: cf, OF. desmembrement, mod. dé-.] 

1. The act of depriving of members or limbs, or 
of dividing limb from limb. 

1816 Kirsy & Sp. Lntomol. (1843) I. 45 The..dismember- 
ments and lingering deaths that insects often suffer. 1816 
Keatince 7yav. (1817) L. 245 Thus dismemberment is now 
the usual punishment for crimes, whereby death is supposed 
to _be earned. 

2. transf. and fiy. Division of a whole into parts 
or sections, so as to destroy its integrity ; cutting 
to pieces, partition (e.g. of a country or empire). 

1751 Botincproke /he Occasional Writer No, 11 (R.) 
‘To prevent the dismemberment of their monarchy. 1772 
«inn, Keg. 2 The present violent dismemberment and parti- 
tion of Poland. 1849 CosprEn Sfeeches 69 Now, don’t give 
faith to the idea... that self-government for the colonies is 
the same thing as dismemberment of the empire. 1866 
Feiton snc. § Mod. Gr. 1, vii. 111 Modern criticism has... 
attempted the same process of dismemberment as with the 
lliad, 

b. Separation trom the main body. vave. 

1838 Prescorr Ferd. § /s. (1846) I. ii, Aversion .. to the 
dismemberment of their country from the Aragonese mon- 
archy. /déd. I, v. 233 Isabella .. would not consent to the 
dismemberment of a single inch of the Castilian territory. 

@, quasi-concr. A detached part formed by sepa- 
ration from the main body. 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 98 Vhis order approaches 
more near to Urticea and Cupulifera: than either Platanex: 
or Salicinez, which may be considered dismemberments of 
it. 1873 Mivarr Llem, Anat, iv. 169 An extra bone which 
exists in many vertebrates..is most probably a dismember- 
ment of the scaphoid, : 

3. Expulsion or cutting off from membership. 

1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) III. 262 Reports from the 
Committee of Privileges and Dismemberment, 

Dissmembrate, 7. sae. [f. ppl. stem of 
med.L. désmembrare to DISMEMBER.] ¢vans. To 
disintegrate or dismember ; sfec. so as to separate 
the flour from the bran after grinding. 

1877 Specif. Patent No. 4099 (Pieper), The design of a 
sees by which the products obtained from roller mills 
may be finally reduced or ‘dismembrated’. 

+ Dismembra‘tion. Oés. [ad. med.L. ds- 
membration-em, n. of action f. désmembrare: see 
-ation. Cf, OF, demanbration (1366 in Godef.), 
and DEMEMBRATION,] = DISMEMBERMENT. 

1597 [see Dememsration). 1653 GaTAKER Vind, Annol. 
Jer. 175,A very maimed and mangled dismembration and 
deartuation, rather then division and distribution of it. 
1822 Scott Nigel xxx, Prosecuted on the lesser offence.. 
usque ad mutilationem, even to dismemberation. 

Dissmembrator. [agent-n. f. med.L. ais- 
mentbrare to DISMEMBER.] Something that dis- 
membrates or disintegrates; spec. an apparatus 
for separating flour from bran, after crushing in a 
roller mill. 

1877 Specif, Patent No. 4099 (Pie r) A dismembrator for 
flour mills, 188x 7Zzes 18 May 6h To divide and scatter 
the crushed meal..the meal passes through a dismem- 
brator, consisting of discs armed with pins or pegs, one 
rapidly rotating disc driving the stuff between the pins 
upon [another] stationary [disc]. 


'DISMERIT. 


+ Dismerrit,v. Os. [f. Dis-6 or 7a + Menir 
v, or sb.; cf. DEMERIT v. 2-4.] 


1. a. trans. To deprive of merit, take away the | 


merit of; =+DrMERIT v. 2. 
merit, incur blame; cf. Demerit zv. 4. 

1484 Caxton Fables of Ai sop u. xix, An almesse that is 
done for vayne glorye is not merited but dismeryted. 
Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman a’ Alf, u. 76 Neither my 
service dis-merited with My Lord, nor their friendship 
fayled me at my need. 

trans. To fail to merit; =DEMERIT v. 3. 

1622 Manse tr. Aleman's Guzman d'A yf. 1. 58 Since the: 
have dis-merited this [blessing] by disobedi I 
tr. Fonseca’s Dev. Contempl. 409 Our Sauior..would therby 
giue her occasion to confesse her fault, and not to dismerit 
the mercie that was offered vnto her. 

+ Dismettled, 7//. a. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7 a.] 
Deprived or devoid of mettle ; spiritless. 

1650 Luewetiyn Pref. Verses F. Sare st Posthuma, 
Graie Customs which our dead dismettled sloth Gave up. 

+ Dismi-ght, v. Obs.rare. [Dis- 7a.) ¢rans. 
To deprive of might, render powerless. 

¢1586 C’ress Pembroke 7's. Ixxi. vii, Make them fall 
disgraced, shamed, All dissmighted, all diffamed. 

+ Dismi-ngle, v. 0s. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans. 
To extricate, disentangle (=F. déméler). 

Bf Gare 7rue Idea Fansenisme go Things being thus 
dismingled and differenced. | 

Disminion, disminister, ws. : see Dis- 7 b. 

Dismiss (dismi's), v. Pa. t. and pple. dis- 
missed; in 5-7 dismyste, -mist. [app. f. L. 
dimtss- ppl. stem of dimittére to send away (see 
Dimit) with the prefix altered to D1s- after the 
already existing Dismit, OF. desmetre. It appears 
to occur first in the pa. pple. désméssed, used 
by Caxton (see sense 3) to render the OF. pa. pple. 
desmis (=L. dimissus), and it is probable that 
this was the way by which dismiss became at 
length the accepted Eng. repr. of L. diméttére in 
all its senses. It was preceded in use by Dismir, 
and had to contend in 16-17th c. with the etymo- 
logically more regular forms Diit, DrMiss, as 
well as Demir v.2 (from F. démettre.] 

1. trans. To send away in various directions, 
disperse, dissolve (a gathering of people, etc.); to 
disband (an army, etc.). 

1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Alcs xix. 41 He dismissed the as- 
semblie. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 1v. i. 104, I may dismisse 
this Court. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. vi. 16 Rely- 
ing on this Treaty of Peace he dismist his Army. 1673 
Ray Journ. Low C. Venice 181 After this .. the Council is 
dismist. 1784 Cowper 7¢roc. 624 Dismiss their cares when 
they dismiss their flock. 1819 SHELLEY Cenci 1. iii. 93 For 
God's sake Let me dismiss the guests ! 

b. zxtr. (for ref.) To disperse from ordered 
assembly ; to break ranks by word of command. 

rae d A. Apamin Scott Fam. Lett, (1894) I. 155 He. .added 
faintly, ‘ But it grows dark, very dark, the boys may dismiss’. 
1837 Cartyce /'r, Rev. vii. ix. (1872) 1. 240 Finally the Na- 
tional Assembly is harangued. .and dismisses for this night. 
1859 Gen. P. THomrson Audi Alt. II. xcviii. 86 A ministry, 
which .. scatters the boasted counsellors, like a battalion 
on the word ‘ Dis-miss’. 

2. trans. To send away (a person) ; to give per- 
mission to go; to bid depart. 

1548 Haut Chron., Edw. /V’. (an. 10) 214 b, So with fayre 
wordes..he dismissed the messengers. 1593 SHAKS. 3 //ex. 
VI, 1. ii. 78 Please you dismisse me, eyther with I, or no. 
1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 108 We can .. dismiss thee ere the 
Morning shine. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 50 
To dismiss my visitor, 1847 Tennyson Princ. 1v. 341 Your 
oath is broken: we dismiss you: go. 

b. ¢ransf. To send forth (a thing); to let go; 
to give issue or egress to. 

r6or Suaks. Ful. C.1. iii. 97 Life being wearie of these 
worldly Barres, Neuer lacks power to dismisse it selfe. 
1670 Cotton Esfernont. 11. 116 In a moment he vomited 
out a life, that ought not to have been dismist, till after the 
horror of a thousand torments, 1768 HAwkesworTH tr. 
Télémague xv. (1784) 144/2 As a slinger whirls a stone that 
he would dismiss with all his strength. 1854 Owen in 
Cire. Se. \q 1865) 11. 65/2 They dismiss the great optic nerves 
by a notch. 

. To send away or remove from office, employ- 
ment, or position; to discharge, discard, expel. 
Const. from, t+ of, and double obj. 

€1477 Caxton Fason 80 Zethephius dismissed of his office 
+. attemprid his corage..so well..that{etc.]. 1481 in Ang. 
Gilds (1870) 313 To be thysmyste from the forsayde frater- 
nyte. 1§79 Lyty Auphues (Arb.) 194, I meane shortly to 
sue to the Empresse to be dismissed of the court. 1692 
Luttret. Brief Rel, (1857) Il. 369 Yesterday Sir John 
Lowther was dismist the treasury. a@17zoo Drypen 70 
Ld. Clifford (L.), He soon dismiss'd himself from state 
affairs. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IL. iv.72 They dismissed 
them the society. 1874 Green Short //ist. viii. § 2. 477 The 
‘oe — . those of his ministers who still opposed 
. erpaes : ‘ A 

. To discharge from service (a hired vehicle, 
etc.). 

1600 E. Brount tr. Conestaggio 299 Yet did they not 
dismisse their hired ships. sap Manstar Japhet jase 1375 
I dismissed the coach. E 

+4. To deprive or disappoint of or from some 
advantage. Cf. 10a. Obs, 

cx ‘AXTON Sonnes of Aymon xx. 445 He was dys 
myssed of his pur r pes Trav. (Arb.) 22 The 
Turke .. might, if he would, dismisse them cleane from 


| Gall 


470 


Litucow Trav. 1. 104 The 
leys .. durst not enter the harbour .. The Florentines 
being dismissed of their Galleys, grew discouraged. 

5. To release or discharge from confinement. 


hauing any water at all. 


b. intr. To lose | _ [Dysmysse in Hatliwell’s ed. of Coventry Myst. (1841) 315 


| is an alteration cf the MS. dymysse.) 


| sacre Irel.2 The Priests gave the People 


16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. \xvi. 227 Persons 
taken and imprisoned upon excommunication are ordinarily 
dismist without satisfaction to the Prelate. 1709 Srryre 
Ann. Ref. I. i. 38 So to dismiss them, and set them at 
liberty. 1783 J. C. Smyrn in Aled. Commun. 1 146 She 
-. was dismissed the hospital, perfectly cured. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. 

1591 Syivester Du Bartas 1. i. (1641) 7/2 Blushing Aurora 
had yet scarce dismist Mount Libanus from the Nights 
gloomy Mist. 1839 De Quincey Recoll. Lakes Wks. 1862 
Il. 29 Sometimes a fall from the summit of awlul precipices 
has dismissed them from the anguish of perplexity .. by 
dismissing them at once from life. 

6. To discard, reject; es. (as Latin dimittére) 
to put away, repudiate (a wife). Also adsol. 

1610 SuaKs. Zemp. iv. i. 67 Broome-groues; Whose 
shadow the dismissed Batchelor loues. 1614 Br. Haut 
Recoll. Treat. 473 Whether the wronged husband .. should 
retaine, or dismisse; dismissing, whether he may marry. 
1625 Burces Pers. Tithes 34 God.. hath dismissed Leui, 
and repealed that Law of Tithes. 1649 Br. Hatt Cases 
Consc. 393 Breach of wedlock .. for which only had they 
dismissed their wives. 1834 S. Gosat Abyssinia 346 When, 
therefore, a man has dismissed his third wife. 

. To put away, lay aside, divest oneself of, get 
rid of. (Now vare with regard to things material.) 

1675 Howses Ortyssey (1677) 162 [Gods] can their form 
dismiss, And, when they will, put on a new disguise. 1683 
Mrs. Benn Young Ning v. i. 53 Dismiss her fetters, and if 
she please Let her have Garments suitable to her sex. @ 1700 
Dryven Ovid's Met.1. (R.) The crafty God His wings 
dismiss'd, but still retain’d his rod. 1772 Jounson Lett. 
to Mrs. Thrale 9 Nov., This will soon dismiss all incum- 
brances ; and dt no interest is paid, you will begin 
annually to lay up. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) 1. 
xxviii. 325 That the architrave shall entirely dismiss its 
three meagre lines. 

8. ‘To put away from the mind, leave out of con- 
sideration, cease to entertain (ideas, emotions, etc.). 

1592 Suaks. ben, & Ad. 425 Dismiss your vows, your 
feigned tears. 1657 Mitton P. LZ. 1. 282 Dismissing quite 
All thoughts of Warr. 1697 Dryven Virg. Past. vil. 10 
He, smiling, said, Dismiss your Fear. 1784 Cowrer Zask 
\1. 442, Man may dismiss compassion from his heart, But 
God will never. 1884 Wanch. Exam. 17 June 5/1 We may 
dismiss any apprehension that the political affairs of Egypt 
will be taken in charge. ‘ : 

+ b. To allow to pass out of mind ; to forgive ; 
to forgo. Obs. 

1603 Suaxs. A/eas. rig MM. u. ii, 102 ‘Those.. which a 
dismis'd offence would after gaule. 1786 Westey Wks. 
(1872) 1V, 345 The Elders of his Church .. would dismiss 
my proinise. 

9. To pass from the consideration or the literary 
treatment of (a subject), to have done with, bring 
to an end ; hence to treat of summarily. 

1698 Fryer Acc. E. /nd.& P. 47 Before we dismiss this Dis- 
course, it may be noted [etc.]. 1709 Berxetey 7%. Vision 
$ 40 Before we dismiss this subject. 1711 Appison Sfect. 
No. 110 P 7, I shall dismiss this Paper with a Story out of 
Josephus. 1873 Tristram Moaé v 70 Both De Saulcy and 
.ynch have dismissed Kerak very shortly. 

10. Law. +a. refl. (with of or inf.) To relieve 
or free oneself from (a legal burden) ; to deprive 
or exclude oneself from (a legal advantage). Ods. 

1562 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxxi. 356 Thereby to be 
dismissed of all action of debt or trespass. 1§74 tr. Little- 
ton's Tenures 53b, Shee hathe utterlye dismissed her selfe 
to have anye parte of the tenementes. a 1626 Bacon Jar. 
§ Uses Com. Law xvii. (1636) 64 The Court may dismisse 
themselves of discussing the matter by examination. — 
Perkins Prof. Bk. v. § 448. 193 The husband doth presently 
dismisse himselfe of the po i 

b. To send out of court, refuse further hearing 
to, reject (a claim or action). 

1607 Suaxs. Cor. 1. i. 85 You .. dismisse the Controuersie 
bleeding. 1713 Swirt Cadenus & Vanessa Wks. 1755 111. 
u. 5 Therefore he humbly would insist, The bill might be 
with costs dismist. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 352 ‘The 

ppeal should be dismissed and the decree affirmed. 1891 
Law Times XC11. 93/2 The plaintiff s action was dismissed 
with costs. ; 

Hence Dismissed (dismi'st) A//. a., Dismi'ssing 
vbl. sb. 


1603-10 [see 8 b, 6, above). 1611 Corcr., Manumission, 
a ission, or dismissing. 1627 [see Dismisston 2b). 
1824 L. Murray Eng. Grant, (ed. 3 I. 266 ‘ What is the 
reason of this person’s dismissing of his servant so hastily?’ 

+ Dismi'ss, sd. Os. [f. prec. vb.] An act of 
dismissing, a dismissal ; also, a document embody- 
ing a dismissal. 

1589 Raveicu Let. in N. § Q. Ser. 1. IV. 3 Order from the 
Queen for a dismis of their cavelacions. 1618 L. Parsons 
in Lismore Papers (1887) Ser. u. IL. 154, I send away this 

«+ With dissmiss hereinclosed. Miron 
Tetrach, Wks. 1738 I. 265 Provided that the dismiss was 
not without reasonable conditions to the Wife. 1678 A7as- 
a dismiss at Mass. 
a De For Review 17 Feb, in Arb. Garner VII. 624 At 
the dismiss of their work. 

Dismissal (dismi'sal). [f. Dismissz, + -Aau; cf. 
committal, refusal, upheaval. A recent word equi- 
valent to, and now tending to displace the more 
regular DisMIssioN.] =DISMIssION, q.v. for de- 
tail of senses. ‘ 

Not in Jounson or Asn. 1818 Topp, Dismissal, a word 


DISMISSION. 


of recent use for dismission. 1825 Jamieson, Dismissal, 
Mr. Todd has introduced this as ‘a word of recent usage 
for dismission ’. eget ies hope Ser yep 4 

a 1806 Br. Horsey Serm. xxxviii. (1826) 468 ‘Send her 


away’, that is, t her petition, and give her her dismissal. 
1816 Scorr Old Mort. chav pene prc, ie the possibility of 


' such athingas dismissal. 1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys Forces 


3 (L.) Requesting. .dismissal from the minds of my readers 
of preconceived views. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 
His dismissal produced a 1885 Wee 
Notes 28 Mar. 67/1 Notwithstanding the dismissal of the 
action. J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xvi. 120 
This patient has returned since dismissal [from hospital]. 

attrib, 1891 Pall Mali G. 5 Mar. 6/1 ‘The matron's 
exercise of her dismissal powers. 

ible (dismi‘sib’l), a. Also -able. 

f. DisMiss v., on analogy of fermiéssible: see -BLE.] 

iable to be dismissed or discharged. 

1824 L.xaminer 422/2 A motion .. for the dismissal of the 
Recorder—if he be dismissable. 1863 Sat. Rev. 370 A Ki 
dismissible on proof of legal crime. 1876 Grant Burg. 
Sch. Scotl. u. xii. 322 The teachers .. are appointed 
dismissible by the rector. 

Dismi'ssing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING °. 
That dismisses. Hence Dismi‘ssingly adv., wi 
a tendency to dismiss. 

1802 Spirit Pub. Frnis. (1803) V1. 233 He received his 
dismissing fee of five guineas. 1880 G. Merepitn 7rag. 
Com. xvii. (1892) 236 She..very bluntly and dismissin 
felt now that his madness was at its climax. 

Dismission (dismi‘fan). [n. of action from 
Dismiss v., corresponding to L. dimdsstén-em and 
OF. desmission ‘ dismissing, forgoing, resignation ’, 
etc. (Cotgr.), mod.F. démzssion renunciation. See 
the doublets Diissron and Demission ?.] The 
action of dismissing ; the fact of being dismissed. 
Now largely replaced in all senses by the equivalent 
DISMISSAL, q.v. 

1. The formal dispersion, or sending away in 
various directions, of an assemblage of persons; 
disbanding of troops. 

a 1646 J. Grecory De Aris et Epochis in Posthuma (1650) 
139 The Indictions began at the verie dismission of t 
Nicene Council. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 252 
‘To content themselves with that dismission of the new 
‘Troops, which was already made. 1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4840/2 
The Diet. .had this Daya final Dismission, 1798 WELLESLEY 
in Owen Desf. 56 The dismission of the French corps 
at Mauritius would yaa other adventurers of that 
nation, 1825 Sporting Mag. XVI. 406 Watching their twelve 
o'clock dismission from school. 

2. The sending away of a person; permission to 
go, leave to depart; often in earlier use, formal 
leave-taking. 

1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues & V., Busie-Bodie 81 Hee 
runnes to them..and after many thanks and dismissions is 
hardly intreated silence. 16: aLuiGn Hist, World n. 250 
After this dismission of Hobab, Israel to march to- 
wards the Desarts. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 
190 The King..in presence of all the Court, gives him a dis- 
mission. 1703 MAuNDRELL Fourn. Ferus. (1721) 31 To give 
a civil di to the visi - 3791 Cowrer Odyss. xv. 
19 From brave Menel Di hence. 

b. A sending away from, or ushering out of, life. 

1627 Donne Serm. xxviii. 282 There falls .. a Dismission, 
a dismissing out of this world. N. Marner in C. Mather 
Magn, Chr, (1853) 11. 168 Dissolution. .is but adismission of 

Juv. (2789) 


the spirit into its happiness. 1734 Watrs Relig. 
126 Give me a glorious dismi into that Hectual 
blissful world. 1795 Gispon A utodbiog. 92 The final dismission 
of the hero through the ivory gate. 

3. Deprivation of office, dignity, or position ; 
discharge from service. P ‘ gis 

1547 Wriotnestey Chron, (1875) I. 187 Synce ismis- 
sion of my Lord Wriothesley, late Chauncelor. Minton 
Hist. Eng. u. Wks. (1851) 76 He was fain at length to seek 
a dismission from his charge. 1754 Ricuarpson Grandison 
(1781) VIL. vi. 27 The power, alee of change or dismission 
thro’ the house, is entirely yours. 1816 Scott Old Mort, 
Pains, penalties, and threats of dismission were denounced 
in vain, 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 431 To be punished 
by dismission from the public service. " é 

b. The written or spoken form of words in which 
such discharge is couched. rR 

1606 SHaxs. Ant. §& CZ. 1. i. 26 Your dismission Is come 
from Caesar, therefore heare it Anthony. 1679 Crowne 
Ambit. Statesm. 1. 1 A soft dismission stuft with downy 
words. 1786 Mav. D'Arsiay Diary 8 Aug., The general 
form of the dismission .. is in these words. 

4. Release from confinement ; setting free, libera- 
tion, cobeaee. 

1609 Bistx (Douay) Lev. xvi. 10 That, whose lotte was to 
be the goate of dismission. 1642 Rocurs Naamax 319 The 
Jew .. slave .. at his dismission was to have a grat ity paid 
him. 1709 Strvre Ann. Ref. I. i, 38 marg., Order for dis- 
mission of prisoners in the Queen’s bench. ‘ 

attrib, 1777 Howarn Prisons Eng. (1780) 244 The dis- 
mission fee of each prisoner discharged out of custody. 

5. Rejection, discarding; esf. repudiation or put- 
ting away of a wife. 


1611 Suaks. Cymd, u1. iii. 57 You in all obey her, Saue when 
d to your dismission tends. 1 wr0Nn Divorce 
Law of dis- 


from the mind. . = SE 

1742 Younc Nt. Th. v. cou quic ‘is- 
dan cf oer grief. 2. ounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 
107 The rectitude yden’s mind was sufficiently shewn 
by the dismission of his poetical prejudices. 1830 Herscnet 


2): Z 


DISMISSIVE. 


Stud, Nat. Phil. § 70 To demand of him an instant and 
peremptory dismission of all his former opinions. 
sive (dismi‘siv), @ [f. Dismiss v. + 

-IvE.] Of the nature of, or characterized by, dis- 
missal; tending to dismiss; valedictory. 

1645 Mitton Tetvach, Wks. (1851) 221 The law of Moses 
. only requires the dismissive writing without other caution. 
1683 O. U. Parish Ch. no Conventicles 32 The /te missa, or 
dismissive Blessing. 1888 A. S. Witson Lyric Hopeless 
Love 13t The loves peruse the leaf To find no revelancy 
there Dismissive of unsolved despair. 
+Dismi‘ssment. 0s. [f. as prec. +-MENT.] 
= DisMIssion, DISMISSAL. 

1go1 Horsey 77av. (Hakl. Soc.) 204 Glad of so peaceable 
adismistment. 1650 T. Bayty Herba Parietis 20 Maxi- 
manus asked .. what she meant by that strange picture... 
adding, moreover, the dismisment of the artist. 


Lismissory (dismi'sori), a. (sd.)  [f. Disass 
v.: see Diissory.] Of or pertaining to dismis- 
sion or leave-taking ; parting, valedictory ;=D1- 
MISSORY TI, 2. 

1647 Trapp Comm. Matt. xxvi. 30 This [Psalm] they began 
to sing after that dismissory cup. 1664 H. More JZyst¢. 
Jnig. 104 Ordained without Letters dismissory. 

+B. sd. (p/.) = Dimissory sd. 

1716 M. Davirs Athen. Brit. ui. Crit. Hist. 87 Dis- 
missories or Certificats of the Orthodox Ethicks of the 
Bearer. 

+Dismi‘t,v. Ods. Also 4 dismette, 4-5 dis-, 
dysmytte. fapp. a latinized adaptation, through 
dismette, of OF, desmetre, repr. a late pop. L. type 
dismittére instead of cl. L. dimittére (cf. Dismr).] 

1. trans. To send away, dismiss; to let go, re- 


lease; = DimIT vz. 1. 

1382 Wyc.iF Acts ili. 13 Whom 3e.. denyeden bifore the 
face of Pilate, him demynge for to he dismyttid [Vulg. 
dimitti) or left. /bid. xvii, 10 Bretheren dismittiden Poul 
and Silas in to Beroan, 

2. refl. To divest or deprive oneself of; to sur- 
render, relinquish. Cf, Dismiss v. 10 a. 

13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 536 As longe as pou 
may3t holde in honde, Dismette pe nou3t of pi londe 
(Fr. Zaunt cum poyes aleyne trere, Ne vus demettes de 
vostre tere] 1304 Recognizance in Collect. Top. & Gen. 
(1836) ILI. 257 We hadde ous fulliche dismettyd of the same 
londis. c¢ 1440 Partonope 7372 Gaudynand Aupatryse Have 
dyssmyttyde him clene of ihe pryse. 1496 Dives §& Paup. 

. de W.) 1v. iv. 164/1, I wolde not counseyll theym fully 
to dysmytten them of her good. 

+ Dismortgage, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7 a.] 
trans. Yo free trom mortgage, disencumber. 

1640 Howe tt. Dodona’s G. (1645) 52 He dismorgag’d the 
Crown demeans, 

Dismount (dismawnt), v. [f. Dis-6 + Mounr 
v.: perh. after OF. desmonter (12-13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), mod.F, démonter=1t. dismontare, Sp. 
desmontar, med.L. dismontare (Du Cange). Cf. 
also obs. doublet Demount, from 15th c. French. ]} 

I. tutransitive. 

1. To come down from a height; to descend. 

1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 315 The bright Sunne 
gynneth to dismount, 1 Greene A/enaphon (Arb.) 60 
Cupide [had] dismounted from his mothers lappe, left his 
bow, and quiuer at random. 7 Crowne Destr. Feru- 
salem 1. Song, Dram. Wks _ 1873 II. 242 Day is dismounted 
on the watery plain. 1738 Pork Odyss. xx. 76 If dismounted 
from the rapid cloud, Me with his whelming wave let 
Ocean shrowd ! 

2. To get down, alight (froma horse or other 
animal; also, formerly, from a vehicle). 

(1533 Bettenven Livy 11, (1822) 295 Incontinent the hors- 
men of twa legionis .. demountit haistilie fra thare hors.] 
I Suaks. 77t. A. v. ii. 54, I will dismount, and by the 

aggon wheele, Trot like a Seruile footeman. 1598 Barret 
Theor. Warres w. i. 102 Neither yet in the day of battell 
ought he to dismount. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. 
Shaks. (1878) 1. 251 Dismount thee Muly from thy chariot 
wheels. x697 Dryven Virg. Georg. Ded. (1721) 1. 189 He 
..dismounted from the Saddle. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4151/3 
Their Dragoons dismounted. 1788 Gipson Decl. §& /. 1. 
(1846) V. 16 He a? dismounted to present the pilgrim 
with his camel. 1832 W. Irvine A /haméra II. 174 Every 
horseman was obliged to dismount at the gate. 

Jig. 3817 Keats Lett. Wks. 1889 III. 95, I am in a fair 
way now to come to a conclusion .. I shall be glad to dis- 
mount for a month or two. 

b. spec. of a stallion. 

1674 N. Cox Gen/‘l. Recreat. v. Mine 17 Cold water to 
throw on the Mare’s Shape, immediately on the dismount- 
ing of the Horse. 

II. transitive. 

3. Tocomedownfrom (a height or elevated place) ; 
to descend. Ods. (exc. as associated with next.) 

1589 Gold, Mirr. (1851) 10 Dismounting thus the hill, 
I di re. 1620 QuarLes Jouah in Farr S. P. Yas. I 
(1848) 131 Hestraight dismountsh’s throne. 1658 R. Franck 
North. Mem. (1821) 33 It’s only dismounting our apartments 
to mount our horses. 1844 [see DismountiNc below]. | 

4. To get off, alight from (a horse, etc.). © 


¢1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 30 Dismount your .. 


steeds. 1638 Sir T. Herpert 77av. (ed. 2) 96 Hee is made 
to dismount his Elephant. 1859 Reeve Brittany 236 A 
Peasa just di d his white horse. 

-5. (causal) To throw down from a horse, etc. ; 
to unseat, unhorse. 

1599 Suaxs. Hen, V, m1. vii. 84 Your Horse .. would trot 
as well, were some of your bragges dismounted. 1633 
P. Fietcuer Purple Ist. x1. xx, The Martial Virgins spear 
+» dismounts her foe on dustie plain. 1667 Mitton 7. Z. 


471 


vit. 19 Least from this flying Steed unrein’d .. Dismounted, 
on th’ Aleian Field I fall. 1838 Lytton Lez/a u. ii, Several 
of his knights were dismounted. ; 

b. To deprive of horses; the opposite of soznt 
= to supply with horses. 

1866 W. Watson Vouatt’s Horse vi. (1872) 122 Diseases 
that used to dismount whole troops. Tees 

6. To remove (a thing) from that on which it has 
been mounted ; esf. to take or throw down (a gun 
or cannon) from its carriage or other support, either 
deliberately for tactical purposes, or by hostile 
missiles. 

1544 Exped. Scot?. Biij/t One of our peices, with shotte 
out of the sayde castel, was stroken and dismounted. 1585 
T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xix. 22 They burst one 
of their best peeces, and dismounted foure other. 1625 
Markuam Soldier's Accid. 26 Dismount your Musquet, and 
carrie it with the Rest. 1659 D. Pett Jfpr. Sea 542 Trees 
are rent up by the roots, and out-housing dismounted. 1707 
Lond, Gaz. No. 4359/2 One of our Ships. .had dismounted 
‘Two oftheir Batteries. 1845 S. Austin Rawke's Hist. Ref. 
II. 345 Part of their cannon. .they dismounted and placed on 
mules. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 46/1 A. whole 
drawer-full of mounted shells may, by bad handling, be 
dismounted from their tablet atone shock, 

7. To take (a thing) out of that in which it is set 
or enclosed; to remove (a gem, etc.) from its set- 
ting or ‘mount’; to take (mechanism) from its 
framework, take to pieces. + Desmount thy tuck 
(Shaks.): draw thy rapier from its sheath, 

r6ox Suaxs. 7wel. N. in. iv. 244. 1683 Burnet tr. AZore’s 
Utopia (1685) 98 Nor will Men buy it [a precious stone] 
unless it be dismounted and taken out of the Gold. 1859 
Musketry Instr. 13 When the lock is dismounted. 

8. To set, put, or bring down from an elevated 
position ; to lower. ? Oés. (In 1597 fig. from 6.) 

1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl, 281 His watrie eies he did 
dismount, Who-e sightes till then were leaueled on my 
face. 1633 G. Hersert Temple, A/an iv, His eyes dis- 
mount the highest starre. 1665 Sir T. Herserr 77av, 
(1677) 66 ‘he Doolaes were no sooner dismounted, but that 
thereout issued the Amazones. 1742 Younc Nt. 7h, vu. 
1192 Sorceries of Sense .. Dismount her [the soul] from her 
native Wing. F 

+9. fig. (largely from 5): a. To bring down 
from lofty position or high estimation; to cast 
down, lower, debase. Ods. 

1608 Day Law Trickes v. (1881) 81 Now Daughter make 
thee fit To combat and dismount her actiue wit. 1654 
WurtLock Zootomia 447 ‘The positive Detractor .. dis- 
mounts the most merited Reputation with some But. a 1718 
Penn Maxims Wks. 1726 I. 824 Drunkenness .. spoils 
Health, dismounts the Mind, and unmans Men. 

b. To reduce to an inferior position, degrade, 


depose (a person). Ods. 

1607-12 Bacon Ess., Superstition (Arb.) 342 But Super- 
sticion dismountes all this [Sense, Philosophy, Piety, etc.] 
and erecteth an absolute Tyranny, in the minde of Men. 
165r N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. xiii. (17 9) 69 Dukes 
were dismounted without conviction. @ 1677 Barrow Serv. 
(1687) I. xxv. 344, Did not Samuel exercise such a charity, 
when.. injuriously dismounted from h:s authority ? 

+10. To reduce toa plain; tolevel. Obs. rare". 

1563 SACKVILLE /uduct. to Mirr, Mag., Xerxes .. Dis- 
mounted hills, and made the vales uprear. 

Hence Dismou nting vé/. 5b. and Zf/. a. 

1560 WHITEHORNE Ord. Souldiours (1588) 36 To saue the 
saide artillerie from dismounting. 1654 WuHiTLocK Zoo- 
tomta 446 Cold Praise .. or Interruption of it, with a Dis- 
mounting But. 1677 Gitpin Demonol, (1867) 272 Intended 
for the dismounting of the confidence of the wicked. 1844 
Disraeti Coningsby 1. i. (L.', The number of stairs .. the 
time their mountings and dismountings must have absorbed. 
1870 Daily News 11 Nov., The dismounting of the heavy 
battery on the bank of the Rhine... commenced yesterday. 

Dismow nt, sé. [f. prec. vb ] An act or method 
of dismounting. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes i. viii. 123 A Tournament, [led] 
to an Over-turne ; that,toa Dismount. 1886 Cyclist 6 Oct. 
1325/t The pedal dismount is the best for this form of 
bicycle. 1888 Chicago Advance 5 July, Frequent dismounts 
{from bicycle] in connection with a hot pace, are fatiguing. 

Dismownted, A//. a. [f. Dismount v. + -ED !.] 
a. Off one’s horse; not on horseback. b. Of a 
cannon: Dislodged from its carriage. 

1610 Guitum Heraldry wv. xiv. (1611) 225 He beareth 
argent, a culuering dismounted. 1724 Dr For Mem. Cava- 
Zier (1840) 232 Our dismounted men .. lined the edge of 
the wood. 1765 Univ. Mag. XX XVII. 85/1 The barrel of 
a dismounted gun. 1886 A/anch. Exani. 19 Jan. 5/6 A dis- 
mounted party of the same regiment. 

+ Dismo've, v. Os. In 5 dis-, dys-meve, 
-moeue. [ad. OF. desmoveir, desmo(u voir (14th 
c, in Godef.), mod.F. démouvoir, ad. 1.. dismovére, 
variant (and Romanic form) of dimovére, f. dis-, 
Dis- I + movére to move, For the vowel change 
(-meve) see MovE.] ¢rans. To move away, re- 
move. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Metam. xv. ix, To dismeve away 
her sorowe. 1491 —Vitas Paty. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 234. 2 
The montayne of £yon .. whiche shall be neuer dismoeued. 
1611 Ficrio, Scomonere, to dismooue, to disorder. 

Dismu‘rdered, -murderized, A//. adjs. 
nonce-wds. [D1s-7b.] Divested of the character 
of murder; pronounced to be not murder. 

1817 BentHaM Parl. Reform Introd. 140 xote, The com- 
mission of legally dismurdered murders. /did., The per- 
petration of the dismurderized murders. 

Dismyssaries, var. Drmissarizs, Ods. 


| 
| 
| 


DISNULL. 


+ Dismy'stery, v7. Ods. rave. [Dis- 7a or b.] 
trans. To divest ot mystery. 

1649 Butue Eng. Improv. Impr. 45 No _man.. hath 
published any thing. .to dismystery the same [draining}. 

Disna, Sc.=does not; see Do v. 

+ Disna‘tural, «. Obs. [ad. OF. desnature! 
(in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + naturel NaTuRAL a.] 
Contrary to nature, unnatural. 

[1292 Britton 1. xxxii. § 22 Si tiels clers.. soint a eus 
desnaturels]. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. i. (1544) 2b, To be- 
holde a thing disnaturall. ¢1477 Caxton Jason 10 Ryght 
myserable and right disnaturall enuie. 1677 Gate Crt. 
Gentiles U1, 1v. 223 Atheisme is a proposition so disnatural, 
monstrose and difficult to be establisht. : 

Hence + Disna‘turalness, unnatural behaviour. 

1430 Lync. Chron. 7roy 1. vii, Iason.. Receyued hath 
Penan tallionis Of the goddes for his disnaturelnesse. 

+ Disna‘tural, v. Ods. [in a. f.prec. acj. ; in 
b. f. Dis- 8 + Natura @.: cf. next.] a. ¢rans. 
or 7z/r. To make or become unnatural; to brutal- 
ize. b. trans, = DENATURALIZE2, DISNATURALIZE. 

1549 Compl. Scot. viii. 73 Al pepil ar disnaturalit fra there 
gude nature. .3e ar mair disnaturellit nor is brutal beystis. 
1588 R. Parke tr. A/endoza’s //ist. China 70 Vpon paine to 
bee disnaturalled of the countrie. 

Disna‘turalize, v. [f. Dis-6+Narcrauize; 
cf. Sp. desnaturalizar ‘to banish, to outlaw’ (Min- 
sheu 1599).) =DENATURALIZE v, I, 2. Hence 
Disna:turaliza tion = DENATURALIZATION. 

a1704 Locke Hist. Navigation 490 (Seager) Magellan .. 
renounced his country, disnaturalizing himself as the custom 
then was. 1837 Soutury Doctor exv. IV. 127 [If] this well- 
known name [Job].. were disnaturalized and put out of 
use. 1874 Lp. Srantey Magellan's ist Voy. p. xi, The 
custom .. of disnaturalization, in accordance with which, 
any noble who felt aggrieved, formally renounced his fealty 
to the sovereign, : 

Disnature disnéitits), v. [ad. OF. desna- 
éurer to change in nature, or change the nature of 

Godef.), ‘to make vnnaturall’ (Cotgr.), It. désma- 
furare. See Dis- 4 and Nature.] 

+1. intr. To get into, or be in, an unnatural or 
disordered condition; to be unhealthy. Ods. 

1481 Caxton J/yr. 1. xii. 37 So.. trauaylleth phisyque 
to brynge Nature to poynt that disnatureth in mannes body 
whan ony maladye or sekenes encombreth hit. 

2. trans. To rencer unnatural; to deprive of 
natural quality, character, appearance, etc. Hence 
Disna‘tured Af/. a. 

crq4so Jerdin 425 Ymage repaired and disnatured fro 
kynde, holde thy pees. 1603 Florio J/outa‘gne (1632) 493 
‘There are many .. who think to honour their nature, by 
disnaturing themselues. 1753 CuurcHILL Gotham. 18 Can 
the stern mother. . From her disnatur’d breast tear her young 
child? 184 D'Israrct Amen. Lit, (1867) 307 A sister dis- 
natured of all kin, hastening to be the voluntary accuser of 
her father. 1877 Brackie Wise Men 161 The disnatured 
skin Showed livid, flecked with crimson. . 

+ Disneglerct, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 5 + NEGLECT 
v.] trans. To neglect. 

1800 True Briton in Spirit Pub, Frnis, (1801) IV. so 
Disneglecting his duty, out of nothing but a piece of pride ! 

+ Disne‘rve, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7a + 
NEkVE 56. : cf. obs. F. desnerver \Cotgr.).] trans. 
To deprive of nerve or vigour; to weaken, relax. 

@1618 Syivester Mem. Mortality \xxxvi, All Idelness 
dis-natures Wit, dis-nerves it. /dsd, [see Disapt]. 

Disnest (disnest), v. rare. [Dis- 7 ¢.] 
trans. ‘Vo dislodge from, or as from, 2 nest; also, 
to void (as a nest) of its occupants. 

1596 Life Scanderbeg 41 To chastise the garrison of the 
Turkes, and to chase and disnest them out of their holde. 
21700 Dryven Life of Lucian (1711) 43 Vo disnest Heaven 
of so many immoral and debauch’'d Deities. 

+ Disnestle, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + NEs- 
TLE. Cf. ernestle.] trans. To turn out of a nest. 

1626 T. H. Caussin’s Holy Crt. 221 Birds are disnestled 
from the kingdome which nature hath allowed them. 

Disner, disnier, var. DEcENER, Oés. 

Disniche (disnit{), v. [f. Dis- 7c + Nicur.] 
trans. To remove from its niche. 

1889 Frul. Educ. 1 June 280/1, He could dis-niche, soto 
speak, whom he pleased. 

+ Disno'ble, 2. Obs. vare. [D1s- 10.] Ignoble, 
mean, petty. 

1609 HotLanp Am. Marcell. xxvit. i. 326 A disnoble 
[iguotilen] advocat and defender of causes. 

+ Disno'ble, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 8 + NosLe a.: 
ef. obs. I. desnoblir to disgrace, vilify (Godef.).] 
trans. To deprive of nobility or grandeur ; to Dis- 
ENNOBLE, 

1622 H. Sypennam Sevm. Sol. Occ. ut. (1637) 30 The 
chiefest complement of greatnesse is the retinue, take away 
her equipage you disnoble it. 1638 O. SepcwickE Serv. 
(1639) 36 O Watch, that it doth not dis-noble and staine its 
excellency by a sordid league. .with sinfull lusts. 

+ Disno‘minate, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 6.] 
trans. To take away the name from. 

1683 Cave Ecclesiastici 223 Reducing it unto the rank of 
a Village, disnominating it, and not suffering it to bear the 
name of Caesar. 

Disnosed, disnumber: see Dis- 7 a. “at 

+ Disnwll, v. Obs. rave. In 6 dys-. [f. Dis- 
5 + L. wudl-us none, null: cf. ANNUL, A variant 
of DENULL, DIsaNNUL.]. trans. To bring to no- 
thing, do away with, destroy. 


& 


DISNUN. 


1 Hawes Past. Pleas. vin. (1845) 31 To dysnull vyce 


and the a to blame. /éfd. xiv. 216 Dysnullynge the 
sectes of false idolatry. | 
+Disnwn, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. Dis- 7b + 


Nun; cf. disfriar.] trans. To deprive of nun’s 
orders ; to unnun. 

1611 Fiorio, Dismonacare, to vnfrier. Also to disnunne. 

Disobedience (disob7diéns). Also 5 dys-, 
-aunce. [a. OF. desobedience (in Godef.) ; cf. It. 
disubbidienza, Sp. desobediencia ; a Romanic form- 
ation for L. znobédientia, f. Dis- 4 + L. obédientia 
OBEDIENCE. ] 

The fact or condition of being disobedient ; the 
withholding of obedience; neglect or refusal to 
obey ; violation of a command by omitting to con- 
form to it, or of a prohibition by acting in defiance 
of it; an instance of this. 

2a 1400 Arthur 230 To vnderfang oure ordynaunce; For 
by dysobediaunce. fas ro Lypc. Min. Poems 143 (MAtz.) 

‘or disobedience Disclaundrid is perpetually Fs name. 
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xiv. xiv, Adam..And Eve. .the 
worlde dampned .. By disobedience. 1607 SHaks. Cor, 11. 
i, 117, I say they norisht disobedience. 1644 Br. Haty 
Rem. Wks. (1660) 107 Our wilfull disobediences, et 
Gipson Decl. & F. i, (1846) 1. 11 It was impossible for 
cowardice or disobedience to escape the severest punish- 
ment. 1875 Jowetr Plato V. 412 He who obeys the law 
will never know the fatal consequences of disobedience. 

b. transf. Non-compliance with a law of nature, 
an influence, or the like. 

ay Brackmore (J.), If planetary orbs the sun obey, 
Why should the moon disown his sovereign sway?.. This 
disobedience of the moon, etc. 

+ Disobe'diency. Ols. [f. L. dvsobedientia: 
see prec. and -ENcy.] The quality of being dis- 
obedient. 

1 DanteL Civ. Wars vit. \viii, The out-let Will of 
Disobediency. 1614 R. Tatcor //og hath lost his Pearl 
ut in Hazl, Dodsley X1. 464 In punishing my disobediency. 
17x0 Strvee Life Grindall, anno 1580(R.), You might .. 
have corrected the disobediency of such. 

Disobedient (disob7-diént), a. and sd. Also 5 
dys-, 6 dishob-. [a. OF. desobedient (in Godef.) ; 
cf. It. disubbidiente (Florio), Sp. desobediente; a 
Romanic formation, for L. zodcdient-em, f. Dis- 
4+ L. obédient-em OBEDIENT.) 

A. adj. Withholding obedience; refusing or fail- 
ing to obey; neglectful or not observant of authori- 
tative command ; guilty of breach of prescribed 
duty ; refractory, rebellious. 

14.. Why I can't be a Nun 272 in £. F. P. (1862) 145 
A-nother lady .. That hy3t dame dysobedyent .. set now3t 
by her priores. 1535 Coverpace /’s. cv. 7 Oure fathers .. 
were dishobedient at the see. 1549 CHeKe //urt Sedit. (1641) 
15 How is the king obeyed, whose wisest be withstanded, 
the disobedientest obeyed. 1667 Mitton 7. Z. vi. 687 
Michael and his Powers went forth to tame These dis- 
obedient. 1819 Suetvey Cencé ut. i. 316 Such was God's 
scourge for disobedient sons, 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth 
xxxiv, These are not loving subjects, but disobedient 
rebels. 5 
b. ¢ransf. Unyielding, intractable, stubborn. 

1588 J. Reap Compend, Method 101 Growing nigh to 
the manner of a cancer, and disobedient to any medicine. 
a1802 E. Darwin (Webster, 1828), Medicines .. rendering 
peculiar parts of the system disobedient to stimuli. 1843 
CartyLe Past & Pr. ut. x. (1872) 165 Disobedient Cotton 
fibre, which will not. .consent to cover bare backs. 

B. sé. A disobedient or refractory person. 

1548 Act 2-3 Edw, VJ, c. 23. § 2 Inflicting all such Pains 
upon the Disobedients. a 1670 Spatninc 7x6. Chas. /. 
(1829) 70 Refusers to subscribe the covenant .. and other 
disobedients, 

+ Disobedie'ntiary, (a.) and 94. nonce-wid. 
[f. prec. adj.+-ary.] =prec. sb. 

5 Latimer Serm. & Kent. (1845) 389 Pseudo-prophets 
.. Sly, wily, disobedientiaries to all good orders, 

Disobediently, adv. [f. Disopeprenr + 
-LY 4.) Ina disobedient manner ; with disregard 
of commands. 

ie ober A Council Acts (1890) II. 209 Arrogantly and 
disobediently .. contrary to an expresse commandement, 
1594 Hooker £cc/. Pol. u. ii. (1611) 57 The least thing 
done disobediently towardes God, od. These boys have 
behaved most disobediently. 

+Disobei‘sance. 00s. Also 4 des-, 5-6 
-aunce. [a. OF. desobeissance (13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), mod.F. désobé-, f. désobéissant; see next 
and -ANCE.] = DISOBEDIENCE. 

1393 Gower Conf, 1. 86 Now..To telle my desobeissance. 
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 111. x. 57 Adam was.. 
damp «. for disobei e to the hest of god. 1548 
Gest Pr. Masse 93 Canceled owte of the masse boke, as 
heresye to God and disobeysaunce to the King. 

+ Disobei‘sant, a. and sé. Obs. [a. OF. des- 
obeissant (13th c. in Littré; mod. désobéissant), pr. 
pple. of désobéir to DisoBey.] 

A. adj. Not submissive, Disopepient. B. sd. 
A rebel. 

1381 Cuaucer Parl, Foules 429 If that I to hyre be 
founde vntrewe, Dishobeysaunt or wilful necligent. ¢ 1430 
Lypc. Min, Poems age! Soc.) 143 Disobeisaunt my tithes 
for to paye. 1s25 Lp. BeKne voiss. I. xliv. 148 To 
oe e them ¢t be dysobeysaunt to the kynge of 

‘astell. Act 34 Hen. V/I1 (in Bolton Stat, /re/. 
g séer) 242) n such .. perill of invasion by the disobeysants, 

rishrie, 


472 


Disobey (disobé),v. Also 4 des-, 4-6 dys- ; 
5 dyshobeye. [a. F. désobér (13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.) = Pr. desobedir, It. disubbidire:—Romanic 
dis-, desobidire, for late L. inobidire, f. Dis- 4 + 
L.. obédire to OBEY.] 

1. intr. To be disobedient ; not to obey. 

This is the original use as in Fr., but most late instances 
are perhaps absolute uses of the transitive sense 2. 

1393 Gower Con/. 1. 86 perof woll I desobeie. 1539 Ton- 
STALL Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 26 Pride .. makethe hym 
that disobeyeth to contemne to obey. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
1. 203 Man disobeying, Disloyal breaks his fedltie. 

Gay Fables 1. xx. 24 His m burn'd to disobey. 1781 

SowrER Hofe 315 If .. some headstrong hardy lout Would 
disobey. 1886 Ruskin Preterita 1. 424 The wish to dis- 
obey is already disobedience. 

+b. Const. 0, unto [ =F. désobéir a or dative). 

14.. Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. 88 Eyretykes that 
falsly dysobey To holy chyrche. a14g0 Kut. de la Tour 
(1868) 59 She. .disobeyed to God and felle in his yre. 1g02 
Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. ii. 12 Whan Adam & 
eue .. dysobeyed unto god. 1525 Lp. Bernrrs Fro/ss. II. 
xxxiii. 97 Moche of his people disobeyed to serue hym. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 35 We... disobey to 
theyr commaundementes. 

2. trans. (The object represents an earlier dative : 
cf. F. 7/ me désobéit, he disobeys (to) me.} To refuse 
or neglect to obey (any one); to neglect wilfully, 
transgress, or violate, the commands or orders of 
(a person in authority, a law, etc.); to refuse sub- 
mission to, 

1393 Gower Conf I. 338 Her owne liege .. That hem 
forsoke and disobeide. /é/d. III. so Ther might nothing 
hem disobey. ax14g0 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 60 He toke 
and ete thereof, for he wolde not disobeie her. 1470-85 
Matory Arthur xvi. xi, It were wel done ..that ye dis- 
hobeye not the auysyon. 
Mysgoverned persons disobeyeng your lawes. ¢1§32 Dewes 
Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1048 Nat be wyllyng to disobey 
you. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 59 Seeing no 
meanes of disobeying the winds, they gave their violence 
way. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. v. 611 Him who disobeyes Me 
disobeyes. x Mrs. Rapcutrre /tadian ii, Where is the 
principle which shall teach you to disobey a father? 1875 
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) V. 79 The chief magistrate .. will 
punish those who disobey God and the law. 

Hence Disobey‘ing 74/. sb. and Afi. a. 

1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exeip.1. ii. 73 Every disobeying 
person that payes the penal 

Disobeyal (disobé 
An act of disobeying. 

1889 Daily News 31 July 3/4 Certain financial arrange- 
ments followed a disobeyal of the order of the Court. 

+ Disobey-ant, a. Od;.  [irreg. f. Disosry v. 
+-ANT, in place of the normal D1soBEISANT.] = 
DISOBEDIENT. 

1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 122 
Some of the Pepyl ther weryn agaynys hym and disobeiaunt. 

Disobeyer (disobé‘:a1). [f Disopry v. + 
-ER1.] One who disobeys; a recusant, a rebel. 


al. rare. 


[f. pree. + -aL.] 


is1z Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 20.§ 2 | 


1§13-75 Diurn. Occurrents (Bannatyne Club) 69 Vnder | 


the payne of burnying of disobeyaris vpoun the cheik. 
1653 A. WILSON Jas. /, 11 A strickt Proclamation threatens 
the disobeyers. 1 Kinciake Crimea (1877) V. i. 365 
A wilful disobeyer’of orders. 

Disoblegiant, obs. var. DEsoBLIGEANT. 

1811 Sporting Mag. XXXVII. 12 Sociables, disoblegiants, 

+ Disobliga'tion. (/s. 
TION; after dzsoblige.} 

1. Freedom or release from obligation, 

1616 Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Council Trent (1676) 631 
‘The place doth not prove a dispensation, that is, a disobli- 
gation from the Law. 1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dudit. 11. 
411 (L.) The conscience is restored to liberty and dis- 
obligation, Monthly Rev. 363 The disobligation oe 
being cancelled. .leaves the obligation without abatement. 

2. A disobliging action ; an act that either negli- 
gently or purposely thwarts a person's convenience 
or wishes; a piece of inconsiderate treatment ; a 
slight, affront, insult, 

1647 CLareNnvon //ist, Red. 1. § 127 By the disobligations 
his family had undergone from the duke of Buckingham. 
1654 H. L’Es trance Chas. / (1655) 132 Noy..wheel’d about 
..and made amends with his future service, for his former 
dis-obligations. 1739 Cisser Afod. (1756) 1. 295 Mrs. Old- 
field receiv’d it rather as a favour than a disobligation 
1788 //ist.in Ann. Reg. 6x Russia had. .heaped disobligation 
upon disobligation, in her transactions with Great Britain. 

8 The fact or feeling of being disobliged. 

1645 F. Torre in //ud/ Lett, (1886) 120 ‘To sowe seedes 
of discention and disobligation betwixt the two nations, 
1713 STEELE Englishman No. 1, 9, 1..shall never give a 

ote out of Peevishness or personal Disobligation. 1754 
Ricnarpson Grandison (1 81) IIL. ix. 66 Your Lordship's 

‘ood resolutions .. must be built on a better foundation 
than ¢ ional disgust or disoblig: 

b. An instance of this feeling ; a grudge. 

1754 Frecoinc Yourn. Lisbon 1. x, Besides his disloyalty 
.. Lhave private disobligations to him, : 

+ Disebigetery, a. Seek 10.] a, Not obli- 
gatory or binding. b. Releasing from obligation. 

a Drum. or Hawtn. Queries of State Wks. (1711) 
177 All oaths unlawful .. being .. null and disobligatory. 
ar Cuas. I Let, to H son Wks, 165 You much 
mistake in alleaging that the two Houses Parliament 
can have this disobligatory power. ‘ 

Disoblige (disoblaidz), v. [ad. F. désobliger 
(1307 in Godef, Suppl.) = Sp. desobligar, It. disob- 
bligare:—Romanic *disobligare, f. Dis- 4 +L. obli- 
gare to OBLIGE. ] 


[f. Dis- 9 + OBLIGA- 


DISOBSERVANT. 


+1. “rans. To set free from obligation ; to release 
from duty or engagement. Const. of, from. Obs. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne un. ix. (1632) 545, 1 love so much 
to disoblige and disc myselfe. fo decent OF 
Hawtn. Hist. Yas. V, Wks. (1 79 To ige them- 
selves of their greatest duty. upwortH Jutedl. Syst. 
895 They .. would be altogether Disobliged, and Conse- 
qeeye might Justly break any Laws. 

absol. 1643 Mitton Divorce v. (1851) 74 A particular law 
absolving and disobliging from a more general command, 

+b. To disengage, detach. Ods. 

1647 W. Stronc 7rust & Acc. Steward 14 Prodigality of 
the publique purse will ever disoblige the le to ; Se 
Rulers. Tempce Misc. 1. 85 (Seager) iling of his 
design was t ht to have something disobliged him from 
France ; upon w! assistance he reckoned. 

2. To refuse or neglect to oblige; not to consult 
or comply with the convenience or wi of (a 
person) ; hence, to put a slight upon, affront, offend. 

_ J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena To Rar. Aiv, 
Loth to disoblige so many deserving and noble personages. 
1647 CLarenvon Hist. Red. u. (x84 ) 46/1 Colonel Lesley.. 
being lately disobliged (as they cal ied it) by the King, that 
is, denied somewhat he had a mind to have. 1729 FRaNKLIN 
Ess. Wks. 1840 IL. 25, 1 know not how to disoblige her so 
much as to tell her I should be glad to have less of her 
company. 1787S. C. Cox P. Williams’ Rep. 1. Notes 681 
His daughter Mabell had disobliged him Lf turning Roman 
Catholick. Macautay Hist. Eng. UL. 338 Impossible 
to pay marked court to one without disobliging the rest. 

transf. 1698 Cottier Answ. Congreve (1730) 195 As to 
the Smut [=indecency], I have endeavoured not to dis- 
oblige the Paper with any of it. 

absol. 1697 Dampier Voy. 1. 500 For fear of disobligi 
by our refusal. 12742 Richarpson Pamela 11. 25, 1 wou 
not disoblige on purpose. " ; 

+b. To render disobliging. Ods. rare. 

1716 Couuier tr. A Panegyrick 78 Anxiety and Discontent 
is apt to spoil Peoples ‘Tempers, and disoblige their Be- 
haviour. . , 

3. In more concrete sense: To inconvenience, in- 
commode, annoy. Oés, or dial. 

1668 [see Disopiicinc fp/.a.). 1685 TRavestin ae 
Newheusel 13 The besieged..began to fire upon us .. by 
which they somewhat disobliged our Battery. 1697 Cot- 
Lier Ess. Mor. Subj. u. (1709) 1 I'm afraid I may dis- 
oblige your Business, 1726 Suetvocke Voy. round World 
387 They disobliged us very much by the stench of their 
dung. 1851 S. Jupp Margaret 11. i. (1881) 198, I .. hope 
my presence, Madam, will not disoblige you. 

Hence Disobli‘ged f//. a., slighted, affronted. 

1673 Lady's Cail. 1, iii. ? 22 Let therefore the disoblig’d 
not look back upon the injury. 1724 A. Cottins Gr. Chr. 
Relig. 186 Joiada.. and other disoblig’d ns ge 
1814 Scott Wav. xxxii, His father a disobliged an 
contented courtier. 

isobligeant, obs. var. DESOBLIGEANT. 

1787 Axn Hitpitcu Rosa de Montmorien 1, 48 To travel 
.. in the very disobligeant which Sterne celebrates in his 
Sentimental tour. /ézd. 1. 49. 

Disobli‘'gement. [f. Disosiice v. + -MENT.] 

+1. Release from obligation ; = DisoBLIGATION 1, 

1648 Mitton Tenure Kings (1650) 36 If 1 make a covnant 
with a man who prove afterward a monster to me, I should 
conceave a disobligement. 1677 Gitrin Demonol. (1867) 107 
God delayed to answer them, which they looked upon as 
a disobligement from duty. 

+2. A slight; =D1soBLicaTIon 2, Ods. 

1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’'s Banish'd Virgin 185 Dis- 
obligements received and requited. 1672 Lond. Gas. No. 
712/4 Some disoblig that Ambassador had lately re- 
ceived there, — : a jt " 

8. The action of disobliging or fact of being dis- 
obliged. 

18,. in H. Adams AJ, Gallatin 450 Cory ‘To the great 
disobligement of some of his strong political 

Disobli-ger, vac. [fas prec.+-en!.] One 
who disobliges. . 

1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ess, 1. xv. $4(R.) Loving 
our enemies, and ting our disobligers. 1730 Swirr 
Vind. La. Carteret, Disobligers of England. 

Disob , vol, sb, [f. as prec, + -ING1.] 
The action of the verb DIsoBLIGE, : 

1692 indication Pref. Aij b, The disobliging of Wicked 
Men. 1726-31 Tixpat Ras Hist, Eng. xvu. 11. 59 By 
this wise Conduct she a the disobliging of Men. 

Disobliging, tt. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2] 
That disobliges ; disincl to gratify the wishes 
or meet the convenience of another; unaccommo- 
dating ; also, + inconvenient, annoying (00s.). 

1652 Coxaine tr, Cadprenéde’s Cassandra i, 207 In the 
least disobliging terms, 1665 Sir T. Hervert 77av. (1677) 
238 A Prince of that tyr 1 and dis. 

1668 Davenanr Rivals 4 To 


ews. 


dis- 


rve your knees From such 


disobliging postu: x « For Power Body of People, 
Misc. 164 1 eir Psotaties .. have been Disobliging to 


the Nation. 1853 Mrs. Cartyte Left. 11, 239, 1 must .. 
get our disobliging neighbours turned out. 

Hence Disobli* adv.; Disobligingness, 
unwillingness to oblige ; want of readiness to ac- 
commodate a (676) ae 

1654 Lo. Orrery Parthen. (1 Ness 
Be gh performance. te 6. Boor Elvira 7 Whose 
action .. hath shown So diso' igingly, his rash judgement 

me, 1858 Mrs. Cartyte Left, IT, 382 Women .. whose 
disobligingness had been the cause of my flurry, 1868 
Hevrs Realmah xvii, Disobligingness .. 1s but too common 


here. 
“+ Disobservant, a, Obs. rare. [Dis- 10.] 
eae cia ere A t of the 
pale become dadmerane rote Lae 


i 


DISOBSTETRICATE. 


+ Disobstetricate, v. Obs. nonce-wa. [Dts- 
6.] trans. To reverse the office of a midwife con- 


cerning ; to retard or hinder from child-birth. 

1652 Urqunart Yewed Wks, (1834) 210 With parturiencie 
for greater births, if a malevolent time disobstetricate not 
their enixibility. 

Disobstru‘ct, v. 20s. [Dis- 6.]  drans. 
To free from obstruction; = Dxrossrrucr. . 


1611 Fiorio, Disofilare, to open or vnstop, to disobstruct. 
be Power £.xf. Philos. 1. 68 The Optick Nerve being 
.. disobstructed and relaxed. 1 A. Stuart in PAid. 
Trans. XL. 8 Applications..intended to..discuss stagnat- 
ing animal fluids, or disobstruct the vessels. 


+ Diso'ccident, v. Ods. nonce-wd. [Dis-8: 


cf. Disortent.] ¢vans. To throw out of his reckon- 
ing as to the west; to confuse as to the points of the 
compass. 

1672-3 Marvet Reh. Trausp.1. 53 Perhaps some roguing 
Boy that managed the Puppets turned the City wrong, and 
so Gbocsidented our Geographer. | 

Disoccupation. [f. Dis- 9 + Occupation ; | 
cf. F. désoccupation (17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 
Lack of occupation, unoccupied condition. 

1834 Soutury Corr. w. C. Bow/les (1881) 299 There is no 
interval of disoccupation. 1889 Howe.tts Hazard New 
Fort. 105 A life of luxurious disoccupation. 

Disoccupy (disg*kizpai), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Oc- 
cupy v., prob. after F. désoccuper, Sp. desocupar, It. 
disoccupare.| trans, To cease to occupy, vacate. | 

1872 Daily News 1 Apr. 3/2 (Let. fr. Madrid] The hall 
vacated. .was merely disoccupied in order that [etc.]. 1882 
tr, Rep. Congr. Chili in Chr. World (N.Y.) Feb. (1883) 50 
The refusal of Mr. Gandarillas to disoccupy his post. 

Disodie (daisdu-dik), Disodiohy-dric, etc., 
Chem.: see Di- pref-* 2. 

1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 340 Disodiohydric Phosphate, 
or Disodic Orthophosphate, is prepared by precipitating 
the acid calcium gore: aa obtained in decomposing bone- 
ash with sulphuric acid. 

Disodour (disdwdar). xonce-wad. [Dis- 9.] Il 
odour ; evil repute. 

1882 Society 11 Nov. 7/2 He..died in the disodour of being 

-[a] most extortionate old hunks. ' 

+ ‘O'ffice, sd. Ols. [D1s- 9.] An evil office, 
an ill turn, a disservice. 

1624 Brief Inform. Affairs Palatinate 56 It shall be an 
ynkindnesse and dis-office in his deportment. 

+ Disorffice, v. Os. [Dis- 7¢.] trans. To 
deprive of or depose from office. 

1627 Crt. & Times Chas. I (1848) I. 241 The other lords.. 
which are refusers, are disofficed. 1658 J. R. Chr. Sudj. vii. 
too To dis-authorize and dis-office a Magistrate. a 1670 
Hacker Ads. Williams u. (1692) 200 All that refuse it must 
be sequestred, imprisoned, disofficed. 

+ Di-solu‘tion. Chem. Obs. [Di-229.] A 
solution of a sub- or proto-salt (e.g. of mercury). 

1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Se. Chem. 501 The action 
of dry hydrochloric acid on di-solutions of mercury. - 

Disomatous (deisdimatas), a. [f. Gr. diod- 
par-os double-bodied (f. &:-, Di- 2 + o@pa, cwpar- 
body) + -ous.] Having two bodies, double-bodied. 

1857 DunGuison Med. Dict. s.v. Disomus, A Monster with 
two bodies .. is said to be disomatous. 

+ Disopi‘nion. Ods. [f. D1s- 9 +Orryton.] 

1. Adverse or mean opinion (of); disesteem. 

1625 Sir J. Evior in Gardiner Hist. Eng. (1875) I. vi. 225 
The general disopinion..which it would work to him. 1640 
Br. Reynotps Passions xxxix. 501 According to the Dis- 
opinion & slender Conceipt which they have of their own 
Abilities. 1647 May Hist. Part. 1. iv. 67 A disopinion and 
dislike of the Parliament. | 170g Sir E. Wacker Hist. Disc. 
219 He was in some disopinion with the king. : 

2. Difference of opinion; dissent. rare. 

1598 Florio, Disfarére, a disopinion, a diuersitie in con- 
ceit. ae Be, Reynotps Passions iv, Assenting and dis- 
senting thoughts, belief and disopinion. ‘ 

Hence + Disopi-nioned a. Ods., thought little of, 
held in disrepute. 

1622 H. Sypennam Sern. Sol. Occ. 11. (1637) 137 A dis- 

3} 
opinioned undervalued man. 

+ Diso'ppilate, v. Med. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + 
OppiLatE: ef. F.désopiler (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
It. désoppilare, obs. Sp. desopilar; also Drorri- 
LATE.] trans. To'free from obstruction ; abso/. to 
Temove obstructions; =DEOPPILATE, . 

1577 Frampton Joyfull Newes m1. (1596) 54 Being vsed it 
[Sassafras] dooth disopilate, and make a good colour in the 
face. 1601 Hottanp Pliny xx. vi. I]. 43 Hippocrates .. is 
of opinion, that it will disopilate the neck of the Matrice. 
1652 Wapswortu Chocolate 8 It hath also parts of Sulphur 
and of Quicksilver, which doth open, and disopilate. 

Disorb (disf'sb), v. _ [f. Dis- 7 a,c + ORB sd.] 

1. trans. To remove from its orb or sphere. 

1606 Suaks. Ty. & Cr. u. ii. 45 Like a Starre disorb’d. 
1800 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. V111. 601 To turn aside 
the planet. .and to disorb its approaching culmination, 

2. To deprive of the orb as a symbol of sove- 
reignty. 

é . Lancaster Praeterita 54 Until the tale of years 
disorb my hand. 1887 Swinsurne Locrine ui. ii. 66 Dis- 
crowned, disorbed, discrested. y 

Disovrchard, v. rare. [Dis- 7a, b: cf. dis- 
forest.) trans. To change from the condition of an 
orchard ; to divest (land) of orchards. ‘ 

1796 W. Marsnat IW, England 1. 216 Land..encumbered 
with orchard trees..and which ought..to be disorcharded 


473 


sity be a gradual process, and, meanwhile, how is the 
farmer..to pay the higher rent which the landlord usually 
expects for his orchard land ? 

+ Diso'rdain,v. Ods. Forms: 3 desordeine, 
3-5 -deyne, 4-5 disordeyne, 5 -hordeyne. 
[a. OF. desorden-er to disorder, degrade (11th c.), 
mod.F. désordonner = Sp. desordenar, It. disorai- 
nare, a Romanic formation from Dis- 4+ L. ovd7- 
nare to order, OrDAIN. Cf. DEORDINATE.] 

1. trans. To deprive of or degrade from orders. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 473 3uf eni clerc .. were itake, & vor 
felon iproued .. That me solde him uerst desordeini. ¢ 1300 
Beket 378 ‘That he scholde the preost take, And desordeyni 
him of his ordre. 

2. To disorder, derange. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vin li. (1495) 265 Diaria 
comyth..of humours whyche renne..fro the hede to the 
guttes, and disordeynyth them. 

+ Diso'rdained, 7//. a. Ods. Also 6 -or- 
dened, -ined. [f. Disorpain v. + -ED, but, in 
sense 2, app. ad. OF. desordené: see next.] 

1. Disordered, irregular, out of order. 

¢ 1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode i. cxix. (1869) 62 Bi his disor- 
deyned smellinge. 

2. Unrestrained, immoderate : = DISORDINATE 1, 

1425 Chaucer's Pars. T. » 744 (MSS. Harl. & Camb.] 
Glotenye is vnresonable and desordeyned [other A/S. 
desordeyne(e, discorde] coueytise to ete and to drynke. 
1556 Aurelio §& /sab. (1608) Biij, After that these two 
knightes had longe ynough strained together. came in so 
disordined wordes [desordounees parolles], that taking their 
.. swordes [etc.]. /d/d. E vij, Holde backe yowre disor- 
denede answere. 

+ Diso‘rdeine, diso'rdeny, a. (s.)  Ods. 
Forms; 4 des-, disordene, 4-5 des-, dis-, dys-, 
-ordeynee, -ordenee, -ordeine, -eyne, -eigne, 
5 -ordeyne, -ordeny. [a. OF. desordené (mod. 
désordonné\, pa. pple. of desordener: see DISORDAIN 
and Disorpinate, The final ¢ of OF. appears to 
have had a double fortune, becoming on the one 
side mute as in AssIGN, AVowg, on the other de- 
veloping into -ee, -ze, -y as in ASSIGNEE, City: cf. 
dishevel, dishevely.] 

Inordinate, immoderate, excessive ; disorderly, 
irregular. (Cf. DisorpINATE 1.) 

1340 Ayend. 34 Auarice is disordene loue. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER 
Pars. T, » 841 Alle the desordeynee [v.77. dysordenee, 
disordeynet, -deine ’, -deyne, desordeigne] moewynges that 
comen of flesshly talentes. ¢1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode 1. 
cxxiii. (1869) 65 Whan pou seest pe wille encline to dede dis- 
ordeynee. c 1450[see B.). c1475 Partenay 2768 All disording 
(?disordiny] is she All-way, 

B. sb. Disorder, an irregularity. 

c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2079, 2083 What disordeny 
he pare kende, He was besy it to amende.. Disordenys 
when he reproued, Disordeny monkes, bat paim loued, Of 
his spekyng were no3t payed. i ; 

Hence + Diso'rdeinely adv. Ods., inordinately, 
immoderately. 

1340 Ayend, 55 Hit ne is no zenne uor to ethe be guode 
metes ak ethe his [=but to eat them] to uerliche oper dis- 
ordeneliche. 1413 Pilger. Sow/e (Caxton 1483) m1. x. 57 
A good thynge desordeynly desyred ageynst goddes wylle. 

Disorder (disf:1da1), sb. [f. Dis- 9 + OrvER 
sb.: prob. after F. desordre (Palsgr. 1530). Cf. 
also DisorpDER v. (which is known earlier).] 

1. Absence. or undoing of order or regular ar- 
rangement ; confusion; confused state or condition. 

1530 Parser. 214/1 Disorder of a thyng, desbavlx, des- 
ordre, desordonnance. 1555 Even Decades Pref. to Rdr. 
(Arb.) 53 Disorder of the partes is a deformitie to the hole. 
1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xxx. 176 Common-wealths, im- 
perfect, and apt to relapse into disorder. 1653 H. Cocan 
tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxix. 154 In this order, or rather disorder, 
we arrived at the Castle. 1667 Mitton /. Z. ut. 713 Light 
shon, and order from disorder sprung. 1712 W. Rocers 
Voy. 3 Our Ships out of trim, and every thing in disorder, 
@ 1839 Prarp Poems (1864) I. 189 The tangled boughs .. 
Were twined in picturesque disorder. 1875 Jowetr Plato 
(ed. 2) V. 93 Disorder in a state is the source of all evil, and 
order of all good. F : , 

+b. Violation of recognized order, irregularity. 

1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 152 Thus Pegasus, a nearer way to 
take, May boldly deviate from the common track; From 
vulgar bounds with brave disorder part, And snatch a grace 
— the reach of art. 

. (with @ and f/.) An instance of want of order 
or breach of rule; an irregularity. 

1574 Wuitairr Def, A unsw. iii, Wks. (1851) I. 363 If you 
say that it were a disorder that all should lay on their hands, 
I grant you. 1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav. 1. i. 1 ‘These dis- 
orders which are thus committed. 1687T. Brown Saints in 


_ Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 83, I am resolved to..reform these 


disorders. 1828 Sir W. Narier Pexins. War w. vi. I. 528 
Inexperience was the.. principal cause of the disorders 
which attended the retreat. : 

concr, 1717 Frezier Voy. S. Sea 263 The Decoration of 
the Altars .. crowded and bad .. a man cannot but lament 
the immense Sums they spend on those gilt Disorders. 

+b. spec. An irregularity of conduct; a disorderly 

act or practice; a misdemeanour. Ods. 

1581 Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. To Rdr. (1586) A vij, The 
disorders of those travailers abroade, are the chiefe cause. 
1601 Suaks. T'wed. NV. u. iii. 105 My Lady bad me tell you, 
that though she harbors you as her kinsman, she’s nothing 
ally’d to your disorders, a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) 
1. 457 The king had another mistress .. she fell into many 

dal disord 1772 S. Denne Hist. Rochester 165 


1869 Pall Mail G. 24 Sept. 3 Disorcharding must of neces- 
Vou. III, 


To remedy the disorders of those committed to his charge. 


DISORDER. 


3. Disturbance, commotion, tumult; esp. a breach 
of public order, riot, mutiny, outrage. 

1532 Brecon Pomander of Prayer Prayers, etc. (1844) 80 
To send the spirit of love and concord among us, that, with- 
out any disorder or debate, every one of us may be content 
with our calling, 1628 Mrap in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. LI. 
265 To prevent all disorder the train-bands kept a guard on 
both sides of the way. 1761 Hume //ist, Eng. IIL. Ix. 
295 Many disorders in England it behoved him previously 
to compose. 1834 West Ind. Sketch Bk. 1. 303 A never 
ceasing surf... when the wind blows strong .. it breaks with 
terrific disorder on the coast. 

+4. Disturbance or agitation of mind, discom- 
posure, Obs. 

1595 SHaks. Fohn ut. iv. 102, I will not keepe this forme 
vpon my head, When there is such disorder in my witte. 
1680 Burnet Rochester (1692) 20 He remembering his dream 
fell into some disorder .. and said... he was to die before 
morning. 1765 H. Watpote Ofranto i. (1798) 27 His voice 
faltered, and he asked with disorder, ‘What is in the great 
chamber?’ 1838 Lyrron Lesda 1. vi, The old man found 
Boabdil in great disorder and excitement. 

5. A disturbance of the bodily (or mental) 
functions; an ailment, disease, (Usually a weaker 
term than Diskasr, and not implying structural 
change.) 

1704 Locke (J.), Sometimes occasioned by disorder in the 
body, or sometimes by thoughts in the mind. 1725 N. 
Rosinson 7h. Physick iii. 108 A Fever is the first Disorder 
that affects the Blood and Vessels. 178r Cowprr Lett, 
18 Mar., light disorder in my eye. 1860 B'’ness BuNsEN 
in Hare Life (1879) IL. iv. 261 A new and troublesome stage 
of his chronic disorder, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lev., Disorder. .a 
term frequently used in medicine to imply functional dis- 
turbance, in opposition to manifest structural change. 

Disorder (disf1da1), v. [app. a modification 
of earlier desordene, disordeine vb., OF. desordener, 
after ORDER vb. (Valsgr. has a F. désordrer beside 
désordonner, but the latter (OF. desordener) was 
the proper F, form.) (Désorder sb. is app. later.)] 

1. trans, To put out of order; to destroy the 
regular arrangement of; to throw into disorder or 
confusion ; to disarrange, derange, upset. 

1477, Eart. Rivers (Caxton) Déctes 70 Workis doon by 
lesingis is for to disordre good thinges. 158 FULKe in 
Confer, i. (1584) Pijb, You would obscure the sense by 
disordering the wordes. 1659 B, Harris Parival's [ron Age 
308 The Polanders .. attempted sundry waies to break and 
disorder the Swedish army. 1667 Mitton P. Z. x. 914 
With .. tresses all disorderd. 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs 
Ind. Wks. 1842 II. 1 Your committee hold it expedient to 
collect .. the circumstances, by which that government ap- 
pears to them to be most essentially disordered, 1887 BowrN 
Virg. Aeneid v1. 49 Loose and disordered her fair hair flew. 

+b. zz¢r. (for ref.) To become disordered ; to 
fall into confusion. Ods. 

1523 Lp. Berners vo/ss. I. clxii. 108 The batayle of the 
marshals began to dysorder, by reason of the shot of the 
archers. 1647 May //és¢. Pard. it. v. 86 The Earle made.. 
Gull’s Horse to retreat and disorder at this first charge. 

+2. trans. To make morally irregular ; to vitiate, 
corrupt; to mar, spoil. Oés. 

1576 FLreminc Panopl. Epist. 4or Many times by reading 
such tryfles..the manners of younge learners are disordered, 
1585 ‘I’. WAsuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. wv. xxxiv. 156 b, 
A life disordered, corrupted, and ful of al villany, 

+b. vefl. To violate moral order or rule; to 
break loose from restraint, behave in an unruly or 
riotous manner; to transgress the bounds of mode- 
ration, go to excess. Obs. (Cf. DISORDERLY a. 2, 
DISORDINATE I.) 

1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tint, 53/2 Those persons, 
which disorder themselues, and beecome wild colts, and can 
abide no law nor bridle. 1613 A/anch. Crt. Leet Rec. (1885) 
II. 279 A common Drunckard, and disorders himselffe verie 
often in quarrelinge and brawlinge. @ 1654 SELDEN /adle-7". 
(Arb.) 44 That he should not disorder himself neither with 
eating nor drinking, but eat very little of Supper. 

+3. trans. To disturb the mind or feelings of; 
to agitate, discompose, disconcert. Oés. 

1575 J. Stitt Gamm, Gurton v. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 
236 Dame Chat, master doctor upon you here complaineth, 
That you and your maids should him much disorder. 1679 
Burnet Hist. Ref. I. 459 This he uttered with a stern coun- 
tenance, at which Lambert being a little disordered [etc.]. 
1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. i. 4, I looked very earnestly 
at her; so that it a little disordered her. 1819 SHELLEY 
Cenci u. i. 77 He said, he looked, he did ;—nothing at all 
Beyond his wont, yet it disordered me. 

+b. To confuse or discompose the countenance. 

1676 Drypen Awrengz. m1. i. 1518 Disorder not my Face 
into a Frown. 1791 Mrs. IncuBaip Simp. Story IV. xii. 
150 With an angry voice and with his countenance dis- 
ordered. 1 SoutHEy Yoan of Arc iv. 461 The youth’s 
cheek A rapid blush disorder’d. | . 

4. To derange the functions of; to put out of 
health; to ‘upset’ (a person or animal, or an organ 
of part of the body, or-the mind). 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 263 b, By reason of .. 
some humour, whiche disordereth the Lag Al _ 1694 Acc. Sev. 
Late Voy. u. (1711) 80 If you should eat their Fat, it would 
. disorder the Stomach very much. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 
229 They [cochineal insects] take wing .. but the heat of the 
Sun so disorders them, that they presently fall down dead. 
1733-4 BerKetry Let. to Prior 17 Mar., The east wind .. 
never fails to disorder my head. 1735 Wes.ey Wks. (2872) 
1,18 The sea has not disordered me at all. 1853 Lp. 
Hovcuton in Lif (1891) I. xi. 490 That doctrine .. seems 
capable of quite disordering the minds of men who adopt 
it. Mod. This climate is apt to disorder the liver. 
transf. 1826 Q. Rev. XXXIV. 456 It is not 4 such 


4 


DISORDERABLE. 


disgraceful vice and as the Confessions of Rous- 
seau, but it is as much disordered by vanity as they are by 


susceptibility. 

+5. To deprive of, or degrade from, holy orders; 
=DisorDaln 1. Obs. ‘ 

1 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 131/2 If this P Tohn did 
i tg in his esguun Bamana. 1681 DavDen RY A 
Friar v.ii, Aliph. (shall do it by proxy, friar ; your bishop's 
my friend, and is too honest to let such as you infect a 
cloister. Gone. Ay, do, father-in-law, let him be stripped 
of his habit, and disordered. 

6. [f. Dis- 6 + Orpvek v.] To reverse an order 


for; to countermand. , 

1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. ut. 122 The first word 
[avreraccopevos] signifies properly disordered, counter- 
ordered, or ordered against. 1852 Smeptey L. Arundel 
xxvi, Charley Leicester, who dis-ordered the post-horses 
and postponed his journey to Constantinople. 

Hence Diso'rdering vé/. sb. and ppl. a. 

1523 Lp. Berners Fro/ss. I, xviii. 19 ‘The next day, .all 
the oste .. avaunced, without disorderyng. 1559 Primer 
in Priv. Prayers (1851) ¥05 That we fall not into disordering 
of ourselves by anger. 1603 Knotes //ist, FaECEN 39 
[The] arrowes fell as thick . . as if it had bin a perpetual . . 
showre of haile, to the great disordering and dismaying of 
the whole armie. 1744 Ess. Acting 17 Like one not quite 
awak't from some disordering Dream. 

+ Diso‘rderable, a. Obs. rare—°. [f. prec. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being put in disorder. 

1611 Cotcr., Desemparadle. .disorderable. 

Disordered, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-ED!.] 

1. Put out of order, thrown into confusion; dis- 
arranged, confused, irregular. 

1571 Dicces Pantom. i. xiv. Sij b, To measure exactly 
the solide content of any small body, how disordred or 
irregular so euer it be. 1603 KNottes //ist. Turks (1638) 
39 Baldwin..seeking to restore his disordered companies, 
and to stay the furie of the enemie. 1635 Eart Strarrorp 
Lett. & Disp. (1739) 1. 394 Pardon my disordered Writing. 
1805 SoutHEY Madoc in Act. xix, They..with disorder'd 
speed..Ran to the city gates. 1838 Tnrtwatt Greece IV. 
xxix. 79 Thrasybulus suddenly turned upon the enemy 
.. and .. attacked their victorious but disordered centre. 

+ b. Not according to order or rule, irregular. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 25, After once that 
such disordered counterfaiting of God well liked them, shey 
neuer ended, till .. they imagined y° God did shew fort 
his power in images. 1§92-3 Act 35 Eliz. c. 1. § 5 Fre- 
quenting disordered and infawful Conventicles and As- 
semblies. 1635 Pacitr Christianogr. 171 There were fifty 
of those Popes irregular, disordered and Apostaticall. 

+2. Morally irregular, vitiated, corrupt; disor- 
derly, unruly, riotous; = DIsoRDINATE I. Obs. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. 1/1 (an. 3) 44b, The disordered 
affection whiche this kynde kynseman shewed to his blood. 
1579 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 407 A nomber 
of disordered persons of the Universitie. 1585 Ap. Sanpys 
Sern, (1841) 381 Our own rebellious and disordered desires. 
1605 SHAks, Lear 1. iv. 263 Men so disorder’d, so debosh’d, 
and bold. 1630 Crt. § Zimes Chas. I (1848) I]. 63 His 
wife hath .. been committed to the same prison for her 
disordered tongue. 1667 Mitton ?. /. v1. 696 Warr. .hath 
..to disorder’d rage let loose the reines. 1743 BuLKELEY 
& Cummins Voy. S. Seas 84 The People very much dis- 
order’d in Liquor, and very quarrelsome. 

+ 3. Discomposed, agitated. Ods. 

1711 Appison Sfect. No. 42 P1 It is. .a very odd Spectacle, 
to see a Queen venting her passion in a disordered Motion. 
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 111. 18 She found him 
pacing the room, with a disordered air. 

4. Affected with bodily or mental disorder ; out 
of health ; deranged ; morbid. 

1731 Attersury ob xxii. 21 (Seager) Notwithstanding 
that we feel our souls disordered and restless..yet we are 
strangely backward to lay hold of this method of cure. 
1777 PriestLey Matt. & Spir.(1782) I. xviii. 212 A disordered 
mind [is] in many cases, the evident effect of a disordered 
era 1830 Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil. § 82 In some cases 
of disordered nerves, we have sensations without objects. 
1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /nq. 1. iii. 92 Mental derange- 
ment is in numerous instances preceded by a disordered 
state of the general health. 

Hence Diso‘rderedly adv. ; Diso'rderedness. 

1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. xi, 8 Lest the disorderednesse 
of al things may empair his faith. 1574 tr. Marlorat's 
Afocalips 35 The Nicolaits which liue disorderedly haue 
for their founder, Nicolas one of the seuen .. deacons. 
a 1610 Kno.es (J.), By that disorderedness of the soldiers 
a great advantage was offered unto the enemy. 1611 CorGr., 
Escorcher les anguilles par la quené, to doe things dis- 


orderedly, awkwardly, the wrong wa 
Disorderer. vare—°. [fas prec. + -ER!.] 
One who disorders, 


1598 Forio, Scorrettore, a spoiler, a marrer of anie thing, 
a disordrer. 

Diso'rderliness. [f. next + -nEss.] The 
— = condition of being disorderly. 

1 nitcirt Let. to Burghley, Not... out of respect 
of his disorderliness, in the of the ion.. 
but also of his negligence in reading. 1678 CupwortH 
Intell. Syst. 873 God is not the President .. of Irregular .. 
Lust or Appetite, and of loose Erratick Disorderliness. 
1748 Ricuarvson Clarissa (1811) VIII. 331 Disordering 
more her native disorderliness. 1885 L'fool Daily Post 
9 June 4/3 The Speaker pointed out the disorderliness o 
the ings. 

Disorderly (disfsdosli), a. [f. Drsonper sé. 
+-LY!; after orderly. 

1. Characterized by disorder, or absence of order 
or regular arrangement ; in a state of disorder; not 
orderly ; confused, irregular, untidy. 

1632 J. Havwarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 59 ‘The winds so 
outrageously unstable ., they were constrained to rome up 


oo 


474 


and downe, with an order so disorder p Reem megs 1655 
Srantey Hist. Philos. 1. (1701) 112/2 ylus, saith he, 
is of all Poets..the harshest, most disorderly. 1712 
Berketey Passive Obed. § 28 A disorderly and confused 
chaos. N. Rosinson Th. Physick viii. 175 A dis- 
orderly, = low Pulse. 1850 Prescott Peru 1. 302 ‘The 
disorderly state of Peru was such as to the imme- 
diate interposition of government. Macautay Hist. 
Eng. 1V.79 A mob of people as n: , as dirty, and as 
disorderly as the beggars .. on the Continent. 

2. Opposed to or violating moral order, consti- 
tuted authority, or recognized rule or method ; not 
submissive to rule, lawless; unruly; tumultuous, 
riotous. (Of persons, or their actions, etc.) 

1585 Asp. SANDYS Seri. (1841) 383 To behold the dis- 
orderly dealings of the wicked. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz’ Surg. 
ut. iii. 224 A patient causeth pains to himself with disorderly 
eating and drinking. c1680 BevertpGe Ser. (1729) I. 2. 
Whatsoever disorderly or unworthy persons are dealt 
to holy orders. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) II. 310 
To confirm the Weak, and admonish the Disorderly. 1700 
S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 217 They (Seamen] ever grow 
more disorderly and ungovernable as they come nearer 
home. 1817 Parl. Ded. 346 The Speaker submitted .. that 
.. if it was a personal charge against an individual member 
of the House, it was certainly disorderly. 1845 STEPHEN 
Comm. Laws Eng. v1. vii. § 14 (1895) 1V. 221 If the drunken- 
ness be accompanied with riotous or disorderly behaviour. . 
imprisonment for any term not exceeding one month, with 
or without hard labour, may be imposed. 1879 Cassedl’s 
Techn. Educ. wi. 163 Disorderly conduct is always severely 
punished. 1891 Laz 7 tes XC. 412/1 [He] appeared to be 
under the influence of drink, and was behaving in a most 
disorderly manner. Afod. He was charged with being drunk 
and disorderly. 

b. spec. in Law. Violating public order or 
morality; constituting a nuisance; esf. in disor- 
derly house (see quot.1877) ; dtsorderly person, one 
guilty of one of a number of offences against public 
order as defined by various Acts of Parliament, esp. 
5 Geo.IV, c. 83. § 3. 

1744 Act 17 Geo. IT, c. 5. § t They who threaten to run 
away and leave their wives or children to the parish; or 
unlawfully return to a parish from whence they have been 
legally removed ; or, not having wherewith to maintain 
themselves, live idle, and refuse to work for the usual 
wages; and all persons going from door to door, or placing 
themselves in streets, etc., ig Weg in the parishes where they 
dwell, shall be deemed Idle and Disorderly Persons. 1809 
Tomutns Law Dict., Disorderly houses, see Bawdy Houses; 
Riots; Theatres, 1817 Parl. Ded. 435 Be it enacted, that 
every house, room or place, which shall be opened or used 
as a place of meeting for the purpose of reading books, 
pamphlets, newspapers, or other publications .. shall be 
deemed a disorderly house or place, unless the same shall 
have been previously licensed. 1824 Act 5 Geo. /V, c. 83. 
§ 3. .... every petty chapman or pedlar wandering abroad 
and trading, without being duly licensed or authorized by 
law....[etc. etc.] shall be deemed an idle and disorderly 
person within the true intent and meaning of this act. 1877 

. F. Srernen Digest Crim. Law (1883) 122 The following 
houses are disorderly houses, that is to say : common bawdy 
houses, common gaming houses, common betting houses, 
disorderly places of entertainment. 1887 7imes 30 Sept. 8/3 
‘The charge of keeping. .a disorderly house. 

+3. Affected with disorder or disturbance of the 
bodily functions; diseased, morbid. Ods. 

1655 CuLrerrer Riverius 1. vii. 121 A thin watery Humor 
or Choller which abounds in the blood, and makes it more 
disorderly. 

4. Attended with mental agitation or discompo- 
sure. rare. 

1871 R. Extis Catulius \xv. 24 She in tell-tale cheeks 
glows a disorderly shame. 


Disorderly, adv. 
disorderly manner. 

1. Without order or regular arrangement ; con- 
fusedly, irregularly ; in disorder or confusion. 

1577 Gascoicne Devise of a Masque, etc. (R.) On other 
side the Turkes .. Disorderly did spread their force. 
Exam, H, Barrow, etc. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IL. 17 
Suggestions against me, disorderly framed according to the 
malitious humour of mine accuser. 16x J . Haywarp tr, 
Biondi's Eromena 37 With their heire ging disorderly 
about their eares. 1745 P. Tuomas rnd. Anson's Voy. 182 
The Husbandmen at first sow it [rice] disorderly, like other 
Corn. 1847 Tennyson Princess 1. 152 ‘To horse’ Said 
Ida; ‘home ! to horse !’ and fled .. Disorderly the women. 

2. Not according to order or rule; in a lawless 
or unruly way; tumultuously, riotously. 

1564 Brief Exam. +iij, Their amendement who haue dis- 
orderlye behaued them selues. Ka Lamparpve £tren, u. 
v. (1588) 185 An unlawfull Assemblie, is the companie of 
three or mo persons, disorderly i 1g +. to 
commit an vnlawfull acte. x61x Biote 2 7'Aess. iii. 6 That 
ye withdraw your selues from e brother that walketh 
disorderly, Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 528 The 
Polish letters bring, that the dyet .. was lately broken up 
very disorderly. 1843 fe H. Newman Miracles 58 ‘They 
could use them di: rly. 

8. With mental agitation or discomposure. rare, 

3811 W. R. Spencer Poems 211 Disorderly she own'd her 
glorious passion. 

+ Diso'rderous, a. Os. [f. DisorDER sd. + 
-0US.] = DISORDERLY a. Hence + Diso'rderously 
adv., + Diso'rderousness. 

_1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 11s/t They whiche 
liue disorderously, and giue euill example to the rest. /did. 
119/2 If there be any disorderous or disolute person. /did. 
143/1 If they see any dronkardes, if they see any whore- 
dome, and such like disorderousnesse, 1§81 J. Bett Had- 
don's Answ. Osor. 215, One onely disorderous order of 
people. /éi%. 323 The disorderous abuses of all your religion. 


[f. as prec.+-L¥?.] Ina 


Pf HAucER Boeth. v. pr. i, 150 What 
ben teh. feord 


DISORGANIZATION. 
a Ay nema ts. andenn nT ERE 


“f Diso'rdinance. Oés. Forms: 4-5 dis-, 
dys-, -orden-, -ordin-, -ordyn-aunce, 5-6 -or- 


donaunce. [a. OF. desordenance, later -on(n)- 
ance, f, desor (now -ordonner) to DISORDAIN : 
see -ANCE.] Disorder, confusion, irregularity. 


my3tle] 
. to folie and to disordinaunce syn bat god ledip 
.. alle pinges by ordre? 148r Caxton Tully's Friendship, 
Orat. G. Flaminius Eiv, They have sette it in grete 
ble and disordi -e. — myer fe I. xvi. 48 
Noo thyng is mor preiudicyable in a ille than dysor- 
donaunce. 1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) tv. xiii. 
205 Yf he haue not other disordonaunce. 
+Diso'rdinate, a. Os. Forms: a. 4-7 disor- 
dinat, 5 dys-, disordynate, disordenate, 6- dis- 
ordinate. £. 5-6 des-, dys-,6 disordon(n)ate. 
[Latinized form of OF. desordené (=Sp. desorde- 
nado, It. disordinato), pa. pple. of desordener to 
Disorparn. Cf. the synonym DeorDINATE from 
med.L. *deordinare, and see De- I. 6.) 

1. Not conformed to moral order, or to what is 
right, befitting, or reasonable; transgressing the 
bounds of moderation or propriety ; unrestrained, 
immoderate, inordinate. (Cf. DiSoRDERLY a. 2.) 

1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 348 The horrible disordinat 
scantnesse of clothing. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 34/2 For 
this cause putteth gylbert the necglygence of prelates —- 
the thyngys dysordynate. 1 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de 
W. 1506) 1. vii. 75 [The soul] falleth by affeccion in loue 
dysordonate in to powder & asshes of thyn; erthely. 
1577 Nortuprooke Dicing (1843) 171 They ince with 
disordinate gestures..to dishonest verses. 1579 TwyNr 
Phisicke agst. Fort. u. x\viii. 223 b, Although the lyfe of 
man in many other thinges be disordinate and out of course. 
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav, 117 Winter — 
in May, because of the disordinate raines which fall from 
that Moneth to the end of August. a1693 Urqunarr 
Rabelais 11. xxxii. 271 Disordinate Passions and Perturba- 
tions of the Mind. 

b. of persons. 

1483 Caxton Cato Aij, By whiche they be the more dis- 
ordynate and obstynate in their Iniquite. 1574 HeLLowrs 
Gueuara's Fam, Ep. 4 A Prince .. disordinate in eating, 
and not sober in drinking, is termed but vicious. 
Mitton Hist, Eng. ut. (1851) 99 They .. unfitted .. 
People, now grown worse al more disordinat, to receave.. 
any Liberty. 1671 — ranges! With sickness and disease 
thou bow’st them down.. Though not disordinate, yet 
causeless suffering The punishment of dissolute days. 

2. Devoid of order, confused, irregular; = D1s- 
ORDERLY a. 1, (Only in De Quincey.) 

1822-56 De Quincey Confess. Wks. V. 146 This private 
Oswestry library wore something of the same wild tumul- 
tuary aspect, fantastic and disordinate, 1840 — Style Wks. 
XI. 182 Artifices peculiarly adapted to the powers of the 
Latin language, and yet. .careless and disordinate. 

Hence + Diso'rdinateness, O/s. 

1657 Divine Lover 113 When shall disordinatenesse be 
blotted out of thee? 

+ Diso'rdinately, adv. Ods. [f. prec. +-L¥*.] 

1. Not according to order, propriety, or modera- 
tion; irregularly ; inordinately, excessively. 

1474 Caxton Chesse 1. i. Aiv, To displese .. synne 
& the peple by lyuyng disordonatly. 764d.’ i Fijb, 
‘They deceyve the symple men & drawen them tothe courtes 
disordenately. — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xivii. 
83a/t They that louen dysordynatly the honoures of th’ 
worlde. 148 Hatt Chron, Hen. V. (an. 2) asby 

id disordinatly spent 


nea as cud ether srcieal pacseoss.. qe Gach? 
rely s other s; is 
Po 7 The king would take into his hands the dis- 
inately consumed by the Clergy. 
2. Without order or arrangement, confusedly, ir- 
regularly. 
1830 De Quincey Kant in Misc. Ess, Wks. (1890) VILL. 92 


No matter how clumsily, disordinately, u 
— Antobiog. Wks. 11, 18 The. .library..has been i- 


"| Disordina-tion. ls. [n. of action and 


condition from DISORDAIN v., DISORDINATE@.: see 
-ATION.] Disarrangement, putting out of order ; 
disordered condition ; = DEORDINATION. 

1626 Bacon Sylva f 36 This is wrought by Emission. .of 


uly, 
so 


the Natiue Spirits ; also by the Disordination and Dis- 
composture of the Tangible Parts. 1684 T. Burner 7%. 
Earth 1. 156 How comes this dist and disordination 


in nature ? 
Disordined: see DisorDAINED 2. 
Disording: see Disorperne a. Obs. 
Disordonat, -aynce: see DISORDINATE, -ANCE. 
(dispigeenik), a. [D1s- 10.] Not 
organic; without organic or organized constitution. 
1840 Cartye //erves v. (1872) 156 This anomaly of a dis- 
organic Literary C — Past §& Pr. i. vi. (1872) 
247 This disorganic..hell-ridden world. 
Disouganiza’ton. [ad. F. désorganisation 
n Hatz.-Darm.), n. of action eee”: 
rs to ve 


Burke's Wks. 

of ion of Paché, 
which has completely disorganized the supply of our armies ; 
which by that di: i c Du- 
mourier to stop in the middle of its conquests. Wet- 
tincTon in Gurw. Desf. 1V. 458 He found the Portuguese 
a 


Y 


=) ee 


: DISORGANIZE. 


army..in such a state of disorganization, that [etc.]. 1833 
Hr. Martineau Loom & Lugger u. v. 80 ‘The total dis- 
organization of society. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 383 Dis- 
organization or atrophy of the lobular substance of the 
liver. Exam. 10 Dec. 5/2 Half measures .. 
are fruitful only of disorganization and discontent. 

Di e@ (dispiganoiz), v. [ad. F. désor- 
ganiser (1764 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + 
organiser to ORGANIZE.] trans. To destroy the 
organization or systematic arrangement of; to 
break up the organic connexion of; to throw into 


confusion or disorder. ; 

1793 Burke Conduct Minority Wks. 1842 I. 618 Their 
ever memorable decree of the re of Decaaer I ens 
oe gee izing every country in Europe, into which they 
should..set their foot. 1802 A. Hamitton ks. “_ Wid: 

24 ‘This will give him fair play to disorganize New Eng- 
oo if so disposed. 1812 Conan Treat. Law Idiots 
& Lunaticks 1. 68 (Jod.), You can not enter into the mind to 
know by what means it is disorganized, but you find it 
disorganized. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 478 The Whigs 
+, though defeated, disheartened, and disorganized, did not 
yield without an effort. 

ed, fl. a. [f. prec. + -ED].] 
Deprived or destitute of organization ; having lost, 
or being without, organic connexion or systematic 
arrangement; thrown into confusion, disordered. 

1812 [see DisorGanize]. 1840 Macautay £ss. Clive 
(1854) _529/x A succession of revolutions ; a disorganized 
administration. 1868 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art Add. 199 
A vast and disorganized mob, scrambling each for what he 
can get. 1 Haran Eyesight v. 53 The operation for 
the removal of a disorganized eye is not a serious one. 

Diso'rganizer. [f. as prec. + -Ex1.] One 
who or that which disorganizes. 

798 Heten M. Wituiams Lett. on France 11. 131 (Jod.) 
[They] discredit the cause of liberty. . by treating as atheists, 
that is to say, as universal disorganizers, its partisans and 


friends. 1835 New Monthly ces & XLV. 301 If he had . 
0 


lived in the French revolution he should have been a great 
disorganiser. 1894 D. G. Tompson in Jorn (U.S.) Jan. 

That greatest disorganizer of society. . war. 
*Disorganizing, spl.a. [f.as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That disorganizes; causing disorganization. 

1796 C. Burney Metastasio III. 254 Her unprincipled, 
philosophical, and oe successor. 1799 W. TayLor 
in Monthly Rev. XXVIII. 525 Freych principles have been 
called disorganizing. 1800 J, Bowes Polit. & Moral State 
Soc. 160 note, The disorganizing and licentious principles 
of the French Revolution. 1895 Century Mag. Aug. 549/1 
‘They weaken the body by .. violent, depressing, and dis- 
organizing emotions, 

+ Diso‘rient, v. Ods. [ad. F. désorienter to turn 
from an eastward position, cause to lose one’s bear- 
ings, embarrass, f. des- Dis- 4 + ortenter to ORIENT. ] 
trans. To turn from the east; to cause to ‘lose one’s 
bearings’; to put out, disconcert, embarrass. 

1655 J. Jennincs Z/ise 48 "T'was Philippin who was dis- 
oriented, but more Isabella. 1740 Warsurton Div. Legat. 
v. (R.), I doubt then the learned professor was a little dis- 
oriented when he called the promises in Ezekiel and in the 
Revelations the same. 1835 Syp. Smitu Memoir, etc. (1855) 
II. 356, I hope you will disorient yourself soon. The de- 
parture of the wise men from the East seems to have been 
on a more extensive scale than is generally supposed. 

Disorientate (disderiénte't), v. [Dis- 6.] 
trans, To turn from an eastward position ; fa. pple. 
not facing due east. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., cited in Johnson. 1730-6 
Baiey (folio), Disorientated (spoken of a sun-dial), turn'd 
away from the east, or some of the cardinal points. 1850 
Lcclesiologist X1. 79 S. John the Evangelist [Guernsey] is 
a district church, built in 1836. It is disorientated. 1 
Ibid. XIV. 361 It has a chancel .. strangely disorientat 
towards the south. 

b. fig. ; 

1727-51 Cuambers Cyc. s.v., The word is most frequently 
used .. for the disconcerting, or putting a man out of his 
way, orelement. Speak of ew to a physician, or of physic 
toa lawyer, and they will both be disorientated. 

Disorienta‘tion. [n. of action f. prec. vb.] 

1. The condition of being disorientated ; deviation 
from the eastward position. 

1860 Ecclesiologist XXI1. 400 A Roman Catholic church 
at Wrexham, which, by its intentional disorientation, looks 
very awkward by the side of. .the new church of S. Mark. 

2. The condition of having lost one’s bearings ; 
uncertainty as to direction. 

1882 W. James in Amer. Ann. Deaf & Dumb Apr. (1883) 
109 [One lost in woods or forgetting in the dark the position 
of his bed] knows the altogether peculiar discomfort and 
anxiety of such ‘ disorientation’ in the horizontal plane. 

+ Diso'rnament, v. Ods.rvare. [Dis- 6 or7a.] 
trans. To deprive of ornament. 

Nasue Christ's T. (2613) 58 The disornamenting of 
this mother of Cities. 1648 E. Sparxe in J. Shute Sarah § 
H. (1649) Ep. Ded., The very E i of all Ingenuity, 
which it. .rifles and disornaments. 

Disosit, obs. Sc. f. DisusED. 

+ Disour. Obs. (exc. Hist.) Forms: 4 disur, 
disour, dyssour, 4-6 dysour, 5 dysowre, 6 disor, 
dyser, dyzar, disare, dissar, (9 7st. dissour, 
disour).. [a. OF. disour, -eor, -or, -eur, agent-n. 
from dire, dis-ant to say. Cf. Pr. dézedor, Sp. de- 
cidor, It. dicitore, repr. a Romanic type *dicitorem, 
from L. dicéreto say, tell. Seealso Dizzarp.] A (pro- 
fessional) story-teller; a reciter of ‘ gestes’ ; a jester. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 27932 (Cott.) Speche o disur, rimes vn- 
right, gest of Jogolur. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace 


475 


(Rolls) Prol. 75, I mad nought for no disours .. Bot for pe 
luf of symple menne, Pat strange Inglis canne not kenne. 
1362 Lancv. P. PZ. A. vit. 50 Hold not pou with harlotes, 
here not heore tales..For pei ben pe deueles disours, I do 
pe to vndurstonde. 1377 /di. B. x11. 172 ‘Itis but adido’, 
quod pis doctour, ‘a aes tale’. 1496 Dives & Paup. 
(W. de W.) 1x. vi. 355/2 This mynstrall is the worlde 
whiche playeth with folke of this worlde as a mynstrall as 
a Jogulour and asadysour. 1530 PatsGr. 214/1 Dissar, a 
scoffer, saigefol. 1 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 374/1 
He playeth the deuils disor euen in this point. 1801 Strutr 
Sports & Past. ui. iii, 162 The conteurs and the jestours, who 
are also called dissours, and seggers .. were literally tale- 


tellers. 1890 Q. Kev. Oct. 439 Disours, jongleurs, gleemen. 
Disown (disén), v.  [f. Dis- 6+ Own v.: cf. 
disclaim, 


(In some recent dictionaries, this and the simple Ow have 
each been improperly split up into two verbs, sense 3 being 
erroneously assumed to be derived from OE. uxnan to 
grant, with which it has no connexion: see Own v.)] 

+1. trans. To cease to own, to relinquish one’s 
possession of ; to give up, part with, renounce. 

c1620 H. Anperson Bidding World Farewell in Farr 
S.P. Fas, [ (1848) 304 The houre is set wherein they must 
disown The royal pomp, the treasure, and the throne. 

2. To refuse to acknowledge as one’s own, or as 
connected with oneself; not to own; to renounce, 


repudiate, disclaim. 

1649 St. Trials, Col. Lilburn (R.) You say it is im- 
possible for you .. without advice of counsel to own or dis- 
own books. 1659 D. Pett /wpr. Sea 415 Vhat Christ will 
disown, and reject many that have strong hopes .. of their 
Salvation. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 130 ‘The king .. had 
not the least Regard to his Word, and even disown’d a 
Letter he had written to. .the King of France. 1777 FRANK- 
Lin Lett. Wks. (1889) VI. 117, I see... that Mr. Deane is 
disowned in some of his agreements with officers, 1832 
Hr. Martineau Homes Abroad i. 4 He had for some time 
disowned them as sons. 1856 Frouve //ist. ng. (1858) I. 
ii. 116 ‘The prince .. was .. required to disown .. the obli- 
gations contracted in his name. 


b. To refuse to acknowledge the authority of | 


(a government, etc.) over oneself; to renounce 
allegiance to. 

1693 Luttrett Brief Rel. (1857) III. 89 Sir George 
Downing, who disowned this government at the beginning 
of the revolution .. has taken the oaths. 1726 Adv. Café. 
R. Boyle 127 Their Mufti..disowns the Emperor's Au- 
thority. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. II]. 705 As soon as 
James was restored, it would be a duty to disown and with- 
stand him. ‘The present duty was to disown and withstand 
his son in law. 

ec. In the Society of Friends: To disclaim as a 
fellow-member ; to expel from membership. 

1727 Minutes of Yearly Mecting of Soc. Friends 26 
Mar. (J. Phillips, 1783), Any person denied by a Monthly 
Meeting is adjudged as disowned by Friends and to stand 
and remain in that state, till by his repentance .. he is 
reconciled to Friends, or reinstated in membership among 
them. _ 1783-1883 Book of Discipline of Soc. Friends 204 
Which Meeting is to receive his acknowledgment or to dis- 
own him, as in its judgment the case shall require. 1806 
[see DisowNMeENT]. 

+3. To refuse to acknowledge or admit (anything 
imputed, claimed, or asserted) ; to deny. Obs, 

1666 Pepys Diary 24 June, He do not disowne but that 
the dividing of the fleet... was a good resolution. 1701 
De For True-born Eng. Pref., Nor do I disown .. that I 
could be glad to see it rectified. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4752/2 
The Court no longer disown his. .Majesty’s Arrival. 1726 
Leon A lberti’s Archit. 1. 26/1 We cannot disown that it 
has one Fault. 

Hence Disow'ned £f/. a., Disowning v0/. sb. 

1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 675 A disowning of their 
Quarrel by the Gods. 1 Norris Treat. Humility iii. 
119 A constructive disowning, and vertual denial of our 
having received what we have from God. 1813 Mar. Epce- 
wortH Patron. II. xxiv. 70 Lord Oldborough had uever, 
after the disowning of Buckhurst, mentioned his name. 1829 
Lytton (¢i#/e), The Disowned. 

+ Disow'nable, z. Ods.  [f. prec. + -ABLE.] 
Liable to be disowned ; sfec. rendering one liable 
to be disowned (sense 2 c). 

Scnarr Encycé. Relig. Knowl, (1882-3) 111.197 From 1696 
to 1776 the society nearly every year declared ‘the importing, 
parehaae, or sale of slaves’ by its members to be a ‘disown- 
able offerice’. 

Disownment. [f. as prec. + -menT.] The 
act of disowning, renunciation ; sec. repudiation 
from membership in the Society of Friends. 

1806 CLarkson Port. Quaker. 1. Discipline i. § 11.195 He 
is then publicly excluded from membership, or, as it is 
called, Disowned. ‘This is done by a distinct document, 
called a Testimony of Disownment. 1883 Book of Dis- 
— of Soc. Friends 203 The Monthly Meeting should, 

ter due consideration, issue a testimony of disownment 
against such person. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 14 Sept., 
The disownment and desertion [of Burns] by Jean Armour. 

+ Disoxidate, v. Chem. Obs. [Dis- 6.] 
trans. To reduce from the state of an oxide: = 
Deox1patE. Hence Diso‘xidating Z//. a.; also 
Disoxida‘tion = DEOXIDATION. 

180r CueNevix in Phil. Trans. XCI. 240 A very small 
mixture of any disoxidating substance. 1802 SmiTHsoN 
bid. XCIII. 26 The disoxidation of the zinc calx. 1817 
Coreripce Biog. Lit. etc. 403 A handicraftsman from a 
laboratory, who had just succeeded in disoxydating an earth. 

+ Disoxygenate, v. Chem: Obs. [D1s- 6.] 
trans. To deprive of oxygen: =DEOXYGENATE. 
Hence Disoxygenated ///. a.; also Disoxy- 
gena‘tion = DEOXYGENATION. 

1800 Henry Zfit. Chem, (1808) 137 The sulphur is not 


DISPARAGE. 


entirely disoxygenated. /di¢, 177 ‘The affinity of this acid 
for its base is weakened by dis-oxygenation, 1822 Im1son 
Se. & Art II. 199 Indigo will not combine with the cloth 
except in its disoxygenated or green state. 1831 BrewstER 
Optics x. gr Two sets of invisible rays in the solar spectrum, 
one on the red side which favours oxygenation, and the 
other on the violet side which favours disoxygenation. _ 

+ Dispa‘ce, v. Os. [A Spenserian formation 
of doubtful derivation. Perh. f. Drs- 1+ Pace z. ; 
or else f. L. di-, Di-! + spatiari, It. spaziare to 
walk.) dtr. and ref. To walk or move about. 

1588 Spenser Virgil’s Guat 295 ‘Thus wise long time he 
did himselfe dispace There round about. 1591 — Wuzofot. 
250 But when he spide the joyous Butterflie In this faire 
plot dispacing too and fro. 1610G, FLetcuer Christ’s Tri. 
after Death (R.), [The Saints) in this lower field dispacing 
wide, Through windy thoughts, that would their sails mis- 
guide. 

+ Dispa‘ck, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis-6+ Pack v.: 
cf. OF. despacguer to unpack (1496 in Godef.).] 
trans. ‘To unpack, to open out. 

1591 SYLVESTER Du Partas 1.i. 518 When God the mingled 
lump dispackt, From fiery element did light extract. 

Dispa‘geant, v. rare. [Dis- 7b.] 

To strip of pageantry or brilliant display. 

1861 Lytron & Fane Vannhduser 74 The mighty Hall 
Dumb, dismally dispageanted. 

+ Dispaint, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 1+ Paint 
v.: cf. depatnt.]_ trans. To paint diversely. 

1590 SrENsER F, Q. 11. ix. 50 His chamber was dispainted 
all within With sondry colours. 

+ Dispai‘r, v.! Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ Pair v.] drans. 
To undo the pairing of, separate from being a pair. 

1598 SyivesteR Yu Bartas u. ii. mt. Colonies 41 The 
grissell ‘Turtles (seldome seen alone) Dis-payer'd and parted, 
wander one by one. ¢1611 Beaum. & FL. 7 rdumph of Love 
vii, I have .. dispaired two doves, Made ‘em sit mourning. 
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1611) 1V. x. 60 Engagements 
vee the minds are unpaired—disfairvd in my case, may 

say. 

+ Dispair‘e, v.2 Os. [var.of Depair, a. OF. 
despetrer, depetrer to spoil. Cf. also DisPayre 56.] 
intr. To spoil, become injured, ‘ go bad’. 

1573 Tusser //usé, lvii. (1878) 136 Kell dried [hops] will 
abide foule weather or faire, where drieng and lieng in luft 
doo dispaire. 

Dispaire, obs. form of DESPAIR. 

+ Dispa‘late, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Pavare 
v.) trans. To make or find unpalatable, disrelish. 

1630 Bratuwait “vg. Gen‘lem. (1641) 75, His Vocation, 
which perchance by our nicer and more curious gallants .. 
will be distasted and dispalated. 

+ Dispa‘le, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 7a.) trans. 
To deprive of its pale or enclosing fence. 

1658 J. Jones Ovid's /é/s 51 An adulterous wife is Acteons 
park dispal’d. 

+Dispa'nd, v. Ods. [ad. L. déspand-cre, f. 
Dis- 1 + fandéve to spread, stretch.] ¢rans. To 
spread abroad, to expand. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dispand (dispando), to stretch out 
or spread abroad. 1657 ‘TomLinson Nenou's Disp. Ded., 
The rayes of your Learning being dispanded. 1669 WorLipcE 
Syst. Agric. (1681) 56 This Seed..being cast into its proper 
Matrix or Menstruum..doth dispand its self, and increase 


trans. 


into the form and matter by Nature designed. 1692-1732 
Corrs, Expand, dispand, display. 
+Dispa‘nnel, vw. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 


PANNEL v.] ¢rans. To deprive of a ‘ pannel’ or 
saddle-cloth. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1v. xx. 267 Behind dispannell’d 
Sancho rode. F 

+Dispa‘nsion. Obs. rare—°. 
from Dispanp.] = EXPansion. 

1658 Puitiirs, Dispansion, a spreading both wayes. 1755 
Jounson, Déispansion, the act of displaying; the act of 
spreading ; diffusion ; dilatation. : 

Dispansive (dispz‘nsiv), a. [f. L. dispans-, 
ppl. stem of dispandére to DisPAND: see -IVE.] 
(See quot.) 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dispansive, term applied to a system 
of lenses which has a negative focal distance. Used in 
opposition to a system of lenses with positive focal distance, 
which is termed collective. 

Dispantheonize, dispa’palize: see Dis- 6. 

+ Dispar, «a. Obs. rare. [ad.L. dispar, f. Dis- 
4+ far equal.] Unequal, unlike. 

1587 Misfort. Arthur w. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 323 Dis- 
par minds and inward moods unlike. 

Dispar(e, obs. form of DEsParr. 

+Disparable, ¢. Os. rare. [f. L. déspar 
unequal, or f, L. dispar-are to separate, divide ; 
perhaps after ComMPARABLE.]_ Unlike. 

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton)1. iil. (1859) 4 Dyuerse and dis- 
parayble, bothe in theyr persounes, and ..occupacyons. 

+ Dis a‘radise, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7¢.] 
trans. To turn out of paradise. Also fig. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 78 Thou that ere this hast 
disparradiz’d our first Parent Adam. 1623 Cockeram, Dis- 
paradized, falne from happinesse to miserte. 

+ Dispa‘rage, s/. Ols. Also 4-5 des-, dis- 
perage. [ME. desparage, dispera'ge, a. OF, des-* 
parage unworthy marriage (Godef.), f. as next.] 

1, Inequality of rank in marriage; an unequal 
match; disgrace resulting from marriage with one 
of inferior rank. 

¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 54 Ne may hem falle after thys lyf Non 
on-worth desperage. c¢ 1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7. 852 Hym 

60* -2 


[n. of action 


DISPARAGE. 
it were 


wate tyne Ray yt 4 ‘To Ws entags 09 lowe fx 
shales wate he that ‘hath the = mane in 
~Qwew 
FEE Vaccaded ter doh cock a Chuees 
2. Il-matchedness ; incongruity, ; 
€ Hymns Virg, (1862) 74 Pride in age Doip disperage. 


3. aptregement, dishonour, 

a xgsoa H. Sarr Hs, (1867) 11, 481 Lf forbear, .1 blush, 
I fear His ite and my disparage, 1615 Hevwoon Fowre 
Prentises 1, 1874 Uh x65, 1 hold it wo disparage to 
birth, Though | be an Earle, to haue il 
the full knowledge of the Mercers ‘Trade. 

(dispaeredg), v. Also 4 des-, 5 
dys-; 5 dysparych, 7 disparadge, -parrage, 
“parge. [a. OF. ee desperager to match 


or cause to marry unequally; later ‘to offer vato, | 


or im 
(Cotgr.), f. des, Dis- 4 + pavage equality of rank.) 
+1. @ans. To match unequally; to degrade or 
dishonour by marrying to one of inferior rank, Oés. 
(aga Brrvvon um, iit, $4 Et si acune de juvene by her 
mari¢ a tiel ou ele est desparagé, frans?. If any 
heir of tender years be married where she is di el.) 
€13g0 Will, Palerne 485, 1 nel leie mi loue so low .. Des- 
paraged were i disgisili 3if i dede in pis wise. 1480 Caxton 
Chron, Bug. coxvil. 204 Moch was this fayr damysel dys- 
paraged sith that she was maryed ayenst al the comune 
asseat of England, 1611 Corux., 4pparage, a maid thats 
maried vato her equall, or, thats not disparaged. 1779-81 
Jounson L. , Pope Wks LV. 113 History relates that she 
was about to disparage herself by a marriage with an inferior. 
2. To bring discredit or reproach upon ; to dis- 
honour, discredit; to lower in credit or esteem. 


on a man vafit, or vnworthie conditions’ | 


¢ 1386 Chaucer Xeeve's 7. 351 Who dorste be so boold to, 


disparage My doghter that is come of swich lynage? @ 1400 
Pistill of Susan 253 Heo keuered vp on hir y ry and 
cussed his hand: For I am dampned, I ne dar dis) areas 
bi moub. 1486 Bk, St. Albans Bij b, Then is the hawke 
disparagid for all that yere. 1612 Be. Hart Xevodd. 7 reat. 
(2614) 657 The place oft-times disparages; As, to put the 
Arke of God into a Cart, or to set it by Dagon.  16g1 Haxr- 
cLirre Virtues 406 Men disparage Religion who profess it, 
and do not guide their Actions according to its Strines, 
1754 Foors Anighés 1 Wks. 1799 1. 69 If you tell father he ‘ll 
knock my brains out, for he says I'll disparage the family. 
1854 Brewster More Words Pref. 6 A view .. calculated 
to disparage the science of astronomy. 

+3. a. To lower in position or dignity; to de- 
grade. b. To lower in one's own estimation ; to 
cast down. Ods. 

1496 Dives & Pans. (W. de W.) vi xv. 2538/1 Cryste .. 
anentysshed hymself and dysparyched hymselfe in to the 
lykenesse of a seruaunt. 15948 Hari Chron, Hen, V1 (an, 
28) 160 Lest they shoulde .. declare his base byrthe, and 
lowsy lynage, desparagyng him from his usurped surname 
of Mortymer, 1ggo Spenser /. Q. ut. x. 2 How shall fraile 
pen, with fear disparaged, Conceive such soveraine glory and 
qreat bountyhed? 1614 H. Gaeenwoov Jayde Delerery 471 

‘bey that are troubled and amazed at their sinnes, let them 
not be disparaged. 1704'S Pors Let. to Wycheriey 25 Jan., 
1 am disparaged and disheartened by your commendations. 
1716 Avpison Drammer 1. i, Vl not disparage myself to be 
a Servant in a House that is haunted. 

4. To speak of or treat slightingly; to treat as 
something lower than it is; to undervalue; to 
vilify. 

1936 Craxmer in Four C. Eng. Lett. 14 They should not 
esteem any part of your grace’s honour to be touched 
thereby, but her honour only to be clearly disparaged. 1599 
Snaks. Muck Ado us. ii. 131, | will disparage Ga no farther, 
till you are my witnesse. @ 1656 Br. ix Rem, Wks. 
(1660) 161 One dares question, yea disparage the sacred 
Scriptures of God. 1660 Hickerincit, Jamaica (1661) 20 
‘The Composition of. .Chocoletta is now so vulyar, that I will 
not disparage my Reader by doubting his acquaintance in 
so known a Recipe. 1gag Burnet Own Time (1766) LL. 48 
‘Took it ill of me that I should disparage the kings evidence. 
1837-9 Hariam Ast. Lit, LV. vi. wv. $16. 267 ka a very 
narrow criticism which di es Racine out of idolatry 
of anus. 1859 Mit L ther ty ii, (1865) 26/1 It is the 
fashion of the present time to disparage negative logic. 

Hence Disparraged p//. a. 

x6ax Corcr., Desparagé, disparaged. 80a Bevvoes 
Aygtia v.22 Would not the disparaged milk afford whole- 
1885 GLAvsTons Se Com, 23 Feb., A 

4 


“Bispa Government and ‘it “ ouse of j 

yrageable, «. [f. Disranacey. + -a BLE. 

+1. Tending to disparage or bring disgrace upon ; 

lowering, disgraceful. Ob. a 

1627 Coruns Def Bp. Ely us, vii. 276 there be any 
aes 


some aliment? 


thing more d 
N. R. Casuden's Hest. —_s 53 They disdained this mar- 


r ©... a8... 
hank. Pacif. 2x Much lesse let it be held .. 
ra ee a a Se. 

2. ‘To be disparaged. 
1648 J. Gooowin Kighé 
Army is not 


2 Mem 22 The onthe of the 
of evill, that it may bri -* 


wie A possibility or likelyhood 
% (disperedgmént). Also 6 
S t. 


[ OF. desparagement, £. desparager Di ) 
a. OF. ISPABAGE. 
, t Marriage to one of inferior rank ; the disgrace 
or dishonour involved in such a misalliance. Cds. 
bo a 
1§23 Surv. xii, 23 If vomaryed, than hi 
maryage to ee 
ment. Lampaave Peramd. Kent (1826) @1$77 
Sur T. Sarr Comemere. Eng. ui. v. (R.) Couenable s ii 
without eS 6 ee 
disparagement. 1651 [see 


| with soft and supp 


476 


PARITY spy Mearesan Rees Hank HE os Beans hemes 

tthe pat A 8g, Serwe, (1841) 325 In mar. 
3 \ we, SANDYS 1841 

te Ve] : whom 


¢ 

oon eee it h us to be 
we be of the of professing one true 
we het woh the disparagement wherein is the cause of 

2. Lowering of value, honour, or estimation ; dis- 
honour, indignity, d ce, discredit ; that which 
causes or bri oss of dignity, ete. 

86 Act 3 Hen, WIE 0 0 Wegen, Nate. See oe 
.. Disparagements ‘omen, 1g90 SHaks, Com, 
Err. i. i. 149 Passed sentence may not be recal'd But to our 
h great di Ag 1998 — Merry W.1. i, 31 1 
Sir John Falstafle haue itted disp ts vato 
you, Bacon Adv. Learn. 1, viii. § 3. 43 To haue com- 
mandement ouer Gally-slaues is a disparagement, rather than 
an honour, 1644 Mivvon Jadgme. Sucer (1851) 303 In that 
Doctoral Chair, where once the learnedest of bee 
thought it no dis; ement to sit at his feet. 1676 Cotes 
Eng. Dict. Yo Rar. iS no Disparagement to understand 
the Canting Terms: It may chance to save Throat 
from being cut, or (at least) your Pocket from being pick'd. 
176q Reiw /ngwery ii, $6. 108 No disparagement ts meant 
to the understandings of the authors, 1837-9 Hatta //7s¢, 
Lit. (1847) L. xi. $2. 85 Noris this any disparagement to their 
ability, 1869 ald Maéi G11 Oct. 2 These appointments, . 
have brought all the lesser dignities into disparagement. 

3. The action of speaking of in a slighting or 
depreciatory way; depreciation, detraction, under- 
valuing. 

agsgt Greens Art Conny Catch. . (1592) 13 (He) dare 
not lift his plumes in disparagement of my credit. 4x 
J. Gooowin Filled w. the Sperit (1867) 87 That proverb 
disparagement, A fool and his money are soon parted. 1699 
Benriey Pad, Pref. 82 A Disparagement from men of*no 
knowledge in the things they pretend to judge is the least 
of Disparagements. 1761-2 uns Hist, Exg. (1806) 11. 
xlvii. p05 He had expressed himself with great disparage- 
ment of the common law of England. 1859 Lewin /aves. 
Brit, 61 A strong bias towards the glorification of the writer 
and the disparagement of the Britons. 1876 Moztey Unir. 
Serme. v. (1877) 106 We may observe in the New Testament 
an absence of all disparagement of the military life. 

- . [f. Disparace v.+-ER 1) One 
who ¢ ae ape or discredits; one who speaks 
slightingly of, or belittles ; a detractor. 

war Corer, | utuperenr, a dis , di 3 
disparager, disgracer. 1640 Br. Hau Epise. w. xix, 198 
It can be no great comfort or credit to the disparagers of 
Episcopacy. @1715 Hicxes Let. to Nelson in Life Bp. 
Bald 518 (V.) Despisers and disparagers of the ancient 
fathers, 1@aa Lams Alia Ser. 1 Mad. Gallantry, The 
idolator of his female mistress—the disparager spiser 
of his no less female aunt. 1848 Mine Pod. Econ. uw. vit. $2 
(1876) 173 The disparagers of peasant properties. 

pereg as, vod. so, [f. as prec. + -ING 1.) 
The action of the vb. DisPakaGs ; disparagement. 

1 tr, Littdeton’s Tenures 22 b, A convenient i 
wyt disperagyng. 1654 Wuitiock Zoetemia 4465 Dis- 
paragings ns Moralls, Naturalls, Fortunes, Pedigree. 

Diapa veging, 2 a. [fas prec. + -1n@*.) 
‘That disparages ; that speaks of or treats slight- 
ingly, that brings reproach or cliscredit. 

1645 Micron Tefracd. (1851) 199 What can be more oppo- 
site and dis; ing to the cov'nant of love? a 1665 J. 
Goonowin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 395 If we take the 
word ‘1 ‘in any dis ing sense. a Foore Maid 
of B. ur. Wks. 1799 LI. 235 ) to yourself (I don’t speak in 
a disparaging way), your friends are low folks, and fl 
fortune just nothing at all. 1861 W. Batt Dict. Law Scot. 
sv. Desparagement, lf the superior required the heir to 
make an unsuitable or disparaging marriage, he or she 

1888 F. aaa Maa. 


a 


oe ek nay 


_S 
»v Obs. rare. [f& Dis- 6+ 
Pakacon v.] érans. To disparage. 
r6r0 G. Frercnen Chrést’s Tre. Death xxv, Lickt 
Ie blandish hen to dieeameann 


any one who is a 


baad 


his praise. 


t srail, a. Ods. rare. [a. OF. desparail, 
-ei! different (14th c. in Godef.) f. des-, Dus- 4+ 
if equal.) Different, diverse. 
ent (Caxton 1483, repr. 1359) 60 Two ymages 


i (di'sparet), @. and sd. 


F wn, propre divided, pa. pple. 
dre, f. Dis- 1 + pardre to make 


ndas i. Prol., | 


| Muse, Wes. (1871) 


*. 


ge8 228 
i 
: 
iesthae 
eae 
ith 
e i 
A enah 


a 
fi 


j g 
z 
fn: 


See quot.) 


H. Arwarer Elem. Logic ii. $41. 69 Any one 
of given Co-ordinate Species, is called, in to any 
one part of a higher or lower C inate Di under 
the S nus, Disp ‘Thus. .lion, as 
to fish, Shetland pony, or bulliog, is Di 

c. (See quot.) 


1883 Syd. Soc. Lex, Disparate points, two points upon 
Phage retin which, when a ray of li =o 


upon them, 
do not produce similar impressions. oy Fechner ta 
to corresponding points. 
2 a on a disparity. 


1764 T. Prwiirs Life Pole (1767) 1. 6 Which at 


disparate years unit 


Farrar St. Pax 


concepts; things so 
com with each other. 
1586 Bucur Melanch, xii. 59 Contrarts Reais such 


"a rn 
m 


a ee 


| another, but not contrarie, as heat and cold are 


but heat and moisture disparates. reg. Tene Tavucn Kea? 
Pres. 109 It is the style of both the ek 
in signs and representments, where one of 
; as it does here: the body of 
154 


separation : anh 
being disparate ; the opposition of dis 

xiae Z. Coun Legich (xés7) 96 Disparation isan opponhion 
Sa e oop ay pe 
second argument the comparison of the 
next: sce 
miraculous anni- 

WERe Gavccie font. 
+Disparent, «.' (és. rare. [f. L. type 


% 
I 
if 


| 
| 


‘ 


"a. To oust from one’s parish. 


2 Obs, rare, (24. L. dispar 
P rsd unlike, di with Dist. of differ- 
ent; or cha Sieg awed « diversel y de 
Unlike, diverse ; of ae a 
Iliad 1. Comm. tre ie This. deforned 
ie 


Ld nature, being 
often or always exp 
, -ment, oe f.] Dirisine, -MENT. 
+ ‘lity. Obs. rare~°. [ad L. dispart- 
litas, f. aeaerinss =dispar unlike.] = Dispauiry. 
1656 Biounr GC 15 Disparility (disparilitas) in- 
* unlikeness, 


difference. 
‘Tish, v.1 Obs. Also 5 -ys, dysperysh. 
per “igh seiagped stem of disparaitre to 
om an OF. by-form *disfavir, 
To 


F. 
dispariss 


€ 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's 6 \n these wordes the 
wiea® Ibid. 41 Thus she seyed, And 
. -sodanly Misyn Fire of Love 100 All 
eevee. vanes & all end desyres aperis not, bot pa ar 
att ep yd. 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4504 
away disparysid. a 1632 T.'Taviox God's Fudgem. 

1, xv, Summary (1642) 439 These men or rather Angels 

then shed and were never more seen. 

h (disparrif), 7.2 [Dis-7.] trans. 
. To cause to be no 


tf ines to appear.) znér. 


mrp Bancrorr dated HA. Discs, es 5 That all the 


1667 Warer- 
dis-parished and scat- 
“4 Realm 8 Junes ae 


not 


fad. L. ee 
(see DisPaRaTION ), after com-parison.} 
L =Dispariry. 
Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 304 There 
should bee a great disparison betweene them. 
eciatory comparison. 
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 94 Vttered 
sg enuious comparison, or malitious disparison of 
ee Couns cs Def. Bp. Ely. i.g6 Which is evident 


by the ay nny rather, of earthly Kings 

ied 1647 1 —— Taare , Matt. xix.19 They stand 

oe s—I am as good as thou; nay, upon 
mapas, ¢ I am not as this publican’. 

+ “tion. Obs. Also 7 erron. -ation. 

a. F. 


tsparnt) Dy Disa ce; 
1594 Br. J. Kinc On Fonas (1618) 376 A disparition of it 
for a tony as if it were not. Howranp Plutarch’s 


ructions and disparitions. 1654 Z. 

Con Logic (1657) 202 That disparition and — 
away, which Ubiquitaries feign of his Body. 3 f Pik 
iSong UX rey Bs To pr neared the debilitation of 


piapact Sapa r riti). [ad F. PRG 
¢e. in Littré) = It. Le coy Sp. dtsparidad, after 
L Snes, Dis- 4+ paritds Paniry.] 
quality or state of being of unequal rank, 
condition, circumstances, ete.; inequality or dis- 
oy in res of age, amount, number, or 
quality; want ity or equalit 
1597 Hooxer Bed Pol v3 “ivi $3 Decca: Elihu and 
the rest of Job’s the greatest y was but 
in years. G TON Serm. 23, 1am bound to obe 
but with d 1651 G. W. tr. Cowel's 
Inst. 21 A wife .. fit for him without di ieeaciag ox Dee 


ee a ey fae Cortex Ess. Mor. or. Sul. ut. (1703) 59 
yi timate 


} Fiorane bstacle to an in! 

friendship than Poeauality fortune. 1773 GoLpsm. Stoops 

to Cong. of education and fortune. 1828 

ear F. “oe Perth eae, Willing and desirous of fighting 

ip ieteidien eat me Ataraeaice 
‘ROUDE . Eng. (1858) 1. i. 20 No t force 

made shrink from enemies. . 

b. with 


. An instance of this. 
such vast Chasm or 
determine. 


Browne. Chr. Mor. 1. § 27 There may be no 
ILA Pace De Qnducry 1h ae 

AGE De Quincey 11. xix. 
ludicrous and the salient dis- 


unlike or different ; un- 
incongruity. ‘Also 
* 3 eg form of this. 
c Divorce Vill 
‘ 1555 earn D pring  gevad (x78) 75 There is 


ORTH 

Pi (1676) Who coald more tloquentis’. note the 

{of men than Plutarch]? 1646 

Siz T. Browne Psend. Ef. vi. i.276 In which computes there 

are tr. Scheffer's ane! xV.77 
‘You may see what a y i i 

penn Aa I 21 i mahrdapee ole tiben a 

manu 
and that of the South Americans. edly betwers 


= ae eg Py 
seo dear (Bre pre 


bof ch chen 


(edie 7 b+ Park sé. 
Fistre), mod.F. dépar- 
ra trans. To 

park ; to throw open 


ie i dt 'cinhesh Gt) Go ites te Hence 


477 


forest, happen to be fallen downe, disparked, disforested or 
destroied. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, ML ie 23 You haue fed vpon 
We Seignories, Dis-park’d my Parkes, and fell’'d my Forrest 
‘cods. 1664 J. Tavior Confirmation § 4 This device . 
the incldsures, and lays all m common. 1778 Lng 
rc soroee (ed. 2) s.v. Yardley, ‘Vhe manor-house stands ti 
an ancient park, now disparked. 1826 Scorr Woodst. vi, The 
disparking and destroying of the royal residences of Eng- 
land. 1851 Kixcstey Yeast ix, Many a shindy have I had 
here before the chase was disparked. 
b. transf. and fig. (In quot. 1633 = DIsiMPAakk, 
as deer). 

a, rs Hexpert Temple, Forerunners i, Must they have 
m in? must they dispark Those sparkling notions, 

which therein were bred? 1638 Six I. Hexsexr Trav. 92 
He thereupon disparks his Seralio, and flyes thence .. with 
Assaph-chawns daughter only in his company. 1651- 3 Je R. 
Taytor Serm. for Year. xvi. 204 ‘Vhe little undecencies and 
riflings of our souls, the first openings and disparkings of 
our vertue. /did, (1672) 220. 

+ Dispa‘rkle, -pa‘rcle, v.! Obs. Also 5 des-, 
dyspercle, 5-6-parcle, -perkle. [app. a corrupted 
form of the earlier DispaupLe, by association with 
spark, sparkle (in ME. sperclen, sperkle, sparklen). 
(No trace of the corruption appears in French.) ] 

L. “rans. Toscatter abroad, drive apart, disperse ; 
= DISPARPLE I. 

c1449 Pecock Kepr. i. vii. 312 Alle..weren disperclid 
abrode. c14§0 tr. De /mitatione 1. iii, A pure, simple & a 
stable spirit is not disparcled [v.7. disparpled) in many 
werkes, 1491 Chast. Goddes Chyld. xxv. 6g Kiches maye 
lityll and lityll multeplie but sodenli they ben dysperklid. 

Recorve Urin. Physick ix. (1651) 73 Vhere appear .. 
disparkled abroad in the urine..divers kinds of motes. 1601 
Hotranp Pliny II. 45 It disparcleth the mist and dimnesse 
that troubleth the eie-sight. 1611 Sreep //ist. Ct. Grit. 1x. 
xix. (1632) 943 His Fleet was disparkled. a 1634 K. CLexne 
Serm. (1637) 471 (L.) ‘Vheir spawn [is] disparkled over all 


nds. . 

b. intr. for refl.) ‘Lo disperse, scatter them- 
selves abroad ; = DISPARPLE 2. 

1553 Brenner Q. Curtius E iv, 
disparcled, flynge by such wayes as were open for them. 
1983 Stusses Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 78 Not suffering his 
radiations to disparcle abrode. 

2. trans. ‘Yo divide, portion out. 

1538 Lecanp /tiz. 1. 93 A Gentilman .. whos Landes be 
now disparkelid by Heires General to divers Men. 1661 
Ducpace Monasticon 11. 136 In processe the landes of the 
Oilleys wer disparkelyd. 

Hence Disparkled ff/. a., Disparkling /7/. a. 

1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 162/2 Not a company and 
congregation but a dispercled noumber of only good men. 
x611 SreeD Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. § 30 Hee resolued to re- 
collect his disparkeled troupes. 

+ Disparkle, v.* Os. rare. [f. dé-=Dis-1 
+ Posed oes vw.) intr. To sparkle forth. 

1648 Hexnick Nupliall Song iv, Let thy torch Display the 
bridegroom in the porch, In his desires More tow ering, more 
disparkling then thy fires. 

+ Disparple, v. 04s. Forms: 4 desparple, 
-perple, 4-7 disparple (4-; disparpoil(1, -par- 
ble, 5 dys-, disperpil, -parbel, -perble, -perbyl, 
5-6 disperple, 6 -pearple, 7 -purple). Sce also 
DIsPABKLE, DeperreyL. f[a. OF. desparpelier, 
-peillier, -pillier, closely akin to It. sparpagliare, Sp. 
desparpajar, f. Rom. des- (Dis-) + *parpaliare, 


f. *parpilio, *parpalio (It. parpaglione, Pr. parpalho 


Then al hys men for fear" 


butterfly; cf Cat. papal), app. a changed form of | 


L. papilio, -onem. The same verbal root in its 
variant forms appears in OF. es-parpillier, mod.F. 
eparpiller, Cat. es-parpillar, Pr. es-parpalhar: cf. 
mod.Pr. esfarfathd, {. farfalla butterfly. In OF. 
the -z//- belonged orig. to the atonic, the -ez//- to 
the tonic forms, but these were subseq. confused.] 
1. trans. To scatter abroad, disperse, drive in 
different directions ; also, to sprinkle. 
ae Prose Psalter xiiiifi]. 3 pyn bonde desparplist pe 
folk, and — bem. 1382 Wycur Mark xiv. 27, 
A scthal smyte the schepherde, and the scheep of the floc 
schulen be disparplid. 1460 Carcxave Chron. 1 Thoo [ex- 
——- that were disparplied in many sundry bokis, my 
was to bring hem into o bod 7z Siz J. Pastox 
Saaen Lett. No. 692. IIL. Sg fe meny ar dyspar- 
s weye. Caxton Gold. Leg. 56b/1 
jets a Sie ren were nes for to pe chaf. 
1613 Herwoop Silver Age ui. Wks. 1874 II]. 144 Their 
er ea ggg. ee by Alcides’ club. 1615 
ySS. Xs 473 water was Disperpled 
lightly on - head and neck. 
De To divide. ¢. To throw into confusion. 


Se ik on how be di on it 

He schal a tes of synf Ex ge ky 
e 

Catiline xix. 95 Di ord sine isparpeleth and tarneth up 


sette downe 
2 intr. (for ref.) To move or fl 
der, scatter setae dyer, — 
c Mavunpev. ) Prol. 4 A Flock of Scheep withouten 
c 


i! Fasyan C) tne 


vbl. sb. 
op aad hd oad ier 


173 
apouanr ome? Wha tibog 2p Thee 
_* - and sublimated fancies. 1678 
Puiurs, isparpled or or 
ecnaghhs wail ix divers packs 7 boron onetime 


DISPART. 


Disparse, obs. ‘form of DISPERSE, 


Dispart (dispavst), sb. [Derivation uncertain. 


‘Lhere appears to be no related name in any other language. 
An obvious suggestion is that the appellation was derived 
from Diseart v.’, ‘from the mode of ascertaining the dis- 
part, by disparting (dividing i in two) the difference between 
the two diameters’. But it is to be olserved that the term 
with its own verb (Disrart v.”) appears earlier than any 
known occurrence of Disvarr v.!, and that the particular 
sense ‘divide into parts’ is not known to us before 1629.) 

1, The difference between the semi-diameter of a 
gun at the base ring and at the swell of the muzzle, 
which must be allowed for in taking aim. 

1588 Lucan Appendix to Tartaglia's Collog. 4 Every 
Gunner before he shootes must trulie dis parte his pee ©, or 
give allowance for the disparte. 1644 Nye Gunnery is 
(1647) 42 How to make the true Dispart of any Piece of 
Ordnance .. subtract the greater Diameter out of the 
lesser, and take the just "half of the diffe rence, and 
that is the true Dispart, in inches and parts of an inch. 
Ibid, (1670) 45 So much higher as the mark is which you 
made at the Base-Ring) then the Mussel-Ring, so much is 
the true Dispart. 1659 Toxniano, Vivare fuora db 0, 
to shoot at random, or without and beyond the dispart as our 
Gunners term it), 1859 F. A. Gairrisus Artil. Man. (1862) 
so Lhe Angle of disfart is the numLer of degrees the axis 
of the bore would point aLove the object aimed at, when laid 
by the surface of the gun. 1267 Savin Satlor’s Word-ck., 
Lispart, or phos yo the Shot..An allowance for the dis- 
part is ssary in det ning the commencement of the 
graduz 1s on ibe tangent scale, by which the required 
elevation is given to the gun. 

2. concr. A sight-mz ark placed on the muzzle of 

a gun, to make the line of s ight parallel to the axis 
of the bore. 

1578 W. bo 
give your by 
that is 


veneé Snvent. or Deuises xxi. 24 You must 
‘ ide of the peece, 
h of the peece, 


€ all three e. pets one righ 


bt 
Lirare dé 


Lin one Line. 
, Dispart . 


fais gth ‘that the te 
upper part of the J Z 
S.V., y diameters of the 
place where the Lispart is to stand 

ence..into two equal parts, one of w 
of the Diebart, which is set on the x 
or fastened there with a 
Markvat Afidsh. easy xs 
have our own disparts and 
and our parabolas, and pr: 
SELL in 7imes 10 July 5/4) 
or elevating screws to the guns; the officer was 
lay it by the eye with a plain chock of wood. j 

3. attrib. Dispart patch, a notched piece of 
ane on the muzzle in place of the dispart in sense 

; dispart-sight (see quots.. 

a Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., Dispart-sight, a gun- “sight 
fixed on the top of the secc ond reinforce-ring about the 
middle of the piece —for point-blank or horizontal firing, to 

eliminate the difference of the — oo the breech 
and the mouth of the cannon. 1884 F.C. Morcan Artill. 
Mat. 21 The muzzle sight is recessed it = ‘the dispart patch 
on the muzzle, and is “used in conjunction with the hind 
sight for angles of elevation over 5", when the centre fore 
sight becomes fouled by the muzzle. /6zd. 23 A fore or dis- 
part sight screwed on in rear bars trunnions. 

Dispart (dispa-it’, v.! [In Spenser, app. ad. It. 
Pte to divide, separate, part, repr. L. dispart- 
ire, -pertire to distrit vute, divide, f. Dis- 1 + part- 
ire to part, share, divide. By others perh. referred 
directly to the L. vb., or viewed as an Eng. forma- 
tion from Dis-1 and Parr v. It appears to have 
taken the place of the corresponding senses of Dz- 
PART (1-5).] 

1. trans. ‘To part asunder, to cleave. 

1590 Srenser F. Q.1. That. .man of God, That blood- 
red billowes, like a “walled: front, On either side Ds or 
with his rod. 1611 Speen //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. (1632) 556A 
sudden gust dis-parting the Fleet. 1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. 


vi. (1851) 128 As often as ag great schisme disparts the 
Church. . 482 gpa the —_ 


and their limbs Piecemeal dee "iba 
Crowned and Buried xiv, Disparting the lithe boughs. 

2. To separate, sever; to dissolve (a — 

1633 P. Fietcuer Purple Isl. w. xi, Which like a 
Disparts the terms of anger, and of loving. 1708 J. nae 
Cyder i 54 A strainer to dapart The husky terrene Dregs 

from purer Must. 1814 Sovruey Roderick xvii. 260 Till 

death di the union. Trencu Poems 150 To dis- 

rs jest ties. 1868 Browninc King & Bk. x. 1242 
find the truth, dispart the shine from shade. 

3. To divide into parts or shares ; to distribute. 


1629 Maxweit tr. fy sone aw. (3635) a te The as 


bg Howrene Clavie Bibl.» The 
Old Testament .. is the Holy Ghost himself 
into two Prior Solomon 1.288 And equal 


mtr, 5 
ta, ¥. Fumvaen Paople folone i thotedien toate 


DISPART. 


dispart with fearful noise. 1727-46 THomMson Summer 
The flood disparts: behold!.. Behemoth rears his head. 
xw81r Suettey St. /rvyne x, Suddenly... the mist in one 
jace seemed to dispart, and through it, to roll clouds of 
leepest crimson, 1 Kinctake Crimea 11. 150 Between 
the fleets thus disparting, the. . flotilla of tran S$ passed. 
b. To part and proceed in different directions. 

1804 J. Graname Saddath 149 The upland moors, where 
rivers, there but brooks, Dispart to different seas. 

+5. Dispart with: to part with. rare. ( pseudo- 
archaism. 

1820 Scorr A ddot iv, He will enjoy five merks by the year, 
and the professor's cast-off suit, which he disparts with 
biennially. 

Hence Dispa‘rting v//. sh. and ffi. a. 

1611 Forio, Dispartimento, a disparting. 1649 Roperts 
Clavis Bibl. 93 The disparting or cutting off of Jordans 
Stream before the Ark. 1728-46 Tomson Sfring 309 The 
deep-cleft disparting orb, that arch'd The central waters 
round. 1865 Geikie Scen. §& Geol. Scot. ii. 37 Water .. ex- 

ands, and .. exerts a vast disparting force on the rocks 
in which it is confined. 1890 W. C. Russewt Aly Shipmate 
Louise 1, xii. 261 The rush and disparting of the maddened 
clouds. 

Bispa‘rt, v.2 Also 7 dispert and erron. dis- 
port. [f. Disparr 5d.] 

1. ‘vans. To measure or estimate the dispart in 
(a piece of ordnance) ; to make allowance for this 
in taking aim. 

1587 W. Bourne Art Shooting iv. 17 The —- of 
your peece is but to bryng the mouth of your peece before, 
to be as high as is the tayle behind. 1588 [see Disrart sé. 1). 
1627 Cart. Smitrn Seaman's Gram. xiv. 65 To dispert a 


Peece is to finde a difference betwixt the thicknesse of the | 


metall at her mouth and britch or carnouse. 
Gunuery (1670) 40 And one chief thing, in the last place, 
to know very well how to dispart his Peece, be it either 
true bored, or not true bored. 

2. To set a mark on the muzzle-ring, so as to 
obtain a sight-line parallel to the axis. 

1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v.79 To Shoot at a Sight 
seen in the Night, Dispert your Piece with a lighted and 
flaming Wax-Candle, or with a lighted piece of Match. 


1731 J. Gray Gunnery 68 You need only dispart your piece | 


by fixing notched sticks .. on its muzzle. 1753 CHamBers 
Cycl. Supp. s.v., Dispart, in gunnery, is used for the setting 
a mark on the muzzle-ring of a piece of ordnance, so that 
a sighteline taken upon the top of the base-ring..by the 
mark..may be parallel to the axis of the concave cylinder. 
1853 SrocqueLer Miulit. Encvel, 

Ilence Dispa‘rting v6/. sb. 

1587 [see above, sense 1]. 1611 FLorio, 7ivare gioia per 
gioia, to shoote leuell..without helpe of disparting. 1692 
Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. i. x. 105 These ways. .pre- 
scribed for Disparting of a Piece. 

+ Disparta‘tion. 0s. rare. [app.n. of action 
from Dispart v.!; but the etymological form 
would be dispartition.] A division, a partition. 

1624 Massincer Renegado 1. vi, Why, look you, sir, there 
are so many lobbies, out-offices, and dispartations here. 

Dispa‘rted, ///. a. [f. Disvart v.1 + -Ep 1.) 
Parted or cloven asunder, divided, separated. 

1633 I’. Apams Ex. 2 Peter ii. 18 Such a fire as he sent 
down in disparted tongues... at pentecost. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. x. 416 On either side Disparted Chaos over built ex- 
claimd. 1700 Prior Carmen Seculare 86 Disparted Britain 
mourn'd their doubtful Sway. 1800-24 Campsett Poems, 
Portrait Female Child 29 Thy brow, with its disparted 
locks. 1894 Fadlen Angels xxvil. 151 Two animals .. as far 
disparted, say, as a horse and a goose. 


Dispa‘rtment. vare. [f. Dispartv.! + -MENT; 


1644 Nye | 


cf. It. dispartimento, obs. F. despartement: see | 


Department I.) A parting asunder; concr. a | 


parting, cleft, or opening caused by separation. 
1671 Grew Anat, Plants 1. iv. § 3. (1682) 29 Since the 
Lignous Body is .. frequently disparted ; ibisagh these Dis- 
artments, the said interiour Portions. Chega desig 1869 
BLACKMORE Lorna J), (1889) 408 Many troubles, changes, 
and dispartments. 
Dispa‘ssion, sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Passion sé.] 
Freedom from passion ; dispassionateness; ‘tapathy. 
1692 J. Epwarns Farther Eng. Rem. Texts O. & N. 7. 
249 Those hard and flinty philosophers, who talk'd of an 
utter dispassion. a 1698 ‘Tempe Gardening (R.), What is 
called by the Stoics apathy or dispassion ; i the Sceptics 
indisturbance ; by the Molinists quietism .. seems ‘all to 
mean but great tranquillity of mind. _ 1785 Six C. Witkins 
in Jas. Mill Brit. /udéa (1818) I. 11. vi. 933 Whe constantly 
placeth his confidence in dispassion. - Liss L. ‘I. Smrru 
in Academy 13 Aug. 123/1 ‘The peculiarity of his stand- 
calm disp to his 


point gives a 


+ Dispa‘ssion, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7a + Passion 
sb. Cf. mod.F. dépassioner (in 16th c. F. fto put 
into a passion’).] ¢rans. To free from passion. 
Chiefly in Af/. a. Dispa‘ssioned. 

? 1608 Donne Serm., cvii. IV. 463 Sober and discreet and 
dispassioned and disi ted men. a 1612 — Bradararos 
(1648) 193 It became Moses to be reposed and dispassioned 
;+in his Conversation with God. 1668 CLarenvon Life 1. 
(1843) 926/2 In_all those controversies, he had_ so dis- 
passioned a consideration .. and so profound a charity in his 
conscience, that [etc.}. 1 Cawtnorne Lgnality Hum. 
Cond. 131 Ease and joy, dispassion'd reason owns, As often 
visits cottages as thrones, 
mate (dispe'fanct), a. [f. D1s- 10 
+PassionatE a. Cf. It. disappassionato, Sp. des- 
apasionado,] Free from the influence of ssion or 
strong emotion; calm, com , cool; impartial. 
Said of persons, their faculties, and actions. 

1594 Parsons Confer. Success 1. ix. 218 So themselues do 
confesse, I meane wise and di jonate among t 


478 


1646 J. Hae Sonne Kitts a Mens dudgmaente ng loa 
time to grow dispassionate isintangled. SOWPER 

Ep A critic on the sacred Cal aon be 
learned, dispassionate and free. 1874 Green 


DISPATCH. 
the General Post. 1875 F. Haut in Lifpincott's Mag. 
RV en The pal quin, as being p i ye pos 
handl Ai. 4, d first, its % Soodlact 


Short Mist. vi. § 4. A dispassionate fairness 
older faiths. 1877 ER Conver Bas. Faith iii. 102 ‘They 


was disp ts 
B. 3832 ——_ Exped. to Niger lL vii. 259 They had been 
1874 Green Short Hist. vi. fs. 319 Commissioners were 
d jor t 


account it the prime duty of a disp q) 

“| Used as =‘ passionate’ (16th c. F. depasstoné : 
see DISPASSION 7.). 

1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr, 114 Fixing his ferret eyes in 
a furious and dispassionate manner. 

+ Dispa‘ssionate, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6.] 
trans. To free from passion, Hence + Dispa‘s- 
sionated f//. a. 

1647 Mayne Ausw. Cheynel 27 (T.) As all dispassionated 
men may judge. 1658 Wisse Loe Donne (ed. 2) 2 ‘These 
. -had so dispassi d [1640 dispassioned] Sir George, that 
- he also could not but see..merit in his new son. 

Dispa‘ssionately, adv. [f. DispassionatE 
a.+-LY2,) Ina dispassionate or calm manner. 

1717 Kittinseck Serm. 191 (T.) As if she had only dis- 
passionately reasoned the case with him. 1753 Hanway 


patched into e count purpose of assessment. 
1886 Postal Guide 250 When the mails are despatched at 
eet nt Varcun Silex Scint.1. (18 I turn'd 
ig: . VauGuan Silex Scint. 1. (1 23, I turn’d me 
round, and to each shade Dispatch'd an Bye. 798 Cowrer 
Conv. 437 The mind, dispatched upon her busy toil, Should 
re Providence has blest the soil. 
. To get away quickly: =sense 8. rare. 
« Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 180 Though he 
Roce pm to dispatch himselfe thence, yet waited he 
with all patience. 
+2. To send away (from one’s presence or em- 
ployment) ; to dismiss, discharge. Oés. 
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Lyj, As 


an ydell vacabunde man they dyspatched sent hym 
awaie. 1632 Litucow 7rav. 1x. pee; I dispatched my 
ireling, with a greater 


Dragoman, and the other Barbarian 


Trav. (1762) II. 1. xi. 59 To speak disp ly of the 
conduct of the Dutch. 1806 A. Knox Kent. 1, 29 These 
passages ought to be dispassionately investigated. a 1853 
Ropertson Lect. (1858) 270, I ask the meeting to listen to 
me dispassionately, 

“| Used as=‘ passionately’: cf. DISPASSIONATE %|. 

1658 Suincssy, Diary (1836) 201, I found no billows dis- 
passionately acting to endanger the passage of my late sur- 
charged vessel .. All appeared to me as in a calm sea. 

Dispa‘ssionateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
A dispassionate condition or quality. 

1842 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) V. v. 74 St. Paul 
makes it a part of a Christian character to have a reputation 
for .. dispassionateness. 1886 Atheneum 24 Apr. 551/1 
: dispassionateness and a sense of humour quite rare in 

ier Sex. 


| + Dispassioned: see DIspassIon v. 


Dispatch, despatch (dispx't{),v. Also 6 
dispach(e, dyspach(e, -patch; 8-9 despatch. 
[Found early in 16the.: ad. It. déspacciare ‘to 
dispatch, to hasten, to speed, to rid away any 
worke’ (Florio), or Sp. despachar to expedite, 
‘to dispatch, to rid out of the way’ (Minshen). 
The radical is the same as in It. zmfacciare to 
entangle, hinder, stop, prevent, Sp., Pg. empachar 
to impede, embarrass. Not related to F. dépécher, 
which gave the Engl. defesshe, DEPEACH, common 
in 15-16thc., rare after 1600, and app. superseded 
by dispatch before 1650. ‘The wiilorn English 
spelling from the first introduction of the word to 
the early part of the 19th c. was with d@s-; but in 
Johnson’s Dictionary the word was somehowentered 
under des- (although Johnson himself always wrote 
dispatch, which is also the spelling of all the 
authors cited by him); though this has, since 
¢ 1820, introduced diversity into current usage, 
dispatch is to be preferred, as at once historical, 
and in accordance with English analogy ; for even 
if this word had begun in ME. with a form in des- 
from OF, (which it did not), it would regularly 
have been spelt dis- by 1500; see Drs-, Dis-, 
prefixes, 

The notions of impede, expedite, are expressed by different 
roots in the northern and southern Romanic langs. The 
radical of F. empécher, dépécher (Eng. Imveacn, Dereacn), 
OF. empeechier, despeechier, is taken to be a L. *-pedicdre 
(extended form of im-, ex-fedire, or deriv. of pedica ‘fetter, 


| gin "); cf. précher, Preacn, OF, preechier:—L. pradicdre. 


his also occurs in Pr, emfedegar. But Sp. empachar, 
despachar, Pr. empaitar, point to a L, type -pactare (f. 
factus, ‘fastened, fixed, fast’, pa. pple. of ve). The 
radical of It. in-, dis-facciare, Pr. empachar (with which 
perh. are to be taken dial. OF. empachier, ampauchier, 
dapauchier: see Godef.), have been referred to a cognate 
L, type -pactidre (cf., for the phonology, It. ¢racciare, doc- 
ciare, succiare :—*tractidre, *ductidre, *stictiare). Thus, 


these words are quite distinct from F. empécher, dépécher, in 
16th c. alsodespecher, which gave Eng. tmpeach,and depeach, 


also despeche, in Caxton depesshe, Sc. depesche. Dispatch, 
therefore, could not be of French origin, ‘The date of our 
first quot., 1517, is early for a word from Italian, and still 
more so for a word from Spanish ; but the active intercourse 
with the Papal Court and with Spain at that date may 
have facilitated the introduction of a/spatch as a diplomatic 
word. ‘Tunstall, our first authority for dispach(e, was Com- 
missioner to Spain in 1516 and 1517.) 
I. trans. * To dismiss or dispose of promptly. 

1. To send off post-haste or with expedition or 
promptitude (a messenger, message, etc., havin 
an express destination), The word regularly u 
for the sending of official messengers, and mes- 


sages, of couriers, troops, mails, telegrams, parcels, 
express trains, packet-boats, etc. 

1517 Br. ‘Tunstauy Let, to Hen. VIII in Ellis Orig, Lett. 
Ser. 1. I. 134 We. .dispached that poste. .reservyng thys to 
he written by my selff at laysor. 1585 T. WasuincTon tr. 
Nicholay's Voy. . viii. 82 If..the great Lord hath to send 
and dispatch in hast any matter into any places. 1600 E., 


c ion then my..conditions allowed me. 7 
Collier of Croydon 1. in Ant. Brit. Drama M1. 312 To 
give her warning to dispatch her knaves. 

3. To dismiss (a person) after attending to him 
or his business; to settle the business of and send 


away; to get rid of. Now rare. 

1530 Patscr. 520/1, I have dispatched these four felowes 
quickly, jay despeché ces quatire galans vistement. 155% 
in Furnivall Ballads from MSS.1. 421 Remembre poore 
shewters who dothe susteyne wronge ; speake and dispatche 
them, they tarrye to longe. a1625 Boys Wks. (1630) 382 
And I can say this of ether suitors, if ten be dopanieed 
ninety be despited. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. u1. 198 
Dispatching all that came to him with great satisfaction. 
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 171 Nor would I suffer another 
to enter my Ship, till the former was dispatch’d. 

B. 1874 MorLey Compromise (1886) 132 Finally we may 
be despatched with a eulogy of caution and a censure of 
too great heat after certainty. 

4. To get rid of or dispose of (any one) by put- 
ting to death; to make away with, kill. 

1530 Proper Dyaloge (Arb.) 146 Duke Humfray By them 
of his lyfe was abreuiate. Sythe that tyme I could recken 
mo Whom they caused to be dispatched so. 1568 GrarTon 
Chron. Il. 1329 He drowned himselfe .. the river beyng so 
shallow that he was faine to lye grovelyng before he could 
dispatch himselfe. 1580 Nortu Plutarch 112 (R.} He 
drank ..poyson, which dispatcheth a man in 24 hours. 1607 
Suaks. Cor. 11. i. 286 We are peremptory to p meray This 
Viporous Traitor. 1611 Bite £zek. xxiii. 47 The companie 
shall. .dispatch [1885 2. V. despatch] them with their swords. 
1678 (ed. 2) Bunyan Pilgr. 1. (2847) 140 Show them the 
Bones and Skulls of those that thou hast already dispatch'd. 
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 68 If he had made ony Reason, 
I should certainly have dispatch'd him. 19 SHELLEY 
C. —— 446 You think by some measure to dispatch him. 
1839 “HACK ERAY Virgin. xxi. 162 Heroes are not dispatched 
with such hurry and violence unless there is a cogent reason 
for Te es? Jane — Las. vehi ais 

B. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. & q 1850) 419 
then after many torments des} ched with a dagger. 
Froupe Casar xviii. 304 Clodius was dragged out bleeding, 
and was despatched. : 

b. (with complement.) Zo A out of life, 
out of the way, the world, etc. ? Obs. 

1580 Barret Adv. D. 884 To dispatch one out of life, de 
medio aliguem tollere. Porrer Antig. Greece 1. iv. 
(1715) 17 [He] was quickly dispatch'd out of the way, and no 
enquiry made after the Murderers. a1745 Swirr //ést. 
Stephen in Lett. (1768) IV. 313 To remove the chief im- 
pediment by dispatching his rival out of the world. 1796 

lorse A mer. Geog. 1. 100 ‘To desire that they would be more 
expeditious in dispatching her out of her misery. 

+0. To dispatch the life of. Obs. 
1586 Martowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. vy, ii, The Turk and his 
t Emp . Have desp ly despatch’d their slavish 

ives. 1605 ergs Lear Ww. Vv. a roe {Clonee i 

one In_pitt is misery, to dispatc! ster's 
ni hted Vie, é J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 61 
Which if it had hit, where he levelled, dispatched had beene 
the life of Tolmido. 

5. To dispose or rid oneself dy. eas of (a piece 


of business, etc.) ; ae done, get through, accom- 
plish, settle, finish off, conclude, execute promptly 


or speedily. 

1533 Lv. Berners Huon ci. 330 Dyspatch the mater and 
reuenge me. 1547 Boorve /nirod. Knowl. 145 He had 
many matters of state to dyspache. 1551 Robinson tr. 
ig diuided into so 

mar- 
's [rom 


was 

. 239 Tomy 

office, where disp 751 Jounson am 
ber No. 161 P 4, I..soon dispatched a bargain on 

terms, 1776 F 

our journey very peacably. 

Hace ite Se (aa i Ss Capel 
ist. ~ (x fe 21 uses 

Salops tie ened were summarily ds at a 

Baber weleene.. sive F- Bat, Two Trifles 27, 1 must 

ispatch my errat A 

pe 1817 oore Lalla R. (1824) a root. ae 


Buount tr. Conestaggio 21 He .. disp d fower 
throughout his Realme of Portugall, to levie twelve thou- 
e. 1624 Davenrort City Night-Cap ut, i, Embas- 
sadors were dispatch’d to B 1751 J Rambli 
No. 153 P 3, I was in my eighteenth year dispatched to the 
university. 1766 Go.ipsm. Vic. W. ix, Moses was .. dis- 
ite to borrow a couple of chairs. 1840 Penny Cyc. 
VIII. 459/2 The number of chargeable letters dispat 


—_ oe 


devour. ame. a ‘ 
fer, 0.7 PI, SagabSel may Diane 
soon as I Hr. Martineau Brooke F, ix. 112 
Toc coast best and pleet pauliioegs tad Geek 


DISPATCH, 


8. 1826 Scott Woodst. v, I saw two rascallions engaged 
in .. despatching a huge venison pasty. 1837 DisraELt 
Venetia 1, xv, The brother magistrates despatched their 
rumpsteak. 

+e. trans. To produce or ‘turn out’ promptly 
or quickly. Ods. 

e1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) tor There are also paper 
mills weh dispatches paper at a quick rate. x71 STEELE 
Tatler IV. Pref. » 2 The great Ease with which he is able 
to dispatch the most entertaining Pieces of this Nature. 

+ 6. To remove, dispel, do away with ; to dispose 
of, get rid of. Obs. 

bape Grarton Chron. II. 395 Dispatching some by death, 
and other by banishment. 1578 Lyre Dodoeus mn. xlvi. 382 
It dissolveth and dispatcheth congeled blood. 1600 Ho.- 
Lanp Livy xxu. vi. 435 The heat of the sunne had broken 
and dispatched the mist. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 221 
To dispatch all fear of Resistance, I can assure you there 
are but two more Servants in the House. : 

tb. To ‘get rid of’ (goods) ; to dispose of (by 
sale), Ods. 

1s92 GreENE Disfut. 17 The Paynters coulde not. dis- 
patche and make away theyr Vermiglion, if tallowe faced 
whoores vsde it not for their cheekes. 1632 Lirucow 7vav. 
vul, 355 Rings .. valued to a hundred Chickens of Malta, 
eight shillings the peece, which I dispatched for lesser. 

te. To put out of the way, stow away. rare. 

1567 R. Epwarps Damon § P.in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 39 
Such a crafty spy I have caught .. Snap the tipstaff .. 
Brought him to the court, and in the porter’s lodge dis- 
patched him. : 

** To rid (a person) of something. 

+7. trans. To rid (a person, etc. of, from, some 
encumbrance or hindrance); to deliver, free, re- 
lieve. 

1530 Patscr. 520/1 We shall dispatche us of hym well 
ynoughe. 1534 tr. Pol, erg. Eng. Hist, (Camden) I. 161 
The thinge which shoulde cleanlie dispatche him of all 
languor and sorrow, 1548 Upa tt, etc. Evasmus Par. Pref. 
18 Whan I had cleane dispatched myself of this great 
charge and taske. 1549 CoverpaLe, etc. Hrasm. Par.11im. 
vi. 17 Thinges. .so incertain that yf casualtie take them not 
awaye, yet at lest death despatcheth vs from them. 1861 
Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 315 Dispatch vs from 
euils, graunt us the good thinges promised. 1562 TuRNER 
Baths 6b, Some are dispatched of their diseases here in 
sixe dayes. 1580 Baret A’. D 884 To dispatch himself 
out of a businesse .. To dispatch and ridde out of trouble. 
1594 Prat Fewell-ho. 11. 57 You shall soone dispatch your 
barnes .. of al these wastfull birds. @164z Br. Mountacu 
Acts & Mon. (1642) 295 Antipater being dispatched of these 
two competitors, had an easier course to run. 

b. To deprive, bereave. Obs. (Cf. 4.) 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. v. 75 ‘Thus was I, sleeping, by a 
Brothers hand, Of Life, of Crowne, and Queene at once 
dispatcht. 1606 G. W[oopcocke] tr. /vstine's Hist. g4a, 
Aristotimus was dispatched both of life and rule. 

II. tntransitive. 

+ 8. (forvefl. 1b.) To start promptly for a place, 
get away quickly, make haste to go, hasten away. 

1587 Turserv. 7 vag. 7. (1837) 101 Howe he mought .. 
Dispatche and goe unto the place. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V’, 
Iv. iii, 82 And now dispatch we toward the Court. 1670 
Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 52 Dispatch forthwith for Peru and 
Jamaica. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 400 That we might dis- 
patch for the Cape of Good Hope, as fast as possible. 

9. To make haste (40 do something), hasten, be 
quick. Ods. or arch. 

1581 Petrie Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 24b, Dispatch 
I pray you to shew me. 1591 Florio and /ruites 5 Dis- 
patch and giue mea shirt. 1692 R. L’Estrance Yosephus’ 
Antig. w. i. (2733) 78/1 Why do we not dispatch then and 
take possession? 1712 Arsutunor Yohu Bull ut. iii, Thou 
hast so many ‘If’s’ and ‘And’s’! Prithee, dispatch. 17: 
Foote Eng. in Paris 1. Wks. 1799 1.37 Hold your jaw Bas 
dispatch. 1828 Scorr ¥. M/, Perth viii, Butler Gilbert, 
dispatch, thou knave.. 1833 L. Rircnre Wand. by Loire 
146 ‘ Come—despatch !’ said the imperial sponsor ; and the 
ceremony was hurried through. 

+10. (adsol. from 5). To conclude or settle a 
business; to get through, have done (w7th). Ods. 

1603 Suaks. Meas. for A/. ut. i. 279 At that place call ypon 
me, and dispatch with Angelo, that it may be quickiy. 
1666 Boye Orig. Formes §& Qual. (1667) 5x And thus (to 
dispatch) by the bruising of Fruit, the Texture is commonly 
so chang’d, that [etc.]. 

? Dispatch is used by Gabriel Harvey for the pa. pple. 

1573, G. Harvey Le/ter-bk, (Camden) 22, I hope mi long 
lingering matter is ere now quietly dispatch, 1577 Lbid. 
58 Ar the[y] so soone dispatche in deede ? 

Hence Dispatched f//. a. (whence + Dis= 
pa‘tchedly adv.); Dispatching v4/. sd. and f//. a. 

1552 Hutoer, Dispatched, expeditus, perfectus. a 1564 
Becon Acts Christ § Antichr. Prayers, etc. (1844) 531 
Unto the wy oes of their torments, if they be in purga- 
tory. 1611 Fiorito, Spacciat. te, dist edly, out of 
hand, with riddance or much s » 615 W. Hutt Mirr. 
Maiestie 78 Not to a dispatching, easy, honourable kind of 
death, but to the lingring, painefull, ignominious death of 
the Crosse. 1633 Cos¢lie W/ Iv. ili. in Bullen O. PZ. 1V, 
A cup of poyson Stuft with dispatching Simples. 16.. 
Cabbala, Marg. Ynoiosa to Lord Conway (R.), I have 
differed the dispatching of a currier. 1893 Star 25 Feb. 
4/3 ‘The port is at the dispatching point of the Cheshire 
salt trade. 

Dispatch, despatch (<ispz't{), sd. Also 7 
dispache. [f. Disparcu v., or perh. immediately 
ad. It. dispaccto (also spaccio) ‘a dispatch, a hast- 
ning, a riddance; also a pleeke or packet of 
letters’ (Florio) = Sp., Pg. despacho, Romanic 
deriv. f. the vb. stem: see prec. Cf. relation of 
DEpEACH sd, and v.] ; 


479 


I. The act of dispatching. 

1. The sending off (of a messenger, letter, etc.) on 
an errand or to a particular destination. 

1600 E. Biounrt tr. Conestaggio 280 Blaming him to have 
beene too slacke in the dispatch of the Armie, 1667 PErys 
Diary 10 June, So to Woolwich to give order for the dis- 
patch of a ship I have taken under my care to see dis- 
patched. 1805 ‘I’. Linptey Voy. Brazil (1808) 74 He deferred 
the dispatch of my note. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 457/1 
‘The operations of the Post-office belonging to the dispatch 
of letters. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 70 The des- 

atch of a French embassy to England. 1886 Postal Guide 

0. 119 title-p., Dates of Dispatch of Mails, etc. /did. 210 
Dates of Despatch of Colonial and Foreign Mails. 

+2. Official dismissal or leave to go, given to 
an ambassador after completion of his errand ; 
congé. Obs. 

le St. Trials, Duke Norfolk (Rw, After the dispatch of 
Rodolph, in Lent last, as he had made show before, that he 
intended to go over sea, and was all this while practising 
about this treason, 1603 KNouirs //ist, Vurks (1638) 161 
To heare Embassadors from forrein Princes, and to giue 
them their dispatch, 1605 Suaks. Lear ut. i. 127 ‘The 
seuerall Messengers From hence attend dispatch. 1698 
Fryer Acc, £. India & P. 124, 1 easily condescended, 
thinking to procure my Dispatch with more speed. 

+8. Dismissal (of a suitor, etc.) after settlement 
of business; attention to or settlement of the busi- 
ness (of a person); see Dispatcu v. 3. Ods. 

1550 Crow.ry Last Trumpet 936 lf thou be a mans 
atturney.. Let him not waite and spende money, If his dis- 
patch do lie in the. 

4. Making away with by putting to death; kill- 
ing; death by violence. 

Happy dispatch, a humorous name for the Japanese form 
of suicide called Hara-kirt. 

1576 Freminc Panopl, Epist. 315 Except I had followed 
you. .the sorrowes. . had quite overwhelmed me, and wrought, 
my remedilesse dispatch. rg9x 770d, Raignue K. Fohn (1611) 
59 Tormentor come away, Make my dispatch the Tyrants 
feasting day. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xv. 51 So 
furious and bloody a fight, that in less than a quarter of an 
hour we made a clean dispatch of them all. 1697 Br. 
Parrick Comm, Exod, xii. 6 There were about two hours 
and a half for the Dispatch of all the Lambs. 1859 77ies 
26 Mar. 9/2 The Japanese are. .taught..the science, mys- 
tery, or accomplishment of ‘ Happy Dispatch’. 

5. The getting (of business, etc.) out of hand; 
settlement, accomplishment ; (prompt or speedy) 
execution. Quick dispatch: prompt or speedy set- 
tlement of an affair; hence, in former use, prompt- 
itude in settling an affair, speed, expedition (= 
sense 6). 

1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv, u. (1586) 101 b, Neither 
that he be lesse liberall of justice, or quick in dispatch to- 
wards them [the poore], than towards the rich. 1601 Suaks. 
All's Well iu. ii. 56 After some dispatch in hand at Court, 
Thither we bend againe. 160r Cornwa.tyes /ss. 11. xlvi. 
(1631) 270 ‘The miles which you must overcome before the 
dispatch of your journey. 1602 How Man may chuse a 
good Wife un. ii. in Old Eng. Drama (1824) 53 About it 
with what quick dispatch thou can’st. 165r Baxter Jf. 
Bapt, 214, 1 offered you—To Dispute publikely, only for 
quick dispatch. 1781 Gispon Dec?. & F. 11.75 In the dis- 
patch of business, his diligence was indefatigable. 1833 
Hr. Martineau Mauch. Strike vii. 73 ‘Three members of 
the Committee sit daily for the dispatch of common busi- 
ness. 1863 H. Cox /mstit. 1. vi. 41 If it be intended that 
Parliament should meet for dispatch of business. 1885 Act 
48-49 Vict. c. 60. § 10 Notwithstanding any vacancy .. the 
Council shall be competent to proceed to the dispatch of 
business. 

B. 1837 Cartye Fr, Rev. I. m. i, In him is. .only clerk- 
like ‘despatch of business’ according to routine. 1860 
Mottey Nether. (1868) I. iii. 75 ‘To his credit and dexterity 
they attribute the despatch of most things. 

+b. ‘Cénduct, management’ (J.). Ods. rare. 

1605 Suaks. Mac. 1. v. 69 You shall put This Nights 
great Businesse into my dispatch. 

6. a. Prompt settlement or speedy.accomplish- 
ment of an affair (=guick dispatch in 5). Also as 
a personal quality: Promptitude in dealing with 
affairs. b. Speed, expedition, haste, rapid progress. 

a. 1z Bacon Ess., Dispatch (Arb.) 242 Measure not 
dispatch by the tymes of sitting, but by the advauncement 
of the busines. @ 1680 Butter Rem. (1759) II. 71 Dispatch 
is no mean Virtue in a Statesman. 1712 Appison Sect. 
No. 469 ® 4 The Dispatch of a good Office is very often as 


. beneficial to the Solicitor as the good Office itself. 


+ 1573 Tusser Husb. Ixxxv. (1878) 174 Due season is 
best. . Dispatch hath no fellow, make short and away. 1582 
N. Licuertevp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. xxxviii. 91 b, 
The dispatch he made for the lading of our ships. 1636 
Davenant /7tts y. i, This is a time of great dispatch and 
haste. 1722 WotLaston Relig. Nat. ix. 206 The business 
he has to do grows urgent upon him, and calls for dispatch. 
1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 132 We also made good dis- 
patch with the cutting of the rock. 1865 CarLyLe Fredh. 
Gt, VIII. xvi. xiv. 84 All turns on dispatch ; loiter a little, 
and Friedrich himself will be here again ! 

8. 1832 Hr. Martineau Demerara i, 8 Covering them 
[the roots] with so much despatch. 

+7. The act of getting rid (of something), by sale, 
ete. ; riddance, clearance, disposal ; the act of put- 
ting away hastily. Ods. ‘ 

1605 Suaks. Leav 1. ii. 33 Glow. What Paper were you 
reading? Bast. Nothing my Lord. Glou. No? what 
needed then that terrible dispatch of it into your Pocket? 
1653 H. Coaan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xiii. 41 In less than eight 
days he cleared his Warehouse .. Now having made a full 
dispatch of all [etc.]. 

I. Concrete and transferred senses. - 


-8. A written message sent off promptly orspeedily ; 


Saisie 


DISPATCHFUL. 


spec. an official communication relating to public 
affairs, usually conveyed by a special messenger. 

1582 N. Licnertetp tr. Castanheda's Cong. FE. Ind. xx. 52b, 
Nicholas Coello hauing receiued this dispatch, did forthwith 
depart, and that in hast. 1585‘. Wasuincton tr. Vicholay’'s 
Voy. 1v. xxi. 136 Messengers which carry y* ordinary dis- 
patches from Raguse to Constantinople. 1 F. Brooke 
tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 309 Visier, keeper of the seale, who 
before he can seale any dispatch, must acquaint the grand 
Senior. 1782 Gent?. Mag. LIN. 147 Captain Henry Edwin 
late of his Majesty’s ship Russel, arrived here with dis- 
patches from Rear Admiral Sir Samuel Hood. 1803 Wet- 
LESLEY Let. fo Wellington 23 Dec. in Vhornton Hist. /udia 
(1842) III. xviii. 358 xofe, I received this morning your dis- 
patch of the 30th of November. 1809 WELLINGTON in Gurw. 
Desp. IV. 292 Excepting upon very important occasions | 
write my dispatches without making a draft. 1844 H. H. 
Witson Brit, India 1. 223 Sir John Malcolm. .announced his 
arrival to the court, sending his dispatches by one of his 
officers, 1847 Tennyson Py7ucess iv. 360 Delivering seal’d 
dispatches a fie the Head took half-amazed. 

B. 1641 Nicholas Papers (Camden) 59, I have alsoe made 
an other despacth to the lords of the privie counsel by his 
Majesties command, 1838 ‘'nir-watt Greece 1V. xxix. 87 
‘They were called away by a despatch from the fleet at 
Cardia. 1865 Livincstone Zambesi vi. 135 The loss of the 
mail-bags, containing Government despatches and our 
friends’ letters for the past year. : 

9. An agency or organization for the expeditious 
transmission of goods, etc. ; a conveyance or vessel 
by which goods, parcels, or letters are dispatched. 

1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 2964/1 Died .. Don Jean de Angulo, 
Secretary of the Universal Dispatch. 1703 /é/d. No. 3924/4 
‘The Reprisal Dispatch, Jacob Green late Master, from New- 
England, 1861 (see 12]. A/od. Ve Merchants’ Despatch ; 
it was sent by despatch. (Cent. Dict.'. 

+10. A body of persons (officially) sent to a 
particular destination. Oés. 

1713 Warver 7rve Amazons 69 Dispatches of Guards are 
sent from the first Disturbance given. 

Ll. slang. ( pl.) A kind of false dice: =Du1s- 
PATCHER 2, 

1812 J. H. Vaux //ash Dict., Dispatches, false dice used 
by gamblers, so contrived as always to throw a nick. 1856 
Times 27 Nov. 9/2 There are dice called ‘despatches ’.. A 
‘despatch’ has two sides, double fours, double fives, and 
double sixes. 

TIT. 12. attrib. and Comd., as dispatch-bearing, 
-wriler, -writing; Aispatch-boat, -box, dispatch 
cock, dispatch-tube (see quots.). 

1712 Appison Sect. No. 469 P 5 Gratifications, Tokens of 
Thankfulness, Dispatch Money, and the like specious 
‘Terms, are the Pretences under which Corruption. . shelters 
itself. 1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Spatch cock, abbre- 
viation of a dispatch cock, an Irish dish upon any sudden 
occasion. 1834 IVest Lud. Sketch-bk. 1, 209 These. .dispatch 
cocks .. are simply fowls cut down the back and expanded 
to the purposes of a grill .. they afford an agreeable relief 
to an appetite that demands haste to be gratified—whence 
the name, 1842 Lever C. O'A/allcy xci. 443 In the mere 
details of note-writing or despatch-bearing. 1861 /ngineer 
XII. 51/3 (c7t/e) The Pneumatic Despatch, /6z¢., The loads, 
in the pneumatic despatch tubes do not much exceed half. 
a-ton, unless the despatch carriages are coupled in trains of 
two or more. 1864 WessTER, Disfatch-box, a box for carry- 
ing dispatches ; a box for papers and other conveniences of 
a gentleman when travelling. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech. s.v. 
Atmospheric Railway, A \ate act of Congress (1872) appro- 
priates $15,000 for a pneumatic dispatch-tube between the 
Capitol and the Government Printing-Office, Washington. 
lbid., Dispatch-boat, a name given toa swift vessel, formerly 
a fast sailer, now a small steamboat, used in dispatch duty. 
lbid., Dispatch-tube, a tube in which letters or parcels are 
transported bya current of air. 1889 Repent. P. Wentworth 
III. 267 Some papers he had just extracted from his despatch- 
box. 1889 Sat. Rev, 26 Jan. 104/1 Despatch-writing had not 
yet become part of the art of war. 


Dispa‘tchable, z. rare. [f. Disparcu v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being dispatched. 

1821 Blackw. Mag. 1X. 305 Thou wilt find it no very easy 
or dispatchable matter. 

Dispatcher (dispe'tfar). [fas prec. + -ER1.] 

1. One who or that which dispatches, in various 
senses ; see the verb. 

1547-64 Bautpwin Mor, Philos. (Palfr.) v. vi, To the godly, 
death is the most happy messenger and quick dispatcher 
of all such displeasures. 1549 Bate Pref Leland's Itin, 

iv. (I'.), Avaryce was the other dyspatcher, whych hath 
made an ende both of our lybraryes and bokes without 
respect. 1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1631) III. x1. 551/2 marg., 
D. Story..the chiefe dispatcher Of all Gods saints that 
suffered in Queene Maries time. 1611 Cotcr., Dataire, 
the dater, or dispatcher of the Popes Bulls. 1755 Macrns 
Insurances 11, 212 Likewise the Dispatcher of Averages. 
1884 A. Warinwricur in Harper's Mag. July 272/2 The 
dispatcher, as the electrician is technically called, puts his 
finger upon a fourth key. 1886 Pal? Mall G. 31 Aug. 3/2 
The despatcher of a telegram. : 

2. slang. ( pl.) A kind of false dice: see quots. 

1798 Sporting Mag. X1.85 How long it was since his con- 
science had permitted him to use dispatchers; these, he said, 
were loaded dice. 1894 MAsKELYNE Sharps §& Flats 237 Of 
unfair dice..there are those whose faces do not bear the 
correct number of pips, and which are known as ‘ dis- 
patchers’. Jéid. 238 A high dispatcher cannot throw less 
than two, whilst a low one cannot throw higher than three. 

Dispa‘tchful, ¢. Ods. or arch. [f. Disparou 
sb. + -FUL.] 

+1. Having the quality of dispatching or making 
away with expeditiously. Ods. 

1608 Mipp.eton 7'7ick to Catch Old One u. ii. D ij, He... 
Fall like a secret and dispatchfull plague On your secured 
comforts. 1680 H. More Afocal. Afoc. 83 Their teeth .. 
were very dispatchfull of their prey. 


DISPATCHMENT. 


2. Full of or characterized by dispatch ; speedy, 
expeditious, quick, hasty. Ods. or arch, 

1642 Futter Answ. to Ferne 3 Those dispatchfull and 
urgent times, 1667 Mitton ?. 2. v. 331 So saying, with 
_dispatchful looks in haste She turns, on Rospitable thoughts 
intent. tr. Erasmus’ Moriz Enc., While the dispatch- 
ful fool shall rush bluntly on. +768 74 Tucker Lt. Nat. 
(1852) II. 592 There is a wide difference between leading 
a regular life, and living by rule; the one is pleasant, easy, 
smooth, and dispatchful; the other .. toilsome, stiff, and 
gueety wastéful both of time and strength. 1814 H. Busk 

ugitive Pieces 230 lf despatchful haste thy journey need. 
1829 Lyrron Disowned 19 The most dispatchful solicitude. 

+b. quasi adv. Speedily, quickly, in haste. Ods. 
Let one, dispatchful, bid some 
bullock from the L pod mead. 
axes to the 


1725 Pore Odyss. m1. 5 
swain to lead A well-fe 
1791 Cowerr /liad xxi. 148 Their keen-edge 
towering oaks Dispatchful they applied. 

+Dispa‘tchment. Oés. [f. Dispatcn v. + 
-MENT.] The act of dispatching, dispatch (in 
various senses) : prompt execution or settlement ; 
getting rid of, sending away, dismissal; making 
away with, killing. 

1529 St. Trials, Wolsey, For want of dispatchment of 
matters. 1538 M. THrocmorton Let. Cromwell (MS. in St. 
Pap. Hen, VIII, X11. 1. No, 552 Recd. Off.) Att Pares .. 
y requeryd off hyme [Pole] my dyspachement [copy in A/S. 
Cott, Cleop. E.. 6,386 despachement] accordyng to hys promes 
to me at Rome. 1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u. ‘ach pees b, 
He. .confessed that he had sent. . false letters and poysons to 
the dyspachement of hys enemyes. 1570 App. PaRKER Corr, 
363 To procure the dispatchment of this offensive court, 

Dispathy, obs. form of Dysparuy. 

+ Dispa‘tron,v. Os. [Dis-72.] “vans. To 
deprive of a patron or of patronage. 

1615 SyivesteR Du Bartas, Fob Triumphant u. 62 
Townes of late By him dispatroned and depopulate. ¢ 1620 
Z. Bovp Zion's Flowers (1855) 89 By thee dispatron’d.. 
Who could a comforte once afford to me? 

Dispauper (dispd-pa1), v. Law. [Dis- 7 b.] 
trans. To decide a person to be no longer a pauper; 
to deprive of the privileges of a pauper; to dis- 
qualify from suing 22 formd pauperis, that is, with- 
out payment of fees. 

1631 Star Cham), Cases (Camden) 72 Therfore the Court 
would dismisse the cause or dispauper the pl[ain]t{iff}, for 
that by his confession he hath 11" perannum, 1656 BLounr 
Glossogr., Dispauper is a word most used in the Court of 
Chancery, as when one is admitted to sue #2 forma pauperis, 
if that privilege be taken from him, he is said to be /)és- 
panpered, 1816 J. Puitimorr Ref. 1. 185 (L.) If a party 
has a current income, though no permanent property, he 
must be dispaupered. 1885 Law 7imes 7 Mar. 340/1 The 
plaintiff had, by the fact of his having recovered. .more than 
45, become dispaupered. ; 

Dispauperize (disp9‘paraiz’, v. [f. Dis- 6+ 
Pauperize.] f¢rans, @. Yo release or free from the 
state of pauperism, Also fig. b. To free (a com- 
munity or locality) from paupers. 

1833 New Monthly Mag. XX XVII. 283 What chance do 
you see of dispauperizing any of the paupers? 1848 Mitt 
Pol. Econ. v. xi. § 13 (1876) 585 Many highly pauperized 
districts .. have been dispauperized by adopting strict rules 
of poor-law administration, 1874 Contemp. Rev. XXIV. 
965 The boy was thoroughly dispauperized in spirit. 

Hence Dispau-perized ///. a.; -iza‘tion. 

1834 15/ Rep. Poor Law Comm, (1885) 163 The principle 
of relief... found so efficient in the dispauperized parishes. 
1876 PretyMan (//t/e), Dispauperization, a popular ‘Treatise 
on Poor-Law Evils and their Remedies. 

+ Dispay're, 5. Ols. Alsodys-,-peir,-peyre. 
[f Disparr v.2, var. of DEPAIR, to spoil, injure, or 
suffer injury.] Impaired condition, disrepair. 

mist in Eng. Gilds (1870) 397 That it may be remedyed 
and holpen when that it ys [in] ruyn, or in dispeyre, or 
before. 1537-8 W7// of ¥. Sponer (Somerset Ho.), All the 
wyndows. .that be in dyspeir. _ 

ispayr(e, obs. form of DEsPaIR. 
ace (disp7's). [f. Dis- 9 + Prace.sd, 
Orig. Scotch, in which it is in familiar use.] The 
absence or reverse of peace or quietness ; uneasi- 
ness (of mind); dissension, enmity. 

1825 Jamieson, Dispeace, disquiet, dissension. 1851 Ruskin 
Stones Ven. 111. iv. § 36. 197 ‘The London of the nineteenth 
century may yet become as Venice without her despotism, 
and as Florence without her dispeace. 1856 — Mod. Paint, 
IIL. rv. xviii. Concl. 338 Two men, cast on a desert island, 
could not thrive in dispeace. 1867 S. Cox Quest Chief Good 
123 This very contrast .. breeds no dispeace or anger in the 
heut. 1873 Burton //ist. Scot. VI. xxi. 219 Scotland had 
elements of dispeace. 1881 Grikxie in Nature XXIII. 224 
The rumours of renewed disp g the nati 

Hence Dispea‘ceful a, 

1 R, Wattace in Scott. Leader 29 Jan. 6 A messenger 
of that dispeaceful divinity [the goddess of strife]. 

+ Dispea‘r, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + stem of ap- 
pear, com-pear ; see also the aphetic PEAR. Cf. 
OF, disparoir (16th c. in Godef.) or It. disparere 
‘to disappeere’ (Florio). Mod. Fr, has in the pre- 
sent stem dispanaitre, disparaiss-: cf, DISPARISH 
v.l and Disaprrar.| zntr. To disappear. 

1600 Fairrax 7uasso vit. xliv. 125 All those stars on heau’ns 
blew face that shone .. dispeared were and gone. 1627 Br. 
Hatt Gt. Impostor Wks. 50 This great impostor ..dis- 

reth and is gone. 1647 H. More Song of Sond 1 1. li, 
ut he looks on to whom nought doth dispear. 

Dispeche: var. of Despecur, DEPEacH v. Obs., 
to send away, dispatch, Also Dispechement, = 
DISPATCHMENT. 


480 


1538 M. TuroGMorton Let., copy in 7S, Cott. Cleopatra 
Pir at 386, And from thens also to have been 
forig. in St. Pap. Hen. VIIT, XII. 11. No. 552, 4 yd]. 
Jbid., And herupon delayed my dispechement .. ‘To come 
further concernyng my dispechement (original, in both cases, 
dyspachement]. 

Dispect, var. of Despect, Ods, 

+ Dispee‘d, v. Obs. [app. ad. obs. It. dispedire, 
(sfedire) to dispatch (Florio), f. Dis- 1; a parallel 


form to L, ex-fedire, im-pedire (EXPEDE, IMPEDE). 


But, as the spelling shows, associated in Eng. use 
with Sprep : cf. also the parallel form DEsPEED.] 

trans. To dispatch, to send off. b. ref. To get 
away quickly. 

1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (L.),To that end he dispeeded 
an embassadour to Poland. The man returned..and was 
againe dispeeded. — Calend. St. Papers, E. Indies 
16 Aug. (1878) 365 The Dutch have dispeeded sundry ships 
towards the west. 1630 Lorp Banians 79 [He] dispeeded 
his Bramane Madewnauger, and his Pardon, to Delee. Fa 
Soutney Roderick xv. 273 Himself from that most painful 
interview Dispeeding, he withdrew. 7 

c. To dispatch or finish promptly ; to expedite. 

1626 GaTaker Spanish /nvasion 16 Lulian..sent one Aly- 
pius..furnished with much treasure for the dispeeding of 
the worke, 

Dispeire, obs. form of Despair. 

Dispel (dispel), v. [ad. L. déspell-cre to drive 
asunder, scatter, f. Dis- 1 +pelL’re to drive.] 

1. trans. To drive away in different directions or 
in scattered order; to disperse by force, dissipate 
(e.g. clouds, darkness, doubts, fears, etc.) 

a 1631 Donne in Se/ect. (1842) 141 More clouds than they 
could. .dispel and scatter. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. 
Ambass, 210 Lamps..enough to dispell the greatest dark- 
nesse. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 530 He..gently rais'd Their 
fainted courage, and dispel'd their fears. 1781 Gisron 
Decl. & F. 11. 63 His apprehensions were soon dispelled. 


1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V. 1. viii. go He dispelled the | 


illusions of Lewis. 1887 Bowen Viry. eneid 1. 199 Ills 
more dire ye have suffered; and these too Heaven will 
dispel. : 

2. intr. (for refl.) To become dissipated or scat- 
tered, as a cloud or the like. 

1643 Avngdomes Wkly. Intellig. No.7. 55 [He] still hangs 
as a cloud over Plimmouth, but it dispells every day. 1799 
Camppett Pleas. Hope u. 263 Melt, and dispel, ye spectre- 
doubts. 1840 Blackw. Mag. XLVIII. 270 Conventions .. 
in constant succession bubble up, form, and dispel. 

Hence Dispelling ///. a., esp. in comb., as care- 
dispelling, that dispels care; Dispe‘lent (also 
-ant), a dispelling agent ; Dispe‘ller, he who or 
that which dispels. 

1717 Frezier Voy. S. Sea 77 It is an admirable dispeller 
of certain Tumors. 1836 F, Manoney Rel. Father Prout, 
Watergrasshill Carousal (1859) 78 A dispeller of sorrow. 
1869 Pall Mall G. 18 Aug. 10 The change of scene..will 
often act as a good dispellant. 

Dispence, var. of DISPENSE. 

+ Dispend, v. Ods. or arch. Also 4-6 des-, 
dys-. Pa.t. and pple. dispended, dispent. [ME. 
des-, dispend-en, a, OF. despend-re (mod.F. dépen- 
dre) = Pr. despendre, Sp. despender, \t. dispendere:— 
late L. dispendére to weigh out, pay out, dispense, 
f, Dis- 1 + fendére to weigh. Cf. EXPEND, SPEND.] 

1. trans. To pay away, expend, spend: a. money, 
wealth. 

¢1330 R. Brunner Chron. (1810) 290 kyng sent.. For 
bisshoppes..& ober pat pei found, Pat ak ier mot dispende 
of londes twenty pound. 1386 Cuaucer Xeeve's 7. 63 For 
hooly chirches good moot been despended On hooly chirches 
blood that is descended. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. 
de W. 1495) 1. xxvii. 45 a/1 She had dyspended alle her 
hauour to leches for to recouure her syghte. 1599 B. Jonson 
Ev. Man out of Hum. i. iii, A poore elder brother of min 
sir,a yeoman, may dispend some seven or eight hund 
a yeere. 1 Declar. Loris & Com, 20 June 6 Those 
summes shall be dispended as the former have been. c 1680 
Hicxerincit. Hist. Whiggisme Wks. 1716 1. 28 All [the 
money) was dispended, 

absol. 1340 Ayend. 53 Ich wylle bet pou ete and drinke 
and .. despendi. 16a9 Gauie /oly Madn. 348 When he 
must needs despend, he .. kisses euery Peece he parts from. 


b. other things. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 13410 (Cott. god drinc suld pou first 
despend. 1411 Rolls of Parlt. 111. 650/2 Schal do brynge.. 
two fatte Oxen..to be dispended onadyner. 14.. Hoccieve 
Compl. Virgin 244 And hath his blood despent in greet foy- 
soun, 1582 N. Licnerrecptr, Cas. eda's Cong. E. Ind. 
xlii, 98a, They were the bolder to dispend amongst them 
their shot, with the which there were many very sore hurt. 
1627 FectHam Resolves 1, \xix. Wks. (1677) 105 Every Man 
will be busie in dispending that quality, which is predomi- 
nant in him. ax745 Swirr Ws, (1841) II. 69 They insist, 
that the army dispend as many oaths yearly as will produce 
£100,000 nett, 1868 KINGLAKE Crintea (1877) IV. xiii. 317 
An isolated bastion dispending its strength, 

ce. To dispend land; to have an income from 
land, to possess land. 

1523 Firzners. Surv. xii. (1539) 27 In some case he shall 
dispende and have more landes. 1613 Sir H. Fincu Law 
(1636) 405 Where that clause needs not, the Iurors must dis- 
pend some land of freehold out i d within 
the Countie where the issue is to be tried. 

2. To spend, consume, employ, occupy (time). 

1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. 2435 Thou here di ed thi 
tym wrang. ¢r Cuaucer Monk's T. 320 How she in 
vertu myghte hir lyf dispende [//ard, evro, despent]. ¢1422 
Hocc.eve Learn to Die 239 My dayes I despente in vanitee. 
1582 N. Licneriep tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. |xix. 


DISPENSABILITY. 
142 Ries npen shewe sha Ceneetonight depen ty times. 
— Mon, Matrones 122 time of my life euill 
spent, 

8. pass. To be brought to an end or finished up ; 
to be exhausted or spent ; to come to an end. 

1393 Gower Con/. I. 5 Whan the prologe is so iq 
1452 Witt of S. ‘ham in Blyth’s Fincham (963) 154 Til- 
hese issue male be dispended. 1470 Harpinc Chron. 1x. i, 
Anchises dyed and was — Caxton's Chron, Eng. 

1. 9/2 The vytayles were dis; and fayled. 

4 To spend to no purpose; to waste, squander. 
3k gts ve Be a change 9 . 

yspen t hys r hym by 
Cusucen L. G. W. 249 Phyllis, Me liste not.. 

[v. r. dispenden] on hym a p full of ynke. ry Naw’ g 
Cato Byb, To thende that thou dyspende hyt not folysshly, 

5. To distribute, DisPENsE (esp. in early use, 
charity to the poor). 

cx Cato Major wu. x. in Anglia VII, Freliche dis- 

nde, Per neod is, euer among. c¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 112 If 
fis be 3euen or despendid to pe pore. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg, 
2 
ae Raa! 
dalt at my buryall. .xls. 


‘o gyue to the poure peple and dispende it amon 
1517 Test, Ebor. (Surt.) V. 88 Dispendyd aa 
*633 P. Frercner Purple /sl. m. 
vii, The purple fountain .. By thousand rivers through the 
Is'e dispent. 1652 Bentowrs 7heoph. xu. xlix. 225 When 
Sols Influence descends .. And richer Showres, then fell on 
Danaes lap dispends. a@1656 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 267 
To make them. .profitable unto us, by charitably dispending 
them. 
6. To dispense with, do without. rare. 

1614 T. Avams Devil's Banquet 61 If a t punishment 
be suspended, the future shall neuer be dispended with, 

+ ‘nder. O/s. Also 4-5 des-, dispen- 
dour. [ME. a. OF. despendour agent-n. from de- 
spendre: see prec.] One that expends; a dis- 
penser ; an almoner; a steward ; = DiSPENSATOR. 

1340 Ayenb. 190 He... het his desspendoure pet he him 
yeaue uyftene pond of gold. Pe spendere. .ne yeaf bote uyf. 
1382 WycuiF 77t.i. 7 It bihoueth a bischop for to be withoute 
crime, as dispendour of God. 1382 — 1 Pet. iv. 10 As goode 
dispenderes of the .. grace of God. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Me/ib. 
? 687 The gretter richesses that a man hath, the mo de- 
spendours he hath. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode um. xvii. 
(1869) 144 Thilke is executrice, and dispendere of the resi- 
due of the testat. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 114 Marye 
..that arte..moste ware dyspender..fede the hungry wyth 
bap 3 benygne prouydence. 161 Fiorio, Dispensatore. .also 
a dis) 


ing, vd/. sb. Obs. [f. DISPEND v. + 
-1nG!,] The action of DispenD v.; expenditure. 


cro —— — oe o—_ — ee 

witterly. . the dis) nge w ely 2 1S. 1 omiiies 

u.A Pondeeds UE G8 sa) 908 There 4 a kind vie 

that shall never diminish the stock. 1603 FLorio Montaigne 

ul. ix, (1632) 537 Their dispending and. .artificiall liberalities, 
b. Money to defray expenses. 

1375 Barsour Bruce vii. 509 He..gaf thame dispending 
And send thame hame. 

ce. Dispensation ; stewardship. 

1388 Wycuir 1 Cor. ix. 17 Dispending [x; G , and 
1611 dispensation ; X. /’. stewardship] is bitakun to me. 

i ious (dispendias), a. [ad. L. dés- 
pendios-us hurtful, prejudicial, f. Dispenpium. Cf. 
mod. , dispendieux expensive (Littré).] 

+1. Causing loss or injury; hurtful, injurious. 

1557 Pore in Strype Zech Mem. 111. App. Ixxx. 276 [It] 
being thought. .that for the necessity of money that is to be 
d ded in the pasli and ise cannot be pro- 
vided, the prorogation of that should be much dispendi 

2. Costly, expensive ; lavish, extravagant. 

x Baitey vol. II, Dispendious, sumptuous, costly. 
1860 Beresr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. ii. 59 A some- 
what dispendious use of material may in the end be true 
economy. 1864 Ecclesiologist XXV. 86 What is the good 
..of this. .dispendious use of ials? ‘ 

Hence Dispe*ndiously adv., at great expense. 

1874 T. G. Bowtes Flotsam § Yetsam g Nov. (1883) 116 
A apple which he had dispendiously it. 

ndi . rare, [f. DIsPEND, after Ex- 
PENDITURE.] = EXPENDITURE. 
1857 Sin F. Parcrave Norm. § Eng. 11. 506 His exuberant 


d ture speedily received a 4 
[L. =cost, expense; 
tre to DISPEND; a 


ndium. es 

also, loss, damage; f. déspende 

parallel form to Comrenpium. Cf. It. déspendio 
expense.] Loss, waste ; expenditure, expense, 

B Petit. Eastern Ass. ¢ a pos pe Be Sar 

a U 5 

(1662) 356 This Gentleman in his Title page ingeniously 


wisheth that his Compendium might not prove a 

dium to the Reader thereof. x60 J. Woopwarp in //i?. 

Trans, XX1, 207 The less they [Plants] are in Bulk, the 

smaller the Quantity of the Fluid Mass in which they are 

set is drawn off; the Dis; ium of it. -being pretty nearly 
tioned to the Bulk of the Plant. 17a7 S, Switzer 

Pract. Gardiner 1. v. 42 The gispendium or expense of 


water was the less Nit E 
Dispensability. [f. next + a The 
quality of being dispensable. a. Capability of 
being dispensed or made the subject o! eccles‘as- 
tical dispensation. b. Capability of being dis- 
pensed — or done ba Omuat peat 
. 4 
Geniete Doctor of the Papa Tor the dispensabilitie of 
oath. 1 Hatiam Hist, Lit. iv. mu. § 23{They]den * 
the dispensability of the decalogue in any part. Srupss 
Med. & Mod. Hist. xii. (1886) 284 The 
as to the dispensability of a marriage 


en i Ew 


a brother's 
b. Miss B Belinda uy 1, ix, 81 Weigt 
ing be hepentabiicy of i y as a trayell 
companion of each [book}. cn 


DISPENSABLE. 


sable (dispensil’l), a. [ad. med.L. 
dispensabil-is, f. dispensdre to DISPENSE: see -BLE. 
Cf. F. déspensable (16th c. in Littré).] ; 

1. Zccl. Subject to dispensation. a, Capable of 
being permitted if special circumstances, though 
against the canons; capable of being remitted or 
condoned, though an offence or sin, 

1533 Morr Let. to Cromwell Wks. 1425/1 Sodenly his 
highnes. .shewed me that..his mariage was .. in such wise 
against the lawe of nature, that it coulde in no wyse by the 
churche be dispensable, 1536 Act 28 Hen. VIII, c.7 § 5 
The maryage..was..ayenst the lawes of almighty god, and 
not dispensable by any humayne auctoritie. 1562 Fitts in 
Strype Aun. I. xxxiii. 371 Horrible sins are dispensable for 
money. @1709 Arkyns Par. § Pol. Tracts (1734) 296 ‘The * 
Distinction of Mala Prohibita, into such as are dispensable, 
and such as are not dispensable. . 

b. Capable of being dispensed with or declared 
non-obligatory in a special case, as a law, canon, 
oath, etc. 

@1612 Donner Bradavaros (1644) 106 If it [the Law] be 
dispensable in some cases beneficiall toa man. 1679 BurNeT 
Hist. Ref. 1.1, ii. 152 He was then of opinion that the law 
in Leviticus was dispensable. 1690 STiLLINGFL. Charge to 
Clergy (T.), The question. .is, whether the church’s benefit 
may not..make the canons against non-residence as dis- 
pensable as those against translations. 1837-9 Hattam 
Hist. Lit. iv. ut. § 23 Durand seems to have thought the 
fifth commandment (our sixth) more dispensable than the 
rest. 1890 Pad/ Mall G. 15 Feb. 2/2 Celibate friars with 
‘dispensable vows’ are henceforth to be one of the recog- 
nized agencies of the Church of England. 

\2. Allowable, excusable, pardonable. arch. or Obs. 

1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie m. xxiv. (Arb.) 286 It came 
not of vanitie but of a fatherly affection, ioying in the sport 
and company of his little children, in which respect. .it was 
dispenceable in him and not indecent. @ 1684 LeicuTon 
Comm. x Pet. iii. 8 In his saddest times, when he might 
seem most dispensable to forget other things. 1704 Swirr 
T. Tub vi. (Seager), If straining a point were at all dis- 
pensable. 

8. That can be dispensed with or done without ; 
unessential, omissible ; unimportant. 

1649 Jer. ‘T'aytor Gt. Exemp. ut. xvi. 54 Things, which 
indeed are pious, and religious, but dispensable, voluntary 
and commutable. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabal, Pref. 
Avij (T.), Speculative and dispensable truths a man.. 
ought rather to propound .. sceptically to the world. 1842 
Brackig in 7azt’s Mag. 1X. 749 Books..are yet only of 
secondary use. .and can never render the hearing ear, and 
the speaking tongue dispensable. 1867 SwinsurNE /'ss. § 
Stud. (2875 118 Not a tone of colour..is misplaced or dis- 
pensable. : , : 

4. Capable of being dispensed or administered. 

1680 St. 7vials, Col. Audrewe (R.), If they be laws, they 
must be. .dispensable by the ordinary courts of the land. 

Hence Dispe-nsableness = DISPENSABILITY. 

1654 Hammonp Fundamentals xii. § 2 (R.) Of Dispen- 
sableness of Oaths. 

Dispensary (dispe‘nsari). [f. L. type dispen- 
sarium, dispensarius (liber): ct. med.L. déspen- 
sdrius (1290 in Fleta = dispensator DisPENSER), 
and F, dispensatre ‘a Dispensatorie, or Booke, that 
teacheth how to make all Phisicall compositions’ 
(Cotgr. 1611) ; f. déspens- ppl. stem of L. déspend- 
tre to dispense: see -ARY.] 

1. A place, room, or shop, in which medicines 
are dispensed; an apothecary’s shop. sec. A 
charitable institution, where medicines are dis- 
pensed and medical advice given gratis, or for a 
small charge (charitable or public dispensary). 

1699 Garr Disfens. Pref. (R.), The dispensary being an 
apartment in the college, set up for the relief of the sick 

r. 1702 (tit/e), ‘The necessity and usefulness of the 

ispensaries lately set up by the College of Physicians in 
London, for the use of the sick poor. 1789 Mrs. Piozz1 
Journ, France 1, 199 [Venice treacle] can never be got 
genuine except here, at the original Dispensary. 1806 SukR 
Winter in Lond. 1. 58 In the discharge of his duty as 
physician to a dispensary. 1869 Lecky Europ. Mor. I. 
iv. 86 A Merchant .. founded ..a gratuitous dispensary 
for the monks. 1874 C. Geikie Life in Woods xvii. 291 
He Fe me some stuff from a dispensary.” 

+2. transf. A collection of the drugs or prepara- 
tions mentioned in the phatmacopceia or to be 
found in an apothecary’s shop. Ods. 

3710 STEELE Tatler No, 248 P 3 Natural Gaiety and Spirit 
- Surpass all the false Ornaments... that can be put on by 
applying the whole Dispensary ofa Toilet. 1768-74 TucKER 
Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 676 Nor yet does it suffice that we have 
a complete d y of remedies without knowing how to 
ape them. 

+3. 


A book containing formulz and directions 
for the making up of medicines ; a pharmacopceia ; 
= DISPENSATORY 56. 1. Obs. or arch. 

1721 Baitey, Dispensary, a ‘Treatise of Medicines. x 25, 
Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Syrup, You have..a Description 
- of it in all Dispensaries. 

Di'spensate, v. rare. [f. L. dispensat-, ppl. 
stem of déspensare; cf. compensate.] = DISPENSE. 

rgor Bevertey Glory of Grace 5 ‘hat all is so Dispensated, 
and Oeconomized in, from, and by the Beloved. 1822 W. 
Irvine Braceb. Hall (184. 5) 144 Conceptions of widely dis- 
pensated happiness, 

ensation (dispenséi-fon). Also 4-6 dys-; 
‘acioun. [a. F. dispensation (12th c. in Hatz,- 
Darm.), or ad. L. déspensation-em distribution of 
money or property, management, stewardshi 
saa eeey, from dispensire to Diseaneet 

ou. II. : 


481 


I. The action of dealing out or distributing. 

1. The action of dispensing or dealing out ; distri- 
bution or administration to others; expenditure, 
spending, or disbursement (of money) ; economical 
use or disposal (of anything). 

1387 ‘Trevisa //igiden (Rolls) 11. 469 (Mitz.) Everych 
schulde make good for his owne partie, and 3eve us special 
helpe and subsidie by his owne dispensacioun. 1649 SELDEN 
Laws of Eng. 1. ii. (1739) 2 The dispensation of this grace 
unto all men. 1695 Woopwarp Nat, Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 
52 A Dispensation of Water promiscuously and indiffer- 
ently to all Parts of the Earth. a1704 T. Brown Praise 
Wealth Wks. 1730 I. 86 Blind in the dispensation of all our 
favours. 1841 D’Isrart Amen. Lit. (1867) 618 Elizabeth, 
a queen well known for her penurious dispensations. 1861 
Tuttocu Zug. Purit. i. 26 Changes in the dispensation of 
the Lord’s Supper. 1878 Lecxy Zug. in 18th C. IIL. viii. 
439 The dispensation of bribes, places, and pensions. 

+2. Anat, The distribution of blood, the nerves, 
etc., from some centre. Ods, 

1668 Cucrerrer & Core Barthol. Anat. 1. i. 301 But the 
Principle of Dispensation from whence the Veins arise, is 
the Liver, and not the Heart. /é7d. 11. i, 322 ‘The Begin- 
ning of the dispensation of Nerves, or the part whence the 
Nerves immediately arise, is the A/edud/a oblongata. 1759 
tr. Duhamel's //usb. u. ii. (1762) 182 This dispensation of 
the nutritive juices. 

3. The process of dispensing medicines or medical 
prescriptions ; ‘ the making up of medicines in ac- 
cordance with prescription, and the delivery of them 
to the patient’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

1646 Sir T. Browne send. Ef. v. iii. 237 In the due dis- 
pensation of medicines desumed from this animall. 1779-81 
Jounson Z. P., Gar/h, Vhe Physicians procured some 
apothecaries to undertake the dispensation. 

II. The action of administering, ordering, or 
managing; the system by which things are ad- 
ministered. 

(This group of senses originates in the L. use of dispen- 
satio to render Gr, oixovouia in N.T. and patristic writers. 
The latter is used in 1 Cor, ix. 17, Eph, iii, 2, Col. i. 25 
for the ‘office of an administrator’ (see sense 4 below) ; but in 
Eph. i. 10, iii, 9, for ‘a method or system of administration’ 
(specifically that which involved the Incarnation’, From 
this latter arose various theological uses: (1) Tertullian 
(Adv. Praxean ii, iii, iv.) uses dispensatio=oixovouia to 
denote the Trinity as an administrative arrangement, i.e. 
a system of distribution and apportionment of functions 
designed by the Father for administrative purposes. ‘This 
is known as an economical as distinguished from an essen- 
tiad Trinity: in the latter the personal distinctions are 
regarded as matters of nature and necessity, in the former 
of will. (See the distinction between Disrensative, D1s- 
PENSATORY, and essential.) (2) It was applied to the 
Incarnation (dispensatio assumpti corporis, a. suscepte 
carnis, or simply désfensatio) as the basis or organ of the 
redemptive system under which mankind now live (August. 
Serm. 264 § 5). (3) The evangelical system is termed dis- 
fensatio gratiz in opposition to the Law or system of works 
(August. Ef. 82 § 20), while the method of salvation by 
means of the Incarnation is disfensatio salutis nostre 
(August, Ser. 237 § 1). Hence, in the Latin version of 
Trenus, Christ is called dispensator paterne gratiz (iv. 
20. 7). (4) Dispensatio was applied to the divine purpose 
or decree which established the system, and determined its 
mode of action (Tertull. Adv. Marc. vi. 18, Hilar. Pict. De 
Trin. ix. 66, xi. 13); also, by Hilary, tothe Passion, as the 
supreme mystery of Redemption.] 

4. The orderly administration of things com- 
mitted to one’s charge; the function or office of 
administrator or steward ; stewardship. arch. 

1382 Wycuir 1 Cor. ix. 17 Forsoth if I willinge do this 
thing, I haue mede; sothly if azens my wil, dispensacioun 
is bitake to me. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 908 They 
shulde geue acomtys of her dispensacyon that haue resceyued 
benefytys and ryches of the chyrche. 1548 Latimer 
Ploughers (Arb.) 34, [ haue taken at my fathers hande the 
dispensation of redemynge mankynde® 1647 Bury Wills 
 aaeat 197 According to the will of him whose steward 

am, and to whom I must give an accompt of the dispen- 
sacion of that which he hath commnieedl ynto me. 1691 
Norris Pract. Disc. 36 A Wise Dispensation of the Fading 
and Unrighteous Mammon. 1860 Trencu Seri. Westit. 
Abb, xxxii.366 A man..may forget or abuse his stewardship 
in the dispensation of one talent as effectually as in the 
rae of ten. 

. Ordering, management ; ¢sf. the divine ad- 
ministration or conduct of the world; the ordering 
or arrangement of events by divine providence. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. vi. 108 (Camb, MS.) Thanne 
the wyse dispensacioun of god sparith hym. 1382 Wycur 
Col. i, 25, I poul am made mynystre bi dispensacioun of 
god. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. (1495) vi. xviii. 204 
The dyspensacion of goddis word settyth some men to fore 
other. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 3463 Whiche danes 
by sufferaunce and dispensacion Of almyghty god for synne 
and iniquite Punysshed ynpiteously ali this region. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 27 Bothe body and soule, 
with the hole dispensacion and ordrynge of our lyfe & wyll. 
1643-7 Westm. Confess. Faith viii. §8 (1877) Overcoming all 
their enemies by his almighty power and wisdom, in such 
manner and ways as are most consonant to his wonderful 
and hable  dispe ion. 1 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. (1677) 260 Albeit in his dispensation..his strokes are 
.. With an equal hand afflicting the innocent with the 
nocent. 1671 Mitton Samson 61, I must not quarrel with 
the will Of highest dispensation. 

b. An arrangemeht or provision of Providence 
or of Nature. 

1665 Hooke MJicrogr. 177 So infinitely wise and provident 
do we find all ispensations in Nature. 1754 SHER- 
Lock Disc. i. (1759) I. 39 The Gospel is a Dispensation of 
Providence in regard to Mankind, 1816 Kratince J'rav. 
(1817) I. 18 With the immutable decree that man should 


DISPENSATION. 


labour, comes the benevolent dispensation that he need not 
want. 186r Mitt U¢sdit. v. 76 Attached to it by a special 
dispensation of nature. 

e. A special dealing of Providence with a com- 
munity, family, or person, dispensing blessing, 
affliction, or other event; the event or lot thus 
dealt out ; as a mystertous or merciful dispensation, 

@ 1652 Rocers (J.), Neither are God's methods or inten- 
tions different in his dispensations to each private man. 
1704 Netson fest. & Fasts ii. (1739) 29 The Dispensa- 
tions of God’s Providence towards Men .. are very pro- 
miscuous. 1823 Scorr Peveril xxix, A humbling dispensa- 
tion on the house of Peveril. 1837 Dickens Pick. ii, 
Mysterious dispensations of Providence. 1848 Ruskin 
Mod. Paint. IL. ui. I. xiv. § 10. 111 Different dispensa- 
tions of trial and of trust, of sorrow and support. 1895 
Crockett Glistering Beaches in Bogmyrtle 154 In the 
north .. everything is either a judgement or a dispensation, 
according to whether it happens to your neighbour or 
yourself, bs 

6. Zheol. A religious order or system, conceived 
as divinely instituted, or as a stage in a progressive 
revelation, expressly adapted to the nceds of a par- 
ticular nation or period of time, as the fatrzarchal, 
Mosate (or Jewish) dispensation, the Christian 
dispensation ; also, the age or period during which 
such system has prevailed ; = Economy 5 b. 

An extension of the patristic use of the word as applied 
to the evangelical system based on the Incarnation (see note 
under IT above); the patriarchal and Mosaic ‘dispensations’ 
being conceived as prophetic of the Christian, all being one 
in substance though differing in form. This use became 
common in the theology of the 17th c. 

1643-7 Mest. Confess. Faith vii. § 6 (1877) There are not 
therefore two covenants of grace, differing in substance, but 
one and the same under various dispensations. a 1652 
J. Saitu Se’, Disc. Div. 297 Vhe Jewish notion is this, that 
the law delivered to them on Mount Sinai was a sufficient 
dispensation from God. 1675 W. Cave (¢:¢/e), Antiquitates 
Apostolic: .. to which is added An Introductory Discourse 
concerning the three Great Dispensations of the Church, 
Patriarchal, Mosaical, and Evangelical. 1706 Pritiirs (ed. 
Ke 


ersey) s.v., In Divinity, God's high Dispensation, is the 


giving of the Levitical Law to the Jews, the Gospel to the 
Gentiles, the Sending his Son for the Redemption of Man- 
kind. 1732 BerkeLry Serm. to Soc. Prop. Gospel Wks. ILL. 
246 The Christian dispensation is a dispensation of grace 
and favour. 1772 Prirsttey Just, Relig. (1782) Il. 124 
Christianity is the last dispensation. 1838 GLansTone 
State in Rel. Ch. vii. (L.), [They] declared... that the 
preaching of the Reformers was a kind of renewed com- 
mencement of the gospel dispensation. 1877 W. Bruce 
Comm, Kev. v, As the Israelitish dispensation was abolished 
by the First Coming of Christ, the Christian dispensation is 
abolished by His Second Coming. 

+7. The ordering or arrangement of anything 
in a particular way; concr. An arrangement, a 
system. Ods. 

1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts, N. 7.135 By my owne volun- 
tary dispensation. 1662 H. More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. 10, 
I never found my mind low or abject enough to sink into 
sense or conceit of that Dispensation [superstition], experi- 
mentally to find what is at the bottom thereof. 1668 -— Div. 
Dial. w. iv. (1713) 295 He that lives in this dispensation of 
life. 1691 Norris /’ract. Disc. 191 The great uses and ad- 
vantages of such a Heavenly dispensation of Life. 

ITI. Theaction of dispensing with some require- 
ment; med.L, dispensatio. (See DISPENSE II.) 

8. Zccl. Anarrangement made by the administra- 
tor of the laws or canons of the church, granting, in 
special circumstances or in a particular case, a re- 
laxation of the penalty incurred by a breach of the 
law, or exempting from the obligation to comply 
with its requirements, or from some sacred obliga- 
tion, as an oath, etc.; the granting of licence by a 
pope, archbishop, or bishop, toa person, to do what 
is forbidden, or omit what is enjoined, by ecclesi- 
astical law or by any solemn obligation ; the licence 
so given. 

¢ 1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 139 Pei sellen it 
for mony, al pat bei maye ; as pardons, indulgencis, & opre 
dispensaciouns. 1382 Wyciir Sed. Wks. III. 162 Dispen- 
sacioun wib bis lawe winnes miche money. /é7d. 511 Monks 
and chanouns forsaken pe reules of Benet and Austyn, and 
taken wipouten eny dispensacioun be reule of freres. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Clerk's T. 690 That he hath leue his firste wyf to 
lete As by the popes dispensacion. 1480 Caxton Chron. 
Eng. ccxxx. 243 Sir Iohan.. wedded dame blaunche duk 
henryes doughter of lancastre cosyn to the same Iohan by 
dispensacion of the pope. ¢ 1555 ARPSFIELD Divorce Hen. 
VITT (1878) 129 A,dispensation is but a gracious releasing 
to some certain person or persons of the common written 
law. 1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. 11. i. 87 Then seeke a dispensa- 
tion for his oath. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. iii. § 30 Richard 
Cheyney, Bishop of Bristol, holding Glocester therewith in 
dispensation. 1696 tr. Du Mont’s bg Levant 37 The 
Profits accruing from the Dispensation of eating Eggs, Milk, 
Flesh, etc. Brackstone Comm. IV. 114 To sue to 
Rome for any licence or dispensation, or to obey any pro- 
cess from thence, are made liable tothe pains of praemunire. 
1856 Frouve //ist. Eng. 1. 143 The original bull of dispen- 
sation which had been granted by Julius II for the marriage 
of Henry and Catherine. 1873 Dixon Two Queens I. 1. viii. 
56 A dispensation would be needed ; but a dispensation could 
be got from Rome. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1664 ButTLer Hud. 1. ii. 103 That Saints may claim a Dis- 
pensation To swear and forswear on occasion. 1673 DryDEN 
Assignation v. iv, "Tis a crime past dispensation. 1682 
Eng, Elect. Sheriffs 11 As if they had a dispensation to 
speak a they please. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 44 He 
had a Disp 


ion from the Mufty to drink Wine. 
61* 


DISPENSATIONAL. 


9. Law. The relaxation or 
the realm in a particular case ; the exercise of the 
dispensatory power claimed by Charles II and 
James IT. 

1607 Torsett. Hist. Four-/. Beasts (1658) 452 The first that 
gave di jon against those laws was Seius Aufidius. 
1667 Pepys apa 4 9 Jan., A way of preventing the King's 

i ion with Acts. 1686 ett Brief Rel. (1857) 
1, 382 Ten [judges] were clear of opinion that the dispensa- 
tion in the case in question was good. 1 KE 
Toleration i. Wks. 1727 11. 250 The private Judgment of 
any Person concerning a Law enacted .. for the publick 


| 


Good, does not take away the Obligation of that Law, nor | 


a mn. 3730-6 Barcey (folio), Dispensation 
by on obstante. If any statute tends to restrain some Pre- 
rogative incident to the person of the King, as to the right 
of Lnomepr ps etc., which are inseparable from the King, by 
a of non obstante, he may dispense with it; this was 
disannulled by Stat. 1. W. & M. _@1832 Mackrxtosu Rev. 
of 1688 Wks. 1846 II. 194 The King answered .. that the 
royal power of disp had been solemnly determined 
to be a sufficient warrant for such acts. 1863 
1. v. 24 It was declared that .. no dispensation with any 
statute should be valid unless such statute allows it. 
b. Clause of dispensation (Sc. Law): see quot. 

1861 W. Beut Dict. Law Scot.,Where heritable subjects lay 
locally discontiguous..a clause of dispensation was some- 
times inserted, specifying a particular place at which it 


.Cox Instit. | 


ion of a law of | Orig. stressed on final, which would have given mod. 


Eng. disfensator; but conformation to L. gave 
dispensa‘tor, exemplified in 17th c, and in Johnson, 
Walker, Craig 1847 ; Smart 1849 has dé-spensa:tor.] 
One who dispenses; a di ser; a distributor. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. xili. 35 Gode hede wold be 
taken that the ————— and vitaillers of the oost be not 
theuys. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) UL. 253 b/2 
As a gode & trewe dyspensatour & dystrybutour to the 
poore le of the les of thy fader. 1549 Compl. Scot. 
xix. 158 hes the to be ane dispensatour of his 
gyftis cae, he ignorant pepil. 1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav. 
1. xlviii. 59 Liuer beeyng dispensator bothe of the good 
and bad — of the humors. 1654 tr. Sendery’s Curia 
Pol. 180 The ancient Romans (who were such equal dis- 
pensators of Glory). a1859 L. Hunt Shewe Faire seeming 
v. Wks. (1860) 178 Much the he lov’d, and wise theatre, 
Counting it as a church, in which the page Of vertuous 
verse found the sole dispensator. 


+b. A steward who administers the goods, etc. of 
another. Ods. 


dide to the disp 


DISPENSE. 
while metal Gopensatery afieale uo Siniene OG 
4. gen. A place whence anything is dispensed or 


dak et ss wy 
Consid. Dissolve. Crt. Chancery Magazine, 
store-! and di: of all Writts remedial, 1752 


A, Murpny ener No. 17 This place is the grand 


ispensatory, ¢. [ad. L. dispensator-ius 
(Jerome), f.. dispensdtor: see DisPENSATOR and 
-ORY. 

+1. Of or pertaining to a dispensator, adminis- 
trator, or steward, or to administration ; = DISPEN- 
SATIVE 1. Odés. 

The 17th c. theologians contrasted dispensati dispen- 
sative cones: which is exercised by virtue of office, with 
oo inherent PoC) The : is} the Son of 

nBow Ser7t. * dispenser Is, 
— ee aera thea 4 God the Father. 
overts Clavis Bibl. iii. i ingdome ma: 
be considered in aver ean ae As it is Essentiall. » 
Occ ical, Di y or Mediatory. 1671 Fravet 


1382 Wycuir Gen. xliii. 16 He « 


| satowr [1388 dispendere] of his hows, seiynge, Lede yn the 


should be,sufficient to take infeftment for the whole lands, | 


and other subjects, however discontiguous or dissimilar, and 
dispensing with any other subjects than earth and stone. 
‘The Crown alone could competently grant such @ dispen- 
sation. i 

10. ¢ransf. Exemption, release from any obliga- 
tion, fate, etc. ; remission. arch. or Obs. 

1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xviii. 275 The richest 
.. resolved to get a dispensation from this voyage by the 
means of a great sum of money. 1676 Hate Contemp. 1. 
96 After this third application for a deliverance from this 
terrible Cup of the wrath of God, and yet no dispensation 
obtained, he returns to..the three Disciples, a@1711 Ken 
Serm, Wks. (1838) 161 Daniel never made business a dispen- 
sation from God’s service. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 200 
P 5 Our intimacy was regarded by me as a dispensation 
from ceremonial visits. 1771 tr. Vind 's Shipwreck 132 
The present circumstances .. appeared to be a sufficient 
dispensation from attending .. to any other consideration, 

li. The action of dispensing w7/h anything; a 
setting aside, disregarding; a doing away with, 
doing without. [Cf. sense 8, quot. 1382.] 

1593 SHAKS. Lucr. 248 And (he) with good thoughts makes 
dispensation Urging the worser sense for vantage still. 
1612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl., O. T. xiv. i, Those temptations 
.. which are raised from arbitrary and private respects, 
admit of an easie dispensation. 1848 Sir J. Parke in £x- 
chequer Rep. 11. 723 Going to the counting-house during 
business hours, and finding no one there to receive the 
notice was equivalent to dispensation of notice. 1855 MILMAN 
Lat. Chr. (1864) V. 1x. vii. 359 The dispensation with appeal 
in certain cases only confirmed [it] in all others. 

Dispensa‘tional, a. [f. prec.+-au.] Ofor 
pertaining to dispensation, or to a dispensation. 

1874 H. R. Reynotps Fohn Baft. v. iii. 351 He had certain 
national and dispensational offices to fill. a © Spectator 
25 Nov. 1478/1 The Day of Pentecost, when the dispensa- 
tional gifts of the Spirit were bestowed. 1888 Bidliotheca 
Sacra Apr. 237 Not a few. .have believed that the limits of 
certain dispensational periods were revealed in Scripture. 

Dispe'nsative, «. (s.) [ad. L. dispensa- 
tiv-us, {.dispensad-re to DISPENSE: see-ATIVE. Cf, 
F. dispensatif, -ive (14th c. in Littré).] 

+1. Administrative, official; pertaining to the 
office of an administrator or steward. Obs. 

1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 58 Though he have here soche 
prerogative, In all poyntes that be dispensative, To performe 
it by commyssion. 1633 Ames Agst. Cerem. 11. 307 Not 
only in the name of the wholle societie, which in suche 
cases hath some dispensative superioritie over particular 
members, but allso by Commission from 1637 R. 
Humpnrey tr. St. Ambrose 1. 21 People are drawne away 
from the office of dispensative mercy. 1656 Jeanes Fudn. 
Christ 34 There ee unto Christ a twofold power of 
Authority, essential, and official. 1. Essential or natural, 
which belongs unto him as God .. 2. Official, dispénsative, 
or donative, delegated unto him as Mediatour, and head o! 
his Church. | ee, 7 E 

2. Dispensing, giving dispensation; = D1sPEN- 
SATORY @. 2. 

r6ax Haxewitt Davids Vow ve Onely the dis- 

can ibly make 


pensative power of the Lawgiver him: 
it lawfull, 1687 Pol. Ballads (1860) I. 256 Knaves [that] 
would set up a Di ive power, To down the Test 


unto which we have swore. 1738 Neat /ist. Purit. IV. 230 
Dr. Barwick .. ap oe that his Majesty should grant 
his commission to the Bishops of each province .. to elect 
and consecrate fit persons for the vacant sees, with such 
dispensative clauses as should be found necessary. 

Dispe‘nsatively, = [f. prec. +-t¥2.] In 
a dispensative way ; by dispensation. 

1572 Forrest Theophilus 542 in Anglia VIL, Some saye it 
was doone ———— 1639 Wotton in Relig. 328(R.), 
I can now hold my place canonically, which I held before 
but dispensatively. 1646 SactmarsH Smoke in Temple 62 
Is not their whole power defended to be entirely, essentially, 
dispensatively in the Presbytery. @ 1656 Br. Haut Serm. 
Canticles 1x. (R.), The state fis) absolutely monarchical in 

rist, dispensatively monarchical in particular 
churches ; forasmuch as that power, which is inherent in the 
Church, is dis executed by some prime ministers. 

Di spenveron. Now rare, Also 4 -owr, 4-6 
-our, 6 -er, Sc.-ure. [a. AF. di: atour =OF. 
dispensateur, -tur (1athe. in Littré), ad. L. dispen- 
satorem, agent-n, from dispensdre to DISPENSE, 


| pensator of all these wonderful events dis; 


men hoom. ¢ 1449 Pecock Nefr. ut. xix. 409 The richessis 
of chirchis ben patrimonies of poor men..the mynystris. . 
ben dispensatouris ther of. 1§53 Becon Re/ignues of Rome 
(1563) 155 The chamberlaynes and dispensatoures or stew- 
ardes of the mysteryes of God. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. 
un iv. m1. iii, Out of that treasure of indulgences and merits 
of which the pope is dispensator, he may have free pardon 
and plenary remission of all his sins. 1656 Blount Glossogr., 
rey toe a a Steward, or Officer that laies out money for 
an houshold. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. 1V. 341 They are 
but Stewards and Dispensatours in respect of God. [1876 
Freeman Norm. Cong. V. xxii. 25 Azor the ‘dispensator’ 
had received his land again from King William.] 

+e. An almoner. Oés. 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's A/rica 1. 222 The kings dispensator 
or almoner. 

d. An administrator. 

¢ 1630 Drumo. oF HawTH. Poems 31/1 The sun in triumph 
rides .. ‘Time's dispensator, fair life-giving source. 1688 
Lapy Russert Lett, II. Ixxix. 4 May the great Dis- 
our hearts 
and minds. 180a Hatred 111. 95 Providence, the supreme 
dispensator of events. 

Hence Di:spensa’'torship. 

1637 R. Humpurey St. Ambrose 11. 36 [He] that beareth 
rule in some office, as in the office of the ministery, all 
dispensatorship. 

Dispensatovrial,c. rare. [f.as DIsPENSATORY 
a.+-AL.] Administrative. 

1776 Bentuam Fragm. Govt. iii. § 5 Wks. 1843 I. 278 By 
dispensatorial power I mean as well that which is exercised b 
the Board of Treasury, as. . the War Office, Admiralty Beard. 

Dispensatorily, adv. [f. Disrensatory a. 
+-LY.] By dispensation ; dispensatively. 

a 1641 Br. R. Mountacu Acts §& Mon. (1642) 159 Prophecy 
is not all of one and the same assise, either canals -.or 
dispensatorily. ax T. Goopwin Wks. 1.1. 439 (R.) eis 
the God of all grace dispensatorily, or by way of perform- 
ance and execution, and gracious dispensations of all sorts, 

Dispe-nsatory, s?. [ad. med. or mod.L. dés- 
pensatorium, dispensatorius (liber), absol. use of 
dispensatorius adj.: see next and -ory.] 

1. A book in which are described the composi- 
tion, method of preparation, and use of medicinal 
substances ; a pharmacopceia. 

1566 Securis Detection Abuses Physick D vj, ¥* poticarie 
mought not be without the dispensatories of Valerius Cordus, 
of Fuchsius. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant Aviijb, 
Wherto is added a Chirurgical Dispensatory; shewing the 
Manner how to prepare all such Medicines. 1799 M/ed. Prué, 


Il. 91 A cerate, which nearly r bles the um 
tripharmacum of the old Dispensatory. 1811 A.T. Tuomson 
i: Practical Synopsis of 


(Ee). ‘The London nsatory, a 
fateria Medica, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics. 1879 
Sritte & Marscu (tit/e), The National Dispensatory. 
attrib. 1716 M. Davies Athen, Brit. 1. 352 Of all our 
Dispensatory Medicines, there's not one better. 


. fig 
ax626 Br. ANprewes Sern. x. Holy Ghost —_ 462 In 
all Christ's dispensatory, there is not a medicine for such 
aheart. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety vii. ? 1 (They) defame the 
Gospel as the dispensatory, and Christ as the Cropped 
and likewise ruine themselves as the patients. 1697 ‘OLLIER 
Immor. Stage i. (1698) 5 One of, weigh tomer Poetry, 


Vinum an 4 up by 
the Devils Dispe . 2741 Warsurton Div. Legat. 
Il. 44. 1773 Berrince Chr. World Unmasked (1812) 27 To 
hear what my dispensatory says concerning will prayer. 

+2. A place where medicines are made up; = 
Dispensary 1. Obs, 

1s97 Gerarve Herbal xxxv. xxv. § 1. 35 Aeomeneas 
shop or dispensatorie, a 1626 Bacon New A?i, (1650) 29 
Dispensatories, or Shops of Medicines. 1644 Evetyn 
Diary 8 Nov., Father Kircher ss i i i 
fectory, disp y, lab Y> gardens, L 
Call. 1. § 3 P 14. 23 Not only a purses, but 
ispensatories too, providing medicines as.. 
that sort of relief. 1742 Ricnarpson Pameda I. 352 [He] 


praised me that I don't carry my Charity to Extremes, 
and make his House a Dinpoeetery. 1799 tr. Diderot's 
Nat. Son 11. 196 He had given mea key dispensatory, 


that I might myself take what I wanted. é 
. A repertory or collection of medicines. 

riana in Fuller’s Cause § Cure (1867) 207 Sickness 
carrieth with it its own dis for such incivilities. 
1707 Curios. in Hush. § Gard. 108 If but one half of them 
were true, we should find in this single Tree an intire Dis- 
pensatory; and the jengeay bee and the Juice of 
Ash, would be sufficient to furnish an 's Shop. 
1748 G. Jerrreys in Duncombe's Lett. (1773) 11. 196 The 


“room, pantry, or ce 


Fount. Life xiii. 38 The Divinity of Christ..which was ob- 
scured in this Temporary Dispensatory kingdom. a 1679 
T. Goopwin Wes. I. 1. 439 (R.) There is a dispensatory 
Kingdom (as Divines use to call it), as he [Christ] is con- 
sidered as Mediator between God and his church: which 
Kingdom is not his natural due, but it was given him and 
given him by choice. 

2. That gives dispensations; having the power or 
habit of dispensing with laws or rules. 

31647 Trare Comm. Jas. ii. 10 A dispensatory conscience 
keeps not any Commandment. 1650 — Comm. Gen. 
vii. 5, Exod. x. 26. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 36. 

Dispe’nsatress, [f. DisPENSATOR + -ESS.] = 
next. In recent Dicts. 

Dispensa‘trix. [a. L. dispensitrix, fem. of 
dispensator DISPENSATOR.] A female dispenser. 

a 1864 Faner tr. De Montfort's Devotion to Virgin, He 
has chosen her to be the dispensatrix of all He possesses, 
1865 Pusey Eiren. 258 De Montfort speaks of ‘the free- 
thinkers of these [his] times’; who did not believe that the 
Holy Trinky has made the Blessed Virgin the dispen- 
satrix of all which they joes and will to bestow upon man, 

+ Dispense, s/.! Os. Forms: 4-5 (7) des- 
pens(e, 4-8 dispense, 4-7 dis-, 5-6 dyspence. 
[In L., a. OF. despense act of spending, ad. late L. 
dispensa, sb. from pa. pple. of dispendére to Dis- 
PEND; prob. blending with OF. desfens :—L. dis- 
pensum that which is expended. In II. prob. an 
ea deriv. of the vb. in the cognate sense.] 

. 1. The act of spending, expenditure. 

¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) read Your travail and your despens. 
1340 4. . 21 Huanne he dep to moche despense ober of 
his o3en ober of opre manne, ¢1386 Cuaucer Prod. 441 
He was but esy in dispence. ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 1141 ate 
his purpos .. Was for to make gret dispense. «rsa Te. 
Berners Huon |xxxix. 283 gt I oma 4 his 
dyspence. 1613 William J in Hari. Misc. (M Reg 
154 With great dispence, both of their estates and 
1664 Pepys Diary 1879) IIL. 41 [They] are not sufficient to 

a Warr comes. 


, costs. 


s. L. 20 housis and 


2 dispenses. 1718 Byrom Fran. 
& Lit. Rem. (1854) 1. 1. 36 With these Fs pot on H 
pak were So nc oe ei 


ry Are his —— Dove: King’ Hart 
@ 1510 LAS 
443 Thal wanti dispence, Ewill purvayit folk. 
régh'F, Kinxnan Clerio § Losta 123 Which meant fl 
A tar sojourn at m bet; 3 a 
2. The act of dispensing or bestowing liberally, 


1590 SPENSER £2. B. xii. " 
nce. 1596 — F. 0. 
Vv. Xi. 5 Dealing his dreadfull blowes with large dispence. 
kK heal -! a store- 
er 5 ale 
larder, storehouse, gardemanger ‘otgr. 
0 aes, nN ee eee ee 
to the Dispense for wine. /id. n. 348 Ina Dispense, 
or Pantrie. bid. 11. 351. 

Il. 4. a 
1490 CAXTON fos xii. 46 [Elysse 
pene chatenayes first vowes of e sed. 

Gude § G. Huntis ‘That ceuell beist, he 
sais caiet® Goder dlepana to pnt © 


ve Sp. & Port. It it 
every knight ee teenies to py for his vow. 


certainty ; an undetermined condition ; . 
at in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 294 Mr. Til. 
e .. shal! farm rte 


his submyssion for his 
offence untyll the ffeast of 138 Rucn Phylotys 


Pass lL 


ee ee! 


- Emelia (18 If there be any th that hanges in 

: erg 1647-8 ieee Davila's Hist. 

Fr. ged ithe absense of the Princes held the King 
and all his Ministers in great 


Dispense (dispe'ns), v. Also 4-6 des-, 5-6 
dys-; 5-8 dispence. [ME. a. OF. de-, dispenser 
(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) = Pr., Sp. despensar, It. 
fa ome L. dispensare (freq. of dispendére 
to : ef. fensare to weigh out); in class.L. 
to distribute by weight, to weigh out, disburse ; 
to administer as steward, to dispose, arrange; in 
med, L. to arrange or deal administratively with 
a person in reference to the requirements of an 
ecclesiastical canon or law.] 

I. from L. déspensare in classical senses. 

1. “rans. To mete out, deal out, distribute ; to 
bestow in portions or from a general stock. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. vi. 139 (Camb. MS.) Despens- 
ynge and yynge Meedes to goode men, and torment 
to wykked men. ¢ 1420 Padlad. on Hush. 1. 172 Abundaunt 
wyne the north wynde wol dispence To vynes sette agayne 
his influence. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 28b, 
Some we must vse, dispence and expende, and truly dis- 
tribute. H. Butres Dyets drie Dinner Aaij, 1 as- 
sume the ers office: and .. dispense to every of my 
Guests according to the Season, his Age and Constitution. 
3647 Crarenvon /ist. Reb. 1. (1843) 20/2 He might dispense 
favours and disfavours according to his own election. 1667 


“Mitton P. L. 1. 157 Now gentle gales .. dispense Native 


mes. 1715 Leon Palladio’s Archit, (1742) Il. 99 
Pipes which dispens’d the Heat. 1781 Cowrzr 
Convers. 1 Though Nature weigh our talents, and dispense 
To every man his modicum of sense. 1849 Macautay //ist. 
Eng. 11. 81 Several commissioners.. had been appointed 
to or, the public alms. . 
+b. To spend (time, talents): both in the sense 
of expending profitably and of wasting. Obs. 
¢1624 Cuarman Batrachom. 13 Who with his wreake 
dispenst No point of Tyme. 1638 Rouse /eav. Univ! x. 
(1702) 147 As every man hath received the Gift so let him 
exercise and dispense it. 1649 G. Daniet Trinarch., 
Rich. IT, cccxxviti, Affliction Is the best Mistresse to dis- 
pence our Time. : 
2. To administer (e.g. a sacrament, justice, etc.). 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. un. ii. (1495) 30 An angel 
ey he thynges that ben abowte vs. xg01 Pol. Poents 
(Rolls) Il. 46 The sacrament that we han to dispensen off 
penaunce to the peple. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 
65 It is nocht ye office of euerie man. .to consecrat, dispens, 
and minister ye sacraments. 1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle 
Iv. 1517 You, which should true equity dispense. a 1656 
Br. Hatt Serm. Canticles 1x. (R.), That power .. is dis- 
sed and executed by some prime ministers. 1678 Cun- 
worth Jntell. Syst. 110 Shall we say ..that this whole 
Universe is dispensed ond ordered, by a mere Irrational .. 
and Fortuitous Principle? 1894 Law 7 times 387/2 Sir Richard 
Malins .. dispensed a home-brewed equity of his own. 
b. adsol. 


fiz" Cuaucer Boeth. w. pr. vi. 1og (Camb. MS.) In the 
i eg I trowe pat god dispensith. a 1633 Austin 
Medit. 106 Lest hee should not dispense, and governe well. 
3. Med. To make up (medicine) according to a 
prescribed formula; to put up (a prescription). 
1533 Exyvot Cast. Helthe (1541) A iij, Some [physitions] 
were not diligent inough in beholdynge their drouges or 
ingredience at all tymes dispensid and tried. 1612 Woopa.t 
Surg. Mate Wks, (1653) 310, I dispence and administer all 
[drugs] by Haber-de-pois. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 
1. 586 That ., the apothecary dispense his recipes properly. 
1780 Cowrer Progr. Err. 594 Swallow the two a nos- 
trums dispense—That Scripture lies, and blasphemy 
is sense. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., s. v. Dispensary, The place 
where ines are prepared and given out, or dispensed. 
II. from med.L. dispensare in eccles. use. 
[In later med.L. (by 1200 or earlier) dispensare was used 


absol. or intrans. { =agere dispensatorie or dispensative), in 
the sense ‘to an arrangement in the c! er of a 
steward (vixov6pos), dmini rator, or ger, to deal ad- 


ively,’ especially in to the practical appli- 
cation of a law or rule to a particular case ; first, apparently, 
in the way of relaxing a punishment or ce, whick’ 
according to strict law, had been already incurred, but in 
the particular case ought to be remitted for special reasons; 
th in the remission of a punist not yet incurred, 
which d in fact to a | to break the legal rule ; 
and thus, in the general sense of ting relaxation, ex- 
emption, indulgence, etc. The it constructions were 
pout in tali casu, circa jus, circa aliguem or aliquid, 
esp. cum aliguo (ut possit), etc, (to dispense in such 

a case, in reference to a certain law, or a certain person or 
F. W. Maitland, Tiers age oe 

“These intrans. uses. into Engli . dispense 
with, which b eased, d Me re “ wath ioe 
direct oot to be dispensed wit, 4 god has head ae 
development of sense: see branch is elision of t 
prep ples P nthe verb has also become 
trans. in the sense ‘to grant dispensation to, or from.’ 
‘Transitive senses are found also in French from rth c.] 

4. intr. To deal dispensatorily, to use dispen- 
satory power; to grant dispensation or relaxa- 
tion of the strict letter of the law iz a i 
case; to make a special arran: it (witk any 
one) whereby the gene! of a law is remitted in 
his case. a. simply, or with iz. (Orig. in refer- 
ence to ecclesiastical law; said also of a king’s 


i er. 
©1440 Prop. Par 122/2 


40 case wi 
to be contained under the meaning of the law. 
1563 Winzer Four Scoir Thre Quest. \xxx. Wks. 1888 I. 128 


Dyspenson, be oy of 
lispenso. cass Hanesrieip Divorce Hen. LL 
he di; he sheweth the 


rh Se tl Sty ie ye, tal tli i a 


483 


Quhat pouer haif 3¢ to dispence mair in the ane nor in the 
wthir? 1688 Siz KE. Hexsert Hales’ Case 29 There is the 
same Disability in the Case of Sheriffs, and yet resolved 
that the King can Dispense in that Case. 1810-16 C. O' Conor 
Columbanus ad Hibernos vii. 62 It asserted. .that the Pope 
could not dispense in the allegiance due by Catholics to 
their Sovereigns. 1833 RK. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) 1. 307 
In case he could not (Seer +. at any rate the acts of one 
Council might be rescinded by another. 

+b. with clause, expressing purpose or end. Obs. 

1555 Haresrie_p Divorce //en.V IIT 878) 133 He cannot 
dispense that a man should keep a concubine, or that a 
king having a barren wife may marry again. 1639 Futer 
Holy War w. xxv. (1647) 212 The Pope would not dispense 
that Princes should hold pluralitie of temporall Dominions. 

¢, with wth. The earliest construction exem- 
plified (in Wyclif c 1380), and also the most im- 
portant: see Dispense with, III below. 

+d. with against. To relax a law or its 
penalty in opposition to (some authority) ; to give 
dispensation, indulgence, or permission, in oppo- 
sition to (some law). Ods. 

1555 Harpsrietp Divorce Ifen. VIII (1878) 133 Of set 
purpose spoken to intimate that the Pope cannot dispense 
against that chapter. /did. 146 He saith the Pope may dis- 
pense against the Apostles’ order, as in bigamie, yet not 
against God's own law. 1561 Daustr. Buliinger on Apo. 
(1573) 185 b, Yea the same gloser.. sayth: The Pope if he 
will, may dispence agaynst the Councell. For he is more 
than the Councell. 

+ 5: trans. To relax the law in reference to (some 
thing or person). a. To remit or permit (a thing 
which is forbidden by the strict letter of the law, ; 
to remit or relax the penalty for (an offence); to 
condone. Obs. 

1393 Gower Conf. 1. 365 His sinne was dispensed With 
golde, wherof it was compensed. c 1540 in /isher's Wks, 
(E.E, T.S.) 11. p. xlii, In this Bull the maryage with Prince 
Henrie was dispenced, for that the ladie was before maryed 
to his brother prince Arthur. 1566 Vasguine in a Traunce 
108 The Pope, dispensing all things for money. 1591 
Troub, Raigne K. Fohn (1611) 48 Our holy father hath 
dispenst his sinnes. 

+b. To permit ‘a person) to do something 
contrary to the general law; to permit by dis- 
pensation. Ods. 

1511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 1. Preamble, No person shuld 
carie. .out of this Realme.. Bullion.. but suche persons as be 
desspensed within the Statute. 1605 Campen A’evz. (1637) 
127 Hugh .. was dispensed by the Pope to marrie. 

te. absol. To permit, allow, give dispensation. 

1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. To Rdr. Aiija, Would 
Truth dispense, we could be content with Plato, that know- 
ledge were but Remembrance. 

6. trans. To dissolve, relax, or release by dis- 
pensation. +a. To relax or dissolve the obliga- 
tion of (a vow, oath, or the like) by ecclesiastical 
authority. Ods. 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 619/2 The churche hathe 
synce. .dispensed and vndone the bonde. 1632 Massincer 
City Madam v. iii, Thy holy vow dispensed. 1640 Bratu- 
wait Two Lanc. Lovers 235 Those vowes .. could not so 
easily be dispenced. 

To give (a person) dispensation from some- 
thing; to release from (+ of) an obligation; to 
exempt, excuse. 

1627 Lisander & Cal. 1v.58 Beleeving that hee was dis- 
pensed of his promise. 1639 IT. Bruais tr. Camus’ Moral 
Relat. 345 (He] entreated his Highnes to dispense him 
from swearing that hee should no more love Goland. 1653 
H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxxi.122 The Subject I now 
treat of dispences me to speak of all. 1697 Deypen Virg. 
Past. Pref. (1721) I. gx Extraordinary Genius’s have a sort 
of Prerogative, which may dispense them from Laws, bind- 
ra to Subject-Wits. 1744 Jounson L. P., Savage Wks. 
III. 366 He appeared to think himself .. dispensed from all 
necessity of providing for himself. a 1822 SHeLtey Ess. &c. 
(1852) I. 226 This materialism .. allows its disciples to talk, 
and dispenses them from thinking. 1851 J. H. Newman 
“33 Who was to dispense them from their oath? 
Y 


absol, 
all panegiric. 

+ 7. To do without, to forgo ; = Dispense with : 
see 14. Obs. 

c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. v1. 235 As he as swyfte to be yit 
I dispence. 1580 Siwney Arcadia (1674) 122 (D.) Images 
of battels and fortifications being then delivered to their 
memory, which after, their stronger judgements might dis- 


nce. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. \ix. (1739) 110 
His Fight of investiture of the Mared Clergy he dispensed. 


+ 8. intr. To make amends or compensation for. 
Obs. rare. (Cf. 1393 in 5 a.) 


1590 Srenser F. Q. 1. iii. 30 One loving howre For man 
yen ane Coe . f 


III. with. 

Orig. the chief construction of the intrans. sense 4, 
=med.L. dispensare cum (see note under 11); which has 
b a verbal ib » with indi: ive to be 
dispensed with, and extensive deve aioaeel 

* To dispense with a person. 

+9. To arrange administratively with (a person), 
so as to grant him relaxation or remission of 
penalty incurred by breach of law, or special ex- 
emption or release from a law or obligation; to 
let off from doing something; to exempt, excuse. 
ref. To excuse oneself, refrain or abstain from. 


Cath. 
Woman of Honor 11. 50 That dispenses from 


DISPENSE, 


doutir of Charles. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 299 To gether 
money..he had lycence of pope Innocent. .to dispence with 
such as hym lykyd .. for fakyoce vpon them the crosse. 
1549 Latimer 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 57 God had 
dispensed wyth theym to haue manye wyues. 1606 Ho:- 
Laxp Sueton. 104 He dispensed with a gentleman of Rome 
for his oath .. never to diverce his wife, and gave him leave 
to put her away. 1705 Appison /taly 251, I could not dis- 
pense with my self from making a little Voyage. 1728 T. 
Suerivan Persius Ded. (1739) 6, I hope I shall be dispensed 
with, for studying Easiness of Style, rather than Elegance. 
1775 in Mad. D’ Arblay’s Early Diary (1289) II. 52, I can- 
not dispense with myself from giving you..my whole 
sentiments. 

+b. ¢ransf. To make an arrangement or com- 
pound with, for an offence, etc. Obs. rare. 

1568 Grarton Chron. I]. 117 These Gualo reserved to his 
awne aucthoritie, and in the ende for great summes of 
money [he] dispensed with them. 1593 Suaks. 2 //en. V/, 
v. i 181 Canst thou dispense with heaven for such an oath 1 
1659 Bb. Harsis /artval’s [ron Age 126 Vhey [were] dis- 
pensed with for a Garrison, and the Forfeit of an hundred 
and fifty thousand Rix-dollars. 

** Yo dispense with a rule, obligation, require- 
ment, etc. 

10. To deal administratively with (a law or rule, 
ecclesiastical or civil, so as to relax or remit its 
penalty or obligation in a special case; to give 
special exemption or relief from. : 

€ 1380 Wye Sel. Wks. HN. 511 Pe pope may dispence 


wib pe reule of ech privat secte o but he may not 
dispense wip Cristi t astlis, xgoxr /’ol. 
Poems (Rolls) I. y yed him to dispense with 
the hardnesse of your order. rg00-20 Dunxuar Lensert 
freir 54 He had dispensit with n. 1538 
STARKEY 


STA 


hy land 1. v. 1031 
to have such authoryte to 
a 1626 Bacon Max. & ( 
Necessity dispe th 
1818 Cruise Diy 
ent might dispense ord 
he fit. 1827 Hasiam Const. //is! 
a 1.. that the king could not 
1862 | UGHAS 
it of the King to disp 
11. To relax the obligation of (a vow, 


ge be of God the pope can 
1593 Nasne Christ's 7.15, His hu 
oth was dispenst with. a@1618 K 

kingdoms are there, wherein, } j 
absolving subjects from al 
wrought innumerable misch 


our Was p. 
cH (J.), 
ing with o; i 

e..the popes have not 
fs. 1692 WaAsHINGTON tr. A/¢l- 
ton's Def. Pop. iv. (1851) 126 Vhere needs no Pope to dis- 
pense with the Peoples Oath. 1868 Freeman Nori. Cong. 
(1876) IL. vii. 117 The king's vow of pilgrir dis- 
pensed with. 1883 Froupe in Contemp. Rev. XLV. 13 
A safe-conduct had not saved Huss, and Popes could dis- 
pense with promises. 

+12. To set aside the obligation, observance, or 
practice of (any duty, etc.) ; to disregard. Ods. 

1559 Mirr. Mag., Warwick vi, With his fayth he past not 
to dispence. 1598 Suaks. Aferry W. 11. i. 47 Hang the 
trifle (woman) take the honour: what is it? dispence with 
trifles: what is it? 1607 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 35 
To resume that duty which I have so long dispensed with. 
1659 B. Harris Jarival’s [ron Age 125 It seems that..men 
may dispense with their faith or word given, even upon meer 
doubts. 1748 Richarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. 310, I never 
knew her dispense with her word, but once. 

13. To do away with (a requirement, need, or 
necessity) ; to render unnecessary or superfluous. 

1576 Freminc Panofl. et 255 {A Translation] short 
also, and not tedious, which dispenseth with all maner of 
cares and businesse. 1625 Bacon Ess., Ambition (Arb.) 225 
The Vse of their Seruice dispenseth with the rest. 1729 
Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 111 Guilt or injury .. does not 
dispense with or supersede the duty of love and good-will. 
1875 F. Hatt in Lippinmott's Mag. XV. 341/1 Familiar 
facts dispense with all need to draw on the imagination. 
1892 Law Times XCAV. 104/1 The possession given on the 
marriage day..dispensed with the necessity of a writing. 

14. To excuse or put up with the absence or want 
of (a thing or person) ; to forgo, do without. (The 
opposite of 16.) 

1607 SHAKS. Timon u1. ii. 93 Men must learrie now with 
pitty to dispence. 1643 Six T. Browne Kelig. Med. 1. § 3 
At the sight of a Crosse or Crucifix I can dispense with my 
hat, but scarse with the ae, ae or memory of my Saviour. 
1742 Ricnarpson Pamela 111. 325 Won't you, Sir, dispense 
with me, on this Occasion? 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge 
xii, Let us disp with compli s. 1856 Froupe Hist. 
Eng. (1858) 1.1. 68 No genius can dispense with experience. 
1874 GrEEN Short //ist. ii. § 8. 105 Resources which enabled 
him to dispense with the military support of his tenants. 

*#* To dispense with a breach of law, fault, 
offence, objectionable matter, etc. 


+15. To deal with (a breach of law) so as to 


not been wont 
Suaxs. Meas. 


c Wycur Wks. (1880) 390 Her-to pai ben den .. 

per may no man dispense with hem of pat. boonde. 
1460 CarGrave Chron. 109 Whan his fader was ded, the 
Pope dispensid edde the 


ee i Tesae Gentian 
vertue. 
Fae Recta ol be cleunl te degen wit this little 
2 


DISPENSELESS. 


digression. 1716 A Freeholder No. 43 (Seager) His 
religion dispenses with the violation of the most sacred 


engagements. Bes é 

+16. To deal with indulgently ; to manage with ; 
to do with, put up with, Ods. (The exact opposite 
of 14: see quot. 1796.) 

1g80 Sipney Arcadia v. (1590) 451, I would and could dis- 

— with these difficulties. 1660 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. 

) I. 366 Though they lately hated.a square cap, yet now 
they could dispense with one. 1665 S1r ‘I. Hersert 7raz. 
(1677) 158 Yea, [they] can dispense with Hogs flesh and 
account it a dainty. 12703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 130 Some 
Trades require a deeper, others may dispence with a shal- 
lower — 1755 Cotman & Tuornton in Connoisseur 
No. 91? 5 My pantry is stored with more provisions than we 
can dispense with. 776 Pecce Anonym. (1809) 460, I can 
dispense with it, i. e. L'can do with it; and, I can dispense 
with it, i. e. I can do without it. 

+ Dispe‘nseless, «. Obs. rare. [See -Less.] 
Not subject to dispensation. 

1721 Cisser Perol/a 1, Dispenseless Oaths. 

Dispenser (dispe'nsa1). Forms: 3-7 despen- 
cer, 4-5 despenser, 4-6 dispensour, 5-6 dys- 
penser, 6- dispenser. [ME. disfensour, a. AF. 
des-, dispensour = OF. despenscor, -eur :—L. dispen- 
sator-em, agent-n. from dispensare to dispense. 
This has fallen together with AF. & ME. despencer, 
-ser, = OF. des- dispensier,=It. dispensiere, Sp. 
despensero, Pg. -tero = med.L. dispensarius, f. 
late L, dispensa : see DisPENSE sd. and -ER 2 2.] 

1. One who dispenses, deals out, bestows, or ad- 
ministers. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 33 They may be founde 
the faythfull dyspensers of the sayd graces. in Edin. 
Rev. No. 323. 70 The most ordinary carriers and dispensers 
of the infection of the plague. 1653 Manton Exf. Fames 
vy. 2-3 God gaue us wealth, not that we should be hoarders, 
but dispensers. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. //ist. (1776) I. 336 The 
air .. as a kind dispenser of light and warmth. 1855 Ma- 
cautay //ist. Eng. 111. 554 A dispenser of bribes. 1868 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 11. vii. 67 The dispensers of 
church patronage. 

2. One who manages or administers. a, A 
steward of a household. arch. 

_ [1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 559 Sir Hue pe Despencer, be noble 
ustice.] ¢1380 Wyciir Serv. Sel. Wks. I], 229 Men axe 
Vac a man be found trewe amongis dispensours of an house. 
c 1400 MaunpevV. (1839) xi. 123 Helizeus..pat was 30man & 
despenser of Abraham before pat Ysaac was born. 
Furke Agst. Allen 112(T.) Christ's embassadours, ministers, 
and dispensers. 1605 CaMDEN Kem. (1637) 246 Turstane the 
kings steward, or Le Despencer, as they then called him. 
1626 L. Owen Renuning Register 3 The vnder-Officers of 
the Colledge, as the Despencer, Cooke, Butler, Baker [etc. }. 
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I, vi. 512 Eadric his dis- 
yenser. 31880 MurrHeap Gaius 1. § 122 Those slaves who 
ad charge of their owner's money were called dispensers. 
b, An administrator of the law, of authority, etc. 

1654 State Case Commew. 24 Where law is dispensed there 
should .. be a ready passage to redress against the dispen- 
sers. 182§ CoLceripGE Ards Reff. (1848) I. 111 The dis- 
penser of his particular decrees. 1875 KiINGLAKE Crimea 
(1877) V. i. 14 Never did he convince the dispensers of 
military authority. 1884 Law Times 1 Mar. 314/2 The 
stern majesty of the law of which he is the dispenser. 

3. One who makes up medical prescriptions and 
serves out medicines, 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dispenser, one who dis- 
tributes or administers ; usually applied to medicines. 1861 
Wynter Soc. Bees 455 A dispenser who could not stop in 
the room with an unstoppered bottle of ipecachuana. 1885 
Pall Mall G, 31 Dec. 5/1 The old saying that ‘chemists 
and dispensers make eleven pence three farthings profit out 
of every shilling they earn’, 

4. One who dispenses with, or gives a dispensa- 
tion to (a person or thing). 

1604 Constit. & Canons Eccles. § 118 Such dalliers and 
——— with their own consciences and oaths, 

ence Dispe‘nsership, the office of a dispenser 
(of medicine). 

1891 Lancet 3 Oct., Dispensership (out-door) wanted by 
young man. 

+Dispe‘nsible, a. Os. [repr. L. type *dfs- 
pensibilts, f. ppl. stem of dispendére: see DisrEND.] 

= DISPENSABLE I, 2. 3 

1661 Petit. for Feace 5 Things dispensible, and. .unneces- 
sary. 1688 Sir E. Herserr //ades’ Case 22 If any Penal 
Laws were. .less Dispensible than others. 1689 W. Arwoop 
Ld. Herbert's Acc, Examined 51 He makes all things not 
forbid 4 God's Law to be dispensible by the xin, 1766 
Amory Buncle (2770) IV. 19 Every rule is dispensible, and 
must, give way when it defeats the end for which it was 
appointed, 

Hence + Dispe‘nsibly adv. 

1711 Peace in Divinity 15 There is a keeping them [the 
Commandments] —— and indispensably, which is the 
Condition of the Law; and a keeping them sincerely and 
——— with the Relaxation of that Severity, thro’ 
Faith in Christ, which is the Condition of the Gospel. 

Dispe-nsil, var. of Derencit v. Obs. 

1631 Weever Anc. Fun, Mon. 133 Sentences of Scripture 
appointed to be painted or dispensild in euery Church. 

, vbl. sb. [f. DISPENSE v. + -1NG!.] 
The action of the verb DIsPENSE, in various senses: 
dealing out, distribution, bestowal; administra- 
tion, management ; dispensation; the making up 
of medicine according to prescription. 

€ 1380 Wycur Wks. ge 67 As id it were not leful to do 
profit to mennus soulis wib-out dispensynge of anticrist. 
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xvi. (R.), My Lorde.. 


484 


taketh awai from me the power and office any 
the dispensing of his goodes. 1608 Hizron . 1. 748/2 
The faithfull dispensing of Thy truth. Mitton Divorce 
1. v. (1851) 75 It is a fond per ion .. that dispencing is 
paceee! —— Sir ~ HeErpert — — = Acknow- 
ging this power of Dispensing to in ing. 
Swirt Reasons agst. Exam. Drugs Wks. 1755 IIL, 1. | 
The power. .lodged in the censors of the cobs of physi- 
cians to restrain any of his majesty’s subjects dispens- 
ing. 1727 Pore 7h. on Var. Subj. in Swift's Wks. (7755) 
II. 1. 225 The choice of ladies .. in the dispensing of their 
favours. 1856 F. E. Pacer Ow/et Owlst. 106 Is not .. 
Sparrowgrass too liberal in her own dispensings? 

b. attrib. Dispensing power, the power of 
dispensing with or suspending the laws of church 
or state in special cases. 

1621 Lp. WittiaMs in Fortesc. Papers 166 This disp 


DISPERSE. 


1577 Frampton Joyful Newes u. I desert or 
was \. 174° 

Bive eid. (Re) Endless .. -- From ail the wide 

peopled country row 1844 HIRLWALL Greece . 

peopled city was placed .. at the disposal 


Argos. 
Dispeo'pler. [f. prec. vb.+-2n1.] One who 
or that which dispeoples; a depopulator. 
1616 Breton Good & Badde 2 Hee is a Dispeopler of his 
Kingdome. 1711 Gay Rural Sports 1. g Nor troll for 
pikes, dispeop! lers of the lake. 1s Statius’ 


Thebaid 1x. 264 ‘The stern Dispeopler of the Plains. 
Dispeopling, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING},] 


power were more fitly placed in his Highnes. 173% Swirt 
Presbyt. Plea Merit Wks. (1761) IIL. 275 The King .. en- 
couraged by his Presbyterian friends, went on with his 
dispensing power. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 135 
The dispensing power of the popes was not formally limited. 
1874 GREEN Short Hist. ix. § 3-622 His bill to vest a dis- 
pensing power in the Crown had been defeated. 

Dispensing, ///.a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 
That dispenses : see the verb. 

1642 Rocers Naaman 554 The swarme of Pharisees and 
dispensing hypocrites. 1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 
168 That they should come down .. from the hands of a 
dispensing despotism. Mod. Take the recipe to a dis- 
pensing chemist. 

Hence Dispe’nsingly 
manner}; distributively. 

a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 117 God is rich 
in all things towards man, and... cannot but dispensingly 
under one word sometime imply diverse things. 

+ Dispe‘nsion. 0¢s. [n. of action from Dis- 
PEND: ef. OF, despension expense (Godef.).] * 

1. Spending ; expenditure. 

1630 Lennarp tr. Charron's Wisd. 1. xxi. § 1 (1670) 75 
Their dispensions themselves. .have a scent of Covetousness, 
1684 N.S. Crit. Eng. Edit. Bible xxv. 231 With what noyse, 
bustle, and dispension the diversities of Bibles came ac- 
companied into England. F 

2. Suspension of a Jaw; dispensation. 

1483 Cron. Eng. (1510) Xvb/r lohn.. wedded dame 
Blaunche .. by dyspencyon of the pope. 1502 ARNOLDE 
Chron. (1811) 82 To sue to y’ kynges grace for a dispencion 
of the acte of parlement late made to the contrarie. 

+ Dispe‘nsive, a. Ols. [f. L. dispens- ppl. 
stem of dispendére (see DISPEND) + -1VE.] 

1. Characterized by or given to dispensing, spend- 
ing, or distributing. 

1627-47 FetHam Kesolves 1. liii. 167 To strow about the 
wealth and means, and to feed that dispensive humour. 
1677 Crowne Destr, Ferus. ut. i, Dram. Wks. 1873 II. 270 
‘This tempest comes from Heaven's dispensive hand. 

2. Subject to dispensation. 

1590 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. u. i, "Tis superstition 
To stand so strictly on dispensive faith. 

3. =DISPENSATIVE, DISPENSATORY. 

1828 Westm. Rev. 1X.7 In 1671 the king began to assume 
his dispensive power. 

Dispent, pa. t. and pple. of DisPEND. 

Dispeople (disp7p'l),v. [ad. OF. despeupler, 
mod.F. dépeupler (1364 in Hatzf.) = Sp. despoblar, 
Pr. despovoar, It. dis-, dipopolare, Romanic forma- 
tion from des-, L. dis-, Dis- 4 + Populus people, 
parallel to L. dépopulare (used in med.L. in same 
sense): cf. DEPoPULATE, In sense 3 f. Dis- 7 b+ 
Peor.eE sd.] 

1. trans. To deprive wholly or partially of people 
or inhabitants ; = DEPOPULATE 2. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xviii. 69 My cytee shalle be dis- 
peopled. 1962 Puarr ‘2neid vin. Sein And voyde of 
tilmen wide dispeoplyng spoyle the shyres. 1649 Buitne 
Eng. Improv. Impr, xiii, 165393 Some cruell Lord. .could 
. .dispeople a whole parish, and send many soules a good- 
ing. 1709 tr. Baltus' Answ. Hist. Oracles 114 Cities [were 
seen] to dispeople themselves every Year—to obey these 
Impostors. 1855 Mitman Lat, Chr. VI. 250 They thought 
it but compliance with the Divine command to dispeople 
the land of the Philistines, the Edomites, and the Moabites. 

absol. 602 Warner Ald. Eng. Epit. ej 368 Without 
ee yllaging and dispeopling by sea and shore, 1859 

_F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frni. Geogr. Soc. XXIX. 352 
Their only ambition is to dispeople and destroy. : 

b. éransf. and fig. To deprive of animated in- 
habitants, tenants, or constituents. 

1632 Ranvotrn Yealous Lovers u. ii. Wks. (1875) 92 We 
will di ple all the el To please our palates. 
Pore Windsor For. 47 And Kings..Who claim'd the skies, 
dispeopled air and floods. 1777 Gamblers 8 The — 
wood oe of its trees, 1890 Daily News 29 meapy, | 
The whole [fish] breed is ruined, and the water dispeopled. 

+2. To exterminate (people). Ods. 

1596 J. Norven Progr. Pietie (1847) 4 To cut us off and 
to dispeople us. 1643 Oath Pacif. 10 Ireland hath seene 
more than two hundred thousand Families of Brittish 
Protestants dispeopled and massacred. 3 

+38. [D1s- 7 b.] To cast out or cut off from being 
a poe e. Obs. 

1633 P. Frercuer Purple Isl. vi. vii, When no rebellious 
crimes That God-like nation yet dispeopled. Bur- 
roucues Exp. Hosea iv. (1652) 67 The people of God..when 
they are dispeopled they are cast off from this their privi- 
lege. 1687 Reason of Toleration 17 Traps and 
dis-People the Nation. 

Hence Dispeo'pled #/. a., deprived of people 
or inhabitants, depop in ited 


adv., in a dispensing 


Snares to 


Depopulation ; extermination of le. 

1529 More soa Soulys Wks. 311/1 The dispepling of 
hys real B t Lett. conc. Italy 4 How such 
a dispeopling, and such a poverty could befall a Nation. 


|| Di e, despe'ple, v. Obs. rare. [a. 
AF, * per -pucpler, OF. despeupleer, -pue- 
pleer, f. des-, Dis- 1+ OF. peupleer, puepleer, \ater 
feuplier to make public, publish, f. —— people. ] 
trans. To publish, promulgate publicly. 

1297 R. Guouc. (1724) 517 (1. 10649) Pere pis gode lawes hii 
coupe lede al aboute. /did. 568 (11966) Pere it was des- 
pepled, be edit ywis, pat was pe ban of Kenigwurpe. 

psy, obs. var. of DYSPEPSY. 
Di'sper. Winchester Coll. slang. Also dispar. 
dee ow of food. 


1841 Howrrt Visits Remark. Places (1882)201 The scholars 


[at Winchester] give the name of disfer's to their breakfasts, 
suppers and lunchiofis. 184 ALLIWELL, Dispar ..a 
commons or share. North. 1870 Mansrietp Sch,-Life 
Winchester Coll. 84 (Farmer s. v. Cat's Head) [The dinner] 
was divided into portions (Dispars); there were .. six of 
these to a shoulder, and eight toa leg of mutton. a. 
Wrencu Winchester Word-bk., Dispers are thus di : 
—Fat flab, Fleshy, Cat's head, Long disper, Middle cut, 
Rack, Cut. 

Disperance, -ate, etc. obs. ff. DESPERANCE, etc. 

Dispercle, obs. form of DISPARKLE. ; 

+ Disperdition. 0és. [ad. L. disperdition-em 
n. of action from disferdére to destroy, spoil, ruin, 
f. Dis- 5 + perdére to destroy. Cf. OF. desperdt- 
tion (mod. ¥. dép-), Sp. desperdicion.] 

1623 CockeraM, Disperi ition, an yndoing. 

+ Disperge, v. Obs. [ad. L: désperg-ére to 
scatter, disperse, f. di-, Di-1=Dis- 1 + spargére 
to strew; cf. OF. disperger.] = DISPERSE v. 

1530 Comfpend. Treat. (1863) 59 Tobye saithe, chap. xiii, 
that God disperged [ 7 odit xiii. 4 Viudg., Dispersit vos inter 
gentes, snr hath scattered]. 1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 
436 Bubbles and lumps which by touching are disperged. 

Dispergement, obs. form of DISPARAGEMENT. 

+ Dispe‘rish, persh, v. Obs. [ad. OF. des- 
perir, desperiss-, ad. L. disperire, f. Dis- 5 + perire 
to perish.] zr. To perish utterly, 

1382 Wycur ¥udith vi. 3 Al Irael with thee shal dis- 
pershen in perdicioun (388 i 
thee in perdicioun). — W 
vnkinde as cold ijs shal flowen, and i 
disperiet] as watir ouer voide. — Lam. v. 18 For t 
mount of Sion, for it disperisht. 

Dispermatous (deispsumites), a. Bot. Tf 
D1-2 twice + Gr. owéppa(r- seed + -ous.] Having 
two seeds; dispermous. y 

1851-60 Mayne Exfos. Lex. s.v. Dispermatus, Having 
two seeds; two-seeded ; dispermatous. 

Dispe'rmous. a. Bot. [f. as prec.] =prec. 

fr aitey vol. 11, Disfermos (with Botanists) is us'd 
of Plants, which bear two seeds after each Flower.) os 
Jas. pana ha Sg oe. a 3 with a dis- 

rmous Fruit. 1819 /’anfologia, Disfermous. .containing 
Toe seeds only, as i wnbeliaen and stellate plants. 

+Dispe'rn, v. Ols. rare. [ad. rare L. dispern- 
ére, f, Di-1=Dis- 1 + spernére to remove, reject, 
spurn.] ‘rans. To drive away, dispel. 

1g00-20 Dunsar Poems Ixxxv. 7 Our tern inferne for to 


di Helpe rialest rosyne. 
Disperple, var. form of DisparPLe v. Obs. 


‘rsable, a. rare. [f. DisPERsE v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being dispersed. 

31827 Examiner 353/1 ‘The Collective Wisdom would be 
dispersable (if we may be allowed the coinage) by a very 
easy process. 

ispersal (dispsusil). [f, Disrerse v. +-AL.] 
The action of dispersing ; = D1sPERsion. 

18ax Examiner 15/1 Di of the Dublin meeting by 
military force. 1833 New Monthly ro XXXVIIL. 160 
The ph we ish, and we rejoice in their dispersal. 
1063 Bares Nat. Amazon i, (1864) 17 Of vast importance 
to the dispersal and q ty of the species. 
C. Dixon in Fortn. Rev. Apr. 640 Next to the question 

Origin of Species, there is. .that of their Geographical 

| over the globe, 
+ ‘rse, ppl.a. Obs. Also 6 dispers. 
[a. OF, déspers, -pars Go Godet, ad. L. dispers-us, 
pa. pple.: see next.] Dispersed, scattered about. 

1393 Gower Con/. II. 177 Thus was dispers in sondry wise 
The misbeleve. /bid. 1. 185 They liven oute of goddes 

race, Dispers in alle londes oute. Dovcias Pal. 
From. ts 346 An that desert dispers in skatterit. 

Disperse (disp5'1s), v. Forms: 5 dysparse, 
6 disparse, -pearse, 7 -pearce, -pierce, 6- 
disperse. [a. F. désperse-r (15th c.), f. dispers, 
ad. L. désfers-us, pa. pple. of dispergire to scatter, 
f. Di-', Dis- 1 + spargére to peal, strew.] 


oft 
Dis 


DISPERSE. 


1. trans. To cause to separate in different direc- 
tions; to throw or drive about in all directions, to 


scatter; to rout. i 

1450-1530 AZy7'r. our Ladye 161 He hathe dysparsed the 
prowde Bens wylle of thy harte.. An hooste that ys dys- 
parsed ys not myghty to fyghte, right so the prowde fendes 
are dysparsed by the passyon of oure lorde Iesu cryste. 
1503-4 Act 19 Hen. V//, c. 34. Preamb., They were ren- 
countered, vaynquesshed, dispersed. 1581 Marpeck Bk. of 
Notes 287 It must needes be Philip the Deacon, that was 
dispearsed with the rest, & came to Samaria. 1654 tr. 
Scudery'’s Curia Pol. 82 Such a Fire as cannot be extin- 
guisht, is better to be dispersed. did. 102 The Victors are 
so ene, and the subdued Enemies so afflicted and 
dispierced. “1758 A. Rerp tr. A/acguer's Chem. I. 51 ‘Ihe 
precipitate..exposed to a certain degree of heat, is instantly 
dispersed into the air, with a most violent explosion. 1799 
Worpswortn Lucy Gray vii, Her feet disperse the powdery 
snow, That rises up like smoke. 1887 Sfectator 16 Apr. 532/1 
Reform meetings were dispersed by charges of Dragoons. 

b. zur. To be driven or fly asunder. 

1665 Hooke AZicrogr. 33 These [Rupert’s drops] dispersed 

every way so violently, that some of them pierced my skin. 

. trans, To send off or cause to go in different 
directions ; to send to, or station apart at, various 
points. Esp. in fa. pfle.: see DISPERSED. 

1529 More Com/. agst. Trib, ut. Wks. 1212/1 He taketh 
the whole people awai, disparsing them for slaues among 
many sundry countreys. 1591 //on. Act. E. Glemham, 
Dispearsing sundrye Sentronels, for watche, farre from the 
Campe, diuers wayes. 1614 RAvricH //ist. World u. v. 
§ 9. 308 Those they saved, and disperst Laeag Sisters 
them among the children of Israel to serve them. 1698 
Fryer Acc. £. India § P, 125 Made me range for Game, 
and disperse my Servants for Provant. 1744 Harris Three 
Treat. ut. 1. (1765) 153 That a Portion of every thing may 
be dispersed throughout all. 1872 Yeats Zechn. Hist. 
Comm. 55 They are now dispersed throughout the museums 
of Europe. 

b. vefl. To spread in scattered order. 

1593 Suakxs. 2 Hen. VJ, v. i. 45 Souldiers, I thanke you 
all: disperse your selues. 1684 Contempl. State of Mani. 
x. (1699) 116 Locusts .. shall disperse themselves over the 
Face of the whole Earth. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 281 
About twenty families .. dispersed themselves in various 
parts of Pennsylvania. 1886 A. WincHELL Walks & Talks 
Geol. Field 286 These primitive Mongoloids..had dispersed 
themselves over America. 

ce. intr. (for ref.) To%eparate, go different ways. 

@ 1672 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 385 Sir Thomas .. 
desired them to disperse, and not to accompany him. 1718 
Freethinker No. 68. ® 1 The gay Assemblies meet, and dis- 
perse, with the Parliament. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. 
xvi. 190, I gave orders to abandon the sledge, and disperse 
in search of foot-marks. 1874 Micktetnwaire J/od. Par. 
Churches 217 ‘The congregation is dispersing. 1874 GREEN 
Short Hist. v. § 4. 246 The mass of the insurgents dispersed 
quietly to their homes. 

+ 3. ¢rans. To separate into parts; to part, di- 
vide, dispart. Ods. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. III, (an. 3) 39 Thynkynge yt not 
+» beneficiall to disparse and devyde his greate armye into 
small branches. 1556 J. Heywoop Spider § F. 1x. 33 The 
flieing ant .. dispersth his nature, in two natures throwne 
..A creper with spiders, and a flier with flise. 1600 J. Pory 
tr. Leo's Africa 1. 2 Europe is of a more .. manifolde shape, 
being in sundry places dispersed and restrained by the sea. 

4. To distribute from a main source or centre. 

1555 Epren Decades 326 The veynes of bludde are dis- 
parsed in the bodies of lyuing beastes. 1 T.B. La 
Primaud, Fr. Acad. 1. 361 Conduites whereby the water 
is brought thither and dispersed in all places thereof. a 1626 
Bacon (J.), In the gate vein which disperseth that blood. 
— Power Exp. Philos. 1. 5 Wings. .with black thick ribs 
or fibers, dispers’d and branch’d through them. 

b. To distribute, put into circulation (books, 
coins, articles of commerce) ; to give currency to. 

1555 Even Decades 51 Which is nowe printed and dis- 
persed throwghowte Christendome. /ééd. 176 The double 
ducades whiche yowre maiestie haue caused to bee coyned, 
and_ are disparsed throughowte the hole worlde. ~ 1600 
J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa 1. 54 The cloth whereof is dis- 
gery along the coast of Africa. 1693 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 

. 386 Wee of the Jurie doe find Charles Butler guiltie of 
dispersing bad monie. 1709 Strype Aux. Ref 1. xi. 136 A 
paper of questions that was. . privately dispersed. 1838-9 
Act 2-3 Vict, c. 12. § 2 in Oxf. §& Camb. Enactm. 177 [Any] 
paper or book .. meant to be published or diapered 

+5. To make known abroad; to publish. Ods. 

1548 Hat Chron., Hen. V, (an. 3) 49 Your strength and 
vertue shalbe spred and dispersed through the whole world, 
1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger, To Rdr. Aiij, By their 
owne diuulged and dispersed ignominie. 1624 B. Jonson 
Masques, Neptune's Triumph (Stage-direction at beg.), 
The aoe entering on the stage, to disperse the argument, 
is called to by the ‘Master-Cook. 

6. To spread abroad or about; to diffuse, dis- 
seminate. 

1576 Freminc Panofi. Epist. 308 If happly other diseases 
disperse their infecting properties. 1641 Sir E, Nicuoras 
in NV, Papers (Camden) 37 ‘The sicknes and small pox is 
very much dispersed in Westminster and London. 1715 
Desacutiers Fires Impr. 4 To disperse the Heat so uni- 
formly. 1782 Burney Hist. Mus. (1789) I. i. 10 A practice 
.. thence dispersed into all parts of the Christian world. 
31838 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 111. ii. 69 Complaints were now 
industriously raised and dispersed. 

b. refi. 

1592 Suaks. Rom. § Fud. v. i. 61 Let me haue A dram of 

po bag .. As will disperse it selfe through all the veines. 

Hooxe Microgr. 16 Water put into wine ., or the 
like, does immediate y .. disperse it self all over them, 
+c. zntr. (for reff.) To extend, be diffused. 

1591 Syivester Du Bartas 1. vii. 256 Th’ Almighties care 

diuersely disperse Ore all the parts of all this Vniuerse. 


485 


7. trans. To dissipate; to remove, dispel, cause 
to disappear (vapours, humours, trouble, etc.). 

1563 W. Furke A/eteors (1640) 24b, If the Exhalation 
[thunder] .. doe not at the first disperse it [the cloud], it 
maketh a.. fearefull rumbling. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 1. ix. 
48 All his manly powres it did disperse, As he were charmed 
with inchaunted rimes. 1gg0*Suaks. Com. Err. 1. i. go At 
length the sonne .. Disperst those vapours that offended vs. 
1726 SHetvocke Voy, round World (1757) 133, I said all that 
I could. .to disperse the melancholy which was fixed in every 
countenance, 1760-72 tr. Yuan § Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) 1. 
342, When a tempest appeared brooding in the air, the 
tolling of the bell dispersed it. 1804 ABERNETHY S72. Obs. 
61 [Lhe tumour] increased, notwithstanding applications 
that were employed to disperse it. 

b. intr. To become dissipated. 

1591 Suaks. 1 Hen, VJ,1. ii. 135 Glory is like a Circle in 
the Water, Which neuer ceaseth to enlarge it selfe, Till 
by broad spreading, it disperse to naught, 1816 KEaTINGE 
Trav. (1817) II. 100 At length the thick cloud of dust dis- 
persed. 1887 Bowen Virg. Eclog. vu. 14 Hardly. .had the 
night's chill shadow dispersed. < 

. trans. Optics, Of arefractive medium ; To open 
out or scatter (rays of light) : see DIsrERSION 4. 

(1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc. 197 In a burning Glasse. . 
that colour doth dispierce the light, and stands vntainted. } 
1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 220 ‘The Rayes that dispersed 
will scarce warme, collected may burne. 1665 Hookr 
Microgr. 69 By reason of .. its Globular Figure, the Rays 
that pass through it will be dispers’d. 1812-16 J. Smirit 
Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 503 Concave lenses disperse the 
rays of light. 1868 Lockyer Alem, Astron. vi. § 36 (1879) 
211 Different media .. disperse or open out the light to 
a greater or less extent. 

Dispersed (disps-1st, Aoe?. -sed), ppl. a. [f. 
prec. + -ED1,] Scattered or spread about ; driven 
asunder ; diffused. 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 167 The mynde y¢* is 
dispersed in the waueryng consideracion of many thynges 
at that time whan it sholde be specially occupyed about one 
thyng. 1535 CoverpaLe Jsa. xi. 12 He shal .. gather to- 
gether y° dispersed of Israel. a@1ggz Greene Looking 
Glasse Wks. (Rtldg.) 142 Come, mournful dames, lay off 
your broider’d locks, And on your shoulders spread dis- 
persed hairs. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 9. 13 Many 
worthy personages that deserue better than dispersed re- 
port. 1765 H. WaLroLe Otranto iii. (1798) 62 ‘The new 
proof of .. valour, recalled her dispersed spirits. 1855 
Macautay Hist. Eng. lV. 272 Before William. .had brought 
together his dispersed forces. 

b. with reference mainly to situation. 

@1547 SuRREY Zneid 1. (R.), The watchmen lay disperst 
to take their rest. 1553 T. Witson hes. (1580) 176 You 
shall praie for all menne, dispersed throughout the face of 
the yearth. 1697 Damrier Voy. I. 140 With a few small 
Rivers dispers’d up and down, 1756 C. Lucas ss. Waters 
I. 150 Both .. are plentifully dispersed throughout the 
creation. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. Const. v. 73 A country 
of which the population is very unequally dispersed. 

Dispersedly (dispa-sedli), adv. [-Ly2.] In 
a dispersed or scattered manner}; here and there. 

1561 Even Arte Nauig. Pref.,Whiche perhappes fewe haue 
done otherwyse then dispearsedly here and there. 1597-8 
Act 39 Eliz. c. 25. § 1 The same Vyllages .. ly disperscdiie 
1663 CowLey Greatness Verses & Ess. (1669) 125 ‘The other 
many inconveniences of grandeur I have spoken of dis- 
perstly in severall Chapters. 1727 Brap.ey Kam. Dict.s.v. 
Afple, It's a'Tree that may be planted dispersedly about 
your Ground. 1847 Harpy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 11. 
No. 5. 251 Disk convex .. dispersedly punctulate. 1870 
Lowe. Chaucer Pr. Wks. 1890 III. 325 Their incidents 
enter dispersedly, as the old stage directions used to say. 

Dispe‘rsedness. [f. as prec. +-Ness.] The 
condition or state of being dispersed or scattered ; 
scattered condition or position. 

1571 GoLpinG Calvin on Ps. xiii. 1 They referre to their 
present dispersednesse. 1652-62 HEYLINn Cosmogr. 1v. (1682) 
50 The dispersedness of the Towns and habitations. 1727 
in Baitey vol. II ; and in later Dicts. 

+Dispe‘rseness. Oés. [f. Dispense a. + 
-NESS.] = DISPERSEDNESS, 

1612 BrErEwoop Lang. §& Relig. x. 88 A libbards skin, the 
distance of whose spots represent the dispersness of habita- 
tions or towns in Africk. 

Disperser (disp5-1so1). [f. DispeRsEv. + -ER!.] 
One who or that which disperses. 

1580 Hottysanp 77eas. /'. Tong, Dissipateur, a disperser 
or scatterer abroad. 1588 in Fuller C/. /Vist. 1x. vil. § 27 
The dispersers of the several Libels. 1611 Biste Mahon 
ii, x He that dasheth in pieces [sargin, the disperser ov 
hammer]. 1722 De For Plague (Rtidg.) 39 To suppress 
the Printing of such Books .. and to frighten the dispersers 
ofthem. 1867 Mitt /xaug. Addr. 27 Logic is the great dis- 
perser of hazy and confused thinking. 1876 S. A. WyLiir 
in Encycl. Brit, w. 269/1 (Brewing) Kiln-drying, An iron 
or stone plate, 4 or 5 feet square, called the disperser, is 
placed over each fire to disperse the heat. 

Dispe'rsing, v/. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING1.] 
The action of the vb. DisPERSE: dispersion, 

1604 Hieron Wks. I. 523 There must be a disposing and 
a_dispersing of the seed with the hand, 1607 TorseLt 
Four-f. Beasts (1658) 104 The powder of the bones burned, 
is an antidote against the falling evill, and the dispersing of 
the milt. 1670 Mitton His’. Eng. 1. (1851) 3 After the 
Flood, and the dispersing of Nations. 1859 Masson M/i/ton 
I, 679 This meeting and dispersing cannot go on for ever ! 

Dispersion (dispd:1fon). Also 5 -cioune, 6 
-tion. [a. F. despersion (disparcion 13th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), or ad. L. déspersién-em scattering, 
n. of action f. dispergére: see DISPERSE v.] 

1. The action of dispersing or scattering abroad ; 
the condition or state of being dispersed; scatter- 
ing, distribution, circulation. 


DISPERSON. 


Early applied to the scattering of the Jews among the 
Gentiles after the Babylonian Captivity ; whence sense 5. 

¢1480 Alirour Saluacioun 3635 The Jewes yt tyme hadde 
bene thorgh the werlde in dispersionne. 1555 EpeN Decades 
266 In the fyrst dispertion of nations, 1656 Brn Isrart. 
Vind, Fudvorum in Phenix (1708) 11. 423, I conceiv’d that 
our universal Dispersion was a necessary Circumstance to 
be fulfil’d. 1786 Burke HW’. Hastings Wks. 1842 I1. 180 
‘The dispersion and exile of the reigning family. 1793 77iaZ 
I'yshe Palmer 22 The alleged dispersion of a 
writing. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 929 ‘Vhe speci, 
organisation which effect the dispersion. of their seeds. 

Jig. €1450 tr. De Imitatione 1. xx, What comep perof 
but grucching of conscience & dispersion of herte ? ; 

2. The action of diffusing or spreading ; diffusion. 

1664 Power £xf. Philos. 1, 29 That all Vegetables have 
aconstant perspiration, the continual dispersion of their 
odour makes out. 1794 SuLLivan | few Nat. 11. 36 When 
the natural dispersion of heat is disturbed .. then a sensible 
heat is produced. 1874 HartwiG Aervad IN ii. 21 By this 
means is also gradually effected the dispersion of all gases. 

3. Aled, ‘The removal of inflammation, suppura- 
tion, or other morbid processes, from a part, and 
restoration to health’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) ; dissipation. 

1753 Cuampers Cred. Supp. s.v., This is commonly term’d 
in surgery the resolution or dispersion of tumors. /颢., 
Remedies for the dispersion of inflammations. 1789 W. 
Bucuan Dow. Aled. (1790) 573 An inflammation. .must ter- 
minate either by dispersion, suppuration, or gangrene. 

4. Optics. The divergence or spreading of the 
different-coloured rays of a beam of composite 
light when refracted by a prism or lens, or when 
Cciffracted, so as to produce a spectrum: esf, in 


cl, Point of Dispersion, is a point 
-gin to diverge. 1794G. ADAMS 
<li. 447 This diffusion or disy 
sion of the rays is greater. 1833 N. Arnorr /’/ysics ved. 5) 
II. 199 ‘The quality of .. bending a beam, or of refracti 
and that of dividing it into coloured beams, or cf dispersion, 
are distinct, 1872 tr. Schedlen’s Spectr. Anal. § 18.63 The 
decomposition of white light into its colored rays is called 
dispersion. 188r N. Lockyer in Nature No. 617. 399 [The 
lines] are. . visible when considerable dispersion is employed. 

5. The Dispersion: The Jews dispersed among 
the Gentiles after the Babylonian Captivity ; the 
scattered communities of Jews in general, or the 
communities in some single country, as ¢he Ligyf- 
tian Dispersion; =DIASPora, 

4382 Wyctir x /'et. i, 1 ‘Vo the chosen gestis of disper- 
sioun [g@ or scateringe abroad], c1q4g0 St. Cuthbert 
(Surtees) 3781 Of ysrael pe dispercioune he gadird samen 
fra strete and toune. 1582 N. ‘I’. (Rhem.) Yodx vii. 35 Wil 
he goe into the dispérsion of the Gentiles, and teach the 
Gentiles? 1641 Evetyn J/em. (1857) I. 30 Transported .. 
to all the desolate ports and havens throughout the world, 
wherever the dispersion was, to convey their brethren and 
tribes to the Holy City, 1880 J. E. Carrenrer tr. £vadd's 
fist. Israel V. 4 The ‘Coasts of the Sea’... are now {as in 
the eighth century) mentioned as a residence of the Disper- 
sion, 1893 SmitH & Futier Dict. Bible s.v., The African 
Dispersion .. preserved their veneration for the ‘holy city’. 

6. Law of dispersion: The ‘Law of Error’ as 
regards distance from the mark without reference 
to the direction of error. 

1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. Mus. § 48 Testing how far 
the relative numbers in the several classes accord with the 
results of the Law of Error or Dispersion. /é/d. § 49 ‘The 
well-known bell-shaped curve, by which the law of error or 
of dispersion is mathematically expressed. 

7. attrib. 

1891 7 tes 28 Sept. 13/6 By an appropriate choice of dis- 
persion lenses. . 

Dispersive (dispsasiv), a. [f. L. type desper- 
siv-us, ppl. stem of déspergére to disperse: see 
Ive. Cf. F. dispersif, -zve.] 

Having the character or quality of dispersing; 
serving or tending to disperse. 

1627-77 Fevruam Resolves 1. liii. 84 A fond popularity be- 
witches the soul, to strow about the wealth, and means ; 
and, to feed that dispersive humor, all ways shall be trodden. 
1737 M. Green Spleen 730 Nor wanting the dispersive bowl 
Of cloudy weather in the soul. 1800 Herscnet in Phil. _ 
Trans. XC. 443 The dispersive power of different mediums 
with respect to heat. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 133 
Thought has become dispersive and the centrifugal forces 
of the human mind. .have. .become dominant. ; 

b. Optics. Of a refractive medium : Having the 
quality of causing the different-coloured rays of 
light to diverge: see DISPERSION 4. : 

1802 Wo.taston in PAzl. Trans. XCII. 373 The disper- 
sive power of fluor spar is the least of any substance yet 
examined. 1831 Brewster Oféics viii. § 66 Flint glass is 
said to have a greater dispersive power than crown glass, 
because .. it separates the extreme vere of the spectrum .. 
farther from the mean ray. 1893 Sir R. BALL Story of Sux 
113 The dispersive apparatus of the spectroscope. | 

Hence Dispe‘rsively adv., in a dispersive man- 
ner, by dispersion; Dispe-rsiveness, the quality 
of being dispersive. 

1841 Atrorp in Life (1873) 133 An indolence and_dis- 

rsiveness about my efforts. 1878 Mortry Diderot ii. 18 

he characteristic of his activity is dispersiveness. 

+ Dispe'rson, v. Obs. Sc. and north. [ad. 
med.L. dispersonare var. of dépersonare to deprive 
any one of his Zersona or dignity, f. Dis- 4 + per- 
sonare to dignify, persona person, dignity. Cf. M1s- 
PERSON.] vans. To treat with indignity, insult. 

ay o Alexander 746 For spyte he spittis in his face 
Dispises him despetously, dispersons [Dudd. MS. revylez’ 
him foule. 1489 Bureh Recds. Aberdeen (1844) 1. 416 


Y 
Nat. & Exp. Philos. U1. 


DISPERSONALIZE. 


William Porter was convikit. .for the strublance of the said 
bailze in the execucione of his office, and in dispersoning of 
him. 1579-80 Burgh Recds. Glasgow (1876) 1. 77 George 
Herbertson is fund and decernit..in the wrong for incurring 
and dispersoning of George Elphinstone. - 

Dispe'rsonalize, v. [Dis- 6.] 
divest of personality, to depersonalize. 

1866 Lowett Biglow P. Introd. Poet. Wks. (1879) 251 He 
would have enabled me to dispersonalize [Poems 1890, 11. 
209 depersonalize] myself into a vicarious egotism. 1886 
Maupstey Nat. Causes 302 Man is only qualified to be 
immortal when, béing dispersonalized, extinct as a self, 
it is all one whatever the event. 

Dispersonate (dispd-ssbne't), 7. [f. Dis-6 + 
L. persona mask, person + -ATE3.] 

+1. trans. To divest of an assumed character, to 
unmask. Ods. 

1624 Botton Nero 233 To behold any person, according 
to the truth of his qualities, distinctly, and dispersonated. 

2. To divest of one’s personality. 

1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero's De Finibus 304 ‘Till a Man 
has got a way of Dispersonating himself, he cannot avoid 
hankering after those Things which will turn to Advantage 
and good account, 1827-38 Hane Guesses (1859) 96 We 
multiply, we dispersonate ourselves: we turn ourselves 
outside in. We are ready to become fe, she, it, they, 
anything rather than J. 

Dispersonify (dispoisp'nifai), v. [Dis- 6.] 
trans. To undo the personification of; to repre- 
sent or regard as impersonal. 

1846 GrorE Greece 1. xvi. I. 467 Anaxagoras and other 
astronomers incurred the charge of blasphemy for disper- 
sonifying Hélios. 185§ Setss German Liter. (1864) 182 
Others, on the contrary, dispersonified the Divinity. 

Ilence Disperso:nifica’tion, the action of dis- 
personifying. 

1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. xvi. (1874) 392 The disper- 
sonification of Hélios. 

| Diaporens ym. Obs. nonce-wd, [Dib- 9.] 
Want of persuasion or feeling of certainty. 

1648 SANDERSON Sermt. (1653) 23 Many a good soul. .could 
never yet .. be so well persuaded of the sincerity of his own 
repentance ., as to think that God would .. accept it. The 
censure were very hard..to call such his dis-perswasion by 
the name of despair. 

Dispe’sh, Sc. var. of DESPECHE, Oés., to dis- 
patch, send away. 

3578 in Scot. Poems 16th C. Il. 159. 

+ Dispester, v. Ols. [ad. obs. F. desfestrer 
‘to vnpester, disintangle’ (Cotgr.) : see D1s- 4 and 
Pester v.) ¢rans. To rid of that which pesters, 

1600 Hoitanp Livy xu. Ixvi. 1155 Hardly and with much 
adoe were they dispestered and rid of this confused and 
disordered companie of captives. 

Dispetal (dispe-tal), v. 
To deprive or strip of petals. 

1863 W. Lancaster Praeterita 74 Though the garland 
rose hereafter hung Dishonoured and dispetalled. 1880 
Miss Broucuton Sec. 7A. II. 11. vi. 223 The splashed and 
dispetalled_geraniums. ped? Stevenson Underwoods 1, 
xxxv. 69 When the truant gull Skims the green level of the 
lawn, his wing Dispetals roses. 

Dispeticioun, -ison, var. DispuTisoun Ods. 

Dispeyr(e, obs. form of Despair, DIspayre. 

a (daisfrnoid). Cryst. [D1-2 1.] 
A solid figure contained by eight isosceles triangles. 

1895 Story-MASKELYNE Crystallogr. vii. § 211. 256 The 
faces of the disphenoid being symmetrical in pairs. 

Dispice, obs. form of DxspisE. 


+ Dispi‘cience. 00s. rare. [app. for di'spictons 
pl. of next: cf. accidence. But it may represent 
a L. type *dispicientia; see -ENCE.] Discussion, 
disputation. 

1530 TinDALE Answ. More [1. xxv.] 59 b, But if our shep- 
erdes had bene as wel willynge to fede as to shere, we had 
neded no soch dispicience, ner they to haue burnt so many. 
1532 More Confut. Tindale 264 (Quotes ‘lindale’s words). 

(1623 Cockeram, Disfitience, aduisement, diligence. 1656 
Buiount Glossogr., Dispicience (dispicientia), circumspection, 
advisement, diligent consideration. ] 

+Dispi‘cion. 0Ods. Also 6 des-, dyspycion. 
[The form suggests derivation from L. dispicére 
‘to look through, investigate, make an examina- 
tion, consider’, the formation being on the analogy 
of suspicion ; but the sense suggests association with 
Disputisoun, disputation, some forms of which, as 
dispitesoun, dispeticioun, might be reduced to 
aispit’soun, dispicion.] Discussion, disputation. 

¢1g10 More Picus Wks. 3/2 He taried at Rome an whole 
yere, in al which time his enuiours neuer durst hae with 
open dispicions attempt him. 1526 TinpaLe NV. 7: Prol., 

we ,. fall from meke lernynge into ydle despiciouns. 
— Acts xxviii. 29 The Iewes departed from hym and had 
grete despicions [Coverp, a greate disputacion, CrANMER 
reate despycions], amonge them selves. 1 More Dya- 
lage Ww. Wis. 262/1 He reherseth a certain dispycion had 
with an heretique. 1§30 in Strype Ecc?. Mem. I. xvii, 132 
Not minding to fall in contentions ordispytions [disputations, 
perhaps, (Str.)] with your highness.’ 1 oRE Answ, 
Poysoned Bk, Wks. 1039/2, 1 shal in this dispicion betwene 
hym and me, be content for this ones .. to cal him mayster 
asker, 1§53 Bate Vocacyon in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 33 
As great dyspycyons were among the Jewes at Rome con- 
cerning Paule. 

Dispiece (lispis), v. Also 5 des-. [ad. OF. 
despiece-r,mod.¥ . dépiécer (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
f. des-, Dis- | + piece, Prece.] trans. To divide into 
pieces ; to cut or tear to pieces, 


trans. To 


Dis- 7a.) ¢rans. 
‘ 


486 


©1477 Caxton Yason 103The body he dispieced by membres. 
1480 — Ovid's Met. eae He m the oe Pr and 
. MerE- 


despieced in gg & caste hym into the see. 
pitn Diana 11. iv, 102 It lay dispieced like a pulled rug. 

Dispierce, obs. var. of DIsPersE 7. ~ 

Dispight, -i3t, obs. forms of DEsPrTE. 

+ Dispill, v. Os. [f. di-=D1s- 1 +S v.] 
trans. To spill, shed. 

= World & Child in Hazl, Dodsley 1. 251. For I have 
boldly blood full piteously dispilled. 

it (dispi'rit), v. Formerly also dis- 
spirit. [Dis- 7a.] To deprive of spirit. 

+1. trans. To deprive of essential quality, vigour, 
or force; to weaken to deprive of animation ; to 
deprive (liquor) of its spirit, to render flat. Obs, 

1647 May “ist, Pari. 1, vii. 73 They woulde vaporate and 
dis-spirit the power and vigour of Religion. 1660 SHaRRock 
Vegetables 139 The fruit, by the loss of the natural seed, would 
be very peed dispirited. 1685 Bove Salud. Air 40 If the 
Bottles were not kept well-stopt, they [ scles] would 
ina short time vanish, and leave the Liquor dispirited. 1697 
Cottier Ess. Mor. Subj. 1. (1709) 38 He that has dispirited 
himself by a Debauch. 171 Comme Wiscuetsea Misc. 
Poems g Trail all your pikes, dispirit every drum, Ye silent, 
ye dejected Men of War. 

2. To lower the spirits of; to make despondent, 
discourage, dishearten, depress. 

1647 [see Disriritep]. 1732 Gay in Swi/t's Lett. (1766) 
II. 151, I find myself dispirited, for want of having some 
pursuit. 1759 Korertson //ist. Scot. 1. v. 382 A blow so 
fatal and unexpected dispirited the party. 1811 Combe 
Devil upon 2 Sticks in Eng. (1817) VI. 292 Yo dispirit the 
sufferer from future exertions. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. 
(1876) IL. viii. 260 One side was cheered and the other 
dispirited by an unlooked-for incident. 

8. To extract and transfuse the ‘spirit’ or es- 
sence of. Ods. rare. 

1642 Futver Holy & Prof. St. 11. xviii. 200 Proportion an 
houres meditation to an houres reading of a staple authour. 
‘This makes a man master of his learning, and dispirits the 
book into the Scholar. 

et alco (dispirritéd), AA/. a. [f. prec. + ED1.] 

+1. Deprived of its essential quality or vigour; 
destitute of spirit or animation, spiritless. Ods. 

a1660 Hammonp IVks. IV. Pref. (R.), Religious offices .. 
degenerating into heartless dispirited recitations. 1700 
B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Pall'd, Flat, Dispirited, or Dead 
Drink. 1737 Bracken Farricry /mpr. (1757) 11. 111 The 

Blood becomes so viscid, poor, and dispirited. 1758 Wuit- 
worTtH Acc, Russia 5 The Laplanders and Samoiedes being 
too heavy and dispirited. 

2. Cast into or characterized by low spirits; 
discouraged, disheartened, dejected. 

1649 Trave Comm. 1 Thess. v. 14 The dispirited, faint- 
hearted, sick and sinking. 1717 Pore Let. to Blount 27 
Nov., My Mother is in that dispirited State of Resignation. 
1741 Mippeton Cicero II. xi. 437 A few unarmed, dispirited 
men. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C, xxxii. 2g0 He turned 
back and caught a glance at the dispirited faces behind him. 

Hence Dispi-ritedly adv. ; Dispi‘ritedness. 

1654 tr. Scudery’s Curia Pol. 175 A defatigation and 
dispiritedness will accompany that oppression. 1673 H. 
Stussr Vind. Dutch War 4 ‘The decay of Trade, the dis- 
piritedness of the English. 1733 Cueyne Eng. Malady u. 
1x. § 3 (1734) 208 Opiates .. when their Force is worn off .. 
leave a Lowness, Dispiritedness, and Anxiéty. 1864 Wrs- 
ster, Dispiritedly. 1889 Temple Bar Mag. Feb. 186, ‘I do 
not know’. .said the lad dispiritedly. 

Dispi‘riting, 7//.a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That dispirits ; disheartening, depressing. 

1733 Cuevne Eng. Malady ui. ix. $1 oy 206 The ge 
toms may be so dispiriting and painful. 1799-1 s 
Turner Anglo-Sax. r iv. vi. 315 That dispiriting belief, 
which men on the eve of great conflicts sometimes experience, 
that he should not survive it. 1872 Miss Brapvon Zo 
Bitter End xvii, Even though London-bridge terminus was 
a somewhat dirty and dispiriting place to arrive at. 

Hence Dispi‘ritingly eo fy 

1882 H.C. Merivare Faucit of B. 1.1. iv. 67 Little enough 


* of their influence, however, seemed to fall dispiritingly upon 


Daisy and Guy. 

Dispiritment. [f. Disrimir v. + -menr.] 
The state of being dispirited ; disheartenment ; 
depression of spirits. 

Ho CARLYLE m. Romance 1V. W. Meister 250 A 
spirit of dispiritment. 1830 — Richter Misc. (1872) IIL. 
25 Some with their modesty and quiet endurance combinin 
asickly dispiritment. 1830 — in Froude Zi/¢ (1882) IL. 11 
1 look .. forward to a life of poverty, toil and dispiritment. 
1843 —Past & Pr. im. xiii. 295 You honestly..quit a most 
muddy confused coil. .of sorrow: a and contra- 
dictions. 1866 Lowe.t Lessing Pe. ks. 1890 II. 207 What 
he wrote under the dispiritment of failure. 

+ Dispirituarlity. nonce-word. Obs.rare. [D1s- 
9.) An unspiritual or worldly act. 

1684 H. More Answer 24 If they do not repent of these 
immoralities or Dispiritualities, if 1 may so speak. ee: 

+ Dispi-ritude, Obs. [f. Dispretr, after solicé- 

tude, decrepitude, etc.] Dispirited condition, 
1797 W. Tayior in Monthly Rev. XXII. 512 Considering 
how general was the dispiritude of his troops. 18:4 — 
Monthly Mag. XX XV11. 30 Infidels have complained that 
the Christian religion. .drives men into dispiritude. 

Dispise, obs. form of Desrisx. 

Dispit, -ite, -itt, obs. forms of Despire. 

iteous (dispi'téas), a. [A revival or con- 
tinuation of the 16th c. déspiteous, variant of Des- 
PiTEOUS (q.v. for earlier instances), related to 
despite ; but in later use analysed as f. Dis- 10 + 
Pirzous.] Pitiless, merciless. 


DISPLACEMENT. 


furious. 

and abominable tyrant, 1863 Mrs. C. CLarke Shaks. Char. 

Fa pl, cl are as dispiteous, 

devoured a 1865 Swixsurne Poems §& Bail., 

Phaedra 81 most dispiteous out of all the gods. 
Hence Dispi'teously adv. ; Dispi'teousness. 
1818 Topp, Di: without pity, 186x 


tore frat Je 
tal. Poets, Mazzeo di Ricco 57 Certes, it was of 
Love's dispiteousness That I must set my life On thee. 
itesoun, var. Dispurisoun, disputation. 
Dispitous, -uous, -ly: see Desprrous. 


Displace (displz‘s), v. [ad. OF. desplacer 
(15th c, in > Page eo) mod.F, déplacer to dis- 
place, f. des-, Dis- 1,4 + place sb., placer to place.] 

1. ¢rans. To remove or shift from its place; to 
put out of the proper or usual place. cf In quot. 
1551, To trans 

1551 T. Witson Logicke (1580) 28 By conuersion of the 
Propositions, and by displacyng the same, settyng one in 
an others steede. 1§53 — Xhet. (1580) 203 ‘The whiche 
wordes beyng altered or displaced, the figure straight dooeth 
lose his name. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husb. w. (1586) 
187 b, Cut away part of the Coames .. which you must do 
with a very sharpe knife, for feare of displacing the rest 
of the Coames. 1621 Suaks. Cymd. 1v. ii. 122 [He] swore.. 
heel'd [=he'd].. Displace our heads, where (thanks the 
Gods) they grow, And set them on Luds-Towne. 178 
Cowrer £.xfostulation 258 Thy diadem displaced, th 
sceptre gone. 1837 WHewe tt //ist. Juduct. Sc. (1857) 1. 
151 [The moon] may be displaced by this cause to the 
amount of twice her own breadth, 

+b. fig. To remove, banish. Oés. 

1580 Sipney 7s. xxxix. vi, Ah! P a from me lett thy 
plagues be displac'd. 1596 Spenser Hymne Heavenly Love 
264 All other loves .. ‘Thou must renounce and utterly dis- 
place. 1605 SHaxs. Macé. m1. iv. 109. Hoses Odyss. 
vit, 64 When their thirst and hunger was displac’d. 

2. To remove from a position, dignity, or office. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 68 When striketh the 
ghtie .. and displaceth those that were highly placed. 
1563-87 Foxe A. & AZ. (1596) 6/1 King Solomon dis 
Abiathar the high preest. 1687 in AM/agd. Coll. & Fames 11 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 98 To place, or displace, Members of 
Colleges. raed Steeve Tatler No, 84? 4 With a Design 
to displace them, in case I find their Titles defective. 
Macautay Hist. Eng. U1. 556dénjoining him .. to displace 
all the Popish officers who held commands under him. 1853 
Stocqueter Milit, Encyci., Officers are sometimes displa 


4 


from a particular regiment in ¢ q e of 4 
but they are at liberty to serve in any other corps. 

3. To oust (something) from its place and occupy 
it instead; a. to put something else in the place 
of; b. to take the place of, supplant, ‘ replace’. 

a. [1667 Mitton /. Z. 1. 473 Gods Altar to di 
and displace For one of Syrian mode.) 1844 H. H. Witson 
Brit. India 111. 458 To dis iF regular garrisons the 
troops of the Thakurs. 1853 Sir H. Douctas A/ilit. Bridges 
41 The desideratum is, to di as much water, with as 
little weight of vessel as possible. 

[1634 Mitton Comus 560 A softand solemn-breathing 
sound .. stole upon the air, that even Silence .. wished she 
might Deny her nature, and be never more, Still to be so 
displaced.) 1774 Gotpsm, Nat. Hist. (1776) 1. 188 A cork, 
a ship, a buoy, each buries itselfa bed on the surface of the 
water ; this may be considered as so much water dis- 
placed. 1831 Larpner /Hydrost. viii. 197 A body when it 
floats in a liquid, displaces a quantity of the liquid equal 
to its own weight. 1889 A. R. Wattace Darwinism 29 In 
three years .. this weed .. absolutely displaced every other 
plant on the ground, 

ble (displésib'l), a. [f. we, + 
Capable of being, or liable to be, dis- 


mi; 


~ABLE. 
placed. 
Boyie in Phil, Trans. X1. 805 Its parts were .. 
easily displ, bl t btile permeating matter. 1810 
Bentuam Packis Hoard ++ paid, placed, 
displaceable by the servants of the crown. 1879 J. M. 
Duncan Lect. Dis. Women i. (1889) 3 It may be le or 
floating, or it may be merely displaceable. 
Hence Displaceabi'lity. 
188a Nature XXVI. 592 The classification of surfaces 
according to the ye TT of their geodetic triangles. 
fat ppl.a. [fas prec. + 
-ED1.] Removed from its place ; put out of place; 
deposed : see the verb, 
1571 Gounune Colin on Ds. Be. Dee. 6 Tees bata 
‘em. Gordon 18 To retain 


of the di ‘ 
lacement (displésmént). [f. DispLace 
v. + -MENT; cf. OF. oe tg -F. déplace- 
ment, perh, the immediate source of sense 1.] 
The act of displacing or fact of being displaced. 
1. Removal from an office or dignity; deposition. 
(The earliest sense, but somewhat rare.) 


1611 Speen Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. § 44 His displacement 
from the Regency of France. #797 W. ‘tavion in Monthly 


hi mae q yo, eens 4 lomntieg: Fol ing 
their schemes farther than t! i ir adver- 
saries. 1857 Toutm. Samira Parish 9x Election, displace- 


ment, and fresh election depend on the Y 
2. Removal of a thing from its place ; putting 
out ot peeks shifting, dislocation. > 
1803 W. Tayior in Ann. Rev. 1. 320 Change of air, removal, 
ere Nil ake Wien aa emcees fe sry aoe 
4. . . very con- 
sinakla, thn Aleta ARENA meng vo mach codter, 


a 


DISPLACENCE. 


rassed. 1863 KinctaKke Crimea (1876) I. xv. 354 Occasioned 
by some dental displacement of words. 1880 HauGHTon 

Phys. Geog. ii. 46 note, A vertical displacement of the strata, 

sics. The amount by which anything is 
displaced ; the difference or geometrical relation 
between the initial position of a body and its posi- 
tion at some subsequent instant. 

1837 Wuewet Hist, Induct, Sc. (1857) I. 150 The dis- 
placement of the sun by parallax is so small that [etc.]. 
i Tuomson & Tair Nat. Phil, I. 1. § go, We may con- 
sider the whole motion as made up of successive elementary 
displacements. 

ce. Thermometiy. (See quot.) 

1871 B. Stewart //eat § 22 It is found that thermometers 
are liable to an alteration of their zero points, especially 
when the bulb has been filled not long before graduation. . 
This displacement may in the course of years amount to 
about 1° C. 

d. Electr. (See quots.) 

88x Maxwe tt Electr. §& Magn. I. 64 Electric displace- 
ment is a movement of electricity in the same sense as the 
transference of a definite quantity of electricity through 
a wire is a movement of electricity. 1885 Watson & Bur- 
sury Electr. §& Magn. 1. § 258. 1895 Sitvanus ‘THompson 
Electr. & Magn. § 57 Displacement. Whenever electric 
forces act on a dielectric, tending to drive electricity in at 
one side and out at the other.. the quantity of electricity 
which has apparently been transferred .. was called by 
Maxwell ‘the displacement’. /éid. § 516 Experiment 
proves that displacement-currents, while they last, set up 
magnetic fields around them; just as connexion-currents 
and conduction-currents do. ’ 

3. Removal of a thing by substitution of some- 
thing else in its place ; ‘ replacement’. 

1868 Giapstone Fuv. Mundt iii. (3869) roo There must 
have been a great displacement of the Pe asgic vocabulary. 
1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. 1X. 297 The displacement of 
human labor through .. machinery. fi 

b. Hydrostatics. The displacing of a liquid by 
a body immersed in or floating on it; the amount 
or weight of fluid so displaced by a floating body, 
e.g.aship. Centre of displacement: see CENTRE 
sb. 16. 

1802-19 Rees Cycl. s.v. Shipbuilding (L.), To ascertain 
the centre of displacement, or centre of gravity, of the 
immersed part of a ship's bottom. 1833 Marryat P. Simple 
xiii, He was always talking about centres of gravity, 
displacement of fluid, and Lord knows what. 1869 Six 
E, J, Reep Our ron-Clad Ships iv.71 The dimensions and 
outside form of a ship determine her displacement. 18 
W. H. G. Kincston Brit, Navy 535 Her total length is 
320 feet .. with a displacement of 11,407 tons. 

ce. Pharm. The process of obtaining an extract 
of a substance by pouring over it successive quan- 
tities of a menstruum until all the soluble matters 
are extracted ; = PERCOLATION. 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Displacement ., In Pharmacy, the 
term is used in the same sense as Percolation .. D. appa- 
vatus, a means of obtaining extracts, whether aqueous or 
alcoholic. ‘The body is pulverised, and then partially ex- 
hausted with a liquid, which is replaced by an additional 
quantity of the same, or of another liquid. 

+Displa‘cence. Oés. [ad. med.L. displacéntia, 
f. Dis- 4 + placéniia pleasantness : cf. OF. desplaz- 
sance, mod.F. dép-, It. dispiacenza. The cl.L. word 
was displicéntia, whence DISPLICENCE.] =next: 
the reverse of complacence. 

e1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1432 With displacens of all 
synne and hertly contrycionne. 1668 WiLkins Real Char. 
229 Displaeence, Sorréw, Grief, Discomfort. 1682 Sir T. 
Browne Chr. Mor... § 5 Rake not up envious displacences 
at things successful unto others. 

Displacency (displz‘sénsi). Now rare or 
Obs. [f. as prec.: see -eNcy. See also Dispui- 
cency.] The fact or condition of being displeased 
with something ; displeasure, dissatisfaction, dis- 
like. (The reverse of complacency.) 

ax652 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. x. iii. 503 Their hatred of the 
devil is commonly nothing else but an inward displacency 
of nature against something entitled by the devil's name. 
1654 WarrEN Undbelievers 205 His divine displacency against 
their sins, 1771 Westey Wks, (1872) VI. 18 Feeling a dis- 
placency at every offence against God. 1859 I. TayLor 
Logic in Theol, 59 The infant has made himself the object 
of compl. y or of displ Y; ding to his original 
dispositions, or his individual character, 

Displacent (displésént), a. rare. [f. Dis- 
PLACENCE, after complacent: cf. OF. desplaisant, 
DisPueasant.] Feeling or marked by displeasure: 
the reverse of complacent. 

1859 I. Taytor Logic in Theol. 62 These emotions .. be- 
coming either complacent or displacent. 

Displa‘cer. [f. Disruace +-Er1.] 

1. One who or that which displaces. 

1588 J. Upait Demonstr. Discip.(Arb.) 73 If the ministers 
that bee vsually displaced, be called of God .. if it cause 
the displacers to be d ies to the Gospell. 1607 
Schol. Disc, agst. Antichr. u. v. 10 Establishers of that 
which is good, and displacers of that which is evill. 

2. Pharm. An apparatus for obtaining an extract 
by DiseLaceMEnt (3c) ; a percolator. 

3883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Displacer, a synonym of Percolator. 

lacing, vii. sb. [f. Dispnace + -Ine 1] 
The action of the verb DisPLace; removal from 
its place; deposition. 

355 T. Witson Logike (1567) 65 a, In the diuidyng, and 
displacing of the same, spay cea Anat, Abus.u. (1882) 
84 Auth for his displacing, and placing of another that 
is more able, 1626 in Rushw. 47st, Coli, (1659) 1. 403 More 


487 


such displacings and alterations have by his means hap- 
pened, 1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 310 Phanasders 
displacing gave him the invitation to invade us. 

attrib, 1 Westm. Gaz. 30 May 2/1 That displacing 
process which sounds so easy in political economy. In life, 
when you are squeezed out of one employment..you do not 
find it so simple to slide into another groove. 

Displa‘cing, ///. 2. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.] 
That displaces: see the verb. 

1862 F, Haty Hindu Philos, Syst, 87 note, That one such 
quality may displace another, their theory is, that the dis- 
placing quality must remain with the quality displaced 
during the last moment of the subsistence of the latter. 
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. Gee) I. i, 2 Some knowledge 
of the condition of the displaced nation is necessary to 
understand the position of the displacing nation, 

Displant (displant), v. [ad. OF. desplanter 
=Sp. desplantar, It. dispiantare :—Romanic *dis- 
plantare, for L. déplantare, f. Dx- I. 6, Dis- + 
plantare to plant.] 

1. trans. Yo take up or remove (a plant) from 
the ground; to uproot. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 256a/x 
A tree whiche is ofte dysplaunted & transported from one 
grounde to an other may bere no fruyte. 1635 R. Bouron 
Comp, Aff. Conse, xv. 79 A strong and mightie Oake.. 
which no storme or tempest can displant or overthrow. 1725 
Braptey Kam, Dict. s. v. Saffron Crocus, After these Bulbs 
are displanted the Gardiner must be sure to keep them 
.. Three Weeks without replanting them. 1800 7'rans. Soc. 
Encourag, Arts XVIII. 99 When the hops are displanted. 

2, To remove (a person) from his settled 
position ; to dislodge (people) from their settle- 
ments or country; sfec. to undo the settlement or 
establishment of (a ‘ plantation’ or colony). Ods. 

1592 Suaxs. Row. § Ful, ui. iii. 59 Displant a Towne, 
reuerse a Princes Doome. 1596 Spenser Sate rel. Wks. 
(Globe) 615/t One of the occasions by which all those coun- 
tryes, which .. had bene planted with English, were 
shortly displanted and lost. 1605 Hieron Short Dial. 49 
Almost 300 preachers are already eyther displanted, in- 
hibited, or under... censure. 1615 G. Sanpys 7av. 39 The 
.. Greeks had planted certaine Colonies thereabout, and 
displanted the barbarous. 1650 J. MusGrave Grievances 
of North, Co. 27 All Israel .. were displanted, and carried 
away into captivity. 1660 F, Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav, 
370 AColony..in Dariana, displanted for the unsoundnesse 
of the ayre, 

+ 3. fig. a. To root up, eradicate; b. tosupplant. 

1603 H. Crosse Vertues Comme. (1878) 98 Others .. dis- 
plant all good order established. 1612 ‘I’. ‘T'avtor Comm, 
Titus i. 6 He must .. displant vices, and plant the contrarie 
vertues. 1624 MassinGrr Xenegado 1.1, Some other hath 
displanted me, With her dishonour. a@1638 Mepe A fost: 
Lat, Times (1641) 83 Three of these.. should the Anti- 
christian horne depresse and displant, to advance himselfe. 

Hence Displa‘nting v7. sd. and ffl. a. 

1604 Suaks, O¢h. 11. i. 283 By the displanting of Cassio, 
1616 H. Gosnotp in Lismore Papers (1887) Ser. 1. II. 20 
The stock which I am tyed to purchase vnder paine of 
displanting. 1725 BrapLey Fam, Dict. s.v. Tulip, Vake 
a Gardiners displanting Groove, and thrust it into the 
Ground. 1727 Baitey vol. Il, Displanting Scoop, an 
Instrument to take up Plants with Earth about them. 

+ Displanta‘tion. Os. [f. prec. after PLaNt- 
ATION.] The action or fact of displanting; the 
removal of a plantation or colony. 

1614 Raceicu Hist, World 1, 46 The Edenites in Thelassar 
.. Whose displantation Senacherib vaunted of. Jbid. v. ii. 
§ 8. 603 The Boij .. feared the like displantation. 

+ Displa‘t, v. Ods. [Dis- 6 or 7a.] 
To do out of its plats or plaits, to unplait. 

1627 Hakewe i AZo/. (1630) 412 Which of these would not 
rather choose that the state .. should be in combustion 
then his haire should bee displatted ? 

Display (displé:), v. Forms: 5 desplay, 
dysplay, 6 displeigh. 8. 5-6 des-, dysploy. 
[a. OF. despleder (-plier, -ployer), = Pr. desplegar, 
-pleiar, Sp. desplegar, It. dispiegare:—L. displicire 
to scatter, disperse, (in late and med.L.) to unfold. 
See also the doublet Deptoy, and aphetic SpLay. 

In OF, displicare became orig. in inf. desplier ; in tonic 
forms as 3 sing. pres. desplei -e ; whence by subseq. confusion 
of tonic and atonic forms desfileier, later desploicr, des- 
ployer: examples of all these French varieties exist in Eng. 
in ply, ploy, apply, comply, imply, deploy, employ; the 
forms in -Aéoy being froin Central OF., or later F.] 

1. trans. To unfold, expand, spread out ; to un- 
furl (a banner, sail). Now Oés. exc. as influenced 
by sense 3, and understood as ‘to unfold to view’ 
(a banner or the like). 

ees = Britton 11. xxii. § 4 Sila disseisine fust fete a banere 
desplaé, ou as chevaus covertz.] cx R. Brunne Chron. 
(1810) 2 Ine..displayed his banere, & went to pe bataile. 
©1430 Lypc. Min, Poems. (Percy Soc.) 6 Ther yssed oute 
empresses thre, Theire here displayed. ¢ 1460 Emare 97 The 
cloth was displayed sone. 1490 Caxton Lneydos xxvii. 96 
To sprede and dysploye the sayles. ¢1g00 Melusine xxi#131 
And made hys banere to be dysployed abrode. 1582 N. 
LicnerteLp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. xxxvi. 88 There 
was displaide a flagge in the top of the Factorie. 590 
Spenser /, Q, ut, ii. 47 The old-woman carefully displayd 
The clothes about her round with busy ayd. 162x G. Sanpys 
Ovid's Met. 1v. (1626) 86 With Dores display’d, the golden 
Palace shines. 1656 Ear Mono. Advt. fr. Parnass. 259 
[He] displaid his sails to a prosperous west wind, 1692 
Bentiey Boyle Lect. 208 Elastick .. particles, that have a 
continual tendency and endeavour to expand and display 
themselves, 1728 Pore Dunc. 11.71 See.. her sable flag 
bg oy 1894 C. N. Rosinson Brit, Fleet 97 A flag was 
to So et on the discovery of a supposed enemy at sea. 

intr, (for refi.). 1572 Rs i. tr. Lavaterus’ Ghostes § 


trans. 


DISPLAY. 


Spir. (1596) 81 When..their ensignes will not displaie 
abroade but fold about the stander-bearers heads. 

+b. Az/. To spread out (troops) so as to form 
a more extended line; =Deptoy v. 2. Obs. 

1581 SaviLe Agric. (1622) 198 Agricola.. fearing lest hee 
should bee assailed on the front and flankes both at one 
instant, displayed his army in length. 158 — Yacitus’ 
Hist, Ww. xxxv. (1591) 196 Fought with troupes displayed out 
thinnely in length. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 151 
‘The Englishmen. .display their ranks and. .press hard upon 
their enemies. 1823 Crass TZechnol. Dict., To display 
(47i1.) in French déployer, to extend the from of a column. 

2. To lay or place (a man or animal) with the 
limbs extended; to extend (a limb, wing, etc.) 
spec. in Her.; see DISPLAYED 2. 

¢1320 R. Brunne Medit. 640 ‘Voward be cros hys bak he 
layde, And hys real armes oute he dysplayde. 1486 2A. 
St, Albans Bviija, Display the wynge esely and holde it 
betwene the ij partes of the loofe. 1539 Hitsey Primer in 
Three Primers (1848) 328 O Lord which hast displayed 
thine hands and feet, and all thy body on across for our 
sins. 159 Srenser Virg. Gnat 240 Sleep oppressed him, 
Displaid on ground. /é7d, 336 Thou .. ‘Thy careles limbs in 
loose sleep dost display. 

tb. Carving. The technical term for: To carve 
(a crane’. Ods. 

¢1470 in Hors, Shepe § G. etc. (Caxton 1479, Roxb. repr.) 
33 A crane displayd, a pecok disfigured. 1§13 Lh. Acr- 
uynge in Babees Bk, 267 Dysplaye that crane. ‘lake a crane, 
and vnfolde his legges, and cut of his wynges by the Ioyntes. 
1804 Fartey Lond. Art Cookery (ed. 10) 293. 

absol, 1711-14 Spectator (J.), He carves, displays, and 
cuts up to a wonder, 

8. To open up or expose to view, exhibit to the 
eyes, show. 

13.. Gaw. §& Gr. Ant. 955 Hir brest & hir bry3t prote bare 
displayed Schon shyrer pen snawe. c1430 Lypc. A/in. 
Poems (1840) 161 | Miitz.) Displaieth hir crown geyn Phebus 
bemys brihte. xg9r Suaks. 1 //ex. V/, 1. il. 77, 1.. 
to Sunnes parching heat display'd my cheekes. 1695 
Woopwarp Nat. ‘ist, Earth w. (1723) 244 By this 
means..the Grain-Gold, upon all the Gold Coast... is dis- 
play’d. 1767 Sir W. Jones Seven Fount, Poems (1777) 46 
‘Th’ alluring stream, ‘That through the grove display’d a 
silver gleam. 1861 M. Pattison £ss, (1889) I. 45 Round the 
apartment .. was displayed in close array the silver and 
pewter plate. 1864 Boure., Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xix. 
zor More recently the Royal Banner has always displayed 
the Arms of England. 

b. Printing. To make more prominent (a word, 
line, etc.) by using larger type, wider spacing, etc. 

1888 [see Disrray sé. 5). 

4. ‘To unfold or exhibit to other senses, to ob- 
servation generally, or to the mind. +a. To give 
utterance to, pour forth, utter. Ods. 

1580 Sipney /’s, xxvil. vii, Heare, Lord, when I my voice 
display. 1638 Sir ‘I’. Hersert 77vav. (ed. 2) 210 A thou- 
sand warbling Notes thy throat displayes. 

b. To exhibit, make manifest, cause to be ob- 
served or perceived. 

1575 Lanewam Let, (1871) 12 At last the Altitonant dis- 
pleaz me hiz mayn poour. 1635 Quartes Lydd. 11, i. (1718) 
66 ‘Thy busie hands address ‘Their labour to display. 1660 
Boyvte New Exp. Phys. Mech. xvii.115 Vhe.. Air. .sufficing 
..to display a considerable pressure upon the surface of the 
Mercury. 1762 Sir W. Jones Arcadia Poems (1777) 107 
‘The curling eglantines display'd..an aromatick shade. 1874 
Green Short Hist. vii. § 7. 415 The new English drama .. 
was beginning to display its wonderful powers.  188¢ 
Manch, Exam. 16 June 4/7 The same insubordination was 
displayed still more offensively, 

5. esp. To exhibit ostentatiously ; to show off, 
make a show of. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Bold forward Man (Arb.) 47 
‘These few good parts hee has, hee is no niggard in display- 
ing. 1659 B. Harris Parival's [ron Age 126 Many great 
Divines were fain to display their eloquence. 1709 Pore ss. 
on Criticisnt 329 The sparks with awkward vanity display 
What the fine gentleman wore yesterday. 1729 BUTLER 
Serm, Wks. 1874 II. 47 Their business in coming into 
company..f[is] to display themselves. 1750 Jounson Ram- 
bler No. 27 ® 8 That part of his discourse in which he most 
endeavoured to display his imagination, 

tb. entr. (for ref.) To make a great show or 
display; to act in an,ostentatious manner. Ods. 
160g SHaxs. Lear ul. iv. 41 The fellow which .. Displaid 
so saucily against your Highnesse. : 

6. trans. To disclose, reveal, or show, uninten- 
tionally or incidentally ; to allow to be seen or 
perceived, to betray. 

1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 32 If you 
are but seene, Your armes display you; therefore put them 
off. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 171 He began 
to display..some token of suspition. 1796 H. Hunrer tr. 
St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 11. 568 All the variety of 
colours which flowers display. 1853 J. H. Newman /is¢, 
Sk, (1873) II. 1. iii. 146 A grand entertainment, which dis- 
played both the barbarism and the magnificence of the 
Asiatic. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 104 Having dis- 
played your ignorance of the nature of courage. ; 

+7. To set forth in representation or narrative ; 
to depict, describe, exhibit; to set forth at large, 
expound ; to unfold (a tale). Ods. or arch. 

1726-31 Tinpat Rafin's Hist. Eng. (1743) I. xv, 156 To 
display in a few words the Elogy of this illustrious queen. 
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 79 ® 8 The princes were once 
displaying their felicity, and each boasting the advantages 
of his own dominions. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) I. Pref. 2 
The admirable Linnzus has displayed them [arguments] 
at large in an oration. 1802 eas. Epcewortu Moral 
T. (1816) I. 200 Zealous to display every proof of the ——_ 
greatness of mind, 1808 Scotr y 7a 1y. ii, He .. did his 
tale display, 


DISPLAY. 


. ae - 

+8. Med. To disperse, dissipate. Ods. (Cf. L. 

aires Varro.]} 
i Torsett. Four. Beasts (1658) 84 The fat of this beast 
is reserved by some for heating, softening, and displaying 
tumours in the flesh. /did. 504 ‘The use of this by reason 
it is very hot, is to display Ulcers and tumors in wounds, 

19. To discover, get sight of, descry. [In 
Spenser and his imitators ; as if ‘to unfold to one’s 
own view’.] Ods, 

1g90 Spenser J. Q. 11, xii. 76 They .. did at last display 
That wanton Lady, with pay lover. ¢1611 Cuarman /liad 
xi. 74 He..from his seat took pleasure to display The city 
so adorn’d with tow’rs. 1615 — Odyss. v. 350 He might 
“Dig The shady hills of the Phaeacian shore. 

lay’, 56. [f. prec. vb.] 

1. The act of displaying or unfolding to view or 
to notice; exhibition, manifestation. 

a@x680 Granvitt (J.), A glorious display of the highest 
form of created excellencies. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 
205 P 5 At this display of riches every eye immediately 
sparkled. 1767 Funius Lett. xxv. 116 You were not quite 
indifferent to the display of your literary qualifications. 
1823 Rutter Fonthill 8 A too sudden display of the colossal 
dimensions. .of the Abbey. 1853 J. H. Newman //ist. S4. 
(1873) IL. 1. i. 4 The display of horsetails at the gate of the 
Palace is the Ottoman signal of war. 1858 Froupe //ist. 
Zng. IIL. xiv. 193 An occasion for the display of his powers. 

+b. The act of setting forth descriptively ; 
a description. Ods. 

1583 Stusses (¢/t/e) The Second part of the Anatomie of 
Abuses, containing The display of Corruptions, with a per- 
fect description of such imperfections. 1610 Guitim (f7t/e) 
Display of Heraldry. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Display, 
a particular Explication. a1714 Snare Serv. I. v. (R.), 
For the more lively display of him .. it will be fit that we 
represent him a little more particular under those several 
respects and capacities, in which his uprightness is princi- 
pally seen and expressed. 

2. An exhibition, a show; a proceeding or occa- 
sion consisting in the exhibiting of something. 

1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. iv. Pref. (R.), Some grains 
must be allow’d to a rhetorical display, which will not bear 
the rigour of a critical survey. 1789 Cowrer Queen's Visit 
Lond. 10 (17 March)Twas hard to tell of streets or squares 
Which formed the chief display. 1831 Brewster Nat, 
Magic i. (1833) 6 The optical display which hallowed their 
ancient temples. 1845 //orist's Frnl. 278 ‘The display of 
dahlias..was most excellent. 1883 GiapsTone in Glasgow 
Weekly Her. 9 June 1/7 Constant parades and military dis- 
plays with bands and flags. 1886 A. WincneLt Walks Geol. 
Field 210 Some of our most splendid meteoric displays. 

3. Show, ostentation. 

1816 Byron Parisina xvii, He died, as erring man should 
die, Without display, without parade. 18 Emerson 
Nature, Lit. Ethics Wie. (Bohn) II. 214 Fatal to the man 
of letters, fatal to man, is the lust of display. 1870 — Soc. 
& Solit., Domestic Life Wid. 111. 45 A house kept to the 
end of display is impossible to all but a few women. 

4. Printing. The selection and arrangement of 
types so as to call attention to important parts of 
the subject matter: used in regard to title-pages 
_and advertisements. 

1824 J. Jounson 7yfographia 11. 588 An alteration in the 
method of display and a new mode in the arrangement of 
the matter, became now very general. 

5. Comd., as display-letter, -type, a letter or type 
used for displaying printed matter; cf. 4 above; 
display-stand, a stand, rack, shelf, etc. for 
displaying goods; display-work (see quot.). 

1888 Jacost Printer’s Voc. 32 Display work, Type dis- 
played, such as titles, headings, and jobbing work, is thus 
termed to distinguish it from ordinary solid composition. 

Display-able, a. rare. [f. as prec, + -ABLE.] 
Capable of being displayed. 

1864 CartyLe Predk. Gt, (1865) 1V. x11. xi. 265 Belleisle dis- 
played, so farasdisplayable, his magnificent Diplomatic Ware. 

Displayed (displ>'d), 77/. a. Also 4-6 des-, 
dys-, -plaied(e, -playit, -plaid, -pleyd. [-xp!.] 

1. Unfolded, unfurled, spread open to view. 

1425 Wyntoun Crom. vill. xxxix. 32 A Rade of were He 
made wyth displayid Banere. 1603 KNotes //ist, Turkes 
(1638) 297 The displaied ensignes. 1625 K. Lone tr. 
Barclay’s Argenis i. iii. 155 Opening now their displayed 
Pedigrees. 1649 Mitton Ezkon, Wks. 1738 I. 365 Fought 
against him with display'd Banners in the Field. 

b. Expanded, as wings, leaves, etc. 

1578 Lyre Dodoens ut. xvii. 339 The leaves are lyke 
desplayed winges. 1648 Boy.e Seraph. Love (1660) 44 The 
Coy delusive Plant. .shrinks in its displayed leaves. 

+ ¢. Lying supine with the limbs extended. 


@ 1400 Octouian 1516 Well many Sarsyns .. ley dyspleyd. 


01485 Digby Myst. w. 313 This displaied body. 1591 [see 
Disptay v. 2). a CLEVELAND Poems, Smectymnuus go, 

2. Her. Having the wings expanded: said of a 
bird of prey used as a bearing. Also with wings 
displayed: see quot. 1882. . 

c1400 Sowdone Bab, 190 An Egle of goolde abrode dis- 
played. a1490 Boroner /tin. (1778) 164 Ung egle displayed 
de argent. 1572 BosseweLt Armorie u. 60b, The fielde is 
of the Topaze, a Basiliske digflayed, Emeraude, cristed, 
Saphire. 1766 Porny Heraldry (1787) 170 Three Eaglets 
displayed, points of their wings pendent, Or. 1830 Rosson 
Brit, Herald U1. Gloss., Displayed recursant, or tergiant, 
the wings crossing each other ; sometimes termed dac. rd 
displayed, the wings crossing. Displayed foreshortened, 
eagles, etc. thus borne, are depicted flying straight forward 
towards you, so as no part but the roundness of the head 
and body is seen, with the pinion of the wings extended. 
1882 Cussans //er. vi. 9t The Heraldic student must bear 
in mind the difference between An Eagle displayed and 
An Eagle with wings displayed; when the latter term is 
employed, the Bird is supposed to be perched. 


[ enne’s World of Wonders 169 Displin 


488 


b. By Putrennam (1589) Eng. Poesie un. xili). (Arb.) 106 
apd we eomeal dete re ne sme 
as wings, e. g. t ricquet disp =two triang! 
at ther apices]; the ee the Rondel a 
{=an oval or a circle bisected, and the halves joi at 
their convex margins]. 

Hence + Display‘edly adv. Obs. 

1611 Florio, Spiegatamente, openly, displaiedly. 

Display-er. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One who 
or that which displays; an exhibitor. 

161t Frorio, Sfiegatore, a displayer, ‘an vnfolder. 
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. \xxxvi. (L.), Nothing that 
has sense but is better for this — {charity]. 1654 
Gayton Pleas. Notes (T), The displayer of his high fron- 
tiers. 1815 W. H. Irevann Scribbleomania 217 Each 
pestle’s displayer, Who, living by drugs, proves humanity's 
slayer. 1840 Browninc Sordedlo v. (1889) 235 Some - 
player, still More potent than the last, of human will. 

Display-ing, vé/. 5d. [f. as prec. + -ING1.] 
The action of the verb Display; unfolding, dis- 
closing, revelation, exposure. 

1556 Huccarpe (¢/t/e\, The Displaying of the Protestantes, 
and sondry their Practices. 1611 Cotcr., Despliement, an 
unfoulding ; displaying. 1677 J. Wenster (/7t/e), The Dis- 
playing of Supposed Witchcraft. 1878 T. Sixctarr Mount 
4 Whatever value these partial displayings may have. 


Display‘ment. [f. as prec. +-meN?.] =prec. 

18or Strutt Sports & Past, iv. ili. 326 The displayment 
of vulgar pastimes. 

+Di'sple, v. Ods. Also 6 dyspel. [App. a 
popular formation from D1scIPLinE sd. 7, or v. 2. 

If derived from ya ead vb., the final -z#(e might be con- 
founded with the infinitive suffix -en, -yz, and disappear 
along with it. But it is, on the whole, more probable that 
discipl-ine sb. was associated with vbl. sbs. in -ing, and so 
converted into discipl-ing, dissplying, dyspelyng, as in the 
earliest instances quoted. Thence a verb to duple would 
naturally be deduced. The verb Disctrte is of later date.] 

trans. To subject to discipline, bodily correction, 
penance, or punishment; ¢s/. as a religious practice. 
Also Di-spling vd/. sh. and pf/. a. 

1492 in Brand Pop, Antig., Ash Wedn. (1870) I. 56 For 
dissplying rods, ij!. 1533 More Afo/. xxvii. Wks. 893/2 As 
lothe..as the Ladye was to come. .to dyspelyng, that wepte 
..that the prieste had..with the pbc oak rodde beaten 
her hard vppon her Abe white handes. 1563-87 Foxe 
A. & M. (1596) 1339/2 Euery of them had a Taper in his 
hand, and a rod, wherewith the Preacher did disple them, 
1581 Marseck B&, of Notes 586 The displing of the froward 
childe. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. x. 27 Bitter Penaunce, with 
an yron whip, Was wont him once to disple every day. 
1605 b. Jonson Vo/pone iv. ii, Who here is fled for libecty 
of conscience .. Her will I disc’ple. 1607 R. C, tr. Estz- 
friers. 1641 Vind. 
Smectymnuus iii. 49 The Reverend Fathers will have 
multitudes of disobedient sons to disple. 

+Displeasance. 0s. Forms: see Dis- 
PLEASANT. [a. OF. desflazsance (13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), mod.F. déplatsance, f. desplatsant: see 
next and -ance. Cf. also DispLAcENCE, DISPLI- 
CENCE, Still stressed on final ¢ 1530 by Skelton. ] 
The fact of being displeased ; displeasure, dissatis- 
faction, discontent, annoyance, vexation; a cause 
or instance of this, a grievance, trouble. 

¢1340 Hampote Prose 7y, 11 Wordes of myssawe ne vn- 
honeste ne of displesance. cr Cnaucer Pard, Prol. & 

7. 92 Thus quyte I folk, that doon vs displesances. ¢ 14, 
Lype. M/in. Poems (Percy Soc.) 48 So it be noon dysple- 
saunce to your pay. 1483 Cath. Angé. 98/1 A Desplesance ; 
grauamen, aggrauamen, 1485 Caxton Chas, Gt, 82 He 
was in grete desplaysaunce. 1§09 Barciay Shyp Folys 
(1570) 126 Justice ought to be wayed .. Not rigorously for 
wrath or displeasaunce. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. x. 28 Whose 
simple answere .. him to displeasaunce moov'd. [1886 J. 
Payne Decameron 1. 29 Albeit the husbandmen die there 
.. the displeasance is there the less.] 

+Displea'sant, a. Ols. Forms: 4-5 des-, 
4-7 dis-, 5-6 dys-, 4-6 -ples-, 5 -pleys-, -plays-, 
5-7 -pleas-, 4-7 -ant, 5-6 -aunt. [a. OF. des- 
plaisant, ppl. adj. of desplaire to DISPLEASE.] 

“1. That displeases or causes displeasure or annoy- 
ance; displeasing; unpleasant; disagreeable. 

31481 Caxton A/yrr, 11, viii. 147 One is colde, rayny, and 
more desplaysant than thother. ¢1g10 Barciay M/irr, Gd. 
Manners (1570) G iv, Clense thy bedchamber from all dis- 
pleasant sent, 1556 J. Hrywoon Spider §& J, ii, 64 Loue 
causeth friendes to hide displeasant trowth. 1609 Bist 
(Douay) 1 Sam. xviii. 8 Saul was exceeding angrie, and 
this word was displeasant in his eies. 1668 7a if Evid, 
Witcher. 101 That morning it left a sulfurous smell behind 
it very displeasant and offensive. 

b. Const. Zo, unto, 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. T. néeg Thome is this synne moost 
displesant to Crist. a1450 Ané. de la Tour (x868) 14 
Pride, whiche is the synne most displesaunt vnto Got, 
1533 Lp. Berners Gold, Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Sijb, If 
your deathe be displeasant to them. 1665 GLANVILL Scepsis 
Sci. xiv. 91 What to one is a most grateful odour, to an- 
other is noxious and displeasant. 

2. Displeased, angry, grieved. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 62 So desplaysaunt ne sory was 
he neuer as I shal-make hym for the. x1ga5 St. Papers 
Hen. VIII, V1. (516 Sens that = that we founde the 
Ch 1 so displ for the letters sent. 1530 
Patscr. 310/2 Displeasant for synne, contrit. 1599 
Haxwuyr Voy. IL. 1. 131 It was not they y* ought to shew 
one displ looke or ¢ there against ; but to 
take it patiently. 1709 Srryre Aun. Ref. I. vii. 105 They 
looked with a very angry and displeasant eye upon them. 


+ Dhaplonuens, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec.-adj.] 


To render displeasant ; to disquiet, vex, 


DISPLEASE. 
Hence Displea‘santing vé/. s., vexing, disquiet- 


1628 Fertuam Resolves u. xxii. 74 Lamentations that haue 
no better fruit, then the displeasanting of the soule, that 
ownes t 

+B ‘santly, adv. [fras prec. + -LY?.] 

1. Unpleasantly, di bly ; offensively. 

1607 Torsett Four-f Beasts (1658) 429 Before it is ripe, 
it smelleth displeasantly. 

2. In a displeased or offended manner. 


1540-1 Etyor Jmage Gov. (1556) 139 b, I not dis- 
Se 1662 J. Caaprenn 7, ed 's Oriat. Pref. 
to Rdr., I do humbly beseech you all. .not di tly to 


receive my ready peer labour. 17a Srryre Eccl. Mem. 1. 
xii. 103 He t! tt the Emperor should take it more dis- 

pleasantly, than if his Holi had declared himself. 
+Displea’santness. Olds. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being disp or un- 
ion of 


pleasant, unpleasantness; also, the 
being displeased, displeasure. 

1553 BreNvE Sind ies Mit. 29 (R.) When Philip had read 
the letter, hee shewed more of disp] than 
of feare. 1582 W. Cictit in Bentley Mon. Matrones, Q. 
Catherine's Lament. Pref., This good Ladie thought no.. 
displ nesse to submit hirselfe to the schoole of the 
crosse. 1665 J. Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 42 They present 
..a certain kind of Displeasantness to the bye. 

Displease (displ/z),v. Forms: 4-5 desplese, 
(displess); 4-6 dis-, dysplese, displece, -pleis, 
5 dysplayse, 5-6 dysplease, 5~ displease. [a- 
OF. desplais-, pres. stem of desplaisir, desplaire 
(pres. subj. -place, -plaise), in AF. desplere, desplese, 
refashioned repr. of L. désplicére, Rom. *displacére : 
cf. It. dispiace're, Sp. desplacer, Pr. desplacer: see 
Piease. The 16th c. ea represented an AF, and 
ME. open é from OF, az.] 

1. intr. To be displeasing, disagreeable, or offen- 
sive ; to cause displeasure, dissatisfaction, or dislike. 

(This is app. the original use, as in Fr. and L.; but in later 
Eng. it passes into an absolute use of the transitive sense 2.) 

335i. EE. Allit, P.C. 1 Patience is a point, pa3 hit dis- 
plese ofte. 1414 Brampton Penit. Ps. xlv. 17 He may sone 
dysplese and greve. 1484 Caxton Chivalry 98, I wold 
demaunde a question yf I shold not displease. 1626 Bacon 
Sylva (J.), Foul sights do rather displease, in that they 
excite the memory of foul things. 1705 Pore Spring 83 
Ev’n spring displeases, when shines not here, 
Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) Il. 46 They 
dare to displease. : 2 

+b. const. fo. Obs. Nigh déplaire a, or with 
dative; L. displicére wit | 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. iii. 6 (Camb, a“) To dis- 
plese to wikkede men, ¢ 1380 Wyctir Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 
196 pis displesip to sinful men. 1413 Pilgr. Sow/e Caxton 
1483) 11. viii. 55 For somtyme theyr lewd lyf displesid to 
them seluen. ¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron, v1. xvi. -* That til 
hyr fadyr dysplesyd noucht.. 1485 Caxton G. de la Tour 
D vij b, Thexcusations of Eue displeasid moche to god. 

2. trans. [The object represents an earlier dative: 
cf. Fr. cela me deplatt, cela deplatt & Dieu.) To 
be displeasing or disagreeable to ; to excite the dis- 
pleasure, dissatisfaction, or aversion of; to offend, 


annoy, vex, make angry. 

13.. E. E, Aliit. P. B. - Penne pou dry3tyn dyspleses 
with dedes ful sore. 1393 Gower Con/. ILL. 253 If it shulde 
him nought displese. c¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 20 If 
pai speke any thing pat displesez be sowdan, ¢ 1400 Afo/, 
Loll. 83 To do synne, & displece God, & deserue peyn. 
c Gesta Rom. (1838) 11. xxxviii. 399 it dis me 
mekelle, that ever I come hedir. 1474 Caxton Chesse 4 He 
put them al to deth that displesid him, 1g29 Suffdic. to 
King 53 Afrayed to — the trewethe, lest they shulde 
dysplease men. 1596 Suaks. Zam, Shr. 1. i. 76 Let it not 
displease thee good Bianca, For I will loue nere the 
lesse my girle. 1596 — 1 //en, /V/, 1. iii. 122 You shall heare 
in such an kinde from me As will displease ye. 1612 Bist 
Fonag iv. x Byt it displeased Ionah dingly, and he was 
very angry. 1624 Carr. Sara Virginia w. 112 This answer 
..much displeased him. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryhe’s Voy. E. Ind. 
35 When I considered her..as to her Fortune, I must con- 
fess she did not altogether displease me. 1734 AxBuUTHNOT 
in Swift's Lett. (3766) II. 205 The world, in main, dis- 

leaseth me. 1841 W. Sratvine /taly & /t. Jsi. III. 150 
The picture .. is one which displeases taste. 1875 JoweTr 
Plato (ed. 2) I11. 223, I will not oppose you, lest I sh ld 
rae the company. 

t 


. 1590 Suaxs. Mids, N. 1. ii, 54 Ie beleeue as soone. . 
t the Moone May through the Center creepe, and so 
displease Her brothers noonetide. — Meas. for Mw. 
i. 13 My mirth it much displeas’d, but pleas'd my woe. x6rr 
Beaum. & Fi. Maid’s 7 rag. w. i, £. Come, you will make 
me blush, JMe/. 1 would, Evadne; I shall displease my 
ends else, 
- +b. refl. and intr. =be displeased: see c. Obs, 
13.. E. E. Allit. P, A. 422 ‘Blysful’, quoth I, ey 4 
trwe, Dysplesez notif I speke errour’, 1377 Lanct. Py l. 
B-xur. 135 ‘At 3owre preyere’, quod pacyence so no 
man displese hym’. a@14g0 Ant. de la Tour @ 160 
Madame, displese you not thoughe this lady .. goo before. 
¢1470 Henry |adlace x1. 269 Ye suld dis you nocht. 
c. Zo be displeased: to be dissatisfied, or moved 
to disapprobation or dislike; to be vexed; to be 
full of displeasure or indi, on. ee os 
state rather than action : cf, DISPLEASED Ppl. a. 
Const. with, at, tof, t against; also with infin, 
or clause. 
¢1386 Cuaucer Can. Yeom, Prot. & Z. 497 Beeth no 


i Gow - LL, 
thyme diplesed, 1 pow ResPeig SS oo contra, Where 
the king may be desplesed, . ¢x489 Caxton Sones of. 


» 
DISPLEASED. 


A. xxi. 464 My cosin, be not dysplaysed of that I shall 
telle oe 1533 Lv. Berners //uox Ixy. 222 Make as 
tho 


h ye were dyspleasyd with hym, 1548 Hat. 
Cire. Edw, IV, (an. 14) 232 b, [He] was sore displeased 
» to se hys master made a jesting stocke. 1563 WiN3ET 


Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks, 1888 I. 133 3e are ., dis- 
plesit that We embrase nocht ., 30ur new interpretationis. 
1593 Suaxs. 2 Hen. V'/,1. i. 155 There’s reason he should be 
displeas’d at it. 1612 Bis //aé, iii. 8 Was the Lond dis- 
leased against the riuers? 1638 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 
te. 2) 133 Cynthia also lookt pale, as displeasd with so much 
navery. 1745 P. ‘THomas ¥rn2. Anson's Voy. 16 We should 
not have been displeased..to have met them with our 
whole Force. 1829 D’Israett in Croker Papers (1884) 
28 Jan., So many were displeased at themselves. 

Displeased (displ7zd), 2/.a. [f. prec. + ED.] 
The reverse of pleased ; vexed, angry, annoyed. 

1581 Mutcaster Positions xxix. (1887) 109 The thinges, 
which do please the displeased infantes. 1609 Shaks. 77. 
& Cr. (Qo. 1) Epistle { ij, The most displeased with Playes, 
are pleasd with his Commedies. 1659 Gent/. Calling (1696) 
116 ‘The Heathens had Incantations to recal their displeased 
Deities. me . W. Bownen Gregory V/T, I. 174Too wary 
to put himself into the power of his displeased sovereign. 

«| For to be displeased, with its constructions, see 
DISPLEASE ¥. 2c. 

Displeasedly (-7zédli), adv. [f. prec. + -LY*.] 
In a displeased or vexed manner ; with displeasure. 

cx6xx Cuarman //iad xv. 97 Thus took she place dis- 
pleasedly, 1826 Scorr Woodst, xxxv, ‘Have I not said it?’ 
answered Cromwell, displeasedly. 1856 7ztax J/ag. July 
10/r He muttered the last words displeasedly. 

+ Displea‘sedness. (és. [f-as prec. +-NESS.] 
Displeased state or condition, discontent. 

156 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ut. 197 To do penance..is 
..to vtter a displeasednesse when god is angry with vs. 
1680 Baxter Cath. Commun. iii. (1684) 21 It is not Pleased- 
ness with the evil; therefore it is Displeasedness. a 1716 
Sourn Serm, viii. 150(T.) What a confusion and displeased- 
ness covers the whole soul ! 

Displea'ser. 7are. 
One who displeases. 

1641 Mitton Ch, Gove. 1. (1851) 140 It must..be a hate- 
full thing to be the displeaser, and molester of thousands. 

Displea‘sing, 2//. s/. [f. as prec. + -1NG!.] 
The action of the verb DIsPLEASE ; offending. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 41 Priamus .. hadde 
anon in mynde. .be displesynge [Higden contemptus] of his 
messager Antenor. 1530 PatsGr, 214/1 Displeasyng, rerors, 
offention. 1580 Barret Alv. D go4 Without any displeasing 
of the tast. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 26 P14 A servile 
fear of displeasing. 

Displea‘sing, ///.a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
Causing displeasure, giving offence, disagreeable. 

~~ Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 17 It is..displeasing to God, 
and harme to oure soules, 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. 
(2884) 30 Displesand and nocht acceptable to God. 1597 
Suaks. 2 /Yen. JV’, Epil. 10 A displeasing Play. 1643 Mit- 
ton Divorce u. viii. (1851) 80 By reason of some displeasing 
natural quality or unfitnes in her. 1779 Map. D’Arsiay 
Diary Oct., A rich counsellor .. but, to me, a displeasing 
man, 1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 16 [The marriage] 
was also. . highly displeasing to his father Chilperic. 

Hence Displea‘singly adv.; Displea’singness. 

a@ 1652 J. Situ Sed. Disc. viii. 394 Nothing that might .. 
carry in it any bl of displeasingness. 1690 Locke 
Hum, Und. 1. xxi, (1695) 149 "Tis a mistake to think, that 
Men cannot change the Displeasingness or indifferency, 
that is in actions, into pleasure. 1731 Battey, Déspleas- 
ingly, offensively. 1753 Hocartu Anai. Beauty xi, 128 
Although the form .. should be ever so confused or dis- 
pleasingly shaped to the eye! 1841 W. Pater 6¢h Let. 
to Wiseman 28 A virtual displeasingness in this life. 1843 
Lytton Last Bar. 1. v, Associated displeasingly with re- 
collections of pain. 

Displea‘surable, ¢. rare. [f. DisPLEASURE 
sh. + -ABLE, after pleasiirable.| The reverse of 
pleasurable; unpleasant, disagreeable. Hence 
Displea‘surably adv. 

1660 Hexuam, Ongeriesticken, Incommodiously, Displea- 
surably. 1879 H.Srencer Data Ethics xiv. 245 The required 

- modes of activity must remain for innumerable generations 
in some degree displeasurable. /é7d. 246 A displeasurable 
tax on thegnergies. 

Displeasure (disple-gittz), sd. Forms: a. 5 
des-, dis-, dysplaisir, -playsir, -yr(e. 8. dis-, 
dysplaysure, -pleysure, 5-6 dyspleasur(e, 6 
displesour, -pleis-, -pleas-, displeasur, -or, 6- 
displeasure. [In type a., a. OF. desplaistr (13th 
¢c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. déplazsir, subst. use of 
OF, infin, desplaisir to DisPLEaSE: cf. Pr. des- 
plazer, Sp. desplacer, It. dispiacere, in subst. use. In 
or 8., conformed to PLEASURE, which see for the 
relation between Plazsir, pleasure.] 

1. The fact or condition of being displeased or 
offended ; a feeling varying according to its inten- 
sity from dissatisfaction or disapproval to anger 
and indignation provoked by a person or action. 

a, 1484 Caxton Chivalry 81 Yre and dysplaysyre gyuen 
passion and payn to the body and to the sowle. 

. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VI, c. 57 Pream., All that that he 
hath doon to the displeasure of your Highnes. 1535 Cover- 
pate Nahum i, 2 The Lorde..reserueth displeasure for his 
aduersaries. ¢1§50 Cueke Matt. iii. 7 Who hath counceld 
to yow, to flie from y® displeasur to come? 1601 Suaks. 
All's Weil u. v. 38, 1 know not how I haue deserued to 
run into my Lords displeasure. 1769 Funius Lett. xv. 64 
The royal displeasure has been signified. 1828 Scorr 
a M, tg xvil, o Thou ody severe’ ont the Duke of Roth- 

» With an air ispleasure. 11 RoubE Hist, Eng. 
(2858) I. ii. 126 An fie ion of the displ of Heaven. 
Vou, III, 


[f. DispLeasE + -ER1.] 


489 


+b, phr. 70 take (a) displeasure: to take offence, 
take umbrage ; to be displeased. Ods. 

¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxvi. 96 She brought thene 
in remembraunce how swetly he had kyssed her, wherof 
she had take so grete a dyspleasure. 1513 Brapsuaw .S/. 
IVerburge 1. 1863, No man was greued nor toke dyspleasure 
At this sayd mayden. 1610 Suaks. Tem, 1. i. 202 Do 
you heare Monster: If I should ‘Take a displeasure against 
you: Looke you. 1633 Br. Hatt //ard Te.rts 536, I began 
to take displeasure against them for their wickednesse. 

+2. The opposite of pleasure; discomfort, un- 
easiness, unhappiness ; grief, sorrow, trouble. Ods. 

a. ¢1477 CAxTon Yason 7o Appollo .. considering the 
right grete displaisir in which they hadde ben, ..opened all 
the entrees. 1485 — Paris & V. 22, I shall deye ..for the 
grete desplaysyr that I have contynuelly in my herte. 

. 14.. Compl. Mary Magda. 272 Vhey have him conveyed 
to my displeasure, For here is lafte but naked sepulture. 
¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxxiv. 129 My sayd lady is in 
grete displaysure, & ceaseth not nyght nor day to wysshe 
hym wyth her. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1, 11 
Men .. Oppressed with pouerte, langour and dyspleasure. 
1632 Litucow 7vav. u. 66 He disappointed died for 
displeasure in his returne. 1630 LENNARD tr. Charron's 
Wisd. (1658) 24 ‘The humane receiveth from his body plea- 
sure and displeasure, sorrow and delight. a@1704 Lockr 
(J.), When good is proposed, its absence carries displeasure 
or pain with it. 1875 W. K. Ciirrorp Lect. (1879) II. 126 A 
feeling .. as distinct .. as the feeling of pleasure in a sweet 
taste or of displeasure at a toothache. 

+b. with @ and f/, An instance of this. Ods. 
GF rhb; 

c1gro Barciay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) Cj, Hauing for 
one pleasure displeasures eight or nine. 1542 Boorpr 
Dyetary viii. (1870) 246 It doth ingendre the crampe, the 

owte & other displeasures. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life 
Ga III. 338 A mutual Sense and feeling of each others 
Pleasures and Displeasures. 

3. That which causes or occasions offence or 
trouble; injury, harm; a wrong, an offence. arch. 

a, 1470-85 Matory Arthur 1x. xix, I dyd to hym no dis- 
pleasyre. 148 Caxton Myrv. 11. xiii. 162 Thus auenged 
he hym on her for the displaysir that she had don to hym. 

B. 1494 Fasyan Chron, vi. clxi, 154 Y° great daunger that 
he was in agaynste God for the dyspleasurys doon to hym. 
1534 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 124 They might 
..doe displeasure and execute theire malice upon the in- 
habitants. 1577 Hanmer Ane. Eccl, Hist. (1619) 364 He 
was..incensed, and promised to worke them a displeasure. 
tsgo Suaks. Com, Err, iv. iv. 119 Hast thou delight to 
see a wretched man Do outrage and displeasure to him- 
selfe? 1662 J. Barcrave Pope Alex, V1 (1867) 36 Antonio 
was still a thorn in his side, doing him all the displeasures 
he could. 1866 Howe ts Venet. Life 19 To do you a service 
and not a displeasure. 

+4. A state of unpleasant or unfriendly relations ; 
a disagreement, ‘difference’. Ods. 

sso J. Coxe Eng. § Fr. Heralds (1877) § 72. 81 Wyllyam 
Conquerour..upon certayne dyspleasures betwene hym and 
the french kyng, passed ..into Fraunce. 1568 GrartTon 
Chron. Il. 138 A displeasure and variance began to growe 
betwene the Constable of the Tower, and the Citizens of 
London. 1570-6 LamBarpve Peramé, A ent (1826) 215 During 
the displeasure betweene him and Earle Godwin. 

Displea‘sure, v. arch. [f. prec. sb.] trans. 
To cause displeasure to; to annoy; to displease. 

1540-1 Etyor /age Gov. 109 Hated be he of goddes and 
of men that would you displeasure. 1563 /Zomdlies u. Of 
Almsdeeds t. (1859) 387 He ..is both able to pleasure and 
displeasure us. 1625 Bacon E£ss.. Ambition (Arb.) 227 
When the Way of Pleasuring and Displeasuring, lieth by 
the Favourite. 1829 Sourney O. Newman vi, Not for 
worlds Would I do aught that might displeasure thee. 
1849 Wuirtier Marg. Smith's Frnl. Prose Wks. 1889 I. 25 
Our young gentleman, not willing to displeasure a man so 
esteemed as Mr. Richardson. 

+b. transf. Obs. 

1570 Dre Math. Pref. 24 Elementall bodies, are altered... 
and displeasured, by the Influentiall working of the Sunne. 

Displea‘surement. vare. [f. prec. + -MENT.] 
Displeasure. 

1882 Symonps Animi Figura 134 He Quailed ‘neath his 
Maker's just displeasurement. 

+ Displei'ted, 72. pple. Obs. [f. Dis- 6+ plete, 
Puart, PLeat v. + -ED.] Not marked with pleats 
or folds; free from folds. 

1619 Lusuincton Refetition-Serm. in Phenix (1708) II. 
484 The Kerchief so wrapt and displeited, as tho yet it had 
not been us’d; and yet so laid aside, as tho he would have 
come again. 

Displendour, v. zonce-wd. [f. di-=D1s- 7a 
+SPLENDOUR.] ¢vans. To deprive of splendour. 

1854 Syp. Dopett Balder xxiv. 165 Sole wandering, like 
an ted god—Displendoured, undeclared, but not 
unknown. | 4 a 

Displenish (displenif), v. Sc. [f. Dis- 6 + 
PLENISH v. to furnish: cf. DEPLENISH.] rans. 
To deprive of furniture or supplies of any kind; to 
divest of (farm) stock ; to disfurnish. 

1639 R. Batti Lett. (1775) I. xi. 166 Albeit we had got 
these two years a great store of arms .. yet we were .. sore 
displenished before. 1873 GrErK1E G?. ys Age i. 1 Large 
areas of forest-land had been displenished. 

Hence Disple‘nishing vé/.s.; also Disple‘nish 
sb., Disple‘nishment, the action of displenishing. 

Displenish(ing) sale (Sc.), a sale of farm stock and utensils 
at the expiry of a lease. 

1863 Montrose Standard 14 sp x Displenish sale of 
growing corn, 1864 N. Brit. Advertiser 21 May, Dis- 
plenishing Sale .. at Orbost, Isle of Skye .. Cattle, Stock, 
and Household Furniture. 1893 C. A. Mottyson Parish 
of Fordou 107 An important displenish sale. 

Displeyer, obs, form of DICE-PLAYER, 


DISPLUME, 


+Displicable, a. Ods. [ad. med.L. désplicé- 
dilis displeasing (Du Cange), f. L. dsplicére to 
DIspLEAsE, with Eng. suffix -ABLE.] Displeasing. 

1471 Ripcey Comp, Alch. Pref. in Ashm, (1652) 121 That 
never my lyvyng be to thee dysplycable. 

+ Displicence. Ols. [ad. L. désplicentia dis- 
pleasure, f. d¢ésplicére to DISPLEASE. Cf. the earlier 
DISPLACENCE.] Displeasure, dissatisfaction. 

1605 Bett Motives conc. Romish Faith 102 Durand saieth, 
the faulte is remitted in purgatorie, for the displicence of 
venials, which the soules haue in that place. 1648 W. 
Mounrtacug Devout Ess. 1. ii. § 2 (R.), Put on a serious 
displicence .. that they may not incurre this menace of 
Christ, ‘Woe be unto you that laugh now’. 1680 Baxter 
Cath. Commun.(1684) 16 Complacence is the first act of the 
will upon Good as Good .. Displicence is its contrary, and 
its object is Evil as Evil. 1736 H. Coventry Philem. to 
Hyd. (V.), Devotion towards heaven, and a general dis- 
plicence and peevishness towards every thing besides. 

Displicency (di'splisénsi). [fas prec. + -ENcy.] 
‘The fact or condition of being displeased or dis- 
satisfied; = Dispuacency. Self-displicency: the 
condition of being dissatisfied with oneself. 

1640 Bp. Reynotps Passions xxxi, 320 A selfe-displicency 
and severity towards our owne Erraurs. 1680 Baxter 
Cath, Commun. (1684) 20 Aquinas, Scotus, Ockam, Duran- 
dus..commonly ascribed Displicency, as well as Compla- 
cence to God. 1745 J. Mason Self Knol, 1, xvi. (1853) 119 
Complacency and Displicency in reference to the Objects of 
the Mind. 1816 Br. J. Jens Let. in L7fe lit. 523 It is not 
without self-displicency, and self-accusation, that I look 
upon..your letter, 1886 J. Warp in “ucycl. Brit, XX. 
70/2 (Psychology) ‘Vhe like holds where self-complacency or 
displicency rests on a sense of personal worth or on the 
honour or affection of others. 

Displiment. once-wd. [from compliment: 
ef. Dis- 9.] An uncomplimentary speech. 

1868 Heirs Realmah xvii, It was a high compliment: 
delicately veiled. . All my displiments (if I may coin a word 
for the occasion) are (when unmasked) highly complimen- 
tary. 

Displing, vé/. sb. and ffl. a.: see DISPLE. 

+Displode, v. Obs. [ad. L. displod-cre to 
burst asunder, f. Dis- 1 + planudere to clap.) a. 
trans. To drive out or discharge with explosive 
violence. b. zzév. To burst with a noise; to 
explode. Hence Displo'ded, Displo‘ding ppl. 
ads. 

1667 Mutton P. LZ. vi. 605 Rankt..In posture to displode 
thir second tire Of Thunder. 1704 Swiet 7. 7nd viii. 
(1709) 97 Fetching it .. in certain bladders, and disploding 
it among the sectaries in all nations. 1708 J. Puttirs Cyder 
1. 13 More dismal than the loud disploded Roar Of brazen 
Enginry. 1742 Younc V4. 7h. vi. 488 Like rubbish from 
disploding engines thrown, Our magazines of hoarded 
trifles fly. 1812 F. Jerrrey in Ldin. Rev. Nov. 332 The 
pent-up vapours disploded with the force of an earthquake. 

+ Displo'sion. és. [n. of action f. L. displod- 
eve, displos- to DispLopE; cf. Expnosion.] The 
action of disploding ; explosive discharge. 

1656 Biount Glassogr., Displosion, a breaking asunder as 
abladder. 1666 G. Harvey Jord. Angi. iv. 32 That im- 
petuous displosion of blood to a great distance. 1715-20 
Pore Iliad xvi. 904 note (Seager) After the displosion of 
their diabolical enginry. 1742 Younc N/¢. 7h. 1x. 793 As 
when whole magazines, at once, are fir'd..The vast dis- 
plosion dissipates the clouds. 1790 H. Boyp Ruins of 
Athens, With horrible displosion doom’d to shake The 
thrones of Elam, 

+ Displo'sive, a. Ods. [f. as prec. + -IVE; cf. 
EXpLosive.] That pertains to displosion or ex- 
plosive discharge ; eruptive. 

r7tx Deruam in Phil, Trans. XXVII. 276 Smoaking, 
Displosive..Matter, that causeth a new Eruption. . 

+ Displo't, v. Ods. [Dis- 6 or 7.] a. éér. 
To undo a plot or plan. b. trans. To dis- 


arrange. 

1600 Apr. Asnot Exp. Fonah 592 Which of these had not 
much leifer that all the state should be troubled, than his 
haire be displotted. 1683 CuaLknit, 7healma § C7. 29 Still 
his working brain Plots and displots, thinks and unthinks 
again. r 

Displume (displm),v. [f. D1s- 7a + PLuME 
sb.; but in Caxton prob. ad. obs. F. desplumer ‘to 
plume or deprive of feathers’ (Cotgr.).] 

+1. trans. Of birds: To cast (their feathers) ; to 


moult. Obs. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x1.i, Lyke as the fowles dys- 
plume theyr fethers and the trees theyr levys. 

2. To strip of plumes; = DEPLUME I. 

1623 tr. Favine's Theat. Hon. u. i. 63 Desirous to dis- 

lume ‘the great Romanic Eagle. a SwinsurNE Songs 

ef, Sunrise, Wastes where the wind’s wings break Dis- 
plumed by daylong ache And anguish of blind snows. 
b. transf. and fig. =DEPLUME 2. 

1606 Sy_vester Du Bartas u. iv. 1. Trophies 1347 Hum- 
blenes may flaring Pride displume. 1614 Jackson Creed 
ut. To Rdr. Avja, Academicall wits might displume them 
of these figge-tree leaues and manifest their nakednes to 
the world. 1856 R. A. VaucHan Mystics (1860) IL. x. ii, 
196 Fénélon, so pitiably displumed of all his shining virtues. 

Hence Displu'med /#/. a. 

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 250 Abundance of 
tame ducks, and a number of displumed geese. 1814 W. Tay- 
tor in Monthly Mag. XXXVIII. 440 A helmet dis- 

lumed overshades his gray hair. Yeap Sousa inQ. Rev. 

XXV. 139 His companion. .reported the vanquished and 
displumed condor to be still alive. 1883 Stevenson S7/- 
verado Sq. (1886) 5 ‘The displumed hills stood clear against 


the sky. 
. 620" 


DISPOINT. 


Dispnoea: see Dysprm@a. 

(e, obs. form of Despor, 

+ ‘nt, v.1 Obs. Also 5 des-, 5-6 dis-, 
dyspoynt. [a. OF. despointier, pointer (14th c. 
in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + -pointier in apointier 
to Appoint ; cf. obs. It. dispontare, dispuntare to 
disappoint (Florio). ] 

1. “rans. To dismiss (from an appointment), dis- 
card ; to deprive of. [OF. despointer de.] 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 171 b/1 Flaccus = hymself 
dyspoynted and mocked t torned oe hy = tes 
of A. uu. v. 175 Thoo that faille theyre Pig in ry be- 
err ought to be dyspoynted of the landes that they soo 


2. To disappoint, balk. Const. of 
1494 Fasyan Chron, v. ciii. 78 Cramyrus was thus dis- 
| gp one of the ayde of Conobalde. 1530 PatsGr. 521/1, 
dispoynt, or hynder him of his purpose, or I breake a 
tement with a person. 1534 More 7reat. Passion 
W 1313/1 Who so for goddes sake is contente to lacke an 
howse, shall not be dyspoynted dar they shoulde nede it. 
1535 Coverpate /s. xvili]. 13 Vp Lorde, dispoynte him & 
cast him downe. 1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. x1. (1567) 136, 
But Phebus streyght preuenting y® same thing, Dispoynts 
the Serpent of his bit, and turnes him into stone. 


Dispoi-nt, v.” rare. [f. Dis- 7a + Point sd, Cf. 


obs. It. dispuntare, mod. spuntare, Sp. despuntar 
to take off the point.) ¢vans. To deprive of the 
point. 


?26xx Sytvester Du Bartas u. iv. wv. Decay gos His 
hooks dispointed disappoint his haste. 

+ Dispointment. 0és. vare. In 5 des-. [a. 
OF. FE, Sec pa (15th c. in Godef.) : see Dis- 
POINT v.1 and -MENT.] Deprivation of or dismissal 
from appointment or office. 

1484 Caxton Curiall 5 They .. that ben hyest enhaunsed 
ben after theyr despoyntement as a spectacle of enuye. 

Dispoliate, -ation, var. ff. DESPOLTATE, etc. 

1607 Br. J. Kinc Serm, Nov. 24 Excommunicate, depose, 
dispoliate Eagle and Falkons. 1658 Puitutps, Dispoliation. 

Dispollu‘te, v. rare. [Dis-6.] trans. To 
free from pollution. 

1862 Sat, Rev. X1V.537/2 The Thames—to use their own 
recondite word—is not ‘dispolluted’. 1868 Standard 21 
Mar. 5/1 To combine the whole drainage system of London, 
so as to dispollute the Thames. 


Dispond: sce DEsponD. 


Dispondee (daispe” ndz). Pros. [ad. L. dé- 
spondeus, Gr. diondvbeos, f. Di- 2 + onovdeios 
SponpEg. (Also used in L. form.)] A double 
spondee. 

Be es Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dispondzus (in Grammar), 

ble Spondee, a Foot in Greek or Latin Verse consist- 
ing of Four long Sylables; as dratdrés. 1740 Dycue & 
Parvon, Disfondee, in Latin Poetry, . foot consisting of 
four long syllables, or two spondees. LoweELi Study 
Wind, (1886) 241 One has no patsbocs with the dispon- 
dzuses, the pwon primuses. 

Hence Disponda‘ic a., of or pertaining to a dis- 
pondee: cf. SPONDAIC. In recent Dicts. 

Dispone (dispdwn),v. Chiefly Se. Ods. exc. in 
legal sense 4. Also 5 des-, dyspone, dispoyn, 
6 disponde. [ad. L. dispine ‘re to set in different 
places, place here and there, arrange, dispose, f. 
Dis- 1 + ponére to place: cf. rare OF. disponer 
(Godef.). Dispoyn and disponde were dialectal 
variants, the latter possibly from OF. despondre. 
The Latin verb exists in It. as désfonere, dis- 
porre, in Sp. disponer, Pg. despor, and survived in 
OF. despondre. The latter was supplanted by des- 
poser, disposer, as shown under Dispose. Disponer 
was a learned adaptation of a#spond> 

+1. ¢rans. To set in order, arrange, dispose. Ods. 

€1374 Cuaucer Troylus iv. 936 (964) God seth euery ping 

- hem desponeth, bourgh his ordenaunce. AR- 
pour Bruce x1. 29 God . . dis — at his liking, a his 
ordinanss, all etd, 4 1533 Au Richt Vay (1888) 90 Lat 
vsz _— thy godlie wil quhilk disponis althing to our 

id. ARDE tr. ae Secr. = a it, and 
my in a panne or scillet, upon sifted ashes. 1 
aes tr. Canisius’ Catech, 107 Y® clerks .. to ome 
y® priests..to dispone y* people resorting to y® haly 

mysteries, 

+2. To dispose piyscaly or mentally /o or for 
ares: to incline. Ods. 

ynTouN Cron, 1X. xxvii, 328 As he dysponit h: 
Pode Ad agro Dovuctas KX. Hart 1. 58 Than Jouthheid 
said .. dispone 3ow with me ryde. 1553 Q. Kennevy Com- 
Tract. in Wodrow Soc. Misc. 4) 144 The Spirite 


of God, disponand every gude Christin man to be the mair 
able to kelp | the law of God. 1613 M. Rivtey Magn. 
Bodies 12 The Magneticall Inclinatory-needle ..is con- 


formed and disponed unto the Axis of the Earth. 
+3. To dispose of, give away, distribute. Ods. 
(In Wes _ dispond there is perh. confusion with d/spend.) 
seen ts § Inv. N, C, (Surtees 1835) 80 All yees goodes 
an Dada ob aforesaid I wyll my-son doo and dispoyn as 
he wol answer afore god. ¢1§00 Lancelot us His gudis al 
for to dispone also In his seruice. 1545 Wtdls & Inv. N.C. 


ora i 11 —— I me ng my Executoure to di 

ane all thynges for the healthe of my soulle. 1580 /éid. 
es I will that it be disponded Amongeste 

sown thre. 


+b. To i esi 4 out ( some object). 
1570 Br. or Ross in =} Poor Hist. Scotl. App. 67 67 The 
sums you writ for, to be disponit upon the furnishing of the 
Castle of Edinburgh, 


490 
4. Sc. Law, To make over, convey, assign, grant, 


officially or in 1 form. ro 
Lynpesa’ 8 Imprudent Prencis. 
cit all ries Ae Le 1560 in Tee 


Scot. (Seni. 397 The dans grace..is alread: 
to sundry men certain rowmes in these north part: 1639 
Meg. Hamitton £-xplan. aoe Oath 16 ‘All bie bishopricks 


vaicking .. shall be only disp 

ministers in the kirk. — Wodrow Pde (1843) il. 577 

Renae teat elans een 
e his t to it g 1832 Austin Furispr. (18 ‘IL 

li. 864 It is of the essence of _fiae Rents Forse) 1 

sently entitled may di ¢ the property. 186: W. ex. 


Dict. Law Scot. 292, ¢ disponer or maker of the deed 

‘sells and dispones’, or where the deed is tuitous, 

‘gives, grants, and dispones’, ~ subject of the deed to the 
receiver, who is technical led the disponee. 

+ 5. intr. or adbsol. 1 order matters, arrange, 
make disposition or arrangement. Odés. 

¢ 1500 Lancelot 1590 This maister saith, * How lykith god 
dispone !’ 1508 Dunsar Poems iv. 98 Sen for the deid remeid 
is non, Best is that we for dede [#.e. death] dispone. 1500-20 
a xxxvi. 13 ane thow hes space se thow dispone.. 
Thyne awin gud spend quhill thow hes space, a 1605 
Montcomerte Misc. Poems xxxiv. pf All lyes into 3our 
will, As 3e list to dispone. 

+6. intr. with of (on, upon): To dispose of, 
deal with. Ods. 

a. ©1374 Cuaucer Troylus v. 300 Of my moeble pow dis- 
pone Right as pe semeth best is fortodone, 1535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot. 111. 14 Of his tua sisteris first he wald dispone. 
1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot.(1768) 120(Jam.) No 
casualty could fall tothe King in Scotland but was disponed 
of by the advice of Cochran. 

b. 1546 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 474 (Jam.) It is vncertane 
how thai will dispone vpoun him, and quether thai will let 
him to liberte or nocht. 1639 J. Corner Ungirding Scott. 
Arm. 16 Yow spair not..to. .dispone upon the Kings forts 
and castles, as you think good, 1818 Scott Br. Lamm. v, 
The Laird of Bucklaw’s fine to be disponed upon, 1820 — 
Monast. xxxiii, To dispone upon the goods. 

Hence Dispo‘ned ///. a., assigned, conveyed, 
= over; Dispo:ning v/. sé., disposing. 

YB Rasrai L et eee Fewells Serm. 114b, The 

yng or disponing of any creature. 1823 Brown Hist. 

Brit Churches 1. iii. 72 These or higher superiors might 
seize on said disponed houses or lands for themselves. 

Disponee (dispoun7). Sc. Law. [f. prec. + 
-EE.]_ The person to whom property is conveyed. 

1746-7 Act 20 Geo. //, c. 50. § 12 A procuratory of resigna- 
tion in favour of such purchaser or disponee, 1773 Exskine 
Inst. Law Scot, 11. vii. § 3(Jam.) Such right, after it is 
acquired by the disponer himectf, ought not to hurt the 
disponee, 1863 Paterson Hist. Ayr II. 771 He purchased 
the regality of Failfoord from the disponees of Sir Thomas 
Wallace Dunlop. 

Disponent (dispownént), a. [ad. L. disponent- 
em, pr. pple. of disponcre : see Dispone,] Dispos- 
ing; inclining in a certain direction, or towards 
a particular end. 

1613 M. Riviey A/agn. Bodies 36 The disponent vertue 
of the Magneticall globe of the Earth, 1635 Swan Sfec. Mf. 
vi. § 2 (1643) 197 ‘he sunne is a disponent, though not 

roductive cause of this saltnesse [of the sea]. 1846 Sir 
w. Hamitton Diss, in Reia’s Wks, 771 Its exciting, dis- 
ponent .. cause. 

Disponer (dispa"na1). Sc. [f. Dispone v.] 

+1. One who disposes or arranges. Ods. 

1553 Q. Kennepy Compend. Tract. in Wodrow Soc. 
Mise. (1844) 151 The procuraris, d is and i 
of sick monsterus farssis. 

2. The person who conveys or makes over property. 

ax662 D. Dickson Pract. Writ. (1845) 1. 229 The da 
poner of the inheritance. 1773 {see Disroner). 1814 Scorr 
Wav. x, He possessed himself of the estate .. to the pre- 
judice of the disponer’s own flesh and blood, 1868 Act 
31-32 Vict. c. 101. § 8 All unrecorded conveyances to which 
the disponer has right. 

Disponge, var. form of DispunGE. 


Dageaibio, «- [f. L. dispin-cre to DISPONE 
+-BLE.] Capable of being dis ere or assigned. 

Hence Disponibility, capabili ty of being dis- 

poned; condition of being at one’s disposal. 

1862 7imes 6 Feb. 8/2 We are glad to have a Government 
in disponibility as well as one actually at work. 

Dispo pope (dispdu PR v. [D1s- 7b, Cf med.L, 
— re.) trans, To de iM of the popedom. 

H. Sypexnam Serm. Sol. Occ. (1637) 298 Whilst they 
endeavour to dis-pope her they woul gery all Chris- 
tendom., 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. III. 266 Albert was 
chosen Pope and ‘di d’ in the same day (Maratori 
says on et J ‘eNNYSON //arold 1. i. 70, | had my 
Canterbury pa’ lium | rom one whom they dispoped. 

e,v. rare, [Dis- 6; —_ F. dé- 
populariser.| trans, To deprive of popularit: 
og We Toon in Ann, oo. “hier A an diapocilin 

. to thwart and d 

‘pulate, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 6.) = 
DEPOPULATE. 

1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 198 Leauing it 
[the Cittie] seed downe and dispopulated, 

+ Dispopulo'sity. Ods. rare. [D1s-9.] Un- 
piouiomc tty on 

1632 Lirucow 7yavz. tv, 166 There is another reason of 
the dispopulosity of these parts. 

Disport (dispde "at, sb. sb. arch, Also 4-5 des-, 
5 dys-. [a. AF. disport, OF. desport, commonly 
oy ‘ disport, sport, pastime, recreation, pleasure’ 
(Cotgr.), f. desporter: see next. For'Sense 5, cf. 
Deport sé.] 


P P 1s 


DISPORT. | 
1. Diversion from serious duties; relaxation, re- 
creation ; entertainment, amusement. avch. 


hys dysport To make Florens cumfort. Barpour 
'ruce it, 586 Wes nane that euir disport m 
st , and fra rowyng. ¢1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's 
‘o Rome for to wende, Were it for or 


ae 
fer diegpet. — Merch. T. 680 Dooth hym — he is 


a_gentil man. ¢ Mavnpev. (18: He tak 
ag 4 op D ete e ~4 


be 
433 /1 Prayed . - that she myght hase . . hir suster wyth 
for hir dy 


tainment ; a pastime, game, s 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 2217 Tel me furst by py lay; wat dob 
3our men of fraunce; hure disport & ck hi 
c1400 Maunbev, (1839) iii. 17 A fair place fi 
ynges or _ other Pleyes and d es. 


+3. ee mirth, fun. Obs. 


¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prof. 138 Sikerly she was of greet desport, 
Pa plesaunt, pat phe of port. 1659 Hevuin 


| Animadv., in Fuller's Appeal (1840) 321 It was..a matter 


after. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) I. 117 Th A 

surround the drunken wight. 180 Stautr pois ¢ 

111. vi. 220 To the great amusement and disport of Gs gules 
spectators. 

+4. The making sport of. Obs. rare. 

1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 159 King Sesostrio. .caused 
four captive Kings to draw his Coach. .he prided his incon- 
stant Fortune, in the desport of their Vassalage. 

+ 5. Bearing, ca . deportment. Obs. rare 

1761 Sterne 77, Sh ly IV. xxii, I — myself .. 
such fanciful guise of cardan disport, that right sore om 
1 ashamed now. 

(disp6ezt), v. Forms: 4-5 desporte, 
5-6 dys-, 5- dis-. [a. AF. desporter (Bozon), 
OF. desporter, depporter, usually deporter, to divert, 


of no mean disport amongst the Varvara for a Tong. time 


amuse, please (Godef.); ref. ‘to cease, forbeare, 
leaue off, giue ouer ; also to disport, play, recreate 
himselfe, passe away the time (Cotgr.); f. des-, 


Dis- 1 + porter iL. portare to carry, bear. For 
the sense ‘ divert, amuse’, cf. the similar develop- 
ment of F, divertir, déduire, the notion being that 
of turning, leading, or carrying away the attention 


from serious or occu) a 
+1. trans. To divert (from sadness, ennui, or the 


like) ; to amuse, to entertain. Ods. 


cr Cuaucer JT roylus ww. (724) nen here 
comflrten . And with here Reagh: : dea By Age 


disporten 
Gowns Con os PL 1.75 ane prs Rh wif conforted 
alle weies 1430 Lypc. a B ence 15 


in]s, quinces, ben al pont to  teout, 
pis se corns to ‘o recomfort. 1638 Sir T. enw Pe, 
(ed.2) forces Barames to weare womens 
with a Distaffe in’s hand to disport the insult! aioe 
eS /bid. (1677) 12 Well I remember that all way we 
. we were disported by Whales. 

2. rae To disport oneself: to cheer, divert, 
amuse, or enjoy oneself ; to — oneself pleasur- 
ably ; now es. to play wantonly, frolic, gambol, 
tet to display oneself sportive 

Cuaucer L. G. W. 1441 HG bey 
Ms: ‘o saylyn to that lond hyn Le c 
Mavnpev. (Roxb.) xxxiv. 154 = Whe sitt.. Goris to 
Moth @1/: Go dis- 
felowes. Sua 
Hen, VI, w.v.8 
Powe) handing thle way way a 
or Hawtn. //ist. a s. (1711) 104 Whilst he dis- 
ported himself at 7 cout of France. 1742 Warsurton 
Comm. Pope's Ess. Man Wks. 1811 X1, 142 having dis- 
rted himself at will, in the flowery paths of fancy. 1879 
Brennonn Pat fag ag 77 ye Sepuatia themselves 
in the water, 1887 Bowen V; 
Sicilian measure was well 
3. intr. (for refl.) = prec. 
1480 Caxton Chron, Se ma py ‘cel (xqta)aby ed a 


+. come in to englond "Ther ath 
and to aay lg Sinus 2 i 


disporting on 


RUMM, 


irg. vi. 2 My Muse in 


un eae eK ocaneeutannsell Lae 
bee drunken. 1712-14 Pore fan Lock 1, 66 Where ligh 
disports in nee ayes, ee Gert 


W; 1. iii, The fla 
oa nken: 1847 J. Witsox “i ord fx sis) HH a its 21 "See 
the cubs disporting at the mouth of 


7s. ? To deport oneself. Ods ar 


Loneuicu Kate-9 xxxvi, 281 “At them} table 
Iset - was, and _ re hym al that day As a man 
that In letargye 


+8. tran, ? To divert, or tum away. Obs. rare. 
1450 Paston Lett, No. 122. 1. The lay of oier and 


shall holde at Norwich on Moneda t 
SA ates cag govt lt pe 


- of his comyng to the 


DISPORTATION. 


at 


ho an ouerb 


+Disporter. ds. [ c : 
One who makes sport or jests ; a jester, juggler. 
tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 31 Bledgarec..callede god 
of disporters [Higden deus joculatorum). ; 
Hence + Dispo'rteress, Ods., a female jester. 
¢ 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode w. xxxvi. (1869) 194, I thouhte 
she was a jowgleresse and a disporteresse to folk. 
porting, v/. sé. [f. Disportv. + -1NG1.] 
The action of the verb Disporr; diversion, amuse- 
ment; sportive action, gambolling. 
1s6x T. Hopy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer 1. B, Their ac- 
customed trade of disportinge and ordinary recreations. 
1593 T. Watson 7ears of Francie xxvi. Poems (Arb.) 191 It 
my Mistris once to take the aire Amid the vale of 
e for her disporting. 1809 W. Irvinc Anickerd. u. iv. 
(1849) 102, I must fain resign all poetic disportings of the 
fancy. 1887 L. Ouirnanr Lfisodes 149 The clumsy dis- 
portings of a baby elephant. 


(Disporting (K., from Prynne), misprint of 


dispoiling, Desportine in Act 1 Hen. VII. c. 6.] 

ispo'rtive, @.7ave. [f. Disport v. + -1VE; 
cf. sportive.] Inclined to disport; sportive. Hence 
Dispo'rtively adv., in sport. 

1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. 739(MS.) Abel to him calls 
The sons of Cain disportive from hisside. 1793 J. WiLttams 
Auth, Mem. Warren Hastings 48 Nero disportively made 
Innocence and Merit bleed. 1810 Alorning Herald 30 Apr., 
Tinting the cheeks of their royal brethren, disportively, as 
they passed. 1813 T. Bussy Lucretius 1. 353 The fleecy 
breed. .on the joyous grass disportive feed. 


Dispo‘rtment. [f.as prec. +-MENT.] Diver- 
sion, amusement ; = Disport sd. 

1660 H. More Myst. Godt, 81 With their obscene gestures 
and meretricious disportments. /d/d. 150 ‘The enjoyment 
of those disportments and pleasures. x National V6b- 
server 13 Jan. 221/1 The old-style novelist plunged into 
a Bohemia of love and debt and disportment. 

Disposabi'lity. [f. next+-1ry.] The quality 
of being disposable ; ability to be disposed of. 

1830 Examiner 67/1 The disposibility of the person by 
Government has obviously been the only point considered. 
1833 Mraser’s Mag. VII.655 What can bring back the com- 
mand and disposability of back-rents, while the present 
national debt remains. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 352 
The ultimate security—-on whose disposability in the last 
resort..the very existence of Society depends. 

Disposable (dispézib’l), a. Also 7 dispos- 
ible, 8-9 disposeable. [f. Dispose v. + -ABLE.] 

1. Capable of being disposed or inclined ; inclin- 
able (¢o something), rare. 
| 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 113 That the aire be naturally 
inclined to the art, or easily disposible thereto. 1880 [im- 
plied in DisposaBLENESsS: see below]. 

2. Capable of being disposed of; that may be 
got rid of, made over, or dealt with in some way ; 
capable of being put to some use, available; at 
(some one’s) disposal. 

7643 Prynne 7reachery & Disloyalty, etc. v. 85 (R.) Most 
of the great officers..are hereditary, and not disposable by 
the king. a1679'T. Goopwin Is, II. 1v. 124 (R.) Hisown 
mercy and grace .. the riches thereof are disposable no way 
but to the use and benefit of creatures. 1796 Burke Regic. 
Peace u. Wks. VIII. 252 The great riches .. easily afforded 
a disposeable surplus. 1812 WELLINGTON Disf. 26 Oct. in 
Examiner 23 Nov. 740/2 A very large proportion .. would 
be dis ble for service. 1856 Masson £ss., Story of 1770, 
233 They were more coe asliterary ware. 1886 Law 

ep. 31 Ch. Div. 276 There must be some disposable pro- 
perty under the settlement. 

Hence Dispo'sableness. 

1880 H. Macmittan in Sund. Mag. Mar. 173 A disposable- 
ness of mind which fits us to take part in any duty. 

Disposal (dispduzal). [f. Dispose v. + -au 5.] 
The act or faculty of disposing, in various senses. 

+1. The action of arranging, ordering, or regu- 
lating by right of power or possession; control, 
direction, management ; esf. Divine control of the 
course of events ; ordinance, appointment, dispen- 
sation; =DIsposition 3. Ods. 

1648 Mitton Tenure Kings (1650) 3 God, out of his provi- 
dence and high disposal. 1671 — Samson 210 Tax not 
divine dispos 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth (1722) 8 An un- 


usual and miraculous disposal of things. 1710 M. Henry 
Comm. Eccl. iii. it God changeth his disposals and yet is 
in his Cc 


Cc 

2. The action of disposing of, putting away, get- 
ting rid of, settling, or definitely dealing with. 
1648 Gace West Ind. xiv. 93 A Letter which he had writ 
on ig the disposall ur p 1688 Col. Rec. 
Pennsylv. 1, 235 Touching y* Great Seal’s Disposall in his 
absence. 1731 Gay Let. ee ir Apr. in Swift's Lett. 
(a7 “w anes a the _ : of an enon. 

'° ‘ARKES Pract. Hygiene (e 505 The disposal 

of the dead is always a anaes of diecalty. 1885 Law 
Times UXXX. 138/1 To devote about a week .. at the end 
of each sitting to the disposal of these actions. 

3. The action of bestowing, giving, or making 
over ; bestowal, assignment. 

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 265 To his second 


Son he had given the Seniory .. with other subsequent dis- 
posals. 1727 Pore 7h. Var. Sudj. in Suifi's Whe (1755) 


491 


II. 1. 229 To use his credit in the disposal of an employment 
to a person .. fittest for it. 1783 Burke Sf. L. /udia Bill 
Wks. IV. 120 The disposal by parliament of any office de- 
rived from the authority of the crown. : 

b. Alienation, making over, or parting with, by 
sale or the like. 

1697 Dampier Voy, I. 503 To sell some commodities, that 
he had not yet disposed of... He chose rather to leave the dis- 
posal of them to some Merchant there. 1845 SrerpHen Laws 
Eng. (1874) 11. 44 The right of disposal is suspended. a 1855 
Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Life (1870) I. v. 118, I am 
happy that the speedy disposal of the pictures will enable 
you. .to settle this unpleasant affair. 

4. Power or right to dispose of, make use of, or 
deal with as one pleases; control, command, 
management: usually in phr. at (272) one’s disposal. 

1630 WapswortH Pi/gr. viil. 82 My Father being dead, 
and I at my owne disposall. 1667 Br. S. Parker Censure 
Platon. Philos. 7 Though the biggest portions of our 
felicity be at our own disposals. a 1698 TempLe Ess., Diff. 
Cond. Life Wks. 1731 1. 308 A Man in Publick Affairs, is 
like one at Sea; never in his own Disposal, but in that of 
Winds and Tides. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 154 P3 A very 
pretty young Lady, in her own Disposal. 1767 Biackstone 
Comm. 11. 216 The lords, who had the disposal of these 
female heiresses in marriage. 1856 Froupe //ist. ng. (1858) 
1. i. 84 Sufficient funds having been. . placed at the disposal 
of the Government. 

5. Arrangement, placing in a particular order : = 
DISPOSITION I. 

1828 Wenster s.v. Disposal, This object was effected by 
the disposal of the troops in two lines. 1842 / raser's Jay. 
XXVI. 472 The admirable disposal of the drapery. 1890 
A. Gissinc Village Hampden 1. viii. 190 A very tasteful 
disposal about the granary of flowers. .and evergreens, 

Dispose (dispdz), v. Also (5 dispoose, dis- 
poyse); 5-6 dys-, 6-7 des-. [a. OF. dispose-r, 
rarely desp- (12-13th c. in Hatzf.), f. L. dés-, Dis- 
1+ foser to place, lay down (see Pose, KEPOSE) ; 
substituted for L. dzsponcre (which came down in 
OF. as despondre: see DIsponr), by form-associa- 
tion with inflexions and derivatives of the latter, as 
dispos, disposition, etc. Cf. CoMPOSE, DEPOSE.] 

I. Transitive senses. 

1. To place (things) at proper distances apart and 
in proper positions with regard to each other, to 
place suitably, adjust; to place or arrange in a 
particular order. — 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 109 (Matz.) Pe citee .. is 
disposed pat pe water pat falleb dounward .. no fen makeb 
and rennep into cisternes. ¢ 1391 CHAUcER A stro/. 1. § 21 
The sterres .. ben disposed in signis of bestes, or shape like 
bestes. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VI (an. 3) 87 b, Or the 
Frenchmen had either desposed their garrison, or appoynted 
their lodgynges. 1576 FLeminc Panofpl. Epist. 257 Direc- 
tions and precepts, how you should order and dispose your 
studies. 1590 SPENSER /. Q. U1. viii. 26 Words, well dispost, 
[vimes ghost, bost, most] Have secrete powre t’ appease in- 
flamed rage. 1628 Sir J. Beaumont Bosworth F. 659 This 
done, these valiant Knights dispose their Blades. 1628 ‘I. 
Spencer Logick 248 Precepts, which teach vs, to dispose 
arguments in a Syllogisme. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. //ist. 
Earth Pref., Vhe said Terrestrial Matter is disposed into 
Strata or Layers. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 412 ?7 ‘The 
different Colours of a Picture, when they are well disposed, 
set off one another. 1777 W. DatrympLe 7rav. SP. & Port. 
xxvi, The town is situated on a rising ground and hand- 
somely disposed. 1790 Parry //ore Pau. i. 7, 1 have dis- 
posed several instances of agreement under separate numbers. 
1885 A thenxum 23 May 669/1 Verdurous masses of foliage 
and sward disposed with great simplicity and breadth. 

b. To put into the proper or suitable place; to 
put away, stow away, deposit ; to put (a number of 
things) each into the proper place, distribute. Now 
rare. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. v1. 206 The xxxth day x pounde 
hony dispose In it wel scommed first, and use it soo. 1574 
tr. Martorat’s Apocalips 7 Seuerall Churches, which are 
disposed in euery towne & village, according as mans 
necessitie requireth. 1606 SHaks. 7%. & Cr. Iv. v. 116 His 
blowes are wel dispos’d there, Aiax. 1662 J. Davies tr. 
Mandelslo's Trav. 183 The Gold and Silver is lock’d up in 
Chests, and dispos’d into the Towers of the Castle. //d. 
256 No man but hath at least two wives, but dispos’d into 
several huts. 1685 Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 356 His 
majesties standing forces .. are disposed into severall parts 
of this Kingdom. 1725 PorE Odyss. xi. 87 The chearful 
mates Safe in the hollow deck dispose the cates. 1834 
Mepwin Angler in Wales Il. 258 A dying lamp was dis- 
posed in a niche of the wall. 

+c. gen. To dispose of, deal with in any way. 

3590 MartowsE 2nd Pt. Tamburl. w. i, Then bring those 
‘Turkish harlots to my tent, And I’ll dispose them as it likes 
me best. 

+d. To place ina particular employment, situa- 
tion or condition ; to assign, appoint. Ods. 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 132 A gentleman that hath 
honest and discreet seruants dysposeth them to the encrease 
of his segnioryes, one he appointeth stewarde of his courtes, 
an other ouerseer of his landes. 1662 J. Davirs tr. Man- 


delslo's Trav. 190 All the handsome young Damosels .. to 


be dispos’d into his Ladies service. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
we & ut. 768 Ye Gods, to better Fate good Men dispose. 
*+ 2. To regulate or govern in an orderly way; to 
order, control, direct, manage, command. Ods. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. xviii. (1495) 42 els 
mare “ae theym ie. nites of pees ane . mir and 
‘spose theym. ¢ voc. Ain. Poems (1840) 149 (Matz. 
That Christ pie so the ball , hat Pets 
ship be with no tempest drownyd. 1530 Patscr. 521/1, 
I wyll dis this mater as I thynke best. 1581 Savite 
Tacitus’ Hist, 1. 1xxvii. (1591) 43 Otho. .disposed the affaires 


DISPOSAL. 


of the Empire. 1618 Cuarman Hesiod’s Georg. 1.211 [They] 
were such great fools at that age {a hundred years] that 
they Could not themselves dispose a family. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. 1. 246 Be it so, since hee Who now is Sovran can 
dispose and bid What shall be right. 16 7 Hare Prim. 
Orig. Man. 1. i. 34 A Regent Principle,..which may govern 
and dispose it as the Soul of Man doth his Body. 

+3. To assign or deliver authoritatively. Ods. 

1382 Wyciir Luke xxii. 29 And I dispose to 30u, as my 
fadir hath disposed to me, a rewme. 1548 toa etc. 
Erasm. Par. Matt. i. 21 And I will dispose a newe testa- 
ment to the house of Judas. 

4. To bestow, make over, hand over; to deal 
out, dispense, distribute ; = d/spose of (sense 8). Obs. 

c1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 20 (Matz.) The wiche 
gyfte they goodly han disposed. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 38 
If ony come ovir to dispose it in dedys of charite and 
almesse. _ 1530 Patscr. 521/1, I dispose goodes to dyvers 
folkes, fe distrifue. 1623 Wuitpourne Newfoundland 89 
Hauing disposed away such fish and traine oyle as they 
take there in the Summer time unto merchants. 1679-88 
Sec Serv. Money Chas. 11 & Fas. [1 (Camden) 81 To the 
Bp. of London, to be by him disposed to the poor distressed 
inhabitants of the city ..in respect of the extreme hard 
weather. 1681 R. SHELDON Let, in Wood Life (1848) 250 
Her father hauing sent her two or three [copies] to dispose 
amongst her friends. 1710 Hartey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 
u. IV. 263 The places will be speedily disposed, and the 
chiefest will fall to the share of the Duchess of Somerset. 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 243 ‘The enjoyment during 
life, and the power of disposing to whatever person and in 
whatever manner she pleased. 

5. To put into the proper frame or condition for 
some action or result; to make fit or ready ; to fit, 
prepare (/o do, or ¢o or for something); vefl. to pre- 
pare oneself, get ready, make preparation. arch. 

¢1375 in Red. Ant. 1. 41 It techeth thee how thou schalt 
dispose the to almaner of goode lyvynge. ¢ 1386 Crraccer 
Friar’s T, 361 Disposeth ay youre hertes to withstonde 
The feend.  ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn li. 196 Blanch- 
ardyn .. dysposed him self for to retourne ayen toward 
Tormaday. 1538 Srarkry England u. i. 161 Certayn 
remedys .. wych..schal meruelousely dyspose the partys 
also to receyue cure and remedy. 1576 Fremine /anofl. 
Epist. 62 Vherefore will we dispose our selves to suffer, 
1629 A. Baker in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. LIT. 257 That the 
prolonging of your daies maie be a meane to dispose you 
for the better departure, when it shall please God to call 
you. 1697 Drypren Virg. Georg. w. 214 He knew For 
Fruit the grafted Pear-tree to dispose. 1815 W. ‘T'ayor in 
Monthly Rev. UX XVII. 513 Those missionaries who are dis- 
posing themselves to visit the Syrian churches. 1819 Bykon 
Proph. Dante 1. 43 All things are disposing for thy doom. 

+b. To make suitable, adapt, suit. Ods. 

1602 Marston Ant, & Jel. Induct. Wks. 1856 I. 3, I but 
dispose my speach to the habit of my part. 1736 Butter 
Anal. 1. Conclusion 410 Assistance, which nature enables, 
and disposes and appoints them to afford. 

e. To bring into a particular physical or mental 
condition: in fa. pple.; see DISPOSED 2, 3. 

6. To put into a favourable mood for (some- 
thing); to give a tendency or inclination to; to 
incline, make prone (/o something, or 40 do some- 
thing). 

a. To incline the mind or heart of ; pa. pple. in- 
clined: see Disposep 4. Also adsol. 

¢1340 [see Disposen 4]. c1430 Stans Puer 4 in Babees Bh. 
27 Dispose hou bee aftir my doctryne To all nortur pi corage 
to encline. 1g09 Pater noster, Ave, & Creed (W. de W.) Aij, 
A ryght profytable treatyse .. to dyspose men to be ver- 
tuously occupyed in theyr myndes & prayers. 1653 Mirron 
Hirelings Wks. 1738 1. 562 Wherof I promis'd then to speak 
further, when I should find God disposing me, and oppor- 
tunity inviting. 1735 BerkELey Def. Free-think. in Math. 
§ 7 Wks. 1871 III. 305 Not that I imagine geometry dis- 
poseth men to infidelity. 1781 Ginson Decd. & F. IIT. 51 
‘The respectful attachment of the emperor for the orthodox 
clergy, had disposed bim to love and admire the character 
of Ambrose. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sh. (1873) IL. 1. i. 29 
Circumstances which could not favourably dispose the Hun 
to new overtures. 

b. To impart a physical tendency or inclination 
to; pa. pple. inclined, liable: see DIsPosED 5. 
Also adsol. 

c1380 [see Disposep 5]. c 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840 
197 (Matz.), Satourn disposith to malencolye. 1599 H. 
Buttes Dyets drie Dinner F viij, In olde time they ate 
Lettuse after supper ..to dispose them selves to sleepe. 
1682 Sir IT. Browne Tracts (1684) 45 The great Mists and 
Dews .. might dispose the Corn unto corruption. — 17: 
Arsutunot Ades of Diet 291 Such a state disposeth the 
Humours of the Body to Heat. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom. 
Amusem. 18 Smoke dissolves the gelatine, and disposes the 
meat to rancidity. 

II. Intransitive senses. 

7. To make arrangements; to determine or con-, 
trol the course of affairs or events; to ordain, 
appoint. 

Esp. in proverb Man proposes, (but) God disposes [tr. 
‘Homo proponit, sed Deus disponit,’ A Kempis De /mita- 
tione 1. xix,). ‘ F 

1382 Wyciir Acts vii. 44 The tabernacle of witnessing was 
with oure fadris in desert, as God disposide to hem. 1388 
— Rev. Prol., Therfor God the Fadir .. disposid with the 
Sone and the Hooli Goost to schewen hem, that me dredde 
hem the lesse. a Alexander 279 Hym .. that shall 
best dispoyse for pe publyke wele. ¢1q4g0tr. De /imitatione 
1. xix, Ffor man purposip & god Le . C1500 Melusine 
xxxvi. 265 As the wyse man saith, ‘the fole proposeth & god 
dyspotheth’. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V, (an. 8) 70 To dis- 
pose for the nedes of the foresaied realme. 1634 SanDERSON 
Serm. II. We havea proverb. .‘man th, but God 
disposeth*, 1718 Prior Power 842 "Tis who must dis- 
pose, and man sustain. 

62*-2 


DISPOSE. 


+b. To settle matters, make terms. Oés. 

1606 Suaxs. Ant. § CZ. 1v. xiv. 123 For when she saw..you 
did suspect She had dispos’d with Czsar, and that 
rage Would not be tae she sent you word she was dead. 

8. Dispose of (with indirect passive fo be dis- 
posed of): +a. To make a disposition, ordering, 
or arrangement of; to do what one will with; to 
order, control, regulate, manages =sense 2, Spec. 
in Astrol. (see quot. 1819). Obs. 

1566 Gascoicnr, etc. Yocasta ut. ii. in Child Four Plays 

1848) 209 You may of me, as of your selfe ae’ gre 1582 

. LIcHEFIELD tr. Castanheda’'s Cong. E. Ind, \xxiii. 151 
From this time forward you may dispose of your selues, 
and do what you shall think best. 1599 Suaxs. Hen. I’, 
ut. iii. 49 Enter our Gates, dispose of vs and ours, For we 
no longer are defensible. 1648 Bury Wills (Camd.) 200 
Not time to dispose of theire affaires. 7 RYDEN St, 
Exuremont’s Ess. 349 By this, Mistresses dis; of their 
Old Lovers to their Fancy, and Wives of their Old Husbands. 
1819 J. Witson Compl, Dict. Astrol. s.v., A planet disposes 
of any other which is in its house: thus, if h were in J he 
would be disposed of by 2/. In horary questions, it is a 
sign that the thing or person signified by the planet so 
disposed of, is in the power or interest ef the planet (or 
those whom it signifies) that disposes of it. 

b. To put or get (anything) off one’s hands; to 
put away, stow away, put into a settled state or 
position; to deal with (a thing) definitely; to get 
rid of; to get done with, settle, finish. In recent 
use sometimes sfec. to do away with, ‘settle’, o1 
demolish (a claim, argument, opponent, etc.) ; 
also humorously, to make away with, consume 
(food). 

1610 Suaxs. Temp. 1. ii. 225 Of the Kings ship, The 
Marriners, say how thou hast disposd. 16: . Haywarp 
tr. Biondi’'s Eromena 32 Vhe King was.. laid in his bed, so 
would the Ladies have likewise disposed of the Queene. 
1666 Perys Diary 16 Aug., It was so pleasing a sight to see 
my papers disposed of. 1773 Gotpsm. Stoops to Cong. 1, 
I'm disposing of the husband before I have secured the 
lover. 1841 Sores Brigand xxvi, Bernard de Rohan must 
be met and disposed of at the sword’s point. 1863 A. J. 
Horwoop Vearbks. 30-31 Edw. / Pref. 10 The very words 
of the Judges in disposing of the cases are set down, 1867 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1. iv. 253 Several daughters, 
who were of course well disposed of in marriage. 1873 
Tristram Afoab x, 175 ‘The discovery .. seems to dispose 
of the claims of these Dhra’as to be Biblical sites. 1879 
F. W. Ropinson Coward Conse. u. vii, Tom disposed rapidly 
of two glasses of sherry and the. .sandwiches. 1885 Sir R. 
3aGGALLAY in Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 879 The observa- 
tions made by the Master of the Rolls sufficiently dispose 
of that contention. 1885 A/anch. Exam. 10 July 5/1 The 
Northern team, batting first, were disposed of for 192. 

e. To make over or part with by way of sale or 
bargain, sell. 

1676 Deed Trin. Coll. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 
II. 521 It shalbe lawfull for .. him .. to dispose of the said 
two Chambers..to any other beside his kindred, 1704 Mrs. 
Ray in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 207, I do intend to dis- 
pose of Mr. Ray's books. 1774 Foote Cozeners u. Wks. 
1799 II. 173, I am to be disposed of by private contract. 
1843 Borrow Bible in Spain 273 A large edition of the New 
‘Testament had been almost entirely disposed of in the very 
centre of Spain. 1891 Law Vimes XC. 283/1 ‘The plaintiff 
was..in possession of two diamond rings which he wished 
to dispose of, 

+d. To make fit or ready :=sense 5. Ods. 

1655 Futier Waltham Abby 13 He. -acquainted him with 
his dying condition, to dispose of his soul for another world. 

+9. Dispose upon or on; to dispose of (see 
prec. band c). Sc. Ods. 

1632 Lirucow Trav. 1v. 166 The lands they .. dispose 
upon to valerous Souldiers. 1639 Drumm. or Hawtn, 
Answ. to Obj. Wks. (1711) 214 To give up the person of 
their prince, to be disposed on as a stranger nation shall 
think convenient. 1640-1 Airkcudbr. War-Comm, Min, 
Bk, (1855) 67 ‘To use and dispose upon the tymber. 1778 
W. Rosertsone Let. in J. Russell /Haigs xii, (1881) 374 
This visit will give you an opportunity to dispose upon 
oxen}; if you have not already done it. 

+10. Dispose with : to dispose of (see 8c), Obs. 

1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's 7rav. wv. 8 For his particular 
he had no power to dispose with any part of the booty. 

Dispo'se, sb. Ods. or arch. [f. Dispose v.] 
The action or fact of disposing: in various senses. 

+1. Arrangement, order; = Disposition 1. Ods. 

1603 Hoitann Plutarch's Mor. 646 He observed in all 
points a singular order and dispose, 

+2. The action of ordering ; ordinance, appoint- 
ment; direction, management: = D1sposaL 1, Ods. 

x6rx Sreev Hist. Gt. Brit. vit, xxi. § 2 (R.), Such is the 
dispose of the sole disposer of empires, that the: have their 

risings, their fuls, and their fals. x Mitton Samson 1746 
* Oft we doubt What the unsearchable dispose Of Highest 
Wisdom brings about. ‘ 

+3. Power or right to dispose of something, or 

deal with it at one’s will; control; =Drsposat 4. 

Esp. in phr. a¢ (7, etc.) one's dispose (very, common 

1600-1730). Ods. 

1590 Suaks. Com. Err. 1, i. 21 His ss confiscate to the 
Dukes dispose. 1 Martowe & Nasne Dido vy. ii, Ye 

‘ods, that..order all things at your high dispose. 1610 

OLLAND Camden's Brit. 1. 325 Fie was under the dispose 

of the Generall of the Footemen. 1628 T’. Spencer Logick 

21g Man is at Gods dispose, and all the other Creatures 

are at Gods, and mans, 1631 Werver Anc. Fun. Mon. 115 

Left to the dispose and pleasure of the King. 1690 Dry- 

pen Don Si ian v. Wks. 1883 VII. His life’s in my 
dispose. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1. 733 Ro Fate's su 

dispose the dead resign. 1742 Ricarpson Pamela 11. 209 

‘Yhen you'll have some time at your own Dispose, 


492 
+4. The action of bestowing, making over, or 
dealing out; bestowal, distribution’: Dispose 


v. 4, Disposal 3. Obs. 

1sor Greene Maiden's Dreame Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 310 
No man went emptie from his frank dispose, He was apne 
bearer ynto the 1606 HoLtann Sueton. 261 What 
he thoght of the dispose of the inces. Mar- 
vet in Collect. Poems 249 Neglecting to call for any 
Account of the Dispose of the said ‘T'reasu’ 

+5. Mental constitution or inclination; frame of 
mind; =Dusposirion 6. Ods. 

1606 Suaxs. 77. & Cr. 1. iii. 174 He.. carries on the 
streame of his dispose .. In will peculiar, and in selfe ad- 
mission. 1609 Row.anps Anane of Cliubbes 15 Meeting 
with one iust of his owne dispose, With him he plotted to 
escape his foes. 1628 Laup IVs. (1847) I. 173 * Peace’ 
stands for a quiet and calm dispose of the hearts of men. 

b. External manner ; air; pose. rare. 

1601 7 Marston Pasguil & Kath. 1. 105 More Musick’s 
in thy name, and sweet dispose, Then in Apollos Lyre, or 
Orpheus Close. 1604 Suaxs. Ofh. 1. iii. 403 He ha 
person, and a smooth dis » To be ere cong 1875 
Browntnc Jun Album 21 At the haught highbred bearing 
and dispose. 

Disposed (dispds-zd), pf/. a. [f. vb. +-ED!.] 

1. Arranged, appointed, prepared, suitably placed, 
or situated, etc. : see DISPOSE v. I, 5. 

14.. Lypc. Secrees 423 Your dispoosyd fate. 1526 Pilgr. 
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 73 In a prepared or dis) soule 
he maketh y* fyrst beame of loue to shyne. 1 Baxter 
Saving Faith vi. 40 Adams soul was created in a Disposed 
or prepared Eody. 1663 J. Srencer Prodigies (1665) 73 
The figure and glory of the Sun drawn by its own beanis 
upon a disposed cloud. 1867 Smyru Sailor's Word-bk., 
Disposed Quarters, the distribution when the camp is 
marked about a place besieged. : 

+2. a. In a (specified) physical, esp. bodily, 
condition; in a (good or bad) state of health ; 
conditioned. b. Having a (particular) bodily con- 
stitution; constituted. ¢@. aéso/. In good health 
or condition; not zwdisposed. Obs. 

cr Cuaucer Manciple's Prol. 33 Thy breeth ful soure 
stynketh, That sheweth wel thou art nat wel dispos 
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 222 It wole make a man yuel 
disposid & feuerous. 14) Matory Arthur vu. xxvi, 
He is as fair an handed man and wel disposed as ony is 
lyuynge. 1477 Caxton ¥ason 54b, The weder was softe 
and well disposed. 1488 — Chast. Goddes Chyld. 21 Dyuerse 
men fallen in to dyuerse feuers after he is dys d. 1577 
Fenton Gold. Epist. 234 Whiche made hir ie disposed, 
and hir minde liuely. 1590 Sir J. Suytu Disc. Weapons 
in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 51 Thousands of the lustiest 
and dispost sort of English people. 1662 Newcome Diary 
(Chetham Soc.) 39, I was somew't aguishly disposed all this 
day. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 35 When the Air 
is so disposed, as the Stars do .. look bigger .. it is a great 
Prognostication. 3 pan 

8. Having a (particular) mental constitution, dis- 
position, or turn of mind. ‘tb. adso/. Well dis- 
posed, having a favourable disposition (quot. 1577). 

¢ 1430 Lyvc. Hors, Shepe & G. 207 Alle folke be nat [lyke] 
of condicionis, Nor lyke disposyde in wylle, thought, and 
deede, 1481 Caxton A/yrr. ul. xiii, 165 Neuer shal the 
euyl disposed man saye well of that he cannot wel vnder- 
stonde. 1564 Godly Admon. Decrees Council Trent title-p., 
Wrytten for..godlye disposed persons sakes. 1577 Fenton 
Gold, Epist. 242 The one disposed, the other frowarde. 
aes pet 2 Hen, V1, 11.1. 76 Seemes he a Doue? His 
feathers are but borrow'd, For hee’s disposed as the hatefull 
Rauen, 1639 Lp. Dicy Lett. conc. Relig. iv. 85 A man so 
disposed as..to leap at once from England to Rome. » 
Sreete Zatler No. 78 ? 13, I require all sober dispowed 

rsons to avoid meeting the said Lunatick, 1863 Fr. A. 

eMBLE Resid. in Georgia 24 He is remarkably good- 
tempered and well disposed. 4 

4. Inclined, in the mood, in the mind (40 do 
something, /o or for something), Also with adverh, 
In a (particular) mental condition or mood ; we// 
or ill disposed: favourably or unfavourably inclined 
(to, towards, + for). See Dispose v. 6a, 

¢1340 Hamrove Prose Tr. ix. 24 Othir gosteli occupa- 
cions after that thei fele hem disposed. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer 
Clerk's T. 651 To tempte his wyf, as he was first disposed. 
1430 Lypc. Min, Poems (1840) 159 (Matz.) Som man of 
herte disposed to pryde. ¢ Caxton Sonnes of Aymon 
xxii. 476, 1 am dysposed for to doo the worste that I can 
agenste hym. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., That suche as 
be disposed maye come to heare ‘ods worde. 1596 Suaks. 
1 Hen, LV, DOLE desk aA ad ‘ortune is dispos'd to vs. 
1659 B. Harris arival's Iron Age 288 Who would have 
believed, that many should needs be well disposed for the 
King of Scots? 171 Appison Sfect. No. 542 P 
be more severe upon myself than the pub is d to 
be. 1828 D'Isracii Chas, /, 1. v. 103 The French Cabinet 
was strongly disposed for a Spanish war. 1892 GARDINER 
Stud, Hist. Eng. 17 He was more disposed to defend the 
Empire than to extend it. i f 

+b. e/lipt. Inclined to merriment ; in a jocund 
mood, Oés. 

1588 Suaks. L. L. Z. 1. i, 250 Come to our Pauillion, 
Boyet is disposde. 1593 Peete Chron. Edw. /, 125, | pray 
let go; Ye are dispos'’d I think. @16x6 Beaum, & FL, 
Custom Countrey 1. i, You are dispos'd. 

5. Having a physical inclination or tendency (¢0 
something, or 70 do something); inclined, liable, 
subject. See Dispose v. 6b. 

¢ 1380 Wyciir Se/. Wks. 111, 68 Pe see ..is moore, and 
neer hevene, and moore disposid to take lizt. 1398 ‘Trevisa 
Barth. De P. R. xix. xii. (1495) 889 Saltnesse .. makyth 
[flesshe] the lesse disposyd to corrupcion. 1541 R. Cortann 
Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., To what diseases is y’ bladder 
disposed? .. It is dysposed to opylacyons. 1758 A. Ret tr. 
Macquer's Chem, \, 12 All similar substances have an 


DISPOSING. 


¢x610 Sin J. Mexvit. Mem, (1735) 100, 1. said, the 
Pibecyhog hy igen geen 4p ry Nant 


(dispou-zédnés), [f. + 
rs ‘The quality or state of being oh sso 


inclination, disposition. 
1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. \xix. 423 Lo here .. the 
signe yt we be wel di: d beforeh d. and thisdi dn 


is as a white vnwritten paper. 
Cwxsar 1. vii. 66 i i 


Der. w. xxx, His ion for her .. had left a certain dull 
di ness wide «. had prompted in him a vacillating 
notion of marrying her. t 

+ Disposee’. rare. [f. Dispose v.+-EE.] One 
to whom something is ‘disposed’ or made over. 

1826 Bentuam in Westm. Rev. V1. 464 For a correlative 
to it [disposer], an obvious term is disposee. 

+ Dispo'sement. 0%s. [f. Dispose v. +-MENT.] 
The action of disposing ; disposition, disposal. 

a Sruspes Anat. Abus. u. (1882) 56 As though t os 

the world and the disposement thereof in their own 
hands. a@1679 IT. Goopwin Ws. IL. 1v. 54 (R.) This order 
and disposement of these two several sentences. /éid. 156 
Above all such extrinsical contri and disp 

Disposer (dispdwza1). [f. as prec. + -ER "] 
One who or that which disposes, in various 
senses. 

1. One who arranges or sets in order. 

1624 Worron Archit. Pref. (J. s. v. Gatherer), 1 am_but 
a gatherer and disposer of other mens stuff. 1677 Gace 
Crt. Gentiles U1. 1. Proem. 12 The mind of man .. is the 
orderer and disposer both of notions and things. a 1693 
Urounart Rabelais 1. xxxiii. 278 Disposers of cooling 
Shades, Com: rs of green Arbours. 

2. One who regolates or governs; a controller, 
manager, director, ruler; see DISPOSE v. 2, 7. 

¢ 1586 C’ress Pemproke /s. Lxxxu. vi, Of all the earth 
king, judge, disposer be. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 1v. 635 My 
Author and Disposer, what thou bidst U ‘d I obey; 
so God ordains. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 66. 1/2 The inten- 
rea - bora — Disposer. = pager ph ene Relig. 

1782) Il. x he .. sovereign disposer thin; 

Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 476 Mind was the yell | 
cause of all. a 

3. One who distributes or dispenses ; a dispenser: 
see DISPOSE v. 4. 

1526 Pilgr. Pot (W. de W. 1531) 40 Se that thou be 
founde a true meke and faythfull disposer of the treasure of 
thy lorde god. 1526 Tinpate 1 Cor. iv. 1 Ministers of 
Christ and disposers of the secretes of God. a 1672 Graunt 
Bill of Mortality (J.), The magistrate is both the 
and the disposer of what is got by begging. 1802 Lp. 
Expon in Vesey’s Rep. VU. 74 When money is rag to 
a charity, without expressing W Charity, King 
is the disposer of the Charity. P , 

4. One who or that which disposes or inclines to 
something: see Dispose v, 6. 

1864 Vamuery Trav. Centr. Asia 2 The coolness of the 
night in Persia is a great disposer to slumber. 

8. One who disposes of something : see v. 8. 

1606 Suaxs. 7. & Cr. ut. i. 95 With my disposer Cressida. 
eo Locke Govt. u. vi. ( ig.) 75 Free di: of them- 

ves and fortunes. 1706 Prior Ode fo Queen 113 ‘The 
peg pry gape elegy Be oF ge a 
it Mar, 9/2 price 
offered the transaction is settled, A 

Hence Dispo'seress, a female disposer. 

1648 Hexnick Hesfer., Bencolick (1869) 260 And Lallage 
. Shall be disposeresse of the 

, vdl. sb, [f. Disrose'v. + -1NG }.] 
The action of the verb Dispose... 

1. Arrangement, suitable or orderly placing ; see 
Dispose v1. (In Peey 1630, ‘ Get-up’, attire.) 

¢1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ut. xxvii, After 
diuers disposynges of men and after sundry states .. are 
dyuers exercises in worchyng. 1§70 Gotpinc tr. Chytranus 
(title), Postill, or Orderly Certeyne k 
usually read in the Church, . Fohnson's Kingd. § 
Commw., 91 Come, behold the beauty of our Ladies, 
and their disposing at a night of solemnity. 1712 J. James 
tr. Le Blond's ing 117 Figures and Fountains .. 
whose Diversity, as well in the disposing, as in what they 
consist of, yields a very agreeable Prospect to the E 

2. Ordering, control, management, disposal. 

E. E. Wills (1882) 13 Seruauntys, at the Dysposyng 
of ‘Thomas Roos. ALSGR. 214/1 Disposyng, adminis- 
tration, 1611 Bite Prov. xvi. 33 lot is cast into the 
lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. 

R. Genrius tr, Malvessi’s Chiefe Events 203 Those.. 
be at the Dutchesses disposing. “Artif. Handsom. 50 
margin, An heart unsatished with works and disposings. 

3. Bestowal, dis: , expenditure, 

1638 Dx. Hamutton in //, Papers (Camden) ead inten- 
tiounes uhich your Mat! might. .haue had for th 
of thatt place. Trin. Coll, in Willis & Clar 
Cambridge (1886) Il. 520 The free disposeing of the said 
two Chamb to such p .,as hee shall appoint. 175% 
Lawetye Westm, Br. 67 Frugality in the disposing of pul 


lick Money. 

4. The action of making ready or inclined ; pre- 
paration ; disposition, inclination: see 2. 5, 6. 

¢1380 Wyciir Sérnt. Sel. Wks. I, 175 Yit disposyng 
dwellib in hem to make hem penke amys. 14.. — 


Secrees 1206 Phebus causith yng to gladness. x 
Buste Prov. xvi. 1 The (marg. disposings) of 
the heart. .are from the > 


DISPOSING. 


Dispo'sing, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 
That disposes, in various senses: see the verb. 

Of (in) disposing mind or memory: so sound in mind and 
memory as to be capable of making a will. 

1627-77 Fectuam Resolves . x. 15 Surely God that made 

isposing Nature, knows her better, than imperfect man, 

Bury Wills (Camden) 200 In full vnderstanding and 
memory, and of a disposeing and testamentary mind. 1649 
Ibid. 220, 1 Mary Chapman .. being in disposeing memorie. 
1797 Burke Will in Was. (1842) 1. 38, I, dmund Burke .. 
being of sound and disposing mind, do make my last will 
and testament. 1803 Cuenevix in PAil. Trans. XCIII. 304 
Disposing affinity, and assimilation. ; A 

Hence Dispo'singly adv., in a disposing way. 

1625 Br. Mountacu Affeale to Cesar i. ix. 94 Christians 
doe hold and beleeve it too, [Deum ire per omnes) but dis- 
posingly, etc. in his providence. 

mp peter v. Obs. rare. [f. L. disposit- ppl. 
stem of disponére to dispose: perth. immediately 
after dsposition.] trans. To dispose, incline. 

1661 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. xiv. (1665) 81 Some constitutions 
are genially disposited to this mental seriousness. 

+ Dispositate, v. Obs. rare. [erron. form for 
DeposiratE, through confusion with Dispose v.] 
trans. To deposit. 

16s0 Howe t Girafi’s Rev. Naples 1. 44 Two boxes full 
of Gold .. were taken and dispositated upon account in the 
Kings bank. 

Disposition (dispozi:fan). [a. F. dzsposttion, 
OF. also -céon (12th c. in Littré), ad. L. désposi- 
tion-em, n. of action from désponére to DISPONE. 
Not derivationally related to Dispose, but asso- 
ciated with it from an early period in OFr., by 
contact of form, and adoption of -goser as virtual 
representative of L. -ponére: cf. CoMPosITION.] 

I. The action or faculty of disposing, the con- 
dition of being disposed. 

1. The action of setting in order, or condition of 
being set in order; arrangement, order; relative 
position of the parts or elements of a whole. 

1563 W. Furke Meteors (1640) 24 It comes of the divers 
disposition of the clouds. 1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. Annot., 
In the natural disposition of numbers thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5- 
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth ii. i. (1723) 156 The 
Disposition of the Strata. 1713 Swirt /renzy of F. Denny 
Wks. 1755 III. 1. 139, I then took a particular pias & Ola. 
the furniture and disposition of his apartment. 1756 Burke 
Subl. & B. u. xii, Stonehenge, neither for disposition nor 
ornament, has anything admirable. 1827 Steuart P/anter's 
G. (1828) 15 Single Trees and Bushes, in groups and open 
dispositions. 1865 Geixte Scen. § Geol. Scot.vi. 122 Looking 
at the disposition of the Highland glens and straths. 

+b. Relative position; situation (of one thing). 
Obs. 

1541 R. Cortanp Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg., Where is the 
dysposicion of the yerde? 1712 Pe James tr. Le Blond’s 
Gardening 99 That..the Tracing-Pin be constantly held in 
the same Disposition, without varying its Point. 1750 tr. 
Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 102 Effestis .. being opposed to 
the Sun, kindles Fire in Matter put in a Disposition for it. 

e. Rhet. and Logic. The due arrangement of 
the parts of an argument or discussion. 

1509 Hawes Past, Pleas. x. i, The second parte of crafty 
Rethoryke Maye well be called Disposicion. 1553 T.WiLson 
Rhet. (1567) 82a, Inuencion helpeth to finde matter, and Dis- 
posicion serueth to place argumentes. 1628 T. Spencer 
Logick 13. 1788 Howarp Roy. Cyc. 11. 715 Disposition, in 
Logic, is that operation of the mind, whereby we put the 
ideas, operations, and arguments, which we have formed 
concerning our subject, into such an order as is fittest to 
gain the clearest knowledge of it, to retain it longest, and 
to explain it to others in the best manner ; the effect of this 
is called method. 

d. Arch.,etc. The due arrangement of the several 
parts of a building, esf. in reference to the general 
design : see quots. 

1624 Wotton Archit, (1672) 14, I may now proceed to the 
Disposition thereof [i.e. of the matter], which must form the 
Work. 1706 Pxitiirs (ed. ner Disposition. .in Archi- 
tecture, is the Com placing of all the several Parts of a 
Building, according to their proper Order, c¢ 1850 Rudint. 
Navig. (Weale) 115 Disposition; a draught or drawing 
representing the several timbers that compose the frame of 
the ship, so that they may be properly disposed with respect 
to the ports, &c. 1876 Gwitr Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Dis- 
position, one of the essentials of architecture. It is the 
arrangement of the whole — by means of ichnography 
(plan), orthography (section and elevation), and scenography 
(perspective view). 1886 Wittis & Ciark Cambridge I11. 
247 ‘The general inclosure within walls, the disposition into 
courts. all have their ies..in the ic buildi 

e. Mil. See 2b. 

2. Arrangement (of affairs, measures, etc.), esp. for 
the accomplishment of a purpose; plan, prepara- 
tion; condition or complexion of affairs. 

_ 1382 Wyctir Prov. xxiv. 6 For with disposicioun me goth 
in to bataile ; and helthe shal ben wher ben many counseilis. 

= Saks. Ofh. 1. iii. 237, 1 craue fit disposition for m: 
Wife..With such Accomodation and besort As leuels wit 
her breeding. 1712 BupcEti Py No. 404 P 1 In the 
Dispositions of ety, the civil Oeconomy is formed in 
a Chain as well as the natural. 1736 Butter Azad. Introd. 
Wks, 1874 I. 8 To judge what particular disposition of 
things would be most..assistant to virtue. 1814 tr. KZaf- 
roth's Trav. 3 My dispositions for the journey would soon 
have been completed. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 317 
To observe .. those secret dispositions of events which pre- 
pared the way for great changes. ‘ 

_b. Mil. The arrangement of troops in prepara- 
tion for a military operation: a. (from sense 1) 


493 


their actual arrangement in the field; 6. (from 
sense 2) their distribution, allocation, destination, 
etc. ; p/. military preparations or measures. 

1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 37 Having viewed the ill 
disposition of the Campe. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 
(1827) II. 1v. 257 The Persian troops had been used to 
engage 24 men in depth, but Cyrus thought fit to change 
that disposition. 1776 Ginpon Dec?. §& F. 1. xxiv. 684 The 
military dispositions of Julian were skilfully contrived. 
I Stuart in Owen Wedlesley’s Desf. 116, 1 have made 

isposition to defend my position. 1849 Macautay //ist. 
Eng. 1. 605 Having observed the disposition of the royal 
forces. 1878 Bosw. SmitH Carthage 242 Fabius made 
all his dispositions to repel the attempt to force a passage. 

ce. Naut. (See quot.) 

1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Disposition, the arrange- 
ment of a ship’s company for watches, quarters, reefing, 
furling, and other duties. 

3. Ordering, contro], management; direction, 
appointment; administration, dispensation; = D1s- 
POSAL I. (Cf. DISPOSE v. 2, 7.) arch. 

©1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 477 (526) O god pat at pi dis- 
posicioun Ledest be fyn by Iuste purueyaunce Of euery 
wyght. 1382 Wyctir 2 Chron. xxili. 18 Forsothe Joiada 
sette prouostis in the hous of the Lord .. after the disposi- 
cyoun [1388 by the ordynaunce] of Dauid. 1520 Ca-rton's 
Chron. Bas. v. 56b/2 ‘To submytte hym to the dyposycyon 
of God. 1530 Patscr. 214/1 Disposytion, disposition, 

‘ovuernement, ordre. 158% N. IT. (Rhem.) Acts vii. 53 
Vho receiued the Law by the disposition of [so 1611: 
as it was ordained by (warg. ov, as the ordinance of)] 
Angels, and haue not kept it. 1661 Bramuate JFust Vind. 
ii. 6 Which things by the just disposition of Almighty God, 
fell out according to the .. desires of these holy persons. 
1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IL. xii. 262 This seemed to me 
to be a disposition of Providence. 1841 Myers Cath. 7h. 
ut. § 14. 53 Inexpressibly thankful to receive this Law by 
the disposition of Angels. 

4. The action of disposing of, putting away, get- 
ting rid of, making over, etc. (see DISPOSE v. 3) ; 
bestowal; sfec. in Law, the action of disponing ; 
bestowal or conveyance by deed or will. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 269 She [i.e. Nature] preferreth no 
degree As in the disposicion Of bodely complexion. ¢ 1532 
Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1065 Touchyng the disposi- 
cion of is goodnes [ses dens) after his deth. 1577-87 Ho1in- 
SHED Scot. Chron. (1805) I1. 340 The disposition of officis 
vacand. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 497 ® 2 The wanton dis- 
position of the favours of the powerful. 1795 WytneE Decis. 
Virginia 5 His wife could make no disposition of the personal 
estate. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 292 A disposition is 
an unilateral deed of alienation, by which a right to property, 
either heritable or moveable, is conveyed. 1884 Six J. Bacon 
in Law Rep. 27 Ch. Div. 47 The point which is said to remain 
for disposition when the case is heard. 

b. Power of disposing of; disposal, control : 
esp. in phrase at (27, etc.) one’s disposition ( = D1s- 
POSAL 4). 

1374 Cuaucer Troylus vy. 2 Aprochen gan the fatal 
destyne That Ioues hath in disposicioun. 1406 £. £. Wills 
(1882) 13 At the dysposicion of myn Executours. 1529 Cot. 
Wotsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 11. 12 Yf I may have 
the free gyft and dyssposycion of the benefyces. 1673 
Tempte Ess. Jreland Wks. 1731 I. 110 The Lieutenants 
of Ireland since the Duke of Ormond’s Time have had 
little in their Disposition here. 1776 Gisson Dect. § F. 1. 
xii. 255 The choice of action or of repose is no longer in 
our disposition. 1860 Trencu Serm. Westm. Abd. ili. 31 
[He] had at his disposition no inconsiderable sums of money. 

I. The way or manner in which a thing has 
been disposed, or is situated or constituted. 

+ 5. Astrol. a. The situation of a planet ina horo- 
scope, as supposed to determine the nature or for- 
tune of a person, or the course of events. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 699 Astrology, Quhar-throu 
clerkis .. May knaw coniunctione of planetis ., And of the 
hevyn all halely How pat be disposicioune Suld apon 
thingis virk heir doune. c1386 Cuaucer Ax?’s 7. 229 Som 
wikke aspect or disposition Of Saturne. cr MartowE 
Faust. Wks. (Rtldg.) 88/1 A book where I might see all .. 
planets. .that I might know their motions and dispositions. 

+b. The state of being ‘disposed of’ (see Dis- 
POSE v. 8a). Ods. 

1647 Litty Chr. Astro. \xxxii. 447 See if the more pon- 
derous Planet of the two, that is, the receiver of the Dis- 
position be in any angle but the fourth. 

+c. The nature or constitution of a planet or 
sign, in relation to its alleged influence or effects, 

c 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prof. zor Mercurie loueth wysdam 
and science And Venus loueth ryot and dispence. And for 
hire diuerse disposicioun, Ech falleth in otheres exaltacioun. 
1393 Gower Conf. III. 114 His nativite Hath take upon 
the proprete Of Martis disposicion. 

6. Natural tendency or bent of the mind, esf. in 
relation to moral or social qualities ; mental con- 
stitution or temperament; turn of mind. 

Possibly of astrological origin: cf. the description of 
—— as saturnine, jovial, martial, venereal, mer- 
curial, 

r Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 113 (Matz.) Nou3t by 
chaungynge of body, but by chaungynge of disposicioun of 
wit and of semynge. 1393 Gower Cozf. III. 19 After the 
disposition Of glotony and dronkeship. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 
z f suche prophesies and influence of the seide constel- 
lacions might trew, yet .. havyng a clene soule, may 
turne the contrarie disposicion that jugement of constel- 
lacion or prophesies signified. 1576 FLeminc Pauopl. Epist. 
266 Men of honeste and vertuous disposition. ' 1678 WANLEY 
Wond. Lit. World v. ii. § 81. 472/2 A man he was of a 
fierce, bloody, and faithless disposition. 2719 J: Moore 
View Soc. Fr. (1789) 1. xvii. 128 Congenial with the phlegm 
and saturnine dispositions of the English. 1837 WHEWELL 
Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 108 The belief.,that the motions 


DISPOSITIONED. 


of the stars, and the dispositions and fortunes of men, may 
come under some common conceptions and laws. 1841 
James Brigand i, His disposition was naturally cheerful 
and bright. 

7. The state or quality of being disposed, inclined, 
or ‘in the mind’ (40 something, or 40 do something) ; 
inclination (sometimes = desire, intention, purpose) ; 
state of mind or feeling in respect to a thing or 
person ; the condition of being (favourably or un- 
favourably) disposed ¢owards. (In pl. formerly 
sometimes = Mental tendencies-or qualities ; hence 
nearly = sense 6.) 

1393 Gower Con/. III. 62 They take logginge in the town 
After the disposition Where as him thoughte best to dwelle. 
1461 Paston Lett. No. 408 II. 35 If thei do it of her owne 
disposicion. 1§26 2iler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 11b, He 
requireth but onely a disposicyon in the persone .. that he 
be repentaunt. 1600 SHaxs. A. ¥. ZL. 1v. i. 113 But come, 
now I will be your Rosalind in a more comming-on dis- 
position. 1625 Meape in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IL]. 199 
Those .. that know best her dispositions are very hopefull 
his Majestie will have power to bring her to his own 
religion. 1690 Locke H/um. Und. u, xxiii. (1695) 156 
Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry. 1754 
Cuatuam Lett, Nephew iv. 28 Go on, my dear child, in the 
admirable dispositions you have towards all that is right 
and good. 1832 Hr. Martineau Life in Wilds ix, 121 
There was a general disposition to remain. 1887 Ruskin 
Preterita I. 253 A pleasant disposition to make the best 
of all she saw. 

+b. A frame of mind or feeling ; mood, humour. 

1726-7 Swirt Gulliver 1.1.31, 1 rose up with as melan- 
choly a disposition as ever I had in my life. 1749 Firtpinc 
Tom Fones x. iii, Vhe footmen. .were in a different disposi- 
tion. 1764 Foote /Pa‘ron m. Wks. 1799 [. 356 If he is 
admitted in his present disposition, the whole secret will 
certainly out. 

+ 8. Physical constitution, nature, or permanent 
condition. Ods. 

1477 Caxton Y¥ason 41b, If ye juge the disposicion of 
my body after the colour of my face ye be gretly abused. 
1sss Even Decades 29 Rather by the disposition of the 
earthe then constitucion of heauen. 1576 FLeminc /anofé. 
Epist. 365 Considering the weake disposition of your bodie. 
1635 N. Carrenter Geog, Del, 1. xiv, 224 Hippocrates 
pronounced the people of the North to be of a leane and dry 
disposition, 1726 Leoni A dberti’s Archit. 1. 3/2 A constant 
unchangeable Disposition of Air above all the rest of the 
World, 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chent. (1814) 261 The 
disposition of trees may, however, be changed gradually in 
many instances. 

9. Physical aptitude, tendency, or inclination 
(40 something, or Zo do something). 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R.t. xix. (1495) 65 To make 
the wytte of smellynge perfyte it nedyth to haue..good 
dysposicions in the nosethryllis. 1541 R. CopLaxp Gadyen's 
Terap. 2 Aiij, We shall treate in this present boke the 
dysposycyons which augmenteth the vicere. 1552 HuLorT, 
Disposition to slepe or wake, cataphora. 1654 Z. Coxe 
Logick (1657) 32 Disposition. .sometimes it is largely used 
for all fitness to anything .. as when water waxeth warm, 
it is said to have a disposition to heat. 1791 Hamitton 
Berthollet’s Dyeing 1.1. 1. i. 120 The different dispositions 
of wool, silk, etc. to unite with the colouring particles. 
1804 AbERNETHY Surg. Obs. 97 The disposition to form 
wens prevails frequently in many parts of the body at the 
same time. . 

+b. Aptness or capacity for doing something ; 
aptitude, skill. Ods. rare. 

1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 27 Yet did he admire their 
order. .their disposition to handle the pike, and their strict 
obedience. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ., Montriud (1775) 1. 
37 You can shave, and dress a wig a little, La Fleur !—He 
had all the dispositions in the world. 

+10. Physical condition or state ; 
bodily health. Ods. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 103, I foond pe sike of bettere 
disposicioun. .& he spak bettere. 1541 R. CorLanp Gadyen's 
Terap. 2Bivb, Of other viceres wherin no corrupte affection 
or dysposition (that the Grekes call Cacoetes) is adioyned. 
1598 GreNEWEY Zacitus’ Ann. vi. vi. 130 Cocceius Nerua 
.. being in perfect disposition of body, resolued with him 
selfe to die. x6xx Cortcr. s.v. Habitude, L'habitude du 
corps, the estate, plight, liking, or disposition of the bodie. 
1633 ‘I’. Starrorp Pac. Hib. xxx. (1821) 506 Being surprised 
by an ill disposition of health, 1732 ArsutHnot Rides of 
Diet 370 An inflammatory Disposition of the Coat of the 
Nerve. ae : 

+b. Normal or natural condition (of mind or 


body). Obs. rare. (Cf. indisposttion = deranged 


condition.) 

[c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 58 As soone as a membre is 
brou3t to his kyndeli disposicioun.] 1581 Perris Guaszo's 
Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 19 ‘This solitarinesse is profitable and 
necessary for the disposition of the minde, so verie often is 
it hurtfull to the health of the bodie, 1632 J. Haywarp tr. 
Biondi’s Eromena 36 The Pilot, seeing him restored to his 
disposition, caused [etc.]. 

Disposi'tional, 2. rare. 
Relating to disposition. 

1846 Worcester cites J. JouNSON. 

Dispositioned (dispozi‘fond), ppl. a. [f. as 
prec.+-ED*.] Having a (specified) disposition or 
turn of mind. 

1646 Satrmarsu Smoke in the Temple 27 Not so unlike 
and contrary dispositioned and natured as you pretend. 
1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 88 Happy in a sweet 
disposition’d, and a modest wife. 1767 H. Brooke Fool of 
Quad. (1859) II. 150 (D.) Lord Clinton was indeed sweetly 
dispositioned by nature. 1804 J. Larwoop No Gun Boats 
An Assassin .. dispositioned for midnight murder. 1826 
R. H. Froupe Rem, (1838) I. 31 A stumbling-block in the 
way of good-dispositioned men. ‘ : 


state of 


[f prec. + -AL.] 


DISPOSITIVE. 


i itive (dispg'zitiv), a. (st.) [In Caxton 
a. F, dispositif, -ive (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. 
L. type *disposttiv-us, f. disposit-us, pa. pple. of 
disponére to Dispose: see-1VE, In later use prob. 
immed. from L. or on L. analogies.] 
A. adj. +1. Characterized by special disposi- 
tion or appointment. Ods. rare. 


1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 127 b/1 It issaid that thys lyght 
was dispositif sodayne and celestyall. 


2. That has the or of disposing or inclining : 


often opposed to effective, and so nearly = prepara- 
tory, conducive, contributory: cf. B. 1. 

x612 W. Sciater Chr. Strength 13 Papists .. allow to 
nature a power dispositiue, and ability to prepare it selfe to 
regeneration, 1616 Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Counc. Trent 
(1676) 222 They did. .deny all effective or dispositive virtue 
in the Sacraments. 1624 F, Wuite Refi. Fisher 546 Some 
causes are dispositiue, adiuuant, or impetrant. 1710 J. 
Norris Chr. Prud. ii. 80 That which makes a man act 
Prudently.. (in a remote and dispositive sense). 1894 7adblet 
20 Jan. 86 This new learning continued, by a sort of dis- 
positive logic, to educate the English mind. ; . 

3. Having the quality or function of directing, 
controlling, or disposing of something ; reiating to 
direction, control, or disposal. 

Dispositive clause (Sc. Law): the clause of conveyance in 
a deed, by which the disposition of the property (see Dis- 
POSITION 4) is expressed. 

1613-18 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 
the power of King Edward to collate [the Crown]. .by any 
dispositiue and testamentary will. 1 BaTES Duty of 
Resignation (R.) Without .. his dispositive wisdom and 
power, the whole frame would disband and fall into con- 
fusion. 1726 AyLiree Parergon 28 Sentences wherein 
dispositive and enacting Terms are made Use of. 1832 
Austin Furispr. (1879) IL. xliv. 781 When [the law] leaves 
a certain latitude to the parties, it is called dispositive or 
provisional; being to take effect only in case no disposi- 
tion is made by the parties cheney! 1861 W. Beir 
Dict, Law Scot, 294/2 All the other clauses of the deed are 
merely auxiliary, or subservient to the dispositive clause, 
to which they are intended to give effect. 1868 Act 31-32 
Vict. c. 101 Sched. B. No.1 After the inductive and dis- 
positive clauses, the deed may proceed thus. 

+4. Of or pertaining to natural disposition or 
inclination. Ods. 

1656 Artif. Handsom. 84 Not to be reduced to any rules 
or bounds of reason and religion ; no, not under any inten- 
tionall piety, and habituall or dispositive holinesse. 1681 
Baxter Afol. Nonconf. Min. 124 Want of dispositive 
willingness or of a right will. 

+ B. sb. Obs. rare. 

1. Something that disposes or inclines ‘sce A. 2). 

1629 H. Burton Babel no Bethel 33 Vheir faith [is] but as 
a preparative or dispositiue to justification. 

2. A dispositive document, law, or clause (see 
A; 33; 
677 Terie Let. fo Coventry Wks. 1731 IL. 431 There 
was one essential Default in the very Dispositive ; which 
was, The Omission of that Clause. 

Dispo'sitively, av. ? Ols. 
In a dispositive manner. 

+1. By way of or in regard to disposition, inclin- 
ation, or tendency: opposed to effectively, actually ; 
sometimes nearly = Potentially. Ods. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 50 If a constellacion or prophesie signi- 
fied that suche a yere .. there shulde falle werre, pestilence 
or deerthe of vitaile to a contree. .it is said but dispositiflie 
and not of necessitie or certente. ¢1624 LusHincton Resurr. 
Serm. in Phenix (1708) U1. 489 Not to organize the body 
(it was not dismembred nor any way corrupted, not so pete 4 
as ‘in fieri’—no, not dispositively). 1630 Donne Serm. 
(1632) 39 Prayer actually accompanied with shedding of 
teares, and dispositively in a readines to shed blood .. in 
necessary cases. 1646 Sir ‘l’, Browne Pseud. Ef. ui. ix. 124 
That axiome in Philosophy, that the generation of one thing, 
is the corruption of another, although it be substantially true 
concerning the forme and matter, is also dispositively veri- 
fied in the efficient or producer. 1651 BAxTER Inf. Bapt. 92 
It is sufficient that the Parent be virtually and dispositive y 
at present a Believer. 1666 Bove Orig. Hormes & Qual, 
(1667) 32 If there were no sensitive Beings, those Bodies 
that are now the Objects of our Senses, would be but dis- 
positively, if 1 may so speak, endowed with Colours, ‘l'asts, 
and the like, and actually but onely with those more 
Catholick affections of Bodies, Figure, Motion, Texture, &c. 

+2. Ina way that disposes. Oés. 

1592 R. D. Hyfnerotomachia 81 And thus touched with 

leasant heates ;. they began to boyle and kindle my colde 
— and dispositively to adopt my altered heate to sincere 
love. 

+ 3. At the disposition of some controlling power. 

1616 R. Carrenter Past, Charge 42 Euery instrument 
worketh dispositively at the command of the principall 


ent. 
“Dispositor (dispp’zitas), Astrol. [a. L. dise 
positor disposer, arranger, agent-n. from disponere: 
see Dispose. Cf.OF. dispositor, -eur, -our (Oresme, 
14thc.)] A planet that ‘ disposes of’ another ,sze 
Dispose v. 8a); ‘the lord of a sign in its relation 
to another planet’. 

1598 G. C. Math. Phis. App. in Dariot's Astrolog. F. iva, 
‘The qualitie and nature of the disease... generally. .is to bee 
iudged of the nature of the signe of the 6 house, and the 
dispositor thereof. 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 141 For the 
sone (that lord it) are benefick, fortified in their proper 


2 It was not in 
r 


[f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 


494 


ing the quality of disposing, fitting, or inclining: 


= DIsPosirive a. 2. 

1629 H, Burton Babel no Bethel 1 Prem and 
disposi workes to Lustification. ae rae tie. 
Epise. rig 66 A dispository power. 

|| Disporsitrix. L. fem. of dispositor =she that 


disposes or arranges. In quot. used attrib, = Dis- 
posing, dispositive. 

1677 Gare Crt. Gentiles 11. 1v. 388 If it be so, that the 
gubernatrix and dispositrix mind do thus dispose althings.. 
[on p. 473 the same passage is rendered ‘ gubernative dis- 
positive mind’). 

+ Disposories, 5. /., var. desposories, DESPON- 
SoRIES [Sp. desposortos| Obs., betrothal. 

1623 Ear or Bristot Let. 28 Dec. in Heylin's Land 1. 
ii. (1668) 115 Letters which she intended to have written 
the day of her disposories to the Prince her Husband. 

Dispossess (dispdze's), v. [ad. OF. despos- 
sesser to dispossess (in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + 
Possesser to Possess. Cf. the parallel med.L. dis- 
possidére, 16th c. F, desposseder, mcd.F. dépossider. 
For the development of sense 2, 2 b, cf. Possgss.] 

1. trans. ‘To put (any one) out of possession ; to 
strip of possessions ; to dislodge, disseise, oust. 

1565 Child Marriages (E. E. T. S.) 136 The said Roberte 
held possession in the said house till he was, bie order of 
Lawe, dispossessed. 1595 Suaks. John 1. i. 131 Shal then 
my fathers Will be of no force, To dispossesse that childe 
which is not his. Mitton P. LZ, vit. 142 The seat Of 
Deitie supream, us dispossest He trusted to have seis’d. 
1765 H. WaLrote Otranto iii. (1798) 49 His father and 
grandfather had been too powerful for the house of Vicenza 
to dispossess them, 1841 Exvpuinstone //ist. /nd. 11. 229 
They were dispossessed by the Arghtins of Sind, who were, 
in their turn, expelled by Prince Camran. 

To deprive (any one) of the possession of.(a 
thing). 

1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. 536 Y® Sarazyns at this iourney 
were not dispossessyd of y* cytie of Thunys. 1576 Fieminc 

'anopl. L-pist. 273 Neverthelesse, Iam not dispossessed of 
hope. 1603 Suaks. A/eas. for M. u. iv. 22 Why doe's my 
bloud thus muster to my heart. .dispossessing all my other 
pipe of necessary fitnesse? 1794 SuLtivan Vrew Nat. I. 299 

et a foreign body dispossess water of its coldness. 1845 S. 
Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 11. 389 The empire..seemed to 
be regarded as already dispossessed of all its rights. 

refl. 1555 WaTREMAN /ardle Facions i. xii. 278 To dis- 
possesse them selues of all that euertheihaue. 1595 Suaks. 
John ww. iii. 23 The king hath dispossest himselfe of vs. 
1849 Rowertson Serm. Ser. 1. viii. 117 We have also dis- 
possessed ourselves of belief in the reality of retribution. 

+e. with from, out of: To drive out (froma 
possession) ; to expel, banish. Ods. 

1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 272 Having dispossessed 
F. from his charze, he began [etc.]. Mitton /?. L. xu. 
28 Who. .will. .quite dispossess Concord and law of Nature 
from the Earth, 1679 J. Smith Narrat. Pop. Plot Ded. 


Bb, Might your Popish Adversaries but once..dispossess | 


you out of the hearts of your Subjects. 1772 Ann. Reg. 
42/1 To make use of force, in dispossessing our people from 
Port Egmont. : 

+d. With double obj. (of omitted). Ods. rare—. 

1607 Suaks. 7710 1. i. 138, 1 will choose Mine heyre from 
forth the Beggars of the world And bry Bagne her all. 

+2. To cast out (the evil spirit by which any one 
is possessed) ; to exorcize. Ods. 

1618 Row.anps Sacred Ment. 34 Helpe, helpe, haue mercy, 
dispossesse this fiend. 1683 Hickes Case /uf. Baft. 53 The 
true Disciples of Christ did then dispossess Devils. 1775 
H. Farmer Demoniacs N. 7.1. vii. 142 Writers, who .. re- 
present the devil as being every day dispossessed by Chris- 
tians. 

b. To rid (the possessed person) of (an evil 
spirit); to free from demoniacal possession. 

1599 Haktuyt Voy, II. 1. 65 There are pred possessed 
men in those parts..who being dispossessed of the vncleane 
spirits, do presently beleeue in Christ who deliuered them. 
1624 Massincer Xenegado 1v. iii, I cannot play the exorcist 
To dispossess thee. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gout. Eng. 1. x. 
(1739) 18 Then Exorcists, that served to dispossess such as 
were possessed by the Devil. 1676 Kipper Charity Dir. 

How many he .. Dispossessed, and Raised. 1801 Mar, 
Saccavern Belinda (1832) 11. xxviii. 273 He was —" 

5 
G. Ottver Coll. Biog. Soc. of Fesus 74 His fame for dis- 
P ing ot rsons becoming notorious. | 

3. transf. and fig. To dislodge, oust, drive out. 

1598-9 E. Forve Parismuns 11. (1661) 4 But Fortune. .at an 
i disp d their 1601 Suaks. 7wed. N. 
ty. ii. 64 Thou shalt hold th* — of Pythagoras. .and 
feare to kif a Woodcocke, lest thou dispossesse the soule of 
thy dam. 1676 Hoppers /éiad 1, 451 And having thirst 
and hunger dispossest. 1830 Herscnen Stud. Nat. Phil. 
§ 68 ‘Two kinds of prejudi which. . iffer ex- 
tremely in the difficulty of dispossessing them, 

Iience Disposse’ssed ///. a.; Disposse'ssing 
vbl, sb. and ppl. a.; Disposse'ss sb. U.S. collog., 
the act of ejecting from possession, ejectment, as 
in dispossess proceedings, d. warrant, legal pro- 
ceedings or warrant to eject a tenant (Cent. Dict.): 
cf. DISPOSSESSORY. 

1597 Br. J. Kino Yonas (1618) 76 Discountenancings, 
ditnhings: dispossessings - them. 1599 Minsneu, Des- 

seydo, dispossessed, a 1631 Donne in Se/ect. (1840) 96 

€ require .. a dislodging, a dispossessing of the sin, 1628 
Earte Microcosm.) Cook (Arb.) 47 For that time hee is tame 
and 1860 Frouve //ist. Eng. V. 112 Thousands 


sessed of the evil ob of gambling, as if by a miracle. 


jouses .. influences, irradiations, significators, dispositors, 
promissors. 1819 Jas. Witson Compl. Dict. Astrol., Dis- 
Positor, that planet which disposes of another, : : 
Dispo- , a Obs. rare. [f. L. disposit- 


ppl. stem of dé'spondre to dispose : see-ory.] Havy- 


of dispossessed tenants made their way to London. 
session (dispdzefon). [n. of action 

from Dispossess ; cf, mod.F. dépossession. 

1, The action of dispossessing or fact of being 


DISPOSURE. 


dispossessed ; deprivation of or ejection from’a 
possession. In Law =OusTErR, : ‘ 

1576 Fieminc Panofl. Efist. 379 And playd the arrant 
struction. a6solK: Coxe Fwctice Vaud. 96 the dispossension 
struction. ” « Justice Vii ispossession 
and disinheritance of another. KSTONE Comm. 
III. 201 The remedy by ejectment is in it’s original an action 
brought by one who a lease for years, to repair the 
injury done him by dispossession. 1885 Atheneum 23 
661/1 ‘The dispossession of Huntley from the heritage. 

+b. concr. Something of which one has been 

dispossessed. Obs. nonce-use (after possession). 

1640 Quartes Enchirid. 1. 100 Warres, whose ends are not 
to defend your owne Possessions, or to recover your dispos- 
sessions, are but Princely Injuries. 

2. The casting out of an evil spirit; exorcism. 

1600 DARRELL Fine), A True Narration..Wherein the 
doctrine of P i Disp ion of D iak 
+. is icularly applied vnto Somers. 1647 Trarr Comm. 
Mark ix. 28 The dispossession of the out of many 
ee. -in —- -is - fess ne — 

emoniacs N. 7. 11. iii. 351 possession they inte: 
only to describe a disorder .. the removal of it was all they 
could intend 7 dispossession. 1863 S. J. ANprews Life of 
our Lord 233 Cures of disp jon were the earliest 
and commonest of the Saviour’s miracles, 


+ Disposse‘ssment. Os. rare—". [f. Dis- 
POSSESS +-MENT.] The action of dispossessing or 
the fact of being dispossessed ; loss. 

1600 Heywoop 1st Pt. Edw. [V, v. Wks. 1874 1.73 My 
husband grieves (alas ! how can he choose ?) Fearing the dis- 
possessment of his Jane. 


= 


Disposse'ssor. Also 7 -our. [f. Dispossess 
+-oR.] One who dispossesses. 
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 44 To oppugne the dispos- 


sessors of thy Deity, 1611 Tourneur Ath. Trag. ui. iv. 
Wks. 1878 I. 95, I will not be Your dispossessour but your 
Gardian. I will supply your Father's vacant place. 1768 

Biackstone Comm. 111, 180 If the dispossessor has any 
legal claim, he may afterwards exert it, notwithstanding a 
recovery had against him in these poss actions. 
Pusey Alin. Proph. 228 The remnant of Zion, being de- 
livered, would disp their disp S. 

Disposse'ssory, «. [f. as prec. +-ony.] Re- 
lating to dispossession or eviction. 

1888 Union Signal (Chicago) 5 Apr., The number of dis- 
tress and dispossessory warrants issued. 

Dispo'st,v. [f. Dis- 7+Posr sd.: cf. obs. F. 
desposter, ~poester, -postir to dispossess] ‘rans, 
To deprive of a post; to dismiss or drive from a 
post or position. 

1577 Bucnanan Let. to Randolph [‘ Master of the postes’) 
Wks. (1892) 59 Albeit I be on fut, and ye the post; pray- 
ing you als not to dispost my hoste at Newwerk, Jone of 
Kelsterne. 1609 J. Davies Holy Roode (1876) 12 (D.) Now, 
thinke thou see’st..This kindling Cole of flaming Charitie 
Disposted all in post. 1823 Cuatmers Serm. 1.255 It is God 
. .who alone can dispost it from this ency. 1827 Scotr 
Napoleon x\vii, The. .resoluti di ing t) 
= by main force. Fraser's Mag. XLII, 598 

rd George Bentinck died disposted. 

Dispost, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple, of Dispose, 

Disposure (dispé«z'iiz), Now rare. [f. Dis- 
POSE v. +-URE; cf. COMPOSURE. ] 

1. Arrangement, order: = Disposivion 1, 2. 

@ 1625 Frercuer //um. Lientenant m1. iv, She is so great 
a mistress of disposure. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. rus 
iii. 47 The remarkable di re of those yellow fringes 
ont the purple gem k eraong iy Neer _ a 

‘oncl. (1710) 240 In my Disposure mp! ts of t 
Brain, { have thought fit to make Invention the Master. 
1824 /.xaminer 71/1 The disposure of the group is beautiful. 

+ b. Good order, ordetly arrangement. Oés. 

@ 1637 B. perio Underwoods, Epit. V. Corbet, A life that 
+. was .. all order and disposure still. 

+2. Ordering, control, management, direction ; 
dispensation ; = Disposa 1, Disposition 3. Ods. 

1569 Couman Lef. in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. lv. 609 Dis- 
age crosses are very grievous to the flesh. 1625 

. Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis u. xvii. 119 Out of the 
placing of the Starres .. out of their influence on Children. . 
comes the whole disposure of their life and death, 
Bates Chr. Relig. proved by Reason v. sR) In the 

res of providence. 1689 Proc. Pres. Pari. 

Dissatisfied with the Management and eee eo of Affairs, 

3. The action of disposing of, making over, set- 
tling, etc. ; bestowal, assignment ; = Disposat 2, 3; 
Disposition 4. 

@ 1649 Deum. or Hawtn. Hist. Yas. IT, Wks. (7m) 3 
Rendring the disposure thereof peers agen sincere 
pure for ex; necessary and . 1665 Evetyn 
Mem. (1857) aah ors The disp and assig of this 

igious royal aid of £2,500,000, 1682 Peunsylv, Archives 

. 50 Y® Disposure we" yo" have already made of great 
Scopes of land. 1873 Browninc Ned Cott. Nt-cap 168 
Disp of the that took time. 

+4. Power or right to dispose of ; = DisPosat 4, 
Disposrri0n 4b. Obs. 

1606 Forp Honor Tri. (1843) 13 Inchained to the di: re 


of his ladie. 1630 Massincer Picture 1.ii, Surrendering up 
My will and faculties to your re. 1661 E. Burroucns 
Pha conc. Quakers 20 At the Will and Disposure of the 


Almighty we are. a@ Urqunart Kabelais 1. iii. 38 To 
ake Creditors is soa Disposure of each Stan's 
Arbitriment. 
+5. Turn of mind; Pheer nites | 6. pe po 
1613 Cuarman Revenge B: Amibois w. a, 
Phen. F re, As mui sineeting to behold, 24s Ee 


vnnaturall and bloudy action. : 


Dispotto, dispotical, obs. ff. Despor, -IcaL. 
Dispouse, var. form of DespousE v. Os. 


DISPOWER. 


+ Dispow'er, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 7 .] trans. 
To ae of power. 

1656 S. H. Gold. Law 66 How could they do less having 
power, then desert and dispower him? 

Dispoyle, -spoyly, obs. ff. Desporn v. 

+Dispra‘ctice. 00s. rare. [Dis- 9.] Dis- 
continuance. 

1673 Penn Alex. Coppersm. Rebuked 10 Well satisfied 
with any Member's Dispractice of an orderly Performance. 

+Disprai‘sable, a. 0s. [f. Disrratse v. + 
-ABLE. Cf. OF. desprisable reprehensible, f. des- 
priser to dispraise.] Worthy of dispraise or blame. 

¢ 1449 Pecock Ref. m1. viii. 325 He therbi be. .preisable or 
dispreisable, doing honestli or doing dishonestli. 1553 
Grimatve Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 49 Innumerable other 
diuersities ther be of nature and of maners no deal yet dis- 
P' le. “1630 R. Foh ’s Kinga. & Comm. 639 Onely 
in this it is dispraisable .. it bringeth forth Inhabitants of 
savage .. and inhumane behaviour. 16.. T. Apams lWzs, 
(1861-2) II. 462 (D.) It is dispraisable either to be senseless 
or fenceless. 1758 Jounson Disfraisible, unworthy of 
commendation, Dict. 

Dispraise (dispré'-z), sb. [f. Dis- 9 + Praise 
5b.; or f, DISPRAISE v, after praise sb. Cf. OF. 
despriz, despris, and see DISPRIZE sd.] 

1, The action or fact of dispraising ; the opposite 
of praise ; expression of disparagement; blame, 
censure, 

bg Hawes Past. Pleas. xt. vi, The morall sense they 
cloke full subtyly, In prayse or dysprayse, as it is reason- 
able. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 218 He began to make 
along Oration in his dispraise. 1667 Mitton ?. ZL. x1. 167 
‘To mee reproach Rather belongs, distrust, and all dispraise. 
X ——- Antiq. Chr. Ch. 1. 3 Does not necessarily 
imply either praise or dispraise. 1852 TENNyson Death 
Dk. Wellington 73 In b pine and in dispraise the same, 
Aman of well-attemper’d frame. i Miss YonGE Cameos 
(1877) IL. xix. 197 Charles VI would not hear a word in his 
dispraise. f : é 

2. with a and g/. An act or instance of disprais- 
ing or blaming. b. A cause of blame, discredit, 


or disgrace. 

I Covervate IVisd. iv, heading, A disprayse of the 
wicked. 1580 Sipney Arcadia 1. (1724) II. 718 Little did 
the melancholick Shepherd regard either his dispraises, or 
the other's praises. 1641 Hinpe ¥. Bruex xli. 129 To bee 

raised of a man utterly unworthy of any praise himselfe, 
is a dispraise. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison I. xxxvi. 257 
How far from a dispraise in this humane consideration, 
1872 Howetts Wedd. Yourn. 33 As they twittered their 
little dispraises. 

Dispraise (dispré'-z}, v. Forms: 4-5 dis- 
preise-n, 4-7 disprayse, 5 despreise, des-, 
dyspreyse, 5-6 dysprayse, 5-7 despraise, 6 
dispreyse, -prease, 6-7 disprase, 4- dispraise. 
[a. OF. despreister, -preiser, -prisier,= Pr. des- 
presar, despreciar, Sp. despreciar, lt. disprezzare: 
—late L. or Romanic type *déspretidre for cl.L. 
dépretiare ; see DEPRECIATE and De- I. 6. 

In OF., originally, the tonic stem had -fr/s-, the atonic 
-preis-, hence inf. despreisier, 3 sing. pr. desprise. But 
these distinctions were subseq. confused, and at length 
levelled under the -f77s- form: thence Eng. Disprizr.] 

1. trans. To do the opposite of to praise; to 
speak of with disparagement, depreciation, blame, 
or om cece gy to blame, censure. 

@1300 Cursor M. 27585 (Cott.) We agh ilk [fallen] man 
upraise, and in vr hert vrself dispraise. c1386 CHAUCER 
Melib, 105 (Harl.) Who-so wil haue Sapience schal no 
man desprayse. ¢1400 Xow. Rose 1053 For to dispreisen, 
and to blame That best deserven love and name. 1494 
Fasyan Chron, iv. xix. 47 She dispraysed hym in that, 
that he worshypped a man yt was nayled vpon a Crosse. 
1547-64 Bautpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 166 Doe not that 
thy selfe, which thou dispraisest in another. 1612 WooDALL 
Surg. Mate Pref. Wks. (1653) 12 Foxes dispraise the grapes 
they cannot reach. 1616 B. Jonson Zpigr. 1. lii. To Cen- 
sortous Courtling, I rather thou should’st utterly Dispraise 
my Work, than praise it frostily. 1712 Sree.e Sfect. No. 
288 #3 While they like my Wares they may dispraise my 
Writing. 1850 W. Irvine Goldsmith xxvi. 259 Johnson, 
who .. rarely praised or dispraised things by halves. 1852 
Rosertson Lect. 177 Men who cannot praise Dryden with- 
out dispraising Coleridge. 

absol, 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 235/1 To fore thys tyme 

desprey: and scorned and wend there had ben none 
other lyf than this. ¢ 600 Suaks. Sonn. xcv, That tongue 
that tells the story of thy daies.. Cannot dispraise. 16: 
Futver Pisgah 1. vi. 16 When he intends to praise or dis- 
praise, he will doe it to the purpose, 1878 Miss ‘TytLer 
Anne Ascue i. in Sunday Mag. 36 As for you or any other 
«. I will not dispraise, because I know you not. 

+2. To speak of depreciatingly or contemp- 
tuously; to depreciate, despise. Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Me/id. » 5 Whan Prudence had herd hire 
husbond him of his richesse. .dispreising the power 
of his adversaries. 1475 B&. Noblesse 59 Fabius despraised 
renommee and vayne glorie, but onlie gafe his solicitude, 
gg and his bisy cure about the comon profit of Rome. 
e500 Melusine xx. 113 Dyspreyse not _ enmyes though 
they be litel, but make euer good watche. 

3. To bring dispraise upon, to cause to be depre- 


ciated or despised. rare. 
E. Arnotp Zé. Asia vu, (1881) 226 These riches 
not fade away in life, Nor any death dispraise. 

Hence Disprai‘sed 7//. a.; Disprai‘sing v/. 

sb, and ffl.a.; Disprai‘singly adv. 
_ ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. » 423 In dispreisynge of hym 
that men preise. 33 Cath. Angl. 101/2 lipxaniees, 
_ deprauacio, 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 238 All y° 
crymes of y® tonge, as sclaunders, detraccyons..or dis- 


495 


praysynges, etc. 1552 Hutort, Dispraysed, despectus, des- 
picatus, obtrectatus. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. ut. Fh 72 When 
I haue spoke of you dispraisingly. 1839 Fraser's Mag. 
XIX. 31 [He] is dispraisingly sketched by the authoress. 


Disprai'ser. 


in 19th Cent. VIII. 201 Unbeliever, unmaker, and di 

Hence Disprai‘seress, a female dispraiser. 

1611 Coter., Desfriseresse,a disesteemeresse, despiseresse, 
or dispraiseresse of. 

+ Disprai‘seworthy, «. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 
PRAISE s., after prazseworthy.] Worthy or desery- 
ing of dispraise ; blameworthy. 

1553 GRIMALDE Cicero's Offices 11. (1558) 137 If they bee 
dispraiseworthye who haue held their peace, what is to bee 
thought of those who haue used a vainnesse of talke ? 

Disprave, bad form of DEpRavr. 

1402 Hoccieve Letter of Cupid 265 Than to deprave 
(Speght's ed. Chaucer dispraue] wommen generally. 

SF Dispray-er. Obs. rare. [Dis- 9: cf. OF. 
desprier to wnsay a prayer.) ? Deprecation. 

1615 DanieL Queen's Arcadia mm. v. Wks. (1717) 194 
That Sound of Words, that answers not the ‘Tone Of my 
Disprayers in th’ Accents of like Moan. 

Dispread, disspread (dispred), v. arch. 
Forms: 6 dispred, despreed, 7~ dispread, dis- 
spread. /a. ¢. and ff/e. dispread ; 6 despred, 
6-7 dispred, 7— disspred, (pa. pple. exon. 7 dis- 
preden, 8 -edden). [f. d-, Dis- 1+ SPREAD v.] 

1. trans. To spread abroad or out; to extend, 
expand, dilate, open out. 

1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 1. iv. 17 Drawne of fayre Pecocks, that 
excell in pride, And full of Argus eyes their tayles dis- 
predden wide. 1591 — Virg. Guat 242 Looslie on the 
grassie greene dispredd. QO. v. xii. 13 Like as 


1596 — /. 
a tender Rose .. Dispreds the glorie of her leaues gay. 
1600 FairFAx 7 asso 1. xl. 9 Baldwine his ensigne faire did 
next despreed. 1616 Sanpys /’s, cxx. in Farr S. P. Fas. /, 
(1848) 80 A vine on wall disspred. 1639 G. Danie. Ecclus. 
xxiv. 51 Dispreden farr, Farre as the T'erebinth, my branches 
are. 1714 Solomon's Song in Steele's Poet. Misc. 242 While 
opening Buds their folded Leaves dis-spread, 1738 WESLEY 
Psalms xtv.iv, Dispread the Victory of thy Cross. @a1766 
W. Tuomrson Hymn to May xxii. 3 Have ye not seen .. 
Striding the clouds a bow dispredden wide? 1838 Mrs. 
BrownineG V/s. Poets 203 The lady stood beside his head, 
Smiling a thought, with hair dispread. 1863 W. Lancaster 
Praeterita 64 The disunited, desolated hands Listless of 
use and nervelessly disspread. 

2. intr. (for refl.) 

1596 SpensER /. Q. Iv. vii. 4o His face they [his lockes] 
overgrew, And over all his shoulders did dispred. 1642 H. 
More Song of Soul 1.1. xlix, She is the centre from whence 
all the light Dispreads. 1727-46 ‘THOMSON Szmer 209 
Tyrant Heat, dispreading through the sky With rapid 
sway. 

Hence Disprea’d #//.a.; Disprea ding v0/. 5d.; 
Disprea‘der, one who spreads abroad. 

1636 Fearty Clazis Myst. ii. 15 Joseph of Arimathea.. 
a great dispreader of the Gospel. 1642 H. More Song 
of Soul i. 1. tv. x, Dispread exility Of slyer reasons fails. 
1644 Mitton Areof. (Arb.) 48 Dispredders both of vice 
and error, a1652 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. vit. vi. (1821) 361 
The dispreadings and distended radiations of his love. 
1890 Spectator 15 Feb., Prophets descend from the ceiling 
of the Sistine to become andirons, and their dispread limbs 
find a motive in the poker and tongs. 

Disprease, -preise, obs. ff. DisPRAISE. 

Dispre‘judice, v. rare. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans. 
To free from prejudice. 

1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. u. vii. § 5 (R.) Those 
+ will easilie be ., disprejudiced in point of the doctrine. 

Disprepa‘re, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans. 
To render unprepared. 

1651 Hospes Leviath. iv. xliv, A confederacy of deceivers 
that .. endeavour .. to extinguish in them [men] the light, 
both of nature and the Gospel ; and so to disprepare them 
for the Kingdom of God to come. 

+ Dispre'ss, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 1 + Press v.] 
trans. Yo press or force asunder or apart. 

1605 TImME Quersi¢. 111. 156 Mercurial vapours thickened 
into Cloudes..and. .not able to be dispressed. 1617 Marx- 
HAM Cavad. 1. 83 The searing of the skinne..doth so seauer 
and dispresse it, that it will neuer after meete close together 
againe. a1627 Haywarp Law. VJ (1630) 92 Princes .. in 
no case to endure their supreame authority to be force- 
ably either oppressed or dispressed by their subjects. 

Disprie’st, v. rare. [Dis-7b.] trans. To 
deprive of the priesthood. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & M. (1596) 131/2 If he did well in so 
dispreesting and discharactering «kha 1611 FLorio, 
Spretare, to vnpriest, to dispriest. 

isprince: see Dis- 7b. 

Disprison (dispri‘z’n), v. [D1s- 7c. Cf. obs. 
F. desprisonner, mod.F, dép-.] trans. To set free 
from prison. Hence Dispri-soned £#/. a. 

1842 Lytton Zanont vi. vii, The disprisoned mind. 

Disprivacied (disprai-vasid), Af/. a. [f. Dis- 
7a.) Deprived or bereft of privacy. 

1848 Lowe. Fadle for Critics Poet. Wks. 1890 III. 93 
On the poet’s dis-privacied moods. .the pert critic intrudes. 

Disprivilege (dispri-viledz), v. Also 7-8 
-edge. ([D1s- 7a (or 6).] 

. trans. To deprive (a person) of privilege. 

@ 1617 Bayne Ox Eph. (1658) 125 Our love must be shewed 

them... unlesse their foolish lewdness dis-priviledge them. 


1532 in 


DISPROFIT. 


1670 Penn Lib, of Consc. iv. Wks. (1726) I. 452 Soacting and 
believing, dispriviledges them for ever of that Recompence. 
1882 7rans. KR. Hist. Soc. X. 253 One ought not to dis- 
privilege a person without.his knowledge. 

. To annul or undo the privilege of. Obs. rare. 

1622 H. SypenHAM Serm. Sol. Occ. 11. (1637) 141 Let not 
my zeale to the Priest disprivilege my allegiance to my King. 

+ Dispri‘ze, s/. Cds. Also 6 disprice. [a. 
OF. despris ‘ disesteeme, contempt, disdaine’ 
(Cotgr.), earlicr despriz=It. d@sprezzo, Sp. dts- 
precio :—late L. type *drspretium. See DISPRIZE Vv, 
and cf, Prize, Price.) Disparagement, deprecia- 
tion, contempt. 

1560 Ro.ianp Crt, Venus ut. 61 3e haif done greit dispricfe]. 
¢ 1636 James /ter Lanc, (Cheth. Soc.) Introd. 36 In disprize 
of death. 

Disprize (disproi:z), v. Obs. or arch. Forms: 
5 despryse, 5-6 desprise, dispryse, 6 dyspryse, 
7 disprise, 7- disprize. [a. late OF. desprise-r 
for original desprersier (tonic stem desp7se) : see 
DispraIsE, which represents the earlier OF. form.] 

1. ¢rans. To depreciate, undervalue; to hold 
in small repute or in contempt. arch. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's et. xu. xiv, He desprised Hector and 
his menace. 1484 — Chivalyy (Caxton) 80 Kynge Alysander 
in desprysing auarice and couetyse had alwey the handes 
stratched forthe for to gyue unto his knyghtes. 1606 SHaks. 
Tr. & Cri. v.74 "Tis done like Hector; but securely done, 
A little proudly, and great deale disprising The knight 
oppos'd. x Quarces Barnabas & B, (1851) 147 And wilt 
thou more disprize the giver than the gift? 1886 [see 
Disrrizep below.) 

+b. To make of small account ; to dishonour. 

1508 A. Capiou Porteous of Nodblenes in Compl, Scot. (1801) 
Introd. 204 He desprisis his nobilnes that..kepis noght hym 
selue clene. ee 

+e. To bring into depreciation. Ods. 

a 1687 Cotton Ode to Lydia (‘V.) Dishevel, sunset, thy 
yellow hair, Whose ray does burnished gold disprize. 

+ 2. To dispraise, disparage, decry ; to speak of 
slightingly. Ods. 

1514 Barciay Cyt. §& Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 4 The 
frosty wynter.. Whiche men than praysed, they now dyspryse 
& hate. 1570 Satir, Poems Reform. xviii. 53 Vhair fact 
and act all Scotland now disprysis. 1621 QuARLES A realus 
§ /. (1678) 4 Some trust to fame, some secretly disprize Her 
worth, 

Hence Disprized ///. a.; Dispri-zing v/. 5). 
and Pf/. a. 

1500 Burgh Rec, Edin. 20 Oct. (Jam.) William Paterson 
{and] Patrick Lowiesoun convict be ane assyse vpoun the 
disprysing of William Todrig, baillie, invadand him with.. 
drawin swordis. 1560 RoLLaNnp Crt. Venus ut. 179 Bot be 
no way in Venus disprysing. 1602 Suaks. //av. 111, i. 72 
For who would beare .. The pangs of dispriz’d Loue. 1886 
Dowven Shelley I. iv. 154 Haunted by thoughts of his own 
disprized love. 

Dispro‘babilize, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Prosa- 
BILIZE.] ¢rans. ‘To deprive of probability, render 
improbable. Hence Dispro‘babilizing Z//. a. ; 
Disprobabiliza‘tion. 

1827 Bentuam Ration. Fudic. Evid. 11. 13 The principal 
fact will be considered as being, in a greater or less degree, 
disprobabilized. /did., The existence of this disprobabilizing 
fact. bid, 16 Notice cannot but be taken of the opposite 
effect, disprobabilization. ; 

+ Disproba‘tion. O¢s. [Dis- 9, after dis- 
prove.] = DISAPPROBATION, 

1647 M. Hupson Div. Right Govt. u. vi. 110 The Books 
of Exodus and Numbers record ten several disprobations 
and murmurings of the people against Moses .. Neither did 
the peoples disprobation of his just Power.,unking David. 

Dispro‘bative, @. rare. [Dis- 10, after dis- 
prove.| ‘That tends to disprove. 

1823 BentHam Not Paul 23 A disprobative Circumstance. 
1827 — Ration. Fudic. Evid. ui. 16 Little need for con- 
sidering the probative force (the disprobative force it will 
here be held). 

Disprofe, -proffe, obs. ff. DispRoor. 

+ Disprofe'ss, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 6.] srans. 
To renounce the profession of. 

1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 111, xi. 20 His armes, which he had 
vowed to disprofesse, She. .did about him dresse. 

Dispro‘fit, sb. Os. or arch. [f. Dis- 9 + 
Prorit sé.] ‘The opposite of profit ; disadvantage, 
detriment. 

1494 Fasyan Chron, vit. 618 All was ruled by the quene & 
her counsayll, to the great disprofite of the kynge & his 


realme, 1 Dateympte tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vi. 3 
Weiris ar begun, with gret slauchtir on baith sydes, dis- 
proffet and skaith. 1620 MarkxHam Farew. Husd. u. xxii. 


(1668) 120 You shall want their Company .. which is both 
discomfort and disprofit. 1751 Westey Wks. (1872) XIV. 
125 Adjectives signifying. .disprofit..govern a Dative Case. 
1837 CartyLe Mirabeau Misc. (1872) V. 217 Vhey fought 
much: with an eye to profit, to redress of disprofit. 
+b. with a and Z/. A disadvantage. Ods. 

a1568 CoverDALE Bk, Death 1. viii. Wks. II. 56 All the 
aforesaid disprofits and griefs do justly vanish. 165 Hospes 
Govt, & Soc. x. § 2. 149 All the profits and disprofits arising 
from government. es H. M. tr. Erasm. Collog. 219 Lest 
I should get for my self any profit by others sg 4 

Dispro‘fit, v. Obs. orarch. [f. Dis- 6+ Prorir 
v. (possibly from Fr.).] 

1, trans. To bring disadvantage to; to injure, in- 
commode, inconvenience. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 264/1 [He] commendyd hym to 
god ag a, A the bad shold not disproufyte hym. 

i . H. Turner Select. Rec, Oxford 113 The Towne 


DISPROFITABLE. 


is not profited by them, but .. disprofited. 1660 tr. Para- 
celsus’ y pears nu. 110* That which is Innate doth neith 


496 


1608 Dispute Guetted Teaweling ig ee 3 Why doe wee 


our selues at 


profit, or disprofit any one. 1837 Cartyie J’. Rev. Il. v. 
vii, Of the whole two thousandethere are not now half a 
score. .that will profit or disprofit us. 1850 — Latter-d. P. 
vii. (1872) 246. : 

+2. intr. (for refl.) To fail to profit ; to receive 
disadvantage or injury. Ods. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. 88 He hath sene no 
worse menne than those that disprofited in monasteries. 

Hence Dispro‘fited f//.a., Dispro‘fiting v//. sb. 

1599 Minsnev, Desaprovechado, disprofited. 1632 SuEr- 
woop, A disprofiting, Endommagement. 

+ Dispro‘fitable, z. Ols. [f. D1s- 10 + Pro- 
FITABLE: cf. obs. F. desprofitable (16th c. in 
Godef.).] Unprofitable ; detrimental. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIIT (an. 19) (1809) 739 He had 
. discharged 12 Articles whiche were moste grevous & dis- 
profitable to the Frenche Kyng. 1572 R. H. tr. Lavaterus’ 


Ghostes To Rar. (1596) A iij, Profitable therefore it is..vnto | 


many, and disprofitable vnto none. 

Disproof (dispr#f). Forms: 6 disprofe, 
-proufe, -prove, 6- disproof. [f. D1s- 9 + Proor, 
after DisprovE.] The proving of a thing not to 
be what is asserted; refutation, confutation ; the 
evidence constituting such refutation. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. xiv. (1883) 153 Therin they do dili- 
gently obserue the rules of Confirmation and Confutation, 
wherin resteth prouf and disproufe. 1533 More Answ. 
Poysoned Bk, Wks. 1099/2 These woordes haue .. in them- 
selfe, neither any thyng in disprofe of the very eating of 
his flesh, nor for the profe yt he ment the beliefe of hys 
death, 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth 1. 45 A fuller and 
more effectual Disproof of the recited opinions. 1825 Syp. 
Situ Wks. (1859) II. 66/1 Such allegations .. are scarce 
ever susceptible of specific disproof. 1884 tr. Lotze’s 
Metaph. 194 Such a proof ., has never been attempted; the 
burden of disproof has been thrown on the opposite v iew. 

b. witha and f/. An instance of this; a dis- 
proving fact or piece of evidence. 

a1650 May Satir. Puppy (1657) 20 Lest he should betray 
himself to an eminent disproof. 1699 BentLey Pha/. Pref. 
: A sufficient Disproof of this malicious Calumny. 1877 

¢. R. Conner Bas. Faith v. 233 Lightly to pass over all.. 
irreconcilable facts as mere difficulties, not disproofs, 


+ Dispro‘perty, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 7b.] 
trans. ‘Yo deprive of property; to dispossess, 

1607 SHAKS. Cor. 11. i. 264 He would Haue made them Mules, 
silenc'd their Pleaders, And dispropertied their Freedomes, 

Disproportion dispropo-sfon), sd. [f. Dis- 9 
+ Proportion: perh. a. F. disproportion (16th c. 
in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

Want of proportion in number, quantity, size, 
etc. ; lack of symmetry or due relation of quantity 
or number between things or parts of the same 
thing; the condition of being out of proportion. 

1555 Even Decades 190 The disproportion that they haue 
to all other beastes. 1642 Futter //oly & Prof, St. 1. xxii. 
214 Let there be no great disproportion in age. 1656 Br. 
Hatt in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. cxliv, 3 The dispropor- 
tion betwixt us and them [gnats] is but finite. 1752 JoHNSON 
Rambler No. 196. ® 3 The disproportion will always be 
great between expectation and enjoyment. 1878 Masque 
Poets 208 Evil perhaps being nothing more nor less Than 
good in disproportion or excess. 1880 Dixon Windsor III. 
xxxiii, 325 A sense of disproportion lifts men into mirth. 

b. with a and f/.: An example of this ; some- 
thing out of proportion. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wars 1. xxviii, Disproportions harmony 
do break. 160g Saks. Oth. 111. iii. 233 Foule disproportions, 
Thoughts vnnaturall. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. vit. 27 Reasoning 
I oft admire, How Nature wise and frugal could commit 
Such disproportions. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) III. 672 
A leg too long, or some other disproportion, 

Disproportion, v. [f. the sh. Cf. F. dés- 
proportionner.| trans. To render or make out of 
due proportion. 

1593 Suaks. 3 Hen. V/, 111. ii. 160 Shee did corrupt frayle 
Nature with some Bribe .. To shape my Legges of an vn- 
equall size, To dis-proportion me in euery part. a 1631 
Donne Lett, (1651) 7 Nothing disproportions us .. as_mur- 
muring. 1838 LytTon A dice x1. viii, Statutes that dispro- 
portion punishment to crime, 1864 W. Fatrnairn in Reader 
27 Feb. 270/1 It is even possible so to disproportion the top 
and bottom areas of a wrought-iron girder. .as to cause it to 
yield with little more than alf the ultimate strain, 

Dispropo'rtionable, @. [f. prec. + -aBLr.] 
Out of due or symmetrical proportion ; dispropor- 
tionate. 

1589 Purrennam Eng, Poesie ut. xxiv, (Arb.) 283 So was 
the kings action proportionable to his estate and therefore 
decent, the Philosophers, disproportionable both to his pro- 
fession and calling and therefore indecent. 1640 WILKINS 
New Planet vi. (1707) Such an incredible Celerity, as is 
altogether disproportionable to its Bigness. a1717 BLackaut. 
Wks. (sys) 1. 136 Seeing .. the good and evil things of this 

o 


Life and of the next are so vastly disproportionable. 1760-72 
tr. Yuan §& Ulloa's Voy. (ed, 3) 1. 124 Its belly is, in large- 
ness, very disproportionable to its body. 
Dis ne ruensD lone: {f prec. + 
-nEss.] ‘The quality of being out of proportion. 
1651 Biacs New Disp. +. Consisting of crudities, dis- 
proportionablenesse, 1664 H. More Inig. 336 From 


Myst. 
the disproportionableness of the seven Age of the world 


to the rest. 1894 Newspr., A corres lent .. sub- 


mitted the word ‘ disprop ’,as the ] in 
the English language. 

Dispropo'rtionably, adv. [f. as prec. + 
-LY2,} Ina manner or to an extent which is out 


of due proportion ; disproportionately. 


the table and feast of our Lord lesus. 


_ DISPULP. 


2. Capable of being disproved ; refutable. 
1685 Boyte Eng. Notion Nat. 114 (L.) The incorrupti: 
bl and i bility of the heavenly bodies is more 


177° LaNGHorNE 


Plutarch (1879) 1. 176/2 His head was portionably 
long. Prcroad Alice 65 The room was almost dispro- 
portionably lofty. 


B: ‘rtional, a. and sé. [f. Disero- 
PORTION + -AL; cf. F. disproportionnel. 
A, adj. = DISPROPORTIONATE, 

1609 Hottann Amm, Marcell. Annot. Cija, Then the 
length were disproportionall to the breadth. 1645 Mitton 
Colast. (1851) 371 To force the continuance of mariage be- 
tween mindes found utterly unfit, and disproportional, is 
against nature. 1692 Locke Educ. § 158 It is very dispro- 
portional to the Und ding of childhood. 

B. sd. A disproportional quantity or number. 

1696 ScarsurGcd Euclid (1705) 192 Having finished his 
Explanations of..Proportionals, and Disproportionals. 

Hence Dispropo'rtionalness = next. 

1730-6 in Baitey (folio). In recent Dicts. 


Disproportiona‘lity. [f. prec. + -1ry.] The 
quality of being disproportional. 


1642 H. Morr. Song of Soud u. iii. 11. 1x, The world so's 
setten free From that untoward disproportionalitie, 1668 
— Div. Dial. u. xii. (1713) 125 That poison is nothing but 
disproportionality of particles to the particles of our own .. 
Bodies. 1818 Bentnam Ch. Eng. 374 For. .services of the 
occasional class .. Pay, by disproportionality excessive. 

Dispropo'rtionally, adv. [f. as prec. + -Lv?.] 
In a manner or to an extent that is out of pro- 
portion. 

1755 in JouNSON, 1839 Jounston in Proc. Berw. Nat. 
Club 1. No. 7. 201 The eyes of the embryo, at this period 
disproportionally large. 1845 MeCuttocn 7a-vration 11. ix. 
(1852) 334 Disproportionally heavy taxes are the great cause 
of smuggling. 1880 ‘I. W. Wess in Nature XX1. 213 The 
satellites [of Mars] .. are .. so disproportionally minute, 
according to our limited ideas of proportion. 

Disproportionate, «. [f. Dis- 10 + Pro- 
PORTIONATE a. Cf. F. disproportionnéd (16th c.): 
see -ATE,.] Out of proportion ; failing to observe 
or constitute due proportion; inadequately or exces- 
sively proportioned. Const. /o. 

1555 Even Decades 189 His toonge. . very longe and thynne 
and much disproportionate to his bodye. 1614 Seven 77tles 
Hon. 135 Neither is this annointing much disproportionat 
to that. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. ix, 181 A long re- 
pentance is a disproportionate price for a short enjoyment. 
1862 H. Spencer /‘?rst Princ. u. iv. § 53 (1875) 176 Effects 
extremely disproportionate to causes. 1867 Freeman Norm, 
Cong. (1876) 1. iv. 246 Dwelling at an apparently dispropor- 
tionate length on some subjects. 

+Disproportionated, «. Ols. rare. [f. 
prec. +-ED!.) =prec. Hence + Disproportion- 
atedness = DISPROPORTIONATENESS, 

1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath, u. 100 The qualitie [of Bath 
waters] especially disproportionated with as great a degree 
of heat..cannot be induced but by. an especial heat. 1647 
H. More Song of Soul Notes 391 No such vast excentricity 
as there, nor disproportionatednesse of Orbs and motions. 
1668 — Div. Dial. 1. 23 That thinner Element being dis- 
proportionated to the Lungs of either Birds or Beasts. 

Dispropo'rtionately, adv. [f. as prec. + 
-Ly 2.) Ina manner or to an extent which is out 
of pespartios, inadequate, or excessive. 

1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. ii. 8 (T.) He. .dispropor- 
tionately divideth his days. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth ww. 
(1722) 294 Nothing should happen et unfitly, 
disproportionately, 170§ Bosman Guinea 250 The Hea 
disproportionately large. 1867 Froupe Short Stud., Criti- 
cism & Gospel 161 Among the multitude the elements are 
i, posite mixed, 


ek ‘rtionateness. [f. as prec. + 


-ness.} The quality of being out of proportion. 
1668 H. More Div. Dial. u. xviii. (2733) 147 The Incon- 
seofthem, 1819 


ruity and Disproportionateness of the 
Sieasinor in Lit, Rem. (1836) 11. 258 It would argue a dis- 
proportionateness, a want of balance. 1874 Farrar Christ 
x. 119 Every one must have been struck... with the apparent 


disproportionateness between the cause and the effect. 
spropo'rtioned, ///. a. [f. Disrroror- 
TION ¥.+-ED; cf. F. disproportionné.| Made or 


rendered out of proportion ; disproportionate. 

31597 Hooker Ecc?, Pol, v. \xxviii. (1611) 424 It argueth a 
disproportioned minde in them whom so decent orders dis- 
please. 1610 Suaks. Jem. v. i. 290 He is as dispropor- 
tion’d in his Manners As in his sha) 1699 Bentiey Pha. 
533; 1787 T. JerrEeRrson Writ. (1859) IL. 199 The women 
children are often employed in labors 2p oekeprae to 

1851 Mayne Rein Scalp Hunt, xxviii, 
I gazed at the huge dispro ioned heads, 
+b. Inconsistent. Ods. 
1604 SHAKS. Oth. 1. iii. 2 Duke. There's no composition in 


their sex and age. 


this Newes, iced ace them Credite. 1 Sev. Indeed, they 
are disproportioned. 
+ Dispro‘priate, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 6 +L. pro- 


prium own, possession, property, after appropriate, 
ceonsriaa| bem: To deprive of the ownership 
(of something) ; to dispossess. 

1613 Purcnas Bei Sages. 11. vii. 113 Who knoweth whether 
those Appropriations did not .. bate vem them of that 
which in a juster »roprietie was given t 


? 
vable (dispri#vab’l), hiv [f Disprove 
v. + et 
+1. Reprehensible, to be disapproved. Ods. 


1548 Gest Pr. Masse, The third and last cause why 
masse prayer is disprovable is by reason therin it is pra 


{etc.]. 1579 Furxe Aefut, Rastel 709 We receive them, or 
refuse them, as they gv pprouabl te disprouable by ‘the 
saide..doctrine, 

* 


than probably disproveable by the sudden and irregular 
Sree Meany Ret we aon 
. R. Grec Enigmas of Life Pref. ° 
datum is suffered to r+ arly F 
i (dispri#-val). rare. [f. DISPROVE + 
-AL.] The act of disproving ; disproof. 
1614 Jackson Creed m. uw. v. [vi.] § 1. 47 
Ew is likely to resort for a disprouall of his relation. 
orLey Voltaire (1886) 250 A direct disproval of the 
alleged facts on which the system professes to rest. 
Disprove (dispriv), v. Also 5 dis-,dyspreve, 
7 disproove. /a. . disproved; also dis- 


Whither no 


| proven. [a. OF. desprove-r, -prouver, {. des-, L. 


dis- + prover to Prove. Early variants were De- 
PREVE, DEPROVE, q.v. 

The OF, stressed-stem form desprueve, -preuve, gave the 
variant dispreve, whence (on the analogy of strong verbs, as 
weave, woven) the pa. pple. disproven.) : 

1. trans. To prove (an assertion, claim, etc.) 
to be false or erroneous; to show the fallacy or 
non-validity of; to refute, rebut, invalidate. 

¢1380 Wycur Sel. Wks, IL. 345 It is no nede to argue 
her for to disprove pis foli. 1386 Xod/s of Parit. 111. 225/2 
The which thyng .. by an even Juge to proved or dis- 
proved. a1400 Pistill of Susan 294, 1 schal be proces apert 
disproue pis a-pele, For nede. a 1450 Cov. Myst. (1851) 31 
Their owyn pepyl han dysprevyd Al that I have for the sey: 
or mevyd. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pod. 1. vii. (1611) 72 Neither 
doth. .the infirmity of men overthrow or disproue this. 
Suaks. FuZ. C. m1. ii. 105, I speake not to disprooue what 
Brutus = But heere I am ; to speake what I do know. 
1796 Br. Watson Afol. Bible 346 A lesson which philosophy 
never taught, which wit cannot ridicule, nor istry dis- 
prove. 1814 Cuatmers Evid, Chr. Revel.ix. 251 There is a 
mighty difference between not proven and disproven. 1856 
Srantey Sinai & Pad. i. (1858) 53 No one can-now prove or 
disprove the tradition. 1875 Jowett P/ato (ed. 2) IIL. 363 
Nay, he replied, that is already disproven. 4 

b. To prove to be non-existent or fictitious. 
Se nad Life St. Kath, (1884) 29 How she dispreved hys 
es. c144g0 Carcrave Life St. Kath. iv. 1576 Saturne, 
firste whom ye soo dispreue. 

2. To prove (a person) to be untrue or erroneous 
in his statements; to convict (a person) of false- 
hood or error; to refute, confute. Ods. or arch. 

1589 Cocan Haven Health ccxiv. (1636) 227 Some perad- 
venture will disprove mee by their owne experience. 1604 
Suaxs. OFA, v. li. 172 Disproue this Villaine, if thou bee’st 
aman: He sayes, thou told’st him that his wife was false. 
16 — ee fas i T. 42 Ly —— * 
palpably disproved. rryYPE Ann. Ref. 1. lii. 
of these that did bie oan Dr. Calfhill, A two sermons 

reached in the same cathedral, the lems 4 present to hear 

imself disproved. 1749 Cuesterr. Lett. II. ccii. 267 Should 
you. . happen to disprove me. : i 

+3. To disallow authoritatively ; to disapprove, 
Also zntr. with of. Obs. 

1477 Norton Ord. Alch. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 100 That 
other [Art] is disproved and plainely forebod. Fapyan 
Chron, vil. 295 Let not the rudenesse of them hym lede 
For to dysproue thys ryme dogerell, 1594 Hooker Eccl. 
Pol. u, viii. (1611) 78 Men are only not disproued or dis- 
allowed of God for them. 1628 Venner 7olacco (1650) 406, 
I wonder why some disprove the taking of Tobacco after 
meals. 1720 Wodrow Corr. (1843) IL. $39 ‘or my share, I dis- 
prove the method of his licensing. 1824 Miss Ferrier /nher, 
viii, They have seen other things either better or worse, and 
can, therefore, either improve or disprove them, 

Hence Disproved ///. a., Disproving, vé/. sb. 

1587 Go.pinc De Mornay i. 10 This also was a disproou- 
ing of the false Gods. 1598 Barrer Theor, Warres u. i. 
25 Chaunging those disproued blacke Billes and Bowes 
into good Muskets. 1639 Lp. Dicsy Lett. conc. Relig. 
pay epee being so easie and naturall, Disproving 
so dificult. 

Disprove, obs. form of Disproor. 


‘vement. vare. [f. Disprove v. + 
-MENT.] The action or fact of disproving; a prov- 
ing not to be true ; dis roof. : 

1662 J. Cuannier Van Helmont’s Oriat. Pref. to Rar., 
‘They d his disp of what the other had said, 
for a decision of the matter, 1886 Pop. Sci. Monthi 
XXVIII. 695 The scientific discovery .. around which all 
Mr. Lawes's subseq work d was the di 
ment of Liebig's mineral-ash theory. 

“ver, [f.as prec. + -ER1.] a, One who 
disproves ; a refuter. +b, A disapprover (00s.). 

1639 Wotton Dk. Buckhm. in Select. Harl. Misc. (793) 
283 A concurrence of two extremes, within so short a time, 
by most of the same di disp 1682 H. 
More Annot, ey Lux O. 68 We may observe what 


aw is of F 

i “de, v. arch. [Dis- 6.] trans. To 
fail to provide for; to leave unprovided. Hence 
Disprovi'ded 1 fp. a., unprovided, unsupplied, un- 
furnished (F, sara 5 toageh be ts wall 

-B Sadlust’ rt e shulde not 
eanordeemce mae then pb he hed vitail nough of his 
owne prouyson. 1599 Sanpys Europe S, ec. (1632) 50 
Papacie is not disprovided of his instruments to worke upon 
these also. ax691 Boye Wks. VI. 40 (R.) An impatient 
lutanist, who has his song book and his instrument ready, 


but is ry ped disprovided of strings. 1864 YLE 
Fredk. Gt. TV. 531 Much disprovi 
Dispuile, dis e, obs. ff. DesPorL. 
Dispulp (dispx'lp), v. tf Dis- 7 a+ Puxp sd.) 
trans. To remove the pulp from. 


1895 Black § White 6 A + 467/1 Dispulping coffee. \ 


a. 


DISPULVERATE. 


+B ‘Iverate, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 5.] 
trans. To dissolve into dust. 

J. Davies Holy Roode (18: 6) +3 (D.) Confusion shall 
dispulverate All that this round 6: iculer doth beare. 

jpume, -ation, var. ff. DespuME, -aTIoN. So 
Dispuma‘tious a@., characterized by despuma- 
tion; foamy, frothy. 

1819 H. Busk Vestriad u.85 The brawny Tritons .. In 
dispumatious ranks, his progress wait. 

+ Dispunct, a. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 4 + L. 
punct-us pointed.] The reverse of punctilious ; im- 
polite, discourteous, 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Aso. V’faith, master, 
let’s go.. Let’s be retrograde. Amo. Stay. That were 
dispunct to the ladies. : 

Dispunct (dispo'nkt), v. rare. [f. L. déspunct- 
ppl. stem f. déspungére to prick or mark here and 
there, in med.L. to erase (Du Cange), f. Dis- 1 + 

pungére to mark, prick.) ¢vazs. To mark with 
points or pricks of the pen; hence: a. To mark 
for erasure or omission; b. To mark for distinc- 
tion, to distinguish. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) I. 798/1, I desire the Reder 
then so to take me, as ihoaeh I did not deal here withal, 
nor speak of the matter, but utterly to haue pretermitted, 
and dispuncted the same. 1842 De Quincey Philos. Hero- 
dotus Wks. 1X. 207 All beyond Carthage, as Mauritania, 
etc... being dispuncted by no great states or colonies. 

+ Dispuw'nction. Ods. rare. [n. of action from 
L. dispungére: see prec.] The action of marking 
off by points or pricks; erasure. 

1637 Jackson Divers Sermons Wks. 1844 VI. 44. The 
dispunction or inversion of points or letters. 1644 Sir E. 
Derinc Prop. Sac*. Db, Another dispunction tells me.. 
that the very height of popery was the height of some 
designers, wherefore else should this line be blotted out? 

Dispunge (dispyndz), v. Also -sponge. [f. 
dt-, Dis- 14 spunge, SPONGE v., or L. spongtare to 
wipe away with a sponge, f. sfong?a sponge. In 
sense there is evident association with ExpuNGE, 
L, expungére ‘to prick out, strike out, erase’ (which 
also appears in modern use to be influenced by 
‘sponge’ and understood as ‘to wipe out’) ; but no 
contact of sense appears with L.dispungére to check 
off (debits and credits), balance (accounts), weigh, 
try. 
1. trans. To discharge or pour down as from a 
squeezed sponge. arch. Hence Dispwnging vi/. sd. 

1606 Suaxs. Ant. § CZ. 1v. ix. 12 Oh Soueraigne Mistris 
of true Melancholly, The poysonous dampe of night dis- 
ptnge vpon me. 1876 C. WELLS Foseph § His Brethren i. 
v. 69 Mute and perpendicular Dispungings of the hollow- 
bosom’d clouds Gutter the fruitful surface of the earth. 

+ 2. To wipe out, blot out, delete, ExpuNGE. Ods. 

1622 Srarrow Bk. Com, Prayer Pref., Quarrels .. about 
dispunging some Names out of the Diptychs. a 1639 Sir 
H. Wotton Hymn in Farr S. P. Fas. / (1848) 250 ‘Thou .. 
that has dispong’d my score. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. 
uu. i, § 13 They are to be dispunged out of the Census of 
such who act upon free principles of reason. 

Dispunishable (dispynifab’l), a. Law. [a. 
AF. dispunishable, f. Dis- 10 + punishable =F. 
punissable.) Free from liability to punishment or 
penalty ; not punishable. 

{528 J. Perkins Profit. Bk, ix. $619 Ce wast € dispunish- 
able [tr. 1642 This wast is dispunishable].] 1577 Sranyuurst 
Descr. Trel. in Holinshed (1587) U1. 26/1 If this were in 
anie dispunishable wise raked vp in the ashes .. some 
other would inkindle the like fire afresh. 1594 Wesr 
ond Pt. Symbol. § 61 Until attornement hee is dispunish- 
able of wast. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt, 27 b, Tenant in tail after 
passibility is dispunishable for waste. 1639 Of Nuisance 
to private Houses 2x If water fall on my land, and I make 
a Sluice, and let it out of my land into another mans}; this 
is dispunishable, for every man may doe this one after 
another. @1734 Nort Exam. u. v. § 24 (1740) 329 The 
Person of the Sovereign is dispunishable and incoercible by 
Force. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 82 If.. long and 
unreasonable leases are the chief cause of dilapidations .. 
much more would they be so, if they were made dispunish- 
able for waste. 1882 Lp. CoLeripcE in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 
25 Seduction, which may be more wicked, is dispunish- 
able. 

+ Dispu'nished, #//. a. Law. Ods. rare. 
[f Dis- 8 + PuNniIsHeD, rendering AF. despuni, 
depuny (13-14th c.), f. F. des-, Dis- 4 + punt 
punished.] Unpunished, free from punishment. 

1630 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) 1. App. 53 In some 
cases, criminal offences shall be tegeolebek, 

Dis le (dispd-1p’l), v. nonce-wd. [f. D1s- 
72+ PuRPLE sb.] trans. To strip of the (imperial) 
purple ; to deprive of sovereignty. 

1877 Biackie IVise Men 347 ‘Tis fit we die with crowns 
upon our head Nor beg our way dispurpled to the grave. 

+ Dispu'rpose, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Purpose sb.] trans. To defeat of its purpose. 

1607 Lingua v. i, in Hazl. Dodsiey 1X. 433 She .. seeing 
her former plots dispurposed, sends me to an old witch. 

+ Dispu'rse, v. Oés. 
BURSE after PuRSE.] = D1IsBuRSE, DEPURSE. 

1593 Suaks. 2 Hen, VJ, ut. i. 117 Many a Pound of mine 
owne proper store... Haue I dis-pursed [o/. 4 disbursed] 
to the Garrisons, And neuer ask’d for restitution. 1625-49 .5c. 
Acts Chas. I (1814) VI. 9 (Jam.) The estaits declaires they 
will sie the said John Kenneday .. repayit of quhat he sall 
agrie for, dispurse, or give out for outreiking of the said 


ship. 
Vo. II. 


[An alteration of Dis- . 


» They of mountalban be dyspurueyd of mete. 1530 Pa 


| 
| 
| 


497 


+ Dispurvey’, 2. Olds. Forms: 5 des-, dys-, 
-porvey, 5-6 -pourvey, 5- dispurvey. [a. OF. 
desporveeir, -porvetr, -porveer (12th c. in Littré), 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + forveetr to'provide: see PuRvEY.] 

trans. To rob or strip of provision ; to render 
destitute. Chiefly in pa. pple. désperveyed ( = OF. 
desporveti, mod.F. dépourvu), unprovided, destitute. 

©1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. x. (1544) 21 b, Thei be caught dis- 
urueyed of defence. 1481-4 E. Paston in Paston Lett. 

o. 859 III. 280, I am not assartaynd how she is purveyde 
of mony .. I woold not se her dysporveyd, yf 1 myght. 
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 69 Olyuer whyche was thus dys- 
ourueyed of his hors. ¢ 1489 — Sonnes of Aymor xix. 418 


GR. 
521/2, I dispourvey, I unprovyde. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin 
on Deus, xcii. 570 Wee shall be dispurv@ied and stript out 
of all thinges. 1609 Hrywoop Brit. Troy vi. xc. 133 ‘They 
dispuruey their vestry of such ‘Treasure As they may 
spare. 

Hence + Dispurvey’ed ///. a., unprovided, un- 
prepared. (=OF. desporveii.) 

14.. Lypc. & Burcu Secvecs 2417 Upon thy Enemy renne 
not sodeynly, Ne dispurveyed. 1483 Caxton Gold. /eg. 
tor b/r And he despourueyd, deth cometh whyche taketh 
all frohym. 1484 — Czrtad/ 14 To be drowned by theyr dys- 
pourueyed aduysement. 1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. 422 [He] 
gatheryd hym an vnredy and dispurueyed_ hoost for the 
warre, 1580 Baret A/v. D 919 Dispurueied of frends: 
lacking frends, /nops ab anticis. 

+ Dispurvey‘ance. (és. rare. [f. prec., after 
PcrRvVEYANCE.] Want of provisions ; destitution. 

1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. x. 10 Daily siege, through dispur- 
vayance long And lacke of reskewes, will to parley drive. 

Disputabi'lity. [f. next +-1ry.] The quality 
or fact of being disputable; a disputable matter. 

1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. UI. iv. § 3. 168 notet Their very 
disputability proves the state. above alleged, 1892 W. W. 
Peyron Mem. Fesus vii. 205 History is a vast disputability. 

Disputable disspiztab’l, dispiz tab’), a. (sd.) 
[ad. L. disputabzl’s that may be disputed, f. ds- 
putareto Dispute. Cf. 16th c. F. dzsputadle.} 

1. That may be disputed, questioned, or discussed ; 
liable to be called in question, contested, or con- 
troverted ; questionable. 

1548 Hat Chron., Hen. IV (an. 11) 30 Which thyng is 
nether materiall nor disputable. 1587 FLeminc Contn. 
Holinshed \11. 1347/1 Vhisis a matter disputable in Schooles. 
1638 Sir T. Herpert 7%av. (ed. 2) 333 Of Japan.. Whether 
it bee an Ile or no, is disputable. 1658-9 Lurton's Diary 
(1828) III. 114 It is disputable to me that all power is in 
the people. 1724 Swirt Drapier’s Lett, Wks. 1755 V. 11. 
38 Until any point is determined to be a law, it remains 
disputable by every subject. 1853 J. H. Newman ///st. 
Sk. (1873) IL. 1. iii. 125 Let us put aside theories and dis- 
putable points. ; Ei ‘ 

+ 2. Ready or inclined to dispute ; disputatious. 
“1600 SHaxs. A. ¥. LZ. ut. v. 36, I haue bin all this day to 
auoid him: He is too disputeable for my companie. 

+ B. as sd. A disputable matter. Ods. 

1649 G. DanteL 7rinarch. The Author 7 The intricate 
pussle of Disputables. 1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dudit. 1. 
lv, This discourse of all the disputables in the world. 

Disputableness. [f. prec. + -nrss.] The 
quality of being disputable. 

1660 Fisher Rustich’s Alarm Wks. (1679) 279 Nothing 
that savours of more than Dubiousness and Disputable- 
ness it self. 1661 T. Puitirs Long Parlt. Rev. (R.), 
The disputableness and unwarrantableness of their authority, 
1685 H. More Paralip. Prophet. 42 Both. .acknowledge an 
uncertainty and disputableness in some.. Kings Reigns. 

Disputably, adv. [f. as prec.+-Ly2.] Ina 
disputable manner or degree ; questionably. 

1836 Lytron A ¢hens (1837) I. 279 Linus and Thamyris, 
and, more disputably, Orpheus, are .. precursors of Homer. 

+ Disputa‘city. ds. [irreg. f. Dispuratious, 
as if disputactous: cf. pugnactous, pugnacity, and 
see -ACITY.] = DISPUTATIOUSNESS. , 

1660 H. More JZyst. Godl. 472 Fruitlesse disputacity. 
1672 Mede’s Wks., Life 18 Addicted to a disingenuous 
humour of Disputacity. @1711 Ken Hymmnotheo Poet. 
Wks. 1721 III. 337 But Disputacity the Mind confounds. 

Disputant (disspiztaint), a. and sd. [a. L. dis- 
putant-em, pr. pple. of disputare to DISPUTE: see 
-ant.] A. adj. That disputes; disputing: engaged 
in dispute or controversy. 

1671 Mitton P. R. tv. 218 Thou.. there wast found 
Among the gravest Rabbies, disputant On points and ques- 
tions fitting Moses’ chair, 17x SHartess. Charac. Vv. ii. 
(1737) III. 214 After the known way of Disputant Hostility. 
1870 Pall Mall G. 5 Nov. x Time for disputant nations 
to recover their calmness .. may possibly be secured. 

B. sb. One who disputes or argues; esp. a public 
debater or controversialist. 

1612 DEKKER /¢ be not good Wks. 1873 III. 276 Hisse 
babling fooles, But crowne the deepe-braind disputant. 
¢1645 Howe, Lett. (1650) II. 16 A quick and pressing 
disputant in logic and philosophy. 1791 Boswe.t Yohnson 
an. 1763 (1831) I. 421 [Goldsmith]..was enabled to pursue his 
travels..partly by demanding at the Universities to enter 
the lists asa disputant. 1840 Mitt Diss. § Disc. (1875) I. 
408 Disputants are rarely. . good judges. 

Disputation (dispivtzi fon). Also 4 -acioun, 
4-6 -acion, -atioun, 5-6 dys-. [ad. L. disputa- 
tion-em, n. of action from azsputare to DISPUTE; 
perh. immed. a. F. désputation (15th c. in Littré). 
The earlier word was Disputisoun, of which ds- 
putation may be viewed as a refashioning after 
the L. original.] 


DISPUTATIVENESS. 


1. The action of disputing or debating (questions, 
etc.) ; controversial argument ; debate, discussion, 
controversy. 

c1450 Merlin 139 So indured longe the disputacion be- 
twene hemtweyne. 1489 Barbour’s Brzce 1. 250 Than mayss 
clerkis questioun, Quhen thai fall in disputacyoun. [7%e 
original of 1375 had prob. disputisoun.] 1§26 Pilgr. Pers. 
(W. de W. 1531) 38 b, Let vs leue this disputacyon and 
reasonynge. 156 I’. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 30 For one 
litle wordes sake, they wer so whote in disputation, 1663 
Butter Hud. 1. 1. 77 Tied run in Debt by Disputation, And 
pay with Ratiocination, 1758 Jounson /d/erx No. 19 ® 3 In 
the heat of disputation. 1880 MeCartuy Ow Times 1V. 
Ixiii. 427 He had a keen relish for theological disputation. 

b. with @ and f/. A discussion, a dispute. 

1587 N. T. (Rhem.) Row. xiv. 1 Him that is weake in the 
fayth, take vnto you, but not to enter into doubtful dispu- 
tations of controuersies. 1570 Der AZath, Pref. 25, 1 was 
.. by certaine earnest disputations .. therto so prouoked. 
1852 RoseRTSON Sev. Ser. iv. xix. (1876) 246 The church 
was filled with disputations. 1858 J. Martineau S?zad. 
Chr. 208 With one of these..to hold a disputation. 

@. spec. An exercise in which parties formally 
sustain, attack, and defend a question or thesis, as 
in the medizeval schools and universities. 

1gsr ‘I. Witson Logike (1567) 61a, That is called a dispu- 
tacion or reasonyng of matters, when certaine persones 
debate a cause together, and one taketh part contrary 
vnto an other, 1612 Brinstey Lad. Lit. 281 [They] haue 
a disputation for the victorship once euery quarter of the 
yeare. 1726 Amuerst Zev /’il. xx. 103 Academical dis- 
putations are two-fold, ordinary and extraordinary 3; ..extra- 
ordinary disputations I call those which are perform’d in 
the public’schools of the university, as requisite qualifications 
for degrees. 1838 Prescorr Ferd. & /s. (1846) I. vill. 344 
To visit the academ where they mingled in disputation. 
1870 Jevons Elent. Logic xviii. (1890) 152 In former centuries 
it was, indeed, the pra e for all students at the Univer- 
sities to take part in public disputations, during which 
elaborate syllogistic arguments were put forward by one 
side and confuted by precise syllogisms on the other side. 

attrib. 1760 Gotpsm. Cit. W. Ixvili. » 10, I have. .drawn 
up a disputation challenge. .to this effect. 

+2. Written discussion or treatment ofa question; 
a dissertation. Ods. 

@ 1533 Fritx (¢/¢/e), A Disputacion of Purgatorye; divided 
into thre bokes. 1615 Crooke Body of Alan 45 ‘This dis- 
putation concerning the number of the principall parts. 

_ +38. Doubtful or disputable condition; doubt. Ods. 

1549 ALLEN Jude's Par. Rev. 34 Let vs content .. oure 
selfes with this, in this doubte and dysputacyon, 1689 
Prot. Garland 2 For without all Disputation, I shall never 
trouble you. 

+4. Interchange of ideas; discourse, conversa- 
tion. Ods. (A doubtful sense.) 

1596 SHaxs. x /fen. 7V, in. i. 206, I vnderstand thy 
Kisses, and thou mine, And tha a feeling disputation. 
1599 — //en. I, ut. ii. ror Captaine Mackmorrice .. will 
you voutsafe me, looke you, a few disputations with you. 

Disputatious (dispivtéifas},a. Also 7-8 
-acious., [f. prec.: see -ouS.] Characterized by, 
or given to, disputation; inclined to dispute or 
wrangle; contentious. 

1660 H. More Mis?, God?. 69,1 shall remit the disputa- 
cious to the mercy of Seine tivces 1768-74 ‘TUCKER 
Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 61 In this divided disputatious world one 
must not expect to travel any road long without a check. 
1818 Scott Nob Roy xii, The wine rendered me loquacious, 
disputatious, and quarrelsome. 1848 Mrs. JAMESON Sacr, 
§ Leg. Art (1850) 115 ‘Those were disputatious days. 

Disputa‘tiously, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly*.] 
In a disputatious manner; contentiously. 

1864 in Wesster. 1871 Daily News 18 Aug,, [In railway 
accidents] injuries..may be disputatiously litigated. 

Disputa‘tiousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS ] 
The quality of being disputatious. ; 

1681 I’hole Duty Nations 3 A scrupulosity, and Dispu- 
tatiousness about Externals and Forms in Religion. 1796 
Lame Le?z, (1888) I. 41 But enough of this spirit of dispu- 
tatiousness. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comsnv. 1. 360 The inherent 
disputatiousness and perversity .. of bodies of men. 

Disputative (dispivtativ), a. [a. late L. as- 
putativ-us (Cassiodorus), f. désputat-, ppl. stem of 
disputdre to DISPUTE: see -ATIVE.] 

1. Characterized by or given to disputation ; dis- 
putatious. 

1579 G. Harvey Le/ter-bk. (Camden) 72 The disputative 
appetite of Doctor Busbye. 1630 B. Jonson New Jun m1. ii, 
Thou hast a doctor's look, A face disputative, of Salamanca. 
1787 Map. D’Arstay Diary 6 Mar., I told him I was in no 
disputative humour. 1788 777/ler No. 23. 303 The cavils 
of the disputative. 1890 Miss S. J. Duncan Soc. Departure 
57 The critic. .most disputative of its positions. 

+2. That is the subject of disputation or dispute ; 
controversial ; controverted. Ods. 

1581 Sipney Aol. Poetrie (Arb.) 31 The Phylosopher .. 
teacheth a disputatiue vertue. 1589 NasHE Pref. to Greene's 
Menaphon Arb.) 14, I had rather referre it, as a disputatiue 
pleato Diuines. 1708 LutrrEt Brief Rel. (1857) VI.270[ He] 
reported the method of ballotting in disputative elections. 

3. Of or pertaining to disputation. 

1664 H. More Adyst. /nig. Apol. 547 Which Knowledge 
of the Lord .. is not certainly any Disputative Subtilty or 
curious Decision. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. VI. Ixxii. 278 
The oddest of all their disputative exhibitions. 

Hence Dispu'tatively adv., in a disputative or 
contentious manner, disputatiously; Dispu‘tative- 
ness, the quality of being disputatious. 

1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 7, 1..onely assay problemati- 
cally, and as our schoolemen tearme it, disputatiuely, what 
may therin appeere most probable. 1836 G. S. Faser Pritt 

63 


DISPUTATOR. 


Doctr, Election (849) 224 Disputativeness. 1842— Provinc. 
Lett. (1844) I. 203 In such a case of dogged disputative- 
ness. 1860 Reave Cloister §& H. 11. 316 ‘ There, now’, said 
Catherine, disputatively. 
Disputator. rare. [a. L. disputator, agent- 
noun f. disputare.] A disputer, a disputant. 

1637 Gittesrie Lng. Pop. Cerem. m. viii. 179 No man in 
the Councell ought to have a judiciarie voice, unlesse he 
bee withall a Disputator. . 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. 
Ref. I. 447 How different a disputator was Johann Eck! 

Dis pute (dispizt),v. Forms: 3-6 despute, 
4 despuite, despout, dispite, 4-5 dispoyte, dis- 
puit(e, 4-6 dyspute, 6 dysspote, 4- dispute. 

ME. des-, dispute, a. OF. despute-r (12th ¢. in 

ittré), mod.F. d#sputer (=Pr. desputar, Sp. dis- 
putar, It. disputare), ad. L. disputare to compute, 
estimate, investigate, treat of, discuss, in Vulg. to 
dispute, contend in words; f. Dis- 1 + putdre to 
compute, reckon, consider.] 

I. intransitive. 

1. To contend with opposing arguments or asser- 
tions ; to debate or discourse argumentatively ; to 
discuss, argue, hold disputation ; often, to debate 
in a vehement manner or with altercation about 
something. 

a 1225 [See DisputinG v7. sd.). 

crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 94/72 For-to desputi a-3ein a 30ng 
womman. _¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. vy. metr. iv. 166 Pe 
porche .. of pe toune of athenis ber as philosophres hadde 
hir congregacioun to dispoyten. c1400 Afol. Loll. Introd. 
15 As if two persones dispitiden to gidre. 155: TV. Witson 
Logike GeNaa. note, Fower questions necessarie to bee 
made of any matter, before we despute. 1588 SHaks. 1. 1... 
v. i. 69 Thou disputes like an Infant: goe whip thy Gigge. 
1660 Jer. Taytor I orthy Commun. Introd. 1o My purpose 
is not to dispute but to persuade. 1766 Forpyce Sera. 
Yung. Wom, (1767) II. xi. 158 .Be it your ambition to prac- 
tise, not to dispute. 1845 5. Austin Aanke's /ist. Ref. 1. 
445 He .. took long journeys,—for example, to Vienna and 

3ologna,—expressly to dispute there. 

b. Const. adout, + against, + of, on, upon a sub- 

ject ; wth, against an opponent. 

a 1280 [See Disrutine 76/. sb.]. c 1290 [See above.] 

a 1300 Cursor AM. 8970 (Cott.) Quen pat pis sibele and 
pe kyng Disputed had o mani thing. c1300 /d/d. 1973 
(Edin.) Paul... faste disputid wip be griues. c 1305 Fe. 
mund Conf. 255 in E. FE. P. (1862) 77 As pis holi man 
in diuinite Desputede, as hit was his wone, of pe trinite. 
ax42z0 Hoccreve De Reg. Princ. 379 Of our feithe wole 
I not dispute at alle. 1539 Bist (Great) Acts ix. 29 He 
spake and disputed agaynst the Grekes. 1597 Suaxs. Hove. 
& Ful. 1. iii. 63 (Qo. 1) Let me dispute with thee of thy 
estate. 1604 — O¢A. 1. ii. 75 Ile haue't disputed on. 1631 
Star Chamb, Cases(Camden) 58 My Lord Keeper tould him 
it was noe tyme to dispute with the sentence, but to obey. 
1648 Symmons Vind. Chas. /,7 A Bill was proferred and 
disputed upon concerning a Fleet. 1655 Stantey ///st. 
Philos, wu. (1701) 77/1 Whosoever disputed with him of what 
subject soever. 1775 JoHnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 20 May, 
I dined in a large company .. yesterday, and disputed 
against toleration with one Doctor Meyer. 1847 Emerson 
Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) 1. 378 The Emperor told 
Josephine that he disputed like a devil qgthese two points. 

+2. To contend otherwise than With arguments 

(e.g. with arms) ; to strive, struggle. Ods. 

1659 B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 131 He lost yet three 
Regiments more; whereby he was taught... that he must 
dispute lustily, to get any advantage upon him. 1828 Scorr 
FM. Perth xxix, Simon felt a momentary terror, lest he 
should have to dispute for his life with the youth, 

II. transitive. 
3. To discuss, debate, or argue (a question). 
a. with sudord. cl. 

(Originally zutrans., the clause being a kind of cognate 
object, specifying the matter in dispute (cf. ‘I dreamed that 
I saw’, etc.); but at length ¢vans., and so passive in quots. 
1736, 1850.) 

1340 Ayendh. 79 Pe yealde filozofes pet zuo byzylyche des- 
putede and zo3ten huet wes pe hezeste guod ine pise lyue. 
1382 Wycur Mark ix. 34 Thei disputiden among hem in 
the weie, who of hem schulde be more. STARKEY 
England 1. ii. 54 To dyspute wych of thys rulys ys best.. 
me semyth superfluouse. t Ray Creation 1. trea) 70, 
1 will not dispute what Gravity is. 1736 Butter Amad. 1, 
i. Wks. 1874 I. 155 It may possibly be disputed, how far 
miracles can prove natural Religion. 1833 Ht, MArtinrau 
Briery Creek iv. 86 How long will the two parties go on dis- 
puting whether luxury bea virtue or acrime? 1850 MeCosn 
Div. Govt. uu. i. (1874) 331 It has often been disputed whether 
virtue has its seat among the faculties or the feelings. 

b. with simple object (orig. representing or 
equivalent to a clause). 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 775 He sayde to 
her..that he would no more dispute the matter. 1526-34 
Tinvace Mark ix. 33 What was it that ye ong Fae bytwene 
you by the waral 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 553 Many 
doubts were moved and disputed. 1611 Suaks. Wint, 7. 1. 
iv. 411 Can he speake? heare ? Know man from man? Dis- 
pute his owne estate? Mitton /’. ZL. v. 822 Shalt thou 

* dispute With him the points of libertie, who made Thee 
what thou art? 1820 Scorr Addot xxxvii, We may disp 


498 


a. To call in question or contest the validity or 
accuracy of a statement, etc., or the existence of a 
thing. The opposite of 4o maintain or defend. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 811 Sith he is nowe 
king..I purpose not to dispute his title. 1651 Honses 
Leviath, u. xxix. 168 Men are disposed to. . dispute the com- 
mands of the Commonwealth. 1701 De For 7rne-born 
Eng. Pref., As to Vices, who can dispute our Int 


DISQUALIFICATION. 


1608 Hieron Defence 1. 165 Thus..am I come to an 
end of this dispute. 1655 Stantey //ist, Philos. m. {2701} 
120/1 He was the first that committed the disputes 
Socrates his Master to writing. 1678 Cupwortn /nfedi, 
Syst. 1. i. § 22. 21 His I and Disp i 
the Immortality of the Soul. 172g tr. Dupin's Eect. Hist. 
17thC. I. v. 65 The Name also of Di: was given to 
Sermons. 1831 Brewster , Newton (1852) IL. xv. 62 Trying 


p ? 
1770 Funius Lett. xxxvii. 182 The truth of these declara- 
tions .. cannot decenily be disputed. x 
Selkirk i, 1am monarch of all I survey, 
none to dispute. J.S. Mitt in Westm, Rev. 1. 535 
No one .. will dispute to Johnson the title of an admirer of 
Shakspeare. 1885 Fox in Law Rep. 15 Q. Bench Div. 173 
A bill of sale .. the validity of which is disputed by a 
trustee. . 

‘b. To controgert (a person). 

1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 111. 114 To dispute him 
here, is to question foundations. 1H. More Death's 
Vis. viii. note 32 (1713) 33 He would Dispute the Devil upon 
that Question. 1845 ~ W. Corr Puritanism 280 Belknap 
could dispute Hutchinson about the quarrelsomeness of the 
Puritans in Holland. 

6. To encounter, oppose, contest, strive against, 
resist (an action, etc.). 

1605 Suaks. Afach. ww. iii. 219 Dispute it like a man. 1720 
Independent Whig (1728) No. 36. 320 [He] shall find no 
Mercy, if he disputes to bend to their Usurpations. 17. 
Col. Rec. Pennsyl. 1V. 251 Threatening to shoot the 
said Lowdon if he disputed doing what was required of him. 
1748 Anson's Voy. i. xii. 265 They..seemed resolved to dis- 
pute his landing. 1884 L'paol Mercury 3 Mar. 5/2 The 
Soudanese..chose Teb..as the ground upon which to dispute 
the advance of the British troops on Tokar. 

7. To contend or compete for the possession of ; 
to contest a prize, victory, etc. 

1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 575 If Parthenissa had 
been a spectator, she must have confest her self too well dis- 
puted. 1705 Bosman Guinea 14 The English. .several times 
disputed the Ground with the Brandenburghers. 1734 tr. 
Rollin's Anc, Hist. (1827) 1, Pref. 41 The poets disputed 
the prize of poetry. 1761 Hume //ist, Eng. II. Ixi. 328 
‘The Pattle of Warsaw. .had been obstinately disputed during 
the space of three days. 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
IV. xvii. 47 We..wonder..that every inch of ground was 
not disputed in arms, 3 : 

pe d 8. To move or influence by disputation; to 
argue zito or out of something. 

{Immediately from the intrans. sense 1; cf. ‘to talk any 
one into’ or ‘out of’.] 

fs Jer. Taytor Lid. Proph. Ep. Ded. 3 It would not be 
very hard to dispute such men into mercies and compliances. 
1652 NeEDHAM Se/den's Mare Cl. Ep. Ded. 5 ‘To assert his 
own Interest and dispute them into a reasonable submission. 
1695 Preserv. Protest. Relig. Motive of Revolution 12 The 
Roman Catholics would have disputed us out of our Re- 
ligion. a1732 Atrersury Lxke xvi. 31 (Seager) One reason 
why a man is capable of being disputed out of the truth. 

Dispute dispi7t), sd. [f the vb.; =F. dispute, 
It., Sp., Pg. d7sputa.] 

1. The act of disputing or arguing against ; active 
verbal contention, controversy, debate. 

(In first quot. almost certainly the verb. infin. 

[1300 Career M. 20793 (Cott.) Disput, he [St. Jerome] 
sais, es na mister.] 1638 Sir T. Herwert 7raz. (ed. 2) 74 
Without more fare wate or delay [he] commands them all to 
execution. 1655 Stantry //ist, Philos. 1. (1701) 91/2 He 
was visited by his Friend, with whom he past the time in dis- 

ute after his usual manner. a 534 Wes ey Princ. Methodist 8 
That once was in the Heat of Dispute. 1856 Froupe ///s?. 
Eng. (1858) 1. i. 14 It is ac matter of di whether 
landed estates should be large or small. x owetT /’"lato 
(ed. 2) IV. 31 We may make a few admissions which will 
narrow the field of dispute. 

b. Phr. Jz dispute: that is disputed, debated, 
in controversy. Leyond, out of, past, without dis- 
pute: past controversy, unquestionably, indis- 
putably. 

1659 B. Harris Parival s Jron Age 232 The Kingdom of 
Bohemiawas. .put out of dispute with Silesia, Moravia. 
1682 Drypen MacFlecknoe 5 Flecknoe..In prose and verse 
was owned without saps “hrough all the realms of Non- 
sense absolute. 1698 Fryer Acc. £, /ndia § P. 405 A thing 
beyond dispute. 1704 Locke (J.), To bring as a proof an 
hypothesis which is the very thing in dispute. 1745 P. 

Homas FYrni. Anson's Voy. 152 We, who could without 
Dispute sail much better. 1781 Cowrer 7yuth 106 Which 
is the saintlier worthy of the two? ‘ Past all dispute, yon 
anchorite’, say you. 1818 Jas, Mitt Brit. /ndia 11, w. vii. 
263 The .. necessity of such a fund ..was pronounced to be 
without dispute. 182g Macautay Zss., Milton (1854) 1.17/1 
To call a free parliament and to submit to its decision all 
the matters in dispute. 

2. An occasion or instance of the same; an argu- 
mentative contention or debate, a controversy; also, 
in weakened -seuse, a difference of opinion; freq. 
with the added notion of vehemence, a heated con- 
tention, a quarrel. 

1611 Corcr., Dispute, a dispute, difference, debate, alter- 
cation, 1638 Prynnr Arie/e Xelat. 19 If I may be d 


to engage him in philoso 
Ppeonliags 5 + nee logical aygaset Ole. rare. Rat 
=e 1 ooxer Lecl. Pol. ui. xi. § 1o These are but weake 
y right there is feeble disp for the i re of that conclusion. 
Jbid. m1. xi. § 18, I might have added .. their more familiar 
and popular disputes. 
T 3° Strife, contest ; a fight or struggle. Ods. 


1647-8 CorrrreL. Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 25 Ep d were 
taken prisoners without much dispute. B. Harris 
Parival’s Iron Age 282 After four houres dispute, the Dutch 
endeavoured to get away. 1667 Mitton ?. ZL, vi. 123 He 
who in debate of Truth hath won, Should win in Arms, in 
disputes alike Victor. 1709 Lond.Gaz. No. 4540/5 The Bristol 
had a very warm Dispute with the af 2 Ships of the 
Enemy. a 1745 Swirr Stephen in Lett. (1768) IV. 297 The 
Scots..were. .after a sharp disp entirely defe 

4. attrib., as dispute benefit, pay, pay to members 
of a trades’ union while on strike or locked out.” 

1892 Star 1 Mar. 3/3 They have been receiving dispute 
pay from their union, 1895 Daily News 19 Ang. 5/2 Three- 
quarters of a million on dispute ts, half a million on 


| out-of-work benefits. 


Disputed (dispitéd), pp/. a. [f. prec. vb. + 
-ED!,] That is made the subject of dispute, debate, 
or contention ; debated, contested. 

1611 Corcr., Disputé, disputed, debated. 1703 Rowe 
Ulyss.u. i. 928 The dispu Field at last is ours. 1719 
De For Crusoe (1840) I. xv. 264 Disputed points in relig 
1807 Scorr Kam. Let. 15 May (1894) I> iii. 74 The tempest 
of disputed election was raging in every town. .through 
which I . 855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 127 All 
along the line .. there was long a disputed territory. 


tT; wiry crren’ a. Obs. rare. [f. Dispute sb. 


+ -FUL.] Given to disputing ; disputatious. 
1631 R. H. Arvaignm. Whole Creature x. § 3. 87 A doubt- 
full Didimist in this poinct, or a disputefull Scepticke. 
i ‘teless, a. rare—°. [f. DISPUTE + LEss.] 
1730-6 Baitey (folio), Disputeless, without or free from 
dispute; also not apt to disp 1758 Jon , Dispute- 
Zess, undisputed, uncontrovertible. Hence in later Dicts. 
Disputer (dispivter). Also 5 -ar, 5-6 dys-. 
[f. Dispure v.+-ER1!.] One who disputes ; one 


| who is given to disputation or controversy; a dis- 


putant. 

: 1434 Misyn Mending of Life 121 Hard sentens to disputars 
.. be left. 1529 Sufplic. to King 23 The.. teachinge of 
suche scole men & aus disputers. 1; Biste (Great) 
1 Cor. i. 20 Where is the disputer of this worlde? 1643 
Mitton Divorce 1. iii. (1851) 70 In this controversie the 
justice of God stood upright ev’n ng heathen disp 
1725 Watts Logic u. iii. § 3 (6) Your t disputers and 
your men of controversy are in continual danger of this sort 
of prejudice. eg, Penge Plato (ed, 2) I. 468 Great dis- 
puters .. come to think .. that they have grown to be the 
wisest of mankind, re 

ting —- , vil. sb. [f. as prec, + 
-inG!.] The action of the vb, DispuTe in various 
senses ; disputation ; debate ; controversy. 

a 1225 Leg. Kath, 561 Ah 3et me punched betere pt ha beo 
ear ouercumen Wid hay sone arago Owl & Night. 875 
3if thu gest her-of to a bet thane thu 
singe. 1526-34 T'inpace Acts xv. 2 Ther was rysen dissencion 
a disputinge. 1548 Hatt Chron. Hen. 8 go b, 

ER. 


Sober in communicacion in disputyng. 
Tavior Gt. Exemp. Ep. Ded. § Such is the nature of dis. 


ti that t begin commonly in mistakes. 1881 Mrs, 
une Childe. ley 111 Hills oar rocks stand now as then, 
regardless of the disputings of East and West. 


Disputing a, [f. as . + -ING 2.) 
That disputes os to dispute, dheptestions 

1645 Mitton 7etrach, (1851) 159 Man Gaputing Theo, 
logians. 1691 Hartcuirre Virtues 333 The losophy of 
the Disputing Greeks, 1762 Gotpsm. Cit, W. cxi. P 7 The 
stake, fagot, and the disputing doctor in some measure 
ennoble the opinions they are brought to oppose, 

+ Dispu'tisoun. O/s. Forms: 3 desputisun, 
4 -isoun, -eson, despitusoun, -esoun, disputi- 
so(u)n, -isun, -eso(u)n, -pitesoun, -peticioun, 
5 -petison. [a. OF. desputeisun, -on, -atsun, 
-esun, -tson, -isson, disp-, early ad. L. disputation- 
em, with prefix and suffix conformed to their popular 
types: see -aTion, and cf. oreisun, On1son. The 
regular ME. type, but superseded in 15th c. by the 
latinized DisPuTation, q.v. mene % 

S. Eng. Leg. 1. da re was i-nome 
Pritine «bh Sireens beste rs 1300 Cursor M.1 sca 
A ge bd aap a peer we oR. Epes C  (atiao) 
n, 
wo Fs wugned gobs eahen, su Wee Raa ae e2 Es 


a faire dispute, on faire termes .. [ will maintaine .. the 


it upon the road. F 

+4. To maintain, uphold, or defend (an assertion, 
cause, etc.) by argument or disputation; to argue 
or contend (that something is so). ? Ods. 

1610 Br, CarLeton Yurisd. Pref, 1 haue disputed the 
— right with a good conscience, from the rules of Gods 
word. 1668 Cutrerrer & Cote Barthol. Anat, 1. i. 3 The 
vapor growing into the like nature ,. as Casserus rightly 
disputes. 1713 Swirt Cadenus § Vanessa po: ong 
she offer'd to p att Alone distinguish’d man from brute, 

5, To argue against, contest, controvert. 


ge ag: all the Prelates. 1696 tr. Du Mont’s Voy. 
Levant 17 Being engag’d in a pretty warm di i 
some Officers. 1776 7rial of Nundocomar 96/1 was 
a dispute between Bollakey Doss’s widow and Pudmohun 
Doss. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. “| V. 310 Disputes arose 
between [them] respecting the validity of this will. 1855 
Macautay Hist. Eng. IIL. xvii, Di gender disp 
Mod. The dispute in the trade will, it is hoped, be settled 
without a strike. 4 

+b. An oral or written discussion of a subject in 
which arguments for and against are set forth and 
examined. Ods. 


dmi re Pp — — Rom. pS 1 Take 3¢ a syk = 
n bileue, not in deceptaciouns [ géoss, or iciouns 
of thou3tis. ¢ 1386 Cues Merch. 7.230 As al on Ge 

te with | altercacioun Bitwixen freendes in disputisoun (4/5. Har. 


disp , 4 ASS. disp }. ae Loxeuicn Grail 
xlv. 730 Tyl it happed vppon a day t theke dispetison 
3¢ comen & say. 
4 dispytie, obs. ff. Despisr, Despite. 
ualification (diskwo:lifiké!-fon). [n, of 

action from DisQUuALIFY ; see -ATION. 

1. The action of disqualifying or depriving of re- 
quisite qualifications ; spec. legal incapac ; 
also, the fact or condition of being disqualified. 


DISQUALIFY. 


1770 Burke Pres. Discont.(R.), The fault of overstraining 
popular Csr and. .asserting rope privileges, has led 
to disqualification. 1789 Coustit. U.S. 1. § 3 Removal from 
office, and sar cpeerrgo to hold any office. 1878 Lecxy 
Eng. in 18th C. 1. vii. 405 Another deep line of disquali- 
fication was introduced into Irish life. 

2. That which disqualifies or prevents from being 
gualified ; a ground or cause of incapacitation. 

1711-14 Spectator (J.), It is recorded as a sufficient dis- 
qualification of a wife, that, speaking of her husband, she 
said, God forgive him. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xviii, 
I hope you don’t think good looks a disqualification for the 
business. 1870 Emerson Soc. § Solit, Wks. (Bohn) III. 5 
In society, high advantages are set down to the individual 
as disqualifications. 

Disq (diskwo'lifei), v. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Quatiry. - Cf. mod.F. dégualifier.] trans. To 
deprive of the qualifications required for some pur- 
pose ; to render unqualified ; to unfit, disable. 

1733 [see Disquatiryinc]. 1733 Swirr On Poetry, A 
Rhapsody 41 Disqualify'’d by fate To rise in church, or 
law, or state. 1736 — Let. 22 Apr. Wks. 1814 XIX. 24 My 
common illness 1s of that kind which utterly disqualifies me 
for all conversation; I mean my deafness. [Cf. ib. 143 
(1737) A long fit of deafness hath unqualified me for con- 
versing.] 1753 Hanway 7 rav. (1762) I. vit. xci. 416 Nor do 
their colder regions disqualify them for friendship. 1837 
J. H. Newman Prophet. Of: Ch. 180 What force preposses- 
sions have in disqualifying us from searching Scripture 
dispassionately for ourselves. 1880 L. SrepHen /ofe iv. 
zog Strong passions and keen sensibilities may easily dis- 
qualify a man for domestic tranquility. 

b. spec. To deprive of legal capacity, power, or 
right ; to incapacitate legally ; to pronounce un- 
qualified ; = DISABLE v. 2. 


1732 Swirt Sacr. Test Wks. 1778 IV. 290 The church of 


England is the only body of Christians which in effect dis- 
ualifies those, who are employed to preach its doctrine, from 
sharing in the civil power, farther than as senators. 1741 
Miuppteton Cicero I. vi. 550 Disqualifying all future Consuls 
and Preetors, from holding any province, till five years after 
the expiration of their Magistracies. 1838 THirLWALt Greece 
III. xxiv. 333 His youth did not disqualify him for taking 
part in the public counsels, as it did for military command. 
1884 GLADSTONE in Standard 29 Feb. 2/6 Persons having 
such joint ownership. .ought not to’be disqualified. 
ec. refl.and zxtr. To represent or profess oneself 
to be disqualified ; to deny or disparage one’s own 
qualifications. 

1754 RicHARDSON Grandison (1781) II, xxxi. 290 Dis- 
qualify now ; can’t you, my dear? Tell fibs..Say you are 
not a fine girl. RR on: Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xliii. 479 It is 
usual for the Speaker to disqualify himself for the office. 

Hence Disqualified /A/. a. 

1718 Freethinker No. 69 ® to In favour of the disqualified 
Gentlemen. 1726 Aytirre Parergon 116 Unworthy and 
disqualified Persons. 


“esp. ander ove ipl. a. [f. prec. + -1NG 2.] 
That disqualifies; incapacitating, disabling ; self- 
depreciating. 

1723 ArsutHnot in Szi/t’s Lett. (1766) 11. 31 Lord Whit- 
worth, our Peeoumisry, had this disease, (which .. is a 
little disqualifying for that employment). 1754 RicHarDsON 
Grandison (1781) I. v. 23, I love not to make disqualifying 
speeches; by such we seem to intimate that we believe the 
complimenter to be in earnest. 1891 Athenwum 26 Dec. 
874/2 The enforced retirement .. of many public servants 
when they have attained the disqualifying age. 

Disquarlity. nonce-wd. [D1s- 9.] Defect. 

1863 Lp. Lennox Biog. Remtin. 1. 7 The latter quality, 
or, strictly speaking, disquality, rendering him a fair subject 
for a hoax. 

Disquamation, obs. f. DEsquAMATION. So 
Disquama;tor (see quot.). 

° 2 Buiount Glossogr., Disguamation, a scaling of fish, 

a taking off the shell or bark. 1674 Jdid. (ed. 4), Disgua- 
mator, a Chyrurgéon’s or Apothecaries Instrument, to take 
off the scum, rind or bark of any thing. 

Disquantity (diskworntiti), v. [f Dis- 7a 
+ QUANTITY 50. 

1. trans. To lessen in quantity ; to diminish. 

1605 Suaks, Lear 1, iv. 270 Be then desir’d By her. . A little 
todisquantity your Traine. 1633 T. Apams £xf. 2 Peter iii. 
9 [God] disquantitied his [Gideon’s] forces from thirty-two 
thousand to three hundred. 

2. To deprive of metrical quantity. 

1866 LoweLt Swindurne’s Trag. Prose Wks. 1890 II. 130 
The Earl of Orford .. used to have Statius read aloud to 
him every night for two hours by a tipsy tradesman .. and 
found some strange mystery of sweetness in the disquantitied 
syllables. 

+ Disqua‘re, v. Obs. rare. [f. di- for Dis- 6 
+ SQUARE v.] ¢vans. To put out of square, to 
place awry. Hence} Disqua‘ring wd/. sd. 

1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. iii. gt If there be but one 
eye. .out of square. .the first thing almost we marke, is the 
i fon or di ing of that part. 

f, Dis- 6 or 


+ Disqua‘rter, v.' Obs. rare. 
7¢+QUARTER.] 2¢r. To leave one’s quarters. 
Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio’s Warrs of Flanders 65 
In their quartering and disquartering, and particularly upon 
occasion of forrage, there happened almost continually some 
skirmishes between the soldiers of the two Armies. 

+ Disqua'rter, v.2 Obs. raze. [irreg. f. Dis- 
I, in twain (or Gr. dis twice) + QUARTER v.] 
trans. To halve or divide the quarters of. 

1632 Quarts Div. Fancies 111. \xxviii. (1660) 132 If then, 
at most, the measur’d life of Man Be counted but a span, 
Being half’d, and quarter’d, and disquarter’d thus, What, 
what remains for us? 


499 


+ Disqua‘tte, v. Ods. Pa.t.& pple. disquatt. 
[f. d-, Dis- 1 + sguatté-n, Squat v., to crush, break 
(cf. To-SQUATTE in same sense): perh. AF. had 
desquater, -ir, for OF. esguater, -eir, -ir to 
break.] ¢vans. To break asunder, smash ; to violate 


(a truce). 

¢1380 Wycuir Serv. Sel. Wks. I. 246 A woman shal dis- 
quatte his heed. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxvi. 233 
‘The whiche trewes he falsely and vntrewely by cauellacions 
losed and dysquatte. /é¢d. ccxxix. 240 Thurugh lettyng 
of the pope and of the court of rome the forsayd couenaunts 
were disquatt and left of. 

Disqueat v.: sce next. 

Disquiet (diskwaiét), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Quier 
v.] trans. To deprive of quietness, peace, or rest, 
bodily or mental; to trouble, disturb, alarm; to 
make uneasy or restless. 

1530 Patscr. 521/2, I disquyet, I trouble one of his rest, 
Je inguiete.. He disquyeteth me horrybly a nyghtes with his 
revell. 1535 CoveRDALE /’s, xxxviil. 5 Yee every man., 
disquieteth himself in vayne. 1555 EpEN Decades 95 After 
that the sea hathe byn disquyeted with vehemente tem- 
pestes. 1586 Warner Add, Eny. 1. v. (1612) 18 Amidst their 
cheere, the solemne feast the Centaures did disqueat. 1693 
Mem. Cut. Teckely w. 4x Vhat Moldavia, Walaquia, and the 
Republick of Ragusa .. should not be disquieted by the 
‘Turks. 1796 H. Hunter tr. S¢.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 
I. 101, I disquieted myself to think that I had no powerful 
protector. 1844 TirtwaLt Greece VIII. Ixi. 119 The Dar- 
danians .. disquieted his northern frontier. 

Disquiet diskwaict), a Now rare. [f. Dis- 
10 + Quigr a.] The reverse of quiet; unquiet, 
restless, uneasy, disturbed. , 

1587 ‘I. Unperpown 2’ thiop, Hist. Heliod. 69 A sea, 
which .. was very disquiet and troblesome. 1588 Gre 
Perimedes, Ditty Wks. (Rtldg.) 292/2 Disquiet thoughts. 
1596 Saks. Jam. Shr. iv. i. 171 Pray you husband be not 
so disquiet. 1611 Sreep //ist, Gt. Brit. vit. ix. (1632) 243 
Egfred being by nature of a disquiet disposition. 1727 
De For /ist. Appar. vii. (1840) 120 Disquiet souls return- 
ing hither. 1848 THackeray Jax. a/r lii, His mind was 
disquiet. 

Disquiet (diskwaiét, sd. [Partly sb. use of 
the adj., partly f. Disquiev v.] Absence of bodily or 
mental quietness; disturbance; uneasiness, anxiety, 
worry ; restlessness, unrest. 

1881 Pettir Guazzo’s Crv. Conv. . (1586) 68 b, To attaine 
to learning, there is not onelie required a will, but studie, 
watching, labour, and disquiet, which are irkesome thinges. 
1599 Suaks. A/uch Ado u. i. 268 All disquiet, horror, and 
perturbation followes her. 1614 Raveicu //ist. World u. 
260 Called by God .. unto that rest which never afterward 
hath disquiet. 1641 Zeraes de da Ley (1708) 76 Making 
discord and disquiet to rise between his Neighbours. 1703 
Rowe Fair Penit.u. ii. 580 This fond Paper would not give 
me A moment of Disquiet. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. 
Ref. III. 235 The States of the Church and Naples were still 
in a state of universal disquiet and ferment. 186g Piitttirs 
Vesuv. iii, 58 The eleven months of disquiet may be re- 
garded as one almost continual eruption. 

+b. with @and p/. A disturbance; a disquiet- 
ing feeling or circumstance. ach. or Obs 

1574 Lp. BurGuey in Strype Ann. Ref I. iv. 81 Anxieties 
and disquiets of mind. 1659 HamMmonp Ox /’s. cxliv. 12~14 
Paraphr. 694 Without any disturbances or disquiets. 1698 
Fryer Ace. E. Ludia & P. 97 It is so mighty a Disquiet to 
the Governor, that he can never be at ease till he [etc.]. 
1726-7 Swirt Gudliver 1. iv. 55 In the midst of these intes- 
tine disquiets. 1755 SMoLLETT Quix, (1803) 1V. 135 My 
soul has been invaded by a thousand miseries, a thousand 
toils, and four thousand disquiets. 
+Disquietal. Os. rare. 

-] The action of disquieting. 

1642 H. More Song of Soud u.i. 1. xxi, As when the flit- 
ting fire Grows full of wrath and rage, and gins to fume, 
And roars and strives ’gainst its disquietall. 

+ Disquieta‘tion. Os. rare. [f. Disquier 
v.3 cf. F. énguczétation, med.L. zngutetatio, in same 


[f. prec. vb. + -AL 


| 


sense, and see -ATION.] Disquieting; a cause of | 


disquiet ; disturbance. 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 92 b, The lacke or want 
therof is hurt notable to ony persone & disquietacyon to 
ony communalte. . 

quieted, A//.a. [f. as prec. +-ED!.] Dis- 
turbed ; rendered uneasy or restless, Hence Dis- 
qui‘etedly adv., in a disquieted or uneasy manner ; 
Disquietedness, the state of being disquieted ; 
uneasiness, disquietness. 

1550 Bate /mage Both Ch. 1. (R.), Fleshlye cares, and 
disquieted consciences. 1645 J. Corron (tit/e), ‘The Cove- 
nant of God’s free Grace .. comfortably applied to a dis- 
quieted soul. @1680 Cuarnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 337 
Let us. .examine the reason. .as David did of his disquieted- 
ness. 1857 Chamb. ¥rni, VIII. 345 My mother’s eyes rested 
-.disquietedly upon the man’s partly averted face. 

Disquieter (diskwoiréta1. [f. as prec. + 
-ER!,] One who or that which disquiets; a dis- 
turber. . 

1564 Butieyn Dial. By Pest. (1888) 110 A swarme of 
sedicious disquieters of the common wealth, 1575 Turserv. 
Faulconrie 364 It also .. kylles the flies, the dogges dis- 
quieters and enimies to his ease. 1600 Surrtet Countrie 
Farme u. li. 359 A procurer of vomit, and a disquieter of 
the stomacke. a1660 Hammonp Sew. i. (T.), The dis- 
quieters of the honour and peace of Christendom. 

+ Disquietful, cz. are. [f. Disquier sd. + 
-FUL.] Full of or fraught with disquiet. 

a 1677 Barrow Sern. Wks. 1687 I. xvi. 239 Love and pity 


of our selves should ‘persuade us to forbear it [reviling], as 
disquietfull, i ious, and hievous to us. 


DISQUIRY. 


Disquieting (diskwoi-étin), v4/. 5d. [f. D1s- 

QUIET Z. +-ING1.] The action of the vb. DisQuiet ; 
disturbing ; disturbance of peace or tranquillity. 
_ 1535 Coverpate Wisd. xiv. 25 Manslaughter, .. disquyet- 
inge of good men, vnthankfulnes, defylinge of soules, 1641 
Baker Chron, Hen, /, an. 1112 (R.) King Henry .. was not 
without somelittle disquietings at home. 1883 A ¢henvum 
1 Dec. 699/3 To the disquieting of his lawful spouse. 

Disqui‘eting, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That disquiets or causes uneasiness ; disturbing. 

1576 Freminc Panofpl. Epist. 271 To expell the cause of 
that disquieting disease. 1691 Hartcurre lirtues 17 Vhe 
‘Troubles and ‘Tumults of disquieting Passions. 1783 Wat- 
son PAilip (17, 1. 113 They were filled with the most dis- 
quieting apprehensions. 1894 7vses 1 Sept. 8/4 Another 
disquieting feature of the present industrial situation. 

Disquietist. [/ Diseuiev sé. + -1sr.] A 
professed disturber of quiet ; an alarmist. 

1834 New Monthly Mag. XLI. 99 Vhe most honest of 
agitators, the most disinterested of disquietists. 

+ Disqui-etive, a. Obs. [f. Disquizr v. +-I1VE.] 
Tending to disquiet; of disquieting character. 

1846 WorcESTER cites Howe. 

Disquietly diskwaiétli), adv. [f. Disquier 
a.+-LY2.] Ina disquiet or uneasy manner; + in 
a disquieting manner. 


. Pref. Aija, He that carrieth himself 
y, malecontent, fearing death, is not wise. 
[f£ Disquier v. 4 

-MENT.] The action of disquieting; the fact or 
condition of being disquieted, 

1606 ‘I'ukNBULL in Spurgeon 7yeas. Dav. Ps. xv. 1 They 
are in continual perplexity. .continual disquietment of their 
minds. 1662 STittincri. Orig. Sacr. it. iii. § 8 The pas- 
sions, disquietments, and disappointments of men. 1689 
Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 313 What a Spiritt has been raysed 
in ffrinds to his Disquietment there vpon y* account. 

b. A disquieting circumstance or occurrence. 

a 1688 (, Sepewick in Spurgeon 77eas, Dav. Ps. XIX. 12 
Rebekah was weary of her life, not for any foreign dis- 
quietments, but because of domestic troubles. 

Disquietness diskwoiétnés’. [f Disauier 
a + -NESS.] The quality or state of being dis- 
quiet ; want of quiet ; unrest ; disturbance. 

1535 CoverDALe Prov. xi. 29 Who so maketh disquyet- 
nesse in his owne house, he shal haue wynde for his heret- 
age. 1868 Grarron Chrou. 11.553 A tumult and assembly 
was made, to the disquietnesse of the realme. 1615 ‘T, 
Apams Leaven 117 In these dayes disquietnesse allowes no 
meditation, penurie no bookes. 1681 H. More Lap. Dan. 
194 Enraged with everlasting disquietness. 

+ Disqui‘etous, z. Os. [f. Disquirr sd. + 
-ous.] Fraught with disquiet; disquieting. 

1618 Boton ‘doris tt. ii, (1636) 165 The troubles which 
brake out Northward, were farre more manifold, and 
horrible: no quarter is so disquietous. 1641 Mitton C%. 
Govt. 11. (1851) 142 ‘This..subject..the tcuching whereof is 
so distastfull and disquietous to a number of men. 

Disquietude (diskwoittivd). [f Disquier a., 
after QuUIETUDE.] Disquieted condition or state ; 
restlessness, disturbance, disquietness. 

1709 Avpison Zatler No. 97 _? 3 The Noise and Dis- 
quietude of Business. 1753 N. Torrtano Gangr. Sore 
Throat 24 She passed this Time very uneasily, with great 
Disquietude. 1844 ‘'Hirtwatt Greece VIII. Ixi. 87 Anti- 
gonus must have viewed the alliance with great disquietude, 
1869 Prituirs Mesa. iii. 57 On the 3rd of September, the 
disquietude of Vesuvius returned. 

b. with a@and f/. A feeling, occasion, or cause 
of disquiet ; a disquieting circumstance. 

171x Appison Sfect. No. 256 P 6 The Multitude of Dis- 
quietudes to which the Desire of it [Fame] subjects an 
ambitious Mind. 1726-7 Swirr Gulliver ut. il. § 13 (1865) 
‘These people are under continual disquietudes. 1885 J/anch. 
Exam. 8 July 5/2 From the still unconquered Black Flags 
there are plenty of disquietudes to fear. : 

[Disquieture, error for désyuictnes : see List of 
Spurious Words.} , 

+ Disqui‘parancy. Losec. Obs. [ad.med.L. 
disquiparantia (F. Mayron a 1325, see Prantl III. 
290, 1V.66) for diswguiparantia, f. DIs- 4 + wegu- 
parantia (Tertull.) : see EQuIPARANCE.] 

The relation of two correlates which are heterony- 
mous, i.e. denoted by different names, as father and 
son: opp. to egucparancy. 

1697 tr. Burgersdicius his Logic 1. vii. 22 Relateds syno- 
nymous are usually called relateds of «quiparancy, as 
JSriend, rival, etc.; heteronymous of disquiparancy, as 
Sather, son, master, servant, 

Disquipara'tion. 7a7e. [f. as prec. after L. 
awguiparatzon-ent, n. of action from agutparare to 
equalize.] = prec. 

1894 Froupe Erasmus 125 They define the personal or 
hypostatic union as the relation of a real disquiparation 
in one &&treme with no correspondent at the other. 

+Disqui're, v. Obs. [ad. L. disquir-cre 
to inquire diligently, f, Dis- 5 + guerére to search, 
seek.] ¢rans. To.inquire diligently, investigate. 

1621 Br. Mountacu Déatribe 11. 401, What the custome 
..was, I doe.not resolue, nor disquire. 1654 VILVAIN 
Chronogr. 16 Thus hay 1 .. tired my head to disquire the 
truth of Times. 1654 — Theorem. Theol. i. 24 Such are diffi- 
ciler to discern or disquire their corporals, subject to sens. 

So +Disqui‘ry Ods., investigation, inquiry. 

1627 J. Doucuty Sermon (1628) 10 The Lord hath wholly 
exposed all the creatures to mans disquiry. a Durye 

2 


troubledly, disquiet 


+ Disquietment. 0’s. 


DISQUISITE. 
Just Re-frop. 2 If ..a regular way of disquiry may be 
followed. Jdid., If they viscosa A afeny: or fall to the 
issue of that disquiry. 5 


Di'squisite,-it, v. rare. [Pa back-formation 
from disguisition.| intr. To make a disquisition. 

1825 New Monthly Mag. XVI. 148 The same Creative 
Power .. by which alone we ourselves at this moment 
breathe, think, or disquisite at all, 1893 Letanp A/em. 
IL, 274 Here I would fain disquisit on Pike. 

Disquisition (diskwizi-fen). [ad. L. désgui- 
sitton-em inquiry, investigation, n. of action f. dis- 
guisit- ppl. stem of disqguirére: see Disquire.] 

1. Diligent or systematic search; investigation ; 
research, examination. 

1608-11 Jos. Hatt Medit. Vowes 1. § 28 The disquisition 
of great truthes requires time. 1668 Witkins Real Char. 
i, Others have applyed their disquisitions to some particular 
Letters. 1744 Harris Three Treat. (1841) 51 In this dis- 

uisition into human conduct. 1 H. Brooke Fool of 

wal. (1859) I. 82 (D.) On their return from a disquisition 
as fruitless as solicitous, nurse declared her apprehensions 
that Harry had gone off with a little favourite boy. 1818 
Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 1. u. iv. 150 A subject. .of less subtle 
and difficult disquisition. 1855 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Lit. i. 
(1878) 42 To make it a topic of distinct disquisition. 

+b. edlipt. A subject or topic for investigation ; 

a guestion. Ods. rare. 
_ 1605 Campen Nem. 214 Their growing vp, their flourish- 
ing .. were a disquisition for the learned. 1660 R. Coke 
Justice Vind. 4 margin, The manner and order of attain- 
ing to Knowledge, is a subtil disquisition. : 

. A treatise or discourse in which a subject is 
investigated and discussed, or the results of investi- 
gation set forth at some length ; less correctly, a 
learned or elaborate dissertation o# a subject. 

1647 Trare Comm, Matt. xi. 17 Puzzling them with 
scholastical craggy disquisitions. a1680 Butter Rem. 
(1759) 1.66 Unhappy Man .. On hypothetic Dreams and 
Visions Grounds everlasting Disquisitions. 1794 SULLIVAN 
View Nat. 11, In our foregoing disquisition we ventured 
upon the threshold of a Scythiac antediluvian hypothesis. 
1840 Macautay Nanke Ess. (1854) 11.146 The constant 
subjects of their lively satire and eloquent disquisitions. 
1873 G. C. Davies M/ount. & Merei.3 A learned disquisi- 
tion on the alleged cruelty of sport. 

Disquisitional (diskwizi‘fanal), a. 
+-AL.] Of the nature of a disquisition. 

1846 WorcesTER cites Monthly Rev. 1856 Masson Ess., 
Story of 1770, 199 Here the reader must permit me a little 
Essay or disquisitional Interleaf on the character and 
writings of Chatterton. 1861 NV. Brit. Rev. May 196 [The 
18th c.] sermons have no longer a voice of authority. They 
are disquisitional, explanatory or persuasive. 

Disquisi‘tionary, @. [Sce -any.'] = prec. 

1847 in Craic 5 and in later Dicts. 

Disquisi‘tionist. [f. as prec. + -Ist.] The 
author of a disquisition. 

1838 /raser’s Mag. XVIII. 385 Many a disquisitionist on 
the character of Burns. 1878 Bacrnor Lit, Stud. (1879) I. 
p. x, An arid disquisitionist on value and cost of production. 

Disquisitive (diskwi-zitiv), a. (sb.)  [f. L. 
disquisit- ppl. stem of désguirére + -1VE.] Charac- 
terized by or given to disquisition; given to re- 
search or investigation ; inquiring. 

1647 TRarP Comm. 2 Cor. xiii, 5 The disquisitive part be- 
longs to us, the decisive to God. 1772 Weekly Mag. 22 Apr. 


[f. prec. 


118/t He., is a man of great disquisitive powers. 1796 
Corerince Let, in Mrs. Sandford Poole & Friends (1888) 
I. 185 My own shaping and disquisitive mind, 1889 W. L. 


Courtney Life ¥. S. Alii ii. 30 The disquisitive youth. 

+ B. sé. An inquiry or investigation. Oés. 
_ 1659 Stantey /ist. Philos. 11. 1v. 11 The Sceptick’s end 
is .. Suspension in disquisitives. 

Disqui'sitively, adv. rave. [f. prec. + 
-LY 4.) -In a disquisitive manner; by investiga- 
, a Cs y g 

tion or examination. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 262 By the mixt mettall 
Ore taking of disquisitively, or here and there. 

Disquisitor (diskwi-zito:). [ad. L. *disgui- 
sitor, agent-n. from disguirére: see -OR.] One 
who makes disquisition; an inquirer or. investi- 
gator ; the author of a disquisition. 

1766 F. Bracksurn Confessional 318 Let the Disquisitors 
answer for themselves. 1771 W. Jones Zool, Eth. 66 All 
the disquisitors that ever took the Law of Moses in hand. 
1801 Chron. in Ann, Reg. 502 Because, say our profound 
disquisitors, all the seven sacraments confer grace. a 
a Rew. 2 Nov. 485/2 An academic disquisitor on politica 
= yects. : . . . stm ty 

Disquisitorial (diskwizitderial),@. rare. [f. 
prec. + -(1)AL.] Of or belonging to a disquisitor ; 
phe room inquiring. 

1806 R. Cumpertanp Mem. 1. 189 () When he came to 
exercise the subtlety of his disquisitorial powers upon it. 

Disqui'sitory, a. rare. =prec, 

1860 Worcester cites Eclectic Rev. 

+ Disra‘nge, v. Vis. Also 5 disrenge, {ad. 
OF. desrengier, -rangter, {, des-, DI8- 4 + renc, 
reng, now rang rank, order. Cf. DERANGE.] a. 
trans. To throw out of order or rank ; to disar- 
range. b. refi. and intr. To fall out of rank. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 226 They began to ~ disrenge 
& to be aferde. cx Lo. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 
(1814) 162 Whan these iiii. knightes on horsbacke sawe 
Arthur, one of them dysranged hym selfe, and... ran at 
Arthur. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 317 The English- 
men... presently disranged themselues, and in disray prea: 
hard upon the enemies. 1775 R. Woop “ss. Homer 42 
(Jod.) That delicate cqnnexion and thread of circumstances, 


500 


which are seldom disranged even by the smallest alteration 
without endangering his truth and consistence. 
(disreenk), v. [f. Dis- 7¢+ Rank sd.] 
+1. trans. To throw out of r or into dis- 
order. Obs. 

1597 Danie Civ. Wars vu. xvi, The ranged horse break 
out... Disrank the troops; set all in disarray. a 
Beau. & Fi. Lawes of Candy 1. i, 1.. Was he that first 
dis-rankt their woods of Pikes. 1654 Trare Comm, Ps. 
1. 3 The army was dis-ranked and wandred any way. 

+b. intr. (for ref.) To fall out of ranks, fall 
into disorder. Ods. 

1605 Syivester Du Bartas u. iii. 1. Abraham 325 Too- 
too-tired, some at last dis-rank. 1629 J. Maxwe t tr. Hero- 
dian (1635) 150 They disranke, and are routed. 

+2. transf. and fig. (trans.) To disorder, disar- 
range, confuse. Obs. 

1602 Dekker Satiro-Mastix Kija, Out of thy partalready ; 
foil’d the scene ; Disrank’d the a 1614 J, Cooke 7x 
Quogue in Hazl. Dodsley X1. 264 You shall march a whole 
day..and not disrank one hair of your physiognomy. 1628 
Forp Lover's Mel. w. ii, Throngs of rude divisions huddle 
on, And do disrank my brain from peace and sleep. 

3. To deprive of one’s rank, to reduce to 2 lower 
rank; to degrade. 

1599 Daniet Let. of Octavia Arg. Wks. (1717) 1. 69 He 
arms his Forces, either to reduce Antony to the Rank of 
his Estate, or else to disrank him out of State and all. 161 
A. Nicnotes Marr. & Wiving vi. in Harl. Misc. (Malh. 
III. 263 Thou wilt disrank thyself, or single out [a wife] 
from the too common shame and abuse in this kind [of 
women). 1894 [see DisratiNG]). 

Hence Disra‘nked ///. a., Disra‘nking v/. 5d. 

1606 Maxston /awne 1. i, Wilde longings, or the least 
of disranct shapes. 1627 May Lucan v. (1631) 24 The 
letter’s lost in their disranked wings. 1629 J. Hp tr. 
Herodian (1635) 179 note, So the dis-ranking of the English 
lost all to the Normans. 

+ Disra‘pier, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7a + Rapier 
sb.] trans. To deprive of a rapier; to disarm. 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. u.i, He that should 
offer to disrapier me now. 2 

Disrate (disré't), v.  [f. Dis- 7 a+ Rate s4.] 

1. trans. To reduce (a petty officer or non-commis- 
sioned officer of marines) to a lower rating or rank. 

1811 Naval Chron. XXV. 28 Having been disrated for 
some offence. 1829 Soutney in Q. Kev. XLI. 406 He found 
it necessary to disrate Peter Hayles, the pirate. 1860 Merc. 
Marine Mag. V\1. 85 This witness had been chief mate .. 
but had been disrated..for drunkenness. 

2. ‘To remove (a ship) from its rate or class. 

1885 Lavy Brassey The Trades 246 The ‘Tyrian’, another 
‘yellow-fever ship’, was disrated for the same reason, 

3. fig. To remove from one’s rank or position. 

1854 Cham, ¥rn/. 11, 200 He. -had disrated himself from 
the genteel company of a ten-miles-wide circuit. 1883 G.. 
Turner in Gd. Words Dec. 7728/1 There is..no just reason 
for dis-rating ‘which’ from its old relation to persons as 
well as to things. 

Hence Disrated pf/. a., Disra‘ting vd/. sd. 

1833 Marrvat ?. Simple lvi, If you please, your. honour, 
I'd rather take my disrating—I—don’t wish to be chief 
boatswain’'s mate in this here business. 1891 Daily News 


DISREGARD. 


ul, vii. 208 Disrai’d Of that faire iem, 1608 Day Law 
Trickes 1. i. (1881) 12 On the high Altar sacrifiz’d the 
Priests, eee te 

in Udall 1548: see DISRELISH. 

Disrealize (disriAlsiz), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ 
REALIZE.] trans. To divest of reality, to idealize. 

1889 Sat. Rev. 2 Mar. 261/1 The first and rule of the 
poet should be. .to pass personal emotion through the 
sieve of the universal, to ‘ di ize’ everything, to bring 
it into union with the whole. 

+ Disrea‘son, sd. Ois. In 5 desrayson. [a. 
OF. desrazson, {. des-, Dis- 4 + raison reason.] 
That which is contrary to reason or right; in- 
justice. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xu. xix, Certes it is to chyvalrye 
over grete blame, over grete tyrannye and desrayson. 

+ rea’son, v. OF from OF. 
desraisnier or its latini form disrationare, 
variants of OF. deratsnier, med.L. dérationare : 
see Du Cange, and cf. Deratcy.] ¢rans. To prove, 
assert, vindicate ; =DERAIGN 7. I, 2. 

(The prefix des-, dis-, was here a mere variant of de-, owing 
to the frequent equi and confusion of t prefi 
(see De- I. 6); but it appears to have been taken by the 17th c. 
legal antiquaries in the privative sense (Dis- 4); hence the 
erroneous explanation of Disrationare in Blount’s Law 
Dict. ‘contrarium ratiocinando asserere, vel quod assertum 
est ratiocinando destruere’, and cf. J. C. Blomfield Hist. 
Souldern (1893) 12 note.) 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 425 In which time the 
proprietarie may disreason the said recouerie, by di ing 
the other parties surmises or allegations, prouing the 
specialtie was paied whereupon the Attachment was 
grounded. 

+ Disrea‘sonable, 2. Ols. rare. [ad. OF. 
desraisonable (Oresme, 14th c.), mod.F. dé-, f. des-, 
Dis- 4+ raisonable.] Devoid of reason, unreason- 
able, groundless. 

1549 Compl. Scot. xv. 122 Thy complaynt is nocht dis- 
rasonabil. /did. xx. 169 The extreme disrasonabil abusione 
that rang amang the vniuersal pepil. 

+ Disre’ckon, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 6.] intr. 
To reverse reckoning ; to reckon by deduction. 

1561 Even Arte Nanig. 1. vi. 31 The dayes of the Moone 
beynge knowen, then vnrekenyng or disrekenynge back- 
warde, we shall knowe the daye. 1611 FLorio, Scomputare, 


to disreckon. 
i [D1s- 6.] 


mmend, v. Ols. rare. 
trans, = DISCOMMEND J. 3. 
1691 Norris Pract, Disc, 217 The untunableness of one or 
two Instruments dis-recommends the whole Musical Consort. 
Disrecommendation (disrekmendéi-fan). 
[f. Dis- 9 + Recommenpation.] That which is the 
reverse of a recommendation, or is unfavourable 
to any one’s claims. 
1752 Firipinc Amelia Wks. 1775 XI. 44 The poverty of 
the person. .is never, I believe, any forcible dis- 
tion toa good mind. @1797 H. Wacrore Geo, // (1847) I. 
vii. 211 He attained considerable weight in a Government 
where trifling qualities are no disrecommendation, @ 1843 
Soutnty Doctor Fragment (1862) 676 ae to these dis- 
ded in t 


21 Nov. 4/6 What are the Tories going to do with all the recc ions that it is pi terms 

disrated Liberal Secessionists? 1 rere e fon of insol ion. 

Gloss., Disrating, A nautical term for ‘disranking’, that is, wrt = ead) s 

reducing from a higher rank to a lower, such as lowering Disr e (disriga ad 7 sb. [f. Dis o> Re. 

a man fork A. B, to ordinary seaman, or from fireman to | GARD $b. Want of regard H neglect, inattention ; 

trimmer. in earlier use often, the withholding of the ad 
, 8 


+ Disra‘tionate, v. Oés. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
L. ration-em reason + -ATE3.] trans. To deprive 
of its reason or rationality. 

1668 C. Sretman in Sir 11. Speiman's De non Temer. 
Eccl. (ed. 4)'To Rdr. 18 Thou .. must disrationate St. Paul's 
argument, who disswades the pollution of thy Body, because 
it is the ‘lemple of the holy Ghost. 

+ Disray’, sd. Ods. — of desray, DERAY, with 
the ordinary late ME. c ange of des- to dis-: see 
Dis- prefix, and cf, Diskay v.] Disorder, con- 
fusion; =DrERay, DisaRRAyY.] 

13.. A. Adis. 4353 He gan make gret eg And gradde 
ageyn to Darye. c14§0 Merlin 407 The Knyghtes..gan 
make soche a disray a-monge hem that noon a-bode other. 
¢ 1470 HarpinG Chron, Lxvi. i, The realme to saue, and kepe 
out of disraye. 1609 Horan Amm. Marcell. xxix. xii, 368 
‘To come in manner of a sodaine tempest upon our armie .. 
and to put it in disray. 1610 [see Disrance]. 

+ Disray’, v. Ods. [In sense 1, var. of Deray, 
orig. desray, a. OF. desreer, desrayer, with the 
ordinary late ME, substitution of dis- for des-: ef. 
prec. In sense 3 identified with Disarray, 

1. trans. To put out of array or military order; 
to throw into disorder; = DISARRAY ¥, I. 

1300 A’. A/is. 673 Now con Alisaundre of skyrmyng, And 
of post disrayng. 1609 HoLtanp tr. Amm, "Marcell 
xxiv. i. 262 Least Archers running foorth might disray 
the rankes. c1x6rx SytvesTer . iv. Decay 1124 Have 
these so yong and weak Disrayed your ranks? 163x WEEVER 
Anc. Fun. Mon, 317 Guortimer ., did here set vpon .. the 
English Saxons, ou being disrayed, not able to 
abide a second charge, he put all to flight. 


2. To disorder the attire, or spoil the personal 
appearance of. In quot. ref. 

1431 Lypcate Chron. Troy u. xiii. (Paris to Helen), And 
as a penitaunt in contrition Ye you disraye; alas why do 
ye so 

3. To deprive of personal array or attire ;. to 
despoil, strip ; = DISARRAY 2. 2. 

1483 Cath. Angi. 100/e (MS. A.), To disray or disgise 
(MS. M. disaray] exornare. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie, 


which is due, slighting, undue neglect ; in later use, 
the treating of anything as of no im ce. 

1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sct. xiv. 89 We can be bold without 
resentment, yet it may be with an invincible disregard. 733 
Neat //ist, Purit. 11.478 The Bishops fell under a gene 
disregard. 1795 Lp. AuckLanb Corr. (1862) III. 280 Acts 
.. which tend to the levelling of thrones and conditions, and 

ive to monarchs a more certain di and d ct 
then all the labours. . of the Jacobins. Mentvate Xow. 
Emp. (1871) V. xiv. zs Disregard and sympathy seemed to 
be equally distasteful to him. 

b. Constr. of (for, to). ‘ es 

1716 Appison /recholder JA isrega fame. 
eran Arrersury /’rov. 2p Gorge AS A disregard for 
everything besides. 1736 Butter Amal. u. vi. 224 Pro- 
faneness and avowed Disregard to all Religion. ap Sooners 
Pilato (ed. 2) 1. 114 An extreme disregard of .. historical 
accuracy. —s . Buunr Ref. Ch. Eng. 11. 484 His 
lawless disreg for the principles of the Reformation 
settlement. 

Disregard (disr/gi1d), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Re- 
GARD v.] dvans, To treat without regard, ta pay 
no regard to. &. In earlier use, esf., to treat 
without due regard, respect, or attention; to 
neglect unduly, to slight. 

a Mitton Aximady. To Postscr., Wks. (1847) 74/2 To 

hurches which. .f you 


tak y those y 
d. 165x Baxter Jnf. 4 
the 


e 
aie peg A r = isregard and despise 
1 ‘0 € the peo 
Gospel. pt tr. Jeon Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) 1. 458 

uarries of fine stone ; but these are utter! ¥ by 
the inhabitants. x Gispon Decl. & /. 11. 857 who 
have attacked, those who have defended . . have alike 
disregarded two very remarkable pa of two 
Pp d under the ding reign. ; 

b. In later use, esf., to treat as of no importance, 


to pay no attention to. 5 . 
Hotcrort Lavater's Physiog. xxi, 107, Desirous of 

rivate happi he disregards public op ; 
acautay /ist, Eng. II, 155 The king .. advised the 
treasurer to disregard idle rumours. 1869 Dickens Lett. 
(1880) 2 421, I have had symptoms that must not be dis: 


DISREGARDABLE. 


Hence Disrega'rded //. a. (whence Disre- 
ga‘rdedness, state of being disregarded) ; Disre- 
garding v//. sb. and Af/. a. 

1659 C. Noster Mod. Answ. Iinmod. Q. 6 To charge him 
with neglects and slightings and disregardings to his friends. 

D. Pett Jmpr. Sea 185 Unto which Ambassage the 
Queen of England .. returned this bold, smiling, and disre- 
rdinganswer. 1667 FLAvEL Saint Indeed (1754) 24 In the 
isregarded heart, swarms of vain foolish thoughts are per- 
cauaie working. 1791 Cowper //iad vit. 561 Then sullen 
nurse thy disregarded spleen. a 1854 Lp. Cocksurn (77- 
cuit Yourn, (1883) 95 Its surrounding bad taste and selfish 
disregardedness. 

Disrega‘rdable, a. [f. prec.+-aBLE.] That 
may be disregarded ; unworthy of regard. 

1661 Grand Debate 77 Till experience be proved to be dis- 
regardable. 74x Ricnarpson Pamela III. 152 An easy 
Fortune is. .far from being disregardable. 

Disregardant, @. [f. Dis- 10 + Recarpanr, 
after prec. vb.] Paying no regard or attention ; 
neglectful, disregarding. 

1816 Soutney Poet's Pilgr.1. 27 All disregardant of the 
Babel sound, A swan kept oaring near with upraised eye. 
1880 Ruskin Fors Clav. Sept. VIII. 131, I understand you 
to be .. disregardant, if not actually defiant, of the persons 
on whose capital you have been hitherto passively depen- 
dent for occupation. 

Disrega‘rder. 
One who disregards. 

1661 BoyLe Style of Script. Pref. (1675) 10 Disregarders of 
the Scripture. 1864 H. Srencer /dlustr. Univ. Pragr.110 
In being considered a disregarder of public opinion. 

Disrega‘rdful, a. [f. Dis- 10 + REGARDFUL: 
cf. disrespectful.) The opposite of regardful ; 
regardless, neglectful, careless. 

1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. 302 It was not probable 
he could be .. so dis-regardfull of his owne state. «1677 
Barrow Serm. Wks. 1687 I. vii. 83 Will God .. be so partial 
and fond to us, so disregardfull and injurious toward himself ? 
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII1, 372 Who. .could 
be so disregardful of his own interest? 1882 A. B. Bruce 
Parab. Teach, Christ w. vi. (1891) 354 Love .. disregardful 
of conventional barriers, : 

Hence Disrega‘rdfully adv., without regard, 
with neglect ; Disrega‘rdfulness, 

1640 Br. Hart Chr, Moder. 41/2 They..after many years 
vain hope were turned home disregardfully. ¢1720 Lv¢t. 

Jr. Mist's Frul. (1722) I. 64 An Author .. used too slightly 
and disregardfully. 1731 Baitey, Disregard/fulness, neglect- 
fulness. 1869 Mrs. Wuitney //itherto viii. 93 Not breaking 
in disregardfully ; she always listened Mrs. Whistler through. 

+ Disre‘gular, a. [Dis- 10.] =IrrecuLar, 

1649 Evetyn Liberty §& Servitude iv. Misc. Writ. (1805) 21 
Men..who (not having more disregular passions) dispise 
honours, pleasures, riches. 

[Dis- 10.] Unrelated ; 


Disrela‘ted, #7//. a. 
So Disrela‘tion, 


[f DisrEcaRD v. + -ER!.] 


without relation or connexion. 
absence of relation or connexion. 

1893 West, Gaz. 15 May 3/2 Throughout his humour 
consists of the disrelation of his remarks to his age and size. 
Ibid., When they utter disrelated speeches. 1894 /d7¢. 
26 Sept. 2/3 [He] looks on what goes before or comes after 
him as entirely disrelated. 


Disrelish (disre"lif), sd. Also 7 disrellish. 
[£ DisrewisH v. or Dis- 9 + RELISH sé.] Distaste, 
dislike, aversion, some degree of disgust. 

a 1625 Fretcuer Nice Valour 1. i, Being once glutted, 
then the taste of folly Will come into disrelish. 1645 FULLER 
Good Th. in Bad T. (1841) 37 Dissensions .. will breed in 
pagans such a disrelish of our religion. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 
x. 569 With hatefullest disrelish writh’d thir jaws With soot 
and cinders fill’d. 1727 Pore Let. fo Atterbury 20 Nov., 
With a dis-relish of all that the world calls Ambition. 1791 
Burke Aff. Whigs Wks. VI. 202 Men .. have an extreme 
disrelish to be told of their duty. 1802 Med. ¥rnd. VIII. 
403 Her disrelish for food amounted to disgust. 1842 M1ALL 
in Nonconf. I. 96 Conduct .. indicative of his disrelish for 
the whole subject. 2 

b. Something which excites distaste or aversion. 

1823 New Monthly Mag. 1X. 104/2-The extraordinary 
nasal twang ., not to mention other disrelishes, we cannot 
get over. 

Disrelish (disre'lif\, v. [f. Dis- 6 or 7 a+ 
RExIsuH 2. or s0.] 

+1. ¢vans. To destroy the relish or flavour of; 
to render distasteful. Ods. 

(The first quot. appears to belong here): ved/ese, rellice 
occur as 16th c, spellings of Retisn.] 

1548 Unatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke xv. 130b, Yet is it 
[the plentie or aboundance of the prodigal] marred and dis- 
realised with muche galle of sondrie griefes and sorowes. 
1528 Earte Microcosm. (1740) 86 Some musty proverb that 
disrelishes all things whatsoever. 1667 Mitton P. L. v. 305. 
1691 Norris Pract, Disc. 140 "Tis like the Handwriting on 
the Wall, enough to spoil and disrelish the Feast. 1760 
Sterne Sern, ILL. 374. 

2. To have a distaste for, to find not to one’s 
taste; to regard with disfavour; to dislike. 

1604 Suaks. O¢h, 1. i. 236 Her delicate tendernesse wil.. 
begin to heaue the gorge, disreelish and abhorre the Moore. 
1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. Wks. 1738 1. 117 How long is it 
since he hath disrelish’d Libels?) 1764 Mem. G. Psal- 

256 This Ilent book, though..disrelished by 
some weak Christians. 1799 G. WASHINGTON Le/é. Writ. 

1893 XIV. 151, I am not surprised that some members of 
the House .. should disrelish your report. 1886 STEVENSON 
Kidnapped xxvii. (1888) 281 He so much disrelished some 
expressions of mine that..he showed me to the door, 

+3. To prove distasteful to; to disgust. Ods. 

1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. ut. vii. (1650) 230 Or preach 
some truth which dis-relishes the palate of a prepossessed 


501 


auditor. ate ype Alimony w. vii. in Hazl. Dodsley X1V. 
352 What might I say, That should disrelish Madam Caveare? 
1708 J. Puitirs Cyder 1. 28 He tastes the bitter morsel, 
and rejects Disrelisht. 

4. intr. To be distasteful, to ‘go down badly.’ 

1631 [See DisretisHtnc below]. 1647 Spricce Anglia 
Rediv. w. iv. 223 This much disrelished with the Lord Hop- 
ton. 31814 Cary Dante Par. xvi. 113, I learnt that, which 
if I tell again, It may with many wofully disrelish. 

Hence Disre‘lished ///. a.; Disre lishing v0/. 
sb.; Disre‘lishing f//. a., distasteful. 

1631 Bratuwair Whimsies Ep. Ded. 8 Strong lines have 
beene in request, but they grew disrelishing. 1659 Lady 
Alimony u. v. in Hazl. Dodsley X1V. 314 A freedom from 
our disrelish’d beds. yg Dryven St. Evremont's Ess. 78 
This first disrelishing of the Republick, had .. so much of 
Honesty that [etc 182r Lamp £é/a Ser. 1. Jperf 
Synpathies, When once it becomes indifferent, it begins to 
be disrelishing. 1846 D. Kine 7'reat. Lora’s Supper iv. 89 
A violated law and a disrelished salvation. 

+ Disre‘lishable, ¢. Ods.  [f. prec. +-ABLE.] 
Such as to be disrelished or disliked ; distasteful. 

a 1670 Hacker Adbp, Williams 1. (1692) 73 (D.) That the 
match ,.should be intended no more was disrelishable, 

+ Disre‘lishment. 0és. rare. [f. DisRELIsH 
+ -MENT.] A disliking; a distasteful matter. 

1646 S. Botton Arvaigum, Err. 354 An act of oblivion.. 
in which all disrelishments either in language or action, 
word or deed, may be buried up in silence. A 

Disremember (disr/me*mba1), v. Chiefly ¢a/. 
[f. Dis- 6 + REMEMBER v.] To fail to remember ; 
to forget. (¢rans. and adsol.) 

1836 I’. Manoney Rel. Mather Prout (1859) 373 The. . lines 
of the author he feigns to disremember. 1848 Mrs. GaskeLt 
MI. Barton ix. (1882) 23/1, I disremember rightly what I 
did. 1876 Miss Cary Country Life i. 13 If he did not dis- 
remember, he would look at it before he went to bed. 1880 
Ouiwa Moths vii, [American speaking] I disremembered to 
ask when the mails went out. 1880 A nfrim & Down Gloss., 
Disremember, to forget. Also in Glossaries of Sussex, Berks, 
Hants, and in Bartlett Dict. Amer. (1860). 

Disrepair (disr/pé1). [f. Dis- 9 + Repar sd.] 
The state of being out of repair, or in bad condi- 
tion for want of repairs. 

1798 Velograph in Spirit Pb. Fruls. (1799) II. 368 If our 
landlord should..suffer our houses and fences to go entirely 
into disrepair. 1813 Scorr Rokeby u. xvii, All spoke neglect 
and disrepair. 1816 — Old A/ort. v, It had been suffered to 
go considerably into disrepair. 1833 Act 3-4 Mill. /V’,c. 46 
§ 104 Where any. .spouts..drains or common sewers. .shall 
get into disrepair. 1854 H. MILLer Sch. & Sch. i. (1857) 8 
It .. had now fallen greatly into disrepair. 

+ Disrepo'rt, 56. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + RE- 
Port sd.] Evil report, report to any one’s pre- 

judice. 

1640 FuLLER Yoseph's Coat viii. (1867) 193 Let us practise 
St. Paul's precept, ‘ by honour and dishonour, by good re- 
port and disreport’. 

+ Disreport, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
Report v.} To give an evil report (of). 

1653 R. Bair Disswasive Vind. (1655) 81 Their for- 
wardnesse to misreport, disreport, discovers much evill 
affection in their spirits. 

Disre:putability. [f. Disreruras_ea.: see 
-BILITY. ] = DISREPUTABLENESS, 

1854 De Quincey Axtodbiog. Sk. Wks. I. 78 Why then 
should he court danger and disreputability? 1879 ARBER 
Introd. to 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 16 The important 
testimony. .to the disreputability. .of the professional Actor. 
1892 Lounssury Stud. Chaucer ILI. vii. 250 ‘To call a man 
a Goth conveyed .. a general sense of the disreputability of 
him about whom it was uttered. 

Disreputable (disre-piztab’l), a. (sd.) [f. Dis- 
10+ REPUTABLE a@., after DISREPUTE.] 

1. The reverse of reputable ; such as to bring into 
disrepute or reflect discredit ; discreditable. 

1772 Ann. Reg. 27 He could not .. but be sensibly con- 
cerned for the present disreputable state of our law courts. 
@1795 J. Wepcwoon in Darwin's Life & Lett. (1887) I. 198 
It would [not] be in any degree disreputable to ae cha- 
racter as a Clergyman. 1871 Freeman //ist. Ess. Ser. 1 
vii. 200 One of the most disreputable of juggles. 

2. Having a bad reputation ; in bad repute; not 
of respectable character. 

1828 Wesster, Disreputable .. as, disreputable company. 
1844 Disraeti Coningsby iw. iv. (L.), obady wants a 
second chamber, except a few disreputable individuals. 
1861 Gro. Exior Silas M. v, There was Jem Rodney, a 
known poacher, and otherwise disreputable. 1867 Miss 
Brappon Xux to Earth i, The room was full of sailors and 
disreputable-looking women. 

B. sb. A 8 setae person. 

1853 H. Grevitte Diary (1884) 35 To clear his Court of the 
robbers and disreputables who surround him. 1862 Suirtey 
Nuge Crit. iii. 172 Heine, one of the religious disreputables, 
was ..amocker from his boyhood to his death. 1887 Pa/d 
Alaill G. 23 Aug. 2/1 Where the .. drunkards and disreput- 
ables are well in evidence. 

Disre‘putableness. [f. prec. + -ness.] The 
quality or state of being disreputable. 

1710 W. Hume Sacred Success. 382 So that what people 
.. agree upon and determine ., shall respecting aaah - 
ness or disreputableness, have a very commanding force. 
1860 4 /d Vear Round 142 That disreputableness of appear- 
ance which is one of their greatest sources of attraction. 

Disre‘putably, adv. [f. as prec. + -ty?.] 
In a disreputable manner; discreditably. 

1775 Burke Sf. Conc. Amer. Wks. III. 29 Proj 
are made .. somewhat disreputably, when the minds of men 
are not properly disposed for their reception. A/od. He is 
said to have Gahaved most di ably on that i 


sitions 


DISRESPECT. 


“‘Disreputa‘tion. 0s. or arch. [Dis- 9.] 

1. Privation or loss of reputation; bringing into 
disrepute ; discrediting ; dishonour, disgrace. 

16or Futpecke 1st Pt. Parall. Intr. iii, The sodaine and 
finall myserie, calamitie, and disreputation of that Common- 
weale. @1617 Hieron /i’ks. II. 17 Those who vrge this to 
the dis-reputation of all that are affected well. 1651-3 Jrr. 
‘Taytor Serm. for Yeart. xiv. 173 A disreputation of piety 
and a strict life. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) IL. 
78 Are they not inwardly troubled .. when they hear any- 
thing said to their Disreputation? 1824 T. Jerrerson 
Writ, (1830) LV. 387 He will .. bring disreputation on the 
institution. 1874 Motiey Barneveld I. vii. 320 To remove 
me from my post with disreputation. : 

b. A discrediting circumstance, a disciedit. 

1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 104 This 
reason... is not onely a Calumniation against ‘T. M. but 
a dis-reputation also to his Maiestie. 1651-3 Jer. Tayior 
Serm. for Year (1678) 110 Intemperance .. is a Dishonour 
and disreputation to the person and the nature of the man. 
1751 Affect. Narr. Wager 36 Humanity ..the want of 
which is a Disreputation to a Man’s Character. 

+2. Want of reputation, evil reputation ; the con- 
dition of being in disrepute ; discredited condition. 

1633 T. Apams £2. 2 Peter ii. 5 This vice..is gotten 
already out of the disreputation of a sin. 1748 Ricuarpson 
Clarissa (1811) II. x i. 221 The period in which our 
conduct or misconduct gives us a reputation or disreputa- 
tion, that almost inseparably accompanies us throughout 
our whole future lives. 1770 LancHorne Plutarch (1879) 
II. 6391 Eumenes, with the disreputation of having been 
only a secretary, raised himself to the first military employ- 
ments, 

Disrepute (<disr*pizt), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Repure 
sb.] Loss or absence of reputation; ill repute, 
disestecm, discredit, dishonour. 

1653 Hotcrorr Procopius Pref. Aij b, Belisarius then re- 
turned to Constantinople with disrepute. 1698 Norkis 
Pract, Disc. WV. 18 The Holy things of Religion fell at 
length into Contempt and Dis-repute. 1788 /’277. 7raus. 1. 
666 It was formerly in great credit as a pectoral, but is now 
quite in disrepute. 1857 BuckLE Cizilis. I. ix. 573 It brings 
the administration of justice into disrepute. 1870 Lowrte 
Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 8g A large and spacious house 
which lay under the disrepute of being haunted. 

+ Disrepu'te, v. Ols. [f. Dis-6+ REvuTEv.] 
trans. a. Yo hold as of no reputation ; to regard 
slightingly; to disesteem. b. To bring into dis- 
credit; to defame, disparage. ec. To bring dis- 
credit or an evil name upon | by one’s conduct). 

1611 Frorio, Disreputare, to disrepute, to disesteeme. 
1625 Br. Mountacu Afp. Cesar u. vii. 183 You quote us 
the Homilies... 1 think you dis-repute them. 1649 Jerr. 
Taytor Gt. Exemp.1. ad § 1.16 The Virgin was betrothed 
lest honorable marriage might be disreputed. 1651 — //oly 
Living iv. ad § 10 (1727) 335 O teach me to walk, that 
I may never disrepute the honour of my religion. @ 1677 
Barrow Sevm, (1686) III. 380 Is it not infinitely better to 
be unjustly defamed by men, than to be disreputed by 
God? 1697 R. Peirce Bath Alem, 1. ii, 272 Doubting 
that he would disrepute the Place .. by dying here. 

Disrese'mble, v. rv. [a. OF. desressembler 
(in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4+ressembler.] trans. 
Not to resemble; to be unlike. 

So Disrese‘mblance, want of resemblance. 

1622 PEacHam Compl. Gent. xiii. (1634) 1301 ‘To have 
blurred it out for some small disresen_blance, either in the 
eye or mouth. 1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 24 One ex- 
ceeding like the first. .and disresembling him in nothing [etc.]. 

+ Disrese‘nt,v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ RESENT 
v. (which formerly meant ‘to take well or ill’).] 
trans. To have a feeling against, to take ill; 
= RESENT in its current sense. 

1652 W. Hartrey /uf. Baptism 12 The Lord .. dis-re- 
sented such performances as were tainted with wickedness. 

Disrespect (disr/spekt), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + 
Respect sé. ; or perlx from Disrespect v.] Want 
of respect, courteous regard, or reverence. 

1631 GouGre God's Arrows i. § 80. 336 Profanation of 
holy things .. manifesteth a disrespect of God himselfe. 
1731 JoHNsON Let. to G. Hickman 30 Oct. in Boswell, Vhis 
delay .. proceeded neither from forgetfulness, disrespect 
nor ingratitude. 1771 Funins Lett. liv. 285 My memory 
fails me, if I have mentioned their names with disrespect. 
1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 23 No expression indicating 
disrespect to the Sovereign .. was suffered to escape. 

+b. With @ and g/. An instance of this ; an act 
showing disesteem or irreverence; ‘an act ap- 
proaching to rudeness’ (J.). Ods. 

1632 Marmion Holland's Leaguer 1v. v, Howsoever I 
have found a disrespect from you, yet I forget it. 1647 
Crarenvon “ist. Reb. 1. § 149 Any disrespect to any acts 
of state..was in no time more penal. 1689 Col. Rec. 
Pernsylv. 1. 314, I doe also fforgive y* Disrespects and 
neglects of any persons. @ 1714 M. Henry Wks. (1835) 11. 
139 Their unkindnesses and disrespects to hiniself. 

Disrespect, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Respecr v.] 
trans. The reverse of to respect; to have or show no 
respect, regard, or reverence for; to treat with 
irreverence. 

1614 WitHeR Sat, to King, Juvenilia (1633) 346 Here can 
I smile to see .."how the mean mans suit is dis-respected. 
1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts N. 7.11 Ifhe love the one he must 
disrespect the other. 1683 Cave £cclesiastici 231 (Basil) 
To honor him, and dis-respect his Friend, was to stroke 
a man’s head with one hand, and strike him with the other. 
1706 Hearne Collect. 26 Apr., He was disrespected in 
Oxford by several men who now speak well of him. 1852 
L. Hunt Poems Pref. 27 Asif .. sorrow disrespected things 
homely. G. Merepitn Diana I. 257 You will judge 
whether he disrespects me. 


DISRESPECTABILITY. 


Hence Disrespe‘cted A//. a., -ing vb/. sb. 

1631 Gouce Gods Arrows i. § 45. 75 A dis-respecting, 
despising, and vilifying of Gods mercies. 1640 GLAPTHORNE 
Ladies Privil. w. Wks. 1874 11. 140, I meane not..To save 
a dis-respected life. 1791 Paine Rights of Max (ed. 2) 
1. 101 Reflecting how wretched was the condition of a dis- 
respected man, 1876 G. Mereoitn Beanch. Career III. vi. 
105 Treating her .. like a disrespected grandmother. 

respectability (dis:/spektabi'liti).  [f. 
next + -ITY, after respectabilily.] The quality of 
being disrespectable; the reverse of respectability. 

1830 Lytton /’. Clifford vii, Committed .. to the House 
of ction on the charge of disrespectability. 1848 
‘THackeray Van, Fair \xiv, Her taste for disrespectability 
grew more and more remarkable. 1893 W. WaLtace Sco?. 
Yesterd, 60 Anoffice which had an odour of disrespectability. 

Disrespectable (disrispektab'l), a. [D1s- 
10.) The opposite of respectable; not worthy of 
respect ; not in accordance with standards of re- 
spectability. 

1813 Examiner 22 Mar. 187/1 All distinction .. between 
what is respectable and what is disrespectable would be 
at an end. 1822 Scorr Niged xvi, Well acquainted with 
the town .. but in a sort of disrespectable way. 1865 M. 
Arnotp Ess. Crit. v. (1875) 223 Not only was he [Heine] 
not one of Mr. Carlyle’s ‘respectable’ people, he was pro- 
foundly disrespectaple. 

Disrespe'cter. *ave. 
-ER!.] One who disrespects. 

1661 BoyLe Style Script. (1675) 149 There .. are but too 
many witty disrespecters of the Scripture. x71 tr. Veren- 
sels’ Disc. Logom. 127 The Disrespecters of the Antients. 

Disrespectful (disr/spektfil), a. [f. Dis- 
10 + RESPECTFUL, after disrespect.] ‘The opposite 
of respectful ; full of or manifesting disrespect. 

a 1677 Barrow Serm, Wks. 1687 I. xxiii. 316 Offended 
with our injurious and disvespecital behaviour toward him. 
1681 FE. Scrater Ser, at Putney 26 The least dis-respectfull 
word is Rebellion. 1741 Ricuarnson Pamela II. 320, 
I must say nothing..that is disrespectful or undutiful. 
1859 Dickens 7. 7qwo Cities u. xii, 1 will hear no dis- 
respectful word of that young lady from any lips. 1884 
Sir J. Pearson in Law Times Rep. 11. 659/1 It would be 
disrespectful to the Court of Appeal. 

Jig. 1748 Whitehall Even, Post No. 405 Our Commerce 
- still suffers much from these disrespectful Accidents. 

Disrespe‘ctfully, adv. [f. prec. +-Ly *.] In 
a disrespectful manner. 

1671 CLARENDON //ist. Reb. 1x. § 110 The lord Wentworth 

. talked very imperiously, and very disrespectfully .. to 
some of the council. 19717 T. Howet Desiderius (ed. 3) 15 
He has .. withdrawn from the publick Stage of the World, 
where he has been disrespectfully treated. 1856 Frouve 
Hist. Eng. 1. 277 Prohibiting ‘Tyndale’s Testament, in the 
preface of which the clergy were spoken of disrespectfully. 

Disrespe'ctfulness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality or fact of being disrespectful. 

1672 Life of F. Alleine v. (1838) 48 Bearing with their 
dulness, rudeness, and disrespectfulness. 1863 Miss Brap- 
pon ¥. Marchmont 11. x. 229, 1 seemed to feel as if it was 
a sin and a disrespectfulness towards her to wear colours. 

+ Disrespe‘ctive, ¢z. Ols. [f. Dis- 10+ Ke- 
SPECTIVE; after d/svespect.] = DISRESPECTFUL. 

1623 Witner //yins & Songs (1856) 33 Disrespective we 
have been Of statutes, judgements, and decree. 1628 Dicpy 
Voy, Medit. (1868) 54, 1 restored’ my principall masters 
mate.,that I had turned before the mast for some disrespec- 
tiue misdemeanour. 1735-6 Carre Ormonde 1, 325 This rash 
and violent proceeding so disrespective to that nobleman. 

Henee + Disrespectively adv., disrespectfully. 

1636 Bratuwait Roman Emperors 360 He passed to 
another life at Prague, disrespectively there inhumed. 

+Disrespondency. 0¢s. rare. [Dis- 9.] 
Absence of response ; the fact of not responding. 

1657 Cokaine Oéstinate Lady u. ii, Why .. would you 
engage So much yourself to any of that sex, As for a dis- 
respondency to lay Violent hands upon yourself ? 

+ Disre'st, 5. Ods. [Dis- 9.] The opposite 
of rest; disquiet, unrest. 

1567 ‘Tursery. Ovid's Ef. 19b, The sorer is the cruell 
gaShe, and breedes the more disrest. 1668 Hower Bless. 
Righteous (1825) 103 Free from any molestation from with- 
out, or principle of disrest within. 1726 Amuerst 7erra 
Fil. xxxiii. 177 Violence, disrest, and an ill name, will be 
the rewards of your folly and obstinacy. 

+ Disre'st, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7a + Rest sd.] 
trans, a. To remove or dislodge from a place of 
rest. b. To deprive of rest ; to disturb. 

1696 in Church PAilip’s War (1967) 11. 123 An Expedition 
to attack that Fort, and to disrest and remove the Enemy 
from that Post. 1726 Pennactow /nd. Wars (1859) 52 Our 
frontiers at home were as much disrested as ever, 

Disrestore v.: see Dis- 6. 

+ Disre'verence, v. O’s. [Dis- 6 or 7a.] 
trans. The opposite of ¢o reverence ; to treat with 
irreverence ; to deprive of reverence, 

1529 More Dyalogue mi. 84/1 To se his maieste dis- 
reuerenced. 1608 W. ScLATER Malachy (1650) 45 ‘That we 
pollute not nor disreverence the Name G @ 1670 Hacker 
Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 127 How is His glory dis-reverenced 
over all this land ? 

rewa'rd, v. [Dis- 6 or 7a.] érans. To 
reverse the act of rewarding ; to deprive of reward. 

1640 Quartes Enchirid. 1. xcvi, Beware of Pride..it dis- 
rewards goodnesse in it selfe, by vain glory. 

+ Disrie‘gled, ppt. a. Obs. [f. OF. desretglé 
‘vnrulie, disord .. vnbridled’ (Cotgr.) + =ED'. 
Cf. ReGLe v.] Unruly, unregulated, outrageous. 

1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) 342 It is a necessary duty to cut 
off enormity and disriegiod inordinances. 


[f. Disrespecr v. + 


| 


502 


Disrobe (disréub),v. Also 6-7-roab. [D1s- 
6 or 7a. Cf. OF. desrober in same sense.] 

1. “rans. To divest or strip of a robe or garment ; 
to undress, strip. Const. of, from. 

1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. iii. 17 The holy Saints of their rich 
vestiments He did disrobe. 1595 Suaks. Yohn u. i. 147 He 
.. That did disrobe the Lion of that robe. 1601 — ¥u/. C. 
1. i. 69 Disrobe the Images. 1638 Sir T, Hersert 7rav. 
(ed. 2) 236 One holds po asecond disroabs him. 1648 
Mayne Amorous War ww. vi, Disrobe your upper parts. 
1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 312 Dis-rob’d, their vests apart in order 
lay. 1847 Tennyson Princ. Concl. 117 Lilia Disrobed the 
glimmering statue of Sir Ralph From those rich silks. 

2. refl. and intr. To divest oneself of clothing ; 
to undress. 

1581 Muccaster Positions xxxiv. (1887) 122 They disrobed 
themselues, and were chafed with a gentle kinde of rubber. 
1603 Order Coronation Fas. / in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1846-7) 
III. 109 note, The king. . there disrobeth himself of his upper 
garments. sad Pore /éiad v. 904 Pallas disrobes. pf oad 
Craspe Sir E. Grey xx, They make the hypocrite disrobe. 
1883 Gitmour A/ongols xviii. 211 You will notice as they 
disrobe, that each and all wear at their breast charms. 

3. transf. and fig. To divest, strip. 

1592 Nobody §& Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shaks. 1. (1878) 
299 Archigallo shall be deposd, And thou disroab’d of all 
thy dignitie. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7raz. (ed. 2) 330 Nut- 
meg .. at full ripnesse disroabs it selfe, and discovers .. the 
Mace. 1751 Smoitett Per. Pick. (1779) IV. cii. 321 Desire 
to see her fair eyes disrobed of..resentment, 1878 G. Mac- 
ponaLp Phantastes vii. 112 The very voice. .seemed to dis- 
robe the room of the strange look. 

Hence Disro‘bed ///. a.; Disro*bing vd/. sd. 
and ff. a. 

1794 Mrs. Piozz1 Synon. 11. 302 Writers who delight not 
in disrobed meaning. 1813 SHettey Q. A/aé ix. 171 Fear 
not..death’s disrobing hand. 1841 Lane Arad. Nts. I. 121 
‘The first apartment is the .. disrobing room. 

Disro‘bement. [f. Diskope+-ment.] The 
action of disrobing or divesting of a covering. 

1747 GouLp Eng. Ants 46 You may discern such Disrobe- 
ments in the Cones of Silk-Worms. 1830 Blackw. Mag. 
XXVIII. 875 Damon watches the process of disrobe- 
ment. 

Disro‘ber. [f. as prec.+-ER!.] One who or 
that which disrobes. 

1654 Gayton /’/eas, Notes 1. viii. 119 Disinchanters of 
Negromancers, disrobers of gypsies. 1882 Sik P. Feuis in 
Soctety 7 Oct. 18/1 The trees, swept bare by autumn’s gale 
—That swift and merciless disrober. 

Disroof (disr7-f), v. [Dis- 7a,] ¢rans. To 
deprive of the roof; to unroof. Hence Disroo'fed 


Ppl. a. 

1837 Carty.e 77. Rev. IIL. v. vii. (1872) 208 Ghastly 
chateaus stare on you by the wayside, disroofed, diswin- 
dowed, 1871 J. C. Jearrreson Ann, Oxf. II. x. 154 The 
disroofed and dismantled walls of the venerable fanes. 

+ Disroom, v. Os. vare. In 5 dysrowme. 
[f. Dis- 7¢+ Room sé.]  ¢rans. ‘To displace. 

1489 Caxton /aytes of A.1. xxiii. 71 Noon vpon peyne of 
deth shall dysrowme hym self. 

Disroost v.: see Dis- 7 c. 

Disroot (disrzt), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Roor v.] 
trans. ‘Yo pull up by the roots; to uproot, unroot. 

1800 / rans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVIII. 368 Pine-suckers 
. having disrooted and plunged them into old dust of bark. 
1849 /lorist 279 Repot the bottoms that have been dis- 
rooted. 1876 Swinsurne Erechtheus (ed. 2) 178 And with 
one hand disroot All tender flower and fruit. 

b. transf. To dislodge (anything) from the 
place where it is fixed. 

1612 7wo Noble A. v. vi, When neither curb would crack 
. nor differing plunges Dis-root his rider whence he grew. 
1774 Goivsm. Vat. //ist. (1862) I. xii. 63 The sliding down 
of a higher piece of ground, disrooted from its situation, 185¢ 
CartyLte Fredk, Gt. VILL. xvi. xii. 33 Daun .. could not 
have disrooted Friedrich this season. 

Hence Disroo'ting v//. sb. ; Disroo'ter, one who 
disroots. 

1826 Scott Yru/. 10 Oct., A kind of disrooting that recalls 


a thousand painful ideas of former happier journeys. 1883 
Encyel. Dict., Disrooter, 
Disrow'nd, v. wonce-wd. [Dis- 8.]  ¢rans. 


To deprive of roundness or rotundity ; to unround. 

1555 Watreman Fardle Facions 1. iii. 33 (They) are of 
opinion that the circuite of the earth..disroundyng hym 
self, shooteth out thre corner wise. 

+ Disroutt, v. Obs. Also 6 disrought. [ad. 
OF. desrouter (13th c. in Littré), mod.F, d& 
router, f, des-, Dis- 4 + OF. route band, company. 
Cf. Routzv.] a. trans. To put to rout. b, tutr. 
To be put to rout; to break up, become scattered. 

1525 Lo. Berners /rviss, IL. cxxxix. [cxxxv.] 389 If they 
disrought and be out of ordre, they shall soone be taken vp. 
1s92 Wyaiey Armorie 63, | appoint to you .. thence not 
buge vnlesse you plainly vewe Vs to disrout, 1626 7yue 
Relat. Stratagem in Arb. Garner 1, 608 The Black Prince 
. disrouted their mighty armies. 1630 J. TayLor (Water P.) 
World runs on Whee /s Wks. 1. 243/2 To disrowte their 
enemies, breaking their rankes and order, 

Disrou't, sb. Ods. rare. [a. OF. desroute rout, 
disorder, mod.F. déroute, f. dérouter: see prec.) 
The act of putting to rout; rout, defeat. ‘ 

1623 tr. Favine's Theat. Hon. u. xiii. 217 Were (after their 
disroute) brought to Julius Caesar. ~ 

+ Disroy‘alty. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 9 + 
Royatty.] Undoing of royal dignity. 

vn ad R. Johnson's Kingd. §& Commw. 210 Kings of Den- 
sad e..have thought it no disroyaltie to set up divers manu- 
factures, 


DISRUPTION. 


Disruddered, #//. a. rare. [Dis- 7a] De- 
prived of the rudder. 


a@1788 in Croft Let. to Pitt on Fohnson’s New Dict. 
At the raqeth of oxy nddicsonal weeds 1 ted dieatdorae 
‘their gait like to that of a di ship’. . 
+ Disrwlily, adv. Obs. In 4 disrewlilye. 
[f next +-Ly 2.) In an unruly manner. 
ce 1400 Rom. Rose 4q00 [Youthe]. .makith hym love yvelle 
as 


companye, And lede his lyf disrewlil 
t “ly, @. Obs. rare-°. [in ME. *disrewlie, 


implied in prec. adv., a. OF, desrieulé unregulated, 
— mod.F. cart Mi wse 
1 vins Manip. 99/47 Disrulie, 7: i 
Disrump (disry‘mp), v1 {ad. i. disrump-ére 
(also dirumpére) to break into pieces, burst asunder, 
f, Dis- 1+ 7umpére to break.] To break up, burst 
asunder, Disrupt (¢rans. and intr.). 


(In quot. 1661, with a play upon the Rump Parliament.) 
1s8r ‘IT. Nuce Seneca’s Octavia ui. ii. 177 b, Let spouses 


age And curteous bashfull shame disrumpe your rage. 1661 
Sir H. Vane's Politics 16 U the sad pecan + ef that 
Scotch Army, our forlorn Society .. became dis-rumped. 
1886 Sat. Kev. 8 May 635/2 A caucus is a much worse 
monster than a dragon. .and does not disrump so easily. 

‘mp, v7.2 nonce-wd. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans. 
To deprive of the ramp. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes w.v. 196 The Barber.. parts 
with his taile-piece, and walks as one of the disrump’d 
[printed dirump'd] Poultry. i 

+ ‘mpent, a. Obs. [a. L. désrumpent-em, 
pr. pple. of desrumpéere: see Disxump v.'!] That 
bursts asunder. 

1657 Tomuinson Revou's Disp. 391 Vested with a mem- 
branous and frequently disrumpent barke. . 

Disrupt (disry pt), ppd. a. [ad. L. disrupt-us, 
pa. pple. of disrumpére : see DisruMp v.1 and cf. 
Dirvrt.] Burst or broken asunder; broken up. 
Chiefly as poetic fa. pple. = DISRUPTED. 

I Batey (folio), Disrupt, broken or rent asunder. 
1782 W. Stevenson Hymn to Deity 16 Behind a watery 
cloud disrupt. 1850 Mrs. Browntnc Soul’s Travelling 
viii, Though at your feet The cliff’s disrupt. 1885 G. 
Merepitu Diana II. i. 3 Leaving them .. disrupt, as by 
earthquake. : 3 

Disrupt (disrypt), v.  [f. L. désrupé- ppl. stem 
of disrumpéere: see DisruMP v.! Except in single 
quot. 1657, app. not in use before 19th c, Not in 
J., T., R., nor Webster 1828. Cf. the rare Di- 
RuPT.] 

1. intr. To burst asunder. rare. 

1657 Tomiinson Kenon's Disp. 668 Almonds..may be.. 
agitated. .over a slow fire, till the Involucrum disrupt. 

. trans. To break or burst asunder ; to break in 


pieces, shatter; to separate forcibly. 

1817 Scoressy in Ann. Reg., Chron. 556 The most for- 
midable fields .. become disrupted into a thousand arog 
1849 7 ait's Mag. XV1. 423 We should .. disrupt the 

‘TourGee Fool's Err, xxiii. 140 The attempt which was 
¢ to disrupt the government. x as 

Jig. 1865 Pall Mail G.1 June 11 His very religious and 
chitseopitcal thinkings being constantly disrupted by some 
whim or personal peculiarity. : 

Hence Disrupted, Disru‘pting f//. ads. 

1819 Blackw. Mag. 1V. 397 There is a cor and a har- 
mony in the disrupted fragments of the cliffs. 1849 Dana 
Geol. ii. (1850) 107 ‘These disrupting and transporting effects. 
1876 Pace Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. iv. 84 When igneous matter 
forces its way through the stratified rocks. .it is termed dis- 
rupting. 1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. (1877) 704 ‘There 
come into play disrupting influences. 1879 A. AVIDSON 
Expositor The reunion of the disrupted kingdom. 

Bisra ble, a. rare. [f. Disrupt, +-ABLE.] 
Capable of being disrupted. Hence Disrupta- 
bility. 


1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth (1892) 111, xxx. 208 The 
intense and disruptable feeling. 1893 Scott. Leader 11 Oct. 
3 As many points of disruptability as the mariner's compass 


AAS ints. 

,-or, [See -ER |, -on.] One who 
breaks up; one who causes disruption. 

1881 Sat, Kev. 23 July 116/2 These eminent planes 
had been passionate pe Bom id for the nationality of the 
Church. 1886 Parnett in Pal? Mall G. 26 June 10/2 They 
d d Mr. Glad: as a betrayer of his country and 
a disruptor of the Empire. { 

Disru'ptic, a. rare. [f. L. désrupt- (see Dis- 
RUPT v.) + -IC.] Of or pertaining to the disrup- 
tion or becabing., up (of organic structures). 

1889 Gevpes & THomson Evol. of Sex 88 The ascending, 
synthetic, constructive series of changes are tert ‘ana- 
bolic’; the os mee disruptic series, ‘katabolic ’, “3 

Disruption (disropjon). [ad. L. disruption- 
em (diruption-em), n. of action from désrumpéere 
to burst or break asunder.] : 

1. The action of rending or bursting asunder; 
violent dissolution of continuity; forcible sever- 
ance, 4 

Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. xvi. 145 Theophrastus. « 
Pron - och .+ that upon a full and plentifull impletion there 
may su a disruption of the matrix. ‘T. Burnet 
Th. Earth 1. 16x These great earthquakes and disruptions, 
that did such great execution upon the body of the earth, 
r Kirwan Geol, Ess. 251 ‘These -— did not assume 


the columnar form by crystallization, but by —— 2 


Miss SCHIMMELPENNINCK tr. Zour LaG 
ro At the sudden disruption of the masses of rock . 
1866 Rocers Agric. § Prices 1. xxiii. 601 On the final dis- 
ruption of Guienne from the English crown. 


. DISRUPTIONIST. 


2. A disrupted condition; a disrupted part or 
place, a rent. 

1760-72 tr, Fuan § Ulloa’s Voy. (ed, 3) II. 88 They. .rend 
the earth, and at every shock leave it full of disruptions. 
1852 Miss YonGe Cameos (1877) II. xxv. 233 In the time 
of weakness and disruption. 1877 Moriey Crit. Alisc., 
Carlyle Ser. 1. (1878) 199 The whole polity of Europe was 

left in such a condition of disruption as had not [etc. ] 

3. spec. The Disruption: the name applied to 
the great split in the Established Church of Scot- 
land, 18th May 1843, when 451 ministers left that 
Church and formed themselves into the Free Pro- 
testing (afterwards, simply, the Free) Church of 
Scotland. 

The cause of their separation was the failure of the Church 
to maintain its complete independence in matters spiritual 
as against the interference of the Civil Courts (Court of 
Session), for which the Evangelical party had carried on a 
‘Ten Years’ Conflict’ against the ‘ Moderates’. 

1843 CANDLISH Sfeech 30 Mar. in Life (1880) 293 All the 
people are concerned in making preparation for that dis- 
ruption which is now inevitable. /d/¢. 6 Sept. 315 The 
Free Church, since the Disruption has in a wonderful man- 
ner kept herself free from .. attacks on the existing Estab- 
lishment. 1886 J. H. Bunt Dict. Sects 167/1 The standing 
outside the Establishment for a quarter of a century has 
much weakened the adherence .. to the original views 
maintained at the Disruption. 

attrib, 1871 J. Mackenzir Life Princ. Cunningham xv. 
of The same contented cheerfulness dwelt in the poor abode 
of every Disruption minister. /dé¢. 195 Dr. Cunningham 
visited this district in November of the Disruption year. 

Disru'ptionist. [f prec. + -1st.]} One who 
favours disruption. 

1886 Sat. Rev. 22 May 693/2 The disruptionists, with all 
Trish sedition to back them, will be powerless. 1886 
Atheneum 11 Sept. 331/2 As to the origin of the [Homeric] 
poems Mr. Leaf seems to be a unionist by predilection, but 
a moderate disruptionist by conviction. 

attrib. 1882 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 458 Disruptionist ten- 
dencies in some of the revolutionary schools of Russia, 
Disruptive (disreptiv), a. [f. L. désrupt- ppl. 
stem : see DISRUPT v. and -IVE. 

1. Causing or tending to disruption ; bursting or 
breaking asunder. 

1862 J. Spence Amer. Union 92 None anticipated the 

t disruptive force that now convulses the country. 1874 

TuBBS Const. Hist. (1875) I. ix. 255 ‘The speedy demon: 
ment of disruptive tendencies. 

b. Electr. (See quots.) 

1842-3 Grove Corr, Phys. Forces (1874) 80 The electrical 
disruptive discharge, 1870 R. M. Fercuson Electr. 79 The 
term disruptive discharge is applied to all cases where dis- 
charge is accompanied with a disruption of the particles of 
the dielectric. 1880 J. E. H. Gorvon Llectr. § Magn, (1883) 
II, 187 It follows almost as a matter of course that all dis- 
charges in rarefied air are equally disruptive and discon- 
tinuous, 1892 Pall Mall G. 4 Feb. 6/3 Currents of still 
higher frequency and potential are obtained by passing the 
oat or disruptive discharge from a battery o! Uecaes jars 
through the primary circuit of an induction coil. 

2. Produced by disruption ; eruptive. 

1876 Pace Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. vii. 128 The disruptive 
character of these rocks. 

Hence Disru'ptively adv.; Disru‘ptiveness. 

1870 R. M. Fercuson Evectr, 87 They discharge into each 
other disruptively. 1880 J. E.H. Gorpon Electr. §& Magn. 
(1883) II. 186 The character which was found to be funda- 
mental in sensitive discharges, viz., disruptiveness, is com- 
mon to both kinds of discharge. 

Disruptment. vare—'. [f. Disrupt v. + 
-MENT.] Breaking off, disruption. 

1834 Fraser's Mag. IX. 290 The disruptment of granite 
blocks from the summit of x Blanc. & 

Disrupture (disrzptii), sd. [f. Disrurr v., 

after Ruprure.] ‘The action of disrupting or burst- 
ing asunder ; disruption. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1.660 This disrupture discovered 
the vein of yellow metal at a great depth. 1804 Watt in 
Phil. Trans. XCHV. 308 Effected.. by the apparent dis- 
rupture of rocks. 1828 Hist, Europe in Ann. Reg. 122/2 
This disrupture of ordinary ties. 1884 Bower & Scott De 
Bary’'s Phaner, 603 The consequent splitting and disrupture 
of the medullary sheath, 

Disrupture, v. [f. the sb.: cf. rapture vb.] 
trans. To break off or asunder; to divide by a 
tupture. Hence Disru-ptured Z//. a. 

3828 WensteRr cites Med. Repos. for Disruptured. 18: 
M. Scorr Cruise Midge (1859) 299 A huge mass of the 
Rey cliff above was disruptured, 1838 Por A. G. Pym 

ks. 1864 IV. 177 The ruins of the disruptured cliff. 1869 

Contemp. Rev. X11. 184 These virtues exercise their bene- 
ficent influence in each portion of the disruptured church, 

Diss (dis). [a. Arab. Gwo dis, the native 
name.] The Algerian name for a Mediterranean 
grass, Ampelodesma (Arundo) tenax, the fibrous 
stems of which are used for making cordage, ete. 

1855 Sir W. Hooxer Reft. on Veg. Prod. at Paris Exhib. 
UI. Algeria 35-7 Dis. 1871 Policy of Alliance Assur. Co., 
On Merchandise (excludin Esparto, Alpha or Alfa, Diss.. 
Petroleum, and all Mineral and Rock Oils and their liquid 
products’. 1895 Guide to Museum of Econ, Bot., Kew No.2. 


73 Biss. 
issaf, -aiue, dissait(e, -at(e, obs. ff. Dz- 
CEIVE, Decerrr. 

~ Sc. Obs. 
Deception, deceiving. 
¢1470 Henry Wallace vy. 612 And -othir quhill he thocht 
on his dissaiff. 


+ Dissaivnt, v. Cds. [f. Dis- 6 or 7b + Sary7.] 


[Sc. form of Dxcrrve.] 


- self also was very much dis 


503 


trans. To make no longera saint; to remove from 
the calendar of saints ; to unsaint. 

1612 T. James Corrupt. Script. iv. 39 They may as well 
dissaint him hereafter (as saint him now). 

Dissaisin, obs. Sc. form of DissEIsIN. 

+ Dissa‘lt, v. Ods. [Dis- 72.] trans. To free 
from salt. 


1706 Puittirs (ed, Kersey), Dissalted, cleared from Salt, 
made fresh. _17ax in BarLey. 


Dissar, Dissard(e, var. Disour, Dizzarp. 
Dissatisfaction (disscetisfekfan).  [f. Drs- 


9 + Satisraction.] The fact or condition of | 


being dissatisfied ; discontent ; ‘ want of something 
to complete the wish’ (J.). 

1640 in Rushw. //ist. Co/?. us. (1692) I. 52 When .. the 
Spanish Armada appeared in the Downs, to the great fear 
and dissatisfaction of the City. 1648 Cromwe.t Let. 25 Nov., 
The dissatisfaction you take at the ways of some good men, 
1791 Mrs. Rapciirre Rom. Horest i, ‘The chance of future 
trouble .. occasioned some dissatisfaction. 1868 Dickens 
Lett, (1880) II, 335 He .. concluded (as usual) by giving 
universal dissatisfaction. 

b. (with 7.) A feeling or expression of dissatis- 
faction or discontent. 

¢ 1640 SANpERSON in Walton Lif App. i, From the reading 
of it I went away with many and great dissatisfactions. 
1662 H. More Philos. Writ, Pref. Gen. 12 Concerning 
my /mmortality of the Soul, 1 shall take notice only of 
these two Dissatisfactions. 1723 Biackmore 77ae /Tist. 
Conspir, Pref. A viija, The Conspirators .. ingrafted their 
Treason on Public Dissatisfactions, 

ce. A cause or occasion of dissatisfaction or dis- 
content ; a dissatisfactory circumstance. 

1702 W. J. Bruyn’s Voy. Levant \xvii. 242 They had..the 
dissatisfaction of being obliged to return home, without 
having seen the Antiquities of Tadmor, 

Dissatisfactory (disscetisferktori), @ — [f. 
Dis- to + Satisracrory.] Not satisfactory ; 
causing dissatisfaction or discontent; unsatisfac- 


1779 ‘I 
Writ. (1893) II. 189 Their conduct. .has been so d 
tory to the French minister that [etc.]. 1846 ‘THACKERAY 
Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 96, I don’t know anything 
more dissatisfactory and absurd. 

Hence Dissatisfa'ctoriness, the quality or con- 
dition of being dissatisfactory. 

1677 Hace Contenpl. u. 5 The shortness and uncertainty 
of sensible Enjoyments .. their Poorness, Emptiness, Insuf- 
ficiency, Dissatisfactoriness. 

Dissatisfied (dissx'tisfaid), ps7. a. [f. Drs- 
SATISFY + -ED!.] Deprived of satisfaction; dis- 
pleased; disquieted by the fecling of the insuffi- 
ciency or inadequacy of something. 

1675 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. an. 1599 [Essex] him- 
atisfied and displeased that 
the queen had. .conferred on Sir Robert Cecyl the gainfull 
office of master of the wards. 1680 in Hacke Codlect. Voy. 
11, (1699) 15 Very grateful to our dissatisfied Minds. a1704 
T. Brown Two Oxf Scholars Wks. (1730) 1. 2 Infinitely 
dissatisfy’d with several things in the Church of England. 
1827 Lytron Pelham v, 1 had no reason to be dissatisfied 
be 4 my success. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) III. 227 Glaucon 
.- was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus’ retirement. 

b. Exhibiting or expressing dissatisfaction. 

1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. IV. 192 Lord Mira- 
mont’s dissatisfied looks, and sullen silence. 1842 BARHAM 
Ingol. Leg., Row in Onnibus, With a gloomy brow and 
dissatisfied air. 1883 O'Donovan A/ery xxiv. 298 The 
horses were standing around in dissatisfied silence. 

Hence Dissa‘tisfiedly adv., in a dissatisfied 
manner, with dissatisfaction; Dissa‘tisfiedness, 
the condition of being dissatisfied, dissatisfaction. 

1710 R. Warp Life of H. More 147 Seasons of Perplexity 
and Dissatisfiedness. 1805 Mrs. INcHBaLD 70 Marry, or 
uot in Br. Theatre 3, Hester. Oh Madam .. forgive this 
intrusion .. A/rs, M7. My dear, I must forgive all you do. 
(Dissatisfiedly.) 1880 Ruova Broucuton Sec. 7: 1. viii, 
She remains dissatisfiedly mute. 

Dissatisfy (disse'tisfai), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Sa- 


‘TISFY v.] ¢vans. To deprive of satisfaction, to 


render unsatisfied ; to fail to satisfy or fulfil the 
Cesires or wishes of ; to displease, discontent, make 
unquiet in mind. Also aésol. 

1666 Perys Diary 23 July, The French are not yet joined 
with the Dutch, which do dissatisfy the Hollanders. 1673 
Lady's Call. 1, § 2 ¥ 9. 68 Denying her self even the most 
innocent liberties, if she see they dissatisfy him. a 1726 
Cottier (J.), The advantages of life will not hold out to 
the length of desire, and, since they are not big enough to 
satisfy, they should not be big enough to dissatisfy, 1806 
Lp. Grenvitte in Dk, Buckhm, Crt. § Cad. Geo. 177, (1855) 
IV. 9 Doing enough to dissatisfy my own mind, and always 
too little to satisfy theirs. "1865 M. Arnotp ss. Crit. viii. 
(2875) 319 In all his production how much there is to dis- 
satisfy us, 

Hence Dissa‘tisfying f//. a., that fails to satisfy, 
or renders unsatisfied. 

1709 STEELE Zatler No. 180 ® 6 To follow such dissatis- 
fying Pursuits. 1809 CoLrrince Friend (1866) 338 After 
long and dissatisfying toils. 

Dissa‘turate, v. [Dis- 6.] trans. To free 
(anything) of that with which it is saturated. 

1866 LoweLL Swindurne’s Trag., Pr. Wks. (1890) II. 137 
We cannot so dissaturate our minds of it. 

+ Dissa-vage, v. Obs. [Dis--8.] trans. To 
bring out of a savage condition; to tame, to 
civilize, 


DISSECT. 


3631 Cuarman Casar § Pompey 1. (D.), Those wilde 
kingdomes.. Which I dissavag’d and made nobly ciuill. 

Dissave, -awe, -ayf, -ayte, etc, obs. ff. Dr- 
CEIVE, DECEIT, ete. 

Dissaventure, var. of Disapventunr, Ods. 

Disscatter, var. of Discarren v. Ods. 

Dissceptre (dissepto1),v. Also 7 disceptre, 
6-7 -er. [f. Dis- 7a+4Sceprre sb.) dvans. ‘Yo 
deprive of the sceptre, or of kingly authority. 

1591 Syivester Du Bartas 1, vi. 615 Rebellious Flesh, 
whose rest-less Treason Strives to dis-throne and to dis- 
scepter Reason, 1610 T. Gopwin Moses § avon 1, xiii. 
61 Prevent a possible deposing or disceptring. 1656 S. H. 
Gold, Law 55 ‘Vhis .. people have de-thron’d, uncrown'd, 
and dis-cepter'd me. 1886 W. ALEXANDER St. Angustine'’s 
Holiday 216 Disrobed, dissceptred. .discrown'd, 

Dissch, obs. form of Disu. 

Dissease, obs. form of Decrasrk, DIsrase. 

+ Dissea‘son, v. Ols. Also 7 diseason. 

I. [f. Dis- 6+ Season v.] 

1. ¢rans, To take away or change the flavour of. 

1583 SranyHurRsT Aevers 1. (Arb.) 23 Foorth do they lay 
vittayls, with storme disseasoned heauy [Ceverem corrup- 
tam undis), 1613 JACKSON Creed 1. § 15 Seeing 
no hope of diseasoning the old and w ed stockes, fit 
fewell for everlasting flames. 1615 G. Sanpys 77a7. 106 
(The Red Sea]. .would either drowne the countrey, or else 
by mixing with the Nilus, disseason his waters.” 1621 a 
Ovid's Met. xv. (1626) 295 An olive wild, which bitter fruit 
affords, Becomes dis-seasned with his bitter words. 

2. ‘lo deprave the sense of taste of. rare. 

1625 W. B. 7rue School War Vo Rdr. 4 Like some 
Disseasoned Palats, thou doost nauseate at Plentie. 

II. [f. Dis- 7 + Season sd.] 

3. To render out of season, make unseasonable. 

@ 1628 FY, Grevitte Poems Monarchy v, Wks. Grosart I. 
197 The second light of government, Which stories yield, 
and no timé can disseason, 

Disseat (diss7t',v. [f. Dis- 6 or 7¢ + Sra 
v. or sb.] trans. To remove or eject from or as 
from a seat; to unseat ; to remove from where it 
is seated or situated. Hence Dissea'ted ///. a. 

[That quot. 1605 belongs to this word is doubtful.] 

[1605 Suaxs. A/acd. v. iii. 21 his push Will cheere me 
euer, or dis-eate [Fo. 2, 3, 4 disease] me now.] 1612. 77 
Noble Kv. iv, The hot horse. .seekes all foule meanes .. to 
dis-seate His lord, that kept it bravely. 1648 J. Goon- 
Win Right §& Aight 21 ‘The disseated Parliament-men. 
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xvi. 548 ‘Vhe Morbifick 
matter being disseated. 1822 C. O'Conor Chron. Eri 1. 
p. xxxi, This mighty conqueror who had dis-seated so many 
kings. 1833 Lams £é/a Ser. un. Barrenness Mod. Art, 
Disseat those woods and place the same figu mong foun- 
tains..and you have a—Naiad! 1866 Dasly Tel, 22 Feb. 
4/5 Application --made. .to disseat the member returned. 

4¢ Di'ssecate, Vv. Obs. Tare. [é Le Isseca-1e 
to cut in pieces, as if from a ppl. stem disseca/- (cf. 
fut. pple. seca@tiiras) instead of the actual form 
dissect-.] =Dissect v. So + Disseca‘tion = I1s- 
SECTION, 

1615 Jackson Creed iv. § 1. vii. $12 The anatomist’s knife 
did lance and dissecate her living members. 1632 ‘I’, Nasu 
Quaternio Ep. Ded., ‘The Apothecary in his drugges, the 
anatomist in his dissecations. 

+ Disse‘cret, v. Obs. rave. [f. Dis- 8 +Srcrer 
a.] “trans. To deprive of secrecy, bring to light. ~ 

1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. xiii. $§ 5 We must 
not put too much confidence, either in the concealeing our 
own designes, or the dissecreting the designes of the enimy, 

Dissect (disekt), v. [f. L. déssect- ppl. stem 
of dissecare, {. Dis- 1 + secave to cut.] 

1. “rans. To cut asunder, cut in pieces, divide by 
cutting. /7¢. and fig. (Now more or less associated 
with 2 and 3.) 

1607 TorseLt Serpents (1653) 621 Young Chickens being 
dissected or cut in pieces when they are warm, ought to be 
laid to the stinged part. 1624 Massincer /ar?. Love 1. Vv, 
To dissect thee, Eat thy flesh off with burning corrosives .. 
were justice, 1638 Sir ‘I’. Herbert 7'vav. (ed. 2) 178 Hee 
that dissected Gordions knot. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. 
Mag. 11. 131 This eminence is dissected into six terraces. 
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. 166 ‘The manner of dis- 
secting this prism. 1886 F, B. Jevons in ¥rnd. Hellenic 
Stud. VII. 292 The aggregationists before them undertook 
to dissect the Iliad into its constituent lays. 

2. spec. To cut up (an animal body, a plant, ete.) 
for the purpose of displaying the position, struc- 
ture, and relations of the various internal parts; to 
anatomize. 

1611 FLorio, Disse¢tare, to desect or cut as an Anatomie. 
1615 Crooke Body of Man 1. ix. (1631\, ‘They say, he 
{Galen] hath giuen vs onely the Anatomy of bruit Beasts, 
and not of Man, hauing neuer dissected a Mans body. 
1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 3 (1682) 2 If we take a Bean 
and dissect it. 1724 Swirr Reasons agst. Exam. Drugs 
Wks. 1755 II. 1. 127 The power given to physicians to 
dissect the bodies of malefactors, 1867 Emerson May-day, 
etc. Wks, (Bohn) III, 422 ‘T'wo doctors in the camp Dis- 
sected the slain deer. 

absol. 1678 Butter //ud. 11. iii. 477 Anatomists dissect 
and mangle, To cut themselves out work to wrangle. 1879 
E. A. Davinson in Cassedd’s Techn. Educ. u. 70 ‘The teacher 
should obtain heads, hearts, &c. of sheep, oxen and other 
animals, and dissect in the presence of the boys. 

b. Zo dissect out: to excise (an organ ora dis- 
eased part) so as not to remove any adjoining part 
with it. 

1864-70 T. Hormes Syst. Surg. 11. 119 In dissecting out 
the cyst. 1894 Lancet 3 Nov, 1030, I made an incision. . from 


DISSECTED. 


the mouth over the prominent cyst wall and dissected the 
tumour out..The wall of the cyst was so thin that when 
nearly dissected out it ruptured. 

3. fig. and transf. To take to pieces, so as to lay 
bare every part ; to examine minutely part by part, 
to analyze ; to criticize in detail. 

@ 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 114 That soul that is dis- 
sected and anatomized to God. 1647 CLarenvon /Yist. Reb. 
1. § 64 Persons of all conditions took great license in .. dis- 
secting all his infirmities. 1 Dryven Persius Sat. 1, 
Yet old Lucilius never fear’d the times; But lash’d the 
city, and dissected crimes. 1850 Kincstey A/¢. Locke i, 
I never could dissect and map out my own beng. or my 
neighbour's as you analysts do. 1869 Rocers Pref. to 
Adam Smith's iV. N. 1.43 He dissected the pretensions of 
the great East India Company. 1875 Jowett P/ato (ed. 2) 
IV. 413 No other thinker has ever dissected the human 
mind with equal patience and minuteness. 

+ 4. To analyze (chemically). Ods. 

1808 J. Bartow Columb, w. 456 O'er great, o’er small 
extends his physic laws, Empalms the empyrean or dissects 


ae raeont 

. Business. To analyze an invoice or account 
of goods bought or sold, picking out the various 
items, and allotting them to the special depart- 
ments to which they severally belong. 

See Dissectine 707. sd, ; 

Disse'cted, ///. a. LE ee +-ED 1.] 

1. That has been cut up, divided into pieces, or 
anatomized, 

Dissected map or picture, a map or picture mounted 
on a thin board and divided into variously shaped parts, to 
be put together as an exercise or puzzle. 

1634 Six T. Hersert 7rav. 184 Laying upon each piece 
of the dissected Betele, a little Arecca, 1638 /d7d. (ed. 2) 31 
Not to be-entred but by a long narrow dissected pa or 
trench. 1667 PAil. Trans. I1. 628 A dissected Head of 
a Sharke. 1824 Cot. L. Stannore Greece 10 She [Greece] 
is like a dissected map in the hands of children, all the 
pieces are there, but the children cannot make them _ fit. 
18.. Ruskin (O.), Or must every architect invent a little 
piece of the new style, and all put it together at last like 
a dissected map? 

2. Of a divided form or structure; sfec. in Bot. 
(of leaves): Cut into many deep lobes; much 
divided. 

1652 GauLe Magastrom, 185 A little chin signes one 
envious .. a dissected and retorted chin, libidinous. 1872 
Ouiver Elem, Bot, u. 182 ‘Vhe finely-dissected leaves of 
Fennel. 1884 Henrrey “vem, Bot. (ed. 4) 62 When the 
leaves are subdivided a fourth time, or even where tripin- 
natisect leaves have filiform segments, the term dissected is 
usually employed. 

Dissectible (disektib'l), a. rare. [f. L. dis- 
sect- ppl. stem (see the vb.) + -BLE.] Capable of 
being dissected. 

1802 Patey Nat. Theol. ix. Wks. 1830 IV. ror Keill has 
reckoned up, in the human body, four hundred and forty- 
six muscles dissectible and describable. 

Dissecti (dise*ktin), v6d. sb, [f. Dissect 
+ -InG!.] The action of the verb Dissrcr. a. 
gen, and Anat.: see Dissect 1-3. b. Business: 
see DISSECT 5. 


1888 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 7/8 Junior clerk wanted. Must | 


be used to draper's counting house, and understand dissect- 
ing. 1893 Daily News 16 May 87 To Drapers.—Young 
lady wants re-engagement as Cashier and Bookkeeper. 
Used to dissecting. 

e. attrib. and Comb., as in dissecting-forceps, 
-hnife, -microscope, -room (i.e, used in anatomical 
dissection); dissecting-clerk, one employed in 
analyzing invoices and accounts of goods sold. 

I Goocn Treat. Wounds 1. 176 Raising the vessel 
a little .. with the point of the knife and dissecting forceps. 
1854 R. Wittis Xefort in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 
II]. 168 The present Dissecting-room of the Professor is 
removed altogether. 1882 Seryt. BALLANTINE Exper, ii. 15 
Gaining a living by supplying the dissecting-table with its 
_ subjects. 1884 Lucyct. Dict. (Cassell), Dissecting- 
clerk. 

Disse'cting, 7//. a. 
That dissects. 

1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Dissecting 
abcess, an abcess which insinuates itself between muscles, 
separating them from each other. /éid., Dissecting Aneur- 
ism, an aneurism in which the inner and middle coats of 
the artery are ruptured, and the blood passes between them 
and the outer coat. 1891 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 61 
Brought to the dissecting eye of the prying student. 

Dissection (dise'kfon).  [ad. L. déssection-em, 
n, of action from dissecare; used in med. or mod.L. 
Perhaps immed. a, F. d¢ssection (Paré, 16th c.).] 

+1. The action or process of cutting asunder or 
in A aig division by cutting. Ods. 

x Cotcr, Dissection, a dissection; a cleauing in 
peeces. 1644 Miron Aveof.(Arb.) 70 There must be many 
schisms and many dissections made in the quarry and in 
the timber, ere the house of God can be built. 1669 Gate 
Crt. Gentiles . 1. ix. 141 As to the Dissection [after sacri- 
fice], it was not made rashly, but with great Art. ney 
Cowrer ask vi. 420 The spaniel dying for some venial 
fault, Under dissection of the knotted scourge. : 

2. spec. The methodical cutting up of an animal 
or a plant, for the purpose of displaying its internal 
structure. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. § 12 (1873) 43 Thus have 
I described and opened, as by a kind of dissection, those 
peccant humours. 1615 Crookr Body of Max 1. ix, Living 
dissections (as we call them) are then put in vse when we 
would find out some action or vse of a part which by the dead 


[f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] 


504 


carkasse cannot be discerned. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1.i. 
§ 28 (1682) 6 What Dissection cannot attain, yet an ocular 
inspection in hundreds of other seeds .. will demonstrate. 
1758 Jounson /dler No. 17 ® 8, 1 know not that by living 
d ions, any di y has been made by which a single 
malady is more easily cured. Hr. Martineau /zst. 
Peace w. xiv. (1877) ILL. 134 Murders for the sake of selling 
bodies for dissection. 1881 Huxvey in Nature No. 615. 347 
For hundreds of years. .the dissection of human bodies was 
impeded, and anatomists were confined to the di: ion of 
dead animals. © . 

3. The action of separating anything into elemen- 
tary or minute parts for the purpose of critical 
examination ; a ‘taking to pieces’, a minute ex- 
amination; detailed analysis or criticism. 

1642 Mitton A fol, Smect. § 4 Thus ends this Section, or 
rather dissection of himself short ye will say both in breath 
and extent. 1654 WxitLock Zootomia 405 In the particular 
Dissection of mens Actions. 1 Mokse Amer. Geog. 11. 
158 It is perhaps the best dissection of the human mind, that 
hath sore in modern times, 1867 Deutscn in Rem, 
we 1 Dissections of dogma and legend and ceremony. 

+4. Chemical analysis. Ods. 

1605 Timme Quersit, 1. xiii. 63 Mercury is extracted out 
of euery thing, first of all in his dissection or seperation into 
a watery vapour. 1794S. Wittiams lermont go By accu- 
rate dissection .. it has been found that this ill scented fluid 
is entirely distinct from the urine. 

5. Business. The analysis of invoices and ac- 
counts, in order that the various items may be 
entered to the account of the special departments 
to which they belong: see DIssEctT v. 5. 

6. concr. That which has ‘been cut asunder or 
dissected, or is in a dissected condition ; anything 
which isthe result or produce of dissecting. 

1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 48 All his [the Poet's] 
kindes are not onlie in their vnited formes, but in their 
seuered dissections fully commendable. 

7. attrib. and Comb, 

1847 W. Reeves Eccl. Antig. 66 note, The Dissection. 
room panic caused many to resort to this place. 1889 
Houxtey in Pall Mall G. 2 May, None of the ordinary 
symptoms of dissection poison supervened. 

Dissective (disektiv), a. [f. L. type *d¢ssec- 
tivus (cf. sectivus), f. dissect- ppl. stem: see -1VE.] 
Characterized by or having the quality of dissect- 
ing ; serving to dissect. 

1860 Dickens Let/. (ed. 2) II. 110 The three people who 
write the narratives in these proofs have a dissective pro- 
perty in common, 1861 Witson & Geikie Mem. E. Forbes 
v. 142 They were plainly anatomical dissective knives. 

Dissector (dise*kta1). Also-er. [agent-n. in 
L. form, from L. dissecare to Dissect. Cf. F. dis- 
secteur.] One who dissects, esp. anatomically. 

1578 Banister //ist. Man 1. 22b The most famous dis- 
sectors, and princes of Anathomy. 161§ Crooke Body of 
Man 306 A most expert Chyrurgion, and the ordinary 
dissecter to the Colledge of Physitians at Monpelier. 1645 
Evetyn Diary, The theatre [at Padua] for anatomie .. 1s 
excellently contriv’d both for the dissector and spectators. 
1794 European Mag. XXV. 454 Mr. Jones, dissector to St. 
Bartholomews Hospital. 1819 7”. O. Lond. Direct. 305 Map- 
mounter and Dissecter. 1839 CartyLe Chartism vii. in 
Misc. (1872) VI. 153 A determined despiser and dissector of 
cant. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Swedenborg Wks (Bohn) 
I. 316 Unrivalled dissectors..had left nothing for scalpel 
or microscope to reveal in human or comparative anatomy. 

Dissees(e, obs. form of Dreckask, DISEASE. 


Disseise, disseize (dissiz), v. Forms: 4 


| disseyse(-ceyse, 4-5 desese), 5-6 dis-,dyssease, 


(5 dysease, 6 decess, disseaze, -eize), 6-7 dis- 
seyze, 6- disseise, disseize. [ME. a. AF. dis- 
setsir, = OF. dessaisir to dispossess, f. des-, Dis 4 + 
saisir to put (one) in possession, to take possession 
of, to Seize. In Pr. dessacir; med.L. dissasire, 
-sastre, -sasiare, also dissatstre, -seistre, -setstare 
from OF.: see SEIze.] 

1. “rans. Law. To put out of actual seisin or 
possession ; to dispossess (a person) of his estates, 
etc., usually wrongfully or by force; to oust. 


Const. of (+ from). Also reft. 

(r2x5 Mfagna Carta xxxix, Nullus liber homo capiatur 
vel imprisonetur aut disseisiatur [1217 ‘wserts (c. xxxv) de 
libero’tenemento suo vel libertatibus). .nisi, per legale judi- 
cium parium suorum, 1% Brirron u. xi. § 2 ui est 
proprement disseisi ai a tort est engetté de acun tenement, 

R, Brunne Chron. (1810) 250 Our kyng Sir Edwarc 

.. Disseised him self of alle, sald it to Sir Jon, Bot Jon his 
homage salle mak or he be gon. 1357 Lay Folks Catech. 252 
In case that we have. Dagan | and willfalli gert our euen 
cristen. .falsly be desesed of land or of lithe. ¢1450.S¢. Cuth- 
éert (Surtees) 7518 Of pair gudes falsly dissesid. Fapyan 
Chron, vi, cxlix. 136 He .. vexyd and dystour! vore the 
duke and lorde of that countrey .. lastly disceasyd hym of 
that lordeshyp. 1540 Act 32 //en. VI/T, ¢. 7.87 Tes. 
personnes .. be dysseased, Jelcved, wronged, or otherwyse 

ut from their lawfull inheritance. 16a8 /e/it. fo King in 

ushw, //ist. Coll. (1659) I. 589 By the Statute called, The 
great Charter of the Liberties of England, It is declared 
and enacted; That no Freeman may be taken or impri 
or be disseised of his Freeholds or Liberties, or his free 
Customs. 1641 [see Disse:sin 1}, 1818 Cruise Digest 
(ed. 2) I. 190 If a tenant in tail discontinues in fee, after- 
wards marries, disseises the discontinuee, and dies seised ; 
his wife shall not have dower, 1819 I. Miner A/ilner’s 
Hist, Ch. Christ (1824) 1V. 115 Wicliff asserted that tem- 
poral lords and patrons had a right to disseize the church 
of her 1 in case of misbehaviour 5 

2. transf. and fig. a. To dispossess, deprive, rob; 
to deliver, rid (of anything). 


per recog’ 


DISSEISIN. : 


c Cast. Love 1088 He ne from wo disseysed be. 
od er be declared how that 


1602 Carew Cornwad/ 22 a, The Foxe planteth his dwelling 
i cliffe .. as in a maner it falleth out a matter 


+b. To oust, expel. Obs, - 
May Lucan vu. 655 Through many wounds his life 
disseized, fled. Hosses i oo 444 They..With 


Hence Dissei‘sed Fo a., Dissei‘sing v0/. sb. 


Corer., Lg) regen ad tr. Machiavelli's 
Prince vii, (Rtldg. 1883) 50 All the disseized lords .. he put 
todeath. 1682 Eng. Elect. Sheriffs 18 If there be but the 
least flaw against them to the dis-seizing them 


of their Rights. 
ise, obs. form of DecEasg, DisEASE. 

1648 Symmons Vind. Chas. J, 98 The Honour of .. our 
disseised Queen, 

Disseisee, -zee (dissiz7). Law. Also 6 -i, 
-ie, -ye. [f. DIssEISE v. + -EE; but the earlier 
form in -ze represented OF. dessaisi pa. pple. ‘dis- 
seised’.] One who is disseised of his estate: cor- 
relative to D1SSEISOR. 

(1377 Act 1 Rich. 11, c. 9 Et eient desore les disseisiz lour 
recoverer vers les primers disseisours.] 1§40 Act 32 Hen. 
VIII, c. 33 The disseisye or suche other personnes as .. 
be thereby clerely excluded of their entre. 1574 tr. Little. 
ton's Tenures 63a, If the disseysi by his deede release al 
his righte .. to one of the disseisoures. West 2nd 
Pt. Symbol., Chancerie § 37 This release doth confirme his 
estate which the disseisee might else have defeated. 1602 
Futsecke 1st Pt. Paradd. 67 If the disseisie oute the dissei- 
sor with force. 17ax St. German's Doctor & Stud. 98 It is 
devised that the Disseissee shall release his right in the 
land. 1875 Poste Gaius 1v. § 162 Restitution of seisin to 
a disseisee. 

Disseisin, disseizin (dissi‘zin), sd. Forms: 
4 dysseysyne, 6 disseysin(e, -sceysen, -seissen, 
-sesin, -seison, -seizon, -season, dys-, 6-7 dis- 
seizen, 7 Sc. dissaisin), 6- disseisin, 8- dis- 
seizin. [a. AF. disse’sine=OF. dessatsine (11th 
c.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + satstne, seisine, SEISIN, SASINE, 
formal possession, deriv. of saésir to Seize. (In 
med.L. déssaisina, springer ys, 

1. Law. The act or fact of disseising ; privation 
of seisin; usually, the wrongful dis ion (by 
forcible entry or otherwise) of the lands, etc. of 
another: since 15thc. not used of movable goods, 
nor in cases in which the dispossessed person was 
tenant at will or tenant for years. 

(1167 Pipe Roll 12 Hen, 11,65 Dissaisina super assisam 
regis. © Barrron u. i. § + Homme a tort engitté ou 
patie a peysible ioun de soen fraunc tenement. 
Et cele violence est apelé disseisine et fresche force.) 1§11- 
12 Act 3 Hen. V/1/, c. 18 Preamb., Wrytte of entre uppon 
disseysen in the post before the Justices .. of his Comen 
Benche. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 57, Disseisin is 
properly where a man entreth into anye ; or tene- 
mentes where his entre is not leful, and putteth him out y* 
hath the franke tenement. 1641 Termes de la Ley 13 
Disseissin upon Disseisin is when the Disseisour is disscised 
by another. 1670 Buounr Law Dict., Disseisin is of two 
sorts, either Simple Disseisin, committed by day without 
force and arms, Or Disseisin by Force, for w! see De- 
forceor and Fresh Disseisin, 1767 Bua Comm. I. 
195 A disseisin ee | a deprivation of that actual seisin, or 
corporal freehold the lands, which the tenant ore 
enjoyed. 1861 F. Hatt in ¥rnl. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10 
The disseizor, and .. the abettor of disseizin. Poste 
Gaius w. Comm. (ed. 2) 631 It is certain that this inter- 
dict is not available for disseisin of movables. 1886-F. W. 
Marrianp in Law e Rev. Oct. 485 The rightful tenant can 
be disseised, though the lord be not privy to the disseisin. 
1889 J. lb. Ames in Harvard Law Kev. 111. 23 The word 
* disseisin’.. was rarely used with reference to personalty. 

b. Novel, new, fresh disseisin: disseisin of fresh 
or recent date. Assise of Novel Dissetsin: an 
ordinance of Henry II, establishing an action at 
law for the recovery of the seisin of land by one 
who had himself been recently dispossessed ; also 
the action thus established. 

[c 1250 Bracron 164 b, De beneficio principis succurritur ei 

iti isae novae disseisi multis vigiliis 


cyoomieate et inv ul ex 42 eS O Lig om 
ing. Gilds 361 wryt pat me pledeth in tee, by- 

astyems, fn chat baylyues of pe towne, bep empne 
wrytes of newe dysseysyne. [1383 Act 7 Rich. //, c. 10 
Item est ordei i Novele Dissei- 


sine soit desore grante & faite de rent aderiere.) 1§23 Frrz- 
HERB, Surv, xi. (1539) y ‘The kynges wrytte of assise of 
nouell disseison. 1609 Skene Keg. Alaj., Stat, Robert 1, 
22 He sall not tine nor amit his action or recoverance be 
the briefe of Novell dissaisin: sa lang as he pay es the 
ur leueand: or anie man committer of dissais- 
ing, or was p at the mitting t 
Law Dict., hich pry ~— a ee which 
a man ma’ to defeat of himself, his own power, 
without and which is not 


‘ 


DISSEISIN, 


turned out of possession, 1895 Pottock & Martianp /is¢, 
Eng. Law 1, 124 Henry .. issued an ordinance and insti- 
tuted a procedure: ordinance and procedure alike were 
known as the assize of novel disseisin. — 

+2. ¢ransf. and fig. Dispossession. Obs. 

1586 Ferne Blas. Gentrie 214 Ministers of the Gospell to 
whome the keys of right do apperteine (for the others did 
by dissesin and tort hold possession of them) may execute 
that authoritie of the keys with all feare and diligence. 1606 
Warner Ald, Eng. xiv. Ixxxvi. 355 Vutill the Picts .. Dis- 
seizen of the scottish Raigne within this Ile had made. 

+Dissei‘sin, v. Ods, [f. prec, sb.] ‘rans. 
= DISSEISE v. 

1548 Hat Chron., Hen, V (an. 8) 69b, We shal not dis- 
troble, disseason or letten our father aforesaid, but that he 
holde and possede as long as he liveth. .the croune and the 
dignitee royall of Fraunce. xr59r Syivester Du Bartas 1. 
ii. 974 Yet some (more crediting their eyes, then reason) 
From’s proper place this Essence doe disseysin. 1600 
Hottanp Livy xxvu. xxxi. 652 He [Philip] went to Dyma 
for to disseizen [ad e7iciendum] the garrison of the /Etolians, 
1607 Hieron Wks. I. 365 A man past al feare of being dis- 
seisined of his expected inheritance. 

Disseisor, -zor (dissi‘zo1, -7:1). Also 5-6 
-our(e, 5-er. [a. AF. dissedsour, = OF. *dessaiseur, 
f. dessatstr to DissEIsE. In med.L. dssazsztor, 
-setzttor, f. dissaistre, dissetstre, to disseise.] One 
who di , or dispo another of his lands, 
etc. ; a dispossessor. 

{1377 sce DisseEtsee.] 1483 Cath. Angi, 101/2 A Disseiser, 
disseisitor, 1540 Act 32 Hen. V1/T, c. 33 The diyng seased 
hereafter of any such disseasour. .shall not be..demed..any 
suche discent in the law. 1598 Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 
265 If the Tenant be disseised and the Disseisor dieth 
seised, the Lord there cannot distrain, 1603 Drayton Bar. 
Wars Bk. u. \vi, Entering now by force, thou hold’st by 
might, And art disseisor of another's right. 1660 Bonp 
Scut. Reg..5g The King can do no wrong; Therefore can- 
not bea disseisor. 1788 Burke Sf. agst. W. Hastings Wks. 
XV. 430 To call them disseizors, wrong doers, cheats, de- 
frauders of their own son. 1861 [see Disseisin sé. 1]. 1886 
F. W. Martcanp in Law Q. Rev. Oct. 485 The disseisor will 
be seised whether the lord like it or not. 

Disseisoress (dis7‘zorés), Also 7-9 disseis- 
eress. [f. prec. + -ESS. (The F. type would be 
dissatseresse.)| A female disseisor. 

1874 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 125 b, Yf the husbande and the 
wife were of covin or consent that the disseisine should bee 
made, than .. shee is a disseisouresse. 1641 Termes de la 
Ley 124 Shee shall bee adiudged in possession against the 
desseisee but as a disseiseresse, in respect of the deceit. 
1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. i. § 46 A feme Covert may be a 
disseiseres, 1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Disseisin, If he 
disseises another to her use, she is not a disseisoress, nor if 
the wife agrees to it during the coverture ; yet, if after his 
death she agrees to it, she is a disseisoress, 1883 A. J. 
Horwoop Year Bhs, 11-12 Edw, II, 264 One cannot say 
that Katherine was a disseiseress. 

+Dissei'sure, -zure. Os. [f. DISSEISE v. 
+ -URE: cf, seizurve.] The act of disseising ; dis- 
possession ; = DISSEISIN, 

1579 FutKe Confut. Sanders 685 The setting vp and wor- 
shipping of Images .. was ..a Disseisure of the true and 
spirituall worshippe of God. 16xx SpeEp Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. 
ix. 47 To take reuenge for the spoyles and disseisures, which 
his hired enemies had made in his lands. 17x8 Hicxes & 
Netson ¥. Kettlewed? ut. xi. 213 In Case of a Disseizure 
of the Right Owner, 

Disseit, obs. form of DEcErt. 


Dissel-boom (di's’ljb#m). S. Africa, [Du. 
(pron, di*sél,bém) =‘ the beam or pole of a vehicle’, 


‘f. dissel shaft+ oom beam, boom.] The pole of 


a wagon, 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Disselboont, the pole of a 
wagon in the Cape colony. 188r Fenn Of to Wilds xxix, 
The oxen were all secured to the dissel-boom and trek-tow. 
1887 Riper Haccarp ess viii, The tented cart, with its ., 
stout stinkwood dissel-boom. 

+ Disse'lf, v. Obs. nonce-wd, [f. D1s- 7 + SELF 
sb.] trans. To put (one) beside himself; to de- 
prive of self-consciousness, 

1606 Sy_vesteR Du Bartas 1. iv.1. Trophe?s 1116 Whence 
comes This shiuering winter that my soule benums, Freezes 
my Senses, and dis-selfs me so With drousie Poppie, not 
my self to knowe? 

isselie, obs. form of Dizziny. 

+ Disse-mbill, a. Sc. Obs. rare. [? corruption 
of F, deshabillé, or of a Sc. spelling of DisHEVEL 
a.) Undressed, unclothed. 

1470 Henry Wadlace 1x. 1917 That saw him bath dissem- 
bile and in weid. 

+ Disse‘mblable, a. Ods. [a. OF. dessem- 
blable (12th c.), in 14th c. dissemblable, f. dessembler 
to be unlike, DisseMBLE v.?, after sembladle like.] 
Unlike, dissimilar, various. 

1413 Pilgr, Sowde (Caxton 1483) 1. iv. 5 Moche merueylous 
lyghtI sawe of dissemblable maner. 1549 CHALONER Eras. 
on Folly N jb, How amongs theim selves to be dissemblable 

inter se dissimiles]. 1566 Drant Horace Sat, w. Cijb, 

issemblable to Sectans sorte [Sectani dissimilis]. 1589 
Purrennam Eng. Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 238 Dissemblable 
and in effect contrary. 1603 Florio Montaigne 1. xxxviii. 
(1632) 118 A man must imitate the vicious, or hate them .. 
to ible them is perilous, because they are many, and to 
hate many is lous, because they are dissemblable. 

Dissemblance! (disemblains). arch. [In 
sense I, ad. OF. dessemblance (12th c.), mod.F. dis- 
semblance unlikeness, f. dessembler, pr. pple. dessem- 
blant unlike: see prec. and -ANcE. In sense 2, a 
later modificationof DissimuLAnceg, after dissemble.] 

Vor, II, 


505 


1. Want of resemblance ; unlikeness ; difference ; 
dissimilarity. 

1463 Craft of Lovers xxi, Kepe wel true loue, forge no 
dissemblance [so 1 A/S. : 2 have resemblance). 1580 Norrit 
Plutarch (1676) 980 As touching other agreements and dis- 
semblances which may be noted. .in their life and behaviour 
[etc.]. 1658 Ossorne Adv. Son (V.) Nor can there be a 
greater dissemblance between one wise man and another. 
1883 I. ‘T'Ayvtor Adphabet 1, 100 The dissemblance of the 
hieroglyphic and Hieratic characters appears greater than 
it really is because in many cases they face in opposite 
directions. 1894 Forum (N.Y.) Nov. 317 To state the 
utter dissemblance between the Japanese and ourselves. 

2. The action of dissembling, dissimulation. 

1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. u.iv, Wks. 1856 I. 101 Thou 
that wants power, with dissemblance fight. 1633 P. FLercuer 
Purple Isl. vit. viii, Some touch-stone erring eyes to guide, 
And judge dissemblance. 1814 Soutnty Roderick xxiv, No 
time..is this for bravery As little for dissemblance. 1876 
I; Etuis Caesar in Egypt 18 Pothinus, in dissemblance deft, 
Bel 


nt low the knee. 
+Dissemblance?. Obs. rare. [a. OF. des- 


semblance, {. dessembler to separate : see DIssEM- 
BLE v.3] Departure, dispersion. 

1556 J. Hrywoon Spider & F. ii. 33 Swifter then the star 
doth seeme to glaunce That assemblaunce turneth to dis- 
semblaunce, 

+ Dissembla‘tion. Ods. Also 6 -acion, 5 dis- 
symbelatyon. By-form of Dissimunation, after 
dissemble. 

¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. vin. xi. 55 He saw pat he mycht 
noucht The ‘Town of were wyn .. Undyr dissymbelatyoun. 
1588 Hunspon in Border Papers I. (1894) 305 But it is all 
Steeles and that wee shall find if wee trust to 
them. 

+Disse‘mble, 5J. 00s. rare. [f. DisseMBLE 
v1] The act of dissembling, dissimulation. (In 
quot. personified.) 

¢1480 Crt. of Love 1191 Dissemble stood not fer from him 
in trouth, With party mantill, party hood and hose. 

Dissemble (dise'mb’l),v.1 Also 6 dissimble, 
Se, -sembill, dyssembul, -symble, 7 desemble. 
{app. a later form of DissIMULE v., through the 
intermediate stages a¢sstmill, disstmble, influenced 
perh. by resemble. (There is no corresponding 
form in F.: cf, the next two words.)] 

1. trans. To alter or disguise the semblance of 
(one’s character, a feeling, design, or action) so as 
to conceal, or deceive as to, its real nature ; to give 
a false or feigned semblance to; to cloak or dis- 
guise by a feigned appearance. 

1513 More Rich, II, Wks. 65 Some .. not able to dis- 
semble their sorrow, were fayne at his backe to turne 
their face tothe wall. 1552 Bh. Com. Prayer, Morn. Pr., Vhat 
we shoulde not dissemble nor cloke them [our sins] before 
the face of Almighty God. 1665 Maney Grotius’ Low 
C. Warres 715 Among the Bodies .. was found a Woman, 
who had dissembled her Sex, both in courage and a 
military Habit. 1709 Zatler No. 32 » 4 With an Air of 
great Distance, mixed with a certain Indifference, by which 
he could dissemble Dissimulation. 1781 Gipson Decé. & 
FI. xlvi. 723 He dissembled his perfidious designs. 18. 
Prescotr Peru Il. 20 He was well pleased with the em- 
bassy, and dissembled his consciousness of its real purpose. 
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. (Bohn) IL. 385 
How many furtive inclinations avowed by the eye, though 
dissembled by the lips ! 

+2. To disguise. Obs. 

1508 DunBar Tua mariit Wemen 254, I wes dissymblit sut- 
telly in a sanctis liknes, x More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 
283/1 Though he dissembled himselfe to bee a Lutherane 
whyle he was here, yete as sone as he gate him hence, he 
gate him to Luther strayght. 160r Suaxs. 7'wel. N.1v. ii. 4 
lle put it on, and I will dissemble my selfe in't; and I would 
I were the first that euer dissembled in such a gowne. 1665 
J. Spencer Vulg. Prophecies 21 Their deformity appeared 
through the finest colors he could dissemble it with. 1697 
Drypen neid xi. 340 Dissembling her immortal form, 
she [Juturna] took Camertus meen. 

8. To pretend not to see or notice ; to pass over, 
neglect, ignore. 

¢ 1500 [see DissemBLinG vd/. sd.]. ¢1558 HarpsFIELD 
Divorce Hen. V1II (1878) 233, I will not urge..the Pope’s 
. authority. .I will dissemble that excellency. 1568 GRAFTON 
Chron. II. 823 Wherfore he determined to dissemble [Hatt 
dissimule] the matter as though he knew nothing. 1879 
Lyty Zuphues (Arb.) 150 Some lyght faults lette them dis- 
semble, as though they knew them not, and seeing them let 
them not seeme to see them. 1692 Ray Dissol. World m1. 
viii. (1732) 395, I must not dissemble a great Difficulty. 
170x WALLIs 24 Sept. in Pepys A7em., It hath been too late 
to dissemble my being an old man. 1703 Rowe Ulysses 1, 
i. 75 Learn to dissemble Wrongs. 176r Hume Hist. Eng. 
IL. xlii, 451 Philip .. seemed to dissemble the daily insults 
and injuries which he received from the English. 

b. with clause: To shut one’s eyes to the fact. 

1554 Rivtey Lord's Supper Wks. 4x It is neither to be 
denied, nor dissembled that..there be diuerse points where- 
in men .. canne not agree. 1612 Biste 7'rans/. Pref. 11 It 
cannot be dissembled, that..it hath pleased God [etc.]. 
1692 Ray Dissol, World u. ii. (1732) 107, I must not dis- 
semble or deny, that in the Summer-time the Vapours do 
ascend, @183x A. Knox Rev, (1844) I. 54 It cannot be dis- 
sembled, that .. the House of Commons seems to feel no 
other principle than that of vulgar policy. 187: Morty 
Voltaire (1886) 8 No attempt is made in these pages to dis« 
semble in how much he was condemnable. 

¢c. intr. const. with. 

1533 Fritu Wks. (1573) 51 These holy doctours. .thought 
it not best .. to condemne all thinges indifferently: but to 
suffer and dissemble wyth the lesse. . 

4, absol. or intr. To conceal one’s intentions, 


DISSEMBLING. 


opinions, etc, under a feigned guise; ‘to use false 
professions, to play the hypocrite’ (J.). 

1523 Lp. Berners /7oi/ss. I. clxxx. 216 Therfore the duke 
dissembled for the pleasur of the prouost. 1535 CoveRDALE 
1 Mace. xi. 53 He dyssembled in all that euer he spake. 
1596 SHaks 7am, Shr. ut. i. 9 Tel Whom thou lou’st best : 
see thou dissemble not. 1671 Mitton /’. A. 1. 467 The 
subtle fiend..Dissembled, and this answer smooth return'd. 
1713 Apvison Cato 1. ii, 1 must dissemble, And speak a 
languaze foreign to my heart. 1852 Loner, Warden Cingue 
Ports xi, He did not pause to parley nor dissemble. 

b. const. w2th: To use dissimulation with. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 142, I dissemble not 
with you... for you shall finde it and prove it to be true. 
1667 Poor Dial. betw. Protest. §& Papist (1735) 83, I will 
not dissemble with you, they do not. 1718 /reethinker 
No. 75 » 3 He who dissembles with, or betrays, one Man, 
would betray every Man, 1829 SoutHEy Add for Love vi, 


Dissemble not with me thus. 
+5. trans. To put on a feigned or false appear- 
ance of; to feign, pretend, simulate. Ods. 


ve forme. 1791 Boswett Yohnson 
an, 1752 To suppose that Johnson's fondness for her was 
dissembled. 

+ b. with inf, or clause. Ods. 

1654 R. Coprincton tr. ist. Justine 60 The King dis- 
sembled that his Coat of Mayl was not fit for him. 1813 
T. Buspy tr. Lucretius 1.913 Fancy .. Lost friends, past 


| joys, dissembleth to restore, 
Joys, 


te. To feign or pretend (some one) fo be some- 
thing. Also with ellipsis of the inf., or of both 
object and inf. Ods. 

1634 Foro P, Warbeck 1. i, Charles of France. . Dissembled 
him the lawful heir of England. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist, 
i. vii: § 1g John Scott dissembled himself an English-man. 
1660 I, Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 176 Esteemed a Jew 
though he dissembled the Christian. /ézc. 246 Moores who 
dissembled Christians. 

+d. fg. To simulate by imitation. Ods. 
1697 Drvpen 42xneid vi. 880, ‘The gold dissembl'd well 


their yellow hair. 
+ Dissemble, v.2 Os. rare. [a. OF. dessem- 


bler, dissembler to be unlike, f. des-, Dis- 4 + 
sembler to be like, to seem: the opposite of 7es- 
sembler to resemble. Cf. DISSEMBLANCEL I, -ABLE.] 
trans. To be unlike, to differ from, resemble not. 

1586 T.B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 183 His end 
dissembled not his life. For, being hated of all and sought 
for to be slaine, he [Nero] killed himselfe. 

+ Disse‘mble, v.° Obs. rare. [ad. OF. des- 
sembler to separate, f. des-, Dis- 4 + stem of as-sem- 
bler to ASSEMBLE.] 7z2¢tr. To separate, disperse ; 
= DISASSEMBLE. 

159r Horsey 7vav. (Hakl. Soc.) 177 The chieff bishops.. 
assembled and disembled often tymes together, much per- 
plexed and devided. 

Dissembled (disemb’ld), A4/.a, [f. Dissem- 
BLE v.1 + -ED !.] 

1. Feigned, pretended, counterfeit. 

1539 TonstaLt Serm, Palm Sund. (1823) 21 Leste he 
fall from his feyned & dissembled height. 1552 HuLoet, 
Dissembled or fayned frend, dissimulator .. fictitius amt- 
cus. 1697 Dryven Virg. Eclog. wv. 51 Nor Wool shall in 
dissembled Colours shine. 1805 SoutHey AZadoc in At. ii, 
He .. strove Beneath dissembled anger to conceal Visible 
grief. ; e 

+2. Disguised. Ods. 

1631 Celestina 11. 130 Melibea is but a dissembled Angell, 
that lives heere amongst us. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. 
Med. 1. § 53 Crosses, afflictions .. have ever proved, the 
secret and dissembled favours of His affection. 

Dissembler (dise‘mbloz). [f. as prec. + -ER 1.] 
One who dissembles; one who conceals his real 
purposes under a false appearance ; one who prac- 
tises duplicity ; a deceiver, hypocrite. 

1526 Piler. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 253 b, They iudged*hym 
adissembler and an ypocryte. 1592 SHaks. Row. §& Ful. ut. 
ii. 87 All periur’d, all forsworne, all naught, all dissemblers. 
1649 Mitton Eikon, 11 A deep dissembler, not of his affec- 
tions only, but of Religion. 1667 — P. L. 111. 681 So spake 
the false dissembler unperceiv’d; For neither Man nor Angel 
can discern Hypocrisie. 174 Ricuarpson Pame/a I. 163, 
I must put on the Dissembler a little, I see. 1864 Pusey 
Lect. Daniel iii. 152 He was a thorough dissembler, able 
to hide his purpose and skilful to execute it. 

Disse‘mbling, vé/. si. [f. as prec. +-1NG 1,] 
The action of the verb DISSEMBLE ; dissimulation. 

¢ 1500 Lancelot 1950 Al.. ther gilt he knowith .. and 3hit 
he hyme with-drowith Them fo repref ,. And this it is wich 
that dissemblyng hot. 1553 GrimaLpe Cicero's Offices 1. xv, 
False pretending and also dissembling [séulatio et dis- 
simulatio). 1§55 LATIMER in Strype Eccl, Mem. 111. App. 
xxxvi. ro2 Suche men had nede to take hede of their de- 
semblings and clokings. 1643 Mitton Divorce u. viii, The 
perpetuall dissembling of offence. 1701 Rowe Amd, Step- 
moth, 11. i. 468 Flattery, the meanest kind of base dissem- 
bling. 1862 Goutsurn Pers. Relig. 1. iii. (1873) 273 Wilful 
dissembling of a generous emotion is the way to suppress it. 

Dissembling, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That dissembles ; deceiving; hypocritical. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 299 b, Y¢ most vnkynde 

Stissembl ge disciple Iudas. 1535 CoveRDALE Prov. x. 
18 Dissemblynge pes kepe hatred secretly, 1590 SHaks. 
Mids. N. u. ii. 98 t wicked and dissembling glasse of 
mine, Made me compare with Hermias sphery a 1707 


DISSEMBLINGLY. 


Curios. in Hush. § Gard. 117 Double-hearted, di 
trickish .. Men. bes. Fes paed Mission H. Ghost ii. 52 
A cunning and dissem ing Countenance. 

Dissemblingly (dise‘mblinli), adv. [f. prec. 
+-LY %.)_ Ina dissembling manner ; in a way that 
disguises one’s real character or pu ; 

1546 Bate Exg. Votaries n. (1550) 50b Thys Gualtherus- 
colourably or dyssemblyngly reconcyled both Anselme and 
the Pope vnto hym, only to serue the tyme. 1586 T. B. 
La Primand. Fr. Acad. (1589) 574 They obey not dissem- 
blinglie, but of a free and willing minde. 1654 WuitLock 
Zootomia Pref. Avijb, I should own that which man 
Writers dissemblingly decline. 1857 Cham. Frni. V111. 
200, I must quietly, dissemblingly, await the solution, 


+ Disse‘mbly !. Oés. [f. DisseMBLE v.!: cf. 
next.] Dissembling, dissimulation. 

¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) II. 198 Ther is 
no deceyt more depe and secrete than that which lurketh in 
the dissembly of understanding, or under soome colour of 
curtesy. 1588 ALLEN Admon. 21 [Elizabeth] dallied and 
abused by dissembly almost all the great personages of 
Europe, to whom. .she proffered herself. 

Disse‘mbly 2. vonce-wd. [f. DIssemBie 7.3, 
after assembly.} The separation of an assembly. 

1887 Sat. Rev. 10 Sept. 340 The hurried assembly and 
more hurried dissembly of some stolen meetings. 

® It occurs in 16-17th c. as a perversion of assembly. 

1599 Suaks. Much Ado w. ii. 1 Is our whole dissembly 
appeard? 1684 Baxter Twelve Argts. § 16. 27 Their usual 
Titles were, the Priestbyters, the Drivines, the Sinners of 
Westminster, the Dissembly men. 

Disseminate disemine't),v. [f. L. dssém- 
nat- ppl. stem of dissémindre to spread abroad, 
disseminate, f. Dis- 1 + sémen, sémin- seed; cf. F. 
disséminer (14th c. in Littré).] 

1. trans. lit. To scatter abroad, as in sowing 
seed ; to spread here and there ; to disperse (things) 
so as to deposit them in all parts. 

1603 Hoan Plutarch's Mor. 1309 [Isis] applieth herselfe 
to engender the same, yea and to disseminate and sowe the 
..Similitudes thereof. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Disseminate, 
to sow here and there, to spread abroad. 1665 Hooke 
Aicrogr. 68 The tinging substance does consist of. . particles 
.. which are disseminated, or dispers'd all over the other. 
1791 Boswe. Yohnson an. 1750 (1848) 67/2 Considering how 
universally those volumes are now disseminated. 1830-75 
Lyewt Princ. Geol, 1.11. xix. 483 The action of tides and cur- 
rents in disseminating sediment. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. 
iii. (1873) 50 The mistletoe is disseminated by birds. 

b. To cause to ramify ; to distribute, Ods. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 17 The liquours that circulate 
through the pipes and vessels disseminated through those 
parts. 1668 Cucrerper & Coir Barthol. Anat. mi. iii, 328 
Seven pair of Nerves..disseminated into the whole outward 
Head. 

ce. In pa. pple. and passive, used of diffused 
situation, without implying the action: cf. D1s- 
PERSE 2. 


WNt 


1677 Grew Anat. Seeds ww. iii. § 7 (1682) 201 In the Upper | 


Coat, the Seed-vessels are disseminated. 1796 Kirwan Elem. 
Min. (ed. 2) IJ. 291 Grey ore of manganese .. occurs mas- 
sive, disseminated, in nests or rifts. 1841 Trimmer /’ract. 
Geol. 73 A mineral which occurs in pieces not exceeding the 
size dex hazel-nut, imbedded or incorporated in another 
mineral, is said to be disseminated. 1869 Pouchef's Universe 
(1871) 16 The pantheists supposed life to be disseminated 
through all the interstices in poorly 

2. jig. To spread abroad, diffuse, promulgate 
(opinions, statements, knowledge, etc.). 

1643 Six T. Browne Relig. Med, 1. § 23 This [the Bible] 
without a blow hath disseminated it selfe through the whole 
earth. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals. 1. 13 ‘Yo hear that 
Beast of a Priest disseminate such Doctrine. ed Br. 
Watson Afol. Bible 2'The zeal with which you labour to 
disseminate your opinions. 1802 Mar. Encewortu Moral 
T. (1816) I. xiii. 108 Disseminating knowledge over the 
universe. 1843 J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 58 He dis- 
seminated the principles of peace. 

3. intr. (for refl.) To diffuse itself, spread. rare. 

1803 A/an in Moon (1804) No. 3. 23 The :. discipline and 
professional courage that daria disseminate through the 
volunteer ranks, 

Wynce Disseminated ///. a. 

1 Sriuncrt. Orig. Sacr. ui. ii. §17 Neither can I see 
how a disseminated vacuity can solve the difficulty. 1742 
Youne Mt. TA, vi. 180 The least Of these disseminated orbs, 
how great! 1886 A. Wincne.t Geol. Field 295 To trace the 
train of events back to a disseminated cosmical dust, 

Dissemination (dise:minéi‘fon). [a. L. dis- 
séminalion-em, n. of action f. diss?minare to Dis- 
SEMINATE ; cf, mod.F. déssémination.] The action 
of scattering or spreading abroad , or anything 
likened to it; the fact or condition of being thus 
diffused ; dispersion, diffusion, promulgation. 

1646 Sir 'T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. ii. 7 We..being now at 

test distance from the beginning of errour, are almost 
t in its dissemination, whose wayes are boundlesse. 1759 
B. Srivuincri. Misc. Tracts (1775) 63 The di ion of 


506 
Disseminator (dise-mincita:). [a. L. dissz- 


mindator, agent-noun from dissémindre to DissE- 
MINATE.] One who or that which disseminates ; 
one that spreads abroad or distributes seed or 
anything intended to be generally received. 

1667 Decay Chr. Piety (J.), The disseminators of novel 
doctrines. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World 11. 337 The 
pigeon. .is the same. .as the di i of the true z 
at the Spice Islands. 1826 E. Irvine Baéy/on 11. 391 Dis- 
seminators of the plague. 1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) 1. 359 
‘The disseminators of this tale are the accusers whom I dread. 

mee, var. of DescensE Oés. 

+ Disse’nse, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7 +SENnsE 
sb.] trans. To deprive of sensation. 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars m. vi, She a Potion made.. 
That .. could .. quite dissense the Senses in an houre. 


Dissension (disenfon). Forms: 4 dissen- 
siun, 5 -sion; also 4-6 disc-, dys-, des-, 4-5 
-ciun, -cioun, 4-6 -cion, 5-9 -tion. [a. F. dzs- 
sension (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), also discencion, 
etc., ad. L. dissension-em disagreement, n. of action 
from dissentire, ppl. stem dzssens-; see DISSENT. 
Formerly, very Requestly dissention (cf. dissent, 
contention), whence DISSENTIOUS.] 

1. Disagreement in opinion ; es. such disagree- 
ment as produces strife or contention ; discord ; an 
instance of this, a violent disagreement or quarrel 
arising from difference of opinion. 

1300 Cursor M, 22221 (Cott.) Bot if dissenciun bi-tide.. 


| pat es bot if discord and strijf, Ouer all pis werld be runnun 


rijf. /brd. 22238 (Gott.) First sal be dissensiun, er ante-crist 
sal cum in land. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 48 Bot enwy.. 
Amang thaim maid discencioun. 1382 Wycuir Acts xv. 39 
Forsoth dissencioun is maad, so that thei departiden atwyny. 
1484 Caxton Fadles of AE sop m. xiii, Of the sheep whiche 
had werre and descencion with the wolues. 1526 Tinpace 
1 Cor. iii. 3 There is amonge you envyinge, stryfe and dis- 


| sencion. 1607 WaLkincton Oft. Glass x. (1664) 112 ‘The 


procurer of a Civil Mutiny and Dissention. 1667 Miron 
P. L. xi. 352 But first among the Priests dissension springs. 
I Rosertson //ist. Amer. (1778) 1. ut. 131 He fomented 
the spirit of dissention in the island. 1876 J. H. Newman 
Hist. Sk. WW. 1. ii. 31 There were dissensions .. existing 
within the Church, as well as without. 

+b. Phr.: J, upon, at dissension, Obs. 

1393 Gower Conf. Prol. I. 30 Vpon dissencion Thei felle, 
Bo diuision. © /did. 1. 304 Ovide .. Maketh .. mencion 
How they felle at dissencion. 1421 Sir Hucu Lutreece in 
Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1, 85 The two Remes that .. han 
ben in discention. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 254 
They are at .. great dissention with the Arabians. tr. 
Scudery's Curia Pol. 7 Would they that I should .. be at 


| dissention with my own sonne? 


+2. Aled. Physical disturbance producing ail- 
ment. Oés. 

1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav. 1. 1x.70 Difficultie of Urine 
maie also be caused of..dissention of the head. 1656 
Rinctey Pract. Physick 232 It differs from obstruction be- 
cause here is no great dissention, itis without pain or Feaver, 
1725 Brapiey Fam, Dict. s.v. Worms, Worms cause several 
accidents. .as a dissention, wringings with a rumbling in the 
belly. 

t 5. Disagreement in matters of religious belief 
and observance; = Dissent sé. 3. Obs. 

1708 Swirt Sent. Ch. Eng. Man Wks. ed. 1755 II. 1. 59 
What assurances can they [the clergy] have, that any com- 
pliances they shall make, will remove the evil of dissention ? 
1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. 1. vi. 238 In the Pagan World 
a tolerated Religion did not imply Dissention from the 
established, according to our modern ideas of Toleration. 
1807 R. A. INGRAM (ti¢Ze), Causes of the Increase of Method- 
ism and Dissention. 

4. attrib. 

1611 Corar., Sursemeur de noises, a. .dissention-sower. 

Dissensious : see DISSENTIOUS. 

[Dissensse, disensse, a freq. error, scribal or 
typographical, for déscusse, Discuss.] 

isse’nsualize, v. rare. Gara 6.) trans. 
To free from sensual 5 vers or elements, 

1854 Lowett ¥rni. in [taly Prose Wks. 1 I. 174 We 
had our table so placed that the satisfaction of our hunger 
might be dissensualized by the view from the windows, 

Dissent (dise‘nt), v. Also 5-6 dyss-, 6 dyse-, 
6-7 dise-. [ad. L. dissent-ire to differ in senti- 
ment, dissent, f. D1s- 1 + sentire to feel, think ; cf. 
F. dissentir (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. intr. To withhold assent or consent from a 
proposal, etc. ; not to assent; to disagree with or 
object to an action. Const. Y ses + to. 

c1425 Wyntoun Cron, v1. i. 36 Fra pis he dyssentyd hale. 
¢1430 Lypa. Min, Poems (1840) 44 (Matz.) Dame July must 

es haf hir wille, If I dissente, and if I make affray, I have 
the wers, 1565 ‘T. Ranporrn in Ellis Orig. Let#. Ser. 1. II. 
199 Whear unto some among the Lords dyscented. 
Lurrrect Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 146 Some lords entred their 


seeds, after they come to maturity. 1794 SuLtivan View 
Nat. I. 185 All these facts manifest the general dissemina- 
tion of the principle of fire. 1829 I. TayLor Lnthus. x. 294 
The extensive dissemination of the Scriptures. 1869 Echo 
6 Apr., The courage of the missionaries in the di 

of religious truth. i 4 Cooke Fungi 120 Forms of spores 
may be illustrated with their modes of dissemination. 


Disse‘minative, a. rave. [f.as Disseminate 
v. + -IVE.] Having the quality of disseminating, 
or of being disseminated. 

1660 Jr, Taytor Duct. Dubit, w. i. rule § $18 The 


effect of heresy is like the plag' pus ani 
ative, 


for dissenting to the order. 1765 BLacksTONE Come, 
I. 105 The earls of Derby, as lords of Man, had maintained 
. authority. .by assenting or dissenting to laws. 1827 Jar- 
MAN Powell's Devises 11. 293 Where a trustee refuses either 
to assent or dissent, the Court will itself exercise his authority. 
1830 D'Isrartt Chas. 7, III. ix, 207 Those who openly dis- 
sented from the acts which the King had carried through the 
Parliament. 7 

2. To think differently, disagree, differ from, 
tu (an opinion), from, + with (a person). 

ay INDALE Doctr. Treat. (1848) 367 Where the first 
say ‘bread and wine cannot be the very body and blood of 
Christ’; there they vary and dissent from them. a@ 1555 
Cranmer Wks, 1. 47 érein the popish priests dissent 


DISSENT. 


from the manifest word of God.’ 1965 Sin W. Ceci in Ellis 


Orig. Lett. Ser. u. Il. 301 The Quenes Majesty will 

that shall dis 1646 GaULE 
Select Comet 96 Hereupon it hath been somewhat dissented. 
1654 Trapp Comm. 
teasty, that 


dox church. 

€1553 Punror Exam. & Writ. (1842 Our adversary 
saith we dissent from the church. Wit Sc church sayest 
thou that we dissent? 1597 Hooker Zccl. Pol. v. i. § 
Every man ought to embrace the religion which is true, 
to shun, as hurtful, whatsoever dissenteth from it, but that 
most, which doth furthest dissent. Hosses Govt. & Soc. 
xvii. § 26. 330 Those that came to Christianity .. were not 
received into the Church without Baptisme ; and those that 
dissented from the Church were depriv'’d of the Churches 
Communion. 1 Hates Brevis Disguisitio in Phenix 
(1708) II. 341 The whole Discipline of Manners is lected 
. Only to dissent is counted a capital Crime. ey a 
Let. to Sir H. Langrishe Wks. V1. 323 If mere dissent 
from the church of Rome be a merit, he that dissents the 
most perfectly is the most meritorious. In many points we 
hold strongly with that church. He that dissents through- 
out with that church will dissent with the church of Eng- 
land. 1808 Syp. Smirn Wes. (1867) I. 98 The Methodists 
have hitherto been accused of dissenting from the Church 
of England. : 

+c. ellipt. To differ as to, or from. Ods. 

@ 1619 Fotuersy A theom. 1, iii. § 2 (1622) 17 Though they 
doe dissent, what a God they ought to haue, yet they fully 
doe consent, that a God they ought to haue. a1662 5: amg 
Hist. Presbyt. i. § 29 The greater wonder ,. that .. they 
should so visibly dissent him in the point of the Sabbath. 

+3. To be at dissension or variance; to A 

1538 Bate God's Promises 1. in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 289 They 
shall hereafter dissent; His seed with her seed shall never 
have agreement. 1602 Futsecke Pandectes 37 Nowe they 
did discent by warre. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 584 
Even the best Apostles dissented ; neither knowledge, nor 
holynesse can redresse all differences. 1743 Fietpine ¥. 
Wild u. vi, I am ashamed to see men .. so foolish! 
weakly dissenting among themselves. 

+4. To differ in sense, meaning, or purport; also, 
in more general sense, to differ in nature, form, or 
other respect. Ods. 

1539 Taverner Evasm. Prov. 5 A certayne saunt 
fable. .not much dissentynge from this purpose. 1 Brace 
Transl. Pref. 8 The tr tion of the S ie di: h 
from the Originall in many places, Sie ‘T. Herserr 
Trav. 192 ‘The people differ not in colour nor condition, 
from the other .. but their Fune dissent from the rest. 
1659 Stantey Hist. Philos. xu. (1701) 489/2 A God, whose 
Figure doth dissent From Men. 

Dissent (disent), sd. Also 7 desent. tt prec.] 

1. Difference of opinion or sentiment; disagree- 
ment ; + dissension, quarrel (0ds.). 

1596 Srenser /. Q. v. iv. 6 Artegall.. Did stay awhile their 
greedy bickerment, Till he questioned the cause of 
their dissent. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 202, I finde no 


dissent betweene an ies touching this 

H. VauGuan Silex y Amis 156 As om Seep kate 
dissent. . betwixt high winds and thee Were still alive. 178x 
Cowrer Convers. 97 Not that all freedom of dissent I blame 
.. A disputable point is no man's ground. 1867 CaRtyLe 
Remin.({1881) 1. 183 Cavaignac, accepting kindly my innu- 
merable dissents from him, ; 

2. Disagreement with a proposal or resolution ; 
the goed of consent. 

1651 N. Bacon Disc, Govt. Eng. 1. xxix. (1739) 134 Nor 
can he interpose his Dissent ; nor do they care for 
his gy mole 7 Pars Diary po Nov., The opposite 
Lords. .desii tl might enter r dissents, 1 < 

He and three Heads 


Locan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem, X. 


ae peered Penihs Deoiaee Th: apg Tha caus ot Beall 
arman Powell's ises 11, 293 onus 0! 
wou! ie 


be on the complaining Ey.) shew reasons 
dissent. 1878 Mortey Crit, Misc., Vanvenargues 3 Apart 
from formal and specific dissents like these. 

3. spec. Difference of opinion in regard to religious 
doctrine or worship. 

1585 Apr. Sanpys Sevwt. v. § 3. Where dissent in reli 
is, there can hardly be consent in loue. Diuersitie of Re- 
ligion sundered the Jewe and Gentile. 1676 Marvewt Gen. 
Councils Wks. 1875 1V. 151 He should not wonder at the 
dissent# in the istian religion, which were ; 
1677 Barrow Pope's Suprem. (7687) 150 One Bi ex- 
cluding another from communion for dissent in opinion about 
disputable points. a@1742 BentLey Serm. Gs hat could 
bea fo al irene in C. (1851) L. 5 

eves Friends in C, (1851) I. 25 
cw nea =a less dangerous and on respectable 
ber 9 _- The pra tical ion of disagreement 
. esp. practical expression ©: 
with the form of religious worship which prevails 
or is authoritatively established in any country ; non- 
conformity. Particularly applied to non-conformity 
with the established chur of England and Scot- 
land, within the pale - the Reformed Churches. 
Bi Sp. Acts iform., Dissent, not satisfied 

with? leratio hen > dines but ambition. iy Pome 
Cyct. 1X. 22/1 The origin of Protestant the 
church of England is usually traced back to the year 1 
1840 Macautay Ranke Ess, (1854) 557/t In this way 


DISSENTANEOUS. 


of Rome unites in herself all the strength of estab- 


Church I 
lishment and all the strength of dissent. @1862 Buck.e - 


Misc. Wks. (1872) 1. 577 In Scotland dissent assumed a very 
different .. character than in England. 1873 H. Spencer 
Stud. Sociol. ix. 238 The open expression of difference .. 
to that which is authoritatively established, constitutes 


Dissent. * : . 4 
e. Put for: The dissenting or nonconformist 
section of the community. 

1792 Burke Let. to Sir H, Langrishe Wks. 1842 1. 54 
Protestant dissent was one,of the quarters from whic 
danger was apprehended, x Macautay Hist. Eng. ix. 
(L.), On this occasion the whole strength of dissent was put 
forth: . with the whole strength of the establishment. 

+4. Want of agreement or harmony; difference 
of sense, character, nature, meaning, quality, etc. 

1603 Fiorito Montaigne ut. ix. (1632) 537 The dissent or 
disparitie in the present manners of our state. 1611 SreED 
Vheat. Gt. Brit. xii. (1614) 81 [We] may attribute this unto 
a.. hidden dissent betwixt this soile and these geese, as the 
like is betweene wolves and the squilla roots. @ 1626 Bacon 
(J.), Where the menstrua are the same, and yet the incor- 


eomge followeth not, the dissent is in the metals. 1626 
ACON Sylva § 255 margin, Experiments .. touching the 
Corisent and Dissent between Visibles and Audibles. 1638 


Sir‘. Hersert 7'raz. (ed. 2) 330 The Mace in few dayes 
..becom’s tawny and unlike her former braverie: yet in 
that dissent, best pleases. 

Dissent, obs. form of DEscrent. 

Dissentaneous (disentéi-nzas), a. [f. L. dé’s- 
seniane-us disagreeing, contrary (f. déssentire to 
Dissent) + -0US.] Disagreeing, discordant ; out 
of harmony; not in agreement, at variance wth ; 
contrary Zo. 

1623 T. Scot /Tighw. God 47 It is easier to see flat contra- 
dictions and oppositions, then things only diuerse or dis- 
sentaneous, 1660 J. Luoyp Prim. /pisc. Pref. 2 Unprofit- 
able or dissentaneous to the edification and peace of the 
Church. 1674 R, Govrrey /7. §& Ad. Physic Pref., I knew 
I had wrote nothing dissentaneous with Truth. 1702 W. J. 
Bruyn's Voy. Levant xii. 55 Several other Fancies that they 
have, so dissentaneous to right Reason. 1876 M. Cottins 
Midnight to Midn, ii. 27 A young genticnien of high cheek 
bones, dissentaneous eyes. .calfless legs. ae 

Hence Dissenta‘neousness, (liversity of opinion. 

1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. (1834) 261 Who believed that 
God was best pleased with diversity of religions .. dissen- 
taneousness of faith. 1727 Battery vol. II., Dissentaneous- 
ness, disagreeableness, 

[ad. L. dis- 


+ Dissentany, «. and sb. Olds. 
sentdne-us : see prec. 

A. adj, =DISSENTANEOUS. 

1586 Bricut Melanch, xii. 55 The consideration of the 
whol sort of dissentanie, and disagreeing things. 1645 
Mutton Yetrach, (1851) 254 The parts are not, discrete, or 
dissentanie. 1654 L. Coxe Logick (1657) 147 Dissentany con- 
secution, is, when from the truth of the one of the opposites 
is understood the falshood of the other; and contrary. 

B. sb. (See quots.) 

1656 S. H. Gold. Law 81 The distinct Bodies of Parliament 
and People make one Body of Dissentanies or things diverse. 
1657 Tomuinson Renon’s Disp. 8 He opposes one contrary 
to another and one dissentany to another. 


+ Dissenta‘tion. 0ds. [irreg. f. Dissent z. 
+ -ATION.] Difference of opinion, dissension. 

1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. u. ii, To leave their 
jars, Their strifes, dissentations, and all civil warres. 1623 
Cockeram U1, Difference, discrepancy, dissentation. 

Dissenter (dise‘ntoz). Also 7 -or, -our. [f. 
DIssENT v. + -ER1,] 

1. One who dissents in any matter: one who dis- 
agrees with any opinion, resolution, or proposal ; 
a dissentient. 

1647 CLarenvon //is/. Reb. 1. § 74 If the Question had 
been presently put, it was believed the number of the dis- 
senters would not have appeared great. 1651 Hoses Govt. 
& Soe. vi. § 2. 87 If any one will not consent .. the City re- 
taines its primitive Right against the Dissentour, that is the 
Right of War, as against an Enemy. 1717 Pore Let. to 
Lady M, W. Montagu June, There is nothing like a coali- 
tion but at the masquerade ; however, the Princess is a dis- 
senter from it. 1728 Morcan A /giers II. i. 211 Some think 
fit to be Dissenters; assuring us that Czsaria stood else- 
where. 1869 Swinsurne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 213 Mr. Arnold, 
with whose clear and critical spirit it is always good to come 
in contact, as disciple or as dissenter. 1875 Grote Plato 
Pref. 7 These dissenters from the public will be more or less 
dissenters from each other. <ily ‘ 

2. One who dissents in matters of religious belief 
and worship: a. in the general sense. 

1639 Lp. G. Dicsy Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 88 The dis- 
sentors may well have bin over-born or ~t rest. 1644 in 
Thomasson Tracts (Br. Mus.) CLXXXVI i No. 5. 36 By 
tion I understand an agreement of dissenters 


accomm( 


with the rest of the Church in practical conclusions. 1649 
Owen Disc. Toleration Wks. 1855 VIII. 193 The present 


differences which are between those dissenters who are 
known by the names of Presbyterians and Independents .. 
Neither party .. dare avow the manner of worship by their 
dissenters embraced to be, as such, rejected by the Lord. 
1678 DrvpEn Adi for Love Ded., Its discipline is. .so easy, 
that it allows more freedom to dissenters than any of the 
sects would allow it. 1709 Stryre Ann. Ref. 1. xlii. 468 The 
application of the two leading dissenters here [Sampson, 

an of Ch, Ch., and Humfrey, Pres. of Magd. Coll., who 
refused to wear the Vestments] to those two eminent divines 
of the Church of Zurick. 3 

b. One who dissents and separates himself from 
any specified church or religious communion, especi- 
ally from that which is historically the national 
church, or is in some way treated as such, or re- 


garded as the orthodox body. 


507 


1663 Flagelium ; or O. Cromwell (ed, 2) 14 [Cromwell] began 
..at last to appear a publique Dissenter from the Discipline 
of the Church of Ragland: 1673 in /ssex a pee (Camden) 
I. 124 Complaints from some of y’ Scotch Nation of their 
persecution .. upon y® score of Nonconformitie, divers of 
those people who are dissenters from y? Church having bin 
+-excommunicated., 1688-9 7oleration Acti W. & M.c. 18 
§ 13 Certain other Persons, Dissenters from the Church of 
England. x793 Cutcer in Lif, etc, (1888) II. 277 In Mas- 
sachusetts the Congregationalists were the favorites of 
Government, and every other denomination was considered 
as dissenters from them. 1856 StanLey Sivai & Pad. xiv. 
(1858) 462 Copt and Syrian, Georgian and Armenian, have 
.. their own claims to maintain, as dissenters, so to speak, 
against the great Byzantine establishment. 1868 G. Durr 
Pol. Surv. 54 The Persians happen to be Shiites, or dissen- 
ters—the Turks are Sunnites, or orthodox. 1882 SEE. 
Nat. Relig. ut. i. 124 The popular Christianity of the day.. 
is for the artist too melancholy and sedate, for the man o! 
science too sentimental and superficial. . They become, there- 
fore, dissenters from the existing religion. 

e. spec. One who separates himself from the 
communion of the Established Church of England 
or (in Scotland) of Scotland. In early use including 
Roman Catholics, but now usually restricted to 
those legally styled Protestant Dissenters. (Usually 
with capital 1D.) 

Occasionally distinguished from Nonconformist, and re- 
stricted to those who not only dissent from the national 
church as it is actually constituted, but disagree with the 
principle of national or state churches. 

1679-88 Secr. Serv. Aloney Chas. & Jas. (Camden) 98 To 
Benj* Cranmer, of Hertford, bounty, in consideracion of his 
charge and service in prosecuting Dissenters in that county, 
£100, 1683 I’, Gopsury ref. to IWharton's Wks. 4 Dissenters 
(a Title Rebellious people pride themselves in, and love to 
be distinguished by). 1688 Asp. Sancrorr /ustructions in 
D'Oyly Zz vii, More especially that they havea very tender 
Regard to our Brethren the Protestant Dissenters, 1689 Sik 
G. Savite Let. to Dissenter, It is not so long since as to be 
forgotten, that the maxim was, It is impossible for a Dis- 
senter not to bea Rebel. 1689 /oleration Act 1 W. & Al. 
c. 18 § 11 Unlesse such person can produce two sufficient 
witnesses to testifie upon oath that they believe him to be a 
Protestant Dissenter. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S74. G4, Brit... 
ut. i. (1743) 148 [After Papists] The othe ssenters .. may 
be reduced into four classes, Presbyterians, Independents, 
Anabaptists, (or as they call themselves), Baptists, and 
Quakers, 1731 Fietpine Left. I riters 1. ii, Do you take 
me for a Dissenter, you rascal? x182r ‘T. Jerrerson A wfo- 
biog. Writings 1892 I. 54 Although the majority of our 
citizens were dissenters..a majority of the legislature 
were churchmen. 1826 Perersporrr Ady. Cases in Courts 
A. B. etc. V. 432 note, Catholic and Protestant dissenters 
may plead the Acts of Toleration, and of 31 Geo. 3 to 
almost all prosecutions under these acts. 1839 Zclectic 
Review 1 Jan. 4 The Protestant Dissenters of English His- 
tory, in whose favour the provisions of the ‘‘Voleration Act’ 
were originally intended to operate, consist of the three de- 
nominations which have branched from the original Non- 
conformists ; viz., the Presbyterians, the Congregationalists 
(or Independents), and the Baptists. 1890 ATKINSON Sf. 7 
H. Cont. 22 July, I am not a Dissenter; I am a Noncon- 
formist. 


d. fig. and ¢ransf. 

1827 Lytton Pelham xxiii, Coxcombs and Coquettes are 
the dissenters of society. 1865 Grote Pato I. ii. 88 There 
is no established philosophical orthodoxy, but a collection 
of Dissenters, small sects, each with its own following. 

Hence Disse’nterage, condition or rank of Dis- 
senters. Disse’nterish a., having somewhat of 
the character of a Dissenter. Disse‘nterism, the 
principlesand practice of Dissenters. Disse’nterize 
v. trans., to convert into a Dissenter. 

1866 CarLyLe Remin. (1881) I. 82 The then *Dissenterage 
is definable to moderns simply as a ‘ Free Kirk, making no 
noise’, 1841 Hraser's Mag. XXV.729 The volume looks.. 
so *dissenterish and drab-coloured! 1 Mrs. OLIPHANT 
Perpetual Curate 1. ii. 33 A kind of meddling, Dissen- 
terish, missionising individual. 1809 Br. J. Jens Le?. in 
Life, etc. xxxv. 460 It .. shews the interior of English *dis- 
senterism, during a period of thirty very important years. 
1847 W. E. Forster in Wemyss Reid Z//e (1888) I. 213 Men 
—_— at Romanism and Church of Englandism and 

rotestant Dissenterism., 1838 Br. S. Witberrorce in Life 
I. 128 Such men altogether escape us, they became wholly 
individualized and semi-‘dissenterized. 1856 Lit. Church- 
man II, 94/1 A plan for the Protestantizing, and even Dis- 
senterizing, the University. 

Dissenteries: see DysENnTERY. 

+ Disse’ntiate, v. Obs. rare.  [irreg. f. L. 
dissenti-re + -aTH33; after vbs. from L. sbs. in 
-entia.| trans. To move to dissension or discord. 

1627 FELTHAM Resolves u. [1.] c. (1647) 313 One turbulent 
spirit will dissentiate even the calmest kingdom. 

Dissentience (dise'nfiéns). rave. [f. DissEn- 
TIENT; see-ENCE.] ‘The fact or condition of being 
dissentient ; difference of opinion. 

1864 CarLyLe Fredk, Gt. IV. 420 Dissentience on the Law 
of Thrift. ki 

+ Dissentiency. Oés. rare. [f.as prec.: see 
-ENCY.] The quality of being dissentient. 

1647 Manton Meat out of Eater Wks. 1871 V. 391, I shall 
a little reflect upon our dissentiency and division. 

Dissentient (dise'nfiént), @ and sé, [ad. L. 
dissentient-em, pr. pple. of dissentire to D1ssENT.] 

A. adj. Differing or disagreeing in opinion. 

1651 Howe t Venice Ag Reve If .. ther will be still dis- 
sentient suffrages. 1847 Lewes Hist, Philos. (1867) I. 226 
Several distinct and dissentient points of view opened. a1871 
Grote Eth, Fragm. iv. (1876) 118 A young person is per- 
plexed by the dissentient judgments he hears from different 
individuals. 


DISSENTIOUS. 


b. esp. Dissenting from, or refusing assent to, 


" the opinion or sentiment of the majority. 


Dissentient Liberals, (in Politics) a term applied (by 
opponents) to those members of the Liberal party who in 
1886 dissented from the action of the majority in adoptins 
the principle of ‘Home Rule’ for Ireland as part of the po- 
litical programme}; called by themselves L‘berad Unionists. 
Hence Disse‘ntientism. 

1764-7 Lyrte.ton //en, /, I. 81 (Seager) All the vassals 
..swore fealty and homage to him without any one dissen- 
tient voice being heard. 1845 SreruEN Laws Eng. (1874) 
II. Notes 346 ‘They usually only set down their names as 
dissentient to a vote. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. II. 507 
‘The authority of the two dissentient lords prevented several 
other noblemen from subscribing the address. 1888 GLap- 
stone Let. Mr. Ivory 26 Oct., Not only Scotchmen in general, 
but such Scotchmen as were at one time dissentient. 1892 
Daily News 25 Jan. 5/5 Lancashire will have nothing to do 
with dissentient Liberals /. only Sir Henry James is left to 
keep up the pretence of Dissentientism in the whole 
county. 

B. s/. One who differs or disagrees in opinion ; 
one who differs from the opinion of the majority. 

1621 Br. R. Mountracu Diatribe im. 415 Vo vilifie and 
traduce the Partsand Persons of all Dissentients. 1790 Sir W. 
Jones Charge to Grand Fury, Calcutta 10 June Wks. 1799 
III. 42 When it has been found by a majority of your whole 
number, it is their counsel, which the dissentient must not 
disclose, 1823‘. Jerrerson I/772, (1830) LV. 372 They would 
have left, there as here, no dissentients from their doctrine, 
1868 Heirs Nealmah xvi. (1876) 439 ‘The voices of dissen- 
tients were drowned by the predominant shout. 1887 Dacy 
News 18 July 5/1 Mr. Gladstone.. presses the Dissentients 
with the awkwardness of their position. 

Disse‘nting, v//.s5). | [f. Dissent v. + -1nG1,] 
The action of the vb. Dissenr; a differing in 
opinion ; disagreement. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. t. x. § 14 Wherein the one part 
may haue probable cause of dissenting from the other, 1628 
T. Srencer Logick 50 Difference is a dissenting betweenve 
the essence of two, 1655 FULLER CA. //7st. ii. 29 He.. Bad 
us to keep the holy Paschal ‘Time, And count Dissenting for 
an hainous Crime, 

Dissenting, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] 

1. Differing or disagreeing in opinion, dissentient ; 
also, t differing in sense, nature, character, etc. 

1sso Hoorer Seri. Yonas Epist. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 442 
The which doctrine is catholic..nothing dissenting, but 
agreeable with the prophets and apostles. 1627 Srrep 
England xxxiii. § 3 Whose natures thus dissenting [as to 
their soil] the Riuer Derwent doth diuide asunder. 1762 
Fatconer Shipw. 1. 433 Dissenting reason strove ‘To tame 
..the kindling flame of love. 1796 Morse slyer. Geog. 1. 
329 A convention.. ratified the constitution without a dis- 
senting voice. @1871 Grote Eth. Lragit. iii. (1876) 51 
Each of the dissenting schools of philosophy. 

2. Differing in opinion on religious matters ; 
sfec. disagreeing with the established or prevailing 
doctrines or modes of worship; nonconformist. 

Dissenting Brethren, a name applied to the five members 
of the Westminster Assembly, 1643-4, who advocated Con- 
gregational principles against the Presbyterian majority. 

1644 Frul. Ho. Commons 23 Dec., Mr. Marshall delivered 
in the Reasons of the Dissenting Brethren against Presby- 
terial Government. 1649 in //ard. Misc. (title', The Dis- 
senting Ministers’ vindication of themselves. 1711 /1ct 10 
Aun c.2§9 A Preacher or Teacher of any Congregatic 
of dissenting Protestants. 1766 Entick London 1V, 366 
The ha!l room is let out for a dissenting meeting. 1803 
J. Buntine 23 Sept. in L7/e (1859) I. x. 181 The Dissenting 
Ministers..are quite before us Methodists in [these] publi- 
cations. 1843 /’enzy Cycl. XXVII. 247 ‘The chiefs of the 
Independent party in the Assembly were Dr. ‘Thomas Good- 
win, Philip Nye, Jeremiah Burroughs, William Bridge, 
and Sidrach Simpson, often spoken of as the Five Dissent- 
ing Brethren, 1849 Macauray //ist. Eng. I. 177 It was 
made a crime to attend a dissenting place of worship. 

Disse‘ntingly, adv. [f. prec. + -1Ly%.] In 
a manner expressing dissent or disagreement. 

1628 T. Spencer Logick 239 Dissenting arguments onely 
are disposed : and dissentingly in the same manner as they 
are disposed in simple Axiomes. 1862 Lever Barrington 
xlvi, Conyers shook his head dissentingly. 1864 Gd. IVords 
789/1 She may consent dissentingly. i 

Dissentious (dise‘nfas),@. Now rare. Also 
6 -cious, 6-7 -sious. [f. Dissension, and there- 
fore more etymologically spelt déssenszous : see 
-1ous. But perh, orig. after OF. déssencieux, -(eux, 
from dissencton, -tion, obs. spellings of dissen- 
sion. There are no other Eng. words in -enszous, 
while -erd¢éous is frequent, and naturally associates 
this word with dissent, dissentient, etc.] 

Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, dissension 
or disagreement in opinion; esf. given to dissen- 
sion, discordant, quarrelsome. 

1560 P. Wuirenorne tr. Macchiavelli’s Arte of Warre 
573) 19a, The disunited and discencious do agree. 1592 

HAKS. Ven. § Ad. 657 This carry-tale, dissentiots Jealousy 
.. Knocks at my heart. 1597 DALRyMpce tr. Leslie's Hist. 
Scotl. x. 442 Tha began to be dissensious. 1615 G. Sanpys 
Trav. 11. 206 The two brethren grew .. dissentious about 
the deuision of their purchases. 1877 Bracke Wise Men 
334 In violent plunges of dissentious rage. 1882-3 Scare 
Encycl, Relig. Knowl. 1. 354/2 As well fitted for harmonious 
as for dissentious action. . at obese 

+b. Inclined to differ or dissent in religions or 
ecclesiastical matters. Obs. 

1868 Ascuam Scholem. u.(Arb.) 93 He .. will .. presume 
..in Religion, to haue a dissentious head, or in the com- 
mon wealth, to haue a factious hart. 1579 Tomson Cad- 
vin's Serm. Tim, 1032/1 We may not marueile if there be 
discentious persons in y’ Church, which go ays 8 marre 

—2 


DISSENTIOUSLY. 


allorder. 1676 Life Muggleton in Hari. Misc. 1. 610 This 

Muggleton, an obstinate, dissentious, and opposive spirit. 
+e. Of things; Differing, at variance, discor- 

dant; of the nature of dissension. Ods. rare. 

1605 7ryall Chev. wv. i. in Bullen O. PZ. II. 322 Since he 
.. first inkindled this dissensious brawle. 164. Cuas. I. 
Axnsw. to Earls Bristol & Dorset 3 Severall and farre dif- 
ferent c ptions, yet none di ious from ‘Truth, 

+ Dissentiously, adv. Obs. rare. [-1x2.] 
In a dissentious manner; with dissension. 

¢ 1611 Cuapman //iad 11. 22 No more the Gods dissentiously 
imploy Their high-hous'd powers. 

sentism, vare. [f. Dissent sd, + -1sM.] 
Religious dissent as a system ; nonconformity. 

1859 W. Cuapwicx Life De Foe i. 44 The healthy growth 

of Protestant dissentism. : 
Disse’ntive, a. Ols. rare. [irreg. f. Dis- 
SENT v.+-1VE.] Inclined to be at discord. 

1627 Fectnam Xesolves 1. (ed. 2 1.) iv, A Lyer..is a 
Monster in Nature; for his Heart and Tongue, are Incon- 
gruous, and dissentiue. : 

Dissentment (disesntmént). [f. Dissent z. 
+ -MENT. Cf. 16th c. F. dtssentement, mod.¥. 
-iment.] Difference of opinion, dissentience, dissent. 

1690 M. Suietps Faithf£ Contend. (1780) 19 In which dis- 
sentment joined several societies. 1893 GLApsTone Sf. 
Belfast Deput. 28 Mar., This dissentment between the 
sentiment of the propertied class and the national senti- 
ment. 

+ Dissentory. Ods. rave. [An erroneous form ; 
cf. Descent 1 d, and Sperrala apt | 

1658 Puitiies, Dissentory (old word), a kind of still. 

Disse'parable, a. vare. [f. Dis- 10+ SEpa- 
RABLE.] Not tobe dissevered ; inseparable. 

¢1825 Beppors Poems, Torrismond 1. iii, Thou in my 
mind, and I in thine, shall be, And so disseparable to the 
edge Of thinnest lightning. 

+ Disse’parate, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 5 + 
SEPARATE v.] trans. To separate, dissever. 

1sso Nicotts Thucyd. 222b, The shyppes that were in 
the myddeste of their battayle, remayned nakedde and dis- 
separated frome those of the two poynctes. 

ssepiment (disepiment). Zot, and Zo0/. 
[a. L. déssepimentum that which separates, a par- 
tition, f. désswpire (-sepire): see Dissert.] A 
partition in some part or organ; a septum. 

spec. &. Bot. A partition consisting of the coherent sides 
of adjacent carpels, separating the cells of a syncarpous 
ovary or fruit. (Partitions otherwise formed are called 


508 


first of these ladies, at thirteen. .can dissertate on the various 
flavors. 1837 Hawtnorne Amer, Note-Bhs. (2883) 93 He 
had a good many old papers in his desk .. which he pro- 
duced and dissertated upon, 1868 Browninc Ring & Bk. 
11, 270 He dissertated on that ‘Tuscan house. 

Dissertation (disaatét-fan). [ad. L. désserta- 
tion-em discourse, disquisition, n, of action f, dés- 
sertdre to DISSERTATE.] 

+1. Discussion, debate. Ods. 

x6xx Sreep Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xxii. (R.) As ina certaine 
dissertation had once with Master Cheeke it appeared. 1623 
Cockeram, Dissertation, a disputing on things. 1677 GALE 
Crt. Gentiles 111. 27 Paui mentions some who had turned 
aside .. to unprofitable dissertation or disputation. 1709 
Stryre Ann. Kef. I. xi. 137 [They] altogether refused .. to 
apse in further dissertation with them. 

. A spoken or written discourse upon or treat- 
ment of a subject, in which it is discussed at length; 
a treatise, sermon, or the like; = Discourse sé. 5. 
: at 7 Hopes Govt. § Soc. Title-p., A Dissertation concern- 
ing Man in his severall habitudes and respects. 1683 DrypeN 
Life Plutarch 60 Observing this, I made a pause In my dis- 
sertation. 1728 Pore Dunc. 11. Notes, He compos'd three 
dissertations a week on all subjects, _1762-71 H. WaLro.e 
Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 1. 238 Vermander dedicated 
to Ketel a dissertation on the statues of the ancients. 1841 
D'Israett Amen. Lit, (1867) 476 Warton has expressly 
written a dissertation on that subject. 1879 GLapsTonE 
Glean. V.i. 77 The sermon isa dissertation, and does violence 
to nature in the effort to be like a speech. 

Hence Disserta‘tional a., belonging to or of the 
nature of a dissertation; Disserta'tionist, onc 
who makes a dissertation. 

1844 De Quincey Logic of Political Economy 36 This 
remark was levelled by the dissertationist .. (I Cefteve) at 
Ricardo. 1846 Worcester cites Ch. Observ. for Disserta- 
tional. 1865 Keader No. 113. 234/2 Dissertational, poetic, 
and rhetorical plays. 1866 Spectator 20 Oct. 1162/2 The dis- 
sertational language of so dry a piece of theoretic definition 


| as the creed called the Athanasian. 


Dissertative (di-saiteitiv), a. [f. L. ppl. stem 


| dissertat- (see D1SSERTATE) + -IVE.] Characterized 


spurious or false dissepiments.) b. The middle part of | 


a lamella of the pileus in hymenomycetous fungi :=TRama. 
ce. Zool. One of the horizontal plates connecting the vertical 
septa in corals. @. One of the divisions between the body- 
segments of an annelid. 

1727 Baituy vol. I], Dissepiment, a middle Partition, 
whereby the Cavity of the Fruit is divided into Sorts of 
Cases or Boxes. 1760 Jas. Lee /ntrod. Bot. 1. vi. (1776) 14 
The partitions, which divide the capsule into sundry com- 
partments, or cells, dissepiments. 1857 BerkeLey Cryftog. 
Bot.§$ 95.116 The division of the rcorcplasen by dissepiments. 
1861 J. R. Greene Alan, Anim, Kingd., Calent, 203 Each 
corallite has its chambers slightly interrupted by a few 
dissepiments. 1870 RoLteston Anim. Life 121 The mus- 
cular dissepiments dividing the body into compartments. 
1870 Bentiey Bot. 271 In the ovary of the Astragalus a 
spurious dissepiment is also formed. 

Dissepimental (disepime'ntal), @.  [-aL.] 
Belonging to, or of the nature of, a dissepiment. 

1857 Berkeey Cryftog. Bot. § 242. 249 A close cellular 
tissue, in which the passage from diseapieital walls and 
threads is almost imperceptible. 1870 RoLLeston Anim. 
Life 126 The muscular dissepimental walls of the segments. 

+ Disse'pt, v. Os. rare. [f. L. dissapt- ppl. 
stem of dissapire to separate, part off, f. Dis- 1 
+ swpire (sépire) to hedge off, f. swpes a hedge.] 
trans. To divide by a partition; to partition off. 

1657 Tomuinson Renon's Disp. 347 Certain aculeated cups 
+. dissepted with little fences. 

Dissepulchred (disse*p#lkoid), pp/. a. rare. 
[D1s- 7.] Disentombed. 

1800 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. 1X, 464 Like some dis- 
sepulchred half-waken ghost, Slow stretch a wither’d hand, 

issert (disd-it), v. [f. L. déssert- ppl. stem 
of disserére to discuss, treat, examine ; also intr. 
to discourse, f. Dis- 1 + seréve to bind, connect, 
join words, compose. ] 

+1. trans. To discuss, examine. Ods. 

1623 Cockeram, Dissért, to dispute on matters. 1641 R. 
Brooke Eng. Episc. 11. ii, 69 Either none seeme to state the 
Guertion right ; or else, all seem to dissert it. x72 Srryre 

ccl. Mem. i. xliii. 330 Thence they descended to dissert 
the single life of priests. 5 3 

2. intr. To discourse upon a particular subject ; 
to make a dissertation. (Now, ted.) 

1657 Tomtinson Kenou's Disp. 651 We have abundantly 
disserted about the preparation of Medicaments. 1744 
Harris Three Treat. Wks. (1841) 96 A venerable sage .. 
whom once I heard disserting on the topic of religion, 
Cuestrerr. Lets, 111. No. 2h. 325 It is not amiss.. to 
able to dissert upon the growth and flavour of wines. 1823 
Byron ¥uan xi. xxxix, "Tis always with a moral end That 
Idissert, 1855 Tuackeray Newcomes 11,255 Whilst George 
is still dissertung Clive is drawing. 

Dissertate (di'saiteit),v. [f. L. déssertat- ppl. 
stem of dissertare to discuss, argue, debate, fre- 
quentative of dissertre to Duster} sat, To make 
a dissertation ; to discourse ; = pee, 2. (Unusual. ) 

1766 Derrick Lett. (1767) 11. 39 Why should I thus dis- 
sertateto you? 1811 L. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. 1. 5 The 


by or given to dissertation, 

1816 Keatince 7'rav. (1817) 1. 10 note, It is not requisite 
to be of a peculiarly dissertative turn, 1858 H. Miter 
Rambl, Geol. 407 That dissertative style of history .. that, 
for series of facts, substitutes bundles of theories. 

Dissertly, obs. var. of DiseRtTLy. 

Dissertator. [a. L. dissertator a disputant, 
f. dissertare.} One who makes a dissertation. 

1698 C. Bovte On Bentley's Phalaris 114 (R.) Our dis- 
sertator learnedly argues [etc.]. 1718 Pore //ad xi. 1037 
note, According to the grave manner of a learned dissertator. 
1849 Zait’s Mag. XVI. 789 How could | break up this con- 
clave of dissertators ? 


Disserve (<disss'1v), v:  [f. Dis- 6 + SeRve v. 


Cf. F. desservir ‘to clear a table’ (whence our | 


sense 2), ‘to do any one a bad turn’; It. diservire 
to serve ill, ‘to vnserve’ (Florio).] 


1. trans. Todo the contrary of to serve; to serve | 


badly, to do an ill turn to. 

1618-29 Rusuw. //ist. Coll. (1659) 1. 263 The Earl of Bristol 
did reveal unto his late Majesty. .in what sort the said Duke 
had disserved him and abused his trust. 1637 Laup S/. 
Star-Chamé. 13 June 55 Nor hath any Kings Chappell any 
Prerogative .. above any ordinary Church to dis-serve G: 
in by any Superstitious Rites. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa 
Wks. 1883 Vit. 15, I have fulfilled your commands; and, 
I hope, have not dis-served my friend with you. 1874 Pusey 
Lent. Serm. 69 He ended in deadly opposition to God, dis- 
serving God as greatly as he could. 

2. To remove the ‘service’ from (a table). 

1816 Mary A. ScHimMeLrenninck tr. Lancelot’s Tour Alet 
I. 17 The table is served and disserved in the same manner. 

Disservice (disss-1vis), 5d. [f. Dis-9 + Service; 
ef. F. desservice (16th c. in Littré), It. diservizio, 
‘a bad seruice, a shrewd turne, an ill office’ 
(Florio).) The contrary of service; the rendering 
of an ill service or ill turn; injury, detriment. 

1599 Sanvys Europa Spec. (1632) 109 ‘To ioyne with them 
in praysing the Creatour of the world, is no better than dis- 
seruice to his Maiestie. 1732 Berketey Serm. to S. P. GC. 
Wks, III. 250 The making religion a notional thing hath 
been of infinite disservice. @ 1754 Fircpinc /athers v. ii, 
It is not of any disservice to the young lady. 1852 J. H. 
Newman Scope Univ. Educ. 413 That institution did both 
service and disservice to the ethical teaching of Catholicism. 

b. With a and f/. An ill service or ill tum ; an 
injury. 

1611 Cotcr., Desservice, a disseruice, ill office, misdeed. 
1632 Strarrorp in Browning Lif (1891) 301 Since I cam 
heather, I haue hearde of many disseruices, but not any one 
seruice he hath paid backe vnto the Crowne. 1761 STERNE 
Tr. Shandy M11, i, My uncle Voby's wish did Dr. Slop a dis- 
service which his heart never intended. as L. Hunt Seer 
(1864) 9 Among the disservices rendered us by fortune, 

Disse'rvice, v. vare. [f. prec. sb.] rans. To 
render an ill service to; to disserve, to injure. 

1837 Wiirrock Bk. 7rades (1842) 359 Mr. ‘Tingry .. has 
thus been disserviced ;..portions of his work purloined. 

Disse'rviceable, a. [f. Dis- 8 + Senvice- 
ABLE, after prec. sb.] ‘Tending to do disservice ; 
unhelpful, hurtful, detrimental. 

1644 J. Goopwin Junoc. Triumph. (1645) 93 [They] are. .in 
their natures disserviceable unto the common peace, 1710 
Norris Chr, Prud. vii. 311 True sound Philosophy .. is no 
way disserviceable, but very assistant to Religion, 1817 
Coteprooke Algebra 199 Its pr in that multiplicati 
would be highly disserviceable. . ‘ 

Hence Disse'rviceableness, the quality of being 


DISSEVER. 


disserviceable ; Disse*rviceably adv., in a disser- 
yiceable manner; not servi Ye 

1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virgin 164 Hindered 
by. -the di i ness of his owne 1670 Hacket 
Abp. Williams u, (1692) 17 1 did nothing disserviceably 
to your majesty, or the duke. 1678 Norris Coé/. Q/isc. (1699) 
294 All action being for some End .. its aptness to be com- 
manded or forbidden, must be founded upon its serviceable- 
ness or disserviceableness to some end. 

Dissese, obs. form of DecEasE, D1sEaseE. 

Dissessor, obs. form of DissEIsor. 

Dissete, var. of Dissirz a. Obs. é 

+ Dissettle, v. Os. [Dis- 6] trans. To 
undo the settled condition of ; to unsettle, disturb. 


- opinions. Hickman Quinguart. /Hist.(ed. 2) 92 There 
is usually something of disorder cleaving to the best things 
that are done in dissettled times, 

Disse'ttlement. [f. prec. + -wenT.] The 
action of dissettling ; the fact of being dissettled: 
+a. Disturbance, unsettlement. Ods. b. Dislodge- 
ment or ejection from one’s settled abode or place. . 

1654 Cromwe.L Sf. Dissol. Parit. 22 Subjecting us to 
Dissettlement in every Parliament. 1668 H. More Div. 
Dial. 11. ii. (1713) 182 margin, His Relapse into Dissettle- 
ment of Mind. 1880 Masson A/iéfon VI... i, 232 The dis- 
settlement of so many families, the breaking of old links. 

Dissever (dise'va1), v. Forms: 3-5 desevir, 
3-6 desever, 5 desevyr, deceuer; 4- dissever 
(4-5 dess-, 4-6 disc-, 5-6 dysc-, dyss-, 4-5 -evir, 
5-6 -evyr, 6 -iver, -ivir, -yfer). [a. AF. deseverer, 
desceverer, OF. dessevrer, desevrer  disseverer) (10th 
c. in Godef.), mod.F. (techn.) desseuvrer:—L. dissé- 
parare, {. Dis- 1, 5 + séparare to SEPARATE.] 

1. trans. To separate (a person or thing from 
another or from a body, two or more things from 
each other); to divide, disjoin, sever, part, disunite. 

cago Old Kent. Serm. in O. E. Misc. 31 Purch scab nis 
nacht man and wyman d ird fram felarede. 1 
Wycur 1 Chron. xxv. 1 [‘Thei] deseuereden than in to the 
servyce the sonys of Asaph. c 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxiii. 
149 Pissemyres .. disseuerez fyne gold fra pe vnfyne. 
© 1450 Mirour Saluacion 2554 When thai his body and sawle 
with the crosse disseueryd. | ss Bet ee. VIII, c. 31 
heading, Disseueringe the bishoprick hester..from the 
iurisdiction of Canturbury. 15s0 Covernate Spir. Perle vii. 
Wks. 1844 I. 117 The kernel lieth mixed among the chaff, and 
afterward are they dissevered asunder with the fan or windle. 
1595 Suaks. Fohn u. i. 388 Disseuer your vnited strengths. 
1681 H. More /x/. Dan. i.6 A Stone cut out without hands, 
no man with Axe or Gavelock dissevering it. 1695. Lo. 
Preston Boeth. vy. 224 Mankind must of necessity .. be dis- 
severed and disjoined from its Good. 1712-14 Pore Rape 
Lock wt. 153 ‘The meeting points the sacred dissever 


hair 
From the fair head for ever and for ever! or Agha 4 
Petham Wii, The difference in our politics had of late much 
dissevered us. 1877 Farrar Days of Youth xix. 179, | have 
dissevered them from their context. 

2. To divide into parts. ms 

c1400 Destr. Troy 1602 Thurgh myddis pe..toune meuyt 
a water, And disseuert pe Cite. 1417 Searchers Verdicts 
in Surtees Misc. (1890) 11 Chosen be the assent of 
for to dissevir a grounde of a tenement .. betwix the Dene 
and Chipitre..of the ta party, and the Maistre and Freres 
.. on the other party. 1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. xxi. Pj a, 
The .. Pollygonium, which you shall divide by the num! 
— = to ye would disseuer it. a 1845 Hoop 
Public Dinner ii, A. seas that is oldish—At carving not 
to 


clever—You're begg' d '. J. Scorrexy in 
Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem, 3 This mass may be dissevered into 
smaller parts. , 

+b. To break up, dissolve or disperse (a com- 
bination). Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 234 He that hte to dissever 
The compaignie of hem for ever. 1615 J. Srernens Satyr. 
Ess. 66 ‘The very name of Crumwell was able to dissever 
insurrections. y 


Corr. 
87 They did many. .famous actes..and many mo had like to 
SN bene dons. if they had not dissevered Prong 

*b. intr. To separate, part, go asunder, depart. 
3386 Cuaucer Can. Veo, Prob § T. 322 That futur 
maad men disseuere..from ai pa 


is deadly speare. 
1820 Suxttey Ode Lid. x, As light may Pere the clouds 
when they dissever In the calm regions of the orient day ! 


Hence Disse’vering vd/. sb. and ffi. a. 


Henry Wallace vu. 557 Our di I wald na 
othere une saw. Sreunax Let. Hen. Vil in 


England p.\x, To th ssyferyng..schal neuer le 
the Oe ented asda, 1610 HoLtann Camden's 
Brit. 1. 377 Pleasant..Islets lye dispersed by the eo 
disseuerings of waters, @ 1822 SHELLEY Pr. Wks, (1880, 
ILI. 57 Their dissevering and t: institutions, ‘ 


DISSEVER. 


+ Disse'ver, 5. Ods. rave. [f. prec. vb.] The 
act of dissevering ; severance. 

1508 Dunbar Poents vi. 22 Semper ibi ad r dum, 

uhill domisday, without disseuer. 

everance (dise'vérins). Forms: see 
prec. vb. [a. OF. dessevrance, etc. (Godef.), f. 
dessevrer to DISSEVER: see -ANCE.] The action 
or fact of dissevering or separating ; separation. 

1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 1375 (1424) That I was born 
allas what me is wo, That day of vs mot make desseuer- 
aunce. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 20 A deseueraunce maad 
of stoon wal ovir the entre, to parte the litil botrie vnder the 
gresys. 1586 A. Day Zug. Secretary 1. (1625) 86 To ex- 
tinguish the cause of falling of the disseverance, or breach. 
1832 Fraser's Mag. V1. 377 The disseverance of Belgium 
and Holland should be considered as matter of history. 

Disseveration (disevéré':fon). [f. Dissever 
+-ATION.] =prec. 

16.. Cont. Knolles' Hist. Turks 1434 E. (L.) Both will be 
the clearer by the disseveration. 1829 O'ConneLt in //ist. 
Europe in Anne Reg. 127/1, 1 want no disseveration ; but I 
want, and must have, a repeal of that cursed measure which 
deprived Ireland of her senate. 1882 A. C. Lyati Asiatic 
Stud. 5 This process is in India continually interrupted.. 
b the religious element of disseveration. 

Dissevered (dise’void), 22. a. [f. as prec. + 
-ED1,.] Separated, disunited, divided. 

1471 Riptey Comp, Alch. w. in Ashm. (1652) 144 Of dys- 
severyd qualytes a Copulacyon. 1583 STANyHuURST Aencis 
u. (Arb.) 64 If Gods eternal thee last disseuered offal Of 
‘Troy determyn too burne. 1614 Raceicu Hist. World u. 
iv. § 10 They were a Nation apart and dissevered. 1795, 
CorerincE Lines in Manner Spenser 12 With thoughts of 
my dissevered Fair ingrost. 1835 Browntnc Paracelsus 1. 
Wks. (1889) 65 Are we not halves of one dissevered world ? 

+b. A/ath. =DIscrere 2. Obs. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. i. viii. § 2. 31 The one handling 
quantitie continued, and the other disevered. 1654 Z. Coke 
Logick (1657) 29 Quantity is either continued, as greatnesse : 
dissevered, as number. 

Disseverment (dise'vaimént). [f. as prec. + 
-MENT; cf. obs. F. dessevrement (Godef.).] The 
action or process of dissevering ; disseverance. 

@ 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T.(1618) 619 We 
uphold the difference of Minister and people by greater 
railes and disseverments of discretion both in calling and 
gifts. 1819 Scorr Leg. Montrose vi, I could no more con- 
sent.,than the woman in the judgement of Solomon to the 
disseverment of the child, 1849 Murcuison Si/uria xiii. 
iH Those disseverments which mark the separation of the 

wer from the Upper Coal. 1885 Miss O’H anton Unfore- 
seen xxxviii, Since the day of their wretched disseverment. 

Disseyte, -eyue, obs. ff. Decerr, DEcrIvVE. 

Disseyvaunt, var. of DEcEIVANT a. Ods. 

c1450 Bk, Curtasye 208 in Babees Bk. 305 Inswete wordis 

nedder was closet, Disseyuaunt euer and mysloset. 

Dissha‘dow, disha‘dow, v. rare. [Dis- 
7a.] trans, To free from shadow or shade. 

x610 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict. xlii, Soon as he againe 
dishadowed is, Restoring the blind world his blemish’t sight. 
1873 A. & P. Cary Aemorial 107 For out of heaven no 
bliss—Disshadowed lies, like this. 


+ Dissha‘pe, disha‘pe, v. Ols. rare. [f. di-, 
Dis- 6+SHAPE v.: cf. mzsshape.] trans. To put 
out of shape, disfigure. 

1583 Harsnet Serm, Ezek. (1658) 131 Who so dishapes or 
defaces that Image.. it is Capitale, a matter of life and Death. 


Disshe, obs. form of Disu. ; 

Dissheathe (dis,{73),v. save. Alsodisheathe. 
[f. Dis- 6 + SHEATHE v.] trans. To draw out of 
a sheath; to unsheathe. (Also zur. for reft.) 

1614 Rateicu Hist. World ui. iv. § 3 Cambyses’ sword 
dis-sheathing, pierced his owne thigh. 1840 BrowninG Sor- 
dello 1. 274 Like the great palmer-worm..So fed Sordello, 
not a shard disheathe 

Dissheviled, obs. form of DisHEVELLED. 

+ Disship, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +S v.] 
trans. To remove from a ship. 

1557 Instr. Mariners Russia in Hakluyt (1886) III. 164 
The Captaine..shall..disship any artificer..or apprentice 
out of the Primrose into any other of the three ships. 

+ Disshi'ver, v. Ols. Also 6 di-. [f. Dis- 1+ 
SHIVER v.] ¢rans. To shiver in pieces; to shatter. 
b. zntr. To become shattered, fall to piece. 

1586 W. Wespe Lng. Poetrie (Arb.) 50 Shieldes dishyuer- 
ing cracke. 1596 SpeNsER F. Q. 1v. 1. 21 All within.. There 
were. .Disshivered speares, and shields ytorne in twaine. 
@ 1638 Meve Kem, Apoc, x. Wks. (16; 2) 111, 600 The Empire 
flourishing under one Monarch, not falling or disshivering. 

hort: see DisHort. 

Disshroud (dis,frau-d), v. rare. [f. D1s- 6 or 
7a + SuRoup v. or sb.] trans. To deprive of a 
shroud ; fig. to unveil, expose. ; 

1577 Stanynurst Descr. Jed. u. in Holinshed (1587) 1. 15 
As his negligence shall be in the one disshrow[d]ed, so his 
slanderous judgement maie be in the other reversed 1868 
Browninc Ring §& Bk. x. 2125 Like a ghost disshrouded, 
white the sea, 

Dissidence (disidéns). [ad. L. déssidéntia, 
f. disstdére to sit apart, disagree, f. Dis- 1 + sedére 
to sit: see-ENcE. So in mod.F.] Disagreement 
(in opinion, character, etc.) ; difference, dissent. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Dissidence, discord or displacing. 
1975 Burke Sf, Conc. Amer. Wks. II]. 53 But the religion 
most prevalent in our northern colonies is a refinement on 
the principle of resi : it is the dissid of di : 
and the ism of the p ligi 1847 Lewes 
Hist. Philos. Comte (1867) 11. 592 In the sciences there is 
less dissidence, but there 1s the same absence of any general 


509 


doctrine. 1863 Gro. Extor Romola ut. xxxii, That dissi- 

dence between inward reality and outward seeming. 1874 

Green Short Hist. viii. § 7. 539 Among the farmers ., 

dissidence of every type had gained a firm foothold. 1891 

— 24 Feb. 9/5 Dissenting for the mere pleasure of dissi- 
ence, 

+ Dissidency. 00s. rare. [f. as prec.: see 
-ENCY.] =prec. 

1670 Conclave wherein Clement VIII was elected Pope 
3 The Cardinals..(were it either dissidency, or jealousie, or 
any other passion) were extreamly divided. 

ssident (di‘sidént), a. and sd, [ad. L. dés- 

sidént-em, pr. pple. of désstdére: see D1sswwENCE. 
Cf. F. dissedent (16th c. ; adm. by Acad. 1798).] 

A. adj. Disagreeing or differing (in opinion, char- 
acter, etc.) ; at variance, different. Const. from. 

¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Erg. Hist. (Camden) I. 257 These 
thinges are not altogether dissident from the trewthe. 1581 
Rosinson tr. A/ore’s Utop. 1. (Arb.) 130 Sca[r]selie so farre 
frome vs .. as our life and maners be dissident from theirs. 
1617 Cotiins Def. BP. Ely 283 A forme of prayer dissident 
from the common, 1837 CartyLe /’”. Kev. IIL. vi. vii. (1872) 
241 The dissident Armed-Forces have met. 1865 W. G. Pat- 
GRAVE Arabia I. 212 In most respects so dissident from 
the Wahhabee sectarians. 1890 Lowet Latest Lit. Ess. 
(1892) 97 Men .. dissident .. in other respects, were agreed 
in resenting these impediments 

b. Dissenting in eccl tical matters. 

1837 CartyLe 7”, Rev. IL. iii. iv. (1872) ror Whereby come 
Dissident ejected Priests; unconquerable Martyrs accord- 
ing to some,..chicaning Traitors according to others. 

B. sd. One who disagrees ; a dissentient. 

1789 H. Watrote Let. to H.S. Conway 15 July, Some 
may be seized by the dissidents, and whole provinces be 
torn from the crown. 1826 Scotr Rev. Avmble's Life 
(1849) 153 The scruples of such dissidents from public 
opinion are real. 1886 G. ALLEN Darwin vii. 120 ‘The 
magic of his name silenced the derisive whispers of the 
dissidents, 

b. One who dissents from the established or 
dominant form of religion; a dissenter. 

1790 (¢7¢/e), An Address to the Dissidents of England on 
their late Defeat. 1809 Syp. Smitu Iiks. (1859) I. 164/12 
He did defend and support it; and did persecute all dissi- 
dents from its doctrine. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. LV. 294 
Leonists, Speronists, and dissidents of all other descriptions 
were incapable of holding places of honour. 1874 GreEN 
Short Hist. viii. § 7. 538 Against dissidents from their own 
system, the Presbyterians were as bitter as Laud himself. 

ec. spec. Under the kingdom of Poland, the name 
(L. déssidentes) given to Protestants, members of the 
Greek Church, and other Christians, not of the 
established Roman Catholic Church. 

1766 Hist. Europe in Aun. Reg. 11/2 Nothing could be 
granted to the dissidents; not even the toleration of their 
worship. _1767 Curesterr. Lett, 5 May, I have a great 
opinion of the cogency of the controversial arguments of 
the Russian troops in favour of the Dissidents. 1837-9 
Hatvam “Hist. Lit. ii. 1. § 14 In the Polish diets the dissi- 
dents, as they were called, met their opponents with vigour 
and success. 

Dissidiousness, var. DestpiousNEss, Obs. 

+ Dissidy. Ods. rare. [ad. L. déss¢di-um (now 
held to be error for désczdinm), f. disstdére: see 
DissiDENCE.] Disagreement, difference. 

1657 TomLinson Revou's Disp. 281 Barbarism in speech 
Goh not so much move me, as their dissidy in the very 
thing. 

Dissight (<issoit, disoit). [f.D1s-9 + Stenrsd. 
This form is more in accordance with analogy than 
the synonymous DesicHT.] Something unpleasant 
to look upon, an unsightly object, an eyesore. 

er7io C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 148 It would be ..no 
dissight to y* grace of y* Streets. 1821 Soutney Vis. of 
Fudgm. Pref., This is noticed as merely a dissight, and of 
no moment. 1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect. Archit. 1. 234 
Sufficient extension of abutment could not be obtained 
without inconvenience or dissight. %88r Mrs. A. R. Extis 
Sylvestra 11. 24 [He] pulled down a picturesque old church 
to replace it by a regular and commodious dissight. 

Dis-si:ghted, Af/. a. [Dis- 6.] =Unsicuren, 

1825 Sport. Mag. XVI. 338/2 That the course be deemed 
to end .. where one or both dogs get dis-sighted. [Cf. zdcd, 
268/2 If one or both dogs be unsighted.] 

si‘ghtly, a. rave. = UNSIGHTLY. 

x77 T. Camppete Surv. S. rel. 104 Everything dis- 
sightly is... screened from the view. 1884 Jrud. R. Agric. 
Soc, XV. 1, 474 These make a turf look very dissightly. 
Dissigni‘ficative, a. Ots.—° [Dis- 1o.] 

1721 Battey, Dissignificative, that serveth to signify 
something different from. 

Dissi‘lience. 0és.—° [see Dissturent and 
-ENCE.] _The action of springing asunder. 

1658 Puitiips, Dissilience, a leaping or bounding up and 
down, a falling asunder. 1721 BaiLey, Déssilience, a leaping 
down from off a place, or from one place to another: Also 
a leaping asunder. Sy 

Dissiliency (dissi‘liénsi). rare. [see next 
and -ENcy.] The quality of being dissilient ; 
tendency to spring asunder. Zit, and fg. 

1882-3 A. P. Peasopy in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 
Ill. 1747 Not only dissent, but strong dissiliency was 
almost unanimously expressed by the Unitarian clergy. 


Dissilient (dissi-liént), a. [ad. L.disstlient-em, 
pr. pple. of déssz/ire to leap or spring asunder, fly 
apart, f. Dis- 1 + sa/ire to leap.] Leaping asunder, 
springing apart; sfec. in Bot. bursting open with 
force, as do some ripe capsules. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dissilient, leaping down off a 
place, or hither and thither. 1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot., 


DISSIMILATION. 


Dissiliens pericarpium, a dissilient, bursting or elastic 
pericarp or fruit. 1830 W. Puitups M4. Sinai 1. 120 Na- 
ture sprang Ofttimes dissilient from her destined course. 

+ Dissilition. O¢s. [n. of action f. L. déss¢- 
lire to leap asunder: cf. prec. and L. sa/itzo a leap- 
ing.] A leaping or springing apart ; a bursting. 

1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech, xxxvii. 312 The Dis- 
silition of that Air was so great, that the small Viol seem’d 
to be full of Milk. 1669 — Contn. New Exp. 11. (1682) 166 
The Glass broke..and made a great noise at its dissilition. 
1685 — fects of Mot. Suppl. 143 ‘The dissilition depended 
chiefly upon the peculiar texture of the Glass. 

Dissimilar (disi:milas), @. (sd.) Also 7-8 dis- 
simular. [f. Dis- 10 + Simivar: cf. F. déssemi- 
datre (Paré, 16th c.), L. déssimiits unlike.] 

Not similar or alike; different in appearance, 
properties, or nature; unlike. Const. Zo (less often 
Jrom, rarely with.) 

Dissimilar whole (Logic), a whole composed of hetero- 
geneous parts. Dissimilar parts (in old Avat.), organs of 
the body composed of various ‘similar parts’ or tissues. 
Opposed to ConsimiLar. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. u. iv, Dissimudlar parts are 
those which wee call Organicad/, 1632 SHERWOOD, ‘Ihe dis- 
similar parts of the body, des parties dissimilaircs du 
corps {not in Cotgr. 1611). 1656 Stantey //ist. Philos. v. 
(1701) 166 Heterogeneous, consist of dissimular parts. 1705 
Cueyne Philos, Princ. Relig. 1. xxiv. (1715) 47 As well 
may the Ray be supposed to be dissimilar to the body of 
the Sun. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Addison Wks. 11. 87 
A poetical simile is the discovery of likeness between two 
actions, in their general nature dissimilar. 1802 Mrs. EF. 
Parsons A/yst. Visit u.154 A wish of her own dissimilar 
with any expressed wish of his. 1819 W. ‘T'aytor in A/onthly 
Rev. LXXXIX. 78 Short lucubrations, not dissimilar from 
those of the Sfectator. 1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xii, A new 
picture .. it was dissimilar to all the others hanging there. 
1876 Humrnreys Coin-Coll. Alan. vi. 69 An entirely new 
style of coinage..which..was..dissimilar from the Roman. 

+b. Zot, Applied to the cotyledonary or seed- 
leaves of a plant, as being unlike in form to the later- 
developed ordinary leaves. Oés. 

1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 42. These Dissimilar 
Leaves, for the most part ‘I'wo, which first spring up, and 
are of a different shape from those that follow, being the 
very Lobes of the Seed. 1721 Battry, Disstmilar leaves 
(with Botanists) are the two.first leaves of a Plant. 

B. as sd. (in f/.) Dissimilar things. 

1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 202 Dissimilars are wont 
chiefly to deserve explication. 1727-51 [see DussimILe]. 
1869 Goutsurn Puss, Holiness viii. 67 If the dissimilars be 
not related to one another. 

Hence + Dissimilarness. = next. 

1727 Baitry vol. II, Dissimilarness, unlikeness. 

Dissimilarity (disimileriti). [f. prec. after 
Sourarity: cf. KF. désstmilartté] — Dissimilar 
quality or nature; unlikeness, difference ; also, an 
instance of this, a point of difference. 

1705 Cueyne Philos. Princ. Relig. 1. xxiv. (1715) 49 The 
acquired principle of dissimilarity must repel these Beings 
.. from their centre. 1806 Syp. Smitu lem. Sk. Alor. 
Philos. (1850) 382 From their great dissimilarity with those 
which preceded them. 1841 Evrninstone //7st. Jd. 1. 97 
Difference of habits and employments is. . sufficient to create 
as great a dissimilarity as exists between the Bramin and the 
Stidra. 18g0 F. Fysu in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps, 1xxxi. 6 
Their dissimilarity to the Egyptians appears at the first view. 
1882 Farrar Larly Chr. 1. 296 It is vain to talk about dif- 
ference of subject .. as furnishing any explanation of these 
dissimilarities. 

Dissimilarly (disi:milasli), a/v. [f. Disst- 
MILAR+-LY2,] In a dissimilar or unlike manner ; 
differently. 

a1770 SMart Hof Garden 1. (R.) Chalky sides With ver- 
dant shrubs dissimilarly gay. J.T. Spracue in Eng. 
Mech. 24 Dec. 341/1 Substances dissimilarly electrified at- 
tract each other, 

+ Dissi-milary, @. (sb.) Obs. [f. Dis- 10 + 
Smtary.] Dissimilar, unlike; heterogeneous. 

1624 F. Wuite Reply Fisher 476 Similarie and dissimilarie 
parts make but one bodie. 1641 Frencu Distiél. v. (1651) 
1og It appears there are dissimilary parts in water. 1660 
R. Coxe Power § Subj. 58 A body compounded of hetero- 
geneous and dissimilary parts. 

B. as sé. = DIssIMILaR sb. 

1661 Fevtuam Resolves (ed. 8) u. Ixxxi, In dissimilaries, 
there is a kind of natural contest that hinders all Prosperity. 

Dissimilate (disi‘mile't), v. rare. . [f. Dis- 4 
+ L. simil-ds like, after ASSIMILATE.] a. trans. 
To make unlike b. zz¢r. To become unlike. 

184r Cariin VN, Amer. Ind. (1844) IL. lviii. 234 It is far 
easier .. for distinct tribes, or languages, grouped and used 
together, to assimilate than to dissimilate, ~ Douse 
Grimm's L. vi. 45 The habit .. of continually substituting 
sl for the s which they as continually hear about them, 
induces in their mind what I shall venture to call a ‘ Dis- 
similating Sentiment’. 

Dissimilation (disimiléi-fan). [n. of action 
f, prec., after assémélation.] The action of making, 
or process of becoming, unlike : opp. to ASSIMILA- 
TION. sfec. a. hzlol. The differentiation of two 
identical sounds occurring near each otherin a word, 
by change of one of them, as in It. pelegrino from 
Lat. peregrinus. b. Biol. Destructive metabolism ; 
katabolism: opp. to ASSIMILATION 4. 

In quot. 1830, used for the preparation of two dissimilar 
sets of papers, to be presented to either belligerent, as 
needed. yifi ¢ 3 

1830 Gat Lawrie 7. u. v. (1849) 57 His misfortune ht 
be .. owing to the dissimilation of the ship's papers. 1874 


ee 


DISSIMILATIVE. 
Sweer & ng Sounds 13 Dissimilation .. by which two iden- 
tical sow are made unlike, or two similar sounds are 


made to diverge. 1885 a Hehn's Wand. Pl. § 
Anim, 476 The modern Latin languages felt .. the need of 
dissimilation. 

“milative, «. i after prec. and assé- 
milative ; see -1VE.] Tending to or causing «lis- 
similation : LF sy in Biol. katabolic. 

In recent Dicts. 


Dissimile (disi-milz), sd. [a. L. déssimile, neut. 
of dissimilis unlike ; after Snnte.] The opposite 
of ‘simile’; a comparison setting forth the dis- 
similarity of things ; a comparison or illustration 
by contrast : see DIssIMILITCDE 2. 

1682 [see Dissimmirs 1659], 1727-51 Cuampers Cre/., 
Dissimilitude, or Dissimili, im rhetoric, etc., an argument, 
wherein, from dissimilar, or unlike things, other dissimilars 
are deduced. 1826 H. N. Corerioce Hest Indies 179 No 
more to be compared to the last .. than I to Hercules, a 
meeting house to a church, W estininster to Eton, or any 
other equally appropriate dissimile. 

issimile, -ill, etc., var. ff. DisstmuLEe v. Ods. 

+ Dissi-milies, sh. pl. Obs. nonce-wd. [ad. 
L. dissimilia unlike things, neut. pl. of dissimilis 
unlike.] Unlike things ; ‘dissimilars’. 

1659 O. WALKER Oratory vi. 63 margin, Dissimilies [1682 
dissimiles] and Contraries, expressed .. By Disjunction. 


Dissimilitude (disimi- litized). [ad. L. disst- 
militido unlikeness, difference, dissimilarity, f. d¢s- 
similis unlike: see -TUDE.] 

1. The condition or quality of being unlike; un- 
ices, difference, dissimilarity ; diversity. 

More Confut. Tindale Wks. 682/2 There is speciall 
disstailinade betwene the sinagoge and y' church, 1 
Brief Exam, + + * iv, Dissimilitude of life and diversitie 
of maners. 1697 tr. Burge rrsdicius his Logic i. xxi. 84 Dis- 
similitude in a diversity either in quality or passion. 1764 
Rein /nguiry vy. viii. Wks. I. 131/2 The colours are perfectly 
distinguishable, and their dissimilitude is manifest. 1 
J. H. Newman //is¢ S&. IL. 1. iti. 50 It often happens that 
men of very dissimilar talents .. are attracted together by 
their very dissimilitude. 5 

b. with a and f/. An instance of dissimilarity. 

1594 Hooker Fec/. Pol. Pref. ii. § 2 Whereupon grew 
marvellous great dissimilitudes. 1642 Howe tt for. / rar. 
(Arb.) 30, I knowe Nature delights and triumphs in dis- 
similitudes. 1759 JOHNSON Rasselas xxvili, New impres- 
sions .. might wear away their dissimilitudes by long co- 
habii 5863 HawtHorne Our Old Home, Leamington 
ree 53 Such places .. bloom only for the summer- 
season, and offer a thousand dissimilitudes even then. 

+2. Adet. A figure of speech in which a com- 
parison is made by contrast. Oés. 

1§89 Puttennam Eng. Poesie i. xix.(Arb.) 248 The Tuskan 
poet vseth this Resemblance, inuring as well by Dissimili- 
tude as Similitude. 1628 T. Srencer Logick 128 This that 
I haue sayd .. is sufficient to shew the .. vse of similitudes, 
and dissimilitudes. 1696 Puitiirs, Dissimilitnde, uniike- 
ness, whence a Form of Speech is so called wherein divers 
things are compared in a diverse Quality. 1727-51 [see 
Dissimice). 

[f. L déssémul- 


+ Dissi‘mulable, a. Oss.—° 


are to dissemble + -BLE.] That may be dissembled. 


1727 in Battey vol. II. ‘i 

7 Dissi-mulance. Chiefly Sc. Obs, Also 
-simil-, -symil-. [ad. L. dissimulantia a dissem- 
bling, f. désstmulare: see DissiMULE and -ANCE.] 
Dissembling, dissimulation. 

1508 Dunsar Gold. Targe 182 Quhen Venus had persauit 
this rebute, Dissymilance scho bad go mak persute. 1513 
DovucGtas neis w. vi. 49 With dissimulance wenyt thow, 
wnfaithfull wycht, Thow mycht haif hid fra me sa fals a 
flycht. 1530 Lynpesay = Papyngy 617 Dissimilance, 
flattry, nor fals reporte. Datreyopce tr. Leslie's Hist. 
Scot. x. 417 That al sal ee vnderstand his wil to be naiket 
and bair of ony couering of dissimulance towards the King. 
1727 Raicey vol. II, Dissimudance, dissembling. 

Dissimular, obs. form of DissiMiLak. 

+Dissimulate, a. Ols. Also 5 -ait, 6 -at, 
disimilate. [ad. iG dissimulat-us, pa . pple. of 
dissimulare ; see next.] Dissembled, higeel, pre- 
tended. 

©1450 Henryson — Fab. 17 This feinzet Foxe, false 
and dissimulate. Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Fals 
feined & distiqvaene te les. 1556 J. Hevwoop ‘Spider & F. 
Lxiii. to Fayre disiantlage show. 1632 Lirucow /rav. tv. 145 
By his dissimulate behaviour, he crept in favour with Chris- 
tians. 1653 R. Baiwue Dissuasive Vind. (1655) 22 [He] 
speaks in a dissimulate and prevaricating way 

Hence + Dissi‘mulately adv. ; + Dissi-mulate- 
ness. 

1549 ComApl. Scot. te 182 3e sal be recompensit .. for jour 
astuce dissymilitnes. ;< Heywoop Spider & F. xxxiii, 
24 The bp spake = “egiee - Thant [i, e, the ant) 

yt 

Dissimulate (disi mistle t), vw [f L. déssé- 
l. stem of dissimulare : see DISSIMULE. 

. the end of 28th c.; not in J., T., nor Webster 


1828.] 
+ 1. trans. To pretend not to sce, leave unnoticed, 
= over, neglect. Ods. rare. 
Lp. Berners Gold. Be. M. Aurel. ix. (R.) That al 


dan forgiuen to theim that be olde and broken, and to 
theim that be be voras and lusty to dissimulate for a time, and 


to be forgiuen to very yong chi 
2. "21S conceal or ve under a feigned ap- 
ice; to dissemble. 
1610 Br. CarLeTon er ae Doms eae 
prisoner when he would haue his estate, he 


510 


by his picture. 1872 Geo. Exior numer 
iii, Public feeling the 
dissimulated red tall barricades of frizzed curls and rent 
1882 Stevenson New. Arab. Nits. (1884) 127 If ever .. he 
described some experience to himself, it was so 
aptly dissimulated as to pass unnoticed with the rest. 
b, intr. To practise dissimulation, to dissemble. 
1796 Mrs. Howett Ansoletta Zadoski 1. 152 He could 
not so far d as to his 
Lytton Lucretia ii, All weakness is prone to dissimulate. 
3. Electr. To conceal the presence of (electricity) 
by neutralizing it; cf. Diseuise z. 8. 
1838 Faravay Exp. Kes, Electr. § 1684 The terms free 
charge and dissimulated Electricity a tie therefore erro- 
neous notions if oy are meant to nrg any difference as 


was knowne 


to the mode or kind of action. /¢ he one [charge] is 
not more free or more dissimulated than abe other, 1870 

T. Spracue in Eng, Mech. 11 Feb. 519/3 The tive 
electricity - . neutralises the positive ..which is thus bound 


of dissimulated, 

Hence Dissi-mulated ///. a. ; Dissi*mulating 
vbl. sb, and ppl. a. 

1794 Miss Gunnine Packet I. 56 The mask..was torn from 

. the dissimulating Mrs. Johnson. 1838 Dissimulated elec- 
tricity [see 3 above]. 1843 Browninc Blot in Scutcheon 1. 
iii, Some rhs leprous spot Will mar the brow’s dissimulat- 
ing. 1874 Mivart Evolution in Contemp, Rev. Oct. 773 The 
long dissimulated Atheism of Mill is now avowed. 

Dissimulation (disimiwlz-fan). Also 4-6 
-symul-, 5-symyl-, 4-6- acion,-acioun, -acyoun, 
-atyon. [a. OF. dissimudation (12th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad. L. dissimulation-em, n. of action from 
dissimulare : see DisStMuLE.] 

1. The action of dissimulating or dissembling ; 
concealment of what really is, under a feigned sem- 
blance of something different; feigning, hypocrisy. 

¢ 1386 Craucer Sompn. T. 415 He wolde pat the frere had 
been on fire With his false dissymulacion. 1393 Gower 
Conf. 1. 
-. Lam pus wickedly deceiued. 1494 Fanyan Chron, v1. 
ccev. 217 Thus with shame he ended, that in falshode and 
dissymylacion had contynued moche of his lyfe. 1538 
Starkey England 11. ii. 191 Hys owne clyent .. by hys dys- 
symulatyon and fare wordys was interteynyd in long sute. 
1611 Biste Nom. xii. g Let loue be without dissimulation, 
1710 SteeLe 7 atler No, 213 ? 1 Simulation is a Pretence of 
what is not, and Dissimulation a Concealment of what is. 
1780 Cowrer Jadle 7. 129 Smooth ray ae skilled to 
grace A devil's purpose with an angel's face. Froupe 
Hist. Eng. 1. 238 An indifferent master of the peat of dis- 
simulation to which he was reduced. ; 

b. with @ and f/. An instance of this; an act 
of dissembling. Ods. or arch. 

¢ 1384 Cuaucer /. Fame 1. 179 Moo dissymulacions And 
feyned reparacions. ¢ 1400 Three Kings Cologne 13 Pe kyng 
Ezechias of verry Innocency of hert made a dissimilation. 
1582 N. Licneriep tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. \xiii. 
129a, Ail those dissimulations which he did vse. 

+c. Dissimulated or disguised form. Ods. rare. 

1671 Mitton /”. X. 1. 497 Satan, bowing low His gray dis- 
simulation, disappeared Into thin air diffused. 

+ 2. A fanciful name for a ‘ company ’ or flock of 
small birds. Ods. 

1486 Bk. St, Albans F vyja, A Dissimulacion of breddis. 
1688 R. Houme 4 rmoury 1. 311/1 A flock of small Birds, or 
a dissimulation of Birds. 

Dissimulative (disimiltiv), a. rare. [f. 
L. stem dissimu/at-: see DIssiMULATE v. and -IVE.] 
Given to, or characterized by, « dissimulation. 

1802 Mrs. E. Parsons Myst. Visit, 1V. 163 Tired of the 
dissimulative life he had been compelled to observe. 1872 
Miss Brappvon &. A insleigh xv, The man was past-master 
of all dissimulative arts. 

Dissimulator (disimisle'tar). Also 6 -our. 
[ad. L. déssimudator a dissembler, agent-n. from 
dissimulare. Cf. mod.¥. dissimulateur.] One who 
dissimulates or feighs ; a dissembler. 

1s00-20 Dunnar Poems xikx. 1 Off the falis fox dissimvla- 
tour, Kynd hes every theiff and tratour. 1799 Mrs. J.West 
Tale of Times U1. 145 To drive the mean dissimulator from 
the affected decency of deism into the bold audacity of 
atheism. 1827 Lp. Lyrron /’edham \xvii, Dissimulator as I 
was to others,_I was like a guilty child before the woman I 


loved, 1867 Swives Huguenots Eng. iii.(1880) 45 peda beg 
mother, being a profound dissimulator, appeared 


posed to bargain with the Reformed. 

+ Dissi‘mule, v. Oés. Also 4-6 dissy-, 
dissumule, -symyl, dyssymyl(e, 5-6 euepl, 
dissymyl e,6dis- dyssimill,-symell,.Sv.-simull, 
-symile, -semle, -semmil. fa. OF. dissimule-r 
(14th c. in Littré), ad. L. dissimulare to disguise, 
conceal, dissemble, f. dis-, Dis- 4 + simulare to 
feign, after dissimil-is unlike, different. By de- 
bass — of 6 after m, and vowel modification, this 

dually changed into DIssEMBLE, qv.) 

v phn) ‘o alter the semblance of (one’s gop 
actions, etc.) so as to conceal or deceive; to 
guise under a fei — semblance; = DIsSEMBLE v. + 


cr connces dus. 322 His ‘wo he dissimulen 
and Cannan a xvi. 65 sholde doo 
this chentiy, in dyssym myn their ay Lo. 
Berners //non \xxxii. 254 ge vayleth 


not. @1§57 Mrs. M, Basser tr. More's Treat assion 

x37 a(t En tae either to professe their beliefe, or 

falselye to dissimull it. 1666 HotLaNnp Seton, 120 In part to 

dissimule and ago) his weakenesse, 
b. with zn/. 

1388 Wycuir ers xX. 


hym to here. 
1570 BucHANAN Ane (dialed 


(:852) 23 People.. 


4 O derke ypocrisie, Thurgh whos dissimulacion | 
| fole or to dyssymylle folye i in tyme and i 


| ally that it appeare to the world that 


DISSIPABLE. 


oy professis yame selffis in deid, and dissimulis in word to 
ennemeis to > God and to justice. 

2. Ja.sbes the ouiwanl sppecieee af (a person 
or thing); to disguise ; = DissEMBLE 

3483 Caxton Chas. ge aa: Wena eames 
thou thy self lyke to the poure 1548 Gest /’r, 
Masse 120 A king renounceth to be honourcd as a king 
when he dyssymeleth.. hys personage and maiestye royall. 

3. To pretend not to see or notice ; to overlook, 
— ; = DISSEMBLE 3. hep 

titage Kat ate Tour (1868) sooThe duke tha save her 


sym ne to la’ at and dissymyled her request 

kd ee i ow kee a io8) xxi. 234 If 4 
suffre & dyssymule ony e euyll in subgectes. 1: 
Inst. Chr. Man Lvjb, ny rete -wol ke thent, sad dine 
mule it. 1636 B. oxson Discov., Morbi ix. rp Xo. in the 
church, some errors may dissimuled with incon- 
venience then they can be discover'd. 


b. intr. with with, in same sense. 

1558 Q. Kennevie Compend. Tract. in Wodr, Soc. Misc. 
1844 I. 142 Magistratis dissimulis .. with the faltis of the 
subjectis. 

4. absol. or intr. To practise dissimulation ; 
= DISSEMBLE 4. 

1374 Cnaucer Treylus m. 385 (4 So wel ol Sone he 
rise € 1386 — Manciple's 7. 243 hou were 
deef, if that thou heere A Iangler. he gob ly Curiall 2 
They that conne dyssymyle .. use better theyr tyme in 
courtes than the other peple. 1513 Dovucias Anes 1. vi. 

21 And to dissymill (ed. 1555 dissemmil] gif ony askit quhy. 
1624 Brief Inform. Affairs Palatinate 5: Vnto the Princes 

he dissimuled, and would not be knowne of the same con- 


ditions. 
b. const. with. (See also 3b.) 

1471 Close Roll 10 Edw. /V’, 31 Mar., They dissimuled 
with his said Highness. 1582 . Licnerten tr. Castan- 
heda’s Cong. FE. Ind. xxxvi. 86a, He dissimuled therewith 
onely to see whether.. he might lade there or no. 

5. trans. To simulate, feign; = DISSEMBLE 5. 

1483 Caxton Cato F iij b, Thou oughtest to make the a 

the 
thynge requyreth it. xrg7o-1 Act 11 Elis (Bolton Stat. 
/rel, (1621) 311) His demaunds were yon to condition- 
ment faithfully .. 

which being dissimuled till the first of May [etc.} 

b. with sudord. cl. or inf. phr. = DISSEMBLE 5b. 

¢ 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode = ates vy i 4 179 He™ 4 
gladliche a fauce visa, he dissimuleth ag bye 

dig, aloe no fener xix. 71 Why is it that 


a briht angel. 
I dyssymule to go a oute from my wyttes? 1553 Even 
Treat. Newe ind. (Arb.) 36 pcg dissimuling thei 


dich* 


desired to ioyne fi with the 

6. trans. To feign, invent, zs up falsely. rare. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 314 b/a An illusion or an Inuen- 
cion dissimyled of his brethren ‘the Freres. 

“| 7. In the later Wycliffite version used to repre- 
sent dissimulare of the Vulgate, where the sense 
of the original is ‘linger’ and ‘leave off, cease’. 

1388 Wyciir Gen. xix. 16 While he dissymelide [x xgé hym 
denyinge] thei token his hond. —1 Sam, xxiii. 13 
sy! ashes [1382 laft) to go out. 

Hence + Dissi:muling 2d/. sb. and ffi. a. = Dis- 
SEMBLING. 

¢ 1374 Cnaucer Troylus y. 1613, Whiche I shal with dissi- 
mulynge amende. ¢ 1386 — Sgr.'s 7. 277 Swich subtil look- 
yng and eneyeraate, cxsts Cocke Lorell’s B. (Percy 

.) 1x Dyssymulynge beggers. 1563 Foxe A. 4 Mf. 749b, 
His subtile practises. .and dissimuling conueiance, 
+ Dissi‘muled, f//.a. Obs. a: rh 


= DISSEMBLED. 


colour of hi 2 dicdnele sanctite, and 

miracles, traitorously intended to distroy. .the echt up wi 

Haut Chron., Hen. V (an. an. ap) 2068, seh a 
rd, in poore habite, i 


yo ASHINGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. mule’ te 

reac t's "Bade So nde The di i wal oe 
OTT ouddier 24 issim' peace 

poy he Princes. 

2. That has “saianell a Dldgulert false ; charac- 


terizéd oy tena Pap oe 


1500-20 Dunnar Poems xxvi. 47 Him penn mon 
dissymlit, With it wirdis rod oer! os Set 
vii. 71 Thai haue sc sl gray sy and 
pt Ne dew eben hm wal an 5 2 


7 Disa} mule. | on Also +5 sour, 5 
muler, 6 


false morderour.. ffalse 
et virtue ay | Kaew Bir aha bl 
x Syma ta Thon Pl 


Bk. Com ae Latimer 
~ | (da 88cm: Pragr, id deers agg 
+ Dissi‘new, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7 a.] trans. 
poy x i A 

‘atts tr. Bacon's ¥ vil. 

ir eae aia 
be Peng caafe: inde, and dissinewing the : 
+ Dissipable, ¢. Os. [ad. L. ili's, £, 
—~ Dissipate.] Princ may be ep. 
ehin'tad apr'te ta Giapeoaad: reset Acne 


DISSIPATE. 


23 An idle life doth make the flesh soft and dissipable. 1696 
Waiston Th, Earth 1. (1722) 54 Comets do not wholly con- 
sist of Vapours, exhalations, or such other dissipable matter. 
rxo T. Futter Pharm, Extemp. 237 Condensing and 
fixing the dissipable. + ' ; 

Hence + Dissipabi'lity, capability of being dis- 
sipated. 

1659 H. More Jmmort. Soul (1662) 87 Not onely the 
fluidity of parts, but also their dissipability. 


Dissipate (di'sipeit), v. [f. L. disspat- ppl. 
stem of diss¢pare to spread abroad, scatter, disperse, 
f. Dis- 1 + archaic vb. sepdire, sifare to throw, 
throw about, scatter. Cf. F. d/sstper (14th c.).] 

1. “rans. To scatter ; to drive or cause to go off 
in all directions ; to disperse (that which has been 


concentrated). arch. 
1534 tr. Pol, Verg. Eng. Hist,(Camden) 199 ning Richerd 
. having gatherid a huge host..because he wold not dissy- 
pate his forces .. resolvyd [etc.], _@ 1635 NAuNTON /ragi. 
Keg. (Arb.) 24 She [Mary] both dissipated and persecuted 
the major part of her Brothers Councel. 1687 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 2270/6 They have pressed and dissipated’ the Ships 
Company .. about 70 in number. _ 1725 Pore Odyss. vi, 160 
Alion.. Springs o’er the fence, and dissipates the fold. 1822 
Lams Evia Ser. 1. Mod. Gallantry, Yo pick up her wander- 
ing fruit, which some unlucky dray has just dissipated. 
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. II. iv. v. (1872) 161 Several have 
dissipated themselves, whithersoever they could. 
b. intr. (for refl.) To pass away in all directions; 


(of a company) to disperse. 

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 63 Those shelves of 
sand, which do dissipate, and are spent in the sea, 1679 
Lauderdale Papers (1885) 111. xciv. 163 The officers of the 
*Dragoones required y™ in the King's names to Dissipate, 
1704 Appison /faly 250 Woods that enclos’d the Lake, and 
hinder’d these noxious Steams from dissipating. 1837 Car- 
Lyte Fr, Rev. I. ww. iii. (1872) 114 At sight of the. .Switzers, 
Saint-Antoine dissipates ; Rastily, in the shades of dusk. 

+2. trans. To scatter in defeat; to disperse in 
flight, to rout. Ods. 

* 1602 WARNER A/b, Eng. xu. Ixxv, The once ship-bearing 
Ley, by Alfred slu'ste in Three, To dissipate the Dane 
 foacoam 1670 Mitton Hist, Eng. 1. Wks. (1847) 4903/1. The 

gion .. quickly broke and dissipated what oppos’d them, 
1745-9 Rep. Cond, Sir $. Cofe 120 Able to tell his Majesty 
.. that you have dissipated a Rebellion in Scotland. 1789 
Cowrer Ann, Memorad, 6 Chiefs, whose single arm could 
boast Prowess to dissipate a host. 

3. To dispel by dispersion or minute diffusion 
(mist, clouds, etc.) ; to cause to disappear ; to dis- 
perse or ‘discuss’ (humours, etc). 

1532 More Confut. Vindale Wks. 4or/2 They wil clerely 
dissipate and discusse the myst. 160r Hotianp P/iny IIL. 
262 ‘he root of marsh Mallow, doth dissipate and scatter 
all gatherings of humors to an impostume. 1696 tr. Dz 
Mont’s Voy. Levant 116, A thick and black Smoak ..was 
dissipated in a Moment. 1732 Arsutunor Xules of Diet 

12 Restoring as much Water to the Blood as is dissipated 

y the Heat, 1810 SHELLEY Zastrozzi iv, Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 
at The rays of the lamp but partially dissipated the dark- 
ness. 1875 Lyell's Princ. Geol. 1. 1. cccxvil. 396 When the 
acid is dissipated in the atmosphere. 

b. fig. and ¢vansf. To dispel (care, fear, doubt, 
or anything compared to cloud or darkness). 

1691 HartciirFe Virtues 165 Such Companions, as shall 
.. dissipate our sorrows with their innocent Mirth. 1710 
Sree.e 7atlerNo. 4 ? 8 [It] has dissipated the Fears of 
that People, 1828 D'Israr.i Chas. /, I. iv. 78 Cool shades 
and exquisite viands in a moment dissipated heat and 
hunger. 183r Brewster Vat, Magic v. (1833) 103 This illu- 
sion may be dissipated by a process of reasoning. 18 
Macautay Hist, Eng. 1V. 381 To dissipate his melancholy 
by breathing the fresh air of that noble terrace. 

¢c. intr. To pass away by minute dispersion or 
diffusion ; to disappear. 

1626 Bacon Sylvu § 632 The Spirits doe but weaken and 
dissipate, when they come to the Aire and Sunne. os 
Howe tt Dodona's Gr. (1645) 138 Libels neglected quickly 
find their own graves, and disipat to ayr. 1758 J. S. Le 
Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 239 The Hardness sensibly 
dissipated. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt I. xx. 323 Ina few weeks 
.. the public prejudice began to dissipate. 1878 B. ‘Taytor 
Deukatlion i. ti, Death and decay are things ‘That dissipate 
beneath thy radiant eye. 

4. trans. To disintegrate and reduce to atoms, 
dust, smoke, or impalpable form; to destroy or 
dissolve completely, undo, annul (material or im- 
material objects). 

— Divorce Hen. VIII, 45 This matrimony 
ug 


t not in any wise to have been dissipated and dis- 
solved. 3638 Sir T. Hernert 77av, (ed. 2) 260 Fire is 
— to a trayne .. and at length dissipates and blowes up 
the detested Syrian [an effigy]. 1647 Jer. Tavtor Dissuas. 
Popery ii. § 4 (T.) The legate .. revoked and dissipated all 
former grants. 1651 /xdler’s Abel Rediv., Chytraeus 419 
The Wars .. breaking forth .. the University of Wittenburg 
was dissipated by reason of the same. 1692 Ray Disso/. 
World i. i. (1732) 303 Shall the Heavens and Earth be 
wholly dissipated and destroyed. 1798 Matruvus Popul. 
(1817) I, 318 Violent. hurricanes, by which whole harvests 
are dissipated, 1869 Pritiirs Vesuv. iii. 45 The crater itself 
was dissipated in the convulsion. tan 

b. intr. (for vefl.) To become disintegrated ; to 
moulder to dust or impalpable atoms, 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 33 If it gave over its 
work .. it would soon dissolve, dissipate and corrupt. 1880 
Disraett Endym. ix, His whole position .. seemed to dis- 
solve, and dissi into insignifi frag: 

5. trans, Toscatter or consume wastefully (money, 
tesources, faculties) ; to waste, squander. 

1682 Burnet Rights Princes ii. 68 The Goods of the 
Church might not be dissipated. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 


511 


I, viii. 175 The prelate had dissipated money beyond the 
income of his place. 1781 Gipson Decl. & F. 11. Ixi. 550 
The elder brothers dissipated their wealth in romantic ad- 
ventures, 1852 THACKERAY /smond 1. ii, He had dissipated 
his small paternal inheritance. 1878 Bosw. Smitn Car‘hage 
99 Rome could not yet afford so to dissipate her energy. 

b. intr. (for refl.) 

r62zz F. Markxuam Bk. War. v. vi. § 2. 182 The Kings 
‘Treasure... which by any lavishnes of an .. vnrestrained 
hand will soone dissipate. 

6. ¢rans. To scatter or distract (attention, thought, 
mental or practical activity) by variety of objects ; 
to fritter away. The opposite of to concentrate. 

1683 Burnet More's Utopia (1684) 191 Their Priests think 
that too much light dissipates the thoughts. 1751 Jonson 
Rambler No. 153 ® 4 ‘That application which had hitherto 
been dissipated in general knowledge. 1769 Burke Corr. 
(1844) I. 182 Various matters have so dissipated me as to 
hinder me from a vigorous pursuit of this object. c¢1790 
Wittock Voy. 285 The great variety .. deranges and dissi- 
pates those powers, that in a state of nature have only one 
object, 185x Cartyte Sterling 1. xii, (1872) 75 A gifted 
amiable being .. in danger of dissipating himself into the 
vague. 1883 Pall Mal/G. 18 Dec. 2 Thought may be dis- 
ee into a number of apergus. : 

. intr, To practise dissipation; to engage in 
frivolous or (now usually) dissolute pleasures. 

1836 ‘T. 
spirits, so I dissipated in a glass of negus and a_ biscuit. 
1839 Marryat Diary Amer, Ser. 1. IL, 224 He dissipates 
awfully. 1859 Sata 72. round Clock (1861) 408 ‘The place 
is not harmless ; people go there to dissipate, and do dis- 
sipate. 

Hence Di'ssipating v7. sb. and ffi. a. 

1657 Cowtey Dé. Buckhm., In dissipating Storms, and 
routed Battels they Did..constant with their Captain stay. 
1818 G. S. Faner Horae Alosaice 1. 214 ‘The mixed and dis- 
sipating society of a palace. 1891 Sfectator Mar., ‘The 
education of the day is of a somewhat dissipating type. 

+ Di‘ssipate, 7//.a. Obs. [ad. L. disstpat-us, 
pa. pple. of dissipare; or short for dissipated : see 
the yb.]_ = Disstparep. 

1606 G. W[ooncockr] tr. //ist. Justine Ep. Ded. Aiv a, So 
dissipate and large Countries, so rich and populous Citties, 
1619 Bainsripce Descr. Late Comet 10 The Sunne rayes 
were there alwayes more dissipate then in the Comet. 1715 
Wodrow Corr. (1843) I. 101 The best of the rebels’ men 
are dissipate and cut off. 1765 /eti/, in Mest, Gaz. 
28 Dec. (1894) 8/1 The means employed. .in our youth for our 
instruction in religion and virtue are wholly dissipate. 


Dissipated, 7//. a. [f. prec. vb. +-ED 1] 
1. Dispersed, scattered, dispelled, wasted, frittered 
away. 


1609 Biste (Douay) /sa. xxxiii. 8 The wayes are dissi- 
pated, the passenger by the path hath ceased. 1659 Pi:ar- 
SON Creed (1839) 521 So did they think a resurrection of 
corrupted, dissolved, and dissipated bodies, to be .. im- 
possible. 1683 Howr Let. to Lady Russell in H. Rogers 
Life viii. (1863) 201 ‘Vo recollect ourselves, and recover our 
dissipated spirits. @xz1z Ken Hysns Festiv. Poet. Wks. 
1721 I. 387 At the great Day of all the Just, You shall 
collect the dissipated Dust. 1738 Jotnson London 20 OF 
dissipated wealth the small remains. 1791 Mrs. RapvciirFE 
Rom. Forest (1806) 111, xix. 195 Adeline .. had now recol- 
lected her dissipated thoughts. 1871 Morey Voltaire 
(1886) 58 Freedom of thinking was only an empty watch- 
word, the name for a dissipated fashion. 

+b. Devoid of concentration. 

1748 Cuesterr. Le/t. (1792) I. clxxv. 150 Many young 
people are so light, so dissipated, and so incurious, that they 
can hardly be said to see what they see. 

2. Given to or characterized by dissipation ; dis- 
solute. 

1744 Jounson L. P., Savage Wks. 1796 X. 400 An 
irregular and dissipated manner of life had made him the 
slave of every passion. 1784 Cowper 7ask 11. 376 Who 
seeks A social, not a dissipated life, 1788 Wrstry Serv. 
Ixxix. Dissipation, King Charles the second, one of the 
most dissipated mortals that ever breathed. 1848 C. BrontE 
¥. Eyre x, A dissipated young man, 1848 Mrs. Jameson 
Sacr. §& Leg. Art (1850) 183 Augustine passed his restless 
youth in dissipated pleasures and desultory studies. 1865 
ALForp in “— (1873) 384 We are making out a dissipated 
week at the Macnaughten’s. e 


Dissipater. Also 6 -our, 7-or. [f. Disst- 
PATE v.+-ER!; cf. F.déssipateur (15th c. in Littré), 
L. disstpator disperser, destroyer.] One who orthat 
which dissipates, disperses, or scatters; one that 


squanders or wastes. 

1537, Latimer Serm. bef. Convocation Wks. I. 35 Be these 
the faithful dispensers of goddis misteries, and nat rather fals 
dissipatours of them? 1633 Ames Ags¢. Cerem.1.7 Samma 
and Hilles, prophane dissipators of Gods Law. 1799 w. 
‘Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXVIII. 516 A dissipater of his 
patrimony. 1824 Scorr St. Roxan's xv. 1894 Barinc-GouLp 
Deserts S. France 1, 86 The atmosphere when dry is the 
best .. dissipater of the noxious elements. 

Dissipation (disipz'fon).  [ad. L. déssipation- 
em, n. of action from dissipare to DisstpatTE. Cf. 
F. dissipation (16th ¢.).] 

+1. The action of dissipating or dispersing ; a 
scattering ; the fact of being dispersed; dispersed 
condition. Ods. 

1545 Jove Exp. Dan. xii. (R.) Subuersions of empires & 
kingdoms, skatterings and dissipacions of nacions. 1605 
Suaxs. Lear t. ii. 161 Banish of friends, dissipation of 
cohorts, nuptial breaches. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 598 Foule 
dissipation follow’d and forc’t rout. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. 
Man. un. iii. 143 Peleg, in whose time the famous dissipation 
of Mankind and distinction of Languages hapned. 1760 
C. Jounston Chrysal (1822) II. 214 In this dissipation I fell 
to the lot of one of the officers. 


Hook G. Gurney 1. 274, I was rather out of 


DISSIPATIVITY. 


b. Optics. The scattering or dispersion of rays 
of light. Czrcle, radius of dissipation : see quots. 

1748 Harttey Observ. Alan t, ii. 219 Narrow the Pupil of 
the Eye, i. e. lessen the Radius of Dissipation, 1753 Cuam- 
BERS Cycl. Supp. s.v., Circle of Dissipation .. is used for 
that circular space upon the retina, which is taken up by 
one of the extreme pensils of rays issuing from an object .. 
Radius of Dissipation, the radius of the circle of Dissipa- 
tion. 1794 G. Apams Nat. §& /xf. Philos. 11. xvii. 3 
The circular spaces .. illuminated by pencils of rays .. are 
called circles of dissipation, 1867 J. HocG A/verosc. 1. ii. 
22 Produced by the central rays falling in a circle of dissi- 
pation, before they have come to a focus. 

2. The passing away or wasting of a substance, 
or form of energy, through continuous dispersion or 
diffusion, 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 94 The substance of the whole 
body hath a necessary diffluence and dissipation, as well by 
the in bred heate. .as also by the outward aire. ¢1790 Imison 
Sch. Art I, 62 In this case, the dissipation of the electricity 
is not so considerable. 1881 Maxweii “lectr. §& Alagn. 
I. 45 Coulomb investigated the law of dissipation. 188 
Sir W. THomson in Nature No. 619. 441 Losing .. 20 per 
cent of this [energy] by the generation and dissipation of 
heat through the conductor. 

attrib, 1879 Dissipation-function [see Dissirativity]. 

3. Reduction to atoms or to an impalpable con- 
cition; complete disintegration or dissolution, 

1597 Hooker Eee? Pol. v. Ixv. § 15 ‘Vhe dissipation of 
Idols .. they were fashioned of matter, subiect vito 
corruption, therefore to grinde them to dust was easie. 
1647 H. More Philos. Poems, Democr. Platon. Pref., 
‘The dissipation of the whole frame of Nature into dis- 
joynted dust. @ 1656 Br. Hatt Nem, Wks. (1660) 315 ‘To 
hear of the least danger of the dissipation of your Church, 
1680 H. More A focal. Apec. 189 An utter ruine and dissi- 
pation of this Idolatrous City. azgir Ken //yinnarinuin 
Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 52 Saints no Dissipation fear, Who to 
the Boundless one adhere. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace iv. 
Wks. IX. 26 ‘The dissipation of France into .. a cluster of 
petty Republicks. 1875 E. Waive Life ix Christ i. xxi. 
(1876) 325 Another attempt to reconcile this expression of 
our Lord with the idea of dissipation of the soul. 

4, Wasteful expenditure or consumption of 
money, means, powers, faculties, cte.; squander- 
ing, waste. 

1639 ‘I’. Brucis tr. Cams’ Moral Relat. 351 [Almsgiving] 
must be done fitly .. Otherwise it were rather a dissipation 
then a distribution. 1677 Have Prin, Orig. Man. 1. i. 13 
Means that our Faculties might use without dissipation, 
distraction, or too great astonishment. @1715 Burner Own 
Time (1766) I. 339 ‘Vhere had been such a dissipation of 
treasure. 1785 Pacey J/or. Philos. v. ix, Nothing but 
stupidity or the most frivolous dissipation of thought. 1893 
W. Lewin in Bookinan June 85,2 Avoiding any wasteful 
dissipation of his powers. 

5. Distraction of the mental faculties or energies 
from concentration on serious subjects: at first often 
with colourless sense, as the scattering or distraction 
of attention, or with laudatory sense, as the dispel- 
ling of melancholy or sadness; diversion, amuse- 
ment; but later implying the frittcring away of 
energies or attention upon frivolities, and thus 
gradually passing into sense 6 ; also, with a and //., 
a distraction ; a diversion; a frivolous amusement. 

1733 Swirt Le/, 28 May, I have begun two or three letters 
..and been prevented from finishing them by a thousand 
avocations and dissipations. 1742 Younc Vt. 7%. vit. 949 
While Noise, and Dissipation, comfort Thee. 1748 Cues- 
terF, Lett. 11. clv. 55 Iam going to Cheltenham tomorrow 
.-for the dissipation and amusement of the journey. 1759 
Jounson Rasselas xi, Change of place. .inevitably produces 
dissipation of mind. 1768 Beatrie A/insty. ut. xxvii, In the 
giddy storm of dissipation toss'd. 1788 WesLEy Si 


ay Sevm. 
Dissipation Wks. 1872 VI. 445 We hear of the still ir 
ing dissipations. .the word..was hardly heard of fifty years 
ago..And yet it is so in every one’s mouth, that it is already 
worn threadbare; being one of the cant words of the day. 
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. iv. 60 Nothing would 
be of so much service to her spirits, as a little dissipation. 
1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. v. ix. III. 289 He was 
not born for the amusements and dissipations of the world. 
1876 Ouina Winter City iii. 59 Art had remained with her 
rather an intellectual dissipation than a tenderness. 

6. Waste of the moral and physical powers by 
undue or vicious indulgence in pleasure; intem- 
perate, dissolute, or vicious mode of living. 

1784 Cowrer ask 1.770 A task That bids defiance to the 
united powers Of fashion, dissipation, taverns, stews. 1791 
Mrs. Rapcuirre Row. Forest i, Ina few years his fortune 
and affection were equally lost in dissipation. 1837 Dickens 
Pickw. P. ii, ‘'wpman was not jn a condition to rise, after 
the unwonted dissipation of the previous night. 1861 M, 
Pattison Zss. (1889) I. 47 Severer penalties awaited drunken- 
ness, dissipation, or dicing. 1894 Sir W. Grecory A nfo- 
biog. v. 89 He died young, worn out by dissipation. 

Dissipative, ¢. [f. L. dissipat- ppl. stem: 
see DISSIPATE v, and -IVE.] Tending to dissipate, 
having the property of dissipating. 

sae A tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 147 These concretes do 
breathe out .. an Armoniack, or dissipative scent. 1839-44 
Tupper Proverb. Philos. (1852) 373 The dissipative fashions 
of society. 1873 H. Spencer Std. Sociol. xiii. 324 Certain 
actions which go on in the first are cumulative, instead of 
being, as in the second, dissipative. 1889 RusseLt in Va- 
ture 21 Nov. 6r The apparently dissipative action of the 
air on London smoke. : 4 

Hence Dissipati-vity (in Physics), a quantity 
expressing the rate of dissipation of energy: also 
called dissipation-unction. 

Tuomson & Tart Nat. PAii. 1.1. § 345 [This] function 
of the velocities ., has been called by Lord Rayleigh the 


DISSIPE. 


Dissipation Function. We prefer to call it Dissipativity. 
It expresses the rate at which the palpable energy of our 
d cycloidal s; is .. di d away into other 


PP © 
forms of energy. 

+ Di'ssipe, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. dissipe-r, or 
ad. L. disstp-are.] =Dissipate v. trans. and intr. 

1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 381 The vaines of the head 
being opened, letteth generation, because of the animal 
spirits which dissipe. 1612 Syivester Panaretus, I have 
oft seene armies dissiped. . 

+ Dissite, a. Ods. [ad. L. disstt-us lying apart, 
f, Dis- 1 + s¢tus placed, situate, i, pple. of stnére 
to allow, let, orig. (it is supposed) ‘ to let, put, lay, 
or set down’.] Situated apart; distant, remote. 

1600 Hottanp Livy xxvt. xx. 599 They [Carthaginians] 
had betaken themselves into their wintering harbours far 
dissite and remote asunder. 1610 — Camden's Brit. (1637) 

6 Britaine .. Far dissite from this world of ours. ag 

HAPMAN Odyss. vil. 270 His natural land (Without more 
toil or care, how far hence dissite Soever it can be) he 
may ascend. 1657 Tomiinson Xenou's Disp. 133 From 
the brain, or parts more dissite. 

Also 6 dise-, 


+ Dissi‘tuate, a. Os. rare. 
[Dis- 1.] Removed from its situation or site, dis- 
placed. So + Dissituated ///. a. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 75 No Trophy remaining, 
no stone but discituate. 1623 Cockeram, Discituated, 
displaced, ouerturned, 

Disslander, var. DIscLANDER, Ods. 

+ Disslee'p, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 7 + SLEEP 
sb.] trans. To rouse from sleep, swoon, or death. 

1616 J. Lane Cont. Sgr.'s 7. x. Argt. (1888) 161 Great 
murninge for Cambuscans losse of liefe ; Kinge Thotobun 
him wondrouslie dissleepes. 

sociability. rave. [f. next + -1Ty.] 

+1. The opposite of sociability ; unsociableness. 

1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. u. vi, Universal prejudice 
had made men regard a refusal of this intercommunity as the 
most brutal of all dissociability. 1757 Brett /rtendly Call to 
the Roman Catholics in Ireland 12 (1...) This dissociability, 
this dogmatizing, cruel, enslaving principle, is that which 
makes popery so very dreadful. : 

2. Capability of being dissociated, 

In recent Dicts. 

Dissociable (sce below), a. [In sense 1, f. 
Dis- 10+ SociaBLe, app. after F. d#ssoctable (Mon- 
taigne, 16th c.) in same sense; in senses 2 and 3, 
f. L. dissociare to dissociate: cf. L. dissoctabrlis 
that cannot be united.] 

1. (dissou-fab'l) The reverse of sociable, not 


companionable, unsociable. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne, There is nothing so dis-sociable 
and sociable as man, the one for his vice, the other for his 
nature. 1632 Burton Anat. Mel, (ed. 4) Mm. iv. 1. ii, His 
Janisary Jesuits, that dissociable society, 1711 Appison 
Spect. No. 3? 6 They came in two by two. .matched in the 
most dissociable Manner. 1860 Cham, Yrnl. XIV. 353 
Our insular dissociable habits. : 

2. That tends to separate or dissociate. [=L. 
dissoctabilis in active sense.) rare. 

1835 Kirny Had, § Just, Anim. 1. ii. 57 The student of 
his own species might be tempted sometimes to roam, but 
the ocean would be truly dissociable. [After Horace’s 
oceano dissociabili.) 1872 A. D. Caruste Round World 
xix. 230 The mild Pacific was the only [ocean] whose 
*dissociable’ influence was still unbroken, 

8. (disou'fiab’l) Capable of being dissociated ; 
separable. 

1833 G. Wavpincton //ist. Ch. xiii. 212 Two forms of 
worship essentially dissociable. 1853 /raser’s Mag. XLVIL. 
560 Elements not dissociable by human means. 1894 Wests. 
Gaz. 20 Dec. 7/2 Surely it is a dangerous thing to say that 
sport and betting are not dissociable. 

Hence Disso’ciableness, unsociableness, 

1866 CarLyLe Remin., Irving 1. go, 1..had the character of 
morose dissociableness, 


Dissocial (disséu-fal), a. [f. D1s- 10 + Soctan 
a. Cf. rare L. dissocéalis irreconcilable, repugnant. ] 
The reverse of social ; disinclined or unsuitable for 


society ; unsocial. 

1762 Kames Elem. Crit, I. ii. 65 Where revenge flames so 
high as_to have no other aim than the destruction of its 
object, it is no longer selfish ; but in opposition to a social 
passion may be termed dissocial, /67/, 9x Hatred and 
other dissocial passions. 1788 Rein Act. Power's v. vi. 666 
Without it man would the most dissocial animal God 
has made, 1825 CartyLe Schiller Misc. (1872) III. 91 His 
habits. .though far from dissocial, were solitary, ; 

Hence Dissocia‘lity (dissdufijeliti), the quality 
of being dissocial; Disso’cialize v., to render 
dissocial, 

1804 Soutuey in Ann. Rev, II. 210 Let us examine their 
practice, its dissocializing character [etc.]. 1812 T. Jerrer- 
son Writ, (1830) 1V. 167 Why should we be dissocialized 
by mere differences in opinion? 1825 CartyLe Schiller 
Mise, (1872) IIT, 82 Self-seclusion, dissociality and even 

sitive misanthropy. 1826 Sourney Lett. to Butler 405 
ecrees of the most dissocializing and inh character. 

Dissociant (disdufant), [ad. L. dissocéant-em, 
pres. pple. of dissocédre to DissoctatE.] (See quot.) 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dissociants, a term pplied in Micro- 
scopy to those agents which have the power to loosen the 
texture and to separate the elements of the structures which 
are placed in them, such as ‘ Miiller’s solution.’ 

Disso'ciate, f//. a. rare. [ad. L. dissociat-us, 
pa. pple. of dissoczare: see next.) = DIssocraTED. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm, Par. Fohn xiv. (R.) You..whom 
I wil not suffre to be dissociate or disseuered from me, 
1815 SHELLEY Pr. Wés, (1888) II, 193 Neither the dream 


512 


ee | 


could be dissociate from the pe, nor the landscape 

from the dream. 1895 Daily News 1 Feb. 7/5 Nitrogen 

existed partly in an ‘allotropic’ or in a ‘ dissociate * form. 
tb. Astrol. (see quot.). 

1819 Jas. Witson Dict. Astrol., Dissociate signs, those 
that by being 1 or 5 signs distant, have no aspect to each 
other; thus ‘~ is dissociate with %, & , WP, and MN]. 

Dissociate (disdwfije't), v. Uf L. dissociat- 
ppl. stem of déssoctare to separate from fellowship, 
f, Dis- 1 + soctare to join together, associate: ef. 
prec., and see -aATE36.] 

1. “rans. To cut off from association or society ; 
to sever, disunite, sunder, Const. from. 

1623 Cockxeram, Dissociate, to separate. 1628 FectHam 
Resolves u. xxxvi, Grief .. does dissociate man, and sends 
him with beasts to the lonelinesse of unpathed desarts. 
1710 I’. Futter Pharm. Extemp, 296 These Earths mix in 
with it [the Bile] and dissociate it. 1768-74 Tucker 1.4. Nat. 
(1852) II. 313 Our very wants and desires, which first bring 
us together, have a tendency likewise to dissociate us. 1863 
Miss Brappon Eleanor’s Vict. 11. iv. 54 Eleanor Vane 
could not dissociate the two images. = Green Short 
Hist. vi. § 4. 303 It was the first time .. that religion had 
formally dissociated itself from the ambition of princes and 
the horrors of war. 1888 Lowett Pr. Wks. (1890) VI. 201 
Done only by men dissociated from the interests of party. 

b. Chem. To separate the elements of (a com- 
pound), sfec. by heat: see DISSOCIATION 2. 

1869 C. A. Joy in Scientific Opinion No. 58. 571/1 A part 
of the vapour of water is decomposed spontaneously or dis- 
sociated in the tube of porous clay. /é/d. 571/2 At the 
temperature of the fusion of silver, water is dissociated and 
no longer exists as water. 1880 CLEMENsSHAW Wurtz’ A tom, 
Th. 115 The vapour of calomel is dissociated at the high 
temperature at which its density is taken. 

2. intr. (for ref.) To withdraw from association, 


cease to associate. 

1866 Maurice Workm. & Franchise 237 There is a ten- 
dency to dissociate, to separate, of which each man becomes 
very conscious, in whatever circle he finds himself. 

Hence Disso‘ciated, Disso‘ciating f//. adjs. 

1611 Cotcr., Dissocié, dissociated ; separated or severed. 


az6gt Boyce Wks. I. 373 (R.) The dissociating action | 


even of the gentlest fire, upon a concrete, 1882 SIEMENS 
New Theory of Sun in 19 Cent. April, An inflowing stream 
of dissociated vapours. 1885 Gray Lett, (1893) 776 In their 
limited but dissociated habitats. 

Dissociation (disdfii-fon, -siz'fon), [ad. 
L. dissociation-em, n. of action f. dissoctare to Dis- 
soctaTE: cf. F. dissociation (16th c. in Littré).] 

1. The action of dissociating or the condition of 
being dissociated ; severance ; division; disunion. 

1611 Cotcr., Dissociation, a dissociation ;..separation of 
fellowship. 1613-18 Daniet Coll. Hist, Eug. (1626) 4 The 
Brittaines vnderstanding the misery of their dissociation, 
1622 Bacon //en. V’/1, 88 Associations and Leagues; which 
commonly .. turne to Dissociations and Diuisions, 1790 
Burke /*. Rev. 276 It will add infinitely to the dissociation, 
distraction, and confusion of these confederate republics. 
1877 FE. Cairp Philos. Kant, 141 The association or dis- 
sociation of one feeling from another, 

2. Chem..The direct separation of compound 
substances into their primary elements, or into less 
complex compounds ; decomposition, spec. by the 
action of heat. Hence dissocéalion-point, the tem- 
perature at which such decomposition takes place. 

Applied usually to the separation of a compound into its 
elements by the action of heat alone, without the interven- 
tion of any substance which breaks up the combination by its 
greater chemical affinity for one of the elements ; but some- 
times restricted to such a partial separation of the elements, 
that they reunite when the temperature is lowered below the 
dissociation-point, Others have used it in the wider etymo- 
logical sense of direct separation of elements by any force, 
and applied THermotysis to dissociation by heat, as distin- 
guished from ELEcrrotysis or decomposition by electricity, 

(1857 Nov. 23 H. Ste. Craire Devitte in Journal de 
Tinstitut (title), De la dissociation, ou décomposition 
spontanée des corps, sous I'influence de la chaleur.) 1869 
C. A. Joy in Scientific Opinion — On Dissociation, 
3187a-g Warts Dict. Chem. VII. 636 As ‘Dissociation’ 
might be applied equally well to the separation of a mass 
into its constituent particles ,. by any other means, Mohr 

roposes to replace it by the more specific term ‘’ Thermo- 
ysis’. 1874 Grove Corr. Phys, Forces (ed. 6) 52 The term 
dissociation’ has been applied .. to other cases in which 
heat separates the consti of a sub without any 
of them combining with another body, 1880 7¥mes 1 Dec. 
ro Mr. Norman kyer continues his researches on dis- 
sociation, as indicated in solar outbursts. 1880 Na/ure 
XXL. 445 The term dissociation-point is justified by analogy 
with the terms boiling-point and melting-point. 


Dissociative (disdfictiv), a. [f. Dissocrare 
v. + -IVE.) Tending to dissociate ; spec. in Chem, 
causing dissociation or direct decomposition, 

1882 Edin. Rev. July 53 The resolution of carbonic acid 


DISSOLUTE. 
obs. var, of DESOLATION. 
1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 192 His 
dissolacion radir pan his consolacioun he seth, 


+ Dissology. Obs. rare—% [ad. Gr. d:aa0- 
Aoyia repetition, f. dicaos double + Ad-yos word.] 


1656 BLount Glossogr., Dissology, the of two. 
Dissolu (displizbi'liti). [f. next + -rry ; 


in mod.F, déssolubilité.] The quality of being 
dissoluble ; capability of being dissolved ; + solu- 
bility in a liquid (ods.). 

161r Frorio, Dissoludilita, a dissolubility. 1677 Hace 
Prim. Orig. 7 1 m. ier the eae oy of their 
= 5 HEYNE Eng. Malady 1, v. 1 

ineral. "Sok. .with its Dusolubility in Water. wae 
Times 12 Aug. 252/3 The theological objection to the dis- 
solubility of marriage. 

Dissoluble (di-sflis«b’l, disp lizb'l), a. [ad.L. 
dissolibil-is that may be dissolved, f. dissoluére to 
Dissotve: cf. F, dissoludle (14th c, in Hatz.- 
Darm.).] Capable of being dissolved. 

1. Capable of being separated into elements or 
atoms; decomposable, disintegrable; capable of 
being destroyed by complete decomposition. 

1534 More 7 reat, Passion Wks. 1285/1 The body bein 
made of the earth, and mixte wyth other elementes, was 
nature dyssoluble and mortall. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 105 
Volatil sulphureous parts of dissoluble or combustible bodies, 
1768-74 ‘Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 314 Making the soul 
compounded, dissoluble, and paiahaln 1839 J. H. New- 
man Par. Serm. 1V. xii. 218 That which is material is 
dissoluble. 1868 Tennyson Lucretius 115 How then should 
the Gods Being atomic not be dissoluble? 

+2. Capable of being dissolved in a liquid ; so- 
luble. Ods, 

1641 Frencn Distill. v. (1651) 165 The water .. carryeth 
along with it some of the dissoluble parts-of the mine. 1769 
E. Bancrorr Guiana 74 A yellowish gum, dissoluble in an 
aqueous menstruum. 1809 Pearson in PAZ. Trans. XCIX. 
5 FH That the whole of this oxide is not dissoluble in the acid, 

. Of a chain, knot, or anything that binds: 
Capable of being loosened or unfastened (see D1s- 
SOLVE 5); usually fig. of a ‘tie’, connexion, etc. ; 
Capable of being undone (see DISSOLVE 10). 

¢ 1600 SwinsuRNE Sfousals (1686) 225 The same Spousals 
were. .dissoluble by occasion of Fornication. a 1639 Mar- 
MION Antiguary 1. Dram. Wks. (1875) 205 If I link’d 
unto you, The Gordian knot were dissoluble. 1645 
Mitton 7¢trach, (1851).170 That _——— is indissoluble, 
is not Catholickly true ; wee know it dissoluble for Adultery. 
1803 Worvsw. Depart. fr. Grasmere 2 The gentlest S! 
that walked Elysian plains Might sometimes covet dis- 
soluble chains. 1878 Seetey Stein I. The connexion of 
Austria with Germany was. .far less easily dissoluble. 

4. That may be dissolved, as an assembly or 
society. 

1642 in Clarendon Hist. Red, v. § 289 Did not the people 
that sent them look upon them as a body but temporary, 
and dissoluble [ed. 1702 dissolvable] at his majesty's 
pleasure ? 

+ Disso‘lubleness. 00s. [f. see + -NESS.] 
The quality of being dissoluble ; solubility. 

1665 Hooke Microgr, 108 This Petrify'd substance .. was 
differing from Wood . Fifthly, in its dissolubleness; for 

utting some drops of distill’d Vinegar upon the Stone, I 
ate it..to yield..Bubbles. 1666 Boyie Orig. Formes § 
Qual. 1. vii. 244 It acquir’d Dissolublenesse in Agua fortis, 

Dissolute (di-sdlivt), a. (sd.) [ad. L. dissolit- 
us loose, disconnected, pa. pple of dissolvére to 
loosen, disunite, DissoLve; cf. F. dissolu. 

The appearance of the senses in Eng. does not correspond 
with their original development in Latin.] 

+1. Having their connexion or union dissolved ; 
disconnected, disjoined, disunited. Ods. 

1541 R. Copt.anp Guydon's Quest, Chirurg. Cj, Nature .. 
wy! nat leue them [membres sparmatyf] thus dyssolute, re- 
ioyneth and knytteth them the best that she may. 1578 
Banister //ist. Man 1. 3 It were requisite, that the. .bones 
should neither be dissolute and unioyned, nor yet altogether 


whole, and continuall. Honnes Leviath, m1, xli. 278 
‘The part excommunicated is no longer a , but a dis- 
solute number of individuall persons. 1651 — Govt. 4 Soc, 


vii. § 10, 107 It is no longer a Court, or one Person, but a 
dissolute multitude without any supreme power. 

+2, Relaxed, enfeebled, weak ; wanting consist- 
ence or firmness of texture or tem ent. Obs, 

¢ 1450 tr. De Jmitatione 1. xlv, But I be holpen of pe & 
inwardly en’ I am made all leuke & dissolute. 
Hanmer Anc, . Hist, (1619) 188 You loose hands, 
dissolute knees, ye shall be stren, . 1607 TorsEit. 
Fours. — 345 The flesh of the Alzabo .. is of a 
tent 7 . ; 


tr. erc. 
Compit. 1. 120 This lax and dissolute consistency [of the 
ood Serum, 1816 


blood). .makes it apt to dissolve into CoLeRipcE 
Statesm, Man. 354 Vital warmth .. ing the rigid, co 
lidating the dissolute, and giving cohesion to that which 


into its elements .. is one of the most familiar of 
this transformation of solar radiation into dissociative ac- 
tion. Jbid. 54 Their dissociative power .. dependent upon 
their being made of compound molecules, 

+ Dissoci‘ety. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s-9.] The 
opposite of companionship ; mutual aversion. 

1602 W. Watson Ouodlib, Relig. § State 104 So vertue 
and vice hauing such a dissocietie. 

: pe (disdufioskoup). Chem. [a. 

F. dissoctoscope, 1. L. dissocéare to DissoctaTe + 
-SCOPE.] (See quot.) 

1881 Frul. Chem. Soc. XL. ratus for ed sis 


3 Al 
Dissociation of Ammonium Salis, y D. Tommasi .. 
apparatus, to which the author gives the name ‘dissocio- 
scope’, consists [etc.]. : 


is about to sink down. : 

+3. Having the energies, attention, etc. relaxed ; 
wanting firmness, strictness, or eggs & loose, 
lax, slack, careless, negligent, remiss. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir Prov. xix. 15 the sendeth in slep; and a 


dissolut [1388 negligent] soule shal hungre. ¢ 1430 Lyne. 
Minor P. (1840) 245 (Matz.) Now ig besy, now dis- 
solut, v2 Rea) vd . Aunsw, ut, Wks. 1851 


1574 Wurrerrt 


I. 330 Neither the law was then cruel, neither yet the gospel 
is noe dissolute for the greatness of fonghtaneans 


= 4 


Hax.uyr Voy, 188 Thi meere dissolute e€ 
{a ship) ona s: 1597 Hooker y. Ixxii. 
§ 18 To temper the minde, lest contrarie comming 

place should make it too profuse and dissolute. 1619 


W. Scrarer £xp.1 Thess. (1630) 459 Alas, how cold. .are our 


DISSOLUTE. 
affections often? How dissolute our practice? How dull 
our memory A : 
+4. Unrestrained in behaviour or deportment ; 


not subject to Bgl 379 restraint; loose, wanton, (In 
quot. 1620, Wasteful, lavish.) Ods. (exe. as in- 


volved in 5). 

¢ 1460 Stans Puer 20 (MS. Har. ne in Badbees Bk. 26 
With dissolute [MS. Lad, wantowne] laughters do thow 
non offence To-fore thy souerayn. 1526 Pilgr. Pers. (W. de 
W. 1531) 99 b, What cause hast y* to be so dissolute & mery ? 
3616 Surrt. & Mark. Country Farme 117 This cattell is 
foolish and dissolute, easie to stray abroad hither and 
thither, contrarie ynto sheepe, which keepe together. 1620 
Sue_ton Dou Quixote u. iv, A great deal of Goods .. of all 
which the young man remained a dissolute Lord. 16 
Neepuao tr. Sedden’s Mare C/. 45 Arude sort of men, with- 
out Laws, without Government, free and dissolute [diberume 
aique solutum), 1713 Berxerey Guardian No. 3? 1 Itisa 
certain Characteristick of a dissolute and ungoverned mind 
to rail or speak disrespectfully of them. 

b. Careless or lawless in style. Now rave. 

1566 T. Starceton Ret. Untr. Fewel Epist., Your maner 
of writing is .. so Dissolut Loose and Negligent. 1619 W. 
Scrater £xp, 1 Thess. (1630) 559 Either hee is too profound, 
or too plaine .. too dissolute, or too exact. 1718 Prior 
Solomon Pref., Heroic with continued rhyme .. was found 
too dissolute and wild. 1771 H. Wavrote Vertue's Anecd. 
Paint, 1V, i. (R.) A loose, and, if I may use the word, a dis- 
solute kind of painting. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. 
xvii, 184 The Fosohute dulness of English Flamboyant. 

5. That has thrown off the restraints of morality 
and virtue ; lax in morals, loose-living ; licentious, 
profligate, debauched. (Of persons, their actions, 
etc.) The current sense. ‘ 

1513 Brapsuaw S¢. Werburge 1. 28 Dyssolute man folow- 
yng sensualyte. 1548 Hatt Chrox., Rich. [// (an. 2) 32b, 
A woman geven to carnall affection, and dissolute livinge. 
1598 Saks. Merry W, 1. iii. 204 Wee will yet haue more 
trickes with Falstaffe ; his dissolute disease will scarse obey 
this medicine. 1671 Mitton ?. 2. 11. 150 Belial, the dis- 
solutest Spirit that fell, Ihe sensualest, and, after Asmodai, 
The fleshliest Incubus. 1729 ButLer Serm. Wks, 1874 II. 
15 The many untimely deaths occasioned by a dissolute 
course of life. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 1. 267 The 
nobles were as lawless E oa dissolute at home as they were 
greedy and cruel abroad. 5 

B. sé. A dissolute person, a profligate. rare. 

1608 Day Hum, out of Br. ww. iii, Did your euer conuerse 
with a more straunger dissolute? 1824 Lanpor Ws. (1846) 
I.177/2 Half the dissolutes in the parish. 1838 SourHEyPoet's 
Pikvim. i. ut, x. vote, The homely but scriptural appella- 
tion .. has been delicately softened down .. Helen Maria 
Williams names her (Ch. of Rome] the Dissolute of Babylon. 

4] There are many instances of déssolaute for deso- 
late (+ déssolate), mostly scribal or typographical 
errors, sometimes perh. owing to actual confusion. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxvi. i, A place of dissolute 
darkenes. 1612 BrerEwoop Lang. Sr x.83 Greece.. 
more dissolute then any region of Europe subject to the 
Turk. 1834 T. Crorron Croker Fairy Leg. S. [rel. 135 
I got ashore, somehow or other .. upon a dissolute island. 

+ Dissolute, v. O0s. rare. [f. DissoLutE a.] 
trans. To render dissolute. 

1679 Prance Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot 29 The ready way 
to new-mould a Nation, is, first to dissolute and debauch it. 


+ Dissoluted, 7//. a. Obs. rare. [f. L. disso- 


liit-us (see DISSOLUTE a.) + -ED.] a. Dissolved. 
b. Loosened, unfastened, loose. 

1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Justine 69 a, Protesting 
that al inueterate malice and displeasure, which hee had 
against him. .was now dissoluted. @ 1770 Smart Temple of 
Dauiness (R.) Mad Mathesis; her feet all bare, Ungirt, un- 
trimm’d, with dissoluted hair. 

Dissolutely, adv. [f. Dissonure a. +-1y¥ 2] 
In a dissolute manner. 

+1. Loosely, slackly; carelessly, negligently ; 
recklessly. Ods. 

1553 Brenve Quintus Curtius fol. 285 (R.) [They] mer- 
ueiled .. yt he durst go so dissolutelye amonges those 
nacions .. the barbarous people reputinge his rashenes, for 
an assured confidence. 1560 Becon New Catech. iv. Prayer 
Wks. 376 We nede not to come slackely and dissolutly, but 
rather iligently earnestly vnto prayer. 1606 HoLLanp 
Sueton, a Sulla .. admonished the nobles oftentimes, To 
beware of the boy that went girded so dissolutely. 1736 
Butter Axal. 11. 314 Dissolutely to neglect their own greater 
Good, for the sake of a present leaner Gratification, 

+2. Unrestrainedly, ——- Obs. 

1561 T, Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. Pref., They. .thynke that 
God is not rightly worshypped, vnlesse altogether they be 
dissolutely set out with exquisite gorgeousnesse, or rather 
with outragious excesse. 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie mt. 
xxiv. (Arb.) 297, I haue seene forraine Embassadours in the 

Pp ugh so dissolutely. 1596 Suaks, 1 Her. 

V,1. ii. 39 A Purse of Gold most eo on Mon- 

ay night, and most dissolutely spent on Tuesday Morning. 
. In a profligate manner ; licentiously ; in dis- 
sipation and debauchery. 

1sso CrowLey Last Trump. 619 To lyue..dissolutly, thou 
shouldste be vnto them offence. 16rx Biste Wisd. xii. 23 
Men haue .. liued dissolutely and vnrighteously. 1713 
Strvre Parker an. 1563 ut. xvil, The queen’s subjects lived 
dissolutely, yuiply and luxuriously. 31859 Tennyson Znid 
1124 Roi ‘ ininely fair and dissolutely pale. 

Di'ssoluteness. [f. as prec.+-nxss.] The 
quality of being dissolute (in various senses). 

+1, Remissness, negligence, carelessness. Ods. 

1576 FreminG Panogl, Epist. 97 She chargeth Anthonie 
with dissolutenesse in duetie.. /é2d. 356 This our dissolute- 
nesse and negligence, 1619 W. Sctater Exf. 1 Thess. (1630) 


Our dissoluteness hath beene too palpable, in praying 
s ronne ren our endeuours, : yo% 
Vou, III, 


5138 


+2. Absence or abandonment of restraint ; wan- 
tonness, excess, extravagance. Ods, 

1580 J. Hatcuer in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. HI. 32 note, 
Which requireth rather diligence in study, then dissolute- 
ness in plays. 1667 Marve. Cor”. cciii. Wks. 1872-5 II. gor 
The dissoluteness of grief, the prodigality of sorrow, 1690 
Norris Beatitudes (1692) 51 All manner of odd Postures and 
Gestures up to the height of an Antick Dissoluteness, 

3. Looseness of manners and morals ; licentious- 
ness, profligacy. 

1549 CoveRDALE, etc. Evasm. Par. Rev. viii. (R.) A.. 
whyppe, whiche shoulde scourge and punyshe the christen- 
dome fallyng into synne and dyssolutenes. 1603 FLorio 
Montaigne i xii. (1632) 244 The dissolutenesse of the Pre- 
lates and people of those dayes. 1729 SHeLvocke Artillery 
111, 170 People who would spend their lives in Debauchery 
and Dissoluteness. 1855 MAcautay //ist. Eng. IV. 456 The 
most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of 
the emancipated precisian. 

Dissolution (disdliz-fan). [In some senses 
a. F. dissolution (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), in others 
ad. L. déssoliition-em, n. of action from adissoluére 
to break up, DissoLve.] The action of dissolving 
or fact of being dissolved, in various senses of the vb. 

1. Separation into parts or constituent elements ; 
reduction of any body or mass to elements or 
atoms ; destruction of the existing condition ; dis- 
integration, decomposition. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, de P, R,x1x. x\vii. (1495) 890 Though 
bytter thynges haue lesse hete than sharpe thynges of 
sauour yet it makith more dissolucion and departynge in 
the tonge. 1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. in. xiv. in Ashm. 
(1652) 142 Ells shall no kyndly Dyssolucyon be, Nor Putry- 
fyyng shall thou none see. 1597 Mortey /utrod. Aus. 163 
A hereditarie lepresie in a mans bodie is vncurable without 
the dissolution of the whole. 1667 Mitton 2, Z. x11. 459 
When this worlds dissolution shall be ripe. 1736 ButLer 
Axnadl.1. i, 21 The dissolution of flesh, skinand bones. 1829 
Scott Anne of G. xxxiii, The vault where the long-de- 
scended Counts of Provence awaited dissolution. 1862 H. 
Spencer First Princ. u. xii. § 97 Dissolution is the absorp- 
tion of motion and concomitant disintegration of matter. 

b. In a theory of disease, opposed to evolution. 

1883 HuGHiincs Jackson cited in Syd. Soc, Lex. 1894 
— Factors of Insanities 3, 1 have often urged that for the 
scientific study of maladies of the Nervous System, we 
should investigate them as Dissolutions (reversals of Evo- 
lution) of this or that part of the nervous system. Zi. 8 
Studying insanities as Dissolutions — as reversals of evolution 
—of the highest cerebral centres. 

2. The reduction of a substance from the solid to 
the liquid form; liquefaction, Now onlythe melting 
into water or the like; formerly, also, = fusion. 

1598 Suaks. J/erry W. 111. v. 118 A man of my Kidney.. 
that am as subiect to heate as butter .. A man of continuall 
dissolution, and thaw. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 291 Metals 
give Orient and fine Colours in Dissolution. @ 1661 FuLLER 
Worthies (1840) I. 221 It happened in the year 1657, upon 
the dissolution of the great snow. 1779 J. Moore View 
Soc. Fr. (1789) 1. xxvi. 212 The rays of the sun .. occasion 
an unequal dissolution of the ice. 1802 Acerst Trav. I. 396 
Inundations. .caused by the dissolution of the ice and snow. 


+b. Of the blood: see quots. Ods. 

1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Dissolution of the blood is an 
affection of that humour, directly opposite to coagulation. 
1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Dissolution. formerly applied by the 
Busser! physicians to a diminution of consistence of the 

ood. 


3. The process of dissolving or condition of being 
dissolved in a liquid; solution. Now rare or Obs. 
(1558 see b.] 1641 Frencu Distil/, i. (1651) 10 Dissolution, 
is the turning of bodies into a liquor by the addition of some 
humidity. 1692 Ray Dissol, World iv. (1732) 54 The Dis- 
solution of salt or sugar in water. 1707 Curios. in /ush. & 
Gard, 166 Aqua Fortis is the best for the Dissolution of 
Metals. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, vii, Allowing for the dis- 
solution of the sugar. 
+b. concr. The result of this; the liquid with 
what is dissolved in it; a solution. Ods. 

1 Warpe tr. Alexis’ Secr. 5a, To make a naturall 
dissolution of fine gold; and when you will take of it, take 
two parts of the said licor, and one part of the dissolution of 
y° gold. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 789 Dissolue the Iron in the 
Aqua Fortis: And weigh the Prastarion’ 1707 Curios. in 
Husb. & Gard. 304 Dissolve it in..Spirit of Nitre : set the 
dissolution to evaporate. fi : 

+4, Hurtful relaxation, softening, or weakening ; 
enfeeblement. Ods. 

c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) xv. 163 For the grete distresse of 
the hete ..for the gret dissolucioun of the Body. 1601 
Hotranp Pliny 11. 288 The decoction..helpeth the feeble- 
nesse and dissolution of the 1620 VENNER Via 
Recta viii. 166 Dolorous Gouts .. tortures and dissolutions 
of the limmes, eal Taytor Holy Living ii. § 1 
A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution of the 
spirit of a man, and makes it loose, soft, and wandering. 
1683 Burnet tr. More's Mey 122 There must follow a Dis- 
solution of Justice, the chief Sinew of Society. 

5. The condition of being loose ffom due re- 
straint; ‘excess, extravagance (ods.); laxity of 
behaviour or morals; dissolute living, dissolute- 
ness (arch.). 

¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 4901 It [youthe] ledith man now up now 
doun In mochel dissolucioun. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 
88 Them whiche wastyn the godys of the holy chyrche 
wherby they were made ryche in dyssolucyon of sldihevie, 
in panpsaoes metys and pompys of the world. 1§26 Pilgr. 
Pagel . de W. 1531) 85 b, Flye dissolucyon & 

1553 Brcon Reliques of Rome (1563) 162* They for their 
ynthankeful & dissol oo See riued of the 
holy communion. 1647 Power of Keys Pref. 2 Wickednesse 
and dissolution of manners was to be lookt on as the only 


DISSOLUTIONIST. 


heresy. 16x J. Taytor Holy Living ii. § 1 These tamed 
his youthful aptnesses to dissolution. 1707 Norris 7veat. 
Humility vi. 271 Nothing more betrays... dissolution of 
thought. .thana vain foppish dress. 1866 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 
634 After the general peace of 1814, dissolution began to 
decrease in high places. 
+b. with A/. An instance of this; a dissolute 

act or peneice 3 an extravagance or excess. Ods, 

©1430 Lypc. Bochas (1558) 1. xv. 1 Fleshly lustes and dis- 
solutions. 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 150 b/t Lerne to be stylle 
& teschewe ail dissolucions, 1490 — “ueydos vi. 23 He 
sheweth the dyssolucyons and peruerse condycyons that 
ben in the sexe femynyne. 1579 Tomson Caloin’s Sern, 
Tim, 130/2 That. .all dissolutions, vile and wicked actes be 
suppressed, 1651-3 JER. Tavtor Seri. for Year, Of Godly 
‘ear i. (1678) 61 Restraint of gaieties and dissolutions, 

6. The relaxation or undoing of any tie, bond, or , 
binding power; the dissolving of a connexion, 
union, ete. (Cf, DIssoLvE Io, IT. 

¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Hist. (Camden, No. 29) 5 Upon disso- 
lution of that treatie. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. /V. (an. 4) 
195 b, The cause of dissolucion of their amitie and league. 
1651 J. Taytor Holy Living ii. § 2 The loosing the bands 
of the tongue, and the very first dissolution of its duty is 
one degree of intemperance. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 2904/2 
A marriage of a feme-sole trader is also a dissolution of 
a partnership at will. 1856 Froune Hist. Ene. (1858) I. ii. 
120 Even if the marriage .. had never been questioned, he 
might justly have desired the dissolution of it. 

7. The breaking up, dismissal, or dispersion of 
an assembly or association ; the termination of the 
existence of a constituted body of persons (e.g. of 
the monasteries, and now esp. of Parliament). 

1535 Act 27 Hen. VITT, c. 26. § 26 Immediately vpon the 
prorogacion or dissolucion of this present parliament. 1651 
Hownes Leviath. u. xxii. 116 ‘The Assembly may be punished 
.. by dissolution, or forfeiture of their Letters. 1659 B. 
Harris Parival’s [ron Age 289 Some moneths before the 
dissolution of the Parliament. 1730 A/agnua Brit. V. 762/1 
Herdwick Priors .. continued in the Monks Hands till the 
Dissolution, 1765 Biackstone Commz. 1. ii. 180 A dissolu- 
tion is the civil death of the parliament. 1831 Sir J. Sin- 
cLaIR Corr. II. 373 Since the dissolution of the Board of 
Agriculture. 1862 Lp. Brovcuam Brit, Const. xiii. 184 
The dissolution of the monasteries in Henry VIII's reign. 
1874 Green Short Hist, viii. § 2. 462 The conversion of 
the King was followed by a quiet dissolution of the Hugue- 
not party. 

8. ‘Termination of life ; death, decease. 

Variously understood as ‘departure or release from life’, 
‘separation of the soul from the body’, and ‘ disintegration 
of the body’. See Dissotve 6. 

1522 More De guat. Noviss. Wks. 77 The disolucion and 
seueraunce of the soule fro the body. 1568 Binte (Bishops’) 
27int.iv.6 The time of my dissolution (Gr. avadvoews, L. reso- 
dutionis; earlier Eng. vv., from Wycl. 1388 departing] is at 
hande. 1596-7 S. Fincne in Ducarel //is¢. Creydon App. 
(1783) 152 Thanks to Almightie God for Mr. Comptroller's 
dissolucion from the bondage of his corrupte bodie. 164 
Hinve 3. Leuven |x, 201 Death is but a passage unto life, a 
dissolution of soule and body for a season. 1658 Sir T. 
Browne //ydriot, i, 2 Men have been most phantastical in 
the singular contrivances of their corporall dissolution. 1712 
STEELE Sfect. No. 263 ® 1 He waits the Day of his 
Dissolution with a Resignation mixed with Delight. 1750 
Jounson Rambler No. 29 P 12 It is absurd to be afraid of 
the natural dissolution of the body. 1827 J. W. Croker 
6 Aug. in Croker Papers (1884), His breathing is difficult, 
and. .there are all the symptoms of approaching dissolution. 
1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /ng. I.iv.131 Some die retain- 
ing all their faculties, and quite aware that their dissolution 
is at hand. 

9. The action of bringing or condition of being 
brought to an end; undoing, termination, destruc- 
tion, ruin; breaking up, disintegration, disorgan- 
ization (of a connected system, etc.). 

1528 Garpiner in Pocock Kec. Ref I. 1. 102 That realm were 
like to come to dissolution, @ 1625 FLetcuer Nice Valour 
in, ii, I doubt not... To see a dissolution of all bloodshed. 
1677 Hate Prim, Orig. Man. u. x. 230 Down to the last 
Dissolution of their City under Titus. 1728 Youna Love 
Fame vi. (1757) 154 Such dissolution through the whole 
I find, ‘Tis not a world, but chaos of mankind. 1855 Mit- 
MAN Lat. Chr. 1x, iii. (1864) V. 241 He had but to wait the 
dissolution of Otho’s power; it crumbled away of itself. 
1883 S. F. Smitn How Ch. Eng. washed her face 21 The 
same dissolution of morals and irreligious spirit had existed. 

+b. ALus. (See quot.) Oés. 

1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts § Sc., Dissolution, in music, is 
when a sound in the enharmonic genus is lowered three 
dieses ; for thereby that genus is dissolved, and the music. . 
is chromatic. Z 

+10. Solution, resolution (of a question, etc.). 


Obs. rare. 

1549 Latimer’s 5th Serm. bef. Edw. VT, (Arb.) 132 margin, 
M. Latimer returneth to hys former question and to the 
dissolucion of the same. 

Dissolu‘tional, a. 
pertaining to dissolution. 

1889 J. M. Rosertson Ess. towards Crit. Meth. 4 Lon- 
ginus. .has the note of that long dissolutional epoch. 1895 
Pall Mail G. 6 July 2/2 The Factory Bill .. has passed in 
dissolutional and dissolute haste, and it can be amended, if 
necessary, at consolidating leisure. . 

Dissolu'tionism. [f. as prec.+-1sm.] The 
doctrine or principles of dissolutionists. 

1894 SwinpuRNE Studies in Prose §& Poetry 102 Dis- 
unionism, dissolutionism, or communalism, 

Dissolu‘tionist. [f. as prec. + -1st.] One 
who advocates or aims at dissolution. Also attr7d. 

1882 Pall Mall G, 23 Sept. 1 The dissolutionist oa 
of M. Gambetta’s friends, 1882 /rgser's Mag, XXVI. 131 
This is the reactionary, and in some degree dissolutionist, 
party in the Union, ; 65* a 


[f. prec. + -AL.] Of or 


DISSOLUTIOUDS. 


+ Dissolu‘tious, a. Obs. rare. Inclined to dis- 
soluteness. : 

By Sheph. Kal. vii. Tree of Vices, Sloth xiii, To draw 

goe to such as be dissolutious Or that they doe and 
make dissolute. : 

Dissolutive (disdl'utiv), a. Now rare. [f. 
L. dissolit- ppl. stem + -IvE: prob. immed. ad. 
med.L. déssolitiv-us or F. dissolutif.] 

1. Having the property of dissolving ; producing 
dissolution or disintegration ; dissolyent. 

1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 210 To empostyms of blood pou 
mi3t do medicyns ifs & dissolutiuis sotilly. 1527 
Anprew Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters Ry, It hath vertue 
attractyfe and dyssolutyfe. 1662 J. CHanpLer Van Hel- 
mont's Oriat. 76 Air wants in it self a dissolutive principle 

~of it self. ax69r Bovte Wks. V. 500 (R.) The air might 
promote the dissolutive action of the menstruum, ; 

2. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, dissolution 
or disintegration. 

1886 Myers Phantasms of Living Introd. 43 We have 
induced [by hypnotism] a change of personality which is 
not per se either evolutive or dissolutive, 

+ Dissolutory, ¢. Ods. rare. 
-ORY.] =prec. I. 

x781 tr. Henckel’s Pyritol. 357 Fermentative, intestine, 
dissolutory motion. 
Disso'lvable, a. Also -ible. [f. Dissoive 
v. + -ABLE: Substituted (in part) for DIssoLUBLE 
from L, type d/ssoliibilis.) Capable of being dis- 
solved ; dissoluble. 
1. Capable of being separated or reduced into 
its formative elements ; decomposable. 
154t R. Copranp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., For the 
substaunce seldom dyssoluable lyghtly it [the liver] oughte 
to haue medycyne somwhat styptyke. 1661 E. Borroucus 
Plea to King conc. Quakers Ded. 1 You are but men. .and 
your substance but dissolvable clay. 1677 Hate Prin, 
Orig. Man. 1. iii. 86 Man that is even upon the intrinsick 
constitution of his nature dissolvible. /d7d. 1. vy, 112 A com- 
position intrinsecally dissolvable. 1861 L. L. Noste /ce- 
ergs 114 It [an iceberg] is as dissolvable as the clouds from 
which it originally fell, 
2. Capable of being liquefied or melted ; fusible ; 
soluble. ? Ods. 
3653 H. More Antid. Ath. 1. xi. (1712) 35 The Brains 
generally are easily dissolvable into a watery Consistence. 
1668 Witkins Keal Char. 169 Dissolvable, by Water, or by 
Fire. ue STEELE Sfect. No. 95 ?3 Children, when crossed 
. how dissolvable they are into Tears. 1733 CueyNe Eng. 
Malady 1. Vv. § 3 (1734) 38 Salts. hard, and dissolvible only 
by Water. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 461 All the metals, 
excepting platina and gold, are dissolvable by aqua fortis. 
3. Of a connexion, union, society, etc. : Capable 
of being undone or having its existence put an end 
to; terminable, destructible. 
1681-6 J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 392 The Obligations 
of divine Commands are dissolvable only by divine Counter- 
mands. 1702 [see Dissotuste 4). 1861 Lowet £ Pluribus 
Unum Prose Wks. 1890 V. 63 We are not a mere partner- 
ship, dissolvable .. by mutual consent. .but a nation. 
Hence Dissolvability (-zd7/i/y in Richadson 
1836), Disso‘lvableness (in Craig 1847). 
Dissolvant, obs. var. of DISSOLVENT. 
+ Disso‘lvative, a. Ols. rare. [f. nexr + 
-ATIVE.] @. Having the property of dissolving, 
dissolutive. b. That tends to dissolve readily. 
1577 Frampton Joyful News 1. (1596) 8 Balsamo .. is 
dissoluatiue, and so it doeth consume .. swellinges. 1580 
— Monardes Med. against Venom 118 The use of good 
Meates easie and dissolvative. 
Dissolve (dizlv), v. Also 4-6 dyssolve, 
5-6 desolve. [ad. L. dissolv-cre to loosen asunder, 
disunite, dissolve, f. Dis- 1 + solvéve to loosen, 
SoLve.] I. Transitive senses. 
1. To loosen or put asunder the parts of; to reduce 
to its formative elements ; to destroy the physical 
integrity ; to disintegrate, decompose. (Now rare 
or Ods, exc. as associated with other senses.) 
1382 Wycuir 2 Cor, v. 1 If oure erthely hous of this dwel- 
lyng be dissolued..we han a bildyng of God, an hous not 
maad by hondis, euerlastinge. c 1400 Three Kings Cologne 
123 Pe bodyes of bes III kyngis wexed corrupt and were 
dissolued & turned in to powdre. 1500-20 Dunsar Poems 
(Sc, T.S.) xxiii. 244 Now cled in gold, dissoluit now 
in ass (=ashes). 1611 Corvat Crudities 419 If it were 
a strong bridge, they could not dissolue it with so great 
—. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. ix. § 8. 195 
ether that soul..can think at all when the body is quite 
dissolved. 1775 Prirsttey Air I, 266 Vegetable and animal 
substances dissolved J putrefaction .. emit phlogiston. 
1841-4 Emerson £ss., /ntellect Wks, (Bohn) 1. 134 Water 
7 ag and — ye iv. [xv.] (Arb.) 

ci UTTENHAM Lng, Poesie u1. xiv. [xv.] (Arb.) 140 
Make your aes of very few words dactilique, or. .dissolue 
and breake them into other feete. 1642 Futter ‘oly & 
Prof, St. ut, xxiv. 221 We may for a while dissolve our 

inued di se into a dialogue. 

2. To melt or reduce into a liquid condition. a, 
To melt by heat; to fuse. Now rare or Obs. 
af Wycur oP sae iii, oh re comet ape be a 

ete, c1g00 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 342 ‘ummys schul 
be. .dissolued wip fier. 1530 PatsGr.522/1, I Shecles, as heate 
dothe lycour, whan it is frosen. 1600 Haxtuyt Vay. (1810) 
III. 48 Before the Sunne hath warmed the our, ene dis- 

solved the 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 27. e metal 
at each end having a considerable heat, it was found prac- 
ticable to dissolve the ends of the former masses, 

b. To be re by contact with or immersion in a 
liquid ; to 


[f. as prec. + 


iffuse the molecules of (a solid or gas) 


514 


in a liquid so that are indistinguishable from 
it; to melt (27 soi ing), make a SonuTion of. 
(Predicated of a personal agent, or of the liquid.) 


Dissolve away, out: to remove or extract (from a com 
mass) by dissolving. 2 

{c 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. 111.68 Men axen comounly, whi 
salt is dissolved pus, but cristal and opere stoones ben not 
loosid as opir salt.) 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 9 Putte 
panne yn pe watir Sal jac and pat watir 
wipoute doute wol dissolue gold into watir. 1563 T, Gace 
Antid, u, 62 The H i dissolued in Vineger. 
1677 Grew Solution of Salts in Anat. Plants, &c. vii. (1682) 
299 Two Ounces of Water will dissolve three Ounces of 
Loaf-Sugar. 1791 Hamivron Berthollet's Dyeing 1. 1. 1. i. 
11 The iron may be dissolved in the muriatic acid. 1854 J. 
Scorrern in Orr's Circ, Sc. Chem, 24 Various salts .. may 
be dissolved out by lixiviation. 1873 A. W. WittiaMson 
Chem. Students (ed. 3) xiv. § 87 At 15°C, water dissolves 
about twice its volume of chlorine gas. 875 Dawson Dawn 
of Life iv. 83 By dissolving away their shells with acid. , 

In various fig. applications of senses 1 and 2; 
esp. To melt or soften the heart or feelings of ; to 
cause to ‘melt’ into tears, grief, etc.; to relax or 
enervate with pleasure, luxury, etc, ; to immerse or 
absorb in some engrossing occupation. Chiefly in 
passive. (Now rare exc. in phr. dissolved in tears, 
or in direct figures from sense 2 b.) 

1 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxiv. xix, Her hardy harte she 

an for to dissolve. 1632 Mitton Penseroso 165 In service 

igh, and anthems clear, As may. . Dissolve me intoecstasies. 
1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 1. 38 Dissolv’d in Pleasures, he 
worshipp’d no other God. 1707 Watts Hymn, ‘Alas! 
and did my Saviour bleed?” v, Dissolve my Heart in 
‘Thankfulness, And melt my Eyes to Tears. 1791 D'Israect 
Cur, Lit., Libraries, Henry Rantzall.. whose days were 
dissolved in the pleasures of reading. 1800 Mrs. Hervey 
Mourtray Fam. 1V. 183 Mrs. Lenmer was dissolved in 
tears the whole evening. 1843 CartyLe Past § Pr. ul. 
iii. (1872) 130 Action hangs, as it were, dissolved in Speech. 

+4. To relax, weaken, enfeeble, in body or bodily 
strength. Obs. 

¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 16 To myche slepinge .. ac 
his vertewes .. To myche wakynge dissolfip & consume 
hys spirites. cx Maunpev. aaraert xvili, 81 Pe grete 
violence of Ody 37 djssoluez paire ys. ¢% tr. Pol. 
Verg. Hist, (Camden, No. 29) 180 That sorceres Elyzabeth 
the quene .. with her witchcraft hath so enchantyd me that 
by thanoyance thereof I am dissolvyd. 1563 Homilies 1. 
Agst. Gluttony, Oft commeth sodaine death >. by banquet- 
yn ns bese the members are dyssolued. 

. To loosen, unfasten, detach, release, set free. 
(Ut. and fig.) arch. 

©1420 Pallad, on Husb, w. 29 Yit must it [the vine-stalk] 
be dissolved ever amonge Oute of this bonde, lest it .. Be 
letted to encrece. 1 Act 2-3 Edw. V1, c. 23. § 1 The 

artie who disired to be dissolved from the marriage. 1560 

OLLAND Crt, Venus iv. 458 Venus gart ane.. Nisshe ve 
Dissolue his handis quhilks .. fast bundin war. 1606 G, 
W[oovcocke] tr. ///st. Justine 87 b, Occasion .. to pull and 
dissolue their neckes out of the yoke. c161zr CHAPMAN 
Lliad vi. 44 There his horse he check’d, Dissolved them 
from his chariot. 1727-46 THomson Summer 1310 As the 
soft touch dissolved the virgin zone. 1817 SHe.Ley Nev. 
Islam 1. xiii. 8 Dissolve in sudden shock those linked rings. 

+ 6. To release from life ; to cause the dissolution 
or death of ; usually in pass, to die, depart. Ods. 

Used chiefly with reference to Phil. i, 23, where the 
Vulgate has the passive disso/vt for the original active 
avadvoas (here =‘ depart’; also ¢vans.=‘dissolve'). Various 
notions were app. attached to the expression by those who 
used it, some associating it with the dissolution of the 
bodily framework (cf. quots. 1382, 1400, 1722 in 1); some 
thinking of the dissolution of the union between soul and 
body, etc. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. pr. iii, Ofte a swifte houre dis- 
soluep pe same man, bat is to seyne whan pe soule departip 
fro pe body. 5 a Wve. PAil. i, 23 Hauyng desyr for to 
be dissolued [g/oss, or departid the soule fro body]. ay 
tr. De /mitatione 1. xii, He desirip debe, pat he mi3zt 
dissolued & be wib crist. 1565 Jewen Def. A fod. (161 5 294 
‘The Saints, which are dissolued, & reigne with Christ, 
ay H. Smitu Serm. on Phil. i. 23, Good cause had 
Paul to desire to be with Christ: yet a will not dissolve 
himself, but desireth to be dissolved, Wurttock 
Zootomia 566 Paul phraseth it, a Wish equall to the Gold 
pcr ye Darin gee endeavours, I desire to be dissolved, 
melted down. a1670 Hacket Adp. Williams u. (1699) 
227 A squinancy .. and a shortness of breath .. which dis- 
solved him in the space of twelve hours. 1736 WrsLey 
Wks. (1872) I. 37 O when shall I wish to be dissolved ? 

7. To cause to vanish or disappear from existence ; 
to bring to nought, undo, destroy, consume. 

1374 Cnaucer BSoeth. 1. pr. iii, 10 Pe cloudes of sorowe 
dissolued and don awey, I .. receyuede mynde to knowe 
pe face of my fyciscien, 1548 Haut Chron., Hen, VI “a 
3 b, a sears ¢ a ame and _— sr pees ‘ 

fuLKE Meteors (1640) 35 A great Circle about oone, 
betokeneth great peed But if it vanish away and bee 
dissolved altogether, it is a signe of fayre weather. 1632 
Litucow 7rav. 11. 120 Occasion..whereby the and 
happinesse of Thebes might be dissolved. Sr W. 
Jones Palace of Fort. Poems (1777) 18 Each gay phantom 
was dissolv’d in air, 1877 Tynpatt in Daily News 2 Oct. 
2/5 That promise is a dissolved by the experience of 
eighteen centuries. 5 

+8. Med. To disperse (morbid humours), reduce 
(swellings), remove or assuage (pains or ailments), 
(Also absol.) Obs. 

—— variously and ey eee to context.) 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 136 Ri3t as mater 
frenesie. .bi emplastris wiboutforp I-leie is dissolued. /7d. 
238 Anoper electuarie pat dissoluip akynge in ot 1577 

RAMPTON Yoy/ul Newes 1. (1596) 6 In griefes of swellinges 
.. it [oil] taketh them away h dissolue them. 1582 
Hester Secr. Phiorav, 1. xxiii, 26 You must dissolue the 


DISSOLVE. 


Catarre first, and then helpe the Feuer. 1610 MARKHAM 
Masterp. 1. clxxiii, It cleanseth and dissolueth, and also 
comforteth, W. Cores Adam in Eden liv, It is avail- 
a cold Di oa di vi bey yak rom 
. To break up, dismiss, disperse (an assembly or 
collective wee ; to put an end to the association 
or connexion of; to terminate the existence of (a 
constituted body or association, e. g. of the monas- 
teries, and now esp. of Parliament.). 
Fasyan Chron. v. cxxxii. 116 When y® Kyng had 
his matiers .. he dissoluyd this cow S 


dissolved, 

not be dissolv 
b. ellipt. =dissolve parliament. 

1868 M. E. G. Durr Pol. Surv. 16 He immediately dis- 

solved and succeeded in throwing out most of the leading 

supporters of his predecessor. 

10. To undo (a tie, bond, knot) ; to put an end 
to, bring to an end (a relation of union, connexion, 
or association, etc.). 

c 1380 Wyciir Sed. Wks. 111. 163 Ffor prestis ben weddid 
wip God by holdyng of his lawe, and pis bond is dissolvyd 
both in lif and offs. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VI (an. 2) 86 
The... amitie betwene the Frenche and Scottishe nacions 
should be shortly broken and dissolved. _1§58 Br. Watson 
Sev. Sacram, xxvii. 173 The Knot of Matrimonie .. can 
not be broken and/dissolued. 1638 Sin T, Hersert 77av. 
(ed. 2) 95 An excellent sympathy and union, till Ganganna 
dissolv‘d it, having beene till then betwixt ‘em. 1767 
Biackstone Come, 11. 187 It is advantageous for the 
joint-tenants to dissolve the jointure. 1776 Giszon Dec. 
& F. 1. xvi. 384 They dissolved the sacred ties of custom 
and education. 1841 Lane Arad. Nis. 1. 63 When .. the 
marriage is dissolved. x C. Bronte Villette iii. (1876) 
18 The league .. thus struck up was not hastily dissolved. 
Mod. They have dissolved partnership, and started each on 
his own account. 

+b. To part, sunder (things united). Ods. 

1598 Suaks. Merry W.v. v. 237 She and I (long since 
contracted) Are now so sure that nothing can dissolue vs. 
1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit. §& Vowes 1. § 49 It unites one 
Christian soule to another so firmely, t no outward 
occurrences. .can dissolve them, 3 

11. To undo (something formally ordained or 
established) ; to destroy the binding power, autho- 
rity, force, or influence of; to annul, abrogate. 

1526 Piler. Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 15 It dissolueth and 
loseth all vowes. 1671 Mitton SS. 1149 To fr 
and dissolve these magic spells. ples Rollin's Anc. 
Hist, (1827) VIII. xix. viii. 259 To lve and annul all 
we have enacted. Scorr Last Minstr. 11. xiii, The 
running stream dissolved the spell, And his own elvish 
he took. 1891 Law Times XC. 403/t The Court of Appeal 
.. dissolved an injunction granted by Justice Kekewich, 

+b. To do away with as false or erroneous; to 
refute, confute. Ods. 

1529 More Dyaloge 67 b/t Whych obieccyon the author 
answereth and dyssolueth. gsr T. Witson Logike (1567) 
84b, The fault that is in the forme .. maie be Sealed 
when we shewe that the conclusion, is not well proued by 
the former proposicions. @1gss Puiror Exam. §& Writ, 
igeje Soc.) 414 All that these men are wont to allege .. 

all ready dissolved and..confuted. 1842 Asp. THomson 
Laws Th. § 127 (1860) 271 We may dissolve (Avew) the 
argument by showing its unfitness for proof because of 
some formal defect. 2 f 

+c. To — or reject the authority of. [repr. L. 
solvere of the Vulgate in 1 John iv. 3.] Obs. 

1388 Wycur 1 Yokn iv. 3 Ech spirit that dissolueth [g/oss, 
or fordoith) Jhesu is not of God [so 18a Khem. ; Vulg. qui 
solvit, after a Gr. v.7r.d die) Mitton Tetrach, 
Matt. xix. 3 Our Lord. ,intended not to dissolve Moses. 

12. To solve, resolve, explain (a question, doubt, 
etc.). ae Si tithicse Lael 

1549 Latimer 5th Serm, bef. Edw, V1, .) 132 

peace 8 and dissolue it. Tor- 
sect Four-f, Beasts (1658) 14 All.. that could not ve 


and dissolue doubts. 


II. Intransitive senses. ; 
13. To lose its integrity or consolidation; to 
become disintegrated ; 


1610 
insubstantiall Pageant behinde. 
1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 265 It dissolved to 


: 
5 
& 
i 


Now rare or Obs. pride it 
c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4480 ad i ag vem 


* sall expire, And dissolue as wax at fyre. 


DISSOLVED. 


§ Ad. 565 What wax so frozen but dissolves with tempering ? 
‘1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 66 While Mountain Snows 
dissolve against the Sun, 1729 T. Cooxr Zales, Proposals, 
§c. 40 The Wreck of Nature, the prodigious: Day, When 
adamantine Rocks dissolv’d away. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav. 
(1812) I. 9 The deep snow in the streets began to dissolve. 

b. To become liquefied by contact with or im- 
mersion in aliquid ; to melt ; to become diffused in 
a liquid, forming a solution. 

Sir T. Hersert 7rav. spade ft The fruit [banana] 
put into your mouth, dissolves and yeelds a most incom- 
bie relish. 1677 Grew Solution of Salts in Anat. 
Plants vii. (1682) 299 The Crystals of Tartar .. will scarce 
at all dissolve in Water. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 1. vi. 
25 We find Sugar will dissolve in the strongest Solution of 
Common Salt that can be made. 1873 A. W. WILLIAMSON 
Chem. for Students (ed. 3) xi. § 67 Blefiant gas dissolves 
considerably in water. bie? 

15. In various fg. applications of prec. senses : 
To become faint, faint away; to ‘become softened 
in feeling, to ‘melt’ (into tears, etc.) ; to become 
resolved zo something else, like a solid becoming 
liquid. 

1605 Suaxs. Lear v. iii. 203, I am almost ready to dis- 
solue, Hearing of this. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. 1. ii. (673) 
250 He dissolved into tears. a@1719 Appison tr. Ovid Wks. 
ue I. 177 The God dissolves in pity at her death. 1761 

uME //ist. Eng. III. lix. 279 He dissolved into a flood of 
tears. 1858 CartyLe Fred. Gt. (1865) IL. v. v. 99 Full of 
alarm dissolving into joy. 

16. Of an assembly or collective body : To break 
up into its individual constituents ; to disperse ; to 
lose its aggregate or corporate character. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 795 The company 
dissolved and departed. 1548 Patten Exfed. Scotd. in 
Arb. Garner ILI. 149 Our camp should, this day, dissolve. 
1667 Mitton P. ZL. u. 506 The Stygian council thus dis- 
solved. 1766 W. Gorvon Gen. Counting-ho. 30 When a 
fixed company dissolves. 1847 TeNNyson Princess Iv. 502 
She, ending, waved her hands: thereat the crowd Mutter- 
ing, dissolved. ee . 

17. To lose its binding force or influence. 

x61r Suaxs. Temp. v. i. 64 The charme dissolues apace. 
¢1750 SHENSTONE Llegies xi. 3 The charm dissolves; the 
aerial music ’s past. 

Dissolved (dizg'lvd), f//. a. [f. prec. +-ED1.] 

1. Reduced to its elements, broken up, disinte- 
grated, destroyed, annulled, dispersed, put an end 
to, etc.: see the verb. 

1541 R. CopLann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. Cj, Nature.. 
engendreth a flesshe for to holde y° dissolued parties. 1586 
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) §2 ‘The dissolued purpose 
of your good intention. 1634-5 Brereton 7rav. (Chetham 
Soc.) 157 We took up our lodging at Tinterden, a dissolved 
Abbey. . 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 366 The temple of 
Christ’s body was dissolved here, by the separation of his 
soul .. the raising of the dissolved temple was the quicken- 
ing of the body. ax83x A. Knox Rem. (1844) 1. 62 There 
could be no thought of re-submitting to the long dissolved 
chains, 187 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. xvii. 37 
The lands of a dissolved monastery. ity 

2. Melted ; held in solution by a liquid: see Dis- 
SOLVE 2. 

1707 Curios, in Husb. § Gard. 333 These dissolv'd Salts. 
1839 G. Birp Nat. Phil. 237 When various electrolytes are 
submitted in a dissolved, or fused state, to the action of the 
current from the voltaic battery. 1878 Huxtry Physiogr. 
116 All natural water. .contains such dissolved salts. 

+ Disso'lveless, a. Ods. rare. [f. DissoLvE 
+ -LESS: cf. guenchless, resistless, etc.] That 
cannot be dissolved ; indissoluble. 


1721 Cisper Perolla u, To cut this Gordian of dissolveless 
Love. — Lady's last Stake Prol., Those dissolveless fetters, 
Dissolvent (dizp'lvént), az. and sd. [ad. L. 
dissolvent-em, pr. pple. of déssolvére to DISSOLVE. 
Cf. F. dissolvant.] 
A. adj. Having the power to dissolve, disinte- 
grate, liquefy, etc.; solvent. ? Ods. 

1665 Hooke Microgr. 104 Salt-peter..abounds more with 
those Dissolvent particles, and therefore..a small quantity 
of it will dissolve a great. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 27 
Being mingled with some dissolvent juices. 1777 MacsripE 
in Phil. Trans, LXVIII. 119 note, On the dissolvent Power 
of Quicksilver. - 

Jig. 1840 Mitt Diss. § Disc., Enfranch. Women (1859) U1. 
436 The companionship of women .. often exercises a dis- 
solvent influence on high faculties and aspirations in men. 
@ 1876 M. Cottins in Pen Sketches 1. 212 Neither was 
constructive like Shakespeare, nor dissolvent, like Heine. 

B. sb. One who or that which dissolves, 

1. spec. A substance having the power to dissolve 
or disintegrate other substances ; a solvent, a men- 
struum ; ‘f formerly, in A/ed., a substance having 
the power of ‘ dissolving’ morbid concretions, etc. 
(see DissoLvE 8), (Also 7-8 dissolvant as in F.) 

1646 Sir T. hom Pseud, Ep. ir. iii. 68 1f the menstruum 
or | d t i é 


‘ n P oa 1658 R. 
Wurrtt tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 87 There is no dis- 


solvant in the world that can well calcine. A an but quick-- 


silver. x69r Ray Creation 1. (1704) 115 Fire—the only 
Catholic Dissolvent. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 234 Several 
:. have flatter’d th Ives, with obtai +. a universal 
Dissolvent. x82 Craic Lect. Drawing vii. 399 The alkali 
-. being by nature a dissolvent of the ground. 

2. gen. and fig. 

1835 F. Manoney in Fraser’s Mag. X1. 454 Wine is the 
great dissolvent of distrust. 1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. v. 
86 Dissolvents of the old E of domi 
ideas and facts we must all be. ex Morey Barneveld 
LI. xv. 186 The only dissolvent of this Union was the 
intention to perpetuate slavery, 


= 


515 


Dissolver (dizplva1). [f. Dissorve + -ER !.] 
One who or that which dissolves. 

1. One who or that which breaks up, disintegrates, 
destroys, puts an end to, etc. : see the verb, 

1611 Biste Dan. v, 12 Dissoluing of doubts [warg. of a 
dissoluer]. 1641 Mitton Pred. Efisc. (1851) 82 These men 
were the dissolvers of Episcopacie. @ 1735 ArsuTHNot (J.), 
Fire, and the more subtle dissolver, putrefaction. 1883 
Sir M, Witutams Relig. Th. in Ind. iii. 44 Rudra-Siva, the 
Dissolver and Reproducer. 

2. A substance that dissolves another substance ; 
a solvent : see DISSOLVE 2. 

1651 Brocs New Disp. 80 Such dissolvers, as are wont 
to be made of Aqua fortis and Regis. a@1788 WesLEY 
Serm. viii. Wks. 1811 IX. 114 It is the universal men- 
struum, the dissolver of all things under the Sun. 

3. a, An apparatus for dissolving some substance. 
b. A contrivance for producing dissolving views : 
see DISSOLVING Af/. a. b. ‘ 

1880 L. Lomas 4 /kali Trade 226 The top of the dissolver 
being covered with thin sheet iron. 1892 Daily News 
g Feb. 3/5 Apropos of dissolving views, an automatic dis- 
solver has been lately invented which will work in any 
single lantern. 

Dissolvible, var. of DissonvaBLE. 

Disso'lving, v/. sd. [f. Dissolve + -1nG1.] 
The action of the verb DIssoLVE (q.y.), in various 
senses ; dissolution. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xvi. vi. (1495) 555 The 
cytrine auripigment .. hath vertue of dyssoluyng and tem- 
prynge. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. //ist. (1619) 31, 1 am 
now ready to be offered, and the time of my dissolving 
is at hand. 1726 Leoni 4 lberti’s Archit. 1. 64/1 Moist 
through the dissolving of the Salt. 1849 Macautay //is¢. 
Eng. I, 270 Between the dissolving of one Parliament and 
the convoking of another. 

Disso'lving, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That dissolves, in various senses: sce the verb, 
a. trans. 

1620 VennerR Via Xecta vii. 151 The roots haue .. an 
opening and dissoluing faculty. 1821 SHELLEY Prometh. 
Und. w. 431 The dissolving warmth of dawn. 

b. zntr. 

Dissolving views, pictures produced on a screen by a 
magic lantern, one picture being caused gradually to dis- 
appear while another gradually appears on the same field. 

1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) IIL. 554 The Crack of 
the dissolving World, that is sinking into eternal Ruins. 
1821 SHELLEY //ed/as 1065 Faiths and empires gleam, Like 
wrecks of a dissolving dream. 1846 AZech. Mag. XLV. 486 
The present method of exhibiting the dissolving views. 
1886 A. Wincuett Walks §& Talks Geol. Field 278 The 
dissolving ice of the glacier. 

Hence Disso‘lvingly adv. 

1822 Mrs. E. Natuan Langreath Il. 322 A whining 
effort to be dissolvingly sentimental. 1832 ‘I'ENNYSON 
Eleanore 128 A languid fire creeps Thro’ my veins to all 
my frame, Dissolvingly and slowly. 

Dissonance (disénins). [ad. L. dissonantia 
dissonance, discrepancy, f. dissondnt-em Dus- 
SONANT: see -ANCE, Cf. F. déssonance (14th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.)] 

1. The quality or fact of being dissonant; an 
inharmonious or harsh sound or combination of 
sounds; =DiscorD 3a, 4.. sfec. in Music, A 
combination of tones causing beats (cf. Beat sé.1 
8), and thus producing a harsh effect ; also, a note 
which in combination with others produces this 
effect. 

1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat. Postscr., The Tralation of one of 
Persius his Satyrs into English, the difficultieand dissonance 
wherof shall make good my assertion. 1634 Mitton Comus 
548 The .. roar .. filled the air with barbarous dissonance. 
1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. vii. 123 Making 
false Musick and committing dissonances. 1711 ADDISON 
Sect. No. 29 P7 What is Harmony to one Ear, may be Dis- 
sonance to another. 1739 Metmotu Fi¢zosd. Lett. (1763) 64 
The harshness and dissonance of so unharmonious a sen- 
tence. 1795 SournEy Yoan of Arc vi. 180 With all the 
dissonance of boisterous mirth. 1875 OusELEY Harmony 
viii. Ble intruded new sound ..is called a Dissonance. 
The chord in which the Dissonance is heard, is called a Dis- 
cord. 188r BroapHousr Mus. Acoustics 301 The various 
degrees of dissonance are produced by beats. 

Fe. 3875 Hamerton /xfed/. Life v. vi. 196 Your shooting- 
coat, which was in tune upon the moors, is a dissonance 
amongst ladies in full dress. . 

2. Want of concord or harmony (between things) ; 
disagreement, incongruity ; = D1scorp 2. 

1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 47 To reconcile the dis- 
sonance of varying writers. 1735 Berketey Def. Free-th. 
in Math. § 43 The greatest dissonance, and even contrariety 
of opinions. 1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. xlvii. (1828) 1V. 

81 This puzzling variation and dissonance between the dif- 
ferent tribes. 1871 Tynpatt Fragmz. Sc. (1879) I. iii, 83 The 
molecules. .are in dissonance with the luminous rays. 

+Disssonancy. Obs. [ad. L. dissondniia: 
see prec, and -Ancy.] Dissonant quality, 

1, = Dissonance I. 

1657 W. Ranp tr. Gassendi’s Life of Petrescu. 147 Certain 
Treatises of C ies and pe ies. .and of musical 
composition or setting. xr71x SHarress. Charac. 1. § 2 
(737) I, 140 The rules of ony will not permit it ; the 

issonancys are too strong. | /ééd. (1737) I]. 462 In musick 
[there is] the chromatick kind, and skilful mixture of dis- 
sonancys. Me ce ij 

b. The combination of different’ sounds (in 
harmony). sonce-use. 
, 62x G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. x. (1626) 199 The Boet. .hau- 
ing tun'd his strings, In dissonancie musicall, thus sings. 


DISSTANDING. 


2. =DIssonance 2. (The more usual sense.) 

1584 R. Scor Discov, Witcher. x. iii. 144 A dissonancie in 
opinions about dreames. 1613 JACKSON Creed 1. xxxii. § 2. 
229 Their stile, character, or dissonancie to Canonicall 
Scriptures. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dudit. 1. iv, Those 
things. .haue no dissonancy from reason. C. Mater 
Magn. Chr. Vv. 1. (1852) 242 The objectors will find as much 
dissonancy from the scriptural example in their own prac- 
tice. 1748 J. GeppEs Compfos. Antients 351 He who loves 
not what he thinks good and honest .. dwells with discord 
and dissonancy. 

Dissonant (di-sdnant), a. (sd.) [a. F. dissonant 
(13th c. in Littré), or ad. L. dissondnt-em, pr. pple. 
of dissondre to disagree in sound, sound diversely, 
differ, f. Dis- 1 + sondre to Sounn.] 

1. Disagreeing or discordant in sound, inharmon- 
ious ; harsh-sounding, unmelodious, jarring. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk, (Camden) 117 Dissonant and 
jarring dittyes. 1597 Mortey /atrod. Mus. 71 Phi. Which 
distances make discord or dissonant sounds? A/a, All such 
as doe not make concords: as a second, a fourth, a seventh. 
1601 Hottanp Pliny 1. 9 As for the Moone, mortall men 
imagine. .[to] helpe her in such a case when she is eclipsed 
by dissonant ringing of basons. 1774 J. Bryant JMythol. 1. 
168 If the name was dissonant, and disagreeable to their 
ear, it was rejected as barbarous. 1876 tr. Blaserna’s 
Sound vii. 109 ‘Yo increase their resources..musicians have 
been obliged to have recourse to dissonant notes and 
chords. 

2. Out of agreement, accordance, or harmony, in 
any respect ; disagreeing, incongruous, discordant, 
at variance, different. Const. from, ¢o (rarely 
wth). (The earlier sense in English.) 

1490 Caxton Eneydos vii. 32 The maner of that countree.. 
was all dissonaunt & dishoneste in regarde to that of Dydo. 
1514 Cor. Bainprivce in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1. 226 
‘Thynges .. that be dissonant .. to your Graces honour or 
welthe of your Realme, 1613 Purcnas Pilervimage, Descr. 
/ndia (1864) 151 Opinions not altogether dissonant from the 
Scriptures. 1613 Jackson Creed 1. ix. § 1. 44 His conceit is 
not dissonant ynto the sacred storie. 1769 Burke Late 
State Nat, Wks. 1842 I. 75 The interests .. before that 
time jarring and dissonant, were.. adjusted. 41792 A. 
YounG Trav. France 260 An air of poverty and misery .. 
quite dissonant to the general aspect of the country. 1856 
Baimtey Ess., Angel in Ho. 237 Very dissonant from the 
innermost spirit of the poem. 1857 Hottanp Bay Path 
xxxiv. 4o7 [He] found himself dissonant with the spirit 
of the colony. 186r Maine Anc. Law iv. (1876) 84 An 
anomalous and dissonant jurisprudence. 

B. sb. A dissonant element ; a harsh sound of 
speech. 

(In quot. 1§79 the meaning is doubtful.) 

1579 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie & Soule 1, xxxi. 66 Haue y?® 
Alphabet letters in Iuorie. .or some other deuise conuenient 
..to carry aboute with them, as first a, then 4, after c, &c., 
then Consonants, after Dissonants, then Words, lastly Sen- 
tences. 1865 Emerson in //arfer’s Mag. Feb. (1884) 461 1 
Guttural consonants or dissonapts. 

Di-ssonantly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina 
dissonant manner; discordantly. 

1799 E. Du Bois Piece of Fam. Biog. 11. 199 Not very 
dissonantly from the opinion of the reader. 1838 D. Jer- 
RoLD Men of Char. M. Clear ii, The exclamation. .broke 
somewhat dissonantly on the conference. 

+Disssonate, a. Os. [ad. L. dissonat-us, 
pa. pple. of dissondre.] =Dissonant, 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 120 The worshyp and praying to 
Christ at the masse .. is dissonate to the sacred Scripture. 
1660 Z. Crorton St. Peter's Bonds abide 34 Not onely 
different... but also dissonat to his doctrine. 1779-81 Joun- 
son L. P., Cowley Wks. II. 66 His combination of different 
measures is sometimes dissonate and unpleasing. 

[Dissoned : see List of Spurious Words.] 

Dissonous (di'sdnas), a. rare. [f. L. disson-us 
dissonant +-ous.] Dissonant. 

1715 M. Davies A thex. Brit. 1. 284 Such dissonous con- 
cert of Canonical Musick. 

Hence Di'ssonously adv. 

1866 Morn, Star 18 Dec. 4 6 Unmistakeably (nay .. most 
dissonously) the squelched rats will squeal. 


+ Disso'rt, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis-6+Sorr v.] 
intr. Not to consort ; to be out of place, be incon- 
gruous. Hence Dissorrting A//. a. 

1631 Bratuwair Whimzies 66 He [a jayler] holds nothing 
more unprofitable to one of his place than pitty, or more 
dissorting than compassion. 


+Dissowl, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.] 
trans. To deprive of a soul. 

1622 H. Sypennam Serm. Sol. Occ. 11. (1637) 174 Man .. 
goeth. .dis-soul'd by the frailtie of the body to the captivitie 
of a grave. 

Dissour, var. D1sour. 

Disspaire, disspare, obs. ff. DESPAIR. 

Disspirit, Dissple, obs. ff. Disprrit, DIsPLE. 

Disspread: see Dispreap. 

+Disspu'r, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.] 
trans. To deprive (of spurs). 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars. ix, By a Varlet of his Spurres 
dis-spur’d, . 

+ Dissqui're, v. Ods. rare. [Dis-7b.] trans. 
To deprive of the rank or title of squire. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes ut. vi. 109 It is in great 


' Dispute .. whether this Launce-Bastinado .. did dis-Squire 


Sancho. 
+ Disstasnding, vé/. sb. Obs. [f. Dis- t + 
Stanp v.] A withstanding. 


c Digby Myst, ut. 196 A-3ens vs bey can mak no dys’ 


stonddyng. ‘ares 


DISSTATE. 


+ Dissta‘te, v. Olds. Also 7 distate. [f. Dis- 
7 + Srave sb.) trans. To remove (a thing) from 
its state or position ; to deprive of state. 

1605 Daniet Trag. Philotas 1. i. Wks. 1718 I. 318 Your 
Entertainments, Giftsand publick Grace That doth in jealous 
Kings distate the Peers. 1614 Svivester Bethulia's Rescue 
v. 266 To supplant his throne, Bereave his sceptre .. and 
himself disstate, 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 4 To distate the 
Truth of God and supplant the peace of the Churches. 

Dissuade (diswézid), v. Forms: 6-8 dis- 
swade, (6 dysswade, disuade, 6-7 di-, de- 
swade), 6- dissuade. [ad. L. dissuadé-re to ad- 
vise from or against, f. Dis- 1 + swddére to advise, 
urge ; cf. F. dzssuader (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. “rans. To give advice against (a thing}; to 
represent as unadvisable or undesirable. ? Ods. 

1513 More Rich. /// Wks. 43 The quene .. damning the 
time that euer shee dissuaded the gatheryng of power aboute 
the kinge. 1538 Bate 7hre Lawes 11 Perswadynge all 
truth, dysswadynge all iniury. 1560 WHITEHORNE Arte 
Warre (1573) 65a, To perswade or to diswade a thing vnto 
fewe is verye easie. 1611 E, Grimstone Hist. France 
1082 The Queene of Nauarre did much disswade this Alli- 
ance. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 293 Not diffident of thee 
do I dissuade Thy absence from my sight. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. 1x. 578 My friends..With mild entreaties my design 
dissuade. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 11. v. iv. 438 The 
Nabob dissuaded any further preparations. 1842 Sir J. 
Sternen Eccl, Biog., Founders Fesuitism (1850) 1. 205 His 
.. friends anxiously dissuaded a journey so full of peril. 

2. ¢rans. To advise or exhort (a person) against ; 
to disadvise, dehort (from). ? Ods. 

c 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Hist. (Camden, No. 29) 195 The duke 
dyd the lesse disswade kinge Richerd from usurping the 
kingdome. 1855 Even Decades Sect. 1., Peter Martyr's 
Dedication (Arb. 63) Ascanius. .dissuaded me from my pur- 
pose. But seeing that I was fully resolued to departe .. re- 
quired me to wryte vnto hym. 1605 Campen Jem. (1637) 
246 Some disswaded him to hunt that day; but he resolved 
tothe contrary. 1712 Appison Sfect, No. 411 P 7 He par- 
ticularly dissuades him from knotty and subtle Disquisi- 
tions. 1766 Go.psm. Vic, W. xiii, My wife very strenuous] 
insisted. Mr. Burchell on the contrary dissuaded her wih 
great ardour. 1848 Moztry Ess. /ist. & Theol. (1878) 1. 
402 They dissuaded him from the contemplated step .. but 
admitted .. that, if he insisted upon it, they could not 
forbid it. 

absol. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 1. i. 29 To disswade 
from bad factions. 1793 / rial of /yshe Palmer 55 Palmer 
dissuaded from the publication. 

3. ‘To divert or draw (a person) from a course 
or action by suasion or personal influence. 

1576 FLeminc /’anopl. Epist. 384 Yea I would (if I could) 
dissuade you from this intent. 1583 Stusses Anat. Abus, 
1. (1882) 20 Which thing altogither dissuadeth them from 
their bookes. 1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. Pref., Sufficient 
to disswade me from the undertaking. 1782 Miss Burney 
Cecilia v. iii, | have tried what is possible to dissuade him. 
1823 F. Ciissotp Ascent Mg. Blanc 8 Matthieu Balmat .. 
refused to accompany us; being dissuaded by his father. 
1844 H. H. Witson Srit. /ndia 11. 241 The Peshwa having 
been with difficulty dissuaded .. from flying to Purandhar. 
1847 EMERSON a Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 290 He.. 
was easily dissuaded from this pursuit. = 

absol., 1805 Soutney Madoc in W. xv, Gerald. .sought .. 
to dissuade By politic argument. 

Hence Dissua‘ded ///. a., Dissua‘ding v0/. si. 
and f/. a.; also Dissua‘der, one who dis- 
suades. 

1546 Bate Eng. Votaries 1. (R.) As though they were 
diswaders of marriage. 1552 HuLoet, Disswaded, adhort- 
atus, 1580 HottyBanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Destournement, 
a dissuading. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 82 
Epistles Dehorting and Disswading. 1643 Mitton Divorce 
Introd. (1851) 9 A civil, an indifferent, a sometime disswaded 
Law of mariage. 1880 KincLaAke Crimea VI. vi. 245 
Carrying all the dissuaders along with it. 

Dissuadent (diswéi-dént). rare. [ad. L. dis- 
suadént-em, pr. pple. of dissuadére to D1ssuavE.] 
One who or that which dissuades. 

1855 Ess. Intuit. Mor. 143 It sets forth as the dissuadent 
from Vice, the Pain of remorse. 

Dissuasion (diswét-zon).  [ad. L. dé'ssuéasion- 
em,n. of action f. dissuadére to DISSUADE ; or perh. 
a. F. déssuasion (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The 
action, or an act, of dissuading ; advice or exhorta- 
tion against something ; dehortation. 

1526 Pilgr, Perf. (1531) 289 But to this false disswasyon, 
it Is soone answered. 1 Coverpate Erasm, Par, 
Ephesians Prol., With slaunderous dissuasions, & perplexe 
impertinent interpretations. Bacon (¢itZe\, A Table of 
Coulers, or apparances of and euill, and their degrees 
as places of perswasion and disswasion. 1647 CowLry 
Mistress, Counsel iv, Ev’n 4 Dissuasions me persuade. 
1823 De Quincey Lett, Educ. 1. (1860) 8 This chapter. .is a 
dissuasion from Herder. 1863 Gro. Evior Romeola 1. xiii, 
He had not the courage to utter any words of dissuasion, 
1868 Browninc King § Bk, xu. 100 But for the dissuasion 


516 


Archives 1,88 Examples that have such a dissuasive 
upon men. 1742 Fierpinc F. Andrews ut. ii, The dissua- 
sive speech of Andromache. Lytton Harold u. i, 
ite all dissuasive ejaculations. 
. sb. A dissuasive speech or argument ; that 
which tends or is intended to dissuade. 

1629 tr. Herodian (1635) 25 This strong Disswasive of 
Pompeianus did. go Be of, abate the edge of the young 
Emperour. 1664 Jer. Tayior (tite), A Dissuasive from 
Popery, addressed to the people of Ireland. 1711 Appison 
Spect, No. 92 ® 5 A Dissuasive from the Play-House. 1830 

ackintosu Eth, Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 86 The success of 
persuasives or dissuasives .. must always be directly pro- 
portioned .. to the strength of the principle addressed. 
1894 Barinc-Goutp Kitty Alone Il. 123 To look with im- 
patience. .upon all dissuasives. 

Hence Dissua‘sively adv., Dissua’siveness 5). 

Q Bauey vol. Il, Dissuasiveness, dissuasive Quality. 
1864 eBsTER, Dissuasively. 1881 H. James Portr. Lad; 
xxiv, ‘Ah, really, Countess’, murmured Madame Merle 
dissuasively. : 

+Dissua‘sory, a. Obs. [f. L. type *dis- 
suasori-us, f. dissuasor dissuader: see -ory. Cf. 
It. disuasorio ‘ disswading, discouraging’ (Florio).] 
= DISSUASIVE a. 

1555 Hakrrsrie.n Divorce Hen. VIII, 90 The said 18 
chapter is partly dissuasory, partly teaching. 1586 A. Day 
Eng. Secretary \. (1625) 128 Of Epistles Dehortatorie, and 
Disswasorie. 

B. sb, = DISSUASIVE 58. 

1844 Jerrrey Contrib, Ed. Rev. WV. 272 This person. .has 
ill luck in all his dissuasories [orig. (in Ed. Rev. Oct. 1815, 
362) dissuasions.] a 

+ Dissubje‘ction. 00s. nonce-wd. [Dis- 9.] 
The opposite of subjection ; disobedience. 

1673 O. Waker Educ. 151 Dis-subjection to Laws and 
Magistrates. 

Dissubstantiate, v. vonce-wd. [Dis- 6.] 
trans. To deprive of substance or substantiality. 

1871 Fraser Life Berkeley x. 368 Hume and Positivism 
dissubstantiate spirits. 

Dissue, variant of DizzvE. 

+ Dissuetude. Ods. rare. [ad. late L. dis- 
suétido (Ambros.¢ 397) a becoming disaccustomed, 
disusing, f. dissuct- ppl. stem of dissuéscére = 
desuéscére, to become unaccustomed to, f. Dis- 4 + 
suéscére to become used to.] = DESUETUDE. 

a 1639 Srotriswoop //ist. Ch. Scot. v1. (1677) 464 His long 
dissuetude of the Country-language..made him unuseful at 
first. 1755 JouNson s.v. Désuse 1, Cessation of use, dissue- 
tude; want of practice. a ‘ 

Dissui‘table, a. rave. [Dis-10.] Not suit- 
able, unsuitable. So Dissuited ff/. a. - 

1807 Soutnry Espriedia's Lett. 11. 195 The sort of frame 
through which it was seen [was] not dissuitable to the 
picture. 1820 — Let/, (1856) II]. 189 Hexameters .. are in 
no respect dissuited to the genius of our language. 

Dissunder (dissy‘ndas), v. [f. Dis- 1 or 5 + 
SuNDER v.] ¢rans. To sunder, sever, dissever. 
Hence Dissu‘ndered /f/. a., separated, dis- 
severed. 

1580 IT. M[uccaster] in Baref’s Alv. To Rar. i, Like Beé 
he manie a yeére did moile, In large wide fields, that far 
dissundred beé, 16rg Cuarman Odyss. 1. 36 He himself 
solemniz’d a retreat To th’ Aethiops, far dissunder’d in 
their seat. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1. ut. xxv, Who 
can this strength dissunder? 1808 J. Bartow Columéb. 1x. 
450 Diffused o'er various far dissunder’d lands. 1858 
SINGLETON Aencid vii. 438 The Gorgon .. Her eyeba' 
rolling with dissundered neck. 

Dissury, obs. form of Dysury. 

+ Disswee'ten, v. Ols. [Dis-6.] /vans. To 
deprive of sweetness ; to unsweeten. 

1622 W. Wuatecey God's usb. 1, 82 The gawdes of this 
world would not .. beguile vs, the cumbers of this world 
would not..gawle vs, if wee did dis-sweeten the one .. a 
dis-imbitter the other, 1647 Trare Marrow Gd, Auth. in 
Comm, Epist. etc. 656 An evil, unquiet conscience will 
extremely dissweeten a full cup of outward comforts. 1667 
Fiavet Saint Indeed (1754) 125 That fellowship is so dis- 
sweetened by remaining corruptions. 

Dissyde, obs. form of Decing. 

Dissyllabe: see DisYLLABE. 


Dissyllabic, -able, etc.: see DisyL.asic, 
DISYLLABLE, etc. . 
etric (dissime‘trik), a, =next. 
1884 ‘T'ynvALt Introd. to Life of Pasteur 17 He may 
comfort himself by the assurance that the conception of a 


dissymmetric molecule is not a very precise one. 
Dis etrical (dissime'trikal), a. [D1s- 
10.] a. The opposite of symmetrical. b. Sym- 


metrical, but in opposite directions, like the two 
hands. ‘ 

In Chem. said spec. of crystals haying two correspondin, 
forms, but turned in different Sections (like an object an 


of two eyes .. He abstained, nor graced the spectacle. 
+b. The condition of being dissuaded; a per- 
suasion of the ns Obs. 
1553 Baie Gardiner's De Vera Obed. (ed. 3) Av, He 
runneth post haste into a contrarye Dissuasion. 
Dissuasive (diswé'siv), a. and sd. [f. L. type 
*dissuasiv-us, £. dissuas- ppl. stem of dessuadere : 
see DissuabE and -IvE; cf. F. dissuastf, -ive. 
A. adj. Tending to dissuade; characterized by 
dissuasion ; dehortatory. 
moe M. Man in Moone (1849) 12 If 1 should extract 
th st counsell I coulde, being disswasive your 


its refl in a mirror); also of molecules in which the 
atoms are supposed to be thus arran; 

1867 G. Masson tr. Yanet's Materialism 75 Two substances 
are F pve Greg choecsancyp pes they are absolutely ae 
in respects, except that t! are opposed to each other 
like the two hands ¥ the human body. 1880 CLemENsHaw 


DISTAFF. 


Dissymmetry (dis)si‘métri). 
Lack or absence of symmetry. b. 


isposed 
such as the right and left hands or feet, or between 
crystals alike in all respects, save that their angles 
lie opposite ways. ; 
1845 Stocgueter Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 124 The 
er vessels of the country, fF to look upon even for 
their strange dis-symmetry and their juent unwieldi- 
ness. tr. Schutzenberger s Ferment. 6 is aremarkable 
lecture on molecular a, met M. Pasteur had established 
an im t distinction between artificial organic 
1881 W. Srottiswoove in Nature XXIV. 546 re isa 
dissymmetry at the two ends of a battery. Daily News 
Sept. 7/2 Pasteur. . propounded the theory that molecular 
issymmetry, which is noticed when a beam of i 
light is caused by certain solutions to rotate, was . 
istic of living matter and its products. 
Dissympathy (dis)si-mpapi). xonce-wd. [Dis- 
9.] Absence of sympathy. 
1860 WorcEsTER cites JOHNSTON, 
Dissy‘nagogue, v. zonce-wd. [Dis- 7¢.] 
trans, To punish by casting out of the syna- 


gogue. 

a 1655 Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 225 The synagogues had 
a form of dissynagoguing offences. 

Distache, early form of Deracu v. 

+ Dista'ckle, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7a + TAcKLE 
sb.] trans. To deprive (a ship) of its tackle. Hence 
Dista‘ckled A//. a., deprived of tackle. 

1589 W. Ad. Eng. u. Prose Add. (16 Ath h 
Fig laaarammeuits ok took: tom Boe any J : Mea ee 
distackled Fleete to the shore a lings. 

(di'st&d), adv, [f. stem of Dist-ant + 
-ad: cf, Dextrap.] In the direction of the end or 
distal part of a limb, etc. 

a . Barcray New Anat. Nomen. 166 Distad, towards 
the distant aspect. 1808 — Muscular Motions 442 A small 
bone extending a short way distad onthe leg. 1872 Mivart 
Elem. Anat. iw. (1873) 175 The phalanges .. decreasing in 
length distad. 1882 Winoes & Gace Anat. Techn, 27 Thus 
we say, the elbow is distad of the shoulder .. the humerus 
extends distad from the shoulder. 

Distaff (distaf). Forms: 1 disteef, 4-5 distaf, 
5 dysestafe, 5-6 dystaf(fe, 6-7 distaffe, 5~ dis- 
taff. //. distaffs (5-7 distaves). [OE. diste/, 
supposed to be for dés- or dise-stef, the second 
element being the sb. Starr; dés or dése is app. 
identical with LG. diesse (Bremen Whch.) a bunch 
of flax on a distaff, and connected with Dize, Dizen 
‘to put tow on a distaffe’ (Ray).] 

1. A cleft staff about 3 feet long, on which, in the 
ancient mode of spinning, wool or flax was wound. 
It was held under the left arm, and the fibres of the 
material were drawn from it through the fingers of 
the left hand, and twisted oxianlly te the actoane 
and thumb of the right, with the aid of the suspen 
spindle, round which the thread, as it was twisted 
or spun, was wound. 

c1000 AErric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 125/21 Colus, distaf. 
¢1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. T. 563 And Malkyn with a 
dystaf in hir hand. 1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) ILL. 33 
Sardanapallus a e reed selk at pe distaf. ¢ x4 
Pict. Voc. in Wr-Wiilcker 794/14 Hee colus, a di 
1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1.1.2 Wymen comynly do not 
entremete but to spynne on the distaf. 1§23 Firzners. 
Hush. § 146 Let thy-dy staffe be alwaye redye for a pastyme. © 
1621 Burton Anat. Med. 1. iv. 1. ii. (1651) 651 Tradesmen 
left their shops, women their distaves. Howses Odyssey 
(1677) 78 Others with their distaves sate to he 
Dryven Virg. Georg. Vv. 475 One common Work ply’ . 
their Distaffs full With nied Locks of blue Milesian Wooll. 
1816 Scorr BZ. Dwar/iii, Serving w Sate plying theis 
distaffs. 1871 R. Extis Catudlus yy - Sing! left 
[hand] upbore in wool soft-hooded a distaff. 1876 Rock 
Text. Fabr, 2 Spinning from a distaff is even now common 
--all through Italy. | 

b. In proverbial and figurative phrases. + 70 
have tow on one’s distaff; to have work in hand or 
trouble in store (ods.). 

1386 Cuaucer Miller's T. 588 He hadde moore tow on 
his distaf Than Gerueys knew. a1420 Hoccreve De Reg. 
Prine. 1226 Towe on my dystaf have I for to spynne More 
..than ye wote of yit. 525 Lo. Berners /roéss. 11. clxxiv. 
{clxx.] 520 In shorte space he shall haue more flax to his 
dystaffe than he can well spynne. 1546 J. Heywoop Prov. 
(1867) 60 If they fyre me, some of shall wyn More 
towe on their di than they can well spyn. | 
are, Piljette XXY, The whole of my patience is now spun 

the distaff, 

2. The staff or ‘rock’ of a hand spinning-wheel, _ 
upon which the flax to be spun is placed. 

1766 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts s.v. Spinning, Performed on 
the wheel with a distaff and spindle. 1828 Wenster, Dis- 
taf, the staff of a spinning-wheel, to which a bunch of flax 
or tow is tied and from which the thread is drawn. 

8. As the type of women’s work or occupation. 

1386 Cuaucer Monk's Prol. 19 She rampeth in my face 
And crieth..I wol haue thy knyf And thou shalt haue my 
distaf and go T= HAKS. Lear I, ii, 17, 1 must 


eae 


Wurts' Atom, Th. 303 The dissymmetrical compounds thus 
formed are. .a mixture in equal of dextro-rotatory 
and levo-rotatory bodies. NDALL /ntrod. to Life of 


Pasteur 17 Pasteur invoked the aid of helices and magnets, 
with a view to rendering crystals dissymmetrical at the 
moment of their formation. 

Hence Dissymme'‘trically adv. 

1880 Ciamensuaw Wurts' Atom, Th. 303 Dissymmetri- 


tobacko-taking, you would take it in snuffe. 1684 Pennsylv 


cally opp P 


ge names at. and giue the Distaffe Into my ee 

bands hands. 1611 — C; mb, v. ik, 34 Their owne Noble- 

nesse, which could haue turn’d A Distaffe, toa Lance. 

B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 63 The women. .so ly 
iled the Town-H: u to make 


our such A 
taffs ! passe Pont C06 1. ot ee 
Senmad Geter for the distal? the spear, 


‘DISTAIN. 


~b. Hence, symbolically, for the female sex, 
female authority or dominion; also, the female 
‘branch of a family, the ‘spindle-side’ as opposed 
to the ‘spear-side’; a female heir. 

Fasyan Chron, vu. 329 He wolde not haue so noble 
a lordshyp runne amonge, or to be deuydyd atwene so many 
dystauys [i.e. his four daughters]. 1602 Carew Cornwall 
(1723) 152 b, M. Militon.. whose sonne being lost in his 
trauaile beyond the seas, enriched 6 distaffs with his inherit- 
ance. 1644 HoweL. Lng. Tears (1645) 180 Some say the 
Crozier, some say the Distaffe was too busie. 1659 B. Harris 
Parival's Iron Age The Singios is hereditary, and for 
‘want of an heir male, it falls to the Distaff. x Puitiirs 
(ed. Kersey) s.v. Distaf7, The Crown of France never falls 
to the distaff. 1862 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. (1865) II. 1x. i. 63 
Old Anton being already fallen into the distaff, with nothing 
but three Granddaughters. : 

4, attrib. and Comb., as distaff-business, -right, 
-woman; distaff side, the female branch of a house 
or family; distaff’s or St. Distaff’s day, the day 
after Twelfth Day or the Feast of the Epiphany, 
on which day (Jan. 7) women resumed their spin- 
ning and other ordinary employments after the 
holidays; also called rock-day; distaff cane, a 
species of reed, the stems or canes of which are used 
for distaffs, arrows, fishing-rods, etc.; distaff 
thistle, a name of Carthamus lanatus (Cirsium 
Zanatum), from its woolly flowering stems. 

1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, ut. ii. 118 Against thy State Yea 
Distaffe-Women manage rustie Bills. @ 1633 Lennarp tr. 
Charron's Wisd, 1. vii. § 6 (1670) 409 This inconvenience 
followeth the friendship of married couples, that itis mingled 
with so many other strange matters, children, parents of the 
one side and the other, and so many other distaff-businesses 
that do many times trouble and interrupt a lively affection. 
1648 Herrick /esfer., St. Distaff?’s Day, Partly worke and 
partly play Ye must on S. Distaff’s day. [/éid., Give 
S. Distaffe all the right, Then bid Christmas sport good 
night.) 1715 Petiver in PAil. Trans. XX1X. 234 This 
differs from the Distaff-Thistle in having its upper Stalks 
woolly like Cobwebs. 1869 Hazuitr Prov. §& Phrases 304 
On St. Distaff’s Day, neither work nor play. 1884 Miter 
Plant-n., Distaff Cane, Arundo Donax. 1890 Temple Bar 
Mag. Nov. 311 ‘Is there insanity in Byng’s blood?’ Not 
certainly on the distaff side, the side of his eminently sane 
and wholesome mother. 1895 Pottock & Martianp //ist. 
Eng. Law M1. 305 For a male to get a share by ‘distaff 
right’ [zure coli] was by no means uncommon. 

Distain (distéin), v. arch. Forms: 4 de-, 
disteign, 4-6 de-, disteyne, 5 destayne, 5-6 
dysteyn, 5-7 distayn(e, 6 desteine, Sc. distene, 
(pa. pple. distaint), 6-7 destaine, distein(e, dis- 
taine, 6-9 destain, 6-distain. [a. OF. destedndre 
(stem desteign-), mod.F. déteindre = Pr. destengner, 
Sp. destefiir, Com. Rom. f. des-, Dis- 1 + L. tingére 
to dye, colour, Tince. The prefix has been con- 
formed to the L. type.] 

1. trans. To imbue or stain (a thing) with a 
colour different from the natural one ; to discolour, 
stain, dye, tinge. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 65 Whan his visage is so desteigned. 
1586 Martowe 1st Pt. Tambur?. m., ii, The tears that so 
distain my cheeks. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 11. xlix, 9, I found 
her golden girdle cast astray Distaynd with durt and blood. 
1612 Drayton Poly-olb. viii. 113 The Romans that her 
‘streame distained with their gore. 1704 OLpm1xon Blenheint 
iii, 11 Whose golden Sands are now distain’d with Blood. 
1839 Baitey /estus xxi. (1852) 382 Like autumn’s leaves 
distained with dusky gold. 

2. transf. and fig. To defile ; to bring a blot or 
stain upon; to sully, dishonour. 

1406 Hoccteve Misrule 340 Among an heep my name is 
now desteyned, 7436 Pol. Poents (Rolls) IL. 159 Make fade 
the floures Of pagans state, and disteyne oure honnoures. 
1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, v. iii. 322 You hauing Lands, and 
blest with beauteous wiues, They would restraine the one, 
distaine the other, 1622 AinswortH Axnot. Song Sol. 
vy. 3, | washt my feet, how shall I them distaine? c¢1750 
Suenstone Elegies ix, 39 A soul distain’d by earth and 
gold. 1788 Burns JZ vson's Farewell vy, May coward 
shame distain his name, The wretch that dare not die! 1873 
Morris Love is Enough 107 Surely no shame hath de- 
stained thee. x Dixon 7'wo Queens IV. xx. vi. 93 You 
would not that.. ould so distain mine honour or con- 
science. : : i 

+3. To deprive of its colour, brightness, or 
splendour ; to dim ; to cause to pale or look dim ; 
to outshine. Ods, 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 216 Alceste is here that al that 
may desteyne. did. 274 (Fairf. MS.) As the sonne wole 
the fire disteyne So passeth al my lady souereyne. 1633 
P. Frercuer Purple Jsl. vi, ix, These lights the Sunne 
distain. 

Hence Distained ///. a., Distaining vd/. sd. 

a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ, Ord. 69 Which mought be 
“made..ne ware the adventure of distaynynge of that 
other part. 1580 Hottysanp /reas. Fr. Tong, Enlaidisse- 
ment, a dishonestie, a distayning, adefiling. 1390 MarLowr 
and Pt. Tamburl, w. i, Shame of nature, which Jaertis’ 
stream..Can never wash from thy distainéd brows! 1838 
Lyrron Calderon viii, Distained and time-hallowed walls. 

+ Distain, sd. Obs. rare—}. 
Tint, stain, colouring. 

1581 Ricu /areweld (1846) 133 To furnishe me with colours 
to make the perfect distaine of the beautie in your face. 

+ snted, fa. pple. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. 
Dis- 5+ Taint v.} Infected, corrupted. 

_3599 I. Mlouret] Sivkwormes 44 From egges of euery 
Creature good, Sprang nought distainted but this little 
broode. : 


[f. prec. vb.] 


517 


Distal (distal), a. [f. stem of Disv-anr + -AL, 
after dorsal, ventral, etc.] Anat. Situated away 
from the centre of the body, or from the point of 


| origin (said of the extremity or distant part af a 


limb or organ) ; terminal. Opp. to proxzmal. 

1808 J. Barcray Muscular Motions 415 Vhe bones of the 
distal phalanx. 1814 J. H. Wisnarr tr. Scarfa’s Treat. 
Hernia p. xvi, Each pair of the extremities. . have a proxi- 
mal and a distal end; the former being that nearest the 
trunk, the latter that most remote. 1875 Darwin /usectiv. 
Pl. x. 251 From the distal to the basal end ofa leaf. 1881 
Muvart Cat 37 The paw is the distal part of a limb. 

b. trans. 

31882 D. Hooper in Standard 10 Oct. 2/2 The drainage- 
pipes are..very imperfectly .. connected at their proximal 
or house termination, although they must, by the Act, be 
well connected at their distal or main drain termination. 
1885 Kiein Jicro-organ. & Dis, (1886) 20 ‘Vhe distal end of 
the tube is introduced. .into the neck of the sterilised flask. 
1894 Westm. Gaz, 20 June 3/2 ‘The distal message can be 
reproduced type-written. 

Distally (distali), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a distal direction ; at the distant or outer end. 

1870 Rotteston Anim, Life 12 Their distally bifid trans- 
verse processes increase in size. 1872 Mivarr Llem, Anat, 
71 Ribs may also bifurcate distally. 

Distance (di'stins), sb. Forms: 3 destance, 
4 -aunce, distawns, 4-6 distans, dis-, dys- 
taunce, 5 dis-, dystawnce, distauns, 3-distance. 
[a. OF. destance, distance (13th c. in Littré), ad. L. 
distantéa ‘standing apart’, hence ‘separation, 
opening (between) ; distance, remoteness ;_ differ- 
ence, diversity’, f. déstdnt-em pr. pple., Distant. 
By a further development, OF. destance had the 
sense ‘ discord, quarrel’, which was also the earliest 
in Eng. In senses adopted directly from Latin, the 
form distance was used in OF., and this soon be- 
came the only form in Eng. The chronological 
appearance of the senses does not correspond to the 
logical development in L.] 

I. [from OF. destance discord, quarrel.] 

+1. The condition of being at variance ; discord, 
disagreement, dissension; dispute, debate. 

(After 1600, passing into the sense of ‘ estrangement, cool- 
ness ; cf. sense 8.) 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 511 The barons sende to the King 
Philip of France, ‘That he hom sende socour in this luther 
destance. 1375 Barsour Bruce vu. 620 Emang thame su- 
danly Thair raiss debate and gret distans. 1393 Gowrr 
Conf, 111, 348 And thus we fellen in distaunce My prest 
and I. a1g00 Octouian 1523 He was y-take with greet 
destaunce And other kynges four. c1430.LypG. M/én. Poems 
(1840) 60(Matz.) Triew people to sette at distaunce. ¢ 1470 
Harpinc Chron. crm. i, In Wales Morgan made war & 
great distaunce. 1523 Lp. Berners /7oiss. I. ccclvii. 578 
They were in suche vnyte, that there was no dystaunce 
amonge them. 1605 Suaxs. A/acd. ut. i, 115. 1667 Pepys 
Diary (1877) V. 18 This. .do breed a kind of inward distance 
between the King and the Duke of York. 1752 Fietpinc 
Amelia i. ii, There was some little distance between them, 
which I hoped to have the happiness of accommodating. 

+b. With @ and Z/. An instance of this; a 

quarrel, a disagreement ; in later use, an estrange- 
ment. Ods. 
_ ¢1290 Beket 1267 in S, Eng. Leg. 1. 142 A destaunce pare 
is isproungue li3tliche in Engelonde, bat destourbez al bat 
lond. 1297 R. Gouc. (1724) 570 Suppe ber was at Londone 
a lute destance, ich wene. ¢1330 R. BruNNE Chron. (1810) 
294 Bituex pe kyng of France & be erle William Was bat 
tyme a distance. tae Lypc. Bochas i. vii. (1554) 79 a, 
He told them plainly of a great distaunce. .and a discencion. 
1650 B. Déiscolliminium 30 It would allay and heale many 
great distances, and procure many .. friends. 1666 Perys 
Diary 10 Sept., There have been some late distances 
between his lady and him. 

+c. Without distance: without debate, discord, 
or opposition ; often parenthetically qualifying the 
statement: Without dispute or contradiction, as- 
suredly, ‘ ywis’. Ods. 

¢ 1325 Coer de L. 2032 In March moneth, the Kyng of 
Fraunce Went to ship without distaunce. ¢1400 Ca/o's 
Morals 320 in Cursor M. p. 1673, & pou se first chaunce, 
[co]me wip-out distaunce, first pou hit take. c1430 Syr 
Yryam. 1017 And let owre londys be in pees, Wythowtyn 
any dystawnce. ¢1460 Towneley Myst. 21 Sex hundreth 
yere and od have I, without distance, In erth. .liffyd. 14.. 
Cokwold’s Daunce 136 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 44 After mete 
with out distans, The cokwolds schuld together danse. 

II. [from L. distantia in sense ‘ difference ’.] 

+2. Difference, diversity. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir Dext. i. 17 Noon shal be distaunce of per- 
sones, 148x Caxton Myrr. 1. xiv. 46 She gyueth to one 
somme thyng that another hath not in hym, few be it that 
noman can perceyue any distaunce. 1556 Axrelio § /sad. 
(1608) G vij, There is yet founde in suche errour grete dis- 
tance betwene affection and reason. 

III. [from L. déstanitia, F. distance, in the sense 
of ‘ being apart in space’.] 

3. The fact or condition of being apart or far off 
in space ; remoteness. 

1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 23 Places .. 
that are not more than a little league in distance. 1660 
HIckerincitL Yamaica (1661) 54 Distance and absence 
usually enhanceth the affections of near friends, 1709 Pore 
Ess. Crit. 174 Which..Due distance reconciles to form and 
grace. 1799 CamppBe.t Pleas, Hope 1. 7 "Tis distance lends 
enchantment to the view. 1820 SHELtey Let, to AZ. Gis- 
borne 287 Afar the Contadino’s song is heard, Rude but 
made sweet by distance. . 


DISTANCE. 


4. The extent of space lying between any two 
objects ; the space to be passed over before reach- 
ing an object. With @ and £/., an intervening 
space. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 123/1 Distawnce of place [P. or 
space] betwene ij thyngys, d/stancia. axsq4x Wyatt in 
Vottell’s Misc, (Arb.) 74 When I think vpon the distaunce, 
and the space: That doth so farre deuide me from my 
dere desired face. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM Cossogr. Glasse 10 
‘The sterres kepe one uniforme distance in moving. 1608 
D. T. Ess. Fol. §& Mor. 96 Ther is too great a distance 
betweene us and thee. 1663 Grerpier Counsel 34 A Head 
[consists] of so many distances between the one Eye and 
the other. 1690 Locke //w. Und. ut. xiii. (R.) This space 
consider’d barely in length between any two beings, with- 
out considering anything else between them, is called dis- 
tance, 1712 J. James tr. Le Blonda's Gardening 160 Vhe 
Plants are spaced out..at three Foot Distances. 1860 
‘Tyxpatt Glac, 1. x. 66 The width of the fissure seemed to 
be fairly within jumping distance. 1868 Lockyer Elem. 
Alstron., ii. $7 (1879) 38 Astronomers now know the distance 
of the Sun from th® Earth. 1891 Sfecfator 28 Feb., ‘The 
wedge-formation is abandoned. .and the ducks fly in single 
file, though the ‘distances’ are always accurately kept. 

+b. Lineal extent. Obs. rare. 

1582 N, Licuertecp tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. xxix. 
72 b, Whether it were a firme landé, as it did appeare .. by 
the great distance of the Coast that they had found. 

5. Technical applications of 4. a. A/élit, The 
space between man and man when standing in 
rank ; also the space between the ranks. 

Distance of di ons ‘is the number of paces, of thirty 
inches each, comprised in the front of any division or body, 
and is nearly three-fourths of the number of files’ (Stoc- 
queler 1853). Déstance of the bastion (Fortif., ‘a term 
applied to the exterior polygon’ (¢éz:.). . 

1635 Barrirre A777, Discip. vi. (1643) 24 Distance is the 
space of ground, betweene man and man, either in file, or 
Ranke. 1690 S. Sewaut. Diary 24 Mar. (1878) I. 316, I goe 
into the field, pray with the South Company, Exercise 
them in a few Distances, Facings, Doublings. 1833 A’eg 
Lusty. Cavatry 1. 67 Take Distance .. A horse’s len 
half distance. /é/d¢. 122 The Files prove distance di- 
rected, 1859 F. A. Grieritus Artil. Aan. (1862) 16 Open 
to quarter (or wheeling) distance from the front. P 

b. Fencing. A definite interval of space to be 
observed between two combatants. 

1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. u. iv. 21 He fights as you sing 
pricksong, keeps time, distance, and proportion, he rests 
his minum, one, two, and the third in your bosom. 1612 
— Wint. 7. 1. 1. 233 In these times you stand on distance : 
your Passes, Stoccado’s, and I know not what. 1684 R. H. 
School Recreat. 74 Being within Distance, approach with 
your first Motion. 1809 RoLtaxp /eaucing 31 The words 
measure and distance are frequently used promiscuously, 
they being synonymous in Fencing. 

e. Horse-racing. The space measured back from 
the winning-post which a horse must have reached, 
in a heat-race, when the winning horse has covered 
the whole course, in order not to be ‘distanced’ 
or disqualified for subsequent heats. 

(The practice is obsolete in England, but not in U.S., 
where ‘distances’ varying according to the length of the 
course are in use in trotting and running races.) 

1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (1686) 75 A Horse-length 
lost by odds of Weight in the first Train, may prove a dis- 
tance in the streight Course at last; for the Weight is the 
same every Heat tho his strength be not. 1723 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 6172/4 ‘The Horse... that wins two Heats and saves 
his Distance a third too, wins the Plate. 1810 Sporting 
Mag. XXXVI. 241 When about two distances from home 
.. his colt hung upon the former. 1875 ‘SToNEHENGE’ 
Brit. Sports 1.1. xiv. § 2. 490 A round, flat course, short 
of two miles by a distance. 1894 Standard 20 Oct. 6/t 
‘The 2000 yards—a mile and a distance, ‘ distance’ being the 
term for a measurement of 240 yards—of the new Cam- 
bridgeshire course. 

+d. A/us. An interval. Oés. 

155 Rosinson tr. A/ore's Utop. (Arb.) 116 No other liu- 
inge creature. .perceaueth the concordaunte and discordant 
distaunces of soundes, and tunes. 1684 R. H. School 
Recreat. 120 ‘Two lesser Distances .. named Semitones. 
1797 Monthly Mag. \11. 226 ‘They exhibit the author as 
straining after novelty by eccentric distances, and by move- 
ments out of cathedral time. 

e. In various technical phrases, as Foca d., 
Powar d., ZENITH @., etc.: see also these words. 

1696 Puiturs, Distance ..in Navigation .. signifies the 
number of Degrees, Leagues, &c., that a Ship has fail’d 
from any purposed point; or the Distance in Degrees, 
Leagues, &c., of any two Places. 1727-51 CHamBERs Cycé., 
Line of Distance, in perspective, is a right line drawn from 
the eye to the principal point .. Point of Distance, in per- 
spective, is a point in the horizontal line at such distance 
from the principal point, as is that of the eye from the 
same. 1762 Fatconer Shipwr. 1. 748 Thus height and 
polar distance are obtain’d, Then latitude and declination 
gain’d. 1795 Gentl, Mag. 541/1 Objects .. placed beyond 
the focal fdas 1819 Jas. Witson Dict. Astrol. 81 ‘The 
distance of any place is found by subtracting the ascension 
of the preceding part, or its descension, from that of the 
succeeding part. 1832 Nat. Philos., Electr. vi. § 87. 23 
(Useful Knowl. Soc.) The distance between the conducting 
bodies requisite for the transfer of electricity through the 
air, or what is termed the striking distance. 1834 /éid., 
Navig. 1. ii. § 12 The ‘lines which make with the meridian 
lines the angles called courses are called nautical distances. 
1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 22/2 This common word .. is very 
fr ly applied to lar di ing the angle 


of separation which the directions of two bodies include .. 
In the apparent sphere of the heavens, distance always 


means angular distance. 1876 Gwitt Excycl. Archit, Gloss., 
Distance of the Eye, in perspective, the distance of the 
— oon the picture in a line perpendicular to the plane 
therecf. 


DISTANCE. 


6. fe. Remoteness, or — of remoteness, in 
any relation to which spatial terms are transferred 
or figuratively applied; e.g. in likeness, relation- 
ship, allusion, degree, etc. ‘Ideal disjunction, 
mental separation’ (J.). 

1667 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 108 This .. was soe 
much resented that Mr. Vernon in a sermon at S. Marie’s 
told the auditory at a distance of it [#¢. by a distant allu- 
sion], 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P.93 A Shiek is a 
Cousin too, at a distance. a1715 Burnet Time (1823) 
I. 393 They did it at so great a distance, that .. there was 
no danger of misprision of treason. 1871 B. Stewart 
Heat § 301 Some [substances] being near their melting- 
points, others at a great distance from them. 1875 Maine 
Hist. Inst. ii. 30 The mistake .. I conceive to have been 
an effect of mental distance. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm. 
iii, (1877) 67 The distance of an end raises the rank of the 
labour undergone for it. 

+7. Position (high or low) with respect to others; 
class, rank. Obs. rare. 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. vin. ii. § 33,41 am not satisfied in 
what distance properly to place these persons. Some .. 
will account it too high, to rank them amongst Tn 
and surely, I conceive it too low, to esteem them but bare 
Confessours. 

8. Of relations of personal intercourse: Remote- 
ness in intercourse, the opposite of intimacy or 
familiarity, arising from disparity of rank or station, 
or exclusiveness of feeling: hence, on the one part, 
a. Aloofness, ‘ stand-off-ness’, excessive reserve or 
dignity ; on the other, b. Deferential attitude, de- 
ference. 

1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 1531 With safest distance 
1 mine honour shielded. /é¢d. 237 She.. kept cold distance, 
and did thence remove, To spend her living in eternal love. 
Fi Oth. 1. iii. 13 He shall in strangenesse stand no 
farther off, Than in a politique distance. 

a 1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 294 He was 
a benigne and courteous Prince, affectionate .. without 
state or distance. 1738 Neav //ist. Purit, 1V. 88 To let 
them see how little he valued those distances he was bound 
to observe for form sake with others. 1765 Orton Jem. ?. 
Doddridge viii. 199 He had contracted nothing of that 
moroseness and distance. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 11. 
V. vii. 620 They put on the forms of distance; and stood 
upon elevated terms. 1827 Macautay Country Clergym. 
Trip vi, No fleering ! no distance ! no scorn, 

b. 1689 Andros Tracts 11. 107 The Government expects 
to be treated with more Distance and Difference. 1699 
Benttry Phal. 287 I'll observe the respect and distance 
that’s due to him from his Scholar. a@1700 Drypen (J.), 
I hope your modesty Will know, what distance to the 
crown is due. 1742 Frecpinc ¥. Andrews 1. ix, Slipslop .. 
had preserved hitherto a distance to her lady. 

c. Zo keep one’s distance: to observe the due 
reserve and avoidance of familiarity which are 
proper to one’s position. Zo know one’s distance : 
to recognize what distance ought to be kept. 

r6o1 Suaxs. Ad/'s Well v. iii. 212 She knew her distance, 
and did angle for mee, Madding my eagernesse with her 
restraint. 1624 Massincer /'ar/. Love u. iii, Pray you, 
keep your distance, And grow not rude, 1642 Futter 
Holy & Prof. St. W. xvi. 325 Teaching words their distance 
to wait on his matter. 1660 I’. M. //ist. —— Iv. 65 
‘They intended to curb the Wallingford party, by teaching 
them manners, and to know their distance, 1727 Pore 
Th. on Var. Subj. Swift's Wks. 1755 II. 1. 231 tf a man 
makes me keep my distance, the comfort is, he keeps his at 
the same time. 1773 GotpsM. Stoops to Cong. u, It won't 
do; so I beg you'll keep your distance. 1831 Society 1. 12 
Her mother .. treated him with bare civility, to make him, 
as she expressed it, keep his distance. 

9. In prepositional phrases and constructions. a. 
At a distance, at d.: remote, far away; also, at a 
specified interval of space (see also sense 6). So 
tin distance (obs.). Out of distance: too far away, 
out of reach, 

1638 Sin T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 52 The Distoore and 
other Lay-men (at 12 foot distance) surround the holy 
Diety. 1654 Covrincton tr. ist, Justine 74 To those who 
at distance do observe it, 1655 Fuuter Ch. //ist. 1x. vi. $29 
‘The wary Archbishop, not over-fond of his friendship, kept 
him at distance. 1697 Damrier Voy. 1. 261 At a distance it 
spveers like an Island. 2721 SreeLe Sfect. No. 96 P 2 My 


aster., has often been weep e for not keeping me at a dis- 


tance. 1713 Appison Guardian No. 167? 8 At about a mile’s 
distance from the black temple. ¢ 1790 WitLock Voy. 305 At 
a safe distance from the scene of action. 1845 M. Parrison 


Ess, (1889) I. 17 At no great distance from the Island a 
1847 Tennyson Princ, vi. 67 Blanche At distance follow’d. 

1563 W. Furxe Meteors (1640) 42 Not .. too farre off .. 
neither yet too neere .. but in a competent and middle dis- 
tance. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1v. i, Kept in distance 
at the halberts point. a 1613 Oversury Newes from Sea 
Wks. (1856) 181 A mans companions are (like ships) to be 
kept in distance, for falling foule one of another. 

1641 Br. Haut Rem, Wks. (1660) 95 Those that are out of 
distance what noise so ever they make, are not heard. _ 
Futter Holy & Prof. St. u. xvii. 114 He never deman 
out of distance of the price he intends to take. 1655 — CA. 
Hist. vt. i. $16 For skill in School-Divinity they beat all 
other Orders quite out of distance. 1815 Jane AusTEN 
Emma i. xiv. 233 We are rather out of distance from the 
very striking beauties, ; 

b, Also used without preposition as an adverbial 
adjunct of measure. 

1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. u. (1586) 99 Take 
heede .. that trees stand a good distance a sunder. 
3597 Suaks. 2 Hen, /V,1v. i, 226 Pleaseth your Lordship 

‘o meet his Grace, iust distance ’tweene our Armies? 
Damrier Voy. 1. 116 A Rock a distance from the 
shore. ax719 Appison (J.), He lived but a few miles 
distance from her father’s house, 1792 Gentil Mag. 


518 
13/2 The bridge ..is some little distance from the main 


Street. 

10. e/lipt. A point or place at a distance, the 
region in the distance. a. A point at a distance, 
a distant point. Chiefly in the phrases /rom, 
to a distance. . 

1782 Cowrer Progr. Err. 202 Viewed from a distance .. 
Folly and Innocence are so alike. ¢ 1790 Wittock Voy. 316, 
I found I was unable to walk to any distance. 1845 Darwin 
Voy. Nat. i. (1899) 8 The rocks of St. Paul a from 
a distance of a brilliantly white colour. JZo7. Visitors from 
adi have the prefe e. He has dtoadi 

b. The remote part of the field of vision or per- 
ception; the distant or far-off region; esp. in the 
phr. in the distance. 

1813 Suettey Q. Mab 11. 84 There was a little light That 
twinkled in the misty distance. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 
1v. 63 A trumpet in the distance pealing news. 1856 Kane 
Arct. Expl. 1. v. 46 All the back country appeared one 
great rolling distance of glacier. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aincid 
1. 34 Scarce had Sicily’s shores in the distance faded away. 
5 Gtapstone in Daily News 28 Jan. 3/3 Viewed now, 
caknly, in the light of the golden distance. 

ce. Painting, etc. The distant part of a land- 
scape; the part of a picture oes this. 

Middle distance, the part midway between the foreground 
and the remote region. 

1706 Art of Painting (1744) 424 Accustom'd himself to 
take in a large extent is hillsand distance. 1813 Examiner 
10 May 299/2 His.. greyish green middle-distance, blue 
horizon, and grey sky, constitute a rich system of colour. 
1865 KINGSLEY Heveen Prel. 18 Dark and sad. .autumn days, 
when all the distances were shut off. 1861 THorNbURY 
7 urner (1862) I. 8g His distances were low, and his trees 
ill-formed. 1891 T. Harpy 7ess I. ii, The atmosphere. .is 
so tinged with azure, that what artists call the middle 
distance partakes also of that hue. : 

ll. ¢ransf. The extent or ‘space’ of time between 
two events ; an interval, intervening period. (Now 
only in phr. distance of time, implying remote- 
ness, ) 

1384 Cuaucer //. Fame 1. 18 To knowe..neyther the 
distaunce Of tymes of hem. 1494 Fasyan CAron, vit. 550 
After a dystaunce or pause of tyme, the archebysshop .. 
stode vp and askyd [etc.]. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer 
(1661) 244 The Communion-Service is to be some good 
distance after the Morning Service. 1699 Benttey Aad. 
404 From the Date of the Mosaic Law to the Prophecy of 
Ezekiel, there’s a distance of goo Years. 1774 Foote 
Coseners 1. Wks. 1799 II. 180 Take this draught three 
times a day, at two hours distance. 1820 Scoressy Acc. 
Arctic Reg. 1. 43 At the distance of eighteen to thirty 
years, from the time when the several navigations were 
performed. 1849 Macaucay //ist. Eng. 1. 455 An ap- 
prehension not to be mentioned, even at this distance of 
time, without shame and indignation. 1871 Mortey Vol- 


DISTANT. 


1695 D: Dufr — Paint. (J), That which 
RYDEN tr, ‘resnoy's Art » Ce rt 
aires a eleedin a Saal, uick li rt 
appears to be on the side nearest to us, and the 


consequence the object. 1864 
Trav. Fob = which the ripe Italian air distances 
witha like that on unplucked grapes. 


+38, intr. To be distant; to go to a distance. 
Obs. rare. . 
eon Treas. Dav. Ps. cvi. 5 The 

i rom the beginning, the poorer they 
were. 1658 J. Wess tr, Calprenede’s Cleopatra vi, i. 7 
Unable to hinder their distancing..a great way from the 
place of combate. z. 

4. trans. To put or leave at a distance by 
superior speed; to outstrip or leave behind in a 
race, or ( fig.) in any competition. 

1642 H. More Song of Soud u. iii. 1. xxi, The Sun and all 
the starres that do appear She feels them in herself, can 
distance all. 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 37 We are utterly 
Distane’d in the Race. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 127 He 
distanc’d and tir’d both the and the Men. 1851 Loner. 
Gold. Leg. v. Foot of the Alps, Our fleeter steeds have 
distanced our attendants. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro’ M. 
55 [He] had di d all his Pp s in his College 


career. 
b. To put or leave (a place) at a distance by 
going away from it; to leave behind. 

1873 Mus. Cartes in Sunday Mag. Feb. 332 We heard 
the joyous voices sound louder and freer as they distanced 
the solemn precincts. 

e. To keep at a distance from, ? Ods. 

1786 Map. D'Arsiay Diary 28 Nov., I wished them well 

--but I distanced them to the best of my power. 
da. Horse-racing. To beat by a distance: see 
quot. 1803 and Distance sé. 5 c. 

1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (1686) 72 The hindmost 
Horse being bound to follow him, within a certain distance 
agreed on..and which ever Horse could distance the other 
won the Match. 1707 Lond. Gas. No. 4363/4 Paying a 
Guinea Entrance (which is to go to the second Horse, 
distanc’d or not distanc'd), 1713 STEELE Guardian No. 6. 
Pp 5 He puts in for the Queen’s plate every year, with orders 
to his rider never to win or be distanced. 1803 M. Cutter 
in Life, etc. (1888) I. 142 At a distance of about ten rods.. 
is another stage. .called the distanced stage. If any horses 
in the race do not arrive at this stage before the foremost 
arrives at the stage from which they started, they are said to 
be distanced, and are taken out, and not suffered to run again 
in the same race, i 

fig. 3822 Scorr Nigel i, Vincent beat his companion 
beyond the distance-post, in.. dexterity of hand ..and 
double-distanced him in all respecting the commercial 
affairs of the shop. 

Hence Di-stancing vi/. sb. and ff?. a. 

1658 J. Wess tr. Calprenede's Cleopatra vm. i. 7 To 
the di ing of Coriol. , whom she fled, and wi 


taire (1886) 172 The connection may be seen at our d 
of time to have been marked and unmistakable. 

12. attrib. and Comb., as distance-language; dis- 
tance-softened, distance-vetled adjs. Also distance- 
block, a block inserted between two objects to 
keep them a required distance apart; distance- 
flag (Horse-racing), a flag held by the man who is 
stationed at the distance-post; distance-judge, 
a judge stationed at the distance-post, a post (or 
flag) placed at the fixed ‘distance’ (see 5c) in front 
of the winning post in a heat-race, to note what 
horses are ‘distanced’, through failing to reach 
this before the winner passes the winning-post ; dis- 
tance-piece = distance-block; distance-signal : 
see Distant 3d; distance-stand, a stand erected 
at the distance-post on a race-course. 

— British Press 6 Apr. in Spirit Pub. Fruis. (1810) 
XIIL. 63 Gibby and Premier .. were scarcely able to strike 
a trot in passing the distance-post. 1809 J. P. Ropernean 
/bid. 162 You a‘n't-near even the distance-post of notoriety. 
1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 196 You can hear that 
evermore Distance-softened noise. 1870 Braise Encyeé. 
Rur. Sports 1. iv. 371 In coming in on the right of the 
course, there should ‘ two distance-posts ; the first is to 
be erected two hundred and forty yards from the winning- 

t; the second a hundred and twenty from it. /did. 372 

So that the man in the distance-stand may clearly see the 
winning-post, and be ready to ee the distance-flag. 1874 

3d). 


Distance signal [see Distant z Ke J. Menken 


oO) or 
Infidelity she detested. 1786 Mav. D'Arsiay Diary 
., His appearance and air ure dignified .. 
rather distancing. 1816 Sforting Mag. XLVII. 233 On 
account of such Gistancing superiority. 
ed (di'stinst), #/.a. [f. prec. +-ED1.] 
+1. Put or set at adistance; remote, distant. Ods. 

1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 135 Alexander the Great 
commanded Subjects (though remote and distanced) in the 
farthest parts, 1668 H. More Div. Dial. ut. xxviii, 481 
‘The distanced Singing of the chearful Birds. » 
Reply 9x In many thousand far distanced places at 
once. 

+b. At variance, differing in opinion. Ods. 

1644 J. Goopwin Jnnoc. Triumph, (1645) 54 Persons, not 
onely distanced in their judgements about Church-Govern- 
ment, but about the God-head of Christ. 

2. Left behind, epanie f— as in a race. 

1713 Gay Fan Poems 1745 1. 31 The bounding damsel flies, 
Strains to the goal, the distanc'd lover dies. 
Iliad x1, 200 Still slaughtering on, the | 
ceeds; The distanced arm wonders at his deeds. 

b. Horse-racing. Beaten by a distance; see 
Distance sd. 5c. 


1737 Bracken Farriery Jimpr. (1757) 11. 168 When th 
sapeu'e to ride a distanc’d Hone 1870 Biaine Lncye 
i horse cannot start agai 


Rur. Sports uu, iv. 363 A 
‘stanceless, ¢. [f. Distance sh, 10b + 
-LESS.] In which things in the distance are not 
visible. 
Kinostry Yeast i. (D.), A silent, dim, distanceless, 


Infelicia 93 There cometh a hum, as veil 
battle. + A H. Drummonp Ascent of Man 233 ‘This new 
distance-language began again at the beginning, just as all 
Language does, by employing signs. 

Distance, z. [f.prec. sb. Cf. F. déstancer (14th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. trans. To place at a distance; to separate by 
a space ; to eloign. 

1578 Banister /ist. Man 1. 19 The head is distaunsed 
from the body so much in man, for the cause of Aspera 
Arteria, 1624 T. Scorr Eng. Spanish Pilgr. iii. 14 Furnished 
with some 50 beds, distanced era} by a partition of boards. 
ax661 Futter Worthies, Hantshire . 1 Not to speak of 
the oe a conveniently distanced from London. 1860 

ond. 


EMERSON Life, Fate 19 This insight. .distances those 
who share it from those who share it not. 


+b. To fix the distance of. ee 7 i 
1690 Act 2 W. §& M. in Lond. Gaz, (1 No. 
Persons paying to any Lamps, distanced by ong Pe 
Majesty’s Justices of the Peace, are fe rae from hangi 
out a Lanthorn and Candle. 1715 Leont /adlladio's 
Archit, 142) 1. 21 This aandtex of Sotinebieg the Column 
is. .call'd Systylos. 
+c. To express the distance of. Ods. rare. 
1650 Futter Pisgah 1, xiii, 40 The Hebrews distanced 
their places by severall measures. 


i day in March. 
Distancy (di'stinsi). rare. [ad. L. distantia 
DISTANCE: see -ANCY.] ; 


This word... 


+2. Distantness in space. Ods. : 
of Soul Mt Mt, vi. (R.), Even absent 


things present 
hilos. Poems, Infin. Worlde xt, 


Ho. Lords xiii, 277 A certain distaney 

Fis yal gir 5 Chambe rut. 690 He hid ened 
ings ‘under the habitual mask of stolid distancy. ‘ 
(daistenik), a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2 
+ Srannic.] Of or containing two equivalents of 
tin (stannum), : alae & 

ae Chem. (ed. 11) 593 It forms distannic oxy- 

ide. ‘ iy} 


“Distant (distint), a [a. F. distant (Oresme, 


x4th c.), sd, Ly oietieeows stan Seet separate, — 
distan . aiferen t, pr. pple. of distaretto stand apart: — 
see DIsTANCE.] Pe ee 


DISTANT. 


‘1. Separate or apart in space (by a specified in- 
terval), Const. from, 

exggx Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 17 It departeth the furste 
Moevable. .in 2 ilike parties, evene distantz fro the poles of 

is world. 1546 Mem, Ripon (Surtees) III. 26 The same 
is distaunt from the paroch Church ccce Foote. 1559 W. 
CunnincuaM Cosmogr. Glasse 125 Within which draw an 
other Circle, a finger bredth distant. 1568 Grarton Chron. 
TI. 1284 The armies. .not distaunt by estimation above two 
myles, 1611 Biste “Exod, xxxvi. 22 One board had two 
tenons, equally distant one from another. 1 Ro. 
School Recreat. 46 Hold it even with the Muzzle of the 
Musket..about an Inch distant. 1778 Miss Burney Zvelina 
iv, This retired place, to which Dorchester, the nearest 
town, is seven miles distant. 1832 Act 2-3 Will. V, c. 64 
Sched. O. 38 A straight line drawn due east to a point one 
hundred yards distant. 

2. Separated by an unspecified but large or con- 
siderable space; far apart, not close together. 

(Often used in Nat. Hist. of teeth, spines, hairs, leaves, 
spots, etc.) 

1548 Hatt Chron. Hen, V (an. 1) (R, All other nacions 
were astonnied to sé suche an honorable compaignie come 
from a countree so farre distant. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s 
Husb, 1. (1586) 154 b, His [a dog's] shoulder pointes well 
distant. ¢1586 C’ress PemprokeE Ps, Lxxil. vii, The woods, 
where enterlaced trees .. loyne at the head, though distant 
at the knees. 1667 Mitton P., L. x. 362, I felt, Though dis- 
tant from thee Worlds between, yet felt That I must after 
thee with this thy Son, 1760 Anne STEELE //ymn ‘O for 
one celestial ray’ ii, Distant from thy blest abode, 1762 
Fatconer SAifwr. 1. 43 In distant souls congenial passions 
glow. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 465 Jaws armed 
with pointed and distant teeth. 

3. Standing, lying, or taking place afar off ; not 
near at hand, remote. 

1590 Suaks. Mids. N. 1. ii. 60 So farre be distant, and 
good night sweet friend. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 
2 The Stallion ., trembles for the distant Mare. 1710 

‘ope Windsor For. 401 Earth’s distant ends our glory shall 
behold. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 2 Furnish’d with all Neces- 
saries .. for a distant Undertaking. 1747 Gray (¢7t/e), Ode 
on a Distant Prospect of Eton College. 1817 Wotre Burial 
Sir ¥ Moore vii, We heard the distant and random gun 
‘That the foe was sullenly firing, 1850 Kincstey A/t¢. Locke 
i, Even the Surrey hills ., Are to me a distant fairy land. 
1879 Hartan Lyesight viii. 105 Distant vision is a passive 
sensation not more exhausting than breathing. 

+b. Long in extent. Obs. rare. » 

1705 Bosman Guinea 250 If the Trees be high, or the way 
any thing distant. ‘ : 

ec, Of the eyes: Looking into the far-distance. 
rare. 

1873 Brack Pr. Thule xxi. 335 Her companion’s pale face 
and troubled and distant eyes. 1877 — Green Past. i, The 
large and tender eyes are distant and troubled. 

d. Distant signal: spec. on railways: a signal 
placed some distance in advance of a home signal 
to give earlier intimation of what the latter indi- 
cates (orig. one placed some distance in advance 
of the point of danger); also called distance 
signal, 

1820 Scorespy Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 524 The sails of the 
ship are frequently used as distant signals. 1874 R. C. 
Rapier Signals Railw. 15 A distance signal was put up at 
St. Margaret’s, near Edinburgh, 250 yards in advance of 
the point of dangee 5 and after this distant signals became 
general. /did. The Great Northern was, at its construction 
in 1852, gr fitted with distant signals of the sema- 
proce type. /bid. 46 Separate distant signal arms for each 

ome signal, x! G. Finptay £xg. Railway 68 The 
distant signal is placed at varying distances behind the 
home signal, according to circumstances. 

4. Far apart or remote in time. 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M, u. i. 93 We had but two in the 
house, which at that very distant time stood, as it were in 
afruit dish. 1732 BerKeLtry Alcifhr. vi. § 8 The books of 
Holy Scripture were written..at distant times. 1757 GLYNN 
Day of hon (Mason), Whom distant ages to each 
other’s sight Had long denied. 1849 Macautay Hist. Exg, 
II. 148 The Parliament was again prorogued to a distant 
day, 1860 Tynpat Glac. u. viii. 264 The glacier may also 
diminish in length at distant intervals. 

5. transf. and fig. Remote in relations other than 
those of space and time. Distant likeness: a faint 
resemblance; the opposite of a close resem- 
blance. 

1538 Starkey England 1, iv. 108 A grete faute in our 
a cy and much dystant from al cyuyle ordur. 1674 

+ Cox Gentl. Recreat, v. ae 76 He may be far distant 
from that perfect State of Body. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 
122 P 9, I could still discover a distant Resemblance of m 
old Friend, 1777 Suermwan Sch. Scand. ww. iii, I haven't 
the most distant idea. 1866 ArcyLL Reign Law vi. (1871) 
274 Is it only by distant analogy? 1891 Leeds Mercury 
27 ae 4/7 Not even the most distant allusion was made 
it, 


b. spec. Remotely related in kinship, 
@61r Braum. & Fi. Maid's Trag. m. i, Good day, 
Amintor! for, to me, the name Of brother is too distant. 
1768 StERNE Sent, Fourn. (1778) II. 57 (Stvord) Unlook’d 
for beq from d branches of his house. 183 
Lyrron Godolph. 5 A di ion of the d d 
3868 Freeman Norm, Cong. (1876) II. App. 671 Not a sister, 
but a more distant kinswoman of the Emperor, 

+6. Different in character or quality. Ods. 

1659 Hammonp On Ps. i. Heading to Paraphr. 5 The 
distant fate of pious and less men. 1667 Decay Chr. 
Piety xix, » 2 Is it fit she should have guardians and 
champions of a quite distant temper? 1705 Srannore 
Paraphr. 1, 44 Distant opinions about the same Things. 
ba 2. te ees 26P1r Seog ot Mee in their 

stant c! fore resume to dri ‘ea or 
late in those Places, ys EN te “ 


519 


7. Reserved in intercourse; standing aloof; not 
intimate or expressive of intimacy. 

1709 STEELE Tatler No, 126 » 1 The distant Behaviour 
of the Prude. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxxi, He made Miss 
Wilmot a modest and distant bow. 1828 Life Planter 
Famaica (ed. 2) 209 [He] obtained a very distant and stately 
reception, 1866 Mrs. H. Woop St. Martin's Eve x, She 
desired Eleanor to be very distant with him, 

8. Comb. : . 

I R, Porrer 4schylus (1779) 1. 55 (Jod.) Train’d to 
baer The distant-wounding how. 8 ae ae Lett. 
(1811) IL. 181 The visits of distant-dwelling friends. 

+ Dista‘ntial, a. Os. [f. L. distentia Dis- 
TANCE+-AL.] Distant, far-off; differing, diverse. 

1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1, xii. § 1 (R.) How 
distancial are we from this ingenious coercion of our pol- 
luted fancies! 1656 Blount Glossogr., Distantial, differing 
or distant, far asunder, divers, 1676 H. More Remarks 
145 Colligating..parts of the most distantial textures and 
consistencies. 1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. vin. iv. 402 Their 
Cornea and Optick Nerve. .are only fitted to see distantial 
objects. 

+ Distantiate, v. Ols. [f. L. distantia Dis- 
TANCE+-ATE3,] trans. To take the distance of. 

1610 W, Fo.KincHaM Art of Survey ut. v. 55 From con- 
uenient distances in the same, distantiate euery By, dis- 
persed in the Plot. 

Distantly (disstantli), adv. [f. Distant + 
-LY *.] In a distant manner. . 

1. At a distance in space or time; remotely, afar 
off. 

1675 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. an. 1580 (R.), These Irish 
matters, though in time somewhat distantly acted, I have 
thought good to mention together. 1678 Cupwortn /xZe//. 
Syst. 776 The Corporeal World is Distantly present, to the 
Intelligible. 1797 Mrs. Ravcurre /falian xii, Ellena 
followed distantly in the Abbess’s train. 

b. Widely apart, at considerable distances. 

1847 Harpy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club Il. No. v. 239 

iad; distantly and deeply punctured. 
ec. In a way expressing distance or remoteness. 

1873 Biack Pr. Thule xxvii. 454 Her eyes were looking 
somewhat distantly at the sea. ; 

2. fig. Remotely (in other relations) ; not closely ; 
not intimately. 

@1768 STERNE Let. iii. to Miss L—(R.\, 1... then most 
distantly hint at a droll foible in his character, 1822 Byron 
Werner i. i. 194 /den. Perhaps you are related to my rela- 
tive .. ¥os. We are, but distantly. 1828 Wensster, Dis- 
tantly..with reserve, 1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xi, I am 
distantly related to the Rochesters by the mother’s side. 
Mod. He was distantly courteous. 

Distantness. rare. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being distant. 

173% Battey vol. II, Distantness, distance, a being distant 
from, Mod, He showed some distantness of manner. 

+ Dista’sk, v. Ods. rare. [Dis-7a.] trans, 
To relieve of a task, to exonerate, 

1592 WARNER 420, Eng. vu. xliii. (1612) 207 On these doo 
vulgar Eares and Eyes so brimly waite and gaze, As they 
distaske our priuate Penne notorious Landes to blaze. 


+ Dista'stable, a. Obs. rare. [f. Distaste v, 
+-ABLE.] Distasteful. Hence Dista‘stably adv., 
with distaste or disgust. 

1607 S. Cottins Sermz. oe) 37 The broth which a strange 
root hath made distastable. x625 tr. Boccaccio’s Decameron, 
Modell Wit 4xb, Let him thinke that I can brooke those 
words as distastably, as you do or can his ill deeds. 

Distaste (distast), sd. Also 7 distast. [f. 
Dis- 9 + Taste sé.: prob. as a rendering of It. 
disgusto, OF. desgoust; see Florio and Cotgrave.] 

1. Disrelish or dislike of food or drink ; nausea ; 
bad taste in the mouth. Now rare or Obs. 

1598 Fiorio, Sgusto, disgust, distast, vnkindnes, dislike. 
1614 Be. Hatt Recoll, Treat. 1008 Moses was..in the same 
distaste of bitternes. 1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr. 1. 200 
Nor house, nor ground, nor any kind of wealth Can relish his 
distaste that has nohealth. 1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore 
Throat 28 [She] was seized. .in the Evening, with a Distaste; 
she had a very uneasy and tumbling Night. 1849 C. Bronte 
Shirley I. vi. 111 A positive crime might have been more 
easily pardoned than a symptom of distaste for the foreign 
comestibles, 

2. Disinclination, dislike; (moderate) aversion, 
disgust, or repugnance. 

1598 F orto, [see sense 1]. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. t. i. 
§ 3 (1873) 8 Make application of our knowledge, to give our- 
selves repose and contentment, not distaste or repining. 
@ 1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (1652) 58 To raise a general 
distast in all men against the Government. a1652 J.Smitu 
Set. Disc. i. 17 Besides in wicked men there are sometimes 
distastes of vice. 1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 59 For there 
is no native who is not in distaste with some body. 1726 
Suetvocke Voy. round World (1757) 455 Which gave the 
ships company, such a distaste of Clipperton, 1816 Keatince 
Trav. (1817) I. 252 The Moors... have a distaste for the 
proselytes when made. ax822z SHELLEY Assassins ii, Their 
predilections and distastes. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 5 
An aversion more resembling a distaste than a conviction. 

+3. Unpleasantness ; annoyance, discomfort. Ods. 

1611 B. tonice Poetaster v. i, Our ear is now too much 
profaned, grave Maro, With these distastes, to take thy 
sacred lines. 1625 Bacon Ess., Adversity (Arb.) 505 
Prosperity is not without many Feares and Distastes. 171% 
STEELE Sect. No. 4 ® 2 There are so many Gratifications 
attend this publick sort of Obscurity, that some little 
Distastes I daily receive have lost their Anguish, 

+4. Offence, cause of offence or dislike. Ods. 

1608 D. ‘I, Ess. Pol. §& Mor. 21b, Court-Parasites .. do 
labor upon the least distast that is offred, to procure an 
utter dislike, 1698 J. Fryer dec, £. India §& P, 156 Ta 


DISTASTED, 


avoide giving distaste in not removing their Hats. 
Stryre Ann, Ref I. xxv. 280 At which Bishop Cheny a 4 
such distast. 1731 Rafe Helen 24 note, Achilles would not 
go to battle for some distaste Agamemnon had given him. 

+5. Mutual aversion, estrangement, difference, 
quarrel. Ods. 

16ar Sir W. Aston in Fortesc. Papers 152 The King and 
his ministers have taken some distast. 1623 Bincuam 
Xenophon 73 This was the only difference and distaste be- 
twixt Cherisophus and Xenophon during this whole iourney. 
1677 E. Situ in 12th Rep, Hist, MSS, Comm. App. v. :8 
‘They say he murdered himselfe .. because of some distast 
betwixt his master and him. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 433 
All civil and quiet..No noise, nor appearance of distaste. 

Distaste (disté-st), v. Now rare. (Frequent 
in 17thc.) Also 7 distast. [f. Dis- 6 + TasrE 
v.: prob. orig. an English rendering of It. (dz) sgus- 
tare, or OF. desgouster: see Florio and Cetgr. In 
sense 5 used as f. Dis- 7a + TAsTE 50.] 

+1. trans. To dislike the taste of, have no taste 
for, disrelish (food, drink, etc.). Ods. 

1586 Bricut Melanch, xxxvi. 214 The tongue distasteth 
all things even of most pleasant relish. 1615 Laruam 
Falconry (1633) 104 If you finde her any whit to distaste 
the water, then put into it ..sugar-candie. 1641 Frencie 
Distill. v. (1651) 144 It..may be given. .to any that distast 
physick, in their milke. @166x Futter JWorthies (1840) 
III. 433 Distasting wholesome meat well dressed. 

2. To have or conceive a mental distaste for or 
repugnance to (anything); to regard with aversion 
or displeasure; to have no taste for, disrelish, dislike. 

1592 Davirs Jmmort, Soul xxx. xxxv. (1714) 98 These do 
by fits her Fantasie possess; But she distastes them all 
within a while, 162x Burton Anat, A/ed.u. iv. 1. i. (1651) 
363 The Romans distasted them so much that they were 
often banished out of their city. 1733 Neat //ist. Purit, 
II. 216 He was sorry that an established doctrine of the 
Church should be so distasted. 1805 Foster “ss. iii. 93 
{He} should distaste the society of his class, 1893 STEVENSON 
Catriona 60 A man..whom I distasted at the first look, as 
we distaste a ferret or an earwig. 

+b. with 047. cl. or znfix. phr. Obs. 

1596 Drayton Legends 11. 607 Who was so dull, that did 
not then distaste, ‘That thus the King His Nobles should 
neglect? x6az in L, Bacon Genesis of New Eng. Ch. (1874) 
xvi. 350 That you sent no lading in the ship is..worthily 
distasted. 1629 GauLe Pract, The. 161 How doe we 
abhorre and distast, to think him opprobriously debased, 

+3. To offend the taste of ; to disgust, nauseate. 

1610 Heywoop Gold. Age 1. Wks. 1874 111. 22 This meat 
distasts me, doth Lycaon.. feed vs with humane flesh? 


1636 HAW Hore Succ, 21 Never refuse health because 
the Physicke that should procure it is bitter; let it distast 
me so it healeme. 1678 }ug. Man's Cadl. 155 Distempered 


stomacks, that are easily distasted. 
+b. adsol, or zntr. To offend the taste ; to cause 
disgust. Ods. 

1604 SHaks, O¢/, 11, iii. 327 Poysons, Which at the first 
are scarce found to distaste, 1613-6 W. Browse Sri. 
Past. u. iii, Then least his many cherries should distast, 
Some other fruit he brings than he brought last. 1643 
5 Fears K. Fames in Select. Hart, Misc. (1793) 310 Poisons, 
that neither discolour nor distaste. 

4. trans. To excite the dislike or aversion of; 
to be distasteful to ; to displease, offend ; ass. to 
be displeased or offended (zw7th, at). 

1597-8 Bacon Ess., Suitors (Arb.) 44 Suters are so dis- 
tasted with delaies, and abuses. 1638 Sir T. Herpert 
Trav. (ed. 2) 100 Yet loth in any thing to distaste the King. 
1666 Prerys Diary 24 Oct., ‘The Prince was distasted with 
my discourse .. about the sad state of the fleet. 1702 Ap- 
pison Dial. Medals ii. 35, | have sometimes however been 
very much distasted at this way of writing. 1709 J. Joun- 
son Clergynt. Vade M.u. p. xiii, The Apostle. .avoids the 
saying any thing that might distaste the Corinthians. 1833 
I. Taytor Faxat., vi. 192 No enormity can distaste or alarm 
him. 1893 Pad/ Mal/G. 18 Jan. 1/2 Threats and demonstra- 
tions so violent as to distaste the sympathies of many. 

+b. absol. or zntr, To cause displeasure or 


offence ; to be distasteful. Ods. 

1614 SyLvestER Du Bartas, Bethulia’s Rescue 1.21 Great- 
gracious Lady, let it not distaste That Ivdith made not.. 
more haste To kisse Your hands. ¢1618 FLetcHer Q. 
Corinth 1. ii, 1654 WuitLock Zootomia Pref. A vij, If any 
thing that’s good i’ th’ Book you see, Ascribe to God; but 
what distasts, to mee. 

+5. ¢rans. To destroy or spoil the taste or 
savour of ; to render distasteful or tasteless. Ods. 

1606 Suaks. Jr. § Cr. u. ii. 123 Her brainsicke raptures 
Cannot distaste the goodnesse of a quarrell. 1617 Hieron 
Wks. 11. 390 It is inough to sowre & to distaste the whole 
lumpe of our deuotions. 1646 J. Hatt Poems Pref., Neither 
am I solicitous how they savour..and these I give over as 
already distasted. 1650 ‘Trapp Comm, Deuter. xxviii. 15 
If it distaste not his dough, or empty his basket, 

Hence Dista‘sting vd/. sd. 

1sgt Sytvester Du Baritas 1. vii. 377 Fora light surfet, 
or asmall dis-tasting. 1654 WHItTLocK Zootomia 280 Suffer 
anything through. “Tisdiscretion, or unadvised Distastings. 

Dista'sted, #7/. a. _[f. prec. + -ED1.] 

1. Disrelished, disliked. +b. Deprived of taste, 
tasteless, insipid (0és.). 

a1661 Futter Worthies (1840) I. 362 To fight under so 
distasted a commander. 1662 Perry 7axes 15 To be 
spectators of these mistaken and distasted vanities. 

2. Disgusted, offended; affected with nausea, 
disgust, or dislike. : 

1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Diazius 143 In the eare Of 
the distasted Pope. 1655 Mouret & Bennet Health's 
Improv. (1746) 254 Weak, windy, distasted Stomachs. 1723 
Pore Let. to £. Blount 27 June, The Spleenful, Ambitious, 
Diseas’d, Distasted..Souls which this World affords, . 


DISTASTEFUL. 


Distasteful (distai-stfil), @. [f. Distasre sd.] 
1, Disagreeable to the taste; causing disgust ; 
‘ , 


3611 Frorio, Disgustenole, distastefull. Disgustoso, full 
of distaste, distastefull. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. wv. 
iii. (1651) = After a distasteful purge .. at the very sight 
of-physick he would be distempered. 1690 Drypen on 
Sebastian ut. i. (R.), Why shou'd you pluck the green dis- 
tasteful fruit. H. ra Woop Therap. (1879) 491 The 

h salts are exceedingly distasteful. 

2. Causing dislike; disagreeable, unpleasant, 
offensive. 

1607 Drayton Leg, Cromwell (R.), For "twas distasteful 
to my noble mind, That the vile world into my wants should 
look. 1615 J. Srepnens Satyr. Ess. 240 He..isas willing to 
embrace any, as not to bee distastfull unto any. 1669 
Drypen 7yraunic Love w.i, None but a fool distasteful 
truth will tell. 1782 Pennant Fourn. fr. Chester (R.), Free- 
ing his country from so distasteful a minister. 1862 Lp. 
Broucuam Brit. Const. xiii. 192 Persons distasteful to the 
Commons. 1895 J. Amprose in Law Times XCIX. 546/1 
His work must not be made distasteful to him seen too 
much drudgery. 2 mee 

+3. Full of dislike; showing dislike or aversion ; 
malevolent. Ods. 

1607 SHaks. 7710n u1. ii. 220 After distastefull lookes .. 
With certaine halfe-caps, and cold mouing nods, They froze 
me into Silence. 1639 ‘I’. Brucis tr. Camus’ Mor. Relat. 
144 Every one ..soone growes distastfull of the prudent, 
because that he cannot be surprized. 1646 Sir ‘IT’. Browne 
Pseud, Ep. w. x. 204 The distastefull aversenesse of the 
Christian from the Jew. 

Distastefull , adv, [f. prec. +-Ly 2.] 

1. In a distasteful manner, or to a distasteful de- 
gree; disgustingly, offensively, unpleasantly. 

163t Bratuwait Whimzies, Ruffian 84 They..in the end 
grow distastefully rude to all the companie. a@ 1691 BoyLe 
Hist. Air (1692) 166 The water .. would grow distastefully 
hot. 1727 Baitey vol. II. pt. 1, Distastfully, disagree- 
ablement t., offensive L. 

+2. With dislike or displeasure. Ods. 

1627 J. Rous Diary (Camden) 11 In generall to speake 
distastfully of the voyage. 1638 Bakertr. Balzac’s Lett, 
(1654) II. 16 Yet take not distastefully an officious injury. 

Dista‘stefulness. [f. as prec. +-NESS.] 

1. The quality of being distasteful; unpleasant- 
ness to the taste or mind, offensiveness. 

1654 W. MountacuE Devout Ess. . x. § 2(R.) The allay- 
ing and qualifying much of the bitter and distastefulness of 
our physick. 1654 WuITLocKk Zootomia 343 To leave the 
Distastfulnesse of Comparison, 182r LockHart Valerius 
III. xii. 296 There was something of distastefulness in the 
mirthful strains. 1840 Mitt Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 99 
Speculation..has beep falling more and more into distaste- 
fulness and disrepute among the educated classes. 

+2. Dislike, aversion, repugnance. Oés. 

a 1625 Eart Bristow Let. fo Fas. / in Cabala Supp. 121 
(T.) Out of a distastefulness of the former answer given. 
1642 Rocers Naaman 466 It is a distastfulnesse of heart. 

+ Dista‘ster. Os. [f. Distaste v. + -ER!.] 
a. One who distastes or dislikes; a disliker. b. 
One who inspires with distaste or disgust. 

a 1613 Oversury A Wife (1638) 183 A_Distaster of the 
Time. 1623 N. Smitn Pref. Verse in Cockeram's Dict., 
Captious, yet wise seeming masters, Made by their curious 
eye, their owne distasters. 

Dista'sting, ///. a. 
That distastes. 

1. Feeling or showing distaste or dislike. 

1654 WuitLock Zootomia 460 Slander, Backbiting, Detrac- 
tion .. entertaine them with .. excusing Tongue, or distast- 
ing Silence. 1821 Lamp £éia Ser. 1. Old & New Schoolm., 
Doomed to read tedious homilies to distasting schoolboys. 

2. Causing distaste; displeasing, offensive. 

1603 Harsnet Pop. Jmfpost. 53 For say anything distasting 
to them..ye shall be sure to love the Devil put upon you 
for your labour. 167 Fraven Fount Life ii. 4 If there be 
something ravishing ..there is also something distasting. 

+ Dista‘stive, a. (sd.) Obs. [f. as prec. +-IVE.] 

1. Feeling or expressing distaste or dislike. 

1611 Speen //ist, Gt, Brit, 1x. xv. § 10 (R.) Such fleering 
pick-thanks, that blow them [my faults] stronger into your 
unwilling and distastiue ear. 

2. Disgusting, unpleasant, offensive. 

1600 Newe Metamorphosis (Nares), Thus did they finishe 
their distastive songe. 1611 Spee Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. iii. 
§ 8 A Niding, a word of such disgrace, and so distastiue vnto 
the English. 1642 Sir E. Derina Sf. on Relig, x. 78 Some 
endeavours of mine. .reported more distastive than before. 

B. sb. Anything unpleasant or distasteful. 

1654 WuitLock Zootomia 384 Pride..jealousie..or other 
Distastives incident to that part of advise, called Reproofe. 

+ Dista'sture. Ods. [f. as prec.+-URE] a. 
Disgust or loathing of food; nausea, b. Displea- 
sure, vexation. 

x61r Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. § 46 His body wearied 
with watching, distasture, and want of rest. /did. 1x. xxiii. 
§ 32 (R.) This duke .. vpon this distasture impressed such 
dolour of minde..he liued not long after. 

|| Distater (doijsta-to1).  [f. Di-2 + Srarer 2.] 
An ancient Greek gold coin, of the value of two 
staters, 

1895 Daily News 9 May 3/3 A Thurium distater, with 


[f. as prec. + -ING *.] 


head of Pallas to the right. 
‘ves, obs. pl. of DisTarr. 
+ Diste'ctured, 7//. a. Obs. nonce-wd. [f.. 
ae a + TxctuRE.] Deprived of the roof; un- 
roofed, 


1632 Litucow 7'vav. vi. 352, I saw a distectured 
house, 


520 ~ 


f. Gr. &-, 


(dirst?gos), @. rare. 
‘ Having 


Di-2 + oréy-7 a covering, roof +-ous. 
two ridges’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

Distell, obs. Sc. form of Disti. 

Distemonous (daistzmoénas), a. Bot. [f. Gr. 
&-, Di-2 + ornpwry stamen + -ous.] Having two 
stamens ; = DIANDROUS. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex, 

Distemper (<diste-mpa:), v.1 Now rare. Also 
4des-, 4-5 distempre, 4-6 dystemper. [f. med. 
L. *distemperare, {. Dis- 4 + L. temperdre to pro- 
portion or mingle properly, to regulate, temper. 

The verb in this sense is not recorded in OF., nor given in 
med. L, by Du Cange. But the latter has distemperdtus= 
male temperdtus, and also the e verbal sbs. distem- 
perantia, distemperdmentum; OF . hasdestempré, — 
seitsrar dat Nata we 


iperatus, derate, ve P 
ranged (in health), disordered; It. has distemperare to alter 
the natural temperament or temperature of, distemperato 
altered in natural temp i perate, i dest, ex- 
cessive; Sp. has destemplar to alter, disconcert, untune, 
refi. to be ih with a fever.) E 

+1. trans. To temper improperly by undue mix- 
ture of elements; to disturb or derange the due 
proportion of (elements, humours, etc.). 

1340 Ayenb. 153 To pe bodye of man comep alle eueles uor 
pe destempringe of pise uour qualites, oper of bise uour 
humours. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7.?752 The fourthe is when, 
thurgh the grete habundance of his mete, the humours in his 
body bese destempred. a 7 

+ 2. To disturb or derange the condition of the air, 
elements, weather, climate, etc. (chiefly in Passive). 

1387 Trevisa Higden vu. iv. (Rolls) VII. 311 Pat 3ere in 
Engelond was greet deep of beestes and distemperynge of be 
ayer by pe whiche meny men deide [//a7/7. intemperance of 
the aier]. 1490-1612 [see DistemrereD 1]. 1649 . DANIEL 
Trinarch., Hen. 1V, v, "Tis in mee now doubly Distem- 
pered; A Stormy Day and an vnquiet Age. 

3. From the notion that attributed the ‘ humour’ 
or ‘temper’ to the preponderance of one or other 
of the bodily humours : 

To disturb or disorder the humour, temper, or 
feelings of; to put out of humour or temper; to 
render ill-humoured or ill at ease; to trouble, vex, 
‘upset’. 7eff.and fass. To be or become disturbed 
in mind; to ‘put oneself out’. (Now rare or Ods., 


exc. as fig. from 4.) 

€ 1386 Cuaucer Melib, » 270, I biseke yow..that ye wol 
nat..distempre youre herte, thogh I speke thyng that yow 
displese. 1386 — Sompn. T. 487 Sire ..distempre yow 
noght..For goddes loue, youre pacience ye holde. _ 
J. Bett Answ. Osor. 28 b, Your excessive pride hath dis- 
tempered and broken the gall of my patience. 1602 Suaks. 
Ham, i. ii. 312. 1603 Riaonr Pop. Impost. ad None 
but Children and fooles are distempered with Nicknames 
and Taunts. 1633 Be. Haut Hard Jexts, N. 7. 312 Vainely 
distempering himselfe about idle and frivolous questions. 
1670 Each arp Cont. Clergy 122 And what though churches 
stand at a little further distance? People may please to walk 
a mile without distempering themselves. 1813 CoLErinGE 
Remorse 1. ii, Strange, that this Monviedro Should have the 
power so to distemper me ! 

4. Also, from the notion that diseases proceeded 
from a disturbance of the due proportion of the 
four humours : 

To disorder or derange the physical or bodily 
condition of; to render unhealthy or diseased ; to 
affect with a distemper; to sicken. 

¢1380 Wycur Se/. Wks. 111. 157 Sum mon to lustfuly 
eetis or drinkes, and pat distemperes a mon in y and in 
soule. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 31 He hab noon opir 
sijknesse wip him ne is nou3t distemperid. ¢1420 Padlad. 
on Hush. 1. 273 They beth somer hoote and wyntir colde, 
‘That vyne, ey grayne, and tre distempur wolde [nocent], 
1530 PAtsGr. 522/1 This hote wether hath distempred him, 
I feare me he shall have an ague. 1597 Suaks. 2 //en. 1V, 
ut. i. 41 It is but as a Body, yet distemper'd, Which to his 
former strength may be restor'd, With good aduice, and 
little Medicine. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u, x. § 2. 39 This 
variable composition of mans bodie hath made it as an In- 
strument easie to distemper. 1644 Quar.es Barnabas § B. 
238 If every bogs sickness distempers my body. 1769 De 
Poe's Tour Gt, Brit, 11. 128 If any .. are merge they 
are immediately put under proper Methods of Cure. 1833 
Cuatmers Const. Man (183) 1. li. 129 They would distemper 
the whole man. z = : 

b. To derange or disorder in brain or mind ; to 
render in’ane, 

¢1380 [see a]. 158 Pettir Guasso’s Civ. Conv. (1586) 4 
To ps y* youre braine is distempered. | 16xx Tourneur 
Ath, Trag. v. ii, Griefe for his chil ’s death di Pp 
him, 1658 Whole Duty Man viii. § 1. 68 If it be in danger 
to distemper our reason. a1703 Burkitt On N. 7., Mark 
y. 20 They have power to distemper their minds. 1865 
Lecxy Ration. (1878) I, 27 Their imaginations, distem- 
pered by self-inflicted sufferings. 

+e. spec. To intoxicate ; ref, to get drunk. Ods. 

1491 Let. in R. Davies York Rec, (1843) 224 We ayeenee 
he was distemperide awther with aill or wyn, |, ALSGR. 
p22/t Distemper the nat with to moche drinke, for a dron- 

en man is but abeest. 1568 ‘I, Nortn tr. Gueuara’s Diall 
Pr. w. vii. 126 b, Wyne tempered with water, bringeth two 
commodityes. .hee shall not dystemper him self [etc. ]. 

Penn Addr. Prot. 1. 9 When the very Tasting of the sev 
sorts of Wine..is enough to di T H 
5. transf. and fig. 


per a p . 

. To disorder or mar the con- 
dition of ; to derange, confuse, put out of joint. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 392 Contynuell rayne, whiche dis- 

temperyd the grounde in suche wyse that, the yere folow- 

ynge, whete was solde for xviii, d, a bushell, 1577 B. Gooce 


- Suaxs, Ham. 1m. ii. eo m 
P. 
can 


DISTEMPER,. 


Heresbach's Husb. w. (1 180 b, [Honey] distempered 
i ag ple tay meg pening ag Ey ame 
so Longe pater 1601 ——, bine #4 u. i. 5 The malig- 
nancie t rs. 1650 
Furie Pigek weil th gh barren he aisha, sud 
distem) with sterility, yet it [Desert of Paran] had some 
fertile intervalls. 1667 Mitton P. Z. xt. 56 Sin, that first 
en all things. 1879 [see Distemrerep AA/. ay 
+6. To deprive (a metal) of ‘temper’. Obs. 
rare. gnee®. watoy 28 (594 Dict. Acad.).] 

r 'EARSON in- Phil. Trans. XV. 343 Wootz is not 
at all malleable when cold. .. It can be t ang dis- 
tempered, but not to a considerable extent 

Hence Diste-mpering v#/. sb. and ffi. a. 

LR of sanpct aad discéactog Stendhal: eters 
a! * em raughtes. 

aren CONE Hist. Eng. (1626) a res numbers growing 
so great, as bred many .. a i betweene the nations. 
1855 Lyncn Xivudet xxvu. i, To rid me of distempering 


Diste-mper, v.2 [ad. OF . destemprer, -tremper 
to dissolve in liquid, soak, mix=It. déstemperare 
in same sense, med.L. distemperare to soak, macer- 
ate (Du Cange), f. Dis- 1 or 5 + L. temperare 
to mingle in due proportion, — temper. 

This is the ordinary sense in which distemperdre is found 
in med.L. and French; cf. Distemper v.1. But It. distem- 
perare, Sp. distemplar have senses corresponding to both 
our verbs.] 

+1. trans. To treat with water or some other 
liquid; to mix with a liquid, so as to dissolve 
wholly or partly ; to dilute, infuse; to soak, steep. 

¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 66 Make poudre & distempere 
with pe white of an ey as picke as hony. _/did 185 Distém- 

re hem with vinegre & anoynte herwip. ‘: Puaer 
Regim. Lyfe (1553) D vij a, Take an ounce of cassia, an houre 
before dyner .. distempered with a ptisane. 1607 TorseLt 
Four, Beasts (1658) Sy ated the Horse thereof every morn- 
ing..the quantity of a Hasel-nut distempered in a quart of 
Wine. /did. 329 Distemper it with the milk of a Cow. 1667 
Petty in S Hist. R. Soc. 286 (T.) Colouring of paper, 
viz. marbled paper, by distempering the colours with ox-gall, 
and applying them upon a stiff gummed liquor, 

2. transf. and fig. To dilute; to mix with some- 
thing so as to weaken or impair; to allay. Ods, or 
arch. (Often run together with senses 4, 5 of Dis- 
TEMPER v.1; see quot. 1598.) 

1592 Suaks. Ven. 4 Ad. 653 Jealousy. .Distempering gentle 
Love in his desire, As air and water do abate the fire. 
Yonc Diana 366 At the first loue seldome affoords one little 
pleasure without distempering it in the end with sorrowe 
and care. Mi.ton Soveraigne Salve 5 Monarchy 
duely tempered 1s the best, but so 4 tyranny the 
worst. 1868 HawrHorne Our Old Home, Pilgr. to Old 
Boston (1879) 158 The May sunshine was mingled with water, 
as it were, and distempered with a very bitter east-wind. 

3. Painting. To paint or colour in distemper. 
See DisTeMPER 56.2 

1873 Brewer Dict. Phr. & Fab. (ed. 3) 230 s.v. Distemper, 
Applied to painting, the word is from. . the French détremper 
(to soak in water), because the paints are mixed with water 
instead of oil, 1876 R. & A. Garrett House Decorat, (1879) 
43 Distempering or —~ the wall above a shade lighter, 
1881 Younc Every man his own Mechanic § 1 The 
difference between painting in oils and distempering is just 
this, that in the former the colouring matter is nd with 
oil and turpentine while in the latter it is mixed with size. 

Distemper (<iste-mpaz), 54.1 Also 7 des-. 
[f. Distemper v.1; partly after Temper sé] 

+1. ‘A disproportionate mixture of parts; want of 
a due temper of ingredients’ ; ‘want of due balance 
between contraries ’ (J.); distempered or disordered 
condition. Ods, 

1607-12 Bacon Ess., Empire (Arb.) 298 A true temper of 
governement is a rare thing; For both Temper and Dis. 

p i yes. 16r2 Woopau. Surg. Mate 
Wks. (1653) 207 A small distemper in the Animal salt of man 
is able to kill the strongest man, Digsy Nat, Bodies 
1. xxviii. (1645) 408 ‘Their distemper from what they should 
be maketh the i 


Pp pug to their 

+ 2. A disordered or distempered condition of the 
air, climate, weather, etc. ; inclemency. Ods. 

1614 Rateicn Hist, World 1. iii. §8. 27a, It was..a 
reasonable conjecture that those countreys . . nal enem 
it (the A®quinoctial] were of a distemper ‘uninhabitable, 
p>. Hema Md Harthb in Ref. Commonw, Bees 15 Ex 
tot vermin, and distempers of weather. 1660 Smar- 
rock Vegetables 86 The impediments which with us hinder 
the husbandmen .. are either the distempers of the erm 
itself, or some evi id E Eng. Traits, 
Land Wks. (Bohn) II. 17 The London fog aggra’ 
distem the sky. 

3, Derangement or disturbance of the ‘ humour’ 


or ‘ ’ (according to medisyal physiology 
Soleil as due to disturbance in the Yodily ‘hu- 


mours’; cf, TEMPER, TEMPERAMENT) ; a being out 
of humour; ill humour, ill temper; uneasiness; 
disaffection. (Now usually associated with sense 4; 
in quot. 1850 with allusion to metallic ‘temper’ 
—— Serm. § Rem. (1845) 319 I check 
lest I aim at curing your distemper I stir up 
— for.. you are. .more wrathful a fs 
. Harr Medit. § Votes 1 §83 z 


of a lowly stomak, swallow and digest ithe 
out an diste mper. by poe Naaman 27% Although 
thou Idest .. dare Lord with thy and 


1602 
of 


: 
i 


DISTEMPER. 


1823 W. Taytor in Meashiy Mag. LVI. 126 Let us talk of 
these things over a glass of nectar, without distemper and 
without prejudice. 1850 Biackie schylus 1, 30 Like evil 
brass, His lop distemper he shall show By dints of trial. 

4. Deranged or disordered condition of the body 
or mind (formerly regarded as due to disordered 
state of the humours) ; ill health, illness, disease. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry I. w. ii. 28 Any madnesse .. seem'd 
but tamenesse, ciuility, and patience, to this his distemper 
he is in now. 1602 — //avz. 1. ii. 55 Your sonnes distemper. 
1608 Pr. or Watss in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IIT. 93, Lam 
glad to have heard of your Maes recovery, before I under- 
stood of your distemper by the heat of the weather. 
1695 Howe in H. Rogers Life x. (1863) 289, I was con- 
fined by distemper to my bed. a = hs Sourtn (J.), It argues 
sickness and distemper in the mind, as well as in the body, 
when a man is continually turning and tossing. 178 
Cowrer Exfost. 153 They saw distemper healed, and life 
restored, In answer to the fiat of his word. 1873 BrowNinG 
Red Cott, Nt.-cap 278 Eccentricity Nowise amounting to 
distemper. : ; 

b. with a and /, A disorder, a disease, an ail- 

ment (of body or mind). 

1648 Boye Seraph, Love Ep. Ded. (1660) 3 My sight .. is 
still so impair’d by a distemper in my eyes. 1659 STANLEY 
Hist. Philos. W11. mm. 18 All distempers of the mind, are, as 
I conceive, high madnesse. 1710 STEELE 7atler No. 103 
P11 He was extremely afflicted with the Gout, and set his 
Foot upon the Ground with the Caution and Dignity which 

pany that Di per. 1756 NuGentG». Tour III. 104 

The mineral waters of this place are famous for curing many 

distempers. 1769 Ropertson Chas. V, ILI. x1. 274 A con- 

tagious distemper raged among his troops, 1856 R. A. 

VauGuan Mystics (1860) II. 131 The cloister breeds a family 

of mental distempers, elsewhere unheard of. 1860 EmMErson 

Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. (Bohn) II. 392 There is one 

topic peremptorily forbidden to all well-bred .. mortals, 

namely their distempers, 

c. apd A disease of dogs, characterized by 

catarrh, cough, and loss of strength. Also applied 
to various other diseases of animals. 

1747 Gent?. Mag. 686 Dr. Barker's Method of treating the 
Distemper among Cows, 1781 P. Beckrorp Hunting (1802) 
64 The distemper makes dreadful havock with whelps at 
their walks. 1816 Towne Farmer §& Grazier's Guide 28 
What is commonly denominated ‘The Distemper’ in Horses, 
proves generally to be a Catarrh, 1823 Scott Let, to Aliss 
Edgeworth 22 Sept. in Lockhart, That fatal disorder proper 
to the canine race called par excellence, the distemper. 1887 
Times 1 Feb. 9/6 Swine fever..being known in different 
parts of Great Britain by the names of pig typhoid, pig 
distemper [etc.]. 

+d. Intoxication. Ods. 

1599 Suaks. //en. V, 11. ii. 54 If little faults, proceeding on 
distemper, Shall not be wink’d at. 1607 Drewll’s Arraign. 
in Hart, Misc. (Malh.) II]. 55 Such plenty of wine as to 
cause distemper, 1650 Futter Pisgah u. xiii. 279 Drunk- 
ards. .in the fits of their distemper. 

5. transf. and fig. Derangement, disturbance, or 
disorder (sf. in a state or body politic), (Now 
always with allusion to sense 4.) 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 3 (1873) 30 Here ., is the 
first distemper of learning, when men andy words and not 
matter, 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. lxxxiii. 448 In these sad 
times of our Civill Distempers. 1681 Nevite Plato Rediz. 
title-p,, An Endeavour is used to discover the present Politick 
Distemper of our own[Kingdom]. 1777 Burke Let. Affairs 
Amer, Wks, III, 149 All struggle rather inflamed than 
lessened the distemper of the publick councils. 1849 
Macautay Hist, Eng. 11. 404 The distempers of the state 
were such as required an extraordinary remedy. 

Distemper, 50.2 Painting. [f. DisteMPER 
v4, after 16th c. F. destrempe, mod.F. détrempe in 
same sense, f. des-, détremper: see DISTEMPER v. 2.] 

1. A method of painting, in which the colours are 
mixed with some glutinous substance soluble in 
water, as yolk of egg mixed with water, etc., exe- 
cuted usually upon a ground of chalk or plaster 
mixed with gum (distemper-ground) : mostly used 
in scene-painting, and in the internal decoration of 
walls, Chiefly in such phrases as ‘ painting’ or 
*to paint in distemper’ (It. pimgere a tempera). 

1632 Peacuam Compi, Gent. xiii. (2634) 141 He wrought in 
distemper (as we call it) or wet with size, sixe histories of 

tient Job, wherein are many excellent figures. 1658 

HILLIPS S.v., Painting in Distemper, or size .. hath been 
ancientlier in use than that which is in oiled colours. 1666 
Pepys Diary (1879) VI. 4 There saw my picture of Green- 
wich finished to my very great content, though this manner 
of Meerany do make the figures not so pleasing as in oyle. 
By x H.Wacpore Vertue’s Anecd, Paint. (1786) 1. 44 The: 

. glued a linnen cloth upon the wall, and covered that wit! 
plaister, on which they painted in distemper. 1773 Gent/. 
Mag. XLIII, 216 Nor is there any strength in the shadows 
of the drapery, a defect that usually attends painting in 
fresco and distemper. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 22/2 a Bos 
an inferior kind of colouring used Se both internal and ex- 
ternal walls: .instead of oil colour, being a cheap substitute. 
«. Scene es is executed in distemper, 1850 Mrs. 
Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 108 A small picture in 
distemper on panel. 1859 Guttick & Tims Paint, 75 Oil- 
pictures are frequently d y in pera, or, as it 
is now called, distemper—in other words, water-colours. 

2. Also applied to the pigment prepared for this 
ages and to the ground on which it is executed. 

n House-painting, whiting mixed with size and 
water, with which ‘ceilings are generally done; 
plastered walls, when not painted or papered, are 
also so covered’ (Gwilt). 

ny. Rage 1]. 1839 W. B.S. Taytor tr. Mérimée's Painting 


in Oil & Fresco v. 220 The time required for priming, ma 
be sneened it making the first and second couches with 
OL, . 


- xlv. 18 To lufe in sic distemperance. 


521 


distemper .. let the last couch be merely oil, which has be- 
come viscous by exposure to the air; this will pene‘rate the 
distemper, and render it quite pliant. 1879 Cassed/'s Techn, 
Educ, Ww. 229/t note, Cobalt, raw umber, and white make a 
magnificent grey, both in oil-colours and in distemper 
(powder-colours mixed with size), 

3. attrib. and Comb., as distemper-brush, -colour, 
-painting, -ptece; distemper-ground: see I above. 

1837 Penny Cycl, 1X. 22/2 Paper stainers employ distemper 
colour in printing and staining papers for walls. 1839 
W. B.S. Taytor tr. Mérimée’s Painting in Oil & Fresco 
v. 218 In the commencement of the art the canvasses were 
laa like the eas oge with distemper grounds, 1841 

. Spacoine Jtaly § Jt. Isl, Il. 242 Frescoes on the 

walls or distemper-pieces on the fixed altars. 1874 R. St. 
Joun Tyrwuitt Sketch. Club 26 You pass out of pure water- 
painting into distemper-painting, 

+Distermperance. 0s. [a. OF. destem- 
prance, -trempance intemperance (13th c. in Godef.) 
=med.L. distemperantia (Du Cange), f. dis-, D1s- 
4+L. temperantia TEMPERANCE. } 

. gen. Improper proportioning or mingling (of 

elements). 

ne Ayend. 153 Ase to be bodye of man comep alle eueles 


-uor be destempringe of pise uour qualites ober of pise uour 


humours: alzuo of pe herte of pe manne comep alle be uices 
and alle pe zennes be be distemperance of pise peawes. 

2. Of the air, climate, weather: Intemperateness, 
inclemency ; = DISTEMPERATURE I. 

¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 11. pr. xi. 97-8 Pat pe vttereste bark 
[of trees] is put ayenis the destempraunce of pe heuene, as 
adefendowr. ¢1430 Li/e St, Kath, (1884) 60 Tempest and 
alle distemperance of weder. 1494 Fanyan Chron. vil. 336 
And this yere fell great dystemperaunce of wethyr. 1558 
Asp, Parker Corr, (1852) 52, I would wish ye were not much 
stirring abroad in the distemperance of the air. 1579 FENTON 
Guicciard, 1x. (1599) 382 It was hard for him to remaine 
there, both for the want of victuals, and distemperance of 
the time, winter approching. : 

3. Disturbance of ‘humour’, temper, or mind ; 
= DIsTEMPER sé.1 3. 

1574 Hettowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. 161 For any distem- 
peraunce that may greeue you, or maye happen to anger 
you. 1602 Daniet Musophilus cii, If..this nice wit, or that 
distemperance, Neglect, distaste, uncomprehend, disdain, 

4. Distempered condition (of the ‘humours’, 
etc.) ; bodily or mental disorder, ailment. 

1529 More Com/, agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1196/2 The dystem- 
perance of either other, engendreth some tyme the distem- 
perance of both twayne [soul and body]. 1573 Asp. PARKER 
in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. II. 268 My oft distemperance and 
infirmitie of bodye. 1576 Newton Lemmie's Complex. (1633) 
128 When moisture is all wasted, a man falleth into a cold 
and dry distemperance, and finally thereby brought to his 
death, 1620 VENNER Via Recta vii. 114 Stomacks. .subiect 
to vomiting through the distemperance of choler. 

5. Lack or absence of moderation; excess, in- 
temperateness; sec. excess in drinking or other 
indulgence, intemperance. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, iv. pr. ii. 116 Certis so dob distem- 
peraunce to feble men, bat ne mowen nat wrastle a3eins be 
vices, Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxviii. (1495) 139 
The hondes ben drye by distemperaunce of heete and ex- 
cesse that wastyth the moysture. 1500-20 Dunsar Poems 
1547 BoorpeE Lev, 
Health u. 26 Allis thorowe distemperaunce of the bodye vsed 
the day before. 1576 Newton Lemuie’s Complex. (1633) 178 
Superfluity and distemperance of drinke, 1589 CoGaNn 
Haven Health cii. (1636) 100 The stomack is weake by dis- 
temperance of heat. 


Diste‘mperate, ¢. Os. or arch. [ad. med. 


_L. distemperat-us not properly proportioned, min- 


gled, regulated, or ordered, immoderate, excessive 
(said of the weather, the bodily humours, etc.), f. 
Dis- 4+. ¢emperdatus tempered, proportioned, re- 
gulated, temperate, pa. pple. of semperdre to 
‘TEMPER. ] : 

+1. Of the air or elements: Not temperate, not 
so tempered or regulated as to be conducive to 
health and comfort; excessive in some respect ; 
inclement, stormy, unwholesome. Oés. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. \xii. (1495) 179 Flesshe 
moost defendyth the rydge fro dystemperat ayre. 1594 
Carew Huarte’s Exam. Wits xv. (1596) 264 Any temperat 
or distemperat region. 1647 FULLER Good Th. in Worse 7. 
(1841) 90, I have endeavoured in these distemperate times to 
hold up my spirits, and to steer them steadily ., Now, alas! 
the storm grows too sturdy for the pilot. 


+2. Of the bodily ‘humours’: Not properly 
tempered ; disordered through excess or deficiency 
of some constituent; hence, of bodily or mental 
condition, etc., disordered, out of order; diseased, 
out of health; ill-conditioned. Ods. 


1548 Recorpe Uvin, Physick viii. 35 There remaineth yet — 


somewhat of that distemperate trouble in the blood. 1604 
J..Burces in W, Covell Briefe Answ, (1606) 13 The Con- 
science soyled, is like a bf ga cng Locke, that no Key 
will open. 1614 Jackson Creed m1. xxiv. § 4. 238 When they 
could not answere his reasons .. though mast offensiue to 
their distemperate humor. 1623 WoproEPHE Marrow Fr. 
Tongue 295 (1.) Thou hast ped rain distemperate, and out 
ofrule. 1658 Whole Duty Man xvi. § 17. 133 Is it possible 
there can be (even to the most distemperate palate) any 
such sweetness in it. 

3. Passing the bounds of moderation; immo- 
derate, excessive ; inordinate, intemperate ; = Dis- 
TEMPERED 5. Ods. or arch, 

1557 Tottell’s Misc. (Ab) 230 When I amid mine ease did 
fall to such distemperate fits. 1587 Harrison England u. 
vi. (1877) 1, 142 In over much and distemperate gormandize. 


DISTEMPERED. 


1598-9 E. Forpe Parismus 1. (1661) 118 How can this dis- 
temperate sorrow procure your lost Friend? 1614 RALEIGH 
Hist, World 1. (1634) 38 Against it Thomas Aquinas ob- 
jecteth the distemperate heat. 1634 T. Jounson Parey’s 
Chirurg. xxi. iv. (1678) 492 Humors putrefie either from 
fulness .. or by distemperate excess. 1847 BusuneLi Chr. 
Nurt, us, ili, (1861) 276 A distempered or distemperate life. 

+ Diste‘mperate, v. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem 
of med.L. distemperare; see DISTEMPERYV.'] trans. 
To affect with distemper ; to disorder, disease. 

1547 Boorpve Brev. [Health \xxiii. 25 b, It doth signifye 
that the lunges be out of order, and dystemperated. 1607 
Topsetn Four. Beasts (1658) 440 An extream .. inflamma- 
tion and burning through a'l the parts of the body, which 
doth greatly distemperate and vex the same. 

+ Diste‘mperately, adv. Obs. [f. Distem- 
PERATE @, + -LY 2, (In 5 also disatem-, f. ATTEM- 
PERATELY).] Ina distemperate manner : immoder- 
ately, intemperately, excessively. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. lii. (1495) 893 Hete 
and coldnesse passyth not dystemperatly the fyrste gree. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/1 He wold not forbede them 
that wold edyffye yf that he sawe them not doo it dysatem- 
peratly. 1607 WaALKINGTON Oft. Glass 49 Distemperatly 
hote. 1653 A. Witson Yas. /, 117 Not distemperately 
importuning them with Conjurations. 

Distemperature (distempéritittz). Now 
rare and arch. [f. med. L. type *d/stemperatira 
(= OF. destempreure): cf. DIsTEMPERATE and 
TEMPERATURE.] Distemperate or distempered con- 
dition. 

1. A condition of the air or elements not properly 
tempered for human health and comfort ; evil, de- 
ranged, or extreme ‘temperature’ (in the earlier 
sense of this word, including all atmospheric states) ; 
inclemency, unwholesomeness. 

1531 Etyor Gow, 11. xxvi, The temperature or distempera- 
ture of the regions. 1584 PEELE Arvatynm. Paris v, Woods 
Where neither storm nor suns distemperature Have power 
to hurt by cruel heat or cold. 1638 Raw ey tr. Bacon's 
Life & Death (1650) 11 Surely their cloathing is excellent 
good against the distemperatures of the weather. 1665 Sir 
‘T. Herpert 7rav. (1677) 43 This distemperature by storms 
of Wind and Rain turns Summer into Winter. 1677 Hate 
Prim. Orig. Man, i. ix. 214 The same distemperature of 
the Air that occasioned the Plague, occasioned also the 
infertility or noxiousness of the Soil. 1860 TrencH Sern. 
Westm, Abb, v. 49 Henceforth..exposed to the sharp and 
wintry blasts and all those distemperatures of the air. 

2. Disordered or distempered condition of the 
‘humours’, or of the body; disorder, ailment. 

1533 Eryot Cast. Helthe 1. il. (1541) 3 To knowe the dis- 
temperature these sygnes folowyng wold be consydered. 
1582 Hester Secr. PAtorav. 1. i. 1 Sicknesse or infirmitie 
is no other thyng then a distemperature of humours in the 
bodies of Creatures. 1590 Suaks. Com, Err. v. i. 82 At her 
heeles a huge infectious troope Of pale distemperatures. 
162x Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. v. ili, This adventitious 
melancholy .. is caused by a hot and dry distemperature. 
1685 J. Scott Chr. Life (1699) V. 458 A distemperature of the 
brain, and blood and spirits. 1753 CHamBrrs Cycl, Supp. 
s.v., Suckers are another Distemperature of trees arising 
from the tree itself. 1863 Lp. Lytron Ring Amas?s Il. 14 
The effects of watching and the distemperature of an over- 
laboured brain. 

3. Disturbance of mind or temper. 

1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. To Rar. 9, I wote not what 
distemperature had kindled upa sorte of leawd loyterers 
ageinst mee. 1592 SHaks. Rom. §& Ful. u. iii. 4o Thou art 
vprous’d with some distemprature. 1633 Marmion /‘ine 
Companion iw. vi, Spr. I hear she is run mad. Ax. Is, 
and the cause of her distemperature Is the reproach you 
oh upon her honour. 1741 Warpurton Div. Legat. 11. 548 

hat I uttered through the distemperature of my passion. 
1823 Scorr Quentin D, xxxvii, Durward .. found the latter 
in astate of choleric distemperature. 1850 Browninc Laster 
Day xxxiii, 8 A mere dream and distemperature, 
transf. and fig. Derangement, disturbance, 
disorder (of society, the state, etc.). arch. or Obs. 

1593 Drayton clog. vu. 103 Since the Worlds distem- 
p’rature is such, 1613-18 DanieL Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 
154 The distemprature of the time was such, as no sword 
could cure it. 1615 J. STEPHENS Satyr. Ess. 147 A curious 
clocke; which by the distemperature of one wheele, growes 
distempered in every one, 1711 Suarresp. Charac. v. iii. 
(1737) III. 321 In the present Distemperatures.. Partys are 
no good Registers of the Actions of the adverse Side. 

5. Immoderateness, excess (esp. of heat or cold; 
cf. 1); excess in drinking or other indulgence, in- 
temperateness, intemperance. 

1572 J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 3b, Nothing .. better 
.. laketh away distemperature of heate .. then a dulce or 

leasunt Bathe. 1605 Bloudy Bk. C, It shamed him not 
Pitter his distemperatures abroade) to bring queanes home 
with him. 1630. Yohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 195 Princes 
. -following ill counsell and youthfull distemperature. 1875 
Lowett Old Elm Poet. Wks. 1890 IV. 82 The track it left 
seems less of fire than light, Cold bak to such as love distem- 
perature, ; 

Distempered (diste-mpoid), #f/.a.1_- [f. Dis- 
TEMPER V.1 +-ED ; perh. immed. after OF. destem- 
pré immoderate, excessive, deranged, or med.L, 
distemperatus DISTEMPERATE. ] 

+1. Of the weather, air, etc.: Not temperate; 
inclement; =DISTEMPERATE @. I. Oés. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos xii. 46 Considerynge the wynter 
that is alle dystempred. Compl, Scot. vi. 37 Situat 
maist cqmodiusly fra distemprit ayr ande corruppit infec- 
tione, 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xiv. (1596) 241 
They inhabit places distempered, where men become .. ill 
conditioned. 1612 Drayton Poly-old. i. 4 Muse, leaue the 
wayward Mount to his distempred heate. ‘: 

: 66 


DISTEMPERED. 


+2. Of the bodily humours: = DisteMPERATE 2. 
Hence, disturbed in humour, temper, or feelings ; 
out of humour, vexed, troubled. Ods. 

1595 Suaxs. Yokn wv. iii. 21 Once more to-day well met, 
distemper’d Lords. x Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 212 
His hastie distempered humour would breed great troubles 
in the State. Bratuwatt Arcad. Pr. uu. 136 The 
happy F of his di pered h 
Mitton P. Z. 1x. 1131 From thus distemperd brest..Adam 
..Speech intermitted thus to Eve renewd. 1762 Cuurcnitt 
Ghost w, Why should the distemper’d Scold Attempt to 
blacken Men? s 

8. Disordered, diseased, affected with a distem- 
per. a. physically. 

1440 Generydes (E. E. T. S.) 766 So sodenly .. All dis- 
temperyd and out of colour clene. c 1600 SHaxs. Sonn. 
cliii, I, sick withal .. thither hied, a sad distemper’d guest, 
But found no cure. 1688 Boyie Final Causes Mat. Things, 
Vitiated Sight 271 When .. reading, she was fain to shut 
the distempered eye, and imploy only the other. 1718 J. 
Cuampertayne Relig. Philos. (1730) I. iv. § 2 Sick and dis- 


tempered People. 1784 Cowrer /ask m1. 415 What is weak, | 


Distempered, or has lost prolific powers, Impaired by age. 
1825 Waterton Wand. S.A mer.u. iii. 192 The insects which 
have already formed a lodgement in the distempered 
t 


b. Mentally disordered, insane. Of persons (ods. 
or arch) ; their brain, mind, fancy, feelings, actions, 
etc. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. u.v §7S hes vttered in heat 
of distempered affection. 1633 G. Herpert Temple, 
Familie v, Griefs without a noise .. speak .. louder, then 
distemper'd fears. 1651 Hosses Leviath. mt. xxxiv. 208 ‘Jo 
a Distempered brain. 
temperd, discontented thoughts. 1692 Lutrreett Brief Rel. 
(1857) II. 638 One Thomas, a distempered man.. was 
ordered to be sent to Bedlam for a madman. 


1 Mitton P. L. tv. 807 Dis- | 


1718 /ree- | 


thinker No. 82 ® g The Lives of most Men are but dis- | 


tempered Dreams. 1 Swirt Further Acc. E. Curll 
Wks. 1755 III. 1. 161 His books, which his distempered 
imagination represented to him as alive. 1805 Woxpsw. 
Waggoner w. 82 As if the Warbler .. Upbraided his dis- 
tempered folly. 1810 Crasse Borough xxii, There they 
seized him—a distemper'd man. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. 
(1874) I. xxv. 285 The visions of a distempered fancy. 1857 
H. Reep Lect. Eng. Poets 11. xiv. 166 The darkened and 
distempered genius of Byron. 

4. transf. and fig. Disordered, deranged, dis- 
tracted, out of joint. 

160s Suaxs. Macé. v. ii. 15 He cannot buckle his dis- 
temper'd cause Within the belt of Rule. a1628 Preston 
Serm. bef. his Majestie (1630) 18 We are wont to lay aside 
cracked vessels, and distempered watches as unusefull. 
1649 Br. Reynotps Hosea Ep. 2 The.. difficulties under 
which this distempered Kingdom is now groaning. 1722 
Wottaston Relig. Nat. i. 
temperd world. 1879 Q. Kev. Apr. 414 Those distempered 
times. 

+5. Immoderate, inordinate, intemperate ; = D1s- 
TEMPERATE 3. Ods. 

1586 J. Hooker Giradd. Irel. in Holinshed II, 152/2 Verie 
temperat and modest, seldome or neuer in anie distempered 
or extraordinarie choler. 1644 Laup Wes, (1854) 1V. 121 
He must answer for his own distempered language. 1665 
Sir T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) go [He] died through dis- 
tempered drinking. 

+6. Of metal: Deprived of ‘temper’. Ods. rare. 

1796 Pearson in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 446 Common 
annealed, or distempered steel. 

Hence Diste‘mperedly adv.; Diste‘mpered- 
ness. 

1639 W. Wuatecey Prototypes 11, xxxiv. (1640) 181 We 
must pray to God for such a measure of wisedome and 
patience, that crosses may not work so distemperedly upon 
us. St. Trials, ¥. Lilburne (R.\, The distempered- 
ness and invenomedness of spirit which is within you. 1832 
J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 257 Nature. .will not 
suffer such eyes to look distemperedly on her works. 


t Diste‘mpered, 7//.2.2 Otis. [f. Distempzr 
Py 


1; Diluted ; weakened or impaired by dilution. 
(In quot. 1621 are = Badly mixed ortempered. More or 
less influenced by Disremreren i. a.) 
1621-31 Laup Sev. Serm. (1847) 72 If it be laid with ‘un- 
pered’, or ‘di pered morter’, all will be naught. 
1638 Sir T. Hexserr 7rav. (ed. 2) 330 The Clove .. in the 
morne cal ey greene, in the meridian a distempered red. 
174 Lond. & Country Brew. u. (ed. 2) 106 Great Quantities 
em » Ales, and other 
2. — in distemper. 
Dublin Mi . 1/3 Colour rooms .. with 
P< ar ine ee gem ~ colours. i 
Diste‘mperer. vare. [f. Distemper v.2 + 
-ER ya One who paints in distemper. 
1876 Browninc Pacchiarotto 10 Our brave distemperer. 
en see under Distemper v,1 
an a 
+ Distem t. Obs, [f. DistEmPEr v.! 
-mENT. (OF. had destemprement = mélange.)} 
Diste m condition (of the air, or humours), 

Seer. Phiorav. ui, \xiii. 87 Indispositi 
that come throogh disiermperment of humours. "1661 Feur- 
nam Resolves, Lusoria xxtv. (1709) 584 Some sulphurous 
Spirit sent By the torne Air’s distemperment. 

+Distemperure. Oés. [a. OF. destemprure, 
-trempure (Godef.), ad. L. type *distemperatira: 
see DISTEMPER ¥.1 and -URE.] = DISTEMPERATURE. 

1. Distempered condition (of the elements, hu- 
mours); = DISTEMPERATURE I, 2. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 31 (In Paradise] bere is 
noon distemperure [n/a in: ies). 


Liquors. 


17 Such an irregular dis- | 


522 


2. Intemperance, immoderation ; = D1sTEMPERA- 
TURE 5. 

1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. III. 156 
iche bodily ping schulde i 
perinne may be calde glotorye. 

+ Distem: a. Obs. rare. [a. OF. destempré 
=L. distemperatus pa. pple.] = D1STEMPERED. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. iii. 121 Vif he be distempre 
Pr pants for ire. = 

Distenant (distenant), v. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans. 
To deprive of a tenant or occupier. So Dis- 
te’nanted ///. a., deprived of a tenant; unoccupied. 
nat Nasue Unfort. Trav. 8 Euerie vnder-foot souldior 

a distenanted tun, as Diogenes had his tub to sleepe in. 
1876 Farrar Marlb. Serm. xxii. 211 The darkened and un- 
spiritual intellect, may distenant creation of its God. 

Distend (distend), v. [ad. L. distend-tre to 
stretch asunder or out, swell out, extend, f. Dis- 1 
+ tendére to stretch. Cf. F. distendre (Paré, 16th 
c.) in sense 3. 

+1. trans. To stretch asunder, stretch out, ex- 
tend; to spread out at full length or breadth. Oés. 

c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 134 Mastik & pe white of an 
ey medlid togidere. .distende it vpon a cloop & leie it on be 
se 1597 Daniet Civ. Wars in. Ixxx, As this sweet 
rince distended lay. 1626 T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 101 


So, as temperure of 
a mon, distemperure 


DISTERMINATE. 


Distensibility (distensibi-Iiti. [E. next + 


; capa- 


the body, their great distensibility 
is well known. 1835-6 Toop Cyc?. Anaz, I. 66/: ities 
of .. distensibility and contractility. 1869 E. A. Parkes 
Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 408 India-rebber cloth loses in part 
its distensibility in very cold countries. 

Distensible (distensib’l), a. [f. L. distens- 
ppl. stem of distend-ére to DISTEND +-IBLE.] Ca- 
pable of being distended or dilated by stretching. 

1828 in WessTER. 1836-9 Tovpv Cycl. Anat. EE: spelt 
The tendinous zones are ble. 72858 C r. 
Phys. § 110 The bark is sufficiently distensible to admit of 
increase of the..stems. 1881 GinTueER in ae Brit. X11. 
654/1 (/chthyol.) A wide gullet and distensible stomach. 

_+ Distemsile, z. 0s, rare. [f. as prec. + 
-ILE, on L, type *¢esi/-is.]_ = DISTENSIBLE. 

1738 Stuart Muscular Motion ii. 27 in Phil, Trans. XL, 
If the vessel be di ile, it will d d it. Jbid. iii. 48 
Carried on in extensile and distensile blood-vessels. 

i i (distenfan). ~ Also 7-9 -tion. 
[ad. L. distension-em, var. of distention-em, n. of 
action from distendére to DisTeND; perh. immed. 


| a, F. distension (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 


God comming from Heauen..to take humane flesh, to dis- | 


tend his imperiall robe vpon man. 1703 T. N. City § C. Pur- 
chaser 11 Those. .which keeping precisely the same heighth, 
shall yet be distended, one 4th part longer. 1834 West /nd. 
Sketch Bh. 1. 43 Like..the alternate movement of the 
distended legs of a pair of compasses. 

fig. 1650 Howett tr. Girafi's Hist. Revolut. Naples 82 
‘The Archbishop was very busie in distending the Capitula- 
tions of the peeple for an accord. 
Valle’s Trav. E. India 126 The King’s discourse..was 
distended to divers things. 

+b. To stretch or extend beyond measure; to 
strain; to draw out of joint, to rack. Ods. rare. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 341 /2 When anye 
mans Arme, or Legge is distended or else writhede. [Ren- 
dered ‘ out of ioynte’ in the ‘ Exposition of wordes’ on the 
flyleaf]. x Drvven Fables, Cock & Fox 293 Stiff in 
denial, as the law appoints, On engines they distend their 
tortur'd joints. 

+ 2. zntr. To stretch out, extend; to spread out 
or abroad. Odés. 

1581 Stywarp Mart. Discifl. n. 135 Seauen rankes of 
Pikes..which did distend in length from the voward to the 
rereward, 1 Sir T. Hersert Trav. (ed. 2) 330 Leaves 
long and small, distending into many branches. 

3. trans. spec. To stretch out any hollow thing, 
so as to enlarge its surface and capacity ; to swell 
out or enlarge by pressure from within, as a bladder 
or an orifice with elastic sides; to expand, dilate 
by stretching. 

1650 BuLwer Anthrofomet. 246 Giving her Children too 
much meat, that distended their stomacks. DryDENn 
Virg. Georg. 1. 130 The Warmth distends the Chinks. — 
Past. 1x. 41 May thy Cows their burden'd Bags distend. 
1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 21 When persons are imme- 
diately killed by lightning, their lungs are found distended. 
1846 Evus Elgin Mar. ai 164 The veins of their faces and 
legs seem distended. 

transf. and fig. 
ideas of th’ Almighty's pow’r .. distend the thought Of 
feeble mortals! 1824 Dippin Libr. Comp. 558 To distend 
it into three bulky tomes. 

4. intr. To.increase in bulk by internal stretch- 
ing or swelling ; to swell out, expand. 

1667 Mitton P. L.1. 573 Now his heart Distends with 
pride. ae | J. Bapcock Dew. Amusem. 135 The bladder 
will distend. 18: 


1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. m. iv. § 14. 711, When 
wood distends on imbibition or contracts on dessication. 
Hence Distending vé/. sb. and ppl. a. 
—* Frercuer Purple [si. nu. xxiv, Two parted Walls 
with wide distending space. /did. v. li, Stuffe.. Fit for 


Ai d 


g or compr 
The distending force of the water, 


Distended (distendéd), f//. a. [f. prec. + . 


-ED!.]_ a. Spread out or extended in space; 
sp! abroad; stretched. b. Dilated, expanded. 
1597 Danie Civ. Wars vi. xii, That mighty Familie, The 
faire distended stock of Nevileskind. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 
Pref. B ij b, I have, by the help of a distended wire, - 
ted the sound to a considerable distance. 
rypEN Virg. Georg. 11. 483 The still distended Udders. 
1795 Cowrrr Needless Alarm 43 The huntsman, with 


distended cheek, 'Gan make his instrument of music 
1834 West Ind. Sketch Bk. 1, 109 The boat resembled a 


huge sea-bird.. casting d from its d Pp 
3878 Huxtey Physiogr. 221 This enclosed in the distended 
envelope furnished by the ovule, is the pea. 

Hence Diste’ndedly adv., in a distended or ex- 
tended manner; extendedly. 

1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) Il. xviii. 121 A_pinch 
taken with a dainty finger and thumb, the other three 


distendedly bent. 
Distender. ave. a as prec. + -ER1,] One 
who distends ; an expander. : 
1831 Examiner 4/1 Not a retailer, even of anecdotes, he 
is a distender of them. 
+ Diste’ndible, z. Os. Also 7 -able. = 
of being distended ; 


as prec. + -IBLE.] Capable 


distensible. 
Phil. Trans. VII, 5137 The Veins only of plants 
the parts seokeliedinae ble. x Hist. Litteravia 
\ IIL. 350 Distendible, and ductile under, the Hammer, 


W. Irvine Tour Prairies 247, 1 could | 
see his veins swell and his nostrils distend with indignation. | 


1823 Ev.is Mem. ¥. Gordon 77 | 


1665 G. Havers P. della | 


1742 Younc Nt. Th. 1x. 1932 How such | 


1. The action of distending ; distended condition ; 
expansion by stretching or swelling out. 

1607 Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1658) 239 If a horse..be 
weary, it is not safe to let him drinke .. except he first 
stale; for in such cases followeth distention. 1625 CrookE 
pd of Man 77 Ls to — — = 

istensions. 1 ARTLEY ery. ani... great 
Distentions Boag haere with Pain for a pF ace time. 
1802 Parry Nat. Vheol. x. 85 (2819) 160 Tubes .. kept in a 
state of perpetual distention by the fluid they enclose. 1850 
B. ‘T'ayior Eldorado xxi, (1862) 215 The large sails. .motion- 
less in their distension. c gee 

The action of stretching longitudinally, 
straightening out, or placing at full length; ex- 
tension ; straining, racking. Now Odés. or rare. 
ax62g Beaum. & Fi. Double Marriage m. iii, The rack 
has spoil'd her; the distensions of those parts have — 
all fruitfulness. 1671 Fraver Fount. Life xxvi. 79 A..Refer- 
ence to the Distention of all his Members upon the Tree. 
1875 KinGtake Crimea (1877) V. i. 230 The alternate dis- 
tension and contraction of the line. 
+b. Stretching asunder or apart. Ods. rare. 

1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 36 Our Leggs do labour more 

in Elevation then in Distention. y 

i ive (distensiv), a. rare. [f. L. dis- 
tens- ppl. stem +-Ive.] Capable of distending or 
being distended ; distensible. 

1836 Smaxt, Distensive, that may be distended. 
Worcester, Distensive, that distends or may be diste’ 

+ Distent, 5d. Obs. (ad. L. distentus (u- stem) 
a stretching out, distending, f. ppl. stem of distend- 
ére to DISTEND.] Stretching out; out-stretched 
extent ; distension ; breadth. 

1613-18 Dante Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 34 The wide distent 
of these tumors, fed from many secret veines. 1614 RALEIGH 
Hist. World mm. x. § 4 The fronts of the two Armies were 
so vnequall in distent. 1624 Worton Archit. in Relig. (1672) 
32 [To] be distended one fourteenth part..which addition 
of distent will confer much to their Beauty. 1659 B. Harnis 
Parival's Iron Age 6 Poland is of vast distent. 

Distent (distent), pp/.a. [ad. L. distent-us, 
pa. pple. of distendére. Commonly used as a pa. 
pple., =Distenpen, on the analogy of such con- 
tracted pa. pples. as sent, spent. 

+1. Shetched ont at fail or breadth; ex- 
tended. Ods. pr Pacey tes 

1590 Srenser F. Q.11. vii. 5 Great heapes of gold never 
Pan og pn which some were rude owre .. others 
were new driven, and distent Into great Ingowes and to 
are, 1773 J; Ross Fratricide 1. 296 (MS.) Thus 
Earth's -born.. Distent upon the ground, 

2. Expanded by stretching ; 

1605 Drayton Man in Moon b The helabt Lesanne- 
her womb Saet With ~ great os by Jove = 
bare. ene HOMSON I chads wi 
vernal wers distent. 780 1. Ret ey ton 360 
Nostrils..now distent, now 


contracted, 
Obs. [f. L. distent- ppl. stem 


+ Diste'nt, v. . 
of distendére.] =Distenp, (Perhaps only in pa. 
pple. distented = prec.) 

1578 Banister ‘ist. Man v. 72 The intrels..distented, or 
retched out by the thynges conteined. cxz2o W. Ginson 
Farrier’s Dispens. iii. 1. 64 When the Stomack 


17 
is moderately distented. ii Blood-vessels of the 
Brain being..filled and distented. Jbfd. xi. 155. ©1720 
Collect. Misc. Lett. fr. Miot's Frnt. (1722) U1. 19 Bee's 
distented Thigh. 
Distention, var. form of DisTENsIoN. 


Dister : see DisTErr v. 
+ Disterminate, v. Obs. [f. L. disterminat- 
pl. stem of désterminare to mark off by boun- 
ies, f, Dis- 1 + ¢ermindre to bound, mark off: 
see TERMINATEY.] ¢rans. To separate as a boun- 
dary does; to divide by a boundary; to bound, 
Diste’ 


inflated ing the Dictator them. 

po Corvat Crudities 441 Xs noble Rhene .. the fairest 

river 2 ny it heron) MAA whine of 4 
. Introd. x" 

H is - -diatermanating from Armenia. EL, i 


DISTERMINATE. 


New a 1. in PAil. Trans. X1. 786 Whether some such. . 
Fluid. .insinuated itself recht our two Liquors, 
and made the Disterminating surface more specular.. 

+ Diste te, a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dés- 
terminat-us, pa. pple. of distermindre : see prec., 
of which it is also used as pa. pple. for déster- 
minated.| Separated, marked off, divided. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. x. 106 The Lzstrigonian state, That 
bears her ports so far disterminate. | 1624 Br. Hatt Peace- 
maker i. %3 (R.) There is one and the same church of Christ, 
however far disterminate in places .. however differing in 
rites and circumstances of worship. 1671 True Nonconf. 
122 There can be nothing more clearly disterminat. B 

‘tion. Oés. [ad. L. distermin- 
ation-em, n, of action f. disterminare: see prec.] 
Separation as by boundaries ; division. 

- 1647 Hammonv Power Keys v. 117 This turning out of the 
Church, this Church-banish or distermination. 1657 
Reeve God's Plea 133 Our discrepancy and distermination 
in good things is such, that it hath parted the com- 
munity, i } 

+ Disterrmine, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. dis- 
termin-are to DISTERMINATE, after determine.] 

TPisters: Distermine, to diuide, to separate. 

+Disterr, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7c + L. 
terr-a land. Cf. It. disterrare, OF. desterrer (11th 
ec. in Hatz.-Darm.) ‘to take out of the ground’ 
(Cotgr.), mod. F. aéerrer, formerly also, ‘to de- 
prive of land or country’.] ¢vans. To banish from 
one’s country; to exile. (Only in Howell.) 

1645 Howe. Lett. (1650) I. 1. xxiv, The Moors, whereof 
many thousands were disterr'd and banished hence to Bar- 
bary. /did. 1. 111. xxxii, The Jews. .were all..disterred and 
exterminated [from Spain]. : 

Diste'st, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 4 + L. ses- 
tare, -a@ri to call to witness, f. ¢estis witness. ] 
trans. To undo or discredit the testimony of; to 
deprive of the right of being received in testi- 
mony. 

* 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng.1. xiii. 41 Ethelstan’s Law 
ere it [power of sentence] and upon conviction .. distested 
the delinquents Oath for ever. 


Diste: 


yne, obs. forms of Destiny, DISTAIN. 


+ Distha‘tch, v. Ols. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7 a.] 
trans. To deprive of thatch (in quot. fig.). 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 11. x. 141 Two Ancient Reve- 
rend Men, had almost disthatch'd their Faces. 

me (disp). Aen. [mod. f. Gr. &-, 
Di- 2 twice + o@évos strength. Named by Haiiy, 
1801, from its different electrical properties in two 
different directions.] A synonym of CyaNITE I. 

1808 T. Attan Names Min. 26. ¢1865 Livincstone in 
Chambliss Livingstone & Stanley x. 189 Great masses of 
kyanite or disthene. 1868 Dana Ain. 375. 

me (disprdwn), v [f. Dis- 7c + 
THRONE sb.] ¢rans. To remove from the throne; 
to DeTHRONE. Also jig. 

1sgr Sytvester Du Bartas 1. vi. 615 Our rebellious Flesh, 
whose rest-less Treason Strives to dis-throne and to dis- 
scepter Reason. 1603 Hortann Plutarch’s Mor. 1197 
Thrasibulus .. was disthroned and driven out of his domin- 
ions, 1666 J. Smit Old Age To Rdr. (ed. 2) 4 Nothing 
can possibly disthrone them. 1876 Gro. Ettot Dan. Der. 
ut. xxvi, To be a queen dis: is not so hard as some 
other down-stepping. 

Hence Disthro-nement, dethronement. 

31883 Hone. Monthly Oct. 36. 

+ ‘nize, v. Ods. 
sb.+-1ZE. Cf. enthronize. TEC. 

1583 Stusses Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 60 That will go about 
to disthronize the mightie God .. of his regall throne. 1590 
Spenser F. Q. . x. 44. 1615 T. Avams Blacke Devill 45 
Man is by Christ advanced to that place whence God 
disthronized him. 1689 Def. Liberty agst. Tyrants 74 
Kings convinced of loose Intemporancy were disthronized. 

Distich (di'stik), sd. Forms: 6-7 (distichon), 
disticke, 6-8 distick, 7 distique, dystick, 7-9 
distic, 6- distich. Pl. distichs (di-stiks) (also 
7-8 distiches), [ad. L. déstichon, a. Gr. diortxov 
distich, couplet (neut. of dicrrxos adj.: see next), 
f. &:- (Di- 2) + orixos row, line of verse. At first 
used in the Lat. form. The pl. déstiches app. points 
to an obs. pronunciation dirstitf.] A couple of 
lines of verse, usually making complete sense, and 
(in anaes _ weaet a couplet. 

1 ECON Religues of Rome (1563) 117* There is a 
Ditehon fathered on S. Pad ng 1366 Drant Horace 
To Rdr. 3 Accordinge to the tenour of this distichon. 1577- 
87 Howtnsuep Chron. III. 1206/2 Master Abraham Hart- 
well .. g! in a distich or twaine at the effect hereof. 
1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 284 A distichon en- 

en on heF tombe. 1642 Mitton Afo/. Smect. (2851) 

either had I ever read the hobbling distick wi v4 
means. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 45, 1 shall compose halfe 
a dozen distichs. 1711 Steere Sfect. No. 43 ? 9 From 
among many other Distiches no less to be quoted’on this 
Account, I cannot but recite the two following Lines. 2788 
Burns Let. to W. Dunbar 7 Apr., I have scarcely made a 
ori ; since ol you. r189r _— Introd, ae. 

. Te I. greater num verses in the 
poetry of the Old ist of Distich 

Distich (disstik), 2. rare. [ad. L. distich-us, 
a. Gr. diat:xos of two rows, of two verses: see 
ers Arranged in two rows; = DisticHovus. 

- 1788 Jas. Lee /ntrod. Bot. (ed. 4) 182 Distich, in two Rows, 
when the Branches are produced in a horizontal Situation. 
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 211 Distic, when 


[f. Dis- 6 + THRONE 


ly 


| 


523 


in a similar prism .. two rows of facets are arranged around 
each base. 1852 Tu. Ross Humboldt’s Trav. 1. xv. 477 
A fine gramineous plant with distich leaves. Poe 

Distichal (di:stikal), a. (sb.) [f. L. drstichus 
(see prec.) +-AL.] 

1. Pros. Pertaining to, or of the form of, a distich ; 
consisting of two lines of verse. 

1778 Br. Lowtn Traus/. /sa. Prelim. Diss. 1 The regular 
form of the Stanzas, chiefly Distichal, and the Parallelism 
of the Lines, were excellently well suited to this purpose. 
1847 Sir T. D. Lauper in 7ait's Mag. X1V. 656 There exist 
numerous distichal prognostications. 1895 Q. Kev. Jan. 132 
A distichal rhyme. 

2. Zool. Applied to certain joints in the ‘arm’ of 
a crinoid; also as s/.; see quot. 1888. 

1879 P. H. Carpenter in Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool, 11.1. 21 
The distichal radii represent the primary arms of Comatula 
and Pentacrinus. 1btd.24 Three distichals composing each 
primary arm and bearing the brachials directly. 1888 Rot- 
LesTon & Jackson Anim. Life 572 If the arms [of a Crinoid] 
branch twice, the joints between the first and second places 
of division are known as distichals ; if thrice, the joints be- 
tween the second and third places of division are designated 
palmars. — ae . 

|| Distichiasis (distikai-asis). Path. [mod.L., 
f. distichia, a. Gr. dott xia a double row, f. diate xos 
(see DisticH).] A malformation in which the 


eyelid has a double row of eyelashes. 

{1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Distichia, a double Row of 
Hairs on the Eye-Lids.] 1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 673 The 
name of distichiasis has been given to this ideal state. 

Distichic (disti:kik),@. [f. Gr. 8i071x-ov Dis- 
TICH+-IC.] =DISTICHAL a. I. 

1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. WI. 1955 A closed 
train of thought which is unrolled after the distichic and 
tristichic ground-form of the rhythmical period. 

Distichous (di'stikas), a. [f. L. déstich-us adj. 
(see DistIcH) + -oUs.] Disposed in two opposite 
rows; having parts so disposed, two-ranked ; for- 
merly, sometimes=dichotomous ; sfec. in Bot. ar- 
ranged (alternately) in two vertical ranks on oppo- 
site sides of the axis, as in the glumes and grains 
of barley; in Zxfom. applied to antenne having 
the joints similarly arranged. 

1753 Cuamsers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Stalk, Ifit [the stalk] part 
into two series of branches, it is expressed by the term ds- 
tichous. 1819 Mem. Sir ¥. E. Smtith (1832) 11. 250 Perfectly 
distichous leaves. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1.127 Tail 
round at its base, distichous at the extremity. 1839-47 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. I11. 264/2 Having the hairs of the tail distich- 
ous. 1845 Florist’s Frni. 69 Distichous flowers in a leafy 
spike. 1870 BentLey Bot, 137 A second variety of arrange- 
ment of alternate leaves is called distichous or two-ranked. 

Hence Distichously adv. 

1853 G. Jounston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 1.220 The spike is 
sometimes compound and distichously branched. 1870 
Hooker Stm?. Flora 305 Statice, Sea-lavender .. spikelets, 
which are alternately distichously or secundly arranged. 
188: Bentuam in Jrul. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 325 The leaves 
are. .distichously imbricate on the short stem. 

Distil, distill (distil),v. Inflect. distilled, 
-illing. Forms: 4-5 distille, 5-6 destylle, 
dystyll, 6 distyll, 6-7 destill, 5- distill, 7- 
distil. [ad. L. déstillare, more correctly dé- 
stillare to drip or trickle down, drop, distil, f. De- 
I. 1 + stzllare to drop: cf. F. déstiller (14th c. in 
Littré) = Pr. distillar, Sp. destilar, It. distillare.] 

1. intr. To trickle down or fall in minute drops, 
as rain, tears; to issue forth in drops or in a fine 
moisture; to exude. 

¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vii. 26 Pe liquour pat distilles 
oute of pe braunches. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, Her 
teares on her chekes twayne Full pyteously gan to destylle. 
1514 Barciay Cyt. § Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. |xxii, 
The sweat distilling with droppes aboundaunt. 1526 /i/gr. 
Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 258 [He] hath caused holy oyle to 
distyll out of y® bones of his sayntes. 1612 Capt. Smitu 
Map Virginia 7 Mountaines ; from whence distill innumer- 
able sweet and pleasant springs. 1659 D. PeLt /mpr. Sea 
272 Fetch water out of the Seas..to distill in silver showers 
upon the face of the whole Earth. 1704 Pore Windsor For. 
54 Soft showers distill'd, and suns grew warm in vain. 17, 
Freipine ¥. Andrews 1. xi, A thousand t distilled from 
the lovely eyes of Fanny. 1810 Soutnry Kehama x1. v, The 
wine which from yon wounded palm .. Fills yonder gourd, 
as slowly it distills, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. v. (1856) 36 
Water distilled in drops over the rocks. — 

b. To pass or flow gently. Chiefly fg. 
Biste (Douay) Dan. ix. 11 The malediction hathe 


distilled upon us .. use we have sinned. 1611 Biste 
Deut, xxxii. 2 My shall distill as the deaw. 1715-20 
Pore Jiiad 1. ords, sweet as honey, from his lips 


32 
distill’d. 1830 $e R. Granr Hymn, ‘O worship the King’ 
iv, Thy bountiful care..sweetly distils in the dew and the 
rain. a 1853 Rosertson Serm. Ser. ut. xxi. 281 The wisdom 
--will distil in honeyed sweetness. 

+c. To melt into, or become dissolved in, Zears. 

1374 Cuaucer 7roylus tv. 491 (519) This Troylus in teris 
gan Tf ille. c1400 Jest. ie _ Bewde (1561) 
287 a/r With that I gan in teares to distill. 

d. To drip or be wet with. 

1714 Gay Trivia 1, 50 Till their arm'd Jaws distill with 
Foam and Gore. 1715-20 Pore //tad xvi. 72 See his jawS 
distil with smoking gore. 1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong 
Hail xiii, Till his face. .distils with perspiration. 

2. trans. To let fall or give forth in minute drops, 
or in a vapour which gen into drops. 

c Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 265 Boile hem ina double vessel, 
& dutille & in his ecre faisch (=tepidusl, myg4 Fanvan 
Chron, vi. clviii. 147 Hir eyen dystylled dropes of blode. 


DISTIL. 


1509 Hawes Yoyf. Med. ix. (Arb.) 72 The dewe of Joye .. 
Dystylled is nowe from the rose so red. 1601 Hotianp 
/liny I. 272 If by way of embrochation it be ‘distilled 
from aloft vpon the head in a more thin and liquid sub- 
stance. 1667 Mitton P. L. v.56 His dewie locks disti!l'd 
Ambrosia. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 250 Trees do destil 
Water apace when Clouds or Mists hang about them. ed 
Drypen Virg. Past. vin. 74 Fat Amber let the Tamaris 

distill. 1758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 231, 
I distilled a few Drops of Bads. Viride into it (the Wound]. 
1878 HuxLey Physiogr. 53 The dew is distilled more abun- 
dantly upon the grass than upon the gravel. 

3. trans. and Jig. To give forth or impart in 
minute quantities; to infuse; + to instil. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 3 A gentil herte his tonge stilleth, 
That it malice none distilleth Butt preyse. c 1480 Crt. of 
Love 23 Thy sugar droppes sweet of Helicon Distil in me, 
thou gentle Muse, I pray. 1577 Fenton Gold. Efist. 
123 They shoulde haue distilled into their youth, doctrine, 
and rules of direction. 1630 SANDERSON Serm. II. 253 
Solomon... had this truth .. early distilled into him by 
both his parents. 1665 Watton Life Hooker in H.'s Wks. 
(1888) I. 36 There was distilled into the minds of the 
common people such.. venomous and turbulent principles. 
184r Myers Cath. 7h. in. xxvii. 102 Distilling healing 
Virtue into bitter waters. a 1881 Rossetti Rose Mary iil. 

3 She felt the slackening frost distil Through her blood 
the last ooze dull and chill. 

4. To subject to the process of distillation; to 
vaporize a substance by means of heat, and then 
condense the vapour by exposing it to cold, so as 
to obtain the substance or one of its constituents in 
a state of concentration or purity. Primarily said of 
a liquid, the vapour of which when condensed is 
again deposited in minute drops of pure liquid; 
but extended also to the volatilizing of solids, the 
products of which may be gaseous. See DisTILLa- 
TION 3. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. ww. vii. (14 
be sodde and dystylled, therof we maye 
grees. 1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. m. vii. 
140 The Water ..Looke thou dystyll. 
Heresbach’s Hush. w. (1586) 192 The water of the herbe 
steeped in White Wine, and destilled therewithal. 1787 
WisTer Syst. //usd. 339 To distill a sufficient quantity of 
water, 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc.& Art 11. 80 Water 
..when distilled, is every-where of the same specific gravity. 
s Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1.157 
tilling peat in the same way as 
1878 Hux Physiogr. 73 f it is required to distil 
a liquid, the liquid is evaporated in a boiler, and the vapour 
conducted to the condenser, where it becomes sufficiently 
cooled to be deposited in drops .. Fresh water is thus being 
constantly distilled from the briny ocean. 

b. To extract the essence of (a plant, etc.) by 
distillation ; to obtain an extract of. 

¢ 1400 MaunpEv. (1839) v. 51 Some destyllen Clowes. 1590 
Suaxs. Mids. N.1.i. 76 Earthlier happie is the Rose dis- 


go Yf bloode 
e talowe and 
n Ashm. (1652) 
1577. b. Gooce 


_ til’d Then that which withering on the virgin thorne, 


Growes, liues, and dies in single blessednesse. 1633 G. 
Hersert /emfple, Praise iv, An herb destill’d, and drunk. 
1750 JoHNsoN Rambler No. 51 P 4 The ladies .. begged me 
to excuse some large sieves of leaves and flowers .. for they 
intended to distill them, 1825 J. Neat Bro. Fonathan M11. 
433 Of the hellish herbs .. that she hath distilled for us, 

e. To transform or convert (‘fo something) 
by distillation. Also fg. 

@ 1636 BEN Jonson Sad Shepherd 1. ii, Two souls Dis- 
tilled into kisses through our lips, Do mzke one spirit of love. 
1792 J. Berxnarp New Hamfsh. 111. 205 Two or three 
vessels in a year would .. bring home molasses to be dis- 
tilled into rum. 1822 Lams Z/za Ser. 1. Conf. Drunkard, 
Draughts of..wine which are to be distilled into airy breath 
totickle vain auditors. 1847 Emerson Poems, Day's Ration 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 482 All he distils into sidereal wine. 

d. aésol. To perform distillation. 

r6rz SHaks. Cymzd. 1. v. 13 Hast thou not learn’d me how 
To make Perfumes? Distill? Preserue? 1800 tr. Lagrange’s 
Chem. 11. 403 Separate the salt, and distil at a gentle heat. 
1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 18 If we substitute 
6 parts of alcohol for the 4 parts of water and distil, we 
obtain formic ether. 

e. fig. To extract the quintessence of; to con- 
centrate, purify. 

1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 142 This man is very 
charie over that one remaining, and distilleth all other 
devises rather than set finger to that string. 1601 Corn- 
waLLyes Ess. xii. (1632) Time hath distiid our bloods. 
1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. x. 267 Men who are distilled 
into the House of Commons, and then redistilled into the 
Ministry. 1889 Spectator 14 Dec. 830 We want a removable 
Secretary for school works, not a committee, which is only 
the public meeting over again, a little distilled. 

f. To drive (a volatile constituent) off or out by 
distillation. Also fg. ; 

1641 Frencu Distill. iv. (1651) 105 Distill off the Water till 
no more will distill. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. Il. 225 If 
nitric acid be distilled from off this matter, you will obtain 
oxalic acid. 1874 L. SterHen Hours in Library (1892) I. 
y. 150 To make a Wycherley ae must distil all the poetry 
out of a Fletcher. 31883 T. P. Teate Zcon. Coal 18 The 

a ile parts are distilled out, becomes a mass 
of red coke. 


5. To obtain, extract, produce, or make, by dis. 
tillation. aA 4 
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vii. 26 licour es distil 
of pam pai sell in steed of edad ape H. Buttes Dyets 
drie Dinner B v, Strawberrie-water ..rudely distilled, 
betwixt two platters, and not in a limbeck. Sir 
T. Hersert Trav. 150 They have Arack or Usquebagh, 
distilled from Dates or Rice. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 
1772, 165 A great quantity of w! is distilled. 1830 M. 
‘an Dom. Econ. 1. 43 Sir James Ware supposes that 
ardent spirit was distilled in Ireland ee England. 
-2 


DISTIL. 
b. fig. 


1599 Suaks. //en. V, 1v. i. 5 Ther is some soule of good- 
nesse in things euill, Would men obseruingly distill it out. 
¢ 1600 SuHaxs. Sonn. cxix. 2 What potions have I drunk 
of Siren tears, Distill’d from limbecks foul as hell within. 
1606 — 7'r. § Cr. 1. iii. 350 A man distill’d Out of our Ver- 
tues. 1 Chron. in Spirit Pub. Frnils. (1799) 1. 177 

ai ea were seized, that treason might be dis- 
tilled out of them. 1830 Tennyson Sonn. to F. M. K. 6 
Old saws, Distill'd from some worm-canker’d homily. 1862 
Merivace Rom. Emp. (1865) LI. xxii. 34 The essence 
which the wisest of the Romans had distilled from the 
records of Greek philosophy. 

6. zntr. To become vaporized and then condensed 
into liquid; to undergo distillation ; to drop, pass, 
or condense from the still. Zo distil over: to pass 
over in the form of vapour which again condenses 
into a liquid. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 195 Make a fier aboute pe pott 
as akoes pe erpe & pere wole distille oile into tt 

tis binepe. 1471 Rirtey Conf. Adch. i. vi. in Ashm. 
(1652) 140 Than Oyle and Water wyth Water shall dystyil. 
1641 Frencu Disti/. i. (1651) 35 The oyle which first distils 
+. must be kept a part. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos, 
265 The acid .. distills unaltered at 248° Fahrenheit. 1853 
W. Grecory /norg. Chem. (ed. 3) 104 At this strength the 
acid distils over unchanged. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 73 
The liquid .. distils over in a state of purity. 

ig. %625 Bacon Ess., Religion (Arb.) 425 The outward 
eace of the Church, Distilleth into Peace of Conscience. 
+7. trans. To melt, dissolve (/¢. and jfig.). 
Obs. 

¢1470 Harpinc Chron. Editor's Pref., My lord, distilde 
by kynde nature Thrugh besy age .. ‘Io such waykenesse 
he myght no more endure, Bot feel so in his grave. 1605 
Sytvester Dialog upon Troubles x, Melt thee, distill thee, 
turne to wax or snow. azz1g Appison (J.), Swords by 
the lightning’s subtle force distill’d And the cold sheath 
with running metal fill'd. 

(Cf. Suaks. Has. 1. ii, 204 Qg. destilled, Hod. bestil'd.] 

+ Disti'l, distill, sd. Ovs. [f. prec] A 
vessel used in distillation; a still. 

1822 Bewicx Mem. 74 Jars, retorts and distills. 

+ Disti‘l-house. 0s. [f. stem of Distit z.] 
A house constructed for the business of distilling, 
a distilling-house. . 

1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1686/4 In Old-street is a very con- 

venient Distill-House to be Lett. 1723 /did. No. 6202/4 
A Distill-House, and Backs for working Mollosses. 
J. B. Moreton West India Isl. 55 The generality .. think 
attention to the distill-house a menia! part of plantership. 
1807 tr. Goede's Trav. 111. 77 Distil-houses for Nanay and 
other spirits. 

Distillable (distilab’l), ¢. (sd.)  [f. Dist z. 
+ -ABLE; cf. F. d¢stil/able (16th c. in Littré).] 

A. adj. Capable of being distilled (4. and fig.). 

1611 Corar., Distilladle, distillable ; fit or apt to be distilled. 
a 1691 Boyte Iiks. 11. 225 (R.) Much of the obtained liquor 
coming from the distillable concretes. 1837 Penny Cycl. 
IX. 24/2 Distillable alcohol. 1851 Cartyte Sterling 1. iii. 
(1872) 91 Two .. octavos; stray copies of which .. may one 
day become distillable into a drop of History. 

+ B. sb. Something that may be distilled. Ods. 

1669 W. Simpson /ydrol. Chym. 163 Which .. gives, 
amongst other distillables, that fetid empyreumatick oyl. 

Distillage (distilédz). vare. [f. as prec. + 
-AGE 3.) ‘The process or product of distilling. 

1877 Lanier Poems, Stirrup-cup 5 David to thy distillage 


went. 

+ Distillant, c. Obs. rare. [a. F. distillant, 
pr. pple. of distiller, or ad. L. destillant-em, pr. 
pple. of disté//are to DistiL.] Distilling. 

1549 Compl. Scot. vii. 70 Vitht mony salt teyris distillant 
doune fra hyr piteous ene. 1606 J. Hynv Eliosto Libidinoso 
56 Watering the garden .. of her face with deaw from his 
distillant eyes. 

Distillate (distilet), sd. [ad. L. distil/at-us, 
pa. pple. of dzstzl/are.] That which is distilled 
(see DisTIL v. 5); a product of distillation. 

I in WessTER. 1 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene 
(ed. 3) 44 If the water be distilled, and if the distillate be 
tested for ammonia. 1869 Advocate 15 Dec., The more 
rapidly the distillate is sent over the better it will be. 1887 
Daily News 25 Jan. 2/7 For the purposes of producing 
coal-tar distillates. 1888 B. W. Ricarpson Son ofa Star 
eau viii. 135 Their drink is the pure distillate of the 


ies. 

Distillation (distilz-fon). Also 6-8 destil- 
lation. [ad. L. dé-, distillation-em, n. of action 
f. dé-, distillare to Distiu; cf. F. distillation (15th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action of distilling or 
fact of being distilled. 

1. The action of falling or flowing down drop by 
drop; gentle dropping or falling. (/i¢, and fé) 

7. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 112 My blode alle 
spilt by distillacion. 1623 Cockeram, Distillation, a drop- 
ping. 1694 F. Bracce Disc. Paradies 1. 4 This seed thus 
sown, is water'd with the dews of heaven, with the distil- 
lations of the Divine grace and blessing. HALMERS 
Const. Man (1835) 1. iv. 18x Cause distillation within the 
soul of the waters of bitterness. 

+2. Path. A defluxion of rheum; a catarrh. Ods. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 78a, Destyllation is a 
droppynge downe of a lyquyde mater out of the head, and 
fallynge eyther in to the mouth, or in to the nosethrilles, 
or in to the eyes. ag wormed Haven Health cexii. (1636) 
217 Distillations from fhe head, ly called rh 
1607 Torsett Four-/. Beasts (1658) 270 The Horse. .is sub- 
ject unto the distillation in his throat or thereabout. 
1748 tr. Vegetius’ ane a 183 If the neck suffers 
by a Destillation or ion of Humours. a@1755 G. 


524 


West Triumphs Gout (Seager), Through th’ obstructed 
gone the struggling vapour and bitter distillation force 

eir way. : F 

3. The action of converting any substance or con- 
stituent of a substance into vapour by means of 
heat, and of again condensing this by refrigeration 
into the liquid form, by means of an alembic, 
retort and receiver, ora still and refrigeratory; the 
extraction of the spirit, essence, or essential oil of 
any substance by the evaporation and condensation 
of its liquid solution ; and, in a more generalized 
sense, the operation of separating by means of fire, 
and in closed vessels, the volatile parts of any sub- 
stance from the fixed parts, in order to the collec- 
tion of the products. 

As shown by the etymology, the original application is to 
substances of which the distillates are condensed drop by drop 
into the liquid form; whether for the purpose of extracting 
the more volatile part of a substance, or of concentrating 
or purifying a volatile substance such as water by freeing 
it from matter held in suspension or solution. en no 
more heat is applied than just suffices to cause the liquid 
to pass over in drops, the process is called cold distillation, 
Dry or destructive distillation, the decomposition of a 
substance by strong heat in a retort, and the collection of 
the volatile matters evolved, as in the destructive distillation 
of coal in gas-making. /vactionad distillation, the separa- 
tion of two or more volatile liquids having different boiling- 
points, so that they pass over at different temperatures and 
can be collected separately, the more volatile first, and the 
less volatile in order afterwards. Dzéstillation by descent 
(fer descensum), in Old Chem., the name given toa method 
in which the fire was applied above, and the distillate drawn 
off beneath (see Descent 1 d). In opposition to this, the 
ordinary method was called distillation by ascent (per 
ascensum). 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 86 First of the distillation Forth 
with the congelation, Solucion, discention. ANDREW 
Brunswyke's Distyll, Waters Prol., 1 have chosen .. the 
booke of distyllacyon of waters. 1559 Morwync /vonym. 
1 Destillation, not distillation (as lerned doe write) is the 
drawing forthe of a thinner and purer humor out of a juise. 
1626 Bacon Sy/za § 99 ‘The power of Heat is best perceived 
in Distillations, which are performed in close Vessels and 
Receptacles. 1673 Kay Journ. Low C. 66 The Chymical 
examination of these Waters by. .Destillation. 1774 GoLpsm. 
Nat. Hist. (1776) 1. 169 How far. .it [water] may be brought 
to a state of purity by distillation, is unknown. 1802 PLay- 
Fair /ilustr. Hutton. Th. 34 The products obtained by the 
distillation of the common icarasiota coal, 1806 Gazetteer 
Scotd. (ed. 2) 73 A considerable trade in the distillation of 
whisky. 1846 Mcevteoce Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 387 
This is one of the counties in which illicit distillation was 
most prevalent. 1869 Roscoz Elem. Chemt. 47 All fresh 
water on the earth’s surface has been derived from the 
ocean by a vast process of distillation. 
Arts (ed. 7) 11. 48 Distillation consists in the conversion 
of any substance into vapour, in a vessel so arranged that 
the vapours are condensed again and collected in a vessel 
apart. 

1683 Rosinson in Aay’s Corr. (1848) 137 Pitch is got from 
the Pinus by a kind of distillation per descensum. 1727-St 
Cuampers Cyci. s.v., Distillation is twofold: 1°, Per 
ascensum, by ascent .. 2°, Per descensum, by descent; 
when the matter which is to be distilled is below the fire. 
1831 T. P. Jones Convers. Chem. xxviii. 281 When organ- 
ized substances are decomposed at a red heat in close 
vessels, the process is called destructive distillation. 1869 
Roscoz Elem. Chem, 317 It occurs in the dry distillation 
of wood, forming about one per cent. of the aqueous dis- 
tillate. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) 11, 48 In most cases of 
destructive distillation the bodies operated upon are solid, 
and the products liquid or gaseous; it is then called dry 
distillation. 1895 /imes 19 Jan. 4/5 Our coal-gas .. up to 
the present time... obtained by destructive distillation of 
coal, hydrocarbon oils, or other organic substances. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1835 Arnotp Let. in Stanley Life § Corr. (1844) I. vii. 
425 Lhe books of Livy .. relate to a time so uninteresting, 
that it is hard even to extract a value from them by the 
most complete distillation, 1837 Emerson Nat., Amer, 
Schol. Wks. (Bohn) II. 177 In proportion to the complete- 
ness of the distillation, so will the pba and imperishable- 
ness of the product be. sot }. opway Guiana Forest 
iv. 76 Intermittent distillation [of perfume] is almost g 
in the white flowers of the tropics. 


4. concr. The product of distilling: a. That 
which cists or forms by distilling (see sense 1). 
b. A distillate (0ds.). 


1598 Suaks. Mf W. m1. v. 115 And then to be stopt in 
like a strong «distillation with stinking Cloathes. c 1600 
— Sonn. v, Were not summers distillation left A liquid 
prisoner pent in walls of glasse. 1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle 
1. 57 The sunnes Tinie heats heavens fruitful distillation. 

R. R{usset) Geder u. 1. 1. xiii. 119 Under that end 
of the Filter must be set another Vessel to receive the Dis- 
tillation. 1746 Harvey Xep. Flower Garden (1818) 88 
ben ——— restorative are these cooling distillations 

the night, 

ec. fig. The extract, abstract; the refined or 
concentrated essence. ~ 

x Mitton Likon, i. (1847) 280/1 Among .. all those 
RB volumes of their t ical distillations. 1846 
Grore Greece 1. xvi. (1862) I. 334 narrative of Thucy- 
dides is a mere extract and distillation from their incredi- 
bilities. 1868 Mitman S¢. Paul's ix. 228 That liturgy. .the 
distillation, as it were, and concentration, of all the orisons 
“which have been uttered in the name of Christ. 

+ Disti‘llative, 2. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. distil- 
7at- ppl.. stem (see DisTiIL)+-IvE.] = DIsTiLLa- 
tory a. Hence Distilatively adv., by way of 
distillation, drop by d 


1657 eae enous Disp. 677 Liquor that will dis- 


1875 Ure's Dict. - 


DISTILLERY. 


+ Distillator. 02s. Also6-our. [ 
in L. form f. distillare to Disti; cf. F. 
teur (16th c.)] One who distils i distiller, . 

B. ll of Health 
os Sei il ah tie as 
Bi - lees, w! 
their Thetih sts) fs bask ere oe a 1659 B. Har- 
ris Parival’s Iron Age 59 The Empire had no need of a 
distillator, but rather of a good , to act power- 


fully, 

(disti‘latéri), a, and sdb, [f. L. 
type *distillatort-us, -um, {, distillare: see -oRY. 
Perh. after F. distillatoire (Paré, 16th c.).] 

A. adj. Pertaining to, oremployed in, distillation. 
1576 Baker Yewell of Health 164, This poure into the 
distyllatorye bodie. 1594 Prat Fewell-ho. 11. 9 Some dis- 
tillatorie vessell. 7 H. Arraignm. Whole Creature 
xiii. § 1. 171 Water, Wine, Milke, Distil waters. 1727 
Braver Fam. Dict. s.v. Distillation of oil, The 
Vessel naan se plac’d in the Furnace, fit to its or 
distillatory Vessel the Recipient. 1871 Nicnots Fireside 
Sc. 54 After the distillatory process..was completed. 1871 
Hartwic Sudbterr. W. xxx. 373 The ores are treated in 13 
double distillatory furnaces, called alodels. 
lant. Odf. 
Plant 


5 at 


th. Diéstillatory plant, the pitcher- 

1707 Curios. Husb. & Gard. 288 T istil 

grows not far from Celombo. Le Nae 
+ B. sb. An apparatus for distillation; an alem- 
bic, retort, or still. Ods. ae 

c 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 4 Thanne must 3e do e in 
pe furneis of aischin, a distillatorie of glas. 1599 A. M. tr. 
Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 22/1 Put al these together into 
a distillatory, and infuse theron thre pintes of Piony water. 
1602 Prat (fif/e), Delights for Ladies, to adorne their 
Persons, Tables .. and Distillatories with Beauties .. Per- 
fumes and Waters. 1660 N. Inceto BSentivolio & Urania 
u1. (1682) 4 They had a Room well appointed with Furnaces 
and Distillatories. 1730-6 Bamey (folio) s.v. Déstillers 
Company, Their armorial —— are. .a distillatory double 
armed with two worms and bolt head receivers [etc.]. 

+b. Name of a collection of recipes for dis- 
tilling. Ods. 

1677 T. Suertey (¢it/e) Curious Digtionees Tit. Elsholt’s 
ars ~~ oe) or = ae of — g Coloured 

irits, uors, Oyls, etc. from Vegetables. 

Distilled (distild), gy. (Dist. v. + 
-ED!.] That has undergone distillation; obtained, 
purified, or concentrated by distillation. 

Distilled water, water that has been vaporized and then 
again condensed in drops, so as to be freed from matters 
held in eo or solution, ma be kes 

he rag . Quintessence 10 e le vynegre 
distillid. x1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. ii. 10 
Water of roses, or other water —— 1577 B. Gooce 
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 191 Restored to health, by the 
destilled water of this ‘Thistell. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 7 So 
we see distilled Waters will last longer than raw Waters, 
1732 Arsutunot Audes of Diet 262 Distill’d Oils turn acrid. 
1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. Fd Brisson dissolved 2 oz. of the 

urest common salt in 16 oz. of distilled water. 1854 J. 
SCOFFERN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. >= acetate 
of copper is known popularly by the absurd term distilled 
verdigris. 
rhe Geo. Exior Dan. Der. III. xlviii. 353 A more 
t 


ail 
orou ty distilled sneer. 
Distiller (disti‘laz). [f. as prec. +-ER1,] 
1. One who or that which distils: see the verb. 
1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. 15 A distiller of waters. 1605 
Time Quersit. 1. 186 Thy vessell .. must be such as the 
chymicall distillars do use. 1659 D. Pet /mpr. Sea 266 
‘This tree .. is a very great distiller of water, which drops 
out of the leaves of it. 182 Scorr Aeni/w. xi, He was 
a learned distiller of simples, and a profound chemist. 
b. spec. One who extracts alcoholic spirit by 
distillation. at ) ti 
The Distillers’ Company (of London) bares 
tepy, ite, The Distiller of, London, compiled and set 
forth for the sole use of the company of Distillers of London, 
Jbid. Pref. 10 Our duty requires us all (that are Distillers by 
profession and Trade) to acknowledge [etc.].__1720 Stryre 
Stow's Surv. 11, v. xv, 237/1 Even the Distillers of 


Vita, and Vi ers, did it up. " 
Donovan Done. d:com. 1, 105 ‘The chief use of yest is for 
distillers, and vinegar makers. 1846 J. Joyce 

syphon. 


raising bread, and in malt inf 


for brewers, 


_ Sei, Dial. xviii. 182 A distillers crane or 


Cc. . 

a oy Ess, (1651) 67 That late Italian Distiller 
and Sublimer of old definitions. Pore Guardian 
pias orie'ar weiner eee wal 
distilled essence of the po d Who was the _ 
distiller? 

2. An apparatus for the distillation of salt water 
at sea; more fully called Distilling apparatus or 
Distilling condenser. ‘ 1 i ad ie 

R Marine Steam Engine 
game aloe at thai teed Nea eee oe hitters 
have been fitted. 1895 Zimes 1 Feb. 12/6 There are also 
in the engi two main-feed pumps, two evaporators 
and dist four bilge and fire engi 
Hence Disti‘lleress, a female distiller, 

1841 Fraser's Mag. XXV. 509 An eminent private dis- 
tilleress of that sedi liquor 
(disti‘lori).  [f. : see -ERY.] 

+1. The action or art of distilling; = DISTILLA- 
TION 3. Obs. a (3 a is 

1677 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 11. 123 He 
Baier e preys 


DISTILLING. 


2. A place for distilling; the establishment or 
works in which the distilling of spirits is carried on. 

1789 B. Martin Sure Guide Distillers p.ii, A community 
whch not only imports great quantities of .. spirits from 
abroad, but employs such an extensive distillery at home 
entirely on that subject. 1765 Ann. Reg. 102 A large 
drain. .through which the water flowed a considerable way 
from a distillery. 1830 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 283 
The distillery was a very small thatched cabin. 18; é 
Arnotr Physics (ed. 5) 11. 195 An illicit distillery has been 
discovered by the exciseman happening .. to look across 
a hole used as.the chimney. 

8. attrib. and Comb; distillery-fed (of cattle, 
etc.), fed on spent grains, wash, etc. obtained from 
a distillery. 


1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) App. 310 The new dis- 


tillery apparatus of M, Adam. 1 EY Gauger in Lond. 
Encycl. (1829) VII, 323 A wash-back or other distillery 


utensil. 1861 Z%mes 10 Oct., Distillery grains and wash are 
, tee [to cows], with straw-chaff and roots. 1881 Chicago 
mes 4 June, Fat distillery-fed bulls. 


Distilling (distiliy), v7. sd. [-1nc1.] The 


- action of the verb Disri ; distillation. 


1§27 AnprEw Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters Aj, Dystyllyng 
is none other thynge, but onely a puryfyeng of the grosse 
from the subtyll, and the subtyll from the grosse, 1628 
Gaute Pract. The. (1629) 34 So doth my heart..sucke in 
the comfortable distillings of his Grace. 1770 Massie Reas. 
eget. Tax on Malt 7 The distilling .. of Malt or of 


om, z 
- b. attrib. and Comb. 

1598 Fiorio, Désti/atoio, a still or distilling house. 1757 
(tz¢de) An Appeal to the Public concerning the Distilling 
Trade; with a rational Scheme to extirpate it from the 
Nation. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 24/1 The period in which 
they [mashing and fermentation] are carried on is by law 
kept quite distinct from the distilling period. 1894 7imes 
26 June 9/5 The representatives of the brewing and distilling 
interests. x ® x 

Distilling, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] That 
distils; see the verb. 

c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 1v. 264 Gud Mawdleyn, mesure 
youre distillinge teres! 592 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 66 Her 
cheeks. .dew’d with such distilling showers. 1592 — Kom. 

Ful. w. i. 94 Take thou this Violl .. And this distil- 
ling liquor drinke thou off. 1634 Sir T. Herbert 7'rav. 
210 Divers Birds .. would speed to sucke the distilling 
nectar. 1807 ‘I. THomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 203 With the 
assistance of a distilling heat, it dissolves in oils. 


Distilment (distilmént). [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 
The process of distillation ; concr. the produce of 
this process, a distilled liquor. Also fig. (cf. 


quintessence). 

1602 Suaks. Hamt.1.v.64 Vpon my secure hower thy Vncle 
stole With iuyce of cursed Hebenon .. And in the Porches 
of mine eares did poure ‘he leaperous Distilment. 1611 S. 
Pace Panegr. Verse in Coryat’s Crudities, Put all your 
wits distillement in your pen. 1873 Browninc Red Cott. 
Nt.-cap 245 For perfume, pour Distiiment rare, the rose of 
Jericho, Holy-thorn. 1894 R. Hunter Lect. Germ. Th. 
Consumption 10 A poisonous distillment of microbes. 

+ Distirme, v. Ods. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.] 
trans. ?To put out of time ; to mistime. 

1650 W. BrouGHu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 428 So sloth dis-times 
the conscience. 


Distinct (distinkt), f/. a. (sd.) Also 5 des- 
tinct, distynte, 5-6 dis-, dystynct, distincte, 6 
-stynke, -stincke. [ad. L. distinct-us, pa. pple. 
of distinguére to separate, divide, DisTINGUISH ; 
ef. F. distinct, -te (13-14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 


A. as pa. pple. 

+1. Distinguished, differentiated. Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 754 (Ellesm.), In oother manere 
been distinct [v.7~. distynte, distinket] the speces of Glotonye 
after seint Gregorie. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. 1. 
Defin., That therby the whole figures may the better bee 
iudged, and distincte in sonder. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. vil. 536 
For no place Is yet distinct by name. 

+ 2. Separated into parts, divided. Ods. 

1434 Misyn Mending of Life, pis boke is of mendyans of 
seating in-to xij chapiters. 1526 Pilg. Perf. (W. de 
San 1 This treatyse. .is distincte and diuyded in to thre 


4] See also B. 4. 

B. adj. 

1. Distinguished as not being the same ; separate, 
several, individual, not identical; = DIFFERENT 2. 
Const. from. 

1382 [implied in Distincriy 1]. 1447 Bokennam Seyntys 
(Roxb.) 149 That yche of these Pewee er pues et 
persone angronyes be. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 42 Twoo 
severall and distynct companyes. . that is to say, both the Bar- 
bours and the Surgeons. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 166 A large 
Feather .. contains neer a million of distinct parts. 1796 
Witnenine Brit, Plants 11, 329 Tamus. Flowers m{ale] and 
f[emale] on distinct plants. 1838 THrrtwatt Greece IV. 
xxxii. 276 [The indictment] charged him with three distinct 
offences. 1885 F. Tempe Relat. Relig. § Sc. ii. 38 Absolute 
as distinct from relative knowledge. 

b. Separate or apart so as to be capable of being 
distinguished, or as being different ; not confounded 
with each other, or with something else. 

@ 1674 CLARENDON //ist. Red. vit. § 35 The intention was, 
that the two armies, which marched .out together, should 
always be distinct. 1733 Pore Zss. Man u1. 229 The worker 
from the work distinct was known, 1816 J. Smitn Paxorama 
Se. & Art Il. 699 If the first mark be erroneous, a second 
may be drawn at the distance of a hair’s breadth from it, 
and still be a distinct line. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. 
II. xlii, 113 Keeping the two systems [of common law and 
equity] distinct. - - 


525 


ce. Nat. Hist., Pathol., etc. = DISCRETE a, Ic. 

Said of markings or parts which are perceptibly separated 
from each other, as dis/inct spots, fs antennz, or 
_ the contiguous parts, as distinct scutellum, thorax, 
tatl, etc. 

1789 A. Crawrorp in Med, Commun, 11. 325 The small- 
pox .. was of the distinct kind. 1810 R. THomas Pract. 
Physic (ed.-3) 167 [Smallpox] is distinguished into the dis- 
tinct and confluent. .in the former the eruptions are perfectly 
— from each other. 

. Distinguished or separated from others by 
nature or qualities; possessing differentiating 
characteristics ; individually peculiar; different in 
quality or kind ;, not alike. Const. from. 

1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Every warden. .shal limitte 
distincte and seueral markes to euery of the said worstede 
weauers. 1594 Hooker Eccé/. Pol. 1. x. § 1 A distinct kind 
of law from that which hath been already declared. 1659 
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 72 These two Lords .. as 
they were of a very contrary Runcae so had they .. 
a very distinct death. a@ 1698 Temr.e Lss., Const. § [nt. 
Empire Wks. 1731 1. 93 Flanders cannot be considered dis- 
tinct from Spain in the Government. 1836 J. Gitpert Chr, 
A tonem. vi. (1852) 167 Holiness. .is quite distinct from vin- 
dictiveness, 1845 M, Pattison £ss. (1889) I. x Such history 
is a distinct species of composition, having its own principles. 

3. Clearly perceptible or discernible by the 
senses or the mind; clear, plain, definite: a. to 
the senses. 

1382-98 [implied in DistinctLy 2]. 
Wks. 64/2 ‘The voyce was neyther loude nor distincke. 1667 
Mitton P, L. 1x. 812 To see from thence distinct Each thing 
on Earth. 1784 Cowrer Jasé 1v. 162 The clear voice, sym- 
phonious yet distinct. 1813 Scorr 77éerm. 11. Introd. ii, 
Distinct the shaggy mountains lie, Distinct the rocks, distinct 
the sky. 1827 Keste Chr. Y. oth Sund. after ‘Trin., God's 
chariot-wheels have left distinctest trace. 1856 Sir B. 
Bropieé Psychol. Ing. 1. ii. 35 The transparency of the 
atmosphere renders distant objects unusually distinct. 

b. to the mind or thought. 

1606 Suaks. 7. § Cr. 1v. v. 245 That I may giue the locall 
wound a name, And make distinct the very breach, where- 
out Hector’s great spirit flew. 1668 Howe Bless. Righteous 
(1825) 72 This somewhat distincter account of it. 1752 
Jounson Rambler No. 208 ? 11 When common words were 
.+ less distinct in their signification. 1860 ‘I'yNpa.t Glac. 
M. xix, 328 ‘he distinct expression of thoughts and con- 
victions which had long been entertained, 1891 Law 7imes 
ae LXIII. 690/2 The defendant .. had given distinct 
orders to Nunney never to lock anyone up. 

e. In mod. use: That is clearly such; unmis- 
‘akable, decided, pronounced, positive. (Cf. Dis- 
TINCTLY 2 b.) 

1828 Macautay Ess., Hallam’s C. H. (1854) 87/2 An act, 
not only of private treachery, but of distinct military 
desertion, 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. 1V. xviii. 229 Who 
. would have.a claim to a distinct preference at the next 
vacancy of the throne. 1873 Brack ?. Vhude vi. gt A most 
distinct dislike to Gaelic songs. 1887 Punch 1y Mar. 137/2 He 
is a distinct loss to the stage. 1892 W. Minto in Bookman 
Nov.57/1 His volume isa distinct enrichment of our literature. 

d. Transferred to the mental impression or 
faculty by which something is perceived. 

_ 1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 5 The distinct knowledge of 
God is paramount the reach of the understanding. .God. .is 
conceivable only.. by himself. 1697 Locke Let. to Stilling/?. 
in Bourne Zz (1876) II. xiv. 426 If your lordship has any 
better and distincter idea of substance than mine is. 18 
N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) I]. 1. 225 The point of distinct 
vision is distinguishable from the retina around by being 
more transparent. 1892 W. B. Scorr Axtobiog. 1.3 The 
distincter memory of middle life. 

+e. Capable of making clear distinctions; dis- 
cerning, discriminating: = DISTINCTIVE a. 2. Oés. 

1614 Be. Hatt Recoll. 7 reat. 128 A distinct and curious 
head shall finde an hard taske, to define in what point the 
goodnes thereof consisteth. 1756-82 J. Warton “ss. Pope 
(1782) I. iii. 120 Men of dry distinct heads, cool imagina- 
tions, and keen application. . 

4. Marked in a manner so as to be distinguished ; 
decorated, adorned. (A Latinism, chiefly foetzc, 
and somewhat participial in use.) 

1596 Spenser /’. Q, vi. ili. 23 The place..was dight With 
divers flowres distinct with rare delight. 1667 Mitton ?’. ZL. 
vi. 846 From the fourfold-visag’d Foure, Distinct with eyes, 
and from the living Wheels, Distinct, alike with multitude 
of eyes. 1715-20 Pore //iad xi11. 768 The handle. . Distinct 
with studs. 1817 SHELLEY Rev. /slame1. lv, A throne.. Dis- 
tinct with circling steps which rested on Their own deep 
fire. 1830 Tennyson Arad. Nits. go Dark-blue the deep 
sphere overhead, Distinct with vivid stars inlaid. 

+5. =DIstincuisHED 4. Obs."rare. 

1756 W. Totpervy 7wo Orphans III. 85 An application 
made .. to St gale of distinction .. and the reception that 
they met with from the said distinct person. 

+C. sé. A separate or individual person or 
thing. Ods. rare. 

x6o1 Suaxs. Phenix §& Turtle 27 Two distincts, division 
none; Number there in love was slain. 

+ Distinct, v. Olds. Also 4 destincti, 5 dis- 
tinke, 5-6 dystynke. [a. OF. di-, destincter, 
-tinter to distinguish (Godef.), f. déstinct Distinct 
a.] = DISTINGUISH (in various senses); in fa. pple. 
sometimes = DistINcr a, ; 

1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 11590 A prest pat ys no 
clergye ynne, How can he weyl dystyncte by synne? 1340 
Ayend. 152 To destincti be-tuene pe guode pinges and pe 
kueade. ¢ 1386 [see Distinct A//. a. A. 1. Distinket]. ¢ 1400 
Rom. Rose 6199 Ther can no wight distincte it so That he 
dare sey a word therto. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 
247 The consideracyon wherfore the foresayd hours be so 
distincted or diuyded in to vij tymes. 154x R. Cortanp 
Galyen’s Terap. 2Aivb, It is an impertynent thynge to 


1513 More Rich. ///, 


DISTINCTION. 


this worke to dystynke these thynges. 1546 GARDINER 
Declar. Foye 40b, By distinctinge gods knowledge from 
his election. 1583 Stuspes Anat, Abus. u. (1882) 68 Be the 
churches, congregations, and assemblies there distincted 
into particulars. /éid. 109. 

Hence Disti‘ncted f//. a., Distincting wd/. sb. 

1570 Dee Math. Pref. in Ruda’s Enclide (1651) Biv b, 
The discretion, discerning, and distincting of things. /éid., 
Our Severalling, distincting, and numbring, createth nothing. 
1575 T. Rocers Sec. Coming Christ 47/1 Nor yet their earne- 
full plaintes abroade distincted voyces send. 

+ Distinctial, a. Obs. rare—'. [irreg. f. L. 
distinct- ppl, stem, perh. after differential, partial, 
nuptial, etc.] Capable of distinguishing. 

1648 Earp WestmorELAnp Ot/a Sacra (1879) 59 What 
rity so distinctiall, As for to single One out of them 
all? 


Disti-nctify, v. rare. 
TINCT +-FY.] ¢vazs. To make distinct. 
tinctifica‘tion. 

a 1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. xx. (1870) 337 The 
growth and distinctification of classes and interests. 1877 
(quoted in) Proctor Myths Astron. 247 So could the same. . 
light, passed through the faintest focal object of a telescope, 
both distinctify (to coin a new word..) and magnify its 
feeblest component members. ; 

Distinction (distinkfon).  [a. F. disténction 
(12th c. in Littré), ad. L. déstinctzon-em, n. of ac- 
tion f. distinguécre to DISTINGUISH. ] 

+1. The action of dividing or fact of being 
divided ; division, partition ; separation. (In quot. 
1520, division of opinion, dissension.) Oés. 

1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) I. x11 (Miatz.) For dis- 
tinccioun of dyuers manere men pat woned pere. 1520 
Caxton'’s Chron. Eng. v. 62/1 There was a great dys- 
tynccyon, for the Clergy entended to have chose Peres the 
archebysshop. 1586 A. Day Lung. Secretary 1. (1625) 144 
There might also be made a distinction of love..one tearmed 
by the name of Friendship, and this other chalenging onely 
..Love. 1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) p. ili, Else dis- 
tinctions of the Chapters are not observed. 1661 Boyre 
Style of Script. (1675) 60 ‘The distinction of chapters and 
verses now in use. 1668 Drypen “ss. Dram. Poesy (V.> 
The distinction of tragedy into acts. 1709-29 V. Manpry 
Syst. Math., Geogr. 541 Part I. Of the Distinction of the 
Earth, 

+b. Division ofa sentence by stops, punctuation ; 
a point or stop. Ods. 

1552 Hutoet, Distinction or poynte in sentence, diastole, 
distinctio. 1579 FuiKe /eskins’ Parl. 195 Vo corrupt it by 
«. wrong distinction or pointing. @ 1637 B. Jonson Eng. 
Gram. 1. ix, The distinctions of an imperfect sentence are 
two, a comma and a semicolon. 

+e. concr. A partition, something that separates. 
Obs. 


1578 Banister //ist. Man 1. 13 Betwene euery tooth are 
euident distinctions, or hedges. 

+2. One of the parts into which a whole is 
divided ; a division, section; a class, category. 

a 1225 Aucr. R. 12 Peos boc ich to dele on eihte distinc- 
tiuns, Bet 3e clepied dolen. cxg0o tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. 
Lordsh.(E.E.'T.S.) 42 Departand pis booke yn distinccons 
or bokes. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 20 His 
distinctions are Hortatorie and Dehortatorie ; Swasorie and 
Disswasorie. 1677 Hate Prin. Orig. Man. uw. x. 234 
Persons..known to be of that Linage and Descent, and still 
continuing..in that Distinction. 1756 Burke Sud/. g B.v. 
ii, Words .. are capable of being classed into more curious 
distinctions. 1848 Kevty tr. Camébrensis Eversus 1. 373 
He prepared to recite his work in Oxford..one of the three 
distinctions of the book being read each day. 

+b. Class (in relation to status) ; rank, grade. 
Ofthe first distinction: of the highest rank; highly 
distinguished (cf. sense 8). Ods. 

1719 Swirt To Vug. Clergym. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 3 Among 
the clergy of all distinctions. 1734 tr. A’odlin’s Anc. Hist. 
(1827) IL. 1. 88 Three hundred young Carthaginians of the 
first distinction. a@1763 SHENstone (Mason), Societies, 
ranks, orders, and distinctions amongst men. 

3. The action of distinguishing or discriminating ; 
the perceiving, noting, or making a difference be- 
tween things; discrimination. With @ and J/., the 
result of this action, a difference thus made or ap- 
preciated. 

a1340 Hampote Psalter Ixv. 12 Sayand ..i hafe nede of 
be, noght pou of me, pis is a right distynccioun. 1382 
Wycur Rom. iii. 22 The riz3twysnesse of God is by the feith 
of Ihesu Crist on alle that bileuen in to hym; forsoth ther 
is no distynccioun. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. &. vu. xvi. 
(1495) 323 The sonne hath vertue of dystynccion, for coloures 
and shappes of thynges by..the lyghte..of the sonne arne 
knowe and dystynguyd asondre. 1527 TinpaLe 7eat. 
Sustif. by Faith Wks I. 46 They rend and tear the scrip- 
tures with their distinctions. 1551 ‘I. Witson Lagike (1567) 
73 b, All suche argumentes must be auoided by distinction, 
that is, ye must declare the double meanyng in the twoo 
Proposicions. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. iii. 17 b, This 
nice and frivolous distinction of Chaunce and Fortune. 1607 
Suakxs. Cor, ut. i. 323 He .. is ill-school’d In boulted Lan- 
guage: Meale and Bran together He throwes without dis- 
tinction. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 78 
Punish’d, without any distinction of Sex, Age, or Quality. 
ref Lp. Orrery Art of War 11 In some places..one may 
find a distinction from the Cohorts to the Centuries, and 
from the Centuries to the Manniples. 1709 Stree 7atler 
No. 62 » 4 To cut off their Ears, or Part of them, for Dis- 
tinction-sake. 1729 Butter Sevm. Wks. 1874 I]. 6 Every 
body makes a distinction between self-love, and the several 


[f. L. distinct-us Dis- 
So Dis- 


particular ions. 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1V. 
xviii. 104, We may. .see that a distinction is drawn between 


the rule of William himself and the rule of his oppressive 
lieutenants. 1891 Speaker 2 May 534/1 The old universities 
are open to all, without distinction of rank or c) 2 


DISTINCTION. 


b. Phr. A distinction without a difference: ice. 
one artificially or fictitiously made in a case where 
no real difference exists. : 

1579 Futxe Heskins’ Parl. 207 The distinction remaineth 
without a difference. 1688 0x Cleri Pro Rege 47 It seems 
his Power is absolute, but not arbitrary, which is ..a dis- 
tinction without a difference. 1771 Junius Lett, No. 59. 
313 Your correspondent .. seems to make a distinction with- 
out a difference. 1891 Speaker 2 May 532/2 The jugglery 
of words was never more successful than in this distinction 
without a difference. 

4. The condition or fact of being distinct or 
different ; difference. With a and f/., an instance 
of this, a difference. 

1435 Misyn Fire of Love 15 O godhede..is of iij. persones 
..euynhede & onhede forsoth haueand after be substance of 
godhede, not wantand distinccion of diuersite after 
propirte of be name. More Confut. Tindale Wks. 
492/2 The Jewes & the christen had other differences & 
dystinccions betwene them. 1678 Norris Co//. Misc. (1699) 
288 It is acertain sign .. of real distinction, when the idea 
of one thing .. positively excludes the idea of the other. 
1731 J. Girt Trinity i. (1752) FA Denying a distinction of 
och in the Godhead. 1847 Emerson Kepr. Men, Plato 
Wks. (Bohn) I, 300 His patrician tastes laid stress on the 
distinctions of birth. 1850 McCosu Div. Govt. 11. i. (1874) 
291 The..process by which the distinction between good 

and evil is discovered. 

5. The faculty of distinguishing or accurately 
observing differences; discernment, discrimina- 
tion. ? Obs. 

1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. un. ii. 28, I doe feare..That I shall 
loose distinction in my ioyes. 1617 FLetcner Valentinian 
1. iii, Yet take heed, worthy Maximus; all ears Hear not 
with that distinction mine do. 1654 Cokatne Dianea 1. 4 
‘The remotenesse of the place he was in afforded him not 
distinction to discerne from whence they came. 1768 STERNE 
Sent. Fourn. (1778) Il. 110 (Case of Consc.), I like a good 
distinction in my heart. 

+6. The condition or quality of being distinctly 
or clearly perceptible; distinctness. Ods. 

1589 Puttennam Eng. Poesie u. iv. [v). (Arb.) 87 There is 
no greater difference betwixt a ciuill and brutish vtteraunce 
then cleare distinction of voices ;..the most laudable lan- 
guages are alwaies most plaine and distinct. 1661 Soutu- 
weit in PA. Trans. XLIV. 220 Firing..I heard 56 
Reiterations of the Noise. The first twenty were with some 
Distinction. 1709 BerkeLey 7%. I ision § 84 Able to view 
them.. with the utmost clearness and distinction. 1712 
Sreeve Sfect. No. 454 P 6 All the several Voices lost their 
Distinction, and rose up in a confused Humming. 

7. Something that distinguishes or discriminates ; 
a distinguishing quality, mark, or characteristic ; 
a distinguishing name or title. 

€1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. pr. v. 32 Pat gemmes drawen to 
hem self... beaute..thorw the distinccon of hem self. 
1729 Butter Serm. xi, Wks. 1874 IL. 134 It may be spoken 
of as..the distinction of the present [age] to profess a con- 
tracted spirit. 1772 Cowrrer Let. to ¥. Hill 4 Feb., The 
person was described as the Clerk of the House of Lords, 
without the addition of his proper distinction, 1828 D'Israe.t 
Chas. J, 1. iii. 3 From a slender volume of polemical divinity 
.. our Sovereigns still derive one of their regal distinctions. 
1848 Rickman Goth. Archit. 33 The capital is the great 
distinction of this order. 

8. The action of distinguishing or treating with 
special consideration or honour; the showing of 
a preferential regard ; with @ and f/., a mark of 
special appreciation or honour. 

1715 De For Kam. Instruct. 1. iv. (1841) I. 87 She loves 
you to a distinction above every child she has. 1727 Swirt 
Gulliver w. x. 327 To give so great a mark of distinction 
to a creature so inferior as I, 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. x 
The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awakened 
that pride which I had laid asleep. 1768 Woman of Honour 
IIL. 193 There is no great hazard of your distinction of 
him being lost upon him. 1780 Haris Philol. Eng. (1840) 
394 For grammatical knowledge, we ought to mention with 
distinction the learned prelate, Dr, Lowth. 1810 Suettey 
Zastrozzi xv. Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 94 Julia rushed forwards, 
and, in accents of distinction, in a voice of alarmed tender- 
ness, besought him to spare himself. 1816 J. Scorr Vis. 
Paris Pref. (ed. 5) z The feeling..which procured him this 
distinction. 1855 Prescorr PAr/ip //, I. ut. iii. 343 Some 
were beheaded with the sword,—a distinction reserved. .for 
persons of condition. 

9. The condition or fact of being distinguished 
or of distinguishing oneself; excellence or eminence 
that distinguishes from others; honourable pre- 
eminence ; elevation of character, rank, or quality ; 
a distinguishing excellence. 

1699 M. Lister Yourn. Paris 8 All the Houses of 
Persons of Distinction are built with Port-cocheres. 1748 
Relat. Eartha. Lima 55 Fifty select Persons, all Men of 
Distinction. 1756 [see Distinct a. 5). 1828 Scorr /, MM. 
Perth xxiii, Various persons of distinction had come there 
in his train. 1867 SMiLes Huguenots Eng, xii.(1880) 202 He 

ad..served with distinction in the French army, 1887 T. 
Fow er Princ. Mor, u. i. 12 The love of distinction or pre- 
eminence.,seems, in the great majority of men, to operate 
far more constantly and with far greater force than the love 
of knowledge. 1890 Sfectator 14 June 829/1 Not only is 
distinctness from others not in itself distinction, but dis- 
tinctness from others may often be the very opposite of 
distinction, indeed, a kind, and a very unpleasant kind, of 
vulgarity. 1891 Speaker 2 May 533/1 The book .. has .. 
more quality and distinction than four-fifths of the novels 
which come under our notice. 

10. Comb., as distinction-maker (see sense 3). 

17ot J. Law Counce. Trade (1751) 278 Speaking the same 
language, and if the distinction-makers would let them, hav- 

the same inclinations for the public and common 


526 


a. rare. [f. prec. + -AL.] 
Relating to, or of the nature of, distinction. 

1607 R.C, tr. Estienne’s World Wond. xxxix. 327 The 
Decretals haue had their ..the Questionall, Dis- 
tinctionall, Quodlibeticall es..theirs. 

Disti-ncti rare. [f. L. déstinct-us Dis- 
TINcT a. + -ITY.] The quality of being dis- 
tinct. ; 

18z2 Corerince in Lit. Rem, (1836) 111. 2 The pleroma 
of being whose essential poles are unity and distinctity. 
3829 /did. 123 Donne had not attained to the reconciling of 
distinctity with unity. 

Distinctive (distinktiv), 2. (sd.) [f. L. dés- 
tinct- ppl. stem of distinguére (see Distixct, D1s- 
TINGUISH) + -IVE; cf. F. déstinctif, -ive (1740 in 
Acad.).] A. adj. 

1. Having the quality of distinguishing ; serving 
or used to distinguish or discriminate ; character- 
istic, distinguishing. 

1583 Stusnes Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 73 Our Apparell was 
giuen vs as a signe distinctiue, to discern betwixt sex and 
sex. 1627-77 Fectuam Kesolves 1. lvii. 278 "Tis one of the 
distinctive properties of Man from Beast, that he can reflect 
upon himself. 1828 D Israeii Chas. /, 1. vi. 156 Papist and 
Protestant now became distinctive names. Ruskin 
Mod. Paint, 111. 1v. xvii. § 9 Wordsworth’s distinctive work 
was a war with pomp and pretence, and a display of the 
majesty of simple feelings and humble hearts. = GLap- 
stone Prim. Homer g The. .distinctive office of the bard was 
to give delight. 1894 C. N. Rostnson Brit, Fleet 319 
A military organization, wearing a distinctive dress. 

2. Having the power of distinguishing or discri- 
minating ; discriminative ; discerning. rare. 

1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. 1. iii. 75 More judicious 
and distinctive heads. 1646 Crasnaw /’oems 128 If with 
distinctive eye and mind you look. 1879 R. K. Doucias 
Confucianism iii. 72 He .. shows himself .. accomplished, 
distinctive, concentrative, and searching. ee 

3. Having a distinct character or position. 
rare. 

1867 Smices Huguenots Eng. xviii. (1880) 343 The refugees 
..at length ceased to exist as a distinctive people. 1877 
J. C. Cox Ch. of Derbysh. 11. 417 Bonsall .. was not a dis- 
tinctive manor at the time of the Domesday Survey. 

4. /febr. Gram. Applied to accents used, instead 
of stops, to separate clauses. 

1874 Davivson Hebr. Gram. (1892) 27 These are the main 
distinctive accents, and by stopping at them .. the reader 
will do justice to the sense. | , 

B. sé. 1. A distinguishing mark or quality; a 
characteristic. 

1816 Kreatince 7raz. (1817) I. 189 The red umbrella, the 
distinctive of royalty here. 1836 Cot. Wiseman Sc. & Relig. 


I. iii. 173 An intermediate class, possessing, to a certain 
degree, the distinctives of the extremes. 
. Lebr. Gram. A distinctive accent : see A. 4. 

1874 Davivson Hebr. Gram. (1892) 27 A distinctive of 
less power than Zakeph is Tiphha, 1887 A thenaum 17 Dec. 
820/1 As eoasaeexbee attention is paid to the [Hebrew] 
accents, the author should know that /7p/ca is not a minor 
distinctive, but one of the four kings or great distinctives. 

Distinctively (distiyktivli), adv. [f prec. 
+-LY 2.) Ina distinctive manner. 

1. With distinguishing operation or effect; in a 
way that makes a distinction; so as to distinguish ; 
separately, severally. 

1610 Mirr. Mag. 855 (R.) Her [Queen Elizabeth's] sweet 
tongue could speake distinctively Greek, Latin, Tuscane, 
Spanish, French, and Dutch. a@1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 
1686 II. xxxiv. 492 To what end also doth he distinctively 
assign a peculiar dispensation of operations to the Father, 
of ministeries to the Son, of gifts to the Holy Ghost? 1 
Monthly Mag. Jan. 52 He determined to blend, in a single 
tableau, all the different colourings of truth which he had 
long before pourtrayed distioctivel . 1825 CoLeripcE Aids 
Ref. (1848) 1. 168 Contemplated distinctively in reference 
to formal (or abstract) truth, it is the Speculative Reason. 
1833 Cuatmers Const. Man (1835) I. ii. 129 Ere we see 
clearly and copay peg © 1841 Myers Cath. Th. m1. § 38. 
136 Not only..Facts..but also..what may be distinctively 
termed Truths, or technically Doctrines. 1863 E. V, Near 
Anal. Th. & Nat. 61 The individual rose has become to us 
one among many roses, of which may be thought of 
as distinctively colored. 

2. In a distinguishing manner; characteristically 
as distinct from others ; peculiarly. 

1871 Freeman //ist. Ess. (1872) 37 If we can suppose 
a distinctively Saxon settlement in the north. 74 
Mocerince Ants § Spiders Suppl. 168 The seeds of the 
distinctively spring and summer-flowering plants, 1881 
Sat. Rev. 23 July ro1/1 There is nothing distinctively 

hristian .. in Gothic architecture. 1885 Copp Alyths 4 
Dr. 1. viii. 134 Legends and traditions .. invested with a 
ars. and majesty distinctively Hebrew. 


? Distinctly. Ods. " 
Suaks. Oth. 1. iii . Fos.) Whereof 
ae she had sassihdas heed” Bae me distinctively 


Qq. intentiuely, Fo. 1 instinctiuely). 

Disti‘nctiveness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 

1, The = of being distinctive ; distinctive 
force, tendency, operation, effect, or character. 

@ 1679 T. Gooowin Ws. LI. 11. 13 (R.) The distinctive- 
ness is imported .. in the article put to Tov marpos of 
the Father, rov viov of the Son, rov & mvevparos, of the 
Holy Ghost, 1821 Locknarr Valerius ILL. vi. 145 As if 
what I saw were still present in all distinctiveness 
reality. 1876 J. Parker Paraci. 1. vi. 94 Preaching should 
never lose its distinctiveness; it should stand apart. 
Times 6 Mar. 6/3 They have electric lights transcending in 
power — distinctiveness everything on this side of the 


_ DISTINGUE. 
+ 2. Power of distinguishing or discriminating ; 


iscernment. R = 
Dicey Elvira i. in Hazl. Dodsley XV. 22 Thou art 
— and want'st distinctiveness "T'wixt love and love : 


shat: eo a eens, So dee eee eee 
Distincti-vity. rare. [f. as prec. + -1Ty.] 


= DISTINCTIVENESS. 

1836 Fraser's Mag. Speed pd In similar’ connexion and 
distinctivity exist church and state, God and nature, 

(disti*nktli), adv. [f. Distiner a. 

+-LY 4, 

+1. In a distinct or separate manner ; separately, 
individually, severally. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir £cclus. i. 2 The grauel of the se, and the 


dropis of reyn, and the da3es of the world, who distinctli 
hath noumbrede? 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's 23 Sun- 
dry thyngys by ther propyr namys dist yy he callide. 

x Perrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. u. (1 580) 54, will speake 


distinctlie of those two pointes. 16z0 Suaks. Temp. 1. ii. 
200 On the Top-mast, The Yards and Bore-spritt, would 
1 flame distinctly, Then meete, and ioyne. 1737 WHiston 
Josephus, Antig. xvi. iv. § 4 Their father .. took each of 
them distinctly in his arms. : . 

tb. Distinctly from: so as to be distinguished 
from; in contradistinction to. Odés. 

a 1682 Six T. Browne 7racts (1684) 16 Distinctly from 
rd he chose plain Fare of Water and the gross Di 
ulse. 

2. In a distinct or clear manner; without con- 
fusion or obscurity ; so as to be clearly perceived 
or understood; with clear perception or under- 
standing ; clearly, plainly. 

1382 Wycuir Neh. viii. 8 And thei radden in the boc of 
the lawe distinctli and apertli to vnderstonde. 1398 Trevisa 
Barth. De P. R. wm. xvii. (1495) 62 Though a thinge be 
ryght tofore the eye, yf it be to ferre therfrom, it is not 
dystynctly knowe. 1535 Coverpate /sa, xxxii. 4 The 
vnparfite tunge shal speake planely and distinctly. 1604 
Suaxs. Oth. u iii, 290, I remember a masse of things, but 
nothing distinctly. 1709 Steere & Apvpison Vatler 
No. 103 P 13 He could see nothing distinctly. 1858 O. W. 
Hoimes Aut, Breakf.-t. xi. 110, 1 tried to twice 
without making myself distinctly audible. Frovupe 
Short Stud. 1V. 1. x. 112 They did not know, perhaps, 
distinctly what they meant to do. x a es 

b. In mod. use (chiefly with adjs. or adjectival 
phrases): In a way clear to the mind or percep- 
tion; clearly, unmistakably, decidedly, indubitably. 
(Cf. Distiner a. 3c.) 

x Kinostey Lett. (1878) I. 2t An object which was 
duecty not political. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
II. vii. 133 One would have thought that horses were 


distinctly in the way. 1 Buack Pr. Thude xiv. 217 The 
young American lady distinctly the best of ite 
Green Short Hist. iii. § 1. 114 English court 


become the centre of a distinctly secular literature. 
Critic (U. S.) 11 Mar. 147/1 Now the favorite slang | 
of li is ‘distinctly’, Heroines are now ‘ di y 
regal’ in their -bearing, and there is about the heroes 
a manner that is ‘distinctly fine’. 


(disti‘nktnés). [f. as prec. + 


a 


-NESS, 
1. The condition or quality of being distinct or 
different ; separateness ; individuality. 2 
1668 H. More Div. Dial. um. x. (1713) 200 ‘The opinion 
of the Immortality of the Soul and personal distinctness of 
the deceased in the other life. 1678 Cupwortn /utedd. 
Syst. 37 (R.) To assert the soul’s immortality, together with 
its incorporeity or distinctness from ony: 1863 Kinc- 
LAKE Crimea (1876) 1. viii. 116 The Turki rmment 
= -. sensible of ‘toe [ —— of ue ‘nations’ held 
under its sway. see Distinction 
3. The condition or quality of being distinct or 
clear; clearness, plainness. a. As a quality of 
the object: Capability of being clearly perceived 
or understood. 
1668 Witkins Real Char. 413 The here pro- 
—_ .the Facility, Comliness and i of it. 1794 
ome in Pail. Trans. LXXXYV. 9 Judging of distinctness 
by the legibility of the letters. Sys L. Sternen Playgr. 
Eur, xi. (1894) 271 In the evening light each ridge and 
. stands out with startling distinctness. 1 OWETT 
Plato (ed. 2) V. 105 To use the lyre on account of the dis- 
tinctness of the notes. q 
b. As a quality of perception or thought: cf. 
Distinct a. 3d. ed - 
Z. Coxe Logick (165: r understanding cannot 
A * > determine A pe Mand the natures of 
with distinctnesse. Home in PAid. Trans. LXXXV. 
at The distinctness with which an object is seen 
the is first fixed upon it. Wuewewt Hist, 


eye 
Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 51 A di of hesitation .. which .. 
shows the a Asta?) of all sclenttic distinctness of thought. 
+Distinctor. Os. rare. [a. L. distinctor, 
ent-n. from distinguére to DistinauisH.] One 
who draws a distinction; a a 
1577 Stanynurst Descr. /ret. i. in Holinsh, (1587) 1. 2 
They would be named Ireland but in no wise I 
men, But certes..such curi ‘i 


distinctors may 
bled to the foolish butcher, that 


i be. 
offred toh ph sold his 
mutton for fifteene grots, and yet would not take a 
whe, 
“} Distincture. Oés. rare. [f. Distinct a. + 
erst ha Distinction, DISTINCTNESS, 


orcesTeERr cites Zdin. Rev. 

Distingue, v. Obs. Also 4 distyng(e, 4-6 
distingwe, 6 Sc. distuing. E. dist. ) 
distingue-n, a. F. distingue-r (13th c. in Littré), 
ad. L. distinguére to Distineuisy, f. d#-, Dis- 1 


DISTINGUE. 


‘+ stinguére orig. ‘to prick or stick’, but found 
only in sense ‘ to extinguish’.] = DisTINGvIsH (in 
various senses). 

a1340 Hampote Psalter Prol., pis boke is distyngid in 
thris fyfty psalmes. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 11. pr. v. 47 
Art Mm getingwed and embelised by be spryngyng floures? 
er yet Sern. Sel. Wks. II. 202 Here we moten 
distingue blame fro liz3t synne. c1460 Fortescur Ads, & 
Lim. Mon. i, (1885) 110 In tho dayis regimen politicum 
et regale, was distyngued a regimine tantum regale. 1596 
Darrymece Leslie's Hist. Scot. w. 387 Quairto thrie or 
four distuing or define J in this speiking. 

isti 6 (dest@nge), a. [1°. déstingué Dis- 
TINGUISHED, pa. pple. of distinguer to DISTIN- 
GUISH.] Distinguished (ess. in reference to ap- 
pearance or manner) ; having an air of distinction, 

1813 Byron in Moore Zife (1832) II. 290 (Stanf.) Every 
thing distingué is welcome there. 1833 C. Hearn Bé. 
Beauty (1837) 159 A tall, elegant, young man, of the most 
distingué appearance, 1841 ‘THAcKERAY AZisc. Ess. (1885) 

8x That snowy napkin coquettishly arranged round the 

idneys gave them a distingué air, 1873 Lowe. Lett. 
(1894) II. 89 He is a distingué person in a high sense, with 
a real genius for looking like a gentleman. : 

i ish (distingwif), v. [f. F. distin- 
guer or L. distinguére (see DistincvE), with the 
ending -18H, etymologically appropriate to repre- 
sentatives of F, verbs in -27, -zss-an¢, Cf. EXTIN- 
GUISH. ] 

I. Transitive senses. 

+1. To divide into parts or portions separate 
in space or time. Oés. 

1609 Biste (Douay) /-xod. xxxvi. 35 A veile of hiacinth.. 
with embrodered worke, varied and distinguished. 1610 
Histrio-m, 1. 200 The face of heaven .. is distinguisht into 
Regions .. fil’d with sundry sorts of starres. 1618 Botton 
Florus 1. ii, 8 Hee .. distinguisht the yeere into twelve 
Months. 1650 Futter Pisgah u. vi. 149 In the third day 
..this lower globe was distinguished into earth and water. 
1695 Woopwarp Wat. Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 6 The Stone.. 
was distinguished into Strata or Layers. 1709-29 V. Man- 
pey Syst. Math., ge fs 540 Geography is a Doctrine 
othe a the Reason of Distinguishing, and Measuring the 

arth, 

+b. To divide or separate (from something else, 
or from each other). Ods. 

1648 Gace West [nd. xiii. 69 We cannot certainly avow 
this America to be continent, nor certainly affirme it to be 
an Island, distinguished from the old world, 1658 A. Fox 
Wurtz’ Surg, u. xi. 89 The Midriffe, which distinguisheth 
the Lungs from the Breast. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. wv. 
194 No Fences parted Fields, nor Marks nor Bounds Dis- 
tinguish’d Acres of litigious Grounds. 

+c. To divide by points; to punctuate. Ods. 

1657 J. SmitH Myst. Rhet. 268 The Points or Notes used 
by the Learned in distinguishing writing. .are not the least 
part of Orthography. 1699 Benttey /ad. 266 Thus the 
words are to pointed, which have hitherto been falsly 
distinguish'd. | a : 

2. To divide into classes or species; to class, 
classify, 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 186 Your schoolemen 
do distinguishe into workes done, and works to be done. 
1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 698, I might distinguish 
this service into habituall and actuall. 1762 GoLpsm. 
Cit. W. xxv. ® 3 The inhabitants were. .distinguished into 
artisans and soldiers, 1774 — Nat. Hist, (1862) I. 1W. iii. 
423 Mr. Buffon distinguishes this species into two kinds. 
mae R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 690 The branches which the 

ial artery gives to the forearm are distinguished into 
anterior, posterior, external, and internal. 

3. To mark as different or distinct; to separate 
(things, or one thing /rom another) by distinctive 
marks; to indicate the difference of or between; to 
make or constitute a difference in, to differentiate. 
: 1576 Freminc Panopi, Epist. 236 Every several Epistle 
is “ps yoy with this mark (*). x61 Biste 7ransi. 
Pref. By the first [Ciuilitie] we are distinguished from 
bruit-beasts led by sensualitie. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7'vav. 
(ed. 2) 228 To tincture their nailes and faces with vermillion, 
serving .. to a in them from the vulgar sort. 1781 
Grsson Dec?. & F. III. 64 The deaths of his two rivals were 
distinguished only by the difference of their characters. 
1876 J. Parker Paraci. 1. xvi. 250 ‘he ‘manifestation of 
the Spirit’. .distinguishes human life from all other creature- 
dom below it. 

b. To mark, as a distinctive mark or character 
does ; to be a characteristic of ; to characterize. 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa 1. 3 Mount Atlas .. begin- 
neth westward at that place, where it distinguisheth the 
Ocean by the name of Atlanticus, 1662 J. Davies tr. 
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 206 Square stones ., set up-an-end, 


to distinguish the Graves of private Persons. 1780 Harris 
Philol. «Wks. (1841) 456 Different portions of this age [the 
dark age] have been distinguished by different descriptions ; 
such as Seculum Monotheleticum, Seculum Ei lasti- 


cum, &c. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 321 He.. was dis- 
tinguished by many both of the good and of the bad quali- 
ties which belong to aristocrats, 

4. To récognize as distinct or different; to sepa- 
rate mentally (things, or one thing from another) ; 
to perceive or note the difference between (things) ; 
to draw a distinction between. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 11. 192 Can true repentance 
stande without faythe? No, But though they can not be 
seuered, yet they must be distinguished. 590 Suaks. 
Com. Err. 1. i. 53 Two goodly sonnes .. the one so like the 
other, As-could not be distinguish’d but by names. 1684 
R. H. School Recreat. 88 Endeavour to distinguish the 
Notes of a Peal of Bells, one from another while Ringing, 


13 Berketey Hylas & P. ut. Wks. 1871 I. 322, I can 
distinguish gold, for example, from iron. 1809 Wr. Saving 


527 


Knickerb. m. ix. (1849) 191 It is scarcely possible to distin- 
guish the truth from the fiction. 1887 Max Mutter Sc. 7h. 
29 That very common error that things which can be dis- 
tinguished can therefore claim an independent existence. 

+b. To make a distinction in or with respect 
to; esf., in scholastic use, to draw distinctions be- 
tween various meanings of (a word or statement) ; 
hence, to do away, or out of, bring zn¢o (something) 
by making subtle distinctions. Ods. 

158 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 168b, I deny the 
Major of this Argument. Inthe Minor I distinguish this 
word Necessitie. /47d. 186 So doe the schoolemen expound, 
and distinguishe it. 1643 Mitton Divorce u. xi. Wks. 1738 
I. 196 That Proverbial Sentence. . which also the Peripatetics 
do rather distinguish than deny. 16 2 Locke 7oleration 
iv. Wks. 1727 III. 465 You have distinguish’d yourself into 
a false Retreat. 1703 De For Let. to How in Misc. 328 
‘That..they be not distinguish’d out of their Reason and 
Religion by the Cunning and Artifice of Words. 1748 
Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) I. viii. 54 ‘Thus by subtilty and 
cunning aiming to distinguish away my duty. 

e. To separate as a distinct item. 

1866 Rocers Agric. & Prices 1. xxi. 530 Items which used 
to be distinguished are lumped in one general sum. 1885 
Times (Weekly ed.) 6 Mar. 14/1 To consider whether the 
cost of the railway could be distinguished from the other 
expenditure, 

5. To perceive distinctly or clearly (by sight, 
hearing, or other bodily sense) ; to ‘ make out’ by 
looking, listening, etc. ; to recognize. 

1593 Suaxs. Lucy. 1785 No man could distinguish what 
he said. 1605 — Lear iv. vi. 215 Euery one heares that, 
which can distinguish sound, 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's 
Trav. 249 We saw the form of a body covered with linnen, 
without being able to distinguish more. 1726 Adv. Caft. 
R. Boyle 31 When they were near enough, I could distin- 
guish them to be three handsome Women. 1791 Mrs. Rav- 
cLirFE Lom. Forest i, He distinguished the voices of men 
in the room above. 1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. Ing. 1. v. 
182 An eagle..can distinguish objects at a distance at 
which they would be to us altogether imperceptible. 

6. To single out, notice specially ; to pay parti- 
cular attention to, honour with special attention. 
arch, 

1607 Davies 1st Let. to Earl Salisbury (1787) 228 My Lord- 
Deputy .. did presently distinguish the business that was to 
be done. 1702 Rowe 7amer/, Ded., I cannot help Distin- 
guishing the last Instance very particularly. 1748 CHESTERF. 
Lett, (1792) II. cli. 35 His Polish Majesty has distinguished 
you. I hope you received that mark of distinction with 
respect and with steadiness. 1779 Jounson Let. fo A/rs. 
Thrale 6 Apr., Do not let new friends supplant the old ; 
they who first distinguished you have the best claim to your 
attention. 1848 Dickens Dombey 363 If [they] would do 
him the honour to look at a little bit of a shrubbery. .they 
would distinguish him very much. 1851 Ruskin Sfoxes 
Ven. (1874) I. Pref. ii. r2 The work of the Marchese Sel- 
vatico is .. to be distinguished with respect. 

7. To make prominent, conspicuous, remarkable, 
or eminent in some respect. (In the quots. from 
Dryden, involving the notion of adornment ; cf. 


Distinct a. 4.) Now usually veff. or pass. 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa u. 376 Nature having dis- 
tinguished it with rivers, harbours and most commodious 
baies. a @ Dryden State /nnoc. w. i, The ruddy fruit, dis- 
tinguished o’er with gold. 1700 — Cymon & [ph. 96 Not 
more distinguished by her purple vest Than by the charming 
features of her face. 1741 Cuesterr. Le/t. (1792) I. Ixxiv. 
205 At dinner his awkwardness distinguishes itself particu- 
larly. 1776 Gipson Dec?. §& FI. xiii. 268 He had distin- 
guished himself on every frontier of the empire. 1823 LAMB 
Elia Ser. 1. Poor Relation, A peculiar sort of sweet pudding 
. distinguished the days of his coming. 1881 J. Russetn 
Haigs vy. 108 Robert Haig distinguished himself in the 
battle by taking Lord Evers a prisoner. 

II. Intransitive senses. 

8. To make or draw a distinction ; to perceive 
or note the difference between things; to exercise 
discernment ; to discriminate. a. adsol. (in quot. 
1647, with clause.) 

1612 Bacon Ess., Studies (Arb.) 13 If his Wit be not Apt 
to distinguish or find differences, let him Study the Schoole- 
men, 1647 SaLtmarsu Spark. Glory Ep. Ded. (1847) 7 Dis- 
tinguishing to ye, that their Ordination was from the Bishops, 
as Ministers, not as Bishops, 1825 Coeripce Aids Refi. 
xxvi. (1836) 22 It isa dull and obtuse mind that must divide in 
order to distinguish ; but it is a still worse, that distinguishes 
in order to divide, 1861 Maine Anc. Lawiii. (1876) 52 The 
propensity to distinguish characteristic of a lawyer. 

b. with detween : = 4, (The usual construction.) 

1604 Suaks, Oth. 1. iii. 314 Since I could distinguish be- 
twixt a Benefit, and an Iniurie. 1736 Butter Axa. u1. vii. 
Wks. 1874 I. 261 A capacity of distinguishing between truth 
and falsehood, 1879 Hartan Zyesight v. 64 A locomotive 
engineer who cannot distinguish between red and green, 
does not know the difference between danger and safety. 

te. Zo distinguish of: to make distinctions 
with regard to (something), es. in scholastic use 
(=4b); to perceive or note the difference between 
(things) =4, 8b; to judge of, discriminate between. 
To distinguish upon: to make (scholastic or subtle) 
distinctions with regard to. Ods. 

@1592 H. Smirx Wes. (1866-7) I. 97 To defend usury, they 
distinguish upon it, as they distinguish of lying. As they 
say, there is a pernicious lie, and an officious lie, and a merry 
lie, and a godly lie} so [etc.]. 7593 Suaks. 2 Hen. V7, 11. 
i. 129 Sight may distinguish of Colours: But suddenly to 
nominate them all, it is impossible. 1646 H. Lawrence 
Comm. Angells 177 They have a certaine taste .. by which 
they can distinguish of food. 1650 FuLLER Pisgah 1. vi. 14 
The term navigable must be distinguished on. 1703 Rules 
o Civility 124 Able to judge and distinguish of Stiles, 


DISTINGUISHED. 


+9. intr. (for reff.) To become distinguished or 
differentiated. Ods. rare. 

1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemp. 199 (L.) The little embryo 
«first distinguishes into a little knot, and that in time will 
be the heart, and then into a bigger bundle. 

Distinguishable (distingwifab’l), a. [f. prec. 
+-ABLE,] . 

1. Capable of being distinguished, separated, or 
discriminated from others or from one another; 
of which the difference can be perceived or noted. 

1597 Hooker cc, /’ol. v. li. § 1 Vhey are by these their 
seuerall properties. .distinguishable from each other, 167% 
Mitton ?. Ay ut. 424 A race..distinguishable scarce From 
Gentils, but by circumcision. 1739 Hume Hum. Nature i. 
vii. (1874) 1. 326 Whatever objects are different are distin- 
guishable. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Bede 29 Love of this sort is 
hardly distinguishable from religious feeling. 1894 F. Hatt 
in Nation (N. Y.) LVIII. 427/2 Of the intransitive faz?, in 
its sense which is but slightly distinguishable from that of 
depart [etc.]. 

2. Capable of being divided or classified accord- 
ing to distinctive marks ; divisible. 

1658 Sir T. Browne /ydriot. i. (1736) 8 Two Pounds of 

3ones distinguishable in Skulls, Ribs, Jaws, Thigh-bones, 
and ‘Teeth. a1704 Locke (J.), A simple idea..is not dis- 
tinguishable into different ideas. 1844 H. H. Wutson 47, 
India 1. 433 The various tenures .. [are] distinguishable into 
two principal classes. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 

122 ‘The motive and design of college foundations is distin- 
guishable chronologically into three periods. 

3. Capable of being perceived by the senses or 
the mind ; discernible, perceptible. 

161 ‘lourneuR Ath, T7rag. v. ii. Wks. 1878 I. 143 The 
very least Distinguishable syllable I speake. 1651 Biccs 
New Disp, ? 301 Oftentimes but a gentle breath is felt, and 
sometimes scarce distinguishable. 1760 Swinron in PAzZ. 
Trans. LIL. 94 A very distinguishable Mock-Sun, opposite 
to the true one. 1850 Ropertson Seve, Ser. ui. i. (1872) 10 
Even in slander itself, perversion as it is, the interest of man 
in man is still distinguishable. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp, 
xxxi. 271 The high land .. took .. a distinguishable outline. 

+4, Worthy of distinction ; eminent, remarkable, 
noteworthy. Ods. 

1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God 1, Pref. 14 Distinguish- 
able for their Singular and Exemplary Piety. 1740 Mrs. 
M. Wuiteway Let, Pope in Swift's Whs. 1778 XVIII. 229 
Extolling your genius .. or admiring your distinguishable 
virtue. 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. U1. 172 The villa 
Hadriani is the most distinguishable and celebrated. 1824 
L. Murray Fxg. Gram, (ed. 5) 1. 70 That which is nearly 
connected with us..becomes eminent or distinguishable in 
our eyes..though, in itself .. of no particular importance. 

+ 5. Serving to distinguish ; distinctive. Obs. rare. 

1665 Maney Grotius’ Low C. Warres 297 Clear Day- 
light appearing, turned the Invention of their distinguish- 
able Mark against themselves; for being thereby certainly 
known, they were as certainly slain, 

Hence Distinguishableness, the quality or fact 
of being distinguishable. 

1730-6 Baiey (folio), Distinguishableness, capableness of 
being distinguished, 1893 Graphic 4 Feb. 107/1 The chief 
merit of all the new coins is their distinguishableness one 
from another, 

Disti‘nguishably, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] 
In a distinguishable manner; in such a way as to 
be discriminated or perceived ; perceptibly ; + emi- 
nently, remarkably (oés.). 

1704 in Lond. Gaz. No. 4057/2 Blessings .. which make us 
distinguishably happy beyond any part of the World. 1705 

Haukszee in Phil. Trans. XXV. 2175 Parts of the 
Tubes. .were distinguishably Red. @ 1794 Sir W. Jones 
in Asiatic Res. (1799) 1V. 264 We have both species. .in this 
provinces but they melt, scarce distinguishably, into each 
other. 

Distinguished (disti-ngwift), A/. a. [f. Dis- 
TINGUISH ¥. + -ED !.] 

+1. Separate, individually distinct. Ods. 

1609 Tourneur Fun. Poent Sir F. Vere 466 They want 
that competent required space For ev'ry power in a distin- 
guished place ‘lo work in order. 1652 Crasuaw Delights 
Muses 88 She Carves out her dainty voice. . Into a thousand 
sweet distinguish’d tones. 1715-20 Pope //fad x11. 99 The 
forces part in five distinguish’d bands. 1813 ‘I’. Bussy 
Lucretius 1, 210 Distinguished seed each separate kind 
supplies. 

+2. Clearly perceived or perceptible; clear, dis- 
tinct ; marked, pronounced. Ods. 

1700 DryDEn Fadles, Theodore & Hon. 106 The noise .. 
approaching near With more distinguish’d notes invades his 
ear, 1703 Rowe Udyss. 1.i. 343 Mark him from the rest with 
most distinguish’d Hatred. 1782 Miss Burney Cecil/a m1. 
vii, Mrs. Delvile received her with the most distinguished 
politeness. 

+ 3.’ Differentiated from others by character or 
quality; special, distinctive, cHaracteristic. Obs, 

1736 ButLer Anal. 11, vii. 376 The Jews .. appear to have 
been in fact the people of God in a distinguished sense. 
1794 Suttivan View Nat. 11.134 The various opinions .. 
have respectively had their distinguished merits. 1813 ‘I. 
Bussy Lucretius 1. Comment. vi, Amid this general praise 
+. two expressions demand my distinguished notice. 

4. Possessing distinction ; marked by conspicuous 
excellence or eminence; remarkable, eminent ; 
famous, renowned, celebrated; of high standing 
(social, scientific, or other). (Formerly of ac- 
tions, occasions, reputation, etc.; now almost 
always of persons.) 

1714 ManpevILLE Fad, Bees (1724) 178 This awing of the 
multitude by a distinguished manner of living, 1724 War- 
BuRTON Jvacts (1789) 20 He has now three Children .. 
on whom he has bestowed the most distinguished. Educa- 


DISTINGUISHEDLY. 


tion. 1772 Miss Witxes Let. in Wilkes’ Corr. (1805) IV. 

103 My reception here was as en ages as at Deal, and 

very handsome even at Portsmouth. 1 CampBeELL 

Dream vi, Worth itself is but a charter To be mankind's 

beat a martyr. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. [ndia I. ww. v. 

212 The making of a new Nabob, the most distinguished of 

all occasions for presents. 1849 Macautay //ist. Zug. 1. 

319 The modern country gentleman. . receives a liberal edu- 

cation, passes from a distinguished school to a distinguished 

college. 1894 Mrs. H. Warp A/arcedéa II, 256 Four or five 
distinguished guests, including the Conservative Premier. 

b. Having an air of distinction, stylish; =D1s- 

Tincuk, 

1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) III. 357 Known by her 
clothes—her person, her features, so distinguished! 1826 
Disraeu Viv. Grey 1. i. 91 Mr. Cleveland was tall and dis- 
tinguished. 1873 Mrs. it. Kine Disciples, Ugo Bassi vu. 
(1877) 257 He was Though far from handsome, a distin- 
guished man .. an ornament Of drawing-rooms. 

Comb. 1852 James Agnes Sorrel (1860) I. 225 He was a 

-- distinguished-looking man. ; 

i hedly (distingwiftli), adv. [f. 
prec. + -LY2.] In a distinguished manner; with 
distinction. 

+1. Distinctly, specially, expressly. Ods. 

1680 Answ. Stillingfleet's Serm. g Whether the Diocesan 
Bishop be distinguishedly named. 1746 W. Horsey Fool 
No. 63 P rt Then is there not any [trade] wherein the 
Operators so distinguishedly disagree. 1803 in Spirit Pud, 
Frnls, (1804) VIL. 155 His worth and his merits having been 
the more distinguishedly ascertained. 

2. In a distinguished manner; with conspicuous 
or special excellence; eminently. 

431745 Swirt 4 Last Years of Queen i. Wks. 1778 XII. 
26 This address was presented .. and received an answer 
distinguishedly gracious. 1816 Keratince 7rav. (1817) 
II. 149 An intended voyage by some person distinguishedly 
fitted for the undertaking. 1855 Doran //anover Queens 
IL. iv. 76 There was no ship that bore herself .. more dis- 
tinguis edly in the fray. 

Disti‘nguisher. [f.Distincursnz. +-Er 1.] 
One who or that which distinguishes, in various 
senses: see the verb. 

I Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. in Hazl. Dedsley VII. 

67 Mine ear, sound’s true distinguisher. 1646 Sir T. 

Beowne Pseud. Ep. vt. iv. 290 This distinguisher of times.. 

the Sun. 1763 JouNnson in Boswell £7/ 19 July,A philosopher 

may know that it is merely a form of denial; but few servants 
are such nice distinguishers. 1863 J. G. Murrny Com, 

Gen. i. 18 The heavenly bodies become .. the distinguishers 

.. of day and night .. of seasons and years. 

Disti- ishing, vbl. sb. [-1nG1.] The 

action of the vb. DisTINGUISH, in various senses. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xiv. 200 The vniting of all these 
powers together is with such distinctness, and the distin- 
guishing of them is with such vnion. 1650 FuLLer Pisgah 
1. viii. 22 The distinguishing of this land into seven nations, 
1882 Frni. Anthropol. Inst. 369 Based on the distinguishing 
of differences. 

Distinguishing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG2.] 
That distinguishes. 

1. Constituting a difference; serving to distinguish 
or mark off from others ; distinctive, characteristic ; 

. sometimes in stronger sense, That renders (a per- 
son, etc.) distinguished or.eminent. 

1686 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 238 Such as freely sub- 
mitted themselves to the distinguishing Laws of that Com- 
munion, by which they were separated from all other 
Nations. 1712 Avpison Sfect. No. 279 P 4 Milton's chief 
Talent, and indeed his distinguishing Excellence, lies in the 
Sublimity of his Thoughts. 1995 Netson in Nicolas ae 
(1845) II. 64 The command rests with me; and very probably 
I shall be ordered to hoist a Distinguishing Pendant. 1893 
Bookman June 85/2 It is Mr. N.’s distinguishing merit 
that he knows what he can do, and .. does that efficiently. 

2. That perceives differences or makes distinctions 
between things; discriminating. 

1697, Potrer A ntig. Greece m. iv. (1715) 48 There is scarce 
any Passage in .. ancient Poetry, which does not .. disgust 
their curious and distinguishing palates. 1742 RicHARDSON 
Pamela 11, 244 Encomiums given me by two Ladies 
of such distinguishing Judgment. 1x Trencn Mirac. 
xxix. (1862) 393 He loved with a distinguishing human affec- 
tion ‘ Martha, and her sister, and rus’, 

+3. That confers distinction or special favour. 

1670 Devout Commun. (1688) 195 The distinguishing good- 
Bevo pr the great and aivGon = +. making me a reasonable 
creature, his servant, his son. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) 
I. vi. 105 The distinguishing ness of the Hand which 
had preserved me. 

Disti ishingly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a, distinguishing manner; discriminatingly; in 
a way that serves to distinguish, by wa of dis- 
tinction, distinctively; markedly, specially, “emi- 
nently. 

a 1660 Hammonp Wks. IV. 504 (R.), If we observe distin- 
| egy. 1691 Bevertey /hous. Years Kingd. Christ 4 

e.. 


‘onstitution of the Church of England, as it is distin- 


— .» Stiled. m3 4 Pore Let. to Addison 30 Jan., 
me ling me a ‘Tory, because the Heads of that 


dag have been distinguishingly favourable to me. 1774 
tr. Helvetius’ Child of Nature 11. 202 A man in his person 
distinguishingly favoured by Nature. 1856 O-mstep Slave 
States 28 [They] seemed to me to have lost all distinguish- 
ingly African peculiarity of feature. 

Disti-ngui [fe 


hment. Now rare or Obs. 
DIsTINGUISH + -MENT.] 

1, The action of distinguishing or fact of being 
distinguished ; distinction; also concr. something 
serving. to distinguish, (Common in 17th c.) 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 47 By distinguish- 


528 


ment of all their i x61z Snaxs, Wint, 7. 
WU. i. $s Least Bactsiane. ° cae like Language vse to 
all d , And ly distinguish leaue out, Be- 


twixt the Prince and Begger. 1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 297 
{They] have no sexuall distinguishments. 1709 Brit. Apollo 
II. Supernum. No. 6. 2/2 That one grand distinguishment 
of Nature. Sixcieton Virgil iL 372 Ye progeny of 
Daucus, full alike..past distinguishment By their own 
parents. Jbid. 529. babe: Ns 

+2. Clear discernment, distinct perception, Ods. 

1642 Sir E. Derine Sf, on Relig. 86 When you can bring 
the object of one sence to fall under the notion and dis- 


tingujshment of another sence ; so that the eye may as well. 


seea Name or sound, as the eare can heare it. 

+ Disti-tle, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 7a + TiTLE 
5b.) trans. To deprive of title ; to disentitle. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. ww. ii, That were the next 
way to dis-title myself of honour. 

| Disstoma, Disstomum. Z00/. [mod.L., 
Gaertner 1775, f. Gr. diaropos, -ov, double-mouthed, 
f. &.- twice + orépa, pl. orépara mouth. The form 
distoma has pl. disto'mata ; distomum, pl. distoma. 

The etymological form is Distomum repr. Gr. daromov ; 
Distoma as a neuter, with pl. Distomata is absurd, such a 
form as dicroua, -ouara, being impossible in Gr. But Dis- 
toma asa fem. of modern formation, would be admissible.] 

A genus of digenetic 77ematoda, parasitic worms 
or flukes, having two suckers (whence the name), 
of which numerous species infest the alimentary 
canal, liver, etc., of vertebrates, the best-known 
being the liver-fluke (2). hepaticum) which causes 
rot in sheep. It is the typical genus of the family 
Distomide. 

1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Distoma., Zool., name of a 
genus of the Entozoa Trematodea, in which there is a 
sucker at the anterior extremity of the mouth, and a cup 
a little posterior to it on the venter.. 1871 T. R. Jones 
Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 158 The now tailless animal assumes 
the appearance of a Distoma or fluke. 1876 tr. Wagner's 
Gen. Pathol. 120 The young .. in thé distomata go through 
a complicated alternate generation connected with meta- 
morphosis. 1884 Public Opinion 12 Sept. 331/1 Death caused 
by..distoma. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 643 
On the oral extremity of some species of Distomum. 

attrib, 1885 W. Roperts Urinary & Kenal Dis. m. xiii. 
(ed. 4) 650 We no longer doubt that the symptoms were 
produced by distoma-processes. aie 

Hence Disto-mian, a member of the family Dés- 
tomide, or group Distomea. 

1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 45 Worms which have 
less freedom, like the Distomians, are sometimes both mess- 
mates and parasites. ; 

matous (distpmates), a [f. mod.L. 
distoma, -mat-, or its elements (see prec.) + -OUS.] 
Having two mouths or suckers; belonging to the 
genus Distoma of parasitic worms, 

1 Huxtey Anat. /nv. Anim. iv. 204 The two lateral 
projections, characteristic of Distomatous Redia, appear. 

+ Disto‘mb, v. Obs. rare. [Dis-7.] érans. 
To take out of the tomb, to disentomb. 

1628 GauLe Pract. The. (1629) 423 His power and vertue.. 
doth distombe him. 

me (di'stoum). [a. F. déstome, ad. mod. 
L. distoma: see above.] An anglicized form of 
DISTOMA. 

1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 84 An Egyptian distome, 
which lives in Man. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim, 
Life 648 Von Linstow met with in Gammarus Pulex a 
Distome encysted, a single Distome in each cell. 

+ Disto-ned, fa. pple. Obs. rare. [as if from 
a verb *distone: cf. obs. F. destonner ‘to change 
or alter a tune’ (Cotgr.).] Rendered out of tone 
or tune; inharmonious. 

¢1400 Rom. Rose 4248 Discordaunt ever fro armonye And 
distoned from melodie. 

Distoor, var. form of DrsTour. 

Distorn (distg1n), oat pple. rare. [f. Dis- 1 
+torn, pa. pple. of TEAR v.] Torn off, severed 
by tearing. 

1859 Masson Brit. Novelists iv. 277 Carrying in it some 
obscure ideas .. of the infinity whence it feels itself distorn, 

+ Disto-rque, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. distor- 
qué-re; see Disrort.] 

1623 Cocxeram, Distorgued, wrested. 


uement. Ods. rare. [f. as prec. 
4 -MENT. rithing, contortion. 
1627-47 Fevtuam Resolves 1. \xi, 188 Like the distorque- 


ments of a departed Conscience, 

+ Disto'rt, p//. a. Obs. 
pple. of distorguére: see next. 
which it may have been view 
form) ; wry, awry. 

1588 J. Reap Com, . Method 66 Of the curing of a 
distort foote of a childe. 1596 Spenser /. Q. v. xii. 36 Her 
face was ugly, and her mouth distort. 1605 A, Warren Se/- 
JSishness World in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 82 Thus I... Home- 
ward convert a distort countenance. H, More Song 
of Soul i. 1, 1xx, With monki’s mouth distort. 

rt (distput), v. [f. L. déstort- ppl. stem 
of distorqguére to twist different ways, distort, f. 
Dis- 1 + torguére to twist: cf. Exrorr.} 

+1. vans. ‘To twist, wrench, or turn to one side, 
or out of the straight position, Oés. 

1631 Donne Litany (R.), What distorted thee, And 
interrupted evenness with fits. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psexud. 
Ep. i, xx156 If you dip a pen in Aqua fortis. .and:present it 
towards these points, they will, .decline the acrimony thereof, 


[ad. L. distort-us, pa. 
Distorted (of 
as a shortened 


DISTORTION, 


retyring or distorting them to avoid it. ¢ Gav Birth of 

Seer 

Dorie neces inrkalchieetinn 
[o put out of shape or position by twisting or 

drawing awry; to change to an unnatural shape; 


to render crooked, unshapely, or deformed. 
1634 [see Distorrep]. 1751 Jounson Rombler WE. 173P1 


Any action or p e, lon; -. the 
lim! Marevat Faphet \xxiv, His features were dis- 
torted with extreme pain. 1860 ‘T'ynpaut G/ac. 1. i. 5 The 
fossils i i e-rocks are distorted in shape. 


fossil in 

b. To alter the shape of any figure without de- 
stroying continuity, as by altering its angles; to 
represent by an image in which the angles or pro- 
portions of parts are altered, as by a convex 
mirror. 

1812-6 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 429 A large 
object, seen through a lens which is very convex, appears 
more or less distorted. 1821 Suettey Prometh. Und. wv. 383 
A many sided mirror, Which could distort to many a shape 
oferror, Mod. A mirror which distorts the features. 

3. fig. To give a twist or erroneous turn to (the 
mind, thoughts, views) ; to pervert or misrepresent 
(statements, facts). 

¢ 1586 C’ress Pemproxe Ps. cvu. xv, You whose conceites 
distorted be, Stand mute amazed at the sight. 1665 GLan- 
VILL Scepsts Sci. xix. 118 Words. .distorted from their com- 
mon use, and known significations. 1736 Burter Anad.t.v. 
Wks. 1874 I. 108 Both self-love and particular affections .. 
distort and rend the mind. 1828 D'Israe.i Chas. /, 1. Pref. 5 
To establish a pre-conceived theory .. the historian some- 
times distorted facts. 1837 Wuewett Hist. Induct. Sc. 
I. 58 The caprices of imagination distort our impressions. 

+4. intr, (for ref.) To become twisted or out of 
shape. Obs. rare. 

1680 Otway C. Marius v. ii, Old Ancharius. .was so violent 
.. That his beard bristled, and his face distorted. 

Hence Disto‘rting vd/. sb. and fel. a. 

1610 Br. CarLeton Yurisd. 302 Which distorting of Scrip- 
tures is expresly censured by the said learned men. 1819 
Suetey Cenci wv. i. 147 As From a distorting mirror. 1874 
L. Sternen Hours in Library (1892) Il. 1. 5 Imperfect 
images refracted through. .distorting media, 

Distorted, #//. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED1!.] 

1. Twisted out of shape; drawn awry; made 
crooked ; represented with parts out of proportion, 
like the shadows falling obliquely on a surface. 

1634 Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 130 He who's lifted up by 
vice Hath a neighb’ring precipice Dazeling his distorted eye. 
1715-20 Pore /éiad xvi. 480 Wide with distorted legs 
chhawe he goes. 1836 H. Cotertpce North. Worthies 
Introd. Ess. (1852) 26 To..represent the opinions. .not in the 


distorted perspective of their adversaries, Dickens 
Nich, Nick. ii, He had fixed his eyes upon a di ed fir- 
tree. 

2. fig. Turned awry; twisted, wrested. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. Pref. (1851) 96 The dis- 
torted apprehension of decay'd mankinde. H. More 
Myst, Inig. 448 You see how distorted .. his ition 
is to the Tost 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 111. 411 The 
fifth depends upon a distorted authority, and vi as- 


sumption, 

Hence Disto'rtedly adv. ; Disto‘rtedness. 

1684 H. More Answer 407 There is not the least Incon- 
gruity or distortedness in Mr. Mede's way. 21688 Cupwortn 
Immut. Mor, w. iv. (R.) To what purpose should they so 
violently and distortedly pervert the natural order? 1831 
Blackw. Mag. XXX. 1004 A_ glass that..would shew 
objects distortedly as well as — — L. Ovtenant 
Sympneumata x. 152 The sad dist that she 
inherited in entering this world. 

Distorter (distj-tor). [f. Disrorrv. +-ERx1.] 
One who or that which distorts. ee 

in Craic. 1-60 Mayne Expos, Lex., Distortor, 
Fy Book or ditonen, Med. Bigotry f'n dlatarter of the 
mental vision, 

Distortion (distf-1fon). [ad. L. déstortion-em, 
n. of action f. distorguére to Distort. Cf. F. dis- 
torsion (Paré, 16th c.).] ‘ 

1. The action of distorting, or condition of being 
distorted, or twisted awry or out of shape ; sfec. a 
condition of the body or any limb, in which it is 
twisted out of the natural ans 

1581 Mutcaster Positions xxi. (1887) 4 The distortion or 
writhing of the mouth, Wirner Mistr. Philar. 
(1633) 622 Her dainty mouth [is] composed So as there is no 
distortion Mis! mes that sweet proportion, Rew 
Inquiry vi. § 10. 152 They had never observed 
of this kind in the eyes of children. 1804 Anernetny Surg, 
=. 202, I — —_ ive 0 ite te Wales Iie axe 

9) e EDWIN + 215 
Teast” diseution ptaliy knowe: tp he ion of 
club-foot. 1887 G. H. Darwin in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 266 
Earthquake waves consist..of waves or vibrations of com- 
pression, and of distortion. 

b. Math. and Optics. Any chi of shape not 
involving breach of continuity, as the distortion of 
a circle into an oval, or that of a rectangle into a 
rhombus or rhomboid by alteration of the angles, 
lengthening or curving of certain lines, etc. ! 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 333/1 Refractive aberra- 
Some or in other words mint ay » is — to be 4 

nses, producing images wherein nes are 
sented as bulged inwards or outwards. 1885 OsBorNE 
Reynotps in Proc. Brit. Assoc, 898 The susceptibility of 
such a medium for a state in which the two sets of grains 
are in conditions of opposite distortions, 

c. concr. A distorted form or i 

1820 Suettey Witch of Atlas ey 
forms of sleep she saw. . Distortions 


But other troubled 
of supernatural awe,, 


DISTORTIONAL. 


18g Nicnot Archit. Heav. 59 Instead of an image of the 
object, will yield only a distortion. 1867 A. Barry Sir C. 
Barry vii. 244 Some remains of the objectionable distortion 
at the entrance from S. Stephen's Hall. | : 

2. A temporary twist awry, a twisting or writhing 
movement; a contortion, 

1718 Prior Powe? 65 By his distortions he reveals his pains, 

* aca Rambler No. 188 ® 4 What the Latins call, 
A gy rdinian Laughter, a distortion of the face without 
gladness of heart. E 

3. fig. The twisting or perversion of words so as 
to give to them a different sense; perversion of 
opinions, facts, history, so as to misapply them. 

R. Hotuincwortu Exerc, Usurped Powers 51 Having 
vindicated this passage. .from this authors distortion. 1745 
Westey Answ. Ch. 37 What a frightful Distortion of my 
Words is this? 1849 Macautay Hist, Eng. Il. 317 To 
bring together .. by fraudulent distortions of law, an as- 
sembly which might call itself a parliament. 1874 L. 
Srernen Hours in Library (1892) I. vii. 246 He will be 
amused at the distortion of history. 

Hence Disto'rtional a., of or pertaining to dis- 
tortion; Disto‘rtionist, one who practises or 
professes distortion: a. a caricaturist ; b. one who 
professionally distorts his body. 

1864 Sat. Rev. 5 Nov. 563 Bunbury .. was a mere cari- 
caturist, or distortionist. 1885 OsporNne Reynotps in Prec. 
Brit. Assoc. 898 ‘The transmission of distortional waves be- 
comes possible if the medium be composed of small grains 
with large grains interspersed. 1886 Pad Mall G. 6 Aug. 
13/2 They play the réle of distortionists .. Their object is to 
draw money from the public by their piteous and excruciat- 
ing positions. 


Disto'rtive, «. [f. L. distort- ppl. stem + 
-IVE; cf. L. ¢ortiv-us.] Having the quality of 
distorting ; producing or tending to distortion. 

1823 Scoressy Whale Fishery 166 The ships in the north- 
west .. were .. subject to a distortive influence ; these ap- 

ared ,, elevated by refraction, like oblong black streaks, 

ngthened out. /dzd. 168 In its distortive effect. 

|| Disto-rtor. Anat. [med.L. distortor a dis- 
torter (Du Cange).] (In full d’stortor orts), aname 
for the Zygomaticus minor muscle of the mouth, 
which distorts the face in latffhter, etc. 

173t Baizey vol. II., Dis¢orfor, a muscle of the mouth, 
the same as Zygomaticus. [In mod. Dicts.] 

+Distorture. Ods. [f. Disrort v. + -uRE; 
after ¢orture.] = Distortinc, Distortion. 

1613 Jackson Creed 1. xxiii. § 3. 398 The infernal [z.». in- 
ternal] distortyre of their proud affections. 1709 Answ. 
Sacheverell’s Serm.11 A Distorture of Words to a new Sense. 

Distourble, var. DistuRBLE v. Obs. 

Distra‘ct, 7//. a. arch. [ad. L. déstract-us, 
pa. pple. of distrahére to draw in different direc- 
tions, pull asunder, f. Dis- 1 + ¢rahéve to draw, 
cag: See also the earlier Disrrair from Fr.] 

+1. Torn or drawn asunder, divided, separated ; 
scattered ; torn to pieces. (In quot. 1398 as Za. 
pple.) Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xxv. (1495) 362 That 
the vertues that ben dystracte, sparplyd and made feble by 
daye wakyng maye be joynyd and rested by benefyce of 
nyghte. cx1400 Destr. Troy 3219 Distracte were pai stithly, 
& stonyt by dene. 1591. Suaks, Lover's Compl. 231 To 
your audit comes Their distract parcels in combined sums. 

2. Drawn away, diverted; having the attention 


diverted. Ods. 

2435 Misyn Five of Love 73 Pat with no cry or noys or 
any odyr binge fro prayer [pai] may be distracte. “1514 
Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy) p. xlv, The hungr 
sewers.,At euery morsell hath eye unto thy-hande So muc 
on thy morsell distract is their minde. 1553 Be. Watson in 
Crowley Soph. Dr. Watson ii. (1569) 151 The priest..may 
haue his thoughtes distract to some other thing. 

3. Perplexed or confused in mind by having the 
thoughts drawn in different directions. arch. 

a1340 Hamrote Psalter xxiv. 17, I am noght distracte 
in —. thoghtes. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 421 He.. 
see in the aiere a meruellous thynge thro the whiche si3hte 
he began to be distracte. 

1887) 31 Being distracte with diuersitie of thoughtes. 1671 

ILTON Samson 1556, 1 recover breath, And sense distract, 
to know well what I utter. 1854 Syp. Dosett Balder 
xxiii. 96 She flung her garlands down, and caught, distract, 
The skirts of passing tempests. 

4, Deranged in mind; crazy, mad, insane. arch. 

1481 Will of Taylour (Somerset Ho.), For seke & distracte 
people, 1578 Lyte Dodoens mt. xciil. 448 To raue, and 
waxe distracte or furious. x60 Suaxs. ¥ud. C. 1v. iii. 15. 
With this she fell distract, And (her Attendants absent 
Swallow’d fire. 1663 Butter Hud. 1. i. 212 More peevish, 
cross, and splenetick Than Dog distract. 2779 SHERIDAN 
Critic m. i, My daughter. .has gone Distract 

+b. as pa. pple. Driven mad, distracted. Obs. 

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 227 What madnes or 

deuill. hath so. .distracte oure myndes 
+¢. phr. Distract of one’s wits, etc.: cf. Dis- 
TRACT v. 6b. Ods. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur xu. iv, He shold be distracte 
out of his witte, 1576 Newton Leminie's Complex. (1633) 
242 They that be distract of their right wits. 1578 Lyte 
Dodoens ut. xxvi. 352 Melampus .. cured with this herbe 
«the daughters of Preetus, which were distract of their 
memories. x60r F. Gopwin Bfs. of Eng. 275 Rauing and 
taking on like a man distract of his wits. 

(distreekt), v. [f. L. déstract- ppl. 
stem of distrahére: see prec. As in many other 
verbs, the pa. pple. distract, repr. L. distractus, 
was in use before the finite vb., and with its ex- 

Vou, IT, 


1581 Mutcaster Positions v. 


529 


panded form distracted, prob, served to introduce 
the verb into use.] 

+1. ¢razs. To draw in different directions; to 
draw asunder or apart ; to draw away ; to separate, 
divide (Zit, and fig.). Ods. 

1600 E, Biount tr. Conestaggio 20 The which he secretly 
feared, and his ministers greatly hoped for, so were their 
mindes distracted. 1609 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. (1614) 
646 His Godhead was never distracted eyther from soule or 
bodie. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovsa's Met. vi. (1626) 117 [Aarsyas 
to Apollo] Why doe you (oh!) me from my selfe distract ? 
1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 164 Whereby the Scapula is 
distracted and abscedes. 165x Hoses Leviath. 1. xvii. 86 
Being distracted in opinions. 

+b. To carry away to other parts; to disperse. 

16.. R. ASHLEY Comfarison, &c., I found the treatise to bee 
so well liked, that the former copies were for the most part 
alreadie distracted. 1617 Moryson //ix. 11. u1. iii. 88 At Torg, 
where the best beere is brewed, and from thence distracted 
to other Cities. 1618 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 402 Foreign 
Books brought out of other Countries should not be dis- 
tracted here without peculiar leave. @1661 Futter Worthies 
(1840) II. 415 The wits of the university were distracted 
into several counties, by reason of the plague therein. 

2. To rend into parts or sections; to divide ; 
usually implying disorder or disintegration. Now 
rare or Obs, 

1585 App. SAnDys Ser. (1841) 380 A kingdom .. divided 
and distracted into factions. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 108 
The army of the Grecians [was] distracted into parcells. 
1655 Staniey Hist. Philos, 11. (1701) 124/2 Philosophers 
who did not distract the Doctrine of their Master into Sects. 
1698 Fryer Acc. E. Judia §& P. 350 The Power was dis- 
tracted among the Captains of the Conqueror. [1888 Pad/ 
Mall G. 6 Oct. 6 The subject had to be distracted between 
two discussions.] 

tb. fig. To ‘pull to pieces’, undo, spoil. Ods. 

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) u. xlvi. (1859) 52 Yet is my 
ioye in so moche dystracted that thou are not ther. 1695 
Lp. Preston Boeth, 11. 143 By dissevering and segregating 
the Parts, that Oneness is distracted. 

3. To draw or turn away from actual position, 
destination, or purpose; to turn aside, or in an- 
other direction; to divert. (Now only in’/o dis- 
tract the attention, the mind, or the like.) 

¢1380 Wyctir Sed, Wks, III. 84 We schulden be war to 
kepe hem soundeli, for bodeli pingis distractib men to kepe 
hem riz3t. 1435 Misyn Jive of Love 65 On ee pai haue of 
waytynge, A-nodyr of trw sorow, qwhos lufe distractis pe 
wytt, peruertis & ouerturnes resone. 1612 W. Suure tr. 
Fougasse’s Venice ii. 12 They might easily .. distract him 
from the alliance with the French King. 1643 PryNne 
Sov. Power Parl. App. 166 The Emperour .. swears, That 
he will alianate, distract, or morgage nothing of those 
things which appertain to the Empire. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. i. \i. 62 The needle.. being distracted, driveth 
that way where the greater & powerfuller part of the earth 
is placed. 1744 AkeNsIpE Pleas. Imag. 1. 52 Vice, distract- 
ing their delicious gifts To aims abhorr’d. 1874 CARPENTER 
Ment. Phys.i. v. 6870) 214 [This] distracts the mind from 
the sense of danger. 1878 ke. W. Date Lect. Preach. ii. 35 
To drive away all thoughts that would distract their atten- 
tion. 

4. To draw in different directions; to divide 
attention, inclination, etc. (defween different ob- 
jects) ; to perplex or confuse by divergent aims 
or interests; to cause dissension or disorder in. 
(In mod. use often associated with senses 5, 6.) 

1597-8 Bacon L£ss., Followers & Friends (Arb.) 38 To be 
gouerned by one is not good, and to be distracted with 
many is worse; but to take aduise of friends is euer 
honorable. 1638 Sir T, Hersert 7 av. (ed. 2) 216 Hee 
that sits above .. distracted their designe. 1650 FULLER 
Pisgah u. 65 How is his tongue distracted between the 
Spirit of God and the spirit of gold. 1752 Jouxson Ram- 
bler No. 196 ® 4 He stands distracted by different forms 
of delight. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 542 The dissen- 
sions by which the little band of outlaws was distracted. 
1855 /ézd. 1V. 555 He was distracted between the fear of 
losing his ears and the fear of injuring his patron. 187. 
Green Short Hist. vii. § 8. 432 One of the endless cit 
wars which distracted the island, ; 

5. To throw into a state of mind in which one 
knows not how to act; to perplex or bewilder 
greatly. (Often coloured by sense 6, which is, 
however, no longer used literally.) 

1583 Stanynurst 4veis ii. (Arb.) 53 Thus then I dis- 
tracted, with al hastning, ran to mye weapons. 1605 
Suaks. Macé. 11. iii, 109 They star’d, and were distracted. 
1667 Mitton P. LZ, 1v. 18 Horror and doubt distract His 
troubl’d thoughts. 1771 Mrs. Grirritu tr. Viaud’s Ship- 
wreck 198, I was so distracted with joy. 1856 Dickens 
Lett. (1880) I. 434, I am at present distracted with doubts. 

6. To derange the mind or intellect of; to 
render insane, drive mad. Ods. in Zit. sense: cf. 5. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. i. 116 This is a poore mad 
soule,.pouerty hath distracted her. 1653 DororHy Osporne 
Lett. to Sir W. Temple xvii. (1888) 97 Sure, the poor woman 
is a little distracted, she could never be so ridiculous else. 
1777 SHERIDAN 77/p Scard. 1. i, Stay—thou'lt distract me. 
1791 Cowrer //iad xxu. 66 Commis’rate also thy unhappy 
Sire Ere yet distracted. 

b. phr. Zo distract of one’s wit, etc. Obs. 

x602 T. Firznersert Afol. 27a, He dyed distracted of 
his sences. 1632 Lirucow 7vav. vu. 355 Seeing them all 
madde and distracted of their wits with sorrow. 1633 Br. 
Hatt Hard Texts 88 The view and sense of those judg- 
ments. .shall utterly distract thee of thy wits. 

te. intr. To become distracted, go mad, 

Obs. rare. 

1768 Ross Helenore 15 (Jam.) Like to distract, she..Cry’d 
Lindy, Lindy, waes me, are ye dead? te 


DISTRACTILE, 
§'7. = Derract: cf. Distracrer, D1stRac- 
TION 7. 
+ Distra‘ct, 5d. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] A 
distraction. 


1624 Quartes Div, Poems, Fob xv. ili, The man, whose 
soule is undistain’d with Ill, Stands onely free from the 
distracts of Care, 1632 — Div. Fancies 1. vi. (1660) 4 
False hopes, true fears, vain joyes, and fierce distracts. 

Distracted (distrektéd), A/.a. [f. Disrracr 
v. + ED 1,] 

+1. Drawn apart, rent asunder; divided. Ods. 

1598 Fiorio, Distratto, withdrawne, distracted, led away. 
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 2 Europe is of a more dis- 
tracted and manifolde shape. 1601 Suaxs. Adl’s Well v. 
iii. 35 To the brightest beames Distracted clouds giue way. 
1631 GouGe Goa’s Arrows iii. § 95. 365 Henry 7 .. married 
Elizabeth the heire of the house of Yorke, and therby 
united those two distracted houses. 1642 Futter //oly & 
Prof. St. v. xv. 418 By putting together distracted sylla- 
bles, and by piecing of broken sentences. 

2. Driven hither and thither; agitated, disturbed, 
‘troubled’. Ods. exc. as fig. from senses 3-5. 

1632 Lirucow 7'rav. x. 505 ‘Vhere is a certaine place of 
sea, where these destracted tydes make their rancountering 
Randevouze. 1925 Phil. Trans, XX XIII. 427 Hard Gales 
of southerly Winds, attended with violent Squalls of Rain, 
and a distracted Sea. a184§ Hoop Forge 1. vi, Badly, 
madly, the vapours fly Over the dark distracted sky. 

3. Mentally drawn to different objects; perplexed 
or confused by conflicting interests; torn or dis- 
ordered by dissension or the like. 

a 1633 Austin Afedit. (1635) 87 Having (according to my 
weake facultie, and distracted Studies) set downe what 
I thought most..observable. 1799 F. Hervey Nav. Hist. II. 
140 To settle the distracted affairs of that kingdom, Crom- 
well was appointed lord-lieutenant. 1821 Lams /éa Ser. 1. 
Grace bef. Meat, Savoury soup and messes .. moistening 
the lips of the guests with desire and a distracted choice. 

4. Much confused or troubled in mind; having, 
or showing, great mental disturbance or per- 
plexity. 

1602 SHaks. Ham. 1. v. 97 Remember thee? I.. while 
memory holds a seate In this distracted Globe, 1607 — 
Timon 1. iv.115 You onely speake from your distracted 
soule. 1667 Drypen Jud. Emperor i. ii, Where shall 
a Maid’s distracted Heart find Rest? 1822 New Edin. 
Rev. No. 3. 109 He bent over her, chiefly to hide her dis- 
tracted countenance. 1857 Buckie Civiliz, I. vi. 304 ‘The 
minds of men were too distracted for so deliberate a plan. 

5. Deranged in mind; out of one’s wits; 
crazed, mad, insane. Now vzarve in literal sense, 
exc. in such expressions as ‘ like one distracted ’. 

1590 Suaks. Com, Err. v. i. 39 ‘To fetch my poore dis- 
tracted husband hence. 1657 Howett Londinop. 65 It 
[Bethlem]) was an Hospital for distracted people. 1719 De 
For Crusoe (1840) II. v. 107 They ran about..like distracted 
men. 1728 Newton Chronol. Amended i. 142 Athamas.. 
went distracted and slew his son. 1740 Gray Let. Poems 
(1775) 95 The latter died distracted. 1772 SHERIDAN in 
heridaniana (1826) 38, I was in short almost distracted. 

Distra‘ctedly, adv. [f. prec. + -1y2.] In 
a distracted manner; + disjointedly (ods.); with 
mental distraction, madly, like one distracted. 

1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 28 To euery place at once 
and no where fixt, The mind and sight distractedly commixt. 
16or — wel. N. u. ii. 22 She did speake in starts dis- 
tractedly. 1608 T. Morton Pream. Encounter 105 The 
whole being .. distractedly quoted. 1715 JANE BARKER 
Exilius U1. 39 Seeing him fall by her Hand, she cry’d out 
most distractedly. 1749 FreLpinc 7om Younes xiv. iv, You 
have made her daughter distractedly in love with you. 1837 
Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. mt. vi. (1872) 81 Monseigneur .. does 
nothing but walk distractedly..cursing his stars. 1870 
Disrarit Lothwir iv. 10 He was so distractedly fond of 
Lady Montairy. 

Distra‘ctedness. [f. as prec.+-nrss.] The 
condition of being distracted. 

1580 SIDNEY Arcadia (1622) 327 A martiall noyse (raysed 
by the violence of Inuaders, and distractednesse of others). 
a 1691 Boye Life Wks, I. 41 (R.) The present distracted- 
ness of my mind. 

Distra‘cter. [f. Disrracr v, + -Er1.] One 
who or that which distracts. In quot.: Something 
that detracts (from): cf. DistRact v. 7. 

1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. Pref. (1662) 3 Such In- 
spiration..is no distracter from, but an accomplisher and 
an enlarger of the humane faculties. 

+ Distra‘ctful, 2. Ods. [f. Distractr sd, or 
v. + -FUL.] Full of or fraught with distraction. 


Hence } Distra‘ctfulness. ; 

1636 Hevwoov-Loves Maistresse 11. Wks. 1874 V. 130 
Thanke thy sisters, they apparrell’d thee In that distractfull 
shape. @1640 J. Batt Power Godlines (1657) 133 When 
they want comfort they fall into heavy dumps, and dis- 
tractfulness. 1746 Moret, ¥udas Macc. 1. 6 Distractful 
Doubt and Desperation, Ill become the chosen Nation. 

Distra’ctible, «. [f. as next + -IBLE.] 
Capable of being distracted. 

1730-6 Batey (folio), Distractib/e(in Surgery) capable of 
bong drawn aside. Hence 1775 in Asx.; and in mod. 

icts. 

+ Distra‘ctile, a. Ods. [f. L. distract-, ppl. 
stem of dzstrahére to pull asunder + -ILE; cf. mod. 
F. distractile in Bot, (Littré).] . 

Capable of being drawn asunder or stretched, ex- 
tensible; of or relating to stretching. (Cf. con- 
tractile.) In Bot. applied by Richard to anthers 
in which the cells are separated by a very long and 
narrow connective. ; 

67* 


DISTRACTING. 


530 
My little affairs are in such distraction till I can eome to 


1709 F. Hauxsnee Phys. Mech. Exp. v. (ed. 2) 117 These 
distractile Tubes will 4 com “1 by that i b 

Weight. 1726 Monro Amat. Nerves (1741) 36 Muscular 
Fibres are distractile, or capable of being stretched. 1747 
Lanorisu Muscular Motion i. § 31 in Phil. Trans. XLIV., 
This distractile Power must..be the Occasion of some 
Degree of Tension in them. 1835 Linptey /mtrod. Bot. 
(284 8) I. 343 In Salvia..the connective has been called by 

ic 


istractile. 
, vol. sb. 


Distra‘cting [f. Disrracr v. + 
. ; : : 
-nG!,] The action of Disrracr v.; distraction. 
cx4g0 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xliii, To 
holde hym wythout forgetyng, distractyng or lettyng of ony 
creature. 1660 Mitton Free Commrw. 451 To the retarding 
and distracting oft times of thir Counsels. 

i ‘eting, //.a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That distracts; bewildering, maddening. 

1632 Litucow 7rav. 1x. 402, I grew affrighted..for. .the 
distracting noyse drew aye nearer and nearer us. 1749 
Fiecpinc Tom Yones xv. iii, His mind was tost in all the 
distracting anxiety so nobly described by Shakespeare 
[9ud.C. 1. i. 63-69). 1799 tr. Diderot's Nat. Son 11. 10. 
No one..can conceive the heart-distracting misery i 
suffered, 1822 J. W. Croxer in C. Papers (1884) 12 Aug., 
I will ..tell you this lamentable, this distracting story. 

Hence Distra‘ctingly adv. 

1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 67/2 A handsome city, 
but distractingly regular. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Sede 180 
Hetty..had the same distractingly pretty looks. .for every- 
body. 1879 Miss Brappon Viren III. 221 ‘The ringing of 
imaginary wedding bells sounded distractingly in her ears. 

Distraction (distrakfan). [ad. L. distraction- 
em, n. of action f. d¢strahére to pull asunder, Dis- 
TRACT; ef. F. distraction (1335 in Godet.).] 

+1. A drawing or being drawn asunder ; pulling 
asunder ; forcible disruption, division, or severance. 

158r Mutcaster Positions xli. (1887) 248 The distraction 
of temporall, ciuill and Canon law being in many pointes 
very offensiue to our countrey. 1597 Hooker “ccl. /o/. 
v. hii. §2 His two natures..are..as vncapable of confusion 
as of distraction. 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. clvi. 648 & 
in the seventh in ferall Signes, argues death by Distraction, 
or by Ruine, or fall of Timber or Houses, 1837-8 Sir W. 
Hamitton Logic xxv. (1866) 11. 23 The parts which, by the 
distraction of the whole, come into view, are called the 
divisive members. 

+b. A severed or divided form, drawn apart 
from others. Odés. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. § Cl. m. vii. 77 While he was yet in 
Rome, His power went out in such distractions, As beguilde 
all Spies. 

+ c. Dispersion, scattering. Ods. 

1618 Hares Gold, Rem. (1688) 402 By reason of that great 
distraction of their Books and Papers. 

+d. Violent stretching or extension. Ods. 

c1720 W. Ginson Farrier’s Guide u. xix. (1738) 65 A Dis- 
traction, or Rupture of the Vessels. 1737 BracKEN /arviery 
Impr. (1756) 1. 68 The Fibres..are ina Crate of Distraction, 
that is, they are drawn out into a greater length. 

e. Grk. Gram. The resolution of a long vowel 
into two yowels, identical or differing only in 
quantity, as in dpdw for ép@, kpaaros for kparos. 

1891 Monro Homeric Gram. (ed. 2) 51 These forms [dpow, 
épdas etc.] were regarded by the older grammarians as the 
result of a process called ‘ distraction’, (the exact reverse of 
contraction), by which a long vowel, @ or w, could be 
a ak into two distinct vowels (aa, ow, &c.). 

. The drawing away (of the mind or thoughts) 
from one point or course to another ; diversion of 
the mind or attention. Usually in adverse sense ; 
less commonly = diversion, relaxation (as in Fr.). 

1450-1530 MJyrr. our Ladye 10 The harte owght to be 
kepte in D dead of these holy howres from dystraccyon, and 
from thynkynge on other thynges. 1526 Pilger. Pers. (W. 
de W. 1531) 159b, Harde it is to say one Pater noster 
without distraccyon of y° mynde. 16x Bree 1 Cor. vii. 35 
That you may attend vpon the Lord without distraction. 
1699 Burnet 39 A7t. xii. (1700) 129 The distraction of their 
Thoughts in Devotion. 1749 Cuesterr. Lett. (1792) II. 
exciv. 224, | know no one thing more offensive to a company, 
than that inattention and distraction, 1853 C. Bronte 
Villette xxi, Considering sewing a source of distraction 
from the attention due to himself, 1853 Mrs. JAMESON in 
G. Macpherson Memoirs (1878) 278 While attending on m: 
mother, the compilation, printing, and illustrating fursieh 
me with what the French call a distraction. 

b. An instance or occasion of this. ¢. Something 
that distracts (or diverts) the mind or attention. 

1614 Br. Haut Recol?. Treat. 158 A third, standing with 
the eyes. .shut for feare of distractions. 1655 Stantey //is¢. 
Philos, 1. (1701) 30/2 If he had not been constrained by 
seditious and other distractions to lay aside that study. 
1849 Ronertson Sem. Ser. 1. ii 25 The cares of this wont 
—its petty trifling distractions. 1 Wraxait tr. 2. 
Houdin x. 136 Conjuring..was a mere istraction by which 
he amused his friends. 

3. The fact or condition of being drawn or pulled 
(physically or mentally) in different directions by 
conflicting forces or emotions. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry W. ut. v. 87 In her inuention, and 
Fords wiues distraction, they conuey'’d me into a bucke- 
basket. 1633 'T = James Voy. 29 The ship did labour most 
terribly in this distraction of winde and waues. 1828 
D'Israeut Chas. /, 1. Pref. 4 Instead of the distraction of 
multifarious events. .the philosopher discovered the insepar- 
able ion of cir 

b. Disorder or confusion of affairs, caused by in- 
ternal conflict or dissension; the condition of a 
community torn by dissension or conflict of ies. 

1642 Cuas. I in Clarendon Hist. Red. v. § 386 To settle 
the Peace of the Kingdom, and compose the Bro Dis- 
tractions. 1709 Sreece in Lett, Lit. Men ( den) 344 


| as in my praier I 


destructive Legislative. 
| 


“vJ 


an g in y. 1780 Burke Sp. at Bristol 
Sept. Wks. III. 431 Your hg! gentlemen, is in a state 
miserable distraction. 1 acautay Hist, Eng. 1. 134 
The distractions of Ireland, he said, arose. .from differ- 
ences between the Irish and the English. 1875 Jowerr 
Plato (ed. 2) 111. 223 That body is..rendered incapable of 
united action by reason of sedition and distraction. : 

4. Violent perturbation or disturbance of mind 
or feelings, approaching to temporary madness. 
To distraction: to a degree which exemplifies or 
amounts to this ; distractedly. 

1606 Suaxs. Ant. §& Cl.1v.i.g Giue him no breath, but 
now Make boote of his distraction. 1657 Burton's Diary 
—_ II. 24 Pardon me if I speak confusedly, any man will 
justify my distraction in this. 1724 R. Farconer Voy. u. 
(1769). 30 There was a sad Distraction amongst us in the 
Ship. .for we had almost fell foul. 1802 Noble Wanderers 
I. 281 The Princess loves you to distraction. 1819 Byron 
¥uan i. cx, To contend with thoughts she could not smother, 
She seem’d, by the distraction of her air. 

+5. Mental derangement; craziness, madness, 
insanity. Ods. (exc. as involved in prec.; cf. Dis- 
TRACT V. 5, 6, DISTRACTED 4, 5.) 

c1600 SHAKS. Soun. cxix, In the distraction of this 
madding fever. 1702 C. Marner Magn. Chr. 11. vii. (1852) 
145 A distempered melancholy at last issued in an incurable 
distraction. 1764 Harmer Oéserv. xu. iv. 159 ‘The hermits 
of superstition. .resemble Nebuchadnezzar in his distraction. 
1794 Suttvan Iie Nat. 1. 8 He traverses the whole circle 
of human imbecility and distraction. ; ; 

6. In French-Canadian law: The diverting of 
costs from the client or party who would be in 
ordinary course entitled to them, and their ascrip- 
tion to his attorney or other person equitably en- 
titled. [=F. distraction, in same use.] 

18.. Code of Civil Procedure of Lower Canada Art. 484 
(In roth Rept. of Codification Comm. 1866), Attorneys ad 
Litem may demand and obtain distraction of their fees. 

§| 7. for DETRACTION. 

1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 67 (Mitz.) Have in hate mowthes 
that ben double, Suffre at thy table no distractioun. 

+ Distra‘ctious, z. Ots. [f. prec.: see 
-r1ous.] Abounding in or fraught with distractions. 

1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 104 In the time of the 
Fires raging, and of the distractious impetuosity. 1678 
Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. Pref. ro Which. .would render His 
providences to humane apprehensions, laborious and dis- 
tractious. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 51 The former [opinion] 
would render the Divine Law operose, solicitous and 
distractious. 

Distractive (distraktiv), a. [f.L. ppl. stem 
distract-(see DISTRACT v.)+-IVE.] Of distracting 
quality or tendency. 

1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 212, I will walke free from all 
feares and distractive cares. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. xii. 
(1851) 93 How hurtfull and distractive it is to the house, the 
Church and Commonwealth. isd Cartyce Fr. Kev. UI. vi. 
vi. (1872) 248 Thou undefinable .. self-distractive, self - 
1855 — Misc., Prinzenraud (1872) 
VII. 162 Johann Frederick..founding that imbroglio of 
little dukedoms. .distractive to the human mind. | 

Hence Distra‘ctively adv., with distracting ten- 
dency or effect. 

1831 Cartyte Sart, Res. 1. ii. (1872) 6 Maddest Waterloo- 
Crackers, exploding distractively and destructively, where- 
soever the mystified passenger stands or sits. 1837 
Fr. Rev. U1. 1. iv. (1872) 19 Whether the Flag.. flapped 
soothingly or distractively. 

+ Distra‘ctly, adv. Obs. rare—'. [f. Dis- 
TRACT a. +-LY *.] = DISTRACTEDLY. 

¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione m. liii, Forzeue me. .as ofte tymes 
i penke on eny ober pinge pan on pe. 
I am wont to haue me pere ful distractly. 

+ Distracture. Ols. [f. L. déstract- ppl. 
stem (see DISTRACT v.) + -URE.] = DISTRACTION. 

x6az2 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 192 tg victory of 

t the P: 


DISTRAIN. 
I. General senses: all Ods. "i ; 


ce, ote gn! he shal 

destreyne. 1483 Caxton Gold. i* 372 b/t Hit ona 

nyght that she distrayned her self by the throte that she was 

t estrangled. 1600 Farrrax asso xu. xii. 215 The 
Bepek. mp gan distraine Now him, now her, 


riendly armes. 
+b. Te ‘o sono, bind, restrain. oo ‘ 
Cc th, MB b. MS.) A 
ys bape : u. pr. vie 42 ( per man 


—v. 
pat ne mowen nat be vnbownden. c¢ 1386 — Pars. T.? 195 
Oure lord Ihesu crist.,after that he hadde be bytraysed of 
his disciple, and destreyned and bounde, 
+e. fig. To hold captive, or in constraint. Oés. 
¢1340 Hamrote Prose Tr. 18 Neuer-pe-lattere in bis maner 
felynge a saule may be distreynede by vayne glorye. ¢1374 
Criaucer Troylus 1. 355 Opere besye nedes hym destrayned. 
+2. fig. To hold in its grasp, as disease, sickness, 
love ; to distress, oppress, afflict. Ods. 

In quots. 1547, 1618 perhaps ‘to strain’. 

1374 Cuaucer Troylus ut. 1479 (1528) No word for sorwe 
she answerede, So sore his fia here destreyne. 
¢ 1430 Lypc, Compl. Bl. Rut. xx, And overmore distrayned 
with sicknesse Beside all this he was full grevously, od 3 


| Caxton Gold. Leg. 266 b/1 The man of god..destrayn: 


body by soo grete trauaill of fastynges and wakynges that he 
languyssed in contynuel maladye. a@1547 Surrey in 
Tottell’s Misc. 14 Ragyng loue with extreme payne Most 
cruelly distrains my hart. a@ 1618 Raveicu Kem, (1644) 121 
Distrained with the wringing fits of his dying flesh. 

+ 3. To control by force, restrain, subdue. Oés. 

a 1400-50 Alexander 4244 A Kyng with-outen cunnyng, 
he can no3t distreyne His subile]ctis. —— Spiritual 
Counsayle H ij, Howe by his wysdome on the he 
hathe distrayned all the power of the devyll. 

+4. To constrain, force, or compel (a person fo 
do something). Ods. (Hence the legal sense 7.) 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus v. 596 Distreyne here herte as 
faste to retorne, As bow dost myn to longen here to se. 
1375 Barsour Bruce xu. 338 Thar gret vaward alsua Wes 
distrenzeit the bak till am ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P35 
Penitence destreyneth a man to — et eue! 
peyne..enioyned. c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Low, 
(E. E. T. 8) 62 Who destreyns be to swere ofte ? 

+5. To strain out, express ; to extract by press- 
ing or straining. (In quot. 1563, énfr. for refl.) 

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T.S.) 85 
His properte ys, to make stalworthe pe stomak, & destreyne 
& purge be euyl and rotyn humours pat er in pe stomak. 

3 B. Gooct Eglogs le 117 The gryefe so sore, doth 
growe in euery parte, traynyng through the venomed 
vaines doth so torment the Hart. 1634 Sir T, Hersert 
Trav. 150 Cofta or Coho, a drinke. . blacke, thicke and bitter; 
distrained from Berries of that quality. 

+6. a. To pull or tear off. b. To rend or tear 
asunder. [After L. senses.] Ods. 

1382 Wyciir Ezek. xvii. 22 Y shal take of the merew3 of 
the hee3 cedre, and I shal putte of the cop of his braunchis; 
the tendre I shal distreyne, [1388 streyne, Vulg. distri 
1590 Srenser /. Q. 11. xii. 82 That same net so cunningly 
was wound, That neither guile nor force might it distraine. 

II. Law. [The earliest use recorded, but etymo- 
logically a specific application of 4.] 

+'7. trans. @. To constrain or force (a person) by 
the seizure and detention of a chattel or thing, to 

tform some obligation (as to pay money owed 

y him, to make satisfaction for some wrong done 
by him or by his beasts, or to perform some other 
act, e.g. to appear in court); to punish by such 
seizure and detention for the non-performance of 
such obligation, (See Distress sé, I.) Ods. exc. 
Hist., or as included in ¢, 


the emperour Charles the Fifth, g: ant 
princes of Ger ie, is i ito their di 
from parity in command, 

+ Distra‘de,v. Os. rare. [f. Dis-1 + TRADE 
trans. To distribute by way of trade. 

1623 Liste Atifric on O. & N. Test. To Rar. 14 This 
creature (Camel]..is the best and only meanes,.to conuey 
through the deserts, the sweet wares of happy Arabie, 
and so to distrade and retaile them ae the Nations. 


+ Distra‘ge: Obs. rare—', [f. dé-, Dis- 5 + 
It. strage, L. stréges overthrow, slaughter, carnage.] 
A defeat with much slaughter. 

¢1540 Order in Battayll Bij, After a dystrage, the hoste 
can not sodenely be apte to fyght > for vom and mourn- 


yngs shal let them, 
Distrain (distrztn), v. Forms: 3-6 des- 


treyn(e, 4-6 des-, distrayne, distreyne, (4 
-trene, 4-5 dystreyne, 5 -trayne, 6 -treine), 
5-8 distrein, 6-7 distraine, 6- distrain; Sc. 
4-7 des-, dys-, distrenje, -trinzje. [ME. a. OF. 
destreindre, -aindre ‘to straine, presse, wring, vexe 
extremely, straiten’ (Cotgr.), pres. stem destreign-, 
pa. pple. destreint; =It. distrignere, -stringere 
‘to distraine, distress, pinch, straiten’ (Florio) :— 
L. déstring-ére to draw asunder, stretch out, detain, 
occupy, f. d-, Dis- 1 + stringére to squeeze, draw 
tight. In med.L. and Romanic, the prefix lost its 
sundering force, being prob. confounded with de-, 
and distringére became merely intensive of strin- 
gére, as in mod.It.] 


arising 


¢ 1290 Beket 758 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 128 Non Erchebishop of 
Cc ‘buri nas ei d so, Neso streyned of 
no king (w.. of nothing). (r292 Brrrron 1. xxvii. [xxvi). § x 
Le viscounte face destreyndre les trespasours par avers 
et lour chateus.) a Papers (1841) 86 
Full power and autorite..the same tgnantz and tenantdris 
til distreyn and hald, till all rerages and dettes .. be 
assethid. xg1a Act 4 Hen. VII/, c. 19 $9 For none pay- 
ment therof todestreyn the seid persones so beyng beh 
4 pa 2 goodes and bin y = — ences saree . 142 
To ¢ sommons, istreyne for lacke of ap) ¥ 
all and every ‘Tenant of the sayd Abbot. 1671 r. Prins 
Reg. Necess. 467 He refused to give leave..to distrein the 
Bishop of St. ‘Davids in Parliament time. 1895 Pottock & 
Marrtann Hist. Eng. Law I. 335 After distraining the 
tenant by his chattels, the lord may obtain from his seig- 
norial tri a judgment a mpeg ter to distrain 
tenant by his land. /éid. 11. 574 Observe that [in 
13th c.], when words are correctly used, one does not 
a thing ; one distrains a brea f (fer) a thing. P 
b. with zn. or sudord. clause, expressing the 
re ay Ss Leg. I. 128 Seint thomas londes 
c Beket 748 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 12 t f 
into hond hie men nome, Ase lenin for-to destreynen him 


he scholde, Be Todo bh Ce ee ee 
ie . 

olde, Be yt a may be diswrenzied in his lands, to 

Uses Com. Law 

(1636) 20 Commanding him a “tt rd 

1692) L335 


Sir H. Davenport in Rushw. 

he should d ames 4 to appear 
before the Barons of his Miajes ty’s said Court . 
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Lex, (2 2 184 All such 
as ought to be Knights and are Soe, aball distrained to 
undertake the weapons of Knighthood. 1767 BLAacKSTONE 


a Pe 


if DISTRAIN. 


‘Comm, V1. 135 The widow shall pay nothing for her 
marriage, nor shall be distreined to marry afresh. cet 
Potiock & Maittanp Hist, Eng. Law I. 334 The lord’s 
iest remedy is that of distraining his tenant to perform 
the services that are in arrear. 
ce. In later usage: To levy a distress upon (a 
‘person), in order by the sale of the chattels to 
obtain satisfaction for a debt, particularly for 
arrears of rent. (But the usual construction in this 
sense is fo distrain upon: see8b.) 

r a4 Tucker Lt, Nat. 1. ii. § 9 When’ Squire Peremp- 
tory distrained his tenant for rent perhaps he [etc.]. 
1772 Hist. Rochester 46 Who had been distrained for the 
a of the head of the bridge. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 

) III, 201 A peer of the realm could never be arrested for 
debt ; the law presuming that he had sufficient lands and 
tenements in which he might be distrained. 

8. absol. or intr. To levy a distress. Const. for 
(athing). Originally in order to compel the de- 
faulter, by detention of the thing seized, to pay 
money due or perform an obligation; but in later 
use including the power to obtain satisfaction by 
sale of the chattels. See Distress sé. 3. 

¢ 1350 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 362 3if eny bo pat nymep rente 
of eny tenement in fraunchyse of pe Citee, and his rente 
holleche be by-hynde, ober half oper more and he ne fynde 
for to dystreyne, 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 27 If my wil 
be nat devly executyd in eche part, they to haue pover to dis- 
treyne. 1512 Fanyan W7//in Chron. Pref. 9, I geve full power 
over the said Church Wardeyns..to distreyn within any of 
the foresaid londs and tenements. .and the distres so taken 
to withold and kepe till the said annuytie. . be fully contented 
and paied. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V/I/, c.11 To distreyne for 
the same rentes in the seid Maners. 1552 in Vicary's 
Anat, (1888) App. iii. 152 It shalbe laufull for any offycer 
of the said Cytie to dystreine for the same [yearly rent]. 
1648 Mitton Odserv. Art. Peace Wks. 1738 I. 338 Any, 
seven or more of them, in case of Refractories or Delin- 
quency, may distrain and imprison. 1764 BuRN Poor 
Laws 251 Where power is given to distrain, it seemeth 
reasonable that power should be given to come at the goods. 
1863 Fawcetr Pol. Econ. 1. vii. 237 The landlord had of 
course a legal right to distrain for the rent. 

; b. Const. wgon, on a person or thing. (With 
indirect passive o be distrained upon.) 

1605 Campen Rem. (J.), I will not lend money to my 
superiour, upon whom I cannot distrain for the debt. 1689 
Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 311 He was distreyned upon by 
Cornelius Empson, for Coanay Rates. 1812 Examiner 7 
Sept. 570/2 He was. .threatened. .to be distrained on for the 
assessment and surcharge. 1861 Pearson Early & Mid. 
Ages Eng. xxxiv.(L.), He or his heirs might distrain on them 
ifthis were neglected. 1891 Punch 25 Apr. 195/2 The total 
failure of my last attempt to distrain on the stock of a neigh- 
bouring farmer. 

Jig. a@1658 CLevetanp Gen. Poems, §c. (1677) 2. The 
Airy Freebooter distrains First on the Violet of her Veins, 
Whose Tincture could it be more pure, His ravenous kiss 
had made it blewer. @1678 Marve t (J.), Blood, his rent 
to have regain’d Upon the British diadem distrain’d. 

9. trans. To seize (chattels, etc.) by way of dis- 
tress ; to levy a distress upon. arch. 

153 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. xxvii. (1638) 112 A pound.,. 
to put in beasts that bee distrained. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 
11. ii, 131 My Fathers goods are all distraynd, and sold. 1671 
F. Puttirs Reg. Necess. 490 The Laws or reasonable Cus- 
toms of England will not permit a Horse to be destrained 
when a Man or Woman isriding upon him. a 1713 ELtwoop 
A utobiog. (1714) 66 If you have no Money, you havea good 
Horse under you ; and we can Distrain him for the Charge. 
1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 256 All process whereby "the 
person of any embassador..may be arrested, or his goods 
distreined or seised, shall be utterly null and void. 1848 
Wuarton Law Lex, 186 All chattels and personal effects, 
found upon the premises, may be distrained, whether they 
belong to the tenant or to a stranger. 

+10. Extensions or loose uses of the legal senses. 
a. To deprive (a person) of Gsommething. Obs. 

Bg Parser. 522/1, I distrayne a persone of his lybertye, 
or plucke some thynge from hym that belongeth him. 

+b. To seize, confiscate, annex. Ods. 

rsgt Suaks. 1 Hex. VJ, 1. iii. 61 Here’s Beauford, that 
regards nor God nor King, Hath here distrayn'd the Tower 
to his vse. 1676 Hopses //iad x1. 622, 1 then went his 
Cattle to destrain, And take amends for those he took of 
mine. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. 1. viii. 86 They 
first built a Sconce. .both to secure themselves from sudden 
Attacks or Surprize, as well as to hold what they might dis- 
train from the poor Peasants. 

Hence Distrained ff/. a.; Distrai-ning vd/. sd. 
and ffi. a. 

1380 Wycuir Sel. Wks. III. 302 Stelyng of chartris, and 
es of 3onge eiris. 1530-1 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 12 
If any such person. .distreined appere not at the day and 
place conteyned in suche distresse. 1672-3 Marve. Reh. 
Transp. 1. 244 They reckon there would be little got by 
distraining. 1887 Sfectator 4 June 760/1 To give instant 
warning of the approach of the distraining parties. 1895 Daily 
News 25 Jan. 53. The Judge..has been saying some severe 
things on the subject of distraining bailiffs. 

on, sb. Obs. 

1, =Disrrarnt, 
©1450 Eng. Misc. (Surtees) 59 No distreyn yt is made wt 
in y* sayd Burgage. 

. Restraint, control. 

1531 Latimer Serm. & Renz. (1845) The kings high- 

ness..did decree that all admitted ot ieeaiing ecetd 


[f. prec. vb.] 


throughout all his realm as long as they preached 

well, without distrain of any man. "1598 FLoRio, Distretta, 
a a . an inc 

Distrainable (distrzinab’l), a [a. AF. des- 


treynable = OF? destretgn-, destraignable, f, stem of 
prec. vb. : see -ABLE.] 


531 


1. Liable or subject to distraint ; liable to be dis- 
trained or distrained upon: a. of a person. 

[1292 Britton 1 iii]. § 7 Si troeffe deus pleges suffisauntz 
et destreynables al viscounte del pays.] 1865 NicHots 
Britton 11. 341 It is sufficient to make “the summons in the 
fee where he is distrainable. 

b. of chattels. 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. xvi. 60 His [the King's] 
goodes and cattels are under no tribute, toll, or custome, 
nor otherwise distreignable. 1641 7ermes de la Ley 124 
Else they [beasts] be not distreinable for rent or service. 
1768 Biackstone Comm. III. 7 Instead therefore of men- 
tioning what things are distreinable, it will be easier to 
recount those which are not so. 1889 Law 7imes LXXXII. 
223/2 ‘There were other distrainable goods in the house 
available to satisfy the claim for rent. 

2. Capable of being distrained for, or recovered 
by distress, | 

1791 G. Wasnincton Let. Writ. 1891 XII_76 All the rents 
become due on or before the first day of January in every 
year, and distrainable at the expiration of a certain number 
of days thereafter. 1895 7imes 17 Jan. 14/4 Subject to dis- 
trainable rent. 

+Distrainant. Od% [a. AF. destreynaunt 
= OF. destreignant, pr. pple. of destretndre to 
DIstTRAIN.] = DISTRAINER, 

{1292 Brirron 1. xxviii. [xxvii]. § 17 Devers les chiefs 
seignurs destreynauntz.) 1553 Act 7 Edw. JJ, c. 1 § 11 
The Kings Debts and Duties being first paid, and the 
Distrainant answered of reasonable Costs. 

Distrainee (distrei:nz). [f. Disrratn v. + -EE.] 
One who is distrained. 

1875 Maine //ist, Just. ix. 272 He appeared virtually as 
a plaintiff like the distrainee in our Action of Replevin. 

Distrainer (distré'no1). [f. as prec. +-ER !.] 
One who distrains; = DISTRAINOR. 

1607 Cowe.t Jnterpr. s.v. Distresse, The effect .. is, to 
driue the party distreined to replevie the distresse, and so 
to take his action of trespasse against the distreiner. 1736 
in Jacop Law Dict. (ed. 3). 1863 Mrs. C. Crarke Shaks. 
Char. xiv. 363 Thou mightst have become a distrainer for 
rent, or a surcharger of taxes. 1880 Muirurap CGaztus 
Digest 535 The distrainer had to use certain words of style. 
1893 Law Times XCIV. 600/2 A sheriff’s officer may break 
open outhouses, though a distrainer may not. 

istrainment. [f. as prec.+-MENT.] The 
action or fact of distraining; distraint. 

1756 T. Amory ¥. Buncle (1825) I. 47 As I was ever liable 
to distrainment, I took my leave. 1882 WEEDEN Soc. Lazu 
Labor 151 Many families have been ruined by this distrain- 
ment. 1886 Pall Mall G. 24 Apr. 4/1 The only means of 
enforcing rent is by ejectment, as seizures and distrainments 
cannot be carried out in the district. 

Distrainor (distréi-ng:1).  [f. Disrrain v., 
after AF. destreinor (Year-bks. Edw. I]).] One 
who distrains or levies a distress: a more tech- 
nical form than d¢strazner, and correlative to dis- 
trainee. 

1767 Biackstone Comm. II. 453 If a landlord distreins 
goods for rent, or a parish officer for taxes, these for a time 
are only a pledge in the hands of the distreinors. 1875 
Poste Gaius 1v. $29 In all these cases the distreinor used 
a set form of words. 1875 Maine //ist. Just. ix. 263 The 
impounded beasts, when the pound was uncovered, had to 
be fed by the owner and not by the distrainor. 

Distraint (distrént). [f. Disrrary v., perh. 
after OF. destrainte (13-16th c. in Godef.), des- 
traincte ‘a restraint of libertie’ (Cotgr.), fem. sb. 
from pa. pple.: cf. ConstraintT.] The action of 
distraining (in the legal sense) ; = DISTRESS sd. 3. 

1730-6 in Batrey (folio) 1833 Hr. Martineau Loom & 
Lugger i. vii. 115 There woul a distraint for penalties. 
1869 Daily News 25 Aug., The bailiffs shortly afterwards 
entered the house, and..made a distraint which almost 
stripped it of furniture. 1874 Green Short //ist, viii. § 10. 
571 Payment of taxes..was enforced by distraint. y 
Maine Hist. Just. ix. 262 The distraint of cattle for 
damages still retains a variety of archaic features. 

b. Distraint of knighthood; compulsion to accept 
knighthood (in consequence of tenure of a knight’s 
fee, or an estate worth £20 a year). (See DIsTRAIN 
v. 7b, quot. 1647.) 

1875 Stusss Const. Hist. Il. xv. 281 The distraint of 
knighthood was..a link between the two branches of the 
national force. 

+ Distrai‘t, sé. Oss. [later form of destrait, 
Destrayt, OF. destrett, mod.F. détroit:—L. 
district-um.] @. A natrow passage (of land or 
water); an isthmus or strait; b. a strait or diffi- 
cult situation; ¢. a district. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xiv. vi, [The winds] remysed 
us in to the cruel dystraytis of Eolus. c 1477 — Yason 42b, 
I had leuer to receyue and passe the distrait of dethe. 1562 
i Suute Cambine’s Turk. Wars 7b, If this distraite of y* 
and were cut through, Peloponesso shold be an isle. 

“t, a. [a. F. distrazt (in 16th c. also dzs- 
traict), pa. pple. of distraire to Distract. The form 
distrat appears to connect this with DistRaAct.] 

+1. Distracted in mind ; excessively perplexed or 
troubled. Ods. 

c1374 Cuaucer Boeth. m. pr. viii. 80 Pou shalt ben so destrat 
by aspre binges bat pou shalt forgone sykernesse. 1440 
J. Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 17 The other ladyes.. 
cryyng and wepyng, all distraite made a pitous and 
lamentable noyse. cx4s0 tr. De Imitatione u. i, So 
muche is a man lette and distraite, as binges are drawen to 


him. 
2. Haying the attention distracted from what is 
present ; absent-minded. [from mod.F., and usually 


| 


DISTRAUGHTFUL. 


treated as an alien word (déstrg*, distré) with F. 
fem. distraite (distrg't, distrétt).] 

(1711 Bupcett Sect. No. 77.? 1 One of those Sort of 
Men who are very often absent in Conversation, and what 
the French call a reveur and a distrait] 1748 CuestErr. 
Lett. (1774) 1. cxxxiti. 325, I took care never to be absent or 
distrait, 1771 Mrs. E. Grirritu Lady Barton 1.72 He.. 
sometimes appears gloomy and distrait. 1788 H’alfol- 
jana xiii. 21 Oh, Madam (exclaimed the distrait pre- 
late), he had such a brimstone of a wife! 1824 Byron 
Fuan xvi. xxx, So much distrait was he. 1849 THACKERAY 
Pendennis xxvii, She was very distraite. 1857 Kincstey 
Two ¥. Ago xxvi, She .. tried to make her talk; but 
she was distrait, reserved. 1883 E. Incersout in //arfer’s 
Mag. Feb. 431/2 This knowledge. .kept her distrazt. 

+3. as pa. pple. Torn to pieces, divided. Obs. 

1579 E. K. Gloss. in Spenser's Sheph. Cal. June 25 All 
Italy was distraict into. . Factions. . 

+ Distraminastion. Ods. rare. [f. di-, Dis- 4 
+ L. stramen (stramin-) anything strewn, straw: 
see -ATION.] _Unthatching, stripping of thatch. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 11. x. 141 Two Ancient Reverend 
Men had almost disthatch’d their Faces, and could neither 
of them sue for distraminations. 

Distrammel (distre-mél), v. rare. [D1s- 6.] 
trans. To rid of trammels ; to untrammel. 

1856 R. A. VAUGHAN J/ystics (1860) I. 105 The native soul, 
distrammelled of dim earth, Doth know herself immortal, 
and sits light Upon her temporal perch. 

Distraught (distr9't), pp/.a. arch. Also 4-7 
des-, 5 dys-, 6 distraghte, 7 distrought. 
[modification of Distract ffl. a., L. déstract-us. 

Not of ordinary phonetic origin, but due app. to associa- 
tion with other pa. pples. in -g//, as caught, taught, bought, 
érought, sought, thought, wrought. Perh. more immediately 
influenced by straught, pa. pple. of Stretcu; as the latter 
had also the form strveight, straight, it may be that d7s- 
traught = distreight = Distrait.) 

1. Mentally distracted, by Leing drawn or driven 
in diverse directions or by conflicting emotions; 
deeply agitated or troubled ; = DISTRACTED 4. 

1393 GowER Conf. 1. 218 Wherof his herte is so distraught. 
Ibid. 279 Many a good felawe Hath be destraught by sodein 
chaunce. c1491 Chast. Goddes Chyld. xxvii. 79 Some ben 
so ferforth distraught..that whan they come ayen to hem- 
self it is clene fro her mynde where they left. 1591 SpeNsER 
Ruines of Time 578, 1 in minde remained .. Distraught 
twixt feare and pitie. 1608-11 Br. Hart JJedit. §& Vowes 
1. §92 The worldling standes amazed and distraught with 
the evill. 1610 G. Fretcnrr Christ's 7rt. (1632) 44 With 
present fear, and future grief distraught. 1848 Lytton 
Harold 1, i, Her mind is somewhat distraught with her 
misfortunes, 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades 1.17, I lay awake 
Distraught with warring thoughts. 

2. Driven to madness; mentallyderanged; crazy: 
= DISTRACTED 5. 

rsg2z Suaxs. Rom. & Ful... iii. 49. 1594 — Rich. /1/, 
ur v. 4 And then againe begin, and stop againe, As if thou 
were distraught, and mad with terror. 1598 Stow Surv. 
(1842) 167,/2 One house, wherein sometime were distraught 
and lunatic people, 1652 GauLe J/agastrom. go Fools, 
madmen, melancholy fanatic, distraught. 1828 Scott /. A/. 
Perth xix, ‘Are ye distraught, lassie?’ shouted Dorothy. 
1886 Hatt Caine Son of Hagar i. v, Hugh Ritson rushed 
here and there like a man distraught. 

« tb. Const. of, 7 (wits, senses, etc.). Obs. (In 
senses I and 2. 

1556 Aurelio & [sab. (1608) F, Folkes distraghte of wisdome. 
1583 T. Watson Centurie of Loue \xxxix. (Arb.) 125 Loue 
is distraught of witte, and hath no end. 1653 H. Cocaw tr. 
Pinto’s Trav. viii. 23 Like a man distraught of his wits 
I cast myself at the feet of the Elephant. 1657 Howett 
Londinop. 66 In this place [Bethlem] people that be dis- 
traught in their wits. . 5 

+3. Zit. Pulled asunder, drawn in different direc- 
tions. (Spenserian use.) Ods. : 

1596 Spenser /, Q. tv. vii. 31 [An arrow] in his nape arriv- 
ing, through it thrild His greedy throte, therewith in two 
distraught. /ééd. v. v. 2 A Camis..Trayled with ribbands 
diversly distraught. 1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph., 
Distraught, drawne into diuers parts. 1642 H. More Song 
of Soul u. ii. 1. x, By distrought distension. 

4. As fa. pple. of DistRact, or DISTRAUGHT v. 

1581 Pettit Guazzo’s Civ. Conv, 1.(1586) 40b, [They] have 
bene distraught of their right understanding. 1625 K. Lonc 
tr. Barclay’s Argenis .xxi. 139 What fury. .hath distraught 
you of your wits? 1816 Soutney Lay of Laureate Epil. 2 
Have fanatic dreams distraught his sense ? 

+ Di u'ght, 5b. Obs. rare. [f. prec.] = Dis- 
TRACTION. 

1610 Row.anns Martin Mark-all 31 They wil bring you 
out of the way, through distraught and feare. 

+ Distrau‘ght, v. Oés. [Improperly used as 
a variant of DisTRAcT v., on the analogy of dis- 
traught and distract ppl. adjs.]_ = D1sTRact v. 

1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 59 There never 
happenid any on thinge..that did ever disorder and dis- 
traute the power of my mynde so mutche. 1593 NasHE 
Christ's T. (1613) 44 The zeale of thee ra 9 eee me, 

+ Distraughted, //. 2. Obs. [Altered from 
DisTRACTED: see prec.] = DISTRACTED. 

1572 R. H. tr, Lauaterus’ Ghostes (1596) 10 In those men, 
which be .. distraughted of their wittes. 1596 SPENSER 
Hymn Heavenly Beauty 14 That immortall beautie .. 

hich in my weake distraughted mynd I see. 1603 
Kyoites //ist. Turks (1621) 41 His base determination 
-.all wondering at, as proceeding from a distraughted 


minde. 
+Distraughtfal, 2. Os. rare. [see prec.] 
By-form of DisrRacrFuL. 
1594 and Rep. Faustus in Thoms Prose Rom, (1858) 111. 
318 Ina distraughtful fi tes 
ere 


ury. 


DISTRAUGHTNESS. 


+Distrau'ghtness. 0¢s.rare. [f. DISTRAUGHT. 
@.+-NESS.] Distractedness, distraction. 
Pav Newton Lemmnie’s Complex. (1633) 30 Hence pro- 
eth. .roving dotage, and distraughtnesse of right wits. 
+ Distrau'ghture. 00s. rare—*. [See Dis- 
TRAUGHTED.] By-form of DisrRacruRE, distrac- 
tion. 
1594 2d Rep. Faustus in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) II. 
317 Which were witnesses of his distraughture. 
[f. d-, 


+ Distrea‘m, v. poetic. Obs. rare. 
Dis- 1+ Stream v.] znér. To flow away ina stream; 
to stream down or away. Hence Distrea‘ming 


ppl. a. ; 

1630 Bratuwair Eng. Gentlen. (1641) 226 Let the dole- 
full ‘remembrance thereof produce torrents of teares from 
your distreaming eyes. ¢1750 SHENSTONE Elegies xv. 4 A 
swelling tear distream’d from ev'ry eye. /bid. xix. 71 O’er 
that virtuous blush distreams a tear. 

[Dis- 7 a.] 


+ Distrea‘sure, v. Ods. rare. 
trans. To despoil of a treasure. ; 

1640 Quartes Enchirid. wv. xxi, Distreasure him of his 
ill-got Wealth. 

+ Distree’, v. Ods. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a] 
trans. To deprive or strip of trees. 

a 1638 Meve Disc. Yosh. xxiv. 26 Wks. (1672) 1. 68 Of 
some of the Proseucha’s they cut down the Trees .. Mark 
here, They dis-tree'd the Proseucha’s. 

Distrein(e, obs. forms of DisTRAIN. 

+ Distre‘mpe, v. Ods. rare—°. To distemper. 

c1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. (1852) 941 To dis- 
trempe, destrempér. 

Distress (distre's), s?. Forms: 3-6 destresse, 
4-7 distresse, (4 destres, 4-7 distres, 5 dis- 
tryss(e, 5-6 dystresse, 6 dystres), 7— distress. 
[ME. a. OF. destrece, -stresce, -stresse:—late pop. 
L. *districtia, £. district-us, pa. pple. of distringére 
to Distrain like angustia from angustus) ; dis- 
tress is the fact of distraining or condition of being 
distrained, in the various senses of the vb.] 

I. +1. The action or fact of straining or pressing 
tightly, strain, stress, pressure ; fig. pressure em- 
ployed to produce action, constraint, compulsion ; 
less usually, pressure applied to prevent action, 
restraint. Ods. exc. in dal. (in which the primary 
sense 1s still used.) 

13.. Cursor M. 28360 (Cott.) And i, prest, funden vte 
of distresse, In dedly sin has sungen messe. ¢% Cuav- 
cer /f. Fame i. 497 This Eolus with harde grace helde 
the wyndes in distresse And gan hem vnder him to presse. 
1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 361 He shewep wipoute dys- 
tresse, weiper he be of fraunchyse ober ne be, and be of 
towne. c1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 79 Swathe a tender 
vyne in bondes softe: Ffor bonde to hardde wol holde it 
in distresse. c1450 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 52 God 
I take to wittnes That I doe this by destresse. 1481 Cax- 
ton Myrr. u. xxii. 114 The ayer that is shette fast within, 
the whiche is enclosed in grete distresse. SPENSER 
F. Q. 1. i. 32 In wastfull wildernesse .. by which no living 
wight May euer pass, but thorough great distresse. [1876 
Survey Provincialisms, Distress, strain, e.g. ‘Slacken 
they there ropes before you go, and then there won't be no 
distress on the [rick-]cloth’. 1879 Miss Jackson Shrofshs 
Word-bk., Distress, strain; stress; application of force. 
*Theer wunna be no distress on that theer ‘edge tin [=till] 
after ‘arvest.’] 

+b. The overpowering pressure of some adverse 
force, as anger, hunger, bad weather; stress (of 
weather, etc.). Ods. 

a5 Sere he Chas. Gt. 187 By destresse of angre he took 
a staffe for to smyte the messager. 1486 Bk. St. Albans 
Cjb, In grete destresse of hungre. 1568 Grarton Chron. 
II. 87, Driven by distresse of weather about the partes of 
Austria. 1588 Greene Pandosto (1607) 43, 1 was sayling, 
and by distresse of weather, I was driuen into these coasts. 
1793 Smeaton Edystone L. Contents 10, Driven westward, 
by distress of weather. Jéid. 12 Without any distress of 
weather, the Buss got loose. 

2. The sore pressure or strain of adversity, trou- 
ble, sickness, pain, or sorrow ; anguish or affliction 
affecting the body, spirit, or community. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 460 Pe kyng, pat so defended 

ym, as in such destresse. c¢1 . Brunne Chron, 

‘ace Sols) 3472 Pan were bey bobe in hard destres. 
cx HAUCER L. G. W. 664 Cleopatra, To egipt is sche 
fled for dred & for destresse. ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 4997 Peyne 
and Distresse, Syknesse and Ire, and Malencoly .. Ben of 
hir my senatours. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) Iv. 
XX. 3 e knoweth my comforteles dystresse. 1600 SHAKs. 
A. Y. L, u. vii. go Art thou thus bolden’d man by thy 
distres? 16x1 Lise 1 Aug i. 29 As the Lord liveth, that 
hath redeemed my soule out of all distresse. eg Be. 
Hatt Rem, Wks, (1660) 2 Being in great distress of Con- 
science, 1667 Mitton P. ZL. xu, 613 With sorrow and 
hearts distress Wearied I fell asleep. 1818 Jas. Mitt 
Brit. India il. v. viii. 627 The Company's finances 
always in distress. 1853 J. i. Newman //ist, Sk. (1873) 
Il. 1. iii, 252 This event .. filled him with utmost 
distress and despondency. 1867 Dickens Let? (x880) II. 
273 There is great distress here among the 


* 


poor. 
. with a and f/. A sore trouble, a misfortune 
or calamity that presses hardly; esp. in /. straits, 
distressing or strained circumstances. 
, 1549 Covernate, etc. Erasm. Par., Rom, viii. (R.), That 
in all our distresses we may boldly speake vnto God. 
1588 (¢i¢/e), Copie of a Letter sent out of England to Don 
Bernardin Mendoza. .Whereunto are adioyned certaine late 
Advertisements, concerning the losses and distresses hap- 
pened to the Spanish Navie. 1605 Suaxs, M/acé. 1. iii. 188. 
1659 Lb. Hargis Parival’s [ron Age 285 So many storms, 


532 


that both men, and horses felt excessive distresses. 

Woop Ath. O.xon. Il. 53 His distresses made him stoop so 

low as to be an Abcdarian, 1783 Burke Sf. on E. India 
in; distresses of 


Bill Wks. TV. 129 Want of g for the 
yee 1842 Trexnyson Dora 47 Then distresses came 
on him. 


ce. Naut. ‘A term used when a ship requires im- 
mediate assistance from unlooked-for damage or 
danger’ (Smyth Sazlor’s Word-bh.). 

1659 D. Pett Jmpr. Sea - Firing of ng Phe is 
commonly a signal of that ships distress that i 
Dampier Voy. I. 394 Any Ship in distress may be refresh 
and recruited here. 1726 Suetvockxe Voy. round World 
(1757) 320, I returned to our ships again, and made signals 
of distress. 1745 P. Tuomas $¥rul. Anson's Voy. 156 They 
fired four Guns as Signals of Distress. 1839 Loner. Wreck 
of Hesp. xi, Some ship in distress, that cannot live In such 
an angry sea! ae 

d. ‘Distressed’ or exhausted condition under 
extreme physical strain. (Also fig.) 

1861 A. Trottore La Beata 1. 162 (Hoppe) The lady 
arrives at the top [of the stairs] with hg Mimo: signs of 
‘distress’ in wind and limb., 1887 H. D. ‘Trait in Macm. 
Mag. July 177/1 Their patience, which is already showing 
manifest signs of distress, will be completely ‘ pumped’ before 


long. 
Il. Law. : 

8. The action of distraining; the legal seizure 
and detention of a chattel, originally for the pur- 
pose of thereby constraining the owner to pay 
money owed by him or to make satisfaction for 
some wrong done by him, or to do some other act 
(e.g. to appear in court); according to later prac- 
tice, in order that out of the proceeds of its sale 
(if not redeemed within a fixed period) satisfaction 
may be obtained of some debt or claim, now, 


especially, for rent unpaid. 

c1290 Beket 761 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 128 On me nast pu power 
non swychdestresse for-todo. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron.(1810) 
186 And neuer porgh no destresse suld clayme ber of no right. 
1543 tr. Act 51 Hen, ui. (1266) De Destrictrone Scaccarit 
(Berthelet), And if he brynge the tayle of any shyriffe or 
baylyffe, of payment made to them of the thyng demaunded 
.. then the distresse shal sease. 
(1636) 135 Distresse is a taking of chattels..found upon the 
same land. .for satisfaction of arerages. 1614 RALEIGH //ist. 
World . (1634) 113 The Phocians not meaning so to lose 
their Rent, made a distresse by strong hand. 1768 Biack- 
stone Comm. III. 6 A distress. .the taking of a personal 
chattel out of the possession of the wrongdoer into the 
custody of the party injured, to procure a satisfaction for 
the wrong committed. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 46 The 
squire .. took the earliest opportunity of st on his 
remaining property in the mode of a distress for rent. 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 299 A right to enter on the 
lands, to seize the cattle and other personal chattels found 
there, and to sell them for payment of the rent; which is 
called a distress. 1836 Dickens S&. Bos v, I put ina good 
many distresses in my time (continued Mr. Bung). 1875, 
Maine /ist. Znst. ix. 250 The branch of the law which we 
new call the Law of Distress. 


b. Double, Grand, Finite, Infinite, Personal, 


Real Distress: see quots. 

1641 Termes de la Ley 125 Distresse ..is divided first 
into finite and infinite, finite is that which is limited by Law, 
how often it shall bee made to bring the party to tryall of 
the action, as once or twice. Distresse infinite is without 
limitation untill the party comes, as against a Jurie that 
refuseth to appeare upon Certificate of assise. 1670 BLount 
Law Dict., Distress Personal is made by distreining a Mans 
movable Goods .. Distress Real is made upon immovable 
Goods .. A Grand Distress is that which is made of all 
the Goods and Chattels that the party hath within the 
County. 1768 Brackstone Comm. III. 231 A distress .. 
that has no bounds with regard to it’s quantity, and may 
be repeated from time to time, until the stubbornness of 
the party is conquered, is called a distress infinite. 1861 
Ws Bact Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Double Distress, Where 
arrestments have been used by two or more creditors, in 
order to attach the funds of their debtor in the hands of 
a third party, such arrestments constitute what is called 
double distress. ; _ 

+e. The right or power of distraining, the 
seigniory of a district. Ods. rare. 

[z292 Brion vi. iv. § 12 Si celi garraunt ne soit mie en 
la destresce le viscounte de cel pays. ¢. If the warrant is 
not situated within the distress (=district) of the sheriff of 
that country.) @1658 CLevetanp Austic Rampant Wks. 
(1687) 459 The other Growtnolls of the Neighbourhood, 
subject to the Distress, or Seigniory of Saint Albans. 

4. The chattel or chattels seized by this process. 

[xa92 Britton 1. xxviii. § 2 Pur ge bestes et autres des- 
tresces ne soint mie trop loungement detenues enparkez.) 
xq1x Z. E. Wills (1882) 20 'Takynge a distresse in defawte 
of payment, 11a Act Hen. V1/1, c. 11 1f .. no distresse 
subiclent there can be founde. 1568 Grarton Chron, II. 
128 It was agreed ., that the distresses taken for the same 
should be restored, and if any were perished by keping, 
then the Abbot to make them |. Termes de la 
Le} 124 Distresse is the thing which is taken and distrained 
upon any land for rent behinde, or other duty, or for hurt 
done. 1700 Tyrrect “Hist. Eng. 11. 1109 Neither the 
Beasts nor any other Distress..shall be sold. .within fifteen 
days. 1886 Repman & Lyon Law Landlord & T. (ed. 
238 ‘he Landlord acquires no property in the distress, an 
it is an abuse of his power if he use the distress, except in 
the case of milch cows, which may be milked. 

+b. Old Law of Scotl.: see quots. Obs. 

1456 Sc. Acts Fas. 11, c Item bof. ae! stalls. .of y* 
quhilke yai haif use to tak y° distress for the continuacione 
of y’ fare The quhilk distresses air to be deliueryt agane at 
the court of y° layr gif y° persone has done na defalt nor 
distrubling in y® fayr. 1710 Sr View of Feudal 
Law s.v., Distresses were pledges en by the Sheriff 


1613 Sir H. Fincn Law | 


_Manip.85 To Distresse, distr 


and Comé., as distress-gun, 
-rocket, signals of a ship in distress; distress- - 
sale,a sale of distrained goods; distress-warrant, 
a warrant authorizing a distress. 
1823 Joanna Baiiure Poems 199 The drear distress-gun 
emor 


moaning. 1826 Sypney SmitH (1855) II. 272 We 
hear nothing here but of distress bazaars the high price 
of hay. 1868 Lowett Dryden Pr. Wks. 1 Il. 139 
Distress-rockets sent up at intervals from a just about 
tofounder, 1883 Pal/ Mail G. 5 Apr. 10/1 This meeting 
desires to call public attention to the exaction of extra- 
ordinary tithes by the distress sale effected this day. 1888 
Union. Signal (Chicago) 5 Apr., The number of distress 
and dis warrants 


x Pall Mall G. 
‘one the 


possessory 
13 Oct. 4/3 The boat was launched after 


vessel showed distress flares. 

Distress (distre’s), v. a. ¢. and pa. fple. 
distressed; also distrest. [a. AF. destresse-r 
(Statutes of Edw. III) =OF. destresser, orig. des- 
trecier:—late L. dtstrictidre, f. district-us: see 
prec. (See also senses 5 and 6.)] 

1. trans. To subject to severe strain or pressure 
(physical, financial, or other) ; to put to sore straits, 
to embarrass ; now es/. to afflict or exhaust, as 
painful exertion which puts a severe strain upon 
the physical powers. 


13.. FE. E. Allit. P. B. 880 pay probled & prong & prwe 
vmbe his erez, & distresed ol wonder strayt with strenkpbe 
in the prece. 1483 Cath. Angl. 102/1 To Distresse ; vdi 


to Stresse [To Stresse, distringere]. 1 Patscr. 522/2, 
I distresse, | put a thynge to an utter e to trye whether 
it wyll holde, or endure, or not, ye destraigns. 1570 Levins 
a ey 1 . Proctor Gorg. 
Gallery, Pyramus & Thisbie, Distrest with woodlike rage, 
the words he out abrade. 1600 E. Biounrt tr. Cones: io 
30 Seeing his souldiors distressed for water, he 
them to je and refresh themselves. 1611 Biste 2 Cor. 
iv. 8 Wee are troubled on euery side, yet not di 
[1881 R. V. straitened). 166 aoe ae ee Mu. iii. 
(1682) 38 Being sufficiently dist Avocations of 
several sorts. 1714 Swirt Pres. St. Affairs Wks. 1755 II. 
1. 209 [The ministry] have been frequently deserted or dis- 
tressed upon the most pressing occasions. 1771 GoLpsM. 
Hist. Eng. 11. 228 The. .servants of the crown. .distressed 
their private fortunes to gratify their sovereign. 1791 ‘G. 
Gampavo, Ann. Horsem. xii. (1809) 113 But Looby [race- 
horse] being distrest by the severity of this, and the first 
heat, was forc'd to submit to his adversary. . by half a neck. 
1825 Mrs. SHerwoop O/d Times 1. (Houlston Tracts I. 
No. 24. 10) Does he not often distress himself in order to 
pay a good round sum to have him ly instructed ? 
1868 Dickens Lett. (1880) II. 339 railway jou' 
distress me — 1886 Times 5 Apr. 7/2 Several of t 
oarsmen were fearfully distressed. 
b. transf.andfig. — . 

1721 Perry D. Breach 7 Sullage .. carry'd out 
without the Mouth of the Thames - . there subsides .. and 
distresses the Entrance into the Port. Jéid. 20 The.. 
Inconveniences which distress that Port. 1794 Gopwin 
Cal. Williams 25,1 have seen..too many pastoral ditties 
distressed in lack of a meaning. 


1489 Caxton ~— of A. 1. viii. 21, Men ynoughe for to 


dystresse bothe hym and his grete oost. Fanyan 
Chron. w. \xxi. 50 [He] was purposed to have frayed with 
the sayd Maximus, and to haue distressed h Ibid. v. 
Ixxix. gaue to y* 


Frenschmen 
warde, so that they were distressyd. 1 
II. 1308 At the length the rebels were distressed, taken and 
executed, 1630 X. Yohnson's Kis & Commw. 245 The 
Deke sf Sa ioe tl Fey aoe = " “= 

rmic, a0 SSHER AA, V1. (1 2 uthe passing t} 
River, quickly distressed and routed then. Sreeve 
Tatler No. 29 ® 3 Taking her as we do Towns npn | 
distressing the Place. 1727 A. Hamitton New Ace. E, Ind. 
I. xii. 137 The Portugueze large Cannon from their Walls 
disturbed and distrest hisCamp, 1796 Morse Amer. on. 
I. 290 Anson, with a squadron of ships .. distressed 
Spanish settlements on the western shore of America. 

8. To constrain by force or infliction of suffering 
(to doa thing, into, out of something). 

a 1400-50 Alexander 2781, I am y di bis 
dede for to wirke. 1727 A. Hamitvon New Acc. £. Ind. 
I. ii. 18 They could have easily distressed the Boats Crews 
out of the Woods. 1742 Younc Né. 7%. 1. Pref. (1787) gs 
Yet is it an error into which bad men 4 tually 
distressed, 1788 A. Hamitton Federalist (\ ebster, 1828), 
Men who can neither be distressed nor won into a sacrifice 
of duty. 1829 W. Irvinc Granada 1. vi. 53 Muley Aben 
Hassan .. attempted to distress it [the city) Into terms, by 
turning the channel of the river which runs by its walls. 

4. To cause pain, suffering, agony, or anxiety to; 
to afflict, vex, make miserable. Now chiefly r¢f. 
or fassive: cf, DisTRESSED ffi. a. 

1586 [see Distressep.] 161% Biste 2 Sam, i. Tam 
distressed for thee, my brother Ionathan, very 
hast thou beene vnto me, 1641 J. Jackson 77ue Evang. 
7.1.77 We must not vexe Ives .. nor di 
with bootlesse problemes. 1748 Mippteton Cicero I. 1x, 
ltd ad Sf mesaere: distressing him, 1800 Mrs. 

ervey Mourtray Fam. 111. 205 ‘ we ..said she, a 
ing..‘why distress me thus?’ ‘ORBES eM 
> Jan. 235 The Emperor had asked where he was n 
a satisfactory answer, whereat honest Bazaine was sore dis- 
tressed. od. The tone of your letter 
Do not distress yourself about the 


+B. ‘To rob (of baggage, et.) Ee plendes, es 
. To rob ( $ > 
Derruss, Disrruss. Ods. ; 


DISTRESSED. 


(App. repr. OF. destrousser, perh. confounded with des- 
troisser = destresser.) 

1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iv. 116 All they..that 
bare ony vytaylles, they were dystressed by theym [tous 
ceulx q’ portoient viures estoient destroussey]. 7d. He was 
..dystressed of suche vytaylles ashe hadde. 1546 S¢. Papers 
Hen. VIII, X1. 17 Our men distressed almost all their 
victualles. 1568 Grarron Chron, 11. 373 [He] set upon 
them, and distressed them and their shippes and so brought 
them into dyverse Partes. _ . . 

6. ‘To levy a distress upon, subject to a distress- 
warrant ; = DIsTRAIN z. 7. 

[Quot. 1440 may be in sense 1: in the later quots. the vb. 
seems to be a deriv. of the sb.] 

1440 Yacob’s Well iv. 28 Alle po lay-men, bat..ony 
swych clerk arestyn, ‘or dystressin, or enprisoun wrongfully. 
1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 78 ‘The distres (or gudes poynded) 
sall remaine in the possession of the complainer, yntil it be 
discussed, quhither he is lawfullie or vnlawfullie distressed. 
t707 J. Jounson Clergym. Vade M. 248 Quakers, who are 
liable to be distress'd. 1771 Smotietr // mph. Cl. (1815) 
14, I will not begin at this time of day to distress my 
tenants, because they are unfortunate, and cannot make 
regular payments. 1823 Blackw. Mag. 703 His penerons 
chief distresses him to the very blankets on his bed. 

absol. 1811 Monthly Mag. XXXIV. 596 He..replied that 
the landlord might distress for the rent. 

Hence Distre‘ssing vd/. sd. 

1599 Minsueu, A distressing, africtamiento. 1603 KNOLLES 
Hist. Turks (1638) 28 He put to sea a huge fleet. .for the 
distressing of the sea towns. 1633 P. FLetcHer Purple /s/. 
mt, xix, So when a tyrant raves, his subjects pressing, His 
gaining is their losse, his treasure their distressing. 

Distressed (<istre’st, poet. -eséd), ppl. a. Also 
6-9 distrest. [f. prec. + -ED1].] Afflicted with 
pain or trouble; sorely troubled ; in sore straits. 

1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1v. 219 Bitter teares, 
which copiouslie. . fell from my distressed eies. 1597 HookER 
Eccl. Pol. v. \xvii. § 12 That poore distressed woman 
commyng vnto Christ. 160r Cornwattyes Disc. Seneca 
(1631) 43 To heare the distresseds petitions. 1632 Lirucow 
Trav. u. 51 Giving comfort to our distressed bodies. 1719 
De For Crusoe (1840) II. ii. 32 This distressed ship's crew. 
1739 Butter Sev. Wks. 1874 II. 64 We .. compassionate 
the distressed. 1838 THirtwatt Greece LV. 311 His distrest 
countrymen. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. vi. (1880) 89 
Invitations to the distressed Flemish artizans to come over 
and settle in England. 

b. Of actions or conditions: Pertaining to or 
showing distress; in straits, sorely straitened. 

¢1592 Bacon Confer. Pleasure (1870) 22 Consider how 
benigne eare and correspondence she gaue to the distressed 
requestes of that king. 1625-49 Declar. of Chas. I, App. in 
Rushw. Hist. Cof?. (1659) I. 1 The distressed extremities of 
Our dearest Uncle the King of Denmark. 1754 Mrs. 
Devany Let. to Mrs. Dewes 16 May, It would be unkind 
in me to leave her in the distrest way she is in. 1785 
J. Truster Modern Times 1. 168 Their poverty and dis- 
tressed situation. 

Distressedly (distre'sédli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY2.] In a distressed or sorely troubled manner. 

1890 Temple Bar Mag. Aug. 466 Her poor wandering 
brain is still distressedly labouring. 1893 Gocisnce Dic- 
tator 1. 178 Hamilton began distressedly. 1894 Zemple 
Bar Mag. Cl. 199 Emma is distressedly silent. 

Distre‘ssedness. [f. as prec.+-Nnuss.] The 
quality or condition of being distressed ; distress. 

1592 WyrLey Armorte 154 For fellowes many in distressed- 
nes Is to the 7 much rel 1617 Hirron 
Wks. 11. 380 Those extraordinary fits of distressednesse, 
with which God is pleased to exercise some of His. 1625 
Sanverson Serm. I, 133 Compassion to the poverty or 
distressedness of any, 

Distre'sser. 
who distresses, 

1617 AinswortH Avnot. Ps. xxiii. 5 Thou fournishest before 
me, a table, in presence of my distressers, — Annot. Pentat. 
Gen, xiv. 20 Enemies or Distressers. 

Distre‘ssful, a. [f. Disrress sd. +-ru.] Full 
of or attended with distress. (A literary and chiefly 
poetical word ; uot colloquial.) 

1. Fraught with, causing, or involving distress ; 
distressing ; painful. 

159 Suaks. 1 Hen. VI, v. iv. 126 To ease your Countrie 
of distressefull Warre. 1604 — O/¢A, 1. iii. 157 Of some 
distressefull stroke That my youth suffer’d. 1750 JoHNsoN 
Rambler No. 78 ® 5 What is above all distressful and 
alarming, the final sentence. 1820 Scorespy Acc. Arctic 
Reg. Il. 207 Night, a tempestuous sea, and crowded ice, 
must probably produce as high a degree of horror in the 
mind of the navigator, who is. .subjected to their distressful 
influence, as any. 1860 J. P. Kennepy Horse Shoe R. xix. 
228 Subjects o distressful uncertainty. 

+b. Attended with distress, gained by severe 
toil. Obs. rare. 

1599 SHaks. Hen, V, w. i. 287 Who with a body fill’d 
and vacant mind, Gets him to rest, cram’d with distressefull 


[f. Distress v. + -ER1.] One 


2. Of persons, their actions, state, etc.; Full of 
distress ; marked by or indicating distress or suffer- 
ing; in great distress, sorely distressed. 

160r Munpay, etc. Downfall Earl of Huntington I. iv b, 
Looke if you see not a distresseful man, That to himselfe 
intendeth violence. 1715-20 Porr /éiad xvi. 293 Wide 
The field re-echo’d the distressful sound. 178 Rowers 

* Conversation 116 Fix on the waistcoat a distressful stare. 
1868 Brownine King & Bk. 1x. At a safe distance, both 
distressful watch. 1883 Fortn. Rev. June 873 The most 
distressful districts lie in the west. 

istre's: , adv. [f. prec. + -Ly?.] In 
a distressful manner ; in sore distress; distressedly. 

3593 NAsue Christ's 7. (1613) 44 Distressefully am I 

diuided from thee. 161 CotGr., Miserablement, miserably, 


533 


DISTRIBUTE. 


wretchedly’;. distressefully. 1773 Jouxson Let. #0 Mrs. | 2, To spread or disperse abroad through a whole 


Thrale 17 June, I am distressfully and frightfully deaf. 1879 
G. Merepitn £goist III. xiii. 284 Laetitia distressfully 
scribbled a line. .to deliver to him. 

Distre'ssfulness. [f. as prec. + -Ness.] The 
quality of being distressful ; painfulness. 

1890 Sat. Rev. 23 Aug. ¢42/1 We cannot but smile a little 
at the vehemence of the actions..at the truly English 
distressfulness of the manner of taking amusement. 

Distre’ssing, ///. a. [f. Distress v. + 
-ING*.] That distresses or causes distress; see the 
verb. 

¢ 15886 C’rEss Pemproke Ps. Lx. vi, Against distressing foes 
Let us thy succour finde. 1719 De For Crusoe (L.), Under 
these distressing circumstances what could I do? a@ 1859 
Macautay //ist. Eng. (1861) V. 228 The heat ofa distressing 
midsummer day, 

Distressingly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly%.] In 
a distressing manner ; distressfully, painfully. 

1786 Miss Crayton in J/7s. Delany's Corr. Ser. u. III. 
411 It was serious, but not distressingly so. 1865 Livinc- 
stone Zambesi xx. 408 Our progress up was distressingly 
slow. 1870 Proctor Other Worlds vii. 170 Prolonged and 
bitter frosts, contrasting so distressingly with the imagined 
geniality of his summer weather. : 

Distrest, var. distressed, pa. t. and pple. of Dis- 
TRESS v. 

Distreyne, obs. form of DisTRAIN v. 

+ Distri‘bue, v. Ods. [a. F. distrtbue-r, ad. 
L. distribu-cre to DISTRIBUTE.] = DISTRIBUTE. 

©1477 Caxton Yason 70b, Only for to haue distribued 
this so noble a londe. 1483 — Cato E ij b, I counceyl the.. 
that thou ne gyue ne distrybue thy goodes to thy children. 

Distri‘buend. [ad. L. dtstrébuend-um, neut. 
of distribuend-us ‘ to be distributed’, gerundive of 
distribuére.| That which is to be distributed. 

1874 Sincwick Meth, Ethics xi. 330 The social distribuend 
includes not merely the means of obtaining pleasurable 
passive feelings. 

Distribulance, var. DistRouBLANCE. Ods. 

Distributable (distri:biztab'l), 2. Also 7 
sible. [f. Disrr1BUTE v. + -ABLE.] Capable of 
being distributed ; see the verb. 


1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 10 Words .. significative .. of | 


the parts of the whole distributible. 1655 Futter Ch. /Tis?. 
x1. vii. § 99 The money gathered at the offertory, distribut- 
able by the English Liturgy tothe poor alone. 1823 J. Bap- 
cock Dom. Amusent. 161 Imparting the full amount of the 
distributable carbon to the oxygen of the atmosphere. 
1827 WHaTtELY Logic i. § 5 note, He might have said that in 
piss § a proposition as the above the predicate is distributable, 
but not that it is actually distributed. — 

Distributary (distri‘bivtari), a and sé. [f. 
L. ppl. stem distrzbit- (see DISTRIBUTE v.) + -ARY.] 

A. adj. +1. Distinct, several. Ods. 

xs4t R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., For howe 
many distributary intencyons were they created ? ae 

2. Distributive; ‘that distributes, or is distri- 
buted’ (Worcester). 

1846 WorcEsTER cites WILLIAMS. 5 ; 

. sb. Something whose function is to dis- 
tribute ; applied to branch canals distributing water 
from a main one, (Cf. ¢rzbutary.) 

1886 J. T. WHEELER /udia under Brit. Rule 1753 The 
Ganges canal..runs along the Doab.. throwing out dis- 
tributaries at intervals. 1891 Cornh. Mag. May 553 ‘The 
great canal, of which the small channel. .was a distributary. 

+ Distri‘bute, fc. pple. Obs. Also -ut. 
[ad. L. déstribiit-us, pa. pple. of déstribucre : sce 
next.] Distributed (of which it was prob. at length 


regarded as a contracted form). 

1434 Z. E. Wills (1882) 99 To be distribute among pore- 
folk. 1538 Starkey /xgland 11. ii. 183 By them al byschop- 
rykys and al hye offyce of dygnyte schold be dystrybut. 
1552 App. Hamitton Catech. (2584) 98 To be distrubit [? dis- 
tribut]tothaim self. 1562 W7lds & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 
203 Sex pounds thirteyne shillings forpence to be distribute 
emongst ye poore of the parishe. 

Distribute (distri-bizt), v. Also 5-8 des-, 6 
dys-; 5-6 Za. ¢. and ffle. distribut. [f. L. dzs- 
tribiit- ppl. stem of distrébudre, f, Dis- 1, in various 
directions + ¢ribucre to assign, grant, deliver. ] 

1. trans. To deal out or bestow in portions or 
shares among a number of recipients; to allot or 
apportion as his share to each person of a number. 

1460 Carcrave Chron. 32 Josue..disposed and distribut 
the lond of behest to the puple. 
176 There he abode thre dayes in.departyng & destrybut- 
yng the goodes. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 30a, ‘To 
distribut in almes to an hundred poore men an hundred 
pence, 1613 Suaxs. //en. VII, v. iv. 20 As much [beating] 
as one sound Cudgell of foure foote .. could distribute, 1 
made no spare Sir. 1736 Butter Azad. 1. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 
60 Happiness and misery..may sometimes be distributed 
by way of mere discipline. 1840 Hoop Up Rhine 37 Pray 
distribute my kindest regards amongst all friends. 1855 
Macautay Hist. Eng. III. 546 The doctrine generally 
received..was that it was shameful to receive bribes, but 
that it was necessary to distribute them. 

absol, 1526-34 TINDALE 1 Cor. vii. 17 But even as God 
hath distributed to every man ..so let him walke. 1611 
Biste Rom. xii, 13 Distributing to the necessity of Saints. 

+b. To dispense, administer (justice, etc.). Ods. 

1607 Suaxs. Cor, u1, iii. 99 Not in the presence of dreaded 
Foe but on the Ministers That doth distribute it. 1698 

‘roceR Voy. 125 The Power of distributing Justice is 
vested in him. 1746 Jortin Chr. Relig. iii. (R. , He will 
distribute r ds and punish to all, proportionably 
to their behaviour in the days of their mortality. 


1485 Caxton Chas. Gt.’ 


space or over a whole surface; properly, so that 
each part of the space or surface receives a por- 
tion; less definitely, to spread generally, scatter. 
(In fass. often with reference merely to situation, 
with no idea of motion : cf. diffused, dispersed.) 
ergir 1st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 33/1 They shall 
be dyeedbuted or parted thorough all the world. 1615 
J. Steruens Satyr”. Ess. 229 A Spend-thrift .. will promise 
much and meane nothing: for he distributes his words as 
commonly as Printers. 1620 VEeNNER Via Recta vii. 109 
‘Those that are of a soft substance, are easily digested, and 
distributed. 1736 Nature Display’d III. 431 This subtle 
and active Element [fire] is distributed in great Abundance 
all round the Earth. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts III. 657 
(Printing Machine) ‘he mechanism for supplying the ink, 
and distributing it over the form. 1889 A. K. WaLtacr 
Darwinism 340 Mammalia may be said to Le universally 
distributed over the globe. 1890 WormELL Electr. in 
Serv. Man 49 On [non-spherical] shapes electricity is not 
uniformly distributed. 
b. Said of the ramification of vessels, pipes, etc. 

1659 ule. Errors Censured 32 Nerves .. divided into .. 
Filaments, distributed after a most exact order throughout 
the whole Body. 1804 ABeRNetHy Surg. Ods, 20 The 
vessels are distributed in their usual arborescent manner. 
1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. //ygiene (ed. 3) 15 Water should 
be distributed not only to every house, but to every floor. 

3. To divide (a whole or collective body) into 
parts having distinct characters or functions ; to 
divide and arrange. : 

1553 Even 7yeat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 25 He hath in his 
courte twelue thousand horsemen, whiche. .distribute their 
wayting dayes after this order. 16x iwi 2 Chron. xxiii. 
18 ‘The Leuites, whom Dauid had distributed in the house 
of the Lord, to offer the burnt offrings of the Lord. 1643 
5 Fears Fas. [ in Select. Hart. Misc. (1793) 311, 1 will 
break and distribute the proofs. 1659 Hammonp Ox 7's. 
civ. 8 Paraphr. 511 The earth [being] distributed into 
mountains and valleys. 1710 Pripeavx Orig. 7ithes i. 13 
‘The Law of Moses is usually distributed into these thr 
parts: 1 The Moral, 2 The Ceremonial, and 3 ‘The Judicial. 
1776 Gisson Decl. §& /. i, That great peninsula [Spain]. . 
was distributed by Augustus into three provinces. 1849 
Macavtay //ist. Eng. 1. 294 The Life Guards .. were then 
distributed into three troops, 

4. To divide and place in classes, or other divi- 
sions ; to classily. 

1664 Evetyn Aad. /fort. (1729) 22 These we have dis- 
tributed into the three following Classes. 1725 Watts Logic 
1. vi. § 10 A Politician distributes Mankind according to their 
civil Characters, into the Rulers bid. . 
ii. § 7 Propositions. .are distril 
1857 Henrrey Elem. Course Bot. u. ii. § 386 By the 


tb. Arith. =Divive. Obs. 

1593 Fare Dialling 27b, Vhe product gro1g21907 I dis- 
tribute by the whole Sine: and the quotient gro1g giveth 
an ark 65.". 32.™, the Elevation'of the Meridian. 1709-29 
V. Manvey Syst. Math., Arith. 16 Vo Divide one Number 
by another, or to Distribute one into another. 

5. To separate and allocate to distinct places or 
compartments. sec. in Printing. ‘lo remove (type 
that has been ‘composed’ or set up) from the 
forme, and return each letter into its proper box 
or compartment in the case. Also adsol. 

1615 [See sense 2.] 

1683 Moxon Aech. Exerc. 11. 207 The compositer seeks 
«for a riglet, a little longer than the line of the page he 
is to destribute, or else he cuts a riglet to that length (this 
riglet is called @Pdestributing stick). 1736 Nature Dis- 
play'd III. 364 The ‘l'ypes .. being again distributed into 
their Boxes, serve to do the same Office to several others. 
1808 Post-Off. Law with Instruct. (U.S.), Distributing 
offices, where the postmasters open the mails addressed 
Northern, Southern etc., and distribute the letters into 
proper mails. 1888 J. Sournwarv’in Lucycl. Brit. XXII1L. 
jor (Typography) The operation of distributing the types 
1s the converse of that of composing: it is de-composing 
the forme and returning the several letters to their proper 
boxes in the case. 1891 Atheneum 24 Oct. 558/1 The 


work is .. published in a limited edition, and the type has 
been distributed. fod. A compositor who distributes 
rapidly. 


6. Logic. To employ (a term) in its full exten- 
sion, so that it includes every individual of the 
class. See Distribution 4b. 

[1692 ALpricu Artis Logic# Rud. iii, § 3.5 Quare medium 
in premissis semel ad minimum distribui debet. — § 3. 12 
Distribuas medium; nec quartus terminus adsit.] 1827 
Wuate y Logic ii. mt. § 2 ‘The middle term..must be dis- 
tributed once, at least, in the premises. 1847 De Morcan 
Formal Logic vii. 137. 1849 Manset Aldrich’s Logice 59 
To say [as Aristotle does] that the major premise in fig. 1 
must be universal, or one premise in fig. 2 negative, is 
equivalent to a rule for distributing the middle term. 1849 
Asp. Tuomson Laws of Thought (1860) § 77. 130. 1864 
Bowen Logic vii. 181. 1887 FowLer Elem. Deduct. Logic 
iv. (ed. 9) 34 All universal propositions distribute their 
subject, whereas particular propositions do not. All negative 
propositions distribute their predicate, whereas affirmative 
propositions do not. 

7. Grammar. To make distributive (in sense). 

1876 Mason Eng. Gram. (ed, 21) § 173 b, In ‘they loved 
each other’, each is in the nominative case, in the attribu- 
tive relation to they, which it distributes in sense. A 

Hence Distri‘buted, Distri‘buting f//. ad/s. ; 
Distri‘butedly adv. Distributed term, middle 
(see sense 6 above). , 

1641 Mitton CA. Govt. vi. (1851) 123 That beneficent and 
ever distributing office of Deacons. [x692 ALpricn Art: 
Log. Rud. iii. § 3. 4 Medium non distributum est anceps.) 


DISTRIBUTEE. 


1826 G.S. Faner Difficulties of Romanism i, iv. (1853) 114 
gears id 2 fhe semsts aber consecration, ° 

the avow ground, that those elements, jointly a’ 
severally, unitedly and distributedly, have now Deosens the 
Supreme Being himself. 1827 WHatevy Log/ci. § 5 A term is 
said to be ‘distributed’ when it is taken universally, so as to 
stand for everything it is capable of being applied to. 1844 
Ubid. ii, mm. § 2 Then the conclusion .. would have its 
icate—the Major term—distributed, which was undistri- 
uted in the premiss. 1889 Sfectator 9 Nov., To*avoid 

the loss of time inherent in distributed workshops. 

A 


Distributee’. Zaw. [f. prec. vb. +-EE.] 
person to whom a share falls in the distribution of 
the estate of an intestate. 

1870 Pinkerton Guide 45 Where an Administrator has 
money belonging toa distributee, whose residence is known, 
it is his duty to give notice of his readiness to pay it over. 
x89r R. Linn in WV. § Q. 3 Oct. 269 An Act of Congress 
was passed for the relief of the distributees of Col. Linn. 

Distributer: see Distripuror. 


Distributible, obs. form of DistRIBUTABLE. 

Distri-buting, 74/. 56. [-1nc1.] The action 
of the verb DistripuTE; distribution. 

1663 Gerier Counsel 25 ‘To be discreet in the distributing 
of them to some Carpenters. 1663 Roy. Proclam. 25 May in 
Parl. Rep. Secr. Comm. (1844) No. 582. 89 ‘The conveying 
of letters, or the distributing of the same. 1888 J. Souru- 
warp in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 701 (7ypography) There is 
hardly any operation which so strikes a spectator as dis- 
tributing, for a competent distributor literally showers the 
types into their receptacles, 

b. altrtb. 

1683 Distributing stick [see DistripuTe v. 5]. 1808 
Distributing office [zbid.). 1842 Specif, Clay & Rosen- 
borg’s Patent No. 9300. 2 The arranging or distributing 
machine. 1853 ef Mitchel’s Patent No. 1287. 5 
The types are to taken in rows from the distribut- 
ing machine. 1874 Kwnicnt Dict. Mech. 1. 710/2 The 
least that a distributing-reservoir should hold is half 
the daily demand.  /did., Distributing-roller (Printing), 
a roller on the edge of an inking-table for distributing ink 
to the printing-roller. 1884 /’al¢ Mall G. 17 Oct. 12 
Goods .. from that distributing centre [Hong Kong] 
are sent off to almost every market in China. 1888 J. 
Sournwakp in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 701 (Typography) Dis- 
tributing machines. .in which the distributing is to a certain 
extent done automatically. 1891 ‘ Lightning’ Gloss, klectr. 
Terms, Distributing Boards, \arge blocks of paraffined 
wood, slate or similarly insulating material upon which are 
mounted the various switches, fuses, &c., connected with 
main or branch wires. 

Distribution ‘distribiz fon. [a. F. déstrtbu- 
tion, earlier -cfon (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. 
distribition-em, n. of action f. dtstribucre to Dis- 
tTRIBTE.] The action of distributing. 

1. The action of dividing and dealing out or be- 
stowing in portions among a number of recipients ; 
apportionment, allotment. 

1382 Wycuir //cé, ii. 4 God witnessynge by sygnes, won- 
dris .. and distribucions [1388 departyngis] of the Hooly 
Gost. 1413 Palen. Sowdle (Caxton 1483) Iv, xxxiv. 82 They 
taken hede of alle makynge suche distribucions, so that 
eueriche haue that hym oweth. 1538 Starkey England u. 
ii. 183 The inequalyte of dystrybutyon of the commyn 
offyceys. 1662 StTituinGFL. Orig. Sacv. 1. v. § 8 Joseph .. 
made a_ new distribution of the whole Land. 1729 Butter 
Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 36 All shall be set right at the final 
distribution of things. 1770 Funinus Lett. xxxix. 198 The 
crown .. will lose nothing in this new distribution of power. 
1894 /imes 21 Dec. 11/5 The annual distribution of prizes 
and certificates to the pupils. 

b. Pol. Econ. (a) The dispersgl among con- 
sumers of commodities produced; this being, as 
opposed to production, the business of commerce. 
(6) The division of the aggregate produce of the 
industry of any society among its individual mem- 
bers, as in ‘the unequal distribution of the fruits 
of industry’, 

1848-65 Mitt Pol. Econ. Contents 1. ii. § 6 Labour em- 
ployed in the transport and distribution of the produce. 
(bid, Prelim. Remarks (1872) 12/2 The diversities in the 
distribution of wealth are still greater than in the produc- 
tion. /bid. 14/2 The laws of Production and Distribution 
.. are the subject of the following treatise. /did. 1. i. § 3 
A system of community of property and equal distribution 
of the produce. A/od. By the system of middlemen which 
now prevails the cost of distribution is disproportionately 
great compared with that of production. 

2. The action of spreading abroad or dispersing 
to or over every part of a space or area; the con- 
dition or mode of being so dispersed or located all 
over an area; sometimes without implying actual 
dispersal from a centre. 

t In older Physiology (esp. before the di of the cir- 
culation of the blood), applied to the dispersal of the as- 


similated food to all s of the y- 
— Purrennam Eng, Poesie wm. yes (Arb.) 309 Helping 
the ll i i istributi Isi 


534 


son Logic of Definition x. 296 This Order .. has such and 
such a geographical distribution. 1889 A. R. WaLtace 
Darwinism 340 How animals and plants have acquired 
their present peculiarities of distribution. 

3. The orderly dividing of a mass or collective 
body into parts with distinctive characters or func- 
tions; the orderly arrangement of the parts into 
which any whole is divided; division and arrange- 
ment; classification. . 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. vi. § 5 (1873) 45 So in the dis- 
tribution of days we see the day wherein God did rest and 
contemplate his own works, was blessed. 1668 Hace Pref. 
to Rolle's Abridgm, 6 ‘The Common-Law .. wants method, 
order, and apt distributions, 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's 
Gardening 201 Care should be taken in this Distribution, 
that the Fountains be disposed in such manner, that they 
may be seen almost all at a time. 1790 Burke Fr. Kev. 
Pref. 4 A commodious division and distribution of his 
matter, 1856 Emerson £ng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 96 The distribution of land into parishes. 

b. concr. A division. , 

1829 Soutney O. Newman vii, Omitting The minor dis- 
tributions (which are many And barbarous all) suffice it to 
name these. .the Pequods first; The Narhagansets [etc.]. 

4. Logic. +a. In the earlier English writers used 
for what is now called Drvisron, i.e. the logical 
division of a genus (a logical whole) into the 
several species included under it; less properly, 
the partition of a whole into the integral or con- 
stituent parts contained in it. Ods. 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. xiii. 56.b, A distribution is 
when the whole is distributed into his partes. 1628 T. 
Svencer Logick 143 When we say, a man hath two parts, 
soule and bodie: Living Creatures are reasonable, and vn- 
reasonable, then we make a distribution. 1698 Norris 
Pract. Disc. (1707) 1V. 194 Then he would have given us 
a full distribution of Immorality, to which all the instances 
of it might be reduced. 1725 Watts Logic 1. vi. § 10 The 
word distribution is most properly used, when we distin- 
guish an universal whole into several kinds of species. 

b. More recently, after Scholastic usage of Latin 
distribuere, distribulio: The application of a term 
to each and all of the several individual instances 
included in its denotation or extension; the accep- 
tation of a term in a general sense including every 
individual to which it is applicable. 

Said of a term qualified explicitly or implicitly by such 
marks of universality (signa universalia) as all, each, every, 
any, etc.; the one simple common term being treated as 
‘distributed’ over all its significates; e.g. in every man, 
the term #an is spread out over, or dispersed among, this, 
that, and every other individual man. 

This use of distributio (which turns on the question dis- 
cussed in Plato, Parm. 130 seqq.), first appears in the 
Schoolmen of the 13th cent., as Shyreswod, and especiall 
Petrus Hispanus (1226-1277), of whose Susmmude the 7t 
chapter deals with the properties of terms, including Dis- 
tribution, as an appendix to the exposition of the Organon, 
and with special reference to the solution of sophisms. 
The term apparently came into English logic through the 
medium of Aldrich; see DistrisuTe v. 6. 

(The speculation in Latham's Johnson s. v. Distributed is 
wholly gratuitous, and ignores the history of the word.) 

[cxago Petrus Hisp. Suonmule vii. 5. 1 Distributio est 
multiplicatio termini communis per signum universale facta, 
ut cum dicitur ‘omnis homo’, iste terminus ‘homo’ dis- 
tribuitur sive confunditur pro quolibet suo inferiori.] 1827 
Wuatety Logic i. $5 ‘Add food ’, or every kind of food, are 
expressions which imply the distribution of the term ‘ food’; 
‘some food’ would imply its non-distribution. 1849 MAnset 
Aldrich's Logica iii. § 3. 4 note, Distribution 1s not an 
Aristotelian term. It forms part of what the Schoolmen 
call parva logicalia ; a kind of appendix to analyses of the 
Organon; containing matters, some evolved from .. Aris- 
totle, others complete innovations .. The syllogistic rules 


concerning distribution are of course implied in Aristotle's 


account of each figure, though not enumerated separately, 
as common to all. 1864 Bowen Logic vy. 126 The distribu- 
tion of the Subject depends upon the Quantity of the Judg- 
ment. 1887 FowLer Elem. Deduct. Logic (ed. 9) iv. 34 The 
distribution or non-distribution of an attributive, as ‘human’, 
‘red’, etc., follows that of the corresponding common term, 
‘human being’, ‘red thing’, etc. 

5. Rhet. (See quots.) 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1567) 95a, It is also called a dis- 
tribution, when we deuide the whole into seuerall partes, 
and saie we haue fower pointes, wherof we purpose to 

ec, ip, Demis Sg whole talke within compasse of 
the same. 1797“ naMBERS Cycl., Distribution, in 
rhetoric, is a kind of description; or a figure reby an 
orderly division and enumeration is made of the principal 
qualities of a subject. 

6. Arch. The arrangement of the several parts of 
a building, esp. of the interior divisions or apart- 
ments. (Cf. Disposition 1 d.) 

[1624 Worron Archit. 120 Distributio is that vsefull 
Casting of all Roomes for Office, Entertainement, or Plea- 
sure, which I haue handled before.) 1727-51, CHAMBERS 


and other vertues, in a weake and vnhealthie bodie. 1620 
Venner Via Recta vy. 90 It is .. hard of concoction, and of 
very slow distribution. reba Cuampers Cycé.s.v., The dis- 
tribution of the food throughout all the parts of the body, 
is one of the worders in nature. 1860 I'yNDALL Géac. 1. 
iii. 31 This distribution of temperature must .. have some 
influence on the shape of the [hail] stone. 187§ Ure's Dict. 
Arts III. 657 (Printing-machine) There are three or four 
small rollers of distribution .. by [a] compound movement 
they are enabled .. fo effect a perfect distribution of the 
ink along the table. 1877 Hux.ey Amat. /nvert.1g Certain 


areas of the earth’s surface are inhabited by gro of 
animals and plants which are not found elsewhere .. 
areas are termed Provinces of Distribution, 1885 Daviv- 


Cycl., Distribution of the plan, denotes the dividing, and 
dispensing the several parts, and bers, which P 
the plan of a building. 1876 Gwitr Zncycl. Archit. § aay 
Distribution and disposition are the first objects that shou! 
engage the architect's attention, even of im whose great 
aim is to strike the attention by ornament, which can never 
please unless its’ source can be traced to the most conve- 
nient and economical distribution of the leading parts. 


7. Printing. The action or process of distributing 
type: see DISTRIBUTE v, 5. . 
1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/., Distribution, in printing, the 


taking a form asunder, separating the letters, and disposin, 
them be the cases again, each in fs proper cell. 1875 Ures 
Dict, Arts 111. 651 Distribution is four times 
faster than composition, 


| The distributive Citoyennes are of violent speech an: 


DISTRIBUTIVE. 


8. Steam-engine. ‘The steps or operations by 
which steam is supplied to and withdrawn from 
the cylinder at each stroke of the piston; viz., ad- 
mission, suppression or cutting off, release or ex- 
haust, and ——— of exhaust steam prior to 
the next admission’ (Webster 1864). ; . 

Distributional, . -[f. prec.+-au.] Of or 
pertaining to distribution, esp. to the geographical 
distribution of animals or plants. 

1864 Huxiey Lect. Compar. Anat. i. 2 The student of 
the geographical distribution of animals .. would . . disp 
the contents of a Zoological Museum in a totally different 
manner: basing his classification not _ organs, but on 
distributional assemblages. 1880 A. R. Wattace /s/. Life 
ut, xix. 399 ‘The mode of solving distributional 

+ Distribu'tioner. O/s. [f. as prec. +-ER = 2.] 
One who makes distribution ; a distributor, 

1650 Evverrietp 7'ythes 34 The only. .distributioner that 
hath both given and setled several men in their several 
proprieties. /did. 43 Distributioners of property. 

ibu'tionist. rare. [f. as prec. +-1sT.] 
One who advocates a system of distribution. 

1836 Dickens Sk. Boz (1837) 1. 69 The distributionists 
trembled, for their popularity was at stake. 

Distributival (distri:bistai-val), a. Gram. [f. 
DIsTRIBUTIVE + -AL: cf. adjectival.) Of or per- 
taining to a distributive. . 

1868 Key Philol. Ess. 4 In the passages .. referred to, 
the distributival sense [of ava] seems to prevail. 

Distributive (distri-bistiv), a. and sd. [a. F. 
distributif, -ive, ad. L. distribitiv-us (Priscian) ap- 
portioning, f. distribit-ppl. stem: see DistRIBUTE.] 

1. Having the property of distributing ; charac- 
terized by dispensing, bestowing, or dealing out, 
in portions; given to or engaged in distribution. 

Distributive finding of the issne: a finding by a jury 
which is in part for plaintiff and in part for defe t 
(Wharton Law Lexicon). 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 85 Wolde..God that every harde 
covetouse hert were of suche largesse and distributif of 
here meveable good and tresoure to the comon wele. 1 
Berketey A/ciphr. ut. § 14 To endeavour to destroy te 
belief of..a distributive Providence. 182 Blackw, Mag. 1X. 
323 A ready ‘ Shelty’ stands in waiting by, Around the 
distributive to fly. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Aer. IIL. in. or 100 

gesture. 
2. Characterized by distributing or diffusing itself ; 


| having a tendency to diffusion. 


1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1. Ixxxvi. 132 Wisdom and 
Science are worth nothing, unless they be distributive, and 
declare themselves to the world. Wealth in a Misers hand 
is useless, 1873 B. Stewart Conserv. Force iv. 106 If we 
reflect that heat is essentially distributive in its nature. | 

3. Of, belonging to, or arising from, distribution. 

1616 Surrt. & Marxu. Country Farme 363 The distri- 
butiue vertue of the Trees being occupied about many, 
must needs haue the lesse for euerie one, w it 
hath but a few to feed, it dealeth the more bountifully, 
1771 Contemplative Man I. 60 All the Sisters 5 3 ah 
that Mrs. Barnes's distributive Share of her Father's Effects 
ee to la’ Crab. 1813 G. Epwarps fess: 
True Pol. i Local Agency a to each 
tributive phe! of the Kingdom. 1879 Daily News 16 Apr. 
36 To use .. the profits derived from the distributive 

on m ing industry, 
b. Distributive justice, one of the two divisions 
of Justice, according to Aristotle (the other being 
Commutative) ; that which consists in the distribu- 


tion of something in shares propamieaste to the 
deserts of each among the several parties, 

{The old Latin version of Aristotle's Ethics ¢ 1250 renders 
Bravenntixoy Sixascov by distributivum justum; Aquinas, 
in his commentary on the text, has distributiva justitia.) 

x Etyot Gov. 1. i, Justice ..is.. d in two 
kyndes or spices. The one is named iustyce distributiue, 
which is in distribution of honour, money, benefite, or 
other thinge semblable .. Justice distrib egi 
to the persone. 1581 J. Bett //addon's Answ. Osor. 192 
Neither doth therfore offend in Justice distributive, 
if he have mercy on whom hee will have mercy : or if hee 
doe harden whom he will harden. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. 
Fr. Acad. \. 370 Distributive justice consisteth in 


are corrupted at the source. 
c. Hence, applied to that part of substantive 


law, which is concerned with the determination of 
rights, as distinguished, from the corrective, penal, 
or vindicative part. f 


1651 Honpes Govt, §& Soc. xiv. § 6. 216 The civill Law 
(according to the two of the islator, W one 
is to judge; the other to to 0 his 


man hath his Right. bi 
of a Law] which is called distributive, is Prohib 
speaks to all, the second which is styled vindicative, or 
nary, is mandatory, and conty speaks 
iinistore, 1678 YounG Serm. at ‘hitehall 29 Dec. 7 11 
Civilians distinguishing a Law into , the any 
Part, which enjoyns the Duty, and the Distributive 
which assigns the Punishment or the Reward. 
4. Expressing distribution or division 
dividuals ; spec. in Gram. Having reference to each 
individual of a number or class, as distinguished 
from the whole number taken together. 


DISTRIBUTIVELY. 


Distributive adjectives, the words each, either, neither, 
every (the three first of which can also be used prono- 
minally). Distributive numerals, in Latin, singuli, one 
by one, 477, two by two, eic. ee: 

1520 Wuitinton Vx/g. (1527) 5 b, Nownes distributives : 
as nullus, neuter. 1530 Pasar. Introd. 29, I speke also 
amongest the pronownes of nownes partityves and dis- 
tributyves as foul, nul .. chascun, Ere 4 OUGE Comm. 
Heb. i. 5 The distributive particle which (unto which of 
the Angels) implieth a number of Angels. 1818-48 HALLAM 
Mid, Ages (1872) 11.359 Dr. Lingard has clearly appre- 
hended .. the distributive character of the words cord and 
ceorl, 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 247-The dis- 
tributive adjective pronouns, each, every, either, agree 
with the nouns ., and verbs, of the singular number only. 
1881 E, Avams Elem, Eng. Lang. 68 Distributive numerals 
signify how many at a time. ere are no separate forms 
to express them in English. s 

5. Logic. Referring to each individual of a class 
separately, and not to the whole class as made up 
of these individuals. Opposed to collective. 

1725 Watts Logic 1. iii. § x This sort of sophisms is 
committed when the word a// is taken in a collective and 
a distributive sense, without a due distinction. 1863 E. V. 
NEALE Anal. Th. §& Nat. 253 A defect .. pointed out by 
the sagacity of Sir William Hamilton, namely, the absence, 
of the distributive words ‘all’ or ‘some,’ in the predicates 
of its formal judgments. 

6. Math. Operating (or expressing operation) 
upon every part in operating upon the whole; 
as distributive formula, function, operation, prin- 
ciple, symbol. 

1855 CarmicuaeL Calculus of Operations 8 A symbol ® is 
said to be distributive when, « and v being two distinct 
subjects, ® (w+v)=bu+0v, Jbid. 11 Any algebraic func- 
tion of a distributive symbol is itself also distributive. 

B. sb. 1. Gram. A distributive word : see A. 4. 

1530 Parscr. 74 Pronownes, unto whiche I joyne .. parti- 
tyves, distributyves and numeralles. 1612 Brixsiey Pos. 
Parts (1669) 102 All Relatives, Interrogatives, Distribu- 
tives, Indefinites..do lack the Vocative case. 1874 Morris 
Hist. Eng. Gram. 98 Distributives express how many at 
a time, as one dy one, one and one, by twos, two each, etc. 

+2, That which is distributed. Ods. 

@1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 52 Parents .. though 
they may expresse more affection to one in the abundance 
of bequests, yet cannot forget some Legacies, just distribu- 
tives, and dividents to others of their begetting. 

Distributively (distri-biztivli), adv. [f. prec. 
+ -LY*.] Ina distributive manner or sense. 

a. By way or by means of distribution. 

1626 T. H. Caussin’s Holy Crt, 42 He .. distributiuely 
sowed it, vpon all the creatures of the earth. 1660 Mitton 
Free Comm. (1851) 450 Communicating the natural heat of 
Government and Culture more distributively to all..parts. 

b. Laz. So as to be distributed between two 
parties, each obtaining part of his plea. 

1848 Wuarton Law Lex. 187 There are cases in which 
an issue may be found distributively, 7. ¢. in part for plain- 
tiff and in part for defendant. 

ce. In relation to each individual of a number 
separately ; opposed to collectively. 

1597 Hooxer Lec? Pol. v. xlviii. § 12 Wee cannot be free 
from all sinne collectiuely .. yet distributiuely .. all great 
and grievous actuall offences..may and ought to be.. 
auoyded. 1652 T, WuitrieLp Doctr, Armin. 66 The word 
ail is here to bee taken not distributively for every parti- 
cular man, but collectively for all sorts, states, and con- 
ditions of men. 1697 tr. Burgersdicius his Logic 1. xxvi. 
123 This Fallacy consists in the Word 422, which if Collec- 
tively taken, the Major indeed will be true, but the Minor 
false. Ifthe Word A//is taken Distributively, the Major 
will be false. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U.S. V. xlviii. 75 In 
Parliament, as the common council, the whole empire was 
represented collectively, though not distributively. 1889 
Ittincwortx Prodl. Pain in Lux Mundi (ed. 10) 114 The 
mass of antmal suffering ..is felt distributively. No one 
animal suffers more because a million suffer likewise. 

d. Logic. Ina sense in which the term is applied 
to each and every individual of a class. See D1s- 
TRIBUTION 4b. 

1843 Mitt Logic 1. iv. § 4. 114 When a general name 

stands for each and every individual which it is a name of, 
or in other words, which it denotes, it is said by logicians 
to be distributed, or taken distributively. 1 Bowen 
Logic v. § 2 (1870) 121 A Universal Judgment is one in 
which the Predicate is affirmed of the whole Subject taken 
distributively,, Thus a// men (i.e. each and every man) 
are mortal. A 
_Distri‘butiveness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being distributive. 
, 166 Fett Dr, Hammond § 2 (T.) That practice [of carv- 
ing at the table] had another more immediate cause, a 
natural distributiveness of humour, and a desire to be 
employed in the relief of every kind of want of every —— 
1884 Sir C. Bowen in Law Times Rep. LI. 163/2 A great 
many other sections, where distributiveness is necessary, 

Distributor (distri‘bizto1), Also 6 -our, 6-9 
-er. [orig. f. DIsrRIBUTE v. + -ER; conformed to 

_L. distributor, agent-n. f. distribucre: cf. F. dts- 
tributeur (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] One who 
distributes : see the verb. : 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 11. xxxi. 105 b, So true & 
feythfull a distributer of the counselles & graces of god. 
1548 Uvatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iii, 17 (R.) My 

lerelye beloued sonne, the .. distributer of my goodnes 
towardes you. | _ Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 
559 Faithful distributours of right and justice to the poor 
commons of this Realm. 1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair v. 
ii, A deuourer, in stead of a distributer of the alms. 1738 
Wareurton Div. Legat. 1. 70 The equal Distributer of 

Rewards and Punishments. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 
204 P 2 Seged... the distributor of the waters of the Nile. 


535 


1884 H. Spencer in Contemp. Rev. July 42 Entire classes of 
producers and distributors, which have arisen through divi- 
sion of labour. 1888 [see DistrisuTinc]. ; 

b. That which distributes; an appliance for 
distributing, 

1853 Catal. R. Agric. Soc. Show 76 The best broadcast 
manure distributor exhibited. 1864 ¥ra/. R. Agric. Soc. 
XXV., 11. 525 Put manure on with distributor. 188 Huxtey 
in Nature No. 615. 345 The parts of the machine are merely 
passive distributors of that power. 

+e. Applied by Puttenham to the figure of speech 
whereby the elements of a description, or the like, 
are set forth one by one. Oés. 

1589 Putrennam Poesie ut. xix, (Arb.) 230 A figure 
very meete for Orators .. when we may .. vtter a matter 
in one entier speach .. and will rather do it peecemeale and 
by distribution of euery part .. and therefore I.name him 
the distributor. JZarg. Merismus, or the Distributer. 

Hence Distri‘butorship, office of distributor. 

1825 New Monthly Mag. XVI. 60 How did he get his 
stamp distributorship ? 

Distri*butory, @. rare. = DISTRIBUTIVE a. (3). 

1827 JarMAN Powell's Devises 11. 209 Until her distribu- 
tory share were exhausted. 

stri-butress. 
A female distributor. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 85 Being so 
bountifull a distributresse of your courtesies. 1634 Sir ‘Tl. 
Hawkins tr, Manzini’s Pol. Observ. 28 Discretion ought to 
be the distributresse of these treasures. 1830 Blachkw. Mag. 
XXVII. 423 ‘he fair distributress. 

+ Districate, v. Obs. rare-°. [f, Dis- 1 + 
L. ¢rice perplexities, embarrassments ; after extri- 
cate.] =DIsINTRICATE. So + Districa‘tion. 

1632 SHERWOOD, To districate, extriguer. 1656 Birounr 
Glossogr., Districate, to rid out of trouble or incumbrance. 
1658 Puitwies, Districation, a ridding out of trouble. 

+ District, a. Obs. [ad. L. déstrict-as severe, 
strict, pa. pple. of distringére to draw asunder, 
strain: see Disrrain and Srricr.] Strict, strin- 
gent, rigorous; severe; exact. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 263 b, Impossyble to 
perseuer & contynue in thy district or sharpe exercyse of 
vertues. 1583 Sruppes Anat. Adus. 1. (1877) 46 Aristotle 
is so district in this point. 1656 SANDERSON Servz. Pref. 
(1689) 6x ‘The most diligent, district, and unpartial search. 
1700 H, J. Salvab. Heathen 26 A Righteousness consisting 
in a Condecency of his Goodness and Mercy, and not in the 
Rule of his district Holiness. 

District (disstrikt), sd. [a. F. déstrict (16th c. 
in Littré) ad. med.L. d¢strict-zes (1) the constraining 
and restraining of offenders, the exercise of justice, 
(2) the power of exercising justice in a certain terri- 
tory, jurisdiction, (3) the territory under the juris- 
diction of a feudal lord; f. L. @éstrict- ppl. stem 
of distringére: see DISTRAIN. 

(The explanation of the 17th c. legal antiquaries, ‘the 
territory within which the lord may d/strasz’, is much 
narrower than the notion involved in districtus.)\ 

+1. Law. The territory under the jurisdiction of 
a feudal lord. Oéds. 

161r Cotcr., District, a district ; the liberties, or precincts 
of a place; the territorie, or circuit of countrey, within 
which a Lord, or his Officers may iudge, compe]l, or call 
in question, the inhabitants. [1641 7exmes de la Ley 125 
Districtus is sometimes used for the circuit or territory, 
within which a man may be thus compelled to appeare.] 
1670 Brounr Law Dict., District, is the place in which 
a Man hath the power of distreining, or the Circuit or 
Territory wherein one may be compelled to appear. . Where 
we say, Hors de son Fee, others say, Extra districtum 
suum. f : 

2. A portion of territory marked off or defined 
for some special administrative or official pur- 
pose, or as the sphere of a particular officer or 
administrative body civil or ecclesiastical; e.g. a 
police, postal, or registration district ; the Metro- 
politan district, London postal district, that of a 
Local Board or Urban Sanitary Authority. 

1664 Jer. Taytor Dissuas. Pofery t. u. § 1 (R.) The de- 
crees of general councils bind not but as they are accepted 
by the several churches in their respective districts and 
diocesses. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 403 ® 2 The several 
Districts and Parishes of London and Westminster. 1834 
S. Gosar Adyssinia 367 As soon as the son of a great man 
has learned to read... his father gives him a district of 
a greater or less extent. 1847 Act 10 Vict. c.15 § 43 Any 
offence which shall take place within the Metropolitan 
Police District. 186r Fro. Nicutincate Nursing 28 In 
healthy ‘ registration’ districts, the mortality is low. 

8. sfec. a. in England: A division of a parish, 
having its own church or chapel and resident 
clergyman, constituted under the Church Building 
Acts, from 58 Geo. III, c. 45 onwards. Hence 
district chapel, church, parish. (See CHAPEL 3 b.) 
feel district: an ecclesiastical division formed 
under 6 and 7 Victoria, c. 37, ‘having a minister 


[f. Disrripuror + -Ess.] 


‘licensed by the bishop and vested with limited 


powers ’. 

These ecclesiastical districts originally constituted per- 
petual curacies ; they are now mostly for ecclesiastical pur- 
poses distinct parishes, being vi es or rectories according 
ad status of the benefice out of which they have been 
taken, : 

1818 Act 58 Geo. IIT, c. 45 § 2t In any case in which the 
said Commissioners shall be of opinion that it is not ex- 
| mn to divide any populous Parish or Extra Parochial 

lace into such complete, separate, and distinct Parishes as 


DISTRICT. 


aforesaid, but that it is expedient to divide the same into 
such Ecclesiastical Districts as they..may deem necessary 
for the Purpose ofaffording Accommodation for the attending 
Divine Service. .to Persons residing therein. did. § 24 The 
churches and chapels respectively assigned to such Dis- 
tricts shall, when duly consecrated for that Purpose, become 
and be the District Parish Churches of such District 
Parishes. 1822 Act 3 Geo. IV, c.72 § 10 To act on the 
Vestry of such District or Division, and of the Church or 
Chapel thereof. 1855 Timps Curiosities of London (1867), 
St. Peter's, Saffron-hill, a district church of St. Andrew's, 
Holborn. 1856 Waceran Ripon, etc. 110 A district par 
has .. been assigned to this Church, 1866 J. M. Dar 
Clergyman's Legal Handbk. (ed. 4) 34 Upon the new 
church being consecrated in the Peel district, it becomes a 
‘new parish for ecclesiastical purposes’,  /d//. 25 The 
patronage of the Peel districts and parishes, until otherwise 
assigned, rests with the Crown and the bishop alternately. 

b. One of the urban or rural subdivisions of a 
county, constituted by the Local Government Act of 
1894, and havingan Urban or Rural District Council. 

1895 Whitaker's Almanac 667 (Parish Councils Act) The 
whole country will be divided into districts, some of which 
are borough urban districts, some urban districts other than 

3oroughs, and some rural districts, each of which will have 
its own council. Rural districts in most cases comprise 
a large number of parishes. /é7d. 669 Rural districts are 
those areas which occupy the whole of the country outside 
London other than so much as is included in any borough 
or any other urban district. 

e. In British India: A division or subdivision of 
a province or presidency, constituting the most 
important unit of civil administration, having at 
its head an officer called ‘Magistrate and Collector’, 
or ‘ Deputy-Commissioner’, It corresponds to the 
Zillah of earlier times. 

Generally, four or more ‘districts’ constitute a ‘division’ 
under a ‘commissioner’; but in Madras presidency the 
districts themselves are the primary divisions. 

1776 7rial Fos. Kowke 2't (Stanf.) Having a demand on 
the Dewan of the Calcutta District for .. 26,000 rupees. 
1818 Jas. Minn Brit, dia (1840) V. 422 (Y.) In each 
district, that is in the language of the country, each Zillah... 
a Zillah Court was established. 1848 G. Wyatr Revelat. 
Orderly (1849) 67 The Planters. .in the Chumparan district. 
1885 Hunter /p. Gaz. India 1V. 416 Farakhabad bears 
the reputation of being one of the healthiest Districts in the 
Doab, 1886 Yure & Burnett Anglo-In& Gloss. 749 
Zillah. .is the technical name for the administrative dis- 
tricts into which British India is divided, each of which has 
in the older provinces a Collector, or Collector and Magis- 
trate combined, a Session Judge, &c., and in the newer 
provinces, such as the Punjab. .a Deputy Commissioner, 

d. In U.S. used in various specific and local 
senses: e.g. a political division = election con- 
stituency, as an assembly, congresstonal, or senate 
district, 

In some States the chief subdivision of a county (céz77, 
magisterial, militia, justice's district), called in other 
States fownships or towns. Formerly, in South Carolina= 
county; elsewhere, a division of a State containing several 
counties, Also, a division of the country, directly under the 
control of Congress, and having no elective franchise, as 
the federal District of Columbia; the District of Alaska 


(formerly Russian America). 

1800 M. Cutter in Life, Frnls. & Corr. (1888) II. 40 
Much said about my being elected member for be district 
ed. 


in Congress. 1802 Brookes Gazetteer 


township. 1 M. Townsenn U.S. 138 The District of 
Columbia (including the national capital of Washington) ; 
the District of Alaska. 

e. The portion of country or of a town allotted 
to or occupied by any person as the sphere of his 
operations; particularly, a section of a parish 
allotted to a lay ‘visitor’, working under the 
clergyman. 

1863 Mrs. Cartyte Ze??. III. 162 Visiting about in their 
‘district’, and attending all sorts of meetings. 1 A. Ts 
Quitter-Coucn in Echoes fr. Oxford Mag. (1890) 104 
There’s no one to visit your ‘district’ Or make Mother 
Tettleby’s soup. _A/od, For this purpose the town has been 
divided into districts, and two canvassers appointed to each, 

4, Any tract of country, usually of vaguely defined 
limits, having some common characteristics; a 
region, locality, ‘ quarter’. 

1712 Brackmore Creation u. (R.) These districts which 
between the tropics lie .. Were thought an uninhabitable 
seat. 1776 Gipson Decl. §& F. i, The most extensive and 
flourishing district, westward of Mount ‘l'aurus and the 
river Halys, was dignified by the Romans with the exclu- 
sive title of Asia. 1865 Lyett lem. Geol. (ed. 6) 79 Dis- 
tricts composed of argillaceous and sandy formations. 1889 
A. R. WaLiace Darwinism 222 Species [of birds] which. 
inhabit open districts are usually protectively coloured. 
Mod. The roughest carriage road in the Lake district. A 
manufacturing district ; a purely agricultural district. 

+5. fig. Sphere of operation; province, scope. 
(In quot. 1704 used in f/.=limits, bounds.) Ods. 
rare. 

[1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 28 This Principle of 
Life, [Ser and Intellection in Man called the Soul, hath 
the Body as its Province and Districtus, wherein it exer- 
ciseth these Faculties and Operations.] 1704 Swirr Zech. 
Operat. Spirit Misc. (1711) 283 The first_and the last of 
these I understand to come within the Districts of my 
Subject. 


DISTRICT. 


6. attrib. and Comd., in sense ‘of, belonging to, 
or allotted to a particular district’; as déstrict- 
chapel, church, parish: see 3 a.; district-judge, 
school, -superintendent, -surveyor, -visitor (whence 
district-visit v. (humorous). District-attorney 
(U.S.), the local prosecuting officer of a district ; 
district-council, the local council of an Urban or 
Rural District as constituted by the Parish Coun- 
cils Act of 1894; hence district-councillor ; 
district-court (U.S.), a court of limited jurisdic- 
tion, having cognizance of certain causes within a 
district, presided over by a district-judge. 

1802 A, Hamitton Wes. (1886) VII. 30r It abolishes the 
District Courts of Tennessee and Kentucky. 1823 P. 
Nicuorson Pract, Build, 368 The District-Surveyors are 
elected by the Magistrates. 1828 Wenster, District-judge, 
the judge of a district court. District-school, a school 
within a certain district of a town. New England. 1833 F. J. 
Snore Noles Indian Affairs (1837) I. 136 There were 
kazees .. who may be designated district judges. 1839 
Act2& 3 Vict. c. 93 An Act for the Establishment of County 
and District Constables. 1855 Act 18 & 19 Vict. c. 122 § 49 
There shall be paid to the district surveyors .. such other 
fees ., as may from time to time be directed by the Metro- 
politan Board of Works, 1867 Smytu Saslor’s Word-bk., 
District Orders, those issued by a general commanding 
a district. 1870 Miss Bripcman Ro. Lynne 1. iv. 43 ‘What 
are the duties of a district-visitor?'.. ‘She scolds the men 
for frequenting public-houses, abuses the women for being 
idle and slatternly.’ /ézd. 44 When I am ill, I shall .. be 
‘ district-visited ’, 
The Chairmen of Districts in their several District meet- 
ings. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw, II. 1. xlix. 255 The 
local prosecuting officer, called the district attorney. 1889 
G. Fixptay Eng, Railway 14 In the more important dis- 
tricts the District Superintendents are relieved of the man- 
agement of the goods business by ‘ District Goods Managers’. 
1894 7imes 19 Dec. 6/3 Returned at the head of the poll 
for the urban district council. . The village shoe-maker heads 
the poll for both the parish and the rural district council. 
1895 Whitaker's Almanac 669 (Parish Councils Act) Urban 
District Councils are but urban sanitary authorities under 
a new name, and elected on the same system as town 
councils in boroughs. Rural District Councils are a new 
body, and take over the functions which guardians of the 
poor, acting as rural sanitary authorities, discharged in 
rural sanitary districts. /éid, 670 The elections of guardians, 
and of urban and rural district councillors, are to take 
place under rules issued by the Local Government Board. 

District, v. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To divide or 
organize into districts. Hence Di‘stricting vd/. sé. 

1828 WesstER, Districted, divided into districts or definite 
portions. Districting, dividing into limited or definite por- 
tions. 1855 Mottey Dutch Rep. Introd. xii. (1866) 40 The 
Netherlands like other countries are districted and farmed. 
1869 Daily News 2 Sept., The town is in the hands of 
certain groups of lawyers, and is districted by them. 1882 
/bid. 16 June 5/4 Towns must be districted between them 
{electric-lighting Companies] as London is between gas 
and water Companies, 1888 in Bryce Amer. Commw. 11. 
App. 648 Until such districting as herein provided for shall 
be made. x W. K. Brooxs Amer. Oyster 195, I believe 
that the districting plan is neither a real remedy nor the 
best method for arresting the destruction. . 


+ Distri‘ction. Ovs. [a. OF. distriction 
rigour, severity, arbitrary control (Godef.), ad. L. 
distriction-em, n. of action f. distringére: see Dis- 
TRAIN, District a.) Strictness, severity, rigour. 

cx4so tr. De Jmitatione 1. x, I 3aue all, & I wol haue 
all ayen, & wip districcion I require pankinges. a@ 1631 
Donne Serm. Yohn v. 22 (1634) 10 Earthly judges have 
their districtions, and so their restrictions; some things 
they cannot know. 1660 R, Coxe Power & Subj. 191 
Justice and Secular distriction are necessary for the most 
part in Divine Laws and Secular Institutes. 

(The erroneous sense ‘Sudden display’ in J., copied in later 
Dicts., is founded on a mistaken quotation of distinction 
as distriction in 1697 Cottier Ess. Mor, Subj. u. xii. 118.) 

+ Districtly, adv. Ods. [f. Districr a. + 
-LY".] Strictly, stringently, severely. 

156: tr. Pope Urban's Let, in Foxe A. & M. (1596) 218 
(R.) We send our mandats again vnto your brotherhood oe 
districtlie. .commanding you, that [etc.]. a 1665 J. Goop- 
win Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 124 They..would not have 
been so districtly and austerely abstemious. 1678 H. Mork 
Lett, Sev, Subjects (1694) 28 He..has not had leisure to 
observe things so closely and districtly, 

+ Distri-ctness. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] Strictness, precision, exactitude. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 59 [It] challengeth 
no such districtnesse..as was required in the other, /dz:. 
110, I doe in all things commend fidelity and trust to be 
performed where by districtnesse it is challenged. 

Distri‘ctual a. rare. [f. med.L. districtu-s 
District + “ALJ Of or belonging to a district. 

1849 J. M. Kemate Saxons in Eng. Il, 106 We find no 
traces of any districtual or missatic authority to whom these 
officers could account. : 

+Distri‘fe. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 1 or 5 + STRIFE.] 
Strife, contention. 

c 1450 Merlin 536 He wolde not haue. .distrif be-twene hem 


two. 

ll (distringes). Zaw. [a. L. dis- 
tringas ‘thou shalt distrain’, 2 pers. pres. subj. of 
distringére, in med.L. sense, being the first word 
of the writ.] The name of a writ directing the 
sheriff to distrain in various cases, 

The main forms are, in Common Law: a. The distringas 
to compef a) nce, where defendant has a place of resi- 
dence in England or Wales, b. The distringas in detinue, 
to compel the defendant to deliver goods by distresges upon 


1885 Minutes Wesleyan Conference 370 | 


536 


his chattels, ¢. Distri: “juratores, empowering the 
sheriff to distrain defaulting jurors to compel their appear- 
ance. In Equity: d. A process issued against a corporation 

ate in cases of disobedi to the or direc- 
tions of the court. e. An order of the Chancery Court by 
which the Bank of England or other public company is 
restrained from permitting a transfer of stock or shares in 
which a party claims to be interested, or from paying any 
dividend on it, 

1467 Ord. Worcesterin Eng. Gilds 391 That noseriaunt [take] 
of eny citizen for ep om of a venire facias, habeas corpore 
and destringas, for alle but vj d. 1607°-Mippteton Phenix 
nl. iii, Wks, 1885 I. 157 Get your distringas out as soon as 
Se can for a jury. a Art, agst. Sir H. Davenport in 

ushw. Hist. Coll. 11. 1692) I. 336 Writs of Distringas .. 
. directed to the several High Sheriffs of the said County 
of York; whereby the said Sheriffs were commanded further 
to distrain the said James Maleverer to appear as aforesaid. 
1641 Termes de la Ley 125 Distringas is a Writ directed to 
the Sheriffe or any other officer, commanding him to dis- 
treine for a debt to the King, &c. or for his appearing at 
aday. 1714 Scroccs Courts-Leet (ed. 3) 172 An Attach- 
ment or Distringas to attach his Goods. 1768 BLAcksToNE 
Comm. III, xxvii. (Jod.), The process against a body cor- 
porate is by distringas to distrain them by their goods and 
chattels, rents, and profits, till they shall obey the summons 
or directions of the court. 1857 J. T. Smit Parish 50 A 
distringas shall issue against the inhabitants to make them 
repair it [bridge, highway etc.]. 3 

Hence Distringas v. frans., to restrain by a 
distringas. 

1895 Law Times XCIX. 533/2. 

|| Distrix (distriks). A/ed. [mod.L., f. Gr. dis 
twice (Di-*) + Opig hair.] A disease of the hair, 
in which it splits and divides at the end. 

1811 in Hooper Med. Dict. 1822 J. M. Goop Study 
Med. (1834) 1V. 517 ‘The terms athrix and distrix .. express 
two of the species under this genus. 

Distrou, distrowe, etc., obs. ff. Desrroy. 

+ Distrouwblance. 0¢s. Forms: 5 distro- 
blans, -troybulance, -trublance, 5-6 -trou- 
blance, -tribulance. [f. next + -aANCE; prob. 
after a corresponding F. form : cf. the earlier Dis- 
TURBLANCE.] Disturbance, molestation. 

ax4qo0 Burgh Laws \. (Sc. Stat. 1) Na greyff nor na 
distroblans [solestia). c142§ Wyntoun Cron. vi. xliv. 4 
Makand fellown Distroybulance. 1 Jas. III Let. in 
C. Innes Sk. Early Sc. Hist. (1861) 393 Mak him nane 
impediment, letting nor distroublance. 1§.. Exam. W, 
Thorpe in Arb. Garner V1. 80 They .. may.. be the 
more fervent [when] that all their outward wits be closed 
from all outward seeing and hearing, and from all dis- 
troublance and lettings. (1572 in Muniments Burgh of 
Irvine (1891) II. 17 The saidis provest and baillies..sall.. 
cognosce and decerne thair apoun the wrang and distribu- 
lance of the burgh. 

+ Distrowble, v. Ols. Also des-, dys- 
-troble, -trowbel, -truble, -trubill, -trybul. 
[ME. a. OF. destrobler, -troubler, {. des-, L. dis- + 
trobler, troubler to ‘TROUBLE, An etymologically 
earlier OF. form of the latter was fordler, turdbler, 
tourbler (:—L. *turbuldre), whence the earlier 
ME. type desturble, -tourble, DISTURBLE. Trouble 
had become at an early date the prevalent form 
of the simple vb., and dzstrouble gradually super- 
seded disturble, but itself scarcely survived to 1600, 
Sc. distrybul, distribulance, etc., were app. asso- 
ciated with L. ¢7zbudare to afflict, oppress. } 

trans, To disturb, trouble greatly. 

€1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 524, 1 am ryght sory yif 
I have oughte Destroubled yow out of tre thoughte, 
¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Alexis 421 Pu has distrybulyt me. 
ay Alexander 3167" As wawes of pe wild see when 
wynd paim distrobles. 1413 Pilger. Sowle (Caxton 1483 
ut. iv. 53 Thus haue ye by your fals es destroubl 
my Royamme. c1g00 Lancelot 1292 Furth he goith, dis- 
trublit in his hart. 1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. xm. (1593) 
320 A brooke with raine distroubled new. regs 4 SKENE 
Reg. Maj. 101, I defend. .that na man distrouble this court 
valewfallie, vnder the paine that may follow. [W. Trn- 
nant Pafistry Storm'd (1827) 102 Me had thir Lollards no 
distrubill’d My denner had been nearly doubl’d.] 

Hence + Distrou'bled £//. a., + Distrou'bling 
vbl. sb. 

1375 Barsour Bruce v, 216 The persy .. went vith thaim 
. his castell till, Vithout distrowbilling or Ill. 1491 Caxton 
Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xliv. 75a/1 She. .hathe noo 
dystrowblynge ne empeshement. 590 Spenser /. Q. ul, 
iv. 12 n passions of distroubled spright, A 

+ Distrou'ble, sd. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] Dis- 
turbance, molestation. 

c1450 Merlin 545 No distrouble thei ne hadde till thei 
com to Roestok. 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 306/1 To con- 
strayne Impedymentes & destroubles (L. n/es¢antia). 

+Distroubler, Ols. [£ prec’ v. +-ER: cf, 
DistURBLER.] One who troubles or Py eee 

1440 Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dystrobelar of pe pece [v. . 
disturbeler), ¢urdator, pert or. 1§.. Exam, W. 
Thorpe in Arb. Garner VI. 56 All suc 
Holy Church. . 

Distrue, distruie, obs. ff. DesrRroy. 

+ Distru'ss, v. Obs: [ad. OF. destrousser to 
unpack (mod.F. dérousser to unfasten), f. des- 
(Dis- 4) + ¢rousser to pack, Truss.] 

trans, To strip or plunder ; hence, to defeat, rout. 
Also fig. 

op an Bochas vi. vi. (1354) 144, The distrussing 
of hys chiualrie. did. v1. ix. (1554) 155a, Pompey .. Dis- 
trussed was, A yi; death. i476 Sir J. Pasvon in 
Paston Lett. No. 776 11, 162 The Swechys.,berded hym 


distroublers of — 


DISTRUSTFUL. 


at an onsett and hathe Pe hym. 1g27 Sf, 
Pa, Hen, VIII, 1. 238 Mon* Mont had distrussed, taken, 
oa Goat 2 grete carrikes of Ieane (Genoa). 

b. To seize or off as plunder. 

1548 Hart Chron., Hen. VIIT, (an. 5) (1800) 539 So thei 
distrussed the victailes and FSi AERC Vecx-.& 
flei toward Guisnes. 

Distrust (distrast), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Trust 
sb.; cf, next.] Absence or want of trust ; lack of 
confidence, faith, or reliance ; doubt, suspicion. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 809 .-in such 
hatred and distrust of other. 1581 Petrie 's Civ, 
Conv, 1. 19b, Through distrust in himselfe, or for some 
other defect. . Harris /ron Age 291 The Ger- 
mans, by their dissentions, and distrusts, have much 
weak; the Empire. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 194 
P 10 So little distrust has my pupil of his own abilities, 
1798 Sourney Sonnets xi, a speedy friend, the 
Arabian said, And wisely was it he advised distrust. 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 258°A deep mutual distrust whi 
had been many years growing..made a treaty impossible. 

b. The fact of being distrusted ; loss of credit. 

1667 Mitton P. L. xt. 166 To mee reproach Rather belongs, 

distrust and all dispraise. : 
ce. Breach of trust, the proving false to trust. 
~ 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1x. 6 Foul distrust and breach Dis- 


loyal on the part of Man, revolt, And disobedience. 
Distrust (distra'st), v. 


[f. Dis- 6 + Trust v.; 
perh. after L. d¢ftdere. Found intrans. in “eae 


but app. not in ordinary use till the 16th c. 

+1. intr. a. with of: To have a doubt or dread 
of; to suspect. [Cf OF. difier de.| Obs. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, I durst not, di of 
myschyefe, Accomplyshe — it came to the e. 

+b. with of, 7, to: To be without confidence in. 

1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 25 To write more touching 
this point, I..am ashamed, least I should seeme to distrust 
of your wisedome. 1582 N. Licneriep tr. Castanheda's 
Cong. E. Ind. \xxi. 144 Howe sadde and heauie .. he went 
away distrusting in the victory. 1654 R. Coprincton tr. 
Justine 231 Distrusting to their arms, /éid., Distrusting 
to the Macedons. 1671 H. M. tr. Collog. Erasm. 208 Dis- 
trusting in mine own strength, I wholl rely upon him, 

+c. with for: To doubt or fear for the safety 
of. Ods. 

1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely 1. 3 marg., The Hungarians dis- 
trust for their Civil Priviledges. . 

2. ¢rans. To do the opposite of trusting; to 
withhold trust or confidence from ; to put no trust 
in, or reliance on, the statements or evidence of. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm, Par. Matt. v. (R.), He y* 
requireth y* othe doeth distrust that other partie, 160r Suaks. 
Twel. N.W. iii. 13, 1 am readie to distrust mine eyes, And 
wrangle with my reason that perswades me To any other 
trust. 1710 BerkeLtey Princ. Hum, Knowl.§ 88 We see 
philosophers distrust their senses, and doubt of the existence 
of heaven and earth. 1776 Gispon Deci. §& F. I. xix. a 
He feared his generals, and distrusted his ministers. 
Prescorr Peru II. 241 Any one who has occasion to com- 
ary his narrative with that of contemporary writers will 

nd frequent cause to distrust it. 

absol. 1602 Saks. Ham. u. ii, 175 Though I distrust, 
Discomfort you (my Lord) it nothing must. 

b. To entertain doubts concerning; to call in 
question the reality, validity, or genuineness of ; 
not to rely upon. 

a A. Day Eng. Secretary t. (1625) 87 Thy knowne good 
will..assureth me not to distrust the same at thy hands, 
1611 Bisie 2 Macc. ix. 22 Not distrusting mine health, but 
hauling Areat hope to escape this sicknes. 1781 Gisson Decé. 
§ F. 111, 63 A tyrant, whose. . officers appeared to distrust, 
either the justice, or the success, of his arms. 1875 Jowerr 
Plato (ed. 2) 1, 28, I altogether distrust my own power of 
determining this. 

+e. with zzf Not to trust, to have no con- 
fidence. Ods. 

1626 C, Porter tr. Sarpi’s Hist. Quarrels 144 The Pope, 
distrusting to obtaine from Leas that which he desired. 

ks. 1738 I. 103, 1 shall not 


1642 Mitton Afol, Smect. 
distrust to be acquitted of pr 

+4. with infin. phr. or clause: To have suspi- 
cion ; to suspect. Ods. 

1628 Witner Brit. Rememd, Pref. 190 Distrust, that we 
discry their secret'st plots. 1660 F'. Brooke tr. Le Blane's 
Trav. 292 The Arabians, whom he distrusted to be of his 
nephews party. 1707 Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 331, 1 dis- 
trust that Monconys had added something of his own to 
what Kircherus told him. 

Hence Distru:sted /f/. a., Distru‘sting vd/. sb. 


and pf. a. 
1549 CoverDaLe, etc. Erasm. Par. A i. 6 (R.), Let him 
ask without Maree a heey doubt or wauering. 1621 
Frorio, Sfidate, chal nged, defied, distrusted, 1614 Br. 
Hatt Recoll. Treat. 97 A base and distrusting mind. 
Jer. Tavtor Holy Dying iv. § 1 (R.), God hath creat; 
physician for thine }: therefore use him .. 
uncivil distrustings. x! 


Distrusting Man ! lous sight. 
*Distru-ster. [f. prec. vb.+-ER'.] One who 
distrusts. 

1636 Hensuaw Hora Succ. 122 When our Saviour would 
ut to silence the distrusters of his time. 1889 Horm (U.S.) 
ee 502 Distrusters of human nature. 1893 West, Gas. 


22 Nov. 7/2 Distrusters of trades unions. 
Distrustful (distrz'stfiil), a. [f. Distrust 
sb. +-FUL,] 
1. Full of or marked by distrust in oneself or 
others ; wanting in confidence, diffident ; doubtful, 
suspicious, incredulous, 


Suaxs. 1 Hen, VI, 1. ii. 127 Distrustfull_ Recreants, 
Fiche till the last gaspe: ile be yourguard. @x600 Hooxer 


Rosr. Witson Pleas. Piety u. 


re 


. 


ppl. a. 


DISTRUSTFULLY. 


Serm. Faith in Elect Wks. 1888 III. 473 By distrustful and 
doubtful em ans, of that, which we ought stedfastly to 
ieve. 1654 Trarp Comm. Ps. xxvii. x Faith fortifieth the 
heart against distrustful fears. 1748 Cursterr. Le/¢. (1792) 
IL. clxi. 82 Being justly distrustful that men in general look 
upon them in a trifling light. 18:0 Sournry Aehama v1. vi, 
Distrustfal of the sight, She moves not, fearing to disturb 
The deep and full delight. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl, II. x. 103, 
I became. .distrustful as to the chance of our ever living to 
gain the open water. : : 
2. Causing or giving rise to distrust. (Cf. seespz- 
cious, fearful, doubtful, in analogous use.) rare. 
1618 //ist. P. Warbeck in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 70 
Loth to remain amongst such distrustful enemies, he quietly 
returned to his most assured friend, the ay Margaret. 
1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2100/5 In despight of all Turbulent, 
Seditious, and Distrustful Principles. 1840 Dickens O/d C. 
Shop xv, Places that had shown ugly and distrustful all 
night long, now wore a smile. 
Distra: , adv. [f. prec. + -LY2.] In 
a distrustful manner; with distrust ; suspiciously. 
1611 Cotcr., Souspeconneusement, suspitiously, distrust- 
fully. x16x2 T. Taytor Comm. Titus ii. 12 Neither be so 
distrustfully prouident, as though thou hadst no father to 
rouide for thee. 1653 Mitton Psadms iii. 5 Many are they 
That of my life distrustfully thus say, ‘No help for him in 
God there lies’, 1859 Dickens 7. 77vo Cities 1. ii, The 


- guard..and the two other passengers eyed him distrust- 


fully. 

Distrustfulness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality or state of being distrustful; want of 
confidence, diffidence ; suspiciousness. 

1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 500 Originall sinne, that 
is the hatred of God. -foolishnesse, distrustfulnesse, despera- 
tion, 163 Gouce God's Arrows 11. § 80. 336 Distrustful- 
nesse, and doubting of good successe. 1860 W. CoL.ins 
Wom, White i. iv. 444 Whom the ceaseless distrustfulness 
of their governments had followed privately. 

Distru'stiness. Os. vare—'. [f. an as- 
sumed adj. *distrusty (f. Dis- 10 + Trusty) + 
-NESS.] = prec. 

1579 Iwyne Phisicke agst. Fort. u. cxix. 321 a, He applied 
him selfe vnto the want of fayth in him, with whom he com- 
muned, or the distrustinesse of the time in which he liued. 

+ Distru'stless, «. Ols. [f. Distrust sd. + 
-LESS.] Void of distrust, doubt, or suspicion ; 
confident ; unsuspecting, 

1611 SpeED //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. § 48 [This] made him 
distrustlesse of attaining easily his wished successe. 1615 
G. Sanpys Trav. iv. 234 Droue the distrustlesse Turkes .. 
into the sterne, 1728 Morcan A dgiers I. Pref. 13 Distrust-, 
less Hans was seized on. @1763 SHENSTONE Economy 1. 66 
Poets..distrustless, scorn the treasured gold. 

Distruy(e, distrye, obs. forms of Destroy. 

Distuing, var. Distincur v. Obs. 

Distune (disti#-n),v. [f. Dis-6 or 7+ Tune.] 
trans. To put out of tune. Hence Distu:ned 


1484 Caxton Lyfe Our Ladye Div/2 (R. Supp.), The 
clapper of his distuned belle. 1598 Sytvester Du Bartas 
u. 1. Furies Argt., Their Harmonie dis-tuned by His iarre, 
1664 J. Witson Andronicus Comnenius u. iii, Distune a 
viol, And you may set it to what tone you please. 1755 
Pearsatt Contempt. Harvest (ed. 2) 1. 177 His harp, .dis- 
tuned in every string. 1887 SwinsurNE Locrine iv. i. 209 
A broken chord Whose jar distunes the music. 

Jig. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 96 Where the 
spirits are so distuned. 1667 FLavet Saint Indeed (17 54) 04 
It [anger] distunes the spirit for duty. 180x Lams ¥. Woodvil 
1v, O most distuned and distempered world. 1887 Swin- 
BURNE Locrine 1, i, 292 What thought distempers and 
distunes thy woe? 

Disturb (distd1b), v. Forms: 3-6 des-, dys-, 
4-6 dis-, -torbe, -tourbe, -turbe, 6 distowrb, 
-trub, -troub, 6- disturb. [ME. destorden, 
destourben, a. OF. destorbe-r, -turbe-r, -tourbe-r, = 
Pr., OSp. destorbar (Sp. disturbar), It. disturbare, 
sturbare:—L. disturbare to throw into disorder, 
disturb, f. Dis- 5 + ¢urbdre to disorder, disturb, f. 
turba tumult, turmoil, crowd.] 

1. trans. To agitate and destroy (quiet, peace, 
rest); to break up the quiet, tranquillity, or rest of (a 
person, a country, etc.) ; to stir up, trouble, disquiet. 
, ¢1290 Beket 1268 in S. Eng. Leg. 142 A destaunce pare 
is i-sproungue, li3tliche in Engelonde, Pat destourbez al pat 


lond, R. Grove. (1724) ynges neuew, bo he 
herde pis, Was wrob, and pol de al be court y ig 
1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) 11. 347 Jupiter pat was ful 
cruel and desturbed pe pees. 


1467 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 408 
Wherby the kynges pes be phen Be] 1530 Patscr. 522/1, 
I have a sewte to you, but I dare nat distourbe you. did. 
523/t, I distroybe, I troubyll. 1392 Suaxs. Row. & Ful.1.i. 
98 Three ciulff Broyles. .Haue thrice disturb’d the quiet of 
our streets. 1 RYDEN Virg. Georg. 1v. 279 No buzzing 
Sounds disturb their Golden Sleep. 17or De For True-born 
Eng. 1. 9 No Nonconforming Sects disturb his Reign. 1882 
Pesopy Eng. Yournalism xxiii. 185 Burmah was disturbed, 
a correspondent was i ly despatched to Mandalay. 
1885 Marg. Satissury Speech 4 Nov., Lord Granville says 
that I have disturbed the Sleeping lion. 
b. To throw into a state of physical-agitation, 
commotion, or disorder ; to agitate. 

1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner B iij, Mulberries .. 
Breede winde: disturbe the stomacke. 1650 H. VauGuan 
Silex Scint. 1, (1858) 105 The famous fan Purging the floor 
which chaff distur! 1665 Sir ‘I, Hersert 7rav. (1677) 24 

he sea raged and seemed disturbed as it is under don- 
bridge. 1817-18 SHELLey Rosalind § H. 838 Like an image 
in the lake Which rains disturb. 

ce. To move anything from its settled condition 
or position ; to unsettle, : 
Vou, III, 


537 


1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 215 Disturb not their 
Beds, but hand-weed them, 1815 SHELLEY Alastor 261 
With lightning eyes, and eager breath, and feet Disturbing 
not the drifted snow. 1856 Emerson “ug. 7rails, Lit. 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 103 A strong common sense, which it is 
not’ easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for 
a thousand years. Mod. Do not disturb the plants after they 
show signs of bloom. Plant it in some permanent position 
where it will not be disturbed. 

2. To agitate mentally, discompose the peace of 
mind or calmness of (any one) ; to trouble, perplex. 

¢1305 Edmund Conf. 369 in E. E. P. (1862) 80 Per ne ful 
no3t a reynes drope to desturbi a manes mod. 1382 Wyctir 
Ecc, vii. 8 [7] Chaleng disturbeth [1388 disturblith] the wise 
man. a 1400-50 Alexander 5159 Pan was ser Candoile in 
pat cas kenely distourbid. md RANT Horace Epist. v1. 
C viij, Both parties are distrubde with feare. 1684 R. H. 
School Recreat. 85 Let not this or any other Pastime dis- 
turb your Minds. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 204 P 13 
Having been first disturbed by a dream, he afterwards 
grieved that a dream could disturb him. 1856 FrouprE ///s¢. 
Eng. (1858) I. ii. 150 She was not a person who would have 
been disturbed by the loss of a few Court vanities. 

3. To interfere with the settled course or operation 
of; to put out of its course; to interrupt, derange, 
hinder, frustrate. 

c1290 Beket 380in S. Eng. Leg. I. 117 Pe loue was euere gret 
i-nou3 bi-tweone seint thomas And pe Kinge, for-to pe feond 
destourbede hit, allas! ¢1380 S7r Ferm, 2456 pe bef ber ri3t 
scholde haue leyen by ys lef, Nad he come po as god wolde 
& distorbed bat myschef. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 98 
Men may ga sauely and sikerly thurgh his land and na man 
beso hardy to disturbe bam. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. 
(1568) II. 788 She devised to disturbe this mariage. 1626 
Bacon Sylva § 224 Sounds that moue in Oblique and Arcuate 
Lines must needs encounter and Disturbe the one the 
other. 1784 Cowrer Vash 11. 492 Praise. .Is oft too welcome, 
and may much disturb The bias of the purpose. 1875 JowEerr 
Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 42 Ina mathematical demonstration an error 
in the original number disturbs the whole calculation which 
follows. 1883 Sir W. WittiaMs in Law Times Rep, XLIX. 
139/2 No sufficient grounds have been shown for disturbing 
that judgment or for granting a new trial. 

+b. with z2zf. To hinder by interference. Ods. 

1386 Cuaucer Meld, » 11 He is a fool that destourbeth 
the mooder to wepen in the deeth of hire childe, til sche 
haue wept hir fille, as for a certein tyme. ¢ 1391 — Astro/. 
I. § 2 This ring rennyth .. in so Rowm a space that hit dis- 
turbith nat the instrument to hangen aftur his rihte centre. 

+4. With of, from: To deprive of; to drive, turn, 
or draw away from, by disturbance. Ods. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 162 He .. pet no muruhde, ne noise, ne 
prung of folc ne muhte letten him of his beoden, ne disturben 

im of his god. ¢1305 Kdmund Conf. 417 in £. E. P. (1862) 
82 Ne let noman in gon To desturbi me of mie studie. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Pard, Prol. & 7, 12 (Ellesm.) ‘That no man be so 
boold..Me to destourbe [so Hengwrt, Corpus, Harl. 7334; 
Lansd, destorble, Bod?, 686 distrouble] of Cristes hooly 
werk, 1658 RowLanp Moufet's Theat, Ins. 899 Bees are 
most patient of labour in the day time, but most impatient 
of being scared in the night, and of being disturbed of their 
rest. 1667 Mitton P, L. 1, 168 So as perhaps Shall grieve 
him. .and disturb His inmost counsels from their destind aim. 

b.. Law. To deprive of the peaceful enjoyment 
or possession of. See DistuRBANCE 4. 

(rz92 Britton mu. xxv. § i, Ceux qi de commune sount 
engittez ou destourbez. ¢vans/, ‘Those who are ejected or 
disturbed of their common.] 1541 Acé 33 Hen. VITT, c. 32 
‘The vicar of the parishe.. wolde now disturbe the said 
tenauntes and inhabitauntes of their saide parishe church. 
1865 NicHots Aritton I. 285 If one of the parceners be 
ejected or disturbed of his seisin. 1870 FisHEr Digest Rep. 
Cases Il. 3319 An action against a stranger for disturbing 
the plaintiff in his pew. 

+ Disturb, 5. Ols. _ 
disturbing ; a thing that disturbs ; disturbance. 

[1594 Suaks. Rich. /7/, 1. ii. 73 Foes to my Rest, and my 
sweet sleepes disturbers [Qg. disturbes].] 1597 DanieL Civ. 
Wars v1. x\vii, From all Disturbs to be so long kept free. 
1667 Mitton P. L. vi. 549 Instant without disturb they took 
Allarm, And onward move Embattelld. 

[a. OF. destor- 


Disturbance (distd-1bans). 
bance, destour-, destur- (12th c. in Godef.), f. des- 


[f. the vb.] An act of 


tourber to DISTURB: see -ANCE.] The action of | 


disturbing or fact of being disturbed, 

1. The interruption and breaking up of tranquil- 
lity, peace, rest, or settled condition; agitation 
(physical, social, or political). 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 436 Pe erl Tebaude de Bleys. .dys- 
toutped pe peys, And 5 aa yng Henryes rede made des- 
tourbance. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvit. clxxxvi. 
(1495) 727 Of suche dystourbance and stryfe and contrary- 

nesse comyth stronge boyllyng and dureth vnto the hete hath 

maystry. 1 Ord. Worcester in Eng. Gilds 388 Disturb- 

aunce of the seid pease, 1576 FLeminc Panofi. Epist. 334 
That hee might live quietly in Rome: for..some there were 

that sought hisdisturbaunce. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandels/o's 

Trav. 256 Such as tend to the disturbance of the publick 
peace. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 7yav. (1677) 30 The Sea was 

.. smooth, and no disturbance by wind to curl the waves, 

rto make it frothy, 1741-2 H. WatroLe Lett. H. Mann 
Cissy) I. xviii. 63 The. election without any disturb- 

ance. 1855 Bain Senses § /ut. 1. ii. § 2 In most cases of bodily 
irritation we can assign the place or seat of the disturbance. 

1860 ‘TyNDALL Glac. I. vii. 49 The slightest disturbance was 

sufficient to bring them down. 


b. with ¢@ and g/.: An instance of this; sfec. a 


breach of public peace, a tumult, an uproar, an out- 
break of disorder. 

Atmospheric disturbance, a change in atmospheric condi- 
tions putting an end to calm weather. 

1297 R. Grouc., (1724) 514 ‘Tho bigan ther in this lond 
a newe destourbance. 1 Frorio, Sturbo, sturbamento, 
a trouble, a vexation, a disturbance, 1608 SHaks, Per. UL 


DISTURBED. 


ii. 37, I can speak of the disturbances That nature works, 
and of her cures. 1667 Mitton P. L. x. 897 Innumerable 
Disturbances on Earth through Femal snares. 1844 H. H. 
Witson Brit. /ndia 11, 98 With their apprehension the dis- 
turbances ceased. 1875 Cham. Frul.cxxxit. 8 Telegraphic 
intelligence of storms or atmospheric disturbances. 1 
Daily News 30 Oct., A disturbance will arrive on the North 
British and Norwegian Coasts . attended by. .strong winds 
or gales, rain or snow. 

2. Interruption of mental tranquillity or cquani- 
mity; mental agitation, excitement, discomposure. 

1387 Trevisa Higiden (Rolls) III. 207 (Matz.) Pictagoras 
wip harpe and strenges cessede be destourbaunce of wittes. 
1398 — Barth. De P. R.v.v. (1495) 108 In the eyen is 
seen and knowen the distourbaunce and gladnesse of the 
soule. 1576 FLteminc Panofl. Epist. 204 ‘Yo any ones dis- 
turbaunce and vexation, 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 
(1677) 23 To allure the hearts of greedy men, to afford them 
disturbance, 175 Jounson Rambler No. 126 » 7 One 
whose reigning disturbance was the dread of house-breakers. 
1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 271 The dislike felt by the 
comfortable classes towards the trouble of thought and the 
disturbance of thought. 

3. Interference with the regular or due course or 
continuance of any action or process ; molestation. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 7700 (Trin.) Saul sou3te dauid to quelle 
Often fel so be chaunce Was pere but goddes disturbaunce. 
1393 Gower Conf. 1.181 Envie.. began to travaile In dis- 
turbaunce of this spousaile. c1q00 Berxyn 3981 A saff con- 
dit.. That he may com & pas withouten disturbaunce. 1513 
More in Grafton Chyon, II. (1568) 766 ‘This demeanor 
attempted. .against the king..in the disturbance of his 
coronation. 1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. /ndia 102 ‘To withstand 
his men from disturbance of his enterprise. 1711 ADDISON 
Spect, No. 262 P 6 That he may let the ship sail on without 
disturbance. 185r Ruskin Stones Ven, (1874) I. xx. 218 We 
are to follow the labour of Nature, but not her disturbance, 

4. Law. (See quet. 1765-9.) 

[1292 Britton 1. xi. § 7 Et ausi est home disseisi quel 
houre ge ly ou sa meyné soit destourbé de user sa peissible 
seisine par autre qi i cleyme fraunc tenement par teles des- 
tourbances.] 1598 CArld Marriages 164 He, the said Robert 
Fletcher, shall.,enioie the same shop as tenant. . without the 
lett or disturbans of the said John Allen, his executors, or 
Assignes. 1613 Sir H. Fixcu Law (1636) 291 An assise 
which may bee either of his owne or his ancestors possession 
called an assise of darrein presentment is upon a disturbance 
when himselfe or his ancestor did last present. 1765-9 
Brackstone (Mason), Disturbance is a wrong done to some 
incorporeal hereditament, by hindering or disquieting the 
owners in their regular, and lawful enjoyment of it. 1768 
— Comm, 111, 236 Disturbance of franchises happens, when 
a man has the franchise of holding a court-leet, of keeping a 
fair or market [etc.] and He is disturbed or incommoded in 
the lawful exercise thereof. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex, 
Disturbance.,Vhere are five sorts of this injury, viz., dis- 
turbance of (1) franchise, (2) common, (3) ways, (4) tenure, 
and (s) patronage. 

+ Distu'rbancy. 0¢s. rare. [f. prec. or next: 
see -ANCY.] Condition or state of disturbance. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wars vit. xcix, As exiles even from your 
homes You live perpetuall in disturbancy. 1603 — ///st. 
Poems (1717) 350 Some Hearts are blinded so, that they 
Have divers Doors whereby they may let out ‘Their Wills 
abroad without Disturbancy. 

ad. L. 


Disturbant (distdabant), @. and sé. 
disturbant-em, pr. pple. of disturbare to DISTURB: 
see -ANT. Cf. AF. destourbant.] 

A. adj. That disturbs; agitating, disquieting. 

1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 12 Disturbant aberrations 
deprived us of all peace. 1645 Arraignm. Persecution 30 
Their Religion though different was not disturbant to the 
State. 1702 C. Martner Magn. Chr, vu. ii. (1853) IL. 497 
‘These things were. .disturbant and offensive. 1829 SouTHEY 
O. Newman ix, Had they from such disturbant thoughts 
been free. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. ILI. 1. iv. § 12. 52 
The fantasy which I have just been blaming as disturbant 
of the simplicity of faith. 

B. sé. One who disturbs; a disturber. a. Law. 
= DISTURBER 2. 

1865, Nicnots Britton 11. 172 In cases of contumacy ; as, 
where the tenant or the disturbant [/e tenaunt ou le des- 
tourbant] appears in court, and contemptuously departs. 

b. = DIsSTURBER I. 

1894 Catholic News 16 June 7/2 The disturbants gained 
admission to the park by a wicket. ; 

Hence + Distu'rbantly adv., by way of disturb- 
ance. Ods. 

@1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 138 They are not able dis- 
turbantly to assail us. ; : 

+Disturba'tion. Ods. [ad. L. disturbation- 
em, n. of action from désturbare to DIsTURB.] The 
action of disturbing ; = DistURBANCE, 

1529 Will of Sir }. Dighy, Leicestersh. (MS.) Without 
‘ett or interruption or disturbacon of the said John Digby. 
xsg0 R. Hicucock Quintessence Wit 54, To deliuer their 
owne kingdomes from those disturbations. 1658 A. Fox 
Wurtz’ Surg. 1. v. 59 Tarrying would ‘prove.. prejudicial 
to the wounded, by reason of his bleeding, and other dis- 
turbatioris. 4 Z 

Distuwrbative, «. vare. [f. L. désturbat- ppl. 
stem +-IVE: see -ATIVE.] Of disturbing tendency 
or character. 

1842 Miss Coste.to Pilger. Auvergne \. 77 Our journey, 
independently of the disturbative character of our driver, 
was pleasant. 1846 — Your Venice 143 Monza, which 
formerly had a monastic character of quiet silence, is now 
noisy and disturbative. 

Disturbed (distd-1bd, -éd), Af7. a. [f. DisturB 
v. + -ED1,] Disquieted; agitated; having the 
settled state, order, or position interfered with. 

rsg2 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 340 He..Looks on the dullearth 

ith disturbed mind. 1601 — Jud. C. 1. iii. 40 gas dis- 


DISTURBEDLY. 


turbed Skie is not to walk in. 1763 Scrarton Jndostan 
7 0) 50 He had ever after a disturbed imagination. 1830 

sraewt Chas. /, 111. i, 9 Four years of a disturbed reign 
had taught the Sovereign some lessons. 1838 J. W. CRokER 
in C. Papers (1884) II. xx, 323 Rheumatism in his neck .. 

ves him a distur! air, 1860 Tyna Glac. u. xvii. 315 

crevasses. .in the more disturbed portions of glaciers. 

Hence Distu'rbedly (-édli) adv.; Disturbed‘ 
ness. 

1731 Baie (ed. 5), Disturbedly, interruptedly. /did., 
Disturbedness, disorderliness, interruption. 1807 SouTHEY 
Espriella’s Lett. U1. 339 The dog is uneasy .. and the cat 
wanders disturbedly from room to room. 

Disturber ((listd-1bo1). Also 3-5 -our, 6-9 -or. 
[ME. a. AF. destourbour = OF. destorbeor :—L. 
type *disturbator-em, agent-n, from disturbare to 
DIstTuRB.] 

1. A person or thing that disturbs, disquiets, or 
interferes with peace or quiet; one who causes 
tumult or disorder; a troubler. 

c1ago Beket 1102 in S. Eng. Leg. 1.138 He was fals and 
for-swore: and destourbour of pe londe. 1548 Act 2& 3 
Edw, V1, c. 23. § 2 Inflicting all such Pains upon the Dis- 
obedients and Disturbers [of matrimony]. 1588 Suaxs. 
Tit, A.1v. iv. 6 How euer these disturbers of our peace 
Buz in the peoples eares. “a R. Goprrey Jay. §& Ad. 
Physic 8 That are rather disturbers than aiders of Nature. 
1 Wycuertey Let. to Pope 1 Apr., There I can have you 
without Rivals or Disturbers. 1764 Westey ¥rn/. 10 Sept., 
Only one man, a common disturber, behaved amiss. 1883 
Froupe in Contemp. Rev. XLIV. 14 Little inclined ..to 
favour a disturber of the public peace. 

2. Law. (also disturbor.) One who disquiets or 
hinders another in the lawful enjoyment of his 
right : see esp. quot. 1767. 

1498-9 Plumpton Corr. 133 To hae a spoliacion in the 
spirituall court agaynst the preyst that now occupyeth, 
because he is one disturber. 1726 AyLiFFE Parergon 41 
When a Bishop refuses a Clerk for Insufficiency, and the 
Patron thereupon presents another, such Bishop shall be 
deemed a Disturber, if he afterwards within the six months 
presents the first Clerk presented to him, *787 BLACKSTONE 
Comm. 11. 278 If the bishop refuse or neglect to examine 
and admit the patron’s clerk, without good reason assigned 
or notice given, he is stiled a disturber by the law, and shall 
not have ay title to present by lapse. 1865 Nicnois Britton 
Iv. i. § 2 Unless the disturbor or deforceor [/e destourbour ou 
deforceour] can shew plain reasons to the contrary. 

stu‘rbing, 74/.5). [f. DistuR v. + -1NG1.] 
The action of the verb DisturB; disturbance. 
(Now only gerundial.) 

I Ayenb. 225 Alneway he may bleue ine his spoushod 
yee ne is non oper destorbinge. 1 Wycur Ps, xxx. 
21 Thou schalt hide them in the hid place of thi face ; fro 
the disturbyng of men [Vulg. conturbatione ; 1388 distur- 
blyng). 1597 J. Kinc On Yonas (1618) 76 Discountenancings, 
disturbings, dispossessings of them, [1776 G.Sempte Build- 
in, in Water st The disturbing our Stages, Utensils, &c.] 

stu'rbing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING*.] 
That disturbs ; see the verb. 

1592 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 649 Where Love reigns, disturbe- 
ing Jealousy Doth call himself Affection’s sentinel. 1812-6 
Prayrair Nat. Phil. (ed. 3) 11. 259 From the disturbing force 
in the direction of the radius vector, he determined the Moon's 
nearest approach to the Earth, and farthest recess from it. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 3 This uncertainty .. is a 
disturbing element. ; re 
Hence Distu'rbingly adv., disquietingly. 

1880 New Virginians 1. 200 The old man groaned. .louder 
and more disturbingly. 1886 H. James Bostonians 11. 11. 
xxiv, 120 She was so disturbingly utiful. 

+Disturblance, Ods.  [f. next + -aNcE: 
prob, from a corresponding AF. form: cf. Dis- 
TROUBLANCE.] = DISTURBANCE. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8141 Seys now 
hym al pe desturblance, & where-of comep pat wonder 
chaunce. 1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode u. v. (1869) 77 Pe 
disturblaunce cometh of bin ouertrowinge. c¢1449 Pecock 
Repr. 401 Grete..disturblauncis and debatis. c¢ 1450 St. 
Cuthbert (Surtees) 4629 Wha so did paim disturblaunce. 

+ Distu'rble, v. Ods. Also des-, -tourble. 
(ME. a. OF. destorbler, -turbler, -tourbler, f. des- 
Dis- 1 + fordler, turbler, tourbler, early forms of 
trobler, troubler to TROUBLE (:—L. *turbulare, f. 
turbula, turbare). In the simple verb, the form 
trouble was from the first prevalent; in the 
derivative, des-, disturble was the earlier form, and 
(supported by DisrurB) survived to ¢ 1500, when 
it yielded to DistROUBLE (q.v.).] 

trans. To disturb, trouble. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 1106 pat pey ne 
4 nought vs to wrye, Ne desturble me my weye. ¢1380 

yeLir Sel, Wks. III, 134 Ire distourblis monnis witte. 
ros xiv. 26. cx1400 Three Kings Cologne 9 
All pe citee was gretlich desturbled of her sodeynlic’ 
pees ba 1440 Promp, Parv. 123/1 Dysturbelyn [dis- 
troublyn, P.], ¢u70, conturbo, 1480 Caxton Chron, Eng. 
Ixi. 45 ‘They ne were distourbled of noo man ne lette. 

Hence + Distu'rbling v//. 5d.; + Distu'rbler. 

1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 254 Edward, .salle 
Philip be Kyng Alle holy Gascoyn, withouten disturblyng. 

Disturbler [see Distrousier]. ¢¥ Prcock Kepr. 
1. li, 139 Scisme sowers and disturblers of t le. 1481 
Caxton ec el pie 48 They..had the water 
Pistae not..so grete distourblyng. 
¥3 : see DISTURBER 2. 
+Disturdison. Obs. rare. [app. derived, 
with — of prefix, from OF. estordison, estour- 
dison (:—L, type *exturdition-em), from estordir, 
mod. F, ¢tourdir, to ‘stun, stupefy.] Stunned or 


538 


stupefied condition; a state of unconsciousness 
caused by a blow or the like. 

¢ 1450 Merlin 266 Withynne a while a-roos the saisne fro 
disturdison, and saugh hem a-boute hym. /¢éd. 268 The 
saisnes a-bode a-boute her lorde that was caste down and so 
diffouled vnder horse feet, whereof he was so sorowfull whan 
he a-roos from disturdison. 

Disturf, v. rare. [Dis- 7 a] trans. To 
deprive of turf. 

1858 Lyrron What will he do u. xi, The play-ground 
[was] disturfed to construct fortifications. 

+ Disturn, v. Obs. Also 4-3 des-, 5-6 dys-, 
-torn(e, -tourn‘e. [a. OF. destourne-r, in 11th c. 
desturner (mod.F. détourner, whence DEtuRN), f. 
des-, dé- (DE- I. 6) + tourner to TURN.] ¢rans. 
To turn aside or away ; to avert, divert, pervert. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1. 669 (718) Thy fader a al 
pilke harme disturne Of grace. 1483 Caxton Gol €: 
138 b/2 Dyuerse thoughtes and occasions by whyche they 
dystorned for to do wel. 1490 — Eneydos xxi. 75 She.. 
dystourned her eyen from the lyghte. 1537 Starkey in 
Strype Eccl, Mem. 1. App. Ixxxi. 195 You could never have 
distorned your wit and eloquence. .to spot your honour and 
name. a 163r Donne Lament. Jeremy u. xiv, Which might 
disturne thy bondage, 

Disturnpike (distd-mpaik), v. [D1s- 7 b.] 
trans. To free (a road) from turnpikes; to make 
no longer a turnpike-road. Hence Distu'rnpiked 
ppl. a., Disturrnpiking vd/. sb. 

1872 Daily News 26 June, On Monday next, rst July, the 
remainder of the metropolis roads north of the Thames will 
be ‘disturnpiked.’ 1881 7 es 29 Mar. 9 The disturnpiking 
of main roads had seriously increased local burdens. 1882 
St. Zames’ Gaz. 2 June, To maintain milestones on disturn- 
piked roads. 1883 M. D. Cuatmers Local Govt. 133 Until 
1878, when a road was a it became an ordinary 
highway; but by the Act of that year it was provided that 
all roads disturnpiked after 1870 should be main roads. 

+ Distu'tor, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 7 b.] trans. 
To deprive of the position of tutor. 

1691 Woop Ath. Oxon. 11. 391 Being found guilty of 
a strange singular and superstitious way of dealing with his 
Scholars. -he was distutor'd in the month of May 1634. 

‘ne, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans. To 
disentwine, unfasten. 

1862 Puaer Aneid 1x.Ccj, Whose fal did Rutils whelme 
and brake their tortais roof distwynde. 

le (dai‘stail), sb. (a.) Arch. [f. Di-? + 
Gr. orvA-os column, pillar: so mod.F, distyle sb.] 
A porch having two styles or columns. Also attr7d. 
or as adj. Distyle in antis: see quot. 1865. 

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 412/2 The octagonal structure 
called the Tower of the Winds,..which has a small prostyle 
portal on two of its faces, .. each consisting of a simple 
distyle, or two columns and their entablature, surmounted by 
a pediment. /éid. 425/2 Converting the insulated piers 
below into columns of short and massive proportions, so as 
to produce a distyle in antis, 1865 J. Fercusson /sf. 
Archit, I. 167 A group of pillars ‘distyle in antis’ as it is 
technically termed, viz., two circular pillars between two 
square piers. /éid. 176 There are three other distyle halls 
or gates on the platform, 

istylous (daistai‘les), a. Bot. [f. as prec. + 
-ous.] Having two styles. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Distyne, obs. form of DESTINY. 

Disulphate (doaisvlft). Chem. 
SuLPHATE. ] 

+1. In earlier use, a salt containing one equiva- 
lent of gelpheri acid to two of base. Ods. 

a T. Tuomson Chem, Org. Bodies. 228 Solution of 
disulphate of cinchonina. c 1865 J. Wy-ope in Circ. Se. 1. 
417/1 Quinine, ..as a disulphate, has been. . Substituted, 

3. A salt containing two equivalents of sulphuric 
acid to one of base (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

8. Applied by some to a sulphate containing a 
hydrogen atom replaceable by a basic element or 
radical; an acid sulphate (Cent. Dict.). 

4. A salt of disulphuric acid, a py$osulphate. 

1877 Roscoe & Scnort. Chem, I. 345, The name disul- 

huric acid H»SeOr has been given to this substance, as it 

‘orms a series of very stable salts; thus sodium disulphate 
Na,S,07 is obtained by: heating the acid sodium sulphate 
HNaSOy, so long as water is given off. 

Disulphide (doisw'lfsid), Chem. [f. Di-2 + 
SutpHipg.] A compound in which two atoms of 
sulphur are united with another element or a radi- 
cal, as carbon disulphide, CS. + Formerly, a com- 
pound having one atom of sulphur united to two 
of another element, as disulphide of copper = 
we sulphide, Cu,S. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. C. heme II. 74 Hemisulphide of copper, 
or Cuprous Sulphide, Cup, also called Disulphide of copper. 
Found native as Co, ~elance. 1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem 
128 When deposit 
sulphur crystallizes in the ordinar 
form. 1895 Edin, Rev. Oct. 409 Carbon disulphide took it 
up more freely, 


ulpho- (daisw'lfo). Chem. [See Di-* 2 
and SuLPHo-.] In composition, denominating acids 
derived from two molecules of sulphurous acid. 
Hence Disulphosnic a. a 

1868 Warts Dict. Chem. V. 551 There is a grow acid 
ethers, (SO) R’’HrOy, deitved from a double ssdhechhe of 
sulphurous acid, Hys.0. by substitution of a diatomic 
alcohol-radicle for half the h rogen. These are the so-called 
disulpho-acids, which may also be formulated as compounds 


[f. D1-2 + 


natural or octahed 


from solution in carbon disulphide, 


| 


DISUNITE. 


of hydrocarbon with 2 at[oms of] Roscoe Elem, 
ener oop When ie der at, i sete 
Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1857 Anthracene treated with 
huric acid yields two disul; ic aci 
‘lphuret. Chem. 


phonic acids. 
[See Dr- 2 2 and Sur- 
PHURET.] = DISULPHIDE(in obs.and current senses). 

1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc., Chem. 491 The appli- 
cation of heat drives off one equivalent of its sulphur and 
converts it into the disulphuret. /d/d@, 500 Sub- or Di- 
sulphuret of Mercury. 

phuric (deiszifitievrik), a. Chem. In 
disulphuric acid, the same as pyrosulphuric or 
Nordhausen sulphuric acid, H,S,O, = 2(SO,OH) + 
O. Its salts are pyro- or di-sulphates. (So called 
because the molecule represents two molecules of 
sulphuric acid deprived of one of water.) 
+ Bits crs Dict, Chem. VIL. rr40. 
+ juna‘nimous, a2. Obs. rare. [D1s- 10.] 
Not unanimous; divided in mind. 

1728 Morcan Algiers 1. v. 166 So degenerate, so effemi- 
nate, and so disunanimous were they grown. 

Dis,wniform, a. ee 10.) The opposite 
of uniform; without uniformity. 

1 Norris Col?, Misc. 261 The Sun shines upon the 
Earth with a disuniform and unequal light. 1710 — Chr. 
Prud. iii. 115 Allis disuniform, because there is nothing to 
unite or regulate them, 1 H. Coventry Phil. to od 
u. (T.) Confused heaps end Temetilecen combinations. 

Dis,unifo‘rmity. [D1s-9.] Want or absence 
of uniformity; variety of form or appearance. 

1710 Norris Chr. Prud. vii. 326 If it [the body] be evil, it 
will be as full of darkness, all confusion and disuniformity. 
1876 Daily News 18 Mar., We laughed at their equipment 
«their disuniformity of costume. 

(disy#nifai), v. [Drs- 6.] trans. 
To do the opposite of unifying; to keep from 
unity. Hence recs 3 19 a. 

a Cycl. Temperance § Prohibition 393/% As a result 
oft ais disunifying measure, 

Disunion (disy#nion). [Drs- 9.] 

1. Rupture of union ; separation, severance ; dis- 
junction, 

1598 Marston Pygmad. v, 156 Chaos returne, and with 
éonfusion Inuolue the world with strange disunion. 
CockeraM, Disunion, aseuerimg. 1634 Writer Emblemes 
177 When disunion is begunne It breedeth dangers, where 
before were none. 1775 De Lote Eng. Const. Advt. (1784) 
12 A disunion of the empire was endeavoured to be pro- 
moted. 1 G. Wasuincton Lett, Writ. 189 XII. 204 
Foreigners would. .believe that inveterate political dissen- 
sions existed among us, and that we are on the very 
of disunion ; but the fact is otherwise. 1820 Scoressy Acc. 
Arctic Reg. 1. 346 Three boats. .were secured [to the fast- 
boat] by means of a rope, and towed without danger of dis- 
union. 1884 Act 47 & 48 Vict.c. 66 (¢itle) An Act od yt ng 
for the disunion of the Sees of Gloucester and Bristol. 

attrib. (cf. Disustonist a.] 1848 Lowe. Left. (1894) lL 
125, I do not agree with the abolitionists in their di 
and non-voting theories. a 1857 in Pall Mall G. 29 May 
(1865) 2 New York Dis-Union Anti-Slavery Convention— 
To be held at Albany in February, ry s 

2. Absence or want of union; disunited or sepa- 
rated condition ; dissension. 

1601 HoLtanp heer 1. 115 In this disunion, as it were, 
appeareth yet a brotherly fellowship and vnitie. 1659 B. 


aris Parival’s Iron — 287 By dis-union of wils 
amongst his friends. 1711 Suarress. Charac. v. iii. 937) 
tm 

G. 


III. 319 ee which the Dis-union 
CHALMERS Caledonia 1, 1. ii. 335 Ages of disunion and 


disaster. 1838 ‘Tuimtwatt Greece I11. xxv. 404 He com- 
plained . .of the disunion of the Sicilian Greeks. 
Disunio (disy#nionist). [f. prec. + -18T.] 


One who advocates or works for disunion: spec. 
a. In U.S. politics, One of those who, before or 
during the civil war of 1861-65, advocated a dis- 
solution of the Union. b. In English politics, 
applied controversially to an advocate of the yprenl 
or modification of the Act of Union with Ireland. 

Worcester cites Nortn, 1852 Blackw, Mag. 


LXXIIL. 47 The lation is divided really into Unionists, 
py ~ eta Lie Ce I S a ta 
wipnant Let. in Life (1891) L. iv. 1 are 
the Whigs and Democrats, and Ath tere. Disuntonleta 
and Federalists. 1861 Lowett £ Pluribus Unum Prose 


Wks. 1890 V. 52 It is time that we turned up our definitions 
in some more trustworthy dicti 
unionists and their. .accomplices. 
hold 5 Oct. 10/2 The Disunionists..seem to revel in fiery 
invective of a zoo! character, ; 
¢e. attrib. or as adj. y id a 
1884 Gotpw. Sarru in Contemp, Rev. Sepi317 
oucae movement in Ireland. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu, 
IL. - Ivi. 377 The disunionist spirit of the South which led 
to the war, 
So Disu‘nionism, the doctrine of disunionists. 
ant Swinsurne Stud. Prose § Poetry 102 Di 


Disunite (disyunai't), o. [f. Dis- 6+ Unrre.) 
1. trans? To undo the union of; to disjoin: a. 
from material union, é Pe 
F isgiongere . .todisioyne, to di todeuide. 
a3 Dewmkie elect. (iyo) 278 A porbediesesc unites * 


things most di ore Odyss. m1. 582 The beast 
auaay ahem divide, and disunite The ribs and limbs. 1830 
Lye. when 


’ Princ. Geol, (1875) 1. 1. pe Alkali, 
disunited from the Silica, would be dissolved, 
b. (more rae from immaterial union : 
To separate from alliance, conjoint action, ete. ; 
to set at variance, alienate, ‘S 


DISUNITE. 


1860 [see Disunirep below]. 1606 Suaxs. 7r. & Cr. u. 
iii, 109 Their fraction is more our wish than their faction ; 
but it was a strong counsell that a Foole could disunite. 
eon Reform. i. (1851) 53 Goe on both hand in hand, 
O Nations never to be dis-united. 1685 Drypen A /dion & 
Albanus u. Wks. 1883 VII. 257 Disturb their union, dis- 
unite theirlove. 1794 Soutney Wat Zyder u. i, They will 
use every art to disunite you .. Whom in a mass they fear. 
1852 Miss YonGre Cameos (1877) 1V. v. 62 That her father 
was not disunited from his first wife. 

2. intr. (for eft.) To sever or separate oneself ; 
to part ; to fall or come asunder. 

1675 G. R. tr. Le Grand’s Man Without Passion 146 The 
Spirit must disunite from the senses. @ 1716 Soutu (J.), The 
several joints of the jas politick do separate and disunite. 
1818 SHettey Rosalind § Helen 984 Strains of harmony, 
That mingle in the silent sky, Then slowly disunite. 1827 
Aixman Hist, Scot. 111. 1v. 435 The supplicants. .refused 
to disunite. 

3. Manége. (See quots.) , 

1727 Baiey vol. If. s.v., (With Horsemen) A Horse is 

- said to disunite, that drags his Haunches, that Gallops 
false. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 57 Cantering with the 
near fore, followed by the off hind, or off fore, followed by 
the near hind, is ‘ disunited’. 

Hence Disuni‘ted A//. a. (whence Disuni-tedly 
adv.) ; Disuni'ting v/. sb. and ffi. a. 

1860 Wuirenorne Arte Warre (1573) 19a, The disunited 
and discencious do agree. 1611 FLoxio, Disunimento, a 
disuniting. 165r Hoppers Leviath. u. xviii. 88 The confusion 
of a disunited Multitude. 1680 S. Marner /ren. 16 The 
severity of this dis-uniting principle. 1844 THIRLWALL Greece 
VIII. 2x Anumber of feeble disunited hordes. 1854 J. S. C. 
Assorr Napoleon (1855) I. xxvi. 490 ‘The disuniting of the 
army. 1871 R. Exis Catudlus |xiil. 84 So in ire she spake, 
adjusting disunitedly then her yoke. 

+ Dis,uni‘te, #//. a. Obs. [Short for disunzted, 
after L. anitus united.] = Dtsunirep. 

1642 H. More Song of Soud ut. 1. xviii, Sith the soul 
from them is disunite. 

Dis,uni‘ter. vare. [f. prec. vb. +-ER1.] One 
who or that which disunites. 

1755 Jounson, Divider..3. A disuniter; the person or 
cause that breaks concord. 

+ Dis,uni‘tion. 0ds. rare. [f. Disun17E z., after 
unition.| The action of disuniting ; disjunction, 
separation, disunion, 

161r CotGr., Aédstraict, a seperation, disunition, disiunc- 
tion. [x702 Clarendon’s Hist. Reb. xiv. § 149 II]. 444 
Disunition [other edd. disunion] and distinction of Parties.] 

Disunity (disy#niti). [Dr1s-9.] Want of 
unity; a state of separatioh, physical, political, 
social, or sentimental; dissension, discord. 

1632 Lirucow 7rav. x. 474 Diversities of Doctrine. .and 
hundreds of like disunities. 1767 Misc. in Ann. Reg. 209/2 
By the disunity of your nation, all the nations insult you. 
1884 Contemp. Rev. June 794 It is hard to tell the price 
London pays for its disunity. 

+ Disjuniverrsity, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s- 
7a.) trans. To deprive of a university. 

1665 Evans in Worthington Diary (1855) II. 1. 179 Cam- 
bridge is almost dis-universitied, and either there will be no 
winter term, or nothing to do in it. 

Disur, var. Disour Oés. 

Disury, obs. form of Dysury. 

+ Dis;w'sage. Oés. [f. Disuse v., after usage ; 
cf. obs. F. desusage (Cotgr.).] Discontinuance of 
a usage or practice; = DIsusE sd. I. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 26 That good courages of hertis be not 
mynissed. . for disusage and levyng armes for a litille season. 
1594 Hooker Ecc?. Pol. iv. xiv. § 3 To be abolished by dis- 
usage through tract of time. 1607 Schol. Disc. agst. 
Antichr, u. viii. 102 Nor [can] an angrie Iudge condemne 
vs for any thing else, then for disvsage of a trifle. 1712 
Prweaux Direct. Chwwardens (ed. 4) 104 After so long a 
disusage it would be in vain to attempt it. 

Disusance (disy#‘zans). rare. [f. as prec. after 
usance.] The fact of disusing; = DIsusE sé. 1. 

1685 Corton tr. Montaigne I11. 513 By disusance for ever 
to lose the commerce of the common life. 1880 H. C. Coorr 
Eng. Gild Kuts. 15 Disusance, compulsory rather than 
voluntary, had extinguished them both. 

Disuse (disyz's), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + UsE sd.] 

1. Discontinuance of use, practice, or exercise ; 
prolonged cessation from an action or practice. 

1gss2 Hutoet, Disusage or disuse, desuetudo. 160 
Hoiiann Plutarch’s Mor. 1255 Fashions .. well enoug 
knowen, though they be not practised: mary, strange they 
be by reason of disuse. 1 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 
iv. vi. 194 Nor is there any who from disuse did ever yet 
forget it. 1738 Oxford Methodists 9 The general disuse of 
a duty could not by any means excuse the neglect of it. 
1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. v. (1873) 108 Structures which can 
be best explained by the effects of disuse. 1885 Law Times 
23 May 68/2 His fine abilities rusting from disuse. 

+b. The being or becoming unused or unaccus- 
tomed (¢o anything) ; unaccustomedness. Ods. 

1570 Levins Jani. 194/43 Disuse, desuetudinis. 1580 
Hottysann 7veas. Fr. Tong, Desaccoustumance, disuse. 
1726 SHetvocke Moy. round World (1757) 419 It appeared 
to us to proceed more from disuse than disinclination to 
work, 1733 Swirr Afol. 135 Wks. 1755 1V.1. 213 Frighten’d 
at a scene so rude, ‘Through long disuse of solitude. 1792 
Map. D’Arsiay Diary V. vit. 369, I pleaded..my disuse 
to the night air at this time of the year. — 5 : 

¢, The condition or state of being no longer in 


use; desuetude. 

1699 Bentiey Phal. 455 The other acceptation of the 
word falling into disuse. 1705 Bosman Guinea 371 This 
Custom, which is..grown in disuse for several years past. 
1771 Gray in Corr. w. N. Nicholls (1843) 301 Many of 


539 


them have gradually dropped into disuse. 1889 I. ‘TayLor 
Orig. Aryans 126 The pile dwellings, being no longer 
needed, gradually fell into disuse. 

+2. The quality of being of no use; uselessness. 


Obs, rare—'. 
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. xxxvi. 60 Grief is like Ink 
ured into water, that fills the whole Fountain full of 
blackness and disuse. 

Disuse (disy‘z), v. Also 6 Sc. disose. [f. 
Dis- 6 + UsE v.] 

+1. trans. To make (a person) unaccustomed or 
unused to anything ;. to cause to lose a habit; to 
disaccustom. Chiefly in passzve: cf. DisusED ff/. 
a.1. Const. from, of, to, or infin. Obs. 

1375 Barsour Bruce x1x. 183 Quhen thai thus diswsyt ar, 
Than may 3he move on thame jour wer, 1513 Dovcias 
AE neis vi. xiv. 16 He sall..men steir, Quhilk lang hes bene 
disosit fra the weir, ‘To armis and triumphe of victory. 
a1618 RateicH Maxims St. in Rem. (1661) 40 They are to 
be dis-used from the practise of Arms. a 1640 W. FENNER 
Christ's Alarm 1. (1657) 25 If sinne be yielded unto, it will 
disuse a man of Gods Ordinances. @1791 BLackLock Ox 
Melissa's Birth-day (R.) With Bion long disus'd to play. 

2. To discontinue the use or practice of (a thing); 


to cease to use. 

1487 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 2 Which lawe by negligence is 
disused. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 17 Gyf sic vordis suld be 
disusit. .than the phrasis of the antiquite vald be confundit, 
1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) 1. 199 They..condemn and 
disuse many things meerly because we approve and use 
them. 1727 Swirt What passed in Lond. Wks. 1755 M1. 
1. 181 Now I reflected. .that I had disused family prayers 
for above five years. 1868 M. Parrison Academ. Org. v. 
193 Other universities. .have disused the term ‘Arts’. 1874 
Parker Goth. Archit. 1. vi. 197 In many later examples these 
sub-arches are entirely disused. 

+3. Tomalge a wronguse of; tomisuse,abuse. Ods. 

1380 Wycur Sern. Sel. Wks. 1. 1 A riche man pat dis- 
uside his richesse in pride and in glotonye. /é¢d. ILI. 355 
He. .disuside pe 3iftis of God. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas u. 
(1558) Lenuoy 17 All olde abusion Of ceremonies falsly 
disusyng. c1440 Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dysvsyn, or mysse 
vsyn a-3enste resone, adbztor. 

Hence Disu‘sing vé/. sd. 

1605 Clergy Lincoln agst. Liturgy 69 This may. .appear by 
their long disuseing, or seldom useing of them. 1611 Corcr., 
Desusitation, a disusing, discontinuing. 

Disused (disy#-zd), Af/. a. [f. prec. +-ED}.] 

+1. Of persons: Not used or accustomed ; out 
of the habit. Ods. 

1530 Patscr. 523/1, I can nat shote nowe but with great 
payne, I am sodisused. 1656 Baxter Reformed Pastor v. 
85 Many disused persons can mutter out some honest 
requests in secret. 1748 Anson’s Voy. u. vii. 214 Being now 
in a rainy climate, which we had been long disused to. 
@ 1763 SHENSTONE Progress Taste 1. 59 Disus’d to speak, 
he tries his skill, Speaks coldly, and succeeds but ill. 

2. No longer used; fallen out of use; obsolete. 

161r Cotcr., Disusité, disused, grown out of vse. 1630 
Sanverson Ser. II, 261 Some dis-used statute. 1674 
Boyte Excell. Theol. u. v. 222 Our ignorance..of the dis- 
used languages wherein they are delivered. 1864 BoweEn 
Logic vii. 220 A different and now disused meaning. 

+Dis,u'ser. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb., after zser.] 
Disuse, lapse of use. 

1710 Pripeaux Ovig. Tithes v. 285 A Law grows anti- 
quated by disuser when..the Government drops the Execu- 
tion of it. | 

Disutility (disyztiliti). [D1s- 9.] The op- 
posite of utility ; injuriousness, harmfulness. 

1879 Jevons Pol. Econ. iii, (1888) 58 For the abstract 
notion, the opposite or negative of utility, we may invent 
the term ‘disutility’, which will mean something different 
from inutility, or the absence of utility. It is obvious that 
utility passes through inutility before changing into dis- 
utility, these notions being related as +, 0 and —. 1886 
Academy 22 May 355/3 The fatigues of the evening lecture 
painfully illustrated the Jevonian theory of the ‘final dis- 
utility’ of labour. 

Disutilize (disy#tileiz),v. [D1s- 6.] ¢rans. 
To deprive of utility, render useless. 

1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 11. 1062 Death’s black 
dust..Annulled the gift, disutilised the grace, And left these 
fragments. | 

+ Disvai'l, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Vai v.: 
cf, in same sense dsavail.] trans. To be the 
reverse of advantageous to ; to be hurtful to. 

14.. Lypc. & Burcu Secrees 1638 Sleap before mete, ovir 
moche travaylle, With fretyng wratthe, gretly doon disuaylle. 
Ibid, 2006 Moche to Ete .. Of the y ech membre doth 
disvaylle. | 

Disvail(e, obs. form of DisvEIL. 


+ Disva‘ledge, v. Obs. rare. [ad. It. svalé- 
gtare to rob, strip, f. s- = Dis- 4 + valigia port- 
manteau, valise.] =next. 

1598 Barret 7heor. Warres v. i. 148 WhoSoeuer shall 
disualedge or spoile any of the Princes friends. 

+ Disva‘lise, v. ds. rare. [ad. obs. F. desval- 
zser, ‘to rob, despoyle, rifle; to depriue of cloake- 
bag, bag, and baggage’ (Cotgr.), mod.F. dévaliser, 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + valise portmanteau.] trans. To 
strip (any one) of his baggage; to rob, plunder. 

1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. I. 134 We have had the 
Titles. .of Mr. meyet his six Playes. Not but that, should 
we disvalise him, he hath .. a hundred more as good in his 
budget, 3 
r Disvalua-tion. Obs, [f. DIsvALUE z. after 
valuation.| The action of disvaluing ; depreciation. 

1617 Moryson /fin. 11. ut. i, 271 The disualuation of the 
mixed coyne now currant. a1626 Bacon War w, Spain in 


DISVIGORATE. 


Harl. Misc, (Malh.) IV. 147 What can be .. more to the 
disvaluation of the power of the Spaniards? 1647 M. Hupson 
Div, Right Govt. ii. 79 Such disvaluations and disertions 
of worldly and Natural giits. 

Bisvalue (disvee'liz), v. Now rare. (Frequent 
in17the.) Also 7-valewe. [f. Dis-6 + VaLuE v.] 
trans. To make or treat as of no value, depreciate, 
disparage. Hence Disva‘luing vé/. 5b. 


a 1876 M. 
Cotuins in Pex Sketches (1879) 11. 177 Perhaps his pen dis- 
valueth Froude upon Elizabeth. 

+ Disva‘lue, 5). Ods. [f. prec. vb., after value 
sb.] Depreciation, disparagement. 

1603 B. Jonson Seyanus ut. i, Nor is't the time alone is 
here disprised, But the whole man of the time, yea, Caesar's 
self Broughtindisvalue. 1644 Charge agst, Wisct. Wilmott 
in R, Symonds Diary Civ. War (Camden) 108 A disvalew 
and contempte of his Majesties person. 1678 Lively Orac. 
viii. § 26. 315 ‘There can scarce be a greater instance of con- 
tempt and disvalue. 

+ Disva'ntage, s/. Obs. [f. Dis- 9 + VANTAGE 
sb. Cf. It. disvantaggio (Florio), disadvantage.] = 
DISADVANTAGE, 

1sgt Harincton Ord, Fur. xxiv. li. (1634) 193 Zerbino .. 
voided all the blowes with much facilitie, Though having 
great disvantage in the blade. @ 1619 Fornersy A theom. 
1. li, § 1 (1622) 8 It is good .. for euery man, to vnderstand, 
not only his aduantages, but also his disuantages. 

+ Disvantage, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + 
VAntaGEv.; cf. It. désvantagetare (Florio).] trans. 
To disadvantage ; to be disadvantageous to. 

1567 Drant Horace Epist. Avj, As yeares do helpe vs 
mightely whilst we cum at a staye, So after they disuantage 
vs, and breake vs to decaye. 

+ Disvanta‘geous, @. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 
VANTAGE 9b., after advantageous. Cf. It. dtsvan- 
taggtoso (Florio).] Disadvantageous. 

1622 Drayton Poly-old, xxii. (R.) Had not his light horse 
by disvantageous ground Been hindered, he had struck the 


heart of Edward’s host. : 

+ Disvei'l, v. Ols. Also 7 disvaile. [f. D1s- 
6 or 7+ VEIL v or sb. Cf. F. dévodler, in 16th ce. 
desvotler (Cotgr.).] trans. To strip of a veil; to 
unveil, unmask. Hence Disvei‘led 7. a. 

1611 FLorio, Sbendare, to vnmaske, to disuaile. 1621 Br. 
Mountacu Déatriby 1.17 You..plainly dis-vaile your con- 
trary purpose and intent. 1867 Mrs. Ovirnant tr. De Mont- 
alembert's Monks of West V. 285 A disveiled nun married 
to an apostate priest. 

+ Disve'lop, v. Ols. Also 6-7 -vellop(e. [ad. 
14-16th c. F. desveloper, in mod.F. développer : 
see DevELoP.] The earlier form of DEVELOP, oc- 
curring chiefly in the literal sense: To unfold, unfurl, 
display heraldically. Hence Disve‘loped ///. a., 
fer. displayed, Disve‘loping v0/. sd. 

1sgz Wyrey Armorie, Ld. Chandos 79 The Prince and 
King as two that all us rules Disuellope siluer a sharpned 
pile of gules. 16x0 Guittim Heraldry ww. xiii. (1611) 223 
With..my disuellopped pennon me before, /éfd. iv. xiil. 
(1660) 328 Disvellopping is the proper term for spreading or 
displaying of the Martial Ensign, 1659 Unhappy Marks, 
in Hari. Misc. (Park) 1V. 3 (D.) Since the time wherein those 
black thoughts disveloped themselves by action. ce 
Cuambers Cycl., Disveloped, in heraldry, is used much in 
the same sense with displayed—Thus colours, said in an 
army to be flying, are, in heraldry, said to be disveloped. 
1% Jounson, 70 disvelop, to uncover. Dict. 

isvenerate, v. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 6.] trans. 
To regard without veneration. 

1826 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) I. 199, I venerate —, but 
dislike him; I like —, but disvenerate him 

+ Disventure. Ods. [ad. Sp. desventura mis- 
fortune, f. des-, D1s- 4+ ventura VENTURE.] A 
misadventure, misfortune. 

1612-20 SHELTON Quix. I. m1. vi. (R.), Adventures, or rather 
disventures, never begin with alittle. 1718 Morreux Quix. 
(1733) I. 40 Many times my Uncle would read you those 
unconscionable books of Disventures, 

+ Disventurous, @. 00s. 
Unfortunate, disastrous. 

1742 Jarvis Quix. u. Iv. xvi. (D.) Would to God this 
disventurous adventure that threatens us may end in no 
worse. | is 

+ Disve'st, v. Ods. [D1s- 6.] trans. To divest, 
unrobe, strip. 

1627 Hakewitt Afol. tv, v. (1630) 486 The Earth, dis- 
vested of the vegetables which apparelled her. 1655 tr. De 
Moulines' Francion vii. 26 His Friend..caused him to dis- 
vest himself, 

+ Disve'sture, v. Ols. rave. [D1s- 7 a.] ¢rans. 
To strip of one’s vesture ; to unrobe. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § JV/. (1596) 178/1 The prelats .. then 
disuestured him, taking from him his purple and his 
scepter. | 

+ Disvi'gorate, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6+L. 
vigor strength, after zzvigorate.] trans. To de- 
prive of vigour or strength. 

Wesrmacort Script. Herb, (1695) 112 A pungent 
Volatile Salt, and a subtil Sulphur, which disvigoi and 
destroyeth Acids, 


[f. prec. + -ous.] 


68*-2 


DISVIRGIN. 


+Disvirgin, v. Obs. rare—°. [f Dis- 7b; 
cf, OF. deer) trans. ‘To devirginate. 

1611 Frorio, Dispucellare, to disuirgine. Jbid., Disuer- 
ginare, to vnmaiden, to disuirgin. ‘ 

hogs. v. rare. fad. OF. desvisage-r 
to damage the face of, deface, mod.F. dévisager ; 
f. des-, Dis- 4 + visage VISAGE.) trans. To mar 
the visage or face of; to deface, disfigure. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne ui. xiii. (1632) 620, I had aquartan 
ague which .. had altogether disvisaged and altered my 
countenance. 1611 FLorio, Suisdre, to vnface, to disuisage. 
Also to slash or gash ouer the face. 188 Durrietp Don 
Quix. 1. 365 ‘The knight. remained so disvisaged. 

Disvi'sor, v. Obs. In6-ser,7-zor. [D1s- 
7 a.] trans. To remove the visor from, to uncover 
(a visored face). Also intr. for ref. Hence Dis- 
vi'sored ff/. a., Disvi'soring vb/. sé. 

1548 Hat Chron., Hen. VIII (an, 12) 79 The kynges 
moste noble grace never disvisered nor breathed tyll he ranne 
the five courses. /bid. 80b, At thinstance of the Frenche 
quene and her ladies these maskers and revelers them dis- 
visered, shewyng them what persones they were. /éid. 83), 
Eche compaigny passed by other without any countenaunce 
makyng or disviseryng. 1621 Br. Mountacu Diatribe 1. 261 
With open Mouth, & disvizored Face. 

Disvoi'ce, v. vare. [Dis- 7a.] trans. To 
deprive of voice, render voiceless or mute. 

1865 Lowett Ode at Harvard Commemoration ix, Before 
my musing eye The mighty ones of old sweep by, Disvoicéd 
now and insubstantial things, As noisy once as we. 

+ Disvou'ch, v. O¢s. rare. [Dis- 6.] =D1s- 
AvoucH, Disavow. 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. 1. iv. 1 Euery Letter he hath 
writ, hath disuouch’d other. 

+ Disvow’, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Vow v.; 
cf. OF. desvouer, -voer (Godef.).] =Disavow. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxix. 344, Ly: 
refuse & dysuowe. 

Disvow'elled, ff/. a. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7a 
+ VowEL sb.] Kendered vowelless; that does not 
pronounce vowels. 

1849 Lytron A. Arthur w. xvii, O guttural-grumbling and 
disvowell'd man. a ; 

Disvulnerability ‘disvy:lnérabiliti). [Drs- 
9-] The faculty of abnormally rapid recovery from 
wounds and injuries. 

1890 H. Extis Criminal iii, 113 This insensibility shows 
itself also in disvulnerability, or rapid recovery from wounds, 
1894 — Man & Woman 122 Disvulnerability is the term, 
first used by Professor Benedikt, to signify the quick repair 
of wounds and comparative freedom from ill consequences 
after severe injuries. 1894 A. Grirritus Secr. Prison-Ho. 
27 Disvulnerability..is another quality possessed by the 
criminal. 

+ Diswa'll, v. Os. rare. [Dts- 7a.] 

To deprive of its wall, to dismantle. 

1627 Speen England iv. § 5 Hay upon Wye ..was diswalled, 
depo, ulated, and burnt. 2 

+ Diswarre, a. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 10+ WaRE 
a.) Not aware, unaware ; not on one’s guard. 

€ 1400 Beryn 3046 Howe hanybald led Geffrey, disware of 
his entent. /dzd. 3266 Be-twene hope & drede, disware how 
it shuld goon. ¢1430 Lypa. Bochas ut. v. (1558) 7, I full dis- 
ware to make purueyaunce, Agayne hys commynge. 

Disware, var. of Diswere, Oés., doubt. 

+ Diswa‘rn, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 1+ WaRN 


trans. 


v.] ¢rans. To wam against a course, warn off from 


something. 

poe | Topsett Serpents (1658) 708 Wondering... what Shep- 
heards or Hunters, or other men might be in that place to 
diswarn him from his game. 1622 Lo, Keerer WILtiaMs 
Let. to Dk. Buckhm. Sept. in Cabala 73 (T.) My Lord 
Brook diswarning me. .from coming to Theobalds this day. 

Diswa‘rren, v. [Dis- 7b. Cf. DEAWARREN.] 
trans. To deprive of the character of a warren; 
to render no longer a warren. 

1727 W. Netson Laws conc. Game (1736) 32 When a 
Warren is diswarrened, or broke up and laid in Common. 
1796 W. MarsHALL Ww. England |, 271 A small one [rabbit 
warren] that has been diswarrened. 1800 D. Lysons Supp. 
to Environs Lond. 241 Staines forest was diswarrened and 
disforested by the King’s charter in 1227. 

Diswa‘ryed,a. Ods.rare. [f. AF. *deswaré, 
OF. *desguaré, *desgaré = OF. esgaré, eswaré, mod, 
F. dgaré. See Deswarré.] Strayed, gone astray, 
having lost his way. 

213.. Cast. Love (Halliw.) 429 As a diswaryed mon 
mysrad, On uche half he his myslad. 

+ Diswea m, v. Ods. [Dis- 7a.] srans, 
To deprive of weapons; to disarm. Also fig. 

1602 Mippieton Blurt 1. i. Wks. (1885) 1. 29 Camillo and 
his men set upon him, get him down, disweapon him. 1618 
Botton Florus 1. xxiil. 65 If his mother Veturia .. had not 
disweapon'd him with weeping. 1652-62 Heyuin Cosi 4 
1. (1682) 118 Posthumius so disweaponed them, that he 
scarce left them Instruments to plough the earth. 

Diswench: see Dis- 7a. 

+ Diswe're. 0ds. Also dys-, -ware, -wary, 
-weare. [f. Dis- 5 + Were doubt, hesitation.] 
Doubt. Wythout diswere, without doubt, ‘ ywis’ : 
common as a metrical tag. 

1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 25 Lay po tenche opon a 
platere fayre, Do on pat browet withouten disware. ¢ 1440 


Promp. Parv. 123/2 were, or dowte, dudium, ¢ 

Cm. neg 383 Seyn thon the bt peng ten bys fault, 
as I lere, Ina c pocriphun, w: it swary. 
© 1450 Bk. Curta 436 in ‘Solem BE, Greens Palettls 
shyn fyle and e hitere, ix fote on lengthe with-out dis- 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


540 


were. a1500 H. Brereton Song, Lady Bessy (Way Promp. 
Parv.), You promised .. To him to be both true and just, 
And now you stand in a disweare. 

Diswhip (disjhwirp), v. once-wd. [f Dis- 

a+ Wuip sb.) ¢rans. To deprive of a whip. 

ence Diswhipped ///. a. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. IL 1. i, Is it neither restored 
Father nor diswhipped Taskmaster that walks there? 

iswig (diswig), v. [Dis- 7a.] ‘rans. To 
deprive of a _~ 

Re in Mrs. Delany's Corr. Ser. u. 11. 533 They had dis- 
wigged Lord Bathurst. 1861 Sata.in Vemple Bar Mag. IL, 
22 She had publicly diswigged the dancing-master. 

Diswi-ndow, z. vare. [Dis- 7a.] ¢rans. To 
deprive of windows. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. III. v. vii, (1872) 208 Ghastly 
chateaus stare on you...disroofed, diswindowed. 

Lescplet ne. (diswin), v. rare. [Dts- 7 a.] 
trans. To deprive of wings. 

1837 CartyLe Diamond Necklace iii, Misc. Ess. (1872) 
V. 142 A butterfly, now diswinged and again a worm. 

+ wit, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 7a + Wir sd. 
trans. To deprive of wit. Hence Diswi'tted f//. 
a., bereft of one’s wits, crazed. - 

1599 T. Mlouret] Silkwormes 34 Diswitted dolts that 
huge things wonder at. 1627 Drayton Agincourt 121 
Bx eae her selfe away alone.. As she had beene dis- 
witted. 

+ Diswo'nt, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + Wont v.] 
trans. To render unaccustomed or unused ; to dis- 
accustom. Hence Diswornted ff/. a., unwonted, 


unaccustomed, unusual. 

1600 Hottann Livy x11. xxiii. 1111 This diswonted voiage 
and unaccustomed expedition [itineris insoliti). 1627-47 
Fectuam Xesolves 1. xvii. 58 Why should a diswonted un- 
kindnesse make me ingrate for wonted benefits? 1634-5 
Brereton 7rav. (Chetham 1844) 105 They inure them- 
selves to. .hardship, and will not diswont themselves. 

Diswood (diswu'd), v. [f. Dis- 7a + Woop sb.] 
trans. To deprive of wood or trees. 

1611 Fiorio, Sdascare, to vnwood, to lope, to cut downe 
or fell wood, trees or branches, to diswood. 1878 G. R. L. 
Marriott tr. £. de Laveleye's Prim. Property 82 Almost 
all the gorges. .are diswooded to a terrible extent. 

+ Diswo'rkmanship. (és. nonce-wd. [D1s- 
9-] Bad or defective workmanship. 

1610 Hevwoop Afol. for Actors, Addr. to Printer (1612) 
62 When I would have taken a particular account of the 
errata, the printer [of ‘ Britaines ‘Troy '] answered me hee 
would not publish his owne disworkemanship, but rather let 
his owne fault lye upon the necke of the author. 

+ Disworship, sé. Oés. [f. Dis- 9 + Wor- 
SHIP sb.) 

1. The opposite of worship ; the withholding of 
esteem, regard, or honour; dishonour, disgrace, 
discredit. 

a 1400-0 Alexander (E.E.T.S.) p. 280 Besechyng pat.. 
by no maner of the delectacion he suffre me do pat thyng 
pat is ayen your profectez ne to my disworship. 1489 
Caxton Faytes-of A. ut. ix. 186 It is the captaynes dys- 
worship whan suche felawes he has chosen. 1576 FLeminc 
Panopl. Epist. 395 ¥ our vertue hathe done you more honour, 
then your fortune hathe wrought youdisworship. 1644 Mit- 
ton Divorce 1. iv. 128 Adultery..a _ which the rankest 

litician would think it shame and disworship that his 
aws should countenance. ; 

b. with a and f/.: A disgrace, a dishonour. 

1465 Six J. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 531. Il. 245 
Wheche wer a gret Lakes 4 tomy Lord. 1600 Hottanp 
Livy 881 (R.) It were a great disworship and shame even for 
them, that there should remaine in bondage any [etc.]. 

2. Alleged term for a ‘ company’ of Scots. 

1486 Bh. St. Albans F vij, A Disworship of Scottis. 

+ Diswo'rship, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6+ Wonrsutp 
v. orf. prec.) trans. The reverse of fo worship ; 
to do ‘disworship’ or dishonour to; to dis- 
honour. 

a14§0 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 76 This fals traitour wolde 
haue rauisshed and disworshipped me here. 1483 Cath, 
ome 102/1 ‘T'o Disworschippe, dehonorare. 1519 Horman 
Vulg. 59, Nothyng..that shulde disworshyp or abate the 
laude 4 
xii. 34 By the uncomlynesse of any 
diswursh . 610 Hearey St. Ang. Citie of God 
176 Therefore was this godde dis-worshipped without the 


citty. 
Hone’ Disworrshipping v?/. sd., dishonouring. 
1529 More Dyaloge u. 63a/2 Dyspytynge and dyswor- 


shy e of sayntys. 

} Disworshi , a. Obs. 
sb., after worshipful.] Fraught 
dishonourable. 

1539 Taverner Evasm. Prov. (1552 They] meruayled 
Fr a wolde take pag ont Bi and 4) oO lan off yee 
u hym [etc.). 1§64 Hawarp Entropius iv. 46 
cluded a dysworshipfull peace wyth him. 

+ Diswo'rth, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7a.] trans. 
To deprive of worth; to render worthless or un- 
wo 


thy dedes, 1549 Covexpace Zrasm. Par, 1 Cor. 
e, the whole body is 


f. DisworsHIP 
th disworship ; 


thy. 
x Stank Resolves 1. {u.] xl, 126 Nothing more dis- 
worthes man than Cowardice.  - 

Disy, Disyn, obs. ff. Dizzy, Dizen. 

+ e'llow, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.] 
trans. To remove the yellow from ; to rid of jaun- 
dice. 

1586 Warner A/d, Eng. u. x, Her crooked ts (which 
long ere then, supported, scarcely stood) She it unto 
a wallowing place, disiellowing so bloud. 


DIT. 
+Disyllabe, dissylla a. Obs. rare. 
[a. F. dbyllabe (16th c. in Godef. Supp.), ad. L. 
disyllabus, a. Gr. 80vAAaBos of two syllables, f. &-, 


Di-2 twice + ovAAaf7 syllable. For spelling, see 
next.] = DISYLLABIC. 
1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. 1. vii, All verbes dissyllabes 


ending in el, er, ry, an av tiabi in prima. _ 
labic, dissyllabic (doi-,disile bik). 
[a. F. dissyllabique (16th c.), f. L. disyllab-us (see 
prec. and -1c) ; after SYLLABIC. 
an For pe a following pone vs 2 also in 
risy , etc., the non-etymological iss-, triss-, 
were originally taken over from French (Paylite trissyllabe, 
etc.), in which, according to Dar , the function of the 
ss is ‘to express the hard sound of the s’. In English, 
trissyllable, gs | eas ne in 17-18th c., was ly cor- 
rected in the Dictionaries and altered to ¢risyllable. 
Dissyllable was universal in 17-18th c., and (app. either 
under the err impression that it ins, not the 
Greek prefix &:-, but the word 4és, or from association with 
words in the Latin prefix dis-, as disseminate, dissimudate, 
dissonant, etc.), is still the spelling of the majority. But 
classical scholars now prefer the etymological form, which has 
also been approved by the Philological Society.] 
Consisting of two syllables. 
ay B. Joxson Eng. Gram. 1. vii, In all nounes dis- 
syllabick. 1812 Byron Wad¢z xiii, note, There are several 
diss: oe Mrs. F. aeiehtc ef i. 
ried iv, The postman’s speaking diss ic signal. x 
Earte Philol! Eng. Tongue § 119 The elon aon of this 
vowel has in a few instances produced a disyllabic word out 


bh 
Disylia tically diss-, adv. [f. prec.+ -AL 
+-LY 4.) Ina disy abic mamner ; as two syllables. 

1878 H. H. Vaucuan Shaks. Readings 321 A word which 
is with us now mor a monosyllable, articu! by Shake- 
speare dis yllabically. | - 

Disylia-bify, diss-, v. [f. L. désyllab-us 
(see above) + -FY.] ¢vans. = DisyLianize. So 
Disylla bifica tion. : 

1846 WorcesTER cites C. hristian Observer (for both words). 

; s-, [f. as next + -ISM: 

cf. F. dissyllabisme.] Disyllabic character or 
state. 

Encycl. Brit. XVM. Philology) We do not 
ince arc Saeviatinn, Bt fa that ” phe thee 
syllable beyond a single consonant with following vowel, is 
not the result of combination or reduplication. 

isyllabize, diss- (dei-, disilabsiz), 2. 
[f. L: disyllab-us: see DisyLuaBe and -12£.] 
trans. To make disyllabic. 


| ofan old monosylla le. 


1870 E. A. Assotr 5S; . Gram. § 484 Whether the word 
is dissyllabized, or merely requires a pause after it, cannot 
..be f brosur set 5 1886 J. B. Mayor 


Eng. Metres iii. if 
Monosyllables, in which ‘r’ follows a vowel, are often di- 
syllabized in Shakespeare. F 
liable, dissyllable (dei-, disilab’l), 

sh.(a.) Also 6 dissill-, 7 dyssyll-. [f. F.dzssyllabe, 
in 16th c. dissi/labe (see above) ; after SYLLABLE, 
F. rites For spelling, see DisYLLaBic.] 

sb. A word, or metrical foot, consisting of 
two syllables. 

1589 Putrexnam Eng. Poesie u. xiifi). (Arb.) 128 For wordes 
monosyllables..if they be tailed one to , or th’one 
to a dissillable or polyssillable ye ought to allow them that 
time that best serues your purpose and pleaseth your eare 
most. 1668 WILKINS Real Char. 16 —— +. in a 
syllables by repeating the d Radi Cc er 
the last Vowel. 1874 Sweet Eng. Sounds 47 Diss: 
ending in a vowel... are almost always 
Lori gs pe ide bee Teter die 
a disy ba ARLE J s ue 48x 
The p ‘aches’...  dicsilable in Shakspeare, 
Butler, _ —_. R. on | Comment. on Catullus 

. xxvii, In short e to Hortulus the pentameter 
ends fone times with a distllable, four times with a trisyl- 


B. = adj. = DISYLLABIC. 5 
in Poet. Comp. 17 They compounded 
oye inine Rect, “thee Le pe Ren Eng. Gram, (ed. 5) 
1. 348 Dissyllable nouns in er: as, ‘ Canker, bitter’, have 
the accent on the former syllable, 
(daisi‘npim). A/ath. [f. Di-* 
+ SynrHeME.] A system of groups of elements, 
each of the groups being formed of a certain num- 
ber of elements, so that each occurs just twice among 
all the groups. Thus 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 1-4 isa duadic 
disyntheme—that is, one com of ee 
1879 SyivesteR in Amer, Jrul. Math. is a disyn- 
theme is formed by means of cycles all of an even order, it 
will be resolvable into a pair of single syn and in no 
other case. /did., Duadic dis: , Any com! 
duads, with or without repetition, in which each element 
occurs twice and no oftener. 
(disydwk), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ YoxE 
ie trans. To unyoke ; to free from the yoke. 
1847 Tennyson Princ. u. 127 Who first had dared To 
leap the rotten pales of prejudice, Disyoke their necks from 


custom, 

Dit, sd. arch. Also 6 ditt. [app. taken by 
Spenser from ME. dit=Dure sb., pai erroneously 
pronounced with short vowel, perh. by association 
with ditty. Thence in later verse.) A poetical 
composition ; a ditty: see Dis sd, 

1590 Srenser F. Q. 11. vi. 13 No song bi 
lovely ditt. 


DIT. 


Dit (dit), v. Now only Sc. and dial. Forms: 
1 dyttan, 3-4 dutte(n (7), 3-6 ditt(e, 4-6 dytt, 
4- dit. Fa. z¢. and ple, ditted, Sc. dittit ; also 
pa. t. 3 dutte ; pple. 4-9 dit, 5 dytt. [OE. dyttan 
to close, shut:—OTeut. type *dsttjam, prob. f. 
*dutto”, OE. dott, a small lump, a clot, a plug: 
see Dot, Dorrit. Cf. F lees} 

1. trans. To stop up, close up, shut (an opening) ; 
to fill 2p (a hole or gap). Zit, and fig. 

¢1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xi. 53 Ongunnun %a farisei. . his 
mud ae c1000 Ags. Ps. lvii. 4 Anlic nedran..seo 
.-dytted hyreearan. c1200 7 vin. Coll. Hom. 199 We..swo 
ditted pe eare and noht ne hercnid. 1200 Ormin_ 18633 
Onn3zen patt labe lxredd folc Forr pe33re mup to dittenn. 
ax225 Ancr, R. 82 Me schulde dutten [v.7. ditten] his mud 
..mid herde fustes. ¢1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knut. 1233 Pe dor 
drawen & dit with a derf haspe. | 1375 Barwour Bruce 
vi. 168 The vpcom wes then Dittit with slayn hors and men. 
¢1460 Townley Myst. (Surtees) 194 Ayther has thou na 
wytt Or els ar thyne eres dytt. 1572 Satir. Poems Reform. 
xxxiii. Lament. of Lady Scot/. 196 Dit the mouths of thame 
that sa dois speik. 1647 H. More Cufid'’s Conflict lv. 
Philos. Poems 73 Foul sluggish fat ditts up your dulléd eye. 
@1758 Ramsay Scots Prov. (1776) 77 When a’s in and the 
slap dit, Rise herd and let the dog sit. 1871 W. ALEXANDER 
Yohnny Gibb (1873) 140 Ye wud ‘a keepit by the aul’ proerb 
that says, ‘Dit your mou’ wi your meat’. 

2. To stop or obstruct the course or way of. 

at Cursor M, 11942 (Cott.) Wit nith and enst and iuel 
witt pe water wissing can he ditt. /4é:?. 24003 (Cott.) Mi 
teres all mi sight pai ditte. 1362 Lancr. P. P/. A. vu. 
178 An Hep of Hermytes henten heom spades And doluen 
drit and donge to dutte honger oute. c1460 Towneley 
Myst. (Surtees) 14 Almost had myne breth beyn dit. x51 
Dovucras neis v. xiii. 96 The riueris dittit with dei 
corsis wox reid, 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. xxx, It .. 
sweeps away a’ my gude thoughts, and dits up my gude 
words. = 

Dit, early form of Dire sb. Obs. composition. 

|| Dita (dzta). [The native name.] The bark 
of a forest tree found in the Philippine Islands, 
Echites (Alstonia) scholaris. Usually dita-bark. 

1876 Pharmacenut. Frni. Ser. ut. VI. 142 Under the 
name ‘Dita’ the natives of the Philippines indicate the 
bark of the Echites scholaris, Linn. (Adstonia scholaris, 
Brown.), a stately forest tree. /é/d. The fame of dita 
bark as a remedy is of old standing, since in 1678 it was 
mentioned by Rheede and afterwards in 1741 by Rum- 
phius. 1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 688 Dita bark 
usually consists of irregular curved fragments from 40 to 
60 mm. long, 15 mm. wide and 1 mm. thick, covered exter- 
nally with a thin leather-coloured cortical layer. 

Hence Ditamine (di'tamain), Ditaine (di'te,ain), 
Chem. So AMINE, -INE], the characteristic amine 
or alkaloid of dita-bark, C,,H,)NOg. 

1876 Pharmaceut, Frul. Ser. 11. V1. 143 Ditain was pre- 
pared by Gruppe in a manner similar to that_in_which 

uinine is prepared. 1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 688 
Gere eranx afterwards extracted from ditain a crystallis- 
able substance which proved to be an alkaloid, but which.. 
he did not completely examine. /did., Ditamine is easily 
soluble in ether [etc.]. 

Dital (dei-tal). [f. It. dito finger, after pedal: 
ef. It. ditale glove-finger, finger-stall, thimble.] 

The name given to a kind of stop to be pressed by 
the thumb, by which the pitch of a guitar- or lute- 
string can be raised by a semitone. Dital harp, an 
instrument invented by Edward Light in 1798, and 
patented with improvements in 1816, intended to 
be an improvement of the guitar. It was fitted 
with ditals. 

1816 Specif. E. Light's Patent No. 4041. 2 To the harp 
lute at present in use I apply certain pieces of mechanism 
which I call ditals or thumb keys. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 
s.v. Dital harp, Called ‘ ditals* or ‘thumb-keys’, in dis- 
tinction from ‘ pedals’ or ‘foot-keys’. 

tanie, -ny, ditayne, obs. ff. Dirrany. 

+ Dita‘tion. Os. [n. of action f. L. ditare to 
enrich, f. dives, dit- rich.] Enrichment. 

1612-15 Br, Hatt Contempl., N. 7. 1. v, After all the 

resents of these eastern worshippers who intended rather 

jomage, than ditation, the blessed virgin comes, in the forme 
of poverty, with her two doves. 1615 1. ADAMs Lycanthropy 
29 They grudge not the Merchants wealth, nor envy the 
ditation of Lawyers. 1659 Fertuam Low Countries Re- 
solves, etc. (1677) 60 War..the worlds ruine..is to them 
prosperity and Ditation. 

Ditch (dit), sd.! Forms: 1-3 dic, 2-7 dich(e, 
4-6 dych(e (4 dicche), 5-7 ditche (6 deche, 
dytch), 6-diteh. [OE. d¢c, which has also given 
DIkg, q.v. 

The analogy of other words, e.g. ME. dike, diche, (dead) 
body, dike, liche, adj., -rik, -riche, suffix in kinrik, kyne- 
riche, etc., ik; ich, 1, pik, piche, pitch, stike, stiche, stitch, 
leads us to pet dike as the northern, dich as the southern 
repr. of OE. déc. The ME. evidence favours this; but in 
modern use, both forms occur in nearly all of the 
country, with various differentiation of meaning. Gener- 
ally, ditch is a hollow channel or deep furrow, wet or dry, 
but in some cages (see sense 4) it is an embankment or raised 
fence; usually dtke or dyke is a bank or wall, but in many 
parts it is a wide and deep channel for running water. The 
existence of dick or deek in this sense in Kent, Sussex, and 
other southern counties, is remarkable. The use of dike, 
dyke, for a sea-wall or embankment in the eastern counties, 
may ibly have been introduced from Hollands cf. the 
title Dixe-cravr. ] : : . 

1. An excavation narrow in proportion to its 
length ; a long and narrow hollow dug in the 
ground; the trench or fosse of a fortification, etc. 


541 


[847—c 1205 see Dike st. 1.] 1045 Charter Eadweard 
in Cod. Dipl. IV. 98 (written after 1200) Of dam pade 
on dane greatan porn de stynt wid Grimes dic; andlang 
Bere diche on Sone haran porn. ax200 Moral Ode 41 Pes 
riche Men wened bon siker purh walle and purh diche. 
¢ 1205 Lay. 15900 Pa dich wes idoluen seoue vet depre. 
c mge S. Eng. Leg. 1. 55/70 He wende and hudde him ina 
Dich. ¢1340 Cursor 3J/, 9899 (Trin.) A deep diche [v.77 
dik, dick] is pere aboute. c1430 Lyp¢. Bochas ul. 94a, 
Cincinnatus. .Made dyches to geat his Sustenaunce. 
Fasyan Chron. vi. cli. 138 He also..made a famous dyke 
atwene Walys and the vtter bondys of Mercia. .the which, 
to this day, is namyd Offedych. 1553 Even 7veat. Newe 
Ind. (Arb.) 13 They moued neare vnto the trenche or ditche 
of the castell. 1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CJ. v. ii. 57 Rather a 
ditch in Egypt Be gentle graue vnto me. 1665 BoyLe 
Occas. Ref. vii. (1845) 324 One must search the Ditches 
amongst Briars and Weeds..to find Medicinable Herbs. 
1776 Gipson Decé. § F. (1846) I. i. 17 Vhe rampart..was .. 
defended by a ditch of twelve feet in depth as well as in 
breadth. 1829 Cor. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 3 The most 
impregnable fences I ever met with, and blind ditches, six 
feet deep, to half the fields. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. 
IV. 136/2 The ditch of a permanent work provides the earth 
to form the rampart. 

b. Salt-making (Cheshire). See quot. 

1884 Cheshire Gloss., Ditch, salt- making term. The 
space in the ‘hot-house’ between two raised flues for 
putting lump salt in to complete its stoving and drying. 

2. esp. Such a hollow dug out to receive or con- 


duct water, esp. to carry off the surface drainage of | 


a road, a field, etc. 

On the borders of fields, etc., often serving the double 
purpose of carrying off surface water, and of forming an 
effective protective fence. ‘The latter purpose is in marshy 
ground often served by a ditch alone, but elsewhere usually 
in combination with a hedge. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 409 Alle be wateres..aboute be 
toun bere, And dyches and puttes, rede of blode were. 
1305 St, Kenelm 364 in EL. E. P. (1862) 57 pis bodi..ina 
foul dich me drou3 In pe fouleste pat pere was ne3. 13... 
E. E, Allit. P. A. 606 He lauez hys gyftez as water of 
dyche. 1484 Caxton Fadles of AEsop 1. ii, There were 
frogges whiche were in dyches and pondesat theyre lyberte. 
1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. \ix. 
122b, There was cast about the same a Caue or Ditch, 
which alwaies was full of water. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
Georg. 1v. 687 All these Cocytus bounds..With muddy 
Ditches, and with deadly Weeds. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. 
Waters Il. 140 The overflowings of this spring fill all the.. 
ditches with a light, pale ochre. 1845 James A. Neil vii, 
Ditches enough to drain the sea. 1881 Raymonp Mining 
Gloss., Ditch, an artificial watercourse, flume, or canal, to 
convey water for mining. A flume is usually of wood; a 
ditch, of earth. 

b. Extended rhetorically to any watercourse or 
channel, including those of natural formation. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie ui. xxiii. (Arb.) 277 Thy 
maister durst not haue sent me These words, were it not 
for that broad ditch [z.e. the English Channel] betweene 
him and me. 1608 E. Grimstone Hist. France (1611) 364 
That great ditch of the sea is sufficient to distinguish these 
two Monarchies. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 251 
This branch. .is much about the rate of the ditch or channel 
of Pisa at Livorne, 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes u. iv, Vhe 
Mississippi ..an enormous ditch sometimes two or three 
miles wide, running liquid mud. 1874 KincsLey Let?. 
(1878) II. 432 Across the rude rushing muddy ditch, the 
Mississippi. 

+3. Any hollow dug in the ground; a hole, pit, 
cave, den. Ods. 

c1275 Passion of our Lord 80 in O. E. Misc. 39 Hit is 
iwrite bat myn hus is bede hus icleped. And ye peouene 
dich hit habbeb y-maked. 1320 Sexyn Sag. (W.) 1279 
The wise man dede make a dich, Ful of lim and of pich, ‘That 
yif he agen wald come, That the traitour sscholde bi nome. 
1340 Ayend. 57 Pe tauerne is a dich to pieues. c 1420 
Pallad. on Husb. 1. 76 Make a dyche, and yf the moolde 
abounde And wol not in agayn, it is fecounde. 14.. Voc. in 
Wr.-Wiilcker 584 Fovea, a dyche. 

4. A bank or mound formed by the earth 
thrown up in digging a hollow or trench ; an em- 
bankment; =Dike 5,6. Now only dial. 

1568 GraFrron Chron. Il. 1301 [They] brake downe those 
inclosures, and cast downe ditches. 1590 R. Payne Descr. 
Irel, (1841) 9 Let the slope side of your ditch be towardes 

your warraine, 1635 V. Riding Rec. IV. 36 Stopping the 

ighway by casting upp a great ditche. 1666 in Picton 
L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 315 Roger Bushell shall throwe 
down that new ditch hee hath made. 1880 Antrim & 
Down Gloss., Ditch, a fence, generally of earth, 1892 
E. J. Harpy in Sund. Mag. Sept. 600 It is not true, then, 
that [in Malta] the mosquitoes are so large that they sit on 
ditches and bark at you. 

.5. Phrases. 70 fall or lead into a ditch ; to die in 
aditch. The last ditch, the last line of defence; 
to die in the last ditch, to die, resisting to the last 
(see Dik v.1 3); so to be driven to the last ditch, 


“i.e. to the utmost extremities. Zo /ay ( put) under 


the ditch (U.S.), to intersect with ditches so as to 
irrigate. 

¢1380 Wyciir Serm, Sel. Wks. II. 25 Foolis and sinful 
men lede ober foolis.into pe diche. 1382 — Matt. xv. 14 
if a blynd_ man 3eue Jedynge to a blynd man, bothe 
fallen doun in to the diche, cx440 Gesta Rone. Ixx. 326 
(Harl. MS.) The stiward is fallyn in his owne diche, by be 
right wisdom of Ei 1683 Burner tr. More’s Utopia 
(1684) 39, I..shew him the Ditch into which he will fall, if 
he is not aware of it. @1715 To die in the last ditch [see 
Dir v.13]. 1798 in Proc. Amer. Antig. Soc. 1X. uj. 324 In 
War We [Citizens of Westmoreland, Virginia] know but 
one additional Obligation, ‘Io die in the Last Ditch or 
uphold our Nation, 82x T. Jerrerson Wit, (1892) I. 122 
A government. .driven to the last ditch by the universal call 
for liberty. 1874 Biackie Se/*Cudt, 48 He who abstains 


DITCH. 


from it [whisky]. .will never die in a ditch. 1890 Spectator 
ad Mar. 426/1 Although the discussion will be harassing, 
the resistance will not be to the last ditch. Harper's 
Mag. June 93/1 Three-fifths of it [the soil] can be laid under 
the ditch. /ézd. 95/1 This scheme looks forward to putting 
30,000 acres under the ditch. 

6. attrib. and Comb. a, simple attrib., ‘ Of, be- 
longing to, found in, working at,a ditch’, as ditch- 
back, -bank, -bottom, -dog. -labourer, -side, -work, 
-world. wb. ‘Of the quality of a ditch, dirty, vile, 
worthless’, as ditch constable. ©. objective, as 
ditch-digger. A. Special combs.: ditch-delivered 
pa. pple., brought forth in a ditch ; ditch-drawn, 
drawn from a ditch; ditch measure, see quot. 
1670, and Percu. Also in various names of plants 
growing in ditches, as ditch-bur, Xanthium 
strumarium ; ditch-down, the reed-mace, 7ypha 
latifolia; ditch-fern, Osmunda regalis; ditch- 
grass (U.S.), Ruppia maritima; ditch-reed, 
Phragmites communts. Also DiTCH-WATER. 

1869 Lonsdale Gloss. *Ditch-back, a fence. 1776 
Wituertnc Brit, Plants (1796) VII. 527 White Dead 
Nettle. On rubbish, cornfields, and *ditch-banks. 1848 
Turner Names of Herbes 81 Xanthium is called in english 
*Dichebur or Clotbur. | 1608 Mippteton Mad World v. 
ii. Wks. (Bullen) III. 350 I'll make you an example for all 
“ditch constables. 1605 Snans. A/acd. w. i. 31 Birth- 
strangled Babe, *Ditch-deliuer’d bya Drab. 1605 — Lear 
ut. iv. 138 Poore Tom, that. .swallowes the old Rat, and the 
*ditch-Dogge. 1611 Corcr. 7'yphe, water-Torch, Cats- 
tayle, Reed Mace, *Ditch Downe, the marsh beetle or 
pestle. 1889 Sat. Rev. 23 Mar. 335/2 The *ditch-drawn 
missiles they fling about them. 14.. 47S. Gloss. Sloane 
5 fol. gob in Sax. Leechdoms ILL. 321 *Diche fern, Osmunda. 
1869 Biackmore Lorna D. iv, Here was no *ditch-labourer. 
1670 J. Smitn Lng. linprov. Reviv'd 25 Uf the fence be 
measured by Wood, Hedge, or * Ditch measure, allowing 18 
foot to the Perch. c¢ 1440 Gesta Rom. viii. 21 (Harl. MS.) 
The fond kny3t thei cast in a*dich place. 1843 Zoologist I. 
too By *ditch-sides and mill-pond streams. 1562 Puarr 
Aineid 1x. Aa iij b, Doth *dichworks giue them pryde? 
1890 Pall Mall G. 4 Sept. 3/1 Frogs and minnows. .and all 
the wonderful, mysterious “ditch-world that children love ! 

Ditch, sé.2: see under Ditcn v.? 

Ditch (ditf),v.! [f. Diren sé.1 OE. had décian, 
but this would regularly give dike : cf. Uéctan, like.] 

1. intr. To construct a ditch or ditches. 

1377 Lanew. P. /’/. B. x1x. 232 Somme he tau3te to tilie to 
dyche and tothecche. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 584 /esso, 
to dyche. 1523 Fivzuers. //xsd. § 123 It is lesse cost..to 
quyckeset, dyche, and hedge, than to haue his cattell goo 
before the herdeman. 1776 J. Q. Apams in Fam. Lett. 
(1876) 195 The practice. . of ditching round about our enemies. 
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) 11. 314 They 
are ferried over the Atlantic, and carted over America, to 
ditch and to drudge. 

2. ¢rans. To surround with a ditch; to cast a 
ditch about, around, esp. for the purpose of defence, 
fortification, or fixing a boundary. 

13.. A. Adis, 2658 That cite was.. Wel y-walled, and well 
y-dyched. ¢1386 Cuaucer At#.’s 7. 1028 The circuit..a 
myle was aboute, Walled of stoon, and dyched al witoute. 
1520 Caxton’s Chron, Eng. vit. 118 b/2 He made..a fayre 
towne of pavylyons, and dyched them all aboute. 1523 
Firzners. usb. § 123 Seuerall closes and pastures. .the 
whiche wolde be wel quyckesetted, dyched, & hedged. 
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII ‘an. 12) 77 b, The Campe 
was..ditched rounde aboute. 1670 Mitton //ist. Eng. i. 
(1851) 42 Towns then in Britain were only Wooddy places 
Ditch’t round. 1788 Filey Jnclos. Act 14 Vhe several parcels 
of land .. shall inclosed, hedged, ditched, or fenced. 
1848 Petrie tr. A.S. Chron. 89 They ditched the city around 
[axno 1016 bedicodon ba pak utan]. 

8. To dig ditches or furrows in for purposes of 
drainage or irrigation ; to provide with ditches. 

*393 Gower Conf. I. 153 The erthe..men it delve and 
diche And eren it with strength of plough. 1565-73 CoorrR 
Thesaurus, Agrum fossione concidere..to trench or ditch 
the grounde to avoyde water. 1598 Barret 7heor. Warres 
1v. i. 99 Whether the countrey be stony, plaine field, or 
ditched. 1747 Franxuin Let. Wks. 1887 II. 80 Eighty acres 
[of meadow], forty of which had been ditched and mowed. 
1837 Howitr Kur, Life ui. iii. (1862) 110 Set two men to 
ditch the five roods, 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. ILI. 

25 Papa said he might be compelled to ditch rice fields, but 
ie never would undertake to teach children again. 

b. To cut furrows in (stone), ; 

1865 Morn. Star 18 Apr., It is driven by manual power, 
and is intended for cutting or ‘ditching’ the stone in the 
quarry. . 

+ 4. zntr. Of the earth: To become ditched; to 
open up into furrows or chasms. Oés. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 424/1 There cam a woman which 
meruaylled moche how therthe claue & dyched by hit self 
onelye by the touchyng of the holy mannes Staffe. 

5. To clean out, scour (a ditch) ; to cast up and 
repair (the banks of a ditch or hedge). 

1576 Act 18 Eliz. c. 10. § 4 All and euery person and 
persons that shall not repaire, diche, or scoure any hayes, 
fences, diches, or hedges adioyning to any high way. did. 
§6 Upon paine of forfeiture .. for euery rod not so ditched 
and scoured xiid. 1874 R. Jerreries in Toilers of 
Field (1893) 95 The Master has given him a hedge to cut 
and ditch. [1888 E.wortuy HW’. Somerset Word-bk., Dik, 
..to make good the sides and top of a hedge, which in this 
district is usually a high bank ; i.e. to throw up the parings 
upon the top.] i 

6. /rans. To throw into or as into a ditch ; esfi 
in U.S., to throw (a train) off the line or track. 

x87 J A. Atten Amer, Bison 470 After having trains 
ditched twice in one “week, conductors learned to have.. 
respect for the idiosyncrasies of the buffalo. 1881 PAilad. 


DITCH. 


Rec. No. 3498. t A..train .. struck a drove of cattle..on 
Saturday. ‘The engine was ditched and turned on its side. 

7. To ditch in, out: to enclose, or shut out, by 
means of a ditch; Zo ditch up=2. 

1545 Ascuam 7oxopfh.(Arb.) 96 The more vnreasonable is 
theyr dede whiche woulde ditche vp those feeldes priuatly 
for ther owne profyt. x555 Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) 
282 Indeed they ought regere.. Not as they will themselves : 
but this vegere must be hedged.in and ditched in. 1630 
R. Fohnson's Kingd. < Commw. 39 To hedge and ditch out 
their incroaching neighbours. 

Hence Di-tched /#/. a., furnished with a ditch ; 
also with adv., as ditched-in, enclosed with a ditch. 

1810 Sporting Mag. XX XV. 139 Four-mile heats. .over 
the new ditched-in Course. 1895 United Service Mag. July 
430 The ditched parapet. 

tch, v.2 dial. Also deech. [OE. décan, 
ME. déche to smcar, daub: app. unknown to the 
other Teutonic langs. It is notable that this verb, 
used in OE. and in modern dialects, is known to us, 
during the intervening goo years, only inthe 15th c. 
transl. of Palladius on L/ushandry: see DECHE. 
The modern ad/ch shows a recent shortening of (7) to 
(i).] trans. Tosmear, daub, plaster, impregnate, esp. 
with dirt which hardens and becomes ‘ ingrained’. 

@ 1000, c 1420 [see Decne v.]. 1 W. Marsuate Midi. 
Counties Gloss. (E. D. S.) Ditch, to stick to, as the 
clamminess of mow-burnt hay sticks to the cutting knife. 
1860 (Northamptonsh.) ‘His face and hands are ditched 
with dirt.” 1872 Besant & Rice Neady-Money Mortiboy 
xxi, Smearing his coarse hands with spirits, to get off the 
dirt with which they were ditched. 1881 Leicester Gloss. 
s.v., The touch-ole were reg'lar ditched up. 1896 Academy 
29 Feb, 178/3 Deech't. 

b. intr. for reft. 

31881 Leicester Gloss., Ditch. .to get dirty; filled with dirt. 
* My hands never ditch’, i.e. the dirt does not get grained 
into them so that it will not wash off. 

Hence Ditch 54.2 dial. ‘dirt grained into the 
hands, or in cracks, crevices, etc.’ (Leicester Gloss.). 

1847-78 Hacuiweit, Ditch, grimy dirt. 
Gloss. s.v., 1 want to get off the ditch. 

Ditcher (dit{/ar.  [f. Divcn v.! + -Er 1] 

1. One who makes and repairs ditches. 

1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 211 (Matz.) Dichers, 
delverys, that greet travaylle endure. 1 Mann. & 
Househ. Exp, 261 My mastyr payed to John Wodeman, 
the dycher, 1ij.s. iiij.d. 1602 Suaxs. //am. v. i. 33 There 
is no ancient Gentlemen, but Gardiners, Ditchers and Graue- 
makers; they hold vp Adams Profession. 1730 Swirt 
Panegyrick on Dean 156 Our thatcher, ditcher, gard'ner, 
baily. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. ii. § 1 The hedgers and 
ditchers who made the fences ...for the protection of 
the crop. 

2. A machine used to make ditches; a ditching- 
machine. 

1862 Zimes 12 June, In addition to the agricultural 
machines. .a ditcher, which will cut a ditch of any depth or 
width, lift out the earth, and deposit it in any given place. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1, 711 A rotary ditcher. 

attrib, 1887 Sci. Amer. 30 July 74/1 A combined culti- 
vator and potato digger.. It has a plow or ditcher shovel 
formed from a plate of metal, 

3. (See quot. 1890.) 

1884 Pall Mall G. 19 Nov. 1/2 In time of war the 
‘ditchers’ would be bound to coal..at Sierra Leone. 1890 
New Rev. Feb, 153 Steamers specially built for the passage 
“Dhiag | itfiny called [ Jitchers '. : } 

hing (di'tfin), v/. sd. [f.as prec. + -1nc 1, 
The action of the verb Dircu. a. The making 
and repairing of ditches. 

¢ 1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 28 For dichying and 
hegging and delvynge of tounes. 1§23 Fitzners. //usd, 
§ 123 In quickesettynge, dychynge and hedgynge. 1767 A. 
Younec Farmer's Lett. to People 245 When the ditching is 
done, the next work is to land-drain the whole fields. 1868 
Rocers Pol. Econ. xii. (1876) 159 Rough draining, ditching, 
and ay were used in wet soils, 

b. Sculpture. (See quot.). 

1886° Pall Mall G. 1 _— 14/1 On being asked the way 
he prepared his models he continued :—I first draw the sub- 
Sect in crayon .. and then transfer the lines to clay. Then 

begin an operation known as ‘ ditching,’ which consists of 
digging up around the outlines of the figures and objects 
until they stand out in rough relief. 

ce. Comb., as ditching-machine, -plough, -tool. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Ditching-plow, a plow having a 
deep, narrow share for cutting drains and trenches, and means 
for hifting the earth and depositing it at the side or sides of the 
excavation. 1880 J. W. Hine /élustr. Guide Agric. Jmplem, 
500 Fowler's ditchi hine..for op wide di 


or irrigation ditches. 

Di-tchless, a. [f. Dircn sd.1+-LEss.] With- 
out a ditch. 

1876 T. Harpy ce pereetpealy I 27 The glazed high-road 
which stretched, hedgeless and ditchless. .lying like a riband 
(olor anor ms po x ; A. i oa 

io) I, 29 Skirted by a ditchless w: eart stone. 

Ditchlike, a. [f.as prec. + Like a.] Like 
or resembling a ditch. 

1743 Savace London & Bristol (R.), Thy cliffs a ditch- 
like river laves, Rude as thy rocks and muddy as thy waves. 
1890 Botprewoop Colonial Re, 5 (89) 185 A sombre water- 
course, the ditchlike banks of which dropped perpendicularly 


through the clay. 

Ditch-wa-ter. The stagnant, stale, or foul 
water which collects in a ditch, Chiefly in the 
phrases; ‘+ as digne asd. (see Diane 4); + as light 
(i.e. easy) as d.; as dull as d. 


©1394, 7. Pl. Crede 375 ben digne as dich water pat 
degeer in baytep. Ril dy Nenaeyuge E, T. S.) 16 


542 


nae apa forth in be ober figurys till pou come to be ende, 
it is lyght as dyche water. 1819 SHetity Cencé u. i. 67 
Ditch water, and the fever-stricken Of buffs > 4 
W. H. Maxwe et Sports §& Adv. Scotl. (1855) 17 The peop! 
+. are as ‘dull as ditch-water’, G. Travers Mona 
Maclean 1, 203, 1 find them dull as ditch-water, “ 

attrib. 1826 H. N. Corertoce West Indies 295 In virtue 
of their freckled ditchwater faces. ‘ 

Hence Ditchwaterly adv,,= ‘as ditch-water’ 
(see above); Di-tchwa:tery a., of the quality of 
ditch-water, dull as ditch-water; whence Di'teh- 
wa‘teriness. (s071ce-wwds.) 

1840 /'raser’s Mag. XXI. 19 If it be so prepared as to be 
piquant, then, it is of small consequence what may be its 
ditch-wateriness. 1859 SALa Gas-light & D. xxiv. 270 How 
wofully tired, and ditchwaterly dull they look. 

Di'tchy, a. [f. Dire sé.1+-¥1.] Ofthe nature 
of a ditch ; abounding in ditches or deep furrows. 

178 T. Twininc in L. Twining Recreat. & Studies (1882) 
135 If the Seine were a little less ditchy. 1888 Bradford 
Cycle Co. Prospectus 2 The very pleasant swinging sensa- 
tion one feels when riding ditchy roads. .is wonderful com- 
pared to the bumping. .on an ordinary-type safety. 


+ Dite, sd. Obs. (After 1500 only Sc.) Also 5 
dete, dit, 5-6 dyt(e, Sc. dyit. [a. OF. d#t (12the, 
in Littré) saying, speech :—L. dict-unéthat which is 
said, saying, word, f, d&ére to sayy cf. Dict. (The 
final e was app. a phonetic expedient to indicate 
the length of the 7; but in some 15th c. instances, 
it is difficult to say whether dite stands for this, or 
for ditty. See also Dit sd.] 

1. Something indited or composed and put in 
writing; a composition, writing; a written mes- 
sage, letter, ‘ passage’, etc. Zo put in dite: to 
put in writing, put on record. 


1340-70 Alex. & Dind. 819 Sone sente he again his sel & 
his lettrus .. To dindimus pe dere king pat pe dite radde. 


| ¢1425 Wystoun Cron, vin. xix. 1 Here Wyntown poyntis in 


1881 Leicester | 


pis Dyte Quhat he gert of pis Tretis wryt. c1470 Henry 
Wallace v. 540 Maister Jhone Blayr..'That fyrst compild in 
dyt the Latyne buk Off Wallace lyff. 1535 Stewart Cron. 
Scot. 1. 474 In haist ane epistill he gart write .. contenand 
this same dyte. _1§78 /’s. cvi. in Scot. Poems 16th C. 11. 107 


| Thy magnitude I will it put in dyte. 


| Wor 


2. A composition in poetic form, or intended to 
be set to music; a song, a ditty. 

1325 Prose Psalter xxxix [xl]. 4 And he laide gode worde 
in my moube, dite to our Lord [Vulg. carmen Deo nostro). 
€ 1386 7 Cuaucer Balade of Compleynt 16 Beseching you .. 
‘Taccepte in worth this litel povre dyte. c1470 Henry 
Wallace x1. 143 All worthi men at redys this rurall dyt, 
Blaym nocht the buk. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 156 
Sho the cause is of my wofull dyte. 

3. Manner or mode of composition; form of 
speech ; diction, language. Sc, 

c142§ Wyntoun Cron. 1v. Prol. 3 A Tretys made to be 
publik, Fourme of dyte and fayre spekyng. 1535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot. (1858) 1. 4 The kingis grace I knaw 1s nocht per- 
fite In Latyn toung, and namelie in sic dyte It wilbe tedious 
.. To reid the thing he can nocht vnderstand. 1549 Commi. 
Scot. vi. 68 The quhilk dreyme i sal reherse in this gros dyit. 

4. Clamour, vociferation. rare. 

¢1400 Destr. Troy 5788 Cloudis with the clamour claterit 
aboue, Of the dit & pe dyn, pat to dethe went. /id. 11946 
The dyn & the dite was dole for to here. /did. 1347, 8680. 

+ Dite, v. Obs. Also 5-6 dytie. [a. OF. diter, 
earlier dtfier (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), to write, 
compose :—L, dictare, freq. of dicére to say, tell 
(see Dictate), mod.F. dicter, Perh. in some cases 


| aphetic form of endite, INpiTE. After 1500 main] 


Sc. In early examples often difficult to distinguis' 
from DiGut v., senses 1, 2, 6.) 

1. trans. To compose or put in words (a set 
speech, poem, or writing); to indite. (Also 
absol.) 
ay Sat. People Kildare xiv. in FE. E. P. (1862) 155 

B hit wer pat he wer king Pat ditid pis trie bing. € ae 
Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dytyn or ~—— letters and speche, 
dicto. 1450 Henryson A/or. ad. 16 So different. are 
they in properties .. my cunning is excluded for to dyte. 
1535 Coverpace /’s, xliv. 1 My hert is dytinge of a good 
matter. 1549 Compl. Scot. x. 82 Quhou beit that the said 
poietical beuk be 7 oratourly, 3603 Jas. I in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 111. 80, I suspecte ye have rather written 
then dyted it, 

2. =Dicrare. a. To utter or pronounce to a 
coy (what he is to write), b. To prescribe, 

ay down, impose, order. 

fhe first quot. is doubtful ; it may belong to Dicur v. 2. 

a@ 1400-50 Alexander 3462 A3xt daies all lene he dites 
in his pistill For reuerence of Rosan to revell & halowe. 
1536 Bettenven Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 196 Origenes, ane 
singular man..with sa properant ingine, that he wald dite 
fastar than sevin practicians might suffice to write. 1563 
Davinson Answ, Kennedy in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 201 
That quhilk the Haly Spirit dytit to them. a 1598 R. 
Rottock Wks. (1844) 11. ix. 103 Pilate insisted earnestly 
to get Jesus, whom his conscience dited to be innocent, set 
free. 1643 R. Bante Lett. §& Fruls, Mee oh Il. 71 Dr, 
ig, yore -his notes on the hard places of Scripture. 

3. To summon, indict. 

1440 Promp, Parv. 123/2 D: or indytyn for trespace, 
indicto. ¢14§0 HeNRYSON ‘Mor Fab. 43 Ane Schiref stout 
Whilk .. hes with him ane cursed assyse about, And dytes 
all the poore men vpon land. ?a1g00 7hrie Priests Peblis 
(Jam, tg dyte your Lords, and heryis up your men. 
19775 + Prarr Liberal Opinions (1783) 1. 157 grocer 
would dite them for a nuisance, 


Dite, obs. form of Diecut, Dirry. 


DITHEIST. 


+ Ditement!, 0%s. [f. Dire v. + -wenr: ef. 
OF. ditement (L. type *dictamentum) ; but perh. 
often aphetic f. zvditement, INDICTMENT.] 

1. A written or spoken composition ; = Dur sé. 
3. Sas 

1556 Lauper 7ractate I wald beseik 30ur Maies:eis, 
My dytement did 30v roy isplei Wager Cert. 
7 ractates iii, Wks. 1888 1. 25 Ane form of ditement maid 
for caus of exercise priuat studie, as vsis to be in 
1629 Moore or RowatLan 7 rue Crucifix 22 (Jam.) Which 

ditements. — serve his glorious image to p' 
. Inditing ; dictation. Sc. ‘ 

r Jas. I BaowA. Awpov 8 Some of them [apocry 
bots] are no wais like the ditement of the Spirit ol” 

2. A summons, an indictment. 

@1308 Pol. Songs (Camden) 198 That seli asse, That 
trespasid no3t, no did no gilte..in the ditement was i-pilt. 
x pton Corr. 171 Anthony Cliforth gave in the bill 
of dytement against my sone, 

‘tement *, Obs. rare. [for *dightment, f. 
Dicut v. + -MENT.] ‘That with which one is 
‘dight’ or arrayed ; raiment, array. 

1603 Harsnet Pop. /utpost. 93 These Priests ditements 
being severally so a | infernal serpents and scorpions to 
sting and bite the Devil. 

+ Dirter. 0és. Also 4-5 -our, 5-ar. [ME. (and 
AF.) ditour =OF. diteor, ditor, ditur author, com- 
poser, public crier, etc. :—L. dictatér-em (see Dic- 
TATOR), agent-n. f. dictdre: see Dire v. But in 
sense I, perh. a direct deriv. of the vb.] 

1. One who indites ; author, writer, composer. 

1388 Wycur Esther viii. 9 The dyteris and writeris of the 
kyng weren clepid. 1535 Coverpate 2 Sam, xxiii. 1 A 
P t dyter of songes of Israel. 1 Animadv. Kirk 
in J. Melvill’s Diary (1842) 234 For the Saxt Act, the 
dytter thairof apeires to be verie cairfull. 

5. An orator, rhetorician. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Il. 373 Advoketes and di- 
toures [oratores}]. Jbid. Il. 163 pis happe spekep a 
dytour (Ca-ré. or ret[or]ycyon, orig. exclamator guidam.] 

3. A summoner, indicter. 

I R. Brunne Handl. Synne 338 What shal we sey of 
pay! Heat . pat for hate a trew! wy! endyte. c1400-20 
Fudicinm (1822) 6 Of backbytars fals quest dytars. 

ter, obs. form of DiGHTER. 

Ditetragonal (doit/tre gonial), a. Cryst. [f. 
Di-21+TETRAGONAL.] Having eight angles, of 
which the first, third, fifth, and seventh, are equal 
to one another, and the second, fourth, sixth, and 
eighth, also equal to one another, but those of the 
one set not equal to those of the other; as a di- 
tetragonal pyramid or prism. Cf. DIHEXAGONAL. 

1879 RutLey Study Rocks x. 109 The form assumed by 
leucite is a combination of a di-tetragonal pyramid. .with a 
tetragonal pyramid. 1895 Story-Masxetyne Crystallogr. 
vy. § 112. 129 When the symmetry is complete it is di- 
tetragonal. did. vii. § 200. 248 The ditetragonal prism. 

+ Di-tetrahe‘dral, a. Cryst. Obs. [f. Di-? 
1 + TETRAHEDRAL.] Having the form of a tetra- 
hedral prism with gihedral summits. 

1805-17 R. Jameson Char, Min. (ed. 3) 203 It ts 
a four-sided prism, bevelled on the extremities. ple, 
Di-tetrahedral tremolite, 

Diteyne, obs. form of Dirrany. 


Dith, dip, obs. form of Dearu. 
Di ous (daipe'lies), a. Chem. [f. Di-? 
+ Tuaiious (f, THALLIuM + -ovs).] Applied 


to thallious salts which contain two equivalents of 
thallium. See THALLIous, 
1868 Warts Dict. Chem. V. 755 The dithallious salt. 1873 


Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 413 Dit ort! 
Dithecal (daipikal), a. Bot. [fas next +-au.] 
=next. 


1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dithecal anthers, anthers in which 
the septa between the two loculi of each anther-lobe have 
been absorbed, so that there are two cells or cavities only. 

Di (daipikos), a. Bot. [f. Gr. &-, 
Di- 2 twice + @n«n case + -ous.] Consisting of two 
cells or small tacles ; bilocular, 

1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 6. 254 The normal anther is 
tw Hed, bil | ,» or ith 

Ditheism (doipijiz’m). [f. Di-2 + Tuxism.] 
Belief in two supreme gods; religious dualism ; 
esp. the belief in two independent antagonistic prin- 
ciples of good and evil, as in Zoroastrianism and 
Manicheism, Also applied (controversially) to 
forms of belief in which it is asserted or implied 
that Jesus Christ is not of one substance with God 
the Father, as in Arianism and Socinianism, 

1678 Cuwortn /ntell. Syst. 1. iv. oe 213 That fore- 


of two a and an 
rvist's Divinity 84 
‘The common Answer to the Charge of Tien, Di- 
theism, as well of the Post-Nicene, as Ante-Nicene Fathers, 


listus.. 
jpassianism, on t 
A. C. Heapiam in Expository Times Mar. 
a The Fat a Oe oe action, one 
t pose. . If we are to realize . . ‘onement, We 
must a kde all idea of ditheism or tritheism. 
Di (dai-péist). [f. Di- 2+ Tuxrst.] One 
who holds the goon: 1s 
Cupwortn Jnt 4.1. iv. $13. 213 These Di 
ee er ee Pd eal Fh eee 


* 


DITHEISTIC. 


never have asserted any more principles or gods than one. 
1720 WATERLAND Eight Serm. Pref. 36 They do by. . Implica- 
tion, tho’ not in Intention, make two supreme Gods; and 
consequently are practical Ditheists. 

Ditheistic (dai:pzji-stik), a. [f. prec. + -10.] 
Of or pertaining to ditheism. So Dithei‘stical a. 

1678 Cupwortn /n/el?. Syst. 1. iv. § 13. 213 The chiefest 
..Assertors of which Ditheistick Doctrine of..a Good God 
and an Evil Demon, were the Marcionites and the Mani- 
cheans. 1750 Bouinceroke Authority in Relig. 1. xxvii, 
I have spoken somewhere of the ditheistical doctrine. 1890 
Hatcu /nfluence Grk. Ideas Chr. Ch, viii. 228 ‘The di- 
theistic hypothesis was more difficult than the difficulties 
which it explained, ; 

Dither (dida1), v. Chiefly dia/. [A phonetic 
yariation of Dipper, q.v. ; cf. father, mother, fea- 
ther, hither, gather, in which -ther represents earlier 
-der.|_ intr, To tremble, quake, quiver, thrill. 

1 vie: Cast. York (Surtees) 29 He saw the said Sara 
Rodes .. her body quakeing and dithering about halfe a 
quarter of an hower. 1666 tr. Horace Odes 1. xxiii, So 
tremulous is she Dith’ring both in heart and knee. 1820 
Crare Rural Life (ed. 3) 47 Needy Labour dithering 
stands, 18a8 in Craven Gloss. 1891 Mrs, L. Apams Bounte 
Kate 11. iii. 85 Kate would not be there to hear it [the organ] 
boom, and thrill, and ‘dither’. [In most dialect glossaries as 
far south as Shropsh., Leicester, Northamp.] 

Hence Di‘thering vd/. sb, and Ppl. a.; dither- 
ing-grass, quaking-grass, Briza media. 

r82x Crare Vill, Minstr. II. 193 How have I joy’d, with 
dithering hands, to find Each fading flower. 1878-86 
Britren & Hottann Plant-n., ieee Grass, Brisa 
media, Lanc, x890 R. Kiptinc Soldiers Three 65 Thomas 
in bulk cari be worked up into ditthering, rippling hysteria. 

Dither, sd. [f. prec. vb.] The action of dither- 
ing ; vibration. 

1878 F, S. Wittiams Mid?. Railw. 651 The firmness with 
which one has to stand on the footplate in order to resist 
the ‘dither’ oftheengine. 1888 Engineer 24 Feb. 165 /3 The 
range of the reciprocation of the tool .. is not much more 
than a vibration or dither. 

Dithionic (doipaig:nik, dipigsnik), a Chem. 
[f. Di- 2 + Oefoy sulphur + -1c. (The formative 
-thionic is used for a group of compounds contain- 
ing H, O,, in combifation with two or more atoms 
of sulphur.)] In dithionite acid, a synonym of hypo- 
sulphuric acid, H,S,O,, a dibasic acid not isolated 
in the pure state, but forming crystallizable salts, 
called Dithionates (daipai‘dnét). 

1 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 285 Hypo- 
sulphuric acid (Dithionic acid). 1868 Watts Dict. Chem. 
¥. 697 Dithionic acid, when concentrated as highly as 
possible, is an inodorous, strongly acid, hydrated liquid, 
of specific gravity 1-347; on attempting to concentrate it 
further, it is resolved into sulphuric acid and sulphurous 
oxide..The dithionates are permanent at ordinary tempera- 
tures. 1883 Hardzwich's Photogr. Chem. 97 All the acids 
being unstable with the exception of the Dithionic. 

Dithyramb (di-pireemb), [ad. L. dithyrambus, 
a, Gr. &:0vpapBos (origin unknown). In F. adéthy- 
rambe, Also used in the Latin form.] Gr. Antig. 
A Greek choric hymn, originally in honour of 
Dionysus or Bacchus, vehement and wild in char- 
acter; a Bacchanalian song. 

x. Hotiann Plutarch’s Mor. 1358 According as 
Aeschylus saith: The Dithyrambe with clamours dissonant 
Sorts well with Bacchus. 1847 Grote Greece u. xxix. 1V, 
118 The primitive Dithyrambus was a round choric dance 
and song in honour of Dionysus. 1873 Symonps Gr. Poets 
v, 118 The Dithyramb never lost the tempestuous and enthu- 
siastic character of Bacchic revelry. i 

b. transf. A metrical composition having char- 
acteristics similar to this. 

1656 S. Hottanp Zara i. ifi. 153 The Musick having 
charmed their sences with a Celestiall Dithyramb [ J. Dyra- 
thamb]. [1727-51 Campers Cyc/. s. v., Some .. modern 
writers, have composed Latin pieces of all kinds of verse in- 
base pnp - without any order, or distribution into strophes, 
and call them dithyrambi.] 1859 A. A. Bonar in Spurgeon 
Treas. Dav. Ps. vii. heading, Ewald suggests, that it 
[Shiggaion] might be rendered ‘a confused ode’, a Dithy- 
ram 1860 Apter Fauriel’s Prov. Poetry i. 8 Martial 
dithyrambs, full of ardor and highmindedness. 

¢e. A speech or writing in vehement or inflated 
style, 

1863 Gro. Extor Romola xxxix, What dithyrambs he 
went into about eating and drinking. 1863 Sa/. Rev. 153 
M. Victor Hugo, in Les Misérables, has poured forth a 
rhapsody, or dithyramb, or whatever, under a classical 
name, expresses exaggerated and inflated nonsense. 1877 
Mortey Crit, Misc, Ser. 1. 4 Mr. Carlyle. .has reproduced 
in stirring and resplendent dithyrambs the fire and passion 
+ of the French Reyolution, ‘ 

bic (dipiree-mbik), a, and sb. [ad. 
L. dithyrambic-us, a, Gr. b:OvpapBirds, f. dOvpap- 
Bos: see prec. In F. dithyrambigue.] 

_A. adj. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a 
dithyramb ; composing dithyrambs. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1358 To Bacchus they do 
chant .. certeine Dithyrambicke ditties and tunes, 1656 
Cowiey Pindar, Odes, Praise Pindar ii, So Pindar does 
new Words and Figures roul Down his impetuous Dithy- 
rambique ‘Tide. 1853 Grote Greece u. Ixxxiii. XI. 36 The 
dithyrambic poet Philoxenus. 1854 Loner. Zpimetheus ii, 
With dithyrambic dances. : . 

b. ¢ransf. Resembling a dithyramb in irregu- 
larity of style; wild, vehement, boisterous. 
\ x61 SytvesterR Du Bartas u. iv. 11. Schisme 547 Ba’l's 
bawling Priests .. howling chaunt these Dithyrambik charms. 
1689-90 Tempe Ess. Poetry Wks. 1731 I. 245 ‘The common 


. 


543 


Vein of the Gothick Runes was what is termed Dithiram- 
bick. 1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. ix. 329 Dithyrambic liberty 
of Style. 1838 Prescorr Ferd. & /s, (1846) IL. xx. 208 A 
flow of lofty dithyrambic eloquence. . 

B. sb. a, A dithyrambic verse; a dithyramb. 
b. Something resembling a dithyramb in style. 
é. A writer of a dithyramb. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vit. xiv. 367 Philoxenus 
.. went off from the Dorick Dytherambicks unto the Phry- 
gian Harmony. 1674 Biount Glossogr. (ed. 4), The Poets, 
whocomposed such Hymns, were called Dithyrambicks. 1828 
CartyLe Goethe's Helena Misc. Ess. 1872 I. 163 He con- 
cludes with another rapid dithyrambic describing the 
Peninsula of Greece. 18g0 Maurice Mor. & Met. Philos. 
(ed. 2) 126 [Plato] had been a writer of dithyrambics. 

+ Dithyra‘mbical, 2. Obs. rare. = prec. adj. 

1624 GATAKER Transubst, 94 Writing rather like a Dithy- 
rambicall Poet ..then like a sober and sound Divine, 

Dithyrambist (dipirembist). [f. Dirny- 
RAMB+-IST.] A composer or utterer of dithy- 
rambs. 

1885 Sfectator 30 May 704/t The great dithyrambist to 
whom Fragce is about to pay the last honours. 

Dithyrous (di:piros), a. [f. Gr. 5idvpos having 
two doors, (f. 8-, Di-2+ @vpa door) + -ous.] 
‘ Having two valves’, Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

+ Diting, v//. sd. Ods. [f. Dire v. + -1nG 1] 

1. The action of the verb Dire : inditing. 

1382 Wycur MW sd. Prol., That diting the more smelleth 
fair Grec speche. cx400 Destr. Tray 7392 Dares in his 
dytyng. of his dedis tellis. c1440 Promp. Parv. 123/2 
Dytynge, or indytynge of curyowse speche, dictamen. 
a 1605 Potwart /lytyng w. Montgomerie 224 Thy doytit 
dytings soone denie. 

2. Indictment. 

cx44g0 Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dytynge, or indytynge of 
trespace, Zadictacio. 

Diting, obs. form of Dicutine. 

+ Dition (di-fan). Ods. Also 6 dicion. [a. 
OF. diction (dition), ad. L. dicton-em (in later tran- 
scription dz/2on-em) command, rule, sway, autho- 
rity; perh. from root dzc- of dicére to declare, tell, 
say, etc. Cf. ConpitTI0n.] 

1. Rule, sway, jurisdiction, command. 

1538 Leann /¢iz. I. 70 Northalvertonshir is holely of the 
Dition of the Bishop of Duresme. 1633 Br. Hatt ard 
Texts Luke ii. 1 Under the Roman dition and jurisdiction. 
1654 Vitvain Efit, Ess.v. vi, Cambry twelv Shires contains 
under one dition. ‘ : 

2. The country or region under any particular 
rule; a dominion, empire. 

1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph. 256a, A dicion or royalme 
descended and come to his possession, 1545 Jove /.x/, Dax. 
iv. Hivb, Caste oute of theyr dicions empyres and realmes, 
1685 H. More Paralip. Prophet. 64 Herodes Palaestinus 
.. was banished beyond the Alpes, and part of his Dition laid 
to the Publick. 

"1 3. Used by T. Adams app. in sense ‘ enrich- 
ment, resources’: perh, by confusion with Drra- 
TION, and with play on addition, condttion. 

1615 T. Apvams Black Devill 25 A mutinous rebell viresgue 
acquirit eundo: he still enlargeth his own Dition. 1633 — 
Exp. 2 Peter i, 11 Rich men scorn to be beggars, their 
dition admits no such condition. 

+ Di'tionary, a. and sd. Ods. [f. prec. + -ary.] 

A. adj. Under dominion ; subject, tributary. 

1629 CHAPMAN Yuvenal v. 180 Now our markets their 
chief purveyance owe To some remote and ditionary coast. 

B. sd. One who is under rule; a subject. 

155s Even Decades 18 The ditionaries of Cannaboa. 
Ibid, 23 All the ae which dwell betwene the Weste 
ende and his palaice are ditionaries. [1577 Objected to 
by R. Willes in his re-edition of Eden’s Hist, Pref. to 
Rdr.] 

Ditokous (ditokes), a Zool. [f. Gr. durdxos 
having two at a birth (f. &-, Di-2 +7éxos a bring- 
ing forth, offspring) +-ous.] a. Producing two at 
a birth; having twins. b. Laying only two eggs 
in a clutch, as pigeons. c. Producing young of 
two kinds, as some worms, 

In recent Dicts. é : 

Ditolyl (doitowlil). Chem. [Dr-2.] An aro- 
matic hydrocarbon, a crystalline substance of the 
constitution 2(C,H,-CH;): see TotyL. 

1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. U1. 564 Ditolyl..forms mono- 
clinic crystals, easily soluble in hot alcohol, melting at 121°, 
1878 Pharmaceut, Jrul. Ser. 11. VIII. 379 Two liquid 
ditolyls boiling about 275° and 285° were Stated 

Diton, var. of Dirron, Ods., a phrase. 

Ditone (doai-tdun), Aus, [ad. Gr. dirov-ov the 
ancient major third, neuter of Sirovos, f. &-, D1- 2 
+7évos TONE.] An interval containing two whole 
tones; a major third; esp. the Pythagorean major 
third in ancient Greek music, consisting of two 
major tones (ratio 81 ; 64). 

1609 Doutanp Ornith. Micro. 18 A Ditone is a perfect 
third: so called, because it containes .. two Tones. 694 
W. Hotper Harmony (x73) 98 In the Enharmonic Kin 
[the Ancients used] only Diesis, or quarter of a Tone, and 
made the Tetrachord, 


Ditone, as the ~—— whereby th 
1818 Gentl. Mag. May 416/r ‘The Enharmonic [Scale pro- 


ceeded] by the semitone and ditones (or combinations of two 
whole tones). : 

Hence ‘ Dito‘nean a., containing a ditone, 
Obs. 

1728 R. Nortu Mem, of Music (1846) 20 The Ditonean 
scale as they used it is not without this fault. : 


| 


DITTANDER. 


Ditrematous (doitr?matas), a. Zool. [f. mod. 
L. Ditrémata neut. pl. (f. Gr. &-, Di-2 + rpfya, 
Tpnuar- opening) +-ous.] Of or pertaining to the 
Diutremata, a division of gastropod molluscs, hav- 
ing the external male and female orifices widely 
separate ; also, having the anal and genital orifices 
distinct, as in Dz/rema, a genus of fishes. 

In recent Dicts. 

Ditremid (doitr7mid). Zool, [f. mod.L. Di- 
tremid-w sb. pl., f. Ditrema: see prec.] A fish of 
the family Ditremide, of which Ditrema (see prec.) 
is the typical genus. So Ditre’moid a., of or per- 
taining to this family of fishes. 

Di-tri-, 2 compendious way of expressing d7- or 
tri-, di- and trt-, in composition, as dz-trichotomous 
= dichotomous or trichotomous, d?-trimerous 
(abbreviated 2-3 -merous, cf. 2-3 -fid, 2-3 -celled, 
etc.). 

1838 Loupon Encycl. Plants (1841) 57 Trichodium cani- 
num, Branches of panicle di-trichotomous roughish, glumes 
acute. 1847 Craic, Ditrichotomous, divided into twos or 
threes ; having the stems continually dividing into double or 
treble ramifications ; the term is sometimes applied to a 
panicle of flowers. {So in later Dicts.] ee 

Ditriglyph (doitraiglif). Arch. [a. F. detrt- 
sphe (Dict. de Trevoux), f. Di- > + vighyphe.] 

1. ‘The space between two triglyphs’. 

1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyc, 1731 Baitey vol. II. 1754 Diet. 
Arts & Sc. 1.947. 1830‘ R. Sruarr’ Dict, Archit. IN. 11 
Ditriglyph, the intervening space between two triglyphs. 
(Cf. Livtré s.v. Ditrigly phe.) 

2. A certain interval (viz. 53 modules) between 
columns of the Doric order ‘nearly but not quite 
equal to that of the diastyle intercolumniation in 
the other orders, which is 6 modules), admitting 
the use of two triglyphs in the frieze, between those 
over the columns. 

(This sense app. began with quot. 1791, in which it was 
perhaps an attrib. or adj. use of 1.) 

1791 Sir W. Cuampers Civil Archit. (ed. 3) 80 Setting .. 
aside the pycnostyle and _systyle dispositions,..the diastyle 
intercolumniation..may be employed... in all the orders, 
excepting the Doric; in which the most perfect interval is 
theditriglyph. 1830‘R. Stuart’ Dict. Archit. UW. 11 Detrt- 
glyph, in intercolumniations, the placing of two triglyphsover 
the intercolumn, so that a triglyph being placed over each 
of the two outermost columns, will form the ditriglyph. 1842 
Gwitt Encycl. Archit, 717. 1850 J. H. Parker Gloss. 
Terms (ed. 5) 166 Ditriglyph, an interval between two 
columns, admitting two triglyphs in the entablature; used 
in the Doric order. 

3. attrib. or adj. = next. 

1819 P. Nicnotson Dict, Archit. 1. 389 Ditriglyph, having 
two triglyphs over the intercolumn. : : 

So Ditrigly‘phie a., having two triglyphs in the 
space over the intercolumniation. 

1837 Penny Cycé. VII. 218 The centre intercolumn. .in the 
Propylza at Athens, where a ditriglyphic arrangement is 
employed. _ 

Ditrigonal (daitri-gonal), a. Cryst. [f. Di- 2 
+ TriconaL.] Having six (dihedral) angles, of 
which the first, third, and fifth are equal, and also 
the second, fourth, and sixth, but those of the one 
set not equal to those of the other, (Cf. Drmexa- 
GONAL, DITETRAGONAL.) 

1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 60 Some minerals, .appear to 
possess a truly hexagonal and not merely a trigonal or ditri- 
gonal symmetry. 1895 Story-MaskELyNE Crystallogr. v. 
§ 116, 133 A form with six poles grouped round the axis, 
that may be viewed as an axis of ditrigonal symmetry, 
Lbid. vii. § 244. 293 The ditrigonal scalenohedron. 

Hence Ditri‘gonally adv. 

1895 Srory-MaskELYNE Crystallogr, vii. § 246. 296 The 
summit-quoins are symmetrical ditrigonally on the axis. 

Ditrochee (deitrauk7). Pros, [ad. L. ditroche- 
us, a. Gr. Sitpdxaros, f. &-, Di-2 + rpoxatos TRO- 
CHEE. Oftener used in the L, form.] A foot consist- 
ing of two trochees ; a double trochee: = DIcHOREE. 
So Ditroche‘an a., containing two trochees. 

{x Puitutps (ed. Kersey), Ditrochxus, a Foot in Greek 
or Latin Verse which consists of two Trochees ; as Canti- 
léna.] 1855 Sat. Rev. I. 3/2 Does Absolute Wisdom take 
pleasure in forced and far-fetched @fropos, or does it delight 
in ditrochees? 1846 Worcester, Ditrochean, containing 


two trochees. din. Rev. : : 

Ditroite (ditroait). An. [f. Dztro in Tran- 
sylvania +-1TE.] (See quot. 1868.) 

1868 Dana Minx. 328 A rock composed of orthoclase, 
elzolite, and sodalite, from Ditro in Transylvania, is the 
ditroyte of Tschermak. 1879 RutLey Study Rocks x. 108 
It isa component of the rock named ditroite, in which it 
occurs associated with sodalite [etc.]. 

Ditt, obs. form of Dir sé. and v. 

Dittander (ditendor), ?Ods. [Of the same 
origin as Dirrany; the form dt/aundere appears 
to be Anglo-F. (cf. OF. dita), but its terminal 
part is unexplained.] 

1, A name for Pepperwort, Lepiédinm latifolium : 
=DIrrany 4. 

[c 1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wiilcker 556/34 Diptannum, 
ditaundere.) 1578 see Dittany 4]. 1597 Gerarve Herbal 
u, vii. § 2. 188 The Englishmen [call it] Dittander, Ditany, 
and Pepperwoort. 1671 Satmon Syn. Med, it. xxii. 419 
Piperitis, Aemidcov, Dittander, 1832 Veg. Subst. Food 195 
Dittander ., The leaves..are .. hot and acrid .. whence ., 
the name of ‘ poor man’s pepper’, y 


DITTANY. 


' 
+2. Petters of Conta: =Drrrany 1. Obs. a 
3607 Torsett Serpents (1658) 619 Things that. .will like- 
* wise defend and keep us ee) Pes Seren, haakueen ? ago 
“page Tae 2 T } i siteaect “pd Calami 


P ood, D ey 

x6xr Cotsr., Dictame de Candie, dittanie of Candia, the 
ht Dittander. wage Peasare, Dittany, or Dittander, 
‘b growing abundantly in Dicte, a Promontory of Creet. 
(ditani), Forms: 4 ditoyne, 5 dy- 
tan(e, diteyne, di-, dytayne, detane, 5-6 de- 
tany,-ie, 6 ditanie, dittayne, ditten, 6-7 ditany, 
dittani(e,(7dittamy, diptani),6-dittany. Also 
8. 6-7 dictam, 7 dictamne, dictamen; y. (in 
Lat. forms) 6 dictamus, dictanum, (dictamion), 
6-7 dictamnus, dictamnum. [repr. OF. ditan 
(12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ditain, diptam, dictam, 
later diplame, dictame, -amne:—med.L. dictamus, 
-um, L, dictamn-us, -um, Gr. dixrapvov, reputed 
to be f. Auery, the mountain Dicte in the island of 
Crete, where (among other places) the herb grew. 
It is not easy to account for the English forms 
in -ayne,-any. But the word suffered great per- 
version in other langs, also: thus med.L. had also 
diptamnus, diptamus, diptanus, ditanus, etc.: cf. 

also Pr. dip/amnt# (Littré), It. dittamo.] 

1. A labiate plant, Origanum Dictamnus, called 
also Dictamnus Creticus or Dittany of Crete; 
formerly famous for its alleged medicinal virtues. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xlix. (1495) 632 Dip- 
tannus..is of so grete vertue that it dryueth and putteth 
out yren out of the body, therfore beestys smyte wyth 
arowes ete therof. a 1400 Pistill of Susan 114 Daysye and 
Ditoyne, Ysope and Aueroyne. 1§13 Dovctas xe/s xu. 
vii. 74 Venus. .Caucht rewth and piete of hir sonnys diseis, 
And from the wod of mont Ida in Creit, Vp hes scho pullit 
dictam, the herb sweit. 1546 Lanciey Pol. Verg. De 
Invent. 1. xvii. 31b, As the Harte stryken with an arrow 
driueth it out with Detany. 159: Harincton Ori, Fur. 
xix. xvii, An herb whose vertue was to staunch the blood, 
As Dittany. 1794 Martyn Xoussean’s Bot, xxii. 310 
Dittany of Crete has the small purple flowers collected in 
loose nodding heads. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1. 1. 
484 Fresh dittany beloved of wild goats. 

b. fig. (From the supposed power of Cretan 
dittany to expel weapons. ) 

1623 Sir E. Dicay Sf. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) 1. 134 
We shall receive from his Royal Hand that Dictamen which 
must expel these Arrows that hang in the sides of the 
Commonwealth. 1624 Br. Hate Serv. v. 190 The shaft 
sticks still in thee ;.. None but the Sovereign Dittany of thy 
Saviour’s Righteousness can drive it out. 1639 ‘I’. Brucis 
tr. Camus’ Mor. Relat, 297 But this newes..was a forcible 
dittany to drive this arrow out of the wound, 1860 TREeNcu 
Serm, Westm,. Abb, xv. 179 Vhe arrow which drinks up his 
spirit, there is no sovereign dittany which will cause it to 
drop from his side. P 

+2. Applied to another labiate, Marrubium Pseu- 
dodictamnus, also called Bastard Dittany. Ods. 

1552 Huvoet, Dittayne, called false dittayne, herb, con- 
dris. 1578 Lyte Dodvens 1. \xxxviii. 267 The second 
kinde which is called Pseudodictamnum, that is to say 
Bastarde Dictam, is much like vnto the first..sauing that 
it is not hoate. 16xr Cotcr., Dictame bastard, Bastard 
Dittanie ; somewhat resembles the right one. 1671 SALMON 
Syn. Med. ut. xxii, Pseudo-dictamnus.. Bastard Dittany. 

3. The English name for the genus Déctamnus 
(N.O. Xutacew); esp. D. Fraxinella (Bastard 
Dittany), and D. albus (White Dittany). 

(r55r Turner //erda/1. O iv, Dictamnus growith no where 
ellis that I knowe of, sauynge only in Smeg be -Many haue 
abused fraxinella for thys betel 1605 ‘Timmer Quersit. 
ut. 177 Take. .of white diptani,..of goates beard,..of each 
one handfull, 1611 Cotcr., Dictame blanc, tragium, fraxi- 
nella; called also bastard, or false Dittanie; and oft mis- 
taken..for the right Dittanie. x Martyn Roussean’s 
Bot. xix. 266 White Dittany or Fraxinella. 1866 
Bot., Dittany, Bastard, Dictamnus Fraxinella, 

+4. Erroneously applied to Pepperwort, Lepidium 
latifolium (N.O, Cruciferx) : see DITTANDER 1. 

1548 Turner Names of Herbes 34 Some cal Lepidium also 
Dittany. 1573 Tusser //usb. xlv. (1878) 97 Detanie, or 
_— ginger, 1578 Lyte Dodoens vy. \xvi. 631 heading, Of 

ittander Dittany, but rather Pepperwurt. ; 

5. Applied to various plants resembling the above 
in appearance or properties ; esf.in U.S. to Cunila 
Mariana (N.O. Ladbiate), 

gs T. Grover Virginia in Phil. Trans. X1. Here 
is also an herb which some call Dittany, others Pepper- 
wort ; it is not Dittany of Candia, nor English Dittander. 
1693 . CLavTon Ace. a, a in Misc. Cur. (1708) IL, 
352 They fetched some of the Herb which they call Dittany, 
as having a great Traditionary Vertue for the Cure of 
Poisons, 1712 tr. Pomet’s Hist. pre I, 26 Snake-Root 
is called by some Dittany. 1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict, 
Med. Terminol., Cunila Mariana, dittany; mountain 
dittany ; stone-mint; a plant possessing stimulant, car- 
minative, and aromatic properties. 

Di (dite, diti). Sc. Zaw. Also 5 dyttay ; 
ef. also Dirry f [a. OF. dité, ditté, and thus the 
same word as Dirry, but prob. of later introduc- 
tion in Sc., and in consequence preserving later 
the Fr, pronunciation, represented by final -ay.] 

The matter of charge or ground of indictment 
against a n fora criminal offence; also, the 
formulated indictment. 70 take up dittay, to ob- 
tain ‘information and presentments of crime in 
order to trial’ (Bell Dict, Law Scot.). 

.¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 274 A gret dyttay for Scottis thai 
ordand than, 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot, 1, 192 Befoir the 


Treas. 


544 


air ane dittay for to tak In euirilk sch 1571 Satir. 
Poems Reform. xxviii. 182 The Justice Clerk my dittay red 
perqueir. @ Montcomerte Fiyting w. Polwart 77 Thy 


dittay was death: thou dare notdeny it. 1609 Skene Keg. 
Maj. 6. Rutnerrorp Lett, (86a) I. 431 As many 
sentences as dittay shall there 


uttered, as many points 
be, when the Lord shall plead with the woi 1743, 9. 
Chamberlayne's St. Gt. Brit. u, wt. ¥. 412 The methed of 
taking up ders by dittay. .abolished. 1753 W. Stewart 
in Scots Mag, Mar. 135/2 This letter. .is brought as a point 
of dittay against the pannel. 1818 Scorr rt. Mid/. xii, 
Here’s the dittay against puir Effie: Whereas [etc. 

Jig. 1831 Westminster Rev, X1V. 50 All that he says 
under this head of dittay, consisting of a string of niaiseries 
unworthy of a schoolboy. 

Ditten, obs. var. of Dirrany. 

Dittied : see Dirty v. 


Ditto (ditto). [a. It. ditto (Florio), detto said, 


spoken, aforesaid (:—L. dictus,-um}. - Used in It. - 
with asb. like ‘ said’ in . (#2) detto libro * (the) 


said book’ ; also, a fheet os, Fh to avoid repetition of 
the name of a month, thus (Vocab. Della Crusca) 
‘Sotto li-22 di dicembre mi fu significato . . che 
per li 26 detto..io dovessi’ etc. (on the 22nd 
December it was signified to me.. that by the 
26th aforesaid (ditto) .. 1 should have, etc.). 
This .was the original sense in’ which the word 
was adopted in English, where it has been trans- 
ferred to other uses, quite unknown to Italian.] 

+1. In or of the month already named; said 
month. Odés. 

1625 Purcnas Pilgrims x.ix. § 4 The eight and twentieth 
ditto, I went..to the Generals Tent. 1677 HeNcuMAN in 
W. Hubbard Narrative (1865) I. 237 They, 27 ditto, brought 
in two Squaws, a Boy and a Girl, |By d7tto is meant June, 
the date jes 30 having just been mentioned.] 

2. By extension: The aforesaid, the same; used, 
in accounts and lists (where also abbreviated d°, 
do., or expressed by two dots or commas, or a dash) 
to avoid repetition of a word or phrase appearin 
above ; hence in commercial, office, and colloquia! 


language. 

1678 Puituirs, Ditto (Italian, said) [1706 adds the afore- 
said or the same] a word used much in Merchants Accompts, 
and relation of Foreign news ; and signifieth the same place 
[ed. 1696 the same Commodity or Place] with that im- 
mediately beforementioned. 1712 Arsutunot Yohn Bull 
iv. ii, To Esquire South's accompt for fost Terminums 'Yo 
ditto for Non est factums. 1752 J. Loutnian Form of 
Process (ed. 2) 261 To the Clerk for every Petition or 
Answer o 12 0 To ditto for Letters of Intimation or Libera- 
tion..o0 180. 1759 Verrat Cookery 105 (Stanf.) Parsley 
roots, and leaves of ditto, 1776 G. Semrte Building in 
water 67 C. ‘Thorough Foundation of Masonry..D. Low- 
water mark (three Feet above ditto Foundation}. 1814 Cot. 
Hawker Diary (1893) I. 116 Buonaparte’s crown. .ditto of 
Charlemagne. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge lii, Came in 
yesterday morning rather the worse for liquor, and was.. 
ditto last night. 1878 Ldoyd'’s Weekly 19 May 5/2 (Stanf.) 
Mrs. Brown (who is also possessed of ditto ditto ditto). 

b. 70 say ditto to: to acquiesce in or express 
agreement with what has been said by (another) ; 
to endorse the statements or conclusions of. 

1775 in Prior Life of Burke (1825) I. 284 His brother can- 
didate Mr. Cruger, a merchant..at the conclusion of one of 
Mr. Burke's eloquent harangues, finding. .nothing to add.. 
exclaimed .. in the language of the countirig-house, ‘I say 
ditto to Mr. Burke’. 18.. W. E. Norris (Dixon), His 
wife’s convictions resembled those of the wise and unassum- 
ing politician who was content to say ditto to Mr, Burke. 
1894 Mrs. H. Warp Marcella 11. 8 Two people who are. 
going to be married ought to say ditto to each other in 
everything. . 

3. Hence as sd. a, A duplicate or copy; an 
exact resemblance ; a similar thing. 

A J. Q. Avams in Fam, Lett. (1876) 209 Canteens, camp 
kettles, blankets, tents, shoes, hose, arms, flints, and other 
dittoes. 1818 Lapy Morcan FV. A/acarthy (819) III. i. 67 
(Stanf.) Judge Aubrey, just the ditto of herself. 1880 Mrs, 
Parr Adam & Eve xii. 173 Aunt and uncle and my mother 
..think his ditto was never.made. 1 I LIPHANT 
Haifa (1887) 236 The upper fragment. .the ditto of which 
is to be found at Irbid, : 

b. Cloth of the same material ; chiefly plural, 
in suzt of dittos: a suit of clothes of the same 
material and colour throughout, 

1755 Comnctoerer 070 IIL. No. 77 %3 A snuff-coloured 
suit of ditto with bolus buttons. 2787 Microcosm (1793) 
II. No. 29 P 16 To. .rescue a suit of Dittos from revilings. 
1817 Betor Sexagenarian (1818) 52 His suit of clothes was 
pecs. of what the young men that day called Ditto. 

Soutney Doctor II, lvi. 191 A sober suit of brown or 
snuff-coloured dittos such as beseemed his profession, 1883 
Payn Thicker than Water ix, He was never seen in dittos 
even in September. é "ged 

ce. A succession of the same thing ; a repetition. 

1887 CLeLanp True to a Type. 112 Picnics .. form an 
ever-recurring ditto, 


4. attrib. and Comb., as ditto-suit; ditto-say- 


ing adj. 
1892 Pall Mall G. 5 May 7/1 Knots.. that cannot be 
untied by loud banality or ditto-saying G! ianism. 


ladstonian’ 

1893 Daily News 5 Apr. 7/1 No change is recorded in ditto 
suits. 

“| For Drrry sb. 3. baeapee ee 

ay T. Goopwin Object. Fustif. Faith 1. ix. Wks. 1 
IV. «os declared Ditto: ‘rhie a 

Hence Di-tto v., to produce a ‘ditto’ or dupli- 
cate of; to match. Di'ttoism, Di'ttoship, exact 


| repetition or reproduction ; sameness, 


: DITTY. | 


Hatisurton Clockm, (1862) 162 Where will 
Pinney) It whips Ragihh wont zie 
eas om. ors 
set herself wy a pract! ittoship with men. 
A.A. Perc 10 Gomgh A Fudge vii. 42 ee 


tedium of court-| ttoism. 1890 Army and Ni 

Gaz. ‘ Dittoing’ the ships of other lbid., 

Whas'te the! Dopo Lome to'be *dittoed with? tid 
Di [f. Gr. d:rré-s twofold, double 


+ ypappa: see -GRAM.] A letter or series of letters 
unintentionally repeated by a scribe in copying; 
= Dirrocrapu, 

1881 Atheneum 16 July 77/2 The mora of ‘moram’ may 
be a dittogram from -m orationis. 

Dittography (ditp:grifi). [f. as ie ~ 
-GRAPHY ; cf. Gr. &rroypapovpevoy a double read- 
ing.) In Palwography and Textual Criticism: 
Double writing ; the unintentional repetition of a 
letter or word, or series of letters or words, by a 
copyist. So Ditttograph, a letter or series of 
letters thus repeated; Dittogra*phic a., of the 
nature of a dittograph. 

T. H. Key Language 407 note, The letters in italics 
stand, probably, for proberdem, i.e. a rg ng for probe 
and pridem, 1 . Sweet A. S. Rdr. Notes (1879) 202 
The ge may be merely a scribal error—a repetition (ditto- 

raphy) of the preceding ge. 1882 Athenvum 7 Oct. 456/3 
They committed errors through confusing sounds. .t h 
dittography and repetition of letters. 1885 /did. 11 July 
46/2 If the > of *2 02 is considered as dittographic of the 
2 of the word 3nY) which precedes. 1889 Sat. Rev. 26 
Jan. 108/1 Mistakes that arose from the haplography, ditto- 
graphy, homoroteleuton, and all the other malfeasances of 
the much-abused Scribes. 1893 J. Coox Witson in Classical 
Rev. Feb. 34/1 Ovdeis before gyno. may be a dittograph of 
ovs’ « after ¢nou. 

Ditto. (ditglédzi). [ad. Gr. derro-, kao- 
Aoyia repetition of words, f. d:rroAdyos, f. dirrés, 
d:aads double: see -(0)LoGy.] A twofold or double 
reading or interpretation. 

1678 Putts, Dittolegy (Gr.) Double reading, such as 
divers Texts of Scripture wall admit of. f Boston 
Mem, xu. 474 Thinking on the sacred maane Suber I had 
fallen into a notion of its being a dittology standing for 
Jehovah Elohim. 1839 F. Har Vdsavadatta Pref. rx 


‘There is scarcely a doubt of. .the ption that 
designs a dittology. 
Ditton. Obs, Also 6 Sc. dytone, 7 diton. 


i F, dicton (in 16th c. pronounced dton, acc. to 
alsgrave p. 23, and Beza), a word or phrase become 
proverbial :—L, dictum a saying, see Dictum.] A 
phrase, an expression ; esp. one of the nature of a 
motto or proverb, 

1572 Satir. Poems Reform. xxx. ad fin., Finis with the 
Dytone Quod Sempill. ~ 1606 Birnte Airk-Buriall (1833) 
17 Inscryving their tombes with a trigram of D. M. S.a diton 
-~ te manibus —— + Cones Pilgr. 

erm, ie win, blooming 
tree This Diton indorsed shall wel ——- wae 

RQU - 
dtaraal Mamoiel vespe dete same lkaen, ected 

Ditty (diti), sd. Forms: 4 dittee, 4-5 dite, 
ditee, dyte, dytee, (5 dete, dety, dytte), 6-7 
ditie, dittie, (6 detie, diti, ditte, dytie, dytty), 
6- ditty. 8. 5 dictee, dyctee, 6 dictie, dyctye. 
[ME. dite, ditee, a. OF. dité, ditté, orig. ditié, in 
17th c. dictié, composition, treatise :—L. dictit-um 
thing dictated, lesson, exercise, neut. pa. pple. of 
dictare to Dicratr.] 

+1. A composition; a treatise: =Drre sé. 1. 


z Higden (Rolls) I11. Ditee of T: 
whiche he [Aristotle] tame pt Nebr [Higd. ties 
di quod dedit Al dro.) ¢x1400 Rom. Rose 5289 Of 
this unyte spak Tulius in a ditee (Cicero De Amicitia). 

2. A composition intended to be set to music and 
sung; a song, lay; now, a short simple song ; often 
an of the songs of birds, or applied deprecia- 


tively, . 
arzzoo Sat, P: Kildare ix. in E. E. P. (1862) 154 
Sn Wren Wy ‘od, Teena Men pee thie dises 
1 your Exod, xv. 1 tl 

wie Lord. — Prov, xxv. 20 That singeth dites with 


peruerted herte. c 1485 Disly Myst. w.795 Sum dolorose 
dit PuTrennam . Poesie 1, xxx. (Arb.) 72 
Si The seta cbt Sentaas te tanciek Bice aaa 


we..do imitate and vse vnder these common names; enter+ 
lude, song, ballade, carroll and Leng 3599 Suaxs. Pass, 
Pilgr. 199 The lark, .doth welcome aylig t with her 'e 
1625 Gonsalvio's Inguis. 194 Filthie and slanderous 

sung by boyes in his boy ore 1667 Mitton P, L. xt. 584 
To the Harp they sung amorous Ditties. 1712 HenLey 
Spect. a pene Penning a Catch = instead of 
inditing and Sonnets. @1800 Cowrer Poplar Field 
SLU 
1885 R. Bucnanan 
ditty she went round with a 


ition in verse ; a poem, 
1387 TRrEvisA Winton (Rolls) IV. 309 A Greek .. usede 


to make noble ditees in 


many one. 

Purrennam Z£ng. Poesie ui. xix. (Arb.) 225 Our. poet 

in his short chins ». wil... conleeaaee with 
a verse or two, spoken in such sort, as [etc.]. 1614 Br, Hatt 


wer ry. 


+3. The words of a song, as distinguished from 
the music or tune; also, the leading theme or 
phrase ; hence, Subject, matter, theme, ‘burden 

1552 Hutoet, Dittye synger, or he that beareth y° fote of 
the song, Arasentor. 1561 Br, Parkuursr /ujunctions, 
That the songe in the Churche be..so deuised and vsed 
that the ditte may plainly be vnderstand. 1580 Sipnry /’s. 
xut. v, Still, therefore, of thy graces shall be my Songs 
ditty. 1600 Suaks. A. Y. L. v. iii. 36 There vvas no great 
matter in the dittie, yet y° note was very vntunable. 1641 
i. Jackson True we T. m. 175 The Dity of that 

mne, or Caroll, [was] Peace on earth. 1654 WuxITLOck 

‘ootomia 485 Hymnes and Spirituall Songs, where Humane 
Invention cometh in for Ditty and Notes. 1672 Sir ‘I. 
Browne Lett. to Friend § 25 To be dissolved and be with 
Christ was his dying ditty. — 

+4. That which is said; speech. Ods. rare. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/2 Whan he spack for his 
frende he attempred soo the maner of his dytee that he was 
not ouer hastyng hym self. K 

+5. =Dirray. (Anglicized spelling of the Sc. 
law term.) Oés. 

1634 Rutuerrorp Le/?, (1862) I. 134 If you can leari 
a ditty against C., try, and cause try, that ye may see the 
Lord’s righteous judgement upon the devil’s instruments. 
1649 Br. Corniex Mem. (1702) 47 The Scottish Bishops. .did 
accuse the Earl of Traquair..and gave in great Ditties 
against him. 1657 Hutcueson Exfos. Fohn iii. 17 Albeit 
Christ may be eventually for the falling of many, and his 
coming will afford sad matter of ditty against them. 

“tty, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.: cf. OF. ditier to 
write, compose, Dirr.] a. z¢r. To sing a ditty ; 
trans. to sing as a ditty; also, to celebrate in 
song. b. To fit or adapt words to (music) : cf. prec. 
2. Hence Di‘ttied /f/. a., Di'ttying vd/. sd. 

1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. 172 You must have an especiall 
care of causing your parts [of a ditty] giue place one to 
another..nor can you cause them rest till they haue ex- 
pressed that part of the dittying which they haue begun. 
Ibid. 178 One of the greatest absurdities which I haue 
seene committed in the dittying of musicke. 1602 Marston 
Antonio's Rev. u.ii, Such Songs. .I often dittied till my boy 
did sleepe. 1633 G. Hersert 7'emple, Providence iii, Beasts 
fain would sing; birds dittie to their notes. 1633 P. 
Frercuer Purple Isl. 1. viii, Which bears the under-song 
unto your chearfull dittying. 1633 -— Poet, Misc. 65 My 
Fusca’s eyes, my Fusca’s beauty dittying. 1634 Mitton 
Comus 86 With his soft Pipe, and smooth-dittied song. 1768 
S. BentLey River Dove 8 Heard is the love-ditty’d Strain, 
1797 ‘I’. Park Sonnets 97 Many a little dittied tale. 

Bitty-bag. [Origin obscure: according to 

Smyth Saz/or’s Word-bk. it ‘derives its name from 
the dittis or Manchester stuff of which it was once 
made’; but no evidence of this is given, nor is any- 
thing known of the stuff alleged.] A bag used by 
sailors to contain their smaller necessaries. 

c¢1860 H, Stuart Seaman's Catech, 81, 1 ditty bag, to 
contain two dozen of clothes stops, needles, thread, scissors, 
tape, thimbles, and buttons. 1885 RuNcIMAN Skippers & 
sh. 159 He had a lumpy canvas bag~—a dittey-bag they 
call it—on his shoulders. 2 

So Di'tty-box, a box serving the same purpose, 
used by fishermen. 

1883 Pall Mall G.2 June Suppl., A ‘ditty-box’ is an 
American fisherman’s receptacle for all sorts of odds and 
ends together -with implements of every-day use, 1883 
Fisheries Exhib. Catal, 198 Fishermen's tools, ‘ ditty-boxes,’ 
«.coopering tools, [etc.]. ; 

|| Diuca (dz,z#*ka, doi,'%#ka). Ornith. [Native 
name in Chili.] A Chilian finch, Déuca grisea. 

1893 W. H. Hupson /dle Days Patagonia i.15 Vhe diucas 
_were sure prophets. 

Diureide (doij'tierzjaid). Chem. [f. Di-2 + 
Urerpe.] A compound of two urea-residues with 
an acid radical. 

31877 Warts Fownes’ Chem, 11. 400 The 4- and 5-carbon 
diureides (including uric acid itself) are formed by the union 
of one molecule of a bibasic acid and 2 molecules of urea, 
with elimination of 4 molecules of water, and accordingly 
contain one diatomic acid residue and two urea-residues, 
CO-2(NH). | 

|| Diuresis (doi,'ur7 sis). Med. [mod.L. diré- 
sis, a. Gr. *covpnass, f, da through + otpyots urina- 
tion, Uresis. Cf. F. diurése.] Excretion or eva- 
cuation of urine, especially when excessive. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks, Vocab., Diuresis, evacua- 
tion by urin, 1710 ‘I, Futter Pharm, Extemp. 81 It (the 


decoction] turns off Feculencies by. .Diuresig, 1879 Kuory ~ 
Princ. Med. 31 Diuresis may be due to an abpormal condi- 
tion of the passages, to nervous infl 

Diuretic (daijiuretik), a. and sb. Med. Also 


5 duretick, -ik, duritik, 6 diuretike, dyury- 
tyke, (7 diuretique), 7-8 diuretick(e. [ad. L. 
ditirétic-us, a. Gr. ioupntinéds promoting urine, f. 
doupety to urinate: see prec. Cf. F. diurétique 
(14th ¢. in Hatz.-Darm.). 

A. adj. Having the quality of exciting (exces- 
sive) excretion or discharge of urine. 

¢ 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 276 A decoccioun of herbis pat 
ben mollificatif & duretik. 1541 R. Coptanp Gadyen's 
Terap. 2 Hijb, It must be myxed..with some dyurytyke 
medycamentes, Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. uv. 84 
Inwardly received it may be very diuretick, and expulse 
the stone in the kidnyes. 1732 ArsuTHnor Rules “@ 
Diet, All salts whatsoever are diuretick. 1885 AZanch. 
Exam. 4 May 5/2 The salts of potash which it contains 
are diuretic. : 

+b. Of persons : Urinating excessively. Ods. 

bined Life Sir B, Sapskull U1. 97. 1812 Morn. Chron. 
11 Apr. — : 
Vor. IIT. 


| 
| 


545 


B. sé. A substance having the property of pro- 
moting excretion or evacuation of urine. 

c1400 Lanfran’s Cirurg. 279 Pou schalt make him a 
clisterie of duritikis. 1658 RowLanp Mou/fet’s Theat. Ins. 
g12 Galen placeth it amongst Diureticks. 1704 Swirr 7. 
Tub Wks. 1760 I, 109 Laughter .. the most innocent of all 
diureticks. 1732 ArsutHnot Aves of Diet 256 Stimulatory 
Diureticks. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 477+ 

+ Diuretical, a. (s3.) Ols. Med. [f. as prec. 
+-AL.] =prec. A. adj. 

r6or Hotianp Pliny Il. 444 The egs or spawn that the 
Cuttill fish doth cast be diureticall, and prouoke vrine. 1646 
Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. u. v. 92 ‘Vhat Bezoar is Anti- 
dotall, Lapis Judaicus diureticall..we will not deny. 1685 
Phil. Trans. XV. 983 Scaliger’s Story of the sound of the 
bagpipe being too diuretical upon a Knight of Gascony. 

. Sb, 

1658 A. Fox tr. Wurtz’ Surg. 1. vii. 236 To this purpose 
are..used.,all manner of diureticals, 

Hence + Diure‘tically adv., in a diuretic way, 
by diuresis ; + Diure‘ticalness, diuretic property. 

1644 Hammonp Loyal Convert 13 Physicians evacuate the 
Body..sometimes by Phlebotomie..sometimes diuretically. 
1662 H, Stusse /xd. Nectar iii. 65 Its de-obstructing 
faculty, and its diureticalness. 1751 SmMo.tert Per. Pic. 
Ixv, Peregrine’s nerves were diuretically affected. 

Diuretin (daiurztin). Chem. [f. as prec. + 
-1n.] A crystalline compound derived from coal- 
tar, used as a diuretic. 

1890 Lance? 11 Oct. 783/2 Diuretin has produced well- 
marked diuresis in many eases of dropsy. 

+Biwrn e,a. Olds. Also 4-5 dyurne, diourne. 
[ad. L. déurn-us of or belonging to a day, daily, f. 
diésaday. Cf. F. dturne.] = DIURNAL a. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Merch. 7. 551 Parfourmed hath the sonne 
his Ark diurne. 1500-20 ? Dunsar /’ oes (1893) 329 Phebus, 
the radius lamp divrn. 1603 Sir C. Hevpon Jud. Astrol. 
xxi. 432 ‘he Moone by her diurne rapt motion from Hast 
to West commeth to the nine a clocke point in the morning. 

Diurnal (dai,-mal), @. and sd. [ad. L. déurna/- 
zs daily, f. déé@s day. Cf. F. diurnal (admitted by 
the Academy 1694), It. gzorna/e (Vlorio 1598 : 
now only sb.) and see JOURNAL.] 

1. Performed in or occupying one day; daily. 
Chiefly of the motion of the heavenly bodies. 

c 1430 Lypc. Compl. Bl. Kuni. (R.) Bicause that it drew 
to the night And that the sonne his arke diurnall Ypassed 
was. 1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 54 Phebus .. 
was entred his chariot, minding to finishe his diurnall 
Arcke. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. Ded. (1721) 179 The 
Diurnal Motion of the Sun. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 804 The 
joyous sun His twelfth diurnal race begins to run. 1890 
C.A. Younc Elem. Astron. § 363 No spots are visible from 
which to determine the planet's [Uranus’s] diurnal rotation. 

2. Of or belonging to each day ; performed, hap- 
pening, or recurring every day; daily. Of perio- 
dicals: Published or issued every day. arch. 

1594 BLunpevit Exerc. 1. xxviii. (ed. 7) 77 The diurnall 
excesse of the Moones Motion from the Sun. 1638 Wotton 
Let. to Milton 10 Apr. in Relig. Wotton., Genoa, whence 
the passage into Tuscany is as diurnal as a Gravesend 
Barge. 1711 Appison Sect. No. 101 P 7 The Spectator 
published those little Diurnal Essays atte are still extant. 
1815 W. H. Iretanp Scribbleomania 234 The subject 
having been so recently before the public in all the diurnal 
prints. 18z8 Scott //rt. Midd. ix, Vhe Laird’s diurnal 
visits. 1848 Lowe.t Fadle for Critics Poet. Wks. 1890 III. 
33. They're all from one source, monthly, weekly, diurnal. 

3. Of or belonging to the day as distinguished 
from thenight; day-: opp. to xocturnal. In Zool., 
spec. of animals active only during the day. 

1623 CockEraM, Diurnall, of or belonging to the day. 
1649 Jer. Taytor Gt, Exenp. 11. vii.[viii]. § 4 The houses 
of prayer which the Jewes had .. for their diurnall and 
nocturnal offices. c17§0 (¢’t/e) Complete Modern London 
Spy, or a Real, New and Universal Disclosure of the Secret, 

octurnal and Diurnal Transactions in London and West- 
minster. 1874 Woop Nat, Hst. 287 ‘This .. bird is .. very 
late in returning to rest, later indeed than any of the diurnal 
birds. 1875 Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs’ Bot. 784 The 
expanded position [of leaves or petals] is called that of 
growth or the diurnal position, the opposite one that of 
sleep or the nocturnal position. 

+4. Of or pertaining to the (particular) day (of 
the week). Ods. rare. 

1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 375 The obligation of the day 
which was then the sabbath, died and was buried with him, 
but in a manner by a diurnal transmutation revived again 
at his resurrection. 

5. Lasting for a day only; ephemeral. rare. 

1866 7reas. Bot., Diurnal, enduring but for a day, as the 
flower of Tigridia. 

» SO. 

1. Eccl. A service-book containing the day-hours, 
except matins (this being a night office) ; + hence, 
a book for devotional exercises ; a book of devo- 
tion (ods.). 

[rg12 (¢#¢Ze) Diurnale ad usum Sarum. 1849 Act 3 & 4 
Edw, V1, c. 10 § 1 All Books called. .Cowchers, Journales, 
Ordinales. .shall be. .abolished.] ? @ 1ggo (¢7¢/e) A Dyurnall 
for Deuoute Soules, to ordre themselfe therafter. 1686 
(titZe) The Christian Diurnal of Father Nicholas S. J. 
Revised and much aug d andt lated into English 
by S[ir] T. H{awkins}. 1846 W. Maskett Mon. Rit. Eccd. 
Ang: 1. p. cxxx. (On Service books). 

2. A book for daily use, a day-book, diary; esp, 
a record of daily occurrences, a journal. arch. 

1600 Hakzuyr_Voy. (1810) III. 301 The diurnall of our 
course, sayling thither and returning. 1660 F. Brooke tr. 
Le Blanc's Trav. 320, 1 ever carried with me a little 


DIV. 


memorial or diurnall, where I set down all the curiosities 
I met with. 1824 Scorr Nedgauntlet Let. x, Let me pro- 
ceed in my diurnal, 

8. A newspaper published daily; also Jvosely, 
any newspaper published at short periodical in- 
tervals; a journal. Ods. exc. //7st. 

1640 St. Trials, Abp, Laud (R.), 1 found myself aggrieved 
at the Diurnal, and another pamphlet of the week, wherein 
they print whatsoever is charged against me, as if it were 
fully proved. 1646 Mra. Wore. in Dircks Lif ix. (1865) 
147, I .. perused all the diurnals for more than a quarter of 
a year. 1710 STEELE Jatler No. 204 P 4 We Writers of 
Diurnals are nearer in our Styles to that of common ‘lalk 
than any other Writers. [The Zat/ex was published three 
times a week.] 1823 Scorr Pever// xxvii, It was in every 
coffee-house, and in half the diurnals. 

attrib, 1644 Mercimius Brit, 4-11 Jan., A Diurnall maker, 
a paper-intelligencer. 1654 CLEVELAND (¢7tle) A Character 
of a Diurnal-Maker. 

4. A diurnal bird, butterfly, or moth. 

In recent Dicts. 

llence Diurnalness, diurnal quality. 

1727 Baiey vol. 11, Dinenaluess, the happening daily. 

Diuw‘rnalist. Os. or arch. [f. prec. sb. + -187.] 
A writer of a diurnal ; a journalist. 

1649 Br. Hatt. Cases Consc. ww. ix. (1650) 368 By the rela- 
ction of our Diurnalists. 1674 Hickman Quinguart. Hist. 
(ed. 2) 116 The Diurnalists and Intelligencers. 1837 CARLYLE 
Fr, Rev. 11. vi. v. (1872) 238 ‘The Day-historians, Diurnal- 
ists or Journalists as they call themselves, 

+ Diwrnaller. 02s. [f.asprec. +-En!.] = prec. 

1661 R. Bait Lett, & Frnds. (1841) IIL. 468 ‘om Sin- 
cerfe the diurnaller, a profane atheisticall papist. 

Diurnally, adv. [f. Divnxan a. + -1y 2.] 
In a diurnal way; every day; day by day; daily. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 22/1 Administer 
heerof to the Patient, a spoonefull, which dinrnallye he 
may vse. 1664 H. More A/yst. /uig., ipol. 483 The Earth 
is moved annually and diurnally about the Sun. 1709 STre.e 
Vatler No. 56 ® 2 As we make these Enquiries, we shall 
diurnally communicate them to the Publick. 1758 J. S. tr. 
Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 323 Fits of an irregular 
Fever, which returned diurnally. 1869 R. A. Proctor in 
Eng. Mech. 31 Dec. 372/2 Vhe idea that the stars revolve 
diurnally round the polar axis. 

+Diwrnary. Ods. [ad. L. déarndri-us diary- 
keeper, journalist, f. drnus daily, DIURN.] 

1727-51 CHambers Cycl., Diurnary, an officer in the 
Greek empire, who wrote down, in a book for that purpose 
whatever the prince did, ordered, regulated, &c., every day. 

Diurna'tion. [f L. d@urn-us daily, Divurn 
+ -ATION; after Azbernation.] ‘The habit of some 
animals, of sleeping or remaining quiescent during 
the day, as contrasted with their activity at night. 

1836-9 Marsuact Hatt //ibernation in Vodd Cycl. Anat. 
II. 767 The bat, which is a crepuscular or nocturnal feeder, 
regularly passes from its state of activity to one which may 
be designated diurnation, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Diutwrn, @z. Ols. [ad. L. diittern-us of long 
duration, lasting, f. d77, dz7t- long, for a long time. 
Cf. also obs. F. dzvéurne, It., Sp. ddulurno.] = next. 

1s4t R. Copranp Galyen'’s Terap. 2 Eiv b, Vhese viceres 
here all are called Cacoethe, inueterate, and diuturnes. 
1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 11, (1645) 136 Diseases and poysons 
by diuturne use, doe..temper to themselves those bodies, 
which are habituated to them. 

Diuturnal (doi,'zd-mal),a. Nowvare. [ad. 
L. type *d¢iturnal-ts (cf. diiturndliter in Du 
Cange), f. d¢éiturn-us:; see prec. and -aL.] Of 
long duration, lasting. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 109/1 Diuturnalle 
coughinge is almost accountede incurable. 1694 tr. A/Z/ton's 
Lett. State Dec. an. 1657 Those things, by which the Peace 
between us may be preserv’d entire and diuturnal. 1830 
Fraser's Mag. 1. 344 Lift up, O Hell! thy diuturnal gate, 
But not eternal, 

Diuturnity. Now rare. [ad. L. ditturni- 
zat-em long duration, f. atiiturn-us Divtury.] 
Long duration or continuance ;_ lastingness. 

1432-80 tr. Hzgden (Rolls) I. 183 Dredenge to lose multi- 
licacion off childer by diuturnite of batelle. x58 J. 

ALKER in Confer. 1v. (1584) Ddb, It is greater..in diu- 
turnitie, because it neuer dieth, nor hath any ende. 1684 
tr. Bonet’s Merc. Confit. 1x. 339 Being tired by the diu- 
turnity and violence of the pain. 1726 AyLiFFE Parergon 
123 A Fourth. . Proof arises from Length and Diuturnity of 
Time. 1829 Lams Let. to W. Wilson 15 Nov. (1837) II. 
247 I promise myself, if not immortality, yet diuturnity of 
being read. 

|| Div (dzv). Also dive, deev, dev, dew. [Pers. 
9s div, diw, formerly dév:—Zend daéva, = Skr. 
deva god: see Deva.] An evil spirit or demon of 
Persian mythology; a devil; an evil genius. 

‘The Indo-Iranian language had two words expressive of 
divinity: asa and déva. In the separate development 
of the languages, déva became in Sanskrit the general 
name for gods, while the Asuras became the enemies of the 
gods. In the Zend-Avesta, on the other hand, AAwra, i. e. 
Asura (originally ‘ Lord’ in Indo-Iranian) came to mean 
the supreme God Ahura Mazda, while daéva (Persian 
dév or div) became the general name of an evil spirit, 
a fiend, demon, or devil, for which there had originally been 
no generic name. 

1777 J. Ricnarpson Dissert. East. Nations 142 The 
Dives are pictured as hideous-in form and malignant in 
mind. 1843 J. Witson Pdrsi Relig. 150 Ahriman, this 
chief of death, this chief of the Dews. 1855 SmrpLEy 
Occult Sciences 50 The div of ancient Persia .. is supposed 
to be the same as the European devil of the middle ages. 
1878 Hau Relig. of Parsis ted. 2)268. 1883 E. O’Donovan 
Story of Merv xviii, Ghouls and divs, and various. other 

69 


DIVA. 


kinds of evil spirits. Max Miter Theosophy vi. 181. 
1895 J. Darmesteter Zend-A vesta (ed. 2) Introd. 51 Daéva 
is generally understood as a ‘demon’, and that is the mean- 
ing it has in the derived dév and in most of the Zend texts 
generally. .but it must also have applied to false gods, 

Div, Sc. and north. dial. f. Do z., in pres. indic. 

|| Diva (diva). [It. diva goddess, lady-love, 
‘fine lady’ :—L. diva goddess, female divinity, fem. 
of divus divine, god, deity.) A distinguished 
female singer, a prima donna. : 

1883 Brack in Harfer’s Mag. Feb. 465/2 The latest diva 
of the drama, 1894 7ad/et 7 Apr. 531 Operatic singers of 
the other sex are to be engaged, but no diva. 

Divagate (dai-vage't), v.  [f. L. divagar-, ppl. 
stem of divagar7 to wander about, f. Di-1, Dis- 1 
+ vagiri to wander.) zutr. To wander about; to 
stray from one place or subject to another. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 203/1 [A _pre- 
scription] agaynste divagatinge payne. 1852 /aser's Mag. 
XLV. 171 Sir James had divagated into the question of 
Eternal Punishment. 1 Stevenson Across the Plains 
vi. 200 So does a child’s balloon divagate upon the currents 
of the air. 

Divagation (deivigé-fon). [n. of action f. L. 
divagari: see prec. and -tT1I0N: cf. F. dévagation 
(16-17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action of diva- 
gating; a wandering or straying away or about: 
deviation ; digression. 

1560 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. ix. (1621) 59 This skipping 
and divagation from place to place of Scripture. 
H. More A/yst. J7g. 1.1. xi. 272 That the phancy may make 
no divagation. 1855 ss. /utuit. Mor. 149 ‘The illogical 
divagations of their adherents. 1881 Sat. Rev. 1 Jan. 13 
Her divagations from the proper purpose of her life will be 
forgotten. 1883 STEVENSON Si/verado Sy. ii. 73 With that 
vile lad to head them off on idle divagations. 

+ Divarge, v. Obs. rare—°. = DIVAGATE. 

1623 Cockeram, Diuage, to wander from place to place. 

Diva‘guely, adv. nonce-wid. [f. vaguely, under 
the influence of divagate.} In a wandering or 
aimless manner. 

1857 Reape Course True Love iii. 67 They drifted di- 
vaguely over the great pacific ocean of feminine logic. 

+ Di-val, a. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. dival-7s divine, 
f. divus deity.] 

1656 Biount G/., Dival, divine, belonging to the Gods. 

Divalent (doai-valént, di-v-), @ Chem. [f. Di-? 
twice + L. valént-em, pr. pple. of valére to be 
worth.] Combining with two atoms of hydrogen 
or other univalent element or radical ; having two 
combining equivalents ; also divalent. 

A diatomic element, e.g. OxyGEN, is divalent; so is the 
highly complex molecule CsH19=(CH3)2-C(CH2)2, which 
has two combining powers unsaturated. 

1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 183 Calcium, Strontium, Barium. 
The metals of this class are divalent. 1870 F. Hurter in 
Eng. Mech. 11 Feb. 524/2 Oxygen is called divalent, or 
bivalent, because it can hold two atoms of a monogenous 
element. 1881 Academy 15 Jan. 47/1 In like manner the 
term ‘divalent’ may be given to such atoms as are equal in 
combining power to two atoms of hydrogen. 

van (dive'n). Also 6 douan, 7 dyvan, di- 
vano, 7-8 duan‘a, 7-9diwan, 9dewan, deewan. 
[A word originally Persian, wipe devin, now 


diwan, in Arabic pronounced diwan, diwan ; in 
‘Turkish dvdn, whence in many European langs., 
It. divano, Sp., Pg., F. divan. Originally, in early 
use, a brochure, or fascicle of written leaves or 
sheets, hence a collection of poems, also a muster- 
roll or register (of soldiers, persons, accounts, taxes, 
etc.) ; a military pay-book, an account-book; an 
office of accounts, a custom-house; a tribunal of 
revenue or of justice ; a coyrt; a council of state, 
senate; a council-chamber, a (cushioned) bench. 
The East Indian form and use of the word is given 
under Dewan. Another European form, older 
than divan, and app. directly from Arabic, is It. 
dovana, doana, now dogana, ¥. douane (in 15th c. 
douwaine), custom-house: see DouaNe.] 

1. An Oriental council of state ; sfec. in Turkey, 
the privy council of the Porte, presided over by 
the Sultan, or in his absence by the grand vizier. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 679 In Turkie the 
councell is kept fower daies in a week by the bassaes where- 
soever the prince sojourneth. . In this councell called diuan.. 
audience is open to euery one, 1 Hakcouyr Voy. II. i. 
305 Requesting the ambassador within an houre after to goe 
to the Douan of the Vizir. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks 
(1638) 252 Mahomet being dead, the three great Bassa’s 
- called a Divano or counsel for the wars, as if the King had 
bin aliue. 1625 Purcuas Pilgrims 1x. xii. § 6 He comes no 
more at the Duana, except hee bee called. 1687 Lond. Gas. 
No. 2230/1 Proposals have been made for these two Months 
last past in the Divan, 1753 Hanway 7'rav. (1762) II. 1x. 
ii, 216 The divan declared for the continuation of the 
181 ee a Abydos a In i Spon the despot 

. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 366/2 Upon its conquest 
by the Terk, Tunis was governed by a Turkish basha 
and a divan, or council of military men. 1850 W. Irvine 
Mahomet ii. Wii. 487 The Moslem Caliph at Damascus 
had now his divan, in imitation of the Persian monarch. 

b. ¢ransf. A council in general. 

1619 Purcitas Microcosm. \xxviii. 770 This (what Diuano 
would haue dohe it?) is too weightie. 1667 Mitton /. L. 
x. 457 The great consulting Peers, Rais’d from their dark 
Divan. 172§ Pore Odyss. 1v. 903 The consult of the dire 


546 


Divan. 1763 H. Watrote Le?f. (1857) IV. 130 (Stanf.) Of 
the British Senate, of, that august divan whose wisdom in- 
fluences, [etc.]. 1818 Scorr Rod Roy xii, To meet the family 
--in full divan. a 1849 J.C. Mancan Poems (1859) 324 The 
changeless decree of Heaven’s Deewan, = 

2. ‘The hall where the Turkish divan is held; a 
court of justice ; a council-chamber. 

1597 R. Wrac in Hakluyt Voy. (1598) II. 1. 305 Certaine 
Chauses conducted him to the Douan, which is the seat of 
Justice. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 157 The rigour of the 
Caddies or Causae in the Divanoes, or Judgement Hals. 
1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. 46 Under this Gate is 
the Diwan, or the place of publick Judicature. 1717 Lavy 
M. W. Monrtacu Poems, Chiosk of Brit. Palace, Pera,’Vill 
at the dread Divan the slow procession ends. c 1850 Arad. 
Nets. (Rtldg.) 548 The officers of state went into the divan, or 
hall of audience, where the sultan always assisted in person. 

3. A long seat consisting of a continued step, 
bench, or raised part of the floor, against the wall 
of a room, which may be furnished with cushions, 
so as to form a kind of sofa or couch. 

1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant ix. 32 Their greatest 
Magnificence consists in their Divans or Sofas. 1703 Maun- 
DRELL Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 29 These Duans..are a sort of 
low stages..elevated about sixteen or eighteen inches or 
more above the floor, whereon the Turks eat, sleep, smoke, 
receive visits, say their prayers, etc. 1764 Harmer Odserv’. 
XIX. vi. 265 The Hebrew word mittah, which is here trans- 
lated ‘bed’ may be understood of a divan. 1813 Edin. 
Rev. XXI. 133 The divan is that part of the chamber which 
is raised by a step above the rest of the floor, and which, is 
commonly surmounted by a couch..placed along the wall. 
1863 Mary Howitt /. Bremer’s Greece 11. xiv. 103 The 
Aga conducted me to the divan where he himself sat. 

4. A room having one side entirely open towards 
a court, garden, river, or other prospect. 

1678 J. Puiciips tr. Zavernicr’s Voy. (1684) II. 49 The 
Palace at Agra. On the side that looks towards the River: 
there is a Divan, or a kind of out-jutting Balcone, where 
the King sits to see his Brigantines. 1759 Lond. Mag. 
XXVIII. 605 In Surat.. They [the Moors] have generally 
a kind of saloon which they call a d/zvan, entirely open on 
one side to the garden. 1841 Evrninstone ///st. /ud. 1. 307 
The great rooms of state are upstairs. .open at one side like 
Mahometan divans. 

5. A name sometimes given to a smoking-room 
furnished with lounges, in connexion with a cigar- 
shop or bar, as cigay-dzvan ; hence, a fancy name 
for a cigar-shop. 

1848 Dickens Domiey xxii, Mr. Toots had furnished 
a choice set of apartments: had establishal among them 
a sporting bower; and adivan which made him poorly, 1855 
Trottore Warden xvi, Mr. Harding had not a much cor- 
recter notion of a cigar divan than he had of a London dinner- 
house. 1880 Diskacit /ndyn. xx, Mr. Trenchard..said to 
Endymion, ‘ We are going to the divan. Do you smoke?’ 

|| 6. A Persian name for a collection of poems 
‘Persian, Arabic, Hindustani, Turkish); spec. a 
serics of poems by one author, the rimes of which 
usually run through the whole alphabet. [From 
the original sense ‘collection of written sheets’, 
perh. influenced by later uses of the word.] 

1823 tr. Sismondi's Lit. Eur. (1846) 1. ii. 61 A perfect 
divan, in theireyes, was that in which the poet had regularly 
pursued in his aces all the letters of the alphabet. a 
J. M. Goop in Spurgeon 7reas. Dav, (1882) VI. 6 Persian 
poets..distinguish their separate poems .. by the name of 
gazels, and the entire set..by that of diwan. 1837 Penny 
Cycl. 1X. 42/1. 187: maser Brit. V11. 292/2 The most im- 
portant diwans are 4 Sy of.. Hafiz, Saadi, and Jami among 
the Persians, The plan has been imitated by Goethe in his 
‘West-dstlicher Divan’. 1886 Athenwum 18 Dec. 820/1 
Complete Divans of the great poetical triumvirate, Solomon 
ibn Gabirol, Moses ibn Ezra, and Jehuda Halevi. 

7. Comb., as divan-day, -hall. 

J. Puiurs tr. Zavernier's Grd. Seignior's Serag. 
(1684) 24 (Stanf.) The Divan-days er is to say, upon 
Council-days). /bid. 27 The Divan-Hall. 

Hence Diva‘ned a., furnished withdivans (sense 3). 

1847 Disrartt Zancred v. ii, Some strolled into the 
divaned chambers. 1852 G. W. Curtis Wanderer in Syria 
300 Alcoves..divanned with luxurious stuffs. 

Divanship: see Dewan. 

+Divapora‘tion. és. [f. Dr-1, Dis- 1 + 
Vaporation.] ‘The driving out of vapours by heat; 
evaporation. 


3612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Divaporation , 


is exhalation by fire of vapour, remaining in liquid sub- 


stances, till all aquosity be consumed. 1706 in Pritiirs 
(ed. Kersey). 1-1 in Baitey. 183 in Crass 
Technol, Dict, Howe in mod, Dicts, 

So Diva:poriza‘tion. 


In recent Dicts. , 

Divaricate (di-, daiveerike't), v. [f. L. divar?- 
cat-, ppl. stem of divaricadre to stretch asunder, f. 
Dr-!, Dis- 1 + varicdre to stretch (the legs) asunder, 
straddle, f. vartc-us straddling. ] 

1. intr. To stretch or spread apart ; to branch off 
or diverge from each other or from any middle line. 

1623 Cockeram, Dinaricate, to step, to stride wide. 
Hosses Six Less. Wks. 1845 VIL. 195 Two lines ma 
made to divaricate..when having one end common im- 
moveable, they depart one from another at the other ends 
circularly, and this is called simply an angle. 1671 Grew 
Anat, Plants 1. iv. (1682) bags its Parts, upon their shoot - 
ing forth, divaricate from t wed eager gong 1740 Dycue 
oS — grigghonoe 2 i idle iar ya ~ = 

w-legged do. x x Jounson L. P. en s. IL, 
387 Walle they [soguages] run ow topethor, She Closest 
t lation may be i d as the best; but when they 
divaricate, each must take its natural course, James 
Darnley (1846) 4 At the spot where these two [roads] 


DIVARICATION. 


divaricated, the h pped. 1884 19¢k Cent. Feb. 
333 The different races of plants and animals have come to 
divaricate from each other. 


‘b. Bot. and Zool. To branch off at a wide angle; 


_ to diverge widely from the main stem: see DIvaRI- 


CATING Pi. a. 
ce. To ramify into div t branches. 

1672 Newton in Phil. Trans. VII. 5097 1 ly re- 
fracted and made to divaricate into a multi of other 
colours. a1728 Woopwarv Nat. Hist. Fossils go The 
titions are striated across. .one of them also divaricates into 
two, and another into several small ones. C. Butier 
Roman-Cath. Ch. 120 Here they divaricate into the Trans- 
alpine and Cisalpine opinions. 

. ¢vans. To stretch or open wide apart or asun- 
der (as the legs, fingers, limbs of a compass, etc.). 
agg Ot arvett Reh. Transp. 1. 160 The incorrigible 
scold, that..streatched up her hands with her two thumb 
nails in the oe a or with two fingers divari- 
cated, to call the man still in that language lousy rascal and 
Cuckold. /éid. u. Wks. 11. 362, 1 took my compasses, and 
divaricating them for experiment, I drew the circular line. 
1861 Huime tr. Moguin- Tandon u. vu. i. Fs Three small 
tubercles .. capable of being alternately divaricated and 
approximated. : E 

3. To cause to spread or branch out in different 
directions. ? Ods. 

1670 Phil. Trans. V. 2061 A Congeries or Heap of in- 
numerable Filaments, divaricated out of the Solider sub- 
stance of the Brain. 1 Evetyn Sylva (ed. 3) viii. Pt 
Putting a tile-shard under the nuts, when first set, to 
Divaricate and spread the roots. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 
& P. 386 Its Course was not broken, but divaricated into 
two Streams, 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. u, App. Wks. 
1811 II. 259 Refracted and divaricated, in passing through 
the medium of the human mind. oes 7 

4. fig. To separate mentally, distinguish (one 
thing from another). rare. 

1868 E. Eowarps Raleigh I. xxviii. 714 [He] had too 
much intellect..not to be able to divaricate populace from 
people quite as sharply as did Ralegh. 

Diva‘ricate,a. [ad. L. divaricat-us, pa. pple. 
of divaricare to Divaricate.] Spreading apart at 
a considerable angle ; widely divergent ; spec. ap- 
plied (in Bot. and Zool.) to branches which diverge 
from the stem, etc. almost at nee angles ; and (in 
Entom.) to wings which spread apart at the tips 
when in repose. . 

1788 Jas. Lee /utrod. Bot., Explan. Terms (ed. 4) 382 
Divaricati, divaricate, Branches shooting from the Trunk, 
so as to form an obtuse angle. Crass Technol. Dict., 


Divaricatus ( Bot.) divaricate. . ing out wide, an epithet 
for branches, a panicle, petiole, and peduncle. LinpLey 
Nat. Syst. Bot.173 Cotyledons divaricate. 1856-8 W. CLark 


Van der Hoeven's Zool. 1. 311 Wings divaricate, sometimes 
very short. 

d. Divergent in opinion or practice. rare. 

1855 Baitey A/ystic 57 The universe Contentiously divari- 
cate, he shews Made one in spirit with eternity, 

Hence Diva‘ricately adv., in a divaricate or 
wide-branched manner. 

1846 Dana Zooph. Divaricately ramose. 1 Woop- 
waro Mollusca 295 Se trigonal, divaricately po Ma 

Diva‘ricated, //. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED.] 
Widely divergent from cach other or from a stem ; 
widely or gréatly branched ; divaricate. 

1665-6 PAil. Trans. 1. 301 Its Tail being. .divaricated 
towards the End. Phil. Trans. L. 68 ‘The stalk.. 
is much divaricated ed. 1837 Howirr Aur. Life 
Vi. vi. Gree) 463 Mistletoe .. the beauty of its divaricated 
branches of pale-green. 1864 Huxtey in Aeader 5 Mar. 
‘The great toe is widely divaricated from the others, 1875 
Wuitnry Life Lang. ix. 174 The ey ts in question 
are the divaricated representatives of a single tongue, 

Diva‘ricating ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG *.] 
That divaricates or branches off in different direc- 
tions; spreading out, diverging. 

1835 Linptey /ntrod. Bot. Nog gles 154 More gry 
named divaricating hairs. 1874 Coves Birds N-W, 14 It 
would seem to have two divaricating lines of mi 

H. O. Forses Nat. Wand. E. Archif. v1, ii, 431 High 
trees whose trunk was divided into four divaricating arms. 

Hence Diva‘ricatingly adv. 

1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 374 Stem dichotomously and 
divaricatingly branched. 

‘tion. [n. of action f. DivaricaTE 
v. (or its L, original) : see -aT10N,] 

1. The action of stretching apart ; the stretching 
of the legs, straddling. 

Futver Pisgah v. xix. 178 So that the Priests, not 
striding, but pacing up thereon, were not necessitated to 
any divarication of their feet. 1709-29 V. Manpry Syst. 
papain — 3139. Ken ep ped of noe » le, is Pedy 4 
or lesser Divarication of the Legs. ‘opp Cycl, Anat. 
1. srl A Ries: ee can..cause a divarication of the 


t ¥ 

4. The ads of separating or branching out in 
different directions, spreading. out, diverpaee: 

1578 Banister //ist. Man v. bterag ws! Bb ag 
distribution, and divarication ought to fa 
Grew Anat. Plants 1. vii. (1682) 49 [Branches] by 
co-arcture and divarication where Lo Me 


1837 Locxnart Scott Dec. an. 1 divari- 

Rn ate Tooet De Bary's Phaner. agp, The divert 
's y 

pS of their branehes in the Wine leaf, 


3. concr. a. The point at which branching takes 
place. b. “hat which divaricates from a centre ; 
a divaricating nerve or vein; a ramification. 

1664 Power Ex, Philos, 1.65 They may be transmitted 


DIVARICATOR. 


to the Brain, and its divarications. 1691 Ray Creation 
(2714) 55 Dogs..running before their Masters will stop at 
a Divarication of the way. 1794 J. E. Smiru Eng. Bot. 
IIT. 205 Flowers mostly at the divarications of the branches. # 

4. transf. Divergence of opinion; disagreement ; 
divergence froni a fixed standard of opinion, etc. 

1646 Sir TI. Browne Pseud. Ef. vt. xi. 331 To take away 
all doubt or any probable divarication, the curse is plainel 
specified in the Text. 165x Biccs New Disp. » 185 Whic 
is drawn from the divarications of the cubit. 1856 Ferrier 
Inst, Metaph. 1. xiv. 91 The divarication of the two systems 
—our popular ps ~ sd on the one hand..and our strict 
metaphysics on the other hand. 1865 J. H. Stirtinc Secr. 
Hegel 1. 152 How reconcile ourselves to the discrepancy 
and divarication ? : 

Diva‘ricator. [agent-noun in L. form from | 
Drvaricatev.] That which divaricates ; a muscle 
which draws parts asunder, as the muscle which 
opens the shells of Brachiopods. Also aé¢rzd. 

1870 Rotteston Anim. Lie 234 Divaricator muscle, 
passing from hinge process in the dorsal valve into the 
peduncle. 18.. Huxtey(Cent.), Divaricators of the wall of 
the sac, 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim, Life 693 In the 
hinged Brachiopoda ..the dorsal valve is furnished with 
a projecting cardinal process to which are attached the di- 
varicator muscles, | 

+ Divast, a. Obs. rare—. [incorrect form for 
devast: cf. L. dévast-us ‘frightfully large’, and 
Devast v.] Devastated, laid waste. 

1 T. Harvey Owen's Efigrams 89 Time will come 
when th’ earth shall lie divast. 

Dive (daiv),v. Forms: a.1 dufan, 2 duven; 
B. 1d¥fan, 2-3 duve(n (7), 3 diven, 3-6 (9 dial.) 
deve, deeve (6 deave), 4-6 dy(e)ve, 7-9 dieve, 
6- dive. Pa.t. a. 1 déaf, 2-3 dewf, 3 def, 9 
U.S. and Eng. dial. dove ; B. 1 d¥fde, 3 defde, 7— 
div’d, 6- dived. [OE. had two verbs: (1) the 
primary strong vb. diifan, pa-t. déaf, pl. dufon, 
pa. pple. dofen, intr. to duck, dive, sink ; (2) the de- 
rivative causal weak vb. dy/fan, dy file, zedyfd to dip, 
submerge. Already in 12th c. these had begun to 
be confounded, the primary diven (pa. t. dew, déf, 
pa. pple. dover) being used also trans., and the 
causal dyven intrans., so that the two became 
synonyms, and before 1300 the strong vb. became 
obs., dpven (s.w. diiven, s.e. déven, midl. and north | 
diven) remaining, chiefly in the intrans. sense of the 
OE. strong vb. Of the compound dedzve, the pa. 
pple. Bepoven came down to 16th c. in Sc. Only 
traces of this verb are found in the cognate langs. : | 
ON. had dyfa to dip (also in same sense deyfa); | 
MDnu. had dediven, pa. pple. dedoven, mod.Du. be- | 
duiven=OE. bedtifan. These belong to an OTeut. | 

} 
| 
| 


ablaut series deub-, daud-, dub-, secondary form 
of deup-, daup-, dup-, to dip, submerge:—pre-Teut. 
stems (weak-grade) dhup-, dhib-, respectively. 

The s.e. deven gave the later deeve, deave, dieve; the 
modern dial. pa. t. dove is app. a new formation after | 
drive, drove, or weave, wove.) | 

I. intr. 1, To descend or plunge into or under | 
water or other liquid. (Usually, unless otherwise | 
stated, to plunge head-foremost. ) 

ax000 Riddles \xxiii. 4 (Gr.) Ic..deaf under yde. c1220 
Bestiary 539 Sone he [the whale] diued dun to grunde, He 
dreped ‘hem alle wid-uten wunde. 1377 Laci. P. PLB. 
xu. 163 Pat one hath connynge..and can swymmen and | 
dyuen. ?a1400 Balade in Fyll of Breyntford, &c.(1871) 35 | 
To dompe als deepe as man may dyeve bus holde I bett ban | 
labour as a Reve. c¢ 1440 Promp. Parv.124/1 Dyvyn vnder 
be weter, sudnato. 1555 EpeN Decades 95 They durste 
not aduenture to dyue to the bottome. 1567 Mapiet Gr. 
Forest 102 Those birds that deeuing downe to the waters to 
ketch fish, drowne themselues. 1660 BoyLe New. Exp. P/ys. 
Mech, Digress. 375 ‘Whose that dive for Pearles in the West 
Indies. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 69 [The cormo- 
rant] from a vast height drops down to dive after its prey. 
1834 McMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 71 These animals 
--close their nostrils when they dive by a kind of valve. 
1867 Hayes Ofen Polar Sea xxxvi, The whole herd. .dove 
down with a tremendous splash. 5 

b. ¢ransf. To descend with similar motion into 

the earth, an abyss, etc. 
_ a@xa25 St, Marher. 17 Ah flih sorhfule thing ut of min 
ehsihde, ant def thider [into hell]. 1610 SHaxs. Temp. 
1. ii, 191, I come To answer thy best pleasure; be’t..to diue 
into the fire. 1615 CuapMAN Odyss. x. 245, The reason, 
how the man-enlightning sunne Diues vnder earth. 1725 
Pore Odyss. xxi. 104 e fierce soul to darkness dived 
and hell. 1882 NV. Y. Herald 14 Mar. 4/5 Women dove head- 
long from the crosstrees into friendly and convenient nets. 

+2. Of things: To sink deeply into water or 
the like; to penetrate into any body, Ods. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 6505 pet sweord in deaf. a1225 ¥uliana 
29 Euch dunt defde in hire leofliche lich. /did. 76 & wid 
pat ilke beide & def duuelinge dun to per eo @ 1225 
Aner, R, 282 A bleddre ibollen ful of winde ne duued nout 
into eos deope wateres. 1567 Maptet Gr. Forest 111 The 
Spider. .of the water. This laste is of such nimblenesse that 
running vpon the water neuer drowneth nor deaueth. 1 
Suaxs. Yohn v. ii. 139 To diue like Buckets in concealed 
welles. 1607 — Timon 1v.i. 2 O thou Wall..diue in the 
earth, And fence not Athens. af 

3. To penetrate with the hand zv/o any recess; 
to plunge the hand zy/o water, etc., or zzo a vessel, 
=. for thé purpose of taking something out. b. 
slang. To pick pockets. 

a1joo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dive, to pick a Pocket. 
1714 Gay Trivia u. 89 She'll lead thee with delusivé 


547 


Smiles along, Dive in thy fob, and drop thee in the throng. 
1821 Lams Zéia Ser. 1. Old Bencher's 1. 7., He took snuff 


. diving for it under the mighty flaps of his old-fashioned ~ 


waistcoat pocket. 1889 Jrssorp Coming of Friars ii. 5+, 
I at once dived into one of the boxes, and then spent half 
the night in examining some of its treasures. 

+e. spec. To plunge a fork into a large pot con- 
taining portions of meat, having paid for the privi- 
lege of taking whatever the fork brings up. Ods. 

1748 SMotietr Lod. Rand. xiii, Diving, practised by those 
who are..inclined to live frugally.. Many creditable people 
..dive every day. : 

4. fig. To enter deeply or plunge zo (a matter) ; 
to penetrate. 

1583 Stanynurst -Zxve7s ii. (Arb.) 44 But Capys and 
oothers diuing more deepelye to bottom..Dyd wish thee 
woodden monster weare drowned. 1593 Suaks. Rich. //, 1. 
iv. 25 He did seeme to diue into their hearts With humble 
and familiar courtesie. 1630 PryNne Axnti-Armin, 10 Into 
the grounds and causes of which euery meane capacity may 
diue. 1754 Snertock Disc. (1759) I. iii. 136 The vain 
Attempts of Men to dive into..the Mysteries of God. 1845 
M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 23 The king. .had been diving 
into the collection of the canons. 

5. To dart suddenly down or into some place or 
passage; to dart out of sight, disappear. 

1844 Dickens: Mart. Chuz. viii, Mr. Pecksniff.. dived 
across the street. 1873 Burton //ist. Scot. VI. Ixxi. 
The Highlanders..had dived into their mountain recesses. 
1891 N. Goutp Double Event 27 He dived into the nearest 
restaurant, 1893 C. Kine Foes 7n Ambush 8 He..dove out 
of sight. 1893 Q. [Coucn] Delectable Duchy 19 Where 
a straight pathway dived between hazel-bushes and appeared 
again twenty feet above. 

II. trans. [In early use OF. dyfan; from 16th 
c. a new construction]. 

6. To dip, submerge, or plunge (a person or 
thing) 272, or zo a liquid, or the like. arch. 

cgoo tr. Beda’s Hist. v. xiii. [xii]. (1891) 436 He hine on 

am streame sencte and dyfde. a1000 Aiddles xxvii. 3 
(Gr.) Mec feonda sum. .dyfde on watre. c1200 Trin. Coll. 
Hom. 43 Louerd ‘ne paue pu pat storm me duue. /é7d. 
Woreldes richeise weched orgel on mannes heorte, and deud 
him on helle . alse storm dod pat ship in pe watere. 1594 
Hooker Eccl, Pol, 1v. xii. $3 ‘To diue an infant either 
thrice or but once in Baptisme. 1605 VersTEGAN Dec. 
Intell, ii. (1628) 45 The Germans vsed to take their new- 
born children and to diue them in riuers. 1662 Sir W. 
Ducpate Hist. Imbanking & Draining (1772) 231 Vhence- 
forth, neither flax or hemp should be dieved in the said 
sewers, 1854 Syp. Dosett alder xxii. 84 Spout thee to 
heaven, and dive thee to the deep ! 

b. To plunge (the hand or anything held) zzfo. 
(A trans. variant of 3.) 

cr Greene Fr. Bacon i. 81 She turned her smocke 
ouer her lilly armes, And diued them into milke to run her 
cheese, 1878 'T. P. Bicc-Witner Pioneer. Brasil 1. 266 
‘The Camaradas dive their own spoons into the bag and 
commence to eat from it all together. 1891 Blackzw. Jag. 
Mar. 314 She had ‘ dieved’ her kettle into the snow instead 
of filling it at the pump. 1893 Q. [Coucu] Delectable Duchy 
42 He dived a hand into his tail pocket. 

te. dransf. and fig. To plunge, cause to sink. 

1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Hist. Fas. IV, Wks. (1711) 78 By 
largesses, banqueting, and other magnificence, diving him- 
selfin debt. 1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. 1.55 The River 
dives it self under ground. 1771 A/use in Min. 14 Nurse 
of nature... Dive me in thy depths profound. E 

7. To penetrate or traverse by diving; to dive 
into or through. Now zare. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. v. 459 She..Turn’d to a cormorant, 
div’d, past sight, the main. c16g0 Drennam Old Age 794 
The Curtii bravely dived the gulf of flame. 1772 Poetry 
in Ann. Reg. 224 She fish’d the brook,—she div'd the 
main. 1813 T. Bussy Lucretius 1. 1015 ‘lo those who 
seldom dive the well of truth. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 
42 He dives the hollow, climbs the steep. 

8. slang. To pick (pockets). 

162 B, Jonson Gifsies Metamorph. Wks. (Rtldg.) 619,2 
Using your nimbles [fingers], In diving the pockets. 

Dive (doiv), sd. [f. Dive v.] 

1. The act of diving ; a darting plunge into or 
through water or the like. /#, and fig. 

‘The Amateur Swimming Association distinguishes between 
adiveandaplunge. he latter is defined as a standing dive 
made head-first from a firm take-off, free from spring. ‘The 
plunger does not add any further impetus, but allows himself 
to progress till all forward motion ceases, when he raises his 
face above water. A dive may be running, from a spring- 
board, and with propulsion added on reaching the water. 

1700 IT’. Brown Amus, Ser. & Com. 126 A Pick-Pocket ; 
who made a Dive into my Pocket. 1804 Miniature No. 19 
?2 Upon taking too profound a dive into the Bathos, 
he was.. unfortunately drowned. 1828 Boy's Own Bk., 
‘ Swimming’ 107 (The Dolphin) This is taking a dive 
from the surface of the water by turning heels upwards 
for that purpose, instead of leaping from a bank or elsewhere. 
1875 Tatmace 7ea-7ad/e iii, 1 first take a dive into the 
index, a second dive into the preface. 1893 Badminton 
Libr., Swimming 107 The usual high dive is a mere dro 
at a down-ward angle. 1893 Eart Dunmore Pamirs 11. 
270 He [the hawk]. . gave a sort of dive underneath him. 

2. transf. A sudden dart into a place or across a 
space, esp. so as to disappear. 

Mod. He made a dive into the nearest shop. 

3. In U.S. An illegal drinking-den, or other dis- 
reputable place of resort, often situated in a cellar, 
basement, or other half-concealed place, into which 
frequenters may ‘ dive’ without observation. Hence 
dive-keeper. f 

1882 Society 11 Nov. 7/2 The proprietor of a New York 
‘dive’, 1883 H. H. Kane in Harfer’s Mag. Nov. 945/1 
Those who frequent the opium-smoking dives. 1886 E. Ww. 


DIVER, 


Giuuiam in N. Amer. Rev. July 33 There are 150 gambling 
dives, the approaches to which are so barricaded as to defy 
police detection. 1887 Boston Yrul. 24 Apr. 2/4 Ordinary 
saloons and unlicensed dives did a rushing trade. 

Dive, variant of Div. 

Di-ve-dap, -dop. O’s. exc. dial. Forms: 1 
dufedoppa, 3 douedoppe(n, 4 dyuedap, deue- 
dep, 6 dyuendop, 9g dal. dive dop, dive an’ dop. 
[OE. dufedoppa, f. diifan to dive, duck + doppa, 
agent-n. f. ablaut stem déop-, déap-, dup- (dop-) to 
dip: cf. dop-entd dipping-duck, coot, dop-fugel 
dipping-fowl, diver ; also the derivative vb. dofpet- 
tan to dip often. The first element appears to 
have been changed to dyve- when the strong form 
of the vb. became obsolete: see Dive. Some 
later forms are due to ‘popular etymology’.] 
=next. 

a1ooo Lamb, Ps. ci{i]. 6 (Bosw.) Gelic zeworden ic eom 
niht-hrafne odde dufedoppan westennes. c 1290 5. /. Leg. 
I, 452/127 He_saiz3h douedoppene fisches cachche, 1382 
Wycuir Lev, xi. 17 An owle, and a deuedep [1388 dippere ; 
Vulg. mergulum.) — Deutsxiv.17 Vuclene (briddis} cete 
3e not, that is,..a dyuedap, a pellican, and a ny3t crowe. 
a1s29 SkeLton Phyllyp Sparowe 450 With the wilde 
mallarde ; ‘he dyuendop to slepe. 1885 Swainson /’707'. 
Names Brit, Birds 216 Divedapper or Divedop (Lincolnsh.) 
. Dive an’ dop (Norfolk). 

Di-ve-dapper. és. exc. dial. Also 6 dive- 
doppel, 6-7 dive-dopper. [The form dive-doppel 
is app. a dim, of divedop, -dap; the for in -dapper, 
-dopper, is assimilated to agent-nouns in -ER] A 
small diving waterfowl ; a dabchick; = DipAprER; 
also applied to other diving water fowls. 

1559 Brecon Display. Popish Mass Prayers, etc. (1844) 
276 Vhen once again kneel ye down, and up again, like 
dive-doppels, and kiss the altar. xrg92 Snaxs. Ven. & Ad. 
86 Vpon this promise did he raise his chin, Like a diuedapper 
peering through a waue. 1605 Drayton J/anu in Aoone 
187 And in a Creeke where waters least did stirre, 
from the rest the nimble Divedopper. 1659 D. Pets /ipr. 
Sea 383 note, The black dive-dappers in the salt-waters. 
1783 Ainsworth's Lat. Dict., A didapper, or dive dapper, 
mergus. 1885 [see Dive-par]. 

b. Applied, ludicrously, to a person. 

1607 MippLeton 7 ith to catch Old One w.v. Wks. (Buller 
II. 340 Behold the little dive dapper of damnation, Gulf the 
usurer, 1654 ‘TRarp Come, /’s, xxix. 3 Yet your dive- 
dappers duck not at this rattle in the air. 

Hence Ditve-dopping f//. a. (w0nce-wd.), diving 
or ducking like a dabchick. 

1615 J. STEPHENS Satyr. Ess., Informer (1857) 193 He is 
worse then an Otter-hound for a dive-dopping Ale-house 
keeper: and hunts him out unreasonably. 

Divel, obs. form of Devin. 

Divelina‘tion. xonce-wad. [f. devil and divina- 
dion.) Divination by aid of the devil. 

1591 Horsey 7'vav. (Hakl. Soc.) 199 ‘To receive and bring 
from them [witches] their divelinacions or oracles. 

+ Dive'll, v. Obs. [ad. L. divell-cre to tear or 
rend asunder, f. dz-, dis-, Dis- 1 + vellére to tear. 
Cf. Divuise.] trans. To tear, rend, or pull asun- 
der. Hence Dive'lling ///. a., divellent. 

1627-47 FrettHam Resolves 1. [ut]. xlvii. 147 How the 
antient society of the body and the soul is divelled. 1646 
Sir_T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ui. xxv. 174 They [eyelids] 
begin to separate, and may be easily divelled or parted 
asunder. 180r Cuenevix in PA72. Trans. XCI. 223 Anew 
order of divelling affinities. ; 

Divellent (di-, doivelént), a [ad. L. divel 
Jent-ent, pr. pple. of diveliéve to DIVELL.]  Draw- 
ing asunder; decomposing, separative. 

1782 Kirwan in Phil. Trans. LXXIIL. 40 In all decom- 
positions we must consider, first, the powers which resist 
any decomposition .. and, secondly, the powers which tend 
to effect a decomposition and anew union. he first I shall 
call guéescent affinities, and the second sort divedlent. 1865, 
Cuenevix in PAil, Trans. XCV. 108 The application of 
two divellent forces. 1850 Dauseny A tom. Th. x. (ed. 2) 351 
Unstable equilibrium .. with the divellent and quiescent 
attractions so nearly balanced, that nothing but the inertia 
of the atoms tends to maintain the existing combination. 

Divellicate (deivelikeit), v. [f. L. d7-, ais-, 
Dis- 1 + ppl. stem of veldicare to pluck, twitch, 
pinch, deriv. of vel/éve to pluck, pull: cf. DivELL.] 
trans. To tear asunder, pull to pieces. Also fig. 

1638 Sir T. Hervert 7vav. (ed. 2) 101 To reduce all 
Majesty (too long divellicated) to the proper station. 1749 
Fiecpinc Jom Yones vu. xiii, The interior membranes 
were so divellicated, that the, os, or bone, very plainly 
appeared. 1752 — Amelia v. vi, My brother told me you 
had used him dishonestly, and had divellicated his character 
behind his back. 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII. 234 Three out 
of the fifteen were divellicated from the parent stem, 

+ Diventilate, v. Obs. rare—°.  [f. L. diven- 
tilare, {. ventilare to fan, winnow, toss in the air.] 
(See quot.) Hence + Diventila'tion. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Diventilate, to fan or winnow, 
--also to turn out of one hand into another. 1658 Puitiirs, 
Diventilation, a winnowing, or tossing to and fro. 

Diver (dai'vo1). [f. Dive v.+-rR!.] 

1. A person who dives under water. sfec. One 
who makes a business of diving in order to collect 
pearl-oysters, to examine sunken vessels, etc. 

1506 Guytrorpe Pylgr. (Camden) 76 The rother..by 
suttell crafte of a dyuer, was set perfaytly in her place the 


~ same nyght. The sayde dyuer dyde all that busynes beynge 
t 


vnderneth the water. 1555 Even Decades 95 They had 
certeyne dyuers or fysshers exercised from t 3 youthe 
69*—2 


DIVER. 


in swymmynge vnder the water. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. 


| 


548 


a point or from each other, as lines, rays of light, 


S. Sea (1847) 227 Eight negroes, expert swimmers, and . 

great deevers, whom the Spaniards call dxsos. 1695 Woov- etc. Pes oF K te of oo a after the teal 

warp Nat, Hist. Earth (1723) 27 Dyvers, and Fi for Rag, COKE pele N TO ter the refrac: 

Pearls. x fT ibr., Swit ing 99 If deep bts iverge and seat aie aoe seg 1, axiom Vi, 

diving be often indulged in ..a curious di » | as b neal Rays... vatlel er wards fee line #0: many 

‘Diver's paralysis’ is likely to be contracted. ee mrad Dats Lad a — ard = ged Comeen Wak a 
b. An animal expert in diving. (Cf. 2.) Ethelred’s house, the centre of six ways, Diverging wach 


1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1.(1711) 90 ‘This Bird is a Diver. 
1735 SoMERVILLE Chase 1. 445 This artful Diver [the Fox] 
best can bear the Want of vital Air. 1847 Carrenter Zood. 
$455 Most of them [Ducks], too, are g' divers. 

e. fig. One who ‘ dives’ into a subject, etc. 

1624 Wotton Archit. A diver into causes, and into the 
mysteries of proportion. 1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 
u. iv. $3 RY Diuers in the deep of providence. 

2. A name given to various water birds remark- 
able for their power of diving. a. spec. The com- 
mon name of the Colymdide, noted for the time 
they remain and the distance they traverse under 
water; species are the Great Northern D., the 
Black-throated D., the Red-throated D., etc. bd. 
The little grebe, dabchick, or dive-dapper and 
other species of grebe. . Various species of 
Anseres: Black Diver, the common scoter, Dun 
Diver, the female and young male merganser. 

¢1sro Barcray Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) F iij, When 
shall the diuer leaue in waters for to be? 1 Hv oer, 
Diuer byrde. 1678 Ray W7ilughby's Ornith. 341 The 
greatest speckled Diver or Loon: Colymbus maxinius 
caudatus, [bbd. 366 Vhe black Diver or Scoter: Anas 
niger minor, 1766 Pennant Zool. (1812) II. 213 The 
Dun Diver, or female [Merganser] is less than the male. 
1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. vi. viii. VI. 98 The first of this 
smaller tribe is the Great Northern Diver. 1 G, Waite 


Selborne u. xiii. (1853) 272 Divers and auks walk as if | 


fettered. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 321 Little Auk, 
or Small Black and White Diver. 1862 AnsteD Channel 
Js. i. ix.(ed. 2) 207 The great northern, the black-throated, 
and the red-throated divers visit us regularly each winter. 

3. A pickpocket; see also quot. 1608. 

1608 Dekker Belman of Lond. Wks. 1884-5 III. 140 The 
Diuer workes his Iugling feates by y* help of a boy, (called 
a Figger) whom hee thrusts in at a casement..this Figger 
deliuers to the Diuer what snappings he findes in the shop 
or chamber. 1611 Mippieton & Dekker Roaring Cirle 
v. i. Wks. (Bullen) IV. 133 A diuer with two fingers, a picke- 
pocket. 1706 E. Warp H/ud. Kediv. 1. 1. 24 So expert 
Divers call aloud, Pray mind your Pockets, to the Crowd. 
1887 Baumann Londismen p. v, Are Smashers and divers 
--Not sold to the beaks By the coppers an’ sneaks? 

4. Something made to plunge under water. 

1799 G. Smitu /aéoratory 1. 22 The water-crackers, or 
divers, are commonly rammed in cases. 1820 Scoressy Acc. 
Arct. Reg. 1, 186 This instrument which I called a marine 
diver..With this..I completed a series of experiments on 
submarine temperature. 

b. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Divers, the larger blocks of burr 
stone used for making river embankments. 

Hence Di-ver-like a. and adv, 

1791 Cowrrr //iad xv1. 906 He, diver-like, from his exalted 
stand Behind the steeds pitch’d headlong. 

+ Diver, v. Ods. [app. related to Daven v., 
and Du. daveren to shake, quake, LG. déveren, 
diveren (Matz.); but the phonology is obscure.] 
intr. ‘To shake, quake. 

a 1225 Leg. Kath. 619 Ha ne schulden nowoer diuerin ne 
dreden, «1225 St. Marher. 16 Speoken i ne dar nawt, ah 
diueri ant darie drupest alre binge. a 1240 Wohunge in Cott. 
Hom, 283 Tu pat al be world fore mihte drede and diuere. 

+Di-verb. O¢s. [f. di- (? D1-2 two, twice) 

+ L, verbum word: cf. L. diverbium ‘the collo- 
quial part of a comedy, the dialogue’, to which, 
however, the Eng. use shows no lane 

A proverb, byword ; a proverbial expression. 

(Often used, and app. introduced by Burton; Richardson 
explains ‘an antithetical proverb or saying, in which the 

rts or members are contrasted or opposed’; but this is 
ardly applicable to all Burton's diverbs.) 

1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. u, ii. 1v.(1676) 178/2 You may 
define ex ungue leonent, as the diverb is, by his thumb alone 
the bigness of Hercules. /did. u. iii. vit. 220/1 Durum & 
durum non faciunt murum, as the diverb is. /ééd. 1. iii. 1. 
ii. 364/1 England is a paradise for women, and hell for 
horses; Italy a paradise of horses, hell for women, as the 
diverbe goes. 1678 Br. Werennatt Office of Preaching 

93 What do we mean by the usual diverb, the Italian 

eligion? 1689 Hick eRrinGiLt Ceremony- Monger Wks. (1716) 
II. 498 Verifying the Proverb, A great Head and little 
Wit; not that the Diverb is always true, but it is often so. 

Diverbal (daivs-bal), a. rare. [f. Di-2 + 
VERBAL; or? f, prec.] Relating to two words. 

1845 New Monthly Mag. XVI. 30 It may. .be asserted of 
this di-verbal allusion, that it is too good to be natural. 

+ Dive'rberate, v. Ods. [f. L. diverberat- ppl. 
stem of diverberdre to strike or cleave asunder, 
f. di-, Dis- 1+ verberare to beat, scourge, whip.] 

trans. To cleave asunder ; to strike through. 

1609 J. Davirs Holy Roode cx\vii, These cries for .. blood 
diuerberate The high resounding Heau’n's convexitie. 1656 
Biounr Glossogr., Diverberate . -to strike, beat or cut. 

Hence Diverbera‘tion, beating. 

1651 Kaleigh's Ghost 311 Praise (which is but an idle 
diverberation or empty sound of ayre). 1658 Puituirs, 
Diverberation, a violent beating. 1684 tr, Bonet's Merc. 
Compit. x. 352 Aquapendent mentions this diverberation. 

Diverge (divs-1dz, dai-), 7. [ad. mod.L. diverg- 
ére, {. di-, Dis- 1 +vergére to bend, turn, incline, 
Verce. Cf. F. diverger, Sp., Pg. divergir.] 

1. intr. To proceed in different directions from 


from each, like equal rays. . 1816 Keatince Trav. (1817) 
II. 232 The mountains here diverge, in a fan-like form. 
1851 RicHarpson Geol. (1855) 148 The anticlinal line is that 
elevated central point from which the strata diverge. I 

b. transf. and fig. To take different courses ; to 
turn off from a track or course ; to differ in opinion 
or character; to deviate from a typical form or 
normal state. 

1856 E. A. Bonn Russia at close 16th C, (Hakl. Soc.) 
Introd. 27 Brought up to the practice of medicine, he 
diverged to the profession of astrol 1856 Dove Logic 
Chr. Faith v. i. § 2. 264 We. may diverge, either into the 
region of morals..or into the region of matter. 1860 Tyn- 
DALL Glac. 1. iii. 31, I diverged from the track. 1867 J. 
Martineau Ess, II. 377 This is the point .. at which Aris- 
totle diverges from Plato. ; 

e. Math. Said of an infinite series the sum of 
which increases indefinitely as the number of terms 
is increased. Opp. to CONVERGE Ic. 

1796 Hutron Math, Dict. 11. 436 When the terms grow 
larger and larger, the Series is called a diverging one, be- 
cause that by collecting the terms continually, the succes- 
sive sums diverge, or go always farther and farther from the 
true value or radix of the Series. 

2. trans. To cause (lines or rays) to branch off 
in different directions ; to make divergent, deflect. 

1748 Phil. Trans. X\.V. 187 The electrified Jet or Stream 
..is diverged into several divergent Rays. 1758 J. Dottonp 
in Phil. Trans. 1. 740 In general the crown glass seems to 
diverge the light rather the least. c 1865 J. Wy-pe in Cire, 
Sc. 1. 260/1 An electric current diverges a magnetic needle. 
1879 H. Gruss in Proc. R. Dudbl. Soc. 184 The makers [of 
stereoscopes] have got so accustomed to diverging their 
eyes, that .. they require little or no divergent power. 

Dive'rgement. [f. prec.+-MEN?T.] The ac- 
tion of diverging ; divergence. 

1766 G. Cannine Anti-Lucretius 1v. 257 Then Epicurus 
had not been constrain’d His lame absurd Divergement to 
have feign’d. 1835 Kirsy //ad. § Just. Anim. 1. App. 359 
It..can fix itself..also by the divergement of its lobes. 
1835 — Power, etc. God (1852) 11. 15 Obliged to retrograde, 
and begin a branch, from the point of its divergement. 

Divergence (divs-idzéns, dai-). [ad. mod.L. 
divergentia (f. divergére) or a. F. divergence (17th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm,): see DIVERGENT and -ENCE.] 

1. The action of diverging ; moving off in different 
directions from the same point (called the point of 
divergence), so that the intervening distance con- 
tinually increases, ‘The opposite of convergence. 

1656 Hoanes Sir Less. 11. Wks. 1845 VII. 252 That 
angle which is generated by the divergence of two straight 
lines. 1657 Watts Corr. of Hobbes ix. 81 Doth it remain 
the same angle, the same quantity of divergence? 171 
Deruam Phys. Theol. w. ii. (Seager) ‘The convergences an 
divergences of the rays. 1870 R. M. Fercuson Electr. 
34 This divergence from the true north. ' 

b. ellipt. for amount or degree of divergence. 

1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iv. § 1. 121 This angular diver- 
gence (i.e. the angular distance of any two successive leaves). 
1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 608 The stamens stand in one or two 
turns with the divergence */2) or 1/34. 

2. transf. and fig. The departure from each other 
of two paths, courses, modes of action, or pro- 
cesses ; continuous departure or deviation from a 
standard or norm. 

1839 Atison //ist. Europe (1849-50) VII. xliv. § 84. 370 
Augereau's divergence had been occasioned by somethin; 
more than the snow-storm., 1858 GLapstone //omer IL. 
140 The natural divergence of the two traditions. 1871 L. 
STEPHEN rhe pif Eur. iy. wi. 232 There was the widest 
divergence of opinion as to our probable fate. 1888 Bryce 
Amer, Comnew, Il. 1. xl. 88 note, An illustration of the 
divergences between countries both highly democratic. | 

3. Math. a. Of aseries: the action of diverging 

(DIVERGE v. 1c), or fact of being divergent. 
In fluid motion, the decrement of density at any 
point. In quaternions, the negative of the scalar 
part of the result of operating with the Hamiltonian 
operator upon a vector function (which serves to 
measure such decrement), 

1858 Topuunter Algebra xl. heading, Convergence and 
Divergence of Series. 

Divergency. [f.as prec.: see -ENcY.] 

1. The quality or state of being divergent; the 
amount or degree of divergence. 

x Berketey 7h. Vision § 6 The apparent distance 
still increasing, as the divergency of the rays decreases. 
€1790 Imison Sch. Art I, 86,1 .. present, it to the balls in 
their diverging state .. if it increase their divergency .. it 
shews their electricity to be..negative. 183: Brewster 
Optics i. § 16.7 The rays will have the same divergency after 
reflexion as they had before it. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. 

1860 Westcorr /utrod, Study Gosp. vii. (ed. 5) 350 General 
agreement will be diversified by ch istic divergenci 
1879 Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. xiii. That divergency 
which, .characterizes the relationship between man and the 
anthropoid ape. 

2. Math.; 
a series). 

1837 Penny Cyci. V1I1. 486/1 Of series of positive terms 


"Divergent character or quality (of 


x 
| or Meerginaty 


! 
| 


DIVERS. 
which diminish without limit, a test of convergency or diver- 


| encdlongs F< agry Aad ven as follows. 1887 Hatt & 
nicut Higher Algebra § 279. 230 Rules by which we 
can test the convergency or divergency of a given series 


without effecting its summation. 

3. = DIVERGENCE 1. 

1787-83 Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Virtual 
Was ¢ ey sic » on a g y pegs Const. 

‘an (1835) I. iii. 156 The point of departure or divergency. 

Divergent (diva-idzént, doi-),a. [ad. mod.L. 
divergent-em, pr. pple. of divergére to DIVERGE : 
ef. F. divergent (17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. Proceeding in different directions from each 
other or from a common point ; departing more - 
widely from each other ; diverging. 

1696 Puiirs, Divergent, a Term in icks, said of the 
which having suffered the Refraction, separate one 
from the other. 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. 1. 590 Lines 
..so combined as to meet at certain given points, with the 
divergent avenues. 1829 Soutney Sir 7. More Ded. x, 
Central plains, Whence rivers flow divergent. 1869 ‘l'yx- 
pat Notes Lect. Light § 92 If these on rays be 
produced backwards, they will intersect behind the mirror. 
1871 Darwin Desc. Man II. xix. 345 The Siamese have 


Focus, Also called 


small noses, with divergent nostrils. 
2. transf. and fig. Following different routes, 
lines of action, or of thought; deviating from each 
other or from a standard or normal course or type. 

1801 W. Dupré Neolog. Fr. Dict. 93 stions divergent 
(or which diverge) from themselves. Soutuey in Q. 
Rev. XLVIII, 240 Thence arise divergent opinions. 
Giapstone Glean. (1879) VI. iii. 144 Were the question 
between historical Christianity and systems opposed to or 
divergent from it. 

3. Of, pertaining to, characterized or produced 
by, divergence. 

(Divergent squint: strabismus in which the axes of the 
eyes diverge.) 

1831 Brewster Oftics iv. 34 The divergent point of 
diverging rays. 1870 T. Hoimes Surg. . 2) TM. 248 
Strabismus may be either convergent or divergent. 1879 
[see Diverce 7, 2]. ; E A 

4. Math. Applied to an infinite series of terms, 
the sum of which becomes indefinitely greater as 
more and more terms are taken. (Opp. to Con- 
VERGENT @. 2.) 

Sometimes used to include oscillatory series, or such as 
oscillate from one value to another, as the series of 1-14 
1-1+1.., the sum of which oscillates between o and 1. 

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 486/1 Series of increasing terms are 
certainly divergent. rag Topuunter Algebra xi. § 557 
An infinite series in which all the terms are of the same 
is divergent if each term is greater than some assigned finite 
quantity however small. 

Divergentiflorous, a. #ot. [f. L. diver- 
yent-em + florus, f. florem flower ; cf. F. divergenti- 
frore.] Having diverging flowers. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Divergently, adv. [f. Divercenr + -Ly 2] 
In a divergent manner; divergingly. 

1812-16 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 485 Pencils of 
rays, which, after their crossing. .proceed divergently. 1840 
Blackw. Mag. XLVI. 778 Variations. .{which) like those 
of the compass, point, not divergently, but with wavering 
trepidations in the same direction. f 
Dive -, combining form abbreviated from 


divergentt- (see above) ; e.g. Divergine’rvious a. 
#ot., having diverging nerves; Divergive-nate a. 
Sot., having diverging veins. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Dive , ppl.a. [f. Diverce v. + -1NG 2.] 

1. Proceeding in different directions from a com- 
mon point, so as to become more and more widely 
separate; turning off from the straight anverret 

P. ed, Kersey), Dr t or Divergii 
ae thes Sage ciel cauieey deuarean aa 
another, 4 inwan Elem, Min, (ed. 2) I. 35 These are 
straight or curved, parallel or diverging, or stellated. 
Wixpnam Diary in Rye Cromer (1889) 75 A diverging 
struck their Capt. Tremlett .. on the fo. 1875 Jowerr 
Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 387 Thus, after wandering in many diver- 
ging paths, we return to common sense. : 
fg. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) -— 
Uterine brothers with this diverging destination, 
Stantey Yew, Ch. (1877) 1. xviii. 350 Two diverging epochs. 
2. Math. ; =DIVERGENT 4. ar 
Hu Math, Dict. U1. Dive: Series, is 
oon eicua aadk commana og or ie the suc- 
cessive sums of its terms Srertints going off always the 
farther, from the sum or value of the Series. 1807 — Course 
Math. 11. 300 The series produced may be a converging 
one, rather than diverging, - HI 

Hence Dive'rgingly adv., in a diverging manner; 
with divergence; divergently. 

Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) I. 159 Fracture, parallel, 
1811 Pinkerton /etrad. 1, 308 Of a diver- 

ingly striated texture. 1828 Chem, in Aun. Reg. 5291 

ys which issue divergingly. 

Divers (dai-vaiz), a. [ME. divers, diverse, a. 
OF. diviers, divers, fem. -erse (11th c. in Littré) 
different, odd, wicked, > =It., + Pe: dtverso 
:~L. divers-us contrary, different, unlike, te, 
orig. ‘turned different ways’, pa. pple. of Ghoertive 
to Divert. The spelling was in ME. indifferentl 
divers and diverse. The stress was inO. 
on the last syllable, but in conformity with ay os 
habits, was at a very early date shifted to the 4 
though, as with other words from French, both 


. DIVERS. 


pronunciations long co-existed, esp. in verse. After 
dé-vers became the established prose form, esp. in 
sense 3, in which the word is always plural, the 
final s came, as in plural nouns, to be pronounced 
as 5, and the word to be identical in pronunciation 
with the plural of diver.] 

+1. Different or not alike in character or quality ; 
not of the same kind. Oés. in this form since 
¢1700, and now expressed by Diverse a. 1, Ods. 

exzgso Kent. Serm. in O. E, Misc. 33 So as we habeb 
i-seid of diuers wordles ..so we mowe sigge of po elde of 
eueriche men. @1300 Cursor MM. 11054 (Cott.) Bot pat 
mensking pam bi-tuin, Was sum-quat diuers, als i wene. 
¢ 1384 Cuaucer //, Fame 1. 484 Bid him bring his clarioun 
That is ful dyvers of his soun. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 
32 Also pese woundis han dyuers [4/7S. B. dyverse] cause. 
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 58 Dyvers men dyvers in 
lyvynge these be. 1568 Biste (Bishops’) Prov. xx. 23 
Diuers weightes are an abomination vnto the Lord. 1625 
(title) Free Schoole of Warre, or a Treatise whether it be 
lawful to beare Arms for the Service of a Prince that is of 
divers Religion. 169x Ray Creation 1. (1704) 67 The divers 
Figures of the minute Particles. 

+b. Const. from: Different (in kind, etc.) from. 
.€1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. pr. x. 71 (Camb. MS.) But that 
it ap “ol from hym by wenynge resoun. ¢ 1400 Lav/ranc’s 
Cirurg. 119 Brekynge-of boonys in pe heed is dyuers in 
perels fro brekinge of obere boonys. 1568 Biste (Bishops’) 
Lsther iii. 8 Their lawes are diuers from al people. 1611 
Biste Estheri.7 The vessels being diuers one from another. 
By Owen Mind of God viii. 247 Openly divers from that 
exhibited therein. : 

+ 2. Differing from or opposed to what is right, 
good, or profitable; perverse, evil, cruel ; adverse, 
unfavourable. [Cf. OF. divers.] Obs. 

1340 Ayenb. 68 Wypstondynge is a zenne bet comb of be 
herte pet is rebel and hard and rebours and dyuers. @1450 
Kut, de la Tour (1868) 88 An euelle quene and diuers and 
to cruelle .. Gesabelle. 1523 Lp. Berners /7vo/ss. I. iv. 3 
Ryght wyld and diuers of condicions. 1581 Satir. Poems 
Reforms xliv. 156 Diuers in maners, vnhappy, fals, forlorne. 
(1613 Suaxs. Hen, V//TJ, vy, iii. 18 New opinions, Diuers, 
and dangerous, which are Heresies.] 

3. Various, sundry, several ; more than one, some 
number of. Referring originally and in form to 
the variety-of objects ; but, as variety implies num- 
ber, becoming an indefinite numeral word expressing 
multiplicity, without committing the speaker to 
‘many’ or ‘few’. Now somewhat archaic, but 
well known in legal and scriptural phraseology. 

a. with the notion of varzety the more promi- 
nent ; Different, various. b. with that of zrdefinite 
number more prominent: Several, sundry. (In 
many cases both notions are equally present, and 
the word might be rendered ‘several different’. 
Cf. the sense-history of several, sundry, various, 
all of which have come to be vague numerals.) 

@. 1297 [see Diverse a. 5a]. 1340 HAMPOLE Pr. Consc. 3144 
Alle pe fire pat es fakine Es bot a maner of fyre..And 
noght divers fires, les and mare. 1382 Wyciir Mark i. 34 
He helide many that weren trauelide with dyuers [wotxiAacs] 
soris. ¢1440 /pomydon 86 Of dukis, erlis and barons, Man 
there come frome dyvers townes. 1557 N. ‘I’. (Genev.) Hed. 
i. 1 At sondrie tymes and in diuers maners, 1589 Cocan 
Haven Health cxcviii. (1636) 186 Divers meates require 
divers sawces, and divers men have divers appetites. 1669 
Busyan Holy Citie 204 The word Sun is in Sera taken 
divers ways. SAE Cook Voy. (1790) V._1552 Fish of 
divers sorts. 1845-6 Trencu //u/s. Lect. 1. vi. 98 We have 
the divers statements of St. Paul and St. James—divers but 
not diverse. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I, 408 This heavenly 
earth is of divers colours, 

b. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 232 Thus tose Divers ensamples 
how they stonde, 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 
807 The Citizens. .made divers dayes playes and Pagiaunts. 
1585 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 1. vii. § Too whom 
..came running divers. other Turkes to recover him. 1614 
Raceicu Hist. World 1. (1634) 113 If Nimrod tooke divers 
yeeres to find Shinaar. 1751 Smotierr Per. Pic. xvi, The 
old gentleman .. made divers ineffectual efforts to get up. 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 172 The two Chief Justices, 
the Chief Baron, and divers other Justices there present. 
1827 Jarman Powell's Devises 11. 195 Seised in fee of 
divers freehold lands. 1840 Barnam /ugol. Leg., Witches’ 
Frolic 449 Conspiring with folks to deponents unknown, 
With divers, that is to say, two thousand, people. 1860 
Mrs. Cartyre Lett. 111. 36 There are directions to be given 
to divers workmen before I start. 

e. absol., and with of: Several, many. arch. 

¢ 1450 [see Diverse a 5c]. 1526-34 TinpALE Mark viii. 3 
Diuers of them came from farre. 1533 Frirn Answ. More 
(1829) 174 Such fantastical apparitions do appear to divers. 
@ 1618 RaveicH Mahomet (1637) 86 Hope of gaine provoked 
divers to make search for him. 1628 Hospes Thucyd. 1. 
xiii, He subdued divers of the islands. 1684 Scanderbeg 
Ree, iii, 38 The General..slew divers, and forced the rest 
to fly. 

+4. as adv. =DIverseLy. Cf. Diverse a. 6. 

1597 Danie. Civ. War's 11. Ixiii, Divers-speaking zeele. 
1667 Mitton ?. Z. 1v. 234 The neather flood, Which .. now 
divided..Runs divers, 1715-20 Pore //iad xvi. 347 His 
troops..Fly divers. : c 
_ Diverse (di-, daivs-s, doi-vars), @. [In origin 
identical with Divers ; but in later use prob. more 
immediately associated with L. diversus (cf. ad- 
verse, inverse, obverse, perverse, reverse). Hence, 
no longer (since ¢1702) used in the merely vague 
numerical sense of divers, but always distinctly 
associated with diversity.] eS 

1. Different in character or quality ; not of the 


549 


same kind; not alike in nature or qualities. (For- 
merly also written divers: see DIVERS 1.) 

1297 R. Gtouc. (Rolls) 657 Supbe poru diuerse tonge me 
clupep it seuerne. 1387 Trevisa ///gden (Rolls) I. 25 Take 
hede of ey3te dyuerse manere of accountynge of 3eres. 
¢1430 LypG. Hors, Shepe § G. (Roxb.) 4 The thirde was 
white. .The fourth diuerce of colours. 1592 West 1st /'t, 
Symbol. § 50 H, Wordes of diuerse or doubtfull significa- 
tions. 1647-8 CorrerEt Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 30 From 
the diverse sense, that men had of this proceeding. 1822 
Coreriwce Lett. Convers., etc. 11. 83 The subjects of the 
Lectures are indeed very different, but not, in the strict 
sense of the term diverse: they are various rather than mis- 
cellaneous. 1841-71 T.R. Jones Anim. Kingd, (ed. 4) 798 
With habits so diverse, we may well expect corresponding 
diversity in their forms. 1865 R. W. Dae Yew. Temp. ix. 

(1877) 95 These diverse but not antagonistic spiritual forces. 
| . Const. from (+ Zo). 

c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xii. 54 Paire clething also es 
diuerse fra ‘oper men. @1568 AscHam Scholem, (Arb.) 157 
A certaine outlandish kinde of talke, strange to them of 
Athens, and diuerse from their writing. 1570 Act 13 Edis. 
c. 29 Any Name contrary or dyverse to the name of the now 

~ Chauncellor. 161x Biste Esther iii. 8 Their lawes are 

diuerse from all people. 1754 Epwaxns Freed. IWill 1. iv. 25 

Against, or diverse from present Acts of the Will. 1836 

J. Gitsert Chr. Atonem, i. (1852) 11 A procedure .. very 

diverse from that which he has universally prescribed. 

2. Differing from itself under different circuni- 
stances at different times, or in different parts ; 
multiform, varied, diversified. 

a1541 Wyatt Poet. Whs. (1861) 153 And beareth with his 
sway the diverse Moon about. 1656 Ripciey act. Physick 
ir An eschar .. of a diverse colour like a rainbow. 1875 
Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 19 Enlarging on the diverse and 
multiform nature of pleasure. 

+3. Different from, or opposed to what is right, 
good, or profitable ; perverse, adverse. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. IIL. 49 He found the see diverse With 
many a windy storm reverse. /6/. II]. 295 Fortune .. as 
I shall reherce..was to this lord diverse. a1450 Aut.de la 
Tour (1868) 104 But kinge herode was diuerse, couettous, 
and right malicious. 1483 Caxton G. de da Tour F vj b, 

| An euylle cruell and dyuerse quene. 

+4. Turning or impelling in different directions ; 

diverting, distracting. (In Spenser.) Ods. rare. 

1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 1. i, 10 In diverse doubt they been. 
Tbid. 1, ii. 3 And into diverse doubt his wavering wonder 
clove. 

+5. = Divers 3, with its varieties a and b. 


| Obs. (rare in this spelling after 1700). 

| @ 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 378 Pe kyng hem sende her & ber 

. To dyuerse men, to vynde hem mete. ¢ 1340 Cursor J/. 

1034 (‘T'rin.) Foure stremes passynge into dyuerse remes. 

1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 209 tw aungels and men 
desyred her byrthe for diuerse causes. a1g9z H. Siti 
Seri. (1637) 777, Vhey thought that there were diverse Gods, 
as there were diverse Nations, diverse trades, diverse lan- 
guages, diverse and sundry kinds of all things. 1688 
R. Hotme Armoury u. 68/1 The double Daisies are of 
diverse Sorts. 

b. 1386 Nodls of Parlt. II. 225/1 The forsaid Nichol .. 
ayein the pees, made dyverse enarmynges bi day and eke bi 
nyght. 1428 Surtees Misc, (1890) 10 Wele knawen to diverses 
gude men of yis cite, 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. 17 (an. 29) 
162 The toune of Acques, in the whiche be diverse hote 
bathes. a@1g68 Ascuam Scholem. Pref. (Arb.) 18 Diuerse 
Scholers of Eaton be runne awaie from the Schole. 1601 
Cuester Loves Martyr titlesp., Collected out of diuerse 
Authenticall Records. 1728 Morcan Algiers I. Pref. 6 
soars the close of this History and in diverse other parts 
of it. 

+c. absol. =DIVERS 3c. Obs. 

c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3638 He..had made diuerse 
hale and fere. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 172 
Many perticuler Regions, as Englande. . Denmarke, Greece, 
and diverse, unto the number. .of 34. 1568 Grarron Chron. 
II. 1309 With the losse of diverse of his company. 1605 
Bacon Adv. Learn. i, vi. § 1. 22 [It] hath been excellently 
handled by diverse. 1706 H. Maute //ist. Picts in A7isc. 
Scot. I. 37 Diverse of our historians attribute this victory to 
the valour of the King. 

+6. as adv. =DI1VERSELY. Odés. 

1708 J. Puiips Cyder 1, The gourd And thirsty cucumber 
.. with tendrils creep Diverse. 1729 Pore Dumc. (ed. 2) 1. 
“4 His papers light, fly diverse, tost in air. 

. Comb, adverbial or parasynthetic, as dzverse- 
coloured, -natured, -shaped, etc. 

x Biste Fudg. v. 30 (R.) Dyuerse coloured browdered 
work. 1606 SHaks. Aut. & Cl. 1. ii. 208 Smiling Cupids, 
With diuers coulour’d Fannes. 1697 J. Serceant Solid 
Philos. 11 Diverse-natured parts. 1875 W. McItwraiti 
Guide Wigtownshire 100 Diverse-shaped parterres. 

~ + Diverse, v. Ods. Also 4-6 dyverse (6 fa. 
zt. diverst). [a. OF. diverse-r to change, vary, 
diversify :—med.L. diversd-re to turn, drive about, 
freq. of divertére to Divert, or f. di-, Dis- 1+ 
versdre to turn about.] 

1. trans. To render diverse or different ; to vary, 

change, diversify. (Also refl.=7ntr.) 
_ 1340 Ayend. 124 Pise uour uirtues..mochel ham diuerseb 
ine hire workes.  ¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7reylus 11. 1703 (1752) Pe 
world with feyth which pat is stable Dyverseth so his 
stoundes concordynge. 1 Wyciir Acts xv. 9. ©1400 
Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 33t For bis cause pou muste diuerse 
pi medicyns. 1530 Patscr. 523/1, 1 dyverse, I make differ- 
ence, je Yiversifie. @ 1634 RANDOLPH Amyntas 1v. 9 The 
sentence now js past..It cannot be divers’d. 

2. intr. To be or grow diverse, different, or varied; 
tovary, change, become diyersified; to differ( from). 

¢1340 Cursor M. 2262 (Trin.) Her tonges dyuersed fro pat 
day. 1382 Wyctir 1 Cor. xv. 41 A sterre diuersith from a 
sterre in clerenesse. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 233. ¢ 1460 


DIVERSIFIER. 


Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. i. (1885) 109 Ther bith ij 
kyndes off kyngdomes. .thai diuersen in that the first kynge 
mey [etc.].. The secounde kynge may not rule his peple by 
other lawes than such as thai assenten unto. | 

3. intr. To tum aside, diverge, be diverted. rare. 

1590 Spenser F, Q. 11. iii. 62 The Redcrosse Knight 
diverst : but forth rode Britomart. ; ; 

Hence Diversed A//. a., diversified, different. 

1393 Gower Conf. Prol. I. 3 Men se the world. .In sondry 
wyse so diversed. c1q20 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 784 Dyversed 
wittes dyversely devyse. 

Diversely (di-, daivsusli, dai-vaisli), adv. [f. 
Diverse a. + -LY 2.) In a diverse manner, in 
a different way; differently, otherwise ; in diverse 
ways or directions, variously ; with diversity. See 
also DIVERSLY. 

@ 1300 [see Diversty 1]. ¢1325 Poen Times Edw. //, 
255 In Pol. Songs (Camden) 335 Nu ben theih so degysed 
and so diverseliche i-di3t. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Sed. Wks. IT. 432 
Pei lyveden diverseliche fro pise newe sects. ¢ 1386 Cuiavcrr 
Sgr.’s T. 194 Diuerse folk diuersely [7.7. dyuersly] they 
demed. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 1 The helthe of euery 
person proceedeth dyuercely, 1526 Frith Déisput., Purga- 
tory 167 Infernus, which is diversely taken in Scripture 
both for death, for a grave, and for hell. 1690 Locke // 22. 
Und. 11. i. (1695) 42 Being surrounded with Bodies, that 
perpetually and diversely affect us. 1732 Pork “ss. Wax 
1.97 On Life's vast ocean diversely we sail. 1862 Meni- 
VALE Rom, Enzp. (1871) V. xl. 23 The seven hills of Rome 
have been diversely enumerated. 

Dive'rseness. Now rave. Also diversness. 
[f. as prec. + -NESS. 

1. The quality or state of being diverse ; differ- 
ence, diversity, variety. 

©1340 Cursor M. 25160 (Fairf.) Wip pis worde ours we 
vnderstande al diuersenes of our erande. a1s4x Wyatr 
Change in minde in Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 37 You, this 
diuersnesse that blamen most, Change you no more. 1862 
F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 114 ‘Vhe diverseness of the 
condition of souls is owing to the diverseness of their works. 

+2. Adverseness, frowardness. Ods. rare. 

1580 Barret Adv. F 1154 Waiwardnesse, frowardnesse, 
diuersnesse to please, morositas. 

Diversi-, combining element, f. L. divers-us 
DIVERSE, as in diversicolor, diversicolorus: used 
in some English words, chiefly technical, as Diver- 
si‘color, Dive'rsicoloured ai/js., of varied colours. 
Diversiflorate, Diversiflorous ajs., bearing 
flowers of different kinds. Diversifo‘liate, Di- 
versifo‘lious adjs., having leaves of different kinds. 
Diversipe date «., having varied feet. Diversi- 
spo‘rous a., having spores of different kinds. 

1756 C. Lucas “ss. Waters 1. 137 It throws up a diversi- 
colored pellicle, in which orange appeared to predominate. 
1866 Zreas. Bot., Diversifiorous, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Diversicolor .. Diversiflorate .. Diverstfoliate .. Diversi- 
pedate es ain : 

Dive'rsifiable, a. rare. [f. Diverstry + 
-ABLE: so in F.] Capable of being diversified. 

1674 Boye Grounds Corpusc. Philos. 11 Since a single 
particle of matter .. be diversifiable so many ways. @ 1691 
— Wks. 1V. 281 (R.) The almost infinitely diversifiable con- 
textures of all the small parts. 

Hence Diversifiabi-lity. 

1871 Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 250 They have a 
relative diversifiability of states and powers and functions. 

+ Dive'rsificate, v. Olds. are. [f. ppl. stem 
of med.L. diverstficare (Du Cange) to render unlike, 
to Diversiry.] = Diversiry. 

1 T. Wricut Passions v. ii. 171. 1622 H. SYDENHAM 
Serm, Sol. Occ. (1637) 22 Variety of sounds diversificate 
passions, stirring up in the heart many sorts of joy or sad- 
nesse according to the nature of tunes. 

Diversification (divd:1sifikéi-fan, doi-).  [n. 
of action f. med.L. diversificdre to DIVERSIFY : cf. 
F. diversification (14th c. in Littré).]. The action 
of diversifying ; the process of becoming diversi- 
fied ; the fact of being diversified ; the production 
of diversity or variety of form or qualities. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1027 They be passions, 
accidents, and Giversifications of elements. 1681 H. Morr 
£xp. Dan i. 14 Which diversification .. need not be ex- 
pressed. 1776 Jounson Let. to Boswell 16 Nov. in Boswell 
Life, Such an effort annually would give the world a little 
diversification. 183r Brewster Vat. A/agic xi. (1833) 288 
He at first was perplexed about the diversification of the 
pattern, 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1872) go In the 
Australian mammals, we see the process of diversification 
in an early and incomplete stage of development. 

b. A diversified condition, form, or structure. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man... ii. 305 Animals. .that yet 
possibly are not of the same Species, but have accidental 
diversifications. 1796 Kirwan Lem. Alin. (ed. 2) 1. 48 The 
minuter diversifications are called varieties. 

Diversified, #//. a. [f. Diversiry + -ED1.] 
Rendered diverse; varied in form, features, or 
character; variegated. 

1611 Corcr., Bigarré, diversified, varied, mingled, of 
many colours. 1669 WoopuEap St. Teresa u. vii. 59 Let 
the singing be not in diversifyed notes, but in one and the 
same tone. 1799 J. Rosertson Agric. Perth 360 Views of 
that charming lake and of the diversified scenery around its 
wooded banks. 1878 Huxtry he sac 16 219 Deep-seated 
points of agreement among the diversified forms of life. 

Dive'rsifier. rare. [f. Diverstry + -ER!.] 
One who or that which diversifies. 

1894 H. Drummonp Ascent of Man 253 The first moral 
and intellectual diversifiers of men are to be sought for in 
geography and geology, 


DIVERSIFORM. 


Diversiflorous, -folious: see DivErst-. 

Diversiform (di-, daiva-ssiffim), a. [f. Di- 
veusI- + -ForM. So mod.F. diverstforme.] Of 
diverse or various forms ; differing in form. 

1660 Srantey Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 379/2 It is all one. . 
if it be called biform or wqualiform or Siversih . 

J.G. Witkinson tr. Swedenborg’s Anim. Kingd. Il. ii. 51'To 
diminish and enlarge these diversiform ures the 
glottis. 188a Fraser's Mag. XXV. 769 The diversiform 
“piv of strange superstitions. 7 
(divavasifai, dai-), v. [a. OF. diver- 
stfie-r (13th c. in Hatz,-Darm.), ad. med.L. diversi- 

care to render unlike (Du Cange), f. diversus Di- 
VERSE + -ficare vbl. formative, see -FY.] 

1. “rans. To render diverse, different, or varied, 
in form, features, or qualities ; to give variety or 
diversity to ; to variegate, vary, modify. 

Caxton Eneydos vi. 24 Bochace..hath transposed or 
atte leste dyuersifyed the falle and caas of dydo otherwyse 
than wyrnvie. 1541 R. Cortanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., 
The bones of the body .. be deuersyfyed in dyuers 
maners. 1665 Hooke A/icrogr. 17 This adventitious or 
accidental pressure..must diversify the Figure of the in- 
cluded heterogeneous fluid. 1704 Pore Windsor For. 145 
Swift trouts, diversify’d with crimson stains. 1855 MAcAuLAy 
Hist. Eng. U1. 505 ‘The course of parliamentary business 
was diversified by.another curious and interesting episode. 

+b. To make different, to differentiate from. 

1594 Carew /uarte’'s Exam, Wits (1616) 98 Whether it 
could haue..beene able to diuersifie them from those who 
came with them. 1661 Fectuam Resolves (ed. 8). 1xxxi, 
We diversifie our selves from him [God], we fight against 
his love. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 409 ® 3 Ways of express- 
ing himself which diversify him from all other Authors. 

+2. a. intr. or absol. To produce diversity or 
variety. b. zutr. (for reff.) Obs. 

1481 Caxton Jyrr. mi. xxiv. 189 How nature werketh, 
and .. how she dyuersefyeth in euerych of her werkes 
a 1680 GLANVILL tr. Fontenelie’s Plurality Worlds (1695) 89 
How Nature diversifies in these several Worlds. 1815 
Map. D’Arsiay Diary (1846) VII. 222 Prospects eternally 
diversifying varied our delighted attention. 

Hence Diverrsifying v/. sb. and ff/. a. 

1611 Corcr., Bigarrément,a variation, or diversifying, as 
in colours. 1753 CuamBers Cycl. Supp., Diversifying, in 
rhetoric, is of infinite service to the orator ; it..may fitly be 
called the subject of all his tropes and figures. 1837 
Pricnarp Phys. Hist. Man.(ed. 3) 11. 226 The diversifying 
process. .may have given rise to differences. 

Diversi‘loquent, @. rvare—°. [f. Diverst- 
+L. loguent-em speaking.] (See quots.) 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Diversiloguent, that varieth or 
speaks diversly. 1848 Craic, Diversiloguent, speaking 
in different ways. Hence in mod. Dicts. 

Diversion (divs‘ifen, doi-). [ad. med.L. d- 
verstd (vox Medicorum: Du Cange), n. of action 
f. L. divertére to Divert. Cf. F. diversion, in 
medical use in 13-14th c. (Littré’, in military and 
other uses in 16th c., perh. the immediate source 
of the English, but not in Cotgr. 1611.] 

1. “it. The turning aside (of anything) from its 
due or ordinary course or direction ; a turning aside 
of one’s course ; deviation, deflection. 

1626 Bacon Sy/va § 414 In Retention of the Sap for a time, 
and Diversion of it to the Sprouts. 1660 HickERINGILL 
Yamaica (1661) 65 This Diversion is somewhat out of our 
way to Jamaica. 1871 ‘'yxpatt Fragm. Sc. (1879) IL. i. 2 
A diversion of the Rhone. . would. .have been of incalculable 
benefit. 1871 L. Steruen Playgr. Eur. x. (1894) 245, L made 
adiversion towards the valley. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 
180 Fearing the diversion of trade. 1883 Nature 8 Mar. 43 
Due to its diversion into some other than the usual channel. 

+b. Aved. A turning away of the course of the 
humours by means of medicinal applications. Ods. 

1656 Rivciey Pract. Physick 17 To use diversion, evacua- 
tion, and strengthening. 1727-5 Cuampers Cyc/., Diver- 
ston in Medicine, the turning of the course or flux of 
humours from one part to another, by proper applications. 

2. transf. and fig. The turning aside (of any per- 
son or thing) from a settled or particular course of 
action, an object, or the like. 

1600 E. Biounrt tr. Conestaggio 10 Turning all his resolu- 
tions upon Affrick ..But this diversion whereunto they per- 
swaded the King, was cause of great ruines. 1626 Donne 
Serm. Ps. \xiv. 10 A diversion, a deviation, a deflection .. 
from this rectitude, this uprightness. 1797 Burke Xegic. 
Peace 1. Wks. VIII. 343 If the war has been diverted from 
the great object..this diversion was made to encrease the 
naval resources and power of Great Britain. 7 

+b. A turning aside from the business in hand, 
or from one’s regular occupation ; avocation. Oés. 

1637 Laub Is. (1857) VI. 37 Considering my many diver- 
sions and the little time I contd snatch from other employ- 
ment. 1662 Licnrroor Broughton's Wks, Pref. 2. 
Marvett Corr. Wks. II. 456 The Lords have agreed for .. 
another conference .. these and other diversions withhold 
them from proceeding in their Committee of their Test. 

e. A turning aside or diverting of the attention. 

1667 Decay Chr. Piety ii. ® 7 An artifice of diversion, 
a sprout of that first fig-tree which was to hide the naked- 
ness of Adam. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace 1. Wks. 
VIII. 155 The. .diversion..was the suggestion of a treaty 
Edel by the enemy. 1814 Scorr /Wav. iv, Charging 
them to e good with their lives an hour's diversion, that 
the king might have that space for escape. 

3. Mil, Amancewvyre to draw off the enemy’s atten- 
tion from the operation on which they are engaged, 
by a movement or attack in an unexpected quarter. 

1647 CLarenvon //ist. Red. 1. § 88 The forces .. which 
were raised to make a diversion in Scotland. 1659 B. Harris 


| 


| 


550 


Parival’s Iron Age 45 The Prince .. bethought himself .. 
of sending his brother to Venlo, so to make a_ powerfull 
diversion. _180r WrtuncTon in Gurw. Desf. 1. 299 M 
determination is to make the most powerful diversion whi 
may be practicable on the coasts of the Red Sea. 

4. spec. The turning away of the thoughts, atten- 
tion, etc., from fatiguin, g or sad occupations, with 
implication of pleasurable excitement; distraction, 
recreation, amusement, entertainment. 

1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xliv. 174 My long indis- 

ition .. hath great need of some diversion. 1671 Lapy 

fary Bertie in 12th Rep. Hist, MSS. Comm. App. V. 22, 
I..am glad you had so good diversion in drawing valentine. 
1706 Estcourt Fair Examp.u. ii, Will you allow her no 
Diversion? 1710 Steee 7atler No. be hoy Diversion, which 
is a kind of forgetting our selves, is but a mean Way of 
Entertainment. 1814 Jane Austen Mans/. Park xvii, All 
were finding employment in consultations..or diversion in 
the playful conceits they suggested. 

b. with a and #/. An amusement, entertainment, 
sport, pastime. 

1648 Evetyn Diary 5 Feb., Saw a Tragie-comedy acted in 
the Cockpit, after there had been none of these diversions 
for many years during the warr. 172§ De For Voy. round 
World (1840) 254 If wild and uncouth places be a diversion 
to you, I promise your curiosity shall be fully gratified. 
1843 Lytron Last Bar. 1. i, Open spaces for the popular 
games and diversions. 1875 J. Curtis Hist. Eng. 154 
Among the in-door diversions were draughts, chess, etc. 

ce. Comb. as diverston-monger. 

1744 Exiza Heywoop Female Spect. (1748) 1. 212 Our di- 
version-mongers..every day contriving new entertainments. 

+ 5. Diverse condition, diverseness. Ods. rare. 

14... Wyxtoun Chron. (ed. Laing) II. 166 (Wemyss MS.) 
For diversion [v. rv. syndrynes] of thar changeing. 

Dive'rsi ,a.rare—', [f. prec. +-ary'.] 
Pertaining or tending to a diversion ; divertive. 

1846 Lanpor Wks. I]. 179 What a farce in the meanwhile 
is the diversionary talk about the abolition of the slave-trade ! 


Diversitude. are. [f. Diversk a] = 
next. 

1870 E. Mutrorp Nation xviii. 344 No diversitude in 
thought and action. 

Diversity (diva-usiti, dai-). Also 4-6 -te(e, 
4-5 dyverste. [a. OF. diverseté, diversité (12th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.) difference, oddness, wickedness, 
perversity :—L. diversttat-em contrariety, disagree- 
ment, difference, f. diversus DIVERSE.] 

1. The condition or quality of being diverse, dif- 
ferent, or varied; difference, unlikeness. 

a130 Hampoce Psalter cl. 4 Pai sown all samyn in acor- 
dandist dyuersite. ¢ 1386 Cuavcer Max of Law's T. 122 
‘Ther was swich diwersitie Bitwene hir bothe lawes. 
1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 32 Alle bese ben dyverse, after 
pe dyverste of here cause. 1494 Fasyan Chron. u. xlv. 29 
The dyuersytie of that one from y‘ other. 1§30 Parser. 76 
Dyversite of gendre is expressed onely in pronownes of the 
thirde persone. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. xxii. § 9 
Diversitie of circumstance may alter the case. 1628 T. 
Spencer Logick 240 A discrete Axiome is then framed 
according to Art, when the partes of it doe dissent by diver- 
sitie, not as opposites. ed tr. Burgersdicius his Logic 1. 
xxi. 81 Diversity is that affection by which things are dis- 
tinguished one leven the other. And is either real, rational, 
or modal. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 5 Through that diversity 
of members and interests, general liberty had as many 
securities as there were separate views in the several orders. 
1882 Farrar Early Chr. 1. 247 Unity does not exclude 
diversity—nay more, without diversity there can be no true 
and perfect unity. . aA 

b. with a and £/. An instance of this condition 
or quality; a point of unlikeness; a difference, 
distinction ; a different kind, a variety. 

1340 Hamrote Prose 77. (1866) 35 3it es per a dyuersite 
by-twyx gastely and bodily dedis. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. xiv. 
45 In the persones ben so many dyuersetees, & facions not 
lyke. 1665 Ray Vlora 1. vii. 42 The White lily affordeth 
three diversities, two besides the common kind, 1731 Pore 
Ep. Burlington 84 A waving Glow the bloomy beds display, 
Blushing in bright diversities of on. 1811 PinkKERTON 
Petrad. 1, 386 The colours being mere! 7 regarded as varie- 
ties: though some, from their rarity and singularity. ought 
rather to form diversities. 1859 Mut Liderty iii. (1865) 
39/2 People have diversities of taste. ; : 

+c. Divers manners or sorts; a variety. Ods. 
1382 Wycuir Exod. xxxi. 5 Forgid of gold, and of siluer.. 
dyuerste L388 dyuersite] of trees, — /s. xliv. 15 The 
do3ter of the King..in gold h b wrappid 
with diuersitees [circumamicta varietatibus), 1610 SUAKs. 
Temp. V. i, 234 
sounds, all horrib! 

2. Law. (See quot.) 

1848 Warton Law Lex., Diversity, a plea vy a prisoner 
in bar of execution, alleging that he is not the same who was 
attainted ; upon which a jury is .. impanelled to try the 
collateral issue thus raised, viz., the identity of the person. 

+38. Contrariety to what is agreeable, good, or 
right; perversity, evil, mischief. Ods. 

1483 Caxton G. de la Tour F vij, This quene..made unto 


the le grete dyuersytees [wroult de diversites). ¢ 1485 
Dis PMyat. (1882) 11. 1308 Wethyr it be good ar ony 
deversyte. 


1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 2395 In all his 
realine was no Qyacrayse, Malyce was subdued. 1523 Lp. 
Berners Frviss, I, xvii. 18 They carey with them no cartis 
. for y* diversities [Fr. diversités] of y* mountaignes. 

+ Diversive, 2. Obs. [f. L. divers-, ppl. stem 
of divertére to Divert: see -1vE.] Tending to 
divert or cause diversion ; divertive. 

1693 Ment. Cut. Teckely 1. 103 Contenting themselves with 
oy pillaging, did ing diversive, 1704 tr. Boccalini’s 
Adv, fr. Parnass. 1. 274 That Cankar, which her Enemies 
term’d a Diversive Issue. 


Roring, shreeking .. And mo diuersitie of 
le. 


DIVERT. : 


+ Diversi-volent, «. Os. rare. [f. Divensi- 
+L. volent-em wishing.] Desiring strife or dif- 
ferences. 3 
1612 Wesster White Devil m. i. Peel 

hed and di 1 Ibid. 5 


volent lawyer, mark him. 

Diversly (dai-vaizli*, adv. [f. Divers a. + 
~LY +. Formerly not distinguishable from diversely.] 

1. In divers ways, variously ; formerly, Differently, 
Diversey (of which this was a common spelling 
before 1700) ; in some recent writers = In several or 
sundry ways. 

a@1300 Cursor M. oi (Cott.) pis tale .. Mani telles 
diuersli [ai7/. diuerseli] For pai find diuers stori. c 1384 
Cuaucer H. Fame ui. 810 Somme folke have desired fame 
Diversly. Lancu. 7’. PL C. xvi. 79 Alle we ben 
brethren pauh we be diuersliche clopede. 1526 ‘TinpaLe 
Heb. i. 1 God in tyme past diversly and many wayes [etc.]. 
1594 Srenser A moretti liv, Disguysing diuersly my trou 
wits. 1614 Rateicn //ist. World u, iii. § 6 Divers have 
dive’ set downe the forme of the Hebrew yeare. 
Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. xiv. § 669 Stubborn enemies 
..are torn in peeces of horses, diversly driven. 1791-1823 
D'Israeui Cur. Lit., Fews of York, y flew diversly in 
great consternation. a 1834 Coterince Confess. Enguir. 
Spirit iii. (1853) 64 One spirit, working diversly, now 
awakening strength, and now glorifying itself in weakness. 
[See Author's Vofe.] 1881 Swixsurne Mary Stuart m. i. 
112 Men's minds Are with affections diversly distraught. 

+2. [=OF. diversement.] Wickedly, evilly, per- 
versely. Obs. rare. 

1523 Lp. Bexners /roiss. I. vi. 4 This sayd kyng, gouerned 
right diuersly his realme by y* exortacion of Sir Hewe 


44 This de- 
7 Your diversi- 


h 


Spencer. 

Diversness, obs. var. of DIVERSENESS, 

+ Dive , 50, Obs. [ad. L. di-, properly 
déverséri-um, \odging-place, inn, f. déwertére to 
turn aside, turn in, resort, lodge: cf. OF. diversotre 
(12th c.), It. diversorio ‘an Inne, an hostery.’ 
See Deversary.] A place to which one tums in 
by the way; a temporary lodging-place or shelter. 

c1q10 Love Bonavent. Mirr. vi. (Gibbs MS.), A comun 
place..pat was heled aboune men for to stonde pere for be 
reyne & was icleped a dyuersorie, 1615 Cuarman Odyss. 
x1V. 536 Since the man..In my stall, as his diversory, stay’d. 
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diversory,a divert- 
ing place, or a place to turn of one side out of the way. 

Dive'rsory, 2. vare—°. [f. L. divers- ppl. 
stem of divertére to Divert + -ory.] Serving 
to divert, divertive. 

1864 in Wesster. (Cent. Dict. cites NortH.) 

Divert (divsut, dai-), v. Also 6 dyvert(e. 
[a. OF. divertir (14-15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) =It. 
divertire, Sp. divertir, ad. L. divertére to turn in dif- 
ferent directions, tum out of the way, with which - 
is also blended L. déwertére to turn away or aside.] 

1. “rans. To turn aside (a thing, as a stream, etc.) 
from its ( gs pail direction or course; to deflect 
(the course of something); to turn from one des- 
tination or object /o another. - 

1 Hat Chron., Hen. 1V (an. 9) 28 b, They heryng 
potty were diverted to the partes of Britayn. 1649 
Mitton Eikon. xxii, [Since] it was proclaim'd that no man 
should conceal him, he diverted his course. Wauisin 
Pepys’ Diary V1. 209 The old Channel .. for diverting the 
‘Thames whilst London Bridge was building. 1709 Appison 
Tatler No. 161 ? 8 My Eyes were soon diverted from this 
Prospect. 1794 SuLtivan View Nat. IL. 28 We read of 
irons, which bei 


° services. 
1873 Act 36-7 Vict.c.83 Preamb., To make good to the said 


1541 —Guydon's Quest.C. drurgApplyed- — 
res of women. 


dea 
ryall . Pl. Il. 282 
Which way soever I divert my selfe Thou seemst to follow 
1656 Srantey Hist. Philos. w. (1701) 
143/ He [Bion] > og eg Philosophy. 5 
y ‘o turn aside out of one’s 


rpose by any waydiuerte. — Thebes 1.(R. He] List not 
once pork to ainect But kept bis way. ALL Chron., 
they the marches 


Rich. 11, (an. 3) 46 That w i 
vet should di oand take the mint ware Ste eae 
eLyn Di 1 Sept. returned, I dive 
be one af the Prince's a3 M 1. Journ. 
‘erus. 33 We diverted a little out of the way to see it. 1774 
. Haruwax Anal. Rom. Law (1795) . 23 Studies. . 
from which loslas Disp. ( ays pricey et = 

isp. (1 41 in 
plan A Pi scot ity fave pros tion of my orders. 
1895 W. Munk Life Sir H. Halford 10 He..was bred to 
physic, but he diverted to the diplomatic line. 
+b. To withdraw oneself, separate from; to 
part. (Also ref.) Ods. rare. 
e1gss Harrsriety Divorce Hen. VIIT (1878) 293 The 


DIVERT. 


King might divert and divorce himself from Queen 
Katherine. 1604 R. Caworey Tadle Alph. (1613), Divert, 
turne from to another. 1705-14 Forses in M. P. Brown 
Suppl. Decis. (1824) V. 60 (am) In case they should divert, 
and live separately. , : 

3. trans. (transf. and fig.) To turn aside the 
course or tendency, or interrupt the progress, of 
(an action, design, feeling, etc.); to avert, ward 
off; turn in another direction. 

1548 Haut Chron., Hen. VI (an. 38) 174 [They] studied to 
divert and turne from them, all mischief or infortunitie. 
1599 SHaxs. Hen. V, 1. Prol. 15 The French. .Seeke to 

ert the English purposes, 1649 Mitton /ikon. xi. 110 
Which Omen ..God hath not diverted. 1732 Porr Ef. 
Bathurst 5x Could France. .divert our brave designs? 1862 
Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /ng. II. ii. 70 Persevering labour, 
not diverted from one object to another. rag babar Short 
Hist, vi. § 4. 303 The indignation of the New Learning 
was diverted to more practical ends. . 

+ 4. (?) To turn awry, or away from the straight. 
Obs. rare. 

1606 Suaxs. 7%. § Cr. 1. iii. 99 Frights, changes, horrors, 
Diuert, and cracke, rend and deracinate The vnity, and 
married calme of States Quite from their fixure. ; 

5. To draw off (a person) from a particular 
course, design, etc.; to cause (the mind, attention, 
etc.) to turn from one channel fo another; to distract. 

¢ 1600 SHaks, Sonn. cxv, Time whose milliond accidents. . 
Diuert strong mindes to the course of altering thinges. 
1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 814 Other care.. May have diverted 
from continual watch Our great Forbidder. 1704 Hearne 
Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 397 Presently after which Augustus 
was diverted by a Revele of the Armenians. 1782 Cowrer 
Let. 11 Nov., Less. profitable amusements divert their 
attention. 1853 C. Bronte Villetfe xi, She had an im- 
portant avocation..to fill her time, divert her thoughts, and 
divide her interest. 1874 L. SterHen Hours in Library 
(1892) I. i. 5 People are diverted from the weak part of the 
story by this ingenious confirmation. 

b. AMz?.: see DIVERSION 3. 

1600 E. Brount tr. Conestaggio 309 To divert the 
Spanish forces. 1665 MAntey Grotins’ Low C. Warres 
596 It was necessary first to divert the Enemy to some 
other part. 

6. To draw away from fatiguing or serious occu- 
pations ; pleasurably to excite the mind or attract 


the attention ; to entertain, amuse. 

1662 J. Davies tr. Oleartus’ Voy. Ambass. 278 Paste and 
Sugar..which were brought to the Table, rather to divert 
the Eye, than to sharpen the Appetite. 1709 STEELE 
Tatler No. 106 ®1, I had neither Friends or Books to 
divert me. 1858 HawtHorne /. & /t. ¥rudls. 1. 259 The 
people .. seemed much diverted at our predicament. 

b. ref. To entertain, amuse, recreate oneself; 
to give oneself to diversion. Now rare. 

1660 R. Coxe Fustice Vind. 12 When they are alone, and 
seek company to divert themselves, so to elude the length 
of time. c1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson 
22 He..often diverted himself with a viol. 1719 De For 
Crusoe (1840) I. xi. 182, I used frequently to visit my boat 
..sometimes I went out in her to divert myself. 1800 J/ed. 
Frul. LV. 285 (He] was diverting himself with some of his 
companions at the rural diversion of hop, spring, and leap. 

te. intr. (for ref.) =prec. Obs. rare. 

1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. 11. 177 He apply'd himself 
to divert amongst other young men, rather than to converse 
amongst books, 

+7. trans. To cause (time) to pass pleasantly ; 
to while away. Ods. 

1707 J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 214 They 
diverted theAfternoon playing at All-Fours. 1726 SHELVocKE 
Voy, round World tapes 395, I urged that..going to 
California would divert our time. _1773 Mrs. CHApone 
Improv. Mind (1774) 1, How trifling is the talent of divert- 
ing an idle hour. 

Hence Diverted A//. a. 

1600 Suaks. A. Y, L. u, iii. 37, I rather will subiect me 
to the malice Of a diuerted bl and bloudie brother. 1608 
Cuapman Byron's 7 rag. w. Wks. 1873 I1. 278 Their diverted 
ears, Their backs turned tous. 1812 L. Huntin Examiner 
7 Dec. 771/t How is he to hold the balance with diverted 
eyes, and a hand that is trembling with passion ? 

iverter. [f. prec.+-ER1!.] One who or 
that which diverts: see the verb. 

16ar-5r Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii. w. 282 "Tis the best 
Nepenthe, surest cordiall, sweetest alterative, present’st 
diverter. 1661 Watton Angler (ed. 3) 42 Angling was.. 
A rest to his mind, a cheerer of his spirits, a diverter [ed. 1 
divertion] of sadness. 1727 Philip Quaril 204 Seeing his 
beloved Diverters carrying away by those Birds of Prey, 
he runs in for his Bow. J/od. A diverter of young people. 

Dive'rtible, a rare. [f. L. divert-cre to 
Divert + -IBLE.] Able or liable to be diverted. 
Hence Divertibi‘lity, capability of being di- 
verted. : $ 

1881 Fair Trade Cry 11 The divertibility of trade is proved 
by its diversion, 

Diverrticle. Os. Also 7 -icule. [ad. L. 
diverticul-um: see below. In F. diverticule.] 

1. A byway or bypath ; a turning out of the main 
way or straight course. Also fig. 

1570-6 Lamparpe Perambd, Kent (1826) 234 Neither of 
them standeth in the full sweepe..of those oo, but in 
a diverticle, or by way. 1634 T. Jounson Parey's Chirurg. 
11, (1678) 37 The first entrance..is not streight, but full 
of many diverticles and crooked paths. 1677 Gate Crt, 
Gentiles 1. 55 Who made the heart, and knows al the diver- 
ticules or turnings and windings of it. 1782 T. Warton 
Hist, Kiddington 52 (T.), I suspect there was a diverticle 
of the Akeman shooting from Whichwood towards Idbury. 

2. =DIverticuLuM 2. 

1847 Craic, Diverticle .. in Anatomy, any hollow append- 


551 


age which belongs to and communicates with the cavity of 
the intestinal canal, and terminates in a czd-de-sac. 


Diverti-cular, «. [f. L. diverticul-um: see 
below and -ar!.] <Pertaining to or of the nature 


of a diverticulum. 

1849-52 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1V. 847/1 A left gall-bladder.. 
is [a] diverticular production of the gall-duct. 1878 Bex 
Gegenbaur’s Comp. Anat. 49 A diverticular outgrowth, 

Diverti‘culate, a. [f. next + -are *.]  l'ro- 
vided with a diverticulum. Also, in same sense, 
Diverti‘culated a. 

1870 RoLteston Anim. Life 130 The diverticulate portion 
of the digestive tract. 

| Diverticulum (doivaitikivlim). Pl. -a. 
[L. d7- deverticulum a byway, bypath, deviation, 
wayside shelter or lodging; f. devertére to turn 
down or aside, f. Dr- I. 1 + vertere to turn.] 

+1. A byway ; a way out, means of exit. Obs. 

1647 W. Stronc Trust 4 Acc. Steward 19 Some..love 
diverticulaes and turne aside unto crooked waies. 1695 
Woonwarp Nat. Hist. Earth it. § 13 (1723) 159 Were 
it not for these Diverticula, whereby it [fire] thus gains 
an Exit, 'twould..make greater Havock than now it doth, 

2. Asmaller side-branch of any cavity or passage; 
in Anat. applied usually to a blind tubular process ; 
in Pathol. to a malformation having this character. 

1819 /antologia, Diverticulum, a mal-formation or dis- 
eased appearance of intestine, in which a portion of in- 
testine goes out of the regular course of the tube. 1822 
in Crass Technol, Dict. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man 1. i. 
27 ‘The cecum is a branch or diverticulum of the intestine, 
ending in a cul-de-sac. 1880 Mivarr in Contemp. Rez. 
285 ‘The South Pacific, of which all other oceans and seas 
may he regarded as diverticula or reaches. 

|| Divertimento (dévertzme'nto). Pl. -ti‘-t7, 
-tos, ([It.=diversion, pastime, pleasure.] + a. 
Diversion, amusement. Ods. b. A/us, = DIVER- 
TISSEMENT 2. 

1759 Gotpsm. Polite Learn, iii. (Globe) 425/2 Where.. 
abbés turned shepherds, and shepherdesses without sheep 
indulge their innocent divertimenti! 1823 Spirit Pud. 
Frnuis. (1824) 198 Haydn composed..20 divertimentos for 
various instruments. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus., Diverti- 
mento, a term employed for various pieces of music. 1887 
Atheneum g Apr. 489/3 (Stanf.) We find five large serenades 
and divertimenti for wind instruments. : 

Dive'rting, vbl. sb. [-1NG1.] The action 
of the verb Divert; diversion. Also a/fr7b. 

r61r Frorio, Dinertita, a diuerting, a remouing. «a 1612 
Donne Braéas arog (1644) 213 All darke and dangerous Se- 
cessions and divertings into points of our Freewill, and of 
Gods Destiny. 1617 Hirron I/‘%s. II. 237 ‘Vo obtaine of 
God the diuerting or turning by of some great iudgements. 
1681 [see Diversory sd.]. 1895 Daily Chron. 19 Jan. 5/5 
The diverting of the water to the old workings. 

Dive'rting, /7/. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG *.] That 
diverts or turns aside; distracting; amusing. 

1651 Baxter /uf. Bapt. 224 ‘Vo thrust in mens names and 
words..was unseasonable and diverting. 1700 S. L. tr. 
C. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 163 ‘Their Comedies .. are very 
diverting. 1782 Cowrer (fi//e) The Diverting History of 
= Gilpin. 87x Mortey Voltaire (1886) 144. 1878 

. H. Gisss Ombre 1 Ombre .. the most diverting .. of 
games, 

Hence Dive'rtingly adv.; Dive'rtingness. 

1697 CoLtier Jmmor. Stage Vi.'1730) 168 The Divertingness 
of it. xgor Stryre Life Aylmer xiv. (R.), He. .then added, 
divertingly, that this argument therefore arose of wrong 
understanding the word. 1837 /vaser’s Mag. XV. 339 Her 
sensibility appears to be strangely—we had almost said 
divertingly—acute. woe 

+ Divertise, v. O0ts. Also 7 -ize. [f. F. dz- 
vertzss- lengthened stem of dvertir to Divert: cf. 
advertise, and see -ISE. Stressed by Bailey dzve'7- 
tise; Johnson has diverte'se.] 

1. ¢rans. =Divert 1 b. 

1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 338 Let it [the ulcer] bleed 
well, to divertize the fluxion. 

2. To distract the attention of: to draw off; = 
DIveERt 5. 

1648 Evetyn Mem, (1857) II. 17 If the army were but 
conveniently divertised, both this city and the adjacents to 
it would be so associate as [etc.]. 1652 J. Wricur tr. 
Camus’ Nat. Paradox 161 Every one’s attentions were 
divertised according to their different inclinations. E 

3. To entertain, amuse; =Diverr 6. Chiefly 
vefl.: To enjoy oneself, make merry. 

16s1 tr. De-las-Coveras’ Don Fenise 32 The ordinary 
entertaines wherewith I divertised my selfe. 1671 tr. 
Frejas’ Voy. Mauritania 63 The King .. bad him take 
care to divertise me. 1673 WycHertey Gentl. Danc. 
Master 1, ii, I think we hat better. .divertise the gentle- 
man at cards till it be ready. 1696 Auprey J/isc. (1721) 
62 Sir Roger L’Estrange was wont to divertise himself 
with Cocking in his Father's Park. fl 

Hence Divertising f/. a., entertaining, amusing. 

1655 Theophania 84 His h (was] so divertising. 
1667 Perys Diary 28 May, To hear the nightingale and 
other birds, and here fiddles, and there a harp, and here 
a Jew’s trump, and here laughing, and there fine people 
walking, is mighty divertising. 1694 Crowne Married 
Beau. 5 The compliment is not divertising. 

Divertisement (divsutizmént). arch, [ad. 
F. divertissement (15th c.) action of diverting, 
diversion, f. dvertiss-: see prec. and -MEN’.] 

1. The action of diverting or fact of being di- 
verted ; recreation, entertainment, = DIVERSION 4. 

1651 Hopes Govt. & Soc. Ep. Ded., Some for divertise- 
ment, and some for businesse, 1719 Lonpon & Wise 


- DIVEST. 


Compl, Gard, 287 Nature now affect[s] no better divertise- 
ment than to be amazing us with Miracles of rua i 1854 
J. 5S. C. Asporr Nafoleon (1855) I. i. 21 He left the bat and 
the ball. .and in this strange divertisement found exhilarat- 
ing joy. 1894 J. Winsor Cartier to Frontenac 200 Half 
trader, half explorer, wholly bent on divertisement. 

2. with a and Z/. An instance of this; an enter- 
tainment, amusement ; = DIVERSION 4 b. 

1642 Howe t Jor. Trav, xix. (Arb.) 80 In this variety of 
studies and divertisments. 1707 Loud. Gaz. No. 4314/3 
There will be .. Foot-Matches, and other Divertisements. 
1801 Strutt Sports & Past. 1. iv. 187 The juggler’s exhi- 
bition ..consists of four divertisements. 1865 M. Pattison 
Ess. (1889) 1. 352 The divertisements of his leisure. 

b. = DIVERTISSEMENT 2. 

1667 Perys Diary 7 Jan., A most excellent play in all 
respects, but especially in divertisement, though it bea deep 
tragedy. 1803 din. Rev. 11. 180. 1822 ‘I’. Moore Jem. 
(1853) III. 314 ‘Too late for the divertisement in the 
opera. 

| Dive'rtissant, 2. O/s. Also 8 divertisant. 
[F. divertissant, pr. pple. of divert? to DIvERt.] 
Diverting, entertaining, | leasing. 

1645 Evetyn Diary 31 Jan., One of the most divertissant 
and considerable vistas in the world. 1664 — Sylva (1679) 
27 ‘These sweet, and divertissant Plantations. 1730-6 

3AtLEY (folio), Diver’ tisant, diverting. 

|| Divertissement ((l’vertismai. [F. = di- 
version, also ‘a ballet-interlude, piece of music for 
several instruments’ (Littré).] 

1. An entertainment ; = DIVERTISEMENT 2, 

1804 din. Rev. V. 86 The whole party..were called 
upon to repeat the divertissement in a more public.. 
manner. 1816 Byron in Moore £7/e (1832) III. 328 (Stanf.) 
All kinds of concerts and divertissements on every canal of 
this aquatic city. 1887 /’a// Alall G 23 Sept. 3/1 Novels, 
tales, and adventures of every kind. It is by these diver- 
tissements that the taste for reading is first developed. 

2. A kind of ballet; a short ballet or other enter- 
tainment given between acts or longer pieces (=F. 
entracte); formerly also a piece of music contain- 
ing several movements. 

c1728 Eart or Aitespury J/em. (1890) 710 She hath 
nothing in her head but plays, operas, and all divertisse- 
ments, 1794 Matnuias 29s, Lit. (1798) 257 Messrs. Fox, 
Sheridan, and Grey, are preparing a new Serious Diver- 
tissement, or Pas de ‘l'rois, with new scenes, dresses, and 
decorations, called, ‘ Le Directotre Executif’. 1840 Moor 
Lalla hk. Pref. (1850) 14, I must not omit to notice the 
splendid Divertissenrent founded upon it. 1880 Grove 
Dict. Mus., Divertissement, a kind of short ballet..Also a 
pot-pourri or piece on given motifs... The term is no longer 
used. 1888 /vures 26 June 12/2 Advt., The new grand 
spectacular ballet divertissement. 

Divertive (diva tiv, dai-), @ Now rare. [f. 
Divert + -IVE; cf. It. dévertivo (Florio).] Tend- 
ing to divert ; having the property of diverting or 
producing diversion; distractive; amusing, enter- 
taining. 

1598 FLorio, Dinertinva, diuertiue or remouing. Guerra 
diuertiua, diuertiue war, 166x FrettHam Nesolves (ed. 8) 
11. xxi, By reason of. .the divertive crowd of other occasions, 
Rich men haue not leisure. 1670 E. R. Animadv. Glan- 
wills Ne Plus Ultra 7 Something socharming and divertive 
in this discourse. 1707 J. Jounson Clergym. Vade M, App. 
xii, Several Inscriptions that are Real, but Jocular and 
Divertive. 1831 Fraser's Mag. 111. 28 Greatly divertive 
to the inward man. 

+ Divertment. 0s. [-mest?.] Diversion. 

1613-18 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 83 ‘The prose- 

uution .. thereof was neyther by him or his successors 
(hauing other diuertments) euer throughly accomplished. 
1635 A. Starrorp Fem, Glory (1869) 116 ‘The manifold 
divertments incident to your Sexe. 

|| Dives (dai-vzz). [L. dives rich, a rich man.] 

1. The Latin word for ‘rich (man)’, occurring 
in the Vulgate, Luke xvi; whence commonly taken 
as the proper name of the rich man in that parable ; 
and used generically for ‘rich man’. Hence 
Di-vesdom, the condition of being a ‘ Dives’. 

¢ 1386 CHauceR Sompn. T. 169 Lazar and diues lyueden 
diuersly. 1393 Lanoi. P. P72. C. 1x. 279 Diues for hus 
delicat lyf to be deuel wente. 1493 H. Parker (¢i¢/e) Diues 
and Pauper. 1588 Lupron (¢///e) A Dreame of the Deuill 
and Diues. 1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 281 Euery 
one had rather be a Diues, then a Diuus: a rich sinner, then 
a poore Saint. 1640 Bastwick Lord Bs. vi. F b, Doe not 
our Diveses, our rich Lord Prelates..goe in their Purple, 
Satten, Velvet? 1848 THackeray Van, Fair \vii, There 
must be rich and poor, Dives says, smacking his claret. 
1891 Pall Mali G. 6 Oct. 7/2 Pleading and entreating with 
the Christian Diveses, of which the land is so full, for the 
tiny Lazarus lying hard by their gate. 

1882 Besant A// Sorts xxviii, Pauperdom, Divesdom, 
taxes, and all kinds of things. : 

2. Law. Dives costs: costs on the higher scale. 

Under an old practice of the Court of Chancery, a plaintiff 
who sued i forma pauperis (and who therefore if he failed 
in his action could not be condemned to pay the defendant’s 
costs) was sometimes, in case the action was successful, 
allowed to recover from the defendant only ‘pauper costs’, 
which were costs taxed on a low scale ; while in other cases 
he was allowed to recover what by way of contrast were 
called ‘dives costs’, taxed on the ordinary scale. 

1849 Consol. Orders in Chancery x\. 5 Such costs shall 
be taxed as dives costs unless the Court shall otherwise 
direct. 1885 Sir C. S. C. Bowen in Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench 
Div. 870 In 1701 Lord $ llowed a pauper ‘dives 
costs’, that is, costs like other suitors. /6id. 871. 

Divest (divest, dai-), v. [A refashioning, 
after L. analogies, of earlier Devest from French. 
OF, desvesti7, through its later form devestir, gave 


DIVEST. - 


devest immediately, while its medizeval latinization 
disvestire, rectified to divestire (after ancient L. 
divell&re, divertére, etc.) has given divest, and this, 
through the general preference for the Latin over 
the French forms of the prefixes has supplanted 
devest, except in legal use, where both are found.] 

1. ¢vans. To unclothe, undress, disrobe ; to strip 

of clothing, or of any covering, ornament, etc. 
1583-1809: see Devest 1, 2.] 1795-1814 Worpsw. 

i xcursion Vi. 161 A leafy grove Discoloured, then divested. 
1847 Dickens Haunted M, ii, Divesting herself of her out- 
of-door attire. 1859 Lana Wand. Jndia 327 Having 
divested himself of the dust with which he was covered. 
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. 1. 32 Some of the Gothic win- 
dows had been divested of their tracery. : 

2. fig. To strip (a person or thing) of possessions, 
rights, or attributes; to denude, dispossess, deprive; 
less usually in good sense, to free, rid. 

[1563-1686 : see Devest 3.] 1648 Hunting of Fox 36 A 
eirvgigy | Faction. .hath divested him of all his Rights. 
1769 E. Bancrort Nat. //ist, Guiana 136 [Monkeys] are 
frequently tamed .. but they can never be divested of a 
mischievous disposition. 1818 Jas. Mit Brit. /ndia 1.1. 
v. 204 Divesting him of the government, 1882 Farrar Early 
Chr. II. 105 He divests them of their antithetical character. 

b. refl. To divest oneself of: to strip or dispos- 
sess oneself of; to put off, throw off, lay aside, 
abandon, rid oneself of. 

1605 Suaks. Lear t. i. 50 Now we will diuest vs both of 
Rule, Interest of Territory, Cares of State. 1767 Biack- 
STONE Comm. II. vy. 70 He agreed to divest himself of this 
undoubted flower of his crown. 1823 Kesie Serne. iii. 
(1848) 66 Divesting ourselves, for a moment, of all impres- 
sions received from other kinds of evidence. 1856 Dove 
Logic Chr. Faith v. i, § 2. 300 We have a moral nature from 
which we cannot divest ourselves. 

3. To put off (clothes, or anything worn or repre- 
sented as worn); to lay aside, abandon. Now rare. 

(1366-1765 : see Devest 4.] 1639 G. Danter I eric. 708, 
I endeavour To put of Man, and firailtie to divest. 1673 
Lady's Call. u. § 4 P 10. Knowing how hardly we can 
divest our voluptuousness and ambition. 1835 BrowNinc 
Paracelsus 1. 23, 1 will divest all fear. ; 

4. Law. To take away (property, etc., vested in 
any one) ; to alienate, convey away; =])EVEST 5. 

(1574-1848: see Drvest 5.] 1789 Durnford & East's 
Law Rep. 111. 467 The assignees putting his mark on them 
could not divest the consignors right. 1818 Cruise Digest 
(ed. 2) xxxv. xiii. § 5 No estate or interest can be barred by 
a fine, unless it is divested out of the real owner, either 
before the fine is levied, or by the operation of the fine 
itself. 1845 SteeneN Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) I. 145 The 
property of a bankrupt is..made liable to be divested from 
him and distributed. 

© catachr. To vest, invest. 

1638 Sir ‘TV. Hexsert 77av. (ed. 2) 343 When Apollo 
divests himselfe in his most ardent splendour. a 1662 
Hevun Hist. Preshyt. (1670) 333 That authority which was 
divested by God in His Majesty's person. 

Hence Dive'sting vé4/. sb., Dive'sted ff/. a. 
The latter is found loosely used for: Devoid of.) 

171z Pripeaux Direct, Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 80 This would 
he a Divesting of themselves. 1742 Mem. Lady H, Butler 
II. 184, 1.. was entirely divested of the vanity of wishing to 
shine in borrowed ornaments. 1815 W. H. IReLanp 
Scribbleomania 308 note, By no means divested of a literary 
talent at retort. 

+ Dive:st, pa. pple. Short for DIVESTED. rare. 

a1679 Lp. Orkery //erod Gt. iv, As those who bore them 
..Seem'd, by their Looks, of more than Life divest. 

Dive'stible, 2. rave. [f. Divest v.: see -BLE.] 
Capable of being divested. 

1648 Boye Seraph. Love i, (1700) 2 Liberty being too 
high a Blessing to be divestible of that nature by circum- 
stances, eet 

Dive'stitive, «. [f.as next: see -1vE.] Hay- 
ing the property or function of divesting. 

180a-12 Bentuam Ration. Fudic. Evid. (1827) 1. 43 
Ablative, or say divestitive facts. 1832 Austin Veris, ”. 
(1879) IL. lv. 914. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Introd. (ed. 2) 3 
Title..is a fact Investitive or Divestitive of Rights and 
Obligations. | F P 

vestiture (dive-stitiiiz, dai-). Also 7 de-, 
[f. mod.L. divestit- ppl. stem of divestire to Di- 
vest: cf. zzvestiture, and see -URE. Cf. F. déves- 
titure.| The act of divesting. 

1. Deprivation of a possession or right; dispos- 
session; alienation: see DIVEST 2, 4. 

r60r Br. W. Bartow Defence Aiij b, By the divestiture of 
the accusers from their places. ps ba Br. Hatt Efise. u. 
xv, He is sent away without remedy with a devestiture 
from his pretended orders. 1794 Mrs. Piozzi Synon. 1. 146 
Proud honour that shrinks from the idea of divestiture. 
1883 Lp. Craicuiit in Law Rep. 9 App. Cases 312/2 ‘There 
was only a conditional divestiture of the truster, 

2. Putting off of clothing ; also fig. 

1820 Lama /ia Ser. 1. Christ's Hosp. 35 Years Ago, The 
effect of this divestiture. 1875 Licurroor Comm, Cod. ii. 
15 The awéxdvors..is a divestiture of the powers of evil, 
a liberation from the dominion of the flesh. 

[f Divesr 


Divestment (dive'stmént, doi-). 
+ -MENT.] The action of divesting or state of 
being divested ; divestiture. F 

(1647 see Devestmenr. 1664 H. More Ayst. /nig. 407 
‘Their Devestment of all Political Power.) 1756 Rictarpson 
Corr, (1804) Il. 92. a1831 A. Knox Rem. (1844) 1. 99 ‘The 
Apostle .. would that we have poverty amidst our riches, 
and divestment in the midst of our possessions. M, J. 
Rovtn in Burgon Lives 12 Gd, Men (1888) I. 101 To effect 
the divestment of a body thus bound. 


552 


Divesture (dive'stii, dai-\, 5d. [f Divesr + 
-URE: cf, also DevesturE.] ‘The act of divesting ; 
putting or stripping off; unclothing ; divestiture. 

1648 Boye oa Love iv. (1660) 27 When their dives- 
ture of Mortality dispenses them from those. . Duties. 

Ess. Soe. Subj. 150 Hasty divesture of prejudice. 

So Dive'sture v., to strip of a vesture, unrobe. 

1854 Syp. Dosett Balder xxiii. 117 Dethroned, dis- 
crowned, divestured. 

Divet, var. of Divor. 

Divi, colloq. abbreviation of DIvIDEND; see 
also Divvy. Divice, obs. form of Devicg. 

+ Divi-ciate, v. Ods. rare. [f Dr-! or ? DE- + 
L. witiadre (viciare) to spoil, injure, mar, f. vifium 
blemish.] ¢vans. To corrupt, defile.’ 

¢1470 Harpinc Chron. cvu. vii, The women euer they 
diuiciate In euery place. 

Dividable (divai-dab’l), a. 
-ABLE.] 

1. Capable of being divided ; divisible. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay vi. 72 God. .is one in himselfe, 
and in no part diuidable. 1628 Coxe On Litt, 1. 386, 
Lands in the County of Kent, that are called Gauelkinde, 
which lands are diuidable betweene the brothers. «177 
Z. Pearce Serm. (1779) I. ii. (R.), To make them had 
and not easily dividable. 1890 J//ustr. Lond. News 20 
Sept. 363/3 All that comrades had. .was equally dividable. 

+2. Having the function of dividing. Ods. 

1606 Suaxs. 77. §& Cr. 1. iii, 105 Peacefull Commerce 


[f. Divipe v. + 


| from dividable shores. 


Hence Divi‘dableness, divisibility. 

1674 R. Goprrrey /ny. & Ab. Physic 36 Denying the 
dividableness of Mercury. 

Dividant, var. of Divinent, Ods. 

Divide (divoi'd), v. Also 4-6 di-, dy-, devyde, 
dyvide, 4-7 devide, 5 Sc. dewyd(e, dewid. 
[ME. de-, dividen, ad. L. dividére to force asunder, 
cleave, apportion, distribute, separate, remove) : 
cf. It. dividere, Sp., Pg. dividir; F. has diviser 
(OF. deviser) + see DEVISE.] 

I. Transitive senses. 

1. To separate (a thing) into parts, or a number 
or collective body) into smaller groups; to split 
up, cleave; to break or cut asunder. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. ix. 65 (Camb. MS.) Thylke 
thing pat symply is o thing, with-owten any deuysyon, the 
errour and folye of mankynde departeth and deuydeth it. 
5 Wycuir 1 A ings iii. 25 Deuydith, he seith, the quyk 
child in two parties. ¢c1470 Henry Wallace 1x. 1046 Hys 
power sone he gart dewyd in twa. 1§79 Furke Heskins’ 
Parl. 158 We breake and deuide this holy breade. 1611 
Biste Dan. v. 28 Thy kingdome is diuided, and giuen to 
the Medes and Persians. 1712-14 Pore Kafe Lock i. 148 
‘The Peer now spreads the glitt’ring Forfex wide, T’inclose 
the Lock; now joins it, to divide. 178 Frul. U.S. Con- 
gress 17 July, If a question in a debate contains more 
parts than one, any member may have the same divided 
Into as many questions as parts, 1849 Macautay //ist. 
Eng. I. 552 Argyle divided his mountaineers into three 
regiments. ae 

b. 70 divide the hoof: to have divided or cloven 
hoofs. (A Hebraism of Scripture.) 

1382 Wyciir Lev. xi. 7 A sowe that al be it that sche 
dyuidith [1388 departith] the clee, she chewith not kude. 
1611 Bie bid., The swine, though he diuide the hoofe 


| and be clouen footed, yet hee cheweth not the cud. 1674 


N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 3 All sorts of greater 
Fowl, viz. those who divide the Foot. 

c. To penetrate by motion through, pass through 
or across, ‘cleave’ ; also ¢ransf. to make (a path) 
through. (poet. and rhet.) 

1590 Spenser /’, Q. 1. xi, 18 He .. with strong flight did 
forcibly divyde The yielding ayre. 18g ‘Tennyson Mand 
1. i. 16, I heard The shrill-edged shriek of a mother divide 
the shuddering night. 1872 Spurcron Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixvi. 
6 To divide a pathway through such a sea. 

+d. To determine, decide. Ods. rare. 

1596 Datrympcetr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vin. (1890) 74 The 
Erle Douglas..bidis outher 3eild him selfe, or the morne 
diuyde it with the sworde. : 

To separate into branches ; to cause to ramify. 

c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 26 Pat be spirit of lijf my3te 
brou3t bi hem to al pe bod pese arteries ben Gevyded many 
weiss. /bid. 158 Pis veyne. .strecchib to be vttere partie of 
pe schuldre & is dyuydid. 16g9 B. Harris Parival’s 
/ron Age 165 This Fort stood upon a point, which divided 
the Rheyn into his or Branches. 1853 Ne Grin- 
nell Exp. |. (1856) 478 The rod or staff is divided at right 
angles in two pieces. : 

3. To separate or mark out (a continuous whole) 
into parts (in fact, or in thought); to make to con- 
sist of parts, or to distinguish the parts of. Said 
of a personal agent, or of a line or boundary; usu- 
ally with the number of parts specified. Most freq. 
in fass.; sometimes referring chiefly to condition, 
and so nearly = to consist of (so many) parts. 

cr Wveiir Sed. Wks. IL. 407 Crist devydip al man- 
kynde in pre partis. c1400 Lan/franc’s Cirurg. 108 Dyuers 
men..dyuyden be brayn panne diuerslych ; summen noum- 
bren mo boonys pan summe opir speken of. 1450-1530 J/yrr. 
our Ladye 3'Vhys boke ys deuyded in to thre partes. = 
Jicrogr. Pref. Fb, A Ruler divided into inches ai 


Hooke 

small 1667 Mitton 7. L. 1v. 688 Thir songs Divide 
the night, and lift our thoughts to Heaven. 77 J. Rams- 
DEN (th) Description an Engine for dividin; 
Straight Lines on Mathematical Instruments. 1797 Zcycé. 
Brit. U1, 43 Barry-Pily, is when a coat is divi y several 


lines drawn obliquely from side to side. 1838 Lge? Cycl. 
XI. 338/1 Graduation is the name commonly app! to 


DIVIDE. 


the art of dividing ne see anton ical inst 
ments, ENNYSON Ex. A ttle garden 
round it ran a walk Of shingle, and & walk divided it. 

b. Billiards. To distinguish (the ball) into dis- 
tinct parts or points to be aimed at. 

1856 Crawtey Billiards (1859) 44 The old and more 
usual oe is to divide the object ball. . striking your 
own ae oda oe: by Go ae stroke inl re- 
verse is adopted, ai ivide your own 
strike the object Tall full. Se bre = 


4. To separate into classes; to distinguish the 
kinds of; to class, classify. +b. Formerly, in 
scholastic use, To draw distinctions with regard 
to; also abso/.: =Distineuisn 4b, 8. ~ 

1ssx T. Witson Logike (1567) 15a, I would diuide this 
worde Canis into a ge, a fishe of the sea, and a 
starre in the Elemente, thus might I saie, Cavis is either 
a Dogge that liueth vpon the yearth, or a fishe, [etc.]. 
Ibid. 50 b, Comparations are deuided twoo maner of wayes, 
for, either thei equall, or not equall. @1763 SueNsToNe 
Ess, 225 Mankind, in general, may be divided into persons 
of understanding, persons of genius. 1845 R. W. 
Hamitton Pop. Educ. ii. (ed. 2) 37 We commonly divide 
the people into agricultural and manu: uring. 

5. To separate (a thing) from something else, or 
(things) from each other ; to cut off, sunder, part. 

¢1380 Wyciik Wks. (1880) 426 If pe pope & alle his clerkis 
weren dyuydid fro cristis chirche. 1382 — 2 Saw. i, 23 
Saul and Jonathas loueli..in deeth thet ben not deuydide. 
1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliii. (1482) 293 The kyng made 
hem to goo out of the feld at ones, and so they were deuyded 
of hyr bataylles. 158r Sipney A fol. Poetrie (Arb.) 42 The 

ople..had..deuided themselues from the Senate. 1634 
prices Comus 279 Could that divide you from near- 
ushering guides? 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind, 16 
The sick were divided from the rest. 1856 Emexson Eng. 
Traits, Land Wks. (Bohn) 11. 18 The sea which ., divided 
the poor Britons utterly from the world. 

b. To separate mentally, distinguish from. rare. 

1859 Tennyson Geraint § Enid 686 Enid. .all confused 
at first, Could scarce divide it from her foolish dream. 

6. To separate or mark off (a thing) from some- 
thing adjacent, or (adjacent things or parts) from 
one another; to establish or constitute a boundary 
between. (Said of a personal agent, or of the 
boundary, etc.) //t. and fig. 

1382 Wycur Gen. i. 4 God..deuydid lizt fro derknessis. 
Jbid. 6 Be maad a firmament in the myddel of watres, and 
dyuyde it watres fro watrys. 1 ena Conf. III. 86 
Thue danz Aristoteles These t sciences [ jue, 
rhetorique, practique] hath devided. ¢1gx0 More Picus 
Wks. 19/2 The partes & lots of enheritances were of old time 
met oute & deuided by cordes or ropes. Litacow 7rav. 
ut. 95 A partition wall .. dividing the little roome from the 
body of the Chappell. 1732 Pore ss. Man 1.226 What thin 
partitions Sense from Thought divide. Tennyson Jn 
Mem, x\vii. 6 Eternal form shall still divide The eternal 
soul from all beside. zs 

7. To separate (persons) in opinion, feeling, or 
interest ; to cause to disagree, set at variance, pro- 
duce dissension in or among ; to distract or perplex 
(a person) by conflicting thoughts or feelings. 

Pe #3 he ing ag = 5 Va — ordris te 

ividid in per love. SowER Conf. 1.7 
diuided, In stede of Pein hate guided. 1526-34 t INDALE 
Luke xii. 52 Ther shalbe five in one housse devided, thre 
— two, and two Sys thre. 16g0 T. Blaytey] 
Worcester’s (jm 7 The Marquess, was much divided 
within himself. x Butter Anadé. u. viii. Wks. 1874 1. 
300 Men are divi in their opinions, whether our pleasures 
over-balance our pains, 1831 Brewster Netfon (1855) Il. 
xxi. 255 The fluxionary controversy had at this time begun 
to divide the mathematical world. 

8. To distribute among a number; to deal out, 
dispense. Const. +40 (obs.), among, between. 

1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. xix. 210, Twill dele..& ne SY 

To alkynnes creatures, ¢1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel. 
ks. II. 190 Crist..wolde not juge ne devide herit 
among men. ¢1470 Henry Wadi x. 995 ‘The castellis 
off Scotland King Eduard haill has tane in his awin hand: 

Deuidyt syn, to men that he wald lik. 1526-34 Tinpae 
1 Cor. xii. 11 The pee RE devydynge to every man 
severall gyftes, even as he will. 1651 Honses Leviath, 1. 
xxxvi, 230 God divided the land of Canaan amonese oe 
Israelites, 1710 PRiDEAUX Orig. Tithes iii. 145 The Minis- 
ters, had their Stipends divided to them out of these Offer- 
ings. 1849 Macautay /ist. Eng. 1. 319 Of the rent, a large 
proportion was divided among the country gent 

b. To take or have a portion of (something) 


along with another or others; to share. 


1526 Tinpace Lwvke xii. 13 M bid my brother deuid 
the enherytaunce with me. Suaks. 1 en. VJ, 1. vi. 
18 Tis Ioane, not we, by whom the day is wonne, For 


which, I will diuide my crowne with her. ¢ 1630 Mitton 
hereal 


Passion i, Erewhile of music and et! mirth.. My muse 
with angels did divide to sing. DrypeN Alexander's 
Feast 168 Let old Timotheus yee the prize, Or both divide 
the crown, ‘Tennyson MWalking to the Mail 69 These 
two parties still divide the w f those that want, and — 
those that have. 


absol. 1607 Suaxs. Cor. 1. vi. 87 Make good this ostenta- 
tion, and you shall Diuide in all, with us, ; 

+e. To give forth in gots pacing pa ( 

Spenser Amoretti vi, When it once 

doth ‘diuide Great heat. a Watrer Her Chamber 

Poems (1893)26 While she. .like bus so divides her light, 
And warms us, that she stoops not from her height. ' 

+d. To assign severally to different places or 


posts ; to allocate. Obs. ; 
1600 E. Buounr tr. Conestageio 335 To devide the soul- 
diers and munition into their se i 1700 S. L. tr. 
Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 124 There Men are all divided, so 
many to each Boat, and so they go to the Oyster- Banks. 


DIVIDE. 


1718 Watts Ps. 1, (L. M.) v, The dreadful judge with stern 
command Divides him toa different place. : 

e. Todistribute (attention, etc.) between different 
objects ; to direct to different things. 

1611 SuHaxs. Wint. T. 1. iv, Me thinkes I see Leontes .. 
ore and ore diuides him, "T'wixt his vnkindnesse, and his 
Kindnesse. 1737 Porr //or, Efist. 1. ii. 291, 1, who at some 
times spend, at others spare, Divided between carelessness 
and care 1814 Scorr Ld. of /sles wv. xxiii, The bell’s grim 
voice divides thy care, "T'wixt hours of penitence and prayer ! 
1842 ‘Tennyson Morte D’Arth. 60 Both his eyes were 
dazzled, as he stood, ‘This way and that dividing the swift 
mind, In act to throw. (Cf. Vircit 2x. Iv. 285.] 1860 
Tynpatt Glac. i, xi. 290 The guide’s attention had been 
divided between his work and his safety. 4 

9. Math. a. To divide a number or quantity dy 
another; to find how many times the latter is con- 
tained in the former; to perform the process of 
Division om. (Also adsol.) 

c 1425 Craft Nombrynge (E. E. T.S.) 25 Pou schalt deuide 
.. be noumbre .. by be neber figures. 1509 Hawes Past. 
Pleas. xv. vy, Who knewe arsmetryke in every degre.. Bothe 
to detraye and to devyde and adde. xr ReEcorDE G7. 
Artes 47. 1652 News fr. Low-Countr. 8 Podex can cast, 
can clear a summe, Adde, Multiply, Subtract, Divide. 1827 
Hutton Course Math. 1. 8, 8-4, denotes that 8 is to be 
divided by 4. f ne 

b. Of a number or quantity: To be a divisor or 
factor of (another number or quantity) ; to be con- 
tained an exact number of times in; to measure. 

1709-29 V. Manney Syst. Math., Arith. 4 A Number is 
said to measure a Number, when one so exactly divides the 
other, that nothing remains. J/od, 9 divides 36. 1+y 
divides x" +y" when x is odd. . 

+c. To take the difference of the terms of a given 
ratio, and make a new ratio by comparing this dif- 
ference with either term of the original one. O/s. 
The phrase ‘ by dividing’ is now expressed by the 
Lat. dividendo. See also Divmen 5. 

1726 tr. Gregory’s Astron. 1. 402 By compounding and 
ding them, you will have the Ratio of S4+5P to S?, 
and SA—SP to SP. athe : 

10. To part (a legislative assembly, etc.) into 
two groups which are counted in order to ascertain 
the number voting on each side of a question. Also 
absol. and intr, 

1554 Frul. Ho. Com. 19 Apr., I. 34 Upon the Question for 
the Bill, the House did divide. 1604 /did. 24 Mar., I. 152 
The Voice seeming doubtful, the House was divided. 
1647 Crarenvon Hist, Reb. 1v. § 52 The House being 
then divided upon the passing or not passing it, it was carried 
for the affirmative by nine voices and no more. a 1794 GIBBON 
(Webster 1828), The emperors sat, voted, and divided with 
their equals, 1801 G. Rose Diaries (1860) I. 335 Opposition 
were afraid to divide upon it. 1885 Manch. kxamnt.15 May 
6/2 The House. .divided, when Mr. Gladstone’s motion was 
carried by 337 to 38. Zod. The honourable member pro- 
ceeded amid cries of ‘Divide!’ ‘Divide!’ Mod. Mr. B, 
expressed his intention of dividing the House on the 
motion, 

+1L. Afus. a. trans. To perform with ‘divi- 
sions’; b, zr. To perform or execute ‘divi- 
sions’; to descant: see Diviston 7. Oés. 

1590 Spenser J’, Q. 1. v.17 Most heauenly melody About 
the bed sweet musicke did diuide. 1609 Ev. Woman in 
Hum, m, i. in Bullen O. P27. 1V, What heavie string doost 
thou devide upon? 1618 FLetcuer Loyal Suéj. u. ii, You 
will divide too shortly ; Your voice comes finely forward. 

12. Of a horse: (?) To distribute his legs and feet 
as they touch the ground; to keep them clear of 
each other in walking, trotting, etc. Also adsol. 

1 Bracken Farriery on (1757) II. 23 Howa Horse 
ought to devide his Legs. /did. 38 Horses that devide all 
four well. me The truest way to know whether he be 
a firm compact Nag, and divide well. 

II. Intrans. senses. (See also 4 b, 9, 10, 11b, 12., 

18. absol. To make separation or distinction 
(between). (In quot. 1377, To make distinctions, 
as in logic: =DisTineuisH 8; cf. Diviston 3, 6.) 

1377 Lanct. P. P2. B. xix. 234 Somme he tau3te..to 
dyuyne and diuide. 1382 Wyctir /sa. lix. 2 3oure wickid- 
nesses deuydeden betwe 3o0u and 30ure God. 1607-12 
Bacon £ss., pn fre Man's Self (Arb.) 182 Diuide 
with reason betweene Self-loue, and Society : and be so true 
to thy self as thou be not false to others, 1661 Cressy 
Refl. Oathes Suprem. § Alleg. 61 Justice requires that we 
should divide between the innocent and the guilty, 

14. intr. (for ref.) To become divided, undergo 
division ; to become separated into parts, or 
from something else or each other; to part; to 
cleave, break up, go to pieces ; to branch, ramify. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 14 Whan we come to 
the yeres of discrecyon, than we deuyde in two partes, two 
eompanyes & two wayes. 1593 Suaks. Lucr. 1737 Bub- 
bling from her breast, it [the blood] doth divide In two slow 
rivers. 1605 — Lear 1. ii. 15 Loue cooles, friendship falls 
off, brothers diuide. 1667 Mitton P. LZ, vi. 569 To Right 
and Left the Front Divided, and to either flank retir'd, 
1734 WATERLAND Script. Vind. ad fin. (T.), Commentators 
and criticks have divided upon this matter. 1855 TENNYSON 
Brook 73 Her hair In gloss and hue the chestnut, when the 
shell Divides threefold to show the fruit within. 1878 
Houxtey Physiogr. 144 [The river] divides and subdivides, 
till at last it is split up into a network of channels. 

b. Camb. Univ. : see DIVISION I c.. 

1797 Camb. Univ. Calendar 235 February ..23. Lent 
Term divides, 1895-6 did. October 1, Michesiams Term 
begins. Oct. 20, End of first quarter of Mich. Term. Nov. 
9, Michaelmas Term divides. Nov. 29, End of third 
quarter of Mich, Term, Dec. 19, Michaelmas Term 


“Vou, II, 


553 


Divi'de, s2._ [f. prec. vb.] 

1. The act of dividing, division : +a. Separation ; 
b. Distribution among a number of persons, 

1642 Preparative for Fast 4 This divide and scatter, if it 
be not prevented, will be no small curse. 1873 Contemp. 
Rev. XXI. 749 In these [friendly societies] .. the hope of 
a ‘divide’, as it is often termed, tends to keep up the figure 
of contributions. 1893 McCartuy Red Diamonds Il. 27 
hha is to be the big divide next New Year, but I shan’t 

In it. 

2. In U.S. and British Colonies: A ridge or line 
of high ground forming the division between two 
river valleys or systems; a watershed. 

a Pike Sources Alississ. 1. (1810) 136 Struck and passed 
the divide between the Grand river and the Verdegris river. 
1887 R. Murray Geol. & Phys. Geog. Victoria 6 The‘ Main 
Divide’ of Victoria, forming the watershed line between 
the Murray River system on the north, and the numerous 
streams debouching on the southern coast. x Century 
Mag. Mar. 771/t In central Colorado the ‘Continental 
Divide’ is a wilderness of desolate ee. 1893 SELous 
Trav. S. E, Africa 377, 1 could take the expedition. .along 
the great divide which forms the watershed. 

Divided, f//. a. [f. Diving v. + -Ep1.] 

1. Separated into parts. a. Split, cut, or broken 
into pieces; +incomplete, imperfect (quot. 1595). 

1565-73 Cooper 7hesaurus, Abscissus..deuided, broken. 
1595 SHAKS. Yohn 11. 439 And she a faire diuided excellence, 
Whose fulnesse of perfection lyes in him, 1831 Brewster 
Optics xiv. 113 A plate of glass covered with..dust in a 
finely divided state. oe 

b. Marked out into parts; marked by divisions, 
graduated ; consisting of distinct parts; in Zot. 
(of leaves, etc.) cut into segments. 

1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat, 1. (1677) 71 Divided-footed- 
Fowl. 1715 Desacutiers Fires [nipr. 95 A divided Box. 
1776 WitHERING Brit, Plants (1796) 1. 24 The Species are 
..arranged according as the Leaves are divided, or not 
divided. 1831 Brewster Oftics xxvii. § 131 A goniometer, 
or other divided instrument. 

+e. Said of the moon in the phase at which 
half the disk is illuminated ; =DicHoromizeD 2. 

1822 T. TayLtor Apuleius 292 [The moon] cornicular, or 
divided, or gibbous, or full. 

2. Separated from something else, or from each 
other ; situated apart ; separate. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. ii. 8 The Province of 
Britain in so divided a distance from Rome. 1677 Hae 
Prim, Orig. Man. u. iii, 140 Possibly the first divided King 
of Babylon was that Nabonassar. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late 
Voy. 1. (1711) 105 Those Birds that have divided Claws. 

b. Aus. Said of voices or instruments, usually 
in unison, to which independent parts are tempora- 
rily assigned in the course of a piece. 

1880 Strainer & Barrett Dict, Mus. Terms, Divisi, 
divided. A direction that instruments playing from one 
line of music are to separate and play in two parts. 

3. Separated in opinion or interest; discordant, 
at variance ; split into parties or factions. 

1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. iv. 244 He little thought of this 
diuided Friendship. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 129 The 
unstable vulgar ., whose divided tongues, as they never 
agree with each other; so seldome. .agree long with them- 
selves, 178x Gipson Decl. & F. III. xxx. 136 A divided 
court, and a discontented people. 1855 Macautay ///s¢, 
Eng. IV. 454 Divided and tumultuous assemblies. 1871 
Bracke Four Phases i. 113 Any charm that might save 
a jury from the pain of giving a divided verdict. 

4, Distributed or parted among a number of 
things or persons; directed to different objects. 

1607 Suaks. 77071. ii. 49 The fellow that..pledges the 
breath of him in a diuided draught. 1764 Gotpsm. Trav. 

15 Where beasts with man divided empire claim. c 1845 
é. Mackay Candid Wooing iii, Accept then a divided heart. 
1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. III. xii, 249 ‘The difficulties 
into which he was brought through this divided allegiance. 

+5. Math. Divided ratio: see DivipE v. 9c. 

1660 Barrow Exc/id v. def. 15, Divided ratio is when the 
excess wherein the antecedent exceeds the consequent, is 
compared to the consequent. 1827 Hutton Course Math. 
I. 325 Divided ratio, is when the difference of the ante- 
cedent and consequent is compared, either with the ante- 
cedent or with the consequent.—Thus, if 1 :2:: 3:6, then, 
by division, 2-1: 12:6~—3:3, and 2-1:2::6—-3:6. 

Dividedly, adv. [f. prec. +-ty2] Ina 
divided manner; separately, apart; in separate 
parts. 

1607 S. Cottins Sert. (1608) 2 Either iointly all at once, 
or diuidedly by th 1 1627 Lisand. Cad. v1. 100 
They .. went out after them, but dividedly, the better 
to finde them. 1678 Cupwortu Jxtel/, Syst. 783 (R.) If 
therefore, God be every where: it cannot possibly be, 
that he should possibly be so dividedly ; because then him- 
self would not be every where, but only a part of him here 
and a part of him there. 1867 Atwater Logic 168 The 
middle term is taken dividedly or distributively. 

tb. Math. By ‘dividing’ the ratio: see prec. 5. 

1706 W. Jones Syn. Palmar, Matheseos 70 lf A:a:: B:b, 
Then. .Dividedly, A-a:a::B—b:b. 1827 Hutton Course 
Math, \. 218 When four quantities, 2, av, 4, dr .. are pro- 
portional ; then. . Dividedly, a: ar-a::b:br—0. 

Divi-dedness. [f. as prec. + -nuss.] The 
fact or condition of being divided. . 

1656 Baxter Refd. Pastor (1862) 234 Our dividedness 
and unaptness to close for the work. 1871 H. B. Forman 
Living Poets 400 The failure .. has arisen from divided- 
ness of motive. 1877 E. Cairp Philos, Kant 1. xvi. 569 
Infinite dividedness..or composition which is not of simple 
parts. 

t+Di-vidence. 0ds. rare. [f. L. divident-em, 
pr pple. of dividére to Divine; prob. after It. 


. DIVIDEND. 


dividenza (Florio 1611).] The action of dividing ; 
division, 

1598 Florio, Partigione, a partition, a diuidence. 1611 
Tbid., Diuidenza, a diuidence, a distinction. 1603 — 
Montaigne 1. xxvii. (1632) 90 ‘This commixture, dividence, 
and sharing of goods. F 

Dividend (di:vidénd). Also 6-7 exron. divi- 
dente, -ent.  [a. F. dzvzdende, in sense 4 (1300 in 
Anglo-Fr.), ad. L. d7vidend-um (that) which is to 
be divided, absol. use of neuter gerundive of d7vi- 
dére to Divipg. In early use often erroneously 
dividente, divident (-end being an unusual, ard 
-ent a well-known ending), but in 17th c. conformed 
to the L. type. (The sense development is not 
clear, senses 3 and 4 being the earliest found.)] 

1. A/ath. A number or quantity which is to be 
divided by another. (Correlative to Divisor.) 

a. 1542 RecorDE Gr. Artes 126 b, Then begynne I at the 
hyghest lyne of the diuident, and seke how often I may 
haue the diuisor therin. 1608 R. Norton Stevin's Disme 
Bij, The number to be diuided (or diuident) and the number 
to diuide (or diuisor). 

B. 1557 Recorve Whetst, Zj, I see noe soche denomina- 
tion in the diuidende, 1594 BLUNDEVIL /xerc. 1. v.(ed.7) 14 
Chel a ee (9. the quotient.) 1674 Jeake Avith. 
(1696) 31 Proceed as before to the end of the Dividend. 
1806 Hutron Course Math. 1. 16 ‘The usual manner of 
placing the terms, is, the dividend in the middle, having 
the divisor on the left hand, and the quotient on the right, 
each separated by a curve line. ¢ 1865 Circ. Sc. I. 437/1. 

A sum of money to be divided among a num- 
ber of persons; esf, the total sum payable as interest 
on a loan, or as the profit of a joint-stock company, 
divided periodically among the holders (usually 
reckoned at a certain rate per cent.) ; also, the 
sum divided among the creditors of an insolvent 
estate. Zo declare a dividend: DECLARE v. 5 d. 

1623 W. Scrater Quaest. Tythes Revised 152 Will you 
mooue doubt whether Tithes entered the common Diuidend ? 
1643 Mitton Soveraigne Salve 11 Profits and emoluments 
accrewing may make a dividend sufficient to draw to some 
unjustact. 1684 Loud. Gaz. No. 1948/4 The Creditors of 
Benjamin Hinton... are desired to meet... to receive an 
Accompt of their Trustees, and to advise of a Divident. 
1710 Lond, Gaz, No. 4744/3 Warrants for the said Divi- 
dend will be delivered. 1776 Apam Smitu W. N. (1869) 
I. 11. ii. 320 For some years past the Bank dividend has been 
at five and a half per cent. 1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ. u. x. 
(1876) 271 Two-fifths of these profits form a fund from which 
the annual dividend on capital is paid. 

3. ¢ransf. A portion or share of anything divided ; 
esp. the share (of anything divided among a num- 
ber of persons) that falls to each to receive or pay. 
ta. gen. Obs. exc, as fig. from b. 

a. 1477 Norton Ord. Adch.vi.in Ashm. (1652) 97 Another 
Furnace .. serving for Seperation of dividents. 1563-70 
Foxe A. & M. (1583) 116 What portions or diuidentes 
ought to be made thereof. /did, 1513 The Kings subsidie 
.. 1s committed vnto me in the Kings Roll a whole Summe 
in grosse, to be receyued of the Canons Residentiaries for 
their Diuident, who .. cannot agree in deuiding. 1593 
Nasue Christ’s 7.81 Security the last deuident of Deli- 
cacy, it [sloth] includeth in it. 166x J. Stepnens /’vo- 
curations 108 Which otherwise rested upon the Priest or 
Clerks of that Church to do from the allotted divident. 

B. 1600 Hottanp Livy xxx. xlvi. 850 The financies and 
revenues .. were shared out in dividends between some 
certaine of the head citizens. 1670 Narporoucu JruZ. in 
Ace. Sev, Late Voy, 1. (1711) 28 Divided all things equally 
.. the Boys Dividend being as large as my own. 1779-81 
Jounson L. P., Waller Wks. I1. 264 The Panegyrick upon 
Cromwell has obtained .. a very liberal dividend of praise. 
1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xx. i. 266 
What proportional dividend of man is a Stay maker ? 

b. spec. The portion of interest on a loan, or 
rofit from a joint-stock company, received by an 
individual holder as his share; the amount received 
by an individual creditor from an insolvent estate. 

1690 Lond. Gaz. No. 2596/4 Sir Edward Dering Deputy- 
Governor of the Hudsons Bay Company .. Presented to 
his Majesty a Dividend in Gold, upon His Stock in the 
said Company. 1827 Jarman Powedl’s Devises (ed. 3) I. 
337 A testatrix gave to trustees certain bank stock, upon 
trust to pay the dividends to her daughter M. for life. 1884 
Actanp & Jones Working Men Co-operators iii. 32 It is on 
the amount of her purchases at the shop that her dividend 
or share of profits is declared, 

+4. The action of dividing among a number of 
persons; distribution (es. of profits, or assets.) Obs. 

[1300 Act 28 Edw. J, Super Cartas ii, Et des choses issint 

r eus prises., soit faite dividende entre les prenours & 
es gardeins des feires.] p : 

a, 1535 Latimer Mruit/. Sern. i. Eph. vi. 1o By these 
meanes a diuident [ed. 1635 devision] of the spoyle was 
made, 1570 Levins Manip. 67/32 A diuident, diucdentia, 
1634 in 42h Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 126/2 The divident of 
corne is managed according to the ancient custome. 

B. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. \xvii. (1739) 165 
Paying the Debts, and making Dividend of the overplus 
into the reasonable parts. 1675 Art Contentm. 1x. iii, 224 
If there were a common bank made of all mens troubles, 
most men would rather chuse to take those they brought, 
then to venter upon a new dividend. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. 
Boyle 292 So we resolv’d to steer for Zant..and there make 
Dividend of our Prize Money and Goods. 

5. attrib. and Comb. Dividend warrant, the 
documentary order or authority on which a share- 
holder receives his dividend. 

1716 Lond. Gaz. No, 5479/4 Lost ..a Dividend Warrant 
on the South Sea Company. 1860 4// Year Rowe 54. 


DIVIDENT. 


88 He might be seen at the Bank of England about Divi- 
dend times, 1884 //arfer’s Mag. May 897/2 The dividend 
warrants are sent. . by post. 

+ Di-vident, a. and sd. Also 7 -ant. [ad. L. 
divident-em, pr. pple. of dividére to DivivE.] 

A. adj. 1. Dividing; distributive. 

1660 Burney Kepd. Awpov Ep. Ded. (1661) 4 ‘The divident 
and impartial justice of our Sovereign Lord. 

2. Divided, separate. (In Shaks. divi-dant.) 

1607 SHaks. Jin 1. iii. 5 Twin'd brothers of one 
Wombe, Whose procreation. .and birth Scarse is diuidant. 

B. sb. One who or that which divides ; some- 
thing that separates or forms the boundary between 
two regions, etc. ; in Avzth. = DIvIsor. 

1450 Chester P/. ii. 19 Now will I make the fyrmament.. 
for to be a divident to twyne the waters aye. 1513 Brap- 
suaw St. Werburge 1. 249 This Offa..made a depe dytche 
for a sure dyuydent Bytwene Englande and Wales. 1571 
Dicces Pantom. 1. xviii. E iv b, Multiply the third distance 

the second, and the product diuide by your diuident or 
diuisor. ee rd J. Harrincton Oceana (1700) 7, ‘ Divide’, 
says one [girl] to the other, ‘and I will chuse’. . The divident, 
dividing unequally, loses, in regard that the other takes the 
better half; wherefore she divides equally. 

Divident, -e, frequent early f. DivIDEND, q.v. 

Divider (divaitdo:). [f. Divipe v. + -ER!.] 
One who or that which divides, in various senses. 

1. One who or that which separates a whole into 


.parts or portions. 

1591 Percivat Sf, Dict., Ochavero, a deuider into eight 
parts, 1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1, ix, 78. 1674 JossELYN 
Voy. New Eng. 54 The Sun and Moon..the dividers of 
time into dayes and years. 1774 //ist. in Ann. Reg. 2/2 
The dividers of Poland. 1862 is Hart Hindu Philos. Syst. 
*¥ Two several dividers of intelligence. 

. One who distributes, a distributor; one who 
shares something with another. 

1526-34 Tinpate Luke xii. 14 Who made me a iudge or 
a devider over ydu? 1587 GotpinG De Mornay i. 3 There 
is a devider or distributer of these things. 1802 Node 
Wanderers 11, 88 Roused from the stupor of her affliction 
by this little divider of her cares. 

3. One who makes philosophical distinctions 
(cf. DivIDE v. 4b); one who classifies. Ods. 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. xiii. 2 Plato .. compareth 
inartificial dividers to bungling cookes, who in stead of 
artificiall carving, use rudely to breake and dismember 
thinges. 1610 Heacey St, Aug. Citie of God Vi, ii. (1620) 
227 Who was euer a more curious inquisitor of thes¢ things 
..a more elegant diuider, or a more exact recorder? 

4. One who or that which disumites, separates, 
or parts ; a causer of dissension or discord. 

1643 Mitton Divorce u. xxi, Hate is of all things the 
mightiest divider. xt Swirt Drapier's Lett. iv, aes, 
the great divider of the world, hath..been the great uniter 
of a most divided people. 1870 H. Macmitian Bible Teach, 
Xv. 295. 1871 Patcrave Lyr. Poems 56 They swear that 
death the divider Shall only unite them nore. 

+5. Aritth. =Drvisor. Obs. rare. 

1797 Monthly Mag. 130 By my method of dividers, other 
ented might have been assumed for the value of y. 

6. pi. a. Dividing compasses; a kind of com- 
passes worked by means of a screw fastened to 
one leg and passing through the other; used for 
measuring or setting off very small intervals. b. 
A simple pair of compasses with steel points. 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 316 You may in small Quad- 
rants divide truer and with less trouble with Steel Dividers, 
(which open or close with a Screw for that purpose,) then 
you can with Compasses. 1875 Beprorp Saslor's Pocket- 
ok, v. (ed, 2) 195 Chart, scale, and dividers. 1879 Casse//'s 
Techn. Educ, 1. 12 Compasses which have both points of 
steel are called ‘dividers’, 188r A/etal World No. 14. 
218 A pair of 44 in. or 5 in. plain dividers, or what are 
called hair dividers, 

_ 1. Farming. (See quot.) 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Divider (Husbandry), the 
prow or wedge-formed piece on a reaping-machine, which 
divides the grain to be cut from the standing grain, 

8. Mining. pl. Timbers or scantling put across 
a shaft to divide it into compartments: also called 
buntons. (Raymond Mining Gloss. ‘ 

Dividing (divoi-din), v/. sd. [f. Drvipe v. + 
-InG!,]_ The action of the verb Divine ; division. 

1526-34 Tinvace /7¢é. iv. 12 Even vnto the diuidynge a 
sonder of the soule and the sprete. 1663 Gernier Counsel 
Cija, Their Jurisdiction extends as far as the deviding of 
the Seas neere Rochel. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. vi. 
124 That there might be no dispute about dividing. 1882 
Garden 4 Feb. 86/3 Alocasias. . bear dividing freely. 

Dividing, ///.a. [f. as prec. + -IN@ * 5 That 
divides, in various senses ; that cleaves into parts; 
+ ‘running divisions’ in singing (quot. 1639; see 
Division 7); that separates regions, parts, etc. 

Now often written with hyphen in certain phrases or 
combinations, as dividing-line, -point, where it may be 
taken as the 7d/. sb. used attrib, Dividing-engine, a 
machine for graduating or dividing a circle into a number 
of equal parts, or for cutting the circumference of a wheel 
into a number of teeth. Dividing ridge= Divine sé. 2. 

3620 QuarLes Yonah (1638) 34 Horrid — of heavens- 
dividing thunder. a1 Cakew Poems Wks. (1824) 129 
In your sweet dividing throat, She [the nightingale] winters 
ond keepes warme her note. 1807 P. Gass ¥rui. 237 We 
came to the dividing ridge between the waters of the Mis- 
souri and Columbia. Penny Cyct. X1, 338/1 The in- 
yention by Ramsden of his dividing engine. bid. 338/2 
The divi a employed by Gi was the m- 
com) 1 'e; Martineau £ss. I. 251 The true divid- 
ing-line. 1874 KniGur Dict. Mech.s.v., Ramsden’s circular 

dividing-engine consisted of a large wheel moved by 


554 


a tangent screw. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch § Clockm. 
88 [A] Dividing plate..[is] the circular brass plate in a 
wheel-cutting engine, in which holes are drilled as a regis- 
ter for the proper division of the 1 teeth. 

Hence Divi'dingly adv., so as to divide. 


1580 Hottyeanp Teas. Fr. Tong, Divisément, diuidingly, 


separately. 1847 in Craic. — 5 a 

|| Divi-divi (di-vidi-vi). [The native Galibi or 
Caribname.] The commercial name of the curled 
pods of Cxsalpinia coriaria, a tree found in tropi- 
cal America and the West Indies ; they were intro- 
duced to Europe from Caracas in 1768, and are 
highly astringent, and much used in tanning. Also 
the tree itself. b. The similar pods of C. ténctoria 
used in Lima for making ink (Cent. Dict.). 

[1763 Jacquin Stirp. Amer, Hist. 124 Legumina .. ab 
Hispanis et barbaris..nuncupata 1167 didi, 1832 G. Don 
Dichlamydeous Pl. 1. 432 Libidibi is the name of the 
legume at aces ery | ag , towel Frnl. Il. 600 
Divi-divi, imported from ay is the pod of a legu- 
minous shrub. 1 Linptey Veg. Kingd. 550 In the 
Dividivi or Libidibi pods..we have one of the most astrin- 
gent of known substances. 

Dividual (divi-diwal), a. (sd.)  [f. L. dividu-us 
divisible, separated + -aL.] 

1. That is or may be divided or separated from 
something else; separate, distinct, particular. 

1598 Fiorio, Dinisib/e, separable, diuiduall. 1612 Two 
Noble K. 1. iii, The true love ‘tweene — and mare may 
be More then in sex dividual [fzinted individual ed 
Mitton P. ZL. xu. 85 True Liberty..which always with 
right reason dwells Twinn'd, and from her hath no dividual 
Being. 1740 Waxsurton Div. Legat. vi. vi, The two 
..scarce dividual. 1836 Blackw. Mag. XL. 536 A union 
of the mind’s dividual acts. 1856 T’. Airp Poet. Wks. 147 
‘The Seasons. .Come and go with sweet dividual change. 

2. Capable of being divided into parts, divisible ; 
divided into parts, fragmentary. 

ax619 Foruersy A theom. 1. vii. § 1 (1622) 50 Some make 
their god of Atomes, and individual moates; some of 


| diuidual numbers; as Epicurus, and Pythagoras. 16; 


| shew much variety of exercise, then 8..will 


| thousand lesser Lights dividual holds. 


(see DivinEa.) +-FY.] trans. Toraise to 


3arRiFFE Mil. Discip. iv. (1643) 13 Where any one would 
i the more 
pliant and dividuall number [of soldiers]. a 1650 May Satir. 
Puppy (1657) 10. 18.. Lower Ambrose Poet. Wks. (1879) 
772 ‘Believest thou then’. . Cried he, ‘a dividual essence in 
Truth?’ 

3. Divided or distributed among a number; 
shared, participated, held in common. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. vu. 382 The moon..her reign With 
1735 H. Brook 
Univ. Beauty w. 132 While thro’ the pores nutritive por- 
tions tend, Their equal aliment dividual share. 1828 Core- 
Brooke Odligat, & Contracts 1, 141 The rule holds when 
the obligation is dividual. i: 

B. sb. Obs. 1. That which is dividual ; some- 
thing divided or capable of being divided. 

1668 H. More Div. Diad. Schol. (1713) 553 This is that of 
Gregory Nazianzen, aueéprros ev penepiopevors 2 Oeorys, 
The Individual Divinity in Dividuals. 

2. Math. In the process of division: One of the 
several parts of the dividend, each of which yields 
successively one figure or term of the quotient. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn, 1706 Purvis (ed. Kersey), 
Dividuale (in Arithm.) is a Number in the Rule of Divi- 
sion, comprehending part of the Dividend distinguished by 
a Point; whereof the Question must be ask'd, How often 
the Divisor is contain’d in it? 1811 Sed/ /astructor 62 
A new dividend, or dividual, to work upon. 

Hence Divi‘dualism, Dividua‘lity (used as the 
opposites of individualism, individuality). 

1803 Syp. Smitn Wks. (1869) 23 The chances..do not 
depend solely upon their dividuality.- 1883 F. Gatton 
Hum. Faculty = Individualism is changed to dividualism 
Jbid, 207 Dividuality replaces individuality. 

Divi-dually, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] Ina 
dividual manner ; separately. 

Eart Mancu, Ad Mondo (1636) 6 Meditation is. .as 
hee that smells the Violet, the Rose, the Jessamie, and the 
Orenge flowers dividually.. But Contemplation is a water 
compounded of them all. 1805 Worvsw. Prelude xiv. 209 
They are each in each, and cannot stand Dividually, 1821 
Co.eripcE in Blackw., Mag. X. 247 We are compelled to 
express it dividually, as g of two correlative terms. 

Dividuity (dividigiti). rare. [ad. rare L, 
dividuitatem, n. of quality f. dividuus: see next 
and -1ry.] Dividuous quality or state. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dividuity, a division, also an 
aptness to divide. a 1834 CoLerincr Lit, Rem. (1838) Ill. 
108 This mysterious dividuity of the good and the evil will. 

Dividuous (dividiw,as), a. rare, [f. L. divi- 
du-us (see DIVIDUAL) + -OUS, 

1. Capable of being divided, divisible (= Drv1- 
DUAL 2); characterized by division. 

1766 G. Canninc Anti-Lucretius v. 397 The Mind, of 
separate parcels uncompos'd, Though in dividuous Body 
now inclos'd. ¢1800 Cot 7 homet, The rui 
river Shatters its waters abreast, and..Rushes dividuous. 
1820 Suetiey Ode to Liberty iv, The .. cloud-like moun- 
tains, and dividuous waves Of Greece, 

2. Separable, non-essential (= Divipuat 1). 

3816 CoLeripce Lay Serm. 343 The accidental and di- 
viduous in this quiet and harmonious object is subjected to 
the life and light of nature which shines in it. ¢ 

» v. Obs. rare. [f. L. divus ike 
rank 
of a divinity, invest with divine dignity, Derry. 
So + Divificartion, Ods. 

1615 Jackson Creed 1v, u. iv. $7 The divifications ascribed 


DIVINATORY. 


unto them, as their enrolments in the onsloges haar 
saints, adoration of relics, and the like. 1652 Sparke Prim, 
Devot. (1663) 4 [They] divifie such as never were holy men, 

Divinable, a. rare. [f. Divine v. + -ABLE.] 
Capable of being divined or conj 

1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 5 
finite, nor even divinable 

+ Di-vinail. és. 
-aile, -aille, -ayle, deuenayle. 
vinail, -al masc,, and devinaille, -nalle, -gnaillefem. 
(Godef.) a thing divined, a conjecture, prediction, 
Divination, repr. L. t *divinale sing., *divi- 
nalia pl., of divinalis : see next and -aL 4, 5.] 

1. Divining, soothsaying, divination. 

1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P53t Hem pat bilieuen in 
diuynailes fe rr. dyuynayles, ae -alis, divynailles, deue- 
nayles] as by flight or by noyse of briddes or of beestes. 
¢ 1430 LypG. Bochas u. xiii. (1554) 51 b, Her clerkes in theyr 
diuinayle Tolde it was token of seruage and trauayle. 1484 
Caxton Chivalry 87 The deuynaylles of them that by the 
cag of byrdes deuynen. 

. Something to be divined, a riddle. 

c Lypc. Bochas 1. ix. (1544) 18a, The serpent him.. 
would dana With a problem. .Called some men an 
uncouthe deuinaile. ¢1430 — 7hebes 1. (R.), To slea all 
tho..that did faile, To expoune, his misty deuinale. 1483 
Caxton G. de la Tour Gijb, Sayeng that they my3t not 
arede a certayne deuynal. 

ivi a. Obs. [ad. med.L. divinal-is, f. 
divin-us DIVINE: see -AL 3.] Pertaining to divi- 
nation ; divinatory, magical. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. 6 All these were Mynystris of God 
immortale, And had in theym no power dyuynall. 1g§03 
Hawes Examp. Virt. viii. (Arb.) 38 A myrrour of lernyn: 
that was dyuynall, 1§13 Douctas nets 1x. i. 52 Wyth 
wordis augurall, Eftyr thar spaying ceremonis diuynal. 

Divination (diviné'-fan). [a. OF. divination 
(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. divindtion-em, n. 
of action f. divindre to DIVINE. 

1. The action or practice of divining; the fore- 
telling of future events or discovery of what is 
hidden or obscure by supernatural or magical 
means; soothsaying, augury, prophecy. With a 
and Z/., an exercise of this, a prophecy, an augury. 

¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr.iv. 125 (Camb. MS.) Marchus 
tullius, whan he deuynede the dyuynaciouns, pat is toseyn 
in his he wroot ofdiuinaciouns. 1388 Wyciir Acts 
xvi. 16 Sum wenche hauynge a spirit of dyuynacioun. 1 
‘Trevisa Higden (Rolls) ILI. 57 Eiber seide pat [he] 

better dyuynacioun of foules [/elicius augurium]). 1555 

SneN Decades 309 To speke of thynges that shalbe, longe 
before they are, is a kynde of diuination. 1§79-80 Noxtu 
Plutarch (1895) 80 The flying of birds, which doe geue a 
happy divination to things to come. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. 
Sacr. u. iv. § 1 The Gentiles hearkend unto Oracles and Divi- 
nations. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 505 P 5 Among the man 
pretended arts of divination, there is none which so uni- 
versally amuses as that dreams. 1879 D, M. WALLACE 
Austra/as. vy. 103 Divination is made by examination of the 
state of the body internally. 

attrib, 1877 W. Jones Finger-ring 100 The annexed illus- 
trations, representing divination rings, are taken from Liceti. 

2. In a weaker sense: Prevision or guessing by 
happy instinct or unusual insight; successful con- 
Jecture or guessing. 

1597 SHaks. 2 Hen. /V,1.i. 88 Tell thou thy Earle, his 
Diuination lies. 1614 Raveicu Hist, World i. vii. § 5 
Whether he or they would have bin contented with an 
equall share..were perhaps a divi ary. 
Ken Serm. Dan. x. 11 Wks, (1838) 169 It was such divination, 
such sagacity as this which in’ to him {Daniel} all 
the dreams of human life. Emerson Eng. Traits, 
Lit, Wks. (Bohn) IL. 113 Ri Owen. .adding sometimes 
the divination of the old masters to the unbroken power of 
labour in the English mind. 

3. Rom, Law. (See quot. 1868.) 

1823 in Crane Technol, Dict. 1868 Smit Dict. Gr. § Rom. 
Antigq, s.v. Divinatio, If in any case two or more accusers 
came forward against one and the same individual, it was, 
as the ph A. Stead b Ase? . kh lA be the 


ravelling for no de- 


Also 4-5 de-, dy-, -al(e, 
a. OF. de-, di- 


course which they to take. 
q catachr. Divine condition or state, divinity. 
1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. 1327 Of some 
few. .came to participate the divination of the gods. 
Di-vinator. 00s. orarch. Also 7-our. [ad. 
L.divinator, -drem soothsayer, agent-n. from divin- 
dre to Divine: cf. F. divinateur.] One w 
divines ; a diviner, soothsayer. fest hed 
oa si Ctondie e tartans a@x610 HEALEY 
i elgg A EN a tan 
. x . 1 AV. . 
a divinatour. 1 URTON 


638 Of this number are all Superstitious I oe 
Sectaries and Scismatiques. — Science 
ASS. +» 


to Dee pra 
19 Dec. 5. n the leading Ly =f of Cam! 
divi has k years a large, business 
es abate eteied edtuianiian of his services. 
Divinato'rial, a. vare. [f. as next + -aL.] 
Conjectural. 
ary Parnison £ss. (1889) I. 167 Divinatorial criticism 
to work d j operat- 


has often undertah by conj 
ing upon collation of MSS. 

Divinatory (divinatdri), a. [f. L. type *a? 
vinatori-us, {. divinator-em : see DIVINATOR and 


-ory.] Pertaining to a diviner or to divination ; 
re divining. b. C 
r 


DIVINATRICE. 


commonly tearmed Diuinatorie Lots. 1664 Evetyn Sylva 

5 The use of the Hasel is .. for .. Divinatory Rods for the 
detecdl and finding out of Minerals, 1828 Miss Berry 
Soc. Life E: Fr. (1831) 395 A peasant of Burgundy... 
appeared with the exploded notion of the divinatory wand 
to discover hidden sources of water. 1838 Sir W. Hamitton 
Logic xxxiv. (1866) 11. 199 Here the conjectural or divina- 
tory emendation comes into play. 

+ Divinatrice, a. Ods. rare. [a. F. divina- 
trice, fem. of atvinateur, ad. L. divinatricem, fem. 
of divindtor: see above.] That divines, divining. 


1535 More Rueful Lamentacion(R.) Lo where to commeth 
thy blandishyng promyse, Of false astrology and diuinatrice. 


Divine (divain), a. and 5.1 Forms: 4-6 de- 
vin(e, de-, dyvyn(e, 5-6 divyne, Sc. de-, 
dywyne, 6dyvine, 7 divin, 4-divine. [ME. 
devine, divine, a. OF. devin (12th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), later divin :—L. divinus pertaining to a 
deity. In med.L. divinus bore the sense of theologus. 
OF. devin was the word of popular formation; 
divin was a learned assimilation to the ancient L. 
types which in F, became the accepted form for the 
jj. and in English for all senses: cf. Div1NE sd.“] 


1, Ofor pertaining to God or a god. 

€1374 Cuaucer Boeth, v. pr. ii. 118 (Camb. MS.) The 
speculacion or lookynge of the deuyne thoght. 1388 Wyciir 
Deut. i. 13 Zyue 3¢ of 30u men wise in dyuyn thingis. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3b, The diuyne nature or 
godhed. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. x.67 So darke are earthly 
things compar'd to things divine. x Mitton Areof. 
(Arb.) 5 Many. .complain of divin Providence for suffering 
Adam to transgresse. 1709 Pore /ss. Crit. 525 To err is 
human, to forgive divine. 1878 R. W. Date Lect. Preach. 
290 Divine acts are not less Divine because they do not 
happen to be recorded in the Canonical Scriptures. 

2. Given by or proceeding from God; having 
the sanction of or inspired by God. 

Divine right, a right conferred by or based on the ordin- 
ance or appointment of God. Divine right of kings, that 
ovary to the doctrine that (legitimate) kings de- 
rive their — rom God alone, unlimited by any rights on 
the part of their subjects. In English History, the phrase 
came into specific use in the 17th c., when oe claim was 
prominently made for the Stuart kings. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 67 By precept of the Messager 
diuyn. ¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1. i. 2 Dywyne Scrypture. 
¢ 1450 Henryson Jest. Cres. (R.) Ye gaue me ones a diuine 
responsaile That I should be the floure of loue in Troye. 
1567 Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 128 Quhome God did place 
be ordinance dewyne. a@1600 Hooker Lcc?, Pol. vin, ii. 
§ 6 Unto kings by human right, honour by very divine 
right, is due. 1625 Burces Pers. 7ithes 2 Whether Tithes 
be perpetually due to the Ministers of the Gospell by Diuine 
Right. 31642 Mitton Afol. Smect. ii. Wks. (1847) 85 The 
divine right of episcopacy was then valiantly asserted. 
op Const. § Canons i. Biv b, The most High and Sacred 
order of Kings is of Divine right, being the ordinance of 
God himself. 1742 Pore Dunc. 1v. 188 The Right Divine 
of nee to govern wrong. 1 Brackstone Comme. I. 
ili. 25, I will not put the title of the clergy to tithes upon any 
divine right, though such a right certainly commenced, and 
I believe as certainly ceased, with the yeoish theocracy. 
1835 J. Warerwortn Exam. Princ. Protestantism 95 Did 
this unrivalled Biblist acknowledge any writings as divine, 
which the Jews did not receive as canonical? 1865 SEELEY 
Lecce Homo iv. (ed. 8) 31 In obedience to an irresistible 
divine impulse, 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 63 The apolo- 
gies of Jesuit writers for the assassination of tyrants deserve 
an sige! place in the history of the doctrine of divine 
right. 

3. Addressed, appropriated, or devoted to God; 
religious, sacred. ; 

Divine service, the public worship of God, Divine office, 
thestated office or service of daily prayer; the canonical hours. 

1380 Wyciir Ws. (1880) 41 Do clerkis deuyn officis after 
pe ordre of pe holy Chirche of rome. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro. 
122 Fful weel she soong the seruice dyuyne. 1500-z0 
Dunpar Poems x. 27 Do 30ur obseruance devyne To him 
that is of kingis king. Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., The 
common prayers in the Churche, commonlye called diuine 
seruice. ¢x600 Suaxs. Sonn. cviii. 5 Yet, like prayers 
divine, I must each day say o’er the verysame. 1674 PLay- 
Forp Skill Mus. 1. 71 The Tunes of Psalms are of general 
use, all who are true Lovers of Divine Musick, will have 
them in estimation, 1682 Sroppon (¢i#/e) An Essay on 
a Question relating to Divine Worship. 1720 Warts (/i¢Ze), 
Divine Songs, attempted in easy language, for the use of 
children, 1848 Wuarron Law Lex., Divine Service, tenure 
éy, an obsolete holding, in which the tenants were obliged 
to do some special divine services in certain, as to sing so 
many masses, to distribute such a sum in alms, etc. 1880 
Dict. Chr, Antig. s.v. Divine office, Offices for the several 
hours of prayer, which together constitute the Divine Office, 
as distinguished from the eo 1889 Farrar Lives /a- 
thers, Ambrose, xv. § 3 11. 169 Theodosius .. as a peni 
. abstained from presenting himself at divine service. 

4. Partaking of the nature of God ; characteristic 
of or consonant to deity; godlike; heavenly, 
celestial. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. ii. 118 (Camb. MS.) Why in 
the ynes dyuynes sub , bat is to in spiritz, 
Iugement is moore cleere. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 167 Men 
saiden, that she was divine, And the ae age of sapience. 
1goo-20 Dunsar Poems xxv. 113 All the hevinly court 
devyne. 1594 Hooker Zcc/. Pod. 1. viii. §6 The diuiner 
part in relation vnto the baser of our soules. 1632 Mitton 
Penseroso 12 Hail, divinest Melancholy! Whose saintly 
visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. 1667 
—P. L, i, 40 Or flocks, or herds, or human face divine. 
1697 DrypENn Alex: Ss Feast 171 At last divine Cecilia 
came. 1850 Tennyson /# Men, Prol. iv, Thou seemest 
human and divine, The high holiest hood, thou. 
1882 Farrar Early Chr. 1. 97 The strains .. of divinest 
music in which the voice of inspiration died away. 


555 


+b. Immortal; beatified. Ods. 

1593 Suaks. Rich. L/, 1.i. 38 For what I speake, My body 
shall make good vpon this earth, Or my diuine soule answer 
itin heauen. 1632 Heywoop 2nd P+. [ron Age iw. Wks. 1874 
III. 409 Thou lyest downe mortall, who must rise diuine. 

5. In weaker sense ; More than human, excellent 
ina superhumandegree. a. Of persons: Of more 
than human or ordinary excellence ; pre-eminently 
gifted ; in the highest degree excellent. 

1552 Hutoet, Divine or immortall, xectareus. 1591 SHAKS. 
1 Hen. VJ, 1. vi. 4 Diuinest Creature .. How shall I honour 
thee for this successe? @1635 Corset Poems (1807) 18 
Nothing did win more praise .. Then did their actors most 
divine. 1680 Crowne JM/isery Civ. War Prol., For by 
his feeble skill ’tis built alone, The Divine Shakespear 
did not lay one stone. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 146 P 3 
‘The divine Socrates is here represented in a Figure worthy 
his great Wisdom and Philosophy. 1795-1814 Worpsw. 
Excursion 1. 250 That mighty orb of song, The divine 
Milton. aes Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 473 That would clearly 
contradict the divine Homer. 

b. Of things: Of surpassing beauty, perfection, 
excellence, etc. ; extraordinarily good or great. 
¢1470 Henry Wallace vi. 348 Thai..In cartis brocht thar 
purwiance dewyne. 1561 IT’. NortonsCalvin’s Just. 1. xiii. 
§ 9, I graunt..that oftentimes a thing is called Diuine or of 
God, that is notable by any singular excellence. 1592 
Suaxs. Row. §& Ful. m1. ii. 77 Beautifull Tyrant, fiend An- 
gelicall..Dispised substance of Diuinest show. 1655 H. 
VauGuan Silex Scint. 85 Blackness sits On the divinest 
wits. 1757 A. Coover Distiller 1. xlvii. (1760) 212 Recipe 
for a Gallon of Divine Water. 1818 La Belle Assemblée 
XVII. 40/6, I have had the divinest cornette sent me. 1826 
H. N. Coreriwce West Indies 147 ‘The champagne at 
eighteen dollars really divine. 1877 Kare THomrson Pudd. 
Pict. Gall. Rembrandt, The great master of the Dutch 
school .. preeminent by his wonderful and Divine talents. 

6. Connected or dealing with divinity or sacred 
things; sacred. Ods. or arch. 

1548 Haut Chron., Hen. VI (an. 9) 115b, All auncient 
writers, as well devine, as prophane. 1603 Owen Pem- 
brokesh. (1891) 235 A famouse Doctour of divinitie as 
appeareth by his devyne works. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 
1, Ded. § 2. 2 A rare Conjunction, as wel of divine and 
sacred literature, as of prophane and humaine. 1720 Watts 
Divine Songs Pref., This may sometimes give their thoughts 
adivineturn, and raise a young meditation. [1840 CarLYLE 
Heroes iii. (1872) 85, I give Dante my highest praise when 
I say of his Divine Comedy that it is..genuinely a Song.] 

+ 7. Foreboding, prescient. [a Latinism.] rave. 

1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 845 Yet oft his heart, divine of 
somthing ill, Misgave him, 

Comb., as divine-human, human and divine. 

1884 Chr. World 11 Sept.688/2 The animal-human is very 
obstructive to the Divine-human. 1892 Westcott Gosfel of 
Life 254 (Christianity]is summed up in the facts ofa divine- 
human life. 1893 Zadlet¢ g Dec. 933 The Divine-human 
Mediator in heaven. 

+ B. sd.1 Ods. 
F. original.] 

1. Divine service, 

1480 W201 of Vavesour(Comm. Crt. Lond.), To sing Devyne 
for my sowle. 1606 Sc. Acts Yas. V/ (1814) 327 (Jam.) Twa 
clerkis to serue in the divines within the College kirk of 
Creichtoun, 

2. Divinity, theology. 

1303 R. Brunne Handi, Synue 2890 Seynt austyn bat was 
aclerk of dyuyne. /did. 11411 A master of dyuyne. 1362 
Lanci, P. 22. A. Prol. 90 Bisschops Bolde and Bachilers of 
diuyn. c¢1400 Rom. Rose 6490, I wole fillen.. My paunche 
of good mete and wyne, As shulde a maister of dyvyne. 

3. Soothsaying; conjecture; Divination. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 282 Merlyn, in his deuyn, 
of him has said, Pat pre regions, in his bandons, salle be laid. 
— Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8092 On pis manere myghte Merlyn 
Be geten & born, by oure deuyn. 

4. Divine nature, divinity. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 132 Bachus .. Accordant unto his 
divine A prest..He had. 

Divine (divai-n), sd.2 Also 4-5 devine, -vyne, 
dy-. [a. OF. devi soothsayer (13th c. in Littré), 
also later devin, divin theologian (15th c. in 
Godef.) ; the former the popular descendant of L. 
divin-us soothsayer (become *devin-us in late L.); 
the latter repr. med.L. divinus doctor of divinity, 
theologian; both subst. uses of L. divinus adj. 
In both senses conformed in Eng. to the L. spelling.] 

+1. A diviner, soothsayer, augur ; a pang seer. 

13.. £. E. Allit. P. B. 1302 Dere Daniel also, bat watz 
deuine noble. 1340 Ayend. 1 a deuines and be wichen 
and pe charmeresses bet workep pe dyeules crefte. ¢1374 
Cuaucer 7voylus 1.66 A gret Deuyn pat cleped was Calkas 
: tt Troye sholde destroyed be By answere of 
his god. ¢1430 Lyne. Bochas u. i. (1554) 42 b, Saul had 
cast out all diuines From Israell, and eche diuineresse. 
1525 Lp. Berners /o/ss. 11. ccxx [ccxvi]. 680 note, Of these 
deuins, arioles, and charmers, there were certayne brente at 
Parys. 1577-87 Hounsuep Chron. I. 2/2 To deriue the 
name of their diuines called aot from him [Magus]. 

2. One who has officially to do with ‘divine 
things’; formerly, any ecclesiastic, clergyman, or 
priest ; now, one skilled in divinity; a theologian. 

©1380 Wyciir Ser. Sel. Wks. I. 376 Bastard dyvynes 
seien..pat bes wordis of Crist ben fals. 1388 — Bible Prol. 
xiii. 51 ee that schulden passe othere men in clen- 
nesse and hoolynesse. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7503 
He was a clerke and gude deuyne. 4 Suaks. Merch. 
V.1. ii. 16 It is a good Diuine that followes his owne 
instructions, 1662 GauDEN (¢it/e) The works of Mr. Richard 
Hooker, that learned godly judicious and eloquent Divine. 


1791 BosweLt Fohnson 30 Aug. an. 1780, He wrote a young 
cheques -. the following .. letter, which contains valu- 


[absolute uses of the adj., or its 


.. Knew wel 


DIVINE. 


able advice to Divines in general. 1847 Emerson Poems, 
Problem Wks. (Bohn) I. 401 ‘Taylor, the Shakespeare of 
divines. 1874 L. Sternen ours in Library (1892) I. ix. 
305 We see in him the gentle mystic rather than the stern 
divine. ; ae: 

+b. Applied to non-Christian writers on thco- 
logy, and to the priests of heathen religions. Ods. 

1387 ‘Trevisa //igdex (Rolls) III. 219 (Matz.) Among alle 
manere of philosofres bey pat were icleped deuynes [gai 
theologi vocabantur) bere pe prys. 1587 Gotpinc De Mor- 
nay x. 144 Pythagoras and all the old Diuines affirme, that 
God or the onely One is the beginner of all things, 16x 
Suaxs. Wint, 7. i. i. 19 The Oracle (Thus by Apollo's 
great Diuine seal’d vp). 

Divine (divain), v. Also 4-5 devine, -vyne, 
dyvine, -yne. [a. F. devine-r (12th c.) to re- 
count, signify, wish, prophesy, ad, L. divindre to 
foretell, predict, after devez divine : see prec.] 

I. Transitive senses. 

+1. To make out or interpret by supernatural or 
magical insight (what is hidden, obscure, or unin- 
telligible to ordinary faculties) ; hence, in later use, 
to interpret, explain, disclose, make known. Ods. 

13.. £. E. Adit. P. B. 1561 Pat con dele wyth demerlayk, 
& deuine lettres. 1362 Lanci. 2P. Pd. A. vin. 138 Daniel 
deuynede pe Dremels of a Kyng. 1393 /é¢d. C. 1.217 What 


“this metals by-meneb Diuine 3e. /é7d. xxu. 240 He tauhte.. 


somme to dyuyne and dyuyde, numbres tokenne. a@ 1400-50 
Alexander 1905 Now pou. .graithis me trouage, With all pis 
dignites be-dene pat I diuined haue. c1g500 Blowdsol’s Test. 
in Halliw. Nuge Poet. 5 Vhe cause why I shall to you 
devyne. @1625 FLretcuer Nice Valour 11.1, I can.. Divine 
my mind to you. 

. To discover or indicate by means of the di- 
vining rod. s072ce-205€. 

1890 Pall Mall G.9 June 6/3 The boy has now been en- 
gaged to go to Australia to ‘divine’ the underground water 
and minerals of its arid and auriferous regions. 

2. To make out by sagacity, intuition, or fortu- 
nate conjecture (that is, in some other way than by 
actual information); to conjecture, guess. 


ERSON IWrit. (1859) II. 37 He could not 

of this extraordinary change. 1847 Eemer- 
son Repr. Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 312 In common 
parlance, what one man is said to learn by experience,a man 
of extraordinary sagacity is said, without experience, to 
divine. 1863 Mrs. OvipHant Salem Ch. ii. 28 He began to 
divine faintly .. that external circumstances do stand for 
something. P 

3. To have supernatural or magical insight into 
(things to come); to have presentiment of ; hence 
gen. to predict or prophesy by some kind of special 
inspiration or intuition. 

1374 Cuaucer Troylus w. 361 (389) But who may al 
eschewe or al deuyne? _c 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) viii. 29 
Ober thinges pai pronostic and diuines by be colours of ba 
flawmes. 1555 EpEeN Decades 47 ‘They diuined the destruc- 
tion of theyr countrey. 1594 SHaks. Nich. ///, 11.11. 18 To 
shun the danger that his Soule diuines. 1663 Butier Hud. 
1. ii, 833 None. .could divine To which side Conquest would 
incline. 1790 Burke #7. Kev. Wks. V. 374 Truly it is not 
easy to divine what that army may become at last. _ 1855 
Bain Senses & Int. 1. ii. § 23 To infer beforehand, or divine, 
the characters that we should find. 

+4. Of things: To point out, foreshow, prognos- 
ticate, portend. Ods. 

1596 Drayton Leg. tv. 69 This prodigious sign..some 
strange Newes though ever it divine, yet forth them not 
immediately it brings. 1657 Cokaine Obstinate Lady 1. ii, 
What envious star when I was born divin’d ‘This adverse 
Fate? 1712 Swirt Sid Hamet 22 A certain magick rod.. 
divines Whene’er the soil has golden mines. 1847 EMErson 
Poems, Initial Love Wks. (Bohn) 1. 457 All things wait for 
and divine him f 

+5. To think or conceive of, devise, contrive, by 
special inspiration or extraordinary sagacity. Ods. 

1393 Lanai. P. P2.C. xu. 265 Dauid be doughty..deuynede 
how Vrye Mighte slilokeste be slayn. ¢1450 Henryson 
Mor. Fab. 11 All courses that Cookes could deuyne. 1500-20 
Dunsar Poems \xxxiv. 15 The lustiast ladie that nature can 
devyne. 1598 Yonc Diana 225 So much force had one God 
.. ouer each others soule, diuining the great and inuiolable 
friendship that should be betweene him and me. 

+6. To render divine; to canonize ; to divinize. 

1sgr Spenser Dafhn. 214 Living on earth like Angell 
new divinde. 1591 — Ruines of Time 611 Th’ Harpe..out 
of the River was reard And borne above the cloudes to be 
divin’d. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxiv. 191 Leaving these 
divin’d, to Decuman we come.. who was crown’d with 
glorious martyrdom. * 

+b. To call or style divine. Ods. 

162x Br. Mountracu Diatride u. 353 Your nobling and 
diuining him elswhere. 

II. Intransitive senses. 

7. To use or practise divination ; to obtain insight 
into what is future or unrevealed by auguries, por- 
tents, magical or occult devices ; to soothsay. 

©1374 Cuaucer Troylus 11. 1696(1745) The folk deuyne at 
waggynge ofastre. 1382 WycLir Ge. xliv. 5 The coppe.. 
in the which my Lord is wonte to dyuyne, 1388 — /sa. 
xliv. 25 i98 tae that dyuynen by sacrifices offrid to 


feendis. 1 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xv. lii. (1495) 507 
pre in® a -haue preg 7 for theys jynee, _ 
lyuyne by his meuynge. 1 IBLE ay) Lev. xix. 2 
You shal not divine, nor observe dreames. FRYER 

70*-2 


DIVINELY. 


Acc. E, India & P. 372 They go to some learned Doctor, 
who Divines by the Alcoran. 1726 De For Hist. Devil 
ut, vi. 1835-49 Lane Mod, Egypt. 11. 111 ‘They [Gypsies] 
mostly divine means of a number of shells, with a few 
pieces of coloured glass, money, etc., intermixed with them. 

8. To foretell by divine or superhuman power ; 
to prophesy. arch. 

1362 Lanct. P. PZ. A. vit, 143 As Daniel diuinede hit fel 
in dede after. 1606 Suaks. Ant. & C/. 1. vi. 123 If I were 
bound to Diuine of this vnity, I wold not Prophesie so. 1860 
Emerson Cond. Life i. (1861) 19 We are as lawgivers; we 
speak for Nature; we prophesy and divine. 1887 Bowen 
Virg. Aineid . 246 Cassandra of coming evil divined. 

9. To conjecture (as to the unknown or obscure) ; 
to make an inference by conjecture, insight, intui- 
tion, or other means than actual information. 

r Lancu. P. Pi. A. xt. 138 Pe deppore I diuinede pe 
derkore me pou3te. c¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 26 Men 
may deuyne and glosen vp and doun. 1604 Suaxs. Ofh. 
1. il. 39 Something from Cyprus, as I may diuine. 1851 
CarLyLe Sterling u. ii. (1872) 100 The meanest have a 
dignity .. and hence, as I divine, the startling whirl of 
incongruous juxtaposition. 

+b. with of, on, ufon: To make conjectures 
about or concerning; to augur from. ds. 

©1374 Cuaucer Troylus i. 409 (458) Lest ony wyght 
dyuynen or deuyse Wolde of hem two. ¢ 1386 -- Axt.'s 7. 
1657 The paleys ful of peples. . Dyvynynge of thise Thebane 
knyghtes two. 1§13 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 766 
‘The people diverslye devinyng upon this dealing. a 1§92 
Greene Yas. /V, v. v, Whereon divine you, Sir2 1603 
Knoties Hist, Turks (1621) 857 Thereof would diversely 
divine every man according to his own fantasie. 1653 Hot- 
crort Procopius 1.29 The Romans divining upon it, were 
confident of the Emperours prevailing in this Warr. 1725 
Pore Odyss. 1. 144 At chess they vie, to captivate the queen ; 
Divining of their loves. 

Hence Divi'ned ///. a. (in quot., Made divine). 

1624 Quartes Sion’s Sonn. in Farr S. P. Fas. / (1848) 140 
The glory of thy divined place No age can injure, nor yet 
time deface. 

+ Divinely, ¢. [1. prec. adj. + -Ly1.] Divine. 

c1400 Test. Lowe 111. (R.) Philosophy is knowing of deuinely 
and manly things ioyned with study of good liuing. 159° 
Rastett Bk. Purgat. u. xi, The infinyte dyvynely Su 
staunce, sear 

Divinely (divainli), adv. [f. Divine a. + 
-LY2.] In a divine manner or way. 

1. By or as by the agency or power of God. 

1594 Srenser A moretti |xi, As she is, divinely wrought, 
And of the brood of Angels hevenly borne. 1662 STILLINGFL. 
Orig. Sacr. 11. vi. § 2 Whatever comes under Divine know- 
ledge, may be Divinely revealed. ax BEvERIDGE Serm. 
I. xviti.(R.) In his divinely-inspired judgment. 1850 TeNny- 
son /x Alem. \xiv. 2 As some divinely gifted man. 1876 
J. Parker Paraci. 1. iii. 23 1f the Bible is divinely inspired, 
it follows that it is divinely authoritative. 

2. Asor like God; ina godlike manner; with an 
excellence or perfection more than human. 

1582 Hester Secr. ’hiorav. u1.iv. 9 Because this composi- 
tion worketh diuinely, I called it Angelico. 1585 T. Wasu- 
INGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xxiii. 139 Cleere and fayre 
fountaines dyvinely wrought. 1667 Mitson P. L. 1x. 489 
Shee fair, divinely fair, fit love for Gods. 1728 Youn Odes 
to King Wks. 1757 1. 173 Its stream divinely clear, and 
strong. 31822 W. Irvine Braces. //all 35 An elegant young 
man .. who danced a minuet divinely, 1832 ‘TENNYSON 
Dream Fair Wom. 87 A daughter of the Gods, divinely 
tall And most divinely fair. 

+3. Ina holy or pious manner. Ods. 

1594 Suaks. Rich. [//, un. vii. 62 He is .. with two right 
reuerend Fathers Diuinely bent to Meditation. 1595 — Fohn 
ul. i. 237 This right hand, whose protection Is most diuinely 
vow'd vpon the right Of him it holds. 1682 Norris ///erocles 
8 They proceed from a divinely disposed mind. 

+4. After the manner of divinity. Ods. 

1607 Torse.t Serpents (1658) 591, 1 purpose not to follow 
these things Philosophically..but rather ‘Divinely. 

+ Divinement. Ods.  [f. Divinz v. + -MENT.] 
The action of divining ; divination. 

— Nortu Plutarch (1676) 33 That which they write 
of Romulus divinements, maketh great difference between 
him and Theseus. /é7d. 589 Priests and Soothsayers, that 
did sacrifice and purifie, and tend upon divinements, 

Divineness (divai-nnés). spas 

1. The quality or state of being divine ; divine 
nature, character, or origin ; divinity, sacredness. 

1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 84 The common nature of 
man, that hath in it both Divi , and i beastly 
brutishness. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xxxii. 507, 1 haue 
+.prooued the tr and diui of the Scriptures, 
1640 Br. Reyvnotps Passions i. 2 Their admirable Motions 
and Order, in which the Heathen have acknowledged 
a Divineness. 1718 Free-thinker No. 54 P11 The real Ex- 
cellency and Divineness of Virtue. 1843 Cartyte Past 4 
Pr. 1. xii, In all true Work. . there is something of divineness. 

2. Superhuman or supreme excellence. 

1580 Sipney A rcada (1622) 321 Besought him to repeate 
it againe, that .. his minde might bee the better acquainted 
with the diuinenesse thereof. 1611 Suaxs. Cymtd, ul. vii. 45 
Behold Diuinenesse No elder then a Boy, 

Diviner (divoino1). Forms: 4-5 devinor, 
-vynour, dyvynour, 5-7 divinour, 5~ diviner. 
(ME. and AF. devinour, divinour =OF. devineor, 
-cour, -ur (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), agent-n. from 
¥. deviner to Divixk, corresponding to L. divind- 
tor-em Divinator. Down to 1500 regularly 
stressed dewinowr, devi: . In sense 2, app. 
{. F. devin, divin sb.: cf. philosoph-er.] 

1. One who practises divination ; a soothsayer, 
prophet, seer; a magician, sorcerer. 


| knoweth. 


556 


¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8107 seide alle 
my dyuinours, 1382 Wycuir Deut. xviii. 10 Ne be foundun in 
thee. .that askith dy rs. 1368 — Fer. xxvii. 9 - 
neris by chiteryng and fleyng of briddis. 1483 Caxton 4 
Leg. 234 b/2 The deuynour had told hym that he shold 
deye within fyue dayes. 145 Jove Exp. Dan. v. (R.) He 
fled to his w men of the worlde, to his diuiners and 
charmers. to Hotianp Camden's Brit. 1. 649 The .. 
Divinour or Prophet of the Britans, I mean Merlin. 168: 
Drvyven Ads. & Achit. 238 The People’s Pray’r, the glad 
Diviner’s Theme, The Young men’s Vision and the Old men’s 
Dream! 1 ‘ope Odyss. 1. 524 Vain diviner’s dreams 
divert her fears. 1860 Hoox Lives A dfs. (1869) 1. v. 22 
The bishops .. were required .. to banish .. diviners 
fortune-tellers. 1881 Folk-lore Record 1V. 106 Very lately 
an eminent man .. employed a diviner to look for mines on 
his property with a divining rod. 

b. A successful conjecturer or guesser. 

og Locke Hum. Und. u. i. (1695) 48 He must be a nota- 
ble Diviner of Thoughts, that can assure him, that he was 
thinking. 1856-61 Maurice Critics in Friendship Bhs. xiii. 
(1874) 377 Richard Bentley was one of the subtlest diviners 
of the meaning of obscure SE 

+2. A divine, a theologian. Ods. 

1377 Lancv. /. P21. B. x. 452 Pe doughtiest doctour and 
deuynoure of pe trinitee Was au age ks olde. bid. xu. 
114 Sire doctour .. What is dowel and dobet ? 3e deuynours 
1393 /did. C. xvi. 85 This doctor and diuinour 
and decretistre of canon. 1552 uLoet, Diuinour or wryter 

US. 


| of holy scripture, agiogrg 


b. =Drvixe s6.*%2 b; also, a wise man, sage. 
1 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) III. 65 Thales..pis naturel 
philosofer and dyuynour. a 1400-50 Alexander 1545 Doc- 


| tours & diuinours & othire dere maistris. 


Divineress (divainarés). Also 4-6 de-, (5 
-ourese). [a. OF. devineresse (12th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), fem. of devineur DivINER: see -ESS.] A 
female diviner ; a prophetess; a sorceress, witch. 

¢. 1374 Cuaucer Jroylus v. 1522 Pow sorceresse With al pi 
fals gost of prophesie Thow wenest ben a grete deuyneresse ! 
1440 J. Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 14 The said woman 

Yreland, that clepid herself a dyvenourese. 1480 Caxton 
Ovid's Met. xi. vi, And Cassandra, hys doughter, the 
devyneresse. 4 1833 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. 
xxvi. (1546) M ij, A woman diuineresse, or contrary, a soth- 
sayer. 1681 H. More /ostscript to Glanvill’s Sadducismus 
1. (1726) 24 Do the office of a Divineress, or a Wise-woman. 
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. v. ii. (1872) 177 A black 
Divineress of the Tropics prophesied..that she should be 
a Queen, 1848 J. A. Cartyve tr. Dante's Inferno xx, The 
wretched women who. .made themselves divineresses. 

+ Divinesse. 0/s. [Compressed variant of 
divineness ; perh. with some thought of F. -esse, as 
in richesse and Eng. idlesse: cf. deg) sie 
etc.] a. Divination. b. Divineness, divinity ; 
divine quality or character. 

1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam. Wits iv. (1596) 46 The first 
who tearmed these maruellous matters by the name of 


diuinesse was Bivppersies and that if any such point of | 


diuinesse bee found in the disease, that it manifesteth also 
a prouidence. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. iv. § 2. 18 Poesie 
..was euer thought to haue some participation of diuinesse. 
Ibid. § 4. 19 Enquirers into truth .. will despise those 
delicacies and affectations, as indeede capable of no diui- 
nesse, 

Diving (dai-viy), v/. 5d. [f. Dive v. +-1NG 1.) 
The action of the verb Dive, in its various senses. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xu. xxvi. (1495) 429 By 
manere of plungynge and of dyuynge. 1614 RowLanps 
Fooles Bolt 37 A common Scould, her furious heate must 
coole: Wash'd by her diuing in a Cucking stoole. 1743- 
R. Pococke Trav. (Camden) Il. 129 The curious manner 
diveing which they lately began, in order to raise what they 
could of the wreck. 1884 (¢¢/e) Divings into Scripture and 
Sprinkling of Wisdom for Little Folk. 

b. attrib. and Comb., as diving-bladder, -boat, 
-engine, -helmet, -machine, DiV1NG-BELL, etc, 

160r Br. W. Barrow Defence 143 The diuing poole of 
Bethesda. 1661 Diving-engine [see Drecset | Me 
Lond. Gaz. No. 2842/3 Letters Patents .. for a Diving- 
Engine. 1752 Jounson Ramébler No. 199 ® 3 The first 
experiment in nineteen diving engines of new construction. 
oy Coens Cycl. Supp. Diving Bladder, a term used 
by Borelli for a machine .. contrived for Diving under the 
water to great depths .. The — all other diving ma- 
chines are liable to are obviated. 1802 Naval Chron. VII. 
270 The Diving-boat. . will be capaci h to c i 
eight men. — Forsy boc. £. Anglia, Deving-pond, 
a_pond from which water is drawn for domestic use, by 
dipping a pail. 1 Cor. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 163 
Inflating air into the diving machine, or rather diving dress, 
of the man who was working under the sea. 1875 Ure's 
Dict. Arts s.v. Diving-dress, The diving helmet is, in 
principle, similar to the bell. 

Di , fpl.a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 

That dives, in various senses of the vb. 

1602 Fuisecke and Pt. Parall. Ded. 1 The industrious 
search of some diuing braine. _@ 1639 Wortron in Redig. 
Wotton, 402(R.) Let the diving Negro seek For ms hid 
in some forlorn creek. 1712 Gay 7'rivia 1. 80 Guard well 
thy pocket, for these syrens stand To aid the labours of the 
diving hand. 

a es names of various animals. 

iving-buck or goat, a S. African antelope (C - 
lophus mergens), the duyker-bok of the Boers ; Stee: 
duck, the golden-eye duck (C/langula P egy 53H di - 
pigeon, the lack guillemot or doveky (Uria Grylle); 
“spider, Argyronecta aquatica, which lives in a 

nest filled with air under water, 

1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy, u. (1711) 84 The first Diving 
Pigeon I got..at Spitzber, 1786 Srarrman Voy, Cafe 
G. H. U1, 243 The duyker-bok, or diving goat .. rising in 
its leap with its neck erect, and in its descent bringing 


it down between its legs .. had the of div! 
and gave rise to pth 1813 Cou. psec Diary (1899) 


DIVINITY. 


1. 89, I got a diving duck, and should have had more shots. 
1 ‘ames Birds 161 Diving duck 


lbid. 218 Di 
Dicisecbell. {1 Drviwe otis Bay oka 


A strong heavy vessel, ah agri bell-shaped, 

the bottom open, in which persons may descend 
into deep water, respiration being sustained by the 
compressed air at the top, or by fresh air supplied 
by a forcing pump from above. 

1661 Evetyn Diary 19 July, We tried our Diving-Bell, 
or Engine, in the water-dock at Deptford. .it was made of 
cast lead, let down with a strong cable. Phil. Trans, 
XVII. 896 Means of weighing » sunken Vessels ., and 
taking out the Goods by means of the Diving Bell. 1713 
Deruam Phys. Theol. w. iii. note (R.), One of the divers 
blew an horn in his diving-bell, at the bottom of the sea. 
1716 Go.pvsm, Nat. Hist. 776) I. 24: The great diving- 
bell improved by Doctor Halley, which was large enoug) 
to contain five men. 1 co My Time xxiv. 212 
Breathing with as much di ty..as he might have ex- 
perienced in a diving-bell. 

attrib, 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 713/2 A diving-bell 
company was formed in are in 1688. Jéid. 715/1 
Diving-bell Pump, a pump having a casing divided by 
a vertical partition into two chambers, which are provided 
with inwardly and outwardly opening valves. 

Divinify (divi-nifoi), v. [f. L. divin-us Divine 
+(DFY; cf. detfy, etc.) ¢rans. To render divine ; 
to regard as of divine nature, rank, or origin; to 
divinize. Hence Divi-nified f/. a. , 

1633 A. H. Parthenia Sacra 204(T.) My beloved is white 
and red .. white, for his blessed and divinified soul. 1660 
Srantey Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 395/1 Good the Civil Virtues 
render a Man, but the Sciences conducing to the Divine 
Virtue divinifie. 1855 Baitey Afystic 32 And knew himself 
divinified. 1892 Acres M. Cierke Fam. Sind. Homer 45 
‘The same constellation. .under a divinified aspect. 


Divi-ning, v//. sb. [f. Divine v. +-1NG1.] 

1. The action of the verb Divine: a. Soothsay- 
ing, prophecy, divination. b. Conjecture, guessing. 

¢1340 Hampote Prose Tr. (1866) 9 In pis comandement es 
forbodyn to gyffe troutke till socerye or till dyuynyngez by 
sternys. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v, pr. iii. 122 (Camb. MS. 
Elles what difference is ther bytwixe the prescience 


| thilke Iapeworthi dyuynenge of tyresye the dyuynor? 


1483 Cath. Angi. 102 A Dyuynynge be fyre, piromancia. 
A Dininyege ‘gets jdromancia, 1646 ¢; — title) 
Astrologo-Mastix, or a Discovery of the Vanity Ini- 
quity of Judiciall Astrology or Divining by the Starres. 1860 

usey Min. Proph. Jonah i. 7 The lot for divining. .is 
wrong, except by direct inspiration of God. 

2. altrib., as divining-rod, -staff, -stick, -wand: 
a rod, etc., used in divination ; sfec. a forked stick, 
by means of which certain persons are reputed to 
have the power of tracing and indicating subter- 
raneous supplies of water and mineral veins. See 
quots. ; also DowsiNnG-RoD., 

1656 Cow.ry Pindar. Odes, To Mr. Hobs iii, With fond 
Divining-Wands, We search among the dead For ‘Treasures 
buried. /éid. Note, Virgula Divina ; or a Divining-Wand 
is a two-forked branch of an Hazel-Tree .. used for the 
finding out either of Veins, or hidden Treasures of Gold or 
Silver; and being carryed about, bends downwards (or 
rather is said to do so) when it comes to the place where 
they lye. _ J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 188 
To find out Water by the Help of a Hasel-Wand, called 
a Divining-Stick. 1751 Gentil. Mag. Nov. 5 pe a 
Antig.) So early as Agricola the divining Rod was in 
much request, and has obtained great dit for its dis- 
covering where to dig for Metals and Springs of Water 
.» lately it has been revived with great success. 1816 ~ 
Scorr Antig. xvii, 1883 P. Ronixson in Harper's Mag. 
Oct. 708/1 The divining-rod finds its essors and dis- 
ciples .. in eve A ag: the world, Exwortny W, 
Somerset Word ., Dowse, to use the divining-rod for the 
purpose of finding springs of water. 

Divi-ning, ///. a. [f. as prec.+-1NG®.] That 
divines, foresees, or conjectures ; soothsaying, pro- 

hesying, conjecturing, guessing, etc. 

"i Wycuir 1 ingens There is a womman havynge 
a dyvynynge spirite in Endore. 1593 Suaks. 3 //en, V'/, iv, 
vi. 69 If secret Powers but truth To my divining 
thoughts. 1697 Dryvpen Aneid vi. 54 The divinin, 
dame, The priestess of the god, Deiphobe her name. 18 
Geo. Euor Dan. Der. vy. xxxix, This dreadfully divining 
personage—evidently Satan in grey trousers. . 

+ Divini‘potent, a. Ods. rare—°. [ad. L. 
ee sg in divination. 

1656 Biount G: ivinipotent, that hath power in 
divine things. 1727 in Bartey vol. LI. 

vi . Obs. rare, [f. Divine v., or 
divinour, DivinEr sb. : see -18TER.) A diviner. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Ant.'s 7. 1953 Therfore I stynte, I nam 


no divimstre, < 

+ Divinitize, v. Obs. rare—'.  [irreg. f. Di- 
VINITY +-1ZE.] = DIVINIZE. 

J. E. tr. Behmen's Epist. Pref. 9 We .. Divinitize 

our knowledge into an effectual working Love. 

Divinity (diviniti). Forms: 4-6 de-, dy-, 
divinite, 4-7 -tie. [ME. de-, divinite, a, OF. 
devinité, -eté, -iteit (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) theo- 
logy, ad. L. divindtat-em godhead, divination, ex- 
cellence, f. divin-as DIVINE: sce -ITY. 

1. The character or quality of being divine; di- 
vineness, godhood; divine nature; , Godhead, 

snaps Sauces Deer, oe rede sale 
Riivour Salmecioun 272 te crist warre flesshe and yr 


verray divinit Furxe in Confer. m1. (1 y 
The bemenion Cri after it was assumpted rae 


DIVINITYSHIP. 


Diuinitie, was absorpte of the same. c¢x610-15 Women 
Saints, Agnes (1886) 147 Diuinitie dwelleth not in stones 
but in heauen. 1667 hare P. L. 1x. 1010 They feel 
Divinitie within them breeding wings. 1784 Cowrer 7ask 
vi. 877 The veil is rent .. That hides divinity from mortal 
eyes. 1884 Ruskin Pleas. Eng. 17 note, Arianism consists 
not in asserting the subjection of the Son to the Father, 
but in denying the subjected Divinity. k 

2. concr. A divine prem, a god, a deity. Zhe 
Divinity: the Deity, the Supreme Being, God. 

1386 Cuaucer Sec. Nun’s T 316 Whil we seken thilke 
diuinitee That is yhid in heuene. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De 
P. R. 1. (7495) 8 Cryst Iesus very god and man is .. moost 
blessyd and inestymable dyuynyte or deyte for all man- 
kynde. 1602 Suaxs. //am, v. li. 10 There’s a Diuinity that 
shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will. 1777 
Rosertson Hist. Amer. (1778) IL. vit. 302 Its divinities 
were clothed with terror. a io H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's 
Stud. Nat. (1799) Il. 76 It’s last and only end is the 
Divinity hiinself” 1865 SerLtey Lecce Homo iv. (ed. 8) 3t 
Their national Divinity had been theirking. 1875 WHITNEY 
Life Lang. vy. 80 Mercury..the swift messenger of the 
divinities. A 

b. fig. An object of adoration, an adorable being. 

1648 Bovte Seraph. Love vi. (1700) 49 A Lover, naming 
what he worships, a Divinity. 1749 SMoLietr Gil Blas it. 
ix, I perceived the divinity seated on a large sattin couch— 
in a genteel deshabille. 1849 THackeray Pendennis vii, 
Composing a most flaming and conceited copy of verses 
to his divinity. : 

3. Divine quality, virtue, or power ; god-likeness, 
divineness. 

1510-20 Everyman in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 133 These seven.. 
Gracious sacraments of high divinity. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 
ut. v. 34 The goodly Maide, ful of divinities And gifts of 
heavenly grace. 1598 SHaks. Merry W. v.i. 3 There is 
Diuinity in odde Numbers, either in natiuity, chance, or 
death. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 71 ‘These 
miraculous Signs of the Divinity of the Christian Doctrine. 
1847 Tennyson Princ. 1. 207 To lift the woman's fall'n 
divinity Upon an even pedestal with man. 

4. The science of divine things; the science that 
deals with the nature and attributes of God, His 
relations with mankind, etc. ; theology ; the theo- 
logical faculty in Universities. (The earliest 
sense in English.) 

cheat hail, (Scotland, etc.), a theological hall or 
college. . 

¢1305 Edmund Conf. 238 in E. FE. P. (1862) 77 To diuinite 
as god wolde bis gode man him drou3. 1387 Trevisa 
Higden (Rolls) I, 5 Of be pre vertues of deuynyte [//co- 
logicarum virtutum]). c1400 Maunpev. (1839) xiii. 144 
Athanasius was a gret Doctour of Dyvynytee. 1439 Z. /. 
Wills (1882) 118, 1 woll that the maister of devenyte haue 
xx li, 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 40 William Thurs- 
ton abbot of Fowntens and bachelar of devinite..hongyd, 
heddyd and qwarterd. 1599 Suaxs. /Y/ez. V,1. i. 38 Heare 
him but reason in Diuinitie. 1690 Locke Gov?. 11. viii. 
§ 112 They never dream’d of Monarchy being Yure Divino 
.+ till it was revealed to us in the Divinity of this last Age. 
1722 De For Moll Flanders (1840) 303 The ordinary of 
Newgate .. talked _a little in his way, but all his divinity 
ran upon confessing my crime, as he called it. 18: 
Coreriwce Jadde-t. 14 Mar., Divinity is essentially the 
first of the professions, because it is necessary for all at all 
times, 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. iv. 498 Three poor 
labouring men, deeply imbued with this unamiable divinity. 

b. Applied also to the theological systems of 
heathen nations or philosophers. 

1669 GALE Crt, Gentiles 1. 1. ii. 12 Plato acknowlegeth 
that he received the .. choicest of his Divinitie from the 
Phenicians, 1754 Suertock Disc, (1759) I. iv. 145 The 
‘Religion and Divinity of the Vulgar in the Days of 
Heathenism. 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) II. 1v. vil. 365 
He..was versed in all the divinity of the Greeks. 

+5. =Drvination 1. Obs. rare. 

1481 Caxton M/yrr, 1. xiii. 39 By this Arte and science 
[Astronomye] were first emprysed .. alle other sciences of 
decrees and of dyuinyte. 1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 28 This 
diuinitie or fore-telling of Anaxagoras. 

6. attrib. (esp. in reference to the Faculty of Di- 
vinity at the Universities), as divinity act, book, 
chair, lecture, man, school, etc.; divinity-calf 
(Bookbinding), dark brown stained calf decorated 
with blind stamping, without gilding: used for 
theological works. (Zaehnsdorf, Hist. Book. 
1895.) 

3548 Upatt Erasm. Par, Pref. (R.) A full library of all 
g diuinity-books. a1gss Latimer Serm. & Reni. (1845) 
291 We..appointed you to appear before us. .in the divinity 
school, a place for disputations. 1641 ‘SmecryMNuus’ A nsv. 
v. (1653) 22 Such as were able to preach, or keepe a Divi- 
nitie Act. 1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 97 If a young 
divinity-intender has but got a sermon of his own or of his 
father's .. he gets a qualification, cx680 HickERINGILL 

Wks. (1716) 1. 79 The Tongues and Pens of the thriving 
Divinity-men, ay hy Norris Pract, Disc. (1711) II. 
83 Acceptable .. from the Pulpit as from a Divinity. 
Chair. 1709 Hearne Collect. 6 Nov. The Divinity- 
Bedell’s Staff. 1785 J. Truster Mod. Times 1. 138 A 
register office for parsons, a kind of divinity-shop. . for hirin 
of preachers. 1846 McCutiocn Acc. Brit. Empire (1854 
Il. 341 Attendance on divinity lectures is requisite. 

Divi-nityship. [f. prec. +-sup.] 

1. The status or personality of a divinity; deity- 
ship, godship. : 

1689 Hickerincitt Ws. (1716) I. 423 The Keys of the 
Church, to which he has as good right as your D.D. 
Divinityship. 1788 Disinteresied Love 1. 19 "is to her 
divinityship I pay my adoration, 1811 Suettey Let, fo E, 
Hitchener, Truth is my God. . yours is reducible to the same 
simple Divinityship, 1834 L. Hunt Towx (1858) The 
first time he [Henry VIII] had discovered the possibility of 


such ou impiety towards his barbarous divinityship. 


557 
2. Knowledge of or skill in divinity. 


1762 Sterne 7y. Shandy VI. xxxvi, Plato’s opinion, 
which with all his divinityship,—I hold to be damnable. 

Diviniza‘tion. [f. next + -arion.] The ac- 
tion of divinizing, or condition of being divinized. 

1840 Mitt Diss. §& Disc., Grecian Hist. (1859) II. 310 The 
basis of that was a dona fide personification and divinization 
of the occult causes of phenomena, 1873 M. Arnotp //¢. 
§& Dognia (1876) 38 ioe peeterstion and divinjsation of this 
natural bent of mankind. i> 

Divinize (di-vinoiz), v. [ad. F. dviniser (16th- 
17th c. in Hatz.-~Darm.) to render divine, deify, f. 
divin DIVINE: sce -1ZE.] 

1. trans. To make or render divine; to deify. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Divinise, to make divine or 
heavenly. @1743 A. M. Ramsay Nat. & Rev. Relig. i. 
gor (R.) The predestinarian doctors have divinized cruelty, 
wrath, fury, vengeance, and all the blackest vices. 1890 
NeweE tv S¢. Patrick 70 He divinised the powers of nature 
because he feared them. ne _ 

+2. intr. To become divine; to act as a divine 
being. Ods. rare. 

1685 Gracian’s Courtiers Orac. 163 By Divinizing, one 
gets Respect, by Humanizing, Contempt. 

Hence Di'vinized ff/. a.; Di-vinizing v//. sb. 

1837 Tait’s Mag. 1V. 459 This divinizing of ‘myself’ 
this deification of the individual man. 1839 Battey /es/us 
(1854) 164 The form Of Divinized humanity. 

Divino-poli‘tical, a. nonce-wd. 
taining to divine polity. - 

1668 H. More Div. Dial. v. x. (1713) 437 The meaning of 
Ezekiel’s Mercavah is not Physical, but Moral, Spiritual, or 
Divino-political, if 1 may so speak. 1684 — Ax dAnuswer 
241 The Divino-political sense of that Vision, 

ivis(e, obs. forms of Drvick, DEVISE. 

+ Divisse, sd. Obs. [a. OF. de-, divise, ad. late 
L. divisa (med.L. in Du Cange) division, boundary, 
fem. sb. from pa. pple. of d7vidére: see DEVISE, 
and cf. the town name Dev7zes, formerly ‘The De- 
vizes’, med.L. Divesve.] Boundary ; A/. bounds. 

¢ 1575 Batrour /racticks (1754) 434 (Jam.) Divisis betwix 
sic landis pertening to sic ane man, on the ane part, and sic 
landis pertening to sic ane uther man on the uther part. 
bid. 438 Divises, meithis and merchis. 

+ Divise, « Ols. Also 5 de-. [ad. 1.. divis- 
us, pa. pple. of dividére to DivibE: ef. OF. devis 
divided.] Divided; separate, distinct. 

c1420 Pallad, on Husb. 1. 416 In March orenge is sette 
in sondry wyse : Thai loveth lande that rare is and divise. 
1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles LL. 1v. 255 The Author of the Bo 
[says] ‘the name One is truely said o that which is indivise 
in it self and divise as to althings else’. 

Hence + Divi'sely adv., separately (ods.). 

1449 Pecock Refr. ut. xviii. 398 Ioyntli and deviseli. 
1552 Hutort, Diuisely, seorsum, seorsus, separatin. 

iviser, obs. form of DEVISER, Divisor. 

Divisibility (divizibi-liti). [f next + -1ry; 
ef. F. déivistbilité (15th c. in Godet. Seppi.).] 

1. The quality of being divisible ; capacity of being 
divided into parts, or among a number of persons. 

1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies u. viii. (1645) 15 Divisibility, or 
acapacity to be divided into partes. 1691 Norris Pract. 
Disc, 52 That endless. .Controversy concerning. .the infinite 
Divisibility of Quantity. 1710 BerkeLey Princ. Hu. 
Knowl. § 47 The infinite divisibility of Matter is now 
universally allowed. 1831, LarpNer Pxenmat. iii. 237 
Numerous physical analogies favour the conclusion, that 
the divisibility of matter has a limit. : 

2. Math. Capacity of being divided without re- 
mainder, 

Divisible (divirzill), a. (sb.) Also 6-7 de-. 
(ad. L. divistbel-’s (Tertullian, 3rd c.), f. divis- 
ppl. stem of divédére to Divine: cf. F. dévistble 
(Oresme, 14th c.).] Capable of being divided. 

1. Capable of being divided into parts (actually, 
or in thought); capable of being divided into 
kinds or classes, distinguishable ; capable of being 
divided or distributed among a number. 

1§52 Hu oer, Deuisible, or able to be parted or deuided, 
deniduus. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lv. § 7 In as much 
as that infinite word is not diuisible into parts, it could not 
in part, but must needs be wholly incarnate. 1665 Hooke 
Microgr, 2 Certainly the quantity or extension of any body 
may be divisible iz infinitum, though perhaps not the 
matter, 1777 Priesttey Matt. §& Spir. (1782) I. iii. 38 
Every particle of matter is infinitely divisible. 188x Mrvarr 
Cat 14 The Cat’s entire frame is divisible into head, neck, 
trunk, tail, and limbs. 1891 Law Times 106/2 The bene- 
ficial interest. .is to be divisible amongst the next of kin. 

2. Math. Of a number or quantity: +a. To be 
divided ; forming the dividend (0ds.). b. Capable 
of being divided without remainder (4y). 

1579 Dicces Stratiot. 9 The number divisible. 1709-29 
V. Manvey Syst. Math., Avith. 23 use 4869 [i.e. 
4+8+6+9] make 27, a number divisible by 9, therefore 
also 4869 may be divided by 9. 1 « CHampers Cyc/. 
s.v. Number, Primitive, or prime Number is that, which 
is only divisible by unity .. Compound Number is that 
divisible by some other number besides unity; as 8, divisible 
by 4, and by 2. Mod, A number is divisible by 9 if the 
sum of its digits is divisible by 9. 

+ B. sb. divisible body. Ods. 

1665 GLANVILL Scefsis Sci. v. (R.), The composition of 
bodies, whether it be of divisibles or indivisibles. 

Hence Divi'sibleness, divisibility; Divi'sibly 
adv., in a divisible manner, so as to be divisible; 
+ in small portions (oés.). 

1558 Bre. Watson Sev. Sacra. vii. 40 Gods onely begotten 


Of or per- 


DIVISION. 


sonne goeth into euery man diuisiblye that receyueth him. 
1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exenp, Ad Sect. v. § 7 ‘The use of 
reason comes at no definite time, but insensibly and divisibly. 
@1691 Boyte (J.), Naturalists disagree about .. the in- 
definite divisibleness of matter. — Wks. I. 376 (R.) The 
divisibleness of nitre into fixed and volatile parts. 

Division (divi-zan). Forms: 4-6 devi-, divi- 
sioun, etc. (with usual interchange of z and y, -oxz 
and -ou), 4 deveseoun, devyseoun, 5 Sc. dy- 
wysiown, 5-7 divisione, 4- division. [ME. 
de-, divisioun, a. OF. devistun, division, ad. 1. 
division-em, n. of action f. divédére to DivivE.] 

I. As an action or condition, 

1. The action of dividing or state of being divided 
into parts or branches ; partition, severance. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. ui. pr. xi. 77 (Camb. MS.) But fyr 
{fleeth] and refuseth alle deuysyon. /6éd. m1. pr. ix. [see 
Divive v. 1). cxq00 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 26 Pese arteries 
ben deuydid many weies; whos dyuysiouns man mai nou3t 
conseyue bi his witt. 1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. 
Glasse 111 By..the devision of th’ Earth ifto zones. 1601 
Suaks. 7ived. N. v. i, 229 How haue you made diuision of 
your selfe? 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7yvav. 136 Babylon .. 
there first hapned the division of Languages from one .. to 
seventie two. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1, 237 Vhe Division 
of Time into Hours, Days, and Weeks. 1840 LarpNer 
Geom, ix. 109 Let the line..be divided into three parts, at 
Cand D..and, from the points of division C and D let per- 
pendiculars be drawn, 1875 Jowrtr /’/ato ied. 2) IIL. 2 
ae division into books .. is probably later than the age of 

ato, 

b. Separation, partition, parting. 

1535 CoverDALE 2 Esdras vi. 41 To make a deuysion 
betwixte the waters, that the one parte might remayne 
aboue, and the other beneth. 1634 Massincer Very 
Woman i. i, Plays (1868) 499/1 We may meet again, But 
death’s division is for ever, friend. 1864 ‘TreNNyson //igher 
Hantheism 6 'Vhis weight of body and limb, Are they not 
sign and symbol of thy division from Him? 

e. Camb. Univ. The partition of the term into 
two halves; the point of time at which the term is 
thus divided. 

1803 Gradus ad Cantab. s.v. Term-Trotters, young men 
who contrive to be ¢z College the night before the division 
of the term, and ovf of it the morning after the close, 1852 
Bristep Lug. University 63 After ‘division’ in 
Michaelmas and Lent ‘Terms, a student, who can as 
a good plea for absence to the College authorities, may go 
down. 1896 W. Atpis Wricur in Letter, The division of 
term still marks a period for certain purposes. 

+d. ‘Methodical arrangement, disposition ’ 
(Schmidt). Ods. 

1604 Suaxs. O//. 1. 1. 23 A Fellow.. That neuer set a 
Squadron in the Field, Nor the deuision ofa Battaile knowes 
More then a Spinster. 

2. The action of distributing among a number ; 
distribution, partition, sharing. 

Division of labour, in Pol. Econ., the division of a process 
of manufacture or an employment into parts, each of which 
is performed by a particular person. 

¢1380 Wycur Sed. Iks. IL. 341 God wolde suffre no 
lenger 8 fend to regne oonli in 00 siche preest, but, for 
synne pat pei hadden do, made devisioun amongis two. 
1484 Caxton Fables of A¢sop i. vi, It is not good to have 
partage and dyuysyon with hym which is ryche & myghty. 
1555 Even Decades Contents (Arb.) 45 The debate and 
strife betwene the Spanyardes and Portugales for the diui- 
sion of the Indies. 160r Suaxs. 7iwed. NV. 111. iv. 380 Ile 
make diuision of my present with you: Hold, there’s halfe 
my Coffer. 1776 Apam Surry IW’. Nv. i. heading, Of the 
Division of Labour. ‘he greatest improvement in the pro- 
ductive power of labour, and [etc.]..seem to have been the 
effect of the division of labour. 1878 Jevons Prim. Lol. 
Econ, 33 Even in a single family there is division of labour: 
the husband ploughs, or cuts timber; the wife cooks, man- 
ages the house, and spins or weaves; the sons hunt or tend 
sheep; the daughters employ themselves as milkmaids. 

“i 3, The action of distinguishing, or of perceiving 
or making a difference ; distinction. Ods. 

1398 Cuaucer Jorturte 33, I haue the tawht deuisyoun 
by-twene Frend of effect and frende of cowntenaunce. 
c1geo Lancelot 1648 That Iustice be Elyk [=alike] With- 
out diuisione baith to pur and ryk. 1553 T. Witson Rhet. 
4b, The division is an openyng of thynges wherin we agree 
and rest upon, and wherein we sticke, and stande in traverse. 
1611 Bis_k £ rod. viii. 23, I will put a division between my 
people and thy people. 

4, The fact of being divided in opinion, senti- 
ment, or interest; disagreement, variance, dissen- 
sion, discord; an instance of this, a disagreement. ° 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 381 Division..many a noble 
worthy town.. Hath brought to great adversite. ¢1477 
Caxton ¥ason 71, I praye you..that ye kepe you from all 
dyuysion and roncour. 1526-34 TinpaLce Xow, xvi. 17 
Marke them which cause division..and avoyde them, 1611 
Biste 1 Cor. xi. 18, I heare that there be diuisions [Wyct. 
& Geneva, dissensions] among you. 1665 Sir T. HERBERT 
Trav. (1677) 190 A bone of division betwixt the Turk and 
Persian, 1712 W. Harrison in Szift's Corr. 16 Dec., 
To sow division between us. 1847 TENNYSON Princess U1. 
62 Betwixt these two Division smoulders hidden, 

5. Math. a. The action or process of dividing 
one number or quantity by another, i.e. of finding 
how many times the latter is contained in the 
former, or, more generally, of finding a quantity 
(the geotzent) which multiplied by the latter (the 
divisor) will produce the former (the dividend) ; 
the inverse of multiplication ; a rule or method for 
doing this. 

Long division (in Avith.), the method usually adopted. 
when the divisor is greater than r2, in which the products 
of the divisor by the several terms of the quotient are 


DIVISION. 


successively set down and subtracted from the correspond- 
pF person of the dividend. Short division : the method 
hen the divisor is 12 or less, in which ‘the quotient 


558 


7.51 The Funnel. .shou’d have 
ind. 1797 Monthly Mag. I11. 
are engraved divisions 


1715 Desacutiers Fires [m, 
several divisions to cut the 
144 A pre circle, on which 


is set down directly, without writing the ve oe 
ducts. Compounp d., Simpte d.: see these words. Com- 
plementary, direct, ‘and scratch d., ancient or te 
methods of performing arithmetical division. 

c1425 Craft Nombrynge (E.E.1.S.) 25 Pou schalt deuide 
alle pe nounbre pat comes of multiplicacion by 
eo figures..but 3et pou hast not pe craft of dyuision. 

Recorpe Gr, Artes 126.a, If you would prove Multi- 
ie ycation, the surest way is by Dyuision. /dzd. (1575) 148 
Diuision is a distributing of a | ered summe by the vnities 
of a lesser, Or Diuision 4 an Arithmeticall producing of a 
thirde number. .which. .shall so often conteyne an vnit, as 
the greater of the twoo propounded numbers doth containe 
the | aaeoary 1690 Leysourn Curs. Math. a The ways of 
performing Deis are divers. i raed — Syn. 

Palmar. Matheseos 25 Division is a nifold Subduction ; : 
or the taking of one Number..out of another, as often as 
possible. 1823 H. J. Brooke /ntrod. Crystallogr. 299 The 
division. .is effected by subtracting the logarithm of the 
latter fraction fgom that of the former. 

+b. The process of ‘dividing’ a ratio, i.e. sub- 
stituting the difference of its terms for either of 
them. Oés. (Now expressed by dividendo: cf. 
COMPOSITION § c.) 

1695 AtincHam Geom, Efit. 19 If A: B::C:D then by 
Division of reason it will be as A-B:B ::C-D: D. 1827 
Hetron Course Math, 1,325 The term Divided, or Division, 
here means subtracting, or parting ; being used in the sense 
opposed to compounding, or adding, in def. 86. P 

6. Logic, etc. The action of dividing into kinds 
or classes; separation of a genus into species, 
called substantial division, or division per se; 
classification; esf. in scholastic logic, a rough 
kind of classification based on ordinary knowledge, 
not on methodical investigation. Also, less strictly, 
b. Enumeration of the parts of a whole, partition, 
called partible division. ¢. Distinction of the 
various significations of a term: called nominal 
division, in opposition to which the two preceding 
are also called real division. 

15st T. Witson Logike (1567) 83 b, Euery man is either 
wastfull or couetous .. This diuision i is not good, for, many 
men offende in neither. 1597, Morty Jutrod. Mus. 
Annot., As for the diuision, Musicke is either speculatiue 
or practicall. 1656 Stantey Hist, Philos. v. (1701) 181/2 
Of Divisions, one is a distribution of the Genus into Species, 
and of the whole into parts;..Another is of a word into 
divers significations, when the same may be taken several 
ways. 1839 G. Biro Nat. Philos. 32 Absolute motion. 
-relative motion. . Besides these, there are some other divi- 
sions of motion. ‘[as] eae iar -accelerated. retarded. 1842 
Asp. Tuomson Laws Th. lv. (1860) 82 Division is the 
enumeration of the various co-ordinate species of which 
a proximate genus is composed. 1864 Bowen Logic iv. 99 
Division resolves the Extension [of a Concept] into its con- 
stituent Genera and Species. 

+ 7. Mus. The execution of a rapid melodic pas- 
sage, originally conceived as the dividing of each 
of a succession of long notes into several short 
ones ; such a passage itself, a florid phrase or piece 
of melody, a 1un ; es. as a variation on, or accom- 
paniment to, a theme or‘ plain song’; hence often 
nearly = Descant sé. Phr. Zo run division: to 
execute such a passage or variation; also fig. (cf. 
DESCANT v.) Obs. 

1589 R. Harvey 72. Perc. (1590) 21 Diuisions framde 
with such long discords, and not so much as a concord to 
end withall, argues a bad eare. c1g92 Martowe Yew of 
Malta w. iv, That kiss again ! She runs division of my 
lips. 1596 Saks. 1 //en. /V, 111. i, 209 Ditties..Sung by a 
faire Queene.. With ravishing Diuision to her Lute. 1628 
Forp Lover's Mel. 1. i, He could not run division with 
more art Upon his quaking instrument. 1674 PLayrorp 
Séill Mus, uu. 101 A Bass-Viol for Divisions must be of less 
size, 1737 BrackEN Farriery Impr. (1756)1. 308 Time will 
not permit me to yun Divisions upon each of the Symptoms. 
1779 Suerivan Critic 1. i, Signoras. .gargling glib divisions 
in their outlandish throats. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 21/2 
s.v. Music, In the fine chorus .. when the line ‘ Hark ! 
hpw the thund ’ring giant roars’ occurs, he makes the bases 
roar in a long division, till they nearly gasp for breath. 

+b. fig. Variation, modulation. Ods. 

3605 Siaks. Macé. 1. iii. 96 The King- becoming Graces 

. | haue no rellish of them, but abound In the diuision of 
each seuerall Crime, Acting it many wayes. 

. The separating of the members of a legislative 
body, etc. into two groups, in order to count their 
votes ; in the British Houses of Parliament effected 
by their passing into separate lobbies, the numbers 
on each side being counted by tellers. 

1620 Frul. Ho. Com, 13 Feb. 1. 520 A go whether the 
I or Noe to go out. The Noe yielded, before Division of 
the House. 1771 Gentd. Mag. XLI. 103 The Minority on 
the —_ was 101, 1994 /bid. LXIV. 1. 727, The question 

- was th wg deg and negatived without a division. 1871 M. 
Coutins rg. §& Merch. II. iv. 115 He was in every 
nw and sat out every debate, 

I. What produces, or is Produced by, dividing. 

9. ‘enlace that divides or marks separation ; 
a dividing line or mark; a graduated scale (quot. 
1669); a boundary; a partition. 

.€139t Cuaucer Astro/. 1. § 19 Thise same strikes or diui- 
siouns Azymuthz, had they ni the Orisonte 
of thin astrelabie in 24 deuisiouns. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM 
Cosmogr. Glasse 6 Noting and observin, certaine divisions, 
answe! unto .v. b ome one ralelles. 1669 Srurmy 
Mariner s Mag. v. 76 On one side the slit you must place 
a Division of Inches, and every Inch into 10 J Pts Divided. 


of the moon. r 
“10. One ott the wets into which anything is or 
may be divided ; a portion, section. 
one ct adicatureAct of of 387 35 naapeloag King’ s(Queen 's) 
Pl ‘divisions’ of 
= High Court of 5 oo ange Waren Division, King’s 
Bench Division, Probate and d Atuteey Diviclen. 
1374 Cuaucer Compl. Mars 273 To yow hardy knyghtis 


of renoun, Syn that ye. be of my deuisioun. 1382 Wyctir 
2 Chron, xxxi. 2 -sette prestis es and 
Se: ytis bi their devediamn “echone in 1577 


pro} 
1. (1586) 35 b, The leafe jagged 
= five divisions like a starre. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 225 
P 5 If we look into particular Communities an: Divisions of 
Men..it is the discreet Man..who ge the Conversation. 
1719 Swirt To Vug. Clergyman 1755 II, 11. 10 Desir- 
ing you to express the heads Ad your divnicns in as few and 
clear words as you possibl 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 
335/2 The total number the itmetropolitan police) force is 
3486, who are placed in divisions, each division being em- 
ployed in a distinct district. 1865 W. L. C. pega vii. 
117 Forms, or divisions, as they are termed at Eton. xa 
Devutscu Nem, 265 Our document contains six cies 
divisions. 

b. sfec. A portion of a country, territory, county, 
district, etc., as marked off for some political, mili- 
tary, administrative, judicial, or other purpose ; 
e.g. the parliamentary or petty sessional divisions 
of the counties of the United Kingdom, the mz/7- 
tary divisions of the United States; the admint- 
strative divisions of the Serpe (except Madras) 
and provinces of British India, presided over by a 
commissioner, and subdivided into ‘ districts’. 

1640-1 Arrke hd br War-Comm., Min. Bk, (1855) 73 The 
Committie ordaines that everie captaine, within this divi- 
sione, bring in all the runawayes to the next Committie 
day. 1709 Lutrret, Brief Rel. (2857) VI. 463 The con- 
stable. .was out of his division. 4 bce . Gazetteer (ed. 2) 
s.v. 7ruro, The quarter-sessions for its S. and W. divisions 
being generally held here. 1802 Brookes Gazeteer (ed. 12), 
Kesteven, one of the three divisions of Lincolnshire. 1835 
Penny Cyel. 1V. 479/2 (Blackburn) A sort of supreme 
authority is vested in two officers .. called high-constables, 
one for the higher and the other for the lower division of the 
hundred. 1837 /did. VIII. 4562 (Devonshire) The county 
is divided into two parts for the purpose of parliamentary 
representation : cack division sends two members. 1881 
Imp, Gaz. India \, 531 Benares—a Division under a Com- 
missioner in the North Western Provinces comprising the 
six Districts of Azamgarh, [etc.]. 1 Oxford Direct., 
Oxford, the capital of and a polling place for the Mid division 
of the county. .is locally in the hundred and petty sessional 
division of Bullingdon. 

e. Mil. and Naut. A portion of an army or fleet, 
consisting of a definite number of troops or vessels, 
under one commanding officer ; also applied to a 
definite portion of a squadron or battalion (see 
quots.) ; also, a portion of a ship’s company ap- 
propriated to a particular service. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V,1. iii. 70 His diuisions .. Are in 
three Heads: one Power against the French, And one 
against Glendower: Perforce a third Must take vp vs. 1623 
Bincuam Xenophon 108 When day-light a at euery 
Coronell led his Diuision or Regiment to a villa, 1730-6 
Baiey (folio), Division (in Marit. Affairs) he third part 
of a naval army or fleet, or of one of the squadrons — 
under a general officer. 1 lustr. Reg. Caval: 
Each Squadron is to be told off—by Half squadrons. me 
divisions. Eight sub-divisions. 1810 WeLLincton in Gurw, 
Desp. V1. 79 An army composed of divisions. 1832 Kegud. 
Lustr, Cavalry 1. 45 Diviston—In its strict ree the fourth 
part of a Squadron. Divisions are numbered rst, ad, 3d, and 
4th from the right. Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Divi- 
sion, a select number of ships in a fleet or squadron dis- 
tinguished by a particular flag, pendant, or vane. 1879 
Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 1V. 320'Two or three battalions are 
usually formed into a brigade, two brigades into a division. 

da. Nat. Hist. A section of a larger group in 
classification: used widely of groups of higher or 
lower ee as the divisions of a kingdom, class, 
order, family, or genus. 

1833 — 4 c ofthe I. sor/2 Cuvier.. laid down the following 


oo0cE Heresbach's Husb, 


— tal he animal kingdom: os ge onmy H Verte- 

ated etc. ). Henrrey 
Bot, u. ii. 203 Jussieu established his pinary divisions 
of the Vegetable Kingdom on characters which .. define 


really natural grow: these characters stood the three 
divisions, Acoty, dodeas, Monocotyledons, and Dicotyledons, 
Ibid. n. iii. 218 ? Subkiny dom I. Phanerogamia. . Division 1. 
Angiospermia, 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 
9 Amniota. . Three classes are included in this division 
Varebrata, the Mammalia, Aves, and Reptilia. 
+11. Aus. A florid melodic passage: see 7. Obs. 
III. 12. attrib. and Combd., as division-bell, 
-list, -lobby (sense 8), -maker, -making, etc. ; divi- 
sion-mark (Mus.), a slur enclosing a numeral, 
placed over or under a group of notes not in the 
ordinary rhythm of the piece, (e.g. a triplet), and 
showing the number of notes; division-plate (see 
quot. 1874) 5 + division- viol, a smaller kind of 
“bass-viol ’ , adapted for playing ‘ divisions’ (sense 
7); ; the same as viola da gamba (obs.). 
PALsor. 408 ——s a iy nor the Gaulles suffre 
yng by this devysion mak _ 1656 Woop Life (Oxf. 
Hist Soc.) 1. 208 a a rare musicion, i 
for the Lyra violl and also for the Aivision violl. Cc 
Simpson Deo The co gg or the Art of playing 


ARLYLE Past me r. ae ix. 


aG 
(1845) 119 Potiamannry ‘rations division lists, 


DIVISIVENESS. 


funds. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Division-plate, the disk 
or wheel in the gear-cutting lathe, which is pierced with 
various circular systems of holes; each circle represents the 
divisions of a circumference into a given number of parts. 
1880 Strainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms, Division viol, 


a violin with frets u the finger-board. Times 1 Oct. 
= ide drill, ive days ; division drill manceuvres, 
‘our anda 


Hence Divisionist, one who favours or advo- 
cates division ; Divi‘sionless a., without divisions, 
(in quot., Not taking part in a division). 

MeCartiy Eng. gare nap nes ii. ii 37, A youthful 
ambition to be division! 1889 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 
15 Jan., The divisionists are pes ie by the absence 
from the house ., of [three members] in favour of division. 

Divisional (divi-zanal), a. (sd.) [see -a1.] 

1. Of the nature of division ; pertaining to, or 
— for, division ; characterized wy Civision, 

A. Hitt Let. to Ld. Bolingbroke 31 July, Wks. 17 
Me x Let this divisional contract hetwees as a 
encourage a corres ence. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 
447 The divisional line between Connecticut and Massa- 
chusetts. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. (1875) 11. 1. ye! 575 
A_ divisional structure, like that..derived from plates of 
mica. 1 Baitey Festus (1854). 172 Time is di 
eternity, all unitive. 1861 Crank Hist. Eng. Lit. 1. 260 
Separated by a point, or other divisional ‘mart 

Of a lower denomination which. exactly di- 
vides or measures the higher; fractional ; forming 
an aliquot part of the standard. Also as sd, an 
aliquot part, a submultiple. 


1826 Bentuam in MWestm. Review V1. 504 Successive 
divisional operations, performed w cae same integral 
subject-matter. 1880 Libr. Univ. Anowl. (N. Y.) 1X. 764 


Prefixing the Greek words.. for multiples, and the Latin <a 
centi, and milli for divisionals. 1892 Daily News 5 Sept. 
5/1 A new issue of divisional money is contemplated. 

2. Of or belonging to a division, section, or. por- 
tion: see Division 10, 

Stocqueter Handbk. Brit. India (18 ot Wee, 
a pe, hobs station, the head-quarters of ae i cae ; 
mand. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii. Il. 17 A peo ho 
without any special and recognised names either aggregate 
or divisional. 1875 Kinciake Crimea (1877) V. i. 95 The 
divisional commander and his brigadier. 1896 7/¥mes 
(weekly ed.) 17 Apr. 292/2 The police divisional surgeon. 

Hence Divi'sionally adv., in relation to division, 
or to a division. 

1872 Daily News 26 Aug., To accustom themselves and 
their respective ds to work div lly. 1887 Lecky 
Eng. in 18th C. V1. xxv. 580 Throwing the greatest part of 
the borough representation into the counties, collectively or 
divisionally. 

Divi'sionary, @. rare. [f. Division + -ary!.] 
= DIVISIONAL. 

1815 Q. Rev. (F. Hall). 1828 in Wessrer. G. P. 
Scrore Geol. etc. France (ed. 2) 171 The three chi modifi- 
cations of divisionary structure. 1891 7%mres 30 Dec. 3/5 
Silver can serve all the purposes’ of the divisionary money, 

+ Divi-sionate, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. as prec. 
+-ATE3.] ¢rans, To make division of, divide: 

a1586 Sipney /Wanstead Play Wks. (1674) 622 (D.) 
[Pedantic schoolmaster speaking] First, you must divisionate 
your point [of argument}, quasi gra should cut a chees into 
two particles .. which must also be sub-divisionated into 
three equal species. 

+ Divi‘sioner. Os. [f. as prec. + -en1 1,] 
One who makes a division. 

1616 R. SHetpon Miracles A ntichr. 181 (T.) The divisioner, 
which was Freeman the Ignatian, and +a other priests, 
thought that I knew nothing of the grand 


Divisive (divai'siv), a. [f. 


eo pe "dit Visiv-us, 
f. divis-: see DivisE and -IvE. cer. devisif, -tve 
(16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 


1. Having the quality or function of dividing ; 
causing or Led rian | division or distribution ; 
— or perceiving distinctions, analytical. 

1603 HotLanp Plntarehs 3 en or anes Dualitie, which is 
a divisive nature. fa fetes reat, Daniels Weeks 
Wks. 111. (1672) pote ae Carat want ceene eee which 
the Grammarians call Distributive or Divisive, Terni, re 
terni, guind .. ~ &e. slop Svat Hist. Philos IIL. ut. 82 
The as the d A: 
the divisive, @ 1688 Cupwortn /mmnt. Mor. wW, iii. (R. 
Cartyie Schiller 


faint spi so avian’ al 
or vision on, 
au Pott or discord. : ‘ 


self-conceited or divisive, as to think we muse a 
those -.that differ. from us. 39x Act Boe = 


Ch, of Scott. epeve yada 
Cs 2 hat shall = ona 


blishment of the Ch — 
Voltaire, Mi Mise. (1872) 11. 147 Vanity be is ne a aivisive, 
of a uniting nature. 

Hence Divi'sively adv., in a divisive manner, by 
way of division; Divi'siveness, the of 
ee mans. tendency to divide or up. 

. are in 


Hooker Feel. Pol. vin. iv. § 6 
authority over the Church, if not collectively, divisively 


rstood ; that is each person 
Church, toa Wanner AZ, . Epit. (x612) 353 Seouat 


* | peoples. - 1837 nthe Rev. We ut. i. (1872) 100 So 
ee Ne aa eanheney to unite, with all the invincible 


. 


DIVISOR. 


divisiveness he has! 1887 Pall Mail G. 29 Oct. 2/2 This, 


surely, of all times is not the hour for divisiveness. Every 
soldier is wanted. . Every voice calls for union. 
Divisor (divoi‘za1). Also 5 -er, -our. [ad. 


L. divisor-em, agent-n. from dividére to DivibE; 
h. in early instances a. F, divisewr (15th c, in 
atz.-Darm.).] , 

1. Math, A number or quantity by which another 
is to be divided. (Correlative to DIVIDEND.) 

c 1430 Art Nombrynge (E.E.T,S.) 12 The last figure of 
nombre of the dyvyser. /é/d., Yfit happe. . pat pe last of the 
divisor may not so oft be withdraw of the figure above his 
hede. 14.. Mann. & Househ. Exp. 439, clx. roddes is 
one acre; wher fore he must ever be your devysour. 1674 
_ Arith, (1696) 30 This Remain is always less than the 

ivisor. 1806 Hurron Course Math. 1. 64 Division of 
Vulgar Fractions..invert the terms of the divisor, and 
multiply the dividend by it. 7 

b. A number or quantity that divides another 
exactly ; a measure, factor. 

Common divisor, a number or quantity that divides each 
of two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder ; 
=common measure or factor. 

1557 Recorpe Whetst. Gijb, Take any twoo square 
nombers, that will admitte one diuisor, 1858 ‘TopHUNTER 
Algebra vi. § 106 The term greatest common measure is 
not very appropriate in Algebra .. It would be better to 
speak of the highest common divisor or of the highest 
common méasure, 18539 Barn. Smiru Algebra (ed. 6) 290 
The Highest Common Divisor of the expressions. attrzb. 
1817 CoLesrooKe Algebra 229 The divisor quantity, f 

+2. One who divides; a person appointed to di- 
vide property. Ods. rare. 

I Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 31 The iiij men divisores 
and prycers of this forsayd Inventory. 

Divisorrial, @. rare. [f.as next+-an.] Char- 
acterized by dividing. 

1882 Exwes tr. Cafello §& Ivens’ Benguella I. vii. 148 
The divisorial line of the waters of the two rivers. 

Divisory (divai-zéri), a. [ad. med. or mod.L. 
divisori-us, {. divisor: see above and -ory.] Per- 
taining to division or distribution among a number. 

1614 Rarricn Hist. World 1. xvi, § 2. 467 Diuers sorts 
of lots..as in the diuision of grounds or honours ; and in 
thinges to be vnder-taken: the two first kindes were called 
diuisorie; the third diuinatorie. 1656 FuLLerR Notes 
on Fonah (1657) 39 Lots were of three natures, 1°, divina- 
torie, 2™4, Divisorie, 3™¥, consultory. 1710 Brit. Apollo 
IIL. No. 65. 1/2, 1880 Muirneap Gaius Digest 442 The 
divisory actions were the a. familiae erciscundae for par- 
titioning an inheritance, communi dividundo for dividing 
common property, and jinium regundorum for settling 
boundaries. 1885 Lorenz tr. Van der Kessel’s Select Thesis 
ecclxi, In divisory contracts made..between a surviving 
parent and the relatives of the ward. 

+ Divitiate, v. Obs. [f. L. divitix riches + 
-ATE3.] ¢vans. To enrich, 

31627 Fettuam Resolves 1. Ixxiv, Not possession, but use 
divitiates a man more truely. 1656 in BLount Glossogr. 

+ Divitio'sity. Ots.—° [ad. med.L, divite- 
Ositas, {, divitidsus abounding in riches : see -1TY.] 
‘ Abundance of riches’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656). 

Divitism (dai-vitiz’m). xonce-wd. [f. L. divit- 
(dives) rich +-1sM.] The condition of being rich. 

1890 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 230 Pauperism and divitism 
would disappear, 

Divoit, obs. Sc. form of DEvovt. 

Divolve, erroneous form of DEVOLVE v. 

Divorce (divoe'1s), sb. Also 4-5 de-, dy-, di- 
vors, 4-6 de-, dyvorse, 4~7 devorce, 5 devourse, 
5-7 divorse, 6 dyvores. [a. F. divorce €14th 
c. in Hatz,-Darm.) =It. dvorszo, Sp., Pg. dvorcio 
:—L. divortiu-m (divertium) separation, dissolution 
of marriage by consent, n. of action f. divertére 
(earlier divortére) to turn aside, spec. of a woman, 
to a per from or leave her husband.] 

1. Legal dissolution of marriage by a court or 
other competent body, or according to forms re- 
cognized in the country, nation, or tribe. 

Formerly and still often (e.g. historically or anthropologi- 
cally) used in the widest sense; hence, including the 
formal putting away of, or ion from, a sp ya 
heathen or barbarian; the pronouncing a marriage to have 
‘been invalitl from the beginning owing to fraud, or to legal, 
canonical, or * i oa ny oma of the parties, as in the 
‘divorce’ of Henry VIII from Catherine (now called in 
English Law decree of nullity), and the ‘ divorce a mensa 
et thoro’ (from bed and board), long the only ‘divorce’ 
recognized by English law, but now, since 1857, called 
‘judicial separation’. But, in strict legal use, now applied 
in English-speaking countries only to the dissolution by 
decree of court of what was in itself a legal marriage, upon 

uunds sanctioned by the law, and upon evidence accepted 

y the court, 

1377 Lana. P. Pl. B. 1. 175 Owre synne to suffre, as 
auoutrie and deuofr]ses. x, Ibid. C. xxi. 139 He made 
leel matrimonye Departe er dep come and a deuors shupte. 
¢1400 Afol. Loli. 72 Be ware of making of mariagis, & of 
diuorsis or dipartingis. 1520 Caxton'’s Chron, Eng. vu. 
80/x In the same yere was made a dyvorce bytwene the 
kynge of Fraunce and the quene his wyfe, 1611 Biste 

fer. iii. 8, 1 had put her away and giuen her a bill of 
diuorce. 1613 Suaxs. Hen, V///, wu. ii. 31 The Cardinall 
did intreat his Holinesse To stay the ludgement o’th’Di- 


uorce, Avpison Tatler No. 20 P 2 A Method of 
obtaining a Divorce from a Marriage, which I know the 
Law wi mounce void. 1765-9 BLacksTonE Comm. 
793) 559 In cases of total divorce, the marriage is declared 
null, as having been absolutely unlawful initio .. for 


which reason..no divorce can be obtained, but during the 


559 


life of the parties, 1893 Eart Dunmore Pamirs I. 337 
This. .widow marries the first man that takes her fancy : as 
..she can get a divorce for the modest sum of threepence- 
halfpenny. bd . 

2. transf. and fig. Complete separation; dis- 
union of things closely united. : 

_ Wyciir Serm, Sel. Wks. I. 26 Anticrist hab so 
weddid pes goodis wip preestis pat noon may make pis 
dyvors. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4775 Bischope Ear- 
dulphe. .To pe blisse of heuen wende, Fra pis werlde made 
deuorse. ¢1532 Drewes /utrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1050 ‘Vo 
suffre devorce or departyng betwene his soule and his body. 
1599 Suaks. //en. V, v. ii. 394 To make diuorce of their in- 
corporate League. 1680 Boye Scept. Chem. 1. 41 Without 
«.having their coherence violated by the divorce of their 
associated parts. 1726 Ayurre Parergon 110"Tis hard to 
make a Divorce between things that are so near in Nature 
to each other, as being convertible Terms. 1852 H. RoGers 
Ect. Faith (1853) 304 The divorce between the ‘spiritual 
faculties’ and the intellect. .is impossible. ; 

+3. That which causes divorce or separation. 

1sg2 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 932 Hateful divorce of love’, 
—thus chides she Death. 1607 — 770m .W. iii. 382 [To 
the Gold] O thou sweete King-killer, and deare diuorce 
‘Twixt naturall Sunne and sire. 

4. attrib., as divorce-court, etc. 

a 1806 Horstey Sf. Adultery Bill (R.\,_Expatiating. . 
upon. .the perversion as well as the abuse of many divorce- 
bills which had passed the legislature. 1837 /’ewwy Cycd. 
IX, 40/t Divorce bills have not improperly been called the 
privilege ofthe rich. 1891 Lazu 7ismes XCII. 104/2 A point 
of Divorce law and practice. 

Divorce (divoe1s), v. Forms: see prec. [a. 
F. divorce-r (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) :—med.L. 
divortiire to dissolve a marriage (Du Cange), f. L. 
divortium ; see prec.] 

1. trans. To dissolve the marriage contract be- 
tween (husband and wife) by process of law; to 
separate by divorce from. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. v. cxiii. 86 The Kynge..sayde if yt 
were true, she shuld frome hym be deuorcyd. 1536 
Wruiotnestey Chron. (1875) I. 41 The King was divorsed 
from his wife Queene Anne. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars 
(Camden) 70 The byshoppe of Wynchester that was than 
was devorsyd from hys wyffe in Powlles, the whyche was a 
bucheres wyff of Nottynggam, and gave hare husbande a 
sartyne mony a yere dureynge hys lyffe. 1613 Saks. 
Hen. VIII, w. i. 32 By the maine assent Of all these 
Learned men, she was diuorc’d, And the late Marriage 
made of none effect. a1734 Nortu Exam. 1. iv, § 57 
(1740) 260 When that extraordinary Law passed, to divorce 
the Earl of Ross from his Wife. 1771 Hooxe Nom. Hist. 
x1. iv, Scribonia was divorced from him [Octavius] the very 
day she was brought to bed of the famous Julia. 

b. reft. 

7593 Suaxs. 3 Hex. VJ, 1. i. 247, I here diuorce my selfe, 
Both from thy Table, Henry, and thy Bed. 1886 I. M. 
Crawrorp Lonely Parish xiv, Mrs. G...seemed never to 
have thought of divorcing herself from her husband. 

e. intr. (for refl.) 

1643 Mitton Divorce 1. iv, The reasons which now move 
him to divorce, are equal to the best of those that could first 
warrant him to marry. @1649 Drumm. or Hawt. Hist, 
Fas. V, Wks. (1711) 100 King Henry, impatient of delays 
and amorous, divorceth from his own queen, and marrieth 
Anne Bullen. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Comm. (ed. 2) 116 
Justinian enacted that a man or a woman who divorced 
without a cause should retire to a cloister. : 

2. trans. To put away (a spouse) ; to repudiate, 

I [see Divorcine below]. 1526-34 Tinpace A/atz. v. 

2 Whosoever maryeth her that is devorsed breaketh wed- 
focks, c1gso Cueke Matt. v. 31 Whosoever divorceth his 
wife let him give her a diuorsment bil. @1656 Bre. Hatt 
Rem. Wks. (1660) 161 Another allows a man to divorce that 
wife he hath upon sleight occasions, and to take another. 
1771 Hooke Rom. Hist. Index, Antony. .divorces his wife, 
and marries Fulvia.. Declares Cleopatra his wife. Divorces 
Octavia. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 40/1 By the Mohammedan 
law a man may divorce his wife orally and without any 
ceremony..He may divorce her twice, and take her again 
without hee consent ; but if he divorce her a third time. .he 
cannot receive her again until she has been married and 
divorced by another husband. 

3. To dissolve (a marriage or union). arch. 

1s80 Sipney Arcadia wm. Wks. 1724 II. 545 The cruel 
villain forced the sword. .to divorce the fair marriage of the 
head and body. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. x, An unlawful 
marriage may be lawfully divorced. 1873 Browninc Red 
Cott. Nt.-Cap 243 When death divorces such a fellowship. 

g- To separate ; to sever, cut off, part. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xx, Howe his goste and he 
were deuorced. 15; Lamparve Peramb. Kent (1826) 89 
It was sometime divorced from the continent by a water. 
1594 Hooker Zecd. Pol. u.v. § 5 Were it consonant vnto 
reason to diuorce these two sentences? 1659 B, Harris 
Parival’s Iron Age 29 The King divorced himself from the 
Church of Rome. r Cowrer Jask 1. 748 Till .. knees 
and hassocks are well nigh divorced. 1871 ‘TyNDALL 
are Se. (1879) Il. ix. 192 Divorced from matter, where 
is life 

+b. intr. (for refl.) Obs. 

1687 Drypen Hind §& P. 11. 205 Divorcing from the 
Church to wed the dame, 

5. trans. fig. To put away, remove, dispel; to 
repudiate. 

a1sgz Martowe & Nasue Dido mm. ii, Fair queen of love, 
I will divorce these doubts, 1593 Suaks. Rich. II, v. iv. 9 
The man That would diuorce this terror from my heart. 
1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince xii. (Rtldg. 1883) 77 In time 
of peace they [mercenaries] divorce you. 1712 iene 
Creation v1, The pipe distinguished by its gristly rings To 
cherish life aerial pasture brings, Which the soft-breathing 
lungs with gentle force Constant embrace by turns, by turns 
divorce, 1865 Swinpurne Poems §& Ball., Rococo 30 Say 
March may wed September And time divorce regret, 


DIVOT. 


Hence Divorreed ff/. a.; Divo'reing v7. sb. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 139 Guynuld..gaf to 
her housbonde a perpetuel dyvorsynge and forsakynge. 1535 
CoverpaLe Lev, xxi. 14 No wedowe, ner deuorsed, ner 
defyled .. but a virgin of his awne people shal he take to 
wife. 1642 Mitton Afod. Smect. xi. Wks. (1847) 95 1 Why 
do we not say as to a divors't wife. 1645 — 7ezrach. Deut. 
xxiv. 1-2, The divorcing of an Israelitish woman was as 
easy by the law as the divorcing of a stranger. 1861 Mrs. 
H. Woop Last Lynne u. xi, ‘Vo marry a divorced woman. 


Divorceable (divoeusab'l), @. In 7 divorci- 
ble. [f. Divorce v.+ -aBLE.] Capable of being 
divorced ; liable to divorce. 

1645 Mitton Colast. Wks. (1847) 229/2 It can be no 
human society, and so not without reason divorcible. 1737 
Strackunouse Hist. Bible, N. 7. (1765) V. ut. 336 note, If 
she found not grace in her husband's eyes, she was divorce- 
able. 1813 Byron in Moore Life (1866) 215 Lady — and 
her daughter Lady—both divorceable. 

Divorcee (divoe:1s7").  [f. Divorce v. + -EE. 
But generally used in the Fr, forms dzvorcé masc., 
divorcée fem. (dzvorse), pa. pple. used subst. of dz- 
vorcer to divorce.] A divorced person. 

1813 Mar. EpGewortu Patron, (1833) I. 71 (Stanf.) The 
mother was a divorcée. 1877 Reape Woman Hater ii. 
(1883) 13 (Stanf.) He was now a divorcé. 1880 Daily News 
1 Oct. 6/1. The Church would .. refuse to sanction .. any 
civil marriage between divorcees and co-respondents, 1884 
Mrs. C. Prarp Zero xviii, Divorcées were in the ascendant. 

Divo'rceless, ¢. nonce-wi. ‘[f. Divorce sd. 
+-LEss.] Not practising or liable to divorce, 

1825 CoLeripce Aids Refl. Aph. xxxvi. (1848) I. 86 Con- 
template the filial and loyal Bee ; the home-building, wedded, 
and divorceless Swallow. 

Divorcement (div6o1smént), 
+-MENI.] 

1. The action of divorcing, or the fact of being 
divorced ; dissolution of the marriage tie; divorce. 

1526-34 TINDALE J/att. v. 31 Let hym geue her a testy- 
monyall also of the devorcement [¢ 1550 CHEKE a diuors- 
ment bill; 16xx a writing of diuorcement]. 1568 Grarron 
Chron, 1. 96 A devorcement was made, betwene king 
John and Avis his wife. 1627 Srrep England, [reland 
1, § 18 Their wiues were many, by reason of diuorcements. 
1702 Ecuarp £ccé. Hist. (1710) 494 She procured a divorce- 
ment from him, 1823 J. D. Hunter Captivity N. Amer. 
231 Marriage, widowhood, polygamy, divorcements. 

2. The severance of any close relation ; complete 
separation. 

155r T. Witson Logske (1567) 21 b, How then canst thou 
make a diuorsment, betwixte honestie and profite? 1593 
R. Harvey PAilad. Ded. 2 Diuorcement of heartes, 1822 
Byron Werner ww. i. 331 After twelve years divorcement 
from my parents. 1894 The Voice (N. Y.) 24 May, The 
eternal divorcement of church and saloonis. approaching. 

Divorcer (divoe1so1). [f. as prec. +-ER'.] 

1. a. One who divorces or puts away in legal 
form a wife or husband. b. One who or that 
which divorces or separates husband and wife. 

1613 Drumm. or Hawrtu. Cypress Grove (J.), Death is the 
violent estranger of acquaintance, the eternal divorcer of 
marriage. 1644 Mitton Ydgm. Bucer (1851) 318 They 
think it follows that second marriage is in no case to be 
permitted either to the Divorcer, or to the Divorced. 183 
CartyLe in Froude Lif II. 189 Rutherford sate also within 
the ring with Dr. Lushington (the divorcer). 

2. fig. One who or that which severs or parts per- 
sons or things closely united. 

¢161z CuarMan /diad xvi. 759 Patroclus..was from his own 
[life] divorced, And thus his great divorcer braved: [etc.]. 
1822 Lams “ia Ser. 1. Distant Corr., Since then the old 
divorcer [death] has been busy. 1827 Hoop Hero § Leander 
xviii, That cold divorcer will be twixt them still. 

Divorcive (divoe1siv), @ Also -sive. [f. as 
prec. +-IVE.] Causing or leading to divorce. 

1643 Mitton Divorce 1. i, The grave and pious reasons of 
this divorsive Law. /6/d. 11. xviii. (1738) Divorcive Adultery. 

+ Divor:cy, divorrcie. Ods. [ad. L. dvorti-um, 
med.L. divorct-am: see above.] = Divorce sd. 

1565 Cot. ALLEN in Fulke Confut. Purg. (1577) 12 Often 
diuorcies, and perpetuall change for nouelty. /d7d. 15. 

+ Divorsion. Sc. Obs. rare. [f. med.L. de 
vortion-em, n. of action f. divor tere, divertére : see 
Divorce 5b.) Divorcing, Divorce. ‘ 

1596 Darympte tr. Leslie's ‘ist. Scot. 1x. 205 Anent the 
controuersie of diuorsioun and pairteng betuene him and her. 

+ Divorrt, v. Obs. rare. fad. L. divort-ére, 
archaic var. of divertére to turn aside; cf. Divorce 
5b.] intr. To turn away, separate (froma apeine). 

1s8r Nuce Seneca’s Octavia 1. iv, She causeth Make 
from spouse for to divort. : 

Divot (di-vat), sb. Sc. and xorth. dial, Forms: 
6 diffat, -et, devait, (dovet), 7-8 devot, 7-9 
divet (7 divott, 8 diviot), 7- divot. 

A slice of earth with the grass growing upon it, a 
turf, a sod, such as are used in the north for roofing 
cottages, forming the edges of thatched roofs, the 
tops of dry-stone walls, etc. 

The thicker, more earthy sods used in building walls or 
dikes, are called fails ; hence the common collocation faé/ 
and divot. The digging and throwing up of either is ‘ cast- 
ing’: see Cast v. 28. y 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 179 Gret strenthis of 
treis, stanis and devaitis, a 1670 SpaLpinc 7roub. Chas. I 
(1829) 27 This kiln was first covered with divots. 1771 
Pennant Tour Scotl. (1790) 132 The houses .. are formed 
with loose stones and covered with clods which they call 
devots. c1817 Hoce Tales § Sk. V. 214 A coverlet worked 
as thick as adivot. 1843 T. Witson Pitman's Pay Note 


[f. Divorce v. 


DIVOT. 


(Northumbld. Gloss.), The cot! on the Fell were all 
cov with divots. a@x1852 Maccu.ivreay Nat. Hist. 
Dee Side (1855) 193 [He] conducted us to his Museum, 
a little hut, built of stones and roofed with divots. 1895 
Crockett Men of Mosshags 150 Clodding him with divots 


of and sod. 
gl Fs a material. 


1536 BeLtenven Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 172 He beildit ane 
huge wall of fail and devait. 1541 Ld. 7'reas, Accts. in 
Pitcairn Crim. Trials (1830) I. 312 Theking of the Tour 
with brwme and dovet. a saps Disomal ay avee pene Ges) 
322 The toun of Edinburgh begane to big thair fortressis of 
diffet and mik. 1605 eu Contract in J. Mill Diary (1889) 
193 To cast faill and devot on the ground of Sumburgh .. 
according to use and wont. 1 Crt. Bk. of Barony of 
Urie (1892) 133 ‘The said turf or divot so cast to be forfeit. 
1861 Smites Engineers Il, Rennie i. 102 To fetch a load of 
‘divot’ from Gladsmuir, or of coal from the nearest colliery. 

e. Se. Law. Fail (feal) and divot, ‘a rural 
servitude, importing a right in the proprietor of 
the dominant tenement to cut and remove turf for 
fences or for thatching or covering houses or the 
like purposes, within the dominant lands’ (Bell 
Dict. Law Scot.). 

1593 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 161 That the saidis glebes 
be designed with freedome of foggage, pastourage, ewall, 
faill, diffat, loning, frie ischue and entrie. 1693 Stair 
Instit. Law Scot. u. vii. § 13 (ed. 2) 288 A Servitude of 
Pasturage introduced by Fourty years peaceable Possession 
of the Pasturage, was not to be extended to Feal and Divet. 
1754 Erskine /’riuc. Sc. Lazw (1809) 223 We have two pre- 
dial servitudes .. viz. that of fuel or feal and divot, and of 
thirlage. 1773 — Justit, Law Scot. 1, 1. ix. § 17. 1814 
Scort Wav. x ii, Rights of pasturage—fuel—feal and divot. 

d. Comé., as divot-cast, as much (land) as one 
divot might be ‘cast’ or cut off ; divot-seat, one 
made of divots; divot-spade, a spade for casting 
turf, a flaughter-spade. 

1725 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. u. i, There you may see him 
lean, And to his divot-seat invites his frien’. 1818 Houc 
Brownie of Bodsbeck 11. 15 (Vjaam.) The old shepherd was 
sitting on his divot-seat, without the door. 1818 Scorr //rt. 
Midi, xii, He hasna a divot-cast of land in Scotland, 

Divot, v. Sc. [f. prec.sb.] a. évans.'To cover 
with divots; b. zr. ‘To cast or cut divots’ (Jam.). 

1696 Banff Burgh Rec. in Cramond Ann. Banff (1893) 11. 
176 ‘To repaire the thatch by divoteing the house. 

Divot, obs. Sc. form of Devout. 


+ Divulgate, 7//. 2. Obs. [ad. L. divulgat- 
us, pa. pple. of drvulgdre to DivuLGE.] Made 
public, spread abroad. (Chiefly used as pa. pple. 
= divulged.) 

ax440 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. FT. S.) 19 This 
dede anoon was dyvulgate by all the Cyte. 1513 DouGias 
ZEneis Dyrectioun, ad fin., Every burell rude poet divul- 
gait. 1536 BettenpeNn Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 210 The fame 
of this unhappy battall, divulgat in the cuntre. 1574 
Hettowes Gueuara’s Fam, Ep. (1577) 216 It was diuulgate 
through all Rome. . 

Divulgate (diva lgéit, dai-), v. Also 6 de-. 
[f. L. divulgat-, ppl. stem of divulgare to DIVULGE. 
Pa. pple. and (in Sc.) pa. t. in 16th c. often divul- 
gale: see prec.) ¢rans. To make commonly 
known; to publish abroad. 

Bae Parser. 5237/2, I dyvulgate a mater, I blowe it abrode 
.. L thought full lytell he wolde have dyvulgate this mater. 
153t Exvor Gov. Proem, I am violently stered to deuulgate 
or sette fourth some part of my studie, 1623 Hart Ar- 
raignm, Ur. 1. vi. 119, I hope that honest and ingenuous 
Physitians will. .abstaine from divulgating abroad their billes 
or kes. 1824 Lanpor /mag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 362, 
I know not whether the facts have been divulgated. 1878 
Besant & Rice Monks of Th. xxv, Why should she wish 
her choice to be divulgated? 

Hence Divwigated ///. a., Divu'lgating vi/. 
sb. ; also Divu‘lgater, -ator. 

1537 THrocMorton Let. to Cromwell in Froude Hisé. 
Eng. (1858) III. 228 The divulgating of the censures. 1599 
Jas. I Bata, Awpov To Rdr., ‘The un-timous divulgating of 
this booke. 163. M. Parker //arry White's Haener th ), 
‘To that great pe oag ng? And neat divulgater Whom the 
citie admires. 1842 Blackw. Mag. LIL. 659 Our divulged 
wnd divulgated attachment to the veneranda rubigo. 

tap ar (divalgéifan, dai-), Also 6 de-. 

ad. L, divulgation-em, n. of action f. divulgare to 

IVULGE: cf. F, divulgation (16th c.).] 

+1. The action of publishing or making known 
abroad; publication. Ods. 

cxsqo tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) 1. 25 The first 
springe and divulgation of the hollie yon 1548 Hau 

hron., Hen, VII (an. 7) (1809) 463 This Devulgacion that 
Richard sonne of K ng Edward was yet lyvyng. 1727 
Woopwarp Willin A. Sedgwick's Life & Lett, (1890) I, 186 
‘Yo prejudice the sale and divulgation of any of the said 
copies. c1800 K. Wurre Rem. (1837) 398 A rule of moral 
conduct, such as the world never had any idea of before 
its divulgation. 1823 Benruam in Parr’s Wks. ere VILL. 
7 That they will oppose no obstruction to the divul — of it. 

2. The divulging or revealing of something pri- 
vate or secret; revelation, disclosure. 

1610 Heatey St, Ang. Citie of God 280 Had they beene 
honest, they would not have feared divulgation. 1638 
a R. in Featly’s Strict. Lyndom. u. 66 Divulgation of secret 

ysteries, 1860 7¥mes 17 Dec. 6/5 His organ for the divul- 
gation of Cabinet secrets. 

tory (dive'lgitari), a. [f. L. divulgat-, 
ppl. stem of divulgare to divulge + -ory.] Tend- 
ng to publish or make known. 

18.. Emerson Sp., Hree Relig. Assoc. (Cent.), Nothing 
really is so self-publishing, so di , as thought, 


560 


Divulge (divoldz, dai-),v, Also 5 dy-. [ad. 
L. divulga-re to of abroad among the people, 
make common, f. di-, Dis- 1 + vulgare to make 
common, publish ; cf. F. divulguer (14th c.), but 
the palatalized g in English is abnormal.] 

+1. trans. To make publicly known, to publish 
abroad (a statement, etc.). Obs. 

1460 Carcrave Chron. 1 It is somewhat divulgid in this 
lond, that I have aftir my possibilitie be occupied in wryting. 
1490 Caxton Encydos vi. 25 Fame of his ouurages hath ben 
dyuulged. 1548 Haut Chron, Hen. 1V (an, 3) 20 Whiche 
fraude the Kynz caused openly to be published and divulged. 
1669 GALe Crt, Gentiles 1. u. i. 4 Their fables they divulge, 
first by Hymns and Songs. 1768 H. Wacrote //ist. Doubts 
14 It is impossible to believe the account as fabricated and 
divulged by Henry the Seventh. 1791 Cowrer //iad 1. 133 
Among the Danai thy dreams Divulging. 

+ b. To proclaim (a person, etc.) publicly. Ods. 

1598 Suaks. Merry W, m1. ii. 42, I will divulge Page him- 
selfe for a secure and wilfull Acteon. 1671 Mitton P. 2. 
ut. 60 When God .. with approbation marks The just man, 
and divulges him through Heaven To all his angels. 

+. To publish (a book or treatise). Obs. 

1566 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xviii. 517 That treatise .. so 
publickly by print divulged and dispersed. 1644 Mutton 
A reop.(Arb ) 53 Ye must repeal and proscribe all scandalous 
and unlicenc’t books already printed and divulg’d. 1709 
Stryre Aun. Ref. I. Wii. 629 Divers other articles .. pro- 
pounded and divulged aheosd by the said Cartwright. 

2. To declare or tell openly (something private 
or secret) ; to disclose, reveal. 

1602 Marston Ant. & Med. Induct. Wks. 1856 I. 4, I will 
ding his spirit to the verge of hell, that dares divulge 
a ladies prejudice. 1671 Mitton Samson 201 Who .. have 
divulg’d the secret gift of God To a deceitful woman. 1797 
Mrs. Rapcurre /talian xxvi, Command him to divulge 
the crimes confessed to him. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. 
1. ii. 268 Cowardly traitors hastened to save themselves, 
by divulging all..that had passed in the deliberations of 
the party. Z 

+3. transf. To make common, impart generally. 
[A Latinism.] Ods. rare. 

1667 Mitton P. L. viii. 583 The sense of touch..would not 
be To them made common & divulg’d. 

4. intr. (for ref.) To become publicly known. 
rare. 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. w. i. 22 To keepe it [a disease] from 
divulging, let’s it feede Euen on the pith of life. 1890 Cuitp 
Ballads vu. cxciv. 29 Nothing seems to have been done to 
keep the murder from divulging. 


Hence Divu'lged f//. a.; Divuwlging v0/. sd. and 


ppla © 


x6or Suaks. Al7's Well u.i. 174 A divulged shame Tra- 
duc'd by odious ballads. 1604 St. Trials, Hampton Crt. 
Confer, (R.), There is no such licencious divulging of these 
books. 1607 Torsett Kour-/. Beasts (1658) 555 That which 
divulged fame doth perswade the believers. 1614 'T. Apams 
Devil's Banguet 338 Cease your obstreperous clamours, and 
divulging slanders. 1883 Daily News 20 July 6/2 An action 
brought for alleged divulging of telegrams. 

+ Divwlge, 52. Vés. [f. prec. vb.] The act 
of divulging or publishing abroad. 

1619 Lusuincton Repet. Serm. in Phenix (1708) II. 478 
Our modern News .. 1s forg'd in Conventicles .. and the 
Divulge committed to some vigilant and watchful Tongue. 

Divu‘lgement. [f.as prec. + -MENT.] The 
action of divulging. Also, + concr. in pi. 

1632 Litucow 7'rav. x. 497 Rossay that kisseth the de- 
vulgements of the River. ¢38x7 HoGe 7ales & Sk, 11. 84 
Anxious and acrimonious act of divulgement. 1850 DausEexy 
Atom. The. xiv.(ed.2) 459 Divulgement would be considered 
as the deepest of crimes. 1876 MozLey Univ. Serm. xii. 
(1877) 226 It would not admit of unqualified divulgement of 
such truth as this. : ‘ 

Divulgence (dive'ldzéns, dai-).  [f- Divorce 
v. + -ENCE: app. by formeassociation with 7z7- 
dulgence, etc.) The action of divulging; dis- 


closure. 

1851 Dickens Our School in Househ, Words 11 Oct. 51/2 
The Chief ‘knew something bad of him’, and on pain of 
divulgence enforced Phil to be hisbondsman, 1875 Licurt- 
root Comm. Col. & Philem. (1276) 92 Their whole organisa- 
tion was arranged so as to prevent the divulgence of its secrets 
to those without. 


Divwlger. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One who 
divulges: @. a publisher (0ds.); b. a dise 
closer. 


1606 Proceed. agst. Garnet, etc. M ivb (T.), The first de- 
visers, and divdlgus of this scandalous report. ¢ x61 
Cuarman Jiiad xix. Comment., Our Commentators . . will 

no means allow the word campos here for Homer's, but 
an unskilfulness in the divulger. 1749 Fretpinc Jom 

‘ones it, ix, Like other hasty divulgers of news, he only 

rought on himself the trouble of contradicting it. 1782 
V. Knox Ess. vi. (R.), Those secrets, which. .the ence 
- a friend has made known to the treacherous divulger of 
them. 

+ Divulse,v. Obs. [f. L. divuls-, A 1. stem of 
divellére {. di-, Dis- 1 + vellére to pluck, pull: cf. 
convulse.] trans. To tear apart or asunder, 

1602 Marston Ant. § Ale?. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 9 Vaines, 
synewes, arteries .. Burst and divul’st with anguish of my 
griefe, 1633 ‘I. Bancrort Glutton's Feaver Biv, My 
sinewes all divul’st with passion fell. 1691 Brveriry 
Thous. Years Kingd. Christ F No part that can be 
divuls’d One from Another, but All Lying Close in a Line. 

Divulsion (divelfon, doi-). [a. F. divudsion 
(Montaigne, 1580) or ad, L. divulsion-em, n. of 
action f. divellére: see prec.] The action of tear- 
ing, pulling, or plucking asunder; the condition 


| 


. DIZEN. 
of being torn apart (from something) ; a rending 


> 

asunder, violent separation, laceration. Also fig. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 1340 That natures par- 
manent and divine should cohere unto Ives insep 
ably, and avoid as much as is possible all distraction and 
divulsion. 1605 G. Powet Refut. Epist. 40 It ..causeth 
and di: ion of affecti T._Scorr 
A fphor. of State 2 The divulsion of the Easterne Empire 
from the Westerne. 1684 T. Burner 7h. Earth 1. 137 
Others [islands].are made by divulsion from some con- 
tinent. 1885 G. H. Taytor Pelv. & Hern. Therap. 80 To 
sever such adhesi by sudden, forcible divulsion, is 
painful. = 

Divulsive (diva lsiv), a. [f. L. divuls-: see 
above and rad Tending to tear apart or asunder. 

¢ 1605 Rowtey Birth Merl. m. vi, Let tortures and divul- 
sive racks Force a confession from them. 1799 Kirwan 
Geol. Ess. 96 The divulsive force that separated Britain 
from Germany, seems to have been directed from north 
to south. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 11.1. xii, os id of 
vinegar : perhaps divulsive vinegar, like Hannibal's. 

*vvy, (divi.), colloq. abbreviation of Divi- 

DEND. Hence Di-vvy v. collog., to ‘ go shares’. 

1890 G. B. Suaw Fad. Ess. in Socialism 88 It degenerated 
into mere ae 24 hunting and eset ar re ing. 
1890 Nation (N.Y.) 10 Apr. 291/1 Where the chiefs have large 
families, and the ‘ divvies’ are inad for their support. 


P 


1893 A. Keneaty Molly & Her Man of War 4 We even ~ 


Oct. 
out 


went so far as to ‘divvy up’. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 
6/1 Co-operators tried to get as much as they cou! 
of the servants, in order to increase the ‘ divi’. 

Diwan: see Dewan, Divan. 

Diwyse, obs. Sc. form of DEVISE. 

|| Dixit (diksit). [L. déxit=he has said, A ovis 
t. of dicere to say; the usual expression is ipse dixit 
(a¥)} An utterance (quoted as) already given, 

1628 Earte Microsm., Sceptic in Relig. (Arb.) 66 He 
hates authority as the tyrant of reason, and you cannot 
anger him worse than with a father’s dfzit. a1734 Nortn 
Exam. U1. viii. § 80. (1740) 645 (Stanf.) On no better Ground 
than this Man’s Dixit. 1812 Examiner 24 Aug. 543/2 The 
point..did not depend on Lord Moira’s dixit. 


Diz: see D1zz. 

|| Dizain (dizz-n). Ods. Also 6 di-, dyzaine, 
7 dixain. [a. F. dizain(15thc. in Hatz.-Darm.), 
f. dix ten.] A m or stanza of ten lines. 

The meaning in the first quot. is doubtful. 


[a 1400-50 Alexander 4307 In all oure — on daies bat 
duke we comend.] 


1578 ASCOIGNE in Haslewood Eng. 
Poets & Poesy (1815) Il. 7 (Stanf.) There are Dizaynes .. 
which are of ten lines. 


bg Sipney A rcadia 1, (1622) 217 
Strephon againe began this Dizaine, which was ans 
ynto him in that kinde of verse which is called the crowne, 
1602 J. Metvitt Diary (1842) sor [Title of poem] Dixain, 
1656 in Biount Glossogr. 

|| Dizdar, disdar (di-zda:). [Pers.and Turkish 


pepo disdar, {, Pers. 529 diz castle + je dar 


holder.] The warden of a.castle or fort. 

1768 Gentl. Mag. XX XVIII. 155/1 That gentleman intro- 
duced him to the Disdar, or d of the citadel 
1812 Byron Ch. Har. u. xii. note, The Disdar was the 
father of the present Disdar, 1846 Exvuis Elgin Maré. 1. 2 
‘The Disdar of the Acropolis, 

+ Dize, v. dial. Obs. =next (sense 1). 

1674 Ray N. C. Words 14 To Dize, to put tow ona 
distaffe. 1787 in Grose, 1847 in HALLIweLL. 

Dizen (dei-z’n, di-z’n),v. Also 6 disyn, dysyn, 
7 disen, 9 dizzen. [Found only from 1530: 
but evidently the verb belonging to dis-, dése-, in 
Distarr, and LG. diesse the bunch of flax on 
a distaff, It is remarkable that neither the vb., 
nor the sb. as a separate word, has been found in 
OE. or ME., and that on the other hand no vb. 
corresponding to dizer is known in LG, or Du.] 

+1. trans. To dress or attire (a distaff) with flax, 
etc. for spinning. ee? PBA go 

iy ¥ 2 5 tt e 
wie io cove: And I had disyned my distaffe, I durste 
drinke with the best of you. 1§75 Lanenam Lef. (1871) 
47_The spindel and rok, that waz dizend with purpl sylk. 

2. To dress (with clothes), esp. to attire or array 
with finery, to deck out (wf), bedizen, (In later 
use mostly contemptuous.) : 

1619 Fietrcner M/, Thomas tv. vi, Come quickly, quickly, 
paint me handsomely.,Com Doll, Doll, disen me. 1621 — 
Pilgrim ww. iii, I pat my clothes off, and I dizen’d him. 
1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. i. Tag 


‘and Q: WwW “ger 
x Swirt Gri uestion 1 
dizen'd you out like a queen, et Ba 


onders 
Like a tragedy-queen he has dizen’d her out. ERSON 
Jae a tragedy gucen he has Wis, (Bobs) IIL ye “Tis the 
vulgar great who come dizened with 
most northern dial. glossaries, usually déssen with 7 
b. ¢ransf, and fig. To deck out, adorn. 
J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xx. 252 


Here the Muse dizens My dirge with orisons. 1870 Emen- 
son Soc. & Solit., Clubs stein III. 94 The fact they 
had thus dizened and adorned was of value. 


no 
BrowninG Reverie 105 Herb and tree Which dizen thy 
{Earth’s] mother-breast. i 
Hence Di‘zened ///. a.; Dizenment, condition 
of being dizened, pyre ayitv eek 
S. J. Pratr Lib, Opinions (1 oF ou fine 
ane h . ‘thar’ Joana Baruue Metr. Leg, 
Goltae, xevil 19 Handing eeeatpen ia Nigh discussant. 
. Gt. xvi. i. WI. 137 Fou! 
Tid. Indeed there was, in that man what far transcends all 
te ad J . 


DIZENER. 


+ Dizener. Ods. Also 5-6 disener. [a. 15th 
c. F. disenter (later dizeinier, dizainier), f. OF. 
dizeine, later dizatne group of ten, in med.L. de- 
céna, Sp. decena, Pr. desena, whence also med.L. 
decenarius, OF, decenter: see DECENER, and cf, 
douzener, DoZENER.] A foreman or captain of 
a group of ten men ; = DECENER I. 


[1292 Britton 1, xiii. [xii]. § 1 Qe touz soint en dizeyne et 
pleviz pardizeyners. ¢rans/, That every one bein some tithing 


and pledged by their tithingmen.] 1489 Caxton Faytes of | 


A, u. xxx. I vij, Eueryche of hem shal haue vndre hym a 
dyzener of carpenters and a dyzener of helpers and also thre 
diseners of laborers for to make thesame. 1555 WATREMAN 
Fardle Facions u. x. 211 Their capitaines ouer ten, whiche, 
by a terme borrowed of the Frenche, we calle Diseners. 

Dizz (diz), v. [Back-formation from Dizzy, 
on the analogy of craze, crazy, etc.] trans. To 
make dizzy or giddy. Hence Dizzed, Di-zzing 
ppl. adjs.; also Dizz sb., the act of ‘ dizzing’. 

1632  SHERwoop, To dizze, estourdir. 1654 GAyToN 
Pleas. Notes wv. xv. 253 He [a horse] is dizzed with the 
continuall circuits of the Stables. 18r4 T. L. Peacock Wks. 
(1875) III. 133 In spite of all the diz and whiz, Like parish- 
clerk he spoke. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 304 Or 
wheel in dizzing mazes round and round. ; 

+ Dizzard (di-zaid). Ods. or arch. Forms: 6 
disarde, dysarde, diserde, dissarde, dyzerde, 
dyzert, 6-7 dizard(e, dissard(e, 6-8 (9 arch.) 
disard, dizzard. [First found ¢c1520. Perh. 
a modification of earlier Disour, by assimilation 
to words in-aRD. See the intermediate forms in -e7, 
-aré,-ar in sense 1. In later use, esf. in sense 2, 
app. associated with Dizzy.] ’ 

. =Drsour; a jester, a ‘ fool’. 

[1502 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 53 A disare 
that played the Sheppert before the Quene. 1526 SKELTON 
Magnyf. 119 In a cote thou can play well the dyser. Ye, 
but thou can play the fole without a vyser. 1530 Patscr. 
214/t Dissar a scoffer, saigefol.) 

a1529 SkeLton Jmage /pocr. 364 To goe gaye With 
wonderful aray As dysardes in a play. 1540-1 Extyor 
Image Gov. (1556) 8b, To minstrels, players of enterludes, 
and disardes. 1576 Newton Lemmnie’s Complex. (1633) 210 
Such commonly are Dizards, Gesturers, Stage-players, [etc.]. 
1578 N. Baxter Calvin on ¥onah Ep. ded. 3 In the lestes 
of Peay) a the King’s dizzard. 1618 Crt, §& Times Yas. 1 
(1849) II. 90 Archy, the Dizzard, 

2. A foolish fellow, idiot, blockhead. 

1547 Homilies 1. Contention u. (1859) 138 Shall I be such 
an idiot and diserde to suffre euery man to speake vpoh me 
what thei list. 1607 WaLKINGTON O/¢. Glass iii, 17 Who 
seeing his deformed countenance called him an idiot and 
a dissard. 1791-1823 D’Israe.i Cur. Lit., Acajou & Zir, 
One may be as great a dizzard in resolving a problem as 
in restoring a reading. 1886 M. K. Macmittan Dagonet 
the Jester ili. 100 They flattered the wantonness of young 
lords and old wealthy disards. 

attrib, 1546 Bare Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 63b. The 
craftye knave lyed falselye, and so mocked hys kynge, to 
make of hym a very dysarde fole. 1566 Dranr Horace 
Sat. ut. Biv b, We call him goose, and disarde doulte. 

+ Dizz , a. Obs. [f. prec.+-L¥1] Like 
a dizzard, silly, idiotic. 

1594 R. Witson Codler’s Proph. Aiv, This prating asse. 
this dizzardly foole. 1607 Torset. Serpents (1658) 739 
These dizzardly people think to make these Lizards .. 
vigilant for their welfare. . 

en (diz’n\,v. rare. [f. stem of Dizzy + 
-EN 5; cf. Dizz.] a ¢rans. To make dizzy. b. 
intr.? To dance giddily. 

1835 Fraser's Mag. X1. 294 Down flowing from its 
dizzening height, One dazzling gush of liquid light. 1882 
Blackw. Mag. May 569 The life of a myriad insect-wings 
In the wet grass buzz and dizzen. 

Dizzen, var. Dizen ; Sc. f. Dozen. 

Dizzily (di-zili), adv. [f. Dizzy a.+-ty2.] In 
a dizzy or giddy manner. 

{a 1000 Sal. § Sat. 228 (Gr ) Se Godes cunnap ful dyslice.] 
e1175 Lamb, Hom. 119 Pa pe heom duseliche fol3iad.__ 1375 
Barvour Bruce . 422 He gert him galay disyly. /éid. vit. 
210 He valknyt and raiss all desaly. 1g0r Doucias Pad, 
Hon, 1. xxvi, My daisit heid fordullit disselie. 1801 Sourney 
Thalaba 1x, vii, Dizzily rolls her brain. \ 1871 R. Evus 
Cone cv. 2 They with pitchforks hurl Mentula dizzily 

own, 


Dizziness (di-zinés). [f. Dizzy a. + -Ness.] 
The state or condition of being dizzy or giddy. 
cgeo tr. Beda's Hist, u. v. (1891) 112 Weron heo mid 
elreorde dysignesse onblawne, c1o0oo Ags. Gosp. Mark vii. 
22 Innan of manna heortan..cumad..dysinessa. ;Stuntscipe. 
1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 133 Schir philip of his desynaiss 
_ourcome. 1562 Turner Herbal. 35b, Rosemari is. .good 
to withstand. .y* dusines of y* heade. 1583 GotpinG Calvin 
on Deut. xxi, 123 Yet..needes must they. .bee stricken with 
the spirit of disinesse and be carried away by the diuill. 
1675 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 324 Men were taken 


with a disiness in the head. 1861 Sat. Rev. XI. 635/1 Free- 
dom from dizziness while standing at a great height on 


a narrow base. 

+ Dizzue (di-ziz, di-ziz), v. Obs. Also dyzhu. 
[from Cornish : see quot. ; 

1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub. Gloss., Dizzue (from Dyz-hui, 
to discover unto, Cornish). ‘Io Dizzue the Lode, is this: 
Tf it is very small and rich, they commonly only break down 
the country or stratum on one side of it, by which the Lode 
is laid bare, and may be afterwards taken down clean. 

Hence Di-zzued //. a., Di'zzuing vi/. sb. ; also 
=e 5b, 

r « Pryce Min. Cornub, 162 This separation or 
aes + i from the good Ore, they cal Dying 

oL, ’ 


561 


the leader, or making a Dyzhu; and the good Ore that is 
thus exposed, is calleda Dyzhu. /dé/. Gloss. s.v., Afterwards 
they break the Dizzue or best part, and reserve it to be 
separately handled and dressed. 

Dizzy (dizi), a. Forms: 1 dysiz,dysez, 2-3 
dysi3, dusi3, dusi(e (7/), 2-6 desi(e); 4-6 dys(s)y, 
(6 dusey), 6-7 dis(s)ie, -y; 6-7 diz(z)ie, 7- 
dizzy. [OE. dyszz, dyseg foolish, stupid = OFris. 
dusig, MDu. dosech, disech, LG. dusig, disig, dusig 
giddy, OHG., tuszg, tustc foolish, weak, a common 
WGer. adj. in -2g(-y), from a root dus- found also 
in LG. dusen to be giddy, OF. dyslic, dyselic foolish, 
stupid, and in a different ablaut grade with long 
vowel in LG. disel giddiness, MDu. dézelen, Du. 
duizelen to be giddy or stupid. See early ME, 
Cerivatives under Dusi-.] 

1. Foolish, stupid. Now only dal. 
general use since 13th c.) 

c825 Vesp. Hymns vii, Swe fole dysiz. cgso Lindisf 
Gosp. Matt. vii. 26 Gelic bid were dysze se Se zetimberde 
hus his ofer sonde [c 1160 //at(on desien men]. 97x Biickd. 
Hont, 41 Gepenc, bu dyseza mon. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom, 117 
per be dusie mon bid priste and per te dwolunge rixad. 
a1225 Ancr. R. 182 Nolde me tellen him alre monne 
dusizest? axago Owl §& Night. 1466 Dusi luve ne last noht 
longe. a12a75 Prov. Alfred 479 in O. E. Misc. 131 Wurpu 
neuere so wod, ne so desi of pi mod. 1876 Whithy Gloss., 
Dizzy, half-witted. 1893 Barinc-Goutp Cheap Yack Z. 
II. 45 Such dizzy-fools that they put their money there, 

+b. adsol. A foolish man, a fool. Obs. 

c825 Vesp. Psalter xci. 6 Dysiz ne onzited 3a. 1175 
Lamb, Hom. 33 Hwet seid pe dusie. /béd. 105 Wredde 
haf wununge on pes dusian bosme. a 122g Leg. ath. 599 
Ha ne stod neauer, ear bene pes dei, bute biforen dusie. 

2. Having ‘a sensation of whirling or vertigo in 
the head, with proneness to fall; giddy. 

©1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 771 Than waxes his hert hard 
and hevy. And his heved feble and dysy. 1526 SkELTon 
Magnyf, 1052, 1 daunce up and down tyll I am dyssy. 
1568 TurNER Herba/t. 20(Wolfesbayne] maketh [men]dusey 
[ed. 155x dosey] in the head. 
xvi. (1887) 73 For feare they be disie when they daunce. 
1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xiii. 4o They were so 
exceeding dizzy in the head that they would fall down. 
1852 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. II. 200 With my heart beating and 
my head quite dizzy. fig. 1726-46 ‘THOMSON Winter 122 
The reeling clouds Stagger with dizzy poise, as doubting 
yet Which master to obey. 

3. a. Mentally unsteady or in a whirl ; b, Want- 
ing moral stability, giddy. 

1gor DouGras Pal. Hon. Prol. 1or My desie heid quhome 
laik of brane gart vary. 1599 Broughton's Lett. ii. 9 Meere 
buzzings of your owne conceited dizzie braine. 1671 Mitton 
P. RK. i, 420 At thy heels the dizzy multitude. 1780 Cowrer 
Vable Talk 607 He..dizzy with delight, profaned the 
sacred wires. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) I. 61 My head 
is dizzy with thinking of the argument. 1879 Miss JAcKsoN 
Shropsh. Word-bk., Duzzy, stupid ; confused. ‘1’m mighty 
duzzy this morning.’ 

4. Accompanied with or producing giddiness. 

1605 Suaks. Lear iv. vi 12 How fearefull And dizie ’tis, 
to cast ones eyes so low 1643 Mitton Divorce Ded., Did 
not the distemper of their own stomachs affect them with 
a dizzy megrim, 1812 S. RoGers Columbus 1. 24 ‘he very 
ship-bey on the dizzy mast. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
IV. 561 He began. .to climb..towards that dizzy pinnacle. 

5. Arising from or caused by giddiness ; reeling. 

1715-20 Pope //iad v. 381 Lost in a dizzy mist the war- 
riour lies 1740 Pitt Zveid xi1.(R.), A dizzy mist of dark- 
ness swims around. 1781 Cowrer //ofe 518 The wretch, 
who once. .sucked in dizzy madness with his draught. 1863 
Geo, Extor Rowola u. vii, Thought gave way to a dizzy 
ss as if the earth were slipping away from under 

im, 

6. fig. Whirling with mad rapidity. 

1791 Cowper //iad xxi. 10 Push’d down the sides of 
Xanthus, headlong plung’d, With dashing sound into his 
dizzy stream. 1795-1814 Worpsw. Excursion vit. 179 
The. .stream, That turns the multitude of dizzy wheels 

7. Dull of hearing. dal. 

1 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Duzzy, deafish. 
‘*E’s lother duzzy ;_ e doesna ‘ear very well.’ 

8. Comb., as dizzy-cyed, headed. 

1sor Suaxs. 1 Hen. V1, 1v. vii. 11 Dizzie-ey'd Furie .. 
Suddenly made him from my side to start. 16x Cotcr. 
Estourdi, dulled, amazed .. dizzie-headed. 1654 ‘TRAPP 
Comm. Ps. cvii. 33 A company of dizzy-headed men 

Dizzy (di-zi),v. (OE. had dysizan, -eg?an, dysian 
to be foolish, to act or talk foolishly = OFris, dusta, 
whence the intr. sense 1 ; but the trans. sense seems 
to be a later formation, f. the adjective in its modern 
form and sense.] 


+1. intr. To act foolishly or stupidly. Oés. 

¢888 K. Etrrep Boeth, v. § 2 Ponne dysezab se be bonne 
wile hwilc sed opfstan pam drygum furum, a1275 Prov. 
AEffred 466 in O. E, Misc. 131 Ac (gif) he drinkit and desiet 
perea mor3e, So pet he fordrunken desiende werchet. 

tb. To talk foolishly, ge sap in OZ£.). 
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark ii. wi spycd pes pus . he 
dyseqad. bid, Luke xxii. 65 Manega odre ping hig him to 
cwadon dysigende. 

2. trans. To make dizzy or giddy ; to cause (any 
sense) to reel; to produce a swimming sensation 
in, to turn the head of. 

1g0r Dovctas Pal, Hon. Prol. 109 And with that 
sa desyit was 2 | micht. 1606 Suaxs. 77. § Cr. v. il. 174 
Not the dreadfull spout .. Shall dizzie with more clamour 
Neptunes eare In his discent, then [etc.]. x CowLey 
Cutter of Coleman St. v. xiii, You turn my Head, you 
dizzy me. 1785 Mrs. A. Grant Lett. fr. Mountains (1813) 
II. xix. g9 It dizzies one to look down from the tower. 


(Not in 


leme 


1581 Murcaster Positions | 


DO. 


1820 Soutuey Lodore, Confounding, astounding, Dizzying 
and deafening the ear with its sound. i 

3. To render unsteady in brain or mind ; to be- 
wilder or confuse mentally. 

1604 Snaxs. //am. v. ii. 119 (Qo. 2) To deuide him 
inuentorially would dosie [Qo. 3 dazzie, Qq. 4 & 5 dizzie] 
th’ arithmaticke of memory. 1801 Het. M. Wiitiams 
Sk Fr. Rep. I. i. 7 That wild and chimerical equality, 
the fumes of which dizzy the head of the demagogue. 1852 
Mrs. Stowe Uncle Vom’s C. xxi, Giving her so many.. 
charges, that a head less systematic and business-like than 
Miss Ophelia’s would haye been utterly dizzied and con- 
founded. aédsol. 1864 J. H. Newman Aol. 378 All this is 
a vision to dizzy and appal. 

Hence Di'zzied ff/. a., Di'zzying vé/. sd. and 
Ppl. a. 

1804 J. GraHame Sabbath 20 The dizzying mill-wheel 
rests. 1823 CHatmers Serv. I. 343 Inthe din and dizzying 
of incessant labour. 1853 Fetton Fam. Lett, xiv. (1865) 
136 The dizzying effect of height. 1870 Morris /Larthly 
Par. 11, 1. 242 With dizzied head upon the ground he 
fell. 

Dj- is not an English combination, but is some- 


times put to represent the Arabic letter esis 


=-English 7 (dz), in Arabic, Turkish, or Berber 
words, which have come to us through a French 
channel, or are spelt in imitation of French ortho- 
graphy ; e.g. djebel, a mountain or hill, djerid or 
djereed, a javelin, djin, genii or familiar spirits, 
djubbah, an outer garment. So far as these 
come under the scope of this Dictionary, they 
will be found under J; for djowr, an infidel, see 
GIraour. 

Do (d7), v. Forms and inflexions: see below. 
[A common WGer. strong vb. (wanting in Gothic 
and Norse): OF. dz =OFris, dua, OS. din, duon, 
déan, duan (MDu. & Du. doen, MLG. & LG. don, 
duon), OHG., ton, téan, tuon, tuoan, tuen (MIG, 
tuon, Ger. thun, tun); Pa.t., OF. dyde, pl. dédon, 
dtdon, dydon = OF ris, dede, pl. déden, OS. deda, pl. 
didun, dédun (MDu. dede, Du. deed, pl. deden, 
MLG, & LG, déde, pl. déden), OIG. deta, pl. tdtam 
(MUG, teve, tate, pl. taten, Ger. that, tat, pl. thaten, 
taten); Pa. pple., OF. gedén, gedén=OF ris. dén, 
OS. gidén, -dden, -duan, ODu. din, (MDu. gedén, 
Du. gedaan), OHG. (ge)tin, Ger. gethan, getan; 
OTeut. types dé, deda, d&no- : déno-, from verbal 
stem d#-;dé- appearing also in Deep, Doom, 
-poM), the Germanic representative of the Aryan 
verb stem dhé-: dhd-, to place, put, set, lay, in 
Skr, dhd-, OPers. d@-, Gr. On- (pres. TiOnyu, deriv. sb. 
Gam a penalty imposed), L. -dére in abdére to put 
away, condére to put together, dédére to lay down, 
OSlav. déte, déyati, Lith. dét?, Lett. dt to put, lay. 

The vocalization of the Germanic vb., esp. the present 
stem dd- beside the Gr. 6y- and Slav.-Lith. @é-, has been 
variously explained (see e.g. Streitberg Urgerm. Gramm. 
329). The pret. deda is generally held to be a reduplicated 
form corresponding to Skr. dadhau:—orig. *dhedhé. The 
ist p. sing. pres. indic. had originally the #z of primitive 
verbs in -7?, Skr. -a27, Gr. -wt, L. -22: viz. OF. ddim (later 
dd), OS. démt (din), OHG, t6ne, tuone (later tuon), This 
verb is considered by many philologists to be the source of 
the formative suffix of the pa. t. of weak verbs in the Ger- 
manic languages, including Norse and Gothic; in the latter 
the plural endings -dédum, -dédup, ~dédun, are the forms 
which the pl. of the pret. deda would have in Gothic, 

OE. deviates from the other WGer. langs. in the past 
dyde, for OS. deda, OHG. tefa; the y is now generally 
explained as a special OE. representation of an Indo-ger- 
manic weak vowel. Thence the pl. dydon ; the plural cor- 
resp. to OS. dédun, modG. thaten, was Anglian dédon 
(also dédon, in Cazdmon, etc.). In ME. dyde, dydon were 
represented by dude, -en (7), midl. & north. diden, dide, now 
cid; but déden (with a sing. déde derived from it like 
modG, that from pl. ¢haten) came down in some dialects to 
1sth c. In the pres. ind., the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing. in OE. 
had umlaut, dest, dé@3, dést, ded, and these forms survived 
in sw. till the 15th c.; but ONorthumbrian had, without 
umlaut, das, déxvd, déas, and in ME. the forms dést, doth 
(dds) are found in north. & midl. from the r2the. The pa. 
pple. in OE. is known only with the prefix ze-, which in ME. 
remained in the south as y-, 7-. (Forms with ge- are found 
also in the pa. t., and occasionally other parts, which, how 
ever, are more properly referred to a derivative vb. OE. 
gedén, ME. ido, ydo). The final -7 of the pple. was generally 
dropped in the south in ME., esp. in the forms ydo, ido, 
whence the ado (adi) of modern s.w. dialects.] 

A. Inflexional Forms. 

l. LZnfinitive. 

a. Simple Infinitive, do (di, du). Forms: 1 
dén (orth. ddan, déa, doe) ; 2-5 don (4-5 doon, 
4 doyne, doun, 4-6 done, 5 doone); 2- do (4-7 
doo, 6-7 dooe, doe, Sc. 6 du, dw, 9 dui, dee). 

Beowulf 2349 (Th.) Swa sceal man don. 950 Lindis/. 
Gosp. Mark x. 17 Huzed sceal ic doa? —xiv.7 Gie magon 
him wel doe, 1131 O. E. Chron., Swa swa hi scoldon don. 


¢1175 Lamb, Hom. 73 Ne mei na man do ping pet beo god 
iqueme. 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 47 Gret wrong pou woldest 
don vs. 13.. Guy Warw. tay 1309, I schal him in mi 


prisoun do. ©1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. pr. ii. 9 Pat he ma‘ 
sodone. 1411 Xoll/s of Parit, 111, 651/1 The same. .schail 
so doon to hem. 3548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V (an. 10) 
78b, We might lawfully so dooe. 1577 B. Gooce Heres- 
bach’s Husb, 1. (1586) 46 In what sort shall he best doo it. 
1594 SrensER A moretti xlii, Let her .. doe me not .. to dy. 
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. x. 31 What he would have 
me do. JZod. Who saw him do it? : 
71* 


DO. 


b. Dative Infinitive (with to) to do (ti di); 
in OE. to dénne (déanne, dédenne), ME. to 
donne, to done, to don (to donde, to doinde). 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xii. 12 ay ys alyfed on reste- 
dagum wel to donne [Lindisf. G. wel doa; Kushw. god to 
doanne). 1154 O. £. Chron. an. 1137 Alse he ment to don. 
c1175 Lamb, Hom, 109 3if he seolf nule don swa swa he heom 
teched to donne. a1200 Moral Ode 19 Ar3e we beob to 
done god. c1z00 77in. Coll. Hom. 139 He was send .. 
to donde prefolde wike. /d/d.219 He ne turnde. .to doinde.. 
nan per pinge. c1305 St. Kath. 82 in E. EL. P.(1862) 92 Pan 
we hire .. makede to do sacrefise. c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 
11. pr. xii. 102, I haue lytel more to done. 1387 TREVISA 
Higden (Rolls) I. 87 (Matz.) More redy for to doo than for 
to speke. c1420 Metr. Life St. Kath. (Halliw.) 3 To dethe 
hyt for to doone! 1 Tinpate A/ark vy. 7 What haue 
1 to do [1611 to doe} ou the? 1548 Haut Chron., Hen. V, 
(an. 8) 71b, Men that enforce theim for to doen or to 

ymagine wronges. 1556 Aurelio § /sab, (1608) K vij, So am 

} constrainede to doo it. 1644 Mitton ie 2 (Arb.) 32 
Which if I now should begin to doe. J/od. What are you 
going to do? 

2. Indicative Present. 

a. ist pers. sing. dO. Forms: 1d6m (déam), 
dé (déa); 2- do (4-6 doo, 6-7 doe). 

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 22 Hwet Sonne dém ic 
of dem halend? [c975 Aushw. G. ibid., Hwat dom ic 
panne be helend? ¢1000 Ags. G. ibid., Hwat do ic ?] 
Lindisf. Gosp. John xiv. 14 Dis ic doam vel icuyrco. [c 975 
Rushw. G. ibid., Dis dom ic.) c 1000 ELFRic Gram. xxxill. 
(Z.) 210 Ic do od8e wyrce. 1388 Wyciir Fohu xiii. 7 What 
Y do thou wost not now. ¢1400 Melayne 361, I doo yowe 
wole to wytt. 1535 Coverpace 1 Saw. iii. 11 Beholde I do 
athinge. 1610 SHAKS. 7em/f. 1. ii. 52 That I doe not. 

b. 2nd pers. sing. Aoest (di-ést), dost (dzst). 

Forms: 1 dest, dést (.Vorth. déas, dées, dées), 
2-4 dest, 2—- dost (3-7 dust, 4-5 doist, 7 doost ; 
3-4 north. dos, 4 dose, duse, 5 doyse), 6- doest 

6 doeste, doiste, 7 do’st). In late use, the form 
doest is confined to the principal verb, dost is usually 
auxiliary. 

c950 Lindis/. Gosp. Matt. vi. 2 Donne Su doas «lmessa. 
— John vi. 30 pat bu dows. ¢975 Rushw. G. ibid., Hwact 
Su does. c1000 Airric Gen. xil. 18 Hwi dest pu wid me 
swa? ¢ 1160 //atton G. John vi. 30 Hwat dest pu? c1175 
Lamb, Hom, 23 pa dedbote be pu dest. /bid. 67 Jef bu pus 
dost. ¢ 1200 ORMIN 15587 Pu .. patt dost tuss pise dedess. 
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 428 Pou ne dust no3t as be wyse. 
c1300 Havelok 2390 Wat dos pu here? 1375 Cantic. de 
Creatione 230 Pou vs dest so mochel wo. ¢ 1385 CHAUCER 

L. G. W. 315 What dostow here? c¢1460 JVowveley 
Myst. (Surtees) 3 So thynke me that thou doyse. 1534 
Tixvae John vii. 3 Thy workes that thou doest [so al 
16-17th c. vv., Wyclif doist). did. ix. 34 And dost thou 
teache vs? [so 1539 Cranm.; but 1§57 Geneva, 1584 Khem, 
161r have ‘doest']. 1610 Suaks. Zemp. 1. it. 78 Do'st 
thou attend me? 161r Biste 1 Avugs xix. g What doest 
thou here, Eliiah? — ohn xiii. 27 Vhat thou doest [T1n- 
DALE dost], doe quickly. 1653 Hotcrort /rocopius Iv. 153 
Doest thou run after thine owne Master? A/od. poetic. 
Why dost thou weep? 

c. 3rd pers. sing. does doth 
(dp), doeth (dizép). 

Forms: a. 1 (de®, dds), dé3, 2-5 dep (2 
deap, diep, 3 deep, 5-6 dethe), 3-5 dop (4 
doith, 5-6 dooth), 5- doth, 6-7 doeth (6 dothe). 
B. 1 north. Adas, dées, 3-4 north. dos, dus, (4 
dotz, 5 duse, doys), 5-6 dois, dose (6 doose), 
6- does. y. 6-do (doe). The orig. northern form 
does superseded doth, doeth, in 16-17th c. in general 
use; the latter being now liturgical and poetic. The 
form fe do is now s.w. dial. 

a. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 19 Se pe hit ded [c 
Lindisf. G. doed). a 1178 Cott. Hom. 233 Hwat ded si maser 
hire bearn?..hi hit..died under hire arme. c1175 Lam. 
Hom, 5x Alswa me dead bi pe deade. c 1200 77in. Coll. Hom. 
53 He dod alse holie write seid. 1320 Cast. Love 1468 Vn- 
wrestlyche he deep, 1340 Ayend. 68 In al pet god dep. 
€ 1340 Cursor M. 11838 (Trin.) pis caitif .. Doob [v.. dos] 
him leches for to seke. 1382 Wyctir 9ofn iii, 2r Ech man 
that doith yuele. ¢1g00 Me/usine |xii. 371 Yf a man dooth 
as wel as he can. 1559 Primer in Priv. Prayers (1851) 35 
God..Which doth all in order due. 1569 Gotpinc Heminges 
Post, 27 The thing that Christ dothe here, is that he dothe 
Peter to understand. _ Gotvinc De Mornay xi. (1617) 
166 He doeth thee to onderstand. 1588 Snaks. Z. L. aad 
1. ii, 50 It doth amount to one more then two, | 1741 S¢. 
German's Doctor & Stud.2t He that doth against them, 
doth against justice. 1819 Suetey Cenci tv. iv. 4, I must 
speak with Count Cenci; doth he ae 

B. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 3 winstra Sin hut 
wyrcas vel doas suidra din. /did. vii. 24 Se Se .. da 
ilco. bid. viii. g Ic cuedo .. Seua minum, do dis, and [he] 
does [Rushw. he doep). a 1300 Cursor M. 5208 He dus 
{v.». dos] nakins ping. ¢1340 /déd. 2908 (Fairf.) Hit 
dose [v.7. dos] mony in syn to fal. a1375 Yoseph Arim. 
5, edos as he bad. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 7291 
Wha so dose agayne pe saynte. 1555 Anr. Parker 7S. xxii, 
My hart ..doth melt and pyne, as waxe by fier dose. 
1596 Suaks. 1 //en. JI’, 1. i. 172 Faith he does. 1601 — 

d's Well w. iii. 236 Our Interpreter do's it well. 7id. 317 
Why do’s he aske?) 1661 Marvett Corr. xxi. Wks. 1872-5 
II. 54 Longer then your business usually dos. 1662 Sti- 
LINGFL, Orig. Sacr. i. iii. § 2 The person that does them. 

y- 1547 Bate Sed. Was. ( ay) 234 No goodly institution, 
nor ordinance .. do this faithful woman contemn. a 
Puitrot Exam, § Writ. (1842) 333 He. .do confess himse 
to speak of this third kind. 1559 W. Cunntncuam Cosmogr. 
Glasse 6 “oa doe deliniat, and set out the universal 
earth, 1660 Perys Diary (7875) 1. 62 Sir Arthur Hasel- 
rigge do not yet appear in the House. 1791 Ricnakpson 
Pamela 1. 65 He don't know you. 1831 Fonstanque Eng. 
under 7 Administ. (1837) 11. 100 God don't suffer them 
now. Mod. s.w, dial. ite du zay. That he du, 


dpz); arch. 


-mowthe po his hond he dode. 


562 


a. plural; do. 

Forms: a, 1 468, d6 (we, etc.), (déaB, déeS), 
2-4 dop. B. 3-4 don, (4-5 done), 6- do (5-6 
doo, 6-7 doe, dooe, 7- inferr. Aye). y. north. 1 
déas, dées, 3-6 dos, 4 dose, dus, 4-5 duse, 6 
dois. 

a. c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. v. 46 Ah gefel-zeroefe bat 
ne doep. /did. 47 Hwzt doap ze marae? c 1000 Ags. Gosp. 
Matt. v. 47 G fe Sxt dop. /bid., Hwat do ze mare? 
¢1175 Lamb. Hom. g Bet .. pene we dop. 1340 Ayend. 69 
Hi dob. .pe contrarye. 

B. c12z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 19 two ping don alle 
heden men. 1382 Wycur A/ark vil. 8 Manye opere thingis 
lyke to pes 3e don [1 doon ; 1534 Tinpate—r6x1 ye do; 
1582 Khem. you doe}, 1426 AupELay Poems 12 Thai done 
hym deme, 1576 FLeminc Panof/. Epist. 89 What you doe, 
and what other do. 1584 PEeLe Arraignm. Paris 1. iii, 
As done these fields and groves. 1660 Jer. Tayvior Worthy 
Commun. i. § 2. 39 We do it also, and doe it much more. 
1730 A. Gordon Maffer's Amphith,. 108 Why don't they con- 
sider? a 1832 BentnAm Mem. Wks. 1843 X. 246 How d'ye do? 

y. €950 Limdisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 46 Bzer-suinnigo dis doas. 
lbid. 47 Gie doas vel wyrcas, ¢1340 Hampote /’r. Conse. 


4146 Swilk men. .pat mykel dus [v. 7. dose] ogayns Goddes | 


lawe. c1g00 Duse [see 24d]. 1533 Dois [ibid.].  A/od. 


north, dial, Them that does it. 

8. Indicative Past. 

a. ist and 3rd pers. sing. Aid. 

Forms: 1-2 dyde , 2-5 dide, dude (7/), dede, 
5 dode, 4-6 dyde, dyd, 4~ did (4 dud, 4-5 didd, 
5-6 didde). 

ax1000 Cxdmon's Gen. 2691 (Gr.) Ne dyde ic for facne. 
a1131 O. E. Chron. an. 1123 Pis he dyde.  /bid. an. 1127 Se 
king hit dide. cx175 Lamb. Hom.g5 He dude pet heo weren 
birnende. c1ago Gen. & Ex. 762 Quer abram is bigging 
dede. cr R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 221 Sir Rauf .. did 
per his endyng. 13.. Cursor AM. 1608 He to pin him-selfen 
did [G. didd, 77. didde}. c 148 Lbid. 6270 (1 rin.) Pe brode 
watir hedud him ynne [earlier MSS. did, dide]. 1387 Trevisa 
Higden(Rolls| 1.215 Perynne Romulus dede his owne ymage. 
¢ 1420 Chron. Vilod, 501 He dude also. /bid. 936 To his 
¢ 1430 Syrx Tryam. 495 He 
dyd hym faste away. 1461 Cui. Paston in Paston Lett. 
No. 367 I. 540, I dede .. Hauswan goo to my Lord. 1590 
Srenser /.Q. 1. i. 33 All I did, I did but as I ought. 

b. 2nd pers. sing. didst. 

Forms: a, 1 dydes(t, 2-5 dides(t, dudest, 5 
dydest, 6-7 diddest, 6- didst. 8. 3-4 dides- 
(tou), dedes-, dudes-; . orth 4 did. 

a 1000 Andreas 929 (Gr.) Du ondsac dydest. a122§ Ancr. 
R. 306 pis pu dudest per. c1230 Hali Med. g Pat tu eauer 
dides te into swuch peowdom. 13.. Cursor M. 10484 Als 
pou did [v.77 diddist, dudest) quilum dame sarra. did. 
12626 Qui did bu bus? [7 77%. aie bros pus]. x Wyctir 
2 Sam. xii. 12 Pou didist hidyngli. c1450 Merlin 41 Thow 
dedist their brother to be slain. 1545 Primer Hen. V/11, 
Litany, The noble workes that thou diddest in their daies. 
1611 Biste 2 Sam. xii. 12 Thou diddest it secretly. did. 
Ps, xliv. 1 What worke thou didst in their dayes. 1819 
Snettey Fulian § M. 459 Thou. .didst speak thus and thus. 

e. plural did. 

Forms: 1 dydon (-un), foet. Angi. dédon 
(WS. d&don), 2 didon, 2-5 diden, duden, 
deden (2 dedeun, 4 didyn, diddyn), 2-6 dide, 
3-5 dude, dede (4-6 didde), 4- did (4 dud, 5-6 
dyd). : 

Caedmon's Gen. 722 (Gr.) Pat hie to mete dadon ofet un- 
fale. Jbid. 1944 He ne cude hweet pa cynn dydon. cgso 
Lindisf. Gosp. Late. xxvi. 19 And dedon 8a degnas sua 
bibeod himdehzlend. /é/d. xxviii.15 Hia. .dedon sua weron 
gelwred [Rushw.dydun, Ags. CG. dydon, Hatt.dyden). a1132 
O. E. Chron, an, 1129 Swa swa hi ear didon. 1154 /éid. an. 
1137 Sume hi diden in crucethus ., and dide scearpe stanes 
per inne. c1175 Lamé, /fom. 91 Heo. .swa duden, ig a 
Gen. §& Ex, 1059 He so deden als he hem bad. ¢1330 R. 
Brunne Chron. (1810) 201 —— did pat dome. ¢ 1340 
Cursor M. 17411 (Trin) 3e duden him vndir lok & sele. 
cx Wyeuir Sed. Wks. III. 109 More .. pan pey dude. 
I Trevisa //igden (Rolls) IV. 353 Pey dede (v.77. dude, 
dide} hym in to pe see. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xi. 42 Pai 
did Criste to deed. /id. xv. 67 Him didd pe Iews on pe 
crosse. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 1381 Dydden all to the dethe. 
lbid. : = yden, ooo se gana a = 
myschyvysly. 1530 Compend. Treat. (1863) 59 iden 
apostles, 1 ret Chron., Hen. V (an. 8) 72b, Why ‘itd 
thei take it 1659 Baxter Aey Cath, xxxv. 252 The rest.. 
did what they did. 

4. Subjunctive Present. 

a. singular Ao. Forms: 1 a6, (dée, déa), 
2— do (5-7 doo, doe). 

cgso Lindisf. Gosp. Mark x. 35 Patte..du doe us. ¢975 
Rushw, Gosp. Matt. vi. 3 Nyte A pater hond pin hwet 
pin sio swipre doa. c 1000 Ags. /’s. os Ixxv. 6 Dat he do 
ealle hale. azaag St, Marher. 20 Ich bidde .. tu do 
baldeliche. 13.. Cursor M. 2 Par-of. .scho do hir will. 
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) iv. 32 3if ony man do thereinne on 
maner metalle, 1577 B. Goocre Hereshach's Hush. 1. (1586 
15 b, That he doo not thinke himselfe wyser then his maister. 
1581 Savite Zacitus Hist, 1. vii. (1591) 5 Doe he wel doe 
he ill, al is illtaken, Zod. If he do anything unexpected. 

b. plural do. Forms: 1 dén (déen, déan, 
dée), 2-5 don, 4-5 doon, 3- do (5-7 doo, doe). 
axoo0o Father's Instr. (Cod. Ex.) 70 Deah hi wom dén. 
13.. Cursor M. 23760 (Fairf.) 1f we blepeli after him do. 
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L, G. IV. 1088 Ariadne, That we doon the 
hae -Tocome. Mod, What if we do? 
. Subjunctive Past, did. 

Forms : sing. 1 dyde (déde); 2- (as Indicative). 
plural 1 dyden, dyde ; 2- (as Indic.). 

agoo Martyrol. in O. E. T. 178/36 Da freegn se. for hwon 
he sua dede. cggo Lindis/. ae John xv. 24 Gif ic ne 
dyde, — Matt. xu. 16 on vel dydon [Aushew. dydun). 


DO. 


©1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 2t Hi dydun ded-bote [Lindis/,, 
Rashes. dydom, Hatt. hyo deden). Aurelio & Isab, 
(1608) K vij, If I didde it not. J/od. If you did that, you 
would be blamed. 


a doo. 1611 Bisre Yer. xliv. 4 
a 


‘déas), 2-3 dop, 4 dothe, 4-5 dooth. 
(5-7 doo, doe). 
dose. 

o. cx00o Ags. Gosp. Matt. iii. 3 Dob his sidas rihte. 
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 16281 (Laud) Dothe hym on rode. ¢ 1350 
Will. Palerne 3807 Dop your dede to-day. c1400 A. Davy 
Dreams 154 Doob me into prison. 

. ©3340 Cursor M. 4893 (Fairf.) Do folow ham. 1611 
Bisie Matt. vii. 12 Doe [earlier 16th c. vv. do) ye even so 
to them, 1682 Norris ///erocles, Golden Verses 32 That doe. 

y. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. iii. 2 Hreonisse doas vel 
wyrcas. — John vi. 10 Does patte 3a menn gesitta. 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 2792 Tas and dos [Faiz/. take an and do] 
your will wit paa, cx300 HAvELoK 2592 Dos me als ich 
wile you lere, cr ‘ursor M. sogo (Fairf.) Make you 
redy..and dose you e. 

7. Present larticiple doing (divin). 

Forms: a, 1 dénde (déende), 2~3 donde, 4 
doinde, 4-6 doinge, doynge, 6- doing. B. north. 
3-5 doande, 4-6 doand. 

cgso Lindisf. Gosp. John, Cont. x, Efne zelic hine.. 
doende gode. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 46 Hys hlafurd 
hyne zemet pus dondne [Zind. doende, Aushw. dénde, 
Hatt, doende). ¢1275 Lay. (es Her solle pe wel donde 
euere worbe riche. c1300 Beket 277 Evere doinge he was, 
Mod. What was he found doing? 

8. Past Participle done (dyn). 

Forms: a. 1 3ed6n (-deen, -dén, -déen, -déan), 
2-3 idon, 3-5 ydon, ido, ydo (5 ydoo, edoone). 
B. 3-7-don, 4- done (4 doun, dunje, 5 doon, 
north, doyne, 5-6 doone, doen, 6 dooen, downe, 
Sc.6- dune). +. 4-6 do, 5 doo, doe. 

a, 1123 O. E. Chron., Swa mycel hearm ber wees zedon. 
¢ 13305 St. Edward 19 in E. E. P. (1862) 107 Pulke ring is 
gut..for relik ido. c1g20 Chron. Vilod.377 Had y don 
meyte in adysshe. /éid. 580 Hit was bo y do. J. 
Suirtey Dethe A. Fames (1818) 26 That edoone is Somer 
mane was commandid..to kut of that hand. ¢ 1440 Parto- 
aye 6794 How he hadde follyly I do. 

. a31x31 O. E. Chron, an, 1126, Pet ws eall don Surh 
his dohtres rad. a@1300 Cursor 4 cra Pin Se has pou 
pusgatdon? 13.. bid. 16762422 Til is dede is doyn. 
— /bid. 16812 Thingez pat are doyne. — /bid. 20065 
Crist was doun on pe rode. ¢13§0 Will. Palerne 987 Y- 
wisse, y am done. ¢1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. 1. 271 
Bifore alle pingis ben doone. c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 4 
As sum have n, 1425 Wyntoun Cron, vi. xii. 28 Pan 
wes he dwne. 1432-s0 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 19 
scholde be doen. 1 Fisner Wks, (1876) 380 He hath 
--don al this. 1555 pen Decades 182 After he hath dooen 
thus, 1558-68 Warve tr. Alexis’ Secr. 2a, That doen, 
take a pound..of Aloes. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Hush. 
Iv. (1586) 174 b, All is dasbt, and done. meng Tear Fewell- 
ho. 1. 5 ‘To have been doone by Abimelech. tr. 
Scheffer’s Lapland 7 Which don, he rises up. 1860-1 Fro. 
Nientincace Nursing 24 [To see) that what ought to be 
done is always done. 

y- 13.. Cursor M. 2413 (Trin.) Sir she seide hit shal be 
do, ¢1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel. Wks. I, 337 3if Eve hadde do 
so. ¢1449 Pecock Kepr. Prol. 1 So that it be do with 
honeste. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb. 48 Uh yreye that 
y schulde haue doo. rg0g Act 1 Hen. V'1/1, Pref., kynge 
.-hath do to be ordeined. 1g22 World & Child in Hazl. 
Dodsley 1, 252 Many a lord have I do lame, 

9. Verbal sb. Dorne, q.v. 


B. a. =e 

General sc! of —I. Transitive senses ("To 
~ ** To bestow, penn 4 2 To poi, effect). IIL, 

ntransitive : ‘To put forth action, to act. III, Causal and 
Auxiliary uses (* Causal. ** Substitute, *** Periphrastic), 
1V, Special uses of certain parts (Imperative, Infinitive, Pres. 

le., Past prie.). V. Special uses with prepositions (e. g. 
for). V1, In combination with adverbs (e. g. do off). 
. Transitive senses. 
*To put, place. (Cf. the adv. combinations do 
on, off, in, out, etc. in VI.) 

+1. To put, place. a Zt, Obs. exc. dial. 

897 K. ALrrev Gre, 's Past. xlix. (E.E.T.S,) 383 
Dat mon his sweord doo ofer his hype. ¢ 1000 Ags. 
Matt. ix. 17 Hig dod niwe win on niwe bytta, 1154 O. £. 
Chron. an. 1137 Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here 
heued. ¢x175 Lamb. Hom, 8 corn me ded in to 
gerner. c1ago Gen. & Ex. 2586 
a-non don de flod wid-in, axz00 Cursor M. 13846 (Cott. 
pat he be tan, and don in . €%300 /bid, 20112 
Amang pe nunnis. .he hir dide. ¢ 1400 Sowdone 1 
Take myn hawberke and do it on the. ¢ 1440 Anc. Cookery 
in Househ. Ord. (2790) 425 Do hom in a pot and seth hom, 


B. 4- do 
y. north. 3-4 dos (dus), 4-5 


and do therto gode h. Carcrave Chron. 
..presumed to do upon him t is stole. 1: Foxe 
A.§ M(x IL. 440 If I would not tell where done 


+b. fig. Obs. 
c1a30 Hadi Meid. 7 Ded hire in to drecchunge to dihten 
hus 7 hea. 1300 Cursor M. 15235 (Cott.) Pat sal pis 


DO. 


ilk night be don..to mikel pine. ¢ 1305 Fudas Iscariot 46 
in &. Z. P. (1862) 108 Pe quene vpe him hire hurte dude. 
3328 Prose Psalter xxxix. [xl]. 15 Ne do nou3t, Lord, by 
mercy fer fra me. 1393 Lanci. P. PZ. C. xx1. 93 Ich do me 
in 30ure grace. c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 16 And 
- thou thus dos me from thi grace. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 

1858) I. 225 He did him in his will. 1598 A/ucedorus in 

azl. Dodsley VII. 222 Take him away, and do him to 
execution straight. 

ce. Zo do to death: orig. to put to death ; now, 
often with emphasis on the do, implying a slow 
or protracted process. arch. (Cf. DEATH 12.) 

1175 Cott. Hom. 229 Hu hi michte hine to deade 3edon. 
a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2131 Ichulle .. don pe to deade. 1300 
Cursor M. 13961 (Cott.) Pe Iues .. soght iesu at do to ded. 
cx Prcock Repr. 564 Men for her trespacis ben doon 
into her Deeth. 1579-80 Nortn Plutarch (1676) 1004 The 
rea away and doing his Wife Octavia to death. 1599 

HAKS. Much Ado v. ili. 3 Done to death by slanderous 
tongues. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 302 
That brother had been done to death by English traitors. 

+d. Zo do of: to put out of, deprive of, rid of, 
‘do out’ of. Zo do of dawe, adawe: see Day sb. 
17. To do of live: see LirE. Ods. 

¢ 1305 St. Lucy 95 in EZ. E. P. (1862) 104 Ne mai no wom- 
man .. of hire maidenhod beo ido. 13.. Cursor AM. 5944 
(Cott.) Drightin sua pam did of all. 

+2. reft. To put or set oneself; to betake one- 
self, proceed, go. Ods. 

12285 Ancr. R. 430 Me were leouere uorto don me touward 
Rome. a1300 Cursor M. 12832 (Cott.) He did him pan to 
flum iordan. c1300 St, Brandan 33 We dude ous in a 
schip. 13. . Guy Warw. (A.) 343 On his knes he him dede 
Bifor Felice. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 1368 Ho dos hir 
forth at pe dore. cx Will. Palerne 2061 He deraied 
him as a deuel & dede him out a-3eine. c1425 Seven Sag. 
(P.) 2416 He dyde hym anoon to ryde. ¢1435 Torr. Por- 
tugal 1521 Of the valey he did hym swith. 

+b. zntr. To proceed, go. See Do way (53). 
Obs. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 6140 ‘ Dos now forth’, bai said in hi. 

+ 3. trans. To apply, employ, lay out, expend. 
Obs. To do cost: see Cost sb.2 5. 

ratr E. E, Wills (1882) 17 Y wille pat be surplus be don 
for my soule. 1434 /éid, 101 Sell hit, & do hit for the loue 
of gi 1522 Bury Wills (1850) 117 The mony..to be don 
for my sowle pote By 

b. To settle, invest. Ods. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 31 Who felle to haf 

lond, on pam it suld be don. a 
** To bestow, impart, grant, render, give (a thing 
to a person) ; to cause to befall or come, 

Orig. with dative of the recipient or person affected, and 
accusative of that which is imparted or caused: e.g. ‘it did 
him credit’, But in later use the dative is largely replaced 
by ¢o and prepositional object, and then changes places with 
the verbal object : ‘it did credit #0 his good sense’, 

(The primary notion here appears to have been that of 
putting (or bestowing’) something to a person, being closely 
related to prec. section, in which a person is put to or into 
something. ; 

4. To impart to, bring upon (a person, etc.) some 
affecting quality or condition; to bestow, confer, 
inflict ; to cause by one’s action (a person) to have 
(something. In later use, associated more closely 
with the notion of performance, as in 6, e.g. 40 do 
any one a service=to perform some action that 
is of service to him. 

axo00 Martyrol. 7 May(E E.T.S.) 78 Se zedyde dumbum 
men sprece. cxooo Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxliili]. 10 Pu me god 
dydest. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137 Alle be pines pe hi 
diden wrecce men. cx1205 Lay. 481 Bs willed pe freonscipe 
don. a@122g Ancr. R. 124 zs dest me god. a@1300 Cursor 
M. 13666 (Cott.) He thoght him-do solace. /d/d. 20079 
(Cott.) Pai me do pis mikel scham. 747d. 20274 (Cott.) It 
dos me god pat i yuu se. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iv 12 
Scho duse na man harme. 1523 Lp. Berners Fyo/ss I. 
ecvii. 244 The which dyd them great trouble. 1535 Cover- 
DALE 2 Macc. ix. 7 It brussed his body, & dyd him greate 
payne. 1675 Woop Zife(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 316 It..did me 
a great deal of good. 1773 GoLpsm. Stoops to Cong. v, Sure 
he'll do the dear boy no harm. 1819 Sourney Le#t. (1856) 
III. 112 The book does him very great credit. 

b. To render, administer, pay, extend, exhibit, 
show 40 a@ Zerson (justice, worship, thanks, etc.). 
arxo00 CynewuLr Christ 1567, Hy to sid dod gastum 
helpe. c1o00 Ags. Ps. (Th.) cviii. 2t Do me pine .. mycle 
mildheortnesse. 1154. O. E, Chron. an. 1140 Alle diden 
him manred. ¢1300 Cursor M. 24058 (Edin.) Vs al to don 
sucour. ¢1340 /did. 15047 (Trin.) Pat we do suche 
worshepe as we may. c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxiv. 113, 
I schall do fe an euill turne. c 1450 Merlin 5 ‘They moste 
do hir the lawe. ¢1477 Caxton Fason 11 To doo her 
ayde ayenst her ennemyes. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. 
exxxiii, 161 Than the kyng dyd them that grace, that he 
suffred them to I Rowe Ulyss. 1. i, To do 
him right He was a Man indeed. 1776 Trial of Nundo- 
comar 73/1 The Gentlemen of the Audawlet would do him 
justice, 1847 Marrvar Childr. N. Forest xiii, 1 did a 
gipsy a good turn once, 

5. With the indirect object governed by fo; thus 
passing into 6. 

a@1300 Cursor M. 17288+257 (Cott.) A grete honour to 
wymmen did he in pat cas. ¢ 1340 /bid, 5980 (Fairf.) pe folk of 
ne pat maste to bestes done worshepe. ¢ 1385 CHaUCER 

. G. W. 1601 Hypsip. & Medea, He made hire don to 
Iason cumpaynye At mete. ¢1420 Chron. Vilod. 493 Of pe 
desplesaunce Lc nant do to 3ow. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 
xxxul. xxviii, These ladies unto me did great pleasaunce. 
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay iii. 36 If due Iustice vnto you 
were doone. 1660 Pepys Diary (1890) 17 Which .. he did 
to do a courtesy to the town. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 70 
? 5 Persons..which do Honour to their Country. 1878 S. 


563 


Wa rote Hist. Eng. 1. 158 A day's sport which would have 
done credit to these modern days. 

*** To put forth (action or effort of any kind) ; 
to perform, accomplish, effect. (Now the leading 
trans. use.) 

Since every kind of action may be viewed as a particular 
form of doing, the uses of the verb are as numerous as the 
classes of objects which it may govern. Only the general 
senses can here be exhibited ; the phrases formed by the 
verb with special substantive objects, are treated under the 
words concerned ; e.g. 40 do honour, the honours of: see 
Honour. 

6. To perform, execute, achieve, carry out, effect, 
bring to pass. (With an object denoting action.) 
e.g. to do work, a thing, that, it, what ? ete. 

axooo Guthlac 61 (32) [Hi] pa -weorc ne dod. a 1000 
Boeth, Metr. xiii. 79 (Gr.) Hio sceal eft don pet hio ar 
dyde, 1123 O. E. Chron., Pis he dyde eall for pes biscopes 
luuen. arzzg Leg. Kath. 748 Heo ne duden nawiht. @ 1300 
Cursor M, 13473 (Cott.) He..Wist well wat he had to don. 
1382 Wycuir John x. 37 If I do not the workis of my fadir, 
nyle 3e bileue to me. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4156 
Of diuers miracles pat Cuthbert did. 158x Muccaster /’os/- 
tions i. (1887) 2 Neither [ haue don so much as I might. 
1611 Biste Zvansl. Pref 2 He did neuer doe a more 
pleasing deed. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 93 ® 1 Our Lives 
:.are spent either in doing nothing at all, or in doing nothing 
to the purpose. 1847 Marryar Childr. N. Forest iv, Hum- 
phrey will..do all the hard work. 

b. 70 do good, evil, right, wrong, etc. 

c 1000 Ags. /’s. Ixi[i]. g Ge woh dod. 1154 O. 2. Chron. an. 
1140 Ware se he com he dide mare yuel panne god. c 1300 
Cursor M, 29167 (Cott. Galba) Pam aw here to do right. 
1382 Wycur “ccé. vii. 21 Ther is not forsothe a riz3twis 
man in the erthe, that do good, and not synne. 1813 
Doucias 42ne?s ut. i. 105 Quhat wickitnes or mischeif may 
be do. 1526-34 ‘Tinvace J/att. xxvii. 23 What evyll hath he 
done? 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xxv, Surely I 
have done wrong. 

e. To commit (sin, crime, etc.) ; to perpetrate. 
Obs. or arch. 

arooo Father's Insty. 70 (Cod. Ex. If. 81a) Deah hi wom 
don, 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 369 Pulke robberye, bat hym 
po3te he adde ydo. a@ 1300 Cursor A/, 5173 (Gitt.) Ze gabb, 
and certis, 3e do gret sin. c1440 Promp. Parv. 126/2 Do 
mawmentrye, ydolatro. 14..Circumcisionin Tundal's Vis. 
(1843) 98 As thow dydest neuer trespace. 1539 Br. Hitsry 
Primer 11, Thou shalt dono murder, 1686 in Picton L'food 
Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 271 Severall abuses done by such as 
sell rootes. a1745 Swirt Rules conc. Servants Wks. 1745 
VIII. 7 When you have done a fault, be pert and insolent. 

d. To execute, administer, practise (a function, 
office, or duty). 

c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxxxix. 12 Gode ded drihten domas. 
1154 V. £. Chron, an. 1140 He dide god iustise and makede 
pais. a 1300 Cursor M. 9708 (Cott.) Rightwisli to do iustise. 
Ibid, 27272 Queper pai pair mister leli do. 1715 Lront 
Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 99 ‘The judges attended to do 
justice. 1847 Marryat Childr N, Forest xxvii, As many 
of your countrymen as you may consider likely to do good 
service. 1892 Garpiner Stud, Hist, Eng, 21 Justice was 
done between man and man, 

e. With various extensions of the predicate ex- 
pressing the relation of the action to another person 
or thing. Often blending with 5. 

c1000 Ags. Ps.(Th.) Ixxxv. 16 Do zedefe mid me, Drihten, 
tacen. 1154 O. &. Chron. an. 1137 Na god ne dide me for 
his saule os of. cx1175 Lamb. Hom. 121 Pere muchele 
mildheortnesse pe he dude on us. @1300 Cursor M. 19325 
(Cott.) Pai durst na uiolence to bam do. 1382 Wycuiir Fok 
xvi. 3 And thei schuln do to 30u thes thingis, for thei han 
not knowe the fadir, nether me. c1g00 Maunpev. (1839) 
xxx. 300 So riche pat pei wyte not what to done with hire 
godes. c 1480 Crt, Love 46 Love arted me to do my observ- 
aunce To his estate. 1535 CoveRDALE 1 Chron. xx.[xix]. 2, 
I wil do mercy vpon Hanun the sonne of Nahas. 1 Mit- 
ton Areop (Arb.) 37 Then began to be consider’d..what was 
to be don to libellous books. 1719 De For Crusoe i. ii, 
We knew not what to do with this poor girl. 1843 /vaser’s 
Mag. XXVIII. 729 What is to be done with Teslana now? 
1890 Sir N. Linptey in Law Times Rep. LXIIIL. 690/1, 1 
think an injustice has been done to the plaintiff. 

7. To perform duly, carry out, execute. (With 
obj. expressing command, duty, etc.) 

c82s5 Vesp. Psalter cxlii. 10 Ler mec doan willan dinne. 
axo000 Cxdmon's Gen. 142 Drugon and dydon drihtnes 
willan, a1300 Cursor M. 3414 (Cott.) Gladli his biding he 
didd. cr Cuaucer L. G. W. 1644 Hypsip. §& Medea, 
And doth his oth & goth with hire to bedde. ?a 1525 
Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 177 Do my counsel, 
brother Pity. 1557 N. ‘I’. (Genev.) A/att. vi. 10 Thy wil 
be done [Tinp. fulfilled]. 1653 Hotcrorr Procopius 11. 50 
They did his commands with alacrity. 1712 J. JAMEs tr. 
Le Blond’s Gardening 204 Vake out the Dirt that hinders 
the Water from doing its Office. | x! E. Peacock Mabel 
Heron I. i. § Servants who did his bidding. 

b. To perform duly, celebrate (a ceremony, etc.). 

a 1000 Soul's Compl. 69 Ponne haleze menn gode. .lofsong 
dod. a1300 Cursor M. 28251 (Cott.) In kyrk. .quen 
seruis was todo. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 1413 All pere lordes 
Didyn sacrifice solempne ynto sere goddes. 1463 Bury 
Wills (Camden) 28 Whan the messe is do on my yeerday. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 219 b/2 To don penaunce here for 
our synnes. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V (an. 8) 75 b, The 
coronacion of his Quene and spouse..whiche was doen the 
daie of S. Mathy. 1583 Ricu Phylotus & Em. (1835) 23 
The Mariage rites that are to bee doen in the Churche. 
1875 Stusss Const, Hist. I11, xviii. 127 She..submitted to 
the correction of the bishops, and did penance, 

+c. To execute, discharge, deliver (a message, 
etc.). Obs. % 

1523 Lv. Berners Froiss, I. Ixxvi. 97 They loked among 
them who shulde do y® message. . 1580 SipNey Arcadia 
(1622) 55 A Gentleman desired leaue to doe a message from 
his Lord vntohim. 1596 J. Dee in Lett, Zit. Men (Camden) 


DO. 


88 To Mr. Boston..I wold full fayne have my commenda- 
tionsdone. 1678 Bunyan Pi/gr.1. 144 We will do him word 
of this thy behaviour. 1706-7 'arquuar Beaux Strat. 1. 
ii, Do my bassemains to the gentleman. 

8. (In fa. pple. and perf. tenses.) To accomplish, 
complete, finish, bring to a conclusion. Zo de 
done, to be at an end. 

a 1300 Cursor M, 20319 (Cott.) Mi ioi es don euerilk dele. 
¢ 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 131 Whan pe soper was do, cryst 
ros anone. @1450 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 145 Alle the .. 
seruice is songe & doo. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 
56 He knewe well that it was doon of [=all up with] hym. 
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 127b, When the Clerkes 
have dooen syngyng. 1568 Grarron Chron, IL. 21 Before 
his funerall obsequy was finished and done. 1697 DrypeN 
Virg. Past. 1x.73 Now the Chime of Poetry is done. @1745 
Swirt Direct. Servants Wks. (1869) 566/2 When dinner is 
done. 1887 Riper Haccarp Fess xv, By the time that the 
horses had done their forage. 

b. Zo be done is used of the agent instead of 
‘to have done’, in expressing state rather than 
action. (Chiefly Zr7sh, Sc., U.S., and dal.) 

1766 Amory Buncle (1770) 1V. 119, I was done with love 
for ever, 1771 ‘I. Jerrerson Let. 7. Adams in Harper's 
Mag. No. 482. 206 One farther favor and Iam done. 1776 
Bentuam Ilks, (1838-43) X.77 The rogue is pressing me so, 
I must bedone. 1835 Marryat Fac. arth, xiii, One little 
bit more, and then Iam done. 1876 H. B.Smiruin Life(1881) 
404 After this is done Iam done. 1876 Ruskin ors. Clav. 
VI. Ixvi. 192 Let us be done with the matter, 18.. Lit, World 
(Boston) X. 400 ‘The mills of the gods are not yet’ done 
grinding. 1883 Century Alag. XXV. 767/1 ‘Going. .at 
twenty-four thousand dollars! Are you all done?’ He 
scanned the crowd. 

9. To put forth, exert, use (diligence, endeavour, 
etc.) in effecting something. 70 do one’s best, cure, 
devotr, diligence, endeavour, might, pai, etc. , see 
these words. 

a@1300 Cursor A 14480 (Cott.) Pai did pair pain pat he 
and lazar war bath slain, ¢1330 Asswmp. Virg. (B.M. MS.) 
7 Aungeles donn here my3t ‘Vo serue hure bope day & ny3t. 
c1440 Generydes 68 They dede ther besy payne. — 1509 
Hawes Past, Pleas. 1. xvil, ‘Vo reade their ies I did my 
busy cure. 1523 Lp. Berners /’vorss. 1. clxxxii. 216 Shame 
haue he that dothe nat his power to distroy all. 1611 Biste 
2 Tim. iv. 9 Doe thy diligence to come shortly vnto me. 
1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 76 They bade the Swedes 
do their worst. 1843 /7aser's Mag. XXVIII. 328, I shall 
do my utmost to serve her 1872 Brack Adv, Phaeton vi. 
82 ‘The Lieutenant did his best to amuse her. 

10. ‘To produce, make, bring into existence by 
one’s action, 

1s80 Futke (¢/¢/e), Stapleton and Martiall..confuted.. 

Done and directed to all those that love the truth and hate 
superstitious vanities. 1583 HoLtysanp Campo di Fior 
357 We have done five or six copies in the same paper. 1601 
Cuester Loves Martyr, etc. 165 [169] Done by the best and 
chiefest of our moderne writers. 1703 Moxon JWVech. Exerc. 
239 ‘The Rough or Plain Work, is done with the Grey 
Kentish Bricks. 1810 Sporting Alag. XXXVI. 73 This 
method of doing (as it 1s called) a paper, is disgraceful. 
1858 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. (1865) Lou. viii. 98 Otto 1V .. had 
an actual habit of doing verse. 1860-1 FLo. NIGHTINGALE 
Nursing 58 Vhe sun ts a painter. He does the photo- 
graph, . 
il. To operate upon or deal with (an object) in 
any way. The most general word expressing tran- 
sitive action; and so, familiarly substituted for any 
verb the action of which is of a nature to be readily 
inferred from the subject or object, or both com- 
bined. In S/ang, employed euphemistically to 
avoid the use of some verb plainly naming an 
action. Among the great variety of uses, the 
following are some of the chief: 

a. To do work upon or at, repair, prepare, 
clean, keep in order, etc. 

¢ 1515 Cocke Lorell’s B, (Percy Soc.) 12 Some y? lodysshe- 
stone dyd seke, some y® bote dyd. 1691 TI. H[ALE] Acc. 
New Invent. p. xxi, If they had done the other nineteen 
as that twentieth Ship was done [i.e. sheathed]. 1778 Miss 
Burney Evelina xxi, I did my hair on purpose. 1848 J. H. 
Newnan Loss & Gain (1876) 170 A gardener..whose wife 
(what is called) did his lodgers. 1881 Grant WHITE Exg. 
Without & Within xvi. 388 Do is made a word of all work 
.-Women do their back hair, and do everything that they 
arrange. ‘I have got these flowers to do’—meaning to 
arrange in a vase. 1883 Leisure H. 84/1 The Chinaman who 
usually ‘does’ my room, Mod. The man who does our 
garden. ‘The paper-hanger who did this room, has done it 
very well. 

. To prepare or make ready as food ; to cook ; 
to preserve, pickle, etc. 

1660 Perys Diary 2 Mar., We had..a carp and some 
other fishes, as well done as ever I eat any. 1796 Mrs. 
Giasse Cookery xix. 304 Red currants are done the same 
way. 31822 Lams £éia Ser. 1. Roast Pig, How equably he 
twirleth round the string. Now he is just done. 1885 
Manch. Exam. 16 Sept. 52 [She] will have an extra 
bloater or a mutton chop done to a turn. AZod. (U. S.) 
Advertisement, Young woman as dinner or order cook: 
capable of doing pastry. ’ 

e. To work at or out, solve, translate, review, 
depict, etc. : 

1780 —— Let. to Mrs. Thrale 9 May, My Lives creep 

I have done Addison, Prior..and almost Fenton, 1813 
Macautay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. 41, ldo Xenophon every 
day. 1855 ‘THackeray Newcomes iii, He has done [sketched] 
me and y Re too. 1866 Reader 3 Nov. 914 The gentle- 
man who ‘ does’ the French*books for the Athenzeum. 1883 
R. Bucuanan Love me for ever Ur. iii. g2 There Amos often 
sat and did his accounts. 1887 L. Carkot, Game of Logic 
iv. 96 Not one syllable of lessons do they ever do after their 
one o'clock dinner. Jfod. A class of boys a 

-2 


DO. 


while another is doing Euclid. I cannot do this problem. 
Show me how to do this sum. 

d. To enact, act; to play the part of. 

1509 Saks. Afuch Ado 11.1, 122 You could neuer doe him 
so ill well, vnlesse you were the very man. 1660 Pepys 
Diary 11 Oct., To the Cockpitt to see ‘The Moore of 
Venice’, which was well done. 1709 StreLe 7atler No. 4 
?4 A great Part of the Performance was done in Italian. 
1770 Foote Lame Lover u. Wks. 1799 II. 80, 1 shall do 
Andromache myself. 1830 Fraser's . 1. 131 He was 
too poor to do comet; but he did , ed with some 
brilliancy. 1857 HuGues Tom Brown. vii, East still doing 
the cicerone. 1883 Century Mag. XXV.755/1 He did not 
seem to do the host. 

e. To finish up, exhaust, undo, ruin, ‘do for’. 

¢1350 Will. Palerne 937 And but he wi3tly wite, y-wisse, 
yam done. a 1400-50 Alexander 3713 How we haue done 
ser Dary & drepid his kniztes. 1542 Upatt -rasm. 
Afpoph. 364 A man euen with veray age almoste clene 
dooen. 1666 Drypen Ann. Mirad. \xx, The Holland fleet, 
who, tired and done, Stretch’d on their decks like weary oxen 
lie. 1812 Examiner 9 Nov. 719/2 Oh, Charles, you have 
done me. 1841 P. McFartane Sf. 25 Aug., If we shrink, 
we are done. 1 Black & White 14 vee 623/2 It was 
a decimal that did me in the Little-Go. 1893 Dunmore 
Pamirs I. go It was a..trying march to-day for men and 
horses, and both were pretty well done by the time we got in. 

f. To hoax, cheat, swindle, overreach. slang. 

1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 136 And I can doe, My 
master too, When my master turnes his backe. 1768 GotpsM. 
Good-n. Man u. i, If the man comes from the Cornish 
borough, you must do him. x80 Sforting Mag. XVIII. 
too To do any one, to cheat him. 1830 Disraect in 
Edin, Daily Rev. 12 May (1885) 2/8 He did the Russian 
Legation at écarté. 1887 Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 106 If 
you are too suspicious of servants .. they take a pleasure in 
‘doing’ you, to use a common saying. 

g. To accomplish (a given distance) in travelling. 

1824 I’. Moore Went. (1853) 1V. 179, [I] did the four miles 
in less than twenty minutes. 1890 Vature 13 Mar. 435 The 
105$ miles between Grantham and London are continuously 
‘done’ in 117 minutes. 

h. To go over as a tourist, visit, see. collog. 

1830 Marrvat A7vng's Own xlii, Captain Hall. .has..done 
North and South America. 1 J.T. Hewett Parsons 
§ IV. xvi, We. .as he used tocall it, ‘d/d a bit of continent’ 
together. 1854 R. Dove Brown, Fones, and Robinson 
They ‘do’ Cologne Cathedral. 1861 Court Life at Naples 
II. 115 ‘Travellers, zealously bent on do‘ng the country and 
all the sights. 

i. ‘To serve out (a term of punishment). slang. 

1865 Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 3/3, ‘I was doing time’..(A cant 
term for serving a sentence in prison). 1889 Botprewoop 
Robbery under Arms 1890) 316 Men that have ‘ done time’. 
1892 Saintspury in Academy 30 Jan. 106/3; Tuer is a 
criminal. .and..does his five years. 

j. With adjectives (in its origin an ellipt. use of 
d): as 0 do the amiable, civil, grand, lazy, polite 
(person); but at length sometimes with ching 
understood. cod/og. 

1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz, Steam Excursion 234/1 Fle used 
to .. flatter the vanity of mammas, do the amiable to their 
daughters. 1856 Wyte Metvitte A’ate Cov. iii, John 
‘doing the polite ', and laughing as he. .introduced ‘ Captain 
Lovell’ and ‘Miss Coventry’. 1864 Sata in Daily Tel. 
24 Aug., Honestly doing the lazy, and luxuriating in the 
--bounteous summer. 1873 Tristram Movaé xiii. 231 Doing 
the civil most oppressively. 1875 R. H. R. Rambles in 
/stria 195 One confesses, goes to mass, and does the proper. 

k. In elliptical expressions, as /0 do the outside 
edge, i.e. to practise skating on the outside edge. 

1885 Graphic 3 Jan. 3/2 To polish up their skates, and to 
dream. .of doing the outside edge almost before Candlemas 
Is over, 

1. In many other expressions, for which see the 
specific words. 

12. With noun of action as object, the two being 
equivalent to a cognate verb of action, as fo do 
writing =to write, to do repairs =to repair things. 

So fo do Barrie, SLauGuTeER, etc. q. v. 

exgrr ist Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 35/1 He comyth 
.-euery yere in his chirche and doth a sermon. 1gag Lp. 
Berners /roiss. IL. clxii. [clviii). 449 There the kynge 
kneled downe and dyd his prayers, 1611 Suaks. Cyd. 
ut. v. 38 The Cure whereof, my Lord, "Tis time must do. 
¢1750 Cuarnam Lett, Nephew i. 1 Your translation .. is .. 
done .. with much spirit, 1885 Law Reports 15 Q. Bench 
liv, 316 To do trifling repairs to waggons. 1894 Dov. 
S. Holmes 58, I was sitting doing a smoke. 

13. To translate or render z#/o another language 
or form of composition. 

1660 Boyte New = Phys. Mech. Pref. 15 He has 
already provided, that this piece shall shortly be done into 
Latine. 1710 SterLe Zatler No. 230 P 2 ks .. not 
translated, but .. Done out of French, Latin, or other 
Language, and Made English. 1727 Pors, etc. Art ¢. 
Sinking 121 A chapter or two of Burnet's theory .. well 
circumstanced and done into verse. 1831 Macauay £ss., 
Boswell's Fohnson (1854) 189/1 When he wrote for publica- 
tion, he did his sentences out of English into Johnsonese. 

+14. In passive, rendering L. fieri, factum esse: 
To be brought about, come to pass, happen. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir Matt, xxvi. 1 It isdon, whenne Jhesus hadde 
eendid alle these wordis, he seide to his disciplis. 1388 — 
/sa. xxxvii. 1 It was don, whanne kyng Ezechie hadde herd, 
he to-rent hise clothis, - 

II. Intransitive senses, 

15. To put forth action, exert activity of any kind 
whatever; to act (in some specified way), Now 
a leading sense of the verb. 

@ 1000 Cxdmon's Gen. 2225 (Gr.) Do swa ic Se bidde. 1154 
O. E, Chron. an. 1137 Naeure hethen men ne diden werse 
pan hi diden. cx20g Lay, 1806 Als his men duden. a 1225 


564 


Ancr, R. 122 penc, dude he so? ¢1380 Wycuir Se?. Wks. 111, 
514 Neiper be k ne his counsa‘ oe ngage f a 
Aupetay Poems 9 To do as thou woldest me dud by the. 
1465 Marc. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 500 II. 178 Send 
me word how ye wyll that I doo there in. "1539 TAVERNER 
Erasm. Prov. (1552) 51 When ye are at Rome, do as they 
do at Rome. 1710 Steete 7atler No, 138 ® 1 It is almost 
a standing Rule to do as others do, or be ridiculous. 

Mrs. Ravcurre /talian vi, He had done imprudently to 
elect her for the companion of his whole life. 1847 TeNny- 
son Princess 1v. 506 You have done well and like a gentle- 
man. 1896 F. Hatt in Nation (N. Y.) LXII. 223/3 An 
example which others.. would do wisely to copy. 

b. To proceed in an emergency or juncture; to 
have recourse to some procedure or action; to 
contrive, manage. 

¢ 1300 Cursor M. 28707 (Cott. Galba) When slike wrake 
on a syn was tane, how sall he do [that] has many ane. 
Suaks. Rich. //, u. ii. 104 How shall we do for money for 
these warres? a@1761 Ricuarpson (Ogilvie), How shall I 
do to answer as they deserve your two last letters? Mod. 
How do you do for fresh provisions ? 

16. ‘To perform deeds; to exert oneself; to work. 
(As opposed to doing nothing, talking, etc.) 

1375 Barsour Brice ut. 585 For all war doand, knycht 
i knawe. 1535 CoverDALe 1 Chron. xxiii. 16 Get 
the vp, and be doynge. 162az Fietcner /s/. Princess u. 
ii, Let's meet, and either do or die. 1724 Ramsay 7va-t. 
Misc. (1733) I. 7 He could neither say nor do. 1793 Burns 
Scots wha hae vi, Liberty's in every blow ! Let us do, or die. 
1850 CartyLe Latter-d. Pamph. v. (1872) 157 All human 
talent..isa talent todo. 1884 W. C. Smitn Adddrostan 58 
You have but to say, and they will do. 

b. euphem. Yo copulate. See Dorne vd7. sb. 1 b. 

17. In perfect tenses: To make an end, to con- 
clude. //ave done! make an end. To have done 
with, to cease to have to do with; to desist or cease 
from. 

1303 R. Brunne //andl. Synne 31 Comyp alle home, and 
Metet 4 doun. ¢1305 St. Aatherine 279 (1862) Do what 
bu wolt and haue ido: and bring pi wille to ende. —_¢ 1400 
Melayne 164 Hafe done! late semble the folke of thyne ! 
1530 PatsGr. 525/2 Nay, and you double ones, I have 
done with you. 1538 Starkey England 1. iii. 77 [They] 
ete them when they hauedowne. 1592 SuHaxs. Nom. & Ful. 
ut. v. 205 Doas thou wilt, for I haue done with thee. 1596 — 
Tam, Shr. mi. ii. 118 Ha done with words, To me she's 
married, not vnto my cloathes. 1668 Perys Diary 17 Nov., 
To make clean the house above stairs ; the upholsterers hav- 
ing done there. 1712 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 
404 After we had done in the Kitchin the woman carried us 
to the East Part of the House. 1803 C. K. Suarre Corr. 
(1888) I. 191, I wish the French would come, and have done. 

8. To fare, get on (in some way). 70 do well: 
to be prosperous in one’s doing or proceedings ; 
to prosper, thrive, succeed. a. of persons. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 13492 (Cott.) ‘We sal’, he said, ‘do nu 
ful wele’, 1375 Barvour Bruce. 128 God..Graunt that 
he thow passis to, & thow sa weill all tyme may do, That 
3e 30w fra 30wr fayis defend ! ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn 
xxxi. 116 Daryus demaunded of his fader how they of p* 
cytye dyd. @1533 Lp. Berners Hon Ixv. 223, I pray you 
shewe me how you haue done syn my departure. 1768 
Sterne Sent. Fourn. (1778) 1. 14 (Passport) Let me go to 
Paris..and I shall do very well. 1832 Hr. Martinrau 
/lomes Abroad i. 2 The farmers were doing badly. 1879 
TrotLore Thackeray 56 He had done well with himself, ani 
had made and was making a large income. 1886 Steven. 
son Dr. Fekyll i, The inhabitants were all doing well..and 
all emulously hoping to do better still. 

b. of things. 

1525 Lp. Berners Fro/ss. II. i. 174 So they had done, if 
the iourney had done amysse. 1§77 B. Gooce //eresbach’s 
Husb, 1. (1586) 31 It dooth best in good grounde. 1600 
Suaks. A. ¥. Z, un v. 111 Words do well When he that 


speakes them pleases those that heare. — Mach. v. 
viii. 3. 1823 J. Bavcock Dom. Amusem. 161 Some fruits do 
best that are put away ina half ripe state. 1847 Frnd. R. 


Agric. Soc. VIII. 1. 447 Flax does well after wheat, and 
wheat does well after flax, J/od, I am glad your affairs are 
doing well, : ef i 

19. spec. With regard to health or condition: To 
be (in health), find oneself, feel, fare (well or ill). 

(Arising out of 18, and in early instances not easy to 
separate from it. Cf. MDu. doen, in same use; also OF. 
Comment le faites vous? Lat. Quid agis? ModGr. mas 
mpagoes; how do you do ?] 

1463 Marc. Paston in Paston Lett, No. 480 II. 142, 
I wold ye shuld send me word powane ye doo. 1535 PALscr. 

24/1, 1 do, I fare well or yvell touchynge my helt 156387 
‘oxe A. & M. (1684) IIL. 253 God be thanked for you, How 
do you? 1 Suaks. 2 Hen, JV, 11. ii. 70 How doth the 
good Knight? may I aske how my Lady his Wife doth? 
1597 Moruty /ntrod. Alus. 2 Pht. How haue you done 
since I sawe you? Jfa. My health, since you sawe mee, 
hath beene..badd. Sree 7atler No, 10 P 1 He 
asked Will ,. how he did? 1709 Sreene & Appison 7bid, 
No. 114 P 1 Child, How does your Father do? 1745 Cnes- 
rerF. Left, I. ciii, 284 1799 SHERIDAN Pisarro |. (1883) 
180 Nodding to booted beaux—t How do, how do?’ 1826 
Disragui Viv, Grey tv. v, All. .asked him ‘ how the Marquess 
did?’ 1854-6 Parmore Angel in Ho... . ix. (1879) 225 
Learn of the language * How d’ye do?’ And go and brag 
that they've been there. : 

20. To ‘work’, ‘act’, operate, or turn out (in 
some way); to do what is wanted; to succeed, 
answer, or serve; to be fitting or appropriate ; to 
suffice. 7hat will do (that’/l do): that is sufficient. 

[The unfortunate conjecture of Latham (followed in sub- 
sequent dictionaries) that do here represents OE. dugan, 
Dow, and is thus a distinct verb, is entirely erroneous. 

1596 Suaxs. 1 //en, /V, n. iv, 188, I neuer dealt better 
since I was a man: all would not doe. 1618 Botton /VZorus 
iv. ii. (1636) 262 As if she tride how it would do. 1750 
Cnestexr. Lett. (1792) III. No. 226, 24 Adieu, my dear! 


DO. 
I find will do. Foore Lyar m1, Wks. 1799 1. 
No, hs Ae Mandeville, it won't c 1805 Maw. foe 


wortn Wks, (Reldg.) 1, 48 She had long since prophesied 


che would not do for them. 1818 Crutse Digest (ed. 2) II 
= a. ae tae af Wie Gaara 
not do, Lowett Biglow P. Poet. 1 1 

+ ia t Yankee .. not so 1 ents 4 


will do. 1861 Neate Notes Dalmatia, etc. m 
_ — if: a = Son 3 but it did. = Favewan 
Ow » H. Jor Child, xi. § 2. Perhaps it would hard! 
iaverishane Sond bia: ‘Mod. Than will do, thank-ven, A 
TIT. Causal and auxiliary uses. * Causal. 
+ 21. With ¢Aaz and subord. clause: To make it 


c K. AEtrrep Gregory's Past. Care xxi. (1871) 207 Te 
agin t du forgitst. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 45 Se pe ded 
t sunne 


c¢1175 Lamb, 
sweuene cam, ¢1386 Cuaucer Aut.’s 7. 1547 Do that I 


tomorwe haue victorie. 

22. With 0/7. and znfin. (the obj. being logical 
subject of the infin.) : To make or cause a person, 
etc., to do something. +a. with simple infin. ; 
e.g. ‘he did them come’. Zo do him die: to cause 
or make him die, to put him to death. Oés. or arch. 

c 825 Vesp. Psalter xxxviii. 12 Aswindan pu didest. .sewle 
his. /did. ciii. 32 Se Zelocad in eordan & doed hie cwaecian. 
¢1000 Ags, /'s. (Th.) ciii. 30 He. .ded hi for his egsan ealle 
beofian, 1154 O. £. Chron, an. 1140, Pe biscop of Win- 
cestre..dide heom cumen pider. c12g0 Gen. §& Ex. 3608 
Min engel on Sal ic don bi-foren gon. ax300 Cursor 
M, 3071 (Cott.) barn sco dide drinc o pat wel. ¢1386 
Cuaucer Frankl. T. 609 In yow lith al to do me lyue or 
deye. 1460 CarGrave Chron. 264 The Kyng.. ded his 
ates arestin .. his uncil the Duke of G ir. 1590 
. 1. vi. 7 Sometimes, to do him laugh, 

'o laugh. 1621 AInswortu A nunot. on Ps. lix. 
1886 Burton Arad. Nts. 
I. 11 So he carried her to the place of execution and did 
her die.) : 
+b. with dative infin. Obs. or arch. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 11222 (Cott.) He. .did pe dumb asse to 
speke. c1300 //arrow. Hell 124 Y shal .. do the to holde 

ryht [=gryp]. ax Cuaucer Rom, Rose 1063 An 
te ae have [they] don to dye. 1450 Merlin 29 The 
kynge dide hem to swere. a1§47 SurREY ineid 11. 140 Oft 
the lakeanax winds did them to stay. 1 H. Burres 
Dyets drie Dinner P iijb, Who smoke selleth, with smoke 
be don to dy. [1886 burton Arad, Nts. 1. 10 He shall 
do you to die by the illest of deaths.] 

ec. Zo do (one) to wit, know, or understand: 
to cause (one) to know; to give (one) to under- 
stand; to make known to; to inform. arch. 
a1131 O. E. Chron. an. 1127 Se ilce Heanri dide king 
to understandene pat he hzfde [etc.]. ¢1a0g Lay. 27150 
And sone duden him to witen Whuder he wolde wenden. 


Srenser /, 
would assay 
1 To kill him or to doe him die. 


eb here... 


1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 22 We are done to wit, that 
‘tis an infinite not infinite. 1828 Scorr F/. Af. Perth xxxi, 
We..do thee, Sir Patrick Charteris..to know, that [etc.}. 
+d. with passive infin. (with or without ‘Z0’) : 
e.g. ‘to do him (to) be slain’. Ods. 
axes Commer = 1 ay ange BSF yan ary ce tan. 
. re le udest 
ccuay be born, sete Caxton Gale, Lay. elie Thali 
no wyse she shold shewe ne doo be knowen that she were 
awoman. 1§30-1 Act 22 Hen. VI//, c. 12 Every of them 
shall do the sayde seales to be made. 

+ 23. With the logical subject of the inf. omitted ; 
the infinitive —e (usually) ¢vams, with its own 
object. E.g. Do bind him =make somebody bind 
him, cause him to be bound, have him loon 
( =Fr. faire lier, Ger. binden lassen). Obs. 

crago Aentish Serm. in O. E. Misc. 26 Po dole heen 


Vv. 1 in Jo 

Merlii kynge dide do make this dragon..and lete 

be torn Gore hym. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 26 He shal 
ye 


rl or do the pencyowns. 1541 Act 33 Hen. 
ita fr Bolton stat. Irel, (1621) 209 gee d such person. . 
shall doe make a engraved with the name of the 
Castle.. which he 


keepeth, 
+b. with dative Ven Obs. / 

a 1300 Cursor M. 1936 (Cott.) Noe did to rais an auter 
suyth (Fair, gert to raisse, 7vin. let reise]. cxqg0 Merlin 
27 Than [he) did to brynge ston and morter. 

te. passive. To be caused re be done. Ods. 
scer Rom, R nother thing was doon 
is pr tale (thei) didle write another thing *.) 
** As a substitute for other verbs, 

24, Put as a substitute for a verb just used, to 
avoid its repetition. a. Without construction, and 
so intransitive (as in 15), whether the verb which it 
represents is intr. or trans. 

c 1000 Erric Man. Astron. (Wright) 2 [Seo sunne] scind 


under pire on nihtlicre tide swa swa heo on dag 
ded bufan urum heafdum. ¢1000 — ig. xvi, 30 He 
miccle ma on his acwealde wer cucu 


O. E. Chron. an. 1127 ee 
drane dod on hive. 


DO. 


lauerdes .. god gremiad, swa saul pe king dude. ¢ 1340 
Cursor M. 13950 (Fairf.), I haue him knawen & sal do 
{77in. haue done] euer. 1411 Rolls of Parit. 111. 650/2 
He ne hath noght born hym as he sholde haue doon. 1327 
R. Tuorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 252 If as the king of 
Portingall doth, he would become a merchant. c 1682 
. Cotuns Making Salt 141 We pay double the price we 
formerly did. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 306 If competition 
advances ., as it done for several years. cag 
Higher Eng. Gram. 176 He speaks as well as you do. 

b. In some (esp. late) instances do, did, is to be | 
explained as an elliptical use of the periphrastic 
form: see 26. 

160 Suaks. Temp. 11. i. 195 It sildome visits sorrow, when 
it doth, it is a Comforter. 1816 J. Witson City of Plague 
ut. iv, Spoke they not of a burial-place? They did. 1823 
Byron Let. to Kinnaird 18 Jan., r will economise, and do. 
Yr. Fraser's Mag. 1.749, 1 think I said that before. Yes, 

id. 


Bain 


ce. With the construction of the verb which it 
represents, and thus often ¢vavs. (as in 6). 

cx175 Lamb. Hom. 65 Vre gultes .. bon us forzeuen Al 
swa we dob alle men pet liuen. /éid. 93 Nu luje bu na 
monnum, ac dudest gode. axzz00 Moral Ode 304 And { 
warnie his frend .. swo ich habbe ido mine. a@ 1225 Axcr. 
R. 54, 3et ne seid hit nout pzt heo biheold wepmen ; auh ded 
wummen. cr Song Husbandm. 57 in Pol. Songs 
(Camden) 152 He us honteth ase hound hare doth on hulle. 
c1340 Cursor M, 5672 (Trin.) Woltou me sle..As pou didest 

egipcian not 30re? ¢ 1394 P. Pl. Crede 357 Wou3 halwen 

i chirches And delep in devynitie as dogges dob bones. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 301 They did leade the 
bounden as they do theues. 1626 L. OWEN Sec. Yesuit. 
(1629) 18 These diseases doe alwaies accompanie the Iesu- 
ites, as a dogge doeth a Butcher. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. 
i, I... chose nry wife, as she did her wedding-gown .. for 
such qualities as would wear well. 1880 L. WALLacr Bex- | 
Hur v1. iii. 144 Thank thou thy God..as I do my many gods. 

d. The following serve to connect the substitute 
use with senses 6 and 15. 

(To do so = to act thus; fo do it = to perform this act.) 

a 1000 Cxdmon's Gen, 2586 (Gr.) Waldend usser zemunde 
weerfest ba Abraham arlice, swa he oft dyde. c1o0o Ags. 
Gosp. Mark viii. 6 [He] sealde his leorning-cnihtum bat hi 
toforan’ him asetton, hi swa dydon. c 1297 R. Giouc. 
(1724) 377 Pat folc com... And robbede & destrude, as hii 
were ywoned to done. ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 932 Roland 
prikede is stede .. so dude scot Gwylmer, So dude Geffray 
and Aubrys. cx1g00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iii, 10 Pai sell 
benificez of haly kirk, and so duse men in ober places. 
1533 Bettenven Livy, Tak away that odius name .. and, 
gif you dois it plesandlie, thy cieteyanis sal, [etc.]. 1560 
Brecon New Catech. Wks. 94 If a man maim his neighbour as 
he hath done. 1615 Bepwett Moham. Imp. Aij b, If any 
man shall. .say, as the consistorie..did by the Talmud, That 
it were better that such foolish fables. .were..suppressed. 
1678 Butier Hud. ut. iii. 244 For those that fly may fight 
again, Which he can never do that’s slain. 1793 BEDDoES 
Sea Scurvy 52 They may acquire this principle .. but we 
have no direct experience of their doing so. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) V. 561 Whoever wanted to surrender must.. 
do it in person, 1826 Disrartt Viv. Grey v.v, In passing 
through the bazaar one morning, which he seldom did. 

*** As a Periphrastic Auxiliary of the present 
and past Indicative, and Imperative. (Formerly 
sometimes of the Infinitive.) 

(For a detailed treatment of this, see ‘ Das Umschreibende 
De * der Neuenglischen Prosa’ by Hugo Dietze, Jena, 
1895 

As auxiliary of the Zndicative ( present and past). 

Examples of this are found already in OE. (as in MDu., 

O. & MLG., mod.Ger. dialects). It is more frequent in ME., 
but became especially frequent after 1500, first as a simple 
periphrastic form without perceptible difference of sense, in 
which use it has in the s.w. dialects practically taken the 
place of the simple form of the verb (e. g. / d% say for J say, 
he dit zim for he seems), But in standard English it isnow 
regularly used only where, for the sake of emphasis, or of 
word position, it is advantageous to have the verb in two 
words, so that the auxiliary may receive the stress or be 
separated from the main verb, like the auxiliaries of the 
perfect and future tenses, to which the periphrastic present 
and past is exactly parallel in use. Thus Simple Afirma- 
tive after certain conjunctive adverbs : ‘So quietly did he 
come that..’ (like ‘So quietly has he come’). Amphatic . 
* He did drink*, ‘and drink e did’ (like ‘I wild go’, ‘and 
go I will’). Interregative: ‘Do you hear?’ (like ‘ Will 
you hear?'). Negative: ‘ They do not speak’ (like ‘ They 
will not speak,’ “They have not spoken ao 

25. In Affirmative sentences. 

a. Originally, simply periphrastic, and equiva- 
lent to the simple tense. Found in OE., frequent 
in ME., very frequent 1500-1700, dying out in 
normal prose in 18th c.; but_still retained in s.w. 
dialects; also as an archaism in liturgical and 
legal use, and as a metrical resource in verse. 

¢893 K. AEtrreD Oros. 1. x. § 5 Eftre dam hie dydon 
egber ze cyninga ricu settan ze niwu ceastra timbredon. 
1297 R. Giouc. on Bd Ps lond..ofte he dude bytraye. 
c¢1420 Chron. Vilod, 315 In hurre lyff, as we don rede. 
¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn x\vii. 180 She ded call after « 
= ryght pyteousli. 1526-34 Tinpate, Yohn i. 45 Of 
whom Moses in the lawe and the prophetes dyd wryte. 
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Collect 1st Sund. Lent, 
0 » whiche for oure sake dyddeste faste fortye dayes 
and fourtie nightes. 1557 Bury Wills (Camden) 148 He 
do knowe the men that do owe me the sayd monie. 1615, 
Bepwett Moham, Imp. 1. § 120, | do pity the case in 
which I do see they are. ie, Hetil Fourn, Low C. Pref., 

* Which doth sufficiently evince they were not of that Original. 
e1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 192 He did design a new 
house. 1748 Cursterr. Left. (1792) II. clvi. 56 Good-breed- 
ing, and good-nature, do incline us rather to help and raise 


a up. 1787 Winter Syst. Hush. 54 The vernal heat 
of the sun does also influence them. 1818 Cruise Digest 


: 565 


(ed. 2) IIT. 22 This being no more than the law doth appoint. 
1838 Loncr. Reaper § F 7. vi, The flowers she most did love. 

B. Also employed as an auxiliary to itself as independent 
vb., or (formerly) in its substitute and causal uses. 

@ 1400 Octouian gor The kyng hym louede. .So dede al do 
that in Paris were. 14.. Hoccteve in Anglia V. 30 Thogh 
thow no lenger do do by my reed. 1490 Caxton Eneydos 
Prol. 2 My lorde abbot. vdea | do shewe to me late certayn 
euydences. ¢1500 Melusine xix. 103 A grete toure § bigge, 
whiche Julius Cesar dide doo make. 1667 Pepys Diavy 29 
July, He and the Duke of York do do what they can to get 
up an army. ; 

b. Still used, instead of the simple tense form, 
in those constructions in which the ordinary order 
of pronoun and verb is inverted; the use of the 
periphrastic form allowing the main verb to retain 
its final position as in the perfect and future. 

¢888 K. ELrrep Boeth. vi, Swa dop nu ba peostro pinre 
zedrefednesse wipstandan minum leohtum larum. c 1250 
Gen, & Ex, 1518 An time dede ysaac flen, 1551 Roginson 
tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 145 This lawe did kynge Utopus 
make. 1579 Lyty uphues (Arb.) 45 Ah Euphues little 
dost thou know [etc.]. 1588 Suaxs. L. LZ. L.1. 1. 249 There 
did I see that low-spirited Swaine. 1598 Bacon £ss., 
Atheism (Arb.) 121 In vayne doth he striue. 1644 Mitton 
Areop. (Arb.) 33 Thus did Dion .. counsell the Rhodians. 
1692 Locke Educ. (1699) 205, I should not say this .. did 
I think that [etc.]. 1749 Fiecpinc Yo Jones (‘Tauchn.) 
I. 216 Such vengeance did he mutter forth. 1766 Gotpsm. 
Vic. W. xiv, Nor did she seem to be much displease 
1849 Dickens Dav. Coff.(Tauchn.) I. 90 Not a single word 
did Peggotty speak. 1850 Hawrnorne Scarlet L. 194 
Never did mortal suffer what this man has suffered. A/od. 
How bitterly did I repent ! Well do I remember the scene. 

ce. Now the normal Lymphatic form of the present 
and past Indicative. 

The stress is placed upon the auxiliary, as in the perfect 
and future tenses. ‘Chere may be inversion of order as well. 

1581 Perri: Guazzo’s Civ, Conv. 1, (1586) 27 b, But these 
same.. doe manye times more offend .. than those who doe 
commit them [1738 Guazzo’s Art. Conv. 52 ‘Than those who 
actually commit them]. 1599 SHaks. Auch Ado U1. iii. 204. 
i6or — Zwel. N. ut. i. 32 V.'Vhou art a merry fellow and 
car’st for nothing. C. Not so, sir, I do care for something, 
but .. Ido not care for you. 1683 Wycnertey Co. Wife v. 
ii, 7. Art thou sure I don’t know her? /’. I am sure you 
do know her. 1689 Suertock Death ii. § 1 (1731) 61 And 
yet die they all did. 1773 Gotpsm. Svoofs to Cong. u, 1 
do stir about a good deal, that’s certain. 1826 Disrae.t 
Viv. Grey uu. v, The floodgates of his speech burst, and talk 
he did. /éfd. 1v. iv, Why, Mr. Grey, 1 do declare you are 
weeping. 1832 Tennyson Death Old Year iii, We did so 
laugh and cry with you. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ix, But 
we dowant him. 1863 Bricut Sf. A szer. 26 Mar., But these 
concessions failed, as I believe concessions to evil always do 
fail. 1890 /ddustr, Lond. News Xmas No. 2/1, 1 do wish 
you would let me sleep. J/od. Tell us what he did do. 

+d. In ME, the main verb was sometimes put 


in the same tense and person: cf. 30 a. B. 


c 1208 Lay. 9385 Aras ber pe to-nome, swa dod a feole wise * 
my areet 


to-nome arised. 1387 Trevisa Higdex (Rolls) I. 155 Thales- 
tris .. did wroot to kyng Alexandre in pis manere. ¢ 1460 
Towneley Myst, (Surtees) 15 Whi brend thi tend so shyre, 
Ther myne did bot smoked? 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour 
Dviij, He dyd made to rayne fourty dayes. 

26. In /nterrogative sentences. 

The periphrastic form with do, did, is now the 
normal form. Its use allows the pronoun to be 
placed between the auxiliary and main verb, instead 
of coming after the latter: e.g. ‘Did he recognize 
her?’ instead of ‘ Recognized he her?’ 

In monosyllabic verbs, the simple form may still be used ; 
it is always used in de and usually in Zave, though very 
recently (esp. in U. S.) we find do you have? did you have? 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 442 Fader why do ye wepe? 
¢ 1450 Cov. Alyst. 196 Dude 3e hym se? 1549 LatiIMER 37¢ 
Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 84 Did ye se any greate man? 
1557 N.'T. (Genev.) Yoh xvi. 31 Now do you beleue ? [16r1 
Do ye now believe?] 1610 SHaks. 7.1. ii. 250 Do’st 
thou forget From what a torment I did free thee? 1738 
Guazzo’s Art Conv. 76 Do’st think I never saw a Crane 
before? 1773 GotpsM. Stoops to Cong. 11, What d’ ye call 
it? 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. viii, ‘Why, Sam, what 
do we mean?’ said Mrs. Shelby, breathless. 

27. In Negative sentences. 

The periphrasis with do, did, is now the normal 
form with zo¢. Its use allows the negative to 
come after the auxiliary, instead of following the 
principal verb: e.g. ‘ We did not recognize him’ 
instead of ‘ We recognized him not’. 

The introduction of the periphrastic do not, did not, was 

d with the obsol se of the earlier usage which 
placed the hg a particle first, ‘ we ne sungen’. 

The simple form is still retained with dc, have (‘do’, ‘did 
not have’, is colloquial and recent, chiefly in U.S.), and 
is frequent with monosyllabic words as dare, need; with 
other verbs it is always possible, and not being the ordinary 
form has an impressive rhetorical effect. 

¢1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 472 It is to late to 
repente me that I dyde not doo. ¢1489 — Blanchardyn 
xli. 153 Whan ye dyde not knowe hym. 1564 GrinpAL 
Rem. (1843) 22, I do not doubt but that God revealed .. 
other parts. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 224 When it 
does not actually freeze. 1719 De For Crusoe u1. iii, They 

id not take their measures with them, as I did by my man 
riday. 1776 Trial of Nundocolnar 73/2 If you do not 

ive a plain answer. .you will be committed. 1889 J. Fiske 

Var of Independence 139 The popular histories do not have 
[=have Sat) much to say about these eighteen days. Mod. 
We do not know. 

28. In Negative Interrogative sentences. 

Now the normal form, as in 26 and 27. 

1581 Perris Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1, (1586) 11 Doe you not 
thinke that these men may be called wise? [1738 Guazzo’s 


DO. 


Art Conv. 19 Don't you think that these men may be called 
Wise ?] 1638 Cuituinew. Relig. Prot. 1. iii. § 4 Doe not 
they agree in those things? 1655 Stantey //ist. Philos. 
ut, (1701) 124/1 Did he not aim at your hurt? 1796 H. 
Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud, Nat. (1799) 1. 387 Do we not 
see there..talents distracted? 1841 Lane Arad. Nes. I. 83 
Dost thou not believe that I was in it? 

29. In colloquial speech do not (senses 27, 28), 
is usually contracted to don’t (ddunt), does not to 
doesn’t (vulgar don’t from do not 3rd sing. : see 
A2c.y¥), did not to didn’t. The dialectal forms 
are numerous: Sc. dinna, disna, didna, north.Eng. 
dunno, dunnot. 

1672 WycuerLey Love in Wood u. i, Don’t you know me? 
1687 ConcrevE Old Bach. 1. iv, Faith, I don’t know. 1706 
Farquuar Recruit. Of. wv. iii, Don't the moon see all the 
world? 1713 Appison Ca/o 11. ii, You don’t now thunder 
in the capitol. 1713 R. Netson Life Bull 81 Why, said the 
Preacher, Solomon don’t say so. 1731 Kedler’s Rules for 
Thorow Bass in Holder Harmony 168 Play common Chords 
on all Notes where the following Rules dont direct you 
otherwise. 1762 Gent?. Mag. 38 It don’t regard the present 
war. 1775 SHERIDAN Rivals v. ii, Didn't you stop? 1818-60 
App. WHA Commpl. Bk. (1864) 216, ‘I don't think so’. . 
is good English. But we should not say ‘he don’t think 
so’, but he doesn’t think so. 

30. As auxiliary of the Zzferative. 

a. In the Imperative fosz/7ve, adding force to 
entreaty, exhortation, or command (this usually 
with the pronoun inserted as ‘do you goat once !”) ; 
in’ early times, down to ¢ 1600, it was sometimes 
merely periphrastic. 

The main verb is in OE. found both in the Infinitive («) 
and the Imperative (8); the Imperative is usual in early 
ME.; in later use (y) the forms are indistinguishable, but it 
is usually viewed as Infinitive, as in 25. 

a, cx000 ys. /’s. (Uh.) cxviiifi]. 25 Do me efter binum 
wordum wel gecwician [L. weifica me.) 

B. cx000 Ags. Gosp. John viii. 11 Do ga, and ne synya 
pu nzfre ma. c 1160 //atton G. ibid., D6 ga(L.vade). a x225 
Fuliana 39 Do swide sei me. ax225 lucy. RK. 398 Gif pi 
luue nis nout for to 3iuen, auh wult allegate bet me bugge 
hire, do seie hu! @x300 Cursor AT. 4893 Dos folus bam 
[#. do folow).  /6¢@. 23159 Dos fles heben, yee maledight ! 
[£din, do fles, 77x. do fleep.]  ¢ 1340 Gaw. 4 Gr. Ant. 1533 
Dos techez me of your wytte. 

y. ©1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 262 Do stiffeley steppe on 
pis stalle. xg8z2 Bentixy Alon, Alatrones ut. 342 Doo 
you let all men to vnderstand, that this is God. — 1g591 
Spenser M. Hudberd 1331 Arise, and doo thy selfe redeeme 
from shame. 1606 SHaks. 77 &§ C7. Vv. ii. 105, I, come: 
O Ioue! doe, come! 1722 De For Col. Jack (1840) 31 Do 
you go. 1749 Fietpinc Zo Fones (‘Vauchn.) II. 15 Do tell 
me what I can have for supper. 


Imperative. 

16rr Suaks. Wint. 7. v. iii. 144 Giue me the lie, do. 
SHERIDAN Duenna u. iv, Get in, do. 
lii, Let me say a prayer. Do! 4 

e. In do but —, do was perhaps not originally 
auxiliary, but a main verb=xe do but, do nought 
but —: cf. Bur conj. 6. 

1604 Dekker /fonest Wh, ww. i. Wks. (1888) 107 Do but 
think what sport it will be. 1638 Hrywoop IiZse Wow. 
Hogsd. w. iv. Wks. (1888) 311 Do but wait here. 1768 
Gotps. Good-n. Man vy, Do but hear me. 1832 CARLYLE 
in Fraser's Mag. V. 260 Do but open your eyes. 

d. In the Imperative negative, do not, colloq. 
contracted don’t (do"nt), is now the normal form. 

(Lhe simple forms, now archaic, may still be used im- 
pressively, as de not, say not, think not, withhold not.) 

1590 Suaks, AZids. N. 111. ii. 306 Good Hermia, do not be 
so bitter with me. 1599 — Auch Ado. i. 87 O doe not 
doe your cosin such a wrong. 1672 Wycnertey Love in 
Wood 1. ii, Don’t speak so loud. 1687 Concreve Old Bach. 
ul. viii, Don’t come always, like the devil, wrapped in flames. 
1705 Vansurcu A/sstake 1.i, Hold, master, don’t kill him 
yet. 1807 Anna Porter Hungar. Bro. vi. (1832) 66 Do not 
you add to the idle race. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge 6 
Don’t you speak, JZo?. Mr. Punch’s celebrated advice to 
those about to marry—‘ Don’t’. 

+31. As auxiliary of other parts of the verb, The 
16th c, Scottish poets extended the periphrastic 
use to the infinitive and pples,: thus, te do zucres = 
to increase, done discus = distussed, doand proclame 
=proclaiming. Traces of this occur elsewhere. 

1508 Dunsar Lament for Makaris 49 He hes done 
petuously devour The noble Chaucer, of makaris flouir. 
a1g20 — Thistle § Rose 24 The lark hes done the mirry 
day proclame.” 1513 DoucLas 4xeis x11. x. 103 Onto his 
ceptre thou sall do succeid. 1556 Lauper 7vactate 23 No 
geir sulde do the faltour bye. /éid¢. 340 As I afore haue 
done discus. 1578 Scot. Poems 16th C, II. 189 And many 
other false abusion The Paip hes done invent. 1597 Regul. 
Manor Scawby Lincolnsh. (MS.), That the Carrgraues shall . 
doe execute theire office truely. 

IV. Special uses of certain parts of the verb. 
+32. Do, the imperative, was used absolutely, 
as a word of encouragement or incitement = Go 
on! goit! (Cf. L. age; also 30b.) Ods. 

c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 297 Do, do, laye youre handes 
Belyue on pis lourdayne. 1590 Suaxs. AZids. N. 1. ii. 237, 
I, doe, perseuer, counterfeit sad lookes. 1610 — Tem. iv. 
239 Doe, doe ; we steale by lyne and leuell. 

33. To do (formerly in north. dial. a¢ do: see 
Ano), the dative infinitive, is used predicatively 
after the verb /o de, also attributively after a sb.= 


1775 
1838 DickENs O. Twist 


DO. 


Proper or necessary to be done, hence, + the thing to 
be done, necessary, needful (0ds.). [= MDu.7e doene, 
MLG. éo dénde, to dén, needful.] What's to do? 
What is the matter? + 70 have somewhat to do: 
to have something the matter with one (oés.). 

cago Beket 476 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 120 ‘ We schullen do’ 
seint Thomas seide ‘al pat is to done.’ c1340 Cursor M. 
1651 (Trin.) Wreche to take hit is to done [= It is necessary to 
take vengeance]. c1420 Padllad. on f/usb.1. 11 What is to 
rere or pa in everything. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. 
ccxlii. 357 If it were to do agayn. a1§33— //1on cxxxix. 
521, I can not beleue but that my wyfe hath sumwhat to 
do. 1 Suaxs. Afeas. for M. 1. il. 114 What's to doe 
heere, Thomas Tapster? let’s withdrawe. 1605 — Macd. v. 
vii. 28 And little is to do. 1708-1774 The devil and all to do 
[see Devit sé. 22 g). 

b. Hence it has passed into a subst. phrase = 
Apo, work, business, bustle, fuss. 

1570-6 Lamparve Peramb. Kent (1826) 211 The husband 
(with much to doe) consented to the condition. 1675 EvELYN 
Mem. (1857) 11. 103 What a to-do is here! 1782 PriestLey 
Corrupt. Chr. U1. 11. 141 There was much to do about..re- 
admission. 1830 Gatt Laurie T. 1. v. (1849) 159 In the 
midst of the bustle and to-do. 1882 Stevenson Stud. Men 
4 Bks, 224 Many a to-do with blustering Captains. 

ce. Zo have to do, to have something to do, to 
have business, or concern. What has he to do? 
What business has he ...? arch. and dial. 

?axg00 Sir Penny in Ritson Anc. Songs & B. (1877) 116 
If I have to don fer or ner And Peny be myn massangar. 
1530 Patscr. 596/2 If I kembe my heed tyll to morowe 
what have you to do? 1§70-6 Lamparpe Peramd, Kent 
(1526) p. xii, All these Nations have had to doe within this 
our Countrie. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 135 Neither 
any man hath to doe, to forbid and warnethem, 1611 Bise 
Ps. 1.16 What hast thou to doe, to declare my Statutes? 
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) 1. 187 What has he to do 
to controul you? 

da. 70 have to do with (in ME.also fo do of, at 
do with): to have dealings or business with; to 
have connexion or intercourse (of any kind) with ; 
to have relation to. 

c117§ Lamb. Hom.77 Na mon..mid me flesliche nefde to 
done. ¢ 1205 Lay. 19056 The king hire wende to, & hafde 
him to done wid leofuest wimmone. a 1300 Cursor Al. 14974 
(Cott.) Pe lauerd has Wit pam for todo, /did. 16487 (Gott.) 
Han we noght par-of to do. c1460 Vowneley Myst. 
(Surtees) 76, I had never with the to do, How shuld it [that 
chyld] then be myne? 1555 Even Decades 34 He wolde 
not haue to doo with suche myscheuous men, 1630 Waps- 
worth Sf. Pilgr, viii. go, I neuer had any thing to doe with 
the said Duke. 1711 Streeter Sect. No. 33 ? 1 Insolent 
towards all who have to do with her. 1830 /raser's Mag. 1. 
203 It has nothing to do with the purpose. 1875 JoweTT 
? lato (ed. 2) V. 34 All law has to do with pleasure and pain. 

34. Doing, the pres. pple., is used in the sense 
‘in action, at work, actively engaged, busy’. 

1375, 1535 [see 16]. 1838 Loncr. /’salm of Life ix, Let us 
then be up and doing. 

tb. 70 be doing with: to be engaged with, at 
work with, engaged in active hostilities with. Ods. 

1601 Howtann Pliny I, 106 As if he would now and then 
be doing with the seas. 1608 Gotpinc Ep/t. Frossard u. 
127 The truce. . being expired, the French King had a mer- 
uailous desire to bee doing with the King of England. 1724 
De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 268 Our general would fain 
have been doing with him again. 

e. Zo be doing [in which an early passive use of 
the present pple. (cf. northern doand, a 1300, and 
mod.Sc.) seems to have blended with a-dozng, i.e. 
the verbal sb. governed by the prep. a= on, in] is 
used with a passive signification (=the passive of 
senses 6-12), for which in more recent use the 
passive form decng done is often substituted. 

ay Cursor M. 26812 (Cott.) Pat pere er dedis doand 
seu. pal pai agh sare wit resun reu. 1§26 TiNDALE Col. iv. 
g All thynges which are adoynge here. ax H. Smitn 
Wks. (1867) II, Sin, which is here expressed (while it is 
a-doing) to be, not bitter, but sweet. 1666 Prerys Diary 
22 Aug., My closett is pea upholsters. @171§ Burner 
Own Time (1766) 1. 152 While these things were doing. 
1749 Lavy M. W. Monracu Let. to C'tess Bute 7 May, 
What is doing among my acquaintance at London, fod. 
There is nothing doing. 

35. Done, the pa. pple., is used esp. in the sense 
‘accomplished, finished, brought to an end’: see 
8. Hence a, in dating an official document. 

1833 /raser's Mag. V¥I. 49 ‘Done at Battle, in the 
County of Sussex’; signed as our ambassador at Paris 
would sign a treaty of peace. 

b. as the word for the acceptance of an offer, 
esp. of a wager. 

1596 Suaxs. /'am. Shr. v. ii. 74 A match; ‘tis done. 1610 
— Temp. u. i. 32 Done: The wager? 1719 D’Urrey Pills 
II. 54 Gad Dam-me cries Bully, ‘tis done. 1771 P. Parsons 
Newmarket 11. 149 ‘Squib against Janus, ten — to 
eight.’ ‘Done, sir, done.’ 1833 Fraser's Mag. VIII. 614 
“Til lay you five guineas I have.’ ‘Done!’ 1844 Dickens 
Mart. Chusz. xxvii, ‘Dine with me to-morrow’..‘I will’, 
said Jonas. ‘Done!’ cried Montague. 

V. With prepositions in specialized senses. 

+36. Do after —. To act in obedience to or 
compliance with : see AFTER prep. 12. Obs. 

i [see Arrer Lage a 12). a1450 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 
at Y tolde her.. but she wolde not do after me. 

37. Do by —. To act towards or in respect of; 
to deal with: see By prep. 26. (With indirect 
passive.) 

c117§ Lamb. Hom. 51 Penne do we bi ure sunne al swa 
me dead bi pe deade, 1387 ‘Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 213 


566 


If a man .. dob wel by hym as bey he were his own childe. 
1408 E. E.. Wills (1882) 15 That he do be me, as he wolde y 
dede by hym. 1667 Perys Diary (1879) 1V. 317 My Lord 
Arlington hath done .. like a gentleman by him. 1865 
Kincstey Herew. ix, To do as he would be done by. 

38. Do for —. (With indirect passive ; esp. in b.) 

a. To act for or in behalf of; to manage or 
provide for; to attend to. Now collog. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxiii. 723 God dyde for 
them..to abate the pride of the flemynges. 1526 ‘TINDALE 
Luke vi. 33 Yf ye do for them which a a you what thanke 
are ye worthy of? 1658 T. Watt Charac. Enemies Ch. 
(1659) 2 When God does for man, he expects that man should 
do oe God, 1712 SreeLe Sect. No. 426 ? 3 Men who 
would do immoderately for their own offspring. 1844 
J.S. Hewterr Parsons § IW, xliii, The slip-shod maid who 

did’ for the lodgers. 

b. To ruin, damage, or injure fatally, destroy, 
wear out entirely. col/og. : 

1752 Fiecpinc Amelia vi. iv. (Farmer) He said he would 
do for him .. and other wicked, bad words. 1803 NELSON 
28 Dec. in Nicolas Désf. (1845) V. 334 The Kent is almost 
done for, and she is going ta Malta. 1811 Jane Austen 
Sense & Sens. xii. (Farmer) He has done for himself com; 
pletely ! shut himself out for ever from all decent society. 
1876 C. D. Warner Wint. Nile i. 18 The railway up the 
Nile had practically ‘done for’ that historic stream. 

39. Do to —, unto —. Toact or behave to; to 
treat. (With zxdtrect passtve.) 

14.. Tundale's Vis. 1704 Pore pylgrymis..Too whom of 
hys charyte he dyd. 1549 Bk. Com. Prayer, Catechism, 
‘Yo do to all men as I would they should do to me. 1748 G. 
White Serm. (MS.) We should .. do as we have been done 
unto. 

40. Do with —. 

a. To deal with, meddle with, have to do with. 
(Cf. 33 d.) 

a 1300 Cursor M. 26833 Cott.) Namli wit fals scrift doand. 
1470-85 Matoxy Arthur ii. v, 1 maye not doo therwith 
said the kynge. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. i. Wks. 
1878 II. 5 And thou his Dutchesse that will doe with 
Diuill. 470d. She has grown old and difficult to do with, 

b. To get on with, put up with, manage with. 
(With znxdirect passtve.) 

1815 Jane Austen Lima (1866) 207 A mind lively and 
at ease can do with seeing nothing. 1842 Penny Cyci. 
XXII. 128/2 Persons in middle life can do with less sheep 
than children or very old persons. 
443/1 We..could well do with a little leaven of the Nisi 
Prius leader. A/od. He does with very few books. _1 think 
ten as many as can well be done with. I am busy, I cannot 
do with you here. 

41. Do without —. To do one’s business or get 
on without; to dispense with. (With zzdir. pass.) 

1713 Appison Cato u1. vi, Come ‘tis no matter, we shall do 
without him. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vii. § 5. 189 But 
there are some things which. .all the real talent and resolu- 

stion in England, will never enable us to do without. 1884 
W. C. Suir Ai/drostan 1. ii. 238, I daresay ..you did with- 
out a frock, Until those debts were paid. Mod. Among 
things that must be done without. 

VI. With adverbs: forming the equivalents of 
compound verbs in other languages: e.g. do about, 
L. cercumddre; do off, L.gxucre. (Chiefly trans. 
with passive.) 

+42. Do about. To surround, enclose. ? Ods. 

1657 R. Licon Barbadoes (1673) 89 A little platform. .done 
about with a double rayle. ; 

+43. Doabroad. Todiffuse, promulgate, publish. 

c1ago Beket 1764 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 157 To don be 
sentence al a-brod. 

44. Do away. 

+a. trans. To put away, dismiss, remove. Ods. 

¢120§ Lay. 3387 Do we awai pane twenti, a tene bec 
inoh3e. a 1300 Cursor M. 3028 (Cott.) Yon bastard Do him 
a-wal. c1400 Maunpev. (1839) xxii. 235 He byddethe hem 
to don here hond a wey. 1486 Bk, St. Albans Cij b, Cast 
it out and doo away the bonis. 1596 Srenser /. Q. vi. xi. 
29 Doe feare away, and tell. z 

b. To put an end to, abolish, destroy, undo. 

c1230 Hali Meid. 11 Do pu hit eanes awei, ne schal tu 
neauer nan oder..acoueren. @ 1340 HAMPOLE Psalter Prol., 
It dos away & distroys noy and angire of saule. c¢ 1440 
Promp. Parv. 126/1 Doon a-wey..deleo, 1450-1530 eid 
our Ladye 294 Thou that doest away the synnes of the 
worlde. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 8 Kynadius kyng of 
scotland dyde away the i 1552 Hutorr, Do awaye 
or vndo, abrogo. 1631 Gouce God's Arrows ii. § 25. 168 
Sundry and i demaines of husband were in a 
manner quite done away. 1794 Sourney Wat Tyler u. iii 


Your grievances shall all be done away. 1804 ed. Fl 
XII. 47 To do away every jealousy. Bes Prescorr Philip 
//, I. 1. vii. 214 Necessary to do away this im) q 


ec. intr. Do away with: a later substitute for 
prec. (With zudirect passive.) 

1789 Romitty in Bentham’s Wks. X. 225 Doing away 
with. .the amenability to law. 1832 Fraser's Mag. V. 149 
This does away with much of the disgustfulness. 1891 
Law Times XC1. 
away with the distinctions, Jfod. A practice which has since 
been done away with. ; 

+d. Do away ! (Imperative): see Do way, 53- 
+45. Do down. To put down; to take down; 
to lower; to subdue; to d . Obs. 

cx R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 90 To wend with Sir 
Dunkan, & do Dufnald doune. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 19167 
(Fairf.) Ever wib conquest do vs doun, 1382 Wyctir 
Gen. xxxviii. 19 The abite doon doun that she toke, — 
Mark xv. 36 we if Hely come for to do hym down. 
¢ 1430 /'reemasonry 603 Furst thou most do down thy hode. 
1587 Turserv. 7rag. 7’, (1837) 221 And do their wrathfull 
weapons down. 


1891 Law Times XC..- 


204/2 The Act of Parliament which does _ 


| doon to. cxg20 Pallad. 11. 926 


"xBox Shorting Mag. XVI 


DO. : 


+ 46. Doin. To put in. Ods. 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 11411 (Cott.) Ik yere quen pair corns 


war in-don [G. in done]. 1375 Arim, 40 Make 
a luytel whucche Forte do in pat ilke 
47. Do off. 
a. To put off, take off, remove (what is on) ; to 
Dorr. arch. 


Beowulf 1346 ) He him of dyde isern-byrnan. ©1000 
Sax. reat al ey, Do bonne of pa rinda.  c1ago Gen. & 


Ex, 2781 Moy: 
A, oars (Krin.) OF dud she hir clopes. Me ge inn 


To sketch off, hit off. rare. 

1879 Suaine Burns viii. 195 In this..poem you have the 
whole toiling life of a ploughman and his horse, done off in 
two or three touches. 

48: Doon. To put on; toDon. arch. 

¢ 1000 Sax. Leechd. 11, 32 Haran geallan do wearmne on. 
¢12z0§ Lay. 1701 Brutus Takes his beornes don on heora 
burnan. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 20214 (Cott.) A new smock scho 
did hir on [v.7.0n she dude]. c 1460 Urbanitatis 12 in Babees 
Bk, (1268) 13 Holde of py cappe..Tylle pou be byden hit 
on todo. 1535 CoverpaLe Song Sol. v. 3, I haue | ye off 
my cote, how can I do it on agayne? 1582 N, T. (Rhem.) 
Rom. xiii. 14 Doe ye on our esus Christ. 

LAND Suefon. 185 He did the diademe on. 1828 Scotr 
FM. Perth xxix, ‘1 did on my harness,’ said Simon. 
49. Do ont. ; 
+a. To put out, expel, extirpate, remove. Obs. 

c12ago Gen. & Ex. 3012 Dis flezes flizt vt is don. c 1440 

Gesta Rom. xi. 35 (Harl. MS.) His yen were don out. 
b. To put out (a light), extinguish, Dov. 

¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 1262 Doon owte, or qwenchyn (li3th), 
. extinguo, c14go St, Cuthbert (Surtees) 1856 Pe fire with 
water oute todo. 1 R. H. tr. Lavaterus’ Ghostes (1596) 
44 Having the candles done out. a 1652 Brome Novellas. 
il. Wks. 1475 I. 111 Doe out the uselesse taper, 

e. To clean out, sweep out. 

1728 Vansr. & Cin. Prov. Hush. 1.i. 37 Are all the Rooms 
done out? J/od. The woman who does out his office. 

+d. 70 do out of: to put or take away out of. 

a 1225 Juliana 30 Pohte pat he walde anan don hiré ut of 
dahene. c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 381 He ben don ut of paradis. 
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) Pref. 2 To do it oute of straunge 
men handes. Dives §& Paup. (W. de W.) Introd. ii. 22/1 
I do the out of doubte. 1660 Bonp Scut. Keg. 39 They 
have undone themselves by doing thee out of thy Kingdom. 

e. Zo do (any one) out of : to deprive or dispossess 
of; now esf. to deprive of by — practice or fraud. 

1831 Diskareut Yung. Duke tv. vi, Who boasted of having 
done his brothers out of their..£ 5000. 

50. Do over. To overlay, overspread, cover, coat. 

1611 CotGr., Ardiller..to dawbe, or do eouer, with clay. 
1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 243 [It] is done over with Linseed 
on z Braviey Fam. Dict. s.v. Tapestries, Rub out 
the Chalk with which you have done it all over. 
Morris Earthly Par. UI. 1.6 A mighty club with 
of steel done o'er. 

51. Do to; 

+a. To put to, add, 485 Obs. 

crooo Sax. Leechd. 11, 28 huniz to and baldsamum. 
€1380 Wycur Sed. Wks. 111. 70 pis vers han Cristen men 
Askes and shalkes do to. 

+b. To put to, shut (a door, a book). Ods. 

1562 Great Curse in Becon Relig. Rome (1563) 254 b, Do 
to the boke. Quenche the candle, Ring the Bel 

52. Do up. 

+a. To put up; to raise; to open. ref. To get 
up, arise. Ods, 

¢ x20§ Lay. 1704 Vp heo duden heora castles 3aten, /did. 
5714 Dod vp an waritreo on heo scullen winden. _¢ 1305, 
5 bade, oe 160 in £. Z. P. (1862) 160 Hi doth ham 
up, and forth hi fleeth. ¢ gd Cuaucer Miller's 7, 615 Vp 
the wyndowe dide he hastily. ‘i 

b. To repair, restore, put into proper order, 

1666 Woon Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) Il. 79 To my taylor for 
dying and doing up my puff suit. 1766 Gotvsm. Mic. WW. 
x ‘The can do up 1 clothes. 1829 Cou. Hawker Diary 
(1893) HI. 4 (1) found the gun..newly done up. 1884 Besant 
Ch. Gibeon 1. x, But who is to do up your room every day? 

ce. To put up, fasten up ia pare wrap up. 

1806-7 J. Beresrorn Miseries Hum, Life (1826) xu. i, 
Labouring in vain to do upa 1, with.. weak, bursting 

per. Century Mag. XXIV. 842/2 The peasants are 
indies dens at te ‘ur caps, A Aas 

d. To disable, wear out, tire out. (Chiefly in 


. pple.) collog. ~* 
ee NELson ry in Nicolas Disf. (2845) V3 
Kent being done up. 1812 Sforting May. XX 
Horses riders were completely done up. 
Porter Sir £. Seaward's Narr. 1. 119 
languid, what I called ‘done up’, : 
e. To ruin hme to ‘smash up’. collog. 
1, 100 Done up. . Ruined eens 
ing. 1833 /'ra. ‘ag. VIL, 113 They have re! 
the West Indies] so totally, that they are done w) fds -4 
Jar. EoGewortu Stories Jre/.i, There was 8 paste 
doing up a debtor which none but a creditor { know, 
+58. Do way (in Imperative). Obs. 
a. ‘rans. To put away; to leave off, abandon, 
have done with, con. Dee i 
Cursor M.1 t.) yon wicked 
Po ang 1 j any one Ii}. 2 Do way my wickednes. 
@ 1540 wus et. ae oe 4, Arise a4 aomn & 
wa’ x sluggardy. 1 , Poems ¥ . 1 
Tdolarrie do way, ty way. 


2 The 
often 


© were 


DO. 


b. adsol. or intr. To leave off, let alone, cease. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 3667 (Cott.) ‘Do wai, leue son,’ rebecca 
said, ‘ pat malison on me be laid.’ ¢1340 /é/d. 5976 Trin.) Do 
wey pei seide hit is not so. ¢1475 Rauf Coiljear 436 ‘ Do 
way’, said Schir Rolland, ‘me think thow art not wise.’ 
rsxq Barctay Cyt. § Uplondyshm, (Percy Soc.) p. xi, Do 
way, Coridon, for Gods love let be. 

+54. Do withal. in/r. To do to the contrary ; to 
withstand ; to help it. (In negative and interrog. 
sentences.) Ods. 

14! Matory Arthur x. xxii, It was his owne desyre 
..and therfore I myghte not doo with alle for I haue done 
alle that I can and made them at accord. c¢15§70 Pride 
§ Low/l., It was agreed The craftes man could not do there 
withall. 1596 Munpay tr. Si/vayns Orator 269 But what 
can a woman doe withall, if men doe love her? 1614 
Cuapman May-day A iv, It is my infirmity, and I cannot doe 


withall, to die for ’t. 
Do (dz), sb.1 Also 6-7 doe, 7 doo. [f. Do v.] 


+1. Commotion, stir, trouble, fuss, ADo; usually 
in phr. a deal of do. Obs. (Common in 17th c.) 
{Arising in part from erroneous resolution of ado into a do.] 
[1g86 Ferne Blas. Gentrie 71 It maketh me laugh to 
see what a doe this Herat maketh of nothing.] 1599 Mar- 
ston Sco. Villanie 1. iv, Without much doe. 1601 DENT 
Pathw. Heaven 358 What a marriage, what a meeting, 
what a doe. 1631 Celestina 1. 9 Heer’s a deal of doo 
indeede! 1666 Pepys Diary 31 Mar., To my accounts, 
.. but Lord! what a deal of do I have to understand 


any part of them. 1708 Morreux Radelais ww. Ixiv. (1797) 
262 We find a.. Parasite making a heavy do, and sadly 
railing. 


2. The action of doing, or that which is done ; 
deed, action, business. Chiefly in phr. ¢o do one’s 
do, i.e. what one has to do, or what one can do. 
(Common c 1650-80 ; now rare or arch.) 

1631 J. Burces Answ. Rejsoined 475 Howbeit once, for 
a full-doe, I desire. .to make it appeare [etc.]._ 1 Crom- 
we t Let. 4 Sept., Surely it’s probable the Kirk has done 
their doo. 1664 BuTLER Hud. 1. 111. 952 No sooner does he 
peep into The World, but he has done his doe. 1669 Gace 
Fansenisme 105 The will, and the doe. 1850 CarLyLe 
Latter-d. Pamph. iv. 54 {He] can very well afford to let 
innumerable ducal Costermongers..say all their say about 
him, and do all their do. | 

b. Something done in a set or formal manner ; 


a performance. dza/ or vulgar. 

1828 Craven Dialect, Do,..a fete, ‘a feaful grand do’. 
183r Lincoln Herald 15 July 4/3 At the great Do, or 
Doment, (as it was called in other days; and is now, in 
some places,) in honor of the Whig Ministry. 1890 Placard, 


(Winterton, Lincolnsh.) Barkworth’s ‘Do’..the most popu- | 


lar of local entertainments: 1894 Hatt Caine Manxman 
260 *’Lowed her out to see the do, it’s like’. 

3. A clfeat, fraud, swindle, imposture. slang. 

1835 Dickens Sk. Boz, Broker's Man (D.), I thought it 
was a do to get me out of the house. 1837 — Pickw. xlviii, 
*A disgraceful imposition’, observed the old lady. ‘Nothing 
but a do’, remarked Martin. 1854 R. DoyLe Brown, Fones, 
and Robinson 15 Expressing his opinion that the whole con- 
cern is a ‘do’ and a ‘sell’, 

{| See also DernING-Do. 

Lo (dou), sb.2 Mus. [arbitrary.] The syllable 
now commonly used in solmization instead of Ut, 
to denote the first note (key-note) of the scale 
(movable Do); or in some cases the note C, the 
key-note of the ‘natural’ scale (fixed Do). (In 
Tonic Solfa commonly spelt doh.) 

1954 Dict. Aris & Sc. Il. 957 Do, in music, a note of the 
italian scale, corresponding to #¢ of the common gamut. 
1842 Baruam Jngol. Leg., Netley Abbey 32 Then, you 
know, They'd a moveable Do, Not a fixed one as now. 
1880 Grove Dict. Mus., Do, the syllable used in Italy and 
England in solfaing instead of U¢.. said by Fétis to have 
been the invention of G. B. Doni..who died 1669. 

Do., abbreviation of Dirro. 

1730-6 Battery (folio), Do, is frequently us'd by merchants 
and tradesmen for Ditto. 

Do, doa, obs. forms of Dor. 

||Doab, duab (ddwib, diz-Ab). [Pers. and Urdii 
wlye doab, lit. ‘two waters’; used in India of the 
tongue of land between the Ganges and Jumna, and 
of similar tracts in the Punjab, etc.] The ‘tongue’ 
or tract of land between two confluent rivers. 

1803 WELLINGTON Disf. (1844) I. 605 (Stanf.) That you 
should transport your company .. into the dooab between 
(that river] and the Godavery. 1824 Heser Jrn/. (1828) 
II. 4 An eligible method of travelling in the Dooab. 
1835 Burnes Trav. Bokhara (ed, 2) 11. 79 Cotton .. is 
chiefly produced in the ‘doab’, between the Sutlege and 
Beas Rivers. 1854 R.G. Latnuam Native Races Russian 
Emp. 177 The Doab, Entre Rios, or Mesopotamia, bounded 
by the rivers Obi and Irtish, 1859 K. F. Burton Centr. 
Afr, in Fral. me. Soc. XXX. 72 Khutu proper .. begins 
with a Doab. Note. This useful word, which means the 
land about the bifurcation of two streams, has no English 

uivalent..{and] might be naturalized with advantage. 
“Doable (dz ab'l), a. [f. Do v. + -ABLE.] 

1. That can be done; practicable. 

©1449 Pecock Refr. 1. vii. 37 A lawe.. which is doable 
and not oonli knoweable. 1611 Cotcr., Faisable..doeable, 
effectable. 1843 CartyLe Past § Pr. Proem iii. 23 A right 
noble instinct of what is doable and what is not doable 
never forsakes them. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sq. 112. 

2. Capable of being ‘done’ or victimized: see Doz. 
11 f. ; 

1852 R. S. Surtees Sfonge’s Sp. Tour x, Every man has 
his weak or ‘do-able’ point. 4 petire 3 

h, doach (ddx). Sv. 


[Derivation un- 
A salmon-weir. 


known. 


567 


1794 Statist. Acc. Scot. XI. 10 The number of salmon.. 
caught in the doaghs or cruives..is almost incredible. 1895 
Crockett Men of Messhags 203, I came down the west side 
of the water of Ken, by the doachs. 4 " 

+Doairre. Ols. [a. OF. doaire (11th c. in 
Littré), dowatre dower.] District allotted, province 
assigned, after the fashion of a dower. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 127 Tho Signes..most..worth In 
governance of that doaire, Libra thei ben and Sagittaire. 

Doak, Doal e, obs. forms of DokE, Dor. 

Do-all (dil). [f. Do v. + Att.] One who 
manages the whole business; a factotum. 

1633 D. Rocers 7veat. Sacraments u. 7 It is conscience 
which is the do-all in the soule. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist, 
u. v. § 20 Dunstan was the Doe-all at Court, being 
the Kings Treasurer, Chancellour, Counsellour, Confessour, 
all things. r7or J. Eton Let, in Pepys’ Diary (1879) 
VI. 233 The Cardinal is the do-all. 

Doand, obs. f. dong, pr. pple. of Do v. 

Doar, obs. form of Dor, Dorr. 

Doat, -er, -ing, ctc.: see Dore, etc. 

Dob (deb), v. [variant of Das.] =Daz v.! 3. 

x8zx J. W. Masters Dick § Sad Ixxxii. in Kent, Dial, 
So den I dobb’d him down the stuff. 1881 Cheg. Career 
251 She deliberately lifted up her off hind-leg, and ‘ dobbed’ 
it down into the milk-pail. 

Dob, obs. form of Dus v. 

Dobash, variant of DuBasn. 

Dobber (dy:ba1). U.S. Jocal. 
float, cork,] The float of an angler’s fishing-line. 

1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. 1. v. (1849) 113 He floated on 
the waves. .like an angler’s dobber. 

Dobbin (dg‘bin). [the proper name Doddin 
(dim. of Dod, altered forms of olin, Rod, dim. of 
Robert) asa pet name, Sense 2 may be a distinct 
word ; there are other dialectal uses. ] 

1. An ordinary draught or farm horse ; sometimes 
contemptuously, an old horse, a jade. 

1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 11, ii. 100 Thou hast got more haire 
on thy chin, then Dobbin my philhorse has on his taile. 
1862 Sata Accepted Addr. 229 ‘Vhe dappled dobbins wink 
lazily. 1871 Miss Mutockx Fair France 5 Bits of shiny 
brass .. jangling about their fore legs, in a fashion which 
British Dobbin would never submit to. 

b. attrtb., as dobbin-cart, an Irish four-wheeled 
carriage used for travelling, and generally drawn 
by two horses; dobbin-wheels, the large hind 
wheels of a timber cart (Cheshire Gloss. 1884). 

2. A small drinking-vessel. 

1992 Gentl. Mag. LXII.1. 179 A... quantity of plate .. 10 
silver ig TE cans, 14 silver dobbins. 1821 J. MarspEN 
Sketches Early Life (ed. 3) 92 A little bread and cheese and 
a dobbin, or about a gill of Welsh ale. 

Dobby, dobbie (dpbi). [perh. a playful ap- 
plication of the proper name Loddze, dim. of Dod, 
altered forms of Aobdie, Rob; cf. DoBBIN.] 

1. A silly old man, a dotard, a booby. dza/. 

1691 Nicuotson Gloss. North. in Ray N.C. Words 140 A 
Dobby, Studtus, Katuus ..senex decrepitus & delirans. 
1787 in Grose Province. Gloss. 

2. A household sprite or apparition supposed to 
haunt certain premises or localities; a brownie. 
dial, (In Sussex called Master Dodds.) 

8x J. B. S. Morritt Let. to Scott 28 Dec. in Lockhart, 
She. . became a ghost. .under the very poetic zom de guerre 
of Mortham Dobby. 1822 W. Irvinc Braced. Hall xvi. 
136 An ancient grange ..supposed..to be haunted by a 
dobbie. 182; 
within the inhabited domains of the Hall. 

3. Weaving. Anattachment to a loom for weaving 
small figures (i.e. from twelve to thirty-six threads) 
similar in principle to the Jacquard attachment. 
Hence dobby-loom, -machine. 

1878 A. Bartow Weaving xxvi. 279 A small Jacquard 
machine, or dobby, was introduced in the silk trade in 
1830 by Mr. S. Dean, 1882, Standard 7 Sept. 2/3 The 
‘dobbies’—a modification of the Jacquard—were also shown. 

Dobchick(in, obs. forms of DaBcuick. 

Dobee, -ie, var. ff. DHoBt, Indian washerman. 

1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master viii. 230 Dobies, and burrawa's, 
and coolies. @1847 Mrs. SHerwoop Lady of Manor Il. 
xiii. 127 Linen as white and delicate as an Indian dobee 


could make it. 

| Do*bla. Os. exc. Hist. [Sp.: cf. doble dou- 
ble.] An obsolete Spanish gold coin. 

[1599 Mixsuev, Dodla, a peece of money called a double 
containing 23 rials and a halfe, of English money ten shil- 
lings ten pence halfepenie.] 1829 W. Irvinc Granada i. 
(1850) 22 (tant) An annual tribute of twelve thousand 
doblas or pistoles of gold. 1838 Prescotr Ferd. § Js. 
II. 11. v. 343 A substantial donative of gold doblas. 

Doble, Dobler, Doblet(te, obs. ff. DouBLE, etc. 

Dobson (dp‘bsan). U.S. An angler’s name for 
the larva of Corydalus cornutus,a North American 
neuropterous insect allied to the May-fly, also of 
other species of the family Szavide. 

1889 in Century Dict. 

Dobule (dgbivl). Zchthyol. [ad. mod.L. Do- 
éula(Gesner).] A North American species of dace 
(Leuctscus dobula). 

{1753 Cuambers Cycl. Supp., Dobula.] 1864 in Wepster. 

Doce, var. of Doss. Obs. 

+Doceamu'r, Ods. [F. douce amour, sweet 
love.] Sweetheart. 

€1320 Sir Beues 161 He hire clepede doceamur, 


[a. Du. dobder | 


Scott Peveril x, The Dobby’s Walk was | 


DOCIBLENESS. 


Doced (in Phillips), var. of Doucet, Ods. 

Docent (déusént), a. and sé. [ad. L. docént-em, 
pr. pple. of docére to teach.] 

A. adj. That teaches or instructs ; teaching. 

1639 Laup Agst. Fisher § 33 (L.) The church here is taken 
..as it is docent and regent. 1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. 
Educ. ix. (ed. 2) 231 Special reasons may be found against 
the docent authority and right of any Established Church. 

B. sd. In some American universities and col- 
leges, a recognized teacher or lecturer not on the 
salaried staff ; usually a post-graduate student who 
is allowed to lecture in some special branch. [Cf. 
Ger, privat-docent, private teacher, recognized by 
a university.] 

1880 Nation (N. Y.) XXX. 347 The young docents, whose 
specialty is Semitic philology. 1890 Bos/on (Mass.) Frn/. 
13 Sept. 4/1 Docent in Psychology at Clark University, 
cester, 1 Register Chicago Univ., Docent in Spanish, 
Docent in Chemistry, Docent in Biblical Literature, [etc.}. 

Docer(e, obs. form of Dossrr. 

| Docetze (dosit7), sb. pl. Lecl. Hist. [med. 
L., a. Gr. Aoxnrat, f. 5oxé-exv to seem, appear. ] 
An early sect of heretics, who held that Christ's 
body was not human, but either a phantom, or of 
real but celestial substance. 

1818-21 J. Pye Situ Script. Test. Messiah (1829) IIT. 
1v. 134 The doctrines of the Doceta. 1831-3 EF. Burton 
Lect. Eccl. Hist. xii, The earliest Gnostics. .called Doceta, 
believed the body of Jesus to have been .. either a mere 
optical illusion, or..something ethereal and impalpable. 

Docetic (dose'tik, -7tik),@. See also DoKerIc. 
[f. prec. + -1¢.] Of or pertaining to the Docete. 

1846 ‘TRENCH J/srac. xvii. (1862) 289 It is a docetic view 
of the person of Christ, which conceives of his body as 
permanently exempt from the law of gravity. 1855 Mitman 
Lat. Chr. w. vii. note, An argument for Christ’s real 
humanity against the Docetic sects. 

Hence Doce‘tically adv..according to the Docetw. 

1887 E. Jounson Antigua Mater 178 Christ actually and 
not merely docetically risen in the flesh. MircHece 
tr. Harnack's Hist. Dogma v. 270 note, He taught do- 
cetically about Christ. 

Docetism (dositiz’m). [f. as prec. + -IsM.] 
The doctrine or views of the Docetw. 

1855 Mirman Lat. Cho. 1v. vii, A kind of Docetism— 
asserting the unreality of the body of the Saviour. 1879 
Farrar St. Panud If. 517 note, ‘There may be a silent con- 
demnation of incipient Docetism in av@pw7os (1 ‘Lim. ii. 5). 

So Docetist (dosi‘tist), a follower of docetic 
teaching. Docetistic (dgszti'stik), @. =Doceric. 
Docetize (dos7*taiz), v. ¢rans., to represent doceti- 
cally, regard as phantasmal. 

1880 Encycl. Brit, XI. 736 These Docetists..had a whole 
series of successors in the early church. 1886 Q. Aev. Oct. 
129 Basilides docetized the humanity. 

Dochmiac (dp‘kmi&k), a and sb. Gr. Pros. 
[ad. Gr. 50x puands, f. 5dxyu0s pertaining to a doyu7 


or hand’s-breath.] 


A. adj. Of the nature of a dochmius ; composed 
of dochmi?, i.e. of pentasyllabic feet of which the 
typical form is p--uU-. B. 5d. A foot or verse 
of this description. Hence Dochmicacal a., con- 
nected with (in quot., learned in) dochmiac verse. 

1775 Asu, Dochmaic a. and sb. 1821 Blackw. Mag. VU. 
683 ‘The most dochmiacal Seidlerus’, That most facete 
scholar being particularly sublime upon the dochmius. 1844 

Beck & Feiton tr. AJunk's Metres 255 The dochmiac 
systems are very frequent in the Greek dramatists. 1867 
R. C. Jess Sophocles’ Electra (1870) 22/1 ‘The normal 
dechmiac. /é7d. 25/1 A dochmiac verse. 

Docht, obs. pa. t. of Dow v. 

Dochter, obs. form of DaucHTER. 

Dochtie, -ilie, obs. ff. Doucury, -ILy. 

Docibi'lity. ? Ods. [f. next +-1ry; cf. late L. 
docibilitas (Isidore), f. doczbil’s DociBLE.] Capacity 
or aptness for being taught ; teachableness. 

Coleridge differentiates docibility ‘aptness to be taught’ 
from docility ‘ willingness to be taught’. 

1607 TorseLt Four-f, Beasts (1658) 162 This beast is .. of 
.- wonderful meekness and docibility. @ a Boyte Wks. 
VI. 446(R.) To persons of docibility, the real character may 
be easily taught in a few days. 1825 CoLeripGE Aids 
Reff. (1848) I. 148 Humility is the safest ground of docility, 
and docility the surest promise of docibility. ae 

Docible (dp‘sib’l), a. ¢ Obs. [ad. L. doctbil-is 
teachable, f. docére to teach; see -BLE.] 

1. Apt to be taught; teachable, docile; sub- 
missive to teaching or training, tractable. 

1549 Latimer 22d Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arbd.) 70 Lorde, 
sayed he, Da mthi cor docile. He asked a docible herte. 
1601 Hottanp P/iny I. 293 Linnets..be very,docible. 1644 
Mitton Educ. Wks. (1847) 99/2 Their tenderest and most 
docible age. 1783 Hates Antig. Chr. Ch. iv. 147 A young 
and docible philosopher. 

+b. Const. of, Zo, 72. Obs. 

1617 Br. Hatt Quo Vadis iii, This age. .is therfore more 
docible of euill. 1632 J. Haywarn tr. Biondi’s Eromena 188 
‘The Prince, docible in such like disciplines. 1768-74 TuckER 
Lt, Nat. (1852) II, 532 Persons. .most docible to instruction. 

2. Capable of being sopertes by teaching. 

1659 StanLey /Yist, Philos, 111. 11. 82 Corporealls are not 
docible nor admit certain knowledge. a1670 Hacker Ad. 
Williams 1. (1692) 28 Learning anything that is docible. 

Do'cibleness. ? 0és. [f. prec. +-NEss.] The 
quality of being docible or teachable; docibility. 

1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (1654) 111. 122, I have at least 
dociblenesse enough to learne of them that which I know not. 


DOCILE. 


H. More Antid. Ath. u. viii. (1662) 64 The horse’s 
.. Speed. .his docibleness and desire of glory and praise. 

Docile (déusail, dgsil), a. [a. F. doctle (16th 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. doctlis easily taught, f. 
docére to teach.] 

1. Apt to be taught ; ready and willing to receive 
instruction ; teachable. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 71 b/2 Gyue to me thy seruaunt a 
herte docyle. 1 as. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 54 The cause 
why (docile Reader) I haue not dedicat this spout treatise, 
[etc ]. 1616 B. Jonson tr. Horace Art Poetrie Wks. (Rtldg.) 

35/2 The docile mind may soone thy precepts know. 1629 

ONNE Seri. Matt, vi. 21 A parrot, or a stare, docile birds, 
and of pregnant imitation, 1751 Jounson Ramdbler No. 147 
P 3 Flattering comparisons of my own proficiency with that 
of others .. less docile by nature. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's 
Hist, Ref. 11. 495 His docile and intelligent pupil. 

b. Submissive to training; tractable, manage- 
able. 

1774 Gotnsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 21 The bison breed 
is also more expert and docile than ours. 1835 Ure Philos. 
Manuf. 150 This .. work..is now discharged by young 
children. .substituting cheap and docile labour for what is 
dear, and sometimes refractory. 1891 E. Peacock NV. Bren- 
don II. 78 The docile wife would obey without a murmur. 

e. Const. fo, or inf. rare. 

1647 R. Starytton Yuvenal xiv. 255 To fall Into foule 
vices we are docill all. 1718 Prior Solomon 111. 478 Soon 
docile to the secret acts of ill With smiles I would betray. 
1862 CaryLe /redk. Gt. (1865) ILI. 1x. i. 69, 1 am docile 
to follow your advice. 

2. transf. of things: Yielding readily to treat- 
ment; easily managed or dealt with; tractable. 

1795 tr. Rapin's Gardens 278 Docil Cypresses, dispos'd 
with ease, Take whatever handsome form you please. 1881 
P. Brooxs Candle of Lord 1 The docile wax acknowledges 
that the subtle flame is its master. 1884 L. Hamitton 
Mexican Handbk. 95 The ores are docile and contain ruby- 
silver and sub-sulphides. 

Hence Docilely adv. 

1868 Lockyer Guillemin’s Heavens (ed. 3) 40 The Sun.. 
now tells his own story .. so docilely. 1876 T. Harpy 
Ethelberta (1890) 42 ‘Thank you’, said Picotee, docilely. 

Docility (dosiliti). [ad. F. doci/ité (15th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. doci/itat-em, f.doctl’s DOciLE.} 
Docile quality. a. Aptness to be taught ; readiness 
to receive instruction ; teachableness. 


1560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 41 Tryall being | 


taken whether the spirit of docility be in them [children 
of the poore] found, or not. a 1619 Fotnersy Afheom. 1. 


| hension; ‘ 


xiv. § 5 (1622) 360 Nature may giue the gift of docility to | 
vs: but God giueth the gift of docility to it. 1748 HartLey | 


Observ. Man x. iv. 379. 1780 Jounson Rambler No. 70 1 
He that has neither acuteness nor docility..is a wretch 
without use or value. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. ii. 173 
‘Tact and docility made no part of the character of Claren- 
don. To him England was still the England of his youth. 

b. Amenability to training or treatment; sub- 
missiveness to management; tractability, obedience. 

1603 Hottanp P/utarch’s Mor, 787 (R.) ‘That which the 
elephant learneth .. whose docility is exhibited unto us in 
the theaters. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. Il. 525 The docility 
of these birds in employing their..powers, at the command 
of the fishermen, 1814 Sourney Roderick xxv, Roderick's 
own battle-horse..from his master’s hand had wont to feed, 
And with a glad cag? obey His voice familiar. 1885 
R. Bucwanan Annan Water xxx, Marjorie bore her lot 
with exemplary docility and characteristic gentleness. 

+ Dorcilize, v. Ods.—°  [f. DoctLe + -1ZE.] 
trans. ‘To make docible, teachable, tractable’ 
(Blount Glossogr. 1656). 

Docimastic (dpsimzstik), a. [ad. Gr. dom- 
paorixés pertaining to examination or scrutiny f. 
Soxipatew to essay, examine, scrutinize: cf. mod. 
L. doctmasticus (in ars docimastica), F. docimas- 
tique.| Of or pertaining to docimasy ; proving by 
experimental tests; sfec. of or pertaining to the 
assay of metals. 

1758 A. Reip tr. Macguer’s Chem. 1. 177 The Docimastic 
art .. in making small Assays of ores. 1776 Aid. Trans. 
LXVI. 266 Platina mixed with lead was put .. in a doci- 
mastic furnace. 1802 Cuenevix 7é/a@. XCIIL. 327 A revolu- 
tion in docimastic chemistry. 1878 tr. Lacroix’s Sc. & Lit. 
Mid. Ages 127 The chemical part. .the docimastic part. 

Docimasstical, a. rare—°. [f. as prec. +-AL.] 
= prec. 

1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Docimastical experi- 
ments, see ply p r 
y (dg'simasi). [mod. ad. Gr. doxipacia 
examination, scrutiny, n. of action f. 5ompdfev to 
examine: cf. mod.L, docimasia, ¥. docimasie.} 

lL. Gr. Antig. A judicial inquiry (esp. at Athens) 
into the character and antecedents of aspirants for 
public office or citizenship. 

2. The art or practice of assaying metallic ores, 
i.e. of separating the metallic substance from foreign 
admixture, and determining the nature and quantity 
of constituent metal. “ 

(1801 Cuenevix in PAI. Trans. XCI. 197 note, Carbone 
can be of no consequence ..in humid y etic 1802 
Paris as it was I. \xix. 381 To naturalize in France 
mineralogy, docimacy, and metallurgy. 1878 tr. Lacroix's 
Se. & Lit. Mid. Ages 178 The applications of chemistry to 


-. docimacy. 

3. The art of ascertaining the properties and 
purity of drugs; also of determining by physiolo- 
gical tests whether a child has been born alive 
or not. 1847 in Craic. 


568 
Docimology (desimelidgi). [f. Gr. depos 


examined, tested + -LoGY.] treatise on the art 
of assaying metallic substances, or on certain ques- 
tions in obstetrics ; see prec. 

1847 in Craic. ; 

Docious (ddu-fas), a. U.S. local. [Related to 
next.] Docile, amenable to order. 

a1860 N.Y. Spirit of Times, Western Life (Bartlett), 
I was so mad .. I can hardly keep my tongue docious now 
to talk about it. 

Docity (dg'siti). dia/. Also 7 dossety, 9 dos- 
sity. [Origin doubtful: supposed to be an altera- 
tion of docélity.] Docility; quickness of compre- 
mption’. 

1682 Mrs. Benn False Count 1 i, With good instructions 
I shall improve; I thank Heaven, I have Dossety, or so. 
1687 — Lucky Chance u. i, Were you a rascal of Docity 
you wou'd invent a way. 1746[see Dacity]. 1786 WesLeY 
Wks. (1872) XII. 155, 1 cannot help it, if people have no 
docity. 1787 Grose Provinc. Gloss., Docity, docility, 
quick comprehension. G/ouc. 1825 Mrs. E. Hew err 
Cottage Comforts vi. 40 Vf she has but. .docity or gamption, 
that is, if she has got the use of her wits and the use of her 
hands. 1838 Hatisurton Clockw. 1. 243 She's all docity 
jist now, keep herso. 1886S. W’. Linc. Gloss, s.v., She seems 
to have no mind, no dossity whatever. 

Dock (dpk), sb.1 Forms: 1 docce, 4-5 dokke, 
dok, 4- dock. [OE. docce, pl. and inflected sing. 
doccan ; app. Common WGer. or OTeut.: cf. MDu. 
docke, in comb. docke-blaederen ‘petasites’, Ger. 
docken-blitter the common dock, ODa. ddokke = 
OE. éadocce water-dock; also OF. dogue, doke, 
docgue, mod.Norm. dogue, the Patience dock or 
Monk’s rhubarb. So Gael. dogha burdock.] 

1. The common name of various species of the 
genus Rumex (N.O. Polygonacew), coarse weedy 
herbs with thickened rootstock, sheathing stipules, 
and panicled racemes of inconspicuous greenish 
flowers. a. Without qualifying word usually the 
common dock (2. obtustfolius), well known as the 
popular antidote for nettle-stings. 

c1000 Sax. Leechd. 11. 218 Sume betan oppe doccan on 
zeswettum wine seopad. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 
XVII. xciii. (1495) 661 Al manere Dockys heele smytynge of 
Scorpions. 14.. Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 602/1 
Perdilla,a dokke. 1562 Turner Herbal .121a, We have the 
great kinde of Dock, which the vnlearned toke for Rebarbe. 
1599 Suaks. //en. V, vy. ii. 52 Hatefull Docks, rough 
‘Thistles, Keksyes, Burres. 1611 Sprep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. 
xvii. (1632) 876 Yet found no docke to rub out the smart. 
1728 Swirt Pastoral Dial. Wks. 1755 111.11. 203 Cut down 
the dock, ‘twill sprout again. 1879 Hessa Stretton 
Through Needle’s Eye 1. 60 The grounds and gardens.. 
were overgrown with nettles and docks. 

b. With descriptive epithet: Fiddle Dock, 
from the shape of the leaves, 2. pulcher; 
Golden Dock, &. maritimus; Patience or 
Passions Dock, A’. Patientia; also locally ap- 
plied to Polygonum Bistorta; Red Dock, X. 
sanguineus; Sharp or Sour Dock, X#. acetosa, 
sorrel; Swamp Dock, A. verticillatus; Water 
Dock, Rk. Hydrolapathum; White Dock, 2. 
salicifolius; Yellow Dock, R. crispus. Many 
species were already distinguished in OE. 

c1000 Sax. Leechd. 1. 132 Herb. xxxiv, Wudu docce 
(MS. Harl. 5294 Sur docce).. Pas “ial man lapatium & 
odrum naman wudu docce nemned. /é/d. IT. 122 Pa fealwan 
docean nzrpa readan, did. IIL. 304 Durh. Gloss., Ovila- 
pathum, scearpe docce. c1400 Test, Love ut. ix. (1532) 360 
The frute of the soure docke. 1483 Cath. Angi. 103/1 A redi 
Dok, lappacium. 1548 Turner Names of Herbes 69 In 
english Waterdocke or sharpdocke. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. 
ix. 558 The sharpepoynted Docke or Patience, groweth in 
wette moyst medowes. 1597 Gerarve /erdad 1. Lxxxi. 
387 Soure Docke called Sorrel. 1601 Hottann Pliny xix. 
vi. (R.), The root of the hearb patience or garden docke. .is 
knowne to run downe in the ground three cubits deepe. 

2. Also in the popular names of other coarse 
plants of similar habit, as Dove Dock, coltsfoot 
(Tusstlago Farfara); Round Dock, common 
mallow (Malva sylvestris) ; Spatter Dock, yellow 
eat (Nuphar advena); Velvet Dock, mul- 

ein (Verbascum Thapsus). Also Burnocx, Can- 
pnock, ELF-pock, etc. 

c1000 AELrric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 136 Nimphea, 
eadocca. 1712 tr, Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 27 great, 
common round Dock, which many People cultivate. 

3. phr. Zn dock, out nettle: orig. a charm uttered 
to aid the cure of nettle-stings by dock-leaves ; 


+ hence, in allusion to the full phrase used, a pro-° 


verbial expression for changeableness and incon- 
stancy (ods.). 

The charm to be repeated during the rubbing process is 
‘Nettle in, dock out, Dock in, nettle out, Nettle in, dock 
out, Dock rub nettle out’ (4. & Q. Ser. 1. ILL. 133). 

€1374 Cuaucer 7roylus wv. 433 (462) But kanstow pleyen 
raket to and fro, Netle In, dokke out, now this now bat, 
Pandare? ar Upat Royster D. 1. iii. (Arb.) 34, Tecan 
not skill of such chaungeable mettle, There is nothing with 


them but in docke ‘out nettle, 1623 Mippteron A/ore 
Dissemblers w. i. 233 1s this my in dock, out nettle? a 1626 
Br. ANprewes Ser. 391 (N.) Off and on, fast or loose, in 
docke, out nettle, and in nettle, out docke. 2715 tr. C’fess 
D' Aunoy's Wks. 430 They had been in out Nettle 
above forty and forty Times. 


4. atirib. and Comd., as dock-leaf, -root; also 


DOCK. 


dock-bur, the flower-head of the burdock ; dock- 
cress, nipplewort (Lapsana communis); dock- 
fork, -iron, a tool for digging out the roots of 
docks; dock-nettle, the lesser stinging nettle 
(Urtica urens); dock-sorrel, the sour dock, 
(Rumex acetosa); Adock-worm, a grub found on 
docks, used as a bait by anglers. 
Suerwoop, The *dock-burre or burre-docke, Bardage. 

1 Suetvocxe Voy. round World 55 The se 
nearly resembles a k-burr. 1597 GERARDE Herbal n. 
xvi. Pied 255 *Docke Creeses is a wilde wort or pot herbe. 
1850 Beck's Florist Feb. 39 Eradicating this weed with a 
— pro aS be ee 1846 J. Lope de oe 

vract. Agric. a root must complete! 
taken p= the coon. 1613-16 W. Browne Bei 
Past. u1, ii, (R.), He suckt it with his mouth..and softly 

n it binde With *dock-leaves. c 1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.- 

iilcker 557/39 Dormentille, 7. ortie griesche, 7. *docnettle. 
1886 Mary {omen Haven under Hill in Good Words 
301 The *dock-sorrel stood with its maroon spires in the air. 
1653 Watton Angler iv. 95 The Flagworm, the *Dock- 
worm, the Oakworm, : 

Dock (dek), s4.2, Forms: 4 dok, 6-7 docke, 
6- dock. [Identical with mod.Icel. dockr short 
stumpy tail (Haldorssen). Ulterior etymology 
obscure. Cf. Fris. dok bundle, bunch, ball (of 
twine, straw, etc.), LG. dokke bundle (of straw, 
thread), skein of yarn, mod.G. docke bundle, skein, 
plug, peg.) rapes 

1. The solid fleshy part of an animal's tail. 

cr Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 19 tayl.. bounden bothe 
wyth a bande of a bry3t grene, Dubbed wyth ful dere stonez, 
as pe dok lasted. 1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 352 Asses haue 
the said docke or rumpe longer than horses. 1646 Six T. 
Brownr Psend. Ep. i. xvii. 150 We conjecture t of 
Horses from joynts in their dockes, 1856 Farmer's Mag. 
Jan. 59 Hips wide, and rumps and docks good. 

2. a. A piece of leather harness covering the 
clipped tail of a horse. b. The crupper of a saddle 
or harness ; see also quot. 1874. 

¢ 1340 [see prec.]. 1617 Marknam Cavad. y. 31 You shall 
buckle on his breastplate and his crooper..then you shall 
lace on his saker or docke. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., 
Dock, in the manege, is used for a large case of leather.. 
which serves it [the tail] for a cover. ‘The French call the 
Dock, troussegueue. 7. Grose Provinc. Gloss., Dock, a 
crup to a saddle. Devon. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., 
Dock .. the divided piece forming part of the crupper, 
through which the horse’s tail is inserted. 1888 1”. Somerset 
Word-bk., Dock, the crupper of either saddle or harness. 

+ 3. ¢ransf. of human beings: The rump, but- 
tocks. Obs. Bs 

1508 Kennepy Fly/ing w. Dunbar 484 A rottyn crok, 
louse of the dok. 1684 Frost of 1683-4, 22 One’ fly 
up, and down he’s on his dock. : 

+b. The skirts or ‘tails’ of clothes. Ods. 

1522 World & Child in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 247, 1 will not 
go to school. . For there beginneth a sorry feast, When the 
master should lift my dock. 1557 TusseR 100 Points Husb. 
xxvii, The drier, the les maidens dablith their dockes. 

+4. The fleshy part of a boar's chine between the 
middle and the buttock. Ods. 

oe in Puitiirs. Thence in later Dicts. 

+5. The poop or stern of a ship. Ods. rare. 

¢1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 108 She 
bare many canons..two behind in her dock, 1570 Levins 
Manip. 158/13 Dock of a ship, puppis. 

6. A cut end of anything, e.g. of hair, (?)of a 
tree-trunk (Tusser) ; a stump; an end cut off. Now 
dial. 


1573 Twyne A2neid x. Dd iijb, His heare down shadow- 


ing shed, but gold embroyding bynds their docks. 1573 
Tusser Husd, xvii. (1878) 37 For in winter, to 
burne vp their docks. 1 ounson, Dock, the stump of 
the tail, which remains after docking. 1892 Barinc-Goutp 
Strange Survivals vy. 112(To] nt. .the red-hot dock [of 
a wick] from spluttering on to the carpet. 


+7. [f. Dock v.1] The act of cutting off ; ampu- 

tation. | Obs. aaeudia wis bi hte 

i 3 tat! 
dock’of one member forces the bloud. xyap-sx CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Dock, Docking, in law, & means or expedient for 
cutting off an estate tail. 

Dock (dk), 53.3 Forms: 6 dok, 6-7 docke, 
6- dock. [Found early in 16th c., also in 16th e 
Du. docke, mod.Du. dok. From Du. and Eng. it 
has passed into other lange Da. docke, Sw. docka, 
mod.Ger. dock, docke, mod.F. dock, in 1679 dogue. 
Ulterior origin uncertain. 

It has been variously compared with rare Icel. dokk, dokd 
pit, pool, Norw. woke hollow, low ground, med. L. — 
ditch, canal (Du Cange), Gr. 80x% receptacle. See Skeat, 
Miiller ; also Grimm, and Diez s. v. ] ' he 

+1. The bed (in the sand or ooze) in which a ship 
lies dry at low water ; the hollow made by a vessel 
lying in the wat Obs. om Pi are 
nseSite dake xgby Sranvutunsr nets . (Arb) 35 Graunt 
foorth thy warrant in docks oure nauye too settle [L. diceat 
saiacere ee Tec caus ye oar 

ay € w 
into che one out of the tides way, Shae ual may docke her 
selfe. 1633 T. James Vay. 80 Shee ata 
fleet in her docke, though she were still 
almost foure foot. y 

+2. (Apparently) A creek or 
ships may lie on the ooze or ride at 
according to the tide, Ods, 


DOCK. - 


1538 Letanp /tix. 1.53 Robyn Huddes Bay, a Dok or | 


Bosom of a Mile yn lenghth. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch 
(1656) 536 When he had taken them [the pyrates ships] he 
brought them allintoa Dock, . 

+ 3. A trench, canal, or artificial inlet, to admit 
a boat, etc. Ods. 

(Sense in first quot. doubtful.) 

1634-5 Brereton 7yav.(Chetham) 45 A chest bored full 
of holes.. placed in a dock prepared for it... Herein were fish 
kept. 1648 Gace IWVest /nd. 40 The Dock or Trench being 
thus finished, the Vergantines were calked. 1719 De For 
Crusoe 1. ix, 1 .. resolv'd to cut a Dock, or Canal, to bring 
the Water up to the Canoe. 

4. An artificial basin excavated, built round with 
masonry, and fitted with flood-gates, into which 
ships are received for purposes of loading and un- 
loading or for repair. 

Dry or graving dock, a narrow basin into which a single 
vessel is received, and from which the water is then posees 
or let out, leaving the vessel dry for the purpose of repair. 
(Sometimes also used for building ships.) Wet dock, a large 
water-tight enclosure in which the water is maintained at 
the level of high tide, so that vessels remain constantly 
afloat in it. Floating dock, a large floating structure that 
can be used like a dry dock. 

1552 Hutoert, Docke where shippes be layed vp and made, 
nauale. 1569 Stocker tr. Diod. Sic, 11. xxiv. 76 Antigone 
.. likewise caused iii mightie Docks to be cut out to build 
the sayd shippes in. 1591 PercivaLi Sf. Dict., Astillero, 
adocke to build ships in, xavale, 1627 Cart.SmitH Seaman's 
Gram. i. 1 A Docke isa great pit or creeke by a harbour side 
.. with two great floud-gates built so stronge and close, that 
the Docke may be dry till the ship be built or repaired. .and 
this is called a dry Docke. 1661-2 Pepys Diary 25 Jan., 
Sir N. Crisp’s project of making. .about Deptford. .a wett- 
dock to hold 200 sail of ships. 1758 Descr. Thames 268 
Docks are small Harbours cut into the Land. 1849 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 344 Her endless docks, quays, 
and warehouses are among the wonders of the world. 1868 
Daily News 2 Sept., Mr. Campbell’s. .plan of an iron float- 


i ry dock. 5 

he. 1642 Mitton Aol. Smect. viii. (1851) 297 He must cut 
out large docks and creeks into his text to unlade the foolish 
frigate of his unseasonable autorities. 

5. (Often £/.) a. A range of dock-basins (sense 4) 
together with the adjoining wharfs, warehouses and 
offices (commercial docks). b. The whole establish- 
ment of similar basins and adjoining work-shops, 
etc., concerned with the building, outfit, and repair 
of ships; a dockyard (aval docks). 

1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3912/2 Timber .. for the use of her 
Majesty’s Dock at Plimouth. 1770 Westey ¥rn/. 12 Oct., 
I walked round the Dock [at Portsmouth], much larger than 
any other in England. 1848 Dickens Dombey ix, Captain 
Cuttle lived .. near the India Docks, 1875 Jowetr Plato 
III. 698 ‘The docks were full of triremes and naval stores. 


6. Railways. An enclosure in a platform into 
which a single line of rails runs and terminates. 

7. attrib. and Comb., as dock-boot, -constable, 
-head, -house, -labourer, -man, -side, -sill, -space, 
-trade, -warehouse, etc. ; also dock-company, the 
company or corporate body owning a dock ; dock- 
charges, dock-dues, charges made for the use of a 
dock ; dock-master, the superintendent or man- 
ager ofadock; dock-port, a port that has a (naval) 
dock ; dock-rent, the charge made for warehous- 
ing goods in a dock; +dock-silver (S¢.), dock- 
dues ; dock-walloper (U..S.), a casual labourer 
engaged at docks and wharfs; dock-warrant, 
a certificate'given to the owner of goods warehoused 
in adock. Also Dockyarn. 

1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal, 10 Sea Boots, *Dock Boots. 


1891 Daily News 28 Dec. 3/6 The deceased. .was seen safely 
aboard the vessel by a *dock constable. 1837 Penny Cycl. 
1880 Times 1 Pee 


Ix. 44/2 Amount of *Dock Dues. s . 
5/6 The Hartlepool. .in entering dock struck the *dockhead. 
1661 Pepys Diary 10 Apr., In the morning, to see the 


*Dock-houses. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 59 *Dock- 
labourers..are simply strong men without any particular 
skill. 1755 B. Martin Mise, Corr. Oct. 171 Orders .. that 
he should ., form the *Dockmen into a Regiment. 1736 in 
Picton L’pool Munic. Rec. (1886) 11. 146 Mr. Steers the 
*Dockmaster. 1758 M7.P.’s Let. on R. N. 42 Wages may be 
paid..at any *Dock-Port. 1887 7imes 25 Aug. 4/5 [they] 
arrived at the *dockside. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 174 
The *dock sill is 3 feet 6 inches above low water-mark. 
1641 Stirling Charters (1884) 151 (Jam. Suppl.) Heavin 
silver et *dock silver. 1860 Barttetr Dict. Amer., *Dock 
walloper, a loafer that hangs about the wharves. New 
York. 1879 Lumberman's Gaz. 15 Oct., Dockwollopers are 
paid Le to 45 cents an hour. 1875 Jevons Money (1878) 
207 The holder of a *dock-warrant has a prima-facie claim 
to the .. hogsheads of sugar, or other packages named 
thereon, 

Dock (dgk), sb.4 [The same word as Fl. dok 
rabbit-hutch, fowl-pen, cage; ‘Docke = heute, renne,’ 
i.e, cage, fowl-pen, fowl-run (Kilian). In Eng. prob. 
at first a word of rogues’ cant. 

Used by Warner and Ben Jonson 1586-1610; but an un- 
known word to Jonson's editors, Whalley 1756, Gifford 1816. 
Absent from the 18th c. dictionaries, and from Todd, 
Webster 1828, Richardson; and after 1610, known to us 
only in Batt-pock, till the roth c., in which it has become 
familiar, largely through the writings of Dickens.] 

The enclosure in a criminal court in which the 
prisoner is placed at his trial: it was formerly 
filled with the prisoners whose trial was put down 
for the day. Cf, BatL-Doox. 

1586 Warner A/b, Eng. ut. xviii, Sterne Minos and grim 
Sacre aT their duskie roomes, The docke was also 

OL, . . 


569 


Cleare of Gosts, adiorn’d to after-doomes. 1610 B, Jonson 
Alch, v. iv, Here will be officers, presently ; bethinke you, 
Of some course sodainely to scape the dock: For thether 
you'll come else. 1824 Ann. Reg, LXVI. 40 The prisoner, 
after receiving the congratulations of several of his friends, 
bowed, and retired from the dock. 1838 Dickens O. 77uis¢ 
xliii, A dirty frowsy room. .with a dock for the prisoners on 
the left hand. 1882 Serjt. BALLANTINE £.xZer, xliii. 396 
(He] had to appear and surrender into the dock. 

attrib, 1838 Dickens O. 772/st xliii, A jailer stood reclin- 
ing against the dock-rail. 

Dock (dgk), v.! | [f. Dock sé.2] 

1. trans. To cut short in some part, esp. in the 
tail, hair, or similar appendage ; to curtail. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prod. 590 His tope was doked lyk a preest 
biforn. 1408 Will of de Brugge (Somerset Ho.), Equum 
meum nigrum dokkede. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Dockyd 
by pe tayle, decaudatus. 1564 Brecon Early Wks, Gen. 
Pref. (1843) 7 Admitting him unto the ministry .. without 
docking, greasing, shaving. 1673E. Brown Acc. Trav. 72 
‘They have very good Horses .. but they never dock them, 
but their tayls grow out at length. 1754 RicHARDSON 
Grandison (1781) I. xxxvi. 256 His horses are not docked : 
their tails are only tied up. 1813 Sforting Mag. XLI. 60 
He related..his docking a defaulter in payment..He.. cut 
off his long hair close to the scalp. 

b. spec. To shorten (the tail of a horse, dog, etc. ) 
by cutting off one or more of the extreme caudal 
vertebrae. Also adsol. 

1419 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1. 78 note, Y wolde breke his 
Sege, and make hem of Roon dokke hys tayle. 1530 PAtscr. 
523/2 Docke your horse tayle, and make hym a courtault. 
1778 JOHNSON 3 Apr. in Boswel/, His tail then must be docked. 
That was the mark of Alcibiades’s dog. 1802 BinGcLry 
Anim, Biog. (1813) I. 494 The barbarous custom of docking 
the tails. .is in this country very prevalent. 1876 Miss Cary 
Country Life 189 I'm a going to. .learn to nick and dock. 

2. transf. and fig. To cut short or abridge by 
taking away a part; to lessen, curtail, subject to 
limitation in some respect; to deprive, divest of 
(‘+ from) some part or appendage. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Se/. Wks, 111, 180 pei docken Goddis word, 
and tateren it bi per rimes. ¢ 1422 Hoccieve FYeres/ans’ 
Wife 541 If thow fynde pat I gabbe, Of my promesse thanne 
dokke me. 1693 W. FrEKE Sed. Ess. xix. 109 Docking it 
[learning] from its superfluous Pedantry. 1771 T. JeFrer- 
son Lett. Writ. 1892 I. 387 Dock the invoice of such articles 
as..I may get inthe country, 1871 Browntnc Pr. Hohenst. 
1374 Dark, vy the million, of its friendly joints, The electoral 
body short. 1889 Sfectatoy 26 Oct., Wages..will be pretty 
sharply docked by rent. 1892 F. Hatt in Nation (N. Y.) 
LV. 335/1 A participial adjective docked of its termination. 

To cut away, cut off; also =Dac v.! 3. 

¢ 1380 WyctiF Wks. (1880) 430 Pei wolden teche sum & sum 
hide & docke sum [of God’s law]. 1855 THackEray New- 
comes II. 45, I see you have shaven the mustachios off .. I 
thought I had best dock them. 1888 Etwortny J’, 
Somerset Word-bk., Dock, to cut off the wool clotted with 
dung from around a sheep's tail. 

4. Law. To dock the entazl: to cut off or put an 
end to the entail; to break the prescribed line of 
succession to an estate ; also fig. 

a@ 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law (1635) 47 These 
notable Statutes..do dock intailes. _1723 STEELE Cowsc. 
Lovers 111, He could not dock the entail. 1854 LoweLL 
Frnl. in Italy Pr. Wks. 1890 1. 124 A poor relation whose 
right in the entail of home traditions has been docked by 
revolution. 

Hence Do'cking v/. sb. ; also attrib. ; 

1727-51 [see Dock sd.? 7]. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece wu. 449 
So many Horses die with Docking. 1865 Youatr Horse 
xxii, (1872) 466 The veterinary surgeon with his docking- 
machine cuts through the tail at one stroke, 

Dock (dgk), v2 [f. Dock 50.3] 

+1. trans. To bring or put (a ship) into station 
or anchorage in a roadstead, etc. Ods. 

1514 Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 29 Now 
are they..sparcled abrode, Lyke wyse as shyppes be docked 
inarode. 1615 Trade's Incr. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 
296 Two more [ships] are docked up there, as pinnaces, to 
trade up and down. 

+2. To bring or put (a vessel) ashore where it 
may rest in the ooze, or in some trench, or creek: 
ef. Dock 54.3 1, Obs. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. i. 27 And see my wealthy 
Andrew dockt [early edd. docks] in sand. 1627, 1633 [see 
Dock sé.3 1], 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 81 To weigh 
Ship .. that hath not lain too long, and docked it self in 
Oaze. 1751 R. Pattock P. Wilkinsxv, When I had docked 
my boat, I would accompany her. [Cf. xii, I sought for a 
convenient place to stow my boat in. . Having pitched upon 
a swampy place..I soon cut a trench from the lake.] 

8. To take, bring, or receive (a ship) into a deck 
(in the modern sense) ; cf. Dock 50.3 4. 

1600 Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 376 Arsenals, or places for 
the building, repairing, docking, and harbouring of. . gallies. 
1662 Pepys Diary 21 July, We..saw the manner and 
trouble of docking such a ship. 1793 Hull Advertiser 
3 Oct. x M4 A grand dock-yard. .sufficient to dock and re-fit 
30 sail of the line. 186r Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 608 A British 
man-of-war was lying there waiting to be docked. 

‘b. zntr. (for refl.) To come into dock. 

1892 Daily News 4 Nov. 3/1 Water..must be pumped out 
before she can dock. | 

4. trans. To furnish or lay out with docks. 

1757 W. Situ Hist. New York 187 The Ships lie off in 
the Roads, on the East Side of the Town, which is docked 
out. 1861 Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 615 The cutting of the .. 
Caledonian Canal, the docking of London and Liverpool. 

Hence Do'cking vd/. sb.; also attrib. 

169x T. H{are] Acc. New Jnvent. 28 Their Ransackings, 


Going. Dockings, and Repairings. 1799 NELSON 12 
Sept. in Nicolas Disf, (1845) 1V. 11 The Seahorse. .requires 


DOCKET. 


docking. 1886 Law Times LUX XX. 284/1 [She] carried the 
usual docking signal of two bright lights aft. 

Dock, z.3 Biscuit-making. (Origin unknown.] 
trans. To pierce (a biscuit) with holes. 

1840 [Remembered as the term in regular use. G. Palmer.] 
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts I. 343 The biscuit was then docked, 
that is, pierced with holes by an instrument adapted to the 
purpose. /é7d, 346 A stamping and docking frame .. The 
stamps or cutters in the frame being internally provided 
with prongs. .dock the cakes, or cut pieces, with a series of 
holes, for the subsequent escape of the moisture, which, but 
for these vents, would distort and spoil the cake or biscuit 
when put in the oven. 

Dock, v.4 nonce-wd. [f. Dock sd.4] trans. To 
place (a prisoner) in the dock. 

1895 Pall Mall G. 2 Dec. 2/3 They [jury] did so on 
Saturday at Riom, when and where a lady was docked for 
disposal. 

Dockage (dgkédz). [f. Dock sd.8 + -acE.] 
a. Charges made for the use of docks. b. Docks 
collectively; dock accommodation. ¢. The berth- 
ing ofgpessels in docks. 

1708 Deed 9 Apr. in New Engld. Hist. Gen. Reg. (1879) 
402 The privilidge of Dockage and Wharffage. 1788 CLark- 
son Jinpol. Slave Tr. 121 These vessels pay their dockage. 
1864 Daily Ted. 3 May, With regard to the dockage of the 
iron fleet. 1893 Critic (U. S.) 25 Mar. 186/1 An interesting 
study [in water-colour] of dockage in New Orleans, 

Do'ckage”. [f. Dock v.1+-ace.] The action 
of docking ; deduction. 

1886 Philad. Times 20 Mar. (Cent.), I do not find. .in the 
time-book a single instance of dockage. 1887 Confenp. Kev. 
May 699 Dishonest dockage for dirt and chaff. 

Docked (dpkt), pA/. a.! [f. Dock v.! + -ED1.] 
Cut short, curtailed; with short or shortened tail. 

1408 [see Dock v.! 1]. ¢1440 Promp. Parv.125/2 Dockyd, 
lessyd or obryggyd, adbreviatus. 1830 CartyLe Richter 
Misc. (1872) III. 26 Besides the docked cue, he had shirts 
ala Hamlet. 1861 Sata Dutch Pict. xii. 187 A grey horse, 
with a docked military tail. 

Docked, ///. 2.2 [f. Dock sd.2 3 + -ED2.] 
Having buttocks ; in s¢rong-docked, ‘ that has strong 
Reins and Sinews, lusty, stout’ (Phillips 1706), 

a 1652 Brome New. Acad. u.i, She’s a tight strong dock’t 
Tit. 1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 12. 3/1 A Strong dock’d 
Bucksome Quean. 

Docken (dg'k’n). Sc. and north. dial. Also 5 
doken, -an, 8 dockan, g docking. [app. repr. 
OE. doccan, early ME. *dokken, pl. and inflected 
form of docce, Dock 56.1] = Dock sd! 1. 

1423 Jas. | Kingis Q. cix, Als like 3e bene, as .. doken to 
the fresche dayesye. 1483 Cath. Angl. 103/1 A Dokan, 
paradilla, 1721 Ketty Scot. Prov. 184 (Jam., ‘I wo'd be 
very loth And scant of cloth, To sole my hose with dockans.’ 
The return of a haughty maid to them that tell her of an un- 
worthy suitor. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1.21 Wad 
ye compare ye’r sell to me, A docken tillatansie? 1863 
Rosson Baris of Tyne 138 Amang these green dockings. 

b. attrib. Of or like a dock-leaf; dock-like. 

1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour xliv. 245 His great 
red docken ears. 

Docker ! (dg'ko1). [f. Dock sb.3+-eR1.] 

1. A dweller in or near a dock ; sfec. an inhabit- 
ant of Devonport, formerly Plymouth Dock. 

1762 JoHNSON in Boswell Life Visit Devonsh., I am against 
the Dockers: I ama Plymouth-man, | 1870 R. N. Wortu 
Hist. Devonport ix. 100 The oldest living Docker. 

2. A labourer in the docks. 

1887 Pall Mall G. 19 Sept. 2/2 A trade union for dockers. 


I Times 11 Dec. 9/3 Gross intimidation during the 
dockers’ strike. 
Docker”. [f. Dock v.! and 3 +-rR1,] 


1. One who docks the tails of horses, etc. 

1810 Sporting Mag. XXXV. 263 Croppers, dockers, 
nickers and trimmers, 1844 J. TI. Hewtetr Parsons § HW’, 
iii, You. .mane-and-tail docker. 3 : 

2. A stamp used for ‘docking’ or perforating the 
dough for biscuits. 

1874 in Knicut Dict. Mech. 

Do'cker®. [f. Dock s4.4+-ER1.] (See quot.) 

1892 Pall Mall G. 28 Jan. 6/1 Dock cases, ‘dockers’, as 
they are called—cases in which you are retained by the 
prisoner in the dock. 

Docket (dg"két), sd.1 Also 5 doket, 5-9 dog- 
get(t, 6-8 docquett, 6-9 docquet. [Found since 
15th c.: derivation and original sense obscure. 

It has been suggested to be a derivative of Dock v.!, the 
suffix being either the dim. -rr (cf. focket), or a var. of the 
-ED of pa. pple. But neither view is free from serious objec- 
tions.] 

+. (?) Obs. 

cx Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 313 May he dug hym 
a doket, A kodpese like a pokett. 

+2. A brief, summarized statement; an abstract 
or abridgement ; a digest, minute. Ods. exc. Hist. 

a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ, Ord. 25 Lett it alwey be 
remembered to make in the kinges doggettes both venit 
and recessit as often as it pleseth the King the prince to 
come or goe. 1526 /d7d, 229 The Clerke of the Green Cloth 
shall. .ingrosse and cast up all the particular Breifments of 
the House..and the same, soe cast up..enter in the Parch- 
ment docquett, called the Maine Docquet. /éid. 234 The 
Clerk of the Spicery. .doe dayly make the Briefments or 
docquets of the expence of his of » 1855 Act 2 & 3 Phil. & 
Mary c. 6 That every person. .auctorised to..purveye any 
Beefes, Wethers, Lambes [etc.]..shall make a Docket or 
Briefe in writing ..conteyning all & every suche Beefe, 
Wethers, Lambes [etc.] 1641 Termes de la 126 Docket 
is a little peece of paper or parchment written, that con- 
teineth in it the effect ofa greater writing. 1643 in er 


DOCKET. 


Hist. Reb. vu. § 347 Several ions of arms mentioned 
in a docquet then sent iesicoed in our said letters. 1858 
Doran Crt. Fools 219 The warrant..may have been pre- 
served, and probably also a docket or short minute of it. 

3. spec. The abstract of the contents of a pro- 

Letter-patent, written upon the King’s bill 
which authorized the preparation of such letter for 
the Great Seal, and also copied into a Register or 
Docket-book. , 

I in St. Papers, Domestic (MS.), Docguets 1. [King’s 
Bills endorsed ‘Docquet"]. 1576 /éid., A docquet of the 
contents of her ma*’* lettres patentes graunted the xvth of 
June. 1s 1590 /bid. 1 Perys Diary July, My 

tent .. being done, we carried it..to Mr. Beale for a 

jockett. 1662-3 /did. 28 Feb., I did see the docquet by which 
Sir W. Pen is made the Comptroller's assistant. 1686 
Evetyn Diary 12 Mar., A docquet was to be seal’d import- 
ing a lease of 21 yeares to one Hall. /bid. 5 May, We 
should be requir'’d to passe a doquett dispensing with Dr, 
Obadiah Walker and four more. .to hold their masterships, 
fellowships, and cures. 21837 W. H. Brack Docguets of Lett. 
Pat. Chas. I, 1643-6 (Recd. Commiss., unpubl.) Pref. vii, 
The Docquet books: -present in the form of a Reffister or 
Journal short abstracts of all instruments that were prepared 
for the great seal in the offices to which they respectively 
belong. ‘ 

4. Zaw. A memorandum or register of legal 
judgements. 

1668-9 Pepys Diary 12 Mar. (1879) VI. 20 To the Crowne 
Office, where we .. did take short notes of the dockets. 
1687 Dr. Hepnces in Magd. Coll. & Fas. IT pe Hist. 
Soc.) 204 ‘The Steward ask'd for a docket of y® fines. 1692 
Act 4 Will. & Mary c. 20 § 1 Every Clerk of the Doggets 
of the Court of Kings Bench..shall..put into an Alpha- 
betical Doggett by the Defendants names a particular of 
all Judgments for Debt. 1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Docket 
or Dogget, When rolls of judgments are brought into C. B. 
they are docketted, and entered on the docket of that term ; 
so that upon any occasion you may soon find out a judg- 
ment, by searching these dockets, if you know the attorney's 
name. /did. s.v. Judgment, By rule of Michaelmas, 42 
Geo. 3 (2 East. 136) no Judgment can be signed upon any 
warrant authorising any attorney to confess Judgment, 
without such warrant of attorney being delivered to and 
filed by the Clerk of the Dockets ; who is ordered to file the 
warrants in the order in which they are received. 

5. Law. A list of causes for trial, or of names 
of persons having causes pending. Hence phr. 
On the docket. (U.S.) 

1790 Dattas A mer. Law Rep.1. 382 The plea entered on the 
docquet. 1800 Appison Amer. Law Rep. 14 Only one cause 
appeared on the docquet. 1828 Wesster, Docket,..3. An 
alph@petical list of cases in a court, or a catalogue of the 
names of the parties who have suits depending in a court. 
In some of the States, this is the principal or only use of the 
word, 1864 /did.s.v., On the docket, in hand; under con- 
sideration ; in process of execution or performance. (Colloq.) 

+6. In phr. 70 strike a docket: see quots. Ods. 

1809 R. Lancrorp /utrod. Trade 115 The person has 
subjected himself to being a bankrupt: if so, he is made 
one, which is termed striking a docket. 1823 Crass Jechnol. 
Dict. s.v., ‘To strike a docket’ is said of a creditor who 
gives bond to the Lord Chancellor, proving his debtor to be 
a bankrupt; in consequence of which a commission of 
bankruptcy is taken out against him. 1835 Hoop Dead 
Rotbery i, Of all the causes that induce mankind To strike 
against themselves a mortal docket. 1848 WHARTON Law 
Lex., Docket or Dogged..the entry made by the secretary 
of bankrupts, when a petitioning creditor's affidavit of deht 
is lodged with him for the purpose of issuing a fiat in 
bankruptcy, technically called ‘striking a docket’. 1852 
Tuackeray Esmond ui. iv, Esmond .. having fairly struck 
his docket in this love transaction determined to put a 
cheerful face on his bankruptcy. 

7. An endorsement ona letter or other document, 
briefly indicating its contents or subject; a label 
affixed for a similar purpose ; a written direction, 
a ticket. 

1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Docke?, a little Bill ty’d to 

or Wares, and directed to the Person and Place they 
are to be sent to, 1839 Lapy GranviLte Lett. 11 Feb. (1894) 
II. 282 You may find your delightful tour safe in red tape 
and docket. Hoop Uf Rhine 76 Tourists. . Provided 
with passport, that requisite docket. 1883 I. TayLor 
Alphabet 1. 253 On the outer edge of these tablets a docket 
is occasionally inscribed ..containing a brief reference to the 
contents, evidently for the purpose of enabling the keeper 
of the records to find any particular document. 1886 Cheshire 
Gloss., Docket, hatting term. The wage ticket of workpeople. 

. a A warrant from the Custom House on 
Sora 8 goods, certifying the payment of the 
duty. b. A form of certificate giving particulars 
of the bales, marks, ship’s name, etc., of cotton 
sold for future delivery, the presentation of which 
at the Cotton Clearing-house entitles the presenter 
to obtain a delivery order, 

The dockets show the amount of cotton tendered on each 
Tendering Day at the Clearing House. When the same 
‘form’ is used on a second Tentlering Day, it is called a 
letter-docket. 

1712 Swirt Frni. to Stella 13 Mar., He dreams of nothing 
but cockets, and dockets, and drawbacks and other jargon, 
words of the custom-house. 1887 7imes 27 Aug. 11/6 
{Cotten Market) The tenders were 2,100 bales of which 100 
were] letter dockets. 

9. attrib. and Comb., as docket-book (see sense 3), 
-rolls, -warrant, 

1643 St. Trials, Abp. Laud 3 Mar., For Worcester, there 

. Rusaw. /ist. Coll. 
I, 637 There were then entred in the et Book, several 
Conge Royal assents for Dr. May to be Bi: 
of Bath and Wells [etc.]. 1690 J. Parmer in Andros Traci 
1. 34 As appears eet the Council. 1762- 
7x H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 11. 12, 1 
4 


570 
found the minute of the sone warrant for this a: the 
Conwa: rs. 1888 W. Rye Records & Rec. Search. 48 
note, lendars and indexes of the Docket Rolls of the 
Common Pleas. /éid. Index, Doggett or Docket Books 
(ind to C Law Judg: p 
+ Docket, 53.2 Obs. 1 = Dock sd.2 1. 


c1sgo Greene Yas. JV, Wks. (Rtldg.) 193 Properties of 
a lion, a breast, a stiff docket. 

Docket, v. [f. Docker sd.1 

+1. ¢rans. To furnish or inscribe with a docket. 

1615 Bacon Let. to King 12 Aug. in Rawley Resuscitatio 
( aan} Your Majesty shall shortly receive the Bill, for the 
Incorporation of the New Company : together with a Bill, 
for the Privy Seal, being a ndancy thereof. For this 
Morning I subscribed, and docketted them both. 16az Lp.- 
Keeper Wit.iams in Fortesc. Papers (Camden) 169, I could 
not all yesterday get the Clarke of the Signet to docquet the 
same. 1833 Act 3 & 4 Will. 1V, c. 46 § 69 The Lists of 
Occupiers..or a Copy thereof docqueted signed by the 
Preses of any Meeting of the said Commissioners. 

2. Law. To make an abstract of (judgements, 
etc.) and enter them in a list or index. 

1692 Act 4 Will. & Mary c. 20 §2 No Judgment not 
doggetted and entred in the Bookes .. shall affect any 
Landes or Tenementes as to Purchasers or Mortgagees. 
1809 Tomuins Law Dict. s.v. Judgment, Which Judgment 
..is.. binding; provided the same..be regularly docketed ; 
that is, abstracted and entered in a book 1818 Cruise 
Digest U1. 58 It is said by Sir J. Jekyll, that judgements 
cannot be docketed after the time mentioned in the act. 
1868 Act 31 § 32 Vict. c. 101 § 22 Such assignation..may 
not have been docqueted with reference to such warrant. 

3. To endorse (a letter or document) with a short 
note of its contents, writer, date, or the like. 

1750 Cuesterr. Let. 5 Feb. (1870) 175 Whatever letters 
and papers you keep, docket and tie them up in their 
respective classes so that you may instantly have recourse 
to any one. 19779 FRrankuin Lett. Wks. 1889 VI. 328 Re- 
turning immediately all the others, docketed and catalogued, 
as you please. 1851 Ord. & Regul. R. Engineers ii. 4 These 
. Official Returns, are to be properly docketed and addressed 
on the back. 1887 T. A. Trottore What I remember 1. xi. 
229 Letters. . carefully docketed with the date by my father. 

b. ¢transf. and fig. 

1856 R. A. VauGHAN Mystics 1x. i. (1860) II. 117 Every 
emotion was methodically docketed ; every yearning of the 
heart minutely catalogued. 1883 E. Pennext-Ecmuirst 
Cream Leicestersh. 244 The Season that is now filed and 
docketed with the past. 1894 Sata Lond. up to Date xx. 
300 Plans. .docketed, and consigned to their proper imagin- 
ary pigeon-holes. 

Hence Do'cketed f//. a., Dovcketing v/. sb. 

1810 Lapy Granvitte Lett. 29 Aug. (1894) I. 11 Having 
embarked me at last in a regular docketted correspondence. 
1865 Cartye /redk. Gt. VII. xvi. viii. 86 In this docketing 
it lay, sealed for many years. 1866 R. CHamuers £ss. Ser. 
1. 152 A set of docketed papers, tied up with red tape. 

Docking-iron = dock-ivon; see Dock sb.1 4. 

1780 W. Curtis Flora Lond. m1. 22 For its [dock’s] 
destruction an instrument called a Docking Iron has been 
invented. | 

Dockize (dgkaiz), v. [f. Dock sd.3 + -1zK.] 
trans. To transform (a river) into a range of docks. 
Hence Dovckized f#/. a., Dockizing vd/. sd. 

187 A. Forrow Thames & its Docks 61 Could the good 
people of Bristol be induced to dockise that very erratic 
stream. 1881 Nature XXIV. 17 The process called ‘dock- 
ising‘, or damming a river at its mouth. 1891 Pad/ MallG. 
2 Dec. 5/9 ‘The proposed ‘ dockized * portion. 

So. Dockiza'tion, conversion into docks. 

1893 De Ripper (f/t/e) Dockization v. docks, Letter .. to 
the Mayor..of Bristol. 1895 Chamd. ¥rni. 140 The dock- 
isation scheme..a proposal to construct a dam across the 
mouth of the Avon. 

Dock-tail, a.=next. 

1785 Criticisms on Rolliad xvii, May thy dock-tail pair 
Unharm'd convey thee with sure-footed care. 

Do-ck-tailed, #//. a. [f. stem of Dock v.! + 
TatLepD.] Having its tail docked or cut short. 

1824 Miss Mitrorp Vil//age Ser. 1. 200 That still wretcheder 
apology for a coat, a dock-tailed jacket. - R. S. Surtees 
Sponge’s Sp. Tour (1893) 189 A dock-tailed waggon horse, 

(dg*kyyaad). [f. Dock s4.3+ Yarp.] 
A more or less Ee enclosure, adjoining the 
sea or a river, in which ships are built and repaired, 


and all kinds of ships’ stores are or 
brought together ; es. in English use, applied to 
the Government establishments of this character 


for the use of the navy, in U.S. called navy-yards. 

1704 Lond, Gaz. 4080/3 [He] landed at the Dock-Yard at 
Blackwall. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) IL. 32 Peter 
the Great..worked with a hatchet among the carpenters in 
our dock-yards. 1840 Tuirtwatt Greece VII. 297 Three 
dockyards were ——_ established in Phoenicia. 

attrib. ax8ar Keats Robin Hood 44 All his oaks, Fall'n 
beneath the dock-yard strokes, Have rotted on the briny 
seas. 1 Marryat P. Simple xi, The dock-yard boat 
with all the pay clerks and the cashier. .came. 


Docoglossate (dpkoglestt), a. Zool. [f. 
mod.L. Docoglossa (f. Gr. dox6s balk, bar + yAdooa 
tongue) +-aTE*.] Of or pertaining to the Doco- 
glossa, a group “of gastropod molluscs havin 
—— rows of beam-like teeth on the tegmat 
n. 
1884 T. Giit in Science IV. 335 The docoglossate Gastro- 


a. 
Docquet(t, obs. form of Docker. 
+ Doct, a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. doct-us, pa. pple. 
of docére to teach.] Learned. 
z yacd Sn ies Rabelais (1737) V. 233 Doct Verbocination 
is e 


| Ambrose.. 


DOCTOR. 


it Docti‘loquent, a. Obs. rare— pe L. doct-us 
learned + -em, pr. pple. of 7 to speak ; 
CL datteet tes speaks ; 
(Blount Glossogr. 1656). So Docti‘loquous a., 
‘5 ing learnedly ’ (Bailey vol. I. 1727). 

(dg*kta1), sb. Forms: 4-7 doctour, 
(4-5 -ur, -oure, 5 doktor), 5- doctor. [a. OF. 
doctor (-ur, -our, -eur), ad. L. doctor, -6rem teacher, 

ent-n. from docére to teach.] 

. A teacher, instructor ; one who gives instruc- 
tion in some branch of knowledge, or inculcates 
opinions or principles. (Const. of) Now rare. 

1387 Trevisa //i, (Rolls) 11.43 Seynt Austyn be firste 
doctour [=/rot, tor] of Englischemen. Caxton 
Chas. Gt. 1 Saynt Poul, doctour of verite. 1 DALL, etc. 
Erasm. Par. Matt. i, 20 The heauenly doctour Christe 

esus. N. T. (Genev.) Matt. xxiii. 10 Be not called 
tol ther is but one your Doctor, and he is Christe, 


| ee | Phil. Trans. 1, 73 One of the most zealous Doctors 
of t 


e cont! Opinion. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 32 Fhese 
new Doctors of the rights of men. 1864 J. H. Newman Aol. 
App. 77 St. Augustine. .is the doctor of the great and com- 
mon view that all untruths are lies. g 

+b. spec. (Sc.) An assistant-master in a school. 
1630 Burgh Recds. Perth in Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. 147. 
1640 Burgh Recds. Edin. ibid. 147 For the tryell of the 
maister and doctors in teatching. 1695 Sispatp Awtfodiog. 
(1834) 129 Mr. Heugh Wallace was master. Mr, Francis 
Cockburn, Mr. Samuel Macom and Mr. John Wardlaw 
were doctors of the [Edinburgh High] school. 


2. One who, by reason of his skill in any branch 


of knowledge, is competent to teach it, or whose 
attainments entitle him to express an authori- 
tative opinion; an eminently learned man. arch. 

cx Cursor M. 12577 heading (Fairf.), Thesus disputed 
wib peices €1391 Cuaucer Astro. Prol., An intro- 
ductorie aftur the statutz of owre doctours. ?a Morte 
Arth, 145 Dukes and duspers and doctours noble. ¢1§10 
More Ficus Wks. 3/1 He scrupulously sought out all the 
famous doctours of his time. 1 Pore Ep. Bathurst 1 
Who shall decide, when Doctors disagree? 1-4 EMERSON 
Ess., Intellect Wks. (Bohn) I. 135 The wisest doctor is 
gravelled by the inquisitiveness of a child. 

+b. ¢ransf. One who is eminently skilled in a 

particular art or craft. Ods. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V (an. 10) 82 This kyng. .in mar- 
cial affaires a very doctor. 1602 RowLanps Greenes Ghost 18 
He indeed was a doctor in his arte [of Cutpurses). 

3. spec. applied to: a. The Doctors of the Church, 
certain early ‘fathers’ distinguished by their emi- 
nent learning, so as to have been teachers not only 
in the Church, but of the Church, and by their 
heroic sanctity ; esp. in the Western Church, the 
four, Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, Gregory (so 
named in the canon law), and, in the Eastern 
Church, the four, Athanasius, Basil, Mg 3a of 
Nazianzum, and Chrysostom. b. The leading 
Schoolmen of medizval philosophy. 

I R. Brunne Handi, Synne Fine doves non Gregory .. 
telleb mo hymself a lone Pan alle be ours do echone. 
1362 Lancu. ?. Pi. A. x1. 294 Pe dou3tiest doctour..austyn 
be olde and hizeste of pe foure. can » 1447 
Austyn and Gregory, Jerome and Am! «the foure doc- 
torus. 1gs2 Apr. Hamicton Catech, (1884) 46 Autentyk 
doctours a vit be the auctorite of haly kirk. .as Hierome, 

risostome. 1788 Retp Aristotle's Log. iv. §6. 
97 The Scholastic Doctors. .tortured. .the modal sy 
1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. xiv. vey be 119 Doctors, who 
assumed the splendid titles of the Angelical, the Seraphic, 
the Irrefragable (Aqui Bona , Al der Hales). 

4. One who, in any faculty or branch of learning, 
has attained to the highest degree conferred by a 
University ; a title originally implying competency 
to teach such subject or subj 


regarded as a certificate of the highest proficiency 
therein. 

The degree is now often conferred by Universities feel 
h i v Preeey . 2 au 


y P pon 4 
divines, etc.: Doctor of Civil Law by Oxford and Durham, 
Doctor of Laws Cacsbrdge, Duties etc., Doctor of 
it 


Divinity, Doctor of Phi etc, Universities. 
Lambeih Doctor : bibaprge aSeved chon Se of Canter- 


bury has conferred the degree. 

1377 Lanct.. P. Pé. B. xv. 373 Doctoures of decres and of 
diuinitie maistres, @ 1400-50 Alexander 234 A clerke.. 
dizt as a Doctour in drabland wedis. 1§29 
agst. Trib. u. Wks. 1170/1 You so 
long, and are doctor. 1551 T. Witson Logike (1567) 334 
I heard ones a doctour of Diuinitie, whiche was not so greate 


Dr. Nic, Pie weed mg 
of Musick. 3780 Hearne Collect. 4 
the is only a beth 
Johnson an. 1765, at 
Joh with a 
ighest academical honours, by creating him Doctor of 
— 1843 Miact in porn Ill. 79°To make Prince 
Albert a doctor of laws. 


Feb., Dr. West's 


J 


b. Prefixed, as title, to the name (now usually — 


abbreviated Dr.), and in addressing a 


ra St. Cuthbert (Surtees) br Jarow.. doctour 
bede leuyd and d 1455 Paston Lett. No. 257 I. 350 
Oon ne, a preest. son ry Wille (Camden) 
ge Mast* Doctor Curteys, the of the Fryers 

Ener cit ane te WL 
master us. @ P, Rem. 

ro The Master of the Mr. Dr, Chaderton. 

in Sohnson 17 April, , doctor, you look stout 


but now merely" 


DOCTOR. 


and hearty. 1882 Epna Lyatt Donovan iii, Dr. Tremain 
was standing by the window. 1895 Ian Mactaren Auda 
Syne 1. v. 113 Doctor Davidson motioned to the Free 
Church minister to take his place at the head. 
+e. Doctor of the Chair: a professor in a uni- 
versity ; cf. CHAIR sé, 6. Obs. 

a 1634 Ranvoipn Muses’ Looking-Glass 11. iv. Wks. (1875) 
213 Thou shalt be doctor o’ th’ chair. 1659 Rusnw. //zst. 
Coll. I. 62 A Sermon preached by Robert Abbot, Doctor of 
the Chair in Oxford. — ; : . 

5. Hence used with express or implied specifica- 
tion of: a, One who is proficient in knowledge of 
theology; a learned divine. 

@ 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv.*148 Pus Doctours 
han I-souht. 1377 [see 4]. 1393 Lancu. P. Pl. C. xu. 97 
For doctor he is yknowe And of scripture pe skylful. 1550 
Bate Afol. 50 (R.) Y° best of your doctours in expownynge 
the Scriptutes. 1680 Orway Orvfhax u. i, Thanking a surly 
Doctor for his Sermon. _ 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 24. 
He heard only the humming of the doctors as they serve 
forth to congregations of poor men hungering for spiritual 
sustenance the draff of theological superstition. 

b. One who is proficient in knowledge of law. 

Till 1857 barristers practising in the Court of Arches were 
required to take the degree of doctor. For the honorary 
doctors of law, see 4. 

1377 Lanct. P. Pl. B..xv. 238 Pat conscience and cryst 
hath yknitte faste, Pei vndon it vnworthily po doctours of 
lawe. ¢1460 J. Russett Bk. Nurture 1024 Doctur of bothe 
lawes, beynge in science digne. 1588 J. UpaLt Diotrephes 
(Arb.) 12 Why did you not rather take some doctour of the 
Arches? 1 Suaks. Merch. V. 1. i. 144 This Letter from 
Bellario doth commend A yong and Learned Doctor in our 
Court. 1845 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) I. 23 With the gravity 
of a doctor expounding ecclesiastical law. 

6. spec. A doctor of medicine ; in popular cur- 
rent use, applied to any medical practitioner. 

[1377 Lanot. P. PZ. B. xyit. 362 Pe bitternesse pat pow 
hast browe brouke it pi-seluen, Pat art doctour of deth, 
drynke pat bow madest |! c 1386 Cuaucer Prol. 411 Wib vs 
bere was a Doctur of Phesike.] c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 
73 Of rasis auicen & galion & of opere doctouris. 1598 
Suaks. Merry W. 1. i. 106 Shall I loose my Doctor? No: 
hee giues me the Potions and the Motions. 1699 DrypeNn 
Ep. to ¥. Driden 71 So liv'd our Sires, ere doctors learn’d 
to kill. 1725 De For Voy, round World (1840) 182 Our 
doctors. themselves (so we call the surgeons at sea). 1783 
Arnswortu Lat, Dict. (Morell) u, Veterinarius, a farrier, 
ahorse doctor. 1872 Gro. Exior Middlem. xv, A common 
country doctor. 1884 Gitmour Jfongols 180 They apply 
to tlfe missionary in his capacity of doctor +. and..want 
him only in so far as he is a doctor, 

b. fig. Applied humorously to any agent that 
gives or preserves health. 

1660 Howe Parly of Beasts 23 (D.) After those two, 
Doctor Diet and Doctor Quiet, Doctor Merriman is requisit 
to preserve health. 1740 Hist. ¥amaica ii. 21 The People 
here give it [the sea-breeze] the name of Doctor, and truly 
it deserves the Title. 1823 Spirit Pub. Frnls. (1824) 55 
Each horseman gulped down a doctor, to counteract the 
effects of the raw morning a¥t. 

7. trangf. A name given to various mechanical 
appliances, usually for curing or removing defects, 
regulating, adjusting, or feeding. 

a. Calico-printing and Paper-making. A thin blade of 
metal used to remove superfluous colour, loose threads, dust, 
etc. from the cylinder (a calico-printing machine has a colour- 
doctor, a lint-doctor, and a cleaning-doctor; see quots.). 
b. Atool used for soldering. ¢. An auxiliary steam-engine 
for feeding the boiler ; a donkey-engine. 

1796 Specif. Wild & Ridge’s Patent No. 2134 (title), 
Manufacturing ..steel doctors for printers. 1833 J. HoLtanp 
Manuf. Metal I. 316 A heated doctor, or soldering bit. 
1837 Wuittock Bk. Trades (1842) 96 (Calico-printer) The 
polished Surface is cleared by the scraper called the ‘doctor’, 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Doctor. (Calico-printing)..The 
cleaning-doctor, which wipes clean the surface of the roller. 
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts I. 590 The lint-doctor, whose office it 


"is to remove any fibres which may have come off the calico 


in the act of printing. zd. 603 The superfluous colouris.. 
wiped off by the colour doctors .. These doctors are thin 
blades of steel or brass, which are mounted in doctor-shears, 
or plates of metal screwed together with bolts, 

. A fish of the genus Acanthurus: also called 
doctor-fish and surgeon-fish: see — 1850, 

1833 Penny Cycl. 1. 68 The name of * Doctors’, by which 
they are well known to the English sailors and colonists. 
1834 M.G. Lewis ¥rnd. W. Ind. 50 Its name is the ‘ Doctor 
Fish’. ¢ 1850 Nat. Encycl. 1. 97 Termed Doctors.. because 
they are armed on each side of the tail with a sharp move- 
able spine like a lancet, which they use with great effect. 

9. Angling. A kind of artificial fly. 

1867 F. Francis Angling x. (1880) 341 The Doctor .. is 
avery general and deserved favourite. 1895 Daily News 
22 Aug. 6/2 With fine tackle and a very small Blue Doctor. 

10. Something used to ‘doctor’ or adulterate 
food or drink; e.g. a liquor mixed with inferior 
wine to make it more palatable, or with light- 
coloured wine (as sherry} to darken it; hence, a 
name for brown sherry. (s/ang or collog.) 

1770 been Placid Man \. 84 The governor was as 
happy if he bongs his Doctor = to . man _ talked to 

im upon any thing. 1 ROSE Dict. . Longue 
(Farmer), Doctor, a sal. used by stiles to make 
— appear — than they really are. 2828 G. 

MEATON Doings in London (Farmer), Maton, in his ‘ Tricks 
of Bakers Unmasked’, says alum, which is called the 
Doctor. .is sold to the bakers at fourpence per pound. 

11. (Waut.) A ship’s cook; (U.S. and Australian) 
the men’s cook at a station or come. (collog.) 

1860 Bartiert Dict. Amer., Doctor, the cook on board 
a ship. a Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Doctor .. a jocular 
name for the ship’s cook. 1892 LeNntzNER Australian 
Word-bk. 20 Doctor, the (up-country), the men’s cook on 


[ 


571 


astation. 1893 Funk Standard Dict., Doctor..6. (Local, 
U.S.) The cook in a logging-camp. 

12. Old slang. A false or loaded die. 

axzj00 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Doctor, a false Die, that 
will run but two or three Chances. hey put the Doctor 
upon him, they cheated him with false Dice. 1721 CisBer 
Woman's Witt, The old Rogue..wou'd ha’ put the Doctor 
upon me. .(unknown to him) I flung away the Doctor, and 
clapt into the Bax a Pair of true Mathematics. 1749 Frevp- 
ING Tom Jones vil. xii. 1774 Foote Cozeners 1. Wks. 1799 
Il. 153. 180 Sporting Mag. XVIII. 7 Loaded a couple of 
the Doctors for throwing a seven and nine. 

13.'Comd., as doctor-farrier, -like (adj. and adv.), 
-maker, -monger ; doctor-box, a form of colour- 
box in a calico-printing machine, of which the 
‘doctor’ (7a) forms the bottom; doctor’s curse 
(see quot.) ; doctor-fish = sense 8; doctor-gum, 
a South-American gum, also called hog-gum, 
usually considered to be a product of Rhus ALeto- 
pium’ (Cent. Dict.); doctor-shears (see 7a); 
doctor’s stuff (co//og.), medicine, physic (also 
doctor-stuff). See also Docrors’ Commons. 

1821 Cor. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 226, I .. took the 
*doctor’s curse, or, in other words, a dose of calomel. 1638 
Forp Fancies v.ii, Some *doctor-farriers are of opinion that 
the mare may cast a foal. 1549 CHALONER /vasi. on Folly 
Mjb, This Definicion..was not..*doctourlike sette foorth 
by hym. 1654 Gataker Disc. A fol. 41, I told them merilie, 
They must first make me a Doctor-like maintenance, ere I 
would take the degree of Doctor, 1884 Chix. IVorld 10 Jan. 
17/5 A ‘*doctor-maker’ is the maker of a particular metal 

ate called a ‘doctor’, c1449 Pecock Acpm 1. xvi. 87 
ay of 30u ben clepid “Doctour mongers. 1772 GRAVES 
Spirit. Quix. x. xvii. (D.), The man said .. he could not 
take *Doctor’s stuff, if he died for it. 1856 Kane Avct. 
Expl. 1. xv. 171 Like doctor-stuff generally, it is not as 
appetizing as desirable. 

Hence (sonce-wds.) Do'ctordom, the world of 
doctors, doctors collectively. Do‘ctorhead, Do'c- 
torhood, the position or rank of a doctor. Dorc- 
torless a., without a doctor. 

1541 Barnes Wes. (1573) 542/2 Thinketh your doctourhed 
that the children of Israell. .could not haue made. .excuse? 
1849 THackeray Pendennis vi, A match for all the Doctors 
in Doctordom. 
doctorhood, 1885 A ¢hena@us 12 Dec. 764 Our butcherless, 
bakerless..doctorless..and altogether comfortless jungle. 

Doctor (dy'kta1), v. collog. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To confer the degree or title of Doctor 
upon ; to make a Doctor. fein “” 

1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 117 Which Church hath 
now fully .. delivered her mind in the late Councell of 
Trent; whereto all that are solemnly doctored in Italy must 
subscribe. @1744 Pore Let. to Swift Wks. 1751 IX. 341 
(Jod.), I will be doctored with you, or not at all. 1873 

OWELL Lett. (1894) II. 108, I have been over to Oxford to 
be doctored, and ted a very pleasant time of it. 1891 Sat. 
Rev. 20 June 730/1 Cambridge on Tuesday ‘doctored’ 
among others her new High Steward. 

2. To treat, as a doctor or physician; to admin- 
ister medicine or medical treatment to. 

1737 Bracken Farriery [mpr. (1757) U1. 47 Rather than 
suffer a good serviceable Creature to be doctor’d out of his 
Life by the common Farrier. 1832 Cot. Hawker Diary 
(1893) II. 38 Brodie. .prescribed for me and sent me off to 
doctor myself. 1842 C. WuiteHEap 2. Savage (1845) I. xi. 
156 We'll doctor him up while you’re gone. 

b. ¢ransf. To repair, patch up, set to rights. 

1829 Atrorp in L7/e(1873) 50 Wasted most of the morning 
in doctoring a clock. 1833 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) I. 
317 Can these [verses] be doctored into any thing available? 

3. Jig. To treat so as to alter the appearance, 
flavour, or character of; to disguise, falsify, tamper 
with, adulterate, sophisticate, ‘cook’. 

1774 Foorr Cozeners 1. Wks. 1799 II. 188, I wish we had 
time though to doctor his face. 1820 Ldin. Rev. XX XIII. 
138 Directions for .. doctoring all sorts of wines. 1847 DE 
Quincey Sf, Mil. Nun xxi. 3s ) 66 Modes of doctoring 
dice. 1866 Pall Mall G. 3 Jan., K serious doubt arises. .as 
to the trustworthiness of .. the narratives thus doctored. 
1884 St. James's Gaz. 5 Dec. 6/1 By a few touches of 
a file on the milled edge, a coin can be so ‘ doctored’ as to 
fall almost invariably heads or tails at will. 

4. intr. a. To practise as a physician. 

(Usually in v2. sd. or pr. pple.) 

1865 Mrs. Witney Gayworthys ii, Preaching ran in the 
King family; as politics or doctoring, sailoring or soldiering 
run in some others. 1885 Harfer’s Mag. Jan. 205/1, [know 
more about doctoring. k 

b. To take medicine, undergo medical treat- 
ment. In recent Dicts. 

Hence Doretored f//. a., Do'ctoring vi/. sb. ; 
also Do’ctorer, one who doctors. 

1533 SirT. sone ie xlv. Wks. 915/2 If this pacifyer’s doc- 
toring [i. e. citing of doctors] wer a good profe. 1832 Bas- 
BaGE Lcon, Manuf. xv. (ed. 3) 135 A mode of preparing old 
clover and trefoil seeds by a process called ‘doctoring’. 
x85r Tuackeray Eng. Hum. iii. (1858) 143 Most men's 
letters .. are doctored compositions. 1882 T. W. Knox in 
Harper's Mag. Dec. é 1 The at are wines. .need no 
doctoring. 1885 Mrs. C. Prarp Head Station 15 Serving out 
doctored grog. 1887 Turina in Fraud. Educ. ane 297 Any 
master of language, as distinct from a doctorer of words. 

Doctoral (dg*ktéral), a. [fas prec. +-an: cf. 
F. doctoral, It. dottorale.| 

1. Of or belonging to a doctor (i.e. a man of emi- 
nent learning, a professional teacher, or one who 
has received the degree of Doctor). 

1563-87 Foxr A. & M. Let. Bp. Hereford an. 1391 (R.), 
The golden laurell of teaching doctorall, is not from aboue 
indifferently euery mans gift. 1644 Mitton Jdgm. Bucer 


1870 Daily News 5 Dec., The shibboleth of | 


DOCTORS’ COMMONS. 


Wks. 1738 I. 278 O that I could set him living before ye in 
that Doctoral Chair, where once the learnedest of Bneland! 
thought it no disparagement to sit at his feet! 1651 BaxTER 
Inf. Bapt. 121 The Authority of Synods in matters of Faith 
is Doctorall and declarative, and not decisively Judiciall. 
1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 277 To receive from an 
university the privilege of wearing the doctoral scarlet. 
+b. Holding the position of a doctor or teacher. 

a 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 575 
When the elder Doctors..faile them, they might goe to Sor- 
bona. .to furnish them of Doctorall witnesses. 1604 ‘TookER 
Fabrique of Ch. 55 The Elders Doctorall or Pastorall are 
woorthy of double honour. ; ae 

2. Belonging to or characteristic of a physician 
or medical man. (s07ce-25€.) 

1892 STEVENSON Across the Plains 17 A native .. pro- 
nounced it, with a doctoral air, ‘a fever and ague morning’. 

Hence Do‘ctorally adv.,in the manner ofa doctor; 
as a doctor. 

1s80 G. Harvey Three Witie Lett. 12 Very solemnly 
pawsing awhyle, most gravely, and doctorally [I] proceeded 
as followeth. 1627 Hakewitt Afol. Iv. x. § 2 (1630) 428 
‘The Physitions dayly resorted to him to touch his pulse, and 
consider in Colledge of his desease, doctorally at their depar- 
ture. «1660 Hammonp HW’ss. 1V. 671 (R.) Sinning doctorally, 
and magisterially..even setting up a school of Atheism. 

Doctorate (dgktorct), 56.1 [ad. med.L. doc- 
torat-us, f. doctor Doctor: see -ATE!. Cf. F. doc- 
torat (16th c.).] The degree of Doctor. 

1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 373 
Make the doctorate a stirrup to mount him to Prelacy. 1775 
Jounson Let. to Boswell 7 Feb., No man not a Doctor can 
.. practice Physick but ty Licence particularly granted. 
The Doctorate is a licence of itself. 1858 Masson AZiltox 
I. 119 ‘The Doctorates of Law and Medicine. 1882-3 ScHarr 
Lucycl. Relig, Knowl. 1. 651 The evolution of the doctorate 
as a third university degree above that of master cannot be 
distinctly traced. 

+ Doctorate, 7//. a. and sb.2 Obs. [ad. med. 
or mod.L. doctordt-us made a doctor: cf. doctor- 
andus in Tu Cange.] a. ppl. a. Made a doctor. 
b. sé. One who has received the degree of Doctor. 

159t GREENE Disc. Coosnage i. (1592) 20 One..that for 
his skill might haue been Doctorat in his misterie. 1651 
Life Father Sarpi (1676) 13 Master, (which is the Title of 
the Doctorates in Theology). 

Doctorate (dektore't), v. Now rare. [f. med. 
or mod.L. doctdvare to make doctor: sce -ATE 3.] 
trans. To confer the degree of Doctor upon; also 


absol. to penicpphaglegree of Doctor. 
| wtadorrordre, to take or giue the degree ofa 


doctor, to doctorate. 1637-50 Row Hist. Aurk (1842) 261 
‘They behoued to be doctorated. @ 1661 Futter MWorthies 
1. (1662) 237 Going afterwards to Oxford he was doctorated 
in Divinity. 1774 Warton //ist. Eng. Poetry II. x1. 395 
After-wards doctorated in medicine at Oxford. 1886 Lauriz 
Universities vii. 123 Even after Salernum had a teacher of 
law..it could not doctorate in law. 

Doctoress: see Doctress. 

Doctorial (dpkté-rial), a. [f. L. type *doc- 
tort-us (cf. senatorius, titorius, etc.) + -AL.] Of 
or belonging to a doctor: = Docrorat, 

1729 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 453, I cannot account for 
the doctorial degrees given all to Non-subscribers by the 
College of Edinburgh. ¢1730 J. Earve in Calamy's Life 
II. 513 So, when our Universities Doctorial honours give, 
‘Tis not our merit they declare, But their prerogative. 
1843 Lerevre Life Trav, Physic. 1. 1. vi. 105 Had not 
my doctorial title been specified in my passport. 

Hence Docto‘rially adv., as a doctor. 

1858 TRottore Dr. Thorne iii, That a doctor should not 
laugh at all when called in to act doctorially. 

Doctorism (dgktoriz'm). [f. Docror sd. + 
-IsM.] The principles or practice of doctors ; a 
saying characteristic of a doctor. 

1661 K.W. Conf. Charac., Detracting Empirick (1860) 66 
Hocus pocusses of doctorisme. 1825 Lockuart Let. 19 Nov. 
in Smiles Live ¥. Murray (1891) 11. xxvii. 224 The Doctors 
uttering doctorisms on the occasion. 

Do:ctorize, v. vare. [f. as prec. + -IZE.] trans. 
To confer the degree of Doctor upon ; to doctor. 

1600 E. Blount Hos/. /ucur. Fooles 13, 1 meane to returne 
to my towne of Tripalda, doctorized thus by your grace and 
favour. 31850 Prescott Let. to G. Ticknor 26 June in Life, 
Lord Northampton and I were Doctorized in due form. : 

Hence Doctoriza‘tion,the conferring of a doctor’s 
degree. ‘ In recent Dicts. 

Doctorly (dg'ktasli), a. [f. as prec. + -Ly!.] 
Like, characteristic of, or befitting a doctor ; having 
the position or character of a doctor. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & M. Life Tindale (R.), The doctourly 
prelates. did. (1596) 1526 (R.) This doctourlie disputa- 
tion. 1657 TomLinson Renon’s Disp. Pref., Witha Doctorly 
arrogance. 1888 Freeman in W, R. W. Stephens Life § 
Lett. (1895) 11. 386, I am still writing upstairs, in a gown 
scarlet but not doctorly. 

Doctors’ Commons. [See Commons 3b.] 
The common table and dining-hall of the Associa- 
tion or College of Doctors of Civil Law in London ; 
hence, the buildings occupied and used by these as 
an incorporated Society’ and now the name of the 
site of these, to the south of St. Paul’s Cathedral. 

The Society was formed in 1509 by civilians entitled to 
plead in the Court of Arches. In 1768 they were incor- 
porated under the name of ‘the College of Doctors of Laws 
{of Oxford and Cambridge] exercent in the Ecclesiastical 
and Admiralty Courts’. In the buildings of Doctors’ 
Commons were held five courts, viz. the Court of Arches, 
Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Court of Faculties or 
Dispensations, Consistory Court, and High Court of 


; 72*-2 


DOCTORSHIP. 


Admiralty; the business included all matters of ecclesias- 
tical law, prosecutions for By i divorce suits, licences 
for Ity and Prize 
cases, etc. ‘The Society was discolved in 1858 and the 
buildings were taken down in 1867. Literary references 


to Doctors’ Commons in later times usually refer to the | 


registration or probate of w’ to e licences, or 
to (0 proceedings for divorce. we vasien 2 
1680 J. Govotrnin Refertor. Canon. (ed. 2) App. 10 


Doctors of the Civil Laws to the Number of Thirteen in | 


* assembled together al the common Dining-Hall of 
Doctors Commons in don. ax690 Br. T. Bartow Kem. 
65 (T.) A dignitary of our church..had been at Doctors- 

Comscan: and there fee’d one of the doctors, who is a 

judge of one of those courts where matrimonial causes are 

conusable. 1705 Hickerincitt Priest-cr. ~ y. Cp 210 

Another calls to the — the Ja tor’s- 

Ce ,and the H. 708 Mrs. 

Body ww. iv, With this Proviso that seg To-morrow Morning 
‘wads me. He is now Pats to Doctors-Commons for a 

Licence. 1813 Byron Waltz xiii, Search Doctors’ Com- 

mons. 1819 — Fuan i. xxxvi, No choice was left his feel- 

ings or his pride, Save death or Doctors’ Commons. 1854 

Puituore /nternat. Law Pref. (1873) 37. 


Doctorship (dgkta:fip). [f Docror sd. + 
-SHIP.] 

1. The degree of Doctor; =Doctorate sé.! 

1586 Ferns Blas. Gentrie 33 Invested with the degree of 
Doctorship. 1647 Ciarenvon “ist. Ked. 1. § 189 After he 
had received all the graces and degrees, the proctorship and 
the doctorship. 1807 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. V. 178 They 
coveted doctorship. 1891 Nation (N. Y.) 17 Dec. 464/3 
A thesis written for the doctorship in letters. 

2. The position, character, or function ofa doctor, 
teacher, or learned man; teaching, instruction ; 
eminent learning or scholarship. 

1598 FLorio, Dottoraggine, doctorship. a 1603 T. Cart- 
wriGut Confut. Rhem. N. 7°. (1618) 299 They were taught 
of the Holy Ghost, through the immed iate Mastership or 
Doctorship of Christ. 1 *R. Bute’ tr. Dedekindus’ 
Grobianus 252 Your Worship and your Doctorship display. 
1838 Fraser's Mag. XVII. 703, 1 must here break off, 
fascinating as is German doctorship, soothing as is German 
dullness. 

3. The function or practice of a physician ; 
medical skill or attendance. 

1640 Brome Antipodes Epil., Whether my cure be perfect 
yet or no, It lies not in my doctor- ship to know. 1856 /'a/t's 
Mag. XXIII. 515 Would the sick be less likely to recover. 
under gratuitous doctorship ? 

4. The personality or dignity of a doctor; used 
humorously or ironically as a title. 

1610 Br. Hart Afol. Brownists 25 Why then doth his 
Doctor-shippe parallell these two? 1 Brit. Apollo WU. 
No. 19. 3/2 A poor Fidler.. Your Doctorship here does Peti- 
tion. 1823 /.xaminer 787/2 His Reverend Doctorship. 

Doctress dp ktrés), doctoress (dg*ktorés). 
Also 7 doctrisse. [f. Docror: prob. in part a, 
F. doctoresse (15th c.), or repr. a mod.L. *doctrissa; 
see -ESS.] A female doctor. (Now only used 
when sex is emphasized; in which case also 
woman-doctor, lady-doctor, are more common.) 

1. A female teacher ; a woman of eminent learn- 
ing; a woman who has a doctoral degree. ? Ods. 

(In the last sense, doctor is now applied to both sexes.) 

a. 1549 CHALONER Erasm. on Folly Riva, I must be borne 
with, beyng but a younge doctresse. 1612 CHAPMAN 
i “iddowes. T. Plays 1873 III. 29 Thou speak'st like a 
Doctrisse in thy facultie. 1635 A. Starrorp Fem. Glory 
(1869) 124 Who being a Doctresse, scorn’d not to be a Dis- 
ciple. 1741 Lapy Pomrrert Lett. (1805) III. 179 The famous 
doctress signora Laura Bassi. 1882 Anowledge No. 17.362 
Doctress Kingsford..and some of her confréres appear to 
misinterpret the position which I have assumed. 

1626 tr. Boccalini 71 (T.) Glorying..to be called the 
doctoress of all nations, 1689 Evetyn Let. to Pepys 
12 Aug., Hellen Cornaro. .received the degree of Doctoresse 
at Padua. 

b. Applied to things personified as feminine. 
137 Sranynurst Descr, Jrel.in Holinshed V1. Ep. Ded., 
earned. Gorge seh an historie - 3 the life of memorie, 
= doctresse of behaviour. 1 ‘mond for Parrat 7 


_ ag tongd doctresse Dame = 
emale physician or medical practitioner. 
a. 1577 B Gooce Heresbach's Hush. (1586) _191b, The 


women,,take upon them to bee great doctresses in physicke. 
1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 104 —— of Hartshorn is 
much more in Esteem amongst Family Doctresses, 1801 

Bioomrietp Rural 7. (1802) 35 His Wife the Doctress of 
the neighb'ring Poor. iss Drury Called Resc. I. vi. 
148 Her young friend's skill as a bird and dog doctress. 

B. Tryon Way to Health 66 Unless the excellent 

rey iA Sobriety be their Doctoress, 1830 /raser’s Mag. 1. 
Let the healing doctoress come. 
- humorously. A doctor's wife or daughter. (Cf. 
Ger. Frau Doktorin.) 

1748 Gray Let. to Dr. T. Wharton Wks. 1884 Il. 185 
After having made my compliments to the god-mothers of 
the little Doctress. ee rting Mag. 
doctor .. came accom by his lady Mrs. D 


benef RE Busie | 


RXV, 8 The | 


572 


+ Doctrinable, . Ods. rare. [f. Docrninu 
| sb. or UV. +-ABLE.] Fit for instruction; instruc- 
| tive. 

1581 Sipney Re ge wry on) F Then pase eany ted is 
more doctrinable oe Gee. Fxccahes then 
true Cyrus in oa ene 
| Doctrinaire (dgktrinéos), sd. (a.)_[a. F. doc- 
trinatre (14th c.), ad, L. *doctrinarius, f, doc- 
| trina Doctrine: see -ARY.] A. sb. 

1. Fr. Hist. One of a political party which arose 
in France soon after 1815, ‘having for their object 
and doctrine the establishment and preservation of 
constitutional government, and the reconciliation 
of authority and liberty, royalty and national 
representation.” (Townsend A/anual of Dates.) 

They were looked upon by members of the two extreme 
parties as speculative politicians holding a ‘doctrine’ not 
within the range of practical politics. 

1820 Edin. Rev. XXXIV. 38 (Stanf.) There is at Paris 
a small set of speculative politicians called doctrinaires. 
1834 Spectator 15 Nov. 1086/2 Do not be cajoled by any 
stupid stories .. about the Doctrinaires oing out of office 
on any question of principle. . Ketty tr. 
L. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. WU, . was a doc- 
trinaire. But though that designation had no political 
meaning; though it expr a manner of being, rather 
than a manner of thinking, still there adhered to it some 
indescribable tincture of unpopularity which was totally 
indelible. 

2. Hence, One who holds some doctrine or theory 
which he tries to apply without sufficient regard 
to practical considerations; a pedantic theorist. 
(Often applied as a term of reproach by ‘ practical ’ 
men, to those whom they consider talking or writ- 
ing theorists. ) 

1831 Ldin. Rev. LIT. 454 (Stanf.) A system may be the 
| truest possible whilst argued on ¢# vacuo, in the cabinet of 
a Doctrinaire. 1839 Heirs Friends in C. Ser. 1. II. x. 
= The way to answer these doctrinaires is to turn to facts. 

1 Gr. Durr Teachings Cobden, ‘Those are only justly 
oa led doctrinaires who insist on acting in season and out 
of season upon the doctrines which they profess. 1887 
Marra chief vii. 197 They got astride of this favourite 

hobby-horse of the doctrinaires. 1888 Lowett Pr. Wks. 
(1890) II. 193 Practical politicians, as they call themselves, 

-have substituted doctrinaire for fedant as the term of 
reproach. ‘ —_ 

B. adj. Pertaining to, or of the character of, a 
doctrinaire; wedded to a particular doctrine or 
theory and seeking to apply it in all circumstances ; 
merely theoretical or speculative. 

Spectator 22 Nov. 1112/2 A Cabinet .. with an old., 
employé of the Empire at the head, and a Doctrinaire 
Minister of Justice at the tail. 1873 H. Srexcer Stud. 
Sociol. xv. 362 The re-iterations of doctrinaire politicians. 
1879 M. Pattison J/i/ton 120 Would Milton take his stand 
upon doctrinaire republicanism? 1880 DisraeLi Endym. i, 
Don’t you be too doctrinaire..you and I are practical men, 

Doctrinairism (dg:ktriné*riz’m). [f. prec. + 
-1sM.] The principles or practice of a doctrinaire ; 
pedantic adhesion to a doctrine or theory without re- 
gard to practical considerations ; doctrinarianism. 

1836 R. H. Froupe in ¥. H. Newnan's Lett. (1891) 
I. 151 Theim utation of a little doctrinaireism. 1837 Tait’s 
Mag.1V. 454 Eclecticism, or Doctrinairism, is a philosophy 
marvellously suited to Profi from such circumstances. 1852 
Fraser's Mag. XLVI. The de! pra of his views saved 
him from mere dottciasictaan, Srecey in Macm. Mag. 
Jan. 179/1 The same public se despises doctrinairism in 
politics, is just as decided and united in despising every- 
thing but doctrinairism i in nat 

(do*ktrina doktrai: nal), a. and sé, 
[The sb. was a. F. doctrinal (13th c. in Littré); the 
adj. was perh. more directly ad. late L. doctr: indl-is 
(Isidore), f. doctrina learning, doctrine : see -AL. 

The historical pronunciation, from L. doctrind’dis, Fr. and 
ME. doctrina’l is de'ctrinal (so Bailey, Todd); doctrinal 
g. ) passes over ‘the actual L., Fr. and ME. words, to reach 

¢ ulterior doctrina.] 


yj. 

1. Of or pertaining to doctrine; containing or 
inculcating a doctrine or doctrines. Doctrinal 
Puritans, those whose pao had reference to 
doctrines rather than disci say ed or ceremonial. 
| _ 1570 Levins Mani, rinall, doctrinalis, x6xx 

Brete Transl. yor as (bs 3 in ago ints that con- 

cerne sal Cia ved. 1. § 191 He 

had some doctrinal re whieh oe liked not. 1 
Neat fist. Purit. 1. 579 The bee een were. 
with the character of Doctrinal Puritans. J ENNINGS & 
Dopprivce Pref. to Watts’ Improv. Mind 1, A doctrinal 
controversy, 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. aS If he believed 
that in their doctrinal conservatism they knew and meant 
what they were saying. 


+b. Derived from instruction. Ods. rare. 


| 1628 H Thucyd. 1. xxxix, When .. upon natural 
rather than doctrinal valour [uy pera vépeow 7d mAciov # 


Sa M Red as R I. The 
so oe mr x 1Ss woven e aM gon ‘ose 1. 253 } 

hall door, 

+ Doctri‘ce. Ovs. [ad. L. doctrix, -tric-em 


female teacher, fem. of doctor; perh. through an 
obs. F. *doctrice.] A female teacher: in quots. 
used of things personified ; = prec. 1 b, 

¢ 1450 tr. De Jmitatione wu. ix, Pi grace. .is maistresse of 
trou eee of discipline, lizt of be herte. 1548 Upaut 
Erasm. Par. Luke i. 27 The sors tongue.. 
doctrice and auauncer of carnall obseruaunces. x J. 
Knewstus Con/ut. Heresies (1579) 18a, Marie. .signifieth 
with him a doctrice, 


ing..the | 


j avipias] we come to undertake any 

} +3. Serving to teach or instruct; instructive, 

| didactic. Ods. 

1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxi. § 3 The word of God.. 
serueth then only in the nature of a doctrinall mae 


@ 1632 G. Hersert Country Parson xxviii, Ina doctrinal 

way, saying to the contemner, abe why do you thus? a 
Mitton Ch. Govt. 11, (1851) 1 plored those Seager d 
constitutions, wherein So) Euripides raigne shall 


be Bs more doctrinal and ona a 
t i The title of a text-book on grammar by Alex. 


DOCTRINE. 


de Villedieu; by extension, a book of instruction 
: any subject ; a text-book. Ods. 
Cov. Myst. ee RPong Mody Bg 


a 
Doctrynal 

v3 [see Caan. » Bascuae Shyp - Folys (1874) L 

be Sea ea olde doctrinall / Felts 1531 

Exyor Gov. 1. doctrinall 

| nt Pe a ne 

HART R 

unto him Hagotio, 24 An 9 G 
+b. transf. An instructor. Obs. rare. 

1503 Hawes Se cadena A xiii. Bn dpaie 55 Also saynt 

—— the noble Whiche evermore was a good 


2. Zi. Matters’ or points of doctrine or instruction. 

1619 S. Warp in Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 68 Our consent was 
ealyabnd for Doctrinals, not for matters touching Discipline, 
1681 Baxter Afol. Nouconf. Min, 48 We differ in Doctrinals 
as well as in Ceremony. 1718 Wodrow Corr. (2843) IL 
The. .controversy shank doctrinals is ee revived, 
J. G. Wirkinson, Hum. Sc. § Div. Revel. \xv. 212 Doc- 
trinals are the indispensable readers of all reality. 

Hence Doctrinalism, the laying of stress on 
doctrinal matters; Doctrinalist, a strict adherent 
to doctrine; Doctrina‘lity, doctrinal character. 

1846 De Quincey Christianity Wks. X11. 278 bes doc- 
trinality of our religion. 1860 Froupe Hist. Eng. V. 356 
The Papists were put out of the way. doctrinalists 
were promoted to honour. 1869 Ibid. z. (1870) XIL. 550 Theo- 

of fa | 1894 Thinker 


logical doctr out 

V.447 Driven. on other extreme of rigid doctrinalism. 
(see prec.), adv. [f. prec. + -LY?.] 

In a doctrinal manner or form ; in res; of, or as 

a matter of, doctrine; by way of teaching. 

1633 Ames "Agst. Cerem. UW. 371 Writing on the second 
Commandement doctrinally. Penn Addr. Prot. u. 
iii. (1692) 87 Christ Jesus neat and his Apostles .. have 
doctrinally laid it down. De For Yure Div. Pref. 

If my Opinion be really in it self, Doctrinally Sound. 1869 
Happan Afost. Succ. iii. (1879) 58 Churches organically 
complete but doctrinally corrupt. 
(dgktriné*rian), sb. and a. [f. 
L. type *doctrinari-us (DOCTRINAIRE) + -AN.] 
A. sb. +1. pl. The Brethren of Christian Doc- 
trine, or Christian Brothers (F. doctrinatres), a lay 
order instituted at Rheims in 1680 by J. B. de la 
Salle, to teach gratuitously the principles of religion 
and the elements of primary instruction. Oés. 
7 Gentl. Mag. 570 Other amphibious kinds, whic! 
es Regulars nor Seculars, as Jesuits, torians, Doc- 
trinarians, Lazarists. 1794 Barrvet Hist. Clergy Fr. Rev. 
(+795) 161 [He] had been ed dina lar congreg: 
by the Doctrinarians. 
. = DocrriINalRE 5d. 

1836 J. H. Newman Discuss. § Argts. (1872) 19 Pro- 
testantism is embodied in a system; so is rays Se 
when a man takes up this Via Media, ‘he is a mere rin- 
arian—he is wasting his efforts in delineating an invisible 

hantom. 1840 IT. Hook in Mew —— Press LX. 164 

ngland has its sect of doctrinarians as well as F; 

. adj, = DOCTRINAIRE @., Docrrixany. 

878 E. Jenkins //averholme 101 A stiff and doctrinarian 
potticlen of the Whig school. 

Hence Doctrina* doctrinairism. 

1877 D. M. Wattace Russia v. 82 The latest products of 
French doctrinarianism 

(dg'ktrinari), @. ad, F. doctri- 
naire: see above and -aky !,] ol ing an abstract 
doctrine and seeking to a: it in all circum- 
stances; = Page a yp oe ts 

1850 Hare Mission C against the doc- 
trinary school. 1860 yon wallow B. ii. 33 
His. -doctrinary republicanism, 1893 Nat, Observer 15 Apr. 
535/1 Doctrinary pedants, 

Hence Doctrina‘rity, quality of a doctrinaire. 

@ 1869 Lp. Srrancrorp Lett, etc. 235 ( (D.) Excess * eae 
trinarity and excess in ear 
their mark on the new political gosutios. 

Do'ctrinate, v. arch. [f. med.L. mires, 
Fa to teach, instruct, f.doctrina: see -ATE® 5. 
trans. Toteachorinstruct; = DocrainE 2. a.; adbsol. 
To give instruction (on a "subject 3Theyw dectrinate ™ 

Heywoop Eng. Elis. (1641) a nati 
end’ lnntreteds other ta e 


Six T. 5 a 7 ed. Thome are 

om eS io wey oy Metem- 
<a of oe ae Fuller's Abel Rediv., Chy- 
tracus 421 M doctrinated. 1840 


him 
Marryat Olla Par jell Y ole On that..you have not 


ods Dir ) 56 Th Seca .wasa ine to 
Sac: fe. 67 ee cee Re. Tatler 
No. 11 Pa Doctrines on this the most..empty 


of all the Labours of ~eeheamar: 
+b. Public instruction ; eae Obs. 
1560-78 Bk. Paes Ch. ee med wth 


convene to can 


- 


DOCTRINE. 


Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 250 Adter doctrin, he lyikwiese 
ministrat the Lordis Table. 1600 J. Metvitt Diary 
‘odrow Soc.) 33, I saw him everie day of his doctrine go 
lie and fear. .to the Paroche Kirk. 
2. That which istaught. a. In the most general 
sense: Instruction, teaching ; a body of instruction 


or teaching. 

ape Wycur Tit. ii. 10 In alle thingis schewing good 
feith, that thei ourne in alle thingis the doctryn of oure 
sauyour God. ¢1400 Maunpev, (1839) xii. 133 The Gos- 

Iles, in the which is gode doctryne. 1483 Caxton Cato 3 

n this smal lytyl booke is conteyned a short. .doctryne for 
all maner of peple. 1500-20 Dunnar Poems xli. 7 Be rewlyt 
rycht and keip this doctring. xg02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. 
de W. 1 o6) Pol 2 Foloweth a shorte doctryne..in y® 
whiche shal be spoken. .of fyue thynges. 1526-34 TINDALE 
Matt. xvi. 12 He bad not them beware of the leven of breed : 
but of the doctrine of the Pharises. 1845S. Austin Ranke's 
Hist, Ref. Il. 179 They next proceeded to consider the 
points of doctrine and life. 185r Robertson Sevmz. Ser. 11. 
110 In Scripture, doctrine means broadly, teaching: any- 
thing that is taught is doctrine, ; 

b. esp. That which is taught or laid down as 
true concerning a particular subject or department 
of knowledge, as religion, politics, science, etc. ; 
a belief, theoretical opinion; a dogma, tenet. 

1382 Wycuir Ja/t. xy. 9 ‘Techynge the doctrines and 
maundements of men. 1485 Caxton Paris § V’. Prol., The 
book of his doctrines. 1509 FisHer Fun. Serm. C'tess 
Richmond Wks. (1876) 308 To publysshe the doctryne & 
fayth of cryste Ihesu. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. i. xxv. 
§ 20, 116 The doctrine of the nature of God. 1712 Appison 
Spect. No. 269 P 10 To vent among them some of his 
Republican Doctrines. 1725 Warts Logic 1v. ii. Rule 6, 
The doctrine of the sacred Trinity. 1778 Burke Corr. 
(1844) 1L. 242 That doctrine of the equality of all men, 
which has been preached by knavery, and so greedily 
adopted by malice, envy, and cunning. 1860 WesrcoTT 
Introd. Study Gosp. viii. (ed. 5) 405 Difficulties in applying 
the great doctrine of gravitation. 1893 Sir J. W. Cuirry in 
Law Times Rep. UXVILL. 430/1 To hold that mere oral 
assent to the new lease operates asa surrender in law would 
be a most dangerous doctrine. 

ce. Monroe doctrine (U.S. politics): the name 


applied (since about 1848) toa principle or series of | 


principles of policy put forward in, or deduced 
from, the Message of President Monroe to Con- 
gress, 2 Dec. 1823. 

In this it was declared that ‘we should consider any 
attempt’ on the part of the Allied European Powers ‘to 
extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as 
dangerous to our peace and safety’; that ‘any interposition, 
for the purpose of oppressing’ the recently revolted Spanish- 
American colonies, ‘or controlling in any other manner their 
destiny, by any European Power’ would be viewed ‘as the 
manifestation of an unfriendly disposition towards the United 
States’; and that ‘the American continents should no longer 
be subjects for any new European colonial settlement’. 

1848 I. E. Hotes in Congress. Globe 29 Apr. giz The 
President [Polk] had taken the opportunity of reiterating 
a doctrine which was said to be the doctrine of Mr. Monroe. 
1858 Sw (Bali.) 30 Oct. (Bartlett), If we now fall back on 
the Monroe doctrine, we, shall see the difference between 
an abstraction and its application in practice. 1866 LowELt 
Seward-Fohnson Reaction Prose Wks. 1890 V. 323 The 
South should put in practice at home that Monroe Doctrine 
of which it has always been so clamorous a supporter. 1895 
Mra. or Sarissury Disp. 26 Nov. (Times 18 Dec. 7/2) 
The application of the Monroe doctrine to the question of 
the boundary dispute between V: la and the colony of 
British Guiana. 1896 Daily News 7 Mar. 4/6 It was 
during this contest between Spain and her insurgent 
colonists that President Monroe, in 1823, at the instigation 
of Mr. Canning, laid down in a Message to Congress the 
famous ‘doctrine’ which bears his name. 

3. A body or system of principles or tenets; a 
doctrinal or theoretical system; a theory; a science, 
or department of knowledge. ? Ods. 

1594 West 2nd Pt. Symbol. § 100 F, I haue. .laid downe 
the doctrine of Instruments. 1666-7 Pepys Diary 16 Feb., 
[He] understands the doctrine of musique. 1667 PrimatT 
Cit: C, Build. 160 Measure the same by the Doctrine 
of Triangles. 1709-29 V. Manvey Syst. MJath., Astron. 
Pref. 248 Astronomy is a Doctrine or Science. 1754 Cuat- 
HAM Lett. Nephew 48 A.. notion of .. the solar system: 
together with the doctrine of comets. 1836-7 Sir W. 
Hamitton Metaph. (1877) I. viii, 130 Psychology therefore, 
is the discourse or doctrine treating of the human mind. 

+4, Learning, erudition, knowledge. Ods. 

¢1400 Beryn 1245 Thow art xx wynter, and nau3t hast of 
doctryne. 1483 Caxton CatoGj, The man whiche is with- 
out doctryne is like thymage of deth. 1563-7 BucHaNaNn 
Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 12 The principal to be ane 
man of. .sufficient doctrine to ae the regentis absens in 
are: x6or Suaks. Al's Well 1. iii. 247 The Schooles 
Em wel'd of their doctrine. 

+5. Discipline. Obs. rare. 

wity Ler Niger in Househ. Ord. 78 These officers should 
be marked and ordered after theyre .. behavioure .. or elles 
to be at the doctryne conveniente in the countynghouse. 

~ «1533 Lv. Brrners-Gold, Bk. M, Aurel. (1546) Pv, The 
doctrine of sones and doughters was enlarged, and theyr 
bridell let go at libertee. 

6. attrib. and Comb. 

@1716 Sourn Ser. V. 31 To give those doctrine and use- 
men, those pulpit-engineers their due. 1879 BArinc-Goutp 
Germany 11. 194 When the exci of doctri hi 
was over, the laity grew listless. is 

+ Doctrine, v. Ods. [a. OF. doctrine-r, ad. 
med.L. doctrinare, f. doctrina: see DocrRinatE.] 
trans. a. To teach or instruct (a person) ; b. To 
teach, give instruction in (a science, etc.). 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 77 Henry duke of Lancastre..had sent 
tohym. .yong knightis, to be doctrined, lerned, and broughte 


573 


up..in scole ofarmes. 1530 PAtsGR. 523/2, He hath ben well 
doctryned: 7 @ esté fort bien endoctriné. 1549 Compl. 
Scot. vi. 46 Phisic, astronomye and natural philosophie, var 
fyrst prettikit and doctrinet be vs. 1648 Gace West [nd, 
xvii. (1655) 112 They doctrined me as a novice. 

Hence Doctrined f//. a. 

1627 W. Sciater Ex. 2 Thess. (1629) 137 Take view of 
their doctrined practises, in deuotion to God, Carriage to 
men, to our selues. 

Doctrinism (dg ktriniz’m). [f. Docrrine sd. 
+-1sM.] Adherence to, or setting forth of, doc- 


trine. So Do‘ctrinist, one who propounds, or 
adheres to, doctrine. 

1840 G. S. Faser Regeneration 328 Our aim is to be 
Primitive, not Tridentine, Doctrinists. 1872 TuLtocu 
Ration, Theol. 1. ii. 43 The most memorable exception to 
this fair and conciliatory doctrinism of the Church of Eng- 
land ..is to be found in the famous Lambeth Articles. 
1883 Manch. Guard. 13 Oct. 7/4 The mere doctrinism 
of the Congress being inadequate for the requirements of 
the age. 189r G. Macponatp 7here §& Back II. xxxv. 
226 Neither ascetic nor mystic nor doctrinist..she believed 
in God. 

Doctrinize (dpktrinaiz), v.  [f. Docrrine sd. 
+ -1ZE.] intr. To form doctrines or theories; to 
speculate, theorize. Hence Doctriniza‘tion. 

1836 R. M. MeCueyne ¥rv/. in Aen. (1866) 55 The error 
of those who speculate or doctrinize about the Gospel. 
1852 Fraser's Mag. XLV. 570 Stories about animals. .are 
generally spoiled by the same mistaken doctrinization. 

+ Do‘ctrix. Obs. [a. L. doctrix, fem. of doctor 
Doctor.] A female doctor: = Docrress. 

1604 Parsons 37d 4. Three Convers. Eng. xv. 254 Alice 
Driuer, a famous doctrix, 1635 Pacitt Christianogr. 1. ii. 
(1636) 53 This country of Palestine is called..the nurse of 
the prophets, the doctrix of the Apostles. 1746 in Edgar 
Old Ch. Life Scot, (1885) 270 note, In 1746 a ‘doctrix’ was 
consulted in Galston about the recovery of a sick child. 

Document (dgkizmént), sd. [a. OF. document 
lesson, written evidence (12th-13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad. L. document-um lesson, proof, instance, 
specimen, in med.L.also written instrument, charter, 
official paper, f. docére to teach.] 

+1. Teaching, instruction, warning. Ods. 

c¢1450 Henryson Wor. ad. 58 Despysing thus her hail- 
some document, The fowles. .tuke their flight. 1503 Hawes 
Examp. Virt. Prol. iii, All that is wryten is to oure 
document. 1660 7rial Regic. 147 Punishment goes to the 
prisoner, but examples to the document of all others. 1793 
J. Witutams Life Ld, Barrymore 101, | have heard much 
document from the Grey Beards of society, delivered to 
prove [etc.]. : 

+2. An instruction, a piece of instruction, a les- 
son; an admonition, a warning. Ods. 

1549 T. Some Latimer's Serm. bef. Edw. VI, Ded., In 
them are frutefull and godlye documentes. 1620 tr. Boc- 
caccio’s Decameron 80b, These were his daily documents 
to his young wife. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 87 P 10 
‘There are..few to whom it is not unpleasing to receive 
documents. 1769 Sir J. Reynotps Disc. ii. (1876) 328 
Even bad pictures themselves supply him with useful 
documents. ¢ 1800 Lanpor in Parry's Wks. (1828) VIII. 
48, I will give him some documents which shall enlighten 
his judgment at the expence of his skin. 

+3. That which serves to show, point out, or 
prove something; evidence, proof. Chiefly with 
dependent cl. Obs., 

1459 Charters of Peebles (Burgh Rec. Soc. 1872) 132 And 
than be verray document of thaim that herd and saw the 
begyning of that bargan the gud men..fand [etc.]. 1533 
BELLENDEN Livy tv, (1822) 353 Ane notabil document, that 
pluralite of capitanis are unproffittabil in battal. 1614 
RaveicH Hist, World vy. iii. § 21. 490 This may serue as 
a document of Fortunes instabilitie. 1769 Funinus Lett. 
xxvii. P 5 Sufficient care was taken to leave no document 
of any treasonable negociation. 1847 Emerson~ Repr. 
Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 374 The best document 
of his relation to his troops is the order of the day .. in 
which [etc.]. A 

4. Something written, inscribed, etc., which fur- 
nishes evidence or information upon any subject, 
as a manuscript, title-deed, tomb-stone, coin, 
picture, etc. 

1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Document, in law, some written 
monument P Moar ana in proof of any fact asserted..The 
antiquity of the foundation of such a church is ptoved by a 
number of authentic documents. 1755 MaGEns /usurances 
I. 340 As an Authentic Document was required of the fore- 
going Declaration, I signed and sealed this to serve where 
occasion shall require. 1810 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. 
VI. 290, I had got..the emplacement of the whole French 
army of the rst June which is a very curious document and 
gives a tolerable notion of their whole force in Spain. 1850 
Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 401 These frescoes 
. have become invaluable as documents. 1877-9'F. WHar- 
ton Law of Evid. I. u. ix. § 614. 586 A ‘document’..is an 
instrument on which is recorded, by means of letters, figures, 
or marks, matter which may be evidentially used. : 

b. spec. The bill of lading and policy of insur- 
ance handed over as collateral security for a foreign 
bill of exchange ; hence document-bill. 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Document-bill, an Indian 
bill of exchange drawn on London, having as collateral 
security the bill of lading and policy of insurance on the 
Erods: against a part of the estimated value of these the 


ill is drawn. 

Document, v. [f. prec. sb.: cf. F. docu- 
menter.| +1. trans. To teach, instruct. Ods. 
1648 Scottish Mist Dispel'd 32 Upon this principle you 
document the Parliament of Fug and about the Kings 


power in making laws. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 217 ‘Vhat 
| they might be documented in all good and wholesome 


DOCUMENTATION. 
things. 1739‘R. Buty’ tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 271 The 
Monarch documents him in his Part. 


+b. To give a ‘lesson’ to; to instruct or admonish 
in an authoritative or imperious manner. Ods. 

1690 Drypen Dox Sebastian ww. ii, lam finely documented 
by my own daughter! 1778 Franxin Let. Wks. 1889 VI. 
161 Yotr letters..in which you, with magisterial “airs, 
schooled and documented me, as if I had been one of your 
domestics. 1802 Marian Moorr Lascelles 1, 126 She.. 
entreated Mrs, Carisbrook to send them [the girls] to her.. 
that she might document them. 

2. To prove or support (something) by docu- 
mentary evidence. 

171x Countrym. Let. to Curat 31 The Historical deduc- 
tion before given (sufficiently documented from your own 
Writers), 1780 Blue Blanket 4 (Jam.) This city was so 
often destroyed, her monuments and charters lost, that her 
original cannot well be documented. 1825 ANDERSON //ist, 
Ace, Kam. Fraser 79 They are documented in a charter of 
confirmation of the lands of Wester Logy. 

3. To provide with documents. a. To furnish 
(a ship) with the ‘papers’ or documents required 
for the manifestation of its ownership and cargo. 

1828 Weuster s.v., A ship should be documented accord- 
ing to the directions of law. 1848 ArnouLD Mar, Insur. 
(1866) I. 1. i. 8 By sailing his ship imperfectly or improperly 
documented, he forfeits his right to protection under the 
policy, 1884 R. Wueattey in //arfer's Mag. June 60/1 
‘To enable such vessels..to be documented and receive an 
American register, 

b. To furnish (a person) with evidence; to keep 
informed or instructed. 

1807 W. ‘l'aycorin Ann. Rev. V. 165 A..corroboration to 
the statements of that courageous and documented historio- 
grapher. 2 Nation (N.Y.)8 Sept. 187/1 It was for a 
novel..that he was ‘documenting himself’. 1894 arly 
News 20 Dec. 5/4 Statesmen who want to be, as they say 
here, ‘well documented’ to resist possible attacks. 

Ifence Documented ///. a., Documenting v//. 
sb. ; + Do‘cumentor, an indicator. 

1684 tr. dgrippa’s Van, Arts \xxxi. 277 There be many 
of smaller Animals also that claim a Prerogative in the 
Shields of great men, provided they be the Documentors of 
mischief: such as Coneys, Moles, Frogs, Locusts, Mice, 
Serpents. 1801 Mar. Encewortu Belinda (1857) 4 After 
the course of documenting which she had gone through. 
1803 W. Tayror in dun. Nev. I. 256 A full, a documented, 
a_well-proportioned account. 1886 Aswerican XII. 286 
‘There were 256 disasters to documented vessels. 

Documental (dp:kivmental, a [f. L. docu- 
ment-unt DOCUMENT 5b. +-AL.] 

+1. Pertaining to teaching or instruction ;_ in- 
structive ; didactic. Ods. 

1575 (¢/tle) Documental Sayings as those same were 
spoken forth by H[enrick] N[iclas). 1610 Huary SA Avy. 
Citte of God Vt. ii. (1620) 227 Varro..though he be not 
eloquent yet is he so documental and sententious. 

2. Of or pertaining to documents; documen- 
tary. 

1825 Corrmpce Aids Ref? (1848) 1. 277 The documental 
proofs of the same, 1883 H. M. Kennepy tr. Zen Brink's 
L. E. Lit. 37 The collection of documental material. 1892 
R. Duntop in Academy 10 Sept. 207/3, I think one ought to 
say ‘documentary’ and not ‘documental’ evidence. 

Documentary (dg:kivmentari), @. [fas prec. 
+ -ARYl; cf. F. documentatre.] 

1. Of the nature of or consisting in documents. 

1802-12 BentHam Rat, Fudic. Evid. (1827) 1.54 Docu- 
mentary evidence. 1831 CartyLE Sart. Hes. 11. iii, Various 
fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps. 1855 
Macavtay Hist, Eng. 1V.178 They were in possession of 
documentary evidence which would confound the guilty. 
1861 M. Pattison Zss. ("B9) I. 30 Going back beyond the 
printed annalists to original and documentary authorities. 

2. Affording evidence, evidential. rare. 

1843 CarLyLe Past §& Pr. 1. iii, It is an authentic. .fact, 
quietly documentary of a whole world of such. 

3. Relating to teaching or instruction. rare. 

1871 Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 52 Long before 1250 
we get traces of the documentary use of French. .Trevisa 
says it was a new thing in 1349 for children to construe into 
English in the Grammar schools. 

Hence Docume‘ntarily adv., in the way of a 
document; from a documentary point of view. 

1857 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art ii. (1868) 126 These copies.. 
would be historically and documentarily valuable. 


Documentation (dgkizmenté fan). [ad.med. 
L. documentation-em admonition, n. of action f. 
*documentare to DocUMENT.] The action of docu- 
menting or fact of being documented. 

+1. Instruction, admonition, ‘lecturing’. Ods. 

1754 RicHArRDSON Grandison VI, xxv. 143 Not another 
word of your documentations, dame Selby, I am not in a 
humour to bear them. 1844 Blackw. Mag. LV. 199 No 
end to these chartered documentations of the sex ! a 

2. The furnishing of a ship with the requisite 
‘papers’. 

1884 Harper's Mag. June 60/2 In the registration of a new 
vessel, the production. .of the certificate of measurement.. 
is required in order to documentation. : 

3. Preparation or use of documentary evidence and 


authorities. 

In reference to realistic fiction, applied to the faithful repro- 
duction of historical or objective facts. X 

1888 Athenzum 17 Mar. 342 Is art simply an affair of 
documentation, as the phrase of the day goes Spec- 
tator 23 Dec. 919/1 M. Zola..has great industry and is very 
painstaking in ‘ docothentuttiat oe Westm, Gaz. 4 July 
2/1 There is so much to read up, such documentation to be 
exercised, , > 


DOCUMENTIZE. 


+ Do‘cumentize, v. Ods. [f. Document sé. 
+-1ZE.) trans. a. To teach, instruct, give a lesson 
to. b. To furnish with evidence. Hence Do'cu- 
mentizing vd/. sdb. 

1 Nasue Lenten Stuffe 21 Those that be scrutinus.. 
let them reuolue the Digests of our English discoueries.. 
and be d ized most locupleatly. 1647 Maids’ Petition 
5 Bulcher..with his newly hatcht errors will documentise 
our Bulwarks alive or dead. 1682 Mrs. Benn City Heiress 
1, i, You'd best carry your nephew..to Church; he wants a 
little documentizing chat way. 1734 Nortu £ram. 1, iv. 
§ 122. (1740) 294 Being, as he said, it documentised. 1754 
Ricuarpson Grandison V1. xxv. 143, I am to be closetted, 
and to be documentized. _ ; 

Dod, sd.! and inter7. dial. or vulgar. 
verations; originally a deformation of God. 
Apop; also Dap, BEepDaD.) - 

1676 Ernertpce Afan of Mode u. i, A Dod she's too 
serious. 1855 Hatisurton Nat. & Hum. Nat. 60 (Bartlett 
I'll cut and run, and dot drot meif Idon't. 1892 Northumbld. 
Gloss. s.v., Dod! but yor a queer fellow! 1893 STEVENSON 
Catriona 14 And, dod ! I believe the day’s come now. 


Dod (dgd), 56.2 dial. [Cognate with early mod. 


In asse- 
(Cf. 


574 


-ard: cf. DopDLE sb., DODDEREL in same sense. 
t it may have been merely a modification of dot- 
tard, DotarD (found earlier in same sense) with 
fanciful assimilation to Don v.! and its derivatives : 
see DoppreRED.] A tree that has lost its head of 
branches by decay. In spot. attrib. = Dotan B. 2. 

1693 Drypen Persius v.(R.), Another shakes the bed .. 
Till .. chalk is in his crippled fingers found; Rots like 
a doddard oke, and piecemeal falls to ground. 

Dodded, ///. a. north. dial. [f. Dop v.1] 
Polled, lopped ; hornless ; awnless. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 125/1 Doddyd, wythe-owte hornysse 
..incornutus. Ibid. Decert, astrees. 1641 Best Farm. 
Bks. (Surtees) 6 Signes of a Goode Ewe. Lett her be 
dodded. 1674-91 Ray NV. C. Words 21 Dodded Sheep, i.e. 
Sheep without Horns. 1819 Edin. Advertiser 24 Aug. 
(Jam.), Extensive sale of improved dodded cattle. 1892 
Northumbld. Gloss., Dodded corn, is corn without beards, 

Dodder (dp'da1), 6. Also 3-6 doder. [perh. 
Common WGer., though not known in OE, 


| OS., or OHG. ME. doder=MLG. doder, dodder, 


Du. dodde in same sense (‘caulis et spica typha | 


palustris’ Kilian); also a stalk, staff, club (‘a 


little broach or spit, a reed’ Hexham).] The Reed- | 


Mace or Cat’s-tail, 7ypha latifolia. 

a 1661 Futter Worthies, Northampton 11. (1662) 290 Dods, 
Waterweeds (commonly called by children Cats Tales). 
1847-78 HALuIweLt, Dod, the fox-tail reed. North. 1864 
Alnwick Mercury 1 Mar. (Britten & Holland), Dod is the 
Reedmace (7yfha latifolia, L.)in the north of England. 
1882 Frienp Devonshire Plant-n. 

Dod, dodd, s).5 north. dial. [Evidently re- 
Jated to Dop v.!; app. a specific application 
of a sh. of which the primary sense was ‘ rounded 
head’: cf. also Doppy.] 

In North of England and South of Scotland a 
frequent term for a rounded summit or eminence, 
either as a separate hill, or more frequently a lower 
summit or distinct shoulder or boss of a hill. 

Rarely applied to a lower buttress when not rounded, as 
Skiddaw Dod. Usually es of a proper name, like 
the equivalent Welsh Moed (Fel), but also an appellative. 

(1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 248/2 (Westmoreland) Of which 
[branch] Dod Hill, Place Fell. .and Swarth Fell are summits.] 
1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Dod, a round topped fell, generally an 
offshoot from a larger or higher mountain. 1879 JENKINSON 
Guide Eng. Lakes 233 There are many hills in the district 
known by the appellation of Dodd, and they are generally 
small and attached to large mountains. 1882 J. Harpy in 
/list. Berw, Nat. Club UX. 452 Pike, crag, law, head, know, 
dod, edge, rig..predominate in the nomenclature of the 
Redesdale eminences. 1886 G. A. Lesour Geol. Northum). 
& Durh,ed. 2) 24 Sandand gravel ‘dodds’. 1892 Northumbld. 
Gloss., Dodd, a vlunt hill, a butt end of a hill. Its occurrence 
is noted thirteen times in place-names in Northumberland. . 
The truncated chimney or ventilator of a malt-kiln is called 
the kiln-dodd. 

Dod, s/.4 Sc. [Gaclic dod peevishness.] A 
slight fit of ill-humour ; sullenness, peevishness. 

1808 in Jamieson 1823 Gat Extail II. 143/ Jam.) When 
she happens, poor body, to tak the dods now and then. 
1823 Misses Cornett Petticoat Tales 1. 250 (Jam.) Her 
father has ta’en the dods at him. 

+ Dod, dodd, a. and fa. pple. Obs. 
Dopbeb, q.v. 

1449 Pecock Refr. 1. i. 135 He wole haue hise heer 
schorne of and his heed to be dod. 1641 Besr Farm, Bks. 


MHG. /oter, mod.Ger. dotter, Du. and Da. dodder, 
Sw. dodra. Similarity of form has suggested con- 
nexion with Ger. do/ter, MHG. toter, OHG. totoro, 
tutaro, MDu. doder(e yolk of an egg, as if with 
reference to the colour of the flower-clusters of 
Cuscuta europwa; but this is a doubtful conjecture.) 

1. The common name of the genus Cuscuta, N.O. 
Convolvulacex, comprising slender leafless plants, 


_ like masses of twining threads, parasitic on flax, 


clover, thyme, furze, and other plants. 

1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wiilcker 557/11 Cuscute, doder. 
1387 Sinon. Barthol. 17 ef piety Hh dint, doder. 
©1450 Alphita 154 Rasta lini ..doder uel haynde. 1551 


| Turner Herbal 1. Hvb, Doder groweth out of herbes, 


and small bushes, as miscelto groweth out of trees. 1578 
Lyte Dodoens 11. \viii. 398 Doder is a strange herbe without 
leaves and without roote, lyke unto a threed, muche gnarled 
and wrapped togither. 1640 Parkinson 7heat, Bot. 11 Wee 
call those strings generally by the name of Dodder. 1871-2 
H. Macmicran /rue Vine v. 227 The dodder. .is a mere mass 
of elastic, pale-red, knotted threads, which shoot out in all 
directions over the vine. c 

2. Applied locally to some choking or climbing 
weeds : see quots. 

1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Dodder .. the corn spurrey plant, 
Sfergula arvensis. 1884 Cheshire Gloss, s.v. Dother, In 
Mid-Ches. Polygonum Convolvulus is called dother. 

3. =Dop sé.2 dial. 

1891 Rutland Gloss., Dodders, coarse reeds and rushes in 
swampy land. 

+ Dodder, a. Ods. [f. Dop v.1] =Dopprn. 

1614 Markuam Cheap Husb. i. i. (1623) 104 Let them 
have by no meanes any hornes, for the dodder Sheepe is the 
best breeder. 1868 [see DotTEREL 3). 

Dodder (dpda1), v. [A variant of or parallel 
formation to Dapper, q.v. Cf. also Torrer.] 

1. intr. To tremble or shake from frailty. 

1617 Minsneu Ductor, Dodder grasses. .so called because 
with the least puff or blast of wind it. .doth as it were dodder 
and tremble. 1785 [E. Perronet) Occas. Verses, What is 
Life? 173 Where wisdom dodders, and where wanders 
peace. 1825 Brockett N.C. Words, Dodder, Dother, to 


| shake, to tremble; to nod, as in the palsy of decrepitude. 


Short for 


(Surtees) 99 White-wheat massledine will outsell dodd-reade | 


massledine..grey wheate and long reade will outsell dodde 
read oftentimes. 1674 91 Ray NV. C. Words 21 Dodred 
Wheat ; is red Wheat without beards. 

Dod (ded), v.! Obs. exc. dial. [ME. dodden, 
app. from the same root as Dob 5.3; cf. Doppy. 

Wedgwood compares Fris. dodd, dadde, lump, clump, 
bunch ; but the connexion is doubtful.) 

trans. Tomake the top orhead of (anything) blunt, 
rounded, or bare ; hence, to clip or poll the hair 
of (a person) ; to deprive (an animal) of its horns ; 
to poll or lop (a tree), etc. ; also fig. to behead. 

atzaag Ancr. R. 422 3e_schulen beon i-dodded [=have 
your hair cut] four siden ide 3ere, uorto lihten ower heaued. 
a 1307 /’ol. Songs (Camden) 192 Hue nolden take for huem 
raunsoun ne ware; Hue doddeth of huere hevedes, fare so 
hit fare, 1382 Wycuir Lev, xix. 27 Ne 3e shulen in rownde 
dodde heer, ne shave beerde. -— 2 Sam. xiv. 26 Onys in 
the 3eer he was doddid, for the heere heuyde hym. cx 
Promp. Parv. 125/1 Doddyn trees, or herbys, and ober lyke, 
decomo, capulo, 1683 Mrriton Vorke-sh. Dialect 6 We mun 
dod our Sheepe. Brockett N. C. Words, Dodd, to 
cut wool from and near the tails of sheep.—Doddings, the 
cuttings. Dod, to lop, as a tree, is an old word. 

Hence Do'dding vé/. sé., the action of clipping 
the hair; tonsure. 

a1a2ag Ancr. R. 14 Of ower erF .. & of ower blod 
letunge. 182g [see above]. ie ALLIWELL, Doddings, 
the fore-parts of a fleece of wool. North. 

Dod, v.2 Obs. exc. dial. [variant of Dap v.] 
trans. Yo beat, knock. 

a 1661 Futter Worthies 1. (1662) 47 Our husbandmen in 
Middlesex make a distinction between dodding and thresh- 
ing of wheat, the former being only the beating out of the 
fullest and fairest F ape} -Our comment may be said to have 
dodded the Sheriffes of several Counties. 1883 Gd. Words 
sie. -dodded our heids down on the desk, 

odart, obs. var. of Dorarp, 


+Doddard. Os. rare. [app. f. Don v.! to 
poll (trees) + -ARD; the formation being parallel to 


1894 Cornh. Mag. Mar. 285 He doddered as he spoke. 

+ 2. To nod (in sleep). Ods. 

16.. Poem (N.) She dodders all day, While the little birds 
play; And at midnight she flutters her wings. 

3. To proceed or move unsteadily or with totter- 


| ing gait; to totter; to potter. 


1819 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Life (1870) II. 58 One 


| has such pleasure in a along the hedgerows. 1862 


' about books and accounts of no great moment. 


| dotard (see Dorarp 2) in the same sense. 


SaLa Ship Chandler iii. 48 [He] was permitted sas fen 
Bs a ‘. 
tator 21 Nov. 1544 We must either set [one] up. .once and for 
all, or dodder along for another half century with our miser- 
able muddle. 1894 Mrs. H. Warp Marcedla 111. 201 Old 
Alresford, too, was fast doddering off the stage. 

Hence Do'ddering v/. sb. and pp/.a.; Do'dder- 
ing-grass, quaking-grass (Britt. & Holl.). 

1745 W. Tuomrson Sickness tv. (R.), The sailor hugs thee 
to the doddering mast. 1871 Miss Brappon Love/s xlii, A 
little old grey-headed man, who. .had an ancient doddering 
manner, 1892 Northumbld. Gloss. Dodderin'dicks, the 
quivering heads of the .. quaking grass. a 

dered (dp'daid), Af/.a. [app. originally a 
deriv. of Don z.! to poll or take the top off (a tree). 

It is not clear whether it was a contaminated form of 


| Doppep ‘polled’, or a mistaken spelling of Doppakrp sé., 


‘doddered oak’ for ‘ doddard oak’ (cf. fodlard willow); while 
the matter is complicated by the earlier use of dottard or 
In later use there 
has been unintelligent association with Dopprr sé., 
perhaps with Dovper v., and its cognates. It is doubtful 
whether senses 2 and 3 belong originally to this word.] 

1. A word conventionally used (? after Dryden) as 
anattribute of old oaks (rarely other trees) ; app. ori- 
ginally meaning: Having lost the top or branches, 
esp. through age and decay; hence, remaining as a 
decayed Eig > P icgpun explained it as ‘ Over- 
grown with dodder; covered with supercrescent 
plants’; and this explanation, which was manifestly 
erroneous, since neither dodder nor any plant like 
it grows upon trees, has been repeated in the dic- 
tionaries, and has influenced literary , in which 
there is often a vague notion of some kind of para- 
sitical accretion accompanying or causing decay. 


DODDYPOLL. 


ul 
Rots like a dodder'd Oak. 18x, Rokeby vi. iii, He 
passes now the doddered oak, Ye heard the startled raven 

H. Mitier Footpr. Creat. x. (1874) 197 Dod- 
dered t of vast size, like those of Granton Craig- 
leith. 1853 C. Bronte Vil/ette xii, Nasturtiums clustered 
beautifully about the doddered orchard giants. 1878 F. S. 
Wicuams Mid?. Railw. 2 Doddered wiles by the water- 
courses. 1880 Disraett Exdym. xxxiv, Sometimes they 
stood before the vast form of some doddered oak. 

b. as pa. pple. So Do-ddering fr. pple., be- 

coming doddered. 

1697 Dryvven neid 11. 703 Near the hearth a laurel grew, 

er'd with age [veferrima laurus). 1766 Poetry in 
Ann. Reg. 235 The doddering oaks forewarn me of decay. 

2. dial, (Cf. DoppEr v.) 

847-78 Ha utwe tt, Doddered,confused, shattered, infirm. 

ig Whitby Gloss., Dodder d, shattered, dilapidated. 

. Of persons: Decayed or impaired with age. 
1893 Stevenson Cafr, xv. 173 Auld feckless doddered men. 
Dodderel, -ril. dial. [f. Don v.!: ef. Dov- 

DERED, also DorrEREL (in same sense).] (See 
quots. ) 

1847-78 Haturwett, Dodderel,a pollard. Warw. 1881 
Leicestersh. Gloss., Dodderil, a pollard tree. 1891 Rutland 
Gloss. s.v., The boundary is by yon old dodderil oak. 

Do-dder- s. dial. [f. Dopper v.] Pro- 
perly, Quaking-grass, Briza media; also called 
doddering-grass, doddle-grass, doddering dicks, etc. 
Sometimes loosely applied locally to species of 
Bromus, Festuca, Poa, or other loose-panicled 
grasses. 

1617 [see Dopper v. 1). 
Dawther, A certain long s 
or dawther in Kent. [App. some Bromus.) 
Gloss., Doddlegrass, Briza media, or quaking ss, called 
in the north ‘doddering dick’, 1878-86 Brrrren & Hottanp 
Plant-n., Dodder Grass, Brisa media. Cumb.; Kent. 

dle (dg'd’l), 56.1 and a. Obs. exc. dial. [f. 
Dopv.1; cf. Dopparp. Whether orig. sé. or a. 
is not clear.] 

A. sb. A pollard. B. adj. Pollard, of which the 

top has been cut off. 

1601 Hoitanp Pliny xxvi. II. 251 It..groweth at the foot 
of old trees. (Jfarg. Yea also in the head of doddle oaks.) 
1887 J essor Arcady 55 Its huge hedgerow with the ‘doddles’ 
or pollards, which afforded firing for rich and poor. 

+ Do'ddle, s/.2 Ods. [f. DoppLEv.] ? A dod- 
dling or infirm person, 

1681 Otway Soldier's Fort.1.i, 1s your Piece of Mortality 
such a doting Doddle? is he so very fond of you? 

Doddle (dp-d’l}, v.  [var. of Dannie; cf. also 
Dopprr v., and with sense 2 ToppLE.] 

+1. trans. To shake, nod (the head). Ods. 

1 Uroqunart Rabelais 1. xxii. (1694) 1. 85 Mumbling 
withhis Mouth, nodding and dodling be Head. 

2. intr. To walk with short, infirm, or unsteady 
steps, to toddle ; to totter; to dawdle. 

1761 Gray Let. 24 Sept. Wks. 1884 III. 114 The old 
Rishop of Lincoln, with his stick, went doddling by the 
side of the Queen. “7 Hatuwett, Doddle, to totter; 

Fe 
S) 


1736 Pecce Kenticisms s. v. 
king-grass is called dodder-grass 
1875 Sussex 


to dawdle. North. in Lonsdale Gloss. 1875 in 
Sussex Gloss, 1884 Spectator 6 Dec. 1614 A pretty fie ° 
with a quantity of little pigs doddling about in front of her. 
Hence Do'ddled, Do-ddling //. adjs.; Do'd- 
dlish a. (dia/.), feeble, infirm. peated ‘in 
1847-78 Hauiiwett, Doddleish, feeble. Sussex. 
Sutine My Time xxxiv. 369 A doddling old father, 
1875 Sussex Gloss., ish, infirm. H. M. Dovonry © 
321 doddled old 


Our Wherry in Wendish 
kiister so bothered us. 
, doddie (dg'di), sd. [f. Don v.1] 
1. Acowor bull without horns; aéérid.= Doppep, 
as ‘a black doddy cow’. Se. 4 
1808 in Jamieson. 1827 Scorr Two Drovers ii, They 
were something less beasts than your drove, doddies most 
of them. 1892 Scott, Leader 1 Jan. 3 A very fine herd 
of the favourite ‘ Doddies’. 
+2. Shortened form of gy eee on, - 
Marr, Wit & Wisd.(N.\, Now soundly 
Tre this pa dokien ‘And make him Suaaey. 
(dp'di), a. Se. [f. Dop sb.4+-¥.] Pet- 
tish, cross, ill-tempered, 
1808 in Jamirson. 1823 Gat Zntail I. xx. 166 Colley 
is as doddy and crabbit to Watty as if he was its adversary. 


Do -pate. [f. as next +Pare.] =next. 
Sag iad Do 19 rey Made hym a es called 
ym te. 


¢€ 
h 

 Doddypoll (dp'dipdul). Obs. Forms: a. § 
dotty-, doty-, dote-, 6 doti-, dotti-, -pol(e, 
-poll(e. 8. 6 dody-, doddye-, 6- dodi-, 7-8 
doddy-, doddi-, -pole, -poll, etc. fo origin- 
ally f. Dot z. to be foolish or silly, subseq. referred 
to Don v.1, as if ‘having a dodded poll’: cf. 
roundhead.} A stupid person ; blockhead, fool. 
xgox Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 99 Zit, Dawe a . thou 
justifiest this harlotrie. cxqa2 Hoccueve A/in. Poems, 
Pres ok aan tse fee Sh oe 
haces 14g LATIMER 3rd ern. bef. dw. VI (Arb) 84 


k doddye 
. Beit Haddon's 
Dottipoll. 


our 


DODECA-. 


a Brome Exg. Moor u. i. Wks. 1873 II. 18 All the 
Sutiy-poles in Town, 1767 Sterne 77. Shandy IX. xxv, 
Shall I be called as many blockheads, numsculls, doddy- 
poles, dunderheads. 

Hence + Do'ddy-polled a. Obs. 

1708 Motteux Radelais v. xlvi, Thou doddipol’d Ninny. 

e, obs. pe t. of Do vw. 2 

Dodeca-, dodec-, Gr. 5#5exa twelve, an initial 
element in numerous technical words: see below. 
Also Dode'cafid a. [L. -fidus -cleft], divided into 

» twelve segments (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). Dodeca- 

«merousa.| Gr. vépos part |, consisting of twelve parts 

or divisions (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Do:decapa‘rtite a. 
iia! divided] =prec. Do:decape'talous 
a. ., having twelve petals, Do:decasemic a. 
Pros. (Gr. 5w5exdonpos of twelve times (in music), 
f, ofjpa sign, mark], consisting of 12 mor or units 
of time, as a dodecasemic foot. (In recent Dicts.) 

1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect. Archit. I. 197 If all sides 
had the threefold division, it would have become dodeca- 
partite. 1847 Craic, Dodecapetalous, having twelve petals. 

+ Do‘decade. Oés. Also dode‘cady. [f. Gr. 
bw5exa twelve, after Decape: cf. F. dodécade in 
Littré.] A group, set, or series of twelve. 

. ¢1624 Lusuincton Recant, Sernz. in Phenix (£708) Il. 

No. 26. 494 The 12 disciples answering the 12 patriarchs... 
that both the Testaments, the New and Old, should be 

founded upon dodecadies. 1686 Goan Ceéest. Bodies ui, ii. 

436 We have..a Dodecade of such Rarities. . 

ec (doudekadreem). Mumism. 
[ad. Gr. dwiexdSpaxpos, f. Sw5exa twelve + Spaypy 

DracuMa.] An ancient Greek gold coin of the 

value of 12 drachmas. 

1881 Atheneum 3 Dec. 748/t Of the 27 gold coins 
exhibited one is the dodecadrachm of Queen Berenice II. 

Dodecagon (doudekaggn). Geom. [ad. Gr. 
bw5exdywvor, f. 5w5exa twelve + -ywvos angled, ywvia 
angle ; cf. F. dodécagone (1690 in Hatz.-Darm.).] 
A plane figure having twelve sides and twelve 
angles. Regular dodecagon, one that has all its 
sides and all its angles equal. 

1658 Puiturs, Dodecagon (Greek), a Geometrical figure 
of 12 Angles, 186r THoRrNBuRY 7urner (1862) I. 51 He 
draws trees when he should draw dodecagons. 

Hence Dodeca‘gonal a., of or pertaining to a do- 
decagon ; twelve-sided. 

idol in Mayne Expos. Lex. 2 

|| Dodecagynia (ddu:dikadzgi-nia). Bot. [mod. 
L. (Linneus 1735), f. Gr. dudexa twelve + yur7 
woman, female, taken by Linnzeus in sense of 
‘female organ, pistil’.] An order in some classes 
of the Linnean sexual system, comprising plants 
having either eleven or twelve pistils. 

1762 in Hupson Flora Anglica. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's 
Bot, x. v0. °1857 Henrrey Elem, Bot. 1. ii. 197. 

Hence Dode‘cagyn, a plant of Dodecagynia; 
Dodecagy'nian, -gy nious, Dodeca'gynous ad/s. 

1828 WesstER, Dodecagyn, a plant having twelve pistils. 
Ibid., Dodecagy'nian, having twelve pistils. 1864 /did., 
Dodecagynous, having twelve styles. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Dodecagynious ..twelve-pistilled. 

Dodecahedral (doudikajh7-dral), a. Also 
dodecaedral. [f. DopECAHEDR-ON + -AL.] Having 
the form of a dodecahedron ; twelve-sided. 

1796 Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) 1. 207 Transparent, and 
of a dodecaedral figure. /é:d. II. 8 It often gives dode- 
cahazdral crystals. 1870 BentLry Sot. 14 In a perfectly 
regular arrangement. . we have dodecahedral cells, 

So Do:decahe'dric a. = prec. 

1878 Lawrence tr. Cotta's Rocks Class. 34 Cleavage in- 
distinct, dodecahedric. 1881 Ruskin Love's Meinie 1. iii. 
126, I retain, therefore, my dodecahedric form of catechism. 

Dodecahedron (déu:d?ka,hzdrgn). Geom. Also 
6-9 dodecaedron, 6-8-um. [a. Gr. dwexaedpov, 
neuter of Sw5exdedpos, f. Su5exa twelve + Spa seat, 
base, face. Cf. F, dodécaédre (16th c.).] 

A solid figure having twelve faces: esp. the 

regular dodecahedron, see quots. 1570, 1653. 

1570 Bittincstey Euclid x1. def. xxiv. 319 A Dodeca- 
hedron is a solide or bodily figure contained vnder twelue 
equall, equilater, and equiangle Pentagons. 1653 H. More 
Antid, Ath, u. (1662) 147 There are Five regular Bodies 
in Geometry .. the Cube, the Tetraedrum, the Octaedrum, 
the Dodecaedrum, and the Eicosaedrum. 1850 Dauseny 
Atom. The. vi.(ed. 2) 171 Phosphorus crystallizes in regular 
dodecaedrons, 1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 85 A form con- 
sisting of twelve similar rhombuses. .is..called the rhombic 
dodecahedron. 2 
|| Dodecandria (déudtkendria). Bot, [mod, 

L, (Linneeus 1735), f. Gr. dudexa twelve + dvdp-, 
stem of dvjp man, male: see DEcaNDRIA.] The 
eleventh class in the sexual system of Linnzus, 
comprising plants having from twelve to nineteen 
stamens not cohering. 

1753 CuampBers Cycl. Supp., Dodecandria ..a class of 
plants which have hermaphrodite flowers, with twelve 
stamina or male parts in each. 1762 in Hupson Flora 
Anglica, 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. ix. 89. 

ence Dodeca’nder, a plant of the class Dode- 

candria; Dodecandrian a., belonging to that 
class; Dodecandrous a., having twelve stamens, 

1806 J. Gatpine Brit. Bot. 40 Lythrum .. Flowers spiked, 
dodecandrous. 1828 WessteR, Dodecander, Dodecandrian, 
[cited from Lee]. 1870 BentLey Bot. 246 A flower having 
12 stamens is Dodecandrous. 


575 


Do‘decane. Clem. [f. Dopeca-+-anz.] A 
paraffin of the composition C,,H,,. 

1875 Watts Dict. Chem. VII. 891 Dodecane .. Boiling 
point 202° [C.]. 1877 — Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) IL. 50. 

Dodecarch, dodek- (dowd?kaik), Anc. Hist. 
[ad. Gr. dwSexapx-ns, f. dw5exa twelve + -apxns 
tuler.] One of a ruling body of twelve. 

1882-3 Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl, 1. 707 Psam- 
meticus I., one of the dodekarchs, 

eben | (dow d¢kaski).  [f. as prec. + Gr. 
-apxiarule: cf. Decarcny.] Government by twelve 
tulers or kings; a ruling body of twelve. 

1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr.1. v. § 8 So that Egypt was 
anciently a dodecarchy, as England in the Saxons’ time 
was aheptarchy, 1862 STantey Jew. Ch. (1877) I. xiii. 246 
It was..a dodecarchy, of which the supremacy passed... first 
to one tribe and then to another. 1876S. Bircu ede Lect. 
Egypt 39 Psammetichus..seized the moment to reduce the 
Assyrian Dodecarchy under his sway, 

Dodecastyle (dowd7kastail). [f. Gr. dab5exa 
twelve + o7¥Aos column. So mod.F. dodécastyle.] 
A portico or colonnade of twelve columns. 

1825 Gwitt Chambers's Civil Archit. 413 Dodecastyle,a 
Building having twelve Columns in front. 1853 Lacycé. 
Brit. II. 509/t The Chamber of Deputies in Paris has 
a true dodecastyle. : 

Do:decasy'llable. [f. Gr. 5w5exa twelve 
+SYLLABLE.} a. Pros. A line or verse of twelve 
syllables. b. ‘A word af twelve syllables’ 
(Worcester, 1846). So Dodecasylla bic a., of or 
containing twelve syllables. 

1753 Cuampers Cred, Supp. s.v. Alexandrin, Alexandrins 
are otherwise called dodecasyllables ; and are peculiar to 
the modern poetry. 1831 W. H. Mitt Christa Sangtté 
Pref. 1: Distinguishing only the Benedictus or hymn 
of Zacharias by a lyric dodecasyllable measure. 1882-3 
Scuarr Excycl. Relig. Knowl. 2286 A sermon in verse, hepta- 
syllabic, octosyllabic, or dodecasyllabic. 

+ Dodecate‘mory. Astron. Obs. Also 7 do- 
decatemorion. [ad. Gr. dwdexatnpdprov a twelfth 
part, f. dw5éxar-os, -n, -ov twelfth + pdpov picce, 
portion.] A twelfth part; aterm formerly applied 
to each of the twelve divisions of the Zodiac. 

1603 Sir C. Heypon Yud. Astrol. xviii. 374 The dode- 
catemories of the Zodiack. 1674 JeaKE Avith, (1696) Bij, 
The mildest Dodecatemorie springs In beauteous Orient. 
a1joo Creecu (J.), “Tis dodecatemorion thus describ’d : 
Thrice ten degrees, which every sign contains. 1727-5 
Cuampers Cycl., Dodecatemnory..'The term is chiefly applied 
to the twelve houses, or parts of the zodiac of the primum 
mobile ; to distinguish them from the 12 signs. 

Dode‘cuplet. d/us. [f. Doprc(a- + ending of 
OctuPLxt, etc.] ‘A group of twelve notes to be 
played in the time of eight’ (Stainer and Barrett 
Dict. Mus. Terms 188o). 

+Dodemusyd, /f/. a. Obs. rave. [The first 
element is possibly as in doddyfoll; the second 
appears to be from mzse v., in ME. to be amazed.] 

c1450 Cov. Myst. 395 Ye dodemusyd prynces faste you 
aray, Or I make avow to Mahomed youre bodyes schul 
blede. 

Doderell, var. of Dorrerer, plover. 


Dodge (dgdz), v. [Known only from 16th c.; 
origin unascertained. The primary meaning and 
sense-development are also uncertain. 

Wedgwood and Skeat compare an alleged dial. Sc. dodd 
to jog (cf. sense 11 below), which Skeat would also identify 
with the base of dodder, doddle. Vhis might perhaps pass 
for the sense, but the phonetic development is not evident ; 
cf. however sled, sledge.] 

1. intr. To move to and fro, or backwards and 
forwards; to keep changing one’s position or shift- 
ing one’s ground; to shuffle. 

1704 STEELE Lying Lover u. i. 18 Don’t stand staring, 
and dodging with your feet, and wearing out your Livery 
Hat with squeezing for an excuse. 1720 J. Quincy Hodges’ 
Hist, Acc. Plague 189 Whenever a Buboe is uncertain and 
dodges, sometimes appearing and then going back. 1750 
Phil. Trans. XLVI. 324 The Dragon fly..in a hovering 
Posture, dodging up and down in the Water. 1820 W. 
Irvine Sketch Bk. 1. 60 Whenever he went dodging about 
the village. 

+b. To use shifts or changes of position (w7/h 
a person, etc.), so as to baffle or catch him. Oés. 

1631 Mitton Univ. Carrier i. 8 He had, any time this 
ten years full, Dodged with him betwixt Cambridge and the 
Bull. 1677 W. Hussarp Narrative Postscr.7 He began 
to dodge with his pursuers. 1724 Dr For Mem. Cavalier 
1. 182 The King ., had been dodging with Essex eight or 
ten Days. 18126 Scotr O/d Mort. xxxvi, Do you think we 
can stand here all day to be turning and dodging with you, 
like greyhounds after a hare? 

ce. To move to and fro about, around, or behind 
any obstacle, so as to elude a pursuer, a missile, or 
a blow, or to get a sudden advantage of an enemy. 

1681 R, Knox Hist. Ceylon 22 Trees, about which they 
may dodg. 1756 Gentil. Mag. XXVI. 426 Dodging behind 
the mizzen mast, and falling down upon the deck at the 
noise of the enemy's shot. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1879) 
77 He was obliged to dodge round his horse. 1859 TEN- 
NENT Ceylon vu. iii. II. 331 Amongst full timber, 
a skilful runner can escape an elephant by dodging round 
the trees, 

+2. intr. To go this way and that way in one’s 
speech or action; to be off and on; to parley, 
palter, haggle about terms. Ods. 

1568 JeweL Answ. Harding’s Detect. Foul Err. in 
Def. Apol. (1611) 127 If yee doubt heereof, leaue dodging 


DODGE, 


in your note Bookes, and read S. Cyprian, and ye shall 
find it. 1577 Sranynurst Descr, [rel. iii. in Holinshed 11, 
25/1 The merchantand he stood dodging one with the other 
in cheaping the ware, 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. 1x. 
335 If the Disease go not off presently, we must not stand 
dodging, but give a gentle purging potion. a@1763 Byrom 
Careless Content (R.), For lack or glut, for loss or gain, I 
never dodge, nor up nor down. f 

b. To play fast and loose, change about de- 
ceitfully; to shufflt wi a person; to prevaricate. 

1575 J. Stiti. Gama, Gurton vy. ii. in Hazl, Dodsley 11. 
254 Fie, dost but dodge, 1614 Ravricu //ist. World vy. 
iil, § 12, 418 They did him no manner of good, but rather 
dodged with him, euen in the little courtesie which they 
most pretended. 1708 Prior 7'wrtle § SP. 109 With Fate’s 
lean tipstaff none can dodge. 1859 Smites Se//Help xiii. 
Sard 340 He does not shuffle nor prevaricate, dodge nor 
skulk. 

te. Zo dodge it: to haggle. 

1652 UrquHart Yewel Wks. (1834) 267 That frankness of 
disposition..not permitting him to dodge it upon inches 
and ells. 

3. ¢rans. To play fast and loose with; to baffle 
or parry by shifts and pretexts ; to trifle with, 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 15 Thus was 
I doggid and dodgid on everi side. 1663 J. Spencer 
Disc. Prodigies (1665) 256 Loth to be dodged and abused 
with endless uncertainties and dissimilitudes. 1697 Occas. 
Conformity 27 ‘To make the matter a Game, to dodge 
Religions, and go in the Morning to Church, and in the 
Afternoon to the Meeting. 1855 ‘TeNNyson Sea Dreams 
145 He dodged me with a long and loose account, 1868 E. 
Epwarps Kaleigh I. xxiv. 559 ‘The Crown lawyers had 
again to dodge the case..by a trick of their craft. 

4. To avoid an encounter with (a person or 
thing) by changes of position, shifts, or doublings; 
to elude (a pursuer, etc.) by shifts or sideward 
movements. 

1680 Otway C. ALarius w. ii. Wks. 1727 II. 239 Asunder 
we may dodge our Fate. 1713 Dernam Phys, Theol. iv. 


xiv. (1723) note, The Doublings of the Hare..to dodge and 
deceive the Dogs. 1893 E. B. Knicuv Where three Em- 
pires meet xxiv. 366 Rocks..would come rolling down upon 


us, and had to be nimbly dodged. 1893 Forves-Mitrcneut. 
Remin. Gt. Mutiny 19 Where blows aimed at the victims 
had evidently been dodged. 

5. To follow stealthily, and with shifts to avoid 
discovery, as by keeping behind intervening objects. 
(Cf. Doe v,. 1. 

19727 Firtvinc Love in Sev. Masg. Wks. 1775 1. 58 La. 
Promise not to dodge us. IW’, Not even to look after you. 
1814 Map. D’Arsiay Wanderer IV. 51 If they saw any 
suspicious persons dodging them. 1840 Lavy C. Bury 
Hist, Flirt xi, 1 will never quit you..1 will dodge your 
steps, - 

6. To move (a thing) to and fro, or up and down ; 
to lead (an examinee) to and fro in a subject of ex- 
amination and not straight on. 

1820 Sporting Mag. V1. 266 Two pieces of wood had been 
introduced between the hoof and the shoe; after replacing 
the shoe again the horse was dodged, and discovered to be 
perfectly sound. 1861 Dickens Gt. /-xfect. viii, He said, 
pompously, ‘Seven times nine, boy’! and how should I be 
able to answer, dodged in that way? 1880 Daily Tel. 7 
Oct., It would be absolutely childish to go on dodging the 
Fleets about from Cattaro to Volo [etc.]. 

7. intr. Change-ringing. Said of a bell rung in 
a chime, when, instead of following in its regular 
ascending or descending order, as in plain hunting, 
it is shifted one place in the opposite direction, and 
then in the next round back again to resume its 
course, until another dodge occurs. 

1684 R.H. School Recreat. 101 In this Bob, when the 
‘Treble leaves the two Hind Bells, they dodge ’till it comes 
there again, and ’till the Treble gives Way for the dodging 
again of the said two Hind Bells, the two first Bells dodge, 
but after cease dodging, when the two Hind Bells dodge. 
1872 ExtacomBe Ch. Bells Devon ii. 29. 1880 Grove Dict. 
Music s.v. Changes, The three first bells go through the six 
changes of which they are capable .. while the bells behind 
‘dodge’. 

8. intr. (techn.) To occupy positions alternately 
on the one side and the other of a medial line. 

1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Dodging, said of mortises, 
when they are not in the same plane at the hub. By spread- 
ing the butts of the spokes where they enter the hub, dodg- 
ing on each side of a median line, alternately, the wheel is 
stiffened against a lateral strain. ; : 

9. trans. Photogr. To use any artifice to improve 
(the negative) for printing. 

1883 Hardwick's Photogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor) 335 The im- 
portant operations of ‘dodging’ and ‘printing-in’. 1889 
Anthony's Photogr. Bulletin (U.S. A.) 11. 349 That ‘dodg- 
ing’ had been resorted to to make the tree print well. 

10. trans. Salt-making (Cheshire). (See quot.) 

1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dodging, salt-making term. Knock- 
ing scale off the plates over the fire. 

1. ¢rans. and intr. (dial.) To jog (see quots.). 

1802 SippaLp Chron. Sc. Poet. Gloss. (Jam.), Dodge, to 
jog, or trudge along. 1825 Brockett N. C. Wds., Dodge, 
to jog, to incite, 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dodge, (1) to jog, 
incite. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dodge-on, to go along, 
making the best of an affliction...‘ Hey ! it a bad job, but Ah 
mun dodge-on somehoo or other ’, 

+12. évans. To insinuate zwto by a dodge. Ods. 

1687 R. L’Estrance Answ. Diss. 47 A Paradox of Con- 
science Dodg’d into a Popular Scheme of Government ! 


D ‘e (dpdz), sd.) [f. prec. vb.] 

+1. The act of slipping aside so as to elude a 
person or thing; the ‘slip’, the ‘go-by’. Ods, or 
dial. 


DCDGE, 


1578 J. Stitt Gamm. Gurton u. i. in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 
193 Phere was a fouler fault, my Gammer ga’ me the ane 
Wily Beguiled ibid. 1X. 256 Shall I trouble you so far 
as to take some pains with me? I am loth to have the 
dodge. 1749 Fiecpinc Tom Fones vu. iv, 1 was hard run 
enough by your mother for one man; but after giving her 
a dodge, here’s another..follows me upon the foil. 1880 
Maus. Parr Adam & Eve II. 116 He was forced to avoid 
him by giving a sudden dodge to one side. 

2. A shifty trick, an artifice to elude or cheat. 

1638 Featty Strict. Lyndom. 1. 201, I have beate the 
lesuit heretofore out of this dodge, 1681 H. More £x/, 
Dan. Pref. 64 To put a dodge upon the Protestants to 
weaken their Faith. 1 Dickens Pickw. xvi, ‘ It was all 
false, of course?’ ‘ All, sit’, replied Mr. Weller, ‘ reg*lar do, 
sir; artful dodge.’ 1860 Bricut Sf. Church Rates 27 Apr., 
I am altogether against any kind of dodge by which thi 
matter may be. .settled. : 3 

8. collog. and slang. A clever or adroit expedient 
or contrivance (cf. ¢7ick in similar use): vulgarly 
extended to a machine, a natural phenomenon, etc. 

1842 E, FitzGerarp Lett. (1889) I. 111 The alternation 
of green and corn crops is a good dodge. 
Pendennis xxix, [They] have many harmless arts .. and 
innocent dodges (if we may be permitted to use an excellent 
phrase that has become vernacular since the appearance of 
the last dictionaries) 1855 SmepLey 7. Coverdale iii, I'd 


start to America, and do Niagara, and all the other | 
Lp. Matcsespury Memoirs | 


picturesque dodges [etc.]. 1867 
of an E-x-Minister (1884) 11. 376 To show us how to light 
a good fire by some dodge of lighting the wood at the back. 

. Change-ringing. See quot. 1584, and cf. 
DODGE wv. 7. 

1684 R. H. School Recreat.93 The. .Meaning of a Dodge 
is this; any Bell that is coming down, and is to make a 
Dodge, must move up again one Bell higher, and any Bell 
that is going up, and is to make a Dodge, must come down 
one Bell lower, and then up or down as the Course of such 
Bell requires. 1880 Grove Dict. Music s.v. Changes, In 
change-ringing terms, the 4th and sth [bells] are said to 
‘make places’, and the 2nd and 3rd are said to make a 
* double dodge’. 

Dodge, 54.2 north. dial. A large irregular piece, 
a lump. 

1562 Wills § Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 207, j dodge of 
iron viij4, Fowr axesxvj'. 1825 Jamieson, Dodge, a pretty 
large cut or slice of any kind of food. Dodge/, a large piece 
orlump. [1895 Still in use.] 

Dodger (dpdza1). [f. DoncE v. + -ER1.] 

1. One who dodges, in various senses of the vb. ; 
in early use, esf. a haggler; later, esf. one who 
practises artful shifts or dodges. 

1568 T. Harpinc Detect. Foul Err. 226 By this a man 
may know what a Dodger you are, and whence your great 
bookes procede. 1598 Fiorito, Auarone; a pinch penie, a 
paltrer, a dodger, a miser, a penie father. 1611 Corar., 
Cagueraffz, a base micher, scuruie hagler, lowsie dodger. 
1704 Hearne Duct, Hist. (1714) I. 156 Tacitus has no good 
Morals; He is a great Dodger. .he always speaks more out 
of Policy than according to Truth. 1824 Scorr S¢. Ronan's 
xxviii, “A shy cock, this Frank Tyrrel .. a very complete 
dodger !.. 1 shall wind him, were he to double like a fox.’ 
1838 Dickens O. 7wist viii, Among his intimate friends he 
was better known by the sobriquet of ‘ The artful Dodger’. 

2. U.S. A hard-baked cor-cake. 

I Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iv, Corn-cake, in all its 
varieties of hoe-cake, dodgers, muffins. 
13 May 327/1, I prospered rarely in the South on ‘dodgers’. 

3. U.S. A small handbill or circular. 

1884 Fargo (Dakota) Broadaxe 7 Apr., With dodgers of 
warning distributed at the different polling-places. 1888 
Boston® Frnl. 11 Feb. 5/4, I never in my life used such 
a thing as a poster, a dodger or a handbill. 

4. Salt-making. (See quot.) Cf. DoDGE v. 10. 

1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dodger, salt-making term; a long- 
headed hammer with a lon 
the scale or incrustations of lime or dirt on the pan bottoms 
when the pan is at work ; also called Dodging Hammer. 

Dodgery (dgdzeri). [f. Donce v. or sd. + -ERY.] 
The employment of dodges; trickery. 

a a acket Abp, Williams 1. (1692) 98 When he had 

ut this dodgery aay upon those at London, 1865 

ICKENS Mut, Fr. 111.i, What dodgery are you up to next? 

Do'dging, v/. sb. [f. Dopcr v.+-1ne1,.] The 
action of the verb DonaE, in various senses, 

1593 7edl-Troth’s N. Y. Gift 16 The dodging of an old 
beldam. a1677 Barrow Serm. Upright Walking Wks. 
1687 I. 65 Versatile whifflings and dodgings .. and the like. 
1880 Grove Dict. Music s.v. Changes, At the end of each 
six changes one of the bells going up to take part in the 
dodging, and another coming down to take its place in the 
changes. 

Do: , ppl.a. [f. as prec.+-ING*.] That 
dodges, in the various senses of the verb. 

1625 W. ens ae by Faith (1629) 148 Tricks of 
wit and dodging Distinctions to avoid the accusations of 
conscience. 1648 Mitton Zenure Kings (1649) 30 Som 
dodging Casuist with more then sinceritie. 1 
Somervitte Chase 1v. 115 The Brakes Where dodging 
Conies sport. 1775 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 63 Their irreso- 
lute and dodging motions. 1880 Grove Dict. Music s.v. 
Changes, The bells. .have a dodging course. 

Hence Do‘dgingly adv., in a dodging manner. 

1599 Minsnev, Cavilosaménte, dodgingly, contentiously, 


deneniull , fraudulently. 
Dodging, var. of Dorcurx, Chinese steelyard. 


peter (dg'dzi), a. [f. Doper sb.1+-¥1,] Full 

of or addicted to "dodges ; evasive, tricky, artful. 
Hence Do‘dgily adv. ; Do'dginess. 

1861 Wynter Soc. Bees 237 Beggars divide themselves in 

1 classes ;—the h poetical, the senti- 

mental, the dodgey, and the sneaking. 1870 Furnivatt. in 


Bk. Curtasye 698 in Babees Bk, marg., A towel folded 


handle, used for knocking off | 


576 


are on everybody's 

pate, -pole, var. Doppypats, -PoLL, Ods. 
(dg'dkin). Forms: 5 doydekyn, doy- 
kyn, 6 dodkyn, 6-7 (9) dotkin, 6-9 dodkin, (7-9 
doitkin). [15th c. doydekyn, doykyn, a. MDu. 
duytken, dim. of duyt, doyt: see Dorr.]} 

1. An early name for the Dorr, a small Dutch 
coin. Hence, any coin of very small value. 

Only //ist. after 1600, except in proverbial phrases. 

1415 Act 3 Hen. V, c. 1 § 2 Les Galyhalpens & la Moneie 
appelle Seskyn & Doydekyn. /did. yhalpens, Seskyns 
ou Doykyns. cxsso Dice-Play (Percy Soc.) 27 He that 
will not stoop a dodkin at the dice. 1 STANYHURST 
Descr, Irel.in Holinshed V1. 23 At the dt =, his maioraltie 
he owght no man a dotkin. 1606 Hottanp Sueton. 79 
Brasen Dodkins or mites called Asses. a 
., Dotkins, a kind of coine. [ed. 1672 Doitkin, a 
‘oine, prohibited by 3 H. 5. cap. 1. Hence probably 


Int 
base 


| we retain that phrase when we would undervalue a man, 


1849 THACKERAY | 


1882 Garden | 


» De 


to say, He is not worth a Doit or Doitkin.]) 1674 Jeaxe 
Arith. (1696) 77 Some ,.divide the Farthing into 2 Ques, the 
yi into 2 Cees, the C into 2 Dodkins, 1881 Durrirtp Dox 
Quix. 111. xxvii. 206, I did not care two dotkins. 


2. a. A bud. b. A pistil. 


[{Perh. not the same word. In b perh. adim. of Dop%, Du. | 


dodde gay r : ee 

1578 Lyte Dodoens m1. 1x. 400 Smal ins or springes, 
which are the beginning of leaues. /dd. v. xxvii. 585 The 
flower..with a yellowe 
middle. : 

Do'dman. Now dial. [Origin unknown: 
connexion with Don sé.3 has been suggested. Other 
local names are hodman-dod, hoddy-doddy.] A snail. 

c1sso Bate A. Yohan (Camden) 7 Yt is as great pyte to 
se a woman wepe, As yt is to se a sely dodman creepe. 
1625 Liste Du Bartas, Noe 149 Two crooked lines, One 
like a crawling shake, one like a dodman twines. 1 
Bacon Sylva § 732 [Animals] that cast their Shell, are; 
The Lobster, the Crab, the Crafish, the Hodmandod or 
Dodman, the Tortoise. 1633 Ames Agst, Cerem. 1. 28 
Time..to pull in the hornes of this dodmons accusation. 
1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. 125 A Snayl or Dodman..is 
not only not warm, but to our feeling, very cold. 1674 Ray 
S. & E. C. Words 65 A Dodman: a shell-snail or Hod- 
mandod, Nor/. 1848 
Dodman’, said Mr. Peggotty, by which he meant snail. 

Dodo (dodo). [a. Pg. doudo simpleton, fool, 
as adj. silly.] An extinct bird, Didus ineptus, 
belonging to the order Co/umbide, formerly in- 
habiting the island of Mauritius ; it had a massive 
clumsy body, and small wings of no use for flight. 

1628 E. ALtHam Lett. to Sir Edw. Altham 18 June in 
Proc. Zool. Soc. (1374) 448 A strange fowle, which I had at 
the Iland mauritius, called by y° portingalls a DoDo. 
Ibid. (P. S.] Of mr pe you shall receue a iarr of ginger.. 
and a bird called a DoDo, if it live. 1634 Six T. Hersert 
Trav. 347 Mauritius. .here and here only and in Dygarroys, 
is generated the Dodo [1638 a Portuguize name it is, and 
has reference to her simplenes] which for shape and rare- 
nesse may Antigonize the Phoenix of Arabia. 1638 /did. 21 
Like the Dodoes wings, more to looke at, then for execution. 
¢16g0 H. L’EstrancE in Sloane MS. 1839. 5, If. 54 About 
1638, as I walked London streets, I [saw] the picture of 
a strange fowle hong out upon a cloth .. went in to see it. 
It..was a great fowle, somwhat bigger then the largest 
Turkey Cock .. The keeper called it a Dodo. 1688 R. 
Hotme Armoury u. 289/1 A Dodo, or Dronte. .doth equal 
a Swan in bigness. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. //ist. mm. 1. vii. 
ep 2 Three or four dodos are enough to dine a hundred 
men. 1832 De La Becue Geol. Man. (ed. bas 1896 F. 
Hatt in Nation (N. Y.) LXII, 157/2 If he has not indeed 
gone the way of the dodo and the dinotherium. 

attrib. 1874 Liste Carr Fud. Gwynne II. viii. 177 He 
belongs to the Dodo race of real unmitigated... Toryism. 

Dodonzan, -ean (ddudonian), a. Ae 
s,a. Gr, Awdevaios, f. Awdavn ona. ] 
Of or pertaining to Dodona in ancient Epirus, 
where there was a famed oracle of Zeus situated 
in a grove of oaks, Also +Dodonian (doddu'nian), 

1569 Spenser Visions of Bellay v. in Theat. Worldlings, 
Then I behelde the faire Dodonian tree, 1632 Litucow 
Trav. 1. 5 The Thespian spring, Where chatring birds, 
Dodonean trees do sing. 1851 THorrau A utinn 84 There 
is mast for me too. .this Dodonean fruit. z 

+ Dodrantal, a. Os. rare—°. [ad. L. dédrin- 
tal-is, f£. dédrans nine-twelfths or three-fourths of 
a weight or measure.] 

Lount Glossogr., Dodrantal, of nine ounces or nine 
inches in length or weight. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dodrantal, 
consisting of nine inches, three fourths of a foot. 

Doe (déx). Forms: 1 da, 2-6 do, (3 f/. don), 
4-7 doo, 5-6 Sc. and north, da, (6 dooe, 7 doa), 
6- doe (Sc. dae). 

(OE. dé is thought by some to be a contracted form, cog 
nate with OHG. éme, damo wk. masc., MHG. tame, G. 
dam- (in damhirsch, damwild), a, L. dima, damma f., 
sometimes m., fallow deer, buck, doe ; but there are serious 
difficulties. See Pogatscher Gr. Lat. u. Rom, Lehnworte 
im Alteng 


Z. § 302.) , 
1, The female of the fallow deer; applied also to - 


the female of allied animals, as the reindeer. 


| venison. 


jodkin or Pestil, lyke golde in the | 


DOFF. 
the hart. J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 127 He 
tooke it fora where it was more likely some. . > 
1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland 130 These horns are 
to the [ , the Doe having m 
fewer branches. 


1810 Scorr 


s covert cowered the doe. 
+b. Apieed cally to both sexes, like L. 
dama. "ence doe-buck, a male deer. 

c Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 759 Hic damus, a 
dobuk. Hic vel hec dama,a doo. 

2. The female of the hare or rabbit; sometimes 
dial, of other animals, e.g. the rat. 

1607 Torseit Kour-f. Beasts (1658) 87 One that tame 
Conies .. had Does which littered heen, at. a i and 
within fourteen daies after, they littered four more. 1741 
Compl. Fam, Piece ui. i. They are distinguished by the 
Names of Bucks and + aad the Males ate wanally 
call'd Jack Hares. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. 11. 99 
A doe {rabbit] when suckling, will drink milk. 

3. altrib., as doe-buck, -cony, -deer, -leather, 
-venison ; made of DoESKIN, as doe trousers. 

¢ 1488 Golagros & Gaw. 226 Thay drive on the da deir be 
dalis and doun. ny me 1b). 16x Cotcr., Radolliere, 
a Rabbets neast; the hole wherein a Doe Conie keepeth her 
young ones. 1747 Phil. Trans. XLV. 572 The Skin drew 
or stretch'd like a Piece of Doe-Leather, 1819.Pantologia 
s.v., Doe venison is not equal in estimation with buck 
1844 Advt. in /idustr. Lond. News 22 June 407/3 
Plain doe trousers, 17/6. 

Doe, obs. form of Do, DoucH. 

Doe-bird, var. of DovuGH-BIRD. “ 

Doel(e, obs. early f. Doe sé.2, grief, mourning. 

Doen, obs. form of done: see Do v. 

Doer (diz-a1). Also 4-6 doar, 5 doere, 6 dow- 
ar(e, 6-7 dooer. [f.Dov.+-ER!.] 

1. One who does; one who performs some act or 
deed ; an actor, agent. 

3 . Cursor M. 28773 (Cott. G.) Els vnmedeful es pe dede, 
and makes to be doer no mede. 1382 WycuiF Jas. i. 22 Be 
je doers of the word and not herers oneli, 1561 T. Hosy 


96 A doe most beautifi 
of L..1. iii, Close in her 


| tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer 1. G iij, In — they are all 


Dickens Dav. Copp. vii, ‘I'ma reg’ lar 


most excellent dooers. 1594 Suaks. Rich. > 1. ii, 352 
Talkers are no good dooers. 1623 Cockeram, Actresse, a 
woman-doer, 1738 Swirt Pol. Conversat. 8 Doers are 
ill Deemers. 1832 Ht. Martineau Weal or W. iii. 28 Sym- 


| pathy affords great advantage to the doers of mischief. 


| 3966 


2. One who acts on behalf of another; an agent, 
factor, manager ; an attorney. Now coy Se. 

1465 MS. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 388 He sal 
the ‘saidis py: ICT Sir Sree or yair 

Act 8 Eliz. c.7§2 No maner er or persons 

1. .exercyse or frequent the sayd peel. geet have an 
Factor or Doer for hym or them in the same, 1721 Wod- 
row Corr. 11. 603, I had the eleven pounds from the Ear! 
of Kilmarnock’s doer. 138 J. Loutnian Form of Process 
(ed. 2) 44 Before the y of Compearance, Lord 
Advocate, or his Depute, give in the Indictment. .to the 
Clerk of Court, that the Prisoner's Doer may have an Oppor- 
tunity of seeing the same. 1870 Ramsay Xemin. vi. (ed. 
18) 232 In Scotland it is usual to term the law-agent or man 
of business of any ty his ‘doer’, oe 
Catr. 97 I'm doer for in and for James Glens, 

3. (with qualifying adj.) A horse or other animal 
that ‘ does’ or thrives (well or ill) : see Do v. 18. 

1865 Even. Standard 6 Mar., He..is a rare doer, never 
having been sick nor sorry since the week he was foaled. 
4. slang. One who ‘does’ or cheats another. 

1840 New Monthly brn dhe 47 (School Masters] are 

-boys’, but regular 


not merely ‘do-the-boys of their parents. 
1862 A. K. H. Bovp Recreat. Country Parson 114 The 
trickster has been tricked—the doer done. 


Does, g. pres. ind. of Do v. 
Doeskin (dé«skin). [f. Doz +Sxrn sé.] 

1, The skin of a doe. , 

1456 Churchw, Acc. Tintinhull (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 187 
It. in una pelle de doeskyne pro eisdem libris vij‘. 
pth eege — XXV. 5 oe oe 

nes. 1 

A lege van of B= Buck and 


Lond. Gas. No. A of Doe-Skin Breeches, 
with Brass Buttons. ey Ma, A Pale of Il. 437 Thick, soft, 
and elastic leather, such as doe or skin. 

2. A highly-finished closely-cut thick black cloth, 
twilled, but dressed so as to show very little of the 
twill. 

Believed to have been so named as 
less stout cloth than that called ‘ 
breeches took the place ick. 
Pr Juries Gt. Exhib, 35% 

ins. 1874 Knicur Dict. 
width fine len cloth for men’s wear, 

Doff (def), v. Pa. t. and 
co form of do off: see 


Doest (d#ést), 2nd sing. ind. of Do w., q.v. — 
pple. doffed 


D. 47+ 


AFF Vv. 
In ordinary colloquial in north of England in 
Scot. Elsew! since x6eh c., a literary word an 


archaic flavour. itasa 
obnson, as ‘in all its sen: bsolete, and scarcely used 
; ‘rustics’. In xgth cy since the time of Scott, very 


cxrooo AEtrric Gr. (Z.) 39 D cl bse! at le oo 
cx . Eng. Leg. 1. 393/12 
and oa. Wasp Pen, 


uent in literary use.] 
| whe To put off or take off from the bo 
(clothing, or anything worn or borne) ; to take 
or ‘raise’ (the head-gear) by way of a salutation or 
Cee oe Te Paar os4s Dot tise tere: a 
Fone Roxb.) exv. rod He plies A are 


— 


mea 
ite 
Poems (Rolls) 11. 107 The sacred host..to whiche we knele 


ae ee 


DOFF.. 


and doffe our hodes. 1483 Cath. Angi. 103/1 To Doffe, 
exuere. ¥ Suaxs. ohn ut. i. 128 Thou weare a Lyons 
hide ! doffit for shame. 1596 Spenser J. Q.v1. ix, 36 Calidore 
. .doffing his bright armes, himselfe addrest In shepheards 
weed. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xi. (1626) 259 Then 
made him d’off those weeds. 1714 Gay Sheph. Week 1, 21 
Upon a rising Bank I sat adown, Then doffd my Shoe. 
1768 Beattie Minstr. 1. xxxv, The little warriors doff the 
targe and spear. 1808 Scorr Marm. vi. xi, Doffed his 
furred gown, and sable hood. 1859 Tennyson Enid 1444 
The..Earl..cast his lance aside, And doff'd his helm. 

+b. Const. off; also zn¢r. with with. Obs. rare. 

2a1400 Morte Arth. 1023 Pow doffe of thy clothes, And 

knele in thy kyrtylle. 1643 [see Dorrinc v7. sd.]._ 1764 
Foote Mayor of G.u. Wks. 1799 1. 186 If you will doff with 
your boots, and box a couple of bouts. 

e. absol. To raise one’s hat (40 a person). rare. 

1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., To look full on a 
Great man standing in my way, and not to vouchsafe him 
worth Doffing to, 1833 Tennyson Goose 19 The grave 
churchwarden doff’d, The parson smirk’d and nodded. 

2. refl. To undress oneself, put off one’s clothes. 
Also jig. Now only dzal. 

1697 De ta Pryme Diary (Surtees) 150 The quaker doffs 
him stark naked, and takeing a burning candle in his hand he 
foes tothechurch. [1838 J. Scuotes Lanc, Witches in Har- 
and Z. Lyyics (1865) 133 ‘ Hie thi whoam an’ doff thi.’] 

3. transf. and fig. To put off as a dress or cover- 
ing; to throw off, lay aside; hence (in wider 
sense), to do away with, get rid of (anything 
associated with oneself), + Also with A (obs.). 

1sg2 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. ii. 47. 1599 B. Jonson Ev. 
Man out of Hum.v.v, He..oftentimes d’offeth his owne 
nature and puts on theirs, 1605 SHaks, AZacé. 1v. iii. 188 
Your eye..would create Soldiours, make our women fight, 
To doffe their dire distresses. 1628 Earte Microcosme., 
SS ae Countrey Kut. (Arb.) 38 He ha’s doft off the name 
of a Clowne. 1854-6 Patmore Angel in Ho. 1. 1. x. (1879) 
237 Love .. doffgd at last his heavenly state. 1867 Bp. 

‘orBes Zr. 39 Art. ii, (1881) 29 The Word is said to have 
donned human nature, never more to doff it. 

+ 4. To put (any one) off (with an excuse, etc.) ; 
to turn aside: cf. DAFF v.2 2. Ods. 

1622 Shaks. Oth. 1. ii. 176 (Qo. 1) Euery day thou dofftst 
[Fod. 1, dafts] me with some deuise, Iago. «@ 1637 B. Jon- 
son Sad Sheph. 1. ii, They. .strew tods’ hairs, or with their 
tails do sweep The dewy grass, to do’ff the simpler sheep. 
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 67 They doffed us off as 
long as they could, and then locked up thgir doors. 

5. Textile Manuf. a. To strip off the slivers of 
wool, cotton, etc., from the carding-cylinders. b. 
To remove the bobbins or spindles when full to 
make room for empty ones. See Dorrer. 

1825 [see Dorrine vé/. sb. b]. 1851 Art Frul. Catal, Gt. 
Exhib. p. iv **/2-This .. instrument doffs the cotton in a 
fine transparent fleece. 1864 R. A. ArnoLp Cotton Fam. 
33 Spinners .. have, in technical language..to ‘doff the 
cops’; in other words..to remove and relieve the spindles 
of ed spun yarn, 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 
356/2. 

+ Doff, sb. Obs. rare—'. 
of doffing ; a ‘ put off’. 

1606 Wily Beguiled in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 276 Lelia has 
e’en given him the doff here. 

Doffer (dg'for). [f. prec. vb.] One who or that 
which doffs. 

1. In a carding machine, a comb or revolving 
cylinder which ‘doffs’ or strips off cotton or wool 
from the ‘ cards’ ; a doffing-cylinder. 

1825 [see Dorrinc vé/. sb, b]. 1842 Biscnorr Woollen 
Manuf. U. 392 When it has passed over the last cylinder 
on to the drum, it is taken from it by a cylinder somewhat 
larger than the workers, and called a doffer. 1 . Watts 
Brit. Manuf. U1. 134 The doffer or doffing cylinder. 

attrib, 1825 J. Reruoi sot Operat. Mechanic 380 The 
main cylinder. .is soon covered with cotton, and is divested 
of it by the doffer cylinder. 1854 ///ustr. Lond. News 
5 Aug, 118/4 Occupations of the People. , Doffer-plate maker. 
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 969 The doffer-knife or comb for 
stripping the fleecy web from the doffer. 

2. A worker employed in removing the full bob- 
bins or spindles: see quot. 1894. 

1862 /dlustr. Lond. News XLI. 558/3 The Throstle Doffer. 
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 989 This loss of time, as well as 
the labour of the ‘doffers’, is abolished. 1894 Labour 
Commission Gloss., Doffers, boys or ced from 12 to 15 
years. .employed to take off the full bobbins and to replace 
them on the throstle or ring frames by empty ones. 

(dg'fin), vd. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1.] 
‘The action of the verb Dorr. a. The putting or 
taking off of clothing, etc. 

1606 Hottanp Sueton. 231 To doe him the that he 
might have the D’offing of hershoes. 1643 G. WILDE Sev. 
St. Maries, Oxford 17 Vhose..who think a little d’offing off 
the Hat.,Reverence enough for the Lords Annoynted ; do 
not they mags him_of his Divinity? 1847 Emerson 
Poems, Song Nature, Too much of donning and doffing. 

b. Textile Manuf.: see Dor¥ v. 5 and Dorrer. 

Doffing cylinder: a cylinder clothed with cards which 
takes off the fibres from the teeth of the main cylinder of a 
bem | machine. Doffing knife: a steel blade with finel 
toothed edge, which takes off the carded wool from the teet 
of the doffer. So Dofing-plate. 

1825 J. NicHotson Oferat. Mechanic 380 The doffer or 
taker-off, having affixed to it the steel comb called the 
doffing-plate. Art Frul. Catal, Gt, Exhib. p. iv **/2 
A fine fleece of cotton. .shorn or combed off from the opposite 
side of the cylinder by the + ect 4 action of the Yoffin 
knife. /éd., Asmaller drum card..called the doffer (stri <a 
or doffing cylinder. .covered..with fillet cards. 1875 Ure's 
Dict. Arts 1. ag Bebo of the most recent improvements 
in the sthrostle is that of Bernhardt’s ‘doffing- 
motion °. 


Vo, Ill. 


[f. prec. vb.] An act 


577 


Dog (deg), sb. Forms: 1 docga, 3-7 dogge, 
(3,6 doggue, 6 Sc. doig), 6-8 dogg, 3- dog. 
[late OE. docga (once ina gloss) = previous history 
and origin unknown. (The generic name in OE., 
as in the Teutonic langs. generally, was hund: 
see Hounp.) So far as the evidence goes, the 
word appears first in English, as the name of | 
a powerful breed or race of dogs, with which the 
name was introduced into the continental languages, 
usually, in early instances, with the attribute 
‘English’, Thus mod. Du. dag, late 16th c. dogge | 
(‘een dogghe, vn gros matin d’Engleterre, cazzzs 
anglicus’, Plantijn 7hesaur. 1573), Ger. dogge, in 
16-17th c. dock, docke, dogg (‘englische Dock’, 
Onomast. 1582, ‘ eine englische Docke’, 1653), LG. 
dogge, Da. dogge, Sw. dogg; F. dogue (‘le genereux 
dogue anglais’, Du Bellay 15..), It., Sp., Pg. dogo, 
Pg. also dogue; in all the languages applied to 
some variety or.race of dog.] 

I. The simple word. 

1. A quadruped of the genus Cazzs, of which 
wild species or forms are found in various parts 
of the world, and numerous races or breeds, 
varying greatly in size, shape, and colour, occur 
in a domesticated or semi-domesticated state in 
almost all countries. These are referred by zoolo- 
gists to a species C. familiaris ; but whether they 
have a common origin is a disputed question. 

c1050 Prudentius Glosses (Recd. 148/1) [Gloss to] cannume 
[gen. pl.] docgena. a12z5 Ancr, KR. 288 His [the devil's] 
ted beod attrie, ase of ane wode dogge. Dauid, ine sauter, 
cleoped hine dogge. /#i:d. 290 Pet tes dogge of helle kumed. 
cr1ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 307/281 A teie doggue. ax3o0 
Cursor M. 13658 (Cott. & G.) Pai scott him als a dog Right 
vte o pair synagog. 1393 Lanai. P. P/. C. x. 261 Thi dogge 
dar nat berke. 1460 Carcrave Chron. (1858) 281 Thei seide 
pleynly that it was no more trost to the Pope writing than 
toadoggetail. 1568 Titney Disc. Mariage D He b, Dogs 
barke boldely at their owne maisters doore. 1 3. YOUNG 
Guazzo's Civ. Conv. v.179 Like the Sheepheards good Dog. 
16or SHaxs. 7wel, N. u. iii. 154 If I thought that, Ide 
beate him like a dogge. 1686 Horneck Craucif. Jesus xxii. | 

| 
| 


| 
| 
| 
| 


682 ‘The dog teaches thee fidelity. 1732 Pore Ass. Mav1. 
112 His faithful dog shall bear him company. 1869 W. P. 
Mackay Grace & Truth viii, The dog in the East is not 
as here domesticated, but .. outside the cities, is more like 
a wolf prowling for prey. i 

+b. Used sfec. as the name of some particular 
variety ; see quots. Ods. 

1398 ‘Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. xxvi. (1495) 786 A 
gentyll hounde. . hath lesse flesshe thana dogge and shorter 
heere and more thynne. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 125/1 Dogge, 
shyppe-herdys hownde, gregarius. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 
Dogge, a mischevous curre, dogue. 

ec. esp. A dog used for hunting ; a hound. 

@ 1307 Pol. Songs (Camden) 239 A doseyn of doggen Ne 
myhte hyre drawe. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. RK. xvitt. 
cili, (1495) 847 Brockes..ben huntyd and chassyd wyth 
hunters dogges. ?¢1475 Hunt. Hare 26 Ychon of hus hase 
a dogge or too; For grehowndes have thou nocare. 1649 Bp. 
Reynocps Hoseaiii. 38 The Dogge in hunting of the Deere. 
1748 N. Satmon Comp. Univ. 14 Some gentlemen of the 
‘Town always keep a Pack of Dogs. 

d. fig.; esp. in Shaksperian phr. the dogs of 
war. | 

@ 1225 [see 1]. x60r Suaks. Ful. C. m. i. 273 Caesars 
Spirit ranging for Reuenge, With Ate by his side. .Shall in 
these Confines..Cry hauocke, and let slip the Dogges of 
Warre. 1667 Mitton P. L. x. 616 See with what heat 
these Dogs of Hell advance. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy 
ii, Let loose the dogs of lawonhim. 1860 TrotLore /ram- 
ley P. xliii, The dogs of war would be unloosed. 

e. With qualifications denoting variety or use, 
as Banpog, BuLL-pDoc, CuR-Do6, etc., q.v. in their 
alphabetical places or under the first element. 
Also buck-, cattle-, field-, parlour-, shore-, toy- 
dog. 

a 1225 Kur-dogge [see Currc.]. 1633 T. James Voy. 93 
Bucke Dogs, of a very good race. 1672 JosseLyn New Eng. 
Rarities 15 The Indian Dog is a Creature begotten ‘twixt 
a Wolf anda Fox. 1813 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 89 
My Newfoundland dog..had decamped. 1870 B. Clayton 
Dog-Keeper's Guide 6 Field dogs are used for field purposes 
only. x Sr. J. Tyrwuitr in Univ. Rev. 15 Feb. 253 
Society kept him .. painting toy dogs. 1893 Epitn Car- 
RINGTON Dog'vi. 52 Ver famous cattle dogs. : 

2. In distinguishing sex, the male of this species ; 
a male hound; opp. to Bircw. Also, a male fox, 
DoG-Fox. : 

1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hush, ut. (1586) 154 b, The 
Dogge is thought better than the Bitche. 1768 G.Wasuinc- 
TON Writ. (1889) II. 248 Four Pupp s, that is 3 dogs and 
abitch. 1882 Society 21 Oct. 19/2 If this is your fox, Jack, 
he’s an unmistakable old dog. Log eg te Rev. 1 Feb. 134/2 
The man who knows and a is hound only uses the 
word dog, as he does the word bitch, to denote sex. 

3. Applied to a person; a. in reproach, abuse, 
or contempt: A worthless, despicable, surly, or 
cowardly fellow. (Cf. Cur 1b.) 

3325 Coer de L. 4518 or cg pr oy pre hym..And 
sayde: ‘ Dogge, ther thou ly !” YCLIF 2 Savt. xvi. 9. 
c1440 York Myst. xix. 106 A! dogges, pe deuell 30u spede. 
1sgx Suaxs. 1 Hen. V/,1.ii. 23. 1596 — Merch. V.1. iti. 129 

‘ou spurn’d me such a day 3 another time You cald me dog. 

H. Coan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xx. 72 Such feeble slaves, 
as these Christian Dogs. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 530 P 4 
Had not my dog of a steward run away as he did, without 
making up his accounts. 1820 Scorr /vashoe vii, Dog of an 


DOG. 


unbeliever..darest thou press upon a Christian? 1880 
Tennyson Revenge ii, If I left them..To these Inquisition 
dogs and the devildoms of Spain. 

b. playfully (usually in humorous reproof, con- 
gratulation, or commiseration): A gay or jovial 
man, a gallant; a fellow, ‘chap’. -Usually with 
adj. such as cunning, jolly, lucky, sad, sly, etc. 
To be dog at: see to be old dog at, 151 

a1618 Q. Anne Let. to Buckingham in s Orig. Lett. 
Ser. 1. III. ror My kind Dog. . You doe verie well in lugging 
the Sowes eare [Jas. Ij, and I... would have yow doe so 
still upon condition that yow continue a watchfull dog to 
him. 1711 BupGELu Sfect. No. 67 Pg An impudent young 
Dog bid the Fiddlers play a Dance called Mol. Patley. 
1719 De For Crusoe 1. vi, | was an unfortunate dog. 1814 
L. Hunt Feast Poets 14 Poems (1832) 144 The dog had no 
industry. 1884 W. E. Norris 7/irdby //allix, A sad dog. 

ce. =BULL-DOG 2, 

1847 Tennyson Princ. Prol. 113 He had climb’d across 
the spikes..he had breath'd the Proctor’s dogs. 

4. Astron. a. The name of two constellations, 
the Great and Little Dog (Canzs Major and 
Afinor) situated near Orion; also applied to their 
principal stars Sirius and Procyon: see DoG-sTar, 
b. The Hunting Dogs, a northern constellation 
(Canes Venattc?) near the Great Bear. 

1sst Recorve Cast. Know?l. (1556) 268 Northe almost 
from this Dogge is ther a constellation of 2 only starres 
named Canicula, the lesser Dogge. 1577 B. Goocr //eres- 
bach’s Hus, 1. (1586) 210 b, ‘The greate heate of the Sunne 
..is most extreame at the rysyng of the lesser Dogge. 1611 
Beaum. & Fi. A/aia’s Trag. iv. i, The burnt air, when the 
Dog reigns. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 428 "Vill the hot Dog 
inflames the Summer Skies. 1890 C. A. Younc Uranogr. 
§ 41 Canes Venatici (Ihe Hunting Dogs). ‘These are the 
dogs with which Bootes is pursuing the Great Bear. 

5. Applied, usually with distinctive prefix, to 
various animals allied to, or in some respect re- 
sembling, the dog: 

e.g. Burrowing dog, the Coyore or prairie-wolf, Can/s 
latrans ; hunting-dog, a kind of hyena (see Huntinc- 
boc); pouched dog, a dasyurine marsupial of Tasmania, 
Lhylacinus cynocephalus, also called zebra-wolf/, prairie- 
dog (also cod/og. called simply dog in Western U.S.), a 
North American rodent (see PrairRIE-DOG), 

6. Short for DoGFisu. 

1674 Ray Words, (Sea) Fishes 98 Picked Dogs, Catudus 
spinax. 1848 C. A. Jouns Week at Lizard 241, 1..fished 
in five or six different spots. .there were ‘dogs’, as they are 
called, everywhere. .but nothing else. 1860 Woop Xefriles, 
Fishes, Insects 71 Vhe destructive. .fish..known by the 
names of..Penny Dog, or Miller’s Dog. 1861 Coucn Brit. 
Fishes 1. 49 The Picked Dog is the smallest but far the 
most abundant of the British Sharks. 

7. A name given to various mechanical devices, 
usually having or consisting of a tooth or claw, 
used for gripping or holding. Among these are : 

a. A clamp for supporting something (¢. g. part of a build- 
ing), or fastening or holding it in place. ¢ b. An instrument 
for extracting teeth (ods.). ¢. An implement for drawing 
poles out of the ground (see also Hop-pos), or for extracting 
roots of broom, furze, etc. (cf. Doc v. 6 b, and see érx00m-dog, 
Broom sé, 6). d. A grappling-iron for raising the monkey 
of a pile-driver, or clutching and withdrawing tools used in 
well-boring or mining. e. A grappling-iron with a fang which 
clutches an object, as a log, barrel, etc. to be hoisted, or 
a log to be secured in position for sawing. f. £7. Nippers 
used in wire-drawing. g. At the Mint, a device consisting 
of two levers mounted on a small carriage running on 
wheels along the draw-bench, and so arranged as to con- 
stitute a pair of pincers which seize the fillet and draw it 
through the opening at the head of the draw-bench. h. One 
of ‘the converging set screws which establish the bed-tool 
of a punching-press in direct coincidence with the punch’ 
(Knight Dict. Mech.). i. A projection or tooth acting as 
a detent, ¢. g. in a lock; a catch or click which engages the 
teeth of aratchet-wheel. j. In a fire-arm=Doc-HEAD 2 b 
[cf. F. chien, snaphaunce (Cotgr); so It. cane (Florio), Sp. 
can (Minsheu)]. k. A drag for the wheel of a vehicle. 1. ‘A 
clamp fastened toa piece suspended on the centres of a lathe, 
by which the rotation of the chuck or face-plate is imparted 
to the piece to be turned’ (=Carrieri1d), m. An adjust- 
able stop placed in a machine to change direction of motion. 
(Webster 1864.) n. Shif-building = Doc-sHore. (Smyth 
Sailors Word-bk.) 0. ‘A lever used by blacksmiths in 
hooping cart-wheels’ (Jamieson 1825). DP. A kind of spike 
used on railways for fastening flat-bottomed or bridge rails 
to the sleepers : =Doc-nam. q. An appliance for toasting 
bread, etc. : cf. Cat sd.1 9, and see Brockett V. C. Gloss. 

a. 1 Churchw. Acc. St. Andrews, East Cheap in Brit, 
Mag. XX XI. 249 To Barnard the Smyth for x doggs of 
Iryn for the Steple weying Ixx Ib. 1552 HuLort, Dogge of 
yron to claspe a house from fletyng, retinaculum, trabalis 
clauus uel hamus. 1649 Burne Eng. Improv. Impr(1653) 
212 Asa Buttress to support it, and may be as serviceable 
as an Iron dog as many use. 1892 Law Times Rep. LXV. 
582/r The posts of the gantry stand on planks, and are 
fixed thereto by iron dogs and dowels. 

b. 16rx Corcr., Pelican..a Snap, or Dog, the toole where- 
with Barbers pull out teeth. 

c. 1727 Braptey Fam. Dict.s.v., An instrument called 
a Dog for the more easy drawing the Poles out of the 
ground. 1893 C. A. Mottyson Parish of Fordoun xxv. 290 
‘The dog, we presume, is still extant .. We will quote ..a 
description of the broom-dog..‘It operates somewhat like 
a anthdeweer and eradicates the broom in an instant.’ 

d. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. s.v. Boring, For drawing 
up the Rods, we have..an Iron Instrument called a Bitch, 
and, for unscrewing them, two more we call Dogs. 

e. 1740 Dycne & Parpon, Dog..also an utensil for 
coopers to carry large casks between two persons, 1750 
Brancxey Nav. Expos. 51 Timber Doses, drove into 
‘Timber for Horses to draw it about the Yard, or to the Saw- 
pits. 1825 Jamieson, Dogs, pieces of iron, having a nig-7a8 
form, for fixing a tree in the saw-pit. 1840 R. i3* ANA 


DOG. 


Bef. Mast xxix. 99 One [block] hooked to the strap on the 
end of the steeve, and the other into a dog, fastened into 
one of the beams. 2 , 

g. 1859 Add Year Round No. 10. 239 This dog is a small 
thin carriage, travelling upon wheels over a bench, under 
which revolves an endless chain. Ure's Dict. Arts 
ILI. 342 The chain. .in its onward motion — the dog, and 
causes it to bite the fillet and draw it through the opening. 

i. 1853 C. Tomuinson in Ure's Dict. Arts UI. 142 There 
is a dog or lever..which catches into the top of the bolt, 
and thereby serves as an additional security against its 
being forced back. 1857 Cotqunoun Com. Oarsman's 
Guide 32 The dog, or catch, prevents its running down. 

j. 1660 Monckton Papers (1884) 36, 1 immediately. . 
clapt hold of the dog of the blunderbus. a 1684 Law Mem, 
(1818) 225 (Jam.) He lets fall the dog, the pistoll goes off. 
1846 Archxologia XXX1. 492 (D.) A contrivance. .for pro- 
ducing fire by the friction of the grooved edges of a steel 
wheel. .against a piece of iron pyrites .. held in a cock or 
dog which | cotta geen it. 

k. 19795 7rans. Soc. Arts XIII. 255 This simple and 
useful contrivance, called here a Dog, or Wheel-Drag. 

1. 1833 J. Hottann Manuf, Metal 11. 134 A contrivance 
called the dog and driver, the former being a sort of clutch 
screwed upon the end of the work. 1 F. J. Britten 
Watch. & Clockm, 168 A lathe furnished with dogs. 

©. 1735 Crt. Bk. Barony Urie (1892) 156 He saw the 
defenders throw a dogg at each other. 

. 4883 Proc. Philol. Soc. 21 Dec.g Dag (spike used on 
railways), from form of head which a hats les a dog’s. 1 
Labour Commission Gloss., Dogs, a class of nails used for 
fastening down rails on sleepers. Each nail consists of a 
long spike, with ears on the side of the head, by means of 
which the nail may be wrenched up and re-used. 

8. One of a pair of iron or brass utensils placed 
one on each side of a fireplace to support burning 
wood; =ANpIRON ; (more fully called fire-dogs. ); 
b. a similar support for a dog grate or stove; C.a 
rest for the fire-irons. 

1596 Unton Invent. 5 One paire of dogges in the Chymly. 
a 1661 Futter Worthies ix. (R.), Vhe iron doggs bear the 
burthen of the fuel, while the brazen-andirons stand only for 
state. 1663 Pepys Diary 7 Sept., Buying several things at 
the ironmonger’s—dogs, tongs, and shovels. 1762 FRANKLIN 
Remarks Wks. 1887 III. 184 ‘The iron dogs, loggerhead, 
and iron pot were not hurt. 1862 H. Aipt Carr of Carr- 
Zyon 1. 140 The wood fire .. burnt cheerfully on great brass 
dogs upon the hearthstone. A/od. Jronfounders’ Catal., 
Dog stoves .. fine polished brass dogs .. fire basket sloping 
forward at the top. /é/d., Fire Dogs..All Brass. 

+9. An early kind of fire-arm. Ods. 

1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Mak reddy jour cannons. . bersis, 
doggis, doubil bersis, hagbutis of eke 1650 Art. Reddi- 
tion Edin. Castle, 28 short brasse munkeys alias dogs. 

10. Name given to various atmospheric appear- 
ances. a. A luminous appearance near the horizon; 
also fog-dog, sea-dog. b. Sun-dog, a luminous ap- 
pearance near the sun,a parhelion. ¢. /Vater-dog, 
a small dark floating cloud, indicating rain. 

1825-80 Jamieson, Dog, Sea-dog, a name given by mariners 
to a meteor seen, immediately above the horizon, generally 
before sunrise, or after sunset..viewed as a certain prog- 
nostic of the approach of bad weather. . If this be seen before 
sunrise, it is believed that (as they express themselves) it 
will bark before night; if after sunset, that it will bark 
before morning .. The dog has no variety of colours, but is of a 
dusky white. 1847-78 Haciiwe tt, Water-dogs, see Mares'- 
Tails, 1867 Suyru Satlor’s Word-bk., Stubb, or Dogg, the 
lower part of a rainbow visible towards the horizon, and 
betokening squally weather..On the banks of Newfound- 
land they are considered precursors of clearer weather, and 
termed /fog-dogs. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dog, a partial 
rainbow. ‘A dog at night is the farmer's delight.’ 1876 
Surrey Provincialisms (E. D. S.), Water-dogs, dark clouds 
that seem to travel through the air by themselves, and 
indicate a storm, 1892 W. Pike Barren Ground N. Canada 
97 Often a sun-dog is the first thing to appear, and more 
or less of these attendants accompany the sun during his 
short stay above the horizon. 

11. Name given to a copper coin used in some 
islands in the West Indies ; also to ‘a small silver 
coin’ (Smyth) ; see also BLack Doc 1. 

1797 W. Buttock in Naval Chron. X. 128 Negro money 
called stampees, or black dogs. 181 Ketty Univ. Cambist 
(1835) I. 362 ‘There are here [Leeward Islands] small copper 
coins, called Stampes, Dogs, and Half Dogs. 1888 Star 18 
Feb, 1/4 Fees .. are paid in old Spanish dollars .. and in 
a af or French coppers struck in the reign of Louis 
XVI. for Cayenne. 

12. Short for Doc-wartcu., 

1893 Pemuerton /ron Pirate 151 Towards the second bell 
in the second ‘dog’ there was a change. 

+18. = Dog-chance, dog-throw at dice: see 18. 

1671 H. M. tr. Evasm. Collog. 441 That the throw Conus 
was a lucky one, and the dog was unfortunate. 

II. Phrases and Proverbs. 

14. 70 the dogs: to destruction or ruin; as in 
to go, send, throw to the dogs. So not to have a 
word to throw at a dog. 

1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Addicere aliguem canibus, to 
bequeat iii 
Why 


hym to dogs. 1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. LZ. 1. iii. Cel. 
, why Rosaline; Cupid haue mercie, 

word? os. Not one to throw at a dog. 
i. 147. 
s, Ile none of it. 1619 R. Harris Drunkard’s Cup 
Epist. A ij b, One is coloured, another is foxt, a third is 
gone to the dogs. 1732 Pore £. Bathurst 66 Had Cole- 
pepper’s whole wealth been hops and hogs, Could he him- 
self have sent it tothe dogs? 1770 Footr Lame Lover u. 
Wks. 1799 II. 78, I should not have thought he had a word to 
throw toa dog. 1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. vir. iv. (1849) 398 
He ., threw,  porong! to the dogs. 1857 HuGurs Tom 
agers 1. vi, Rugby and the School-house are going to 

the dogs, 


ota 
— Oth. w. 


| “Zife. 


1605 — Macb, v. iii. 47 Throw Pivticke to the | 


578 


"| Every dog has his day: see Day 15. To 
take a dog’s leave: see LEAVE sh. Love me, love 
my dog: see LovEv. A dog in the pot: see Por 
sb. The scalded dog fears cold water: see SCALDED. 
See also BLAck DOG, DoG-IN-THE-MANGER. 

15. a. Fight dog, fight bear: see quots. +b. A 
dog for (to) the bow, a dog used in shooting; such 
dogs, being well trained and obedient, were taken 
to typify humble or subservient people’ (Davies) : 
cf. Bow sb.1 4d. Obs. ec. To rain cats and dogs: 


see CAT AND DOG 2; so fo blow cats and dogs. 4. | 


To die like a dog, or to die a dog's death : i.e, a dis- 
graceful or miserable death. e. 4 hair of the dog 
that bit you: formerly reputed a specific for the 
bite of a mad dog; hence allusively, esp. of more 
drink used to take off the effects of drunkenness. 
f. 70 help a (lame) dog over a stile: see quots. 
g. To lead a dog's life: i.e. a life of misery, or of 
miserable subserviency ; so to /ead.a person a dog’s 

h. Give a dog an ill name and hang him: 
see quot. 1818. +L To be old dog at (also to be 
dog at): to be experienced in, or adept at. Ods. 


j. Dog on it: a form of imprecation; see also 


Doc-cone. k. Zo wake a sleeping dog, i.e. some 
person or influence which is for the present quiet, 
but if aroused will create disturbance. So, Let a 
sleeping dog lie. 1. Whose dog is dead? also What 
dog is a hanging? What occasion is there for 
watching, or for excitement? what's the matter? 
m: In many other proverbs and phrases. 

&. «1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts m1. (1704) 350/2 
You must fight according to the old Saying, yan Dee, 
fight Bear; that is, till one be overcome. 1831 Scott Diary 
5 Mar., A resolution to keep myself clear of politics, and let 
them ‘fight dog, fight bear’. 

ee 1386 Cuaucer Merch. 7.770 To Ianuarie he[Damian] 
gooth as lowe, As evere dide a dogge for the bowe. — /riar’s 
7.71. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy, She was made as dogge 
for the bowe. 1 Upatt Evrasm. Apoph. 223 a, He..with 
lacke of vitailles brought those chop-logues or greate pratlers 
as lowe as dogge to the bow. 

C. 1738[(see CATAND DOG 2]. 1766 P. THickNnesse Odserv’. 
Customs French 106 It blows cats and dogs, as the sailors 
say. 1848 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 292 It blew great 
guns and poured cats and dogs. 

d. 1529 Rastett Pastonie Gh 1) 57 He lyved lykea lyon, 
and dyed lyke a dogge. 1607 Suaks. 77mo0n U. ii. 91 Thou 
was't whelpt a Dogge, and thou shalt famish a Dogges 
death. 1894 Fenn /1 Alpine Valley 1. 22 To die this dog's 
death, out here under these mountains. 

e. 1546 J. Hevwoop Prov. (1867) 37, 1 pray the leat me 
and my felow haue A heare of the dog that bote us last 
night. 16x Corar. s.v. Beste, Our Ale-knights often vse 
this phrase, and say, Giue vs a haire of the dog that last bit 
vs. (x R. Jones Treat. Canine Madness 204 The hair 
of the dog that gave the wound is advised as an application 
to the part injured.) 1840 Dickens Barn. Kudge lii, 
Drink again. Another hair of the dog that aot ap bo in. 

ft. 1546 J. Heywoop Prov. (1867) 32 As good a deede, As 
it is to helpe a dogge ouer a style. 1638 Cuitiinew, Relig. 
Prot. \. iii. $ 33, pte knew a man out of curtesie, help 
a lame dog over a stile, and he for requitall bit him by the 
fingers. 1857 Kincstey Two Y, Ago xxv, ‘I can..help 
a lame dog over a stile’—(which was Mark's phrase for 
doing a generous thing). : 

. 15.. Fox MSS. in Strype Eccl. Mem. M1. xxi. 174 
Me Ford afterwards had a dogs life among them. _ 
Foorr Mayor of G.1. Wks. 1799 I. 173 She. .domineers like 
the devil : O Lord, I lead the life of a dog. 186r Hucues 
Tom Brown at Oxf. x, They've been leading him a dog's 
life this year and more, 

h. [1730-6 Battey (folio) s.v. Dog, He who would hang 
his Dog first gives out that he is net] 1818 Hazurr 
Table-t., Nicknames 173 Give a dog an ill name and hang 
him, is a proverb. A nickname is the heaviest stone that 
the devil can throw ata man, 1886 Miss Tytter Buried 
Diamonds xxxix, It is a case of give a dog an ill name and 


¥ ‘oct. Ambr, Wis. 1855 I. 260 Dog 
on't, ye wicked auld Lucifer, hoo your een sparkle as you 
touzle the clergy. 1872 C. Kine Mountain. Sierra Nev. 
v. ror ‘ Take that, dog-on-you !" 

kK. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Epigr. (1867) 132 It is ill 
wakyng ofa sleapyng dogge. 1607 TorsELt (1658) 
658 It is good therefore if you have a Wife, that 1s. .unquiet 
and contentious, to let her alone, not to wake an angry a 
1864 Car.yLe /redk. Gt, x1. ii, Friedrich is not the man to 
awaken Parliamentary sleeping-dogs. 1886 H. Conway 
Living or Dead ? xiii, Better let sleeping dogs lie. 

1. 1634 Massincer Very Woman i. ii, Whose dog’s 
dead now That you observe these vigils? a 1663 
Fohn a Begging viii. in Child Ballads v. No. 142, 1809/1 
“Why rings all these bells? What dog is a hanging?’ 


m. 1382 Wycuir £cc/. ix. 4 Betere is a quyc dogge thanne | 


a leoun dead. 1388 — Prov. xxvi. 11 As a e that 
turneth —_ to his spuyng. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 
1531) 319 nen #6, -eeree ey ae r + 
asy to hisvomyt. . Hevwoop Prov. (1 
She will lie as fast as a jo will licke a Tisha. ees 
B. Younc Guasso's Civ. Conv. wv. 178 b, It is an olde 
verbe, A staffe is sone found to beatea . 1719 De For 
Crusoe . ii, It would have made a dog laugh. Cot. 
Hawker Diary (1893) I]. 2t0 We went to bed as tired as 
. [Cf Doc-rirep.) 1843 /did. II. 236 Old C— held 
forth with a long speech, lying as fast as a dog would trot, 
1857 Kinastey 7ve ¥. Ago xxi, I feel his heart, There's 


Little | 


DOG. 
life in the old Gi . 
pees anon Pe 


any , 
Ls does not eat dog’ is the saying , you know. 
eid Combinations and attributive uses. 


not whet his dog e' you? ¢ R 
& Mass. 7rag. Barnavelt u. iv. in Bullen O. PZ. IL. 239 
Such a den whe! Featiy Strict. Lyndom. 


dog 

IL. Aiijb, Ew where full Canina facundia, - 
stoucience. ion Bewick Hist. rp eee (1824) mis 
Bull-Dog. .the fiercest of all the ind. 1879 HD. 
zie Dis. Dogs (1893) ‘Specifics’. .for all dog diseases. 
1880 Dawkins Early Man ww. 87 In the upper Pleiocene 
period the. .dog family..appear for the first time. Mod. The 
wolves, foxes, and j are members of the Dog Tribe. 

b. With names of some animals (esp. those 
of the dog kind): =Male (cf. 2); as in 
hound, hyena, otter, fuppy, tiger ; Doc-Fox, Doc- 
woLr. Also humorously dog-cook = man-cook. 

1555 Even Decades 96 The dogge tyger chaunsed te 
into this pitfaul, geen] Gaz. Me madi Lost ae 
Newmarket, an old i Majesties. 
Sporting Mag. XL. 136 On nap ay . was shot .. in the 
river Avon, a dog-otter. a 1841 1. Hoox Man of many 
Friends (D.), A first-rate dog-cook and assisfants. 
SeLous 7rav. S.E. Africa 184 An old dog hyzna. 

17. General Comb.: a. attributive, as dog-dite, 
-breed, -couple, -doctor, -feast, -flesh, -hospital, 
-leash, -licence, -life, -muzzle, -show, -soap, -tax, 
-truck, -whistle, etc.; serving as food for dogs, as 
dog-bran, -cake, DoG-BIscult, etc. 

5 Dict. Rust. etc. (ed. 3), * Dog-bite, see Bit ofa 
Me Dog. 1883 E. R. peel tn Science pe Se 
Two hundred and fifty persons have gone .. to be treated 
for dog-bite. a 1661 Hotypay Fuvenal 75 Thou might’st 
-- on *dog-bran feed. 1652 Suirtey Sisters 1. i, 
Led Away in *dog-couples by rusty officers. : 
Stary_ton Juvenad 67 Yhou maist .. w “dog-crusts. 
1771 Smottert Humph. Cé. 1. Let. i, yy cont *dog-doctor 
was sent for. 1743 Butketey & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 80, 
1 was invited to a *Dog-Feast .. It was ex i 


Eating. Woop Anim. Life 133 Dog is idered a 
delicacy. Thee are several ways in which these dog-feasts 
are conducted. 1807 P. Gass ¥ru/. 146 Some. .who prefer 
*dog-flesh to fish. 1889 Ruskin Preterita 111.5 aes be 
a day or two in a *“dog-hospital. 1609 SkENE Ree aj, 
Stat. Will. 12 He may follow his hounds within the Ki 

forest, as farre as he may cast his horne or his * isch, 
1704 N. N. tr. Boccalini's Advt, fr. Parnass. |, 25 A 
Gentleman that wanted a 1 of -muzzles, B. 


Cayton Dog-Keeper’s Guide 20 One of the first iin ohn 
held in London. (title) The *Dog ‘Tax, in Verse. 
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 201;2 The imposition of a dog-tax 
or licence. 1863 Kincstey Water Bad. i, 1 wish I were a 
keeper. .to..have a real *dog-whistle at my button. 

b. objective and obj. genitive, as (see 
BREAKER ! 3), -breeder, - ing, -fancter, -keeping, 
-lover, -owner, -owning, -seller, -skinner, -stealer, 
- stealing ,-washing; seealso DOG-KEEPER,-WHIPPER. 

1770 Gentl. Mag. XL. 164 To punish the dog-stealer, or 
the aan charged wih the exes of apa ain 
Zoologist 11, 1099 Dog-fanciers have become practically 
acquainted with these influences. 1848 Kincsiey Saint's 
Trag.\. i. 38 That a man shall keep his dog-breakers, and his 
horse- ers, and his hawk- rs, and never hire him 
a boy-breaker or two! Woon Anim, Life 158 The 
whole body of quondam -owners, 1889 G. STABLES 

‘ennel Comp. i. 10 On dog-washing days. 

¢. instrumental, parasynthetic, and” similative, 
as dog-bitten, -drawn, -driven, -gnawn adjs.; dog- 
eyed, -footed, -hearted, -looked, -looking adjs. See 
also d below; also DoG-FACED, -HEADED, -LEGGED. 

x60r Hottann P/iny IL. 363 A stone which a dog hath 
taken vp with his mouth and bitten, wil cause debate and 
di ion in the pany where it is..it is growne into 

dwel in 
.. to say, You have 
Suaks, Lear ww. 


a common prouerbe..when we 

one house together to be .. at 

a dog-bitten stone here among you. 
iii. 47 His own unkindness .. gave 
dag homed daughters. 
(7x) Out comes the 


her ts To his 
R. L'Estrance Collog. Erasm, 
-looking -Beard 


18a9 E. Evtiorr Village Patriarch 1, xii, ier, 
borne In dog-drawn car. @ sag hes Cook Song of Spirit 
of Poverty nu. 3 A dog-gnawn 


with certain adjs. = As... asa dog; thor- 
oughly, utterly ; extremely ; as dog asleep, -drunk, 
-hungry, -lame, -lean, -mad, -poor, -sick, -thick (= 
intimate), See also DoG-CHEAP, -TIKED, -WEARY. 
r 


1552 Hutort, Dogge leane, Norra 
Platarch (1678) 12 Cicero was lean, a little eater, 
1599 H. Burres Byets drie Dinner O ww, He that saith, he is 

-sicke, as sicke as a ; a sicke \ o 
lesse. 1611 Cotcr., Dormer en transe, to 
to be ina a Fiercner Hum, 
Lieutenant 1. i, Would I were drunk ink, I 
not feel this. ¢ 1645 Howe. rage 4 . 47 Som of our 
— dog. a 'ANNAHILL Poet. 

er i 7G, Brome m8 wi’ the 

Frui. } was di of the it. 
woop Arms (1890) 59 When she (a mare) was 
dog-poor and hardly able to self 


Greek, S)-logic, dog-rime. 

16x Frac 8 an i filthy verses. @ 1625 
MS. Bodl. 30. 132, To begge sir’ Tottipate’s in 
dogrime verse. 1711 Swirt Z.xvam. No. 50 P5 skill 
in that of learning called dog’s D. Dat- 
ryMPLE (Ld, Hailes) Anc, Scot. Pormaaas am.) The alter- 
nate lines are composed of shreds of 


t tary mixed 
with what we call Dog-Latin, and the French, Latin de 


DOG. 


cuisine, 185x THackeray Eng. Hui. vi. (1863) 289 ‘ Nescio 
uid est materia cum me’, Sterne writes to one of his friends 


‘in dog-Latin, and very sad dog-Latin too) 1884 F. Har- 
pag 19th Cent. Mar. 496 Agnostic is only dog-Greek 
for ‘don’t know’. 


18. Special Comb. a. + dog-ape, a dog-faced 
baboon (Dyce), CYNocEPHALUS ; + dog-appetite, 
the disease Butimy, or CanmNE appetite (but in 
quot. distinguished from this; dog-belt, in Coa/- 
mining, a strong broad belt of leather, worn round 
the waist, for drawing dans or sledges in the work- 
ings; +dog-chance = dog-throw ; dog-dance, a 
dance practised by American Indians. + dog-flaw, 
a burst of passion (FLAW sé.” 2); + dog-flogger 
= Doc-wH1PPER; + dog-given a., addicted to dogs: 
dog-grate, a detached fire-grate standing in a fire- 
place upon supports called dogs (see 8); dog- 
hanging, ‘a wedding feast at which money 
was collected for the bride’ (Halliwell); dog- 
horse, a worn-out horse, fit only to be made into 
dog’s-meat ; + dog-hunger = dog-appetite; dog- 
ill = Distemper sd. 4c; dog-in-a-blanket, a 
rolled currant dumpling or jam pudding (cod/og.) ; 
dog-iron = sense 8 ; + dog-killer, a person ap- 
pointed to kill dogs suspected of madness ; dog- 
lead, a line to lead a dog with; dog-leader, 
a servant in charge of dogs; dog-leaved 
a. rare = 1)0G’S-EARED; so dog-leaving, vbl. sb. ; 
dog-line, a trace for fastening a dog to a sledge ; 
dog-madness = CANINE rabies, hydrophobia; 
dog-man, a man in charge of dogs; in quot. 
a1861, a dealer in dog’s-meat; dog-master ; 
dog-meat, dog’s flesh used as food ; dog-nap, a 
short nap taken while sitting (cf. cat-nap s.v. Cat 
sb.' 18, also DoG-SLEEP); dog-nose vice (see 
quot.); dog-pole (see quot.) ; dog-power, the 
mechanical power exerted by a dog, as in turning 
a spit, or driving a churn-dasher ; dog-rapper = 
Doc-WHIPPER ; so dog-rapping; dog-screw (see 
quot. and cf. DoG-naIL); dog-sled, -sledge, a 
sledge drawn by dogs, as in the Arctic regions; 
+ dog-spasm = Cynic spasm; dog-stopper /Vavt. 
(see quot. and Sroprer) dog-stove = dog-grate ; 
dog-strop MVaut. (see quot.); dog-tent, a small 
tent, so called from its likeness to a dog’s kennel ; 
dog-throw, the lowest or losing throw at dice (L. 
cants, canicula); dAog-tongs (see quot.); dog- 
town (U.5S.), a colony of prairie dogs (see 5); 
+dog-wheel, a vertical wheel turned by a dog 
inside as a motor. See also DoG-BOLT, -BOX, -BOY, 
-CART, etc. 

1600 Suaks. A..Y. L. 1. v. 28 If euer I thanke any man, 
lle ‘thanke 7S: but that they cal complement is like th’ 
encounter of two *dog-Apes. 1615 CrookE Body of Man 
169 In the disease called Boulimos, there is hunger without 
appetite, and in the *Dog-appetite, there is appetite without 
hunger. 1842 Branve Dict. Sc., etc. *Dog-belt. 1613 T. 
Gopwin Rom. Antig. sag The losing cast, Canis or 
Canicula, in English a *Dog-chance. 1671 H. M, tr. 
Erasm. Collog. 441, | always cast the unlucky dog-chances. 
1807 Pike Sources Mississ. (1810) 84 In the evening we were 
entertained with the calumet and *dog dance. 1854 Woop 
Anim. Life 134 There is the dog-dance, in which the liver 
of the dog is suspended toa pole. .The Indians. .commence 
a slow dance round the pole. a1625 Fiercuer Women 
Pleased uu. iv, We would soon disburthen you Of that that 
breeds these fits, these *dog-flaws in ye. 1806 Churchw. 
Ace. St. Martin's, Leicester 5 July (1884) 228 Pt Fewkes 
*Dog hn ay 100. ¢x6rr CHapman /éfad x1. 256 As a 
*dog-given hunter sets upon a brace of rs His white- 
tooth’d hounds. 1881 G. Tl’. Ropinson in Art F¥rvd.(Cent.), 
A grate with standards, which we still call a *dog-grate. 
1698 VANBRUGH sof tv. ii, Two blind stallions, besides 
pads, routs, and *dog-horses. c1785 T. Bewick Waiting 
Jor Death in A. Dobson B, §& his Pupils ix. (1884) 155 He.. 
was judged to be only fit for the dogs. However, one 
shilling and sixpence beyond the dog-horse price saved_his 
life. 1598 Syivester Du Bartas u. i. 11. Furies 451 The 
*Dog-hunger, or the Bradypepsie. @1680 ButLer Rev., 
Miser (1759) il. 342 His greedy appetite to riches is but a 
kind of doghunger that never digests what it devours. 1879 
H. Davztet Dis. Dogs (1893) 41 Distemper is also known 
as the ‘*dog-ill’. 1867 Miss Yonce Six Cushions ix. 72 
The *dog-in-a-blanket making its appearance, Clara cut 
three beauteous slices, with spiral rings of black currant 
alternating with suet. 1883 Old Virginia Gentlem. in 
Macm, Mag., Brass *dog-irons of ponderous build. 1614 
B. Jonson Barth. Fair u. i, A worthy worshipful man .. 
who would take you now the habit of a porter, now of a 
carman, now of the *dog-killer, in this month of August. 
1665 Ord. Ld. Mayor Lond. Concern. Plague, That the 
Dogs be killed by the Dog-killers appointed. 1826 Scorr 
Woodst. xxix, Bevis, who was bi ere when he was a 
*dog-leader, would not fly at him. 1823 SoutTuey in Life 
(1849) I. 69 The thumbing and “dog-leaving. 1886 W. J. 
“Tucker &. Europe 137 Being more thumbed, *dog-leaved, 
and worn than the others. 1856 Kane Avct. Expl. 1. xx. 
252 ‘The leader of the party succeeded in patching up his 
mutilated *dog-lines. Ww J. Detacoste tr. Boerhave's 
Aphorisms It's called .; because at: pee from 
the bite of Dogs, a <j or» Bape 1789 W. Bucnan Pov. 
Med. (1790) 477 The rabies canina, or dog madness. a 1861 
Mrs. Browninc Napoleon 1/1 in Italy xv, Filch the “dog- 
man’s meat To feed the offspring of God. 1879 H. Daxziev 
Dis. Dogs (1893) 9 It is an error of modern dog men to wean 
cores toosoon. 16rx Barrey Ram Alley w. i. in Hazl. 
Dodsley X. 346 When did you see Sir Theophrastus Slop, The 


579 


city *dog-master? 1854 Woop Axim. Life 134 Another .. 
feast, in which, *dog-meat takes a prominent part. 1860 W. 
Puiriirs Speeches (1863) 295 That sleepy crier of a New 
Hampshire court, who was ever dreaming in his *dog-naps 
that the voice of judge or lawyer was a noisy interruption, 
and always woke shouting ‘Silence!’ 1874 Knicut Dict. 
Mech.,* Dog-nose} ‘tse (Locksmithing), a hand-vise with long, 
slender, pointed jaws. Called also Aig-wose vise. 1 P. 
Gass ¥rud. 42 An old Indian camp, where we found some of 
their *dog-poles. .the Indians fasten their dogs to them, and 
make them draw them from one camp to another loaded 
with skins and-other articles. 1884 F. J. Brairren Watch 
& Clockm, 88 *Dog Screw,a screw with an eccentric head 
or with one side of the head taken off, used for attaching 
a watch movement to a dome case. 1889 /’al/ Mall G. 
1 May 5/3 An account of a recent *dog-sled trip in the 
North-west. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I, xvi. 185, I have 
been out with my ‘*dog-sledge, inspecting the ice. 1615 
Crooke Body of Man 754 ‘Vhose conuulsions which we 
call Cynicke or *Dogge-spasmes, because by the con- 
traction of these, men are constrained to writh and grinne 
like Dogges. 1867 SmytH Satlor’s Word-bk. s.v. Stopper 
of the Cable, * Dog-stopper, a strong rope clenched round 
the mainmast, and used on particular occasions to relieve 
and assist the preceding [i.e. the stopper of the cable, or 
deck-stopper] when the ship rides in a heavy sea. 1881 Miss 
Brappvon A sfh. vi. 71 Wide hearths and *dog-stoves. 1882 
Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 43 The strop round the yard is 
called the *dog strop, and is a single strop. 1863 KINGLAKE 
Crimea 11. 181 Vhe French soldiery were provided with 
what they called *dog-tents—tents not a yard high, but 
easily carried, and yielding shelter to soldiers creeping into 
them. 1880 Lewis & Suort Lat, Dict., Canicula..Vhe 
worst throw with dice, the *dog-throw. 1891 Rock 2 Oct. 4 
Avery quaint exhibit. . consisting of ‘ “dog-tongs’, formerly 
used for expelling dogs from churches, 1873 Gd. Words 77 
They have often seen the rattlesnake come out of holes in 
a “dog-town, but have never seen any prairie dogs come out 
of the same hole. 1756 W. Totvervy //ist, 7wo Orphans 
I. 107 A *dog-wheel, for roasting of meat. 

b. Combinations with dog’s: Dog’s body, a 
sailor's name for dried pease boiled in a cloth ; 
+ dog’s face, a term of abuse or reproach ; + dog’s 
game, game hunted with dogs; + dog’s hunger = 
dog-hunger (sce 18 a) ; dog’s-lug (Maut.) = Doc’s- 
EAR sd. 2; dog’s sleep, dog’s trick, see DoG-SLEEP, 
Dog-rricK. See also c and d below; also Doa’s- 
EAR, -LETTER, -MEAT, -NOSE, -TAIL, ~TOOTH. 

1858 Gen. P. Tuomrson Audi Alt, 11. xxviii. 33 What 
ungrateful sailors call by the harsh epithets of ‘junk’ and 
**dog’s body’. 1676 Hoszes /éad 1, 213 *Dogs-face, and 
Drunkard, Coward that thou art. 1610 HoLianp Camden's 
Brit. 1. 259 The Conqueror tooke away land both from God 
and men, to dedicate the same unto wild beasts and ”Dogs- 
game. 1631 R. H. Arraiguin. Whole Creature viii. 58 
‘The disease cald the *Dogs hunger, alway eating but never 
satisfied. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 134 Pass in the 
leech from the yard-arms and *dog’s-lug. ; 

ec. In names of animals (a) resembling dogs in 
some respect, or (0) infesting dogs: as dog-badger 
(see quot.); dog-bat, a species of bat having a 
head like a dog’s, found in Java; dog-flea, a 
species of flea (Pulex serraticeps) infesting dogs; 
dog’s-guts, a name for the fish Harfodon ne- 
hereus, also called BuMMALO; dog-louse, a kind 
of louse which infests dogs; also=dog-tick; dog- 
snapper, an American species of fish: see SNAPPER; 
dog-tick, a tick of the genus /xodes infesting 
dogs. See also DoG-BEb, -FISH, -FLY, Doa’s- 
TONGUE, 

1741 Conipl. Fam. Piece u. i. 297 There are two Sorts of 
Badgers, viz. the *Dog-Badger, as resembling the Dog in 
his Feet; anda He 8 adger, as resembling a Hog in his 
cloven Hoofs. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 66 Pleropus 
vostratus..Vhe *Dog-bat of Java. 1841 Penny Cycl. X1X. 
117/1 Other species .. have received .. the names of the 
species they attack, such as the *dog flea (Padexr Canis). 
1552 *Dog-louse [see dog-tick]. 1755 JoHNsoN, Doglouse, an 
insect that harbours on dogs. 1775 Romans Hist. Florida 
App. 52 The fish caught here..are such as .. red, grey and 
black snappers, *dog snappers, mutton-fish. 1552 Hutoer, 
*Dogge tyke or louse, ricinus. 1849 JouNsTON in Proc. 
Berw. Nat. Club Wl. No. 7. 373 My specimens were 
taken from the pointer, and were sent to me as the dog tick. 

d. In names of plants (frequently denoting an 
inferior or worthless sort, or one unfit for human 
food): as +dog’s-apple, a name for the caper 
shrub or berry (0és.) ; dog-blow, in Nova Scotia, 
the ox-eye daisy, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum; 
dog(’s) cabbage (see CABBAGE sé.! 2); dog’s 
camomile (see CaMOMILE 1 b); + dog’s-caul 
(-call), Dog’s Mercury ; dog-cherry, the fruit of 
Cornus sanguinea (Prior) = DocBERRY 11; dog’s- 
chop, Mesembryanthemum caninum ( Treas. Bot.); 
+ dog’s-cods, -cullions, various species of Orchi's 
= Docsronrs (obs.); dog-daisy, the common 
Daisy, Bellis perennis; also in some localities, 
and now generally in books, applied to the Ox-eye 
Daisy, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum; dog- 
hip, -hep (déa/.), the fruit of the dog-rose; +}dog’s 
leek, dog-leek, an old book-name for various 
bulbous plants; dog-lichen, Pe/tidea canina (see 
quot.) ; dog’s-mouth, the Snap-dragon; dog(’s)- 
parsley, Zthusa Cynapium, also called Fool’s 
Parsley ; dog-poison = prec. (7veas. Bot.) ; dog- 
standard, -stander, a local name for Ragwort, 
Senecio Jacobxa; dog-thistle (see THISTLE) ; 
dog\’s)-thorn = Doc-RosE; dog(’s)-wheat, a 


DOG. 


species of couch-grass, 772lécum caninum = D0G- 
GRASS. See also DoGBERRY, DoGwoop, etc. 

1567 Maret Gr. “orest 36 Capers .. of some it is called 
Doggues Bremble, of other some *Doggues Apple. 1578 
Lyte Dodoens 11. xxx. 186 The second kinde is now called.. 
in English..*Dogges Camomile. /éid. 1. liv. 77 The wilde 
Mercury is called -in English..*Dogges Call. 1656 Earv 
Mon. Advt. fr. Parnass. 27 Mallows, Henbane, Dogs- 
caul, and other pernitious plants. 1578 Lyre Dodoeus u.lvi. 
222 The first kinde is called..in Latine .. Zesticudus canis, 
that is to say, *Dogges Cullions, or *Dogges coddes. 1847 
Hacuiwe ti, *Dog-daisy, the field daisy. North. 1888 
Sheffield Gloss., Dog-daisy, the common wild daisy, Bedlis 
ferennis. [So in Glossaries of Cumberland, Lonsdale, 
Whitby, etc.] 1894 Barinc-Goutp S. France I. 102 The 
meadows were white as with dog-daisies. 1853 G. JoHNSTON 
Bot. East. Borders 75 Rosa canina, Dog-Rose. Briar- 
Rose: the *Dog-hep. 1892 Northumberland Gloss., Deg: 
hips and cat-haws are commonly associated by children. 
1548 ‘Turner Names of Herbes 21 Bulbine. .maye be called 
in englishe “dogges Leike. /déd. 57 Ornithigalum. .may be 
called dogleke or dogges onion. 1578 LytE Dodoens u. 
xlix, 209. 1861 H. Macmittan Footnotes fr. Nat. 105 The 
common *dog-lichen (Pedtidea canina)..was formerly em- 
ployed. .as a cure for hydrophobia (hence its specific name). 
1839 Putts in Sat. Wag. 18 May 190/1 It has. .received 
various names, as *Dog’s Mouth, Lion’s Snap, ‘Toad’s 
Mouth, and Snap-Dragon. 1866 7veas. Bot, s.v. Parsley, 
*Dog’s P. Athusa Cynapium. 1868 Paxton Bot. Dict., 
Dog Parsley. c1750 J. NeELtson Jrvd. (1836) 122, I do not 
fear the man that can kill me any more than I do him that 
can cut down a *dog-standard. 1694 WestmacotT Script. 
Herb, 29 Vhere is a confusion of names in botanical authours 
about Brambles, Briars..*Dog-thorn, &c. 1776 WITHERING 
Brit. Plants (801) Il. 174 Triticune caninum, *dog’s 
Wheat. Woods and hedges. 

Dog (deg), v. VPa.t. and pple. dogged (dpgd). 
[f. prec. sb.] 

1. ¢rans. To follow like a dog ; to follow perti- 
naciously or closely ; to pursue, track (a person, 
his footsteps, etc.), esp. with hostile intent. 

1519 Horman Vudg. 256 Our ennemyes. .dogged vs at the 
backe [a tergo instabat]. 60x Suaxs. Tel. N. 1. ii. 81, 
I haue dogg'd him like his murtherer. 1676 WycHEKLEY 
Pl. Dealer v.i, The Bayliffs dog’d us hither to the very 
door. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 16 P 12 Eleven painters 
are now dogging me, for they know that he who can get 
my face first will make his fortune. 1834 PrincLe A/r. 
Sk, viii. 257 A lion was .. dogging us through the bushes 
the whole way home. 185r Dixon IV. Peni xxix. (1872) 272 
Spies and informers dogged his footsteps. 

b. fig. Said of immaterial agencies. 

1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, v. iii. 139 Destruction straight shall 
dogge them at the heeles, 1634 Mitton Covzus 404, I fear 
the dread events that dog hea bol, 1795 SouTHEY Foax 
of Arcv. 174 Famine dogs their footsteps. a 1859 Macautay 
Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 245 Envy such as dogged Montague 
through a long career. 

+e. To haunt (a place, etc.). Obs. rare. 

1600 Dr. Dodypoll ut. v. (Bullen O. P/.), My mistresse dogs 
the banket, and I dog her. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. tt. 
v, Assume disguise, and dog the court In fained habit. 

2. zutr. or absol. To follow close. (In quot. 1694, 
To continue persistently or importunately.) 

1519 Horman Vide. 265 They cam doggynge at the tayle 
of our hoste. 1694 R. L’Estrance Fadles cv. (1714) 121 To 
lie Dogging at his Prayers so Much and so Long. 1807 
J. Moser in Spirit Pub. Frais, X. 7 Should constables dog 
at our heels. 1837 WHEELWRIGHT tr. Aristophanes I. 6, I 
.. Will not hold my tongue, Unless you tell me, why on 
earth we're dogging. 

3. trans. To drive or chase with a dog or dogs; 
to set a dog on; fig. to hound or drive zz¢o, 

1sgt Bottesferd (Linc.) Manor Rec. (MS.), Dogging beast 
vicinorum super communem pasturam. 1601 [see DoGcinG 
below]. 1794 T. Stone Agric. Lincolush. 62 [Sheep] being 
over-heated in being..dogged to their confinement. 1840 
H. Cireve in ¥ral. Agric. Soc. 1. 1. 298 Others have 
dogged the animal, and worried it to exhaustion. 1847 Busu- 
NELL Chr. Nurt. 1. ii. (1861) 264 He may dog his children 
possibly into some kind of conformity with his opinions. 

4. To furnish or fill with dogs. (sonce-zs5e.) 

a 1661 Futter Worthies, Somerset (181 » II. 276 (D.) The 
ancient Romans, when first (instead of manning) they 
dogged their Capitol. 

5. To act as a dog to, to guard as a dog. rare. 

1818 Mitman Samor 1. 281 Ah generous King ! That sets 
the emaciate wolf to dog the flock ; The hawk to guard the 
dovecote. 

6. To fasten or secure by means of a dog (see 
Doe sb. 7a, e); also éztr. to penetrate with a dog. 

1591 in Glasscock Rec. St. Mi ichael’s, Bp. Stortford (1882) 
65, liij li. of leade to dog the stones together of y° steple 
windowe. | 18799 Lumberman’s Gaz. 15 Oct., We can dog 
directly into the hardest knot in the heaviest timber and hold 
the log perfectly safe and true. 1886 G. W. Hortcukiss in 
Encycl. Brit. XX1. 345/2 When the log reached the carriage 
it was dogged. .by the simple movement of a lever. 

b. To extract or uproot with a dog (Doe 7c). 

1610 W. FoikincHaM Art of Survey 1. ix. 21 Whynnes, 
Broome, &c...being..rooted vp by dogging or grubbing. 

e. Naut. To fasten, as a rope, to a spar or cable 
in such a way that the parts bind on each other, so 


as to prevent slipping. 

1847 A. C. Key Recov. H.M.S. Gorgon 24 Another pur- 
chase was. .lashed round the sheerhead. .and its lower block 
was dogged on. 1867 Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk., Dogged, 
a mode of attaching a rope to a spar or cable, in contradis- 
tinction to racking, by which slipping is prevented ; half- 
hitched and end stopped back, is one mode. 

+7. Oxford Univ. slang. (See quot., and Cot- 
LECTOR 4.) Obs. 

1726 Amuerst Terre Fil. xii. 233 The collectors. . having 
it in their power to dispose of all the schools so days in 

—2 


. 


DOG. 


what manner they please .. great application is madé to 
them for gracious days and good schools ; but especially to 
avoid being posted or dogged. /did., The first column and 
the last column..(which contain the names of those who are 
to come up the day and the last day, and which is 
called a ) are e: d very dal 

8. U.S. slang. Used in imprecations (perhaps 
sometimes with a reference to sense 3). Cf. dog on 
zt (Doe sd. 15), DoG-Gone. 

1860 Bartietr Dict. Amer., Dogeged, a euphemistic oath ; 
as, ‘I'll be dogged if I doit’. 1884 ‘Mark Twain’ [Clemens] 
Adv. H. Finn (Farmer Amer.), Why, dog my cats! there 
must have been a house-full o’ — in there every night. 

Hence Dogging v#/. sb. and pf. a. - 

1601 Cornwattyes Ess. i, They are commonly hawking, 
or dogging fellowes. 161rr Cotcr. 
layings .. treacherous dogging, of people. 1688 R. L’Es- 
TRANGE py food Times u. Avjb, The Dogging of a 
Plot out at Length. 1 
Wortley .. holds the balance evenly between ‘dogging’ 
and _ driving. 


Dog, deformation of the word God, used in 


profane oaths. Ods. 


Esfies, ambushes, way- | 


1894 7imes 25 Aug. 3/1 Mr. Stuart- | 


cxgso Lusty Fuventus in Hazl. Dodsley 11. 84 By dog’s | 


precious wounds, that was some whoreson villain. 

Dog, obs. form of Dawk s0.2 

Do (déu-gal), a. [ad. It. dagale ducal ; in 
med.L. doga/is.] Of or pertaining to a doge. 


"ban Wesster. Hence in mod. Dicts. 
|| Dogana (doga-na). [It.: see Divan and cf. 
Dovane.] A custom-house (in Italy). 
1 Evetyn Diary (1889) I. 202 We were conducted to 
the Dogana, where our portmanteaus were visited. 1650 
Howe Lt Giraffi's Rev. Naples 1. 22. 1828 [J. R. Best] 
ltaly as it ts 74. : 

b. Customs, customs-duty, duty or impost. In 
Italy and Spain.) 

18a2 E. E. Wituiams in Dowden Life Shelley (1887) I1. 495. 
1838 Prescott Ferd. & /s. (1846) IT]. x. 13 ‘The dogana, an 
important duty levied on the flocks of the Capitanate. 

| Dogare’ssa. [It., irreg. fem. of doge.] The 
wife of a doge. 

1820 Byron Mar. Faliero Pref., ‘Towards one of her 
damsels, and not to the ‘ Dogaressa’. 1846 L. S. Costetto 
Your Venice 294 The fair Dogaressa of the Morosini. 

Dogate (dougeit). [ad. F. dogat, Venet. dogato, 
f. doge.] The office or dignity of a doge; dogeship. 

1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Doge, The dogate is elective. 
1881 Daily News 17 Sept. 3/3 The linen cap, or velo ducal, 
which Lewis Manin wore on the 12th May, 1797, the last 
4 of his dogate and of the Republic of Venice. 

ogbane: see D0G’s-BANE. 

Dog-bee. 1. A bumble bee or a drone. ? Ods. 

1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doggebee, dourdon. 

2. ‘A fly troublesome to dogs’. 

In recent Dicts. 

Dogberry! dygberi). [Doc 18d.] 

1. The ‘berry’ or drupe of the Wild Cornel or 
Docwoop. b. The shrub; also Dogéerry-tree. 

isst_ Turner Herbal 1. Mjb, The female is called of 
some doze berry tree: sume call it corn tree. 1719-30 tr. 
Tournefort’s Compl. Herb. 641 (Jod.) The common wild 
female cornus, called the dogwood, or dogberry tree. 1776 
Witnerine Brit. Plants (1801) II. 198 Cornus sanguinea, 
Dogberry tree, Hounds tree, Hounds berry, Prick wood, 
Prick timber. 1 H. Darziet Dis. Dogs (1893) 97 Among 
preventives of hydrophobia .. in vogue one time or another 
- leaves of the dog-berry tree. : 

2. Applied to other shrubs or trees, or their fruit. 
a. In Nova Scotia, a kind of mountain-ash, Pyrts 
americana; in U.S. the Chokeberry, 2. arbutzfolia 
(Cent. Dict.). b. Applied locally in Britain to the 
Guelder Rose, the Bearberry, and the fruit of the 
Dog-rose. (Britten & Holland.) 


Do: berry 2, The name of a foolish constable 
in Shakspere's Much Ado about Nothing; thence, 
allusively, an ignorant consequential official. 

Hence Dogberrydom, Dogberryism. 

1864 Miss Brappon Aur. Floyd xxxviii. (Farmer), ‘The 
Dogberries of Doncaster..were on the wrong scent. 1855- 
81 Hype Crarke Dict., Dogberryism. 1883 Daily Tel. 

Dec., Is this firm government? It seems to us Dog- 

ism in excelsis. 1895 J. J. Raven Hist. Suffolk 206 
In defiance of Dogberrydom. 

Do'g-biscuit. Biscuit for feeding dogs. 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dog-dbiscuit, coarse waste or 
broken biscuits sold for feeding dogs. 1870 Buaine Encyc. 
Rural Sports § 1502 Dog-biscuits are continually advertised 
in the London papers. 1879 H. Darziet Dis. Dogs 7. 

Dogbolt, dog-bolt (dg‘gbsult). Also 5 -bolde, 
[Origin uncertain ; possibly sense 1 is the original, 
but sense 2 is known 130 years earlier. 

Goes surmise ‘ Of this word I know not the meaning, 
unless it be, that when meal or flower is sifted or bolted to 
a certain degree, the coarser is called dog bolt, or flower 
for dogs ', has no foundation.)} 

+1. Some kind of bolt or blunt-headed arrow ; 
perh. one of little value that might be shot at any 
dog. Ods. 
1sg2 G. Harvey Pierce's ne te 8 The dreadful engine 
of phrases instead of thunderboltes shooteth nothing but 
dogboltes and catboltes and the homeliest boltes of rude 
folly. 6x2 T. James Yesuits’ Down/. 16 Is not thisa.. 
sacrilegious abuse of Gods .. benefits .. to make them dog- 


580 


any use’, or ‘one at the command of another’; but 
wretch’ 


generally =‘ contemptible fellow, mean : 
~ Se Paston pages Lett. No. 53 jag hn. Sir 
ohn Wyndefeld and other wurchepfull men d but 
Futwett Ars Adulandi viii. 
le Sir Iohn (a chaplayne..) who 


er doggeboldes. 1579 U. 
1 ij a, On mee ior «i i 
is made a doulte and dogbolt of euery seruinge man. ~ a 
Lyty Campaspe (1632) G ix, (Granichus ot t 
Diogenes that dog should have Manes that dog-bolt, it 
rieveth nature and spiteth art. a1619 Beau. & Fe. 


| Wit without M. 1. i, ‘To have your own turn served, and 


to your friend to be a dogbolt. 1690 SuapweLt Am. Bigot 
ut. Wks. (1720) 267 Dog-bolt, to blast the honour of my mis- 
tress. [arch, 1823 Scort Peveril vii, 1 would not be such 
a dog-bolt as to go and betray the girl.) _ » 

+b. attrib. Wretched, contemptible. Ods. 

1580 Futke Answers (1848) 212 He doth nothing. .but.. 
_— like a dogbolt lawyer. 1664 Butler Hud. u. i. 40 

ow his dog-bolt Fortune was so low. 

3. =Doe sé. 7 a. 

1824 Archxologia XX. 555 (D.) The beams are. .fastened 
to the sides with bolts not unlike our dog-bolts. : 

4. The bolt of the cap-square over the trunnion 
of a gun. 

1867 Suytu Sailor's Wd.-bk., Dog-bolt, a cap square bolt. 

Dog-box. a. A box fora dog to lie in. b, A 
compartment in a railway truck or van for con- 
veying dogs: cf. Box sb.? 12. : 

1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 138 A mallard saps | to 
Mr. ‘Tucker. .was observed to resort every evening to a dog- 
box in his yard. 1862 Emma Davenport Live Toys xiv, 
Shut up in a dog-box on the train. 

Dog-boy. A boy in charge of dogs; a hunts- 
man’s assistant. 

1612 Davies Why /reland, etc. (1747) 179 His dogges and 
Dog boyes. 1859 JerHson Brittany ix. 146 Three hounds, 
accompanied by a dog-boy. 

Dog-bramble. Also dog’s-, A name for 
various thorny shrubs: +a. (Dog’s bramble) the 
caper-shrub, Cafparis spinosa. +b. = Doc- 
BRIER. @. A kind of currant, Atbes Cynosbati. 

1567 Martet Gr. Forest 36 Capers .. called Doggues 
Bremble, of other some Doggues Apple. 1599 MINsHEU she 
Dict., Escaramujo, wilde eglantine, dogbramble. 1 
Mutter P/ant-n., Bramble, Dog, Xibes Cynosbat?. 

a Dog-brier. Obs. [transl]. of L. sentis canis, 
Gr, xuvésBatos.] The wild brier. 

1530 Pascr. 214/2 Dogge brere. 1565-73 Coorrr 7/e- 
saurus, Sentis canis, wilde Eglantine, or dogge bryer. 
1591 Percivatt Sp. Dict., Farra perruna, dogge brier, 
Canis rubus. a1682 Sir 'T. Browne 7'racts g ‘The Hipp- 
briar is also named KvvoaBaros, or the Dog-briar or Bramble. 

Dog-cart. 1. A small cart drawn by dogs. 

1668 Perys Diary 13 June, Walked..through the city 
[Bristol]..No carts, it standing generally on vaults, only 
dog-carts. 1854 /dustr. Lond. News 8 July 7/1 The dog- 
cart nuisance. .the use of carts drawn by dogs. 

2. A cart with a box under the seat for i ed 
men’s dogs; now, an open vehicle for ordinary 
driving, with two transverse seats back to back, 
the hinder of these originally made to shut up so 
as to form a box for dogs. 

1803 C. K. Suarre Lett. 33 July (1888) I. 178 His lordship 
.. keeps horses and curricles and dogs and dog-carts, and 
gives dinners..to all the rascality of Oxford. 1822 Miss 
Mitrorp in L'Estrange Life (1870) I. 182 Our equipage, 
a most commodious dog-cart. 1861 Romance Dull bi fe xiii. 
98 The closed carriage being better than the dog-cart, for 
the weather had changed, and it was cold. 

Dog-cheap, ado. and pred. a. arch. [See Doe 
17d and CHEAP a. 6.) Extremely cheap; at a very 
low or contemptible price. 

1526 J. RasteLt 100 Merry Tales \xxv. (1866) 126, I wyl 
say you .ii. gospels for one grote, & that is dog chepe. why 
Houinsuev Chron. Eng. 476 In these daies wool was dog- 
cheape. 1650 R. Staryiton Strada's Low C. Warres vit. 
77 The Souldiers carryed most of their Plunder to Antwerp, 
and sold it..dogg-cheape. 1829 Scott ¥rn/. 2 June, They 
might..have the.. property for £ 16,000, which is dog cheap. 

b Jig. Little esteemed ; in vile repute. 


1607 Dekker Ants. Conjur. (1842) 38 Three thinges there | 


[i.e, in Venice] dog-cheap, learning, poore mens sweat, and 
oathes. @1846 Lanvor /mag. Conv. Wks. 1868 li. 33 


| ‘Trajan. .holds all the gods dog-cheap. 


Pog-oetax. 
1. A collar for a dog’s neck. 

1524 Ld. Treas, Acc. Scot. in Pitcairn Crim. Triads 1. 
pd ornis, leschis, and dog-collaris. 1580 Hottysanp 
Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn collier qu'on met aus chiens..a dog 
coller. 1673 in Rogers Agric. § Prices V1. 604 Dog collar. 

A name given to close-fitting collars worn by 


| men and women. 


bolts in every bow, and shafts in vey quiver, to draw out | 


for the any imp fact 
+2. Applied to a person as a term of contempt 
or reproach. Perh. orig. =‘ Mere tool to be put to 


| 
| 


1883 E. C.G. Murray People J have Met 42 (Farmer) 
The dog-collar which rose a 
spotless purity. 1890 Daily News 9 June 9/1 Another lady 
wore. .a dog collar of pearls and diamonds. 1894 G 
Her. 6 Dec., Dr. Donald Macleod. .{said that] he was 
to introduce what was known as the ‘ dog collar’... It was 
now recognised as the ecclesiastical collar. 

» 3b, pl. [tr. L. dies caniculares: 
see’ CANICULAR. ] 

1. The days about the time of the heliacal rising 
of the —_—— noted from ancient times as the 
hottest and most unwholesome period of the year. 

They have been variously calculated, as depending on the 
greater dog-star (Sirius) or the lesser dog-star (Procyon); 
on the heliacal, or (by some in modern times) the cosmical 
rising of either of these (both of which also differ in different 
latitudes); and as, preceding, following, or both preceding 
and following, one of these epochs; and their duration has 


! 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


DOGFALL. 
been variously reckoned at from 30 to In the 
latitode of Greenwich, the comical déing of now 
cates plete alenes [uly a7, ee Eevee t Aug. 11; in 
Medi latitudes, the former is , the 
latter earlier. i rising is some days than 


ing 
The name (Gr. jucpar xvvades, Lat. dies iculares) arose 


from the pernicious qualities of the season being attributed 
to the ‘influence’ of the -star; but it has long been 
popularly associated with the belief that at this season dogs 


are most apt to run mad ; see CANICULAR 1, quot. 1601. 

1 Exyor Dict., Canicula..a sterre, w canicular 
or dogge days be named Dyes caniculares. 1597-8 Br. 
Hatt Sat. iv. i. 138 My double draught may quench his 
dog daies rage. 1660 T. M. Hist. /ndepend.1v.52 For now 


(it being the Dog-dayes) the house grew so hot, that diverse 
members withdrew. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea Hotter 
in January, than Italy in the -Days. 1842 Penny Cycl. 


Gi 
XXII. 62 s.v. Sirius, Even at this day, when the heats of 
the latter part of the summer are excessive, we are gravely 
told that we are in the dog-days. 
b. Rarely in sing. 

1769 Rurrueap Life Pope 35 (L.) Is it to make 
a complaint of this kind Ce, that every ay should 
Demag Oars ee: ; 

2. fig. An evil time ; a period in which malignant 
influences prevail. 

21555 Puiteot Exam. & Writ, (Parker Soc.) 283 Neither 
that any giddy head in these dog-days might e an 

ple by you to di from Christ's true church. 1629 
N. Carrenter Achitophel 1. 10 What then shall wee now 
expect in these dogge-dayes of the worlds declining age? 
1835 I. TayLor Sfir. Desfot. vii. 306 During the dog-days 
of the Romish spiritual despotism. 

3. attrib. Dog-day: Of the dog-days. 

1719 YounG Busiris u. i, Like pois’nous vermin in a dog- 
day sun. 1807-8 W. IrvinG Sa/mag. (1824) 223 Surely never 
was a town more subject to midsummer fancies and dog-day 
whim-whams, 1857 THoreau Maine W. (1894) 315, T bens 
the dog-day locust here. 

dom dg'gdam). Aumorous. [see -DOM.] 
The domain or world of dogs; dogs collectively. 

1854 Cham. Frni. 11. 280 A graduate in horse-management 
and dogdom. 1892 Pall Mail G. 11 Feb. 7/2 The Dog 
show.. bringing together 3,000 specimens of dogdom. 

+ Dogdrave, -drawe. Ols. Some kind of 
sea-fish used for food; ? cod. 

[1227 Rotuli Litter. Clausarum 20 Feb. 11.172 Naves pis- 
carias quae. .consueverunt ire ad piscariam de | 
1367 in Rogers Agric. & Prices (1866) IL. 556 rave. 
14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 586/22 Gerra, a 
1858 //ist. Coldingham Priory 55 There are in the accounts 
. references to cod and ling, dog-draves and herrings. 

+ Dog-draw. /orest Law. The act of ‘ draw- 
ing after’ or tracking venison illegally killed or 
wounded, by the scent of a dog led with the hand. 


1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xviii. § 9 (1615) 1 
, draw is, where any man hath stricken or wouadaa Deets 


beast..and is found with a Hound or other Dogge drawing 
after him, to recover the same, 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE 
Jt. Gt. Brit, 1... vi. (1743) 186 The foresters may take and 
arrest a man, if he be taken either at Dog-draw, Stable- 
“T Doge (io-d5 oy aS es 11), ad 

lj e (ddudz). a. F, é (monosyll.), ad, 
Venetian doge (disyll.), repr. an It. *doce =duce :— 
L. duc-em (dux) leader, — The title of the 
chief magistrate in the formerly existing republics 
of Venice and Genoa. 

1549 Tuomas /ist. /talie 77 a (Stanf.) They haue a Duke 
called after theyr maner, Doge. 1645 Evetyn Diary June 
(1889) 1. 203 ‘The Doge..together with the Senat in their 
gownes, imbarked in their selon Berton caryed and 
gilded Bucentora. 1776-81 Gispon ol. & F Ax. (R.), The 
annual election of the twelve tribunes was supe! by 
the permanent election of a duke or doge. Browninc 
Toccata of Galuppi's ii, At Venice .. w the used 
to wed the sea with rings. ‘ ' 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. Applied to any chief magis- 
trate or leader. mid 

pt . Strance Germany in 1831 1. 6: is League... 

Bt Be Doge, the bungoimnater at Lubeck; received the 
ors of emperors monarchs. 1863 Reape Hard 
Cash 1, 10 Young Hardie was Doge of a studious clique. 

Hence Do‘gedom, the dominion of a doge; the 
world of dloges, doges collectively. Do'geless a., 
without a doge. Do'geship, the office or rank of 


| a doge; the dignity or personality of a doge. 


the black cloth was of | 


1893 Marc. Symonps Doge's Farm: 225 All the potentates 

of Oe ieeniee 1818 Byron Ch. Har. ww. iv, The less 

city’s vanish’d sway. Govt. Venice 181 In the . 

ship of Renier Zen. .the Grand Council added four more to 

them. 1821 Byron oscar? tv. i. 294 His Dogeship answer'd. 
ear, var. of Doa’s-Ean. 


Dogeon, obs. form of DuncEon. 


Dog-faced (dp'gféist), 2. Having a face like 
that of a dog; esp. in Dog-faced wt = CYNO- 


CEPHALUS, (In quot. 1873, tr. Gr. euy@ms.) 
1607 Tors. Four-/. Beasts (1658) 9 He describeth them 
to be black haird, 1802 


faced, and like little men. 
Binctry Anim. Biog. (1813) I. 77 The dog-faced 


B. D. Watsu Aristoph., Knights 1. iii, Before a 
dog-faced monkey. Boe 5 tare Grk. Poets vii. 227 Those 
dog-faced, Fierce-eyed, infernal ministers, dread ! 


Kg oerg dog-fall. /restling. A fall in 
which both ost touch the ground together. 
1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 100 It is pronounced a dog- 


~ fall—or a draw. 


DOG-FENNEL. 


1858 Hucues Scouring White Horse vi. 
131 Both fell on their sides, and it was only a dog-fall. ; 
‘Dog-fennel. Also dog’s-fennel. [Irom its 
bad smell, and fennel-like leaves.] A name for 
Stinking Camomile, Anthemis Cotula. 

1 Firzners. Hush. § 20 Doggefenell and mathes is 
bone one, and..beareth many white floures, with a yelowe 
sede. _ Lyte Dodoens 11. xxx. 186 The second kind. .is 
now called .. in English’ Mathers, Mayweede, Dogges 
Camomill, Stincking Camomill, and Dogge Fenell. 1885 
Harper's Mag. Apr. 702/2 There was no dock, nor dog- 
fennel, nor rag-weed, 


+b. Also applied to Sulphur-wort, Peucedanum 


palustre. Obs. 

1529 Grete Herball cccxxx. Sv b, Peucedane is an herbe 
- called dogfenell or swyne fenell. 

Do'g-fight. A fight between dogs. So Dog- 
fighting. 2 

201475 Hunt. Hare 233 Sum seyd it was a beyr-beytyng, 
Sum seyd it was a dogg-feghttyng. a1656 Br. Hatt Rew. 
61 (T.) To clap their hands, as boys are wont to do in dog- 
fights. 1670 Evetyn Diary 16 June, Cock-fighting, dog- 


fighting, beare and bull baiting. 1879 H. Spencer Data of | 
, . 


hics xii. § 80. 215 It needs but to ask whether men who 
delight in dog-fights may be expected to appreciate Beet- 
hoven’s Adelaida. 

Do'g-fish, dogfish. | 

1. A name given to various small sharks of the 
families Sguwalidex (Spinacide), Galeorhinide(Car- 
chariidex), and Scylliidx, or to the sharks of these 
families collectively; esf. in Great Britain, the 
Large and Small Spotted Dogfish (Scy/éum catulus, 
S. canicula), and in New England, the Picked 
Dogfish (.Sgealus acanthias). 

¢ 1475. Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 765 Hic canis, a doke- 
fyche. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doggefysshe, chien de mer. 
1672 Jossttyn New Eng. Rarities 33 The Dogfish, a 
ravenous Fish. 1766 Pennant Zoo/. (1769) III. 77 The 
picked dogfish takes its name from a strong and sharp spine 
placed just before each of the back fins. 1861 HuLMe tr. 
Moquin-Tandon ur, ui. i. 108 Dr, Delattre has obtained it 
[{shark-oil] from the.. Lesser spotted Dogfish. 

b. Applied also to the mud-fish (Amia-calva) ; 
to the blackfish (Dadlia pectoralis) ; to a kind of 
wrasse (Crenilabrus caninus); and to the mud- 
puppy, a batrachian reptile (Vecturus maculatus. 

1889 Farmer Amer., Dog-/ish, the mud fish of Western 
waters. 

2. fig. Applied opprobriously to persons. 

1589 Pappe w. Hatchet Bijb, Whie are not the spawnes 
of such a dog-fish hangd? ‘1591 Suaxs. 1 Hen. I''/. 1. iv. 
107 Puzel or Pussel, Dolphin or Dog-fish, Your hearts Ile 
stampe out with my Horses heeles. 1731 Swirt Pulteney 
Wks. 1755 1V.1. 167 A pack of dog-fish had him in the wind. 

Hence Dog-fishing wé/. si., fishing for dog-fish. 

1885 C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 190 Everybody 
goes dog-fishing. 

Dog-fisher, an appellation given by Walton to 
the Otter (as a dog-like beast living on fish). 

(By a strange error, explained by Johnson as ‘A kind of 
fish’; whence in subsequent dictionaries.) 

1668 WaLton Compl. Angler (ed. 4) 49 The Otter devours 
much fish .. And I can tell you that this Dog-fisher, for so 
the Latins call him, can smell a fish in the water.a hundred 
yards from him ... and that his stones are good against the 
falling sickness, 


a (Oe : 

1. An English rendering of Gr. evvdyua; which 
writers have tried to identify with British flies 
troublesome to dogs: see quots. 

14.. Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 625 Dogflye, ciniphex. 
1552 Hutort, Dogge flye, cynomyia. 1610 Hratey S?. 
Aug. Citie of G 753 rigen compareth the dogge-flye 
vnto thir sect. 1631 R. Byrietp Doctr. Sabb. 1 Such as 
are these Dog-flies, such are unquiet men. 1658 RowLanp 
Moufet's Theat. Ins, 934 Kuvouvia, Musca canum, in 
English a Dop-ay .. Isidore, and Euthymius, and Philo, 
suppose it to be a Wood-fly, very irksome to the ears of 
Dogs. 1753 Cuambers C. ‘ycl. Supp., Dog-Fly, Cynomyia.. 
a species of fly common in woods and among bushes, and 
particularly troublesome to dogs..It somewhat resembles 
the flat black fly so troublesome to cattle. 

2. Asa term of abuse (tr. Gr. eovépua]. 

¢x6rx Cuarman //iad xxi. 366 [Mars to Minerva] Thou 
ar what's the cause Thou mak’st Gods fight thus? 

jog-fox. a 

1. A male fox. (Cf. Dog sd. 2, 16 b.) 

1576 Turperv. Venerie 183 The female of a foxe is called 
a bitche and he himselfe a doggefoxe. 1659 Osuorn 
Misc. Wks. (1673) 613 A Dog-Fox and an Ordinary Bitch 
will generate. 1749 Fiecpinc Yom Yones x. vii, We have 
got the dog-fox, I warrant the bitch is not far off. 1880 
Times 2 Nov. 4/6 A full-brushed, high-conditioned dog-fox. 

b. Applied to a man. 

1606 Suaxs. Tr, § Cr. v. iv. 12 That same dog-fox Vlisses. 

2. The name of certain small burrowing animals 
of the family Canide, as the Corsac, resembling 
both the dog and the fox. 

Dogfully, adv. humorous nonce-wd. [f. Doc 
5b., after manfully.] In a way worthy of a dog; 
with the courage or persistency befitting a dog. 

1861 Fraser's Mag. June 770 Still he [the terrier] buckles 
to his work dogfully. ~ 1880 P. Gittmore On Duty 299. 

Doggar, var. GER 3, ironstone. 

Doyyed (dg'géd), a. (adv.) Also 5 dogget, 
doggid, doggyd(e, 6 Sc. doggit. [f. Doc sd. + 
-ED?: cf. CRABBED, which appears to be of about 
the same age.] 


581 


1. gen. a. Like a dog; having the character, or 
some characteristic, of adog. b. Of or pertaining 
to a dog or dogs, canine. + Dogged appetite, 
hunger; =CANINE appetite, BuLIMy (0ds.). (Now 
rare in gen. sense.) 

¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Doggyd, caninus. 1589 Pas- 
quil’s Ret. 12 This dogged generation, that is euer barking 
against the Moone. 1595 SHaks. Yohn wW. iii. 149 Now for 
the bare-pickt bone of Maiesty, Doth dogged warre bristle 
his angry crest, And snarleth in the gentle eyes of peace. 
1608 Hizron 2nd Pt. Def Reas. Refus. Subscript. 121 
That hunger which Phisitions cal the dogged appetite. 1658 
J. Jones Ovid's [bis 594 Dianas guard the Tragic poet slew, 
So be thou torn by a watchful dogged crew. 1740 PINEDA 
Sp. Dict. s.v. R, This Letter.. They call..dogged, because 
it sounds like the Noise a Dog makes when he growls. 

2. Having the bad qualities of a dog; currish. 
+a. Ill-conditioned, malicious, crabbed, spiteful, 
perverse ; cruel. (Of persons, their actions, etc.) 

@ 1307 Pol. Songs (Camden) 199 The fals wolf stode behind ; 
He was doggid and ek felle. “¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 10379 Of 
so dogget a dede. c1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Doggyde, 
malycyowse, maliciosus, perversus, bilosus. 1540 MoRYSINE 
Vives’ Introd. Wysd, H viijb, It is a token of a dogged 
harte, to rejoyce in an other mans mysfortune. 1663 BUTLER 
Hud, 1, i. 632 Fortune unto them turn’d dogged. For they 
a sad Adventure met. 1684 Rox, Ball. (1895) VIII. 40 
‘This dogged answer cut this poor soul to the heart. 

+b. transf. Of things: Awkward, ‘crabbed’, 
difficult to deal with. Ods. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 77vav. 66 ‘The most craggie, steepe, 
and dogged Hils in Persia. 1677 YarRANTON Ang. [inprov. 
147 The Spanish [Iron] works tough, churlish and dogged. 

ec. Ill-tempered, surly; sullen, morose. Now 
with some mixture of sense 3: Having an air of 
sullen obstinacy. 

cx1400 Ron. Rose 4028 If Bialacoil be sweete and free, 
Dogged and felle thou shuldist be. 1593 Nasue Christ's 7. 
55 There is vaine-glory in..being Diogenicall and dogged. 
1667 Perys Diary (1879) 1V. 424 My wife in a dogged 
humour for my not dining at home. 1757 J. Rutty Diary 
5 Feb. in Boswell Yohnson, Very dogged or snappish. 1852 
Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xli, Legree..looked in with 
a dogged air of affected carelessness, and turned away. 

3. Having the persistency or tenacity characteristic 
of various breeds of dogs; obstinate, stubborn ; 
pertinacious, (‘The current use.) 

1779 JouNson 1 Apr. in Boszwe//, [He commended one of 
the Dukes of Devonshire for] ‘a dogged veracity’. 1818 
Scotr Rob Roy xxx, An air of stupid impenetrability, which 
might arise either from conscious innocence or from dogged 
resolution. 1855 Prescorr Philip I/, 1. 11. viii. 229 The 
dogged tenacity with which he clung to his purposes. 1863 
Kincstey Water Bad. vii. (1878) 323 He was such a little 
dogged, hard, gnarly, foursquare brick of an English boy. 
1874 Biackte Se/fCult. 20 In this domain nothing is denied 
to a dogged pertinacity. 

4. Comb., as + dogged-sprighted a., having a 
‘dogged’ or malicious spirit (ods.). 

1600 Rowranps Let. Humours Blood vii, 84 Enuie's the 
fourth: a Deuill, dogged sprighted. 

B. as adv. * As a dog’; very, extremely. col/og. 
or slang. (Cf. Doe sd. 17 d.) 

1819 Sporting Mag. 1V. 272 He [a horse] was dogged 
‘rusty’ when your man passed our house. 1847-78 HALLi- 
WELL, Dogged, very ; excessive. Var. dial. 

Doggedly (dygédli), adv. [f. prec. + -LY 2.] 
In a dogged manner: see prec. 

+1. Like a dog (in appearance or manner). Ods. 

1591 PercivaLt Sp. Dict., Emperradamente, doggedly, 
Canino more. 1638 Sir T, Herbert 77av. (ed. 2) 13 Seales 
as ‘* as Lyons, and..doggedly visaged. 

+2. Like a dog (in bad sense) ; currishly, +a. 
Cruelly, maliciously, spitefully. Ods. 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 1289 Doggedlich y schal hem grete. 
¢ 1400 Destr, 7roy 1398 And hou so doggetly has done in pi 
derfe hate. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 39 Then he 
concludes all doggedlie. 1655 Hrywoop & Row ey Fort. 
by Land uw. Wks. 1874 VI. 398 We have used him so 
doggedly. 

b. Surlily, sullenly ; with sullen obstinacy. 

1683 Kennett tr. Zrasm. on Folly 57 He would not fret, 
nor doggedly repine, 1780 Jounson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 23 
May, You cannot think how doggedly I left your house on 
Friday morning. 1838 Lyrron Adice 100 ‘For my part, 
I shall resign’, said Lord Saxingham doggedly. 

8. With the persistence of a dog; obstinately, 
stubbornly, pertinaciously. 

1773 JOHNSON 16 Aug. in Boswell, Nay..a man may write 
at any time if he will set himself daggedZy to it. 1807 
Soutney Let. to Scott 8 Dec., It never does to sit down 
doggedly to correct. 1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855) 
209, I. .studied on doggedly and incessantly. 1856 FRoUDE 
Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vii. 203 He doggedly adhered to his 
assertions of his own innocence. 

Doggedness (dy:gédnés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality or condition of being dogged. 

1, Malice, spitefulness, cruelty. Ods. 

1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doggednesse, cruavité. 1593 NAsHE 
Christ's T. 4 Their disloyaltie and di SB gee He M. 
Hopson Div. Right Govt. i ii. 5 Hazaels..fury and deged. 
nesse unto them. 

b. Ill temper, surliness, sullenness. Now, Sullen 
obstinacy ; pertinacity. (Cf. Docexp 2c and 3.) 

1611 Corcr., Rechignement, a powting, sullennesse, dog- 
gednesse. 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. clxxvi. 746 Inclinable 
to..solitarinesse, pertinacy, and what in the vulgar English 
we call oe ao age 1770 Westey Jrud. 3 Feb. (1827) 
III. 376 He hides both fis doggedness and his vanity. 
1824 Ldin. Rev. XL. 85 A patient and persevering dogged- 
ness of understanding in contending with difficulties. 1877 


| 
| 
| 
| 


DOGGEREL. 


A. B. Epwarps Uf Nile v. 113 Our sailors, by dint of sheer 
doggedness, get us round the bad corner at last. 

Dogger | (dg'gaz). [Anglo-Fr. and ME. dog- 
gere; also in Du. and LG. from 15th c. Origin 
uncertain. 

The Du. word is evidently related to the obscure MDu. 
dogge, in phr. ten dogge varen to go to the cod-fishing ; cf.also 
Kilian, ‘ dogghe-boot cymba major’; Hexham, ‘ Dogge-boot, 
Great-bark’. Akin to dogge or dogger is the Icel. dugga in 
same sense ; with the statement cited by Vigfusson that thirty 
English fiski-duggur came fishing about Iceland in 1413, cf. 
our quot. 1491 and the reference there given. The Dogger- 
bank is generally supposed to be named either from this 
word or MDu. dogger trawler; cf. Kilian, ‘dogger funda, 
sacculus, reticulfm’; Hexham, ‘ Dogger, Fisher's Boat’ ; 
also ‘ Sling or casting net, also Satchell.’) 

1. A two-masted fishing vessel with bluff bows, 
somewhat resembling a ketch, used in the North 
Sea deep sea fisheries: formerly applied to English 
craft as well as those of other nations, but now 
practically restricted to Dutch fishing vessels 
(though out of use in Holland itself). 

In the 17thand 18th. they frequently acted as privateers. 

1356 Act 31 Law. ///, 1. c. 1 Tow3 les niefs appelles 
Doggeres. 1491 Hen. VII. in Paston Lett. No. g22 II. 367> 
That..all the dogers of thos partes schuld have our licens 
to departe in the viage towardes Islond, as they have been 
accustommyd to do yerly in tyme passyd. 1566 R. 
Micuetts in A. Suckling Suffolk (1847) 86 Then there were 
thirteen or fourteen doggers belonging to the said town, and 
now but one. 1666 Loud. Gaz. No. 25/4 The Coast at 
Bridlington has not for 10 dayes been infested with any 
Capers, save onely one Dogger of 8 guns. 1680 /éid. No. 
1548/4 ‘The Adventurers of the Royal Fishery, are now fitting 
out their Doggers from the River .. for the White Herring 
and Cod Fishings. c¢ 1682 J. Coviins Making Salt Eng. 


111 The Dutch.. have out this Winter 220 Dog 1692 
Lurtrett Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 494 A French dc r was 
brought in prize there. 1799 Sir H. Parker in Vavad 
Chron. 1. 347 Two Spanish doggers, sloop rigged. 1810 


Hull Rockingham 15 Dec. 2/1 The beautiful oak-built 
Dogger called the Rover. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle xv. 
(1859) 358 Like a clumsy dish-shaped Dutch dogger. 1867 
SaytH Satlor's Word-bk., Dogger, a Dutch smack of about 
150 tons. . principally used for fishing on the Dogger Bank. 

+ 2. One of the crew of a dogger =dogyer-man. 

1533-4 Act 25 Hen, 1 ///, c. 4 Suche person or persones, as 
.. be doggers otherwyse callid Doggermen. 

3. Short for Dogger Rank: see 4. 

1887 E, J. Matuer (¢/¢/c), Nor’ard of the Dogger. 

4. Comb. a. In apposition, as + dogyer-boat, 
-caper, -pink, -privateer. b. similative, as dogges- 
built, -rigged adjs. @. Dogger Bank, + dogger- 
sands, name of a great bank or shoal in the North 
Sea; dogger-fish sé. f/., fish taken by doggers or 
on the Dogger Bank; dogger-man, one of the 
crew of a dogger (see 2). 

1666 Lond. Gaz. No. 31/4 Some few Dogger boates plying 
about the “Dogger banks, whereof five labor to infest those 


parts. 1836 YARRELL Brit. es (1859) 1. 531 The Dogger 
Bank Cod. 1885 Lye//'s Elem. Geol. vi. (ed. 4) 81 That great 


shoal called the Dogger-bank, about sixty miles east of the 
coast of Northumberland, and occupying an area about as 
large as Wales. .in its shallower parts is less than forty feet 
under water. 1662 J. Smitu England's Iniprov. Rev. 252 
‘The Hollanders fishing for Herring, Ling, and Cod, with 
Busses and *Dogger-boats. 1680 /ond. Gaz. No. 1526/4 
Pink, *Dogger built. 1703 /d/d. No. 3889/4 A *Dogger 
Caper, of 4 Guns and 45 Men, belonging to Ostend. 1356 
Alct 31 Edw. ///, ui. c. 2 Assiz sur le pesson de *Doggere- 
fissh & lochefissh. 1607 CowELL {uterpr., Doggerfish.. 


seemeth to be fish brought in those ships to Blackeney 
haven. 1703 Loud. Gaz. No. 3939/3 A *Dogger Pink, of 
about 150 ‘Tuns. 1745 VERNON in WVavad Chron. 1X. 191 
A..*dogger privateer has been taken. 1805 Mitcuect /éid. 
XIII. 493 The..Privateer Orestes, *Dogger rigged. 1665 
Lond. Gaz. No. 9/2 They saw not one Man of War, but 
within the *Dogger-sands about twelve Dogger-Boats. 

Dogger *. vave. One who dogs: see Dogz. 1. 

1611 Coter., Esfie, a spie..obseruer, dogger of people. 

Dogger 3 (dg:ga1). Also 8 Sc. -ar. [local term 
of uncertain origin, perh.a deriv. of Doc.] 

1. dal. A kind of ironstone, commonly found in 
globular concretions; a nodule of this; = Car- 
HEAD 2, 

1670 W. Simpson //ydrol. Ess. 63 A mine, in colour much 
resembling that of alom .. usually called by them Doggers, 
or Cats-heads. 1757 Wacker in Phil. Trans. L. 145 Another 
fossil of a brown colour. . called by the miners dogger; a thin 
seam of which often lies in the midst of the coal. 1793 Ure 
Hist. Rutherglen 253 (Jam.) The most uncommon variety 
of till..is incumbent on a coarse iron-stone, or doggar. 
1876 IVhithy Gloss., Scar-doggers ..the stone nodules in the 
alum rock burnt for making Roman cement. : 

2. Geol. A sandy ironstone of the Lower Oolite ; 
applied to part of the Jurassic series. 

Dogger-series, the series of strata resting upon the Alum 
Shale (Upper Lias), containing the dogger. . 

1822 G. YounG Geol. Surv. Yorksh. (1828) 126 This. .seam 
is only a few feet above the dogger. 1885 Lyeld’s Elem. 
Geol. xx. 311 In North-Western Germany. .The Dogger, or 
Brown Jura, has dark-coloured clays and ironstones .. it 
corresponds to the Lower Oolite. 

ee ee (dg'garél), doggrel (dg'grél), a. and 
sb. Also 4 dogerel, 5-7 -ell, 6-7 doggerell, 
doggrell, 6-9 dogrell, 7-8 doggril, 8 dogrel. 
[Origin unknown; but cf. Doe 17 e.] 

A. adj. An epithet applied to comic or burlesque 
verse, usually of irregular rhythm; or té mean, 
trivial, or undignified verse. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Melib. Prol. 7 Now swich a Rym the 


DOGGEREL. 


deuel I biteche This may wel be Rym dogerel quod he. 
1 Fasyan Chron. vu. 294 For thoughe I shulde all day 
tell Or chat with my ryme dogerell. 1526 Skecvon Magny/. 
413 In bastarde ryme after the doggrell gyse. 1589 PutTrEen- 
HAM Eng. Poesie 1. iv. (Arb.) 89 A er that will be tyed 
to no rules at all..such maner of Poesie is called in our 
vulgar, 
Warre Wks. 1. 226/1 In doggrell Rimes my Lines are writ 
As for a Dogge I thought it ft. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 
60 Pp 11 The double Rhymes, which are used in Doggerel 
Poetry. Betsuam £ss. I. xii. 233 The vile doggrel 
translation of Hobbes. 1868 Stantey Wests. Add. v. 397 
‘The doggrel epitaphs which were hung over the royal tom 
b. pransf, Bastard, burlesque. 

isso Bate Afol. 93(R.) The diuinite doggerell of that 
dronken papist Johan Eckius. 1873 G. C. Davies Alount. 
& Mere xix. 177 A doggrel form of prayer. : 

B. sb. Doggerel verse ; burlesque poetry of irre- 

gular rhythm ; bad or trivial verse. 

1630 Tincker of Turvey Ep. Ded. 5 Clownes [have here] 
plaine dunstable dogrell, for them to laugh at. 1710 ADDISON 
Whig Exam. No.1 ? 14 He has a happy talent at doggrel. 


1880 L, Sternen Pope iii.71 Chapman..sins..by constantly | 


indulging in sheer doggerel. 
b. A piece of doggerel ; a doggerel poem. 

1857 O. A. Brownson Convert Wks. V. 120 The elec- 
tioneering campaign of 1840, carried on by doggerels [etc.]. 
1892 Anne Ritcnie Rec. Tennyson, etc. m1. vil. 216 A dog- 
gerel always had a curious fascination for him [Browning]. 

Hence Do'gg(e)rel v., -ize v., zztr. to compose 
doggerel; ¢rans, to turn into doggerel; Do-g- 
g(e)reler, -ist, -izer, a writer of doggerel ; Dog- 
g(e)relism, a doggerel manner of writing. 

1680 R. L’Estrance Answ. Litter Libels g His Ranging 
of them Together is a kinde of a Doggrilism. 1732 Genzd. 
/nstructed (ed. 10) 43 (D.) Were I disposed to doggrel it, 
I would only gloss upon that text. 1817 Monthly Mag. 
XLIII. 421 The Scotch doggerelist. 1821 Blackw. Alag. 
X. 388 The Atys, which .. Mr. Lambe has so cruelly dog- 
grelized, 1822 /did. XI, 363 These dabbling doggrelers. 
1832 SoutHey Lett. (1856) 1V. 259 Some true doggrelizers. 
1850 Reape Chr. Fohnstone vi. (1853) 65 He had been 
doggrelling when he ought to have been daubing. 

ggery (degari’. [f. Dog sd, + -Exy.J 

+1. Foul or obscene language. Ods.—° 

1611 Cotcr., Caguesgue, Parler cagn., to speake doggerie. 

2. Dog-like behaviour or practice; mean and 
contemptible action; mischievous doings. 

1844 W. M. Macmitian Lett. (1893) 103 Evasive doggeries 
of every kind. 1886 T. Harpy Mayor Casterér. xiii, ‘Such 
doggery as there was in them ancient days.’ 

3. A company of dogs, dogs collectively. b. 
Used by Carlyle to represent F. canaidle. 

1843 Cariyte Past & Pr. ww. vii. ad fin., Doggeries never 
so diplomaed, bepuffed, gas-lighted, continue Doggeries, 
and must take the fate of such. 1862 — /redk. Gt. x. ii. 
(1865) III. 222 As ugly a Doggery (‘ infisme Canaille’ he 
might well reckon them), as has, before or since, infested 
the path of a man. 1869 Pad/ Mad/G.8 Oct. 11 With all the 
rabble doggery of the country after him. 

4. U.S. vulgar). A low drinking saloon. 

1860 Bartiett Dict. Amer., Doggery, a low drinking- 
house. West and South. [Now prevalent throughout the 
Union (Farmer).] 1863 Hottanp Lett. Yoneses i. 15 To 
fill Jonesville with doggeries and loafers. 

Doggess (dp'gés). Aumorous. [f. Dog sb. + 
-Ess.] A female dog, a bitch. Also fig. 

1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. 131 Pretty dogs 
and doggesses to quarrel and bark at me. 1863 Miss Power 
rab, Days & N. 287 Said Pacha, determined not to give in 
to an unbelieving doggess .. refused to allow the terrified 
child to be removed. 1885 R. F. Burton Avad. Nts. 1. 93 
note, Five, including the two doggesses. 

Dogget, obs. f. of Docker. Doggie: see Docey. 

Dogginess (dp'ginés).  [f. Docey a. + -NEss.] 
The quality of being ‘doggy’: see Doaey a. 

1865 Masson Kec. Brit. Philos. 388 An inherent dogginess 
or earwigginess. 1882 Miss Brappon J/¢. Royat ill. vi. 
117 The St. Aubyn girls..finding him a kindred spirit in 
horseyness and doggyness. 1884 Sat. Rev. 26 Jan. 111. 

Do: (dg'gif), a. [f. Do sb. + -18H.] 


iS the nature of, pertaining to, or resembling 


a dog; canine. 

Doggish appetite, a ravenous or insatiable appetite (see 
dog-appetite sv. Doc sb.18 a). + Doggish letter (Minsheu, 
Span. Gram, 8) = Doc's LETTER. 

1530 PatsGr. 310/2 Doggysshe, of the condycions or of the 
nature of a dogge, chienin; a1619 Fornersy A theom. 1. 
xv. $2 (1622) 156 Hee was taken... with a doggish fee 
which called for meat almost euery moment. 1684 Buxyan 
Pilgr. 1. 29 To do to them what his Dogish nature would 
prompt him to, 1814 Cary Dante, /nferno xxxu. 70 Visages 
.:Shap’d into a doggish grin. 1874 TrotLore Lady Anna 
vii, The .. doggish love of fighting prevailed in the man. 

2. Having or indicating a dog-like disposition or 
character, currish; malicious, spiteful, ill-natured ; 
snappish, snarling, cynical. (Now rare.) 

— Beryn 181 The frere, Howe he lowrith vndir his 
h with a doggissh ey? axg20 Wyclif's Ecclus. xiii. 22 
marg. (MS. Cott. Claud. E 11) A doggische man, and siche 


is a chidere, and a wrathful man, and a glotoun, a 1536 


‘Tinpace Exp, Matt. To Rdr. Wks. II. 10 Cruel and doggish 
hypocrites. 1553 T. Witson Xhet. (1567) 77 a note, Diogenes 
doggish aunswer in despit of women. 1579 . Jones 
Preserv, Bodie & Soule 1. ii, 22 The dogg: Philosopher 
Demetrius. 1672 Eacnarp /odds's State Nat. 31 That All 
Men by nature were doggish, spightful and treacherous. 
1863 Sata Capt. Dangerous 11. iv. 133 You may cry Haro 
upon me for a Cynic or Doggish philosopher. 
+ b. Brutish, bestial, sensual. Ods. 
1594 I’. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 588 These doggish 


epicures and atheists. 1610 Rowianps Martin Mark-all 


27 Dissolute in behauiour, Apish, doggish, and Swinish, 


me dogrell, 1630 J. Tavior (Water P.) Dogge of 


582 


Hence Do'ggishly adv.; Do'ggishness. 
1576 FLeminc pong. Epist. 319, 1 am troubled. .and 


doggishly dealt withall. 1592 Banincron Com/. Notes Gen. 
xxix. § 3 Doggish and currish graceth neither 


Countrie nor people. 1866 Howetts Venet. Life vii. 113 All 
abuse begins and ends with the attribute of aw 
Dog-gone (dpgg)n). U.S. slang. Also dog on. 
[Generally taken as a deformation of the profane 
God damn: cf. dang, darn. But some think the 
original form was dog on zt, to be compared with 


| pox on it! etc.; cf. Doe 15 j.J 


A. vb, Used imperatively as an imprecation, or 
exclamation of impatience or the like: ‘hang !’. 

1851 Mayne Reto Scalp Hunt. xxi, ‘ Dog-gone it, man! 
make haste then!’ 1892 Nation (N. Y.) 21 Apr. 303/35 
I think * Dog gone it’ is simply ‘ Dog on it’. 

B. adj. or pa. pple. =C. 

1851 Mayne Reiw Scalp Hunt. vii, ‘ I'm dog-gone, Jim’, 
replied the hunter. a 1860 Southern Sketches 33 (Bartlett) 
No, says I, I won't do no sich dog on thing. = . HERMAN 
His Angel 188 He ain't quite a dog-gone fool. 

C. Dog-goned adj. or fa. pple.; also dog- 
gauned, dog-gond, ‘confounded’, ‘ darned’. 

a 1860 'T. H. GLapstonr. Exglishin. in Kansas 46 (Bartlett) 
If there’s a dog-goned abolitionist aboard this boat, I should 
like to see him, _ 1861 Lowett Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 23. 
1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly Prol.i. 1879 TourcEE 
Fool's Err, (1883) 672 I'll be dog-goned if I know what I do 
believe, 

Dog-grass, dog’s-grass. 

1. A name for Couch-grass, 77iticum repens, and 
for the allied 7. caninum, reputed to be eaten by 
dogs to produce vomiting. (Cf. Holland, P/iny.) 

1597 GerarveE //erdad 1, xvii, $1. 21 The common. .Dogs 
grasse or Couch grasse. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 52 
‘The Dog grass or Quick grass. 1816 F. VANDERSTRAETEN 
Impr. Agric. p. xv, Quitch or dog-grass. 

2. A local name for Dog’s-tail grass, Cynosurus. 

a 1825 Forsy Voc. £. Anglia, Dog’s-grass, the common 
cynosurus cristatus, 1878 Britten & HoLiann Plant-n., 
Dog’s Grass, Cynosurus cristatus..Hants.; Norf.; Suss. 

Doggrel: see DoGGEREL. 

Dogey; doggie (dggi), sb. [-y, dim. suffix.] 

1. A little dog; a pet name for a dog. 

1825 J. Neat Bro. Fonathan 1. 397 Poor doggy. 1889 
Ruskin Preterita M1. 55 The poor little. .wistfully gazing 
doggie was tenderly put in a pretty basket. 

2. Coal-mining \collog.) A man employed by the 
Burry (q.v.) to superintend the workmen in a mine. 

1845 Disraeit Syéi/ (1863) 116 A Butty in the mining 
districts is a middleman, a Doggy is his manager. 1860 
W. Wiite Ald round Wrekin 253 The butty .. employs a 
subordinate whose title is doggy. 1873 Daily News 27 
= 3.6 The pit was examined in the usual way by the 

oggy. 

Do By dggi), a. [f. Doe sb.+-y. (Cf. horsy.)] 

+1. Having the bad qualities of a dog; mali- 
cious, spiteful ; vile, contemptible. Ods. 

1388 Wycuir 1 Chron. Prol., My bacbiters .. gnawen me 
with a doggi tooth [1382 dogge tothe]. 1583 STANYHURST 
AE neis 1. (Arb.) 22 Pack hence doggye rakhels. 

2. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a dog. 

1869 cho 3 June, Beasts without one doggy feeling. 1886 
J. K. Jerome /dle Thoughts (1889) 92 The fecios § whose 
frank, doggy nature has been onrenk 

3. ‘Addicted to or conversant with dogs. 

1859 Payn Foster Brothers xvi. 277 Others. . associate with 
boating men..with even doggy men, 1882 Miss Brappon 
Mt. Royal M11. vi. 102 Country people, with loud voices, 
horsey, and doggy, and horticultural. 

Dogh, obs. form of Douen, Dow v.1 

Dog-head. (See also Doc’s-HEaD.) 

+1. A kind of ape with a head like a dog’s; the 
Dog-faced Baboon, or Cynocephalus. Ods. 

1607 Torse.t Kour-f. Beasts (1658) 8 Cynocephales, are 
a kind of Apes, whose heads are like Dogs. . wherefore Gaza 
translateth them Canicipites, (to wit) dog-heads. 

2. a. The head of a nail or spike formed by a 
rectangularly projecting shoulder. (Cf. DoG-NatL. ) 

1793 SMEATON Edystone L. Plate xii, Bars in the angles.. 
whose dog-heads lay hold of the base of the iron work. 

b. Part of the lock of a gun; the hammer. 

1812 Sorting Mag. XX XIX. 65 A piece of steel kept firm 
by the screw of the doghead. 1814 Scorr Wav. xxx. 
180s A. Paterson Man of his Word 146 Kirk had taken a 
loaded rifle..and drawn the dog-head back to the full, 


Dog-hoatied, a. Having a dog’s head, or a 
head like that of a dog. 


1587 Gotpinc De Mornay viii. 105 What is to be said of 
Plinie with his Dogheaded men? 1834 M«Murrrie Cuvier’s 
ainim, Kingd. 46 The Dog-headed Monkeys. .have an elon- 

ated muzzle truncated at the end. C. Gere Christ 
Gs 9) 47. The barking, dog-headed Anubis. ‘ 

Do “hole. A hole fit for a dog; a vile or mean 
dwelling or place, unfit for human habitation. 

1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 16 The Schoole which 
I belde is narrowe, and at thé first blushe appeareth but 
adoggehole. 1601 Suaxs. Ad/'s Well u. iii. 292 France is 
a dog-hole, and it no more merits, The tread of a mans foot. 
1726 Swirt Epist. Corr. Wks. 1841 11. 586 You all live in 
a wretched erty Soe and prison. 1815 Simonp Jour 
Gt. Brit. 1, 324 The in cave was a mere dog- 

(do-ghud). [f. Doe sé., after man- 
hood.) The condition or nature of a dog; the race 
of dogs, dogs collectively. 

1647 T'rarr Come, Rom. xii. 17 The world calls it [revenge] 
manhood, it is doghood rather, 1876 Gro, Exior Dan. Der. 


v1 xliv, A lap-dog would be bea mge J at a loss in framing | Sy duty tack sade ake het Sight a .. 


to itself the motives and adventures 


doghood at large. 


; - DOG-LEGGED. : 


© 


Dog-hook. 

+1. A hook used for leading a dog. Obs. 

1578 Bk, Revels in Malone Shaks. (1821) 111. 369 Money 
.. due for leashes, and doghookes, with staves and other 
necessaries. . for the hunters that made crye after the fox. .in 
the playe of Narcissus. @ 1631 Drayton Wés. IV. 1492 
(Jod.) My doghook at my belt to which my Liam’s ty’d. 

2. a. A wrench for “the coupling of 
iron boring-rods; a py (Halliwell 1847-78.) 

b. An iron bar with a bent prong for securing or 
hoisting a log, etc.; =Doe sd. 7. 

1851 Harpers Mag. Ul. pee examines the chains .. 
DailyNe Oct 9/3 earns hold upo 
aily News 30° 3 log: Masi t 
the hatch, throwing the unfortunate man into the hold. 

. A house or dwelling for a dog, 
or for a pack of dogs; a kennel. 

1611 Corcr., Chiennerie, a dog-house, or dog-kennell. 
@ 1613 Oversury Characters, Sargeant Wks. (1856) 164 
Not onely those curs at the dog-house, but those withiu the 
walls. W. Irvinc Braceb. Haid (1823) 1. 97 An un- 
happy cur chained in a doghouse. 

Doght : see Dow v.! 

Doghter, Doghty, obs. ff. DaucuTER, Doveury. 

Dog-hutch. A hutch fora dog ; applied con- 
temptuously to a mean dwelling = DoG-HOLE. 

1830 CartyLe Richter Misc. (1872) 111. 37 Would not let 
him occupy his own hired dog-hutch in peace. Gro. 
Evior Dan. Der. 111. xliv. 283 A dog-hutch of a place in 
a black country. 7 

Do:g-in-the-manger. A churlish person 
who will neither use something himself nor let 
another use it; in allusion to the fable of the dog 
that stationed himself in a manger and would not 
let the ox or horse eat the hay. Also attrib. 

(1564 Butteyn Déa/. agst. Pest. (1888) 9 Like vnto cruell 

Dogges liyng in a Maunger, neither eatyng the = theim 
selues ne sufferyng the Horse to feed thereof hymself.] 4: 
G. Harvey Letter-book (Camden) 114 And as for the Syr 
Lowte That playdst inne and owte 5 ‘A dogg in y* maunger, 
A very pal es raunger. 1836 Marryar Yaphet Ixxii. 
(Farmer), Why, what a dog in the manger you must 

‘ou can’t marry them both. 1842 TuHackeray Miss Lérve 
Wis. 1886 XXIII. 285 That dog-in-the-manger jealousy 
which is common to love. 1890 Times 17 Sept. 7/5 A dog- 
in-the-manger policy is always unworthy of a nation. 

Hence (sonce-wds.) Dog-in-the-ma‘ngerish, 
-ma‘ngery adjs.; Dog-in-the-ma‘ngerism. 

1883 C. J. Witts Land of Lion & Sun 134 He was ill- 
mannered and dog-in-the-mangery. 1889 Spectator 28 > 
To satisfy her dog-in-the-mangerish jealousy. 1894 Sat. Kev. 
3 Mar. 234 A mere act of official dog-in-the-mangerism. 

Dogion, obs. form of Dupexron. 

Dog-keeper. 1. One who keeps dogs; sfec. a 
man appointed to take charge of a pack of dogs. 

x Secr. Serv. Money Chas. & Fas. (Camden) 82 For 
building a little house in St. James’s Park for the dogkeeper, 
and a kennell for the dogs. 1704 Swirt 7. Zé ii, It was 
written by a dog-k ans 1870 B. CLay- 
TON (title) The Bog: eeper's Guide, 

+2. A watch- og. Obs. 

1576 Fremine tr. Cazus’ es hg Arb. Garner ILL, 254 The 
Dog Keeper. .doth not only keep farmers’ houses; but also 
merchants’ mansions. 

Dog-ke:nnel. A kennel for a dog, or dogs. 

1611 Cotcr., Chiennerie, a dog- or dog-kennell. 
1700 Drvpen Fables Pref. (Globe) 493 A certain nobleman, 
beginning with a dogkennel, never lived to finish the palace 
he had contrived. 1709 Srente Zatler No. 62? 1, | am 
desired to cenonuasind » Dieasiamall to any who shall want 
a Pack, 1865 Kincstey //erew. v. (1883) 110 You shall pass 
your bridal night in my dog-kennel. : 

‘gkind. [f. Doc sé., after mankind] ‘The 
race ot dogs; dogs 


ampere 
1888 Pall Mall G. 3 Mar. 2/2 A knowledge of mankind, 


womankind, and dogkind. 1895 West. Gas. 10 Oct. 2/1 
The Spectator has. .earned the gratitude of all dogkind by 
es) ing their cause and exposing their perfe 
tin. Bad Latin: see Doe 17¢. 
+ Dog-leech. 02s. 


1. A veterinary su who treats d 

Forp Fancies ww. i, 1 will once turn dog. 1640 
Nanpes Bride v. i, He cured my little Shock of the mange 
..an excellent Dog-leech. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Kes, ul. vy 
———- of ‘ Servility’.. the very dogleech is anxious to 

1SAavow. 
2. ‘An ignorant smodion! pence a quack, 

M dD. . t happen vppon a 
aaua? \ecues for lacke cf enowtonge of he coaningy mal 
Forp Lover's Mel. w. ii, O these lousy close-stool empirics, 
that will undertake all cures, yet know not the causes of any 
disease ! “leeches! a16s2 Brome Queene's Exch, we 
We sie Pe be oe es ee fare you at that 
garb too * 

Do'g- a. Ofa bent form like a dog’s hind 
leg ; as in dog-leg chisel, ‘ a crooked-shanked chisel 
used in enacting the bottomsof grooves’ (Knight); 
dog-leg Fence (Australia), a fence made by logs or 
trees laid horizontally on supports crossing X-wise ; 
— = Lig yerreneoe sip adios 
wn tee ncn chee Weck fe taal Bite Area 
14 Mar. 351 A dog-leg stair about 4 feet wide. 

Dog-legged (dpglegd), a. Arch. Applied to 
a staircase, without a well-hole, the successive 
flights ol which ere a zig-zag. ‘ 

T. N. Ci . Purchaser -stairs .. 
first hy direct] Noreen , then wind it i then 


DOGLESS. 


Nicuotson Pract. Build. 189 Dog-legged stairs.,.have no 
well-hole. 1842-76 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. u. ii. § 2182. 

Dogless (dp'glés), a. Without a dog. 

3854 7 oop Anecd. Anim. Life 159 pig ride dogless man. 
1887 M. Betuam-Epwarps Next of Kin Wanted I. vii. 96 
Acatless, dogless household. 

Do'g-like, «. and adv. Like, or in the manner 
of, a dog. 

1605 TimME rsit. 1. xv. 75 A doglike appetite. 1859 
R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnd. Geog. Soc. XX1X. 416 
The ong Propping their burdens against trees, curl up, 
doglike, under the shade. 1874 L. Sternen Hozlrs in 
Library (1892) I. iii. 123 There is something which rises to 
the dog-like in his affectionate admiration for Swift. 

ling (dp:glin). nonce-wa. [f. Doe sd, + 
-LING.] A little or young dog, a puppy. 
. 1830 Miss Mitrorp V7édage Ser. tv. (1863) 184 With the 
cat’s milk these little doglings imbibed also the cat's habits. 

Dogly, a. and adv. rare. [-L¥1, -ty2.] 

A. adj. Of the nature of a dog, canine ; in quot. 
=Cynic. B. adv. In the manner of a dog. 

1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 41 Dyogenes, other- 
wyse called dogly bycause he hadde som condicions of a 
dogge. 1552 Hutort, Doglye or lyke a dogge or after the 
maner of a dogge, cavati, 1829 Lanpor /4s. (1846) 1. 
470/t Respect..to the dogly character. 

Dogma (dy*gma). Also 7-8 dogm(e. PI. dog- 
mas (7 -aes), dogmata (7 -taes). [a. L. dogma 
philosophical tenet, a. Gr. déypa, Séypar-, that 
which seems to one, opinion, tenet, decree, f. doxetv 
to seem, seem good, think, suppose, imagine. At first 
used with Gr.-L. plural; the forms dogme, dogm, re- 
presented F. dogme (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. That which is held as an opinion; a belief, 
principle, tenet ; esf. a tenet or doctrine authorita- 
tively laid down by a particular church, sect, or 
school of thought ; sometimes, depreciatingly, an 
imperious or arrogant declaration of opinion. 

{a 1600 Hooker Lcc?. Pol. vu. ii. § 13 [tr. D, Stapleton] 
Power to proclaim, to defend, and. .to preserve from viola- 
tion dogmata, very articles of religion themselves.] 1638 
Sir T. Herpert 7vav. (ed. 2) 267 The grosse fanatick Dog- 
mataes of the Alcoran. 1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. 
Learn. i. iv. § 3 Those Dogmaes and Paradoxes are almost 
vanished, a@1652 J. Smita Se?. Disc. vu. iv. (1821) 350 Our 
dogmata and notions about justification. 1676 R. Dixon 
Nat. Two Test. 21 Prophane ay and impure Worship. 
1704 Hearne Duct. Hist.(1714) 1. 400 Their Dogmata and 
Astrological Doctrine .. we shall not enlarge upon them. 
1843 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1. (1844) p. lii, The dogmata of 
the schools of art. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. § 3 (1882) 
229 To assert the freedom of religious thought against the 
dogmas of the Papacy. 1893 J. Orr God & World 1. 26 note, 
Dogma I take to be a formulation of doctrine stamped with 
ecclesiastical authority. ‘ 

2. The body of opinion formulated or autho- 
ritatively stated; systematized belief; tenets or 
principles collectively ; doctrinal system. 

1791 Burke Fr. Affairs Wks. VII. 13 The present .. is a 
revolution of doctrine and theoretick dogma. 1856 Emerson 
Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 111 If, going out of the 
region of dogma, we pass into that of general culture. 1871 
Kinostry Le?t, (1878) II. 368 If you wish to save Christian 
dogma, 1871 Morey Carlyle (2878) 191 It places character 
on the pedestal where Puritanism places dogma. 

Dogmatic (degme'tik), a. and sd. [ad. L. dog- 
matic-us (Ausonius), a. Gr.. doypariucds, f. ddypa, 
déypar- Docma: cf. F. dogmatique (16th c.).] 

1. Pertaining to the setting forth or laying down 
of opinion ; didactic. rare, ; 

1678 GaLe Crt, Gentiles I11. Pref., To render our Dis- 
course the lesse offensive, we have cast it into a thetic and 
dogmatic method, rather than agonistic and polemic. 1875 
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) V. 5 He is no longer interrogative but 
dogmatic. pa. 

. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, dogma 
or dogmas; characterized by or consisting in 
dogma ; doctrinal. 

1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Dogmatical or Dogmatick, 


relating to a Dogma, instructive, 1727-38 Gay /addes u. 
xiv. (R.), Dogmatick gs on learnt by heart. 1841 W. 
Spratpine /taly & /t, [s?. 11. 28 The rest of his compositions 


are versified treatises of dogmatic theology. x MILL 
Liberty ii. (1865) 15 A... Christian in all but the dogmatic 
sense of the word, 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V.v. 350 No 
inclination to substitute dogmatic Protestantism for dog- 
matic Catholicism, 

3. Proceeding upon a griorz principles accepted 
as true, instead of being founded upon experience 
or induction, as dogmatic philosophy, medicine. 

1696 Puitwirs (ed. 5), Dogmatick Philosophy, is that 
which [ed. 1706 being grounded upon sound Principles] 
cape assures a thing, and is opposed to Sceptic. 1823 

RABB Technol, Dict., Dogmatic sect (Med.), an ancient 
sect of physicians, at the head of which is placed Hippo- 
crates, 1864 Bowen Logic x. 330 The foundations of all 
philosophy, whether dogmatic, critical, or sceptical. 

. Of persons, their writings, etc.: Asserting or 
imposing dogmas or opinions, in an authoritative, 
imperious, or arrogant manner. 

_ 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Dogmatic, stiff 
in opinion. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 253 P7 criticks 
who write in a positive dogmatick way. 1814 D'Israett 
Quarrels Auth. (1867) 458 He wrote against dogmas witha 
spirit perfectly dogmatic. 1868 M. Pattison Academt. Org. 
v. 306 Not by dogmatic delivery of truths, but by scientific 
training in the method of enquiry. 1873 HeLrs Anim. § 
Mast. viii. (1875) 200 One is afraid of being dogmatic about 
it, and of being dogmatically wrong, : 


583 


+b. Of assured opinion, convinced. Obs. rare. 

1678 Cupwortn Jntel/, Syst. 434 (R.) From sundry other 
places of his writings, it sufficiently appears, that he [Cicero] 
was a dogmatick and hearty theist. 

B. sb. +1. A philosopher of the dogmatic 
school ; = DocMartist 3. Ods. 

@ 1631 Donne Parado-res (1652) 22 The Skeptike .. was 
more contentious then..the Dogmatick. 1650 Hossrs De 
Corp. Pol.165 All these Opinions are maintained in the Books 
of the Dogmaticks, and divers of them taught in Publick 
Chaires. 1702 tr, Le Clerc’s Prim. Fathers 57 A Suspen- 
sion [of judgment] suited not with the Dogmaticks, who can 
hardly confess that they know not all things. 

+ b. A dogmatic physician; see quot. 1883. Ods. 

1605 Time Quersit. Pref. 5 Among Physitians there are 
Empericks, Dogmaticks, Methodici, or Abbreuiators, and 
Paracelsians. 1771 ‘I’. Percivat Med. § Exp. Ess. (1778) 
I. 41 (heading) The Dogmatic; or Rationalist. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex. Dogmatics, an ancient sect of physicians, so 
called because they endeavoured to discover, by reasoning, 
the essence and the occult causes of diseases, 

+2. A dogmatic person. Ods. 

1640 Hospes /fum. Nat. xiii. § 4 The fault lieth altogether 
in the dogmatics, that is to say, those that are imperfectly 


learned, and with passion press to have their opinions pass | 


every where for truth. 

3. Chiefly in 2. form Dogmatics: A system of 
dogma ; spec. dogmatic theology. 

1845 Geo. Exior in Life (1885) 137 ‘ Dogmatik’ is the 
idea, I believe —i.e. positive theology. Is it allowable to 
say dogmatics, think you? 1857 M. Patrison “ss, (1889) 
II. 222 The Reformation dogmatic rests on .. the exclusive 
sufficiency of Scripture. 1858 Lond. Rev. Oct. 220 To 
expound the polemical dogmatics of the Reformation. 1893 
Fairsairn Christ in Mod. Theol. 1.1. i. 29 note, ‘The book 
‘De Theologicis Dogmatibus’, published at Paris 1644-50 
..the first attempt at a scientific history of dogmata, and.. 
notable as suggesting to modern theology the tern: Dog- 
matics. 1894 Mitcuett tr. Harnack's Hist. Dogma i. 28 
Dogmatic is a positive science which has to take its material 


” from history. 


Hence Dogmasticism, dogmatic quality. 

1880 Farrpairn Stud. Life Christ ix. (1881) 156 The dog- 
maticism he subtly concealed. 

Dogmatical (dggmz'tikal), a. (sd.) [fas prec. 
+-AL.] 

1. Of, pertaining to, or dealing with dogmas ; 
of the nature of dogma; = DoGMatic a. 1, 2. 

1604 R. Cawprey 7adle Alph. (1613), Dogmaticall, that 
giueth instructions. 1627 Minsneu Ductor Ling. (ed. 2), 
Dogmaticall, of or pertaining to a Sect or opinion. a@ 1631 
Donne in Sedect. (1840) 41 To make a true difference between 
problematical and dogmatical points. 1642 Futter Holy & 
Prof. St. 1. vi. 70 Their Rhetoricall hyperboles were after- 
wards accounted the just measure of dogmaticall truths. 
1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl, 327 These Dogmatical books 
contain in them Doctrines. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. 
Ref. III. o9 The intolerant domination of a dogmatical 
system. 1876 Moziey Univ. Serm. i. 11 We .. look upon 
the judgment in its dogmatical aspect. 

=Doematic 3. Obs. 

1605 Timme Quersit. 1. vii. 26 The dogmatical Physitians 
..are wont to refer to those qualities. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cyc?. s.v.. In common use, a dogmatical philosopher is such 
a oneas asserts things positively ; in opposition to a Sceptic, 
who doubts of every thing. A dogmatical physician is he, 
who, on the principles of the school-philosophy, rejects all 
medicinal virtues not reducible to manifest qualities. 

3. Asserting or maintaining dogmas or opinions ; 
arbitrary, positive; = DOGMATIC a. 4. 

1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr.1. i. § 12 How uncertain the 
most dogmatical of them all were. 1751 JouNson Rambler 
No. 177 P 3, I became decisive and dogmatical, impatient 
of contradiction. @ 1852 D. Wesster Ws. VI. 148 Nothing 
is more apt to be positive and dogmatical than ignorance. 

+B. sb. pl. Obs. 1. = Dogmatics. (See Doc- 
MATIC B 3.) 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, i. xiii, § 1. 50 They hasted to 
their Theories and Dogmaticals. 1716 Davies A then. Brit. 
u. 372 That Edition of Anselm’s- Dogmaticals. 

2. Medicines of the dogmatic physicians. 

1656 Rinciey Pract. Physic 26 Empericalls are: Earth- 
worms provided several wayes. Dogmaticalls: Senna 
powder, 2 drams. 

Hence Do:gmatica‘lity, dogmaticalness. 

1793 in L. Twining Country Clergym. 18th C. (1882) 175 
‘Too much dogmaticality, too overbearing a manner. 
Dogmastically, adv. [f. prec. + -LY2.] In 
a dogmatic or dogmatical manner. 

1. By way of, in point of, or with respect to dogma 
or dogmas ; by a dogmatic method. 

1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Praise Henipseed 49 Wks. m. 
© For he (dogmatically) doth know more Than all the 
earned Doctors knew before. 165: Hopes Govt. § Soc. xv. 
§ 10. 244 We. .praise, and celebrate in words, when we doe 
it by way of Proposition, or Dogmatically. 1871 Mortey 
Voltaire (1886) 245 Catholicism. . was believed dogmatically, 

and therefore was to be attacked dogmatically. 

2. With an assumption of positive certainty ; 
positively or imperiously in the assertion of opinion. 

ro he More Myst. Inig., Afol. vii. § 3. 528 Thus far we 
have been bold to proceed more dogmatically. 1670 A/oral 
State Eng. 113 Not imposing his opinion upon any Magis- 
terially or Dogmatically. 1796 Phil. Trans. LXXX z. 
500 Weare not possessed of observations sufficiently decisive 
to enable us to speak eee. «1845 Hoop Laying 
down Law i, Dogmatically laying down the law. 

Dogma‘ticalness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being dogmatical ; positiveness, 

171x SHartessury Charac. (1749) I. 52 ‘The tutorage and 

latical of the Schools. 1765 Westey Wks. (1872) 
XII. 239 My dogmaticalness is..a custom of coming to 


DOGMATIZATION. 


the point at once, and telling my mind flat and plain. 1808 
in Harl. Misc. 1. Machiavelli's Vind. Summ. 57 He care- 
fully avoided all dogmaticalness. 

Dogmatician (dpgmati‘fan). [f. Doamaric a. 
+-IAN.] A student or professor of dogmatics. 

1846 Worcester cites Q. Nev. a1849 Por JMellonta 
Tauta Wks. 1864 1V. 294 It would have puzzled these 
ancient dogmaticians. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Know. 
III. 2417 Without laying claim to being a keen critic, or 
a stern dogmatician, 

Dogmatism (dp‘gmiatiz’m). [a. F. dogmatisme 
(16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ‘the teaching, or preach- 
ing of new doctrine, the producing of a new sect’ 
(Cotgr.), ad. med.L. dogmatism-us ‘ dissertatio, 
docendi ars’ (Du Cange), a. Gr. type *5oyparia pds, 
f. Sdypa, Soypar- DocmMa: see -18sM. Used by 
Florio in translating from French, but not in Blount, 
Phillips, Kersey, Bailey, Ash ; used by Dr. Johnson 
1751, but not given in his Dictionary.] 

1. Positive assertion of dogma or opinion ; dog- 
matizing ; positiveness in the assertion of opinion. 

1603 FLorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 281 A very foolish 
answer: to which..Dogmatisme arriveth. 1627 MinsHeU 
Ductor Ling. (ed. 2), Dogmatisme, the teaching of a new 
Sect or opinion. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 106 P 3 
Dogmatism has delighted in the gradual advances of his 
authority. 1777 Priestiey Jatt. § Spir. (1782) I. xvii. 201 
A small share of natural science..generally accompanies 
conceit and dogmatism. 1825 Macaucay J/7/ton Ess. (1854) 
19/t Dogmatism on points the most mysterious. 1843 
Prescott J/exico App. (1864) 473 Where there is most 
doubt, there is often the most dogmatism. 

2. With f/.: A dogmatic tenet or system. rare. 

1803 Adin. Rev. 1. 265 The theory of transcendentalism 
may therefore be a better dogmatism than others. 1820 

» Huxt /udicator No. 15 (1822) IL. 114 ‘The ethereal 
dogmatisms of Plotinus and Porphyry. 1871 ALABASTER 
Wheel of Law 39 Vhese dogmatisms are not attributed to 
Buddha. 3 

3. /’hilos. A system of philosophy based upon 
principles dictated by reasoning alone, and not 
relying upon experience; opposed to scepfictsi. 
More generally, a way of thinking based upon prin- 
ciples which have not been tested by reflection. 

1858 WHEWELL //is¢, Scé. /deas I, 292(L.) The skepticism 
of the uniformitarian is of force only so long as it is employed 
against the dogmatism of the catastrophist. 1858 Manser 
Bampton Lect. i. (ed. 4) 3 Vheological Dogmatism is..< 
application of reason to the support and defence of pre- 
existing statements of Scripture. xe77 E. Cairn Philos. 
Kant I, 2 What Kant meant we may best understand if we 
consider how he opposes Criticism to two other forms of philo- 
sophy, Dogmatism and Scepticism, 1881 Apamson /ichte 
vi. 126 Do we explain experience as the product of the 
non-Ego, we have the system which may be called Dogma- 
tism; do we explain the whole as springing from the Ego, 
we have Idealism. 

Dogmatist dpgmiatist). [a. F. dogmatiste 
(16th c.), ad. med.L. dogmatista, ad. Gr. Soypa- 
TioTHs, agent-n. from doyparifey : see DOGMATIZE. 
(The logical and chronological orders differ.) ] 

1. One who dogmatizes, who asserts or lays down 
particular dogmas; esf. one who positively asserts 
or imposes his own opinions ; a dogmatic person. 

1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 565 That which Salomon 
livered as a Dogmatist. 1661 GLANVILL Sceps7s Scé. 3 : 
(R.), I expect but little success ofall this upon the dogmatist, 
his opinion’d assurance is paramount to argument. 1706 
Puities (ed. Kersey), Dogmatist, one that dogmatizes, a 
dogmatical ‘Teacher. 1741 Watts /iprov. Mind 1, i. § 10 
A dogmatist in religion is not a great way off from a bigot. 
1775 Jounson Zax. no Tyr. 16 Many political dogmatists 
have denied to the Mother Country the power of taxing 
the Colonies. 1854 Kincstey Alexandria iv. 137 Dogma- 
tists..men who assert a truth so fiercely, as to forget that 
a truth is meant to be used, and not merely asserted. 

+2. A propounder of new opinions or doctrines. 

1577-87 HotinsHep Chron. Il, 116 A councell assembled 
at Oxford, whereat those dogmatists were examined upon 
certeine points of their profession. 1656 BLount Glossogr., 
Dogmatist, he that induceth any new Sect or Opinion.. 
a forger of new Sects, 1660 Bonp Scut. Reg. 69 With this 
new upstart Doctrine have our Apocryphal Dogmatists in 
England led the rascal rabble. 1797 Sournry Lett. /r. 
2 a (1808) II. 260 What regards heretics and dogmatists. 

. One who belongs to the dogmatic school of 
philosophy: see DocMari¢ a. 3, and quot. 1858. 

1603 Forio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 294 Some have judged 
Plato a Dogmatist, others a Skeptike or a Doubter. 1690 
Drypen Don Sebast. Ded., Of the academic sect, neither 
dogmatist nor stoic. 1858 ManseL Bampton Lect. i. (ed. 4) 
2 In the later language of philosophy .. the term Dogma- 
tists was used to denote those philosophers who endeavoured 
to explain the phenomena of experience by means of rational 
conceptions and demonstrations. . . 

b. A physician of the dogmatic school of medi- 


cine: see DOGMATIC a. 3. 

1541 R. CopLanp Galyen’s Terap. 2 Biij, Some Dogma- 
tystes which do affyrme to heale such dyseases by experyence 
onely without racyonall indicion. 1607 WALKINGTON Of/?. 
Glass 44 The inexpert physician, I meane..the methodist 
or dogmatist. 1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. s.v. Blood, The 
Dogmatists make a Plaister of it..the Chymists..extract a 
Salt from it, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Dogmatiza‘tion. vare. [f. next + -arion.] 
The action of dogmatizing ; the propounding of 
a dogma. 

1875 Giapstonr Vaticanism ii. 36 The Syllabus is part of 
that series of acts to which the dogmatisations of 1854 and 
1870 belong, and it bridges over the interval between them, 


DOGMATIZE. 


Dogmatize (dggmitsiz), v. [ad. F. dogma- 
tise-r (13th c.), ad. med.L. dogmatizare to pro- 
pound dogma, ad. Gr. doyparifey to lay down as 
one’s opinion, to decree, f. déypa, déypar- Docma.] 

1. intr. To make dogmatic assertions; to speak 
authoritatively or imperiously («fo a subject) 
without reference to argument or evidence. 

1611 Biste 7vanst. Pref. 11 To admonish the Reader.. 
not to conclude or dogmatize vpon this or that peremp- 
torily. 1742 Pore Dunc. 1v. 464 Prompt to im , and 
fond to dogmatize. 1790 Burke Fr. Kev. 37 “hese old 


fanaticks. .dogmatised as if hereditary royalty was the ma | | 


lawful government. 1840 CartyLe Heroes 1, (1872) 22 
question which nobody would wish to dogmatise upon. 

+b. See quots.: cf. Doemarist 2, and F. dog- 
matiser, ‘to teach strange doctrine . . or broach new 
opinions’ (Cotgr.). Obs. 

1613 Crt. & Times Fas. I (1849) I. 262 The king..was so 
moved that he should dogmatize (as he called it) in his 
court. 1696 Puitips (ed. 5), To Dogmatize, to teach new 
Opinions, to contest the Truths of Re igion. . 

. trans. To assert or deliver as a dogma; to 
establish as a matter of dogma; to state dogmati- 
cally; to express in the form of adogma. Now rare. 

1621 Br. H. Kino Serm. 60 Hee .. dogmatizes them for 
truth. 1626 W. Scrater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 104 When 
were these dogmatized and decretally stablished for catho- 
lique doctrine? 1647 Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. xiv. § 4 (L.) 
They would not endure Persons that did dogmatize any 
thing which might intrench upon their Reputation or their 
Interest. 1893 N. Smyru Chr. Ethics 1. it. 1. § 2. 95 Their 
hope, as well as their law, had become..increasingly dog- 
matized. 

3. To dogmatize away, to do away with by dog- 
matic assertion. 

1829 Macautay Mill on Govt, Misc. Writ. (1889) 174 He 
placidly dogmatises away the interest of one half of the 
human race. 

Hence Do‘gmatized f//. a., Do*gmatizing vbl. 
sb. and ppl. a. i. 

1641 J. Lompes Leaven of Pharisaicall Wil-worship (1643) 
2 The Apostle condemnes dogmatizing. 1712 Blackmore 
Creation 11. 42 Dogmatizing Schools. 1865 BusHNeLt Vicar. 
Sacr. Introd. (1866) 27 A theory or dogmatized scheme of 
the incarnate life. 

Do'gmatizer. [f. prec. + -ER1.] One who 
dogmatizes ; a dogmgtist. 

1612-20 SHELTON Quix. (T.), The dogmatizer and head 
ofa bad sect. a1660 Hammonp Ws, IL. tv. 139 (R.) The 
very dogmatizer, that teacheth for doctrines or command- 
ments of God, his own dictates. 1709 Suartess. J/oradist 
u. i, Dogmatizers on Pleasure. 1860 S. WIperrorce Addr. 
Ordin. 148 Cold, quarrelsome, and unloving dogmatizers. 

Dogmato- [Gr. doypar0-], comb. f. of Docma, 
as in Dogmato‘logy [ad. Gr. doypatoAoyia], the 
science of dogma; Dogmatope‘ic a. [f. Gr. 507- 
paroroia), creating dogmas. 

1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. viii. 341 The comparative 
science of religions, or, if we might coin a word, of Dog- 
matology. 1893 Contemp. Rev. Apr. 460 The people who 
claim this novel right of erecting new dogmatic barriers.. 
the dogmatopaic agency, if | may be permitted to coin 
a word, are exclusively theologians. 


+ Dogmatory, @. Obs. rare. 
see DoGMA and -ory.] Dogmatic. 

1846 WorcestTER cites For. QO. Rev. 

Dog-nail. A nail having a solid and slightly 
countersunk head; also a large nail with a head 
ghaaeip, Se one side; also = Doe 7 p. 

1703 T. N. City § C. Purchaser 211 Dogg-nails .. are 
proper for fastning of Hinges to Doors for..they will hold 
the Hinge close without the Heads flying off. 1776 G. 
SempLe Building in Water 87 A Ledge nailed on with 


[f. Gr. Soypar-: 


Dog-nails. 1879 Notes on Build. Constr. ui. 441 Dog nails | 


..are used for nailing down heavy ironwork. 

Dogorlogy. monce-wd. [See -oLocy.] The 
science or subject of dogs. 

1820 Sporting Mag. V1. 85 A long s h on ‘dogology’. 
1832 Hears Mage VI. 722 A book moni dogalogy. = 

+ Do'-good. ds. One who or that which does 
good, or is of use. 

1654 WuitLock Zootomia 723 That they may be accounted 
Pin Deg and Do-goods. id 7 

-plate. aie 

1 ?A igo given as a prize ina dog-race. Ods. 

1686 Lond. Gas. No. 2166/4 There will be a Dog-Plate 
run for each day. : , 

2. Ina lathe, a plate which imparts rotation to 
the work to be turned, by means of ‘dogs’: see 
Doe sd. 71. 

Dog-ray : see List of Spurious Words.) 
“rose. Also 6-8 dogs-rose. [A transl. 
of med.L. rosa canina, repr. L. cynorrodon (Pliny), 
Gr. kvvdpodov, f. cvvo- dog- + pd5ov rose: see quots. 

1597, 1830. The name is thus not of popular 
origin.) A common species of wild rose (Rosa 
canina), with pale red flowers, frequent in hedges. 

White dog-rose, a book-name for R. arvensis. 

1597 Grrarve /erbal 1088 Plinie .. saith, that it is Rosa 
Canina— s Rose. 1 Phil. Trans. No. 114 (Bartho- 
loni’s Acta Med. & Phil.) A sdrt of Dogs-rose or Briar-bush. 
1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. (J.), Of the rough or hairy ex- 
crescence, those on the briar, or dogrose, are a good instance. 
1778 Licurroor Flora Scot. (1789) 1. 261 RX. arvensis, White- 
flowered Dogs-rose. 1 Withering’s Brit. Plants (ed. 7) 
III. 618 note, By the ks Wild Roses were called xvvé- 
podov, because the root was thought to cure the bite of a 


| so call’d because it kills Dogs. 


| Coter., Gans a’ ocaigne, 
ngl. | 


584 


mad dog; and hence the Latin canina, our Dog Rose. 
1861 Neate Notes Dalmatia, etc. 93 Dog-roses that skirt 


road. 
Do'g’s-bane, do'g-bane. 
rendering of the ancient names 4, m and 
Cynoctonum, given to various plants reputed to 
be poisonous to dogs, chiefly of the orders a 
dacee and Apocynacew; now a book-name of the 
latter, and specifically of Afocynum androsemt- 


Solium. 


1 Grrarve Herbal u. pecan, 255 ay 2 bane is a 
deadly and dangerous plant, especially to fower footed 
beasts. 1726 Dict. Rust, etc. (ed. 3), Dogs-bane, an Herb 
Treas. Bot., Dogbanes, 
a name given by Lindley to the 4 atez. Dog's-bane, 
aname for Afocynum ; also Aconitum Cynoctonum, 

Dog sees, sb, [cf. next.] 

1. The corner of a leaf of a book, etc. turned over 
like a dog’s ear by constant or careless use, or to 
serve as a book-mark. 


¢172a5 Arsutunot & Pore Mem. P. P. Clerk of this | 


Parish (T.), 1 did make plain and smooth the dogs ears 
throughout our great bible. 1750 Gray Long Story 68 
Creased, like dogs-ears, in a folio, 1857 Mrs. MarHews 
Tea-Table Talk 11. 43 Dog's ears and other deteriorations. . 
disgust the fastidious taste during perusal. 

U.S. Naut. A small bight formed in the 
leech-rope of a sail in reefing, etc. “Hamersly’s 
Nav. Encycl, (1881). 

Dog’s-ear, v. Also dog-ear. [cf. prec. 

So far as our evidence goes, the vb. is the earlier, the 
sense being evidently to make the leaf like the ear of a dog 
with its turned-down tip.] 

trans. To damage or disfigure (a book, etc.) by 
turning or folding down the corners of the leaves. 

a 1659 Ossorn Misc. To Rdr. (1673) 5 To ruffle, dogs-ear, 
and contaminate by base Language and spurious censures 
the choicest leaves. 1775 SHERIDAN Rivals 1. ii, Lady 
Slattern Lounger. .had so soiled and dogs’-eared it, it wa'n't 
fit for a Christian to read. 1886 J. R. Rees Divers. Bk.- 
qvormt Vv. 174 [A] book .. kept specially for Charles Lamb 
to finger and dog-ear when he came. 1891 E. Gosse Gossip 
in Library xiii. 164 She did not dog’s-ear her little library. 

Hence Dog’s-eared (dog-eared) f//. a. 

1784 Cowrer Jiroc. 402 A dog’s-ear’d Pentateuch. 1824 
Macavtay Misc. Writ. (1860) I. 125 The old schoolroom, 
the dog-eared grammar. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxiv, 
A few dog’s-eared books upon a high shelf. 1844 — 
Chimes 20 (Hoppe) The pockets of his trousers, very large 
and dog’s-eared. 

Dog’s fennel, -grass: see Doc-r., Doc-c. 

+ Dog’s-head. 0s. 

1. A dog-faced baboon: =D0G-HEAD I. 

rggr Percivatt Sp. Dict., Cabega de perro, dogs head. 

2. A bad throwat dice: vg dog-chance, dog-throw 
(Doe sé, 18 a). 

¢x6a0 Fietcuer & Mass. Trag. Barnaveltv.ii.in Bullen 
O. PLA. 304 Hereare the dyce, and ile begin to ye. . Dewce 
ace; a doggs-head ! 

3. A term of reproach or abuse [tr. Gr. euvdays]. 

1676 Hopes //iad 1. 155 Whereof no notice (Dogshead) 
now you take. 

Dogship (dp'gfip). [f. Doo sd. + -sHIP, after 
lordship, etc.) ‘The personality of a dog. 

1 Mrs. Beun Feigned Courtesans um. i. Wks. 1724 II. 
312 Yes, when your Dogship’s damn'd. 1860 Ruskin Mod. 
Paint. V. 1x. li. § 21. 228 The dog .. cannot understand . . 
why she is allowed to stay, disturbing the family, and taking 
all their attention from his dogship. 

Dog-shore. Each of two blocks of timber 
used to prevent a ship from starting off the slips 
while the keel-blocks are being removed in pre- 
paration for launching. 

1 D. Steet Naval Archit. u. 396 The dog-shores 
should be knocked down, each falling instantly. 1861 Sata 
Dutch Pict, xi. 171 The dogshores were knocked away, the 
frigate slid down her ways, and took the water, 1877 
SpurGeon Serm. XXIII. 211 Useful as the scaffold to a 
house or the dogshores toa ship. 


Dog-skin. ‘The skin of a dog, or the leather | 


made from it; also applied to a kind of leather 
made from sheep-skin, 

1731 A. Hitt Adv. Poets Ep. 16 Or Mr. Lun may be out 
of his Dogskin? 1790 Med. Commun. Il, 421 The whole .. 
to be sheathed with thin dogskin. 1830 T, A. Jones 77ad. 
N. Amer. Ind. U1. 18 He threw the dog-skins into the fire, 

b. attrib. Made of dog-skin. 

1676 Hoses //iad (1677) 145 Meriones unto Ulysses gave 
His bow and quiver, sword and dogskin cap. 1710 STEELE 
Tatler No. 245 ® 2 Three Pair of oiled Dogskin Gloves. 

+ Dog’s-leather. 0s. i neat's leather. 
Leather made of the skin of ; =prec. 

1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. VJ, Ww, ii, 26 Hee shall haue the 
skinnes of our enemies, to make Dogges Leather of. 1611 
Dogs oe “eae oyled in the 
inside to keepe the hands moist, and le. x 

-sleep. * reference to the light sleeping 
of dogs, and the difficulty of telling whether, when 
their eyes are shut, they are asleep or not.] 

+1. Feigned or pretended sleep. Ods. 


1613 Oversury A Wife (1638 A jealous man sleepes 
dog-sleepes. a 1625 Bad hs osnen leased mi. iv. 171% 
Appison Spect. No. 184% 6 He is nted to have slept 


what the common People call a ’s Sleep ; or if his 
was real, his Wife won avalins Fy Business. 

2. A light or fitful sleep, easily interrupted. 

1708 Morrevux Radelais ww. Ixiii. (1737) - How one 
might avoid Dog-sleep. 1822 De Quincey Confess. Wks. 


[See Bane.] A 


| star levelled his Rays full at his Head. ig Cycl. 
, i latitudes, and 


s letiee. fuacd. Lo Ners conten Persius] 


the snarl of a dog. 

(1598 Suaxs. Rom. ‘a Ful. u1. iv. 223 Doth not Rosemarie 
and Romeo begin both with a letter ?.. Both with an R...A 
mocker ! that’s the dogs name.) 1636 B. Jonson Exg. Gram, 
R is the dog’s letter, and hurreth in the sound, the tongue 
striking the inner rary with a trembling about the teeth. 
a1670 Hacker Aép, Williams 1. (1692) 55 Whose pamphlet 

ing fos» 


is Laas ered Rhotacismus, one snarli letter all over. 
1830 Westm. Rev. X11. 356 There is only the difference of 
the dog’s letter between lend and [fiend]. 


Dog’s-meat, dog’s meat. : 

1. Food for dogs, prepared from horse-flesh or 
scraps of offal, etc., and sold by street dealers. 

1593 Nasne Strange News Ep. Ded. Wks. 1883-4 II. 180 
We haue cattes meate and dogges meate inough these 
mungrels. 1812 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 54 The 
horses are scarcely good enough for dog's meat. 

2. transf. and fig. Carrion ; offal. Zo make dog’ s- 
meat of : to kill and throw to the dogs. 

1606 Hieron Wes. I. 43 Paul did account all things but 
dogs-meat, fer the excellent knowledge sake of Christ Jesus. 
1708 Mrs. Centiivre Busie Body Vv. iii, Rascals, retire ; 
she’s my Wife, touch her if you dare, I’ll make s-meat of 
you. 1837 Marryat Dog-frend ii. (L.), Better die at once, 


| than be made dog’s meat of in this here way. 


3. aitrib., as dog’s-meat man, a seller of dog’s- 
meat. 

1837 Dickens Pickw. xxii, ‘That’s what I call a self- 
evident proposition, as the dog’s-meat man said, when the 
house-maid told him he warn't a gentleman.” 


Dog’s mercury, dog-: see MERCURY. 
Dog’s nose, dog’s-nose. A name given to 


| a mixed liquor, compounded of beer and gin, or of 


ale and rum: see quots. 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. (Farmer). Dickens 
Pickw. xxxiii, He is not certain whether he did not twice 
a week, for twenty years, taste ‘dog’s nose’, which your 
committee find upon inquiry, to be compounded of warm * 
porter, moist sugar, gin, and nutmeg. Mrs. Gaskett 
C. Bronte (1862) 19 Rum, or ale, or a mixture of both called 
‘dog’s nose’, 1863 — Sylvia's L. III. a The serjeant. . 
—— up his own mug of beer, into which a noggin of gin 
had been put (called in Yorkshire ‘ dog’s nose’). 

*s-tail. Also dog-tail. [a transl. of Bot. 
L. Cynosurus, or Gr. xvvécovpa.] 

1, (Usually Dog’s-tail Grass.) A genus of grasses, 
Cynosurus, the chief species of which is Crested 
Dog’s-tail Grass, C. cristatus, so called because the 
flowers in each panicle all point one way, like the 
hairs of a dog’s tail. 

1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. Cynosurus, a 's-tail, in 
iooey, a kind of grass. 1 .. STILLINGFL. Ske Tracts 
(1775) 362 I have .. given English names to them of my own 
invention . .. Dog's tail grass, crested. 1799 J. Ropertson 
Agric. Perth 208 S' stalked meadow-grass .. and the 


| crested dog-tail..are well adapted for eg pasture, 1806-7 


A. Youne Agric. E. (1813) L. 9g T in grasses 
oT calen cs crammed dagaal Oh 

- A‘ translation of Gr. «vvécoupa, name of the 

constellation of the Little Bear: =CYNOSURE 1. 

1867 Smytn Sailor's Word-bk., Dog's tail, a name for the 
constellation Ursa Minor or Little Bear. . 

Dorg-star. [after the Gr. and L. names «vow, 
canicula (canis). 

1. The star Sirius, in the constellation of the 
Greater Dog, the brightest of the fixed stars. Also 
applied to Procyon (the Lesser -star), a star of 
the first magnitude in the Lesser 7 

The ‘influence’ of these, or of one of them, when rising 
nearly with the sun, was encieniy supposed to cause exces- 
sive heat and other pernicious effects ; see Doc-pays. 
ps7 E, K. —_ Soe oe Co Tey, ar We 

starre, us, or nicl reignet| 
pr tee Ode Horace ta. ii. 26 Beneath the dog-star’s 
raging heat. 1712 Bupcett Spect. No. 42 


XXII. 62 s.v. Sirius, In the Medi 
in antient times, it was 
. ry + iA, d with the h ti. 1 risi 
e say the dog-star, without speci 
; it is uncertain which 
attrib. 1654 Vuvain Epit. Ess. v. 50 Three Dog-star 
Suns in Sky somtimes are seen. 1843. ACAULAY Lays Anc. 
Rome, Virginia 123 No fire when iber freezes, no air in 
dog-star heat. 
+2. Humorously applied to a comet: Oe Ps 
1712 Swirt Wond. P: »y Wks. 1755 II]. 1. 173 
au appeareth !.. Think not that this baleful dog-star only 
shaketh his tail at you in waggery. z 
Do'g-stone. A stone used for a millstone. 


dog-star. i 
it was Sirius or 


Do 

Turner, Lyte) ; from the sha) 
Shee for = bods British s Be ot 
i156. 1672-3 Grew 4 


stalk, as in dogstones. a 
is a preparation of the root of Orchis, or Dogstones. 


. 


DOG'S-TONGUE. 


Do'g’s-tongue. Also dog-. [transl. L. cyzto- 
glossum (Pliny), Gr. kvvd-yAwaoor (Dioscorides).] 

1. Thegenus Cyog/ossum of boraginaceous plants, 
esp. the common species C. officinale; also called 

ound’s-tongue. (From the shape of the leaves.) 

1s30 Patscr. 214/2 Doggestong or horehounde, an herbe. 
1848 Turner Names of Herbes, Cynaglossus the second of 
Plinie. .called in englishe Houndes tong or dogs tonge. 1570 
Levins Manip. 167/12 Dogtong, cynoglossus. 1607 ‘Torsett 
Serpents (1658) 730 The stalks of Dogs-tongue, the powder 
of the right horn of a Hart. 1860 Reape Cloister & /. xciv, 
His remedies were ‘ womanish and weak’. Sage and worm- 
wood .. dog’s-tongue, our Lady’s mantle, feverfew, and 
Faith, and all in small quantities except the last. 

+2. Akind of flat-fish, prob. P/atessa cynoglossus. 

1611 Cotar., Pole, the Sole-fish called a Dogs-tongue, or 
kind foole. 1708 Morreux Radelais iv. 1x. (1737) 247 Dog’s 
Tongue, or Kind-Fool. 

Dog’s-tooth. Also dog-tooth. 


med.L. dens canis.] 

1. (Now Dog’s or Dog-tooth Violet.) The Eng- 
lish name of the genus Zrythronium of liliaceous 
plants, esp. Z. Dens-canis, a garden plant with 
spotted leaves and purple flowers, which appear 
early in spring; so called from the teeth on the 
inner segments of the perianth. 

1578 Lyre Dodoens u. xlv. 203 Dogges tooth. .hath for the 
most parte but two leaues, speckled with great redde spottes. 
1629 Parkinson Paradisus 194 It is most commonly called 
Dens caninus, and..in English either Dogs tooth or Dogs 
tooth Violet. 184: Mrs. Loupon Ladies’ Comp. Fl. Garden 
99 Dog’s-tooth Violet .. is a pretty bulbous-rooted plant, 
with spotted leaves and purple flowers. 

2. A species of grass, Cynodon Dactylon. 

Sometimes erroneously given as a name for 7'riticnui 
caninum (DoG-Grass). 

1600 SuRFLET Countrie Farme 1. x. 50 He shall. .plucke 
vp from them [the vines] the grasse called dogs tooth. 1830 
Sie Brit. Pl, (1837) 70 Creeping Dog’s-tooth-grass. 
1 C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 17 Bamboo, to 
which are attached bundles of fine dog’s-tooth grass. 

q See also DoG-ToorH. 

Dog-tired, z. [See Doc 17d.] As tired as 
a dog after a long chase; extremely tired, tired out. 

1809-12 Mar. EpcewortH Lunui vi. Wks. 1832 VI. 47 
Wretched little dog-tired creatures. 1813 Jans AUSTEN 
Lett. 11, 211 It was 12 before we reached home. We were 
all dog-tired. 186x Hucues Tom Brown at Oxf. iii, ’m 
dog-tired of driving and doing the High Street. 

og-tooth, Also dog’s-tooth. 

1. A canine tooth or eye-tooth: see CANINE a. 2. 


[trans]. of 


1382 [see Doccy a.1]. 1552 Hutoet, Doggesteeth, dentes 
canini, 1 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 105 There 


are other twaine on each side, commonly called dogge-teeth. 
1668 Cucrerrer & Cote Barthol. Anat. Man. iv. xii. 348 
Cutters, Dog-teeth, and Grinders. 1731 ARsuTHNoT A/i- 
ments (J.), For dividing of flesh, sharp-pointed or dog-teeth. 
1893 A. H.S. Lanpor Hairy Ainu in Yezo 233 Uncovering 
their fangs or dog teeth, 

2. Dog-tooth spar: a variety of calcareous spar, 
crystallizing in pointed scalenohedral forms. 

1728 Woopwarp Catal, Fossils 11. 78 They call it Dog- 
Tooth-Spar. 1823 H. J. Brooke /xtrod. Crystallogr. 87 
The dodecahedral variety of carbonate of lime, commonly 
called dog-tooth spar. 1860 Pirsse Lab. Chem. Wonders 
33. Dogtooth crystals of carbonate of lime. 

3. Arch, A pointed ornament or moulding sug- 
gesting the idea of a projecting tooth, frequent in ® 
early medizeval architecture. Also attrib. 

1836 H. G. Knicut Archit. Tour Normandy 199 The 
most common mouldings are the billet..star, rope, beak- 
head, dog-tooth. 185 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xiv, English 
dogtooth moulding, whose sharp zigzag mingles richly with 
the curved edges of the tiling. /dzd. I. xx. §23 The four- 
sided pyramid. .is called in architecture a dogtooth. 1860 
G. E. ramey in Archexol. Cant. 111. 116 The label is 
enriched with dog-teeth. 1870 F. R. Witson Ch, Lindisf. 
167 Enriched with..dogtooth ornament. 

4. (Also dog’s-tooth.) ‘A sharp steel punch used 
4 marble-workers ’ (Knight Dect. Mech.). 

. attrib. Dog-tooth bit: used as a rendering of 
L. /upatum frenum, a curb studded with jagged 
points like a wolf’s teeth. 

1894 GLapstonE Horace, Odes 11 His Gallic steed he doth 
not guide With dogtooth bit, 

Hence Dog-tooth v. ¢vans., to decorate with dog- 
tooth moulding: see 3. 

1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xxiii. § 12 It might easily have 
been dogtoothed, but the Byzantine architects had not 
invented the dogtooth. 1889 J.T. FowLrer Notes on All 
Saints’, Winterton 11 Thetwo[columns]..with dog-toothed, 
horizontal bands. 

Dog-tree. [app. as bearing DoG-BERRIES, q.v. ; 
wheuce called by the early herbalists dogderry-tree.] 

1. The Common Dogwood or Wild Cornel. 

1548 Turner Names of Herbes 30 Cornus..The female is 
plentuous in Englande and the buchers make prickes of it, 
some cal.it Gadrise or dog tree. 1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage 
1. xvi. 326 The barke of the Cornell or dogge-tree. 

2. Locally applied to the 2s aoe Euonymus 
europeus, the Elder, Sambucus nigra, and the 
Guelder-Rose, Viburnum Opulus. 

1703 Tuorespy Lef. to Ray (E. D. S.), Bur-tree, an elder 
or dog-tree. 1878-86 Britten & Hottanp Plant-n., Dog-tree 
..(2) Euonymus europeus. Warw. Ibid. App., Dog-tree, 
Viburnum Opulus. Warw. 

Dog-trick. ? Oés. A low or ‘scurvy’ trick ; 
a treacherous or spiteful act; an ill turn. 

¢ 1540 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd, No, 36) 284, I will 

Vo, III. 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


* beadle of a church, 


585 


heere, in the way of mirthe, declare a prettie dog tricke 
or gibe as concerninge this mayden.. 1577 Harrison Eng- 
dand it. ix. (1878) 11. 64 Gewgaws for fooles, dogtricks 
for disards. 16r2 IT. JAMES Jesuits’ Downf. 13 They haue 
sundrie other dogtricks of cousenage. 1690 DrypEN Don 
Sebast.1.i, Learn better manners, or I shall serve you a dog- 
trick, 1803 Zimes in Spirit. Pub. Fruls, (1804) VII. 364 
Who scorns to resent that same dog-trick he play’d him. 

Dog-trot. 

1. An easy trot like that of a dog. 

1664 Butter Hud, u. ii. 754 They both advanc’d and 
rode A Dog-trot through the bawling Crowd. 1748 RicHarp- 
son Clarissa (1811) VII. 258, I hope that... keeping on 
a good round dog-trot, I shall be able to overtake thee. 
1861 C. Boner Forest Creatures 2 [The wild boar] setting 
off at his old dog-trot. 1868 Losstnc //udson 11 Our Indian 
took the heaviest [boat]..and with a dog-trot bore it the 
wholedistance. attrib, 1830 C. CLARKE 3 Courses §& Dessert 
116 Still came on at a dog-trot pace. 

+b. fig. A steady or habitual course of action ; 
a habit, ‘way’. Obs. Cf. Joc-rrRor. 

1690 DryDEN Amfphitryon 1. Wks. 1884 VIII. 54 I'll fall 
into my old dog-trot of lying again, if this must come of 
aie dealing. 1742 Warsurton Remarks Tillard Wks. 1811 

I. 152 The common dog-trot of infidelity and free-thinking. 

2. dit. A journey performed by dogs on the trot. 

1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. i, 12 A dog-trot of near one 
hundred miles, where your dogs may drop at any moment. 

Dog-vane. aut. 

1, ‘A small vane made of thread, cork, and fea- 
thers, or buntin, placed on the weather gunwale to 
show the direction of the wind’ (Saz/or’s Word-bh.). 

1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Dog-Vane, a small 
light vane, formed of a piece of pack-thread about two feet 
in length. 1829 Marryat /, Midday xiv, His head turned 
like a dog-vane in a gale of wind. 1859 O. W. Hotmes 
Prof. Breakf.-t. i, The fool’s judgment is a dog-vane that 
turns witha breath. attrib. 1825 H. B. Gascoicne Nav, 
Fame 51 The Dog-vane Staff the Quartermaster moves, The 
wind upon the Larboard Quarter proves, 

2. ‘Familiarly applied to a cockade.’ 

1785 Grose Dict. Vulgar Tongue, Dowse your dog vane, 
take the cockade out of your hat. @1814 Dispin Bild Bod- 
stay, There's Nipcheese, the purser,..The eddy of Fortune 
stands on a stift breeze in, And mounts, fierce as fire, a 
dog-vane in his hat. 

Dog-violet. Alsodog’sviolet. [trans]. Bot.L.] 
The common name of Viola cantina and other 
scentless species of wild violet. Originally merely 
a book-name ; but now in general use. 

1778 Licutroor flora Scot. (1789) 508 Viola canina. 
Dog's Violet. 1801 Withering’s Brit. Plants (ed. 4) 11.257 
Viola] canina, Dog's Violet. 1826 Scorr HVoodst. xxviii, 
Mistress Alice, whom I thought a very snow-drop, turned 
out a dog-violet! 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. 1. 52 
The pale dog-violet Late April bears. 

Do-gward, adv. (adj.): see -WARD. 

Dog-watch, Naut. [Cf. Doc-srrrr.] The 
name given to the two short watches (of two hours 
each instead of four): see quot. 1840. 

17oo S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. &. Ind. 7 Count Maurice’s 
Quarter hath the second Watch, and is also called the Dog- 
watch. 1836 E. Howarp X&. Reefer xxxii, About two 
bells in the first dog-watch the first-lieutenant decided 
upon furling the main-sail. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast 
iil. 5 The watch from four to eight p.m., is divided into 
two half, or dog-watches, one from four to six, and the 
other from six to eight. By this means they divide the 
twenty-four hours into seven watches instead of six, and 
thus shift the hours every night. 

Dog-weary, @. = Doc-rinep. 

1596 SHaks. Zam, Shr. iv. ii. 60 O Master, master I 
haue watcht so long, That I am dogge-wearie. 1699 R. 
L’EstrancGE Codlog. Erasm, (1711) 120, | was so Dog-weary 
of sitting. 1825 Locknart in Scott's Fam. Lett. (1894) 11. 
323 We are. .dog-weary every night. 

og-whelk. [See WHELK.] The popular name 
of univalve molluscs of the genus /Vassa. 

1856 Gosse Marine Zool. 11. 129 Nassa, Dog-whelk. 1882 
Standard 26 Sept. 2/2 The dog-whelk..is likewise a great 
enemy to the [cockle]. ae af 

— A whip for chastising or driving 
adog. Cf. horsewhzp. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1631) III. xii. 852/1 They did whip 
him about the Market with a dogge-whip, hauing three 
cords. 1677 Marvett Arg. New Parl. Wks. 1776 Il. 
565 A cowardly baffled sea captain..once whipped with 
a dog whip. attrib, 1871 Tennyson Last Tourn. 58 His 
visage ribb'd.. with dogwhip-weals. 

Dog-whipper. 

1. An official formerly employed to whip dogs 
out of a church or chapel. Locally retained, as an 
appellation of a sexton or beadle. 

1592 Nasue P. Penilesse Wks, (1883-4) 127 It were verie 
good the dogwhipper in Paules tania: haue a care of this. 
1721 Audit-Bk. Christ's Coll. in Willis & Clark Cambridge 
(1886) III. 520 Paid Salmon the Dogwhipper a year ending 
at Mich. last 1. 0. 0. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dog-whipper, 
a church beadle. | entish Gloss., Dog-whipper, the 

whose duty it was, in former days, to 
whip the dogs out of church. 1888 in Sheffield Gloss. 

2. Humorously applied to a university proctor in 
allusion to his ‘bull-dogs’. 

1789 J. Wotcorrt (P. Pindar) Subj. for Paint. Wks. 1812 
II. 204 Attended by each Dog-whipper called Proctor. 
Dog-wolf. [See Doe sé. 16b.] A male wolf. 
1557 Nortu Gueuara's Diall Pr. 114 b/2 Which y° dogge 
wolfe doth prouide both for the byche and her whealpes. 
= Josseiyn Voy. New Eng. 22 When the Wolves have 
kill’d a beast..not a Dog-Wolf amongst them offers to eat 
any of it, till the she-Wolves have fill’d their paunches. 17! 
Phil, Trans, UXXVII. 255, I happened to see a Dog-wolf, 


posite). 


DOILY. 


Dogwood (dggwud). [lit. wood of the Doc- 
TREE, q.v.] 

1. The Wild Cornel, Cornus sanguinea, a shrub 
common in woods and hedgerows in the south of 
England, with dark red branches, greenish-white 
flowers, and dark purple berries. 

[Turner calls it dogberry tree; Lyte ‘ Wilde Cornell tree, 
Houndes tree, and Hounde berie, or Dogge berie tree, and 
the Pricke timber tree, because Butchers vse to make 
prickes of it’.] 1617 Minsneu Ductor Ling., The Dogges 
tree, dogge-wood, or wilde cherrie tree, which Butchers 
make prickes of. 1753 CuamBers Cyc?. Supp. sv. Cornus, 
The dogwood, or dogberry-tree. 1824 Miss Mirrorp 
Village Ser. 1. (1863) 21 Promontories of dog-wood. 1859 
W. S. Coreman Woodlands (1862) 124 The Dogwood, or 
Wild Cornel. 

b. Applied to other species of the genus Cornus ; | 
esp., in N. America, to C. flor7da, a tree bearing 
large white or pink flowers, and scarlet berries. 

1676 T. Grover Ace. of Virginia in Phil. Trans. XI. 628. 
1699 Phil. Trans. XX1. 437 We have also plenty of Pine, 
and Dog-wood, which is a fine Flower-bearing-Tree. 1859 
Loner. Hyperion 1, i, The dog-wood, robed in the white of 
its own pure blossoms. 1877 W. Mattuews Ethnogr. 
Hidatsa 27 These Indians seldom use tobacco alone, but 
mix it with the dried inner bark of one or more species of 
dogwood, Cornus stolonifera and C. sericea. 

2. Applied to various other shrubs and trees. a. 
In Jamaica, various species of /scidia, a genus of 
leguminous trees ; in New South Wales, a legumi- 
nous shrub, Jacksonza scoparia in Tasmania, the 
shrub or small tree Bedfordia salicina (N.O. Com- 
b. Locally and improperly applied in 
England to the Spindle-tree, Alder Buckthorn, Bird- 
Cherry, Guelder Rose, and Woody Nightshade. 
(Britten & Holland.) ce. With defining words; 
Black Dogwood, Bird-Cherry, Alder Buckthorn, 
and Pisctdia carthaginensis. Poison Dogwood, 
the Poison Sumach of N. America (A’/us venenata). 
Pond Dogwood, Cephalanthus occidentalis of 
Louisiana (Miller P/ant-n.), Striped Dogwood, 
Acer pennsylvanicum, White Dogwood, Guelder- 
Rose and Péscidia Erythrina. 

1725 SLOANE Yamaica II. 275 Another sort of fishing they 
had with the bark of the tree called Dogwood [Piscidia 
Erythrina], which being bruised and put into standing 
waters. .intoxicated [the fishes]. 1838 Loupon A rboretune 
496 Luonymus Europeus..\t is called Dogwood, because a 
decoction of its leaves was used to wash dogs, to free them 
from vermin. 1847 LetcuHarpt Jv. i, 11 Ironbark ridges 
here and there. .with dogwood (Jacksonia). diversified the 
sameness. 1 Treas. Bot. 132 Bledfordia] salicina, the 
Dogwood of ‘Tasmania, has beautifully marked wood, suit- 
able for cabinet-work. 1867 Uve’s Dict. Arts (1875) II. 764 
‘The woods yielding good powder charcoals are black alder, 
poplar, spindle tree, black dogwood, and chestnut. 1878 
Britten & Hoirann Plant-x., Dogwocd .. (3) Rhamnuus 
Frangula, The ‘dogwood’ used in the manufacture of 
gunpowder is produced by this shrub, //axts, 

8. The wood of any of these; esp. that of Corns 
sanguinea, Which is close and smooth-grained. 

1664 Evetyn Sylva 1. xx. (1729) 108 Wild-cornel, or Dog- 
wood, good to make Mill-Cogs, Pestles, Bobins for Bone- 
lace, Spokes for Wheels, &c. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3206/4 
Angle-Rods made of Foreign Dogwood, 1859 Farrnotr 
Tobacco (1876) 192 The tube is of dogwood such as butcher's 
skewers are made of. 1875 Uve's Dict. Arts II. 69 Dog- 
wood, cornus sanguinea, .Little splinters of this wood are 
used by the watch-maker for cleaning out the pivot-holes of 
watches, and by the optician for cleaning deeply-seated 
small lenses. Its peculiarity is that it is remarkably free 
from silex. Toothpicks are also manufactured from dog- 
wood. 1867, 1878 [see 2). 

4. attrib. 

1707 SLOANE Yamaica I. p. xii, Negroes take them [fish] 
by intoxicating them with Dogwood bark. 1769 W. Stork 
Acc. E. Florida 46 The ash, locust, and dog-wood-trees are 
here in abundance. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 11.69 Dog-wood 
Bark, the bark of the Cornus florida .. much used in the 
United States as a substitute for Peruvian bark. 

Dohter, -or, -ur, obs. forms of DAUGHTER. 

Doil(e, obs. var. of DoLE sd.2, grief, mourning. 


Doiled, doilt (doild, doilt), Ap/. a. Sc. Also 
(north. dial.) deyl’d, deylt. [cf. DoLp.] Stupid; 
foolish, crazed; affected in mind. 

1513 Douctas nets vil. vi. 16 As thir beistis, or the 
doillit as, Thair fuid of treis did in woddis fet. 1606 Birnie 
Kirk-Buriall (1833) 34 It_was long held as indifferent 
in the doylde dayes. "1659 Macatto Caz. Physick 23 When 
the body becomes heavy, lazy and doiled. 1786 Burns 
Scotch Drink xv, Mony a poor, doylt, druken hash. 1814 
Scorr Wav, xxx, Ye doil’d dotard. 

Hence Doi‘ledness, stupidity, dullness. 

1588 A. Kinctr. Canisius’ Catech., Cert. Deuot Prayers 23 
O God, mak me lauly without feignednes, mirrie without 
lightnes, grave without doildenes. 

oilful, obs. form of DoLEFUL. 

Doily (doi'li), sé. or a. Also doiley, doyly, 

-ley, erron. @Oyley, doylie. [from personal 


surname Doztley or Doyley. 

1712 BupGett Sect. No. 283 » 18 The famous Doily is 
still fresh in every one’s ee who raised a Fortune by 
finding out Materials for such Stuffs as might at once be 
cheap and genteel. 1727 Sir H. Stoane in Phil. Trans. 
XXXIV. 222 Mr. Doyly, (who was a great searcher after 
Curiosities, and gave Name to a sort of Stuffs worn in 
Summer). 1750-1800 Prcce MS. Note (Skeat, Philol. 
Trans, 1885, 91) Doyley Lea a Linnen-draper’s shop in the 
Strand, a little West of Catherine Street.] 748 


DOING. 


+1. attrib. or adj. The name of a woollen stuff, 
‘at once cheap and genteel’, introduced for summer 
wear in the latter part of the 17th c. Ods. 
1678 Drypen Kind Keefer ww. i, Doily Petticoat: 
and Manto’s we have. 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3293/4 A me] 
colour Doyly Drugget new Coat. 1712 ArsuTunot John 
Builli.vi, His children were reduced from rich silks to Doily 
stuffs. 1713 Appison Guardian No. 102 ? 2 Summer has 
often caught me in my Drap de Berry, and winter in my 
rte d suit. 1714 Gay Trivia. 43 Now in thy trunk the 
D'oily habit fold, The silken drugget ill can fence the cold. 
2. sd. (Originally Doily-napkin.) A small or- 
namental napkin used at dessert. 

agtx Swirt Frnl. to Stella 23 Apr., After dinner we had 
coarse Doiley-napkins, fringed at each end, upon the table 
to drink with. -95 Worcorr (P. Pindar) Lousiad u. 
Wks. I. 243 Who dares with Doylies des’ perate war to wage. 
1 Gentl. Mag. LXVIII. 1. 755/2 Thus also the small 
table napkin called a pian 1802 S. RoGers in Clayden 
Early Life (1887) 437 After dinner [in Paris) she threw about 
her some ugly dad dirty English doyleys, which she also 
explained as the English fashion, and of which I felt quite 
pr eset 185s Hr. Martineau Aut eg (1877) I. 68, 
I had been picking at the fringe of my doily. 

Doing (din), vl. sb. [f. Dov. +-1Ne1,] 


conduct ; performance or execution of something. 
1325 Song Mercy 12g in E, E. P. (1862) 122 In vre doinge. 
Be Fortrescur Ads. & Lim. Mon. ix, This maner off 
doynge hath be so ofte practised. ax 
Huon c. 327 In the doynge is all the mater. 


Lp. BerNners 
1638 Z. Boyp 


Zion's Flowers (1855) Introd. 40 It shall not be called your 


..doeing, what shall be done..by another. 1722 WoLLASTON 


Relig. Nat. iv. 62 The faculties..necessary to the doing of | 


any thing. 1842 Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites 121 "Tis 
their own doing; this is none of mine. 
b. euphem. Copulation. 

16or Suaks. All's Well 11. iii. 246. @ 1637 B. Jonson tr. 
Fragm. Petron. Arbiter Wks. (Rtldg.) 740. 1675 Cotton 
Scoffer Scoft 117. 1869 Hazuitr Eng. Prov, 105. 

2. That which is done ; a deed, act, action, per- 
formance, transaction, proceeding, piece of business. 
Usually (now always) in J/. 

App. little used in 18th c.; Johnson says ‘ now only used 
in a ludicrous sense, or in low, mean language’. 

1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1681 Lucretia, Th’ exilynge of 
kynges Of Rome for here orible doinges. 1440 J. Suirtey 
Dethe K. Fames (1818) 21 That horribile doyng and faite.. 
at [= that] the said traitours hadde done. 1548-9 (Mar.) 
Bk. Com. Prayer, Morning Prayer, That al our doinges 
may be ordred by thy gouernaunce. 1603 Suaks. Meas. for 
Mw, i. 63 Volumes of report Run..Vpon thy doings, 1611 
Biste Prov. xx. 11 Evena child is known by his doings. 1667 
Mirton ?. ZL. x1. 720 A Reverend Sire..of thir doings great 
dislike declar’d. 1799 J. Jay Corr. §& Papers (1893)1V. 259 Our 
conversation here turns so much on Great Britain and (as 
some phrase it) her doings. 1816 Scott Axtiz. xlii, You'll 
do this poor ruined family the best day’s doing that has 
been done them since Redhand’s days. 1825 CoLERIDGE 
Lett. Convers. etc. 11. 212 My thoughts, wishes, and 
prayers follow you in all your doings and strivings. 

3. with adverbs or adverbial phrases: see Do v. 

c 1340 Hampote Prose Tr. 12 Consaile es doynge awaye of 
worldes reches, and of all delytes of all thyngez pat mane 
may be tagyld with. 1483 Cath. Angl. 103/1 A Doynge 
welle, deneficencia. 
The house was shabby for want of new doing up. 

Doing (din), Ap/. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] 
That does, acts, performs, ete. (see Do v.) ; spec. 
actively engaged or occupied, busy ; energetic. 

1576 Freminc Panofpl. Epist. 308 One while I wil be 
dooing with this booke, another while with that. 1591 
Percivatt Sp. Dict., Rebuelto, cavallo rebuelto..a \ustie 
doing horse. 1646 Br. Maxweti Burden /ssachar in 
Phenix (1708) 11. 273 The active and doing men. 1792 Lp. 
Grenvitte in Lecky Eng. in 18th C. (1887) VI. 54 All 
that the most doing Government could do in twenty years. 

Dois. Sc. Ods. [app. related to early mod.Du. 
doesen to strike with force and noise: cf. Dusu.] 
Shock (of bodies meeting) ; crash. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1856) 11. 118 With sic ane 
dois togidder that tha draif, Quhill all their scheildis into 
pecis raif, : 

Doit (doit). Also 7 doite, doyt. [a. early 
mod.Du. duit (in MDu. also duyt, deuyt, doyt,deyt), 
whence also Ger. dewt. Of uncertain derivation. 
Kluge and Franck identify it with Norse Avezt 
piece cut off, small piece of land, a unit of weight, 
a small coin, f. Avéta to cut.] 

1, A small Dutch coin formerly in use, the eighth 
of a stiver, or the half of an English farthing ; 

ence (chiefly in negative phrases) as the type of 
a very small or trifling sum. (Cf. DENIER 3.) 

Also called doitkin or Dopktn (q.v.); it had Bop! currency 
in England in the 15th c. It was prob. originally of silver, 
and afterwards of base silver; finally it was of copper, 

1594 Nasne Unfort. Trav. 5 The pore man might haue 
his moderate draught. .for his doit or his dandiprat. 1610 
Suaks. 7emf. u. ii, 33 They will not giue a doit to relieve 
a lame Beguer 1630 J. Tayior (Water P.) Wks. Aaiij a/r 
(Stanf.) They are monstrous thriuers, Not like the Dutch- 
men in base Doyts and Stiuers. _ 1638 Br. SANDERSON Serm. 
II. 104 We disburs'd not a mite, not a doyt towards it. 
1755 SMOLLETT Quix. (1803) IV. 224, 1 print for profit, with- 
out which, reputation is not worth a doit. 1784 Cowrer 
Task v. prs. 1850 CarLye Latter-d. P. ii, (1872) 72 Every 
doit of the account. .will have to be settled one day. 

b. Transferred to various small coins. 

1728 Episc. Ch. Rec. in Cramond Ann, Banff (1893) 11. 
ge rench dytts and lettered bodles £9. 11. 8. 1744 
Ibid. 159 ‘The Th get disposed of the doits 
belonging tothe Chapel, 1882 Brrnet. Counting-ho. Dict. 


| -ATE *. 


1814 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I, 122 


| sich an old dote Alle d 


586 


(1893) 100 Dort, a Hindostan copper coin, 120 to a 

1893 Cramonn Ann. Banff Il. 158 The doits on hand in 
1739 were sold for £ 12 18s. Sc., and in 1743 the discount on 
doits. .at four for a halfpenny amounted to £7 5s. Sc. 

2. transf. and fig. A very small piece or part of 
anything ; adso/. a very little, a bit, a jot; esp. in 
phr. not to care a dott. 

1660 Fisuer Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 341 Many Holy 
Prophets Writings are lost, but not a Doit of the Doctrine. 
1695 Concreve Love for L. 1. v, He does not care a doit 
for your person. a1734 Nortu Axam. 1. ii. § 83 (1740) 74 
No Doit of that appears from him. 1849 Mrs. CartyLe 
Lett. 11. 94 As if anybody out of the family of Friends 
cared a doit about W. Penn. 

Doi‘ted, a. Sc. [Of uncertain origin: perh. a 
variant of Dotep. As the oz, however, is-here a true 
diphthong, the form is to be distinguished from 
Se. words in which of was merely a fashion of 
spelling long 0.) 

Having the faculties impaired, esp. by age. 

¢1425 Wyxtoun Crom. v. xii, 4041 The doytyd qwennys 
off that land. 15.. Dunbar’s Tua mariit Wemen 377 


| (Jam.) Full doitit was his heid [S. 7..S. ed. reads dotit). 
3 4 ; | ax60§ Potwart Flyting w. Montgomerie 
1, The action of the verb Do; action, proceeding, | 


A At mens com- 
mand that laikes ingyne, Quhilke, doytted dyvours! gart 
thee dyte them. 1787 Burns Brigs of Ayr 144 Fit only for 
a déited monkish race. 1823 Lamp Elia Ser. u. N. Year's 
Coming of Age, Which plainly shewed her old head to be 
little better than crazed and doited. 1825 Scott Fam. 
Lett. 11 Oct. (1894) II. 351 Old friends left in the bloom of 
youth have .. become . . doited old bodies. 

Doitkin: see Donkin. 

Dokan, -en, obs. forms of DocKEN, 

Doke (dék). Nowonlyda/, Also 7-8 doak. 

th. originally do/k, var. of DALK*, Dawk 1: cf. 

Fris. dé/ke small hollow, dimple ; see also DoLK.] 
A hollow, depression ; a dint ; a dimple. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 621 The doke or dimple in the 
middest of the chin. 1674 Ray S. 6 EZ. C. Words 64 Doke, 
a deep Dint or furrow. 1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk §& Selv. 130 
His two forefeet, which he had thrust so into the soft of her 
sides, as to make two deep doaks there. 1705 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 4156/4 Stolen..a..Mare..with a Doke in her Skull 
over her right Eyebrow four inches long. 1866 Spectator 20 
Jan. 72 The little doke in the end of the nose. 

Doke, obs. form of Duck, Duke. 

Doket, obs. form of Docket, Ducat. 

Doke'tic, Do-ketism, etc., forms preferred by 
some to Doceric, DocerTisy, etc., as truer phonetic 
representatives of the Greek. See K. 

1877 Eapir Comm. Thess. 149 The apostle had his eye on 
Doketic views. 1882 Cave Banks tr. Dorner’s Chr. 
Doctr. III, 206 The finest form of Doketism, 1882-3 
Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 445 The doketistic 
Gnostics. 2 

Dokimastice, -asy, var. ff. DocimastTic, -asy. 

Dol, obs. form of Dat, DoLz, Dutt. 

Dorlabrate, 2. Zot. [f. L. dolabra (see next) + 
=DoLasrirorm. Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. 

+ Dola‘bre. 0s. rave. [ad. L. doldbra mattock, 
pickax, f. dolare to chip, hew; prob. immediately 
from an identical OF. form.] An adze. 

1474 Caxton Chesse um. ii. Evjb, The carpenters ben 


Dolabriform (<olx:briffmm), a. [f. L. dolabra 
pickax + forma shape, form: cf. F. dolabriforme.] 
Ax-shaped, cleaver-shaped; in Bot. applied to 
fleshy leaves having one side thick and straight, 
the other sharp and convex, as in Mesembryanthe- 
mum dolabriforme. Also, in Entom., to joints of 
antennee or other parts of a similar form. 

1753 CuamBers Cycl. Sufp., Botany Tab. 2 Distinctions 
of the Leaves... Dolabriform. 1819 Pantologia, Dolabriform 
..in botany, an axe or hatchet-shaped leaf. .C d 


signefyed by the dolabre or squyer. 


DOLE. 
ie field ‘eht) Wh hi 
shag am nere Seer it so long 
Do: (dg'ldrém), Usually in pl. doldrums. 
kor the formn cf. cantrum. 


1812 Examiner 7 Sept. 571/1 A doldrum is, we believe, 
a 1824 


Ham Jngol, Leg., Row in Omni. I 
Manager sits in his chair.) 
2. pl. doldrums. 


a. A condition of dullness or drowsiness ; 
dumps, low spirits, depression. . 

1811 Morning Herald 13 Apr. in Spirit Pub. Fruis. 
(1812) XV. 175, I am now in the doldrums; but when I get 
better, I will send you [etc.]. 1835 Marryar Yac. Fait iy. 
xi, ‘Come, father, old Dictionary is in the doldrums; 
rouse him up with another stave.’ 1862 Atheneum 
Aug. 266 A g! of brandy-and-water is a for 
doldrums, 1886 C. Keene Let. in G. S. taser Life xi. 
a so great thing is to evade ‘the Doldrums’, 

s é condition of a ship in which, either from 
calms, or from baffling winds, she makes no head- 
way; a becalmed state. 

1824 Byron /sland u. xxi, From the bluff head where 
I watch’d to-day, I saw her in the doldrums; for the wind 
Was light and baffling. 1 Marryat P. Simple xiiii, 
As we ran along the coast, | perceived a véssel under the 
high land in what the sailors called the doldrums; this is, 
almost becalmed, or her sails flapping about in every 
direction with the eddying winds. 

Jig. 1883 Times (weekly ed.) 16 Feb. 10 The ship of 
State has escaped the tornado, but seems becalmed in a 
kind of political and financial doldrums. Sm T. 
Surnercanp in Westm, Gaz. 11 July 1/3 At the present 

the trade app to be in the pot Preting 
ce. An intellectually non-plussed condition. 

1871 G. Merepitn H. Richmond xxvii, My wits are in 
the doldrums. 1878 J. R. O’Fianacan /rish Bar (1879) 
142 The Counsellor’s questions put him in a doldrum, 

8. transf. A region in which ships are specially 
liable to be becalmed; sec. (Equatorial dol- 
drums), the region of calms and light baffling 
winds near the equator, where the trade winds meet 
and neutralize each other. 

(Apparently due toa di ding of the ph ‘in 
the doldrums’, the state being taken as a locality.) 

bs Maury Phys. Geog. Sea x. $583 The ‘equatorial 


| doldrums’ is another of these calm places. Besides being 


a region of calms and baffling winds, it is a region noted for 
its rains 1883 E. F. Knicur Cruise Falcon (1887) 26 The 
sultry doldrums, where a ship may lie for weeks. .a regi 
of unbearable calm, broken occasionally by violent pen, 

Dole (ddl), 56.1 Forms: 1 daél, 2-4 dal(e, 3 
dol, 4-6 dool(e, 5 doylle, dooll, 6 Sc. daill, 6-7 
doal(e, 3- dole. [OE. ddl, a parallel form to 
del which gives Dea sé.1 In senses 5-7, used as 
n. of action from Dea v. See also Dare 2.] 

+1. The state of being divided ; division. Ods. 

¢ 1000 JELrric Exod. viii, 23 Ic sette dal betwux pin folc 
& min fole. c1a7g Passion Our Lord 446 in O. E. Mise. 
50 Hi nolden ber-of makie nones cunnes dol. ¢1340 Cursor 
M., 23521 (Trin.) Pei are in onehede so in dole. ; 

+2 A part or division of a whole; a portion ; 
=Deat sb.) 1. Ods. 

a 1000 Guthiac (Gr.) 25 1s pes middan-geard dalum zedaled. 
1175 Lamb, Hom. 47 Beo heo dal neominde of heofene 
riches blisse. ¢ 1200 Saran 8266 Sibbenn wass be kinedom 
O fowwre daless daledd. a x225 Ancr. R. 10 pe latere dole 
of his sawe limped to recluses; vor per beod two dolen to 
two manere of men bet beod of religiun. c¢1ago Gen. & Ex. 
15t On four doles delen he po 13.. A. E. Allit. P. 

his tour 


roundish, obtuse. .with a sharp edge, roundish below. 1828 
Stark Elem, Nat. Hist. i. 294 Palpi.. terminated by 
a dolabriform joint. 1843 Humpureys Brit. Moths 11. 119 
Wings. .with broad black fascia..which extends..as far as 
the middle of the wing, where it is dolabriform. 

+Dola‘tion. Ods. rare—°. [n. of action f. L. 
dolire to aw Smoothing with an adze, 

1656 Biount Gi, Dolation, a smoothing or making even. 

Dolcan (dp‘lkin). [f. It. dolce sweet: cf. It. 
dolciano.) A kind of organ stop (see quots.). 

1852 J. J. Semet Organ 20 Stops .. made wider at the 
upper end than the lower, as is the case with the. .Dolcan. 
1877 Hopkins & Rimpautt The Organ (ed. 3) IL. xxii. 137 
Dolcan ., is a manual stop of 8 feet, the pipes of which are 
of larger diameter at the top than at the bottom, producing 
a very agreeable tone. 

|| Dolce far niente (do'lt{e fir niente). [It.; 
= ‘sweet doing nothing’.] Delightful idleness. 

1814 Byron in Moore Lie (1832) III. 100 (Stanf.) Making 
the most of the ‘dolce far niente’ [at Hastings]. x 
Loner. in Life (1891) I. 187 It is there..that the dolce far 
niente of a summer evening is most heavenly. bees 3 W. H. 
Russet in 19th Cent. Sept. 490 That form of the dolce far 
niente which is termed meditation. 

attrib, 1865 H. Kincstey Hillyars & Burtons i, His 
dolce far niente, insolent manner. 

Dolecinist, -ite: see DuLcrist, 

+ Dold, A//. a. Obs. [perh. orig. pa. pple. of 
*dol-en, var. of dull-en, DULL v.: cf. OE. dol adj., 
dull, foolish, bape also Sc. dowd, Dow v.3] 
Stupid, inert, as through old age, cold, etc. 

©1460 Towneley Was 4 (Noe) Hit is wonder that I last 


[rime old). Ibid. 98 (Shepherd | 


B. 216 Per he tynt be type dool @ 1400~ 
diet As arene aoe fo 
past. 157; USSER » xivin. (1878) 104 t 
same hi A deuide them by doles, 

b. Alining. A portion of ore: see quots. 

1823 Crass Zechnol. Dict., Dole (Min.),a pile of ore for 
sale. 1874 J. H. Cottiss Metal Mining 112 The piles or 
doles belonging to the different parties. 1880 H”, Cornw. 
Gloss., Dole, a | of copper ore; a share in a mine; 
mine dues. what dole do you pay?’ : 

+e. A portion of a common or undivided field ; 
=DaLE2 1, Obs. 
te, Firzuers, Surv. 41 They [meadows] ought to be well 

ed bytwene every mannes dole. 1611 Alanch. Crt. 

Leet Rec. (1885) X1. 263 One Barne and a doale of Lande. 
1787 W. Marsuatt Norfolk 11. 10 To cut and burn antshills 

a dole belonging to his farm, upon a common. 

d. A portion (conventionally fixed) for sale; 
a ‘lot’. 

1887 Doncaster Tradesman's Advt. Bill, We shall clear 
out several hundred doles of superior Wakefield Worsted at 
a8 and 114d per dole. 

. A part allotted or apportioned to one, or be- 
longing to one by right ; share, portion, lot. arch. 

a 1225 St. Marher. 22 Ne schaltu habben wid me dale of 
heouene riche. @ Ureisun 150 in Cott, Hom. 199 Pu 
schalt me a ueir dol of heoueriche blisse. ¢ Cerin, 
on 14 in Ritson Afetr. Rom, 11, 287 Made 1 
yhol Balle toysounedol. 13.. £. £. Allit. P. B. 699, I.. 
dy3t drwry per-inne, doole al wettest. 1548 Forrest 
Pleas. Poesye Nobul_ thynge Delonge to 
Doale [r/me soule). 1601 Suaks. Ad/’s Well nu. 176 
What t creation, and what dole of honour Flies where 

id it. 1676 HALE Contempl. 1. 272 Our measure and 
dole is given unto us, 1871 Tennyson Last Tournament 
556 Hath not our great Queen My dole of beauty trebled? 


DOLE. 


4. Portion or lot (in life); fate, destiny: chiefly 
in proverbial phr. Happy man be his dole. arch. 

lax Parl. Byrdes 179 in Hazl. £. P. P. II. 176, 1 
woulde the hauke brake his necke, Or [were] brought vnto 
some myscheuous dale [ve tale]. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. 
& Epigr. (1867) 169 Happy man happy-dole, so say sycke 
and hole. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hex. /V, u. ii. 79 Happy man be 
his dole, say 1: euery man to his businesse. 1663 BuTLer 
Hud. 1. iii. 638 Let us that are unhurt and whole Fall on, 
and happy Man be's Dole. 1803 W. S. Rose Amadis 99 
Death be his dole who worst maintains the strife. 1838 
Sourney Doctor V. 147 Happy man would be his dole, 
who, when he had made up his. mind [etc. ]. 

5. Dealing out or distribution of gifts; esp. of 
food or money given in charity. 

cx205 Lay. 19646 Six cnihtes..gan to pas kinges dale, 
swulc heo weoren vn-hale. 1297 R. GLouc. (1724) 165 
Messagers in pouere monne wede, Pat at doles in be court 
her mete myd opere bede. 1449 Pecock Refr. il. xv. 375 
Of the ouerplus make doole to othere. 1620 SANDERSON 
12 Serm. (1637) 60 The Gifts here spoken of are distributed 
as it were by doale. 1653 Mitton /irelings Wks. (1851) 
388 As he dispenses it in his Sunday Dole. 1778 Eng. 
Gazetteer (ed. 2', Stretham, Surry..has a charity-school, 
and a dole every Sunday, of 21 two-penny loaves. 1878 
Brownine La Saisiaz 59 Pleasures stinted in the dole. 

+b. Dealing, distribution, delivery (of blows, 
death). Ods. 

@ 1525 (ed. Pynson) Sir Beues (1885) 48 note, Al they sayde, 
seke and hole, That they had ben at Beuys dole. 1587 FLeminG 
Contn. Holinshed 111. 1321/2 They..fought couragiouslie, 
as if the Greeks and Troians had dealt their deadlie dole. 
1597 Suaks, 2 Hen. /V, 1. i. 169 That in the dole of 
blowes your Son might drop. 1621 Fretcuer /s?l. Prin- 
cess 1v. ii, Dealing large doles of death. 1671 Mitton 
Samson 1529 What if .. He now be dealing dole among 
his foes? . 

6. That which is distributed or doled out ; esp. a 
gift of food or money made in charity. Hence, 
a portion sparingly doled out. 

1362 Lanci. P. PZ. A. m1. 63 Whon 3e 3iuen doles. 1480 
Caxton Chron, Eng. cexlvi. (1482) 311 A dole to poure 
perl of vi shyllynges viii pens to bedelyd peny mele. 1566 

. Micuetts in Suckling Suffolk (1847) 86 There was 
tythe of fysche called Christs dole, paid in this manner : 
vidlt, of every fisher boat going to the sea, half a dole. 
1635 R. Botton Comf Affi. Consc. vi. 396 Rich men cast 
into the Treasury large Doles, and royall offerings. 1793 
Burke Rem. Policy Allies Wks. VII. 136 At Paris..the 
bread they buy is a daily dole. 1862 MerivaLe Rom. Emp. 
(1871) V. xl. 55 Recipients of the ordinary dole of grain. 
1894 Times (weekly ed.) 19 Jan. 59/4 Not a penny of it 
was distributed until November 1, and then only in doles 
and driblets. : 

+b. Reward given to hounds. Ods. 

1576 Turserv. Venerie 144 The houndes must be rewarded 
with the Bowels, the bloud and the feete. .it is not called a 
rewarde but a dole. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 187/2 
Dole is the reward of a Roe-Buck, given to the Hounds. 

ec. transf. and fig. . 

1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. i. Wks. (1847) 85/1 Who made 
you the busy almoner to deal about this dole of laughter 
and gy recy 1844 Mrs. Browninc Vision Poets 
ccxvi., Poems 1850 I, 232 Hand-service, to receive world’s 


ole. 

+7. Dealing, intercourse; =DaE? 2. Ods. 

cr Cursor M. 683 (Trin.) pese beestis were so meke in 
dole Wipouten hurtyng pei 3eoden hole. 1549 Coverpate, 
etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Peter iii. 7 Yf bothe parties .. refrayne 
from bodyly doale. 1561 Child Marriages (1897) 9 He had 
neuer any Carnall dole with her. 

8. attrib. and Comb., as in dole-bag, -beer, -cup, 
-penny, -silver; Aole-fish (see quot. 1641); dole- 
land, -meadow, -moor, a piece of common 
land, moor, etc. in which various persons have 
portions indicated by landmarks, but not divided 
off; dolesman, -woman, a man or woman who 
receives a dole; dole-window, a window at which 
doles were distributed. 

1610 B. Jonson A/ch. 1. i, Sell the *dole-beere to aqua-vite 
men, 1583 J. Hicins tr. ¥uninus’ Nomenclator (N.) Pain 
@aumosne, *dole-bread. a 1652 Brome City Wit w. iv. 
Wks. 1873 I. 352 ag sama in dole bread. a 1845 Mrs. 
Bray Warleigh xiii, He .. received the customary fee, and 
having drunk what was called a ‘*dole cup’ of excellent 
waters, returned home. 1533-4 Act25 Hen. VIII, c. 4 § 2 
No..person..shall..bie any cole or dooles of any of the 
maryners of any of the seid shyppe or shippes, called the 
maryners *Dole fysshe. 1641 Termes de la Ley 126 Dole-fish 
seemeth to bee those fishes which the fisher-men yeerly 
employed in the North seas, doe of custome receive for 
their allowance. 1805 W. Taytor in dun. Rev. III. 57 
The plots of field are often parcelled out like *dole-lands in 
petty compartments, 1881 7 ies 30 Mar. 11/4 The trustees, 
the *dol and the *doleswomen might be a small group 
of old faces well known to one another. 1726 Dict. Rust, 
(ed, 3) s.v. *Dole-Meadow, a Meadow wherein several Per- 
sons havea share. 1825-7 Hone Every-Day Bh. 11.918 
The two large pieces of common land called *Dolemoors. 
Ibid. 921 The Marks for allotting Dolmoors. 1686 Piotr 
Staffordsh. 314 This *dole-penny is .. given to all persons 
then residing in the parish. 1579 Sc. Acts ¥as. VI (1814) 

- 169 (Jam.) All landis, annuellis, obitis, *daill siluer, mailis, 
rentis, etc. 1859 Turner Dom. Archit. U1. 1. vii. 214 
In the hall..is a low side window, called a *Dole window, 
formerly used for distributing alms. 


Dole, dool, dule (dol, di), sb.2 arch. and 
dial. Forms: a. 3-4 deol, del, (3 deil, 4 diol, 
dyel), 4-5 deel, dele, (deyl(le); 8. 3-5 doel, 
(5 doell) ; 3-5 dol, (4-5 doul, 5 doll), 4-9 dool, 
dole, (4-7 doole, 6 doal(e, 7 dowle) ; 4 doil, 4-5 
doile, doyl, doyll, 5 doylle; +. 4 duel, dul, 4-9 
dule, 4-5 duyl, 5 Sc. dwle, 6-7 dulle, duill; 6 


587 


deul, 6-7 dewle, 7-8 Sc. deule; 5. 5 duyel, 
dueyl, deuel, 6-7 dueil. [a. OF. doe/ (11th c.), 
duel (12--14th ¢.), deol, diol, dial, diel, del (13th c.), 
dol, dul, deul (14th c.), dudl, duet? (16-17th c.), 
mod.F. deuz?:—late L. doléum grief. The manifold 
forms of the OF. word are reflected in Middle Eng- 
lish. The deol type, which first prevailed, and was 
at length reduced to dé, became obs. before 1500. 
The do/, dole form survived in English till the 16th 
c., and its normal representative in modern English 
is dool; but the word became to a great extent ob- 
solete by 1600, and some of its modern revivers have 
preferred the ME. spelling do/e. It has always been 


retained in Sc., where it is now regularly ddl, diil, 


variously spelt doo/, duzl, dule ; dule also occurred 
in English from 14th to 16thc., and is used in pre- 
ference to dole or dool by some modern poets. In 
addition to these derivatives from OF., the forms 
duyel, dueyl, deuel, duetl, imitating later French 
types, occur from Caxton onwards. } 

1. Grief, sorrow, mental distress. 

a. crzago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 42/285 Ech man hadde deol 
perof. 1307 Elegy Edw. [, vii, For del ne mihte he 
speke na more, ¢ 1320 Cast. Love 110 Alas whiche sorewe 
and dyel ther wes! 1393 Lanct. P. Pl. C. xxi. 306 And 
al hus issue sholden deye with deol. c1qz0 Anturs of 
Arth, xxv, Thenke quat..dele, that I inne duelle. 

B. a1240 IWohunge in Cott. //om. 285 Leue me vnder- 
stonde pi dol and herteli to felen sum hwat of be sorhe. 
c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2574 For doel therof amorewe he 
starf. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. 165 [She] felle R[ichard] to 
fote gretand, pat doole him nam. ¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, 
Thomas 250 He vald.. bryne pame sene ine doile and va. 
1430 Lyne: Bochas 1. i. (1544) 4.a, Continual sorow, dread, 
dole. cx14g0 AZerdin go ‘The quene dide wepe as she 
that hadde grete doel. c1460 7owneley Myst. (Surtees) 62 
Alas for doylle we dy! 1579 Spenser Shefh. Cal. Feb. 
155, 1..Am like for desperate doole to dye. 1580 SipNry 
Ps. xu. vi, Why art thou, my soule, Cast down in such 
dole? a1605 Potwart Flyting w. Montgomerie 526 Dryve, 
with doole, to death detestabill, This mad malitious monster 
miserabill. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1v. 894 To change Torment 
with ease, & soonest recompence Dole with delight. 1776 
C. Keitu Farmer's Ha’ 31 They banish hence a’ care and 
dool. 1820 Scorr A/onast. v, The Kelpy has risen from the 
fathomless pool, He has lighted his candle of death and of 
dool. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 87 Earth’s warm- 
beating joy and dole. 

y. a@1300 Cursor M. 23975 (Cott.) Hir dule [zv.7~. dole] 
ne ma i noght for-dill, Bot wit hir wepeing wepe i will. 
1425 Wyntoun Croz. vit. xxvii. 93 The Dwle, pat _pai 
had in pat Fycht. 1g00-20 Dunpar Poems xiv. 23 The 
dulis that communis dois sustene. 1631 A. Craice Pilger. 
& Heremite7 Vhy duill, her delight. @1850Rossertt Dante 
& Circ. 1. (1874) 287, I stand all day in fear and dule. 

8. 1307 Elegy Edw. I, i, My song, Of duel that Deth hath 
diht us newe. ¢ 1477 Caxton Yason 18 b, Wherof their king 
.-hath had grete dueyl and sorowe. /é¢d. 116 Jason de- 
mened so grete a duyel and sorow. 

2. The expression of sorrow or grief; mourning, 
weeping, lamentation ; chiefly in phr. 70 make dole, 
to lament, mourn. 

a, c1290 Beket 645 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 125 Pe deol pat 
thomas makede: no tounge telle ne may. a@ 1300 Fall & 
Passion 83 in E. E. P. (1862) 15 Who spekip of deil a-3e pat 
del. neuer such nas ber none. ¢1350 Leg. Cath., Joachim 
& Anna 133 Gret diol made Anne for him, 1393 LANGL. 
P. Pl. C. xx. 318 Pauh men maken muche deol in here 
angre, And beo inpacient in here penaunces. ¢ 1420 Chron. 
Vilod. 774 For hurre deth he made gret deylle. 

B. a1300 Cursor M. 10455 (Gott.) pu blamys me for i 
mak dol. did. 16752+97 (Cott.) Ilk a creature for his ded 
made doyl on per wise. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Serv. Sel. Wks. 
II. 99 Jesus making dool in himsilf cam to be sepulcre. 
1480 Merlin 34 After the corse was made grete doel and 
wepynge. @1547 Surrey “neid wv. 43 Time of thy doole, 
thy spouse new dead, I graunt None might thee move. 1600 
Suakxs. A. Y. Z.1.ii. 139 Making such pittiful dole. 1790 
Burns Bard’s Epitaph 5 Owre this grassy heap sing dool, 
And drap a tear. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1130 She died. 
So that day there was dole in Astolat. 

y- 1380 Sir Ferumb. 3785 Four sithes he ful a-doun 
y-sowe, & opre dules made ynowe, & ofte cryede, ‘ Alas !’ 
cx1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 710 For the dule he made ther-fore, 
The knyght hym, selven he was for-lore. 1513 DouGLas 
4éneis ut. i. 25 Thair langsum duile and murnyng. 1546 
St. Papers Hen. VIII, XI. 13 ‘Vhere was evensong song 
of our Lady, very freshely, to recompense the deul bifore. 
1s59 SACKVILLE in Mirr. Mag. Induct. xiv, The deadly 
dewle, which she so sore dyd make, With dolefull voice. 
4 Fenton Fragm. Disc. 12 Dolefull voyce, redoubled 
with an eccho of treble dule. 

8. c1g00 Melusine xxxiii. 234 He lefte & passed his deuel 
the best wyse that he coude. rng 1 UssuHer Ann. vi. (1688) 
95 Continual dueil, and mourning for him. 

+b. Clothes, habit, weeds of dole; mourning gar- 
ments, =sense 5. Ods. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 10419 (Laud) Clothis of dele [v.7. deol] 
she did on thore. 1 Wycuir 2 Sam. xiv. 2 Be thou 
clothid with clooth of duyl [v.77 deol, doel, deel, deyl]. 
1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 5 To weare attire of duule. 

+3. Physical pain or suffering. Obs. rare. 

nde) Sir Beues 602 Pis is pe ferste dai of 30ul, Pe god 
was boren wib outen doul. ¢1350 Will, Palerne 2757 He 
for dul of be dent diued to pe ground. i 3 

4. That which excites sorrow, grief, or pity; a 
grievous or piteous thing; a grief, sorrow. 

cxzgo S. Eng. Leg. 1. 43/303 Pat deol it was to seo. 1433 
Pilgr, Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1v. xxxviii. 63 Grete doel an 
pyte was hit to byholde. ¢ 1430 Chev. Assigne 359 Hit was 
doole for to see y® sorowe ythe made. ¢'1450 Erle Tolous 801 
Grete dele hyt was to see. cxqgo Cov. Myst. (1841) 47 


DOLE, 


Gret doyl it is to se this watyr so wyde! 1789 Burns To 
Yoothache iv, O' a’ the numerous human dools .. Thou 
bear’st the gree. P 

+5. transf. Clothing or trappings worn as a sign 
of mourning; ‘mourning’. Ods. 

c1500 Melusine xxxiv. 239 The kynge .. fette the pucclle, 
and despoylled her of her dueyl & black clothing. 1599 
Sickness & Death Philip I, in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IL. 286 
My body shall be borne by eight of my chiefest servants .. 
allin dewle. 1636 in AJacwz. Mag. XLVI. 80 A horsse in 
doole. 16.. in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 32 Sertayne gentle- 
men in Dowle. 1734 R. Keitn Hist. Ch. §& St. Scot. 207 
(Jam.) To wear the deule for that day. 

6. A funeral. Obs. exc. dial. 

1548 Haiti Chrox., Hen. V. 50 The conduyt & ordre of 
thys dolorous dole was commaunded to sir William Philip 
treasorer of the kinges houshold. a 1828 Bewick Ufgetting 
(1850) 13 ‘The spak o’ the great Swire’s deeth..and the 
number oh fwoak that went to his dhael.’ 

+7. A fanciful term for a company of doves. 
[From their mournful cooing.] Ods. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b, A Duell of ‘Turtillis. 

8. attrib., as dole colour; Aole-cloth, -pall, a 
funeral pall; dole (du/e) habit, weeds, mourning 
clothes; dule tree, ? a hanging-tree, a gibbet. 

1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 420, I drup..with a ded 
luke, in my dule habit. 1535 Stewart Croxz. Scot. III. 73 
3oung Alexander was crownit King efter King Williame 
his Fader deceissit, and tuke on him the Dule Weid, and 
for his Saik delt Almous Deid. 1536 BeLtenpen Cron. 
Scot. (1821) I. 241 Arrayit in thair dule habit, for doloure of 
thair husbandis. 1542 in 'T. Thomson Codlect. Inventories 103 
(Jam.) Item, foure doule palis of blak clayth. 1710 J. WiL- 
SON in Codlect, Dying Test. (1806) 154 ‘Then Zion got on 
her dool weed. 1870 Encar Runnymede 178 The dule tree 
is your sure doom. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Dooalweeds, 
mourning attire. 1881 STEVENSON Vive. Puerisgue 165 The 
gibbets and dule trees of mediaval Europe. 

Dole, s2.8 [ad. L. do/-us deceit, cunning, trickery, 
a, Gr. 5dAos: cf. F. dol (16th c.), It., Sp. dolo.] 

+1. Guile, deceit, fraud. Ods. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § JZ. (1684) II. 330 No dole, no fraud, 
no guile was ever found in his mouth. 1612 AinswortH 
Annot. Ps. v.7 Deceit, dole or guile. 1839 J. P. Kexnepy 
Rob of Bowl xii. (1860) 127 What dole hath he done? 

2. Sc. Law. ‘The corrupt, malicious, or evil in- 
tention essential to the guilt of a crime’ (Bell). 

1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Under Dole are com- 
prehended the vices and errors of the will, which are 
immediately productive of the criminal act, though not 
premeditated, but the effect of sudden passion. In this 
respect Dole differs from what the English law calls malice. 
1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 526 Capable of dole. 
1795 Scotr in Lockhart Lz/e July, To preclude all pre- 
sumption of dole. [1880 Muirnreap Gazus ut. § 211 He 
is held to have killed wrongfully to whose dole or fault 
death is attributable [cas dolo aut culpa id acciderit).| 

Dole, s/.4, variant of Doon, boundary mark, ete. 

Dole, v.! Also 6 Sc. dale. [f. Dor sd.!] 

1. trans. To give as a dole ; to distribute by way 
of alms, or in charity. 

1465 Mann. & Househ. Exp. 317 The same day my mastyr 
toke to mastyr Perse Baxter, to dole for my lady in almesse, 
x. Ss. 1599 Marston Sco. Vrllanie 1. iv. 188 If to the Parish 
pouerty, At his wisht death, be dol’d a half-penny. c¢ 1640 
J. Smytu Lives Berkeleys (1883) 1. 40 That daye shall bee 
doled to fifty poore men fifty loafes. 1762 Gotpsm, Cit. W. 
exii, The officers appointed to dole out public charity. 1868 
Stancey Westu. Abd. iii. 170 The bread and meat doled 
out to the poor of Westminster. ms - 

2. To give owt in small quantities; to portion or 
parcel ové in a sparing or niggardly manner. 

1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones xv. vi, This comfort. .she doled 
out to him in daily portions. 1849 Macautay //7st. Eng. 
I. 84 They accordingly doled out supplies to him very 
sparingly. 1886 J. R. Rees Pleas. Bk.- Worm v. 169 The 
critic. .doles out a limited number of praises. 

+3. To deal about, around, to distribute. Obs. 

1701 Rowe Amb. Step-Moth. v. ii. 2799 Thy Arts That 
Dold about Destruction to our Enemies. a@1718 — Whs. 
(1747) II. 293 (Jod.) And Plenty doles her various bounties 
round. 1766 Lp. Mansrietp Sf. agst. Prerogative (Jod.), 
Compensations most liberally doled about to one another. 

Hence Do'ling wé/. sd. 

1s.. Aberdeen Burgh Rec. 1. 210 age Supp.) And viijs. 
and the daling of thair aill for the secund fault. 1876 
Ruskin Fors Clav. VI. Ixi. 2 All this temporary doling and 
coaling is worse than useless. : 

Dole, v.2 ? Obs. Also 4 deol(e, 5-6 dool(e, Sc. 
dule, 7 duill. [a. OF. doleir, doloir, mod.F, dou- 
loir:—L. dolére to grieve. In the stem-accented 
forms the OF. verb had the same variety as 
Doe sé.2 (ind. pres. duezl, duels (deus), duelt 
(deut), dolons, doles, duelent), whence the ME. 
variant forms.] ‘ 

+1. zztr. To sorrow, grieve, mourn, lament. Ods. 

13.. K. Adis. 2734 Alisaundres folk deoleth, y-wis, For the 
knyght that is y-slawe. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 68, 
I wente dolynge on the heeth, and wist not what to doo for 
sorowe. 1508 Dunsar ua Mariit Wemen 450 We wemen 
..We dule for na euill deid, sa it be derne haldin. 1570 
Levins Mani~. 161/11 To Doole, sorow, dolere. @ 1668 
Davenant Play-House to be Let 1. Dram. Wks. 1873 IV. 27 
Dismiss your doling, and let in your poet. 5 - 

b. Used of the mournful cooing of doves. 

1848 W. E. Aytoun in Blackw. Mag. LXIV. 110 The 
throstle’s song was silenced, And the doling of the dove. 
1852 Blackw. Mag. LXXI1. 218 From the dark woods.. 
you hear the doling of the cushats. — 

+2. trans. To mourn, bewail. Ods. ; 

nt dab pra Poems (Chalmers) 11. 617/r He full shrilly 
shright and doolde his wofull chaunce, vie 

(4-2 


DOLE. 


+3. To grieve. Ods. 

@ 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. u. iii, It duills mee that I am 
thy mother! 

Hence Do'ling vd/. sh. 

@ 1668 [see 1]. 1815 L. Hunt Feast Poets 19 There has 
been such a doling and sameness. 1848-52 [see x b]. i 

Dole, 2.8 Glove-manuf. [a. F. dole-r to chip, 
ange etc. (12th c.), spec. to pare and thin skins 

or gloves:—L. dolére to hew, plane.] ¢rans. 
To pare and thin (leather or skins). 

1884 Pall Mall G. 16 May 4/1 The kid skin .. after it has 
been unhaired, dressed, nourished, staked, soaked in egg 
yolk .. dried, stained, stretched, ‘doled’, or p , and cut 
into shape... is then punched. 1884 Health E-xhib. Catal. 
38 The doling or reducing the skin to an even substance. 

le: see DooL, DowEL, DULL. 

+ Do'leance. Ols. Also 5 doleaunce, 6 dol- 
liance, doliaunce. [a. F. doléance, earlier doli- 
ance, douliance (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) f. doleant, 
-tant, ancient pr. pple. of doloir, douloir to grieve.] 

1, Sorrowing, grieving ; sorrow, grief. 

c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn vi. 26 Herynge the cryes, & 
seeynge be wepynges, the grete sorowe & doleaunce of the 
vertuose and noble mayden. 1§23 in Burnet Hist. Ref 11. 
103 By way of doleance and sorrow. a 1639 SpotTiswoov 
Hist. Ch. Scot. vu. (1677) 519 Esteeming it their duty to 
express their doleance for that accident. ; 

2: Plaintive utterance ; complaining, complaint. 

1524 St. Papers Hen. VIII, IV. 104 Albeit ye make some 
doleance in your letters. 1524 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. 
App. xii. 30 Any motion, by way of complainte or doliaunce. 
1591 Horsey 7vav.(Hakl. Soc.) 198 All their dolliances 
herd and remedied. 1656 Finett For. Ambass.97 Vhe sub- 
stance of these doleances, I..imparted to the. - Ambassador. 

Do-leant, p//. a. rare. [f. DOLEANCE; it coin- 
cides with OF. doliant, doleant, pr. pple. of doloir 
to grieve.) = DoLenr. 


1861 Sata Dutch Pict. vii. 95 She is..a lachrymose, | 


grumbling, doleant, miserable waiting woman. 

Doleful (dé«lfiil), 21 Also deol-, del(e)-, 
dul(e)-, dil-, doil-, etc. [f. Dot 56.2+-ruL. In 
ME. found with the variant forms of Do.E 56.2; but 
doleful has been the standard form since 16th c.] 
Full of or attended with dole or grief ; sorrowful. 

1. Fraught with, accompanied by, or causing grief, 
sorrow, etc.; distressful, gloomy, dreary, dismal. 

3 1275 Lay. 6902 Ac hit was a deolful ping : pat he ne moste 
Jeng beo king. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 237 Pat was a deluol 
cas. a 1300 Cursor M. 7182 (Gott.) To doleful (v.77. deleful, 
deolful] a pai suld him bring. c1420 Anturs of Arth. 
xiii, Lo! hou dilful dethe hase thi Dame dy3te! 11435 
Torr. Portugal 521 Torrent toke a dulful wey, Downe in a 
depe valey. c1440 York Myst. xxvi. 99 Lord, who schall 
do pat doulfull dede? x 20 Dunbar Poems \xxxi. 23 
Scho playit sangis duilfull to heir. T. Ranpocreu in 
Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. Il. 202 The deulfull daye of the 
buriall of her howsbande. 1568 Titney Disc. Mariage 
D vj, The doolefull place, where he lay. 1624 Carr. Smitu 
Virginia 1. ii. 49 The most dolefullest noyse he ever 
heard. 1667 Mitton P. L.1. 65 Regions of sorrow, doleful 
shades. 1725 Pore Odyss, xxi. 349 In the doleful man- 
sions he survey’d His royal mother. 1847 Emerson Refr. 
Men, Shaks. Wks. (Bohn) I, 354 Here is..a string of 
doleful tragedies, merry Italian tales, and Spanish voyages. 

2. Of persons, their state, etc.: Full of pain, 
grief, or suffering; sorrowful, sad. 

c1430 Lypa. 7'hedes 111. (R.) Amphiorax they carry Set in 
his chaire with a doleful hert. ax Braprorp in Cover- 
dale Lett. Mart. (1564) 307 For the doulefull bodies of Gods 
people to reste in. 1§90 Spenser F. Q. 1. vi. 9 There find 
the virgin, doolfull, desolate. 1647 Cow.ey \/istress, Heart 
Sted again iii, The doleful Ariadne so, On the wide shore for- 
saken stood. 1829 Lytton Devereux u. ii, Never presume 
to look doleful again. 

3. Expressing grief, mourning, or suffering. 

¢127§ Lay. 11997 His heorte ne mihte beo sori for pane 
deolfulle cri. 1340 Hamroe Pr. Consc. 6877 Pai sal duleful 
crying and sorow here. 39. Gower Conf. III, 291 In 
dolfull clothes they hem clothe. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le 
Blanc's Trav. 104 In signe of mourning: Women .. are 
cloathed in white, the doleful colour there. 1797 Mrs. 
Rancurre /tadian iii. (1824) 550 She would. .look up..with 
such a doleful expression. 1 Kinocstey Herew. xiii, 
He went to his business with a doleful face. 

B. sb. (p/.) A doleful state. collog. (Cf. dismals.) 
r8az Mrs. E. Naruan Langreath Il. You have 
enough of the dolefuls at Langreath. 1882 Miss Brappon 

Mt. Royal LU, viii. 149 We shall be in the dolefals all the 
year. 


Do'leful, a.” rare. [f. Doue sb.3+-run.] Full 
of ‘dole’, crafty, malicious. 


588 


Do'lefully, adv.2 rare. [f. Doteruna.2 +-1y2.] 
With dole, fraud, or malice. 

1880 Muirneap Gaius iv, § 47 note, Was the thing de- 
posited, and has the depositary dolefully failed to restore 


it? 

Do'lefulness. [f. Dotervt a.1+-ness.] The 
quality or state of being doleful; grief, sadness, 
sorrowfulness ; dreariness, melancholy. 

cx Cov, Myst. (1841) 227 Ther had nevyr woman more 
doolfulness. ‘ALSGR. 214/2 Dolefulnesse, fristesse. 
1586 W. Wesse Eng. Poetrie(Arb.) 65 Wordes. .expressing 
wonderfully the dolefulnesse of the song. 1887 Miss 
Baappon Like § Unilike i, Sir Adrian offered no reason for 
dolefulness. 

Dolence. ‘are. [f. Dovenr: see -ENCE.] 
Mourning, expression of grief. 

1861 Zemple Bar Mag. 1. 301 The song.. rises first to 
plaintive dolence, then to a passionate wail. 

Dolent (déulént), a. (sb.) arch. Also 5 do- 
lant(e, dolaunt. [a. F. do/ent grieving, sad, 
suffering (11th c.), ad. L. dolént-em, pr. pple. of 
dolére to grieve; also (in Caxton) a. OF. do/ant, 
pr. pple. of doloir, douloir to grieve.] 

1. Sorrowing, grieving; sorrowful, sad. 

61450 Loneticn Grail xxvi. 64 A sorweful womman, and 
ful dolente. ¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn vi. 25 The 
damoysell dolaunt. ¢ 153° Lo. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 
(1814) 169 All the other knyghtes were ryghte dolent for his 
sake. 1634 Forp P. Warbeck 1. iv, The king is angry.. 
And the passionate duke Effeminately dolent. 1868 Loxc- 
FELLOw tr. Dante's Inferno 11. 1 Through me the way is to 
the city dolent ! Through me the way is to eternal dole. 

2. Expressing or indicating grief or sorrow; 
mournful, doleful. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xviii. 68 Dolaunte lamentacyons 
rewthe$ and complayntes. 1552 Lynpesay Monarche 5150 
With dolent Lamentatioun. 1882 ///ustr. Lond. News 25 
Mar. 278 Why these dolent reflections ? - 

+3. Attended with or causing sorrow or grief; 
grievous, distressing. Ods. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. mt. vii. 181 The dolent and 
sorowfull deth comyng oftymes sodaynly. 1572 Satir. 

’oems Reform. xxx. 7 Him..Quhome dolent deith hes 
laitly done deuoir. z 

+ B. as sb. A sorrowful or suffering person. rare. 

1530 Calisto & M.in Hazl. Dodsley 1.82 Is this the dolent 
for whom thou makist petition? 

Hence Do‘lently adv. 

1548 Hart Chron., Hen. VIII (1809) 782, I thynke never 
Prince tooke it more sorrowfully nor more dolently. 

Doler (déla1). rare. In 6 dolar. [f. DoLe 
v.1+-ER1.] One who doles ; a dispenser. 

1593 (. Exiz. tr. Boethius u. metr. ii. 10 The liberal dolar 
of golds plenty. 

Dolerin(e (dglérin). A/in. [a. F. dolérine, 
f. Gr. BoAepés deceptive + -INE.] (Sée quots.) 

1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11, Dolerin, a gneissoid rock 
in the Kips, consisting of talc and fels, 1878 LawrENcE 
tr. Cotta's Rocks Class. 244 Dolerine is the name given by 
Jurine to a tale-schist with essential ingredients of felspar 
and chlorite. 

Dolerite (dglérait). Ain. [a. F. dolérite 
(Haiiy), f. Gr. 50Aepés deceptive + -ITE: so called 
from the difficulty of discriminating its constituents.] 
A mineral allied to basalt, containing feldspar (la- 
bradorite) and augite. 

1838 Lye. Elem, Geol. (1865) 594 The variety of basalt 
called dolerite. 1849 Murcnison Séluria xii. 294 Cut 
through by dykes and masses of dolerite. Rutiey Study 
Rocks xiii. 253 The basalts vary considerably in structure : 
the coarsely crystalline varieties, and those in which the 
different mineral constituents are sufficiently well developed 
to be distinguished by the naked eye, are termed dolerites. 

attrib. » L, Outrnant Gilead iii, 82 A small building 
of dolerite stone. . bearing the marks of extreme antiquity. 
Hence Doleri‘tic a., of the nature of dolerite. 
9 Rpg rg Siluria xii. 293 Basalt and doleritic tra| 
868 Dana Ain. 343 Dolerytic and basaltic lavas. . 
Dol ite (dplérpfanoit). AZin. [f. Gr. 
doAepds deceptive + pay-, stem of paivey to appear 
+-IrE, Named by Scacchi, 1873,dolerafano.) A 
form of — of copper of volcanic formation, 
found on Mount Vesuvius, 


1 Dana Min. App. 11. 17. 

Dohosouns (dd isiim), 2. Now rare. 
5b.2 + -8oME,] = Dorerut a.l 

1533 Bettenpen Livy u. (1822) 155 All thingis apperit 
richt dou! 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. it. 173 Hir 
duil deith be wars than Jesabell. 1586 W. Wesve 


[f. Dot 


Be a ——— “eV ——s a < "' . — 
UIRHEAD Gaius m1. +. being liable only 
in so far as he himecif hae deos Something doleful [si guid 
ipse dolo malo fecerit), 

Dolefully (daulfiili), adv.1 Forms: see the adj. 
[f Dotervn al + -Ly*.) In a doleful manner; 
sorrowfully, arrerigtar' sadly; drearily, dismally. 

ex12ag0 Beket 1481 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 149 Heo weopen and 
criden deolfulliche, Lane. P. Pz. C. rv. 419 Pat agag 
-.and al hus lyge pu kn, o! 
here eldren. cx Tomechy Myst, (Surtees) 222 Behold 
if ever ye saw y.. thus dulf 


Eng. Poetrie (Arb, In beechen groues, and dolesome 
shondewy — Ze s. Becamer Zara (1719) 17 The 
most of the dolesom Night. 1725 Pore Odyss. x1. 191 
The dolesome realms of darkness and of death. a 1849 
i; C. Mancan Poems (1859) 135 Soon will the death-bell’s 
nelling A dolesome tale be telling. 

Hence Do‘lesomely adv. ; Do‘lesomeness. 
.159t Horsty raz, (Hakl. Soc.) 208, z great .. bells .. 


DOLIUM. 


dowie. 1860 Bartiett Dict. Amer., Doless, inefficient. 
‘He's a doless sort of fellow.’ 1881 B. Taytor Ballads, 
Old Pennsylv. Farmer vi, But they're a doless set. 

, early var. of DoLour. 

Dolf, earlier form of Sc. Dowr a. 

Dolf, -en, obs. pa. t. and pple. of DELvz. 

Dolfin, -yn, obs. forms of DoLPxin. 

(dg-liko,séfee'lik), a. Ethnol. 
Also dolikho-kephalic. 
+ KE 
head.] Long-headed: applied to skulls of which 
the breadth is less than four-fifths (or, accord- 
ing to Broca, three-fourths) of the length; also 
(less commonly) to tribes of men having such 
skulls: opposed to BRACHYCEPHALIC, 

1849-s Topp Cyc. Anat. IV. 1325/2 The first of these 
skulls would certainly be placed..in the ‘doli “a 
division of Professor Retzius. 1861 Hutme tr. ins 
Tandon 1. v. 32 The features are ee, Pag oe] 
dolikhokephalic. 1866 Huxiey Preh. Rem. Caithn. 84 
Skulls .. with the cephalic index less than o8 are Dolicho- 


cephalic. Lussock Preh. Times v. 142 If we class 
those skulls in which the relation of the breadth to the 


length is less tha long heads, or Doli ic, 
pre ie which Vb aon a to onde! aeedhon Mende 
1879 tr. De Quatrefages’ Hum. Species 164 Tribes which 
were tall and dolichocephalic, 

So Dolichoce'phali si, #/. [mod.Latin], men 
with dolichocephalic skulls. Dolichoce-phalism, 
the condition or quality of being dolichocephalic. 
Dolichoce‘phalous a.= DOLICHOCEPHALIC. Do- 
lichoce‘phaly = dolichocephalism. 

1851 D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) 1. ix. 281 [He] classes 
the Celts among dolichocephali. 71864 Reader 17 Dec.771/1 
Skull .. highly dolichocephalous and we aneinhe Baca — 
Tuurnam Brit, & Gaul. Skulis in Anthropol. Soc. Lond. 
477 (L.) If dolichocephalism and brachycephalism have ever, 
as characters, a race-value, they have it in this instance. 1866 
Houxcey Preh. Rem. Caithn. 112 Brachycephaly diminishing 
and dolichocephaly increasing with the latitude. 1872 
Darwin Desc. Man 1, iv. 148 Welcker finds that short 
men incline more to brachyce; y, and tall men to 
dolichocephaly. 1880 Nature XXI. 224 Dolichocephalism 
and prognathism..prevail, 1881 /éid. XXIII. 221 The 
Australians .. are usually represented as black, straight- 
haired, dolichocephalous. 

Doli erous (dplikg'séras), a. rare. [f. 
Gr. 5oArxés long + «épas horn. Cf. F. dolichocere.] 
Having long ‘ horns’ or antennz ; of or belonging 
to the Dolichocera a sub-tribe of Auscides in La- 
treille’s classification. Syd. Soc. Lex. (1883). 

Dolichoderous (dglikgdéras), a. rare. Also 
-di'rous. [f. Gr. do0dArxddep-os long-necked, f. 
5orixés long + dep, Saph neck. Cf. F. dolicho- 
get Oe peeg Syd. Soc, Lex. (1883). 

Dolichopodous (dglikp:pddas), a. rare. [f. 
Gr. d0Arxé08- long-footed, f. doAcxés long + mous, 
mo0d- foot. Cf. F. dolichopode.] Having long feet. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

| Dolichos (dg'likgs). Bot. [mod.L., a. Gr. 30- 
Auxés long: named in reference to the length of the 
pods, 1. .¥. ry” A genus of leguminous 
plants allied to the Haricot, widely distributed 
through Asia, Africa, and aie : a 

. SS a i , yt 

1753 Cuampers Cyed. by 0d olichos, in Botany, the 


name of a genus of plants papil kind. x: 
Romans Hist. Florida 130 A species of — 
introduced into Georgia trom China. 0 Golden Sou 
198 Fences covered with dolichos, ma ia, and hoya. 
Do (dplikaetis).” Zool, [£'Gr. Bodsxée 


long + o¥s, dr- ear.] A genus of long-eared South 
Amen Dares Idle Days Patagonia iii. 38 Deer, 

1893 W. H. Hupson lays Pa » A 
peccary, dolichotis or jan hare, 

| Dolichurus (dplikitie-rds). Gr. and L. Pros, 
[mod.L., ad. Gr, 50Aixoupos long-tailed; also in 
prosodic sense.] A lic hexameter with a 
redundant syllable in the last foot. Hence Doli- 
churic a., as a dolichuric hexameter. 

Dolie, obs. form of Doxy, a. 

Doliman : see Dotman. 


Doling, v7. sb.: see Dotx v.1, 2, 3, 

Dolioloid (ddwlidloid), a. rave’ [f L. datiol- 
um, dim. of dolium cask + -oID.] (See quot.) 

1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dolioloid. .resem| a cask. 

Delite (idloit), Paleond, [ad. mod.L. Délites 
(Kriiger 1823), £ Dolium: see below and -1TE.] 
A soon shell - the genus fe Dee j 

Do--little, sd. a. [f. Dov.+Li1TLe.] a. 
sb, One who does little; a lazy person. b. adj. 
Doleg Sines lazy. 

5 . B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. \. 1 
a fat and fertile soile, are commonly do-litt 
a@1654 Br. Ricnarpson Old Test. (v 
talkers are do-littles. 4 NNeTT tr. Eras, 


Men borne in 
and cowards. 
1 (T.) Great 


ringinge all together .. and verie ye. 1 Br. 
Hatt Medit. % Vows, Death (R.) The dol of 
the grave. ‘olk Lore 119 The dole- 


J. E. Vaux Ch. 
someness of this portion of my book. 
Doless (di‘lés), a. Sc. and U.S. [f. Dov. + 
-LESS; app. sometimes confused with Dow .xss.] 
Inactive, inefficient, without energy; good for 
airing, useless, 
Ba Picken Poems 148 (Jam.) Hard is the fate o' ony 
d tyke, That's forc’d to marry ane he disna like. 
Gaur &. Githaise I. 135 (Jam.) Sae casten down, doless, 


on Folly 4x What ‘Woman would content with such 
1834 Fons.anque 7 Administ. 
(1837) III. 10x The. .do-little policy which he regrets. 

| Dolium (dow'lidm). [Lat.; =a cask, jar.] 

1. Rom. rai A cE apr ag or vessel, 
more or less spherical, for hoe wine, oil, or dry 
rr roy etc. ‘ i in Baws 3 =e a = : 

z iger in Househ. 1 ‘or everey 
of the Kisheular Uf the usu: Odilum cf wen, S00 


DOLK. 


Porta's Nat. Magick w. xxiii. 152 For every Dolium, powder 
one ounce of Allome. 

2. Zool. A genus of gastropod molluscs, having 
a ventricose shell; also called 2. 

1752 Sin J. Hitt Hist. Anim. 149 (Jod.) From the 
resemblance of the body of this shell to a vessel for the 
containing fluids, the genus has been naméd dolium. 1854 
Woopwarp Mollusca (1856) 115 Dolium, Lam. The tun. 
1878 Beit Gegendaur’s Comp, Anat, 361. 

Dolk (dglk). Ods. exc. dial, [In form app. the 
same as DALK, Dokg, as in sense 3 ; but sense 1 
has suggested identity with OE. do/h, dolg wound, 
scar, gash, a Common Teut. word = OF ris. dolch, 
OHG. ¢o/g wound ; this, however, does not account 
for the final & sound.] 

+1. A wound, ascar. Ods. 
 a1a25 Ancr. R. 2 Pe on..maked hire efne & smede, 
widute knotte & dolke of woh. c12zg0 Gen. §& Ex. 3027 
Dole, sor, and blein on erue and man. 

2. A dint;=DaB sé. 1 b. 

1861 Wynter Soc. Bees, Aristocr. Rooks 383 Put an end 
to by a dolk in the poll from a [crow’s] beak close by. 

3. =Doke, Dark. 

@ 1825 in Forsy Voc. E. Anglia. 1893 Zincke Wherstead 
251 Dolk [is used in East Anglia] for a depression, generally 
in the ground. 

Doll (del) 5.1 [se shortened pet-form of Dorothy, 
Dor- being modified to Dol-: cf. Hal, Sall, Mall, 
Moll, Poll= Harry, Sarah, Mary.] 

1. A pet form of the name Dorothy. 
given generically to a female pet, a mistress. 
the smallest or pet pig in a litter (dia/.). 

1560 Nice Wanton in Hazl. Dodsley 11. 169 But ich tell 
your minion doll, by Gogs body. 1578 Coorer Thesaurus, 
O Capitulum lepidissimum, o pleasaunt companion: O 
little pretie doll polle. @xs92 Greene Yas. /V, 1. i, In 
loving of my Doll [Dorothea], Thou bind’st her father’s 
heart, 1597 SHaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1, i. 176 Will you have Doll 
Teare-sheet meet you? /éid. 11. iv. 23 Enter Hostesse, and 
Dol. 1619 FretcHer MZ. Thomas iv. vi, Com Doll, Doll, 
— me. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., Doll, the smallest pig in a 
iter. 

2. An image of a human being (commonly of 
a child or lady) used as a plaything ; a girl’s toy- 
baby. (Cf. Sc. Doroty, a doll, a puppet. (Jam.)] 

1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Doll. .also a Child’s Baby. 

7 Garrick Miss in her Teens 1. i, I'll carry you and 
your doll too, 1764 O’Hara Midas 1. v, An infant’s dol. 
1833 Hr. Martineau Loom § Luggert. i, As large as my 
doll’s saucers. 1860 Adi Vear Round No. 52. 35 A laborious 
class Who earn painful bread by fashioning dolls’ eyes. 

3. transf. A pretty, but unintelligent or empty 
person, esp. when dressed up ; a pretty, but silly or 
frivolous woman. A do/l’s face, one conventionally 
pretty, but without life or expression. 

1841-4 Emerson Zss., Selfreliance Wks. (Bohn) I. 32 
A sturdy lad..is worth a hundred of these city dolls. 1860 
All Year Round No. 47. 497 No worker cares to espouse 
a doll who costs such a deal of money to dress. 1894 Barinc- 
Goutp Queen Love III. 145 You care for herself—for her 
doll’s face and wig of yellow hair? 

4. +a. A hairdresser’s block. Ods. b. =DoLiy 
sb1 4a. ¢@. A pair of steps, with wheels, and 
a stage at the top, used on coal-wharves. d. Dodl’s 
head (in a rifle), a top-extension fitting into a mor- 
tice in the top of the standing-breech. 

a1joo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Doll, a wooden Block to 
make up Commodes upon. 1841 P. Parley’s Ann. 11. 178 
As I understand you get your living by washing, I send 
you a doll now .. namely, a washing doll. 188r GREENER 
Gun 216 Our new treble-bolt prevents this by keeping the 
doll’s head firmly down in the slot in standing-breech. 

5. Comb., as doll-face, -kind, -maker, -pig, (see 1), 
etc. ; doll-like, -stzed adjs.; + Doll-common (the 
Cheater’s punk in Ben Jonson’s Alchemist) a 
common woman, a prostitute. 

1610 B, Jonson Aéch. 1. i, Thou shalt sit in triumph, Afid 
not be styled Dol Common, but Dol Proper, Dol Singular. 
1684 Otway Atheist v. (1735) 93 What, be a Doll-common, 
and follow the camp. 1823-5 Vonsanach Encycl. Antig.s.v. 
Doll (L.), In the middle ages the doll-maker was called 
coroplastes, and the dolls clothed like infants. 1828 Miss 
Mirrorpv Village Ser. ut, Introd. (1863) 461 The delicate 
doll-like baby..is her own. 1843 P. Parley’s Ann. IV. 269 
The poor woman .. wept as if she had lost her youngest 
child instead of the doll pig, which is the name usually 

ven to the pet of the farrow. 1884 Tennyson Becket 1v. 
ul, A doll-face blanch’d and bloodless. 2 

Hence Do‘llatry, monce-wd. [after zdolatry], 
worship of dolls, Do*lldom, the world of dolls. 
Do'llhood, the state or condition of a doll, or of 
being like a doll. Doclship, the personality of a 
doll or doll-like woman. 

1856 Chamb. F¥rni. V1. 26x To convince good Protestant 
mammas that ‘dollatry’ was not the result or the origin of 
Mariolatry. 1860 Ad? Year Round No. 52. 35 Those limp 
enormities of dolldom with their pink wooden legs. 1893 
Graphic une 627/3 How a lady moving in the best 
circles of dolldom ought to be dressed. 18.. CarLyLE Let., 
There is much for her to do. .her whole sex to deliver from 
the bondage of frivolity, dollhood, and imbecility. 1876 
W. Bayiiss Witness of Art 19 Radiant with all that real 
hair, and wax and rolling eyes can impart to dollhood. 
1754 Ricuarpson Grandison (1811) VI. 104 The man who 
should dare to say half I have written of our dollships ought 
not to go away with his life. . 


+ Doll, si.2. Ods. [Thesameas Date] The 


palm of the hand. 
¢1460 (See Datte]. 1570 Levins Mani. 160/10 Y° Doll 


Hence 
Also, 


589 


of the hand, vo/a. 1865 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. vi. (1593) 138 
Her babes their prettie dolles did retch. 

+ Doll, v. Ods. Also 6-9 dowl. [Deriv. un- 
known: it has been conjectured to be the same 
word as dull (of which do// occurs as a ME, form) : 
but the Promptorium separates them.] 

1. trans. To warm moderately; to make tepid ; 
to mull. Hence Do‘lling vé/. sd. 

¢ 1440 Pronp. Parv. 126/1 Dollyd, sum what hotte, /efe- 
Jactus. Dollyn’ ale, or oper drynke, tefefacio. ¢ 1490 [bid., 
Dollynge (MS. K), Doolynge (MS. H), tefefactio. 1658 
Puuirs, Dolling, warming. [So in Cotes, Kersey, BatLey.] 

2. To render stale or vapid, to deaden (drink). 

1483 Cath. Angl. 103/2 Dollyd as wyne or ale, defunctus, 
vapidus. 1513 Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 268 Loke 
ye gyue no persone noo dowled drynke. 1855 Roginson 
Whitby Gloss., Dowld or Duill'd, deadened as stale liquor. 


+ Doll, var. of Da (Anglo-Jnd.), akind of pulse ; 
obs. f. DoLE 56.2, Dui. 

Dollar (dglex). Forms: 6 daleir, -er, dal(1)or, 
dalder, doler, dolor, 6-7 daller, 7-8 doller, -or, 
7-dollar. [In 16th c. daler, daller,a, LG. and 
early mod.Du. daler (mod.Du. daalder), = HG. 
taler, thaler, recorded by Alberus 1540, along with 
the full term Joachimstaler, lit. ‘(gulden) of 
Joachimsthal’ (in Bohemia), where they were coined 
in 1519, from a silver mine opened there in 1516 
(Kluge). From LG. or HG. taken into other 
langs. In England before 1600 modified to do//ar.] 

1, The English name for the German ¢haler, a 
large silver coin, of varying value, current in the 
German states from the sixteenth century ; esp. the 
unit of the German monetary union (1857-73) 
equal to 3 marks (about 2s. 11¢.). AYso of coins 
of northern countries, bearing equivalent names, as 
the vigsdaler of Denmark, rzksdaler of Sweden. 
Pie i R. Morysin &-Str T, CHAMBERLAYNE Let, 4 Apr. in 


odge Lllustr. etc. Edw. WI, xxiii. (1791) 1. 166 The; 


Duke of Wirtemberg..shall have for his charges 66000 
dalers. 
daleiris. 1560 Gresuam in Burgon Life & 7°. (1839) I. 334 
To be received of the Countie of Mansfield. . 300,000 dallors ; 
which, at five shillings each, is 75,000. 1577 Harrison Enxg- 
land 1. xxv. (1877) 1. 364 Of siluer coines..are the dalders, 
and such, often times brought ouer. 1588 J. Reap Covm- 
pend. Method 68 A plate .. in thickenesse of a Dolor of 
siluer. x160r R. Jounson Avugd. & Commo. (1603) 92, 2 
dollars of money... every house one dollor. 1606 C7t. & 
Times Fas. I (1849) 1. 67 The King of Denmark .. hath 

iven in court 30,000 dollars, a 1618 SyLvester Sed/e-Civil- 

Var 108 For Dallers, Dolours hoordeth in my Chest. 1706 
Puitutrs (ed. Kersey), Dollar, a foreign coin: The Zeoland, 
or common Dollar is worth 3 shillings sterling, the specie 
Dollar 5s. The Dollar of Riga 4s. 8¢. Of Lunenburg and 
Brisgaw 4s. 2¢@. Of Hamburgh 3s. 2¢. 1763 SHENSTONE 
Economy 1. 218 With nice precision learn A dollar’s value. 
1775 WRaxaLt Zour North. Europe ror, | tender them one of 
fifty copper dollars. 1865 CarLyLe /vedk. Gt. VII. xvit.v. 56. 

2. The English name for the peso or piece of 
eight (i.e. eight reales), formerly current in Spain 
and the Spanish American colonies, and largely 
used in the British N. American Colonies at the 
time of their revolt. - 

1s8r Ricu Farewell Milit. Profession (Shaks. Soc.) 217 
Their beardes sometymes cutte rounde, like a Philippes 
doler. 1634 Sir ‘I’. Hersert 7vav. 41 A Spanish shilling 
(which is a fourth part of a Dollar). 1650 Butwer Anthro- 
pomet. 108 As great as a silver Caroline Doller. 1767 
Frankuin Wks, (1887) 1V. 90 A dollar thereby coming to 
be rated at eight shillings in paper money of New York. 
1779 R. Kine in Life & Corr. (1894) 1. 30 Could you send 
me three or four hundred of those good for nothing paper 
dollars? 1813 WELLINGTON 25 Feb. in Gurw. Desf. X. 143 
Dollars are issued to the troops at the rate of 4/6 sterling 
each, which is the mint price of dollars in England. 1879 
H. Purtiirs Notes Coins 12 A silver dollar of Philip II of 
Spain bears among his other titles that of King of England. 

. The standard unit of the gold and silver coin- 
age of the United States of America, containing 
100 cents; equal in value to about 4s. 13¢. English. 
Also a coin of corresponding value in Canada and 
some other British colonies. Sometimes abbre- 
viated do/., but more generally represented by the 
dollar-mark $ before the number. 

The decimal system of coinage and the dollar were 
adopted by the Continental Congress on 6 July 1785 (see 
quot.), but were not brought into use till 1794, two years 
after the law of 2 April 1792 establishing the mint. 

[1782 ‘Le Jerrerson Notes on a Money Unit for U.S. 
Wks, III. 446 The unit or [Spanish] dollar is a known coin 
and the most familiar of all to the mind of the people. -It is 
already adopted from south to north] 1785 Resol. Con- 
tinent. Congress U.S. 6 July, Resolved, that the money 
unit of the United States of America be one dollar. 1796 
Amer. State Papers For, Relat. (1832) I. 549 (Stanf. s.v. 
Douceur) Sixty thousand dollars were paid. 1821 ‘T. Jerrer- 
son Autobiog. Writ. 1892 1. 74, I proposed .. to adopt the 
Dollar as our Unit ofaccountand payment. 1837 W. Irvine 
Wolfert's R. (1855) 25 The almighty dollar, that great object 
of universal devotion throughout our land. 

4, Also used as a name for various foreign coins 
of a value more or less approaching that of the 
Spanish or American dollar ; as the feso of Mexico, 
and of the republics of Central and South America 
(varying from 69-8 to 96-5 U.S. cents), the pzastre 
of Arabia, the ye of Japan, etc. 

1882 BrrHett Counting-ho. Dict. (1893) 99 s.v. Dodlon, 
The Gold Doblon of i weighing 7:626 gi +900 


a1s60 Aberdeen Reg. V. 24 (Jam.) Twa siluer JJ 


DOLLOP. 


fine, value 5 Chilian dollars, or 18s. 8-95¢. bf. 222 s.v. 
Patacon, /’atacon. (a.) The unit of value in the Argentine 
Republic (La Plata). It bears also the alternative names of 
Peso Duro, and Hard Dollar. /did. 226 s.v. Peso, The 
excellence of the Mexican peso, or dollar, renders it a 
favourite coin with all countries, and has given it much of 
the character of an international coin.  /éid. 228 s.v. 
Piastre, Vhe Piastre or Mocha Dollar is the unit of value 
in Arabia, and is worth nearly 3s. 5. 
b. slang. A five-shilling piece; a crown. 

5. With qualifying words. Azzzard dollar, a 
name applied, in derision of the figure of an eagle 
on the reverse side, to the United States silver 
dollar of 4124 grains, coined in accordance with 
the Bland Bill of 1878. Z7oz dollar, a Dutch coin 
bearing the figure of a lion; also current in New 
York in colonial times. 2//ar dollar, a silver 
coin of Spain, bearing a figure of the Pillars of 
Hercules, formerly current in the Spanish colonies 
in America: cf. sense 2. Zyade dollar, a silver 
dollar of 420 grains formerly coined by the United 
States mint for purposes of trade with eastern Asia. 
Dollar of the fathers, a phrase applied to the silver 
dollar, by those who advocated its remonetization, 
which was effected in 1878; see quot. 1889. 

az7zg Wuitwortu Acc. Russia (1758) 77 Of the same 
goodness with Lyon Dollars, viz. twelve ounces fine silver, 
and four ounces alloy to the pound. 1768 Gov. Moore 70 
Earl of Hillsborough 14 May (Documents relating to 
Colon. Hist. of N. Y. VIII. 72), The Lyon Dollars 


(a species of money brought here by the first Dutch settlers) 
are rarely now seen. 


1823 Crass Technol. Dict., s.v. The 
ars] are called pillar dollars, because 
rse the arms of Spain between two 
Tribune 21 July, 6 Some of the absurdi- 


pillars, 1877 NV. Y. 


ties of the demand for the ‘ Dollar of our Fathers’. 1878 
Nation (N. Y.) 10 Jan. 26 Linderman .. was the pro- 
jector of the trade-dollar. 1882 Birnety Counting-ho. 


Dict. (1893) 301 ‘The coinage of the Silver ‘Trade Dollar 
was first authorized by the Act of Feb. reth, 1873. 1889 
Farmer Amer., Dollar of the Fathers, a catch cry, turned 
by opponents into the ‘dollar of the daddies’, which was 
used during the remonetization agitation of 1877. 

6. attrib, and Comb. (Dollar-mark: see 3. 

1844 Dickens A/art. Chus. xxxiii, A little roll of dollar- 
notes fell out upon the ground. 1883 Cextury Alag. XXVI. 
596/2 Folding the dollar-bills that she, had brought her. 
1894 A/ontreal Star Almanac for 1895. 132 It was found 
convenient to continue the old dollar-mark in the South, 
and to adopt it in the North. : 

Hence Dovllared a., furnished with dollars, 
wealthy. Do‘llarless a@., without dollars: cf. 
penniless. Dollaro-cracy, o01ce-wd. : see -CRACY. 
Dollarship (Aumorously, the personality of a 
dollared man. 

1844 Dickens Mart. Chusz. xvii. (D.) A dollarless and 
unknown man. 1869 H. Dreepes America 151 So long as 
their Dollarships’ eyes and noses are not affected by his 
[the negro’s] propinquity. 1884 Lougw. Mag. Feb. 386 The 
dollaredlady. 1889 Padd MallG. 2 July 2/r The phlegmatic 
assurance of dollarocracy. 

Do'llar-bird. An Australian bird of the genus 
Eurystomus, so called from a large round white 
spot on the wing. 

1847 Leicunarpt JYrud. v. 156 The dollar-bird passed 
with its arrow-like flight. 

Do'llar-fish. ; 

1. A name given to two kinds of fish, from their 
round form and silvery colour (in the case of the 
former, of the young.) a. Vomer setipinnis, called 
also moonfish. b. Stromateus triacanthus, called 
also butter- and harvest-fish. 

2. An echinoderm of a discoid shape; a cake- 
urchin or sand-dollar. 

18.. J, W. Dawson in Borthwick’s Br.-A mer. Rar. (1860) 
222 The curious flat cake-like shells of the Echinarachnius 
Adlanticus,— the dollar-fish of some parts of the coast. 

Dollied, -er, -ness: see after DoLLy a. and v. 

Dollin, obs. var. of dolven, pa. pple. of DELVE. 

Dollish (dg'lif), a. [f. Dot sd. + -1su.] Some- 
what doll-like ; having characteristics of a doll. 

1865 E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune 11. 237 She's rather 
dollish, to my taste. 1874 Burnanp My Time xxxii. 320 As 
pretty, though dollish, a blonde as you'd wish to see. 

Hence Do'llishly adv. ; Do'llishness. 

1892 Academy 2 Jan. 9/1 A woman .. less dollishly pretty 

rhaps. 1893 Vat. Observer 437/1 Dolls both, and equal 
in their dollishness. 

Dollop (dg'lep). Also 6-9 dallop. [Origin 
obscure: cf. Norweg. dial. do/p lump (Ross).] 

+1. Farming. A patch, tuft, or clump of grass, 
weeds, etc. ina field. Ods. 

1573 Tusser //usé. liv. (1878) 121 Let dallops about be 
mowne and had out. /67d. vii. 131 Of barlie the longest 
and greenest ye find, Leave standing by dallops. 1669 
Woruiwce Syst. Agric. (1681) 316 Dadlops, a term used in 
some places for Patches or Chena of Grass or Weeds 
among Corn, a@x825 Forsy Voc. E. bing abe rank 
tufts of growing corn where heaps of manure have lain. 

2. collog. or vulgar. (See quots.) 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., A dollop is a large quantity 
of any thing; the whole dollop means the total quantity. 
a 1825 Forsy Voc. £. Anglia, che $i a clumsy and 
shapeless lump of any thing tumbled about in the hands. 
1853 V. § Q. 1st Ser. VIII. 65/2 ‘ What a dollop of fat you 
have given me!’ 1880 BLacKMoRE ae Avert XXxvi, 
1 sent a great dollop of water into the of the poor 


DOLLY. 


b. An untidy woman, a slattern, ap dial. 

a 1825 in Forsy Voc. £. Anglia. 1877 NW. . Linc. Gloss. 

Dolly (deli), sd.1 [f. Dot : see -¥.] 

1. A familiar pet-form of the name Dorothy 
(=Dott sé,1 1), 

1610 B. Jonson Ach, 1. iii, (To Dol Common), So much 
the easier to be cozen’d, my Dolly, 1841-4 Emerson Zss. 
Spir. Laws Wks, (Bohn) 1. 70 rhe great soul incarnat 
in some. . Dolly or Joan. 

2. +a. A female pet or favourite. Obs. slang. 
b. A drab, slattern, useless woman. dal. or collog. 

1648 Herrick Hesper., Lyrick to Mirth (1869) 38 Kisse 
our dollies night and day. 1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. 11. 
v. 13 And so away he led his Dolly. 1828 Craven Dialect, 
Dolly, a slattern, 1883 Admondd. i Huddersf. Gloss. 8.V., 

‘He's got a maungy dolly for a wife.’ 1873 Dixon 7zvo 
Queens 1. m. vi. 149 Puebla .. took his seat at table with 
— dollies and their mates. 

A pet name for a child’s doll. (Also treated 
as este personal name of a female doll.) 
Morison Poems 82 (Jam.) Like a dally drawn on 
Or china ware. 1865 E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune 1. 
143 A ragshop, with its black dolly dangling over the door. 
1884 Health Exhtb. Catal. 137/2 Dolly as a baby, asa girl, 
as a young lady, as a lady. ; 

4. Applied to various contrivances fancied to 
resemble a doll in some way. 

a. dial, A wooden appliance with two artns, and legs or 
feet, used to stir and twirl clothes in the wash-tub, called a 
dolly- tub; also called dolly-legs or -stick, peggy, maiden, 
The name is sometimes less correctly given to the tub, and 
extended to mechanical contrivances fulfilling the same pur- 
pose ; also to an apparatus for agitating and washing ore in 
a vessel ; and to a beetle for linen, beating hemp, etc. 

1792 Ww. Roserts Looker-on No. 41 The Dumb Dolly, or 
a machine for washing, is recommended. 1828 Craven 
Dialect, Dolly..a washing tub. 1840 SpuRDENS Suppl. to 
Forby, ’ Dolly, a beetle used in ‘bunching hemp’, as 
a punishment, in bridewell. x Stmmonps Dict. Trade, 
Dolly, in mining parlance a perforated board, placed over 
a tub containing ore to be washed, and which being worked 
by a winch-handle, gives a circular motion to the ore. 1869 
R. B. Smytu Goldy. Victoria 609 Dolly, an instrument used 
by diggers for dividing and mixing the tough clay or 
cement with water in the puddling-tub. 1877 Holderness 
Gloss. s.v., Dolly-tub, a barrel-shaped machine for washing 
clothes which are stirred about with a pronged-instrument, 
called a dolly-stick. 1884 Atheneum 26 Apr. 533/1 One 
sort of dolly is a barrel-formed tub, in which a beater 
is worked by hand up and down. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., 
Dolly, a clothes washing stick, made with feet, but other- 
wise like a poss-stick. 1894 Super/?. Woman (ed. 4) 1. 159 
[The] dolly-tub stood with some of the wet linen hanging 
on the side. 

b. Pile-driving. A short length of timber or metal set 
on the top of a pile to act asa buffer between it and the 
ram; also used to lengthen the pile when driven out of the 
reach of the ram; a punch, 

1838 Simms Public Wks. Gt. Brit. 11. (1846) 22 Cast-iron 
dolleys, weighing about 1} cwt., were fitted to the tops of 
the main piles to receive the blows. 1868 Minutes Proc. 
Inst. Civ. Engin. XXVII. 318 A timber dolly was used 
between the pile and the ram, 

ce. Austral. Goldfields. A rude appliance somewhat on 
the pancipls of a pile-driver, used to crush auriferous quartz. 

1 B. Smytu Goldf. Victoria 609 Dolly ..a log of 

shod with iron and suspended from a sapling over a 
stump, and used in the early days for crushing quartz. 1880 
SurHerLanp Tales Gold. 75 For the purpose a testing the 

uartz they employed a very primitive apparatus, which 
the miners call a dolly. 

d. A machine for punching iron; a tool used in forming 
the head of a rivet. 

1848 /nv. Wallsend Colliery (Northumbld. Gloss.), A 
punching gat 16} cwts. 1869 Sir E. J. Reep SAipbuild. 
xvii. 340 The holder-up .. after having driven the head 
(of the rivet] well up by a few heavy blows, holds upon it 
with a large hammer or a tool called a ‘dolly’. 1879 
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 134/2 A workman . esses 
against the head with. .a mass of iron termed a ‘dol y’. 

e. A contrivance with a covering of rags, polish, etc., 
be me various trades for polishing. 

es Britten Watch & Clockm. 213 Wooden dollies 
of pests shape covered with the finest doe skin and 
rotated in the lathe are used. 1891 Sheffield Gloss. Suppl., 
Dolly, a wheel covered by rags, and used by cutlers in 
polishing their wares. 

f. collog.& dial. A binding of rag round a hurt finger, etc. 

1888 in Berksh. Gloss. 


An : aratus for street eer (See quot. 1873.) 
1851-6 avHew Lond. Lab, ot bi ) The proprietors 
of Street ‘Gaps, aa swings. he the-dolly, spin-’em round 


{etc.].] 1873 Slang Dict., Dolly. .consisting of a round d board 
and the figure of an - a or ‘ Dolly’, down which was a 
spiral hole. A marble drop) — the Dolly’, would 
stop in one of the small holes its (numbered) on the 
board, 1891 Daily News 5 Soot. 7/3 The stock-in-trade of 
the offenders, chiefly roulette tables and ‘ dollies', being 
destroyed by ‘order of the Court. 


5. Comb. as dolly-land ; dolly-bar, ‘a block or 
bar in the trough of a grindstone which is lowered 
into the water to raise the latter against the face of 
the stone by displacement’ (Knight Déct. Mech.) ; 
dolly-legs: see 4a; dolly-man, one who keeps 
a dolly-shop ; (¢.) one who works with a dolly ; 
dolly-mop (slang), a drab; dolly-pedal, a tool 
used by chainmakers in welding the ends of a link ; 
dolly-shop, a marine store, hop where rags, 
bottles, etc. are bought, frequently having a black 
doll hanging outside as a sign, and often serving as 
a low or illegal pawn-shop; dolly-tub: see 4 a. 


1869 Lonsdale Gloss., * Dolly-legs, an a with five 
run “— for washing. 1851 Mayuew Lond. aie 


590 


mole iw, ii a gs f drunk and 
Sim, iv, His li 's for runk a 
running after the* “s U Meosed inaeed 
(1895) 58 A dirty, = ie “Tittle ly- 

(1861) II, 110 


1851 Mayuew Lond. L, 
are eae: wn-! hops, and paw! 
*Dol 4 system .. The — is derived 


sb.1), 
c Society 30 Dec. 9/2 Dollydom is a vast study. 


“| Dolly, (dg'li), sb.2 Anglo-Indian. [ad. Hindi 
dali, 


usually on one or more trays; also, the daily 


| basket of garden produce laid before the owner by 


| the Afali or gardener’ (Yule). 


1860 Russet. Diary India 11. xi. 202 In the evening the 
Rana’s beg in or offerin 
ice’ 


was broughtin. 1889 MARCHIONESS 
Durrerin regal 


ife in India ii. (1890) 51 A native 


| gentleman sent me what they calla ‘ Dolly ’, which is really 


Do 
| doll; 


a De ful of presents. 
(dgli), a. [f. Dott sd.1 + -y.] Likea 
ollish, babyish. Hence Do'lliness. 

1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. (1853) 276 A dolly sort of beauty 
ong 1865 — Mut. Fr. 1. iv, ‘You are a chit and a 
ittle idiot..or you wouldn't make such a dolly speech’. 
1889 Mrs. ALExanvER Crooked Path |. vi. 193 Her greatest 


charm.. wag her dolliness. 

Dolly (dp'li), v.  déal. and techn. 
sb. ad a. ¢rans. To stir or wash (clothes) in a 
Zolly: tub (see DoLLy sd.' 4a); to beat (linen). 

1847-78 in HaALLiweLt. Lonsdale Gloss., Dolly, to 
wash linen, ete. with the dolly-legs. 

b. Smelting and Chatn-making: To beat (red- 
hot metal) with a hammer, dolly, etc. 

1831 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal 1. 85 These lumps .. are 
drawn from the furnace and dolleyed, or beaten into cakes 
with hammers. 1886 [see Dotty1xG below]. 

e. Gold-mining. Yo crush (auriferous quartz) 
with a dolly (see DoLLy 5d.! 4 c) ; to obtain (gold) 
by this process; also of the quartz: To yield (so 
much gold) by this method. 


1833 Marryat P. 


“A complimentary offering of fruit, flowers, | 
vegetables, sweetmeats and the like, presented | 


[f Dotty | 


| coloured, called dolomite marble; 


| ‘Samkat in Phil. Trans. LXXXIX. 309 The kind 


1894 Dundee Advertiser 5 July 4 The men are now 


‘dollying’ 1000 ounces a day. 1895 Chamd. Frnl. X11. 
668/1 He dollied, or ground, his little bits of rock by means 
of a contrivance bape np a pestle and mortar. 1896 
Daily News 23 = /5 This has the richest stone we have 
got so far, it dollies about 8 grains to the pound. 

Hence Do llied ff/. a., DolUying vb/. sh. (also 
attrth.) ; - Do'llier. 

1882 .V. § Q. 28 Oct. 349/2 The soiled clothes are immersed 
in water in the dolly tub. .then the dolly is plunged into the 
mass [of clothes] and worked by the dollier by both arms. 
1886 Pall Mall G. 27 Aug. 11/1 This ‘ dollying’ process is 
effected by a hammer, which by means of a spring and 
wooden pedal, is made to strike the already roughly joined 
link till the two ends are so welded together that the joining 
is scarcely noticeable. All hand-wrought chain above 
three-eighths of an inch in diameter is known as ‘ dollied’. 

Dolly, obs. Sc. form of Dowlx a. 

Dolly Varden. [from the name of a character 


in Dickens’s Barnaby Rudge.) a. A print dress 


| with a large flower pattern, worn with the skirt 


gathered up in loops. b. A large hat, worn by 
women, with one side bent downwards, and 
abundantly trimmed with flowers. ¢. A Cali- 
fornian species of trout or char. 

1872 A. Donson Dial. from Plato iv. (St. Paul's Mag. 
Dec.), Blue eyes look doubly blue Beneath a Dolly Varden. 

1877 R. L. Price Tivo Americas 214 Large baskets of 
trout, among whom were red ‘Dolly Vardens’. lbid. 215, 
Convinced that the ‘ Dolly Varden’ is a genuine trout. 1881 
Mrs. Lynn Linton My Love I. 227 One ae get one’s 
self up to look awfully killing in a Dolly Vard 

Dolman (dgimin). Forms 6 fice 6-8 
dolyman, doliman, 9 dolman. [orig. a. Turkish 

Les > doliman or x0 gb dolémah, whence Pol., 
Boh. doloman, Magyar dolmany, ¥. doliman, (in 
sense 2) dolman, Ger. doliman, dollman, The 
disyllabic form appears to be through Fr.] 

1. A long robe open in front, with narrow sleeves, 
— 4 the Turks. 

Wasutincrton tr. Wicholay's Voy, m1. x. 86 They 

-—a clothed with a Lf owne, which they do call Delyuas. 
girded with a 1 rdle of silke. 1599 Bangs E Voy. 11. 
1, 113 Y° om ‘a..clothed with a robe of Dollymant 
crimson. 1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xx.g1 Over this 
comes on the Shirt, and over that the Doliman. oe 
Romer Khone, Darro, etc. 11. 314 His haik floated 

on his shoulders like a dolman. 

2. The uniform jacket of a hussar, worn like a 

cape with the sleeves hanging loose. 

7h83 Standard 7 Mat. 5 ioe ) His Royal Hi, os has 
presented the whole of the Bliicher Hussars wit! em 
which had hitherto only been worn by the Royal ai 
Guard 4 opments of Hussars, 

3. A kind of mantle with cape-like appendages 
instead of sleeves, worn by women, 

1872 Punch 26 Oct. 171/2 The ‘dolman’ is a isons jacket, 
with nua s te Our aes a i Sr ry . e left 
loose at ure. uIpa Winter sath tt erhaps 
it lurked in the black sable fur of her d x 

Hence Dolmane‘tte, a small es om dolman. 

1883 Glas, Weekly Her. 21 8/4 French Pattern 
pe New D | ttes, ‘jue: etc. 


II. 110 A poor person driven to the 


DOLOROUS. 


Dolmen (dg‘lmen). [a. mod. F. dolmen (dol. 
min Latour d’Auvergne, 1796, dolmine Le Grand 
d’Aussy 1798, dolmen, Mémoires de I Académie 
Celtique 1807). 


for. Borlase, Antig. C 


54, 
cromléh, but gave tolmén, lit. ‘ pat ra ae 
Cornish name for those enormous 


—— nyse | 


for 
and Scilly nat naturally poised upon _—_ is ints, so 
as to leave a ‘hole’ or aperture vo apport 
a man or beast may pass. ‘There is reason to think that this 
is the word inexactly reproduced by Latour d’Aw' 
dol, and misapplied by him and succeeding 
archzeo! to the cromlech.) 

The French name, used by some English aL, 
for a CROMLECH, a prehistoric structure, consisting 
of a large flattish stone supported upon two or more 
smaller upright stones. 

1859 JerHson Brittany en 108 The dolmen appeared to 
me to consist of a chamber formed by gigantic unhewn 
granite blocks placed upon smaller ones. 1865 Luppock 
Preh. Times v. (1869) 104 All over Europe .. we find relics 
of prehistoric ae . dolmens or stone chambers. 1871 
Tytor Prim. Cult. Megalithic structures, menhirs, 
cromlechs, dolmens. 1 5, erreries Gr. Ferne F. 150 He 
crawled right under the table-stone of the dolmen. mn 

Hence Dolme‘nie a. (once-wd.), of or belonging 
to dolmens, or to the race who constructed them. 

1882 tr. NV. Foly’s Man bef. Metals, vi. 158 The ethnological 
character. .of the 

Dolomite (dy PPmait). Min. [In F. dolomie, 
dolomite, named 1794 after M. Doloméeu, a French 
ie and mineralogist: see -1TE.] A native 

ouble carbonate of lime and magnesia, occurring 
crystalline, and in granular masses, white or 
a rock con- 


spain, essentially of this mineral. 

794 Kirwan Min. 1. 111 Common Dolomite, in 
marble which had been called Dol i 
who first remarked its peculiarity in dissolving slowly. 1862 
Chambers’ Encyct. s.v. Dolomite, The new Houses of Par- 
liament are built of dolomite. 1876 Pace Adv. Text 
Geol. v. 102 Dolomite is a granular or crystalline variety 
magnesian limestone. 

ey) aed ben Dolomites=the dolomite mountains 


, from M. Dol 


or peaks ; ¢. those of Southern Tyrol. 
1870 (itty 2 ‘igzagging Pye. st Dolomites. 1873 A. B. 
Epwarps A the Dol 


Cc. autrib. aoa rere ge as pare country, moun- 


| tain, peak ; dolomite-like adj. 


1846 L. S. Costetto Tour Venice 389 The horns of the 
dolomite mountains. 1864 Sat. Rev. Ja ly 38) /2 The strong- 
hold of the Dolomite country. Rev, 35 Cele- 
brated for their Dolomite > ‘Dana Min. § 742 
A fine-grained dolomite-like rock. 

Hence Do‘lomitize v. (also Do‘lomize), 
vert into dolomite; Dolomitiza‘tion ( 
—) conversion into dolomite. 

aa Les. in Life (1881) I. ay Tmo mind about 
Von Buch’s theory of dolomisation, ae _ os ii. 
(1850) 153 An The hes of dolomization. 


i 065 A Cc. Phys. G Gos 878) ‘a modern 
amsay Phys. Geog. x. (1 14 
+ Sioa Yeon Nature 10 


to con- 
Dolo- 


atolls are known to 


e had been dolemitized. 
“Dolomitio 


(dplomirtik), a. [f. prec. + -1¢.] 
Of the nature of, formed of, or a dolomite. 


1832 De La Bec Geol, Man. ted 2) 329 itic rocks 
are also found among them, 1879 Rutiey S¢ ly Rocks 
xiv. 286 No sharp line of demarcation can... be drawn between 


the dolomitic limestone and the true dolomites. 

Dolor, obs. f. DoLLaR; var. of DoLour. 

s Dolori‘ferous, 2. Obs. [£. L. type *dolorifer, 
dolor-em Dotour + -fer bearing : see -PEROUS.] 


Causing zn =next. 
1599 A. Gabethouer’s Bk. Physiche 73/1 A 

= ne in a ines ot tooth, ey apo Mood x 
rape 74 a doloriferous in the joints. 
Do: ee fik), a. Now rare. [ad. 


olor-em pain ; pa -Fic.) 


GaLe tries which ae conti HettShon a ee a ee 
as dolorifick or a, iba8 lack Mag. XXIV. 192 
Alas ! for H 4 Rm pale, 

So + Dolori-fical a 4 "Obs. rare~°, 


a. 
OF. doleros, -eus, doulour-, dulur-, pargrrcer 
c. in Hatz.-Darm.) mod. F. douloureux :—late L. 
dolorés-us painful, full of sorrow, f. dolor Dowour. 
1. ping pain attended by, ee affected with physi 
ul ; 3 eae 


¢ Chotaned leieth a plastre dolorous 
vee Re Sl a si egre. 1578 Banister /ist. Mant. 


No Medicin may preuayle..till the same 
be. -- lucked up ty the rootes x6a0 Venwen Vie Rec 


be bred by 
setae Keon Ce weGeH. Il. 
Bi aes Wek ct rin Reval Lo 
dolorous sensations and 


po ag 
Dis (188 
Zs, 11. ii. (1885 od 
which 


DOLOROUSLY. 


2. Causing or giving rise to grief or sorrow; 
grievous, distressful ; doleful, dismal. 

¢1450 Merlin 116 The archbishop gaf this scentence full 
dolerouse. 1548 Hatt Chyon., Hen. VI (an. 6) 105, Al- 
though the death of therle wer dolorous to all Englishmen. 
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. 11, (1851) 140 When God commands 
to take the trumpet and blow a dolorous or a jarring blast. 
axjtr KEN Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 492 Faint he sank 
amidst the dol’rous way. 3877 -Biacx Green Past, xxix. 
(1878) 234 We had a dolorous day of rain. 

3. Of persons, their feelings, state, etc.: Full of 
or expressing sorrow ; sorrowful, sad, distressed. 

1513 DouGias neis xu. ii. 149 Syne confortis he his 
feris dolorous. ar Lp. Berners /H/xox lii. 174, I am 
ryght dolorous for the newes that I brynge you. 1667 
Mitton P. LZ. vi. 658 Thir armor..wrought them pain Im- 
placable, and many a dolorous groan. 1854 THACKERAY 
Newcomes 1, 40 [His] countenance assumed an appearance 
of the most dolorous sympathy. 1871 R. Exiis Catudlus 
ii. ro Might I..my dolorous heart awhile deliver. 

Hence Doloro:sity, dolorousness. 

1835 7ait’s Mag. 11. 784, 1 really do not wonder at your 
dolorosity. 

* Do'lorously, adv. [-ty2.] In a dolorous 
manner ; painfully, sorrowfully, dolefully. 

c1450 Merlin 544, V of tho pantoners hym toke and ledde 
hym forth betinge hym dolerousely. @1533 Lp. Berners 

won clxiii. 637 The thyrd & fourth he made doulourously 
to dye. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7+rav. (ed. 2) 176 Hearing 
young Soffees voyce, dolorously crying out for Fatima. 
I .C, Crayton Crued Fort. 111, 74 ‘ It will not be posted 
now before morning’, she said, dolorously. 

Do'lorousness. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The 
state or quality of being dolorous ; sorrowfulness, 
sadness, dolefulness. 

1 Brenve Q. Curtius 41 (R.) For the dolorousness of 
the old woman. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemp. i. Ad § 15. 
95 A designe to heighten the dolourousnesse of his person. 
1880 A thenvum <% Feb, 272/1 Though melancholy is, no 
doubt, a genuine poetic mood, mere dolorousness is not 
fit for poetical treatment. 

Dolose (doléus), a. Law. [ad. L. dolis-us, 
f, dolus craft, deceit : see DoE sb.3] Characterized 
by criminal intention ; intentionally deceitful. 

1832 AustIN ¥urispr. (1879) II. 1103 An act of forbearance 
or omission which is merely culpose (or not dolose) is not a 
crime or public delict. 186 Lp. CraANwortu in Guardian 
a July 726 Without accusing his..learned friend of being 

lolose, he did accuse him of having misled their lordships. 


+ Dolo'sity. Obs. rare. [a. OF. dolosité :— late 
L. dolvsitat-em deceit, f. doldsus: see prec.] 
‘Deceitfulness, hidden malice’ (Bailey). 

igor Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11. 111 Al maner of dolosité to 
zou is enditid. 1730-36 in Battey (folio). 

Dolour, dolor (déu-laz, dp'la1), Forms: 4-6 
doloure (-owre), (6 dolar, dollor, -our), 4- 
dolour, 6- dolor. [a. OF. dolor, -our (11th c.), 
mod.F. douwleur, = It. dolore, Pr., Sp. dolor :-L. 
dolor-em pain, grief, anger, f. dol-2re to suffer pain 
or grief. Now unusual in spoken use; hence 
pronunciation varies; the historical pronunciation 
was as in colour (F. couleur), which is retained in 
East Anglia, and sometimes represented by spelling 
dullor.) 

+1. Physical suffering, pain; also (with J/.), a 
pain, a painful affection, a disease. Ods. 

2c 1370 Robt. K. Cicyle 59 Olyverne dyed in grete dolowre, 
For he was slayne in a harde schowre. 1400 Lanfranc’s 
Cirurg. 227 In be chapitre of dolour of ioynctis. 1596 Dat- 
RyMPLE tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1. 24 To kure and to remeid 
diuers dolouris of the skin. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate 
Wks. (1653) 33 It easeth the dolour of the caustick medicine, 
1683 Satmon Doron Med. 1. 311 Rheumatisms and other 
dolors of the nerves. 1710 T. FuLLER Pharm. Extemp. 243 
Ina epperc Fit. .there’s great..Dolour in the Kidneys. 
1715-20 Pore //iad xvi. 649 He drew the dolours from the 
wounded part, — x . 

2. Mental pain or suffering; sorrow, grief, distress. 

13... K. Alis. 5699 The Kyng therfore was in doloure. 
¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 183 Mekill dolour it did hym in 
hys mynd. 1544 Litany in Priv. Prayers (1851) 575 Piti- 
fully behold the dolour of our heart. 16r0 Suaxs. Ze. u1. 
i. 18 Dolour comes to him indeed. 1684 Contempl. State 
Man u. vii. (1699) 211 Of joy there must no mention be 

"made in that place of dolour. 1815 Scorr Guy JZ. xv, To 
leave her in distress and dolour! 188r Jerreries Wood 
Magic 11. ii, 66 Thus, in dolour and despair the darkness 
increased. 

b. p/. Griefs, sorrows. Now rare. 

16x1 Suaks, Cymb. v. iv. 80 The Graces of his Merits due, 
being all to dolors turn’d. 1666 Bunyan Grace Ad. § 163 
Every Groan of that man..in his dolours. 1854 Mrs. 
Ouipnant Magd. Hepburn I1. 28 Look you, dame !..I have 
borne with your dolours for many a day. ‘ 

e. R. C. Ch. Dolours of the Virgin. 

1885 Catholic Dict. s.v., The seven founders of the Servite 
order, in the thirteenth century, devoted themselves to 
special meditation on the Dolours of Mary, and from them 
> yenilneemerses of the Seven Sorrows (i.e. at the prophecy 
of Simeon, in the flight to Egypt, at the three days’ loss, at 
the carrying of the cross, at the crucifixion, at the descent 
of the cross, at the entombment) is said to have come. 
(Hence the appellation Our Lady of Dolours or Sorrows.) 

+d. A cause or occasion of sorrow ; a grievous 


or sad thing. Obs. rare. 

€1330 Amis § Amil, 12 To here of the childeryn twoo, 
How thei were in wele and woo..is grete doloure. 

+ 3. The outward expression of grief; lamentation, 
mourning. 70 make dolour, to lament, mourn. Obs. 

€1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 1270 Therefore he made gret 


591 


c1s00 Melusine \vii. 338 The doleur & lament- 
able heuynes that men dide. @1533 Lp, Berners xox 
Ixxxi. 246 Huon. .was sorowfull to aohis wyfe make so grete 
doloure. 1634 Str ‘T. Hersert /vav. 107 ‘Though they saw 
me, they continued their dolours till the end, 

+4, Anger, indignation, resentment. [As in L.] 

1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcell, xxiv. iv. 250 Our fighting 
souldiers were so enkindled with anger and dolour [do/orv}. 
1 Butwer Chirod, 92 Anger, dolour, and indignation. 

olp, obs. Sc. var. of Dour. 

Dolphin (dglfin). Forms: 4-5 delfyn(e, 6-7 
delphin ; 5-6 dalphyn(e, 7 daulphin ; 4-6 dol- 
phyn, 5 dolfyn(e, dolphyne, 6 doulphyn, 6-7 
dolphine, 6- dolphin. See also Daupuin. [In 
the form de/fyn, delphin, app. directly from L. 
delphin-us (med.L. also delfinus, It. delfino, Sp. 
delfin) ; with the form dalphyne, cf. Pr. dalfin, OF. 
daulphin; of the latter do/fix appears to be a 
phonetic variant with o from az: Littré has an 
example of doffin in 15th c. French.] 

1. A species of cetaceous mammal (Del/phinus 
Delphis), having a longer and more slender snout 
than the porpoise, with which it is frequently 
confounded, so that the two names become inter- 
changed ; sometimes applied also to the grampus. 

13.. A. Adis. 6576 Heo noriceth delfyns, and cokadrill. 
1387 Trevis Higden (Rolls) 11. 13 Pere beeb ofte i-take 
dolphyns, and see calues, and baleynes. c1440 /’70m/. 
Parv. 126/1 Dolfyne, fysche, dedphinus. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 
Doulphyna fysshe, doulphin. 1576 Freminc Panof/. Epist. 
353 The Dalphine feedeth her young with milke. 1601 
Suaxs, Twel. N.1. ii. 15 Like Orion on the Dolphines backe. 
1646 J. Hatt Poems 1. 41 Had but the curteous Delphins 
heard. 1653 Hotcrort Procopius, Gothick Wars ut. 102 
A great number of Daulphins coming upon the mouth of the 
Euxine Sea. 1 Pennant Zool. IL]. 50 It does not appear 
that the dolphin shews a greater attachment to mankind than 
the-rest of the cetaceous kind. 1885 Eucycl. Brit. XIX. 
521/2 The head [of the porpoise] is rounded in front, and 
differs from that of the true dolphins in not having the snout 
produced into a distinct ‘ beak’. 

2. Popularly applied to the dorado (Coryphena 
Aippuris), a fish celebrated for its beautiful colours, 
which, when it is taken out of the water, or is 
dying, undergo rapid changes of hue. 

1578-1628 F. Fretcuer Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 32 
(Yule, s.v. Dovado) The..great mackrel (whom the Aurata 
or Dolphin also pursueth). 1627 Capt. SmitH Seaman's 
Gram, viii. 36 Fish hookes, for .. Dolphins, or Dorados, 
1633 G. Herbert 7emple, Giddinesse vy. 1756 P. Browne 
Famaica 443 The Dolphin. This is one of the most beauti- 
ful fishes of those seas. 1818 Byron Ch. //ar, iv. xxix, 
Parting day Dies like the dolphin, whom each pang imbues 
With a new colour.. The last still loveliest. 1844 Mrs. 
Brownine Vis. Poets xcvi. Poems 1850 I. 215 Faint and dim 
His spirits seemed to sink in him, Then, like a dolphin, 
change and swim The current. 

3. Astron. A northern constellation, Delphinus. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xiv, In whiche the Egle and 
also the Dolphyne Haue theyr arysynge by reuolucion. 1551 
RecorpveE Cast. Knowd. 264 A lyttle from it is the Dolphine, 
whiche hath in it ro starres. 1607 Torsett Kour.f, Beasts 
(1658) 57 About the time of the Daulphins appearance. 1868 
Lockyer Guillemin'’s Heavens (ed. 3) 358 Two double stars, 
one of the Lion, the other of the Dolphin. 

4. A figure of a dolphin (generally represented 
as curved) in painting, sculpture, heraldry, etc. 

In early Christian art used as an emblem of love, diligence, 
or swiftness. 

2ax400 Morte Arth. 2054 A derfe schelde .. With a 
dragone engowschede..Devorande a dolphyne. a 1440 Sir 
Degrev. 1038 He beres a dolfyn of gold. 1756-7 tr. 
Keysler's Trav. (1760) 11.20 The fish or dolphin at the side 
of the statue, on which some boys seem to be riding. 1851 
Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. App. 387 A dolphin may be 
used as asymbol of the sea. 1895 Chamdb. rnd. Aug. 449/1 
Some Aldine edition, with..the sign of the well-known 
anchor and dolphin. 

+ 5. (In full, dalphyn or dolphin crown.) A French 
gold coin, formerly current in Scotland. Odés. 

Prob. the Fr. écu du Dauphiné, weighing about 54 Eng- 
lish grains, struck by Louis XI for the Dauphiné. 

1451 Sc. Acts Fas. 11 (3597) § 33 The Crown of France 
hauand a crowned Flowre-deluce on ilk side of the Schield, 
..and the Dolphin Crowne, ilk ane of them hauand course 
for sex shillinges aucht pennies. 1455 /é47d. (1597) § 59 The 
a the Rydar, the Crowne, the Dolphin, to elleven 
shillings, 

6. Applied to various contrivances resembling or 
fancifully likened to a dolphin. 

a. In early artillery, each of two handles cast solid on a 
cannon nearly over the trunnions, commonly made in the 
conventional form of a dolphin. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Ordnance, Maniglions 
or Dolphins .. are the Handles placed on the back of the 
Piece near the Trunnions, and near the Centre of Gravity, 
to mount and dismount it the more easily. 1869 BouTELL 
Arms & Arm. xi. (1874) 240 Thus the handles, azses (when 
in use in England called dolphins), are not infrequently 
made in the form of the body of some living creature; for 
example, in Fig. 50 they appear in the form of two dolphins. 

b. Nat. (a) A spar or block of wood with a ring bolt at 
each end for vessels to ride by; a mooring-buoy. (4) A 
mooring-post or bollard placed at the entrance of a dock or 
along a quay, wharf or beach, to e hawsers fast to. (c) 
A wreath of plaited cordage fastened about a mast or yard, 
to prevent the latter from falling in case of the ropes or 
chains which support it being shot away in action. — 

1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts & Sc., Dolphins of the Mast. 
1833 Marrvat P, Simple vi, What with dead-eyes, and 
shrouds, cats and catblocks, dolphins, and dolphin-strikers, 
I was so puzzled .. that [etc.], 1840 Avid, Hull Docks 


dolour. 


| 
| 
| 
| 


DOLT. 


Comm, 90 Q. What is a dolphin? A. There is a post in the 
middle, and it is inclosed round by other posts, and this 
post in the middle is the post to make the rope fast to, and 
the others support it; it is for the vessels to warp into the 
river Hull. 1844 Hud? Dock Act 91 Substantial hawsers .. 
fixed to the dolphins. 1847 Craic, Dolphin of the mast. 
1867 Smytu Satlor’s Word-bk., Bollard. also a lighter sort 
of dolphin for attaching vessels to, /éid., Puddening. a 
thick wreath of yarns, matting, or oakum (called a dolphin), 
tapering from the middle towards the ends, 

G. Gr. Antig. A heavy mass of lead, etc. suspended from 
a yard at the bows of a war-vessel, to be dropt into an 
enemy’s ship when at close quarters. 

1774 GoLpsM. Grecian //ist.1.279 The enemy. .were stopped 
by the yards of those ships to which were fixed dolphins of 
lead. 1820 ‘T. MitcHELt Aristoph. Knights I, 227 Let your 
dolphins rise high, while the enemy’s nearing. 1836-48 B. 
D. Watsu A ristoph. Knights u. iti, Quick haul up your pon- 
derous dolphins, 1849 Grote Greece 11. |x. (1862) V. 262. 

d. ‘A technical term applied to the pipe and cover at a 
source for the supply of water’ (Weale Dict. Terms Arch. 
1849-50). . 

e. Angling. A kind of hook. 

1854 BapuaM /adieut, 18. 

7. A black species of aphis or plant-louse (4ph7s 
Jabe), very destructive to bean-plants ; also called 
collier and dolphin-fly. Also a black coleopterous 
insect infesting turnips (quot. 1771 

1731 Battery (ed. 5), Dolphins (with Gardiners) small black 
Insects that infest Beans, etc. 1771 G. Waite Selborne 
xxxiv. go The country people here call it the ‘Turnip Fly 
and Black Dolphin; but I know it to be one of the coleoptera ; 
the Chrysomela oleracea. 1846 Hannam in Yrnd. R. Agric. 
Soc. I. 11. 590 The season of 1846 has been memorable for 
the dolphin among the pea-crop. 1883 Sutton Cult. Veget. 
§ /2. (1892) 382 The Bean Aphis. .the Bean Plant Louse, or 
Black Dolphin. 

+8. =Davupuin 1 8., q.v. (Obs.). 

9. attr?b. and Comb. as dolphin-colour, -family, 
fish, -hue, -shoal; dolphin-borne, -headed, -like 
adjs.; dolphin-fat, a fat obtained from species of 
Delphinus (DEUPHIN sb, 2); dolphin-flower, the 
Larkspur (Delphindum); dolphin-fly = sense 7 ; 
dolphin-oil =«folphin-fat (Watts Dict. Chem. II. 
309) ; dolphin-striker (Aazt.), a short gaff spar 
fixed perpendicularly under the cap of the bowsprit 
for guying down the jib-boom; also called mav- 
tingale (which name is also given to the ropes 
connecting it with the jib-boom). 

1842 Mrs. Browninc Grk. Chr. Poets (1863) 1 Pang by 
pang, each with a *dolphin colour. 1513 DoucLas A ne7s 
v. x. 88 Als swift as *dalfin fische, swymand away, 1671 
H. M. tr. Collog. Erasm, 510 Vhe Dolphin fish. .1s a lover 
of man. 1846 Worcester, * Dolphin-/7y, an insect of the aphis 
tribe, destructive to beans. 1846 GREENER Sc. Gunnery 15 
‘The fancy cock and hammers have given place to a *dolphin- 
headed hammer. 1878 BrowninG La Saisiaz 75 Melodious 
moaned the other ‘Dying day with *dolphin-hues.’ 1606 
Suaks. Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 89 His delights Were *Dolphin- 
like, they shew’d his backe aboue The Element they liu’d 
in. 1887 Bowen Virg, Atneid v. 594 Some *dolphin shoal 
. afloat on the watery plain, 1833 * Dolphin-striker [see 6 b]. 
1841 Marryat Poacher xxviii, The. .collision carried away 
our..dolphin-striker. 1867 SmytH Savlor’s Word-bk, s.v. 
Martingale, The spar is usually termed the dolphin-striker, 
from its handy position whence to strike fish. 189% E. 
Caste Conseg. III. 1. xvii. 3 Hot water bubbled .. in an 
ancient copper *‘dolphin’ urn of exquisite outline. 

Dolphinate, -ess, obs. ff. DAUPHINATE, -ESS, 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. vi. i. § 9 The Dolphinate in 
France. i 

+Dolphine't. 0¢s. rare". [f. Dotpnin + 
-ET, dimin. suffix, here exceptionally used as a 
feminine.] A female dolphin. 

1595 SPENSER Col. Clout 866 The Lyon chose his mate, 
the Turtle Dove Her deare, the Dolphin his owne Dolphinet. 

Dolt (dt), sb. Also 6 dolte, dowlte, 6-7 
doult(e. [Found with its derivatives from middle 
of 16th c.; perh. earlier in dialect use. App. 
related to OE. dol, ME. do/, doll, Dut, and to 
Dorp, stupid, inert of intellect or faculty. For the 
-t, cf. ME. duit in sense of dulled: see Dut v.] 

1. A dull, stupid fellow ; a blockhead, numskull. 

1543 eae in Dottisn]. 155r Ropinson tr. More's 
Utop. (Arb.) 39 Thies wysefooles and verye archedoltes. 
@1553 Upatt Royster D, 1. ii, (Arb.) 42 A very dolt and 
loute. 1604 SHaxs. O¢h. v. ii. 163 Oh Gull, oh dolt, As 
ignorant asdurt. 1688 CLEVELAND A’'ustic Rampant Wks. 
(1687) 417 Not only these Doults, these Sots. 1725 Swirr 
Wood the Ironmonger 32 Wood's adulterate copper, Which 
.. we like dolts Mistook at first for thunderbolts. 1847 
Disraewt Zancredv. i, The prerogative of dolts and dullards. 

2. a. attrzb. or as adj. Doltish, stupid, senseless, 
foolish. b. Comb., as + dolt-head, (a) a dolt, 
blockhead ; (4) a stupid head (quot. 1711). 

1679 DryvEeN 77oil. § Cress. u1. iii, Dolt-heads, asses, And 
beasts of burden. 171x E. Warp Quix. I. 414 As soon as 
each had bolted From out his Straw, and scratch’d his 
Dolthead. 1828 SourHey 7o A. Cunningham Poems II]. 
311 The dolt image is not worth its clay. 1852 R. Knox 
Gt. Artists & Anat. 57 North Germany, the land of 
schnapps, and insolence, and dolt stupidity. Rees 

Hence + Do‘ltage, + Do‘ltry, the condition of a 
dolt; + Do‘ltify v. ¢vans., to make a dolt of. 

1ssg Aytmer Harbor. Faithf. Subj. Giijb, Women.. 
doltefied with the dregges of the Deuils dounge hill. ned 
Mutcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 205 Where I see nobil- 
itie betraid to donghillrie, and learning to doultrie. 1593 
Nasue Four Lett. Confut. Gjb, I have usually seene un- 
circumsied doltage have the porch of his Panims pilfries 
very hugely pestred with praises. 


DOLT. 


cd 

+ Dolt, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. ¢rans. To make a doit of, befool ; to call dolt. 

1553 1. Witson Xhet. 74 b, When wee would abashe a man 
.. wee either doulte hym at the firste, and make hym beleeve 
that he is no wiser then a goose, or [etc.]. 1570 B. Goocr 
Pop. Kingd. u, (1880) 26 Thus are the people dolted still, 
and fooles are made of fooles. 1574 HeLtowes Gueuara's 
Fam, Ep. 302 Certaine men be Peed, and charged with 
a thousand thoughts. 1818 Topp, 7o-do//, to make dull. 
I have heard the word so spoken, but know no instance of 
it in books, 

2. intr. To act like a dolt, to play the fool. 
Hence Do'lting f//. a. 

1573 New Custom 1. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 19 More 
better. . Than in these trifles to have dolted so much. 1593 
Tell-Troth's N. Y. Gift 21 Touching doating or dolting 


lelosy. 

Doltish (do ltif), a. [f. Dorr sb.+-18H.] Of 
the nature of or like a dolt ; foolish, stupid, thick- 
headed, senseless. 

1543 Bate Course Rom. Foxe 62b (T.) Your argument 
is, as you are; unlearned, fantastical and doltish. az 
Upatt Royster D. 1. iii. (Arb.) 63 Rather than to mary wit 
suche a doltishe loute. a 1677 B 
III. 32 Doltish incapacity. 
xxxvi, 131 A doltish stare. i Lucy T. Smitn in //ist. 
Kev. Jan, 34 The man with a doltish son, 

Do'ltishl adv. [f. prec.+-LY2.] Ina dolt- 
ish manner ; stupidly. 

1580 Hottysanp 7yveas, Fr. Tong, Bestenrent & lourde- 
ment, beastly and doltishly. 1586 Ferne Blas. Gentrie u. 
98[ They] do very doltishly distinguisht wo kinds of adoration. 
1682 Bunyan //oly War 186 ‘Thou hast perniciously and 
doultishly taught and maintained that there is no God. 

Doltishness. _ 
sora of being doltish ; stupidity. 

1569 I. Norton Redell, Earl Northumd, in Strype Ann. 
Ref. 1. lv. 597 The vanities, the doltishness, the borrowing 
without caring to pay. 1629 Symmer Sfir. Posie u. i. 33 It 


is extreame doltishnesse to deferre the practise of Wisedome. | 


3813 Suettey in Dowden Life (1887) I. 339 The usual 
doltishness of the regal race. 

+ Dolven, obs. pa. pple. of DeLvE v.: Delved, 
dug, buried. 

a1a2g Ancr. R. 292 Hud pe ide doluene corde. cx 
Will. Palerne 5280 Ac he was ded & doluen. c¢ 1420 Pallad. 
on Husb. 11. 639 In the doluen lond. c1440 Fork Myst. 
xxiv. 189 Both dede and doluen, bis is be fourpe day. 

+ Do'ly, a. Ods. or dial. Also 6 .Sc. duillie, 
8 dooly. [The forms dooly and durllie are clearly, 
and doly probably, from DoLE 54.2; a 16th c. 
dolly appears to be a different word; see Dow1g.] 
Doleful, sorrowful, sad. 

1sor Douctas Fal. Hon. 1. 189 Quhidder is become sa 
sone this duillie hant? 1583 StanyHurst 4xe/s u, (Arb.) 
57 This dolye chaunce gald vs, with blood, with slaghter 
abounding. 1§96 Lopce Marg. Amer. 20 ‘The dolie season 
of the yeare. 1721 Baitey, Doly or Dooly, mourning, sad. 

|| Dom ! (dpm). [In sense 1, a. Pg. dom, a title 
of honour, = Sp. don :—L. domin-us master, ruler, 
chief, owner; see Don 50.1, Dam 56.4, Dan}. In 
sense 2 an abbreviation of L. dominus.] 

1. In Portugal and Brazil, a title of dignity 
prefixed to the Christian name, used by Royalty, 
Cardinals, Bishops, and gentlemen on whom it has 
been conferred by Royal authority. 

1727-5r Cuampers Cycl. s.v., In Portugal, nobody is 
allowed to assume the title of Dom, which is a badge or 
token of nobility, without the King’s leave. 

2. As a shortened form of L. dominus, prefixed 
to the names of R. C. ecclesiastical and monastic 
dignitaries, esp. to Benedictine and Carthusian 
monks, whether priests or in minor orders, 

1716 Daviss A then, Brit. u. 372 The noted French reform'd 
Monk Dom Gerberon, 1727-51 Cuamprrs Cycl., Dom is 
likewise used in France among some orders of religious as 
the Chartreux, Benedictines, etc. We say, the reverend 
father Dom Calmet, Dom Alexis, Dom Balthasar, etc. 1822 
Nares s. v. Dan, The Dom of the Benedictines. gta 
Wicxnam Lee in 7vans. St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. U1. 74 Mr. 
Edmund Bishop, who, with Dom Aidan Gasquet, is editing 
the Consuetudinary of St. Mary's Abbey, York. i 

3. Dom Pedro (U.S.): a game at cards, a varia- 
tion of don (Don 6). 

1887 F, R. Srock ton Borrowed Month, etc. 191 (American) 
Dom Pedro... a social game of cards which we generally 


played. 

1 Dom 2 (ddim). [mod.Ger. dom cathedral, ad. 
L. domus (domus Det): see Dome. OHG, and 
MHG. had ¢wom.] A cathedral church. 

186: Neate Notes Dalmatia ii. 35 A stroll through the 
city showed us..the so-called Dom..a_ building somewhat 
resembling the cathedral at Graz, 1876 Freeman //ist. Sk., 
Venetian March, As \nnsbriick never was a Bishop's see, 
there is no dom. 1888 7¥mes (Weekly Ed.) 22 June 5/1 
The Dom at Berlin, 

So Do‘mchureh [tr. Ger. domhirche] = prec. 

1864 Kincstey Rom. § Teut. 219 The domchurch and its 

* organization grew up.. round the body of a saint or 
martyr. 

Dom, obs. f. Doom, Dump; var. f. Doum. 

-dom, sufix. [OE, -dém = OS. -dém, MDu, 
-doem, Du. -dom, OHG., MHG., -tuom, Ger. -tum.] 
Abstract suffix of state, which has grown out of an 
independent sb., orig. putting, setting, position, 
statute, OHG. wom, position, condition, dignity, 
in OE. dém, statute, judgement, jurisdiction, 
f. stem dé- of Do v, + abstract suffix -moz, OE. -m, 


arrow Serm, Wks. 1716 | 
185t H. Mecvitte Whale | 


(f. as prec.+-NESS.] The | 


592 


as in hel-m, sea-m, strea-m, etc, 
in OE. as a suffix to sbs. and 
the dignity of a bishop, cyningdém, 


Frequent already 
adjs., as biscopdéim 
; A; 


DOME. 


Royal domains .. were .. made over to ecclesiastics. 
H. Hunter tr, St, Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) rin 2% 
— are, in that Country [Russia], proprietors 


y ’ 
royal or kingly dominion, kingdom, ea/dordém the 
position or jurisdiction of an elder or lord ; Acow- 
dém, the condition of a peow or slave; /réodém, 
hdligdim, wisdém the condition or fact of being 
free, holy, or wise. The number of these deriva- 
tives has increased insdater times, and -dom is now 
a living suffix, freely employed to form nonce- 
derivatives, not only with the sense of ‘ condition, 
state, dignity’, but also with that of ‘domain, 
realm’ (fig.). See in their alphabetical places 
alderdom, Anglo-Saxondom, boredom, Christen- 
dom, cuckoldom, dukedom, earldom, freedom, king- 
dom, martyrdom, popedom, sheriffdom, thraldom, 
wisdom, etc. Examples of nonce-words appear in 
the quotations, 

1885 H. Pearson 2. Browning 8 Pomona. .to express all 
appledom and rdom. 1882 H. C. Merivate Faucit 
of B. 1,1. iv. 58 Entitled him to all the honours of B.A. dom. 
1887 St, Louts Globe Democrat 2 Feb., A real, live Dakota 
man..fresh from Blizzardom. 1880 New Virginians 1. 237 
Meanwhile curdom flourishes. -_ Pall Mall G. 3 Aug. 
2/2 To test .. the good-sailordom of the spectators. /did. 
7 Oct. 2/1 Imagine Manchesterdom Protectionist. 1894 
Times 27 Sept. 7/4 Says Mr, Labouchere, ‘ Liberal official- 
dom has wet-blanketted it.’ /éid 6 June 11/3 The ranks of 
old fogeydom, 1 Henty Dorothy's Double 1, 91 A.. 
specimen of English squiredom. 1889 Pal/ Madd G. 26 Dec. 
1/3 The classic pile which. divides clubland from theatre- 
dom. 1890 Spectator 18 Jan., A pervading atmosphere of 
topsy-turveydom. 

+ Do‘mable, a. Ods. rare. [ad. late L. doma- 
éil-is tamable, f. domdre to tame: cf. OF. doma- 
éle.) Tamable. Hence +t Do-mableness. 


1623 CockEram, Domable, easie to be tamed. 1 D: } 


Pett /mpr. Sea 205 As quiet and peaceable in the world as 
domable, or indomable doves are. /éid. 213 note, It is 
impossible to reduce this feral creature unto that domable- 
ness that young women might play with him. 

Domage, -eable, -eous, obs. ff. Damaag, etc. 

+ Do er. Obs. rare’. [a. OF. pres. inf. 
domager, earlier -zer, to damage, used substantively. ] 
Damage, injury. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) Iv. xxi. 269 The 
maner of restytucyon ought to haue conformyte to the 
maner of the domager. 

Domain (domé'n), sb. Also 5 domayne, 7 
-aine. [a. mod.F. domaine (1611 in Cotgr.), for 
earlier F. dematne, OF. demeine:—L. dominicum, 
in med.L. =‘proprietas, quod ad dominum spectat’, 
subst. use of dominicus of or belonging to a lord, 
of the nature of private property, proper, own. 
See DEMESNE, which is another form of this word. 

OF. domeine, demeine, did not come down from cl. L. 
domininm \ordship, ownership, property, for that could 
have given only an OF. domein, demein; it is supposed 
that cl.L. dominicum passed in Rom. and OF. through the 
stages *domenio, domenié, domeine, demeine: cf. canont- 
cum, *ci io, canonié, c ine, ch ine, But, in the inter- 
mediate stage, the form of the word naturally suggested its 
identity with cl. L. dominium, which consequently appears, 
beside the original dominicum, as the Latin equivalent in 
medizaval documents; the latter have also domanium formed 
onthe vernacular. Theo was in OF. regularly weakened to 
e, demeine, whence late AFr. & Eng. demesne; in domaine 
the ois restored after L.; in French, domaine is now (since 
¢ 1610) used in all senses; but in Eng., demesne has been 
traditionally retained in the legal use, and in senses immedi- 
ately derived from it, though the two forms overlap.) 

+1. =Demesne 1. Also attri. in domain lands. 
Obs. rare. 

¢142§ Wyntoun Cron. v. x. 386 Octaveus. .pai saggy 
has slayne, And held pe kynryk in domayne. 16; 4 
sree roy Kingd. & Commu. 158 The rights of the 

Domaine are these: Rents, Feifs, Payments at alienations. 
/bid. That is Domaine, which belongeth to the Crowne. 1876 
Dicsy Real Prop. i. 24 This portion was called terra 
dominica, terrae dominicales, or domain lands. 

2. Eminent domain: ultimate or supreme lord- 
ship ; the superiority or lordship of the sovereign 
power over all the property in the state, in accord- 
ance with which it is entitled to —— by 
constitutional methods any part required for the 
public advantage, compensation being given to the 
owner. A term chiefly used in International Law, 
and in the Law of the United States of America. 

{1625 Grotius De Yure B, et P. 1. iii. § 6 Dominium 
eminens, quod civitas habet in cives et res civium, ad usum 
publicum,] 1850 Loncr. Ladder St. Augustine vi, lf we 
would gain In the bright fields of fair renown The right of 
eminent domain. 1894 Harvard Law Rev, VIII. 237 
The name Eminent Domain comes from Grotius, and the 
subject is a prominent one with European writers on pathic 
law ; but treatises on it do not exist outside of the United 
States. The topic develops here because it is a branch of 
our system of Constitutional Law. The first treatise was 
by H. E. Mills of St. Louis in 1879. (See also Eminent a 

b. Direct di in, di i use, lation of the 
French law-phrases domaine direct the ownership or right 
of the lord, and domaine utile the right of use on the part 
of a lessee, as used in the law of Lower Canada. 

3. A heritable property ; estate or territory held 
in possession ; lands; dominions ; = DEMESNE 3-5. 

x Hottanp Pliny xun. iii. (R.), These are in the nature 
a domain and inheri and fall to the next heire 
in succession. 1782 Priesriey Corrupt. Chr. 11. x. 258 


_ united with the more historical word DoMANIAL by 


as as vinces. REEMAN 
Norm, Cong. (1876) 1V. xvii. 35 She occupied half a hide of 
royal domain. 


b. transf. A district or region under rule, con- 
trol, or influence, or contained within certain limits; 
realm ; ssid of activity, influence, or dominion. 

1727-46 Tnomson Summer 859 Ocean trembles for his 
green domain. 1823 Lame Z/ia Ser. u. Poor Relation, He 
was lord of his library, and seldom cared for looking out 
beyond his domains. H. Rocers Zss. I. vii. 407 
For even an infinitud infini Ids in infini 


space may be found domain enough. 


¢c. Used by Pinkerton for a subdivision of the 


Mineral ‘kingdom’. 

181r Pinkerton Petra/. 1. 132 The intrites and glutenites 
are classed under the several ins to which they belong. 
Ibid. 1, Introd, iii-iv. 

4. fig. A sphere of thought or action; field, pro- 
vince, scope of a department of knowledge, etc. 

1764 GotpsM. Trav. 97 Carried to excess in each domain, 
This fav’rite good begets peculiar pain. 1799 MAckinTosu 
Study Law Nat. Wks. 1846 I. 381 Contracting. .the domain 
of brutal force and of arbitrary will. 1828 Cartyte Afise. 
(1872) I, Our Poet's gift in raising it into the d of Art. 
1864 Bowen Logic x. 343 An actual enlargement of the 
domain of Science. 1866 ArGyii Reign Law ii. (ed. 4) 53. 


b. Logic. The breadth, extension, circuit, or 
sphere of a notion. 
ec. Math, ‘In the theory of Functions, the 


portion of the s-plane within a circle which just 
does not include a singular point is called the 
domain of its centre’ (H. T. Gerrans). 


x Forsytu 7he. Functions 55 If the whole of the. 


domain of 4 be not included in that of a. 
Hence + Domain v. Ods. intr., to dominate. 
1589 Ive Fortif. 36 It must lye wholy n toward the 
towne, that the towne may commaund, and domaine ouer it. 


Domainal (domé'"nal), a. [f. Domain + a; 


the intermediate domainial.] =DoMANIAL. 

1857 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. & Eng. 11. 551 An antient 
domainal palace. 1862S. Lucas Secudaria 352 ‘The domainal 
jurists of the eighteenth century. : 

Domal (d6"-mal), a. [ad. med.L. domal-is (Du 
Cange), f. domus house: see Dome, etc.] : 

L. Astrol. Of or pertaining to a dome or ‘house’. 

1716 Appison Drummer ui.i, Mars is now entering his 
first house, and will shortly appear in all his domal digni- 
ties. 1819 Jas. Witson Compl. Dict. Astrol., Domal 
dignity, when a planet is in its own 

3. Or or pertaining to houses ; domestic. 

1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 3 Templar and Domal 
Architecture. 1884 Health E-xhib. Catal. 98/1 Principles of 
sanitation—personal, municipal, domal, etc. 

Domanial (domé'nial), a. Also 9 domainial. 
[a. F. domanial (16th c. in Hatz-Darm.), ad. med.L, 
domanialis, f. domanium.] Of, pertaining, or re- 
lating to domain or to a particular domain. 

1818 Hattam Mid. Ages ii. 1. (1855) 1. 208 The domanial 
estates of the crown. /éid. 221 The extent of his domanial 
territory. 1841 W. Spatpine /taly § /t, Zst. 11. 110 Old 
privileges of the domanial towns, or, as we might call them, 
royal ughs. M. Brinces Pop. Mod. Hist. 405 
Re-assuming those rich domainial estates. 1861 Maine 
Anc. Law vii. (1870) 231 That. . ition. .sub d 
the feudal form of property for the domainial (or Roman) 
and the allodial (or German. 

Domas, obs. form of DAMASK. 

Domb(e, obs. ff. Dus, Doom. 

|| Domba (démba). [ad.Cingalese dombe.] A 
large East Indian and Malayan tree, Calophyllum 
Inophyllum, N.O. Clusiacex, the seeds of which 


ield a thick dark- strong-scented oil (domba 
oi), used medicinally and for burning. 
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, 1866 Treas. Bot, 


- Démbée, OE. form of Doompoox. 


Domdaniel (dpmdenitl). [a. F. domdaniel, 
app. £. Gr. b@4a Aawja, or L. domus Danielis, 
hall or house of Daniel. 

A fictitious name, introd din the French ‘ Continuation 
oe on ea, eo 
Caryl “Ie is 1 wot thane whether “Daslal” te intended to 
refer to the Hebrew prophet, or to “a great Grecian 
teat ages ae ee ‘the Queen and 
Serpents rabian . 

A fabled submarine hall where a magician or 
sorcerer met with his disciples : placed by Cazotte 
‘under the sea near Tunis’, by Southey ‘ under the 
roots of the ocean’ {a kd Carlyle in the sense 

f ‘infernal af of iniquity’. 

Osher Scoruse Thalebe xa. xxiv, he Dosulenial sail 
Through all its Gengeeng eee. 1809 Byron Eng. Bards 
213 Next see tremendous Thalaba come on .. Domdaniel’s 
dread sateen ee Cartyte Cromwell wero e Spain 
was as a black laniel. /d7d. 64 A grisly o Phat ss 
kind of Infernal King, Chief E ..in the Domdaniel 
genet of Spanish I Me 
ms Oct. py pees in Zion 

Dome (dé"m), sd. Also 7 dosme, 8 doom, 
In sense 1, app. directly L. dom-us house, 

ome; in other senses, a. F. dome (15-16th c.; 
sometimes dosme, whence mod.F. dime 6 ), ad, It. 


* 


Sa 


DOME. 


duomo house, house of God, ‘chiefe Church or 
Cathedrall Church in a citie’ (Florio), high cupola, 
dome (as a distinguishing feature of Italian 
, cathedrals) :—L. dom-s house. ] 
1. A house, a home ; a stately building, a man- 
sion. Now only as a poetical or dignified appel- 


lation. 
1513 Douctas 4neis xi. Prol. 93 Onto my dome [=in my 
dwelling , I saw 30u neuir ayr. ¢, T. Wuson Rhet. 
1580) 160 Dated at my Dome, or rather Mansion place in 
incolneshire. 1656 Biounr Glossogr., Dome ..a Town- 
House, Guild-Hall, a State-House, Meeting-house in a city, 
from that of Florence, which is so called. 1724 Swirr 
Riddles vii, 51 Sad charnel-house! a dismal dome, For 
which all mortals leave their home. 1770 LANGHORNE 
Plutarch (1879) 1. 74/2 They built temples ..and other 
sacred domes, 1808 Scert Marm. v1. Introd. 121 Gladly as 
. he we seek the dome, And as reluctant turn us home. 


1812 Byron Ch. Har. u. vi, Ambition's airy hall, - 


Te of thought, the palace of the Soul. 1818 SHELLEY 
Rev. [slam u. xliii, Hoary crime would come Behind, and 
fraud rebuild religion’s tottering dome, 

Obs. 


+2. A cathedral church; =Dom 2. 

1691 tr. Lmillianne's Fourn. Naples 71 The Ceremony 
..Celebrated..at the Dome (so they call the Cathedral 
Churches in Italy). 1704 Appison /taly (1766) 46 Pope 
Lucius, who lies buried in the dome. 1707 Lond. Gaz. 

82/3 There was a Jew Christen’d last Sunday in the 
eave of this City [Berlin]. 1753 Hanway 77av. II. 1. iii. 
15 There is also the dome, which is a cathedral church. 

3. A rounded vault forming the roof of a building 
or chief part of it, and having a circular, elliptical, 
or polygonal base; a cupola. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Dome ..a flat round Loover, or 
open roof to a Steeple, Banqueting-house, &c. Somewhat 
resembling the bell of a great Watch. 1660 F. Brooke tr. 
Le Blanc’s Trav. 114 The Kings Palace..was built square, 
with a Dosme. 1712 Lond. Gaz: No. 5058/2 The Dome of 
the Cathedral was illuminated. 1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. 
(1760) II. 311 The roof of the Pantheon is a round doom, 
without pillars or windows. 1812-16 J. Smirn Panorama 
Sc. & Art Il. 66 The whispering gallery in the dome of St. 
Paul’s Cathedral, London. 1879 Sir G. Scotr Lect. Archit. 
II, 229, I defined a dome as the covering of a circular space 
produced by the revolution of an ack round its central 
vertical axis. 

b. The hemispherical roof of an astronomical 
observatory, made to revolve and open so as to direct 
the telescope towards any part of the heavens. 

1865 Chambers’ Encycl. VII. 30/2 Since the year 1852, a 
time-ball has been dropped on the dome of the Observatory 
-.at precisely one o'clock, 

4. transf. The vaulted roof of a cavern or natural 
hollow ; the concave vault of the sky; a vaulted 
canopy ; a canopy of trees, etc. ; a bee-hive. 

1727 Swirt Gulliver 1. iii, Whence the astronomers 
descend into a large dome .. called .. the astronomer's cave. 
1730-46 THOMSON Axtumn 1182 The tender race, By 
thousands, tumble from their honeyed domes. 1790-1811 
Come Devil on 2 Sticks in Eng. (1817) VI. 59 In a.. bed, 
with a dome to it. 1797 Mrs. Rapcurre /tadian ii, The 
whole dome of the sky had an appearance of transparency. 
1830 Tennyson Recoll, Arab. Nts. 41 Imbower'd vaults of 
pillar'd palm. .the dome Of hollow boughs. 1860 TynpaLL 
Glac. 1. ii, 1&8 Some bubbles. .had lifted the coating here and 
there into little rounded domes, 

b. The convex rounded summit of a mountain, 
a wave, etc. In U.S., frequently entering into the 
names of rounded mountain peaks. 

[1788 Sir W. Jones Tartars v. Wks. 1799 I. 52 A 
stupendous edifice, the beams and pillars of itd are many 
ranges of lofty hills, and the dome, one prodigious mountain. ] 
185r Loncr. Goi, Leg. v. At Sea, The billows. .upon their 
flowing dome... poise her, 1856 Srantey Sinai & Pal. x. 
(1858) 366 Tabor with its rounded dome. 1882 Worcester 
Exhib. Catal. iii, 58 Velvets ..‘studded’ with polished 
domes. 1890 M. Townsenp U. S. 138 Carter Dome, New 
Hampshire ; The Dome, State of New York. 


5. Technical senses. 

a. Manuf. The cover of a reverberatory furnace, etc. 

1706 Puitrirs (ed. ties’ Dome..among chymists, a 
kind of arched Cover for a Reverberatory Furnace. 1823 
Specif, Fohnson's Patent No. 4747. 2 The.. uppermost 
vessel. .must have a close dome or cover applied to it. 1854 
Ronatps & RicHarpson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1. 127 The 
dome ought to be made as flat as possible consistent with 
durability, in order to reflect the heat down upon the coal. 

b. Cryst. quot.) 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. Il. 1 Dome, a term used to 
designate a trimetric, monoclinic, or triclinic prism, whose 
faces and edges are parallel to one of the secondary axes. 
1895 Story-Masketyne Crystallogr. § 326 The term dome 
is employed not in contradistinction to the term prism or 
prismatia; but, like the latter term, conventionally and 
merely to distinguish these forms from one another. 

¢e. In Locomotive Engines, the raised conical part of the 
boiler, forming a st hamber, the sé (Weale 
Dict. Terms, 1849-50). In Railway Carriages, the raised 
roof, forming a space for ventilation and light (Knight 
Dict. Mech., 187 

1841 Penny C: 
parts are double. : 

a. Watchmaking. The back part of the inner case of 
a watch to which sometimes the works are attached. 


. 
vs XIX. 259/2 The steam-dome and similar 


1884 F. J. Brrrten Watch § Clockm. 88 Used for attaching’ 


a watch movement to a dome case. 

6. attrib. and Comd., as dome-case, -cover, -face, 
Sorm, -head, -span, -spire, -theatre, -top, -vaulting ; 
donte-like, -shaped adjs. 

1797 College 6 Science trailed her pall Through the dome- 
theatre and spacious hall. 1809 A. Henry 7vav. 128 Its 
{the beaver’s] house has an arched dome-like roof. 1819 
rani A Dome, Dome-vaulting. .is lighter than any 

OL, . 


593 


that can cover the same area. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain 
§ Gl. 60 The dome-shaped roof. 1849-50 WeaLe Dict. 
Terms, Dome Cover, in locomotive engines, the brass or 
copper cover which encloses the dome, to prevent the 
radiation of heat. 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11.147 When 
trimetric crystals are bounded only by prismatic and dome- 
faces. 1895 Story-MASKELYNE Crystallogr. § 328 Dome- 
forms with the general symbol (o%/). 

Hence Do‘meless a., not having a dome. 

or Atheneum 20 Aug. 232/3 In that domeless Dom- 
kirche of Cologne. 

Dome, v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. ¢rans. To cover with or as with a dome. 

1876 Wuitney Sights & Jus. xxv. 248 An enlarged 
chamber, almost .domed in by the deep scooped over- 
leaning wall. 1885 Tennyson Early Spring i, [He] domes 
the red-plow’d hills With loving blue. 1894 Barinc- 
Goutp Deserts S. France II. xix. 88 To the Romans there 
was no necessity for doming over quadrangular spaces. 

‘To make dome-shaped. 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. WV. 299/t And brings down 
upon them a polished globular punch, which domes them 
up. 4 Mrs. H. Warp Marcella I, 293 The roof had 
been raised and domed. 

3. intr. To rise or swell as a dome. 

1887 Argosy Jan. 32 The cathedral towered, or rather 
domed, above the ramparts. 1894 DoyLe S, Holnies 261 
His forehead domes out in a white curve. 

Dome, obs. form of Doom, Dovum. 

Domed (dé"md), a. [f. Dome sd. or v. +-ED.] 

1. Dome-shaped, made dome-like ; vaulted. 

1778 in Lett. 1st Earl Malmesbury (1870) 1. 287 The 
ceiling is domed, and beautifully painted. 1871 Darwin 
Desc. Man U1. xv. 164 They build a domed nest, which is a 
great anomaly in so large a bird. 1872 C. Kine A/ountain. 
Sierra Nev. vii. 137 These domed mountains. 1879 Blackw, 
Mag. Aug. 152 The dark Nubians..have domed foreheads. 

2. Roofed with or possessing a dome or domes. 

1855 Browninc Love among Ruins ii, The domed and 
daring palace. 1863 Geo. Evior Rowola u. vi, He..looked 
down on the domed and towered city. 1879 Sir G. Scorr 
Lect. Archit, 11. 7 ‘The introduction into France of the 
domed architecture by a colony of Greeks, 

Domel, variant of DuMBLE. 

Domelet (do -mlét).  [f. Dome sd. +-LET.] A 
miniature dome. 

1883 R. F. Burton & Cameron Gold Coast for Gold 1. i. 
19 The Estrella, whose dome and domelets, built to mimic 
St. Peter's, look only like hen and chickens. 1892 Atheneum 
2 July 38/2 A very low dome, or domelet. 

oment (dzmént). dal. and vulgar. [f. Do 
v.+-MENT.] A performance, ‘to-do’: see Do 50,1 

1828 Craven Dialect, Dooment, deed, action, contest. 
1831 Lincoln Herald 15 July 4/3 At the great Do, or 
Doment..in honor of the Whig Ministry. 1889 NV. W. 
Linc. Gloss. s.v., Ther'll be a fine doment when yung— 
cums at aage. Thaay kicked up no end on a doment. 

+ Domes-booke. 0és.= DomMEspDAy Book. 

1610 Hotitanp Camden's Brit. 1. 234 In Edward the 
Confessors time (as we read in Domes-booke of England) it 


paied tribute. 
Domesday (davmzdéa, di-mzdé).  [f. démes 


genitive of dém Doom +Day.] A Middle English 
spelling of Doomsnay, day of judgement, now com- 
monly used as a historical term, in the following: 

Domesday Book, colloquially Domesday: the 
name applied, from the 12th c., to the record 
of the Great Inquisition or Survey of the lands of 
England, their extent, value, ownership, and liabi- 
lities, made by order of William the Conqueror in 
1086. Extended to abstracts based upon that 
record, such as the Exon Domesday. 

(The name appears to have been derived directly from 
Domesday the Day of the Last Judgement, and Domesday 
Book the Book by which all men would be judged. It 
originated as a popular appellation (see Déad. de Scacc.), 
given to the Book as being a final and conclusive authority 
on all matters on which it had to be referred to.] 

1178 Dial. de Scaccario 1. xvi, Hic liber ab indigenis 
Domesdei nuncupatur, id est, dies judicii per metaphoram : 
sicut enim districti et terribilis examinis illius novissimi 
sententia nulla tergiversationis arte valet eludi: sic ..sen- 
tentia ejus [libri] infatuari non potest vel impune declinari. 
Ob hoc nos eundem librum judiciarium nominavimus. 1485 
Nottingham Rec. U1. 350 Libro de Domesday. a@ 1491 
J. Ross Hist. Reg. Agi. (1716) 109 Redacta est dicta 
descriptio in unum volumen..Nomen libri est Domesday. 
1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. cxcvii. 202 An olde boke sometyme 
in y® Guyldehall of London named Domys daye. 1570-6 
LamparvDe Peramb. Kent (1826) 104 ‘The booke of the 
generall survey of the Realme, which William the Con- 
querour caused to bee made .. and to be called Domesday, 
bicause (as Mathew Parise saith) it neared no man, but 
iudged all men indifferently, as the Lord in that great 
day will do. 1891 — Archeion (1635) 24 The Record of 
which Survey was then called Doomes-day Book. 1614 
Setpen Zittes Hon. 232 In that which we now call 
Domesday, made and collected under William I. 1656 
BiLount ee Dooms-day-book..wherein all the ancient 
Demean Lands in this Nation are registred; It is so 
called, because upon any difference, the parties received 
their doom, 1701 De For 7rue-dorn Eng. 13 Doomsda 
Book his Tyranny records. 1767 Biacxstone Cowen, II. 
49 The compiling of the great survey called domesday-book. 
1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Truth Wks. (Bohn) II. 52 Down 

‘oes the flying word on the tablets, and is indelible as 
Racunitay Book. 1876 FreEMAN Norm. Cong. V. 476 
Domesday still sets before us a most minute scale of classes. 

b. Transferred to other like documents of 
standard authority, such as the Domesday of St. 
Pauls, the record of a survey of the capitular 


estates in 1181; also fig. and allusively. 


DOMESTIC. 


1742 YounG Mt. Th, 11. 271 All-rapacious Usurers conceal 
Their Doomsday-book from all-consuming heirs. 1749 
Fietptnc Tom Fones 1x. i, The vast authentic doomsday- 
book of nature. 1862-5 StanLey Yew. Ch. xii. 259 Which 
has made the latter half of the Book of Joshua..the 
Domesday Book of the Conquest of Palestine. 1865 NVavy 
Docky. Expense Acc. (Blue Book 1. 465) Previous to the 
year 1858-59 the expense accounts of ships and services 
were transmitted annually from the Dockyards to the 
Surveyor of the Navy..for recording in the ‘ Abstracts of 
Progress’ or ‘Doomsday Book’ the expenditure incurred 
on account of each ship. 1869 FREEMAN ori. Cong. (1875) 
III. 300 A Domesday of the conquerors was..drawn up in 
the ducal hall at Lillebonne, a forerunner of the great 
Domesday of the conquered. 

Domestic (dome'stik), @. and sb. Also 6-7 
-ique, ick(e. [ad. L. domestic-us, f. domus house: 
see Dome. In early form and use, immediately 
through F. domestiqgue (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

A. adj. 

+1. Having the character or position of the in- 
mate of a house; housed. 70 de domestic with 
(of ): to be of the household of, at home with. Oés. 

1521 Bradshaw's St. Werburge 2nd Ballad to Author 21 
(1887) 201 Preserue his soule, and make hym domestique 
Within the heuyns. 1632 Litucow 7'vav. 1. 67, I being 
domestick with him the selfe same time. /é/d. vint. 358 
(He] had turned Turke .. With whom I found Domesticke, 
some fifteene circumsised English Runagates. 168 Cotvu. 
Whigs Supplic, (1695) 27 Mercury. .hath no dwelling of his 
own, But is Domestic of the Sun. 

+b. Intimate, familiar, ‘at home’. Odés. 

a1612 Donne Biadavartos (1644) 42 The knowledge therof 
is so domestique, so neare, so inward to us, that our con- 
science cannot slumber in it, nor dissemble it. 1647 
CriareENDON //7st. Ned. 1. § 83 He .. was .. domestick with 
all, and not suspected by either of the .. factions. 1948 
Cuesterr. Lett. (1792) II. clxiv. 100 Domestic in the 
best company and the best families. 1750 /éi¢. (1774) III. 
152 An English minister shall have resided seven years at a 
court.. without being intimate or domestic in any one house. 

2. Of or belonging to the home, house, or house- 
hold; pertaining to one’s place of residence or 
family affairs; household, home, ‘ family ’. 

1611 SHAKS, Cyd. 1. i. 65 Caesar, that hath moe Kings 
his Seruants, then Thy selfe Domesticke Officers. 1632 
Litucow 7vav. 1v. 363 Domesticke pastimes, as Chesse, 
Cards, Dice, and Tables. 1664 Power Exp. PAilos. 1. 11 
Of Domestick Spiders there are two sorts. 1681 ‘TEMPLE 
Memoirs 11. Wks. 1731 1. 345, 1 was resolv’d to pass the 
rest of my Life in my own Domestick, without troubling 
my self further about any publick Affairs. 1764 Gotpsm. 
Trav. 434 Domestic joy. 1830 D’Israett Chas. /, IL. vi. 
110 Charles .. loved the privacy of domestic life. 1840 
Dickens Barn, Rudge vii, Her single domestic servant, 

+b. fig. Belonging to what concerns oneself. 

1707 Norris 7veat. Humility vii. 315 Domestic ignorance, 
the ignorance of our selves, and of what passes within our 
own breast. 

3. Of or pertaining to one’s own country or 
nation; not foreign, internal, inland, ‘home’. 

1545 Jove Exp. Dan, vii. (R.), Lo here maye ye see this 
beast to be no stranger. .he sitteth in the temple of God, he 
is therefore a domestyc enimye.- 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 
16, I hef vsit domestic scottis langage, maist intelligibil for 
the vigare pepil. 1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low-C. Warres 
859 ‘That the contentions growing among Priests should be 
decided by Domestique Judges, and not at Rome. 1719 
W. Woop Surv. Trade 7 A great Part of our Domestick 
‘Trade depends upon our Foreign Commerce. 1849 MAcAuLay 
Hist, Eng. YW. 265 The whole domestic and foreign policy 
of the English government. 

b. Indigenous ; made at home or in the country 
itself; native, home-grown, home-made. 

1660 SHarrock Vegetadles 42 [It] makes the like impression 
upon its domestique plants. 1713 BerKELEY Gvardian 
No. 49 P 8 They [glasses] are domestic, and cheaper than 
foreign toys. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 77: Domestic 
woollens and flannels. 

4. Of animals: Living under the care of man, in 


or near his habitations ; tame, not wild. 

1620 VENNER Via Recta iii. 65 Domesticke or tame Ducks. 
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 181 No small delight 
. to See so timorous a creature growne so domesticke. 1856 
Mrs. Browninc Aur, Leigh 1. 635 Tamed and grown 
domestic like a barn-door fowl. 1859 Darwin Orig. Sec. i. 
(1873) 14 The origin of. most of our domestic animals will 
probably for ever remain vague. 

+b. Of men: Having settled abodes; not 


nomad orwild. Ods. 

1632 Lirucow 7rav. vi. 291 Moores, Jews, domesticke 
Arabians. ' 

5. Attached to home; devoted to home life or 


duties ; domesticated. 

1658 Davenant Play-House to be Let w. Dram. Wks. 
1873 IV. 85 Kings, who move Within a lowly sphere of 
private love, Are too domestic fora throne. 1751 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 153 ® 5 To me, whom he found studious and 
domestick. 1837 J. H. Newman Par, Serm. (ed. 2) II. xx. 
329 It is praiseworthy and right to be domestic. 

B. sd. 

+1. A member of a household; one who dwells 
in the same house with another; an inmate; a 
member of the family (including children and rela- 
tives). (Zt. and jig.) Ods. 

1539 Tonstatt Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 56 Nowe ye be 
not guestes and strangers, but ye be citisens and domestikes 
of almyghty god. 1656 Finetr For, Ambass. 62 From that 
time he had his accesses..to his Majesties presence as 
a Domestique without Ceremony. a@1716 Soutn Serm, II. 
xliii. (R.), A servant dwells..as a kind of foreigner under 
the same roof; a domestick, and yet a stranger oe 1737 


DOMESTICABLE, 
Whiston Yosephus’ Antig. xvi. vii. § 4 Often did he lament 
he wicked of his d ti 3 


t 

2. A household servant or attendant. 

2613 Suaxs. Hen, VI//, u1. iv. 114 Where Powres are your 
Retainers, and your words (Domestickes to you) serue your 
will, Lisander & Cal. vi. 103 Besides the domestics 
he sent for some of his tenants. 1711 Appison Sfect. 
No. 106 P 2 His Domesticks are all in Years, and grown 
old with their Master. 1845 Sternen Comm. Laws Eng. 
(1874) II. 228 At a month's notice like a common domestic. 
1848 Maurice Lord's Prayer (1861) 66 The relationship 
between the master of a household and his di ic 

+b. A domestic animal. Ods. rare. 

1719 De For Crusoe 1. viii, My Pol .. began now to bea 
mere domestic, 1742 J. Hitprop Aisc. Wks. (1754) L. 215 
Continue, therefore, your wonted Care .. for your innocent 
Domestics. did. 160. ‘ 

+8. An inhabitant of the same country; a native, 


fellow-countryman. Obs. 

1612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl., N. T. u. vi. Good Centurion, 
If he were a foreigner for birth, yet he was a domestic in heart. 
1675 Phil. Trans. X. 254 Supplies. .afforded me both by our 
eminent Domesticks within his Majesties Dominions: and 
also by Forrainers. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 313 Notable 
service against the Domesticks. 

+b. An indigenous plant. Obds. 
1672 Grew Anat. Plants, Idea Philos. Hist. § 8 All 


Exoticks..may aac be reduced to some such Do- | 


mesticks, unto which they may bear the best Resemblance. 

4. pl. Articles of home produce or manufacture ; 
esp., in U.S., home-made cotton cloths, bleached or 
unbleached, for common use. 

1622 Matynes Anc, Law-Merch. 2 When mankind was 
propagated into an infinite number, and the domestiques 
or neere hand commodities were not sufficient for their 
sustenance in some countries, and in other countries were 


ouer aboundant. 1846 Worcester, Domestic ..a sort of | 


American cotton cloth. 1864 R. A. ArNotp Cotton Fam. 26 
That large class of fabrics known in the trade as ‘ domestics’, 
of which shirting and sheeting form a large part. 

5. “A carriage for general use’ (Simmonds Dict. 
Trade 1858). 

Hence Dome'sticism, devotion to home life; 
Dome'sticness, domesticity. 

1643 W. Greennitt 4-re at Root A iij b, It's domestick- 
nes of spirit. 1 R. Bace Barham Downs II. 344 Our 
happy domesticism has undergone nochange. 1879 Farrar 
St. Paul I. 509 The ignorant domesticism which was the 
only recognised virtue of her sex. 

Dome'sticable, «. [f. med.L. domestica-re 
to DoMESTICATE + -BLE.] Capable of being dome- 


sticated or tamed. 

1806 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. IV. 35 The elephant and 
the hippopotamus .. both appear domesticable. 1883 F. 
Gatton Ing. Hum, Faculty 245 All domesticable animals 
of any note have long fallen under the yoke of man. 

+ mestical (dome'stikal), a. and 5b. Obs. 
or arch. [f. L. domestic-us DOMESTIC + -AL. 
(Much used in 16-17th c.)] 

A. adj. 1. =Domestic a. 2. 

1459 Sir J. Fastoe Wil/ in Paston Lett. 1. 457 My right 
trusty chapeleyn and servaunt domysticall. 1594 Hooker 
Eccl. Pol. wu. vi, In their domesticall celebration of the 
passeouer. 1664 Evetyn Sy/va (1776) 226 Domestical 
utensils, as baskets, bags. 1737 Wxiston Fosephus’ Hist. 
1. xxii. §1 Raising him up domestical troubles. 1856 Emer- 
son Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II, 96 A massive 
system. .at once domestical and stately. 

b. =Domestic a. 2 b. 

1586 Bricut Melanch. xii. 62 Inward and domesticall, in 
that it proceedeth from a natural power. 1605 ‘limME 
Quersit. 1. ii. 48 The domesticall enemies which are within 
mans body. 

2. = Domestic a. 3, 3 b. 

153r Etyot Gov, 11. vi. (1883) 60 We lacke nat of this 
vertue domisticall examples, I meane of our owne kynges of 
Englande. 1570-6 Lamparve Peramd, Kent (1826) 313 The 
domesticall and foreigne affaires of the Realme. 1610 
Guitum Heraldry i. x. (1660) 149 Some [Plants] are 
forrein, and some Domesticall. 1655 Futter CA. Hist. vu. 
i. § 21 Domestical dissentions of his own Subjects. 

3. = Domestic a. 4. 

1 Butteyn Bk. Simples (1579) 77 Domesticall or yard 
foules. 1634 T. Jounson Parey's Chirurg. 11. (1678) 44 The 
Camel is a very domestical and gentle Hast. 1677 Hate 
Prim, Orig. Man, i. ix. 208 Animals, .that are domestical, 
and not for food, as Cats and Dogs. : 

b. Of plants: Cultivated, not wild. 

i Lyre Dodoens w. xviii. 473 The Domesticall, or 
husbandly beanes, do growe in feeldes and gardens. did. 
xxii. 479 The domestical or tame Ciches. 

4. Familiar, homely. | 

1563 Wingzer Agst. Hereseis 1. xxviii. Wks. 1890 II. 60 
Gif we sal begin to mixt..vncouth and strange thingis with 
domestical materis. 1578 Banister //ist, Man iv. 52 In our 
domesticall phrase. 1 Hevwoop Diai. iv. Wks. 1874 
VI. 156 O Jupiter... That art domesticall and hospitable. 

B. sb. A member of the household ; a household 


servant ; =DoMESTIC 5s, I, 2. 

cxsgo tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 110 Hee 
tooke deliberation of his domesticalls and generallieall his 
princes. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) ZA. ii.19 You are citizens of 
the sainctes, and the domesticals of God. 1639 T. Brucis 
tr. Camus’ Mor, Relat. 228 This youth was one of Fursees 
domesticals, 

Hence Domestica‘lity, domestic ar: 

1819 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXXXVIII. 225 His 
very reflections have a domesticality of character. 

e‘stically, adv. [f. DomesricaL a.+ 

-LY *,] In a domestic manner ; in, or in reference 
to, the house, home, or ak ; with regard to 
domestic or home affairs ; familiarly. 


594 


1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 80 To chan 

that order of life, which by long use pont Hat -— 
hath frequented. a@1667 Cowtry Verses & Ess., Agric. 
1669) 104 Augustus had desir’d Meczenas md poeoony him 


Horace] to come and live domestically, and at the same | 


able with him. 1791-1823 D’Israeti Cur, Lit., [ntrod. 
Tea, Coffee, etc., Probably, tea was not in general use 
domestically so late as in 1687. 1792 Burke Corr. IV. 21 
All is well with us, and so far as concerns us, directly and 
domestically. 1885 Westmid. Gaz. 2 Jan. 8/2 Grati to 
see the Queen's youngest daughter settled domestically. 

+ Dome’ t, a Obs. rare, [ad. L, 
domesticant-em, pr. pple. of domesticare : see next.] 
Making its home ; dwelling, residing. 

—_ Sir E. Derine Sf. Relig. 71 The power .. was vir- 
tually residing and d icant in the plurality of his 
Assessors. . 

Domesticate (domestikeit), v. [f. ppl. stem 
of med.L. domesticare to dwell in a house, to 
accustom (Du Cange), f. domestic-us DOMESTIC : 
cf. F. domestiquer (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. “rans. To make, or settle as, a member of a 
household ; to cause to be at home; to naturalize. 

a 1639 [see DomesticaTepD]. a@1773 Cuesterr. (Mason), 
Domesticate yourself there, while you stay at Naples. 1862 
Gou.surn Educ. World in Replies Ess. & Rev. g \t domesti- 
cated many of them in different parts of the heathen world. 
1878 GLapstone Prim. Homer vii. 97 An element in the 
Greek nation originally foreign, but now domesticated. 

b. transf. and fig. To make to be or to feel ‘at 
home’ ; to familiarize. 

1841-4 Emerson £ss., Art Wks. (Bohn) I. 150, I now 
require this of all pictures, that they domesticate me, not 
that they dazzle me, 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol.v. 179 
The mental faculties of one people are domesticated, as it 
were, into the ways of thought ag another. 

2. To make domestic; to attach to home and its 


duties. 

1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VIII. 437 A circum- 
stance which generally“lowers the spirit of the ladies, and 
domesticates them. 1863 Miss Power Arad. Days & N. 
130 [They] easily become domesticated (as lady-companions 
and housekeepers now describe themselves in_advertise- 
ments to be). 1895 West. Gaz. 25 July 2/3 The efforts 
which are being made to domesticate the teaching. 

3. To accustom (an animal) to live under the 
care and near the habitations of man; to tame or 


bring under control ; ¢ransf. to civilize. 

GF Eart Mono. tr. Biondi's Hist. Civ. Warres 1. iv-v. 
145 Ireland, where the wisedome and valour of the Duke of 
Yorke had domesticated a savage people. 1805 Luccock 
Nat. Wool 29 The first flock, which is minutely described .. 
was perfectly domesticated. a Orig. Spec.i.(1873) 
14 There is hardly a tribe so barbarous, as not to have 
domesticated at least the dog. 

+4. intr. (for ref.) To live familiarly or at 
home (with); to take up one’s abode. Oés. 

1 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1859) 1. 305, I would 
rather .. see her married to some honest and tender-hearted 
man, whose love might induce him to domesticate with her. 
1796 CocerincE (title of poem) To a young friend, on his 
proposing to domesticate with the author, 1812 SHELLEY 
in Dowie Life (1887) 1. 230, I shall try to domesticate in 
some antique feudal castle. 

Dome'sticated, f7/. a. [f. prec. + -ED!.] 
Made domestic or familiar ; tamed, naturalized. 

a 1639 Wotton in Relig. Wotton. 366 (T.) Being now 
familiarized and domesticated evils. 1802 Parey Nat. 
Theol. xvi. (1827) 497/1 The sheep in the domesticated state. 
1838 Dickens Mem. Grimaldi u, He had always been a 
domesticated man, delighting. .in the society of his relations 
and friends. 1863 Lyrit Antig. Man 14 There are..no 
signs of any domesticated animals except the dog. 

mestication (dome:stikéfon). ‘f. of ac- 
tion from DoMESTICATE: see -ATION: so in F,] 
The action of domesticating, or the condition of 
being domesticated. 

1774 Kames Sk. Hist. Man II. 13 (Jod.) The same 
discipline obtains even after domestication. 1845 Darwin 
Voy. Nat. viii. (1879) 150 Animals that readily enter into 
domestication. Gro. Extor F, Holt UI. xliv. 192 
Her domestication with this family. 

Dome'sticative, a. rare. [f. ppl. stem of 
med.L. domesticdre + -1VE.] Tending to domesti- 
cate, productive of domestication. 

In recent Dicts. . , 

Dome'sticator. [agent-n. in L. form from 
med.L. domesticare to DomesticatE.] One who 


domesticates ; a tamer. t 
1872 Bacenor Physics § Pol. (1876) 51 Man..was oblig 
to be his own domesticator. 1894-5 Q. Rev. Current Hist, 
IV. 700 The domesticator of animals. 
Domesticity (démesti'siti), [f Domxsrie a. 
+-1TY : cf. F. domesticité (1690 in atz.-Darm.).] 
“1. The quality or state of being domestic, do- 
mestic character; home or family life ; devotion to 


home; homeliness. 

17ax Batey, Domesticity, the being a servant. Le 
Ayurre Par L,), Great familiarity is included under 
the notion of friendship and domesticity, as living together 
in the same house, and the like. 1827 Sourney Lett. (1856) 
1V. 49 You would infer.,that there is more domesticity . .in 
Holland, than in any other, country. 1874 L. STErHEN 


Bee | 


| 
| 
| 


DOMICILE. 


2. We Decsestic affairs or arra ts. 
+ Mat in Four C. Eng. Lett. Since 
age dtertined bemade acquainted with our ici \ aig 
aati the iemedensed lian te heats ee 
Domesticize (dome'stisaiz), v. [f. Domestic 


.+-1z8.] trans. =DOMESTICATE. 


1 t Mono. Advt. fr. Parnass. 63 Fair treatment 
doth d ichize even age beasts. SouTHey 
Doctor 1. xxix. 286 That most t, saluti and 


domesticising beverage [tea]. Univ. Rev. Jan. 13 If 
.. electric power as a motive admit of being domesti- 
cized, and so bring back the system of cottage labour. 

+ Dome , adv. Obs. [f. Domestic a. + 
-LY oF = DOMESTICALLY. 

1 ITHGOW Trav. vil. 350 Sent backe to the Governour 
with whom I was domestickly reserved. 1755 CHESTERF. 
World No. 151 She is..so d i 


ly tame. 
Domett (dp'mét). [perh. from a proper name.] 


"A kind of textile fabric: see quots. 


Boorn Anal. Dict. Eng. 182 A kind of plain cloth, 
of which the warp is cotton and the weft woollen, is called 
Domett, or Cotton-flannel. 1882 Beck Draper's Dict., 
Domett, a \oosely-woven a of flannel, with cotton 
warp and woollen weft, generally employed for shrouds, and 
sometimes in the place of wadding by dressmakers. 

Domeykite (domékait’. A/in. [Named 1845, 
after Domeyko, a Chilian chemist and mineralo- 
gist.] A native arsenide of copper of a greyish 
or tin-white metallic appearance. 

1850 Dana Min. 513 Arseni' of 
with domeykite. : 

Domic dé™mik), a. [f. Dome sb. + -1c.] = 
next. 

1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 153 Large roofs, con- 


A 


ae 0 enn 


| structed of a domic form. 


= aee SS 


Domical (dé"-mikal), a. [f. Dome (or its ety- 
mon) + -IC +-AL.] 

1. Of, pertaining to, or like a dome; vaulted. 

1846 Worcester cites Loupon. Freeman Archit. 1.1. 
i. 39 The curved shape. .from which the domical appearance 
results. 1856 RusKin Mod. Paint. 1V.v. App. ii, The ap- 

rently domical form of the a — Fors Clav. vi. 

une 12 A white blouse. .and a d felt hat. 

2. Characterized by domes or dome-like structure. 

Domical church, one of which the characteristic feature 
is a dome or series of domes. ; 

1861 Sat. Rev. X1. 580/1 The wonderful domical cathedral 
of Perigueux. 1879 in G. Scorr Lect. Archit. 1. 76 In the 
celebrated domical churches of Perigord and Angoumois. 

Hence Do‘mically adv., in the manner or form 
of a dome. In recent Dicts. 

+ Domice'llary, a. Ods. rare. [f. med.L. domi- 
cellaris, -cillaris (Du Cange).] = DomicILiaR, 

1727-51 Cuamuers Cyci. s.v. Canon, i Canons 
were young Canons, who, not being in orders, no right 
in any particular chapters. N 

+ ‘Domicelle. Obs. rare. (ad. med.L, domicella, 
also domnicella, dim. of domina; see DAMSEL.] 
A young lady, a damsel. 

1460 Carcrave Chron. (1858) 263 Sche broute oute of 
Frauns xii. chares ful of ladies and domicelles. 

Domicile (dp'misil, -sail), sd. Also 6-7 -cill(e, 
7-9 -cil. [s F. domicile (14th’c. in Hatz.- 
Darm,), ad. L. domicili-um habitation, dwelling, 
deriv. of domus house.] 

1. A place of residence or ordinary habitation ; 
bode ; a house or home. Also 


cf 

©1477 Caxton Yason 36 Thalyaunce of my frende and of 
my Toaycille. 1549 Com, cot. Epist. 7 Fureous mars, 
that hes violent! compas the domicillis of tranquil pace. 
1s99 A. M., tr. lhouer’s Bk. Physichke 55 Vake .. the 
Senta snayles, with their domicills, Bacon Adv. 
Learn, u. it. § 4 That — of ee which answereth 
to one of the cells, domiciles, or offices of the understanding ; 
which is that of the memory, 1794 Sir W. Jones Oni. 
Menu vi. 43 Let him have no cul ay Secy no domicil. 
= tone Hist. Philos. (1867) I. 188 That a Tub could 
sul i from 


f domicile Aristophanes. 
R. Euus Catullus Till. 33, ie be with the snows, the ti 
beasts, in a wintery domicile. 
2. Law. The place where one has his home or 
ent residence, to which, if absent, he has the 
intention of pres. 9 : cial , 
766-80 A NSFIELD In Burrows Se lement Cases 
No 134. "421 (Jod.) The master’s place of abode, his domicil, 
can never su to be at h. 


Beut Dict. Law Scot. s.v., Where a company fas a domicile 
in more than one country, in bankruptcy in 
any one. the Some Seta as Boas 
estate of the entire concern, FE 
Gaius mt. (ed, 2) 336 — is the place which a an 
I ily ch for his 
Mian Lat, Che. (1864) IX. x1v. v. 200 [The] first dor ir 
(of the new Italian language] was the court of Frederick IL 
b. The fact of being resident ; residence. 
1835 LY eed a pane ad tr )y, The Pp 
dence fort 's constitutes a 
Jurisdiction in Stotland.. 1862 Lond. Rev. 30 Aug. 180 The 
American domicile does not take away the gover eels 


State to which the forei g' 1g 
Sik seasealh Lyeut Antig. Man 2 A place not 


Hours in Library (1892) II. iii. 74 A i 1, 
with no talent for domesticity. ? . 
b. The quality of being a domestic animal. . 
1830 Lye Princ, Geol. (1875) U1. ut. xxxvi. 314 Domes- 
ticity eliminates the tendency. 1842 Pricnarp Nat, Hist. 
Man 37 The most marked sign of domesticity in our 
European goats. 


for his pr 
only of domicile, but of sepulture. 
3. Comm. The place at which a bill of exchange 
K seg ag. Corr, 26 The bank or other 
. le . or 
B. J vill is made ya .is called the domicile of the 
bill, which is said to Be domiciled there, 


DOMICILE. 
Domicile (see prec.), v.  [f. prec. sb.] 


1. trans. To establish in a domicile or fixed 
residence ; to settle in a home. 

x Tomuns Law Dict. s.v. Domicile, The county in 
which he was'domiciled at the time of his death. 1822 J. 
Jexyit Let. 31 Dec. in Corr. (1894) 132 The Hollands were 
domiciled in Burlington Street. 1862 Lond. Rev. 30 Aug. 
180 Aliens who are domiciled in America without having 
become citizens in the fullest sense. 

b. transf. and fig. 

lene we C. Mancan Poems (1859) 387 Souls wherein dull 
Time Could domicile decay or house Decrepitude. 1874 
Manarry Soc. Life Greece ix. 278 Medicine had been long 
domiciled at Athens. i 

2. Comm. To make (a bill of exchange, etc.) 
payable at a certain place. 

1809 R. Lancrorp /utrod. Trade 18 He should write on it 
with his acceptance, the address where it will be honoured ; 
such bills are termed domiciled. 1882 Birnett Counting- 
ho. Dict., s.v., All the Brazilian loans are said to be domi- 
ciled at Messrs. N. M. Rothschild & Sons. 

3. intr. (for vefl.). To have one’s home, dwell. 

1831 Fraser's Mag. V. 2 She domiciles far down in pebbled 
well. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 166 God forbid 
that the white ants should ever domicile here. 

Hence Do'miciled f//. a., Do'miciling v//. sé. ; 
also Do'micilement, the act of domiciling or fact 
of being domiciled. 

1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) IX. xiv. vii. 228 Each was 
a domiciled stranger. 1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Domi- 
ciled Bill, a bill not made payable at the residence or place 
of business of the acceptor, but directed for payment by the 
acceptor at the time of his acceptance. 1885 CLopp J/yths 
& Dr. 1. iv. 71 After the domiciling of the stories. 1888 
Charity Organiz. Rev. Apr. 141 Laws of Aethelstan on the 
domicilement of lordless men. 

+ Domici'liar, @.and sd. Obs. rare. [f. L. 
type *domictlidr-ts (see next and -AR).] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to one’s domicile. 
1655 tr. De Parc’s Francion vu. 27 To be brought before 
udge natural, and domiciliar, as in an Action purely 
personal. aa 
B. sb. Short for domictliar canon, a canon of a 
minor order having no voice in a chapter. [cf. 
med.L. domicillaris canonicus, junior canonicus cui 
necdum est jus Capituli’ (Du Cange).] 

1761 Sterne 77. Shandy IV.i, The dean of Strasburg, 
the prebendaries, the capitulars and domiciliars. .all wished 
they had followed the nuns of Saint Ursula’s example. 

Domiciliary (dpmisi‘liari), 2. (sd.)  [ad. L. 
type *domiciliart-us, f. domictlium ; cf. corresp. F. 
domiciliaire (16th. c.).] 

1. Pertaining to, relating to, or connected with a 
domicile or residence. 

Domiciliary visit, a visit to a private dwelling, by official 
persons, in order to search or inspect it. 

*790 Het. M. Wituiams Lett. France (1795) I. vii. 174 
(Jod.) Those domiciliary visits, which were so often repeated. 
1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXIV. 495 Domiciliary 
visits were a by the police. 1849 Macautay /ist. 
Eng. I. iii. 287 
domiciliary visits. 1885 L’pood Merc. 14 Aug. 5/3 Torevolu- 
tionise the social and domiciliary condition of the labourers. 

2. Zool. Of or pertaining to the general integu- 
ment or structure occupied in common by infusoria 
or other animals of low organization. 

In recent Dicts. . os 

B. sé. One belonging to a domicile ; a domestic. 

1845 StrocquELer Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 166 The two 
wings .. are allotted to the residence of professors, pupils, 
and domiciliaries. 

Domiciliate (dpmisi‘lije't), v. [f. L. domi- 
cilt-um, prob. after F. domicilier: cf. -aTE 8 6.] 

1. trans. To establish in a domicile, home, or 
place of residence ; to domicile, Also fg. 

1778 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 244 The very good-natured ., 


letter ., in a manner, domiciliated me already under the_ 


friendly roof you invited me to, 1808 WELLINGTON in Gurw. 
Desp. 1V.130 Subjects of France. .domiciliated in Portugal. 
1854 De Quincey A utobiog. Sk. Wks. II. 190 His purpose 
was to domiciliate himself in this beautiful scenery. 

b. intr. (for refi.) 

1815 J. WiLson in Four C. ue Lett, 466 We domiciliated 
with many [folks in the Hig lands). 1823 Lams Lett. 
oe) II. 81 Just as I had learned to domiciliate there, 

must come back to find a home which is no home. 

2. trans. = DOMICILE 2. 2. 

1879 Escort England I. 200 A foreign country in need of 
a wid always tries to domiciliate it in London. 

+3. To accustom to a house or permanent dwell- 
ing-place ; to domesticate (animals’. Ods. rare. 

1782 Pownatt Study of Antig. 61 (T.) The propagation 
. of the domiciliated animals. 1816 Kreatince 7vav. (1817) 
I. 76 Who had domiciliated the birds of the air. /did. 339 
A primitive domiciliated people dwelling in hamlets. 

ence Domici'liated f//. a. 

1782 [see sense 3h 1819 Jas. Witson Comp. Dict. Astroi., 
Domiciliated, a planet is so called when in its house. 1849 
Grote Greece u. Ixi. (1862) V. 310 Now began that incessant 
marauding of domiciliated enemies. _ 


Do:micilia‘tion. [f. prec. vb.: see -aTIon.] 

1. The action of domiciliating, or condition of 
being domiciliated ; settlement in a home. 

1816 Kratince 7rav. (1817) II. 162 As the Loire is ap- 
proached, domiciliation thickens over the country. 185 
Tait's Mag. XVIII. 634 putes my domiciliation among 
them, I was received..as ohe of the family, 1859 Moz.ry 
Ess., Indian Conversion (1878) I1. 348 This domiciliation of 
modern science and the useful arts in India, 


! 


tax .. could be levied only by means of _ 


595 


+2. =Domestication. Odés. rare. 

1775 Romans //ist. Florida 174 If instead of wantonly 
destroying this excellent beast [buffalo] .. we were to en- 
deavour its domiciliation. 

Domiculture (dgmikzltit:). rare. [f. L. 
dom-us house, after agricelture.} ‘That which 
relates to household affairs; the art of house- 
keeping, cookery, etc. ; domestic economy’. 

1860 WorcesTER cites R. Park. 

+ Domify, v. Astrol. Obs. [a. F. domifer 
(1558 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. domtficare to 
build houses (13th c. in Du Cange), f. domus 
house: see -Fy.] ‘vans. To divide (the heavens) 


into twelve equal parts or ‘houses’ by means of | 


great circles; to locate (the planets) in their re- 
spective ‘ houses’, Hence Do'mifying vd/. sd. and 
ppl. a.; also Domifica‘tion [so in Fr.]. 

c1430 Lypc. Bochas (1554) 222, I can..in the starres 
search out no difference By domifying, nor calculation. 1509 
Hawes Past’ Pleas. 40 Of the vi. planettes he knewe so 
perfytly ‘he operacions, how they were domified. 1603 
Frorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 315 Jugling tricks, en- 
chantments .. prognostications, domifications. 1690 Ley- 
BouRN Curs. Math. 390 Alcabitius would have the xii 
Houses of Heaven to be divided by Domifying Circles, or 
Circles of Position drawn from the Poles of the World 
through every 30th deg. of the Equator, 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Domifying, Domification. : 

|| Domina (dp-mina). [L.; = mistress, lady.] 

+1. A lady of rank (see quot.) Ods. 

1706 Puiiuips (ed. Kersey), Domina, Dame, Lady, a Title 
formerly given to those honourable Women that held a 
Barony in their own Right of Inheritance. 

2. The superior of a nunnery. 

1751 T. Gorpon Another Ci ee for Low Spirits Il. 15 
[St. Agatha] was the Domina of a Nunnery. 1819 T’. Hore 
Anastasius 1, iv, 83 (Stanf.) The very domina who had 
excited the oracular dignity of one of the party. 

Dominance (df‘minains\. [f. Dominant a.: 
see -ANCE. Cf, OF. dominance (15th c. in Godef.).] 
The fact or position of being dominant; para- 
mount influence, ascendancy, dominion, sway. 

1819 G.S. Faser Disfensations (1823) I. 89 That..period, 
which the bishop would allot to the dominance of mere 
natural religion, 1881 J. Pacerin Nature No. 614. 327 The 
dominance of doctrine has promoted the habit of inference, 
and repressed that of careful observation and induction. 

Do'minancy. [f. as prec.: see -ancy.] Do- 
minant quality, position, or condition, 

1841 G. S. Faser Provinc. Lett. (1844) 1. 82 Before the 
Roman [empire] came upon the stage of dominancy. 1847 
Tait’s Mag. X1V.230 Exercising the dominancy ofa superior 
will and intellect over his inferiors. 

Dominant (dg-minant), a. and sd. [a. F. do- 
minant (13th-14thc. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. L. domn- 
ant-em, pr. pple. of dominari to DoMINATE.] 

1. Exercising chief authority or rule; ruling, 
governing, commanding ; most influential. 

¢1532 Drewes Jutrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1073 The qualytes 
shag domynant in the same. 1652 GauLe Magastrom, 
243 Few live who, when they are born, have Saturne 
dominant in their horoscope. 1680 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. 
Soc.) II. 497 An odde feaverish sickness dominant in the 
Universitie. @ 1796 Reip(Mason) There are different orders 
of monads..the higher orders Leibnitz calls dominant; such 
is the human soul. 1813 Sourney in Q. Rev. X. 102 The 
dominant party persecuted both in duty and in self-defence. 
1871 Darwin Desc. Mav I. ii, 60 Dominant languages and 
dialects..lead to the gradual extinction of other tongues. 

2. Occupying a commanding position. 

1854 J. S. C. Apporr Nafoleon (1855) I. xxxvi. 561 To 
take possession of the dominant points of the globe. 1860 
TynvaLt Glac. 1. xi. 81 We were dominant over all other 
mountains, 1871 — Fragm. Sc. (1879) 1. vi. 205 Lying in.. 
a bay, sheltered by dominant hills. i Nature 23 July 
267 Dominant trees, with their head well above the others. 

3. Rom. Law. Dominant land, tenement : ‘the 
tenement or subject in favour of which a servi- 
tude exists or is constituted’ (Bell Dict. Law 
Scot.). 

1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 225 If the rent be 
payable in meal, flour, or malt, the grain of which these 
are made must be manufactured in the dominant mill. 1871 
Marksy Elem. Law § 371 Adopting the language of the 
Roman Law, English lawyers call the land to which the 
easement is attached the dominant land, and the land over 
which it is exercised the servient land. 1875 Poste Gaius 
ui, (ed. 2) 166 Right of way for beast and man .. over the 
servient tenement to the dominant tenement. 

4. Mus. [attrib. use of B. 1 b.] Belonging or 
relating to the dominant or fifth of the key ; having 
the dominant for its root, as dominant chord, 
dominant seventh, etc. ° 

1819 Pantologia s.v., The dominant or sensible chord is 
that which is practised upon the dominant of the tone. 
1875 Ousetey Harmony ii. 16. 1880 Statner Composition 
§ 26 The third of the minor scale is commonly treated as a 
dominant discord, 1880 C. H. H. Parry in Grove Dict, 
Mus, 1. 674 The modern Dominant Harmonic Cadence .. 
defines the key absolutely. 

5. Math. Dominant branch of a tree, one con- 
taining half or more of all the knots of a ‘tree’, 

B. sd. 

1. Mus. +a. In the ecclesiastical modes: ‘The 
predominating sound in each mode, the note on 
which the recitation is made in each Psalm or 
Canticle tone’ (Helmore in Grove Dict. Mus.) ; 

: 


DOMINATION. 


usually a fifth above the ‘final’ in the authentic 
modes, and a third above it in the plagal. Ods. 

1823 Crass Technol. Dict. s.v. 1880 T. Hetmore in 
Grove Dict. Mus. I. 626 To the 4 Authentic, St. Gregory 
added 4 ‘ Plagal’.. modes..The Dominants of the new 
scales are in each case a third below those of the old ones, 
C being however substituted for B§ in the Hypo-mixo- 
lydian. 

b. In modern Music: The fifth note of the scale 
of any key ; which is of special importance in rela- 
tion to the harmonies of that key. (Also /zg.) 

1819 [see 4 above]. 1855 Browninc Toccata of Galuppi's 
viii, Hark—the dominant’s persistence till it must be 
answered to! 186r Dora GreEeNweELL Poems 133, | would 
find My soul’s true Dominant. 1867 Macrarren Harmony 
needs 
2. Math.: see quot. 

1881 Syivester in Educat. Times XXXIV. 100 The 
dominant of a set of numbers meaning the greatest one of 
them without respect to sign. pies 

Hence Do-minantly adv., in a dominating way ; 


so as to dominate or sway. 

1868 Contemp. Rev. VIL. 155 A vital factor which has 
dominantly entered into .. national life. 1869 /é/d. XI. 
447 The dominantly Jewish character of the population. 

Dominate (do-mineit), v. [f. L. dominat- ppl. 
stem of domindri to bear rule, govern, lord it, f. 
domin-us lord, master : cf. F. dominer.] 

1. ¢vans. To bear rule over, control, sway; to 
have a commanding influence on; to master. 

1611 Florio, Dominare, to rule, to dominate, to sway, 
1613 SHERLEY Tvav. Persia 55 Hee that..can dominate 
his passions. 1775 tr. SP. Sonn. in 7wiss’ Trav. App. (T.) 
He w. dominated by his step-mother. 1859 ‘THACKERAY 
Virgin. vy, Her power over him was gone. He had domi- 
nated her. 1870 Huxtey Lay Serm. iii, (1878) 50 The 
Germans dominate the intellectual world. 

2. intr. To bear sway, exercise control ; to pre- 
dominate, prevail ; to lord over. 

1818 in Topp. 1837 Cartyte #7. Rev. III. v1. i, Re- 
publicanism dominates without and within. 1837-9 Haram 
Hist, Lit. ui, ii. (L.), The system of Aristotle .. still domi- 
nated in the Universities. 1869 Farrar Mav. Speech iii. 
(1873) 86 This. .was..dominated over by a small aristocracy 
of Aryan warriors. 

b. Nom. Law. Cf. DoMINANT a. 3. 

1832 AustIN Furispr. (1879) IL. 1. 845 The parcel of land, 
the owner or occupier whereof hath the right of servitude is 
said to dominate over the land from the owner or occupier 
whereof the corresponding duty is owned. 

3. txans. To ‘command’ as a height ; also fg. 

1833 L. Ritcnie Wand. by Loire 112 A colossal rock 
which dominates the whole town. 1878 Bosw. Situ 
Carthage 420 This hill.,dominates the plain, the harbours 
and the isthmus behind it, 1878 BrownincG Poets Croisic 
77 From where, high-throned, they dominate the scene. | 

b. zztr. To occupy a commanding position 
(over). 

1816 KEATINGE 7'av. (1817) I. 100 It is indeed the com- 
manding ground of Madrid. .but it does not dominate over 
the town. 1860 ‘TYNDALL Glac. u. viii. 267 The moraine .. 
rises upon its ridge of ice, and dominates. .over the surface 
of the glacier. 

Hence Dominated, Dominating Af/. ads. 

1611 SreeD Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. (1632) 972 A Lady, 
bred vpinadominating Family. 1700 DrypEN Cock & Fox 
161, I..thus conclude my theme, ‘The dominating humour 
makes the dream. 1885 A thenxust 5 Dec. 725/1 The domi- 
nating influences of a particular period. 1891 Nature 23 
July 267 A portion of the dominated trees being removed. 


Domination (dpminéifan). [a. F. domination 
(12th c.), f. L. domindtion-em, n. of action f. dome- 
nari to DOMINATE.] 

1. The action of dominating; the exercise of 
ruling power; lordly rule, sway, or control; 
ascendancy. ‘+b. A lordship or sovereignty (0ds.). 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. Prol. § 7.232 In whom pat drynke 
hath dominacion, He kan no conseil kepe. 1483 Caxton 
Cato A viij b, The kynges and prynces haue domynacions 
and lordshippes. 1490 — Exeydosi.13 Pryam was subdued 
and putte vnder the sharpe domynacyon of the grekes. 
1585 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. ix. 43 Gave 
unto him..the Lordship and domination over thys yle. 1654 
tr. Scudery’s Curia Pol. 86 The people found themselves 
happy under his domination. 1880 G. Durr in 19th Cent. 
No. 38. 666 To keep up the horrible Turkish domination in 
Armenia. 

++c. Predominance, prevalence. Ods. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 A myxture of syluer 
and golde.. wherin y® syluer hath dominacion. 1563 W. 
FutkeE eteors (1640) 63 Upon the mixtion of these colours, 
or chiefe domination of them, all things have their colour. 

+2. The territory under rule ; adominion. Oés. 

c1440 Carcrave Life St. Kath. v.'265 In what parti he‘ 
dwelled of his domynacyon. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 26. 
§ 1 His subiectes of his saide dominacion of Wales. 1654 tr. 
Scudery’s Curia Poi, 68 The Romans advanced not their 
names, nor inlarged their Dominations but by Conquests. 

3. 1. The fourth of the nine orders of angels in 
the Dionffsian hierarchy; a conventional repre- 
sentation of these in art. Cf. DomInIon 4, and see 


note s.v. CHERUB. 

[1388 Wyciir Zfh. i. 21 Ech principat, and potestat, and 
vertu, and domynacioun [so TinpaLe, Geneva, Rhem.).] 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.11.xii.(1495) 38 The fourth ordre 
is Domynacyones, 1500-20 Dunsar Poents x. 9 Archangellis, 
angellis, and dompnationis, Tronis, potestatis, and marteiris 
seir, 1 Mitton P. ZL, v. 601 Hear all Bg Angels .. 
Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Vertues, Powers. 1847 
Lp, Linpsay Chr. Art I. 134 A ‘throne’, for instance, is 
seated on a throne; a ‘di ion’ holds * Ha 

-2 


DOMINATIVE. 


Dominative (dg'minetiv), a. (ad. med.L. do- | 


minativ-us, ¥. dominatif, -ive (Oresme, 14th c.) ; 


596 ~ 


+b. To assume lordly airs; to la’ 
hie feo 3 to swagger, play 


DOMINICAN. 


Lord's, Dovinicas Gay : the Lord's day, Sunday. 
Dominical year: the year Lord. 


see DoMINATE and -IVE. | 1607 Torse. FourS. Botts (658) 3 376 In this ation. he BE he at Fmai, Nene Ind. nnd He came thether 
good time, until at a stranger ving called y. 1560 
1. sap. the quality of ruling or dominating; | Oftentimes seen both Lions and knew it for an ass in | Netw Catech. or It is the » that i to 
of lordly authority, | a Lion’s skin. Find Drvven Kind Kpr. 1. i, He rants and | say, the the Lars N.T. (then Rev. i. 10, 7 was in 
1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 57 The Princes in — domineers, He swaggers and swears. 1719 D'Urrey Pills on the day. ¢ 3645 Howett 1688) 
Majestie and soveraigntie of power ; the Nobilitie in aie. | (1872) IV.’ 193 Wher he had the money in his Purse, He . 472 The Dominical Prayer, the Apostlical’ 
dome and dominative vertue .. are respectable and domineered and vapoured. cy hg Foote Mayor of G.1. Ws. 1743. Fievoinc ¥ Wild u. After the exercise of the 
able. Sranzey (ist, Philos. XII, (1701) 613 Domestic 1799 I. 173, She ions now and then hector a little; and . dominical day is over. lint hoes Hen, VIII Pref. 7 
Prudence being either conjugal and paternal, or d s like the devil. Marked with the regnal and 
roth ~~ oe S . irc teat Bcd Msi publi +2. To revel, roister, feast riotously. [Du. domé- | 2. Of or pertaining to the ‘the Lond’s day or Sunday 
est Ge. eopetar | “Spriease treme ork Mererrtrtee | “Wetec seraee teen 
2 ee can r 2: 
tb. Dominative argument, a Gr. xupetow wikis Mercers and Tailers : was wont, nor dominere | 1649 Mitton Eikon. i Wks. 1 38 I. 367 4 
Adyos, a kind of logical fallacy. Oés. P E | in Tauernes as hee ought. 1596 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. 1. ii. 226 Statute for Dominical Jigs and Ma 37 ea from the 
1656 Stantey Hist, Philos, w. (1701) 148 Diodorus inter- Goe to the feast, reuell d . Be dde and le of his Father James. 1663 Ley Cutter Coleman 


rogated by the Dominative Argument. 

+2. Of predominant weight or importance. Oés. 

1639 Futter Holy War wv. v. (1840) 183 They approach 

-to us in more istiy ey | and dominative points. 1655 — 
Ch. Hist. u. vi. § 42 An Induction of the dominative Contro- 
versies, wherein we differ from the Church of Rome. 

Dominator (dg'mine'taz. Also 5-7 -our. [a. 
F. dominateur (13th-14thc.), ad. L. dominator-em, 
agent-n. f. dominari to DomInate.] One who 
rules or dominates ; a ruler, lord. Also of things. 

¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1000 O lorde of erth domina- 
toure. 1588 SHaks. ZL. L. L. 1. i, 221 Sole dominator of 
Nauar. 1 Cupwortx /ntell. Syst. 1. iv. 344 The Arca- 
dians worship their God Pan .. [as] Lord or Dominator over 
all material substance. 172: State Russia I, 259 Emperor 
and Dominator of all the Russias. 1817 Byron J/aufred 
1. i, The elements, whereof We are the dominators. 

+b. Astrol. A planet or sign supposed to domi- 
nate a particular person or region. Obs. 

1588 SHaks. 77t. A. 1. iii. 31 Madame, Though Venus 
gouerne your desires, Saturne is Dominator ouer mine. 
1652 GauLe Magastrom. 4 Jupiter..Lord of the ascendant, 
and great dominator. 

Dominatory (dgminatari), a. rare. [f. ppl. 
stem of L. dominari + -oRY.] =DOMINATIVE I. 

1816 KeatincE 7'rav. (1817) I. 303 A dominatory process. 

|| Domina‘trix. Ods. [Lat.; fem. of domind- 
tor.) A female dominator; mistress, lady. 

1561 Even Arte Nanig.1. xix. 20 b, Rome. .dominatrix of 
nations. 

+ Domine (dg'minz), sb. Obs. [vocative case of 
L. domin-us lord, master.] 

1. Lord, master: used in respectful address to 
the clergy or members of learned professions. 

[cgoo tr. Beda's Hist. wt. xix. (1891) 214 Min domne 
hwatt is pis ffr.] 1566 GascoiGNe 1. ii, Domine gc 
Ibid. 1. iv. 1609 B. Jonson Sil. Wom. v. i, "Tis no 
presumption, domine doctor. 1616 Beaum. & Ft. sb 
Lady u. i, Adieu, dear Domine! 1640 Brome slip 
1v. x, [To his chaplain] You Domine where are you? 
Wycuerey Country Wife ww. iii, No, good Domine esis 
I deceive you, it seems, and others too. 

2. A clergyman or parson; sfec. =DOMINIE 2. 

@ 1679 Eart Orrery Guzman iv, Are you the Domine of 
the Parish? 1701 C. Wottey Fraud. in N. York (1860) 55 
Two other Ministers or Domines as they were called there 

-one a Lutheran. .the other a Calvinist. 1705 Hick eRiNGILL 
Priest-cr.t. ii. 26 A little Domine or Curate in the towering 
and topping ae az Ken Lett. Wks. (1838) 84 
The Dominees are . Ivinisticall to be in league with 
those who oppose se 1892 Critic 12 Mar. 151/2 The 
Dutchman’s endearing title of his pastor i is properly spelled 
as the old Dutch documents Spelled i if. e ‘domine’ was 
the clergyman; a ‘dominie’ isa school-master. 

b. A schoolmaster, etc. ; =DOoMINIE 1, q.v. 


+ Domine, v. Os. Also 5-6 domyne. 
OF. domine-r, ad. L. dominari to Dominate.) 
1. trans. To rule, govern, control, DomInaTE. 
1481 Caxton God/rey 2 Alysaundre .. domyned and had 
to hym obeyssaunt the vnyuersal world. Hawes Past. 
Pleas. x1. ix, The whych ryght..they aayeee eell domyne. 
2. intr. To rule ; to prevail. 


[a. 


1470-85 Matory Arthur v. i, That noble empyre whiche | 


domyneth v the vnyuersal world. 1483 Caxton Gold. 
Leg. 37/2 He shold domyne over them. 1509 Hawes 
Yous. Medit. xvi, Our souerayne whiche doth nowe 
domyne. 1614 P. Forses Def. Minist. Ref. Ch. 61 (Jam.) 
Hee may expell the Pope from Rome, and domine there. 
3. intr. To predominate, prevail in importance. 
1474 Caxton Chesse 6 His vertues domyne aboue his 


ciation 
io"1),v. Also6-7-eere, 7-ere, 
ae -ier(e. payee ey pp- a. early mod. Du. dominer-en 
to rule, have domination (1573 in Plantijn), a. F. 
dominer: see DOMINE 2. 
The circumstances — which the Du. word was adopted 


in Eng. do not pe 

1. intr. To rule or govern arbitrarily or des; yy 
cally; tg act imperiously; to tyrannize. 
usually (coloured by b), To exercise or assert 
authority in an overbearing manner, to lord it. 

meek [see Domtineerine ff/. 2.1]. 191 Sin T. Contncssy 
in den Misc. 1. 62(Stanf.) They commaund the countrie, 
and domineer and have their parts in any thing 8 Oat an ge. 
1602 2d Pt. Return fr. Parnass. m. i. (Arb) #7 raft and 
cunning do so dominere. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. wv. 
ii. td 96 Oligarchies, wherein a few rich men domineer. 
1776 Apa Samira W.N.1. viii. (1869) I. 77 The mercantile 

pany which d s in the East Indies. 

Haywarp Love agst. World 2 Not .. disposed to: lomineer 
over his brothers or arrogate to himself a superiority. 1877 
Mrs. Outenant Makers Flor. xiv. 354 With a certain con- 
scious despotism he rules, nay domineers, over us. 


merry. 1 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. u. i, Let him 
spend, an nd, and domineere, 1691 SHADWELL Scorers 
iv, We tee to..roar and drink bloodily, and domineer in 
the house. 

+3. To dominate, predominate, prevail. Obs. 

1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. v.i, O hunger, how thou 
dominer'st in my guts! 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron 
Age 291 Infected places, and where the small pocks 
domineered. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Sallet, To suit 
and mingle our Sallet-Ingredients..and to adjust them that 
nothing may be suffer'd to domineer. 

. To tower (over, above); = DOMINATE 3 b. 

1658 [see Domineerinc AA/. a. 3). 1697 Dryven Virg. 
Georg. 1. 229 Darel domineers, And shoots its head above 
the shining Ears. 1837 W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville 1. 116 
Three lofty mountains..which domineer as landmarks over 
a vast extent of country. 1848 Dickens Dombey xxiii. ‘ 

5. trans. a. To govern imperiously, tyrannize 
over, dominate with absolute sway. 

1764 Gipson Misc. Wks. (1814) V. 477 Supposing him 
domineered by the Metromanie in its utmost aad 
Emerson Cond. Life i. (1861) 23 All the bloods it ier 
absorb and domineer. 1885 Manch. E. am. 7 Oct. 5/1 The 
people have refused to be dc ed by C ees and 
wirepullers. 

To tower over, ‘command’; =DoMINATE 3. 

1812 Sir R. Witson Pr. Diary I. 136 The entrenchments 
.. were domineered within pistol shot. 1843 Lerevre Life 
Trav. Phys. U1. m. ii. 98 The cathedral .. situated upon 
a rock and domineering the whole town. 

Domineerr, s%. [f. prec. vb.] A domineering 
manner or air; imperious swaggering. 

a 1768 Sir WV. 1 allace ix. in Child Ballads (1889) III. v1. 
268/3 The captain .. Did answer him in domineer. x 
BarinG-Goutn Gaverocks 1.i. 4 There was. .aselfwill in the 
modelling of the lips, a domineer in the cut of the nose. 

Do:minee‘rer. Now rave. [f. as prec. + -ER}.] 
One who domineers ; a tyrant, despot. 

1641 Sir E. Derinc in Rushw. Hist. Coll. m. OS I. 
295 Away then with this Lordly Domineerer. ay 
More Death's Vis. iv. (1713) 3 note, That Deadly Domi- 
neerer [Death]. 1866 Atcer Solit. Nat. & Man ul. 147 
An applauded domineerer of the forum. 

Domineering, vol. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING Vy 
The action of the verb DoMINEER ; imperious rule, 
tyranny; overbearing demeanour. 

1617 Moryson /tin, 11. 288 Women. .taxed with this vn- 
naturall domineering over their Husbands. 1866 Mrs. H. 
Woop St. Martin's Eve xxxii, If Charlotte did remain 
with them, she should not stand any domineering. 

Dominee‘ring, pl. a. That domineers. 

1. Ruling arbitrarily or imperiously ; tyrannical, 
despotic ; overbearing, insolent. 

1588 Suaxs. L. Z. L. ut. i. 179 A domineering pedant ore 
the Boy. 1683 A. D. Art Converse 105 Their unruly and 
domineering humour. 1868 Mirman Si? Paul's xv. 355 
Laud in his haughty and domineerin; character. 

+ 2. Prevailing, dominant. Ods. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. u. iv. 1. oo (651) 366 The domi- 
neering and most frequent of it [a place]. 1817 
W. Taytor in Manthly Mag. XLIV.. 325 The ans of the 

ersia. 


| ee! became the domineering religion oO 


upying a commanding position. 
ranck North, Mem, (1821) p. ix, Lofty domi- 
Bo oh Rill that over top'd the su ve shady dales, 


Hence Dominee'ringly adv.; Dominee‘ring- 
ness 
1684, 


H. More Answer Che He could not: so domi- 
neeringly. Blackw. Mag. XLVIL. 150 ‘That. is the 
objection to Charles J, as a tragedy .. because too domi- 
preg | political. ‘ig ‘Spectator % Nov., A man boiling 
over with energy and domineerin; 
Uf L. domini-um 


Dominial (‘omivnial), 2 
lordship + -au.] Of or ortaielag to ownership. 
Cuampers Cyc. s.v. Offices, Venal offices are sub- 
divided into two kinds ; viz., dominial and casual.—Domi- 
nial, or offices in fee, are those absolutely torn off, and 
separated from the King's ive, so as not to become 
vacant by death, but passing in the nature of a fee, or 


inheritance. Westm, Rev, No. 33 Such a right 
chamene ae Wate Be | pe oe to a man 
ee ae ae 
+ Do‘minic, a. and sé. Ods. Dominican: 
ef. Sp. dominico Dominican, ] =Domiytcan. 
nite Pilgr. T. 129 in Thynne Animadv., The i 
thomas the aquin. Lecrin wor 8 wart, 


Hist. (ok: 2) 69 Reader among the 

Dominical (domi‘nikal), a. and ise ‘fad. med.L. 
dominical-is, in F. dominical (1417 in Hatz.- 
Darm.), f. L. dominie-us of or belonging to a lord 
or gg f. dominus lord. 


| scratched your face till it had been a 


the oases ina pastienlen year. 

‘The seven letters A, B,C, D, E, F, G are used in suc- 
cession to denote the first seven days of the year Jan. 1-7), 
and Pop dag p-remnen the next seven days, and so 


e.g., if the 3rd Jan bea Sunday, the dominical for 
the year is C. Leap Year has two inical let! one for 
the days erocetion eb. 245 


Feb. phot (or according to some, 
- ora tek the other for the rest of the year. 
yg for pre ouinsuen Hist, Eng. v. ii. (R.) me 
of our 446..the dominicall letter going 
— by 10. 1594 Biunpevi. Z-rerc. Be | vii. ea 7) 660 
hen 28 is the number of the Sunnes Circle, A is alwaies 
- Dominical Letter. 1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Dea 
‘ar Wks. u. 229/2 Some like Dominical Letters 
haath from the top to toe. 1868 Chambers’ E LI Ill. 
629 If the p testis | letter of a common year be G, F will 
be the dominical letter for the next year. 
ec. fig. (from the printing of the dominical letter 
in red, or larger type; cf. red-/etter day.) 

1632 Massincer Emperor East 1. ii, At what times of the 
year He may do a good deed for itself, and that is Writ in 
dominical letters. 1644-7 CLEVELAND "Char. Lond. Diurn. 
6 ror a all Cromwells Nose weares the Dominicall Letter. 


1651 Ranxvotrn, etc. Hey for Honesty w. be Should have 
a and as 


full of red letters as any Pond's Al 
II. In legal and other uses. 

+ 3. Belonging to a demesne or domain (mest. 
dominicum]; domanial. Oés. 

1540-1 Exyor Ima, ria (1556) 159 He. Pageon sd enter. 
laced his dominical with their servile possessions. 
1640 SoMNER erp Canterb. 310 Which... by and 
under the name of 

+ 4. Of or pertaining toan n absolute lord despotic. 

1644 H. Parker Fus Pop. 37 That Dominicall-power. .is un- 
naturall: the very definition of i it pape the slave utterly 
disinherited of h If and sole ends. 
Lbid., Uf this condition did justify Dominicall. rule. 

. Pertaining to a Domine or schoolmaster; 
Cc. monce-use. 
peda ay esgeall W. III. iv. 58 The schoolmaster 
ale down the violator of the dominical sanctity. 
OMINICAN, rare, 


1600 E. Biount tr. Ci oat Least Bs See eaten 
.-to follaw the advise of the 


Fryers. 

B. sé. [In sense 1, ad. med.L. dominicile, -alis : 
see Du Can 

+1. EZeel. A garment or veil for Sundays ; Spec. 

a veil worn by women when receiving Com- 


munion. Oés. 


ewer & Harding (R.) Wee decree that 

pm foo Boy dooth ae her domi- 

bag ot Cuamuers Cyc. s.v., The yoy Auxerre, 
their dominical. 


Poy Short for Dominical letter : see A.2b. Obs. 
1588 Snaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 44 Let me not die your debtor, 


My red Dominicall, my letter. 1686 Pior Sta/- 
Sordsh. 42% ir day 
+3. ‘The Lord’s eerck wae a church. Oés. 3d 
AUDEN Tears Then began Christian 
Cheece tories, or 00 out-shine the Temples 
of the Heathen Gods. 

+4. The Lord’s day, Sunday. Oés. 

1628 Jackson Creed 1x. xxiv. 83 ay we Christians then 
call the Friday before Easter the Oe Oe ee 
the dominical next after it, t Sabbath? 1673 Otry 
Pref. to Fackson's Wks. Seb z, 1. 27 Matter proper for 
every domini 


5. ‘One who observes the Lord's Day, but does 


not treat it as representing the Sabbath « of the Old 

Testament: oj Sos = ‘arian. 5 
ESSEY ‘ard . These Domini 

ihe, argue the La udeaibess Ox Dive 


Domingo 

St. Dominic, the founder of an order of 
friars : cf. F. dominicain.] ; 

A. adj: Of or ing to St. Dominic or to 
the order of friars (and nuns) founded by him. 
1680 Wises = Narrative of the Fei i 
of the D of theC aay 
preaching Cyel. ~ —— 


DOMINICANESS. 


dominican influence). 1885 Catholic Dict. 279/1 In Ireland 
«Seven convents of Dominican nuns. 

_  B. sb. A friar of the order founded by St. 
Dominic; a Black friar. 

a@ 1632 WEEVER (Mason) Their rule and habit was much- 
what like that of the Dominicans. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's 
Hist. Ref. 1. 259 The Dominicans, who taught the strictest 
doctrines .. had the right to enforce them by means of fire 
and sword. #) 

Hence Domi‘nicane:ss, a Dominican nun. 

1857 G. Ouiver Coll. Cath. Relig. in Cornwall, etc. 65 
Two or three Dominicanesses of the third Order. 

+ Domrinicide. Ods. rare-°, [ad. late L. 
dominicida, f. L. domin-us master: see -CIDE.] a. 
One who kills a master. b. Murder of a master. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dominicide, he that kils his Mas- 
ter. 1847 in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts, 

Dominie (dy'mini). Alsodomine. [The same 
word as Domine, the final pronounced ¢ being 
written -ze, as in vernacular words. ] 


1. A schoolmaster, pedagogue. (Now chiefly Sc.) 
1612 Zwo Noble K. 1. iii, But will the dainty Domine, 
the Schoolemaster keep touch. 1681 Otway Soldiers Fort. 
mi. i, Wks. 1728 I. 32 Why, who am I, good Sir Dominie 
Doddle-pate? 1826 Disrazit Viv. Grey 1. vi, He then 
walked to the door and admitted the barred-out Dominie. 
~ Scotr Gry M. Introd., Dominie Sampson..a poor, 
modest, humble scholar, who has won his way through the 
classics.. But there is a far more exact prototype of the 
worthy Dominie, 1870 LoweLt Study Wind: 129 The 
dominie spirit has become every year more obtrusive and 
intolerant in Mr. C.’s_ writing. 
b. The (male) keeper of a boarding-house or 
Dame’s house for oppidans at Eton. 

1827 J. Evans Excurs. Windsor 352 The oppidans are 
boarded at private houses; and the title of Domine and 
Dame, the presiding masters and mistresses have immemo- 
rially enjoyed. 1865 W. L. C. Evoniana viii. 132 Formerly 
these houses were .. kept by ‘Dames’ or ‘Dominies’.. 
though now the term ‘Dame’ applies to all without refer- 
ence to sex. ; 

2. In U.S., the title of a pastor of the Dutch 
Reformed Church (more historically spelt DommNE 
q-v.) ; whence in New York, New Jersey, etc., ex- 
tended colloquially to ministers or parsons of other 
churches. (Commonly pronounced, after Dutch, 
d6"-mini. ) ; 

1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. (1849) 439 There are two family 
oracles, one or other of which Dutch housewives consult .. 
the dominie and the doctor. 1839-40 — Wolfert’s R. (1855) 
15 An elder might be seen .. apparently listening to the 
dominie. | 1887 Hazarp Mem. F. L, Diman iii. 43. 

Dominion (domi‘nyon).  [a. obs. F. dominion 
(in Godef.), ad. L. type *dominion-em, deriv. of 
domini-um property, ownership, f. domin-us lord.] 

1. The power or right of governing and con- 
trolling; sovereignauthority; lordship, sovereignty; 
rule, sway ; control, influence. 

©1430 Lypc. 7hedes 11. (R.), To haue lordship, or domi- 
nioun, In‘ the bounds of this little toun. FAasyan 
Chron.1. vi. 12 She gaue ouer y® rule and domynion to hym. 
1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 29 These Moguls .. got the 
Dominion of these Countries, 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 500 
P 2 Nothing is more gratifying to the mind of man than 
power or dominion. 1867 Freeman N.C. (1876) I. iv. 215 
Foreign dominion in any shape would soon become hateful. 

Jig. 1538 Starkey Engi 1. ii, 6x Fortune .. hath grete 
domynyon and rule in al vtward thyngys. 1582 N. T. 
(Rhem.) Row. vi. 9 Death shal no more haue dominion 
(Wyct. lordschip, Tinpae, etc. power] ouer him. 1751 
Jounson Rambler No, 184% 7 Exempting them from the 
dominion of chance. x1 owett Plato (ed. 2) III. 179 For 
ages physicians have n under the dominion of pre- 
judices. 

2. a. The lands or domains of a feudal lord. 
b. The territory owned by or subject to a king or 
ruler, or under a particular government or control. 
Often in A/. 

Dominion of Canada (colloq. ‘the Dominion’), the title 
under which the former colonial provinces of Upper and 
Lower Canada, etc., in British North America, were united 
into one saw in 1867. The Old Dominion, a popular 
name in U.S. for Virginia. 

1stz Act 4 Henry VIII, c.10 The Domynyons Honours 
Castelles Parkes .. that late were to Edwarde Courteney. 
1548 Hatt Chron., Henry VI (an. 14) 130 The whole 
dominion of Fraunce, betwene the rivers of Soame and 
Marne. 1605 Saks. Lear. i. 180 If. .Thy banisht trunke be 
found in our Dominions, The moment is thy death. 1725 
De For Voy. round World (1840) 2x The King of Spain 
had allowed the king of France’s subjects a free trade in 
his American dominions. bx . P. Kennepy Swadlow B. 
(1860) 13, I have really reac! the Old Dominion. 1840 
Macau ay Ess., Clive (1887) 529 The wide dominion of the 
Franks was severed into a thousand pieces. 1867 Act 30 
§ 31 Vict. c. 3. § 3 The Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, 
and New Brunswick shall form and be One Dominion 
under the Name of Canada. 

Jig. 1654 WnuitLock Zootomia 414 The Dominions of 
Pen-men are of far larger extent than those of Sword-men. 
x8ar Suettey Prometh, Und. u. v. 86 Thy spirit lifts its 
pinions In music’s most serene dominions. 

3. Law. Ownership, property; right of possession. 
[=dominium in Rom. Law. 

1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xvi. 81 The Right of possession, 
is called Dominion. 1682 Evats Grotius’ War & Peace 78 
We must search into the rise or beginning,of propuety, 
which Lawyers call Dominion. 1 i ini 
{see Eminent 5]. 1774 T. Jerrerson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 
I, 138 Our Saxon ancestors held their lands .. in absolute 


dominion, unencumbered with any superior. 1832 Austin 
Furispr. (1879) 1. go. 1885 Law Times 28 Mar. 386/r 


597 


Negligent dealing with goods by a bailee, which does not | 
amount to the assertion of any dominion over them. | 
+b. AS Power or right. once-use. Obs. | 

«1797 H. WaLrote Mem. Geo. IT (1847) II. viii. 257 The 
King, during the whole conversation, seemed to leave open 
his dominion of saying or unsaying hereafter. 

4. =Domination 3. (Usually in £7.) 

(1539 Brste (Great) Zh. i. 21 Aboue all rule, and_ power, 
and might and domynion [TinpALE dominacion]. 1611 
Brste Cod. i. 16 All things created..visible and inuisible, | 
whether they be thrones or dominions [Vulg. dominationes, 
LXX xvupt6rntes], or principalities, or powers. ] 1667 Mitton 
P. L. u. 11 Powers and Dominions, Deities of Heav’n. 
ax71t Ken Hyminotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 200 Dominions | 
for supream Commands decreed. aes 

5. atirib., as Dominion act. Dominion day, in | 
the Dominion of Canada, the 1st of July, observed | 
as a general holiday in commemoration of the union | 
of the provinces, etc., under that name in 1867. | 

1877 Daily News 3 Nov. 6/6 In violation of the Dominion 
Act regarding the importation of cattle from prohibited | 
countries. 1892 W Pike Barren Ground N. Candda 167 
The loyal Canadians. .were..celebrating the anniversary of 
Dominion Day, with much rye whisky. : 

Hence + Domi‘nion v., to exercise dominion, to 
tule; Domi‘nionless a@., having no dominion. 

1647 Pol. Ballads (1860) I. 35 We shall have .. But few 
folks, and poor, to dominion o'er. 1845 Blackw. Mag. 
LVI. 523 Dominionless over our sympathy. 

| Dominium. A Latin term of the Roman 
Law, variously rendered lordship, ownership, 
property, demesne, domain, dominion; but often 
retained in L, form in legal use. 

1823 in Crass Zechnol. Dict. 1861 W. Bewt. Dict. Law 
Scot. 300 The interest vested in the superior is called the 
dominium directwm, or superiority. . The vassal’s interest... 
is termed the dominium utile, or the property. 

Domino (dgmino). 7’. dominoes. [a. F. 
domino (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) ‘a kind of hood, 
or habit for the head, worne by Cannons; (and 
hence) also, a fashion of vaile vsed by some women 
that mourne’ (Cotgr.): cf. Sp. domzno a masque- 
rade garment. 

Du Cange cites domino in L. context, in the sense of a 
covering of the head and shoulders worn by priests in 
winter: ‘utantur..caputio vulgariter ung Domino’, ‘capu- 
tium seu Domino panni nigri’. Derived in some way from 
L. dominus; Darmesteter suggests from some L. phrase, 
such as denedicamus Domino. According to Littré, sense 4 
came from the supposed resemblance of the black back of 
each of the pieces to the masquerade garment.] 

1. A kind of loose cloak, app. of Venetian origin, - 
chiefly worn at masquerades, with a small mask 
covering the upper part of the face, by persons 
not personating a character. 

1719 Free-Thinker No. 138 ® 6 Thersites .. instead of 
covering Himself with a Domine, dresses .. in the Habit of | 
a Running Foot-man. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), Domino. .the 
habit of a Venetian nobleman, very much in use at our 
modern masquerades. 1744 Lapy M.W. Montacu Let. fo | 
W. Montagu 25 Mar., | went inadominoto the ball,a masque | 
giving opportunity of talking in a freer manner than [etc. ]. 
1770 Map. D’Arsiay Early Diary (1889) 1. 66 Miss Strange 
had a white satin Domino trimmed with blue. 1841 Lever 
C. O’ Malley (Rtldg.) 407 The domino which serves for mere 
concealment, is almost the only dress assumed. 

b. Sometimes applied to the half-mask itself. 

(1837 Syp. Smitn Ballot Wks. (Longm.) 778 Why not vote 
in a domino, taking off the vizor to the returning officer only?] 
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, [llusions Wks. (Bohn) II. 442 
The masquerade is at its height. Nobody drops his domino. 

e. fig. 

1836-9 Dickens S%. Boz (1850) 266/1 Reserve .. is a bad 
domino which only hides what good, people have about 
’em, without making the bad look better. 1870 Disrae.i 
Lothair \xxvii, As for Pantheism, it is Atheism in domino. 
1875 Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims, Quot. & Orlg. Wks. 
(Bohn) III. 221 John Wilson—who .. writes better under 
the domino of ‘ Christopher North’. 

2. A person wearing a domino. 

1749 Fiecpinc Von Yones xu. vii, Jones. .applied to the 
Domino, begging and intreating her to shew him the lady. 
1866 Howe ts lenet.Life viii, Motley company,—dominoes, 
harlequins, pantaloni, illustrissimi and illustrissime. 

3. a. One of a number of rectangular pieces 
(usually 28) of ivory, bone, or wood, having the 
under side black, and the upper equally divided by 
across line into two squares, each either blank 
or marked with pips, so as to present all the possible 
combinations from double blank to double six. 
(Sometimes the pieces have more pips, and are 
more in number accordingly.) b. f/. (rarely sing.) 
A game played with these pieces, (usually) by 
placing corresponding ends in contact as long as 
this can be done, the player who has the lowest 
number of pips remaining being the winner. 

x80r Strutt Sports § Past. 1. ii. § 18 Domino .. a very 
childish sport, imported from France a few years back. 
1831 Disraett Yug. Duke v. i. (L.), The menservants were 
initiated in the mysteries of dominoes. | 1835 Loner. Outre- 
Mer Prose Wks. 1886 I. 119 His favorite game of domino. 
1870 Modern Hoyle 92 One of the players draws a domino, 

e. pl. A game at cards, in which the cards as 
played out are laid in rows or heaps according to 
the suits, those of each suit following in their 
arder; the player who first gets rid of all his cards 
is the winner. 


d. interjectionally : (see quots.). 


DON. 


1882 VV. 4 Q. 25 Mar. 229/2 Probably most Londoners 
have often heard *bus conductors cry ‘Domino’ when 
an omnibus is ‘full in and out’. 189r Farmer Slang, 
Domino, an ejaculation of completion: e. g. for sailors and 
soldiers at the last lash of a flogging: also, by implication, 
a knock-down blow, or the last of a series, From the call 
at_the end of a game of dominoes. : 

5. A workman’s ticket or ‘check’ given up on 
entering a factory. 

1884 Leisure Hour Sept. 530/1 Every-man is provided 
with a number stamped on a small block of wood called 
a domino. | . 

6. attrib., as domino-box; domino pool, a variety 
of the game of dominoes, in which a stake is placed 
in the pool (A/od. Hoyle, 1870, 101). 

1849 Lytton Cartons 19 A beautiful large domino-box in 
cut ivory, painted and gilt. ; : 

Hence Do‘minoed a., wearing a domino. 

1885 B. Harte Marja iii, Groups of dominoed mas- 
queraders. 1891 Blackw. Mag. Jan. 46. 

Domitable (dpgmitab'l), a. rare. [f. L. do- 
mitare (see next) +-BLE.] Tamable. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. ww. viii. 369 The other are 
by their very nature more domitable. 1836 /oreign Q. Rev. 
XVII. 166 The carnivorous tribes he finds less domitable. 

+Do-mitate, v. Obs. rave—°. [f. ppl. stem of 
L. domitire, freq. of domare to tame.) 

1623 CockrraM 11, To Tame, mancipate, domitate. 

Domite (dé"mait). Adu. [f. Puy de Dédme 
in Auvergne.] A light-grey variety of trachyte. 

1828 WessTer cites Puituirs. 1835 Penny Cycl. III. 
158/2 The Puys de Déme, formed of a particular kind of 
rock, which has thence been named domite. 1879 RuTLEY 
Study Rocks xii. 226 The name domite.. has been applied 
to trachytes which contain a high percentage of silica. 

Hence Domi'tie a., composed of domite. 

1858 G. P. Scrore Geol. Centr. France (ed. 2) 67 Vhe origin 
of all these domitic hills. 188x Jupp Volcanoes v. 126. 

+ Domition. Oés. rave—°. [n. of action f. L. 
domare (domit-unt) to tame.] So Do'miture. 

1656 BLount Glossogy., Domition or Domiture (domitura), 
a taming or breaking. [Bat-ry has Domation, domature.] 

+ Domle, v. Obs. xare. [Etymol. unknown.] 
intr. *To be dull or cloudy’ (Stratmann). 

1340 Hampore 7’». Consc. 1443 Now es be wedir bright 
and shynand, And now waxes it alle domland. 

Domm, -e, obs. forms of Dump. 

Dommage, obs. form of DaMaGE. 

+Dommagie. Ods. By-form of Damace. 

1556 Aurelio & [sab. (1608) F vj, Nether for feare nor for 
dommagie. /d7d. K iij, We do not resave anne dommagie. 

Dommegeable, obs. form of DAMAGEABLE. 

Dommerer, obs. var. DUMMERER. 

Dompc(e, obs. var. Damp, Dump. 

Dom Pedro: see Dom! 3. 

Dompnation, obs. form of Domination. 

Dompne, obs. form of Dom, or DoMINE. 

@1536 Anne Botryn in Wood Lett. Roy. §& Lllusir. 
Ladies 1.191 One dompne John Eldmer, ; ‘ 

+ Bompt, v. Ods.  [a. I. dompte-v, in OF} 
danter, donter, later domter:—L. domitare to ovef- 
come, subdue, tame: adoublet of Daunr.] ¢rans. 
To tame, subdue, reduce to subjection; = Davunt 
v.; also zutr. (for refi.). 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x1. iii, His evyll herte myght 
not dompte ne make hym leve hys folye. ¢ 1489 — Blan- 
chardyn \i. 196 He dompted and subdewed them. 

Hence Do‘mpter, subduer, tamer. 

1673 O. Watker Educ. (1677) 250 Old Age—that great 
dompter and mortifier of our passions. 

Domy (do"mi), a. [f. Dome sb.+-y.] Having 
a dome or domes ; dome-like. 

7833 Ruskin in Atheneum 26 Dec. (1891) 857/3 A thing 

f the domy firmament. 1890 Vemfle Bar Mag. 11 Sept., 
Cool summer palace and domy mosque. 

Don (dgn), s4.1 Also 6 doen, done. [a. Sp. 
don :—L. domin-um master, lord.] 

1. A Spanish title, prefixed to a man’s Christian 
name. ; 

Formerly confined to men of high rank, but now applied 
in courtesy to all of the better classes. ' 

1523 Wotsey in S¢. Papers VI. 119 The Archiduke 
Don Ferdinando. 1568 Grarton Chroz. 11. 313 Done 
Peter King of Spaine. x59 SHAks. 720 Gent. 1. ill. 39 
Don Alphonso, With other Gentlemen of good esteeme. 
1724 T. Ricners Hist. R. Geneal. Spain 92 This prince 
[Pelayus] was the first, to whom was given the Title of Don, 
which till then, they gave only to saints. 1838 Prescotr 
Ferd. & Is. xvi. (Cent.), The title of Don, which had not 
then been degenerated into an appellation of mere courtesy. 


+b. By extension: often humorous. Ods. 

1588 Suaks. Z. LZ. L. ut. i, 182 This signior Junios gyant 
dwarfe, don (Qo. dan] Cupid. Much Ado v. ii. 
86 If Don worme (his conscience) find no impediment to 
the contrarie, 1619 Pasguil’s Palin. (1877)152 Don Constable 
in wrath appeares. @1659 CLEVELAND London Lady 17 
Don Mars, the great Ascendant on the Road. 

ce. Don Diego, a name for a Spaniard (cf. Dirco); 
hence, t Don Diego v., to cheat or ‘do’ (ods.). Don Juan, 
the name of a legendary Spanish nobleman whose dissolute 
life was dramatized by Gabriel Tellez in his Convivado de 
Piedra; the name was adopted in various popular imitations 
of this play and by Byron in his well-known poem; a rake, 
libertine, roué; hence, Don Jua‘nic, Don Ju‘anish 
adjs,, and Don Ju‘anism. Don Pedro (see sense 6). 
Don Quixote, the hero of a Spanjsh romance by Cervantes, 
who, from his attempt to be a knight-errant as described in 
the books of chivalry, has become the type of any one who 
attempts to do an absurdly impossible thing or to carry 


DON. 


out an impossible ideal; hence, Don Quixote v., Don 
otism: see also Quixotic, etc. 

1607 Wesster Hist. Sir 7. Wyat Wks. 1830 II. 298 
A Dondego is a kind of Spanish stockfish, or poor John. 
¢ 1626 Dick of Devon x. iv. in Bullen O. PZ. IL. 39 Now 
Don Diego. .or Don Divell, I defye thee. 1674 [Z. Cawprey] 
Catholicon 18 The furious zeal of persons Don-Quixotted in 
Religion. 1709 Sreeve Tatler No, 31 ?8 Why you look as 
if you were Don Diego’d to the Tune ofa Thousand Pounds, 
1719 De For Crusoe u. xiii, The state he [a Chinaman of 
position) rode in was a perfect Don Quixoteism being a mix- 
ture of pomp and poverty. a 1845 Hoop 7. of Trumpet 
xxx, The most Don Juanish rake. 1855 THackeray NVew- 
comes (1879) I1. xx. 236(Stanf.) It was the man whose sweet- 
heart this Don uan 4 -deserted. 1882 Stevenson Fam, 
Stud. 55 It is the punish of Don Juani: P 

2. A Spanish lord or gentleman ; a Spaniard. 

1610 B. Jonson Alch. im. iii, A doeghty, don is taken with 
my Dol. 1659 Drvpen Ox Cromwell xxiii, The light Mon- 
sieur the grave Don outweighed. 1797 Netson 13 Jan. in 
Nicolas Dis. (1845) II. 326, I hailed the Don, and told him, 
‘This is an English Frigate’. 1880 Tennyson Revenge iv, 
I never turn’d my back upon Don or devil yet. 

3. ¢ransf. A distinguished man ; one of position 
or importance; a leader, first class man. Also 
(collog. and dial.) attrid., and in phrase a don at 
something, i.e. an adept. 

a 16% Ranpoten A myntas 1. v. Wks. (1875) 306 This is 
aman of skill, an (Edipus, Apollo, Reverend Phoebus, Don 
of Delphos. 1665 Drypen /ndian Emp. Epil. 21 The great 
dons of wit. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 466 Quota- 
tions from _the old dons of Greece. 1833 in W’estm. Rev. 
Apr. 445 One of the men .. was what was called a ‘don 
workman’. 1854 Cham. ¥rni. I1. 280 A don at cricket. 

4. Hence, in the colloquial language of the Eng- 
lish universities: A head, fellow or tutor of a col- 
lege. 

-1660 Soutu Serm. 29 July (1843) I]. 88 The raving 
insolence which those spiritual dons from the pulpit were 
wont to show [at Oxford]. 168: THorEespy Diary (Hunter) 
I. 109 Sermons .. against Arminianism, whereat many dons 
were offended. 1726 Amuerst Jerre Fil. v. 20 The 
reverend dons in Oxford are already alarm'’d. 1882 Besant 
Revolt of Man vii. (1883) 164 The few left were either the 
reading undergraduates or the dons, 1888 Burcon Lives 


598 


fi ces for Dofia Beatriz the new marryed 
@ 1674 in tev e Wks. (1884) VILL. 513 Was there never 
a Dona in all Spain worthy your ki 3S? 1840 Loner. 


1873 Slang Dict., Dona and feeles, a woman and children. 
1875 Atheneum 24 Apr. 545 A circus man almost always 
speaks of a circus , not as a , but a dona. 
1887 Farrett How He Died 62 Blokes and donahs. .of the 
foulest sluins. 1894 Vel/ow Bk. 1. 79 The little doner. 

Donable, a. rare, (ad. L. dondbilis, f. 
donare to present, DONATE. 

1727 Baivey vol. 11, Donxad/e, that may be given. 

Don (ddwnari). [ad. L. dondri-um reposi- 
tory of offerings, offering, f. donum gift.] A gift or 
donation ; a votive offering. 

1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Luke xxi. 5 The Temple .. was 
adorned with goodly stones and donaries. 1621 BuRToN 
Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 57 Hospitals so built and 
maintained, not by ‘collections, benevolences, donaries. 
1699 Bentiey Phad. iii. 125 Were not Cups frequently 
among the Donaries presented to the Gods? = J. Brome 
Trav. Eng. & Scot. ii. (1707) 53 There have been several 
Donaries conferred upon it [College] both in Exhibitions 
and Scholar-ships. Wuarton Law Lex., Donary,a 
thing given to sacred uses, 1862 F. Haut in Frni. Asiat. 
Soc. Bengal 7 The kings..granted away land .. by way of 
local donaries. 

Donat, var. of Donet, Oés. 

Donatary. [ad. med.L. type *dondtarius (in 
F. donataire), {. L. donat- ppl. stem of dénare to 
present: see -ARY.] The donee or receiver of a 


' gift or donation; a Donatory: spec. in Sc. Law. 


12 Gd. Men V1. x. 242 An introduction to two Oxford dons. * 


+5. =Dan!, Dom! 2. Obs. rare. 

1600 Chester Pl. Proem i, The devise of one done 
Rondall, moonke of Chester abbe. 

6. More fully, Don Pedro, a game at cards. 

The players are divided into two sides and have 6 or 5 
cards each; the points scored in one game are 23 :—one each 
for High, Low, and Jack of trumps, 5 for Game (i. e. for 
the side which at the end of the game scores the highest 
total from the cards won by them, counting 10, 4, 3, 2 and 1 
for a ten, ace, king, queen and knave respectively’, also 4, 
3,2 and 1 respectively for the ace, king, queen and knave 
of trumps, and 5 for the five or Don. 

1873 Sdang Dict., Don Pedro..was probably invented by 
the mixed English and Irish rabble who fought in Portugal 

“in 1832-3. 

Hence Dovndom, Do'nhood, Do‘nlike a., Do'nly 
a., Donness, all nonce-wds. from sense 4. 

1797 Mrs. A, M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) II. 122 
The don was in..a truly don-like rage. 1865 Sat. Rev. 
4 Feb. 143 In the glory of early donhood at the Univer- 
sities. 1891 Ronen Noet Byron 64 Juvenile verses against 
Cambridge Dondom. 1893 Nat. Observer 20 May 12/2 A 
very donly Don. 1895 /ézd. 2 Mar. 432/1 Englishwomen 
‘who are fairly familiar with Middle English’ (who, beyond 
the range of donnesses, may probably be counted on fingers). 

+ Don, sd.2 Ods. rare. [a. F. don :—L. din-um, 
gift.] A donation, gift. 

1524 St. Papers Hen, VIII, V1. 223 Whose assum 
undoubtedly worthy to be reputed a don and gift of God. 

Don (den), v.! arch. [contracted from do on: 
see Do v. 48. 

After 1650 retained in popular use only in north. dial.; asa 
literary archaism it has become very frequent in 19th c.] 

1. trans. To put on (clothing, anything worn, 
etc.). The opposite of Dorr. 

1567 Turnery. Ovid's Ep. 109 b, Do'n hornes And Bacchus 
thou shalt be. 1602 Suaxs. //ay. 1v. v. 52 Then vp he rose, 
& don'd his clothes. 1613-16 W. Browne rit. Past. u. 
iv. (R.), In Autumne..when stately forests d’on their yellow 
coates. 1621 A se org A oe gear & P. (1678) 84 Up Argalus, 
and d’on thy uptial weeds. a1764 Liovp Henriade (R.), 
Mars had donn'd his coat of mail. 1828 Scorr /. AZ. 
Perth vi, My experience has been in donning steel gauntlets 
on mailed knights. 1861 T. A. Trottore La Beata Il. 
xii. 61 To shut up his studio, and don his best coat. 1879 
Dixon Windsor I. iii. 23 She donned the garment of a nun. 

2. transf. To dress (a person) zz a garment; 
refi. to dress oneself. Chiefly north. dial. 

1801 R. Anperson Cumberid. Ball. 17 Sae doft oy clogs, 
and don thysel. 1845 E. Bronte Wuthering Heights xix, 
Joseph was donned in his Sunday garments. 

Hence Donning w6/. sé. 

1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 161 Too much of donning and 
doffing. 1888 E.wortny WW’. Somerset Word-bk., Donnings, 
Sunday clothes, also finery. 

+ Don, v.2 Ods. [Related to Din v.]  zntr, To 
resound, ring with sound; = DIN z. 1. 

-axgoo Sir Beues (1886) 163 (MS. E.) Al pe castel donyd 
and rong. 1483 Festivad? (1515) 73 b, A man sholde unneth 
here his folowe speke for donnynges of strokes. 

m, var. form of Dun, Down. 

Don, obs. pres. inf. and pa. pple. of Do z, 

| Donia (donva), dona (dona). [Sp. dofa, 
*6- dona :-L. domina mistress, lady.] 

. A (Spanish or Portuguese) lady. 


Also pre- 
fixed to the name as a title of courtesy. 


ion is | 


1818 H. T. CoLesrooke Od/ig. & Contr. I. 252 The giver’s 
preference of the donatary before his heir or presumptive suc- 
cessor. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot., Donatary..In prac- 
tice, the term is applied exclusively to the person to whom 
the Crown makes a gift, as of escheat, «/timus heres, or the 
like. 1876 D. Gorrie Summ. & Wint. in Orkneys ii. 70 One 
of the ravenous race of crown donataries. 

Donate doné't), v. (Chiefy U.S.) [f. L. 
donat- ppl. stem of dénare to present, f. don-um.] 

1. trans. To make a donation or gift of; hence, 
vulgarly (in U.S.), to give, bestow, grant. 

1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. vii. (ed. 2) 172 The 
sixteenth [section] is ‘donated’ by Congress for the Support 
of common schools. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 324 Under 
the former tenure, all lands, to whomsoever donated, were 
revocable at will. 1880 Murrneap U/pian vi. § 9 Retentions 
out of a dowry are competent .. on account of things 
donated, or on account of things abstracted. 

2. To present (a person, ete.) with somerieg. 

1862 Trottore NV. Amer. 1. 197 Soldiers returning from 
the Mexican wars were donated-with warrants for land. 

Donatee’. [f. as prec. + S| One to whom 
aoteetaeg is given ; a recipient of a donation. 

1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 11. 110 Some noble Protes- 
tant Donatees. 1853 M. Kexty tr. Gosselin's Power Pope 
II. 157 From being..a donatee, you can become a donor, 

Donater, obs. f. DonarTor. 

+ Dona‘tian. Ods. = Donatist, 

1627 W. ScLater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 252 As Donatians 
thought. 

Donation (dond‘fan). [a. F. donation, ad. L. 
donation-em, n. of action f. dondre to present. 

1. The action or faculty of giving or presenting ; 
presentation, bestowal ; grant. 

1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. xii. 1207 De kyng..Mad til 
Saynct Serf donatyowne Of pat Inch.  c 1gag (title) A 
Treatyse of the donation or gyfte and endowment of 


ssessyons, gyuen and graunted vnto 7 Sg pope of 
Rhe 1597 Hooker Fec/. Pol. v. \xii, 


ome, by Constantyne. A 
$19 The of Baptisme commeth by donation from God 
alone. Mitton P. L. xu. 69 That right we hold By 


his donation. 1894 J. T. Fow.er Adamnan Introd. 65 
Who. .made to him a donation of the island of Iona. 
b. spec. The action or right of bestowing or 

conferring a benefice ; the ‘ gift’ 

1540 Act 32 Hen. VII1,c. 44 The aduouson, donacion and 

resentacion of the said vicarage shall gy oe the 
k ges hyghnesse. 1724 Swirt Drafier’s Lett. Wks. 1755 

. 1. 145 Many principal church livings are in the donation 
of the crown. 1785 Patey Mor. Philos. (1818) 11. 222 The 
offices in the donation of the king. 

2. Law. The action or contract by which a 
person transfers the ownership of a thing from him- 


self to another, as a free gift. 

1651 W. G. tr. Cowel's /nst. 106 In Lands .. A Feoffment 
is of a Fee simple to the Donee or Feoffee, and a Donation 
or Gift is of an Estate taile. 1765 Brackstone Comm. 1. iii. 
(1793) 264 King William, fener Mary, and queen Anne, 
did not take the crown by hereditary right or descent, but 
by way of donation or purchase, as the lawyers call it. 
1818 ruise Digest (ed. 2) 1.5 A feud was a tract of land 
held by a voluntary and gratuitous donation, on condition 
of fidelity and certain services. 

3. That which is presented; a gift. 

1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 960 They. .had a dona- 
tyon giuen vnto ech of them as it were a pleadge or earnest. 
1630 Sirens Anti-Armin, 120 It makes all t graces... 
not the absolute gifts, the free donations of God. | 1738-7 
tr. Aeysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 197 All the gifts a 


Chr. Life 
+o t 


DONATOR. : 
1860 Bartietr Dict. Amer., Donation Party, a party 
isting of the friend: oni addins aces 
clergyman assembled together, each individual bringing 
— ae ot fe eee See 
Ere wtageatod tra Hicataal betas ahaa 


bya 5 
Donatism (dp‘natiz’m). [f. as next + 1sM we 
med.L. Donatism-us).] The doctrine or principles 
of the Donatists. 
B Demonstr. Discip. (Arb. i + 

1588 J. pe be eo gpner - ) 64 It is a kind of 
. Jounson Clergym. Vade M.u. 188 A Feng 

rom Donat: 


‘ism. 

Donatist (dpnatist). Zccl. Hist. [ad. med.L. 
Donitista, f. Donatus: see below.]_ One of a 
sect of Christians which arose in North Africa 
in the Py 311, out of a dispute about the elec- 
tion of Czcilian as bishop of Carthage, in place 
of whom they elected Majorinus ; they maintained 
that their own party was the only true and 
church, and that the baptisms and ordinations of 
others were invalid. 

It is uncertain whether the name was derived from 
Donatus of Case Nigra, a leading supp jorinus, 
or from Donatus the Great, who succeeded Majorinus as 
bishop of Carthage. 

1460 Medulla in Cath. Angl. 104 note, Donatista, a 
donatiste [printed donatrice]: guedam heresis. 1549 Lati- 
MER 4th Serm. bef. Edw. VJ, (Arb.) 116 An other kynde 
of poysoned heretikes, that were called Donatistes. 
Pacitt Heresiogr. (1661) 68 The atists or Brownists 
agree in many things with the Donatists, who confined the 
holy Catholick Church to a corner of Africa, as the Brownists 
do confine the Church of God to their conventi 1873 
Rosertson Hist. Chr. Ch. (1874) 1. 176 note, At a later 
time, rebaptism of proselytes was practised by the Do- 
natists, 

b. attrib. or as Yd. 

1861 J. G. SHerrarp Fall Ronte vii. 372 The Donatist 
sectaries. 1885 Catholic Dict. 280 In 330 no less than 270 
Donatist bishops met in council. ‘ 

Hence Donati'stic, Donati'stical adjs., pertain- 
ing to Donatism or the Donatists; Donatistry 
= DonatisM (with implication of contempt). 

1564 Brief Exam.«x«» iv, This smelleth, .either of Dona- 
tistne or Papistrie. 1§8r Marseck Bé. of Notes 208 Both., 
are donatistical. 1645 Pacirr Heresiogr. (1647) Aiv b, The 
Donatisticall Brownists. 1828 Wester, Donatistic. 1889 
Farrar Lives Fathers 11. xvii. 514 The deplorable Dona- 


or vested by donation ; 54 to PRESENTATIVE. 


1559 in Strype Ann. Re App. viii. 22 Foundations of 
derchappake and other ae ecclesiasti: ba kings 
lycence, to be donatyve and not presentatyve. Guitum 


eraldry V1. iii. (1611) 260 To these donatiue augmentations 
of Armes I will adde certaine Armes assumptiue. 1765 

Biackstone Comm. 1. xi. 382 The deanery is donative, 
the installation merely by the king’s letters patent. 1875 
of a donative 


Br. Macer in Pari. 1 June, The holder 
living owes no obedi to his di i 
+2. ‘That is able or apt to give’ (Blount 


Glossogr. 1656). Obs. 
B. sé. 


lA donation, gift present; ¢sf. one given 
formally or officially, as a largess or bounty. 
¢ 1430 Lypcate Balade of our Ladie xi, O mirthe of mar- 


tyrs, sweter then Sitole of Confessours also richest donatife. 


1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 361b, The Graunt, 
& Donative of Ludovicus Pius. 1594 Hooker £ecé. Pol. 
u,v. §7 The R Emper s was at 
solemne times to bestow on his Souldiers a Donatiue. 1: 
oblations 


Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 17 The devout 
donatives of the fishermen. Moroan A fiers II, v. 313 
Francis I gave the Grand Master a ae R 


companied with a Princely Donative. Martineau 
Ch Vay e ; wees mite above 
vas! 


(1867) 171 [Christ ranked the 
donatives of vanity, 

2. spec. A benefice which the founder or patron 
can bestow without presentation to or investment 
by the ordinary. ; 

1564 Buuteyn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 83 He would faine 
haue a benefice or personage of some ie donatiue; he 
cannot get it at the Prot Staffordsh. 
297 The King can create or found a Donative exempt from 
the visitation of the ordinary. 1772 Warton & Huppesrorp 
Life Hearne 26 He was presented to the Donative or Cui 
of Elsfield near Oxford. 1877 J.C. Cox Ch. Derbysh, 11. 
84 This living was a donative, from the dissolution of the 
monasteries to the first year of Anne. 

+8. One who is presented to a benefice. Ods. 
rare, 

N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. . xxvii. (1739) 127 In 
Po Original, bi were rn finned the 
Crown, invested by delivery of the Ring and Pastoral Staff. 

Hence Dovnatively adv., by way of a donation. 

1827 G. S. Faner Orig. Exp. Sacr. 1. iii. 64 Donatively 
presenting. .sacri and vows and libations. 


donations. .amounted to no more than six 
1895 Daily News Dec. 3/6 The commissioners had 
anticipated that the donations would fall off. 

4. attrib.,as donation-governor, a person con- 
stituted a governor of an institution in considera- 
tion of a donation to its funds, > 


(1884) I, v. 93 The donator 
the Virgin. 
donator, 


DONATOR. 


Dornator 2. Sc. Also 6 -our, 7 -ar,-er. [ad. 
F. donataire or OF. donatotre=next.] He to 
whom a donation is made; a donatory or donee. 

c1575 Batrour Practicks (1754) 23 The Kingis donatour. 
1 oa Reg. Maj. 37 Giuen. .to the vse of the donatar. 
1636 W. MacvoweLL Assignation in J. Russell Haigs ix. 
(1881) 225 Ordains the said David Haig, his heirs and do- 
naters, my very lawful. .cessioners and assignees. 1859 Jas. 
Anpverson Ladies of Covenant 274 As donator to the forfeited 
estate of Coldwell, he pursued her for mails and duties. 

Donatory (dp‘natari). [ad. med.L. dondtord. 
us one to whom something is given (Du Cange), 
f. dondre: see -ory.] The recipient of a gift or 
donation ; a donatary. , 

1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 82 A gift..must come freely 
from the donour, and bee greatly to the good of the donatory 
or receiver, 18r0 Soutuey in Q. Rev. LV. 13 The donatories 
of crown preety were to pay a double tax. 1817 Chron. 
in Aun, Reg. 405 The Brazilian white man .. who draws his 
descent from the first donatory of a province. 1848 WHARTON 
Law Lex., Donatory, the person on whom the king bestows 
his right to any forfeiture that has fallen to the Crown. 

Dona‘trix. rare. [a. L. dondtrix, fem. of 
dondtor.| A female donor or donator. 

1668 Churchw. Acc. St. Margarets, Westm. (Nichols 
1797) 69 According to the will of the said Donatrix. 

+Donature. Ods. rare. [ad. L. *dondtiira, 
f. déndre to DonatE.] Donation. 

1629 J. Maxwe te tr. Herodian (1635) 344 Being obliged 
to him by Donatures and all manner of honors. 
Do-naught : see Do-novent. 

‘Donce, Donck, obs. ff. Dunce, Dank. 


+Dondaine, -dine. [a. OF. dom-, dondaine, 
of uncertain orig. (See Godef. and Hatz.-Darm. 
s.v. dondon.)] A warlike engine for casting stones, 
in use before firearms. 

1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. iii. (1544) 6a, Shot of arblast, nor 
on touche of dondine [rime attayne]. 

Done (dzn), A//. a. (sb.) [pa. pple. of Do w., 
q.v. for forms and participial uses. 

1. Performed, executed, accomplished, finished, 
ended, settled ; also, used up, worn out: see Do v. 

1435 Misyn Fire of Love 1. xxx. (1896) 65 Done synnes it 
hidys. 1665 Corton Poet. Wks. (1765) 136 She thought ’t 
would be a done Thing Soon. 1804 J. Larwoop No Gun 
Boats 29 What I’Eveque only contemplated as a remote 

robability, [he] now considers as a done thing. 1844 

ICKENS Christmas Carol iii, It was a done thing between 
him and Scrooge’s nephew. 1860 Gen. P. THompson Andi 
Alt, III. ci. 2 A done game. | 

b. adsol. That which is done or accomplished. 
1855 Browninc Last Ride Together, Contrast The petty 

Done, the Undone vast. 1872 Ruskin Arrows of Chace 
(1880) II, 208 The condemnation given from the judgment 
throne. . is all for the undones and not for the dones. 

+2. There was in ME. a curious use of done, in 
which it was nearly synonymous with 422 =‘ kind 
of’: thus many done, many kinds of, what done, 
‘what-kin ’, what sort of, At length, it took, like 
kin, a genitival s: thus, what-dones, what dons= 
‘whatkins’, cejus generis, of what kind of. Ods. 

(There is a certain parallelism between this and the 
MDu. use of the inf. doen (as of MLG. dén, dnt, MHG. 
tuon), which has the sense-development ‘doing, action, 
manner of doing, way of acting or being, manner, nature, 
wise, kind’, But in Eng. the stages by which the sense 
‘kind ' was reached are less clear.) 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 112 He askede, wat God [7rix, 
MS. what Idone god; Digsy MS. what manere god.} 
and wat ping Mercurius was. Alex. & Dind. 222 
We discorden of dede in many done binguus. Zd7d. 999 
Wibpb-oute diuerce dedus of many done pingus. 1377 LaNct. 
P.P1.B. xvin. 298 What dones man was Jhesus. a 1400-50 
Alexander 2906 Quat dones man ert pou? Jéid. 5167 Quat 

dons man ert pou?..and quat dos bou here. 

Done, adv. Sc. 2? Obs. Also 6. doyn, 8- doon, 
doons, dunge, [perh. adv. use of prec. ; but cf. 
Dooms.] Thoroughly, very, exceedingly. 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems Ixvi. 82 Bot sa done tyrsum it is 
to bydit. 1536 BettenpEen Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xliv, Thir 
mussillis ar sa see gleg of twiche and heryng. 1715 P. 
Many’s Truth's Trav. in Pennecuik's Poems 106 (Jam.) He 
was not thence so doons severe, 1825-80 JAmiEsoN S.v. Doyn, 
Doon weil, or dunze weil, very well. 

Done, obs. form of Down adz. : 

Donee (do'nz"). [f. stem of Don-or + -EE.] 
One to whom anything is given; esp. in Law, (a) 
one to whom anything is given gratuitously; (4) 
one to whom land is conveyed in fee tail ; (c) one 
to whom a ‘ power’ is given for execution. 

1523 FirzHers. Surv. 7b, This donee or this purchasoure 
shall take Kote Ea Krrcmn Courts Leet (1675) 218 
A Donee in tail. Futter Ch. Hist. vi. vii. § 16 Not 
sixty of the Kings Donees had sons owning their fathers 
estates. 1767 BLackstone Comm. II. vii. 110 If the donee 
died without such particular heirs, the land should revert to 
the donor. 1875 Maine Hist. ust. ii. 56 The Church, as 
the donee of pious gifts. 

Donek, obs. form of Dunnock, hedge-sparrow. 

t+ Do'net, donat. Obs. [a. OF. donet, donnat, 
ad. L. Déndtus.] The elementary grammatical 

treatise (Ars Grammatica) of Alius Donatus, a 
' grammarian of the 4th c.; an introductory Latin 

grammar ; hence, an introduction to, or the ele- 

ments of, any art, science, etc. 

13.. Senyn Sag.(W.) 181 Therinne was paint of Donet 
thre pars, And eke alle the seven ars. 1362 Lanci. P. Pl. 


599 


A. v. 123 Penne I drou3 me a-mong bis drapers my Donet 
toleorne. ¢1449 Pecock Donet into Cristen Relig. Introd., 
As the common donet berith himsilfe towards the full kun- 
nyng of Latyn, so this booke for Goddis laws. 1509 Hawes 
Past. Pleas. v.xxv, Dame Gramer..taught me..Fyrst my 
Donet and then my accidence. 1535 Jove Afol. Tindale 
47, I had nede go lerne my donate and accidence agen. 

. Comb. 1483 Cath. Angl. 104/1 A Donett lerner.. 
donatista, 

Doney, var. of DHonrEy. 

Dong (dn), v. [Echoic; expressing a sound 
of deeper tone than Dine.] 7zx¢7. To sound as 
a large bell. So Dong sd. (or without gramma- 
tical construction), an imitation of the deep sound 
of a large bell. (Cf. Dine, Dinc-ponc.) 

1587 FLeminc Contn. Holinshed U1. 1579/2 Where they 
might. .heare the donging of the belles as they hoong in the 
steeples. a 1882 Rossetti Ws. (1890) I. 343 And bells 
cing to bells that answer dong. 

iong(e, obs. form of Duna. 

Dong(e, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of Diye v,! 

|| Donga (dgnga). .S. Africa. [Native name.] 
A channel or gully formed by the action of water ; 
a ravine or watercourse with steep sides. 

1879 Daily News 20 June 5/6 A donga was safely crossed. 
A donga..would be called..in Scotland, a gully. 1893 
J. T. Bent Ruined Cities Mashonaland xii. 374 The 
culverts which they had made over the dongas. 

+Donge. 0és. A mattress. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 127/1 Donge, matrasse, culcitra, 
matracia, 1448 Bury Wills 12, j donge optimum. 1459 
Inv. in Paston Lett. No. 954 1. 485, J fedder-bedde, Item. 
j donge of fyne blewe. @1490 Botoner /¢7x. (Nasmith 
7 372 Quelibet femina elimosinaria habuit..1 donge. 

ongen, -eon, -eoun, obs. ff. DUNGEON. 

Donger, Donghel, obs. ff. Dancer, DUNGHILL. 

Dongola, in Dongola race: a race in which 
a punt or the like is propelled by paddling, by 
three or four pairs (usually male and female). 

1892 Pall MallG. 18 July 43/3 Canadian canoe race (lady 
and gentleman), dongola race (four ladies, four gentlemen). 
1894 Daily News 30 June 6/2 Dongola races for crews of 
eight gentlemen and mixed crews of four ladies and four 
gentlemen. /éid. 28 July 6/5 The Dongola Race (paddling 
in punts). .for crews of three ladies and three gentlemen. 

Dongon, -oun, obs. forms of DUNGEON. 

Doni, var. of DHoNEY. 

1803 R. Percivat in Naval Chron. X. 
donies employed in the fishery. 

+ Doni‘ferous, a. Obs. rare—°. 
gift: see -FEROUS.] 
Glossogr. 1656). 

Donjon (du:ndzan, dg:ndzgn), archaic spelling 
of DUNGEON, q.v.; now usual in sense 1, ‘The 
great tower or innermost keep of a castle’, to dis- 
tinguish it from the modern sense. 

1300-1690, 1808 [see DUNGEON 1]. 

Donk, dial. form of Dank. 


Donkey (dp'nki). Also 8-9 donky. [A recent 
word, app. of dialect or slang origin. 

As the original pronunciation apparently rimed with 
monkey (whence the spelling), suggestions have been made 
that the word is a deriv. of dux adj. (cf. dunnock hedge- 
speree or, more probably, a familiar form of Duncan (cf. 
the other colloquial appellations, Dicky, Neddy).] 

1. A familiar name for the ass. (Now in general 
use, exc. in scriptural or solemn language, and in 
Natural History.) 

1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Donkey or Donkey 
Dick, a he or Jack-ass._ 1793 Gen¢Z. ak 1. 1083 A Donky, 
or a Dicky, An ass. Essex and Suffolk.. 1804 Mrs. Bar- 
BauLD Ws, (1825) II. 113, I cannot tell whether my 
orthography is right, but a doxky is the monture in high 
fashion here [Tunbridge Wells]. a1819 Wotcort (P. Pindar) 
Wks, (1830) 116 Peter, thou art mounted on a Neddy; Or 
in the London phrase, thou Devonshire monkey, Thy 
Pegasus is nothing but a donkey. 1838 J. L. StepHENs 
Trav. Greece, etc. t 839) 37/1 Seven camels and the donkey 
were stowed in the bottom of the boat. 1859 Sata 72. 
round Clock (1861) 45 Costermongers’ ‘ shallows’, drawn by 
woe-begone donkies. 

2. transf. A stupid or silly person. 

1840 THackeray Shabby Genteel Story ix, ‘What a 
blubbering, abthurd donkey!’ said Cinqbars. 1862 Miss 
Yonce C'tess Kate xii. (1864) 212 You little donkey, you'll 
be off! 1878 Mrs. H. Woop Pomeroy Abd. 1. 254 What a 
donkey he must be. 

3. attrib. and Comb.: &. general, as donkey-back, 
(cf. horseback), -carriage, -cart, -chair, -path, -race, 
-track; donkey-breeding, -driver, -driving, -drub- 
ber, -riding ; donkey-drawn, -eared, -mad adjs. 

1837 J. L. Srernens Trav. Holy Land (Chambers) 116 
From there we started on *donkey-back. 1884 L, OLIPHANT 
Haifa (1887) 158 A favourite method of locomotion among 
the women, was donkey-back. 1894 77es 23 Mar. 3/2 The 
Queen .. went out in her *donkey-carriage this morning. 
1838 Dickens O. Twist xxi, *Donkey-carts laden wit 
vegetables. 1841 Lane Avad, Nis. 1. 61 Three *donkey- 
drivers, conveying the luggage of two British travellers, 
1875 J. H. Bennet Shores Medit. 1. vii. 189 The road from 
Castellare, a *donkey-track. : 

b. Special combs.: donkey-boy, a boy in 
charge of a donkey, or of a donkey-engine ; 
donkey-engine, a small steam-engine, usually for 
subsidiary operations on board ship, as feeding the 
boilers of the propelling engines, etc.; hence 
donkey-boiler ; Aonkey-man, a man in charge of 


26 Boats and 


[f. L. doneem 
‘That carries a gift’ (Blount 


DO-NOTHING. 


a donkey, or of a donkey-engine ; donkey-pump, 
an auxiliary steam-pump for filling the boiler of a 
steam-engine, or for other subsidiary operations ; 
donkey-rest, in Paper Manuf, ‘a frame against 
which the form is laid to drain’ (Cent. Dict.). 

1840 Barua Jugol. Leg., Bagman's Dog, Little *donkey- 
boys your steps environ. 1894 7/7es 22 June 10/5 The 
mate..and the donkey-boy..went in a boat. 1858 AZerc. 
Marine Mag. V. 49 Hose was..put on the *donkey-engine, 
1877 W. Tomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 52 The donkey- 
engines for hoisting the dredging and sounding gear. 1878 
Daily News 26 Sept. 2/3 We also had 3 engineers and 
*donkeymen. 1869 xg. Alech. 10 Dec. 293/2 Of the means 
for feeding the boiler, those in general use are the injector, 
*donkey-pump, and the force pump. 

Hence Donkey v. ztr., to ride a donkey. Don- 
keydom, condition of a donkey, stupidity, folly. 
Donkeydrome [after A7zffodome], a course for 
a donkey-race. Do'nkeyess, a female donkey. 
Do'nkeyhood, the condition of being a donkey ; 
donkeys collectively. Donkeyish a., like a 
donkey, asinine ; stupid, foolish, Do‘nkeyism, the 
quality of being, or an act characteristic of, a 
‘donkey’; folly. Donkeyship, the personality 
of a donkey. (All more or less xonce-was.) 
LeFevre Life Trav. Phys. U1, 1. xiii, 271 The 
invite to many pedestrian excursions, and toa deal of 
g Barinc-Goutp Pennycomeguicks (1890) 466 
[It] had startled her out of this intellectual donkeydom. 1852 
M. W. SavaGe #. MMedlicott 1. v. (D.), The two charioteers 
being left sprawling in the dust of the donkeydrome. 1 
P. Parley’s Ann. 11. 31 Crossing the heath..with no less 
than seven donkeys and donkeyesses tied in a string. 1 
Sat. Rev. 13 Feb. 222 The typical vanity and maladroit 
ways of donkeyhood. 1831 /7vaser’s AJag. III. 564 We 
find ourselves quite donkeyish and stupid. 1855 //omseh. 
IVords X11. 160 [He] committed an outrageous donkeyism. 
1858 O. W. Hoitmes Aut. Breakf-t. xii. (1891) 293 One 
softens down the ugly central fact of donkeyism. 1889 S¢. 
Nicholas Mag. Feb. 304 His donkeyship determined That 
he would yet have fun. : 

|| Donna (dp'na, It. dgnna). [It donna:—L. 
domina lady, mistress.] A lady; a title of honour 
or courtesy for an Italian or (instead of dofa or 
dona) a Spanish or Portuguese lady. 

Prima, seconda donna: the principal, or the second, 
female singer in an opera: see Prima vonna. 

1670 Lassets Voy. [taly 1. (1698) 67 (Stanf.) To go like 
the Donna’s of Spain. 1740 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to 
IW. Montagu 25 Jan., They are all well received by the 
gentil donnas. 1816 Byron in Moore 7/e (1832) III. 318 
(Stanf.) My ‘Donna’ whom I spoke of in my former epistle. 
1817 — Beppo xxxii, The ‘prima donna’s’ tuneful heart 
would bound. 1880 Grove Dict. Alus. I. 457/1 A dis- 
tinguished seconda donna..of Handel’s company. 

Donnered, -ard, 7//.a. Sc. Also donnart, 
-ert, -ort. [f. Sc. vb. donner to stupefy as with 
a blow or a loud noise: perh. a freq. of ME. 
donen to din: cf. also DUNNER.] Stunned, stupe- 
fied, stupid. ‘in a state of gross stupor’ | Jam.). 

1722 Ramsay Three Bonnets 1.63 Worthy Bristle, not sae 
donner’d, Preserves this bonnet, and is honour’d. 1818 
Scorr H7t, Mid? vii, A donnard auld deevil! 1886 
Stevenson AYduapped xxix, ‘Ye donnered auld runt.’ 

Donne, obs. form of Dun. 

Donnish (dg nif), a. [f. Don 50.1 4+-18H.] 
Of the nature or character of a (college) don; 
having a pedantic stiffness or gravity of manner. 

1848 J. H. Newman Loss §& Gain 7 He liked people to be 
natural and hated that donnish manner. 1863 Q. Rev. 
CXIV. 546 The most donnish amongst dons. 

Hence Do-nnishness. 

1835 J. H. Newman Left. (1891) II. 139 A strong specimen 
of donnishness. 1853 THackEray Lett. 14 Feb., A vast 
amount of toryism and donnishness everywhere, 

Donnism (dpniz’m). [f. as prec. + -1sM.] 
Action or manner characteristic of a college don. 

1859 Suairp in W. Knight S. §- “ends (1888) 200 Here 
we have no Donnism, nor any stiff academic air. 

Donnot : sce Do-NouGHt. 

Donor (downer, -g1). Also 5-7 donour, 7-8 
doner. [a. AF. donour, OF. doneur, duneor, 
mod.F, donneur :—L. donatir-em, agent-n. f. don- 
are to present.] One who gives or presents; a 
giver; esf. in Zaw, one who grants an estate, 
or power for execution. Correlative of DoNEs. 

1494 Fanyax Chron. an, 1286(R.) The ryghtfull inheritours, 
or suche as were next allied vnto the firste donoures, 1531 
Dial. on Laws Eng. 1. xxviii. (1638) 50 After the death 
of the tenant in taile without issue, the lands shall revert 
tothe donor, 1650 Vind. Hammond's Adar. xii. § 32 The 
Creator of the World, and sole doner of life. 1755 Younc 
Centaur ii. Wks. 1757 IV. 138 Enjoy, but enjoy reason- 
ably, and thankfully to the great Donor. 1876 Dicsy Real 
Prop. Vv. § 3(2).228 The doctrine. .that a freehold interest in 


I 


| possession must pass instantly from donor to donee. 


Do-nothing (d/-nv:pin), sd. and a. 

A. sb. One who does nothing; an idler. 

1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 259/1 It is not for a do 
nothing that this office is ordeined. 1624 MAsSINGER 
Renegado w. i, Such a goodman Do-nothing. 1855 Fara- 
pay in Bence Jones og thoived II. 361, 1 cannot imagine you 
ado-nothing. 1887 Spectator 15 Oct, 1378 A class of do- 
nothings who at some previous time had owned the land. 

B. adj. That does nothing; characterized by 
doing nothing ; idle, indolent. 

1832 W. Irvine A/hambra 11. 84 The invalids, old women, 
and other curious do-nothing folk. 1839 CarLyLe Chartism 


DO-NOTHINGISM. 


ix, 169 A do-nothing guidance; and it is a do-something 
World! 1876 Gro. Exior Dan, Der. 1V. liv. 99 He was.. 
we fond of yachting: its dreamy, do-nothing absolutism. 

ence Dono‘thingism, Dono'thingness, the 
habit or practice of doing nothing ; the condition 
of doing nothing ; idleness, indolence. 

1814 Jane Austen Aansf Park (1870) III. viii. 340 A 
situation of similar affluence and do-nothing-ness, 1839 
Carty.e Chartism vii. 152 Self-cancelling Donothingism, 
1879 Mrs. Houstox Wild West 77 Gaunt, enfeebled-looking 
labourers abused for their idleness, their do-nothingness. 
1891 Sat. Rev. 5 Sept. 267/2 Dangerous apathy and 
donothingism. 

Do-nought (dnt), donnot (dgngt). Now 
chiefly da/. [app. f. the words do nought: though 
sometimes taken as a corruption of an earlier dow 
not; cf. Ger. taugenichts.] One who does nothing 
or no good; an idler (=Do-NoTHING); a good- 
for-nothing. 


1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 12 Through | 


iefe of seeing his sonne such a doo-nought. J/éid. 218 
The buzzards, the sots, and the doe noughts. 1674 Ray 
NV. C. Words 14 A Donnaught or Donnat .. Naught, good 
for nothing: idle persons being commonly such. 1818 Scorr 
Hrt, Midl. xxxii, What's brought thee back again, thou 
silly donnot? 1855s Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Donnot or 
Do-naught, a good-for-nothing person .. the popular desig- 
nation with reference to Satan himself. 1870 Moris 
Earthly Par, 11. uit. 38 A do-nought by the fire-side. 
Donship (dpnfip). [f. Don sd.+-suip.] a. 
The personality of a don: used as atitle. b. The 
possession of the title ‘don’ (quot. 1838). 
_ € 1626 Dick of Devon u. iv.in Bullen O. P?. If. 40 What 
is your Donship calld, I pray. Don John, a Knight of 
Spaine. 1648 Gace West Ind. xv. (1655) 100 Began to 
answer, or more to jeer his Donship. 1772 NuGenrt tr. //is¢. 
Friar Gerund I. 160 For a Monsieur would he have 
changed all the Donships in the world. 1838 raser's Mag. 
XVIII. 231 Entitled to donship in the Basque provinces, 
Donsie, donsy (dg'nsi), a. and sé. Sc. and 
north.dial, Also doney,-cie. [Origin and primary 
sense unknown.] A. adj. , 


1. ‘ Affectedly neat and trim’ (Jam.) ; nice ; hence 


saucy, restive (as a horse), ? Ods. 


1737 Ramsay Elegy Lucky Wood iv, She was a donsie 
wi 


e and clean. 1721 Ketty Scot. Prov. 68 (Jam.) Better 
rough and sonsie, than bare and donsie. 1786 Burns 70 
Auld Mare vy, Tho’ ye was trickie, slee, an’ funnie, Ye 
ne'er was donsie. 1789 D. Davipson Seasons 56 (Jam.) 
Come Muse! thou donsy limmer, who dost laugh, An‘ claw 
a hough, at bungling poets. 1892 in Northumbld. Gloss. 

Unlucky, untoward, unfortunate. ? Ods. 

1786 Burns Address to Unco Guid ii, Their donsie tricks, 
their black mistakes, Their failings and mischances. 1789 
D. Davipson Seasons 61 ( Jam.) Straight down the steep they 
slide wi’ canny care, For fear o' donsy whirl into the stream, 

3. Dull or slow of comprehension ; dunce-like. 

1802 Sispatp Chron. Sc. Poetry Gloss., Donsie, dunce- 
like, dull, stupid. 1822 Gaur Sir A. Wylie IIL. xxviii. 237 
Dinna heed the donsie creature. 

B. sb. One slow of wit, a stupid; a dunce. 

os Jamieson, Donsie, Doncie, a stupid, lubberly fellow. 
Roxb. ¢ 1826 Hocc in Wilson Noct. Amér. Wks. 1855 1. 
213 That poor donsy. 

on’t (ddunt’, collog. contraction of do not: 
see Do v. Also humorously as sd.= Prohibition, 
reiteration of ‘don’t’, and wé. 

1894 Daily News 23 Nov. 5/3 The plan gets rid of many 
‘don'ts’. Afod.‘ Don’t be always don'ting !’ 

b. Don’t care, used as adj., = careless, reckless. 
So Don’t-care-ism (nonce-wd.). 

1871 Daily News 4 Jan., We are in the don’t care mood. 
1892 Pall Mall G. 15 Dec. 7/1 The. .spirit of daring don't- 
careism. 1 Westm. Gaz. 5 Sept. 2/1 A hearty, good- 
natured, don’t-care sort of person. 

Donzel (dg‘nzél). arch. Also 6-7 donsel. 
[ad. It. donze/lo ‘a damosell, a batchelor; also a 


page, a squire, a waiter, a serving man’ (Florio) = 


‘Pr. donzel, Sp. doncel, OF. donzel, doncel, dancel | 


young man:—late L. dom(?)nicell-us, dim. of do- 
minus lord, master: cf. DAMOIsEAU.] A young 
gentleman not Pa knighted, a squire, a page. 

1592 Nasne P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 7b, The high and mightie 
Prince of Darknesse, Donsell del Lucifer. 160 B. Jonson 
Alch. w. iv, Donzel, methinks you look melancholic. 1664 
Butter //ud. 11. iii. 572 Much may be done, my noble Don- 
zel. a1680 — Charact., Squire of Dames, He is Esquire to 
a Knight-Errant, donzel to the damsels. 1843 Lyrron Last 
Bar. 1. ii, Cling to me, gentle donzel, and fear not. 

|| Donzella (dontsella). [It.; fem. of don- 
zello (see prec.):—late L. dominicella, dim. of 
domina mistress, lady : see DaMsEL.] An Italian 
or Provengal damsel or young lady. 

1833 Cartyie Misc. (1872) V. 88 A beautiful Roman don- 
zella, 1 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. §& Leg. Art \1850) 196 
They bring the donzella out of the cistern alive and well. 

, obs. form of Do, Dor; Sc. form of Dove. 

Dooab, Dooar: see Doss, Dovar. 

|| Doob (db). Also doub, erron. dhoop. 

Hindi did, = Skr. diirva.] Native name for the 

og’s-tooth grass (Cynodon Dactylon), used as a 
fodder-grass in India. 

1810 T. Wituiamson £. /ndia Vade M. 1. 259(Y.) The doob 
.. in the low countries about Dacca..this grass abounds ; 
attaining to a prodigious luxuriance! 1 Burnes 7vav. 
Bokhara (ed, 2) 11. 10 A kind of creeping grass called 
‘doob’. 1845 Srocqueter //andbk. Brit. India (1854) 405 
A thickly-matted sod of fiorin, or doob grass, 


. 


600 


peomens: obs. form of DuDGEON. 
een : see DUDEEN. 

Doodle (did’l), sb. collog. [cf. LG. dudeltopf, 
-dop, simpleton, noodle, lit. night-cap.] A silly 
or foolish fellow ; a noodle. 

1628 Foxp Lover's Mel. 1. i, Vanish, doodles, vanish ! 
I Foote Mayor of G. u. i, Why, doodle, jackana: 
harkee, who am I? 1845 Cosppen Sfeeches (1872) 179 The 
Noodles and Doodles of the aristocracy. 

Doodle, v.! dia/. or slang. [f. prec. sb.] To 
make a fool of, befool, cheat. 

1823 Moncrierr 70m & Ferry 1, vii. (Farmer), I have been 
dished and doodled out of og 2 pounds to-day. 1834 M. 
Scort Cruise Midge (1859) 439 It might have doodled our 
whole party. 1846 Cornish Prov. Dial. 55 ‘None of thy 
doodling, thee bean't St. George, no more than me.’ 1880 
W. Cornw. Gloss., Doodle, to cheat; to deceive; to trifle. 

Doodle (di-d’l), v.2 Chiefly Sc. Also doudle. 
[a. Ger. dude/n in same sense (of Slavonic origin: 
cf. Polish dudlid), dudelsack bagpipe: prob. asso- 
ciated with Toorte.] ¢rans. To play (the bag- 
pipes). Also Doodle-sack, a bagpipe. 

1816 Scott Old Mort. iv, ‘1 am wearied wi’ doudling the 
bag o' wind a’ day.’ 1824 — Redgauntlet Let. xi, ‘Thou 
sack-doudling son of a whore!’ 1846 Worcester cites Sir 
G. Heap for Doodle-sack. 1847-78 Hatuiw., Ddodle-sack, 


a bag-pipe. Kent. 
Dook! (dik). [Etym. unknown.] A wooden 


plug driven into a brick or stone wall, in order to 
hold a nail. 

1808-18 in Jamieson. In mod. Dicts. 

Dook?. Sc. The shaft of a coal mine. 

1887 Scott. Leader 4 June 7 He was chainman in the 
main coal dook. 1895 NV. Brit. Daily Mail 7 Aug. 4 The 
bodies of the unfortunate men may be found at the bottom 
of the dook, which is now full of water. 

Dook, obs. and Sc. form of Duck v. 

Dool! (dil), dole (d@l. Also 6 dowe, 7 
dowl(e, 6- Sc. dule. [Corresponds to E.Fris. dé/e, 
d6l, landmark, cg Phar ; astake, stone, hole 
in the ground, furrow, ditch, etc., used to mark and 
determine the boundaries of property. Cf. also 
Du. doe? aim, mark, butt, in Flemish and earlier 
mod.Du. (Kilian) a heap of earth, esp. that on 
which the mark stands at a shooting-place, which 
is app. related to MLG., LG. dé/e fem., grave with 
the mound of earth heaped over it.] 

1. A boundary or landmark, consisting of a post, 
a stone, or an unploughed balk or strip of land. 

c1440 Promp, Parv. 126/1 Dole, merke, meta. 1445 
Paston Lett, No. 46 1. 58 He hath pullid uppe the doolis, 
and seithe he wolle makyn a dyche fro the corner of his 
walle..to the newe diche-of the grete cloose. 1563 Homilies 
1. Rogation Week (1859) 496 Accursed be he.. who removeth 
his neighbours doles and marks. 
Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 54 The dowe stone or meire stone, 
which was placed and set by the Jury. 1681 WortipGe Dict. 
Rust., Dool, a green balk or mound between the ploughed 
lands in common fields. @ 182g Forsy lec. E. Anglia, 
Dool, Dole, a boundary mark in an uninclosed field. It is 
very often a low post; thence called a Dool-post. 1 
Sussex Gloss., Doole, a conical lump of earth, about three 
feet in diameter..and about two feet in height, raised to 
show the bounds of parishes or farms on the Downs. 

2. Sc. (dil). The goal in a game. 

asso Christis Kirke Gr. xxii, Fresch men cam in and 
hail’'d the dulis, And dang tham doun in dailis. 17a 
Ramsay Lucky Spence vii, Gar the kirk-boxie hale the 
dools. 1783 TytLer Poet, Rem. Fas. /, 187 (Jam.) When 
the [foot ]ball touches the goal or mark, the winner calls 
out, Hail! or it has hail’d the dulis, 1802 Sispatp Chron, 
Scot. Poet. UW. 37° note (Jam.) In the game of golf..when 
the ball reached the mark, the winner, to announce his 
victory, called, Hail dule ! 

3. attrtb., as dool-post, -stone. 

1580 Dole-stone [see above]. 1630 A1S. Acc. St. Fohn's 
Hosp., Canterb., Layd out for seauen dowlstones xviij a. 
a 1825 Dole-post [see above]. 1887 Kent. Gloss., Dole-stone, 
a landmark, 

Ilence Dool v. ¢rans., to mark off by dools, 

1656 in ATS. Conveyance, As it is now dowled, and allready 
sett out. 

Dool 2, variant of Dox sé.”, grief, mourning. 

Dool(e, obs. form of Dox sé.1, v.2 


|| Doolie, dooly (di. Forms: 7 dowle, 
doola, 8-9 dooly, -ley, 9 doolee, duli, erron, 
dhooly. [a. Hindi @é/7 a litter, a kind of sedan 
for women, etc., dim. of ¢a/@ swing, cradle, litter, 
f. Skr. dd/d litter, swinging cradle, f. d/- to swing.] 
A rudimentary litter or palanquin used by the lower 
classes in India, and as an army ambulance. 

¢x6a5 Hawkins in Purchas Pilgrims I. 435 (Y.) He sends 
choice Souldiers .. close d, two and two in a Dowle. 
1665 Sir T. Hervert 77av. (1677) 66 The Doolaes were no 
sooner dismounted, but that thereout issued the Amazones, 
1782-3 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. |. Doolies..are only 
used by the very lower sorts of le, in cases of sickness 
or accident. 1804 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. III. 114, 
I could not walk..So they put us into dooleys, or cradles, 
fastened together with ropes. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. 
Hygiene (ed. 3) 399 Order men who cannot march to be 
carried in waggons, dhoolies, &c. 

2. attrib., as doolie-bearer. 

1862 Beveripce Hist. /ndia 111. 1x. v. 655 The dhoolie- 
bearers followed the example. 1 F. M. Crawrorp 
Mr. Isaacs xii. 253 A strong body of dooly-bearers. 

Dooly, obs. form of Doxy. 


1580 in Picton L'fool | 


DOOM. 


Doom (dim), sd. Forms: 1 dém, 2-5 dom, 
3-7 dome, 4-7 doome, (4 dum, Sc. dowme, 5 
Sc. doym, 7 dombe), 4- doom. ([Com. Teut. 
sb.: OE. =OFris., OS. dim, OHG., MHG. 
tuom, ON. démr (Sw., Da. dom), Goth. dom-s :— 
O.Teut. *démo-z, lit. that which is put or set up, 
statute, ordinance, f. dé-n to place, set: see Do v. 
(Cf. Gr. Oéus, f. stem On- to place, L. statiitum, f. 
statuére.) Used as suffix in the form -Dom.] 

1. A statute, law, enactment ; ge. an ordinance, 
decree. Obs. exc. Hist. 

c82s Vesp. Psalter ix. 26 Biod afirred domas Sine from 
onsiene his. ¢ 1000 ELrric Exod, xxi. ge oe pa domas 

pu him tzcan scealt. pe a Hampote Psalter xiii. 1 

i pat haf forgeten God his domes. 1513 Doveras 
AE neis 1. viii. 24 The domes of law pronuncis sche to thame 
then. 1669 DrypDEN Tyrannic Love 1. i, 1 have consulted 
one, who reads Heav’n's Doom. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. 
Ch. (1858) II. xii. 220 He revised the whole code of Anglo- 
Saxon law, and compiled a new book of dooms. . = 
Green Short Hist. iv. § 4. 191 The first Dooms of London 
provide especially for t! y of cattle. 

2. A judgement or decision, esp. one formally 
pronounced ; a sentence ; mostly in adverse sense, 
condemnation, sentence of punishment. 

cgoo tr. Beda's Hist. 1v. v. (1891) 278 Seon heo bezen 
biscopes dome scyldize. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 103 Ufele 
3itsunge..macad reaflac and unrihte domes. c¢ 1205 Lay. 
ota e sculde dom polien. 1377 Lana. P. P/. B. xv. 27 

n ich deme domes. . is racio my ri3t name. 
Nottingham Rec. 11. 380 To obey, fulfille and fourme 
the dome, ordenance and award of vs. 1 SPENSER 

. Q. 1. v. 16 Then was that golden belt by doome 
of all Graunted to her. 1641 Smectymnuus Answ. 
(1653) Post. 87 Thurstan refusing to stand to the Kings 
doom. 1709 Zatler No. 42 ® 5 O! Partial Judge, Thy 
Doom has me undone. 1808 Scotr Marm. um. Introd., 
Whose doom discording neighbours sought. 1888 Max 
Miter Nat. Relig. vii. (1889) 173 They were not laws in 
our sense of the word but dooms, decisions. = 

+3. Personal or private judgement, opinion. As 
to my doom: in my opinion, Obs, 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4582 (Cott.) O pis ioseph sai me pi dome, 
And giue me par-of god consail. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monk's 
7. Prol. 49 As to my doom Thou art a maister whan thou 
art at hoom. ¢ Capcrave Life St. Kath. 1. 314 Ye 
may weel rp sepa in yovre owen dome. c 1450 Merlin 387 
Yef he and the other ne hadde not returned .. by my dom, 
ther hadde not ascaped the halvendell. 1596 Srenser ¥. QO. 
Iv. x. 2t The which did seeme, unto my simple The 
onely pleasant and delightful place. -_ oTTON Archit, 
in Relig. esp tee The Age of the wi upon which he 
war ar is m. 3 ‘ a ce 
+b. The faculty of judging; judgement, dis- 
crimination, discernment. Oés. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. ii. 152 It hab doom by 
wins it discernip and demib euery ping. 1496 Dives & 
Paup. (W. de W.) u. vi. 115/1 He must haue with hym 
dome, that is a good and a dyscrete auysement, er he swere. 
1697 Dryven Virg.Georg. ty. 565 With. .unerring Doom, He 
sees what is, and was, and is to come. 


4. Fate, lot, irrevocable destiny. (Usually of 
sense. 


~ WL 11r 
preg Boy ch, happy Nestor ! h Eo Gon 
lyss. 1V. nm estor ! was thy 

1855, Ftd Heroes 1. (1868) 7 A stranger, whom a cruel 

doom has driven to your land. 
b. Final fate, destruction, ruin, death. 

¢x600 SHaxs. Sonn. xiv. 14 Thy end is truth’s and beauty’s 
doom and date. 1725 N. Ropinson 7h. Physick 244 
Patient must fall in the Conflict, and owe his Doom .. 
to the too rigid Rash of his Physici: 1860 ‘TYNDALL 
Glac. 1. xxii, 157 Irresistible dynamic energy, which moved 
them isiaciannt 0: their doom. 1874 Green Short Hist. 
vi. § 5. 323 Both the Cardinal and his ies knew that 
the minister’s doom was sealed. 

5. The action or process of judging (as in a 
court of law); judgement, trial. arch. 

cgso Lindis/. John xii. 31 Nu is dom middan- 
geordes. axz00 Moral Ode 169 [167] Pe dom ben 
sone idon, ne last hit nowiht longe. 1340 Hamrote Pr. 
to sit indome. ¢1450 


world; 


‘om. So Pouce. ve see ie ae 
dom cume. 1393 Gower Conf 1. 97 He shall for the dome 
finall Yef his answere, c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) x. 114 The 
Doom schalle ben on Estre Day, suche t as our 
aroos. 1§29 More Dyaloge uu. Wks. 180/1, I speke of 
Christes .. comming to the dreadfull dome. Suaks. 
Macb. ww. ie 117 What will the Line stretch out to’ th’ cracke 
. “es med Se eet Was uO. 

t doom. |. WILBERFORCE our 
Lord ix. (1852) 204 When all nations shall behold. Him at 
the crack of doom. Micxternwaite Mod. Par. 
Churches 323 The. .hobgoblins of mediaeval dooms. 

7. Day of doom: the day of judgement: see Day 


sb. 8 b, and Doomspay. 


Hamrote Pr. Consc. 2600 Our last day pat sal falle, 
oan og 6F y ving we may calle. @ 1400-50 Alexander 


DOOM. 


1095 So sall..to be day of dome pi dedis be remembrid. 
pe Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 302 What answere shall 
e make to your lorde at y* daye of dome? 1649 Jer. 
‘aYLoR Gt. Hxemip. u. vi. 19 The great scrutiny for faith in 
the day of doom. 1 Pore Donne Sat. tv. 161 In sure 
succession to the day of doom. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, 
Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 331 Who, if a hail-storm passes 
over the village, thinks the day of doom is come. 
+b. transf. The last day of one’s life; the 


fatal day. Ods. (Cf. 4 b.) 

1588 SHaks. 777. A. u. iii. 42. 1593 — Rich. 17, m. ii. 
189. 1593 — 3 Hen. VI, v. vi. 93 Ile throw thy body in 
another roome, And Triumph Henry, in thy day of Doome. 

+8. Justice; equity; righteousness. Cf. JuDGE- 
MENT. Ods. (Chiefly in versions of Scripture, or 
allusions thereto.) 

c825 Vesp. Psalter xcvi. 2 Hire rehtwisnis and dom 

erecenis seldes his. c1o00o Ags. Gosf. Matt. xxiii. 23 Ge 
forleton pa ping pe synt hefegran bere zx, dom, and 
mildheortnysse and geleafan, 1382 Wycuir Prov. xxi. 3 To 


do mercy and dom, more pleseth to the Lord, than 
sacrifices of victorie. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 518 Thou 
schalt swere in trouthe, in doom, and in rightwisnesse. 
1563-87 Foxe A. § J. (1684) I. 458/1 David in the Sauter 
saith; Blessed beth they that done dome and rightfulness, 

+9. Power or authority to judge; gev. power, 
authority. Ods. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. John v. 22 Ne se fader ne demd nanum 
menn. Ac he sealde zlcne dom pam suna. cx1330 R. 
Brunne Chron. (1810) 100 To haf pam at his dome. 13.. 
K. Allis, 2606 He sent messangers .. to al that weore at his 
dome, 1382 Wycuir ¥ohn v. 22 Neither the fader iugeth 
ony man, but hath 3ouun al the dom to the sone. 

+10. A judge. Obs. rare. 

Perh, an error of transcription for Dee. 

13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 627 Per haunted til 
her hous .. Two domus of pat lawe. 1502 ARNOLDE Chiro. 
(1811) 162 Primate and chefe dome of cristen men. : 

attrib. (mostly arch. or Obs.) as doom-giving, 
-hall, -place, -storm, -word, etc. ; + doom-house, 
a judgement-hall; doom-ring (47chwol.), a ring 
of stones forming the boundary of the old Norse 
courts of judgement; + doom-settle, -stool, 
judgement-seat ; + doom-stead, place of judge- 
ment; doom-tree, a tree on which the condemned 
were hanged. 

1399 Lanci. Rich. Redeles 1. 329 At the *dome-3euynge. 
1870 Morris Larthly Par. II. tv. 293 Then gat he to the 
*doom-hall of the town..And judged the people. c¢ 1000 
Voc.in Wr.-Wiilcker 145/12 Curia, *domhus. cx440 Promp. 
Parv, 126/2 Dome howse, pretorium. 1382 Wyciir Acts 
xxv. 10 At the *dom place of Cesar I stonde. 18.. 
Warttier King Volmer & Elsie i, Over heathen *doom- 
rings and gray stones of the Horg. 1893 S. O. Appy Had/ 
of Waltheof 33 The circle near the Bar Dike may have 

en a doom-ring. c1000 Ags, Gosf. Matt. xxvii. 19 He 
set pa pilatus on his *dom-setle. a1225 Yuliana 55 Com | 
.. biuore reue as he set on his dom seotle. 1876 | 
Atheneum 8 July 48 That way to the *doomstead thrones | 
The Aesir ride each day. a@12zg Ancr. R. 306 Let skile 
sitten ase demare upon pe *dom stol. 1837 Locknart Scott | 
ii, Elibank’s ** doomtree’ extended its broad arms close to 
the gates of his fortress, 

Doom (dm), v. Also 5-6 dome, 6 Sc, dume, | 
6-7 doome. [f. Doom sd.] 
1. trans. To pronounce judgement or sentence _ 

| 
| 
| 


upon ; to judge. Ods. or arch. exc. as in 2. 

©1450 (MSS. ¢ 1600) Chester Pl. (E. E. T. S.) xxi. 354 
The general Resurrection..when Christ is bowne to Dome 
both good and evill. are ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 29 The 
goodys and catels of alle hem that before hem be domed, 
1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 15 They quhilk..Iugis or dwmis 
a wranguslie, 1633 P. Frercner Purple Is/. v. xlvi. 58 

here the equall Judge..dooms each voice aright. 181 
Byron Br. Abydos u. xxi, No deed they’ve done, nor dee 
shall do, Ere I have heard and doom’d it too. 

+b. with complement: To pronounce or deem. 

1742 Younc Nt. 7h. u. 156 Time’s use was doom'd a 
pleasure ; waste, a pain. 4 

2. To pronounce judgement or sentence against ; 
esp. to condemn #0 some fate. 

1588 Suaxs. 77¢. A. 1. i. 47 Tribunes with their tongues 
doome men to death. 1593 — Rich. //, v. i. 4 Cesars.. 
‘Tower: To whose flint Bosome, my condemned Lord Is 
doom’d a Prisoner, by prowd Bullingbrooke. 1645 Miron 
Colast. (1851) 372 He dooms it as contrary to Truth. 1 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 197 An act was passed whic 
doomed him to perpetual exile. 1881 Jowerr Thucyd. I. 189 
A decree which doomed to destruction..a whole city. 

3. To destine or consign to some adverse fate or 
lot; also sometimes in neutral sense, to any fate, 
good or ill. fa. pple, Destined, fated. 

160z Suaxs. Ham. 1. v, 10, I am thy Fathers Spirit, 
Doom’d for a certaine terme to walke the night. x OPE 
Ess. Man 1. 65 He. .feasts the animal he dooms his feast, 
1776 Gipson Decl, & F. 1. xii. 255 You have doomed me to 
a life of cares. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. ii. 19 Our hopes 
were doomed to disappointment. 1887 Bowen Virg. 4ineid 
1, 20 A nation.. Doomed in the future ages her Tyrian 
towers to destroy. 

4. U.S. (local): see quots. 

1816 J. Pickerinc Voc. U. S.s.v., When a person neglects 
to make a return of his taxable property to the assessors of 
a town, those officers doom him; that is, judge upon, and 
fix his tax according to their discretion. 1888 Bryce Amer. 
Commu, II. 1. xliii. 133 note, In New York..if a person 
makes no return the assessors are instructed to ‘doom’ him 
according to the best of their knowledge and belief. 

5. To decree; to pronounce or fix as a sentence 
or fate; to destine; to adjudge. (With simple - 
obj. or obj. clause.) 


1588 oe Tit, A. w. ii, 114 The Emperour in his rage 
OL, 


601 


will doome her death. 1669 Drypen Zyrannic Love 1. i, 
The Gods adjudg’d it Parricide, By dooming the Event on 
Cesar’s Side. 1712-4 Pore Rafe Lock u. 110 Whether 
Heav’n has doom’d that Shock must fall. 1844 Lop. 
Broucuam Brit. Const. xv. (1862) 227 Buckingham, whose 
fall he perceived was doomed. , : 

6. zntr. To give judgement; to judge, decide. 
Obs. or arch. 

1sgt Greene Maiden’s Dreame xiii. 2 Doctors that well 
could doom of Holy Writ. 1662 Coxainr Ov/d 1. iii. Dram. 
Wks. (1874) 228, I shall, in my opinion, doom aright, But 
wish that Jove had chose some other wight. 1876 Morris 
Sigurd 259 They drink in the hall together, they doom in 
the people’s strife. 

Hence Doomed 4//. a., Doo‘ming wé/. sd. and 


ppl. a. 

1596 Drayton Legends iv. 62 For which immedicable 
Blow..Me dooming Heaven ordain’d. 1627-77 Fre.rHam 
Resolves 1, xv. 24 A dooming to death. 1869 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. (1876) III. xii. 241 The. .doomed city. 

Doom, obs. f. Dome, Dus; var. of Doum. 

Doomage (dimédz). U.S. (local). [f. Doom 
v.+-AGE.] The action of dooming (see Doom zv, 
4) 3 assessment in default. 

1792 J. Betxnar New-Hampsh. III. 284 If any person 
refuse to give an invoice of his rateable estate, it is in the 
power of the selectmen ‘to set down to such person as much 
as they judge equitable, by way of doomage; from which 
there is no appeal’. 1828 Wesster, Doomage, a penalty 
or fine for neglect. 

Doombook (dz‘mbuk). Also dome-, domes-, 
doomsbook. [OE, dém-béc, book of dooms.] 

1. A book or code of (Old Teutonic) laws ; spec. 
that attributed to King Alfred and referred to in the 
laws of later West-Saxon kings. Ods. exc. /Zist. 

2925 Laws of Edward Preamble, [Swa] hit on dere dom- 
bec stande. aggo Laws of Athelstan u. v. (Schmid), Bete 
be dam Se seo dom-boc secze. c 1000 AELERic Hom. (Th.) 
II, 198 O83 pet he com to dam dom-bocum Se se Heofenlica 
Wealdend his folce zesette. 1660 R. Coxe Power § Suby. 
159 If any one shall not pay, let him incur the punishment 
expressed in the Doom-book (Laws of K. Eadgar). 1765 
BiackstTone Comm. 1. 66 A new edition, or fresh promulga- 
tion, of Alfred’s code or dome-book. 1891 Atkinson A/oor- 
land Par. 218 The records..exist in the Doomsbooks. .of 
this country and other lands in the north of Europe. 

2. transf. A book of doom or judgement. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. u. viii, Cursed is that trade .. 
and 1s verily marked in the Doom-Book of a God ! 

Doomer (d#moa1). Now rare. [OE. démere 
judge, f. dém Doom sb.: see -ER!, In later use f. 
Doom v.] One who dooms or pronounces sentence ; 
a judge. Cf, DEEMSTER. 

¢888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xxvii. § 4 Heretogan and domeras 
..hafdon mzstne weorbscipe. c1000 Laws of Alfred 
Introd. § 18 (Schmid) Swa him domeras zereccen. ‘1 
Greene Tudlie’s Love(1609)K ij,Be then. .impartiall doomers 
of my sute. cx1g90 — Fr. Bacon x. 139 Fond Até doomer 
of bad-boding fates. 1842 Lytron Zanoni vu. x, The 
power which dooms the doomer. 


Doomful (dimfil), @. [f. Doom sd. +-FuL.] 
Fraught with or involving doom ; fateful. 

1586 SPENSER Son. to Harvey, For Life, and Death, is in 
thy doomefull writing. 1630 J. Tavtor(Water P.) Uraniai. 
Wks. 1/r Eternal God, which..at the doomefull day will 
once unhaspe Th’ accusing booke of Subiects and of Kings. 
1837 CartyLe Fy. Rev. II. vi. vii, Think what a volley: 
reverberating doomful to the four corners of Paris, 

Dooms (di#mz), adv. Sc. [Origin uncertain. 
Prob, from Doom sé. Some have conjectured connexion 
with Icel. ddéindis- pretty, rather, prefixed to adjs. and advs. 
Cf. also Done adv 

Very, exceedingly. 

1815 Scorr Guy MM. xxxii, 1t was not sae dooms likely 
that he would go down into battle wi’ sic sma’ means.’ 1816 
— Old Mort. xxiii, ‘I wasna that dooms stupid.’ 1893 
StEvENSON Catriona 20 My case is dooms hard. 

Doomsday (dézmzdéi), [OE. démes deg, ME. 
domes det, daz, day of judgement: see Doom sd.] 

1. The judgement day. 

c975 Rushw. G. Matt. x. 15 At domes deze. cxro00 Ags. 
G. ibid., On domes deg. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 On his 
efter to-come pet is on domes deie. a1225 Ancr. R. 58 
Heo is gulti. and schal uor his soule onswerien a Domesdei. 
1300 Cursor M. 498 (Cott.) And sua sal do to domes dai. 


1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 34 Yair sal be na generacione 
na corrupcione efter dwmis day. 160x Saks. ¥x/.C. ul. i. 
98 Men, 


iues, and Children, stare, cry out, and run, As it 
were Doomesday. 1742 Younc N24. Th. 1. 366 The present 
moment terminates our sight; Clouds, thick as those on 
doomsday, drown the next. 
b. esp. in phr.: Z7il doomsday: to the end of 

the world, as long as the world lasts, for ever. 

¢ 1200 ORMIN 17682 All batt follc patt fra piss da33 Till 
Domess_ da33 shall wurrbenn. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. 
Wace (Rolls) 8734 Hit myght laste til Domesday. 1553 
T. Witson Rhet. (1567) 103a, If a man should aske me 
till Doumes daie, I would still crie silence, silence. 1606 
Suaks. Axt. § CZ. v. ii. 232 When thou hast done this chare, 
lle giue thee leaue To play till Doomesday. 1850 CaRLyLe 
Latter-d. Pamph. i. 4 Questions which all official men 
wished. .to postpone till Doomsday. 1886 Froupr Oceana 
233 They might have waited till Doomsday in the afternoon 
before [etc.]. , 

ec. transf. A day of judgement or trial, when 

sentence is pronounced, Also, a day of final disso- 
lution, as at the end of the world. 

1579 Lyty Zuphues (Arb.) 18x Dost thou not knowe that 
euery ones deathes daye is his dofo]mesdaye? 1594 Suaks. 
Rich. IIT, v.i, 12 Why then Al-soules day is my bodies 


doomsday. 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. St. ut xxiii. 215 


DOOR. 


This bell was taken down at the dooinsday of abbeys. 1831 
CartyLe Sart. Res. u.vi, His sudden bereavement..is talked 
of as a real Doomsday and Dissolution of Nature. 

2. =Domespay: the usual spelling in 17-18th c., 
still used, esp, in fig. or transf, senses. 

3. attrib. 

1649 Mitton “ikon. iii. (1851) 358 The Kings admirers 
may .. mistake this Book for a Monument of his worth and 
wisdom, when as indeed it is his Doomsday Booke. 1654 
Trapp Comm. Esther iv. 8 That dreadful day of judgement, 
when that doomes-day book shall be opened. 1781 Cowrer 
Hope 693 Conscience .. writes a Doomsday sentence on his 
heart. 1842 C. Wuitenzap Richard Savage (1845) II. 
ix. 420 Long doomsday faces. 

Doomsman. [early ME. démes man, man of 
judgement : see Doom sé.] A judge, deemster, 

@1200 Moral Ode 260 Med3ierne domes men and wrong- 
wise reuen, 1382 Wyctir A/att. v. 25 Lest perauenture 
thin aduersarie take thee to the domesman, and the 
domesman take thee to the mynystre, and thou be sente in 
to prisoun. c1440 Gesta Rom. viii. 21 (Harl. MS.) pe 
domys-man come to pe Cite, for to sitte vp on brekers of be 
lawe. 1493 Festivall (W. de Worde 1515) 4b, Our lorde 
Thesu Cryste his domesman. «1640 [see Doomster 2}. 
1708 Termes de la Ley 268 Doomsman, seems to be Suitors 
ina Court of a Mannorin Ancient Demesne, whoare Judges 
there. 1839 Baitey /vstvs xxx. 342 Behold in me the 
doomsman of your race. 

attrib, 1483 Cath. 
tribunal, 

Doomster ((/msto1). In 5 domstere. [modi- 
fication of demester, DEMPSTER, DEEMSTER, after 
Doom wv. and sb.] 

1. A judge, doomer. arch. 

1442 Cursor M. 9737 (Bedford) Fadir, rightwis domstere ! 
1861 Lowe i eet. Wks. (1890) 1V. 4 Then let him hearken 
for the doomster’s feet! 1882 Sat. Rev. 11 Nov. 627 
Doomsters..propounding their own construction of rubrical 
niceties with Sinaitic thunders. 


Angl. 103/2 A domesman sete, 


8 ‘The Domster sould be sworne. 
lix, § 2 They will..be enforced 
to borrow a more fit expression of His office from our sister 
nation, and instyle Him to be the doomster or doomsman of 
the quick and the dead. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. xxxvi, 
‘Doomster’, he continued, ‘repeat the sentence to the 
prisoner’, 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Doom, The 
doom or sentence was. . pronounced by the public executioner, 
or doomster as he was called—a barbarous practice, which 
was abolished by Act of Adjournal, 16th March 1773. 
attrib, 188 PALGRAVE Visions of Eng. 13s Before is the 
doomster-day, And..the shambles of Fotheringay. 
Doon, -e, obs. ff. Do v., DonE, Down, Dun. 
Door (do-1). Forms: 1 duru, 2-5 (Sc. 4-9) 
dure, 4-6 durr(e,4-7 dur, (5 duyr), 6 Sc. duir(e, 
dwr, dourre; also 1-5 dor, 3-7 dore, (4 doer, 
5 doyre, 6 dower), 6-7 doore, 7- door; also 
I dyr, 2-3 dyre. [OE. duru, fem. z-stem, not 
found elsewhere in Teut., but from the same base 
dur-, as the equivalent words in the other langs. : 
cf. OHG. “ri, an orig. plural, which became a fem. 
sing, MHG. der, Ger. thiir(e, ODu. duri pl. 
(MDu. dére, dore, Du. deur fem. sing.), OS. durz, 
ON. dyrr fem. pl. (and n.), Sw. ddrr f., Da. 
dor ; also Goth. daurdns pl. weak fem. OE. had also 


_ dor neut., pl. dort, large door, gate= Goth. daur, 


OS. dor, OHG., tor, Ger. thor gate. The same stem 
dhur-, dhwéar-'appears in Skr, dvr, ddr, Gr. Ovpa, 
L.fores. The two OE. types duru, and dor appear 
to have been mixed in ME., where, beside dure and 
dor, are also found dur and dore. Dore pre- 
vailed in 16th c., and is found as late as 1684 ; door 
appeared in 16th c., and at length supplanted dore 
in writing, though now pronounced like the latter. 

The spelling door points to an earlier pronunciation with 
z or i from ME. close 6, which is further attested by Sc. 
dure (diir) (also in Cath, Angl. 1483), and is considered by 
Luick as a northern lengthening of OE. #. The current 
pronunciation may be a retention of that evidenced for 
16th c. dore by quot. 1593 in 18; but it may also be a 
more recent modification of (dii®4), as in the case of floor, 
and vulgar pronunciations of #007, poor, as more, Dore.) 

1, A movable barrier of wood or other material, 
consisting either of one piece, or of several pieces 
framed together, usually turning on hinges or 
sliding in a groove, and serving to close or open a 


passage into a building, room, etc. 

a. in form duru, dure (dyre), durre, dur (after 1500 Sc.). 

Beowulf 1447 (Th.) Duru sona on-arn fyr-bendum fest. 
c1000 Ags. Cosh. Matt. xxv. 10 Seo duru wes belocen 
[Lindisf. zetyned wes Se dura]. /bid. Mark i. 33 Eall seo 
burhwaru wes zegaderod to bere duran [Zindisf to duru 
velto get, Rushw. to dore vel zeat. c1160 Hatton 3e- 

adel to bare dure.] cxoas Jnteri. v. Rule St. Benet 
(388 78 ZEtforan dyran. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 87 And merki 
mid pan blode hore duren. crasgo Gen. & Ex. 1082 Al dat 
ni3t he sozten Sor Se dure. 1375 Barsour Bruce u, 61 Thai 
brak the dur. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 11890 The durres to vndo. 
¢1420 Chron. Vilod. 931 Pe durus of p’chapelle. 3 Cath. | 
Angi. 111/t Dure (A. Duyr), hostium, 1546 J. Heywoop 
Prov. (1867) 16 Ye beg at a wrong mans dur [rime 
stur]. 1562 Win3et Cert, Tractates i. Wks. 1888 I. 2 
Calking of the durris. 1563 — Four Scoir Thre Quest. 
Ws. 1888 1.87 The duiris being closit. @z605 MonTGOMERIE 
Sonnets Ixy. 11 To come ouir the dur, Skene Reg. 
Maj., Burrow Lawes 126 Lipper men..sall not gang fra 
dure to dure, 

76* 


DOOR. 


t.) Mak a dor [v.7%. dore, dur]. 
1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. 345% When pou spekes sharppely 
til be pure, Pat sum gode askes at pi dore. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer 
pou Robyn heuest of the dore 
rime vnderspore]. 1483 Cath, Ang?. 104/1 Dore(A. Doyre), 
tium. 1363 Mirr. Mag., Fane Shore \i.7 ‘To begge from 
dore to dore. 1893 Suaks. Rich. //, v. iii. 77 Open the 
dore, A Begger begs, that neuer begg’d before. 1644 Mitton 
Areop. (Arb.) 59 Other dores which cannot be shut. 1684 
Bunyan Pilgr. u. 12 And knocked at her Dore. 

y. in forms (dower, dourr) doore, door. 

1504 Plumpton Corr. 186 None..shall not pas the dowers. 
1§09-28 Wynkyn de Worde's edd. of R. Coer de Lion 
1934 Doors and windows barred fast, Gau Richt 
Vay (1888) 6x Quhen y? disciplis..haid closit the dourris. 
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII 3b, At the haule doore. 
Eas PutTENHAM Eng. Poesie u. viii. (Arb.) 94 If one 
should rime to this word [Restore] he may not match him 
with [Doore] or [Poore] for neither of both are of like 
terminant. 1611 BisLe Gex. iv. 7 Sinne lieth at the doore 
[Coverp. in the dore]. 1662 Woop Li/ (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 
I. 462 Before the west doore. 1760 Foote Minor un. 
Wks. 1799 I. 269 Well, do so no more, Drop, to atone, your 
money at the door, And, if I please,—I'll give it to the poor 
[triple rime]. 1816 Keatince Trav. 1. 297 They cannot 
venture .. to be seen beyond their own doors. 

b. With various qualifications, as chamber-, 
front-, hall-, house-, kitchen-, side-door, etc. q.v. 
under their first elements; also Back-, CHURCH-, 
FOLDING-DOOR, etc. 

Double door(s), a door consisting of two leaves, opening in 
the centre; also, two doors, one behind the other, closing 
the same opening, to prevent draughts, etc.; glass door, 
a door consisting mainly of glass panels; sliding door, 
a single or double door that opens by sliding into a recess. 

1785 Saran Fierpinc Ofhelia xv, The glass-door to the 
closet. 1840 Dickens Old C, Shop II. v. 36 This posture of 
affairs Mr. Brass observed through the glass-door. — Barn. 
Rudge xxviii, Hugh closed the double doors behind him. 
1871 Cartyce in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. 111, 177 The double 
door from her bedroom went wide open. 

ce. With definite or indefinite numerals, express- 
ing position in a series or row, and hence indicating 
the room or house to which the door belongs. 

1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv, At the Cross-daggers in 
Moor-fields, next door to the Popes Head Tavern. a 1735 
ArsuTunot (J.), Martin’s office is now the second door in 
the street, where he will see Parnel. 
Nundocomar 22/2 [He] lives three doors from the house 
I inhabited. 1885 Law Times Rep. LILI. 4509/1 Having 
taken offices a few doors off. 


| They ed when a man will be rich, he must set his soul 
ne 


1776 Trial of 


2. The opening or passage into a building or | 


room, which may be closed bya door; a doorway. 

1382 Wyciir 1 Kings xix. 13 Helias..goon out, he stode 
in the dore of the denne. c1450 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 7394 
Pe bischope in pe dure stode. 1595 SHaks. Merry W. 11. 
v. 103 They .. met the iealous knaue their Master in the 
doore. 1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 252 On the 
left-hand as one enters the door, 1842 Lane Arad. Nis. I. 
107 A door, which she entered. 

3. fig. A means of entrance or exit (in quot. 
1526 a means of closing) ; esf. in phr. Zo open a 
door to or for: to render possible the admission of ; 
to furnish opportunity or facility for; so to close 
the door upon, and the like. 

825 Vesp. Psalter cxl. 3 Duru ymbstondnisse weofle}rum 
minum. 971 Blick/. Hom. 9g Heofonrices duru. ¢1315 
SHorEHAM 55 Inewyt hys the dore-ward, The doren wyttes 
fyve. 1382 WyctiF 1 Cor. xvi. 9 A greet dore and euident 
..isopenydtome. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 131 b, 
Than shall the dore of discrecyon be put to our mouth. 1§70 
Bucuanan Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 31 Y’ prouidence of 
god had closit y® dur to all yair wickitnes, 1648 T. Gace 
New Survey W. Ind. xxi. 191 But this doore of hope 
was fast shut up. 1670 CLARENDON Contempi, Ps. Tracts 
(1727) 561 To.. open a door for the most confounding 
Atheism to break in. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4342/1 Opening 
a Door to the French to assault us that Way. 1863 Kinc- 
LAKE Crimea (1876) I. xii. 195 Which left open a door to 
future negotiation. 

4. transf. Anything resembling a door in its 
motion or use; a lid, valve; an opening, a passage. 

1665 Hooke Microgr. ” How those Atoms come to be 
hindred from running all out, when a dore or passage in 
their Poresis made. 1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northamft, 
12 Ash-Timber, for the Doors of Bellows. 1719 Lonpon & 
Wise Compl. Gard. 169 A small Padlock fix’d to the Door 
of the Basket. 1840 Greener Sc. Gunnery 259 Place on 
this the cap, shut the door, cock your gun. 

5. Phrases. a. + At door: at the door; out at 
door, -s, =out of doors; #7 at door, -s, =indoors 
(obs.). See also A-poors. Jn doors: within doors, 
in or into the honse: see Inpoors. Next door (to): 
in the next house (to); hence fig. very near (to), 


bordering (on), Out (+ forth) of doors: out of the 
house; in the open air, abroad; hence fig. ovt of 


place, lost, abroad, irrelevant, worthless to 
+ Zo (the) door: out of the house or room (ods. 
Within door(s: in a house or building, indoors; 
also fig. so as not to be heard outside the door. 
Without doors: out of doors. 

1386 Cuaucer Nun's Priest's T. 557 Out at dores stirten 
theyanon. c1450 Merlin 32 a ete ‘on oute at dore, 
1 (aay tenet Pl (1867) 82 He turnde hir out at doores, 
1 inzet Last Blast Wks. 1888 I.45 Repellit and schot to 
the dure. 1§77 St. Aug. Manual 71 Love driveth feare out 
of doores. oS G, Petrie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ui. (1586) 


602 


156 Some fathers will not suffer their Daughters to set their 
foote foorth of dores. 158x Muncaster Positions viii. (1887) 
pp Cnet Se vend eRe tens ene ee 
PENSER Col. Clout 711 Out of doore quite shit. 
Oth, ww, ii. 144 S within doore. 1633 G. 
Temple, Praise iv, May dwell next doore, On the same 
floore. a W. WuarEiry Prototypes Wi, Xxxi. (1 
Hee may sit without doores long e! 
Comm. Exod. x. 28 Destruction is at next door by. 1657-8 
Burton's Diary (1828) 11. #56 All precedents are out of 
doors in this case. 1682 Bunyan Holy War Pref. 159 
Well, now go forward, step within the dores. L~ 
LER Sec. Defence (1730) Foal A Place where Thinking is 
out of Doors. 1719 De ‘o£ Crusoe 1. xvi, I kept .. within 
doors. bid. 11. i, To be next door to starving. /did. 1. xvi, 
That Objection is out of Doors. Wo corr (P. Pindar) 
Rowl. for Oliver Wks. 11. 378 Kick the Arts and Sciences 
to door. 1816 Keatince 77rav, (1817) I. s Jew is not 
rmitted to appear without-doors save in black. Lp. 
avonvex in Wemyss Reid FF (1891) II. xii. 19 These 
children. .live .. out of doors all day. 1875 E. Wuite Life 
in Christ 1. i. (1878) 20 It is next door to cannibalism. Mod. 
You had better remain in doors. 


6. +70 drink or eat out of doors: to bring to des- 
titution by excessive drinking or eating: cf. Eat v. 
4a. + Zo fetch at the doors of: to obtain from. 
To lay, lie, or be at the door of; to impute, or be 
imputable or chargeable to. + Zo leap over the 
door : to esca 
door : to apply oneself diligently. + Zo set behind 
the door: see quot.1552. Zo darken a door: see 
DarkEN 6b. To keep open doors: see OPEN. 

1552 Latimer Serm. St. Andrew's Day Wks. Il. 262 


behind the door; that is to say, he must use falseh and 
deceit. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 464/2 We must 
not therefore spare our selues..but set our handes to the 
dore, as the prouerbe is. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 
10 A part of the Commonwealth has leaped over the door. 
Jbid. 166 It is so much for your honour..to have the Scotch 
fetch their laws at your doors. 1659 D, Pett Jip. Sea 437 
Many Sailors drink. .wives and children out of doors. 1683 
Lond. Gaz. No. 1835/3 The fault will lye at their doors. 
1701 W. Wotton //ist. Rome 299 The Blood .. must all be 
layd to his door. 1749 Firtpinc Zom Jones 1. vii, You 
have in a manner laid your sins at my door, 1833 TENNYSON 
Lady Clara vi, The guilt of blood is at your door. : 

+e. Js the wind in (at) that door? =is the wind 
in that quarter ?, is that the tendency of affairs? 

1470-85 Ma.ory Arthur vu. xxxv, ‘What ! neuewe, is the 
wynde in that dore’? 1589 Marfrel. Epit. Biv, Is the 
winde at that dore with you brother deane? 1596 Suaks. 
1 Hen. JV, 1. iii. 102. 1668 Drypen Evening's Love w. i, 
Is the Wind in that Door? Here’s like to be fine doings. 

7. attrib, and Comb, a. attrib., as door-arch, 
-archway, -curtain, -handle, -jamb, -key, -knob, 
-knocker, -latch, -lintel, -lock, -panel, -porch, -ring, 
-scraper, etc. b. objective and obj. genitive, as 
door-banging, -dressing, -opener,-warder, ©. door- 
‘tke adj., door-wise adv. 

1886 Wittis & Crark Cambridge II. 162 A square-headed 
*door-arch. 19707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4364/4 Window-Curtains, 
and *Door-Curtains. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Door- 
Jastener, a portable contrivance for fastening a door. 
Grote Greece 11. xxxix. V. 64 Leaving the hands 
hanging ~~ grasping the *door-handle. 1837 Marrvat 
Dog-fiend Xi. iii. (L.) Leaning against the *door-jamb for 
support 

cket for the *door-key. — Nich. Nick. xv, When Lords 

reak off *door-knockers and beat policemen. 1 Ww. 
MeItwraitu Guide Wigtownshire 75 Shattered *door- 
lintels. 1654 Evetyn Diary 16 July, 
tolerable price. 1787 Hawkins Life Sohnson 123 A repre- 
sentation of St. John’s gate ..on the “door-pannel. 1 
Coverpate Zeek, xlvi. 2 Then shal the prynce come vnder 
the *dore porche, & stonde still without by the dore cheke. 
1682 Mitton Hist. Mosc. v. (1851) 
noise, as shakes the *Door-rings of Houses..ten mile off. 
1616 Surrt. & Markn. Country Farme 87 It must be made 
higher than the *dor-window. 1798 CuaRrLotte Smitn 
Young Philosopher 11. 32 One sash opening *door-wise. 

8. Special combs.: door-alarm (see quot.) ; 
door-boy, a boy who guards the door of a passage 
in a mine; door-fall, the falling door of a trap; 
door-frame, (@) a door-case (Nicholson Pract. 
Builder 1823); (6) the structure forming the 
skeleton of a panelled door; + door-gate, an en- 
trance ; door-head, the upper part of a door-case ; 
door-land (.Sc.), a plot oe near a door (For- 
syth Beauties Scotl. IV. 254); door-money, 
money taken at the door of a place of entertain- 
ment; + door-neighbour, a near or next-door 
neighbour; door-piece +(@) a curtain before a 
door; (4) see quot. 1869; + door-pin, the ‘ pin’ 
or bolt of a door; door-plane (see quot.) ; door- 
sign, a sign upona door; door-stone, a threshold 
stone, a flagstone before a door; door-stop, a 
device to stop a door from opening too widely or 
closing too forcibly ; also, the slip of wood against 
which it shuts in its frame; door-swell, a kind of 
swell-box in an organ; door-weed, a name for 
Polygonum aviculare (Dunglison Med. Lex. 1857). 

1874 Knicut Dict, Mech.,* Door-alarm, a device attached 
to a door, to give an audible notice when the door is opened, 
1624 Bepett Let?, iii. 59 By the most chaffie that 
euer was set before the eyes “+e Fowle, [you] were 
b ht to the *doorefall R. B, Anperson tr. Ryd- 

ve’s Teut. Mythol. 214 The *door-frames were covered 
with the soot of centuries. a1g29 SkeLton Womanhod, 


| *door-stane.’ 


yrs 


DOOR-PLACE. 


Wanton, &c., 26 Of 
2703 Moxon Mech. 
PEIGHT eS per 410 The “*door-lintel..was .. 


7 
. 
Lf 

& 


ae 
fe 


— thoy deny tt 8s Sp Roce eaneee ie 


: 
FE 
iG 


P 


ion of a lift of 


£ 

4 

g 

E 

=} 

z 

f 

s 
wee 
# 


may be p i 

1881 Younc £ Man own Mechanic 

§ 1285 The *door-stops may be nailed to the casing and the 

door hung. 1852 Serpe. 2 27 The roof or “door 

..when accurately constructed (of oak wood), is the best. 
Doora, doorah, var. of Durra. 


+ Doo'r-band. O¢s. A strip-hinge (see Bayp 


| 5b.1 3); also, (?) the bolt or fastening of a door. 


| Beverlac (1829) 622 Pro 4 doore 


runout. + Zoset one’s hand to the | 


sth 


1838 Dickens O. 77st xxvi, Fumbling in his | 


A *dore-lock of a | 


08 Such a terrible | 


1379 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) 111. 102 Et in j doreband 
elongand. ibidem, 1d. -. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 7 25 
Hic gumfus, a dor » oi Compotus in Pou 


nds 12d, 
+ Door-bar. Ods. [see Bar sd.1 8.] A bar 


of wood, iron, etc. put across a door to secure it. 
13.. Sir Benes 1622+ 43 (MS. C) The dore barre he toke 
honde And slewe all pat he pere fonde. 1425 Voc. in Wee 
Wiilcker 667/39 Hoc re, lum, dorebar. 1575 J. Sti. 
Gamm. Gurton v. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 242 Onles thy 
head and my doore-bar kyste. 1617 Yanna Ling. 742 The 


snaile creepeth beyond the doore-barres. 
spell. a. A bell in a house, connected 


with the door by a wire, and rung by means of a 
handle. b. A bell fixed on a door or door-case so 
as to be rung in opening the door ; =door-alarm. 
c1815 Jane Austen Persuas. (1833) II. ii. 330 Lady 
Russell could not hear the door-bell. 1875 TatmaGE Around 
Tca-table ii. 8 The storm was so great that the door-bell 


went to sleep. 
Doorr-case. [Case sd.2 5.] The case or 


frame lining a doorway, in which the door is hung. 

1 Bond in Ducarel Hist, Croydon App. (1783) 154, 
x d. the foote for the dorecases. 1665 Perys Diary 7 
The window-cases, door-cases, and chimneys, of all the 
house are marble, 1762-71 H. Warore Vertue's Anecd. 
Paint. (1786) 111. 147 Door-cases of alabaster with rich 
foliage. 1886 Wits & CLark pci 1. 489 The west 
door-case..appears to be of the same yellow stone. 

Doo’r-cheek. Now worth. dial, [CnEex sd. 
9.] One of the side-posts of a door ; a door- 

1535 CoverDALe J/sa. vi. 3 The geastes and dorechekes 
moued at their crienge. 160r Hottanp Pliny II, 313 The 
side posts or dore cheeks of any house. 161a-15 Br. Haut 
Contempl. O. T. vin. i, The destroying angel sees the 
doore-cheekes of the Israelites sprinkled with red. 
Scorr Hrt. Midi. x, ‘1 daur ye..to name sic a word at my 
door-cheek !’ 18g5 E. Waucu Lanc. Life (1857) 198 
hale old man..leaned against the door-cheek. 

Doore, obs. f. Door, DowEr. 

Doored (doe1d), a. [f. Doorn+-zp?.] Having 
a door or doors; chiefly in comd., as low-doored. 

1839 Baitey Festus (1854) 97 The open doored 
1861 Neate Notes pd & etc. 25 It is Loser Sa 
doored pews. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 304 

ing. . by doored archway 
Dooring, error for door-ring: see in 7.] 


‘r-keeper, doo'rkeeper. One who keeps 

or guards a door; a janitor, porter, ostiary, P 

1535 Coverpate 1 Chron. x. [ix.] 26 Vnto these foure maner 
of chefe dorrk were the Leuites committed. — Ps, 
Ixxxiii. (Ixxxiv.] 10 A dore keper in the house of my God. 
1576 Fieminc Panopi. Epist. 354 The isa ¢ 
dorekeeper. 1608 Suaxs. Per. 1V. vi. 126 Avaunt, 
damned door-keeper! 1809-10 Cotenince Friend (1865) 
179 Privileged. .to pass into the theatre without s 
the door-keeper's box. 


Doo'rless, «. 
axs0o Grave in Ei Beitr. (89a) 11 Dureleas is 
hus. azaco Worcester Fi . ibid. 3 On durelease 
huse. 1818 Scorr Art, Midi. xf The doorless Liga | 
A. Arnowp in Contemp. Rev. June 41 Doorless 
rman: see DooRsMAN, ‘ 
Door-mat. A mat placed before a door for 
cleaning the Poa before entering. 
H £7 ~6A venient substance to 
make Bedemates, or Boor-matts of. 1808 Med. Fra. KIX. 
1 Of this plant..door mats or basses are made. 
4 Our jesting 
th 


W. Exswortn Roxd, Baill, V. u. p. xi, 
upon the door-mat with the Reader. 
Door-nail. A large-headed nail, wi 
doors were formerly studded for strength 
tion, or ornamentation: now chiefly in 
terative phr. as dead, deaf, dumb, 
nail: see DEAD a, 32 b., DEaF a. 1 4., 
See by Todd to be The nail on which 
doors the knocker struck’. ae of this 
Dean a, 32) Riley Lond. 
(as sav go dora aoa a Alexander 
Bio Dom as a dore-na’ was « 
D b. Mrs. GaSKELL North ¢ 3 
xvii, Pho wort bn Fn + Bone 1866 Rocers Agric. 
& Prices 1. 497 ——— floor and roof-nails. , 
. DURN, 


ie 


E 


i 


F 
F 


et 
i 


a ee Pe 


pee -LEss.] Having no door, ~ 


DOOR-PLATE. 


cover'd a Door-place in the wall. 

A door-place now walled up, which led into the. .church. 
Doo'r-plate. <A plate, usually of metal, on 

the door of a house or room, bearing the name, etc. 


of the resident. 

* Spirit Pub. Frnis. (1824) 94 Door plates of misters 
an 
door-plate. 1 ‘, M. Crawrorp Rom. Singer 1. 23 A 
marble door-plate, engraved in black with his name. 

Doo'r-post. e post on each side of a door- 
way, on one of which the door is hung. 

1535 CoverDALE ek. xlv. 19 The dorepostes of the ynner- 
mer courte. 15§5r CrowLey Pleasure & Payne 93 Ye deafe 
dorepostis, coulde ye not heare? 1840 Dickens Old C. 
Shop xviii, The landlord was leaning against the door- 


Pont : : 

Doorr-sill. The sill or threshold of a door. 

1563-87 Foxr A. § M. (1596) 259/1 To Rome. .to uisit the 
doorsels of the Apostles [dimzixa Apostolorum). 1681 W. 
Ropertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 494 A door-cill, or thres- 
hold of a door. 1758 Jounson /dler No. 15 ® 2 She. .stands 
gaping at the door-sill. 186x Gro, Exiot Sédas M. i. (L.), 

e€ invited no comer to step across his door-sill. 

Doo'rsman, doo‘rman. An attendant at the 
door of a shop or place of entertainment. 

1858 Evening Star 18 June, Doorsman to a photographic 
artist. 1895 Daily News 10 Jan. 5/2 A ‘doorsman,’ whose 
business it was to. .invite the patronage of the public. 


Doo'r-stead. [Sreap, a place.] A place for 
a door; a doorway. 

1552 [see Door-pLacr. ] a Nottingham Ree. IV. 283 
That the doresteades be walled vp. 1617 in Willis & Clark 
Cambridge (1886) 1. 204 Two doorsteedes with free stone 
james and white stone heddes. x Warsurton Lett. 
(1809) 392 Did nobody clog up the King's door-stead more 
than I. 1849 Fraser's Mag. XL. 540 He was struck with 
lightning on his grandmother's doorstead. 

b. A timber framing, like a door-case, used -to 
support the roof of a gallery, in coal-mining. ? Ods. 

1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Giij, The Side-pieces..we 
call Doorsted-Forks; they have a collar on the Top-end in 
which the Head-tree resteth. 

Doo'r-step. The step at the threshold of a 
door, raised above the level of the ground outside. 

1810 Cromek Rem. Nithsdale Song 301 (Jam.) Coupe 

re dish-water farther frae yere door-step. 1840 Dickens 
Old C. Shop U1. x. 74 She..sat down upon a door-step. 1874 
L. Srernen Hours in Library Boe) IL. vi. 200 The 
prudent person whose charity ends at his own doorstep. 

+ Doo'r-tree. Ods. =Door-post, Door-Bar. 

c1ago Gen. § Ex. 3155 De dure-tren and de uuerslazen, 
wid ysope de blod ben drazen. c 1300 Havelok 1806 Haue- 
lok lifte up the dore-tre And..he slow hem thre. 1377 
Lanct. P. PZ. B. 1. 185 As ded as a dore-tree. 

Doo'rward, sé. arch. Also 4 durward, 
-warth. [f. OE. weard warden, keeper.] A door- 
keeper, porter, janitor. An official title under the 
early Scottish monarchy ; =warder of the palace. 

cso Lindisf. se Sotase 3Dissumde duruard [ Ags. Gosp. 
Seatweard]ontyned. c 1000 Aiirric Past. Ep.» 34 in Thorpe 
Laws M1. 378 (Bosw.-T.) Ostiarius is duruweard. c 1205 
Lay. 17672 He wende to pan burhjate..and gratte pene 
dureward, 1340 Ayend. 121 Ee yefbe of drede is be doreward 
to pe greate preste. 1375 Barsour Bruce ut. tor Thar 
surname wes makyne-drosser ; That is al-so mekill to say 
her As ‘the Durwarth sonnys’ perfay. 1605 CAMDEN 
Rem. (1637) 126 Dooreward, that is, Porter. 1828-40 
Tyrer Hist. Scot. (2879) I. 248 The Chamberlain, and the 
hostiarius or doorward. Burton Hist. Scot. 11. 213 
Nicholas de Soulis, descended of the marriage of Marjory, 
a natural daughter of Alexander II, to Alan the Durward. 

Doo'rward, -wards, adv. (adj.) [see -warp.] 
Towards the door. , 

¢ 1400 Beryn 477 And drow3e to Kittis dorward to herken 
and to list. 1838 D. Jerrotp Mex of Char. i. (Hoppe), His 
landlord began to cast significant glances Sosiraels. 

Doo'rway. The opening or passage which a 
door serves to close or open; the space in a wall 
occupied by a door and its adjuncts ; a portal. 

1799 Soutuey Eng. Eclog. vi, Sitting at evening in that 
open door-way. 1858 Loner. MZ. Standish 1x. 57 The 
bridegroom went forth and stood with the bride at the 
doorway. 1874 Parker /dlusty. Goth. Archit. 1. iii. 59 

e rich Doorways form one of the most important features 
of late Norman work, 

attrib, 1864 WeBsterR, Door-way-plane, the space between 
the door-way, pro rly so called, and the larger door-arch- 
way within which it is placed. It is often richly orna- 
mented with sculptured figures. 

}00'r- 2 OS A 
about the door of a house. 

1854 Lowett Cambr, (Mass.) 30 Vrs. Ago Prose Wks. 
1890 I. 59 The flowers which decked his little door-yard, 
1878 Emerson in NV. Amer. Rev. CKXVI. 412 We send to 
England for shrubs, which grow as well in our own door- 
yards and cow-pastures. 

Doosen, doozen, obs. forms of Dozen. 

Doost, dooth, obs. f. dost, doth: see Do v. 

Doote, obs. form of Dorr. 

Dooty, var. f. Dxort, loin-cloth. 

+ Dop, v. Oss. [ME. doppen:—OE. type *dop- 

zan, represented by freq. doppettan to dip, immerse, 

aptize, and sbs. doppa, dop-enid, DorrE; f. weak 
le of *deup-an: see Dip v. and DepE v.] 

1. zntr. To descend or sink suddenly into water 
or the like, to 9 ot ‘pop’ down; to dive. 

¢ 1380 Wyctir Sevm. Sel. Wks. I. 246 Pei doppen now to 
helle, 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu. xxvi. (1495) 429 
~The Gomes Mergulus and hath that name BF ofte 
-doppynge plungynge. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 


yard or garden-patch 


1805 Mod. Lond. 189 | 


mes. ~ re Dickens S%. Bos (1850) 70/1 The brass | 


603 


421 Like Tonny Fish they be, which swiftly dive and dop 
into the depth of Ocean Sea. 1682 DryvpEN Unhappy Fa- 
vourile Epil. 2 We..like drowning men, But just peep up, 
and then dop down again. 


2. To duck or suddenly drop the head or body ; 
to curtsy. : 

c 1587 in Hazl. £. P. P. IL. 126 This fained frier. .dopped 
than, and greet this man religiously and ofte. 1635 J. 
Rous Diary (Camden) 79 He dops, ducks, bowes, as made 
all of joints. 1692 Dennis Poems in Burlesque 9, 1 dopt 
for safety as an Officer Does ina Fight, when he’s a Novice. 

3. trans. To immerse smartly, to dip (as in 
baptism). 

1538 Bate God's Promises vu. in Dodsley O. PZ. I. 36 
Preache to the people .. Doppe them in water—they know- 
ledgynge their offence. 1633 Rocrers 7veat. Sacram. 
1. 78 Hee should bee baptized, which word signifieth .. to 
= or dop the body, or some part of it, into the water. 

. Angling. (trans, and intr.) =Dapr v. I. 

1651 T. Barker Art of Angling (1653) 7 Dop your Flie 
behinde a Bush, which angling I have had good sport at; 
we call it doping. 1653 WaLTon Avzgler iv. 118 With these 
[flies] and a short line, as I showed to angle for achub—you 
may dap or dop. 

Hence Do'pping v0. sé. and Afi. a. 

1398 [see 1]. 1897 15¢ Pt. Return fr. Parnass. Prol. 2 
That dopping curtesie, That fawninge bowe. 1654 H. 
L’Estrance Chas. /. (1655) 96 Erecting of fixed altars, the 
dopping and cringing raed them. _ 

+ Dop, sé.'! Ods. [f. prec. vb.] A curtsy, a dip. 

1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, The Venetian dop 
this. 1650 T. Bayty /erba Parietis 28 Making many 
pretty dops, and curtchees. 1704 D’UrFey /ed/ beyond H. 
94 Salutes the Punts with Bows and Dops. @1825 Forsy 
Voce. E. Anglia, Dop, a short quick curtsey. 

Dop (dep), 54.4 [a. Du. dof shell, husk, cover.] 

+1. The pupa-case or cocoon of an insect. rare. 

1yoo LeuweNHOECK in PAil. Trans. XXII. 640, I have 
seen some flies as soon as ever they came out of their Dop. 

2. Diamond-cutting. A small copper cup with 
a handle, into which a diamond is cemented, to 
be held while being cut or polished. 

1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts §& Sc. s.v. Diamond-cutting, 
Diamonds, soldered into a hollow piece of metal: the work- 
men call them dops. 1882 Standard 5 Sept. 6/2 ‘The 

olisher sets the diamond in a mass of solder held in a little 

rass cup about an inch in diameter, with a string of stout 
copper wire fora handle. This instrument is called a ‘dop’. 
op, obs. form of DEEe. 

Dopchick, -en, obs. or dial. = DaBcuick. 

Dope (dowp). [app. a, Du. doop dipping, sauce, 
etc., f. doopen to dip.] 

1. Any thick liquid or semi-fluid used as an 
article of food, or as a lubricant. U.S. 

18.. Sci. Amer. Supp. XXII. 9033 (Cent.) ‘Dope’, a prepa- 
ration of pitch, tallow, and other ingredients, which, being 
sapiee to the bottom of the shoes, enables the wearer to 
lightly glide over the snow softened by the rays of the sun. 

. An absorbent material used to hold a lubri- 
cant ; the absorbent element in a high explosive. 

1880 Trans. Amer. Inst. Min, Eng. VAIN. 417 Hercules 
powder. .contains a very large proportion of nitrate of soda 
. .the remainder of the dope being incombustible carbonate 
of magnesia. 1881 Raymonp J/ining Gloss. s.v. Explosives, 
Giant-powder, a mixture of nitroglycerin with a dry pul- 
verized mineral or vegetable absorbent or dope. 

Dople, Doplyt, obs. forms of DouBLE, -rT. 

+ Doppe. Oss. [OE. doppa in dufedoppa: 
see DiveDAP, and Dor v.] A bird that dops or 
dives ; a dabchick. 

13.. K. Adis. 5776 Hy plumten doune, as an doppe, In the 
water, at on scoppe. 

+ Do'pper!. Oés. Also 5 dooper, dowpar. 
[f. Dor v. + -ER1.] One who or that which ‘ dops’. 

1. A diving-bird, a didapper. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 127/1 Doppar, or dydoppar, watyr 
byrde. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doppar, byrde. 1634 W. Woop 
New Eng. Prosp. 1. viii, Snites, Doppers, Sea-Larkes. 

2. A fishing-rod used in ‘ dopping’ or dapping. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 103/1 A Dopper is a strong 
long Rod very tite. 

Dopper®* (dgpor). Also 7 doper. » [ad. Du. 
dooper, dipper, baptist, f. doofen to dip ; erroneously 
shortened after Dop v.] A (Dutch) Baptist or 
Anabaptist ; = DIPPER 2. 

1620 B. Jonson News fr. New World Wks. (Rtldg.) 
65/2 Aworld of Doppers! 1625 — Staple of N.11. ii, This 
is a Doper,a she Anabaptist! 1881 Daily News 21 Jan. 5/5 
Paul Kruger. - Belonging to the sect of the Doppers. 

Dopping: see under Dop v. 

Dopplerite (dg‘plerait). Ain. [Named 1849, 
f. Doppler, surname of a German physicist : see-ITE.] 
‘A hydrocarbon found in certain peat beds, amor- 
phous and jelly-like when fresh, and elastic when 
dried, looking like black pitch’ (Dana AZiz. (1854) 
474)- 

, 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 345 Dofpfplerite. occurring 
in Do- in the peat near Aussee in Styria. 

+ Do PY. Obs. [ad. It. doppia a double, ‘also a 
double ducket of gold’ (Florio).] A former gold 
coin of Italy, worth, in different states, from 11s. 4d. 
to 215.3 a pistole. 

1691 Lond. Gas. No. 2721/2 Should pay them 1400 Dop- 
Pies at two terms, 1692 Tue No. 2730/7, [x858 Simmonps 
Dict. Trade, Dofpfia, another name for the pistole.] 

+ Dopt, aphetic f. Aporr v. Ods. 

163t H. Cuertie Tvag. Hoffman (N.), Should hee bee 
dopted, I would dopt him, and herrite him. 


DOR. 


Dor, dorr (dg), sé.1 Also 4-7 dorre, 5-8 
dore, 7 doar. [OEF. dora: of unknown origin.] 


-An insect that flies with a loud humming noise. 


+1. Applied to species of bees or flies ; also dov- 
bee, dor-fly. spec. a. A humble-bee or bumble- 
bee. b. A drone bee. ce. A hornet. d. fig. A 
drone, a lazy idler. Ods. 

ajoo Epinal Gloss. 119 Atticus, dora. c¢1000 Sax. 
Leechd. VW. 28 Doran hunigz and ticcenes zeallan. /did., 
Pa ahsan zemenge wid dorena huniz. croso Cleopatra 
Glosses in Wr.-Wiilcker 351 Adéicus, feldbeo, dora. 
1330 Arth. § Merl. 6428 So dorren don and _flesche 
fleighen. 14.. Lat. § Eng. Voc.in Wr.-Wiilcker 576 Crado, 
adore. c1sro Barciay Airy. Gd. Manners (1570) Cv, If 
there come a ‘hornet, a dor, or greater flye, They breake 
the light webbes. 1551 Ropinson A/ore’s Utop. (Arb.) 38 
Gentlemen which can not be content to liue idle them- 
selfes, lyke dorres. 1574 Hytt Ord. Bees xiii, If the Dorre 
bees be over many in the hive .. do on this maner. @ 1613 
J. Dlennys] Sec Angling uw. xxxv. in Arb. Garner I. 173 
With brood of wasps, of hornets, doars, or bees. 1653 
Uroqunarr Radbelazs 1. xvi, This forrest was most horribly 
fertile and copious in dorflies. 1658 RowLanp Moxnfet's 
Theat, Ins. 894 The Dors also and Drones they kill, 168 
Cuetuam Angler's Vade-m. iv. § 14 (1689) 45 Resembling 
a young Dore or Humble-bee. 

2. A flying coleopterous insect or beetle; also 
dor-beetle, dor-fly. spec. & The common black 
dung-beetle or dumble-dor (Geotrupes sterco- 
rartus), which flies after sunset. b. The cockchafer 
or may-bug. ec. The rose-beetle. Also, vaguely, 
other species, chietly of lamellicorn beetles. 

ax450 /ysshynge w. Angle (1883) 26 In June take the 
creket & the dorre & also a red worme. 1598 YoncG 
Diana 309 The dore, a little creature, so vile, and common. 
1620 Markuam Farvew,. Husd. 11. xvii. (1668) 76 The cure or 
prevention for these Dores, or black Clocks. 1653 WALTON 
Angler ii. 54 The Dor or Beetle (which you may find under 
a Cow-turd). rgrx Phil. Trans. XXVII. 347 The next is a 


+ 3. fig. Applied to persons. Oés. 

1599 b. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 11. iii, What should I care 
what every dor doth buzze In credulous eares? 1645 M1LTon 
Colast. (1851) 377 Infested, somtimes at his face, with dorrs 
and horsflies. 1649 G. Dante, 7rinarch. The Author 8 
Nor. .to stoope at the thicke-shell’d Dorrs of Obiection. 

4. Comb., as dor-bee, dor-beetle (see 1, 2); dor- 
bug, a name applied in America to various beetles, 
esp. Lachnosterna fusca; dor-fly (see 1, 2); dor- 
hawk, the goatsucker or night-jar ; +dor-head, 
a stupid or blundering fellow = BEETLE! 4 (0ds.). 

1849 PARKMAN Oregon 77. (1872) 42 The *dor-bugs hummed 
through the tent. 1852 Hawrnorne Blithedale Rom. 1. iv. 
55 Our fire-light will draw stragglers, just as a candle draws 
dorbugs. 1863 T. W. Hiccinson Out-door Papers (1874) 
271 The Dytiscus, dorbug of the water, blunders clumsily 
against it. 1668 Sir ‘I’, Browne IVs. (1848) 11. 505 Have 
you acaprimulgus, or *dorhawk ? 1766 PENNANT Zool. (1768) 
II. 246 The goat-sucker..feeds on moths, gnats, and dorrs 
or chaffers ; from whence Charlton calls it the Dorrhawk. 
1832 Worpsw. ‘Calu is the fragrant air’ 22 The busy 
dor-hawk chases the white moth With burring note. ~ 1577 
tr. Bullinger’'s Decades (1592) 460 There is none so very 
a *dorrhead as that hee vnderstandeth not [etc.] 

+Dor, 54.2 Obs. Also dorre. [Goes with Dor v.1; 
perh. from ON. ddr scoff, in phr. draga dar at to 
make game of.] 

Scoff, mockery, ‘making game’ chiefly in phrase 
To give (any one) the dor: to make game of, 
mock, subject to ridicule; so ¢o put the dor upon, 
to receive or endure the dor, etc. (From quot. 


1552, perh. originally a term at cards.) 

1ss2 Hutoet, Dorre at cardes. 1570 Levins A/anif. 
170/24 A Dorre, blanke, argutia. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's 
Rev. v. ii, Which [change of colour] if your antagonist. . 
shall ignorantly be without, and ycurself can produce, you 
give him the dor. [See the whole passage.] 1611 SPEED 
Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. $ 33 The dorre, which.. Hubert, did 
put vpon King John and his late designe. @ 1616 Brau. 
& Fr. Lover's Progr. 1. i, 1 would not receive the dor. 
1625 Fretcuer Love's Pilgr. ut. ii, What dor unto a doat- 
ing maid this was, What a base breaking off? a 1625 — 
Woman Pleased mi. iii, I will never bear this, Never endure 
this dor. 1633 P. Fretcuer Purple Js/. vu. xxv, There oft 
to rivals lends the gentle Dor, Oft takes—his mistress by— 
the bitter bob. 1642 Mitton Aol. Smect. 82 [He] brings 
home the dorre upon himself. a@1734 Nortu Lives I. 361 
They all thought he had put the dor, as they say, upon the 
chief justice. 1835 Kincstey Westw. Ho! xxxi, He has 
given the Lord High Admiral the dor. — 

+ Dor, 50.3 Obs. rare-'. [perh. = ON. dari 
fool, buffoon; cf. prec. and Dor v.']_ A fool. 

1899 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev, v. i, This night’s sport, 
Which our court-dors so heartily intend. 

+ Dor, v.1 Obs. Also dorre. [Goes with Dorsé.?; 
perh. from ON. déra to mock, make sport of. 

Gifford’s conjecture that it is derived from Dor sé.1, in re- 
ference to the desultory flight of the cock-chafer ‘ which ap- 
pears to mock or play upon the passenger, by striking him 
on the face’, appears unlikely.] 

1. ¢vans. To make game of, make a fool of, 
mock, befool, confound. Zo dor the dotterel: to 
cajole or hoax a simpleton : cf. DARE v.” 5. 

1570 Levins Manip. 170/24 To Dorre, a: si 

=—2 


1577 


DOR. 


Furkxe Confut. Purg. #2 Thinke not to dorre vs with 
Greens name. 159t Harincton Ori. Fur. v. ? (N.) 

hat, hop’d you that with this I could be dor'd 1598 
B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. ww. vi, Oh that villaine dors 
me. 1614 — Barth. Fair w. i, Here he comes, whistle; be 
this sport call’d Dorring the Dotterel. *SMECTYMNUUS’ 
Aunsw. § 10 (1653) 42 But this is but a déind, wherewith the 
Bishop would Dorre his Reader. 1675 Corton Poet, Wks. 
(xs) 177 No more thou now shalt dorre me. 

intr. To make sport, mock. 

1655 tr. Scuderi’s Artamenes vu, u. IV. 96 There was not 

one of them which dorred at the difficulty of the enterprize. 
Dor, dorr, v.2 Ods. [Cf. Durr v.] érans. 
To make dim or dull (in colour); to deaden. 

1601 HoLtanp Pliny 1x. xxxviii. 1. 259 The lightnesse or 
sadnesse of the one [colour] doth quicken and raise, or els 
dorr and take downe the colour of the other. 1 
Plutarch's Mor. 130 By a good medly of them both to 
darken and dor the worst by laying the better to. 

Dor, obs. form of Dare v.'!, DEER. 

|| Dorado (dorado). [a. Sp. dorado gilded=F. 
doré, \t. dorato:—L. deauratus, pa. pple. of deau- 
rare to gild, f. de- + aurum gold: see Dory.] 

1. A fish (Coryphena hippuris) celebrated for its 
splendid colouring and the velocity of its move- 
ments ; also called dolphin: see DOLPHIN 2. 

1604 E. Grimstone tr. D’Acosta’s Hist. W. Indies (1880) 
164 They are pursued by the Dorados, and to escape them 
they leape out of the sea. 1626 Carr. Smitn Accid. Vung. 
Seamen 5 Fish-hookes, for Porgos, Bonetos, or Dorados. 
1796 STEDMAN Surinam 1. i. 9 Dolphins or dorados, which 
beautiful fish seem to take peculiar delight in sporting 
ee the vessels. 1852 Fn. Ross Humboldt’s Trav. 

. dil, 132. 

2. A South American river fish: see quot. 

1871 Gd. Words 720 In the deeper waters of the Uruguay 
are numbers of the dorado, or South American salmon .. a 
very handsome fish, of a bright golden colour. aed 

3. A southern constellation, also called Xiphias 
or the Sword-fish. 

1819 in Pantologia. 1823 Crass Techn. Dict., Dorado, a 
southern constellation not visible in our latitude. 1868 
Lockyer Elem. Astron. |xxxiv. 34. 

+4. fig. a. Arich man. Ods. b. See Et Dorano. 

1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. u.§ 1 A troop of these 
ignorant Doradoes. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 
379 He found not the sought for Dorado, a golden Prince 
indeed. 

Dor-bee, -beetle: see Dor s.! 

+ Dorbel. 0s. 1. The English form of Dorbel- 
/us, i.e. Nicholas de Orbellis (died 1455), a professor 
of Scholastic Philosophy at Poitiers, and a vehe- 
ment supporter of Duns Scotus. Hence, A scho- 
lastical pedant,a dull-witted person, dolt; cf. dunce. 

(1533 Fritu A nsw. More (1829) 412 Duns, Dorbell, Durand, 
and such draffe.) 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 158 
Then asse.. and foole and dolt and idiot, and Dunse and 
Dorbell and dodipoul .. and all the rusty-dusty jestes ina 
country. 1593 Nasne 4 Lett. Confut. 25 Howe Dorbell 
comes to bee Doctour none asks. 1621 Br. Mountacu 
i ta iii. 305 The dotages of those Talmudicall Dor- 
pels. 

2. Sc. ‘Anything that has an unseemly appearance.” 

So Dorrbelish a., stupid, awkward, clumsy; 
also (nonce-wvds.) + Dorbe‘llical a., + Do'rbel- 
lism, | Do'rbellist. i 

1s9z Nasne P. Penilesse Eij, Thy sheepish discourse. . 
was so vglye, dorbellicall and lumpish. 1593 — Christ's 7. 
64 a, Wil te then hope to beate them [Atheists] down 
with fusty brown-bread dorbellisme? 1599 — Lenten Stuffe 
Ep. Ded., Olde Iohannes de Indagines and his quire of 
dorbellists. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Comm. (1878) 107 
They flocke to it as crowes to a dead carkasse .. be they 
neuer so ribauld, filthie, or dorbellicall. 1847-78 Hatur- 
wett, Dortelish, very clumsy. Linc. 

Dor-bug: see Dor sd.! 4. 

Dore, obs. form of Dark. 

+ Dorcake. Ods. A kind of cracknel. 

14.. Nominale in Wr.-Wiilcker 740/5 (De Panibus) Hec 
colirida, a dorcake. 

: Dorcas (dgukas). Name ofa woman mentioned 
in Acts ix. 36; hence, Dorcas Society, a ladies’ asso- 
ciation in a church for the purpose of making and 
providing clothes for the poor. So Dorcas basket, 
a basket of needlework for charitable purposes. 

7-78 Hatuwett, Dorcas, benevolent societies which 
furnish poor with clothing _—— or at a cheap rate. 
1857 Eleanor Clare's Frnl. in Househ. Words XVI. 199, I 
hope she will not bring a Dorcas basket to sew at. 1880 
Miss Brappon Fust as J am xliv, Lizzie worked for her 
Dorcas society. 

+ Doree, dorke. Ods. rare. Adapted forms of 
dorcas, Gr. Bopxas deer, gazelle. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 107 The curd of the 
Dorke is of the same vertue as that of a Hine. 1674 N. Cox 
Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 55 We have distinct Ages for these 
Dorces. 

Dorce, Dorcer, obs. forms of Dorsz, Dossrr!. 

Dorche, Sc. var. duergh, obs. f. DWARF, 

Dordum, var. of DirpuM. 
+t Dore, v. Obs. Cookery. [a. F. dore-v (1ath c. 
in Littré) to gild:—L. deaurare, f. de-+aurum 
gold: see Enporx.] trans, To glaze with saffron, 


yolk of egg, etc.; = ENDORE, ; 
¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 51 Pen coloure by capon wit! 

—— ote With a fen “age Two des 7 s. 38 
ore hem with sum grene ping, ly or 30! yroun. 
Dore, obs. f. Danz v,!, Door, Dor, Dower sd.2 


Doree, dorey, var. of Dory. 

Dor-fily, dorhawk: see Dor sd.1_ 

| Doria, dorea (dowria). [Hindi doriya 
striped (stuff), f. dor thread, line, streak, stripe.] 
A kind of stri Indian muslin. 

1696 J. F. Merchant's Ware-ho. 14 A sort of strip’d 
Muslings. .called Doreas, it being a Musling that is a yard 
half quarter broad, and the lest sorts of stripes of any 
Musling, and usually the coursest and cheapest of any sort. 
1 Lond. Gaz. No. 4284/3, 9 Chests or Bales of fine 

reas, etc. 1721 C. Kine Brit, Merch. 1. 223 Froma Long 
Cloth or Bast toa Mulmul or Dorea. 1858 Simmonps Dict. 
Trade, Dooriahs, a cotton fabric made in India. 
Catal. Col. & Ind. Exhib. 16 (Stanf.) Striped muslins, or 
dorias, are made at Dacca, Gwalior, agret. 

Dorian (doeridn), a. (sd.) [f. L. Dori-us (a. 
Gr. Adptos of Doris) +-AN.] Of Doris or Doria, 
a division of ancient Greece. Dorian mode, in 
Music, one of the ancient Grecian modes, charac- 
terized by simplicity and solemnity ; also, the first 
of the ‘authentic’ ecclesiastical modes. 


1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 1021 (R.) Plato .. chose | 


the Dorian, as that which is most beseeming valiant, sober, 
and temperate men. 1667 Mitton 7. L.1. 550 They move 
In perfect Phalanx to the Dorian mood Of Flutes and soft 
Recorders. 1774 Burney /ist. Afus. (1789) 1. iii. 53. 184% 
W. Spavinc /taly & /t. /s/.1. No Roman structures rose 
to contrast with the severe simplicity of the Dorian shrines. 
1846 Kester Lyra /nnoc. x. ix. 338 Some heart-thrilling 


chime, Some Dorian movement. 1867 Macrarren Harmony | 


i. 11 The Dorian is the first mode of the Ambrosian 
category. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 74 His actions, in 
the true Dorian mode, correspond to his words. 

B. sb. Anative or inhabitant of Doris; a member 
of one of the four great divisions of the ancient 
Hellenes or Greeks. 

1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. iv. § 14 The Dorians in- 
habiting probably where most of the Pelasgi had been. 
1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 89/2 The migration of the Dorians to 


the Peloponnese..is expressly stated to have occurred 80 | 


years after the Trojan war, 7. ¢. in 1104 B.C. 

Doric (dprik), a. and sd. [ad. L. Doric-us, a. 
Gr, Awpirds foe to Doris: ef. prec.] 

A. adj. 1. =Dortan; of or pertaining to the 
Dorians. 

1569 SpensER Visions of Bellay ii. in Theat. Worldlings, 
Fashiond were they all in Dorike wise. 1678 CupworTtu 
Intell. Syst. 296 Historiographers declare that Orpheus... 
wrote in the Dorick dialect. 1807 Roninson A rchevol. Greca 
v. xxiii. 534 The Phrygian mode was religious; the 
Lydian, plaintive ; the Doric, martial. 

b. Of a dialect, etc.: Broad, not refined; rustic. 

162r Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1676) 5/2 Those 
other faults of barbarism, Dorick dialect, extemporanean 
style, tautologies. 1637, Miton Lycidas 189 With eager 
thought warbling his Doric lay. 1855 J. F. F. in ¥. Wilson's 
Noct. Ambr, (1868) I. Pref. 17 There was a homely heartiness 
of manner about Hogg and a Doric simplicity in his address. 
1889 Athenzum 2 Mar. 281/3 All this was said... in the 
Doric dialect of the Lake District. 

2. Arch. The name of one of the three Grecian 
orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), of which it is 
the oldest, strongest, and simplest. 

(1563 SnutTe Archit. Eiv b, Tuscana, Dorica, TIonica, 
Corinthia, and Composita, increase their heightes by Dia- 
meters.) 1614 SeLpEN Zitles //on. Ded. Aija, Architec- 
ture of olde ‘temples .. was either Dorique, Jonique, or 
Corinthian according to the Deity’s seuerall nature. 1667 
Mitton P. LZ. 1. 714 Doric pillars overlaid With Golden 
Architrave. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 491 The 
style of this structure is..the Grecian Doric. 

B. sb. 1. a. The Doric dialect of ancient Greek. 
b. A ‘broad’ or rustic dialect of English, as that 
of the North of Hagiand Scotch, etc. 

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 90/2 The choruses in the Attic 
plays are written in a kind of Doric. 1870 Ramsay Remin. 
v. 127 ‘My Lord’, commenced John, in his purest Doric.. 
*I wad hae thocht naething o't’. 1872 C. Gipson For the 
King iii, The good doctor dropped into the broadest Doric. 

2. The Doric order of architecture. 

1812 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art I. 170. 08 Jb 
Steruens Jrav. Greece, etc. 18/1 A small but utiful 
specimen of the pure Doric. | Pe 

Hence + Dovrical a., Doric ; Doricism (-siz’m), 
a Doric form of sxpeeions ‘ ie 

1592 R. D. /ypnerotomachia 4, 1 heard a doricall songe. 
1608 1 Boye Bentley's Phal. ces) 43 There is not the a 
shadow of Doricism. 1699 Bentiey Phad. 472 Salmasius is 
pleas’d to prefer that Reading, as a Doricism. 

Dorism (doeriz’m). [ad. Gr. Awpop-ds speak- 
ing Doric, f. Awpifev: see DonizK.] 

1. The Dorian character of language, manners, etc. 

1870 A. W. Warp tr. Curtius’ Hist. Greece (879) Li. 
219 I'o counteract the one-sided and inflexible Dorism, and 
to introduce the beneficent germs of universal Hellenic 
culture into Sparta. ; 9 

2. A Doric form of fa pee 3 a Doricism. 

1698 Boyir Bentley's Phal. (ed. 2) 189 But let us hear a 
Second Apology that may be le for the Dorism of Dr 
Bentley. 1886 H. W. Smytu in Amer, Yrnui. Philol. Dec. 
427 ‘Those Dorisms which appear in the ian dialect 

+ Dorith. Obs. amen. in some way to Door.] 

cx Mem. Ripon (Surtees) 111. 204 Trem dorythes 
& lokes. bid. 206 Item for j par of + caumecs thingsal to 
the sayd dorith, 16d. 7 he 

Dorize (doeraiz), v. [ad. Gr. dwpifew to imi- 
tate the Dorians, f. Awpis Doris; see Dortan.] 

1. intr. To imitate Doric manners, etc.; to speak 
or write in Doric, 

1678 Cupwortu Jntel?. Syst, 296 In the Writings of such 


- DORMANT. 


as did not Dorize. c795 S. Parr Wks. ( Vil. 
T think with the lady in Pheocritus, that As Decne take 
a right to Dorize. 


2. trans. To render Doric in etc. 


1846 Grore Greece u. viii. 11. 608 Ionians, but 
dorised throu: i long subjection to Argos. Sy- 
monps Grk. Poets v. 136 Thebes. .Dorized by the Spartans. 


Dork, obs. form of Dark, Dirk. 


Dorke : see Doxcz. 
Dor’ (dg-akin), a. (sb.) [f. Dorking, in 
ame of a breed of poultry characterized 


Dorlach (df1lax). Sc. Also dorloch, 7 
darloch. [Gael. dorlach handful, dle, large 
quantity, quiver.] 

+1. A quiver. Ods. 

1574 Sc. Acts ¥as. VJ, (Jam.) And in the hielandis, haber- 
schonis, steilbonnettis, hektonis, swerdis, bows and dor- 
lochis, or culueringis. 1625-49 Sc. Acts Chas. I, (1814) V. 
357 (Jam.) Bodin in hosteill manner with hagbutis. . bowes, 
dorlaches, and wther. invasive wapones. W. Row 
Contn, Blair's Autobiog. xi. (1848) 298 The Highlanders 
emptying their dorlachs among them. ‘ 

2. ‘A bundle, apparently that kind of truss, 
formerly wom by our Highland troops, instead of 
a knapsack’ (Jam.) ; hence, a valise, portmanteau. 

a 1662 R. Barre Left. (1775) 1. 175 (Jam.) These supple 
fellows [the Highlanders] with their plaids, es and 
dorlachs. 1814 Scott Wav. xlii, There's Vich Ian Vohr has 

acked his dorlach, bid. xliv, His leather dorloch wi’ the 
lock on her was come frae Doune. 

+Dorrlot. Ods. rare. Also 4 dorilot. [a. OF. 
dorelot, dorlot knot of hair on the forehead, ‘a 
iewell or prettie trinket ... wherewith a woman 
sets out her apparell, or decks herselfe ’ (Cotgr.).] 
‘The head-dress of network, sometimes enriched 
with jewels, worn in the middle ages by ladies.’ 
Fairholt Costume (1860) 437. 

1340 Ayend, 177 Pet hi habbe uayr dorilot. x, 
Ebor. 1. 196, j kyngll, j dorlot, j armari. ¢1440 
Parv. 127/2 Dorlott, trica, caliendrum. 

+ Dorm(e. Obs. 7are. [f. stem of L. dorm-ire 
or F. dorm-ir to sleep: ef. Dormant.] Sleep, 
slumber, a doze. J dorme: dormant. 

1512 Nottingham Rec. U1. 339 Letting it [a sum of 
money] lyg in dorme, to the gret hurte of towne. 
1637 SANDERSON Serm. (1681) IL. 79 Not a calm soft sleep 
like that which our God giveth his ved ones; but asthe 
Slumbering Dorms of a sick man ; short and. .interrupted. 

So Dorm v., north. dial., to doze. 

In Dialect Glossaries of Huddersfield, Sheffield, etc. 

+ Dorman. Obs. [var. of dormand, Dormant] 

1. =Dormant sd, 1. 

1374 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I, 238 Balkes 

siue dor giystes et etiam stures. 1579 
(bid. 311 One dorman xxvii) foote longe xij ynch square, 
1598 lestry Bks. (Surtees) 274 For puttinge in of the dorman 
in the steaple loft, xij. Reeve 's Plea 221 This 
is but the misery of stonework, of A: » Dormans, Roofs. 

2. a. = Dormer 2. b. (More fully dorman-tile) 
= DormeER-¢i/e. 

1703 [see Dormer 2, 4). 

Dormancy (dpminsi). [f. next, or OF, dor- 
mance: see -ANCY.] Dormant condition; cf. next. 

1789 N. Forster in Parr’s Wks. (1828) Vil. 464. The 
dormancy of any such prerogative. ae | Phil. Trans. 
XCV. 18 During this dormancy, the animal may be frozen, 
without the destruction of the muscular irritability, 1825 
Lytton /atkland 37 Her only escape from misery had been 
in the dormancy of feeling. Florist’s Frni, 158 The 
period of dormancy or rest be brought on ually. 

Dormant (dfumint), a. and sb. Also t Bd 
-and, 5-7 -ond, -ound. [a. OF. dormant (12th c. 
in Hatz.-Darm.), pr. pple. of dormir :—L. dormire 
to sleep.] . adj. 

1. Sleeping, lying ey as asleep; hence, /ig. 
intellectually asleep ; with the faculties not awake ; 
inactive as in sleep. a 

C AM, Dormant, ing. 1 . Warts tr. 
Baws Ade Loti Pref ie ra ave fhe credulous, 
or too dormant. 168r Grew Afusaum (J.), His prey, for 
which he lies, as it were, dormant, till it swims within his 
reach. 19726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 285 That_he only lay dor- 
mant to meditate some Mischief tome, 1858 HawrHorne 
Fr. & Lt. ¥rnis. 1. 132 Some Romans were lying dormant 
in the sun, 1869 Farrar Mam, Speech iii. (1873) 104 The 
hitherto dormant members of the Aryan family. 

b. Of animals: With animation suspended. _ 

1772 Forster in Phil. Trans. LX, 378 It lies dormant 
the greater [oe of the winter. 

¢. Of plants: With development suspended. 

1863 Berxetey Brit. Mosses ii. 5 In dry weather they 
[Mosses] are often com: y t. 1882 Vines Sacks 
Bot. 640 The numerous dormant buds of woody plants ond 
long remain buried and yet retain their vitality. S, 
Soc. Lex. Dormant bud, a bud which remains, it may be 


fe ndeveloped on a plant stem. 

“a “er. Represented in a sh recumbent 

er — a rating os é 
‘evald Eliz. » etc. 

xv seonsale of lion in armys. it dormand. a 

T. Browne P. Ep.v. xX. 248 Yet were it not 


oo or 
Ewricx IV. 82 At his foot a cupid dormant. 


Test. 
‘romp. 


DORMER. 


R. R. Mapven Shrines § Sepulchres U1. 37, 1 would rather 
call the ancient figures dormant, ‘ 

2. In a state of rest or inactivity ; quiesceat; not 
in motion, action, or operation ; ‘ slumbering’, in 
abeyance. 

160r Hottann Pliny 11. 597 This riuer runneth but slowly, 
and seemeth a dead or ormane water. 1639 Eart or 
Barrymore in Lismore ore? Ser. 11. (1888) IV. 39 Your 
lordshipps directions. .must lye dormant by me. 1708 Swirr 
Abolit. Chr. Wks. 1755 I. 1. 85 What if there an old 
dormant statute or two against him, are they not now 
obsolete to a degree? 173r — Pulteney Ibid. IV. 1. 166 
Thy dormant ducal patent. 1766 Forpyce Serm. Yug. 
Wom. (1767) 1. vi. 257 It is possible for original talents to 
lie dormant, 1792 Cuirman Amer. Law Rep. (1871) 21 
Plaintiffs who have since revived a dormant claim. 1806 
Gazetteer Scot. (ed. 2) 390 Newark .. formerly gave title of 
Baron to the family of Leslie, now dormant. 1878 Huxtey 
Physiogr. 203 Many volcanoes. .are merely dormant. : 

. Dormant commission, credit, warrant, writ- 
ing, etc., one drawn out in blank to be filled up 
with a name or particulars, when required to be 
used; dormant partner, a ‘sleeping’ partner, who 
takes no part in the working of a concern. 

1sst Househ. Acc. Eliz. in Camden Misc. 34 Paid..unto 
James Russell, by warrante dormaunte..xx.s. c1614 
Cornwatiis in Gutch Coll, Cur. I. 148 The warrant 
dormant, which all Leiger Ambassadors have, to propound 
and discourse of all things, which they think may tend to 
the encreasing of amity. 1662 Marvett Corr. xxxv. 
Wks. 1872-5 il. 80 That you would send us up a dor- 
mant credit for an hundre: und. 1 Secr, Serv. 
Money Chas. & Fas. Presale sh ae For charge of passing a 
dormant privy seale, 12!i 8*, and of dormant I’res patents, 
gol 2824, 1914 Swirt Pres. St. Affairs Wks. 1755 II. 1. 
221 A power was given of chusing dormant viceroys. 1716 
Appison Freeholder 36 (Seager) He likewise signed a 
dormant commission for another to be his high admiral. 
1845 STEPHEN Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) II. 102 Partners 
thus unknown to the public are said to be dormant. 

ec. Mechanics. 

Dormant-bolt, ‘a concealed bolt working in a mortise in 
a door, and usually operated by a key; sometimes by 
turning a knob’; dormant-lock, ‘a lock having a bolt that 
will not close of itself’ (Knight Dict. Mech.). 

3. Fixed, stationary. Dormant tree = B. 1. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 127/2 Dormawnte tre..trvabes. 1703 
T.N. City & C. Purchaser 128 Dormant tree. In Archi- 
tecture is a great Beam lying cross a House, otherwise call’d 
a Summer. 1793 Smeaton Laystone L. § 238 The dormant 
wedge or that with the point upward, being held in the 
hand, while the drift wedge or that with its point dowi- 
ward, was driven with a hammer. 1798 Term Rep. VII. 
599 To the sleepers or dormant timbers they affixed railways 
or waggon ways. 1876 Gwitt Archit. Gloss., Dormant-tree 
or Summer, 

b. Dormant table, a table fixed to the floor, 
or forming a fixed piece of furniture. arch. 

¢ 1386 Craucer Prol. 353 His table dormant in his halle 
alway Stood redy apoined al the longe day. 1430 Lyne. 
Chron. Troy 11. xi, Eke in the hall .. On eche partye was a 
dormaunt table. [1448 Juv. 7. Morton in Test. Ebor. Ill. 
108 De ij mensis vocatis dormoundes.] 1610 B. Jonson 
Alch. v. v, Were not the pounds told out..vpon the table 
dormant. 1767 BLackstone Comm. I. xxviii. 428 Whatever 
is strongly affixed to the freehold or inheritance..as marble 
chimney-pieces, pumps, old fixed or dormant tables, benches, 
and the like, 185: Turner Dom. Archit. 1. ii. 54. 

Sig. 4 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 24 She held a 
dormant Table in her own Pelaaty breast 

+4. Causing or producing sleep. Ods. rare. 

1654 tr. Scudery’s Curia Pol. 66 The effects of Dormant 
and Narcotique remedies. 

5. Dormant window, also dormant = DORMER 2. 

2651 CLevELAND Senses’ Fest. ii, Old Dormant Windows 
must confess Her Beams. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Dor- 
mer or Dormant, in architecture, denotes a window made 
in the roof of an house. 1804 Ann. Reg. 829 A dormant 
must break out in the roof. 1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneer x, 
‘The dormant windows in the woke 

B. sb. +1. A fixed horizontal beam; asleeper; a 
summer, More fully dormant tree (see A. 3). Ods. 

1453 Paston Lett. No. 185 I. 250 Sir Thomas Howes hath 
purveyed iiij. dormants for the drawte chamer, and the 
malthouse, and the browere. 1582 Wills § Juv. N. C. 
(Surtees 1860) 46 In the hay barne..Certaine sawen baulkes, 
viz., ix dormonds and j sile 10%. 1587 Harrison England 
11. xii. (1877) 1, 233 Summers (or dormants). 1665 Vestry 
Bks, (Surtees) 201, 2 clasps of iron for fastning the great 
dormond in the church, 6 s. 

+b. The part between the opening and the top 
of a doorway; the tympanum. Oés. rare. 

1723 Cuambers tr. Le Clerc’s Treat. Archit. 1, 102 Coach- 

ates..have a Dormant (i.e. the upper part of the Gate 
that does not open), which Dormant, where the Gate is 
arch'd, commences from the Spring of the Arch. 

2. = Dormer window: see A. 5. 

3. A dish which remains on the table throughout 
a repast ; a centre-piece which is not removed. 

3. Brecion Pract. Cook 25 (Stanf.) A centre ornament, 
whether it be a dormant, a plateau. .or a candelabra. 

Dormer (d71ma1). Also 6-8 -ar. [ad. OF. 
dormepr, -tor, -or (=F. dortoir) :—L. dormitorium 
sleeping-room, dormitory, f. dormire to sleep.] 

1, Asleeping chamber, dormitory. Ods. exc. Hist. 

coo. Reprise Alt Fooles w. i. (R.), Or to any shop.. 
chamber, dormer, and so forth. 1666 Woop Zife (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) II. 98 Watson had done the great window of 
my dormer..then till 11 bording my dormer. 1868 Frer- 
MAN Norm. Cong. (1876) II. x. 460 The foreign discipline of 
the common refectory and the common dormer. 

+b. transf. A resting place ; a repository. 
 ¢2640 (SuirLey] Capt, Underwit 1. ii. in Bullen O. PZ. 11, 


605 


342 The gold..he put in his hocas pocas, a little dormer 
under his right skirt. ; 
2. A projecting vertical window in the sloping 
roof of a house. Also dormer-window. 
[Orig. the window of a dormitory or bed-room.] 


| 
| 


1592 GREENE Def. Conny-catch. (1859) 19 If there were a | 


dormar built to it .. it would make the properest parlour in 
al the house. 1703 T. N. City & C. Purchaser 129 Dorman, 
Dormer, In Architecture is a Window made in the Roof of 
a House, it standing upon the Rafters. 1847 Loner. £v. I. 
i. 16 Thatched were the roofs, with dormer-windows. 1871 
Miss Brappon Lovels ii. 33 There were .. queer little 
dormers in the roof. 

+3. A beam; =DorMant sd. 1. Obs, 

1623 T. Goap Dolef. Euen-Song 11 The floare. .falling, 
by the breaking asunder of a maine Sommier or Dormer. 
1758 J. Ctuspe Wheatfield 71 Ina parlour belonging to a 
farm-house..there was a remarkably large dormer of ches- 
nut. a@x825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Dormer, a large 
beam. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as dormer-roof; -shaped, 
-windowed, adjs. Also, dormer-gablet, a small 
gable over a dormer-window ; dormer-tile, one 
used to form a junction between the tiling on the 
sides of a dormer-window and that on the roof. 

1703 T. N. City & C. Purchaser 272 Dormar- or Dorman- 
[tile]. . These Tyles consist of a plain Tyle, and a Triangular 
piece of a plain Tile standing up at right Angies to one side 
of the plain Tyle. 1765 Phil. Trans. LV. 274 There is 
a lath and plaister wall. supporting a kind of dormer roof. 
1811 Self /ustructor 141 Dormer tiles. 1859 Dickens 7. 
Two Cities 1. v, The window was dormer-shaped. 1884 
ride pod Mag. Mar. 529/2 The roofs are .. dormer- 
windowed. 1886 Wits & Crark Cambridge II. 737 The 
dormer-gablets..were connected by a parapet, 

Hence Do'rmered a., having dormers. 

18., New Princeton Rev. 111. 112 (Cent.) A high, solid, 
dormered roof. s 

|| Dormeuse (dormo:z), Also 8 -ouse. [Fr.; 
fem. of dormeur sleeper, applied to articles con- 
venient for sleeping, f. dovmzr to sleep.] 

+1. A hood or nightcap. Ods. 

1734 Mrs. Detany Life §& Corr. (1861) I. 479, I have sent 
you..a dormeuse patron. 1753 — Let. Mrs. Dewes in Life 
& Corr. 260 She had not yet been able to get her dor- 
mouse. a 

2. A travelling-carriage adapted for sleeping in. 

1825 Visc. S. pe Repcuirre in S. L. Poole Life (1888) I. 
357. The two dark green carriages—a Dormeuse and 
Britchka, which you saw..at Windsor. 1841 Lyrron V1. & 
Morn. (1851) 216 A dormeuse and four drove up to the inn 
door to change horses. 

3. A kind of couch or settee. 

1865 Ouipa Strathmore I. vi. 94 (Stanf.) He lay back ina 
dormeuse before the fire. 

Dormice, plural of DorMousE. 

Dormient (dj'imiént), a. [ad. L. dormient-en, 
pr. pple. of dormire to sleep.] Sleeping, dormant. 

1643 ? Mitton Soveraigne Salve 9 The peoples power ever 
resident in the people though dormient till it be by Parlia- 
ment wakened. 1684 I. Marner Remark. Provid. (1856) 
3b, How it came to lie dormient in his hands I know not. 
1860 O. W. Homes Prof. Break/.-t. i. (1883) 28 Is there 
a De Sauty. .dormient in night-cap? 

+ Do'rmious, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. dormi-re to 
sleep +-ous.] Sleepy. 

1656 S. HoLLanp Zara (1719) 16 The Champion. .began to 
grow Dormious. 

+ Dormitary, a. and sd. Ods. [f. L. dormit- 
ppl. stem of dormire to sleep: see -ARY.] 

A. adj. Causing sleep, dormitive. 

bss Dekker Raven's Alm. H, She..put the dormitarie 
powder that the ould wife had giuen her into the bottle. 

B. sb. A sleep-producing medicine, a narcotic. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health cxl. 52 If the pacient can nat 
slepe, make a Dormitary. a@1652 Brome City Wit i. iv, 
Sure, Sir, you use some Dormitaries. 

+ Dormita‘tion. Ods. [ad. late L. dormita- 
tion-em, n. of action f. dormitare, freq. of dormire 
to sleep: cf. obs. F. dormztation.] 

1. Sleeping, falling asleep, drowsiness. 

1563-4 Asp, ParKER Corr. 202 By great considerations. . 
of their vigilancy and our dormitation. 1661 G. Rust 
Origen in Phenix (1721) 1. 65 So great a Forgetfulness 
and Dormitation in so acute and diligent a Writer. 

2. Numbness ; loss of sensibility. 

31543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. v. 170 Aliabbas nombreth 
vj dyseases of the teeth, payne, corosion, congelation, 
dormitation, fylthynes, looseness. /bid. (1586) 560 by Some- 
time there chanceth a certaine dormitation in the teeth, by 
holding cold things in the mouth, 

Dormition (dpimi‘fon). [a. F. dormition 
(1 5th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. dormition-em, n. of 
action from dormire to sleep.] Sleeping ; falling 
asleep ; fig. death (of the iy mponds 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 259/1 Thy departyng hens ne thy 
dormycyon shalle not be withoute wytnes. @ 1656 Br. Hatt 
Wks. (1837-9) VII. 295 (D.) Wert thou dis --to plead, 
not so much for the utter extinction as for the dormitione of 


DORMY. 


338 Dormitive or Sleepifying. 1871 Tvtor Prinz. Cult. I. 
366 Accounting for opium making people sleep by its 
possession of a dormitive virtue. 

+2. Sleeping through the winter. Ods. rare. 

1694 R. Burtnocce Reason 241 In Snakes, in Dormice.. 
and in other Dormitive Creatures. é 

B. sb. A soporific medicine ; a narcotic. 

1619 Lusnincton Refet. Serm. in Phenix (1708) IL. 4 
His Presence gave them a strong Dormitive, it wrought 
beyond Sleep. 1700 Concreve Way of World w.v, But 
for cowslip wine, poppy water and all dormitives. 

Dormitory (dgumitori), 56. [ad. L. dormi- 
tori-um_ sleeping-place, subst. use of neuter of 
dormitorius (see next). Cf. obs. F. dormetotre.] 

1. A sleeping-chamber ; sfec. a room containing 
a number of beds, or a gallery or building divided 
into cells or chambers each having a bed or beds in 
it, for the inmates of a monastery, school, or other 
institution. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 33 The kyng charles beyng in his 
dormytorye .. began to say the psaulter. 1578 T. N. tr. 
Cong. W. India 397 And lay altogither in one dormitorye 
as a flocke of sheepe. 1642 Futter Holy & Prof, St. 1. 
vi. 1O& Thorow-lights are best for rooms of entertainment, 
and wmdows on one side for dormitories. a@1782 Cowrrer 
FYackdaw, A great frequenter of the church, Where bishop- 
like he finds a perch, And dormitory too. 1860-1 Fro. 
NicutinGate Nursing ii. 11 Public or private schools, where 
a number of children or young persons sleep in the same 
dormitory. 1868 Freeman Norn. Cong. (1876) II. vii. 86 
The canons..were made..to sleep in a common dormitory. 

2. fig. A resting-place. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 108 His gray haires might 
goe in peace to aneternall Dormitory. 1645 Mitton Co/ast. 
Wks. (1851) 350 Hee presumes also to cite the Civil Law, 
which, I perceav by his citing, never came within his 
dormitory. 1825 CoLertnGe Aids Ref. (1848) I. 1 Truths 
. lie bed-ridden in the dormitory of the soul. 

+3. A resting-place for the dead; a cemetery, 
vault, grave. Ods. 

1634 Sir T, Herpert 7vav. 126 Our Ambassadour .. died 
.. We obtained a Dormitory for his Body among the 
Armenian Christians. 1726 Ayuirre Parergon 172. 1775 
Apair A mer. Ind. 79 Vhe Choktah use the like in the dormi- 
tories of their dead. 1891 Sr. Joun Tyrwuitr in Colleges 
Oxf, 305 This is called ‘the dormitory’, being the burial- 
place of several deans and canons. 

+4, A song sung to lull to sleep; a lullaby. 
Obs. rare. 

1656 S. Hottanp Zara (1719) 26 Soto sang this Dormitory. 

5. attrib.,as dormitory-door, -maid; dormitory- 
car (U..S.), a sleeping-carriage on a railway. 

1577-87 Hotixsuep Descr. /reé. iii. (R.), Vnder sparring 
the gates, and bearing vp the dormitorie doore. 1892 C/. 
Times 1 Apr. Advt. 332 Wanted. .two Dormitory Maids. 

+ Dormitory, a. Ols. [ad. L. dormitorius, 
f. ppl. stem of dor mire to sleep: see -oRY.] Tend- 
ing to or causing sleep; sleepy, drowsy. 

1631 R. H. Avraigum. Whole Creature xii. § 2. 118 Of 
Poppy, or Opium, or such dormitory potions. 1797 Gewtd. 
Mag. 1. 467 The dormitory proceedings of the American 
General. 

Dormond, -ound, obs. var. DoRMANT 5d. 

Dormouse (dfmaus). [Origin obscure: the 
second element has been, at least since ¢ 1575, 
treated as the word souse, with pl. mzce, though a 
pl. dormouses is evidenced in 16-17th c. ‘The first 
element has also from 16th c. been associated with 
L. dormire, F. dormir to sleep, (as if dorme-mouse ; 
cf. 16th c. Du. slacp-ratte, slaep-muys) ; but it is 
not certain that this is the original composition. 

(Skeat suggests for the first element ON. ddv benumbed : 
cf. also dial. ‘dorver, a sleeper, a lazy person’ (Halliwell). 
(The F. dormeuse, fem. of dormeur sleeper, sometimes 
suggested as the etymon, is not known before 17th c.).] 

1. Asmall rodent of a family intermediate between 
the squirrels and the mice ; esp. the British species 
Myoxus avellanarius, noted for its hibernation. 

Striped dormouse: Pennant’s name for the chipmuck, 
hackee, or ground-squirrel of North America. 

c 1425 Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 643 Hic glis, dormowse. Jéid. 
700 Hic glis, Hic sorex,a dormows. 1523 SKELTON Gard, 
Laurel 1248 Dormiat in pace, like a dormouse. 1570 B. 
Gooce Pop. Kingd. 1. (1880) 19 And striue the Dormowses 
themselves in sleeping to excell. 1580 G. Harvey in Spev- 
ser’s Wks. (Grosart) I. 40 Slipperye Eles: Dormise. 1601 
Hottanp Péiny I. 233 The yong Dormice are exceeding kind 


and louing to their sires that begat them. 1646 J. Haru 
Poents 2 layers lay asleep like Dormouses. 1709 Brit, 
Afpolloll. 


No. 55. ae The. .Toawd is as dull as a Dormouse. 
1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 398 The Hackee of the United 
States .. Striped Dormouse of Pennant. 1880 HauGcnton 
Phys. Geog. vi. 276 note, Extinct fossil dormice have been 
found as far back as the Upper Eocene of Europe. 

2. transf. A sleepy or dozing person. 

1568 Ascuam Scholem, (Arb.) 113 Any lurking Dorm[oJus, 
blinde, not by nature, but by malice, 164r Mitton 
Animadv. (1851) 245 A swashbuckler against the Pope, and 
a dormouse against the Devil. 1826 Scorr Woodst. xx, You 


the soul. 1849 Zcclesiologist 1X. 227 A large scul F 
poles Pos He death of our Ladys it is “eulted the 
dormition or ¢véfas de Notre Dame. Life M. M. 
Hallahan (1870) 121 Her death, which in this case we may 
almost call her dormition. 

Do'rmitive, a. and sd. [a. F. dormitif, -ive 
(1545 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. type *dormitiv-us, 
f. dormire to sleep: see -IVE.] ; 

A. adj. 1. Causing sleep ; soporific. 

3598 Nasue Christ’s T. 80 b, Dormatiue potions, to procure 

deadly sleepe. 1662 J. CHanpter Van Helmont's Oriat. 


ati to our patient better during your sleep, than 
most of these old dormice can do when they are most awake, 

3. attrib. Dormouse-like, sleepy. 

r6or Suaxs. 7zwed. N. 11. ii. 20 To awake your dormouse 
valour. 1795 Pumuiirs Hist. Jnl, Navig. 108 Every indi- 
vidual, whose state of existence is not of the dormouse kind. 

Dormouse, erron. f, DORMEUSE. 

Do: (dgumi), @ Golf. Of a player: As 
many holes ahead of an opponent as there are 
holes to play ; thus, dormy one, two, etc. 

1887 in Donatpson Supp. to ¥amieson. 1892 Pall Mali 


DORNICK. 


G. 28 July 3/3 You are. .‘all even’ so far, and only one more 

l¢ remains to be played after this. Should you lose this 
one, your antagonist will be ‘dormy’, that is to say, he will 
be one hole up with one to play; so that, alt! ‘ou may 
yet halve the match, you will not be able to win it.- 1893 
Scot. Leader 10 July 7 As Fernie was now dormy seven, the 
issue was hardly in doubt. 

Dorne, obs. form of Dury. 

Dornick (dfmik). Forms: a. 6 dornyx(e, 
-ixe, -ycks, -ickes, -yk(k)es, -ikes, -eckes, 6-7 
dornex, darnix, 6-8 dornix, 7 darnex, (dor- 
ninx). 8. 5 dornewick, 6 dornik, -icke, -eck(e, 
-ek, (dornyth, dernyth, 7 darnisle), 7-9 dar- 
nock, darnick, dornick, 9 dornock, darnak. 

The name of a Flemish town (in French called 
Tournay), applied to certain fabrics originally 
manufactured there, and to their imitations or 
substitutes. +a. A silk, worsted, woollen, or 
partly woollen fabric, used for hangings, carpets, 
vestments, etc. Obs. b. ‘A species of linen cloth 
used in Scotland for the table’ (J.). 

(In sense b often spelt dornock, and erroneously referred 
to Dornoch in Scotland.) 

1489 Act. Dom. Conc. 131 (Jam.), xij cuschingis..and xij 
seruiotis of dornewick. 1514 Churchw. Acc. Kingston- 
upon- Thames in Lyson Envir. Lond. 1. 230 Three yerds of 
Dornek for a pleyers cote. 1527 MS. /nv. Goods T. Crom- 
well (Pub. Rec. Office), ij olde qwyshyns of whyte and 
rede dornyx..a hangyng of dornyxe. 1 1600 Customs 
Duties (B. M. Add. MSS, 25097), Dornickes with silke.. 
Dornickes with caddes .. Dornickes with woll .. Dornickes 
with thred. 1552 Act 5 § 6 Edw. VJ, c. 24 § 1 The making 
of Hats, Dornecks and Coverlets . . of late .. begun... within 
the City of Norwich. 1553 /nv. in Ref. Hist, MSS, Comm. 
1. 555 An olde white vestment of dornecke, with the albe. 
1587 Fieminc Contn. Holinshed U1. 1290/1 Over the third 
[loom was written] the weaving of darnix. 1625-6 in 
Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 349 For dornicks for 
the master’s bed-chamber ix‘. 1851 L. b. B. Gorpon in 
Art Frni. Illustr. Catal. p. viii. **/1 Pattern-weaving .. 
the twills and all its varieties—as dimities, dornocks. .&c. 

e. attrib, and Comb. 

1530 J. Symsoun /nz. in Liber S. Marie de Lundoris 
(Abbotsf. Club) 32, vij seruitors of dornyth werk. 1652 
Woman's Univers in Montgomerie’s Poems (1887) 294 The 
webster with his jumbling hand, And dornick champion 
naperies. 1672 SHADWELL Miser 1, A Darnock Carpet. 
1725 Lond. Gaz. No. 6380/13 Darnick-weaver. : 

“| See Dannocks, which in Forby’s opinion 
‘should rather be Dornecks’. 

+ Dorp. Obs. [a. Du. dorp = OE. porp, Ger. dorf 
village. Cf. THorp.] A (Dutch) village; formerly 
more or less naturalized in sense: Village, THorP. 

1570-6 LamBarve Pervamd, Kent (1826) 377 By Thorpe, or 
Dorpe, [is meant by the Saxons] a village, yet used in the 
lower Germaine, 1583 StanvHurst /ncis 1. (Arb.) 31 
Where dorps and cottages earst stood. 1596 DALRYMPLE 
tr. Leslie's Hist, Scot. (1885) I. 106 Betuene dorpe and 
dorpe, and toune and toune. 1 Dekker Golls /Horne- 
6k. 38 ‘Tailor's Hall that now is larger than some dorpes 
among the Netherlands.  16g0 Futter Pisgah 1. vii. 18 
Perizzites. By interpretation Villagers, as dwelling in dorps 
and Hamlets, not walled towns. 1 Dryven Hind & P. 
1. 611 No neighb’ring Dorp, no lodging to be found. 

attrib. c1611 CHarMANn’ //iad x1. 587 All the dorp boors 
with terror fled. 

Dorr, var. of Dor sé.! and v.2 
Dorray, dorree, dorrey, dorroy, dorry: 
see Dory a. and 56,1 
Dorre, obs. f. DARE v.1, Dor, Dory 5.1 

+ Dorring, obs. f. Darine vé/. sb.1 and 2. 

1374 [See Derrinc-po]. 1618 LATHAM and Bk. Falconry 
(1633) 142 If she be flowne any longer, she will likewise fall 
to dorring, and bee lost. 

Dorsabdominal a. : see Dorso-. 

Dorsad (djiskd), adv. Anat. [f. L. dors-um 
back + -ad, suffix: see Dextrap.] Towards the 
back or dorsal aspect of the body. 

1803 J. Barctay New Anatom. Nomencl. 166. _ J. 
Wisuarr tr. Scarpa's Hernia Mem, 1. 25 Immediately 
behind [wote, dorsad of ] the insertion of the two tendinous 

illars. 1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1. 271/2 The tail .. can 

inflected dorsad. 

Dorsal (df‘1sal), a. (sd.) [ad. med.L. dorsal-zs, 
f. dors-um back: ef. F. dorsal (13-14th a 

+1. Having a back: of a knife with one : 

1541 R. Cortanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., A Poon. re 
of two maners; one.. Dorsall ause it hath a backe and 
cutteth but on the one syde, and the other is Ansall, 

2. Anat. a. (Zool.) Pertaining to the back of 
an animal; situated on or near the back. (In this 
and b, often wer to VENTRAL.) 

Dorsai fin, the fin situated near the middle of the back in 
fishes, etc. Dorsal nerves, those spinal nerves which arise 
in connexion with the dorsal vertebra. Dorsal vertebra, 
those situated between the cervical and lumbar vertebra. 


1 Cuambers Cycé. s.v. Nerve, | Nerves are in 
number twelve. 1769 Pennant Zool. II], 32 The dorsal 
and anal fins. Parrerson Zool. 93 heart [in 
Insects) is an d lar tube, situated along the 


middle of the back, and hence called the dorsal vessel. 

b. (Zool. & Bot.) Pertaining to, or situated 
on, the back (i.e. upper, outer, convex, or hinder 
surface) of any organ or part. 

Dorsal suture, the outer suture of a carpel or pod, 
corresponding to the midrib of a leaf. 

1808 J. H. Wisnarr tr. Scarpa's Aneuvism Mem. u. 
(1814) 116 The posterior [#o¢e, dorsal] wi of the hernial 
sac. 2835 LinpLey /utyod, Bot, (1848) 1, 381 Internal 


606 


expansions of the dorsal or ventral suture. 1882 Vines 
Sachs’ Bot. 441 The dorsal surface of ordinary leaves. 

3. gen. Of the back; forming a ridge like the 
back of an animal. rare. 

1827 Lytton Pelham xxv, Warburton, from his dorsal 
positions, so studiously preserved, either wished to be 
uncivil or unnoticed. 1868 G. Durr Pol. Surv. 45 The great 
dorsal range that in Turkey corresponds to the Ap 

B. sé. 1. Anat. Short for dorsal fin or dorsal 
vertebra: see A. 2a. 

1834 McMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 220 Pectorals 
almost imperceptible .. the dorsal and anal hardly visible. 
1840 G. V. Extis Anat. 124 The spines of the vertebra. . 
from the sixth cervical to the third dorsal. 

2. £ccl. =Dossau b. 

1870 F. R. Witson Ch. Lindisf. 79 The altar has an 
alabaster dorsal. 

Hence Do'rsalmost suferl. adj. [after upper- 
most, etc.], most to the back. Do‘rsalwards 
adv., towards the back (= Dorsap). 

1883 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 674/1 The 
dorsalmost pair of tentacles. 1887 Frnd. R. Microsc. Soc. 
Aug. 591 Nephridial tubes. . projecting dorsalwards. 

(dg-usali), adv. [-Ly *) In a dorsal 
position or direction ; on or towards the back. 

1839 Jounston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. No. 7. 197 
Body. .strengthened dorsally with a calcareous. .plate. 1854 
Woopwarn Mollusca (1856) 207 Mantle-cavity opening 
dorsally. 1881 J. S. Garpner in Nature No. 624. 559 
Sporangium of Osmunda seen dorsally. 

-+ Dorse, sb.! Obs. [ad. L. dors-um back.] 

1. =Dosser! 1. 

1524 Will of Sir R. Sutton in Churton Life 521 (T.) A 
dorse and redorse of crymsyn velvet. 

2. The back of a book or writing. 

c1640 J. Suvtn Lives Berkeleys (1883) 11. 94 Without any 


reverse or privy seale on the dorse. 1691 Woop Ath. Oxon, | 


II. 484 Books .. richly bound with gilt dorses. 1866 
Horwoop Yearbks. 32 4 33 Edw. I. Pref. 37 note, Edward 
the Second’s letter to the Fars Preachers on the dorse of 
the Close Roll of 19 Ed. II. 

3. Pugilistic slang. The back. Zo send to dorse : 
to throw on one’s back, throw down. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X11. 461 Sent to dorse in a bloodless 
fight by Painter. 

[ad. LG. 


orse (cis), sb.2 Also 7 dorce. 


dorsch in same sense=ON. ¢orskr codfish.) A | 


young cod. (Formerly supposed to be a distinct 
species, and named Gadus (or Morrhua) callarias.) 

1610 W. Fotkincuam Art of Survey i. iii. 83 Base, Dorce, 
Mackeril, Whiteing. 1611 Cotcr., Poisson S. Pierre, the 
Dorce. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 423 Mlorrhua) 
callarias, Lin, The Dorse. Body gray, with brown spots 
in summer, and black in winter. 


+ Dorse, v. Obs. Pugilistic slang. [f. Dorsx 
sb.13.] trans. To throw on the back. 

1826 J, Witson Noct, Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 40 The straight 
sone .. soon dorses your roundabout hand-over-head 

itters. 

Dorse, obs. form of Doss sd.% and v.2 

Dorsel: see DossaL, DossEL. 

Dorser : sce Dosszr!. 

Dorsi- (dors-), combining form of L. dors-um 
back (chiefly in anatomical, zoological, and 
botanical terms) =‘ back-; of, to, on the back’, 
(Sometimes less properly in the sense ‘ back and 
’, which is correctly expressed by Dorso-.) 
Used in modern formations, as Dorsibranchi- 
ate a., having gills on the back ; riggs | to the 
order Dorsibranchiata of Annelids in Cuvier’s 
system; sé. a dorsibranchiate annelid. Dorsi- 
cu'mbent a., lying on the back, supine. Dorrsi- 
duct v. ¢rans., to bring or carry towards the back. 
Do:rsifixed a., ‘fastened by the back; in Botany, 
used to describe an anther which is attached by its 
back to the filament; otherwise called adnate’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). Dorsifiexion (nonce-wd.), a 
bending of the back, a bow. Dorrsigrade a. 
al digitigrade, plantigrade], walking upon the 

cks of the toes, as certain armadillos (Syd. Soc. 
Lex), Dorsi-me‘dian a., situated in the middle 
line of the back. Dorsime’sal, dorsome’sal a. 
[see next] =prec. D ‘son [Gr. péooy 
middle], the middle line of the back (Wilder & 
Gage). Dorsispi-nal a., pertaining to the spinous 
processes of the vertebrze. 

18 Tonp Cyct. Anat. Il. 411/1 The Dorsibranchiate 
Annelida. 1862 Dana Man. Geol. Worms 155 Dorsi- 
branchiates, or free sea worms. Wirver & Gace 
Anat. Tech. 84 Dorsiduct the tail of the cat, 1823 CARLYLE 
in Froude Life I. 192 With the most profound dorsiflexions. 
1842 E. Witson Anat, Vade M. 351 The Dorsi-spinal veins 
form a plexus d the spi Pp and arches 
of the vertebra. 


Dorsiferous (dfisi'féras), a. [L. -fer bearing.] 

1. Sot. Bearing the fructification (as a fern) upon 
the back (i.e. under aes pe the frond. A 

Cc ’ i 
Pins beat their see on the ick Ot thete leaves. 
trod. Bot. . 95 Polypodiacee, or 

ee eas oe rest cone 

2. =Dorsiparous b. 

1755 in Jounson[see Dorsiparous]; thence in mod, Dicts. 

. = DoRSIGEROUS. 
In recent Dicts. 


DORSUM. . 
Dorsigerous (dpisidzéras), 2. [L. -ger carry- 
ing: see -ous. Carrying the young upon the back, 


3839-47 Topo Cyct Anat. jeg): lhe tose 
in 


the pouch. .is ! ; Fe 
Dorsiparous (dgasi “paras , & -par “us 
bringing torth.] a. Bot. =Dorsirerovus. b. Zool. 


Hatching the young upon the back, as certain 


toads. 
Dorsr l i 4 
1727-51 [see FEROUS). 1 fomeneye i 


Dorsiparous, is used of plants t 
back of their leaves, as fern; and may be used of 
age ey Bag py a 
ere ace es ree eer eee 
the skin on it, wi tl 

Dorsi-ventral : sce Dorse-conival s.v. Dorso-. 

Dorso-, dors-, stem and combining form of 
L. dorsum back, used in comb. in the sense ‘ back 
and * (but sometimes improperly in other 
senses, where dorsi- is the etymological form) 
in modern formations, as Dorso-abdo'minal, dors- 
abdo-minal a., relating to the back and abdomen, 
or to the dorsal and ventral aspects; whence 
Dorsabdo'minally adv. Dorso-caudal a., 
relating to the back and the tail; superior and 
posterior in direction. Dorso-ce Dorso- 
collar adjs., pertaining to the back of the neck. 
Dorso-epitro’chlear, name of a muscle extending 
from the back to the elbow in some quadrupeds. 
Dorso-interco'stal a., relating to the back and 
the intercostal nerves. Dorso-inte'stinal <., 
situated on the dorsal aspect of the intestine (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). Dorso-la‘teral a., relating to the 
back and the side. Dorso-lu‘mbar a., relating 
to the back and loins; dorsal and lumbar (ver- 
tebr). Dorso-pleu‘ral a., relating to the back 
and the side. Dorso-sea‘pular a., relating to 
the back and the shoulder-blade. Dorso-ste’rnal 
a., relating to the back and the breast-bone. 
Dorso-ventral a., (a) =dorsabdominal ; (6) Bot. 
(seequot, 1882); whence Dorso-ventra‘lity, dorso- 
ventral condition; Dorso-ventrally adv., in a 
dorso-ventral direction or situation. Dors-u‘m- 
bonal a., ‘ both dorsal and umbonal, as one of the 
accessory valves in the family Pholadid’ (Cent. 
Dict.). 

x ae Cyet. Anat. 1. 170/1 These. .dorso-abdominal 
vessels..distribute to the skin a number of ramifications. 
188: Mivart Cat 137 The external dorso-epitrochlear is a 
slender muscle which takes ~ from a fascia outside the 

. R, Gowers Dis. ro 
‘abe Vines 
irc. Sc. (¢ 186s) IL, The 
age ee Ae 


i 


segments. 1 
dorso-lumbar vertebra. 1 : 
15 The lung. pies a muc Her | in the dorso- 
sternal plane than in mammals. 138 The dorso- 
ventral yer ot 3882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. App. 1. 954 Sachs 

ints out .. that most monosymmetrical .. organs present 
Y Geral and ventral halves which are of different internal 
structure; such organs he describes by the term dorsi- 
ventral. 1884 Science Mar. 324 Making a T, of which the 
stem represents the limb, and the cross the gi running 


dorsoventrally. rw E. R. Lanxesrer in £acycl. Brit. 
XVI. 687/2 In Pholas dactylus we find — umbonal 
plates, a dors-umbonal plate and a dorsal plate. 4 

|| Do'rsolum, -ulum. Zv/om. [mod.L., dim. 


of dorsum back.] ‘Kirby’s name for a piece of 
the exoskeleton of an insect situated between the 
collar and scutellum, which gives ee bg 
anterior organs of flight’ (Syd. Soc. Ns " 

1826 Kirsy & Sr. pone 1828) III, xxxv. sap The 
anterior gi the dorsolum is deflexed. 

Dorsour: see Dosser !. 

Dorst(e, obs. f. durst, pa. t. of Dare v.1 

Dorstenic (dgistenik), a Chem. In Dor- 
stentc acid, an acid obtai from Dorstenia Con- 
trayerva, a tropical American plant of the mulberry 
tribe. So Dorstenin (djusténin), a principle 
Chenin 5 noe ie same pe Fg : 

M 4 it. —e- Ve .. a 
ce which pe doy pds Fay an ba dorcenlie 
|| Dorsum (df1sim). The Latin word for ‘ back’, 

used in scientific or technical senses. ' 

1! Zool. & Anat. a. The back of an animal. 
b. The upper, outer, or convex surface of a limb 
or organ, as the hand, nose, tongue ; in Conch. the 
outer surface of a shell opposite to the opening. 
ce. Bot. The outer surface of an organ or part (e.g. 
a seed), i.e. that directed away from the axis. 


1840 G. V. Extis Axat, 392 On the dorsum of the 
is a venous receives. .the d s 


ia 


eS bal 


DORT. 


fidge, which creeping — the deep south-east valley.. 
suddenly rises into a massy dorsum. 
Dors-umbonal: see Dorso-. 

Dorsur : see Dossrr!. 

Dort (dgit), sb. Sc. [Of obscure origin; deriva- 
tives go back to ¢ 1500: see Dorry, Dortinzss.] 
Usually in /.: Sulkiness, ill-humour ; sulks. 

1632 Rurnerrorp Lett. xxiii. (1862) I. 91 Let your 
soul..take the dorts (as we use to speak), 1725 Ramsay 
Gentle Sheph, 1. i, Then fare ye weel Meg-Dorts. [Cf. 
Scorr St. Ronan's 1.) ey | Misses Corsett Petticoat 7. 
I, 288 (Jam.) Andrew, that left you in the dorts. 

Hence Dort v. zzzr. to become pettish, to sulk ; 
Dorted Z//. a., sulky, ill-humoured. (Jam.) 

Dortiness, Dortiship : see Dorry. 

+ Do-rtory, dortry. Ods. rare. [var. of Dor- 
TOUR, dorter, with suffix as in dormitory.] =next. 

1636 Featty Clavis Myst. \xii. 833 Churchyards by the 
Ancients are termed dormitories or dortories. 1688 R. 
Hoime Armoury ut. 178/2 The Dortry or Dormitory. 

+ Dortour, dorter (dfte1). Ods. exc. Hist. 
Forms: 3-5 dortore, 4-6 -oure, 5 -oyr, -owre, 
doortur, 5-7 dorture, 6-7 -or, 7 -oir(e, 4-9 
dortour, 5-9 dorter. [a. OF. dortour, -ur, 
-eur, vars. of dortoir (12th c. in Littré) :—L. dor- 
mitori-um Dormitory.] A sleeping-room, bed- 
chamber, dormitory ; esp. that of a monastery. 

c12ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 286/278 Of be dortore he axede 
him : 3wat were pare is dede. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. 
(1810) 256 Pou may not ligge & slepe as monke in his dor- 
toure. ¢1386 Cuaucer Sompn. 7. 147 His deeth saugh 
I by reuelacioun, Szith this frere, at hoom in oore dortour. 
¢.1475 Pict. Voc. in Wr-Wiilcker 803/26 Hoc dormitorium, 
adorter. 1596 Spenser /, Q. vi. xii. 24 The Monckes he.. 
pursu’d into their dortours sad. 1607 TorseLt Four-/. 
Beasts (1658) 499 The Magicians command that the grieved 
seats be included in his Dortor or Bed-chamber. 1666 

ePys Diary (1879) IV. 214, I saw the dortoire, and the 
cells of the priests. 1820 Scott /vanhoe xxxiii, Giving me 
somewhat over to the building of ourdortour, 189r Farrar 
in Sund, Mag. 118 The staircase leading up to the Dorter. 

attrib. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 12 The dorture doore 
was made open vnto hir by gods power. 1592 NasHE ?. 
Penilesse (ed. 2) 22 b, It will make them iolly long winded 
to trot vp and downe the Dorter Staires. 

b. transf. and fig. 

_ 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. § Epigr. (1867) 201 The mouth 
is assynde, to be the tounges dorter. a@ 1626 Be, ANDREWES 
Serm. (1641) 384 A cemetary, that is, a great dortor. 164 
ae Y (cage True Evang. T. 1.71 They are dead tenets.. 
and we will not..call them up from their dorters againe. 

Hence + Do'rtourer, one who has charge of a 
dormitory ; a ‘ bed-maker’. 

1430 Pilger, Lyf Manhode ui. x\vi. (1869) 160 But it dis- 
pleseth me geile that she is dortowrere there, an 
maketh here beddes as chamberere. 

Dorty (djiti), a. Sc. [f. Dorr + -y.] Ill- 
humoured, pettish, sulky ; saucy, haughty. 

@ 1605 MontcomERrIE Sonnets lxv, Right dortie to come 
ouir the dur. 1737 Ramsay Scot. Prov. (1776) 65 (Jam.) 
‘The dorty dame may fa’ in the dirt. 1786 Burns Author's 
Cry & Prayer xxiii, Though a Minister grow dorty. 

Hence Do'rtiness, Do'rtiship, ill-humour, 
haughtiness, sauciness. 

1513 Douctas eis 111. v. 86 The dortynes of Achilles 
ofspring. xr7ar Ramsay Ws. (1848) II. 192 A ferly ’tis your 
dortiship to see. 

+ Dory, dorye, a. (sb.) Os. Forms: 5 dorre, 
-ee, -ey, -oy, -y, dorye. [a. F. doré, pa. pple. of 
dorer :—L, deaurare to gild: cf. Dorg,] 

1. Of a golden colour; bright yellow. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xlv. (1495) 162 Yelowe 
coloure..Dorrey and cytrine and lyghte redde,. 

2. Old Cookery. Glazed with ‘almond milk’, 
‘endored’: cf.DorE v, As sd. A dish so glazed, 

¢ 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 1. 11 Soupes dorye. did. Soupes 
dorroy. .Do dorry a-bowte. ¢1450 Jdid. 11. 90 Soppes 
Dorre. Jdid, 1, 114 Soupes dorrees. 

Dory (dori), sd.1 Forms: 5 dorre, dorray, 6 
dorrey, 7 dorie, dorry, dorae, 7—- doree, dory. 
[a. F. dordée ‘ the Doree, or Saint Peters fish ; also 
(though not so properly) the Goldfish or Goldenie’ 
(Cotgr.) ; in origin, fem. pa. pple. of dover to gild.] 
A fish, Zeus fader, found in European seas, and much 
esteemed as food. Also called JoHN Dory, q.v. 

e Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (x Salmon, 
Prt og and dorre rosted, or gurnard i er Be 
Russet Bk. Nurture 582 Whale, Swerdfysche, purpose, 
dorray, rosted wele, x160r Hottann Pliny 1. 246 The 
Doree or Goldfish, called Zeus and Faber. 1655 Mourer 
& Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 242 The Dorry is very 
like to a Sea-bream, of most excellent Taste. 1766 ANSTEY 
Bath Guide iv. 63 She has order'd for Dinner a Piper and 
Dory. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 478 The Dory 
.-is said to be an excellent fish for the table. 

(doer), sb.2 W. Indies and U.S. Also 
dorey. ‘A small boat ; esp. a small flat-bottomed 
boat used in sea-fisheries, in which to go out from 
a larger vessel to catch fish’ (Cent. Dict.). 

1798 Cot. Barrow in Naval Chron. (1799) 1. 247 Canoes, 
dories, and pit pans. 1810 Ann. Reg. 738 The Pit-pan 
being flat-bottomed, the | round. 1837 HawTHORNE 
Twice-told 7 (3851) II. vi. 91, I launched my dory, my little 
flat-bottomed skiff. 1858 O. W. Hormes Aut. Break/-t. vii. 


(1891) 164 A fancy ‘dory’ for two pairs of sculls. 
Bos, obs. f. does, etc. (see Do v.), Dose, - 


Dosaberd, var. of DasIBERD, Ods. 


607 


Dosage (do™sédz). Also doseage. [f. Dose z. 
or sb. +-AGE: cf. F. dosage.) . 

1. The administration of medicine in doses: esp. 
in reference to the size of the dose. 

1876 Bartuotow J/at. Med. (1879) 190 As regards doseage, 
from fifteen to thirty grains every two, three, or four hours 
..is usually the necessary quantity. /id. 426 [No] arbi- 
trary rules of dosage can be laid down. 188x 7%mes 18 
Apr. 10/4 Hahnemann’s idea of dosage. 

2. The operation of dosing; addition of a dose 
or doses, e.g. to wine, etc. : see Dose sd. 2, v. 2b. 

1867 C. A. Harris’ Dict. Med. Terminol. (ed. 3) Dosage, 
aterm applied in Chemistry to a plan of analysis in which 
the reagent is added in measured quantities, from a gradu- 
ated tube, to a measured and weighed solution of the assay. 
18.. De Corance I. 138 (Cent.) The dosage varies with the 
quality of the wine. 

Dosan, -and, -ain, -ayn(e, obs. ff. Dozen. 

Dose (dé"s), s+. Also 7 dos, doss, dosse, 7-9 
doze: see also Dosis, [a. F. dose (15th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. doszs ; see Dosis.] 

1, Med. A definite quantity of a medicine or 
drug given or prescribed to be given at one time. 

1600 W. VauGuan Direct. Health (1633) 78 The Dose or 
quseuity is foure or five leaves of it ina cup of Ale. 1608 
T. Morton Pream. Encounter 39 A dos of his Opium, 1808 
Med. Frnl. XIX. 248 Small dozes of tincture of digitalis. 
1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 441 To call his complaint 
a fever, and to administer doses of bark. 

2. transf. and fig. A definite quantity or amount 
of something regarded as analogous in some respect 
to a medical prescription, or to medicine in use or 
effect ; a definite amount of some ingredient added 
to wine to give it a special character. 

1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1. ii. 68 To banish the 
whole dosse of popishe doctrine. 1664 Butter //id. u. ili. 
955 Marry’d his punctual dose of Wives. ¢1790 WiLLock 
Voy. 55 A sufficient doze of their favorite liquor, whiskey. 
1862 MerivaLe Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. liii. 338 To repeat 
and daily increase the dose of flattery. 

Dose (déus), v. [f. prec. sb.: cf. F. doser 
(16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. trans. To divide into, or administer in, doses. 

1713 Dernam Phys.-Theol, (J.) Plants..esteemed poison- 
ous, if corrected, and exactly dosed, may prove powerful 
medicines. 


1733 CuEvNe Eng. Malady 1. xi. § 12 (1734) 
ros Care..in dosing the proper Medicines for such .. 
Disorders. 1757 Puttney in Phil. Trans. L. 74 They 


knew how to dose it very exactly. 

2. To administer doses to; to physic. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes u. ii. 39 For the mishap, no 
other .. was to dose it but himselfe. 1685 SoutH Sermz. 
I. 298 (T.) A bold, self-opinioned physician .. who shall 
dose, and bleed, and kill him secundum artent. 1753 G. 
Wasuincton Frnd. Writ. 1889 I. 25 They dosed themselves 
pretty plentifully with it [wine]. 1824 W. Irvinc 7, Trav. 
I. 41, My uncle grew worse and worse, the more dosing and 
nursing he underwent. 

b. ¢ransf. To add or apply a dose of something 

to: see Dose sé. 2. 

(1836 J. Hume in Ho. Comm. 24 Mar., The dosing wines 
liberally with brandies and other spirits. 1884 Fortn. Rev. 
Dec. 799 This dosing with ammoniates has done more to 
impoverish agriculture than all the terrors of disease. 

Hence Doser, one who (or that which) gives 
a dose : used contemptuously for a physician. 

1888 Poor Nellie 162 Never met one of your dosers yet, 
who was anything but a quack. 

Dose, obs. f. does, etc. (see Do v.), Doze. 

Doseberd, -beirde, var. DAsIBERD, Ods. 

Dosein, dosen, obs. forms of Dozen. 

Dosel, -il, obs. forms of Dossat, Dossin. 

Doseper : see DouzErErs. 

Doser, obs. form of DossEr !. 


Dosimeter (dosi-méto1). Also doso'meter. 


DOSSER. 


Dosour, obs. form of DossER!. 
+ Doss, 50.1 Ods. Also 5 doce. [a. F. dos:— 
late L. *dossem, for dorsum back.] =DorsE sb! 1, 


DosseR! 1, 

1482 Lp. Beaucname W7l/, Doce and redoce of red 
velvet. c1490 Promp. Parv. 127/2 (MS. K.) Dosse, dos- 
sorium. 1833 Coronat. Q. Anne in Arb, Garner (1879) II. 
so The blue ’ray cloth spread from the high dosses of 
the Kings Bench unto the high altar of Westminster. 

Doss (dps), 50.2 slang. Also 8 dorse. [Prob. 
of same origin as Doss 56.1: cf. Doss v.*] 

1. A place for sleeping in, a bed; esp. a bed in 
a common lodging-house. 

1789 G. Parker Life's Painter 165 (Farmer) Dorse, the 
place where a person sleeps, ora bed. 1851 Mavnew Lond. 
Labour 1. 336 (Hoppe) In course the man paid. .for the dos 
(bed). cx880 Barnarpo 7aken out of Gutter 2'The coveted 
“doss’, as the bed in a threepenny lodging-house is called. 

2. Sleep. 

1858 A. Mayvnew Paved with Gold 118 (Farmer) Into 
this..retreat, the lads crept.,to enjoy their doss, as, in 
their slang, they called sleep. 1887 Daily Vews 29 Sept. 
7/2 (Bargeman] To tell og the truth, we were having 
a doss (sleeping) in the cabin. : 

8. Comb. doss-house, a common lodging-house ; 
doss-man, the keeper of a ‘ duss-house’. 

1825 C. M. Westmacotr Eng. Spy I. 380 The Duck lane 
doss man, 1888 Pall Mail G. 6 Oct. 4/1 Lord Compton's 
proposal for an inquiry by a Select Committee into the 
‘doss-houses’ of London. 1891 Spectator 14 Mar. 385/2 
Preferable..to the contamination of the doss-house. 

Doss (<gs), v.! Ods. exc. dial. [Origin obscure. 

It may be partly onomatopeic, under the combined 
influence of dush (or dash) and toss. Cf. also MDu. dossen, 
intens, of dosen, doesen, to strike with violence and noise 
(Kilian).] : 

1. a. zztr. To push with the horns, as a bull. 
b. ¢vans. To toss (the horns). ¢. To butt, toss, 
or gore (a person) with the horns. da/, 

1583 GoLDING Calvin on Deut. xx. 119 [These] doe dosse 
with their hornes like madde bulles against all good Gouern- 
ment and policie. 1589 Pasguil's Ret. C iv, They are called 
3ulles, because they dosse out theyr hornes against the 
truth. 1§96 H. Crapuam Briefe Bible u. 129 The Deuill.. 
is introduced with his Hornes, even for dossing (ey destroy- 
ing) this Man-childe Jesus. c 1680 HickerINGUL ///sé. 
Whiggism Wks. 1716 I. 91 You may know the Nature of 
the Beast..by her Dossing at Men on all trivial occasions. 
a 1825 Forsy Moc. E. Anglia, Doss, to attack with the horns, 
as a bull, a ram, or a he-goat. 

2. Sc. To throw down with force ; to toss dow. 

1748 Meston Poems (1767) 106 (Jam.) Resolv’d to make 
him count and reckon, And doce down. a 1809 Christmas 
Ba’ing in J. Skinner AZisc. Poet. (1809) 134 (Jam.) The 
pensy blades doss’d down on stanes, 

Doss, v.2 s/ang. Also 8 dorse, g dos. [Goes 
with Doss s4.4] intr. To sleep; esp. to sleep at 
a common lodging-house or ‘ doss-house’ (see 
Doss 56.2 3). Hence Dorssing v0/. sd.; also 
attrib, 

1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue s.v., To dorse..to sleep. 
1789 G. Parker Life's Painter 165 (Farmer), I_dorsed 
there last darkey. 1838 Comic Almanack Apr. (Farmer) 
The hulks is now my bowsing-crib, the hold my dossing- 
ken. 1888 Eart Compron Sp. House Commons 5 Oct., 


' A select committee to inquire into the ‘ dossing’ or lodging- 


[f. as next+-METER.] An apparatus for measuring | 


doses or the like. 

1881 Nature XXV. 144 An electrolytic dosometer for 
measuring the intensity of the current during medical 
application of electricity. 

Dosimetric (dgsimectrik), a. (st.)  [f. Gr. 
Séo1s (see Dosz) + -mETRIC.] Relating to the 
measurement of doses. So Dosimetry (dosi'- 
miftri), the measurement of doses (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1881 Daily News 11 May, The new Dosimetric method of 
treatment. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dosimetric medicine, a 
method of treating disease... [by] the employment of simple 
and active remedies..in doses that are mathematically 
defined and administered according to certain rules, 

Dosin, obs. form of Dozen. 

Dosio'logy, Wonalags. [irreg. f. Dose or 
Dosis: see -oLoGy.] ‘That branch of medicine 
which treats of the amounts or doses in which 
drugs should be given’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1678 Puituirs (ed. 4), Dosology. 

Dosipers, var, DouzEpErs, Ods. 

| Dorsis. Ods. [med.L. a. Gr. déo1s giving, n. 
of action from &dévar to give.] =DosxE sb. (being 
the form in earlier use in Eng.). 

1543 TRAHERON Vigo's corey 35 b/2 (Stanf.) The dosis 
of gyuing of themis.3.i. 16rx Coryat’s Crudities Panegyr. 
Verses, [Thy book] a Dosis is against all Melancholy. 1655 
H. VauGuan Silex Scint. u. Foy (1858) 146 A sugerd dosis 
Of wormwood, and a death’s-head crown'd with roses. 1668 
H. More Dir. Dial. 1. 494 Too largea Dosis of Knowledge. 

Dosk, obs. form of Dusk. 


house system. 1895 Yad/et 14 Sept. 426 Charges of theft, 
begging, ‘ dossing out’, and other juvenile misdemeanours. 

Doss(e, obs. form of Dose. 

Dossal, dossel (dg'sal, -él). Also 7 dosel, 
dorsel. [ad. med.L. dossale, var. of dorsdle a 
hanging behind a seat, an altar, etc., after OF. 
dossel (occas. dossal), f. dos back.] 

a. An ornamental cloth forming a cover for the 
back of a seat: =Dosser! 1. arch. b. Eccl. 
An ornamental cloth, usually embroidered, hung 
at the back of the altar or at the sides of the 
chancel. 

1658-1706 Puitiips, A DoseZ or Dorsel .. a rich Canopie 
under which Princes sit, also the Curtain of a Chaire of State. 
1848 Lytron Harold v.i, The Earl's old hawk. .perched on 
the dossel of the Earl’s chair. 185r Acclestologist 324 A 
rich woven stuff suspended, as a dossel, behind the altar. 
1866 F. G. Ler Direct. Angi. (ed. 3) 6 There should be no 
Cross embroidered on the Dossal where the Altar-Cross is 
in use, /bid. 353 Dossel. 

Dosseberde, var. of DAsIBERD, Ods. 

Dossein, dossen, obs. forms of DozEN. 

+ Dossel. Oés. or dial. Also 8-gdorsel. [a. 
F. dossel:—late L. dorsale what pertains to the 
back, f. L. dorsum, F. dos back.] A pannier or the 
like borne by a beast of burden: =DossER! 2. 
(In quot. 1827, an appliance for carrying burdens 
on the back.) 

1755 Jounson, Dorse/, Dorsey, a pannier; a basket or bag 
one of which hangs on either side a beast of burden. It is 
corruptly spoken, and perhaps written, dosse/. x791 J. 
Coxtinson Hist. Somerset 11.34 The manure [is carried] in 
wooden pots called dossels, 1827 CARLYLE Germ. Romance 
IV. 44 The porter is girding the portmanteau on his dorsel. 

Dossel, var. Dossan, Dossin. 

Dosse pers, dosseperes, var. DovuzEPERs. 

Dosser ! (dg'sa1), dorser (dj'1s21). Obs. exc. 
Hist. Forms: a. 4-5 doser, 4-6 docer(e, 5 
dossour, dosour, dosur(e, 5-7 dossar, 4- dos- 
ser. 8. 4- dorser; 5 dorsere, -cere, -sur, 6 
dorsour, 7 dorcer, (9 dorsar, -eur). . [a. OF. 


DOSSER. 


dossier, docier, {. dos back: cf. med.L. dorsarium 
(f. dorsum), to which dorser is conformed.] 

1, An ornamental cloth used to cover the back of 
a seat, esp. of a throne or chair of state, or as a 
hanging for the wall of a hall or room of state, or 
of the chancel of a church (=Dossat b). 

a, 13.. Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 478 Hit watz don abof pe dece, 
on doser to henge. '¢ 1380 Sir Ferupib. 1340 dossers 
were of ryche pal ; y-brouded al wip golde. 1432 Zest. Ebor. 
II. 22 A rede docer with a banquere, and all y* whisshyns. 
1495 Nottingham Rec. 111, 40 Unum doser ad pendendum 
supra lectum cum curtenis eidem pertinentibus, 

. 1379 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 242/2 
Best dorser, four costers and one banker. 14.. Lat. § Eng. 
Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 579/23 Dorsorium, a dorsere. 1516 
Inventories (1815) 28 (Jam.) A frountell of ane alter of 
clothe of gold, a dorsour of clothe of gold. 1870 Morris 
Earthly Par. 1. 1. 555 Dorsars, with pearls in every hem. 

2. A basket carried on the back, or slung in pairs 
over the back of a beast of burden, a pannier. 

a. ¢1384 Cuaucer H. Fame ut. 850 Men..maken of 
these panyers Or elles hottes or dossers. c1449 Pecock 
Repr. 1. vi, 30 Schulde men seie. .that tho fischis grewen 
out of the panyeris or dossers. 1532 More Confut. Tindale 
Wks. 657/2 The deuil hath..made him to fall in the diche 
with his docer, and breake all his egges. 1608 Merry 
Devil of Edmonton in Hazl. Dodsley X. 224 Turn the 
wenches off, And lay their dossers tumbling in the dust. 
1725 Bravtey Fam. Dict. s.v. Seeds, Seven or eight 
Dossers full of this earth. 1 Stmes Mil. Guide, Dosser, 
a kind of basket..to be carried on the shoulders, used to 
carry the overplus earth from one part of a fortification to 
another. 1850 Leitcu tr. Miller's Anc. Art § 388 She seems 
to be in the act of suspending the first in a kind of dosser, 

B. 1526 Ord. Hen. VIII, in Househ. Ord. (1790) 143 
And that the dorsers keepe theirdue gage. 1625 FLETCHER 
& Suirtey Nt. Walker 1, 1 may meet her Riding from 
Market..’twixt her Dorsers. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blona’s 
Gardening 108 Dorsers or Hampers carried by Horses or 
Asses. 1877 Wraxatt Hugo's Misérables w. xiii, A rag- 
picker with her dorser and her hook. 

+b. A syphilitic swelling or bubo. Oés. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health \xxxii. 34. 

3. attrib.and Comd., as + dosser-head, a foolish 
person ; + dosser-headed a., foolish. 

1612 Dekker Jf it be not good Wks. 1873 III. 312 That's 
the cause we haue so many desserhieads, 1655 tr. De 
Parc's Francion 1. 26,1 find you are not dosser-headed. 

+ Dosser 2, Ols. rare. [f. Doss v.1 + -ER'.] 
pil. The horns of an animal. 

1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. vit. (1593) 161 A ram..Was 
thither ..drawne..the medicine ..seard his dossers from 
his pate, And with his hornes abridgd his yeares. 

Do'sser ®. slang. [f. Doss v.42 + -rr1.] One 
who frequents, or sleeps at, a common lodging- 
house. Happy dosser: see quot. 1884. 

1866 Temple Bar Mag. XVII. 33 The entrance .. is 
usually thronged with ‘dossers’ (casual ward frequenters). 
1884 G. R. Sims in Rep. Comm. Housing of Wrkg. Classes 
App. 185/2 People crowd in at night, and sleep on the 
stairs of the houses..they call them ‘’appy dossers’.. 
‘’appy dosser’ means a person who sleeps where he can. 
1891 Boorn Darkest Eng. 98 There is no compulsion upon 
any one of our dossers to take part in this meeting. 

Dosseret (dp'séret). Arch. [a. F. dosseret, 
dim. of dossier: see Dosser!.] (See quots.) 

1865 LEcclesiologist Feb. 2 The supplementary abacus, or 
dosseret—that cubical block of stone, often higher than the 
capital itself..so often found above the capitals of Byzan- 
tine columns. 1865 Sat. Rev. 182 The capitals .. have a 
second capital, called a dosseret, above the regular one. 

Dosseyn, obs. form of Dozen. 


Dossiberd, var. of DasiBERD, Odés. 
Dossier (dp’sia1). 


of papers or documents referring to some matter. 
1880 Contemp. Rev. 992 The dossiers of the electioneering 
ent. 1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1040/2 A part of the Great 
astings dossier, the case against Sir Elijah Impey. 

Dossil (dp'sil). Forms: 3 dosil, 4 dosele, 
-eil, 5 dosel(le, -ylle, duselle, 6 dossell, 6-8 
dozel(1, 7 dossill, 9 dossel, 7- dossil. [a. OF, 
dostl, now doisil, douzil spigot, plug, tap, cock :— 
late L. duciculus (Du Cange), dim. of dux, duc-em 
leader, Med.L. had also ducit//us, doctllus.] 

tL A give for a barrel ; a spigot. Ods. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 542 Hii caste awei the dosils, that win 
orn abrod. 13.. Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1150 And tho [=when] 
he hadde mad holes so fele, In ech he pelt a dosele. c 1425 
Voce. in Wr.-Wiilcker 659 Hic ducellus, dosylle. 1483 Cath, 
Angi. 111/2 A Duselle. 

2. A plug of lint or rag for stopping a wound, 
etc. ; a pledget. 

1575 Banister Chyrurg. 1. (1585) 262 With some dozell or 
fitte bowlster, layde on the oo. aon Wiseman Chirurg. 
Treat. 299, 1 dressed the Bone with Dossils dipt in a new- 
laid Egg. 1751 Smotietr Per. Pic. xxvii, A dossil of lint 
with a snip of plaister. a Med. Frnl. XIV. ie, I 
dressed the wound with small dossils, imbued with vul- 
nerary water. 

3. dial. (See quots.) 

1828 Craven Dialect, Dossel, a wisp of ha: 
stop up any aperture of a barn, &c. 1847-78 
Dossei, the rose at the end of a water-pipe. 

4. A roll of cloth for wiping off the excessive ink 
from the surface of a (a ead in printing. 

1874 in Knicut Dict. Mech. 

» “yn, obs, forms of DozEn, 


or straw to 
HALuiwett, 


608 


Dossity, var. of Docrry. 

Dossour, dosur(e, obs. forms of DossEr 1. 

Dost (dzst), 2 sing. pres. ind. of Do z., q.v. 

Dosy, var. Dozy. 

Dosze-peres, var. DouzEerrrs, Ods. 

Dot (det), sd.1 Also 7-9 dott, 7-8 dote. [Of 
OE. dott a single instance is known in sense ‘ head 


of a boil’; otherwise the word is not known till | 


16th c., and not common till 18th c. The OE. 
word was cognate with OHG. /utto, ‘utta, mod. 
Ger, dial. diitte, nipple of the breast; perh. also 
with mod.Dnu, dof ‘twirled knot of silk or thread’, 
but the radical sense is not clear; if *dz¢to-z, dott, 
was the source of dy¢/an to Dit, stopup, the original 
notion might be ‘small lump, clot y 

+1. The head of a boil. (Only OE.) 

cr100e Sax. Leechd, 111. 40 Zeopenize mon ponne pone 
dott, and binde pone clidan to ban swyle. 

2. A small ump, a clot. Ods. or dial. 

[r530 PatsGrave is cited by Hattiwett.] 1570 Levins 
Manip. 176/24 A dot, obstructorium. 1611 CotGr., Cra- 
cher vn lacobin, to spit out a collop, or dot of flegme. 
Tbid., Glagon ..a dot or collop of flegme spet out. 
Lonsdale Gloss., Dot, a small lump. 

3. A minute spot, speck, or mark of different 
colour or material from the surface on which 
it is. 

1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 25 There being as many 
things to be known, as there are dotts or points in the out- 
war oorvge nf 1776 WitHerinc Brit. Plants (1796) 1. 266 
Receptacle globular, or oblong, with hollow dots. 1805 Jed. 
Frnl. X1V. 367 In the measles the rash is composed of 
circular dots partly distinct, trie! set in small clusters. 
1861 Miss Pratr / lower. Pl. III. 289 Little dots or glands 
of the leaves. 

Jig. a1653 Gouce Comm, Heb. iii. 4 Unless the hollow 
dotes of hypocrisie be made plain and even..we can never 
make up a Temple for God to dwell in. 

b. Plastering: (see quots. 1823 and 1874). ce. 
Mining: (see quot. 1881), a. Embroidery: (see 
quot. 1882). 

1823 P. Nicnotson Builder 390 Dots, patches of plaster put 
on to regulate the floating rule in making screeds and bays. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 722/1 Dots (Plastering), nails 
driven into a wall to a certain a so that their protrud- 
ing heads form a gage of depth in laying on a coat of 
plaster. 1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., Dotts or Dott- 
holes, small openings in the vein. 1882 CauLFreitp & Sawarp 
Dict. Needlework 154/2 Dot, an Embroidery stitch used in 
all kinds of fancy work, and known as Point de Pois and 
Point d'Or. 

4. A minute roundish mark made with a pen or 
the like, or resembling one so made. 

1748 Anson's Voy, 1. i. 315 A small island..which is 
represented in the general chart.. only by a dot. 17: 


| J. Loutnian Form of Process (ed. 2) 184 The Clerk marks 


with a Dote or Stroke of Ink, the Names of all that do 
appear, 18x Craic Lect. Drawing vii. 403 Working 
[engraving] entirely in dots or points. 1843 Prescotr 
Mexico (1850) I. 91 The first twenty numbers were expressed 


| by a corresponding number of dots. 


(a. F. dossier, in sense | tho 
| units. 


‘bundle of papers’, which from their bulging are | 
likened to a back (dos): see DossER1.] A bundle | 


5. Specifically: Orthogr. a. A point used in 
punctuation; as in the period or full stop (.), or 
the colon (:).  b. The point over the letters i 
and j; formerly also over y as a vowel, c. A 
point placed over, under, or by a letter or figure to 
modify its signification, pronunciation, or value. 

1740 Dycue & Parpon, Dot, a small mark or point, such 
as is put over an i, or at the end of a sentence. a1771 
G. Suarre Method Learn, Hebrew Lang. i.(R.), To express 
thousands the Rabbins usually place two dots over the 
1794 Wotcorrt (P. Pindar) Rowland for Ol. Wks. 
II. 380 On each superfluous letter-vents a sigh, and saves the 
little dot upon an #, 1844 Upton Physioglyphics go p re- 
presents P, but p (without the dot) is equivalent to Ph. 
1887 Lp, Dery in Pall Mall G. 15 Nov. 14/1 He did not 
care to put the dots on the i's [see Dor v. 1 b], but he said 
with conviction that the difficulty which Malthus pointed 
out seventy years ago..was upon us again, 

da. Mus. A point placed for various purposes 
after, over, or under a note, after a rest, or before 
or after a double bar. 

1806 CaLicorr Mus. Gram. iii. 32 When it is necessary 


to lengthen a Note by half its value, a dot is after it, 
1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 431/1 Notes marked with dots 
should be less s#acca¢o than t with dashes, /did. 456/2 


Dots following rests lengthen them to the same extent as 
when applied to notes. /did. 457/2 Double Bar .. when 
ac panied by dots indi that the section on the same 
side with the dots is to be repeated, 
6. A little child or other tiny creature. 
1859 Carern Ball. & Songs 174 Right joyous be thy lot.. 
Fy dt ee dot. eax Lond. up to Date 
ildren, from little dots of four and five. , 


xii. 149 Troops of c 
to big girls, 

7. The act by which a dot is made by a point 
— a surface. Sci = 

X AWTHORNE Fr, t. . 1.2 e..stum) 
ona a faster or psd A ath his rte rote op 
our pace, ‘ 

8. Comb., as dot-like adj.,-maker ; also, dot-and- 
dash a., formed by dots and dashes, as the Morse 
telegraph-alphabet, etc. ; dot-hole (see sense 3 c) ; 
dot-plant, a plant that stands out as a conspicuous 
spot of varied colour in a mass of plants; dot-punch 
=CENTRE-punch; dot-stitch, a stitch used in 
making dots in embroidery ; dot-wheel, a toothed 


1869 


| surface; to scatter like dots or 


1876 Preece, etc., Tei ty (ed. 2) 54 Representing the 

one signal by a dot (. aa thet char'by a tha €-), woken 
Fat Tee of Morse. /éid. 73 Instruments 
dash si 

in large of Pel 


1895 Daily News 4 Apr. 6/1 Dot-like ii 
| Dot (det), sd.2 [a. mod.F. dot (dot), ad. L. 


dot-em dower.) A woman’s marri portion ; 
the property which she brings with her, and of 
which the interest or annual income alone is under 


her husband’s control. See also Dore sé.2, which 
is the historical Eng. form. 

Tuackeray Newcomes (1879) I. xxxi. 354 (Stanf.) 
Mademoiselle has so many francs of dot. 1870 H. SMart 
Race for Wife ii, There would, perhaps, be some little 
difficulty about the dot. 1882 Mrs. Ripert Pr. Wales's 
Garden-Party 37 She had a dot of three thousand pounds, 
which. . brought in under a hundred a year. 


Dot (dpt), v.! [f Dor sb.1] 

1. trans. To mark with a dot or dots; to make 
a dot or dots on. Dot in, to fill in with dots. 

1740 Dycue & Parpon, Dot, to mark with —— oe 
as engravers do to express Or in Heraldry. 1776 G. Sem- 
PLE Building in Water 87 A third Plate..which see 
dotted out. 1811 Se/f /ustructor 524 To imagine that the 
picture was entirely dotted in. 1852 ALrorp in Li/é (1873) 
211 The choice geraniums are where I have dotted my plan, 

b. To put the dot (*) over the letter i or j. 
To dot the i’s (fig.): to fill in the particulars, to 
particularize minutely. 

1849 THAcKERAY in Scribner's Mag. 1. 557/1 1 have.. 
dotted the i’s. 1865 Cornh. Mag. Aug. 254 None of the 7’s 
are dotted, the dot being first used towards the end of the 
fourteenth century. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 June 6/2 
Improving the interval..to dot his i's and cross his t's. 
1896 Daily Chron. 20 Apr. 4/7 [He] dotted our ‘i's’ and 
crossed our ‘t’s’ with a vengeance about the lack of men in 
the Navy. 

2. To cover or diversify as with minute spots. 

1818 J. Marspen Amusem. Mission. (ed. 2) 42 These 
em’'rald isles, that Ocean’s bosom dot. ax SEACanEAY 
Hist. Eng. V. The whole Channel was dotted with our 
cruisers, 1868 ons Earthly Par. 1. 171 Meadows green 
Dotted about with spreading trees. 

Jig. 1853 J. Cumminc Foreshadows ix. 242 Her nation’s 
history was dotted with judgements from the Lord. 


3. To place like dots at separate points on a 


specks. 

1816 Keatince Trav. (1817) IL. 2 Tenaas fowls [were] 
dotted here and there through the other groups. < 
Lapy Canninc in Hare 720 Noble Lives (1893) Il. 4 
The staff are dotted about by twos in different bungalows. 
1868 Morris Harthly Par. I. 364 All about were dotted 


leafy trees, : é 
4. To write down compendiously ; to jot down, 
1845 Foro Hand-bk, 


1773 [see Dortinc vbl. sd. PA 
Sfaim 1. 58 One word dotted down on the spot is worth 


a cart-load of recollections. 1860 THackeray Round. Papers, 
Screens in Din, Rooms (1876) 60, 1 had an amiable com. 
panion close by me, dotting down my conversation. 
. intr. To make a dot or dots. See next, 
1755-73 Jounson, Dot, to make dots or spots. 
Dot and carry (one). 
1. A schoolboy’s expression in some processes of 


elementary arithmetic (subtraction, division, and 
addition). Hence, a name for such process ; also 


for one who does calculations or teaches elementary, 
arithmetic. 

1785 Grose Dict. 
a writing or 
Nigel v, You old dotard Dot-and-carry-one that you are. 
18.. Lowe. Didactic Poetry Poet. Wks. 1890 IV. 226 The 
metre, too, was regular As schoolboy’s dot and carry. 

2. humorously =next. Also fig. and ¢ransf, 

1841 Leman Reve 16 String Yack 1. iv, (Farmer) Of all 
the rummy chaps I ever did see, that dot-and-carry-one of 
old poetry is the queerest. 1883 Stevenson 7yeas, /s/. 1y. 
xvi, I know my pulse went dot and carry one. 

Dot and go one. An expression representing 
the limp of a lame of one leg, or who has a 
wooden leg which makes a ‘dot’ on the ground 
for each step that the other goes. Used sadst. 
for the action, and for the — 3 and as adj. and 
adv., qaahiyng either. Also fig. and ¢ransf. 

1772 Nucent tr. Hist. Friar Gerund 1. 130 The Dot-and- 

‘o-one of whom we are speaking. 1773 Mav. D'Arstay 
p toe Diary 2 Oct., The attentive kind husband, who.. 
prefers a dot-and-go-one with his wife to the fay conan 


Vulg. 7. mer ig “One, 


without. Barnam Jnugol. Leg., Lay St. Nici \iii 
He rose wants sun, limping ‘ dot and ‘oone’, 186% T, A. 
ious dot-and-go- 


Trotiore La Beata I. viii. 188 The lal 
one walk ioned by his | 188r J. HAWTHORNE 
Fort. Fool 1. xx, The conversation..hobbled along in the 
discontinuous, dot-and-go-one fashion that conversations 
sometimes affect, 
v2 rare. [ad. mod.F, doter, after Dor sb.? 
The historical Eng. form was Dore v,2] vans. 
To dower (a bride) with a marriage 
1887 E. Gerarp Land beyond Forest (1 ya ot The 
empress undertook to dot every young gipsy who 


married a person of another race. 
e (do™tédg). [app.f, Dore v.1 or sb.1 + 
-aae. Cf. F, radotage. i 


1. The state of one who dotes or has the intellect 
impaired, now esp. through old age ; feebleness or 


« 
4 


DOTAL. 


imbecility of mind or understanding ; infatuation, 
folly ; second childhood ; senility. Also ¢ransf. 

13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1425 Penne a dotage ful depe drof 
to his hert. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer W7/e's Prol. 709 Thanne sit 
he doun, and writ in his dotage, That wommen kan nat 
kepe hir mariage. c1430 Lypc. Hors, Shepe & G. 156, 
I trowe he be falle in Dotage. 1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 
158 Y¢ absurde dotage of him that thinketh ther is no god. 
1618 Botton /Vorus ul. vii. (1636) 194 Hee had the reward 
of his dotage, for the Cretensians intercepted most part of 
his navie. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. WH”, xiv, The world is in its 
dotage. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 472 Now fast 
sinking into dotage. 


_b. A foolish or imbecile thought, word, or 
deed ; a folly or stupidity. 

a1gz9 Sketton Reflyc. 272 Deullysshe pages, Full of 
suche dottages. 1636 Pryvnne Undbish. Time. (1661) 3 This 
..is anotorious dotage and untruth. 1772 FLercuer Logica 
Genev. 47 Enemies to his antinomian dotages. 1825 CoLE- 
RincGe Ards Refi. (1848) I. 233 mote, A specimen of these 
Rabbinical dotages. . ‘ 

2. The action or habit of doting upon any one ; 
foolish affection ; excessive love or fondness. 

¢1440 Partonope 4768 She ganne no nye fall wyth hym 
in dotage. 1470-85 Matory Arthur wv. i, Merlyn felle in 
a dottage on the damoisel. 1513 More Rich. /// (1883) 
59 Fora litle wanton dotage vppon her parson. 1699 BuRNET 
39 Art. xxii. (2700) 242 A most excessive dotage upon 
the 1814 Byron Corsair u. xiv. 66 Oh! that this 
dotage of his breast would cease ! 

b. An object doted upon, or regarded with 
excessive fondness. 

1662 CoKkAInE Ovid 1. iii. Dram. Wks. (1874) 224 You 
shall..Become Jove’s dotage, and be Queen of heaven. 
1821 Byron Sardan, u. i, He loved that gay pavilion,—it 
was ever His summer dotage. 1845 Whitehad/ ii. 7 Being 
his father’s dotage. 

Dotal (dé" tal), a. [ad. L. détal-ts, f. dot-em 
dowry, marriage portion, endowment; perh. 
immed. a. F. dofal (16th c.).] Pertaining to a 
dower, dowry, or marriage portion of a woman. 

1513 Doucras Aine7s x1. vii. 182 Gif..this hald ryall 
Suld be thy drowry, and rich gift dotall. 162x G. Sanpys 
Ovid's Met. xiv. (1626) 296 Nor contend .. for Latinus 
crowne, Nor dotall Kingdome. 1722 Wottaston Relig. 
Nat. viii. 156 note, There were witnesses, and dotal writ- 
ings. 1875 Maine Hist. Just. xi. 320 The well-ascer- 
tained rules supplied by the written law for dotal settle- 
ments, 

+ Dotant. Ods. rare—. [f. Dore v, +-anT), 
Cf. F. radotant, pres. pple.] = Dorarp. 

1607 Suaks. Cor. v. ii. 47 Such a decay’d Dotant as you 
seeme to be, 

(dé"taid), sb. anda. Also 5 doterd, 
5-6 dooterd, -arde, (6 dodart), 6-7 dottard, 7-8 
doatard. [In sense 1, f. DoTE v.+-aRD. See 
also note to sense 2.] A. 5b. 

An imbecile, a silly or stupid person; now, 
usually, one whose intellect is impaired by age; 
one who is in his dotage or second childhood. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 331 For certeyn olde dotard 

- by youre leue Ye shul haue queynte right ynogh at eue. 
c 1489 Caxton Sonnes cf Aymon ix. 208 Thou were an olde 
dooterd and a foole. 1509 Barctay Shyf of Folys (1874) 
I. 47 Thou blynde dodart, these wordes holde thou styll. 
¢16r0 RanvotpH £c/og. in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 280 
Doatard : you fowle on Pan’s omniscience fall. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. xx. 433 The dotard’s mind To every sense is lost, to 
reason blind. 1862 MerivaLe Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. xvii. 
13 He declared that the dying man’s disposition. .was the 
act of an incapable dotard. 

+b. One who dotes (07 something) ; a doter. 

1602 Marston Ant, & Mel. uu. Wks. 1856 I. 25 That 
peevish dotard on thy excellence. 

+2. (Also dottard.) A tree that has lost its top 
or branches, and of which the trunk alone remains, 
more or less in a state of decay. Sometimes 
identified with fo//ard; sometimes apparently dis- 
tinguished, as having lost its branches by damage 
or decay, and not by lopping or polling. Ods. 

[It is doubtful whether this is the same word as sense 1; 
were it not that the synonymous Dopparp is known only 
later, it would be natural to take that as the original word, 
from Don v., with dottard, dotard, as variants assimilated 
to this word.] 

a 1603 NV. nie Rec. (1894) 260 Warrants for the sale 
of dotards. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 586 We see almost all 
Overgrowne-Trees. .are Pollards, or Dottards, and not Trees 
at their full Height. 1662 Perry 7axes 44 The same ill 
husbandry, as to make fuel of young saplings, instead of 
dotards and pollards. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Wil- 
Zow, A Willow Planted and well manag'd, may continue 
five and twenty Years..Old rotten Dotards may be fell’d 
and easily supply’d. 

adj. [attrtb. use of the sd.] 
Re Imbecile, silly ; in senile decay or second child- 
ood. 

1386 CHAUCER Wife's Prol. 291 Olde dotard shrewe. 
1557 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr, Prol. Aijb, I never sawe 
amore dootarde foole than Phormio. 1795 Soutney Yoan 
of Arc iu. 541 To please Your dotard fancies! 1876 A. D. 

Murray Charnwood 143 My old aunt ..has been very 
feeble and dotard all the winter. 

+2. Of a tree: Remaining as a decayed trunk 
without branches: see A. 2. Ods. ° 

1585 Burcuiry Let. in Reg. Mert. Il. 108 The sale of 
some dottard trees..for their necessary fewell. 1697 Lur- 
tRELL Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 202 A grant worth £20,000 of 
dotard trees in Needwood forest. 1797 Burns Eccl. Law 
(ed, 6) and cag If dotard trees are privileged, much more 
ought pollards. 

Vo, IIT. 


609 


Hence Do'tardage, Do'tardism, Do‘’tardy 
(nonce-wds.), the state of being a dotard; Do-- 
tardly a., foolish, stupid ; Dotard-like a. 

1664 H. More Antid. agst. Idol, 38 That dull and 
dotardly sin of Idolatry. 1831 Lincoln Herald 7 Oct. 4 
Dotardism itself could go no further. 1859S. WILBERFORCE 
in Zimes 28 Feb, 12/3 Drivelling dotardage. 

Dotarie, obs. form of DotErRy. 


+ Dotate, #//. a. Obs. Also -at. [ad. L. 
dotat-us pa. pple. of dotdre: see next.] Endowed, 
bestowed. Used as fa. pple. 

1536 BELLENDEN Croz. Scot. (1821) I. Cosmogr. p. xxxix, 
Glasgu..quhare ane nobill kirk is dotat richelie in honour of 
Sanct Mungow. 1560 in Spottiswood Hist. CA, Scot, ut. 
(1677) 164 All things dotate to hospitality in times past. 

Dota‘te, v. rare. [f. L. détare, dotat- to en- 
dow, f. dds, dot-em dowry.] trans. To endow. 

1872 Daily News 26 Sept., Get our bishop elected, recog- 
nised, dotated. 

Dotation (dotéi*fon). [a. F. dofation, ad. L. 
dotation-em, n. of action f. dotave: see prec.] The 
action of endowing ; endowment. 

¢1380 Wycur Agst. Begg. Friers Sel. Wks. III. 513 
Summe of hem receyven dymes and dotaciouns. ¢ 1450 
Mirour Saluacioun 4321 Haly sawles shal be dowed be 
treble dotacionne. 1862 Win3ET Cert. 7 vactates iii. Wks. 
1888 I. 24 Amang sa gret liberalitie, and ryche dotations 
maid in Scotland. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. Ded. § 8. 3 
This dedicating of Foundations and Dotations to professory 
Learning..hath..had a Maligne aspect, and influence upon 
the growth of Scyences. 1767 BLackstone Comm, 1. xviii. 
269 ‘I'he .. most considerable dotations of religious houses. 
1853 MerivaLe Xom. Rep. ix. (1867) 261 ‘The measure em- 
braced.. a general dotation of the poorer citizens. 

Dotaunce: see Dousrance. 

|| Dotchin (dp'tfin). Also 8 dodgeon, 9 dodg- 
ing. [Corruption of the Cantonese name /oh-ch‘ing 
(in Court dialect /o-ch‘éug’ f. toh to measure + cheng 
to weigh (N. A. Giles).] The name in the south 
of China for the small hand-steelyard there used. 

1696 Bowyear’s Frnl. at Cochin-China in Dalrymple 
Orient. Rep. (1808) I. 88 (Y ) For their Dotchin and Ballance 
they use that of Japan. xgzx C. Lockyer 7vade in Ind. 
v. 113 Never weigh your Silver by their Dotchins, for they 
have usually two Pair, one to receive, the other to pay by. 
1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod, Trade 48 Dodgings..very similar 
to steelyards. 1833 J. Hottanp Manu. Metal II. 294 The 
steelyard..resembling in form the little instrument in use 
amongst the Chinese, called the dotchins. 

+ Dote, 52.1 Oés. [f. Dore v.!: with sense 2 
cf. MDu. dote folly, weakness of mind.] 

1. A foolish or weak-minded person ; a dotard. 

ax2so Prov, ALlUfred 422 in O. EF. Misc. 128 Ich holde 
hine for dote [v.~. a dote] }at sayp al his wille. c1320 S77 
Benes 217 Aj3ilt be, treitour! pow olde dote! c¢1460 
Lowneley Myst. (Surtees) 27 Hit is wonder that I last sich an 
old dote Alle dold. 15.. Smyth §& Dame 325 in Hazl. 2. P. 2. 
III. 213 Come forthe, olde dote. 1630 7inker of Turvey, 
Seamans 7,103 How did his death-bed make him a doate! 

2. A state of stupor; dotage. 

1619 Z. Boyp Last Battell (1629) 529 (Jam.) Thus after as 
in a dote he hath tottered some space about, at last he 
falleth downe to dust. 

3. A piece of folly. Cf. DotEry,. 

1643 Plain English 18 The votes (to them now ridiculous 
and call’d dotes) passed against them. 

Dote (det), sb.2 arch. [app. a. 16th c. F. dote, 
var. of dot, ad. L. dét-em (dos) dowry; see Dor sd.+] 

1. A woman’s marriage portion; endowment, 
dowry. (Now usually superseded by dot from Fr.) 

1s1s Mary Tupor Let. to Hen. VIII, in Facsim. Nat. 
MSS. 11. vii, Iam contented .. to geue you all the hoole 
dote whiche was delyuered with me. 1538 Starkey Eng- 
land u. i. 151 To the dote of pore damosellys and vyr- 
gynys. 1676 Coke Circumcision Mustapha in Harl. 
Misc. (1745) V. 347 Four Millions..of Dollars, which is her 

jote. 1753 in Doran ‘Mann’ § Manners (1876) I. xv. 

53 She,.insisted upon the restitution of her Dote. 1858 

ROUDE //ist. Eng. III. xv. 278 The amount of dotes and 
dowries. .and other legal details, were elaborately discussed. 

+2. fg. (Usually in £7.) A natural gift or endow- 
ment. Ods. 

1546 Lancey Pol. Verg. De Invent. Pref. 4 Through the 
dotes and qualities of the soule. 1580 Sipney Arcadia i. 
(1622) 276 Extolling the goodly dotes of Mopsa. 1656 
Jeanrs Fuln. Christ 366 Cloathed with four glorious dotes, 
or endowments, impassibility, subtilty, agility, and clarity. 

Dote, doat (dot), v.l Forms: 3 dotie(n, 
doten, 5 doyt(e, doote, 3- dote, 6- doat. [Early 
ME. doten, dotien (of which no trace is known in 
OE.), corresponds to MDu. doten to be crazy or 
silly, to dote. Kilian has, in same sense, dofen, = 
dutten: cf. mod.Du. dutten to take a nap, to dote, 
dutter a doter, etc., also MHG. /ofzen to take a 
2 (:—*dottéjan), Icel. dotta to nod from sleep. 

The LG, stem dotex was the source of OF. redoter, mod.F. 
vadoter to rave, dote ; the close parallelism of sense between 
F, radoter, radoté, and Eng. dote, doted, and the presence 
of Eng. derivatives with F. suffixes, as dotage, dotant, 
dotery=¥. radotage, radotant, radoterie, show an inti- 
mate connexion between the F. and Eng. words, as if the 
— tee immediately from an AF, *doter for OF, ve- 

loter. 

I. intr. 1. To be silly, deranged, or out of one’s 
wits ; to act or talk foolishly or stupidly. 

a@i225 Ancr. R. 224 Heo ualled..into deop Ponilia, so pet 
heo dotie. a@axz25 Leg. Kath. 2111 Hu nu, dame, dotestu? 
1387 Trevisa Hzgden (Rolls) IV. 403 Me semeth bat bey 
doteb [wthi desipere videntur). c1440 York Myst, xxx. 


DOTEHEAD. 


259 Whedir dote we or dremys? 1548 Upatt, etc. Evasur. 
Par. Acts xxvi. 24 [Felix] sayd with a loude voyce, ‘hou 
dotest Paul. 16rx Buse 1 777. vi. 4 Doting [Tinpace, etc. 
wasteth his braynes] about questions, and strifes of wordes. 
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 1. 71 Every evening he.. 
doted. 1798 CoLeripGE Fears iz Solit. v. 171 Others... Dote 
with a mad idolatry. 1871 R. Exiis Catuddus xxxy. 12 She 

..Doats, as hardly within her own possession. 

2. Now esp. To be weak-minded from old age ; 
to have the intellect impaired by reason of age. 

(Formerly only contextual.) 

¢1205 Lay. 3294 Me punched pe alde mon wole dotie nou 
nan. c1330 R. Bruxne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2404 My 
fader in elde dotes. c¢1440 Prop. Parv. 128/1 Doton, or 
dote for age, dedirv. 1530 PatsGr. 525/2, I dote for age, as 
olde folkes do, ze me radote. 1593 Drayton Ecdog. vi. 29 
Thou dot’st in thy declining Age. c1710 C. Fiennes Diary 
(1888) 301 The parson. .is now old and doates. 1819 CraBBE 
T. of Hall 11. Wks. 1834 VI. 39 We grow unfitted for that 
world and dote. 

3. To be infatuatedly fond of; to bestow exces- 
sive love or fondness ov or a#fon; to be foolishly 
in love. Const. + of (obs. rare), wfo7, 07. 

1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 129 Thyngis that a 
prynce ought to eschewe .. the therde, dotyng of women, 
1530 PatsGr. 525/2 It is a gret madnesse to dote upon an 
other mans wyfe. 1589 Warner Add. Eng. Vi. Xxx. (1612) 
149 Not one but wexed amorous, yea euen Diana doted. 
rsgx SHaks. 77vo Gent. w. iv. 87 You doate on her, that 
cares not for your loue. 1623 Magsincer Dé. Milan ut. it, 
A fine she-waiter .. that doted Extremely of a gentleman. 
1742 Younc Nt. 7h. 1. 277 How distant oft the thing we 
doat on most, From that for which we doat, Felicity ! 
1837 Howitr Rar. Life ut. iv. (1862) 255 Where lies 
the mother on whom I doated, and who doated on 
me. 

4. To decay, as a tree. Obs. exc. dial. Cf. 
Doren 2, Dotine ffl. a. 3, DOTARD 2. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb.1. 752 Vhe seed of thorn in hit wol 
dede and dote, 1893 E. Coves Lew/s §& Clark's Exped. 
g51 ote, In North Carolina .. it is said of trees dead at 
the top, that they are doted, or have doted. 

II. trans. +5. To cause to dote; 
crazy ; to befool, infatuate. Ods. 

1471 Rirtey Comp. Adch. v. xxxiii. in Ashm, (1652) 156 
Dotyng the Merchaunts that they be fayne ‘To let them 
go. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 652/1 Vse no bab- 
bling to dote mens heades vpon. 1580 SipNEY Arcadia 
(1622) 103 If my miserable speeches haue not alreadie doted 
you. a161r Beaum. & Fi. Maza’s Trag. m1. ii, Why wilt 
thou dote thyself Out of thy life ? 

+6. To say or think foolishly. Ods. 

1555 Even Decades 46 Hee openinge his mouthe. .doateth 
that the Zemes spake to hym duryng the tyme of his traunce. 
1612 T. Tayior Comm. Titus iit. 2 Whatsoeuer the Mani- 
chees haue doated to the contrarie. 

. To love to excess; to bestow extravagant 


affection on. Oés. 

1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 73b/2 Whan he was olde he so 
doobted and loued hem. 1673 Rules of Civility 108 Endure 
a little hunger, and not dote and indulge their appetites as 
they do. 

Dote, v.2 Sc. Now rare. Also 6 dot, doit. [a. 
F. doter (13th c.), ad. L. @étare to endow, portion, 
f. dot-em. See also Dor v.2, in mod. use.] 

+1. trans. To endow with riches, dignities, etc. 

1535 Stewart Crox. Scot. 11. 188 And dot thame [Kirk- 
men] with far moir dignitie, Na euir tha had. 1549 ComfJ. 
Scot. xvi. 141 Pepil that ar dotit vitht rason, 1620 W. Scor 
Afpol. Narr. (1846) 39 He was not so liberally doted with 
vnderstanding. 1623 CccKERAM, Dofed, endowed. 

To grant or give as an endowment. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 616 How King Malcolme 
foundit ane Kirk .. and doittit to it mony Landis. 1636 
Scot. Canons in Laua’s Wks. (1853) V. 602 Lands .. doted 
to pious and holy uses. c1771 in Spectator 4 June (1892) 
781/2 A new cup..was presented, or ‘doted’ to the parish. 
1864 T'weepir Lakes, etc. of Bible 209 Abila was doted and 
confirmed to several members of the Herod family. 

Dote, obs. form of Dor. 

Doted, doated (dated), A/a. Also 8 
dotted, 9 dooted. [f. Dore v.l + -Ep1]: cf. 
learned. 

+1. Stupid, foolish, in second childhood, dotard. 

13... E. E. Allit. P. C. 196 What pe deuel hatz pou don, 
doted wrech? c1400 Rom. Rose 4007 She was past al that 
passage And was a doted thing bicomen. a1533 Lo. Ber- 
ners Huon Ixxxi. 242, I haue .. meruayle that [ se you so 
dotyd. 162 Burton Anat. Mel. u. iv. . ii, All such as 
were crased, or any way doted. 1728 P. WALKER Life Peden 
(ed. 3) Pref. 25 In his dotted old Age. 

+b. Infatuated, infatuatedly fond. Ods. 

rgso CRANMER Defence 115b, The people beyng super- 
stitiously enamored and doted vpon the Masse. 1583 GoLp- 
1nG Calvin on Deut, x\viii. 286 They continue doted in 


to drive 


it. 
2. Of a tree: Decayed inside, unsound. Now 


dial, and technical. (Cf. DoTarD 2.) 

1466 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 93 White oke, 
not doted, nor storvyn. 1559 Morwyne Evonym. 3 Woode 
whether it be rotten and doated, or sound. 1787 Best 
Angling (ed. 2) 19 Found. .in the hollow of these trees when 
doated and rotten. 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Dooted, 
(eid of ] timber rendered unsound by fissures. ay Ck, 

mitH in Trans. Amer. Philol. Soc. 47 Doted, ‘decayed 
inside,’ of a tree..quite common in. .Southern States. 1893 
Westm. Gaz. 5 June 6/3 Doated .. full of large knots, ugly 
shakes .. this class of wood is sold in large quantities at the 


* public auctions in the City. 


+ Do-tehead. Oés. rare. [f. Dore sb.1+ Heap, 
Cf. dolthead.| =Dorarp A. 1. 

1530 Tinpate Pract. Pred. Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 265 The 
dotehead was beside himself and whole out his mind 


DOTER. 


Dotel(le : see Dorrue s4.1 and 2. 

Dotepol, var. of Doppyro., Ods. 

Doter, doater (dé"ta1). [f Dore v.1+-ER!: 
influenced by do/ard.] One who dotes. 

1. A person of enfeebled intellect ; a dotard. 

1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 910 He had never seen a 
greater doter then Phormio. 1615 J. SrerHens Satyr. Ess. 
138 These bee the comforts of being famous: let Doaters 
bee ambitious of it. ¢1720 Eart or AiLessury Men. (1890) 
607 A poor old doater, 1832 Lams Let. Wks. (1865) xviii. 
171 Munden dropped the old man, the doater. 

2. One who dotes 0; one foolishly fond. 

1552 Hutoet, Doter or folower of women, mulierarius. 
1633 H. More Antid. Ath. 1. ix. eed 27 Aristotle, who 
was no doter on a Deity. 1742 Younc Nt. 7h. vii. 570 
Patron of pleasure ! doater on delight ! 1852 J. H. NeEwMAN 
Scope Univ. Educ. 25 No doter upon the dead and gone. 

Hence + Do'teress, a female doter. 

1668 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Perfect. Paint. Pref.(R. Supp.) 
An old Dotaresse, who had only slaves in her service, 


+ Do'tery, doterie. Oés. [f. Dore v.: ef. 
F. radoterie.] Doting; stupidity, infatuation, 
folly. 


1587 Gotpinc De Mornay x. 143 God (say they) draweth 
the forme out of the Abilitie of the matter. Let us examine 
this doterie yet further. 1593 Drayton Shepherds Gari. (N.', 
‘These ..spenden day and night in dotarie. 

Doth (dzp), arch. 3rd pers. pres. ind. of Do. 

Dother, dial. form of DoppErR. 

|| Dothienenteritis (dp:pien,entérai‘tis). 
Path. Also (erron.) dothin-. [mod. f. Gr. 509nv 
boil, abscess + ENTERITIS.] Inflammation of certain 
intestinal glands, characteristic of typhoid fever. 

1843 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. 1. 289 The 
disease diagnosed in both instances. .was dothinenteritis. 

Doti, var. of Dxor!, loin-cloth. 

Do'ting, doating, #//. ._ [f. Dore v.l+ 
-1nG1,] The action of the verb Dore. 

1. Action characteristic of a weak or enfeebled 
intellect; imbecility, stupidity; an instance of this. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 128/1 Dotynge, desipiencia. 1548 
UDALL, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts 85b, Dotyng is.. whan a 
man, through erroure of his mynde, swerueth from reason. 
1585 J. Hooker Girald, /rel. in Holinshed Il. 51/2 An 
altercation and warre betweene the king of England and 
Lewes of France, through the doting of both parts. 1690 
Drypen Don Sebast. Pref., I am not yet arrived to the 
age of doting. 1833 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) 317 Can 
these [verses] be doctored into any thing available, or are 
they dotings ? 

2. The bestowal of foolish affection (zfo) ; fond 
attachment. 

1622 Donne Serve. xvi. 161 Such is our passionate Doting 
upon this World. 1665 GLanvitt Scepsis Sci. 53 Dogma- 
tizing, and fond doating upon Authorities. 

Hence Doting-piece, one who is doted on. 

174r RicHarpson Pamela (1824) I. xxxii. 329 My sister 
P— is my doating-piece. 1830 Gopwin Cloudesley 1. vi. 109 
He was his father’s doating-piece. 

ice | doating, ///. a. [f. as prec. + 
-1NG 2.) That dotes. 

1. Weak-minded, foolish, stupid, imbecile. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. ww. x. 257 Folysh moeuynges 
and dotyng opynyons. 1535 CoverDALe £ccé. vii. 25 The 
erroure of dotinge fooles. 1645 Mitton Codast. (1851) 366 
Ignorant and doting surmises. Burke Regic. Peace 
iii. Wks. VIII. 297 The last resource of female weakness, 
of helpless infancy, of doting decrepitude. 1870 Max 
Miicver Sc. Relig. (1873) 273 With silly children, and doting 
grandmothers. 

2. Foolishly or extravagantly fond. 

1577 St. Aug. Manual (Longm.) 1 Loving and yet not 
cone, 1663 Kitticrew Parson's Wed. in Dodsley O. PZ 
(1780) XI. 497 They are still the most doting’st husbands. 
1752 YounG Brothers 1. i. Wks. 1757 II. 210 No picture, by 
the doating eye To be never 1856 Mrs. BrowninG 
Aur, Leigh i. 221 You give us doating mothers. 

3. Of trees: Decaying from age. 

1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort, 32 The old wood, found commonly 
in doating Birches. 1726 Dict. Rust. (ed. 3), Doting-Tree.. 
a Tree almost worn out with age. 1858 O. W. Hotmes 
Ant. Breakf.-t. xi, 109 An old doting oak. 

Hence Do'tingly adv., in a doting manner or 
degree: infatuatedly ; fondly. 

1548 Cranmer Catech. 123 b, Thei dotyngly loued all that 
was their awne. 1608 T. Morton Pream. Encounter 128 So 
dotingly vaine in ostentation of his owne wit. 1684 tr. 
Agrippa's Van. Arts \vii. 165 None more superstitious and 
eg a 1839-40 W. Irvine MWolfert's R. (1855) 85 
The duke. . became dotingly fond of his wife. 

Do'tish, doatish, a. arch. [f. Dore sb.1+ 
-1sH.] Silly, imbecile, stupid, childish. 

1509 Barciay Shyp of Folys (1874) 1. 86 Than comys in an 
other with his dotysshe brayne. 1581 G. Pertir tr Guazzo's 
Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 145 In this dotish simplicitie, he shewed 
himselfe as verie a clowne. 1607 Torseti. Four. Beasts 
(1658) 495 A mad dotish fellow. 183x CarLyLE Misc., Char- 
acteristics (1872) 1V. 30 The tongue as in doatish forget- 
fulness maunders low. 

Hence Do'tishness, silliness, childishness. 

1598 Frorio, Bamdolita, childishnes, dotishnes. 1691-8 
Norris Pract. Disc. 272 A great piece of dotishness and 


stupidity. 
Dotkin, variant of Dopk1n, coin. 
Dotlet, a little or tiny dot : see -LET. 
Dotouse, Dotrel, -elle, obs. ff. Dounrous, 
Dorrerev. 
Dotrinal, -ine, obs. ff. DocrrinaL, Docrring. 
Dottable, z. Capable of being dotted. 


: 610 


1844 Tupper Twins xxiv. 175 Charles’ letter .. was .. less 
warm, less dottable with stars. 

Dottard, obs. or. dial. f. DoraRD, sense 2. 

Dotted (dptéd), pp/. a. [f. Dor v.1+-zp1.] 

1. Formed of or traced by dots. 

1772-84 Cook Voy. II. 1. vii. (R.), Some few places, which 
are here, and in other parts of the chart, distinguished by a 
dotted line. 1869 Pxitiirs Vesuv. vii. 177 One such cone is 
represented by a dotted outline. 

. Marked or covered with or as with dots. 

18axr Craic Lect. Drawing vii. 404 The back-ground .. is 
dotted or pe 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 11. 310 
Elytra a little lo: than the abdomen, dotted. 1872 P’cess 
Auice Mem. 12 Nov. (1884) 287 The wide plateau looked 
dreary and sad - dotted all over with graves. 

3. Furnished with a dot. 

1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 104/1 s.v. Dot, Thus a double dotted 
minim is equal to three crotchets and a quaver. 1869 
OusELEY ppm v. 27 Three minims are placed in every 
bar, against one dotted semibreve in the canto fermo. 

Dottel: see Dorrie sé.2 

Dotter (dp'tar), sb. [f. Dor v.+-ER1.] One 
who or that which dots; an instrument for making 
dots ; spec. a hand-instrument used in embossing 
letters for the blind. 

1832 Examiner 583/1 A musician may be created on any 
emergency with a dotter and ruled paper. 1873 E. Sron 
Workshop fhsig tr Ser. 1. 84/1 Put on the eyes [in bird’s- 
eye maple] by dabbing with the dotter. 1883 N. Suep- 
parp Geo. Eliot's Ess. Introd. 13 A dotter of 1's and crosser 
of ‘T's. 

Dotter, v. Obs. or dial, [Related to DoppER 
and Totrer.] zzfr. To move unsteadily and 
infirmly ; to totter; to fall in a tottering way. 

¢1420 Avow. Arth. xvi, He began to dotur and dote Os 
he hade keghet scathe. axqgo Sir Degrev. 1109 The duk 
dotered to the graund, On erthe swyfitly he swouned. ?1524 
in Ramsay Evergreen I. 213 With Grief ..1 dottard owre 
on Sleip. "1789 Davipson Seasons 112 (Jam.) Willy dottart 
by himsel Among the hens. 

Do-ttered, a. App. an obsolete and dialect 
form of DoraRD a.: Decayed, tottering, or worn 
out with age. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 358 b, Dottered Bus- 
sardly fables of Purgatory. 1884 Gd. Words May 324/2 To 
frighten crows. .is..child’s play or work for olddottered men. 

Dotterel (dp torél), dottrel (dgtrél). Forms: 
5-6 dotrell(e, dottrelle, 6 dotterelle, 6-7 
dot(e)rel, dot(t)erell, dottrell, 7 dottrill, 7-9 
dotteril(l, 8 dotrill, 6- dotterel, dottrel. [f. 
Dore wv !, the suffix appears to be the same as in 
cockerel, mongrel, pickerel, see -REL. It is not 
clear whether sense 1 or sense 2 is the original : 
sense I appears to be the more frequent, and in 
some cases at least sense 2 is evidently treated as 
transf. from it.] 

1. A species of plover (Eudromias morinellus): 
so called from the apparent simplicity with which 
it allows itself to be approached and taken. 

(Collective pl. dotterel: cf. satpe, etc.) 

© 1440 hag Parv. 128/1 Dotrelle, byrde, fingus. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 65 b, This dotrell is a lytell 
fonde byrde, for it helpeth in maner to take it selfe. 16x 
Drayton Panegyr. Verses in Coryat's Crudities, As men take 
Dottrels, so hast thou ta’n us. 1659 D. Pevt /npr. Sea 243 
The Dotteril, of whom they say, that whatsoever is done in the 
sight of her, shee will exactly imitate. 1766 Pennant Zool. 
(1768: IL. 515 The Dottrel appears in spring and in autumn, 
1849 C. Sturt Exped. Centr. Australia I, 311 We passed 
several flights of dotterel making to the south, 1 
Kinestey Herew., 11. xi. 186 Laughing at the dottrel as they 
anticked on the mole hills. , . 

2. A silly person, one whose intellect is decayed, 
a dotard. Sometimes with fig. reference to 1. 
(Now only da/.) 

©1440 Promp. Parv. 128/1 Dotrelle. .idem guod Dotarde. 
1483 Cath, Angl. 104/2 A Dottrelle, desipa. 147-64 Baup- 
win Mor. Philos. oy 1. x, Thy words sauour of old 
idle dottrels tayles. 1583 Gotpinc Cadvin on Deut. 1xxx. 4 
Being a misbegotten generation, they take monkes and old 
dotterelles for their fathers, 1681 Orway Soldier's Fort.1. i. 
Wks. 1728 I. 344 A paralytick coughing decrepid Dotrel. 
1828 Craven Bidict, Dotterill, an old oating fellow. 

b. attrib. or as adj. Foolish, stupid, doting. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 360b, This dottrell 
lerarchy of Rome. 1607 Warkincton Oft. Glass 83 Lest 
the toung of it [a buckle] catch their owne dottril skins. 

3. A doddered tree: so dotterel tree. now dial. 

a1568 Ascnam Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 137 Som old dotterell 
trees. a@ 1618 Sytvester Elegy Sir W, Sidney 108 Doe not 
we take the timber for our turn, And leave the dotrells, in 
their time to burn? 18ax Ccare Vill. Minstr. 1. 52 When 
he..Has mixt with them [Shepherds] beneath a dotterel- 
tree. 1868 J. W. Burcon Province, Bedfordsh. in Bedf. 
Times (Mar.\, Dottred or Dottle-tree, a tree without a head, 
a pollard. Called a dodder tree'in the of the 
county, 

Hence Do'tterelism. : 

x6rr Corcr., Niaiserie, simplicitie, sillinesse, childish- 
nesse. .dotterelisme. 

Dotting (dptin), v7. sd. [f. Dor v.1+-1Ne1.] 

1. The making of dots, or covering of a surface 
with dots ; also, concr. markings so produced. 

1834 Mrs. Somervitie Connex. Phys. Sc. xxxvii. (1849) 444 
An exceedingly delicate and uniform dotting or stippling of 
the sky by points of light. 1870 Ruskin Lect. Art vi. (1875) 
163 The pts to imi the shading of a fine draughts- 
man by dotting. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. wa ip agp 
a form of engraving in which geographical divisions on 


maps are shown by interrupted lines or series of dots. 


DOUBLE. 


this week all in a lump, for I have no time 
dottings. 
3. Comb. 
Kwnicut Dict. Mech. 1. 722/1 Dotting-pen, a 
navies a roulette which ebed dens or detached haf 
on the paper over which it is drawn. 


Dottle (dpt’l), sé.1 and a. Now Sc. In 4-6 

dotel. [f. Dore v.! or sb.1: see-LE.J]  ~ 
A. sb. A fool or dotard ; a silly person. 

13.. E. E. Allit. PB. 1517 Penne be 1 on dece drank. 
1g6s Burn. Paules Ch. in Pilkington’s Wks. \ Parker Soc.) 
586 A drunken dotel. 1894 J. Menzies Our Town viii. 85 
* Your veesits to the auld dottle.’ 

B. adj. In a state of dotage; silly, crazy. Sc. 

1808-18 in Jamieson. 1820 St. Kathleen 111. 162 (Jam.) 
Ye dottle man. 1895 Ian Mactaren Auld Lang Syne ww. 
i. 147 ‘Till he be cripple an’ dottle (crazy). 

Hence Dottled f//. a., (.Sc.) in the state of dotage. 

1825 in JAMIESON. 

» Gottel (dg't’l), sb.2 [app. dim. of 
Dor sé.': cf. Dir v.] 

+1. A plug; =Dossm 1. Obs. 

c Promp. Paro. 127/2 Dotelle, st e of a vesselle 
(dota, H. dossell, P.), sucilins. ductildus 1743 Maxwe.i 
Sel. Trans. Soc. Impr. Knowl. Agric. Scot, 284 (jam.) Have 
a tub, with a small hole in the bottom of it, wherein put a 
cork or dottle in the under e 

2. The plug of tobacco ash remaining in the 
bottom of a pipe after smoking. (orig. Sc.) 

1825 in Jamirson. 1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke vi. (D.), A 
snuffer-tray containing scraps of half-smoked tobacco, ‘ pipe 
dottles’, as he called ame 1890 R. Kiptinc Soldiers Thrte, 
Black Fack (ed. 6) 84 Ortheris shot out the red-hot dottel of 
his pipe on the back of his hairy fist. 1894 DovLe S. Holmes 
214 His before-breakfast pipe, which was composed of all the 
plugs and dottels left from his smokes of the day before. 

LB : see DoTrEREL. 


+Dorttry. Os. [var. of Dorery.] Doting; 
impairment of the intellect. So Dorttrified a., 
rendered doting. 

1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 298 Losse of right 
wits, feeblenesse of braine, dottry, phrensie. 185 . OuTRAM 
Legal & other Lyrics (1887) 82 Dottrified senility. 

Dotty (pti), a! [f. Dor sd.!+-¥1. 

1. Consisting of or characterized by dots ; dot-like. 

1812 Examiner 30 Nov. 763/2 That dotty softness, which 
confers so. .natural a character on the flesh. 1879 Stevenson 
Trav. Cevennes 80 A low dotty underwood that grew thickly 
in the gorges. - 

2. Of unsteady, uneven or feeble gait, as from 
stiffness or lameness. Hence fig., Feeble in mind, 
silly. 

ips 3yortsman g Apr. (Farmer), He begins to go a little 
stiff in his limbs and dotty on his feet. 1884 Daily Zed. 
g Apr. 2/6 (ibid.) He [a race-horse] pulled up in a dotty con- 
dition. 1885 Standard 13 Mar. 641 am not mad, p bee 
or dotty. 

Hence Do'ttiness, unsteadiness of gait. 

1888 Matlock Visiting List 29 Aug. 3/3 An, amount of . 
dottiness like the lurching of a landsman on a rolling steamer, 

Dotty-pol : see LoppyPoLL. 

Doty, @. dia/. [related to Dore v.1 4, Dorarp 
2.) (See quots.) 

1883 Philad. Telegraph XL. No. 44.8 A log may be doty in 
places, and even hollow, and yet have..good timber in it. 
1889 Hurst /orsham Sussex Gloss., Doty, decayed with 
age and crumbling, said of wood. 

Dou, obs. Sc. form of Dove, Dow. 

Douager, -ier, obs. forms of DowaGEr. 

Doual, Douan: see DuaL, Divan. 

|\Douane (du,a'n, dwan), [Fr.; =It. doana, 
dogana, lingua Franca douana, from Arabic: see 
Divan.] A custom-house (in France or the Medi- 
terranean countries). 

1656 Buount Glossogr., Dovane..the name of the 
Custom-house of Lyons ; hence also any Custom or Import. 
1671 Cuarente Let. Customs 25 Lions. .so t that they 
went up and down our Doiiane, or the Christians Warehouse 
amongst our Antilopes. 1828 U.. R. Best) /¢aly 74 The 
douane of Buffalora 1 found su: tly. . vexatious. 


Hence || Douanier (dwanye). [Fr.] A custom- 
house officer (in France or, by extension, elsewhere), 

1739 Gray Let, Poems (1775) 65 The entrance is guarded 
by certain vigilant drag called Dovid 

‘porting Mag. XLV. 293 You have even made the 
douaniers of Dover relent. 

|| Douar, dowar (dia1). Also douwar, 
douah, dooar. [a. Arab. lye diiar, in F. douar.] 
A small encampment of Arab tents grouped in a 


circle round a central enclosure for the cattle. 
1829 Souruey Sir 7. More 11. 176 Those who dwell 


in dou-wars or kraals, 1834 Fraser's Mag. X. 64 poe i 
Tuarick town and Arab douar spread. rigs Au 2 : 
Wks, 168 Straight through a dowar’s ground Chieftain 


rode. 
Douare, obs. form of Dower sb.2 
Doub, var. Doon, a kind of Indian grass. 
Doub(be, Doubelet, obs. ff. Dus, Douniet. 
Double (dz"b'l), a. (adv.) Forms: 3-7 duble, 
doble, 3- double (4-7 dowble, 6-7 dubbel ; with 
© variants in -bb-, el, -il(1, -ul(1, -yl(le, etc.) 
ME. a. OF. duble, doble, later double = Pr. Sp. 
doble, It. doppio :—L. duplu-s twice as much, double, 
f. du-o two + -p/us from root fle- to fill.] 


oo lee al Ce Nia eed 


DOUBLE. 


A. adj. 

1. Consisting of two members, things, or sets 
combined; twofold; forming a pair, paired, 
coupled; made of two layers of material, as a 
garment, etc. Often, with a sing. sb., equivalent 
to ‘two’ or ‘a couple of’ with plural sb. 

aL Cursor M. 1528 (Cott.) Lameth..bigam was wit 
dubul vijfe. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 125 Janus with double 
face. c1400 MaunpeEv. (Roxb.) xiv. 60 It es wele walled 
aboute with a dowble wall. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. 
(1568) II. 830 To have a double string for his Bowe. 1590 
Suaxs. Mids. N. u1. ii. 209 Like to a double cherry. .Two 
louely berries molded on one stem. 1697 Drypen Virg. 

; mt. 50 A double Wreath shall crown our Czsar’s 
Brows; Two differing Trophies, from two different Foes. 
1gir Sreere Sfect. No. 140 P 5 Is Dimpple spelt with a 
single or double P? 1803 Worpsw. Yarrow Unvisited vi, 
Let..The swan on still St. Mary’s Lake Float double, swan 
and shadow! 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales I. 85 Boots 
..of double leather. 1838 Dickens Nich, Nick. iii, Nickleby 

ave a double knock. 1871 Rosy Lat. Gram. 1. v. 22 After 
Bows and Cezsar's time the double i had a different 
meaning. 

b. Folded, doubled; bent, ‘ doubled up’, stoop- 
ing much forward. 

e450 Bk. Curtasye 659 in Babees Bk. 321 Po ouer nape 
schalle dowbulle be layde. 1494 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 23 
Neither .. should be laid double in packing. 1719 De For 
Crusoe u. xii, I struck my double fist against the side. 
¢1881 Ord. St. Fohn, Ambulance Dept., Ou triangular 
bandage, Place a piece of lint double over the wound. JZod. 
He was bent double with pain. 

ce. Having some essential part double, as a two- 
edged ax, a carriage with two seats, an eagle 
figured with two heads, ete. Also applied to a 
horse that carries two persons (see Horse). 

1469 Househ. Ord. 99 Of double horses xxxviii Of 
hackneyss xij. 1, Nase Pasguil'’s Afol. 1. Cij, 
Mounted vppon their dubble Geldings, with theyr Wiues 
behinde them. a@1700 DrypEen Ovia’s A/et. 1x. (R.), The 
lance and double ax of the fair warrior queen. 1791 in 
Mad. D’Arblay Diary Aug., My daughter and I rode 
a double horse. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 218/2 The 
double-fly was ordered to be at the door .. at nine o'clock. 
1830 Vesper Bk. (Burns & Oates) Pref. 12 The Office. .is 
said to be Double when the Antiphon is sung entire both 
before and after each Psalm. 1861 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) 
I. 45 The Imperial double eagle. .in all its ugliness. 

d. Of flowers: Having the number of petals in- 
creased to twice the number or more by conversion 
of stamens and carpels into petals. 

In the case of some Comfositz, as the dahlia: Having 
the ligulate florets increased at the expense of the tubular. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens u. x. 159 By often setting they 
[Campions] waxe very double. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. 
(1729) 198 Single and double Hepatica. 1725 BRapLey 
fam. Dict. s.v. Rose Tree, The Striped Rose does not 
grow so double as the Dutch. 1776 Witnerinc Brit. 
Plants (1796) II. 489 Petals in several rows, resembling 
a double flower. 1840 Hoop Miss Kilmansegg, Her 
Honeymoon ix, A double dahlia delights the eye. 

e. Double of: corresponding or correlative to. 
vare. (Cf. DouBLE sd. 2.) 

(16xx Brste ZEcclus. xlii. 24 All things are double one 
against another.] 1876 Moztry Univ. Sermt. ix. (1877) 186 
There could not be a more striking instance of things being 
double one of another. 

2. Having a twofold relation or application ; 
occurring or existing in two ways or respects; of 
two kinds; dual; sometimes = ambiguous (see 
also DOUBLE MEANING). 

a1225 Ancr. R. 70 Euerich urideie .. holded silence, bute 
3ifhit beo duble feste. a@1300 Cursor M. 660 (Cott.) O duble 
ded pan sal 3ee dei. c1374 CHaucer 7roylus v. 898 With 
dowble wordes sleye, Swich as men clepe ‘a word with two 
visages’. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 274 He hath ordeined of 
his sleight Measure double and double weight. 1548 Hatt 
Chron., Hen. VI (an. 36) 172 Fye on doble entendement, 
and cloked adulacion. 1567 Martet Gr. Forest 10 This 
Arsenicum is double, one ashie colour, and the other .. like 
Golde. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (ed. 2) 8 The word 
pmdov, admitting a double construction, sheep and apple. 
175t Jortin Serm, (1771) V. ii. 43 A double incitement to 
goodness, 1837 Marryat Dog-fiend lii, He..is a double 
traitor, 1868 kyer Elem. Astron. iv. § 26 (1879) 143 
The Earth, .has a double movement, turning round its own 
axis while it travels round the Sun. 

3. Twice as much or many ; of twice the measure 
or amount; multiplied by two. Const. of (formerly 
over, to); also e/zpt. with prep. omitted, and thus 
= twice. 

c1305 Pilate 21 in E. E. P. (1862) 111 He po3te if he hit 
slowe: bat hit were doble wo. 1 Barsour Bruce 1.5 
Than suld storyss that suthfast wer... Hawe doubill plesance 
in heryng. 1484 Caxton Fadles of Avian 17 The dowble 
parte oras moche more ageyne. 1513 More Rich. /// (1883) 
12 Riad ong his armie was double to all this. 1548 Hatt 
Chron., Hen. VI (an. 2 186b, He..should have .. doble 
wages. 161x Biste 2 Aings ii.g Let a double portion of 
thy spirit be vpon me. 1644 Dicsy Wat. Bodies 11. (1645) 
126 Let the excesse..be but. .double over his that commet 
next untohim. 1648 Cromwe.t Left. 20 Nov., Their fault 
who have appeared in this summer's business is certainly 
double to theirs who were in the first. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 5 
We had now above double the number of Officers usual in 
Privateers. 1807 Sourney Left. (1856) II. 38 Offering about 
double pay to what the ‘ Annual’ gives. 1838 De Morcan 
Ess. Probab. 147 The average error of the first..is double 
of that of the second. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 592 
His army .. might easily have been increased to double the 
number. 

4. Of (or about) twice the ordinary size, strength, 
value, etc., or that denoted by the simple word ; 


611 


of extra size, strength, or amount. Chiefly in tech- 
nical names of various products, as beer, vessels, 
cannon, coins, sizes of paper, etc. 

1478 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) 111. 246 Clavis vocatis dowbil- 
spikynge. 1495 Nottingham Rec. 11. 284, ij. dovbulle 
glasses. cx1g00 Blowdol’s Test. in Halliwell Nugze Poet. 
10 Sengle bere, and othir that is dowbile. c1565 Linpesay 
(Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 108 Small artillery, that is 
to say myand..quarter-falcon. .double-dogs. 1602 Marston 
Ant, §& Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 11 Guerdoned with twentie 
thousand double pistolets. 1604 SuHaxs. Oth. 1. ii, 14 
A voice potentiall, As double as the Duke’s. 1667 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 218/4 A double shallop from Diepe bound for Nants. 
1686 /id. No. 2139/4 Two double Tankards, Three single 
ones. 1773 Wittiamson in PAil. Trans. LXV. 100 Within 
the thickness of double-post paper. 1824 Byron Yuan xvi. 
Ixvii, A mighty mug of. .double ale. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 
III. 497 Foolscap, 163 by 134 [inches] .. double foolscap, 27 
by 17. 1887 Standard 18 May 3/2 A new coin, to be called 
a Double-Florin. 

b. Aus. In names of musical instruments, 
organ-stops, etc.: Sounding an octave lower in 
pitch. 

(A pipe, string, etc. of twice the length of another (ceteris 
paribus) gives a note an octave lower; hence this use.) 

1674 PLayrorp Skil? Mus. 1. i. 3 ‘Those below Gam-ut are 
called Double Notes as Double F fa ut..being Eights or 
Diapasons to those above. 1880 W. H. Srone in Grove 
Dict. Mus. 1. 458 Double bassoon. .in pitch an octave below 
the ordinary bassoon. 1880 Strainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. 
Terms, Double-trumpet, an organ reed-stop..an octave 
lower in pitch than the 8-ft. trumpet. 

e. Az. Applied to a pace in marching. 

Double time: formerly, a pace of 150 steps in the minute, 
i.e. twice the number of those in slow time. According to 
the regulations at present (1896) in force in the British Army 
it consists of 165 steps of 33 inches (=4533 ft.) to the minute. 
In the U.S, Army (according to Funk & Wagnall) double 
time has recently superseded doudble-guick (q.v.) and is fixed 
at 180 steps of 36 inches a minute. 

1833 Regul. /ustr. Cavalry 1.21 The Double March. .is 
150 steps in the minute, each of 36 inches. 1851 J. S. 
Macautay Field Fortif. 168 They are immediately to 
return at a double pace. 1853 Stocqueter Milit. Encycl. 
s.v. Pace, In quick time, 108 paces..are taken in a minute 
.-in slow time, seventy-five. .In double time, 150. 

5. Acting in a double manner, i.e. in two ways 
at different times, openly and secretly, or in pro- 
fession and practice; characterized by duplicity ; 
false, deceitful. (See also DOUBLE-DEALING.) 

ar Hampo te Psalter xi. 2 Dubbil hert when a fals man 
thynkis an & says a nober. ¢1374 Cuaucer Anel. & Arc. 
87 He was double in love and forking pleyne. 14.. Epiph. 
in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 121 With dowbull tongis and 
detraccion. 1303 Hawes Examp. Wirt. 1. xvi. (Arb.) 9 
They .. are... euermore fals and double. 1591 SyLVESTER 
Du Bartas 1. vii. 19% God is the Judge..He sounds the 
deepest of the doublest heart. @1715 Burnet Own Time 
(1766) I. 436 He was. .either very double or very inconstant. 
1866 Gro. Exior F. Holt II. 213 To act with doubleness 
towards a man whose own conduct was double. 

6. Special Phrases, chiefly technical. 

Double action: action in two directions, by two methods, 
or by the agency of two parts, etc.; sfec. in Steamt-engine, 
application of the steam power to both sides of the piston : 
see Douse-actinc. Double algebra: algebra which deals 
with two sets of quantities or relations (e.g. real and ima- 
ginary quantities, lengths and directions of lines, or quanti- 
ties referred to two independent units). Double change 
(Bell-ringing): one in which two pairs of bells change 
places; = Douste sd. 2b. Double common time (Music): 
time or rhythm in which each bar is equal to two bars of 
common time (8 crotchets in a bar). Dowdle cone (Arch.): 
applied to a moulding composed of truncated cones joined 
base to base and toptotop. Double consonant (Phonology): 
two of the same consonant coming together, as in /wdy ; also 
=double letter (a) below. Double demisemiguaver: a note 
of half the duration of a demisemiquaver ; properly called 
semidemisemiguaver (Stainer & Barrett, 1880). Double 
Jirst (University colloqg.): a place in the first class in each of 
two final examinations in different subjects ; one who takes 
such a place: see First A. 7c. Double floor: see quot. 
Double land (Naut.): see quot. 1867. Double letter: (a)a 
letter of the alphabet denoting two sounds, as x ( = 4s), 
Ww (= 1a); (4) in Printing, two letters combined in one type, 
as ff, fi; tic) a letter written on two sheets and charged 
double postage (ods.)._ + Double organ: an organ with two 
manuals (ods.). Double point: in the Higher Geometry, a 
point common to two branches of a curve, or at which the 
curve has two tangents (real or imaginary); a node, cusp, 
or conjugate point; also an analogous point on a curved 
surface. Double sixes: (a) two sixes thrown at once with 
a pair of dice; (4) the ordinary game at dominoes, in which 
the highest piece is the double six; (c) a size of tallow 
candles. Double snife: sportsman’s name for the greater 
snipe, Gallinago major. Double spar: a name for Iceland 
spar, as béing double-refracting. Double star (Astron.: 
two stars so near (really or visually) as not to be separately 
visible without a telescope; esp. when forming a physically 
connected system (distinctively called Binary). Doxdde- 
stopping (Music): the simultaneous sounding of two notes 
(strictly, of two ‘stopped’ notes) on two strings of a violin or 
other instrument of that class; notes so played are called 
double-stops. Double tens (p\.): name for a large kind of 
nail. To work double tides: see Tie. Double time: see 
4c. Double U: name of the letter W. 

P Also in many other phrases, as double bar, d. curvature, 
d. entry, d. Gloucester, a. question, d. refraction, d. shuffle, 
d. tooth, etc., etc., for which see the substantive element. 

—— De Morcan Double Algebra v. 117 All the symbols 
which in single algebra denote numbers or magnitudes, in 
double *algebra denote lines, and not merely the lengths of 
lines, but their directions. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 91 
Make a Change. .The single, by changing two Notes. he 
double by changing Four .. which is however called One 
double *Change, and not two changes. 1872 ELLACcOoMBE 
Ch, Bells Devon iii. 39 About the year 1657, double changes 


DOUBLE. 


came into practice. 1894 77Zmzes 6 Mar. 4/3 The time of the 
piece is double *common time, but here and there a bar of 
three semibreves is put in. 1871 Pudlic Sch. Lat. Gram. 
§ 9 Double Consonants, x, 2. 1861 TRoLLopEe Barchester 7. 
xlvii, A son from college with all the fresh honours of a 
double *first. 1868 Hotme Lee B. Godfrey xxx. 158, I shall 
come out a double-first. 1842-76 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. 
§ 2019 A double *floor consists in its thickness of three tiers 
of timbers, which are called dinding joists (these perform 
the office of girders), bridging joists, and ceiling joists. 1712 
W. Rocers Voy. 275 The largest Island. .appears to be high 
double *Land. 1867 Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk., Double- 
tand, that appearance of a coast when the sea-line is 
bounded by parallel ranges of hills, rising inland one above 
theother. 1576 FLeminc Panofpl. E pist. 303 note, Simonides 
. devised also these double * letters in the Greeke Alphabete 
(namely &. W. 6). 1753 Scots A/ag. July 328/2 The rates of 


double letters, are always double; of treble letters, treble. 
1777 SHERIDAN Sch, Scand. v. ii, The postman who was 
1613 Organ 


just coming to the door with a double letter. 


Harpy & Ware Alod. Hoyle gt The ordinary game— 
technically termed ‘double *sixes’—is played with 28 
1870 Lond. Soc. Sept. 264 A small order for 

ixes, or Souchong. ats Hoop A/iss 
A dou 


dominoes. 
colza, or double sixe: 
Kilmansege, Her Honeymoon xi, 


ole barrel and 


ii 
two ways, optically and physical 
stars must be really physicz 1880 P. Davip 
in Grove Dict. A/us. 1. 459 ‘The term ‘double *stopping’.. 
is. indiscriminately used for any double sounds, whether 
produced with or without the aid of the open strings. ‘The 
playing of double *stops is one of the most difficult parts of 
the technique of the violin. r61r A/S. Ace. St. Fohn's 
Hosp., Canterd., For haulfe a honndred of dubell *tennes, 
xd. 1717 Tasor in PAM. Trans. XXX. 559 Large Iron 
Nails..not quite so long, as those we call double ‘Tenns. 
1599 Tuynne Antmadv. (1875) 65 The latyne, Italiane, 
frenche, and spanyshe haue no doble *W. 1840 Hoop J//s: 
Kilmansegg, Her Honeymoon x, A double U [i.e. W 
West] wind. 1885 J. Payn YZalk of Town II. 
Doubleyous and esses. 

B. aav. 

1. To twice the amount or extent; in two ways 
or respects; twice, twice over, DouBLy. 

13.. Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 61 Pat day doubble on pe dece 
watz pe douth serued. 1382 Wyciir J/att, xxiii. 15 je 
maken hym a sone of helle, double more than 30u. ¢1460 
Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. ix, (1885) 128 Vndir a prince 
double so myghty as was thair old prince. 1540 Act 32 
Hen. VIIT, c.22§ 3 Many prebendes..bene double certified 
by y° sayd commissioners. 1567 J. Sanrorp tr. /pictetus 
14a, Thou shalte be double as much mocked and scorned. 
r6or SHaks. Ad/’s Well u. iii. 254 Ile beate him..and he 
were double and double a Lord. 1712 Sfect. No. 527 P 2 

ealous ears always hear double, 1820 Keats Lamia 611 
Bright eyes were double bright. 

b. phr. Zo see double: to see two images of 
one object, by an illusion or aberration of vision. 

[x628 Earte Microcosm., Self-conceited Man (Arb.) 32 
His eyes, like a drunkard’s, see all double.] 1651 Honsrs 
Leviath. wt. xxxix. 248* Words brought into the world, to 
make men see double. 1734 Pore ss. A/an iw. 6 Oh 
Happiness. .O’er-look’d, seen double, by the fool, and wise. 
1840 Marryat Poor Fack xxvii, It didn't prove a glass too 
much, or you'd have seen double. 

c. In a pair or couple; two together, two at 
once; as in Zo ride double, i.e. two on one horse. 
So of a horse, etc., 0 carry double. 

1s99 Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 79 As this host of 
feather-mongers were getting up to ride double. @1613 
Oversury A We (1638) 94 He never drinks but double, 
for he must be pledg’d. 1678 Butter //ud. i. i. 569 
Marriage is but a Beast, some say, That carries double in 
foul way. 1777 SHERIDAN Sch. Scand. u1. i, Content to ride 
double, behind the butler. 1819 Byron ¥uax 1. cxl, To 
prove her mistress had been sleeping double. 

d. Mi. In double time, ‘at the double’. 

1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 21 On the word Double 
March, the whole step off together. : 

+2. After a numeral, simply expressing multi- 
plication: =(so many) times ; -fold. (Sometimes 
pleonastic, as sevenfold double =sevenfold.) Obs. 

1325 Prose Psalter \xxviiili). 13 3elde to our ne3burs 
seven double in her bosme, her lackinge. a1450 Kut. dela 
Tour (1868) 113 He wolde yelde it ayenne an hundred 
double. 1548 Upatt Erasm. Par. Luke viii, 89 It.. brought 
fruicte an hundred-fold double, 1698 J. Fryer Z. /ndia 
and Persia 99 Cover them..with a kind of Felt..two or 
three double. : 

8. With duplicity, deceitfully. are. 

rsg2 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. iv. 179 If you should deale 
double with her. 1868 Gro. Exior Sp. Gipsy iv. 291 
‘Thought played him double. 

4. Double or qguit(s (Gambling): an expression 
implying that the stake already due is either to 
become double, or to be cancelled, according to 
the issue of another chance ; hence /g. of a bold or 
desperate attempt to extricate oneself from present 
evils at the risk of greatly increasing them. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia m1. Wks. (1613) 242, I thought to play 
double or quit. 1626 T. H[awkins] Caussin’s Holy Crt. 
406 Alexandra .. resolued to play at double or quit, reake 
the guiues of specious seruitude, or yield her necke to 
Herod’s sword. 1798 Geraldina III. 205 He then offered 
to play double or quits. 1800 Mar. Epcewortn Belinda 
vii, ‘I dare you to another trial—double or quit.’ 1894 Lp. 
Wousetey Life Marlborough M1. xxviii. 316 ms was no 

7*-2 


DOUBLE. 


gambler at the game of life, and whether winning or losing 
he never wagered double or quits. 
C. Double- in combination. 
There is practically no limit to the number of combinations 
with doudle- in aay of the four groups below, the use of the 
hyphen in all of them being syntactical rather than lexical, 


612 


G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. ix. The table. .has fixed 
at its bottom a small *double-blast ws. 3874 Knicut 
Dict. Mech., *Double-cylinder Press .. Double-cylinder 

team-engine. 1807 VANCOUVER 


Agric. Devon (1813) 118 The * le-furrow gh .. will 
plough two acres and a half per day. . Kirk Secr, 


i.e. it shows that the two words which it are 
in this particular cet more closely petnwr at ~~ 
would be supposed if they were written separately: thus 
the two sts f double deck, used attrib., are written doudle- 
deck, and give the parasynthetic deriv. double-decked; 


hence arise such verbs as to double-bar, and pples. of 
the type dondble-barred, which again blend with the 
parasynthetic forms: cf. doudble-hinged with double-barred, 


1. Double adj. in parasynthetic combs., e.g. 
double-barred (having a double bar, or two bars), 
-batlalioned, -bedstet, -bladed, -blossomed, -bodied, 
-bottomed, -bunched, -chinned, -decked, -doored, 
-ended, -eyed, -flowered, -formed, -founted, -horned, 
-heeled, -lunged, -mouthed, -natured, -nostrilled, 
-piled, -pointed, -sensed, -sexed, -shaped, -sighted, 
-soled, -visaged, -weaponed, -windowed, -winged, 
etc.; double-brooded, producing two broods 
in the year or season, as some insects; double- 
buttoned, having two rows of buttons ( = 
IOUBLE-BREASTED); double-footed, + (a) two- 
footed (0)s.) ; (6) =dzplopod (see D1PLo-) ; double- 
fronted, having two fronts, double-faced ; double- 
leaded, (printed matter) in which the lines of type 
are widely separated by means of double leads ; 
double-lived, having two lives or manners of 
life; *-amphibious. Hence nouns of quality, as 
double-livedness, -stdedness, etc. See also DouBLE- 
BARRELLED, -BREASTED, etc, 

1767 Byron's Voy. round World 8 Nuns..conversing 
with strangers through a “double barred grate. 1631 
Weever Anc. Fun, Mon. 220 Vnto *double Beneficed men, 
and Non-residents he was very strict. 1 HuLoet, 
*Double bodied, dicolr]pus. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech, 
Double-bodied Microscope, a microscope invented by Nachet, 
to enable several observers to view the same object 
simultaneously. 1664 Evetyn Diary 24 Feb., We went on 
board Sir William Petty’s *d uble-bottomed vessel. a 1618 
Syivester Waiden’s Blush 492 Upon his Camel's *double- 
bunched back. xr701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3691/4 A lightish 
Drabdeberry Coat *double Buttoned. 1387 ‘[Rrevisa Higden 
(Rolls) I. 299 (Matz.) Men..haueb bocches vnder be chyn 
iswolle and ibolled, as bey he were *doublechynned. a 1618 
Syivester Wood-Mans Bear xiiv, Vhat faire *double-doored 
port. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech.,* Double-ended Bolt, a bolt 
having ascrew-thread oneachend. 1579 Spenser Sheph.Cal. 
May 254 Deceitfull meaning is "double eyed. 1 ULOET, 
*Double-foted, Apes. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1.741 What thing 
thou art, thus *double-form'd. /6/d. xu. 144 The *double- 
founted stream Jordan. 1697 DryvpEn Ai nerd xi. 209 (Jod.) 
*Double-fronted Janus. 1552 Huvoet, *Double horned, 4/- 
cornium, 1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst, Author's Pref., 
Their doublehorned argument. 1752 Sir J. Hitt Hist. 
Anim. 567 (Jod.) The doublehorned rhinoceros. 1858 Bright 
Sp. For. Policy 29 Oct., They write it down in *double- 
leaded columns. 1600 SurFLET Countrie Farme 504 Such 
as auncient Writers haue called *double-lived beasts, that 
is to say, such as liue either in or out of the water, a18ar 
Kears Ode ‘ Bards of Passion & of Mirth', Bards .. 
Double-lived in regions new! 1647 H. More Song of Soul 
Notes 160/1 Dizoia..*Double-livednesse. 1671 MuILTON 
Samson 971 Fame if not double-faced is *double-mouthed. 
1742 YounG Night Thoughts vit. 1273 Two Kinds of Life 
has *double-natur'd Man. 1§89 R. Harvey Pd. Perc. (1590) 
12 In your *double pild veluet. 1833 J. Rennie AdpA, 
Angling 6) A *double-pointed spear. 1598 Sy_vester Du 
Bartas iu. ii. ww. Columnes 130 The Criticall and *double- 
sexed Seven..Which Three and Foure conteineth joyntly 
both. 1873 E. H. Crarke Sex in Educ. 149 Double-sexed 
schools. 1565 GotpInc Ovid's Met. 1. (1593) 91 Their 
*double-shaped sonne. 1852 Str H. Hotranp Ess., Mod. 
Chem. 446 None, however, but a chemist can understand.. 
the *doublesidedness of all the objects and relations involved 
inthem. 1482 Wardr. Acc. in Antig. ap (1807) I. 62, vij 
pair of shoon..*double soled. 1640-1 Airkcudbr, War- 
Comm. Min, Bk. (1855) 149 Barnes’ schoes, double-solled. 
1575-85 Aur. Sanpys Serst. (1841) 389 That triple-crowned 
beast, that *double-sworded tyrant. ar Nortu Lives 
I. 178 A *double-visaged ministry, half-papist and half- 
fanatic. 1552 HuLoet, *Dowble wynged, dipennis, 

2. Double adj. in combination with sbs., forming 
a. adjectives or attributive phrases, in same 
sense as the parasynthetic compounds, as doud/e- 
action, -blast, -cylinder, -furrow, -roller, -shift, etc. ; 
double-beat valve, (a) a valve in a pump con- 
structed to afford two openings for the water; (4) 
a device in a steam-engine consisting of two con- 
nected conical valves between which steam is 
admitted so as to equalize the upward and down- 
ward pressure; also called double-seat valve. Db. 
substantives arising out of the absolute or elliptical 
use of those preceding, as DoUBLE-BARREL, -FACE, 
-HEAD, -LEAF, etc. @, substantives, as double- 
man, = DousBLE sé, 2c; double-ripper, -runner 
(U.S.), two sleds connected by a plank, used by 
boys for coasting down-hill; double-trouble 
(U.S.), a step of a rustic dance derived from the 
plantation negroes (Cent. Dict.). 

1852 Serpe Organ 36 *Double or triple-action bellows. 
1856 Mas. C. Crarke tr, Berlioz’ Instrument. 62 M. Erard 
invented ., that mechanism which has given to instruments 
so constructed the name of double-action harps. 1874 
Knicut Dict, Mech. s.v., The *double-beat valve is exten- 
sively used in England for deep wells and for high lifts. 1832 


have told me they have seen. 


of some Man in two places. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & 
Clockm. 145 A *double roller escapement. 1883 Harfer’s 
Mag. Dec. 146/2 A large two-handed boy’s sled—not what 


you call a *double-runner. Manch,. Exam. 22 Feb. 

2 Mines.. worked on the *double-shift system. 189 

abour Commission Gloss. s.v. Shift. The double or 
night shift system is that of working : ee ight and 
day, with two sets of hewers. 1 REENER Gunnery 
420 *Double-trigger revolving = 1807-8 W. Irvinc 
Salmag. (1824) 79 No Long-Island negro could shufile 
you ‘*double-trouble’..more scientifically. 

3. Verbs formed from doudle adv. in comb. with 
verbs (or from double adj. with sbs.), as double-arm, 
-bar (to bar doubly, to secure with double bars), 
-bolt, -charge, -damn, -darken, -dtke, -ditch, -gild, 
-hatch, -load, -man, -moat, -quickset, -rack, -refine, 
-shade, -trench, -vantage, etc. See also DouBLE- 
BANK, -BITT, etc. 

1602 How Choose a Good Wife v. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 
8; My uncles *double-bar their doors against me. a x166r 
Futrer Worthies (1840) Il. 272 He was double barred: 
first because an honest man. .secondly because an English- 
man, 1748 Ricnarpson C/lartssa (1811) 1V. 54 She double- 
locked and *double-bolted herself in. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. 
Zl, v. iii. 129 Pistol, I will *double charge thee with 
Dignities. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 24 Fired my Piece.. 
being double charg’d. 1624 MippLeton Game at Chess 1. 
ii, ‘hat would *double-damn him. 1656 Trapp Comm. 
JA/att. ii, 22 If Turks and Tartars shall be damned, 
debauched Christians shall be double-damned. 18.. LoweLi 
To G. W. Curtis (Cent.) Such natures *double-darken 
gloomy skies. 14 Matory Arthur vu. xv, *Double 
dyked with ful warly wallis. cxgxo Little Geste of Robin 
Hood in Arb. Garner V1. 453 *Double ditched it was about. 
1566 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford ye A cup of 
silver, *double-gilt. 2597 SHaxs. 2 Hen. /V, 1. v. 129 
England shall double gild his trebble guilt. 1704 Swirt 
Batt, Bks. Misc. (1711) 244 The Clasps were of Silver double- 
gilt. 16 
*double-hatched rapier. 1650 FULLER Pisgah 1. xv. 47 
Places which have both flags and Asterisks .. are as I may 
say doublehatcht with uncertainty. 1627 Carr. SMITH 
Seaman's Gram, xii. 56 If they be *double-manned, that is, 
to haue twise so many men as would saile her. 1859 F. A. 
Grirritus Artil. Man. (1862) 127 The [ropes] are double 
manned. r G. Hersert 7emple, Brit. Ch. x, To *double- 
moat thee with his grace. 1§23 Fitzners. //usb. § 127 
*Double quyke-set it, and dyche it. a16x8 Sytvester 
Spectacles xvii, *Double-racked with two divers Tortures. 
1671 Mitton /. R. 1. 500 Now began Night. .to *double- 
shade The Desert. 1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon. 655 The 
Mannor house hath beene *double trenched. 1768 STERNE 
Sent. Fourn. (1778) Il. 25 The cage..was twisted and 
*double-twisted so fast with wire. cxr600 SHaxs. Sonn, 
Ixxxviii, Doing thee vantage, *double-vantage me. 

4. Double adv. in comb.: a. with pa. pples. 
or ppl. adjs., as double-distilled, -lanted, -loaded, 
loathed, -refined, -stitched, -stored, &c.; double- 
cut, of a file=Cross-curT a. 2; double-hung 
(see quot.) ; double-ironed, loaded with irons or 
fetters on both legs; double-milled, of cloth, 
milled or fulled twice to make it closer and 
thicker; double-struck, of a coin or medal, 
showing a double impression owing to having 
been accidentally shifted while being struck ; 
double-sunk, double-worked (see quots.). b. 
with pres. pples. or ppl. adjs, as doudle-biting, 
-clasping, ~flowering, -refractiny, -secing, -shining, 
etc. ©. with adjectives, as double-concave, -convex, 
-dark, -double, -fatal, fitché, -treble, etc. A. with 
agent-nouns, as double-breather, an animal that 
breathes through two nostrils; double-goer = 
DOovuBLE-GANGER. 

1700 Drypen Palamon §& A. 1. 480 His “double-biting 
axe, and beamy spear. 1725 Porn Odyss. xix. 264 On his 
breast, The *double-clasping gold the King confest. 1874 
Knicut Dict, Mech., *Double-concave Lens, a lens both o 


whose faces are concave, 1693 E. Hauiey in PAil. Trans. 


XVII. 965 If the Lens be ble-Convex, 1865 TyLor 
Early Hist. Man. viii. 199 A double-convex cross section. 
1633 G. Hernert 7emple, Sacrifice xxxv, As Moses face 


was vailed, so is mine, Lest on their *double-dark souls 
either shine. x Lond. Gaz, No. 4132/3 “Double Dis- 
till'd Spanish Brandy. 184§ Disrartt Sydil (1863) 280 
Which made him hate Egremont with double-distill'd 
virulence. @1618 Sytvester Jobacco Battered 749 In 
nappy Ale, and *double-double-Beer. 1782 Herscuet in 
Phil. Trans. UXXII. 112 Not only double-stars, but .. 
double-double. 1869 Dunkin Midn. Sky 160 Epsilon Lyrae 
is..a double-double star. Suaks. Rich. 7/, 11. ii. 117 
Their Bowes Of *double fatall Eugh. 1 x CHAMBERS 
Cyct. s.v., A cross is denominated *double fiché, when the 
extremities are pointed at each angle; that is, when each 
extremity has two points. 1883 //arfer’s Mag. Apr. 726/1 
The pure white blossoms of a *double-flowering cherry. 
1824 Blackw. Mag. XVI. 57 The horrible notion of the 
*double-goer, 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract, Build. 584/2 


Suirtey Bird in Cage ui. iii, That superfluous | 


DOUBLE. 


is se refined, here and ree ——. 
ae. 1818 foane ‘Bug. Poort 1870) 97 


ined 
A double-refined essence of wit. 1873 TynpaLt 
Light iii, 120 The *double refracti — ae 
cadia (1622) 92 To see the sports of * pains | 
De For Voy. round World (1840) 68 We were over-1 
and *double-stored. F, J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 
ial. .[is) a dial with recesses for the 
hour hand and seconds hand. 178 Herscurt in PAié. 
Trans. LX X11. 124 ¢ Orionis..A *double-treble star, or two 
sets of treble stars. 18.. P. Barry Fruit Garden 100 
(Cent.) When we or bud a tree already budded or 
grafted, we call it *double-worked. 

Double (dv-b'l), s4. Forms: see prec. 
branch I, ellipt. use of DovuBLE a@.; in branch II, 
noun of action from DouBe v.] 

I. 1. A double quantity; twice as much or 
many ; a number or magnitude multiplied by two. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4 (Gott.) Dauid him pe doubil 
broght. 1393 Gower Con/. I. 170 He saith that other have 
shall The double of that his felawe axeth. c1430 Art o 
Nombryng (E. E. T.S.) 7 If thow truly double the 
and truly half the doubles. c1goo Vhree Kings’ Sons 
(E. E. T. S.) 76 There were moo slayn of them by double 
than they were that assailed them. 1611 Biste /sa. Ixi. 7 
In their land they shal sse the double. 1726 tr. 
Gregory's Astron. 1. 350 The Arcs G L, LH.. ivel 
the doubles of AE, fb. 1875 Jowetr Plato ted 2) 
485 Ten, which is the double of five. oy 

2. A thing that is an exact repetition of another. 
+a. A duplicate, copy, transcript (of a writing). 
Obs. (chiefly Sc.) 

1543 Sc. Acts Mary (181 36 (Jam.) The auctentik 
dowble of thir our oy et lettrez of summondis. 
1628 Sir R. Boye Diary in Lismore Papers (1886) II. 2 
My laste will and testament, with a dowble therof, bot 
a dg 1752 J. Loutnian Form of Process (ed. 2) 60 Of 
which Warrant, the Messenger. .is..ordained to give a just 
Double. .to the Prisoner himself. 

b. A counterpart ; an image, or exact copy (of 
a thing or person). c. sfec. The apparition of a 
living person ; a wraith, fetch. 

a reraldina 11, 189 Lady Withers, who is this Lady's 
double, and attends her constantly. 1818 Topp, Doudle.. 
4. In modern times, used for resemblance; as, his or her 
double, meaning another person extremely like the party. 
1826 Disraeti Viv. Grey iu. v, I ange | that in this mys- 
terious..woman, I have met a kind of double of myself. 
1827 Hone Every-Day Bk. 11. 1012 The fetch or double of 
the Gottingen student. 1871 Procror Light Sc. ht Bigs 
appearance of a double or ‘fetch’ has ever been +.to 
signify approaching death, - 

+d. ~/. Two of the same kind; twins. Ods. 

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) v. x. 100 Gemini that ben 
cleped twynnes or doubles, 

3. Technical senses. 

ta. A step in dancing (ods. 
‘change’ in which two pairs 
Double-headed shot, consistin, 
Bar-suot). G. Name ofa small size of roofing slates. @. 
Name of a size of sheet-iron. f. A kind of basket for fish : 
see quot. g. f/. A kind of thick narrow black ribbons for 
shoe-strings. (Caulfeild and Saward Dict. Needlework (1882) 
156/2.) h. i ge An accidental duplication of a word 
or e. i, A/i/, A double pace: see BLE @. 4¢. 
j. Waist. A game (at short whist) in which one side scores 
five before the other has scored three; (at long whist) in which 
one side makes ten and the other none; the stake in such 
case — k. Dominoes. A piece bearing the 
same number of pips on each half. 1. Lawn Tennis. A 
game played by two players on each side ; also two faults in 
succession. Mm. An actor or singer who takes two parts in 
the same piece, as in case of al of anot performer. 
n. In many elliptical uses : e. g.=doudble bed, feast, flower, 
game, letter, line, star, in which the sense is supplied by 
the context. » ? a 

&@. 1531 Etyot Gov. 1. xxv, A double in daunsinge is 
om —_— ae A R. ws School 

vecreat. 93 Anot' ay inging Twenty Four Changes, 
Doubles and Singles oa Four bells 1880 in Grove Dict, 
Mus, 1. 460. @. 1707 Lond. Gas. No. 4380/2 We = 
him..our Broadside with Double and Round. 1726 Adv. 
cats R. Boyle 167 Firing our double and round, which 
‘kill'd "em above fifty men. P. Nicnoison Pract, 
Build. 396 The Doubles are so called from their small size. 
1876 Gwitt ELncycl. Archit. § 2211, Table of the Names 


b. Bell-ringing. A 
bells change places c. 
of two joined (cf. 


and usual Sizes of Slates. Doubles, 13X10 [inches]. Ditto, 
13X7.  @. Daily News 20 June 2/6 Iron ts are 
6 10, for superior merchant doubles. .galvanising doubles 


ma‘ ede tiet Sa f. 1859 Sata Tw. round Clock (1861 
16 The ‘doubles’ of plaice, soles, haddock..A ‘double 
is an oblong basket ing to the b n, and 
from three to four dozen of fish.  §. 1858 Simmonps 
Dict. Trade 131/1 Galloon and double, a kind of silk 
material for shoe ties and a, h. 1706 Prius (ed. 
Kersey), Double (a Term in Printing) the mistake of 
a Compositor, that sets the same thing twice. 1784 FRANK- 
Lin in Ann. Reg. Chron. (1817) 389 The outs, and doubles 
+-are not easy to be corrected. “i, 1860 Russet Diary 
in /ndia 11. 329 (Hoppe) The men cheering, broke out into 
a double, and at last into a regular race. 1869 E. A. PARKES 
Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 393 ‘The ‘ double’ is never continued 
very long; it is stopped at the option of the commanding 
officer. j. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xxv, That 's two doubles 
and the rub. Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 30 (Whist). 
k. 1870 Harpy & Ware AMod. Hoyle 92 ( The 
holding the highest double has the ‘ pose ' or ‘down’. 
sf 1894 Times 29 May 11 he 


*Double-hung sashes. .those of which the wi 
two, and each moveable by means of weights and lines. 1812 
Examiner 23 Nov. 752/2 He has been *double ironed and 
handcuffed. 1630 7inker of Turvey Ep. Ded., I have drunke 
*double-lanted Ale, and single-lanted. ‘Tourneur Rev. 
Trag. 1. ii, Wks. 1878 Il. 18 Her *double-loathed Lord. 
1838 CartyLe Sart, Res. 1. ix. Girt with thick *double- 

illed kerseys, 1631 Weever Anc. Kun, Mon, 104 Religion 


Pp +. Was played. . Th 
toda: ne a ste E. Foour is Grove Sauna © se 
iil under-st a @ voca 
see Se yt ta 
MER 5 ..an actor playin O 
inthe poaser piece. . n. 6 fa Pinoph Epis 400 
ling. .a gg oa 


Brawling and wran, a 
nant, about a liqui about a double, 


oa a ee 


DOUBLE. 


(Burns & Oates) Pref. 12 Doubles and semi-doubles have 
First and Second Vespers. 1873 Bennetr & CavenpIsH 
Billiards 107 Doubles are seldom played for at Billiards. 
1878 Newcoms Pof. Astron. w. i. 436 Those [stars] which 
are catalogued as doubles. 1883 Padd Mall G. 15 Oct. 1/2 
‘The doubles are charged. .8¢. a night, or x aweek. 1883 
Sutton Cult, Veget. §& Flowers 1892) 271 Frost will not hurt 
the single varieties, but the doubles will not..endure..a 
severe winter. 1885 Cath. Dict. (ed. 3) s. v. Feast, Feasts are 
divided, according to their rank, into doubles, semi-doubles, 
simples, etc. 1 C. A. Youne Elem. Astron. vi. § 207 It 
was discovered that the line is really a close double, one of 
its components being due to iron, while the other is due to 
some unknown gaseous element. | 

4. +a. A small copper coin (value $ of a sou) 
formerly current in France. b. A small copper 
coin current in Guernsey, value $ of a penny. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 336 Socrates... 
sent him word, that a measure of flower was sold in Athens 
for a Double, and that water cost oem 1687 A. Lovett 
tr. Bergerac’s Com. Hist.1. 35 Most of them throwing a 
Double upon my Handkerchict 1862 Anstep Channel (sl. 
iv. App. A. (ed. 2) 563 Copper coinage in Guernsey. .con- 
sisting of pence, half pence, farthings (called two doubles), 
and eighths of a penny (called one double). 

II. 5. A fold; a folded piece of stuff. ? Ods. 

1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. u. Wks. 1856 I. 28 Rowled up 
in seaven-fould doubles Of plagues. 1761 STERNE 7%. 
Shandy Il. xiv, Mantles..with large flowing folds and 
doubles. 1784 Darwinin Phil. Trans. LXXV. 3 Another 
leaden ring. .with some doubles of flannel placed under it. 

6. A sharp turn in running, as of a hunted hare; 
also, of a river; fig. an evasive turn or shift in 
action, argument, etc. Zo give (one; the double: to 
give the slip, evade by stratagem. 

1sg2 Suaxs. Ven. § Ad. 682 With what care he [the 
hare] cranks and crosses, with a thousand doubles. a 1625 
Frercuer Woman's Prize i. iv, All their arch-villanies 
and all their dobles, Which are more than a hunted Hare 
ere thought on. 1751 JoHnson Rambler No. 96 P 14 ‘The 
quick retreats and active doubles which Falsehood always 
practised. 1813 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 79 A fellow 
who had tipped the double to some bailiffs. 1820 Scorr 
Monast. v, At every double of the river the shadows.. 
obscured the eastern bank. 

Double (dzb'l), v. Forms: see DouBLe a. 
[ME. dublen, doblen, doublen, a. OF. dubler, 
dobler, doubler, =Pr., Sp. doblar, It. doppiare:— 
L. duplire (less common = dupkcare) to double, 
fold up, f. dp/-2s double.] 

1. trans. To make double; to make twice as 
many, as much, or as great; to increase or enlarge 
twofold ; to multiply by two; to put two in place 
of one, as ¢o double a letter in spelling. 

cr St. Brandan 602 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 236 We 
wolleb peos six dawes doubli al is wo. c 1385 CHAUCER 
L. G. W. Prol. 522 Hire grete bounte doubelyth hire 
renoun. c1425 Craft Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 13 Begyn 
at the lyft side, and doubulle 2. oe wel be 4. 1522 More 
De quat. Noviss. Wks. 78/2 He had leuer double his own 
payn. 161r Biste Rev. xviii. 6 Double vnto her double 
according to her workes. 1696 Wuiston The. Earth ut. 
(1722) 247 Mankind do double themselves in about 360 or 
370 years. 1724-Dr For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 103, I 
doubled my pace. 1825 J. NicHotson Oferat. Mechanic 4 
If either its weight or its velocity be doubled, itsmomentum 
will be likewise doubled. 187z Rosy Lat. Gram. 1. v. 22 
To denote the length of a vowel .. (1) They doubled the 
vowel. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 136 Ignorance 
doubled by conceit of knowledge. 

b. adsol. (In quot., to double the stakes.) 

1669 Drypen Tyraunic Love ut. i. Wks. 1883 III. 412 
I am resolved to double till I win. 

ec. To amount to twice as much as. 

1605 Suaks. Lear u. iv. 262 Thy fifty yet doth double 
fiue and twenty. 1666 Drypen Ann. Mirad. cxix, The 
adverse fleet, Still doubling ours. 1806 Naval Chron. XV. 
328 A number doubling that which she was calculated to 
carry. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 81 When his date 
Doubled her own. 

d. Mus. To add the same note in a higher or 
lower octave to (a note of melody or harmony). 

173t Ketter Thorow-Bass in Holder Harmony 192 On.. 
any..Sharp or Flat Note out of the Key, you double the 
8th, 1877 Strainer Harmony vii. § 92 The minor seventh 
should not bedoubled. 1880 P. Davip in Grove Dict. Mus. 
it aot Lite double-bass] often doubles in the lower octave 
the bass of the harmony. 

e. Zo double a part: to act as the double of or 
substitute for (another player) ; to play two parts 
in the same pace 3; also fig. 

1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 1. 33 When she 
attempted to double the part of her mother, She: .failed in 
playing the great or the agreeable lady. 180x Paris as it 
was II. xli. 60 Laforét who (as the French express it), 
doubles Lainez, that is, performs the same characters in 
his absence. Lowett Spenser Prose Wks. 1890 IV. 
319 Spenser made all his characters double their parts. 
1894 7imes 6 Mar. 4/3 Miss Rosa Green ‘ doubled the parts’ 
of Martha and Siebel. 

2. intr. (for reff) To become twice as much or 
many as before ; to increase twofold. 

¢1320 Cast. Love 1199 Pi joye doublede an hondrut 
folde. 1592 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 521 Say, for non-pay- 
ment that the debt should double. 1684-90 Burner 74. 
Earth (J.)'Tis observed in icular nations, that within 
the space of three hund: years..the number of men 
double. 1882 Pesopy Eng. Yournalism xix. 145 The cir- 
culation doubled, trebled, quadrupled. 


Bhs flowers: To become double (see DouBLE 
a.1d). : 
3882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 542 When the stamens become 


: 613 


transformed into petals (by the so-called ‘doubling’ of the 
flower). 1888 G. HensLow Floral Struct. 299 The starved 
state of the plants causes doubling. 

+8. trans. To repeat or reiterate; to redouble; 
to make a copy or duplicate of (Sc.) Ods. 

¢1380 Wycur Se, Wks. III. 84 Crist techib..to have 
oure wordis pus, 3he, 3he, and nal, nay..Pere he doublib 
his wordis, as if he wolde seie,—3if 3e seie 3he in 3oure 
soule, seie 3he wip3oure moub. 1565 JEweL Nefl. Harding 
(1611) 334 Thus he saith, and doubleth, and repeateth the 
same. c1645 Howett Lett. (1650) I. 28 Pulling out the 
fatal steel, be doubled his thrust. @ 1662 R. BaiLue Lett. 
(1775) I. 174 (Jam.) Some of the advertisement I have caused 

ouble, 1718 Wodrow Corr. (1843) Il. 406 I'll cause 
double over what account I have insert..and send up to 
you. 1805 Scotr Last Ainstr.1. xxvii, Cliffs, doubling, on 
their echoes borne, The terrors of the robber’s horn. 

+b. zr. or absol. To speak with repetition of 
sounds. Obs. rare. 

1382 Wyc.ir 2 Sam. iii. 34 And doublynge togidre [con- 
geminantes) al the people wept upon hym. 1593 SHaAks. 
2 Hen, VI, 1. iii. 94 This knaues tongue begins to double. 
1621 [see Dousinc ff/. a. 1). 

4. Mil. a. trans. To increase (ranks or files) to 
twice their length by marching other ranks or files 
up into them, (The latter may also be the object.) 
b. zntr. Of ranks or files: To march up into the 
other ranks or files so as to double them. 

1598 Barret Theor. W’arres i. i. 37 What meane you by 
doubling your ranke and file? 1635 Barrirre AZiz. Discip. 
xii. (1643) 45 In the doubling of Ranks, the even Ranks are 
to double into the odde. 1684 R. H. School Necreat. 55 
They are held to double when the Rear is doubled into the 
Front. 1796 /ustr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 46 No doubling 
up, increasing, or diminishing the front of the column, 
must be made after entering on a straight alignement. 
1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 26 The left files double 
behind the right files. . 

ec. trans. (collog.) To couple or associate with 
(in the same quarters). Often dovwdble up. 

1837 Major Ricuarpson Brit, Legion i. (ed. 2) 23 Another 
Captain of my regiment is doubled up with me, 1835 
W. Westra Larry Lohengrin iii. (Farmer), He. . promised 
the steward a handsome tip if nobody were doubled up 
with him, i.e. if no other person were put into the same 
cabin, 1886 Mortey Stud. Lit. (1889) 108 ‘The scientific 
lawyer is doubled with the Indian bureaucrat.» 

d. zztr. To unite in couples. ? Cds. 

1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 27 Some double in their 
companies, some treble, some troupe, none goe single. 

5. An. intr. To march in double time, go ‘at 
the double’. 

1890 R. Kipiine Willie Winkie 19 SoE Company. .doubled 
for the dear life. 

To double one’s effort or speed. (co//og.) 

1887 Visc. Bury & G. L. Hitvier Cycling 104 He doubled 
to his work. .and left the Cantab. 

6. trans. a. To add a second layer of material 
to (a garment); to line. Ods. exc. Her.: see 
DovuB.ine vd/. sb. 2. 

14.. Ld. High Treas. Acc, Scot. 1. 203 (Jam. Supp.) 
A lang gowne to the Duk..viij elne of blak dammysk to 
dowbil it with. 1555 Even Decades 266 A thicke vesture.. 
well dowbeled. 1610 Guitiim Heraddry 1. iv. (1611) 14 No 
man under the degree of a Baron..may have his mantle 
doubled with Ermyne. 1766 Porny Elem, Her, vi. (1787) 
226 The doubling of Mantlings with Furs. 

b. To line or cover (a ship) with an additional 
layer of planking. 

1703 T. N. City §& C. Purchaser 203 A useful Nail in 
doubling of small Ships. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 
II. 190 Doubling generally consists of the application of 2 
or 2} inches oak plank near the bow, diminishing towards 
the stern. 1840 Evid. Hull Docks Com, 222 She was 
obliged to be doubled; to have timber put outside her in 
order to make her more stationary in the water. 

7. Silk Manuf., Cotton-spinning, etc. To lay 
two or more filaments (of silk), or slivers (of cotton, 
wool, or flax), together, and compress them into one. 

1831 G. R. Porter Sik Manuf. 204 In the operation of 
doubling, these bobbins are placed in front of the winding 
machine. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 123 In fine spinning, 
the doubling of the fibres is sometimes 70,000 fold—for the 
purpose of producing perfect uniformity in the finished 
yarn. 1875 Uve's Dict, Arts III. 794 The raw singles are 
first twisted in one direction, next doubled, and then 
twisted together in the opposite direction. 

8. To bend (a piece of cloth, paper, etc.) over, 
so as to bring the two parts into contact parallel; 
to fold; to bend (the body, etc.) so as to bring 
distant parts into proximity; to close, clench (the 
hand or fist), Often with w. 

(In quot. 1589, to close (the ears).) 

©1430 Two Cookery Bks. 39 Take a pese of fayre Canne- 
uas, and doble it. 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poeste 1. xxiii. 
(Arb.) 282 To solace your eares with pretie conceits after 
a sort of long scholasticall preceptes which may happen 
haue doubled them. 1665 Hooke MJicrogr. 9 They double 
all the Stuff. .that is, they crease it just through the middle 
-.placing the two edges, or selvages just upon one another. 
1694 Drypen Love Triumph. 1. i, The page is doubled 
down. 1778 Map. D’Arstay Diary 3 Aug., He doubled 
his fist at me. mg! Buackie Sedf-Cult. 42 Bending his 
back, and doubling his chest. 1885 Binte (R. V.) £od. 
xxvi. 9 Thou..shalt double over the sixth curtain in the 
forefront of the tent. 1893 A.H.S. Lanpor Hairy Ainu 54 
Crouched as she was, doubled up, with her head on her knees. 

b. Zo double up (a person): to make to bend 
or stoop, as by a blow; hence fig. to finish up, 
cause to ‘collapse’, (slang or co/log.) 

1814 Sporling Mag. XLIV. 278 Planting a blow on the 


DOUBLE-BANKED. 


side of Perrot, which doubled him up. 1883 J. Parker 
Tyne Ch. 108 Never saw a man so doubled up [in argu- 
ment). x89r E. W. Gosse Gossip in Library xxi. 275 
This master of science [pugilism], who doubled up an 
opponent as if he were pluckir g a flower. 

ec. intr. (for ref.) To become folded together 
or bent over; to fold, bend. 

21650 Don Bellianis 164 With such terrible incounters 
that the knight..doubled backward upon his horse. 1875 
Darwin /asectiv. Plants vii. 163 After 10 hrs. 15 m... the 
blade quite doubled up. J/od. His knees doubled up under 
him. ‘The leaf has been folded, and tends to double over, 

d. Billiards, (a.) intr. Of a ball. To rebound. 
(6.) trans. To cause (a ball) to rebound: cf. 
DouBLeET 7. 

1885 Billiards simplified (1889) so If you..hit the red 
nearly full, so that it doubles down the table [etc.]  A/od. 
You can double the ball into the middle pocket. 

9. Naut. (trans.) ‘Yo sail or pass round or to the 
other side of (a cape or point), so that the ship’s 
course is, as it were, doubled or bent upon itself. 

1548 Hat Chron., Hen. V1/T, 11 b, If you wil bring your 
shippe into the bay of Hardines, you must double y* poynt 
of Gentilnes. 1585 T. Wasntncron tr. Nicholay's Voy. 
1. x. 12b, Having doubled the cape, we passed along. 
1665 Phil. Trans. I. 42 To go into the East Indies without 
doubling the Cape of Good Hope. 1867 FreemAN orm. 
Cong. (1876) I. v. 295 The invaders doubled the Land’s End 
and ravaged Cornwall. 

b. zutr. To get round. 70 double upon (in naval 
warfare) : to get round to the other side of (an 
enemy’s fleet), so as to inclose it between two fires. 

1769 Facconer Dics. Marine (1789) Aa ijb, The lee-lme 
--cannot ‘so easily double upon the van..of the enemy. 
1856 Emerson Ang. Tv ails v.91 Nelson's feat of ‘doubling ’, 
or stationing his ships one on the outer bow and another on 
the outer quarter of each of the enemy's. 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Doubling upon ..a hostile fleet .. as 
Nelson did at the Nile. 1875 F. Hatt in Lifpincott’s 
Alag. XVI. 751/2 I doubled nimbly round a couple of 
corners, and paused again. 

10. zz¢+. ‘To turn sharply and suddenly in run- 
ning, as a hunted hare; to turn back on one’s 
course ; to pursue a winding or tortuous course. 

1596 Drayton Legends ii. 382 Yo the Covert doth him- 
selfe betake Doubling, and creepes from Brake againe to 
Drake. 1690 DrypEN Amphiiryon w. Wks, 1884 VIIT. 75 
Sce how he doubles, like a hunted hare. 1724 De For 
Mem. Cavalier (1840) 95 He found the river fetching a long 
reach, double short upon itself. 1828 D’Israrui Chas. /, 1. 
iv. 87 The negociation doubled through all the bland wind- 
ings of concession and conciliation. 1864 D. G. Mitcuert 
Sev. Stor, 306 They suddenly turned to double upon their 
walk again. 

b. trans. To avoid or escape by doubling; to 
elude, give the slip to. 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., To double a person 
. signifies either to run away from him openly, and elude 
his attempts to overtake you, or to give him the slip.. 
unperceived. 1842 MAnninG Serv. (1848) I. ii. 23 Skill in 
doubling all the changes of life, and in meeting its emer- 
gencies. 

ll. fig. (intr.) To make evasive turns or shifts ; 
to use duplicity, act deceitfully. ? Ods. 

1530 Parscr. 525 2, I double, I varye in tellyng of my tale. 
.. Nay, and you double ones, I have done with you. 1578 
Hunnis Hyveful Hunnye Gen. xii. 25 Why hast thou 
dealt thus craftely And doubled so with mee? 1624 T rag. 
Nero m. iii. in Bullen O. P27. 1. 54 Why with false Auguries 
have we bin deceiv'd? What, can Celestiall Godheads 
double too? 1649 Bounds Publ. Obed. (1650) 35 Who have 
been..attent not to double with their God. 1820 Scorr 
Ivanhoe xxxv, If thy tongue doubles with me, I will have 
it torn from thy misbelieving jaws... 

Double-acting, //. a. Acting in two ways 
or directions, by two methods, etc.: sfec. of a 
steam-engine, worked by application of steam 
power on both sides of the piston. (Cf. double 
action s.v. DOUBLE a. 6.) 

1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 475 The upward stroke of the 
piston was now produced by admitting the steam below 
it..thus the engine became double-acting. 1850 CuupB 
Locks & Keys 28 Chubb's detector being combined with the 
six double-acting tumblers, added very greatly to the 
security of the lock.. 1874 Knicur Dict. A/ech., Doutle- 
acting Pump, one which throws water at each stroke. 
1892 Lounssury Stud. Chaucer I. ii. 155 The assumed 
relationship. .had begun to perform its double-acting part. 

Double-bank, v. [Back-formation from next.] 
trans. a. Naut. To provide with two rowers on 
one bench for each pair of opposite oars, or with 
two rowers for each oar. b. ¢ransf. To work or 
pull with two sets of men, horses, etc. (e.g. a rope 
with men on both sides, a dray with a double 
team of horses) ; also. adsol. 

1832 Marryat NV. Forster xii, They double-banked their 
oars. 1859 Cornwatus New World 1.147 They started next 
day..and, by good luck..met with some chaps on the road 
with fresh cattle, and so double banked all the way up. 

Double-banked (-benkt), a. Maur. [para- 
synth. f. double bank + -ED.] Having pairs of 
opposite oars pulled by rowers on the same bench ; 
or, having two rowers at each oar. (Said of the oars, 
or of the boat; also adverbially.) b. Dozble- 
banked frigate: a frigate carrying guns on two 
decks ; also called a Double-banker. 

1697 Dampier Voy. I. xv. 429 They row double-banked ; 
that is, two Men sitting on one Bench, but one rowing on 
one side, the other on the other side of the Boat. 1769 
Fatconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v., The oars are also said 


DOUBLE-BARRELLED. 
to be double-ban!:ed when two men row upon every single 


614 
dubbledealing Spy. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 53 
Lo TN ge en Rex 1¢. Le iticians. 


one. P. Parley’s Ana. 11. Alarge d 
pay Surere Sat lor's Word-bk. Sx Double-banked, 
6o-gun frigates which carry guns along the gangway..are 
usually styled double-bankers, 

Dou'ble-ba‘rrelled, -eled (-be'réld), a. 

1. Ofa fire-arm : Having two barrels. 

1 Steere 7atler No. 34 ® 5 His double-barrelled 


Pistols. 1835 W. Irvine our Prairies 95, 1 discharged 
the double-barrelled gun to the right and left. : 
2. fig. Serving a double purpose; having a 


double reference ; double, twofold. 

1837 Dickens Pickw. xxvii, This was a double-barreled 
compliment. 1841 THackeray “ux. Napoleon ii, The above 
account..has a double-barrelled morality. 1 Univ. 
Rev. Nov. 345 Every one they know has a double barrelled 
name and a great-grandfather of renown. 

So Double-barrel a.=prec.; sé., a double-bar- 
relled gun; Double-barrel v. zonce-wd., to make 
* double-barrelled ’. 

1811 Byron Hints Hor. 556 Double-barrels..miss their 
mark. 1829 Fonstanque Eng. under 7 Administ. (1837) 1. 
313 A double-barrel gun. 1848 THackeray Bk. Snood: xii, 
He double-barrelled his name, and, instead of T. Sniffle 
-.came out..as Rev, I. D'Arcy Sniffle. 

Double-bass (dz b'l\bés). [f. DouBie a. 4b 
+ Bass, after the Italian name ConTraBasso.] A 
musical instrument, the largest and deepest-toned 
of the violin class, having three or four strings, 
usually tuned a fourth apart. 

1727-52 CuamsBers Cycl. s.v. Violone, A double bass 
almost twice as big as the common bass violin. 1789 Mrs. 
Piozzt Journ. France 1. 176 Girls handling the double 
bass. 1856 Mrs. C. CLarke tr. Berlioz’ Instrument. 40 Vo 
double-basses belong. .the lowest sounds of the harmony. 

attrib, 1816 Scotr Old Mort. xvii, ‘Harm them not!’ 
exclaimed Kettledrummle, in his very best double-bass 
tones. 1880 P. Daviv in Grove Dict. A/us. I. 458 Bottesini 
and. .other celebrated double-bass players. 

Double-benched (-benft), a. Having two 
benches ; sfec. (aut.) = DOUBLE-BANKED, 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 17 A double-benched 
cart. 188 Ocitvie, Doudle-banked, double-benched. 

Double-bitt, v. Naut. [see Birr.]  sfrans. 
To pass (a cable) twice round the bitts, or round 
two pairs of bitts instead of one. 

1833 Capt. Marryat P. Simple xv, ‘Which cable was 
ranged last night—the best bower?’ ‘Yes, sir.’ ‘ Jump 
down, then, and see it double-bitted and stoppered at thirty 
fathoms.’ 1857 SmytH Saflor’s Word-6h. 104 In ships of 
war there are usually two pairs of cable-bitts, and when they 
are both used at once the cable is said to be double-bitted. 

Double-bitted, 2. [see Bir 54.1] Having 
two bits (in various senses). 

1816 Scotr B/. Dwarfi, A double-bitted military bridle. 
1834 Brit. /1usb. 1. 345 Grubbing the roots of shrubs. .is 
usually performed with the..double-bitted mattock. 1874 
Knicur Dict. Mech., Donble-bitted Axe. .has two opposite 
bits or blades. It is an ancient form of battle-axe. 

Double-breasted, a. Of a coat, etc. : Having 
the two sides of the breast made alike, with 
buttons and button-holes, so as to button on either 
side. Also, having a double thickness of material 
on the breast, as an under-vest. 

1yor Lond. Gaz. No. 3693/4 A light Cloth Coat double 
breasted. 1825 J. Neat Bro. Fonathax 1. 149 A loose 
great coat, or double-breasted surtout. 1874 BouTett A rms 
& Arm, iii. 54 That arrangement in a modern waistcoat 
which is entitled ‘double-breasted *. 

Doubled (dzb'ld), Ap/. a. [f. DousiE v.] 

1. Made double, increased twofold, + repeated, 
etc. ; see the verb. 

c1430 Art of Nombryng (E. E. T. S.\ 16 Fynde a-noper 
digit vnder the next nee bifore the doublede. 1572 Dicces 
Pantom.1. xi. Diij, loyning to that doubled distance the 
heigth of your eye, ye haue the whole altitude. 1697 
Dryven Virg. Georg. 1v. 70 Hollow Rocks that .. doubled 
Images of Voice rebound. 1810 Sourney Aehama xi. xiv, 
Their doubled speed the affrighted Dragons try. 

b. Of land: see double land s.v. DOUBLE a. 6. 

1 Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 256 The Land in the Count 
is eh and doubled. 1712 Ww Rocers Voy. App. 26 The 
Land is white with small Hills, and in some places doubled. 

2. Folded, bent: see DouBueE z, 8. 

1658 Jer. Tavtor Guide Devot. (1719) 149 Doubled knees, 
and Groans and Cries. 1860 Macmicnagt Pilgr. Ps. 324 
A small doubled piece of cloth. 1864 Mrs. Gatry Parables 
Jr. Nat, Ser, wv. 14 Poor Hans’ doubled-up figure. 

Dou'ble-dealer. [f. next, or f. Douste adv. 
3-] One who acts with duplicity. 

1547-64 BauLpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) vin. i, God .. ab- 
horreth. . hypocrites, and double dealers. 1709 SACHEVERELL 
Serm. 5 Nov. 22 Thus execrable is the Traytor, and Double- 
Dealer, 1836 Hor. Smita 7in Trump. (1876) 278 A Janus- 
faced double-dealer. 

Dou'ble-dealing, double de y VOL. sb. 
[see DouBLE a. 5.] Action marked by duplicity ; 
the profession of one thing and practice of another. 

@ 1529 Skecton Dethe Erle Northumbd. 174 Let double 
delyng in the haue no place. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. 
Biondi’s Eromena 133 Some .. feared there was some dis- 
sembling or doubl ling in this busi 1748 Anson's 
Voy. ut. x. 403 The malice and double-dealing of the 
Chinese. 1830 D'Isragti Chas. /, III. iv. 45 Saville .. by 
his double-dealing with the King and the Scots, proved 
himself a political traitor. 

Dow 'ble-dealing, //. a. 
DovBte adv. 3.) Using hs pace & 

- 1587 GoLpinc De Mornay xiv. 223 To be beguiled by a 


[f prec., or f 


Double-decker. collog. [parasynth. f. double 
deck +-E%1.] A double-decked ship, etc. a. ‘A 
ship with two decks above the water-line’. b. 
U.S. ‘A street-car having a second floor and seats 
on top; a freight- or cattle-car with two floors’. 
(Cent. Dict.) 

Double-dye, v. [f. Doupie adv, + Dre v] 
trans. To dye twice; fig. to imbue or stain deeply. 

1602 How to Chuse good Wife w. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley 
1X. 77 Did he not..double-dye your coral lips with blood ? 
1879 G. MerepitH Lgoist xxxv, He is a sort of man to 
double-dye himself in guilt by way of vengeance. 

Hence Double-dyed ///. a., dyed twice; jig. 
deeplyimbued or stained ( with guilt, etc.); Double- 
dyeing s/., a method of dyeing mixed woollen and 
cotton fabrics by which the two are dyed separately. 

1667 Poo.r Dial. betw. Protest. & Papist (1735) 148 You 
are double-dy'd Idolaters. 1678 MARVELL Growth Popesy 
15 Some double-dyed Son of our Church, some Protestant 
in grain. 1870 Miss Brivoman RX. Lynne II. xii. 256 A 
double-dyed scoundrel. 

Double-edged, 2. [f. double edge + -ED, or 
DouBLe adv.] Having two (cutting) edges; fig. 
cutting or acting both ways. 

1552 Hutoet, Double edged, anceps. 1687 Drypen Hind 
& Panth, 1. 192 Your Delphic sword. .Is double-edged and 
cuts on either side. 1745 P. Tuomas Yrud. Anson's Voy. 
289 Pikes .. headed with a double-edged Iron. 1791 Bos- 
WELL Yohnson 1. 454 \Jod.) Strong, pointed, double-edged 
wit. 1866 J. Martineau £ss. I. 196 The charge. .is double- 
edged, and cuts both ways. 

Double-e-nder. ; 

1. Anything having two ends alike; sfec. a kind 
of gun-boat rounded fore and aft. U.S. 

1865 Star 3 Feb., The double-ender Sassacus.. caught 
one of the shells. .which carried away the skylight of the 
cabin. 1871 Proctor Light Sc, 219 The United States 
doub!e-ender ‘Wateree’. 18.. Amer. Antiquarian IX. 
370 (Cent.) It may be styled a double-ender spear, for each 
extremity of it is pointed in an identical manner. : 

2. A cross-cut sawing-machine, with two adjust- 


| able circular saws, for sawing both ends of 


timber. 

|| Double entendre (dbl aitandr). [rare 
obs. F. = the usual double entente, double under- 
standing, ambiguity; (an example, of 1688, is given 
by Littré in Suppl.) Cf. also double entendement 
in DouBLE a. 2 quot. 1548.] A double meaning ; 
a word or phrase having a double sense, esf. as 
used to convey an indelicate meaning. 

1673 DrypEn Marr. a la Mode 111. i. 36 Foible, Chagrin, 
Grimace, Embarrasse, Double entendre, Equivoque. 1678 
Ducuess CLevELAND in Miss Berry Eng. & j geioes (1834) 1. 
i. 92 The ambassador showed a letter, which he pretended 
one part of it was a double entendre. 1 Drypven Love 
Triumph. Prol., No double entendres, which i sparks 
allow, To make the ladies look--they know not how. 1709 
Brit. Apollo \1, No. 11. 3/2 A double Entendre By th’ word 
is express'd. 184 i: T. Hewrert Parish Clerk 1. 159 The 
jokes and the double entendres that were flying about. 

Double-face. a. (Properly two words, dou- 
ble face) ‘ Duplicity ; the acting of different parts 
inthesameconcern’ Webster 1828. b. (dou'b/e-face), 
A double-faced person, a hypocrite. 

“— Boy's Own Paper Nov. 55/3 Then you believe that 
uncle is a double-face. 

Double-faced (-fést), a. 

1. Having two faces or aspects. 

1589 Greengk Menaphon (Arb.) 29 Chance is like Ianus, 
double faced. a1711 Ken Preparatives Poet. Wks. 1721 
IV. 140 Double-fac'd Death, 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. 11. 
36 Double-faced as these inventions are—wearing one 
meaning in the apologies of theologians, and quite another 
to the multitude. — Se F 

b. Ofa fabric: Finished on both sides, so that 
either may be used %s the right side. 

Jig. ‘Facing two ways’; professing different 
things to different people ; insincere. 

1575-85 Asp. Sanpys Serm. Ur84s) 6 Deep dissemblers, 
double-hearted, double-tongued, double-faced. 1§77 /¢s¢. 12 
Patriarchs (1604) 134 Double-fac'd men God _abhorreth. 
os T. Jerrerson een 6 Wks. 1859 1. 63 Those whom 
he knew to be slippery and double-fac i Y 

Hence Double-fa‘cedness, the quality of being 
double-faced ; duplicity, insincerity. 

1867 Sata Fr. Waterloo to Penin. 11, 116 An element in 
Spanish statecraft .. known as dod/ez, or doublefacedness. 
1887 Cotvin A cats 79 Of double-facedness or insincerity .. 
Hunt was incapable. i 

+ Dowblefold, «. Ods. [loosely after manifold, 
etc.] Twofold, double. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 6758 (Cott.) He sal again yeild duble 
fald. x Wycutr Ps, 2nd Prol., Clad with the doublefold 
cloth of confusion, 18 Nortusrooke Dicing (1843) 26 
The blessings are double fold to the dili and ob 


DOUBLE-MINDED. 


2. A rendering of amphisbena, the double- 
headed snake. pore " 

183r Wuittier Double-headed Snake 60 Urchins. .search- 
ing .. for or kine The terrible double-ganger heard, 


x a. 

1. Adapted to be lifted or held with both hands ; 
two-handled. 

¢ 1611 Cuarman //iad1. 566 In his lov'd mother’s hand He 

it the double-handed cup. —— Angler in Wales 

. 172 Do you use a single or -handed rod? 

2. Having two hands; fg. capable of a double 
use, application, or action. 

1665 GLANvILL Scepsis Sci. (J.), All things being double- 
handed, and having the appearances both of truth and 
falsehood. 

Hence Double-ha‘ndedness, the quality of being 
double-handed ; duplicity of action. 

F. M. Crawrorp Dr. Claudius x, That sort of 
double-handedness that the Duke hated. 

+ Dowd Obs. a. The double-headed 
snake. b. Double-headed shot. 

1607 TopsELL Serfents (1658) 700 The Grecians call this 
Serpent Amphisbaina..I have called it Double-head. 

Swan Sec. M. (1670) 440 The Amphisbena, or Double-head. 
1678 Lond. Gaz. No. 1361/1 He .. loaded his Guns with 
double head and round Partridge. 

Dou'ble-hea:ded, a. Having a double head 
or two heads, two-headed (/:t. and _fig.). 

Double-headed shot : a shot consisting of two balls joined 
together. Double-headed serpent or snake: a snake-like 
lizard of N. America, having the head and tail nearly alike; 
hence formerly supposed to have two heads; =Ampuis- 
BANA 2. 

1542-3 Act 34435 Hen. VIII,c. 6 Pinnes. .such as shalbe 
double headed. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vu. xii. 
363 His favours are deceitfull and double headed, he doeth 
apparent good, for reall. .evillafter it. 1663 Gerpier Counsel 
E viij b, A double-headed-Aigle. 1678 tr. Gaya’s Art of War 
17 Double-headed Shot. .are two Bullets fastned together, by 
alittle piece of Iron, about halfan inch long. 1727 A. Hamit- 
tox New Acc. E. Ind. 11. xxxiii. 1o This double-headed 
Government. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 222 The 
Amphisbana, or the Double Headed Serpent. 1804 Naval 
Chron, X11. 63, 13 rounds of double-headed shot. 1865 
Kincstey //erew. xvii, His great double-headed axe. 

Double-hea‘der. U.S. a. A kind of firework. 
b. A railway train having two engines. 

1869 Acpricu Story of Bad Boy 92 The smaller sort of 
fireworks, such as pin-wheels, serpents, double-headers. 1881, 
Chicago Times 12 Mar.,The..express from Chicago started 
out with a double-header. 

Dou'ble-hea:rted, a. [see Dousie a. §.} 
Having a ‘double heart’; deceitful, dissembling.. 

1552 Latimer Serm. §& Rest. (1845) 151 Double-hearted, 
speaking one thing with their tongues, and thinking another 
thing in their hearts, 1617 Hixon Wes. I]. 160 Guilefull 
and double-hearted hypocrites. 1849 Hare Par. Serm. 11. 
227 In this doublefaced, doublehearted world. 

Hence Double-hea'rtedness. 

1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. xii. 3 This dubblehartednesse 
..-maketh men dubbletunged. Heron Ch. Subapostolic 
Age 1. i. 21 Doubleh d guile, arrog: 

u’blejee, -key, -see, dubbletie, adapta- 
tions or corruptions of Du. duddeltje, a coin worth 
1o cents, or about 2d. English. 

1707 Funnett Voy. (1729) 201 A Doublekey, which is a 
piece of money that goes for two-pence. 1731 MEDLEY 
“olben's Cape G. Hope 1. 168 A Dubbletie .. a twopenn 
piece of Dutch money. 1 Mrs. Catperwoop Frxi. 
(1884) 59 Two stiver pieces called doublesees. 1889 Blackw. 
Mag. Aug. 183 We to put a doublejee or so into the 


+ Dowble-leaf, 5. and a. Obs. 

A. sb. The plant twayblade (Zzstera ovata), 
an orchid with two large opposite ovate leaves. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens u. lvii. 224 The Twayblade or 
Doubleleaf. 1605 Timme Quersit. 1. xiii. 65 The salts [of] 
double leafe and of cardus benedictus. .are diaphoricall. 

B. adj. Having two leaves, double-leaved. 

1592 Ly.y Midas 1. ii, The lips are .. made for a double- 
leafe dore for the mouth, 

Dou:ble-lo'ck, v. ‘vans. To lock by two turns 
of the key, as in some forms of lock. 

1592 Suaxs. Ven. § Ad. 448 Bid Suspicion double-lock 
the door. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) IIL. 39 How 
came I to denblolonk myself in? Dicxens Barn. 
Rudge Ul, ix. 77 John had double-locked the door. 

‘ble meaning, 54. Double or ambiguous 
signification; the use of an ambiguous word or 
hrase, esp. to convey an indelicate meaning; = 
Dounes ENTENDRE. So Dou'ble-meaning a, 
having a double meaning, ambiguous, Double- 
meaner zonce-wd., one who deals in double 
meanings. 

1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 8 The wily usyng of wordes, 
that in sense have double meanyng. YLVESTER Due 
Bartas 1. vi. 824 Th’ Em er Of us (whom the 
Delphian Oracler Deluded by his doubl n ures\ 
x6or SHAKS. Ad ‘s Well ty. lil, 114 Has deceiu'd like a 


hearer, 1826 Sporting Mag. X1X. 70 Increased in a double- 
fold degree. 

Dou'ble- er (-geno1). [ad. Ger. doppel- 
ganger or Du, dubbelganger double-goer.] 

1. The apparition of a living person; a double, 
a wraith. 

1830 Scorr Demonol. 178 note, He .. may probably find it 
to be his own fetch or wraith or double-ganger. 1865 
Kincstey //erew, xix, Either you are Here |, or you are 
his double-ganger. 


g Prop 17a Steece Spect. No. 504 
P 2 These are ever harping upon things they ought not to 
allude to, and deal mightily in double meanings .. for your 
doubl are di d..thro’ all parts of town or city. 
1840 Hoop AMiss Kilmansegg, Her Honeymoon xiii, A 
double meaning shows double sense. 1853 Grote Greece 
u. lxxxiii. XI. 36 By del 


wit and rs 
phrases to express an offensive sentiment. ‘ 
Dou'ble-mi:nded, a. Having two ‘minds’; 
undecided or wavering in mind ; + also, formerly, 
Having two meanings, an overt and a concealed. 


DOUBLENESS. 


1552 HuLoet, Dowble mynded, or of many wyttes, altri- 
lex. 161x Biste Fas. i.8 A double minded man is vnstable 
in all his wayes. 1727 H. Herpert tr. Fleury’s Eccl. Hist. 
I. 161 Thou shalt not be either double-tongued or double- 
minded. 1834 J. H. Newman Par. Sernt. (1837) 1. iii. 42 

It is the double-minded who find difficulties. = 

Hence Double-mi‘ndedness, the state of being 
double-minded (in either sense). 

1608 W. Sciater Malachy (1650) 29 Lameness Is hypo- 
crisie, double-mindedness. 1646 H. Lawrence Comm, An- 

ells 121 Insincerity and double-mindednesse. 1654 H. 
A onetsinas Chas. [(1655) 71 The Amphibology, the double- 
mindednesse of the word ‘dux’. 188: GLapstone Sf, at 
Leeds 7 Oct., Feeble double-mindedness that does not see 
its own intention. "i 

Doubleness (dz'b’lnés). 

. -NESS.] 

1. The quality or state of being double or two- 
fold. (In quot. 1533, A double layer or fold.) 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxvi. (1495) 919 The 
more he passyth fro doublynesse and nygheth to symply- 
nesse. @1533 Lv. Berners Huon ix. 23 The stroke passyd 
through the doublenes of his cloke. 1665, Ray Flora 
190 The Double Popy differeth only from the single field 
Popy in the doubleness of the flowers. 1855 Bain Senses § 
Int. u. ii. § 10 If we had..two distinct olfactory nerves, we 
should. .have a feeling of doubleness or repetition of smells. 

+b. Double or doubtful meaning, ambiguity. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. ccxxiii. 248 He wagged his hede, 
as age conceyued some doublenesse in this reporte. 1551 
T. Witson Logike (1580) 8 That the doublenesse of no one 
woorde deceive the hearer. [1694 R. BurtHocce Reason 
37 Words .. often have a doubleness of meaning, and then 
are called Ambiguous]. 

ce. Doubleness of mind =double-mindedness. 

@ 1628 Preston New Covt. (1634) 10 Doublenesse of mind 
.-when a man is distracted between God and some other 
object. 1863 KINGLAKE Crimea I. 348 That doubleness of 
mind which made him always prone to do acts clashing one 
with another. : 

2. The character of being ‘double’ in action or 
conduct ; duplicity, deceitfulness, treachery. 

©1374 Cuaucer Anel. & Arc. 159 He coude hir dowbil- 
nesse espie. 1423 Jas. I Aiéngis Q. cxxxvi, Fy on thaire 
doubilnesse ! 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. IV (an. 7) 199 b, 
The erle began to complain. .of the ingratitude and double- 
nes of kyng Edward. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1.602 
Dissimulation and doubl of heart. 1792 Map. D'Ar- 
Biay Diary May, Unsuspicious .. where he has met no 
doubleness. 1863 Geo. ELior Romola ut. xxvii, What he 
called perplexity seemed to her sophistry and doubleness. 

Double ui:ck, a. (sb, adv.). a. adj. Mil. 
Applied to the quickest step next to the run; = 
Dovusira@.4c. Hence gez. Very rapid or hurried. 
b. sb. Double-quick pace or time; =DovuBLE sé. 
3i; also gen. At the double-quick: very quickly 
or hastily. @. adv. In double-quick time. 

In the U.S. army, according to the Century Dict., Double- 

uick time consisted of 165 steps of 33 inches (== 453% ft.) to 
the minute, which is identical with the ‘double time’ at 
seg (1896) in force in the British Army. According to 

unk & Wagnall the term has been superseded by ‘double 
time’: see DouBLE a 4c. 

1822 G. W. Mansy Voy. Greenland (1823) 59, I singled out 
one [seal] that was marching away in double quick time. 
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales II. 41 It was necessary to 
move onat double-quick. 1860 Reaper Cloister § H. III, 229 
He took a candle and lighted it, and turned it down... till it 
burned his fingers ; when he dropped it double quick. 1883 
Harper's Mag. Sept. 553/1 His men were proceeding at 
the double-quick. 

Hence Double-qui’ck v., zz¢r. and frans., to 
march, or cause to march, at double-quick. (U..S.) 

1853 Life in South 11. 294 How they marched .. and 
marched again ; and ‘double quicked’, they called it; thirty 
milesaday. 1888 Century Mag. XX XV. 962 Berry double- 
quicked his men to the point, but was too late. 

Doubler ! (dy-ble1). Now only dal. Forms: 
4-5 dobler(e, dobeler(e, dub(b)lar, 5 dobbler, 
dowbler, Sc. dibler, 5- doubler, dubler, (9 
dial. dibbler). [a. AF. dobler, dubler, = OF. 
doblier, doublier a kind of dish, also, a liquid 
measure, napkin, towel, bag, satchel :— L. duplari- 
um liquid measure, bag, purse,f. dplus DouBLE: 
see -ARIUM.] A large plate or dish. 

13.. Z. E. Allit. P. B. 1146 A bassyn, a bolle..A dysche 
oper a dobler. c1qr0 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xxxix. 79 
« ibbs MS.) He pat wyth me puttep hys honde in to he 

ch or dobler. a: Laws = Four Burghs cxxv. § 3 

(Jam.) The heir sall haue. .ane dish, ane dibler, ane charger, 
ane cuippie. 1 Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 198, 
ij brasse potts, iij puder dublers. 1674-9r Ray NV. C. Words 
134 A Dubler or Doubler, a Platter or Dish. Vox per 
magnam Angliz partem diffusa. 1855 Rosinson Whitby 
Gloss., Dubb 3 a deep earthen dish or platter. 

Doubler 2 (dvbloz). Forms: see DouBrE a. 

f. DouBLE v. + -ER1; cf. F. doudleur, prob. the 
immediate source of the technical sense 3 a.] 

1. One who, or that which, makes double. 

1g52 Hutoet, Dowbler, duplicator. 1557 in Toftell’s 
Misc. (Arb.) 257 The doubler of thy gaine. 1589 Putten- 
HAM Eng. Poeste ut. xix. (Arb.) 211 One sorte of repetition, 
which we call the doubler. .a speedie iteration of one word, 
but with some little intermission, 1869 REED Ship-duzld, i. 
7 Plates, which. .served as doublers to the main flat keel. 

+2. A double-dealer: cf. DouBLE v. 11. Ods. 

1553 GrIMALDE Cicero's Offices (1556) 130 Gylefull, craftie, 
foxlike, and a verie dubbler. 

3. Technical senses. a. A person employed in 
doubling (see DouBLE v. 7); also, a machine for 
doubling cotton or silk. 


[f. DousLE a. + 


615 

1662 Act 14 Chas. IT, c. 15 § 6 Silk-winder and Doubler. 
1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6187/4 Elizabeth Faulkner .. Silk- 

oubler. Zbid. No. 6189/4 Katharine Jackson .. Worsted- 
Doubler. 1879 J. Ropertson in Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 
209/1 Carding engines, lap-machines or doublers. 

b. Zlectv. An apparatus : see quot. 1788. 

1788 Phil. Trans. LXXVIII.8 It is Mr. Bennet’s doubler 
that was intended .. to multiply, by repeated doubling, a 
small, and otherwise unperceivable, quantity of electricity, 
till it became sufficient to affect an electrometer, to give 
sparks, etc. 1794 Reap /éid. LXX XIV. 266 When I employ 
the doubler to investigate atmospheric electricity. 1881 
Maxwe tt Electr. § Alagn. 1.294 By means of the revolving 
doubler... Volta succeeded in developing. .an electrification 
capable of affecting his electrometer. 

e. Calico-printing. ‘A blanket or felt placed 
between the cloth to be printed and the printing- 
table or cylinder’ (Knight Dect. A/ech.). 

d. Distilling. A part or appendage of a still, 
for intercepting and returning the less volatile 
vapours to be re-distilled. 

4. slang. A blow that ‘ doubles up’ a person. 

1811 Morn. Herald 10 Oct. 1812 Sporting Mag. XX XIX. 
187 Penton was..grounded by a doubler on the left side. 

Double-reef, v. Chiefly in pa. pple. double- 
reefed (also 8 -rift). trans. To reduce the 
spread of (a sail) by taking in two reefs. Hence 
Double-reef sé., ¢ g. ‘in double-reefs of the top- 
sails’ = with the topsails double-reefed. 

1703 Dampier Voy. IIL. iii. 133 It would blow..so that we 
could scarce carry our Top-sails double rift. 1726 Suet 
vockE Voy, round World (1757) 4 At noon we set the m 
sail double-reefed. 1833 Marryat ?. Simple xv, We were 
obliged to double-reef the topsails.. and the weather looked 
very threatening, 1857 in Merc. Mar. Mag. (1858) V. 8 
At daylight, in double-reefs of the top-sails. 

Double-ruff, a game at cards: see RUFF. 

Doublesee: see DOUBLEJEE. 


Double-shot, v. ¢azs. To load (a cannon) 
with a double quantity of shet. Also fg. 

1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch, iii, A pair of buffers..they are 
double-shotted. 1830 Marryat Avug'’s Own xvi, The 
enemy .. poured in a double-shotted.. broadside. 1853 
Trencu Proverbs iii. 49 [Proverbs] so rich in humour, so 
double-shotted with homely sense. 1859 F. A. Grirritus 
Artil. Man, (1862) 60 Double shot the gun. 

Doublet (dz blét). Forms: 4-7 dublett‘e, 
4-8 dublet, (5 doubelet, -led, dobbelet, do- 
bel(l)ett(e, dobelat, doplyt), 5-6 doblet, -ett(e, 
doublette, dow-, (6 Sc. dowblat, dwiplat), 
6-7 doublett, dowblet, 4- doublet. [a. F. 
doublet (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) something folded, 
a furred coat, etc., f. double + dim. suffix -et.] 

1. A close-fitting body-garment, with or without 
sleeves, worn by men from the 14th to the 18th 
centuries. (Rarely applied to a similar garment 
worn by women.) Oés. exc. Hist. 

(The doublet had many changes of fashion, being at one 
time with, at another without, short skirts. In its various 
sleeved and sleeveless forms, it was the prototype of the 
modern coat, jacket, and waistcoat.) 

1326 Wardr. Acc. Edw. I1,26/3 Unus doublet pro corpore 
Regis. 13.. Gaw. & Gr. Kut, 571 Dubbed in a dublet of 
a dere tars. 1489 Caxton J’aytes of A. ul. xiii. 115 They 
hadd couertly vndre theyr lytel doublettes rasers. 1548 
Hatt Chron., Hen, VI (an. 15) 135 That it was ynough for 
a woman, to judge the difference betwene the shurte and 
the dublet ofher husbande. 1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc. 
158 Dublet, and Cloke, with Plush and Veluet linde. 1740 
Gray Let. Poems (1775) 83 We should have taken it for a 
red sattin doublet. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 133 George 
Fox..travelled as a missionary .. buttoned up in a leathern 
doublet with sleeves. 

b. phr. Doublet and hose; esp. as the typical 
masculine attire; also, as a sort of undress, or 
dress for active pursuits, implying absence of the 
cloak worn for warmth and protection, or of the 
gown, coat, or cassock befitting age or dignity. 

1598 Suaks. Merry W,. 1. i. 46 And youthful still, in your 
doublet and hose, thisraw-rumatickeday? 1600— A. Y. L. 
11. iv. 6 Doublet and hose ought to show it selfe coragious 
to patvante- 1603-4 Const. §& Canons Eccl. § 74 That in 
public they go not in their Doublet and Hose, without 
Coats or Cassocks. a1654 SeLpEN Zadde-7. (Arb.) 38 One 
man can go in Doublet and Hose, when another Man can- 
not be without a Cloak. 1858 Loncr. WM. Standish 1. 3 
Clad in doublet and hose, and boots of Cordovan leather. 

+e. Doublet of defence (or fence): a body- 
armour composed of metal plates covered with 
cloth or leather; =BRIGANDINE. Ods. 

1418 £, E. Wills (1882) 37 A Doubeled of defence couered 
with red Leber. 1463 Mann. & Househ. Exp. (1841) 158 
Ffusten .. ffor to make doblettys off fence. 
Sharnebourne (Somerset Ho.), Doblette of fence. 1885 
coe ire Costume in Eng. (ed. 3) Gloss, s.v. Brigan- 

ine. 

+d. Zron or stone doublet: a prison. Obs. slang. 

1698 Fryer Acc. EZ. Ind. § P. 318 We say metaphorically, 
when any is in Prison, He has a Stone Doublet on, a 1700 
B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Iron-doublet, a Prison. ¢1720 
Lett. fr. Mist’s Frnl. (1722) 1. 227 He that will not pay 
his Debts when a few good Words will ballance his Accounts 
with his Creditor, deserves to wear a Stone Doublet all his 
Life-time. : . 

2. One of two things precisely alike or in some 
way identical ; one ofa pair or couple ; a duplicate 
copy; A/. twins. spec. b. Philol. One of two words 
(in the same language) representing the same ulti- 


1488 Will of 


DOUBLE-TONGUED. 


mate word but differentiated in form, as cloak and 
clock, fashion and faction. ©. Printing. A word 
or phrase set up a second time by mistake = DouBLE 
sb. 3h (Webster, 1864). 

[1549 Latimer 4th Sevm. bef, Edw. VI (Arb.) 107 For as 
good preachers be worthy double honour: so vnpreaching 
prelates be worthy double dishonoure: They muste be at 
theyr doublets.) 1553 I’. Witson XK het. (1580) 203 Doublettes, 
is when we rehearse one and the same worde twise together. 
Ah wretche, wretche, that lam. 1681 Grew J/useunz (J ), 
‘Those doublets on the side of his tail seem to add strength 
to the muscles which move the tail-fins. 1869 Covtezzp. 
Rev. X. 160 Doublets, i.e. double and divergent derivations 
from a common root, as, for example, va/son and ration. 
188: Skeat Etymol. Dict.175 Vhus dole is a doublet of 
deal. 1885 Athenxum g May 594 [In] Hebrew grammar.. 
there is a special dual form to express doublets. : 

3. Gaming. (pl.) a. The same number turning 
up on both the dice at a throw. 

c1450 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 56 Nowe will I begyn 
For to caste .. Take heare, I dare laye, Are dublettes, in 
good faye. a 1680 Butler Rew. (1759) II. 270 He. .seldom 
fails to throw doublets. 1835 E. SMepLEY Occilt Sc. 246 
Doublets must occasionally turn up if we are always casting 
the dice. 

+b. An old game at tables or backgammon. 

1611 Cotcr., Renette, a game at Tables of some resem- 
blance with our Doublets, or Queenes Game. 1628 arte 
Microcosm, (Arb.) 71 At tables he reaches not beyond doub- 
ets. 1684 Otway Atheist v. i. Wks. 1728 IT. 85 Farewel.. 
Seven and Eleven, Sink-Tray and the Doublets. 

4. A pair or couple. sfec. a. Sporting. Two 
birds killed at once with a double-barrelled gun. 

1816 Cor, Hawker Diary (1893) I. 146, I had eight 
doublets and bagged both my birds every time. 1837 /d7d. 
II. 129 Five glorious doublets. 

b. A combination of two simple lenses. 

1831 Brewster Oftics xli. 342 Dr. Wollaston’s microscopic 
doublet..consists of two plano-convex lenses. 1844 A. Gray 
Lett. (1893) 325, | can... see the pollen-tubes with even my 
three-line doublet! 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech.s.v., Sir John 
Herschel’s doublet consists of a double convex lens. .and of 
aplano-concave lens. .It is intended for a simple microscope. 
1880 Nature XXI. 411 The object glasses .. are doublets 
with a positive lens of quartz and a negative of Iceland 
spar. E : 

5. A counterfeit jewel composed of two pieces of 
crystal or glass cemented together with a layer of 
colour between them, or of a thin slice of a gem 
cemented on a piece of glass or inferior stone. 

1449 Churchw. Acc. St. George, Stamford (Nichols 1797) 
133 A gret croun .. garnished with stones clepyd dublets. 
c1530 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 45 Doblettes of glasse 
yeue a gret euidence, Thyng countirfet wyl faile at assay. 
1649 Lovetace Poems Ded., Vake my Garnet-Dublet Name. 
1758 Monthly Rev. 348 Various methods of counterfeiting 
gems..by coloured glass, pastes, doublets. 1887 Pad/ Mall 
G. 28 Sept. 5/1 ‘Doublets’ as they are called .. are topazes 
having a thin slice of diamond laid on the visible surface .. 
the composite stone being sold as a diamond. 

6ier 

1830 Rosson Brit. Herald Il. Gloss., Traverse or 
Doublet, is a bearing .. resembling the cheveron, which 
issues from two angles of one side of the escutcheon, and 
meets in a point about the middle of the other side; but 
without touching the line of the shield with its point, 

7. Billiards. (See quot.) 

1856 CrawLey Billiards (1859) 18 The Doublet .. is pro- 
duced by striking your own or the object ball against one of 
the cushions, so as to make it rebound to an opposite pocket 
or ball. 

8. attrib, and Comdé. (sense 1). 

1513 More Rich. //1 (1883) 47 He plucked vp hys doublet 
sleue to his elbow. 1523 Lp. Berners /'ro7ss. I. ccclxxxiv, 
A dowblette maker of London. 1675 J. Pyncuon in Mather 
K. Philif’s War (1862) 245, I pray you send down by the 
post my doublet coat. 

Hence Dow'bleted a., clad ina doublet ; + Dou- 
pleting s/., ? stuff for doublets (cf. ¢rousering). 

1575 Act Gen. Assembly in Henderson Old World 
Scotland (1893) 163 All Kinde of gowning, cutting, doublet- 
ting, or breekes of Velvet. 1858 HawtHorne Ancestral 
Footsteps (1883) 495 Doubletted and beruffled knightly 
shades of Queen Elizabeth’s time. 

Double-tho'ng, v. ¢ravs. To strike with the 
doubled thong of awhip. Hence Double-tho-nger, 
a stroke thus given (co//og.). 

31856 Wuyte Metvitte Kate Cov. xix, Double-thonging 
the off wheeler most unmercifully, 1890 BoLtprewoop 
Colonial Ref. (1891) 187 With a shout, a double-thonger, 
half a dozen wild plunges ..the team settled down .. to 
something like racing speed. 

+ Double-tongue. 0s. 

1. Duplicity or deceitfulness of speech. (Properly 
two words, double tongue: see DOUBLE a. §.) 

¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. T. P 570 pe sinne of double tonge 
suche as speken faire biforn folk and wikkedly bihynde. 
14.. [see DouBLe a. 5]. 

% Herb. The shrub Ruscus Hypoglossum; so 
called from the leaves springing from the middle 
of the leaf-like stalks or phyllodes. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens v1. xiii. 674 Double tongue hath .. 
thicke brownish leaues..vppon the whiche there groweth 
in the midle of euery leafe another smal leafe fashioned like 
atongue. x60x Hottanp Pliny II. 284 marg., Bislingua. 
Horse-tongue, or Double-tongue. 

Double-tongue, v. : see TONGUE. 

Double-tongued (-tvyd), a. [cf. DouBLe a. 
5.] Speaking contrary or inconsistent things ; 
deceitful or insincere in speech. 

1382 Wyciir x Zim. iii, 8 It byhoueth dekenes for to be 


DOUBLING, 


chats not dowble tungid. 1483 Cath. A 110/2 Du! ~ 
tongs § re: . bilinguts. 1§33 gor Richt 

y tl ar doubel tungit the quhilk sais ane thing 
now, and poy ane oder thing. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton 
xvi, Thou art but a double-tongued Christian, I doubt. 1849 
Grote Greece 1. Ixviii. 1862) I. 114 ‘ Lhe double-tongu 


and all-objecting Zeno.’ 

Doubling (dr-blin), v0/. sb. [4NGl] The 
action of the verb DouBLg, or its result.. ; 

1. Twofold increase, multiplication by two, dupli- 
cation ; + repetition (ods.). 

Bg Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xxiii. (1495) 361 
Reflexion and rebound iynge and dowblynge of the sonne 
bemes. 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 29 A Mechanicall Dubblyng 
of the C oa 1603 Knoites / ist. Turks (1638) 221 ‘To 
the doubling of hes i 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, 
Ability Wks. (Bohn) II. 44 The rapid doubling o' the popu- 
lation. 

b. Brewing and Distilling. 
Lond. & Country Brew. w. 266 They. .use their next 
smaft Wort instead of the first Water for pew 


(See quots.) 


Ale or 
moze Strong Beer from fresh Malt, which they call 
Doubling. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., ” Doubling. 1. The 


second distillation of low wines. : 

2. concr. The lining of a garment; esp. in 
Heraldry. 

1572 Bossewett Armorie 1. 79b, In Armes it is called 
Ermyne..In Mantles (as M. ‘& Leyghe sayeth) they are 
called doblin es. 1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1, iv. (1611) 12 
Doublings or linings of roabes. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S?, 
Gt. Brit. 1, m. iii, A Viscount’s mantle hath two doublings 
and a half of plain white fur. 1809 J. Home in Naval 
Chron. XXIV. 193 A mantling gules, the doubling argent. 

3. Naut. a. A piece of timber fitted on to the 
bitts; fir-lining. b. The covering or lining of a 
ship with an extra layer of planking; the extra layer 
itself. ¢@. The double-seamed border or edging of 
asail. d. £/. That part of a mast between the 
trestletrees and the cap. 

1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789\, Coussin de bittes, the 
fir-lining or doubling of the bits. 1835 Sir J. Ross Narr. 
and Voy. ii. 11 Such effects are very apt to follow the 
doubling of vessels, 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 450/1 The 
lower part of the luff..laced..to the doubtings of the mast. 

4. Building. (See quots.) 

ae -76 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Doubling, a term 
used in Scotland to denote eaves’ boards. 


1874 Knicut 
Dict. Mech., Doubling .. 2. The double course of shingles 
or slates at the eave of a house. 
5. The folding of any substance; a fold. 


1634 Peacuam Gentl. Exerc. 1. xiii. 43 Giving to every 
fold his proper naturall doubling. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 
141 A kind of hem or doubling of the leaf. 1703 Moxon 
Mech. Exerc. 9 When you double up your Iron..to make it 
thick enough. .and..work in the denbling g into one another, 
and make it .. one lump. Se 5 Bain Senses & Int. u. ii. 
§ 11 The structure is so arranged by ramifications and doub- 
lings as to present a very extensive surface to the air. 

6. A sudden turn in running; fig. an cvasion, 
a shift ; deceitful or tricky action, double dealing. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 26 Your wurship 
mai the better conceive there hole dealing and dubling with 
me. 1612 Sprep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. (1632) 715 Pestred 
with the doublings of Lawyers. 1674 N. Cox Gentd. Recreat. 
1.(1677) 92 When Hounds hunt a Female-Hare, she will use 
more Crossi ing and Doubling. 1750 Jounson Rambler 
No, 31 ? 8 Mean doublings to escape the pursuit of 
erick, 1855 Macauay //ist. Eng. 1V. 189 To trace all 
the turns and doublings of his course. . would be wearisome. 

7. attrib. (various technical senses : see the vb.). 
17 FALCONER Dict. Marine (1789\, Clous des sabords, 
doubling-nails, to line the gun-ports. 1774 Hull Dock Act 
25 Doubling planks that may be wrought upon the sides. 
1875 Ure's Dict, Arts III. 793 (Silk Manuf.) The motions 
are given to the doubling-machine in a very simple way. 
Dowbling, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-ING?.] That 
doubles, in various senses. 

1. Making, or becoming, twice as much; in- 
creasing twofold; repeating, resounding, echoing ; 
‘+ stammering (quot. 1621). 

1598 Sytvester Du Bartas ui. i. wv. Handy-crafts (1621) 
228 He makes the trampled ground .. shake with doubling 
sound, 16ax Quares Argalus § P. (1678) 23 Tears. . whose 
violence nt fA Th’ intended passage of her doubling 
tongue, 1 4 N . Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (16 Heads 
having doubling “Croches, are called Forked pe 171% 
Pore Temp. eget 33 Thro’ the big dome the doublin 
— bounds. Cavatto in PAil. Trans. LXXVIIL. 

Experiments mass with those — or multi lying 
i 180r Youne 7bid. XCII. 45 Doubling [=double- 
refractin ] spars. 
olding, bending. 
ie Hersert Temple, Longing i, With doubling 
koeet and weary bones. 

3. Turning suddenly in running; fig. evasive. 

xs8r Mutcaster Positions xxxvii, (1887) 164 Deepe dis- 
sembling and dubling hypocrisie. 16; ARLES Lmmbi. 1. 
iv. (1718) 201 The hindmost hound oft takes the doublin’ 
hare. 1735 SomeRVILLE Chase 1. 17 Af Steps revers’ 
- forms the doubling Maze. 1738 H . Warrote Let. to 

H. S. Conway 15 Nov., Lord gmont was doubling, 
absurd, and obscure. 

Doubloon (dublin). Also H doblone, dub- 
lion, 8 doublon, doblon. [a. F. doud/on, or ah 
doblon, augm. of doble Dousts.] A Spanish gold 
coin, originally double the value of a pistole, i.e. 
=33 to 36 shillings English ; now worth a little 
more than £1. 

1622 Manne tr. Aleman's Guzman d’ Alf II. n. viii. 170, 
I gave him sixe Doblones of two. 1719 De For Crusoe 1. 
xii, Six doubloons of gold. 17a7-5r Cuampers Cyc/. s.v., 


616 


There are also double dubloons now current. .for 3 ) eg 
12 shillings. 1745 P. Tuomas 9rné. Anson's Voy. App. 5 
Dollars 540/. Troy and Double 20%. 1755 JOHNSON, 
Doublon, 1862 London Rev. 30 my 197 A minute search 
is easily pi d by thei onS 
officials. 

|| Doublure (dubli-r). [F. doublure lining, f. 
doubler to DovuBLg, line.]_ An ornamental lining, 
usually of leather, on the inside of a book-cover. 

1886 Pall Mall G. 24 Nov. 6/2 With a doublure (this is the 
term applied to the elaborated inside faces of the cover) of 
crimson morocco. 1 Bookseller's Catal., Bound in 
Brocade of the Eighteenth Century, the cloth cover with 
the Artist’s design in gold used as a doublure. 
Zarunsporr Sh. Hist. Bookbinding 22 To Badier is 
the first use of doublures (1703). 

Doubly (dz bli), adv. [f. DouBLe a. +-Ly 2.] 

1. In a double or twofold manner or degree; in 
me ways, or twice as much. 

ie og Wycuir Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 386 Here we synnen 
doubli. ¢1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1172 Two tables of the 
commandements dowbly in oure lady sawle ware. +598 
Suaks. Rich. 1/, 1. iii. 80 Thy blowes, doubly redoubl: 
1789 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 14 Jan., I was now doubly 
ey 1834 Mrs. Somervitte Connex. Phys. Sc. xxv. 
ubly refracting substances. 

2. With duplicity, deceitfully. ? Ods. 

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ui. xxvi. (1869) 150 False 
mesures ae yseth doubleliche. cx R. Sow i Answ. 
Cartwright 2 Let him not deale doubly with vs. Gree 
Foot out of Snare 77 Hee had no reason to speak on lely. 
1748 RicHArpson Clarissa (1811) IIL. xxxi. 186 They lay a 
man under a necessity to deal doubly with them ! 

Doubt (daut), 54.1 Forms: 3-4 dut(e, (4 dote), 
3-6 doute, (4-6 dowt(e, douj3t'e, dought(e, 
dowght), 4-7 dout, 5- doubt, (5-6 doubte, 6 
dubte, dowbt). [ME. a. OF. dute, dote, doute, 
vbl. sb. f. douter to Doust. The spelling dou3te, 
dought, arose from the spoken identity, which per 
contra caused DouGury to be spelt doudty. As to 
the mod. spelling with 4, see Doust v.] 

1. The (subjective) state of mncertainty with 
regard to the truth or reality of anything; un- 
decidedness of belief or opinion. With f/.: A 
feeling of uncertainty as to something. 

ai225 Leg. Kath. 2463 Ne beo pu na ping o dute Of al 
bet tu ibeden hauest. c1300 Beket 375 Thanne was the 
Bischop in gret doute what were therof to done. c¢ 1400 
Mavunpev. (Roxb.) xiii. 57 Pou man of litil faith, whi had 
pou doute? 1483 Cath. Angi. teal A Dowte, ambiguitas, 
dubietas, dubttacio, dubium. W. Cuxnincuam Cos- 
mogr. Glasse 17 Your wordes ed me ina doubt. 1576 
FLeminc Panofpl. Epist. 17 You ought not to stand in 
doubt. 1585 Q. Exiz. in y C. Eng. Lett. 29, 1 write 
not this, my deare brother, for dout. 1606 Suaxs. 77. & 
Cr. 1. ii. 16 Modest Doubt is cal’d The Beacon of the wise. 
1708 Stannore Paraphr. (1709 1V.67'To remove all Remains 
of Unbelief and Doubt. 1779 Cowrer Hymn, ‘ When 
darkness long’ i, The foll iy doubts and fears. 1850 
Tennyson /n Mem. xcvi, 2 Ad ives more faith in honest 
doubt, Believe me, than in half the creeds. — 

The condition of being (objectively) un- 
certain ; a state of affairs such as to give occasion 
for hesitation or uncertainty. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 22612 (Gott.) Saint paul it sais, it es na 
dute. 1375 Barsour Bruce xiv. 207 Quhill eftir myd-morne, 
the fichting Lestit, in-till sic ane dout. 1678 Drypen Ad/ 
Sor Love w.i. (Seager) Like A polished glass held to the 
lips, when life's In doubt. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 11, 
v. vi. 556 It. pies ht in doubt the sincerity of the former 

rofessions. Sir A. Kexewicu in Law /imes Rep. 
PXVIL aie ro a case of this kind I think I ought to give 
the defendant the benefit of the doubt. 

+2. A matter or point involved in uncertainty ; 
a doubtful question ; a difficulty. Ods. 

¢ 1374 CHAUCER Boeth. Iv. pr. vi. 134 Whan oon doute is 
determined and kut awey ber wexen ober doutes wibouten 
noumbre. ereer Barth, De P. R. xvi. xlvii. (1495) 
569 No man shal wene that it is doubt or fals that god hath 
sette vertue in precyous stones. 1581 Prrrie Guasso's 
Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 41 b, Who will..now and then ae 
such doubtfull doubtes. 1693 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 
You doe Likewise aire that the greatest bodie of lew 
“3 — .-by Mr. penn, which is a doubt. 

prehension, dread, fear. Obs. 
———— 28 For dute of dente. 3 

iow He nadde of no prince in loute, ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? Oonly for ne doute of Thesu 
Crist. gi Rolls v- rit. il, 6so/a I havyng doute of 
harme of my body. .dyd guage gy c1 
Caxton Sonnes Aymon iii, 8r For doubte to be be 
he spored his horse. a1§33 Lp. Berners //uon xcv. 

Lg Boing dare not, for dought of Kyng Charlemayne. 

ELL Jmpr. of Sea 511 Being in many fears and doubts 
of starving. 

+b. A thing to be dreaded ; danger, risk. Ods. 

13.. Coer de L. 2922 It is gret doute he schal us wynne ! 
¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 134 1 t ilke remile pe 
brayn panne per is a greet pated in pe caas, cael Seavate 

PO. v. xi. 47 How ever strong and stout They were, as well 
spr “din many a doubt. 

Phrases: a. 7o make doubt: +(a) to hesi- 
tate, to scruple (o4s.); (6) to doubt, to be un- 
certain, b. No doubt: undoubtedly, doubtless. 
+c. Out of doubt: without doubt, doubtless (oAs.). 
da. Without doubt > (a) certainly, undoubtedly ; 
+ (4) without fear, fearlessly (ods.). 

& 1586 T. B. La Primaud, Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) es 
Boleslaus the seconde..made no doubt to take women 
violence from their husbands. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. y | 
xxii, 264, I make some doubt, whether the. 


R. wren 


- Proclamation. . 


DOUBT. 
Jove ae te 
aan ot And. bo rhe dowte.. 


rete Bats 


v YCLIF 


voerl was ..to the entire Satisfaction of five or six 
~ doubt) disinterested M Exam. 
Feb. 5/1 No doubt it was adroit, but the adroitness was 


a vu 

Cc. ¢1340 Cursor M. 2276 (Trin.) 
doute. 1459 Paston Lett. No. 323 I. 436 As I schal owt of 
dowght her after doo. 1577 S¢. “Aug. Manual (Longm.) 
111 Out of a ge eos soule shall not suffise to 
reioise to the fu’ 1656 CromweLt Sf. 17 Sept., Whose 
ends have, out , been what I told you. 

d. a1300 Cursor uw. 2053 (Cott. Cone, wit-outen dout 
Sal be his brothers. vnderlote. 


it story telleb out of 


Ibid. 655 ce a 
again, wit-vten dute. cxg10 Sir Cleges 44 Rech 
Schulde be there wythoutton dought. 1556 ane $ pfoah 


(1608) D ij, Withouten doute I sholde merite to lease y 

1674 tr. ey iy Lapland 64 This Henricus..was wit! a 
doubt. . ead of the Birkati. 1895 F. Hatt 720 7riffes 
vii, es doubt, in the judgment of many. . he has done so. 

5. Comb. 

1649 G. Danitet Trinarch., Hen. V, cxliv, His doubt- 
rpg BA jetie has yet a farther Quest. a 1656 Br. Haut 
Rem. Wks. (1660) inst these doubt 
Tablet 7 Dec. go1 #4 doubt-excluding certainty requi 

+ Doubt, 54.2 Obs. rare—*. A redoubt. 

¢161r Cuarpman //iad xu, 286 This doubt downe, that now 
betwixt us stands, 

Doubt (daut), v. Forms: see Dovst sd.1 Pa. t. 
and pple. doubted (also 4 dutte, 4-5 dut(e, 
5 doute, (dought), pa. pple. 4-5 ydouted). [ME. 
dutest, douten, a. OF. duter, doter, douter, (14- 
16th c. also doubter):—L. dubitare to waver in 
opinion, hesitate, related to dudius wavering to 
and fro, DuBious. The normal 14th c. forms in 
Fr. and Eng. were douter, doute; the influence of 
Latin caused these to be artificially spelt douédr-, 
which in 17th c. was again abandoned in Fr., but 
retained in Fog. 

Branch II ‘to fear, to be in fear’, a development of the 
verb in OF., was an early and hips prominent sense of the 
vb. and its derivatives in ME. : cf. also Repovst, etc.] 

I. 1. intr. To be in doubt or uncertainty ; to 
be wavering or undecided in opinion or belief. 
Const. of (tat, + 7). 

1300 Cursor M. 21090 (Edin.) [Thomas Didymus] 
lange he dutid in pe richte. ¢ 1325 Metr. Hom. 100 Of his 
birth douted thainoht. 1382 Wycur Luke ix. 8 He doutide, 
for that it was seid of sum men, for Joon roos fro deede 
men. 1523 Lp. Berners F7viss. I. —— 216 There was 
none that ought to dout in hym. Biste (Great), 
Matt. xxviii. 17 But some douted. 3 Cranmer Conf. 
Unwrit. Verities in St Eccl. Mem. Wi. App. AA, 97 
Elegie peep | — them h-d, we, Eine. Wedeet it 5 
not lawful to doubt atthem. a@ ustin Medit, (16: 
178 Hee that never doubted, scarce ever well. I-beleeved. 
1768 Beattie Mins(r. 1. xlvii, But let us hope ; to doubt is 
torebel. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 6. 519 Who never 
doubted of the final triumph of freedom and the law. 

2. ‘rans. To be uncertain or divided in opinion 
about; to hesitate to believe or trust; to feel doubt 
arp ; to call in question ; to apa ol 

Cursor M. 22811 (Trin, Who so dout a 
el more. Fasyan me II. cexli, (R. 
a. 0 douted those wordes. sts More in Grafton 
rar IL. 828 Diverse of his — e oe 
AS 


3 
Bilen to Paris on He.. The beauty doubted, but 
the wife. 1780 Harris PAilol. Eng. Wks. (1841) 461 — 
ates doubted some beg 3 therefore Arcesilas ai 
neades doubted all. 1797 M RS. —— Tallon i ii, Sy 
lord, you have — bted_ my word. Emerson 
Eng. Traits, Char, Wks. (Bohn) IL. 3 ‘They doubt a man’s 
sound judgment if he does not eat with appetite. 
b. with clause, introduced by whether, tf, that. 
(Often with but, but that, when the main clause is 


negative or interrogative: see Bur conj. 21.) 


+ Also eS with inf. 
x Brunne Handl. Synne 857 H welts doutede 
wean Wheber he shuld ryse ornoun, AMPoLE Pr 
pgp ges to Sanwa tn Cenham Carve. te 568) II. 824 Not 
ral 1 
doubt Gor that. -he should finde him fa’ se i o 586 A. 
Day a ay 1. (1625) 130 Doubting howe to hone 4 pwns 


= Butter Hud. u. iii, 1029, 1 do not doubt To 
d Tends t that will bear me out. 1712 SreeLe Sfect. No. 
6P Papo tmmy img cog tas polite 
a Notion as any in the Wor Setwyn Law 
Nisé Prius (ed. 4) U1. pore, It —_ a doubted, but that 
one partner might bind 1858 HAwTHorNe Fr. 
2S It. Fras. (1892) I. % a te whether English omer 
better. x B, Taytor Faust (1875) 11 4 
Schiller doubt "that a tic measure could be fi 
capable of holding Goethe's plan, 1891 Law Times XCII. 
107/1 The master doubted if all remedies were not barred 


“A the lapse of time. 
8. To hesitate, scruple, delay: with i 
sibs Cat Angl. 1 'o Dowte; cunctari .. herere, 


hesare. 1849-62 Stexnnoin & H. Ps. |. 3 Our God God shall 
come in hast, to speake he shall not doubt. 1576 Freminc 
—— Epist. 7, 1 dout not to request and be- 
seeche you, to returne. 1655 Stantey Hist. Philos. 1. 
Gren) 83 Plato doubteth not to write in this manner. 
1ELDING Yourn. 1. ii, Mr. Locke hath not doubted to 
ate that you may see a spirit in open 
ee, To cause to doubt, xt, make oubtful. 
-e utter Pr. Wks. (1889) I. 20 This, he says, some- 
what doubted him at first, as the book was not canonical, 


te wi ee , 


DOUBTABLE. 


- II. 5. ‘vans. To dread, fear, be afraid of. + a. 
with simple object. Ods. 

1225 Ancr. R. 244 Pe deouel of helle duted ham swude. 
1297 R. Grove. (1724) 276 Edmond. .doutede God poru alle 
thyng. 1300 Cursor M. 12571 (Cott.) Pai him luued and 
doted ai. ¢c1400 Dest? Troy 13834 Myche dut he his 
dreme, & dred hym perfore. a1450 Ant. de da Tour 
xxxiv. 48 Ye shulde love and doute your husbonde. 1523 
Lp. Berners Frofss. I. xxix. 43 He made many to be 
slayne, wherby he was so doughted. c 1630 Rispon Surv. 
Devon § 329 (1810) 339 St. Ann’s Chapel is .. very near the 
sea, yet doubts not drowning. 1664 /Vlodden F. v. 46 No 
English-man Scots more did doubt. igs 

pb. With infinitive phrase or objective clause: 
To fear, be afraid (that something uncertain will 
take or has taken place). arch. and déal. 

ar Cursor M. 10869 (Cott.) Pis leuedi nathing doted 
sco pat godd ne moght his will do. /d#d. 15171 (Cott.) Pe 
fleche was dutand for to dei. c1450 A7erdin 6 He dought 
that he myght not wynne hem. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 
265 They doubted to fall in their handes. 1583 Hotty- 
BAND Campo di Fior 309, I doubt lest we are gone out of 
the waye. 1665 Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 171 Doubting 
that all will break in pieces in the kingdom. | 1712 
W. Rocers oy. 237, 1 doubt not any ones contradicting 
this Journal, 18x6 Scorr Av/ig. vii, But I doubt, I doubt, 
I have been beguiled. 1820 Suectey Let, Pr. Wks. 1888 
II. 321, I doubt that they will not contain the latest and 
most important news. J/od. diad. I doubt we are too late. 

6. In weakened sense (app. influenced by I.) : 
a. To anticipate with apprehension, to apprehend 
(something feared or undesired). 

1509 Barciay Shy of Folys (1874) I. 190 Ay dowting deth 
by cursed gyle and treason. 1598 GreNEWEY Zacitus’ Ann. 
1. xii, Doubting nothing more then least they should shift 
off the battell for feare. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. u. ii. 588 
Still I must doubt some Mystery of Mischief. 1810 Scorr 
Lady of L. v. xi, Fear nought—nay, that I need not say— 
But—doubt not aught from mine array. 1838 Prescorr 
Ferd. & [s 11. i. 11. 365 They doubted some sinister motive, 
or deeper policy than appeared in the conduct of the French 

ing. 

b. To suspect, have suspicions about. arch. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 88 Before. .doubting 
the malicious dealings of the adverse parties against me. 
1603 Knoites fist. Vurks (1621) 865 The defendants 
doubting such a matter, by diligent listening. discovered 
their works, 1875 HoweELts Foregone Conc. 17 Don Ippo- 
lito, whom he had begun by doubting for a spy. 

¢. with infin. phrase or clause: To apprehend; to 


suspect. arch. ; 

1574 Hytu Conject. Weather ii, The pinne or web is like- 
wise to be doubted to happen in that yeare. 1598 GRENEWEY 
Tacitus’ Ann. 1. iv. (1622) 6 Some perill might ensue, if he 
should doubt that they perceiued his dissimulation, 1705 
Wes ey in Hearne Collect. 28 Sept., My Flax [was] I doubt 
willfully fir'd and burnt. 1879 Trottope Thackeray 148, 
I doubt that Thackeray did not write the Latin epitaph. 

+ 7. reft. To fear; to be afraid. [=OF. se douter.] 
Cf. Fear v. 3. Obs. or arch. 

<aer Cursor M. 6656 (Cott.) His folk..duted bam to 
cum him nerr. c1330 R. Brunne Chvon. (1810) 41 Doute 
pe of non enmys, pat comes vp on be. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 
12918 Ho dout hir full deply, for drede of be kyng. 1523 
Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccxvili. 278, I doubte me nothynge of 
them. 1607 SHaks. 7%07 1. ii. 159 Faith..would not hold 
taking, I doubt me. 1820 Scorr Afoxast, vii, I doubt me 
his wits have gone a bell-wavering by the road. 

+8. zutr. To be in fear; to be afraid of. Obs. 

a@1300 Cursor M. 1334 (Gitt.) He loked..And sau thinges 

at gert him dute. c¢1340 /dzd. 21870 (‘Trin.) Mony mon 

rof shal doute. ¢c1g00 Lancelot 1827 It..makith realmys 
and puple boith to dout. 1 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 94 
Help al men quhilk ar vexit in thair hartt doutand for thair 
sinnis. 1§77-87 HotinsHEp Chron. II. 19 The French king 
who now began to doubt of the puissance of king William, 
as foreseeing how much it might preiudice him. 

+b. Zo doubt of: to fear for, be in fear about. 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl, Hist. (1619) 38 Euery one 
dou ted of his owne life. 

+9. impers. To make (a person) afraid. Zo de 
doubted, to be afraid. Ods. 

¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 93 Hym ne douteth ofno breche Of Godes 
hestes healde. a 1400-s0 Alexander 3555 (MS. Ashm.) All 
driztens & dewessis ere dute of my name. 1490 Plusmpton 
Corr. 96, I am douted that he vary from his grant. a@ 1619 
Foruersy A ¢heom. Pref. (1622) 16 It's want of reason, or 
it’s reasons want Which doubts the minde, and Judgment so 
doth daunt. @x625 Frercuer Bonduca 1. ii, The virtues 
of the valiant Caratach, More doubts me than all Britain. 

Doubtable (dau'tab’l), 2. Forms: see Doust 
sh. [ME. doutable, a. obs. F. dowtable causing 
fear, terrible, having fear, doubtful (Godef.), ad. 
L. dubitabil-is, after douter to DouBT: see -ABLE.] 

1. That may be doubted; doubtful, uncertain, 
questionable, dubitable. 

c 3400 Row, Rose 5413 If thee thynke it is doutable, It is 
thurgh argument provable. cxgoo Maunpev. (1839) xvi. 
172 To have Juggement of doutable Causes. 1483 Caxton 
Gold. Leg. 388 b/t Answer not by doubtable wordes. 
1627 Fev_tuam Resolves 11. (1628) £53 "ris not doutable, but 
that the mind is working, in the dullest depth of sleep. 
1885 W. Knicut Hume 105 Descartes virtually said, ex- 
haust the sphere of the doubtable. 

+2. To be dreaded ; redoubtable, dread. Ods. 

©1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. xiv. (1554) 29 b, The mountaih, by 
force he hath assured, Which for brigantes afore was ful 
doubtable, 1478 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 51 Cartage, the vic- 
torioux cite of gret renomme, most doubtable, ¢ 1530 Lp. 
Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 345 She hathe frendes 
ryghte hye and doubtable. 

+ Dou'btance. Ods.. [ME. dot-, doutance, a. 
obs. F. doutance, f. douter to DouBT : see -ANCE.] 

Vot. III. 


617 


1. Doubt, uncertainty, hesitation. 

[x292 Britton ut. vi. § 2 Le seignur .. de ceo soit en 
dotaunce par acun qi se profre pur dreit heir.] c 1325 
Chron. Eng. 497 Vhilke he spende saunt{z] dotaunce. 
€1374 Cuaucer Troylus iv. 1016 (1044) Out of doutaunce, 
I may wel maken..My resonynge. 1483 Caxton Goéd. 
Leg. t10b/t Herof no man shold haue doubtaunce. 1529 
Lynpvesay Complaynt 5, 1 stand in gret dowtance. 

2 Fear, dread. 

13.. Coer de L. 1862 Have ye no doutance Of all these 
English cowards. a1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. 322 
He that of no thyng hath dotaunce. 1484 Caxton Chivalry 
67 Doubtance affeblysshyth strengthe of courage. 

Doubted (dau tid), Af/. a. [f. Dousr v.] 

+1. Feared, dreaded, redoubted. Ods. 

¢1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 1. 15 Most dowtyd man, I am, 
1523 Lp. Bexners /7oiss. I. Ixxvii. 98 ‘The moste douted 
and honoured prince. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Oct. 41 
Doubted Knights, whose woundlesse armour rusts. 

+2. Uncertain, doubtful. Ods. 

1563 Foxe A. & AZ. 808a, The sayde byshoppe..in hys 
sayde sermon. . handled them in doubted sorte. 

3. Called in question ; questioned, disputed. 

1795 MacKnicut Afostolic Epistles (1820) IV. 148 The 
Pie er epistles were very early known. 

Hence Dou'btedly cdv., in a.doubted or doubtful 
manner ; doubtfully : opp. to zdoubtedly. 

1584 7. IWVilson's Rhet, 108 That nothing be doubtedly 
[earlier edd. doubtfully] spoken, which maie haue a double 
meanyng. 1635 Pacitr CAristianogr. 1. (1646) 130 Those 
that are doubtedly beleevers. 

Dow'bter. [f.as prec. + -ER!.] One who doubts; 
one who is uncertain or in doubt. 

1603 Fiorio Afontaigne 1. xii. (1632) 294 Some have 
judged Plato a Dogmatist, others a Skeptike or a Doubter. 
1682 Bunyan Holy IVar xi, Diabolus .. his army consisted 
all of Doubters. /é/d., he third captain was Captain 
Damnation: he was captain over the grace doubters. 1751-73 
Jortin Eccl. Hist. (R.), Obliged to answer doubters and 
cavillers. 1852 JeRDAN Axtobiog. II. xix. 264 A much 
more respectable doubter of my statements. 


Doubtful (dau t{il), a. [f. Dousr sd. +-Fut.] 

1. Of things: Involved in doubt or uncertainty ; 
uncertain, undecided ; indistinct, ambiguous. 

1388 Wycuir Ezek. xii. 24 Nether bifor tellyng of thing 
to comynge schal be douteful. ¢1440 Promp, Parv. 129/2 
Dowtefulle, dubius, ambiguus. 1513 More in Grafton 
Chron. (1568) 11. 762 Whereof he wist the ende was 
doubtfull, 1530 Patscr. 66 Sometyme as masculynes, 
sometyme as femynines: and therfore I calle theym of the 
doutfull gendre. xgsx ‘TI. Witson Legike (1580) 64), 
Deceiptfull arguments when a doubtfull worde is used. 
1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, tv. iv. 493 You haue no cause to hold 
my friendship doubtfull. 1669 Gane Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. x. 
56 Whether he were a God or man, is doutful. 1712 App1- 
son Sect. No. 470 P 1 A doubtful Passage in a Latin Poet. 
1839 THirtwatt Greece VI. 93 It is very doubtful whether 
he saw Aristotle again. 1844-57 G. Biro Urin. Defosits 
(ed. 5) 131 Highly coloured deposits..of doubtful origin, 

b. Of uncertain issue. 

1562 J. SHute Cambine's Turk. Wars 14 The battayle 
was so doubtefull, that of neyther syde was there seane 
any advantage. 1665 Mantey Grofius Low C. Warres 673 
And try the doubtful Chance of War. 1795 SoutnEy Foan 
of Arc vi. 342 Yet the fight Hung doubtful. 1813 Scotr 
Rokeby 1, xix, 1 watched him through the doubtful fray. 

ce. Of questionable or equivocal character. 

1838 Prescorr Ferd. § Js. 1. xvi. III. 253 She never em- 
ployed doubtful agents or sinister measures. 1884 G. ALLEN 
Philistia 1, 3 A shabby composite tenement in a doubtful 
district of Marylebone. 

dad. Pros. Of varying quantity; that may be 
either long or short. 

1871 Public Sch. Lat. Gram. § 218 Syllables which might 
. ,be either long or short, are called Doubtful. 

2. Of persons: Divided or unsettled in opinion ; 
in doubt ; undetermined, uncertain, hesitating. 

1sog Fisner Fun. Serm. C’tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 
292 Doutfull in her mynde, what she were best to do. 
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 213 b, How good counseyle 
they haue gyuen to the doutfull. 1576 FLeminc Panofd. 
Epist. 81 note, He was doubtfull howe Czsar would take 
his doings. 1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 281 The 
king was doubtful, and could not resolve. 1858 Froupe 
Hist. Eng. U1. xiii. 122 He was doubtful of the prospects 
of the rebellion, and doubtful of his own conduct. 1875 
Jowrrr Plato (ed. 2) V. 122 He was doubtful .. whether 
the ideal. .state could be realized. 

+8. ‘To be dreaded or feared; awful, dread. Ods. 

1397-8 in Gregory's Chron. in Hist. Coll. Citizen Lond. 
(Camden) 98 To oure excellent ryght dowtfulle soverayne. 
Lbid. oesie excellent and doughtfulle ryalle mageste. 
1555-6 in W. H. Turner Select, Rec. Oxford (1880) 240 The 
unfortunate end and doubtful tragedy of T. C. 

+4. Giving cause for apprehensions. Ods. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 100 A crampe..pat is douteful 
or dredeful todoawey. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 
II. 822 That all thinges doubtfull should of his friendes be 
prudently forseen. 1637 Heywoop Royal Ship 22 Worthily 
they have demeaned themselves .. eyther in doubtfull dis- 
coveries, or more dangerous Naumachies or Sea-fights. 1776 
Gisson Decl. & F. 1. 324 The consul. .reported the doubtful 
and dangerous situation of the empire, 

+5. Full of fear or apprehension; apprehen- 
sive. Ods. 

1548 Hatt Chron. Edw. IV (an. 14) 233b, Privilie 
enformed of y® French kinges doubtfull imaginacion. _ 15; 
Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 294 Home when the doubthalt 
Damme had her hyde. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 
79 All this great fight the Constantinopolitanes beheld, with 
doubtfull hearts. 1723 De For Col. Yack (1840) 156, I am 
doubtful that you may not believe. 1791 Burke Corr. 
(1844) III. 253, I hear things which make me doubtful and 
anxious, though not afraid, absolutely, 


DOUBTLESS. 


6. as sh. A doubtful person or thing. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie i. xix. (Arb.) 234 Aporia or 
the Doubtfull. 1861 Gen. P. THompson A udé A/t. IIL. clxiv. 
183 Whereby union might be effected..and the mass of 
doubtfuls brought into play. 1892 Pall Mall G. 4 Mar. 
7/1 Vhe issue of the battle might rest with the ‘doubtfuls ’. 

Dow btfully, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina 
doubtful, uncertain, or ambiguous manner ; hesi- 
tatingly, ambiguously, indistinctly. 

I 3 Cath. Angl, 106/1 Dowtfully, ambigue..dubie. 155% 
T. Witson Logrke (1580) 66b, When sentences bee spoken 
doubtfully, that thei maie be construed two maner of waies. 
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 2 Had our famous Muffet but 
seen them..he would not have spoke so doubtfully. 1804 
J. Graname Sabbath 168 The watcher's ear Caught doubt- 
fully at times the breeze-borne note. 1838 Dickens Nich. 
Nick, xiii, He shook his head doubtfully. 


Dou'btfulness. [f. as prec. +-NESS.] 

1. The quality of being doubtful: a. Objective un- 
certainty of meaning or issue; ambiguity, obscurity. 

1530 Patscr. 215/1 Doutfulnesse, amébiguité. 551 ‘I’. 
Witson Logike (1580) 65 b, Of no one thyng riseth so muche 
controversie, as of the doubtfulnesse, and double takyng of 
a worde. 1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. u. (R.) 
What are the causes and remedies of the doubtfulness and 
uncertainty of law? 1709 Brit. Apollo I. No. 77. 2/1 Vhere 
is no Doubtfulness in the Case, 1885 Law Times 28 Mar. 
387/1 The other point was of greater doubtfulness. 

b. Subjective uncertainty; undecidedness of 
mind; want of assured opinion; distrust. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 128b, Dulnesse of 
spiryte, and doubtfulnesse in conscyence. 1663 Prerys 
Diary 24 Sept., I rather hope it is my doubtfulness of 
myself. 1736 Butter Aad, u. i, Wks. 1874 I. 151 The 
doubtfulness of some of the greatest men, concerning things 
of the utmost importance. 1829 Soutnry Vewsan vi, The 
purpose..was entertain’d With doubtfulness and fear, 

+e. Apprehension. Ods. 

1576 FLteminc Panopl. Epist. 49 That whiche did not only 
offer unto me occasion of doutfulnesse, but troubled me also 
with much feare. 

+2. The quality of giving ground for fear. Ods. 

1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist, 267 If the disease have in it 
much difficultie and doubtfulnesse. 1606 G. W(oopcock: } 
tr. Hist. [vstine 94a, Troubled with the doubtfulnesse of 
the danger. E 

Dow bting, v/. 5d. [f. Dovsr v. + -1xc1!.] 
The action of the verb Dovusr; feeling of uncer- 
tainty, hesitation ; + apprehension, fear. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xiv. 230 The gud erll had gret 
dowtyne That of thair men suld dronken be. 1486 Surtevs 
Misc. (1890) 57 Have you no drede nor no dowting. 153 
Fritu Ydgm. upon Tracy (1829) 247 Vhere can be no 
doubting or mistrust. @1628 Preston Hffectual Fatth 
(1631) 24 We may say of doubting as we say of Thistles, 
they are ill weeds, but the ground is fat and good where 
they grow. 1879 O. W. Homes A/otley xv. 94 ‘The record 
of that minister’s unutterable doubtings. 

Dow'bting, ///. a. [f.as prec. +-INc2.] That 
doubts or is in uncertainty ; of undecided opinion ; 
+ formerly also apprehensive, fearful. 

¢1425 Wyntoun Crov. 1x, v. 110 Ane. .Sa dowtand wes in 
pat debate. 1715 De For Kam, [ustruct. 1. ili. (1841) 1. 63 
However doubting I am of the success, 1850 Mrs. 

3rowninG Poet's Vow i. v, She looked upon him silently 
With her large doubting eyes. 1877 Sparrow Servz, xxii. 
297 Who would send doubting Thomas to proclaim the 
resurrection of Christ? . 

Hence Dou'btingly adv., in a doubting or un- 
certain manner; hesitatingly ; Dou‘btingness. 

a1535 More JVs. 18 (R.) He that asketh doubtingly, 
asketh coldly. 1653 Baxter Chr. Concord ii. Aiv b, ‘They 
must act doubtingly and notin Faith. 1840 Mrs. TRottore 
in New Monthly Mag. LUX. 466 All the humility and self- 
doubtingness. 1842 Pusey Cris’s Eng. Ch. 19 Churches .. 
which, at best, own us but doubtingly. 

+ Dow btive, doutif, 2. Ods. [a. OF. doutif, 
-7ve, doubtful: see -1vE, and cf. Dousry.] In 
doubt or fear; doubtful. 

1393 Gower Conf, III. 74 The king was doubtif [v. » 
doutyf) of pis dom. 

Doubtless (dautlés), a. and adv. [f. Dousr 
5b. + -LESS.] 

A. adj. Free from doubt or uncertainty; un- 
doubted, indubitable; + formerly also, free from 
apprehension, fear, or suspicion. 

©1440 Promp. Parv. 129/2 Dowteles, indubius, sine dubio. 
1577 FuLKE Confut. Purg. 362 This doubtlesse institution. 
1595 SHAKS. ¥oAn 1. i. 130 Pretty childe, sleepe doubtlesse, 
and secure. 1596 — 1 //en. /V, 11. ii. 20, 1 am doutlesse 
I can purge My selfe of many I am charg’d withal. @ 1603 
T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 172 You have 
put that... for a doubtlesse doctrine, which he maketh a 
doubtfull opinion. 1894 P. T. Forsytx in /udependent 20 
Dec., It is another and a doubtless thing. 

B. adv, Without doubt or question; unques- 
tionably, undoubtedly, certainly. Now generally 
concessive of something asserted or claimed. 

¢1340 Gaw, § Gr. Knt. 725 Nade he ben du3ty & dry3e.. 
Douteles he hade ben ded. ¢1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's 
7’. 128, I wol be cristned doutelees. ‘¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 3477 
Ve dowtles mun degh. 1535 CoverpaLe Ps. lviifi]. 1x 
Doutles, there is a God that iudgeth the earth. 1g9x Saks. 
x Hen. VI, w. vii. 44 Doubtlesse he would haue made 
anoble Knight. 1732 Berxetry Adcifhr. 1. § 16 Of good 
things, the greater good is most excellent? Doubtless. 
1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 223 He doubtless attacked 
many of the beliefs which good men held sacred. 

b. Often in a weaker sense, implying that the 
speaker sees no reason to doubt the truth of an 
opinion or presumption uttered; = No doubt. 

78* 


DOUBTLESSLY. . 


1664 Butter Hud. u. iii. 1 Doubtless the pleasure is as 
reat Of being cheated as to cheat. 1728 Younc Love 
ase m, Wks. (1757) 102 Since his great ancestors in 
Flanders fell, Ihe poem doubtless must be written well. 
1840 Hoop Uf Rhine Introd. 1 The reader of Robinson 
Crusoe will doubtless remember the flutter of delight [etc.]. 

Hence Dou‘btlessness. 

1895 Eclectic Mag. Oct. 565 With equal doubtlessness, 
Bulgaria would owe her national independence to [etc.]. 

Dou'btlessly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.) Un- 
questionably, certainly, surely ; =DoUBTLESS adv. 

c14g0 Promp. Parv. 129/2 Dowtelesly, indubie. 1556 
Lauper Tractate 261 Gredie Prencis, dowtleslie, Sall nocht 
faill to end _myserablie. ay, CoxaineE Obstinate Lady v. 
vi. Dram. Wks. (1874) 109, I Doubtlessly shall consent to 
thy demand. 1798 Pennant Hindoostan I. 203 Doubtlessly 
many more..have escaped the notice of travellers. 1868 
Rocers Pol, Econ, xxi. (1876) 283 The resources of the 
individual are doubtlessly diminished. 


+Dou‘btous, doutous, 2. Os. Forms: 4 
dotus, dotous(e, doutowse, 4-5 doutous, 5 
douteouse, dowtous(e, -ows, -eus, doughteous, 
doubteous, -euous(e, 4-6 doubtous(e, -uous(e. 
[ME. a. OF. dutus, dotus, doutous, mod. F. dou- 
teux, f. doute Doust sb.: see -ou8, and for the 
forms cf. despitous, piteous.} 

1. Doubtful ; of uncertain existence, meaning, or 
issue. 

1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14298 Merlyn 
seide. .pat Arthures dep was dotouse. .3yt pe Bretons..seyn 
pat he lyues in lede. ¢1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. III. 373 
Counseil in doutouse binges. 1481 Caxton 7'uéle on Old 
Age, Dyvinacions to know the doubteuouse thing. 1489 — 
Faytes of A.1. viii. 21 In the doubtouse happe of bataill. 
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 457/2 Scripture is.. 
doubtuouse and hard to vnderstande. 

2. Full of uncertainty of mind ; doubting. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth.1. pr. i. 5 Of a doutous iugement. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 227/2 Thenne cam he alle doubtous 
to the yates. 1490 — Eneydos xvi. 66 He abode long in 
this thought doubtouse and varyable. 

3. Fraught with terror; fearful, dreadful, terrible. 

a13z00 Signs bef. Fudgem. 113 in E. E. P. (1862) 10 Pe 
ei3t_ dai so is dotus.. ful of tene and angus. ?ar 
Morte Arth. 3468 A dowttouse derfe dede [=death], bou 
duellis to longe! c1470 Harpinc Chron, txxvin, vi, One 
that should y* doughteous siege acheue. ¢1500 Melusine 
xlv. 318 My departyng fro you is more gryeuous & 
doubtous a thousand tymes to me than to you. 

Hence Dou-btously adv., doubtfully. 
1350 Will. Palerne 4338 Doutusli after he stared on his 
stepmoder stifli a while. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 121 | 
Grettere maistryes..han y-writen dotousliche. | 
Dou btsome, a. Sc. and north. dial. Also 6 

doutsum. [f. Dousr sé. +-some.] = Dousrrut. 

1513 DouGias nes vi. xi. gt Thochtful in mynd, ne | 
doutsum by na way. xg9r Jas. I in Farr. S. P. Yas. J | 
(1848) 5 Long doubtsome fight. 1642 Declar. Lords Secr. 
Counc. Scot. 3 His generall and doubtsome faith. 1689 tr. 
Buchanan's De Fure Regni apud Scotos 35 The hazard of 
a doubtsome Cure. 1847-78 Hatiiw., Doudtsome, doubtful, 
uncertain. Vorth. [In N, W. Lincolnsh., Lonsdale, Mid- 
Yorksh., Whitby, Northumberland Gloss. }. 

Hence Dou'btsomely a/v., doubtfully. 

1533 BetLenpeNn Livy v. (1822) 417 Quhat maner of man 
this wes that spak sa doutsumlie. | 

+ Dou'bty, @. Obs. rare. Also 4-5 douti. [a. 
OF. doutif, dotif, nom. sing. and pl. dotis; the 
suffix being assimilated to English -y: cf. Corsy, 
‘Tarpy, etc.] Doubtful; dubious; hazardous. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Se/. Wks. IIT. 381 In soche douty poyntes. 
Se —1 Kings x.1 In derk and douti questiouns. | 

awes Past. Pleas. 17 A ful noble story, Of the doubty 
waye to the tower perillous. 1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 
1x. xxi. (1632) 1014 A doubty kinde of accusation. 1679 
fist, Fetzer 6 Vhis doubty controversie. 

Hence + Doubtily adv., in doubt. 

1654 R. WuitLock Zootomia 551, I lived. .anxiously, dye 
doubt{i]ly, and know not whether I go, 

Doubty, erron. obs. form of Doveuty. 


|| Douc (dik), [a. F. douc, a. Cochin douc, | 
dok monkey (Littré).] A species of monkey (Sem- 
nopithecus nemeus) found in Cochin China. 

1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist, (1776) 1V. 235 The last of the 
monkies of the ancient continent, is the bea: so called in 
Cochin-china, of which countryit isa native. 1847 CARPENTER 
Zool. § 151 ‘The Douc or Cochin China Monkey .. is distin- 
guished by the singular variety and brilliancy of its colours. 

Douce (dws), a. Also, 4-9 douse, 5-8 dowse, 
5-9 dowce. 8. 5-7 doulce, 6 doulx (in sense 1). 
[ME. douce, dowce, a. OF. dolz, dols, dous, later 
doux, fem. douce, also 15-16th c. doulce, =Pr. dols, 
dous, It. dolce, Sp. dulce:—L. dulcis sweet.] 

+1. Sweet, pleasant. (A well-known epithet of 
France, from Chanson de Roland onwards.) Oés. 

[a@x310 in Wright Lyric P, 11x Oure dame douse shal 
sitten hym by. 1377 Lanat, P. PZ. B. xiv. 122 And diues in 
deyntees lyued and in douce vye ] ¢1380 Sir Ferums, 1269 
We bub kny3tes alle y-vere: y-born in douce fraunce. ¢ 1420 
Liber Cocorum (1862) 32 Powder dowce and salt also, ¢ 1489 
Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xvi, 367 Ye shall never maye 
retourne in to douce Fraunce agayne. —_ Pilgr. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 22b, Whan..sommer draweth nere, ‘it 
om apple] waxeth mellowe douce & pleasaunt. 

ALRYMPLE tr. Leséie's Hist. Scot, ww, \viii. (1887) 251 
douse in exhortatione. 1614 Forses Comm, Revelation 126 
(Jam.) The douce sounde of harpes. 

Bic 1477 Caxton Yason 18b, To mete doulce regarde. 153% 


Exyor Gov. 1, xiv, (1883) ss4 ihe lawes..beyng in pure latine 


or doulce frenche. ¢ 1540 Lp, Sournampton & Br, or Ety 


618 


in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser, un. I. 11x With doulx and. myld 


wordes. 1542 Boorpe Dyet. xxi. (1870) 283 Peareés.. 
melow and doulce. @ 3877 Sir T. SmitH Commu, Eng. u. 
iii. (1609) 43 Doulce gentle termes. 


2. Quiet, sober, steady, gently sedate ; not light, 
flighty, or frivolous. Sc. and north. dial. 

1728 Ramsay Adv. to Mr. — on his Marriage 16 I've 
given a douce advice and plain. 1776 C. Kettu Farmer's 
Ha’ in Chambers Pop. Hum. Scot. Poems (1862) 36 The 
lads lasses a’ grow douse. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. iv, 
A douce woman she was, civil to the customers. 1825 in 
Brockett N. C. Words. pad Mrs. Cartyte Lef?. Il. 129, 
I think the new servant will do; she looks douce, intelligent. 
1868 Heirs Realmah vii. (1876) 158 Realmah and the 
Ainah talked on in the douce, quiet way. 

Hence Dou'cely adv. ; Dou'ceness. 

1621 S. Warp Haffiness of Practice (1627) 14 Some 
luscious delight, yea, a kind of rauishing doucenesse there 
is in studying good Bookes. 1786 Burns Earnest Cry & 
Prayer 3 An’ doucely manage our affairs In parliament. 
1822 Gait Steam-Boat 191 (Jam.) The natural douceness of 
my character. 1850 R. 7 hee Mem. of Worth ii. 20 Mr. 
Hislop was riding doucely along this track. 

+ Douce, v. Obs. rare. In 5 dowce, 7 doulce. 
[Aphetic f. adoulce, adouce, a. OF. adoulcir, adou- 
cir to sweeten: see ADDULCE.] trans. To sweeten ; 
to soften, mollify, soothe. 

c1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 7 With sugur candy ~ 
may hit dowce. 1600 Hottanp Livy xxi. xvi. 484 The 
yong mans stout heart was so doulced, mollified, and easie 
to bee wrought. 

Douce, var. of Dovse. 

Doucepere: see Douzeprns. 

Doucet (d77'sét), dowset (dau'sét). Forms: 
a. 5 doucete, dowcete, -ced, -sete, 5-7 dou-, 
dowcette, doucet, 6-y dowset, 7 douset, dow- 
cet, -sett, dowlcet, doulcet. 8. 5 dulset, 6 
dulcet. [a. F. doucet, doucette, dim. of doux, 
douce sweet ; also sb. a sweet variety of grape, of 
apple, etc., and in other senses. See also Duucer.] 

+1. A sweet dish, in old cookery. Obs. 

1430 Two Cookery-bks. 55 Doucettes. Take Porke..& 
EFyroun..& melle hem to-gederys with Hony & Pepir, & 
bake hem in a cofyn. 1467 Mann. §& Househ. Exp. 399 
For viij. boshelles of flour for dowsetes. 1530 Patscr. 
215/1 Dousette a_lytell flawne, dariodle. 1593 Drayton 
Eclogues ix. 47 Fresh Cheese, and Dowsets, Curds and 
clowted Creame. 1615 Marxuam Eng. Housew. u. ii. 
(1668) 75 An excellent Custard or Dowset. 1640 King & 
Poor North. Man (N.), Heer’s dousets and flapjacks. 

+2. A wind instrument resembling a flute. Ods. 

a. ¢ 1384 Cuaucer H. Fame ut. 131 That craftely begunne 
to pipe Bothe in doucet and in riede. ¢1430 Lypc. Reason 
& Sensual., Trumpes and trumpettes, Lowde shallys and 
doucettes. B. c1450 Hottanp How/at 762 The dulset, the 
dulsacordis, the schalme of assay. 

3. L/unting. ( pl.) The testicles of a deer. 

az6rr Beaum. & FL. Philaster ww. ii, He was there at the 
fall of a deer, and would needs..give ten groats for the 
dowcets. 1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Ms. 1. 93 Dewclawes, 
and Dowlcets. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. 1. vi, All the 
sweet morsels call’d tongue, ears, and dowcets, 1638 Forp 
Fancies 1. ii. Wks. 1869 II. 234, I am made a gelding, and, 
like a tame buck, have lost my dowsets. 1678 Pxitttps (ed. 4), 
Doulcets, the stones of a Hart or Stag. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 
255 Red and fallow deer, whose doucets if taken away .. 
before they have hornes, will never have any at all. 1826 
Scotr Woodst. iii, Broiling the umbles, or dowsets, of the 
deer, upon the glowing embers, with their own royal 
hands. 

Doucet, early form of Dutcet. 


| Douceur (duvsor). Forms: 4 dousour, 5 
-ceour, 6- -ceur, (7 douleure, 8'douceeur). [a. 
F. douceur, in OF. dulcur, dougor, dousor, dougour, 
= Pr. dolzor, Sp. dulzor, It. dolciore :—Romanic 
type *dolgore, *dulgore, for L. dulcdr-em sweetness, 
f. dulcis sweet. In ME. app. naturalized; but 
in modern use, since 17th c., a French loan-word.] 

+1. Sweetness and \ rappepasieg of manner; amia- 
bility, gentleness. Ods, 

13.. E. FE. Allit. P, A. 429 For synglerty o hyr dousour, 
We calle hyr fenyx of Arraby. 1422 tr. Secrefa Secret., 
Priv. Priv. (E. E, T. 8.) 189 To Souerayns reuerence and 
honoure. .to fellowis company and douceoure. 1620 Fortese. 
Papers (Camden) 126 (Stanf.) Your Majesties douceur and 
facilitie. 1623 Asp. Witttams in Hacket Life 1. (1692) 116, 
I have given special Order to the Judges for Sweetness, and 
Doulcure to the English Catholicks, 1758 Raten Case 
Authors by Profess, é All the Douceurs of Life arising 
from Observance and — will be wanting. 1793 Map. 
D'Atstay Let. to Mrs. Phillips 14 May, He .. answered 
with all his acc dd and poli 

+2. An agreeable or pleasant speech; a com- 
plimentary phrase. Ods. 

1672 Drypen Marr, 4 la Mode v. i, Truce with your 
douceurs, good servant, 1726 Amuerst 7erra@ Fil. xliv, 232 
Those printed douceurg that pass between authors and their 
betters, vulgarly call'd dedications, 1807 Edin, Rev. X. 
1go (Stanf.) Such borate douceurs as occur in the 
following letter. .look too much like adulation. 5 

3. A conciliatory present or gift; a gratuity or 
‘tip’; a bribe. 

1763 H. Warrote Lett. (1857) IV. 67 (Stanf.) Her lord 
has. .added.. little douceurs..to her jointure. 1769 in Priv. 
Lett, Ld. Malmesbury (1870) I. 174 Thirty guineas being 
publicly given to this last soldier, as a sort of douceur for 
what he had suffered. 2779 Mav. D'Arsiay Diary Nov., 
[After] one remarkable speech in the House of Commons.. 
> wad J some douceur to be silent exer after, 1818 R. 
Perers in ¥. Fay's Corr, & Pub, Papers\1893) 1V. 424 Money 
«devoted to secret service and douceurs to French agents. 


DOUGH. 


Douche (di,dzf), sd. [a. F.douchespout, stream 
of water, 16th c.ad. ay conduit-pipe, f.doccéare 
sh re by drops:—L. type *ductiare, f. ductus 

ing, lead, conduit, f. dicére to lead.] e 

A jet or stream of water, or the like, applied to 
some part of the body, generally for medicinal 
purposes; the application of this; an instrument 
for administering it. 

[1685 Corton tr. Montaigne II. 710 So the Italians have 
their doccie .. and with them bath an hour in the morning ] 
1766 Smotietr 7rav. 351 This last operation called dom 
is more effectually undergone in the private bath. 835 
Penny Cycl. 1V. 33/2 A stream of water falling on the 
-. It is called the cold dash, or douche, or douse. 1844 
Durton Dea, 107 The air-press should be used, as 
recommended for applying the air-douche. 1866 Mrs. 
Gasket Wives & Dau. xi, It was rather like a douche of 
cold water on Mrs, Kirkpatrick’s plans. 1894 Barinc- 
Goutp Deserts S. France 1. 24'To send down a douche of 
ice-cold air upon us, 

Comb. 1868 Daily News 7 Aug., A..bath-house, with 
plunge-bath, douche-bath, and owet adian of different 
sorts, 1883 J. Payn Thicker than Water xxxv. 275, 1 don't 
mind a sprinkling ; but no one likes a douche bath of it. 

, v. [f. prec. sb.; cf. F. doucher.] 
trans. To administer a douche to; to douse. 

1838 Lavy Granvitte Lett. 21 July (1894) II. 261 A little 
douching and bathing is the possible thing. 1864 
Carty.e Fredk, Gt. 1V. 350 Douched and drenched in dirty 
water. oon | E, A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 618 lf one 
or two force pumps and hose are on board, everyman 
should pce 

b. intr. (for refl.) To take a douche. 

1843 Sir C. Scupamore Med. Visit Grafenberg 19 One .. 
who had regularly douched through the winter every day 
for eight minutes. 

Doucherie, var. of DucnEry, O/s. 

Douch-spere, corrupt sing. of DouzePers. 
Doucht, Sc. pa. t. of Dow z.! 

Douchtie, -y, obs. forms of Doucuty. 
Doucimer, obs. form of DuLcimer. 

|| Doucin (dzsgh, dzsin).. Also 6 duseanne. 
[F.; f. douce sweet, Dovuce.] A sweet variety of 


wild we 

1589 Cocan Haven Health (1636) 102 The best apples 
-.1n England are Pepins, Costards, Duseannes, Darlings. 
184 Penny Cyct. 11. 191/2 The stocks ,. employed are the 
wild crab, the doucin or English paradise, and the French 

aradise apple. J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 
i 61 There are only two kinds, according to Lindley, on 
which it is desirable to propagate the apple in this country 
—the Wild Craé and the Doucin stock. 

|| Doucine (dusin). rch. [F., in 15-16th c. 
doulcine, doucine trumpet, f. doux, douce sweet, 
soft.] =Cyma recta: see CYMA I. 

1 Leoni Alberti's Archit. 11. 31/2 The Cymatium, or 
Doucine, both upright and reversed. 

Douck(e, Doucker, obs. ff. Duck, Ducker. 

Doud(e, obs. form of Down. 

Doudle, var. Doop.x v.*, to play bagpipes. 

Douer, var. Dower 56.1 Obs. 

Douf, var. of Dowr a. 

Doufe, douffe, obs. forms of Dove. 

Dough (do), sd. Forms: 1 d&3, d&h, 4 do3, 
4-5 dogh, nor/h.dagh, 4-8 dow, dowe, 6 doughe, 
dowghe, 6- dough, (7 doe, 6- Sc. daigh, 
deawch). Sce also Durr, which represents a 
prevalent dialect pronunciation. [A Common 
Teut. sb.: OE. dh, gen. ddges, = OF ris. deeg, Du, 
deg, OHG., MHG, ¢eic, Ger. teig, ON. detg, 
(Sw. deg, Da. deig, dei), Goth. daigs :—OTeut. 
*daigoz, f. verbal stem dig-, deig-, pre-Teutonic 
*dhigh- to form of clay, to knead: cf. Skr. déh- to 
besmear, L. fig-, fingére ; cf. Gr. retxos wall.] 

1. A mass consisting of flour or meal moistened 
and kneaded into a paste, with or without leaven, 
ready to be baked into bread, etc. ; kneaded flour; 
paste of bread. ++ Sour-povGH (q.v.), leaven. 

c1000 Sax. Leechd. 11, 342 Wyre clam of .. daze. did. 
III. 88 Cned hyt .. ~p hit si swa picca swa doh. 3303 R 
Brunne Randl Suns 10099 Pe paste. .ne oghe Be made of 
eny maner of soure doghe. 1340 Ayenb, 205 Ase be leuayne 
zourep pet doz. ¢1430 7wo s. 43 Take dow, & 
make per-of a pinne kake. ¢ Myrc 1882 Thy bred 
schal be of whete flour, I-made h that ys not sour. 
1526 Tinpate Gad. v. 9 A lytel leven doth leven the whole 
lompe of dowe. 1649 Jer. Tayvior Gt. Axentp. Pref. P 25 
He left this nation, as a piece of leaven in a masse of dow. 
3813 Sir H. Davy Agric, Chem. (1814) 137 Leavened bread 
for use is made by mixing a little doug’ has fermented, 
with new dough, and kneading them together, 1830 M. 
Donovan Dom. Econ, 1, 351 The better and older the flour 
the more water it absorbs to make dough, : 

b. Proverb. (AZy) cake is dough, (My) meal is 
all dough (Sc.): my project has failed. 

1596 Suaxs. Tam, Shrew v. i. 145 My cake is dough, but 
Ile in among the rest. 1687-1708 (see Cake sd, 8}. 1737 
zee rckueren 76) 38 (Jam. Beet on 

EADE Clois: 1 XXY, 's 
him down like forty bullets, "Our cake is dough’, he gasped. 

2, transf. and fig. 

1611 Cotcr., Laudore..a leaden fellow, sneakesbie, 
man of dowgh. a@1616 Beaum. & Fi. W1 
11, ii, She has found what dough you are oe eane so 
kneads you. 1624 Fiercuer Aude a Wife m. i, How un- 
like the enol I took him for, The of ignorant dow. 
1788 Burns 1st Ef. to Graham 16 { Nature] kneads the 


7 
+ 
j 
‘ 


- DOUGH. 


lumpish philosophic dough. 1876 Gro. Ettor Dan. Der. 
1V. lviii. 168 The baking process which the human dough 
demands. 

3. Any soft, pasty mass. 

1589 Morwync E£vonymt. 220 The leaves of hempe.. Water 
should be poured to it, and when they are made dowe to- 

ther, then to be destilled. 1623 Liste 42//ric on O. §& N. 
Test. (1638) Pref. 4 To mould the dow of artificiall marble, 
and bake it in killes for building. 1862 ¥rn/. Soc. Arts X. 
326/2 It [the India-rubber] may be dissolved either into 

varnish’, or the more solid ‘dough’, as it is called, by the 
digestion of the sheet in. .naphtha. 
. a. north. dial, (See quot. and YULE-DOUGH.) 

1 Branp Pop. Antig., Yule es (1870) I. 293 The 
Yule-Dough, or Dow, was a kind of Baby, or little Image 
of Paste, which our Bakers used. .to bake at this season and 
present to their customers. /d/d., note, Dough or Dow is 
vulgarly used in the North for a little cake. 

_ b. A pudding or dumpling of dough: cf. Durr 
and DouGH-Boy. 

5. attrib. and Comb., as dough-cake, -pan, -pill; 
dough-dividing, -kneaded adjs.; dough-ball, 
(U.S.) ? =Doucunut; dough-balls, the tufts of 
a kind of seaweed, Polysiphonia Olneyt ; dough- 
brake, -kneader, -maker, -mixer, machines for 
kneading and mixing dough ; dough-head, ((/..S.) 
a soft-pated fellow, a fool’ (Bartlett Dect. Amer. 
1860); dough-raiser, (see quot.); +dough-rib, 
an implement for scraping and cleaning the knead- 
ing-trough. Also DoUGH-BAKE, etc. 

1864 Louie's last Term (N. Y.) 168 *Dough-balls were 
her acknowledged passion. 1881 Farrow Marine Alge 
171 In its typical form P{olysiphonia] Olneyi forms dense 
soft tufts, sometimes called *dough-balls by the sea-shore 
population. 1642 Mitton =i gpa Smect. (1851) 288 He. .de- 
meanes himselfe in the dull expression so like a *dough 
kneaded thing. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 732/1 *Dough- 
kneader,.a pair of rollers, one corrugated lengthwise and 
the other transversely, working in a frame with two inclined 
boards. /bid., *Dough-mixer. 1841 Lane Arad. Nets. 1. 
x08 ‘Uncover the *dough-pan’. 183r CartyLe Sart. 
Res.-1, iti, His chief Talapoin, to whom no *dough-pill 
he could knead. and publish was other than medicinal and 

~ sacred.” 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 732/2 *Dough-raiser, 

‘a pan in a bath of heated water, to maintain a temperature 
in the dough favorable to fermentation. ¢ 1325 Gloss. W. 
de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 155 Un rastuer, a *douw-ribbe. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 129/t Dowrys or dowrybbe, sarfa. 
1 Patscr. 215/1 Dowe rybbe, ratissevr a paste, 

Dough (do), v. rare. [f. prec. 4) 

+1. intr. To work in dough; to make dough. 
Obs. 

1631 Hrywoop 1st Pt. Fair Maid of Wu. Wks. 1374 IL. 
277 When corne grew to be at an high rate, my father [a 
baker] never dowed after. ; 

2. trans. ‘To make (something) into or like 
dough. Zodough in: to mix in with the dough (see 
DovueHine vi. sd.). 

1887 NV. & Q. 7th Ser. III. 16/1 Doughing together the 
paste formed by the yerda and water. 

Hence Dou'ghing, ///. a. 

1883 Grant Wuite Washington Adams 33 Pleasing and 
picturesque, and yet souring and doughing. 

+ Dou'gh-bake. Obs. rare—'. [f. Doucu sé. 
+ Bake v.: cf. next] Under-done bread; the 


“crumb’ of a loaf. 

1573 Tusser Husb, Ixxix. (1878) 171 Much dowebake I 
praise not, much crust is as ill. 

Dou'gh-baked, #//. a. Now dial. [f. as prec.] 
Imperfectly baked, so as to remain doughy. 

1611 Cotcr., Pasteux..doughie; clammie as bread which 
is dough-baked.. 1630 J. ‘'avtor (Water P.) Wit §& Mirth 
Wks. 11. 192/1 One of the Schollers complayned vnto him that 
the Bread were dogh-baked: Why quoth hee, so it should 
bee; what else is the definition of bread but dough baked? 
1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. ut. xx. 205 In that oven 
wherein dow-baked cakes shall be burnt. 

b. transf. and fig. Imperfect, badly finished ; 
deficient, esp. in intellect or sense; feeble, ‘ soft’. 

1592 Lyty Midas u. ii. 22 A reason dow-baked. @ 1613 
Oversury A Wife (1638) 64 A very woman is a dow-bak't 
man. 1623 T. Scor Highw. God 80 A deade luke-warme 
indifferencie, a dow-baked zeale. 1754 RICHARDSON 
Grandison (ed. 7) I. 84 Your milksops, your dough-baked 
lovers. 1809-10 Cor.ertpcE Friend (1865) 216 These dough- 
baked patriots are not however useless. 

+ Dou'gh-baken, ///. a. Obs. =prec. 

1529 More Dyaloge 11. 71a/2 Yf hys brede.. be dowe 
baken. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 498 Who 
shall scrape off this dough-baken dung ? 

Douwgh-bird. Local U.S. Also doe-bird. 
The New.England name for the Eskimo curlew 
(Numenius borealis). 

18... Shore Birds 12 (Cent.) Mingling freely with. the 
golden plover are the Esquimaux curlew, or dough-birds. 

Dou'gh-boy. Naw. and Colonial. A boiled 
flour dumpling. 

1685 Rincrose Bucaniers Amer. Il. 1v. 4 These men .. 
had each of them three or four Cakes of bread (called by 
the English Dough-boy's) for their provision and Victuals. 
1697 Dampier Voy. (1729) I. v. 110 This Oil served instead 
of Butter, to eat with Dough-boys or Dumplins. 1880 
Biackw. Mag. Jan. 72 Quite a gourmet in the matter of 
dough-boys and duff. 1887 Pad/ Mall Budget 22 Aug. 13/2 
Each man had also a dough-boy made with Ib. of flour, 
and boiled in the soup. 

+ Dou'gher. 04s. In 5 dower. [f. Dover z. 
+-ER1.] One who makes dough; a baker. 

1483 Gild Bakers in Eng. Gilds 335, All Dowers of the 
Cite. .[shall] grynd att the Cite-is myllis, 


619 
Dou'gh-face, doughface. U. S. 


1. A face having the appearance or character of 
dough : cf. dough-faced. 

@ 1833 J. Ranvotpn Sf, ix Congress (Bartlett), They were 
scared at their own dough-faces. : : 

2. A dough-faced person; one who allows him- 
self to be moulded or worked upon ; formerly, in 
U.S. politics, applied to Northern politicians con- 
sidered to yield undue compliance to the South, in 
the matter of slavery, etc. 

1834 Waittier Let. to Sewall Pr. Wks. 1889 III. 87 How 
familiar have the significant epithets of ‘ White slave’ and 
“dough-face’ become !_ 1848 Lowett Biglow P. Poet. Wks. 
1890 II. 80. 1863 W. Puittirs Speeches iii. 42 Behold the 
great doughface cringing before the calm eye of Kossuth, 

attrib, 1886 American X11. 279 The doughface press. 

So Dou'gh-faced a., having a face like dough; 
of the character of a ‘dough-face’ in U.S. politics. 

1792 Wotcorr (P. Pindar) Tears of St. Margaret Wks. 
1812 III. 81 The dough-faced Spectres crowded forth. 1848 
New York Comm. Adv. 4 June (Bartlett) Two-third of the 
senate were dough-faced. i 

Doughiness (doinés). [f. Dovcny a.+ 
-NESS.} The quality of being doughy. Also fg. 

1616 Surrt. & Markku. Country Farme 586 Any doughi- 
nesse or rawnesse in the crust. 1866 G. MacponaLp Ann, 
Q. Neighd. (1884) 243 Which made me turn and go home, 
regardless now of Mr. Stoddart’s doughiness. 

Doughing, v//. sb. [f. Doucn v.+-1nG1.] 
The making or dividing of dough ; a¢é7d. dough- 
ing-machine, one for dividing dough for loaves. 

1882 tr. Zhausing’s Beer 412 The mixing of the malt 
required for one grist with water in the mash-tun at the 
commencement of a brewing is called e‘xteigen (doughing in) 
or, shortly, ‘mashing in’, 1884 Engineer 30 May 399/2 It 
is then passed into the doughing machine, 

Doughish (dif), @  [-1sH.] Somewhat 
doughy, slack-baked. 

15586 \Witnats Dict. (1568) 44 a/1 Doughisshe breadde, not 
full bake, rudidus panis. 

Doughnut (donvt). local Eng. and U.S. A 
small spongy cake made of dough (usually sweet- 
ened and spiced), and fried or boiled in lard. 

1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. (1861) 90 An enormous dish of 
balls of sweetened dough, fried in hog’s fat, and called 
doughnuts, or olykoeks. 1847 THoreau in Atlantic 
Monthly June (1892) 757 The window was .. the size of an 
oblong doughnut, and about as opaque. 1861 R. F. Burton 
City of Saints 104 note, The Dough-nut is properly speak- 
ing, a small roundish cake made of flour, eggs, and sugar, 
moistened with milk and boiled in lard. 1870 Haztitr 
Brana’s Pop. Antig. 1. 48 At Baldock, Herts, the children 
call .. [Shrove Tuesday] Dough-nut Day, from the small 
cakes fried in brass skillets over the fire with hog’s lard, 

+ Dought, 5%. Obs. [In quot. 1450 perh. for 
*dougth Dour valour; in 1788 app. a back- 
formation from Dovucuty a., on analogy of mzght, 
mighty, etc.] Doughtiness, might, power. 

1450 Merlin 555 Yef thei knewe the dought of my brother 
Agravain. 1788 Picken Poems 159 (Jam.) The freckest 
whiles hae own’t her [Fortune’s] dought. 

+Dought, a. Oés. [app.a shortened form of 
Doveuty.] Doughty, valiant, mighty. 

¢1320 Sir Benes 3380 (MS. A.) Lordinges .. 3e scholle pis 
dai be holde so dou3t. ¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace 
(Rolls) 13532 Pat were of prowesse, & of bataille dought. 

Dought, pa. t. of Dow v.; obs. var. of Doust, 
Dour. 

Doughter, obs. and dial. f. DAUGHTER. 

+ Doughtihede. 04s. = DoucuTinEss. 

@1300 Cursor M. 848 (Cott.) Thoru his auen doghtyhede. 
Ibid. 10628 It was hir dughti-hede. 

Doughtily (dawtili), adv. [f. Doventy + -Ly 2] 
In a doughty manner; valiantly, stoutly. 

1300 Cursor M. 3673 (Cott.) His moder dughtilik it 
dight. ¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 420 He laide on Sarazyns..so 
do3tilich. ¢ a Gesta Romt. xxiv. 89 (Harl. MS.) He bare 
him so manly, & so doutely in the turnement. 1572 Bosse- 
WELL Armorie 11. 96 b, Whiche had doughtely susteined the 
siege. 1659 Br. Watton Consid. Considered 169 To thank 
him for disputing so doughtily on their behalf. 1870 LoweLt 
Study Wind. 70 The battle which the English race on this 
continent has been carrying doughtily on. 

Doughtiness (dau'tinés). [f Dovcury + 
-NESS.} Valiantness, valour, stoutness. 

¢1z00 OrmIN 17582 Sawle onnfopb att Godess hand All 
hire dubhtiznesse. ¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 184 His 
douhtynes we ken. 1450 Golagros §& Gaw. 416 Your dedis, 
your dignite and your doughtynes. nie Benes Shyp of 
Folys (1570) 18 Hector .. Was slayne with payne for all his 
doubtynes. 1§26 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 136 A dis- 
crete —— or a spirytuall audacite, to speke or to 
do. 1612-20 Suetton Ouix.(1.), The Biscayan. -perceived, 
+ des dotghtiness, his intention. 1886 Lowett Left. (1894) 
II. 341 Our difficulties..to test our doughtiness. 

fgets ary ae (déutrpf). A trough or vessel 
in which dough is placed to rise; in modern use, 
also a closed vessel in which the rising of dough is 
promoted by the gentle heat arising from warm 
water beneath ; =dough-raiser: see DouaH sé. 5. 

cx440 Promp. Parv. 129/t_Dowe trowe, fistralla, 
alveus. 1530 Patscr. aie Doughe troughe, Ausche a 
pestrir, a x600 Turnam. Tottenh. 124 A do3-trogh, and 
apele. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 732/2 Dough-trough.. 
a water-tight, covered vessel of tin or other suitable material, 
with a perforated shelf across the centre, 

Doughty (dau'ti), 2. Forms: 1 dyhtis, dohtis, 
3-5 do3zti, 3-6 do3zty, 3- doughty, (4 dohty, 


DOUM. 
dohuti, doghuti, douhti, 4-5 dou3ti, dowghty, 
4- Sc. douchti, -ty, dowchty). Also 3-5 


dughti, 4 duhti, du3ty, 6-7 Sc. duchtie ; and 
4-6 dowtie, -ty, 5-7 douty, 5-8 e770. doubty, 
»— doughty (dauti). [The original OE. form was 
dyhtiz, corresp. to OHG, *tuhtig, MHG. sihtec, 
Ger. “iichtig, MDu. and MLG. duchtich, from an 
OTeut. sb. *duhtt-z, MHG. ¢uht ability, capacity, 
from dugan: see Dow v.1 (If this had come down, 
its mod.Eng. repr. would be dighty.) OE. dohizg 
was a later formation, of which the vowel is difh- 
cult to explain, unless perh. by assimilation to 
dohte, pa. t. of dugan. It came down in the ME, 
dott, dohty, dowghty, Sc. dochtie, douchtie, to the 
mod, spelling dougity, of which the expected pro- 
nunciation would be (dgti): cf. bought, wrought, 
daughter. Beside it, ME. had duhtzz, du3tt, 
duhti, 16th c. Se. duchtie; and also from 14th c., 
dowtie, douty, erroneously spelt (by assimilation to 
another word of same sound) dozdty; whence 
evidently the current spoken word (dawti). ‘The 
phonology presents many points of difficulty.] 

1. Able,capable, worthy, virtuous; valiant, brave, 
stout, formidable: now with an archaic flavour, 
and often humorous. a. of persons. 

1030 Abingdon Chron., Hacun se dohtiza eorl. cx200 ORMIN 
113 Zacarize .. haffde an dubhti3 wif .. Elysaba:b 3ehatenn. 
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 592 Edward, that doughty knyght. 
a1300 Cursor M. 3555 (Cott.) Sir Ysaac pat dughti [Go¢¢. 
dohuti] man. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 1480 A duhtti kni3zt 
and no coward. 1375 Barsour Bruce 11. 166 For all his eldris 
war douchty. ¢1380 Sir Herd. 423 Dozty men & wi3t. 
c1420 Avow, Arth, xiv, Did as a du3ty kny3te. ¢1440 
York Myst. xxxviii. 163 Sir knyghtis, pat are in dedis 
dowty. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. |\xxiii. 55 Kyng Arthur 
was .. bolde and doubty of body. 1535 STEWART Cyow. 
Scot. (1858) I. 42 Lord and knycht .. And mony other 
richt duchtie and conding. 1600 Hotitanp Livy xxiv. 
xlvi. 541 Certaine Tribunes and marshals, valourous and 
doubtie good men. 1609 — Asm. Marcell. xiv. ix.19 A 
doutie warrior. 1658 Futter CA, /Zést. ut. vi. § 50 All the 
Scotish Nobility (Doughty Douglas alone excepted). 1795 
Soutney Yoan of Arc Vv. 126 The doughty Paladins of 
France. 1814 D'Isracii Quarrels Auth. (1867) 263 The 
doughty critic was at once silenced. 1847 Lewes //is¢. 
Philos. (1867) 11. 98 Oxford called upon her doughty men to 
brighten up their arms. 1848 Dickens Domébey (C.D. ed.) 
115 Nor did he ever again face the doughty Mrs. Pipchin. 

b. of actions, and other things. 

(Beowulf 1287 (Z.) Sweord eczum dyhtiz. a@ 1000 Cxd- 
mon’s Genesis 1993 Sweord eczum dihtiz.) a 1225 Leg. Kath. 
782 Of mine bileaue, beo ha duhti oder dusi, naue pu nawt 
to donne. a 1300 Cursor AM. 2112 (Cott.) Mani contre bar- 
in es And dughti cites mare and lesse. 1393 Lanai. P. 77. 
C. vir. 141 Of thyne douhtieste dedes. 1535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot. Ul. 510 Of his duchtie Deidis and Justice done. 
1568 I. Howeit 426, Amitie (1879) 81 Nor men deserue 
the crowne, and doubtie diademe. 1590 SreNnseR 7. Q. 1. 
v. 1 Howthat doughtie turnament With greatest honour he 
atchieven might. @ 1667 Jer. Taytor Serm. for Year 
(1678) Suppl. 185 In this doughty cause they think it fit to 
fight and die. 1733 Curyne /:ng. Malady i. iv. (1734) 302 
Another doughty Objection against a Vegetable Diet, I have 
heard. 1829Scotr ¥rn/. 28 Apr., After this doughty resolu- 
tion, I went doggedly to work. 

+2. absol.= Man or men of valour. Obs. 

1420 Anturs of Arth. i, Bothe the kyng and the qwene 
And other do3ti by-dene. ¢ 1475 Rauf Coil3ear 590 Thair 
wald na douchtie this day for Iornay be dicht. 1800 A. 
Car tye A xtodiog. 140, 1..was going up the field to tell 
this when my doughty arrived. - 

3. Comb., as doughty-handed adj. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. CZ. 1v. viii. 5 Doughty handed are you. 

Doughy (doi), a. [f. Dove sb.+-x1.] Of 
the nature of dough; like dough in appearance, 
consistency, or character. 

r6or Suaxs. Ad/’s Well ww. v. 3 All the vnbak’d and dowy 
youth of a nation. 1648 Gace West Ind. xii. (1655) 53 
After the Consecration many devout persons came and 
sticked in the dowy Image pretious stones. 1719 LoNpDoN 
& Wise Compl. Gard. v. 76 Sometimes it grows doughy, 
when suffer’d to be too ripe on the Tree. 1826 Syp. SmitH 
Wks. (1859) Il. 97/1 Asad, doughy lump. @ 1827 Goon Study 
Med. (1834) IT. 161 White tongue in the morning, and a 

llid doughy countenance. 1893 Eart. Dunmore Pamirs 

I. 230 The bread we had to eat was..very doughy. ° 

Doukce, obs. form of Duck, DuKE. 

Douke, var. DAuKE, Oés., carrot. 

x6or Hottanp Pliny xix, v. (D.), Yellow douke or carot. 

Doul,. obs. var. of DoueE 5.2 grief, DowEL. 

Doulee, var. of Douce, DULCE. 

Doulced, Doulcet(e, var. of Doucer, DuLcer. 

Douleia, doulia: see DULIA. 

Doulle, obs. form of DULL. 

Douloecracy, var. of DuLocRAcY. 

Doum (daum, dim). Also doom, dome, dom. 


[Arab. es daum, diim.] A kind of palm (Hyphene 


Thebaica) , found in Egypt, having a dichotomously 
divided trunk, and an edible fruit about the size of 
an apple. Usually doum-palm. 
180r Het. M. Wittiams Sk. Fr. Rep. I. xxxv. 170 In 
capitals [of columns]..the branches of the doum, and the 
flowers of the nelumbo, mingle together. 1830 LinpLEy 
Nat. Syst. Bot. 280 The Doom Palm of Upper Egypt and 
the Hyphzne coriacea are remarkable for their dichotomous 
tedly-divided trunk. 1849 Soutney Comm.-pl. Bk. 


1V. 113 In the upper parts of Egypt they haves palm tree, 
8*-2 


DOUP. 


called the Dome. 1867 Lavy Hersert Crad/e L.i. 34 The 
region of..the Theban or dém-palm. 

5% attrib., as doum-leaf, -palm, -wood. 

1788 CLarkson /mfol. Slave Tr. 20 The doom-wood (which 
the worm never enters). 1827 Moore Eficur. xvi. (1839) 
166 A bed of fresh doum leaves, 

Doum, doumb(e, obs. forms of Duma, 

Dounce, obs. forms of Do, Donr, Down, Dun. 

Doung, obs. pa. pple. of Dine v.1; obs. f. Dune. 

Dounk, Dount, obs. forms of Dank, Dunt. 

Doup (daup). Sc. Forms: 6 dolp, 6-9 doup, 
7 doupe, 7-9 dowp. [Of Norse origin: cf. ON. 
ay) 
+1. A rounded cavity or hollow bottom, Oés. 

193 Douctas Aine? 1. x. 15 Off his E dolp the flowand 
blude and attir He wische away. 1641 Fercusson Scot. 
Prov. 7 (Jam.) Better half egg than toom dowp. 1653 
Urqunart Radédelais 1. vi, Castor and Pollux [born] of the 
doupe of that Egge which was laid..by Leda. 

2. The posterior extremity of the body, the 


fundament or seat. 

1653 Urquuart Rabelais 1. xxii, At the salt doup [Fr. 
au cul salié, the name of a game]. 1728 Ramsay Christ's 

virk Gr. ut. xxii, A’ the skaith that chanc’d indeed, Was 
only on their dowps. 1817 J. Scorr Paris Revisit. (ed. 4) 
257 Sax and therty lashes a piece on the bare doup. 

3. The bottom or end (of any thing), e.g. the 
rounded end of a candle. 

1718 Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. m1. x, I’ the doup o' day. 
1774 T. Scotr Poems 319 (Jam.), At the doup o’ e’en. 
1816 Scott Antig. v, The doup o’a candle. 1894 Crocketr 
Lilac Sunb,72 What remained of the smooth candle ‘dowp’. 

b. A*loop at the end. 

1831 G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 285 The half leaf. . passes 
through the upper doup of the standard. 

Doupt, obs. form of Dousr. 

Dour (dar), a. Sc. and north. dial. Also 5 
dowre, 6-8 doure, 6- dowr. [ad. L. dar-us, or 
¥. dur hard (cf. Durer). 

Derivation from French is unlikely on account of the vowel, 
since F. % gives in Sc. not # but #@ (or 6). An early (11th or 
rath c.) adoption of L. dar-ns, would suit phonetically; of 
this however we have no evidence.] 

1. Hard, severe, bold, stern, fierce, hardy. 

1375 Barsour Bruce x. 170 [He] wes dour & stout. 
©1425 WynToun Cron. vil. xvi. 103 Dyntis dowre ware 
sene. 1513 Douctas 2neis u. vi. [v.] 23 Vhe dour Vlixes 
als, and Athamas. 1§33 BeELLenveN Livy 1. (1822) 166 Thir 
legatis wes gevin ane doure answere be Marcius. 1596 
DatryMpce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. w.249 He led a dour and 
hard lyfe. 1794 Burns Winter Night i, Biting Boreas, fell 
and doure. 1848 Lytton Harold v1. i, Tostig is a man .. 
dourand haughty. 189 Atkinson Moorland Par. 261 The 
dour, merciless intensity of a northern moorland. .storm. 

2. Hard to move, stubborn, obstinate, sullen. 

©1470 Henry Wallace tv. 187 Malancoly he was of com- 
plexioun..dour in his contenance. 1§13 Douctas neis 
xt, vi. 106 All our prayeris.. Mycht nowder bow that 
dowr mannis mynd. 1§72 Satir. Poems Reform. xxxviii. 
76 Our men are dour men. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. viii, 
“He's that dour, ye might tear him to pieces, and, .ne'er get 
a word out o’ him.’ 1854 Mrs. Gaskett. North & S. xvii, 
‘Thornton is as dour as a door-nail; an obstinate chap. 

Hence Dowrly adv., with hard sternness, stub- 
bornly, obstinately ; Dou'rness, hardness of dis- 
position, obstinacy, sullenness. 

©1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Facobus minor 337 Vhai.. in to 
durnes ay abad. ¢1475 Rauf Coil3var 918 To ding thame 
doun dourly that euer war in my way. 1596 DacryMpte tr. 
Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. 281 And fercely had fochtne thame, 
and dourlie dantount. 1872 C. Gispon Lack of Gold iv, 
‘Give me those letters, father’, she said dourly. 1882 Sa/. 
Rev. No. 1411. 629 Scotchmen .. have the same caution .. 
courage, and ‘ dourness’ [as Yorkshiremen]. 

Doura, var. Durra, Indian millet, 

Doure, obs. form of Durg, to endure. 

+Dourlach. Sc. [app.a variant of Dortacn.] 
‘A short sword, a dagger’ (Jam.). (? An error.) 

18.. Scorr (in Jamieson s.v.), In heraldry, Highland 
swords are called dourlachs. 1828 — ¥. Af. Pert, xvii, 
Manhood shall be tried by kisses and bumpers, not by dirks 
and dourlachs. 

Dousaine, -ayne, obs. forms of Dozen. 


Douse (daus), 54.1 Also 7 douze, 7- douce, 
dowse, 9 douss. [f. Dousg v.1] A dull heavy 
Llow or stroke. 

@x625 Fretcuer Nice Valour vy. i, Souse upon Souse. 
Douces single. Justle sides. 1653-4 Wuitrtocke ¥rni. 
Swed. Emb. (1772) 1, 137 A dowse in the neck. "1771 
Smotierr Humph. Cl. 1.3 June, He gave the young man 
a dowse in the chops, 38ax Scorr Aeni/w. xxx, The 
porter ., started up with his club, and dealt a sound douse 
or two on each side. ax Barnam Jngol. Leg., Ferry 
Yarvis, 1tdescended on her.. head in one tremendous dowse. 

+ Douse, dowse, sé.2 Ods. [perh. subst. use of 
douse, Douce sweet.] A sweetheart; a ‘dear’, 
Also tronical. 

Rs 1310 Dame douse: see Doucra.1.]  ¢ Towneley 
lyst. (Surtees) 104 Yit is she a fowlle dowse if ye com nar. 

1§73 Tusser //usb. x, Who looketh to marrie must laie to 
keepe house, for loue may not alway be plaieing with douse, 


Douse (daus), v.1 Also 7— dowse, 8 dousse. 
[Of obscure origin : known only from 16th c. In 
sense I, perh. related to MDu. dossen, or early 
mod.Du. doesen to beat with force and noise 
(Kilian): cf. also EFris. dossen to beat, strike, 
punch, knock, and Ger. dial. dusen, tusen, tausen, 
ete, to beat, strike, butt (Grimm). Senses 2 and 3 


620 


may be the same word; cf. ‘ to strike sail’; sense 
4 is more doubtful, and may be distinct. All the 
senses belong to the lower strata of the language.] 

+1. trans. To strike, peach, inflict a blow upon. 

1559 Mirr. Mag., Hen. V1, iv, To death with daggars 
doust. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), To Dowse..to give one a 
slap on the face. 2 ‘ 

2. Naut. To strike (a sail); to lower or slacken 
suddenly or in haste; to close (a port-hole). 

1627 Cart. Smitn Seaman's Gram. xiii. 60 Dowse your 
top-saile to salute him. — Trav. & Adv. xx. 40 Very 
civilly they d d [printed d d) their topsail Bg 
Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Molir une corde, to 
slacken, dousse, or ease off a tight rope. 1802 in Naval 
Chron. VII. 47 Douse the ports. 1828 Cot. Hawker Diary 
(1893) I. 344 Forced to douse all sail and ease the engine. 

3. To put off, doff. 

1785 Grose Dict. Vulgar Tongue s.v., Dowse your dog 
vane, take the cockade out of your hat. 1828 Cor. Haw- 
ker Diary (1893) I. 332 The latter have doused their butter- 
churn boots. 1841 THackeray Mem. Gormand. Wks. 1886 
XXIII. 357, I. .doused ‘my cap on entering the porch, 

4. To put out, extinguish, dout (a light). 

1785 Grose Dict. Vulgar Tongue (Farmer), Dowse the 
glim=put out the candle. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. (1849) 
428 ‘Dowse the light’! roared the hoarse voice from the 
water. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 294 At nine 
the deck-lantern was doused. 

5. To throw down, table (money); = Doss v.1 2. 

1797 G. Wasuincton Let. Writ. 1892 XIII. 425 Asking 
opinions and requiring services. .without dousing my money. 

6. To ‘shut up’, stop, cease. 

1887 Hatt Caine Deemster xxxiii. 221 ‘Dowse that, 
Billy, and bear a hand and be quiet.’ 

Hence Dowsing 74/. sb. ; also Dou'ser, a heavy 
blow. 

1782 Franxuin Ws. (1888) VII. 411 It was allowed. .to 
give hima rising blow. Let ours beadouser. 1837 SourHEY 
Doctor cxxv. 1V. 248 In common use among school-boys 
and blackguards. .the threat of giving any one a dowsing. 

Douse (daus),v.2 Also 7 dou-, dowsse, douze, 
7- dowse, douce. [Appears ¢ 1600: origin un- 
known ; perh. onomatopceic; cf. souse. 

It is of course not impossible that it arose out of Douse v.1, 
though connexion is not obvious.) 

+1. trans. To plunge vigorously 72 water, or the 
like; to immerse with force. Odés. 

1600 Hoitann Livy xix. Epit. 391 Claudius Pulcher .. 
commaunded the sacred Pullets to be doussed and drenched 
over the head in the water. 1612 T. Taytor Como. Titus 
i. 16 And dowse himselfe ouer head and eares in impietie. 
1643 HamMonpD Seri. vii. Wks. 1684 IV. 515, I have 
wma my feet in mire or ink, douz'd my carnal affections 
in all the vileness of the world. 1662 Stivuincri. Orig. 
Sacr. 1. iv. § 11 To have heard the great noise the Sun used 
to make..when he doused his head in the Ocean. 

2. To throw water over; to water, to drench. 

1606 HotLanp Sxefon.75. 1610 — Camden's Brit. 1. 420 
A stately place..which Tanus with wandring streame doth 
dowsse. 1794 Wotcott (P. Pindar) Remonstr. Wks. 111. 
368 Well dous'd by rushing rains. Srcuin Black For. 
x. 164 Melusina's haunt was thoroughly doused with holy 
water, 1893 Cart. Kine /oes in Ambush 26 Douse a dipper 
of water over him. 

3. intr. To plunge or be plunged into water. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 344 Vhey joy and strive to 
be doussing, badling, and diving together with them. 1664 
Butter Hud. u. i. 502 It is no jesting, trivial matter, To 
swing i’ th’ air, or dotice in water. 1872 Browninc /ifine 
Ixv, Sowse Underneath ducks the soul, her truthward 
yearnings dowse Deeper in falsehood ! 

Hence Doused ///. a.; Dou'sing vi/. sd., a 
drenching; also Dou‘ser, one who drenches. 

1788 M. Cutter in Life, ¥rnis. & Corr. (1888) 1. 416 A 
shower came on, and gave us a severe dousing. 1881 
Henty Cornet of Horse viii, A copious dousing of his face 
and head with water. 1883 Gd. Words Aug. 544/1 The 
‘doused’ and the ‘douser’ being at enmity. 

Douse, var. of Douce a., sweet. 

Douse, Douser, etc.: see Dowsg, etc. 

Dousen, obs. form of Dozen. 

Douseper(e)s, var. Douzerers, Ods. 

Douser: see under Dovse v.1 and 2. 

Dousing-chock, -rod: see Dowstne. 

Douspyers, doussepers, var. DouzerErs. 

Doussemer, obs. form of Dutcrmer. 

+Doust. Oés. [perh. a var. of DousE sé.1: cf. 
also Dust.) A firm blow, a punch. 

a@x625 Fretcner Nice Valour m. ii, Then there's your 
Souse, your wherrit, and r dowst, Tugs on the hair, your 
eb o' th’ lips, a whelp on't ! /did. 1v. i, How sweetly does 
this fellow take his dows¢. 1719 D'Urrey Pédis IL. 14 Our 
«-Knight..gave the Dragon such a doust. 

Doust(e, obs. form of Dust. - 

Dout (daut), v. Now dial. Also 6 dowt, (7 
doubt, 9 dought). [Coalesced form of do out: 
see Do v. 49.] ¢rans. To put out or extinguish (a 
fire or light). 

1526 J. Rastert undred Merry Tales (1866) 2 Dout the 
candell and dout the fyre. 1574 HELLowes Gueuara's Fam, 
Ef, 357 If in the place of snuffing, we dowt the candel. 1691 
Auicia D'Anvers Academia ts It flies about And douts one's 
ores and makes one cough. 1841 J.T. Hewerr Parish Clerk 
II. 141 Grist doughted his lantern. [In nearly every Dialect 
Glossary from Yorkshire to Isle of Wight.] 

Dout, sd. Now dia/. In 6 dowt. [f. prec.] 
A douter or extinguisher. 

1§73 in P. Cunningham Revels Acc. (Shaks. Soc.) 58 Bod- 
kyns and dowtes for lightes..xiiid. 1579 /did. 169 Dowtes 


DOUZEPERS. 
for Candells, vj snuffers vj paire, 1876 Whithy Gloss. Dowt, 


an extinguisher. 
Dout, -able, -ance, etc., obs. ff. Dour, etc. 
Doutch, obs. form of Dutcu. 


Dou‘ter. Now dal. [f. prec. vb.] One who or - 


that which douts or extinguishes; an extinguisher. 

1622 Naworth Househ. Bks. 200 For 2 tynder boxeis and 
4 dooters, xxij*. 1798 'T. Jerrerson Let. to }. Boucher 
- ae (MS.), Dout, do out the candle—hence a Pair of 

ters. 1848 Craven Dialect, Douter, extinguisher, 

Douter, obs. form of DAUGHTER. 

+ Douth (dip). Oés. Forms: 1 dugup, -o8, 
2-3 du3ze3, 3 dujep(e, duheb(e, do3eH(e, 
dowep, 4 doup(e, dupie, douth. [OE. dugup, 
-of worth, virtue, excellence, nobility, manhood, 
force, a force,an army, people, OFris. duged (M Du. 
dighet, Du. deugd), OUG. tugund, MHG. tugent, 
Ger. fugend virtue, ON. dygd virtue, probity (Sw. 
dygd; a Com. Germanic deriv. of dugan to be good 
or worth : see Dow z.1] 

1. Virtue, excellence, nobility, power, riches. 

a 1000 Hymns iii. 24 (Gr.) Ealra duzeda duzud, drihten 
halend! ¢117§ Lamb. Hom, 103 Slew6e. .bid eure unjearu 
to elchere duje 1225 Fuliana 5 Pe modi Maximien .. 
heiende head: .. wid heh duhede. a12go Prov. 
Alfred 177 in O. E. Misc. 112 Dowethes louerd. 

. Good deed, benefit. 


@ 1000 Crist 601 Seczen 
¢ 1205 Lay. 10438 Pa du3ede 

anhood. 

a1000 Andreas 152 (Gr.) Todzlan oats and zeozode. 
a 1a50 Owl & Night. 634 Lutle childre. . Dop al pat in heore 
3e03epe pat hi forletep in heore du3epe. i 

3. Men collectively ; company; army, retinue. 

O. E. Chron._an. 626 Se cining..was zefullod .. mid 
eallum his duzode. a 1000 Crdmon's Exod. 91 (Gr.) Duzop 
Israhela. cx20g Lay. 28005 Du3ede gon sturien. 13.. 
£.E. Allit. P. B. 597 dome of - joupe for dedez of 
schame. /éid. 1367 Vche duk wyth his duthe & oper dere 
lordes. 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1815 Pe douthe dressed to 
pe wod, er any day sprenged, to chace. a@ ——- 
Alexander 2627 Sone as ser Darie pe deth of his douth sees. 

4. Comb, as du3ede-wiht, -king, -mon. Also 
Dujedlice adv., virtuously, worthily. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 16844 Pat heo ma3en drihten du3edliche harien, 

Doutie, obs. form of Doucury. 

Doutro, doutry : see Dewrry. 

Douwere, -wir, var. Dower sd.1 Obs. 

|| Douzaine (dwzén). [Fr. = Dozen, q.v.] Jz 
the Channel Islands: A body of twelve men repre- 
senting a parish. Hence Douzainier (dizénio-1), 
(also 7-9 douzenier), a member of such a body. 

1682 W arsurton //ist, Guernsey (1822) 63 The Douzeniers 
. -Officiers .. chosen out of the..men..in the parish. 1862 
Anstep Channel /sl. 1. xxiii. (ed. 2) 521 Since 1844, the 
douzaines have been represented in the states by deputies, 
who are delegates rather than representatives. Jéd. 521 
note, In Guernsey, besides the d iniers, two bh 
are elected by the rate-payers for each douzaine. 1889 
Clark's Guernsey News 10 May 4/5 Douzeniers sworn-in, 

Douze, obs. form of DousE v.2 

Douzen, obs. form of Dozey. 

+ Douzepers (di#zapévrz), sb. pl. Obs. or arch. 
Forms: 3 dosse pers, dosseperes, dozze pers, 
3-4 dusze pers, 4 dousse pers, dosze-peres, 
duzze peres, duze pers, dussiperes, 4-5 dus- 
per(e)s, 5 dosipers, -perus, doseperys, dous- 
(se)pyers, dousepers, dozepers, duseperys, 
ducypers, dussepers, (doppe peres, dugeperes, 
duk-peris, dowchsperys, duchepers, -peiris), 
6 douseperes, dowsepers, -piers, dowsipers, 
dowsy peiris, (dyssypers, 7 Dutchpeeres), 
9 douze peers, douceperes ; also (without final s) 
3 duzeper, 5 dozepiere, duzepere, Rarely sing, 
4 doppeper, 4-5 doseper, 6 dowsypere, douce- 
pere, (douch-spere). [a. OF. douse (doce, duze) 
per(s, mod.F, douse pairs twelve equals, twelve 
peers. In English at length treated as one word, 
with a singular implying one of the class.] 

In the Xomances, the twelve peers or paladins of 
Charlemagne, said to be attached to his person, as 
being the bravest of his knights. In //istory 
applied to the twelve great peers, spiritual and 
temporal, of France, supposed to represent those 
attributed by the romances to Charlemagne. 

The historical twelve peers were orig. the Archbp. of 
Rheims, the Bps. of Laon, and Langres (ankiog as dukes), 
the Bps. of Beauvais, Chalons,and Noyon (ranking as counts), 
the Dukes of Normandy, Burgundy, — the Counts 
of Toul , Flanders, Champag (See Du Cange s.v. 
Pares Francia.) 


¢120§ Lay, 1622 Twelfe iferan. Pa Freinsce heo canes 
dusze pers [¢ 1275 dosseperes). c1275 Passion our Lord 3 
in O. £. Misc. 37 Nis hit nouht o! lemeyne ne of be 
Du . €1310 Flemish Insurr.in Pol. Si Camden) 
190 The Kyng of Fraunce .. anon Assemblede dousse 
pers. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1601 Pe 
twelue dosze- of pris. 13.. Coer de L. 12 Off Rowe- 
lond, and of biyver And of every doseper. 1375 Barnour 
Bruce WW. 440 duk-peris [v. . Dutch peeres: Wynt. 


he us dude whilen, 


dowc! ] wer Asse; In-till “git 
ikew 808 Erles, Dukes, the xij Bothe 
barons and Bache crg00 R & O. 16 His 


dusperes doghety. 1430 Lypa. Alin, Poems ( Soc.) 
25 Where been of Fraunce all the dozepiere? 1494 Fasyan” 


yhtne bonc duguda zehwylcre, 


4 
; 


DOVE, 


Wks. 1. clv. (R.), [Charles Martel] chase xii. perys, which 
after some wryters, are callyd doseperys, or kyngs, of y’ 
which vi. were bisshopys, and vi. temporall lords, xg03 
Hawes Examp. Virt. vit. xcix. (Arb.) 26 Charlemayne 
kynge of Fraunce With his dyssypers. Rowland and 
Olyuer. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. xxi. (R.), He was 
crowned by the assent of the twelve dowse-piers of Fraunce. 
¢1860 A. Scott Poems (S.'T. S.) ii. 12 Wes nocht so duchty 
deidis Amangis the dowsy peiris. 1828 Scorr /. M7. Perth 
xvi, Oliver, man? nay, then thou art one of the Douze 
ers already. 1864 Sxeat Uhdand’s Poems 350 King 
arles with all his doucéperes Across the ocean sailed. 


b. Applied to other illustrious nobles, knights, 


or grandees. Also with sing. 

2ax1400 Morte Arth. 66 At Carlelele a Cristynmese he 
haldes.. Wyth Dukez and dusperes of dyvers rewmes. 
a1400 Gloss. in Rel. Ant. 1. 8 Dolofes, dussiperes. a 1400 
Octouian 949 Ferst they sent out a doseper. c1440 York 
Myst. xxvi. 8 Nowdir with duke nor dugeperes. 
Bare Sed. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 317 Prelates, priests, monks, 
doctors, and other spiritual dowsipers. 1590 Srenser /’, Q. 
1. x. 31 Big looking like a doughty Doucepere, 

Dove (dzv), sb. Forms: 3-4 duve, 4-5 dofe, 
douf(e, douff(e, dowfe, douve, dowve, doo, (5 
doyf, 6 doffe), 4— dove, (.Sc. 5- dow, doo, 6 dou). 
[OE. *dufe, not found (unless as first element 
in dilife-doppa: see Divepor); = OS. dita, 
OFris. déve (MDu. dive, Du. duif), OHG. sAba, 
thipa (MHG. tide, Ger. taube), ON. difa (Sw. 
dufva, Da. due, Goth. dibo:—OTeut. *diidon, weak 
fem. Perhaps a deriv. of dué- to dive, dip (see 
Dive): cf. the analogous connexion of L. columba 
with Gr. xéAupBos diver, xoAvpBis diver (bird). 

In OE. the name was displaced by caulufre: see CULVER.) 

1. A bird of the Co/umbide, or pigeon family. 

Formerly, and still in dialects (dove, dow, doo) applied to 
all the species of pigeon native to or known in Britain, 
including the Wood-pigeon, Ring-dove, or Cushat-dove, the 
Rock-dove or Rock pigeon, the Stock-dove, and the Turtle- 
dove; but now often restricted to the last, and its congeners. 
Most of the exotic species are called pigeons, e.g. the 
Passenger-pigeon of America, dove being restricted to those 
which in appearance or habits resemble the turtle-doves. 
‘The dove has been, from the institution of Christianity, the 
type of gentleness and harmlessness, and occupies an 
important place in Christian symbolism : cf. sense 2. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 49 Bud admode alse duue.. Turtlen 
and duues. a1300 Cursor M. 1901 (Cott.) [Noe] sent be 
dofe eftsith. 7d. 10775 (Cott.) A duu [z. 77. dowe, doufe, 
dove] pat was fra heuen send. ¢1380 WycuiF Serm. Sel. 
Wks. I. 78 The Spirit cam doun..and pis Spirit was pis 
dowfe. 1388 — Prov. vi. 5 Be thou rauyschid as a doo fro 
the hond. ¢x4s0 Hottanp /How/lat 231 The Dow, Noyis 
messinger. 1481 Caxton Godfrey cxlvi. 219 They .. bonde 
thoo lettres to the tayles of the douues, and lete them flee. 
e1gso Cuexe Afatt. ili. 16 He saw y® sprite of god coming 
down like a dow and lighting apon him. 1590 Snaks. 
Mids. N. 1. i. 171, I sweare .. By the simplicitie of Venus 
Doues. 1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 180 The common 
wild Dove or Pigeon. 1712 Pope Messiah 12 And on its 
top descends the mystic Dore: 2842 ‘TENNYSON Gardener's 
Dau, 88 Voices of the well-contented doves. 

b. With prefixed word defining the species, as 
vinged-, spring dove. Blue dove (Yorksh.), the 
Rock dove. Bush dove, the Stock dove. Wre- 
kin dove (Sa/op), the Turtle dove. Also CusHat-, 
Grounp-, Rinc-, Rock-, Stock-, TuRTLE-, Woop- 
DOVE, etc., q.v. in their alphabetical places. 

©2386 Cuaucrr Sir Thopas 59 The. thrustelcock..The 
wodedowue. ¢1532 Dewes /utrod. Fr. in Palsgr.g11 The 
rynged dove, 4 ramier; the stocke dove, le creuset. 18.. 

HITTIER Hymns fr. Lamartine 1. vi, Thought after 
thought, ye thronging rise Like spring-doves from the 
startled wood. * 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 167 
Stock Dove (Columba anas). Bush dove. bid. 168 Rock 
Dove (Columba Hvia), also called.. Blue dove (North 
Riding). /did. 169 Turtledove (Turtur communis), it is 
also called in Shropshire, Wrekin dove. 

ce. Greenland-dove, sea- (turtle-) dove = DOVEKIE. 
Sea-dove, a kind of fish (see quot. 1753). 

1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 326 The Greenland-Dove or 
Sea-Turtle. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Columba Green- 
landica .. called in English, the sea turtle dove. /did., 
Columba marina, the sea dove .,the name of an East Indian 
fish, and appearing to be a species of the orbis, or moon-fish. 
1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 218 Black Guillemot 
(Uria Grylle), from the great attachment sHown to each 
other by the male and female. .this bird has received the 
names: Greenland dove (Orkney Isles), Rock dove (Ireland). 

2. fig. and transf. a. Applied to the Holy Spirit. 

[In reference to Luke iii. 22, and parallel places.) 

[13 ..Coer de et On hys crest. a douve whyte, Sygny- 
fycacioun off the Holy Spryte.] 1707 Watts Hymn, Come, 
_ Holy Spirit, heavenly Dove, With all thy quickening powers. 
1713 WarpER True Amazons (ed. 2) 168 By thy sweet Dove 
now (from above) And always taught to pray. 1779 Cow- 
PER //ymin, ‘O. Vib echiessinark i apaien: Cole Dove, return, 
1827 Kesie Chr. Y., Whit-sunday iii, Softer than gale at 
morning prime, Hovered his holy Dove. 

b. A messenger of peace and deliverance from 
anxiety, as was the dove to Noah (Gev. viii. 8-12). 

1623 (/i¢/e), The Essex Dove presenting the World with a 
few of her Olive-branches; or, a Taste of the Works of the 
Rev. John Smith. 1849 Lyrron Caxtons 1. ii, He will be 
a dove of peace to your ark, 

e. A gentle, innocent, or loving woman or child ; 
also *f an innocent or simpleton. 

1596 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. ut. ii. 159 Tut, she’s a Lambe, 
a Doue, a foole to him. 1771 Foote Maid of B. Prol. Wks. 
1799 II. 200 The gaming fools are doves, the knaves are 
rooks. 1850 Tennyson /z Mem. vi, O somewhere, meek 
unconscious dove, Poor child, that waitest for thy love ! 


-Is not that worth waiting for, my dow? 


621 


d. An appellation of tender affection. 

€3906 Cuaucer Merch. 7. 897 Rys vp — wyf, my loue, 
my lady free .. my dowue sweete. c1q450 Henryson Jor. 
Fab. 73 The caller cryed: Hald draught, my dowes. 
1535 (Cavesone Song Sol. v.2 O my sister, my loue, my 
doue, my derlinge. 1602 Suakxs. Ham. 1v. v. 167 Fare you 
wellmy Doue. 1764 Foote Mayor of G. 1. Wks. 1799 I. 171 
Shall I wait upon you, dove? 1816 Scotr Old Mort. vi, 
1855 ‘TENNYSON 
Maud 1, xxii. 61 She is coming, my dove, my dear. 

3. An image of a dove as a symbol of innocence, 
etc. ; also, the vessel enclosing the pyx formerly 
used in the East and in France. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron, (1568). II. 801 The Lorde 
Lisle Vicount bare the rod with the doffe, which signifieth 
innocencie. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2309/3 Count Drascouitz 
bearing the Truncheon..Count Erdeodi the Dove. 1849-53 
Rock Ch. of Fathers III. ii. 203 (Cent.) There generally 
were two vessels : the smaller one, orthe pix..the larger cup, 
or dove, within which the other was shut up. 1896 Daily 
Chron. 19 May 3/5 ‘The Archbishop delivered the Sceptre to 
her [the Queen’s] right hand, a rod, with a dove on the top, 
being placed by him in her left, the ‘rod of equity and 
mercy’. 

4. Astron. Dove of Noah. (See quot.) 

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 363/% Columba Noachi (con- 
stellation), the dove of Noah, a constellation formed by 
Halley, close to the hinder feet of Canis Major. 

5. Combinations. 

a. attrib., as dove-hut, -messenger, -monger, 
-pinion, -taker, etc.; instrumental, as dove-drawn, 
adj.; similative and parasynthetic, as dove-form, 
-green, -grey ; dove-feathered, -footed, -robed, adjs. 

1610 SHAKS. Jef. Iv. i. 94, I met her deity [Venus]..and 
her Son *Doue-drawn with her, 1878 P. Ropinson J/y Jud. 
Garden 205 The dove-drawn goddess. 1592 SHAKS. Nom. & 
Ful. ii. 76 Rauenous * Doue-feather’d Rauen, 1820 Keats 
Lamia 1. 42 The God, *dove-footed, glided silently Round 
bush and tree. 1891 Miss Dowr Girl in Narp. 287 A 
huge bank of..*dove-grey cloud. 1650 FuLLER /’7sgah 
ut. ix. 429. Purging of the temple from *dove-mongers. 
1552 Hutoet, *Doue taker, wolumbarinus. 

b. Special comb.: + dove-bird, the young of 
a dove, a young pigeon (oés.); dove-colour, a 
warm grey with a tone of pink or purple; so 
dove-coloured ; Aove-dock, the coltsfoot; dove- 
flower =dove-plant (Treas. Lot.); dove’s-foot, 
the plant Geranium molle, and some other small 
species of cranesbill; dove-hawk, the dove- 
coloured falcon or hen-harrier (Circus cyaneus) ; 
dove-plant, an orchid of Central America, /er7- 
sterta elata; Aove-tick, a blind mite parasitic 
on pigeons; dove-wood, the wood of A/chornea 
/atifolia, a euphorbiaceous tree of the West Indies. 

cxz00 Trin. Coll. Hon. 47 Two turtle briddes . gif hie 
was poure, two *duue briddes. ¢ 1440 Vork Alyst. xii. 250 
We haue doyf:byrdes two. 1475 Pict. Voc. in. Wr. 
Wiilcker 760/43 Hic pipio, dowbyrd. 1598 FLorto, Colom- 
bine, *doue colour. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Columbine, 
a_kind of violet-colour, called also dove-colour. 1825 J. 
Neat Bro. Yonathan Il. 164 A *dove-coloured silk mitten. 
1812 J. HENDERSON Ayric. Surv. Caithn. 84 (Jam.) The 
arable land was much infested with: .the *dove-dock. 1548 
Turner Names of Herbes 100 *Douefote, Geranium molle. 
1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xxxii. 47 Doue foote. 1756 Watson 
in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 841 Doves-foot, or Doves-foot 
Cranes-bill. 1882 Garden 10 June 401/3 ‘The Dove plant 
..the beautiful Holy Ghost flower of the Spaniards. 

ve, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To 
treat as a dove; to call ‘dove’. 

1864 Browninc 700 Late viii, Loved you and doved you. 

Dove (dé"v), occasional pa. t. of DIVE v. 

Dovecot, -cote (duvkpt). Also 6 dowcatte, 
Sc. doocot, dooket. [f. Dove sé. + Cor, Core.] 
A house for doves or pigeons; usually placed at a 
height above the ground, with openings for the 
doves to enter by, and internal provision for roosting 
and breeding.. 

c1425 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 670 Hoc columbare, dowecote. 
a@1goo in Burton & Raine Heminbrough 390 A parcell of her 
plase to set a doufecot on. 1803 Sc. Acts Fas. /V (1597) 
§ 74 Parkes with Deare, stankes, cunningares, dowcattes. 
1607 SHAks. Cor. v. vi. 115 Like an Eagle in a Doue-coat. 
1703 MAUNDRELL Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 3 You find here more 
Dove-Cots than other Houses. 1815 Scorr Guy M. xxii, 
For the moor-fowl. .they lie as thick as doos in a dooket. 

Jig. 1893 Ch. Times 6 Oct. 995/3 The flutter that. has 
excited the journalistic dovecot. ; 

+2. transf. A set or block of pigeon-holes. Ods. 

1652 Br. Hatt Juvisible World 1, vi, f aman distressed 
with.care for the missing of an important evidence. .shall be 
informed ..in what hole of his dovecote he shall find it hid. 

3. Comb., as dovecot-breaker, -door, -pigeon. 

1847 TENNYSON Princ. 1v, 151 When some one batters 
at the dovecote-doors, 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. s.v., 
Dovecot breakers, and stealers of pigeons. 1871 Darwin 
Desc. Manu, xiv. U1. 118 Dove-cot-pigeans dislike all the 
highly improved breeds. ¥ 

‘ve-ey:ed, a. Having eyes like a dove; 
meek, gentle or soft-eyed.. 

1717 E. Fenton Poems 38 (Jod:) Peace, Dove-eyed, and 
robed in white, 1826 Disraeii Viv, Grey ut. vi, Dove-eyed 
Hope. 1895 A. Dosson Sundial vii, A second lady.. 
Dove-eyed, dove-robed, and something wan and pale, 

Do'vehouse. Also 5 duffehous, duffous, 
etc. A house for doves; a dovecot. 

14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 730 [oc columbare, dowfhows. 
1463 Bury Wills Perey “hey The gardynes, berne, and 
duffous. 1530 Parscr. 215 Dove house... Dufhouse, colzm- 
bier, 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 175 The sides cut full of holes 


DOVETAIL. 


(in manner of a doue-house). 1887 C. W. Boase Oxford 22 
‘There had been elm walks. .with dove-houses. 

attrib. 1892 SHaxs. Rom. & Fud. 1. iii. 28 Sitting in the 
Sunne vnder the Douehouse wall. 1807 VANcouveR Agric. 
Devon (1813) 357 Overstocked with dove-house pigeons. 

b. fg. A small petty house or place. 

1523 Lp. Berners Fvoss. I. ccclxi. 587 Howe is it .. that 
this peuysshe doue-house holdeth agaynst vs so longe? 

Dovekie (dzvvki). Also doveca, -key, -ky. 
[Sc. dim. of dove: cf. lasstkie, wifikie, or -ockie 
(which are of 3 syllables), and see Dove 1 c, Dovig 
b.] An arctic bird, the Black Guillemot (Ura 
Grylle). 

x82r A. Fisner ¥rn/. 27 Another species of diver was seen 
today..it is called by the seamen, Dovekey. 1823 Scoresby 
Gral. Whale Fishery 421 Colymbus Grylle—Tyste or 
Doveca. 1835 Sir J. C. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. liv. 693 The 
second dovekie of the season was seen. 1859 M’CLINTOCK 
Voy. Fox 95 Seals and dovekies are now common. 

ovelet (du'vlét). A little or young dove. 

1825 SoutHey Paraguay 1. 43 This dovelet nestled in their 
leafy bower. 1850 BLackie Aeschylus 11.174 As the dove 
her dovelets nursing. , 

Dovelike (dv-vlaik), a. and adv. Like a dove; 
after the manner of a dove. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 726 Doue-like sim- 
plicitie. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. 1. 21 ‘Vhou (O Spirit)... Dove- 
like satst brooding on the vast Aby 1710 Pork Il indsor 
For, 430 Where Peace..scatters blessings from her dovelike 
wing. 1810 Cosperr //ist, Reform. xili. § 391 ‘They have 
not always been in the same dove-like mood. 

Do'veling. [-uinc.] A young dove; also, a 
term of affection for a little child. 

@1618 Sytvester Alem. Alortalitie u. xlix, An old Sir 
‘Tameass .. to doat On Venus Dovelings. 1888 //arfer’s 
Mag. Apr. 748, I will be thy little mother, my doveling. 

+ Do'vely, a. Obs. [-LY !.] Dove-like ; gentle. 

14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII, 183 Wip an aungels 
contenans and douvely sympilnesse. @ 1603 I. Cartwricnt 
Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 300 The Douely spirit of God. 

Dover ((dé"va1), a. Se. and north. dial. [app. 
a frequentative of dial. dove in same sense; cf. OL. 
dofung dotage, also ON. dofna, Goth. dauduan, 
to become heavy, flat, or dead.] 

1. trans, To send off into a light slumber ; to 
stun, stupefy. rare. 

(But in first quot. it may-be pa. pple. of the intr. sense ) 

1513 Doucias -2xeis viz “1. 12 This is the hald rycht 
Of Gaistis, Schaddois, Sleip, and douerit Nycht. 1853 
Fraser's Mag. XLVIII. 695 The powder that dovers the 
unhappy off to sleep. . 

2. zutr. ‘To slumber, to be in a state betwixt 
sleeping and waking’ (Jam.); to doze. 

1806 A. Douct.as Poems 139 (Jam.) She was begun to 
dover. 1826 Scott 9ru/. 10 Dec., With great intervals 
of drowsiness and fatigue which made me, as we Scots say, 
dover away in my arm-chair. 1892 in Northumbld. Gloss. 

Dover, sb. Sc. and north, dial. [f. prec. vb.] 
‘A slumber, a slight unsettled sleep’ (Jam. ) 

1820 Blackw. Mag. Nov. 203 (Jam.) My mother had laid 
down ‘th’ Afflicted Man’s Companion’, with which she had 
read the guidman into a sort 0 dover. 1880 J. I’. S. Gor- 
pon Bk. Chron, Keith 32 Get a dover in the day time. 

Dove-ship, zonce-wd.: see Dove and -sHIP. 

a1656 Br. Hatt Serm. Beauty, &c. Church (T.), Let our 
dove-ship approve itselfe in meeknesse of suffering. 

+ Do-vess, dovese, ds. [f. Dove sb.+ss.] 
A female dove. 

1432-50 tr. ///gden (Rolls) V. 71 A dovese come and sate 
on his hedde. 

Dovetail (davtzZl), sé. 

1. Something in the shape of a dove’s tail. 

(1616 Surrt. & Maru. Country Farme 436 Hang in 
some high place vvith a wvire, or doues-tayle of yron, a glasse 
vessell.]_ 1703 Moxon lech. Exerc. 52 A Dufftail, is a 
Figure made in the form of a Doves-tail, 

b. spec. A tenon cut in the shape of a dove’s 
tail spread, or of a reversed wedge, to fit into an 
indenture or mortise of corresponding shape; also, 
a mortise shaped to receive such a tenon. 

1674-91 Ray N.C. Words 22 A Dootle; a Notch..Doo 
tail, 1.e. Dovetail, because like a Pigeon’s tail extended. 
1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 82 The blocks themselves 
were. .formed into large dovetails..so as mutually to lock 
one another together. 1880 Miss Birv Japan L. 64 Very 
beautifully joined by mortices and. dovetails, 4 

2. = Dovetail jownt ; A fastening or joint composed 
of tenons cut in the shape of an expanded dove’s 
tail, fitting into mortises of corresponding shape. 

1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Securicla..A swallowe tayle 
or dooue tayle in carpenters workes, which is a fastning of 
twa peeces of timber or bourdes togither that they can not 
away. 1594 PLat Yewedl-ho. 11. 26 Make a foure square 
box’. close the sides well with dove tailes or cement. 
3731~7 Miter Gard. Dict. s.v. Wine Press, These cross 
Pieces are placed upon.the Posts which are joined into the 
Ground-plate by.a Dove-tail. 1876 Gwitt. Archit. Gloss., 
Dove.tail, a joint..is the strongest method of joining 
masses, because the tenon or piece of wood widens as it 
extends, so that it cannot be drawn out. 

b. Her. (See quot. 1766.) 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 19 [This form of line] is 
termed patée or Dovetail, from a term of art used by the 
joiners. 1766 Porny Elem. Her. Gloss, Dove-tail, term 
..to denote a kind of Partition, wherein the two different 
Tinctures are set within one another, in such a manner, 
as to represent the form of the tails of Doves or Wedges 


reversed. 
3. attrib. and Comb., as dovetail fashion, dovetail. 
wise ady.; of the shape of a dovetail, as dove-tazl 


SS. 


DOVETAIL. 


groove, key, mortise, rail, socket, tenon, wedge: 
employed in making dovetails, as dovetail-cutter, 

-marker, -plane, -saw ; dovetail-file, a thin file 
with atin or brass back, like that of a dovetail saw ; 
dovetail-hinge, a hinge having the outer edges 
of the leaves wider than the hinging edges; 
dovetail-joint, (a) Joinery: a tenon-and-mortise 
joint, in which the tenons are shaped like a dove’s 
tail; (6) Amat.: a serrated articulation or suture, 
as in the bones of the skull; hence dovetat/-jointed 
adj.; dovetail-moulding, 47ci., an ornament 
consisting of a moulding arranged in the form of 
a series of figures like dove-tails; the triangular 
fret moulding; dovetail-plate (see quot.) ; dove- 
tail-wire, a wire wedge-shaped in cross-section. 

1885 Fortnt. in WVageonette 26 Sketchit and I dispose of 
our legs in *dovetail fashion. 1776 G. CamrBeLt. Philos. 
Rhet. Ul. 412 (R.) After the invention of *dove-tail joints. 
1848 C. C. Ciirrorp Aristoph. Frogs 30 Well put together, 
*dovetail-jointed. 1853 Sir H. Douctas Milt, Bridges 
(ed. 3) 323 Pieces of timber. .fastened together by “dovetail 
keys and wedges. 1846 PARKER Gloss. Arch. (1875) 158 
Mouldings .. the Double Cone, the *Dovetail, the Em- 
battled, [etc.]. c 1850 Rudim. Navig, (Weale) 115 *Dove- 
tail plates. Metal plates formed like dovetails, and used 
to confine the heel of the stern-post and keel together. 
1812-16 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art I. 107 The *dove- 
tail-saw is used by joiners and cabinet-makers in dove- 
tailing drawers [etc.]. 1876 Routtepcr Discov. 24 A 
hammer face is attached to the bottom of the cylinder by 
a kind of *dovetail socket. 1679 Evetyn Diary 23 July, 
Some of the rooms [were] floored *dove-tail-wise without 
a nail. 4793 Smraton Edystone L. § 82 Cut dovetail-wise. 

Dovetail, v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. ¢rans. To fit together or join by means of dove- 
tails, or by a similar method. Const. 2, 7720, fo. 

1657 R. Licon Barbadoes (1673) 193 That the girders be 
strong, and very well Dove-tayld, one into another. 1 
Luptam in PAil. Trans. LV. 207 Into this is dove-tail'’d 
the upright back KK. 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. § 2285e, 
Steps and risers mitred to cut string, and dovetailed to 
balusters. 1855 Ramssottom Odstetr. Med. 17 The bones 
are not dove-tailed into each other as in the adult. 

2. fig. To unite compactly as if by dovetails; to 
adjust exactly, so as to form a continuous whole. 

1815 Sporting Alay. XLVI. 71 The difficulty of dove- 
tailing the component parts of the farce into each other. 
1826 E. Irvine Bahylon 1. iii. 213 We have..as it were, 
dove-tailed it [book of Revelation] with the Prophecy of 
Daniel. 1861 Getkie FE. Forbes x. 293 The readiness with 
which Forbes had begun to dovetail zoology and geology. 

3. intr. To fit into each other, so as to form a 
compact and harmonious whole or company. 

1817 Keats Lett. Wks. 1889 ILI. 99 Several things dove- 
tailed in my mind, and at once it struck me what quality 
went to form a man of achievement. 1833 T. Hook 
Parson's Dan Mt. ix. 451 The guests did not seem to me to 
dovetail. 1885 Stupps Lect. Aled. & Alod. Hist. ii. 31 
The professorial and tutorial systems have not yet dove- 
tailed into one another. 

Hence Do-vetailed ///. 2., fitted together or com- 
pacted by dovetailing; Do'vetailedness, dove- 
tailed condition ; Do-vetailing 7/. 5). and ff/. a. ; 
also Do'vetailer. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dovetaild, is aterm among Joyners. 
1703 T. N. City & C. Purchaser 33 Fasten the .. pieces of 
‘Timber well together. .with..Dove-tailing. 1775 Romans 
Hist. Florida 200 Ascomfortable house of square cypress 
timber, dove-tailed. 1821 T. D. Fossroxe Berkeley MSS. 
224 A very dove-tailing analogy. 1823 New Monthly Mag. 
VII. 2 Manufacturers of tragedy and dovetailers of melo- 
dram. 1825 J. NicHotson Oferat. Mechanic 588 There 
are three sorts of dovetailing; viz. common, lap, and 
mitre. 1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 736/t (The cranial 
bones] are united .. by the dove-tailing of their edges. 
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xxiv, Akind of a universal dove- 
tailedness with regard to place and time. 1864 Sat, Rev. 
31 Dec. 789 A ‘dovetailed and tesselated' Cabinet. 
.Dovetailed, a. [f. Doverain sd. +-Ev 2.] 

1. Having a tail like a dove; shaped like a dove's 
tail; having a dovetail. 

1721 Perry Daggenh. Breach 53 There is no other way. . 
to secure the said bad Ground but by driving Dovetail'd 
Piles. 1726 Leon: A lberti’s Archit. 1. 50/2 Cramps. .of 
Wood are .. secured by their shape, which is .. such ., that 
for resemblance, they are call’d Swallow, or Dove-tail'd. 
1838 Jas. Grant Sk, Lond. 163 Some coal-heaver rejoicing 
ina dove-tailed hat, which overspreads his neck and shoulders, 

2. Her. Broken into dovetails, as a dividing 
line ; cf. Doveratn sé. 2 b. 

1868-82 Cussans //er. ii. 

Dovie, dovey (dz'vi). [Dim. or pet-form of 
Dove: see -1£, -Y.] A term of affection: Little 
or dear dove. b. A local name of the Dovektr. 

1769 Public Advertiser 18 May 4/2 The domestic Lovies 
and Dovies. 1819 Metropolis 111. 252 My dearest love— 
lovey, dovey! 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 218 
Black Guillemot..Sea dovie (Forfar). 

+ Do-vish, a. Oss. [f. Dove+-IsH.] Of or 
pertaining to the dove; dovelike. 

1537 Latimer Sevm. bef Convoc. 8 It is like the policie of 
the serpent, and is joyned with douish simplicitie. 146 
Confut, N. Shaxton G iv b (T.) Contempte of thys world, 
doveyshe simplicitie, serpentlike wysdome. 

Dow (dau), v.! Now Sce.and north.dial. Forms: 
Pres. t. 1 and 3 sing. 1. déaz3, déah [ = Goth. 
dauh, OHG. touc, OS. dég]; 1-3 des, 2 deeh, 3 
deh, degh, 3-4 deih, 4-7 dowe, 5— dow (7 dou); 


622 
in 3rd sing. 4 dowes, 8-9 dows; flural 1 duzon 
[=OS. dugun, OHG. tugun]; 2-3 duzen, 4 dou- 
we(n, 4-7 dowe, 5- dow. Ja. ¢. 1 dohte 
[= Goth. *dauhta, OHG. tohta]; 3 douhte, 4 
dought(e, doht, doght, du3t, dught, 4- dought, 
.dowed, Sc. 5— docht, doucht, dowcht, 6 ducht. 


[One of the original Teutonic preterite-present 


verbs (see Can, Dake, May): OE. dugar to avail, 
be strong, good, worthy, of use, = OS. dugan, 
OFris. duga (MDu. déghen, Du. deugen), OHG. 
tugan, (MHG. tugen, Ger. faugen), Goth. dugan, 
ON. duga (Sw. duga, Da. due):—OTeut. dugan. 
The original inflexion déag (:—OTeut. daug) of 
the singular present was in 14th c. supplanted by 
dow from the plural, the 3rd sing. being sometimes 
made dows. For the original pa. t. dohle (:—OTeut. 
duhta) retained in Sc. as docht, dought, a levelled 
form dowed is occasional from 14the. Both forms 
are used by Scott in sense 5.] 

+1. intr. To be good, strong, valiant, vigorous, 
manly, virtuous. Only OZ. 

Beowulf (Th) 1057 Deah du heado rasa zehwer dohte. 
a1000 Father's Instr. 4 (in Exeter Bk.) Do 4 patte duge. 
@ 1000 Satan 283 (Gr.) Se de his heorte deah. 

+2. To be valid, or of value; to be worth or 
good for anything. Oés. 

¢ 1200 OrMIN 4872 Icc amm patt bing batt nohht ne dah, 
a1a7s Prov. /Elfred 506 in O. E. Misc. 132 On him pu 
maist pe tresten, yif [h]is tro3pe degh. /bid. 546. 133 
Hwile pine dazes duzen. cx Havelok 703 Al he solde, 
pat outh douthe [=ouht douhte]. ¢ Ko Sir Tristr. 1126 
Neuer no dou3t him day For sorwe he hadde oni3t. ¢ 4 
R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 133 Thebald nouht ne deith. 
1508 Dunsar 7a Mariit Wemen 370 Eftir dede of that 
drupe, that docht nought in chalmir. 1530 Lynpesay 7es¢. 
Papyngo 69 It dowe no thyng bot for to deiectit. 1788 
W. Marsnatt Forksh. Gloss., Dow, to..be useful ; as ‘he 
dows for nought’, he is good for nothing. , 

+ 3. To be of use or profit to any one; to avail. 
Chiefly zmpersonal. Obs. 

cgso Lin.tisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 26 Huet fordon dex menn? 


a 1100 O. E. Chron. an. 1006 Det him na®or ne dohte ne 
innhere ne uthere. a@rz00 Cursor AL. 10771 (Cott.) Quen 
ioseph sagh na hide ne dught [r7me broght]. 13.. £. £. 


Aluit. P. B. 374 No3t dowed bot pe deth in pe depe stremez. 
Ibid. C. 50 What dowes me pe cedayn, oper dispit make? 
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 5001 Iff yow do pus in dede, it doghis 
the bettur. 1§13 Dovctas ners vit. Prol. 1 Of drefling 
and dremis quhat dow it to endyt? 1590 R. Bruce Serm. 
on Sacr. G vij. (Jam.) So this argument dow not. 

+4. To be good, fitting, or proper for any one ; 
to become, befit, behove. Usually zmpers. 

axa2g Leg. Kath. 2228, & biburiede hire as hit deh 
martir. axza2ag Juliana 51 Milde and meoke..as meiden 
deh to beonne. a x2ag Ancr. R. 420 Swuch ping pet ou ne 
deih forto habben. 14.. 7undale's Vis. go7 As wemen 
doght. c1450 Mer/in 47 Blase axed what he dought to do. 

5. To have the strength or ability, to be able (to 
do something). 

a 1300 Cursor MM. 23771 (Cott.) Fight he aght ai quils he 
dught, and fle quen he langer ne moght. a 1400-50 A /ex- 
ander 4058 Vnde[djlynes to dele I dowe na ways. 
1500-20 Dunbar Poents xviii. 14 Thocht he dow not to leid 
a tyk. 1573 Satir. Poems Reform. xxxix. 38 Scho.. 
dang the frenchmen, quhilk we docht not do. 1637 
RutnerrorD Lett, (1862) I. 203 Ye may not, ye cannot, ye 
dow not want Christ. 1645 J/unim. Bre h Irvine (1891) 
II. 58 Our inhabitants who ducht not win away by sey. 
1724 Ramsay 7ea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 2 She doughtna let her 
lover mourn. 1786 Burns Earnest Cry & Prayer Postscr. 
iii, They downa bide the stink o’ powther. 1816 Scorr 
Antig. xxiii, | never dowed to bide a hard turn o' wark in 
my Ife. 1818 — //rt, Mid?. xxiii, As well as a woman in 
her condition dought. 

6. To do well, thrive, prosper. 

1674 Ray NV. C. Words 13 To Daw or Dou: to thrive.. 
He'll never dow, i.e. He will never be good. a1758 A. 
Ramsay Poems (1877) 11. 174 Unty’d to a man., We never 
can thriveordow, 1811 Wittan W.. Riding Gloss.(E.D.S.), 
Don, dan, to do well, to prosper. 1855 Rosixson Whitby 
Gloss., March grows Never dows. 3 

Hence Dow'ing ///. a., + valiant, virtuous (0ds.) ; 
thriving. 

cxr7g Lamb. Hom. iy 2 Swa swa pan alden bihouad 
duzende pewas. cxr20g Lay. 4123 Dunwale was pe 
duzende mon. 1845 JAmreson s. v., A dowing bairn, 

+ Dow, v.2 Ods. Also 4-5 doue, dowe. [a. F. 
doue-r (12th c.) :—L. détare to portion out, bestow, 
f. dds, dét-em dowry.] 

1. trans. To enrich with pro’ ; = Enpow 2. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 520 And the churche ifounded in 
a mory place, called Muryfelde, and Idowed of the ye y- 
lege of the: citee by kyng Henry. 1362 Lanot. ?. 4 
xv. 519 Constantyn .. holykirke dowed With londes and 
ledes. 1382 Wycur Z-rod, xxii. 16 He shal dowe hir and 
he shal have hir to wijf. 1403 Vork Manna (Surtees) 
p. xvi, Wyth my gyftys I dow the. 1483 Caxton Gold. 
Leg. 431 The abbay of royalmonte whyche he founded and 
dowed with grete reuenewe and rentes. 

2. To invest with something ; = Enpow 3 a. 

c1420 Anturs of Arth. lii, Here I doue the as Duke. 
¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3750 She was dowyd with eterne 
cristis ffruycionne, 

3. To bequeath, give as an endowment. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7 roydus v. 230 O lady myn..To whom for 
eueremo myn herte I dowe. 

Hence Dow'ing vé/. sb., endowment, dower. 

1382 Wyciir £-rod. xxii. 17 He shal 3eeld the money after 
the maner of dowyng that maydens weren wont to tak, 


DOWAGERSHIP. 
¢1450 Mirour Saluacii Dampned sawles and the 
shal haf no swilk Ma tf. 


Bow (dau), v.3 Se. north, dial. [Deriv; 
doubtful ; possibly a Sc. form of Dutt v. ora ME, 
*doll-en: cf. Dowtr = dolly, Dutty.] 

zntr. To lose brightness or freshness; to fade; 
to become dull or musty; to fall into a sleepy 
state. Chiefly in fa. pple. Dowed, dow’d, be- 
come a ete. 

1 f sten Men (W.de W. 1 iv. People 
biynded pad homed sacabuer sjnnese pitas tem 
Osporne Lett. to Temple (1883) 59 I was so tired with my 
journey, so dowd with my cold. 1737 Ramsay Sc. Prov. 


(1776) 21 (Jam.) Cast na out the dow’d water till ye get 
the fresh. ¢1746 J. Cottier (Tim Bobbin) View Lance. 
Dial. Gloss., Dowd, flat; dead; spiritless. AINSLIE 
in Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 111. 95 The day begins to 
dow. 1 Batiantine in Whistle-binkie (1890) 11. 292 


As dowed the outward rind The core it grew the dearer. 
1875 Lanc. Gloss., It's as dowd as dyke wayter. 

+ ww, v-4 Obs. [Used by Caxton to render 
MDnu. duwen.] trans. To press, squeeze, wring. 

1481 Caxton g tagied (Arb.) 61, 1 dowed [ic duwede] 
the cony bytwene his eeris that almost I benamme his lyf 
from hym. /éid. 111 The sore wryngyng that 
dowed [duwede) and wronge his genytours. 

Dow, obs. form of DoucH; Sc. var. of Dove. 

Dow, earlier and more correct form of Duow. 

1799 J. Jackson Yourn. from India 3 Observed a dow in 
chase of us. /éiéd. 5 A large Arab dow. 

Dowable (dawab’l), a. Law. [a. AF. dowadle, 
f. F. douer to portion, Dow v.*] Capable of being 
endowed ; entitled to dower. 

(1292 Britton v. i. § 5 Femmes dowables des terres et des 
tenementz.] 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 10. § Her 
husband or heredi , whereof she was 
before dowable. 1613 Sin H. Fincn Law (1636) 36 If the 
heire indow the ancestors wife, though she were not dow- 
able, yet she shall holdin dower. x Brackstone Comme, 
II. viii. 131 A seisin in law of the husband will be as 
effectual as a seisin in deed, in order to render the wife 
dowable. 1858 Lp. St. Leonarvs Handy Bk, Prop. Law 
xviii. 131 Is my wife dowable of any part of it? 

+ Dowage. Ovs. rare. [a. obs. F. douage 
dowry, f. dower: see prec.] Dower, dowry. 

1538 Levanp /fin. 11. 55 A Park wont to be yn dowage to 
the Quenes of Englande. 1608 Merry Devil Edmonton in 
Hazl. Dodsley X. 220 Thy revenues cannot reach To make 
her dowage of so rich a jointure As can the heir of wealthy 
Jerningham. 

+ Hence Dow'ageable a. Obs. rare, dowable. 

x Gayton Charity Triumph. 7 Your Virgin, whom 
shat bso to make as famous as your Honour has made 
her Dowagable. 

er (dau'4dza1). Also 6 do-, dou-, 
dowagier, douager. [a. OF. douagere, -iere, 
douaygere, dowaigiere, doagiere widow enjoying a 
dower, fem. of douaigier, etc. (= mod.F.douairier), 
f. douaye dower + -ter, -ER2 2. 

A woman whose husband is dead and who is 
in the enjoyment of some title or some property 
that has come to her from him. Often added to 
the title so enjoyed, as princess-, gueen-dowager, 
dowager-duchess, -queen, -lady, etc. 

(App. first used of Mary Tudor, widow of Louis XII; 
then of Catherine cf Arragon, styled ‘ Princess Dowager’.) 


the foxe 


1530 Patscr. Ep. to Hen. VIII, Your. .most entirely be- 
loved suster quene Mary douagier of France. Fabyan's 
Chron. Contn. vu. 700 In January dyed Katherine 
princes dowager [printed -yer). 1558 Forrest Grysilde Sec. 
(1875) 93 They gaue her to name Ladye Dot . 1590 
Suaxs. Mids. N. 1. i. 157, I haue a W: Aunt, 


a dowager, Of great reuennew. 1613 — Hen, V///, u. iv. 
180 Respecting this our Marriage with the Do Some- 
times our Brothers Wife. a Crarennon //ist, Red. 
xu. § 154 The two Deveans his mother and grandmothe) 
having great joyntures out of the estate. 1701 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 3745/2 She was ac ied by the Di 
her Mother, and by the Dutchess-Dowager. 1754 
low 
1809 Naval Chron. XXI11. 276 


Hist. Eng. 1. xii. 277 He sed Eleanor, 
William 1 of Pem' e. 
Mrs. Innes, Dowager, of Sandsi a Freeman Norm, 
Cong. (1876) 1. vi. 411 A marriage with their dowager aunt. 
+b. Loosely used. (In Drayton, app. =‘ lady 
holding in-dower’.) Ods. 

16x Sree 7heat. Gt. Brit. xxxii. (1614) 63/2 Kathren of 
Spaine, wife and di to K. Henry the eight. @ 
Drayton Eng. Hist. Ep, As Charles his daughter. .A: 
Henry's Queen..By France's conquest and by England's 
oath, You are the true made dowager of both. pt 

c. familiarly. An elderly lady of dignified 

demeanour. baer eG 

1870 Dickens £. Drood iii, Like t ey es 4 
— erin silken skirts. 1881‘ Riva’ My Lady Coguetie 
% foes dowagers are giving longing glances at the pro- 
vision. 


-basket. 
d. ¢ransf. and fig. Of men or animals. s 
1819 Metropolis 111.71 Our. .dowager generals, those who, 
from old men are scarcely better t old women, 
Lavy C. Bury Hist. ef Flirt xiv, A couple of stout post- 
horses were. .preferable to their own quiet dowagers. 
Hence (nonce-wds.) Dow'ager v. intr., to play 
the dowager; Dowagerdom, Dow’agerhood, 
Dow'agerism, Dowagership ; Dowage'rian, 
Dow'agerish, Dow'agerly ad/s. 


1733-4 Mrs. Detany A ntobiog § Corr. (1861) I. 426 Bury 
him decently in Westminster, aad ye dowagersh: 
most gallantly. 2825 J. Jexyir Le?. t. in Corr, (x89) 
150, I dowager daily in the carriage. Tait’s Mi 
206 dowagerly i HACKERAY Van. 


DOWD. 


Fair x\vi, Mansions that have passed away into Dowagerism. 
1891 Blackw. Mag. CXLIX. 553/1 The well-preserved 
dowayerhood of Hampton Court. 

Dowanneeg, obs. var. of Dewant. 

Dowarie, -ry, obs. forms of Dowry. 

Dowb, Dowbart, obs. ff. Dus v., DULBERT. 
-Dowbill, -ble, -bul, etc., obs. ff. DouBLe. 

Doweare, obs. Sc. form of Ducker, diver. 

Dowcemere, obs. form of Duncrmer. 

Dowcet(e, obs. forms of Doucrr, Durcer. 

Dowche, Dowchery, obs. ff. Durcu, DucueEry. 

Dowchsperys, corrupt f. DouzerEers, Oés. 

Dowd (daud), sé.1 [Of uncertain origin. 

The ME. rimes with shroud show that the ME. vowel was 
(#)=Fr. ou or OE, 2%; this separates it from Dow v.3 (which 
besides appears later); it also eliminates Wedgwood’s sug- 
gestion of connexion with dawdle and Sc. dawdie. ‘The 
mod.Sc. dooda (du‘da) may be related.] 

A person, usually 2 woman, whose dress and 
appearance are devoid of smartness and brightness. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 11255, I trowe per 
were many doude Pat proudly spak for noble schroude. 
¢ 1425 Wyntoun Croz. 1. 7 5 In sege a sot to se, Or do 
a dowde in dignite. c 1460 Vouneley Myst. (Surtees) 312 
If she be neuer so fowlle a dowde, With hir kelles and hir 
pynnes..The shrew hir self can shrowde. 1542 Upatt 
Erasm. Afpoph. 309, To begette soche foule babies and 
oule faced doudes. 1607 Breton Murmure C vij, Doest 
thou being Faire murmure at the preferment of a foule one 
and in thy rage call her foule Dowde? 1814 Map. D’ArBLay 
Wanderer 111. 199, I go such a dowd here, that it’s enough 
to frighten you. 

+ Dowd, 5b,2, Obs. or dial. A woman's cap or 
night-cap. 

1749 R. Goapsy Carew (ed. 2) 42 Having..pinn’d a large 
Dowde under his Chin. /éz¢. 223 He..puts ona long Dowde. 
1808-80 Jamirson, Doud, a kelled mutch, or woman's cap 
with a caul, considered as a dress cap. 1847-78 HALLIWELL, 
Dowd, a night-cap._ Devon, 

Dowd, dowed, ///. a.: see Dow v.3 

Dowdily (dau-dili), adv. [f, Downy a. +-Ly 2.] 
In a dowdy fashion. 

1887 T. A. Trotiore What I remember 11. ix. 156 The 
two girls. ..were dressed exactly alike and very dowdily. 

Dowdiness (daudinés). [f. Downy a. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being dowdy; shabby 
ugliness of dress or personal appearance. 

1842 Emerson Nat.,. Transcendent. Wks. (Bohn) II. 290 
The Beautiful..appears to us the golden mean, escaping 
the dowdiness of the good, and the heartlessness of the 
true. 1862 ‘Trottope Orley J. xii, There was nothing of 
the dowdiness of the lone lorn woman about her. 

Dowdy (dau-di), sé. and a. Also 6 doudie, 7 
dowdie, 7-9 doudy. [A deriv. of Down. 

(It would be natural to regard the adj. as the primary 
form, from Down sé. with suffix -y as in need-y, etc. ; but 
the sb., being known earlier, may be a diminutive formation, 
as in daddy, and the adj. an attributive use.)] : 

A. sb. A woman or girl shabbily or unattrac- 
tively dressed, without smartness or brightness. 

1581 Ricu Farew, Milit. Prof., If plaine or homely, wee 
saie she is a doudie ora slut. 1592 SHaxs. Rom. & Ful. 1. 
iv. 42 Dido, a dowdie: Cleopatra, a Gipsie. 1660-1 Pepys 
Diary 8 Mar., Among others the Duchesse of Albemarle, 
who is ever a plain Aipiualy dowdy. ar B. E. Dict. 
Cant. Crew, Doudy, An ugly coarse hard Fvored Woman. 
1774 ANNE GRANVILLE in Ars, Delany's Corr. Ser. 11. 11. 
49 Her hair not..suffered to grow too low on her forehead 
+.it makes all the children look like dowdys. 1883 BEsANT 
Allin Garden Fair 1. ii, To be gracious and sympathetic 
+-you must be nicely dressed ; a dowdy cannot be gracious. 

B. adj. (Almost always of a woman or her 
dress.) Shabbily dull in colour or appearance ; 
without brightness, smartness, or freshness. 

_1676 SHapwett Virtuoso im, Little dowdy strumpets. 
1684 T. Burnet 7h. Earth 1. 221 Female angels. .of a far 
more charming beauty than the dowdy daughters of men. 
1774 Anne GranviLte in A/rs, Delany's Corr. Ser. u. I1. 48 
A very dowdy fashion. 1865 Trotiope Belton Est. i, 
A thick black silk dress..not rusty or dowdy with age. 
1869 — He knew xcvii, A plain, silent, shy, dowdy young 
woman. 1887 R. N. Carey Uncle Max xxx. 238 In your 
nurse’s livery. . black ser: e, and a horrid dowdy bonnet. 
owdyish (dau‘dijif), a. -[f. prec. sb. +-1sH.] 
Somewhat dowdy ; inclined to dowdyism. 

1817 Byron Beffo Ixvi, A fifth’s look’s vulgar, dowdyish, 
and suburban. 1854 Hawtuorne Eng. Note-Bhs. 11. 71 
The girls were all dressed in..a very dowdyish attire. 

Dowdyism (dau'dijiz’m). [f. as prec, + -IsM.] 
The character or quality of a dowdy. 

1859 O. W. Hotmes Prof. Breakf-t. vi, Dowdyism is.. 
an expression of imperfect vitality. 1860 4/7 Year Round 
No. 71. 495 A sorry sort of dowdyism in the matter of 
female finery. 


ee (daujz). [f Dowv.2+-nE: cf. F. doud 
endowed.] A person endowed or holding a dower. 


I Nichots Britton I. 272 The dowee may answer by 
herself. 


Dowel (daw él), 5. Forms: 4-6 dowle, 7-8 
doul(e, 8 dowl, (dole), 9 dowel, -ell. [Of 
doubtful derivation; perh. answering to MLG, 
dovel, Ger. dibel, MUG. tiibel, OHG. tudilé plug, 
tap (of a cask, etc.). Still closer in form is OF. 
doelle, dowelle barrel-stave, dim. of mod.F. douve 
in same sense; but the transference of sense is un- 
explained.] — 

1. A headless pin, peg, or bolt, of wood, metal, 
or other material, serving to fasten together two 


623 


pieces of wood, stone, etc., by penetrating some 
distance into the substance of the connected pieces. 
¢ 1340 Cursor M, 21270 (Fairf.) Pe quelis ar ioyned with 
mania dowle. 1388 Wyciir 1 Azngs vii. 33 The extrees.. 
the spokis and dowlis [1382 felijs; Wulg. szodiodi) of the 
wheelis. 1483 Cath. Angl. 105/1 A Dowle of a whele; 
stellio. 1794 W. FELton Carriages (1801) I. 112 The felly 
with the pins or dowels on the end, by which it is kept 
secure at the joints. 1862 Sat. Rev. 15 Mar. 303 An im- 
mense block of stone..bolted into sockets in the masonry 
below by bronze dowels fixed into its lower face. 1876 
Gwitt Encyct. Archit. Gloss., Dowel, a pin of wood or iron 
used at the edges of boards in laying floors to avoid the 
3s pay ued of the nails on the surface. 
. A plug of wood driven into a wall to receive 
nails; a dook. [Ger. débel, diibel.| 

1864 in WessTER. 1874 in Knicutr Dict. Mech. 

3. Comb., as dowel-bit, a boring-tool of semi- 
cylindrical form terminating in a conoidal edge; 
also called a sfoor-bit ; dowel-hole, a hole into 
which a dowel is or may be inserted ; dowel-joint, 
a junction formed by means of a dowel or dowels; 
dowel-pin = sense 1 ; dowel-pointer, a tool for 
pointing or chamfering the ends of dowels ; dowel- 
ways adv., in the manner of a dowel. 

a@1661 Futter Worthies 111. (1662) 20 Having every stone 
..Shaped Doule-wayes, or in the form of a Cart-nail. _1707 
T. N. City §& C. Purchaser 187 They cleave these Bolts 
(with their Dowl-Ax) by the Felt-grain. 1743 Lond. 
& Country Brew. u. (ed. 2) 108 There are Joints, down- 
right Pegs, or Dole-pins. 1885 Academy 21 Nov. 326/1 
‘The floor has raised edges, in which are visible the dowel- 
holes to hold wooden panels. 

Dowel (dawél), vv. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vans. To 
fasten with a dowel or dowels. 

1713 WarDEeR 7yuve Amazons 108 You must doule or nail 
together on the under Side, 2 Boards. 1792 Acc. Buggesses 
in Ann. Reg. 66 Dowling the planks together, as coopers 
do the parts that form the head of a cask. 1883 Gore in 
Glasgow Weekly Her. 7 July 2/7 These [columns] are 
not cemented but dowelled with iron clamps in the 
centre. 

Hence Dowelled ///. a., Dowelling v3/. sb. 

1823 P. NicHotson Pract, Build. App. 76 To lay dowelled 
floors. 1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 1. 183/2 The method 
of uniting boards in a flat surface, called ‘dowelling’. 

+ Do-well. Oés. [f. Do v. + WELL adv. The 
action of doing well; well-doing. (In Langland 
freq. personified, together with Do-det, Do-best.) 

1362 Lanci. P. Pd. A. vit. 156 Pe preost..diuinede pat 
Dowel Indulgence passede. //d. 153 Dowel on Domesday 
Is digneliche I-preiset. 1377 /did. B. 1x. 12 Dobet is hir 
damoisele sire doweles dou3ter. 1628 GauLE Pract. The. 
Panegyr. 52 His Doe-well to vsward exceeds our Say-well 
of him. 

Dowelle, obs. form of DwEtt. 

+ Dowen, ffl. a. Obs. [app. for dollen, dolven, 
pa. pple. of DELVE.] Buried. 

c145s0 Mirour Saluacioun 1484 Cristis flesshe dede & 
dowen nevere to corrupcionne slade. 

+ Dower, 52.1 Os. Also dover, douwere, 
douwir, dwer, duer. [Cf. OF. douvre, var. of 
douve ditch, dyke, ‘ caverne que les habitants des 
bords de la Loire creusent dans le roc pour s’y 
loger.’] A burrow (of rabbits, or the like). 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. Ixviii. (1495) 824 
Conyes..make them dowers and dennes vndererthe. c 1420 
Patlad. on Husb. w. 654 Outher in gourdis grene Make 
euery fige a douer in to crepe. c1440 Promp. Parv. 128/2 
Dower yn the erthe (dovwere, H. douwir, P.), cauniculus. 
cr Ibid, 135/2 (MS. H), Dowere, or deen. 

Dower (dau-az), 56.2 Forms: 4-6 dowaire, 
-ayr(e, dowere, 5 dowar, dowyer, 6 douare, 
dore, doore, 6-7 dowr(e, 4- dower. [a. OF. 
douaire, doatre, douayre, ad. late L. dotarium 
(Du Cange), f. L. dot-em dower, dptare to endow.] 

1. The portion of a deceased husband’s estate 
which the law allows to his widow for her life. 
Tenant in dower, the widow who thus holds land. 
+ Lady of dower, dowager lady. 

[zag2 Britton 1. vi. § 5 Et voloms ge les femmes as felouns 
ne tiegnent nule terre en dowayre de nul tenement ge lour 
fust assignee par teus barouns.] 7439 E. E. Wills (1882) 
115 Her part and dowyer of my godes. 1470-85 MAtory 
Arthur v, xii, The kyng..assigned certayn rentes for the 
dower of the duchesse & for her children. 1523 Lp. 
Berners Froiss. I. cclxix. 399 He was before the castell 
of Perides, where as the dy of Dowaire was. 1528 
Test. -Ebor. (Surtees) V. 267 To Margarete, my wif, hir 
hoole dore of all my landes. a@ 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses: 
Com. Law (1636) 58 Yet he was not such a tenant as to be 
seized of the land, so as his wife could have dower. 1767 
Biackstone Comm. II. vii. 116 The wife of the tenant in tail 
shall have her dower, or thirds, of the estate-tail. /éd. 129 
Tenant in dower. 1879 Hessa Srretron Through a 
Needie's Eye Il. 46 Of course it will be burdened by a 
dower of £500 a year to our mother. < i . 

2. The money or property which the wife brings 
to the husband; = Dowry 2. 

ex Cuaucer Clerk's T. 75x Thilke dowere that ye 
broghten me Taak it agayn. 1483 Caxton Cato Giv), 
Thou oughtest not to take a wyf ne to coueyte hyr for h 
dowayr. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII (an. 19) (R.) He 
offereth to take to wife, Elianor Quene Dowager of Portyn- 
gall, without any dower, yea, in hir kirtell. 1601 SHaks. 
All's Well v. iti. 328 Choose thou thy husband, and Ile md 
thy dower. 1794 Mrs. RapcurFre Myst, Udolpho xiii, She 
.. offered to give Emily a dower. 1869 Lecxy Zurof. Mor. 
IL. i. 83 Epaminondas was accustomed to ransom captives 
and collect dowers for poor girls. 


DOWIE. 


+b. ¢vansf. Money or value given by the man 
to his bride’s relatives for her; =Dowry 3. Ods. 

1382 Wycur Gen. xxxiv.12 What thing 3e ordeyne Y shal 
3yue; eche 3e dower, and aske 3e 3iftis. .conly 3yf 3e to me 
this damesele to wijf. 1635-56 CowLey Davies i. 038 
He..A double Dowre, two hundred Foreskins brought. 
1791 Cowrer J/éad 1x. 180 From him I ask No dow’r, my- 
self will such a dow’r bestow As never father on his child 
before. 

3. fig. Endowment ;=Dowry 4. 

¢ 1375 Alyrour of Lewed Men (MS. Egerton 927) In thes 
four dowers sal thi body be sa parfit. 1413 Pi/er. Sowle 
(Caxton 1483) v. iii. 94 Subtilite Clerte Inpassibilite and 
Agylyte ben cleped the dowerys of the body. 1592 Davirs 
Immort, Soul Ded. iii, The richest Mind, both by Art’s 
Purchase, and by Nature’s Dower. 1807 Worpsw. IAite 
Doe Rylstone vii. 282 A mortal Song we sing, by dower 
Encouraged of celestial power. 1871 J. MILLER Songs 
Italy (1878) 50 She was damned with the dower of beauty. 

4. Comb., as dower-house, -land. 

1862 H. Marryat Vear in Sweden 1. 418 The dower-lands 
of the Princess Mary. /ééd. I]. 409 A dower-house built 
for Countess Christina, 1880 Mrs. Ouirnant //e that will 
not xxxviii, There was a dower-house .. to which perhaps 
it would be well for her to retire. 

Dower (daw), v.  [f. Dower s/.2] 

1. trans. To give a dowry to; to endow. 

1605 Suaks. Lear 1. i, 207 Will you ., Dow’rd with our 
curse.. Take her? 1847 Lytton Lucretia 43 When she 
marries, I will dower her. 1883 S. C. Hatt Retrospect I. 
266 Amply dowered. .her suitors were doubtless many. - 

To give as a dower or dowry. 

1814 Byron Let, to Moore 14 Oct., Part of them are 
settled on her; but whether that will be dowered now, I do 
not know, 

2. To endow or furnish w7¢h any ‘gift’, talent or 
power of mind or body. 

1793 Soutury Triumph IWoman 46 Three youths whom 
Nature dower'd with every grace. 1830 ‘ENNyson /’oet 
i, The poet..Dower’d with the hate of hate, the scorn of 
scorn, 1884 Daily News 7 Feb. 3/2 Vhe volcanic peaks .. 
were dowered with soft reds and deep purples. 

3. zutr. To take or receive dower. 

1848 Wuarton Law Lex. 196/2 The widow cannot dower 


out of estates of joint-tenants, because of the right of sur- 
vivorship. /dzd¢., She may dower out of the same [land]. 
Hence Dow'ered ///. a. 
1756 West Phineus (Seager) 1 led Your dower'd sister 


to my spousal bed. 1822 Scorr Niged iii, Vaking a preity, 
well-dowered English lady. 

Dow'eral, a. vare. [f. Dower 56.2 4-a.] Of 
or pertaining to a dower; dotal. 

1781-2 Potter Euripides’ [phig. v. 659 (R. Suppl.) Take 
the dow’ral gifts Brought with me for the Virgin. 

+ Dow'eress. Ols. Also 6 dowares(se, 9 
dowress. [f. Dower, with fem. suffix -Ess. Cf. 
Jotntress.| A widow holding a dower; DowaceEr. 

1g§19 in Hall Chron. (1809) 601 The.. Kyng of Englande.. 
with his bedfelowe the Quene, and his Sister the dowares of 
France. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 192 Before the aboli- 
tion of military tenures, the dowress was attendant on the 
heir..for the third part of the services. 1823 P. Nicuorson 
Pract. Build. 287 Some misunderstanding has subsisted 
between the noble doweress and the present proprietors. 

Dowerless (dawailés), a. [f. Dower 50.2 + 
-LESS.] Without a dower ; portionless. 

1605 Suaxs. Lear 1. i. 259 Thy dowrelesse Daughter. 
1768 Sir W. Jones Solima 46 Ye friendless orphans, and ye 
dowerless maids, 1864 Boutett Heraldry Hist. & Lop. 
xiv. 139 The Princess being absolutely dowerless. : 

Dowf, douf (clauf), a. (sd.) x. and north. dial, 
Also 6 dolf, (8 doof). [The 16th c. form is con- 
stantly do/f, but it is prob. that the o/ here (as in 
16th c. rol/p =rope, Rov, nolt=nowt, nout, ON. 
naut) merely stands for ow, and that dow/ is 
etymological. Perh. a. ON. dauf-y deaf; cf. Du. 
doof deaf, benumbed, faint. The notions of ‘ deaf’ 
and ‘ dull’ frequently interchange: cf. Du. dof ‘hol- 
low, smothered, dull, faint, heavy’, related to doof.] 

A. aaj. Dull, flat ; wanting in spirit or energy; 
inactive, spiritless. Of sound: Dull, flat, hollow. 

1513 Doucias xeis m1. iv. 97 Dolf wox thair spretis. 
Ibid. v. vii. 59 The dasyt bluid..Walxis dolf and dull throw 
myne vnweildy age. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 1. 413 Thy 
dolf hart for dredour ay deuaillis, 172x Ramsay Prospect 
Plenty x, How dowf looks gentry with an empty purse ! 
1785 Burns Sec. Ep. to Lapraik iv, Her dowff excuses pat 
me mad. 1814 Scotr Wav. xliii, The lad can sometimes 
be as dowff as a sexagenary like myself. * 

b. Comb., as dowf-hearted (dolf-). 

1513 Douctas -2veis 1x. ii. 50 The dolf hartit Troianis. 

B sb, A dull spiritless fellow. 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 56 To have a galle, 
and be clepid a douffe. [1724 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. ww. i, 
He get her? slaverin doof !] ; : 

Hence Dowf v. ¢vans., to make ‘ dowf’, deprive 
of energy. Dow’fness, dullness; want of spirit. 

1st3_ Dovctas Aineis x1. xiv. 21 Huge dolfnes, and 
schamful cowardice. 1818 Hocc Brownie of B. II. 38 
(Jam.) There was a kind o’ doufness and melancholy in his 
looks. 1838 Jas. SrruTHERS Poetic Tales 77 Auld age douffs 
down the spirit. 

Dowghter, Dowghty, obs. ff. Daucurer, 
Doveury. 

Dowie, dowy (dawi, do-wi), a. Sc. and north. 
dial. Also 5-6 dolly. [The identity of dowre 
with 16th c. dolly appears to be proved by the 
treatment of the two as variants in Gawain 
Douglas. Probably a deriv. of ME. do/, doll, OE. 


DOWILY. 


dol, Dutt, with -y or -ly; cf. also Dunty, used 
in same sense, and OE. hdl, hd/iz, holy.] Dull 
and lonely, melancholy, dreary, dismal. 

— Dunsar Tua Mariit Wemen 412 Now done is m 
dolly nyght, = day is vpsprungin. 1§13 Douctas ‘nets 
vu. Prol. 51 The dowy dichis [ed. 1 dolly dikis] war 
all donk and wait. /d/d. x. iv. 73 The dolly tonys [ed. 1853 
dowy tones] and lays lamentabill. /ééd. xu. x. ro2 Ani 
end his dolly dayis, and dee. ¢158r Semi. Complaint on 
Fortoun 171 In Striviling toun, out of his dowie den. .thai 
fyrit him in his nest. ?16.. The Dowie Dens of Yarrow 
xv. (in Minustr. Sc. Border), She kiss’d them, till her lips 
grew red, On the dowie houms of Yarrow. 1724 Ramsay 
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 26 What dowy hours I thole by your 
disdain. 1790 Burns Highland Harry ii, 1 wander dowie 
up the glen. a185r Moir Poems, Disenchantment xiii, 
‘The dowie dens of Yarrow. 1899 Scot. Liberal 14 Feb, 11 
Dark valleys and dowie dens of ignorance. 

Hence Dow‘ily cdv., Dow iness. 

227... Twa Brithers xi.in Child Baddads (1834) u. xlix. 
439/2 Sae dowilie alane. 1801 Macneite Poet, Wks. (1844) 
107 Lying down dowylie, sighed by thewvillow tree. 

Dowing, vé/. sb. and ppl. a.: see after Dow v. 

Dowk, var. Dau; obs. form of Duck. 

Dowl (daul). Ods. exc. dial. [Origin uncertain. 

Perhaps in some way related to Down sé.2_ Prof. Skeat 
suggests OF. doulle var. of doille, donille adj. ‘soft, tender’, 
sb. ‘that which is soft.” But there is no evidence that the 
OF. word had any corresponding application ] 

One of the filaments or fibres of a feather; 
the soft fine feathers or fur of birds or beasts ; 
down, fluff. 

2c1400 Plowman's T. 1. (R.), The griffen.. swore by 
cockis herte and blode He wold him tere every doule. 
610 Suaks. Temp. ut. iii, 65 As well ..as diminish One 
dowle that’s in my plumbe. 166 Husnane Industry (T.\, 
A certain shell-fish..called Pinna, that bears a mossy dowl, 
or wool, whereof cloth was spun. /éid. 93 Such trees as 
have a certain wool or dowl upon the outside of them, as 
the small cotton. 1845 De Quincey in Zaét’s A/ag. XII. 
758 No feather, or dow! of a feather, but was heavy enough 
for him. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk., Dovwl, 
1. the downy fibres of a feather .. 2. The light downy sub- 
stance which collects under beds and about bedroom floors. 

Dowl, obs. and dial. f. Doon !, boundary mark ; 
obs. form of DowEt, 

Dowlas (dau las). Also (?5 douglas), 6 dolas, 
6-7 doulas, 6-8 dowlass, 7 dowlace, -lasse, 8 
doulace. [Named from Daoulas or Doulas, S.E. 
of Brest, in Brittany, like the associated Jockeram 
from Locronan or Locrenan in the same vicinity.] 

1. +a. A coarse kind of linen, much used in the 
16th and 17th centuries. Obs. b. Now applied to 
a strong calico made in imitation of this. 

(1493 Jill of Dolyng of Taunton (Somerset Ho.), A fyne 
pece of douglas.] 1529 Act 21 Hen. VIII, cor4 (title) Of 
what length and bredth euery whole peece and halfe peece of 
dowlas and lockeram, brought into this realm, shall be. 
1536 Act 28 Hen. VI//, c. 4 § 1 Britaine, where the said 
linnen Cloth called Doulas and Lockeram is made. 1 
Ludlow Churchiw. Acc. (Camden) 15, ix elles of dolas .. to 
make ij. new albus. © 1895 Suaks. 1 //en. /V, ut. iii. 79 
Doulas, filthy Doulas .. they haue made Boulters of them. 
a 1640 Day Parl. Bees ix. (1881) 58 Dowlasse for saffron- 
bags. 1657 R. Licon Barbadoes (1673) 109 Some other 
sorts of Linnen, as Holland or Dowlace. 1696 J. F. A/er- 
chant's Ware-ho. 8 Dowlas from France. .being prohibited 
and forbidden .. therefore shall proceed with Dowlas from 
Hamborough. 1760 Foote Minor u. (1781) 47 A large cargo 
of Dantzick dowlas. i Ure Philos. Manuf. 79 Kincar- 
dine ..In weaving dowlas, household linens, and a few 
woollens, 700 men are employed. 1882 Beck Draper's 
Dict., Dowlas .. The name ts still perpetuated in a strong 
calico made in imitation of the linen fabric. 

2. attrib, Made or consisting of dowlas. 

1gso in Strype Eccl. Mem. Il. 1. App. QQ, A yard of 
dowlas linnin cloth 9d. 1739 ‘R. Buti’ tr. Dedekindus* 
Grobianus 3 Throw o'er your Dowlass Shirt a Mornin 
Gown. 1837 J. F. Cooper Recoll. Europe 1. 38 The Chann 
waterman wore the short dowlas petticoat. * 

Dowle, obs. f. DotE sd.2, Doon, Dooiiz, Dower. 

Dowless (dawlés), a. Sc. [f. Dow v.14 -Less: 
cf. Ger. saugenichts.] Without strength or energy ; 
feeble; infirm. 

1788 Picken Poems 50 (Jam.) Winter's dowless days. 
Ibid. 55(Jam.) Dowless fowk, for health gane down. a x8r0 
Tannanitt Poet. Wks. (1846) 48 Dowless eild, in poortith 
cauld, Is lanely left to stand the stoure. 

Dowly (daw'li), 2. and adv. North. dial. Also 
5 dauly, 5-9 dawly. [Perh. a doublet of Sc. 
Dowik, in 15-16th c. dolly, to which it is exactly 
equivalent in meaning. The phonology is opposed 
to its association with Doty a., from Doug sé.2 In 
use from the Scottish Border to N. Lincolnshire.] 

A. adj. Doleful, miserable, gloomy, lonely. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 13937 He fell to be ground All dowly, 
for dole, in a dede swone. 1674-91 Ray N. C. Words 22 
Dowly, melancholy, — x8xrx Wittan WW, Riding Gloss. 
(E.D.S.), het dawly, lonely, sorrowful, 1832 STEPHEN- 
son Gateshead Local Poems 105 When trade grows slack 
then I Feel my lot quite dowly. 1863 Hotme Lee A. 
Warleigh 1. 95 ‘It is a dowly, dowly spot, that it is’, 2885 
Chamb. Frnl. 575 ‘ Ah sir, it was a dowly day for me’. 

+ B. adv. Sadly, dolefully, lamentably. Ods. 
cx400 Destr. Troy 870 Thou — bes dede, and I to 
doll broght. Jéid. 2 22 Ded men full dauly droppit to 
ground. /did. 9595 Then Deffibus dauly drogh vp his Ene. 
“D ent. Ods. [f. Dow v.42 +-mENT: perh. 
originally in AF.] The act of endowing, endow- 
ment ; the giving of dower. 


624 


1552 Hutort, Dowment, dowre and dowrie. 1574 tr. 


1 


Littleton's | Tenures ga, There is two other manner = 


Be int h doore .. do ry 
the fathers assent. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 39 b, Such dowment 
cannot be, but where a iudgement is giuen in the Kings 


Court. 

Down (daun), 54.1 Forms: 1 dtin, 2-4 dun, 
4-5 doun(e, 4-7 downe, 4- down. [OE. din 
fem., hill= ODu. dina (MDu. diine, Du. duin, 
whence mod.LG. dine sandhill, F. dune). Sup- 
posed to be of Celtic origin: cf. Olr. din hill, 
hill-fort, Welsh diz, and place-names in -di 


~< Se > is =e. 


DOWN. 
teem id of downe, vij.s. viij d. Patscr. 215/1 
of . at 
Ste see, Soe cae 


(R. 

Wins }. Iv. iv. 374 This hand, As soft as 
and as white as it. 1747 Gentd. Mag. 172 Iseland..Hence 
come the finest downs, which are plumage of a bird 
called Aidur or Eider, 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 309 
The devel of feathers is always preceded by that of 
down, which constitutes the first covering of young birds. 

Jig. 1634 Forp P. Warbeck m. ii, Must 1 breake from the 
down of thy em To E on steel. 1750 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 74% 7 To lull him on the down of absolute 
authority. 1827 Pottox Course T. v, The silken down of 


Since dia must have been in use at an early date in the 
West Germanic dialects of Batavia and Lower Saxony, it 
is doubtful whether the word was brought by the Saxons 
from the continent, or adopted, after their settlement here, 
from the Britons; the former alternative is favoured by the 
exact correspondence in form and gender of the OF. and 
ODu. words, and by the fact that in local nomenclature 
OE. din seems to have been confined to the Saxon area. 
It is, however, in English only that the word has given rise 
to an adverb and a preposition: see below.] 

+1. A hill. Ods. (exc. as blending with 2). 

O. E. Chron. an. 661 And zehergeade Wulfhere Pending 
op AEsces dune. 971 Blickl. Hom. 27 He hine ledde upon 
swipe he4 dune. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 1 And com.. 
to Oliuetes dune. ax17§ Cott. Hom. 225 Hit ofer-stah zlle 
duna. crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 307/256 Bi nizte ope heize 
dounes. a1300 Cursor AL. 7186 (Cott.) Sampson .. bar rd 
yates o be tun, And laid on a hei dun. a 1400-50 
Alexander 4045 Darke in dennes vndire dounes. 1653 H. 
Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xlix. (1663) 194 A Creek..on the 
South side of the Island and invironned ty a Down or Hill. 

2. An open expanse of elevated land ; sfec., in f/., 
the treeless undulating chalk uplands of the south 
and south-east of England, serving chiefly for pas- 
turage; applied to similar tracts in the colonies, etc. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 144 He wende..to pe downe of Am- 
bresbury. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.xiv.xlv. (1495) 483 
A downe is a lytyl swellynge or arerynge of erthe passynge 
the playne grounde..and not retchyng to hyghnesse of an 
hylle. 14 Matory Arthur xxi. iii, An hondred 
thousand layed deed vpon the down. 1563 B. Gooce 
Eglogs iii. (Arb.) 42 To take my sheepe, and dwell vpon the 
downe. 1610 Suaks. Zemtf. 1v. i. 81 My boskie acres, and 
my vnshrubd downe. 1646 EvEetyn Jfem. (1857) I. 229 
Downs of fine 
England. 1670 Narsoroucn ¥rnd. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 
1. (1711) 22 As bare as the Grass-Downs in England. 1777 
Phil. Trans. LXVIL. 386 Turf, equal to any of the finest 
on our sheep downs, 1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 343/2 The 
[tracts of poor land] are .. left in down, and produce excel- 
lent pasture for-the small sheep known as South Down 
sheep. 1856 Emerson Fug. /ratts, Stonehenge Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 123 On the broad downs .. not a house was 
visible, nothing but Stonehenge. 1862 STanLEY Few. CA. 
(1877) I. iii. 53 The undulating downs of Gilead. 

b. Frequent in alliterative association with dale: 
dale and down, low land and upland. 

€ 1200, @ 1300, ¢ 1386 [see Dace sd.! 1]. c 1440 Gesta Rom. 
Ixii. 220 (Harl. MS,) ‘Thou shalt go by downys and by 
dalys. 122 World & Child in Hazl. Dorfsley 1. 250 All is 
at my hand-work, both by down and by dale. 1810 Scotr 
Lady of L.1. xxx, By dale and down We dwell, afar from 
tower and town. 

3. A sand-hill, Dune. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. cxlv. (R.) Other by the downes 
by the sea syde, or elles aboue by the highe way. a 1608 
Sir F. Vere Comm, 88 The space betwixt the sea and the 
sand-hills or Downs, was commanded by the said hills. 
1677 W. Hussarp Narrative (1865) I. 51 Sorely wounded 
on Sawco Sands or Downs. 1750 Carte Hist. Eng. Il. 
470 Over the downs of sand by the sea side. 1837 Penny 
Cycl. 1X. 117 Downs or Dunes are little, hillocks of sand 
formed along the sea-coast. . Downs sometimes intercept the 
flow of water to the sea. pan. 

4. The Downs: the part of the sea within the 
Goodwin Sands, off the east coast of Kent, a famous 
rendezvous for ships. (It lies opposite to the 
eastern termination of the North Downs.) 

a1460 Gregory's Chron. in Hist. Coll. Citizen Lond. 
Camden) 178 The vyntage come i eee ynne cartys unto 

ondon fro the Downys. 1548 att Chron., Hen, VI 
(an. 38) 175b, Sir Simon Mondford .. was Lg hone 
to kepe the downes, and the five Portes. 1666-7 Perys 
Diary 2 Jan., To send all the ships we can possible to 
the Downes. 1773 Coox First Voy. Concl. (R.), About three 
[we] came to an anchor in the Downs, and went a-shore at 
Deal. 1 Eng. Gazetteer, Downs, a road on the coast 
of Kent, through which ships generally in going out 
and returning home. It is 6 miles long between the North 
and South Foreland, ‘ 

5. Applied toa ey i breed of sheep, raised on 
the chalk downs of England. Cf. Sournpown. 

1831 Lincoln Herald 21 Oct. 1/1 Psime young Downs sell 
at 4s. to 5s. 2842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 345/2 A heavier sort 
of sheep, a cross between the Somerset and the Down, 

6. attrib, and Comb. (Also DownLanp 1.) 

1807 SovTHEY he gates Lett. 1. 47 Here we left the 
down country, and once more entered upon cultivated 
fields. 1826 in-Cobbett Aur. Rides 11. 193 The down- 
farms in Wiltshire. Helps Study Bible 215 s.v. Grass, 
‘The bare down-grass of the limestone hills of Judza, 


Down (daun), 54.2 Also 4-7 downe, 5-6 
dawne, 5-7 doun. [a. ON. din, nom. dinn, 
down, #dar-diin, eider-down, Sw. dun, Da. duun, 
whence LG, déne, Ger. daune, dune.} 

1. a. The first feathering of young birds. b. 
The fine soft covering of fowls, forming the under 
plumage, used for stuffing beds, pillows, etc. 


¢ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche aso Of downe of pure 
doves white. 1465 Alann. §& Househ, Exp. 321 Paid for 


| downe of al the tre. 


| Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) J. 213 


| face, in the form of a crystalline down. 
| Optics xii. 101 The blackness of the surfaces arose from 


rass, like some places in the south of 


2. Applied to substances of the same nature or 
appearance: a. The hair as it first shows itself on 
the human face, or the like. 

1580 Baret Alv., Doune..the soft haires, or mossinesse in 
the pe of pase folkes. 1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 93 
Small show of man was yet upon his chin: His phoenix 
down began but to appear. Dryven Aneid vu. (R.) 


‘The callow down began To le my chin, and call me first 
a man. Burnann My time xvi. 136 Floyd stroked 
the down on his upper lip. 


b. The pubescence on some plants and fruits; 
the soft feathery pappus of some seeds. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb, x1. 219 He..most pike away the 
sgt Turner Herbal 1. Bivb, 
Alopecurus..hath..a great thycke and busshy eare full of 
longe downes. og Curerrer Eng. Physic. 184 The 
Cotton or Doun of Quinces. 1796 fi. Hunter tr. St, 
There is not a down 
upon a plant..but what has it’s utility. 186 Miss Pratr 


| Flower, Pl. 1.6 The Calyx .. is at first a mere ring, which 


ultimately becomes the pappus or down. 
ce. Any substance of a feathery or fluffy nature. 
1626 Bacon Sy/va 560 Down or Nap cometh of a subtile 
Spirit, in a Soft or Fat substance. 1758 A. RErpD tr. 
Macquer's Chym,1. 240 Nitre .. effloresces .. on their sur- 
1831 Brewster 


their being entirely com of a fine down of quartz, 

3. attrib. and Comb., as down-bed, -head, -pillow, 
plumage ; also down-covered, -headed, -like, -shod, 
-soft, adjs.; down-beard, the a be of the thistle ; 
down-thistle, Onopordon Acanthium (Britten & 
Holland); down-tree, the cork-wood, Ochroma 
Lagopus; down-weed, Filago germanica (Miller). 

1843 Carty.e Misc., Dr. Francia (1872) VII. 18 Like an 
idle globular *downbeard. x60x CuEestER Love's Mart., 
Cantoes xxxix, Loving in such a *downe-bed to be placed. 
1692 Locke duc. (1693) 24 A tender weakly constitution is 
very much-owing to Downe- Beds. a 1847 E11za Coox Winter 
ts here iv, *Down-covered peaches. x82 Care Vill. Minstr. 
11. 32 He. .perch’d on the *down-headed grass. 1835-6 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. 1. 747/1 The hairs .. becoming finer and more 
*down-like as theydescend. 1863 Miss Brappon ¥. March- 
mont III. i. 6 (He) raised himself amongst the *down 
pillows. 1614 R. Tawor Hog hath lost Pearly. in Hazl. 
Dodsley X1. 485 The *down-soft white of lady’s temptin 
breast. 1640 Parkinson 7Acat. Bot. Index (Britt. & Holl, 
*Down Thistle. 1562 Turner /erda/ u. 11 b, Cottenwede 
..maye be called in English *Downewede because the leafe 
broken is lyke Downe or cotton, 

sb.3 [Down adv., used subst., as a 
name for itself, or elliptically for ‘downward 
motion.’} 

+1. The burden of a song. (Cf. Down adv, 26.) 

up cane Ee rain —_— — bee Dorms = 
or downe of a ade. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Re/ret, the 
Burthen or Down of a Song or Ballad. ‘i ; 

2. A going down, a descent; a reverse of fortune. 
Usually in phrase ups. and downs. 

1710 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 103. 3/2 Wit has her Up's and 


Downs. 1 Dickens Mart. Chus. xvi, Fraudulent 
transactions have their downs as well as their ups. 1872 
Brack Adv. Phaeton xxvii, The ups and downs of thi 
route. 
3. Dominoes. (See quots.) 
1870 Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Dominoes 92 He who 
draws the domi ining the nt b of pips, 
rst. 


wins ‘the down’; ‘{i.e.] he wins the privilege of playing 
Jbid. 94 In leading ob down ’ from a hand consisting of a 
high double and several light dominoes, the doubl: 
4. slang. (See quots.). Cf. Down adv. 22. Obs. 
1812 J. H. Vaux Fiat Dict. s.v., A down isa suspici 
alarm, or discovery, Which taking place, obliges pepe 
and fails to give up or desist from the business..to put 
a down upon a man, is to give information of any robbery 
or fraud he is about to perpetrate, so as to cause his 
failure or detection. 18a D. Haccart Life Gloss. 171 
(Farmer) Down, alarm ; rose the down, gave the alarm. 
5. collog. A tendency to be ‘down upon’; a 


rudge. 

“og J, A. page mow Brown's Fag 46 193 More es- 
ia! ad tl a ‘down’ on who wore a be 

a pi bem pa le they pea ae Mus. H. Warp 
Marcella 1. 310 Westall has a down on him. 1895 Westut. 
Gas. 13 5 A There is a remarkable ‘down’ on coercion 
just now in Eu 

6. A cry of down with; see Down adv. 25 b. 

1889 Times (weekly ed.) 13 Dec. 17/4 The others. at once 
raised ‘hurrahs’ for him. .and ‘downs’ for the Ministry. 
Down. (daun), a. [Down ad. used attrib. with 


verbal sbs. as /eaf, or by ellipsis of some par- 
ticipial word, as running, directed.) : 
1. Directed downwards ; descending. Also fe. 
ol Sere See Se os a a 
Horsem, ix, (1809) 107 A down 
s. 1858 Advt. in Skyring's 
Eaves gutters and down pipe. f 
He passed from the up to the down bow in 


DOWN. 


cantabile notes. 1894 Hatt Cainr M/anxman 24 A down 
line for every stone weight up to eight stones. 
b. Of looks or aspect : Directed downwards. 

1865 LinprsAy (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. 388 (Jam.) The 
kingis doun look at thame. 1580 HoLtypanp 7veas. Fr, 
Tong, Regardeure basse, doune looke. 1604 T. M. Black 
Bk, (Cent. Dict.) A down countenance he had. 1637 R. 
Monro Lxpedit. 1. 63 (Jam.) Fearing .. the down-looke or 
frowne of his officers. 1687 Lond. Gaz. No, 2223/4 A low 
stature .. grey eyes, and a Down-look. @1717 Biackatt 
Wks. (1723) 1. 158 True Religion does not consist in a 
peculiar Garb. .in a down Look. i : 

e. Of a train or coach: Going ‘down’, i.e. 
away from the central or chief terminus ; in Great 
Britain, from London. Hence ¢ransf. Of or per- 
taining to down trains, as the down platform. 

1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 249 The signal .. dis- 
tinguishes an ‘up’ from a ‘down’ train. 1878 F. S. Wit- 
uAms Mid. Railw. 656 To go down to the roadside station 
..and see the down mail pass. 1885 Law Times Rep. 
LII. 622/2 To cross the line to the down platform. 1890 
Botprewoop Colonial Reformer (1891) 131 The up coach 
leaving and the down one just coming in. 1892 Daily 
News 17 Oct. 2/8 Pneumatic tubes between this Central 
Office and .. post offices in the City and West-end, some of 
them having ‘up’ and ‘down’ tubes. 

2. In a low condition of health or vitality. rare. 

1690 W. Waker /diomat. Anglo-Lat. 319 An old down- 
man [defontanus]. 1885 Fitzpatrick Life 7. N. Burke 
II. 225 A friend who visited [him] on one of his ‘down- 
days’ [=days of sickness]. Ae 

+3. Downcast, dejected. Ods. (exc. predicatively: 
see Down adv. 18). 

1 quases Sol. Recant. ii. 24 Goe winde the Plummets 
up Of thy down spirits. 

+ 4. Downright, positive. Ods. 

1617 Fretcuer Valentinian 1, i, After my many offers .. 
And her as many down-denials. @ 1619 Fotuersy A ¢heom. 
i. iii, § 4. Mer 220 He being named from his downe 
Being, / am. [1830 Gatt Lawrie T. u. v. (1849) 57 He.. 
talked even down nonsense.] 

Down (daun), adv. Forms: 1-4 dun, 1-6 
dune, 3-6 doun(e, (4 dunne, 4-5 don(e, dowun, 
5 douun), 4-7 downe, 5- down, (9 worth. dial. 
doon). [In late OE. dine, diin, aphetic form of 
adtine ADoWN, weakened from OE. of dine off the 
hill or height (see Down 56.1).] The following are 
the general and usual senses of the adverb; for 
its special combinations with verbs, as Bear down, 
BREAK down, BRING down, BuRN down, CALL 
down, Cast down, CoME down, see under the verbs. 

I. Of motion or direction in space. 

1. In a descending direction; from above, or 
towards that which is below; from a higher toa 
lower place or position ; to the ground. 

It is a to any degree of descent, from a vertical fall to 
the slightest slope as in a nearly level river valley, and thus 
passes into sense 2, in which the descent may be entirely 
imaginary or conventional. 

atroo O. E. Chron. an. 1070 Brohton dune bet haecce be 
peer wees behid. 1154 /é7d. an. 1140 Me let hire dun on 
niht of pe tur mid rapes. a@1300 Cursor M, 12962 (Cott.) 
Hu bot lepe dun [v. ~ done] to the grund. 1340 Ayend, 
246 Pe lheddre.. huerby pe angles ..cliue op and doun, 
1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 1220 Dido, Doun cam the reyn. 
1470-85 Matory Arthur xi. viii, The teres began to 
renne doune by his vysage. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. 
VIII, 26b, He a lighted downe of his horse. 1597 Mont- 
GoMERIE Cherrie & Slae 1527 Gif we gae doun. 1750 
Jounson Rambler No. 15? 9, I was set down at my aunt's. 
1808 Scorr Marm. u. xiv, Where his cathedral., Looks 
down upon the Wear. 1889 Wattace Darwinism 343 
Debris brought down by rivers to the ocean. 

2. To some place which is conventionally viewed 
as lower in position ; in the direction of a current, 
or with the wind ; from the capital to the distant 
parts of a country ; away from a university ; from 
the House of Lords to the House of Commons 
or ‘lower house’; to a lower or inferior court of 
law, etc. Also vaguely in uf and down, which is 
often=to and fro: see Up. 

a1200 Moral Ode 240 He .. walked weri up and dun, se 
water dep mid winde. cx Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3816 Thai 
sold..spir in stretes, vp and downe, Efter a man of strange 
cuntré. 4590 SHaks. Zrv. 1. ii. 31 And wander vp and 
downe to view the Citie. 167r Lapy M. Bertie in 12h Rep, 
Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 22 Your mourning .. which 
Fynes sent downe a Thursday. 1678 Lapy CHawortH 
Ibid. 48 All but six Lords disliked the Commons adresse to 
the King, so it was sent them downe againe. 1697 Dampier 
Voy. 1. vii. 208 We bore down right afore the wind on our 
Enemies. 1726 G. Roserts 4 Years Voy, 10 We took in 
six Cows to carry down to St. Jago. 1766 Gorpsm. Vic. W. 
xix, We caught him up accidentally in our journey down, 
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) F, We say, up to 
windward, and down to lee - 4798 Pitr in G. Rose 
Diaries (1860) I, 216, I have a scheme of running down. .to 
Somersetshire. 1853 E. Braptey (C. Bede) Verdant Green 
1. xii, He won’t..gate or chapel you .. or send you down. 
1883 Cambridge Staircase viii. 137, 1 am in college, and 
there I intend to remain till I go down, 1895 Lp. Watson 
in Law Times Rep. UXXIIL, 636/s, I think that this case 
must fo down for a new trial. od, I have been running 
up and down all the morning. 

II. Of position in space. 

3. In a low or lowered situation or position; on 
the ground, 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 29 Beter hym hadde ybe Haue bi- 


leued per doune, pan y-lerned for to fle. 1340 Hampote 
Pr. Conse. 1602 es bis world turned 3 es doune. 
1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon y. 132 Whan they were 


Vot, III. 


‘ downe my life for him. 1 


625 


doun from ther horses. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. i. 34 A litle 
lowly Hermitage.. Downe in a dale, hard by a forests side. 
@ 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 55 When the river is down. 1726 
Leoni Alberti’s Archit. 1. 28/1 Such Trees as grow..down 
in a Valley, 1868 Hotme Lee B. Godfrey xlvii. 255 ‘he 
blinds were down, 1894 Hatt Cainr Manxman 100 The 
tide was down, the harbour was empty of water. 

4. At a place or in a locality which is considered 
as lower; at a distance from the capital; away 
in the country ; away from the university. 

1830 Marryat King’s Own xli, He was to be down at 
Portsmouth in a few days. 1836 — Midsh. Easy i. 5 A 
gentleman who lived down in Hampshire. 1883 Cambridge 
Staircase v. 81 His ‘health’ had compelled sa to stay 
down for the whole of our first year, 

III. Of position, posture, attitude. 

5. Into or in a fallen, sitting, or overthrown 
position or posture. 

c 1205 Lay. 6864 Seodden he dun lai. c1300 Havelok 925 
Sit now doun and et ful yerne. ¢1380 Wycuir Sex. Sel. 
Wks. I. 69 Nou3t honge bere heedis doun. c 1400 Maunprv. 
(Roxb.) viii. 32 Pare was sum tyme a chapell, bot now it es 
all doune. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4725 Pai knelyd 
doune before be saynt. 1610 Suaks. Zewp. 1. i, 23 If you'l 
sit downe Ile beare your Logges the while. 1669 Sturmy 
Mariner's Mag. v. 89 Fold it down. 1678 Buxyan Piler. 
1. 1, I laid me down in that place to sleep. 1700 S. L. tr. 
Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 62 We... batter'd it down in a very 
little time. 1755 Game at Cricket 10 A Stump hit by the 
Ball, though the Bail was down, is out. Hay. More 
Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) 1. 279 Christianity .. pulls down their 
images. 1848 rnd. R. Agric. Soc. UX. 1. 524 Five fields, 
one of which is always down to sainfoin. 1894 Barinc- 
Goutp Des. S. France 11. 228 He cut them down almost to 
aman. 1894 Ties 16 June 16/1 [He] lost the [golf] match 
by four down, and two to play. A ; 

6. Prostrate with sickness ; ‘on the sick list’, ill. 

1710 Swirt Jrud. to Stella 23 Dec., Write to MD when 
youare down. 1712 W. Rocers /oy. 206 We have now about 
50 men down. 1742 RicHarpson Panrela II. 351 Five Chil- 
dren, who had been all down in Fevers and Agues. 1876 
Tennyson Harold u. i, When I was down in the fever, she 
was down with the hunger. 1892 7vszes 12 Jan. 10/1 A 
large number of the. .household are down with influenza. 

7. To run, ride, hunt, etc. down: to bring to 
the ground, to overtake or overthrow, by running, 
etc. See also the verbs. 

16s9 D. Pett Jmpr. Sea 137 Great care taken..who 
should run down one another by the board first. 71x 
Appison Sfect. No. 115 P 6 Foxes of the Knight’s own 
hunting down, 1883 Sir M. Witttams Relig. Th. in Lud. 
ix. 245 Capable of .. riding down the most active demon- 
antagonist. 1888 7%es 16 Oct. 10/5, I was tracked down in 
rather less time than it had taken me to cover the ground. 

IV. Particular varieties of direction or position. 

8. Below the horizon; going dowi, setting ; 
down, set. 

@1300 Cursor M, 6800 (Cott.) Ar sun ga dun pat ilk dai. 
cx1400 Destr. Troy 7807 The day wex dym, doun was the 
sun. 1559 W. CunNINGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 18 The rysing, 
and goyng downe of every Planet. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's 
Mag. . 89 Far Northward or Southward..the Sun goeth 
not down, as they find that Sail about the North Cape. 
1849 JamEs Woodman ii, The sun had gone down some 
two hours before. 

9. Below the surface or to the bottom of water ; 
into the depths of the sea: 40 20 down, to sink ; to 
run down to sink (¢vanrs.) by running against. 

1659 D. Pett Jzpr. Sea 298 One, or both of those ships.. 
goes down with all their passengers in the very bottome. 
1782 Cowrer Loss R. George vi, When Kempenfelt went 
down With twice four hundred men. 1886 Mewsfr., A 
boat’s crew of the whaling schooner..was taken down by 
a whale near the Cape Verde islands. 

10. To the ground-floor or floor below ; down- 
stairs, sc¢/. from one’s bedroom, or to the dining- 
room, to dinner. 

1sgz Saks. Rom. § Ful. ut. v. 66 Is she not downe so 
late, or vp so early? 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. iv, Down came 
my wife and daughters. 1887 Mrs. J. H. Perks / vow 
Heather Hills I. xviii. 308 A quiet dinner-party, with 
a nice, sensible man to take you down, 

Down the throat; into the stomach; /0 90 
down, to be swallowed; also fig. to please the 
mental palate: see Go. 

1582 N. LicueriEtp tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. xvii. 
{t The king shuld not swallow same downe. 1632 

ASSINGER City Madam 1. i, Butcher’s meat will not go 
down. 1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. ui. vi, 241 
A bitter potion that Is soon down, 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. 
xviii, Fletcher, Ben Jonson, and all the plays of Shakespeare, 
are the only things that go down, 1816 Keatince 7rav. 
(1817) I. 105 Which homely fare they wash down with a 
Sposa of light wine. 

2. In reference to payment: (Laid) upon the table 
or counter ; (paid) on the spot, or at the instant. 

1ss7 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 265 
Payeng vijl' done. 1605 Suaxs. Lear 1. ii, 93, 1 dare pawne 
in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 
App. v. (1890) 11 Lord Huntington’s marriage .. with Sir 

ames Langham’s daughter, who gives 20,000/, downe, 1804 

oLsELEY Marlborough 1. 77 For a lump sum down, an 
a liberal annuity. .Charles agreed to declare war. 

18. On paper or other surface used for writing ; 
in writing : with write, note, set, put, take, lay, etc. 
See the verbs. 

1576 FLEMING —_ Efist. 83 He gathereth arguments 
..and setteth him selfe downe for a president or patterne to 
bee followed. /did. 236 In the margent, the name of the 

rson is set downe to whome the same was directed. 1599 
aun. Much Adow. ii. 17 Write downe Master gentleman 
Conrade. 1697 Darter Voy. I. xvi. 448 Many shoals. .are 
not laid down in our Drafts. 171. STEELE Sfect. No. 155 


DOWN. 


? 2, I will keep Pen and Ink at the Bar, and write down all 
they say to me. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 248, I took down the 
Names. 1847 Marryvat Citldr. N. Forest ix, 1 should have 
put you down for eighteen,or nineteen at least. 1885 
Manch, Exam. 14 July 5/3 Mr. Stansfield’s bill. .was down 
for second reading on Wednesday. 

V. Of order, time, condition, quality, or value. 

14. From a higher to a lower point or member 
in any series or order. 

a 1300 Cursor A, 1659 (Cott.) Fra pe mast dun to pe lest. 
1684 R. H. School RKecreat. g2 So by turns, 'till every 

Sell being hunted up and down, comes into its proper Place 
again, /éid, 96 Whatsoever Bells you follow when you 
Hunt up, the same Bells in the same order you must follow 
in Hunting down. 1816 Keatince 7vazv. (1817) II. 68 
Every country has its etiquettes..in Sp 
the taking of a pinch of snuff. 1876 TREVELYAN JVacaulay 
I, i. 53 From the highest effort of genius down to the most 
detestable trash, 1885 J/anch. Exam. 28 May 5/2 From 
the aristocracy down to the collier and quarryman. 

15. From an earlier to a later time. 

1415 Hoccteve Jo Sir ¥. Oldcastle 122 Vnto seint Petir 
and his successours, And so foorth doun, 1662 STILLINGFL. 
Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 5 Down from the time of Moses. 1747 

BERKELEY 7ar-water in Plague Wks. 111. 480 Throughout 
all ages down to our own, 1816 Kratincr 7vaz. (1817) I, 
228 ‘The accounts which theancients have handed down tous. 

16. To a lower amount ; to or at a reduced rate 
or price. 

1573 lec. Burgh Glasg. 22 Aug. (Jam. Supp.) Gevin to 
James Andersoun..doun of his ferme be ressoun of the 
greit droutht, xxj li, 1678 Butter //ud. ut. ii. 320 Bring: 
ing down the price of coals. 1838 Macautay 7emple & 
(1886) 434 Cutting down his salary. 1894 Daily New. 
Apr. 5/2 Turbot is down too. 

17. Yo or in a lower or inferior condition, a 
state of depression, subjection, humiliation, inac- 
tion, restraint, defeat, discomfiture, annihilation. 

1330 R. Beunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15736 Or hys iuel 
schulde brynge hym doun. ¢1380 Wycuir Sed, HAs. ILL. 
19 Of pi myche joie pou didist doun alle yvele spiritis. 
1513 Dovctas A4eneis Contents 22 Rutulianis.. By the 
deceiss of Camylla doun bett. 1596 Dravron Legends i. 
357 Who can rayse him, that Fortune will have downe? 
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. x. § 12 The Olympian games 
are down long since. 1618 Botton FVovus (1636) 117 
Annibal, now quite downe. 1760 C, Jounston Chrysal 
(1822) I. 289 She happened to look at her watch, but it was 
down. 1857 H. ReEp Lect. Eng. Povts viii. 274 If the 
spirit of a nation goes down, its poetry will go down with it. 
1872 Spurcron 77veas. Dav. Ps. |xix. 26 If a godly man be 
a little down in estate. 

b. With frown, hiss, hoot, shout, talk, etc. : to 
put down, reduce to silence, etc., by such action. 

1sg0 SHAKs. Com, Err. ut. i. 6 Here’s a villaine that 
would face me downe He met me on the Mart. 1613 — 
Hen V1/II,1. i. 20 The French shone downe the English, 
1887 A. Birrece Obiter Dicta Ser. u. 272 He was immedi- 
ately frawned down by Mrs. Snagsby. 

18. Into or in low spirits; fo de down, to be 
downcast or depressed. co//oy. 

1610 B. Jonson Adch. iv, vii, Thou art so downe vpon the 
least disaster! c1620 Z. Boyp Zion’s Flowers (1855) 113 
Men's hearts are downe. 1782 Jounson Let. fo Mrs. Thrale 
4 June, When I prest your hand at parting I was rather 
down, 1865 THoREAU Cafe Cod x. (1894) 315 The Captain 
is rather down about it, but I tell him to cheer up. 

19. To smaller size or bulk ; to minute particles ; 


to a finer consistency. 

1675 Woop Lif (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 327 He..melted it 
[New Coll. plate] downe. 1731 ArsuTHNot A//ments (J.) 
To be boiled down..to a sapid fat. 1816 Keatince Trav. 
1817) I, 50 Ground down into dust. 1865 LyeLt “lem. Geol, 
er 6) 25 Wearing down into a fine powder, 1890 ABNEY 
Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 76 The. .liquid is. thinned down to 


- proper fluidity. 


20. From a roused, excited, or violent state; into 
or in a state of subsidence or calm. 

1590 SPENSER F. Q.1, iii. 8 Downe fell his angry mood. 
1sgt Suaks. Two Gent, u. iii. 60 If the winde were downe. 
16.. Progr. Honesty vii. 9 You whose insipid Palat's 
down, Failing to relish. 1798 CoLertipGe Amc. Mar. u. vi, 
Down dropt the breeze. 1814 S. Rocers Yacguel. u. 55 
To walk his troubled spirit down. 

21. Into a weaker, milder, or less pronounced 
quality ; e.g. ¢o soften, tone down : see the verbs. 

1816 KeatiNce 7vav. (1817) I. 250 Time softens down 
things by unobserved degrees. 1832 Gen. P. THomrson 
Exerc. (1842) I. 42 Tamed down into as harmless and bene- 
ficent a sect as the Quakers. 3 

22. slang. Aware, ‘wide-awake.’ (See also 27a.) 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Down, sometimes synony- 
mous with awake, as when the party you are about to rob, 
sees or suspects your intention, it is then said that the cove 7s 
down, 1812 Sporting Mag. XX XIX. 285 He supposed he 
was down (had knowledge of it). 1817 /éid. L. 201 Down 
asanail, 1850 SMEDLEY rank Fairl. iv. (Farmer) You're 
down to every move, I see, as usual. : 

VI. With ellipsis of a verb: so that down itself 
functions for the verbal phrase. (But uninflected, 
and therefore used only for imperative and infini- 
tive after auxiliary verbs. Hence Down z.*) 

23. With ellipsis of come, g0, sit, kneel, lie. 

BL in Wyclif’s Sel. Wks. 111. 472 His proude clerkis 

downe with ther pride. c 1400 Kom. Rose 5868 Doune 
shalle'the castelle every dele. 15309 Hawes Past. Pleas. xx. 
vii, The warre which may sone aryse And wy] not downe. 1535 
CoverpaLe Ezek, xxxil. 19 Downe .. and laye the with the 
vncircumcised. 1596 SHaks. Merch. V, ww. i. 363 Downe 
therefore, and beg mercy of the Duke, | 1636 SANDERSON 
Serm. 11, 53 Yet down it must, subdued it must be. 1671 
Mu.ron Samson 322 Down reason then, at least vain reason- 


ings down, 1847 Marryvat Ciildr, N. Forest Oy Dowu, 


DOWN. 


Smoker, dog! 1885 R. Bripces Nevo 1, i, That house 
of Rares hat blocks the way must down. 

24. With ellipsis of go, in sense ‘ be swallowed.’ 
lit. and fig. : 

1580 Lyty Enphues (Arb) 993 There was no broth that 
would downe, but of hir ing. 1581 Petrie Guazzo’s 
Civ, Conv. To Rdr. (1586) A vj b, Nothing will downe with 
them but French, Italian, or Spanish. 1692 Locke Educ. 
§ 14 (R.) If he be hungry more than wanton, bread alone 
will down. c1708 Swirt Baucis § Philemon 143 Plain 
Goody would no longer down; "I'was Madam, in her gro- 


gram gown. ne 

25. With ellipsis of put, etc. ; 

1820 Byron Blues 1. 115 And down Aristotle! c 1860 
H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 6 What is the necessary 
precaution at the word ‘ down oars’? 1867 SmytH Sazdor’s 
Word-bk., Down oars!.. Down with the helm! 1875 
Beprorp Sailor's Pocket Bk. vi. (ed. 2) 215 If caught in 
a hard sudden squall, down helm at once. ; 

b. In same sense, down with: esp. in com- 
mands. (Cf. Away with.) 

1535 CoveRDALE Ps. cxxxvi[i]. 7 Downe with it, downe with 
it, euen to the grounde, 1591 SHAKS. 7wo Gent. Iv. 1. 2 
Shrinke not, but down with “em. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's 
Mag. 1. 19 Down with all Hammocks and Cabins. 1708 
Mortevux Radelais w. xxiii. (1787) 98 Down with your Sails. 
1820 SHELLEY (Edipus 1. 323 Long live Iona! down with 
Swellfoot ! 1856 C. Mackay Songs for Music, Emigrants 
x. i, Down with the lords of the forest ! [i.e. trees.) 

26. Used in ballad refrains, without appreciable 
meaning. (Cf. Down 5.3 1.) 

1598 SHaks. Merry W.1. iv. 44 1 doubt he be not well, 
that hee comes not home: (and downe, downe, adowne’a, 
&c. 1602 — Ham. 1v. v. 170 You must sing downe 
a-downe, and you call him a-downe-a. 717.. Robin Hood 
& Bishop in Evans O. B. (1784) I. xix. 102 Come, gentlemen 
all, and listen a-while, With a hey down, down and a-down. 
a 1845 Hoop Comfass xiii, Down, down, a dreary derry 
down. 

VII. Phrases. 

27. Downon. a. 70 be down on (upon): tobeaware 
of, to understand, to be ‘up to’. slang. See 22. 

1793 J. Pearson Polit. Dict., Egad, the Baronet was 
down upon it. 1811 Sforting Mag. XXXVII. 76 Was 
down upon him, and clearly up to his gossip. 1865 
G. Berkeey Life, etc. I. 103 (Farmer) 1 said..‘ I’m down 
on it all: the monkey never bit your dog.’ 

b. Zo be down on (upon): to fall upon, pounce 
upon, assail, attack (from a superior position). 

1815 Scott Guy M. xxviii, I think we should be down 
upon the fellow one of these darkmans, and let him get it 
well. 1845 James A. Neil vi, We were out from the alders 
in a minute, down upon them. 1885 Mrs. Lysn Linton 
Christ. Kirkland I, vi. 196 The critics would have been 
down on the author as an absurd bungler. 

28. Down east (U.S.): into or in the eastern 
sea-coast districts of New England, esp. Maine. 
Also as adj. and sb. Hence Down-easter. 

1825 J. Neat Bro. Fonathan 1. 28 A little boy from 
‘down-east’. 1837 W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville 1. 110 A 
arty of regular ‘down-easters’, that is to say, people of 

New England. 1867 O. W. Hotmes Guard. Angel 
viii. (1891) 87 He actually had the down-east city called 
after it. 1883 Harper's Mag. Nov. 938/2 This was origin- 
ated by down-east men. — ; 

9. Down south: into or in the south; in U.S. 
down the Mississippi; into or in the Southern States. 
1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xii, ‘Taking her down 
south?’ said the man. Haley nodded and smoked on. 
Mod. He is now in Newcastle, but is coming down south 
next week. if A 

O. Down to the ground (co//og.) : thoroughly, 
completely. 

1867 Miss Broucuton Cometh up as a Flower xxvi, 
Suited me down to the So 1889 T. A. TRoLLorE 
What I remember U1. 289 The occupation .. suited my 
tastes and habits ‘down to the ground’, as the modern 
ae phrase has it. ? 

31. Down at HEEL, down in the Hips, down on 
(or 77) one’s Luck, down in the MovutH: see the 
sbs. Down with!: see 25 b. 

VIII. 32. Comparative degree + downer; also 
+ downermore (obs.). Superlative: see Downmost, 

spare 6619 Ac the delfyn is more queynter, And 
halt him in the water douner. ¢139r Cuaucer Asfro/. u. 
§ 12 As the sonne clymbith vppere and vppere, so goth his 
nadir downere and downere. ¢1430 Syx Gener. (Roxb.) 
4226 Dounermore the stroke went yet. 1435 Misyn Fire 
of Love. x. 20 Bettyr it is..pat criste..to vs say, ‘frende, 
cum vppyrmare’, pen pat he say, ‘ carl, go donyrmare’, 

IX. Down- in combination. 

33. In combination with verbs, both words having 
their ordinary meaning. (Stress on the verb.) 

Such are down-come, down-cry (to cry down, 
decry), + down-dagger, down-darken, down-droop, 
down-go, down-lay, +down-peize (to weigh down, to 
compensate), down-four, down-press, down-run, 
down-shear, down-shower, down-smite, down- 
spring, pt, a down-thring (to press down, 
crush), down-throw, down-trample, down-tumble, 
Also DowNnBEAR, -CAST, -LIE, etc. 

These are very doubtful combinations. In ME., though 
occasionally written as one word, the adverb and verb 
were usually written separately, e.g. doun come, doun 
vyn, but are often hyphened by editors of modern editions, 


e.g. m-come, doun-ryn. Modern instances are mostly 
poetical, being merely examples of inversion of the prose 
order of verb and adverb for metrical or rhe 


torical 
(e.g. Ae down-throws for down he throws = he t 
down) ; the hyphen seems, as a rule, unnecessary. 


626 


cx2g0 Gen. § Ex. 1608 [He] sa3 A leddre stonden, and Sor- | 
on Angeles *dun cumen and up gon. 1340 Hamrote Pr. 
Conse. He sal do fire fra heven don com. 1883 
Besant A// in Garden Fair u. i, Those who..* i 

her beauty. 1654 Gayton Peas. Notes 11. i. 36 He let fly.. 
and with one blow, confounded and *do gger'd him. 
a1300 E, E. Psalter cvi. 26 Pai up stiyhen..And pai 
*doun ga. 161 Spegp Hist. Gt. Brit. vin. iv. (1632) 404 
The presence of the one, *downe-peized the absence of the 
other. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 7123 Pe water pl mam 
salle *doun ryn Ffra pair eghen. a1300 E. E. Psalter 
Ixxiii. 6 Paire yhetes with axes pai *doune schare. 1844 
Mrs. Browninc Romaunt Page xxxv, The boy *down- 
sprung And stood. 1513 DoucLas /neis 1. v. 62 This 

neas..In Itale thrawart ~~ sall *doun thryng. 1558 
Q. Kennevie Compend, Tractive in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 
(1844) I. 100 To invaid, oppres, and alluterlie dounthryng 
the Congregatioun. 1581 N. Burne Disput. 43 b (Jam.) In- 
ducing subiectis to oppress and *dounthrau their maisters. 
1878 Browninc Poets Croisic 61 *Down-trampling vulgar 
hindrance. 1628 Forp Lover's Mel. m1. i, One careless 
slip *down-tumbles him again. 

34. With present participle or ppl. adj. These 
are practically unlimited in number, the use of the 
hyphen being merely syntactical. They have the 
stress usually on dow2- when used as adjectives, on 
the radical element when used as participles. Ex- 
amples are: down-beaming, down-crouching, down- 
dragging, down-drawing, down-driving, down- 
drooping, down-flowing, down-going, down-hang- 
ing, down-rushing, down-sloping, down-stooping, 
down-tumbling, etc. Also DOWNPALLING, -LOOK- 
ING, ete. 

1868 Lp. HoucuTon Select. fr. Wks. 189 *Down-beaming 
from the brazen Syrian skies. 1593 Bacchus Bountie in 
Harl. Misc. (Malh.) 11. 263 To crase his crowne with 
a *downedriuing blow. 1840 CLoucH Difsychus u. v. 48 
The deep plough in the lazy undersoil Down-driving. 1784 
Cowrer 7iroc. 361 Graced With wig prolix, *down-flowing to 
his waist. 159 Sytvester Du Bartas i. v. 1012 Asawolf.. 
Flyes with *down-hanging head. 1868 G. StrerHens Runic 
Mon, 1. 226 Another downhanging rope. a18ar Keats 
Fancy 65 Acorns ripe *down-pattering. 1647 H. More Som, 
of Soul it. iii. ut. xxxvi, That strong *down-pulling centrall 
sway. /did. 1. 11. vii, Soft “down-sliding sleep. 1837 Loner. 
Frithiof's Homestead 3 The *down-sloping hill-sides. 
1780 Cowper Progr. Err. 177 Night, “down-stooping from 
her ebon throne. A 

35. With past or passive participle or ppl. adj. 
These also are unlimited in number, the hyphen 
being merely syntactical; the stress varies as in 
prec. Examples are: down-bent, down-borne, 
down-burnt, down-dashed, down-dropped, down- 
pressed, down-put, down-thrown, down-turned, etc. 
Also Downcast, etc. 

1831 CartyLe Sart. Res. u. iii, A *downbent, broken- 
hearted..martyr. 1882 L. C. Littre Prudence 96 She 
kept her face passionately down-bent. 1597 WARNER 
Alb, Eng., Aineidos 317 *Down-burnt Turrets, 1832 TeNny- 
son (Enone 55 With *downdropt eyes I sat alone. 1849 
Cioucn Life & Duty vi. 13 With shrunk bodies and heads 
pepe shia dn ¢142§ Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. E. T. S.) 
27 Oure lord ihesu criste, the whiche losith stokkid men, 
reysith vp *downe pressid, 1623 PENKETHMAN Handy. 
Hon. Epist., Like downe-prest Camomile, to spring. 1840 | 
Car.y.e //erces iv. (1872) 130 That downpressed mood of 
despair. a1340 Hampoce Psalter |xi. 3 Wall pat is with- 
outen cyment “downput. ¢ 1600 SHaks. Sonn. Ixiv, When 
sometime loftie towers I see *down-rased. 

36. With agent-noun (stress on down-), as down- 
crier, -lier, -puller, -setler. Also DOWN-COMER, etc. 

1878 Besant & Rice Monks of Th. 9 *Downcriers, enviers 
and backbiters. 1656 S. HoLtanp Zara (1719) 99 Up-risers 
and *Down-liers in this mighty City. Tous Lyatt 
We Two ii, A mere hater, a passionate *downpuller. 1744 J. 
Paterson Comm. Milton's P. L. 386 *Down-setters ; an 
who set the dishes in good order upon the King’s table. 

37. With verbal sb. (stress on down-), as tdown- 
ganging, down-going, -lighting, -pouring, -pulling, 
putting, -rushing, -shedding, -sinking, -sitting. 
Also Down-coMING, -FALLING, etc. 

ri Sir S, D'Ewes in Rushw. Hist. Coll, 11. (1692) 1. 

'o add... but one Grain to the *down-balancing of the 

ffairs of Christendom, 1340 Hamrore Pr, Conse. 477 


‘il pe tyme of pe son *doun-gangyng. 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
de FE + Vint, xxviii. (Toifem, MS. 
oun; 


¢ [the sun] semep 
more in his arisinge and * . <2 NDOR 
Exam, Shaks. Wks, 11. 266 His down-goings and uprisings. 
ar A. Suretps Society Contendings (1780) 40 (Jam.) 
A *down-pouring of the Spirit, in his fullness, be your 
allowance. 1 Napueys Prev. §& Cure Dis. 1. viii. 240 
There should be a liberal down-pouring of carbolic acid. 
1631 Weever Anc, Fun, Mon. 431 This Priory Church.. 
was preserued from..*downe pulling. 1831 Cartyte Sart. 
Res, ut. vii, In our age of Downpulling and Disbelief, the 
very Devil has been pulled-down. c1440 Hytton Scala 
Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxvi, “Downe puttyng and 
a-lowenge of his euencristen. ¢ 1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) 
Chron. Scot. (1728) 9. 2 ee who were the occasion of 
his down-putting. 1837 ‘ARLYLE Fr, Kev, Il. v. i, The 
dust and *downrushing of a Bastille. 1554 Knox Faythfé 
Admon, Gvijb, Of Peters *downsync! ynge in y® sea, 
1883 R. A. Proctor in Contemp. Rev. Earth Movem. Java, 
The upheavals and downsinkings. 1535 CoverDALE Ps. 
exxxvili, 2 Thou knowest my “downe syttinge and my 
vprisynge. _ Scorr Old ae iv, The —_— out the 
ice at ae dounsitting, inzet Cert. Tractates 
Wks. 1888 I, 1x For bine “den ping of ydolatrie. 
38. With noun of action (stress on down-), as 
downbreak, down-drag, downflow, downgrowth, 
downlet (cf. outlet), downshoot, down-step, down- 
stroke, etc. Also Downeast, sé., -DRAUGHT, etc. 


| said to be engaged on the fh 
| 


1865 Livincstone Zambesi bye hey must prove a *down- 


drag, a moral millstone on 1887 Gd. Words 758 
The * air, 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life 12 
The by ysial *downgrowths. a 168: R. 

Forty . 1.137 (L.) A *downlet to that b less pit. 
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 44 The verie first * 

to all wick Di Bleak Ho. xxi, Every up- 
stroke and * of both documents. 


39. Parasynthetic, as down-backed, down-faced, 
down-rumped ; also DOWNHEARTED, -LOOKED. 

1sd0 Hottysanp 77reas. Fr. Tong, Bossu, *downe backed, 
crooke-shouldered, 1832 J. P. Kennepy Swadlow B, xix, 
He was rather *“down-fi and confused. 1697 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 3300/4 A bay Gelding. .a little *down Rumpt. 

Down (daun), prep. [Down adv. construed 
with an object. Cf. ADowN as prep.] 

1. In a descending direction along, through, or 
into; from top to bottom of; from a higher to 
a lower part of. 

1508 DunBAR hat, Sy Kennedie 225 Than rynis thow 
doun the gait. 1 . CUNNINGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 51 
Let us go downe this Hill into the Citie. 1593 SHaks. 
Rich. 11, 1. i. 57 Vutill it had return’d These tearmes of 
treason, doubly downe his throat, 1632 Mitton Penseroso 
107 Such notes as..Drew iron tears down Pluto's cheek. 
1743 Butketey & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 145 Down his Sides, 
and all the Belly Part, is white Wool. 1895 Manch. Guard. 
14 Oct. 5/6 The workmen have to be lowered by ropes down 
the face of the cliff. a 

b. In reference to position: At a lower part of. 

1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 1. 225 Three Miles down the 
River, are the Ruins. 1816 Keatince 7vav. (1817) I. 26 
The wines produced down the course of the Rhone. /did. 
II. 229 In the timbered parts of France, down the Loire. 

2. Often with no implication of actual descent: 
To (or at) what is regarded as a lower part of; 
along the course or extent of. Upand down: see 
Up. Also fig. (e.g. of time ; cf. the adv.). 

1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat.1. (1677) 94 Some Hares will go 
up one side of the Hedge, and come down the other. 1726 
Suetvocke Voy. round World (1757) 28 He weighed, and 
fell down the harbour. 1836 ATINGE 7¥av. (1817) 1. 
176 A steady north breeze .. prevails all down this coast 
from the Straits. /éid., In the progress down the coast, 
1859 Jeruson Brittany ii. 18 Down the middle [of the 
room] were two..tables. 1861 Loweit Poet. Wks. (1879) 
423 The echoes..Like Odin’s hounds, fled baying down 
the night. 1878 G. Dawson Serm. Disputed Points xv. 
260 Shouting down the ages, ‘We did miracles!’ JZod. 
Traffic passing up and down the line. 

b. Down town: Into the town (from a more 
elevated suburb) ; down in the town. (See also 3.) 

1835 Gray Lett. (2893) 55 To-day when I go down town 
I shall subscribe for the ‘New York Observer’ for you, 
_ Century Mag. XXVI. 917/1 She was down-town 

one, 

ec. Down (the) wind: Yn the direction in which 
the wind is blowing ; also fig.: see WIND. 


3. The preposition and its object may be used as 


| an advb, or attrib, phrase ; as in down-river, down- 


stream, down-town, etc. (Cf. up-country farmer.) 
1645 RutHerrorD 7ryal ‘4 Tri. Faith (1845) 321 Heaven 
is down-ground when faith seeth it; it is, when sight 
faileth us, toilsome, and up the mount. 1859 SaLa 7%. round 
Clock 4p.m. » g (Farmer) A knot of medical ae 
who should properly..have a racing and down-the-ri 
look. 1864 CartyLe /redk. Gt. IV. Konigstein, a little 
down-stream of Schandau. op | H. H. Kaye in Harper's 
Mag. Nov. 944/2 In the lobby of a down-town hotel. 1887 
Pall Mall G. 24 Dec. 2/1 At one of the down-river offices. 


1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Men on canal- 
boats on their return journey to Liverpool Leeds. .are 
or down lock. 


vl rare. wn sd.2] trans. To 
cover or line with down, to render downy. 


x602 Marston Ant. §& Mel. 11, Wks. 1856 I. 34 O calme 
husht rich content..How soft thou down’st the couch 
where thou dost rest. 1742 Younc V¢. 7%, vit. 214 Their 
nest so deeply fownrd, built so high. : : 

Down, v.”_ [f. Down adv. in the elliptical uses 
under VI, the ady. having gradually received verbal 
inflexions.] 


1. trans. To bring, put, throw, or knock down. 

{x62 Turner Herbal 1. 23 The rootes..helpe to down 
furth the birth in tyme of labor. ¢1586 C’ress Pemproke 
Ps, CXLVI, ii, To down proud wicked to the dust.) 1778 
ecg 29 Apr, in Boswell Life, He talked of one whom 

e did not know; but I downed him with the King of 
Prussia. 1780 — Let, to Mrs, Thrale 11 Apr., Did you 
quite down her? 2852 R, S. Surtees Sponees Sp. Tour 
xxvii, His horse.. had downed him three times, 1889 
Gunter That Frenchman xi, The masked wrestler having 
downed all the professional athletes, 

2. intr. To come or go down, to descend. 

182g Lavy Granvitte Left. (1894) I. 360 What an odd 
thing life is, and how it ups and downs, and ebbs and flows. 

3. Zo down upon, on; to come down upon, 
fall upon, assail as from a sw ~ new od 

5 . S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 95. He 
would down upon her at the second or third [Fn 
1884 Punch 6 Dec, /2 Prove that you value me by 
downing. .on my enemies. 

4. To down with: to put or throw down; to 
have done with. oe 

[1s09 Broughton's Lett. ix. 34 1 dismisse you..with aduise 
to..downe with your welnn, you Tuneuaay D. 
impr. Sea Ded. 8 Let’s down with swearing, if ever 


her House. St. Dame's Gas. 28 ‘ov. 3/2 Another 
warty Hb es the House of Lords. 


ee 


DOWNBEAR. 


+ Downbea'r, v. Obs. trans. To bear down, 
ress down, cause to sink; fg. to oppress. Hence 
wn-bea ‘ring v6/. sb. and Afi. a. 

¢1330_R. Brunne C/iron. (1810) 158 A tempest on him 
light, His schip was dounborn. a@1340 Hamrote Psalter 
Ixxxviii. 41 Pou heghed pe right hand of downberand him. 
1680 G. Hicxes Spirit of nog 4 Pref. 5 For the Down- 
bearing of the np ae 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) 
I. 230 Such a full down-bearing Perswasion, 1854 Fon- 
BLANQUE Exg. under 7 Administ. (1837) 111. 130 Hemmed 
in and downborne by an overpowering opposition. 

Downcast (daunka'st), v. ow only foet. 

f. Down adv. + Cast v.] trans. To cast down 
(Ht, and fig.) ; to overthrow, demolish ; to deject, 
dispirit. Hence Downea'sting vd/. sd. 

a1300 EL. E. Psalter \xxv. 6 In ax and in thixil pai it 
doun-caste. 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. E. T.S.) 

By a cruell downecastyng.. a1572 Knox //ist, Ref. 
Wks. (1846) I. 341 For the..abolishment of idolatrie, and 
for douncasting the places of the same. 1724 Wodrow Corr. 
(1843) III. 120 The occasion of your downcastings. 1839 
Loner. Mass for Dying Year xii, The stars from heaven 
down-cast. 

Downeast (dawnkast), sd. [f Down adv. + 
Cast sb. ; cf. prec. vb.] 

1. The act of casting down (/¢. and fig.) ; over- 
throw, demolition, ruin; downward cast (of the 
eyes or look). b. Geol. = DownTHROW 2. 

a@1300 Cursor M. 23721 (Cott.) Dame fortune turnes ban 
hir quele And castes vs dun..O pat dun-cast we mai wit 
chance Enentis pis werld get couerance. 1612 T. James 
Sesuits’ Downf. 11 Exaltation of themselues, and downecast 
of all that side not with them. 1723 STEELE Consc. Lovers 
u. i, I saw the respectful Downcast of his Eyes. 1819 
Ress Cycl., Downcast, a term among Miners and Colliers 
for the sinking down of the measures or strata on one side 
ofa fault. 1881 Q. Rev. July 102 Upliftings and downcasts 
of strata. 

2. The throwing down of a current of air into a 
coal-mine, etc. ; a¢trzb. in downcast shaft, the shaft 


by which fresh air is introduced into a mine, also ° 


ellipt. called the down-cast. 
_ 1816 Hotmes Coal-mines Durham, etc. 78 Ventilation .. 
is accomplished by means of a stream of air which descends 
the Downcast Shaft and passes through the workings until 
it finds the Upcast Shaft, through which it ascends. 1859 
Ann. Reg. 43 Worked by a single shaft, for both the ‘up- 
cast’ and the ‘down-cast’. 1880 J. Lomas Alkali Trade 
150 The heat and smoke are..drawn away to the chimney 
by means of the downcast. 1881 19k Cent. No. 48. 239. 
iowncast (daunkast), AA/. a. [f. Down adv. 
+Cast fil. a.; also as pa. pple. of Downcast v.] 

1. Cast down; ruined, destroyed ; fg. dejected. 

1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. v. vi. Wks. 1856 I. 143 The 
downe-cast ruines of calamitie. 16r1 Hrywoop Gold. Age 
ut. i, Wks. 1874 III. 42 In the repairing of your downe-cast 
state. 1832 Hr. Martineau Homes Abroad iii. 43 A few 
looked downcast. 1849 Grote Greece u. Ix. V. 291 ‘A down- 
cast stupor and sense of abasement possessed every man. 

2. Of looks, etc.: Directed downwards; de- 
jected. 

1633 G. Hersert Temple, Ch. Militant 86 Where first the 
Church should raise her down-cast face. 1718 Prior Power 

87 With downcast eyelids, and with looks aghast. 1868 

REEMAN Worm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 166 With downcast 
eyes and bated breath. 

Hence Do'wncastness. 

a@18sr Morr Sonn., Scot. Sabbath ii, Your doubts to chase, 
your downcastness to cheer, 

Downcome (dau‘njkxm), sd. [f. Down adv. + 
ComE v. ; cf. cncome, outcome.) 

1. The act of coming down (/z¢, and fig.) ; descent, 
downfall; humiliation. 

1gt3 Dovcias Aineis ut. iv. 59 At douncom of thir 
Harpyis. 1594 Sournwet, WM. Magd. Fun. Teares 101 
Love’s feares will stoope to the lowest downecome. 1641 
Mixton Reform. 1, (1851) 7 Like the sudden down-come of 
aTowre. 1815 Scott Rob Roy xix, It’s a brave kirk. .It 
had amaist a doun-come lang syne at the Reformation. 1877 
Mrs. Ouipnant Makers Flor. iii. 79 That sense of downcome 
which is, of all sensations of poverty, the most hard to bear. 

b. Hawking. A swoop down. 

1575 TurBERV. Kaulconrie 9 erg ay ed downecomme, and 
stouping from hir wings. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. u. 
(2677) 178 The Faulcon..hath a natural inclination and love 
to fly the Hern every way, either from her Wings to the down- 
come, or from the Fist and afore-head. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. 
India & P. 219 Tropick Birds..stooping to their Game.. 
perform it at one down-come. 

2. Metallurgy. (See quot.) 

1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., Downcome, the pipe through 
which tunnel-head from iron blast-furnaces are brought 
down to the hot-blast stoves and boilers, when these are 
below the tunnel-head. 

Dow'n-comer. a. One who comes down. 
b. techn. A pipe or tube to convey water down- 
wards (cf, prec. 2). : 

1868 ATKINSON Cleveland Gloss. 1896 Daily News 20 Apr. 
5/2 In the Yarrow boiler there are no outside downcomers. 

Dow'n-coming, v/. sb. A coming down, 
descent (/#t. and fig.) : =DoWNCOME sd, 1. 

I Hampote Py. Consc. 5271 At his doun commyng. 
1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 400 Before 
the bishops’ downcoming. | 1883 Besant Ad in Garden 
Fair u. vi, A sad downcoming of his lofty aims. 

Down-draught (dau'ndraft). 

1. A descending draught or current of air, 

1849 Cot. Wiseman Sense v. Sc. Ess, 1853 III. 603 How 
the north wind should always drive a down-draught ., into 
the drawing-room, 


| 


627 


2. A down-dragging or depressing influence. Sc. 

¢1788 Picken Twa Rats Misc. Poems ue I. 68 (Jam.) 
We yield To nae downdraught but perfect eild. 

So Down-draw, Down-drug. Sc. 

1788 Picken Misc. Poems (1813) I. 79 (Jam.) Poortith’s 
sair down-draw. 1814 North. Antig. 429 (Jam.) Love in 
our hearts will wax..'Thro’ crosses and down-drug. 

Downe, obs. f. Down, done (see Do v.). 

Downfall (daw nf91). 

1. The act of falling down; sudden descent. 

1450-1 Myrr. our Ladye 298 The sonne knowyng no 
downe falle. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr, Acad. w. 493 
Those that .. runne on swiftly whither they please, without 
feare of downe falles. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 
213 If she [the hawk] miss at the first down-fall and kill not. 
1710 Appison Whig Exant. No. 2 (Seager), I never met 
so sudden a downfal in so promising a sentence. 1842 
Tennyson St. Sim, Styl. 108 "Tween the spring and down- 
fall of the light. 

b. A fall (of water, rain, snow, etc.). 

1603 Knoties //ist. Turks (1638) 31 The riuer Melas. .in 
Winter or any other great downefall of water .. right 
suddenly ouerfloweth his bankes, 1867 Smytu_ Sailor's 
Word-bk., Downfalls, the descending waters of rivers and 
creeks. 1870 E, Peacock Ralf Shirl. 111. 17 Vhe weather- 
wise. .said there would soon be ‘downfall;’ but no rain came. 

+2. A steep descent, precipice; an abyss, gulf, 
pit. Ods. 

1542 Upart Erasm. Apoph. (1877) 151 Rockes of a down- 
right pitche, or a stiepe down fall. 1586 T. B. La Primand. 
Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) 231 Beware thou tumble not into some 
downefall. 1594 Carew //uarte’s Exam, Wits v. (1595) 67 
These. .delight to walke. .thorow dangerous and high places, 
and to approch neere steepe down-fals. 1691 Drypen A. 
Arthur u. i. Wks. 1884 VIII. 153 Dreadfull downfalls of 
unheeded rocks. 1822 Hoca Perils of Man 1, 63 A bit 
downfa’ to the south. 

3. Fall from high estate, ruin. 
use.) 

a 1300 Cursor M. 11362 (Cott.) pis child. .sal be to fel men 
in dun fall, And to fell in vprising. 1593 SHaxs. 3 //ex. l’/, 
v. vi. 64 Those that wish the downfall of our house. 1667 
Mitton P. LZ. 1. 116 That were an ignominy and shame 
beneath This downfall. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 60 
P 2 Histories of the dowatel of kingdoms. 1824 W. IrRvING 
T. Trav. 11. 3 The downfall of his great expectations. 

+b. concr. (pl.) Ruins, débris. Ods. 

160z2._ Warner Ald. Eng. xit. Ixxili. (1612) jor On 
Auentine the down-fals are of Temples store to see. 

4. Something constructed on purpose to fall down. 

1856 C. J. ANpersson Lake Neami 528 To destroy the 
hippopotamus..by means of the downfall. ..consisting of a 
log of wood. 

. attrib, Falling down, descending. 

1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 275 Protecting it .. from the 
entrance of the downfall spray. 1807 Vancouver Agric. 
Devon (1813) 285 By these drains the downfall waters 
would immediately escape. 

Dow'n-fallen, //. a. Also 7 -fall. 
to the ground, or from a high estate. 

1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. [V, 1. iii. 135 The downfall [wod. ed. 
-fallen] Mortimer. 1602 Carew Cornwall (J.) The land is 
now divorced by the downfallen steep cliffs on the farther 
side. 1608 SHAks. Mach, 1v. iii. 4 Let vs.. Bestride our 
downfall [#od. edd. -fallen] Birth-dome. 1784 Cowrrr 7'ask 
vt. 144 His foe’s down-fallen beast. 1817 Moore Ladla R., 
Veiled Proph. (1854) 82 Their down-fall’n Chief. 

Do-wnfalling, 74/. sb. The act of falling 
down; downfall ; + setting. 

a1300 EF. E. Psalter li. 6 Pou loved alle wordes of doun 
fallinge [L. praccipitationis]. 1340 Hampoir Pr. Cousc. 
6576 Hate teres of gretyng, That the synful sal scalden in 
the dounfallyng. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 331 
Ane [comet] schane ay afore the sonne-rising, and this othir 
afore his downfalling. 1826 E. Irvinc Badylon II. vt. 97 
He sent.. Jeremiah. . before the downfalling of destruction, 

Dow'nfalling, #//. a. Falling down; also 
Jig. declining, decaying. 

[a1300 E. E. Psalter xvii. 9 Koles pat ware doun falland 
Kindled ere of him glouand.] 1590 C.S. Right Religion 
14 The downfalling pride of the Pope. 1659 D, Pett /ipr. 
Sea 408 The Seamans high soaring suvsums, and his down- 
falling deorsumms. 1886 A. WiNCHELL Geol. Field 60 A down- 
falling mass of vapour. 

+ Down-flat, a [cf. Fiat a. 6.] Downright. 

1664 H. Cary Marriage Night 11. i. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XV. 140 This is a down-flat challenge. 

+ Dow'ngate. Ods. [f. Down adv. + Gare, 
going.] Going down, descent, setting. 


(The current 


Fallen 


cu tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T. S.) 8 
To doungate of be sonne. 1555 WatreMAN Fardle 


Factions 1. iv. 43 Certeine of theim worshippe the Sonne at 
his vprijste, and curse him moste bittrely at his doune gate. 
Downgeowne, obs. form of DUNGEON. 


Down grade, down-grade. [see Granz.] 
“it, A downward siggy a descending slope (on 
a railway, etc.) ; hence fig. A downward course or 
tendency in morals, religion, etc. Also attrib. 

1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 690/2 The train keeps on its 
rapid down-grade run. 1887 Spurceon (¢7#/e) Four Articles 
on the Down-Grade. 1888 Pall Mall G. 24 Apr. 11/1 The 
Baptist Union. . both parties in the ‘down-grade controversy’ 
having marshalled their forces. 1890 Daily News 8 Dec. 
2/1. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 3/2 A study in the down- 
grade of a village girl from seduction. .to prostitution, 

+ Down-gyved, #//. a. Obs. rare—'. [f. 
Down adv. 1X.+ Gyvu.] Explained by Steevens 
as meaning ‘ Hanging down like the loose cincture 
which confines fetters round the ancles.’ 

* 1602 SHaks, Ham, 1. i. 80 His stockings foul’d, Vngartred, 
and downe giued to his Anckle. 


DOWNLESS. 


Dow'‘nhaul (-h9l). au. [f. Down adv. + 


Haut v.] (See quot. 1867.) 

1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 17 All down upon your 
doone hall. 1727 Swirt Gudiiver u. i, We belayed the fore 
downhaul. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast v. 11, 1 .. sprang 
forward, threw the downhaul over the windlass. 1867 
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Down-haul, a rope passing up 
..to the upper corner of the sail to pull it down when 
shortening sail. Also..to the outer yard-arms of studding- 
sails, to take them in securely. 

b. attrib. Downhaul tackle (see quot. 1867). 

1762 Fatconer Shifwr. u. 319 Below the down-haul tackle 
others ply. 1867 Smyru Sazlor’s Word-bk., Down-haul 
tackles, employed when lower yards are struck. .to prevent 
them from swaying about after the trusses are unrove. 


+ Dow'nhauler. Nat. Obs. =prec. 

1794 Rigging & Seamanshif 1. 85 The higher studding- 
sails... are drawn down to be furled or reefed by down- 
haulers. /ééd. 165 Downhauler, A rope which hoists down 
the stay-sails, studding-sails, and boom-sails, to shorten sail. 


Downhearted (-haitéd), a Having the 
heart ‘down’ (see Down adv. 18); discouraged, 
low-spirited. (‘A colloquial word.’ Todd 1818.) 

a1774 Gotpsm. Ess. (L.), Come, my good fellow, don't be 
duwaheareal cheer up. 1860 Ruskin in Anne Ritchie 
Rec. Tennyson, etc. 29 Sept. (1892) 136, I am very glad to 
have your letter .. having been downhearted lately. 1869 
Goutsurn Purs. Holiness xxi. 199 ‘To console many 
a down-hearted Christian. 

Hence Downhea‘rtedly adv.; Downhea‘rted- 
ness. 

_ 1655 GuRNALL Chr. in Ariz. Introd. v. (1669) 174, I..find 
it come off as weakly and down-heartedly as before. a@ 1863 
THackeray Haggarty's Wife (1887) 281 His down-hearted- 
ness. .surprised. .his acquaintances. 

+ Downhe'ld. 0/s. In 4 dun-, doun-, etc. 
-helde, -heild. [f. Henn s4., slope.) A down- 
ward slope, declivity, decline, descent (/¢. and fig.). 

a@1300 Cursor AL, 3822 (Cott.) Jacob... sagh pe well be a 
doun heild. 747d. 5468 Negh seuen score yeir of eld Was 
pis iacob at his don heild [Mazrf atte his doun helde}. 
/bid. 6431 Pe sun was at dun heild [777x. doun helde). 

Downhill (see below) sd., adv., and a. 

A. sb. (daw'nhil).,  [f. Down adv.] 

1. The downward slope of a hill; a decline, 
declivity, descent (Zt, and fig.). 

1ggt SytvEesteR Du Bartas 1. ii. 39 Th’ Icie down-Hils of 
this slippery Life. 1607 Torsri.1. Kour-f Beasts (1658) 107 
Some on horseback, other on foot, follow the ¢ry .. neither 
fearing thornes, woods, down-hils. — 1795 BurKe Aegic. 
Peace iv. Wks. 1X. 119 It is not possible that the downhill 
should not be slid into. 1853 W. Jerpan Astodiog. IMI. 
xiv. 207 To cheer and solace the downhill of life. 

+2. slang. (pl) False dice which run on the 
low numbers. Oés. 

a1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Down-hills, Dice that run 
low. 1801 Sporting Mag. XVIII. 100. 

B. adv. (daunhi'l). [f. Down frep.] Down the 
slope of a hill; in a descending direction; on a 
decline ; down-wards (/¢. and _/ig.). 

1659 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 348 Whether it be up-hill 
or down-hill. 1719 De For Crasoe 1. xiv, A very short cut, 
and all down-hill. "1795 Lp. Avck LAND Corr, (1862) IIT. 313 
They are going downhill .. a well-concerted opposition will 
end the business. 1871 Sauces Charac. i. (1876) 17 They 
broke through the French and sent them flying downhill. 

C. adj. daw nhil), Sloping or descending down- 
wards ; declining. (Also ig.) 

1727 Porr, etc. Art of Sinking 71 The gentle down-hill 
way to the dathos, ax1zzg Concreve (J.), A downhill 
greensward., 1782 Cowrer Leff. 11 Nov., The down-hill 
side of life. 1856 Froupr //ist. Eng. I. 408 The monks had 
travelled swiftly on the downhill road of human corruption. 

Dow'nily, adv. rare. [f. Downy +-Lv2.] In 
a downy manner; like down or fluff. 

1835 Blackw. Mag. XXXVIII. 639 We have detected 
particles of nutmeg reposing downily on the surface. 

Downiness (dawninés). _[f. Downy + -Nxss.] 
The condition or quality of being downy ; a downy 
growth or substance. 

1670 W. Simpson //ydrol. Ess. 14 Vapours arise out of the 
iron which turn into a downiness. 1695 H. Sampson in 
Phil. Trans. X1X.80 A Downyness upon her chin, unusual 
with those of her Sex. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 88. 2/1 A 
Hoary kind of Downyness. 1855 Brownine JZen § Won, 
Respectability, Your lip's contour and downiness. 

Downione, obs. form of DuNGEON. 

+ Dow'nish, «. Os. [f. Down a. + -ISH.] 
Somewhat dejected or directed downward. 

1677 Lond. Gaz. No. 1177/4 One Booke Bookey, of a 
middle stature .. full fac’d, of a downish look. 1710 in 
Ballard MSS. XXXVI. No. 24 The Whigs are very 
downish here upon the late changes. 

Downk(e, obs, form of Dank. 

Dow'nland!. [f. Down sé.1; cf. OE. diin- 
Jand.] Land forming downs; hilly pasture-land. 

[c 1000 AELFRIc Devt. i. 7 Feld landum & dun landum.] 
1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 343/2 There are also about 
50,000 acres of down-land. 1884 W. J. CourtHore Addison 
ii. 27 Salisbury Plain, with .. its open tracts of undulating 
downland. ‘ 

Dow'nland 2. [Cf. zs/and.] Land lying low, 
or sloping downwards ; in quot. asér7d. 

1839 Stonenouse A.rholme 399 Descending the downland 
lawns. 

Downless (dawnlés), a, [f. Down 5,2 + 
-LESS.] Without down. 

1598 Martowe & Cuarman Hero & L. Ns The downless 
rosy faces Of youths and maids. 1796 ie, Brit. 

—2 


DOWN-LIE. 


Plants (ed. 3) U1. 222 Doronicum .. seeds of the circum- 
ference down-less and naked. J. C.. Jearrreson 
Woman in spite of Herself 1. 1. iv. 59 As downless and 
smooth-faced as any girl of eighteen summers, 

-lie (-lei), v. To lie down, go to bed, 
retire to rest. (Chiefly in pres. pple. Down-lying.) 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.1 33 88 b, Prayer is moche 
nece: at all tymes, bothe vprysynge and downlyenge. 
c1xgse Decay Eng. by Shepe (E.E.1,3S.) 98 To kepe vj. 
persons, downe lyinge and vprisynge in hys house. « 1628 
Preston Serm. bef. his Majestie (1630) 74 There are so 
many uprising & down-lying, that must have bread and 
meate from day to day. : 

Hence Dow'n-lying v/. sb. a. Lying down, 
going to bed; taking of permanent quarters. _b. 
Lying-in of a woman, confinement. (sorth. dial.) 

3535 Goodly Primer Ps. cxxxix, My ingoing and down- 
lying to sleep. 1603 Fiorito Montaigne 1. xxv. (1632) 82 
What they go withall is but a conceiving, and therefore 
nothing neere downlying. 1637 R. Monro £xfed/t. u. 
16 What hurt the enemy was able to have done us, 
before our down-lying. x Mrs. Gasket J/. Barton 
ix, She expected her down-lying every day. 1855 Rosinson 
Whitby Gloss., Down-ligging time. ; A 

Downlong, frep. and adj. [app. coined by W. 
Morris; cf. headlong.) A. prep. Down along. 
B. adj. Rushing down headlong. 

ae Morris Sigurd 1. 91 The rush and rattle of waters, 
as the downlong flood swept by. 1895 — Beowulf21 But 
me the sea upbore The flood downlong the tide. 

+Dow'nlooked (-lukt), a. Ods. [f. dowz-look: 
see Down a. 1b.) Having downward or downcast 
looks; guilty-looking; demure, sheepish. 

1641 Brome Youiall Crew u. Wks. 1873 ILI. 384, I never 
lik'd such demure down-look'd Fellows. 1677 Lond. Gas. 
No. 1230/4 A middle size black man, having short black 
brown lank hair .. down-look'd. ax1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. 
Crew, Blank, baffled, down-look’t, sheepish, guilty. 1700 
Dryven Palamon §& Arc. i. 489 Jealousy .. Downlook'd, 
and with a cuckow on her fist. 1814 Scott Ld. of /sdes 1. 
xix, Men..of evil mien, Down-look’d, unwilling to be seen. 

Dow nlooking (-lukiy), a. That looks down. 
_ 3823 Scott Quentin D. ii, A..middle sized man with a 
own leekiog visage. 1842 Mrs. Browninc Grk. Chr. 
Poets 12 Wilhelm Meister's uplooking and downlooking 
aspects, the reverence to things above and things below. 
1881 Miss Yonce Lads §& Lasses Langley ii. 120 The rude, 
clumsy, stupid, down-looking fellow he had been. 
Downlying: see Down-.te. 

Downmost (daunmo'st), adv. and adj, Also 
dial. downermost: cf. the obs. comparative 
downermore : see Down adv. VII. 

1790 BLaGDEN in Phil. Trans. LX XX. 342 So poised as 
that a certain part should be always downmost. 1842 
Coteripce Lett., Convers., etc. I. 92 Set the jewel in the 
marriage ring with the speck downmost. 1849 CarLisLe in 
Eng. Hist. Rev. (1886) 1. 333 The early or downmost part 
of the sheets had mouldered. 1879 Gro, Exvior Theo. Such 
307 A fowl tied head downmost. 

ow'npour (-pox), sd. A pouring down; 
esp. a heavy, continuous fall (of rain, etc.). 

w81r Agric. Survey Hebrides 741 (Jam.) A down-pour 
which had persevered in deluging the island for a week. 
1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 
141 The downpour is desultory and uncertain, causing 
frequent droughts and famine. 1872 Proctor £ss, Astron. 
xi. 151 A systematic and continuous downpour of missiles. 

Downright (daunrait, dawnrait), adv., adj, 
and sé. [f. Down adv. + Ricut aay. and adv., in 
OE. riht, rthte: cf. ADOWNRIGHT.] 

A. adv. (Stressed downright when preceding 
the word it qualifies, downrt-ght when following. ) 
+1. Straight down ; vertically downwards. Ods. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 25613 Pe drake... flah dun rihte, mid feondliche 
resen. ¢1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 621 The elde tre.. Hewe 
him to the grounde dounright. 1426 AupELAy Poems 23 He 
fel downe ry3t into hel sodenly. 3538 
(1896) 40 Some shote sydelong and some down ryght. 1674 
Ray Notes Husb. 129 ti hat part of the root, which descends 
down-right. 1728 Pore Dunc. u. 288 He..Shot to the black 
abyss, and plung’d downright. 1763 Brit. Mag. 1V. 554 
Several..were seen to sink downright, by some people who 
were on the cliffs, 


H. Mepwatt Nature | 


2. eae. absojutely, quite, positively, out 
t. 


and out, outrig’ 

a3300 E. £. Psalter cv. 18 Pe lowe it swath sinful doun- 
right. 1377 Lanct. ?. P/. B. xvi. 191 God gaf pe dome 
+. Pat Adam & Eue .. Shulde deye doune rizte. 1480 Cax- 
ton Chron. Eng. ccxlvii. (1482) 314 Scottes that day were 
slayne doune right the substaunce of them alle. 
— Ladd it i. : # il 
right. + More Myst. Jnig., Apol. 562 Unless you 
were down-right mad. 1724 R. 3 LCONER Voy. (1769) 141 
Killed four downright, and wounded several. 1832 Hr. 
Martineau Homes Abroad v. 66, 1 was downright scared, 


+3. In a direct or straightforward manner; | 


plainly, definitely. Ods. 

1600 Suaxs. 4. ¥. Z. ut. iv. 31 You haue heard him 
sweare downright he was. 1680 Grvar Caius Marius w.i, 
An honest, simple, downright-dealing Lord. 1684 'T. Burnet 
Th. Earth ut. 131 St. Peter .. uses a plain literal style, and 
discourses down-right concerning the natural world. 

+4. Straightway, straight. Ods. 

orf H. More Song of Soul u. ii. 1. iii, The soul that 
1..Must now pursue and fall upon down-right. 1712 Ar- 
sutTunot JYokn Bull u. iii, This paper put Mrs. Bull in such 
a passion that she fell down right into a fit. 

B. adj, (Usually stressed downright ; 
sometimes downright at the end of a clause.) 

1. Directed straight downwards ; vertical ; directly 
descending. 


1588 


89 They'l mocke vs now downe- | 


but | 


| 
i 


| 


628 


1530 Pauscr. 215/1 Downeright stroke, ¢af//e. 1578 Lyte 
jens V. xiv. 566 This Hawkweede hath no deepe 
downeright roote. 1593 Suaks. 2 //en. VJ, u1. iii. 92 Haue 
at thee with a downe-right blow. 
Met. 11. (1626) 225 To iump from downe-right cliffes. 1684 
Bunyan Pilgr. u.71 He ae him again a down-right blow, 
and brought him upon his knees. 1759 Phil. Trans. LI. 
299 Its motion was..quite downright, 1.e. perpendicular to 
the horizon. 1857 Wuitrier What of the oy LB ‘Thunders 

..Far-rolling ere the downright lightnings glare. 

2. fig. a. Direct, straightforward, not circuitous ; 
plain, definite. Of persons: Plain and direct in 
speech or behaviour (sometimes implying blunt- 
ness of manner). Ods. or arch. 

1603 Suaks. Meas. for M, ui. ii. 12 After this downe-right 
way of Creation. @1616 Baum. & Fi. Knight Malta v. ii 
Your downright captain still I'll live,and serve you. ax 
Bacon (J.), ia admonition from a dead author, or a caveat 
from an impartial pen, will prevail more than a downright 
advice, 1717 Savace Love in Veil 1. i, What we call in 
downright English a pimp. 1733 Pore Hor. Sat. u. i. 52 
As plain As downright Shippen, or as old Montaigne. 
Froupe //ist. Eng, (1858) 11. vii. 145 He had a certain 
downright honesty about him. 4 

b. That is thoroughly or entirely (what is de- 
noted by the sb.); nothing less than .. , mere, 
absolute, positive, thorough, ‘flat’, ‘ out-and-out’. 

1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Autopyron, Browne bread .. 
downe right bread. a@x1628 Preston Serm. bef. his 
Mayestie (1630) 19 To be a downe-right Papist. 1699 
BentLey Phad. 267 This is no better than down-right Non- 
sense. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No, 266 P 3 [She] is not to have 
down-right Money, but..a Present of Plate. 1875 JowETT 
Plato (ed. 2) 1. 344 He is a downright atheist. 

C. sb. (dow'nright). [The adj. used ellipt.] 
+1. A vertical line ; a perpendicular. Ods. 

1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk §& Selv. 153 Brought by a sharp 
se e toa downright or perpendicular .. with the thiller. 

. (pl.) Name of a quality of wool. 

1793 Vansittart Ref. Concl. Peace 73 Downrights £12 00 
per pack, Seconds £11 0 0. 183a-s2 MeCuttocn Dict. 
Comm. 1428 The best English short native fleeces .. are .. 
divided by the wool sorter into..1. Prime; 2. Choice; 3. 
Super; 4. Head; 5. Downrights; 6. Seconds. 

Downri‘ghtly, adv. rare. [f. Downnieur a. 
+-LY*.] In a downright manner; directly ; 
thoroughly: =Downricut adv. 

1642 Dicsy Observ. Sir T. Browne's Relig. Med. (1659) 
ar Averring down-rightly, That God cannot doe contradic- 
tory things. 1679 Kip in G. Hickes Spirit ly ook 7 
Prelacy..1s destructive down-rightly to the Sworn Coven- 
ants, 13882 Society 7 Oct. 16/1 Persistently overbearing, if 
not. .downrightly insolent. 


ices ty, meget re (daunrai‘tnés). [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being downright ; direct- 
ness, straightforwardness of speech or behaviour. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Blunt Man (Arb.) 56 Hee is 
realy honest .. and his downerightnesse credits him. 

-12 Mar. Epcewortu Manauvring vii. Wks. 1832 I. 
18 They have..so much self-will, and mercantile down- 
rightness in their manners, 184§ THACKERay Crit, Rev. 
Wks. 1886 XXIII. 237 [To] expose their error with all the 
downrightness that is necessary. 

+ Do ights, adv. Ols. rare. [f. as prec. 
with genitival -es, -s.] = DOWNRIGHT adv. 1. 

c1350 Will, Palerne 1165 Pe almauns seweden rag Oe 
slowe doun riztes. 1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 419 They 
would .. go downrights into the bottome. /ééd. 512 The 
enemy. .hath made after you to sinke you down-rights. 

Dow-nrush (-rvf). Kush down, rapid descent. 

1855 Brimtey £ss., Zennyson 73 Like the downrush of 
a mighty cataract. 1893 Sir R. Batt Story of Sun 140 
‘There must be a down-rush of..cooled gas from above. 

Downset (dau‘nset). Also (sense 2) -seat, -sit. 

+1. Going down or setting (as of the sun). Ods. 

1610 Hottaxnn Camden's Brit. 1. 128 His honour and 
fortunes were for ever at their downe-set. 

2. Sc. An establishment, settlement. 

1818 Miss Ferrer Marriage I. 120 By my faith, but you 
have a bein downset. 1822 Gat £néail Il. 274 (Jam.) 
A warm down-seat's o’ far mair consequence..than the sill 
low o’ love. 1871 W. Atexanper Yohuny Gibb xxxviil. 
(1873) 213 He'll get a braw doonsit at Gushetneuk. 

3. A setting or putting down, a rebuke. 

1824 Miss Ferrier /nher. viii, Nowise disconcerted at 
the downset she had received. 

Dow'nset, a. Her. Of a fess: Broken so that 
the one half is set lower than the other by its 
whole width. 

1847 Gloss. Brit. Her. 141 The best way would be to say 
downset on the dexter or sinister side. 

Dow'nshare, corrupt f. DensHIRe. 

1796 J. Boys Agric, Kent 37 Wheat, Barley, Oats, Oats, 
Rye Grass. .is the course after downsharing that has hitherto 
generally prevailed. /d/d. Downshare land. r 

Downside (dawnssid). The under side; in 
phr. downside up (after upside down). Also advo. : 
? =downwards, or? short for downside up. 

1683 Drypen & Lee Dk. of Guise v. i, A. Since last we 
parted at the barricadoes, The world’s turned upside down. 
C. No,’ faith, ‘tis better now, ‘tis downside up. 1833 L. 
Rircuie Wand, by Loire 56 The factionnaire the 
document, and looked at it upside and downside for some 
time. H. Pearson RX. Browning 13 Whether the 
thing shall be hung upside, downside, or endwise. 

Downstairs (see below), adv. phr. (adj., sb.) 
Less freq. downstair (esp. as adj.). 

a. adv. phy. (daunstée-1z), Down the stairs ; 
on or to a lower floor or (/ig.) ‘ the lower regions’, 

1596 Suaks. 1 Hen. /V, u. iv. 112 His industry is vp- 


1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's _ 


ofa 


staires and down-stai his eloq pe ne 
reckoning. 1597 — 2 Hen. /V, u. iv, 202 Thrust him 
downe stayres. a 1631 Drayton és. 11. 47° (Jod.) When 
upstair one, downstair another, hies. 1791 Mrs. Rapcurre 
Rom. Forest x, As she went downstairs. @ Barwa 
Ingol. Leg., Bros. Birchington —_ Such irs .. are 
bruited about. .‘down-stairs ’ Where Old Nick [etc.]. 1883 
Reave Many a Slip in Harper's Mag. Dec. 133/2 Down- 
stairs the lady did not charm. 
b. attrib. or adj. (daunstée1(z). 

1819 Jet: is 1. 146 At the feet of down stairs Cinderella. 
1824 Miss Mrtrorp Village Ser. 1. (2863) 222, I have 
sometimes. .feared that her down-stair life was less happy. 
Mod. The downstairs rooms. 

¢e. sb. (daunsté1z). The downstairs part of a 
building ; the lower regions. 

1843 Mrs. Cartyte Le?t. 1. 254 The old green curtains of 
downstairs were become filthy. 1877 H. Smart Play or 


| Pay (1878) 125 The accredited down stairs is so utterl 


overstocked with that pa fyood 3} 

Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 2/3 The magistrate could not dis- 
crimii whether up or down-stairs began [the fight). 
+ raf llc sf a. Obs. rare—. [f. Down 
adv.+STEEPY a.) Steeply descending, precipitous. 

1603 Florio Montaigne (1613) 97 (T.) He came to a craggy 
and downsteepy rock. 

Downthrow (dawnprd"). 

1. A throwing or being thrown down. rare. 

1615 Catascopes in Farr S. P. Yas. J (1848) 352 Wars, the 
canker of estate, Hel’s image and al commonweale’s down- 
throw. 1891 7%mes 21 Oct. 5/3 Unable to take his down- 
throw philosophically. 

Geol. The depression of strata below the 
general level on one side of a fault. (Originally a 
miners’ term.) Also attrtb. 

1858 A. C. Ramsay Geol. Struct. Merioneth, etc. 5; Down 
the Bala valley... there runs a great fault. It is a down- 
throw to the north-west. 1882 Geikie Geol. Sk. 282 A true 
fault with an upthrow and downthrow side. 1889 CroLt 
Stellar Evol. 54 About a mile E.S.E. of Beddgelert, there 
is a fault with a downthrow of 5000 feet. 

ppl. a. =next. 

1596 Suaks. 1 Hen. /V, 1. iii. 135, (Qo. 1) I will lift the down- 
trod (o/s. downfall, -faln] Mortimer. 1606 Sy.vester Du 
Bartas nu. iv.1. Trophies 887 [He] Wholly extirps the down- 
trod Iebusite. 

Downtrodden (dauntry'd’n), fa. pple. and 
(dawntrg:d’n), ppl. a. 

1. Trampled down ; beaten down by treading. 

1568 U. Futwer Like Will to Like in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 

1 Repent, repent, your sins shall be downtrodden, 1846 
if’ Rocrers Ess. (1860) I. 175 The downtrodden grass. 
1875 Loncr. Pandora viii. 4 Bre flowers, downtrodden by 
the wind. : 

2. fig. Crushed down by 4 gevoes or tyranny. 

1595 SHAKS. John 11. i. 241 This downe-troden equity, 
1641 Mitton Reform. u. ad fin., The most dejected .. and 
downtrodden vassals of perdition. -~6 Trencn Huis. 
Lect. Ser. 1. iii. 43 All the .. crushed down-trodden of 
the earth. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 342 The down- 
trodden serfs of Franconia. 

Ilence Dow'n-tro:ddenness. 

1881 F. G. Lee Reg. Baront, i. 5 Their expatriation, 
poverty, and down-troddenness. 

Downward (daunw6id), adv. (prep.) and 
adj. For forms see Down adv. [Primarily an 
aphetic form of ADowNWanrD, in OE, adtinweard ; 
but subseq. referred directly to Down: see -wARD.] 

A. adv. 

1. Towards a lower place or position; towards 
what is below: with a descending motion or ten- 
dency. @ in reference to movement through space. 

cx200 Trin. Coll. Hom, 105 Ech god give .. cumed of 
heuene dunward. ¢ 1230 //adi Meid. 19 Ha..walden fallen 
duneward. _1a97 R. Giouc. (1724) ig As hii pat donward 

a“ P. 
by 


come. 1398 Teves Barth, D. R. xu. xxiv. (1495) 
456 A drope .. fallyth dounwarde his owne heuynesse. 
1538 CoverDALe 2 Kings xx. 10 It is an easy thinge for the 
lowe to go ten degrees downewarde. Frencu 
Distill. i. (1651) 40 This Oil taken inwardly worketh up- 
ward and downward. 1887 Bowen Virg. dineid 1. 607 
While streams downward run to the sea, 
b. in reference to direction, attitude, or aspect. 

¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xix. 87 Lukand douneward to be 
erthe. ¢ Douce MS. 55 ch. x, Tourne the brede doun- 
warde in the panne. zghe TJ. Hevwoon Prov. & Epigr. 
(1867) 113, I looke downeward to my feete. 1793 SouTnry 
Trium, “y Woman 302 Why downward is musi 
head? 1855 Browninc Old Pictures in Fi e x, "Tis 
looking downward makes one dizzy. : 

¢. in reference to position or situation. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 9887 (Cott.) pis castel veel es 
it polist slight. cx39x Cuaucer Aséro/. 1. § 36 Thanne 
set I the point .. downward in the same si ¢ 153x rst 
Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) jared. 33/8 Fro ye myddell don- 
warde ben they lyke the halfe neder parte ofan horse. 164 
J. Jackson True Evang. To. ang Ie, Peter] was crucified. . 
with his head downward. 1667 Mitton ?. Z.1. 463 
his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man And downward . 
1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 24 Metallic 
cones, ranged apices downward. | 7 

2. fig. a. Towards that which is lower in order, 


or inferior in any way. 

@1300 Cursor MI. 1943 (Cott.) Fra me dun-ward Eh 
man his thoght. ¢1440 Facob's Well (E.E. faite f 
! of kynrede dounward, Pi sone to pe is in pe firste 
degre. 1596 Datryrte tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. wv, 260 The 
he ao in thair — —y! tg = bee, ~ 

ec! ar . Boston Crook 1 

dos hi vale’ i till they come 


@ 
carries downward. . 
to that t. Emerson , Men Wks. (Bohn) 1, 
351 Things 5 seas toad down’ to justify despondency, 


\ 


DOWNWARDLY. 


b. Onward from an earlier to a Jater time. 

161r Biste Transl. Pref. 3 From Christes time downe- 
ward. 1679-1734 Burner Hist. Ref. an. 1535 (R.) From 
the twelfth century downward. Pas Grote Greece u. Ixvi, 
All the old laws of Athens, from Solon downward. 

3. Comb. 

182x Suevtey Prometh. Und. 1. v, Downward-gazing 
flowers. 1871 Browninc Balaust. 1370 The downward- 
dwelling people. 1878 B. Taytor Dewhalion m1. i. 97. 

+B. prep. =Down prep. 1. Obs. rare. 

c1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode 1. v. (1869) 3 A corde..he 
hadde set dounward pe wal. 

C. adj. . 

1. Directed towards that which is lower; descend- 
ing; inclined downward. a. Jit. 

1552 Hutort, Downewarde, Jrxceps. 1592 Suaks. Vex. 
§ Ad. 1106 This foul..boar, Whose downward eye still 
looketh for a grave. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg.1v.517 The 
downward track. 1728-46 Tuomson Sfring 188 In the 
western sky the downward sun Looks out. 1878 Huxtey 
Physiogr. 146 The downward current of the river. 


. fig. 

a@ 1586 Sipney(J.) At the lowest of my downward thoughts. 
1700 DrypDEN Sigism. § Guisc. 344 Thy low fall .. Shows 
downward appetite to mix with mud. 1727-46 THomson 
Summer 1516 A Hampden .. who stemmed the torrent of 
a downward age To slavery prone. 1869 Freeman Norm. 
Cong. (1876) U1. xiii. 303 Steps in a downward scale. 

2. Lying or situated below ; lower. rare. 

@1300 Cursor M. 9926 (Gott.) Pat rechis to pe donwar 
[v. 7. nepemest] light. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 341 
Aurora... lights the downward Heav’n. 1824 CampBeLL 
Theodric 138 The waste and wild Schreckhorn .. frowning 
..Upon a downward world of pastoral charms. 

Hence Dow'nwardly adv.=DowNWARD adv.; 
Dow'nwardness. 

1839 Battey Festus iii. (1852) 26 That downwardness of 
soul, 1850 BrowninG Easter Day xy. 33 Certain rays.. 
Shot downwardly. 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 60 ‘The 
downwardly tapering condition of the coccygeal vertebra. 


Downwards (dawnw9:1dz), adv. [f. Down- 
WARD with adverbial genitive -es, -s: see -wARDS.] 

1. a. =Downwarb adv. 1 a, b. 

162z Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman ad Alf. 1, 120 The 
Light is turned down-wards. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vaz. 
211 Her bill is crooked downwards. 1641 WiLkins Math. 
Magick 1. ix. (1648) 57 The squeezing or pressing of things 
downewards. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 3 The Tide running 
downwards, tg Lussock Sci. Lect. ii. 36 The hairs which 
cover the stalks. .usually point downwards. 

b. =DownwarD adv, I c. 

e¢x400 Maunpev. (1839) xv. 166 Perfore make pei the 
halfendel of ydole of a man vpwardes, and the tober half of 
an ox dounwardes. 1620 Metton Astrolog. 28 The 
Antipodites have their feete downewards and their heads 
upwards as well as wee. 17: tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) II. 
419 A small antique Venus, with a drapery from the waist 
downwards. 1826 DisrarLi Viv. Grey vi. i, He tossed.. 
the great horn upside downwards. 

2. fig. =DOWNWARD adv. 2. 

a1654 SeLvEN Table-T. (Arb.) 69 Some of them are 
asham’d upwards, because their Ancestors were too great. 
Others are asham’d downwards, because they were too 
little. 1857 Chambers’ Information 1. 691 Angling, Worm- 
gut varies in length from nearly two feet and downwards. 
1885 L. O. Pike Veardks. 12 & 13 Edw. II Introd. 42 
From the time of Glanville downwards. 

Downweigh (daunwé'), v. ‘vans. To weigh 
down ; to exceed in weight or influence, to out- 
weigh ; to depress, as with a weight. 

1600 W. Vaucuan Direct. Health (1633) 153 A forced 
sanguine complexion .. might down-waigh the_naturall 
melancholike power. 1723 Tvickology16 The Nod of a 
pretending Fop easily down-weighs the Applause of Judges 
competent. a185x Moir Poems, Message of Seth vi, The 
gloom. .downweighs My spirit. Z 

+Down weight, down-weight. 0s. 
That which weighs down the scale of a balance; 
full or good weight. aftr7b. Heavy enough to 
weigh down the scale; of full weight. Also fig. 

cx524 Churchw. Acc. St. Mary hill, London (Nichols 
1797) 128, 46 oz. of silver plate, 20 downewaight, to be made 
into two chalices. 1g9r Fiorito 2nd Fruites 67 A. These 
your crownes are yerie light. S. Naie, rather they are 
downe waight. 1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. 1. § 8 
They will not be pleas’d without a down weight, but God is 
contented if the scale be turn’d. 1698 S. Clarke Script. 

Fust. xii. 61 That I may give down-weight, I shall add 
these Reasons more. 

+ Downwith, a. and sb. Obs. or Sc. A. adj. 
Downward. B. sb. A downward course. 

c1470 Henry Wallace 1x. 911 A downwith waill the 
Sothroun to thaim had. 1617 Marknam Caval. vi. 9 If the 
fierce Horse haue.. either vpwithes, inwithes or downe- 
withes, which is that he may either runne within the side of 
hilles, vp hils, or downe hils. 1808-25 Jamieson s.v., 70 the 
downwith, downwards. Downzwit descending, as, a 
downwith road, opposed to an acclivity. 

Downy (dawni), 2.1 [f. Down 50.1 + -¥1] 
Of the nature of a down; characterized by downs. 

1671 St. oine [improved 8 The Downy and dry s of 
England and Wales. 1772-84 Coox Voy. (1790) III. 817 
The land..was of the downy kind, without a single tree. 
1867 MortLry Corr. 20 Aug., A..rolling, downy country. 

Downy (dawni), a2 [f. Down 5b.2+-¥1.] 

1. Of the nature of or like down; feathery, fluffy. 

1578 Lyre Dodoens v. xiv. 566 The flowers of milke 
Thistel. .change into rounde cotton or downie bawles. 1590 
Srenser /, Q. 1. xii. 79 On his tender lips the downy heare 
Did .. freshly spring. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. IV, 1. Vv. 32 

ere | a dowlney feather, which stirres not. 1742 

Younc Mt. Th. 1. 4 Sleep. .Swift on his dawny Pinion flies. 


629 


1840 R.H. Dana Bef. Mast xxvi. 85 Thick downy feathers, 
taken from the breasts of various birds. 

2. Made or consisting of down. 

a 1592 GREENE Alphonsus v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 243 Mars lies 
slumbering on his downy bed. 1712-4 Pore Rape Lock 1. 
19 Belinda still her downy pillow prest. 1820 ee 
Mag. V1.79 The morning was truly brbidding for the swells 
to leave their downy dabs. 

3. Covered or clothed with down. 

1sgt Suaks.1 Hen. VI, v. iii. 56 So doth the Swan her 
downie Signets saue. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. . 72 For 
downy Peaches and the glossie Plum. 1725 BrapLry Ham. 
Dict. s.v. Peonie, The Leaves are indented, downy on the 
Backside. 1837 Lytton £, Maltrav, 20 Happiness and 
health bloomed on her downy cheeks. 

b. Hence in specific names of plants, as Dowzy 
Ling, Downy Oat, Downy Willow, etc. 

1548 ‘Turner Names of Herbes (1881) 81 It [Clematis 
Vitalba] may be called in Englishe Heguine, or Downiuine. 
1861 Miss ai Flower. Pl. 1V. 193 Downy Woundwort. 

4. transf. and fig. Down-like, soft as down. 

1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. ui. ii. Wks. 1856 I. 108 Ie 
»-couch my heade in downie moulde. 1605 Suaxks. Macl. 
u. iil. 81 Shake off this Downey sleepe, Deaths counterfeit. 
1742 YounG Nt. 74%. v. 397 ‘Time steals on with downy 
Feet. 1839 BaiLey Festus (1854) 391 A warmer beauty and 
a downier depth. 

5. slang. [with sense from Down adv. 22.] 
Wide-awake, ‘knowing’. 

1821 Ecan Tom & Ferry (1890) 95 (Farmer) Mr. Mace 
had long been christened by the downies, the ‘dashing 
covey’. 1825 C. M. Wesrmacotr Lug. Spy I. 379 ‘The 
president must be considered a downy one. 1837 THACKERAY 
Vellowplush i. (1887) 14 I'm generally considered tolerably 
downy. 1873 Miss Brapvon Strangers & Pilgr. ul. v, 
Hilda, you're the downiest bird—I beg your pardon, the 
cleverest woman I ever met with. 

6. Comb., as downy-cheeked, -clad, -feathered, 
Sruited, -sprouting, -winged adjs. 

1598 SytvestEr Du Bartas u. ii. 11. Colonies 42 The 
feeble downie-feathered Young. 1606 did. 11. iv... J/agui- 

Jicence 698 Some douny-clad, some (fledger) take a twig ‘To 
pearch-upon, some hop from sprig to sprig. 1791 Cowrrr 
Iliad 1x. 553 Yo make me dowiecheskd as in my youth. 
1815 SHELLEY Demon of World 23 Downy-winged slumbers. 

Dowp, Dowress: see Dour, DoWERESS. 

+ Dowrier. ‘Sc. Obs. Also dowariar. [a. F. 
douatriere a woman enjoying a dowry, a dowager, 
f. douwaire DowrER, dowry.] = Dowacer. 

1533 WriotHESLEY Chron. (1875) I. 18 To be called Ladie 
Katherin, wife of Prince Arthur, dowarie[r] of Englande. 
1555 Sc. Acts Mary (1597) § 28 In presence of the Queenis 
Grace, Marie, Queene Dowrier [ed. 1566 Dowariar], and 
Regent of Scotland. 1566 H/st. Est. Scot. in Wodr. Soc. 
Misc. (1844) 82 The Queene Dowrier sent forth a truinpett 
out of the Castle. 1596 Datrympce tr. Leséie's //ist. 
Scot. x. 414 Mary Quene of Scotland and Douariar of 
France. 

Dowry (daueri). Forms: 4-5 dowary(e, 
doweri(e, -rye, 7 dowarie, 6 (9) dowery ; 4-7 
dowrie, -rey, -rye, 5—- dowry. [a. AF. dowarie 
fem. = OF. douazre masc., dower, dowry: cf. med.L. 
doaria fem. (1273 in Du Cange), beside dodrium, 
dodirium, dotarium, neut.: see DOWER.] 

+1. =Dower 1. Obs. 

[1292 Britron 1. xix. § 3 Le garraunt de sa dowarie avaunt 
le assignement .. de sa certeyne dowarrie, /b/d. v. iii. § 5 
Dowarie deit estre assigné entierement et ne mie par 
hacer ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 6538 

frensche wymen wolde bey non take..To haue cleym 
porow heritage, Ne dowarye porow mariage. 1418 Z. £. 
Wills (1882) 32 Here Dowerye &..here parte belonging 
to here of al my godes. 1584 PoweL Lloyd's Cambria 
217 Who had for her Dowrie Lhannerchheidol. 1609 
Skene Reg. Maj. Table 76 The dowarie or great terce, 
perteining to ane woman. 1713 STEELE Luglishman No. 
28. 182 His wife is deprived of her Dowry. 1841 Lane 
Arab. Nts. 76 If he replies that he accepts her, and gives 
her a dowry. 

2. The money or property the wife brings her 
husband ; the portion given with the wife ; tocher, 
dot; cf. DowER 2. 

¢1400 Cato's Morals 58 in Cursor M. App. iv, Fle to take 
wife. .take hir for na doweri. 1513 DouGLas 4veis x1. vii. 
182 Gif ., this haldryall Suld be thy drowry, and rich gift 
dotall. 1530 PatsGr. 358 She that is good and fayre nede 
none other dowrie. 1644 Mitton Fdgie. Bucer (1851) 
333 That the Husband wrongfully divorcing his Wife, 
should give back her dowry. 1728 Morcan A/dgiers 
I. iii. 36 Augustus married her to his Royal captive, 
and for a Dowry bestowed on him the Mauritanian and 
Numidian crowns. 1874 L. SrepHen Hours in Libra 
(1892) I. vi. 221 [He] has impoverished himself to provide 
his daughters’ dowries. 

+3. A present or gift given by a man to or for his 
bride. (In quot. 1717 given by the woman.) Ods. 

¢1450 Henryson Compl, Creseide (R.) This roiall ring set 
with this rubie redd Which Troilus in dowrie to me sende. 
1611 Biste Gen. xxxiv. 12 Aske mee neuer so much dowrie 
and gift .. but giue me the damsell to wife. 1717 CroxaLt 
Ovid's Met. vu. i, To his dear tent I'd fly .. confess my 
flame And grant him any dowry that he’d name. 

4. fig. A ‘gift’ or talent with which any one is 
endowed by nature or fortune ; an endowment. 

c1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) u. iv, The 
body of man.,shall receyue fully the fiche dowary of 
vndedlynes. Suaks. Merch, V. ui. ii, 95 So are 
those crisped snakie golden locks..often knowne "Bo be the 
dowrie of a second head. 1625 Bacon Ess., Greatness 
Kingd. (Arb.) 491 Strength at Sea (which is one of the 
Principall Dowries of this Kingdome). 1841-4 EmERson 
Ess., Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I. 97 Beauty should be the 
dowry of every man and woman. 1857 H, Reep Lect. Brit. 


| 
| 
| 


DOXOLOGY. 


Poets ii. 73 A taste for poetry brings a rich dowry of 
intellectual and moral happiness. : ; 

5. Comb., as dowry-money ; dowry-seeking adj. 

, es y we Sac) 

1675 tr. Camden's Hist, Eliz. 1. (1688) 67 Her Dowry-money 
not payed out of France. 1886 W, J. Tucker Z, Europe 
267 ‘The love-sick or dowry-seeking soldier. ; 

+ Dow'ry, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] drans. To give 
a dowry to. 

1588 Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 45a, For to dowrie 
their wiues with whom they shalbe married. ; 

+ Dow'sabel. Os. An English form (through 
French) of the female name Datlcabel/a. Perhaps first 
used in some pastoral song, whence applied generi- 
cally to a sweetheart, ‘ lady-love’: cf. Doun 56.1 1. 

(1585-6 in Winterton Parish Register as Dussable.) 
1590 Suaks. Com. Err. iv. i. 110. Where Dowsabell did 
claime me for her husband. 1593 Drayton £clog. 1v, He 
had as antique stories tell A daughter cleaped Dowsabel. 
1652 Brome Zing. A/oor i. iii. Wks. 1873 II. 48 [Women] 
Of all conditions, from the Doxie to the Dowsabel. 1675 
Corton Scoffer Scoft 75 Give me her for my Dowsabel. _ 

Dowse duuz),v. Also dowze, douse. [Deri- 
vation unknown; app. a dialect term.] zr. 
To use the divining- or dowsing-rod in search of 
subterraneous supplies of water or mineral veins. 

Ilence Dow'sing 7//. sb.; Dowser (dau‘za1), 
one who uses the divining-rod, a water-diviner ; 
Dowsing-rod, the rod or twig used by dowsers. 

1691 Locke Lower. /uterest 40 Not of the nature of the 
deusing-rod, or virgula divina, able to discover mines of 
gold and silver, 1838 Mrs. Bray 7radit. Devonsh. II. 
260 ‘The superstition relative to the dowsing or divining rod, 
and the dowsers themselves, is too well known to be noticed 
here. 1865 R. Hunt Pop. Rom. W. Eng. Ser. 1. Introd. 20 
The divining or dowzing rod is certainly not older than the 
German miners, who were brought over by Queen Elizabeth 
to teach the Cornish to work their mines. 1 Eng. 
Mech, 31 Dec. 380/1 The ‘dowsing’ or ‘divining’ rod is 
a forked stick of some fruit-bearing wood, generally hazel, 
held by the extremity of each prong of the fork in a peculiar 
Way. 1888 Standard 22 Dec., These authorities [Hastings 
Board of Guardians] lately invoked the aid of a ‘Dowser’, 
or water diviner, to tell them where to sink a well. 1894 
Daily News 28 Dec. 5/2 The dry summer of 1893 brought 
the Divining Rod forward..‘dowsers’ sought for watei 
with the mystic ‘twig’, and, very often, found it. /di¢,, 
Instances are adduced of ladies who have tried. .and found 
that they could ‘dowse’. 

Dows:- : see Douc-, Dous-. 

Dowsing-cheek, -chock. Also dousing-. 

1849-50 WeraLeE Dict. Terms, Dowsing cheeks. ¢1850 
Rudin, Navig. (Weale) 116 Dowsing chocks, pieces fayed 
athwart the apron and lapped on the knight-heads or inside 
stuff above the upper deck. ae 

Dow'sy, @. Sc. [?related to Dozy.] Stupid. 

1508 Dunpar Flyting w. Kennedie 158 God gif this 
dowsy be drownd. “1529 More Suppl. of Soulys Wks. 332/t 
Beeing so dowsie drunke, that he coulde neither stande nor 
reele. 1843 Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) (1890) II. 99 
Watchin’ ilka step o’ your wee dousy brither. 

Dowt(e, etc., obs. form of Doust, etc. 

Dowter, Dowtie, -y, Dowve, 
DavuGuter, Doveuty a., Dove. 

Dowy, var. Dow1z; obs. form of Doucuy. 

-dox: see Doxy’, 

Doxastic (dpksz'stik), a. [ad. Gr. dofaarK-os 
forming opinion, conjectural, f. Sofacrjs con- 
jecturer, f. do€a¢-ev to conjecture.] Of or per- 
taining to opinion; depending on or exercising 
opinion. Also as sb. An object of opinion. 

1794 T. Taytor Plotinus Introd, 22 Different objects of 
knowledge were known by different gnostic powers. .sensibles 
by sense, doxastics by opinion. 1801 — Aristotle's Metaph. 
Introd. 54 Subordinate to this is the doxastic energy. 1822 
— Apuleius 1. 332 Things which may be seen by the 
eyes, and touched by the hand, and which Plato calls 
doxastic. E pas 

Doxological (dgksolpdzikal), a [f. Doxo- 
LOGY +-IC+-AL.] Pertaining to or of the nature 
of a doxology ; praising, glorifying. 

1655 Howe.t Left. 1V. 123 A Doxological Cronogram 
including this present yeer Mpciv. 1695 G. Hooper Disc. 
Lent 353 (T. Suppl.) The three first collects are noted 
to be wholly doxological. 1883 H. M. Kennepy tr. Zev 
Brink's E.E. Lit. 42 The poet..presents a doxological 
opening, glorifying God. 

Hence Doxolo‘gically adv. 5 

1891 J: E. H. Tuomson Bhs. wh. infl. our Lord w. vi. 295 
The whole Psalter closes doxologically. : 

Doxologize (dpksp'lédzaiz), v. [f. Doxotocy 
+-IZE.] a. éntr. To say the doxology. b. ¢rans. 
To address a doxology to. 

1727 Baitey vol. Il, Do-rologize..to say the Hymn called 
Gloria Patri, a1816 Chr. rage 28 IIL. 295 (Pickering) No 
instance is to be found in which primitive Christians 
doxologized the Spirit of God as a Person. c 

+ Do-xologue. Oés. rare. [ad. Gr. dofoAdy-os : 
see next.] =next. , 

a1617 Bayne Ox Eph, i. (1643) 42 The manifold doxologues 
in Paul's Epistles, eee 

Doxology (dgksg'lodzi). [ad. med.L. doxo- 
logia, a. Gr. BSogodroyia, abst. sb. f. dogoddy-os 
uttering praise, giving glory, défa glory + -Aoyos 
speaking. So F. doxologie.] 

+a. The utterance of praise to God; thanks- 
giving. Ods. b. A short formula of praise to 
God, esp. one in liturgical use; sfec. the Gloria 
in excelsis or § Greater doxology’, the Gloria Patri 


obs. ff. 


DOXY. 
or ‘ Lesser doxology’, or some metrical formula, 


such as the verse beginning ‘Praise God from 
whom all blessings flow.’ 

1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. E-xenep. u. xi. 147 It is an_expresse 
Doxology or adoration. ‘oho T. Watson in Sevegaon 
Treas. Dav. Ps. \xxxvi. 12 Doxology, or praise, is a God- 
exalting work. 1664 H. More J/yst. Mes 5 That Dox- 
ologie of our Blessed Saviour, I thank, ather [etc.]. 
1720 WateRLAND Eight Serm. Ded., The Attempt to intro- 
duce.. New Forms ee 1894 Zines (weekly ed.) 
16 Feb. 129/4 The well-known Doxology beginning, ‘ Praise 
God from whom all blessings flow.’ 

Doxy! (dgksi). Also 6 doccy, 6-7 doxe, 
7 doxie, doxye, 7- doxey. [Derivation un- 
known : perh. like some other terms of regues’ cant, 
of continental origin; possibly a deriv. of Dock 
sb2 3.] Originally the term in Vagabonds’ Cant 
for the unmarried mistress of a beggar or rogue: a 
beggar’s trull or wench; hence, s/ang, a mistress, 
paramour, prostitute ; da/., a wench, sweetheart. 

©1830 Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 188 Of the stews 
1 am made controller..There shall no man play doccy 
there..Without they have leave of me. 1561 AwnELay 
Frat. Vacab. 4 His woman with him..which he calleth his 
Altham if she be hys wyfe, & if she be his harlot, she is 
called hys Doxy. /éfd. 5 So she is called a Doxy, vntil 
she come to y* honor of an Altham [in Harman A xtem). 
1611 SHaks. Wint. T. 1v. ii. 2 With, heigh the Doxy ouer 
the dale. 1611 Dexker Roaring Girle Wks. 1873 ILI. 217 
My doxy stayes for me in a bousing ken. 1711 STEELE 
Sfect. No.6 ® 2 The Beggar..while he has a warm Fire 
and his Doxy, never reflects that he deserves to be whipped. 
1825 Brockett V. C. Words, Dory, a sweetheart; but not 
in the equivocal sense used by Shak. and other play 
writers. 1827 Hone Every-Day Bk. 11. 1656 Surrounded 
by plough-boys and their doxeys. 1857 W. Cotuns Dead 
Secret in. i. 71 Spending all my money among doxies and 
strolling players. 

Dorxy 2. collog. (usually Aumorous., [The 
latter part of the words orthodoxy, heterodoxy, etc., 
from Gr. 8dfa opinion.] Opinion ‘esp. in religious 
or theological matters). (Cf. -7sm.) So -dox. 

73° J. Ascitu Woolston 2. 1756 Amory ¥. Buncle (1825) 
III. 19 Orthodox and other dox. 17.. WARBURTON in 
Priestley's Mem. \. 372 ‘Orthodoxy, my Lord’, said Bishop 
Warburton..‘is my doxy,—heterodoxy is another man’s 
doxy.’ 1778 J. Q. Apams Diary 30 Nov., Orthodoxy is my 
doxy, and heterodoxy is your doxy. 1842 Mrs. BrowninG 
Grk. Chr. Poets, etc. 174 [Dryden] made him [Chaucer] 
a much finer speaker, and not, according to our doxy, so 
good a versifier, 1843 Zazt's Mag. X. 579 Heterodoxy 
.. does not mean cacodoxy at all .. Bur only another man's 
doxy: your doxy generally as opposed to mine. 1868 
/ilustr. Lond, News 11 Apr. 351 This is not the place for 
the discussion of ‘ doxies’. 

| Doyen (dwaygn). Also 5 doien. [F. doyen :— 
L,. decan-us DEAN. Insense I from OF.; in sense 2 
anew from mod.French.] 

+1. A leader or commander of ten. Ods. 

rqaz tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T.S,.) 214 
Euery ledere [had] ten doiens, and..ecuery doiens ten men. 

2. The senior member of a body. = Dean ! 10, 
The French fem. doyenne is rarely used in Eng. 

1670 Corton /sfernon i. v. 242 ‘This was he..that was 
afterwards Doyen to the Council of State. 1883 Pall Mall 
G. 12 Nov. 3/2 A member of the Royal Danish Academy of 
Arts, of which he died the doyen. 1886 /did. 23 Sept. 3 
The doyen of the Russian press. 

Doyk(e, obs. form of Duke. 

Doyl(e, Doyll(e, obs. ff. Dor sd.! and 2. 

Doyld(e. Doyley, -ly: see Do1Lep a., Doizy. 

Doyne, Doysen, obs. ff. Dov., Dong, Dozen v. 

Doze (doz), v. Also 7 doaze, 7-9 dose. 
late appearance in literary English; perh. earlier 
in dialects. ‘The trans. sense, in which it is first 
known, is identical with Da. dése to make dull, 
heavy, drowsy (dds, dullness, drowsiness, ddsig 
drowsy): cf. also rare ON. diisa to doze, diis, dos, 
lull, dead calm, Sw. dial. dusa to doze, slumber.] 


[of 


+1. trans. To stupefy; to muddle; to make | 


drowsy or dull; to bewilder, confuse, perplex. Ods. 

1647 R. Staryiton Yuvenal 122 ‘Tis work for great soules, 
not [for] one dos’d about the mending of his bed. 1650 
— Strada's Low C. Warres vi._7 As night and suspicion 
doses the mind. a@ 1656 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 17 Easily 
doz'd and amazed with every Sophism. 1 FLECKNOE 
Efigr. & Enigm, Char, (1665) 82 Whose Head is so doaz'd 
with knocking, and Breech hardened with whipping. _ x71 
De For Crusoe 1. vi, The tobacco had .. dozed my hen 
Jbid. u. i, The surgeon .. gave him something to dose and 
put him to sleep. 1796 Macnett Will § Yean u.ix, Drams 
and drumming (faes to thinking) Dozed reflection fast asleep. 
1818 Moore /udge Fam. Paris ii. 38 Your Lordship.. 
when All sovereigns else were dozed, at last Speeched down 
the Sovereign of Belfast. 

2. intr. To sleep drowsily; to fall into a light 
sleep unintentionally from drowsiness; to be half 
asleep; tonod. Also fig, So, to dose it (obs.). 

1693 W. Frexe Se/. Ess. xxvii. 161 The best of us dose, 
dote, aid Slumber at times. a1704 R. L’EstrancE (J.) 
There was no sleeping under his roof; if he happened to 
doze a little, he 7 cobler waked him. 1777 SHERIDAN 
Sch. Scand. ww. iii, Lhave been dozing over a stupid book. 
1880 Ourna Moths 11. 269 A place to doze and dream in. 

ig. 3! Tennyson Mand 1. xxii. 48 The pimpernel 
ozed on the lea. 
b. 70 doze off or over: to drop off into a doze. 

1860 Gro. Evior Mill on Fi. i, 1 Before I dozed off, I was 
going to tell you [etc.]. 2886 Stevenson Dr. Fekyll 19 The 


630 


figure. .haunted the la’ all night; and if at any time he 
toned over [etc.]. 1888 i J tn al Novard of D 
350, I was just dozed off myself when I was d 


“+ 


DOZING. 


+8. The towp-couneil of a burgh. Se Obs. 
+8. The town-council of a. a 
rts (Doualdecn Swi Se Jannesonh Ch also 


from the deck. 

. trans. (with away, out), To pass or spend 
(time) in dozing. 

1693 R. Goutp Corrupt. Times — doze away our 
Hours. 1742 Pore Dunc. 1. 617 Chiefless Armies doz'd 
out the Compe. Wuewe t in Todhunter’s Acc. 
W.’s Wks. (1876) II. 330, 1. .dose away a few summer 
almost in solitude. f 

Doze, s4. [f. prec. vb.] A fit of dozing; a short 
slumber. 

1734 Lett. fr. Fog’s Frul. (1732) I. A Doze over his 
Coffee. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge vii, He fell into a doze 
again, and slept until the fire was quite burnt out. 1863 
Mars. OxipHant Salem Ch. xiii. 224 Now and then he woke 
—— wake up from a doze. 

, obs. form of Dose. 

Dozed (dozd), ppl. a. [f. Doze v. + -ED1.] 
a. Stupefied; drowsy, sleepy. b. Of timber, etc.: 
Having lost its tenacity of fibre, as by dry rot; 
doted. Hence Do‘zedness, drowsiness, sleepiness. 

1659 Gaupen Tears Ch. 306 While they were dozed or 
asleep. 1 Woopneap St. Teresa 1. xxx. 216 My soul 
falls into a kind of dozedness. /did. u. ii. 96 It is no strange 
thing. .to continue dozed, and stupid for this space. 1702 C. 
Martner Magn. Chr. vu. v. (1852) 541 The dozed conscience 
of the thief. 1722 Nettieton in PAi/. Trans. XXXII. 38 
Vomiting, dosedness, startings, and sometimes Convulsions. 
1776 G. Sempce Building in Water 86 Bog Oak Timber 
is always found to be frushey, dozed and short grained. 
1825 Jamieson, Doz'd..in an unsound state; as, ‘doz’d 
timber’, ‘a doz’d raip’. 1849 M. Arnotp /'0ems, New 
Sirens, Slowly raising Your dozed eyelids. 

Dozel, obs. form of Dossit, plug. 

Dozen (dzz’n), sd. Forms: 4 dozein(e, 
dozyne, dosain, dosene, 4-5 dozeyn(e, do- 
seyn(e, 4-6 dosayn(e, dosein, 4-7 dosen, 5 
duzan, dusan(e, dosan, dussen, 6 dousaine, 
-ayne, dossen, -eyn, -in, -on, dosin, -yn, 
doosen, dosand, 6-7 dousen, 7 doozen, dozzen, 
dossein, 7-8 douzen, 6— dozen. 8. 5 disson, 
Sc. 6 desone, 8- dizzen. [a. OF. dozetne, dosatne, 
Fr. douzaine = Pr. dotzena, Sp. docena, a Com. 
Romanic deriv. of *dédece, dotze, doze, doce :—L. 
duodecim twelve + -éna, as in decéna, centéna, etc.] 

1. A group or set of twelve. Originally as a sb., 
followed by of, but often with ellipsis of of, and 
thus, in singular=twelve. (Abbreviated doz.) 

1300 Cursor M. 11407 (Cott.) Quen ani deid o bat dozein 
v. rr. dozeine, doseyn, dozyne]. 1340-70 are | Dind. 
670 A dosain of wondrus. 1362 Lanci. P. Pl. A. v. 164 
Dauwe pe disschere, and a doseyn sal [B. dozeine C. 
dosen]. 1420 £. E. Wills (1882) 46 Halfe a dosen sponys. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 118b, A thynge done, 
perauenture a dosyn yere before. 1§.. A Pore Helpe 335 
in Hazl. &. P. P. 111. 264 And feche in my cosens By the 
whole dosens. 1 BRADFORD in Strype £ecl. Mem. 111. 
App. xlv. 133 Halfe a dossen of grene salletts. 1670 G. H. 
Hist. Cardinads 1. 1. 172 Cardinals that are made by the 
dozens. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. a 203 A dozen of Knives. 
1834 Mrepwin Angler in Wales I. 58. i saw some dozens of 
these little animals. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Spir. Laws 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 65 There are not..more than a dozen 
persons. A/od. Six dozen pencils. 

b. Elliptical (with a noun of measure, etc., under- 
stood). Dozen of bread: a dozen loaves. Dozen 
of beer, ale, wine, etc.. ice. a dozen pots or bottles ; 
hence rump(-steak) and a dozen: see quot. 1893. 
To give one two dozen, i.e. lashes. 

1573-80 Barer Adv. D 1078 A dosen of bread, duo- 
decim panes. 1§74 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 
376 Payed for dozen of breade..iiij._ 1677 Lapy Cuawortu 
in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 37 A dozen of 
Margett ale. vg mae Guy M. xxxviii, ‘ bet a rump 
and dozen’, said Pleydell. 1835 C. Suaw Let. 6 Dec. in 
Mem, (1837) I. 453,,1 ordered them .. to receive two dozen 
each, being coger in the act. 1839 A. Somervitte ///s?. 
Brit. Legion iii. 42 He was tied up, and .. took his two 
dozen. 1893 MWestm. Gas. { Feb. 8/3 The stake being a 
‘rump-steak and a dozen’..It was explained that it was a 
dinner and as much as you liked to drink. 

e. With qualifying words. Baker's dozen (see 
Baker 6), devil's, long, printer's dozen: thirteen. 
Brown (obs.) or round dozen; a full dozen. 
Thirteen, etc. to the dozen: see quots. Zo talk 
nineteen to the dozen; to talk very fast, or to 
excess. 

@ 1829 SKELTON Bowge of Courte 733 Have at the hasarde ; 
or at the dosen browne. 1588 4: 2. Epist. (Arb.) 34 
Pay it you with advantage, at least thirteene to the dozen. 
1598 in Lambert's 2000 — of Guild Life (1892) 308 All 
the saide Company will deliver forthe theire breade.. 
xiij% to the dozen, 1820 Byron Blues 1. 36 A round 
dozen of authors and others. 1831 Blackw. Mag. XXX. 
343/2 Instead of one kick, he deserves and gets a devil's 

lozen, 1872 Ouiwa Fits's Election 210 She .. generally 
talked nineteen to the dozen. 

+2. A kind of ced or coarse woollen cloth: 
see quot. 1552. (Usually in f/.) Ods. 

1523 Act 14 § 15 Hen, VIII, c. 1 Northerne whites, 
commonly named and called dosins. 1§§2 Act 5 § 6 Edw. 


VI, c. 6. § 13 All Devonshire Kersies cal Dozens..shall 
contain in gth atthe Water between twelve and 
thirteen Yards. 1557 Act 4 f Phil. & Mary c §. § 10 
Every Devonshire i ed Dosson. 1640 in Entick 
peal 1766) II. 179 Woollen Dra — Devonshire 
dozens.. Northern ns, _17ax C. Kinc Brit. Merch, Ul. 
209 English Clothes called Dozens, 


| sworne, to the Kings 


Dovzatne.) 
1416 in Edin. Burgh Rec. Oct. (Jam. Supp.), ratory tity 
pro presenti anno, one dene of gild..one bursator, 
two of lie dusane. 1418 /did. .y The dusane is 

* duodeci les et limi *, 1492 bid. 19 Oct., 
Citas be Uae ale Seaver oor are 1574 in Peebles 
+h Corruptly used for Anglo-French dizeyne 
(Fr. déixaine) a tithing, or group of ten house- 
holds. Odés. 


[2292 Britton 1. xiii. [xii.] § 1 Et voloms ge touz soint en 
dizeyne [v. 77, duzeyne, dozein] et pleviz ‘dizeyners (v.77. 
dw. _—— 


dozeyners, dozainers].] Me Act 18 

1543) If al the chiefe pledges or their dosens 
1 Termes de la Ley s.v. Deciner, Deciner 
for the chiefe man of a Dozein, but for him 
Cowett Juterfr. s. v. 
Deciner, Now there are no other but Leets. 
(do™z’n), v. Sc. and north. dial. Forms: 
5 doysen, 5-8 dosen, 6 dosin, 8- dozen (9 
dozzen). [Prob. of Norse origin, repr. an incho- 

ative verb in -#a, from the stem of Dozz v.] 

1. rans. To stun, stupefy, daze. 

(But app. found only in pa. pple., which might belong to 
an intrans. vb.: cf, 2. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 126 oe e 
doysnyt [v.*. dosnyt] in the ficht. ¢ ENRYSON Mor. 
Fab.71 Both deife and dosened. a@1810 TaNNAHILt Poet. 
Wks. (1844) 86 Dorothy, dozened wi’ living her lane. 

2. trans. To make insensible, torpid, or power- 
less; to benumb. (Only in og pple.) 

1576 Trial Elis. Dunlop in P.H. Brown Scot. bef. 1700 
(1893) 212 The merch of the bane was consumit and the blude 
dosinit. 1789 Burns Ef. Yas. Tennent 6 My dearest member 
nearly dozen’d. 1832 Carrick in Whistle-binkie(Sc. Songs) 
(1890) I, 203 Birds Dozened sit on the frosty spray. 

8. intr. To become torpid or benumbed. 

1725 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. 1. ii, A dish o' married love 
right soon grows cauld And dozens down to nane. @1774 
Fercusson Poems xi. (Jam.) The birds..Dozen in silence 


on the bending spray. : 

Hence Do-zened fv. a., benumbed, torpid. 

1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. 11. 119 Thou dosend drone. 
1828 Brockett N. C. Words, D d, — impotent, 
withered, 1833 GALT in Fraser's Mag. V1. 651 With a 
natural inclination (as all old bachelors have) to 

ener (dv‘z’na1). Also 6 dussiner, 7 do- 
zinier, doziner, (7 decennier, 7-9 deciner). 
[In sense 1, a. AF. dozeyner, dozainer, a corrupt 
form of dizeyner (D1zENER) : cf. Dozen sb. 4. In 
sense 2 prob. the same ; but cf. Dozen 3.] 

1. a. A member of a tithing: see Dozen 4. b. 
The head of a dozen. 

1617 Mixsueu Ductor s. v. Deciners (tr. Britton: see 
Dozen 4.] We will that all..professe themselues to be of 
this or that dozein, and make or offer suretie of their 
behauiour by these or those doziniers. 1670 Buount Law 
Dict., Deciners alias Decenniers, alias Dosiners. ¥ 
[see Decener]. 

2. A name formerly borne by the constables, 
watchmen, or other ward-officers, in some boroughs. 

1558 Lichfield Guild Ord. (1890) 17 Billettes Directed to 
the Dussiners in euery I! warde for the colleccion 
off the sommes aboue written. 1806 T. Harwoop Hist. 
Lichfield, used to be called 
Portmote Court of the 


ist Rept. ia 1851 The Inspector of 
Dozener..in t h 


borough [Derby]. 
Dozenth (dv'z'np), a. collog. [f. Dozen sb. + 
-TH.] =TwetrrH. So half-dosenth =Srxtu. 

1710 Swirt Frni. to Stella 23 Dec., 1 have sent my arth 
to-night..and begin the dozenth. 1840 New Monthly Mas; 
LX. 264 Every half-dozenth window might be a loopho 
1853 Conpen in Sir L. Mallett C.’s Pod. ‘vitings (1878) 202 
Let me repeat it—if for the dozenth time. 

Dozepers, dozepiere, var. Douzerrrs, Ods. 

Dozer (do"za1). [f. Doze v. + -ER1.] One 
who dozes or sleeps drowsily. 

1710 Futter 7atler No. 205 ? 2 To add to my Dead and 
Living Men, Persons in an intermediate State..under the 
Appellation of Dozers. 1882 Harper's fo LXV. &33 
Wien he aroused himself from a nap in church, arose, 
looked sternly about to catch some luckless dozer. 

Doziberd(e, var. of DastperD, Obs. 

Dozily (do“zili), adv. [f. Dozy a. +-Ly 2.) In 
a dozy manner ; drowsily, sleepily. 

186r THornsury Turner (1862) 1. 85 Quiet deer feeding 
dozily under the stone pines. 

(do"-zinés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The 
state of being dozy ; ey ran se 
. Goo! it. a. i. (1723) 244 
veel ohare te ae 
att iness to W <e 
inclined. a ‘Tp. Hovcirox in T. W. Reid Life (x 
I, 232 Ami in and doziness. 

Dovzing, vol. sb. Th Doze v.+-ING1.] The 
action of sleeping drowsily. ; 

eg BENTLEY Bows et i. 2, _ an ea | +7 

4 . Evior Coll. Breakf. P. 
forint Of aang, ere the sense is fully lockadied 

Dozing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2] Drow- 
< os Lect. Dram. Lit, 6 In a dozing state. 1880 

. Dram. Lit. 6 Ina 
L. WALLACE Ben-Hur vu. iv. 45x Within arm-reach of the 
dozing camel. _ 


DOZINGLY. 
Hence Do‘zingly adv., drowsily, sleepily. 


1831 TReLtawny Adv. Lacey wa Son cxvii, Trees, under 
groves of which they dosingly lay. 

Dozy (do"zi),a.1 Also 8-9 dos(e)y. [f. Doze 
v.+-Y!.] 1, Drowsy, sleepy. 

1693 DryDENn Persius ee His lazy limbs and dozy head. 
1 OPE Odyss. 1X. 429 The dozy fume. 1883 A. S. Harpy 
Ba yet a Woman 167 A fire always makes one dozy. 

b. as sb. * 

1849 E. E. Naprer Excurs. S. Africa U1. 241 That old 
dozy there and myself got a fortnight’s leave. 

2. Of timber or fruit: In a state of incipient 
decay ; ‘sleepy’. Cf. Dozep, DoteD 2, Dory. 

1882 Boston Frni. Chem. 1 Feb. 19/2 The water runs in 
around the wood and makes it dozy, wet, and heavy. 

+ , 2.2 Obs. Also dosye, dosey, dusey. 
An obs. by-form of Dizzy a. 

1530 Patscr. 310/2 Dosye in the heed, defourne. 1551-68 
[see Dizzy a. 2]. : 

+ Dozy, v- Ods. rare. [f. prec. adj.] trans. 
To make giddy or dizzy; to Dizzy. 

1568 Turner Herbal i. 51 Not to suffer them to lyve 
after they be dosyed or made dronken, 

Dozyne, dozzen, obs. forms of Dozen. 

Dozze pers, var. Dovzerers. Ods. 

+ Dozzle, v. Obs. [f. Doze v. with freq. 
suffix -LE.] ¢vans. To render stupid; to stupefy. 

a1670 Hacker Ad,, Williams 1. (1692) 142 Being dozzled 
with fear, thinks every man wiser than himself, 

Dr., abbreviation of Dedtor (in Book-keeping), 
Doctor. 

Draaf, obs. form of DraFr. 

Drab (dreb), s.1 Also 6 drabe, 6-7 drabb(e. 
[Not known before 16th c. ; derivation uncertain : 
prob. at first a low or cant word. Evidently con- 
nected with Irish dradog, Gael. drabag dirty female, 
slattern; but evidence is wanting to show which is 
the original. Connexion with LG, dradde dirt, 
mire, has also been suggested.] 

1. A dirty and untidy woman; a slut, slattern. 
3515 Cocke Lorell’s B. (Percy Soc.) 11 Sluttes, drabbes, 
and counseyll whystelers. 1526 R. Wuytrorp Jartiloge 
(1893) 36 Saynt Tabite was holden a fole and drabbe of 
kechyn, 1530 Patscr. 215/1 Drabbe a slutte, uz/otzere. 
aziz W. Kine Art Cookery (T.) So at an Irish funeral 
appears A train of drabs with mercenary tears. 1816 

Old Mort. viii, A dirty drab of a housemaid. 1872 
Gero. Etiotr Middlem. xi, Who ended by living up an entry 
with a drab and six children for their establishment. 

2. A harlot, prostitute, strumpet. 
¢1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 403 And than 
shall the drabbe, my doughter, be mured vp in a stone 
wall. 1547 Boorpe rev. Health ii. 6b, Gyve that knave 
or drabbe a phylyp with a club. 1605 Suaxs. Macé. 1, i. 
1 Birth-strangled Babe, Ditch-deliuer’d by a Drab. 1675 

‘ockERWorals 15 Drink, Dice, and Drabs, three dange’rous 
Dees, 1731 Swirt Answ. Simile Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 223 
Each drab has been compared to Venus. 1856 Mrs. 
Browninc Aur. Leigh v. 789 And said ‘my sister’ to the 
lowest drab Of all the assembled castaways. 

transf. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet Divb, There is no more 
sullen beast, than a he drab. 

“| The following are probably distinct words : 

3. Salt-making. See quot. and cf. CRIB sd. 9. 

1753 CuamBers Cyc?. Supp., Drabs, in the English salt 
works, a name given to a sort of wooden cases into which 
the salt is put, as soon as it is taken out of the boiling pan. . 
Their bottoms are made. .gradually inclining forwards ; by 
which means the saline liquor that remains mixed with the 
salt easily drains out. In some places they use cribs 
instead of the Drabs. 

4. A small or petty sum (of money); esp. in 
dribs and drabs ; see DRiB. 

1828 Craven Dial. Drab, a small debt. ‘He's gain away 
for good, and he’s left some drabs’. 1847-78 in HaLtiweE.t. 
1861 Maynew Lond. Labour III. 200 (Hoppe) None of 
us save money ; it goes either in a lump, if we get a lump, 
or in dribs and drabs. 1888 Daily News 19 Apr. 3/5 tt 
[the payment] was received in dribs and drabs. 

Drab (dreb), 5.2 and a. [In early quotations 
app. synonymous with drap cloth (see quot. from 
Bailey, and cf. DRAP-pDE-BERRY). Conjectured to 
have been applied to a hempen, linen, or woollen 
cloth of the natural undyed colour, whence attrib. 
in drap or drab colour, i.e. the colour of this cloth, 
and thus to have gradually become an adj. of 
colour: cf. rose, pink, salmon, etc. as colour 
names.] 

A. sb. A kind of cloth: see quots. 

1541 Lanc. Wills 80 Ij drabs of teir of hempe, a drab of 
new canvis, [1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Drap(Fr.), cloath, 
Woollen-cloath. 1718 Freethinker No. 42? 8 Tosmile on 
a Brocade more than upon a Brown Drap.] 1721 Battery, 
Drap, Drab, cloth, woollen Cloth. 1740 Dycne & Parpon, 
Draé, an extraordinary sort of woollen cloth, chiefly worn 
in the winter-time. 1753 Hanway 77av. II.1. v. 20 British 
Woollens, such as hair-list drabs.. We improved some of our 
drabs, so as to be almost equal to the dutch cloths in the 
substance. [1772 Mrs. Scorr Jest Filial Duty 11. 220 
Collin, whose wedding coat is a new white drap.] 

B. a. Of a dull light-brown or yellowish-brown, 

[1686 Lond. Gaz. No, 2100/4 The one with a Drapp-colour 
cloth Campaigne fom 1715-1768 [see drap-coloured, 
drab-coloured, in D, below.) 1775 As, Drab (adj. with 
clothiers), Lepay. 3 to a gradation of plain colours ixt 
a white and a brown, 1803 S. Pecce Anecd, Eng. 
Lang. 266 Hence our drab cloth, pure and undied cloth, 
and they call this a drab colour in the trade. 


1832 Downes | 


| 


631 


Lett. Cont. Countries 1. 523 The cottages..were of a deep 
drab hue. 1837 Dickens Pickw. iii, He wore wide drab 
trousers, 1865 Sat, Rev. 12 Aug. (L.) Male Quakers have 


. discarded broadbrimmed hats and drab breeches. 
. Dull; wanting brightness or colour. 


b. fé 
1880 Miss Brovcuton Sec. 7.1. iv, The little drab day 


has already dropped in the maw of..night. 1892 Pad? 
Mall G. 27 Feb. 1/2 The lives of the people. .are dull and 
drab ; a round of work with but little amusement, 

C. sb. [absol. use of the adj.] 

1. Drab colour ; cloth or clothing of this colour ; 
esp. in £/.=drab breeches. 

182x Crare Vill. Ministr. I. 38 Milk-maids.. Threw 
‘cotton drabs’ and ‘worsted hose’ away. 1824 Miss Mir- 
ForD Village Ser. 1. (1863) 38 Woe to white gowns! woe to 
black! Drab was your only wear. 1838 Dickens Nich. 
Nick. xiv, A short old gentleman, in drabs and gaiters. 
1884 Pall Mall G. 7 June 5/1 Silk gowns of Quaker drab. 

2. Collector’s name for a group of moths. 

1819 G. SAMovELLE Extomol. Compend. 370 Noctua 
angusta. The dark Drab. Noctua geminata. The twin- 
spotted Drab, 1869 Newman British Moths 358 The 
clouded Drab (Te#zocampa instabilis). 

D. Comb., as drab-breeched, -coloured, -tinted ; 
drab-coat a., wearing a drab coat, drab-coated. 

1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5328/4 Dark Drap colour’d Coat. 
1768 STERNE Sent. Yourn. (1775) 114 (A/ystery) Dressed in 
a dark drab-colour’d coat. 1843 Syp. Smirn Lett. on Amer. 
Debts Wks. 1859 11. 330/1 Drab-coloured men of Pennsyl- 
vania. 1848 Wuittier Peace Con. at Brus. Poems (1882) 
149 The dull, meek droning of a drab-coat seer. 

Hence Dra‘bly adv., in drab colour; in comb., 
as dvably-clad, -tinted; Drabman (humorous 
nonce-wa.), a quaker ; Dra*bness, drab quality. 

1860 All Year Round No. 66. 378 Labouring..at our 
target practice, long before the drowsy drabmen have 
moved from their pillows. 1878 Miss Brappon Ofer 
Verd. viii. 60 Though the paint was mostly gone a general 
drabness remained. 189r H.C, Hatiipay Some one must 
suffer Il. xii. 217 That drably-tinted lady. 

Drab (dreb), v. [f Drap 56.1] ¢ntr. To 
associate with harlots; to whore. Also 40 drad 7¢. 

1602 SHaks. //amz. u. i. 26 Drinking, fencing, swearing, 
Quarelling, drabbing. @ 1624 Br. M. Smitn Sern. (1632) 
276 He is the true gentleman now adayes, that can drinke 
and drab it best. 1719 D’Urrey Pidés (1872) III. 48 I'll 
drink and drab. 1853 Blackhw. Mag. UXXIV. 110 He 
would have drunk and diced, drabbed and hunted. 

Hence Dra‘bbing v0/. s).; + Dra‘bber, a whore- 
monger. 

ax61r Beaum. & FL. Triumph of Death vi, Drunkenness, 
and drabbing, thy two morals, 1632 MassinGEr C7ty 
Madam w. ii, A most insatiate drabber. 1820 Scorr 
Monast. xxxv, Nothing but dicing, drinking and drabbing. 

|| Drabant. (Sw. drabant attendant, satellite : 
in Ger. ¢rabant, It. trabante, ¥. traban, draban, 
Boh. drabanti, Magyar darabant, Roumanian 
doroban, ad. Turkish (orig. Pers.) Ub 49 darban 


porter, guard.] A halberdier; spec. a soldier of 
the body-guard of the kings of Sweden. 

1707 Lond, Gaz. No. 4339/3 He was Captain-Lieutenant 
of the King of Sweden’s Drabants. 1823 Cranes 7echnol, 
Dict., Drabants (Mil.), a select body of men, who were 
commanded in person by Charles IX, King of Sweden. 
1862 H. Marryat Fear in Sweden Il. 127 We next pass 
into the drabant guard-room. 

+ Drabbery. Oés. vare. [f. DRaBsd,! +-ERy.] 
Drabbing, harlotry. 

Be, Levins Manip. 104/12 Drabbery, meretrictum. 

abbet (drebét, dr&bet). Also -ette. [f. 
Dras 5.% + -E1, dim. suffix.) A drab twilled linen, 
used for making men’s smock-frocks, ete. 

1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 97 Drabbetts.. Fancy 
Drills..Grey Twills, 1874 T. Harpy Far fr. Madding 
Crowd ix, Some..in snow-white smock frocks of Russia 
duck, and some in whitey-brown ones of drabbet. 1885 
Chr. World 529 Real Suffolk drabbet—one of the finest 
things for a workman to wear. , 

Drabbish (dre'bif), @.1 [f. Dra 5d, + -1sH.] 
Partaking of the qualities of a drab ; sluttish. 

1566 Drant Horace Sat. vin. E, I markte the drabbishe 
sorcerers and harde their dismall spell. 1888 T. Harpy 
Wessex T, 17% The drabbish woman she had expected. 

Dra‘bbish, a.” [f. Drax a. + -1sH.] Some- 
what drab in colour; drab-looking. Also in 
comb. 

1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1868) 89 Dressed in a dusty 
drabbish-coloured suit. 1870 Miss BrouGuton Red as 
Rose I. peer ces -are neutral-tinted, drabbish, greyish. 

’Drabbit! short for ’od rabbit! God rabbit !: 
an imprecation : see RaBBIT. 

Drabble (dreb’l), v. [ME. dradelen = LG. 
(EFris.) drabbeln to walk or wade about in water 
or liquid mud, to paddle; to splash, bespatter: cf. 
drabbe thick dirty liquid, mire, dradézg muddy, 
miry, turbid; also early mod.Du. dradben to run 
about, tramp about.] 

1, intr. To become wet and dirty by dabbling in, 
or trailing through, water or mire, 

a 1400-50 Alexander 232 Di3t as a Doctour in drabland 
wedis. ne Hye way to Spyttel Hous 116 in Hazl. 
E.P.P. IV. 28 Brechles, bare foted, all stynkyng with dyrt, 
og We h = ] of - a peng to the shyrt. 
1 . SparKE in Hawkins’ Voy. (1878) 61 Being put vpon 

ae drabling in the water, a1712 wv. Kine Art of Love 
1v, (R.) Who shall all this rabble meet, But Gnossy, drab- 
bling in the street? 1807-8 W. Irvine Salmag. v. (1824) 74 
The poor fellows who had to drabble through the. . mire, 


DRACHM. 


2. trans. To make wet and dirty by contact with 


muddy water or mire, 

c4go Promp., Parv. 129/2 Drabelyn, paludo. 1599 
Nasue Lenten Stuffe 6 Spreading their drabled sailes.. 
abroad a drying. 1792 7rans. Soc. Arts X. 47 Heavy 
showers of ‘rain.. which has drabbled the Corn. 1867 
¥Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. u. UI. ur. 529 Clip off the 
down at the tail to prevent their being drabbled. : 

3. Angling. (intr.) To fish for barbel, etc. with 
a rod and a line threaded through a leaden bullet 
so that the hook may be trailed along the bottom. 

1799 G. Smitx Laboratory I. 272 The right method of 
drabbling, as it is termed. .for gudgeons. — : 

Hence Dra-bbled /f/. a., wet with dirty water, 
or with dragging in the mire; Dra*bbling 7d/. sd. 
and ppl. a.; also Drabble-tail, a slattern, draggle- 
tail; Drabble-tailed a. 

a 1400-50 Drabbling [see 1]. c1440 Promp. Parv. 129/2 
Draplyd (wv. ». drablyd), paludosus. 1599 Drabbled [see 2]. 
az825 Forsy Voc. £. Anglia, Drabble-tail, a_siattern, 
who allows her garments to trail after her in the dirt, 1825 
Brockett N.C. Gloss., Drabbld, Drabble-taited, dirtied. 

Drabble, sd. [f. prec. vb.] 

1. The action or process of drabbling for fish. 

1 G. Smitn Laboratory U1. 269 When you angle for 
this fish at the bottom, on the drabble. 

2. A contemptuous term for drabbled people. 

1789 Wotcortr (P. Pindar) 7ithe Rencounter x. 1 Some 
Presbyterian rabble..Or some fierce Methodistic drabble. 

Drabbler, drabler (drebler). Aa. [f. 
DraBBLE v., in reference to its position.] An 
additional piece of canvas, laced to the bottom of 
the bonnet of.a sail, to give it greater depth. 

@ 1592 GREENE & Lonce Looking Glass Wks, (Rtldg.) 134/2 
Then scantled we our sails with speedy hands, And took our 
drablers from our bonnets. 16458 Heywoop Jort. by Land 
wv. Wks. 1874 VI. 416 Lace your drablers on. 1708 Mor- 
tEux Rabelais iv. \xiii. (1737) 256 To our Sails we had 
added Drablers. 185 Kirrinc Satlmaking (ed. 2) 182 
Drabbler. 1867 Smytit Sazlor’s Word-bk., Drabler, a piece 
of canvas laced on the bonnet of asail to give it more drop.. 
used when both course and bonnet are not deep enough, 

Drabby (dre'bi), a! [f. Dra sd.! + -y.] 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, adrab; abounding 
in drabs. 

1612 W, Parkes Curlaine Drawer (1876) 12 The Curtaine 
of dishonesty .. the drunken colourer of Drabby salary. 
1776 Compr Diaboliad (1777) 12 The wiles of drabby Drury 
and of low St. Giles. 1887 Fritn «1 wfodjog. 11. 81 ‘They are 
drabby, shabby, dirty creatures. 

Dra‘bby, a2 [f. Drap a. + -y.] 
drab; drabbish. Hence Dra‘bbiness. 
Mrs, Hallib.u.viii, A drabby petticoat 
in rags. 1872 Dasent Three to One 11,3 While women 
should pass their lives in drabbiness and dowdiness. 1890 
Spectator 25 Jan. 115/2 We do not believe in all this drab- 
biness, .. in the modem ridicule of ceremonial. 1893 G. D. 
Lesuz Lett, Marco xxxi. 209 The want of colour that 
accompanies a north-east wind; sky, trees and grass all 
looking washed out and drabby. 

|| Dracena (dras7na). Bot. [mod.L., a, Gr. 
Spaxava she-dragon, fem. of Spaxav dragon.] A 
genus of Lz/acew, containing the dragon - tree 
Dracena Draco, and various other ornamental 
species. 

1823 in Crass Technol. Dict. 1870 Mrape New Zealand 
189 Aprons of scarlet dracaena leaves. 1892 Daily News 
2 Jan. 5/6 The rooms were charmingly embellished with 
white draczenas, palms, and other foliage plants. 

Drach, obs. f. Draw v. 

Drachm (drem). Forms: 4-7 dragme, 6 
drachime, 6-7 drachme, dragm, 7- drachm. 
See also Dram. [a. F. dvachme, earlier dragme, in 
OF. also drame = Pr. dragma, L, drachma, a. Gr. 
dpaxpn, an Attic weight and coin, prob. orig., ‘as 
much as one can hold in the hand’, f. dpaccecOa 
(-T7-) to grasp (cf. dpaypa).] 

1. The principal silver coin of the ancient Greeks, 
the DRacHMA; containing 6 obols. It varied in 
weight and value in different places, its average 
value being about 93¢. English, (Also DRacHMA.) 

1382 Wyciir Luke xv. 8 What womman hauynge ten 
dragmes, ether besauntis, and if sche hath lost o dragme[etc.]. 
1607 SHAKS. Cor. 1. v.6 These mouers, that do prize their 
hours At acrack’d Drachme. 1646 Sir ‘I’. Browne Pseud. 
£f.Viu1.xi. 360 Every man of the Jews should bring into the 
Capitoll two dragmes, 1771 in Phd. Trans. LXI. 469 The 
current coin of Athens, was the silver Drachm. 

b. Hence, the DrrHeM of the Arabs. 

r W. Prat Africa G vij a (Stanf.) .xx.Drachimes 
whiche is ten pens Englyshe. 1840 Carve //eroes ii. 
(1872) 66 Mahomet. .asked.. If he owed any man? A voice 
answered, ‘ Yes, me three drachms a : 

2. A weight approximately equivalent to that of 
the Greek coin. Now, in Apothecaries’ weight = 
60 grains, or } of an ounce, in Avoirdupois weight 
= 27} grains or gg of an ounce. (Spelt drachm 
ordram.) Also, the Arabic DIRHEM. 

Fluid drachm = % of fluid ounce, = 60 minims or drops. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. exxviii. (1495) 932 
The leeste mesure is Coclearium and is half a Dragme. 
1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 153 Take .. of ech two dragmis. 
1590 Recorde’s Gr. Artes (1646) 135, 3 Scruples make a 
Drachm or Dragme. 1704 F. Futter Med. Gymn. (1711) 
77 A few.Drachms of Unctuous Stuff, cx8s0 Arad. Nis, 
(Rtldg.) 584 Aladdin. .desired to have half a drachm of the 
powder. 1894 Lancet 10 Nov. 1093 The catheter. .drew off 
four drachms of albuminous urine. 


Rather 


DRACHMA. 


3. fig. A small quantity; a very little, (Cf.grain.) 

pti | Haywarp tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virgin 4 Having 
.. out of the masse of our difsJasters extracted us this 
dragme of comfort. 1670 G. H. //ist. Cardinals1.u. 48 One 
drachme of affliction. a@17a9 Concreve (T.) The e has 
not a drachm of generous love about him. 1876 T. Harpy 
Ethelberta (B90, 306 ‘ Now do you see the truth?’ she 
whispered... without a drachm of feeling. 

|| Drachma (dre'kma). Also 6-7 dragma. 
Pl. -mas, also -me, (6-7 -maes). [a. L. drachma, 
a. Gr. Bpaxu Dracum. The form dragma is 


assimilated to OF.dragme, Pr. and med.L. dragma.] 

1. =Dracum 1. Also, the Jewish quarter-shekel. 

1579-80 NortH Plutarch 378 (R.) Small pieces of money 
..called oboli, whereof six made adrachma. 1581 Marpeck 
Bk. Notes 313 A Dragma is the fourth part of a Sickle, 
which is to saie fiue halfe-pence. 1601 SHaxs. Fud, C. 11. 
ii. 247 To euery seuerall man, seuenty fiue Drachmaes. 
1614 Raceicn Hist. World u. (1634) 322 Judas Macchabeus 
_.sent thence ten thousand Dragmas. 1712 Appison Spect. 
No. 5357 He left him to the value of an hundred drachmas 
in Persian money. 1881 Jowett 7hucyd. I. 178 Every one 
of the hoplites. .received two drachmae a day. 

b. The standard silver coin of modern Greece, 
equivalent to the French franc and Italian /7ra. 

1882 Bitnert Counting-ho. Dict. (1893) 196. 

2. =DRACHM 2. 

1527 Anprew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters Dj, Myxced 
with Bolo Armeno and with lapide ematitis, of eche a 
dragma. 1632 Heywoop 2nd Pt. [ron Age v. Wks. 1874 
III. 426 [They] Will scarce weigh eleauen Dragmaes. 
1807 Ropinson A rchaol. Gracav. xxVi. 551 Grecian weights 
reduced to..Troy weight: Drachma = 6 dwt. 2 2 grains. 

Drachmal (drekmil), a. rare. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] Pertaining to a drachm or drachma. 

1674 JEAKE Avith, (1696) 105 This is sometime called the 
Drachmal Denary for distinction sake. 

+ Dracin, -ine. Chem. =DRACONIN. 

Drack(e, obs. form of DRAKE. 

Dracoman: obs. form of DRaGoman. 


Draco‘nian, 2. [f. as Draconic +-1an.] = 
DRACONIC I, 2. 

1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. eat The Swedenborgian 
rubrics are not so Draconian. dM. Watracr Russia 
xiii. 206 Refraining from all Draconian legislation. 1880 
Daily Tel. 10 Nov., In the course of one of these draconian 
performances. .the mummer’s tail came off. 

Ilence Draconianism. 

1819 GirrorD in Smiles ¥. Murray 1. 404, | never much 
admired the vaunt of Draconianism, ‘ And all this I dare 
do, because I dare’. ; 

onic (drakg'nik), a. [f. L. draco, -onem, 
ad. Gr. 5paxwv dragon, also f. the Greek personal 
name, Apdxwy, Draco: see -1¢.] 

1. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Draco, 
archon at Athens in 621 B.c., or the severe code 
of laws said to have been established by him ; 
rigorous, harsh, severe, cruel. 

1708 Mottevx Rabelais v. xi. (1737) 43 Any Law so 
rigorous and Draconic. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm, 35 Their 
criminal code, which was Draconic in severity. 

2. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a dragon. 

1680 H. Morr Afocal. Afoc. 118 ‘The great Dragon was 
cast out’..This..signified the destruction of the Empire as 
Draconick and Idolatrous. x tr. Swedenborg’s A poc. 
Rev. xiv. § 655 To whom the draconic spirit addressed the 
same words, 1820 Scott A ddot xv, ‘ Marry come up — are 
you there with your bears?’ muttered the dragon, with a 
draconic silliness. 

3. Astron. = DRACONTIC. 

(Sometimes erroneously explained as ‘Relating to the 
constellation Draco’.) 

1876 G. Cuampers Astron. u. i. 174 This is termed a 
‘nodical revolution of the Moon,’ mote. Sometimes the 
Draconic Period. 

+ Draconical, a. O/s. 
= prec. (sense 2), 

1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc, 122 This Draconical power, 

Dracovnically, adv. [f. prec.+-Ly2.] After 
the manner of Draco; with extreme severity. 

1641 Parall, betw. Wolsey & Laud in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) 
IV. 465 Both of them at the Council-board, and in the star- 
chamber, [were] alike draconically supercilious. 1887 S. 
Wurman Convent. Cant 87 It is draconically prohibited. 

Dra‘conin, -ine. Chem. [f. L. draco dragon.] 
The colouring matter in Dragon's blood, at first 
supposed to be alkaline, and named accordingly. 

Penny Cycl. 1X. 118/t Herberger .. calls this colour- 
ing matter draconin, and he considers it to possess rather 
su peg hyp yaad than such as denote alkalinity. 1863-72 
Watts Dict. Chem. U1. 345 Melandri regarded the resin. .as 
an alkaloid, and designated it as draconine, dracenine, or 
dracine. 

Draconism (dre*kéniz’m). 
name Apdxwy, Draco: see -18M.] 
acter. (See DRAcoNIC 1.) 

1832 Westm. Rev. XVII. 313 The draconism of their 
slave laws. 

+ Dra‘conist. O/s. [f. as Draconto + -18T.] 
An adherent of the Dragon. (See Rev. xii. 3.) 

1684 H. More Answ. 179 n Draconists or Bestians. 

|| Draconites (drekdnai'tiz). Also 7 dracon- 
tites, dracondite. ([L. dracénitis (Pliny), f. 
dracon-em DRaGon.] A precious stone fabled to be 
taken from the brain of a dragon; a dragon-stone. 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 124 The precious gemme 
Dacromtes {Draconites) that is euer taken out of the heade 
of the poysoned Dragon. 1608 Harincton Sch. Salerne 


f. as prec. + -AL. 
} 


[f. Gr. personal 
Draconic char- 


1 
| 


| 


| 


632 


58 Haue in your rings .. a Draconites, which you shall 
com for an ornament. 1855 Smepitey Occult Sciences 354. 

Draconi'tic, a. Astron. =DRAconTIC. 

In recent Dicts. : 

Draco‘ntian, ¢. [irreg. f. Gr. dpdxwy, -ovra 
dragon +-IAN.] . =DRACONIC 2. 

_ 1816 G. S. Faner Orig. Pagan Tdol. U1. 282 The dracon- 
tian figure attached to the ring of Abury. 1818 — Hor. 
Mos. 1. 73 The dracontian Ahriman of the Persians. 

Dracontic (drikgntik), a. Astron. [f. Gr. 
dpaxovr-, stem of Spdxwv dragon +-10.] Pertaining 
to the moon’s nodes: see DRAGON’S-HEAD, -TAIL. 

Pol Cuampers Cycl., Dracontic Month, the space of 
time wherein the moon going from her ascending node, 
called Caput Draconis, returns to the same. 17. in 
Battey (folio). | Also in mod, Dicts. 

ontine (drakg‘ntain), a. [irreg. f. Gr. 
dpaxev, -ovra dragon + -INE.] Of the nature of, 
or belonging to, a dragon. 

1806 G. S. Faser Diss. Prophecies 11. 248 Her dracontine 
cruelty. 1865 Barinc-Goutp Werewolves x. 175 A gigantic 
man with few of the dracontine attributes remaining. 

|| Dracunculus draksnkizlis). [L. dim. of 
draco DRAGON.) 

1. The muscular hair-worm D. (/ilaria) medi- 
nensis, found in the legs and muscular parts of the 
arms of the inhabitants of both Indies, and other 
tropical countries ; the Guinea-worm. 

1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Dracunculus..a kind of Ulcer 
that eats even thro’ a Nerve it self; also a long sort of 
Earth-worm, which frequently grows to Indians’ Legs. 
I Li Cuampers Cyc/. s.v., A disease in children, wherein 
they feel a vehement itching ; supposed to arise from little 
worms called Dracunculi. 1851-9 A/an. Sci. Eng. 248 Why 
the dracunculus should be met with on the west coast of 
Africa. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 676 The 
female Dracuncu/us..may attain a length of six feet. 

2. Ichthyol. A fish, a dragonet or goby of the 
genus Callionymus. 

1752 Sir J. Hit Hist. Anim. 272 (Jod.) The seadragon : 
this is frequent in the Mediterranean .. Ray, etc. call it 
dracunculus. 1753 in CuamBers Cyc/. Supp. 

8. Lot. A herbaceous genus of Aracea, formerly 
included under Arum, containing the Green 
Dracon (q v. 14) or DraGons. 

1706 in Prittirs (ed. Kersey). 1748-52 Sir J. Hitt Hist. 
Plants 596 (Jod.) Arum ; this genus comprehends the arum, 
arisarum, colocasia and dracunculus of authors. 1753 CHAM- 
ners Cycl. Supp., Dracunculus, Dragons in botany. 

Drad, obs. form of Dreap a. and v. 

Dradge, dradgy, obs. or dial. ff. DREDGE. 

Dradgy, Sc. form of Drreg, chiefly in sense 3. 
Funeral feast. 

Draf, obs. form of drove, pa. t. of DRIVE. 

Draff (draf). Forms: 3-5 draf, (3 drof, 4-5 
draft, 5 draaf, drafe, 5-7 draffe), 5- draff, (7 
draugh). [early ME. draf, prob. repr. an un- 
recorded OL. *draf, corresp. to MDu. and Du. 
draf, \cel. draf, Sw. draf, Da. drav sediment of a 
brewing, grains, husks, OHG. *¢rad, pl. trebir, 
MHG. ¢reder, Ger. traber grains, husks, etc. :— 
OTeut. type *frabaz neuter. Cf. also Ir. and 
Gael. drabh grains of malt, prob. from English.] 

Refuse, dregs, lees ; wash or swill given to swine ; 
hog’s-wash ; sfec. the refuse or grains of malt after 
cgeteles or distilling ; brewer's grains. 

c1205 Lay. 29256 He gon 3eoten draf and chaf and aten. 
c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 3582 Moves .. dede Sat calf melten in fir 
..And mengde in water. . And gaf Sat folc drinken Sat drof. 
1362 Lanai. P. Pl. A. x1. 11 Hogges..draf weore hem 
leuere Pen al pe presciouse Peerles. BS Wycur Sern. 
Sel. Wks. II. ode oe diversen fro Goddis lawe, as draf 
diversip fro clene rynke. ¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb, 1. 580 
If their appetite With draf of win be fed. 1ga2 Morr 
De quat. Noviss. Wks. 73/2 A sow contente with draffe 
durt and mire. 167x Mitton Samson 573 Till vermin or 
the draff of servile food Consume me. 1688 R. Home 
Armoury 1. 181/2 Washings .. necessary for, keeping of 
Swine..Whey Butter-milk, Dish-water, any kind of Draff. 
1875 A. Smirn Hist. Aberdeensh. 1. 559 Animals .. fed off 
by the dregs or draff at the Distillery. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. ‘ 

1385 Cuaucer Z.G. W. 312 To wryte The draf of stories, 
and forgo the corn. o3s85 Harpsriep Divorce Hen, VIIT 
et 296 The draffs of filthy errors, 1643 Mitron 
Divorce Introd. (1851) 6 The brood of Belial, the draffe of 
men, 1878 DowpEen Stud, Lit. 45 Examples that have 
survived the chaff and draff of the time. 

e. Proverbs. 

ye J. Hevwoop Prov. (1867) 22 The still sowe eats vp 
all the draffe. did. 26 Draffe is your errand, but drinke ye 
wolde. 1898 Suaks. Merry W. 1. ii. 105 Still Swine eats 
all the draugh. cr D. Ferauson Scot. Prov. (1785) 5 
(Jam.) As the sow fills the draff sours. 

d. Comb.,as draff-drink, -midden, -pock, -trough, 
-tub; draff-cheap adj, Also DRAFFSACK. 

age Henryson Mor. Fab. 7 A Sow, to whom men. . Into 
her draffe-troch would sow precious stanes. ¢ 1 Henry 
Wallace 1. 257 Thai kest him our .. In a draff myddyn. 
1568 Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 282 One draffe tub 
iiij’, a166x Rutuerrorp Leff, (1765) 1, 1. (Jam.) The best 
regenerate have their defilements, and if I may speak so, 
their draff pock that will clo behind them all their days. 
1807 TANNAHILL Poems 103 (Jam.) Thanks is but a draff- 
cheap phrase, 

affe, obs. form of Drarr, DRovE sé. 

Dra-ffish, a. [f. Drarr+-1sH.] Of the nature 

of draff, somewhat draffy ; worthless, 


DRAFT. — 


1538 Bate Thre Lawes 1701 Your draffysh ceremonyes. 
1543 — Vet a Ci b (T.), The draffish declaracyons o 
pal Telit ba , al 


Dra‘ffsack. Now dia/. [f. Drarr + Sack 
sb.=MDnu. drafsac lit. and fig.) A sack of draff 
or refuse; also fig. a big paunch ; lazy glutton. 
Also attrib. ; 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Reeve's T. 286, I lye as a drafsak in my . 
bed. c1534 Sir F. Bycop Treat, Impropr. Bench, 
They..knowe none other god almost than the gret draf- 
sacke of Rome. a1564 Becon Humble Sufflic. Prayers, 
etc. (1844) 239 The priests of Baal.. pampered their idle 
draff: beilies with all kind of pleasant wines and dainty 
dishes, 1616 Deacon Tobacco tortured 57 Tobacco ,. the 
Draffe-sacks delight. 1894 Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 171 
Sleep yer ain sleeps, ye pair'o’ draft-sacks. 

Hence + Dra‘ffsacked #//. a., of the nature of a 
draffsack ; stuffed with refuse; vilely gluttonous ; 
worthless. Obs. : 

1548 Hawt Chron., Hen. V/T, 43 One of y* capiteins of this 
donge hill and draffe sacked ruffians. 1560 Becon Fortress 
Faithf. Pref. Wks. 123, That loton. .enfarcing his owne 
stinckyng = ee - y with .. deintie a 
at — Humble ic. Prayers, et 8 
ph an their idle fey a Bees bellies. ne et 

Dra‘ffy, 2. [f. as prec.+-¥y1l.] Of the nature 
of draff, worthless ; full of draff or dregs. 

x62 Fietcuer /s/. Princess ui. iii, The dregs and draffy 


part. 1624 Gataker 7ransubst. 86 Such draffy stuffe as 
this is. ax J. Skinner Tune Your Fiddles Misc. 


Poetry 148 Draffy drink may please the Vicar. 

Draft (draft), s+. A modern phonetic spelling 
of DravGut sé., found in many senses of the word, 
and now established in the following : 


1. The drawing down of one scale or end of a 
balance in weighing; the ‘turn of the scale’; 
hence a deduction from the gross weight allowed 
for this in retailing (=CLOFF, q.v.). 

[1494-1727 see Draucut 13.] 1757 W. THompson RX. NV. 
Adzvoc. 39 To put his Foot into the Scale to weigh it down, 
to make the Draft good. 1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. Trade 
72, 100 Hides.. Draft 11b. per 10 Hs, 1848 //lustr. Lond. 
News 29 Apr. 281/1 Secreting two iron ks under his 
weighing-machine, thereby causing a draft of 44 oz. against 
the purchaser. 

2. The drawing off, detachment, or selection of 
a party from a larger body for some special duty 
or purpose ; sfec. in military use. 

[1703-1872 see Dracut 34.) 1800 WettincTon in Gurw. 
Desf. 1. 93 If the bullocks are not occasionally recruited 
by drafts of fresh calves. 1813 /bid. 24 Sept. XI. 140 
To et nearly as man emt de raft from the militia. 1875 
T. W. Hiccixson Hist. U. S. 306 Soldiers were being 
drafted ; but the draft was very unpopular. 

b. The party or body so drawn off or selected. 

1756 G. Wasuincton Lett, Writ. 1889 I. 245, Iam .. con- 
vinced. .all the drafts [will] quit the service. 1780 J. Reip 
in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) II. 20 They absolutel 
refuse to march the drafts to the army. 1868 Xegud. & Ord. 
Army ® 515 Attention .. to the age of the men selected, so 
that the draft may consist of those best qualified for a change 
of climate. Botprewoon Melbourne Mem, ii. 22 
A draft of out-lying cattle..rose and ——_ off. 
Times 22 Sept. 4/4 The Wye..sailed from Sheerness..with 
naval drafts and stores. 1894 Masketyne Sharps & Flats 
6 The ‘draft '—i.e. the to replace those which have 
bee discarded [at Poker]. 

8. The ‘drawing’ of money by an order in due 
form. Also DravGut (35a) q. Vv. 

{x 1838 see Dracut 35 a}. 1833 Act 3 

mst 61 Such treasurer 1 make no d: 
accounts for any private purpose, 

b. A written order for the payment of money, 
‘drawn on’ or addressed to a person holding 
money in trust or as an agent or servant of the 
drawer; a bill or cheque drawn; sometimes, 
spec., an order for the payment of money drawn 
by one branch of a bank or mercantile house upon 
another, or by one department of an office upon 
another, 


doses 


4 Will IV, 
ts on the said 


see Draucur3sb.] 1786 Trials § conaten S Fohn 
13 Mr. Elliot sent the draft to the bankers, which 
was returned unpaid. 1816 Byron Let. to MurrayWks. (1846) 
120/1 note, I have enclosed your draft. McCuiiocn 
Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 11. 3x [They] pay them by giving 
a bill or draft for the sum, ere in coin at sight, or at so 
many days after date. 1861 GoscHEen For. Exch. 31 Teas 
shipped from China to New York are generally paid for by 
a draft of the exporter on a ion merchant for account 
of the American importer in New York. 7. McLeop in 
Bithell Counting-Ho. Dict. s.v. Draft, If the order be 
addressed to a person who merely holds the money as 
a Depositum, as a Baillee, or Trustee, or Agent, or Servant 
of the writer, it is not a Bill, but a Draft. 
c. Se. A demand, claim. 

1866 Howe ts Venet. Life 121 Their st 7 

has made a tongue a draft upon the 
ed the * j 

§ State 14 That so great a draft should 
patience. 1885 Manch, Exam. 15 June 6/2 y 
makes a thoughtless draft upon the loyalty of her Minister, 

4. A plan, sketch, or drawing, esp. of a work to 
be executed; a chart. More usually DRavent 


1703, Moxon Mech. Exerc. 
106 A round Iron Plate which lies within the hollow ., and 


DRAFT. 


therefore cannot in Draft be seen inits proper place. 1727- 

x CHAMBERS Cycl., Draught or, as it is pronounced, Dra/t, 
in architecture, the figure of an tented | building described 
in paper. 1809 H. Carter Axtodiogr. Cornish Smuggler 
(1894) 55 There is no draft for the Channel on board, I knows 
nothing of the Channel. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ, 
138 The Superintendent delivers the order, with the drafts 
and specifications, to the master shipwright. 

5. A preliminary sketch or rough form of a 
writing or document, from which the final or fair 


copy is made. 

[1g28-183r see DraucuT 32.] U 
187, I have seen the draft of the petition. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 474 A draft of the conveyance was pre- 
pared by Mr, Booth, as counsel for the purchaser. 1887 
Spectator 9 July g21/1 The latest draft of Thames Con- 
servancy bye-laws, now awaiting the Order of Council, * 

6. Technical. a. Masonry. Chisel-dressing at 
the margin of the surface of a stone to serve asa 
guide for the levelling of the surface. Also 
DRAUGHT, q. v. 43. b. ‘The degree of deflexion 
of a millstone-furrow from a radial direction.’ 


(Cent. Dict.) ¢. See quot. 1874. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. Draft 6. so Recdadsr ea epee 
The amount of taper given to a pattern to enable it to be 
withdrawn from the mold, withcut disturbing the loam. 1878 
Conner Sentwork Pad. 11.81 The stones are all drafted with 
the real Jewish draft, broad, shallow, and beautifully cut. 

7. attrib. a. Drafted or selected from the flock, 
as draft ewe. b. Drawn up as a preliminary or 
rough form whence a fair copy is afterwards made. 
ce. Draft-cattle, -horses : see DRAUGHT 47 a. 

a. 1794 URE Agric. Surv. Roxb. (Jam.), Those are picked 
out which are most unfit for breeders, and in best condition 
for the market. These are called Draught or Cast Ewes. 
1878 Cumbid. Gloss., Draft sheep ..a selection of the best 
annually. 1892 Northumbld.-Gloss., Draught, the worst 
sheep ‘drawn’, or culled out from a flock. ‘Draught 
ewes,’ In parts of England these are called cw//s. 1894 
Times 30 July 12/2 Draft ewes made up to 88s. per head. 

. 1879 E. Garrett House by Works II. 153 This was 
but a draft will, partly filled up. 1891 Law Times XC. 
420/1 How unreal is the publicity afforded by laying draft 
rules upon the table in Parliament. 

Draft (draft), v. [f. prec. sb. Formerly spelt 
Draveut, which is still retained in some senses.] 

1. trans. To draw off or out and remove (a party 
of persons, animals, or things) from a larger body 
for some special duty or purpose. Chiefly in A777. 
use, and in Stock-farming : see quots. 

(1714-1868 see Draucut v. 1.] 

I Lond. Gaz. No. 6309/2 The .. Corps out of which 
they have been drafted. 1833 Hr. Martineau Charmed 
Sea i, 6 Taddeus .. had been drafted into one of the con- 
demned regiments. 1847 ¥rnd. R. Agric. Soc. VIII. 1. 3 
Many exceedingly good animals are drafted in consequence 
of some little want of uniformity. .It is not uncommon with 
the ram-breeders to draft the whole produce from a sheep 
that has disappointed them. 1857 Rocers Pref to Adam 
Smith's W. N.1.7 Promising young Scotchmen are yearly 
drafted/off to complete their studies at Oxford. 

b. More generally : To draw off or away. 

1742 Fiecoinc ¥. Andrews iv. i, All her rents had been 
drafted to London, without a shilling being spent among 
them. a@1875 Carpenter in Croll Climate § 7. ix. 164 
The cold and dense polar water. .will not directly take the 
place of that which has been drafted off from the surface. 

2. To make a draft or rough copy of (a docu- 
ment); to draw up in a preliminary form, which 
may be afterwards perfected. Rarely draught. 

1828 in WessTeR, 1828 J. W. Croker Diary 11 July, The 
Duke .. read me a letter .. which he had drafted. 18 
Dixon 7wo Queens I. 1. ix. 168 The Articles were drafte 
into form and signed. 1878 SeEtrey Ste7n I. 456 It is not 
draughting a Bill, but passing it, that is the difficulty. 

3. Masonry. To cut a draught (or draft) on a 
stone: see also DRAUGHT z. 4. 

1878 [see Drart sd. 6]. 1890 Sayce in Contemp. Rev. 431 
The stones of the glacis..are drafted. 1891 din. Rev. 
yely 110 Megalithic masonry occurs on the Mole at Sidon, 

ut it is not drafted. 

Hence Drafted Z//. a. 

Bi Brack Green Past. iii, Sorte drafted bills. 1878 
C. R, Conner Jentwork Pal. 1. 352 Drafted masonry. 
3894 Forum Oct. 153 Drafted or pre-announced oratory. 

Draft, obs. form of Drarr. 

Drafter (dra-ftoz). [f, prec. vb.] One who drafts. 

i. A man employed in drafting animals. 

1829 Sporting Mag. XXIII. 397 It is the business of the 
drafter to coax and encourage the unwilling [hounds] to 
him. 1890 Botprewoon Col. Reformer xviii. 227 [Cattle] 
keeping the drafters incessantly popping at the fence by 
truculent charges. 

2. One who drafts or draws up a document. 

(1884 Fortn, Rev. Mar. 393 The drafters of the Constitu- 
tion. 1892 Pall Mall G. 1 Feb. 2/1 The promoters and 
drafters of the Albert Charter. 

“fting, v/. sb. [f. Drarr v.+-1ne1.] The 


Dra’ 
action of the verb DRaFt (in various senses). 

1878 Servey Stein I. 456 Between the draughting of the 
Emancipating Edict, and the makingit law. 1884 BotprE- 
wooo Melbourne Mem, x. 72 Separating our cattle .. b 
drafting through the yard, or by ‘cutting out’. 1891 Leeds 
Mercury 2 May 6/7 The unskilful drafting of the bill. 

attrib, 1884 Botprewoop Melbourne Mem. x. 72 We.. 
armed ourselves with drafting sticks. 1890 — Col. Reformer 
(1891) 217 Hitherto he had seen in drafting-yards only men 
used to managing breeding cattle. 1893 Daily News 15 
Apr. 3/6 [He] submitted it to the drafting master, as well as 
to experts at the Treasury. 1894 /é/d. 17 Feb. 5/5 One or 
two von erating amendments having been agreed to. 

OL. . - 


1769 Burke Corr. (1844) I. | 


633 


Dra-‘ftman, rare. = DRAFTSMAN I. 

1889 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. 11. 218 Draftman's tracing 
paper. 

Draftsman (dra‘ftsmén). [Another spelling 
of DrauvcuTsMaN.] 1. One who makes, or whose 
business it is to make, drawings or designs. 

1663 GerBier Counsel Gja, Good Draufts-men do express 
..what is to be built in Brick by a Red Line, what with 
Stone white. 1797 Monthly Mag. III. 223 Mr. Alexander, 
Draftsman to the late Chinese Brabassy, will .. publish..a 
series of Plates, on the Costume of China. 1851 Ord. & 
Regul. R. Engineers § 16. 62 Where there is no Draftsman, 
the Junior Officer. .is to attend to the .. arrangement of all 
Plans and Models, in the Engineer Drawing Room. 

2. One who drafts or draws up a document, 
esp. a ‘legal document or a parliamentary bill or 
clause. 

1759 Frankiin ss. Wks. 1840 III. 179 The draftsman 
hath assured us, that no power. .is comprised in that charter 
but what was the proprietary’s direction. 1884 Sir H. 
Corton in Law Rep. 26 Ch. Div. 99 The draftsman has 
framed this declaration of trust awkwardly. 

Hence Dra‘ftsmanship = DRAUGHTSMANSHIP. 

1882 TRraiLt Sterne vi. 89 Sketches of travel. .surpassed in 


" vigour and freedom of peatespaneniph by the Sentimental 


Journey. 1885 Law Times UXXIX. 171/2 Faulty drafts- 
manship and highly technical construction. 

+ Dra‘fty, 2. Obs. 

[In several places drafty is a proved misprint or misreading 
for Drasrty, ‘of the nature of refuse, dreggy’, and possibly 
the whole word originated in such misreading, which it was 
subsequently attempted to explain by association with 
Drarr or with DrauGur sé. 45, 46: see DraucHty 3. 
Scott’s use, quot. 1823, is app. after an ed. of Chaucer 
with drafty erroneously for dvasty in Prod. to Melibeus.) 

Of the nature of refuse or garbage; rubbishy, 
worthless ; filthy, vile. 

1583 StanyHurst Zneis Ded. (Arb.) 9 Skauingers of 
draftie poetrye .. that bast theyre papers with smearie 
larde. 1597-8 Br. Hatt Sav. v. li, Drafty, sluttish geere, 
Fit for the oven, or the kitchen fire. 1602 2nd Pt. Neturn 
Jr. Parnass.1.ii.195 So long As drafty ballats to the paile 
are song. 1823 Scotr Romance Ess. (1874) 105 The poems 
which they recited were branded as ‘drafty rhymings ’. 

Drag (dreg), v. Also 5-6 dragge. [Not known 
before 15th c. A derivative of OK. dragan, or ON. 
draga (Sw. draga, Da. drage) to Draw. Perh. a 
special northern dialect-form in which the g has 
been preserved instead of forming a diphthong 
with the prec. a, as in English generally: cf. Jos. 
Wright, Dialect of Windhill 102. Seealso Drucv.*] 

I. 1. ¢vans. To draw or pull (that which is heavy 
or resists motion); to haul; hence to draw with 
force, violence, or roughness; to draw slowly and 
with difficulty; to trail (anything) along the ground 
or other surface, where there is friction or resistance. 

c31440 Promp. Parv. 130'1 Draggyn or drawyn, trajicio. 
1s7o Levins Manip. 10/17 Vo Drag, extraherc. 1593 
Suaks. 2 Hen. VJ, 1. iii. 14 The bodies shall be dragg’d at 
my horse heeles. 1611 Bisse ¥ohn xxi. 8 The other dis- 
ciples came. .dragging the net with fishes. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 
vi. 260 The arch foe subdu’d Or Captive drag’d in Chains, 
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 244 Aligators .. dragg’d him to 
the Bottom, and there devour’d him, 1849 Macaucay Hist, 
Eng. 1. 315 Dragging a ponderous equipage over the rugged 
pavement, 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V.1. x. 124 To drag 
him off as a prisoner. 1896 Dazly News 9 June 9/6 A ‘shot’ 
tint .. is produced by sparsely ‘dragging’ a little colour 
over the surface. 

b. Said of moving the body or limbs with diffi- 
culty, or of allowing a member to trail. 

1583 Gotbinc Calvin on Deut. xviii. 105 We dragge our 
winges after vs as they say. 1697 DrypEen Virg. Georg. 111. 
644 [The Snake] retires. -He drags his Tail. 1735 Somer- 
VILLE Chase 11. 146 His Brush he drags, And sweeps the 
mire impure. 1837 W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville 11. 228 
So reduced that they could scarcely drag themselves along. 
1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. i, 24 Four wretched animals, 
wha. can hardly drag themselves. Zod. I could scarcely 
drag one foot after the other. 

ce. Naut. To drag the anchor: ‘To trail the 
anchor along the bottom after it is loosened from 
the ground, by the effort of the wind or current 
upon the ship.’ (Crabb, 1823.) 

1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 11 The wind turned to 
North-west and west, and the single Anchor was dragg’d by 
the Ship. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 340 [We] threw out our 
Anchors .. but the Wind increasing, we dragg’d’em. 1769 
Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), To drag the Anchors, implies 
the effort of making the anchor come home, when the violence 
of the wind, &c. strains the cable. 

a. zntr. for refl.= passive. ‘ 

1839 Marryat Phant. Ship xxiii, The anchorstill dragged, 
from. .bad holding-ground. 

2. fig: Said of other than physical force, or 
local motion. Zo drag tn (znto), to introduce 
(a subject) in a forced manner, or unnecessarily. 

1596 Suaks. 1 Hen. IV, 1. iii. 1g What impediments Drag 
backe our expedition, x611 — Wint. T. 1. ii. 24 My 
Affaires Doe euen drag me home-ward. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
Georg. 1v. 716 Dragg'd back again by cruel Destinies, 1725 
Warts Logic u. ii. § 4 (3) A writer of great name drags 
a thousand followers after him into his own mistakes. 1853 
Bricut Sf. /ndia 3 June, Everything that could possibly 
be dragged into the case, 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong, 
(1876) IT. vii. 4 His habit of dragging in the most irrelevant 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 479 His pleasure is 
to drag words this way and that. 1876 F. E, TrotLorr 
Charming Fellow V1. ix. 124 To know why she must be 
dragged out to these people’s stupid parties. 


DRAG. 


3. intr. To hang behind with a retarding ten- 
dency ; to lag in the rear. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clxxix. 176 That none shuld 
dragge or tary after his hoost. 1526 Pilgr. Perxf.(W.de W. 
1531) 108 They yt draggeth behynde & goth but slowly for- 
ward in y® iourney of perfeccion. 1530 PatsGr. 526/1 ‘Thou 
draggest alwayes, tu fais tonsjours la queue. 

b. To lag behind in singing or playing. 

?.a1800 [see DraGcER 1]. 1526 he Draccine v7. sé]. 
1863 Sfectator 4 July 2203/1 The chorus .. ‘dragged’ un- 
mistakeably in one or two passages. J/od. ‘The quartet 
was not sung in time, the tenor dragged. 

4. intr. To trail, to hang with its weight, while 
moving or Leing moved ; to move with friction on 
the ground or surface. 

1666 Perys Diary 12 June, Only for a long petticoat 
dragging under their men’s coats, nobody could take them 
for women. 1697 Drypen 2 neid vi. 753 Of sounding 
lashes, and of dragging chains. 1703 T. N. City § C. Pur- 
chaser 129 In Architecture, a Door is said to drag, when 
in opening and shutting it hangs upon the Floor. 1703 
Moxon Mech. Exerc. 155 Yoraise the Door that it drag not. 
1820 SHELLEY Orpheus 108 Elms, dragging along the twisted 
vines. 1820 Hazguitr Lect. Dram. Lit. 119 ‘here is the 
least colour possible used ; the pencil drags. 1896 Daily 
News 23 July 8/5 The overturned coach dragged along the 
permanent way, and suffered considerable damage. 

5. trans. To protract or continue tediously ; 
usually drag on. Also to drag out, to protract to 
a tedious end. 

1697 Drypen neid u. 877 ’Tis long since I.. have 
dragg'd a ling’ring life. @1z7x0 E. J. Smit (J.), Oh; can 
I drag a wretched life without him? 1842 A. Combe 
Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 315 Dragging out a painful exist- 
ence. 1865 TRoLtore Belton Est, xxvi. 308 The events of 
the day drag themselves on tediously in such a country 
house. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 488 [It] dragged on a 
wretched existence for some centuries. 1892 Black & White 
2 Apr. 424/2 Like too many vocalists. .[he| ‘dragged’ certain 
passages until all sense of time was lost. 

6. intr. To advance or progress slowly and pain- 
fully ; to be tediously protracted; to become tedious 
by protraction. Zo drag on, along: to go on with 
painful or wearisome protraction. 

1735 Pore Ef. Lady 29 Long open panegyrick drags at 
best. 1795 Soutney Its. Martd Orleans 111. 2g0 He shall 
not drag Forlorn and friendless, along life’s long path. 1816 
Byron Ch, Har. ut. xxxii, The day drags through though 
storms keep out the sun. 1830 /-xaminer 472/2 He .. con- 
tinued to drag round the course till he had made sixty-five 
circuits. 186: HuGues Zom Brown at Oxf. i. (1889) 5 
A correspondence .. had already lasted through the long 
vacation.. without sensibly dragging. 

II. To use or put a drag to. 

7. trans. To draw some contrivance over the 
bottom of (a river, etc.), so as to bring up any 
loose matter ; to dredge; to sweep with a drag- 
net; to search by means of a drag or grapnel as 
for the body of a person drowned. Also fig. 

1577 in W. H. Turner Sedect. Rec. Oxford 392 Such free- 
men .. shall .. scoure, clense, and dragge .. all the ryvers. 
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Draguer Pancre, to 
drag, or sweep the bottom, for an anchor which is lost, 
1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hunt. Life (1826) u. i 
After having dragged the whole neighbourhood for every 
man, woman and child. 1847 TENNyson Princ. 1v, 136 While 
I dragg’d my brains for such a song. 

b. absol. To use a grapnel or drag; to use a 


drag-net ; to dredge. 

1530 Pascr. 526/1 Cannest thou dragge for fysshe, scays ¢7 
bien pescher pour les poyssons? 1630 in Descr. Thames 
1758) 77 No Draggerman that..doth use to drag for 

hrimps. 1768 G. Wasuincton IV/r7t. (1889) I]. 241 Went 
to my Plantation..and dragd for Sturgeon & catchd one, 
1790 Trans. Soc. Arts VIL. 84 Bricks are said to be some- 
times raised by the fishermen dragging off this coast. 1867 
Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk. s.v. Creeper, A small grapnel ., 
for dragging for articles dropped overboard. 

ec. trans. To catch with a drag-net or dredge. 

1698 Fryer Acc, £. India & P.49 This is the place where 
they drag Pearl. 1737 Pore Hor. Efist. t. vi. 113 Go drive 
the Deer, and drag the finny prey, 

8. To break up (the surface of lands, clods, etc.) 


with a drag or heavy harrow. 

ax1722 Lis-e Observ. Hush. (1757) rot Ground which I had 

loughed, thwarted and dragged. 1828 Wesster, Drag 2. 
To break land by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to 
harrow ; a common use of the word in New-England. 1846 
¥Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. V1.1. 51 The lands are dragged with 
a heavy crab-harrow. : 

9. To put a drag upon (wheels or vehicles) ; to 
retard as by a drag. 

1829 Soutney Lett. IV. 156 Our endeavours must be to 
drag the wheels. 1884 Law Times 6 Dec. 97 The wheels 
of the waggons were chained and breaks applied, and these 
dragged wheels wore the road more rapidly. : ; 

+10. Criminal slang. To rob vehicles. Cf. 
Drac sb, 8a, DRAGGER 3. Obs. . 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Dragsman, a thief who 
follows the game of dragging. 

III, 11. collog. To drag up: to rear roughly 
or without delicacy: to bring up ‘anyhow’. 
axzjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Drageg'd up, as the 
Rakes call it, educated or brought up. 1802 M. Moore 
Lascelles 11. 5 Lavinia .. has been wretchedly dragged up 
by the old curate. 1826 Lams £/ia Ser, 11. Pop. Fallacies, 
Poor people .. do not bring up their children; they drag 
them up. 1867 ¥rnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. u. UI. 1. 532 
They must be tenderly reared and not ‘dragged up’, as 
the saying is. 
80* 


“ 


DRAG. 


12. Zo drag along, on: see 6; drag in: see 2; 
drag on, out: see 5. 
Hence Dragged (draegd), pp/. a.; esp. (collog.) in 


sense Pealy exhausted’; also dragged out. 
165r H. More 2nd Lash in Enthus. Tri. (1656) 195 The 
of 1856 LowELt 


disjoynted limbs dragg’d Hippolytus. 
Lett. (1894) L. 374, I needed some more pungent food in my 
rather dragged-out condition. 1884 en 9) 1893 R. 
Kweiinc Many Invent. 21 The seafog rolled back from the 
cliffs in trailed wreaths and dragged patches. 

Drag (dreg), sb. Also 4-7 dragge, 6-7 drage. 
See also Drue sd.2 [mainly f. Drac v. ; but some 
of the applications may have been originally intro- 
duced from other langs.: cf. MLG. dragge drag- 
anchor, grapnel, Sw. dragg grapnel, creeper, drag- 
not drag-net.] 

1. Something heavy that is used by being dragged 
along the ground or over a surface. 

a. A heavy kind of harrow used for breaking up 
ground or breaking clods; a drag-harrow. 

1388-9 Abingdon Acc. (Camden) 57, ij draggis cum 
dentibus ferreis. 1533 ij Stevarp in Weaver Wedl/s Wills 
(1890) 48 My dragge, olde plowe beme, my yokes and my 
ropes. 1552 Hutoet, Dragge or instrument of husbandry 
with yron teeth to breake cloddes, some do cal it an 
harrowe. 1682 J. Cottins Making of Salt 15 Then the 
Earth appears in Clods, which they Harrow, and bring on 
a Drag, anda Rowle. 1821 DwicHt 7rav. II. 465 A large 
and strong harrow; here called a drag, with very stout iron 
teeth. 1875 A. Smit ist. Aberdeensh. 11. 1120 The drag 
can easily be converted into a harrow, simply by changing 
the tines. 

+b. A float or raft for conveyance of goods by 
water : see quot. 1607. Ods. 

2a1400 Morte Arth. 3616 Dresses dromowndes and 
dragges, and drawene upe stonys. 1431 dct 9 Hen. V/, 
c. 5 En Flotes autrement appellez dragges [164 c. trans/., 
flotes commonly called dragges)]. 1607 Cowett /aterpr., 
Drags seem to be wood or timber so joyned together, as 
swimming ..upon the water, they may bear a. . load. 

e. An overland conveyance without wheels; a 
rough kind of sledge: see Dray}, and cf. DruGsb.* 

1576 Act 18 Eltz. c. 10 § 4, Sleades, carres, or drags, 
furnished for..repairing..high wayes. 1611 Cotcr., Train 
..a sled, a drag or dray without wheeles. 1750 R. Pococke 


Trav. (1888) 135 They have drags for drawing up the side 
of steep fields. 1884 Century Mag. Jan. 446/2 Two skids 
fastened together make a‘drag’, or ‘sledge’. 1895 Carr. 


Kinc Under Fire 452 The Indian households were piling 
their goods and chattels. .on travois and drag of lodge-poles. 

da. Akind of vehicle ; the application has varied, 
and it is often not distinguished from a drake or 
Break; but in strict English use, applied to a 
private vehicle of the type of a stage coach, usually 
drawn by four horses, with seats inside and on 
the top. Cf. also DRAGSMAN I. 

1755 Jounson, Drag ..a kind of car drawn by the hand. 
r8r2 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Drag, acart. 1820 Sporting 
Mag. V1. 79 The prads are put to, and the drag is shoved 
forward. 1825 C. M. Westmacort Eng. Spy I. 86 Since 
she put down her tandem drag. 1837 THackeray Ravens- 
wing iii. (1887) 173 Behind her came .. a drag, or private 
stage-coach, with four horses. /é/d., The man on the drag- 
box said to the bugleman, ‘Now!’ 1865 Derby Mercu 
1 Mar., A horse-breaker’s drag or break. 1885 Manch. 
Exam, 3 June 5/4 The fine turnout of the Blues in their 
handsome drag at Hyde Park. 

2. Something used to drag or pull a weight or 
obstruction. +a. A hook or the like with which 
anything is dragged or forcibly pulled. Ods. 

1483 Cath. Angl. 106/2 A Drag, arpax, luppus, trudes. 
1577 Frameton Joyful News 1. (1596) 2 It is taken out of 
the Sea in great peeces with a dragge of Iron. 1610 
Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 78 The executioner prepared 
dragges and tortures. 1783 Atxswortu Lat, Dict. (Morell) 
ur, Uncus..A drag, or iron hook, to drag traitors after 
execution about the streets. 1789 G. Vassa Life (1793) 357 
Leg-bolts, drags, thumb-screws. .instruments of torture. 

b. A Dpac-net. 

1481-90 Howard Househ, Bks. (Roxb.) 192 The. .netter.. 
had sent..a dragge of viij, fadom. c1sgo Curxe Matt. 
iv. 18 Peter, and Andrew his broother, casting a drag into 
y® see. x61r Biste Had, i. 15 They catch them in their 
net, and gather them in their drag. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
Georg. 1. 214 Casting Nets were spread in shallow Brooks, 
Drags in the Deep. 1867 F. Francis Angling i. (1880) 13 
A drag with a coil of strings is serviceable, 

e. An apparatus for cleaning out and deepening 
the beds of rivers, etc.; a dredging apparatus ; 
also for collecting oysters from the bed. 

1611 MS. Acc. St. Fohn's Hosp., Canterb., For mending 
of the dyche dragg iiij4, 1769 Fatconer Dict, Marine 
(1789), Drague, a drag, or instrument to clear the bottom 
of rivers and canals; also to catch oysters. H. 
Rocers Fs. 1. iv. 162 His huge drag had brought up all 
sorts of fragments of antiquity. 

d. An apparatus for recovering objects from the 
bottom of rivers or pools; esp. for recovering the 
bodies of drowned persons. 

(1877-87 Hotixsnep Chron, Scot., Malcolme an. 1034 (R.) 
Howbeit their bodies were afterwards drawne foorth of the 
loch with drags.] nope feeehy Mag. 163 The Lancashire 
Humane Society .. [has] stations .. where the sets of 
apparatus, cases, d ah &c, belonging to the 
society, are establish 1804 7rans, Soc. Arts XXII. 15 
Premium offered by the Society of Arts for a che: 


portable drag .. for the pu of taking up. .the ies of 
persons who have sunk under water. 1894 DoyLe A/em. S. 
Holmes 10g We had the drags at once, and set to work to 
recover the remains, 


634 


e, Applied to certain agricultural implements, 
as a dung-drag or muck-rake, and an implement 
with two curving claws for pulling up turnips, etc. 

3798 Hull Advertiser des my Striking him on the 
head with a dung d. ii R. Agric. Soc. YX. 1 
501 Turnips .. are pul! we or* uliar drag, or ‘hack’, 
as it is provincially called. x Moore & Masters Zit. 
Gardening 118 The drag is..a light three-pronged tool, 
..used for |] ing the soil g: -getable crops. 

8. Something that drags, or hangs heavily, so as 
to impede motion. a. Naut. (see quot.). 
wt sg engyli Pach Dig epee oe = a gd 

jinders sailing. HAMBERS . Supp., ; 
1867 in Smytu ‘Satlor’s Word bk. - 

. A drag-anchor (see 9). 

1874 in KniGut Dict, Mech. 

e. A device for retarding the rotation of the 
wheels of a vehicle when descending a hill; es. 
an iron shoe to receive the wheel and cause friction 
on the ground. 

1 Trans. Soc. Arts XIII. 254 A Drag to prevent the 
Accidents .. to Horses drawing load s down steep 
Hills. 1796 T. Twininc Trav. A mer. (1894) 63 The w: 
descended at a great rate, for .. it was not provided with a 
drag to keep it back. c184a Syp. Smitu Let. to Ld. F. 
Russell Wks. 1859 11. 300/1 Gently down hill. Put on the 
drag. 1863 Mrs. C. Crarke Shaks. Char. vi. 142 The drag 
that dishonesty claps upon the wheel of their conduct. 

Jig. A heavy obstruction to progress. 

1857 Mrs. Matuews 7¢ea-7. Talk I. 106 There's that drag 
of a husband. 1885 ///ustr. Lond. News 9 May 492/2, 
I find it a drag upon me. 1892 ZanGwitt Bow Myst. 141 
In short, she was a drag on his career. 

+4. A person employed to drag in or gather 
followers. Oés. 

1663 Heatu Chron. (ed. 2) 732 Some young men, and 
apprentices whom his drags had trepanned. 

5. In various technical applications : see quots. 

1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Butld. 338 Drag, a thin plate 
of steel indented on the edge .. used in working soft stone. 
[See 1876 in DraccinG.] 1864 Wesster, Drag. .(Founding) 
The bottom part of a flask ;—called also drag-box. 1874 
Ksicut Dict. Alech., Drag .. The carriage on which a 
log is dogged in a veneer saw-mill. 1881 Raymonp J/ining 
Gloss. s.v., The mould having been prepared in the two parts 
of the flask, the cope is put upon the drag before casting. 

6. Hunting. a. The line of scent left by a fox, 
etc.; the trail; sfec. as in quot. 1888. 

[a 1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Drag, a Fox's Tail [? read 
Trail]. So in Phillips, Bailey, Dyche, etc.] 1735 Somer- 
vite Chase 1. 47 Hark! on the Drag I hear Their 
doubtful Notes, preluding to a Cry More nobly full. 2741 
Compl. Fam. Piece i. i. 295 As the Drag or Trail mends, 
cast off more Dogs that you can confide in. 1858 Lp. 
Ravenswortu //orace Odes 1. i, His bloodhounds snuff the 
drag Of timid hind or antlered stag. 1888 E-wortuy W. 
Sou, Word-bk., Drag, in fox-hunting, the line of scent 
where a fox has been during the previous night, before he 
is found and started by the pack. 

b. Any strong-smelling thing drawn along the 
ground, so as to leave a scent for animals ; esp. for 
hounds to follow, instead of a fox. 

1841 J. T. Hewretr Parish Clerk 1. 145 Will advised 
that his stockings should be well rubbed with oil of aniseed, 
and the hounds let out to run him as a ‘drag’. 1843 
Lever ¥. Hinton xxi, He was always ready to carry a drag, 
to stop an earth. 1856 C. J. Anpersson Lake Ngami 127 
(In trapping hyenas] A ‘drag’ consisting of tainted flesh, 
or other offal, is trailed from different points .. directly u 
to the ‘toils’, 1888 E.wortuy W, Som. Word-bk, 208 k 
red-herring or a ferret's bed are the commonest d used. 

ec. The hunt or chase with hounds following 
such a line of scent; a club or association for the 
prosecution of this sport. 

1851 Eureka; a sequel to Lord F. Russell's Post Bag 21 
The necessity of keeping up the Drag [at Oxford]. 1869 
W. Brapwoop T7he O. V. a¥. (Farmer) He subscribed to 
the drag at Oxford. 1881 A/orning Post 2g Sept. 5/5 The 
hounds. .form two packs, one of harriers, the other Fat drag. 

7. The action or fact of dragging ; slow, heavy, 
impeded motion; forcible motion or progress 
against resistance. 

1813 W. Beattie Zales 34 (Jam.) haber» fe naething but 
adrag. We hae sae short daylight. 1826 Examiner 559/1 
The first stage .. was ..a miserable drag through mud and 
holes. 1859 Gutiick & Timas Paint. 112 The ‘drag’ of the 
brush being evident. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. The 
strain produced by the ‘drag’ of the bobbin whilst 

n. 1887 in Darwin's Lik Lett. 1, 144 He. .gave one 
the impression of working with pleasure, and not with any 
drag. 1891 Atheneum 26 Dec. 859/1 The book is good and 
refined; there is no drag about it. . ; 

b. The amount by which anything drags or 
hangs behind in its motion. 

1864 Wenster, Drag .. (Marine Engin.), the difference 
between the speed of a screw-ship under sail and that of 
the screw when the ship outruns the screw, 

ce. Billiards. Retarded motion given to the 
cue-ball. 

1873 Bennett & Cavennisu Billiards 194 Drag is put on 
by striking the ball as low as possible, No 1 strength. i 

8. Criminal slang. +. Robbery of vehicles 
(obs.). b. A term of three months in gaol. 

1781 G. Parker View Soc. I. 151 Rum Drag. 1812 

: H. Vaux Flash Dict., The drag, is the game of rob- 

ing carts, waggons, or iages ., of trunks, or 
any other property. Done te a drag, signifies convicted 
for a robbery of the before-mentioned nature. 1851 MayvHew 
Lond. Labour 1. 233 (Hoppe! Sometimes they are detected, 
and get a drag. 1891 Daily News 20 Nov. 6/4 Men who 
had actually served terms of servitude, ‘drags’ or 


*sixes', as they were called, for their offences, 


DRAGGER. — 


9. attrib. and Comb., as drag-boat, -cart, -harrow, 
-horse, -hunt (cf. DRaG-HOUND), -man, -rope, 
-weight; Adrag-anchor, see quot., a drift-anchor ; 
drag-bar, -bolt, -chain, -hook, -spring, those 
by which locomotive engines, tenders, and trucks 
are connected ; drag-box, (a) see 1 d, quot. 1837 ; 
(4) see 5, quot. 1864; drag-link, drag-rake, see 
quots.; drag-saw, a saw in which the effective 
stroke is given in the pull, not in the thrust; 
drag-sheet = drag-anchor; drag-twist, see quot.; 
drag-washer, in a gun iage, a flat iron ring 
having an iron loop to which the drag-rope is 
attached. Also DRAG-CHALN, -HOOK, -HOUND, -NET, 
-ROPE, -STAFF, DRAGSMAN. F 

Kuicut Dict. Mech.,* Drag-anchor,a frame of 

spars clothed with sails, attached to a hawser, 
thrown overboard to drag in the water and diminish the 
lee-way of a vessel when drifting, or to keep the head of 
a rnd ee — eee sails or 
rudder, - BEALE Dict. Terms, 7, a strong 
iron rod with akon at each end, po die 3 a locomotive 
engine and tender by means of the *drag-bolt and spring. 
1891 Daily News 4 Feb. 3/5 Sixteen more [bodies] were 
recovered by a *drag-boat. 1849-so WeaLe Dict. Terms, 
* Drag-hook and chain, the strong chain and hook attached 
to the front of the engine buffer-bar, to connect it on to any 
other locomotive engine or tender; also attached to the 
drag-bars of goods waggons. 1611 Cotcr., Cheval de 
traict, a *drag-horse, draught-horse, cart-horse, coach- 
horse. 1750 Euuis Mod. Husbandman 11. i. 49 The 

.. harrow them in with one single *drag-harrow, ast call 
it. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sfonge's Sp. Tour vii. 32 * 
hunting..is not popular with sportsmen. 1 WEALE 
Dict. F, rms, * Drag-link, a link for connecting the cranks 
of two shafts..in marine engines. 1678 Hace Hist. Placit. 
Cor. xiv. § 7 (T.) The great riots, committed by the 
foresters and Welsh on the *dragmen of Severn, hewing 
all their boats to pieces. 1760 in NV. § Q. (1887) 17 Sept. 226 
‘Great Rakes’.. are now come in general use among the 
farmers, and are called *drag-rakes, 1829 GLovEeR Gist. 
Derby 1, 188 The large drag-rake.. for raking after the cart 
in hay and corn harvest. 1 Weare Dict. Terms, 
* Drag-spring, a strong spring placed near the back of the 
tender. 188r Raymonp A/ining Gloss., *Drag-twist, a 
spiral hook at the end of a rod, for cleaning re-holes. 
1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 172 When a 
carriage is dismounted, all the small articles, such as 
elevating-screws, linch-pins, *drag-washers, cap-squares, 
&c. must be carefully collected. 

Draga(u)nce, etc., variants of Dracons, Ods. 

+ Dra‘gant. Os. Also 3-7 dragagant. [a. 
OF. dragant, dragagant, ad. late L. tragacanthum, 
(also dragantum), a. Gr. tparyaxay6a astragalus.] 
A gum; =Tracacantu. Also called gum dragon, 
and formerly ADRAGANT. 

c1265 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 559/23 Dragagantum, i, 
dragagant. 1542 Boorpe Dyetary re 
Dragagant, and gumme Arabycke. pp ene Gaz. No 
3983/4 The Cargo..Gum Arabeck, Gum Dragant..&c. 

Drag-chain (-t{/#n). : : 

1. A chain used to retard the motion of a vehicle; 
esp. ‘a strong chain, with a large hook to hitch on 
the hind wheel, and keep it from tuming when 
descending a hill’ (Felton Carriages, 1801). 

a179t Warton in Boswell ¥ohnson an. 1754 (Visit Oxford) 
He cried out ‘Sufflamina’., as much as to say, ‘Put on 
your drag chain’, 1829 Grover Hist. Derby i. 188 On 
arriving at the top of a steep hill, the carter takes off all 
his trace horses, and hooks them to the drag chain behind. 
Jig. 1830 Gex. P, Tnompson E-rerc. (1842) 1. 276 The 
minister whose melancholy duty it is to act as a drag-chain 
upon the progress of liberal ideas. Lytton Alice mt. 
viii, To che from my wheels the drag-chain of disreputable 
debt. a1871 Grote Plato Pref. (1875) 9 The perpetual 
drag-chain . .upon free speculation. 

2. The = chain by which railway wagons, 
etc. are coupled: see DraG sd, 9. 

Dragdom: see -poM. 

Drage, var. of Drepcer 55.2 

|| Dragée (draze). Also erron, dragé. [F. = 
sweetmeat, comfit; see DrepcE sé.*] ‘A sugar 
plum or swectmeat in the centre of which is a 
drug ; intended for the more pleasant administra- 
tion of medicinal substances’ (Syd. Soc, Lex.). 

1866 Pharmaceut. Frni. Ser. u. VII. y+ A medicine 
called Cod-liver Dragés. 1870 /éfd. XI. 543 On the 
Continent. .[they] keep genuine dragées of various strer 
. of rhubarb, aloes, and other simple and compound 

Dragence, variant of Dracons, Ods. 

lj eoir (dragwar). [F. = comfit-box; cf. 
Dracke.] A sweetmeat-box; cf. dredge-box, and 
Drepeer 2, 

1861 ers —_ Home R oe ee ofa 
placed three eoirs of go! sure 
3785/2 The eaqueles or comfit boxes, full of 

fectionery, were passed about. 

+ Dra: e. Obs. rare—. [f. DRAG v. + 
-AGE.) The action or work of d ng. 

x61 Corcr., 7irage, draggage ; or a drawing, haling, 
pulling. Ibid., Droit de trage, draggage; or a toll, or 
fee for Dragg: ¢ (of salt or wine) due vnto some Lords. 
Dragge, ye, variants of DREDGE sé.2 


Dragger (drego1). [f. Drac v. +-ER}.] 


rag- 


ueen were 
‘our June 
perfumed 


1. One who d : in various senses of the vb. 
?.a1500 in Audelay's Poems (Percy Soc.) Notes 85 fangler 
cum jasper, lepar, LORIO, 


per quoque, -, 
Oncimatore, a er or a a ore, 
a puller, a drawer, a tugger, or a ~ 1724 Session 


DRAGGING. 


Minutes in Cramond Ch. of Rathven 60 Anent the ware 
d ers, there being ane act against dragging ware on 
Sabbath. 1854 Bapuam /aiieut. 4 [It] Resists each pull, 
and ‘gainst the dragger, drags. 

2. spec. a. One who uses a drag or dredge. b. 
A street-seller of small wares. 

1887 Pall Mall G. 23 Aug. 8/2 Even when the tide was 

uite down, the draggers encountered almost insuperable 
ifficulties. 1896 Darly News 26 Feb. 6/3 These men.. 
technically termed ‘draggers’, frequent the City, and. .are 
to be found cheek by jowl with the greatest children of 
commerce. 

+ 3. One who robs vehicles : cf. Drac sd. 8. slang. 
zx G. Parker View Soc. I. 151. 2 

Combé., as + draggerman, one who fishes with 


a drag-net. ie . - 

1630 in Descr. Thames (1758) 77 [see Drac v. 7 b]. 
Dragges, obs. f. drugs, dregs: see Drug, Drec. 
Dragging (dre-giy), vd/. sb. [f Drag v.+ 
-ING iF 


The action of Drag v. in various 
senses, 


c1440 Promp. Parv. 130/1 Draggynge, or drawynge, 
tractus. 1826 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 158 b, In the 
psalmody & hymnes..Begin al at ones, & ende all at 
ones .. beware of tayles or draggynge. 1639 FuLLER Holy 
War 1. xx. (1647) 143. Mens consciences are more moved 
with leading then dragging or drawing. 1768 G. WASHINGTON 
Writ. (1889) 11. 241 Went a dragging for sturgeon. 1840 
R. H. Dana Bef, Mast xiii. 31 The ship. .rode out the gale 
in safety, without dragging at all. 1876 Gwitt Excyct. 
Archit. Gloss., Dragging, the operation of completing the 
surface of soft stone by means of an instrument called a 
drag, a thin plate of steel with fine teeth on one edge, 
moved backwards and forwards by the workman. 

b. concr. The produce of dragging. 

1893 Daily News 21 pene 6/1 Scarce .. equal to the drag- 
gings of a decent hay field. 

Dragging, #//.a. [f. as prec. + -ING *.] 
That drags: in various senses of the vb. 

1775 S. J. Pratt Lib, Opinions (1783) I. 158 The road.. 
de hatte and dragging. 1787 Map. D’Arstay Diary 
1s Aug., [Mrs. Siddons] In face and person, truly noble.. 
in voice, deep and dragging. 1883 Manch. Exam. 14 Dec. 
4/6 A dull and dragging market. 

Hence Dra‘ggingly adv. 

1886 Miss Broucuton Dv. Cufid III. i. 18 Her words .. 
come draggingly, with a little break between each. 

gle (dre'g’l),v. Also (5 ?drakel), 6-8 
dragle, 6-9 Sc. draigle. [Not certainly known 
before 16thc.; app. dim. and freq. of Drac v.: cf. 
waggle, and see -LE.] 

1. trans. To wet or befoul (a garment, etc.) by 
allowing it to drag through mire or wet grass, or 
to hang untidily in the rain; to make wet, limp, 
and dirty. ; 

{1499 Promp. Parv. 129/2 Drabelyn (drakelyn, Pyson), 
paludo, traunlimo ieee 1513 Douctas 4neis vu. Prol. 76 
Puire laboraris and byssy husband men Went wayt and 
wery draglyt in the fen. @1605 Montcomerte Flyting w. 
Polwart 361 Draiglit throw dirtie dubes and dykes. — 
Sonnets \xvi, Draiglit in dirt. 1773 Gotpsm. Stoops to 
Cong. v. (Globe) 672/2 Draggled up to the waist. 1837 
Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. vit. xi, The wet day draggles the 
tricolor. 1880 Wess Goethe's Faust Pref. ii. 18 If she falls, 
she is not draggled in the mire. 

+2. To drag or trail (through the dirt). Ods. 

1714 C. Jounson Country Lasses u. i, Here you have 
dragled me along way, 1723 State of Russia Il. 79 They 
take it by the Tail, and draggle it thrice round the Idol. 

8. intr. (for veft.) To trail (on the ground), hang 
trailing. So + to draggle it. 

© 1594 in Pollen Acts Eng. Martyrs (1891) 333 On the 
hurdle .. one of his legs draggled on the ground as he 
was drawn. c1660 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 300 
Masters gownes long, crating 00 the ground. 1775S. J. 
Pratr Lib. Opinions (1783) IV. 16 peo] drags es it on 
foot upon the polluted euch. 1815 Lapy GranviLLe Left. 
5 Sept. (1894) I. 78 Flounces draggling. 1859 Sir G. W. 
Dasent Pop. Tales fr. Norse 356 arch. -long wool, it hung 
down and draggled after him on the ground. . 

4. intr. To come on or follow slowly and in a 
straggling train, 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 477 The spies came 
dragling in after in base attire. a 1598 . Rotiock Wks, 
(Wodrow Soc.) II. xxxii. 389 He that draigled behind will 
be before thee. 1809 W. Irvine Axickerd. (1861) 209 With 
heavy hearts they draggled at the heels of his troop. 1878 
Bosw. Smita Carthage 205 Some beasts of burden which 
had lagged behind. .came draggling in one after the other. 

Hence Dra‘ggling v4/. sd, and al. a. 

a1598 R. Rottock Wks. (Wodrow .) II, xxxii. 389 
A draigling person. /déd., He or she that will persevere 
in draigling. 1 Butter Hud. 1. i. 449 His draggling 
tail hung in the dirt. 1840 THackERay Cruikshank (1869) 
304 My lady with the ermine tippet and draggling feather. 
1886 Manch. Exam. 6 Jan. 5/2 After the Speaker is chosen, 
several days will pass in draggling fashion, 

gle, sb. rare. [f. prec. vb.] 

1. The action of draggling. 

ay Soe Brooke os x. 330 The dull coarseness 
and the draggle of the last days of luxury and adultery. 

2. One who draggles. Sc. 

1806 Train Poet. Reverics 64 (Jam.) To her came a 
rewayl’d draggle. 

Draggled (dreg’ld), 247. a. [f. prec. +-ED 1.] 
Befouled with dragging through wet and mire. 

1513 (see Dracce v. 1]. 1699 Gartu Dispens. 11. (1700) 
23 The draggl'd Dignity of Scavenger. 1714 Gay 77ivia 
ul. 9 You'll see a draggled Damsel here and there, From 
Billingsgate her fishy Traffick bear. 1879 Froupe Cesar 
xiii, 183 A draggled trail of disreputables. ° 


635 


le-haired, 2. xonce-wd. [f. DRAGGLE 
v. and Harr, after draggle-tailed.] With hair 
hanging wet and untidy. 

1863 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. x, Draggle-haired, seamed 
with jealousy and anger. 

Draggle-tail (dreg'l\t@l). [f. DRacere v. 
+ Tai s6.] 

1. A draggle-tailed person; a woman whose 
skirts are wet and draggled, or whose dress hangs 
about her untidily and dirty ; a slut. 

1596 Nasne Saffron Walden 143 To see a. .draggell taile 
run her taile into a bushe of thornes. 1611 Srrep /is¢. Gt. 
Brit. 1x. xxiii. (1632) 1135 About twenty of those bemired 
Souldiers were slaine, and no other cry heard, but downe 
with the Draggle-tailes. 1725 Swirr £f. Corr. Wks. 1841 
II. 572 What a draggletail she will be before she gets to 
Dublin! 188x Besant & Rice Chafl. of Fleet u. iii, A 
well-dressed woman and a draggletail are all one to them. 

2. p/. Skirts that drag on the ground in the mud. 

1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma \xxv. 331 Looped-up 
dresses ..a great improvement on the draggletails. 1871 
C. Gisson Lack of Gold viii, The dress. .which, to avoid 
draggle-tails, was worn short. 

3. attrib. =next. 

1707 J. Stevens tr. Queredo'’s Cont, Wks. (1709) 420 
Draggle-Tail Jilts newly Whip'd. 1879 Miss Brappon 
Clow. Foot xii. 108 Nice draggle-tail creatures we shall look 
after we have walked. -under such a rain as this. : 

Dra‘ggle-tailed, 2. Having a tail or skirt 
that trails on the ground in mud and wet. 

1654 GaTakEer Disc. Afol. 4 Everie draggle-tail’d Girl 
that comes to them, 1825 Scotr 777d. 23 Nov., A draggle- 
tailed wench. 1831 TreLawny Adv. Younger Son 1, 288 
The draggletailed. . cockatoo. 

Draggly, 2. [f. Draccie vz. +-y.] 
to draggle or trail untidily. 

1850 CARLYLE in Froude £7/e in Lond. (1884) 11.65 A strange 


draggly-wick’d tallow candle. 

ggy (dregi), a. [f. Drag v.+ -y1.] In- 
clined to drag or cause dragging; heavy; slow; 
dull. Hence Dra‘gginess. 

1887 Hatt Caine Deemster xxix, The roads were soft and 
draggy. 1890 Columbus Disp. (Ohio) 4 Sept., The market 
is dull and draggy. 1891 Sat. Nev. 31 Oct. 5or/2 One or 
two rather draggy episodes. 1891 F. W. Rosinson //er 
Love and His Life vi. ix, There was a little dragginess 
of gait. 

Dragh(en, dra3en, obs. ff. Draw v., DRawy. 

Drag-hook. 

1. A hook used for dragging. 

1530 Patscr. 215/1 Draghoke, crocg. 1653 WALTON 
Angler x. 193 You may..take it up with a drag-hook. 1848 
J. A. Cartyce tr. Dante's Inferno xxi, 253 They lowered 
their drag-hooks. 1870 Biaine Encycl. Rural Sports § 3038 
The drag-hook is another implement for clearing away 
obstructions in angling ..It consists of three stout iron 
hooks placed back to back. 

2. The hook of a drag-chain: see DRAG sé. 9. 


Desc hownd. Hunting. A hound of a pack 
used to hunt with a ‘drag’ or artificial scent. 

1884 Times 4 Feb. 8/2 (heading) Household Brigade Drag 
Hounds. 1892 Pall Mall G. 11 Apr. 5/2 He then hunted 
the draghounds for three seasons at Ballincolley. 

Draght, dra3t, obs. forms of DrauGHrT. 

Dragman!: see Dra sé. 9. 

Dragman 2, obs. form of DRAGoMAN. 

Dra‘g-net. [Cf. Sw. dragg-not.] A net which 
is dragged over the bottom of a river or piece of 
water in order to enclose all the fish, etc. ; also 
a net used to sweep the ground game off a field. 

[cxooo AEtrric Gloss. in Wright 15/13 Tragum, drez- 
net, vel drege. Jlbid. 48/27 Verriculum, dreg-net.] 
arsqx Wyatt Of meane Estate 89 in Tottell’s Misc. 
(Arb.) 87 Ye set not a dragge net for an hare, 1610 Bp. 
Hart Afol. Brownists 11 Shall the Fisher cast away a 
ps draught because his drag-net hath weedes? 1622 

ALYNES Anc. Law-Merch. 246 It is also prouided..that 
no drag-net be set before March, nor ypon deeper water 
than foureteene fathome. 1790 Burxe /r. Rev. Wks. V. 
351 It has the whole draft of fishes in its drag-net. 1814 
Sporting Mag. XLIV. 61 Preventing partridges being 
taken at night by drag-nets. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. 

164x Mitton Pred. Efisc. Wks. (1847) 22/2 Whatsoever 
time..hath drawn down from old, in her huge drag-net.. 
those are the fathers. 1654 FuLLeER Efphemeris Pref. 7 The 
dragge-net of no diligence can be .. so advantagiously cast, 
as to catch and hold all particulars uttered in a long speech. 
1882 J. Taytor Sc. Covenanters (Cassell) 43 This act was 
popularly termed ‘The Bishops’ Drag-net’. 

Dragoman (<regéman). Pl. -mans, -men. 
Forms: 4, 7-8 drogman, 5-8 droge-, 6 drag-, 
druga-, 6-9 drogue-, 7 dragu-, droga-, droger-, 
drugga-, drug-, drugoman, 7-8 druggerman, 
drogoman, (9 dracoman), 6- dragoman. See 
also TrucuMaN.  [a. F. dragoman, drogman, in 
OF. drugemen = Sp. dragi , It. drag A 


, 


med.L. dragumannus, late Gr. dpayodpavos, ad. 
OArab. yles targumdn, now tarjuman, tarja- 
man, turjuman, interpreter, f. 4> 3 targama, tar 


jama to interpret = Chaldee tron ¢argém, (whence 
targum). From 14th c. commonly treated as a 
compound of Eng. man with pl. dragomen; in 
igth c. more frequently dragomans. 

The variants are due to the varying vocalization of the 
Arabic word, and the passage of Old Arabic g into 7, Forms 


Inclined 


DRAGON. 


closer to the modern Arabic are Sp. ¢rusaman, med.L. 
turch s, It. turci , Fr. truchement, Eng. 
tourcheman, trudgeman, TRUCHMAN, q.V.] 

An interpreter ; strictly applied to a man who acts 
as guide and interpreter in countries where Arabic, 
Turkish, or Persian is spoken. 

13.. K. Adis. 3401 Alisaundre..is y-come to Arabye. So 
me saide a drogman. c1430 Lypc. Bochas 11. xxvii. (1554) 
63a, Cirus..All vnpurueyed of drogeman or of guide. 1506 
Guy rorve Pilgr. (Camden) 56 (Stanf.) Our drogemen and 
guydes. 1585 I’. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xvi. 
131 Oftentimes they serve for Dragomans, or interpretours. 
1599 Haktuyt Voy. II. 1. 305 The ambassador. .himselfe 
last, with his Chause and Drngaman or Interpreter. 1606 
MIvpenuatt in Purchas Pilgrims (1625) 1. ut. 115, (Stanf.) 
For want of a Drugman. 1613 Haga at Const. in Har. 
Misc. (Malh.) HI. 214 Two druggermen, or interpreters. 
1627 Sir ‘T. Roe in Fennell tr. Michaelis’ Anc. Marb, in 
Gt. Brit, (1882) 201 (Stanf.), I am this day sending a 
drogaman..to Brussia. 1656 Brount Glossogr., Drogoman 
(or Draguman), an Interpreter or Truchman. 1782 W. F. 
Martyn Geog. Mag. 1. 106 Met .. by the druggerman or 
interpreter. 1813 Byron Géaour 592 note, To the horror of 
all the dragomans. 1821 Syp. Smitu Ws. (1859) 1. 317/2 
Our ostentatious drogueman will feel a pleasure in raising 
your astonishment. 1861 Mrs. Harvey Craise Claymore 
viii. 153 Most travellers are entirely at the mercy of their 
dragomen. 1870 A. L. Apams Nile Valley & Malta 4 The 
best Maltese and Egyptian dragomans. 

b. transf. 

1690 DrypeN Don Sebast. m1. i. Wks. 1883 VII. 374 You 
druggerman of heaven, must I attend Your droning 
prayers? 1735 Pore Donne Sat. iv. 83 Pity, you was not 
Druggerman at Babel! 1855 Mitman Lat¢. Chr. 1864) IX. 
xiv. li, 117 Through the Jews of Andalusia &c (those 
Dragomen of Medizval Science). 

Hence Dra‘gomanate, the office of a dragoman ; 
Dragoma‘nic, Dra‘'gomanish ad7s., of, pertain- 
ing to, or like a dragoman. 

1860 All Year Round No. 45. 437 Grimani..looked rather 
grand and dragomanish. 1869 FRESHFIELD Cavcasus & 
Bashan ii. 62 The usual dragomanic expenses, 1881 7 dues 
19 July 9/3 To inscribe themselves..as French subjects, at 
the Consular Dragomanate. 

Dragon ! (dre'gan). Forms: 3-4 dragun, 3 6 
dragone, dragoun(e, 4 dragowne, 4- dragon. 
[a. F. dragon :—L. dracon-em (nom. draco), a. Gr. 
Spaxwy, -ovra; usuaily referred to dpax- strong 
aorist stem of Sépxea@a: to see clearly.] 

+1. A huge serpent or snake; a python. Ods. 
(exc. in etymol. use). 

c1a20 Bestiary 759 De dragunes one ne stiren nout..oc 
daren stille in here pit. c12g0 Ge. §& Ex. 2924 And 
worpen he Sor wondes dun, fro euerilc Sor crepa dragun. 
a 1300 Cursor M. 5900 (Cott.) Dun pai kest a wand ilkan, 
And pai wex dragons [v.77. -onis, -ownes, -ouns] son onan. 
¢1400 MaunbeV. (1839) v. 40 It is alle deserte & fulle of 
Dragouns & grete serpentes. 1§08 Dunsar 7ua A/ariit 
Wemen 263 Be dragonis baitht and dowis, ay in double 
forme. 1667 Mitton P. L. x. 529 Hee..Now Dragon 
grown, larger than whom the Sun Ingenderd in the Pythian 
Vale on slime, Huge Python. 1700 Br. Patrick Com. 
Deut, xxxii. 33 Many authors..say that dragons have no 
poison in them. 1849 Kincsvey Misc., Poet. Sacred & Leg. 
Art I. 265 Why should not these dragons have been simply 
what the Greek word dragon means—what..the supersti- 
tions of the peasantry in many parts of England to this day 
assert them to have been—‘ mighty worms’, huge snakes? 

2. A mythical monster, represented as a huge and 
terrible reptile, usually combining ophidian and 
crocodilian structure, with strong claws, like a beast 
or bird of prey, and a scaly skin; it is generally 
represented with wings, and sometimes as breathing 
out fire. The heraldic dragon combines reptilian 
and mammalian form with the addition of wings. 

It is difficult to separate senses 1 and 2 in early instances. 

a 1225 St. Marher. 158 Pe deuel com to pis maide swye 
In aforme of adragoun. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 151 Out of 
the dragone’s mouth twei leomes ther stode there. 1382 
Wycuir Dan. xiv. 28 Zeue to vs Danyel that distruyede Bel 
and slew3 the dragoun. c1400 Destr. Troy 166 A derfe 
dragon drede to be-holde. rggt Suaks. 1 Hex. V/,1.i. 11 His 
Armes spred wider than a Dragons Wings. _1595 — Johx 
11. i. 288 Saint George that swindg’d the Dragon. 1607 
Torsett Serpents (1658) 705 There be some Dragons which 
have wings and no feet, some again have both feet and wings. 
I H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. 1. i. (R.), Ona 
rising ground above the tents is St, George on a brown steed 
striking with his sword at the dragon, which is flying in the 
air. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 156 The Dragon, 
a most terrible animal, but most probably not of Nature’s 
formation. 1813 Scotr 7rierm. 1. xix, They..faced the 
dragon’s breath of fire. 1895 A, H. S. Lanpor Corea 116 
In shape, as the natives picture it, the dragon is not unlike 
a huge. lizard, with long-nailed claws, and a flat long head 
. possessed of horns and a long mane of fire. 

b. Hence frequent allusions to ancient and medizval 
tales of dragons, as those which watchfully guarded the 
Gardens of the Hesperides, those which drew the charict 
of Cynthia or the moon, those fought and slain by Beowulf, 
St. George, and other champions. ; 

1590 SHaxs. Mids. N. ut. ii. 379 Night-swift Dragons 
cut the Clouds full fast. 16rx — Cyd. u. ii. 48 Swift, 
swift, you Dragons of the night, that dawning May 
beare the Rauens eye. 1663 Flagellum, or O. Cromwell 
(ed. 2) 5 He was very notorious for robbing of Orchards.. 
the frequent spoyls and d of Trees.. ted by 
this Apple-Dragon. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. Ill. 
240 e other public buildings being guarded by the 
dragon of bigotry. 1856 Emerson Lng. T'raits, Wealth 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 75 Harder still it has proved to resist and 
rule the dragon Money, with his paper wings. 1860 — 
Cond. Life, Fate 11. 320 ty brave yoftth is in training 
to ride, and rule this dragon (Fate]. 

: “80-2* 


DRAGON. 


e. Like a dragon : fiercely, violently. 

gir Swirt Lett. (1767) 111. 213 We ate roast beef like 
dragons. 1741 tr. De Mouhy's Fort, Country Maid \. 165 
The poor Boy. .seeing himself collar'd, fought likea Dragon. 
x Scotr Frnl. 8 .» I even made a work of necessity 
and set to the Tales like a dragon. 

3. In the Bible versions reproducing draco of the 
Vulgate and Spdxwy of the Septuagint, where the 
Hebrew has (a) »2n ¢annin a great sea- or water- 
monster, a whale, shark, or crocodile, also a large 
serpent ; or (6) jn dana desert mammalian animal, 
now understood to be the jackal, and so rendered 
in the Revised Version. z 

a 1340 Hamrote Psalter Ixxiii[i]. 14 pou angird be heuedis 
of dragunys [1382 Wycuir dragounys, 1611 dragons, 1885 
R. V. dragons (smarg. sea-monsters)] in watirs. 1382 
Wycur Ps. xc{i]. 13 Thou shalt to-trede the leoun and the 
dragoun [1611 dragon, 1885 X. V. ra ae — Fob xxx. 
29 Brother I was of dragouns [1621 dragons, 1885 RX. V. 
jackals). — /sa, xxxiv. 13 It shal be the bed place of 
dragownes [1611 dragons, 1885 2. V. jackals). 1885 Bis_e 
(R. V.) Ps. exlviii. 7 Praise the Lord from the earth, Ye 
dragons [#arg. sea-monsters) and all deeps. 

4. An appellation of Satan, the ‘Old Serpent’. 

1340 Ayend. 174 Ine pe prote of pe lyone of helle, and of 
pe dragoune pet him wyle uorzuel3e. 1382 Wycuir Kev. 
xx. 2 And he cau3te the dragoun, the olde serpent, that is 
the deuel and Sathanas. c1440 York Myst. xxi. 157 The 
dragons poure.. Thurgh my baptyme distroyed haue I. 
1gco-20 Dunnar Poems xxxviii. 1 Done is a battell on 
the dragon blak. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 3 The Dragon, 
put to second rout, Came furious down to be reveng’d on 
men. 1707 Watts Hymn ‘ How sad our State’ v, The 
old Dragon.. With all his hellish crew. 

b. ¢ransf. A devilish person ; a ‘ fiend’. 

1508 Kennevie Flyting w. Dunbar 249 Dathane deuillis 
sone, and dragon dispitous. /éfd. 283 Corspatrick.. That 
dampnit dragone drew him in diserth. 1715 I. Marner Sev. 
Serm, (Boston) 1. ii. 40 Has not the Dragon of France 
boasted, that he caused Twenty hundred thousand Persons 
to renounce their Religion? 

e. An evil power embodied. rare. 

1470 Henry Wallace x1. 287 Inwy the wyle dragoun, 
In cruell fyr he byrnys this regioun. 

5. An appellation of Death. arch. 

1500-20 DunBar Poems viii. 17 O duilfull death ! O dragon 
dolorous! /é7d. lviii. 28 Off deathe..the dragoun stang 
thame. 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 43 The serpent pains 
which herald, swarming in, the dragon death. 

6. A fierce violent person; esf. a fiercely or 
aggressively watchful woman; a duenna. 

Dragon of virtue \F. dragon de vertu), a woman of austere 
and aggressive virtue. 

1755 Jounson, Dragon..3. A fierce violent man or woman. 
1837 THackeray Ravenswing vi, Lady Thrum, dragon of 
virtue and propriety. 1848 Life Normandy (1863) 1. 178 
She will keep her husband in as tight order as the hand- 
some old dragon we met just now. ag! Mrs. C. Reape 
Maid of Mill (1. xxvii. 116 Confronted by the dragon, in 
her not least dragonesque mood. 

7. A representation or figure of the mythical 
creature. 

c1320 Sir Tristr. 1042 Tristrem..Bar him burch pe 
dragoun In be scheld. cxggo /uv. Westin. Add. in Trans. 
Lond. & Middlesex Archzxol. Soc. (1875) 1V, Hym that 
bervth the Dragon on Easter Evyn. 1548 Hatt Céron., 
Hen. VII, 1b, A red firye dragon beaten upon white and 
grene sarcenet. 1766 Porny Heraldry (1787) 203 The 
Eleventh is Or, a Dragon passant Vert. 1870 H. W. Hen- 
Frey Eng. Coins (1891) 38 The dragon on some of the coins 
fof Henry VII] was the ensign of Cadwallader, the last 
King of the Britons. 1888 J. T. Fowrer in Mem. Ripon 
(Surtees) ILI. 234 “ote, On the three Rogation Days the 
dragon was carried ‘in principio processionis '. 

+ b. An ensign or standard, having the figure of 
a dragon. Odés. 

I R. Grouc. (1724) 303 Edmond ydy3t hys standard... 
Asda dragon vp a cr R. Bicone Chron. Wace 
(Rolls) 13345 A-mong po was ie desgona pat Arthur bar for 
gonfanoun. 13.. A. Adis. 4300 Theo kyng dude sette out 
his dragoun. 1609 Hottann Amo. Marcell. xvi. xi. 74 
The purple ensigne of a dragon fitted to the top of a..high 
launce, as if it had beene the pendant slough of a serpent. 

ce. Dragon china, a kind of porcelain decorated 
with designs of dragons. 

1786 F. Tyrer Lounger No. 79 » 8 Ringing it to try if it 
was without a flaw, she returned it into the auctioneer's 
hands, declaring it a piece of true Dragon. 

8. Astron. a. A northern constellation, Draco. 

151 Recorve Castle Knowl. (1556) 263 Aboute these 2 
Beares is there a long trace of 31 starres, commonly called 
the Dragon. 1697 Dryven Virg. Georg. 1. 334 Around our 
Pole the Spiry Dragon glides, And like a winding Stream 
the Bears divides. 1 BonnycastLe Astron. 420. 

+ b. The part of the moon's path which lies south 
of the ecliptic: see Dracon’s Heap, Tait. Ods. 
¢139t Cuaucer Asétrol, u. § 4 Whan that no wykkid 
planete, as .. the tail of the dragoun, is in [the] hous of the 
assendent. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vin. xix. (1495) 

30 The heed of the dragon and the taylle..meue wyth the 

yrmament and folowe his course. 1594 BLunpevit /-xerc. 
Im, 1. xv. (ed. 7) 306 The Dragon then signifieth none other 
poecy hom the intersection of two Circles, that is to say, of 
the Ecliptique and of the Circle that carrieth the Moon.. 
and that part towards the South is called of some the bell 
of the Dragon. 

+c. Applied to a shooting star with a luminous 
train. Obs. Cf. Drake! 2. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vin. xxiii. (1495) 335 
Amonge the mydle sterres of Artos fallyth downe oe were 
a dragon other a fleenge sterre in lyk of lyghtenynge. 
1983 » Furke Meteors (1640) 7, 10. 1568 GRAFTON Chron, 
Il. 119 Fiery dragons were seene fliyng in the ayre, 1774 


636 


Gotnsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. xxi. 134, Floating bodies of 
fire, which assume different names .. draco volans, or 
flying dragon, as it is called. 

9. A paper kite. [Ger. drache.] Se. 

1756 Mrs. CaLperwoop ¥rx/. (5884) 145 A ge of bro- 

e..in the shape of a dragon the boys oe 1868 G. 
Macpvonaip &. Falconer 1. 253 The dragon ¢ its string 
..and drifting away, went. .downwards in the distance. 

+10. a. An early fire-arm; = Dracoon 1. b. 
A soldier armed with this; =DRraGoon 2. Ods. 

1604-28 W. Yoncz Diary (Camden) 35 Colonel Francis 
his regiment, especially the soldiers called Dragons, do 
continually make incursions upon theenemy. 1 LANCHE 
Brit. Costume 270 The dragon received its name from its 

, being gi lly or d with the head of that 
fabled monster, and the troops who used it .. acquired the 
name of Dragons and Dragoons from this circumstance. 
1849 Jas. Grant Kirkaldy of Gr. xviii. 198. 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Wad.-bk., Dragon, an old name fcr a musketoon. 

ll. Zool. A lizard of the genus Draco, having 
on each flank a broad wing-like membrane, which 
enables it to leap some distance in the air. 

1819 Pantologia, Draco volans, flying dragon. 1823 
Crass Technol. Dict., Dragon (Zool.) the Draco of Lin- 
nzus, a four-footed beast of the lizard tribe..able, by means 
of its lateral membrane, to as rt itself for a short time 
in the air, 1841 Penny Cycl. g 457/2 The canines of the 
Dragon are proportionally longer than those of Stellio. 
1847 Carpenter Zool. § 468 The Dragons of zoologists, 
instead of being formidable animals, like those of poets, 
are of very small size, and only attack insects. 

12. Lchthyol. (Also dragon-fish.) &. = DRAGONET 
2. +b. The ANGLER, Lophius (obs.). 

1661 Lovett Hist, Anim. & Min. 198 Dragon. .the flesh 
is hard and dry, but if prepared, pleasant. 1694 Acc. Sev. 
Late Voy. 11. (1711) 132 Of the Dragon-fish. 1769 PENNANT 
Zool. III. 130. e 

13. A fancy variety of pigeon; = Dracoon sé. 3. 

1 Tecetmeier Pigeons viii. 80 The Dragon most 
closely resembles. .the Carrier, and it is stated. .that it was 
produced by mating a Tumbler with a Horseman or a Car- 
rier. 1895 Datly News 10 Oct. 5/4 A splendid collection 
of dragons and tumblers, both short-faced and flying. 

14. (Also Green dragon.) The plant Dracun- 
culus vulgaris (formerly Arum Dracunculus) ; = 
Dracoxs, Draconwort. Also applied to species 
of Dracontium. 

1538 Turner Libellus, Dracontia latine  dracunculus 
dicitur, anglice Dragon. 155: — Heréal1. Ovja, Dragon 
hath a certayne lykenes vnto aron, bothe in the lefe and 
also in the roote. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 632 The Spirits doe 
but weaken, and dissipate, when they come to the Air and 
Sunne; As we see it in Onions, Garlick, Dragon, &c. 
1858 Hocc Veg. Kingd. 796 Dracunculus vulgaris, or 
Green Dragon, is a native of the South of Europe, and 
receives its name from spots on the stem. 1866 7reas. Bot., 
Dragon, Dracunculus vulgaris ; also applied to the oron- 
tiaceous genus Dracontium. 

+15. A disease of the eye of the horse: see quots. 

16391. pe Gray Compl. Horsem. 94 Dimnesse of sight, 
filmes, pearles, pin and web, dragons, serpentines. ¢ 1720 
W. Gisson Farrier’s Guide u. xxiv. (1738) 80 Cataract... 
is the same which the Farriers distinguish by the different 
Names of a Speck, Pearl, or Dragon. /éid. 81 When it is 
very small, and shows itself only in the Bottom of the 
watry humour, it is then called a Dragon. 

16. (Also Dragon cane) : see quot. 

1851 Offic. Catal. Gt, Exhib. 11. 798 From Singapore .. 
Ratans, dragons, and Penang lawyers are stems of various 
species of Calamus. /éid. 800 Dragon canes mounted. 

17. slang. A sovereign: from the device of 
St. George and the Dragon, 

31827 Macinn 7rans/, Vidocg. (Farmer) Collar his dragons 
clear away. 1859 Marsett Vocabulum (Farmer). 

II. altrib. and Comb. 

18. attrib. or as adj. Of or as of a dragon, of 
the nature of a dragon; dragon-like, dragonish. 
Dragon boat =DRAKE! 5. 

1606 Suaxs. Tr. & Cr. v. viii. 17_The dragon wing of 
night ore-spreds the earth. 1 MILTON Ponsereas 59 
Cynthia checks her dragon yoke. 1777 Porrer schylus 
(:779) I. tro (Jod.) Fierce with dragon rage. 1822 W. 

rvinc Braced. Hall (1823) 11. 174 They .. kept a dragon 
watch on the gipsies. 1832 ‘'ennyson Dream Fair 
Women 255 Those dragon eyes of anger'd Eleanor. 1848 
Dickens Dombey xxiii, Two dragon sentries keeping ward. 
1868 Tennyson / ucretins 50 Dragon warriors from Cadmean 
teeth. 1895 AS. Mackay /i/e & Kinross 1.20 Norse Vikings 
whose dragon boats preyed on the coasts. — 

19. General Combs.: a. attributive, as dragon- 
bought, -coil, -face, -feet, + -hame Spine f , hole, 
-killer, -kind, -legend, - mail, -race, -scate, -seed, 
tooth (see 21 b), -whelp, -womb; b. similative, as 
dragon-green adj.; -C. instrumental, as dragon- 
ridden, -wardered adjs.; A. parasynthetic, as 
dragon-eyed, -mouthed, -penned, -winged, adjs.; 
also dragon-like adj, and adv. 

1872 Tennyson Gareth 228 The *dragon-boughts and 
elvish emblemings Began to move. 1712 SHAFTESB. 
Charac. (1737) 1. 14 Those grotesque figures and *dra- 
gon-faces. 1820 W. Traces tr. Lucian I, 107 Hecate.. 
stamped with her “dragon-feet. 1884 Pa// Madi G, 1 Dec, 


5/1 *Dragon-green great coats with red linings. @ 1400-50 
Alexander 487 Anec(tjanabus..Did on him his “dragon- 
hame and drale 


eae Fe sale. 1483 Cath, Angi. 106/2 
A *Dragon hole, 1687 T. Brown Saints in ote Wks, 
1730 1, 81 Ten times more troublesome than. .the *dragon- 
killer. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. % Leg. Art (1850) 424 
The *dragon-legend of the Gargouille, 1607 Suaxs. Cor. 
1v. vii. 23 He.. Fights *Dragon-like, and does atcheeue as 
soone As draw his Sword. » Sourwer fea Are ve. see 
Clad in his *dragon mail, 72506 W. J. Tucker Life in £, 


DRAGONET. 
fetes ign dae 
resies. 


sowed the *dragon seed of worse Torsett 
Serpents (1658) 709 A little * -whelp bred in Arcadia. 
1605 Play Stucley 1191 in Simpson Sch, Shaks. 1. 206 His 


131 The *dragon womb Of Soden darkness. 

20. Special Combs.: dragon Arum, the plant 
Dracunculus vulgaris (sense 14); dragon-beam, 
dragon-piece, ‘a short beam lying diagonally 
with the wall-plates at the angles of the roof for 
receiving the heel or foot of the hip-rafter’ (Gwilt) ; 
dragon-bushes, Jinaria vulgaris (Miller); 
dragon claw = dragon’s claw (see 21); dragon- 
fish (see sense 12); dragon-plant, a name for 
the species of Dracaena; + dragon serpentine 
= DraconwortT; dragon- shell (see quot.); 
dragon -stone, Draconires; + dragon - volant 
(see quot.) ; +dragon-water,a medicinal prepara- 
tion popular in 17th c. Also DRAGON-FLY, etc. 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 160 *Dragon-beams, are two 
strong Braces or Struts..meeting in an angle upon the 
shoulder of the King-piece. 1823 P. Nicnoison Pract. 
Build. 222 *Dragon-piece, a beam bisecting the wall- 

late, for receiving the heel or foot of the hip-rafters. 1598 
‘Lorio, Dragontea, the herb dragon wort, or * on 
serpentine. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., *Dragon-shell.. 
a name given ...to a speci c d patella or 
limpet. This has its top very much bent, and is of an ash- 
colour on the outside, but of an elegant and bright flesh- 
colour within. 1632 SHerwoop, *Dragon stone, draconite. 
1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., *Drazon-volant, the old 
name fora gun of large calibre used in the French navy. 
1607 Dekker Westw. Hoe u. ii. Wks. ret Boe 308 Will 
you send her a Box of Mithridatum and *Dragon water. 
1615 Marknam Eng. Housew. 1. i. (1668) 6 For the Quartan 
Fever, Take.. Dragon water. 

21. Comb. with dragon's. a. In names of plants, 
as dragon's-claw, dragon’s-herb ( = DRAGoN- 
wort); dragon’s-mouth (see quot.). b. Dragon’s 
belly, dragon’s skin (see quots.); dragon’s 
teeth, the teeth of the dragon fabled to have becn 
sown by Cadmus, from which sprang armed men; 
dragon’s tongue, ? the tongue of a buckle. See 
also DRAGON’S BLOOD, -HEAD, -TAIL. 

I Croxer Dict. Arts, Venter Draconis, *Dragon's 
Belly, in astronomy. that part [of a planet’s orbit] most 
remote from the nodes, that is, from the dragon's head 
and tail. 1832 Comstock Bot. (1850) 424 Corallorhiza, 
*Dragon’s claw. 1600 Vaucuan Direct. Health (1633) 166 
Rosemary, Myrrh, Masticke, Bolearmoniacke, *Dragons 
hearbe, Roach Allom. 1857-84 Henrrey Bot. (ed. 4) 301 
The Snap-dragon, or *Dragon’s mouth, 1884 Mutter 
Plant-n., Dragon's-‘mouth, Antirrhinum majus, Arum 
crinitum, Det amma $i macrochilum. 1865 Pace 
Handbk. Geol. Terms, *Dragons' Skin, a familiar term 
among miners and quarrymen for the stems of Lefido- 
dendron, whose aaah leaf-scars somewhat resemble 
the scales of reptiles. 1644 Mitton Arcof. (Arb.) aber 
are as lively, and as vigorously productive, as those fabulous 
*Dragons teeth. 1853 Marspen Larly Purit. esuits 
. sowed the dragon’s teeth which sprung up into the hydras 
of rebellion and apostasy. 1794 W. Feton Carria, es (rBo1) 
I. 101 The small splinter-sockets, shewing the , the eye 
and *dragon’s-tongue, which are for one and the same use. 

Hence Dra-gonhood, the condition or quality of 
a dragon; Dra‘gonship, the office or occupation 
of a dragon (as strict guardian). 

1862 E. Brapiey (C. Bede) College Life 103 The same 
mysterious dragonship was mai d over her in-doors. 
1894 G. ALLEN in West. Gas. 23 Oct. 1/3 What are the 
visible signs and credentials of his dragonhood ? 

on’, [corruption of Dracant.] In 


Gum dragon ='TRAGACANTH, 
canth gm, 
I. Soc, Lex. 


1813 W. Micsurn Oriental Comm, 1. 110 T: 
or as it is usually called gum dragon, 1886in 
Dragonade: see DRAGONNADE, 
Dragonce, var. of Dragons, Obs. 
Dragonesque (dre'géne'sk), a. [f. Dracon 1 
+-ESQUE.] Of the style or character of a dragon. 
1881 J. ANDERSON Scot. in E. Chr. Times 13% Denese 
in fanciful dragonesque forms. | 1882 R. C. Mactacan Scot. 


Myths 84 The drag: q Pp ng the fe 
ing power of water, 1887 [see Dracon 6). 
gonés). [f. as prec, + -E8S.] 


onet (dregdnét), Also 6 -ette. [a. F. 
dragonet little dragon, f. dragon: sce -ET.] 
A —_ or young dng. roa 
.. K. Alis. 602 igni tl ragonet, 
Semen 0. 1. xii wt ‘Stae hidden Det Of Many 
dragonettes, his fruitfull seede, a1797 W. Mason Ef. fo 
Shebbeare (R.), Each little di with brazen 


G for t i al Ips it in. 18ax Lams 
Ella Ser. 1 Witches, Fon the peed of those 


errors young dragonets would b 

2. A fish ‘of the genus Callionymus, esp. C. 

ghey : ha’ 
II. , a name we have 
wee the liberty of formin; may A t diminutive Dracun- 
i Roodeletina and other authors. 
Club 1, No. 6. 172 

Dragonet, 


in Proc. Berw, Nat. 
1838 JoHNsTON roc, Berw, yy 


Linn. 
3, A South American lizard, Crocodélurus, 


a ee ee | 


re 


DRAGON-FLY. 
Dra‘gon-fly, dragon fly. 


‘The common name for neuropterous insects of 
the group Libel/ulina, characterized by a long, 
slender body, large eyes, and two pairs of large 
reticulated wings, and by their strong, swift flight. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 729 The delicate coloured Dragon 
Flies may have likewise some Corrosive quality. 1694 
E. Froyp in Pil. Trans. XVILL. 46 Wings..resembling. . 
those of the larger L7bel/z, or Dragon-flies. 1782 ANDRE 
in Phit. Trans. LXXII. 440 The wonderful structure of 
the eyes of insects..most commonly illustrated by that of 
the Libelluda, or Dragon-fly.. 1859TENNENT Ceylon I. 11. vi. 
247 Above the pools dragon flies, of more than metallic lustre, 
flash in the early sunbeams. 


Dra‘gonish, a. [f. Dracon +-1sH.] 
J. Of the nature or character of a dragon ; fierce, 


severe. 

1530 Patscr. 311/1 Dragonysshe, of the nature of a dragon, 
draconique, 1549 CoverDALE, etc. Erasm. Par. Rev. xiii. 
(R.) This beastes dragonishe speache. 1852 James Peguinillo 
T. 139 [She] was sufficiently ‘dragonish’ to make a fight for 
her principles. 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-cap 883 
A..matron—may be, maid Mature, and dragonish of aspect. 

2. Somewhat like a dragon in shape. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. & Cl. Iv. xiv. 2 Sometime we see a clowd 
that’s Dragonish, A vapour sometime, like a Beare, or 
Lyon. 1880 Daily Tel. 16 Feb., Trees that are dragonish ; 
trees that are like bears and lions. 

Dra‘gonism. [f. Dracon +-1sM.] 

+1. Dragonish nature ; devilry. Ods. 

1581 Satir. Poems Refornt. xiiv. 47 Vith all the properteis 
of Sathannis dragonisme. 

2. Jealous and watchful guardianship. (See 
Dracon 2 b, 6.) 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 302 Emancipated from boarding- 
school restraints, or the dragonism of their governesses. 

Dra‘gonize, v. [f. Dracon +-1z.] 

1. ¢rans. To turn into a dragon, render dragon- 
like. 

1831 Cartyce A/isc, Ess. (1857) II. 231 Siegfried by main 
force slew this dragon, or rather dragonised Smith’s- 
brother. 

2. To keep guard over or watch as a dragon. 

1866 Mrs. GaskELL Wives §& Dau. viii, Clare to dragonize 
--us, 1875 G. Macponatp Malcolm Il. x. 155 His few 
household goods were borne in a cart through the sea-gate 
dragonized by Bykes. 

Dragonnade (dreginéi-d),. sd. Also drago- 
nade, dragoonade. [a. F. dvagonnade (18th c.), 
f. dragon DkaGoon: see -apE.] In £/. a series of 
persecutions directed by Louis XIV against French 
Protestants, in which dragoons were quartered upon 
the persecuted. Hence, any persecution carried on 
with the help of troops. (Rare in sézg.) 

@1715 Burnet Ovwwn Time an. 1586 (T.), It was supported 
by the authority of a great king, and the terror of ill usage, 
and a dragoonade in conclusion. 1781 Justamonp Priv. 
Life Lewis XV, 111. 25 Notwithstanding the favourable 
accounts given..of these Religionists, it was in agitation to 
renew the Dragonades. 1856 Froupe //ist, Eng. 1. 403 
France was to go her way through Bartholomew massacres 
and the dragonnades to a polished Louis the Magnificent. 
1870 Spurcron 7/eas. Dav. Ps. xliv. 22 The dragoon- 
ades of Claverhouse. 1873 Smices Hugueno/s Fr. 1. i. 
(1881) 291 To avoid the horrors of the dragonnade, 

Dragonna‘de, v. [f. prec. sb.] “vans. To sub- 
ject to a dragonnade; to dragoon. 

1873 Smices Huguenots Fr. u. i. (1881) 289 The Hugue- 
nots..refused to be converted by the priests; and then 
Louis XIV determined to dragonnade them. 

Dra‘gon-root. 

+1. The root of dragonwort or dragons. Ods. 

16ar Burton Anat. Med. u. iv, u. ii, These are very gentle 
[purgers], alyppus, dragon root, centaury, ditany. 

fy in U.S, we to the tuberous roots of 
various species of Arisema; also to the plants 
themselves. 

1866 Treas. Bot. s.v. Arisema, The Dragon-root, or 
Indian turnip of America, is the tuber of A. atrorubens, 
which furnishes a kind of starch, /did, 427 Dragon Root, 
Arisema atrorubens; also..Arisema Dracontium, vas 
Chambers’ Encycl. s.v., Dragon-root..of which the acri 
tuber is applied to various uses in domestic medicine. 

+ Dragons. Ods. Forms: (1 draconze, dra- 
centse, dracanse) 5 dragance, -ans, -auns, 
-ence, -onys, 5-6 dragaunce, 5-7 dragonce, 
6-8 dragons. [In late ME. dragance, a. OF. 
dragance, var. of dragonce (in med.L. dragancia, 
-ontia) :—L. dracontia, for dracontium, a. Gr. dpa- 
kévriov, f.dpaxwy, Spaxovr- DRAGON. The Lat. word 
had already given late OE. draconze, dracentse.] 

A popular name of the Draconwort, Dracun- 
culus vulgaris (formerly Arum Dracunculus), 

cxooo Sax, Leechd. 1. 12 Herba dracontea pet ys dra- 
centse, ééd. II. 350 Wyrc ponne drenc font weter, rudan, 
Sal |, Cassuc, c1440 Promp. Parv. 130/1 
Dragaunce, herbe (dragans, P.), dragancia. c 1450 A iphita 
(Anecd. Oxon.) 48/1 Draguncea. .gall, et angl. dragaunce. 
c14s0 Bk. Hawking in Rel, Ant. 1. 301 Take the jus of 
dragonce. ¢ 1475 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 787/8 Hec dragansia, 
a dragauns. 1486 Bk. St. Albans Cviija, Take Juce of 
dragonys. 1533 Eryor Cast. Helthe (1541) 1rb, Thynges 
good for the Lyver: Worniewode .. Dragons. ~ 1579 
Lancuam Gard. Health (1633) 202 Biting of a Dogge or 
Adder, drinke Dragons, Rue and Betony. 1607 TorseLt 
Serpents (1658) 804 The juyce of dragons, expressed out of 
the leaves, fruit, or root, 1757 A. Cooper Drs/iller m1. xv. 
(1760) 170 Take Dragons, Rosemary, Wormwood, Sage. 


637 
Dragon’s blood. 


A bright red gum or resin, an exudation upon the 
fruit of a palm, Calamus Draco. Formerly applied 
also to the iuspissated juice of the dragon-tree, 
Dracena Draco, and to exudations from Prero- 
carpus Draco, Croton Draco, and other plants. 

1599 Hakcuyt Voy. II. 1. 331 That substance which the 
Apothecaries call Saxguis Draconis, (that is!, Dragons 
blood, otherwise called Cinnabaris. 1703 1. S. Art's /in- 
prov. 37 When you have laid on your former Red, take 
Dragons Blood and pulverize it ..a small Portion will ex- 
treamly heighten your Colour. | 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 
97 Dragon’s Blood is the Weepings of a ‘I'ree which bears 
a Fruit not unlike a Cherry. 1830 LinpLey Nat. Syst, Bot. 
282. 1887 Pall Mall G.7 Mar. 6/1 Vhe deep red varnish of 
Cremona is pure dragon's blood. 

attrib. 1704 Lond. Gaz. No. 4059/4 The following Goods, 
viz... Jumbee Canes..Dragon’s-Blood Canes. 1870 Daily 
News 6 June, The scarlet foliage of the South American 
dragon’s-blood tree. 1884 Miter P/ant-n., Dragon's-blood- 
plant, Calamus Draco. Dragon's-blood-tree, Dracena 
Draco. 

Dragon’s head. [See Dracoy 8 b.] 

1. Astron. The ascending node of the moon's 
orbit with the ecliptic (marked 2). 

150g Hawes Past. Pleas, xvi. ii, Dyane.. Entred the 
Crab, her propre mancyon, Than ryght amyddes of the 
Dragons hed. 1894 BLuxpevit /-rerc. xlv. (ed. 7) 504 
Subtract the place of the Dragons head from the place of 
the Moone. 18x9 Jas. Witson Dict. Astrod. 83 The place 
of the Dragon’s Head is considered of great efficacy. 

b. Her, The name of the tincture /ezndé or tawny 
in blazoning by the heavenly bodies. 

1706 Puittips (ed. Kersey’, Dragons head ..is.. the 
Tenne, or Tawny Colour in the Escutcheons of Soveraign 
Princes. 1766 Porny Heraldry Gloss., Dragon's-head: Part 
of a celestial constellation, assigned by English Heralds to 
express the Color Tenné in blazoning the Arms of Sovereigns. 

. Herb. (See quots.) 

1753 Cuambers Cycl. Supp., Dracocephalon, Dragon's 
Head, in botany, the name of a genus of plants. 1866 
Treas. Bot., Dragon's-head, name for Dracocephalum. 

Dragon’s tail. [See Dracoy 8 b.] 

1. Astron. The descending node of the moon’s orbit 
with the ecliptic (marked 3). 

1605 Suaks. Lear 1. ii. 140 My father compounded with 
my mother vnder the Dragons taile, and my Natiuity was 
vnder V7sa Maior. 1786-7 BonnycastLe Astron. 420. 1819 
Jas. Witson Dict. Astrol. 

b. Her. The name of the tincture murrey or 
sanguine, in blazoning by the heavenly bodics. 

1706 Puituips (ed. Kersey), Dragons-tail .. signifies the 
Murrey Colour in the Coats of Soveraign Princes. 1766 
Porny /eraldry Gloss. 

2. Palmistry. The discriminal line. 

1678 Puittirs (ed. 4), Restrict Line (in Chiromancy) .. is 
otherwise called the Discrin:inal line, and also the Dragons 
tail. 1842 Branne Dict. Sc., etc. s.v. Chiromancy, ‘The 
dragon’s tail, or discriminal line, between the hand and arm. 

Dragontian, -tine, bad ff. DRACONTIAN, -INE. 

Dra‘gon-tree. The monocotyledonous tree 
Dracena Draco (N. O. Liliacex). 

1611 Cotcr., Sang de dragon. .not..the bloud of a Dragon 
.. but the Gumme of the Dragon tree opened or bruised in 
the dog-daies. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1531. -1712 tr. 
Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 194 The Dragon Tree .. appears to 
be a kind of Date Tree. 1852 TH. Ross //useboldt’s Trav. 
I. ii. 63 xo¢e, Toothpicks steeped in the juice of the dragon- 
tree. .for keeping the gums in a healthy state. 

+ Dra‘gonwort. Os. 

1. The plant Dracunculus vulgaris; =DRacons. 

1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Dracontium..Dragonwort, or 
dragens. 1578 Lyte Dodoens i. vi. 322 It is thought ..that 
those which carrie about them the leaues or rootes of great 
Dragonwurtes, cannot be hurt nor stong of Vipers and Ser- 
pentes. 1607 Toprset Serpents (1658) 594 A certain experi- 
mental unguent..made of. .the roots of dragonwort. 

2. Small d.: the common Arum or Wake-robin. 

1674 BLaGRAVE Sufi, to Culpepper's Eng. Physic. 54 Aron 
ie ; in English, small Dragon-wort, and speckled 

ron. 2 

3. The Snakeweed, Polygonum Bistorta. rare. 

1656 Cucrerper Eng. Physic. 35 Bistort .. is called Snake- 
weed,.. Dragonwort. 

Dragoon (dragin), sd. 
Dragon, also in sense 2.] 

+1. A kind of carbine or musket. So called from 
its ‘ breathing fire’ like the fabulous dragon. Obs. 

1622 F. Marxuam Bk, War w. v. 138 A lieutenant of the 
late invented Dragoones (being not aboue sixteene inch 
Barrell, and full Musquet bore). /d7d. v. ii, 167 If the 
Regiment be but D » then a Spanish Morian, and 
no other Armor, a light Guelding, a good sword, and a faire 
Dragoone. 1637 Lance. Wills (1857) 11. 142 To my Lord 
Strange one case of pistolls and a dragoone. 1 Rosaw. 
Hist. Coll, u. 11. App. 137 The arms of a harquebusier, or 
dragoon. .are a good harquebuss or dragoon, fitted with an 
iron work, to be carried in a belt [etc.]. 

+b. See quot., and cf. FIRE-DRAKE 3. 

1626 Carr. SmitH Accid. Yng. Sea-men 32 Pots of wild 
fire or dragouns. 

2. A species of cavalry soldier. The name was 
originally applied to mounted infantry armed with 
the firearm (sense 1), These gradually developed 
into horse soldiers, and the term is now merely a 
name for certain regiments of cavalry which his- 
torically represent the ancient dragoons, and retain 
some distinctive features of dress, etc. 

In France, the edict of Louis XIV, 25 July 1665, ranked 
dragoons among infantry, and this was their status until 1784, 


[ad. mod.F. dragon 


DRAGOONAGE. 


In Montecuculi’s time, a 1688, they still ordinarily fought 
on foot, though sometimes firing from horseback; when 
Simes wrote, 1768, they mostly fought on horseback, though 
still occasionally on foot. The French réglement of 1 Jan. 
1791, confirmed by the décret of 21 Feb. 1793, classed them 
among horse soldiers, after the cavalry proper. In the 
British Army, the Cavalry are now (1896) divided into Life 
Guards, Horse Guards, Dragoon Guards, Dragoons, Hus- 
sars, and Lancers. Earlier classifications made the Hussars 
and Lancers subdivisions of the Dragoons, (See quot. 1836.) 
In the U.S. army the term is not used. 

16az F. Markuam Ba, Wariut.i. 83 To these Low Coun- 
tries haue produced another sort of Horse-men .. and they 
call them Dragoons which I know not whether I may re- 
turne them Foot-Horsemen, or Horse-Footmen. 1665 Sir 
‘T. Herpert 7vav. (1677) 283 The General following with 
the rest of his Horse and Dragoons. 1683 Evetyn Diary 
5 Dec., The King had now augmented his guards with 
a new sort of dragoons, who carried also grenados. a 1694 
TiLtotson Serm. (1743) V. 1274 Armed soldiers, called by 
that name of dragons, or, as we according to the French 
pronunciation call them, dragoons. 1724 De For Jem. 
Cavalier (1840) 286 ‘They..lost most of their horses. .< 
turning dragoons, they lined the hedges. 1768 Str 
Medley, Dragoon, is a musqueteer, mounted on hor 
sometimes fighting on foot, but mostly on horseback, as 
occasion requires. 1836 Penny Cycé. VI. 388 In the British 
Army [Cavalry] consists of the two regiments of Life Guards, 
the royal regiment of Horse Guards, seven regiments of 
Dragoon Guards, and seventeen regiments of Light Dra- 
goons, of which the 7th, 8th, roth, and rsth are Hussars, 
and the gth, rath, 16th, and 17th are called Lancers. [There 
are now (1896) 3 Regiments called Dragoor 3 of Hussars, 
and 5 of Lancers.] 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. ili. 294 The 
dragoon..has since become a mere horse soldier. But in 
the seventeenth century he was accurately described by 
Montecuculi as a foot soldier, who used a horse only in 
order to arrive with more speed'at the place where military 
service was to be performed. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. 
Il. x. 469 Riding to the field, but fighting on foot, they 
were dragoons in the earlier sense of the word. 

b. As the type of a rough and fierce fellow. 

riz STEELE Sfect. No. 533 Pp 2 What ‘Treatment you 
would think then due to such Dragoons. 1856 Emekson 
Eng. Traits, Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 27 These founders of 
the House of Lords were greedy and ferocious dragoons, 
sons of greedy and ferocious pirates, 

+e. In the following, taken by Todd, ete., as = 
DRAGONNADE. 

a169r Br. T. Bartow Rew. 265 (T.) To bring men to the 
Catholick faith (as they pretend) by dragoons, and im- 
prisonments. 

3. A variety of pigeon, being a cross between a 
horseman and a tumbler. 

1725 Brap.ey Kam. Dict. s.v. Pigeons, From the Tumbler 
and the Horseman, Drago 1765 / reat. Dom. Pigeons 
60 When the powter has laid her e¢ t must be shifted 
under a dragoon. 1851 Maynew ZL Latour (1861) 11. 
64 His pigeon-cote..is no longer stocked with carriers, 
dragoons, horsemen [etc.]. 

4. attrib, and Comb. 

1688 Evetyn Diary 23 Mar., The dragoon missioners, 
Popish officers and priests, fell upon them [French Protes- 
tants], murdered and put them to death. 1688 Lutrreti. 
Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 487 ‘Vhe duke of Grafton..was shott at 
by adragoon soldier. 1692 /颢. II. 402 Rigorous proceed- 
ings against the dragoon-converts. 1745 Gent/. Mag. XVII. 
416 A regiment of dragoon guards of 10.companies. 1828 
J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 257 A Light Dragoon 
horse, mounted. and accoutred complete, carries 2 cwt. 1 qr. 
14 lbs. 1858 CartyLe /redk. Gt ui. xi. (1865) I. 118 [A] 
rugged dragoon-major of a woman, 

Dragoon, v. [f. prec. sb.;. or ad. F. dvagonner 
(17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. ¢rans. To set dragoons upon, to force or drive 
by the agency of dragoons; to persccute or. 
oppress, as in the DRAGONNADES, 

1689 in Somers 7%acts (1795) II. 351 The Art of Dragoon- 
ing Men into Religion. .the Contrivance of Lewis XIV. 1692 
Pretences Fr, Invas. 12 Fo Dragoon all Men into the Kings 
Religion. 1738 Neav /fist. Purit. 'V. 566 His brother of 
France .. was dragooning his Protestant subjects out of his 
kingdom. 188r Pall A/all G. 3 Dec. 1/1 The necessity for 
dragooning the Irish or for abol-shing trial by jury. 

2. To force (27/0 a course, etc.) by rigorous and 
harassing measures. 

1689 Prior Ef. J. Shephard 136 Deny to have your free- 
born ‘oe Dragoon’d into a Wooden Shoe. 1794 Gopwin 
Cal, Williams 112 He dragooned men into wisdom. 1861 
Hucues Tom Brown at Oxf. xvi. (1889) 152 He wasn’t to 
be dragooned into doing or not doing anything. 

3. To exact free quarters from. 

1753. Epwarps in Mrs. Barbauld Richardson's Corr. 
(1804) ILI. 52 Nor ought I .. to be..a vagrant without any 
fixed habitation or to dragoon my friends throughout the 
year. 

Hence Dragoo‘ned ///. a., Dragooning v/. sd. 
and Af/. a.; also (szonce-wds.) Dragoo-nable a., 
capable of being dragooned ; Dragoo'nage, the 


action of dragooning. 

1691 New Discov. Old Intreague iii. 45 Domestick Heroes, 
whose Dragooning Hands Seek out no Forreign Wars, 
while they can plunder Friends. _/déd. vii. 3 Dragooning’s 
ceas’d. 1717 De Fos Mem. Ch. Scot. ut. 78 All the French 
Dragooning, the Popish Burnings, the Heathen Torturings 
that we read of. a@3745 Swirt Wks. (1841) II. 67 The next 
evil to that of being dragooned is that of living dragoonable. 
1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 426 That inextinguishable 
hatred which glowed in the bosom of the persecuted, dra- 
gooned, expatriated Calvinist of Languedoc. 1892 A the- 
nzum 24 Dec. 8833/3 Isaac Minet was..a witness of the 
‘dragooning’ persecution. 1894 Speaker 26 May 584/1 
Ecclesiastic and squirearchic almsgiving and dragoonage. 

Dragoonade: see DRaAGoNNADE. 


DRAGOON-BIRD. 
Dragoo'n-bird. A Brazilian bird (Cepha- 


erus ornatus), having a large, umbrella-like 


crest of feathers above the bill; also called wmbrella- ~ 


bird. in WessTeR. 


+Dragooner. 0s. Also 7 dragonier, 
-goner, -goneer, -gooneer. [f. DRaGoon sé. I, 
or immediately from French. Cf. Ger. dragoner, 
in 17th c. also ¢ragoner, draguner. 

In German, the word was already in regular use in the 
Thirty Years War, and in 1617 was ridiculed as a ‘fremd- 
wort ‘ or foreign word (Kluge). This, with the variant 17th c. 
English forms, and the fact that it was not a natural Eng. 
formation from dragoon, imply for the original a F. dra- 
gonnier ‘soldier armed with a dragoon or harquebus’, 
although this is not recorded in the dictionaries. OF. 
had dragonier in the sense ‘standard-bearer’, = med.L. 
dracénarius | 

1. =Dracoon sd. 2. 

1639 Lismore Papers Ser. 11. ‘1888) 1V. 27 The dragoneers 
..are commanded by one Colonell Stafford. 1642 Decé. 
Lords & Com., For Rais. Forces 22 Dec. 7 That the Dra- 
gooners be put into Companies, And that one hundred and 
twelve be alioread to a Company. c 1642 Twyxe in Wood 
Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 68 The kynges horsemen or 
troopers and dragoners. 1643 Sober Sadnes 35 They had 
a power could reach him; and this was the power of the 
Dragooneers. 1644-7 CLeveLanp Char. Lond. Diurn. 2 
The Emperick-Divines of the Assembly, those Spirituall 
Dragooners, thumbe it accordingly. 1672 T. Venn M/il. & 
Mar, Disctp. iti. 7 Five several kinds of men at Arms for 
the Horse Service, Lanciers, Cuirasiers, Harquebuziers, 
Carabiniers, Dragoniers. 1705 S. WHATELY in W. S. Perry 
Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. TY. 168 To raise the Dragooners 
and 5th men. 

2. A horse ridden by a dragoon. 

1642 Ord. & Declar. Lords & Com. 29 Nov. 11 Horses for 
service in the Field, Dragooners and Draught-Horses. 

3. [f. DRaGoon v.] One who dragoons or takes 
part in a dragonnade ; a rigid persecutor. 

1688 Reasons for Establ. Standing Army, in 5th Coll. 
Papers Funct. Affairs 14 The Dragooners have made more 
Converts than all the Bishops and Clergy of France. 1826 
Praep Poems (1865) I. 263 Who for long years had been 
a great dragooner. 

ra'g-rope (-r"p). A rope by which any- 
thing is dragged; sfec. that used in dragging a 
piece of ordnance. 

1766 Entick London IV. 345 Harness for horses, besides 
mens harness, drag-ropes, &c. 1893 Forses-MitcHELt 
Remin. Gt. Mutiny 46 The sailors manned the drag-ropes 
of the heavy guns. 

attrib, 1853 StocquELER Milit. Encycl., Drag-rope Men, 
.. the men attached to light or heavy pieces of ordnance, 
for the purpose of expediting movements in action. 

Dragsman (dre'gzmen). 

1. The driver of a drag or coach. 

1812 Sporting Mag. XX XIX. 284 He slanged the drags- 
man..which means that he sneaked away from the coach, 
without even apologizing for his want of means of paying. 
1840 Thackeray Shabby Genteel Story i, He had ., a nod 
for the shooter or guard, and a bow for the dragsman. 1885 
New Bk, Sports 166 Men do not drive nowadays with the 
skill which used to characterize the gentleman dragsman. 

2. Rogues’ cant. A robber of vehicles, a dragger. 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Dragsman, a thief who 
follows the game of dragging. 1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour 
(1862) II. 332 ‘Dragsmen’, i.e. those persons who steal 
goods or luggage from carts and coaches. 

3. One employed to drag a river-bed, etc. 

1896 Daily News 15 Apr. 6/5 When every inch of the dark 
river bed..has been raked. .the dragsmen..move round on 
to the towing path and begin again. 

Dra‘g-staff (-staf). A trailing pole hinged to 
the rear of a vehicle to check its backward move- 
ment when it stops in a steep ascent. 

769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. U1, 299 The Coach wanting 
al ragstaff, it ran back, in spite of all the Coachman’s 
Skill. 1794 W. Fetton Carriages (1801) II. Gloss. 6. 1806 
Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Life (1870) I. 53 The horses 
ran back on a very steep hill, and nothing but the drag- 
staff could have saved our lives. 


Drahen, Draht, obs. forms of Draw v., 
Draveut. 

Draidour, var. of Dreapour, Ods. 

Draif(f, obs. Sc. f. drove, pa. t. of DRIVE v. 

Draigle, Sc. form of DRaGGLE. 

Draiht(e: see Dretcn v.! 

Draik, Sc. var. of DRAKE; obs. f. DRAWK. 

+ Drail, v. Ots. Also drayl(e. Capp. an altered 
form of TRAIL, influenced by draw, , draggle.) 

1. “rans. To drag or trail along. 

1598 T. Bastarp Chrestoleros (1880) 21 First would 
I sterue myselfe .. these rude chufs should drayle me 
— their tayles. c1642 Twyne in Wood Life (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) I. 82 or men iy fom their pikes on the 
ground. 1 H. More Axtid. Idolatry To Rdr., He 
returned. .drailing his sheephook behinde him. 

2. intr. To trail, draggle, move laggingly. 

1598 Grenewry Jacitus’ Ann., Germanie i, 259 Neither 
going too hastily before the horsemen, nor dealing after, 
1716 Soutn Serm. (1737) VI. xii. |R.), Unless we have also 
a continual care to keep it from drailing in the dirt. » 

Drail (drail), sd. [f. prec. vb.] 

1. A fish-hook and line —— with lead to 
enable it to be dragged at a depth in the water; 
also, the weighted hook, and the weight, which is 
a conical piece of lead placed round the shank of 
the hook. (U. S.) 

1634 W. Woop New Eng. Pros. (1865) 38 These Macrills 


| others (drin). 


638 


are taken with drails, which is a small line, with a kad 
and hooke at the end of it. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 
195 Jigs and drails for the capture of cod, weakfish, Spanish 
mackerel, bass, bluefish, and dolphin. 1894 Youth's Com- 
panion (U.S.) 22 Nov. 562/4 ‘To whirl the lines .. armed 
with weighted hooks called ‘ drails *. 

+2. A long, trailing head-dress. Ods. rare. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 26 It is no marvell they weare 
drailes on the hinder part of their heads. 

3. Part of a plough: see quot. docal. 

1794 T. Davis Agric. Wilts in Archzol. Rev. Mar. (1888), 
Drail, the iron bow of a plough from which the traces 
draw, and which has teeth to set the furrow wider or 
narrower. 1834 Brit. Husb. 1, 161 The drail, by which 
they are now commonly attached, being at a. 

Drain (drzin), v. Also 6-7 drean(e, drayne, 
drane, 7-8 drein, dreyn, (dreign). [OE. dréah- 
nian (dréhnian, dréhnizean), prob. for *dréagnian, 
f. root dréag- :—OTeut. *draug- dry. 

It is remarkable that, after the OE. period, no example of 
this word is known to occur for 500 years, till the 16th c. 
(Richardson’s quot. of dreine from Lydgate, erroneously 
referred here, belongs to dereine, Deraicn.) The historical 
spelling is ¢rean, pronoun in some dialects (drén), in 
Drein, dreign, drain, drane, are non- 
etymological representations of (drén), on the analogy of 
rein, reign, rain, crane: cf. Fean, Fane.) 

I. +1. frans. To strain (liquid) through any 
porous medium. Ods. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 24 Ge drehnizead [v7 
drehniad; //atton G. drenied} pone gnatt awez. ¢ 1000 Sax. 
Leechd. \11. 72 Wyll swide well on buteran;-dreahna ut purh 
wyllene clad. cxgo0 Spir. Remedies in Halliw. Nuge Poet. 
67 Drayne it and dringke it with confescione. 1615 LatHam 
Falconry (1633) 95 Drean away what is left of the vineger. 
1626 Bacon Sy/va § 2 Salt-water drayned through twenty 
vessels. Mitton P. LZ. 11. 605 Old Proteus from the 
Sea, Draind through a Limbeck to his Native forme. 

2. To draw off or away (a liquid) gradually, or 
in small quantities, by means of a conduit or the 
like; to carry off or away by means of a drain. 

1 Levan /tin. 1. 99 A Causey of Stone with divers 
Bridges over it to dreane the low Medow Waters. . into Aire 
Ryver. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. /11, w. iv. 276 A hand-ker- 
cheefe .. did dreyne The purple sappe from her sweet 
Brothers body. 1639 Futter Hely War (1640) 2 The 
streams of milk and hony..are now drained drie. 167% tr. 
Frejus’ Voy. Mauritania 39 It is impossible to passe it, 
untill the waters .. are all dreined away. 1726 Adv. Caft. 


R. Boyle 28 A Puddle of Water, which I gave Directions to | 


be drain’d. 1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 621 
Small trenches are cut through the field to drain off the 
rain. 2 Harwan Eyesight ii. 29 The ordinary flow of 
tears is thus drained into the nostril. 

+b. To let fall in drops strained out. Obs. rare. 

1593 Suaks. 2 Hen, V/, m1. ii. 142 To draine Upon his 
face an Ocean of salt teares. : 

8. transf. and fig. To carry off, withdraw, take 
away as by a drain. 

1625-8 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. an. 1596 (R.), He..per- 
mitted those of Rome to exhaust and drain the wealth of 
England. 1673 Mitton 7rue Relig. Wks. (1851) 412 The 
Pope..was wont to dreign away greatest part of the wealth 
of this..Land. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia V1. v. iv. 433 To 
expend as much as it could possibly drain from its subjects. 

? 9g To drink (a liquid) off or to the last drops. 

1602 SHaxs. Ham. 1. iv. 10 He dreines his draughts of 
Renish downe, a1700 Drypen Ovid's Met. xv. (R.), Who 
. the sweet essence of amomum drains. 1823 Byron /sland 
1. vi, [They] drain’d the draught with an applauding cheer. 
31850 Kinastey A/t. Locke i, He drained the remaining drops 
of the three-pennyworth of cream. : 

5. intr. Of liquid: To percolate or trickle 


through ; to flow gradually off or away. 


1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xiv. 207 Let the bloud dreyne 
out, the mouing wax weake, the sences faile. 1628 Dicsy 
Voy. Medit. (1868) 80 They .. fill with fresh water; but 
I belieue it dreaneth thither from the higher land. 1673 
Ray Willughby's Fourn. Spain 478 The juice dreins down 
through the course sugar at the bottom. 17a§ Braviey 
Fam, Dict. s.v. Malt, Let the Water drein well and equally 
from the Corn. 1878 Huxiey Physiogr. 3 The vast volume 
of water sent down from above drains away seawards, 

II. 6. trans. To withdraw the water or moisture 
from (anything) gradually by straining, suction, 
formation of conduits, etc. ; to leave (anything) dry 
by withdrawal of moisture. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 88 Bodies dreined from 
the dregges of all corruption. HA Suaxs. Macé. 1. iii. 18 
Ile dreyne him drie as Hay. Mra. Worcester 
Cent. [nv.§ 100 Drein all sorts of Mines, and furnish Cities 
with water. a1687 Petry Pol. Arith. (1690) 66 Dutch 
Engineers may drain its Bogs. 1870 Lussock Orig. Civilis. 
vii. (1875) 315 In the valleys drained by the Sac an 
the San Joaquin. 1890 Apney Photography (ed. 6) 128 The 
emulsion may be drained .. by placing it on,a hair sieve. 
1896 Law Times C. 488/1 A pipe or sewer which also 
drained another house. E 4 

7. To empty by drinking ; to drink dry. 

1697 Drypen Virg. Past, 1. 53 Two Kids .. drein two 
bagging Udders every day. 1714 Pore Wife of Bath 214, 
I drain‘d the spicy nut-brown bowl. 1820 Keats Lamia 1. 
209 Where God Bacchus drains his cups divine. 1855 
a Dorrit 1. xxiii, They had drained the cup of life to 
the dregs. . 

8. transf. and fig. To deprive (a person or thing) 
of possessions, —— resources, strength, etc., 
by their gradual withdrawal ; to exhaust. 

1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 293 How the King of 
Fez had drained their Countrey. RYDEN Marr: a la 
Mode wi. i, You have .. drained all the French plays and 
romances. ane H, Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. 
(1786) I. 243 These expences .. drained him so much, that 


drain the count: best part of its 
Green Short Hist. iv. § 4. 189 The treasury .. was dra 
by his Norman wars. 
9. intr. To become rid of moisture by its gradual 
percolation or flowing away. 

Evetyn Xad. Hort. (1729) 217 Ha laid them 
[pots] side-long to drain. ns. Guassx ‘ookery xviii. 

to drain. Gral. R. 


Burton Mod. Photogr. (ed. 10) 142 The prints, as 
taken from the washing water, are allowed to drai 

Hence Drained (dréind), Af/. a. 

1611 Cotcr., Escoulé, drained. in Hartlib Legacy 
270 Trees .. planted in the drained Fens .. by Dutchmen. 
1725 Pore Odyss. xvut. 180 He .. the drain'd goblet to the 
chief restores. 1855 Tennyson Mand 1. i. 20 A scheme that 
had left us flaccid and drain’d. a 188 Rossetti Spring, 
Where the drained flood-lands flaunt their marigold. 

Drain (drén), sb. Forms: see prec. [f. Draty z.] 

1. A channel by which liquid is drained or 
gradually carried off ; esp. an artificial conduit or 
channel for carrying off water, sewage, etc. 

In the Fen districts, including wide canal-like navigable 
channels. Seg Penny Cycl. s.v. Bedford Level.) Else- 
—_— applied chiefly to covered sewage drains or field 

ains. 

1552 Hutoet, Drayne, sulcus. 1577-87 Hotinsnep Descr. . 

Brit. xv. (R.), Here also it receiueth the B: d x 
Longtoft dreane, Deeping dreane, and thence goeth. by 
Wickham into the sea. 1g80 Hottysanp 7 reas. /r. Tong, 
Vn Rayon..a drane to drawe the water out of a field. x 
Perys Diary 25 Sept., A stop at Charing Crosse, by reason 
of digging of a drayne there to clear the streets. 
Phil. Trans. X1X. 344 Through these Fens run great Cuts 
or Dreyns, in which are a great many Fish. 1739 tr. La 
Pluche's Nature Display'd U1. 9 Gentlemen convert their 
Marshes into good fruitful Meadows by contriving large 
Fosses and Drains to carry off the Water. 1860-1 Fo. 
Nicutincate Nursing ii. 23 Another great evil in house 
construction is carrying drains underneath the house. 1882 
Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 2/4 Several drains .. will be fishable to- 
morrow. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 13 Dec. 2/3 You are sometimes 
asked in Yorkshire to go for a picnic on the drain .. you 
discover that ‘drain’ is merely the local name for canal. 

Jig. 1683 Burnet tr. More's Utopia (1684) 165 Such a leud 
and vicious sort of People, that seem to have run together, 
as to the Drain of Humane Nature. 

+b. A teat. Obs. rare. 

1587 Mascatt Govt. Cattle (1627) 260 Euery pigge will 

but sucke his drene or teate. 
ec. Applied to a natural water-course which 
drains a tract of country. 

1700 Dryven Fad/es, Meleager § Atal. 93 A valley stood 
below: the common drain Of Waters from above, and 
falling rain. 1770 G. Wasnincton Writ, (1889) II. = 
The little runs and drains, that come through the hills. 
1876 V. L. Cameron Across Africa (1885) 511 The main 
drain of the country is the Walé nullah. 

d. Surgery. A tubular instrument used to draw 
off the discharge from a wound or abscess. 

1834 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) 11. 106 When the case is 
chronic setons or some other prot drain should never 
be neglected. 1880 MacCormac A ntisept. Surg. 18 There 
was immediate union of the flaps of the wounds save where 
the drains emerged. 

2. The act of draining or drawing off, drainage ; 
now only fig. constant or gradual outlet, with- 
drawal, or expenditure. 

172x Perry Dagyenh. Breach 10 Sluices or Trunks. .made 
for the drein of the Levels. 1732 Swirt Profos. Paying 
Nation. Debts Wks. 1761 IIL. 213 Remittances to pay ab- 
sentees .. and many other drains of money. ORSE 
Amer. Geog. 11. 392 Owing. .to the great drains of people 
sent to America. 1829 T. Moore Mem. be ak A sad 
drain upon my time. 1844-57 G. Birp Urin. ir aeeggag! 5) 
308 The excess of phosphates indicates the ‘drain’ on the 
nervous energies. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 307 Which 
caused no drain on the revenue of the state. 

8. That which is drained or drawn off; a small 
remaining quantity of liquid. b. séang, A drink. 

1836-9 Dickens Sh. Boz, Ginshops (D.), Two old men who 
came in ‘just to have a drain A —B Ho. xix, He 
stood drains round, 1868 C. H. Ross Bk. Cats, A... jug.- 
with a drain of milk in the bottom of it. 

4. pl. Dregs from which liquid has been drained. 
b. dial. Brewers’ grains from the mash-tub. 

1820 Keats 70 Nightingale 3,1 had .. emptied some dull 
opiate tothe drains. a 182g Forsy Voc. £. nglia, Drains, 

rains from the mash-tub, through which the wort has been 


nade: see GRENADE; drain-plough, a plough 


house. 1894 Daily News 23 Jan. 6/5 The *drain cocks blew 
out and the boilers emptied themsel 5 
bilges. me S. C. Scrivenrr Our Fields_& Cities 2 
‘The steam-driven pump—quite a di from the 
Fen *drain-exhauster, 1857 Chambers 
bstitution of water- ts and * = hea ai 
and ee cael 1884 pita. Mag. Nov. 921/2 ‘The 
rage ting on drain-pipe, ~¢ 
Cyel, Agric. 1, 706 The *drain plough was first introduced 
into Scotland y Mr. McEwan. 1720 Lond. Gas. No. 


DRAINABLE,. 


5869/3 A[n] Estate lying in Deeping Level .. subject to 
*Drain ‘faxes. 1858 Simmonps Dict. 7 rade, * Drain-traps, 
contrivances for preventing the escape of foul air from 
drains. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Drain-well, a pit sunk 
through an impervious stratum of earth to reach a pervious 
stratum and form a means of drainage for surface water. 


Drain, obs. pa. pple. of Draw v. 
‘ Drai-nable, a. Capable of being drained. 


161r Corcr., Escouladle, drainable. 1 ButHe Eng. 
Improv. Impr. (1653) 48 Some great Bog or Quagmire lying 
so flat as is not Draynable. 

Drainage (drénédz). [f. Drary v. + -ace.] 

1. The action or work of draining. << 
* 1652 in Stonehouse A.rholme (1839) 91 The works..within 
the dicage and draynage of the Levell of Hatfield Chase. 
1834 [see 3]. 1861 Smites Engineers Il. 152 Drainage by 
the old method of windmills, imported from Holland. | 1883 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Drainage, surgical, the use of a Drainage 
tube, or of strands of horse-hair, silk, or other material. .in 
a wound or suppurating cavity for the purpose of removing 
the fluids therein contained. 3 

Jig. Irvine Goldsmith xvi, 189 This constant 
drainage of the purse. 1882-3 Scnarr Excycl. Relig. Knowl. 
II, 905/2 That drainage by Rome of the very heart-blood 
of his fatherland. i a 

2. A system of drains, artificial or natural. 

31878 Huxtery Physiogr. 19 Such a line divides the western 
drainage of the country from its eastern drainage. 

b. Porous matter, broken fragments, etc , used 
to drain a flower-pot. (Cf. DRAINING 3 ) 

1892 Garden. 27 Aug. 191 Pots..filled about three parts 
of their depth with clean drainage. 

& That which is drained off by a system of 
drains ; sewage. 

1834 in Penny Cycl. XX1. 314/2 Their ideas of. .drainage 
never extended to more than taking away the surface 
drainage. 1857 Chambers’ Informat. for People 1. 495 The 
drainage..rises through a false perforated bottom. covered 
with peat-charcoal. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea § 555 
Lake Titicaca .. receives the drainage of the great inland 
basin of the Andes. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as drainage-area, -district, 
-shaft, -system, -tent; drainage-soaked adj.; drain- 
age-anchor, -tube: see quots. 1883. 

1799 G. Situ Laboratory I. 69 Pumps .. for carrying off 
the drainage water. 1847 Act 10 4 1x Vict. c. 34 § 23 
Separate drainage districts. 1869 R. B. Smytn Gold-/, 
Victoria 610 ‘he main shaft in which the pumps..are fixed 
.. is sometimes called the water shaft, and the drainage 
Shaft. 1873 J. Gerke Gt. ce Age (1894) 549 The drainage- 
area of Maggiore, Lugano, and Como. 1881 Moore & 
Masters “fit. Gard. 143 Keeping the..soil from mixing 
with the drainage crocks. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Drainage 
anchor .. an india-rubber filament with laterally projecting 
arms .. introduced within a cannula into the cavity of an 
abscess. /bid., Drainage tube, a small.. india rubber or 
coiled wire or other tube, with lateral perforations .. passed 
through a cannula into the .. cavity to be drained. 189 
R. Kreuine City Dreadf. Nt. 6 The damp, drainage-soaked 
seil is sick with the teeming life of a hundred years, 

Drainer ((dré"na1). [f. as prec. +-ER 1] 

1. One who drains ; esp. one whose business is to 
construct field-drains. 

1611 Cotar., Espuiseur, a drayner ; exhauster, emptier of 
moisture. @1661 Futter Worthies, Bedfordsh. 115 The 
Drayners of the fenns have. .secured the County against his 
power for the future. 1667 Ducuess Newcastle Life Dk. 
of N. 1. (1886) 224 It is a part of prudence in a common- 
wealth or kingdom to encourage drainers, 1717 S. SEWALL 
Diary 23 Aug. (1882) III. 136 Gave the workmen 2s., 
Dreaners 6d. 1837 Howitt Rur. Life vi. xv. (1862) 576 As 
the drainer cuts his drain in the greensward of the meadows. 
1868 Browninc Ring § Bk. 1x. 1277 This drainer to the 
dregs O' the draught of conversation. 


Jig. Worton in Relig. Wotton. (1672) 105, I must 
note the i at Legats and Dreyners. 1824 Byron Yuan 
xv. iv, The drainer of oblivion, even the sot. 


2. That which drains; a drain; a vessel in which 
moist substances are put to drain. 

1598 FLorio, Goccio/atoio, a gutter or drainer in a house. 
3662 Sir W. Ducpate Hist. Embank. § Drain. (1772) 164 
An old gote and drainer called Symond’s gote. 1696 
Epwarps Demonstr. Exist. God 1. 99 The gall-bladder in 
the hollow part of the liver, is the dreiner for choler. 1730 
A. Gorvon Maffei's Amphith. 319 He makes his Theatre 
to have had Drainers for Water, and a Roof. x Js. 
Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 208 While the curd 
is pressing in the drainer, it ought to be set before a good 
fire, 1880 Lomas Alkali Trade 229 The white salt in the 
drainer may be washed with water. 

Draining, v2/. sb. [f. Drarn v, + -1NG 1] 

1. The action of the verb Drain in various 
senses ; drainage. 

1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Deriuatio..a turning: a 
drayning. 1599 Minsneu Sf. Dict., Esguazo, the drainin 
or drawing of water from a boggie or marrish ground. 
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man, u. ix. 209 The drayning of the 
great Levelin Northamptonshire. 1753 N. TorriaNo Gangr. 
Sore Throat go The Inside of the Nose remained perfectly 
clear, and free, nor was there any running or draining from 
thence. 1834 Penny Cycl. I. 225/1 The subsoil is..not wet 
for want of outlet or draining. 1849 CospEn Speeches 73 
This inordinate one upon the prosperity of the country. 

2. That which is drained off; =DRarnacr 3. 

i ra Penny Cycl, 1. 228/r Liquid manure. .drainings of 
dunghills. ‘ 

3. Something used to drain a flowér-pot, etc. 

1852 Beck's Florist 224 Plant them singly in a 6o-size 
pot..with plenty of drainings in the bottom, 

4. attrib. and Comb., as draining-auger, -brick, 
-engine, -machine, -plough, -pot, -tile, -well, etc. 


1629 Drayner Conf. (1647) Aijb, A great guid in this’ 


drayning businesse. 1712 J. Jamestr. Le Blona’s Gardening 


639 


41 Draining Wells should be made, at convenient Distances. 
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) I. 415 Another 
form of draining-brick for forming larger sorts of drains. 
1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 122/1 A draining plough has been 
invented which. . greatly accelerates the operation of forming 
drains. 1874 Knicut Dict. Alech., Draining-auger, a 
horizontal auger occasionally used for boring through a bank 
to form a channel for water. /bid., Draining-machine, a 
form of filter or machine for expediting the separation of a 
liquid from the magma or mass of more solid matter which 
it saturates. /bid., Draining-pot (Sugar-manu/facture), an 
inverted conical vessel in which wet sugar is placed to drain. 

Drai‘nless, az. [f. Drain sd. or v.+-LEss.] 
That cannot be drained or exhausted ; inexhaust- 
ible, exhaustless. 

1817 Keats Steep & Poetry, A drainless shower Of light 
is poesy. 1818 Suectey Nev. /slam v. lii, Sad tears turning 
To mutual smiles, a drainless treasure. 

isine (diéizin). Also draisene, erron, 
draisnene. [a. F. dradstine, draistenne, Ger. 
dratsine, f. name of the inventor, Baron Drais of 
Saverbrun near Mannheim.J] ‘The earliest form 
of bicycle; = Danpy-HORSE. 

1818 L’fool Mercury 24 Apr., Experiments with Drais- 
vennes (a species of carriage moved by machinery without 
horses). 1879 Lit. World (U.S.) 30 Aug. 275/3 One of its [the 
velocipede’s] rudimentary forms was ‘the draisine’, a cumber- 
some machine invented by Baron Von Drais, of Mannheim 
on the Rhine .. ‘The improved draisine soon reached 
America. 1884 Longm. Mag. Mar. 485 The dandy-horse, 
hobby or draisnene, was a two-wheeled vehicle. 

Drait, obs. pa. t. of Drive. 

Drake ! (dré‘k). Forms 1 draca, (7 drack), 3- 
drake. [OE. dvaca:—Com. WGer. *drako, a. L. 
draco dragon: cf. MDu, MLG., OFris. drake, 
mod.Du. draak, OHG. trahho, MUG. trache, Ger. 
drache; also ON. dreki (Sw. drake, Da. drage).] 
(See also FIRE-DRAKE. ) 

1. =Dracon 2. Also a representation of this 
used as a battle-standard. Ods. or arch. 

Beowulf (Th.) 5371 Pa was ..frecne fyr-draca, fahda 
semyndiz. azooo Martyrol. (E. E.'T.S.) 90 Of pere com 

an micel draca ond abat bone priddan dal bas hadnan 

olces. ¢1200 Ormin 1842 Forr patt he shollde fihhtenn 
Onn3zn an drake. c1z0g Lay. 15962 Pas tweie draken 
[c 1275 drakes]. /did. 27244 Pa lette he sette up bene drake, 
heremerken unimake. 13.. A. Adis. 554 Theo lady gede 
to theo drake. c1q460 Towneley Alyst. (Surtees) 259 If it 
were the burnand drake Of me styfly he gatt a strake. 
1570 Levins Manip. 12/14 Drake, dragon, draco. 1597 
Constasie /oems (1859) 53 The pryde of heauen became 
the drake of hell. [1892 Storr. Brooke E. Eng. Lit. iii. 
71 Three hundred years before Beowulf met the drake.] 

b. A serpent; = Dracon 1. Obs, 

c1000 Panther 16 (Bosw.) Is Sat deor pandher, se 
is zt-hwam freond, butan dracan anum. cx1000 Ags. Js. 
xcfi]. 13 (Th.) Pu ofer aspide miht eade gangan .. and leon 
and dracan liste zebygean. 

+c. A monster of the waters; = DRAGON 3. Ods. 

cxo00 Ags. Ps. Ixxiii[i]. 13 Swylce gebrece pat dracan 

heafod deope watere. /éid. cxlviii. 7 Herizgen dracan 
swylce Drihten. 

+2. A fiery meteor: see FIRE-DRAKE 2. Ods. 

¢1205 Lay. 25594 Pa com per westene winden mid ban 
weolcen a berninge drake. 1393 Gower Cou/. III. 96 Lo 
where ‘the firie drake alofte Pieeth up in thaier. 1610 
Guitum Heraldry im. iii. (1660) 116 Fearfull. .fiery Drakes, 
and Blazing bearded-light, Which frights the World. 

+3. Name of a species of ordnance; a small 
sort of cannon. Ods. exc. Hist. 

1625 J. Granvitt Voy. to Cadiz (1883) 75 Wee discharged 
upon them some of our Drakes or field peices loaden with 
small shott. 1627 aking of St. Esprit in Harl. Misc. 
(Malh.) III. 550 Two drakes upon the half deck, being 
brass, of sacker bore. 1691 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 
II. 170 Mr, Bellingham having lately invented a sort of 
gun, called a drake, to serve in nature of feild peices, 
and may be carried behind a man on horseback. 1755 
Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 266 Two ships had .. landed at 
Leith, six culverins and nine drakes. 1894 WoLseLey 


» Marlborough 11. 157 Yen demiculverins, twelve drakes, 


two three-pounders, and some mortars. 

4. An angler’s name for species of Ephemera: 
the green drake is the common day-fly (Z. vz/- 
gata). (See also drake-fly in DRAKE.) 

1658 R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 66 It was only with 
dracks that I killed these trouts. 1676 Cotron Walton's 
Angler viii, The drake..is to be found in flags and grass 
too, and indeed everywhere, high and low, near the river, 
1799 G. Smit Laboratory 11. 282 The drake or true cad- 
fly, called by many the May-fly, from the month in which 
it is in season. 1884 G. F. Brairnwairr Salonide of 
Westmorland vi. 26 The most beautiful species of our 
ephemera, the green and grey drakes. 

5. A beaked galley, or ship of war of the Vikings. 
(Cf. ON. dreki.) 

1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden 1. 199 note, Those in 
which the vikings were buried in their drake. bid. 438 
A viking was discovered at Hatuna, interred in his drake. 


6. attrib. and Comb., as drake-head ; drake-shot 


' from sense 3. 


c1205 Lay. 18231 Pendragun an Brutisc Draken hefd 
(¢ 1275 Drake-heued] an = az225 Ancr. R. 246 

hauest forschalded. .pe drake h d. 1755 Mem. Capt. 
P. Drake il. iii. 77 A Drake Shot, otherwise a Four 


Pounder. 

Drake? (dré'k). In 5 drak, 6 Sc. draik, (7 
draig). [ME., first found in 13th ¢., corresponding 
to northern and central Ger. dial. draak, drake, 
drache (same sense); this is app. the second element 


in OHG. antrahho, antrehho, MHG. antreche, 


DRAM. 


Ger. enterich, 1399 endtrich, Ger. dial. endedrach, 
antrek, antrecht, entrach, Sw. (from LG.) and- 
drake, the first element usually explained as een, 
end, ente, and, ant, anut ‘duck’, though the OHG. 
forms offer difficulties. The compound form is 
not known in English. 

If *drako, *drakko, *drekko was originally the W.Ger. 
name of the male of the duck, the word for ‘duck’ may 
have been prefixed to distinguish it from the similar forms 
of Drake!l. (The notion that ME. arake was shortened 
from an OE. *andrake has no basis of fact, and the con- 
jecture that the word contains the suffix -ric, -vich, ‘ chief, 
mighty, ruler’, is absurd.)) 

1. The male of the duck, and of birds of the 
duck kind. 

¢1300 //avelok 1241 Ne gos ne henne Ne the hende, ne 
the drake. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. 2450 Phyllis, With- 
oute lore as can a drake sweme. ¢1450 Hottanpn Howlat 
210 With grene almouss on hed, schir Gawane the Drak. 
1g00-20 Dunpar Poems \xiii. 46 Huntaris of draik and 
duik. | 1639 Sir R. Gorpon Hist. Earldom Sutherland 3 
Ther is..duke, draig, widgeon, teale..and all other kinds 
of wildfowl. 187 Darwin Desc. Man (1888) 393 The 
common drake..after the breeding-season is well known to 
lose his male plumage for a period of three months. 

2. attrib. and Comb., as drake-neck, + -nosed, 
adjs.; + drake-fly, an artificial fly dressed with 
breast feathers of a drake; drake-stone, a flat 
stone thrown along the surface of water so as 
alternately to graze it and rebound in its course. 

a1450 Fysshynge w. Angle (1883) 35 The drake flye, the 
body of blacke wull..wynges of the mayle of the blacke 
drake. 1575 Appius & Virg. in Hazl. Dodsiey 1V. 151 ‘Vhat 
drousy drakenosed drivel, 1828 De Quincey in Blackw. 
ppears at a remote part of the 

called a drake-stone on the surface of 
a river, 1847-8 — Protestantism Wks. VIII. 130 The 
boyish sport sometimes called ‘drake-stone’: a flattish 
stone is thrown by a little dexterity so as to graze the sur- 
face of a river. 1884 Lit. IWorld (U.S.) 481/3 Bound 
in drake-neck blue vellum cloth. 1889 Darly News 5 Jan. 
5 ‘There are few handsomer sea-fowl than the drake eider. 

Drake, obs. form of Drawk sd. 

Dram (driem),sd.1 Also 5 drame, 5-7 dramme. 
[phonetic spelling of earlier Dracum, dragm, 
also in OF. drame. See also DracuMa, Diruem.] 


+1. =Dracum 1, the ancient Greek coin. Ods, 

1440 Hyiton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xlviii, What 
woman..that hath lost a drame. 1526 /’slg7. /'e7. (W. de 
W. 1531) 242 A certayne coyne..called a dramme. 

2. A weight, orig. the ancient Greck DRACHMA ; 
hence, in Apothecaries’ weight, a weight of 60 
grains = 2 of an ounce; in Avoirdupois weight, of 
274 grains=y4 of an ounce; =DRACHM 2. Also 
the Arabic DiruEM, used from Morocco to Persia 
and Abyssinia. 

61440 Prontp. Parv.130/2 Drame, wyghte, drama, dragma. 
1§55 Even Decades 12 Stones of gold weighing .x. or .xii. 
drammes.. r60r Suaxs. A/?’s IVeld 11. itt, 233, Yes good 
faith, eu’ry dramme of it, and I will not bate thee a scruple. 
1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. 27 A Dram of Saffron, tied in 
a Rag. 1892 W. K. Burton Mod. Photogr. (ed. 10) 17 
Four ounces of sulphide of soda. .one dram of citric acid. 

3. a. A fluid dram (= } fluid ounce) of medicine, 
etc.; hence b. A small draught of cordial, stimu- 
lant, or spirituous liquor. Also fig. 

e590 Play of Sir Thomas More (Shaks. Soc.) 93 Thou 
shalt see me take a dramme .. Shall cure the stone. 1g92 
Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. v. i. 60 Let me haue A dram of 
poyson. x611 — Wnt, 7.1. ii. 320. 1642 RoGers Naa- 
man 38 Surely .. hee must put more drammes and drugges 
to the Physicke. 1682 Bunyan Holy War (Cassell) 208, 
Ihave a cordial of Mr. Forget-Good’s making, the which, 
sir, if you will take a dram of .. it may make you 
bonny and blithe. 1723 Swirt Frenzy of $. Denny Wks. 
1755 III. 1. 143 The dram, sir? Mr. Lintot drank up all the 
gin just now. 1749 Fierpinc 7om Yones xv. iv, You cer- 
tainly want acordial. I must send to Lady Edgely for one 
of her best drams, 1752 Scots Mag. July (1753) 338/2 They 
went in, and drunk some drams, 1768-74, Tucker Li. 
Nat. (1852) Il. 145 Unless you keep up their spirits con- 
tinually with a dram of the same [variety]. 1807 Avz. 
Reg. 80 They were like a dram given to the country which 
for the moment might increase its power, but which would 
be followed by greater languor and debility. 1877 Brack 
Green Past. xxxi, She to her spinning-wheel and he to his 
long clay and his dram. 

4. fig. (of 2 and 3.) = DRAcH™ 3. 

1566 Drant Horace, Sat. 111. Biij, No dram he had of 
constancy. 1646 P. BuLKELey Gospel Covt. 1. 77 Wrath, 
without any dram of mercy to allay the bitternesse of the 
cup. 1709 Hearne Collect, 11 Mar., Having not one dram 
of ning. é te 

5. Canada and U.S. A collection of ‘cribs’, 
forming a section of a raft of staves: see quot. 
1892 and cf. Crip sé.14. (Perh. a distinct word.) 

1878 Encycl. Brit. 1V.774/2 (Canada) The cribs floated 
from the far inland timber limits are collected into what are 
called drams .. and so many drams form a raft. 1892 Eng. 
Iilustr. Mag. Sept. 885 A raft is made into sections, or 
‘drams’, each .. about 200 feet long and fifty feet wide. 
About ten ‘drams’ make a raft. 

6. attrib. and Comb. (in sense 3) dram-bottle,-cup, 
-dish, -glass, -house, -pot, -shop, (in sense 2) dram- 
dose,-weight; dram-drinker, one addicted to drink- 
ing drams, a tippler ; dram-drinking, tippling. 

1674 Lond. Gaz, No. 851/4 Two Silver Beakers, and two 
Silver *Dram Cups. 1762 Gotpsm. C7#. W. cii, By flourish- 
ing a dice-box in one hand, she generally comes to brandish 
adram-cup in the other. 1722 Sond: Gaz. No. 6079/9 One 


DRAM. 


small *Dram Dish. 1744 Berketey Siris § 108 Some tou, 

*dram-drinker. acauLay Hist. Eng. UI. 554 An 
old dram drinker or an old opium eater. 1772 Witmer in 
Phil. Trans. UX1V. 341 Her old custom of *dram-drinking. 
1716 Appison Drummer ut. i, 1 have a *dram-glass just by. 
1752 Scots Mag. Aug. (1753) 393/2 They drank two or three 
drams at a *dram-house. 1691 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 
197 And make themselves drunk with their *dram-pots. 

39 Lincoln, Boston, etc. Gaz. 12 Feb. 3/3 A detached 
part of these premises is a *dram-shop. 1611 FLorio, 
Dramma, a *Dram-waight. 1632 Rutwerrorp Lett, (1862) 
1. 88 Sell not one dram-weight of God’s truth. 

Dram, s/.2_ [Short for Drammen.] Timber 
from Drammen in Norway. Also atérib. 

1663 Gersier Counsel 64 Yellow Fur (called Dram) being 
very good. 1676 Phil. Trans. XI. 721 You must take the 
finest streightest grain of your Dram deal. 1858 Skyring’s 
Builders’ Prices 62 It is customary to allow four cuts.. 
when cut by the load, and two to the Berwick or dram, 


ditto. 
Dram, v. [f. Dram sb.1] 


1. intr. To drink drams; to tipple. 

1715 [see Drammer below]. 1752 H. WALPOLE Lett. 28 
Aug., Melancholy..is not strong enough, and he grows to 
dram with horror. 175§ Connotsseur No. 53 ? 5 To dram 
it by authority, and to get tipsy secundum artem. 

2: trans. To give a dram or drams to; to ply 
with stimulants. 

1770 Warton Newsman's Verses (D.), Dram your poor 
newsman clad in rags. 1855 THACKERAY Newcomes xxviii. 
(1868) II. 335 Ihe parents. .are getting ready their daughter 
for sale .. praying her, and imploring her, and dramming 
her, and coaxing her. 

Hence Dra‘mming vé/. 56.; also Dra‘mmer, 
Dra'mmist. 

1715 Cueyne Philos. Conject. & Disc. (L.), Habitual 
drinkers, drammers, and high feeders. 1755 Haves in PAdz. 
Trans. XLIX. 332 The most zealous advocates for drams, 
even the unhappy besotted dramists themselves. 1772 
Frankun Antobiog. Wks. 1887 I. 74 Whether they dis- 
cover'd his dramming by his breath, or by his behaviour. 

+ Dram, az. Sc. [Origin uncertain. Cf. Gael. 
trom, heavy, sad, melancholy.) Sad, melancholy. 

1g00-20 Dunaar Poems lii. 23, | pray That never dolour 
mak him dram. 1§13 Doucias 4/vets iv. Prol. 157 Quhat 
honestie or renoun is to be dram? 1570 Satir. Poems 
Reform. x, 16 Paill of the face. . Deid eyit, dram lyke. 

Drama (dra‘mi). Also 6 drame, 7 dramma. 
[a. late L. drama drama, play (Ausonius), a. Gr. 
Spapa deed, action, play, esp. tragedy, n. of action 
from 5pay to do, act, perform. In earliest use in 
form drame as in Fr. (1707 in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. A composition in prose or verse, adapted to 
be acted upon a stage, in which a story is related 
by means of dialogue and action, and is repre- 
sented with accompanying gesture, costume, and 
scenery, as in real life; a play. 

1515 Barctay /-glogesiv. (1570) C vj/1 Such rascolde drames 
promoted by Thais, Bacchus, Licoris, or yet by Thestalis. 
1616 B. Jonson /pigr. cxii, | cannot for the stage a drama 
lay, Tragic or comic. 1636 Heywoop Loves Mistresse Ded., 
Neither are Dramma’s of this nature so despicable. 1641 
Mitton CA, Govt. 1. Introd., The Scripture also affords us 
a divine pastoral drama in the Song of Solomon. 1670 
Lassets /’ay, /taly 1. (1698) 140 (Stanf.) The several Opera's 
or Musical Dramata are acted and sung. 1795 Mason CA. 
Mus. i. 24 Their Tragic Dramas .. being usually accom- 
panied by Instruments. 1852 Hattam Lit. “ss., E. Eavehens 
Drama 2 The Orfeo of Politian .. the earliest represented 
drama, not of a religious nature, in a modern language. 

2. With ‘he: Vhe-dramatic branch of literature ; 
the dramatic art. 

1661 Middleton's Mayor of Queenborough Pref. Wks. 
(Bullen) II. 3 His drollery yields to none the English 
drama did ever produce. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 13 P 5 
‘The received Rules of the Drama. 1 27 Porr, etc. Art KA 
Sinking xvi. Wks. 1757 VI. 219 (Stanf.) The Drama, whic 
makes so great and so lucrative a part of Poetry. 1857 
H. Reep Lect. Brit. Poets viii. 284 The true agape of 
the drama as an imaginative imitation of life. 1861 M. 
Pattison Ess. 1. 46 The lover of the Elizabethan drama. 

3. A series of actions or course of events havin 
aunity like that of a drama, and leading to a fina 
catastrophe or consummation. 

1714 J. Suare Serm. I, xiii. (R.), It helps to adorn the 
re rama and contrivances of God's providence. 1778 
Iason Gray G.'s Poems 2 That peculiar part which he act 
in the varied Drama of Society. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace 
i. Wks, VIII. 78 The awful drama of Providence now acting 
on the moral theatre of the world, 1876 E.Mextor Priesth. 
ii. 58 That great drama which was to culminate in the death 

of Christ. 

Dramatic (drimz'tik), a. (sb.) [ad. late L. 
dramatic-us, a. Gr, 5pdparieds pertaining to drama, 
f, Spaya, Spapar- Drama: (cf. F. dramatique).] 

1. Of, pertaining to, or connected with the, or 
a, drama ; dealing with or employing the forms of 
the drama, 

1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xv. (Arb) 49 Foure 
sonary formes of Poesie Drammatick..to wit, the Satyre, 
olde Comedie, new Comedie, and Tragedi 1680 J. 
Auprey in Shaks. C. Praise 383 He ——— = to make 
essayes at Dramatique Poetry. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) 
III, 196, I have never written any dramatic piece whatso- 
ever. 1824 W. Irvine 7. 7rav. 1. 280 The dramatic corps. 
1885 Maser Coutins Prettiest Woman viii, She played 
the part of the dramatic critic. 


2. Characteristic of, or appropriate to, the drama ; 
often connoting animated action or striking pre- 
sentation, as in a play; theatrical. 


640 


. 
1723 Pore Odyss. Postscr., The whole structure of that 
work [Iliad] is dramatick and full of action. Foore 
ie 3 Calais 111. Wks. 1799 11. 378 There seems to be a kind 
of dramatic justice ray A change of your two situations. 
1855 Brimiey £ss., Tennyson 9 That dramatic unity de- 
manded in works of art. 1878 Leckxy Eng. in 18th C. (1883) 
I. 176 The destruction of a great and ancient institution is 
an eminently dramatic thing. ‘ 
B. sé. +1. A dramatic poet ; a dramatist. Ods. 
ed G. Danie Poems Wks. 1878 ot ot Hee was, of 
English Drammatickes, the Prince. a@ Butter Rem. 
(1759) I. 164 No longer shall Dramatics be confin'd To 
draw true Images of all Mankind. a 1741 Gray Lett. Wks. 
1884 II. rog Put me the following lines into the tongue of 
our modern dramatics. ‘ : 

2. pi. Dramatic compositions or representations ; 
the drama. 

1684 W. Winstantey Eng. Worthies, Shaks. 345-7 In all 
his writings hath an unvulgar Style, as well in his. . Poems, 
as in his PDraninsateke 171x SHarress. Charac. (1737) 
I. 265 We read epicks and dramaticks, as we do satirs and 
lampoons. 1880 C. Keene Let. in G. S. Layard Life x. 
(1892) 308 The prevailing mania for dramatics. 

Dramartical, a. (sd.) [f. as prec. + -AL.] = 
Dramatic a.1. (Now rare.) 

1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. u. (R.), Drama- 
ticall, or representative [poesy] is as it were, a visible 
history. a1652 J. Smitn Se?. Disc. vi. iv. (1821) 221 The 
whole dramatical series of things. 1721 Appison Sect. No. 
1o1 P 7 A Dramatical Performance written in a Language 
which they did not understand. 1854 Fraser's Mag. £ 
591 Fletcher was the dramatical parent of Congreve. 

B. sé. pl. =Dramatics sb. Obs. rare. 

¢1826 Moir in Wilson's Wks. (1855) I. 198 Then bid 
Bryan Procter beat To dramaticals retreat. 

Dramartically, adv. [f. prec. +-Ly ?.] 

a. In a dramatic manner ; from a dramatic point 
of view. b. With dramatic or theatrical effect. 

a 1652 J. Smitu Se/. Disc. vi. 192 The outward frame of 
things dramatically set forth. 17§9 Sterne 77. Shandy II. 
viii. 57 This plea, tho’ it might save me dramatically, will 
damn me biographically. 1836-9 Dickens S&. Boz (C. D. 
ed.) 200 He stalked dramatically to bed. 

Dramaticism (drame'tisiz’m). [f. Dramatic 
a.+-18M.] Dramatic character or quality. 

1878 T. Sixctair Mount 80 More than its dramaticism and 
epicism. 1890 Athenzum 6 Dec. 775/2 The dramaticism 
frequent among Niveteenth Century writers of blank verse, 

Dramarticle, -icule. Also erron. -ucle. [f, 


L. drama, dramat- with dim. suffix.] A miniature 

or insignificant drama. 

T, Twininc Recreat. & Stud. (1882) 168 His two 
a 


Dra‘matism. [fas Dramatist +-1s]. Dra- 
matization, dramatized form. 

1834 Antobiog. Dissenting Minister 122 He could no 
longer amuse his flock with the dramatism of devotion. 

| Dramatis persone (dre'miatis poisden7). 
Abbreviated dram. fers. [L.; =persons of a 


| drama.] The characters of a drama or play; the 


actors ina drama. /7t. or fig. 

1730 Fiecpinc Temple Beau 1. vi. Wks. 1882 VIII. 117 
There is (to give you a short Dramatis Personae) my 
worthy uncle [etc.]. 1806 J. Jay Corr. & Pub. Papers 
(1893) IV. 308 Whether this distant nation is to appear 
among the dramatis personae cannot now be known. 18ax 
Byron Diary 13 Jan., Sketched the outline and Dram. 
Pers. of a.. tragedy. 1895 Law Times XCIX. 547/1 
His dramatis persone included a low attorney. _ 

atist (dre'miatist). [f. Gr. dpaua, dpa- 
par- DraMa+-ist: cf. F. dramatéste (1787 in 
Hatz.-Darm.).] A writer or composer of dramas 
or dramatic poetry ; a play-wright. (Also fig.) 

1678 Cupwortn /ntell. Syst. 879 They .. impatiently cry 
out against the Dramatist, and presently condemn the Plot. * 
1742 Youne N¢, Th. 1x. 358 To see the —. Dramatist’s 
last Act..in Glory rising o’erthe rest. @ UCKLE Misc. 
Wks. (1872) I. 483 In every country the dramatists have 
preceded the meta hysicians. 

atization (dremitoizé'fan). [f next 
nym | The action of dramatizing ; conver- 
sion into drama; a drathatized version, 

1795 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. X1X.482 The ted 
list of his dramatizations. 1846 Dickens Lett, (1880) I. 165, 
I really am bothered..by this confounded dramatization of 
the Christmas book. pf Be Maine Hist, Just. ix. 253 A 
dramatisation of the origin of Justice. 

© (dre'mataiz), v. [f.as DRaMATIST 
+128.) 

1. ¢rans. To convert into a drama; to put into 
dramatic form, adapt for representation on the 
stage. 

1780-83 [see Dramatizep]. 1810 Scotr Fam. Lett. 22 Dec.. 
They are busy dramatizing the Lady of the Lake here and 
in Dublin. 1884,aw 7imes 27 Sept. oF 2 The play 
‘Called Back,’ dramatised from the novel of that name. 

b. adso/. To write dramas. 

en Sorte Horatjanae 125 Scrawl, dramatize .. do what * 
ye will, 

2. To describe or represent dramatically. 

1823 Apotrnus in Lockhart Scott Aug., To exert the 
talent of dr izing and. .rep ing in his own person 
the incidents he told of. 1894 Howes in Harper's Mag. 
Feb. 2 The men continue to dramatize a struggle on the 
floor below. 


44} 


DRAP-DE-BERRY. 
8. intr. (for pass). To admit of dramatization. 
Ce BT ae a Mooney. Mag XLVIL. s3¢ The 
story would dramatize admiratly. es : 


4. trans. Lager by the drama. nonce-use. 

r Morn. C. in Spirit Pub. Fruls. (1800) 111. 
Some might take their in the th = » on 
the audience into loyalty. 

Hence Dra‘matized f/. a., Dra‘matizing v//. 
sb. and ppl. a.; also Dra‘matizable a., (Webster, 
1864) ; Dra‘matizer, one who dramatizes. 

Bs W. Tooxe Russia (Webster 1828), A dramatized 
extract from the history of the Old and New Testaments. 

Westm. Rev. XVII. 226 The dramatizer of Cooper's 
, i @ 1834 Lams Charac. Dram. Writers, Rowley 
Wks. 530 Our delicacy. .forbids the dramatising of distress. 
1862 Merivace Rom. Erp. (1865) V. xii. 99 The dramatized 
histories of the English Emexson Lett. & Soc. 


Aims Wks. (Bohn) III, 221 A sort of dramatizing talent. 
Dramaturge (dre mataidz). [a. F. drama- 


turge (1787), ad. Gr. 5papatoupyés composer of 
drama, f. 5papua, Spaparo- DRAMA + épyev to work, 
-epyos working, worker.] = DRaMATURGIST. 

[1859 7imes 17 Nov. 8/2 Schiller was starving on a salary 
of 200 dollars per annum, which he received. .for his ser- 
vices as ‘ dramaturg ’ or literary manager.] 1870 4‘heneum 
12 Mar. 366 M. lou. .that indefatigable d 4 
1882 Symonps Animi Figura 118 Fate is the dramaturge ; 
necessity Allots the parts. 

Dramatu'rgic, 2. [f. Gr. dpaparoupy-ds (see 

rec.) +-I¢.] Pertaining to dramaturgy ; dramatic, 

istrionic, theatrical. 

1831 Beppoes Let. Jan. in Poems p. xcvi, So muchfor 
my dramaturgic ideas on playbills. 1845 CartyLe Crom- 
weil (1871) 1. 158 Some form [of worship] not grown drama- 
turgic to us, but still awfull pekobon ter us. 1883 Mag. 
of Art June 315/1 That lack of dramaturgic science. 

So Dramatu'rgical a. 

1865 F. Hatt Dasa-riépa Pref. 5 To propound..a few dra- 
maturgical definitions. 

Dra‘maturgist. [f.as prec. +-1sT.] A com- 
poser of a drama; a play-wright. 

r8as Cartvie Schiller u. (1845) 63 Notwithstanding. .alt 
the vaunting of dramaturgists. 1843 — ast § Pr. i. 
ii, ‘The World Dramaturgist has written, Zreunt. 

“ma . [mod. ad. Gr. dpaparoupyia 
composition of dramas: cf. F. dramaturgie (17th 
c.), Ger. dramaturgie.] 

1. Dramatic composition ; the dramatic art. 

x80r W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. X11. 224 Lessing’s 
Dramaturgy. 1805 /bid. XX. 41 Lessing..published a 
weekly paper, entitled the Hamburg Dramaturgy. 1883 
Sat. Rev. 28 Mar. 419/2 The immortal ac Feces, in 
which the ‘ Nursery’ and its dramaturgy are an 

2. Dramatic or theatrical — 

1837 CartyLe Diam. Neckl. Misc. Ess. 1888 V. 184 Let 
her..give her past Dramaturgy the fit as; to Monseig- 
neur and others. 1858 — Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. 1. iii. 22 Su 
lime dramaturgy, which we call his Majesty’s Government, 
costs so much, 

Drammer, Dramming: see Dram v. 


Drammock (dremgk’. Se. Also 6 drum- 


make, 8 dramock, -uck, 8- drummock, 9 dram- 
mach. [Cf. Gacl. dramag ‘foul mixture’.] ‘Meal 
and water mixed in a raw state’ (Jam.). 

1563 Ressoning betuix Crosraguell §& F, Knox Prol. ij b, 


Watter & meal made i maner of a drammock. 16 
F. Semi Blythsum Bridal in Harp of Renfrewsh. 
(:8r9) Pref. 63 There will be..Powsowdie and drammock 
and crowdie. 1786 Burns Scotch Bard vii, Scarce a bellyfa' 
o' drummock. 4816 Scotr Old Mort. * ‘The lifeless, 
saltless, foisonless, lukewarm drammock the fourteen 
false prelates. 1886 Stevenson Aidnaffed xxii, We. .made 
ourselves a dish of drammach. 

Drane, obs. form of Drain, Drong. 

Drang, var. of Drona, lane. 


Drank, pa. t. of Drink. 


Drank, erron. f. Dxawk sé., brome-grass.] 
t+, draunt (drant), v. dia’. [app. ono- 


matopeeic, after drawl or drone and rant. Re- 
corded from Scotl. and E. Anglia, Other dialects 
have drunt, drate.| intr. To drawl or drone in 
speech. b. ¢rans. To drawl or drone out. 

1724 Ramsay Tea-t, Misc. (1733) U1. 141 To drivel and 
drant While I and gaunt. a1 ERGUSSON Poems 
(1789) I. 74 (Jam.) To draunt and drivel out a life at 
hame. 1796 Burns On Life viii, Lest you think I am 
uncivil To plague you with this draunting drivel. @ 
Foray Voc. za Anglia, Drant, to pre in speaking or 
reading; more properly draunt (like aunt) It may be 
connected with drone. 

Drant, draunt, sd. dial. [f. prec. vb.] a. 
A droning or drawling tone. b. ‘A slowand dull 
tune’ Gam.). 

x7ax Ramsay Lucky Spence’s Last Advice ii, Nor wi’ 
iz draunts and droning deave me. 1781 Burns Tar 

ton Lasses (and Poem) xiv, To wait on t drants. 
ax Forsy Voc, E. Anglia s.v., He reads with a drant. 
1852 Ainp Mem. Moir in M.'s Poet. Wks. 1. ii. 29 A kind 
of rant, or drant, .often fixes itself upon the public. 

Drap: see Dra sé.2 and a. 

» Drap, Sc. +. form of Dror sd. at v. 
+Drap-de-Berry. Ol. A droppe-, 

drape-, drab-, -du-, -Berri(e, -berry, -ie, -bure. 

(Printed as one or three words). [Fr.; =cloth of 


Berry.] A kind of woollen coming from 
Berry in France. Also attrib. and Comh, 
3619 Purcnas Microcosmus xxvii. 269 The Colours of 


DRAPE. 


Gingelline, Grideline, Deroy, Elderado, Droppe du Berry. 
1664 J. Witson Cheats u. iv. Dram. Wks. (1874) 42 
Drape de bag. in the summer keeps out the heat. 168 
Gaz. No. 1585/4 Stolen..a Drabdeberry Riding 
Coat. 1 SuapwEtt Volunteers u1. Wks. 1720 IX. 441 
They turn it into Likes ecaeemgh 9 1700 ConGREVE Way of 
World ui. iii. Plays (1887) 36x Fools never wear out—the 
are such drap de Berri things! 1818 Scorr Kod Roy xxxi, 
Your rotten French camlets now, or your drab-de-berries. 

Drape (dréip), v.1 [a. F. drape-r to weave, 
a (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. drap cloth. 

+1. trans. To weave or make into cloth. Ods. 

1436 Libel of Eng. Pol. in Pol. Poems (Rolls) Il. 162 
Spayneshe wolle in Fflaundres draped [v.7. draperd] is. 
Jbid., By drapinge [v.r. drapryng] of oure wolle in sub- 
staunce Lyvene here comons. a 1657 Sir J. BaLrour Ann. 
Scot. (1824-5) II. 97 All the wooll that was not drapped 
and made vsse off within the kingdome. 1683 Brit. Spec. 
18 Flanders doth drape Cloth for thee of thine own Wool. 

absol. 1838 Letanp /tin., Baillies Sun now drapeth yn 
the Toun. 1622 Bacon Hen. V//, 76 That the Clothier 
might drape accordingly as he might affoord. 

2. To cover with, or as with, cloth or drapery ; 
to hang, dress, or adorn with drapery. 

1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 54 Like some sweet sculpture 
draped from head to foot. 1848 Lytton Harold 1. i, The 
walls were draped with silken hangings. 1853 C. Bronte 
Villette xxiii, She stood, not dressed, but draped in pale 
antique folds. 1882 Miss Brappon J/¢. Royad ILI. vi. 146 
A red gown drapéd with old Spanish lace. 

transf and ig. 1872 Lippon Elem. Relig. ii.63 Draped and 
veiled in a phraseology so reverent and tender. 1884 W. C. 
Situ Xildrostan 50 Abbey walls Draped with pale lichens. 
i Froupe Erasmus vii. 120 Draped in solemn inanities. 

. To arrange or adjust (clothing, hangings, etc.) 
in graceful or artistic folds. Also zzér. for reft. 

1862 Macm. Mag. Apr. 523 Light material that will fall 
around and drape itself about the figure. 1894 A. Sr. 
Ausyn Orchard Damerel 11. ii. 59 The curtains would not 
Lone ’ artistically.’ 

+ 4. To reprimand. [cf. Dress v. So in obs. F.] 

1683 Temete Mem, Wks. 1731 I. 449 Draping us for 
spending him so much Money, and doing nothing. 

Hence Draped ///. a. 

1846 Extis Elgin Maré. 11. 9 Draped figures. Mod. Is the 
skirt plain or draped? 

Drape, v.2 north. dial. 
5b.2] trans. To cull, to draft. 

1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 72 When the worst of the 
flocke are drawne out, the shepheards call this drapinge 
out of sheepe, and some drape out a score..by reason of 
theire age, 


Drape (drép), 54.1 [f. F. drap cloth, and Drare 


[Goes with Drarg 


v.1] a. Cloth, drapery. b. Draping. 


1665 J. Witson Projectors v. Dram. Wks. (1874) 271 My 
new drape. 1757 Dyer Fleece 107 Each glossy cloth, and 
oe of mantle warm, 1889 Pall Mall G. 27 Feb. 4/3 
A dress .. of pale blue velvet, with long flowing drape of 
white tulle, 

Panee, sb.2 and a. local. [Origin uncertain : 
cf. ON. drdp slaughter, f. drefa to strike, smite, 
kill, put to death.] A sheep or cow culled or 
drafted from the flock or herd to be fatted off for 
slaughter ; esp. a cow or ewe whose milk is dried 
up or that has missed being with young. Used in 
north and north east of England. 

1611 Cotar., Bredis de rebut, an old or diseased sheepe thats 
not worth keeping..a drape or culling. 1674 Ray N.C. 
Words 15 A Drape, a farrow cow, or cow whose milk is 
dried up. 1788 W. Marsuatt Yorksh. (1796) 11. 187 Dry 
cows —provincially, ‘drapes’. 1855 Roxinson Whitdy 
Gloss., Drape, a dry or milkless cow. 1885 Standard 
2 May 6/4 Smaller beasts. .drapes. 

. adj. or in Comb., as drape cow, ewe, sheep. 

1674 Ray NV. C. Words 15 Drape-Sheep, oves rejiculz. 
1851 Fral. R. Agric. Soc. XII. u. 333 The drape-ewes (or 
crones) are..sold at Michaelmas. "1888 Whitby Gaz. 25 
Feb. 4/7 The animal was a drape cow, about 9 years old. 

Draper (dré'-par), sb. Also 4-5 drapere, 5 
eure, -ar. [a. AF. og: wt drapier (13th c. in 
Hatz.-Darm.), f. dvaf cloth: see -ER 2 2.] 

1. Orig., One who made (woollen) cloth. Sub- 
sequently, A dealer in cloth, and now by extension, 
in other articles of textile manufacture: often 
qualified as woollen, linen draper. 

1362 Lanot. P. Pl. A. v. 123 Penne I drou3 me a-mong 
bis drapers my Donet to leorne. 1377 /éid. B. v. 25 
Bothe mercere & drapere. c¢1420 Sir Antadas (Weber 
144 Ther myght..no draper is clothe drawe. 1483 Ca/h. 
Angl. 106/2 A Draper, pannarius, trapezata. a rg1z 
Fasyan Will in Chron, Pref. 3, 1 Robert Fabyan, citizein 
and draper of London. 1572 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. 
Oxford 342 The mercers and wollen drapers shalbe incor- 
porated to one incorporation. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. vi. 
1. 275 Thus the tgp may sooner sell forty ells of freeze 
and course cloath, than the Mercer four yards of cloath of 

old. 1807 Crasse Par. Reg. 13 If at the draper’s window 

usan cast A longing look. 

2. In comb. = -seller: see ALE-DRAPER, 

Hence Dra‘peress, a female draper. 

1854 Chamb. Frni. 1. 226 Almost every man above the 
rank of a mere daily cultivator has a wife who is groceress, 
linen-draperess, butcheress, or confectioner. 

"per, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. draperto weave, 
Drarg.] 1. trans. To weave, make into cloth. 

7436 Libel Eng. Pol. in Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11. 168 They 
Cowde never drapere [v. . drape, draper] here wolle. /did. 
[see Drape v.! 1.] 

2. intr. or absol. To arrange drapery, to drape. 

3717 BerkeLey Tour in Italy Wks. 1V. 523 His [Ber - 
whos eerie every one knows to [be] of a little gout, 

OL. . 


641 


Hence Dra‘pering v6/.sb.; also attrib., as draper- 
ing-house, one where cloth is manufactured or sold. 

1436 [see Drare v.11]. By drapryng of oure wolle. 1538 
Aves Itin, IV. 78 Jonas House is made by one Bell a 
Drapering House. 1717 [see 2 above.] 

Drapery (dré:pari), ss. Also 4 drapreye, 4-7 
draperie. [a. OF. draperie (12th c.), f. drap 
cloth, drapier draper: see -ERY. 

1. Cloth or textile fabrics collectively. 

a@1300 Sat. People Kildare xi. in E.E.P. (1862) 154 Hail 
be 3e marchans wib 3ur gret packes of draperie auoir-de- 

ise and 3ur wol sackes. 1483 Act1 Rich. ///, c.8 Preamb., 

o Substance of fine Drape 1538 LeLanp /tin, I. 44 The 
hole profite of the Toune [Waketield] stondeth by Course 
Drapery. 1622 Missetpen Free Trade 40 The Draperies 
of this Kingdome are termed Old and New. By the Old; 
are vnderstood Broad Clothes, Bayes and Kersies : By the 
New; Perpetuanoes, Serges, Sayes, and other Manufac- 
tures of Wooll. 1786 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 11/2 A duty 
on all srapery, imported into that Kingdom. 1841 Lane 
Arad, Nis. I. 122 A napkin or some other piece of drapery 
is suspended over the door. 

2. The trade or business of a draper ; the manu- 
facture of cloth (0ds.); now, the sale of cloth and 
other textile fabrics. 

1488-9 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 11 Thencres and mayntenyng 
of Drapery and makying of Cloth withyn this land. 
1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 352 Flemings..to teach 
our men that skill of Draperie or weaving and making 
wollen cloth. @1661 Futter Worthies, Bedfordsh. (1662) 
113 Such the use thereof [fuller’s earth] in Drapery, that 
good cloth can hardly be made without it. Mod. Advt., 
Millinery and Fancy Drapery. Young Lady to serve through. 

+b. A place where cloth is made. e@. A place 
where a draper’s business is conducted. Oés. 

1483 Cath. Angl. 106/2 A Drapyry, fannarium. 1598 
FLorio, Drapfperie, drapery, or street where cloth is made 
or sold, 1610 HoLLanp Camden's Brit.1.77 Vhe Gynegium 
or Draperie in Britaine in which the Clothes of the Prince 
and Souldiers were woven. 

+3. See quot., and cf. CILERY. Obs. _ 

1552 HuLoret, Draperye worcke or cylerye a kynde of 
caruynge or payntynge so called, voluta. 161r Corcr., 
Draperie..a flourishing with leaves, and flowers in wood, 
or stone, vsed especially on the heads of pillers, and tearmed 
by our workemen Draperie, or Cilerie. 

4. The artistic arrangement of clothing in paint- 
ing or sculpture. 

1610 Guittim Heraldry v1. v. (1611) 267 Which forme of 
poiens in the art of painting is termed drapery. 1634 

EACHAM Gentl. Exerc. 1. xii. 43 Drapery..principally 
consisteth in the true making and folding your garment, 
giving to every fold his proper naturall doubling and 
shadow. c¢x181x Fuseut in Lect. Paint. iv. (1848) 448 
Attitude without action. .dress without drapery. 

5. The stuff with which anything is draped, 
or artistically covered; clothing or hangings of any 
kind; esf. the clothing of the human figure in 
sculpture or painting. Also fig. 

1686 Aciionsy Painting [lustr. Expl.Vermss.v. Drapery, 
We say, Such a Painter disposes well the Foldings of his 
Drapery. 1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) II. 357 The 
drapery of this statue is much admired. 1771 Sir J. Rey- 
notps Disc, iv. (R.), It requires the nicest judgment to dis- 
pose the drapery, so that the folds shall have an easy com- 
munication, and gracefully follow each other. 1806-7 J. 
BeresrorD Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 11. xviii, The muslin 
drapery of your fair partner. 183x Howitt Seasons 315 
Nature is stripped of all her summer drapery. 1859 Gro. 
Eutor A. Bede 45 There is no drapery about the window. 

6. attrib. and Comé. 

1712 ArsuTHNot John Bull 1. i, The Bulls and Frogs 
have served the lord Strutts with drapery-ware for many 
years. 1785 J. TRUsLER Mod. Times I. 63 Sales of linen 
and other drapery goods. 186r THornsury 7%rner (1862) 
11. 103 Rubensten, a drapery drudge to portrait painters. 

Dra‘pery,v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To furnish 
or cover with, or as with, drapery ; to drape. 

1824 Byron $¥uan xvi. cii, What beautiful simplicity 
Draperied her form with curious felicity! 183 CARLYLE 
Sart. Res. 1. vii, Not only dressed, but harnessed and dra- 
peried. 1858 G. Macponatp Phantastes vi. 74 It was 
festooned and draperied with all kinds of green. 

Hence Dra‘peried Z//. a. 

_ 1816 L. Hunt Rimini 1. 105 A sudden canopy. .disparts 
its draperied shade. 1882 Miss Brappon J/t. Royal ix, 
The lone draperied mantel-piece. 

+ Dra‘pet. Ods. [ad. It. drappetto, dim. of 
drappo cloth.] A cloth, a covering. 

1590 Spenser F. Q. u. ix. 27 Tables fayre dispred, And 
ready dight with drapets festivall. _@1799 Metmotn 7'rans- 
Sormation Lycon & Euphormius (R.), He op'd his gates .. 
a decent drapet throws O’er her cold limbs, 

Draping, v4/. sb. [f. Drape v.+-1Nc1.] The 
action of the verb Drarg, +a. The action of 
weaving or making into cloth (ods.). b. The 
action of adjusting or fixing in artistic folds; 
manner or style of arranging the drapery. 

1483 Act 1 Rich. I/T, c. 8 § x By the meane of true mak- 
yng and drapyng and also of true dying of Wollen Cloth. 
1523 Act 14 §& 15 Hen. VIII, c. 3 The true making and 
draping of worstedes, sais, and stamins. 1883 Myra'’s 
Frnt. Aug., The style of polonaise .. owes its popularity 
to the grace of its draping. 1884 Pad Mail G. 27 Oct. 4/1 
The draping is long and very simple. 

Drappie, -y (dre'pi). Sc. [f.drap Sc. form of 
Drop sé. + -1£, -¥ dim. suffix.] A little drop (e.g. 
of stimulant), 

_ 1789 Burns ‘O, Willie brewed, We're no that fou, But 
just a drappie in ouree. 1795 Macnewt Will & ean liv, 
Jean, quite unhappy,.Tynes a’ heart, and taks a—drappy { 


DRATCHELL. 


Drapure, obs. form of DRAPER. 

+ Drasie, a. Sc. Obs. [Perh. connected with 
Drazeu.] ? Phlegmatic. 

og Rottanp Crt. Venus Prol. 17 Flewme is flat, slaw, 
richt slipperie and sweir [AJnd drasie, to spit can not for- 
beir. /ézd. 74 He that hes of Watter the natoure, Is daft, 
and doyld, drasie with small effect. 

+ Dra‘ssock. Oés. Also ?drapsock, drossock. 
[Etym. and form uncertain.] ?A drab, an untidy 
woman. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 117 Lowte il- 
favorid drapsocks died into dun. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 
24 If any man mislikes a bullymong drassock [v.7. drossock]} 
more then I, let him take her for all mee. 

+ Drast, drest. Ods. Forms: Plural 1 deer- 
stan, derstan, 2 dersten, 4 darstis, 4-5 drastes, 
-us, -ys, -en, 4-6 drestes. Szmg. (rare) 4-5 
dreste, drast. [OE. derstan pl. (:—OTeut. type 
*drastjon- or -jén-), cognate with OHG. srestir, 
MHG. and Ger. frester pl. grounds, husks (of 
grapes), (app. OTeut. *drastzz-, an s-stem): cf. 
OSlav. droidi7e and droitija lees.) 

(mostly pl.) Dregs, lees; faeces, refuse, residue. 

cx000 Ags. Ps. (Vh.) Ixxiv. 8 Nyle he pa dzrstan him 
don unbryce. cxrooo Sax. Leechd. II. 98 Getrifula wid 
ecedes derstan. x1.. Semi-Saxon Voc. in Wright 94/1 
Amurca, fex olet, dersten. 1382 Wyciir Ps. Ixxiv. 8 ‘Vhe 
dreste of it is not wastid out. — Hos. iii. 1 Thei..louen the 
darstis [1388 draffis] of grapis. 1502 ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 
165 Wel moysted at the rote wt drestis of wyne. 1530 
PatsGr. 215/2 Drestes of oyle, die dhuille. 

Jig. 1388 Wycuir /sa. xlix.6 ‘Vo conuerte the drastis [1382 
drestus] of Israel. 1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. 388 Of Troyans 
blode the drastes and nat sede. 

Draste, obs. form of durst, pa. t. of DARE v.1 

Drastic (drestik), a. (sb.) [mod. ad. Gr. 
Spaarix-ds active, efficacious, f. Spacrdés, vbl. adj. 
of dpav to do: cf. F. drastigue (1741).] 

1. Afed. Of medicines: Acting with force or 
violence, vigorous; esp. acting strongly upon the 
intestines. 

a1691 Boyte Wks. Il. 190(R.) After this single taking 
of the drastick medicine had done working. 1789 W. 
Bucuan Dom. Med. (1790) 213 All strong or drastic purga- 
tives are to be carefully avoided. 1836 Yohnsoniana 1. 24 
His friend had prescribed palliative not drastic remedies. 

2. ¢transf. Vigorously effective ; violent. 

1808 BentHaM Sc. Reform 27 In consideration of their 
too extensive and too drastic efficacy. 1848 Minti Pod. 
Econ. 1, 274 Occasions..in which so drastic a measure 
would be fit to be taken into serious consideration, 1880 
M°Cartuy Own Times IV. Ixiii. 424 Very comprehensive 
or drastic schemes. A 

B. s+. A drastic medicine ; a severe purgative. 

1783 F. Micitaetis in Med.Commun. 1, 318 Large quantities 
of the pills..acting as a drastic. 1863 Reape in Ad? Fear 
Round 3 Oct. 125/1 For want of drastics and opiates. r 

Drastically, a¢v. [f. Drasric +-aL+-Ly2.] 
In a drastic manner; with drastic remedies or 
applications ; with effective severity. 

1850 Fraser's Mag. XLII. 345 The poor patient is again 
pilled and purged drastically. 1877 Guapstone Clean. I. 
169 The spectral letters ‘redistribution of seats’ operate as 
drastically as if they were ‘Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin’. 
1887 Leeds Mercury 21 Jan. 4/7 A Bill..which..will deal 
drastically with the land question. 

+ Dra‘sty, 2. Ols. Also dresty. [f. Drast 
+-yl, In several places the s has been misread 
or misprinted as /, which was perhaps actually 
the source of Drarry a.] Dreggy; jig. vile, 
worthless, ‘ rubbishy ’. 

a x000 Voc.in Wr.-Wiilcker 238/20 Feculentus, fece plenus, 
drestiz. ¢1386 Cuaucer AZelié, Prol. 5 Min eres aken of 
thy drastyspeche. /é/¢d.12 Thy drasty rymyng [Tyrwhitt, 
etc., 72 both places, gratieh 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 
xvi. clxxxvi. (1495) 727 Erthy partyes and drasty. c¢ 1420 
Pallad. on Husb.t. 195 Olyvys..With drasty [s7spr. 1873 
drafty] wattry fruyt. 1499 Prop. Parv. 131/2 Dreggy 
(Pynson dresty) or fulle of drestys, feculentus. 1530 Patscr. 
311/1 Dresty, full of drestes, Zezx. 

Drat (drat), zt. [Aphetic f. ’od rot, for 
God rot !: see Ror v. in similar use.] A vulgar 
form of imprecation, giving vent to annoyance or 
angry vexation; = ‘ Hang’, ‘dash’, ‘ confound’. 

1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 13 ‘Now drat that Betty’, 
says one of the washer-women. 1857 TroLLore Barchester 
T. xxxix, ‘Drat their impudence’, said Mrs. Greenacre. 
1859 THackeray Virgin. xliv, ‘ Drat it, Jane, kneel down, 
and bless the gentleman, I tell’ee!’” 4 

Hence Drat v.; Dra‘tted Z//. a. ‘confounded ’. 

1857 Trottore Barchester T. (1861) 326 The quintain 
was ‘dratted’ and ‘bothered’ and very generally anathe- 
matized by all the mothers. 1869 Mrs. H. Woop Roland 
Yorke v. (Farmer), If that dratted girl had been at her 
post. 31878M.& F. Cottins V2l/. Comedy 1. 195 The ladies 
are ‘dratting’ me, if you know what that means, 

Drat, obs. 3rd sing. pres. of DREAD v. 

Dratchell, drotchell (dretfél, drgtfél). 
Now only mzd/. dial. [Derivation uncertain. Con- 
nexion is suggested with Drercu v.2, Sc. dratch to 
go heavily and reluctantly, to linger. Cf. also 
Sc. drotch to hang negligently ; and see DRAzEL, 
DrossEt.] A slovenly, untidy woman; a slut. 

17: “yng Drotchel, an idle wench; a sluggard. 
In Roots it is still used. 1859 Gro. Ettor A. Bede xx. 
? 9 She'll be a poor dratchell 
xxxvi (end), She’s not a cc 
see that. 


y then she’s thirty. /dfd. 
flaunting dratchell, I can 


ei* 


‘DRAUGHT. 


Drate: sce Drirz. 3 

Drau(en, drau3(e, drauhe(n: see Draw v. 

Draught (draft), st. Forms: a. 3-4 drabt, 
dra3t, 4- draught; (4 dra3pe, drauht, 4-5 
drau3t(e, 4-6 draght(e, draughte, drawght(e, 
drawt(e, Sc. 5 drawcht,6draucht). 8. 6 drafte, 
(7 drauft), 6- draft. [Early ME. draht (prob. in 
OE., though not recorded), corresp. to MDu., Du. 
dragt, 2?0HG., MHG. ¢traht, Ger. tracht, Icel. 
drdttr (:—*drahtr), verbal abstract from Com. Tent. 
dragan to draw. The guttural sound of gh, ch, is 
retained in Sc.; in late ME. the word was some- 
times drawt, whence the frequent (drgt) in 16-18th 
c. rimes, but more usually the g# passed in pro- 
nunciation, through w#, into f, whence the spelling 
Drart (q.v.) now established in some senses, in 
which the connexion with draw is less obvious. 

All the senses in which draught is still the accepted or 
approved spelling are treated here; only those in which 

raft is established appear under that word. Many grou 
of senses have been derived independently from the verb, 
so that a satisfactory logical order is almost impossible.) 

I. 1. The action, or an act, of drawing or pull- 
ing, esp. of a vehicle, plough, etc.; pull, traction. 
Beast of draught: a horse or other animal used for 
drawing a cart, plough, etc. 8. rarely draft. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. cxv. (1495) 855 The 
worme drawith and halyth his bodi..wyth many dyuers 
drau3tes. c1440 Promp. Parv. 131/1 Drawte, or pulle, 
tractus. c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 220 Pulle, pulle ! 
.-Yitadraght. 1523 Fitzners. usd. § 15 The harowe.. 
goeth by twytches, and not alwaye after one draughte. 1633 
‘'T. Srarrorp Pac. Hib. m. ii. 292 That bogs nor rocks, 
should forbid the draught of the Cannon. 1707-12 Morti- 
MER //usé. (J.), The Hertfordshire wheai-plouge is the best 
..and of the easiest draught. 1777 Ropertson //ist. Amer. 
(1778) I. vit. 318 The Llama, which was never used for 
draught. 1873 He ps Anim. & Mast. i. (1875) 8 Beasts of 
draught and of burden. B. x:801 7vans. Soc. Arts XIX. 
295 (This Crane) having a two-fold principle. . making a per- 
pendicular draft, and discharging the load at the same time. 

+b. Drawing of breath. Ods. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xxii. 82 [1v. 463] This byrde.. 
syngyng of fyne manere in grete draughtes and of a longe 
athe his right sorowfull songe. _ 

ec. Drawing motion or action. 

1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 401 Chaff-cutter..the 
shaft. .being within the range of the long-way of the mouth- 
piece, gives the knives about 24 times the usual amount of 
draught, and causes them to cut, instead of chopping. 


2. That which is drawn. ta. A load. Obs. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 21266 (Cott.) Four ar bai tald, be wange- 
listes, pat draues be wain pat es cristes, O baim 1 sal tell... 
Quat pai bitaken, and quat pair draght. c1470 Henry 
Wallace 1x. 1610 Dicson suld tak .. his hors .. a drawcht 
off wod to leid. 14.. A/S. Douce 291, lf. 7 (Halliw.) The 
whiche..bere and drawe draghtes and berthennes. 

b. A quantity drawn ; used as a specific measure 
of something drawn, extracted, or taken up. 

1740 Dycne & Parvon, Draught ..in Trade, it is so 
much goods as are carried upon one carriage at a time. 
1847-78 HatuiweLt, Draught .. sixty-one pounds weight 
of wool. 1881 RaymMonp Mining Gloss,, Draught (S. Staff), 
the quantity of coal raised to bank in a given time. 1893 
Labour Commission Gloss. s.v., In the salt industry, 
a draught is the quantity of salt taken out of a pan each 
time the pan is cleared; sometimes..this drawing takes 
place once or twice a day. 

+3. A drawbridge. Odés. 

13.. Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 817 Pay let doun pe grete dra3t. 
©1440 Partonope 1636 The porter lete the draught down falle. 

4. Something used in drawing or pulling, as 
harness for horses to draw with: see quots. 

1483 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV in Antig. Rep. (1807) 1. 43 The 
chiefe chare of the Quene..with v. paire of draughts. 1552 
Hu ort, Drawghte to drawe vp water after the sorte of 
a gybet with a paile at the one ende, 1706 Puituirs (ed. 
Kersey). 1765 A. Dickson 7veat, Agric. v. (ed. 2) 173 
That part of the shoulders of the horses, to which the 
draught is fixed. 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt, Exhib. 1. 395 Set 
of box whipple-trees, or two-horse draughts. 

5. A team of horses or other beasts of draught, 
together with that which they draw. Now only dad. 

1523 Firzners. //usd. § 22 An housbande can not - 
yentlye plowe his lande, and lode out his dounge bothe 
vppon a daye, with one draughte of beastes. in Rushw, 
Hist, Coll. V. 649 The officers and souldiers shall be accomo- 
date with draughts in their march. 1774 Beverley & Hessle 
Road Act ii. 15 Any person.. keeping a team or teams, 
draught or draughts. 1891 Arkinson Moorland Par. 39 
A stone waggon with a team,—a ‘draught’ we call it in our 
North Nedohire Vernacular—of no less than 20 horses and 
oxen attached to it. 

II. 6. fg. Drawing, attraction; tendency, in- 
clination, impulse. arch. ‘+B. also draft. 

a1300 Body & Soud 85 (Mitz.) To sunne and schame [it] 
was thi drau3t. 1432 Paston Lett. No. 18 I. 31 For the 
goode reule .. of the Kynges persone, and draught of him to 
vertue and connyng. 1758 W. Ricxirr ¥rnd. 73, 1 felt 
a oe t to visit New England. 1829 CartyLe A7Zisc. 
(1857) 11. 81 A draught towards the Deep, a commencing 
giddiness. 

B. 1596 Spenser F. Q. wv. ii. 10 He .. by his false allure- 
ments wylie draft Had thousand women of their loue beraft. 
ar i Cuurcuman Life (1780) 37, I felt a secret gentle 
draft to visit to meetings in the bask parts of Chester. 
III. 7. The act of drawing a net for fish, or 
(quot. 1205) for birds. 

¢1205 Lay. 29259 Sparewen perto liht. And he a ban 
uorme drahte Swid monie he ilahte, 1526-34 TinDALE 


642 
enteo Se. sation 2 Gesitaieh 3677. 


also Bow-pRavuGHT. Oés. 
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 862 Wyp bat schote 
his fiader he slow; Al vnwylland pat draught he drow. 
c 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxv. 118 Pe ferthe commez behind 
him, as it ware ane arow draght. 1400 Destr. Troy 1224 
Lamydon .. with-drogh hym A draght. 1581 Stywarp 
Mart. Discipl. 1. 44 That everie man haue a good and 
meete Bowe according to his draught and strength. 1605 
Campen Rem. (1637) 209 Geoffray .. at one Craught of 
his bowe .. broched three feetlesse bids called Allerions. 
+11. The drawing or sweep of a weapon; a 
stroke, a blow. Qés. 
¢1320 Sir Beues (MS. A) 868 Sum kni3t Beues so ofrau3te 
Pe heued of at pe ferste drau3te. @ Octouian 1666 No 
man ne myghte with strengthe asytte Hys swordes draught. 
c1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 388, xij. draughtes with be 
egge of pe knyfe pe venison crossande. 14.. rose Legends 
in Anglia Vill. 10g Sche.. smitith pe grounde with hir 
heed wib a meruaylous draughte. 
12. The drawing of a saw through a block of 
wood or stone; hence a measure of sawyers’ work. 
1404 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) LI. 205 note, In sarracione xv 
draghtez..11d.  ¢ 1520 /bid. 205 Johanni Henryson sawying 
waynscottes .. xxxij dragttes, 1d. j draghth, 16d, 1812 
J. Smytu Pract. of Customs 175 Scaleboards, from Germany, 
are packed in bundles, weighing 50 at each draught. 1847-8 
H. Mitver First /mpr. vi. (1859) 91 He was cutting it [a 
block of Sandstone], by three draughts, parallel to its 
largest plane into four slabs. 
13. =CLorF, q.v. (Now usually Drart, q.v. 1.) 
1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 342 Before tyme y* weyer Me 
to lene his draught towarde the marchaundyse, soo that the 
byar hadde .. .x. or .xii.li. in a draughte to his aduauntage. 
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Draught..in Trade, an Allow- 
ance made in the weighing of Commodities. See Clough. 
V. 14. The drawing of liquid into the mouth or 
down the throat; an act of drinking, a drink; the 
quantity of drink swallowed at one ‘pull’. +8. 
rarely draft. 
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 199 (Pe neddre] cumed to sum 
welle and drinked a draht swo michel pat heo chined. 
1377 Lanct. P. Pi. B. xx. 222 To drynke a drau3te (C. xxi. 
223 drawt] of good ale. c York Myst. xxxvi. 240 A 
draughte here of drinke haue I dreste. 1555 Even Decades 
220 Onn of these..drunke a bowl of water at a draughte, 
1636 Massincer Gt. Dk. Florence i. ii. Plays (1868) 231/2 
Let us take, then, Our morning draught. 1687 SHADWELL 
Fuvenal Sat. x. 37 No Poyson is in Earthen Vessels 
brought; In Gold adorn’d with Gemms beware each draught, 
1732 Lepiarp Sethos 11, vit. 158 Giscon drank the inflam’d 
tion at one draught. 185: Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 
ae It forms a pleasant effervescing draught. 8. 1583 
Hottysann Campo di Fior 199 Empty ~~ cuppe..there 
is but a litle draft left. Perys Diary 27 Feb., 
They brought me a draft of their drink in a brown bowl. 
+b. A fanciful name for a ‘company’ of 


butlers. Ods. 

ips Bk. St. Albans ¥F vjb, A Draught of boteleris. 

15. A dose of liquid medicine; a potion. 

a 1656 Br. Hatt Occas. Medit. (1851) 153 On a medicinal 
Potion. How loathsome a draught is this ! Drypen 
To ¥. Driden 94 Better to hunt in fields for health un- 
bought Than fee the doctor for a nauseous draught. 1762 
Gentil. Mag. 545 She spreads the couch, pre the healing 
draught [rime unbought). 1791 Mrs. peurre Rom, 


Forest xii, | have ordered him a composing draught. 1828 
Scott F. M. Perth xv, The incipient effects of the fic 
draught. 1847 Tennyson Princ. u. 233 To my 


pillow, mix the foaming draught Of fever. E 
ce. Black draught: a purgative medicine con- 

sisting of an infusion of senna with sulphate of 
magnesia and extract of liquorice. (Also fis’) 

1840 THackeray Paris Sk.-bk., Fr. Fashi le Novels, 
Your dull black draughts of metaphysics. 1861 A. K. H. 
Boyp Recreat. Country Parson Ser. 11. 155 As if you gave 
aman a large jug of pure water, and then cast into it a few 
drops of black-draught. 1883 Miss Brappon Gold. Ca// vii, 
One of my black draughts wanted anywhere? 

16. Drawing of smoke or vapour into the mouth, 
inhaling ; that which is inhaled at one breath. 

62x VennER J'odacco (1650) 402 To take 4 or 5 draughts 
of this fume. 1671 Micron Samson g The common prison 
..Where I, a prisoner chain’d, scarce freely draw The air 
imprison’d also, close and damp, Unwholesome draught. 
1835 Marrvat Yac. Faithf. i, There is no composing- 
draught like the draught through the tube of a pipe. 


DRAUGHT. 


17. fie. The ‘drinking in’ of something 

wet ent: & “tint of dotaaching, pai 
or. infal, * drank’, en of, or experienced, 
(ce Drink v.; also . 9.) 

1560 Becon New Catech. Wh. (a) 295 Take him with 


the hand of heart, and him with the 
draught of rig Bon man. 1 OHNSON Rambler No. 


ne ee oe + deeadin erage ae 
‘OLLOK Course T. 1x, Quaffing deep love. 
Geo. Exsot Coll. Breakf. P. 357 ~ whirl And 


draught intense of passionate joy pain, 

VI. 18. The action of drawing out to a greater 
length, extension, stretching ; concr. that which is 
drawn out or spun, a thread. sec. in Cotton-spin- 
ning, etc. the ‘drawing’ or elongation of the 
slivers by passing them between pairs of rollers 
revolving at different speeds, (See Draw v. 56 e>. 
8. sometimes draft. 

cxg00 Test. Love iu. (R.), The euen drauht of the wyer 


drawer, maketh the wyer to ben euen, 1577-87 HotinsHeD 
Scot. Chron. (1805) I. 2 The wool. -is ++ Spun so fine that it 


is in parable to the sp ght. 1719 J. 
Roserts Spinster 346 FI d silk and d y 
draughts. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 975 The drawing 
operation, or drau; ated in all the subsequent 


ht, is.. 
ocesses. 1877-81 W. C. Bramwett Wool-carder 
Cent.) What stands for ‘top’ in wool manufacture is called 
rst drafts in silk-combing. Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 


IV. 274/1 One yard of lap is drawn out to one hundred 
yards of sliver. This draught may bei d or diminished. 
The action 


VII. 19. Naut. [See Draw v. 13. 
of ‘drawing’ or displacing (so much) water; the 
depth of water which a vessel draws, or requires to 
float her. 8. sometimes draft. 

1601 Suaxs. Twel. N. v.i. 58 A bawbling Vessel was he 
Captaine of, For shallow draught and bulke vnprizable. 
1627 Cart. Smitn Seaman's Gram. xi. 54 Her water draught 
is so many foot as she goes in the water. 1751 Act Safes: 
JI, c.8 § 2 Orders .. touching the sizes and Draughts of 
all Boats, Barges and other Vessels. 1862 M. Horxixs 
Hawaii 10 For shipping of less draught, pilots are in 
attendance. 1873 Act 36 & 37 Vict. c. 85 § 3 A scale of 
feet denoting her draught of water shall be marked on each 
side of her stem. 2. 1882 J. C. Morison Macaulay 27 
‘There was a defect of deep sensibility in Macaulay—a want 
of moral draught and earnestness. 

B. 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. II. 509 They then begin a.. 
march, the regularity of whose step is essential to the draft 
of the vessel. 1860 Merc. Marine ~~ VIL. 115 Her draft 
of water..was 16 feet 7 inches aft. /éid. 122 The Channel 
..is the least dangerous for a steamer of draft. 

VIII. +20. The action of moving along (cf. 
Draw v. 68); course, going, way. Ods. 

cx2s0 Gen. & Ex. 3745 Age maden here dra3t Al-so 
Bat skie haued ta3t. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Ri 

79 Out of Grece per cam a bole; To Paris bestes was his 

raught, And wip Parys bole he faught. 1470-85 Matory 
Arthur xv. i, They loued to gyder more hotter than they 
did to fore hand, and had suche preuy draughtes to gyder 
that many in the Courte spak of hit. 

+b. fig. Course, way of going on. Obs. 

a 1327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 153 Uch a strumpet that ther 
is such drahtes wl drawe. axgo00 Sir Perc, 2160 Thus es 
the lady so wo, And this is the draghte ! 

+21. A ‘move’ at chess or any similar game. [F. 
trait :—L. tractus.] Obs. 

¢1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 653 At the chesse with 
me she gan to pley, With hir fals draughtes dyvers 
She staale on me. 1?1370 Robt. Cicyle (Halliw.) 54 With 
a draght he was chekmate. 1412 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ, 
(Roxé.) 76. 1474 Caxton Chesse 133 The progressyon and 
draughtes of the forsayd playe of the chesse. Carew 
Huarte’s Exam. Wits viii. (1596) 112 He.. ten or 
twelve faire draughts one * another on ¢ 
boord. 1656 Beate Chess 3 The draught of a Pawne is 


only one house at a time. 
|~ 22. g/. A game played by two persons on a board 
of the same kind as that used in chess, which game 


it somewhat resembles, though of much simpler 
character, all the pieces or ‘ men’ being of equal 
value and moving alike diagonally. (In U.S. called 
checkers, in Scotl. dambrod.) +B. rarely drafts. 

c Destr. Troy 1622 The draghtes, the dyse, and ober 
dregh gaumes. a@ 1602 W. Perkins Cases Conse. (161 ) 346 
The games of chesse, and draughts. 1791 Boswett ‘Fohnson 
an, 1756, The game of draughts. .is p | to 
fix the ion without straining it. 1870 Hanpy & Wane 
Mod. Hoyle 105 Draughts is entirely a game of mathema- 
tical calculation. 1875 Jowerr Plafo (ed. 2) V. 391 These 
pastimes are not so unlike a game of draughts. 

B. 1726 Frankuin rnd, Wks. 1887 1. 116, 1 tire myself 
with playing at drafts. 1796 Owen 7rav. Europe IL. 405 
The evening was in a variety of amusements. Some 
were occupied at drafts. 1816 Keatince 7rav. (1817) L 
a Sigs Lone a gp bv Polish drafts. 

b. of the pieces used in this game: = 
po ecy nena “4 Wed o iP aie 

1894 ° nequerist’ (R, A. Williams) How Ly vangie 
well 14 The Draughts must te so turned that one man 
stand on on A. ‘or ‘crowning’. P 

Ix. A current, stream, flow. 

x60r Hottanp Pliny 1. 7 Whiles she [the moon] is turned 

away, all the draught of light, she casteth 

ine, from wh jued it. 1688 I. Smrrn Voy. 
Constantinople in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. xx There is a vast 
draught of water poured continually out of the Atlantick 
into the Mediteranean, 275% Jonnson 2 No. 102 
P 12 The draught of the ¢ 


be overcome. 


The .. sympath : 
draught flow into her breasts some seconds before the child 
awakes. x8aa J. Fir Left, Amer. 75 On approaching 


a 


DRAUGHT. 


rapids, I was usually in the very draught of them, before 
I could discern the proper channel. 3. Syd. Soc, Lex., 
Draught. .in the breast of a nursing woman. 

b. A stream course, a ravine (?). (Also draft.) 

1807 P. Gass ¥rn/. 101 Having found a tolerable good 
road except where some draughts crossed it. /did@. 231 But 
the snow was not so deep in the drafts between them. 

e. Hydraulics. The area of an opening for a 


flow of water: see quot. (Also draft.) 

3874 Kxicut Dict. Mech. Draft ..8, The combined 
sectional area of the openings in a turbine water-wheel ; or 
the area of opening of the sluice-gate of a fore-bay. 

24. A current of air, esp. in a confined space, as 
aroomorachimney. 8. sometimes draft. 

Natural draught: the current of air that passes through 
the fire in a steam boiler, etc. without mechanical aid, as 
distinguished from d/ast, forced draught, that artificially 
increased either by rarifying the air above the fire or by 
compressing it below the same. 

1768-74 ‘Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 478 We feel and 
hear the draught of air, and see the commotions it raises 
among the trees. 1812-16 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. §& Art 
II. 315 The height of the chimney has an important effect 
on the draught of a wind-furnace. Dickens Lett, 
(1880) I. rro A sore throat; from sitting in constant 
draughts. 1864 Wesster, Blast draught. .Forced draught 
.. Natural draught. 1896 7zmes (weekly ed.) 18 Sept, 
641/3 The steam trials of the Victorious, battleship, have 
proved remarkably successful, the contract speed for natural 

- and forced draught having been exceeded. 

B. 1812-16 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art I. 246 The 
nearer the throat [of the chimney] is brought to the fire, the 
stronger the draft will be. 1860 TynpaAtt Glac. 1. xxvii. 207 
The drafts from the doors and from the windows. 1873 
Loncr. Wayside Inn, Emma & Eginhard Interlude 57 
That draft of cold, Unpleasant night air. 

b. An appliance for creating a draught in a fire- 
place; a blower. (Also draft.) 

1874 Mrs. Wuitney We Girls vi. 129 The drafts were put 
on, and in five minutes the coals were red. 

X. + 25. The drawing of a brush, pen, pencil, 
or the like, across a surface, so as to make a line or 
mark ; the mark so made ; a stroke. [F. ¢razt.] Obs. 

c1250 Gen. & Ex. 3624 Besseleel, And eliab, he maden wel 
Se tabernacle..Goten and grauen wid witter dra3t. c 1305 
Edmund Conf. 224 in E. E, P. (1862) 77 Arsmetrike is a lore 
-.of figours.. And ofdrau3tes as me drawepin poudre. 13.. 
E. E. Allit, P. B. 1557 Per watz neuer on so wyse coube on 

e rede., What typyng ne tale tokened po dra3tes. 1548 
Tuomas /tad, Dict. (1567), Lineamenti, strikes or draughtes 
of a figure. 1570 Birtincstey Euclid 1. def. iv. 2 A right 
line is the shortest extension or draught. .from one poynt to 
another. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 119 It is 
time to draw the last draught of the pensill vpon the face. 
3662 STiLLincFL. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 19 How to express all 
kind of sounds, with the several draughts of a pen. 

+26. Drawing of figures ; delineation. Ods. 

1551 REcoRDE_ Pathw. Knowl. 1. xvii, For the manner of 
their draught wil declare, how many paires of parallels they 
shall neede. 1622 Peacnam Compl. Gent. xiii. (1634) 127 
For your first beginning..in draught make your hand.. 
ready. .in those generall figures of the Circle, ovall, square, 
&c. 1706 Art of Painting (1744) 357 Had his colouring and 

wos 3 been as good as his draught. a1734 Nortu Lives 

1826) II. 2rx Painters, and such as practise draught. 

+27. That which is drawn or delineated; a 
representation (of an object) by lines drawn on 
the surface of paper, etc.; a drawing, picture, sketch, 
B. rarely draft. Obs. in general sense. 

@1400-50 Alexander 280 In pis opir dra3t ware deuysid 
a dusan of bestis. Peer Arraignm. Paris 1. i, 

_A dainty draught to lay her [Venus] down in blue. 1667 
H. Ovpvensure in PAil. Trans. 1. 420 Sufficiently skilled 
..to make a Draught of the Place. 1759 B. Martin Vat, 
Hist. Eng. 11. 109 The Draught of an old Saxon Coin, 
1 x Jounson Ascham Wks. IV. 621'He..embellished 
[his pages] with elegant draughts and illuminations, 

B. 1585 T. Wasuincron tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxv. 147 
Lively drafts of a woman of estate of Grecia, of a Turky 
woman of meane estate [etc.]. 1658 Rowtanp J/oufet's 
Theat. Ins. 930 This sort Pennius referreth to the species 
of the Wasp, and so he describeth it in his drafts. 1796 
STEDMAN Surinamt (1813) I. i. 19, I took a draft of the un- 
baer f hep 

+b. Representation in sculpture; a sculptured 
figure. Ods. ™~, 

1646 CLeveLanp King's Disguise 88 Porches wrought 
With Sphynxes, Creatures of an Antique draught. 1658 
Str T. Browne Gard. Cyrus ii. 105 The sculpture draughts 
of the larger Pyramids of Agypt. 1686 tr. Chardin's 
Trav. 246 An old Tower built of Free-stone, of which you 
see the Draught in the Sculpture. 

28. sfec. An outline, sketch, or design, pre- 
paratory to a completer work of art. 

1573-80 Baret Adv. D 1166 The first ordinaunce, or first 
draught, which is done with a cole, adumbratio. 1579 
Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 58 The lambe [is] a shadowing 
figure, like the first draught of a painter, 1710 SHAFTESB. 
Charac. 11. Advice to Author 1. iii, Poetry .. resembles 
the statuary’s and the painter's [art]..in this more par- 
ticularly, that it has its original draughts and models for 
study and practice. 1771 Sir J. Reynotps Disc. iv. (1876) 
359 A composition of the various draughts which he had 
previously made from various beautiful scenes and prospects. 
1847 Emerson Poems, Day's Ration Wks. (Bohn) I. 482 

y need I galleries, when a pupil’s draught..fills and 
o’erfills My apprehension ? 

b. fig. Image, representation ; something devised 
or designed like a work of art; slight or pre- 
liminary sketch or outline. +8. rarely draft. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. v. (1634) 12 This way of 
seeking God. .that is, to follow these first draughts which. . 
doe as in a shadow set forth a seit image of him. 1676 
Drvven Awrengz, v. i, 2195 My Elder Brothers..Rough 


643 


draughts of Nature, ill-design’d and lame. 1796 OWEN Trav. 
Europe 11. 99 The Bay of Naples and its environs form a 
draught of ‘ars and more finished scenery, than I have 
yet seen. 

B. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 92 Y° image of 
God, yea, y° perfect image. .It is not a draft halfe drawen, 

29. A sketch in words; a slight or concise 
account, ‘outline’, abstract. §. sometimes draft. 

1503 Hawes Exam. Virt. Prol. i, The famous draughtes 
of poetes eloquent. 1, T. Unperpowne Ovid's Invect. 
agst. [bis Title-p., Ashort Draught ofall the Stories and Tales 
contained therein. 1665 Lfztaph at Beverley Minster, 
What ere I did beleeve, what ere I tavght..Xesurgam of 
them all is the fvll dravght. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xxi. 
§ 73, Thus I have, in a short draught, given a view of our 
original Ideas. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 302 ® 8 This is but 
an imperfect Draught of so excellent a Character. 1751 
Jounson Rambler No. 151 ® 6 Unable to compare the 
draughts of fiction with their originals. 

B. 1873 H. RoGers Orig. Bible ii. (1875) 90 Drafts of the 
future state given by religious systems of human origin. 

O. A plan, map, chart, plot. Also Drart, 
q.v. 4. Obs. 

1s80 Ho.tysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Alignement, a 
Carde or draught. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. i. 2 
The generall draught of the whole Iland. 170x Boyer 
(title) The Draughts of the most remarkable Fortified 
Towns of Europe. 1875 Temrce & Suetpon Hist. North- 
Jield, Mass. 15 This tract of low land was partly included 
in the Wells's meadow draught. 

31. A ‘plan’ of something to be constructed, as 
a building. Also Drart, q.v. 4. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 396 That. .there should 
be lawes concerning draughts, and order of buyldings. 1662 
Gerpier Princ. Ded., The makeing of a Sumptuous Gate 
at Temple-Barr, whereof a Draught hath been presented to 
his Sacred Majesty. 1789 P. Smyrn tr. Addrich’s Archit. 
(1818) 79 Let the architect first make a draught on paper of 
the intended work. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 
Elevation, the orthographic draught or perpendicular plan 
of a ship, whereon ihe heights and lengths are expressed. 
It is called by ship-wrights the ‘sheer draught’. 


+b. A pattern, an outline drawing. Ods. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. iii. § 4 Certaine exemplary 
draughts or patternes. 1610 HoLttanp Camden's Brit. 1. 
342 When the corne is come uppe a man may see the 
draughts of streetes crossing one another. 

32. A preliminary ‘sketch’ or outline of a writ- 
ing or document, from which the fair or finished 
copy is made. (Now usually Drart, q.v. 5.) 

1528 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 250 Where ther is a draught 
of a Will of myne. 1659 Rusuw. Hist. Coll. 11. (1692) I. 
238 In the Draught of the Bill..it was further specified 
[etc.]. ¢1680 BeveriDGE Sev. (1729) I. 263 This was the 
first draught of the new covenant. a@1715 Burnet Own 
Time (1766) I. Pref. 3 What I wrote in the first draught of 
this ae 1738 Bircu JMz/ton in M.’s Wks. I. 3 There are 
two Draughts of this Letter in his own hand writing. 1825 T. 
Jerrerson A utobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 7, I prepared a draught 
of instructions to be given to the delegates. 1831 BrewsTeR 
Newton (1855) II. xiv. 31 We have found several rough 
draughts of the changes which he intended to have made 
upon the scholium, 

+ 33, Something drawn up or devised; a scheme, 
plan, design, device; a plot; an artifice. 8. 
rarely draft. Obs. 

1535 STEwarT Cron. Scot. II. ror Richt quietlie..that 
draucht wes drawin. 163x RutHerrorp Left. (1862) I. 7o 
The counsels and draughts of men against the kirk. 173% 
Pore Ep. Burlington 103 Greatness, with Timon, dwells in 
such a draught As brings all Brobdignag before your 
thought. 8. 1873 H. Rocers Ovig. Bible i. (1875) 21 How 
much this draft of morality .. differs from that of heathen 
nations in general. 

XI. 34. The withdrawing, detachment, or selec- 
tion of certain persons, animals, or things from a 
larger body for some special duty or purpose ; the 
party so drawn off or selected ; sgec. in military 
use. (Now usually Drart, bs v. 2.) 

1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3888/3 Orders .. for making a con- 
siderable Draught out of our Garison, in order to some 
Expedition. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S?¢. Gt. Brit. 1. m1. x. 
(1743) 245 The several garrisons, from whence Draughts are 
made for the army. 1780 T. Jerrerson Lett. Writ. 1893 
II. 343 We happened to have about 400 draughts raised .. 
and never called out. 1794 T. Davis Agric. Wilts in 
Archzxol. Rev. (1888) Mar., Draughts, hazel-rods selected 
for hurdle-making. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 31 Draughts 
of labourers were employed in Spain. 

35. Comm, a. The ‘drawing’ or withdrawing 
of money from a stock by means of an order written 
in due form. (Also Drart, q.v. 3.) 

1633 T. Starrorp Pac, Hib. 1. iii, 29 Fearing. .lest some 
draught might bee drawen upon them. a@1715 BuRNET 
Own Time {x766) I. 437 To get such draughts made on that 
bank .. that there should be no money current there. 1758 
roa Idler No. 47 ® 3 Payments by Draughts upon our 

nker, 1838 Prescotr Ferd. § Js. u. xix. III. 338 Re- 
plenishing the exchequer by draughts on his new subjects. 

b. A formal written order for the payment of 
money, ‘drawn on’, or addressed to, a person 
holding funds available for this purpose. (Now 
written DRaFt, q.v. 3 b. 

1730-6 Baitey (folio), Draught, a bill drawn by a Merchant 
payable by another on whom it is drawn. 1745 F1IeLpinG 
True Patriot Wks. 1775 IX. 335, I have sent you a draught 
on your tutor according to your desires. ar _ 
Ess. Char. Men Wks. 1762 1V. 358 [He] who relieves 
his friend in distress by a drau ait on Aldgate Eom 
[Vote] a mercantile phrase for a bad note. 1 LACK- 
STONE Comm. II. xxx. 467 In common speech such a bill is 
frequently called a draught, but a dill of exchange is the 
more legal as well as mercantile expression. 1790in Dallas 


DRAUGHT. 


Amer. Law Rep. 1. 195 Draughts made payable to the 
party himself. [1786 see Drarr 3b.] 

XII. 36. The act of drawing forth or out; 
drawing (as of lots). rare. 

1807 Rosinson Archzol. Greca 1. xvi. 264 To take 
fatidical verses .. written .. on little pieces of paper, to put 
them into a vessel; out of which they drew them, expecting 
to read their fate in the first draught. 

+ 37. fg. Extraction, derivation ; something de- 
rived, an emanation. Oés. 

1483 eesuiros IA de W. 1515) 76 The synne yt they had 
of the draught of kynde of our fader Adam and Eve. 1561 
T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. v. (1634) 11 Some say that Bees 
have part of minde divine, and heavenly draughts. 

+38. A passage of a writing; an extract. Ods. 

1382 Wycuiir Esther Prol., The whiche boc the comun 
making drawith along hider and thider with the torne 
dra3tis. cx385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2667 Hyfermnestra, 
And seyde, herof a draught, or two. 1601 HotLanp Pliny 
II. 373 Extracts and draughts out of those authors, 

+ 39. An extract obtained by distillation. (Also 


draft.) Obs. 

1576 Baker Yewell of Health 230b, To the draft or 
substance of the hearbs let the proper water be poured. 

40. The action of drawing liquor from a vessel ; 
the condition of being ready to be so drawn. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 131/t Drawte of .. lycoure owte of a 
wesselle, 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhid. 1. 234 By this 
machine, wines, spirits, stout, &c., can be kept on draught. 

41. Cookery. The entrails of an animal drawn 
out (cf. Draw v. 50). Obs. or dial. 

14.. Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier 1882) 88 Tak the draught 
of samon and mak it clene and put it ina pot. 1787 Mrs. 
Maciver in Kitchiner Cook's Oracle (1829) 373 Scotch 
Haggis..mince the draught and a pretty large piece of beef 
very small. 1825-80 Jamirson, Drauché, the entrails of a 
calf or sheep, the pluck. 

2. A mild blister or poultice that ‘draws’, 

1828 WesstER, Draught..18 A sinapism, a mild vesicatory. 
(So in later Dicts.) 

43. Masonry, Arch., etc. (See quots.) 

1859-76 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Draught, in 
masonry, a part of the surface of the stone, hewn to the 
breadth of the chisel on the margin of the stone according 
to the curved or straight line to which the surface is to be 
brought. /é7d., In carpentry, whena tenon is to be secured in 
a mortise by a pin, and the hole in the tenon is made nearer 
the shoulder than to the cheeks of the mortise, the insertion 
of the pin dvaws the shoulder of the tenon close to the 
cheeks of the mortise, and it is said to have a draught. 
1864 WessterR, Draught. .8 The bevel given to the pattern 
for a casting, in order that it may be drawn from the sand 
without injury to the mold. 1881 Younc Every Man his 
own Mechanic § 1313 Two chisel draughts are made at one 
side and the end of the stave something like what in joinery 
is termed a rebate. 

44. Weaving. The succession in which the 
threads of the warp are inserted into the heddles of 
the loom in order to produce the required pattern; 
the plan of ‘drawing’ of a warp (see Draw v. 8b). 

1822 A. Pepoe (¢/¢/e), Linen Manufacturer, Weaver, and 
Warper’s Assistant, with Tables, Drafts, Cordings, etc. 
1875 Ure’s Dict. Arts I11. 979 s.v. Textile Fabrics, As 
the operation of introducing the warp into any number 
of leaves [of heddles] is called drawing a warp, the plan 
of succession is called the ‘draught’. /édzd. 982 Fig. 1955 
represents the draught and cording of a fanciful species 
of dimity. 

XIII. [In sense 46 withdraught also occurs, 
and has been taken by some as the full word 
whence draught has been shortened.] 

+45. (?) A cesspool, sink, or sewer. Ods. 

1533 Bettenpen Livy v. (1822) 479, Now .. everie privat 
house hath the awin gutters and sinkes, for voiding of 
filthie excrementis, quhare before thay had ane commoun 
draucht. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 126 Our 
whole body is within as it were a stinking draught or puddle 
that emptieth it selfe on euery side as it were by sinks and 
gutters, 1600 Hotianp Livy 1. xi, Notes (1609) 1366 The 
image of this Cloacina was found in a privie or draught, 
called Maxima, 1606 SHaxs. 77. & Cr. v. i, 82 Sweet 
draught: sweet quoth-a? sweet sinke, sweet sure. 1703 
T. N. City & C. Purchaser Pref. 12 Some make this Place 
the Draught of their Houses. 

+46. Aprivy: also draught-house (see 48). Obs. 

2arg00 Wycket (1828) 7 Christ sayde all thynges that 
a man eatethe..is sent diene into the draughte awaye. 
1513 More Rich. J/J Wks. 68/1 This communicacion had 
he sitting at the draught [1543 Grarton Drafte], a con- 
uenient carpet for such a counsaile. 1530 PatsGr. 215/r 
Draught a prevy, ortraict. 1607 SHAKS. Timon V. 1. 105 
Hang them, or stab them, drowne them in a draught. 168: 
W. Ropertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 501 A draught or 
Jakes, latrina: secessus. 

B. 1537 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 142 [He] 
borowed a candell..and serched the drawft and all the 
chambers on the back side. 1552 Hutoet, Draft or Jaques 
.. latrina, 

+b. Evacuation. Ods. rare. 

1659 Maca.to Can. Physick 6 If in the drau: ht there be 
found any piece of skin, it signifies the Guts to be ulcerate. 

XIV. attrib. and Comd. 

47. attrib. a. Of beasts: Used for draught or 
drawing (see 1). 8. also draft. 

1466 Test. Ebor. 11. 285 A draght ox, 1523 Fivzners. 
Husb. § 70 Melch kye and draught oxen. 1642 in Rushw. 
Hist. Coll. wm. (1692) I. 777 Draught-Horses .. for the 
Artillery and Baggage of the Irish Army. 1786 Burke W. 
Hastings Wks. 1842 11. 14x Draught and carriage-bullocks 
for the army. 1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries 1. 273 
Strengthened with additional draught animals, both horses 
and bullocks, we commenced the ascent we Simplon]. 

-2 


DRAUGHT. 
B. 1606 Suaks. 7r. & Cr. m1. i. 116 Yoke you like draft- 
Oxen. 1681 Lond. Gas. No. 1635/4 Five good Draft- 
Leicunarvt Fru. Introd. 17, j purchased 


Horses. ay 
five draft-bullocks. 
b. Of sheep: Drafted or selected from the flock ; 
see Drart sd. 7. 
e. Of liquor: On draught; drawn or ready to 
draw from the cask : as draught ale, beer, etc. 

1893 Daily News 27 Feb. 4/7 Whisky will keep, and draft 

ale will not. 
da. Of a document: Drawn up as a preliminary 
or rough copy. (Commonly Drart, q. v. 7 b.) 

1878 SeeLey Stein II. 293 The document resembles closely 
..the draught Proclamation. /éid. I11. 323 In the form of 
a draught Act of Federation. 

48. Comb. a. in sense 1 (pull, traction), as 
draught-bar, -equalizer, -harness, -pole, -rod, -rope, 
-spring; Db. in other senses, as draught-phial (15), 
-player, -playing (22), t-raker (46), furnace, 
-regulator (24). ©. Special combs, Draught- 
board, the board on which the game of draughts 
is played ; draught-box (see quot.) ; + draught- 
boy = Draw-Boy; + draught-breadths s/. 7/., 
?the traces of a vehicle; + draught-chamber, a 
chamber to withdraw or retire to, a private room ; 
draught-compasses sd. f/. (see quot.); draught- 
dog =draught-hound ; draught-engine, the en- 
gine over the shaft of a coal-pit or mine ; draught- 
hole, a hole by which air is admitted to a 
furnace ; draught-hook (see quots.); + draught- 
hound, a hound used for tracking men or beasts 
by the scent [see DRAW v. 74]; + draught-house, 
a privy (= sense 46) ; draught-line, a line on a 
ship marking the depth of water she draws ; 
draught-net, a net that is drawn for fish; 
draught-spring, a spring inserted between the tug 
or trace of a draught-animal and the car, wagon, 
or other load, so as to relieve the strain at starting, 
etc.; + draught-vice, some machine or vehicle for 
drawing a load ; draught-way, a way along which 
something is drawn; a passage for a draught or 
current of air; + draught-well, a draw-well. Also 
DRAUGHT-BRIDGE, etc. 

bed Knicut Dict. Mech.,*Draft-bar. 1. A swingle-tree. 
2. The bar of a railway-car with which the coupling is 
immediately connected. 1726 FRanKuin ¥ru/, Wks. 1887 I. 
104 All this afternoon I spent .. at the *draft-board. a 1833 
Lams Last Essays of Elia(Ainger 218) In. .books which are 
no books..I reckon court calendars, directories, pocket- 
books, draught-boards bound and lettered on the back. 1874 


Knicut Dict. Mech., *Draft-box ..an air-tight tube by | 


which the water from an elevated wheel is conducted to the 
tail-race. 1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2301/4 A Patent..unto Mr. 
Joseph Mason, for his new invented Engine, which saves all 
Weavers the Trouble .. of a *Draft-Boy. 1617 MarkHaM 
Caval, v. 54 The *draught-breadthes or Coach treates, 
which extend from the breast of the Horse to the bridge- 
tree of the Coach. 1453 Marc. Paston in Paston Lett. 
No. 185 I. 250, I have take the mesure in the *draute 
chamer, ther as ye wold your cofors and cowntewery shuld 
besette. 1463 Bury Wirl/s (Camden) 22 The chambyr abovyn 
the kechene, with the drawgth chambyr longyng therto, 
with the esement of the prevy longgyng thereto. 1 
Puitures, *Draught-Compasses, a sort of Compasses with 
several moveable Points, to make fine Draughts of Maps, 
Charts..etc. 1656-7 in 7th Rep. Hist. MSS. Com. App. 
575/2 A couple of whelps of the blood-hound strain to 
make *draught-dogs. 1884 Symons Geol. Cornwall 196 To 
increase the efficiency of the *draught engine and to reduce 
the cost of fuel. 1874 Kwicut Dict. Mech., *Draft- 
equalizer, a treble tree; a mode of arranging the whiffletrees 
when three horses are pulling abreast, so that all possess an 
equal leverage. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII, 3 The 
saied Chariotes, and the *draught harnesses. 1854 Ronatps 
& Ricnarvson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1. 99 Above the sole 
of the furnace are three rows of *draught holes. 17ar 
Batey, *Draught Hooks. 1753 Cuamprrs Cyc?. Supp. s.V., 
Large hooks of iron fixed on the cheeks of a cannon car- 
riage, two on each side. .called the fore and hind Draught- 
hooks..Used for drawing a gun backwards or forwards b 
men with strong ropes, called Draught-ropes, 1853 Catal. 
R. Agric. Soc. Show 2 A neck collar for.. Farm Harness... 
has the Graft-hook attached, and requires no hames. 1598 
Frorio, Bracco, a beagle, a hound, a spaniell, a blood 
hound, a *draught hound. 174 Comp/. Fam.- Piece u. i.2gr 
Having their Harbinger, Blood-hound or Draught-hound in 
Readiness, they begin the Chace. x J. Kine Ou Yonas 
(1618) 69 They had..a godd for their *d ht-h 
1611 Bisie 2 Kings x. 27 They..brake downe the house of 
Baal, and made it a draught-house (Covern. prevy house]. 
1884 J. Payne Tales fr. Arabic 1. 18 So thou mayest enter 
the draught-house, 1893 Act 36 & 37 Vict. c. 85 § 3 The 
lower line of such .. figures to coincide with the “draught 
line denoted thereby. a 163 Drayton Ws. IV. 1495 4 od.) 
With my *draught-net then I sweep the streaming flood. 
1873 Act 36 § 37 Vict.c.71 § 14 Any person who shall shoot 
mon. 1834 Goon Sindy 
of Med. (ed. 4) ILI. 396 The dose of this water .. was a 
draught-phial full, and, Sueeqnreny, about an ounce 
and a half. 1886 Pal/ Mall G. 17 Feb. 4/1 The in- 
mates were sitting reading, *draught playing, or other- 
wise amusing themselves. 1893 ¥rnd. KR. Agric. Soc. Dec. 
15 The *draft-pole is pivoted to eyes .. attached to the 
forward face of the main frame. a 1605 Potwart Flyting 
w, Montgomerie 758 Halland shaker, *draught raiker. 1! 
Corqunoun Compl. Oarsman's Guide 32 (Locks). 
“draught rod connects the paddle or sluice with the lever, 
the rack and winch, or the crowbar [that raises it]. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech., Draft-rod (Plow.), a rod extending 
beneath the beam from the clevis to the sheth and takin; 
the strain off the beam, 1609 Hottann Amm. Marcel. 


or work any seine or draft net for 


644 


xvi. iv. 84 [The Egyptian Obelisk]..beeing layed upon 
certaine *draught-vices and engi was. . brought into the 
Circus Maximus. Sy, Mig gp Greece 1. 1. 17 

this line, hence called the Diolcus, or *Draughtway, vesse! 
were often transported from sea to sea. 1879 Casse/l's 
a Educ. 1 FP metal being kept eon! ~ 
ii jraughtway. exgge Prengh "ar. 131/1 
*Drawte welle, Aaurium. _ 

Draught (draft), 7. [f Draveur sé.] 

1. trans. To draw off (a party of persons, animals, 
etc.) from a larger body for some special duty or 
purpose. (Now commonly Drart, q.v. 1.) 

weep Lond. Gaz. No. 5193/4 Who was Draughted into Sir 
John Gibson's Company of Invalid Serjeants. 1745 Gent/. 
Mag. 664 An order ,, for draughting out of the train of 
artillery. .130 matros¥es. 1758 7 Brake Plan Mar. Syst. 
12 ‘The commander .. shall draught off an equal number of 
men .. to supply their places. 1868 E. Epwarps Raleigh 
I. xi. 211 The soldiers. .were hastily draughted off to their 
respective vessels. 

2. To make a plan or sketch of; esf. to draw a 
preliminary plan of (something to be constructed) ; 
to design. (Sometimes draft.) 

1828 WessteEr, Dra/t, to draw the outline, to delineate. 
1851 Kiprinc Sail/making (ed. 2) 138 To have a right 
understanding of draughting sails, geometry ought to be 
studied. 1863 Loner. Wayside lun 1. Building of Long 
Serpent iii, Drafting That new vessel for King Olaf. 

3. To treat with draughts (of medicine), ad- 
minister draughts to. rare. (Cf. dose v.) 

1768 Foote Devil on 2 Sticks u1. Wks. 1799 11. 275 Power 
-.to pill..draught..and poultice, all persons. 

4. Masonry. To cuta draught upon: see DRAUGHT 
sb. 43. (Also DrarFt, q.v. 3) 

1848 [see AA/. a. below). 1888 Daily News 15 Sept. 3/1 
They [stones] are draughted all round, but left rough on the 
outer face. 

5. Weaving. To draw (the threads of the warp) 
through the heddles of the loom: = Draw z. 8 b. 

Hence Draughted /f/. a., Draughting vd/. sd. ; 
esp. = DRAUGHT Sd. 44. 

1 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 
IIl. 529 The draughting of their children into the Militia. 
1848 W. H. Bartietr Eeypft to Pal. xx. (1879) 438 The 
old wall..with its large draughted stones. 1878 A. BarLow 
Weaving 108 (Cent.) The draughting or entering of the 
warp threads through the headles. 1889 Anthony's Photogr. 
Bull, W1. 218 Draftman’s tracing paper .. can be obtained 
of most dealers in drafting materials. 


’ ¥ For other senses, see DRAFT v. 


+ Drau'ght-bridge. Oss. = DrawsrincE. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 183 Was ber non entre .. 
Bot a streite kauce, at be end a drauht brigge. c1380 Sir 
Ferumb, 1952 Pe jeates were panne sone y-schet, & pe 
dra3t-brige vp y-drawe. c1475 Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 

84/18 Hoc superfossorium, a drawtebryge. 1543 in 
Turner Dom. Archit. 111. 78 William Clebe..hath made. . 
at your Tour of London..a new draght brygge. 

Draughtman (dra‘ftmén). rare. 

1. =DRAvUGHTSMAN;: esp. in sense 4. 

1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. iv, Lavinia, rising to the sur- 
face with the last draughtman rescued. 1891 E A. Tittett 
St. George Tombland, Norwich 36 A bone draughtman, 
of the type used by the early Norsemen. 

+2. nonce-use, in morning's draught-man =a 
man who indulges in a moming’s draught (of 
liquor) ; a tippler. Ods. 

1710 Tatler No. 241 P 2 That the wholesome Restorative 
above-mentioned [Water-gruel] may be given in Tavern 
Kitchens to all the Mornings Draught-Men .. when they 
call for Wine before Noon. [In some later edd. printed 
morning draughtsmten, and so quoted by Latham, etc.) 

Hence Drau‘ghtmanship = DRAUGHTSMANSHIP. 

1870 A thenxum 14 May 648 The artist has rendered the 
pathos of his subject with perfect skill in d h hi 


‘DRAW. 


Draughtsmanship. Also Drarrsmay-. Sis 
prec. +-SHIP.] The function, quality, or art of a 
Cesngitennn4 skill in draughting or drawing. 

1846 Worcester cites Sir J. HERSCHEL. 1862 THorNBURY 
Turner 1. 54 Ts ing the boy's p pective, g 'y, and 


to some 
i prea ad Binet Ca Pa Rule 
ip ICEY , Case ome 
(ed. 2) 225 Hesitations of « <he, She benagell themselves 
hyena abe hig 

Drau‘ghtswoman. [as Draventsman.] A 
woman employed or skilled in drawing. 

1845 Lond. Frni. 1. 191 [They] are likely to become bold 
land: draugh 188: Mrs. E. J. Worsoise 
Sissie xli, She is a very fair draughtswoman. 

Drau‘ght-tree. ?(%s. The Bole of a wagon 
or other vehicle, to which the drawing gear is 
attached. 

1s80 Hoitysann Treas. Fr. Tong, Le Limon d'un 
chariot .. the beame whereon the iron hangeth in a Waine, 
the draught tree of a on, coache, or carte. c161% 
Cuarman //iad xxut. 358 His draught-tree fell to earth, and 
him the toss’d up chariot threw Down to the earth. 1789 
Manan tr. Persius (1795) 130 uote, Temo signifies the beam 
polidy yepoding ae ay artis ake geth. 
I MEATON stone L.§ ¥ oe ving) a very 
thek axle-tree, pedi which ts fned a stout iehiog or 
platform, that termi for ge and 
yoking the cattle to. : 

ughty (dra‘fti),a. [f Dravcur sd.+-¥1.] 

1. Abounding in draughts or currents of air. 

1846 Mrs. Marsu Emilia Wyndham (L.), In this draughty 
comfortless room I waited. 1859 R. F. Burton Cenir. A/r. 
in Yrnd. Geog. Soc. XX1X. 123 A filmy shade that flutters 
and flickers in the draughty breeze. 

2. Designing, artful, crafty: see DRAUGHT 33. Sc. 

1822 GaLt Steam-Boat 189 (Jam.\, I could discern that 
the flunkies were draughty fellows, 1823 — R, Gilhaisze \. 
162 (Jam.) I'll be plain wi’ you, said my grandfather to this 
draughty speech. 1829 Hocc Sheph. Cal. 1. 233 Ye're 
a cunning draughty man. f : P 

+8. [Perhaps an alteration of the equivocal adj. 
Drarty.] Rubbishy ; filthy. Ods. rare. 

1602 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. i. ii. 151 The filth that 
falleth from so many draughty inuentions as daily swarme 
in our printing house, ie 

Hence Drau’ghtiness, draughty condition. 

1 Daily News 13 Jan., It might prove an undesirable 
habitation for invalids on account of its draughtiness. 

Drauk, obs. form of Drawk sd. v 

Draunt, var. of DRant. 

Drave (dré'v). Sc. [northern form of Drove :— 
OE. dréf.] A fishing —- in which several 
men take part, each supplying a net and receiving 
a share of the profits made. Later, A haul (of fish) ; 


also, a shoal. 

1733 P. Linpsay Jxterest Scot. 202 Artificers, Day- 
labourers, and Farmers Servants that live near the Coast .. 
make it a Condition with their Masters, to be allowed the 
Drave to themselves. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 1V. 18 
An Adventure of this is called a Drave..two or three 
Fishermen associate five or six Landmen, for there are 
commonly eight or nine Men to a Boat. 1793 Statist. Acc. 
Fifesh. 1X. 445 (Jam.) The meres it is here called, was 
seldom known to fail. 1854 Phemie Millar 1. 224 Phemie 
loved the stir and excitement of the t herring drave. 

Drave, obs. or arch. pa. t. of DRIVE v. 

+Dra-vel, v. Ovs. Also 6 dravil, drevil, 
drefie. [Miatzner suggests connexion with ON. 
drafa to talk indistinctly, draf tattle.] intr. To 
sleep unsoundly, have troubled sleep ; ? to talk in 


one’s sleep. 
(13-. Gaw. & Gr. Knt. sige dre3 droupyng of dreme 


ad h h 


in a draught-tree 


and modelling. 1674 Edin. Rev. No. 285. 179 As old as 
the infancy of draughtmanship. 


tsman (dra‘ftsmén). Pl. -men. See 

also Dxarrsman.  [f. draugh?’s, genitive of 
DravGur sd. + ss 

1. One whose profession is to make drawings, 

plans, or sketches ; a man employed or skilled in 
drawing or designing. 


1663 ps Drartsman 1). 1971§ Leont Palladio's Archit. 
1742) I. 59 One of the best draughtsmen of our time. 
AWSON Dawn of Life iii. 41 The. .drawings were execut 


Mr. H.S. Smith, the. .draughtsman of the Survey. 1888 

URGON Lives 12 Gd. Men 1. iii. 345 Though he was no 

draughtsman, he was the author of a large portfolio of 
portraits. 

2. One who draws up, or makes a draft of, a 
writing or document; one whose office it is to 
draw up legal or official documents, Now more 
usually DRAFTSMAN, q.v. 2. 

1759 {see Drarrsman 2]. 18a5 T. Jerrerson A ntobdiog. 
Wks. 1859 I. 40 The laws of which I was myself the mover 
and draughtsman. 1878 Seetey Svein I. 457 Jurist and 

liamentary draugh Spect 4 June 762/1 

‘he actual draughtsman of the Report. 

A man employed in drawing or pulling some- 
thing. rare. Also draftsman. 

1795 A. Anperson Narr, China in Morse Amer. Geog. 
(1790) II. 509 Fastening one rope to the mast. .the draftsmen 
take the rope on shore along with them. 

4. One of the ‘men’ or pieces used in the game 
of Draughts; also DRAUGHTMAN, q. Vv. I. 

1894 ‘Cnequerist’ (R. A. Williams) How to hae 
Draughts well 8 The writer recommends the ‘Royal’ 
Draughtsmen of the British Chess Company, as retaining 
the upper man when a King is made. 


4, 


d pat noble. 1513 tas Aineis vii. Prol. 1 Of 
drefling [ed. 1553 dreuilling] and dremis quhat dow it to 
endyt ? /éid. x. x1. 96 Quhen mennis myndis oft in eng | 


is, Jbid. xu. xiv. 52 Quhen sum dravill 
roe dvenilign ] on the coscuad tlie Our ene pina Hy 
vel, obs. form of DrIvEL, 

Dravick: see Drawk sd. 

Draw (drd), v. Pa. t. drew (dri) ; pple. 
drawn ( a). Forms: see below. [A Common 
Teut. strong vb. of 6th ablaut series: OE. dragan, 
e* (dréh), dragen = OS. dragan, OUG. tragen, 
ON. draga, Goth. (ga)dragan: only in OE. and 
ON. with the sense ‘draw, pull’; in the other 
langs. with that of ‘ carry, bear’. 

On account of the phonetic development of original 
g in English, the modern conjugation deviates 
much from the normal type (as in shake, shook, 
shaken); the g of the present stem having passed 
through the labialized guttural spirant (7), to 
(w), drag-, dra}-, drau3-, draw}-, drawh-, draw-. 
The same happened in ME, in the pa. t., where 
drég, dréh, became dro}, drou3, drow}, 
drough, drow; but this was supplanted in 14-15th 
c. by drew, app. by assimilation to the orginal 
reduplicated verbs of the series d/ow, blew, , 
and prob. first in the northern dialect, where these 
verbs retained their original -dw (d/aw, dlew, 
blawen; so draw, drew, drawen). (Through the 
modern pronunciation of ez, after 7, as (#), drew is 
now pronounced as the historical A would 
have been, if it had survived.) In OE. the and 
and 3rd sing. pres. Ind. had umlaut, dregst, drehst, 


DRAW. 


drezp. This was probably the origin of the by- 
form dray- of the present stem: see A. 1 8. (A weak 


pa. t. and pple. drawed is occasional from 16th c., © 


and freq. in illiterate speech.)] 
A. Inflexional Forms. 

1. Present stem. a, 1 Araz-, 2-4 dra3-, (drach-), 
3 dra3zh-, drah-, 3-5 drau3-, 4-5 drauh-, 
dragh-, 5 draw3}-, (4-6 drau-), 3- draw-. 

c K. Aurrep Gregory's Past. \vi. (1871) 431 Hit mon 


dregb. axooo Guthlac 699 (Gr.) Ongon .. drazan. c¢ 1200 
Trin. Coll. Hom. 29 And swo dra3en hem to hire. did. 


149 Louerd drah me after be. Zézd. 258 Louerd drau3 us 
neor be. c1z0o Ormin 15394 To dra3henn hemm till 
hellegrund. az225 Leg, Kath. 1991 Pe obre walden drahen 
hit. ¢1275 Lay. 1338 Seyles [to] drawe to toppe. a@1300 
Cursor M. 21264 Gott.) Four ar pai.. pat draues [v. 77. 
draghis, draus, drawe] be wain. c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 
1031 Pere he dra3ez hym on-dry3e. 1393 LancL. P. PZ. C. 
1m. 190 Oure cart shal he drawe. 1540 Ludlow Churchw. 
Acc. (Camden) 3 To draue the clothe. 1552 Hutoer, Draw 
as a paynter doth. 
8. 3 dreih-, drei-, drey-, drai-, 5-6 dray-. 

ai2zz5 Fuliana 30 Elewsius..het..dreihen [v. ~. dreaien] 
hire into darc hus. a 1r2z5 Leg. Kath. 2237 Gultelese, leaden 
And dreien to deade. c1275 Pains of Hell 89 in O. £. 
Afisc. 149 And dreyeb heom in-to a wel. c1460 Vowneley 
Myst. (Surtees) 49 When his tyme begynnys to day, I rede 
no man fro hym eg 1523 FirzHers. Surv. ix. (1539) 13 
‘To dray any water like a pompe. 

2. Past tense. a. 1 dr63, dréh, 2-4 dro3, dro3h, 
droh (3 drohh), 3-4 drou, 3-5 drow, 4-5. drogh, 
drou3, drow3, drowgh, drowh, drough (droch, 
droow, dro). 

c9s0 Lindisf. Gosp. John xxi. 11 Simon Petrus. .droz pat 
Po ate eorde. ¢1200 ORMIN 8704 Horrs off fir itt abies: 
Ibid. 11907 He drohh peer forp be bokess lare. bid. 14675 
Abraham..droh hiss swerd. a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 110 Vor hore 
uorlorennesse pet drowen him to deade. cx2g0 Gen. & Ex. 

Dis water him on-sunder dro3._ ¢ 1275 Lay. 16058 Pou 
drohe to pe vncoube leode. a1300 Cursor M. 4387 (Cott.) 
Sco drou [v. ». droghe] his mantel. Zid. 24056 (Edin) Pat 
pison bardroch in place. 1382 Wycuir Yer. xxxi. 3 Yrewende 
dro3 thee. a@1400 Prymer(1891) 106 He that droow me out 
of the wombe. c¢x400 Destr. Troy 5290 And dro hym fro 
dethe. /did. 6207 ‘wo dromondarys drowe hit. ¢ 1430 
Piler. Lyf Manhode m. Wviii. (1869) 171, I..drowh my 
bordoun to me. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. vi. 12 Wolues.. 
al to drow hym. c1s00 Mery Yest Mylner Abyngton 239 
in Hazl. Z. P. P. II. 109 At that worde the clarke loughe, 
And by the voice to erika drough, 

P In the following either a scxib 1 error for droge, or con- 
fused with Pe oO hagas C ee 

a@1400-50 Alexander 3629 Cursoures paim dreze. Jbdid. 
5554 Pai dre3ze him vp to pe drye. : 

8. 4- drew (4 Sc. drewch, 5 drw, 5-6 drewe, 
dreue, drue). 

¢1320 Sir Tristr. 1299 Riche sail bai drewe. c1400 Beryn 
170 Pey drow3 to dynerward, as it drew to noon. ¢ 1489 
Caxton Blanchardyn v. 23 The wounde that drue hym 
toward to dethe. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 352 Than the 
barons dreue towarde London. 1568 GraFTon Chron. II. 
r They drewe together. /déd. 155 He drue more and more 
of his people into the Citie. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. I//, 1. iii. 
176 And with thy scornes drew’st Riuers from his eyes. 

y. drawed. 

1619 N. Brent tr. Sarpi’s Hist. Counc. Trent (1676) 134 
There was no..abuse which drawed not after it [etc.]. 1767 
Ann, Reg. X. Characters 204/1 [He] wire-drawed the books 
of Moses into a complete system of natural philosophy. 

3. Pa. pple. 1 drazen, 2-3 drajen, 4-5 draghen, 
drauen (4 drauhen, dragh(e, 4-6 draun(e, 
drawen (4-5 -in, -yn, ydrawe, drawe, draw), 
6- ydrawne, 6-7 drawne, 7- drawn. 

1127 O. £. Chron., Eall pat pa beon dragen. c 1250 Gen. 
§ Ex. 13 Dis song is drajzen on Engleis speche. a 1300 
Cursor M. 20061 (Edin.) In opir inglis was it drawin [v. 9. 
draun, drawen). 13.. Guy Warw. (A.) 4499 Toward 
Inglond is Gij y-drawe. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 
183 Drauhen care ae gate. a@1340 Hampote Psalter xix. 8 
vo ere draghen ute, ¢1%374 CHAUCER Axel. § Arc. 70 

Vhe noble folke were to the toune ydrawe. ¢ 31450 tr. De Jmi- 
tatione u. ix. 50 To be drawe oute of himself. c rgs0 
Lucrece & Euryalus, Envoy, Thys boke in Englysh drawe 
was. 1581 HoLtyBanp Campo di Fior 273 It shalbe drawen 
with horses. 1646 P. BuLkELey Gosfed Covt. 1, 110 They 
had drawn their curtains. 

8. 3 dreien, 4 drayn, drain, 5 dreyn. 

¢1320 Sir Tristr. 1575 Wib his swerd al drain. a1440 
Sir Degrev. 665 When the lordys were drawin [vimes leyn, 
aserned 

y. Weak forms. 

cr33e Arth, & Merl. 6828 Thai were abrod’ y-dreyght. 
1580 T. Witson Logike 58b, Now, that we have drawed 
ed. 1567 drawen] these wordes. .so farre, 


B. Signification. 

General scheme of see age - 
I. Of traction (* Generally. **In specific applications. 
*** With specific obj ** In red and figurative 
Pee gees II. Of attraction drawing in or together. 
UI. Of extraction, withdrawal, removal (*With that 
which is taken as the object. ** With that from which the 
contents are taken as the Glee. IV. Of tension, ex- 
tension, protraction. V. Of delineation or construction by 
drawing (* To draw a line, figure, formal document, com- 
mn. **To draw a bill or demand note). VI.. ref. 

and intr, Of motion, moving oneself. VII. In combina- 

_ Hon with adverbs (e. g. draw out). 

I. Of simple traction. * J the general sense. 
(The most general word for this; other words, 
partly synonymous, as drag, haul, trail, tug, 
imply drawing in a particular manner or with 
special force.) 


645 ; 

1. “vans. To cause (anything) to move toward 
oneself by the application of force; to pull. 

¢950 Lindisf. Gosp. John xxi. 11 Astaz Simon Petrus and 
drog pat nett on eorde. c1z00 OrmIN 15394 To drazhenn 
hemm till hellegrund. cxg00 Sowdone Bab. 2566 The 
Babyloynes of his hors him drowe. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le 
Blane’s Trav. 140 By drawing threads out of the leaves. 1669 
Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 93 Draw your Sight-Vane 
a little lower down. 1697 Dampier Voy. . vii, 165 Canoas 
-- Will not last long, especially if not drawn ashore often and 
tarred, Jéid. xiv. 380: It comes off by only drawing the 
Cane thro your hand. roo S. L. tr. Fxyke’s Voy. E. Ind. 
16 A Shark came up to him, and drew him under Water. 
Hi ps Appison 7atler No. 163 P 1 He drew a Paper of 

erses out of his Pocket. 1786 Map. D’Arstay Diary 
2r May, I..drew my hat over my face. 1847 A. M. 
Gittiam Trav. Mexico 255 The buckle of my belt was never 
disturbed, except to draw it tighter, when I was pinched 
with hunger. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Shirl. III. 95 Drawing 
her father aside for an instant. 1879 DowpENn Southey iil. 
71 To draw the pen across six hundred lines. 

b. adbsol. 

1305 St. Lucy 105 in EL. E. P. (1862) 104 Hi schoue and 
droze al pat hi mizte. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 
131 The Rope of its own accord doth pull or draw very hard 
+. two such Ropes draw as much as a Man’s Strength. 

ec. refi. (with adverbial or other complement). 
(See also draw up, 89 b.) 

1885 G. AttEN Babylon i, Mrs. Winthrop drew herself 
together. 1 W. G. Russet Ocean Trag. I. vii. 141 
Wilfrid..drew himself erect. 1893 Nat. Observer 23 Dec. 
138/1 Ermyntrude drew herself to her full stature. 

d. intr. for passive. To be drawn, or to admit 

of being drawn. sfec. in Founding, etc. = DELIVER 
vl 12. 
- 1635 Quartes: Emblems 1. iv. 17 Thy Balance will not 
draw ; thy Balance will not downe. 1697 Dampier Moy. I. 
ii. 17 The Line in drawing after him chanc’d to kink, or 
grow entangled. 1703 Moxon Afech. Exerc. 179 That the 
String may draw tight upon the Work. 1886 Mrs. 
Ranvotru Mostly Fools 1. x. 299 The rope drew taut and 
parted in the middle. 

2. To pull (anything) after one; to move (a 
thing) along by traction. Specifically used: of 
a beast of draught pulling a vehicle, a plough, etc. 

cr2z00[see A. 2a]. a1300 Cursor M. 11654 (Gitt.) A waine 
.- pat drauen was wid oxen tuin. 1503 Act 19 Hen. V//,c. 
18 Haling or drawing. any such. Trow, Boat, or Vessel. 
1593 T. Watson Tears Fancie iv. (Arb.) 180 In her Coach 

ydrawne with siluer Doues.. 1648 Gace West Ind. xii. 54 

fhey..drew after them stones, earth, timber. 1700 S. L. 
tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 263 We drew their Vessel along after 
us. I. Taytor Orig. Aryans 180 The Egyptians and 
the Hittites possessed war chariots drawn by horses. A/Zod. 
A locomotive drawing a long train of wagons. 

b. absol. or intr. esp. of beasts of draught; also 
Jig. in phr. to draw together, or in one line=to 
‘pull together’, agree (obs.); also to draw with = 
to be in like case with (quot. 1604). 

1526 Tinpace PAil. ii. 2 That ye drawe one waye..being 
of one accorde. 1538 Bate Brefe Comedy in Harl. Misc. 
(Malh.) I. 215 Drawe only after his lyne. “1546 J. Heywoop 
Prov. (1867) 65 We drew both in one line.” 1548 Hatt 
Chron., Hen. V, 65 b, An Antlop drawyng in an horse mill. 
1604 Suaxs. Oth. 1v. i. 68 Thinke euery bearded fellow that’s 
but yoak’d May draw with you. 1686 Loud. Gaz. No. 
2147/4 These three [horses] have alldrawn. 1775 SHERIDAN 
Rivals 1, i, Does she draw kindly with the Captain? 1844 
Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. V.1. 17%, The horses draw abreast. 

ce. intr. for passive. 

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 141 He..puts on 
a white shirt that drawes on the ground, like persons doing 
penance with us. 1892 /edd 19 Mar. 415/2 ‘The Irish out- 
side cars..draw lighter than an ordinary English cart. 

3. transf. a. With the load as object : To convey 
or carry in a vehicle ;. to cart; to haul. 

c1290 S.. Eng. Leg. I. 39/185 Huy drowen pat bodi so 
mildeliche. 1362 Lanci. P. Pl. A. vit. 275 To drawe a- 
feld my donge. 1592 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 153 Two strength- 
less doves will draw me through the sky. x Cowrer 
My Mother's Picture 49 Where the gardener Age «Drew 
me to school..Delighted with my bauble coach. 1844 
Fral. R. Agric. Soc. V.1. 282 The farmers generally draw 
the hay and coals for the cottagers, 

b. With the beast as obj.: To employ in drawing, 
use for draught. ?Only in fa. pple. 

1679 Lond. Gaz. No. 1423/4 One brown bay Gelding.. 
trots all, and hath been much drawn, r72x /bid. No. 
5996/10 A grey Nag, used to be drawn.. 

ec. absol. Of hawks: see quot. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans Aij, We shall say that hawkys doon 
draw when they bere tymbering to their nestes, and nott 
they beld, ne make ther nestes. 

** In specific applications. 

4. To drag (a criminal) at a horse's tail, or on a 
hurdle or the like, to the place of execution; 
formerly a legal punishment of high treason, 

¢1330 R. Brunner Chron. (1810) 247 First was he drawen 
for his felonie, and as a pefe pan slawen, on galwes hanged 

hie. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 1970 To be. .drawen as.a dog and to 
dethe broght. 1460 Carcrave Chron. (1858) 287 [Serle 
was] condempned to be drawe thorow oute the good 
townes of Ynglond, and aftir to be hangen and quartered 
at London. be Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliti. (1482) 288 
Juged to be leyd' on an hurdel and than to be drawe thurgh 
the cyte of london to Tiborne. 1548 Hate Chron., Hen. 
VIT, 47 After the fassyon of treytours to be drawen, 
hanged and quartred. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 18 
Whane they ware drawne they had ther pardone all 
and their lyffes. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 191 Because 
he came of the bloud royall..he was not drawne, but was 
set upon an horse, and so brought to the place of execution, 
and there hanged. 1769 Biackstonz Com, (1830) IV. vi. 


DRAW. 


92 That the offender [in cases of high treason] be drawn to 
the gallows, and not be carried or walk. 1890 T. Cooper 
in Dict. Nat. Biog. XX1. 4/1 [Garnett] was sentenced to be 
drawn, hanged, disembowelled, and quartered. 

+ 5. To pull or tear 2 pzeces, asunder. Obs. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. gobo (Gitt.), 1 war worthi wid hors be 
drauin. c¢x420 Sir Amadas (Weber) 173 He seyd, the 
howndes schuld the flesch drawe. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes 
of Aymon iii. 96 Reynawde..made Hernyer to be bounde 
hys foure memes: to foure horses taylles, and soo he was 
drawnen all quyck, and quartered in foure peces. 1530 
Patscr. 349 They had rather suffre their lymmes to be 
drawen in peces. 1700 TyrrELL /ist. Eng. IL go2 He was 
condemned to be drawn asunder by Horses. _ 1700 /rye's 
Voy. E. Ind, 276 Vo be drawn in pieces with Elephants. 

é. To contract, cause to shrink; to pull out of 
shape or out of place, to distort. 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 99 Pe crampe..in be which 
sijknes cordis and pe senewis weren drawen to her bigyn- 
nynge. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1074 So pat be synnes 
in his ham..was drawen samen. a x691 Boyte //ist, Air 
(1692) 82 His mouth was so drawn awry, that ‘twas hideous 
to behold. 1777 Sueripan Sch. Scand. u. ii, She draws 
her mouth till it..resembles the aperture of a poor’s-box. 
1847 Tennyson Princ. vii. 114 With all their foreheads 
drawn in Roman scowls. 1870 SwinpuRNE Ess. & Stud. 
(1875) 357 The face smiling, but drawn and fixed. 1892 
Cassell’s Fam. Mag. Apr. 279/1 Artificial teeth..are apt to 
draw the mouth. 

b. intr. for ref. To contract, shrink. 

1530 Patscr. 527 His skynne draweth togyther lyke 
burned lether. (1626 Bacon Sy/va § 34, I haue not yet 
found certainly, that the Water it selfe. . will shrinke or draw 
into lesse Roome, 1893 Vem ple Bar Mag. XCVII1. 157 Her 
dark brows draw together over ber black eyes. 

+7. trans. To bring together by sewing (edges 
of a rent, etc.) ; to mend (a rent); cf. also dvaw 
up, 89 c, and FINE-pRaw. Oés. 

1592 GREENE U/fst. Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 
242 Haue they not a drawer. .to drawe & seame up the holes 
so cunningly, that it shall neuer be espied? 1611 Cortcr., 
Rentraire..also, to draw, dearne, or sow vp a rent ina gar- 
ment, Jbid., Rentraicture..also, a drawing of rent cloth; 
a dearning. 

*** [ith specific objects. 

8. trans. To pull up (a sail, a drawbridge), pull 
out (a bolt, an organ-stop\, haul in (a nct), etc. 

¢1275§ Lay. 1339 Brutus hepte handli cables, seyles 
drawe to toppe. ¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. IV. 1563 Hypsip., 
And drough his saylle and saugh hir neuer mo. 1568 Grar- 
ton Chron, II. 326 The gate was shut and the bridge drawen. 
1646 JenKYN Remora 27 ‘he bridge of mercy will ere long 
be drawn. 1869 W. Lonoman /fist. Edw. /7/, 1. xvii. 318 
He then drew the bolt, the door was opened. 1881 Scv7b- 
ner's Mag. XX1. 583/2 If we. .draw all the so-called ‘ stops’ 
{of a great organ]. 1893 Longm. Mag. June 120 The net is 
drawn, 

b. Weaving. To insert the threads of (the warp) 
into the heddles in the proper order. 

1875 [see Draucut sb. 44]. 

9. To pull back the string of (a bow) in order to 
bend it so as-to shoot; to bend (a bow). Also, 
to pull back (the arrow) on the string. Also adso/, 

To draw the long bow : see Bow! 43; also Lonc Bow. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace(Rolls) 4379 Archers drowe. 
c1440 Gesta Rom. i, 2 (Harl. MS.) pe kny3t sawe him 
begynne forto drawe his bowe. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. 
VII, 19 The Englishmen yt.. might eyther stand or 
drawe a bowe. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, v. iii. 339 Draw 
Archers, draw your Arrowes to the head. x6rr Bis_e 
1 Kings xxii. 34 A certaine man drew a bow at a venture. 
1766-88 Gispon Decl. & /. lvi, Exercised..to draw the 
bow. 1856 Froupe Hist.. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 173 He drew 
with ease as strong a. bow as.was. borne by any yeoman of 
his guard. 

“| Yo. draw a bead: to take aim with a gun or 
rifle: see BeaD sé. 5 d. 

10. 70 draw bit, bridle, rein: to pull the reins 
in order to stop or check the horse ; to stop, halt, 
‘pull up’: te 

1664, 1782 [see Bir sd.1 8d]. az1690 Lv. SomERVILLE 
Mem. Somervilles (1815) Il. 349 He..never drew bridle 
untill he came the lenth of Leads. 1828 Tyrer //ist. 
Scot. (1864) I. 55 Surrey..rode, without drawing bridle, to 
Berwick. 1840 Barnam /ngol. Leg., Leech Folkestone, 
Scarcely drawing bit. 1850 TJai’’s Mag. XVII. 51/2 
Karolus drew rein in the square. 

ll. To pull (a curtain, veil, cloth, etc.) over 
something so as to cover or conceal it, or aside or 
off from it so as to disclose it. Also fig. (See 
also CurTAIN 56.1 1 b, VEIL sd:) 

c 1420 Sir Amadas (Weber) 74 Over his heyd he drw his 
hode. rgo0g etc. [see Curtain sé. 1 b]. 163r GoucE God's 
Arrows 1. xxv..36 When the curtens were drawne, all the 
people might see it. 1632 MiLton. Pexseroso 3 And sable 
stole of cyprus lawn, Over thy decent shoulders drawn. 
rjor De Fos True-born Eng. . 90 Satyr, be kind and draw 
asilent Veil. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xii, In a room 
with all the window-curtains drawn. 1861 Temple Bar 
Let us draw a veil over this dismal spectacle. 


b. intr. for refl. = passive. 

r71r STEELE Sfect. No. 240 ® 3 Getting into one of the 
Side-boxes on the Stage before the Curtain drew. 1894 
Cornh. Mag. July 38, remember a carriage. .with curtains 
that drew in front of it. y 

12. Zo draw the cloth: to withdraw or remove 
the table-cloth after a meal; to ‘clear away’. 
(Now rare or arch.) + Also, in same sense, fo draw 
the board or table (obs.). 

¢1320 Sir Tristr. 706 Clop and bord was drain [vimes 


DRAW. 


bayn, fayn, etc.). 13.. Coer de L. 4623 Aftyr mete the 
cloth was drawe. 1393 Lancr. P. PZ. C. 1x. 289 Let hem 
abyde tyl be bord be drawe. a@1791 Grose Olio (1796) 111 
Come here, Wolley, and draw the table. 1823 Scorr 
uentin D.xx, When the tables weredrawn. 18.. ‘THACKERAY 
aggarty's Wife (3892) 489 When the cloth was drawn.. 
he would retire to his own apartments. 1861 Temple Bar 
Mag. 11. 307 The cloth had been drawn, as the reporters 
write of public dinners. 1892 Eng. //ustr. Mag. Dec. 
192/2 People don’t even ‘draw cloths’ any more. : 
i3. Of a ship or boat: To displace (so much 
depth of water); to sink to a specified depth in 
floating. [So F. ¢érer tant d'eau, setze pieds deau, 
etc. It is not clear what the original notion is here.] 

1555 Even Decades 7 The smauler vesselles which drewe 
no great depthe entered. 1590 Wespe 7var. (Arb.) 26 She 
drawes but xj foot water. 1627 Cart. SmitH Seaman's 
Gram. xi. 54 The Ships that drawes most water are com- 
monly the most wholsome. 1634-5 Brereton 7rav. (1844) 
5 Two feet more water than the shipdrew. 1782 W. Giri 
Wye (1789) 59 Our barge drawing too much water to pass 
the shallows. 1826 Examiner 289/1 A boat drawing six 
inches water. 1892 Blackw. Mag. CLI. 321/2 Steamers 
for the Zambesi..should not draw over 18 inches. 

Jig. 601 Marston Pasguil & Kath. 1. 319 You may 
easily sound what depth of wits they draw. 

absol, 1606 Suaks. Tr. & Cr. u. iii. 277 Light Botes may 
saile swift, though greater bulkes draw deepe. 

+b. Of the sea or river. Ods. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 132 There be certaine trenches or 
channels in it that draw deepe water, wherein they may 
without danger saile. 

14. In Cricket, To divert (the ball) to the ‘on’ 
side of the wicket by a slight turn of the bat. In 
Golf, To drive (the ball) widely to the left hand. 

1857 Chambers's Information 11. 6g0(Cricket) The proper 
balls to dvaw are those which are pitched somewhat short 
..and come up rather within the line of your leg-stump. /d/d. 
de (Golf) Draw, to drive wildly to the left. 1857 

uGuEs 70m Brown u. viii.(1880) 352. 1893 /d/ustr. Sports 
ing & Dram. News 8 Apr. 156/3 Let him aw the ball or 
heel it, and the chances are he will drop into a lakelet. 

15. Billiards. To cause (a ball) to recoil as if 
pulled back, after striking another ball. 

*#* Tn transferred and figurative applications. 

16. trans. To cause to come, move, or go (from 
or to some place, position, or condition) ; to lead, 
bring, take, convey, put. Also fy. e.g. to draw 
tnto example, precedent, comparison, consequence, 
practice, allowance, etc. Obs. (exc. as associated 
with other senses). + 70 draw to death (also of 
(=from) /z/z): to put to death (ods.). 

¢1200 OrMIN 10392 Ne nohht ne dra3he icc upponn me 
To beon bridgume. a@1a2ag Fuliana 4 Derfliche [he] droh 
ham to deade. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 3806 And .iiii. score of liue 
drajen. 13.. £. E. Addit. P. A. 698 Lorde -py seruaunt 
dra3 neuer to dome. 1378 Barsour Bruce 1. 628 He in 
bowrch hys landis drewch. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 165 
To drawen in-to memorie pe goode werkes. c1450 Merlin 
17 Than the luges drough hem apart, and cleped these 
other wemen. oes Caxton Blanchardyn v. 23 The 
wounde that drue hym toward to dethe. c1ggr in Lett. 
Lit. Men (Camden) 78 Grosse practises..to drawe the 
wealth of the land into his treasurie. 1608 Hizron Defence 
ut. 73 Kneeling. .was not drawne into allowance and practise 
in the Church. 1638 Sir I. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) go Hee 
alters his intent, and drawes his forces against Ranias 
1832 W. Irvine Alhambra II. 22 He hastened to draw 
him from the seductions of the garden. 

+17. To construct (a ditch, canal, wall, etc.) from 
one point to another; to‘lead’. (L. dacere.) Obs. 

c1q00 Destr. Troy 11160 With dykes so depe draghen 
a-boute. 1603 KNoties Hist. Turks (1621) 89 A navigable 
ditch or cut, drawne out of the Nile. 1660 F. Brooke tr. 
Le Blanc’s Trav. 377 From this Lake they draw a Channell 
that sets certain Leather-Engines at worke. Fryer 
Acc. E. India & P. 37 From the first Point a Curtain is 
drawn with a Parapet. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. Il. 26 
A navigable canal bes been drawn lately from Kiel..to 
the river Eyder. 

+18. Cookery. To pass through a strainer; to 
bring to proper consistence (cf. draw up, 89d). Obs. 

c1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 16 Drau3ze hom thorowghe 
a streynour clene. ¢c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 13 Draw 
same brothe thorwe a straynoure. cxq40 Douce MS. 
55 fol. 39 Draw it and do it in a pott. a 1ggo in Vicary's 
Anat. Sieg App. 1x. x. 227 Drawe the pulpe of them 
thorough a strayner. 

+19. To render into another language or style 
of writing ; to translate. Ods. 

cago Gen. & Ex. 13 Ut of latin Sis _ is drajen on 
engleis speche. ¢1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 32 
Intil englishe pus I draw hit, 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 
2 I haue drawen youre legende and all youre seruyce in to 
Englyshe. a1s47_ Surrey (#t/e) The fourth ke of 
Virgill. translated into Englishe, and drawen into straunge 
metre. 1569 FENTON (ite) A Discourse of Ciuile warres 
--in Fraunce, drawne into Englishe. 

+ 20. To bear, endure, suffer, undergo. Ods. (App. 
confused with Dreg.) 

a1225 Yuliana 49 Ope pine ant te ded pat he droh 
for mon. a@t1aag Leg. Kath. 1914 Teonen and tintreohen 
Pe alre meast derue Pat eni deadlich flesch Mahe drehen 
and drahen. a1300 Cursor M. 16989 (Cott.) Pe pine he 
for me drou [Gétt, dregh). 

+21. fig. a. To adduce, bring forward, appeal 
to for confirmation (see also draw forth, 81 b). 
b. To assign, attribute. c. To turn aside to a 
purpose, pervert, wrest. Ods. 

41300 Cursor M. 14651 (Cott) Him drau i me to mi 
warand. 1578 Timme Caluine on Gen. 177 Paul draweth 
the same to all mortal men in all ages. a1sg2 H. Smirn 


646 


Wks. agp ig 73 If we cannot draw it to one of these, 
then we think it fortune. 1628 Karte Microcosm., Lasci- 
he will draw to 

which pre- 
have drawn by great force to 


ill meanings. 
4+ 22. Arith. To add (to, together) ; to subtract 


(out of ); to multiply (z#to, in). Obs. 
©1425 Crafte of Noi e (E. E. T. S.) 9 Draw 2 out of 


4 1 Bo a ape a pre I, XXXV. 
ol., Draw 3 into 4, there wi uced 12, 1709-29 
yy, Manpey Syst. Math., Arith. 13 Two Numbers given, 
to multiply one by the other, or to draw one into the other. 
38rx Hutton Course Math. 11. 291 The fluxion of .. the 


n leues 2. /bid. 18 
fae’ Pesce te wel be 3 a ie 


continual uct of four .. quantities .. consisting of the 
fluxion of each quantity, drawn into the ucts of 
the other three. 


II. Of attraction, drawing in or together. 

23. To take in (air, etc.) into the lungs; to 
breathe, inhale ; to cause (a draught) to enter, e.g. 
intoa chimney or bellows. See also draw in, 82 c. 

13.. Coer de L. 1780 Unnethe he might draw his blast. 
1 Barsour Bruce wv. 199 He na mocht His aynd bot 
with gret panys draw. abr Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 17 
He drough his breth lyke as one sholde haue deyde. 1544 
Puaer Regim. Life (1553) D viij b, Great heate in the brest.. 
is quenched in drawing colde ayre. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 
126 [Sheep] Swoln with wind and the rank mist they draw, 
Rot inwardly. 1659 D. Pett /mfpr. Sea 271 The Male- 
stream-well..of Norway..draws water into it during the 
flood..with such an avarous indraught. 1732 BERKELEY 
Alciphr. 1. § 3 Alciphron..stopped to draw breath and 
recover himself. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xxii, I ne'er 
before. .Have ever drawn your mountain air. 1862 Temple 
Bar Mag. V1. 223 Mellish drew a deep breath. 

b. adsol. To take a draught (of liquor). 

1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage (1614) 348 They had their cup- 
quarrels, striving who should draw deepest. : 

. absol, or intr. To produce or admit of a 
draught or current of air; said of a chimney, also 


of a tobacco-pipe or cigar. 

1758 A. Ret tr. Macguer's Chym. i. 269 Some chimney 
that draws well. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xxxvii, The 
fire does not draw well. 1883 Cambridge Staircase 100 
His pipe requiring to be prodded to make it draw. 

25. To attract by physical force, as a magnet ; 
to contract, become covered or affected with (rust, 


heat, etc.: also fig.). 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 160 Vor ne beo neuer so briht gold .. ne 
stel, pet hit ne schal drawen rust of on bet isirusted. ¢ hie 
SHorEHAM 70 So drawyth hy affinite Wyth alle thyne sibbe. 
c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 199 Bete be feme: .til pou drawe 
blood perto. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) Iv. xxxiv. 83 
Bras draweth soone ruste. at Lp. Berners //uon cix. 
371 The Adamant drew so sore the Iron. 1563 W. Futke 
Meteors (1640) 70b, Jeat and Amber draw hayres, chaffe, 
and like light matter, but being before chafed. 1669 Sturmy 
Mariner's Mag. wv. 138 The Points of the Needle.. are sub- 
ject to be drawn aside by the Guns. 1880 E. Kirke Garjield 
25 As the rod draws the electricity from the air. 

26. fig. To attract by moral force, persuasion, 
inclination, etc. ; to induce to come (to a place) ; 
to attract by sympathy (to a person) ; to convert to 
one’s party or interest ; to lead, entice, allure, turn 
(to, into, or from a course, condition, etc.). (See 
also draw in, on, off, in VII.) @. a person. 

c1175 Lamb, Hom. 53 To dra3e lechurs to ham. ¢ 1200 
Ormin 1011s Her droh Johan Bapptisste wel Pe leode wibp 
hisslare. cx R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14039 He 
.. py wif til hys hore hab drawe. ¢14g0 tr. De /mitatione 
mm. lix. 138 Grace drawib to god and to vertues. 1576 
Fieminc Panopl. Epist. 98 1 was drawn and allured ther- 
unto through the, ~ J. Sreruuns Satyr. Ess. A vib, 
[They] have..hanged their bills up to drawe customers. 
1648 Gace West Jnd. xii. 59 The people are drawne to 
their churches more for the delight of the musick. 178 
Map. D'Arsray Diary June, He endeavoured to draw 
him into telling the tale. 1861 Hucnes Zom Brown at 
O-xf, iii, It is wonderful, though, how you feel drawn to 
a man who feeds you well. 

b. the mind, desires, eyes, attention, etc. 

¢1230 Hali Meid. 33 For to drahen his luue toward hire. 
c1400 Apol. Loll. 2 Pe synne of be heldar man drawip., 
pe hertis _ 3ungar in to dep. 1576 Freminc Panofpl. 
Epist. 358 They drawe the mindes the people into an 
admiration. 1667 Mitron P. LZ. u. 308 His Ww 
audience and attention still as Night. ee Appison Sfect. 
No. 15 ? 5 To draw the Eyes of the W upon her, 1849 
E. E. Narier Excurs. S. Africa U1. 95 My attention being 
drawn to the spot, I saw an animal. 1884 L. J. Jennincs 
in Croker Papers 1. vi. 154 A great bereavement .. drew 
his mind from public affairs. 

27. absol. To exercise allurement or attractive 
force ; to prove an attraction; to attract crowds. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 94 Such..as draw 
unto mischiefe. 1 Bre. Hart Occas. Medit. (1851) 117 
All draws towards liberty and a oh te Turtle & 
Sparrow 190 Example ws, W fails. 
Lowe. Study Wind. 375 Mr. Emerson always draws. 
Fortn. Rev, 1 Nov. 703 Lord Randolph Churchill .. is 
sure to ‘draw’ enormously wherever he goes. 


28. To influence in a desired direction, induce 

(to do something). (See also draw on, 86 c.) 
1568 Grarton Chron, II. 205 The Spencers had so drawne 
to wh tl d 


: DRAW. 
29. To bring together, gather, collect, assemble. 


Obs. exc. as associated with other senses. 


1736 Lepiarp Life Maribeowegh 1. ty Sus: MONS SOS 
b. intr. for ref. To come together, gather, 


people his sermons, 
179t Mrs. Ravcurre Rom. Forest heed desolate party 
XVI. 27, 


/2 The whole 
party drew round the table. 

30. To bring about as a result, cause to follow 
as a consequence, entail, induce, bring on. (See also 
draw in, 82 e, draw on, 86 b.) 

1340 Cursor M. te OS 2 or twa vnbete 

i gh ay ma & ma. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VII, 

‘he proverbe sayth, tareynge draweth and i 
perell. a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law ix. \Seey 35 
Any default or laches..either in accepting the Or 
in accepting the i that di the fi J 
A. W. Warp tr. Curtius’ Hist. Greece U1, ui. ii. 392 This 
act drew after it important consequences. 

81. To cause to fall or come upon; to bri 
(evil, calamity, etc.) upon. (See draw down, 80 b. 

¢ 140 Cursor M. 18729 (Fairf.) Ful grete veniaunce is on 
him’ draw. 1628 Ear.te Microcosm., Rash man (Arb.) 96 
The occasion [that] drew this mischiefe vpon him. 1698 
Fryer Acc. E. India & P.113 Which drew the Forces of 
the Sultan his Master upon him. 1736 Lepiarp Life 
Marlborough |. 126 He drew upon Himself, immediately, 
that Swarm of E i E. iner 65/2 They are 
drawing on themselves their own ruin. 1860 T. Martin 
Horace 29 Rage drew on Thyestes the vengeance of heaven, 

III. Of extraction, withdrawal, removal. 
* With that which is taken as the object. 

82. trans. To pull out, take out, extract (eg. a 
cork from a bottle, a tooth from the jaw, a 
from a gun, a nail, screw, etc. from what it is fixed 
in, bread from an oven, stone from a quarry, a 
root, pole, young plants, stumps at cricket, etc. 
from the ground, a card from the pack). See also 
draw out, 87 a. 

at Cursor M. Cott.) Adam .. was wroght at 
endire tide, At Pas = un of his side. ¢ 1400 
Mavnpev. (1839) ix. 100 Men make drawe the braunches 
pere of, and beren hem to ben graffed at Babiloyne. _ 
J. Heywoop Prov. § Epigr. (1867) 98 This peny fat! 
drue his purse apase. 1622 Manse tr. Aleman's Guzman 
d' Alf.1. 46 The other Country-fellow, that was. .drawing his 
Cards. 1703 T. N. City § C. Purchaser 255 Some in draw- 
ing of Stone make use of Gun-powder. 1708 Morrrux 
Rabelais v. xxi. (1737) 95 The Batch .. in the Oven was to 
be drawn. 1709 STEELE 7atler No. 34 P 5 To cut off Legs, 
as well as draw Teeth. 2788 Scots Mag. Aug. Gs73) 402/2 
Having drawn the shot of the loaded piece, Exam- 
iner 658/1 He would have drawn the cork. 1842 Frnd. R. 
Agric. Soc. 11. 1. 387 A poor crop of turnips..one half of 
which was drawn, and the other eaten off by sheep. 1850 
‘Bat’ Crick. Man. 40 The time for drawing the stumps 
depends..upon pre-arrangements. 1870 Harpy & Ware 
Mod. Hoyle 156 (Besique) When a player draws two cards 
instead of one, he intimates the fact at once. A/od. That 
onion bed is fit for drawing [=thinning]. 

absol. (Cards.) 1870 Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 154 
(Besique) The winner of a trick is the first to draw from 
the pack. 189 Field 28 Nov. 842/3 The dealer can only 
draw from the stock. 

33. To pull out or extract (a sword or other 
weapon) from the sheath, etc., for fight or attack. 

c1200 Trin, Coll. Hom. 6x He wile his swerd dra3en. 


hold 


BAND Campo di Fior 191 E man draw his 

. that Tavenninte Trav India wm. xxiv, 202 T! 

ava Lords .. Drawing their 

occa upon the English, killing a t num 
1700 ConGreve Way of World v. a ie. oe at fox 
i sir, ward Ly ar +35 
Teor nes obit ed bie draw the Sword. 1852 THACKERAY 
Esmond 1, xii to draw a sword upon your 
friend in your own 

b. aédsol. (sc. the sword.) 

1g92 Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. 1. i. 69 Draw, if be men, 
1628 J. Rous Diary (Camden) 27 The Captalnes drewe 
upon the saylers with greate fury, 1719 De For Crusoe 
ut. xiv, We fred our pistols..and then drew. 186a Temple 
Bar Mag. 1V. 306 It is but ill fighting and base fence to 
draw upon a foe in a 

c. fig. To draw one’s sword against : to attack, 
‘take up arms’ against, assume an attitude of 
hostility to. So ¢o draw one’s pen or quill 
against, to attack in writing. 

‘a 1683 Sivney Disc. Govt. u. xxiv. (1704) 153 He that 
draws his Sword against the Prince .. ought to throw away 
the a Pp baad CF i Apol., That this 
answerer .. drawn his inst a certain great man. 
eyae Bove Prot. Sat. 151 Ye thes did Gildon draw his venal 


S Goxpsm. Bee, Augustan A, 14/1 Many 
Members of both b ily Ser eeepc ns for 


the king to doe and hey req 

1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 13 1 say 
not this..to draw you to desire me for your wife. 1667 

ae mA eee 472 _ his ag preva 
rew s Altar to dis; e, © . Brown oe. 

Fe _ 231 —— t am crown be mtend more 2 = 
inger than to what Is Sung. & rgosy May 359 en 

he had drawn me to love hina. 


igs. Hist. Eng. 1. 624 ‘The two 
the Whigs. 1849 ee soe a fe By iy drabing 
the sword agai da 


great sin, ‘ : 
84. To pull or take one from a number of things 
(‘lots’) so as to decide something by chance: 


st the gov 


DRAW. 


usually in phr. ¢o draw cut(s, to draw lot(s (see 
Cor sb,1, Lor). Also adsol. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 16699 (Cott.) A-bute his kirtel drou pai 
cutt, qua suld it bere a-wai, 1386, etc. [see Cur sd.! x]. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 131/1 Drawe lotte, sorcior. 552 
Hu toet, Drawe cutte or lottes, sortio. 1634 Sin T. HERBERT 
Trav. A iij b, The World's a Lott’ry ; He that drawes may 
win. 1832 Examiner 614/1 Drawing straws, for guilty or 
not guilty, were infinitely preferable. 1870 Morris Zarthly 
far, 11.111. 287 Then we. .shared the spoil by drawing short 
and long. 1886 Lesterre Durant I. xi. 159 They had drawn 
for partners, and he was congratulating himself on his luck, 

b. ‘To obtain or select by lot. 

1709 STEELE Zatler No. 124 P 1 Neither of them had 
drawn the Thousand Pound. 1791 Boswett Yohnson (1831) 
V. 215 Johnson was once drawn to serve in the militia. 
1816 Keatince 7vav. (1817) II. 214 The jury is drawn very 
fairly. 1862 7emple Bar Mag. IV. 25x She contributed her 
half-crown to a Derby s kes. .and tri h 
the winning horse. 

35. To separate or select from a group or heap ; 
og a. To select and set apart (sheep) from the 

ock, for breeding or fattening, or on account of 
disease or defect. b. To separate (seeds) from the 
husks. ¢. Falconry. To remove (a hawk) from 
the mew after moulting. 

14.. Tretyce in W. of Henley’s Husb. (1890) 54 Euery 
yere onys betwixt ester and whitsonday drawe your shepe 
and loke yeff bey be clene. 1g23 Firzers. Husd. § 40 To 
drawe shepe, and seuer them in dyuers places. 1611 
Marknam Countr. Content. 1. v. (1668) 36 Hawks for the 
field would be drawn from the mew in June. 1839 ¥rv/. R. 
Agric. Soc. 1. u. 169, 1 then proceeded..to draw forty 
wether hogs out of my flock of Leicesters. 1845 /id. VI. 
11. 373, I drew two lots of lambs on the rsth of April. 1847 
Lbid, VILL. 11, 283 The cost of ‘cobbing’, separating the 
[clover] seed from the stalks, and ‘drawing’, separating the 
seed from the husk by hand. 1866 /éid, Ser. 11. II. 1. 165, 
I get all my seeds drawn by contract. .It took me five days 
to cob and draw the 45 bushels of Anthyllis which I drew. 

36. To drag or force (a badger or fox) from his 
hole. (See also s.v. BADGER 50,2 5.) 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales I, 272 You see this little 
terrier .. many a fox has he drawn from earth. 1838 [see 
badger-drawing s.v. BavGer sb.2 5). 1844 J. 'T. HEwLerr 
Parsons § W. iii, Bait cats and draw badgers. 1870 BLAINE 
Encycl, Rur. Sports § 1751 If the fox must be drawn by 
a hound, first introduce a whip, which the fox will seize, 
and the hound will draw him more readily. 1884 Lp. 
RanpotrH CuuRCHILL SZ. 28 Oct., I will. .take the earliest 
opportunity I can find of seeing what I can do to draw the 
badger. 

+387. To withdraw; in Sporting, to withdraw 
(the stakes), or to withdraw (a horse) from com- 
peting in a race. Ods. 

1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen, /V, 11. i. 162 Go, wash thy face, and 
draw thy Action. 1698 Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1V. 365 

{The match] betwixt the Yorkshire mare and Mr. F. ramp- 
ton’s horse the Turk for 500 is drawn by consent. 1708 
Brit. Apollo No. 72. 2/1 We wou'd .. advise the Wagerers 
to draw Stakes. 1809 Brit. Press 5 Apr. in Spirit Pub. 
Frnis. (18r0) XIII. 61 He [a horse] was drawn at the late 
Westminster races. 1838 J. H. Newman Le?#. (1891) II. 
258 If he would specify any Tract which he wished drawn 
from publication ..I would do so forthwith. 1837 Hucues 
Tom Brown u. ix. (1880) 368 ‘ Rory-o-More drawn. Butter- 
fly colt amiss’, shouted the student. 

38. To leave undecided (a battle or game). Also 
absol. (Original sense unknown: see Drawn 3.] 

1837 Penny Cyci. VII. 51/t (Chess) In this critical position, 
white having the move can draw the game by checking 
[perpetually]. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia’s Arb. v, Once 
or twice the battle was drawn by foreign intervention. 1892 
Graphic 10 Sept. 302/3 The tendency to draw a match 
rather than gain a victory at the cost of an individual 
wicket or two is far less marked. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 2 Nov. 
12 If First Trinity wins, it will be the first success they have 

d since they drew twenty-one years ago. 

39. To take (water) from a well, etc. by haul- 
ing or pumping up. Also adsol. b. Mining. To 
Taise (ore) to the surface in buckets. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 5687 (Cott.) Pai war drauand watur. 
a@1300 Vox § Wolf 277 in Rel. Ant. 11. 278 He com to the 
putte, and drou. ¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1115 The thre 
stronge watere drew vpp out of acisterne. 1549 CoveRDALE, 
etc. Erasm. Par. Col. 4 Of this fountayne maye we easl 
drawe. 1 T. Wasuincron tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 11. xxii. 
60 A smal bucket to draw water with. 1697 DryvDeNn Virg. 
Georg. w. 540 With Waters drawn from their perpetual 
Spring. 1797 Monthly Mag. Ill. 322 The engine. .has been 
employed, ever since its erection, in drawing water, full 
seventeen hours per day. 1892 Leisure Hour Aug. 662/2 
[They] congregate to draw their water at the old pump, 

To cause (liquid) to flow from a vessel 
through an opening; to obtain (drink) from a 
cask, ete. by a tap or the like; to cause (blood) 
to come flowing through a wound. Also aésol. to 
draw liquor; in quot. 1598, to exercise the trade 
of a ‘drawer’ (DRAWER! 2), 

Sg opera P. Pl. C. xx, 401 Ich coube .. drawe at one 
hole Thicke ale and pynne ale. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) 
xxi. 95 Per may na maner of yrne dere him ne drawe blude 
of him. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. § Efigr. (1867) 178 The 
butler drawth and drinkth beere. 1598 wanes Merry W, 
1. iii. rx, I will entertaine Bardolfe : he shall draw 3 he shall 
tap. 1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 24 The Toddy is drawne 
out of the Palmito-tree, 1697 DrypEN Virg. Georg. 11. 239 
Their Stings draw Blood. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. 
(1756) I. 193 Blood is drawn at several Periods. 1862 
Temple Bar Mag. Vi. 529 You may draw me a mug of ale, 

b. Zo draw it mild: (a) lit., in reference to 


beer ; (4) fig. (collog.) to be moderate in statement 


ly drew 


647 


or behaviour; to refrain from exaggeration. So, 
to draw it strong, in the opposite sense. 

1837 THackeray Kavenswing ili, Dress quiet, sir: draw it 
mild: 1842 Barna /ngol. Leg., Misadv. Margate, A pint 
of double X, and please to fe it mild. 1864 Sava in 
Daily Tel. 6 Apr., Our ladies faithfully promised to ‘draw 
it as mild’ as possible ; but when they made their appearance 
in most splendid array, I felt rather uncertain as to what the 
consequences might have been if they had drawn it strong. 

41. To extract (a liquor, juice, etc.) by suction, 
pressure, infusion, or distillation. 

a1gso in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. 1x. iv. 222 Drawe the 
muscellage of them with rose-water and white wyne. 1574 
Hy tu Conject. Weather v, To drinke clarified whey simply, 
or drawen with cold herbes, is then very healthful. 1639 
J. W. tr. Guibert’s Char. Physic. 1. 73 Vo draw the Juice of 
Cherries. .take out the stonesand presse them. 1730-6 BAILEY 
(folio) s.v., To draw as tea. 1747 WeEsLEY Prim. Physic(1762) 
83 Oil of sweet Almonds newly drawn. 1836 FonsLANQuE 
Eng. under 7 Administ. (1837) I11. 313 How are the gravies 
io be drawn, if the cook goes to church? 1838 DickENs 
Nich, Nick. ix, He will be here by the time the tea’s drawn. 

b. Said adsol. of the teapot ; also zuz¢r. of tea. 

1820 Blackw. Mag. VIII. 14 [The tea] took a long time to 
draw. 1836 Gentl. Mag. June 627/1, I like the teapot 
always to have time to draw. 1891 A/orning Post 25 Dec. 
6/5 If people buy strong Indian tea and put the same 
quantity into the pot as they do of China tea .. the liquor 
draws too strong. 

42. Med. To cause a flow of (blood, matter, 
‘humours’) to a particular part; to promote sup- 
puration. Also aéso/. of a poultice or blister. 

c1g00 Lanfrancs Cirurg. 227 And leie berto resoluyng 
pints pat ben not to strong, and pat pei drawe not to 

arde. 1607 ‘l'opseLt Serfents (1658) 808 He scarified the 
place, and drawed it with cupping-glasses. 1626 Bacon 
Sylva_§ 38 Rubarb draweth Choller..Agaricke Flegme. 
1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 565 In order for a 
blister to ‘draw’ thoroughly, it usually has to be left on 
some eight hours. Brackmore Avt §& Kitty (ed. 3) 
III. vii. 96 As soon as his poultice began to draw. 

43. To convey away (water) by a channel, etc. ; 
to drain off; also aéso/., and intr. (for reff.) to 
drain off, percolate. 

1607 TopsELL Serpents (1658) 766 They forsake the water 
when it draweth or falleth low. 1794 Agric. Surv. Kincard. 
368 (Jam.) The sub-soil is so concreted. .that water does not 
draw or filter beyond a few feet of distance. 1845 Jrnd. 
R. Agric. Soc. V1. 11. 573 The deep drains draw the water 
from a distance of 22 feet. 1856 /éid. XVII. 1. 488 It isa 
common belief that water draws better down a curved drain 
than a straight one. 

44. fig. To take or obtain from a source; to 
derive. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 5581 (Cott.) Of israel sede..wald he 
drau his manhede. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 193 Now 
we han medycyns drawen of .ij. wellis and of manie 
maistris. ¢1475 Partenay 144 On of faire..Ofthe which I am 
drawen lynyally. xgsz Asr. HamiLton Catech. (1884) 12 
Foure familiar exempills drawin fra the haly scripture. 1576 
Fieminc Panofpl. Epist. 376 The stocke from whence he 
draweth his descent. 1654 tr. Martini’s Cong. China 232 
Which kind of custom happily the Chineses drew from the 
Persians. 1758 Jounson Let. to Langton 21 Sept. in 
Boswell, The consolation which is drawn from truth..is 
solid and durable. 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
IV. xviii. 197 This incidental hint may perhaps draw some 
indirect confirmation from the highest evidence of all. 

b. zutr. or absol. To obtain supplies, resources, 
information, etc., from a source. (See also 66.) 

1829 Examiner 772/2 His Lordship has drawn from other 
sources than his own brain. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. 
(1876) I. aeP: 7oz We get a spirited account of the battle, 
from which I have not scrupled to draw largely. | 

ce. intr. for ref. To be derived, spring from. 
1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 395, 1 know Your prowess, 
, and what mother’s blood You draw ftom. 

45. To take, receive, or obtain (money, salary, 
revenues, etc.) from a source of supply. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. i. 87 If euerie Ducat in sixe 
thousand Ducates Were in sixe parts, and euery part 
a Ducate, I would not draw them, I would haue my bond. 
1605 — Lear t. i. 87 What can you say, to draw A third, 
more opilent then your Sisters? “1779 J. Moore Vrew Soc. 
fr. (2789) I, xxiv. 195 And draw a revenue from the poor 
inhabitants. 1850 7ait’s Mag. XVII. 532/2 [He] drew his 
salary quarterly. 87x Mortey Voltaire (1886) 210 Neither 
could he forget to draw his pension from the King of 
Prussia. 1879 Sata Paris Herself (ed. 4) II. vii. 85 Ladies 
who have come to the Bank to draw their dividends. 

46. To cause to come forth or issue ; to elicit, 
‘fetch’, call forth, evoke. spec. in Cards, To 
cause (a particular card or cards) to be played out. 

a@ 1300 Cursor M. 1522 (Cott.) Organis harp and ober gleu, 
He drou pan oute o musik neu. 1490 Caxton Exeydos vii. 
33 They entendyd to drawe from hir som wordes seruynge to 
theyr entencion. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 77av. 3 Which 
drew aforetime many a teare from the distressed Christians. 
x711 STEELE Spect, No. 252 ® 3 So great an Orator in this 

ay, that she draws from me what Sums she pleases, 
1861 Temple Bar Mag. 11. 280 He drew from me all the 
information I had been able to elicit. 1878 H. H. Gisss 
Ombre 41 He draws all the trumps and wins all the tricks. 

47. collog. To rouse (a person) to action, speech, 
or anger; to induce to come forth, ‘ fetch’ ; to irri- 
tate, exasperate. (Cf. 36, also draw out, 87 g.). 

1860 THAcKERAY Philip vi, (Farmer), The wags ..can 
always, as the phrase is, ‘draw’ her father, by speaking of 
-, Waterloo, or battles in general. 1890 Mrs. HUNGERFORD 
Born Coquette 11. xx. 220 The hostess... is not here to be 
badgered and worried and drawn. 1892 LeNTzNER A ustra- 
tian Word-bk, 21 Draw, to vex, to infuriate. -undoubtedly 
a metaphor from ‘drawing a badger’. 1892 Guardian 


. lime. 


DRAW. 


1o Aug. 1178/2 He has striven .. to ‘draw’ his opponents 
and to exasperate them. 

8. To deduce, infer (a conclusion, etc. from 
premisses). (Cf. also 64.) 

1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 176 note, A conclusion .. 
drawne from hope and bonne esperaunce. 1693 Hus. & 
Conv. Town 132 From innocent Looks drawing what Con- 
clusions they please. 1701 Norris /deal World 1. vii. 343 
We may hence draw an argument backward for the ne- 
cessity of truth. 1795 Gent/. Mag. 541/1 Astonished at the 
logick which could draw such an inference. 1847 Marryat 
Childr, N. Forest viii, What inference would you draw 
from that? 1885 S. Laine Mod. Sc. §& Mod. Th. (1894) 146 
Conclusions drawn from a totally different class of facts. 

** With that from which the contents are taken 
as the object. 

49. To extract something from, draw out the 
contents of; to empty, drain, exhaust, deplete. 
To draw dry: to empty or exhaust of liquid ; 
also jig. 

1576 FLeminG Panofl. Efist, 378 To declare .. it would.. 
drawe the veyne of mine invention drie. c1586 C’rEss 
PemBrokE Ps. cxv. vi, The conduites of his store, He never 
dry shall draw. 1589 Nasne Pasguil § Marforius 22 Firie- 
ouens..and when they are drawn, they deliuer a batch for 
thedeuilstooth. 1630 2. Fohnson's Aingd. & Commw., 522 
The Persian warre. .[has] drawne drie his Coffers. 1666-7 
Perys Diary 24 Feb., Their oven was drawn by ten o'clock 
at night. 1844 9rd. R. Agric. Soc. V.1. 49 The calf should 
be allowed to draw the cow fully. /id. 281 Carrots do not 
draw the ground more than swede turnips. 1892 Ladour 
Contmission Gloss., Drawing a Pan, taking out of a pan the 
draught of salt which has accumulated there. 

50. To draw out the viscera or intestines of; to 
disembowel (a fowl, etc. before cooking, a traitor or 
other criminal after hanging). 

In many cases of executions it is uncertain whether this, 
or sense 4, ismeant. ‘The presumption is that where drawn 
is mentioned after hanged, the sense is as here. 

1320 Sir 7ristx. 1797 Sche swore bi godes rode Pai 
schuld ben hong and drain. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 278 
Sum thai hangyt, and sum thai drew. ¢ 1420 Liber Cocornim 
(1862) 35 Po crane schalle fyrst enarmed be .. Dra3un at bo 
syde as wodcockis. ¢ 1440 Prom. Parv. 131/1 Drawe fowlys, 
or dysbowaylyn. .eviscero. 1465 Paston Lett. 1. No.99.135, I 
wasarestyd. .and was thretenyd to have ben hongyd, drawen, 
and quarteryd. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars in Monumenta 
Franctscana (Rolls) Il. 152 ‘Thys yere was Roger Mortemer 
erle of March hangyd and drawne at T'yborne for tresoun. 
1655 Cucrerrer A iverius 1. vi. 27 Take a Goose or Duck that 
is fat, pluck it and draw it. 1682 S. PorpaGe J/edal Rev. 
178 Those men, whom they can neither hang nor draw. 1790 
Burke /7, Rev. Wks. V. 166 We have not been drawn and 
trussed, in order that we may be filled. like stuffed birds ina 
museum, with chaff and rags. 1893 /e/d 4 Mar. 331/1 The 
proper mode of removing the neck, crop, and merrythought, 
and drawing the fowl. 

To draw a net through or along (a river or 
shore) for fish. Cf. Drac v. 7 

a1440 Sir Degrev. 113 He drowhe reveres with ffysh. 1673 
in Descr. Thames (1758) 83 That no Person do hereafter 
presume to draw the Shores in the River of Thames. 1758 
Descr. Thames 52 Where Fishermen that draw the Shores 
usually resort. 1784 Cowrer Left. 28 Nov., When they 
drew the river, they presented us with a fine jack. 

52. Hunting. To search (a wood, covert, etc.) 
for game. Also adsol. 

1583 Stanynurst 2 xeis iv. (Arb.) 98 When they shal in 
thickets thee coouert maynelye be drawing. 1686 [BroreE] 
Gentl. Recreat. u. 78 When a Huntsman beats a Wood to 
find a Chase, ’tis called Drawing the Covert. 1789 G. WuITE 
Selborne (1875) 319 Though the huntsman drew Harteley 
Wood..yet no stag could be found. 1859 JerHson Brittany 
ix. 143 To open the hunting season by drawing the forest.. 
for wolves. 1891 Field 7 Nov. 693/2 Two of the .. coverts 
were drawn without success. 

absol. 1749 FietpinG Tom Yones vu. v, You have lost 
the hare, and I must draw every way to find her. 1892 
Field 7 May 663/3 While the hounds were drawing, a holloa 
--made known the whereabouts of a fox. 

b. Zo draw (a covert, etc.) blank: to search it 
without success ; also fo draw a blank, and intr. for 
refl., to draw blank, (With allusion to drawing a 
blank in a lottery: cf. 34 b, and BLANK sé. 4.) 

1832 Ec.-Warpurton Hunt. Songs ii. (1883) 7'The man.. 
Whose heart heaves a sigh when his gorse is drawn blank. - 
1858 A. F. W. Drayson Sforting Scenes S. Africa 215 
Some of these woods had been drawn blanks. 1892 
Lllustr. Sporting & Dram. News 3 Dec. 29/3 The Laurels 
--and the Willows all drew blank. : 

58. collog. To elicit information from (a person); 
to ‘ pump’. 

1857 READE Course True Love 225 I'll draw the farmer ! 
1891 A thenzum 5 Sept. 330/1 It is a pity that the dramatist 
lets himself be drawn by the interviewer. 

‘V. Of tension, extension, protraction. 

54. To pull out to a greater length or size; to 
stretch, distend, extend, elongate; to spin (a thread). 
Also adsol., and intr. for ref. (See also draw 
abroad, draw out, in VII.) 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 12409 (Gétt.) Pis tre bai droght paim 
bituine. rgr1-r2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c.6 § 1 The byer of 
wollen clothes .. shall not drawe .. the same clothes .. by 
teyntour or wynche. 1625 Hart Amat. Ur. 1. vi. 88 Any 
might haue drawne it .. as if it had bene some glue or bird- 
1655 W. Fulke's Meteors Obs. 164 Though Gold be 
drawn into the smallest wire. 1742 Pore Dunc. 1v. 590 Or 
draw to silk Arachne’s subtile line. 1747 Stovin in Phil. 
Trans. XLIV. 572 The Skin drew or stretch’d like a Piece 
of Doe-Leather. 1824 Mirror III. 383/2 Had we but the 
art of drawing threads as fine as a spider’s web, 

+b. To stretch on the rack; torack. Oés. rare. 

1481 Caxton God/rey lv. (1893) 96 They made hym to be 


DRAW. 


the trouthe. 1483 — G. de la 
old lete me drawe than I shold 


telle it ageyn. 

55. y* To extend, lengthen, prolong, protract. 
(See also draw along, 77 b, draw out, 87 d.) 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 791 (Cott.) Quat bot es lang mi tale to 
draw. 1483 Cath. A 107/1 To Drawe on longe or on 
lenght, crastinare, prolongare. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 
1. i. 1, I will drawe my leisure and poore skill to the vtter- 
most. 1619 Beaum. & Fi. King § No King 1.i.8 Thou 
drawst thy words, 1847 L. Hunt Yar ix, (1848) 119 
The sense of hushing solemnity is drawn to the finest point. 
1885 Athenzum 23 May 661/1 The anguish of the last 
chapters is too long drawn. 

56. techn. a. To straighten out (straw, etc.) by 
E lling it repeatedly lengthwise, for thatching, etc. 

. To make (wire) by drawing a piece of metal 
through a succession of holes of diminishing size 
and thus extending it in ‘length. ¢. To form (a 
glass tube or the like) by drawing molten glass out 
in length. d. To flatten out (metal) by hammer- 
ing or otherwise. e. Cotton-spinning, etc. To 
elongate and attenuate (the slivers of cotton, wool, 
or flax), by passing them between successive pairs 
of rollers revolving at different speeds. f. To 
spread plaster over (a wall or ceiling). 

1509 [see Drawn 1]. 1606 Durham Grassmen's Acc. 
(Surtees) 33 For the catrage of y* straw to y? bull house and 
for the drawinge of yt, 14d. 170% Mem. St. Giles’s (Surtees) 
98 Paid for drawing the new Whins, and spent, 8s. 6¢. 1721 
Lond. Gaz. No. sie A Work-house for.. Drawing Wyer. 
1783 Phil. Trans. XIII. 450 The glass tube had been just 
drawn at the glass-house. 1833 J. Hottann Manuf. Metal 
II. 334 Wire is drawn either by hand, or by steam, water, or 
other power. 1837 Penny Cyci. VIII. 95/2 (Cotton-spinning) 
‘The next operation is called ried 2 . The object. .is to com- 
plete..the arranging of the fibres of cotton longitudinally, in 
a uniform and parallel direction, and to remedy all existing 
inequalities in the thickness of the sliver. 1841 in R. Oastler 
Fleet Papers (1842) 1. xlviii. 380 Being employed in ‘drawing 
lace’, when only twenty-one months old, 

57. Naut. mtr. Of a sail: To swell out tightly 
with the wind. 

1627 Cart. Situ Seaman's Gram. ix. 41 We haue a.. 
faire wind, and all sailes drawing. 1762 FaLconer Shipwr. 
11. 189 The mizen draws; she springs aloof once more. 1835 
Marryat (irate ix, The schooner had let draw her fore- 
sheet. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxii. 66 Her yards were 
braced sharp up, every sail was set, and drew well. 1893 
Harper's Mag. Apr. 716/1 The canvas either drew full, or 
was absolutely slack. 

+ 58. zur. To extend or amount fo. Obs. 

igor Bury IWills (Camden) 87 As myche mony as iij 
quarters shall drawe to. 1563-4 in Willis & Clark Cam- 
bridge (1886) II. 571 Top pieces for the west wyndowe 
whiche drewe to xx1 fote of glass. 

+b. trans. To amount to. Ods. 

¢ 1462 J. Pastan in Paston Lett. No 461. II. 114 To have 
the seid plase and certeyn of his livelode of gretter valew 
than the charge of the seid college schuld drawe. 14.. 
Tretyce in W. of Henley's Hush, (1890) 51 Your costes done 
vpon pe seid acre drawithe iijd. & ja. ob. 

V. Of delineation or construction by drawing. 

* To draw a@ line, figure, formal document, 
a ete. 

59. To trace (a line or figure) by drawing a 
pencil, pen, or the like,.across a surface ; to cut (a 
furrow) by drawing a ploughshare through the 
soil. 

¢1305 Edm, Conf. 223-5 in E. E. P. (1862) 77 To arsme- 
trike he drou3..And his figours drou3 aldai..Arsmetrike is 
a lore pat of figours al is*And of drau3tes as me draweb in 

oudre, 4551 Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. 1. Defin., A Straight 
yne, is the shortest that maye be drawenne betweene two 
prickes. 1552 Hutorer, Drawe a furrow with a plowe about 
a place. 1559 W. CunninGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 130 Wyth 
th’ one fote of your compasse (placinge th’ other foote 
in K.) drawe Cyrcles. Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 24 
The Center..from which Point all Lines drawn to the 
Circumference are equal. 1781 Cowrer Conversation 380 
Like figures drawn upon a dial plate. 1890 Sir S. W. 
Baxer Wild Beasts 1. 159 These cuts were as neatly 
— across the skull as though done by a sharp pruning 

nife. 

b. Zo draw a (or the) line (fig.) : to determine 
or define the limit between, two things or groups;.in 
mod. colloq. use (esp. with a/), to lay down a definite 
limit of action beyond which-one refuses to go. 

1793 Trial of Fyshe Palmer 42 It is difficult. .to draw the 
line. 18ax Examiner 582/1 They know how to draw the 
line between private and public feeling. 1832 Blackw. 
Mag. Jan. 129/1 Lord Brougham then proceeds, after 
stating that it was ‘ necessary to draw a line somewhere ', 
1881 Scribner's Mag. XXI. 409/2 Feathers and flowers are 
different things. You must draw a line somewhere, an’ I 
draw it at feathers, 

}0. To make (a picture or representation of an 
object) by drawing lines; to design, trace out, 
delineate ; formerly also, to mould, model. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 194b, We rede that 
saynt Luke the euangelyst drewe and made an ymage of 
our Sauyour Jesu. x R. Coprincton tr. Hist. Justine 
422 He could draw the figures of men exactly [1606 make 

mages) in Earth or Clay. — D. Pett Jmpr. Sea 576 
Willa Picture continue that is drawn upon an Ice? 1661-2 
Perrys Diary 1 Mar., My wife and I by coach..to see my 
little prety that is a drawing. 1711 Avpison Sect. No.83 
P 5 All the Faces he drew were very remarkable for their 

18ar Craic Lect. Drawing iv. 203 The forms of 


drawen and payned to sa‘ 
Tour cx\. 197 Sacher I 


Smiles, 
the figures. . were finely imagined and correctly drawn. 1861 
Temple Bar Mag. U1. 24 He drew cartoons on wood. 


648 


b. To — (an object) by a drawing or 
picture ; to delineate, depict. 

x Perrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. m. (1586) 156 b, Having 
to draw the singular beuties of Helen. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. 
u. i. 91 He fals to such perusal! of my As he would 
draw it. Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 18 Here are man} 
rare sorts irds .. one only I have drawne. 1833 Mec: 
Mag. 341 Those who draw the objects on wood, as well as 
engrave them. 186% 7emple Bar Mag. 111. 304 Leech has 
drawn him in Punch five hundred times. 

¢c. fig. To represent words, describe. Also /o 
draw a portrait or picture of, in same sense. 

¢1374 Cuavcer Troylus u. 213 (262) And sith thend is 
euery tales strength .. What should I paint or drawen it on 
length. 2586 A. Day Eng. or (1625) 51 Having 
drawne his portraiture, I send the first counterfeit to him- 
selfe. 2712 Anpison Sfect. No. 
is so fully drawn in the First 
249/1 Macaulay .. draws a flattering picture of William's 
capabilities. 1891 Sat. Rev. 19 Dec. 696/2 The character of 
Pamphilus .. shows how Terence could.draw a young man. 

d. absol. or intr. To trace the lines of a figure ; 
to practise the art of delineation. 

-1530 Patscr. = He draweth as well in blacke and whyte, 
as any man in Englande. 1732 Berxecey A“ciphr. 1. § 11 
Did those great Italian masters..always draw with the 
same ease and freedom? 1861 Temple Bar Mag. III. 23 
He could draw from the‘ round’. 

61. Masonry. trans. To shape (stone-work) by 
cutting off thin slices. (Cf. Draucur sd. 43.) 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 183 The wotk is hewed or 
drawn pretty near a Round. 

+ 62. To. devise, contrive; to set in order, 
arrange, array. Obs. (See also draw uf, 89 f.) 

(In quot. 1230, the sense is yery doubtful.) 

1230 /ali Meid. 23 Pe flurs pat beod idrahe p[e}ron . . to 
tellen of hare euene ne is na monnes speche. c 1§4o tr. Pol. 
Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 29) 179 Burning with rage 
incredible. .he drew a plot for the lord Hastinges. a 1586 
Satir. Poems Reform. xxxvi. 98 Judas. .ane vyler draucht 
nor thow did neuer draw. 1587 ‘l'urperv. 7rag. 7. (1837) 
142 Straight she drew a plot to have him slaine. 1 ¥ 
Hawkins Youth's Behav. 83 The matter of any Book or 
Science, drawn into Indexes or Tables. 

63. To frame (a writing or document) in due 
form; to compose, compile, write out. (See also 
draw out, 87h, draw up, 89 g.) 

1300 Cursor M. 20059 (Cott.) In sotherin englis was it 
draun, And turnd it haue i till our aun Langage o northrin 
lede. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1b, I thought it 
necessary to drawe a treatyse for myselfe. 1548 Hatt 
Chron., Hen. VII, 21 A forme of a league and amitie 
shoulde be drawen with conditions, clauses and _cove- 
nauntes. 1596 SHaks. Merch. V.1v. 1. 394 Clarke, draw a 
deed of gift. 165. Perys Diary (1879) W. 92 Drawing the 
letter we are to send. 1 Sewer “ist. Quakers (1795) 
II. vit. 25 Caused an Gedecemone to. be drawn against us. 
1829 E.vaminer 779'2 Acts of Parliament were drawn so 
negligently. i. Sreruen Yohnson iii. 72 Langton had 
employed Chambers. .to draw his will. 

+b. intr. To write or treat of. Obs. 

1300 Cursor M. 2315 \Cott.) Of abraham now wil we drau 
(wv. x. draghe, drawe}. /éfd. 28868 And for ber mater es 
gode to knau, Of almus sal i appt 23 drau. 

64. To frame, make, formulate, lay down, 
institute (comparisons, contrasts, distinctions, etc.) 
[App. of very composite origin, having affinities in 
varying measure with senses 16, 48, 59 b, and 63.] 

1789 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1. 1 .. drew inces- 
sant censures on his taste. 1802 Mar. Encewortn Moral 
T. (1816) I. xx. 190, I .. avoided drawing “iad 3 be- 


? 7 Mammon's er 
(1850 7 ait's Mag. XVII. 


tween your son and F, 1823 Keate Sermr. ii, (1848) 31 He 
has been drawing, in strong colours, a contrast between the 
punishments and the rewards. 1831 A. Fonstanque Eng. 
under 7 Administ. (1837) 11, 157 Praying that a distinction 
may be drawn between [etc.]. 1868 GLapstony ¥uv. Mundi 
i. (1870) 4 Nestor .. draws a somewhat similar contrast 
between the heroes of his youth and those of the Greek 
army before Troy. 187§ Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 21, I have 
heard Prodicus drawing endless distinctions about names. 
1876 J. S. Brewer Eng. Studies iv. (1881) 201 prey Sead 
were drawn in his favour to the disadvantage of his brother. 
** 70 draw a bill or demand note. 

65. Comm. To write out in due form an order 
to ef money on the writer’s account ; to write out 
(a bill, cheque, or draft). Const. on, upon (the 
person who has to pay). 

1671 Crowne Yuliana 1, Draw bills of death, they shall 
be paid on sight; I will.. pay as fast as you can draw on 
me. 1722 De For Col. Pack (1840) 213 She should draw 
bills upon me. x Trial of Nundocomar 23/2 Bollakey 
Doss drew a draught on Benares in favor of Lord Clive for 
a lack of rupees, 1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 
II. 1171 C. drew bills of exchange on B. for the price of the 

oods. 1861 Dickens Gt. -xfect. li, With instructions to 

raw the cheque for his signature. J. Avam Com- 
mercial Corr. 24 The person who writes the ‘order to pay’ 
is said to draw t Bil fs 
b._adso/. in same sense; also, less strictly, to 
make permitted demands o# or ufon (a perce) for 
funds. Zo draw against, to issue drafts in con- 
sideration of (value placed in the drawee’s hands). 

1671 (see prec.]. 1732 Gay Let. to Swift 16 Nov. in S.'s 
Lett. (1766) 11. 171 You may now draw upon me for your 
money, as soon as you please. 1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. 
Trade 26, 1 have .. taken the liberty to draw upon you for 
£5000. 1861 Temple Bar Mag. 1. 504 Remit Frank his 
allowance without drawing on our income. /d#d. III. 218 
She has unlimited power to draw on my banker. 
Crump Banking iii. 78 It is expected that the portion of the 
credit consisting of those documents, will not be drawn 
a until sufficient time shall have elapsed for them to 

cleared. 


DRAW. 


66. intr. To make a demand or draft (a 
person, his memory, imaginati 
sources or supplies of any kind. 


1797 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 1 —_— 
a tal drew gy 


of the soil. 1860 Temple Bar Mag. 1. 41 They 
Sen mgt upon their imagination when failed. 
VI. (ref. and intr.) Of motion, moving oneself. 

+ 67. refl. To draw oneself: to move oneself, 
betake oneself, come, go, proceed, approach /o or 
towards; to withdraw, retire, or remove from. Obs. 

¢1200 Ormin 10656 Sannt Johan droh himm o bacch. 
Jbid. 11545 Patt illke mann birrp drazhenn himm Fra 
a esstess. cx1205 Lay. > he duc mid his 

rihte To bare sz him droh. a@1300 Cursor M.7412 (Cott.) 

men was won to drau ham nere. /bid. 15904 (Gott. 

A quile forward he yode, A quile him drou againe. x; 
Wycuir Luke xv. 15 And he wente, and drou3 hym to oon of 
the citeseyns of that cuntre. c1g00 Beryn 2322, I drow3 
me to foly, and wold nat be governed. 1§30 Patscr. 526 He 
begynneth to drawe hym in to companye nowe. @ 
Ravsicu (J.), As their people increased, they drew themselves 
more westerly towards the Red sea. 

+68. intr. To move, proceed, come, go. Ods. or 
arch, exc. as in b. 

ax000 Guthlac 699 (Gr.) Ongon pa leofne sid drazan. 
a 1200 Moral Ode 49 Pider 3¢ sculen 30rne drazen. @ 1300 
Cursor M. 22543 (Cott.) Wodd and wall al dun sal drau. 
cr400 Desir. ed go6 Iason..Drow euyn to the dragon, 
dressit hym to fight. c 148g Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ii. 66 
‘Where be my sonnes gone?’..‘I cannot telle whether 
they are drawen.’ ¢1489 — Blanchardyn iii. 18 So shal we 
leue him drawing on his waye. 1586 A. Day Eng. 
Secretary 1. (1625) 73 Why draw we not home into our own 
soyle of England? 1644 Cuas. I in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 
1. III. 317 Wee desire you to draw with all your forces to 
Bristol. 1808 Scott Marm. vi. xiii, The train from out the 
castle drew. 

b. Now only, To move or make one’s way 
towards a place, to come near, approach, to come 
se aa to withdraw to one side; and in certain 
adverbial combinations, as draw back, down, in, 
near, nigh, off, on, up: see VII. 

c12go Gen. & Ex. 2378 Toward here fader he gunen 
drazen. @ 1300 Cursor M. 6276 (Cott.) Pe see drogh samen 
on ilka side. 1393 Lanot. P. Pl. C. xx. 61 re he gan 
drawe. 1533 Lp. Berners Huon Ixxxi. 250 They all 
togyther drewe a parte in to a chambre. 1 Suure 
Archit. Bjb, Constrained the braunches of the ‘be to 
draw downwardes againe with a sertaine compasse. te 
Narsoroucu ¥rné.in Acc. Sev. Late Voy.1.(1711) 16 [ ] 
all set to draw away southerly, 1697 Darter Voy. I. v. 116 
Our men i diately..drew together in a body. 2703 
Mavunprett Fourn. Ferus. (1732) 144 Having heard of our 
drawing homeward. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxviii, 1 am now 
drawing towards an abode that looks brighter as I approach 
it. 1861 Vemple Bar Mag. I11. 535 rn 
draw on one side. 1892 /did. Nov. 36; wing towards 
Wales and the line of the Severn. 1893 Nat. Observer 5 Aug. 
304/1 They drew closer together. 

+69. fig. To approach, incline, tend (to some 
condition, state, etc.). Ods. 

¢ 1200 ORMIN 17902 All hiss hallyhe dede Droh till patt an, 
to turrnenn follc Intill pe rihhte we33e. aS, Barsour 
Bruce x. 781 He to sa gret vorschip dreuch, t all spak 
of his gret bounte. 1489 Caxton Somnes of Aymon xxvi. 
542 But he draweth now sore to age. Lyre Dodoens 


it, xcii. 272 The upper leaves draw t the 
of the leaves of fenell, 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 
235 Of a darke colour, hat drawing d a violet. 


O. ‘To draw near or a ch in time. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 22662 (Edie) Al i 
1399 Lanct. Rich. Redeles w. 31 
day of pe dede-doynge. ¢1475 Ranf Coilzear 
to the nicht. 1568 RAFTON Chron. Ll. 410 t 
time Grue neere, he came to Oxforde. 1641 D’Ewes in 
Lett. Lit, Men (Camden) 169 It d nowe ds tenn 
of the clocke at night. 1758 A. Ret tr. Macguer’s Chym. 
1. 313 The operation draws toward anend. 1821 Examiner 
121/1 It is time I should draw to a conclusion. 1875 
Jowerr Pilato (ed. 2) 1. 379 The days of Socrates are 
drawing to a close. Je 

+71. Zo draw to: to resort to, join the aay of 
(a person); to take up with; to betake oneself to 
(a course of action, study, etc.). Ods. (exc. as asso- 
ciated with sense 26). - . 

ex Lay. Alle heo wulled to me drajen. @ 
Com M. ate ate.) For be pat thing men draus till, Men 
may baim knaue for gode and ill. . cx30g Edmund Conf. 
gat in &. £. P. (1862) 77 Sippe .. to arsmetrike he drou3. 
1393 ba gis P. Pil, C. 1x. 190 oe ms ober le to 

4 7, iS 5 

Encl bo peide drag. s47y Nowton Ord. Ach xlv. in 
Ashm. (1652)22 Heche thyng drawes to hys semblable. 1568 
Grarton Chron. I. 1 uch drewe unto them. 
1893 Nat. Observer 13 ilsy 643/2 Like draws to like. 

+72. To draw after: (a) to act by the advice of, 
follow the counsel of; (6) to ‘take after’, re- 
semble. Obs. 4 

cx305 St. Swithin 32 in E. EZ. P. (186s) 44 Sees his 
consailler, after wham he drou3. ¢ 1450 Af 434 She.. 
draweth litill after hir moder. ©1478 fig wo Ay 43 He 
drawith after that laydy Ffro whom he is uerily. 

+73. intr. To move (at chess); cf. DraucHt 


sb. 21. Also trans. with obj. Obs. 

€1369 Cuaucer Dethe Ppl Whan she my fers 
kaught I wolde have drawe the same draught. c 1409 
Beryn 1809 ‘Draw on’, seyd the Burgeyse ; *Beryn! ye 


DRAW. 
have be wers!’ Jéid. 1822 He drouje, and seyd ‘chek 
mate !’ 


74. Hunting. a. Ofahound: Totrack game by 
the scent. b. To move slowly towards the game 
after nr f Const. after, on, upon. See also 
draw on, 86 t. 

1589 Warner Alb, Eng. Prose Addit. (1612) 345 Ascanius 
and his Companie drawing by Parsie after the Stagge. 1590 
Suaks. Com. Err. 1. ii. 39 A hound that runs Counter, and 
yet draws drifoot well. 12617 Marxuam Cavad, vit. 33 It 
might bee possible to make a Horse to draw dry-foot after 
any Man, and to distinguish Scents with his nose as well as 
any Bloodhound. 1730-46 THomson Autumn 365 The 
Spaniel .. draws full, Fearful and cautious, on the latent 
prey. 1855 Kincstey Heroes ut. (1868) 38 Thrice they 
snuffed round and round like hounds who draw upon a deer. 
1875 ‘Stonenence’ Brit, Sports 1. 1. v. § 2. go Many 
pointers are capable of drawing. 

75. Racing. Gradually to-gain om or get further 
away from an antagonist in running or rowing. 
To draw level: to come up with or alongside of 
an antagonist. See also draw out, 87 j, draw up, 
89h. 

‘1823 Examiner 395/2 The boat's crew still drawing on 
them, 1892 ///ustr. Sporting § Dram. News 30 Apr. 249/1 
They could not draw quite level, and were beaten by two 
to one. 1892 Sat. Rev. 2 July 10/1 Two drew away fast 
from the others, and the race appeared to be over. 1892 
Black §& White 6 Aug. 158/2 Gradually drawing upon him. 

VIT. In combination with adverbs. 

76. Draw abroad. a. See simple senses and 
ABROAD adv, +b. spec. (trans.) To spread (any- 
thing) over a surface ; to spread out, expand. Obs. 

cx1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 26 Whanne pe arterie is drawe 
abrod. Jéid. 53 Aboue be wounde leie terebentine. .drawen 
abrood bitwene two lynnen cloopis. 

77. Draw along. a. Sce simple senses and 
Atone adv. +b. To stretch, extend; fig. to pro- 
long, protract. Obs. 

1362 ANGL. P, Pl. A. v. 124 To drawe be lyste [C. be lisure] 
wel along pe lengore hit semede. 1382 Wyctir Ps. cxix. 5 
My pilgrimaging is drawen along. cr400 Lanfranc’s 
Cirurg. 53 Pou3 pat pi cure be drawe along. 1613 Purcuas 
Pilgrimage (1614) 426 This..drew me along. 

78. Draw back. a. frans. See simple senses 
and Back adv. b. Comm. To get back or recover 
(the whole or part of the duty on goods) upon ex- 
portation: see DrAwBack sé. 2. Also fig. to 
deduct, take off, ‘discount’ (quot. 1768). 

1709 Lond. Gaz. No. 4509/3 The Sugars must pay French 
Duties, but on Rxcportation draws back all but about 

rC. 1768 Sterne Sent. Yourn. (1775) I. 36, | always 
suffer my judgment to draw back something on that very 
account, 1776 Apam Smit W, JN. wW. i. (1869) Il. 24 When 
the home manufacturers were subject to any duty or excise, 
either the whole or part of it was frequently drawn back 
upon their exportation ; and when foreign goods, liable toa 
duty, were imported, in order to be exported again, either 
the whole or a part of this duty was sometimes given back 
upon such exportations. 

e. intr. (also refl., obs. rare) To move back- 
wards from one’s position ; to retire, recoil, retreat ; 
Jig. to withdraw from an undertaking, etc. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 15891 (Cott.) He drogh him bak behi{nd] 
be men. ¢1340 /d7d. 15925 (Fairf.) Petre drogh him bakker 
mare. 1530 Patscr. 526 He drewe backe and defended 
himselfe as well as he coulde. 1611 Biste Hed. x. 38 If 
any man drawe backe, my soule shall haue no pleasure in 
him. 1843 ¥rn/. R. Agric. Soc. 1V.1. 196 These rocks begin 
at last to draw back here and there frots the river. 186x 
Temple Bar \. 517 Too deeply committed to draw back. 

79. Draw by. a. trans. To draw aside. b. 
intr. To pass by, draw to a close. 

1830 Tennyson Mariana 19 She drew her casement- 
curtain by. 1850 — /m Mem. Ix. 14 The foolish neighbours 
. tease her till the day draws by: At night she weeps. 

Draw down. a. See simple senses and 
Down adv. b. trans. fig. To cause to fall or 
light 2for a person, etc. ; to attract, bring down. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 38 These crying sinnes, have 
sprerantly drawne downe Gods heavy judgements upon 
these Countries. a 1694 TiLtoTson (J.), The blessings it will 
draw down upon us. 1816 Keatince 7vav. (1817) I. 164 
This of course draws down French vengeance. 

e. Cookery. To stew or boil down. d. Forging. 
To reduce (bars, etc.) in size by hammering. 

1806 Cudina 15 Put all those into a stew pan, with some 
water, and draw them down to a light brown colour. 

81. Draw forth. a. ¢rans. See simple senses 
and Forti adv. 

c1z00 OrmiIN 7413 Patt hord tatt oppnedd wass And 
dra3henn forp. 1590 Spenser F. Q. m1. x. 29 Out of his 
bouget forth he drew Great store of treasure. 1632 J. Hay- 
warp tr. Biondi’s Eromena LB see if they could .. draw 
forth into the Maine, the Sardan Galleyes. 1660 F. Brooke 
tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 134 The Madrecon that drawes forth 
the Army, and ranges it in battalia. 1879 Downen Southey 
iv. 86 A May morning would draw him forth into the sun. 

+b. To adduce; =sense 21 a. Obs. 

¢1200 OrMIN 11907 He drohh per forp pe bokess lare. 

+e. To protract, prolong; to spend (time). Oéds. 

¢1305 Edm. Conf. 402 in E. E. P, (1862) 81 Pat he al day 
forp drou3. 1589 GREENE << (Arb.) 57 In this sort 
did Pleusidippus draw foorth his infancie. 16g0 Trapp 

Comm. Gen. ix. 25 Leonard..drew forth a most poor life in 

the Netherlands, whither he escaped. 
+d. To trace out; to design, draw up, draw out 

(see 60, 87 h, 89 g). Obs. 

1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 79 Utopus him selfe 
..drewe furth the platte fourme of the citie, 

Vou. III, 


649 


e. To elicit, evoke, call forth. 

1821 Examiner 780/2 [His] drollery drew forth no cordial 
laugh. 1849 Macaucay Hist, Eng. I. 168 His bravery .. 
drew forth the generous applause of hostile armies. 

82. Draw in. a, See simple senses and IN adv. 

+579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) s4 Eagles draw in their 
tallants as they sit in their nestes. 1648 GaGE West Ind. 
xiii. 81 The greedy Earth .. opened her mouth to draw in 
Townes and Cities. a1732 Ga¥ (J.), Now, sporting muse, 
draw in the flowing reins. 1749 Fiecpinc 7om Yones x1. 
xiii, As the vulgar phrase is, [he] immediately drew in his 
horns, 1847 A. M. Gittiam 7vav. Mexico 133 Obliged to 
draw in his reins. 

b. trans. To contract, draw tight; to cause to 
shrink. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Handsome Hostesse (Arb.) 55 No 
Citizens wife .. drawes in her mouth with a chaster simper. 
1845 S. Jupp Margaret 1. ii, Miss Gisborne’s flannel. .must 
be drawn in to-morrow. 1891 Eng, Jdlustr. Mag. 1X. 192 
The gown was drawn in but slightly under the arms. 

e. To take into the lungs, breathe in, inhale. 

1535 CoverpDALE Ps. cxviii. [cxix.] 131, I open my mouth 
and drawe in my breth. 1607 Torsett Four Beasts 
(1658) 469 All their Cattle for want of water do draw in the 
cold ait. 1707 Norris /veat. Humility x. 402 Soft oily 
poisons which we incautiously draw in for common breath, 
1892 Graphic 210/3 Hughes drew in his breath sharply. 

_d. fig. To induce to come in or take part; to 
allure, entice, inveigle; to ensnare, ‘take in’, 


delude. (Now only with z7f.) 

1558 in Strype Azz. Ref I. 1. App. iv. 6 To draw in other 
men of learning. 1606 Proc. agst. Late Traitors 74 Onely 
perswaded and drawen in by Catesby. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. 
Boyle 55 Smiling. .to think how soon I drew in the credulous 
Captain. 1752 Foote Zaste 11. Wks. 1799 I. 24 Mecenas.. 
has been drawn in to purchase..a cart-load of—rubbish ! 
1833 Hr. Martineau Manch. Strike iv. 54 He was not the 
man to be drawn in to do what. .he disliked. 

+e. To induce or bring as a consequence. Ods. 

1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 56 One worde drauithe an 
other in. a@1704 Locke (J.), A view of all the intermediate 
ideas that draw in the conclusion, or proposition inferred. 

f. intr. Of a day or evening: To draw to a 
close, to close in. Also of a succession of evenings 
in late summer and autumn : To become gradually 
shorter (as if contracting or shrinking in). 

1849 Tait’s Mag. XVI. 260/2 Hours passed and the 
evening drew in. 1880 Miss Broucuton Sec. 7h. 11. x, 
The evenings are beginning to draw in already. 1891 H. 
S. Merriman Prisoners & Captives M1. iii. 55 The short 
winter day was draWing in. 

83. Draw near. intr. To come (gradually) 
near, approach (/z¢. and fig.). 

a@1300 Cursor M. 21790 (Edin.) Quen he droch til his 
ending nere. c1340 /b/d. 14525 (Fairf.) Halde 30u stille & 
drawes nere. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII. c. 28 Preamb., The 
seid parliament draweth so near to the end. 1596 SPENSER 
F. Q. vt. iii. 47 He stayd, till that he nearer drew. 
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 101 Her blossoms like 
Lillies broken off green, draws near to the yellow. 1712 
Avpison Sfect. No. 523 ® 7 The time of a general peace is, 
in all appearance, drawing near. 1849 Macauray //is¢. 
Eng. 1. 667 Sentinels were posted to give the alarm if a 
stranger drew near. 

84. Draw nigh. =prec. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1653 Men drowe 
to beym ney. 1526 TinpALE Yohn xvi. 33 The houre 
draweth nye. 1586 T. B. La Primanud. Fr. Acad. 1. 138 
The end of this time drew nie. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. m1. 645 
He drew not nigh unheard, 1842 Tennyson Morte a’A. 163 
My end draws nigh; ’tis time that I were gone. 

5. Draw off. a. See simple senses and OFr. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 8116 (Cat) Pe king drou of his gloue. 
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) x. 41 Mary Mawdelayne and Mary 
Cleophe, makand sorow..and drawand off paire hare. 1 
Dampier Voy, 1. iii. 37 Bark of Maho..You may draw it oe 
171x Pore Let. to F.C. 
19 July (1735) I. 173 Tonson’s Printer told me he drew off a 
Thousand ar in this first Impression. 1747 FRANKLIN 
Lett. (1887) Il. 67 The wonderful effect of pointed_bodies, 
both in drawing off and throwing off the electrical fire. 

b. (@) trans. To withdraw (troops) from a par- 
ticular position, or from the scene of action. (6) 
intr. To move off, withdraw, retire, retreat. 
(c) Pugilism: see quot. 1873. 

1667 Mitton P. Z. 1v. 782 Half these draw off. 1697 
Dampier Voy, I. iv. 84 Captain W. drew off his men. 1736 
Lepiarp Life Marlborough 1. 377 He resolved to draw off 
his Dragoons. 

intr, a16ag Peaum. & Fietcurr Custom of Country 
1, i, Draw off a little; Here come my mistress and her 
father. 1645 T. TuLty Siege of Carlisle (1840) 17 Barkley 
drew of sore bruised. 1865 Kincstey Herew. vii, When 
they were tired they drew off on both sides. 1873 S/ang 
Dict., Draw off, to throw back the body to give impetus to 
a blow; ‘he drew off, and delivered on the left drum’, 

e. To turn aside, divert (the mind, attention). 

1704 Norris /deal World u. iii, 121 There is something in 
those objects .. which draws off the mind from itself to the 
contemplation of them. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales I. 
187 A friend..rode after the brute, and drew off his attention 
to himself. 

d. ¢vans. To convey away (liquid) by a tap, or 
a channel or the like; esp. without disturbing the 
bottom or sediment. Also znir. (for reff.) To 
drain away, flow off. 

1697 Damrrer Voy. I. viii. 226 The Indico falls to the 
bottom .. When it is thus settled they draw off the Water. 
1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 321 A Rowel is to 
draw off the bad or corrupt Humours from the Blood. 
Frul. R. Agric. Soc. 1. 1116316 The water can be successfull ly 
drawn off by a catheter. 1853 /é:d. XIV. u. 442 It is 
repeatedly ‘racked’, or drawn off from one cask into 


either in flakes or small threads. 


“accusation of foreign churches. 1777 


DRAW. 


another. 1892 Field 26 Nov. 802/3 Care should be taken 
not to disturb the lees until all the cider is drawn off. 

intr. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) 1.1. iv. 199 To 
keep back the waters which otherwise would draw off too 
fast. 1844 ¥rnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. 1. 9 The deposit that 
would be left after the water had drawn off. 

86. Draw on. a. See simple senses and On. 

1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 162 If the Whale 
should draw on again. r712 Appison Sfect. No. 311 P 5 
He immediately drew on his Boots. 1847 A. M. Gittiam 
Trav. Mexico 135 He drew on his cloak. 

b. trans. To bring on, bring about, lead to, in- 
volve as a consequence. 

1593 Suaks. 3 Hen. VJ, m1, iii. 75 Looke therefore Lewis, 
that ay this League and Mariage Thou draw not on thy 
Danger, and Dis-honor. a 1627 Haywarp (J.\, Uncer colour 
of war, which either his negligence draws on, or his 
practices procured. 1672 Boyte On Fluids (J.), The 
examination .. would draw on the consideration of the nice 
controversies that perplex philosophers. 1736 Lepiarp 
Life Marlborough 1. 55 This Beginning drew on the 
General Battle. 

ce. To entice, allure, lead on. 

1605 Suaks. Macd, in. v. 29 Such Artificiall Sprights, As 
+.Shall draw him on to his Confusion. 1648 Gace West 
Ind. iv. 12 If I resolved to goe, my resolution should draw 
on an other friend of mine. 1816 J. W. Croker in Croker 
Papers (1884) 28 Nov., If you suffer yourself to be drawn 
on by what you conceive to be the taste of the day. 1875 
Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) I11. 606 When he was drawing them 
on to speak of antiquity. 

d. zztr. To advance, approach, draw nigh. 

1535 CovERDALE Joé xxxiii. 21 His soule draweth on to 
destruccion. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary m1. (1625) 12 
Christmasse now drew on._ 1736 Lepiarp Life Marlborough 
III. 303 ‘he Season drawing on for opening the Campaign. 
1861 Vemple Bar Mag. II. 401 Evening again drew on. 

+e. ‘To draw near to death, be in a dying state. 

1555 WaTREMAN Fardle Facions 1. vi. 88 When any man 
lieth in drawing on. @ 1577 GascoicNe Flewers Wks. 
(1587) 100 He lay (as some say) drawing on Untill his 
breath and all were past and gone. 

f. Hunting. Of a hound: To approach game 
after pointing: =sense 74. 

1892 Field 7 May 695/3 Musa pointed and drew on, but 
could not locate the birds. /éz%d. 19 Nov. 797/3 The setter 
must often draw on and draw on, not unlike a cat creeping 
on its prey. 

87. Draw out. a. trans. To pull ont, take 
out, extract, derive, etc.: see simple senses and 
OvTt adv. (Also intr. for pass.) 

¢ 1300 Cursor M. 19500 (Edin.) Oute he dro3 babe wiue 
and man. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 251 He anone the tethe 
out drough. a 1533 Lp. Berners //vom xxi. 58 Than they 
tooke lond and drew out theyr horses. 1634 Sir ‘I. Herperr 
Trav. 24 Then in rage and sudden rapture drew out his 
knife. 1769 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 301 Kill 
your pig, dress off the hair, and draw out the entrails. 
1861 /emple Bar Mag. 1V. 20 Paying in money, and draw- 
ing money out, at his employer's bank. 

intr. for fass. 1891 Longm. Mag. Nov. 69 The harpoon 
did not penetrate sufficiently .. and therefore drew out. 
1 Field 4 Mar. 335/1 A drawer should be fitted..so as 
to ee out..and shut back. .in a moment. 

b. AZ. (a) To lead out of camp or quarters ; 
to call out. (6) To detach from the main body. 
(c) To set in array, extend in line, draw up. (¢) 
intr. for ref. To march out of camp or quarters. 

1638 Sir IT. Herpert Trav. (ed. 2) 88 Next morning 
drawing out his men [he] assayles him. 1724 De Fore 
Mem. Cavalier (1840) 81 The king ordered the regiment to 
be drawn out. 1866 Cartyte /vaug. Addr. 177 Thirty- 
thousand armed men, drawn out for that occasion. 

intr, a1616 Beaum. & Fi. Bonduca. ii, To-morrow 
we'll draw out, and view the cohorts. 1660 F. Brooke tr. 
Le Blanc's Trav. 10 Three score of us then drew out. 
1894 WotseLey Marlborough II. 177 Some sixty or 
seventy Irish Dragoons ‘ drew out’. .and took upa threaten- 
ing position. 

ce. To stretch, extend ; to flatten out (metal). 

1483 Act 1 Rich. /1/, c. 8 Preamb., Clothes. .ben set upon 
Tentours, and drawen out in Leyngh and Brede. 1694 
Acc. Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 148 One may draw it out in 
Threads like hot Sealing-wax. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 

When your Iron hath not its Form..then you must.. 

atter it out ; or, as Workmen call it..draw it out. 1754 
Ricuarvson Grandison (1812) 1V. 284 He drew out his 
face, glouting, to half the length of my arm. 1841 Fr. 
R. Agric. Soc. 11. u. 222 The spores were lengthened, or 
drawn out into a short pedicel. 

d. fig. To extend, protract, prolong. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 169 Dulled with overlong 
drawing out of a sentence. 1632 Mitton L'Allegro 140 
In notes, with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness 
long drawn out. 1709 StryPE Ann. Ref. I. xlvii. 515 To 
draw out time, and wearythem. a 1713 Ettwoop A utobiog. 
(1714) 30, I Prayed often, and drew out my Prayers to a 

reat length. 1893 Vemple Bar Mag. XCIX. 68 Break- 
Est was drawn out to a most unusual length. 

+e. To utter slowly or with an effort. Ods. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 5054 Diamede full depely drough out 
a laughter. 158r Petrie Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 1 
Hearing him drawe out his wordes so softlie and so weaklie, 

f. To elicit, evoke, call out. 

@1586 Sipney (J.), To draw out more, said she, I have 
often wondered how such excellencies could be. 1594 
Hooker Eccl. Pol, 1. xiii. § 10 To draw out from us an 
Map. D’ArsBLay 
Early Diary 27 Mar., Useful in drawing out the wit and 

leasantry of others. 1816 Keatince 77rav. (1817) II. 215 

bench interrogating the prisoner; and drawing out 
indiscreet avowals. ; 

g. To induce to talk or express opinions; to 
elicit speech or information from. (co//og.) 

g2* 


a 


DRAW. 


1778 Map. D'Arstay Diary 23 Aug., She did not. .use 
any means to draw me out. 1824 Byron Yuan xv. lxxxii, 
He had the art of drawing people out, Without their seeing 
what he was about. 1890 A. Gissinc Village Hampden 
ss, 295 Joice steadily resisted all efforts to draw her out. 


To write out in proper form, draw up, (in 


quot. 1500, to translate, render); to make out; 


to trace out, delineate. 

c1g00 Lichfield Gild Ord. (1890) 14 It ys a-Greyde that 
the Statutis .. shalbe draue owt in-to Tngivahe. 1576 
Freminc Panofi, Epist. 377 note, It passeth my capacitie 
to drawe out his portrayture in sufficient livelynesse. 
GoxpsM. Stoops to Cong. u. i, Bring us the bill of fare.. 
believe it’s drawn out. 1826 Examiner 190/2 ..were 
drawn out and founded on the basis of that monopoly. 186 
Temple Bar Mag. \1. 248 The [marriage] settlements were 
permitted to he eeu out. 

i. intr. To extend in length, become longer. 

Mod. The days are beginning to draw out, 

j. Racing. To get gradually farther ahead. 

1891 Strand Mag. Il. 655/1 The runner .. drew out in 
front. 1892 Standard 10 Aug. 7/5 The favourite drew out 
and won by two lengths. 

88. Draw over. +a. ¢vans. To overspread. 

a 1400-50 Alexander 4207 Drazen ouer with hidis. 1548 
Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII, 3 Their horses trapped, in burned 
Silver, drawen over with cordes of Grene Silke and Golde. 

b. To cause to pass over in a still; to obtain by 
distillation. 

1676 Bovte On Colours (J.), I..mixed with it essential 
oil of wormwood, drawn over with water in a limbeck. 
1884 NV. & Q. Ser. vi. X. 159/1 The Moslem physician 
Rhazes drew over a red oil i distillation called oleum 
benedictum philosophorum. 

ce. To convert to one’s party or interest. 

1707 Appison Pres. State War (J.), Some might be 
brought into his interests by money, others drawn over by 
fear. 1736 Lepiarp Life Marlborough 1. 153 To draw 
over some of the German Princes to His Interest. 1737 
Wuuston Yosephus Antig. Diss. i, How otherwise could 
he draw over so many of the Jews. 


+d. intr. To extend, last, endure. Sc. Ods. 

¢ 1865 Linpvesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 256 (Jam.) 
This drew over for ane space. /é/d¢. 312 Thir cumberis 
drew over till the king was tuelf yeires of age. 

89. Draw up. a. frans. (also intr. for refl.) 
See simple senses and Ur adv. 

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 159 Alswa se pe sunne drach up bene 
deu and maked per of kume reines. 13.. Coerde L. 55 
Anon the sayle up thay drowgh. Bie Chron., Hen. 
VIII, 27 And by force of engynes drewe it up. 1694 Acc. 
Sev. Late Voy, u. (1711) 174 They..draw it up also with 
Pulleys into the Ship. 1706 Motrreux Vanbrugh's Mis- 
take Epil., With Glass drawn up, Drive about Covent- 
Garden, 1869 W. Lonoman fist. Edw. ///, 1. xiv. 261 
‘The gate was shut, the bridge was drawn up. 

intr, c 1400 Destr. Troy 755 Whan be day vp droghe and 
the dym voidet. 1823 Examiner 792/1 The curtain drew 
upat the instant of his entrance. 

b. vefl. To assume an erect or stiff attitude. 

1850 7ait's Mag. XVII. 342/2 The Doctor. .drew himself 
up in offended dignity. 1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q. 
Neigh. xiii. (1878) 269 She drew herself up in her chair. 

+c. To mend (a rent in a garment) by stitching 
so as to draw the parts together. Oés. 

1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy 1. x.(Hoppe), That he could draw 
up an argument in his sermon—or a hole in his breeches. 

+d. Cookery. ? To bring to the proper consis- 
tence (as by ‘drawing’ through a strainer). Ods. 
¢1430 720 Cookery-bks. 20 Draw hem vppe wyth the 
(almond) Mylke porw a straynoure. c1440 Anc. Cookery 
in Househ, Ord. \1790) 425 Breke hom in a morter, and 
drawe hom up wythe gode brothe. 
e. trans. To bring to a stand (by pulling at the 
reins). z#/r. To come toa stand; to pull up, stop. 

1828 Examiner 562/1 He drew up his gig on the wrong 
side. 1849 E. E. Napier S. Africa II. 26 The waggons 
had been drawn up so as to form a sort of hollow square. 
1892 Cornh, Mag. July 22 She drew the horse up short. 

intr, 1823 Soutney Penins. War 1. 171 A carriage with 
six mules drew up to the guard-house. 1 THACKERAY 
Virgin. i, The young gentleman's post-chaise drew up at 
the rustic inn. 1885 Manch. Exam. 3 Oct. 4/7 The train 
drew “R in the station. 

f. To bring into regular order, as troops; to 
set in array. Also zmfr. for refi. 

1605 Suaks. Lear v. i. 5t The Enemy's in view, draw 
your powers, a 1671 Lp. Fairrax Mem. {x699) 84 Here we 
drew up our army, 1776 Gispon Decl. & F. i, The legion 
was usually drawn up eight deep. 1855 Macautay Hisé, 
Eng. 111. 243 The ranks were drawn up under arms, 

intr. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 292 The 
whole Portuguese Cavalry being landed, drew up in two 
squadrons. 1736 Lepiarp Life Marlborough 1. 231 They 
did, indeed, draw up in Order of Battle. 

g. To put together in proper form ; to frame, 
compile, compose, write out in due form. 

1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events Ep. Ded. 
Aiv, The work which I have here drawne up to a transla- 
tion, 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 94 Those..who drew 
up the processe. 1693 Col, Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 423 The 
Committee having drawen up their Answer to the remon- 
strance, doe sign it. xgxx Appison Sfect. No. 60 P 7 
A List of Words..drawn up by another Hand. — 1856 
Frouve Hist. Eng. (1858) I1. x. 440 The re was drawn 
up by men who had the means ot tacwing e truth, 

h. intr. To come up with, come close 40; in* 
Racing, to gain on or overtake an antagonist. 

1795 Newson 13 Mar. in Nicolas Disf. (1845) II. 13 As we 
drew up with the Enemy. 1889 J. K. Jerome 7hree 
Men ina Boat 8 We drew up to the table. 1894 7imes 
17 Mar. 14/x Then the Oxford crew began slowly but 
steadily to draw up. 


iy 


650 


i. To take up with, enter into relations withs 
1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 89 Gin ye forsake me 


Wylie 111, 152 (Jam.) When I naething 

draw up wi’ you. Sat. Rev. 9 Jul ‘There was 
news from Morocco their Midioer ned * drawn up’ 
with the Sultan’s dreaded rival. 


1663 

lier. .cut t 
threw it off his head. 17: Jounson, Draw, the act of 
drawing. 1857 Chambers's /nformation 1. 690 (Cricket) 
The ‘draw’..is the most elegant..of the batsman’s de- 
fences. 1867 F. Francis Angling iv. (1880) 121 Whenever 
there is a draw on the baits. 1871 Daily News 15 Aug., 
The salaries..would not bear the extra draw which must 
necessarily ensue. 1888 Miss W. Jones Games of Patience 
xiv. 31 You are allowed ‘ two shuffles and a draw’. 

b. An amount drawn up or ont. 

1847 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. VAM. 1. 126 The clay being taken 
out one ‘draw’ deep. 1852 /did. XIII. 1. 92 The last spit 
or draw being much narrower than the preceding one. 

2. The drawing or bending of the bow. 

1879 M. & W. Tompson Archery 19 Care and great 
practice should be given to acquiring the correct draw. 

8. Drawing or attractive power or effect; any- 
thing having power to draw a crowd. co//og. 

188: L. Wacner Pantomimes 58 Little to do with the 
success or legitimate ‘draw’ of the entertainment. 189 
N. Goutp Double Event 264 Smirke would have proved 
a big draw. : 

4. Drawing of lots ; anything decided or arranged 
by drawing lots, as the order of competitors in 
a contest ; a raffle. 

1755-73 Jounson, Draw..the lot or chance drawn. 1 
L'pool Mercury 22 Dec. 115/4 The familiar raffle or ‘draw’. 
1892 Daily News 27 Jan. 7/2 Unlawfully publishing a pro- 
posal for a Christmas draw. 1894 7imes 11 June 7/2 The 
following is the draw for the order of play. 

5. A drawn game or match. 

a 1871 New York Herald (Hoppe, He fought his last 
battle which ended in a draw ‘end division of the stakes. 
1885 Manch. Exam. 6 July 4/7 The cricket match..ended 
in a draw in favour of the latter county. 1887 7imes 
19 Aug. 5/2 The war..apparently has ended in a draw. 

6. Spinning. The distance which a mule-carriage 
travels in drawing out the yarn; q ‘stretch a 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V, 396/2 So soon as the 
carriage has receded to the end of ine ‘draw or ‘stretch’ 
—which usually extends to about sixty inches—it stops. 

7. ‘That part of a bridge which is raised up, 
swung round, or drawn aside; a draw-bridge or 
swing-bridge ( U.S.)’ (Webster 1864). 

1837 J. F. Cooper Recoll, Europe 11. 243 The bridge is 
now permanent, though there was once a draw. 18., 
Wuirtier Countess, A skipper's horn is blown To raise 
the creaking draw, 

8. Clock-making. (See quot.) 

1884 F. : Britten Watch & Clockm. 92 In a lever escape- 
ment the locking faces..are cut back at an angle which is 
called the draw. E 

9. A natural ditch or drain that draws the water 
off a piece of land. U.S. 

1884 Harper's Mag. Aug. 365/1 You _must..find cover in 
some coulée or draw. 1885 in A. Fryer Gt. Loan Land (1887) 
12 The drainage of the uplands is collected by..shallow 
‘draws’ which effectually drain the surface. 

10. A thing or person employed to draw a 
person out, to elicit from him what he knows or 
intends to do. Also, one from whom information, 
etc., may be extracted. slang. 

1811 Sporting Mag. XXXVIII. 168 The pretended flat 
who was a draw, was introduced, 1860 Reape Cloister 
& H.v, This was what in modern days is called a draw. . 
to elicit by the young man’s answer whether he had been 
there lately or not. 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 124 Butt was 
a sure ‘draw’ on this subject. - 

ll. a. With adverbs, as draw-down, draw-in. 
b. Coméd., as draw-tender, one who attends to a 
draw-bridge. 

1787 Mary Woutstonecr. Posth. Wks. (1798) 1V. 1 1 A 
draw-down at the sides of his mouth. 1840 Avid, Hull 
Docks Comm. 85 1s there any particular current setting 
into the old barton? There is a draw-in, like all other 
harbours. ay eoperts Mag. Feb. 357/2 The draw-tender 
. saw repeated visions of hisdeath, 

Draw-, the verb-stem in combination : 

a. used attrib. = drawing-, used for, in, or b 
drawing: as draw-hook, -ladder, -lid, -mule, -nail, 
-pull,-stroke,-window, Draw-arch,a movable arch 
in a bridge; a drawbridge arch; draw-beam, a 
windlass; +draw-bed, anextensible bed, alsocalled 
drawing-bed; draw-bench, a machine in which 
wire or strips of metal are reduced in thickness or 
brought to gauge by drawing through gauged 
apertures, also called drawing-bench; draw- 
board, a board adapted to be drawn up; draw- 
bolt, a coupling-pin of a railway wagon; draw- 
bore, a pin-hole through a tenon, so bored that 
the pin shall draw the parts together; hence 
draw-bore v.; + draw-box, a drawer; + draw- 
dike, a ditch from which water can be drawn off; 
draw-dock, a creek or inlet in the bank of a 
navigable river into which boats or barges can be 


ay 


DRAW-, 


or lie in the mud at low 
water; draw-farm, a farm whence su; are” 
drawn ; draw-gear, (a) harness for draught animals 
(Phillips, 1706) ; (4) the apparatus by which rail- 
way carriages and trucks are connected er in 
a bigot draw-head, (a) the head of a draw-bar 

a railway-carriage ; (4) of a drawing-frame 
in which the slivers are ee icoed and twisted; 
draw-horse, a bench or support on which a 
drawing-knife is used ; draw-kiln, a lime-kiln so. 
constructed that the burned lime is drawn at the 
bottom; draw-knot, a simple knot, undone by 
drawing the ends of the string; draw-ling (see 
quot.) ; draw-link, a link connecting railway 
carriages or trucks; draw-loom, the loom used 
in figure-weaving, in which the strings through 
which the warps are passed were pulled by a 
draw-boy ; draw-pin, a draw-bore pin; draw- 
pipe, a pipe for drawing water from a cistern or 
boiler; draw-poker, a game of cards, also called 
PokER q.v.; draw-rod, a rod connecting the 
draw-bars of railway trucks ; draw-shave, a draw- 
ing-knife for shaving spokes, etc.; draw-sheet, 
a folded sheet placed under a patient so that it can 
be withdrawn without the disturbance of making 
the whole bed; draw-sluice, a sluice opened by 
being drawn up a groove; draw-spring, the spring 
between a draw-bar and the truck or carriage; 
draw-string, a string slipped through the mouth 
of a bag, the neck or waist of a garment, etc., so 
as to tighten it by drawing the ends; draw-tap, 
a tap for emptying a pipe, cistern, etc.; draw- 
taper = De.ivery 5b; draw-tongs, a wire- 
drawer’s tool; draw-tube, the compound tube, 
one part sliding within the other, which carries the 
object-glass and eye-piece of a microscope. Also 
DRaw-BaR, -BOY, -BRIDGE, etc. 

_— Sir R. C. Hoare Tour Irel. 197 A *draw-arch.. of 
which all the machinery is worked under the floor of the 
bridge. 1611 Corcr., E7gate, A Windlasse, Windbeame, or 
*Draw-beame. 1663 /uv. Ld. ¥. Gordon's Furniture, In the 
chamber next adjacent..ane stand bed with a *draw bed. 
1859 Dickens in Ad Vear Round 2 July 239 The fillets, or 


ribands of gold..are taken to a machine called a “draw- 
bench where their thickness is perfectly equalised from end 
toend. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. . 1791 R.MyLxe 


Rep. Thames & Isis 56 The Stone fixed weir should have a 

auge-weir with *Draw-boards constructed on it, 1812-16 
7 Sane Panorama Sc. & Art 1, 120 *Draw-bore pins 
are used in forcing a tenoned piece into its j= oy place in 
the mortise. 1823 P. Nicuoison Pract. Build,.232 The 
Draw-bore Pin, or Hook-pin [used] for draw-boring. 1662 
Greennatcu in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser, n. IV. eg the wall 
..many *draw boxes, with rings at them like those in 


a Grocer’s S 1470 Henry Wallace 1x. 747 Some fell 
in to *draw dykis deip. 1883 Standard 6 Feb. 6/4 A barge 
.-moored in the *drawdock. 1891 Pad? Mali G. 10 Nov. 


s/t Authority to construct new drawdocks and to re ir 
and rebuild the existing docks. 1885 R. Bacwett /re/. 
under Tudors 1. p. vi, Content to look upon Ireland as 
a mere *“drawfarm. 1889 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 217/1 
Castings daily required in the way of brake-shoes, 
tals, *draw-heads, grate-bars, etc. 16a7 MS, Acc. St. 
Yokn's Hosp., Canterb., For mending on of the *drawe 
hoockes. Forsytn Beauties Scotl. 11. 446 Collieries 
and lime-quarries were |, *draw-kilns erected, 1894 
di Geppie Fringes of Fife 25 A line of n draw- 
ilns. 1635 Rutnerroro Left. (1862) 1. 147 To God, 
their belt wherewith they are girt is knit with a single 
*draw-knot. Daily News 3 May 7/6 When he..went 
to the premises they used a *draw-tadder, and went up into 
the depository where the goods were. 1811 Arron Agric. 
Ayrsh. 475 Heather and the *draw-ling (Scirpus caspitosus 
are the chief plants that the sheep can eat. 1856 S. 
Brees Gloss. Terms 153 The ce ape railway “draw: 
link..is now universally employ 183: G. R. Poxtrr 
Silk Manuf. 238 The apparatus called a *draw-loom was 
invented. 1851 Art ¥rni. Lilustr. Catal. p. viii. **/r The 
first step in improving the draw-loom was the substitution 
of hanism for the handle and called a a 
Fiorito Montaigne 1. xlix. (1632) 163 They call for 
their fare, tie *drawmule to. 1702 in PAil. Trans, XXV. 
1864 The Head not round..but somewhat like the modern 
* Draw-nail Moxon Mech. Exerc. 160 *Draw 
Pins described... § x Westm. Gas. 12 Feb. 5/3 There 
were only a supply and *draw pipe, and no safety valve. 
po Sata in Dazly Jel. 1 Nov., Losing money at 
euchre or *draw-poker. 1890 Pad/ Mall G. a et 
The great American game of draw-poker. Badu. 
Library, Shooting (1895) 60 They are now made without 
a *draw-pull, similar to a revolver, 1828 J. M. Spearman 
Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 17 Wheeler's Tools. .*Draw i 
Spoke Shaves. . Drive Pi 1zax Perry Daggenh. B 
31 There was intended *draw-sluices to be made. 
Anthony's cy Bull. U1. 79 The mouth of the bag 
4 = asuble aa : 


ae ng. . Hoiianp 
Manuf. Metal 11. 333 Considerable time is between 
each *draw-stroke A. the return of the pincers. 1895 


News 16 Mar. 3/4 A *draw tap in the supply pi 
Hees Ci a A *drawe-window of ry chamber, 


b. governing an object : as draw-blood, he who 
or that which draws blood; draw-stop, a knob 
or handle in an organ by which a slider is drawn 
so as to admit the wind to a set of pipes. 

1609 Br. Haut Pharis. & Chr. Wks. egy 5 Sebo beat 
re Lge instie Kisak oy waaw-bloud. “e80 
E. 7. Horauss in Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 605 The *Draw-stop 


DRAWABLE. 


action. 67d. 606 The ‘ action’ to a single stop..consists of 
a draw-stop rod..a movable trundle..a trace-rod..and the 
lever..On pushing in the draw-stop, the action of the 
several parts is reversed, and the stop is silenced. 


Draw'able, z. Capable of being drawn. 

1647 H. More Soug of Soud u. iii.u. ii, Not fixt to ought, 
but by a Magick might Drawable here and there. 1 H. 
Kinostey Szdcote of Silcotes xv. (1876) 94 Lines: .which he 
recognised as drawable. 


Drawhback (drd:bek), sb. and a. [f. vbl. phr. 
to draw back: see Draw. v. 78.] 

A. sb. +1. One who draws back or retires. Ods. 

1618 Botton Florus (1636) 10x Fabius. .got the nickname, 
to be called, The Draw-backe, or Cunctator. 

2. An amount paid back from a charge pre- 
viously made ; esf. a certain amount of excise or 
import duty paid back or remitted when the com- 
modities on which it has been paid are exported ; 
originally, the action of drawing or getting back 
a sum paid as duty. 

1697 Lutrrett Brief Rel. 1V. 200 For a drawback of the 
duty on exportation thereof. 1729 Swirt Grand Quest. 
Debated 21 In poundage and drawbacks I lose half my rent. 
1775 Burke Corr. (1844) 11. 23 To move for the account of the 
duties paid on tobacco imported ; and also for an account 
of the drawback, when exported. 1874 Bancrorr Footfr. 
Time xi, 269 All imported goods are entitled to drawback 
whenever they are taken out of the United States. 1883 
Law Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 567 The balance in hand.. 
shall be equally divided amongst the shareholders pro rata 
per share by way of drawback. 

3. A deduction, a diminution. 

1753 Hocartu Anal. Beauty i, 15 An unnecessary weight, 
which would have been a draw-back from his strength. 
1818 W. Taytorin Monthly Rev. LXXXV. 395 A little draw 
back is made from this panegyric. 1837-9 Hattam Hist. 
Lit. I. ii. 1. § 39. 12t The want..was a very great drawback 
from the utility of their compilations. 

4. Anything that retards progress or advance, or 
that takes from or diminishes success or satisfaction; 
a hindrance, disadvantage. 

1720 Humourist 59,1 have ..as a Drawback upon my 
Ambition, laid aside my Silver Buckles. 1748 RicHarv- 
son Clarissa (1811) I. xiii. 80 Daughters were but in- 
cumbrances and drawbacks upon a family. 1853 KANE 
Grinnell Exp. iv. (1856) 32 Our little vessel pursued her 
way without drawback. 1865 MerivaLe Rom. Emp. VIII. 
Ixvii. 284 Roman citizenship had its drawbacks as well as 
its advantages. 1875 Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 6 
A serious drawback to our enjoyment. : 

5. A movable piece or core in a mould used in 
is gay 

B. adj. That is, or has to be, drawn back: 
draw-back lock, a door-lock the bolt of which can 
be drawnéback by a knob or catch inside. 

1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 23 The Draw-back Spring. 
r8or W. Buttock in Trans. Soc. Arts XIX. 290 An im- 
proved Drawback Lock for House-Doors. 1866 Timmins 
Industr. Hist. Birmingham 87 Drawback locks. .resemble 
dead locks, except that the bolt springs and is worked by 
a brass knob on the inside. 

Draw-bar (dr9:bar). 

1. The bar that bears the draw-links or couplings 
by which railway carriages and trucks are con- 
nected in a train. 

1839 Frul. Franklin Inst. XXIV. 156 The bumpers or 
elastic cushions are to be attached ., to the front and rear 
draw-bar. 1861 7zes 1 June, The draw-bar of one of the 
trucks broke, and the draw-spring fell on the rails. 1889 
Pall Mail G. 27 Dec. 8/2 Breaking a coupling chain or a 
drawbar hook. 

2. A bar in a fence that can be drawn out. (U.S.) 

Draw'-boy. 2. ovig. The boy employed to 

ull the cords of the harness in figure-weaving ; 

ence b. The piece of mechanism by which this is 
now effected. 

173t Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 105 Mr. Le 
Blon’s new Way of weaving Tapestry in the Loom with 
a Draw-boy. 1831 G. R. Porter S7/k Manuf. 239 This 

hine..from its ding in the stead of a person who 
was distinguished by that name..is called a draw-boy. 
1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 339 The ion of draw-boys 
and girls to harness-loom weavers .. is by far the lowest 
and least sought after of any connected with the manu- 
facture of cotton. 1851 [see Draw-loom s.v. Draw-]. 

ree aide . Forms: see Bripcz. [f. 
Draw-: see also the earlier DRavGHT-BRIDGE.] 

1. A bridge hinged at one end and free at the 
other, which may be drawn up and let down so 
as to prevent or permit passage over it, or allow 
passage through the channel which it crosses. 

The original form was the /i/ting drawbridge, used from 
early times to se ge the foss of a castle or fortification, or 
the inner part of it; also in more recent times to provide 
a Lime 4 over canals, dock-entrances, and other water- 
ways; for this the form called a swing- or swivel-bridge, 
which revolves horizontally is often substituted: see also 
Bascute. A natyediahe 2 to permit the passage of vessels, 
sometimes forms a small section of a long permanent bridge. 

13.. K. Adis, 1205 Heore drawbrugge they drowe ate. 
1375 Barsour Bruce xvu. 757 Thai..a fyre had maid At 
the draw-brig, and brynt it doune. 1556 Chron. Gr. 
¥riars (Camden) 87 Wyett..made a bulwarke at the bryge 
fotte. .and dyd no harme there. . for the brygge drowebcyyes 
was drawne agaynehym. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. 2 Before 
we came into the Town (Graveling) we passed over five Draw- 
Bridges. “1722 Lond. Gaz, No. 6053/1 The Draw-Bridge of 
the. . Bridge of London will be taken up in order to lay down 
a new one. 1808 S Marm. vi. xv, The steed along 
the drawbridge flies, Just as it trembled onthe rise. 1844 


651 


Regul. & Ord. Army 266 The Barriers are to be shut, 
Draw-Bridges drawn up. 1894 Wes‘m. Gaz, 11 May 2/1 
It is the surface of the ‘ bascule ’"—the ‘ drawbridge’ part 
of the bridge. . ; 

2. A movable bridge or gangway on a ship, etc. 

1856 S. C. Brers Gloss. Terms 183 The floating bridge 
--is a large flat-bottomed vessel .. drawbridges are 
made at each end which let down and form roadways. 1878 
Bosw. Smitn Carthage 93 The drawbridge .. could 
swung round the mast towards the point where the danger 
threatened, and .. let fall... with its heavy weight upon the 
deck of the attacking ship. . 

Hence Draw’bridged a., having a drawbridge. 

1846 Dickens in Dazly News 21 Jan. 6/5 Queer old towns, 
draw-bridged and walled. 

+ Draw-can-bully. Ods. =next. 

= (R. Fercuson] View Eccles. 89 Whosoever steps 
forth as a ‘ Draw can bully’ to stab and murther Persons in 
their Credit and Reputation. 

Drawcansir (dr9kex:n,sa1). Also Draw’-can- 
sir. Name of a blustering, bragging character in 
Villiers’s burlesque ‘The Rehearsal’, who in the last 
scene is madeto enter a battle and to kill all the com- 
batants on both sides: hence allusively, and attrzb. 

[Formed as a parody on A/manzor in Dryden's Conguest 
of Granada, perhaps intended to suggest drawing a can of 
liquor (see the references to his drinking capacity in Act iv, 
sc. i ‘ Enter Drawcansir’).] 

1672 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal w. i. (Arb.) 95 
¥. Pray, Mr. Bayes, who is that Drawcansir? 3B, Why, 
Sir, a fierce Hero, that frights his Mistriss..and does what 
he will, without regard to good manners, justice, or num- 
bers. 1672 Marvert Reh. Transp. 1. 42 But it is a brave 
thing to be the Ecclesiastical Draw-Can-Sir. 1690 Locke 
Govt. 1. xvi. § 177 They that found absolute monarchy 
upon the Title of the Sword, make their Heroes .. arrant 
Draw-can-Sirs, and forget that they had any Officers and 
Soldiers. 1711 Appison Sfect, No. 16 P 3,1 have so much 
of a Drawcansir in me, that I shall pass over a single foe to 
charge whole armies. 1761 Cotman Yealous Wife Prol. 
(L.), Drawcansir death had rag’d without controul : Here 
the drawn dagger, there the poison’d bowl. 1768-74 
Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 562 Such a Drawcansir, as to 
cut down both friend and foe. 1797 J. Warton in Wilkes’ 
Corr. (1805) 1V. 335 One shall hardly see such drawcansir- 
work, 1800 Rival Bards in Spirit Pub, Frnis. (1801) 
IV. 394 Gifford .. Now struts a Drawcansir with hideous 
stare! 1880 McCartuy Own Times IV. xviii. 6 Mr. Layard 
+-avery Drawcansir of political debate, a swashbuckler, and 
soldado of Parliamentary Conflict. 

Drawcht, obs. Sc. form of DraucHT. 

Draw'-cut, 56. [Cur sd.2] A cut made by a 
drawing movement, and not by a stroke or pressure. 


1833 J. Hottanp Alanuf. Metal 11. 45 Garden shears .. 
amputate by a draw-cut like a knife. 

+ Draw'-cut, //. a. Obs. rare. [See Cut sb.1] 
Done by drawing cuts or lots. 

1583 Sranynurst ‘nets 1. (Arb.) 34 Shee ..toyls too 
pioners by drawcut lotterye sorteth. 

Drawe, obs. inf. and pa. pple. of Draw v.; obs. 
form of Drove; obs. Sc. pa. t. of Drive v. 

Drawee (d1$\7). [See -rE1.] The person 
upon whom a draft or bill of exchange is drawn. 

1766 W. Gorpon Gen, Counting-ho, 346 A bill..would not 
make the drawee liable. 1767 BLackstone Comm. IL. xxx. 
467 ‘The person..who writes this letter, is called in law the 
drawer, and he to whom it is written the drawee. /bid. 469 
If..the indorsee cannot get the drawee to discharge it. 
1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 114 If the drawer and 
drawee of a bill are persons of good credit, a banker will 
readily discount such a bill. 

Drawer ! (drga1).  [f. Draw v. +-ER 1] 

1. One who draws ; in various senses of the vb. 

a1340 Hampo.e Psalter xviii. 13 Puttand away pe 
draghere til ill. 1483 Cath. Angi. 107/2 A Drawer, vector. 
1537 Biste Josh, ix. 21 Hewers of wodd, and drawers 
of water, 1640 Remonsir. Troubles fr. Estates Scot. 
zo The drawers of his Majesty to this action. 1781 P. 
BeckForp in Blaine Encycl. Sports $1719 It is a modern 
fashion for the huntsman .. to ride into the cover .. but this 
proces is apt to render hounds bad drawers. 1838 De 

orGAN £ss, Probab, 58 Before the drawing was made, it 
was three to one that the drawer should go to the first urn. 

2. spec. One who draws liquor for customers ; 
a tapster at a tavern. Also in comb., as deer-drawer. 

1567 77iall Treas. (1850) 32 Drawer, let us have a pinte 
of whyte wine and borage. “1592 Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. m1. i. 
Gas 1640 Canterbury Marriage Licences (MS.), John 

illiamson of Canterbury, Beeredrawer. 1750 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 16 ® 5 Thundering to the drawer for another 
bottle. 1859 Dickens 7. 7wo Cities u. iv, Bring me 
another pint of this same wine, drawer. 

3. A name of operatives in various industries. 
Chiefly in comb., as straw-, tube-, wire-drawer. 

spec. In a Coal pit: One who draws or hauls the coal 
from the face to the bottom of the shaft, a hauler. In 
Weaving: A woman who puts the warp into the splits or 
heddles ; also, a woman who draws warps through the 
combs and reels. In Gasworks: A man who draws the coke 
out of the ovens. (Labour Commission's Glossary, 1894.) 

¢ 1400 Wyer drawer [see Draucnr 18]. 1589 Papfe w. 
Hatchet 27 Weauers and Wierdrawers. 1722 Dre For 
Plague (Reldg,) 126 Gold and Silverwyer-drawers. 1847 
Nat. Encycl. 52 The toddy-drawer selects a tree 
of easy ascent. 1 Frnt. R. Agric. Soc. XXV.u. 315 
The straw drawers .. purchase the straw in the bulk. 
1883 Manch. Exam. 27 Nov. 5/5 As the getters can 
do nothing without the drawers, the mine is stopped. 189 
Daily News 23 Nov. 2/7 Metal rollers and tiibe drawers. 
1894 S‘andard 5 Apr. 3/6 A number of loomers and drawers 
.-met the ban! td: in conference yesterday. 

4. One who draws a draft or bill of exchange. 

1682 ScarLett Exchanges, The Drawer when he hath 


DRAW-GLOVE. 


made his Bill, should make the Direction on the inside of 
it towards the left Hand. 1767 T. Hutcuinson H7s¢. Mass. 
IL. ii. 191 No merchants .. would take bills, unless the 
drawers would make themselves responsible. 1867 TRoLLoPE 
Chron. Barset 1. xl. 350 The drawer of the cheque had lost 
it, as he thought. 

5. One who makes a drawing ; a draughtsman. 

1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 410 We will not allow the 
drawer to leave it out altogether. 1607 VorseL. Four-/. 
Beasts (1658) 508 ‘The drawer made the nostrils lesse then 
might answer the proportion of the face. 1705 BosmMaN 
Guinea 234 For the want of a good Drawer I cannot send 
you Draughts of all of them, 1832 J. Hovcson in Raine 
Alem. (1858) II. 289 A good drawer and surveyor. 

6. One who draws or drafts a legal document. 

1 Claim of Roy Rada Churn 19/1 The drawer of the 
affidavit. 1884 Lp. BramweE tt in Law Ref. g App. Cases 465 
‘The drawer of this Act of Parliament. 1892 GLapsToNE in 
Daily News 22 Oct. 5/7 The drawer of the paper..has made 
one omission. ; 

7. An instrument, tool, or agent for drawing ; an 
extractor. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot, (1821) IT. 511 Ane instrument 
of tre, like the drawer of ane wel, 1607 TorsreLt Four. 
Beasts (1658) 314 Open the rift with a rosenet or drawer. 
/bid. 322 Get out the gravel with a cornet or drawer. 1610 
Markuam Masterp. 1. clxxiii, 491 luy is a great drawer, 
and opener. 1737 Bracken Farriery Iimpr. (1756) I. 187 
Such Medicaments as are. .stiled Ripeners or Drawers. 

8. With adv. as drawer-in, -on, -out. 

c1400 Test. Love 1. Chaucer's Wks. (1561) 290 b/2 Thylke 
thinges been my drawers in. 161rx Cotcr., Retrayeur, a 
redeemer, a fetcher or drawer back of. 1614 W. B. PAzrlo- 
sopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 18 The ayre is a great. .drawer-on 
of health. 1847 Mrs. Gore Castles in Air vy. (Stratm.), 
The drawer-up of my godfather’s will. 

Drawer ? (dige1). [f. Draw z.: cf. F. ttrodr, 
{. ¢’rer to draw.] A box-shaped receptacle, fitting 
into a space in a cabinet or table, so that it can be 
drawn out horizontally in order to get access to it. 

1580 HotiyBanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Wn escrin ., a casket, 
a little chest, a drawer. 1583 — Campo di Kror 145 Reache 
the cardes, which thou shalt finde in the drawer of the 
table. r710 STEELE /atler No. 245 P 2 A small Cabinet, 
with Six Drawers. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 251 All 
his bookcases and drawers were examined. ; 

b. fl. Drawers = Chest of drawers: a piece 
of furniture made to contain a number of drawers, 
arranged in tiers, and having usually a flat top, 
used as a writing-table, toilet-table, or the like. 

1677-1859 Chest of drawers [see Cuest sé! 8]. 1697-9 
Dampier Voy. an. 1688 (R.\, Corners of drawers or cabinets. 
1813 Examiner 8 Feb. 84/2 A suit of ..clothes .. happened 
to be on the drawers. 1850 Mrs. F, Vipat Orphax ii. 11, I 
moved away my pink ribbon off the drawers. 

e. attrib. Also Drawerful. 

1828 Miss Mitrorp /7l/age Ser. ut. (1863) 513 A whole 
drawerful of skeins. 1850 Cuuss Locks § Keys 14 A three- 
inch drawer-lock. 

Drawers (dr6-1z), sb. £2. [From quot. 1567, 
app. a term of low origin, which has risen into 
general use: f. Draw v., prob. as things which 
one draws on.] <A garment for the lower part 
of the body and legs: now usually restricted to 
under-hose worn next the skin. (In some early 
instances the word appears to mean stockings.) 

ot Harman Caveat 83 Here followyth their pelting speche 
.. Whych language they terme Peddelars Frenche..A com- 
mission, a shierte; drawers, hosen; stampers, shooes. 1576 
Inv. in Ripon Ch. Acts 378 A paire of drawers of mockadoo. 
1611 Cotcr., Brayes, short (and close) breeches, drawers, 
or vnderhose, of linnen, &c. J/dbid., House, a drawer, or 
course stocking worne ouer a finer, by countrey people. 1655 
Newsrucu in Nicholas Papers (Camden) Il. 290, I haue 
sent an Indian gowne and stuff for drawers. 1658 Howe 
Part. Vocab., Drawers, \e sotto calzetti, les chaussettes. 
1711 STEELE Sect. No. 51 ® 5 Makes a Country Squire 
strip to his Holland Drawers. 1717 Lapy M. W. Montacu 
Let. to C'tess Mar x Apr., The first part of my dress is 
a pair of drawers, very full, that reach to my shoes. 1791 
Huppesrorp Sadmag. 66 Cricket, nimble boy and light, 
In slippers red and drawers white. 1893 SincLair & Henry 
Swimming (Badm. Lib.) 374 A skin-tight costume ..with 
bathing-drawers underneath of silk. 

Draw-file (dro-fail), v. [f DRaw- vb.-stem used 
adverbially.] ¢vans. To file or roughen a surface 
by drawing the file along it longitudinally without 
lateral movement, as in using a spoke-shave. 

1884 F. J. Britten Watch §& Clockm. 35 The bouchon .. 
should be previously lightly draw-filed at the end. 

Draw'gate. A sluice-gate; a shuttle in the 
gate of a canal-lock which is drawn up to let part 
of the water escape. 

1791 Rep. Navig. Thames & Isis 2 Estimate 2 A new 
Pound Lock and Wear rebuilt with Draw-Gates. 179 
R. Mytne Rep. Thames 16 A single Pair of Gates, wit 
draw-Gates or Cloughs therein. 186x SmiLes Engineers 11. 
69 To provide them with nine draw-gates. 

Drawght, obs. form of Draucut. 


Braw-glove. 

+1. (Also draw-gloves.) An old parlour game, 
also called drawing (of) gloves, which consisted 
apparently in a race at drawing off gloves at the 
utterance of certain words. Ods. 

¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 2938 Drawing of glovis, With comonyng 
in company. .Gers maidnes be mart, mariage fordone. 1598 
Drayton Heroic, Ep. 370 (N.) In pretty riddles to bewray 
our loves, In questions, purpose, or in drawing gloves. 1648 
Herrick Hesfer. (1869) 104 (Draw Gloves) At draw-gloves 
we'l play, And prethee, let’s lay A wager, “sae it be 

—2 


DRAWING. 


‘this ; Who first to the summe Of twenty shall come Shall 
have for his —— akisse. /did.230, 1767 H. Brooke 
Fool of Qual. (x859) . 21 Here our hero was en hollow, 
as he was at drawglove and shuffle the slipper. 

2. An archer’s drawing-glove. _ 

Drawing (dr9‘in), vd/. sb. [f. Draw v.] 

1. gen. The action of the verb Draw in its various 
senses : the imparting of motion or impulse in the 
direction of the actuating force ; pulling, dragging, 
draught, hauling, traction; attraction, extraction, 
removal, derivation; formal composition (of a 


document), + translation, etc. ; 

1305 St. Lucy 136 in E. E. P. (1862) 105 Summe pe3 hit 
fewe beo: mid lasse drawinge wollep gon, 1398 Trevisa 
Barth. De P.R. 1x. i. (1495) 345 The stone Adamas meuyth 
by strong drawinge yren. 1413 Pilgr. Sow/e (Caxton) 1. 
li. (1859) 54 Synne..done..by drawyng and inclynacion 
of the freel flesshe. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 3 Of 
psalmes .. ye may haue them of Rycharde hampoules 
drawynge. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 1. xxiii, Shotyng and 
drawyng of the bowe. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VII/, 17», 
Beastes mete for drawyng. 1686 [Bore] Gent. Recreat. 
u. 78 To beat the Bushes after a Fox is termed Drawing. 
1712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 209 Clay .. costs 
nothing but the Drawing. 1893 7imes 14 July 11/4 At 
the drawing of stumps at 7 o'clock. 1894 Mrs. H. Warp 
Marcella 1,176 A romantic drawing towards the stateliness 
and power which it all implied. 

b. concr. That which is drawn, or obtained by 
drawing. sfec. in f/., the amount of money taken 
in a shop, or drawn in the course of business. 

1883 //arper’s Mag. 829/2 To these .. is given the second 
drawing of the tea. 

2. The formation of a line by drawing some 
tracing instrument from point to point of a surface ; 
representation by lines, delineation; hence, ‘any 
mode of representation in which the delineation of 
form predominates over considerations of colour’; 
the draughtsman’s art. 

Out of drawing, incorrectly drawn, esp. in relation to the 
point of sight, out of proper perspective. 

1530 Patser. 215/1 Drawyng of an ymage, ea et 
1 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 53 You must have a Gauge 
.. for the drawing of straight Lines on your Scale. 1 
Sir J. Reynotps Disc. ii. (1887) 21 Painting comprises bot 
drawing and colouring. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. & 
Art II. 697 Drawing, strictly speaking, includes only the 
art of forming the resemblance of objects by means of out- 
lines ; but it is usual to call those performances drawings, 
where only a single colour, as Indian ink, is employed to 
produce shades. 1859 Reeve Brittany 59 The building in 
our stereograph is... out of drawing. Century Mag. 
XXIX. 205/2 ‘ Drawing’, though it must often be used with 
less precision, really implies work with the point. 1887 
Ruskin Preterita Il. 251 The plates .. were... the first 
examples of the sun’s drawing that were ever seen in Oxford. 

b. transf. The arrangement of the lines which 
determine form. 

1753 Hocartu Anal. Beauty x. 110 Legs much swoln with 
disease. having lost their ‘drawing ‘, as the painters call it. 
1881 Grace Landscape Paint. 62 The late autumn is..good 
for sketching trees, as you can see their anatomy and 
drawing. 

3. That which is drawn; a delineation by pen, 
pencil, or crayon; a representation in black and 
white, or in monochrome; a sketch. 

1668-9 Pepys Diary 23 Jan., Looking on my .. pictures, 
and my wife’s drawings. 1769 Sir J. Reyvnotps D/sc. i.(R.), 
Sad made a variety of sketches; then a finished drawing 
of the whole. 1778 /d7d. viii. (1887) 151 A collection of 
drawings by great painters. 1859 Gutiick & Tims Paint. 
303 We can readily understand how paintings in water 
colours came to be called simply ‘ drawings’, 1868 BrowninG 
Ring & Bk. 1. 57 Modern chalk drawings. 

4. In Textile manufacture, applied to various 
operations : see quots. 

1831 G. R. Porter Si/k Manuf. 220 The next process is 
drawing or entering, which is passing each thread of the 
warp regularly through its appropriate loop in the heddle. 
1864 R. A. Arnotp Cotton Fam. 29 The tender production 
of the carding-engine is subjected to the drawing-frames, 
which give a little more consistence and much greater 
length to the fleecy rope, now become a‘ drawing’. 1894 
Labour Commission Gloss., Drawing, a number of opera- 
tions from combing to spinning. .to reduce the thickness of 
the sliver of wool by drawing the warp through the ‘reed’. 

With advbs., as drawing back, near, etc. 

1523 Lv. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxxi. (R ), They haue.. 
good breed, and we haue the drawyng out of the chaff. 
1530 Parser. 215/1 Drawyng nere. .approche. 1636 SANDER- 
son Serm, II. 53 What shrinking and drawing back! 1647 
Jer. Tavtor Lid. Proph. iii. (R.), Little drawings aside of 
the curtains of peace and eternity. 1710 Parmer Proverds 
174 To..insult him upon his drawing off. 1873 Hetrs Anim, 
& Mast. ii. (1875) 39 Entrusted with the drawing-up of the 
ultimate document. 


6. Comb, a. In various senses, as drawing-awl, 
an awl having an eye near the point, as to carry 
a thread through the hole bored ; + drawing-bed, 
an extensible bed; drawing-bench, a bench or 
table in the mint on which strips of metal are 
drawn to the same thickness for coining; also a 
bench on which a cooper works with his drawing- 
knife; + drawing-bridge = DRawsBrinDGE ; draw- 
ing-engine, a stationary steam-engine used to 
draw loads up an incline, the shaft of a mine, ete. ; 
drawing-frame, a machine in which the slivers 
from the carding-machine are drawn out and 
attenuated; drawing-glove, a glove worn by 


652 


archers on the right hand in drawing the bow; 
drawing-machine, a machine through which 
strips of metal are drawn to be made thin and 
even, or of a desired curve, etc.; drawing-press, 
a machine for cutting and pressing sheet metal 
into a required shape, as for pans, dish-covers, and 
the like; drawing-rolls, in a spinning mill, rolls 
between which the slivers pass in the process of 
‘drawing’; drawing-string, a string passed 
through a hem, casing, or eyelet holes, by which 
the sides of an article (as a bag) may be drawn 
together, or on which it may (as a curtain) be 
suspended instead of a rod; drawing-table, a 
table extensible by drawing out slides or leaves. 

1439 Will of Lochard (Somerset Ho.), Lectos extendibiles 
vocatos *drawyngbeddes. 1879 Cassel?'s Techn. Educ. 1V. 
298/1 The drawing tool .. is a heavy block of steel with 
a hole in the centre, fixed w the substantial bed of 
the long *drawing-bench. 1! Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 
(ed. 2) Gat A dozen iron Gates, and *drawing Bridges. 
1835 RE Philos. Manuf. 123 The important part 
which Arkwright’s *drawing-frame performs in a cotton- 
mill. 1847 /éustr. Lond. News 10 July 19/3 The mill .. 
contained from 70 to 100 spinning drawing frames. 
1881 GREENER Gun 296 The thimble is then.. forced through 
the *drawing-machine again. 1886 T. Harpy Mayor of 
Casterbr. 41 Dimity curtains on a *drawing-string. 

b. Of or pertaining to delineation, DRAWING 2, 
as drawing-office, -penctl, -room, -school, -table, 
etc. ; drawing-block, a block composed of leaves 
of drawing-paper adhering at the edges, so as to 
be removable one by one when used ; drawing- 
board, a board on which paper is stretched for 
drawing on; drawing-book, a book for drawing 
in, wholly blank, or with designs to be copied ; 
drawing-compass, -es, a pair of compasses having 
a pencil or pen in lieu of one of the points; draw- 
ing-paper, stout paper of various kinds intended 
for drawing on; drawing-pen, an instrument 
adjustable by a screw to draw ink lines of varying 
thicknesses; drawing-pin, a flat-headed pin used 
to fasten drawing-paper to a board, desk, etc. 

1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. Trade 63, 2 Reams *Drawing 
Atlas [paper]. 1881 Miss Brapvon AsfA. I. 7 Daphne 
produced her *drawing-block, and opened her colour-box. 
17a5 W. Hatrrenny Sound Building 26 On a cig ry 
Board, or Floor, describe ..the Arch ABC. 1785 (title) 
The Complete * Drawing Book, Containing many and curious 
Specimens. 1863 Miss WHaATELY Ragged life in ght xvi. 
152, I came down with a drawing-book to sit near the door. 

Cr. Rumrorp in PAil. Trans. XCIV. 135 A circular 
piece of thick *drawing-paper. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), 

Drawing-pen, an Instrument ..to draw Lines finer or 
thicker. 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit, Advt., Mathe- 
matical instruments .. Compasses, Drawing-Pens. 1 F. 
A. Grirritus Artil. Man. (1862) 368 Fixing it firmly by 
‘means of *drawing-pins. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), 
* Drawing-table, an Instrument witha Frame, to hold a Sheet 
of Royal-Paper, for Draughts of Ships, Fortifications, etc. 

Drawing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -IN@ 2.] 

1. gen. That draws, in various senses of the verb. 

1576 lurberv. Venerie 179 We take them. .with a drawing 
ferret when they be yong. 1659 D. Pett Jmpr. Sea 315 A deep 
drawing Vessel, 1890 Since Wild Beasts 11. 4 ith one 
desperate drawing cut across the throat he reached the spine. 

2. spec. Used to draw vehicles, etc. ; draught-. 

1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. u.(Arb.) 158 Drawing and 
bearinge beastes. 1683 Lond. Gaz. No. 1810/4 A brown bay 
drawing Gelding. 1875 R. F. Martin Winding Machin, 40 
‘The two head-gear pulleys. .at the drawing shaft. 

3. That draws out purulent or foreign matter 
from a wound, etc. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. \xix. (1495) 283 Thenne 
the leche vsyth drawynge medycynes. ¢ 1400 Lanfranc’s 
Cirurg. 232 Pis enpostym schal be helid wip drawynge 
pingis and wastynge. 1795 //udl Advertiser 17 Oct. 1/4 
A drawing plaister was speedily applied. 1857 Dunctison 
Med. Dict. 302 Substances which .. promote suppuration .. 
are vulgarly termed drawing. 

+4. Attractive. Obs. 

1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 282 She was of lye 
P ge, hir asp and drawing. | = UNYAN 
Holy Citie 181 It had a very taking and drawing Glory in it. 

+ Drawing-chamber. 0s. A drawing- 
room ; see W1THDRAWING-CHAMBER. 

1s82 Wuetstone Heftameron Cjb, After .. Dinner .. 
Queene Aurelia with a ch company, retyred her selfe, 
into a pleasant drawing Chamber. 1642 Declar. Lords & 
Com. 19 May 25 Meeting Mr. Jermyn in the Queens drawing 
Chamber. 1649 /xv. in Merton Reg. 11. 361 In the Draw- 
ing chamber. 1813 in Spirit Pub. Frnis, XVI. 122 For my 
drawing-chambers. .I will have them delicately furnished. 


Draw'ing-knife. a. A tool, consisting of a 
blade with a handle at each end, used for shaving 


or scraping a surface. b. A farrier’s instrument. 


ce. (See quot. 1842-76). 

1737 Bracken Farriery Jmpr. (1756) 1. 354 The Farrier’s 
drawing Knife. 1794 Rigging & Seamanship 1. 151 Draw- 
ing Kni ae ees used Daeg oe of the Pome ice to 

re off the rough wood. 1815 Sporting a + 159 

f .. the drawing-knife [be] used every tine be is shod, +4 
will be tender footed. 183r J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal 1. 

18 A carpenter buys a drawing-knife, which is a stout 

lade, edged in the middle, and handled at both ends. a 
76 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Drawing Knife, an edge 
tool used to ¢ an incision on the surface of wood along 
which the saw isto follow. It prevents the teeth of the saw 
tearing the surface, 


- DRAWK, ~ 
+ Draw'ingly, adv. Ods. [f. Drawine ae a. 


+-Ly*J In a slow, deli » OF g 
manner ; drawlingly. 


nounce so drawningly, 


.-yelding vp the 
ly, drawingly. . 

or. & Hist. Wis. ( ‘o speak leisurely, and 
rather drawingly, than hastily. 1662 J. CHANDLER Van 
Helmont's Oriat. 18 Scarce the wherein 
might drawingly pronounce four ceieties. 

Dra -master. A teacher of drawing. 
Hence Drawing-masterish a., -mastership. 

41779 TweoveLt Rem. lix. 273 (Jod.) Consult a drawing- 
master upon the subject. 1821 Craic Lect. Drawing iv. 196 
The 1 dard i hich has doubtless 


wi 
been laid down to you by your drawing masters. 1885 A then- 
‘ity Beach Ficeme of Fede Laged oxy Ripeany aaneing: 
Lack Penance o tt win 
masterish kind of a sketch. ieee r * 

Drawing-room! (drd‘in,r#m). [Shortened 
from WITHDRAWING-ROOM, which is found in 16th c. 
and is very common in 17th.] 2 

1. orig. A room to withdraw to, a private chamber 
attached to a more public room (see WITHDRAW- 
ING-ROOM) ; now, a room reserved for the reception 
of company, and to which the ladies withdraw 
from the dining-room after dinner. 

1642 Lp. SunpERLaNnD Let. to Wife, The <vy 9 is 
cheerful, and by the bawdy discourse I t ht I had been 
in the drawing room. Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1 
V. 579 Here are chambers, with drawing-rooms provided, 
not open chambers, but with doors..shut round about. ¢ 1710 
C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 239 Next this is the drawing roome 
of state. x Younc Love Fame 1. Wks. (1757) 88 Nor 
shoots up folly to a nobler bloom In her own native soil, the 
drawing-room. 1791 Boswe.. Yohknson 25 Apr. an. 1778, 
We went to the wing-room, where was a conabdarehie 
increase ofcompany. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners 
Wks. (Bohn) I1. 51 The gentlemen. .rejoin the ladies in the 
drawing-room, and take coffee. 

b. The company assembled in a drawing-room. 

[1732 Berxetey Alciphr. 1. § 11 In any drawing-room or 
assembly of polite ] 1841-4 Emerson Zss., Manners 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 212 The person who screams .. or converses 
with heat, puts whole drawing-rooms to flight. 1856 
Macautay Johnson Misc. Writ. (1889) 374 He would amaze 
a drawing-room by suddenly ej ting a of the 
Lord’s Prayer. 2 E 

2. A levee held in a drawing-room; a formal 
reception by a king, queen, or person of rank ; that 
at which ladies are ‘ presented’ at court. 

[1673 Drypen Marr. a la Mode u. i, You shall be 
day at the King’s levee and I at the queen’s; and we will 
never meet but in the drawing-room. 1706-7 Farquuar 
Beaux’ Strat, w. ii, Whereas, lt 1 marry my Lord Aimwell, 
there will be Title, Place and Precedence, the Park, the 
Play, and the Drawing-Room.] 1711 Swirt ¥rxd. to Stella 
8 Aug., There was a drawing-room to-day at court. 1714 
Lond. Gaz. No. 5267/8 In the Evening her Highness kept 
a Drawing-Room, at which were all the Ladies and Persons 
of Distinction of this Place, Cor. Hawker Diary 
(1893) II. 148 The last eames oom of the season; so 


of course an awful crowd. 1868 Q. Victoria Zours Eng. & 
Trel. 183 At ee Eight we drove into Dublin for the 
Drawing-room. It is always held here of an evening. .One 
thousand six hundred ladies were presented. 

3. attrib. 

1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 1 He met Her at Her Dra a 
Room aT ap. D'ARBLAY hie! 27 July, The 

een..puts on her drawing-room — at St. James's. 
ave W. iH. Kewty tr. Z. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. I. 379 
‘The drawing-room influence thus set in motion. 
Sata Amer. Revis, (1885) 88 The Pullman ‘ parlor'—or, as 
it is called in England, ‘drawing-room Car’. 1888 LoweLt 
Lit, Ess. (1892) 11 Domestic and drawing-room prose as 
distinguished from that of the pulpit, the forum, or the closet. 

Dra -room*, A room for drawing in: see 
Drawine vd/. sb. 6b. 

Drawk, drauk (argh), sb. Also 4-6 drauke, 
5-9 drake, 6, 9 dravick, ( erron. drank), 9 
droke. [Corresponds to OF, , droue, F. droc, 
med.L. drauca, MDu. dravik, mod.Du. dravig, 
according to Verdam Bromus secalinus.] 

A kind of growing as a weed among corn ; 
app. orig. Bromus secalinus, but also applied (at 
least in books) to Lolium temulentum and Avena 
Jatua, and so confounded with ‘cockle’ or ‘damel’ 
(lolium, zizania), and wild oats. 

¢ 1325 Metr. Hom. 152 With gastly drauc and wit darnele, 
61325 Gloss, W.de Bi . in Red. Ant. 11. 80 Drauck, deted, 
c1440 Promp. Parv, 130/2 Drawke, wede, drauca. ¢ 14 
Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 787/1 Hec sizania, a drawke. 

Cath, Angl. 107/2 Drate or darnylle. 1523 Firzuers, 
Husb, § 20 Drake is lyke vnto rye, till it ynne to sede, 
3578 Lyre Dodoens w. xvi. 470 Festuca, or as the Douchmen 
1 it Drauick, is also a hurtfull plant, hauing his leaues 
and strawe not much Me een Rye, at the whereof growe 
putes cares, .it may bealso very well called..in 

ilde Otes, or Drauick. 1597 Gekarve Herda/ 1. lv. 3p) 
76 Bromus Altera, Drauke. 1802 Barrincton Hist. N.S. 
Wades vi. 159 The corn. .was much mixed with a weed called 


drake. a Forsy Voc. E. A , Drawk, the common 
darnel. 1846 Frnl. R. ic. Soc. VIL. 11. 35% Droke 
is the enemy most to be dreaded in strong soils. 


Drawk, v. Sc. and north. dial. Also 6, 9 
draik, 8 drake, 9 drauk. [ obscure : 
perh. related to ON. dre; to drench, drown, 
swamp, submerge.] ¢vans. To saturate with mois- 
ture, as flour or quicklime with water. 


DRAW-KENIFE. 


1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxxiii. 102 All his pennis war 
drownd and drawkit [v.~. draikit]. 1776 Sir J. Matcoim in 
Herd’s Collect. 11. 99 (Jam.) The tail o't hang down, Like a 
meikle maan lang draket gray goose-pen. 1810 Cromek Kem. 
Nithsdale Song (1880) 58 O dight, quo she, yere mealy mou’, 
For my twa lips ye’re drauking. 1825 Brockett NV. C. Gloss., 
Drawk, Drack, to saturate with water, 1856 W. A. Foster 
in W. S. Crockett Minstr. of Merse (893) 152 The muir- 
fowl likes the heatherbell When draiket wi’ the dew. 


Draw-knife. = Drawinc-Knire. 

1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 122 With the handles of the 
Draw-knife in both their Hands, enter the edge of the 
Draw-knife into the Work, and draw — almost the 
length of their Work. 171: Lond. Gaz. No. 4863/4 Each 
fore Foot cut in three places with a draw Knife. 188 
Greener Guan 249 The stock is then rounded up with a 
draw-knife. P 

Draw] (drl), v. Also 7-8 draul(e. [Appears 
in end of 16th c.: perh, introduced in Vagabonds’ 
Cant from Du. or LG. Cf. Du. dralen to loiter, 
linger, delay, in Kilian (1599) dvae/en ‘ cunctari, 
morari, trahere moram’ (prob. also in MDu.), 
LG. drélen, EFris. dralen, in same sense; also 
EFris. draueln, draulen, LG. draueln (Brem. Wo.) 
to linger, loiter, dawdle. App., in origin, an in- 
tensive deriv. from the root of Draw w.: cf. 
mod.Icel. dral/a quasi drag/a to loiter.] 

1. intr. To move along with slow and loitering 
pace; to crawl or drag along. Now rare or Ods. 

1652 Bentowes 7heofh. u. liii. 30 Whose..march. .is slow 
as drawling snails. 1725 BraDLey Fam. Dict.s.v. Warren, 
Suffering your Net to drawl on the Ground. 1780 Map. 
D’Arsiay Diary May, Charlotte. .drawled towards us, and 
asked me why I would not dance? 1829 Examiner 616/2 
Sporting in the moonshine, and drawling along the streets. 

b. Of words. - 

1597 Br. Haut Sat. 1. vi. 8 The nimble dactils striving To 
out-go The drawling spondees pacing it below. 1743 R. 
Brair Grave 316 Duller rhymes With heavy halting pace 
that drawl along. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney III. 118 His 
words. .drawled slowly over his lips. 

2. intr. To prolong or lengthen out the sounds 
of speech in an indolent or affected manner; to 
speak slowly, by affectedly prolonging the words. 

1598 SHaxs. Merry W. 1. i. 145, I neuer heard such a 
drawling-affecting rogue. 1604 R. Cawprey Vadle Alph. 
(1613), Draule, to speake slowly. 1728 Pore Dunc. u. 388 
The clerks. .in one lazy tone, Thro’ the long, heavy, painful 
page drawl on, 1784 Cowper Jask 1.95 The tedious Rector 
drawling o’er his head. 1885 Manch, Weekly Times 6 June 
5/5 A long-winded orator. .is left to drawl away by himself. 

. trans. To utter with lazy slowness: chiefly 
with out. 

1663 Hawkins Youths Behav. 24 If any drawl forth his 
words. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. iii. 202 The Psalms. .drawled 
out and bawled with .. ical and ing vehe- 
mence. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 355 [To say] 
do-o-main, pul-lee, ho-lee, fu-ree, &c. protracting or drawling 
outthesyllable. 1865 TRoLtore Belton Est. xvi. 187 When 
the squire. .drawled out some expression of regret, 

4. To cause to pass o# or away, or move along 
slowly and laggingly ; to drag out, on, etc. 

1758 Jounson /dler No. 15 ? 7 Thus. .does she constantly 
drawl out her time, without either profit or satisfaction. 
1769 Misc. in Ann. Reg. 210/2 Their mornings are drauled 
away, with perhaps a saunter upon the beach. 1774 
Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. 1. 197 This languid and spiritless exist- 
ence is frequently drawled on. 1825 Cospetr Aur. Rides 
(1830) I. 119 The Chancery would drawl it out till [etc.]. 

ence Drawled ///. a., Draw'ling vd/. s0.; 
also Draw'ler. 

1648 Mitton Observ, Art. Peace Wks. (1851) 571 The 
common drawling of thir sh elocution. 1656S. HoLttanp 
Zara (1719) 140 A Subburb Letcher, ora drawl'd Prostitute. 
1663 Hawkins Youths Behav. 28. 1830 TENNYSON Zo F. 
M. K., Thou art no sabbath-drawler of old saws. 

Drawl, sd. [f. prec. vb.] The action of drawl- 
ing; a slow, indolent utterance. 

ra Lioyp Actor (R.), The white handkerchief and mourn- 
ful drawl. 1781 Cowrer Sr We His weekly drawl, 
Though short, too long. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast xiii. 
29 They have a good deal of the Creole drawl. 1887 Frith 
A utobiog. I. xxii. 318 In speaking, he had caught a little of 
the drawl affected in high life. 

b. Slow loitering pace. rare. : 

1850 H. Rocers £ss. II. iv. 190 It is in the epistolary 
compositions of the age .. that the drawl of our ancestors 
strikes us most forcibly. > 


+ Draw’-latch, sd. Ods. [f. Draw v. + Latcu. 
With sense 3 cf. dial. /atch, a lazy or indolent 
fellow.] 

1. A string hanging on the outside of a door by 
which a latch is drawn or raised. 

1614 J. Cooke Tx Quogue in Hazl. Dodsley XI. 249 I'll 
pull out my tongue, and hang it at her door for a draw-latch. 

2. A thief who enters by drawing up the latch; a 
sneaking thief ; a sneak. Cf. LarcH-pRAWER. 

1331 Act 5 Edw. JIJ, c. 14 Roberdesmen, Wastours & 
Draghlacche. bag boy 7 Rich. II, cr § ; css Cocke 
Lorell's B. Fey -)5 With davy drawelache of rokyng- 
ame. 1546 J. Hevwoop Prov. (1867) 72 To make me lohn 
drawlache, or such a snekebill. 1607 CoweLt /uterpr., 
Drawe latches ..M Lamberd ., calleth them miching 
Bat gore ve lazy laggard 

. plied opprobriously, esp. to a lazy laggard. 

1538 rg Serm. & Rem. (1845 393 If the masters be 
not good, but honourers of drawlatches, change them. 1583 
Sranyuurst /@xeis u. (Arb.) 55 You drawlach loytrers. 
1599 Warn. Faire Wom. 1.394 Some heavy drawlatch would 
have been this month .. Before he could have found my 


653 


policy. a16z0CuettLe Hoffman Gj (N.), If I pepper him 
not, say I am not worthy to be cald a duke, but a drawlatch. 
Hence + Draw'latch v. iztr., to sneak, shuffle, 


lag behind. 

1599 Nase Lenten Stuffe 59 Baw waw quoth Bagshaw to 
that which drawlacheth behinde. 

Drawlery, obs. var. DROLLERY. 


Drawling (dr9'lin), A/c. That drawls. 

1597 [see Draw v. 1b]. 1645 Mitton Colast. Wks. (1847) 
225/2 A tedious and drawling tale of burning, and burning, 
and lust and burning. 1727 Pops, etc. Art of Sinking 105 
Pretty drawling words like these. 1863 HawtHorNE Our 
Old Home 173 The drawling, snail-like slothfulness of our 
progress. 1869 ‘TRottore He Knew xxii, He seems to me 
always to preach very drawling sermons. 1876 Douse 
Grimni’s L. § 64. 174 A slovenly or drawling pronunciation. 

Hence Draw'lingly adv.; Draw'lingness. 

1742 Bai.ey (ed. 10), Draudingly, speaking very slowly. 
Draulingness, Slowness in Speech. 1834 art's Mag. i 
643 Blarney sings drawlingly like a street singer. 

wily, a, Sc. [f. Drawn sd.+-¥'!.] Of the 
nature of a drawl, characterized by drawling. 

1825 Jamieson, Drazu/ie, slow, and at the same time 
slovenly. 1829 Blackw. Mag. XKVI. 962 For the painter 
to illustrate the work of the poet or proser, be it drawly or 
divine. 1833 M. Scorr Tom Cringle xii. (1859) 285 The old 
don..so sedate and drawley as he was a minute before. 

Drawn (dron), p/. a. [see DRAw v.] 

1. Moved by traction; dragged, hauled, pulled; at- 
tracted ; extracted ; protracted ; strained, stretched, 
made thin by tension. Also in comd., as /ong-, 
well-drawn ; with advybs., as drawn-up. 

¢1430 Two Cookery-bks. 10 Drawyn grwel. bid. 42 Take 
pe drawyn Eyroun. 1509 Hawes fast. Pleas. xvi. xi, 
Her heer was bryght as the drawne wyre. 1596 SHAKs. 
1 Hen, /V,11. iii, 129 There’s..no more truth in thee, then 
in a drawne Fox. 1648 GaGe West /nd. xii. 64 Ventured 
himselfe in a Coach with drawne curtaines. 1753 Mrs. 
Detany Life § Corr. (1861) 111. 240 He has no scruple about 
fish or drawn gravy. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp JM/iserves Hunt, 
Life (1826) vu. xvi, Drawn, vapid, cold tea. 1864 ¥rnd. 
R. Agric. Soc. XXV~.u. 363 Well-drawn dry wheat-straw. 
1880 C.R. MarkHam Peruv. Bark 247 Tall, drawn-up sap- 
lings. 1888 A, K. Green Behind Closed Doors ii, A long 
drawn-out tale, 

2. Of a sword: Pulled out of the sheath, naked. 
+Of a person: Having his sword drawn (oés.). 

¢ 1200 OrMIN 16284 Patt drazjhenn swerd wass inn an hannd. 
1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. clxxviii. 159 Robert the Brus pur- 
sued hym with a drawe swerd. 1590 Suaks. Mads. N. ut. ii. 
402 Where art thou ?.. Here villaine, drawne and readie. 1610 
— Temp. . i. 307 Hoa..why are you drawn? 1838 James 
Robber vi, The stranger had in his hand a drawn sword. 
1890 A. Gissine Village Hampden 11. xi. 243 We all live 
now at swords drawn. [Cf. DacceEr 2.] Y 

3. Of a battle or match: Undecided. 

[The origin of this use is uncertain. It is suggested that 
drawn=withdrawn: cf.. Draw v. 37.) 

1610 D. Car.eton Let. 17 June in Crt. & T. Fas. I (1848) 
I. 115 It concluded, as it is many times in a cock pit, with 
a drawn match; for nothing was in the end put to the 

uestion. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Sum, Concl. 
as zor A drawn battle, wherein he that continueth last 
in the Field, is glad to be gone away. 1650 Evetyn Diary 
15 Oct., They shot so exact, that it was a drawn match. 
1709 STEELE Tatler No. 18 P 6 Our greatest Captains have 
been glad to come off with a drawn Battle. 1825 I’. JEFFER- 
son A utobdiog. (1859) I. 37 If he lost the main battle, he .. 
regained so much of it as tomake it adrawn one. 1835 Mrs. 
Cartyte Lett..1. 20 We played a drawn game at chess. — 

4. Traced (as a line), delineated. Chiefly in 
comb., as ill-drawn. 

1571 Dicces Pantom. 1..xxvi. Hijb, Making so many 
Diuisions in your drawne line, as there are Miles. 1574 
HE ttowes Gueuara’'s Fam. Ep. 46 Muche difference is 
betwixt the drawen platte and the builded house. 1895 
Athenzum 18 May 648/3 Deftly drawn studies of birds. 

5. Disembowelled. 

1789 G. Wuite Selborne u. xlviii. (1853) 292 My specimen, 
when drawn and stuffed with pepper, weighed only four 
ounces and a quarter. 

6. Subjected to tension. 

1879 E. K. Bates Egyptian Bonds I. vi. 130 Witha white, 
‘drawn ' look of pain on her face. 1885 Maret Col. Exder- 
by's Wife vi. iv. (ed. 3) III. 147 His lips were drawn and 
stiff. 1894 Barinc-Goutp Queen of Love 1, 114 She looked 
at her father’s drawn face, altered by pain. 

7. Moulded by a drawing-machine. 

1893 Daily News 24 Apr. 6/6 Stamped and drawn tin- 
ware. . bowls, etc. are selling well for export. 

8. Gathered, in needle-work. 

1852 in Viscount Ingestre’s Meliora 1. 269 They were 
drawn-bonnet makers, 1853 C. Bepe Verdant Green x, A 
drawn silk bonnet of pale lavender. 1894 Daily News 5 
June 8/4 Her first bonnet ..made of drawn white tulle. : 

Draw'-net. = Drac-net; also ‘a net with 
large meshes used for catching the larger varieties 
of fowls’. 

1624 Heywoop Caftives v. iii. in Bullen O. PZ. IV, Bee 
hee a Cristian or beleeve in Mawmett, I such a one this 
night tooke in my drawnett, 1630 in Lex Londinensis 
(1680) 20x Any Draw-net or Coulter-net. 1654 ViLvain 
Theorem. Theol. vii. 192 The Church Militant is a mixed 
multitud of good and bad, as a draw-net. 1727 BrapLEy 
Fam. Dict. s.v., lf you would havea Draw-Net with square 
Meshes. 1879 Queen's Printers’ Aids to Bible Gloss., Drag, 
a large draw net. 

Draw'n-work. Also drawn-thread work. 
Ornamental work done in textile fabrics by drawing 
out some of the threads of warp and woof, so as to 
form patterns, with or without the addition of 


needlework, or other accessories, 


~ nimble squirrel. . 


DRAY-HORSE. 


1595 Gosson Quifs Upst. Gentlewom., Gorgets brave with 
drawne-worke wrought. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. u. i. 
Wks. 1878 II. 41 ‘The finest drawne-worke cuffe. 1636 
Featty Clavis Myst, xxxi. 401 Behold here, as in a faire 
samplar, an admirable patterne of drawne-worke. 1894 
Bazaar 21 Nov. 1248/2 White linen edged with a narrow 
band of drawn-work. 1894 Daily News 28 June 6/3 Awards 
for smocking, baskets, embroidery, drawnthread work. 1895 
bid. 23 Sept. 5/3 Beautiful drawn-thread table linen. 

Draw--plate. An apparatus for reducing the 
thickness of wire or strips of metal, consisting of 
a steel plate pierced with a number of graduated 
apertures through which the wire or metal is drawn. 
Also drawing-flate. 

1832 Baspace Econ. Manuf. xi. (ed. 3) 98 From slight 
imperfections in the drawplates. 1833 J. HoLLanp Manuf. 
Metal Il. 332 The drawing-plate, through which the wire 
passes. /did. 335 A draw-plate..made of the best steel. 1884 
F. J. Britten Watch §& Clockm. 92. 

Drawsy, obs. form Drowsy. 

Drawt, obs. form of DRAUGHT. 

+Drawith. 00s. Also 4 dra3the. [f. Draw 
v.: see-TH.] 1. A treatise; =L. ¢ractus. 

1340 Ayend, 251 Pet ich habbe hier be-uore y-ssewed..ate 
ginninge of be dra3pe of uirtue. /dzd. 260. 

» = DRAUGHT. 

1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 20 The welle werke..with the 
drawth and the stoon werk. a@1628 F. Grevitte Sidney 
(1652) 219 In shipping. .the drawth of water. 

Draw’-well. 1. A deep well from which water 
is drawn by a bucket suspended to a rope. 

c1400 Gamelyx 372 ‘Tho thou threwe my porter in the 
draw-welle. ¢c1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 78 The draw-well 
-. Where that two buckets seuerall suithly hang, As one 
came vp, the other downe would gang. 1849 Compl. Scot. 
vi. 38 He drounit in ane drau vel. 1697 E. Luwyp in PAzZ, 
Trans. XXVII. 467 Their Coal-works were not Pits sunk 
like Draw-wells. 1829 Nat. Philos., /1ydrautics ii. 6 (U. K. 
S.) The Common bucket and rope..drawn up by a windlass, 
as in our common draw-wells. 

+2. A deep drawer. Obs. 

1762 STERNE 7ristram Shandy v1. xxx, 1 wish for their 
sakes I had the key of my study out of my draw-well, only 
for five minutes, to tell you their names. 

Dray (dr), sd.1 Also 4-7 draye, drey(e. 
[A deriv. of OE. dragan to draw: cf. OF. driege 
drag-net, also Sw. dog sledge, dray, (ON. draga, 
pl. dréyur timber trailed along the ground).] 

+1. A sled or cart without wheels, formerly 
much used for dragging wood, turf, etc. Ods, 

[1369-70 Abingdon Acc. (Camden) 17 In vna dreia empta 
xiiijd. In rasteis vijd. ob.) 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 
ILI. 145 He sent it on a dreye as it were venysoun. 1398 
— Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxix. (1495) 790 In stede of a slede 
other of adraye. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 617/10 7vaha 
.. a trahendo dicta, quia rotas non habet [azg/ice a Dreye]. 
1552 Hutoet, Dray or sleade whych goeth without wheles. 

+2. ‘A little cart’ or car on wheels. Ods. 

1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Curudis..a little cart or drey 
hauing in it a chaire of estate. c 1610-15 Wosen Saints 
(E. E, T. S.) 48 To fasten it to her litle cart or drey. | 

3. A low cart without sides used for carrying 
heavy loads: esp. that used by brewers. 

1581 [implied in DrayMan]. 1611 Cotcr., Haguet, a 
Dray ; a low and open Cart, such as London Brewers vse. 
1644 Prynne & Wacker Fiennes’ 7rial App. 32,1 saw a 
large broad Dray..drawne into the Castle by three or foure 
Horses. 1703 MAUNDRELL Journ, Ferus. (1732) Let. ii. 1 
Old batter’d Horses, such as are often seen in Drays. 1862 
Macm. Mag.. Apr. 455 A stoppage, caused by some brewer's 
d 


ray. 

4. attrib. and Comé., as dray-load; dray-cart, 
=sense 3; dray-plough (see quot. 1727). 

1644 Prynne & Wacker fieunes’ Trial 78 A Dray load 
more of Match. 1707 Mortimer Huxsé. OD, The dray- 
plough is the best plough in Winter for miry clays. @1719 
Appison (J.), Let him be brought into the field of election 
upon his draycart. 1724 De For Fortunate Mistress 
(1854) 3 The horses were kept at work in the dray-carts, 
1727-52 CuamBers Cyc. s.v. Plough, Dray Plough .. is 
made without either wheel or foot. : 

Hence Dray v., to convey on a dray. 

1 Lavy Barker Station Life N. Zealand vi. (1874) 39 
My house is being cut out in Christchurch and will be 
drayed to our station next month, a journey of fifty miles. 

Dray, drey (dré), st.2 loca#t. Also 7 draie, 
draye. [Origin unknown. ?'Same word as prec.] 
A squirrel’s nest. 

1607 TorsELt Four-f. Beasts (1658) 387 They. .make their 
nests like the draies of Squirrels. a@163x Drayton Quest of 
Cynthia in Campbell Spec. Brit. Poets (1819) II. 45 The 
er mossy dray that makes. 1789 G.WHITE 
Selborne (1853) 366 Three little young squirrels in their 
nest or drey as it is called in these parts. 1889 Exg. ///, 
Mag. Dec. 211 [They] lay their eggs in old nests, very often 
in old squirrel’s drays. ‘ 

Dray, obs. f. Draw v. ; variant of DeRay, 

Dray(e, obs. form of Dry a. 

Drayage (dréédz). [f. Dray sd] + -acr.] 
a. Conveyance by dray. b. The charge for this. 

1791 T. Jerrerson in Harper's Mag. Mar. (1885) 535/2 
Pd. Wm. Forbes freight, storage, drayage of 13 hhds. tob°, 
1860 7imes 9 May 12/5 He then collected the drayage, and 
informed the agent that the person sending it would call 
round, pay carriage, and get a receipt. 


Drayff, obs. Sc. pa. t. of DRIvE z. 


Dray~-horse. [f. Dray sé.1] A large and 
powerlul horse used for drawing a dray. 
1709 STEELE Tatler No. 60 P 10 A_ Discourse on the 


Nature of the Elephant, the Cow, the Dray-Horse, 1756 


DRAYMAN. 


Foote Eng. /r. Parle 1s og tivSin enentened 
to do more drudgery than a dray-horse. 1820 B. S1ctiman 
Frnt. Trav, (ed. 2) 111. 86 When we speak of a London 
dray-horse, we must understand an animal which in size 
resembles an elephant rather than a horse. iS 

1. A man who drives a dray (in 
England, usually a brewer's dray). 

x Fieetwoop in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. 11. 285 They 
brought unto me .. vi tall fellowes that were draymen unto 
bruers. 1606 SHaxs, 77. § Cr. 1. itv 270 A Dray-man, a 
Porter, a very Camell. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4649/4 A 
Drayman at Mr. Truman's and Mr. Bacon's, Brewers in 
Spittlefields. Lis Dickens Mart. Chus. liii, Two..burly 
draymen letting down big butts of beer into a cellar. 

+2. A fisherman who uses a drag-net ; cf. next 
and draggerman. Obs. 

ay Oo Descr. Thames (2758) 63 No Fishermen, Garth- 
men, Petermen, Draymen, or Trinkermen, shall..set up any 
Wears, Engines [etc.]. 

+ Dray-net. 00s. = Drac-ner, 

¢ 1000 AtLrric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker Voc. 105/4 Tragum, 
dragnet uel dreze. bid. 167/13 Uerriculum, dregnet. 
1584 in Descr. Thames (1758) 63 Dray Nets and Kiddels, 
forbidden. 

Draysche, drayse, obs. forms of THRESH v. 

Drazel (draz’l). Now dza/. In 8 drazil. See 
also DrossgEu. [Derivation uncertain: prob. from 
same root as Sc. Draste. Often identified with 
dratchell ; but this seems improbable.] A slut. 

1674-91 Ray S. § E. C. Words 96 A Drazel; a Dirty Slut. 
1678 Butter Hud. i, i. 987 To use her as the Dev'l does 
Witches .. That, when the time’s expir'd, the Drazels For 
ever may become his Vassals. 1787 in Grose Prov. Gloss. 

Dre, obs. form of DRE v. 

Dread dred), v. Forms: 2-6 drede, (3 dre- 
den), 4-6 dred, (4 dradde, dride, 3 pers. sing. 
drat, dret), 4-5 dredd(e, 4-6 dreed(e, 5-7 Sc. 
dreid,6- dread. /a.t. 3-5 dredd(e, (4 drede), 
4-5 dradde, 4-6 drad, dred, 5 Sc. dredyt, 6- 
dreaded. /a. pple. 4 ydred, ydradde, idrad, 
4-6 dred, -de, 5-6 drad, -de, 6-7 dread(e, 6- 
dreaded. [Early ME. dreden, dreden, not found 
in OF.; prob. aphetic f. adreden, OE. an-, on- 
drédan: see ADREAD.] 

1. trans. To fear greatly, be in mortal fear of; 
to regard with awe or reverence, venerate. 

c117§ Lamb. Hom. 21 Swilcne lauerd we a3en to dreden. 
Pet is godalmihtin. c1200 Ormin 14686 Nu wat I patt tu 
dradesst Godd. 1340 Ayend, 116 Pe ybernde uer dret. 
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) ix. 33 Pai drede no3t be sowdan 
ne nan oper prince. 148x Caxton A/yrr. 1. xxvili. 121 The 
thondre, whiche is moche to be doubted and drad. 1590 
Spenser /, Q. 1. ii. 2 Nothing did he dread, but euer was 
ade 1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 35 Studieng no less to 
pe..loved then to be dreade. 1667 Tite P.L.1. 464 His 
‘Temple high .. dreaded through the Coast Of Palestine. 
1784 Cowper 7 ask tv. 129, I love thee..dreaded as thou 
art! 1874 Green Short Hist. iii. § 7. 148 The man whom 
Henry dreaded as the future champion of English freedom. 

+b. Zo dread (dative inf.): proper to dread, to 
be dreaded. Oés. 

a 1300 Signs bef. Yudgem. 16 in E. E. P. (1862) 8 No 
ping no man mai loke pat is so grisful forto drede. 1375 
Barsour Bruce u. 272 Thai sall fer mar be .. for to dred. 
c 1400 A fol. Loll. 5 It is to drede, bat .. iuil comip to vs. 
cr Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxviii. 591 [A] knyghte.. 
that in his life was more to drede than ony man alive. 

2. To have ashrinking apprehension of ; to look 
forward to with terror or anxiety: of future or 
unknown events. Often with zzf. or subord. cl. 

a 1225 St. Marher. 5 Ne dredich na de@ for to drehen for 
him. a 1300 Cursor M. 7613 He dred his kingdom to lese. 
¢1470 Henry Wadlace vi. 630 Wallace dredyt gyll. 1508 
Fisuer 7 Penit. Ps. Wks. (1876) 26 It is to be drad leest ony 
preuy gyle or deceyte remayne styll in the soule. c 1600 
Suaks. Sonn. xcvii, Leaves look pale, dreading the winter's 
near. 1671 MILton Samson 733, 1 came, still dreading thy 
displeasure. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 203 ? 3 We.. 
dread their intrusion upon our minds, and fly from them as 
enemies. 1801 Moore Ment. (1853) 1. 116, I sometimes 
dread that all is not right at home, 1802 H. Martin //elen 
of Glenross I11. 26, I dread she is playing a dangerous fatal 
game. 1838 Ly1ron A/ice 31 This next visit she dreaded 
more than she had any of the former ones. 

+b. To be anxious about, to fear for. rare. 

1547 Surrey 4éneid 1. 966 So much I dred my burden 
and my feer (comitique onerigue timentem). 1599 SHaks. 
Pass. Pilgrim 94 How many tales to please me hath she 
coin'd, Dreading my love, the loss thereof still fearing ! 

+c. To doubt. Oés, rare. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 96 If pat pou dredist wheber 
pat it be a symple vicus or a cankre and a foul, for be signes 
+ -bep dauntis. 

+ 3. intr. (or absol.). To be greatly afraid or 
apprehensive ; to fear pany: Const. about, of, for. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 31164 Swide heo gunnen dreden of Cadwalanes 
deden. a 1240 Lofsung in Cott. Hom, 209 Ic..am on mest 
ifuled of sunne ase ich drede. ax300 Cursor M. 1810 
aa Pai war ful dredand for [Fair/. of) par lijf. 1382 

ycuir Gen. iii. 10, I dredde, there thur3 that I was nakid. 
©1449 Pecock Repr. 87 Drede 3e of the effect which bifille 
to Bohemers. 1§26 Pilgr. Per/. (1531) 15 God .. bad them 
to be stronge and not to drede, xx Bisex Chron. xxii. 

13 Dread [1885 X.V, fear] not, nor be dismayed. 1769 
Gorpsm. Rom. Hist, (1786) IL. 48 Their friends .. began to 
dread for the consequences. 1840 J. H. Newman Lett. 


(ho?) II, 296, I dread about our Statutes. 
+4. refl. To fear, be afraid. Ods. 
€ 1200 OrMIN 151 Ne dred te, Zacarize, nohht. cx 


Gen. §& Ex. 3008 Al dis sor Saz pharaun, and dredde hima 
Bor. ¢1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. 1740 Lucretia, Drede the 


a A 
He sal me aan his malison. 

4 in Pol.»Songs (Camden) 340, 

ath for-laft out of his hond. ¢ Rauf Coi v1 
I dreid me sair I be begylit. 1548 Hatt C ‘en. VI, 
97 A felde the whiche he drade hym, might have folowed if 

ie had long taried. Tennyson Elaine 512, I dread 
me, if I draw it, you will die. , : 

+ 5. trans. ‘To cause to fear ; to affright, terrify. 

(In first quot. perh. impersonal.) 

craso Old Kent. Serm. in O. E, Misc. 32 Wat dret td 
folk of litle beliaue? 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIL. 
141 sauours pat she myghte not suffir byfore, than 
dredde hir not a deel. 3587 M. Grove Pelofs & a. 
asd 42 Which sight did much appall And dread the 
lookers on. 1617 J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortal. 1. iii. 201 
A blazing Starre, that dreadeth the minde by presaging 
ruine. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 169 The very thoughts 
of it would seem to dread me. eee 

6. Comd., as dread-death, dread-devil adjs. 

1825 Cospett Kur. Rides (1830) I. 48 A reader of old 
dread-death and dread-devil Johnson. 

Hence Drea‘ded ff/. a., Drea‘ding vb/. sh. 

¢ 1200 Ormin 7185 He Dredinng and a3he sette On alle ba 
patt lufenn topp. a1325 Prose Psalter cx{i). 9 Pe biginnyng 
of wisdome is read g of our Lord. 1548 Gaus Lrasm, 
Par, Luke xii. (R.), If ye shal n the dreading of man, 
grow cleane out of kinde from the sinceritee of preaching 
the ghospel. 1556 Dreaded [see Dreaper]. 1590 SPENSER 
F. Q.u.x.1 My most dreaded Soueraigne. 1607 Suaks. Cor. 
m1, lii. 98 In the presence Of dreaded Iustice. 1863 Fr. A. 
Kemste Resid. in Georgia 242 The dreaded rattlesnakes. 


Dread (dred), 5. Forms: 3-6 dred, drede, 
(4 drad, 4-5 dredde, 5-6 dreed(e, dreid(e, 6 
dreade), 6- dread. [f. prec. vb.] 

1. Extreme fear; deep awe or reverence; appre- 


hension or anxiety as to future events. Rarely in 7. 
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 71 Forgetelnesse, nutelnesse, 
recheles, shamfastnesse, drede. a1340 Hampote Psalter 
xiii. 9 Pai quoke for dred whare dred was noght. ¢1400 
Lanfranc's Cirurg. 124 Bi cause of drede lest an hoot 
enpostyme schulde come. 1808 Fisner 7 Penit. Ps. Wks. 
(1876) 28 The drede of god putteth awaye synne. _ 
Butter Hud. 1. iii. 470 They'l straight resume their wont 
Dreads. 1798 Worpsw. Peter i 
ripened into dread. 1828 D’Israeti Chas. /, I. iv. 67 The 
dread of famine. 1895 J. Kipp Morality & Relig. iv. 164 
Dread isthe extreme of anxiety on account Ofpossibledanger. 
2. A person or thing (to be) dreaded; an object 
or cause of fear, reverence, or awe; +a danger. 
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 299 It is ful greet drede for to 
lete a child blood. 101 Douctas Pal. Hon. u1. xlviii, He 
tauld..Of Dianis bair, in Callidon the dreidis. 1590 SPENSER 
F. Q. 1. vi, 2 Vna his dear dreed. 1671 Mitton Samson 
1473 Shouting to behold Their once great dread, captive and 
blind before them. 1745 Pork O:dyss. 1v. 980 Then Euryclea 
thus, My dearest dread ! 1844 Mrs. Browninc Drama of 
Exile Poems 1850 1. 38 To meet the spectral Dread. ~ 
Macautay Hist, Eng, 1,13 The wonder and dread of all 
neighbouring nations. 
+3. Doubt, risk of the thing proving otherwise. 
Chiefly in phr.: without (but, out of) dread, with- 
out doubt, doubtless ; ”o dread, no fear, no doubt. 
1340 Ayend. 105 Hit ne is no drede pet ine pe zonge..be 
ilke pet tekp pe uozeles zynge, ne hep uele notes sotiles and 
zuete. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 809 To yow broghte 
I noght elles, out of drede, But feith and nakednesse and 
maydenhede. c¢ 1440 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. C.) 102 Pe 
tyme is nere withowten drede. c1460 7owneley Myst. 
(Surtees) 105 Of that ye wolde rowne, No drede. 1556 
Lauper 7ractate 201 3e sall be plukkit frome jour ryngis, 


..Withouttin dreid. 

+ Dread (dred), a. Obs. In 4 drad, 5 dred. 
[Aphetic f. ME. Aprap, ofdrad, OE. ofdréd(d in 
same sense.] Afraid, frightened, terrified. 

¢ 1300 H/avelok 1669 Hauelok ..was .. ful sore drad, With 
him to ete, for hise wif. ¢1340 Cursor M. 6260 (Trin.) 
For pharao was he not drad. 1393 Lanct. P. Pi. C. xvi. 
310 dep ne of derbe drad was he neuere. a 1400- 
Alexander 2489 Pan was ser Darius dred. c14g0 St. Cu 
bert (Surtees) 5739 ‘Theues war dred of Cuthberts wrake. 

Dread (dred), fp/. a. Also 5-6 drede, 5-7 
drad,-de. [ME. pa. pple. of Dreap v.] 

1, Feared greatly ; hence, to be feared ; dreadful, 
terrible. Per 

¢ Destr. Troy 166A di 
sane Suass. Temp. 1. ii. 206 And ¢.. his dread Trident 
shake. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 969 Death or aught then 
Death more dread. 1805 Scort Last Minstr. vi. xxxi, When 
— pag rr et we dread, tee the bat ye that 
wakes the dea I ABER A ‘or fesus ndage 
dreader far than death. 1868 HeLps F poe ii, (1876) at. 

2. Held in awe; awful; revered. 

1420 in Rymer Foed. IX. 883/1 Moste Dredde Soverayne 
Lord. 1484 Caxton ptanspne Ad My redoubted naturel and 
most dradde sauverayne kyng Rychard. 1593 Suaxs. 
2 Hen. V1, v. i. 17 A Messenger from Henry, our dread 
Liege. 1602 — //am., 11. iv. 109 Th’ important acting of 
your dread command. 1643 Pet. Gen. Assembly Kirk Scot. 
in Clarendon Hist. Red. vi. § 343 Suffer us therefore, 
Sovereign, to renew our petitions. Younc Centaur 
1, Wks. 1757 IV. 108 That dread Being we dare 
1840 Lytron Pilgr. Rhine xix, The dreadest ruler of men. 

3. Comb., adverbially, as dread-dear, -desired, 
-sweet ; parasynthetic, as dread-bolted. 

1592 Sytvester 77%. Faith ww. xlii, That drad-desired Day. 
1598 — Du Bartas u. i. u, Eden 429 And in our face his 
drad-sweet face he seales. 1613 — Microcosmogr. 7 Drad- 
dear Creator, new-create Thy Creature. Suaks. Lear 
1v. vii. 33 To stand against the deep dread-bolted thunder. 


drede to be-holde, 


ell 1. xvii, Suspicion 


=: 


ss da wigs. Doe Obs. [f. Dagan v. +-ABLE.] 
To be dreaded, dreadful. San 
6 sage eee f0 Bee NI in ae ow, ke 


able. . li. (T.), At the t 
Drea‘der. [f. as prec. +-R.] One who dreads, 
or is under fear and a on. 


Dreadful (dre-dfiil), a. (adv. and sb.) Forms: 
see Dreap sb.; also B. 3-5 Grefu(l, 9 dial. dref- 
ful. [f. Dreap sd. +-FUL. ; 

A. adj. +1. Full of dread, fear, or awe; fearful, 
terrified, timid ; pedis gat yn rw 
Ancr. R. hrift ee mod, 
scaenein ieee and eal. 1340 ‘one 117 We 
byep be more ymylded and pe dreduoller. ¢ CAPGRAVE 
Life St. Kath. 1. 844 The dreedful and seekly wolde she 
conforte. 1529 More Dyadoge i. 71 a/2 Ouer dredefull and 


scrupulous in stede of deuoute and dylygent. 1659 W. 
Caiuneaiaen Pharonnida 1. iii, The Ticks .. of whom 
the city ladies take A dreadful view. 


B. c1aso Gen. § Ex. 2590 Ghe was for him dreful and 
bled. Cath. Angl. 107/2 Drefulle, attonitus. 


+b. Const. of or inf. Obs. 

1430 Lypc. Bochas u. xxvii. (1554) 62b, The people, 
d ‘ul to bylde their mansions, For feare of death. 
Spenser F.Q. 111. i. 37 Dreadfull of daunger that mote him 
— 1628 Gaute Pract. The. (1629) 370 Reuerently 
awfull, or desperately dreadfull of his Maiestie, and Power. 

2. Inspiring dread or reverence; awe-inspiring ; 
terrible, formidable; awful ; to be dreaded. 

¢ 1250 Gen. § Ex. 3521 Dat dredful beames blast. ay, 
Prose Psalter x\vi[i]. 2 Our Lord ys heize, dredful, 
michel kyng. 1447 Will of Hen. VI, in T. J. er 
King’s Cole Chapel (1867) 13 The blessed and dredeful 
visage of our Lord Jesu in his most fereful and last dome. 
1593 Suaks. Rich. //,1. iii. 135 Harsh resounding Trumpets 
dreadfull bray. 1667 Mitton P. L. x. 121 My voice t 
oft hast heard, and hast not fear'd. . how is itnow become So 
dreadful to thee? 1758 C. Wes.ey //ymn, ‘Lot He comes’ ii, 
Robed in dreadful majesty. Autson Hist. Europe 
(1849-50) I. i. § 10. 56 The insurrection of slaves is the most 
dreadful of all commotions. 

B. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xiv. xxxvi. (Tollem. 
MS.), This mounte was dreful [1535 dredful] to all men. 

+b. Dangerous, perilous. Oés. 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 26 Whos [the arteries’] dyuy- 
siouns .. ben nou3t dredful to surgiens craft. bid. 129, 
I holde pis wey lasse dredeful ban ony opere, ae 

3. In weakened sense, applies to objects exciting 
fear or aversion. In mod. colloquial use often a 
strong intensive=Exceedingly bad, great, long, 
etc. Cf. awful, horrid. 

1700 S. L. tr. C. Fryke's Two Voy. E. I. 213 The Maid.. 
gave a dreadful Shriek. 1718 Lapy M. W. Monracu Let. 
to C'tess Bristol 12 Sept., I intend to set out tomorrew, 
to pass those dreadful Alps, so much talked of. 1778 Mrs. 
Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury 1 7, I have long 
wished to be in company with this said Johnson; his con- 
versation is the same as his writing, but a dreadful voice 
and manner. 1864 P’cess Atice in Mem. 72 The parting 
from Anna three days ago was dreadful. Mod. It. was 
a dreadful business. We waited a dreadful time. 


B. adv. =DReapFuLLy 2, 3. (Now vulgar.) 
1682 Creecn tr. Lucretius (1683) 52 Here some .. Look 
rzoo S. L. tr. 


1884 World 20 Aug. 9/2 The noblemen of the 
pontii lod or of penny dreadfuls. 1885 
Spectator 8 Aug. 1046/1 [He] has given himself up to the 
writing of three-volume dreadfuls. 1886 F. Harrison 
Choice Bks. 67 Destined to perish in shilling dreadfuls. 
(dre-dfiili), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.] 
In a dreadful manner. 
+1. With terror, fear, awe, or apprehension. Oés. 
1303 R. Brunner Mandl. Synne 11 {The publican] 
seyde wyp herte ful dredfully, ‘ haue on me 
mercy’. «3385 Chaucer LZ. G. W. Hyfermnestra, 
Dredfully sche quakyth. 14§0-1§30 Myrr. our Ladye 77 
Mekely and dredfully knowynge oure feblenesse. @ 1553 
Upatt Reyster D. ww. vi. (Arb.) 71 1 will..so make as 
though I ranne away dreadfully. _. Meas. for M. 
1v. ii. 150 A man that no more dreadfully, 
but as a di en sleepe. - 
2. So as to cause dread ; terribly, fearfully, aw- 
fully. 
ate — M. 21882 (Trin. ome a alle * make 
3eyn his coome so dredefuly. Haks. Lucrece 
YT hey .. tell her she is dreadfully Son a 1666 Brome 
cclus, xiii. (R.), Red burning bolts .. Dreadfully bright 
o'er seas and earth they glare. 1802 Porreus Lect. Gosp. 
Matt. 11.xxii.(R.), A most fatal imprecation, and most dread- 
fully fulfilled. Froupe Hist. Eng. 11. 224 Blazing 
martyr-piles, shining dreadfully through all after ages. 
3. Colloquially used as a strong intensive = Ex- 
ceedingly, ‘terribly’, ‘awfully’, aoe, tm 
1602 Suaks, Ham. 11. i o76,l mee ly atte: i 
Cc. Leste Suabe in (ed. 2) This is dread- 


fi Astonishing ! Dx. Leeps Mem. (1884) 220 
ully onishing 2 


wick 


This dreadfully . 1824 Syp, SmiTH 


DREADFULNESS. 
Wks: (1867) I. 42 hag! Mager of America and every- 
thing American, 188x Mrs. Mo.eswortu Adv, Herr Baby 
138 He would have liked dreadfully to come home, 


Drea‘dfulness. [f. as prec. + -NEsS.] The 
quality or state of being dreadful. 

+1. The quality of having terror or dread. Os. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 131/2 Dredefulnesse, idem est guod 
Drede. 1604 T. Wricut Passions u. iii. § 2. 71 Dreadful- 
nesse of infamie, and feare of diseases draw in the raynes of 
this inordinate affection. 1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. 1, 
i, are 162 In respect of our dreadfulnesse. 

. Awfulness, terribleness, frightfulness. 

c1440 Promp, Parv. 131/2 Dredefulnesse, and_horrybyl- 
nesse, horribilitas, terribilitas, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 
431 b/c In sygne of punycyon of his synne and terrour and 
dredefulnesse to alle other. 1548 Upa.t, etc. Zrasm. Par. 
Aéts iv. (R.), Afrayed with dreadfulnes of the great judge- 
ment, 1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl. 276 The dreadfulnesse 
of the Lord above all gods. 1849 Rosertson Serm. Ser. 
1. xi. 167 The dreadfulness of death is one of the most re- 
markable pines. e ; 
Dreadingly (dre‘dinli), adv. [f. dreading pres. 

ple. of DREAD v. + -Ly%.] With dread; appre- 
hensively. 

1589 Warner A/d. Eng. vi. xxxiii. (R.), Mistrustfully he 
trusteth, and He dreadingly did dare. 1844 Turrer Crock 
of G. xvii, Mary..looked on dreadingly to see the end. 


Drea‘dless, a. and adv. [See -LEss.] 

A. adj. Void of dread or fear; having no 
fear ; y age not apprehensive. Const. of. 

cae ‘aw. & Gr. Knt. 2334 How pat do3ty dredles 
deruely per stondez. a 1450 Le Morte Arth. 3262 After hys 
dayes fulle dredelesse..‘lo welde Alle yngland, towre And 
towne. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 46 With a drede- 
lesse minde to loke down vpon his enemies. 1634 PEACHAM 
Gentl, Exerc. ut. 140 A haughtie courage, dreadlesse of 
dangers. Fatconer SAipwr. u. 150 At each yard- 
arm a dreadless sailor strides. 1854 7art’s Mag. XXI. 
238 We await the issue..with dreadless confidence. 

+b. Exempt from dread or apprehension of 
danger ; secure ; void of terrors. Ods. rare. 

159% Spenser World's Vanitie x, A mighty Lyon. .Safe 
in his dreadles den him thought to hide. 1622 S. Warp 
Life of Faith in Death (1627! 91 That which makes death 
so easie, so familiar and dreadlesse to a beleeuer. 

B. adv. Without doubt or apprehension of 
mistake ; doubtless. Cf. DREAD s6. 3. Obs. 

¢ 1369 CHaucer Dethe Blaunche 1272 Dredelesse I mene 
none other wayes. a 1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 
gt Thane was Orncyane dede..And sulde to delfynge be 
done dredles pat daye. ?.a1400 Morte Arth. 2043 Dredlesse 
with-owttyne dowtte, the daye schalle be ourez. 1535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 61 Dreidles than we man all suffer deid. 

Hence Drea‘dlessly a/v., in a dreadless manner, 
fearlessly ; Drea’dlessness, fearlessness. 

1580 Stpney Arcadia (1622) 68 Zelmane (to whom daunger 
«Was a cause of dreadlesnesse). 1628 WiTHER Brit. Re- 
memb. . 670 So dreadlesly their course they did pursue. 
1831 Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 295 Animals who 
dreadlessly follow their instincts. 

Drea‘dly, ¢. Ovs. Also 3 dredlich, 4 
dredli. [f. Dreap sd,+ Ly 1.] =DreapFvL 1, 2. 

azaz5 Ancr. R. 58 pis is a swude dredlich word to wum- 
men. a1300 Body & Soul 12 in Maf’s Poems (M&tz.) With 
dredli mod. 

Dreadly (dredli), adv. [f. Dreap a. + -Ly 2.] 

1. In a manner inspiring dread; dreadfully, aw- 
fully, terribly. 

¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 143 Vre drihten wile cumen dredliche 
infuresliche. cx440 Yacol's Well(E.E. T.S.) 25 Alle po, bat 
.. dredly astonyen pe ordinaryes & here offycerys. 1605 
Sytvester Du Bartas i. iii. tv. Captains 224 So shall you 
see a Cloud-crown’d Hill sometime .. Dreadly to shake. 
1751 W. Mason E/frida Poems (1773) 127 Dreadly sweeping 
thro’ the vaulted sky. 1849 Lyrron King Arthur I. 11 With 
mangled plumes and mantles dreadly rent. 

2. With dread or awe. rare. 

1674 N. Fairrax Budk & Selv. 181, I should go in fear of m 
life..and dream full dradly on’t every night. 1847 R. Ww. 
Hamitton Disg. Sabbath i. (1848) 18 The iabbath .. Was 
jealously reckoned and dreadly revered. 

3. Comb., as dreadly deep, -glorious, -sad, etc. 

1606 Syivester Du Bartas u. iv. u. Magnificence 196 
Sound round the Cels of the Ocean dradly-deep. 

a’dness. [f. Drea a. +-NEss.] 

1. Dreadfulness, awfulness. Now rare. 

@ 1175 Cott. Hom. 233 He us is..hlaford for pan pe [hlis 
3eie and drednesse is ofer hus, a x2a25 ¥udiana(Bodl. MS. 

For deades drednesse. a 1300 Cursor M. 7544 (Gan 

ua pat fihtes in wrangwisness It helpis him noght, his 

redness. 1868 Nerriesuip Browning 242 The mystery 
and dreadness of the hidden power. 

+ 2. Dread, terror, apprehension. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 11161 (Cott.) Haf na drednes. Jdid. 
12837 (Cott.) For drednes ilk lim him quok. 

Dreadnought (dre-dngt), a. and sd. 

A. aaj. Dreading nothing, fearless. 

1836 W. Irvin Astoria I, 301 Three Kentucky hunters, 
of the true ‘dreadnought’ stamp. 1863 Mrs. c CLARKE 
Shaks, Char. 288 The manly and dreadnought character 
of the seafaring man. 

B. sé. A thick coat or outer garment worn in 
very inclement weather; also, the stout woollen 
cloth with a thick long pile of which such gar- 
ments are made. Also aétrib. Cf. FEARNOUGHT. 

1806 A. Duncan Nelson 140 ‘Il am Lord Nelson’, replied the 
hero.,throwing aside his green dreadnought. 1828 Cot. 
Hawker Diary (1893) I. 326 Drenched to the skin, in spite 
of all his ‘dread-nought” garments. 1834 Sourney Doctor 
Ivii. II. 197 One of those dreadnoughts the utility of which 
Sets fas! at defiance. 1842 Dickens Amer. 


‘otes (1850) 


655 


11/2 A pair of dreadnought trousers. 1870 THoRNBURY 
Tour Eng. V1, xxviii. 249 Anartful-looking man in a dread- 
nought. 
b. (See quot.) 
1874 Kxicut Dict. Mech., Dreadnaught, a heavy, woolen, 
felted cloth, used as a lining for hatchways, etc., on board 


ship. 

Dreadour (dre-daz). Sc. Also 5-6 dreddour, 
6 dred-, draid-, dreidour, 8-9 dridder, dreder, 
drither. [f. Dreap with F. suffix, after such 
words as dolour, terror] Fear, dread. 

1536 BELLENDEN Crom. Scot. (1821) I. 114 He fled with 
gret dredour to his tentis. 1553 Douglas’ Afneis 1x. xii. 
67 With dredfull dredour [A7S. raddour) trymbling for 
effray. 1570 Henry's Wallace x. 94 Quhen thai him saw, 
all dreddour [4/S. raddour) thai forsuk. 1609 SkeNE Reg. 
Maj. 83 Be reason of feare and dreadour. 1834 HocGc 
Mora Campbell 492 He .. saw with dreadour and with 
doubt, A flame enkindling him about. 

+ Drea‘dy, 2. Obs. In 3-4 dredi, -y. [f. DrEap 
5b,+-¥1,] Feeling dread, fear, or awe; timid. 

¢ 1250 Gen. & Ex.872 Abram folc made him dredi. 1382 
Wycur Fudg. vii. 3 Who is feerful and dredy, turne he 
ajen. c1400 Afol. Loll. 104 Pey wil be seen a mong men 
dredy and just. 

Dreaien, obs. form of Draw v. 

+ Dream, s¢.! Os. Forms: 1 dréam, 2-3 
dream, dreem, 3-4drem(e, 4dreem. [OL. dréam 
=OS. drém mirth, noise, minstrelsy :—WGer. 
*draum-. Kluge suggests that it is from the same 
root as Gr. OpiAos noise, shouting.] 

1. Joy, pleasure, gladness, mirth, rejoicing. 

Cedmon’s Satan 316 Per heo.. moton..agan dreama 
dream mid drihtne Gode. 9750. E. Chron., Her geendode 
eordan dreamas Eadgar Engla cyning. 1002 W7ld of Wudl- 
Jric in Cod. Dipl. Vi. 149 God zlmihtig hine awende of 
eallum Godes dreame. c1205 Lay. 14286 Heo zten, heo 
drunken: dram [c 1275 blisse] wes i burh3en. z 

2. The sound of a musical instrument; music, 
minstrelsy, melody ; noise, sound. 

cx000 Airric Hon. (Th) Il. 86/35 He zehyrde micele 
stemne..swylce bymena dream. /did. 11. 548/12 Werhades 
men ongunnon symle pone dream, and wifhades men 
him sungon ongean. cx1z00 77in. Coll. Hom. 115 Pe 
bemene drem be _engles blewen. c1200 OrMIN 923 

e belledram bitacnebp 3uw Patt dram patt 3uw birrp 
nerenn. cx120§ Lay. 1010 Muchel folkes dream. a@ 1250 
Owl & Night. 314 Ich singe .. Mid fulle dreme and lude 
stefne. a@13r0in Wright Lyric P. xviii. 57 Thou make me 
here thi suete dreem. c1320 Sir Benes 1339 (MS. A.) 
Saber wep and made drem. ¢ 1330 Florice § Bd. (1857) 37 
The leuedi..seide here louerd with still dreme, Sire [etc.]. 

Dream (drim), 54.2, Forms: 3-5 drem, 4-6 
dreem, dreme, dreeme, 4~7 dreame, 7— dream, 
(6- Sc. dreim). [Early ME. dream, drém, not 
recorded in OE., but pointing to an OE. *dréam = 
WGer. draum-, OF ris. drém, OS., MLG. drém, 
(MDu., Du. and LG. doom), OHG., MHG. troum 
(Ger. ¢raum), ON. draum (Sw., Da. drém), all in 
same sense. Generally thought to be a different 
word from Dream s0.!, OE. dréam=OS. drém 
joy, which also points to a WGer. *¢draum-. Kluge 
suggests that Germanic */raumo-, dream, was for 
an earlier *draugmo- or *draugwmd-, a deriv. of 
the verbal series dreug-, draug-, driug-, to deceive, 
delude, Ger. ¢riigen, whence ON. draugr ghost, 
apparition (cf. Zend drzj apparition), the radical 
sense being ‘deceptive appearance, illusion’. 

It is remarkable that no trace of dréam in this sense ap- 
pears in OE.; yet it is clear that it must have existed, 
since the ME. férm ¢vé is regularly derived from it, and 
could come from no other source. It seems as if the preva- 
lence of dréam ‘joy, mirth, music’, had caused dréam 
‘dream’ to be avoided, at least in literature, and swe/n, 
lit. ‘sleep’, to be substituted.] ; 

1. A train of thoughts, images, or fancies passing 
through the mind during sleep; a vision during 
sleep ; the state in which this occurs. 

Waking dream, a similar involuntary vision occurring to 
one awake, : 

¢ 1250 Gen. § Ex. 1179 On dreme him cam tiding. a 1300 
Cursor M. 4605 (Cott) Bath pi drems ar als an. 1388 
Wyc iF Gex. xli. 22 Y sei3 a dreem [1382 sweuen]. ¢ 1400 
Mavnpev. (Roxb.) vi. 22 He interpretid be kynges dremes. 
1474 Caxton Chesse 2 They coude not telle hym his dreme 
that he had dremyd. Hooker Eccl. Pol. Pref. i. § 1 
We have not..permitted things to passe away as in a 
dreame. 1610 Suaxs. Zep. iv. i. 157 We are such stuffe 
As dreames are made on, 1673 WycHERLEY Gent. Dancing 
Master w. i, Ne’er fear it: dreams go by the con- 
traries. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 204 P 12 Striving, as 
is usual in dreams, without ability to move. 1807-8 W. 
Irvine Salmag. xiv. (1860) 328 If life be but a dream, happy 
is he who can make the most of the illusion. 1842 Tenny- 
son Locksley Hall 79 Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. 
1875 L. ToLLEMACHE in Fortn. Rev. Mar. 331 Large bodies 
of men have what may be termed waking dreams; so that, 
without being either authors or dupes of imposture, they 
declare that they have seen what they have not seen. 

2. fig. A vision of the fancy voluntarily or con- 
sciously indulged in when awake (esp. as being 
unreal or idle) ; a visionary anticipation, reverie, 
castle-in-the-air; cf. DAY-DREAM. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 8b, Those be yours 
Osorius your owne drousie dreames, Suaxs. 7is0n 
1v. ii. 34 To liue But in a Dreame of Friendship. 1697 
Dampier Voy. I. vi. 159 These may seem to the Reader 
but Golden Dreams. 1 Ferriar Jdlustr. Sterne ii. 24 


The dreams of Rabelais’s commentators have indeed dis- 


DREAM. 


covered a very different intention. 1847 Emerson Repr. 
Men, Uses Gt. Men Wks. (Bohn) I. 274 The search after the 
great is the dream of youth. : eg 

3. transf. An object seen in a vision. 

1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 292 When suddenly stood at my 
Head adream. 1847 ‘TENNyson Princ. vu. 130 If you be, 
what I think you, some sweet dream. 

b. Something of dream-like beauty or charm, 
such as one expects to see only in dreams. 

1888 Lady 25 Oct. 374/1 My little dream of a place..such 
a sweet, select watering-place, 1892 Daly News 2 Ma 
2/1 Attired in a succession of those lovely gowns which 
enthusiasts delight to describe as ‘a dream’. 

4. attrib. and Coméb.: a. Simple attrib., as 
dream-content, -habit, -light, -story, -tide. b. Per- 
taining to or characteristic of a dream or dreams, 
as dream-city, -fabric, -hall, -tdea, -image, -life, 
-lore, etc. ©. Done in a dream, as dream-change, 
-discourse, -travel, -viston. A. Objective and obj. 
genitive, as dream-bringer, -interpreter, -smith, 
-speller, -teller; dream-haunting adj. e. Instru- 
mental and locative, as dream-awake, -born, -built, 
-created, -haunted, -perturbed, etc., adjs. f. Simi- 
lative and parasynthetic, as dyveam-fooled adj. 

1614 Sy_vesteR Bethulia's R. v. 7 Soft, drowsie, *dream- 
awake. 1881 H, Puivuipstr. Chamisso’s Faust 14 Then let 
the “dream-born terrors selves reveal! 1845 Mrs. Norton 
Child of Islands (1846) 182 ‘Thought, the great *Dream- 
bringer. 1863 HAwrHorNE Our Old Home 240 London the 
*dream-city of my youth. 1777 Porrer &€schylus (1779) 
Il. 37 (Jod.) Oft, as short slumbers clove his eyes. .‘The 
*dream-created Visions rise. 1865 LoweELL Ode at Har- 
vard Commem. x, *Dream-footed as the shadow of a cloud, 
They [those names] flit across the ear. 1822 ‘I, MitcHett 
Aristoph. W1. 297 Vhe person here satirised seems to have 
been the diviner and *dream-interpreter of that name. 1844 
Mrs. Browninc Lay Brown Rosary 1. ii, Forgot or unseen 
in the *dreamlight around her. 1890 Botprewoop Co/, 
Reform, (1891) 318 The *dream-palaces of a slumbering 
child. 1856 R. A. VauGHan A/ystics (1860) I. g But 
*dream-scenery of this sort is familiar to most persons. 
1652 GAULE J/agastrom. 313 At this the *dream-spellers 
were divided in their divinations. a1641 Br. Mountacu 
Acts & Mon. (1642) 331 He sent for *dreame-tellers to ex- 
pound his dreame. 

g. Special combs.: +dream-doctor, one who 
professes to interpret dreams ; dream-reader, one 
who reads or interprets dreams; dream-while, 
the apparent duration of a dream; dream-wise 
adv., after the manner of, or as in, a dream; 
dream-world, the world that one seems to enter 
in dreams ; a world of dreams or illusions. 

1545 Jove Exp. Dan. v. H viij b, His sothsayers, *dreame 
doctours, enchaunters, sorcerers. a@x1300 Cvrsor AT. 4:02 
(Cott.) Welnes 0 welth did pis boteler For-gete ioseph, his 
*drem-reder. 1470-85 Matory Arthur 1. ix, Be we wel 
auysed to be aferd of a dreme reder said Kyng Lot. 1879 
E. Arnotp Lt. Asia 3 The grey dream-readers said ‘The 
dream is good!’ 1822 Lama Eiia Ser. u Artificial 
Comedy, Now and then for a *dream-while or so. 1880 
Watson Prince’s Quest (1892) 51 When all things *dream- 
wise seemed to swim. 1817 CoLerince Biogr. Lit. 65 It 
places us in a*dream-world of phanioms and spectres. 1885 
Tennyson Ancient Sage x, But thou be wise in this dream- 
world of ours. 3 

+Dream, v.! Ods. [OE. *drieman, dryman, 
dréman to make music or melody, to play on an 
instrument, rejoice = OS. drémian ‘jubilare’; f. 
WGer. *draum-, OS. drém, OE. dréam, DREAM 
sb.1] intr. To make a musical or joyful noise ; 
to make melody. 

aro0o Lamb. Psalter xcvii. 7 (Bosw.) Dremad odde 
feegniab on zesihbe cyninges. c1z0g§ Lay. 13586 Me heom 
brohte drinken & heo gunnen dremen. /éfd. 22885 Harpen 
gunnen dremen. axzz5 Ancr. R. 430 Pet ower beoden 
bemen & dreamen wel ine Drihtenes earen. a1240 Ureisun 
in Cott. Hom. 191 Murie dreamed engles biuoren pin onsene. 

Dream (drim), v.2. Pa. t. and pple. dreamed. 
(drzmd), dreamt (dremt). Forms: see DREAM sé.2 
[Appears in 13th c. with the sb. Either derived 
from the latter, or repr. an unrecorded OE. *drée- 
man, dryman, dréman, corresp. to ON. dreyma, 
OHG. troumen, Ger. tréumen, an earlier deriv. of 
Germanic *dvaum-: see DREAM 56.2] 

1. intr. To have visions and imaginary sense- 
impressions in sleep. Const. of (+ 07), about, and 
with indirect passive. : 

c1250 Gen. & Ex. 2067 Good is ..to dremen of win. 
cx Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2960 This lady was the same That 
he had so dremyd of. ¢ 1470 Henry Wadlace x1. 1295 Tell 
I this in our place Thai wyll bot deym, I othir dreym or 
rawe. 1§35 CoverpALe Ps. cxxv[i]. 1 Then shal we be like 
vnto them that dreame. 1592 SuHaxs. Rom. §& Ful. 1. iv. 74 
She gallops. .Ore Ladies lips, who strait on kisses dreame. 
1667 Mitton P. LZ, ul. 514 Jacob .. Dreaming by night 
under the. open Skie. 1726 De For Hist. Devil u. iil. 
(1840) 198 To dream is nothing else but to think sleeping. 
1865 T'ytor Early Hist. Man. i. 8 The object dreamt of. 
1875 A. Swinsourne Picture Logic v. 40, I actually dreamt 
about Logic again. ; ? : ; 

2. trans, To behold or imagine in sleep or in a 
vision; a. with cognate or pronominal obj.; some- 
times with simple obj.= dream of. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 18985 (Cott.) Yur eldrin men sal dremes 
pe. 2a 1366 CHAUCER ba Rose 18 ea bit) in 

er slepe a nights Ful many things couertly. x ilgr. 
Perf. . de W. 1531) 36 The holy Seruauntes of god 
dremeth holy dremes. 1592 SuaKs. Row. & Ful. 1. iv. 53 
They [dreamers] do dreame things true, Zdid, v. iii. 79 Sai 


DREAM. 
he not so? Or did I dreame it so? 1623 — Hen. 
VIII, wm. i. 135 One'that ne'er dream’d a Ioy, beyond his 


{her Husband's] pleasure. 1700 Drvven Fadles, To D'chess 
Ormond + i The Macedon by Jove’s decree, Was taught to 
dream an herb for Ptolemy. 1726 De For Hist. Devil u. 
iii, He brought her to dream whatever he od into her 
thoughts. 1810 Scorr Lady of L. u. aaa ho have.. 
calmly out their dangerous dream.  18r, 

‘ Evituus’ Metrical Remarks 32 The droning Priestho: 
slumber'd in their stalls, Nor dreamt the storm, which 
shook their fabrics’ walls.” 1850 Tennyson /x Mem. cii, 
On that last night..I dream'd a vision of the dead. 


b. with 067. clause. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. I dreme. .That I alone with her 
mete. 1500-20 Dunpar Poems xxviii. 2, 1 dremed ane ry > 
came fra Hevin. 1651 Hoses Leviath. ut. xxxii. 196 He 
dreamed that God spake to him. 1815 Suettey A/astor 
151 He dreamed a veiled maid Sate near him, 

+ 8. Impersonal construction: with obj. of the 
dreamer, followed by of, cognate obj., or object 
clause, as in 1 and 2. Oés. or arch. 

The regular construction in ON., and possibly the original 
in Eng. also. Cf. ON. mik dreymdt draum, or draum 
dreymdi mik, ME. drem dremede me; ON. hann dreym- 
di pat, at hann veri, etc., ME. him drempte that he was, 
etc. The ON. shows that there are two accusatives, which 
ME. from the levelling of inflexions fails to do. 

c1250 Gen. & Ex. 1941 Quat so him drempte dor quiles 


he slep. /éid. 2049 Hem drempte dremes n oni3zt. 
Ibid. 2059 Me drempte, ic stodat a win-tre. c¢ 1300 //avelok 
1304 Another drem dremede me ek. ?ar Cuaucer 


Rom. Rose 51 That it was May, thus dremed me. 1 
Lanct. P. Pe. B. xvi. 8 Of gerlis..gretly me creme. 
c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7347 Me dremyd. pat I was 
ledd To durham. [1854 Syp. Dosett Bakder xiv. 58 In 
the night..Methought I stood within this room..and me- 
dreamed I stood Robed like a necromancer. ] 

4. trans. To imagine or fancy as in a dream; 
to think or believe (a thing) to be possible; to 
picture to oneself. 

1380 Wycuir Se/. Wks. IIT. 355 Zit eche preest .. shulde 
haue power to do good. . but not so myche as here is dremed. 

x Marseck Bk. of Notes 197 They are farre out of 
the waie, that dreame in the eT bread and wine, 
a bodilie presence. 1606 Suaks. Cyd. ut. iii, 81 Nor 
Cymbeline dreames that they are aliue. 1617 Sir J. Fivz- 
EDMOND in Lismore Papers Ser. 1. (1887) IL. 83, I neuer 
thought or dreamed the like to doe. 1700 S.L. tr. C. 
Fryke's Two Voy. E.J. 165 (We) never dreamt that there 
was any thing of value within it. 1 52 M. ArNoLD 
Longing iii, Come now, and let me dream it truth. Zod. 
vane id any one dream that such a catastrophe was at 

and. 

5. intr. with of, ton: To think ofeven inadream 
or in the remotest way ; to have any conception of; 
to think of, or contemplate, as at all possible; to 
conceive, imagine. Chiefly in negative sentences 
(express or implied), 

1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 36 Jugyd happy and fortunate 
. though he neuer Dreme of vertue. 1588 A/arpre/. Epist. 
(Arb.) 27 Weapons, whereof they never once drempt. 1602 
Suaxs. Ham. 1. v. 168 There are more things in Heauen 
anc Earth, Horatio, ‘hen are dream’t of in our Philosophy. 
a 1641 Be. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 539 This is..not 
so much as dreamed on by Baronius. 1712 BupGett Sect. 
No. 506 p12 She has discovered .. accomplishments in 
herself, which she never before once dreamed of, 1884 G. 


ALLEN Philistia I. 167, 1 wouldn't dream of going to live 


in the place. 

6. intr. To fall into reverie; to indulge in 
fancies or day-dreams ; to form imaginary visions 
of (unrealities). 

1533 Gau Richt vay To Rdr. (1888) 3 Thay thocht and 
dremit efter thair aune heid. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. 
Tim. 877/2 Let vs not dreame vpon rest, to say, we shall 
be at our ease, 1§95 J. Epwarpes in Shaks. C. Praise 17 
Poets that divinely dreampt. 1603 Knoutes //ist. Turks 
(1621) 166 He also dreaming after the empire. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. vit. 175 Dream not of other Worlds. 1845 Lonar. 


656 


Hence Dreamed, Dreamt ///. a., Drea‘ming 
vbl. sb.; also Drea‘mage (rare), dream-stuff. 

_ € 320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 3089 To hir he talde of his dreme- 
ing. 1549 Cuexe Hurt Sedit. (R.), They..deeme..other 
mens wisedome to be but dreaminge. 1611 BrouGuTon 
Require mag 53 Diana, a dreamed Goddesse of hunt- 
ing. 1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk & Selv. 

imaginary space. Croucu Bothie 1v. 127, 1 was walk- 
ing along .. Full of my dreamings. 1876 Geo. Extor 
Dan. Der. vu. liii, Like a dreamed visitant from some 
region of departed mortals. 1887 F. Hatt in Nation (N.Y.) 
XLIV. 515/3 The musty dreamage which he retails. 

Dreamer (dri‘ma1).  [f. Dream v.2+-ER 1] 

1. One who dreams ; one who has visions in sleep ; 
a visionary ; an idle speculator. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4111 (Cott.) Lo quar be dremer now es 
cummen. c1440 Promp. Parv. 131/2 Dremare, sompniator. 
1533 CoverDALe Lord's Supper Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. 437 

nless we will be very dreamers and blockheads. pd 
Suaks. Ful. C. 1. ii. a: iia is a Dreamer, let vs leaue him. 
1727 De For Syst. Magic t. iv. (1840) 117 We have indeed 
some of Balaam’s dreamers. 185§ Macautay Hist. Eng. 
1V. 691 He was not .. the first great discoverer whom 
princes and statesmen had regarded as a dreamer. | 

2. A name given to some species of Chelidoptera 
or puff-bird. 

Dream (drzmori). [f. Dream sb.2 or v.? 
+-ERY.] a. A place that favours dreams. b. 
Dream-work, ‘such stuff as dreams are made of’. 

1826 Blackw. Mag. X1X. 338 He would be .. dissolved, 
like Sardanapalus, in that voluptuous dreamery, a hot-bath. 
1838 Loner. in Ze (1891) I. 313 One of the finest lecturers 
I ever heard.. But it is alk ———. after all. 1875 
Howetts Foregone Conci. xviii, His whole stock of help- 
lessness, dreamery, and unpracucality. 


Drea‘mful, 2. [f. Dream sé.2+-FuL.] Full 
of or abounding in dreams ; dreamy. 

1552 Hutoet, Dreamefull or full of dreamynge, sommnicu- 
losus. po Mickie Svege of Marseilles v. i. (R.}, While 
Reason sleeps. .she [Melancholy] impious leads The dream- 
ful fancy. 1832 Tennyson Elednore 30 Into dreamful 
slumber lull’d. 1872 M. Cottins Two Plunges for Pearl 
ILI. vii. 166 Of the Lotos-land a dreamful denizen. 

Hence Drea*mfully adv., dreamily. 

1880 L. Wattace Ben-f/ur 198 As singers dreamfully 

lay with a flitting chorus. 1 Century Mag. July 412 

here dusk-green sway the pine-boughs dreamfully. 

Dream-hole. [? f. Dream 54.1 + Houe.] One 
of ‘the holes left in the walls of steeples, towers, 
barns, etc., for the admission of light’ (Grose). 
Supposed (by modern archeologists) to have been 
originally applied to the holes in church-towers 
and belfries by which the sound passed out. 

1559 Churchw. Acc. Minchinhampton in Archzologia 
XXXV. 425 For mendyne of dyuerse of the dreame-holes 
in the steeple, the churche porche, the north syde of the 
churche. 1787 in Grose Provinc. Gloss. 1855 in Rosinson 
Whilby Gloss. 1876 Mid-Yorksh. Gloss., Dream-hole, loop- 
hole. 1891 Atkinson Last of Giant Killers 175 He saw the 
dreadful-looking thing go through the narrow straitened 
slit or dream-hole in the tower. 

Dreamily, av. [f. Dreamy + -1y2.] Ina 
dreamy manner; as in a dream or reverie. So 
Drea‘miness, the quality or state of being dreamy 
or given to reverie. 

1795 Soutney Joan of Arc 1. 467 In that dreaminess of 
thought When every ily sense is as it slept. 1835 
Lytton Renzi 1. i, That vague and abstracted dreaminess 
of eye usually denotes a propensity to reverie and contem- 
plation. 1861 Hucues Zom Brown at Oxf. x, Looking 
dreamily into the embers. 1866 Mrs. Gasket, Wives & 
Dau. 1. 298 Her dreamily abstracted eyes. 


Dreaming, ///. a. _[f. Dream.v.2 + -1nG 2.] 
That dreams or acts as if in a dream. 


1552 HuLoet,Dreaminge felowe, somniculosus..Dreaminge 
speaker, fardiloguus. 1681 Dryven Ads. Ss Achit. 529 A 


Old Clock on Stairs vi, There youths and maidens dr 
strayed. 1898 Bookman Oct. 20/2 One who .. has been 
dreaming of future triumphs. 

+7. a. intr. To act drowsily or indolently; to 

rocrastinate. b. ¢rans. To perform indolently 
ike one in a dream. Ods. 

1548 Haut Chron. Hen. VI, 1626, He mindyng no 
longer to dreame in his waightie matter, nor to kepe secrete 
his right and title. /did. Edw. /V, 231b, The Frenche 
kyng dremyng, and waityng like a Foxe for his praie. 
Jbid. 237, In all hast possible Peter not sluggyng, nor 
dreamyng his busines, came [etc.]. 

ec. intr. fig. To hover or hang dreamily or 
drowsily. 

1842 Tennyson Vision of Sin 11 A sleepy light upon their 
brows and lips—As when the sun, a crescent of eclipse, 
Dreams over lake and lawn. 1858 Hawrnorne Fr, & /¢, 
Frnis. 11. 284 Mist. .dreamed along the hills. 

8. trans. + To dream forth: to put forth as one 
who tells a dream (0ds.) Zo dream away or out: 
to pass or spend in ae 

c Jove in Gardiner Declar. Art. Yoye (1546) 17 
Winchester, dreamynge vs forth, his newe fayned fayth, 
coupleth her to an externe knouledge. 1g90 Suaxs. AZ ids. 
4.1. i. 8 Foure nights wil quickly dreame away the time. 
1687 Dryvpen Hind & P. m1. 451 ether [swallows] dream 
the winter out in caves below. 1822 Lams Zéfa Ser. 1. 
Th. Bhs. & Reading, 1 dream away my life in others’ 
speculations. . 

9. refl. To bring oneself in a dream, 

37a0 Hum. Lett. in Lond. Frni, (1721) 29 Having dreamed 
himself into this Importance [etc.]. 1827 R. He Froupe 
Rem. (838) = ae I hope... that I may dream myself 

oo) 


Host of dr Saints . 1868 Farrar 
Silence & V. ii. (1875) 44 The cold clear light of eternity 
flashed suddenly upon the closed and dreaming eyes. 

Hence Drea*mingly adv. ; Drea'mingness. 

r Coverpate Writ. & Transl. (244) 511 Allegories 
handled, not dreamingly or unfruitfully. A. Fox 
Wurts' Surg. 1. v. 231 They would never go so dreamingly 
about so weighty a matter. 1727 Batey vol, IT, Dreaming- 
ness, slothfulness, acting as if in a Dream, 1891 F, W. 
Rosinson Her Love §& His Life III. vi. ix. 1M eee | 
out d ingly and despondently at the dark nig 

Drea‘mish, 2. Os. rare. [f. Dream 5b.2+ 
-IsH.] Somewhat dreamy. 

1574 J. Dee in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 38 Dremish 

demonstrations of places. 

d. f. DREAM sé.2 + LanD.] The 
land or country which one sees in dreams, and 
which exists only in imagination; an ideal or 
imaginary land. Also attr2d. 

a 1834 Lama Let. to Coleridge (L.), They are real, and 
have a venue in their respective districts in dreamland. 1843 
Cartyte Past & Pr. u. i, This ia a of the Year 1200 
was no chimerical vacuity or dream-land. 1847 A. C. Coxs 
Chr. Ballads (1861) 30 In Dreamland once I saw a Church.. 
And Dreamland Church was decent all. 1885 Lowett ?. 
Wks. (1890) VI. 74 That delightfully fortuitous inconse- 

uence that is the adamantine logic of dream! " 1895 
Tablet 20 July 108 A dreamland scheme of conditio; 
reunion. 

Drea‘mless, a. [f. as prec. +-LEss.] Without 
or free from dreams. Hence Drea*mlessly adv. 

1605 Campen Kem, Names (R.), The savages of Mount 
Atlas .. which were ed to be both nameless and 
dreamlesse. ¢x815 Moore /rish Mel. Poet. Wks. II. 228 


59 This dreamt or- 
' Drea'm-like, 


DREARILY. 


Then leave them in their dreamless sleep. 1873 Ovrpa 
Pascarel 1. 203, I slept all night dreamlessly. , 

Dreamlet. vare. [f. as prec. +-LET.] A short 
oe te 1 it dreamlet 

i! » th I 

apn commmeshvnsia’ oes Wk Coons Ma 
II. iv. 95 She..had two or three nice dreamlets. 
a. Like a dream; unsu 4 
— shadowy, or ideal, as a dream. 


upon her dream-like 


Soc. & Solit. xi. 240 A new world of dream-like glory. 
t, pa. t. and pa. of DREAM z. 

pueamy Dream 56.2 +-¥ 1] 

1. Full of or abounding in dreams; characterized 
by dreaming or by causing dreams, 

1567 Triall Treas. (1850) 6 1 goest like a dromeldory, 
dreamy and drousy. 1830 Tennyson Mariana vi, All day 
within the dreamy house, The doors upon hinges 
creak'd. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. 1. xvi. 196 A dreamy but 
intense slumber. 1 Lanc Wand. India 196 Having 
spent a very dreamy night. 

2. Given or pertaining to reverie or fancy. 

C. Lioyp in Athenaum 2 Mar. (1895) 282/1 In fact 
he [Coleridge] attends to nothing but — ——_ 
still more dreamy feelings. 1845 James A. Neil iv, Her 
words were spoken in one of those strange dreamy moods, 
that sometimes fall upon her. 1871 L. Srernem Playgr. 
Eur, ix. (1894) 218, To enjoy an Alpine view properly, one 
should at times be dreamy and sentimental. 

3. Characteristic of, or of the nature of, a dream ; 
dream-like; vague, indistinct ; also, of the eyes, 
or a colour: misty, dim, or cloudy. 

1848 Kepre Serm. Pref. 54 To slight it al her, as a 
dreamy, unreal kind of thing. 1859 Kincstey A/isc. (1860) 
II. 243 A single stockdove .. began calling sadly and softly, 
with a dreamy peaceful moan. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 
1V. 20 He has a dreamy recollection of hearing [it]. 1884 
F. M. Crawrorp Rom. Singer 1. 26 She has deep blue 
eyes, wide apart and dreamy. 1893 Daly News 27 Nov. 
6/1 Cloth in a soft and dreamy tone of sea blue. 

4. Comb., as dreamy-eyed, -minded, etc. 

1884 G. Moore Mummer's Wife (1887) 171 The dreamy- 
minded musician. 

Drean(e, obs. and dial. f. Dratn. 

+ Drear, 5. Ods. Also 6 drere. [A back- 
formation from DRreary a@., by the Elizabethan 
archaists.] Dreariness, sadness, gloom, 

1563 Sackvitte /nduct. to Mirr. Mag. xx, Sith sorrowe is 
thy name And that to thee this drere doth wel pertayne. 
1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. viii. 40 A ruefull spectacle of death 
and ghastly drere. /did, 11. xii. 36 The hoars Night-raven, 
trump of dolefull drere. 1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat. tv. vi, His 
dim eyes see nought but death and drere. 1775, S. J. Pratrr 
Liberal Opinions (1783) 1V. 48 In the drear of December. 

Drear (drie1), a. Chiefly foet. [A poetic short- 
ening of DreaRy a.] = DREARY @. 4. 

1629 Mitton Nativity 193 A drear and dying sound 
Affrights the flamens at their service quaint. al7gs Sore EY 
Vis. Maid Orleans 1.12 A moor, Barren, wide, and 
drear, and desolate. 1851 Lonr. Gold. Leg. 1. Crt.-yard 
of Castile 18 All is silent, sad, and drear. 

b. Rarely of persons; = DREARY 3. 

a1717 Parnett Fairy Tale (R.), His heart was drear, 
his hope was cross’d. 1855 Browninc Sand iv,So agonized 
Saul, drear and stark, blind and dumb, 

ec. Comb., as drear-nighted, -white. 

a 8ar Keats Stanzas i, A drear-nighted December. 1844 
Mrs. Browntnc Drama of Exile 1889 1. 97 When 
he tosseth his head, the drear-white steed. 

Hence Drea‘rly adv. ; Drea*rness. 

1861 Dora Greenweit Poems 170, I lose the drearness Of 
the Present. G. Mereprrn of our Cong. II. xi. 
270 The scene striking him drearly, 


Drearihead (drivrihed). arch. [See -EaD.] 

1. Sadness, sorrow ; =DREARINESS I. 

c1ago Gen. § Ex, 1122 So ist nu forwent mirie dale In to 
dririhed and in to bale. ¢1400 Romt. Rose 4728 Delite right 
fulle of , And dreried fulle of gladnesse. 1590 
Srenser /.Q. m1. i. 62 Suddein feare and ghastly drerihedd. 
Jbid. 11. ii, 30 What evill plight Hath..with sad drearyhead 
Chaun; thy lively ay Lioyp Progr. Envy 
Poet. Wks. 1774 I. 138 Fit ior melancholy dreary- 
head. 1870 re fe se Earthly Par. U1. 1v.g2 Cast somewhat 
he friend, thy drearyhead. 

Dismalness, gloominess ; = DREARINESS 2. 

1591 Srenser Muiofotmos 347 She grew to hideous poe 
of dryrihed. 1647 H. Mess ing of soul 1. it. xi, If't [tl 
sun) r In rounder shape with skouling 
1865 @ Macponatp A. Fordes vii, Other sound there was 


none in this land of d } 
Drea‘rihood. [f. as prec. +-Hoob.] =prec. 
7 H. More Se Soud u. i, 1. vi, Particular visibles 
deat Grearphood Can seiz upon, 1817 Scorr Harold the 
Dauntless Introd., The any n knows such dreari- 
hood When bursts in deluge the autumnal rain, 1868 
152 So all men. . Forgat him 


T. S) Il. 280 
1898 


Dreoriglice wepende. axzaag Leg. Kath. most... 
3ef pu nult nawt, dreoriliche deca, 1300 Cursor M, 
22188 Sipen drerili to dei. axzqgoo Relig. Pieces fr. 
Thornton MS. (1867) 31 We. .becomes dreryly to 
deuelle. x PENSER Sheph. Cal. Feb. 45 Breme 
inter .. Drerily shooting his darte. 1836 W. 


Irvine Astoria II. 207 month of December set in 
drearily, 1856 Kane Arct, Zxfl. I. ix. 99 A flower-growth 


DREARIMENT. 


~rarily Arctic in its type. 1885 Manch,. Exam. 22 Feb. 
5/6 One Irish member succeeded another, and went drearily 
over the same ground. 

Dreariment (drivrimént). arch. [A Spen- 
serian irreg. formation from dreary: cf. merriment, 
of about the same age.}] Dreary or dismal con- 
dition, or the expression of it. 

1579 Srenser Sheph. Cal. Nov. 36 Sing of sorrowe and 
deatnes dreeriment (Gloss. dreery and heauy cheere]. 1591 
— Ruins Time 158 Mourne my fall with dolefull dreriment. 
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. 1 Let some part of thy diuine 
dreariment liue againe in mine eyes. 1607 WALKINGTON 
Opt. Glasse iv. 28 Bacchus is a wise Collegian, who admits 
meriment, and expels dreriment. 1633 P. Fretcuer Purple 
Isl. 11, xviii, The Cloudie Isle with hellish dreeriment 
Would soon be fill’d. 1867 Carotine Soutuey Poet. Wks. 
110 There lay in helpless dreariment The Master loved so 
well. 1867 Morris Yason x. 82. . 

Dreariness (drie'rinés). [f. Dreary a. + 
-NESS.] The quality or state of being dreary. 

+1. Sadness, sorrowfulness, dolefulness. Obs. 
(exc. as influenced by 2: ‘desolate sadness’). 

axooo Greg. Dial. MS. Hatt. 5a, 8 (Bosw.) Gif he ne 

ehulpe hire sarlican dreorinysse. ¢1340 Cursor M. 22667 
Fairf.) For drerines pai salle be drad. 1382 Wyctiir 
Ecclus, iv. 8 Bowe doun to the pore thin ere without drery- 
nesse. 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3221 Drerynesse trembling 
and drede cristis threfolde Orisoune. 1596 DatrymrLe 
tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1. 197 He fand her lyeng..in 
dreirrines, lamentatioune, and mourneng sair. 1863 Geo. 
Extot Romola 1. v, She looked with a sad dreariness in her 
young face at the lifeless objects around her. 

2. a. Dismalness, desolateness, gloom. b. Op- 
pressively uninteresting character. 

1727 Bai.ey vol. II., Dreeriness, dismalness. 1775 JOHN- 
son Fourn. W. Islands Wks. X. 354 Passing on through 
the dreariness of solitude. 1856 Kane Grinnell Exp. 1. 472 
‘The dreariness of Greenland. 1686 A thenzum 30 Oct. 562/3 
The. .incessant and. .gratuitous dreariness of the story. 

+ Drearring. Ods. rare! [A Spenserian irreg. 
formation from drear, dreary.] Sorrowing ; grief. 

1sgx Spenser Daphn. 189 All were my selfe, through 
grief, in deadly drearing. — 2 ; ’ 

arisome (drierisim), a. Chiefly dial. [f. 
next +-SoME.] Ofa dreary character ; lonely and 
desolate. 

1633 W. Strutuer True Hapines 143 Under that drearie- 
some widowhood of our soule. 1828 Craven Dialect, 
Drearisome, dreary, solitary. 1 Baruam Jngol. Leg., 
Witches’ Frolic, Who roams the old ruins this drearysome 
night? 1877 Bracxmore Lvema i, That wearisome, dreari- 
some, panionable company. 

Dreary (drivri), a Forms: 1 dreériz, 2 
droriz, 2-6 dreri(e, -y, 3 dreori (drori), 3-5 
druri, -y, (4 drwry, 4-5 drewry(e), 4-8 dreeri, 

‘ey, Sc. dreiri, (6 driery, driry, dryrye), 6- 
dreary. [OE. dréoriz gory, bloody, sorrowful, 
sad, f. dréor gore, falling blood, app. :—OTeut. 
type *dreuzo-z; in ablaut relation to OS. drér, 
OHG. trér gore, blood (:—*drazz0-z), and to ON. 
dreyré (:-drauzon-) gore, blood, whence dreyrigr 
gory, bloody. Generally referred to the verbal 
ablaut stem *dreuz-, OE. dréosan to drop, fall. 
To the same verbal root is ultimately referred 
OUHG. *trf@rac, MHG. triirec, Ger. traurig sorrow- 
ful, sad, which is thus remotely connected in 
derivation with dréoriz, dreary.] 

+1. Gory, bloody. Ods. 

In OE.; the later instances are doubtful, and may belong 


to 2. 

Beowulf (Th.) 2838 Weter stod dreoriz and gedrefed. 
1300 Cursor M. 22462 (Cott.) A blodi rain, a dreri drift. 
1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. vi. 45 With their drery wounds, and 
bloody gore. ; 5 

+ 2.. Cruel, dire, horrid, grievous. Ods. 

1000 Guthlac 1085 (Gr.) Pam ic georne gzst-zerynum in 
pas dreorgan tid jum cwemde mode and mzgne. @ 1225 
Ancr. R. 106 Te Giws dutten .. his deorewurde mud mid 
hore dreori fustes. a1300 Cursor M. 214 (Cott.) Pe dreri 
days fiueten bat sal cum for-wit domes day. c1440 York 
Myst.x\vi. 158 What drerye destonye me drew fro bat dede ! 
1600 Haxtuyr Voy. III. 41 (R:) To ease the ship’s sides 
from the great and driry strokes of the yce. 

3. Of persons, their actions, state, aspect, etc. : 
Full of sadness or melancholy; sad, doleful, 
melancholy; in late use, influenced by 4. Ods. or 
arch. 

c1000 /Etrric Gen. xliv. 14 Hig wurdon swipe dreorize. 
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 97 He ifrefrad pa drfelorizan. 1315 
SHOREHAM Bla was thy mone. x40 Hampote Pr. 
Consc. 145 ow es he blithe, now es he drery. i 
Cnaucer Clerk's T. 458 Al drery was his cheere and his 
lookyng. a 1400-50 Alexander 2989 Sire Dary as a drery 
man duellis at hame. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 277 
Of his deid moir drerie wes ilk man. ¢ 1565 Linvesay (Pits- 
cottie) Chron, Scot. (1728) 17 With sad, driry and quiet 
countenance. 1587 Turserv. Trag. 7. (1837) 53 The deaw 
that from thine eyes and drearie cheekes do flow. 1613 
Purcuas Pilgrimage (1614) 822 Singing drerie lamentations. 
1637 Rutuerrorp Lett. (1862) I. 224 Come and fetch the 

passenger. 1742 SHENSTONE Schoolmistress 227 He, 
dreary caitiff! pines. 1844 Mrs. Browninc Lay of Brown 
R tv. i, Only I am dreary ; And, mother, of my dreari- 
ness, behold me very weary. 

4. Dismal, gloomy; repulsively dull or unin- 
teresting. (The ordinary current sense : app. a later 
weakening of 2.) 

1667 Mitton P. LZ, 1. 180 Seest thou yon dreary Plain.. 
The seat of desolation, voyd of light? 1718 Prior Power 

Vou, IIT, 


657 


gor In chains of craggy hill, or og te of dreary coast, 1781 
x1BBON Dec?. & /. II. Ixii. 560 At the dreary prospect of 
solitude and ruin. 1838 Dickens Left. (1880) 1, 8 A 
house standing alone in the midst of a dreary moor, 1842 
Tennyson Locksley Hall 114 The light of London flaring 
like a dreary dawn, 1871 L. Steenen Playgr. Eur, ii. 
(1894) 48 It sounds a very faded and dreary commonplace. 
1884 Manch. Exam. 14 May 5/3 The customs which made 
Sunday the dreariest day in the week are changing. J/a?. 
A dreary speech by a dreary orator. 

5. Comb., as + dreary-mood, dreary-souled, adjs. 

a1000 C#dmon’s Gen. 2798 Draf of wicum dreorizmod, 
c¢x2z00 Ormin 6541 Herode King Wass dreri3mod and 
dreofedd. ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 1103 Pan set he him doun 
drurymode & dropede for hure sake, 1818 MitMAN Samor 
97 Dreary-soul’d Barbarians. 

+ Drearry, v. Ods. In 1 dredrzian, 4 dreri. 
r prec. adj.] a. zr. To be dreary. (Only OF.) 
. trans. To make dreary, sadden. (Only ME.) 
c1000 Ruine 30 (Bosw.) Das hofu dreorgziap. a 1300 £. 2. 

Psalter xxxvii. 7 Alle dai dreried I in-went. 

Dreche: see Dretcu v. 

Dred(e, etc., obs. form of DreaD, etc. 

Dreddour, dreder, var. DrREADOUR. 

Dredge (dredz), 5.1 Forms: 5-6 dreg, 7 
dridge, 8 drudge, 7~- dredge. [Of this, and the 
associated verb, the Sc. form deg is found ¢ 1500, 
and in comb. in dreg-oat 1471; the Eng. form 
dredge appears (in the vb.) in 1576. (Cf. Sc. seg 
=sedge, etc.). The sb.’ corresponds to mod.Du. 
dreg, in 16th c. dregghe, dregge ‘harpago ; verri- 
culum, euerriculum, Angl. dragge’ Kilian, LG. 
dregge a dredge, F. dretge, drége (for oysters), 1584 
in Hatz.-Darm. These continental words are perh. 
from English; and our word a derivative of the 
stem of Drac v. The forms dreg, dredge, suggest 
an OE. type *drecg or *drecge from *dragjo-, 761. 
The variants dradge, drudge, dridge appear to be 
perversions under the influence of other words.] 

An instrument for collecting and bringing up 
objects from the bed of a river, the sea, etc., by 
dragging along the bottom ; usually consisting of 
an iron frame with a net, bag, bucket, or other 
receptacle attached. a. orzy. A drag-net for taking 
oysters, used also in pearl-fishing, etc. b. More 
recently, An apparatus for collecting marine ob- 
jects for scientific investigation. ¢. A dredger for 
clearing the beds of rivers and navigable waters. 

1471 implied in dredge-boat: see b. [1561 Even Arte 
| Bag Pref, p ivb. Fyshermen that go a trawlyng for 

yshe in Catches or mongers, and dradgies for Oysters 
about the sandes.] 1602 Carew Corawall 30b, The oysters 
. hauea peculiar dredge, which isa thick strong net, fastned 
to three spils of iron, and drawne at the boates sterne. 1626 
Capt. Smitu Accid. Yng. Seamen 30 To the boate or skiffe 
belongs ..adridge. 1709 Loud. Gaz. No. 4510/7 The Hoy 
Burthen 9 or 10 Tun..two Drudges in her with Ropes to 
them. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 464 Mr. Culver..has 
constructed a Dock Drudge, which is a boat for clearing 
docks and removing bars in rivers. 1828 Stark Elem, 
Nat. Hist. 11. 172 Sponges brought up by the dredge. 1861 
Gem £. Forbes xv. 537 Cruising..with the dredge—an 
instrument which he first methodized as an implement of 
ra or research. jig. 1888 A. S. Witson Lyric of Hofe- 
less Love cxxvi. 360 Fancy casts her dredge in vain, To 
glean the secrets of the main. 

b. attrib. and Comb., as dredge-boat, -man, -net, 
-rope, -sump, -wood. Also Dredgeful, as much 
as a dredge will hold. 

1471 Burgh Rec. Edin. 16 Nov. (Rec. Soc.) (Jam, Supp.), 
Of ilk *dreg-boat and hand-lyne bot cummand in with fisch. 
1815 Scott Guy M. liv, I daresay the lugger’s taken..a 
dredge-boat might have taken her. 1883 Norman Presid. 
Addr, Tyneside Field Club 27 A*dredgeful of ‘ Globigerina 
Ooze’ from 2,435 fathoms, 1776 G. SempLe Building in 
Water 46 At low Water I set all the *Drudge and Water- 
men to that Corner. 1892 E. Reeves Homewd. Bound 160 
Most of the signal-house ge and dredge men along the 
canal seem French. 1875 W. McItwraitn Guide Wig- 
townshire 110 Persons skilled in *dredge-nets. 1773 fist. 
Brit. Dom. N. Amer. ui. xi. § 12. 217 [Whale-fishing] To the 
further end of this stick is fastened a tow-rope, called the 
*drudge-rope, of about fifteen fathom. 1851 GREENWELL 
Coal-trade Terms Northumb, & Durh. 24 *Dredge Sump, 
a reservoir through which a current of water is sometimes 
made to flow before passing to a pump, in order that any 
small stones or sludge may be retained. 

Dredge, 5.2 Forms: 4-7 drage, 5 drag- 
(g)eye, dragie, -gy, dragge, dregge, 5-6 drege, 
5— dradge, 6- dredge, (7 drag). 8. 5 dragett. 
[Late ME. dragie,dragé, dragett, a. OF .dragie, 
dragee, mod.¥. dragée, in Pr. and Sp. dragea, Sp., 
Pg. gragea, It. treggéa (masc.), med.L. drageza, 
drageya, dragta, dragetum, and dragata; all sup- 
posed to derive in some way from L. ¢ragémata, 
a. Gr. Tpayjpara spices, condiments. In Eng. the 
final vowel became at length mute; the form 
ats tt directly represents med.L. dragétum.] 

+1. A sweetmeat ; a comfit containing a seed or 
grain of spice; a preparation made of a mixture of 
spices ; cf. DRaG&E, Obs. 

¢1350 Med. MS. in Archzol. XXX. 390 Y* sed is good 
fastende to ete, And ek in drage after mete. (977-06 see 
pee 1401-2 en, Ripon — oy i 4 
in j lib, dragge empt. 1402-3 dragy]. 14.. 

Cookry (Napier) 27 Cast on a dridge mad with hard yolks 


DREDGE. 


of eggs. c1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 454 
Make thenne a dragee of the yolkes of harde eyren broken. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 130/t Dragge (v.rr. dragy, dradge), 
dragetum. 1481-90 Howard Househ, Bhs. (Roxb.) 367 
ltem..payed for a box of drege xx. d. 1530 Patscr. 215/r 
Dradge, spyce, drvagee. 1 Puaer Regin. Lyfe (1560) 
I vj b, By eatyng of a litle dredge, made of anyse seede and 
coriander, 1601 Hottanp Pliny I]. 108 A drage or pouder 
of it [thyme] with salt, brings the appetite againe. 1616 
Surrt. & Marknu. Country F. 48 Take fasting a Dredge 
made of Annise, Fennell, Caraway, and Coriander seed. 

B. 1470-71 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) IL, Dragett. 

2. A mixture of various kinds of grain, esp, of 
oats and barley, sown together. Now dial. 

{In Fr. dragée is a mixture of pease, vetches, beans, lentils, 
sown as a forage crop.] 

{1309 in Kegistr. Alonast. de Winchelcumba (1892) 304 
Quatuor quarteria frumenti, et quatuor quarteria boni 
drageti.] 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 596 A/ixtilio, 
Draggeye. 14.. Metrical Voc. bid. 625 Dragetuit, 
draggé, mixtiliogue, medylde corne. ¢1440 romp. Larv. 
130/1 Dragge, menglyd corne (drage, or mestlyon, P.). 1533 
in Weaver Wedls Wills (1899) 55, ij quarters of barley and 1) 
of drege. 1573 T'usser //usé. xvi. (1878) 39 So arlie and 
dredge, with a plentifull hand. 1601 Hotianp Pdiny 1. 534 
As touching the drage called Ocymum..it is a kind of 
forage or prouender for horses. 1611 Birnie Yob xxiv. 6 
margin, Mingled corn or dredge. 1669 Wort.t1 ¥ 
Agric. (1681) 324 Dredge, Oats and Barley mixe 
Etwortuy IV, Somerset Word-bk., Dredge, mixed corn of 


several kinds, as oats, wheat, and barley sown together; 
done very commonly for game feed. 

Sig. 1603 Hoitaxn Plutarch's Mor. 108 (R.) Choler is a 
miscellane seed (as it were).. and a dredge, made of all the 


passions of the mind. 

3. Mining. Ore of a mixed quality intermediate 
between the rich and the worthless. 

1875 Ure's Dict. Arts I], 80 Detaching from each piece 


the inferior portions, and thus forming either prill or best 
dradge ore. 1875 J. H. Cottins Afctal Mining 111 A quan- 
tity of material of a mixed nature, called ‘dredge’, o1 
‘roughs’, or ‘rows’, is often separated, on the one hand 


from the rich ore, on the other from the worthless waste. 

4.. Comb., as dredge-box + (a) a box for holding 
dredges or comfits, etc., a drageoir; (4) = dredy- 
ing-box: see DREDGE v.2; dredge-malt, malt 
made of oats and barley; + dredge-powder, 
a powder of mixed spices, sugar, etc. 

1525 Lp. Berners /roiss. II. clvii. [cliii]. 434 Two “dredge 
boxes of golde. 1812 Cuatmers Let. in Life (1851) I. 293 
Eloquent upon her favourite subject of napery inventories 
and dredge-boxes. 1496-7 in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 
78/3 *Dregg malt. 1686 PLor Stafforidsh. 379 Mault of Oats, 


which mixt with that of barley, is call’d Dredg-mault. 1579 
LanouamM Gard. Health (1633) 363 A “dredge powder: take 
fine powder of Licoras and Anniseeds, of each one pound, 
suger candy to pound, pepper and ginger, of each two 


ounces; mixe them and vse it for most inward griefes. 

Dredge, v.' Also 6-7 dreg, dregge, 7-8 
drudge, 8druge. [Goes with Drence s0.'] 

1. ¢vans. To collect and bring up (oysters, etc.) 
by means of a dredge; to bring wf, fish wf, or 
clear away or out (any object) from the bottom 
of a river, etc. Also fig. 

1508 KennepiE Flyting w. Dunbar 379 Thou sailit to get 
a dowcare, for to dreg it, It lyis closit in a clout on Seland 
cost. 1570-6 LamparDe Perantb. Kent (1826) 234 South 
Yenlet, notorious also for great Oisters, that be dredged 
thereaboutes. 1659 E. Leicu Lug. Descr. 105 The salt 
savoury Oisters there dregged. a1705 Ray Sed. Rem. 272 
(L.) They dredge up from the bottom of the sea.. white 
coral, 1776G.SrmpLe Building in Water 34 We drudged 
all we could comeataway. 1851 T'aytor /provem. Tyne 77 
Dredging out silt. 1863 Kincstey Water Bab. vii. 265 You 
and I perhaps shall..dredge strange creatures such as man 
never saw before. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. xvii. 286 A stone 
celt which was dredged up from the Thames. 

2. intr. To make use of a dredge; to fish for 
(oysters, etc.), or to remove silt, etc. from the 
bottom of a river, etc., by means of a dredge. 

1681 Cotvit Whigs Supplic. (1751) 44 Some getting oyster- 
boats to dreg, Some making satires for to beg. 1711 Act g 
Anne c. 26 Such persons as shall use to fish or druge within 
the limits of the said Fishery as common Fishermen or Dru- 
germen. 1764 Piatt in Phil. Trans. LIV. 52 To use drag- 
nets as they do in drudging for oisters. 1863 LyELt Antiz. 
Man 18 Mud... obtained by dredging in the adjoining 
shallow water. 

3. trans. To clean out the bed or bottom of 
(a river, channel, harbour, etc.) by removing silt 
with a dredging apparatus. : : 

1844 Hull Dock Act 98 Repairing, altering, dredging, or 
improving the said docks. 1875 . H. Bennet Winter 
Medit. 1. viii. (ed. 2) 242 The government has dredged the 
magnificent old port, which had been allowed to fill up. 

Hence Dredged Z#/. a. 

1867 A. Barry Sir C. Barry vi. 158 The dredged bed of 
the river. 1894 Daily News 26 Nov. 5/3 Built in a dredged- 
out berth or dock. 

Dredge, v.2 Also 7 dreg, 7-9 drudge. [app. 
f. DREDGE sb.7] : 

1. trans. To sprinkle (anything) with powder, 
esp. flour ; orig. to sprinkle with some powdered 
mixture of sugar, spices, ete. Also fig. 

1596 Nase Saffron Walden * A continuat Tropologicall 
speach..all to bee-spiced and dredged with sentences and 
allegories. 16x Beaum. & Fi. Scornfud Lady u, iii, Burnt 
figs, dreg’d with meal and powdered sugar. a 1616 — Bloody 
Brother u.i. ad fin., My spice-box, gentlemen .. Dredge 
you a dish of powers: Guus. the art on’t. x750 E. Smiru 
Compl. Housew. 19 — it with a little flour. 185: D. 
Jerrotp S¢. Giles iv. 26 His. .hair was dredged ‘se 


DREDGER. 


2. To sprinkle (any powdered substance) over 
as me Also transf. 

8 Herrick Hesper., Pray & wir oh The spangling 
dov'aver'd o’re the grasse. 1741 Comp. Fam. Piece sy 98 
Dredge grated over it. 1853 Sover Pantroph. 288 
Serve, having. .dredged over them a little poppy seed. 

Hence Dre‘dging v0/. sb.; attrib. as dredging-box. 
1611 Cotcr., Rosti sanglant, a dredging with the powder 
of Hares bloud. 1709 W. Kinc Art of Cookery Let. v, 
Basting-ladles, dripping-pans, and drudging-boxes. 175 
Smotiett Per. Pic. (177 MV. Ixxxviii. 47 This all the flour 
in his drudging-box not n able to whiten. 
Beck's Florist Sept. 203 Sulphur is a well-known remedy, 
dusted on the leaves, while wet, from a dredging-box. 
, -8, obs. form of DRE«, -s, sé. 
er! (dre'dzar). Also 6 Sc. dregar, 
dregger, 8 drudger. [f. Drence v.!+-rR!.] 
1. One who uses a dredge ; esf., in early use, one 


who dredges oysters. 

1508 Dunsar Fiyting w. Kennedie 242 Rank beggar, ostir 
dregar, foule fleggar, in the flet. 1572 Lament. of Lady 
Scot. in Scot. Poems 16th C.11. 250 It is mair schame in burgh 
tose beggers Nor is it skaith in Crawmont to want dreggers. 
1 in Sprat Hist. R. Soc. 307 (Jod.) The oysters cast 
their spawn which the dredgers call their spats. 1723 
Lond. Gaz. No. 6196/8 Edmund North, late of Wakerin in 
Essex, Oyster-Drudger. 1882 Standard 18 Feb. 5/2 The 
Whitstable dredgers feed, but do not breed oysters. 1887 
Daily News 17 Feb. 7/2 The dragging up of the body by a 
dredger. .[with] his dredging apparatus. 

2. A boat employed in dredging for oysters. 

1600 Hax.uyr Voy. III. 586 (R.) We .. then had sight of 
a brigandine or a dredger, which the general tooke within 
one houres chase with his two barges. 1888 ub/ic Opinion 
(N.Y.) 15 Dec., The Maryland steamer .. has a two hours’ 
fight with a fleet of oyster pirates..and runs down two of 
the dredgers. ; 

3. A dredging machine : see quot. 1892. 

1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 29 A strangely shaped 
anchor brought up by the dredger the other day. 1871 
Daily News 30 June, Any tendency thereto [silting up] may 
be averted by the steady use of dredgers. 1 
Commission Gloss., Dredger, vessels fitted with iron buckets 
and machinery for deepening rivers or bars and keeping 
harbours or docks from filling up. 

Dre'dger”. Also drudger. [f. Drepcr v.* 
+-FR 1.) A box with a perforated lid for sprinkling 
powder over anything, as a flour-dredger. 

(In quot. 1666, some think = F. drageoir, OF. also 
drageur, ‘a comfet box of silver’, Cotgr.) 

1666 Perys Diary 2 Feb., To London .. and did carry 
home a silver drudger for = cupboard of plate. 1721 
Baitry, Dredger, a Flower Box. 1775 Asu, Dredger, 
Drudger .. the box out of which flower is thrown on roast 
meat. 1819 H. Busk Banguet u. 189 The drudger, salt-box, 
cullender and skewer. 

Dre‘dger-man. —Drepcer! 1. 

1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3182/3 Masters of Vessels, Fisher- 
men, Dredgermen, and other Seafaring Men. 1711 [see 
Drepce v.! 2). 1851-61 Mavuew Lond. Labour II. 165 
(Hoppe) The dredgermen, of the Thames, or river finders. 
1887 Daily News 27 July 6/3 It [a Fraternity at Faversham] 
consisted of free fishermen and dredgermen, who had the ex- 
clusive right to dredge and sell oysters within the hundred. 

Dredging, //. sb. [f. Drepce v.! + -1NG 1.) 
The action of the verb Drence!. 

1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea 227 In anno 1583..1 was at 
the dregging of pearle oysters after the manner we dregge 
oysters in England, 1764 Pratt in PAil. Trans. LIV. 52 
‘To use dragnets as they do in drudging for oisters. 1876 
Pace Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. xx. 414 So far as dredgings 
and soundings enable us to decide. 

b. concr, That which is dredged up. 

1881 Carpenter Microsc. xii. § 474 It is curious that these 
two forms should present themselves in the same dredging. 
1891 Law Reports Weekly Notes 120/1 Depositing thereon 
dredgings from the river. 

ce. attrib. and Comb., as dredging-bag, -engine, 
-gear, -iron, -machine, etc. 

1776 G. Sempce Building in Water 33 The Stones .. tore 
and totally destroyed our Drudging-bags. /éid.29 Drudging- 
engines. 1830 Mech. Mag. XIII. 64 The dredging- 
machines .. were invented and patented by a Mr. Israel 
Pownall in 1712. 1840 Evid. Hull Docks Com. 37 Excava- 
tion..done by the dredging-machine. 185x Offic. Catad. 
Gt. Exhib. V1. 600 Improved grappling or dredging-iron, 
for drawing from the water the bodies el punts thea 

Dredging, -box ; see Drepce v.* 

Dredgy, -ie, Sc. forms of Drxer, chiefly in 
sense 3, funeral feast. 

Dredour, var. DrEapourR. 

Dree (diz), v. Now Se. and north. dial. or 
arch, Forms: 1 dréogan, 2 dreojen, 2-5 dre- 
3e(n, 3 drehe(n, drezhenn (Orm.), 3-4 drize(n, 
3 drei(e, 3-9 drie, 4 drey(e, dry3(e, 4-5 
dregh(e, 4-6 drighe, dry(e, dre (5 dryee), 4- 
dree. /a.t. 1 dreaéz, dreéh, f/, drugon, 2-3 
dre3, 7/. druhen, drehen, 3 dreih, 4 drei3h, 
dre3h, drey3, drey, (drogh, drow, drie). 8. 
3 drehde, 4 dried, 5 dreghit, (6 Sc. dreit), 
5- dreed. /a. pple. 1-3 drozen, 2 idre3zen, 

drowen,(droun). 8. 5~ dreed. (OE. dréogan 
3rd sing. drichp, dryhd); a strong vb. of 2nd 
ablaut series, (OTeut. type *dreug-, draug-, drug-), 
elsewhere represented only by Gothic driugan to 
do military service (gadrauhts a soldier), and the 
ON. derivative vb. drjgja to ‘orm, perpetrate, 
lengthen, f. drjiig- enduring, lasting, ete. In the 


Labour | 


658 


13th c., a weak pa. t. is found, and the strong in- 
flexions do not occur after 1400. The verb has 
lived on in Sc. and north Eng. dialects, and has been 
revived as a literary archaism by Sir Walter Scott 
and his imitators. 

In ME. there was some tendency to confuse dree and 
draw, arising prob. from form-association of —y drigh, 
drow, pa. t. of draw, with druzen, pl. of pa. t., drozen, 
drowen pa. pple., of dree. Hence drogh, drow occur for 
dre3, dreigh;, see ae sairy A uv ) per — i 

c1340 Cursor M. (Trin. ynne rey3e aftir 
bale (Laud MS. dre’ Gott. drow, Cott. drogh.)] 

+1. trans. To do, perform (service, duty, any one’s 
will) ; to commit (sin). Ods. 

¢1000 Ags. Ps.(Th.) liv. 8 Druzon bet on burgum, dzzes 
and nihtes. c 1000 Guthlac 386 Se pe a peodnes 
willan deghwam dreozed. ¢ 1175 Lamb, Hom. 23 Pa sun- 
fulle monne pe dre3ed a heore uuele werkes. c1200 Trin. 
Coll. Hom. 37, pe wapmen and wimmen be hordom drien. 
Ibid. 191 Neddre dod pre ping lichamliche .. pe be deuel 
drize8 gostliche. 

2. To endure, undergo, suffer, bear (something 
burdensome, grievous, or painful). 

axooo Czdmon's Exod. 2978 Seo mengzeo fasten dreah 
fela missera. a 1200 Moral Ode'288 Al pat man mai here 
dreojen [v7.7 drie]. a 1225 Ancr. R. 136 Uor be luue of him 
pet dreih more uor be. /did. 356 Wouh of scheome pet 
mon drihd. c1230 Hali Meid. 37 Hare weanen pat ure 
alre modres drehden on us seluen. a 1300 Cursor AM. 23225 
(Cott.) Pe thrid pine es hard to drei[v.77. drie, dre3e, dreye]. 
¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 2660 He telde hire the sorewe that 
he dregh. c1400 Nov. Rose 3115 For peynes gret, disese 
and thought, Fro day to day he doth me drye.  c¢ s400 
Melayne 1055 Pity the dole we dree for thee. 1513 DouGas 
AE neis Ww. x. heading, Quhat sorow dreis queyne Dido all 
the nycht. @1774 Fercusson Election Poems (1845) 40 
His buik has dree'd a sair, sair fa’. 1848 Mrs. GaskeLt 
M. Barton xxv, To dree all the cruel slander they'll put 
upon him. 1855 Browninc O/d Pictures in Florence xxv, 
While their pictures dree Such doom. 

+b. with zxf. or subord. cl. Obs. 

1300 Cursor M. 1300 (Gétt.) Langer to liue may he 
noght drei. ¢1330 Avug of ars 235, 1 nul no lengor drye 
‘That Cristene men schul for me dye. 1460 Lybeaus Disc. 
oso (R.) Never they ne seygh Man that myghte dreygh To 
justy wyth Gyffroun. 

c. Zo dree one’s weird: to endure one’s fate, 
suffer or submit to one’s destiny. avch. 

13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1224 In dongoun be don to dreze 
per his wyrdes. ?¢ 1485 Prophecy of Waldhaue in Whole 
Prophecié of Scotland (1603) Cjb, Heere in wildernes 
I dwell, my weird for to dree. 1816 Scott Antig. xxxii, 
‘Ohon! we're dreeing a sair weird; we hae had a heavy 
dispensation.’ 1886 Mrs. Lynn Linton Pasfon Carew xxxv, 
French must dree his weird as a brave man should. 

+d. intr. To suffer. Obs. 

a1605 Montcomerie Misc. Poems xvi. 5 Of duill and 
dolour so I dry. 

8. trans. To do, perform, suffer (penance, shrift). 
arch. 

c1175 Lamt. Hon, 51 Er he hefde idrezen pet scrift. 
a1300 Cursor M, 496 (Cott.) Pai_drei ful harde schrift. 
¢1330 R. Brunxe Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16613 He schulde 
go to Rome..penaunce to drye. c1420 Anturs of Arth. xi, 
God hase grauntut me grace, To dre my penawunse in this 
place. 1596 Dacrymrce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1x. 210 The 
slaers..sulde be banist to ffrance and drie thair pennance 
thair. 18120 Scotr Left. 30 Mar. (1894) I. 174, I was dreein 

nance for some undiscovered sin at a family party. 1 
NeEwMan Gerontinus v. 39 He dreed his penance age by age. 

4. intr. To endure, last, hold out, continue, 
Now Sc. and north. dial. 

a 1225 Yuliana 26 Six men beated hire hwil ha mahten 
drehen. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 1772 Fled as fast homward as 
fet mi3t drie. 1375 Barsour Bruce xvut. 53 Sall na man 
say. quhill I may dre, That strynth of men sall ger me fle. 
c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 156 (Symeon] Welle is me 
that I shalle dre Tylle I have sene hym with mynee. 1§70 
Levins Manip. 46/26 To Dree, last,durare. 1868 ATKINSON 
Cleveland Gloss., Dree, to endure, to last. x WADDELL 
Ps, \xxxviii. 15, 1..kenna nae langer how till dree. 

5. trans. To last through (time) ; to pass, spend, 
live (one’s life, days); esp. with the notion of 
endurance. Also with forth, out. Obs. or arch. 

c1250 Gen. & Ex. 2404 An hundred 3er..Haue ic her 
drozen in werlde wo, 1340-70 A//sau 242 With doole 
dried hee so his dayes, ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 5842 God lyf 
schalt hou drye. aghs Jas. Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 44 To drie 
Her voyage out. a1605 MontGomerie Misc. Poems vii. 1 
Drie furth the inch as thou hes done the span. 1805 
Last A/instr. 1. v, Would’st thou thy every future year In 
ceaseless prayer and penance drie. 

6. To ‘spin out’, protract. dial. 

1855 Ropinson Whitby Gloss., ‘He dreed a lang drone’, 
delivered a tiresome dissertation, 

Hence Dree‘ing vd/. sb. 

¢1350 Will, Palerne 919 For dre3ing of pis duel. 

Dree, sd. Sc. [f. Drez es The action of the 
verb DrexE; suffering, grief, trouble. (Mostly 
a modern archaism.) 

[ce 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 45 The first yere 
wedlokk is called pleve, The second bet and the thrid 
yere deye.] 187x Wappett Ps. xxvii. 5, I’ the day o’ dule 
an’ dree, fe R. Brivces Shorter Poems 1. 4 The half- 
moon, .Shrinketh her face of dree. 

Dree, dreigh (dri, drix), a. Now Sc. and 
north, dial. or arch. Forms; 3 drei3, drih, 
3-5 dre3, 4 drye, dry3, 4-5 drey, 5 dregh, 
drie, 5~ dreich, 6- dreigh, 7- dree, (8 dreech, 
dreegh, 8-9 driegh, 9 driche, driech). [ME. 
dre}, dregh:—OE, type *dréog, corresp. to ON. 


he 
drjigr enduring, lasting, substantial, rich 
(Sw. dryg heavy, long, large, rich, etc., Da. droit 
lasting, durable, great) ; from stem of DREE 

+1. ee, patient, inane Obs. 
¢ 1200 Trin. Coll, Hom. 49 Lomb is drih ping ot ee 
cuae Finer Virg. 34 Jbid. App. 256 Maide dreiz & 
itauc 


t. 
+2. Heavy, mighty, great; doughty, fierce. Obs. 


+ 


13.. £. E. Allit. P. In dry3 dred and 4 
ches EcLALS 0: ge Witney. wwe A tent 
cxgoo Destr. Troy i? Dreghi in arm And the 
— agree qi i eB key. .the os pe 

t orse. a 1400-50 Al der 5 dre3 
decle of palm died of his dukis handis. : 

3. a. Long; slow, tedious, wearisome ; 4 
difficult to surmount or get over, ‘stiff’, severe. 


b. Dreary, cheerless, doleful. 

c Destr. Troy 1622 The draghtes, the dyse, and 
dregh gaumes. /éid. 3320 Elan..driet the dropis of hir 
dregh teris. @ Alexander 4441 Zoure surfete of 


drinkis .. gers 3ow die or 3oure day many d: wyntir. 
1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 22 perof gn 2 wey to 
alliwell) A ryver 


drie. iba MS. Hari. 2252, fo. 118 ( 
brode and dreghe. 1597 Montcomente Cherrie & Slae 357 
The craige was vgly, stay and dreich. 1674 Ray N.C. 
Words 15 Dree: g, seeming tedious beyond expecta- 
tion, spoken of away. A hard bargainer, spoken sig; we 
1774 Fercusson Leith Races Poems (i845) 35 There’s 
lang and dreech contestin. 1794 Burns ‘ Vhere was a lass’ 
i, The moor was driegh, and Meg was skiegh. 1807 J. Stacc 
Poems 19 Six dree years Susan languish’d. 1818 Scort 
Hirt. Midl. xxix, *Our minny here's rather driech in the 
upgang.’ 1857 E. Waucu Lanc. Life 207 The rains are 
heavy and dree upon Ashworth moors. 1886 STEVENSON 
Kidnapped xxiii, ‘My life is a bit driegh..1 see little 
company’. 

+4. At a tedious distance, far off. Ods. rare. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12205 Pe lasse hil 
was nought so drey ffro be more, but euene ney. 

Dree, dreigh, adv. Obs. or dial. [ME. dreje:— 
OE. type *dréoge. 

+1. Heavily, severely, mightily, vehemently. Ods. 

c1320 Sir Tristr. 3035 louest tristrem dreije. cx 
ine Gr. Knt. 2663 Kei hit [weapon] dryuen Gaeumtes 
dre3 as he atled, Per hade ben of his dynt. c1420 
Anturs of Arth, (Irel.) x1 Querto draues thou so dre3ghe? 

2. Persistently, ‘ doggedly’. dia/. 

1844 S. Bamrorp Life of Radical 110 The rain having set 
in dree. 1865 E. WavcH Lanc, Songs 7 Th’ rain’s comin’ 
deawn very dree. 

reed, ols. form of DREAD, 

Dree’-draw. An implement used in illegal 
fishing, being a ‘stroke-haul’, q.v., fastened to 
a line reaching across a river, and held by a man 
at each end. 

1850 Act 13 & 14 Victoria c. 88 § 40 It shall not be lawful 
..at any Season of the Year, to use for the of 
taking Fish any Otter, Lyster, Spear, Stroke! Dree 
Draw, or Gaff. 1866 Cork Constitution (newspr.) 12 Sept 
For that..each of you did illegally use a dree-draw or goft 
for the purpose of taking fish in .. the Bandon River. 

1, Sc. form of DRILL. 

Dree'ly, dreighly, adv. Now Sc, and north, 
dial, £ REE @. +-LY *.] 

+1. Heavily, mightily, vehemently, stiffly. Ods. 

13.. £. E, Allit. P, C. 235 Drof hem arlyeh 
depe. 13.. Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1026 Pay .. 

Daunsed ful dre3ly wyth dere carol ¢ 
Myst. (Surtees) 90 And thou drynk drely, in thy polle 


wylle it synk. ¢1475§ Rauf Coilzear 217 They 
dreichlie about. 
2. Slowly, persistently. dia/. 


1828 Craven Dialect, Dreely, slowly, though continuous, 
‘It rains dreely’, 1868 Hotme Lee 3. Godfrey xlvi. 251 
Father called thee dreely. 

Dreen, obs. and dial. form of DRAIN. 

Dreep, drepe (drip), v. Ods. or dial. [In Se. 
use, a dial, form of Drip v.; but the 15-16th c. 
English examples appear to represent the OE, 
strong vb. dréopan = Os. driopan, OHG. triofan, 
ON. drjipa:—OTeut. *dreup-, draup-, drup- to 
amp. See Drip, Drop.] 

intr. To fall in drom, to drip. 
. 6 S 


a 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) ]. 6 Dropa pe on pas eordan up 
on d c Soe Lo crt Ot Blan tn enn, 
mutacion, Now bright, now , now clere, now dreping. 
crqso St. Cuthbert (Surtees 3198 Pe terys oure hir face 
drepyd. 1571 Gotvinc Calvin on Ps. xxix. 4 The Rayne 

iv. War vy. in 


Hocc R Seto Win do Tie tthe gloamian 
: ae oe 
sl 9 Shap ton i rhe the lowering hill. § 

+2. To droop ; fig. to lose courage, grow faint. 

€1q00 Destr. Troy 10795 pai drepi in dole, ss batdegh shald, 
€ 1430 Loa, Attn, Poems x63, (Qiits) Atceatie SaaS 

dreepit! ie. 'e Shaks. 
sense Gavi, 06 On ne 

Dreeri, -y, obs. forms of DREARY, 

+ Dref, a. Obs. rare. [early ME. :—OE. *drée 
(:—drétjo-), secondary form of dréf (:—drébu-) : see 
Dror, and cf. OHG, truobi, Ger. triibe.] Trouble- 
some, vexatious, grievous. 

¢ 1250 bed £2,444 Yéouuda ae lef, ofte 


vt-wro3te hem sor3zes ’ 
Dref(f, obs. pa. t. and of DRIVE v. 
rete. @, obs. of DRIVEL. 


DREG. 


Dreful, -ly, obs. form of DREADFUL, -LY. 

Dreg, sb. Chiefly in pl. dregs (dregz). Forms: 
3-4 ge, 4- dreg, (6 dredge, 7 dregge) ; P/. 
4-7 dregges, (5 -is, -ys, dregys, 6 dragges), 
6-7 dreggs, 6- dregs (6-7 drags, dredges). 
[Probably from Norse: cf. Icel. dvegejar pl., Sw. 
drigg pl. dregs, lees. 

1, Usually pl.) The sediment of liquors; the 
more solid particles which settle at the bottom of 
a solution or other liquid ; grounds, lees, feculent 


matters. Also fig. 
a. E. E. Psalter \xxiv. 9 [Ixxv. 8] Drege in him [v. ». 
his t is littled; drinke sal al pa 


reg; Vulg. ied eius nog i 
sinfulle. 1377 Lanet. P. P/. B. x1x, 397 Whil I can selle 
Bothe dregges and draffe and drawe it at on hole, pikke ale 
and pinne ale. c1440 cars Parv. 131/2 Dreggys of oyle, 
amurca. 1579 Gosson Sch. Aduse (Arb.) 37 The drinke 
that they drawe [is] ouer-charged with dregges, 163% 
Gouce God's Arrows 1. xliii. 70 Much corruption lieth as 
dreggs at the bottome. 1x “ Berkevey Farther Th, on 
Tar-water Wks. 111. 493 t e dregs of tar are often foul. 
1809 Syp. Smith 7wo Vol. Serm. Il. 43 The bitterest 
dreg in the cup of God’s wrath. 1825 J. NicHoLtson Oferat. 
Mechanic 453 The other goes into a deep and narrow 
cistern, where the dreg again subsides. 1870 DickENs 
£. Drood viii, He flings the dregs of his wine at Edwin, 

b. phr. Zo drink, drain, etc. to the dregs, i.e. 
to the thick and turbid sediment: often fg. 

1709 Pore Ess. Crit. 545 The following licence of a 
Foreign reign Did all the dregs of bold Socinus drain. 1762 
Gotpsm. Crt, W. xcvii, This manner..of drawing off a 
subject, or a peculiar mode of writing to the dregs. 1795 
Sourney Vis, Maid Orleans 1. 260 Destined to drain the 
cup of bitterness, Even to its dregs. 1813 Scorr 7riern. 
Concl. i, To require of bard That to his dregs the tale 
should run. 1874 J. Sroucuton Ch. of Rev. xiil. 318 This 
strange mortal, who had drunk the dregs of Antinomianism. 

+2. transf. Feces, excrement, refuse, rubbish ; 
corrupt or defiling matters. Ods. 

azzoo E. LE. Psalter xxxix, 3 [x]. 2] Fra pe slogh of 
wrecchednes, And fra fen of dreg [Vulg. /ecis] pat es. 1607 
Torsett Four-/. Beasts (1658) 332 Because the guts be stopt 
with winde and dregges. 1668 Cutperrer & Cote Barthol. 
Anat. 1, xi. 26 The Dreggs or Excrements. .did lie lurking. 

3. fig. The most worthless part or parts; the base 
or useless residue ; the refuse or offscourings. 

1531 Etyor Gov. 1. xiv, They .. neuer tasted other but the 
fecis or dragges of the sayd noble doctrines. 1546 Supplic. 
Poore Com, (E. E. T.S.) 65 Symple creatures. .taken for the 
craages of the worlde, 1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor, 
358 Traditions of men: Mounckish vowes. .pilgrimages, and 
innumerable such dredge. 1675 TRAnERNE Chr. Ethics ix. 
121 Matter is the dreg of nature, and dead without power. 
1689 HickERINGILL Wks. (1716) II. 495 For us who live in 
the Dregs of Romulus [cf. L. iz Romuli fece). 1719 
YounG Revenge 11. i, Some dregs of ancient night not 
quite purg’d off. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. III. Ixi. 320 Low 
mechanics..the very dregs of the fanatics. 1876 C. M. 
Davies Unorth, Lond. 66 The very dregs of the population. 

4. Last remains, small remnant, residue. 

1577. Hotinsuep Hist. Scot. 490/1 Sore hurt. .in the arme 
with the dredge of a caliuer shot. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, 
1, iv, 124 Some certaine dregges of conscience are yet within 
mee, 1619 Mra. Buckum. in Fortesc. Papers 84, I will 
wash away that offence..and ifthere shall yet remayne any 
dregg of it. 1685 Burnet Life Bedell Pref. (L.), This iron 
age and dreg of time. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 11. 
208 A dreg of the Romish superstition. 1867 G. GILFILLAN 
bs ut. 76 The meteor . . left not e’en a trace or dreg behind. 

. The sequelze of a disease. 

1639 Futter Holy War tv. xi. (1647) 187 The remnant- 
dregs of his disease. 1824 Miss Ferrer /uher, xxvii, The 
dregs of the measles are a serious thing. 

5. sing. A small quantity or drop left ; hence, 
depreciatively, a small quantity or ‘ drop’. 

1819 SHELLEY Cyclops 579 Take it and drink it off; leave 
not a dreg. x82x Cariyte in Zarly Lett. (1886) 11. 10 
Make yourself a comfortable dreg. 

Hence Dre’gful a., full of dregs, dreggy ; Dre'g- 
less a., free from dregs. 

1552 Hutort, Dreggefull or full of dregges, amaricosus. 
1845 Lp. Campsett Chancellors (1857) I. xiii. 197 It passed, 
dregless, into the vat of our memory. 

+ Dreg, v. Ods. rare. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To 
make dreggy ; to render turbid as with dregs. 

1627-47 Fevtuam Resolves 1. xcv. 298 Our much use 
of strong Beere, and grosse Flesh, is a great occasion of 
dregging our spirits. 1812 Sporting Mag. XX XIX. 101 So 
was the finish of this scene dregged with dross. 

Dreg, obs. form of DREDGE. 

+Dregbaly. Ods. ?Enrror for *dvaghelly: a 
big belly, a person with a large paunch. 

1483 Cath. Angi. 108/1 A Dregbaly, agualiculus, porci est 
ventripotens, 

Dreggish (dre'gif), a. [f DreG sd, +-18H.] 
Of the nature of dregs or refuse ; affected by the 
presence of dregs. Also fig. Base, vile. 

1s6r T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ww. v. (1634) 535 Barbers, 
Cooks .. and such dreggish men, 1616 Surri. & Marxu. 
Country Farme 435 Not that which is in the bottome, 
because it is verie dreggish and filthie. 1716 M. Davies 
Athen. Brit. I. #6 The Clogging and Dreggish Men- 
struums of Galenick Electuaries. 

_Dreggy (dre'gi), a. [fas prec. +-y1.] Abound- 
ing in dregs or feces; of the nature or character 
of dregs; feculent ; foul, impure ; turbid, polluted. 

“Fag sa ie = Parv, 131/2 Dreggy. .or fulle of drestys, 
Se - 1574 Newton Health Mag. 48 Grapes leave 
much feculent and dreggie matter in the rede og 1657 
Physical Dict., The thinner parts are evaporated, and the 
remain black and dreggy. 1703 Moxon Mech. 


659 


Exerc. 105 Either Draggy or .. mingled with the Settlings 
of the Cask. 1883 Standard 19 May 6/2 Tallow. .fine, 425. 
..dark dreggy lots, 39s. 

b. trans. and fig. 

1593 Nasue Christ’s T. (1613) 59 ‘Twenty thousand of 
these dregey lees of Libertines. 1678 Cupwortu /nte//. 
Syst. 880 This earth .. the lowest and most dreggy part of 
the universe! 174x E. Poston Pratler (1747) I. 33 Old 
Age, or the dreggy Part of Life. 1862 Lowe. Biglow P. 
— 1890 II. 249 A dreggy hybrid of the basest bloods of 

urope. 

Hence Dre'ggily adv. ; Dre’gginess. - 

1607 TopsELL Serpents (1658) 778 Having but little earthy 
dragginesse and drossy refuse. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. 
Compit. 1. 51 The dregginess of the Ferment. 1876 
Whitney Sights § Jans. I. xxxv. 638 Dim city edges that 
dip drearily and dreggily to the brink. 

regh, dre3\h, dreh(e: see Drez, DREIGH. 

Dregs: see Drec sé. 

Dregy, var. dergie, obs. Sc. form of Direc. 

Drehte, pa. t. of Drercn v.1 

Drei, dreich, dreigh, dreih, obs. and dial. 
ff. Drege v. anda. Drei(e, obs. f. Dry. 

Dreid, obs. Sc. form of DrEeap. 

Dreien, dreihen, obs. forms of Draw v. 

Dreifle, obs. form of Drivet. 

+ Dreigh, dreich. 0¢s. Also 4 dreh, drehi, 
dreih, drei, drey, 4-5 dreghe, dre3(e, drijze. 
[? f. dreze, dregh, earlier form of DRrex a.] 

Long duration of space or time; length, 
distance, extent. 

?a1400 Morte Arth, 2916 And thus they drevene to be 
dede dukes and erles, Alle pe dreghe of le daye. c1400 
Destr. Trey 678 When the dregh was don of pe derke night. 
a1400-50 Alexander 4788, vii) daies be-dene be drize was, 
and mare, Or he mi3t couire to be copp fra be caue vndire. 

2. phr. A-, on-, (0-) dregh: at or to a distance, 
afar off; = A-DRIGH, q.v. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 21859 (Cott.) Bi takens ferr on drei Men 
wat it es command nei. ¢1470 Henry Wallace v. 1079 
Folow on dreich, giff that we mystir ocht. 1533 BELLENDEN 
Livy ut. (1822) 213 Throw ane signe that Quincius maid on 
dreich, the Romanis ischit fra thair tentis. 1715 Ramsay 
Christ's Kirk u. vi, He stood nae lang a-dreigh. 

3. Tediousness, annoyance. rare. 

a@ 1400-50 Alexander 5578 All pe dreze of pa deuels pai 
drenchid or pai past. 

+Dreight, dright. O’s. Also 4-5 dreght. 
[f. dreze, dreghe, DREE a. + -T.] = DREIGH 1. 

e400 Destr. Troy 10633 The day of pe dreight [was] 
dryuyn vppo long. @1400-50 Alexander 1112 Pe dre3t [v. ~ 
dro3t] of pi days. /déd. 4874 Pe driz3t of daies foure score. 
1557-75 Diurn. Occurrents (1833) 260 Thaj past throw the 
seynis..a dricht fra schote of the castell. 

Dreint, obs. pa. t. and pple. of DRENcH v. 

+Dre‘mels. Olds. [a deriv. of ME. drem-en 
to DREAM+-ELS.] A dream. 

1362 Lanci. P. Pl. A. vit. 138 pe Bible berep witnesse hou 
Daniel deuynede pe Dremels of a kyng. 1377 Lbid. B. vu. 
154. bid. x1. 14 How bat ymagynatyf in dremeles me 
tolde Of kynde and of his connynge. 

Drempt, obs. pa. t. of Dream v. 

Drench (drenf), sd. Forms: 1 drenc(e, 3 
dreene, drencche, drunch, 4 drenche, drenke, 
3-drench. [OE. drgnc draught, drink, drowning :— 
OTeut. *drayki-2, f. drayk- ablaut grade of 
driyk-an to Drink. Cf. Goth. dvaggk, dragk, OS. 
dranc, OHG, ¢tranch (Ger. trank) :—OTeut. *dray- 
kom, and OHG. trenka fem. :-OTeut. *draykjd.} 

+1. Drink; a draught. Ods. in general sense. 

2800 Corpus Gloss. 166 Antedo [antidotum), wyrtdrenc. 
cx1000 Coll, Monast. (Th.) 35 (Bosw.) Win nys drenc cilda. 
¢ 1205 Lay. 13435 Heo hafden dranc, heo hafden mete. 1340 
arenes 130 Per ne is noper king ne kuene pet ne ssel drinke 
of deabes drench. we 

2. spec.. A medicinal, soporific, or poisonous 
draught ; a potion. From 1600 often (after 3): A 
large draught or potion, or one forcibly given. 

crooo Sax, Leechd. Il. 56 Wyrc drenc ys hwostan. 
c10o00 Aiirric Hom, II. 158 Se drenc deadbeer was. 1297 
R. Grouc. (1724) 151 He 3ef hym a luper drench. ¢ 1380.57 
Ferumb, 1386 Sche fet him a drench bat noble was, & mad 
him drynk it warm. 1587 Turzerv. 7vag. 7’. (1837) 250 A 

oysoned drench. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. u. Wks. 
(Rid) 385/z A drench of sack At a good tavern .. Would 
cure him. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 11. 73 If the sleepy drench 
Of that forgetful Lake benumme not still. 1719 D'Urrey 
Pilis (1872) II. 327 This muddy Drench of Ale. 1859 R. 
F, Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl, Geog. Soc. XXIX. 286 
Girls are fattened to a vast bulk by drenches of curds and 
cream thickened with flour. 1868 Browninc Ring § Bh. u. 
953 Guido..Shook off the relics of his poison drench. 

rg. 1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 324 With concu- 
bynes and drenches of Baudrye, 1641 Mi.ton Animadv. 
(2851) 204 To diet their ignorance. .with the limited draught 
of a Mattin, and even song drench, 1891 E. H. Hickey 
in Athenzunt 24 Oct. 549/2 The sleepy drench of Time. 

8. A draught or dose of medicine administered 
to an animal. 

1 Hutorr, Drench or drynke for horse or other beast, 
saluiatum, 1601 Hoitann Pliny Il. 144 Poure this drench 
with an horne downe the throat of laboring jades. 1639 T’. 
bE Gray Compt. Horsem. 66 Administred by way of Drench 
to a horse. @1748 Watts Ontology x. ii. § 4 A farrier 
constrains him to take a drench, 1864 Knicur Passages 
Wrkg. Life I. ii. 151 No cattle-doctor would give a drench 
to a cow unless he consulted the table in the Eicateck: 

4. The act of drenching, soaking, or wetting’ 
thoroughly ; such a quantity as drenches, 


“ hirede gebohte 


DRENCH. 


1808 J. BARLow Columb. 1. 442 Wide over earth his annual 
freshet strays, And ichiand drains with lowland drench 
repays. 1850 BrowninG Christm. Eve, etc. 168 Quench The 
gin-shop’s light in hell’s grim drench. _1893 Barinc-GouLp 
Cheap Jack Z. V1. 114 A drench of rain. 

5. Tanning. A preparation in which skins are 
steeped. Cf. drenche-hive in 6. 

1853 C. Morrit Vanning, etc, 410 Skins. .undergo a steep- 
ing, for ten or fifteen days, in a fermenting mixture, or 
‘drench’, of forty pounds of bran and twenty gallons of water. 

6. Comd., as drench-horn, (orig. OE. drenc- 
horn a drinking horn), a horn used for giving 
a medicinal drench to animals; + drenche-kive, 
a drenching vat or tub (see sense 5). 

?¢ 1000 Cod. Dipl. 722 (Kemble) III. 361 (Bosw.) Ic geann 
into dere stowe done drenc-horn 6e ic er [4/S. er] at dam 
a1300 Sat. People Kildare xiv.in E. E. P. 
(1862) 155 Hail be 3¢ skinners wip 3ure drenche kiue, Who so 
smillip ber-to wo is him aliue. 1688 R. Horme Armoury 
ut. 325/2 The Farriers Drench Horn, 

Drench (drenf), v. Forms: 1 drencan, 2-5 
drenchen, 3-6 drenche, (4 drensche, dr(e)in- 
che, 4-5 drynche), 5- drench. /a. ¢. a. 1-3 
drencte, 2-5 dreint(e, 3 drengte, 3-6 dreynt(e, 
4 dreynkt(e, 5 drenkte, dreyncte, 5 draynt(e, 
drenckt, 6-7 drent(e. 8. 4-5 drenchid(e, -yd, 
4- drenched, 6-7 drencht. /a. pp/e.a. 1 drenct, 
2-§ dreint, etc., 6 drent, drint, drynt. B. 4- 
drenched, 6-7 drencht. [OE. drgncan=OS. 
drenkian (Du. drenken), OHG. trenchen (Ger. 
tranken), ON. drekkja:—drenkja (Sw. dranka) :— 
OTeut. *drayhzan, {. drayk, ablaut grade of drity- 
kan to drink, of which it is the causal derivative.] 

1. ¢rans. To make to drink ; to administer drink 
to; now sfec. to administer a draught of medicine 
in a forcible manner to (an animal). 

c1o0oo Ags. Ps. lix. [Ix.] 3 Du..hi..mid wynsume wine 
drenctest. a 1400-50 Alexander 1106 Pou sall be drenchid of 
a drinke a dra3te of vnsele. 1592 Danie Compl. Rosamond 
29 Wks. (1717) 54 Take it [i.e. poison], or I will drench you 
else by force. 1653 Hotcrorr Procopius, Vandal Wars u. 
55 The drink proceeding, and Gontharis being well drencht 
and grown bountifull, gave of his meats to the guard. 1672 
J. Lacy Dumb Lady 1. Dram. Wks. (1875) 21 I'll to the 
wood and drench a sick horse. 1756 Foote Eng. fr. Paris 
1. Wks, 1799 I. 106 Madam, drenched with a bumper, drops a 
curtesy, and departs. 1808 Scorr Marmz. v. xxii, A stranger 
maiden .. Had drenched him with a bev erare. 1894 
Datziet Dis, Dogs (ed. 3) 2 It is necessary to drench him. 

Jig. 1382 Wycur Deut. xxxii. 42, I shal drenche myn 
arewis in blood, and my swerd shal deuour flesh. 

+2. To submerge in water; to drown. Also ve. 
Obs. 

cr2z00 Trin. Coll. Hone. 175 Gif he ship findeb, he fonded 
to drenchen hit 3if he mai. c1zog Lay. 12111 Summe heo 
heom drengte in pere se deope. c¢ 1300 Havelok 561, I shal 
dreinchen him in pe se. c1386 Cuaucer Frankl. 7. 650 
‘They priuely been stirt in to a welle And dreynte [v. v7. 
drenkte, dreynt, dreinte] hem seluen. a@1q450 Aut. de la 
Tour (1868) 55 Nor no water shulde drenche her, nor fyre 
brenne her. 1590 Spenser /. Q. u. xii. 6 Condemned to be 
drent. 3162x G. SANpys Ovid's Met. vt. (1626) 165 And in 
the strangling waters drencht his child. 

Jig. ¢1630 Rispon Surv. Devon § 293 (1810) 302 The Dart 
drencheth itself into that river. 

+3. intr. To sink in water; to be drowned. Odés. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 100 Pe se biset ow al a boute .. 3e 
moweg.. drenche. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 
2008 fHe dreynte perin. 1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) m1. 1747 
Pat if pis flod we drench natt. @1547 Surrey in 7o¢fed/’s 
Misc. (Arb.) 16 Alas, now drencheth my swete fo. 1570 
Asp. PARKER Corr. (1853) 364, [ was like to have drenched 
in the midst of the Thames. 

Jig. 61374 Cuaucer 7roylus iv. 902 (930) Pough ye bobe 
in salte teris drenche [//ard. dreynte]. ¢c1385 — ZL. G. WH’. 
1919 Ariadne, And let hire drenche in sorwe & in distresse. 

4. trans. To wet thoroughly by immersion; to 
steep, soak, saturate. 

c1230 Hali Meid. 15 His earewen idrencte of an attri 
haliwei. c¢1420 Padlad. on Husb. 1. 370 Let drenche it for 
a tyme in water swete. 1589 Cocan Haven Health ccxiiii. 
(1636) 310 A..spunge drenched in white Vineger of Roses. 
1697 DrypEN Virg. Georg. 11. 680 Good Shepherds after 
Sheering drench their Sheep. 1719 YounG Bus7ris v. 1, I'll 
drench my sword in thy detested blood. et HERVEY 
Medit, (1818) 152 The nails, which were drenched in his 
sacred veins. 

b. Tanning. (See quots.) 

1853 C. Morrit 7anzning, etc. 413 The skins are. .drenched 
for some days in a fermenting bran-bath, 1885 H/arfer's 
Mag. Jan. 276/1 To ‘drench’ .. the hides are placed for six 
or eight hours in vats filled with a dissolved excrement, 
above which a line of large wooden .. wheels..in their 
revolution turn them over and over in the solution, 

5. Now esp. To wet through and through with 
liquid falling or thrown upon the object. 

1549-62 SternHoLp & H. Ps. cxxxiii. 343 It weat not 
Aaron’s head alone, but drencht his beard throughout. @ xo6 
Be. Hatt Rem. Wks.(1660) 53 Many fields have been drencht 
with blood. 1714 Gay 7vivia 1. 46 And Show’rs soon drench 
the Camlet’s cockled Grain, 1832 Tennyson Dream Fair 
Women 85 Dark wood-walks drench’d in dew, 18971 L. 
Sreruen Player. Eur. iv. (1894) 95 A thunderstorm drenched 
us during our descent. 1871 R. Extis Catud/us ci. 9 Drench’d 
in a brother’s tears, and weeping freshly, receives them. 

+6. Sg: To drown, immerse, plunge, overwhelm. 

cr. AucER Boeth. 1, metr. i, x (Camb. MS.) The 
Bic. howre pat is to seyn the deth hadde almost dreynt 
myn heued. ¢c1440 Gesta Rom. \xvi. 303 (Harl. MS.) He 
drenchith pe synner in Ivill thowtis. 1560 Rottanp Cr#. 

Venus 1. 83 He..was drint into dispair. ase Drant 

—2 


DRENCHED. 


Horace's Sat. iv. C, His sonne is drente in debte so deepe. 
@1628 Preston New Covt. (1630) 198 Men much drenched 
in worldly business. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 111. v1. i. 
45 Minds drenched with terror are easily deceived. 

Hence Drenched (drenft), AA/. a. 

c1340 Cursor M. 1886 (Trin.) A drenched beest. ant 
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 27 To drie their dre’ 
apparaile. 1660 Gaupen Dr. Brownrig 212 A drenched 
and almost drowned man. 1 Ha 's Mag. Jan. 276/1 
The drenched hides. .are. .worked overa beam. 

Drench: see DRENG. 

Dre‘ncher. [f. Drencu v.+-ER1!.] One who 
or that which drenches ; a drenching shower; an 
apparatus for administering a drench to a beast. 

1 Jounson, Drencher, 1. One that dips or steeps any 
thing. 2. One that gives 7 decaf ed force. Dict, 1892 
Pall Mall G, 22 Aug. 3/1 We have just had a drencher, and 
the main street... is swimming. 1 
Dogs 3 The medicine measure and drencher. .I invented. 

San i (dre‘nfin), vd/. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-ING !.] The action of DRENCH v., in various senses. 

1380 Wycuir Ws. (1880) 59 To saue a mannus bodi fro 
deb or dryncchyng. ¢1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's 7. 387 
Who kepte hire fro the drenchyng in the see? 1626 Bacon 
Sylva § 648 Malt in the Drenching will swell. 1870 Daily 
News 25 Nov., He gives them three drenchings of varnish. 

b. Comb., as drenching-horn, ee 

1639 ‘I’. pe Gray Compl. Horsemt. 106 Holding up his head 
with a cr, Staffe. 1 Dampier in PAil. Trans. 
XX. 50 If it be for any Cattel, it must be..given with a 
Drenching Horn. 1737 Ozer. Rabelais 11.64 A Drenching- 
horn serves to convey a Draught into a Horse’s Mouth. 

Dre‘nching, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG2.] 
That drenches or thoroughly wets ; soaking. 

1757 Gray Descent Odin 33 The drenching dews, and 
driving rain. 1860 TyNpALt G/ac. 1. xi. 292 We descended 
..amid drenching rain. 

Hence Dre‘nchingly adv. 

1880 Miss Brovcuton Sec. 7h. mi. vii, It is wet—oh, 
drenchingly, drowningly wet. 

Dreng (dren). £g. //ist. Also 1 drench, 
drengh, 3 drenche, dringche, 3-4 dring(e, Sv. 
6-8 dring. [OE. dreng, ON. drengr young man, 
lad, fellow, (Sw. dving man, servant, some one’s 
‘man’, Da. dreng boy, lad, apprentice). The 
modern word, had it survived in living use, would 
have been daring; but the OE. and Norse form 
dreng is retained by historical writers.] A free 
tenant (specially) in ancient Northumbria, holding 
by a tenure older than the Norman Conquest, the 
nature of which was partly military, partly servile. 
See Maitland, ‘Northumbrian Tenures’ in Ang. 
Hist. Rev. V. 632. 

a1000 Battle of Maldon 149 Forlet Sa drenga sum darod 
of handa, fleozan of folmum. 1086 Domesday Bk. 269», 
Hujus manerii [Neweton, Lanc.] aliam terram xv. homines 
uos drenchs vocabant pro xv. oris tenebant .. Modo sunt 
ibi vi. drenghs. cxrxoo Charter of Ranulph in Murray 
Dial. S.C. Scot. 22 note, R{anulfj bisceop reted wel alle 
his peines & drenges of Ealondscire & of Nene. 
cxa05 Lay. 12713 Androgien wes per king; vnder him wes 
moni hh dring. /éid. 14700 Drenches. a@1300 Cursor M. 
16022 (Cott.) All pai gadird o pe tun, bath freman and dring. 
¢3300 Havelok 2258 And siben drenges, and sipen thaynes, 
And siben knithes, and sipen sweynes. 1874 Stusss Const, 
Hist, § 96 (ed. 3) I. 262 Lanfranc..turned the drengs, the 
rent-paying tenants of his archiepiscopal estates, into knights 
for the defence of the ona 1890 F. W. Marttanp in 
Eng. Hist. Rev. V. 628 Under Richard I the thegns and 
drengs of Northumberland paid tallage. 

b. Contemptuously : A low or base fellow. Sc. 
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 278 Quhilk is. knawin for 
ane wrache or dring. a1605 Potwart Fiyting w. Mont- 

gomerie 796 Deid dring, dryd sting ! thou will hing but a 
sun3ie. 1799 SrrutTHERS 70 the Blackbird ix, The Captive 
o’ some dudron dring, Dull, fat an’ frowsy. 

Drengage (dre‘ngédz). Lng. Hist. [ad. med. 
L. drengagium, {. prec. + -agium, -AGE.] The 
tenure or service of a dreng. Also attrid. 

[cx250 Testa de Nevill. We Johnes de Hawilton tenet 
Hawilton Claverworth & Wytington in capite de domino 
Rege in drengagio. 1277 P. 6 Edw. J, B. R. Rot. 7 Dren- 
aoe - certum — -_ nemy Service de Chivaler.] 
1 OwELL Interpr. rengage, Dre ium, the 
Tenure by which the de held their tag 1890 F, 
W. Martianp in Eng. Hist. Rev. V. 626 Even in the 
fourteenth century the drengage tenants of the bishop of 
Durham were still nominally liable to do ‘ outward’. 

R. S. Fercuson Hist. Westmorid. 94 A mere trace 
Drengage is to be found in Cumberland, two tenants only, 
but it existed in Durham and Northumberland. 

6, obs. form of DRENCH. 

+Dre‘nkle,v. Os. Forms: a. 4drenkle, -kil, 

-kel; 8. 3~5 drinkel, drynkle; y. 4 dronkle. 
A frequentative derivative from stem of drink and 
drench :—OE. t pe le re The 
form dronkle, if not a misreading of drenkle, may 
represent a type *draykulojan; cf. drevel, dravel, 
DRIveEL.] 

1. trans. To submerge, drown. 

a, @1300 Cursor M. 1652 (Gott.), I sal baim drenkil 
(Cott. § Fairf. droun, Trin, drenche] in watir sone, /bid. 
2228 (Gitt.) ¢1330 R.’ Brunne Chron. (1810) 310 pe rayne... 
ran doun on be mountayns, & drenkled be playnes. 

B. cx12go Gen, § Ex. 2768 Egipte king .. de Se childre so 
drinkelen bead. 1447 Bokennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 75 En- 
chauntement..that ig may the not the see. 

y- x30 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) Four & tuente 
pousand in Temse alle at ones Wer dronkled, /éid, 288 In 
a Water stampe he was dronkled fleand, 


1894 H. Dauziet Dis. * 


| 


2. zntr. To suffer submersion or drawning. 

a, a1300 Cursor M, 1236 KGOe-1 Re drenkled all in noe 
flode. 14.. Songs & Carols 15th C. (Percy Soc.) 58 His 
bestes drenkelyd in every-dyche. a 

B. ax300 Cursor M. 1796 (Gott.) Pai drinklid ilkan. 

y. ¢1330 R. Brunne Cheon. (1810) 106 And dronkled by 
pe se side bop William and Richard. bid. 170 Pe schip bat 
was so grete it dronkled in the flode. 

+Drent, 7//. a. Obs. Also dreint, dreynt. 
[obs. pa. pple. of DrEncH v.] Drenched, drowned. 

ax310 in Wright Lyric P. xxxix. 111 He is dronke ase a 
dreynt mous. 1579 Spenser Sheph, Cal. Nov. 37 For deade 
is Dido, dead alas and drent. 

Dreof, obs. pa. t. of DRIVE v. 

Dreoghen, dreo3en, ols. forms of DREE v. 

Drepanid Syl iarn's Zool. [f. Gr. 5pénav-ov 
scythe +-1p.] A fish belonging to the Drepanide, 
a family of scombroid acanthopterygian fishes, the 
typical genus of which is Drepane, so called from 
its elongated falciform pectoral fins. 

From same source, Dre*paniform a., sickle- 
shaped, falciform. || Dre‘panis [mod.L.], a genus 
of birds; the sickle-billed sunbirds of the South 
Sea Islands. || Drepa‘nium, Zot. [mod.L.], ‘ Eich- 
ler’s term for a sickle-shaped cyme, in which the 
lateral axes are all in the median plane and spring 
from the upper side of the curved axis.’ Dre-panoid 
a., ‘scythe or sickle-shaped’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

+Drepe, 2. Ols. Forms: 1 drepan, 4-5 
drep(e. fa. ¢. 1 drep, drep, 4 drap, drop, 
dreped, 5 drepit. /a. pple. 1 drepen, dropen, 
5 drepit, -id. [A Common Tent. strong verb of 
ablaut series ¢, a, #, €; OF. drepan, = M. and 
mod.LG. drepan, drapan, MDu. drepfan to hit, 
strike, OHG. ¢refan, treffan (Ger. treffen), ON. 
drepa to strike, smite, kill (Sw. drapfa, Da, drebe, 
to kill, slay).] ‘vans. To strike, kill, overcome. 


Beowulf (Th. 3495 Under helm drepen. /d/d. 5753 Ponne 
ic sweorde drep ferh3-genidlan. a@1300 Cursor | agers 
(Cott.) Pat pou mai drep [v. 7. sle] me sum dere. a 1300 
E. E, Psalter xciii{i). 6 Step-childre pai drape al dai. cx 

Havelok 2229 He with his hend Ne drop him nouth, that 


DRESS. 


han i-dressed. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIL. 73 Gere- 
bertus dressed hym [se occu/uit] under a treen 
heng by pe armes. ¢ 1400 Melegne Vag Thay yy 


hym a dyademe. c 1530 Lp. BeRNers fs 
| (182 How Arthur dressed downe one of the corners o! 
b. Printing. See quot. ; 
Crass Zechnol. Dict., To Dress a Chase 
senate Ge pantentte keear aie 


| mining .. a line on which the rank .. is to be formed. 


sor fend. ¢1325 Body § Soul 259 in Map's Poents 343 The | 


deth so deolfulliche me drap. ¢1400 Destr. Trey 929 pis 
stone..drepit the dragon to the dethe i @ 1400-50 
Alexander 867, 1 did bot my deuize to drepe him. 

Hence + Dre‘ping v//. sb. ; also + Dre*per, one 
who kills ; a murderer. 

c1300 Havelok 2684 Per was swilk dreping of pe folk. 
a 1400-50 Alexander 3422 Pe drepars of Dary. 

Drepe, early form of DREEP v. 

Drere, -lie, Drerie, etc., obs. ff. DREAR, etc. 

+ Drese, v. Obs: rare. [OE. dréosan, to fall, go 
to ruin, pa. pple. (ge)droren, whence early ME. 
ydrore; a comm. Teut. yb. = OS. driosan, Goth. 
driusan, draus, drusum, drusan.] To fall. 

a1000 Phenix 34 Wastmas ne dreosad. [c127§ Lay. 
9245 Al he [Portcastre] gan to-drese.] 13.. Leg. of 
Gregorius 155 (Matz.) He was to dep ydrore. 

Dress (dres),v. Forms: 4 dresce, 4-6 dres, 
4-7 dresse, (5 drisse, drysse), 4~ dress. 8. 5 
dirse, dyrse, 9 north. derse. Fa. ¢. and pple. 
5-6 dreste, 4- dressed, drest. [a. OF. dresse-r 
(earlier drecier, drescer) to arrange=Pr. dressar, 
drecar, OSp. derezar, It. d(2)rizsare :-L. type 
*directidre, {. direct-us DIREct. 

I. To make straight or right; to bring into 
i order ; to array, make ready, prepare, tend. 
+1. wans. To make straight ; to erect, set up. 

13.. Coer de L. 2554 He dressyd hys bak unto the maste. 
1375 Barsour Bruce xvui. 372 Dressand vp ledderis douchtely. 
1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 28 Myne eres shall be dressed 
vp, to here his prayer. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 

6 That the gibet be dressed all hie yon the gate. 1530 

ALSGR. 528/2, I dresse, I set upryght. . Dresse this old ymage 


agaynst the wall. 1585 T. Wasnincton tr, Nicholay's Voy. 
u. ii, 73b, To dresse A the pavillion. [1892 Black 4 
White 22 Oct. 474/2 He..dressed his figure more 


uprightly.) ; 
+b. ref. and intr, To raise oneself, to rise. Ods. 
39-. Gam 0.00: 56 00 Ee. sees 8 skez 
erly hys armez. ¢1374 Cuaucer Troy/us ut. 22 (71) Troilus 
‘ gi hb hym vpward, 1481 Caxton Godfrey cxcviii. 288 
He dressyd hym on his steroppes. : 
+2. trans. To put (things) ‘straight’ or ‘to 
hts’ (Zit. and fig.) ; to set in order; to manage. 
Also with up. Obs. 
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 327 Wardeyns To 
lond and dres pe folk forto justise. ?a1400 Morte 
. 46 Danmarke he dryssede alle by drede of hym 
selvyne. 1570 Satir. Poems Reform. x. 117 All thing 3eid 
weill and wes weill drest, In..peace. 1672 Acc. Bk. Sir F. 
Foulis (1894) 9 To the wright .. for dressing some things 
about y* house, 
+b. To right, redress, remedy. Ods. 
c1560 A, Scorr Poems xx. 7 Scho. . ilk suld thy dolour 


dress, 
Resco oh to divide. Ods. 
Dresseth m 


+e. To _ * 
c Gamels londes among my son! 
gd str. Troy 2112 Till ho duly were ded & 


thre. c1400 
dressit in pesis. ¢ Liber Cocorum (1862) 21 Take 
onyons..And dresshe hom smalle, — 

+3. To place or set in position ; to put on (with 
a connotation of adjustment). Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7. 325 A coroun on hir heed thay 


ke} 
Ay 


1868 
Kinciake Crimea (1877) 111. i. 220 The battalion dressed 


its ranks with precision. 
trans. Evid. Hull Docks Com. 27 Pull down 
the whole front of the warehouses and dress them back. 
1859 F. A. Grirritus Artil. Man. (1862) 159 The subalterns 
“ and count rr line of tents. , 
. intr. To ‘form’ in proper a igrpen t. 

1796 Instr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 51 When marching in 
line, each squadron dresses to its own center. 1803 Compl. 
Drill Serjeant 10 At the word Dress, each man will cast 
his eyes to the point he is to dress to. 1853 SrocqueLer 
Milit. Encycl. s.v., Soldiers dress by one another in 
and the body collectively by some given object. 

transf. 1888 N. & Q. 7th Ser. V. 344 All that remains of 
the west sides of pe Free .is continued on the same plan 
as the brick house, dresses with it in height. 

+5. trans. To make ready or prepare for any 
purpose ; to order, arrange, draw up. Also with 
up. Obs. exc. as transf. from 7. 

13.. K. Adis. 479 Neptanabus Made so sorcerye, 
re dressed hit by the skye. 1382 Wycur Yokn i. 23 
Dresse 3¢ the wey of the Lord, as Ysaye .. seyde. a 1400 
Pistill of Susan 274 Nou pei dresse hire to dep. 1440 
York Myst. xxxvi. 240 A draughte..of drinke haue I dreste. 
41533 Lv. Berners Huon cxvii. 422 And dresse vp tubbes 
with water of the see, and halowe you it, and chrysten 
them therin. ax60g Montcomerte Minde's Melodie Ps. 
Ivii. 35 A ditche is drest For me—bot loe! my foes therein 


doe fall. 1676 Phil. Trans. XI. 681 Galilaus .. under- 
took to dress Tables of their Motions. 1 J. Brown 
Poetry & Mus. v. 50 There was neither History nor 


Philosophy .. but what was dressed by the Muses. 184 
Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 34 To employ ourselves 
dressing a few flies, 
+b. intr. To make arrangements, arrange. Obs. 

1596 Datrymece tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 445 He sendis 
Bischop Monluch ..to handle with her, and dres anent the 
transporteng of the armie frome the Jnglis bordouris, 

+6. ref. and intr. To prepare oneself, make 
ready; in many quots. coloured by sense 14, andso= 
to apply oneself, direct one’s skill or energies, turn 
the attention 40, Cf. Apress v. III. Oés. 

€1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T. 1002 Alla gan hym 
dresse, And eek his wyf, this Emperour to meete. ¢ 
Destr. Troy 5195 Pes drest for be dede and droghen to 
[bid. 8425 OF Andromaca drem I dresse me to telle. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 15 1) 67 Let vs dresse our selfe to 

‘0 forth souman ot ie 1596 Dacrymee tr. Les/ie's 

ist. Scot. vu. 75 The iltounis vrges the Douglas, 
to dres him for the morne. 


7. trans. To array, attire, or ‘ out’, with 
suitable clothing or raiment; to adorn or deck 
with apparel ; in later use often simply, to clothe. 
Pilger hey (we dew . art The sponse, bath 

ilgr. (Ww. +1531) 201 oe man’ 
onan to adorne ond Greens her. 16ax Burton Anat. Med, 
in, ii. 1, iii. (1676) a light housewife. .dressed like 
a May-lady. 2 . Cit. W. xiv, L was dressed after 
the fashion of Europe. Tuirtwaut Greece V1. xlvii. 
zor He..came out drest in white. Mrs. Carty.e 
Lett. \11. 319, I was up and dressed at seven. 

b. ref. (and pass.) To attire oneself with atten- 
tion to fashion or artistic effect ; spec. to put on the 
more elaborate costume proper for a dinner or 
evening party or for a ceremonial occasion; also, 
simply, to attire oneself, put on one’s clothes. 

wes . Jackson True Evang. T. ut. 99 Our Saviour..sets 
up little’ children as looking-glasses of to dresse 
ourselves in. 1667 Perys Diary 25 Mar., By and by comes 
Mr. Lowther and his wife and mine .. into a box, 
neither of them being dressed. 1749 Fietpinc Tom Yones 
xvi. xi, He had barely time left to dress himself. 1750 


ounson Rambler No. 27 ® 4 He was come back to 
imself for a ball. 1894 Barinc-Goutp itty 111. 9 He 
saw the lawyer dressing himself and shaving. 


¢. intr. in reflexive sense. 

5 Rowe Ub wre | 15 They..Dress'd at Her, danc’d, 
t, and.. that 5 

1710 But Lett. (767) II. 77 While I was dressing. 


1 Bauey (folio) s. v.. To dress at a ie 4 
adorn in order to, enamour ii abe affection a 


or 

1800 5 wit Pub, Fonds, or) IV. 23 
Wine he gets up in the moring et him Ceeoft in the 
sprucest st) 1802 G. Rose jes (1860) I. went 
BS fe cette Rig as Mek 
(842) UI Svan os “The ladies, .dress in blacks and dra 
er Date See une 6, 2 That otiea Ee 
‘ Cs ti 3 jon merely 
‘@. wens. Th dress up: to ate elaborscly, 
or in a manner appropriate to a or 
or toa which one aspires to play. 70 dress 

deck out with dress. Also intr, 


out (t forth): to 
for reft. 


ees 


_ DRESS. 


1674S. Vincent Gadlant’s Acad. 29 Being neatly and 
‘Taylor-like drest up. 1721 Berketey Prev. Ruin Gt. Brit, 
Wks. III. zor The direct way to ruin a man is to dress him 
up in fine clothes. 1749 Fieztpinc Tom Yones w. x, Dress 
forth his wenches in such. gaudy style. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. 
W. iv, Down came my wife and daughters, drest out in all 
their former splendour. 1876 TRevetyan Macauday I. i. 16 
The Frenchmen..dressed out with women’s gowns and 
petticoats. od. To dress up for private theatricals. 
e. transf. and fig. (of 7 and 7 d.) 

1615 J. Srernens Satyr. Ess. A viij, Such a most. busie 
Daw did seeme to dresse My Characters with saucinesse. 
1699 Benriey Pha. 162 A sort of Declamation, to dress up 
and to varnish the Story of Pausanias. 1725 Watrs Logic ut. 
iii. § 1 They-dress up the opinion of their adversary as they 
please. 1873 M. Arnotp Lit. § Dogma (1876) 315 Dressing 
the popular doctrine out with fine speculations. 

8. To array, equip; to adorn, deck ; also with 
out, + up. To dress a ship: to deck it out with 
flags, etc. Zo dress a (shop) window: to decorate 
it with goods artistically or attractively displayed. 

e400 Rowland § O. 362 Thay ..dressede hym in his 
armours. ¢1460 Play Sacram. 165, I haue dyamantis dere 
wourthy to dresse. 1530 Patscr. 528/2, I dressed my house 
gayly against my housbandes comynge home. 1648 Gace 

est Ind. viii. 23 The Chamber was richly dressed and 
hung with many pictures, and with hangings. 1769 FaLconer 
Dict. Marine (1789), Faire la Parade, to dress a ship, or to 
adorn her with flags. 1844 Dickens Christm. Carol 27 It was 
made plain enough, by the dressing of the shops, that here 
too it was Christmas time again. 1879 Sata Paris Herself 
Again I. xviii. 292 His windows are not yet ‘dressed’. 

b. To equip or provide (a play, etc.) with the 
appropriate costumes. 

1741 T. Betrerton Eng. Stage vi. 9 The Play..was acted 
before the Court and very richly Drest. 1881 Daily News 
12 Sept. 2/1 The opera will be newly dressed. 

ce. Arch. To decorate (a window, etc.) with 
mouldings or the like. Cf. DREssine vd/. sb. 4 e. 

1726 Lront Designs 5/2 The Windows of the upper 
Apartments are dressed. — Alberti’s Archit. Il. 57/2 
A door dressed after the manner of the Doric or Ionic Order. 

9. To treat (a person) ‘properly’, esp. (in 
ironical use) with deserved severity; hence, to give 
a thrashing or beating to, to chastise ; to reprimand 
severely, scold. Now usually with dow. (App. 
associated with 13 f, and kindred uses.) 

1423 Jas. I. Kingis Q. clxxiii, From day to day so sore 
here artow drest. 1§73 Satir. Poems Reform. x\. 268 The 
Apostillis..Reioysit that for Christ sa thay were drest. 
1679 Essex Freeholders 6 They dressed the Rogues... as 
they were never dressed in their lives. 1785 Sfanish 
Rivals 9 He would dress my jacket, an I were to tell him 
on’t. 1850 Bracke Zschylus 11. 302 So we say allegorically 
to ¢vim one handsomely, to dress him, when we mean to 


nish. 

10. To treat (a wounded man or his wounds) 
with remedies or curative appliances. 

1471 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 668 III. 3 He is 
hurt with an arow .. and I have sent hym a serjon, whyche 
hathe dressid hym. 1526 TinpaLe Luke x. 34 [He] brought 
hym to a commen ay and drest him. 1603 KNoLLES 
Hist. Turks (1638) 120 The wound. .had bin. .well dressed 
by the..Surgeons. 1758 J. S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. 
(1771) 149, I dressed him.. with the common Digestive. 
c18s0 Arab. Nis. (Rtldg.) 156 He had his wound dressed. 

ll. To treat or prepare (things) in some way 
proper to their nature or oo to subject to 
processes requisite for cleansing, purifying, trim- 
ming, smoothing, etc. See also 13. 

1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 225 For bynding 
gilding and dressing of a booke called Titus Livius. 1523 

1TZHERB. //2sb, § 132 Dresse the wode and bowe it clene. 
1535 Coverp. Exod. xxx. 7 Whan he dresseth the lampes. 
1559 Morwyne Zvonym. 15 Hoate oyles chymistically drest 
and prepared. 1696 De La Pryme Diary (Surtees) 85 As 
her father was dressing a great pond. .there was cast up out 
of it 60 or 80 little images. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. 
§ 239 The trenails having been Ls agpang dressed with a 
plane. 1802 Tvans. Soc. Arts XX. 277 These stones.. 
require to be.. oftener dressed than French Burr-stones. 
1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 302 The usual mode of 
dressing flour is to brush it through a cylinder clothed with 
wire. 1894 Labour Commission Gloss s.v. Dressing Lime, 
The slaked lime powder is passed through a sieve to remove 
coarse particles, and this operation is known as dressing 
lime. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 50/1 The surface. .is 
dressed with a little oxide. 

b. intr. = ? scigi 

1802 Naval Chron, 1X. 293 A rove-ash oar that will dress 
clean and light, is too pliant. 1854 H. Miter Sch. & Schm. 
(858) 269 It was a hard..stone, but dressed readily to pick 
and hammer. 

12. To take away or remove (anything) in the 
process of preparing, purifying or cleansing. 

ror C. Wottey Fru, in N. York (1860) 50 They fence .. 
their graves about..dressing the weeds from them. 1769 
Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 301 Kill your pig, 
dress off the hair. 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. bye ‘or 
the purpose of proc the remaining sand off it [a casting]. 
1858 Frnd. R. Agric. Soc. XIX. 1. 218 Vast quantities of the 

s of the cotton-plant are out of the cottons. 

18. Specific and technical uses. a. To prepare 
for use as food, by making ready to cook, or by 
cooking. Also zztr. = passive. 

13.. Coer de L. 3510 Or ye come the flesch was dressyd. 
€1430 Two Cookery-bks. 13 Put yn be Oystrys per-to, and 
dresse it forth, 1582 N, Licneriép tr. Casta’ ’s Cong. 
£. Ind. iv. 1ob, To dresse their meate with salt water. 1632 
Mitton L’ Allegro 86 Their savoury dinner. .Of herbs and 
other country messes, Which the neat-handed Phillis dresses. 
-T, Suermwan in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 163 We dress 
‘with carp sauce. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxxii, A very 


661 


genteel entertainment..dressed by Mr. Thornhill’s cook. 
1885 Manch. Exam. 28 May 5/1 The carcase of a.. cow 
dressed ready for sale. 

1806 Cudina 27 This dish will dress very well with the 
cheese of our own country. 1858 Frn/. R. Agric. Soc. XIX. 
1.75 Potatoes so grown..dress badly. 1895 Daily News 
12 Sept. 5/5 The sheep. .should dress about 75 lbs. each. 

b. To comb, brush, and do up (the hair). 

1sog Hawes Past. Pleas. xxx. vii, Her shining here so 
properly she dresses. 1663 Perys Diary 13 July, Her hair 
dressed @ la negligence. 1773 Jounson Let, Mrs. Thrale 
24 Sept., [She] dresses her head very high. . I wish her head- 
dress was lower. 1835 Tuirtwatt Greece I. viii. 333 He 
dressed his hair and crowned himself for a battle as others 
for a feast. — 

ec. To till, cultivate, prune, or tend (a field, 
garden, or plant); to treat wz/2 manure, etc. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 11 They laboured and 
dressed the vynyarde of god by holy werkes of fayth. 1593 
Suaks. Rich. Z/, ut. iv. 56 He had not so trim’d And drest 
his Land, as we this Garden. 1635 Pacitr Christianogr., 
Relig. Britons 36 Some wrought in the Gardens, others 
dressed the Orchards, 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iv. 
(1840) 93 In planting and dressing the Vines. 1821 Dwicur 
Trav. II. 343 Lands, dressed with gypsum, 1843 Frxd. RX. 
Agric. Soc. 1V. 1. 22 The leaves are allowed to rot and dress 
the ground. 188x Wuiteneap //ofs 8 Sets are cut in the 
early spring. .when the plants are dressed. 

Jig. 1651 Hopses Leviath. 1. xi. 51 This seed of Religion 
..to nourish, dresse, and forme it into Lawes. @1708 
Beveriwwce Priv. Th, 1. (1730) 72 St. Paul, who had 
planted a Church. .left him to dress and propagate it. 

d. To train or break in (a horse or other 
animal). Ods, 

c1400 Destr. Troy 6207 ‘Two dromoudarys drowe hit, 
dressit perfore. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, v. v. 80 That horse, 
that I so carefully haue drest. @1639 Worton in Rediy. 
Wotton. 157 Vhe great horse whom already dressed, no man 
can more skilfully manage, or better break if rough and 
furious. 1771 Berencer //is¢. Horsent. 1. 169 ‘They all 
having been carefully handled, dressed, or maneged. 

e. To groom or curry (a horse). 

1530 Patscr. 528/2 Hosteller, dresse my horse well, and 
thou shalte have a penny. 1614 Markunam Cheap Husé. 
(1623) 61 Dress your horse twice a day, when hee rests, and 
once when he travels. 1789 Mrs. Piozz1 Fourn. France I. 
Bes gentlemen have commonly a good horse under them, 

ut certainly a dressed one. 1870 Biaine Encycl. Kur. 
Sports 304 It is not only to remove dirt and to make the 
coat shine that we dress horses, but. .to ensure their health. 

f. To prepare and finish, as leather ; to curry. 

1sr1-12 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 10 Preamb., Whiche Ledder 
..the same persones corye and dresse in theyr owne houses. 
1607 TorsEtt Four. Beasts (1658) 113 The skins of Dogs 
are dressed for Gloves, and close Boots. 1791 Bosweti 
Fohnson (1831) II. 352, I observed them .. dressing shee 
skins. 1837 Wuittock Bh. 7'rades (1842) 173 In dressing 
leather. .the first operation on the skins is steeping them 
until they are thoroughly wetted. : 

g. To finish (textile fabrics), so as to give them 
anap, smooth surface, or gloss. 

1513-14 Act 5 Hek. VIII, c. 3 Preamb., Marchauntes 
should be bounden to dresse every white Cloth. .on this side 
the See after they have bought theym. 1530 Patscr. 528/2, 
I dresse an olde garment, I rayse the woll of it to make it 
seme newe agayne. 1570 Levins Manip. 84/33 To Dresse 
cloth, concinnare. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 235/2 
The white cloths. .sent to Holland to be dyed and dressed. 

h. To cleanse (corn) from chaff and the like. 

1635 QuarLes Embl. 11. x. (1718) 90 Teach me the skill To 
dress and chuse the corn, take those the chaff that will. 
1710 PripEaux Orig. 7ithes ii. 76 Corn Threshed, Winnowed, 
and Dressed. 1732 Acc. Workhouses 79 Vheir bread is 
wheat dressed down. 1851 Offic. Catal, Gt. Exhib. 1. 371 
A machine for dressing grain, being an improved winnowing 
machine. 

i. To prepare (ore) for smelting by the removal 
of the non-metallic portion. 

1753 CHAMBERS Cycl. Supp., Dressing of ores; the preparing 
of them as they come rough from the mine, for the working 
by fire. 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 161 Apparatus used 
for dressing the inferior copper ores. .for dressing the poorer 
portion of the mineral from the tye. 

II. To direct. , 

+14. trans. To make straight the course of (a 
person or thing); to turn or send in some given 
direction ; to direct, guide. (/é¢. and fig.) Oés. 

1325 Prose Psalter xxiv. [xxv.]5 Dresce me, Lord, in 
thy sothenesse. ¢1374 CuHaucer Boeth. 1. pr. vi. 110 
(Camb. MS.) God hym self..ordeynyp and dressyp alle 
fee togoode. 1382 Wyciir Mus. xxiv. 1 He. .dressynge 

is chere a3ens the deseert .. saw3 Irael in the tentis 
dwellynge. c1goo Melusine vi. 30 Yf you knowe not the 
way wel I shall dresse you to it. 1591 FLorio 2nd Fruites 
75, Lhad beene wisely drest, if.I had playd that Knight. 

refi. 1556 Aurelio & Isab. (1608) H iij, All her entreprises 
. -dressethe them all unto the dishoneste parte. 
+b. To reach or hold forth; to offer. Ods. 

1382 Wycur J/att. vii. 9 Who of 30u is a man, whom 3if 
his sone axe breed, wher he shal dresse to hym [1388 take 
hym] a stoon? — Luke xxiv. 30 He took bred, and 
blesside, and brac, and dresside to hem. ¢1430 Lypc. M/in. 
Poems (Percy Soc.) 9 Thes ladies gan her gyftes dresse. 

+15. ref and zztr. To direct one’s course; to 
betake oneself, repair ; to proceed, move, go. Ods. 

13.. Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 1415 Pe douthe dressed to pe wod. 
1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 951 To Grisilde agayn wol I me 
dresse. 1470-85 Matory Arthur iv. xviii, They dressyd to 
gyders and eyther gaf other suche strokes. 1rg00-20 Dunbar 
Poems \xxiii, 10 Dress fro desert, draw to thy dwelling- 

lace. 1513 DouGias nets x. x. 18 Syne baldly .. Agane 

neas can Tarquytus dres. 1572 Forrest Theophilus 1064 
in Anglia VII, Unto the besa he dreste him forth. 

+16. trans. To direct (spoken words or a written 


message) ¢o any one; to ADDRESS. Ods. 


DRESS. 


¢1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 242 (Matz.) Hir 
suster .. gan unto me dresse A wooful bille. ¢1449 Pecock 
Repr. Prol. 2 Vhese same wordis .. bi Seint Poul dressid to 
‘Thimothe..mowe weel ynow be. .dressid ferthir to ech lay 
persoon, cxseo Melusine ix. 38 A knyght .. dressed hys 
wordes toward her, & said [etc.]. 1664 /loddan F. ii. 17 His 
Letters fast he forth did 

Dress (dres), s¢./ [f. prec. vb.] 

+1. The act of dressing. Ods. 

ta. A setting ‘to rights’; redress. 

1565 in Tytler //7st. Scot. (1864) IIT. 404 The Earls. .haue 

received their dress, and so are in quiet. 
+ b. Conduct (/7¢, and fg. ) 

1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 434 To enter in the 
dresse of suche affaris. 1583 Satir. Poems Reform. x\v. 756 
Daylie we may se his dress, When Monseir gaid vnto his 
mess. 

+e. The act or fact of attiring or arraying oneself, 
esp. ornamentally. 

1739 G. OcLE Gualth, § Gris. 107 Be ever on the Dress, 
andonthe Rove. 1778 Miss Burney Eve/ina Ixxii, She and 
Mrs. Selwyn were gone up stairs to finish their dress. 

2. Personal attire or apparel: orig. that proper 
to some special rank or order of person, or to some 
ceremony or function; but, in later use, often 
merely: Clothing, costume, garb, esp. that part 
which is external and serves for adornment as well 
as for covering. 

Full dress (or, simply, ‘dress’): the more elaborate apparel 
proper to a public ceremony, a dinner, or an evening party. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. § Cd. 1. iv. 5 Till I shall see you in your 
Souldiers dresse. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 93 
‘The Merchants weare the ‘Turkish dresse. 1693 (az. & 
Conv. Town 35 Appeal'd to..in all nice points of Dress. 
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (J.), Full dress creates dignity, 
augments consciousness, and keeps at distance an encroacher. 
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xix, Your black silk frock will be 
quite dressenough. 1856 FroupEe Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. i. 15 
Dress .. was then the symbol of rank, prescribed by statute. 
1868 Daily News 8 Aug., The male dancers were in every 
variety of costume. .none, of course, in anything approaching 
to ‘dress’. @1876 G. Dawson 7. Ment. (1888) 249 History 
shows us people in full dress, biography shows them in 
undress, and diaries show them undressed. 

With @ and f/.: A suit of garments or a 
single external garment appropriate to some occa- 
sion when adornment is required ; now sfec. a lady's 
robe or gown made not merely to clothe but also 
to adorn. 

1638 Forp Fancies ut. iii, Your dresses blab your vanities ! 
171x Appison Sfect. No. 69 ® 4 The single Dress of a 
Woman of Quality is often the Product of a hundred 
Climates. 1773 Gotps. Stoops to Cong. u.i, Changing our 
travelling dresses in the morning. a@182x Keats Soxx. 
‘ Keen fitful gusts’, Lovely Laura in her light green dress. 
1857 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art i. (1868) 74 No good historical 
painting .. can exist, where the dresses of the people of the 
time are not beautiful. od. She has had a new silk dress 
for the occasion. 

ec. ¢ransf. An external covering and adornment, 
as the plumage of birds. d. fg. The outward 
form under which anything is presented. 

1618 CuapMaNn //esiod 1. 412 All the trim and dress Of 
those still-roaring-noise-resounding seas. 1661 BoyLe Style 
of Seript. (1675) 164 Eloquence, the dress of our thoughts. 
1713 Dernam Phys. Theol. wv. xii. (R.), Feathers are as 
commodious a dress to such as fly in the air, to birds, and 
some insects. 1797 Monthly Mag. Ill. 147 L’ Histoire 
secrette de la Revolution, which work will speedily appear 
in an English dress. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man u. xvi. 
(1888) 492 ‘The adults [birds] in their winter dress, 

3. Technical senses. 

ta. Dressing of a wound, etc. Ods. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 1. 76 In about six weeks 
from the first dress the Skull scaled. 1780 Cowrer Progr. 
Err, 299 Her form with dress and lotion they repair. 

tb. Arch. =Dressine vbl. sb. 4 e. Obs. 

1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 62/2 ‘The Arches must 
stand quite clear above the water : their dress may be taken 
from the Ionic or..the Doric Architrave. /did. 68/1 One 
principal door with all the dress of the door of a Temple. 

e. The arrangement of the furrows upon the 
surface of a millstone. 

1870 Eng. Mech. 11 Feb. 535/1 Care must be taken to put 
the dress [of millstones] in the right way. | 

d. Finish put upon anything to improve or set 
off its appearance; e.g. the stiffening of a fabric 
with starch, glue, size, or the like. 

1883 R. Hatpane Workshop Receipts Ser. u. 122 Boil 
or soak [the canvas] for an hour or so in a solution of soda 
and water to get out the ‘dress’. 

4. attrib.and Comb. a. Of, for, or pertaining to 
apparel, or to a woman’s dress, as dress-chamber, 
-cutting, -goods, -gown, -stlk, -skirt, -stand, etc. ; 
dress-guard, an appliance fixed to a vehicle or 
cycle to prevent injury to dress from the wheels; 
dress-improver, a pad, cushion, etc. at one time 
worn by women, to make the skirt stick out at the 
back; = Bustier sd.2 b. Characterized by, or pertain- 
ing to, ‘full dress’, asdvess-ball, -boots,-coat (whence 
dress-coated adj.), -dinner, -parade, -pumps, -shoes, 
-suit, -sword, -uniform, etc.; dress-circle, a cir- 
cular row of seats in a place of entertainment, the 
spectators in which were originally expected to 
be in dress-clothes; in a theatre, usually the gallery 
next above the floor. See also DRESS-MAKER, etc. 
Bays . Beresrorp Miseries Hum, Life (1826) xiv. 

uy 


Dress-ball—alias a public parade of finery, dull. - 


DRESSED. 


ness, and etiquette. 1845 Mrs. Cartyce Lef?. L. 341,1k 

my seat in the *dress circle. 1831 JANe Porter Sir Z. 
Seaward’s Narr. 11. 201 That our *dress-clothes should 
be brought home in time. Hawtnorne Fr. § /t. 
Frnis. 11. 138 *Dress-coats, such elegant f ities. 
1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz, New Year, As if we were di 

*dress-coated and ewer 1889 Daily News 18 July 3/5 
Mr. J. C. Horsley, R.A., afterwards pet Mh the students 
on *dress-cutting. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 51 The *dress-dinner generates a talent of 


table-talk. 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. xxxvii, Damage. .to 
*dress-gowns, in of its [a spaniel’s] untimely 
frolics. Westm. Gaz. 3 Sept. 8/1 [A] skirt .. short 


enough to clear cranks and pedals when the cyclist is seated, 
and make *dress-guards unnecessary. 1884 G. Moore Mum- 
mer's Wife (1887) 228 The skirts swung on the *dress- 
improvers., 1873 Hottanp A. Bonnic. xiii. 210 A sort of 
*dress parade Ki mediocrity. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Misertes 
Hum. Life (1826) xx.xlvili, A *dress-suit of clothes for a 
grand occasion. 1894 C. N. Rosinson Brit. Fleet 509 Physi- 
cians and secretaries wore a “dress sword with rapier blade. 


Dressed, drest (drest), #f/. a. [f. Dress v. 
+-ED!.] + Straightened (0ds.) ; prepared ; clothed, 
attired, etc.: see the verb. 

1382 Wyciir Lexke iii. 5 Schrewide thingis schulen be in to 
dressid thingis. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 99 
Delycates or deynty dressed meates. 1775 ADAIR Amer. 
Ind. 7 Shirts, made of drest deer-skins, 1793 J. WILLIAMS 
Life Ld. Barrymore (ed. 3) 20 We had a dressed rehearsal. 
1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 130 Specimens of dressed 
oilstones. 

Dresser ! (dre'so1) Also 5 -ore, -ur(e, 5-6 
-our(e, 7 -oir. [a. OF. dresseur, dreceur, drecgor 
( = mod.F. dressoir), f. dresser to Dress: cf. 
med.L. directorium ‘abacus, ministerium, ubi re- 
ponuntur vasa ad convivia’ (Du Cange).] 

1. A sideboard or table in a kitchen on which 
food is or was dressed ; formerly also, a table in 
a dining-room or hall, from which dishes were 
served, or on which plate was displayed. 

c 1420 Liber Cocornm (1862) 20 Powder dowce peron pou 
kast Stondande at dressore on pe last. 1g§.. in Blount Anc, 
Tenures 100 Upon Chrystemes day he .. shall go to the 
Dressour, and shall serve his Lordys messe. 1525 Lv. Ber- 
ners Frotss II. ccxxvii. [ccxxiii.] 710 All the. . plate of golde 
and syluer that was serued..in the palays at the dresser or 
elswhere. 1562 Leicu A rmorie (1597) 123 b, What meaneth 
this drumme, said I. Quod he, this 1s to warn gentlemen of 
houshold to repaire to the dresser. 1596 SHaks. 7am. 
Shr. wv. i. 166. 1608 S. Hizron A Defence i. 32 A dressoir 
whereon to marshall the dishes. 1719 De For Crusoe. v, I 
- set up some Pieces of Boards, like a Dresser, to order my 
Victuals upon. 

2. A kind of kitchen sideboard surmounted by 
rows of shelves on which plates, dishes, and 
kitchen utensils are ranged. 

1552 Hutoet, Cupborde or dresser, abacus. 1702 C. 
MatHer Magn. Chr. ww. ii. (1852) 47 It should not be 
fasten’d unto the wall, dresser-fashion. 1859 JEVvHSON 
Brittany x. 171 The dressers were covered with brilliant 
copper..vessels. 1882 Good Cheer 48 The old black dresser 
with its row of shining pewter at the top. 

+3. ?A table-cloth. Ods. rare. 

1571 Wills §& Inv. N.C. 360, J dresser of dyaper js. 

4. Comb., as + dresser-window; + dresser- 
board, the board or table of a dresser; + dresser- 
knife, a knife for dressing meat for the table. 

14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 580/41 Zscaria, dresserbord, 
Ibid. 594/15 Machera, a dressurcnyf. 1593 Kites & Mon. 

4. Durh. (Surtees) 69 Having their meat served out of the 
Dresser-windowe of the great Kitchen. 1676 Hones /liad 
(1677) 126 The meat ..on clean dresser-boards .. he sets. 

Dresser”. [f. Dress v.+-ER1.] One who 
or that which dresses. 

1. One who dresses (in various special and tech- 
nical senses: see DRESS v. 13, etc.). 

1sz0 Wuittinton Vudg. (1527) 16b, Shermen, dressers, 
carders and spynners. 1526-34 Tinpace Luke xiii. 7 The 
dresser of his vyneyarde. 1583 Stusses Anat. Abdus. u. 
(1882) 36 There is great abuse in the tanners, makers, 
curriers, and dressers of the same [leather]. 1819 Blachkw. 
Mag. V. 125 The most elegant dresser of a fly in Scotland. 
1865 J. T. F. Turner Slate Quarries 14 These sheets of 
slate are then to the ‘dressers’ or cutters. 

2. One who attires another ; esf. a tirewoman. 

ax6ag Frercuer Bloody Brother w. iii, Vie be my self 
thy dresser. 1631 Massincer Lmperor East u. i, Com- 
mand my dresser to adorn her with The robes that I gave 
command for. 1711 Swirt Frud. to Stella 18 Sept., Lchose 
to dine with Mrs. Hill, who is one of the dressers, and Mrs. 
Masham's sister. 1884 Mem. P'cess Alice 8 A former 
dresser of the Queen's. 

3. One who attires himself (or herself) elegantly, 
or in any way defined by the context. 

1679 Crowne Ambit. Statesm. u, He is no dresser, do 
but see how awkardly His damn'd crevat is tyed. 1778 
Mrs. Turace in Mad. D’Arblay Diary 23 Aug., I don't 
think Mrs. Burney a very good dresser, 1837 Lytron £. 
Maltrav. 49 Themost perfect dresser that even France could 
exhibit. @ 1847 Mrs. Suerwoop Lady of Manor III, xxi. 264 
Of all the dressers I ever saw, she is the worst. 

4. A surgeon’s assistant in a hospital, ete., whose 
duty it is to dress wounds, etc. 

i Bd uly) Minutes of Grand Committee St. Thomas's 
Hospital (MS.), An application was made to this Committee 
to receive a young man as ‘Pupil or Dresser’ in the Hospital. 
1758 (March) 76 . Resolved and ordered that for the future 
no ee gy: Pupil, or Dresser, be in the Wards after One 
o’ Cl 1861 Wynter Soc. Bees, George § Dragon 60 
Dressers waiting for the surgeons to make their daily round 
of the wards. 


5. Mil. (See quot. 1823.) 
1796 Instr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 11 ia 3S 
pag a cag ote ake ron 
ine, le he is directin jon. BB 
& etl oad ie hich is enabled t0 
irect or relative points, w a corps is to 
a re; continuity of front. in Man. 
Cae Oath ge Mal he el ta 


rear steps back one pace, dressing by the right. 

6. Various appliances used in ‘ dressing’ or pre- 
paring things. 

a. A shoemaker's tool. b. A plumber’s mallet to smooth 
down joinings in lead, etc. c. Tanning: see quot. 7853. 
d. Coal-mining: see quot. 1881. @. An a us for 
dressing corn; a winnowing machine. f. A tool or machine 
for casing and dressing the furrows on a mill-stone. g. A 
machine for cutting and shaping geological specimens or 
minerals. 

1600 DekKER Gent. Craft iv. (1862) 15 You skoomaker, have 
you all your tools. .a good dresser, your four sorts of awls? 
1688 R. Hotme Armoury ui. 326/1 A Plummers Dresser.. 
a Bat of Wood made with a handle, flat at the bottom, and 
rounded off at the — 1798 T. N. City & C. Pur- 
chaser 192 Having roll’d open 2 Sheets, they beat them flat 
with their Dresser. 1853 C. Morrir Zanning, etc. 468 
They [skins] are then worked with the round-knife upon 
the dresser..a cylindrical wooden bar fastened at a height 
of five feet three inches from the ground, by its two ends, 
to two buttresses projecting from the wall. 1881 RaymMonp 
Mining Gloss., Drcsek a large pick, with which the 
largest lumps of coal are prepared for loading into the skip. 
S. Staffords. 1884 Bath Herald 27 Dec. 6/5 After being 
carried through certain apparatus called detachers, the 
wheat passes through centrifugal dressers. 

Hence Dressership, office of surgical dresser. 

1869 Lancet 391/1 Certain of the dresserships .. are 
appointed from the most diligent students. 

Dre'ssing, v//. sd. [f. Dress v. + -1NG 1] 

1. The action of the vb. Dress, in various senses. 

c1440 Promp. Parv, 131/2 Dressynge, directio. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 201b, The spouse. .hath 
many women to adorne and dresse her, and yet she werketh 
with them to her owne dressynge. 1617 Hieron Wks. 
II. 207 One stroke may cause it [a wound], but many stirrings 
and dressings cannot cure it. 1712 LD far tr. Le Blona’s 
Gardening 105 Vhe Words Dressing, Leveling. .signify the 
Action of harrowing or raking the Ground, to lay it every 
where smooth and eaven. 1832 Regul. /nstr. Cavalry 1. 
6 Dressing is a progressive operation. .by which any number 
of men are correctly aligned. 1862 Mrs. Carryte Lett. 
III. 101 There is no elaborate dressing for dinner here. 

2. Applied to various technical processes in arts 
and manufactures. See quots. and the vb. 

1540 Hype Vives’ Justr. Chr. Wom. 1. ii. (R.), The dress- 
ing of wooll hath beene euer an honest occupation fora good 
woman. 1611 Coter., Afilement..a dressing, or stiffening 
with wire, 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 264 Hides and 
Leather .. of their own dressing. 1745 Gentl, Mag. 24 
A new composition for careening or dressing of ships, to 
preserve them from the Worms. 1792 A. YounG /rav. 
France 341 The corn of England, as far as respects dressing, 
that is Cleaning from dirt, chaff, seeds of weeds, &c. is as 
much better than that of France. 1822 J. Fuinr Lett, 
Amer. 7 Washing and dressing of shirts, neckcloths, &c. 

3. ironically. A drubbing, a beating; chastise- 
ment, castigation, by blows or words. 

1 in 10th Rep. Hist. MS. Comm. ean i. 413 For 
this he got a very severe dressing from North, 1 
Mackin tr. Gil Blas v. i. (Rtldg.) 191 His fingers itche 
to give me another dressing. 1854 A. Fonstanque in Live 
vi. (1874) 511 If our Generals do not give the enemy a 
dressing. “1860 Tuackeray Round. Papers, Screens in 
Din. Rooms (1876) 57 A criticism. .in which an Irish writer 
had given me a dressing for a certain lecture on Swift. 

4. concretely. That which is used in the pre- 
ceding actions and processes; that with which any 
thing or person is dressed for use or ornament: e.g. 

a. Cookery. The masons substance used in cooking; 
stuffing ; the sauce, etc., used in preparing a dish, a 
etc. b. Personal decorations; vestments, dress ; trimming. 
c. Agric. ‘The manure or compost | over or ploughed 
into land in preparing it for a crop. d. Surg. The reme- 
dies, bandages, etc. with which a wound or sore is dressed. 
e. Arch. Projecting mouldings on a surface. f, Glaze, size, 
or stiffening, used in the ‘ finishing’ of textile fabrics; etc. 

a. 1 Pettiaghan Rec. 111. 319 For floure and peper, 
and dressing. 1853 Soyer Pantroph. 75 Lettuces may 
also be eaten with a dressing of gravy pickles. 

b. x622 Manne tr. Ademan's Gusman @ AY. 1. 26 Shee.. 
would ., put on her cemiogs, and weare her attire, 1626 
T. H{awkins) Caussin's Holy Crt. 11 One piece of her 

udy dressings. 1861 Hucues Tom Brown at Ox/. vi, 

fom’ began. .scrutinizing the dressings of the flies [for fish- 

ing]. 1881 Besant & Rice Chap. of Fleet 1. iii, Trees..in 
their beautiful spring dressing. 

c. 1735 Brrketey Querist § 199 Wks. ip Ill. 371 
Vegetables. .ploughed in for a dressing of land, 1816 Act 
56 Geo. 111, c. 50 § 11 Any Manure, Compost, Ashes, Sea- 
weed, or other Drees intended for such Lands. 

d. 1713 Parnett Guardian No. 66 P 2 To tear off the 
dressings, as I may say, from the wounds. 1861 HutMe tr. 
Mogquin- Tandon i. ui. iii. 95 Dresmogs for blisters. 

e. 1823 P. Nicnorson Pract. Build. 584 Dressings, all 
mouldings projecting beyond the naked of walls and ceilings. 
1843 in ihtis & Clark Cambridge (1886) ILI, 214 The dress- 
ings round them (doors) to be of scagli ‘ 

fa 1823 J. Bavcock Dom, Amusem. 72 The dressing 
thereof [sail-cloth], being a compound meal and lime, 
1853 C. Morrit 7anning, etc. 181 The hides..are put 
through the dressings, that is, subjected to the action of 
fermentable pons | water. “ 

5. attrib. and Comb. a. Employed in or con- 
nected with attiring the person, as dressing-bag, 
-basket, -block, -boy, -chair, -closet, -cloth, -glass, 
jacket, -maid, -robe; dressing-bell, -gong, one 


DRESS-MAKING. 


rung as the a for dressing for dinner; + dress- 
ing-plate, silver toilet service (ods.); dressiz 
sack (U.S.),a dressing-jacket. Also ¢ 
BOX, -ROOM, -TABLE, etc. b. Pertaining or appro- 
priated to the treatment of various articles, 
dressing-machine, -shed, -shop, -station; dress- 
ing-bench, -floors: see quots. ¢. Used in pre- 
gy food: see DRESSING-BOARD, -KNIFE. d. 
‘or on ii ae a 

‘ROLLoPE Belton Est. packed coats, 
and *dressing-' and desk. - aoe ber 
The * ing-bell has rung. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., 
a bricklayer’s bench having a cast-i 


* Dressing-benc! 
ace on which 


them his own person. 1712 
A looking-glass a *dressing-chair. 
Man's the p vpaten Wks. 72, 332 Whether she be some 
Skeleton whose Beauties upon 

1894 Labour Commission Gloss., A * 


(not floor) is a surface works where the tin stuff as it comes 


crushing processes..and then ‘ washed’. .i 
tin may be separated from alien matter. d 
No. 5214/3 *Dressing Glasses, Union Suits, Dressing 
Boxes. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 121 Look for 
yourself in a mirror, or dressing glass. 1855 Miss Man- 
nin Old Chelsea Bun-House xiv. 239 Prue, in her *Dress- 
ing- Jacket. ray Times 2 Jan. 13/4 Light English sole 
and *dressing leather. 1 Hull A tiser 5 

2/1 Thrashing and *Dressing Machines, 1822 W. Irvinc 
Braceb, Hail (1845) 29 Having been *dressing-maid .. to 
the late Mrs. Bracebridge. 1716 Lavy M. W. Montacu 
Lett. 16 Aug. (1887) I. 107, I had wickedness e h 
to covet St. Ursula’s pearl necklaces.. and wished sh 
herself converted into *dressing-plate. 1884 Health Exhib. 
Catal. 38A *dressing shed, where the work of unhairing 
the skins takes place. rg ba E. Woop in ~~ News 
1 Oct. 6/2 The farm used by the doctors as a * a 
station, x Wakes Colne (Essex) Overseer’s Acc. (MS., 
3 peckes of *dressinge wheat. 

+ Dre‘ssing-board. O/s. A board on which 
anything is dressed ; esp. a board on which food 
was dressed ; a dresser. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 131/2 Dressure, or erie 7 boorde, 
Dressorinm, directarium. 159% Percivatt Sp. Dict., 
Tajon, a boord to cut flesh on,a dressing boord. 1694 Acc. 
Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 172 Puts it [the whale’s fat] upon 
the Bench or Dressing board, where it is cut by others into 
less pieces. ?a@1700 Sir Hugh in Percy Relig. (1765) 1. 32 
Scho laid him on a dressing-borde [other versions dressing- 
table, dresser-board (cf. Child Bad/ads v. 246).] 

Dre‘ssing-box. =next. 

1663 Dayvpen Wild Gallant i. ii, A fine-bred woman, 
with a lute, and a dressing-box. 1714 [see Dressinc 5). 
1830 Miss Mrrrorp Village Ser. 1v. (1863) 181 He sports 
a dressing-box. full of almond paste and violet soap, 

Dre'ssing-case A case of toilet utensils. 

1819 P. O. Lond. Direct. 18 Ladies and Gentlemen's 
Dressing-case Manufacturer. 

Dressing-gown. A loose gown worn while 
making one’s aia or when in dishabille. 

1777 Suenwan 7rif Scaré. 1. ii, Enter Lord Foppington 
in he dressing-gown, 3847 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. I. 3, 
I was sitting at breakfast in my dressing-gown, 

Hence Dressing-gowned 7//. a. 

1855 Dickens Dorrit (Househ. ed.) 315/1 Mr, Dorrit, 
dressing-gowned and newspapered. fs , 

Dre’ -knife. +a. A knife used in dress- 
ing food. Ods. b. A blade with two handles used 
in ————- Hence + Dressing-knife-board. 

1411 Nottingham Rec. 11. 86, j. knyf, ijd. ¢ 3485 
Thomas of Erceld. 266 (Cott. MS. es come 
dryssynge knyfe. ¢1gag Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 662/18 
rs p Pramas Ybid. 308) Dryssynge-knytle, spas 

irsynge le. id, 108/1 a ge- le, CA 
Sacuiven, 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 12. § 13 The coke 

. Shall. . bring with him a dressing knife. 
fi -room. A room for dressing and 
the toilet, usually opening from a bed-room. 

Wycuertey Country Wife w. iii, I..was made free 
of their society dressing-rooms for ever hereafter, 1683 
Evetyn Diary 4 Oct., I went..into the Duchess of Ports- 
mee dieane Gerd (chor) 176 The present arene tonn 
TON ard, (1805) 1 e present ing-room 
. added S os modern bedroom. Jowerr Plato 
I. 195 I was sitting alone in the dressing-room of the Lyceum. 


‘ssing-table. A toilet table. 
1796 Hull A iser 3 Sept. 1/1 Ladies Inlaid gene | 
Tal 1829 Marrvat /, Mii ry ix, Laying my 

.-on the dressing-table. 

Dress-maker (dre‘s;mé'koz). A maker of 
dresses ; sfec. a woman who makes dresses for 


those of her own sex. 
1828 in Wessrer. 183 W. Irvine Athambra 1. 289 
ce 


The dress-makers, and the jewellers, and the in 
gold and silver. 3838 Dickens Nich, Nick. Iyinr 

made interest to procure. .is with a Milliner and 
dressmaker, 


Hence Dre’ss-ma:kership ; Dre‘ss-makery, 2 
dress-making establishment. 


1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge’s Tem (1893) - i 
Brsant E Ladecatodbte | 75 Details of a practical nature con- 
d ad kery. 
Dre'ss- vol. sb. [f. Dress sb, and 
Makine making, The 
— (women’s 
1837 


dresses. ib. 
urTTocK, etc. Bk, Trades (1842) 308 Dress-making 


DRESSY. 


came from France, i.e. Paris.’ 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle 
Tom's C. xvii. 158, 1 can do dressmaking very well. 

So Dre'ss-making ///.a.; Dre‘ss-make v. 
(collog-), to make dresses. 

1882 B. Harte F Zip iv, I must see that dressmaking sharp 
about it. 1885 7imes 5 Mar. 10 A registry. .for women.. 
acc} dto dr ke, wash, or do charing work. 

Dressy (dre'si), a. [f. Dress sé.+-y !.] 

1. Fond of or attentive to dress ; given to elabo- 


rate or showy dressing. 

1768 Go.psm. Good-n. Man 1. i, One of those fine old 
dressy things, who thinks to conceal her age, by every- 
where exposing her person. 1834 Lapy GranviLLe Le?t, 

1 Oct. (1894) IL. 173, 1 am growing dressy. .and am learning 

ow to unite smartness and economy. 1848 THACKERAY 
Van, Fair \ix, lama dressy man, d 

2. Of garments: Having an air of dress; stylish. 

1818 Miss Ferrier Marriage I. 206 (Jam.) Black velvet 
gowns. .they were dressy, and not too dressy. 1845 Blackw. 
Mag. LVIT. 735 Such a truly elegant boot, so gentlemanly, 
so dressy. fransf. 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 63/3 Anemones.. 
are not only very dressy, but last a long time in water. 1887 
F. B. Zincke Materials for Hist. Wherstead 148 The less 
dressy parts of a garden. 

Hence Dre’ssiness. 

1806 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. 1V. 249 Habits of dressi- 
ness..are adopted. 1877 Spurcron Lect. to Students Ser. 
ui, viii. 131 A hundred years ago the dressiness of the clergy 
was about as conspicuous as it is now. 

Drest, var. pa. t. and pple. of DREss. 

Drest, variant of Drast Oés., dregs, lees. 

+ Dretch, v.! Os. Forms: 1 drecc(e)an, 
2-6 dreche, 3 drecche, dracche, dreeche, 3-5 
drecche, (4 drich), 5-6 dretch. /a.¢. 1 drehte, 
44draihte. a. pple. 1 (3e)dreht, 3-4 idrecchid 
(-s2-, -a-, -ee-), idraht, 4 draiht. [OE. drec- 
¢(e\an: unknown in the other Germanic langs.] 

1. trans. To afflict, torment, vex ; in ME. esp. to 


trouble in sleep. 

cgoo Bede Glosses 27 in O. E. Texts 180 Adficiens, drec- 
cende. a 1000 Czdmon's Gen. 2179 Mec sorz dreceb. cx1000 
trric Hom. (Th.) I. 86 zif he hwon hnappode, Szrrihte 
hine drehton nihtlice zedwimor. c1175§ Lamb. Hom. 77 
Alle odre men pet heuie sunnen dreched. cr1zog Lay. 
4521 Pa be king wes a-waht, he wes swube idraht. /é/d. 
22556 Pa pe king him awoc swide he wes idracched [c 1275 
idrecched]. 1 Alisaunder 819 Hee was draiht with 
dreme thorou deuiles engines. ¢1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, 
Catharina 818 pu sall drich me na mare. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER 
Nun’s Pr. T. 67 As man pat in his dreem is drecched soore. 
1470-85 Matory A7thur xx. v, We alle. .were soo dretched 
that somme of ys lepte oute of oure beddes naked, 

2. intr. To be troubled in sleep. rare. 

142 Hoccieve Complaint 308 Lat them drem as them 
lyst and speke & dreche. c1440 Promp. Parv. 131/2 
Dremyn, or dretchyn yn slepe, sompnio. 1535 Goodly 
Primer (1834) 210 Sleeping or waking, dreaming or dreching. 

Hence + Dre‘tching, torment, vexation, trouble. 

azoso Liber Scintill. \xxx. (1889) 217 Fram pysum licha- 
man butan dreccunge stipre beon zenumene. c¢ 1230 Hali 
Meid. 7 Ded hire in to drecchunge to dihten hus and hinen. 
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8080 Drecchynge 
by tymes haue pey wrought. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xxi. 
xi, It is but dretchyng of sweuens. 

Dretch, v.2 Ots. In 3-5 dreche, drecche, 
(5 driche, dryche.) [Not known before 13th c.; 
in form identical with prec. vb., but, on account of 
diversity of sense, generally viewed as distinct.] 

1. intr. To delay, linger, tarry. 

c12go Gen. § Ex. 1420 Ne wold he dor Ouer on ni3t 
drechen nunmor. ¢1374 Cuaucer Tvoylus 1. 1215 (1264) 
What sholde I drecche [v.7. dretche] or telle of his aray? 
a1400 Morte Arth. 754 For drede of pe derke nyghte bay 
drecchedealyttille. 1461 Liber Pluscardensis x1. xi. (1877) 
I. 399 The party .. drichit and delayit our fra yeir to yeris. 

2. trans. Todelay. b. To protract. rare. 

¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 1602 What halt hit muche her-of to 
telle‘ to drecchen ous of our lay? 1393 Gower Conf. II. 41 
Than make I..tarienges To drecche forth the longe day. 

Hence Dre‘tching v0/. sb., procrastination, delay. 

a1300 Cursor M. 16390 (Gitt.) Selcuth vs thinc of pe, 

ilate, wid dreching [Cozt. drightin] for to drill. c¢1330 

.. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 11757 Make no long drec- 
ching per-to. c1q4z5 Wyntoun Cron. v. iii. 52 And to 
Rowme pet Tribwte pay Wycht-owtyn drychyng or delay. 
e1470 Henry Wallace vil. 183 Trubbill wed yr makis 
schippis to droune, His drychyn is with Pluto in the se. 

+ Dretch, sd. Ods. [f. Drercn v.!] Trouble. 

13.. Gaw. §& Gr. Knt. 1972 To sett hym in be waye And 
coundue hym py pe downez, pat he no drechch had, ?13.. 
MS. Cambr. Ff. ii 38. 33 (Halliw.) Ye schall see a wondur 
dreche Whan my sone wole me fecche. 

Dreuch, obs. Sc. pa. t. of Draw v. 

+ Dreve, v.1 Ods. Forms: 1 dréfan, dréfan, 
2-3 drefe, 3 dreofe, dreaue, 3-4 dreve. [OE. 
dréfan = OS. drébjan, druovjan (LG. dréfen, 
driven, Du. droeven), OHG. *truobjan, truoban, 
(MHG, ¢riieben, G. triiben), Goth. dribjan to 
disturb ; f. OTeut. *drédu- turbid, disturbed ; perh. 
from an ablaut series drvad-, dréb-, whence also 
Drarr. Cf. Drove v.!, Drovy a.] trans. To 
trouble, disturb, agitate. 

Beowulf(Th.) 2838 Water under stod dreorig and gedrefed. 
¢ 1000 Ags. = ohn xiv. r Ne sy eower heorte gedrefed 
coy: G. zedroefed]. c1z00 OrMiN 147 He warrp drefedd 
& fe ld. cx1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 195 Unbilefde folc 

wolden dreuen hem. a 1240 Uveisun in Cott. Hom. 193 
e heo neuer i-dreaued_mid winde ne mid reine. 
¢ 1aso Gen. § Ex. 318 Ic wene Sat ic and eue sulen alle is 
blissedreue. cxg00 Anturs of Arth. xxii, Alle the Duse- 


663 


peris of Fraunse with 3our dyn deuyt [7hornt. MS. 
dreuede]. 

+Dreve, v.2 Ods. Also 5 Sc. drefe. [OE. 
dréfan to drive, impel (:—drdéjan) corresp. to 
Goth. draibjan to drive, trouble, vex:—OTeut. 
*draibjan, f. draid- ablaut grade of dretdan, OK. 
drtfan to drive.] 

1. trans. To drive away or apart ; to separate. 

c 1325 Chron. Eng. 406 in Ritson Met, Rom. 11. 287 Thus 
wes Englond to-deled, Ant uch kyng from other dreved. 
1340 Cursor M. 5316 (Fairf.) Mony baret fra him was 
dreued. did. 6766. c1470 Henry Wallace x1. 1330 Bot 
cowatice the ay fra honour drefyd [zv.7. dreft]. 

absol. 1873 ‘Tusser Husb. xxxv. (1878) 83 If yee deale 
guilefully, parson will dreue, and so to your selfe a worse 
turne ye may geue. 

2. zntr. To move, proceed, tend. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 1768 (Gitt.) Pe springes gan ouer al vte 
dreue. c1400 Destr. Troy 7123 Thus curstly pat knighthode 
..purgh domys of destany dreuyt to noght. 

Dreve, drevin, -yn, obs. pa. pple. of Drive z. 

Drevel(l, -ill, -yll, var. of Driver, sé.! Obs, 

+ Drevyll, v. Ods. [f. drevyl/ early form of 
Driven sé.1]_ zntr. To drudge or slave. 

1514 Barciay Cyt. §& Uplondyshim. (Percy Soc.) 14 To 
drudge & to drevyll in warkes vyle and rude, This wyse 
shall ye lyve, in endeles servytude. 

+ Drew, si. Obs. Also 5 drewe. [Derivation 
unknown. ]} 


1. A drop, a very small quantity (of liquid). 

1430 //ymns Virg. (1867) 60 Whanne pe child was .vij. 
jeer olde, Passyng sowkyng of milke drewis. c¢ 1450 M/irour 
Saluacioun 965 The drie erthe ferre about had noght perof 
a drewe. x1g§0r Douctas Pal. Hon. 1. xli, Of the water 
I micht not taste a drew. @1555 Lynpesay Auld Man & 
Wife 87 The divill a drew sall cum in thy throte. 

2. A morsel, a very small bit. 

c1480 Cov. Myst. (1841) 36 Of whom we have our dayly 
food, Ellys we had but lytyl drewe, did. 405 Nakyd men 
and ffebyl of array 3e wolde nott socowre with a lytel drewe, 

Drew (dr), pa. t. of Draw v. 

Drewery, drewrie, etc. : see DRUERY. 

Drewin, -yn, obs. pa. pple. of Drive v. 

Drewry, obs. form of DREARY a. 

Drey, obs. f. Dry, Dray!; var. of Dray °. 

Drey(e, drey3, obs. forms of Dree v. and a. 

Dreyen, Dreyn, obs. form of Draw, Drain. 

Dreynt, obs. pa. t. and pple. of DRENcH z. 

ti Drib, v. Obs. [app. an onomatopevic forma- 
tion arising out of Drie or Drop, the modified 
consonant expressing a modification of the notion.] 

1. zntr. To fall in drops; fig., to go on little by 
little. 

1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII, V1. 160 Suche drybbing 
warre, as hit hitherto hathe ben made by the said Princes. 

2. ? To dribble, to slaver. 

ay Sketton Crowne Lawrell (R.), Dasyng after 
dotterels, lyke drunkards that dribbes. ; : 

3. trans. a. To let fall or utter as in driblets. 

1533 More Debell. Salem Wks. 947/1 In the second side 
of y® .xxvi. lefe, he dribbeth in a word of spiritual dignity. 
1s99 Nasue Lenten Stuffe (1871) 107 Proverbs .. which 
those, that have bitten with ill bargains of either sort, have 
dribbed forth in revenge. : 

b. To let fall in drops or driblets. 

1682 SouTHERNE Loyal Brother Prol., There’s not a 
Butcher’s Wife but Dribs her part, And pities the poor 
Pageant from her heart. 

ce. ‘Tocrop; to cut off, to defalcate. A cant 
word.” (J.) 

1693 DrypeEn, etc. Fuvenal vit. 298 Merchants Gains 
come short of half the Mart, For he who drives their Bar- 
gains, dribs a part. 

d. To lead one little by little z¢o something. 

@1700 Dryven Ovid's Art Lovet.(R.), With daily lies she 
Pape thee into cost, That ear-ring dropt a stone, that ring 
is lost. 

4. trans, To shoot (an arrow) so that it falls 


short or wide of the mark. 

1545 [implied in Drisser below]. 1565 Gotpinc Ovid's 
Met. xi. (1593) 295 Behold_how hee. .dribs his arrowes up 
and downe Be tirds 1572 CHurcHyarD To Rdr. in J. Jones 
Bathes of Bath, At rouers they but shot theyr Shafts, and 
dribbed wyde a skore. 1592 Lyty Galathea 11. iv, O Venus 
.- well shalt thou know what it is to drib thine arrowes 
up and downe Diana’s leyes. 

Hence Dribbed, Dri‘bbing //. adjs.; also 
Dri‘bber, one who dribs his arrows. 

1545 Ascuam Toxofh. (Arb.) 94 So if a man be..neuer 
so wel taught in his youth to shote, yet if he giue it ouer, 
and not use to shote .. he shal become of a fayre archer, 
a stark squyrter and dribber. 1581 Sipnry Ast. § Stella 
ii, Not at the first sight, nor yet with a dribbed shot Loue 
gaue the wound, 


Drib, sd. Se. and dial. [f. Drip v., or perh. 
more immediately deduced from dribble, driblet, 
which appear much earlier.] A drop, a petty or 
inconsiderable quantity ; a DRriB.er. 

©1730 Ramsay Ode fr, Horace, That mutchkin-stoup it 
hauds but dribs. @1745 Swirt On Gidds’ Ps. (T.), Do not, 
I pray thee, paper stain With rhymes retail’d in dribbs. 
1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm’d (1827) 172 And t 
our crag als Q’ Pia (ee ge Let.to gol nr 
25 May in Raymon fe (1864) 241 We are sending suc 
regiments at dribs fee, fot a Baltimore as we can 
spare to Harper's Ferry. 1875 Sussex Gloss., Drib, a very 
small quantity of anything, 


DRIBBLER. 


Dribbet, obs. var. or misprint for DRIBLET. 

1659 GAUDEN Tears of Ch. 1. x1x. 243 Pittances .. slowly 
payd by dribbets and with infin delayes. 

Dribble (dri‘b’l),v.  [freq. of Dris z. ; in cer- 
tain uses associated with or influenced by DrIvELv.] 
1. trans. To let (anything) flow or fall in drops 
or a trickling stream ; to give forth or emit in drib- 
lets. Zt. and fig. With owt, forth, away. 

o1s89 Theses Martiniane 31, 1 thinke it well if I can 
drible out a Pistle in octauo nowe and then. 1602 WARNER 
Alb. Eng. 1x. iii. (1612) 236 Dribling Almes by Art. c 1711 
Swirt Rules to Servants Wks. 1778 X. 275 Let the cook... 
follow..with a ladleful [of soup], and dribble it all the 
way upstairs. 1874 GREEN Short Hist. vii. 405 Elizabeth 
dribbled out her secret aid to the Prince of Orange. 

2. absol. or intr. To let the spittle flow down 
over the chin, as young children and imbecile 
people often do. Hence also fg., = DRIVEL. 

1673 Rules of Civility 61 Snoaring, sweating, gaping, or 
dribling. 1731 Mortimer in Prd. Trans. XX XVII. 167 
He.. had no Motion to vomit, but dribbled much. 1870 
Dickens /. Drood 114 The Lascar laughs and dribbles at 
the Mouth. JZod. Infants generally dribble when they are 
teething. 

3. zntr. To flow down in small quantities or in 
a small and fitful stream; to trickle. 

1599, 1627, 1669, etc. [see Dripstinc]. 1784 R. B. Cueston 
in Aled. Commun, V1. 6 She had perceived her water 
dribbling from her. 1802 Parry Nat. Theol. xv. (1830) 185 
Which receiver. allows the grain to dribble only in small 
quantities into the central hole in the upper mill-stone. 1878 
Huxtey PAysiogr. 22 The water which falls upon the rock 
then dribbles through the little cracks. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1600-1672 [see Driserinc ffl. a. 3). 1865 CARLYLE 
Iredk. Gt. VU. xvi. v. 173 From about the end of June, 
the Reichs Army kept dribbling in, 

4. wans. In Football, etc. To keep (the ball) 
moving along the ground in front of and close to 
one by a rapid succession of short pushes, instead 
of sending it as far as possible by a vigorous kick. 
Also adsol. 

1863 A. G. GuILLEMARD in Sfort. Gaz. Oct. (Football), The 
Eton game, when the ‘long-behind’ is dribbling the ball 
before his feet slowly forward. 1868 Football Annual i 
*Dribbling’, as the science of working the ball along the 
ground by means of the feet is technically termed. 1871 A. 
G, GuitteMmarp in Bell’s Life Apr., The Scottish forwards 
‘gained not a little by their dribbling, which feature of the 
game is but seldom seen round London’, 1880 7%ves 12 
Nov. 4/4 There is no more legitimate and scientific form of 
‘football’ than the ‘drop-kick’ and that ‘dribbling ’ with the 
feet which now forms a most important part of the Rugby 
game, 1883 F. M. Crawrorp 4/7, /saacs viii. 165 To 
dribble it [the ball, at polo], along. 1887 Dazly News 10 
Jan. 3/5 The English forwards dribbled the ball close up 
to the Welsh line and nearly scored. _ 

b. Billiards. To give (a ball) a slight push. 

1873 Bennett & Cavenpisu Billiards 253 To keep the 
white by the spot, and by the same stroke to dribble the 
red over the corner. 

+5. in Archery = DRIB v. 4. Obs. 

1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. x11. (1593) 293 Paris dribling 
out his shafts among the Greekes she spide. 1603 SHaks. 
Meas, for M.1. iii. 2 Beleeue not that the dribling dart of 
Loue Can pierce a compleat bosome, 1612-15 Br. Hau 
Contempl., N. T. w. i, Prayer is an arrow .. if it be but 
dribbled forth of careless lips, it falls down at our foot. 


Dribble, 5%. [f. prec. vb.] 
1, A small trickling and barely continuous stream ; 


a small quantity or drop of liquid. 

c 1680 [F. Sempitt] Banishment Pov. in Watson Collect. I. 
14 (Jam.),1..stour’d to Leith To try my credit at the wine ; 
But [ne'er] a dribble fyld my teeth. 1785 Burns 7o a 
Mouse vi, The winter’s sleety dribble. 1836 Marryat 
Midsh. Easy xxxviii, Teeth black with chewing, and Sears 
a little brown dribble from the left corner of his mouth. 
1885 Manch. Exam. 6 June 5/4 This stream is a mere lan- 
guid dribble from the side of the mountain, 

b. transf. and fig. 

1832 HWestm. Rev. XVII. 403 note, As often as her apron- 
string breaks, the stones fall in such a direction as to form 
adribble. a@ se R. Cuampers /Wheesht !, These people.. 
attempt to work off ‘a great secret’ upon me, in their 
quiet way, dribble by dribble. 1871 L. StepHen Playgr. 
Eur. xii. (1894) 294 The little dribble of Commerce .. never 
quite ceases, 


2. Football. An act of ‘dribbling’; see Dris- 


BLE v. 4. 
1889 Pauline 34 When play was again resumed, the 
Modern forwards .. did a good dribble into the Classical 
twenty-five. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 13 Mar. 5/3 He .. collided 
with an opponent, who had led a dribble down the field. 

3. local. A field drain made of broken stones 
between which the water trickles. Cf. RUBBLE. 

1843 Yrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. 11. 325 Stone drains are 
various; the most common here [in Wiltshire] are wall, and 
dribble or rubble. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. 
(ed. 4) I. 234 The dribble is made with stones, broken about 
the size..used for roads, the drain about eight inches wide 
filled a foot high with the stones. 

+Dri‘bblement. Ols. rare—, [f. DRIBBLE 
v.+-MENT.] A dribbling. 

1s99 Nase Lenten Stuffe (1871) 23 To shun spight I 
smothered these dribblements. 

Dribbler (dri:blez). [f Driesre v,+-2R1.] 
One who dribbles ; e.g. at football. 

1835 SoutHey Doctor Interchapter vii. III. 5 The as- 
pirants and wranglers at the bar, the dribblers and the 
spit-fires. 1868 Football Annual 1 The supporters of Foot- 
ball appear now to have arranged themselves in two great 


DRIBBLING. 


and distinct factions. .the ‘ dribblers ’, and the. .admirers of 
the running and hacking style. 1891 Lock to Lock Times 
24 Oct. 13/1 The centre man is a speedy dribbler and good 
shot at goal. 
Dri‘b , vbl. sb, [f. DRIBBLE v. +-ING 1,] 
1. A falling in a trickling stream or succession 


of drops or small quantities. 

1669 Perys Diary 1 May, The day being unpleasing. sand 
now and then a little dribbling rain. 1728 WoopwarD 
Fossils (J.\, Semilunar processes on the surface, owe their 
form to the dribbling of water. x790 J.C. Smvtn in Med. 
Commun. Il, 516 The dribbling of urine. ceased, : 

b. concretely. That which is dribbled, or given 
forth in driblets ; a ct ry 5 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabethouer's Bk. Physicke 95/1 Take sixe, or 
seaven sheepe dribbelinges, as fresh as the sheepe avoydeth 
them. a 1666 A. Brome Songs, Reformation (R.), Out of all's 
ill-gotten store He gives a dribbling to the poor. 

2. Football. See DRIBBLE v. 4. 

Dri-bbling, #//. a. [f.as prec. +-1NG *.] That 
dribbles (in various senses). 

1. Giving forth in driblets. 

1s92 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 14 Pidlinge and driblinge 
confuters that sitt all day buzzing upon a brunt point. 

2. Flowing out in a dropping stream, trickling. 

1627 Drayton Agincourt 186 The Hower-glasse .. whose 
dribbling sands. .make mee too much to feele Your slacke- 
nesse hither. 1679 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 460 
Dribling raine and mists. ag Farrar Days of Youth iii. 
29 It is no dribbling rivulet..but a rejoicing river. 

Jig. 1686 Dryven Prol. Union two Companies (R.), We'll 
take no blundering verse, no fustian tumor, No dribbling 
love from this or that presumer. 


3. fig. Inconsiderable; made up of petty or | 


trifling items. 

1600 Hotianp Livy xxvi. xvii. 597 There passed some 
dribbling skirmishes [lev/a pralia] betweene the..Cartha- 
ginians, and..the Romanes. 1630 R. Yohsson's Kingd. & 
Commw. 45 A long suit for a dribling debt. 1642 Mitton 
Afpol. Smect.(1851) 321 Small temptations allure but dribling 
offendors. 1672 E. Ravenscrort Mamamouchi, D.1 stand 
indebted to you. Cy. A few dribbling sums, Sir. 

4. That allows saliva or moisture to flow from 


the mouth, as @ dribbling child. 
Driblet, dribblet (dri-blét), sd. [f. Driv. + 


-LET : association with drzbd/e seems later. ] 

1. ‘A small sum, odd money in a sum’ (J.). 

1632 QuarLes Div. Fancies ut. xxv. (1660) 107 We crave, 
and crave a longer Day, Then pay in Driblets, or else never 
pay. 1633 T. Avams xf. 2 Peter ii. 14 The high rate.. 
that divers live at, can be maintained by no driblets. 
Burke Sf. agst. Hastings Wks. XV. 41 They had sae 


in little dribblets to the amount of ninety-five pounds. 1884 | 


BowEN in Law Rep. 28 Chancery Div. 16 A tenant who 
has paid his last quarter’s rent by driblets under pressure. 

+b. esp. A small or petty debt. Ods. 

sgt Harincton Orl. Fur. xu. cxxxvi, And quite 
each other all old debts and driblets [Mofte—Driblets used 
for petty recknings]. 1600 Dekker Gentle Craft 18 Ide 
set mine olde debts against my new driblets. 1685 Drypen 
Thren, Augus. xiv, So strictly wer't thou just to pay, Even 
to the driblet of aday. 1798 Sforting Mag. X1. 104 Some 
other driblets, called debts of honour. 1867 TRoLLore 
Chron. Barset I. \viii. 151 A small mortgage and such 
like convenient but uninfluential driblets. 

2. A petty or inconsiderable quantity or part of 
anything. By (i) dridlets; in petty portions at 
a time, little by little. 

1678 Puittirs (ed. 4), Dribdlets (old word), small portions 
or pieces, 1740 Dycne & Parvon, Driblet.. any small 
quantity or parcel of money, or any thing else. 1832 
Examiner 34/t It is rumoured that the creation of peers 
is to be by dribblets. A drop-by-drop invigoration seems 
-.absurd. 1862 Macm. Mag. Oct. sor A hundred weight 
of fish to be sold in driblets, for a few pence 

3. A small quantity or dribble (of liquid). 

1860 G.H. K. Vac. Tour 141 A driblet of sour milk. 1871 
L. Sternen Playgr. Eur. iii. (1894) 77 Every driblet of 
water seemed to 
with a drop of brandy. 

— 3 Beale ery v. intr, to come in driblets. 
1 AUDEN Tears Ch. i11.v. 276 Biting poverty. .hardl 
to be relieved by those dribliting cheep thas =f e 

riche, var. form of DREE a., Dretcn v.2 

Drichte, -ine: see Dricnt, DricHTen. 

Dricksie: see Drix, Druxy. 

Driddle, v. Sc. [Origin obscure: cf. diddle, 
weer intr. ‘To work, walk, or act in a feeble, 
unsteady or uncertain manner.’ (Jam. Suppl.) 

a ontcomERiE Filyting w. Polwart 17 Thou art 
doeand and dridland like ane foule beast. Burns 
Jolly Beggars, A pigmy scraper, wi’ his fiddle, Wha us'd 
at om and fairs to driddle. agenda Major Logan 
iii, Until you on a crummock driddle, A gray-haired car! 

ride, obs. pa. t. and pple. of Dry z. 

Dridge, obs. form of Drepce sé.1 

Drie, obs. form of Dree v., Dry. 

Driech, driegh, var. forms of DREE a. 

Dried (droid), pp/. a. [f. Drv v. Ate 

1. Deprived of moisture, desiccated. Often with 2. 


a 1340 Hampotr Psalter cl. 4 A dryid scyn. Evetyn 
Kal. Hort. (1729) 203 Pull off all crumpl’d dry’ wes. 
Frankuin Lett. Wks. 1887 IV. 403 A specimen of 


19771 
te American dried apples. 1816 Byron Cé. Har. 11. iii, 
I find The furrows of long thought, and dried-up tears. 
1837 W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville II. 185 Keeping the 
ed meats for places where game might be scarce. 

2. transf. and See the verb. 

1622 Fretcuer Span. Cur. m. ii, A man of a dride con- 
science, 1853 C, Bronte l’i//et¢e vi, A dried-in man of busi- 


inseparably connected in their minds | 


664. 
ness. 1885 G. Atten Babylon xiii, In a dried-up Indian 
military tone. 

Drier, dryer a f. Dry v.+-ER1. 
The analogical spelling is drier, but dryer is app. 
more frequent in the technical applications in 2 and 
3] One who or that which dries. 

. A thing that removes moisture, 
1528 Paynect Salerne’s Regim. Q iv b, Olde dry nuttis are 
driers. 1686 Goap Celest. Bodies 1. ii. 6 Wind is a 
er, even as Frost a Cooler. 1756 C. Lucas ss. Waters 
II. 73 Salt is justly deemed a drier. Pall Mail G, 11 
Oct. 7/2 The sun and air are good enough driers. 
b. A person engaged in drying. Chiefly in 
combination, as /razt-drier. 

2. (dryer) A substance mixed with oil-paints to 
make them dry quickly. 

1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 145/2 To med ve a little sugar 
of lead, or litharge (dzyers), should be added to make it dry 
quick. 1859 Gutuck & Timss Paint. 208 All dryers... have 
in some degree a pernicious influence on colours. 

3. (dryer) A mechanical contrivance or apparatus 
used to remove moisture ; a desiccator. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dryer, 1. The heated tables or 
cylinders which expel the moisture from the just-formed 
paper, in the machine. 2. The oven which evaporates the 
moisture from ceramic work. 1890 Kew Bulletin 145 Gibbs’ 
Patent Tea Dryer .. is suitable for drying corn, coffee, 
manure, hops, brewers’ grains and fruit. 

4. A substance that dries (quickly or slowly). 

1886 Longm. Mag. VII. 379 Olive oil never dries, or at 
least is the worst drier known. 

Hence Dri‘erman, dry‘erman, a man whose 
business it is to manage some drying process; 
Dri‘ery, Dry’ery, a drying establishment. 

1880 Daily Tel. 24 Feb., Paper makers.—Two dryermen. 


1886 Pall Mall G. 5 Oct. 13/2 The largest and finest | 


peaches going to the cannery. .the rest to the dryery. 
Drier, driest, comp. and sup. of Dry a. 
Driery, drieth, obs. forms of Dreary, Drytu. 
Drieve, -en, drif(e, driff(e, obs. ff. Drive v. 
Drifat, var. DryFrat Oés. 
+ Driffle, drifle, v. Os. [? Allied to Dris- 


BLE.] 1. ¢vans. To utter in driblets. 

1592 G. Harvey Pierce's — 14 These pidlinge and drib- 
linge confuters .. with much adoe drifle-out as many sen- 
tences in a weeke as he will poure-down in an houre, 

2. intr. ‘To drink deeply’ (Halliwell). 

¢ 1645 T. Tutty Siege Carlisle (1840) 15 The Garrison's 
excessive drinking, called drifling. 

3. To rain fitfully or in sparse drops, as at the 
‘tail’ of a shower. Sc. Hence Driffling v#/. sd. 

1639 R. Baise Lett. & Frais. (1841) 1. 220 Some jea- 
lousies did yet remaine, as driffling after a great shower. 


Drift (drift), sd. [Early ME. drift (not recorded 
in OF.) corresp. to OFris. drift (in ur-drift), 
MDnu., Du. drift, MHG. trift, G. trift passage for 
cattle, drove, ON. drift snow-drift, (Sw., Da. 
drift); verbal abstract from drifan to DRIVE.) 

I. The action of driving, etc. 

1. The act of driving ; propulsion, impulse, im- 
petus. (Now rare or Oés. exc. as in b. or 2.) 

a 1300 Cursor M. 496 (Gott.) par pai drey ful hard drift. 
¢ cise Aodines Babes A sh wedir us droffe to Rome. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 132/1 Dryfte, or drywynge of bestys, 
minatus, 1§23 Fitzners. Surv. gb, As the whele gothe 
by drifte of water. a@171x6 Sovtn (J.), A man being under 
the drift of any passion, will still follow the impulse of it. 
172 Perry Daggenh. Breach 26 The Breach..was stop'd 
by..the drift anon of large Piles, drove near to each 
other, 1858 Jrul. R. Agric. Soc. XIX. un. 296 Sheep for 
the Smithfield Monday market had to leave their homes on 
the previous Wednesday or Thursday week, Such a long 
drift. .caused a great waste of meat. : 

b. Forest Law. The driving of the eattle within 
the precincts of a forest to one place on a par- 
ticular day, for the determination of ownership, 
levying of fines, etc. (Cf. Drive v. 4 b.) 

1540 Act 32 Hen. V/TI,c. 13 § 4 It shalbe laufull to the 
said lordis owners and possessioners of the said forrestis 
and chaces..to make like drifte of the said forestis, chaces. 
1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xv. § 2 (x615) 10s/t The 

cers of the Forest..did use to make two drifts of their 
Forest euery year. 1 Customs Manor Epworth in 
Stonehouse A-rho/me (1839) 145 The Lord is entitled to 
make one drift of the commons, between May-day and 
Midsummer, in order to ascertain whose cattle are pastur- 
ing thereon, 1887 W. F. Cottier Venville Rights on 
Dartmoor in Trans. Devonsh, Assoc. X1X. 382 The moor- 
man then proceeds to summon the venville tenants to joi 
in the drift by blowing horns on the tors. 1894 Q. Kev. 
Apr. 418 Assisting at the ‘drifts’ in which the horned 
cattle and ponies are collected, branded, and the ‘strays’ 
returned to their owners, 

+e. Arch. The horizontal ‘ thrust’ of an arch. 

1772 Hutton Bridges 60 The thickness of the pier neces- 
sary to resist the drift of the arch. /did. 9 Drift, Shoot, 
or Thrust of an arch, is the push or force which it exerts in 
the direction of the length of the bridge. 1843 P. Nicno- 
SON Pract. Build. 338. f 

2. The fact or condition of being driven, as by a 
current ; the action of drifting; a slow course or 
current, Also fig. On or upon the drift = ADRIFT, 


1562 J. Heyvwoop Prov. §& Lpigr. (1867) 149 Beware 
dryft J the woorst shore. ‘a £ me roo We 
considered where we might haue the t drift..and let 


and so [ships] are most dreadfully put w 1721 
Perry Deegenk. Breach 7 : 4 pea te le Frost end 


her driue.. 1659 D. Pett /mfpr. Sea Anchors give way, 
Te oF the ant. 
5 
drift of Ice. .that Winter, 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea § 107 


DRIFT. 
The effect of moderate winds..is to cause what. be 
cal’ he drt of the aca rather than = current Dt i 
fined to surf: 1886 Pad! Mall G. 4/1 
There is a steady low-class labour drift into L a¢ 
b. Naut. The deviation of a ship from its 
course in consequence of currents; esf. in reference 
to its amount. , 
Narsoroucu Jruil. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711 
174 True Course, Drift and all I a anal oda 
1793 Rennect in PAil. Trans. L. IIL. 195 On the 31st 
an , when lying to, 36 miles are allowed for 20 


drift, to the north-west. Lewin /uvas. Brit. 82 
‘The maximum drift for a single tide [in the English Chan- 
nel]..is eighteen miles, and the minimum nine miles. 
¢. Gunnery. The constant deviation of an elon- 
gated rotating projectile in the direction of its 
rotation ; = DERIVATION 2. 
Tel. 4 May, The hexagon: 
limited with regard to lateral drift or deflection than the 
other two kinds of shot. 1867 in Smyrn Sailor's Word-bk. 
d. Slow movement of a galvanometer-needle, 
generally due to changes in the torsional elasticity 
of the suspending fibre. 

3. fig. Natural or unconscious course, progress, 
process (of action, argument, + time, etc.) ; esp. in 
reference to direction or probable result : Tendency. 

1549 CovERDALE, etc. Evasm. Par. 2 Cor. 61 Since 
drifte of myne epistle hath brought me to the visions and 
reuelacions of the Lorde Jesus. 1575 Lanenam Let. (1871) 


46 Such a drifte of tyme was 1594 T. B. 
La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 5 That Epicurean ine, 
whose only drift is..to turne men from all religion. 1796 


Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 173 The whole drift of 
their institution is cont to that ot the wise legislators 
of all countries. 1891 T. W. Reto Life Ld. Houghton 1. 
x. 441 The general drift of affairs on the Continent. 

4. The conscious direction of action or speech to 
some end; the end itself; what one is ‘driving at’ ; 
purpose, intention, object, aim. (Now rare, exc. 
in reference to speech or writing: see also b.) 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 168b, To imagyn.. 
what is the sa oad of y* kynge in his iyament. 1602 
Warner Add, Eng. 1x. xlviii. (1612) 223 Our drift (quoth 
he) a Conquest is. 178: Cowrer Let. 19 Oct., My sole drift 
is to be useful. 1855 Tennyson Maud 1. 1v. viii, The drift 


| ofthe Maker is dark, an Isis hid by the veil. 


b. Meaning, purport, tenor, scope (ofa speech or 
writing). Now the usual sense. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1 Harde it is..to per- 
ceyue the processe and dryfte of this treatyse. 
Futrer Ch, //ist. 1x. vii. §17 The main drift and scope 
these pamphlets. . was to se a and disgrace the English 
Prelates. 1768 Gotpsm. Good-n. Man ut. i, I see the 
whole drift of your argument. 1868 Heirs Readmah vi. 
Pad 124, I cannot see the general drift and purpose of 
the story. 

+5. A scheme, plot, design, device. Ods. 

1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) Il. 76x That drift was 
by the Queene not unwisely devised. 1 Bate Thre 
Lawes 1462 Now wyll I contryue the of an other 

laye. 1603 Knoutes Hist. Turks (1621) 647 Beware that 
by their wily drifts thou — not. 1674 N. Faimrax 
Bulk & Selv, 193 Those..hallowed drifts, and everlasting 
well wishes for the happiness of. .sinful man, 

+6. Putting off, delay, procrastination, [Cf. 
DRIVE v. 22.] Sc. Obs. 

a 1558Q. Mary Answ. Thomworth in Keith Hist.Ch, Scot. 
(1734) App. 102 (Jam.) Scho intendit na drift of tyme, ae 

. Bruce £ Serm. v. 5a (Jam.) Lang drift and y 
of thinges hoped for. Litucow 7raz, x. 484 These 
promises. .were to be performed againe Michaelmasse. . But 
this day come he continued his drifts. 

II. That which is driven. 

7. A number of animals driven or moving along 
in a body; a drove, herd, flock, + flight (of birds), 
+ swarm (of bees). Rarely of persons. Ods. or dial. 

‘ = 4 St. Ci goa “4 pe Dri clas & in 
a 7 . Sf, Albans tame 1. 
1 pee ee Catech, (1884) 32 Cursit is the drift of 
thine Oxin. 1613 Br. Haut. Holy Panegyrick 45 Whole 
driftes of quailes. De For Voy. round World (1840) 
316 Marks of cattle having there, as if t had 
gone in driftsor droves, 1816 Let. to Morritt 16 May 


Lockhart, V thinks pf coms off a drift of my neigh- 

boal’s sheng. 1828 Craven ial, Drift, a drove of cattle. 

8. A shower (of rain, snow, dust, etc.) driven 
along by the wind ; a driving mass. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 22462 fall dun fra_pe lijft A 
blodi rain, a dreri drift. 1569 Satir. Poems Reform. x. 320 
In snaw, sleit, drift, wind, froist, hailstanis rane. 
Suaks. Yokn u. i. 412 Our Thunder .. Shall raine 
drift of bullets on this Towne, 1725 Pore Odyss. vit. 128 
Drifts of rising dust involve the sky, 1842 Tennyson 7% 

Oak ii, The city lies, Beneath its drift of smoke. 1886 Ruskin 

Preterita\, 290 Exposed to drift of rain under violent. .wind. 
b. An accumulation of snow, sand, etc., driven 

together by the wind. (In quot. 1645 applied to 

a bed or vein of metal.) Alte aaa 7 

Cursor M. is castel .. quitter es 

drifieh @ 1400-50 res 1756 (Dubl. M ‘A flaw 

of fell snaw fallen .. fro pe drifte. 1634 Sir T. 

Trav. 9x The sands by the fury of Tempests lies. 

drifts. 1645 Quartes Sol. Recant, iv. au. 


once was road, ‘ews 12 3/1 The appa- 
rent, careless nest sre held by clusters of ostrich feathers 
t Ae are 

ee3 Jind, ro Mar, 5/8 A drift of lace fell over the 
large sleeves. Z 


DRIFT. 


9. Floating matter driven by currents of water ; a 
floating log, or mass of wood, etc. so driven. 

1600 Haxtuyt Voy. (1810) III. 530 Foure leagues from 
the lande, you finde..many drifts of rootes, leaues of trees, 
{etc.]. 1627 Carr. Smitn Seaman's Gram. ix. 43 A Drift is 
any thing floating in the sea that is of wood. 1666 DryDEN 
Ann. Miraé. clvi, Some log perhaps upon the waters swam, 
An useless drift. 1856 Emerson Eng. /raits, Voy. to Eng. 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 11 We crept along through the floating 
drift of boards, logs, and chips. i 

10. Geol. A term applied (a) to any superficial 
deposit caused by a current of water or air; also 
(6) spec. (the Drift) to Pleistocene deposits of 

lacial and fluvio-glacial detritus, also known as 

ulder-clay, and ¢2i/; diluvium. 

1839 Murcuison Silur. Syst. 1. xxxvii. 509 Each region of 
the earth has its own superficial diluvia, produced by 
separate and distinct action; [for these] the unambiguous 
word drift is proposed. 1852 D, Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) 
I. i. 30 Accumulations of marine and fresh water shingle 
and gravel called drift. 1865 Lussock Preh. Times Pref. 

1878) 1 The Flint Implements of the Drift. 1869 R. B. 

myTH Goldf. Victoria 609 Drift, loose sand or a very 
loose friable alluvial deposit met with in some places close 
to the washdirt. 1882 Geikie 7ext-bh. Geol. vi. Vv. i. § 1. 
858 This ‘glacial drift’ spreads over the low ground of the 

laciated districts. 1892 Garpiner Stud. Hist. Eng. 2 
These Palzolithic men of the river drift. 

Fas 1878 W. P. Roserts Law § God 44 In the Protestant 
rift may often be found. .the implements of Rome. 

b. attrib. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) 
I, 288 The mountain from which all these drift boulders 
were detached. 1865 Lussock Preh. Times 323 This 
drift-age cone..is about twelve times as large as that now 
forming. 1 W. S. Symonns Rec. Rocks iv. 113 The 
removal of the drift deposits allows the underlying rocks 
to become visible. " ; 

11. a. A set of fishing-nets. b. A large kind of 
net used in the herring, pilchard, and mackerel 
fishery, extended by weights at the bottom and 
floats at the top, and allowed to drift with the 
tide; also called dvift-net (see 19 Cc). 

1834 H. Mitcer Scenes § Leg. xvii. (1857) 260 A complete 
drift of nets. 1844 W. H. Maxwe et Sorts § Adv. Scotl. 
(1855) 322 A drift of nets consists of from sixteen to twenty- 
six. 1854 H. Mitzer Sch. & Schm. (1858) 440 Not a her- 
ring swam so low as the upper baulk of our drift. 

+e. A fanciful name for a company of fishers, 

is Bk, St, Albans ¥F vjb, A Drifte of fishers. 

12. A series of piles driven in. 
rgenh, Breach 75 The said Drift of dove- 
tail’d Piles. 90 A new Drift of Piles on the Thames side. 

18. Technical senses. a. A tool used for driving 
or ramming something (e.g. for driving piles). b. A 
steel tool for enlarging or shaping a hole in a piece 
of metal; adrift-pin. . ‘ A priming-iron used to 
clear the vent of ordnance from burning particles 
after each discharge’ (Smyth Saz/or’s Word-6h.), 
d. Ship-building (see 1st quot. ¢ 1850). 

1 Hu toet, Drift, betle, or malle, to dryue pyles or 
stakes, fistuca, 171x W. SUTHERLAND Shipbuilder’s Assist. 
164 Torm-pieces; the finishing Pieces, or those which 
terminate the Drifts. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 
(ed. 2) 77. Needles, Quadrants, Wooden Drifts. 1850 
Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 Drifts, those parts where the 
sheer is raised according to the heights of the decks or 
gangways, and where the rails are cut off and ended by 
scrolls. “1830 Weate Dict. Terms, Drift, a piece of har- 
dened steel, notched at the sides and made slightly taper- 
ing..used for enlarging a hole in a piece of metal to 
a particular size by being driven through it. 1864 WessTER, 
Drift, a tool used in driving down compactly the composi- 
tion contained in a rocket, or like firework. 1874 [see 
drift-pin in 19 c.)._ 188x [see Drirt v. 6). 

e. Ship-building. The difference between the 
size of a bolt and the hole into which it is driven, 
or between the circumference of a hoop and the 
circumference of the mast on which it is to be 
driven. (Ogilvie.) 

1792 Trans. Soc. Arts X. 227 Being a bolt of two drifts, 
{it] could not be driven out. 1823 Crass Zechnol. Dict. 

II. A course or way along which something is 
driven. 

14. gen. A track. poetic and rare. 

a@1711 Ken Hymmnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 182 Birds. . 
passing through the airy Drift. 

5. Mining, etc. A passage ‘driven’ or ex- 
cavated horizontally, for working, exploration, 
ventilation, or draining; esf. one driven in the 
direction of a mineral vein. See Drirrway 3. 

1653 MaAntove Lead Mines sj eles A may cause [to be] 
open’d Drifts, and Sumps, RimATY Crty & C. Build. 
Se conveniency of driving a drift or sough, from the 

ttom of the hills to the sole of the Rake. 1708 J.C. 
Compl. Collier (1845) 13 A Diift or Watercourse from the 
old Pits, 1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss. s. v., A drift follows 
the vein, as distinguished from a cross-cut, which intersects 
it, or a level or gallery, which may do either. 

16. A lane or road along which horses or cattle 
are driven; =Drirtway 1. ocal. 

1686 Evetyn in 15/h Rep, Hist. MSS. Comm. App. 1. 132 
Why it should be made a common drift at all times, does not 
at all consist with .. convenience, 1847-78 in HActiweELL. 
1865 W. Wuite £. Exg. II. 79 I went..diagonally, across 
the wheatfield, and presently struck the ‘ drift", which has 
the appearance of an old pack-horse road, 1888 RipER 
Haccarp Col. Quaritch i, The broad way that led to it .. 
was a drift or grass lane, 

17. S. Africa. [a. col. Du, drift] A passage of 
a river; a ford, 

Vor, III, 


172t Perry D. 


665 


1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa I. 401 The road 
..crosses two or three ‘drifts’ or fords. 1852 F. Freminc 
Kaffraria (1854) 46 Where the road crosses a river, what is 
called a drift is made..by clearing the bed of the river of 
large stones, and cutting a sloping roadway through the 
banks on either side. 1856 C. J. ANDERsson Lake Ngami 
Se The passage of the Orange river..at what is called 

endlings Drift, or the missionary ford. Z 

IV. 18. Naut. Length of rope paid out before 
a fastening is made; length that a tackle will 


reach from its fixed point ; distance so estimated. 

1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 47 Allow a fathom drift 
-- Bend it to the bunt becket, to allow the same drift as the 
buntlines, 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 120 In ships 
with great drift between the fore and main yards, the boats 
are hoisted in. .with the launches purchase. 

V..19. attrib. and Comb. a. gen. as drift: 
borer (see 15), -cloud, -current, -1 ail (see 13 a), 
-rain, -sand ; drift-covered, -strewn adjs. b. Geol. 
See 10 b. 

1637 R. Humpnrey tr. S¢, Ambrose 11. 13 The drift sand, 
pible stones and gravell lying on the shore. 1749 J. SmitH 
Voy. Disc. 11. 141 To go to the Bottom of the Bay to search 
for drift Fins [i.e.whales}]. 1793 Smeaton /dystone L. § 238 
The dormant wedge or that with the point upward, being 
held in the hand, while the drift wedge or that with its 
point downward, was driven witha hammer. 1856 //onseh. 
Words XIII. 544 Miners from Cornwall, drift borers from 
Wales. 1875 BeprorD Sailor's Pocket-bk. iv. (ed. 2) 102 
The Drift Current is merely the effect of the wind on the 
surface of the water. 

ce. Special combs.: drift-anchor, a floating 
wooden frame or the like, used to keep the ship’s 
head to the wind in a gale or when dismasted 
(called also drag-, sea-anchor) ; arift-boat, a boat 
for fishing with a drift-net; drift-bolt (earlier 
drive-bolt) see quot.; drift-fish, fish taken with a 
drift-net ; so drift-fisher, -fishery, -herring, -sprat; 
drift-keel = BILGE-KEEL; drift-mining, gold- 
mining carried on by making drifts (sense 15) 
along the detrital material in the channels of 
former rivers, now covered by more recent deposits; 
drift-net =sense 11 b (also a//rib.) ; drift-netter, 
one who fishes with a drift-net; drift-piece (see 
quot. 1850 and sense 13d); drift-pin, drift- 
punch = sense 13 b; drift-road = Drirrway 1; 
drift-sail (see quot. 1627); drift-timber = 
Dnrirt-woop; drift-weed, (a) sea-weed drifted 
on shore by the waves; (4) a name for the gulf- 
weed (Sargassa baccifera) and tangle (Laminaria 
digttata); + drift-wind, a wind that drives or 
impels (0és.). Also DRIFT-ICE, -WAY, -WOOD. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Drift-anchor. 1881 Times 
27 Apr. 6/4 She had lost both her masts, and was riding to 
a drift anchor. 18§r Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 11. 800 
Model of..the new Mevagissey *drift and fishing boat. 
1883 Leisure Hour 697/2 A drift-boat carries from eight to 
twenty nets. 1867 SmytH Saslor’s Word-bk., * Drift-bolts, 
commonly made of steel, are used as long punches for 
driving out other bolts. 1864 Glasgow Daily Herald 24 
Sept., I have sold *drift-fish for 12s... both drift herring and 
trawled herring would be selling for 8s. /é/d., 1 was 
a trawler when trawling was permitted, and a *drift fisher 
as well. 1869 Sir E. J. Reep Shipdurld. ii. 43 Side-keels 
..[also] known as ‘ *drift-keels’, ‘auxiliary-keels’, ‘ bilge- 
keels’, 1848 C. A. Jouns Week at Lizard 43 At nighttall 
the nets are set either across or parallel to the tide and 
suffered to drift with it, hence they are called ‘ “drift nets’. 
1885 7imes 25 May 9 Line and drift-net fishermen. 1711 
W. Sutuercanp Shipbuilder’s Assist. 75 Verm Pieces or 
*Drift Pieces sided. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 
Drift-pieces, solid pieces, fitted at the driits, to form the 
scrolls. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., *Drift-pin, a hand tool 
of metal driven into a hole to shape it; as the drift which 
makes the square socket in the watch-key. 1869 Sir E. J. 
Reep Shipbuild. x. 198 When the holes are badly punched 
the workman drives in a steel *drift-punch..and the plate 
is thus forced and torn and the holes enlarged, 1627 
Capt. Smitu Seaman’s Gram. vii. 31 A *Drift saile is onely 
vsed vnder water..to keepe the Ships head right vpon the 
Sea in a storme, or when a ship driues too fast in a current. 
1727-5r Cuamsers Cycl., Drift-sail,.is generally used by 
fishermen, aoelly in the North-sea, 1850 Lyett 2nd 
Visit U.S. 11. 140 To visit the mouths of the Mississippi, 
and see the banks of sand, mud, and *drift timber, recently 
formed there, 7845 Darwin Voy, Nat. x. (1879) 220 The 
high-water mark of *drift-weed on a sea-beach. 1612 7% 
Noble K. v. iii, Waters, That *drift-winds force to raging. 

,v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. intr. To move as driven or borne along by a 
current ; to float or move along with the stream or 
wind; = DRIVE 2. 26. b. Of snow, sand, etc.; To 
collect in heaps driven together by the wind. 

?.a1600 Robin Hood 61 Cam dryfting owyr the ley. 1762 
Farconer S/tfwr. ut. 185 Drifting fast on Grecia's rocky 
strand. 1828 Scott #. M. Perth xxiv, We must let her 
drift with the current. 1869 Putturs Vesuv. iii. 67 Columns 
of smoke and ashes which drifted to the south-east. 1894 
J.T. Fowter Adamnan Introd. 66 Beds of sand, which 
drift like snow, 

¢e. transf, and fig. To move or pass passively or 
aimlessly; to be carried involuntarily or without 
effort in some course or into some condition. 

1822 Haziitr 7adle-t, Ser. u. i, (1869) 8 Drift with the 
tide ofnonsense. 1865 R. W. Date Yew. Tems. xi, (1877) 121 
They..were fast drifting towards apostasy. 1885 Manch, 
Exam. 30 Mar. 5/2 Content to let things drift. 

2. trans. To drive or carry along, as by a current 
of water or air; to blow into heaps (snow, sand, etc.). 

a@ 1618 SyivesteR Mem, Mortalitie u. iv, Time flits as 


DRIFTINGLY. 


Winde .. Who knowes what ills it every moment drifteth. 
1748 F. Smitn Voy. Disc. 1. 166 In Places where the Snow 
is drifted by the Wind. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 
334 Into civil war the nation had no intention of permitting 
themselves to be drifted. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene 
(ed. 3) 296 Can malaria be drifted to the place in any way ? 

3. trans. To cover with drifts (of snow, etc.) ; 
also znér. for reff. to become covered with drifts. 

a1851 Moir Poems, Birth Flowers xvii, When Winter 
drifts the fields With snow. 1864 LoweELt Fireside Trav. 
250 ‘The sides of the road were drifted with heaps of wild 
hawthorn and honeysuckle. 1892 W. Pike Barren Gr. N. 
Canada 105 Our tracks had drifted up. 

+4. trans. To put off, delay, defer; = DRIVE v. 
22. Sc. Obs. 

1584 J. Carmicuaer Let. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 434 
To drift time awhile. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech., 
Confession 3 To drifte to do poenance for oure sinnes quhil 
the houre of deathe. 1619 Z. Boyp Last Battell (1629) 237 
(Jam.) If thou delay and drift him yntill morrow. 

5. To drive at, aim at, try to effect. Ods. 

1602 Warner 4/6, Eng. xi. 1xix. (1612) 291 Not sooner 
Dorcas had deuis’d, but Elenor it drifts. /did., Epitome, 
Which Elfrick.. drifted the murther of King Edmund. a 1618 
SyLvesteR Cup of Consolation 16 Dark Limbo’s Potentate 
Drifts Man’s destruction. 

6. Mech. To form or enlarge 
drift (Drirt sd. 13 b.) 

1869 Sir E, J. Resp SA/pduild. xix. 415 Drifting unfair 
holes would be considered bad work. 188x GREENER Gut 
251 The hole is drifted from round to square by knocking in 
different-sized drifts. 

7. (Mining.) intr. To excavate a drift (see Drirr 
56.15); trans, to excavate a drift in; = DRIVEv. Io. 

1864 in WessteR. 1872 Raymonp Statist. Mines & 
Mining 179 They have sunk a shaft..over 50 feet, and 
intend to go to a depth of 200, drifting east and west at 
100 feet. 1884 Harfer's Mag, Mar. 524/1 It is tunnelled 
or ‘drifted ’ as in one of the hill-side mines, 

Hence Dri‘fted ///. a. 

1726-46 THOMSON IV 7xter 285 Impatient flouncing through 
the drifted heaps. 1778 T. Hutcutns Descr. Virginia &c. 
3t The Channel is obstructed with. .Islands, formed by 
trees and drifted wood. 1847 Emerson Poets (1857) 47 
Struggling through the drifted roads. 1882 Darly Jel. 4 
May, Sprung landings held with unfair or drifted holes. 
age (drittéedz). [f Drirr v. + -ace.] 

1. The process or operation of drifting. 

1862 M. Hopkins //awazi 414 There is always a driftage 
of the [sounding] line. 1867 SmytH Sarlor’s Word-bk., 
Driftage, the amount due to lee-way, 1877 Le Contr 
Elem. Geol. (1879) 135 The rate of peat-growth depends 
upon..the manner of accumulation, whether entirely by 
growth of plants 7 sz¢z, or partly by driftage. 

2. concr. Drifted material. (Cf. wreckage.) 

1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia (ed. 2) 63 No hopes of 
any valuable driftage from [the wreck]. 1835 HAWTHORNE 
Amer. Note-bks. 15 June (1883) 13 Among the heaps of 
sea-weed there were sometimes small pieces of painted 
wood, bark, and other driftage. 

Dri‘ftal, «2. xave. [f. Drier sb.+-au.]  Per- 
taining to or of the nature of drift. 

18., ALLEN in Coues Birds N.-W. (1874) 10 The driftal 


(a hole) with a 


débris adhering to the trees serves to mark the ‘high- 
water! line. 
Drifter (dri-fte1). [fas prec.+-ER1.] a. ger. 


One who or that which drifts. b. A/énzng. A 
miner who excayates drifts (see DRIFT sé. 15). @. 
A boat or man engaged in fishing with a drift-net. 

1864 Daily Tel. 16 Aug. The lead of rich pay dirt was 
lost for a short time, but..the drifters found it again. 1883 
Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 79 Model of Drifter for Herring 
Fisheries. 1887 Daily News 27 Sept. 4/6 The proposal... 
that trawlers should fish only in the daytime, and drifters 
only during the nighttime. 

ice. [f. Drirrsé.] Drifting or drifted 
ice; esp. detached pieces of ice drifting with the 
wind or ocean currents. 

1600 Haxruyt Voy. III. 65 (R.) We were greatly endan- 
gered with a piece of drift yce, which the ebbe brought 
foorth of the sounds. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 
221 The Coast so full of drift Ice, that it is almost inaccessi- 
ble. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1892 We spent the 
night standing off and on, among the drift ice. 1820 
Scoressy in Ann. Reg. u. 1324 Drift-ice consists of pieces 
less than floes, of various shapes and magnitudes. 

i g, vbl. sb, [f. Drirrv.+-1ne 1] The 
action of the verb Drirt, q.v.; also concr. (p/.) 


that which is drifted. 

1821 Keats /sabella xiv, The rich-ored driftings of the 
flood. 1891 Echo 10 Mar. 3/3 The drifting has caused many 
roads to be impassable. . 

+b. Putting off; lapse (of time). Os. 

1619 J. Fornes Certain Rec. (1846) 1. x. 496 No drifting 

of time sould cause them to alter. 
+e. Scheming, machination. Ods. 

1602 Warner Alb. Eng, xu. Ixxv. (1612) 313 Italian 
Driftings, and such Sinnes. 

Drifting, 7//. a. [f. as prec.+-1n@*.] That 
drifts ; see the verb. 

1749 F, Smitn Voy. Disc. Il. 43 Intensely cold, with ex- 
cessive Frost and drifting Snow, 1847 Emerson Poewts, 
Woodnotes Wks. (Bohn) I, 423 Drifting sand-heaps. 1890 
Botprewoon Cot. Reformer (1891) 331 The gaunt, perish. 
ing seaman on the drifting raft. 

+b. Designing, aiming, scheming. Oés. 

1602 Warner Alb, Eng. 1x. liii, (1612) 239 Ill drifting 
Rome and Spaine. 

Hence Dri‘ftingly adv. 

1859 Chamb. Frnl. XI. 128 The fading clouds, all drift- 
ingly, Submerge, 1895 A. Austin in Blackw. Mag. 639/2 
To fish driftingly from one end of Lough Inagh to oe er, 

$4 


_DRIFTLESS. * 


Driftland : see Drorianp. 

Driftless (dri-ftlés), a. [f. Drrrr.sd, + -LEss.] 

1. Having no drift, purport, or gent aimless. 

1806 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. II. 536 The primi- 
tive meaning of ambi; therefore is driftless. a 18 
H. Tayior A utobiog. (885) I. vi. g5 A reckless and t- 
less conduct in life. ; 

2. Geol. Free from drift: see Drirr sd. 10. | 

1873 J. Gemkie Gt. Ice J xxxii. 465 The ‘ driftless region’ 
of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. 

Hence Dri‘ftlessness, aimlessness. ; 

180r W. Tayior in Monthly Mag. X11. 582 An apparent 
driftlessness of the events and characters. 

Driftway, drift-way (drift,wé'). [f£ Drirr 
5b.+ Way.) 

1. A lane or road along which cattle or horses 
are driven to pasture or market; a drove-road: 
see also quot. 1884. (In local use.) 

1611 Award conc. Holland Fen, Lincolnsh., The said 
commoners. .to leave a driftway for the cattle and beasts 
of the said Edward Dymocke. 1772 Rhode [s/. Colonial 
Rec. (1862) VII. 54 An Act empowering the several town 
councils..to lay out drift-ways in their respective towns. 
1880 Wittiams Nights of Common 324 A way may be 
either a footway, or a bridleway, or a driftway for cattle. 
1884 Hate Christm. in Narragansett xi. 41 ‘ Driftway’.. 
is..a cross-road to the sea by which the sea-weed..may be 
hauled up to their homes. 

2. Naut. The amount by which a vessel drifts 
out of her course ; lee-way. 

172 Baitey, Drift Way, (of a sas is the same as Lee- 
way. 1867 in SmytH Sazlor’s Word-bk. 

3. Mining, etc. = Drirr sé, 15; also, a small 
gallery driven in advance of a tunnel, etc. 

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 371/2 The miners begin to exca- 
vate laterally by forming a heading or driftway along the 
level of the upper part of the tunnel. Sometimes such 
a drift is formed throughout the whole length of the tunnel 
before any part is opened out to the full size. 1861 Smices 
Engineers 1. 444 The excavations..proceeded in opposite 
directions to meet the other driftways..in progress. 

Drift-wood, driftwood. Wood floating 
on, or cast ashore by, the water. 

(1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage (1614) 743 They have no wood 
but drift.) 1633 T. James Voy. 26 There was great store of 
drift wood. 1780 Coxe Russ. Disc. 42 Forobieff built 
another small vessel with drift-wood. 1 R. H. Dana Bef 
Mast xxiii. 72 [We] made a fire..with the drift-wood. 

Drifty (drifti), a. [f. Drirr sd. +-y. 

+1. Full of secret aims; wily. (Cf. Drirt sd. 5.) 

1571 Campion Hist. Jred. 1. ix. (1633) 106 Ormond was 
secret and drifty. 

2. Characterized by drifts, of the nature of a drift. 

1730 I. Boston Mem. xii. 435 That drifty day stopt 
a funeral. 1785 Burns Winter Night viii, Through the 
ragged roof and chinky wall, Chill, o'er his slumbers, piles 
the drifty heap! 1881 J. Russert Hazgs xi. 301 The 
‘Thirteen Drifty Days in which the storm culminated in the 
month of February here: 

Drifun, obs. pa. pple. of Driver v. 

Drige, drize, drigh.e, obs. ff. Dry, Dree v. 

+ Driggle-draggle. Obs. exc. dial. [Re- 
duplicated f. DRAGGLE v., with vowel-alternation ; 
cf. dingle-dangle, etc.] A slut, slattern, drab. 
Also attrib., slatternly. 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. vi. 33b, If there be any 
driggle draggle in Shrewsbury. 1593 Vel/-Troth's N. Y. 
Gift 14 Those driggell draggells (whose wicked and las- 
civious lives have wasted their bodies). 16rx FLorio, 
Zaccara, a driggle-draggle strumpet. 1888 ELwortuy 
W, Somerset Word-bk, Driggle-draggle, adv. and sb., in 
a slovenly, slatternly manner—specially applied to women’s 
dress; also as an epithet. 

+Dright!. Os. In 1-3 dryht, driht, 5 
drizt. [OE. dryht, driht multitude, army, ople 
=O. druht, OHG., MHG. truht, ON. adit: cf. 
Goth. ga-drauhts soldier; f. dréogan to do, per- 
form, work, do military service; see DREE v.] A 
multitude, host, army. 

a 1000 Cedmon's Exod, 78 Drihta zedrymost. 
Lay. g2 Pes duc mid his drihte to 
@ 1400-50 A lexander 3868 Dragons dr 
derfe hillis. 

b. attrib. and Comd., as arightfare, march of 
a host, procession, throng; drightfolk, people, 
army; drightman, warrior. (OE, and early ME.) 
a1000 Cxdmon's Exod. 34 Pa wes..deade zedrenced 
drihtfolca mxst. ¢x20g Lay. 14715 Hengest gon to flonnen 
mid al his driht-monnen. /67d. 16584 He wende in to 
Cuninges-burh mid his driht folke. axaas Leg, Kath.185a 
Wid swuch dream & drihtfare as drihtin deah to cumene, 

Dright *: see Dricurin. 

Drighte : see Drercu v.2 

+Drightin, -ten, abbrev. dright. Os. 
Forms: a, 1-4 drihten, 3 drizten, (Orm.) drihh- 
tin, drittin, 3-4 drijztin, drihtin, 4 drightinn, 
-un, drijtyn, dry3t(t)yn, 4-5 driztine, drigh- 
tin(e, dryghtyn(e, 5 drichtine. 8. 3-4 driht(e, 
3 dryght, 3-4 drichte, 4 dright(e, drytte, 4-5 
dry3t(e. [OE. dryhten, drihten = OS. drohtin, 
OF ris. drochten, OHG. truhtin, ON. dréttinn, f. 
dryht, Dricut! with suffix -éo-2: ef. Goth. &in- 
dins governor, L, dominus, etc.) A lord, ruler, 
chief; sfec. the Lord God, or Christ. 

a. Beowulf (Th.) 2973 Geata dryhten. bid. 3113 bay 


¢ 1205 
re se him droh, 
es doun o drizt fra be 


Drihten rodera radend. ¢1000 ASirric Exod. xx. 10 


666 


Arth. 

©1475 Rauf Coilyear 8 c 

ye Trin. Coll. Hom. 187 Manie mannisshe Ly pes 

ure drihte. c1aso Hymn to 5 ibid. App. 258 Folkes 
fader, heouenliche drichte. a 1300 Cursor M. 11000 

eo dright. ¢2z315 SHOREHAM 33 Bye drytte. c 1380 

Ke Ferumb. 407 3 hel by drizte! c1q4g0 Myc 

1470 To burye the dede as owre dry3t. 

+ Hence (only in OE. and early ME.): Dri*ght- 
ness (drihtnesse), majesty, godhead; Dri‘ght- 
ful, Dri‘ghtlike (drihtlic) adjs., lordly, noble. 

Beowulf (Th.) 2320 Hie. .drihtlice wif to Denum feredon. 
@ 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 1843 Him drihtlicu mag .. puhte. 
1175 Lamb, Hom. 101 Preo on hadan and an god. .on ane 
drihtnesse and godnesse. c 1205 Lay. 24762 Al pi drihtliche 
uolc. ar Leg. Kath, 1123 He ne je. ,undedlich- 
nesse onont his drihtnesse. a 1225 ¥u/iana 13 pe drihtfule 
godd apollo mi lauerd. 

Drih, Drijfe, obs. ff. Drez a, Drive v. 

Drill (dril), sd. Also 5 drylle, 7 dril, drille. 

In sense 2, goes with Dritt v.2; sénse 1 offers 

ifficulties, and is not certainly the same word.] 

+1. A small draught (of liquid). Obs. rare. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 132/t Drylle, or lytylle drafte of 
drynke, haustillus, f 

. A (? trickling) rivulet or small stream ; a rill. 

1641 G. Sanpys Paraphr. Song Sol. 1v. ii, Those living 
Springs.. Whose Drils our plants with moisture feed. 1719 
De For Crusoe1. x, Meadow-land..which had two or three 
.-drills of fresh water in it. 1751 R. Pattock P. Wilkins 
xxxiv. (1883) 93/1 Coming to my drill’s mouth, I fixed m 
implements for a draft there. 1819 G. SamovetLe Entomol, 
Compend., 313 The drills in marshes should be examined. 

Drill (dril), 54.2 Also 7 dril. [Insense 1 prob. 
immed, a. Du. dri/, drille, in same sense (in Kilian 
1599, and prob. in MDu.), f. dvillen: see DRILL 
v.3; in other senses app. from the vb. in Eng.] 

I. Mechanical and technical senses. 

1. An instrument for drilling or boring ; applied 
to contrivances of many kinds for boring holes in 
metal, stone, and other hard substances, from a 
pointed steel tool to an elaborate drilling machine. 

1611 Cotcr., 7rapfpan, a Stone-cutters Drill, the toole 
wherewith he bores little holes in marble, &c. 1688 R. 
HoiMe Armoury i. 322/1 The Drill is a shaft or long Pin 
of Iron with a Steel point. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 6 
Drills are used for the making such Holes as Punches will 
not conveniently serve for. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 
I. 185 The drill is a revolving cutter .. to form circular 
holes in iron or other material. 1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss. 
s.v., The ordinary miner’s drill is a bar of steel, with a chisel- 
shaped end. 2 

2. A shell-fish which is destructive to oyster-beds 
by boring into the shells of young oysters ; a borer. 

1886 Sci. Amer. Suppl. XXII. 8868 The little Uttorinas, 
the destructive ‘drill’ which works itsway into the shell 
of the young oysters. ; : 

3. Manner or style of drilling, or in which a hole 
is drilled, 

1 Loncr, Kavanagh 22 He..said the drill of the 
[needle’s] eye was superior to any other. 

II. Military and derived senses. 

4. The action or method of instructing in military 
evolutions ; military exercise or training; with a 
and J/. an exercise of this nature. 

21637 B. Jonson Underivoods \xii. 29 He that but saw 
thy curious captain's drill, Would think no more of Sera 
or the Brill. 1809 WELLINGTON 24 June in Gurw. Desf. 1V. 
463, I propose to give the best drilled of the seven battalions 
coming to Portugal, in order to assist tid drills. 3859 
Jeruson Brittany ii. 15 A company of soldiers. .at drill. 

5. One who drills (others) ; a drill-master. 

1814 Scott Wav. |xii, Her husband was my sergeant- 
major ., and got on by being a good drill. 1894 D. C. 
Murray Making of Novelist 57 The various drills laboured 
at him like galley-slaves, : 

fig. Rigorous training or discipline; exact 
routine; strict methodical instruction. 

1815 W. H. Iretanp Scribbleomania 51 Thy worn quill 
Too often hath needed Apollo's sharp drill. bs Emerson 
Lett. & Soc, Aims, por pay Wks. (Bohn) ILI. 194 This 
wise mixture of good drill in Latin grammar with good drill 
in cricket, boating, and wrestling. 

III. 7. attrib. and Comb. a. Pertaining toa drill 
or boring instrument, as dril/-hole, -holder, -room, 
-spindle, -string; drill-like adj.; arill-barrel, a 
cylinder round the shank of a drill, on which the 
string of the drill-bow works; drill-bow, a bow 
used for working a drill; drill-chuck, -extractor, 
-gauge, -jar, -pin, -plate (= BREAST-PLATE 3 b), 
-press, -stock (see quots.). 

_ 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 6 The bi the *Drill-barrel 
is, the easier it runs about, but less swift... You must. . keep 
yea *Drill-Bow straining your String pretty stiff. 1865 

LuBpock Preh, Times xiv. (1869) 513 The Dacotahs used a 
drill bow for the purpose of obtaining fire. 1874 KnicuT 
Dict. Mech., * Drill-chuck, a chuck in a lathe or he 
machine for holding the shank of the drill. /did., *D: 
extractor, a tool or implement for extracting from deep 
borings a broken or a detached drill, /éid., bated ym 
a tool for determining the angle of the basil or edge of a 
drill. /id., * Drili-jar, a. .stone or well-boring tool in which 
the tool-holder is lifted and dropped mage x 
Battarp in Phil. Trans, XX. 420 Little. .*drill-like pieces 
of Steel. 1850 Cuuss Locks & Keys 15 The *drill pins of 


the locks, and the pipes of the keys, 1874 Knicur Dict. 


DRILL, 


Mech., Drill-pin, a pin in a lock which enters the hollow 
stab A ee ey Mech. Exerc. 7 *Drill-Plate, 


or Breast 
Drill in, when you drill a hole. 1864 Wesster, *Dril/- 


*Drill-stock, the holdfast for a metal drill. 1703 Moxon 
Mech, Exerc. 6 You ma: i quire. 1* 
strings ; the st: ings for the largest Drills. 


rongest 
b. Pertaining to or connected with military drill, 
as drill-day, -ground, -instructor, -master, -purpose, 
-room; drill-sergeant, a non-commissioned officer 


Regul. & Ord. 
i-Ground. 


Treas. Dav. Ps. xviii. 34 The 
* Drill of h } 14; 


name.}] A West African species of baboon, 
Cynocephalus leucopheus. 

1644 Butwer Chirol. Aiv, The dumb Ginnie Drills. 1652 
— Anthropomet. (1653) 439 This relation of —— shows 
this creature to have been a kind of Gin: Drill, which this 
Michaelmas Terme, 1652, 1 saw neare ing Crosse... 
which Drill is since dead, and I believe dissected. 
Cievetanp Char, Diurnal-m. 12 A Diurnall-maker is 
antemark [antimask] of an Historian, he differs from him as 
a Drill from a man. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Dril..a large 
over-grown Ape, or Baboon, socalled. 1726 Swirt /t cannot 
rain but it pours Wks. 1755 III. 1. 136 His ears.. he can 
move like a drill, and turn ‘he towards the sonorous object. 
1847 CARPENTER Zool. § 156 The Drill .. is rather smaller 
in stature than the Mandrill..The face is black; but the 

is orange-coloured. 

Drill, 5.4 [Perh. the same word as Dri sé.1, 
in its sense of rill, runnel: cf. the senses of Ger. 
ville small furrow, drill, chamfer.] 

1. A small furrow made in the soil, in which seed 
is sown ; a ridge having such a furrow on its top; 
also, the row of plants thus sown. 

1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. s.v. Carnation, The seed ma‘ 
be sown .. in drills drawn cross a bed by a Line. 1772 T. 
Stmpson Vermin-Killer 2, Field rats. .will .. run along the 
drills of peas. 1787 Winter Syst. usb. 184 The drills were 
eight inches asunder. 1834 Penny Cyci. 1. 224/2 The seed 
sown by hand falls into the bottom of the drills. fod. 
A drill of potatoes or turnips. Mv . 

2. A machine for sowing seed in drills, now 
usually having contrivances for drawing furrows 
and for covering the seed when sown. 

173 J. Tutt Horse-hoeing Husb. xxii. 147 The Drill is 
the Engine that plants our Corn and other Geds in Rows; 
it makes the Channels, sows the Seed into them, and covers 
them. a12740—in C.-W. Hoskins Occas. Ess. (1866) 102, 
1 composed my machine. It was named a Drill, because 
when farmers used to sow their beans and pease into chan- 
nels or furrows by hand, they called that action drilling. 
1812 Craspe Zales 3 Wks. 1834 IV. 195 Corn sown by 
drill, or thresh’d by a_ machine. 1886 T. Harpy Mayor 
of Casterbridge xxiv, The new-fashioned. .horse-drill. 

3. attrib. and Comb., as drill-box, -culture,-hus- 
bandry, -man, -system; Arill-barrow, a barrow- 
like contrivance for sowing in drills ; drill-harrow 
(see quot.); drill-machine, -plough = sense 2. 

1805 R.W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) 1. 28 The *drill- 
barrow is .. well adapted for sowing some grains and small 
seeds, 1753 Cuamners Cycl. Sup. Drill, or *Drill-Box, 
1847 Craic, Drill-box, the box in a drill-machine which 
—— the — , a ie dapat a 7 harrow .. 
u ween the drills or rows for the purpose of extirpating 
weeds, 1784-5 Ann. Reg. 59/2 *Drill husband is .. the 
practise of agarden brought intothe field, 1807 Vancouver 
Agric. Devon (1813) 120 * Drill-machines, attached to the 
ploughs .. or used with a horse or oy bend. x73 J Tui 
Horse-hoeing Hus, xxiii, 166 The * Drill-Plow which makes 
the Channels fora treble Row of Wheat. re A Frul. R. 
Agric, Soc. VII1.1, 63 A drill-plough, which d the seed, 
and covers it in with the furrow turned by the plough. 

Drill (dril), 54.5 Abbreviated form of Dritiine 
sb. [Cf. Ger. dre/] (Brem, Worterb.).} 

1743 Lond. Come Brew. Sage 315 A Sort of 
clade called I. Offic, Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 99 
Drills, and other Twilled Linens, 1887 Pali Mail G. 12 
Jan. 7/1 In cotton goods... America takes a high position in 
two descriptions, drills and sheetings. 

ativid. 188a Bret Harte Filip i, His light drill garments. 

+ Drill, v.! Obs. (exc. dial). Also 4 dril. 
[Appears first in ME. : origin unknown.) 

1. trans. and absol. To delay, defer, put off. ; 

a 1300 Cursor M. 16390 cart Selcuth vs thinc o pe, 

oie drightin for to drill (Gott. wid dreching for to 

rill) We haf vs chosen nu baraban, him haf algat we will. 
Ibid, ns Pe ded ai wen we for to dril. 

2. Zo drill away, on, out; to protract, lengthen 

out; to fritter away, spend aimlessly (time). 


a@ 1655 Ussuer Amn, vi. (1658) 464 Pu ly di out 

the > big ping to encli Le to avout his dene 

1668 ErnerenGe She wou'd if she cou'd 1. i, We must drill 

a _ here, Kets? ror . 1. 306 
‘d things on, till they might [etc.]. 2779 

Pills (1872) V. 180 He drills on his ei then curses 

did create. 


2 ae those misfortunes himself : 745 
bster, This accident hath awa 

whole Gace. rong R. Pattock ?. Wilkine xxx “(1883) 

84/2 One me or other. .of drilling on the time till the 

8. To lead, allure, or entice (a person) on from 


DRILL. 

one point to another (in time or action); andso = 
to put off (cf. 1). 

. 1669 Marvett Corr, iii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 270 So speedily 
as they may not have drilled you on beyond the time of 
prosecution, @ 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Poems (1775) 
141 Nor is it wit that drills the statesman on To waste the 
sweets of life, so quickly gone. x71x Appison Sect. No. 
89 Px She has bubbled him out of his Youth ;..she drilled 
him on to Five and Fifty, and.:she will drop him in his 
old Age. 1752 Gray Lett. Wks, 1884 II. 231 He drilled 
him on with various pretences. ie 

4. To draw or entice (a person) 77, zn¢o a place; 
also on, alang, out of a thing. 

1662 Hickerincitt Wks, (1716) I. 296 Drilling in the 
rabble with their .. buffooneries. 168x /éid¢. 187 To drill 
Men out of their Estates. 1673 R. Heap Canting Acad. 
72 [He] was pickt up by a pack of Rogues in the streets 
and drilled intoa Tavern. 1 Ausrey Misc. (1721) 97 
Having drill’d his Wife along ’till he came to a_ certain Close 
--he threw her by Force into the Water. 1697 Damrrer Voy. 
I. v. 114 They drill’d them by discourse so near, that our 
men lay'd hold on all three at once. 

5. intr. To slip away, vanish by degrees. dial. 

cx3rs [see Aprytte]. 1847-78 Hattiwett, Drill..to 
slide away. Kent. 1887 Kentish Dial. (E. D.S.), Drill, 
to waste away by degrees. 

+ Drill, v.2 Ods. [Etymology of this, and the 
cognate Dritt sé.1, uncertain. The verb is iden- 
tical in sense with TRILL, frequent from Chaucer 
onward, and may be an altered form of it. Cf. also 
Ger. ¢rillen to flow whirling or rolling, cited by 
Grimm from a 17th c. writer, and taken by him as 
a sense of dril/en to turn.] 

1. ixtr. To flow in a small stream or in drops ; 
to trickle, percolate; to drip. 

1603 FLorio cargo and 1. xlix. (1632) 162 In summer 
they often caused cold water..to drill upon them as they 
sate in their dining chambers. 1 Heywoop Brit. Troy 
(N.), Swift watry drops drill from his eye. 1782 A. Monro 
Anat., Bones, Nerves 62 The liquor..drills down upon the 
membrane of the nose. _re/f7. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 
3 Water. .gently drils it selfe from the high Rocks. 

. transf. and fig. To be derived, spring, flow. 
1638 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 111 Chaldy, Arabick, 
and Siriack drilling from the Hebrew. 

Hence Drilling 7/. sd. and ffl. a. 

1634 Sir T. Herserr 7vav. 214 Full of shadowing trees, 
and drilling Rivolets. 1665 J. Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 
226 The drilling down of the Water.. from the .. Hills. 
1741 Monro Anat, Nerves (ed. 3) 86 A constant drilling of 
a glairy Mucus, 

Drill (dril), v3 Also 7 dril, dryll, 9 Sc. 
dreel. oo only from 17th c.; ef. Deine 
sb.2 All the senses are found in Du. drillen to 
drill, bore; to turn round; to shake, brandish; to 
drill, form to arms ; to run hither and thither; to 
go through the manual exercise, MDu. dvz//en to 
bore, turn in a circle, brandish; cf. MLG. dri/len 
to roll, to tun, MHG, and mod. Ger. dri/len to 
turn, to round off, to bore, to drill soldiers. MHG. 
gedrollen ‘ rounded ’, dral/‘ (twisted) tight’, point 
to an old strong verb, of ablaut series *Jrell-, brall-, 
prull-, The English verb and sb. were prob. from 
Dutch; they are not connected etymologically 
with shrill, thirl, OE. Ayrelian, though sense 1 is 
identical in sense with it.] 

I. To pierce, bore, make a narrow hole. 

“1, ¢rans. To pierce or bore a hole, passage, etc. 
in (anything) ; to perforate with or as with a drill 
or similar tool. (Said chiefly of personal agents.) 

1649 G. DanteL Trinarch., Hen. V, clviii, The Stone 
dropt Sand; And the drill’d Alpes, became a Posterne 
which From Time lockt vp, noe foot had ever trode. 1697 
Damrter Voy. I. xvi. 466 Twirling the hard piece between 
the palms of their hands, they drill the soft piece till it 
smoaks, and at last takes fire. 1784 Cowrer ask 1. 26 
‘Drill’d in holes, the solid oak is found. 1833 Marryat 
P. Simpleiv, Being drilled was to be shot through the body. 
1871 P. H. Wavpett Ps. xl. 6 My lugs ye hae dreel’d. 1879 
Ney de Wild Life in S. Co. 213 Rabbit-holes drill the 

nk everywhere, i 

b. intr. To pierce through. 

- 1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 196 None of those rayes of 
other atoms. .come riding or drilling through both. /é7d. 61. 

2. To make or bore (a hole, etc.) by drilling. 

1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag.u. 73 There must be a Hole 
drill’d. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 36 ‘The holes.. 
appear to have been drilled into the rock by Jumpers. 
1858 GREENER Gunnery 47 Drill a communication, and put 
ina nipple. 1890 Nature 4 Sept. 446/1 On August 28, 1859, 
the first well, drilled in the United States with the object 
of obtaining pet , was fully completed 

II. +3. trans. To turn round and round; to 
whirl, twirl; in quot. 1681 to churn. Ods. or dial. 

1681 R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 97 They skim off the Cream, 
and drill it in an earthen Vessel with a stick. 1847-78 
Hatuwe.t, Drill, to twirl, or whirl. Devon. 

III. To train in military movements and exer- 
cise. [Found from 17th c. also in Du., Ger., Da. 
(Not in Kilian 1599; in Hexham 1678). Prob. 
from the sense ‘ turn round ’.] 

. 4, trans. To trainorexercisein military evolutions 

and the use of arms. (‘An old cant word.’ J.) 

1626 Carr. Smita Accid. Vng. Sea-men 37 Drilling your 
men..to ranke, file, march, skirmish, and retire. 
Butter Hud. 1. iii. 445 The Foe appear’d, drawn up ani 


‘drill'd, 1842 Macautay Fredk. Gt. Ess. (1887) 695 The | 


667 
business of life, according to him, was to drill and be drilled. 
Ibid. 709 He drilled his people as he drilled his grenadiers. 
b. intr. for refi. and pass. 

1848 W. E. Forster in T, W. Reid Zz/ I. vii. 26 May, 
Large numbers of men are armed and drilling nightly. dod. 
‘The regiment drills regularly every day. E 

5. ¢vansf. and fig. To train or instruct as with 
military rigour and exactness. Const. 71/0, i, fo, 
and inf. (Also zutr, for reft.) 

1622 Massincer Virg. Mart. u1. ii, I hug thee..For drill- 
ing thy quick brains in this rich plot. 1794 SouTHEY 
Botany Bay Eclog. 1, So 1..was drill’d to repentance and 
reason. 1798 Epcewortu Pract. Educ. (1811) I. 323 
Where boys are to be drilled in a given time into scholars. 
1842[see 4]. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp, xxix. (1856) 254 We 
had drilled with knapsack and sledge, till we were almost 
martinets in our evolutions on the ice. 1856 — Arct. Expl. 
1. xxix, 389 Bear-dogs..that had been drilled to relieve each 
other in the melée. 1873 BLack Pr. Thule xii. 182 He had 
drilled her in all that she should do and say. 

6. a. To order or regulate exactly. b. To 
impart by strict method (a subject of knowledge). 
ec. (See quot. 1894.) d. U.S. Railroads. To shunt 
(carriages, engines, etc.). 

1863 ‘Outpa’ Held in Bondage 2 Drill Greek, and instil 
religious principles into them. 1877 Blackmore Freva lii, 
To be a great lady..and regulate and drill all the doings 
of nature. 1 Labour Commission Gloss. s.v., To drill a 
person is to refuse him employment for a certain period, say, 
a fortnight, as a punishment. : 

Hence Drilled, Drilling ///. adjs.; also Dri‘ll- 
ingly adv., by way of drilling or boring. 

1649 Drill’d [see 1]. 1830 [see Dritter* 2 a]. 1831 
Blackw. Mag. XXX. 490 The moths drillingly devoured 
the manuscript. 1879 FroupE Czsar ix. 103 The superiority 
of the drilled Roman legions. 

Drill, v.4_ [f. Drizu 53.4] 

1. “rans. To sow (seed) in drills, as opposed 
to broadcast ; to raise (crops) in drills. 

a 1740 [see Dritt 50.42]. 1788 G. Wasnincton Let. Writ. 
1891 XI, 223 As all my corn will be thus drilled, so. .I mean 
to put in drills also potatoes, carrots (as far as my seed will 
go), and turnips. 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 148/2 The crops 
which are now most generally drilled are potatoes, turnips, 
beans, peas, beet-root, cole-seed, and carrots. 

2. To sow or plant (ground) in drills. 

1785 G. WasHincton HWrit. (1891) XII. 225 A piece of 
ground .. drilled with corn and potatoes between. 1894 
E Acwnd 19 Mar. 11/1 He drilled two acres of land with this 

arley. 

Hence Drilled £//. a. ; Drilling vd/. sb. 

1766 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts s.v. Wheat, An Acre of 
drilled Wheat. 1767 A. Younc Farmnter’s Lett. People 117 
The drilling method likewise promises great advantages. 
1806-7 A. Younc Agric. Essex (1813) I. 100, I do not know 
that adrilled acre is superior in produce, at first, to a broad- 
castacre. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 241 
Drilling, now styled the ‘ New Husbandry,’ is in reality the 

rimitive practice. 1876 T, Harpy £thelberta (1890) 108 
Tike a drilled-in crop of which not a seed has failed. 

Drillable (drilab’l), a. [f. DRiuu v.° + -aBie.] 
Capable of being drilled. 

1889 Spectator 16 Nov., The Romans .. were the most 
drillable of peoples. 1892 Sat. Rev. 5 Mar. 264/1 The 
German has always been an admirably drillable animal. 

+ Driller !. Ods. rave—'. [?f. Damn v.1+ 
-ER1.] ?One who entices or allures (sc. into evil). 

1652 J. TatHam Commend. Verses to Brome's Foviall 
Crew, But Shakespeare the Plebean Driller, was Founder’d 
in ’s Pericles, and must not pass. 

Driller? (dri‘ler). [f. Drm. v.3 +-ER 1] 

1, One who drills holes in metal, stone, etc. 
b. A machine or contrivance for this purpose. 

1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 21 The dexterous hands of the 
filer and driller. 1870 Eng. Mech. 28 Jan. 480/1 A driller 
[z.e. tool]..will bore the holes. 

2. a. One who drills others; a drill-master, 


a drillinstructor. Also ¢ramnsf. 
1830 Gen. P. THompson Z-verc. (1842) I. 251 The drillers 
.. were made liable to transportation .. the drilled, to fine, 
and imprisonment, 1870 LoweLt Among my Bks. Ser. 1. 
(1873) 177 The great authors of antiquity .. derailed from 
teachers of thinking to drillers in grammar. 
b. One who practises military drilling. 

1848 W. E. Forster in T. W. Reid Zi (1888) I. 248 The 
soldiers..were called out to help the specials to arrest some 
drillers. 1890 C. Martyn W. Phillips 260 A prominent 
driller in the ‘awkward squad’, 

Driller. [f. Dritt v.4+-R1.] One who 
sows seed by drilling. 

1788 Trans. Soc. Arts VI. 78 A practical Driller. 1837 
Penny Cycl. YX. 149/2 The farmer finds horses and seed, 
and the driller finds the machine. 

(dri‘lin), sé. [corruption of Ger. 
drillich, G. adrilich, drilch threefold, ad. L. 
trilicem (trilix), f. L. tri- three + Jic’um thrum, 
thread.] A coarse twilled linen or cotton fabric 
used for summer clothing, etc. Also attrib. 

1640 in Entick London (1766) II. 168 Gutting and spruce 
canvas drillinges, 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. 11. xiv. 61 
Making sail-cloth, sheetings, ravenducks and drillings. 1861 
Du Cuaitu Eguat. Afr. vi. 55 A blue drilling shirt. 

Drilling, vé/.sb.1: see after Dritu v.2 

Drilling (dri-lin), vd/. 56.2 [f. Drm 2.3] 

1. Boring ; perforation. 

m8 Batrarp in Phil. Trans. XX. 420 Bare drilling might 
be able to give a Polaritytoa Drill. 1894 Labour Commission 
Gloss., Drilling, making holes in rails for the purpose of 
putting in bolts to fasten them to sleepers. 

2. Training in military evolutions. Also ¢rans/. 


| 
| 
| 


DRINK. 

1639 Massincer Unnat. Combat m. i, Thete being no 
war, nor hope of any, The only drilling is to eat devoutly. 
@ 1687 Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 17 Training and Drilling 
is a small part of Soldiery. 1880 McCartuy Own Times 
IV. 127 Its oath of fidelity..its nightly drillings. 

3. attrid. and Comb.: a. in sense 1, as drilling- 
engine, -machine, -tool; arilling-bow = drill-bow 
(Driti sé.% 7 a); drilling-jig, -lathe (see quots.). 
b. in sense 2, as drz/ling-day, -exercise. 

@ 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 246 Used by watch- 
makers. .for the *drilling-bow. 1832 BaspaGe Econ. Manu/. 
xix. (ed. 3) 172 The dividing and the *drilling-engine are of 
this kind. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., * Drilling-jig, a port- 
able drilling-machine which may be dogged to the work, 
or so handled as to be readily presented to it and worked by 
hand. /éid., *Drilling-lathe, a drilling-machine on hort- 
zontal ways or shears, thus resembling a lathe. 1865 GresNER 
Pract. Treat. Coal, Petrol., etc. (ed.2) 34 *Drilling machines 
which can bore nine feet per hour. 

b. a 1625 Fretcuer Love's Cure ut. ii, I..gave him..In 
the artillery yard three drilling daies. 1870 WHITNEY Gere. 
Gram. Suppl. 3 Drilling exercises upon individual difficulties 
of German idiom. 

Drilling, #//. a.: see after DRILL v.?, 3. 

Drily, adv.: see Dryty. 

Dringe, obs. form of DRENG. 

+ Dringle, v. Oés. exc. dial. [A word of un- 
certain origin, varying dialectally with drzndle, 
drimble; see also DRUMBLE.] zntr. ‘To waste 
time in a lazy lingering manner’ (Forby); to 
linger; to trickle sluggishly. 

¢1680 Hickerincitt, Wks. (1716) IT. 536 Condemn'd to 
endure the Fatigues of Life to the last dringling Sand. 

Drink (drink), v.1 Pa. t. drank (drank); pa. 
pple. drunk (drvnk). Forms: Pres. stem, 1-4 
drine-, 2- drink- (3 drinnk- O7., dringk-, 3-4 
drinch-, 3-5 dring- (he dringp),3-6 drynk-, 4-6 
drinck-); 3-7 drinke, 4~ drink. Pa. t. szzg. 1-3 
dranc, 3- drank, 3 drone, dranck, Orm. drannk, 
3-5 drong, 4-5 dronk(e, 4-7 dranke, 6-7 
drunke, 6-9 drunk; //. 1 druncon, 2-4 drunk- 
en, (3 drunnkenn Q7m., drongken), 3-4 
dronke(n, 3-5 drunke; also 3- worth. and 5— 
generally, same as sing. Pa. pple. a. 1 druncen, 
2- drunken, (3 Orvm. drunnkenn, 3-6 dronken, 
4 dronckyn; Sv. 5 drukken, 6 drokin, 7-9 
druken,drucken). £8. 3-7 drunke, (5 drownk, 
5-6 dronke, droonke, droncke), 6- drunk; also 
7-9 drank. [Com. Teut.: OF. drincan=OS. 
drinkan (Du. drinken), OUG. trinkan, trinchan, 
mod.G, ¢rinken, ON. drekka (Sw. adricka, Da. 
adrtkke), Goth. drigkan:—OTeut. *driykan, not 
found outside Germanic. The pa. t. had originally 
vowel change, drank, pl. drunken, drunk(e, but 
from the 13th c. in northern dial., and 15th c. 
generally, these were levelled under the sing. form 
(Caxton we, ye, thei dranke), Either through the 
retention of the pl. form in some southern dial., or 
from the pa, pple., drunk began to reappear, for 
sing. as well as pl., in end of 16th c., and is occa- 
sional to tgth. On the other hand, from 17th to 
19th c. drank was intruded from the pa. t. into the 
pa. pple., prob. to avoid the inebriate associations 
of drunk. The full form drunken of pa. pple. has 
been since 17th c. mostly used as adj., exc. as 
a poetic archaism. Sc. and n. dial. drecken repre- 
sents the ON. pa. pple. drukkinn.] 

I. Transitive senses. 

1. To take (liquid) into the stomach ; to swallow 
down, imbibe, quaff. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke i, 15 He ne drincd win ne beor. 
c¢1205 Lay. 5804 3e scullen drinken eowre blod. a x300 
Cursor M, 6354 Suetter [water] neuer pai siben drank. 
Ibid, 12679 Tie dranc [777m. dronk] neuer cisar ne wine. 
13.. /bid. 17708 (Fairf.) They fille as they had dronckyn 
dwale. 13.. Guy Warw, (A.) 318 He no may .. Rest no 
take slepeinge, Mete ete no drinke dringe. 1398 TREvisa 
Barth, Be P. R.1v. vii. (1495) 91 Yf bulles blode be dronken 
rawe. 1474 Caxton Chesse i. i. (1883) 83 In olde tyme 
women dranke no wyn. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V1, 108 
To tel you..what wyne was dronke in houses. 1568 
Grarton Chron. II. 116 Such a Cup of Wine as ye never 
dranke before. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. ii. 6 Wormwood .. 
drunken with vineger is good. 1596 SHaKs. 7am. Shr. 
Induct, ii, I ne’re drank sacke in my life. 1732 ARBUTHNOT 
Rules of Diet 268 Common Water or Whey, drank in cool 
Air. 1747 Westey Prim. Physic (1762) 86 It should be 
drunk with the finest Sugar. 1761 Hume Hist, Eng. 11. App. 
iii. 521 Three hundred and sixty-five hogsheads of beer were 
drank at it. x Soutney Yoan of Arc m1. 30 They.. 
drank the running waters. 1865 SwinBuRNE Poems §& Ball, 
Triumph of Time 26,1 trod the grapes, I have drunken the 
wine. 188r Besant & Rice Chafl. Fleet I. g Which I 
have drunk with my parishioners. . 

b. spec. Zo drink the waters: i.e, at a spa 
medicinally. 

¢168r Viscountess CAmppEN in 12h Rep, Hist. MSS. 
Comm, App. v. 56 My sister..was troubled with malincoly, 
so went to drinke Astrope watter. 1713 Lond. Gaz. No. 
5130/9 The Elector intends .. to drink the Waters at Pir- 
mond. 1855 Macautay /ist. Exg. 111. 699 Annandale .. 
retired to Bath, and retended to drink the waters. 

c. transf. and fig. in general; cf. also 3, 4. 

c1340 (see 6]. 1592 SuaKs. Kom. & Ful. m. v.59 Drie 
sorrow drinkes our blood. 1610 — Temp. v. cre drinke 

-2 


DRINE. 


the air before me. bie dig Pore Jliad x1. 211 While his 
keen falchion drinks warriors’ lives. 1819 SHELLEY 
Cenci m. ii, When the dim air Has drank this innocent 
flame, 1827 Pottox Course T. v. 116 Give the heart to drink 
.-draughts of perfect sweet. 1850 B. Tavtor E/dorado i. 
(1862) 4, I drank in the land-wind .. with an enjoyment 
‘gene cn intoxication. E é 

2. With off, out (now dial.), up, expressing ex- 
haustion of the liquid ; so also ¢o drink dry. 

1535 CoverDALe ¥oé xl. 23 Without eny laboure might he 
dryn e out the whole floude. ha Sy og or Campo di 

Seeing ¢ is but a litle left. 
1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. iv. 1. 94 This distilling liquor 
drinke thou off. 1593 — Rich. //, u. ii. 146 The taske he 
vndertakes Is numbring sands, and drinking Oceans drie. 
1648 Gace West Ind. xvii. 112 My Chocolatte, which I 
drunke off heartily. 1722 De For Col. Fack (1840) 118 
We drank on, and drank the punch out. 1780 CowPEr 
Progr. Err. 581 He that sips often, at last drinks it up. 
1816 Scott Antig. xl, ‘A’ Saunders’s gin. .was drucken out 
at the burial 0’ Steenie.’ 

b. transf. and fig. 

cx Cuaucer Troylus mt. 986 (1035) Pete .. goodli 
dvinkyb vpal his distresse. 1644 Cromwett Let. Col. Walton 
5 July in Carlyle, Let this drink up your sorrow. 1827 PoLtox 
Course T. 11. 314 Consumption..drank her marrow up. 

3. transf. Of porous substances, plants, etc. To 
absorb (moisture) ; to suck. Often with or i. 

1530 Patscr. 529/2, I drinke, as the yerthe dothe water, or 
as blottyng paper dothe ynke. 1561 Hottysusu Hom. 
Afpoth. 7a, If the Aqua vite is dronke in of the herbes. 1630 
R. Fokhnson's Kingd. & Commw, 82 Like barren ground, 
drinking up the raine. 1 Dryven Virg. Georg. tv. 46 
Let the purple Vi'lets drink the Stream. 1793 SMEATON 
Edystone L. § 190 Plaster of Paris .. would then drink up 
linseed oil plentifully. 1858 Drayson Sport. S. Africa 238 
The soil that had drunk the blood of his warriors. 

4. fig. esp., with 72: To take into the mind, esp. 
by the eyes or ears, with the eager delight of one 
who satisfies physical thirst; to listen to, gaze 
upon, or contemplate with rapture. 

1592 SHaks. Rom. & Ful. u. ii. 58 My eares haue yet not 
drunke a hundred words Of thy tongues vitering. 1635-56 
Cow.ey Davideis 1. 386 They sing .. And with fix'd eyes 
drink in immortal rays. @1713 Ettwoop A utodiog. (1714) 
18, I drank in his Words with Desire. 1859 JEPHSON 
Brittany vii. 96, 1 stopped for a while to drink in the beauty 
of the scene. 1878 Browninc La Satsiaz 11 Your level 
path that let me drink the morning deep and slow. 

+ 5. To draw in or inhale (tobacco smoke, etc.) ; 
to smoke. Oés. 

1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. ii, The most divine 
tobacco thatever I drunk. 1613 PurcHas Pilgrimage Ix. i. 
820 Their Lords and Priests consult of warres, after they have 
drunke the smoke ofa certainherbe. 1654 E. Jounson Wond, 
wrkg. Provid.97 He was drinking a pipe of Tobacco, 178r 
Pennant Tour Wales II. 28 Vhe first who smoked, or, (as 
they called it) drank tobacco publickly in London. [1855 
Srencer Turkey, Russia, &c. xix. 278 According to the 
idiom of their language, they [Tatars] do not smoke the 
fragrant herb, but Tink it.) 

6. To swallow down the contents of (a cup or 
vessel), Also with off, uf, indicating completeness. 
jig. To drink the cup, or chalice, of joy, sorrow, 
suffering, etc.: see Cup sb. 9, CHALICE I b. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 15681 (Cott.), I wat wel bat i sal it drinc 
fis calice [Gott, drinck ; Fairf drink, ¢ 1340 Trin. drynke 

is dep). 1382 Wyctir 1 Cor. xi. 26 How ofte euere je 
schulen..drynke the cuppe, 3e schulen schewe the deeth of 
the Lord. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 97 Put off his Tur- 
bant, and drunke the cup off. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 
49? 10 He had... drank manya flaggon. 1816 J. Witson 
City of Plague i. ii, 1 drank the cup of joy, 

7. To swallow down (something solid) in a 
liquid. 70 drink candle-ends ; see CANDLE-END Ib. 

1632 Litucow 7rav. vi. 278 A little of it [earth] drunke in 
any Liquor. 1768-74 Tucker Lé, Nat. (1852) II. 35 A was 
+-may fall in [a pot] to be drank by one, whom he shall 
sting to death. 

8. To consume or sg in drinking (money, etc. . 

1492 in Burgh Rec. Edin. 1. 62 (Jam, Supp.) He salt pay 
for ilk defalt vj [pennies 7] .. to be drukken be the dusane, 
cn, br geenigyy Allgood I, 305 If another gyue them 
ought of pyte, At the next alestake dronken shall it be. 
a Grimstone Hist. Siege Ostend 220 Spignola bestowed 

f them .. forty thousand gilders to dctakes 1765 Foore 
Commissary 1. Wks. 17 I. 8, I hope you'll tip me the 
tester to drink, fod. He drinks his whale earnings. 

9. eat 4 To provide with drink. 

1883 E. F. Knicut Cruise ‘ Falcon’ (1887) 85 He could 
not feed us, only lodge and drink us. 

II. Absolute and intransitive senses. 

10. adsol. To swallow down or imbibe water 
or other liquid, for nourishment or quenching of 
thirst. Const. + i, from, out of (the vessel). 

cr000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xiii. 26 We xton & druncon be- 
foran pe. axzag Ancr. R. 44 Bitweone mete, hwo se 
drinken wule, sigge benedicite. a 1300 Cursor M. 3551 He 
ete and dranc [7rim, dronke) and went his wai. c 1420 
Chron, Vilod. 1 And eton and drongon and made hem 
blythe. ¢ eon A Axton Blanchardyn viii, 31 The kynge of 
Fryse had nothre eten nor dronken. 1596 SHAKS. 1 fy IV, 
11. iv. 169, Lam a Rogue if I drunke to day. 1602 Narcissus 
(589) 248 They can but bringe horse to the water brinke, 

ut horse may choose whether that horse will drinke. 1634 
Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 67 The Wine bottles and flat cu 
we drunke in, were of pure Gold. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. 
India & P. 93 Such little Glasses as we drink out of. 1780 


Fitor 199 Drinke up al! 


Cowrrr Progr. Err. 466 Thou fountain at which drink the 
‘ood and wise. 1 Ruskin Fors Clav. VI. Ixvii. 214 


aving sufficiently eaten and drunken. 
b. Zo drink deep: to take a large draught, 
either once or habitually ; see also 10 c, 11, 


arz00 Sat. Pe Kildare xx. in E. E. P. (1862)-156 
Men..pat..drinkib dep and makip glade. 1393 LancL. 
P. Pl. C. x. 145 Eremytes, That .. drynke drue and deepe. 


guests.” fe rank Geop, and went on e 

c. Const. £ (rarely + ufon) the liquid or source 
of supply. Zt. and fig. To drink of the cup of 
sorrow, etc.: see CuP sb. 9. 

¢ 1000 JELFRic Gen. ix. =e he dranc of Sam wine, Sa 
wearp he druncen. c1200 77in. Coll. Hom. 111 He dranc 
of deSes flode. c1340 Cursor M. 15241 (Trin.) Drinkeb 
(Cott. drinckes] alle of pis he seide. 1490 Caxton Eneydos 
4, I suppose he hath dronken of El s well. 1549 Order 
of Communion, Exhortation 3 To give us his said body and 
blood..to feed and drink upon. 1667 Mitton P. L. aga | 
Lethe. .whereof who drinks, Forthwith his former state 
being forgets. 175x CuatHam Lett. Nephew ii. 7 Drink as 
deep as you can of these divine springs. 1884 ‘TENNYSON 
Becket 1. iv. 75 Ye have eaten of my and drunken of 
my cup for a dozen years. : 

d. Proverb. One must drink as one brews. 

a ys Cursor M. 2848 (Gétt.) Suilk as bai breu nou haue 
pai drunke (Co#¢t. dronken). c1460 Vowneley Myst. (Surtees) 
111 Bot we must drynk as we brew, And that 1s bot reson. 
cxs60 A. Scott Poems xx. 64 Zit man thou stand content 
And drynk pat thou hes brewit. @1610 Heatey Cedes 
(1636) 114 She drinketh of her owne brewing. 1647 Trarr 
Comm. Rev. xiii. 10 Antichrist shall one day..drink as he 
brewed, be paid in his own coin. [See also Brew v. 1 d). 

ll. To take alcoholic or intoxicating liquor, 
either convivially, or to gratify appetite ; to indulge 
therein to excess ; to tipple; sfec. to be a habitual 
drunkard. (The sense is often indicated contextu- 
ally by adverbs or phrases such as adlout, deep, 
hard, heavily, like a fish.) Also to drink it. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 132/1 Drynkyna-bowte. .¢foto. 1474 
Caxton Chesse 1. vi. (1883) 130 He dranke so moche that he 
was veray dronke. 1g00-20 Dunsar Poems xxxiv. 67 The 
Feind me ryfe Gif I do ocht bot drynk and swyfe. 1611 
Barry Ram-A ley w. (Hazl. Dodsley), 1 have been drinking 
hard. 1638 Sin T. Herpert 7rav. (ed. 2) 242 They sit long 
and drink soundly. 1732 Pore £/. Bathurst 390 His son 
..Who drinks, whores, fights, and in a duel dies. 1837 
Tait's Mag. 1V. 492 I'll coach it, and dine it, and drink it 
till morn. 1848 THackeray Left. 28 July, We went to 
a barrack room, where we drank about. 1879 Miss Brappon 
Clov. Foot vii, A woman who drank like a fish and swore 
like a trooper. Mod. Poor woman ! her husband drinks. 

12. Hence trams. and refl., with various comple- 
ments, indicating the result of drinking, as @. refl. fo 
drink oneself drunk, sleepy, tame, to death, into 
incoherence, into spirit, out of a situation, etc. 
+b. ellipt. intr. 4o drink drunk (obs.).  ¢. trans. 
to drink away one’s reason, one’s property, one's eyes 
out; to drink down (i.e. quench or destroy by 
drinking). d. Zo drink (a person) out of or into 
some condition, etc; fo drink (a person) dead drunk, 
down, to bed, under the table: said of the more 
seasoned toper, who sees his comrades succumb to 
the effect of their potations. te. 7o drink the 
sun up: to carouse through the night until sunrise. 

a. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 1. i. 180 The Gentleman had 
drunke himselfe out of his fiue sentences [=senses]. 1607 
Torsett Serpents (1658) 805 The Country-people set little 
vessels of wine..whereunto the Vipers coming, easily drink 
themselves tame. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1, iv. (1840) 95 
By persuading him to drink himself drunk. 1821 Byron 
Juan ut. \xvi, A genius who has drunk himself to death. 
1849 Fraser's Mag. XL. 384 He .. drank himself diurnally 
into incoherence. 179 lad, Soc. Christm. No. 71/2 He 
drank himself out of one situation after another. 1883 
Srevenson 7,reas. /sé. 1.i, Till he had drunk himself sleepy. 

b. 1474 Caxton Chesse 111. vi. (1883) 130 And not lyue to 
ete glotonsly & for to drynke dronke. 1600 Hottann Livy 
xt. xiv. 1069 Kept my soldiours from drinking drunke. 
1609 W. M. Man in Moone (1849) 33 Are you adicted to 
drink drunke? 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 403 
They gourmandize, and drink drunk after their fashion. 

C. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W.1. i. 204, 1 hope we shall drinke 
downe all vnkindnesse. 1599 Masstncer, etc. O/d Law 
ut. ii, Yet you — drink your eyes out, sir. 1679 Essex's 
Excell.8 They will ..no more suffer themselves to be .. 
drunk out of their reason. 1701 De For 7rue-dorn Eng. 
i & Drink their Estates away, and Senses too. 

1604 Suaks. Oth. u. iii. 84 Why, he drinkes you with 
facillitie, your Dane dead drunke. 1606 — Ant. § Ci. 
ut. v.21 Ere the ninth houre, I drunke him to his bed. 

Ev. Woman in Hum. v.i. in Bullen O. Pi. 1V, He .. wi 
drink Downe a Dutchman. D. Pett Jmpr. Sea 437 
These lads drink the Land out uiet. @1674 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. x1. § 242 One Earl, who had drank most of the 
rest down, and was not himself moved or alter'd. x 
Humourist 161 Drinking a Man to Death. 1813 Cot. 
Hawker Diary 1. 68 We having nearly drunk the landlord 
out of both his English and French wine. JAfod. To drink 
a person org bgp a Wis 1.o8 H 

e@. 217041. Brown Praise Poverty 1730 I. is 
best companions that have a thousand times leak up the 
sun with him. 

13. Zo drink to (a person): +a. To hand or 

resent beverage for his use ; to give drink to. Oés. 

he cup presented was first sipped by the one who 
offered it, and hence 

b. To salute (any one) by drinking ; to invite him 
to drink by drinking first; to drink in his honour, 
wishing him health or success. Hence, in wider 
use, to drink in honour of (anything desired), with 

‘ood wishes for its furtherance. Also e//ipt. with 
the person as obj.: to pledge, toast; and in in- 
direct pass. 


DRINE. 
P2 emus Gen ¢ Es. tho He. Bee eel 
ranc. Louc. (1 orst to 


1470-83 Matory Arthur vit. xxiv, 
chere and eyther dranke to 


2 
S 


AF 
saa 
at 


ag 
af 


529/1, I drinke to 
Suaxs. Macé. ut. iv. 89, 1 drinke to th 


o 
th’ whole Table. Brie, Rel (1857) 1. 186 
‘Fie land mayer mas etend Se to Mr. North. 1758 
Jouxson /d. No. 504 the noo to their success, 
1787 Burke Corr. (1844) IIL. 56 We drank the man we were 


drinking when he is drunken to. Tennyson Vision 

‘in 1. 149 Drink we, last, the public fool. Macautay 
Hist. Eng. 1. 444 All who passed were invited to drink to 
the health of the new sovereign. 


c. ¢rans. in same sense; cf. CAROUSE sd. 2. 

1606 Suaxs. Aut. 4 Ci. tv. viii. 34 We all would sup to- 
~ a ggg to ~~ ee da’ pi 

wt0N Hist. Mosc. Wks. 1 1 e ; 
drank a deep Carouse to the ; *s Healt . 

14. trans. Yo drink (a sentiment or toast): to 
honour it and express a desire for its accomplish- 
ment or success by drinking. 

33. . Coer de L. 6746 To waraunt that I have i-doo, Wes- 
seyl I schal drynk yowtoo. 1600 Row.anps Lett, Humours 
B vii. (1874) 13 Drinke some braue health vpon the 
Dutch carouse. 1710 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 
III. 35 They drunk Damnation to Dr. Sacheverell. 1742 
Fietpinc ¥. Andrews (1818) 297 He was drinking her lady- 
ship's health in a cup of .. ale. 1808 J. Mayne Siller Gun 
1v. 145‘ The King’, and other loyal toasts. .‘ Our fleets’, and 
‘a’ our armed hosts’; Were drank aloud. 1851 THACKERAY 
Eng. Hum. v. 244 Drinking confusion,to the P der. 

18. intr. ‘To have a specified flavour when 
drunk. [Fr. se doire, refi. for pass. 

1607 Hevwoop Wom. kilde with Kindnesse Epil., The 
wine..drunk too flat. Dampier Voy. I. xi. 314 It 
drinks brisk and cool. L. Tempe Sketches (ed. 2) 70 
The Burgundy drinks as flat as Port. 

+16. fig. To experience, endure, suffer, pay the 
penalty; to ‘taste the cup’ of suffering, etc. (see 
6, 10c, and Cup sé. 9). trans. and absol. Obs. 

a1340 Hamro.e Psalter x. 7 1k dampned man sall drynk 
of the sorow of hell. x Patscr. 556/1, eo you for 
this tyme, but and you faute agayne you drinke for 
bothe. @1§53 Upatt Royster D.1. iii. (Arb.) 20 Ye will drink 
without a cup. . Hussarp Narrative u. 35 The 
dammage that side of the Country hath been made to drink 
thereby, is not easy to recount. 

Drink, v.2 Ods. Aphetic f. ADRINK, to drown. 

1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 3362 Hadde I than be dronken, 
And in the salt flod sonkyn. ¢ 1440 Yacob's Well(E.E.T.S.) 
7 3if pou fell in-to a depe Pet & schuldyst be dronchyn. 
1460°CAPGRAVE Chron. 107 i were ee 
see. /6id. 133 Too of the Kyngis sones.,and many worthi 
folk..were dronch in o schip. R 

Brink (drink), sé. Forms: a. 1-4drine, dryne, 
3- drink, (2-4 drenc(k, 4 drenk, 3 drinck, 3-6 
drynk, 5 dryng). 8. 3 drinch, Orm, drinnch. 
y. 1 drinca, 3-6 drynke, 3-7 drinke, (3 dringe). 
[ME. had two forms drink (drinch), and drinke, 
corresp. to OE. drinc, and drinca, f. drincan to 
Drink; ef. Sw. drick, dryck, Da. drik, The 
normal mod. form of the sb. would be southern 
drinch (cf. finch, drench, stench, bench, etc.), 
northern drink; the latter has become the standard 
form, prob, under the influence of the verb.] 

1. Liquid swallowed for assuaging thirst or taken 
into the system for nourishment. Also fig. ai 

¢x000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 37 Pyrstendne & we rine 
sealdon. aa Ys olen? 206 de godspel .. is soule drink. 
€1380 Wyciir Wéks, (1880) 14 Pei 3euen not drenk to pore 
pristi men. 1426 Aupetay Poems 7 The thorste 3if dryng. 
1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. xviii. 21 They dranke none 
other drynke, but the water of the — 1667 MiLTon 
P. Lev. For drink the Grape She crushes. 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 319 The thirsty one, in that 
thirsts, desires only drink. - 

b. esp. as correlative to solid nourishment 
(meat, food, etc.). eg! and a see oor rd 
¢ indisf. n vi. 55 Lichoma fordon min 
lice ney gree gk sodlice is drinca [Rushw. drync, 
Ags. G. drinc, Hatton G. drenc]. ¢ 1205 Lay. 3558 Bugge 
him .. metes & drinches. @ 1300 Cursor M, 11426 _ 
failed neuer o drinc ne f 1494 Nottingham Rec. 
III. 282 Item Richard Litster dyner and drynk jd. ob. 
1 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 136 In the sacrament is drie 
moyst nourishment, that is, bread and drinke, a 1625 
Fiercner Love's Cure ut. ii, t's one man’s poison .. Is 
another's meat drink. 1733 Cueyne Eng, Malady u. 
i. § 5 When the Drink is in too great a Proportion to the 
solid Food. 1855 Macautay Hist, Eng. 1V. 516 The crews 
had better food and drink than ever had before. 
¢e. transf. Liquid absorbed or drunk in. 

x60z Suaks. Ham. iv. vii. 182 Til that her 
poe Sea ed mpeg 

eal vetyn Kal. . (1729) 224 
Core ant hid um give thom Drisk, s9pe Commme Vard- 
dey Oak 112 The scooped Had (Sf Se eae 
a throat rpg es ¢ clouds for drink, 


A kind of liquor for a a bevera: 

888 K. AZLrrep Restle; Neon 8a. .mistlice..drincas, 
¢1200 Ormin 3212 Hiss drinnch wass,waterr. /did. 15397 
birrlepp defell 


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q 
‘ 
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, 
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-(R) 


DRINK, 


their drinke, which they call Sorbet. 1691 Tryon Wisd. 
Dictates 4 Delight not in Meats and Drinks that are too 
strong for Nature. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 154 The 

ient Persians .. d water the best drink: 1884 
Gustarson Found. Death i. (ed. 3) 3 The fermented drinks 
of antiquity were but little adulterated. 

8. spec. Intoxicating alcoholic beverage. Hence 
in various phrases: Indulgence to excess in intoxi- 
cating liquor; habits of intemperance, drunken- 
ness. Jn drink: intoxicated, drunk. 

1042 O. E. Chron., Her zefor Hardacnut swa pet he zt 
his drinc stod. ©1340 Cursor M. i 3 (Trin.) 3yue we our 
ric rome ynow3e of drinke. 1553 Brenve Q. Curtins 211 

‘auynge then hys senses ouercome with drynke. 1596 
Hen, IV, u. iv. 458, 1 doe not speake to thee in 
Drinke. 1605 — Macéd. 11. vi. 13 The two delinquents .. 
That were the Slaues of drinke. 1659 D. Pett Jinpr. Sea 
79 Take heed that your Sea-men see not the least appear- 
ance of drink in your eyes. 1887 H. R. Tepper in Dict. 
Nat, Biog. 1X. 330/2 With advancing years Caulfield took 
todrink. 1890 Becarr Demoniac iv. 46 Not a drop of drink 
of any kind shall be put on board that boat. 1894 Hatt 
Cae Manxman 284 Heaving into the hall like a man in 
drink. Jfod, Drink’s doings. 
b. specifically described, as strong, ardent 
drink. Small drink: see BEER sb. 1 b. 

1526-34 Tinpace Like i. 15 He..shall nether drinke wyne 
ner stronge drinke. 1544 Puaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) Bija, 
Drynke onely pennye ale, or suche smalle drynke. 1648 
Gace West Ind. xv. 106 The great abuse of wines and 
strong drinks. @1774 Fercusson Election Poems (1845) 40 
Our Sohany’s nae sma drink, you'll guess. 1890 BEsANT 
Demoniac ii. 27 Ardent drinks of various kinds. 

4. The action or habit of drinking (to excess); a 
time or occasion of drinking. rare exc. in colloq. 
phr. on the drink. Cf. Drunk 50,71. 

1865 Reader No. 148. 495/1 He has been out on the drink. 
1887 Riper Haccarp ¥ess ii, Her brute of a husband was 
always on the drink and gamble. 1894 R. S. Fercuson 
Charters Carlisle xxx, There was a great drink in Carlisle 
that night. 

5. A draught or portion of liquid; sec. a glass 
of wine or other alcoholic liquor. 

cxo0o Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 42 Swa hwylc swa sylb anne 
drinc cealdes weteres. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 289 As me 
hym [Edward the mice be chk toc. c1400 MaunpeEv. 
(Roxb.) viii. 29 A well to whilk Moyses ledd pam and 
gafe bam a drynk peroff. 1535 CoverDALE Ps. lix. 3 Thou 
hast geuen vs a drynke off wyne. 1752 Scots Mag. (1753) 
Sept. 450/2 He..wanted adrink very much. 1865 KincsLeY 
Herew. xiii, Will anybody give me a drink of milk? 1888 
Licutuatt Vung. Seigneur 154 He was rich, for had he not 
paid the drinks? . 

b. A medicinal potion or draught. 

1362 Lanot. P. PZ. A. vit. 261 Leches .. don men dy3en 
poru3 heor drinke er destenye wolde. c1400 Lanfranc’s 
Cirurg. 74 Pis is a perfizt drynke to woundes of pe heed. 
e1g00 Melusine xxxvi. 247 A lectuary or drynk wherof ye 
shal be poysonned. x61 SuHaks. Wint. 7.1. i. 15 Wee will 
give you sleepie Drinkes. 1657 W. Cotes Adam in Eden 
cccxxv. 601 The decoction therof in Wine, is an exceeding 
good Wound-drink. 1884 Law Vimes 310/2 One of the 
defendant's men came back with two diinks for the calf. 

Jig. 1400-50 Alexander 1106 Pou sall be drechid of a 
drinke, a dra3te of vnsele. 

6. U.S. humorous. A river or body of water, 
Big drink: the Mississippi; also, the Atlantic. 

1857 Hottanp Bay Path xii. 137 So you'd better scull 
your dug-out over the drink again. a1860 NV. Y. Spirit of 
Times (Bartlett Dict. Amer. s.v. Big), Off I sot, went 
through Mississippi, crossed the big drink. 1873 Roots 
(1888) 47 If you don’t sit steady, we » be spilt into the 
drink. x Illustr, Lond. News 1 Nov. 410/2 Many of 
the Transatlantics will doubtless take a journey across what 
they call ‘the big drink’ to hear her. 

+7. Barley; cf. drink-corn in 9. Obs. rare. 

1573 Tusser Husd. xviii. (1878) 45 Where barlie did 
growe, laie wheat to sowe. Yet better I thinke, sowe pease 
after drinke. Jééd. xxxiii. (1878) 75. 

8. attrtb. and Comb. (chiefly in sense 3). a. 
simple attrib, as drink-bill, -crave, -craving, 
-demon, -duty, -evil, -interest, -licence, -traffic, etc. ; 
used for the sale or consumption of alcoholic 
liquors, as drink-house, -room, -shop, -stall; b. ob- 
jective, as drink-conveyer, -giver, -maker, -seller; 
drink-inspiring, -prohibiting, adjs.  c¢. instru- 
mental, as drink-blinded, -closed, -washed adjs. 

1884 Boston (Mass.) Frni. 13 Sept., The *drink-bill of 
Tennessee is $2,000,000 more than the wheat-crop. 1888 
Pall Mall G, 13 Oct, 2/r Murderous attacks. .at a moment 
of *drink-blinded fury. 1638-48 G. Daniet clog. 11. 162 
Hardly to hope That Eye (*drinke-closed still) can ever 
ope. 1713 Countess WincHELSEA JMisc. Poems 57 Your 
self por hy the *Drink-conveigher) May: be my Ruin. 
1896 7ad/et x Feb, 171 The “drink-demon in possession of 
a young wife. 1883 M. Davitt in Contemp. Rev. Aug. 178 
The low *drinkhouse and the brothel. 1885 Pad Mail G. 
3 July 2/2 Grocers’ *drink licences. 1888 /bid. 13 Feb. 2/1 

e might bly have objected to the *drinkseller 
voting. 1883 Miss Howarp Guenn 15 Through the glass 
door of a * en came an orange glow. 1885 Pad/ 
Mali G. 28 July 2/3 His attitude towards the *drink traffic. 

9. Special comb. : + drink-corn, the grain used 
in brewing, barley; drink-drowned a., intoxi- 
cated; drink-offering, an offering of wine or other 
liquid poured out in honour of a deity, a libation ; 
hence drink-offrer; drink - penny = Drink- 
MONEY. 

1669 WortipcE Syst. Agric.(1681) 15 The O; ‘Count 
-. yields us the puntee part of our treo std 
Row anos Lett. Humours Blood xxii. 28 When signeur 
Sacke and Suger *drinke-drown'd reeles, 184 J, Symmons 


SHAKS. 1 


669 


tr. 4eschylus’ Agam.g In vain. .the *drink-off’rers sacrifice. 

1535 CovERDALE Gen. xxxv. 14 Jacob set vp a piler of stone 

..and poured *drynkofferynges theron. 1593 Dez Diary 

(Camden) 45, I gave him a saffron noble in ernest for 

a *drinkpeny. 

Drinkable (dri‘ykab'l), a. and sd. [-aBLE.] 

A. adj. That may be drunk, suitable for drink- 

ing, potable. 

16rx Corcr. Potable, potable, drinkable. ?1690 Consid, 
Raising Money 15 A Home-Excise upon things eatable 
and drinkable. 1725 Brapiey fam. Dict.s.v. Restoring 
of Beer, Rendering sour Beer drinkable. @1859 MacauLay 
Hist, Eng. (1861) V. 205 A marsh where there was. .neither 
firm earth nor drinkable water. 

b. nonce-use. That may be drunk to or toasted. 

1886 Jerome /dle Thoughts 127 We drink the Queen 
..and the Ladies, and everybody else that is drinkable. 

B. sd. (usually A/.) That which may be drunk ; 
something to drink ; liquor. 

I Hearne Collect. 24 Oct., Good eatables as well as 
Drinkables. 1773 GotpsM. Stoops to Cong.1.i, 1 never have 
courage till I see the eatables and drinkables brought upon 
the table. 1822 Byron Let. to Moore 23 Nov., ‘They are 
my favourite dish and drinkable. 

Hence Drinkabi‘lity, Dri‘nkableness; Dri‘nk- 


ably adv. 

1635 Person Varieties 1. 25 Waters..at least drinkably 
fresh. 1846 Worcester, Drinkableness. 1866 FELTON nc. 
& Mod. Gr. Il. xii. 510 Words..intended to mean Cham- 
pagne of the first quality, but..really meaning of the first 
drinkability. 1894 IT. Harpy Life's Little Jronies 271 
A gallon of hot brandy and beer. .kept drinkably warm. 

Drink-a-penny. Local (Irish) name of the 
little grebe, Zachybaptes fluviatilis. 


1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 216. 


Drinkdom. [f. Drink sé. + -pom.] The 
sphere of action of drink ; the drink interest. 

1884 R. V. Frencu 19 Cent. Drink in Eng. 208 The subject 
of comparative drinkdom. 1885 Pad Alall G. 28 July 
2/3 The triumph of drinkdom over temperance, 

Drinkel, -kle: see DRENKLE. 

Drinker (drinkoz).  [f. Drink v.1+-Er1.] 

1. One who drinks. 

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xi. 19 Etere & drincere wines. 
I Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxxvi. (1495) 624 
The rote of Carduus sod in water gyuyth appetyte to 
drynkers, 1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. vi. 68/2 Whan one 
dranke to another the drynker sholde saye Wassayle. 
1786 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 11. 125 The drinkers commonly 
stand to be helped with water. 1887 Ruskin Preterita II. 
324 Asa rule sherry drinkers are soundly-minded persons, 

b. sfec. One who indulges to excess in intoxi- 
cating liquor ;.a tippler, a. drunkard. 

¢1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 55:On swiche drinkeres. cumed 
godes curs. ¢ 1290 S. Lng. Leg. 1. 319/690 Proud and wemod, 
and drinkare. 1549 Latimer 37d Serm. bef Edw. VI. 
(Arb.) 77 Some sayed he was..a drincker, a pot-companion. 
1659,D. Pett /pr. Sea 100. That tankard-lifting Zeno.. 
was such a drinker, that hee would often lye as one dead: 

c. Qualified by adjs. great, hard, small, etc., 
indicating the amount of liquor habitually taken. 

1340 Ayenb. 47 Pe mochele drinkeres, 1387 TRevisa 
Higden vi. ix. (Yollem. MS.) The Danes were grete 
drynkers by kynde. 1616 Surre. & Marku. Country 
Farme v1. 614 Some say that a great drinker shall neuer 
become drunke, if he weare a wreath of lua moscata about 
his head. 164x Baker Chron. an. 1580 (R.) The English 
..were hitherto the least drinkers. 1725 Swirr Let. to 
Worrall 27 Aug. Lett. 1766 II. 49 You have been all your 
life a great walker, and a little drinker. 1741 RicHaRDSON 
Pamela W1. 179 They are horrid Drinkers. Zod. His 
father was a hard drinker. 

2.. (In full drinker-moth). The popular name 
of a large European moth, Lastocampa (Odonestis) 
potatoria, of the family Bombycide, so called from 
its long suctorial proboscis. 

3682 M. Lister Goedart, Albin. pl. xvii, Drinker-Cater- 

illar. 1749 B. Witkxes Brit. Moths (1773) pl. 58. 1865 

Loop. Homes without H. xiv.(1868) 288 The fur-clad Drinker 
Moth. 1871 E, F. Staverey Brit. /usects 270 The downy, 
large-winged Drinker. 

Hence Drinkeress, a female drinker. 

1827 CARLYLE Germ. Rom. If, 188. 

Drinkery (drinkori). [f Drtnx sd. + -ERy.] 
A place for the supply of (intoxicating) drink. 

1884 Brit.Q. Rev. Ate 360 Music-hall drinkeries. 1889 
Times 27 Dec., The public-house was the chief drinkery. 

+ Drink-hail. Ods. exc. Hist, [Early ME. 
drinc hetl, drinc hail, f, DRINK v. in imperative 
+ Han sb. =ON, heitll, good luck’. In wassazl, 
early ME, was hail, hail’ may be the adj. = ON. 
heill: see Hatt sb, and @. The form Aaz?, indi- 
cates that these phrases are of Norse, not OE, 
origin.] The customary courteous reply to a pledge 
in drinking in early English times. ‘The cup was 
offered with the salutation was haz/ ‘health or 
good luck to you’ (see WassalL), to which the 
reply was drinc hail, ‘ drink good health or good 
luck’. 

cxz0g Lay. 14332 Pat freond s@#ide to freonde .. Leofue 
freond wees hail. r seid drinc hail. 1297 R. Giouc. 
(1724) 118 With a coppe of gold, fol'of wyn..A kne to be 
kyng heo [Rowena]. seyde, ‘lord kyng wasseyl”..Drinkhayl, 
quoth this kyng agen, & re drinke anon. 1350-70 
Eulog. Hist, (1863) III. v. cxxv. 110 More Saxonico salu- 
tavit, et ait: Wassayl..Rex dedit responsum: Drinkhayle, 
et monachus leto vultu ciphum hausit. 14.. How Good 
Wyf tau3zte Douztir (Trin. MS.) in Babees Bk. 44 Syt nat 
yp long At euyn As A gase with the cuppe To sey 


DRIP. 


wessayle, and drynke heylle. [1848 Lytton Harold x1. xii, 
Leofwine. -rose to propose the drink-hzl.] 

Drinking (dri-nkin), vd/. 5d. [f. Drink v.'] 
1. The action or habit denoted by the vb. DRINK ; 
spec. the use of intoxicating liquor, or indulgence 
therein to excess. 
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Sume men laded here lif on 
etinge and on drinkinge alse swin. 1400 tr. Secreta 
Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (KE. FE. T. S.) 58 Wythdrawe pe fro 
mekyl drynkynge. 1585 T’. Wasnincton tr, Nicholay’'s 
Voy. 1. iit. gt As for natural wine..the drinking therof is 
forbidden them. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 313 Finding 
their own provisions of eating and drinking. 1856 Emerson 
Eng. Traits, Aristocracy Wks. (Bohn.) II. 86 Gaming, 
racing, drinking, and mistresses, bring them down. 

2. An occasion of drinking ; a convivial revel. 
c1s1s Cocke Lorell’s B. (Percy Soc.) 7 At euery tauerne 
in the yere, A solempne dyryge is songe there, With a 
gretedrynkynge. 1522 Bury Wills (Camden) 118 A busshell 
and halffe of malte to be browne. .to fynde a drinkinge vpon 
Ascention Even. 1659 D. Pett /ipr. Sea 99 You contend 
in your drinkings..who should drink most, 

3. concr. in dial. use ; see quots. 
1gs2 Hutoet, Drinckinge geuen to workemen after dinner, 
colosium, 1828 Craven Dial.,, Drinkings, beer given to 
labourers before and after dinner. 

4. Comb. a. with sense ‘used for drinking’, as 
drinking-bowl, -cup, -fountain, -horn, -liquor, 
-place, -pool, -pot, -trough, -vessel, -water, etc. ; D. 
‘used for the sale or consumption of drink’, as 
drinking-booth, -house, -inn, -room, -saloon. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 11. 334 Vhe neatness of their 
*drinking-booths. 1852 Grote Greece 11. Ixxvii. X. 208 Two 
silver *drinking-bowls. 1658 W. Burton /tin. Anton. 121 
A silver *drinking cup. 1552 HuLoet, *Drinkinge glasse, 
or potte, ar cuppe, ampulla. 1709 Appison Jatler No. 
24 P 10 Her Name is written with a Diamond on a Drink- 
ing-glass. 1552 HuLoet, *Drinkynge house, cenatiuncula, 
1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 79 Thou shalt go to some drinking- 
house of greatest resort. 1602 a2d@ Pt. Neturn fr. Parnass. 
1. vi. 19 A *drinking Inne in Cheapside. 1727 BrapLey 
Fam. Dice. s.v. Ale, A *drinking Liquor made by infusing 
ground Malt in boiling Water. a1610 HEALEY /heophrastus 
(1636) 80 Jewelled *drinking-pots. 1814 Scotr Hav. Ixiii, 
‘The stone-basin seemed to be destined for a *drinking- 
trough for cattle. 1535 CovERDALE 2 Chron. ix. 20 All 
kynge Salomons *drynkynge vessels were of golde. 1888 
Miss Brapvon Fatal Three 1. v, Vhe *drinking-water of the 
house was supplied from this well. 

ce. Special comb., as drinking-bout, a fit of 
hard drinking ; drinking-club, an association for 
the purpose of drinking in company ; + drinking- 
money, +-penny = DrINK-MONEY; drinking- 
song, one written about drink or drinking. 

1672 Cave Prim. Chr. i. ii. (1673) 285 Not spent upon 
feasts and *drinking-bouts, 1873 Brack Pr. Thule (1874) 8 
As if he were at a drinking-bout of the lads. 1732 BERKELEY 
Alciphr. u. § 19 Most free-thinkers are the proselytes of 
a *drinking-club, c1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxviii. 
582 Goo to your purse & gyve vs som *drynkynge money. 
1611 Fiorio,. Beneraggio.,also drinking money. 1597 
Mor ey /ntrod. A/us. 180 The slightest kind of musicke .. 
are the vinase or *drincking songs. 

Drinking, #//. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG 2.] That 
drinks. a. Of persons: Addicted to drinking; 
spec. indulging freely in intoxicants. b. Of a 
material: That sucks up moisture ; absorbent. 

errs Lamb. Hom. 7 Of milc drinkende childre mude, 1583 
Hottysanp Camo di Fior 339 Wast paper, Which we call, 
the drinking paper, which beareth no inke. 1856 OLMSTED 
Slave States 97 Drinking men, wholly unfitted for the 
responsibility imposed on them. 1887 Pad? A/al/ G.23 Apr. 
12/1 Tobacco..known in the trade as drinking tobacco, will 
carry the water better, ei; 
Dri-nkless, ¢. [f. Drink sd, +-LEss,] With- 
out drink or liquid to quench one’s thirst ; dry. 

13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS, (E. E. T.S.) 621/319 
Druize drinkeles was his tonge. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7 roylus 
nn. 669 (718) He nought for-bet pat euery creature Be 
drynklees for alwey. 1496 Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) x. 
xill. 389/2 Moyses was with god. ..xl. dayes and .xl. nyghtes 
metelesse & drynkeles. 1646 F. Tuorre in //ul? Lett, 
(1886) 143, I am now come back..meatless and drinkless. 
1860 J. F. Camppett Zales West Highlands (1890) II. 426 
He was grown sick: Sleepless, restless, meatless, drinkless. 

Drink-money. A gratuity to be spent on 
drink ; a douceur. Cf. G. trinkgeld, F. pourtotre. 
169 A. Haic in J. Russell Haigs (1881) xi. 332 A legg- 
dollar for parchment. and drink-money. 1753 Hanway 
Trav. (1762) I. vu. xcvii. 451 Brandy, or uncommon fees of 
drink-money, will induce them to travel fast. @1863 
Tuackeray D. Duval iii, He bade the man follow him to 
the hotel. There should be a good drink-money for him, 
Drink-silver, -siller. Sc. =prec.; a per- 
quisite. Also fig. 

1467 Sc. Acts Fas. III (1814) 87 (Jam.) And at na 
drinksiluer be tane the- maister nor his doaris, 1489 
Treasurer's Bks. 10 July in Tytler Hist. Scot, (1864) 11. 

96 Given to the gunners to drink-silver, when they cartit 

onss..18 shillings. 1637 RuTHERForD Le?é. (1862) I. 297, 
I cannot get a house in this town wherein to leave cinniee 
silver in my Master's name. 1808-25 Jamieson, Drink-siller 
is still the vulgar designation. 

rink-water.. rare. 
sb.] A drinker of water. 
ax641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 449 That hydro- 
potz, or drinke-waters were onely amongst the Rechabites. 


Drip (drip), » Forms: 1 dryppan, 5-6 
dryppe, 6 drippe, 6- drip, (Sc, 6-9 dreip, 8-9 
dreep). [OE. dryppan:—OTeut. *drupjan, from 
u-grade of ablaut-series *dreup-, draup-, drup-, 


[f£ Drink v, + WATER 


DRIP. 


OE. dréopan: see DreEPv, Examples of dryppen 
are not known between the OE. period and the 
15th c., and it is possible that the modern vb. is 
from Norse: cf. in same sense Da. dryfpe. 

An OE. dryfpan seems established by the imp ve 
drype in the hd. (5 times on p. 40); the other OE, 
instances in Bosw-Toller ar to belong to drtepan, 
drypan, Drive, As to the reladions of these, see the etymo- 
logical note under Drop sd.) _ P 

1. trans. To let (a liquid) fall in drops; to let 
fall (drops; rarely other objects). 

c1000 Sax. Leechd.11. 40 Drype on pet eare poneele. c 1440 
Promp. Parv.132/2 Dryppyn, or droppyn, stillo, gutto. 
1552 Hutoet, Drippe, fundere gutias. 1606 Syivester Du 
Bartas u. iv. u. Alagnificence 448 Nectar-deaws, which 
Heaven drips. 1634 Hevwoop W2tches Lanc, 1. Wks. 1874 
TV. 186 I’le dresse the dinner, oe I drip my sweat. 
1745 Swirt (J.), The lofty barn..Which from the thatch 
drips fast a shower of rain. 1830 Tennyson Dirge iv, The 
woodbine and eglatere Drip sweeter dews than traitor’s tear. 
Jig. 1574 tr. Marlorats Apocalips 29 They bee called 
golden Condicatickes, bycause that they .. do drippe into 
mens hartes, the most pure, plaine, and naturall vnder- 
standing of faith. 

2. znutr. Of a person or object: To have moisture 
or liquid falling off in drops; to be so copiously 
wet or saturated wzth as to shed drops. 

1508 Kennepie Flyting w. Dunbar 519 Thy dok of dirt 
dreipis. 1607 W. S[mitu] Puritan iv. (R.) He drips and 
drops poor man, 1 T. Brown tr. Fresny'’s Amusem. 
Ser. & Com. 46 Half Spent, and dripping from every Pore 
in his Body. 1816 Scott Amtig. xxvi, Her lang hair 
dreeping wi the salt water. 1871 id Streruen Playgr. Eur. 
viii. (1894) 173 Pine branches. .dripping with moisture. 

transf/. 1849 Freeman Archit. 396 very arch drips with 
foliations hanging free like lacework, 

+b. adsol. Falconry = Dror v, 2b. Obs. rare. 

1696 Puitiirs, Dripping (ed. 1706 dripping or dropping] 
in Faulconry, is when a Hawk muteth directly downwar 
in several Drops. 

3. intr. To fall in drops. 

a1670 Hacker Adbp. Williams 166 (L.) The fat of the 
project dript insensibly away at a slow fire. 1676 Corton 
Walton's Angler. xiit, (R.) Having roasted him enough,— 
let what was put into his belly, and what drips, be his sauce. 
1860 ‘TyNpaLt Glac. 1. xxiii. 161 The rain..came through 
the roof, and dripped from the ceiling. , 

transf. and fig. 1891 Spectator 21 Mar., The surplus 
population of Southern Europe. .drips slowly into French 
Africa. 1894 Hatt Caine A/anxman 262 The moonlight 
was dripping down on him through the leaves of the trees. 
+ 4. intr. Yo slope, slant, dip. Ods. 

1613-39, 1740 [see DriprinG 72. sd.3]. 1703 Moxon Mech. 
Exerc. 26 Holding your Hammer in your Right-hand, hold 
the Edge. . Dripping a-slope from the Right-hand outwards. 

Drip (drip), sé. [f. prec. vb.] 

+1. A falling drop. Oés. 

e440 Promp. Parv. 132/1 Dryppe or drope (P. drepe), 
gutta, stilla, 1§52 Hutoet, Drippe or Droppe, gutta. 

2. The act or fact of dripping or falling in drops. 
Also redupl. dip-drip. Jn a drip: ina dripping 
condition, saturated. 

Right of drip (Law): an easement which entitles the 
owner of a house to let the water from his eaves drip on his 
neighbour’s land. 

1669 Wortipce Syst, Agric, vii. § 1 (1681) 114 No Tree 
thriving under its drip. 1816 Byron CA. Har. im. Ixxxvi, 
On the ear Drops the light drip of the suspended oar. 1855 
Mrs. Gasket North & S. ii, Listen to the drip-drip of the 
rain upon the leads. 1894 Howe ts in Harper's Mag. Feb, 
378 He's in such a drip of perspiration. 

Jig. 1890 Spectator 8 Feb., The tedium of sitting under 
a drip drip of perfunctory discussion. 

3. That which drips or falls in drops; A/. drippings. 

1707-12 Mortimer ch, Water may be procured. .from the 
heavens by aorta the drips of the houses. 80x Cuar- 
Lotte Smita Soft, Wand. 1. 110 But for the drip of the 
trees, 1866 G. Macponatp Ann. QO. Neighd. xi. (1878) 227 
The drip from the thatch of the mill. 1880 V. L. Cameron 
Our Future Highway 11. xii. 244 An awning..to keep the 
drips off. 

4. Arch. a. A projecting ‘member’ of a cornice, 
etc., from which the rain-water drips and so is 
thrown off from the parts below. b. An over- 
Japping piece of lead-work ; cf. drip-joint in 8. 

1664 Evetyn tr. Freart's Archit, 129 A Corona or drip to 
the Capitel, whereof it is the Plinth and Superior. 1726 
Leont Adberti's Archit. IL 35/2 The mutules supporting 
the Drip. 1823 P. Nichotson Pract, Build. 407 Drips on 
Flats or Gutters .. are formed by dressing the joints of the 
jead as described for rolls. 18g0 INkerstey Romanesque 
Archit. 274 Whose principal arches. .are covered with con- 
centric dry 
- tc (See quot.) Ods. 

1727-51 Cuambers Cyci., Drifs is also used in building, 
for a kind of steps, on flat roofs, to walk upon. This way 
of building is much used in Italy, where the roof is not made 
quite flat, but a little raised in the middle; with Drifs, or 
ti pe lying a little inclining to the horizon. 1730-36 Baitey 

lio 

5. (See quot.) 

1825 Brockett NV, C. Gloss., Drif, stalactites, or petri- 
factions. 


6. Manuf. A receptacle for waste or overflow, as 
in refrigerators, etc. : 

1880 Lomas Alkali Trade 43 Only by his drips and 
chamber caps can an acid maker can exactly what is going 


on in his chambers. /é7d. 55 The drips of the first chamber 
must be kept at about 135°. 


7. Mining. See quot., and cf. Drip v. 5. 
1856 S.C. Brees Terms Archit., etc., Drip (in mining), 
ithe angle or inclination of a to the hori ‘ 


670 


8. attrib. and Comé., as drip-board, a board 
to carry off the drip; drip-cock, the tap of 
a ‘drip’ to receive condensed moisture; drip- 
cup, a cup-shaped vessel to catch droppings of 
liquid; drip-joint (see quot.); drip-moulding 
= DripsTone; drip-pan, a pan to catch drops of 
liquid; drip-pipe (see quot.); drip-pump, a 
plumbers’ pump for removing water from gas- 
pipes, etc.; drip-shot (see quot.) ; drip-stick, in 
stone-sawing, a stick along which water is slowly 
led to the stone, to keep the kerf wet ; =dripping- 
board; arip-tray=drif-pan. Also DrIpsTONE. 

1890 R. Kirptinc Phant. Rickshaw 44 Over the mouth a 
wooden *drip-board projected. 1865 Gesner Coal, Petrol., 
etc. (ed. 2) 85 The *drip-cock carries off the condensed steam. 
1886 W. A. Harris Dict. Fire Ins., * Drip-cups .. provided 
to catch falling oil from bearings, and other lubricated por- 
tions of machinery, 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Drip-joint 
-.a mode of uniting two sheets of metal in roofing where 
the joint is with the current, so as to forma water conductor. 
1851 Turner Dom. Archit. 11. iii. 73 Windows .. with a 
*drip moulding. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Drip-pife, 
a small copper pipe .. from the waste-steam pipe inside, to 
carry off the condensed steam and other hot water which 
may be blown into the ‘trap’ at the top. 1758 RoBERTSON 
in Phil. Trans. L. 497 Under almost all the arches there are 

reat numbers of *drip-shot piles, or piles driven into the 
bed of the water-way, to prevent it from being washed away 


by the fall. 

Dri p, 54. [reduplication of Drip or 
Drop.] Continuous dripping with alternation of 
sound, So Drip-drop v., /¢. and fig. 

1848 Mrs. Gaskett Jf, Barton ix, The drip-drop from 
the roof without. 1 BrowninG Red Cott. Nt.-cap 269 
She patient .. wiled the slow drip-dropping hours away. 
1888 W. E. Hentey in Pall Mall G. 11 June 3/t My 
very life goes dripping, Dropping, dripping, drip-drop- 
dropping, B the drip-drop of the cistern, 

16 Dripe, v. Obs. rare. [ME. drifen:—OE. 
drypan, early WS. *driepan:—*draupjan, causal 
from au-grade of ablaut series *dreup-, draup-, 
drup: see Drie v. and etymological Note to 
Drop s4.] 

1. trans. To let drop, cause to fall in drops. 

¢893 K. AELFRED Orosius iv. vii, Pe mon nime anne eles 
dropan, and drype on an mycel fyr. c1000 AEtFric Hom. 
I, 118 Mine handadrypton myrran._ c¢ 1420 Padlad. on Husé. 
11. 277 Ek of the yonge out trie Oon heer, oon theer, and 
elliswhere hem dripe. 

+ 2. To moisten, wet with drops. Oés. 

(In quot. 1573 prob. by ellipsis of prep. om.) 

c1000 AELrric Hom. 1. 330 He bad .. dat Lazarus moste 
his tungan drypan. 1573 Tusser H/usd, xxxv. (1878) 78 
Ye may, for driping his fellowes, that bough cut away. 

Dri‘pless, 2. Without a drip; that does not 
drip. 

188) Pall Mall G. 25 Oct. 6/1 There are displays of taps, 
one a ‘dripless’. Mod. Adzt., The Standard ‘ Dripless’ 
Strainer. Ro drip to soil table-linen. 

Dripper (dripa:). [f. Drip v. + -en1.] He 
who or that which drips ; a wet, rainy day. 

1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. xii. 59 Of 261 days there are 
found 140 Drippers. /d. xiii. 70 Of 87 Full Moons there 
appear..Seventy Five Drippers. 

ri‘pping, v4/. sd. [f. Drip v. + -1NG.] 

L The fall of liquid in drops; concr. the liquid 
so falling. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 132/2 Dryppynge, or gf fe e, 
stillacio, a1635 Corset On ¥. Dawson, Butler Ch. Ch 
(R.), O ye barrels! let your drippings fall In trickling 
streams, @ 1816 Br. WATSON Mmeed 1. 121 (R.) The scanty 
drippings of the most barren rocks in Switzerland. : 

2. spec. The melted fat that a from roasting 
meat, which when cold is used like butter. Formerly 
often in /. 

1463 [implied in Drrprtnc-pan.] 1530 Patscr. 215/1 Drep- 
yng of rost meate, /a gresse du vost. 1§§2 Hutort, Drip- 
pinges of rost. 1601 Hocann Pliny I. 385 The dripping 
or grauie that commeth from a_rams lights rosted. 1733 
Swirt Poems Wks. 1763 IL. 141 For Candles she trucks her 
Dripping. 1826 Scotr Let, to Lockhart 15 Jan., A good 
sirloin, which requires only to be basted with its own drip- 

ings. R. N. Carey Uncle Max viii. 67 A piece of 

read and dripping. 

+ 3. A slope to carry off water. Cf. Drip sé. 7. 

1613-39 I. Jones in Leoni Palladio's Archit, 742) I. 7 
The Dripping of the Pavement. 1740 Dycue 'ARDON, 
Dripping ..the inclination or angular slant of a pent house, 

4. attrib. and Comé., as dripping-board, a 
board from which water drips; dripping-cake, 
a cake made with dripping; dripping-vat (see 
quot.), Also DrippinGc-PAn. 

1 I. T. F. Turner Slate Quarries 16 The slab, on 
which, from a “ dripping-board ', a continuous dropping of 
water washes particles of flint sand beneath the saw-plate. 
1857 Hucnes 7om Brown u. viii, The excellence of that 
mysterious condiment, a *dripping-cake. 1874 KnicuT 
Dict, Mech., * Dripping-vat, a tank beneath a boiler. .to 
catch the overflow or drip, as. .in indigo-factories, 

Dri‘pping, ///. a. [f. Drip v. + 1NG #,] 

1. That drips; having liquid falling off in drops. 

1783 Cowrer Kose 10 A nosegay, so dripping and drowned. 
1801 Sourney 7halaéa x1. xxxvi, His back and dripping 
wings Half open’d to the wind, 1833 Ht. Martinrau Cin- 
namon § P, vi. 109 The other girls wrung out their dripping 

ir, 
b. Of weather: Wet, continuously rainy. 
1699 Poor Man's Plea 7 They had a dripping Harvest. 


1792 Trans, Soc. Arts X. 99 In any dripping year, you will | 


DRIVE: 


ce. Dripping eaves. (See quot.) | r 
a Cc RAIG, ‘ate, i ees ae re edges of the roof 
t tot! 
Fareman rchit, 189 The towers sonata Koper 
"S. qces-ade-iaggemeaaiaen 
° ast . r. wet. 
ais Mamepe ‘ape Kine W.4W., The master 


+ came down dri “ai ¢ ) 7 
-pan “pin pen). DrirPine 
vbl. so A pan used to catch the ‘ adbpine” from 
roasting meat. 
Act 3 Edw. IV, c. 4 Hamers, pinsons, firetonges, - 
drettinpenee. 1552 eg lg Canaanrtes One dryp- 
ine ne of iron, 1769 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. 
P78 95 Put them into a tin dripping-pan to bake or fry 
them. 1883 Know/edge 8 June 342/2 Inside the cylinder [of 
the roaster] is a cylinder to support the dripping. 
(drivp’l), v. [A frequentative formation 
blending drip and dribdle.] 

1. intr. =DRieBLE v. 3 ; but connoting a lighter 
and brisker motion. 

r8ar Ciare Vill. Minstr. 11. 106 The brook mourns drip- 
pling o'er its pebbly bed. > J. Strutuers Poetic T. 59 
Drippling springs romantic play. 

2. = Drip z. 3. 

1822 Byron Werner 1. ii. 26 You who stood still Howling 
and drippling on the bank. _ Rosson Bards Tyne 245 
Drippling like some River God, he slowly left the harbour, 

+ ‘pplekie, Ods. nonce-wd. A very small 
drop, a driblet. 

1668 Cucrerrer & Coir Barthol. Anat. mi. iii. 135 If you 
squeeze the substance thereof, many little Dripplekies of 
blood do sweat out. 

Drippy (dri‘pi), a. [f. Drip + -¥1.] Charac- 
terized by dripping; wet, rainy. 

1817-18 Consett Resid. U.S. (1822) 50 The drippy and 
chilly climate of England. 1868 GF. in Lie (1891) IL 
108 In town. Muddy, sloppy, drippy. 

Dripstone (dri-pstoun). 

1. A moulding or cornice over a door, window, 
etc., to throw off the rain; a label. Also aftrid. 

1812-16 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art 1.139 The drip- 
stone is generally clearly marked and often small. 
Ruskin Stones Ven. 1, vi. § 6 The dripstone is naturall 
attribute of Northern buildings, and therefore cupocelly, of 
Gothic architecture. /éd. § 9 A true dripstone moulding. 

2. ‘The name usually given to filters com 
of porous stone’ (Smyth Sazlor’s Word-bk, 1867). 

1858 in Simmonns Dict. Trade. 

Driry, obs. form of DREARY @. 

Drisk. U.S. A drizzly mist. 

1717 S. Sewatt Diary 27 Apr. (1882) III. 129 My Calash 
debediad me well from the Cold Drisk. its) HOREAU 
Maine W. (1894) 239 We mistook a little y islet 
through the ‘drisk’..for the steamer. 

e, drissel, drit, obs. ff. Drizzix, Dirt. 

Drite, v. Obs. exc. Sc. Also 1 dritan, 5-6 
drytt, 5-7 dryte, (7 fa. ¢. drait, 8 dret, pa. 
pple. drate). [Com. Teut. str. vb. *drit-an, drait, 
dritan-, in ON. drita, dreit, dritinn, MDu. drften, 
Du. drijten, LG. driten, The strong inflexion pa, 
t. drate, drait, dret, and pa. pple. drittin, also 
dirtin, are retained in Sc. Hence Dirt, ME. drit.] 
intr. To void or ge 2 excrement; to stool. 


w. Dunbar 395, 1 sall ding the, qubill thow dryte and dong. 
a 1605 Potwart Flyting w. Montgomerie Sea od thou flyt, 


Drith(e, obs, var. of Dryru. 

Drittin : see DricnTiy. 

Drivable (droi-vab’!), a. [f. Drive v. +-aBLE.] 
Capable of being driven ; suitable for driving. 

1854 Tnorrau Wadden i. (1863) 49 Straight, and drivable 
nails. 1880 Miss Brappon Yust as J am liii, Within a 
driveable distance. Arxinson Moorland Par. 359 
When the snow began to be drivable. Atheneum 
. Jan. 52/3 That .. the majority of the Scotch moors [are] 

rivabie . 

Drive (draiv), v. Pa. t. drove (dré"v) ; arch. 
drave (dré'v), Pa. pple. driven (dri-v’n). Ce 
Common Teut. vb., of first ablaut series ; O. 
drif-an, drdf, pi. drifon, drifen, corresp. to OS. 
dritan, OF ris, drtva, Du. drijven), OHG. triban 

Ger. treiben), ON. drifa (Sw. drifva, Da. drive), 

oth. dreiban ; draib, dribum ; dribans, Not re- 
presented outside Teutonic, 


The OF, inflexion is regularly r d by the it 
Pea In the pa. t., however, the northern drave long held 
the field (as in the Bible versions) against the southern H 


became obs. in isthe. A new 
me by on veg ae the pa. t., was shee long used 
ole instead of driven.) 
A. Inflexional Forms. 

1. Present stem. 1 arif-, 2-5 drif-, dryf-, “4 
ariif-, 4-§ drift, 5 drvf-, dre 3+ ariv-, (3 
dryv-, 4-5 dryw-, iev-). 

. Baeda's Hist. 1. x. [xiii Us drifad Sa 
ee, ees Ot 5 Eas bor +0. sen 


driue, @1300 Cursor M. 22642 (Edin.) Drifpaim doun. ¢1300 


DRIVE. 


Beket 197 So moche wo he gan dryve. ¢1400 MaunveEv. 
(Roxb.) xx. 91 He herd ane dryfe bestez. 1483 Cath. Angl. 
109/1 To Drywe (A. Dryffe). 1526 Pilgr. Po 179 b, Dryue 
hym away. 1553 Even 7reat. Newe /nd. (Arb.)13 Whiche 
nacion the Turke. .entended to drieue out of India. 


2. Pa. t. a. sing. a, 1 dr&f, 2-4 draf, 4-7 (9 
arch.) drave, (3 dref, 4 north, 5-6 Sc. draif, 
5 drafe, Sc. draiff, draytf, drawe). These forms 
also f/. from 13th c. in north, from 15th c. 


generally: see below c B. ; : 

a 1000 Cxdmon’s Gen. 2804 Pa se wer.. Draf of wicum. .his 
agen bearn. @x122g ¥uiana 76 A steorm. .draf ham to londe. 
a 1300 E. E. Psalter xiii{i]. 2 Wharfore awai drave pou me? 
¢x400 Maunnev. (Roxb.) xx. 92 A tempest..drafe him. r, 
Bew.enven Livy v. (1822) 417 Camillus draif infinite gudis 
fra Capena. x61r BisLe Yosh. xxiv, 18 The Lord draue out 
from before vs all the people. 1647 Cowtry Mistress, Usurpa- 
tion ii, But thou, their Cov’etous Neighbour, drav'est out 
all.- 1676 Hoses //iad 1. 151 Nor ever thence my Kine or 
Horses drave. 1887 Bowen Virg, Aineid 1. 29 Now from 
Latium’s shores Troy’s exiled army she drave. 

8. 3-5 drof, 4- drove, (4-5 drofe, droof(e, 
droff(e). These forms also f/. from 14th c. 
¢ 1200 Trin, Coll. Hom. 39 Ure drihten drof fele deules.. 
utafaman. 13.. Coer de L. 5092 Syx thousand. .he droff 
hym before. ¢1374 Cuaucer Axel. & Arc. 190 She..drofe 
him forthe. cr Wycur Wks. (1880) 241 [Crist] droof 
out symonyentis. 1382 — Gen. xv. 11 Abram droue hem 
awey. c1450 Merlin 78 Our meynee..drof hem ageyn. 
x473 Warkw. Chron. (Camden) 8 [He] droff oute of Lyn- 
colnshyre Sere Thomas a Burghe. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. /V, 
lv. iii. roz He. .droue vs to seeke out This Head of safetie. 

y- 3 dreof, 4 dref, 4-5 drife. 

c ae, Mere 29939 Adelstan. .dreof heom..Ut ouer We3en. 
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1590 In-to pe erthe 
his ax dref. cx400 Sowdone Bab. 407 A Ronayne drife a 
darte him to. 

8. 5-7 drived. 

I dritieden [see 2c]. cxq00 Melayne 328 To the Duke 
a dynt he dryvede. 1685 Baxter Pareahe: N. T., Fohn 
iv. 46 Outward necessities. .drived many to seek to Christ. 

b. 2 stung. 1 drife. - 

ce. pl. 1 drifon (dreofon), 2-3 drife(n, 3-5 
drive(n, (4-5 dryve(n, dreven, -yn). 

cgoo tr. Beda's Hist. 11. v. (1890) 112 [Hi] dreofon hine 
onwez. cr1o00 Ags. Ps. lix. 9 [Ix. 10] Pu .. de us swa drife. 
¢1000 Ags. Gosp. John ix. 35 Hig hyne drifon ut [c11x60 
Hatton drifen}. cx205 Lay. 1673 Heo.. Driuen heom on 
3einwerd. c1ago S. Eng. Leg. if 39/188 Huy. .driue pane 
wayn pare as be Quene was. 13.. Coer de L. 5774 That 
they ne dreyen alle adoun. 1382 Wycur ¥0é xxiv. 3 They 
dryuen awei the asse [1388 driueden). 1420 Chron. Vilod. 
14 Pai drevyn be Brytones hou3t and drevyn hem in to Walys. 
c1450 Merlin 78 We driven the remenaunt in at the gates. 

B. pl. from 13th c. in north, from 15th c. 
generally, as sing.: see 2a, a, B. 

a@1300 Cursor M. 4572 (Cott.) Pai draf {so Gott., Fairf. 
drave, Trin. droof] ize ober aie a-wal. 1480 rapes 
Chron. Eng. ccxxxix. 265 They..drofe oute al the prisoners, 
2.3533 Lp. Berners /uxon liv. 183 They..draue away al the 

tes, 

3. Pa. pple. a. 1 drifen, 3- driven, (4 drivin, 
y-driven, 4-6 dryven, -in, -on,-un, -yn, dreven, 
-in, -yn, 5 drifun, dryfen, Sc. drywyn, 5-6 
drewin, -yn, 6 drieven). 

cgse Lindisf. Gosp. Luke viii. 29 [He] zedrifen was from 
diowlz on woesternum. ¢ 1200 Orm. 8247 He wass drifenn ut. 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 21779 (Edin.) Nailis in his hend and fete 
That driuin ware. ¢1330 Arth. & Merl. 6223 Y-driuen 
he was undir the toun. a@ x0 Hampo.e Psalter x. 7 Pai 
ere..dryuen in til be pitt of hell. c1340 Cursor M. 9454 
(Fairf.) Drevyn fro his Erytage. 1380 Wycur Serm. 
Sel. Wks. I. 187 Was dryvun bus into helle. ¢x400 Destr. 
Troy 12322 Dryvon fro troy. cx400 Afol. Loli. 99 All 
be drifun in to be seruice of Crist. Sg SER Nears Ps 
xliii{i]. 2 How thou hast dryuen out the Heithen with thy 
honde. 1553, Even Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 9 Drieuen 
into Germanie, 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 28 
bo tempest ware drevyne to Porchemoth havyne. 156: 

1n3ET Ws, (1890) II. 22 The preistis dryuin away cae 
banissit. /id. 63 This wil. .violentlie is drewin. 

B. 3 ydryve, 3-6 drive (4-5 dryve, idreve, 
5 ee drif, 6 dryff, dreff). 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 97 Mid strengbe ydryue into Yrlonde. 
¢1330 R. Brunne fag sly Wace Ret 13856 Ner al slayn, 
and dryue bakward. ¢1386 Cuaucer Frankl, T. 502 
This bargayn is ful dryue. © 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 
133 Nilus is i-dreue aze. c 1400 Song Roland 1024 Or this 
dredfull day was drif to nyght. cxrq48g E. EF. Misc. 
(Warton Club) 43 From dale to doune I am i-dreufe. 1513 
Dovuctas ners 1, Contents 2 How the.. Troianis war 
drive on to Cartage ciete. Ings Torkincton Pilgr. (1884) 
59 Dryffin to Barbaria. Jézd. ; We war Dreff bakward.] 

7. 5-8 drove, 6-7 droven. 

14.. Amis & Amil. 2461 (Douce MS.) When thei had.. 
Droue oute both broun and blake. 1557 NortH Gneu- 
ara’s Diall Pr. 152b/2 To haue drouen out the Gothes. 
1607 TorseLt Four-f. Beasts (1658) 480 They were drove 
formost. /éid. 517 They are not to te droven but to be 
carryed in a Cart. 1648 Gace West. Ind. viii. (1655) 24 
We thought it would [have] blown and droven us out of our 

s. 3178 Gispon Dec?. §& F. 11, xxvi. 13 The victor and 
the vanquished have alternately drove, and been driven, 

1799 Netson 18 Feb. in Nicolas Disf., The French yet 
may be drove out of the Kingdom of Naples. 

6. 5-7 drived. 
523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxxvi. 658 They were 
driued home agayne to their losse. iS 

B. Signification. 

I. To force (living beings) to move on or away. 
1. trans. To force (men or animals) to move on 


before one, or flee away from one, by blows or 


671. 


intimidation’; to urge on or impel with violence. 
Usually with an adv. or prepositional phrase de- 
fining the direction, etc., as away, back, down, in, 
off, on, out, up; from, to, toward, through a place, 
etc. In comb. with an ady. often answering in 
sense to a compound verb from L.: drive back = 
repel, drive out =expel, drive in or on=impel. 

¢1000 Ags. Gos. Mark xi. 15 He ongann drifan [c 1160 
Hatton drifen] of pam temple syllende and_bicgende. 
c1205 Lay. 17613 Drif heom of zrde. a 1300 Cursor M. 

832 (Gétt.) I se his dohutir rachell Driuand his bestes to 

well. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1. ii. 3 Michael 
drofe me out of heuene. c1440 Promp. Parv. 132/2 Dryve 
bestys, ino. 1483 Cath. Angl. 109/2 ‘Yo Drywe (4. 
Dryffe) away. 1530 Patscr. 5209/2 I drive a thyng afore 
me, ye chasse deuant moy. Ibid. 530/1 He drave me 
out a dore..as I had ben a dogge. 1553 EpEN 77eat. 
Newe Ind. (Arb.) 38 We droue them to flyghte. 1646 
P. ButkELey Gospel Covt. To Rdr. 5 To be driven up and 
downe the world, as a vagabond, or as dryed leaves. 1726 
Swirr /¢ cannot rain but it pours Wks. 1755 III. 1. 134 A 
flock of sheep, that were driving to the shambles. 1855 
Macautay Hist. Eng. III. 333 It was impossible to drive 
him to bay. 1888 J. IncLis Zent Life in Vigerland 35 The 
Indian jackal..can fight in an ugly way when driven into 
a-corner. 1894 Barinc-Goutp Deserts S. France II. 254 
The King..drove in the Russian sharpshooters. 

b. Proverb. 

1532 More Con/ut. Tindale Wks. 557/1 He must needes go, 
whom the dyuel dryueth. 1556 J. Heywoop Sider & F. 
lv. Aavb, Forth he must (they say) that the deuil doth 
driue. 1590 Lovcr Exufhues Gold. Leg. (1887) 92 He is in 
haste whom the devil drives. @1659 CLEVELAND Coach- 
man 6 The Proverb, needs must go when th’ Devil drives. 
1886 Mrs. Lynn Linton Paston Carew xxxiii, 1 am sorry 
for that little fellow. .but needs must when the devil drives. 

ce. ¢ransf. To constrain or oblige to go or flee 
(by force of circumstances, or by an inward feeling 
or impulse). : 

cso Robin Hood in Arb. Garner VI. 449 What need 
driveth the to green wood? 1635 J. STEPHENS Saty”. Ess., 
Fidler 425 Hope of imployment drives him up to London, 
1650 Trapp Comm. Gen. xlvii. 20 Stark hunger drove the 
wolfe out of the wood, as the proverb is. 1755 S. WALKER 
Serm. x, A Knave, or a Sot! who is drove fs the Fear of 
an After-reckoning to the Church. 1867 Q. Rev. Oct. 30 
Thirst for knowledge drove him to Jerusalem. 1879 Cas- 
sell's Techn. Educ. 1V.235/2 The persecutions. .drove about 
5,000 refugees to England. 

2. fig. (with abstract object). 

c1z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Swilch manifeald pine.. 
driuen ut of ure boght pe fule lustes. a1300 Cursor MT. 
26865 His scrift pou agh noght to driue awai. 1484 
Caxton Fadles of Poge (1889) 4 To dryue awey mel- 
ancholye. 1876 FLeminc Panof/l. Epist. 28 [Vhis] drave 
all my sorrowes into perpetual exile. 1672 Cave Prim. 
Chr. 1. iv. (1673) 88 When he could not drive the thing 
he might at least banish the name. 179% Gent Mag. 
23/t French bread having driven English from the tables 
of the great. 1892 Speaker 8 Oct. 427/1 India .. has prac- 
tically been driving China out of the London Market. 

b. To put, bring, cause to fall (eon a person), 
Obs. or arch. 

a@ 1300 Cursor M. 19335 (Gott.) Queder 3e will driue on vs 
be blam. 1535 CoverDALE 2 Sam. xv. 14 Lest he .. dryue 
some mysfortune vpon vs. 1885 R. Bripces Nero u. iv, 
Drive not the fault on him. 

3. To cause to flee before one’s pursuit; to chase, 
hunt, pursue, follow ; also fg. Ods. or arch. 

cx200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 209 Pe deuel .. hented us alse 
hunte driued deor to grune. 1340 Ayend. 75 Pe on vly3b, 
be oper hyne dryfp. 1375 Barsour Bruce vil. 66 He vist 
full weill that thai vald drif The kyngis trass till thai hym 
ta. 16.. Chevy Chase ii, To drive the deer with hound 
and horn, Earl Percy took his way. 1639 Lp. Dicsy Let. 
conc. Relig. iv. (1651) 93 To drive up this belief to the 
Patriarkes. 3810 Scott Lady of L. v1. xxiv, Drive the 
fleet deer the forest through. 

b. To chase or frighten the game or wild beasts 
of an extensive area into nets, traps, or a small 
area where they can be killed or captured. (See 
DrIvE sé. 1c.) 

1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Driving, amongst sportsmen, 
a term applied to the taking of young pheasants, and some 
other birds, in nets of an open structure. Driving of wild 
JSowil, is only practicable in the moulting time. .and is to be 
done by means of a spaniel. 1841 J. Fores Eleven Y. in 
Ceylon 1. 125 To encircle the herd, and to await his signal to 
commence driving. did. 139 We could distinctly see the 
progress of the people employed in driving..At last the 
elephants broke from the jungle. 1883 19/4 Cent. Dec. 
1096 Battue shooting and grouse and partridge driving. 
3890 Baker Wild Beasts 1. 162 Any form of shooting 
excepting driving is quite impossible under these conditions. 

¢. absol. To drive a tenant's cattle to the pound 
as a method of distraining for rent. 

a 1659 CLEVELAND Poems, §¢. 19 (T.) His landlord..hath 
sent His water-bailiff thus to drive for rent. 1766 GotpsM. 
Vic. W. xxiv, My steward talks of driving for the rent. 
1868 TreNncu Realities Irish Life vi. 82 The term ‘driving’ 
was applied to a summary process for recovering rent, which 
the law in these days conferred upon the landlord, whereby 
he could drive to the pound the cattle of any tenant who 
owed any rent whatever, without previous notice. 

4. With the place or area as verbal object: a. 
To drive off the animals, etc. from (a district); 
to scour, devastate, harry. b. Forest Law. To 
drive together all the cattle in (a forest) for pur- 
poses of identification, etc. ; see Drirr sé. 1b. @. 
Hunting. To search (a wood, district, etc.) for 
game ; also adsol. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 1198 All pe pastours and pe playnes 


DRIVE. 


prestly to driue, And bring in all pe bestaill, barayn and 
othire. 1540 Act 32 Hen. V//1, c. 13. § 4 All forrestis .. 
shalbe driven at the feast of Sainct Michaell. 1697 
Dryven 4¢neid 1. 745 We come not with design of wastful 
Prey, ‘Io drive the Country, force the Swains away. 1727 
Porg, etc. Art of Sinking 72 They have ..driven the 
country, and carried off at once whole cart-loads of our 
manufacture. 1790 R. Bace Herwisprong xxiii, If 1 live, 
I will drive the country of him. 1890 Baker Wild Beasts 
& their Ways I, 88 One day we were driving a rocky 
hill for a tiger. /édéd. 417 We were driving for any kind 
of animals that the jungle might produce. 

5. spec. To urge onward and direct the course of 
(an animal drawing a vehicle or plough, or the 
vehicle itself; also, by later extension, a railway 
engine or train, etc.). 

[cx000 Christ 677Sum mez ofer sealtne se sundwudu drifan.] 
ax250 Prov. Alfred 95 in UO. E. Misc. 108 And be cheorl 
beo in fryp..And his plouh beo i-dryue, 1382 Wycuir 
2 Sam. vi. 3 The sones of Amynadab dryuen the newe 
wayn. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace vi. 437 A werk man come 
fast, Dryfande a mere. 1553 ‘I. Witson Ket. (1580) 206 
He is a meter man to drive the cart then to serve the 
court. 1667 Mitton ?. LZ. m1. 438 Where Chineses drive 
With Sails and Wind thir canie Waggons light. c 1676 
Lapy Cuawortu in 12th Rep. Hist. MLSS. Comm. App. Vv. 
34, Sledges .. are counted dangerous things and none can 
drive the horse that draws them about but the D. of Mon- 
mouth. 1895 Law 7imes Rep. LXXIII. 623/2 The engine- 
driver drove his train at the rate of..forty miles an hour. 
Jig. 1789 Woxcorr (P. Pindar) Hp. to falling Minist. 
Wks. 1812 II. 116 Who driveth, Jehu-like, the church and 
state. 1892 Mrs. H. Warp D. Grieve u. vii, Louie isn't 
an easy one to drive. 

b. To carry or convey in a vehicle. 

1662 J. BARGRAVE Pofe Alex, V1] (1867) 120 To be droven 
ina wheelbarrow. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. xxvii. 218, 1 was 
driven by my two guides in an open sledge to Sallenches. 
Mod. You can have the luggage driven to the station. 

ce. absol, To guide a vehicle or the animal that 
draws it, to act as driver; also, to travel or be con- 
veyed in a carriage under one’s own direction or at 
one’s disposal. Also zaztr. (for pass.), of the 
vehicle. 

One drives in a vehicle of which the course is under one’s 
control, as one’s own or a friend’s private carriage, or a hired 
carriage or cab; one 7¢des in a vehicle the course of which 
one does not control, as a public stage-coach, omnibus, or 
tram-car, or the cart of a friendly farmer who gives one a 
‘lift’ on the way. 

1592. Suaks. Kom. & Ful. 1. iv. 82 Sometime she [Queen 
Mab] driueth ore a Souldiers necke. 1634 Sir T. HERBERT 
7 rav. 136 So that a-top might drive together sixe Chariots. 
1709 BerKeLey 7h. Vision § 46, I hear a coach drive along 
the street. 1717 Prior Ada i. 140 The man within the 
coach that sits .. Is safer much.,than he that drives. 1793 
Regal Rambler 83 The lady..ordered her coachman..to 
drive on. ¢ 1838 Lanpor /mag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I]. 14 If 
they do not like the price, they drive off. 1877 M. M. Grant 
Sun-Maid ii, They drove through a shady beech-wood. 
1892 7imes 19 Jan. 7/5 The Queen drove yesterday after- 
noon. 1893 ioe Dunmore /amirs 11. 293 A new bridge 
+. Was just finished as we drove up. A/od. You can ride 
by omnibus all the way; but, as time is an object, you had 
better take a cab and drive to London Bridge. 

+6. zutr. or absol. To ride hard on horseback. 

¢1300 Havelok 2702 He cam driuende up-on a stede. 
c1450 Merlin 335 Phei saugh her meyne come full harde 
dryuinge. 1470-85 Matory Arthur vu. viii, They sawe a 
knyght come dryuend by them al in grene. 

II. To impel (matter) by physical force, 


7. trans. To cause (something) to move along : 


by direct application of physical force; to propel, 
carry along (usually said of the wind, or a current 
of water). 

a1067 Charter of Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. 1V. 221 Eall 
Set to his strande gedryuen hys. cxz00 7rin. Coll. Hom. 
175 Storm. .arered shures fele and driued hem biforen him. 
a 1300 K. Horn hid se pat schup so faste drof. c 1400 
Sowdone Bab. 76 A drift of wedir us droffe to Rome. 1582 
N. Licneriecp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. lv. 117, 
Their ships were driuen on shore, for all their Ankors. or id 
Dryven Virg. Gecrg.1. 125 When the light Stubble, to the 
Flames resign’d, Is driv’n along, and crackles in the Wind. 
1762 Fatconer Shifwr. u. 805 Our helpless bark at last 
ashore is driven. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 
nia To prevent the blood from being driven back again into 
the ventricle. 1862 Miss YoncE C’tess Kate ix, Alice and 
I used to drive hoops. 

b. To direct the course of (timber floating down 
a stream). (U.S. and Canada.) 

1848 TuorEau Maine W. (1894) 55 It was easy to see that 
driving logs must be an exciting as well as arduous and 
dangerous business. 1873 Gt. /ndust. U. S. 822 The difficult 
and dangerous service of driving the logs down the rivers 
to the abodes of civilization. 

8. To cause to go with force ; to throw, cast, send, 
impel in any direction; e.g. to throw down by force, 
force asunder, separate or dispel with force. 

a 1000 Boeth, Metr. xxix. 57 (Fox) Hwilum bet drize drift 
pone wetan. ax1300 Cursor M. 26047 Samson. bis hus 
skakand don dos he drijfe. c1340 /é7d, 21143 (Trin.) Stones 
at him pei draue. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. Ixii. 
(1495) 573 A nother kynde [of stone] forsakyth yren and 
dryueth it awaye fro hymself. cx14g0 York Myst. xvii. 283 
Hayll! duke pat dryues dede vndir fete. 1581 Prtriz 
Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. G 586) 17b, The Northeast winde 
doth not so drive in sunder the clouds. 1858 A. W. Dray- 
son Sportit . Africa 191 He generally drove a bullet 
et straight. J/od. Sc. dial. Boys driving stones at a 

ird in a tree, 


b. Cricket. To strike (a ball) with the bat held 
upright, so as to send it back (more or less) in 


DRIVE. 


the direction of the bowler. (Often with the 
bowler as object.) c¢. Base-ball and Lawn- 
Tennis. To throw or hit (a ball) very swiftly. 

1 Hucues Tom Brown u. viii. (1880) 358 Arthur gets 
the ball again, and actually drives it forward for two, 1881 
Standard 28 June 3/1 Whiting drove Studd to the off for 
four. 1882 Daily Tel. 17 May, Shaw, letting out at that 
bowler's next delivery, drove it to the boundary for a quar- 
tette, 1894 Daily News 12 June 3/4 Moorhouse, in attempt- 
ing to drive Richardson was bowled. ae 

d. To separate (feathers or down) artificially by 
a current of air which drives away the lightest and 
collects them by themselves. 

1604 [see DrivEN 2]. 1696 [see Drivin vdé. sb. 2]. 1755 
Jounson, Drive, .. 18 To purify by motion: so we say to 
drive feathers. 1817 [see Driven 2). 

9. To force, impel, or expel, by a blow or thrust ; 
spec. to force by blows (a stake, a nail, etc.) into 
the ground or into anything solid, so as to fix it in 
its place. Also fig. 

a taag Ancr. R. 122 [Hy] driven buruh his four limes irene 
neiles. 1300 Cursor M. 7809 Thoru his licam mi suerd i 
draif. 1417 Surtees Misc. (1890) 12 Als the stakes are dryfen. 
1530 Patscr. 530/1, I drive out the heed or bottome of any 
vessell, je effonce. 1 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1w. 
19t One nayle is driven out by an other. 1667 Primatr 
City & C. Build. g3 The ground is not firm to build on, but 
doth require stakes to be droven. 1698 Fryer £. /ndia & 
P. 58 Coopers..driving home their Hoops. 1816 KEATINGE 
Trav. (1817) II. 44 [He] drove his heels into the horse’s sides. 
1890 Baker Wild Beasts & Ways 1. 147 The elephant.. 
drove his long tusks between the tiger’s shoulders. 

Jig. 1607 Hieron Ws, 1, 215 That | may..driue home the 
naile of this exhortation euen to the head. 1891 Law Times 
XC. 459/2 The enormity of a particular case only drives 
home upon the public mind the evils of perjury. 

b. ztr. for refl. or pass. (of a nail, ball, ete.). 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 123 These Hook-Pins .. drive 
into the Pin-holes through the Mortesses and Tennants. 
a1774 Gotpsm. Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) II. 97 At 
twenty-six yards distance it [the ball] would drive through 
an oak board half an inch thick. 1793 Smeaton Edystone 
L. § 239 The trenail would drive no further. 

e. transf. (trans.) To drive nails into, so as to 
fasten ; to drive the hoops upon (a cask). 

16gt T. H{ate] New /nvent. 26 Their sheathing when 
laid on, and droven with Nails. 1757 W. Tuompson R. NV. 
Advoc, 18 The Casks not having been drove and filled up. 

O. To cause (a cavity, tunnel, etc.) to penetrate 
any solid formation; sfec. in Mining, to excavate 
horizontally (also aéso/.); distinguished from S1nK. 

c 1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) tv. 665 A gret wounde is in your 
..sid, Full deply drevyn with a..sper. 1665 PAc/. Trans. 
I. 79 In the working, or driving as they call it, of Mines or 
Adits under ground, 1859 Cornwatus New World I. 132 
‘To sink a square or round shaft. .and then to drive or exca- 
vate horizontally, in search of the glittering ore. 187% 
Browninc Pr. Hohenst. 1845 Yet would fain Suild bridge, 
Lay rail, drive tunnel. 

Ll. zntr. (Also to let drive): To aima blow ora 
missile, to strike at, b. trans. To aim (a blow) ; 
to strike (a person) with a thrust of the arm. 

1380 Sir Ferumb. 4538 On be heued a gerd, As harde as 
he may dryue. c1400 Destr. Troy 9430 Palomydon. .droffe 
vnto Deffibus with a dynt felle. 1566 Painter Pal. Pleas, 
I. 5 He let driue at him with great violence. 1596 Suaks, 
1 Hen. [V,u. iv. 217 Foure Rogues in Buckrom let driue at 
me. 1783 Swirt Frenzy of ¥. Dennis Wks. 1755 III. 1. 145 
[He] let drive at us with a vast folio. 1752 Scotland's Glory 
14 Driving at him with her stool. 1894 West. Gaz. 2 Apr. 
7/x It is not the proper thing to drive a man with the elbow. 

12. trans. To spread or beat out thin. (Now 
only as a techn. term in Painting: see quot. 1859.) 

14.. Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier) 47 As thyn as ye may 
dryf them. 1530 Patscr. 529/2, I drive a thyng abrode, I 
sored it, or make it larger, yes/argis .. Drive this playster 
abrode, eslargissez cest emplastre. 1601 HoLtanp Plin 
II. 553 A master and his prentise wrought in a strife 
and contention, whether of them could driue his earth thin- 
nest. 1849 J. S, Temrteron Guide Oil Paint. i. (ed. 39) 44 
By..scumbling is meant the driving opaque tints very iin y 
over parts that have already been painted. 1 GuLtick 
& Times Paint. 230 When colour is spread thinly and 
rapidly, it is occasionally said to be ‘driven’. 

b. Printing. To drive out, over; see quots. 
Also intr. for pass.: see quot. 1823. 

1727-52 Cuambers Cyc/. s.v. Printing, When an.omission 
is boa, made .. If it veg but little, hie sameodiner takes it 
out, and drives out the remaining matter, 1823 Crass 
Technol. Dict. s.v., A compositor is said to drive out when 
he sets wide ; the matter in the chace is said to drive out 
when, by the addition of fresh matter, it is obliged to be 
moved forwards into the next page. Mod. This word should 
not have been driven over. 

+13. Zo drive a buck of clothes: see Buck sb.3 3. 

1588 L. M. tr. Bk. Dyeing 10 Then drive them as you doe 
a bucke of clothes, and when they are well driven, then shall 

ou take them foorth of the bucking tubbe. 1630 J. Taytor 

Water P.) Wit §& Mirth Wks. 1. 181/2 A woman was driv- 
ing a buck of clothes. 1648-1753 [see Buck sd.? 3], 

+14. To dress (cloth). Ods. 

1661 Hotvpay Yuvenal 169 A ie cloak..of some 
gross die, w* some French weaver drove but ill. 

15. To set in motion, set going, supply motive 
power for (a mill, machinery, etc.). 

_ 1596 Spenser F. Q. v1. i. 21 A water-streame, whose swell- 
ing sourse Shall drive a Mill. 1654 Wuirttock Zootomia 

28 As good water goeth by the Mill as driveth it. 1799 J. 

OBERTSON Agric. Perth 33 The stream that drave t 
machinery, Larpner Mus. Sc. & Art v. 37 The ma- 
chinery which the axle of the fly-wheel drives, “189 7imes 
2 Oct. 3/1 A dynamo driven by belting from the engine, 


672 


b. Zodrive a quill, a pen: towrite. 

1793 Regal Rambler 32 Flourish thy fork, and drive th 
quill. 1803 M. Cutter in Life, ¥rnis. & Corr. (1888) II. 
131, I am compelled to write them as fast as I can drive my 
pen. a Besant & Rice ’Celia's Ard. vii, One of half a 
dozen who drove the quill for very slender wage. 

ILI. To impel forcibly to action, or into some 
state ; to constrain, compel. SRT 

16. To incite or impel powerfully or irresistibly ; 
to force, compel (¢o or txto some action, to do 
something ; also, from a course of action, etc.). 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 105 He [be deuel] me drof 
perto. a1300 Cursor M. 26262 For pou hir has to sin 
driven. cae. Pecock Refr. u. xvii. 253 Thou3 3¢ be 
therto dryue bi peynes. 1853 T. Witson Xhet. (1580) 142 
[He] was driven to laugh at his owne errour. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. wv. 184 A prowling Wolfe, Whom hunger drives to 
seek new haunt for prey. 1751 JorTin Serm. (1771) I. iv. 


: DRIVE. 


: t. Scot. ( OY cnet Lt eS ee ith 
ist. t, (1864) '- 317 not time ii 

let us sav Moree y her majesty’s mind. N. 

‘ainFax Budk & Selv. 155 Two times may as well drive on 
ss age others side..as two everlastingnesses, 

. trans, To protract, prolong (time or occupa- 
tion): also with off, out, on. 
defer. Also adsol. 

¢1300 Beket 45 He drof hire evere biheste. 2509 Hawes 
Past. Pleas. xvi. xxix, Dryve of no er, but tell me your 
mynde. 1530 Patscr. 529/2 I drive of a thynge, I dyffar 
it, ye differre. 1537 Durham Depos. joss (Guneae 53 
Dryue yt no longer, 1658-9 Burton's Baioy (1828) IV. 140 
If you drive it long, they will make it their advantage to 
break with you. 1705 Bosman Guinea Pref. 4, I have pur- 
— affected Brevity, otherwise I could have drove out 
to a bulky Volume. 1741 tr. De Mouhy's Fort. Country 
Maid I. 209, I drove on the Time, if I may be allow'd the 
Expression, in Hopes [etc.]. 1828 Craven Dial., Drive, to 
i ‘thou begins to drive it’. Zod. collog. You 


71 This driues him to contract unprofitable friendship 
Biack Pr. Thule xxii. 363 The pride of the girl had 
driven her to this decision. ; 

17. To impel, force, or bring forcibly into some 
state or condition. + Zo drive to scorn, to hething: 
to put to scorn, make an object of scorn (oés.). 

a 1300 Cursor M. 26455 His lauerd he driues to scorn, 
Jbid. 26810 Pai crist till hething driue. c1470 Henry 
Wallace vi. 153 ‘ Me think’, quod he, ‘ thow drywys me to 
scorn’. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VII, 37 b, Howbeit the 
prolongyng of tyme drave Perkyn into a suspicion. 1576 
Freminc Panopl. Epist. 388 Discouraged, and driven into 
dum of doubtfulnesse. gery Ek Steruens Satyr. Ess. 
356 She drives the Parson out of Patience with her modestie. 
1727 Swirt Gulliver u. iii. 198 An extremity to which the 
prince is seldom driven. 1879 F. W. Roginson Coward 
Conse. u. xxii, It’s enough to drive one out of his senses. | 

b. With adj. complement: 70 drive mad, dis- 
tracted, crazy, i.e. into the state of madness, etc. 

1813 Suettey Queen Mab v. 113 Or religion Drives his 
wife raving mad. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. 1. § 40. 388 Ques- 
tions which drove the subtlest of their doctors almost dis- 
tracted. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xvi, A strange 
hand about me would drive me absolutely frantic. 

18. To urge on, incite to action; to force to 
work ; to overwork, overtask. 

1645 WARD Serm. bef, Ho. Com. in Southey Comm.-fl. 
Bk, Ser. 1. (1849) 6 A field which is driven, and the heart 
of it worn out, whatever seed is cast in, it returns nothing. 
1838 Gray Left. (1893) 79 In order that he might drive the 
committee a little, if it should be necessary. 1889 Pad/ 
Mall G. 30 Dec. 6/3 A very important matter in the training 
of a horse is not to drive him, I mean by that, not to over- 
work him, not to push him, 

IV. 19. ¢vans. To carry on vigorously, ‘ push’, 
prosecute, conduct, practise, exercise (a custom, 
trade, etc.) ; to carry through or out, to effect ; to 
bring to a settlement, conclude (a bargain). 

¢961 EtHeLwoLp Rude St. Benet \vii. (Schroer) 115 Pa Se 
pone. ceape drifad. cxaoo Trin. Coll. Hom. 193 Talewise 
men, be speches driuen, and maken wrong to rihte, and 
riht to wronge. c1asgo Gen. & Ex, 1681 Long wune is her 
driuen. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 471 The King wolde, that in 
his court the ple solde be driue. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. 
(1810) 1 Thorgh out Chestreschire werre gan thei dryue. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frank/. 7. 502 This bargayn is fyl dryue 
[v. x7. dreue, drewyn]. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 5600 What dede 
haue we don, or dryuen to an end? 1§90 Recorpk, etc. 
Gr. Artes Pref. (1640) Aiv, Arithmetic, by which.. all 
reckonings and accounts [were] driven. 1631 SANDERSON 
Serm. 11, 8 Let two men. .pursue the same business, drive 
the same design. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. i, § 37 
A Bargain can never be. driven, where.a Buyer can on no 
terms be procured. 1752 Hume £ss. & 7'reat. (1777) I. 204 
The wife. .will still be driving some separate end or project. 
¢1795 Lp. Aucktanp Sf, Jrnd. in Corr. (1861) I]. 36 The 
Portuguese princess spoke French sufficient to drive a con- 
versation. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton vi. 81 He stuck to 
his business and drove a thriving trade. 1878 Bosw. Smitn 
Carthage 78 But the senate ., managed to drive a hard 
bargain with the Syracusan king. 

b. with on, through. 

1523 Lp. Berners Frotss. I. ccliii. 345 The mariage. .was 
driuen through and agreed. 1648 ikon Bas. iz. e 
men driving on their private ends. a 1661 Futter Worthies 
(1840) III. 490 Trading was driven on, either by the bartery 
or change of wares. .or else by money. 1718 Swirt Conduct 
of Allies Wks. 1778 Il. 368 We drove on the war at a 
prodigious disadvantage, 

V. To go through, endure, pass, prolong. 

+20. trans. To go through (something painful 
or unpleasant) ; to endure, suffer, undergo. (App. 
confused to some extent with Drer.) Ods. 

a@1300 Cursor M, 7829 (Gott.) A fouler dede [=death] 
pan ani may drive, 1414 Brampton Penit, Ps, xxii, Whil 
thou wilt here thi penaunce dryve. ¢1430 Hymns Virg. 
120 Bettyr .. Than soche payne for to dryve. c14go Sé, 
Cuthéert (Surtees) 516 Parfore sorow grete sho draue, 

+21. To pass, spend (time) ; to cause (the time) 
to pass: often with away, forth, over. Obs. 

13.. Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1176 (He). .drof pat day wyth Ioy 
Thus to be derk ny3t. 1393 Lanct. P. Pd. 1. 225 As 
dikers and deluers bat. .dryuep forp hure daies with ‘ denx 
saue dame emme\' ¢ Eng. Cong. Irel. (E. E. T. S.) 
88 Anoon he wold aryse & stonde, & so dryue forth al pe 
meste parte of the nyght. 1484 Caxton Fadles of Afsop 
ut, viii, To dryue aweye the tyme. 1500-20 Dunsar Poems 
xxiv. 17 Quha .. dois his dayis in dolour dryfe. 1603 
Knottes Hist. Turks 976 To drive out the time, untill his 
soldiers.,were all gathered together. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
Georg. 11, 583 To drive the tedious Hours Cag 

. intr, Of time: To pass away, elapse. Ods. 

c St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6699 3eris of criste war 
our dryue Sex hundreth’ thritty fyue, ©1470 Henry 
Wallace vu, 1182 The nycht was myrk, our drayff the 


had better not drive it to the last minute. 
VI. To infer, conclude, deduce, derive. 

+ 23. To obtain as a conclusion from premisses, 
or as a result from some logical process ; to con- 
clude, infer, deduce (also drive out). Obs. (Perh. 
sometimes associated with derive: cf. next, and 
DERIVE 7.) 

1447 Boxennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 36 The fyrst yer of the 
secund Urban..as cronycles dryve. ¢1449 Pecock Repr. 
8 An Argument if he be ful “ad eae which is clepid a 
sillogisme is mad of twey proposiciouns yng out of hem 
& bi strength of hem the thridde proposicioun. /6/d. 1v. 
iv. 443. Capcrave Chron. (1858) 9 For Enos in oure 
language soundith ‘A resonable man‘; for drove out, 
be reson, that God was his makere. 1530 Rastrett Bk. 
Purgat. 1. xii, Thou haste dryuen that conclusyon 7 
so many reasonable ai hae Lapa 1589 Putrennam Eng. 
Poesie wu. xix, (Arb.) 241 By such confronting of them to- 
gether, [he] driues out thettrue ods that is betwixt them, and 
N. Farrrax Bulk , Soden 141 


makes it better appeare. 
n found to have n done 


Which upon search have 


‘there, as near as could be driven. 


+24. trans. By confusion with der?ve: a. To 
derive, obtain from a source (= Derive 6); b. To 
convey (a stream) along, or divert it into, some 
channel (=Derive 1, 2). Ods. 

1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 16 Oncoutht exquisite termis, 
dreuyn, or rather..reuyn fra lating. 1569 in W. H. Turner 
Select. Rec. Oxford 329 It ys..ordered y* the ffysshers do 
not drawe, dryve, nor turne any of the common waters of 
this Towne. 1571 Campion Hist. Jrel. xiv. (1633) 44 S. 
Madoc .. with his owne hands, driued a running spring 
to his Monastery. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 75 Cim- 
merien night Drevin from a kynd of people in the East, 
called Cimmerij. 

VII. intr. To drive oneself, or be driven; to 
move with vehemence or energy. 

25. To move along or advance quickly ; to run 
or come with violence; to dash, rush, hasten. 

cgoo tr. Beda's Hist. v. vi. (1890) 400 Da ic hreowsende 
was, 5a ic mid dy heafde and mid honda com on done stan 
dryfan. cx Lay. 9367 Aruiragus him to draf. cx 
R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 25 Alfrid it herd, ae gan | 
dryue. ¢1398 Cuaucer Fortune 46 Abowte wheel with 
oother most thou dryve. a 1400-50 Alexander 712 
he drafe to pe depest of be dike bothom, 1513 DovcGtas 
AE neis x. xiv. 102 Wyth swyft cours he Furth steris his 
steid, and drayf in the melle. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 
49 They. .ran away as fast as t could drive. 

. CLussE Omnium 126 In swarms — they seek 
Hive As fast as ever they can drive. 17 J. Scorr Paris 
Revisit. (ed. 4) 138 A single British battalion .. ay 
drove at immense columns of the enemy. 1863 Mrs. 
Crarxe Shaks. Char. xvii. 434 So he drives in between 
them, and plays upon the judge with his own guns, 

b. fg: Towork hard, ‘go a?’ strenuously. es 

1835 W. Irvincin ghd Lett. (1866) 111. 82 My ounaaas 


not yet aes. Le shall drive é it Lote, atonal 
openin; spring will permit, RAY (1 
I have been Sivkeg away at the More *, of late, very heal 


€ 1205 Lay. 2! i 
the own Conf ; 


1646 Sin T. Browne Psend. Ep. 1. ii. 63 The 
«endeavours to conforme unto the Meridian, but being dis- 
tracted driveth that way where the greater & most power- 
fuller part of the earth is placed, 1748 THomson Cast. /ndol, 
1. 528 Oft as he..mark’d the clouds that drove before the 
wind. 1790 Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. 1. 157 By the 
force of the current, all three drove a great way to ward, 
1852 Loner. W% Cingue Ports + A mist was 
down the British Channel. | 

b. To fish with a drift-net. as 

Lond. Gaz. No. 1245/3 This 

Boe with two Men, was ¢ Fie in this Bay for Herrings. 
1883 Leisure Hour 697/x Drift-net fishing, or ‘driving’, as 
it is technically cal} 

+0. Metallurgy. (See quot.) Obs. 


before all the 
then they say, the 


27. fig. a. To proceed in a course ; 


r, ‘twill rise in small red 
etal Drives, and must add more 


to tend. 


1678 in Phil. Trans. X11. 1050 If the Leeds bles? 


or lif for the. a1547 Surrey aie 

rage and furies loe Idrive. a1656 Haves Rem. (1688) 
174 Christ in his preaching doth every where drive upon Par- 
ate 1858 Sears Athan, ut. iv, 279 They were driving 
into universalism, 


ence, to put off, 


ht a small Fisher 4 


c Towneley Myst.(Surtees) 25 To dede may we bet be 
me, 


DRIVE. 


b. with a¢ (formerly also +70): To proceed 
towards with definite intention, aim at, have for 
one’s drift or aim; to mean, intend, purpose. 

1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim, 136/2 ‘To this end and 
doth the office of Magistrates driue. 1624 Br. 
ountacu Gage To Rdr, 8 He dived directly at the church 
of England. 1649 Mitton Zikon. iii, Their intent drives 
to the end of stirring up the people. 1 G. H. Hist. 
Cardinals u. 11. 182 He. .is driving at the Popedom. a@ 1715 
Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 167 The Presbyterians saw 
what was driven at. 1762 Foote Lyar u. Wks. 1799 I. 298 
What can he be driving at now! M. Arnotp Ess, 
Crit. ix. (1875) 387 Mankind at large..will not listen to 
a word about these propositions, unless it first learns what 
their author was driving at. 1895 F. Hatt 7wo Trifles 27, 
Task you..what you are driving at. 


Drive (draiv), sd. [f. Drive v.] 

1. The action or an act of driving, impelling, 
urging onward, etc.: see the verb. zl! drive: 
at full speed ; with utmost force or impetus. 

1697 Damier Voy. (1729) I. 254, 2 of our men..rode after 
the Spaniards full drive, 1728 Vanpr. & Cin. Prov. Husd. 
1v. i, He’s coming hither full drive. 1860 /arfer's Mag. 
XX. 441 The stream must_be cleared of obstructions for 
the drive [of timber] in the Spring. 1883 F. Sresoum Zug. 
Village Comm, 2 The length of the drive of the plough. 

b. An act of driving in a vehicle ; a journey or 
excursion in a carriage driven by oneself or under 
one’s direction. 

1785 Boswett Tour to Hebrides 18 Aug., We had a drea 
drive, in a dusky night, to St. Andrew's. 1823 Gr. 
Kennepy Azza Ross (ed. 6) 163 You shall have as many 
drives as you please in my curricle. 1849 E. E. Navier 
Excurs. S, Africa 1. 178 After this pleasant drive of some 
four-and-twenty miles. 1888 Burcon Lives 12 Gd. Men 
II. vi. 73 Within two hours’ drive of Oxford. 

e, An urging or impelling forward of animals, 
so as to drive them into a net, snare, enclosure, or 
place where they can be killed or captured. 

1859 TENNENT Cey/on II.-vitl. v. 373 Those taken in the 
second drive. 1880 Daily News 28 Sept. 5/3 There will be 
a deer drive in the forest of Invermark, and also a grouse 
drive. 1890 Baker Wild Beasts §& their Ways 1.170 After 
the tiger has killed a buffalo, there is much art required in 
the conduct of the drive. 

d. A forcible blow or stroke, esf. in various 
games, as golf, base-ball, lawn-tennis, etc.: in 
cricket, sfec. one which sends the ball back nearly 
straight in the direction of the bowler. 

1857 Hucues Tom Brown ui. viii. (1880) 356 Jack Raggles 
. having run one for a forward drive of Johnson's, is about 
to receive his first ball. 1867 Corn. Mag. Apr. 493 He has 
two long drives and a short stroke, while I have three 
moderate ‘drives’, and get quite as far. 1879 T'HomMson & 
Tart Nat. Phil. 1. 1. § 299 In..forces of brief duration, as 
in a ‘drive’ in cricket or golf. 1884 Lildywhite’s Cricket 
Ann. 104 Rapid run-getter on a fast wicket with a strong 
off drive, 1894 Brack Highland Cousins 1. 36 He made 
a drive that should have sent the ball over to Lismore. 

e. The action of driving or state of being driven, 
in fig. senses; esp. the state of being hurried or 
overtasked, extreme pressure of work. 

1854 W. Artuur Let. in Arnot Life of ¥. Hamilton (1870) 
430 The constant drive of work has..driven a postponable 
duty out of the way. 1892 Pall Mall G. 10 Nov. 2/1 The 
success of a manufactory will depend upon the drive and 
harshness of the supervision. 

f. Onward course, drift, tendency. 

1895 Ch. Q. Rev. Oct. 152 We..believe that the tendency 
and drive of things is forward to a reasoned faith. 

2. A carriage road ; es, the private road leading 
to a house. 

1816 Keavince 7vav. (1817) I. 285 Four acres—for walks 
.. drives, produce, lawns, and plantations! 1825 C. M. 
Wesrmacotr Exg. Sfy I. 238 [She] regularly sports her 
carriage in the drive. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop Mrs. Halli. 
1. xiii. 65 [She] walked round the carriage drive that inclosed 
the lawn. 1894 Mrs. H. Warp Marced/a I. 14 The window 
» overlooked the long white drive. — 

b. A course or tract over which game is driven. 

3. A mass or quantity of timber ‘driven’ down a 
stream (JV. Amer.) : see DRIVE v. 7 b. 

1878 Lusmberman’s Gaz. 6 oe [He] bid in the cag ie 
drives at the prices mentioned, 1885 Boston (Mass.) Frnl. 
at Apr. 1/8 A drive of 2,000,000 feet of hard and white pine 
logs will soon be put into the Merrimack at Boscawen. 

4. Mining. A passage ‘ driven’ or excavated hori- 
zontally ; a gallery, tunnel, level; =Drirv sé. 15. 

1864 E. A. Murray 2. Norman III. 58 We take this 
pipeclay out in tunnels called drives, 1890 BotprEwoop 
Miner's Right iii. 24 The roof of the gallery, or ‘drive’, as 
it is invariably called in Australian mining parlance. 

5. Type-founding. 

1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Drive, a matrix formed b 
a oo ee die, or drift. 1888 in Zxcycl. Brit. XXIII. 
699/1 When the letter is perfect, it is driven into a piece 
of polished copper, called the drive or strike. 

Drive-, the verb-stem used in Comb.: drive- 
boat (U..S.), a light rowing-boat used in the men- 
haden fishery in driving the fish into the net ; drive- 
bolt =drift-bolt (see Drirt sé. 19 c); drive-pipe, 
a pipe conveying water for driving machinery ; 
drive-screw, a kind of screw driven by a hammer ; 
drive-shaft, a shaft for communicating motion so 
as to drive machinery; drive-wheel = Drivine- 
WHEEL. See also DRIVEWAY. 

2678 Puituirs (ed. 4), Drivedbolt, in Navigation is a long 
piece used for the driving out of Tree-Nail, or the like. 

la Cuamsers Cycl, s.v, Bolt, Drive-bolts, used to 
ou, IIT, 


673 


drive out others. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 329 A drive- 
pipe is forced down through the earth to the rock, 1889 
Daily News 14 Nov. 2/8 Samples of new ‘drive’ screws 
(which can be forced into wood by the blows of a hammer) 
were also shown. 1895 Specif. Patent No, 7271. 1 The drive 
shaft for operating the sustaining screws. 5 F 
rivee (draiv7). once-wd. One who is driven 
or conveyed in a carriage; one taken for a drive. 

1882 Pall Mall G. 3 July 3 The cab owner is, to the 
majority of drivees only a dim figure in the distance. 1890 
R, Kirtine in Wit § Wisdom 6 Dec, 63/2 Neither driver nor 
drivee has a thought beyond the enjoyment of a good time. 

+ Dri-vel, sé.! Obs. Forms: 3-6 drivel, 5-6 
dryvyl(le, -ell, drevyll, -ill, -ell, drewell, -ill, 6 
drivell, [Early ME.: app. of Low German origin ; 
=MDnu. drevel scullion, turnspit, lit. ‘driver, tool for 
driving’ (OHG. 772627, MHG. ¢trzdel, mod.G. triebel 
driver), f. MDu. drfven, OHG. ériben to Drive.) 

1. A drudge, a servant doing menial work; a 
‘kitchen-knave’. 

a1225 St. Marher. 18 The driueles unduhti swa duden. 
¢1230 Hali Meid. 29 And mare beon idrecchet pen eni 
driuel ibe hus. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 132/2 Dryvylle, ser- 
wawnte, ducticius, ducticia, a1529 SKELTON Agst, Gar- 
nesche 26 A dyshwasher, a dryvyll. 1549 CoveRDALE, etc. 
Erasm, Par. 1 Cor. xi, 11 To vse his wife as a vile dreuell, 
because she is commaunded to obeye. 1580 Barer 1/7. D 
1305 A Drudge, or driuell. .wediastinus. 

2. Hence, opprobriously: a. One deficient in 
intelligence, an imbecile. -[Prob. associated with 
or influenced by Driven v. 5; cf. drzveller.] 

1478 J. Paston in P. Lett. No. 812. III. 220 So the 
drevyll lost hys thank of us. 15809 Barciay S/yA of olys 
(1874) I. 173. Blame it blynde dryull. c15§5§5 Schole-ho. 
Women 795 in Hazl. £. P. P. IV. 136 Called him drivel 
and witles man. 1597 1s¢ P/. Return fr. Parnass. Wi. 1141 
When I loved I was a drivell. 

b. A dirty or foul person, a ‘ pig’. 

I Patscr. 215/2 Drivell, sovz//on, 1580 SipNEY Arcadia 
m1. (R.) If thou didst know what a life I lead with that 
drivel. 1596 Spenser /. Q. Iv. ii. 3 That foule aged dreuill 
..an incarnate deuill. 

3. A driving tool or instrument. 

1431-2 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 610 Item 
ij drewills ponderant’ iiij!, vij4, 1573 Lance, Widds III. 61 
‘Twoo dryvells of iren vj. 

Drivel (dri-v’1), 56.2 Also 5 drevel, 5-6 drivil, 
6-7 drivell. 8. 4-5 dravel. [f. Driven v.] 

1. Spittle flowing from the mouth; slaver, drib- 
blings. Now rare. 

2cx325 Old Age ii.in Relig. Ant, 11. 210 Moch me anueth, 
That my drivil druith, 1388 Wyctir 1 Saw, xxi. 13 His 
drauelis [gZoss that is, spotelis] howiden doun. 14.. Voc. in 
Wr.-Wiilcker 599 Orexis, drevel. 1570 Levins J/anif. 
125/43 Ye Driuil at nose, Aus. 1586 Warner Ald, Eng. 
iv. xx. (R.) He..clear’d the driuell from his beard. 1697 
Phil. Trans. XX. 50 The Snivel or Drivel that comes from 
the Mouth of a Dog..when mad. 1789 M. Mapan Persins 
(1795) 54 “ote, The child..wet with drivel from the mouth. 

transf. 1780 J. T. Ditton Trav. Spain (1781) 211 
Chequered with small hollow round grains..which I con- 
ceive are formed by bubbles of air..forming the drivel of 
the metal. ; (Cf. Drive v. 26 c.] 

2. Idiotic utterance; silly nonsense ; twaddle. 

1852 Biackie Study Lang. 2 As it begins with dreams, 
so it must end in drivel. 1860 W. Cottins Wow. White m. 
474 The most abject drivel that has ever degraded paper. 
1884 J. Suarman Hist. Swearing i. 2t We may have thought 
--his words the drivel ofidiotcy. : 

3. Comd., as drivel-b7b, a child's bib to intercept 
the drivelling. 

1831 CartyLe Sart. Res. 1. xi. (1872) 52 Did he, at one 
time, wear drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat ? 

Drivel (driv), v. Forms: (1 £~ pple. dref- 
liende), 4 drevele, 4-5 dryvele, 6 Sc. dre(i)fle, 
6-7 drivell, 7-8 drivle, 6- drivel. 8. 4 dravel- 
-e(n. [ME. drevel-en corresponds to OE. dreflian ; 
ME. dravel-en indicates an OE. *drafitan (not 
found) ; these prob. represent OTeut. types *dradi- 
lojan, drabulojan, f. stem drad- (see Drarr, 
ge Drivel is app. a later change: cf. dvel.] 

I. 1. zntr. To let saliva or mucus flow from the 
mouth or nose, as young children and idiots do; 
to slaver, dribble. 

¢ 1000 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 161/34 Reumaticus, saftriende, 
uel drefliende. 1362 Laner. P. P2, A. x1. 11 Noli mittere 
Margeri perles Among hogges .. pei: don bot drauele beron 
[1377 B. x. 11 dryuele; 1393 C. x11. 9 dreuele, v.77. dreuel(en, 
dryuele, drauele, dreuely(n}. 14... Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 
599 Orexo [anglice to dryvele.} 1530 Patscr. 530/1 I 
drivell, I slaver..He driveleth as he were a yonge chylde. 
1616 Surrt. & Marxu. Country Farme 122 [A mad dog] 
Foming and driueling at his mouth. 1672 Marvett Reh. 
Transp. 1. 130 As oft as your nose drivles. 1822-34 Goop 
Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 480 The patient feels a tendency to 
drivel at one corner of the mouth rather than the other. 
1875 Jowrtr Plato (ed. 2) III. 212 The .. nurse leaves you 
to drivel, and never wipes your nose. 

+2. trans. To let (spittle) flow from the mouth; 
transf. to let flow out through a crack. Ods. 

1571 GoLpInG Calvin on Ps, xxxiv. 1 Too feyne himself 
mad by driveling doune his spittle. 168x P. Rycaut Critick 
67 The rest ran furiously about this tragick Theatre, drivel- 
ling out the overflowing Bloud. tr. Bonet’s Merc. 
Compit, x. 362 The Child .. driveled much Spittle. 1 

. STEVENS tr. Quevedo’s Com. Wks. (1709) 432 This crack’ 

‘ot ..drivels out the Water. 

+3. zutr. To flow as saliva or mucus from the 
mouth or nose; to flow ineptly from the lips; also 
transf. of water, etc. Obs. ; 


DRIVEN. 


1624, 1804 [see DrivELinc £f/, a. 1b]. 1741 Monro Anat. 
(ed. 3) 120 The Pituita drivelled down from the Emunctory 
of the Brain. @1774 Gotpsm. Suv, xp, Philos. 1. 404 
‘The water. .will not spout at all, but drivel down the side 
of the vessel. 1784 Cowrrr 7ask v. 285 Strange that such 
folly .. Should ever drivel out of human lips, 

+4. trans. To befoul with spittle ; to beslaver. 

1609 W. M. Man in Afoone (Percy Soc.) 8. Then he doth 
drivell his hostesse. @ 1668 Davenant News fr. Plymouth 
(1673) 22, I will..kiss Thy drivell’d Beard, though drown’d 
in Breda Beere. 

II. ¢ransf. [Referring to the slavering utter- 
ance, etc. of infants, and weak-minded persons.] 

5. intr. To talk childishly or idiotically ; to let 
silly nonsense drop from the lips; to rave. 

1362 Lanci. P. Pl. A. x1. 43 Pus pei drauelen on heore 
deys be Deite to knowe [v. ». dryuelen, B. x. 56 dryuele, C. 
xu. 40 dreuelen]. c1460 J. Russet Bk, Nurture 292 Be no 
lier with youre mouthe, ne lykorous, ne dryvelynge. 1704 
Swirt Mech. Operat. Spirit Misc. (1711) 292 Droning, and 
dreaming and drivelling to a Multitude. 

6. ‘rans. To utter in a childish, or idiotic way. 

1754 Frecpine Covent Gard. Frnl, No. 3, Nor shall it be 
sufficient for such critic to drivel out, ‘I don'tknow’. 1780 
Cowrrr Progr. Err. 310 Sniveling and driveling folly 
without end. 

7. a. trans. To waste or fritter away ina childish 
or idiotic manner. b. 7z/r. To go ov ina feeble or 
idiotic way. 

1763 Cuurcuit, Poems, Ep. Hogarth 643 To drivel out 
whole years of Ideot breath, 1832 Havaminer 66,2 Every 
thing has been done to drivel away the popular enthusiasm, 
1878 Emerson J/isc. Papers, Fort. Republic Wks. (Bohn) 
ILI. 391 Drivelling and huckstering away .. every principle 
of humanity. 1885 Law 7vimes 23 May 68/2 He drivels on 
from year to year, bis fine abilities rusting from disuse. 

Hence Dri-velled ///. a. 

c 1325 Poem on Times of Edw. IT, \v. (Hardwick) 25 His 
hod schal hang on his brest, Ki3t as a draveled lowt. 1630 
Drayton A/uses’ Elysium x.(R.) His staring beastly drivel’d 
beard. @ 1668 [see sense 4]. 

+ Drivelarde. Os. rare—°. [see next.] 

1530 Parser. 215/2 Drivelarde a lyer, daneresse. 

Driveller, -eler (dri-vlar).  [f. Driver v. + 
-ER!,] 1. One who drivels or slavers. 

1530 Parscr. 215/2 Drivelar that driveleth, daveux. 1616 
Surri. & Marku. Countey Farme 119 The other [cattle]... 
do greatly desire and delight in that which these driuelers 
do leaue vpon the edges of the rackes, and licke it away. 
1728 Moran Algiers I. vi. 206 The proudest Arab .. never 
disdains to kiss the .. garments of any squalid Scoundrel, if 
a Natural Drivler, or a reputed Marabboth, — 1841-4 Emer- 
son Ess., Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I. o8 The pitiful drivellers 
whom travellers describe as frequenting the bazaars of Con- 
stantinople, een 

2. One who talks or acts in a babyish. or idiotic 
way; a drivelling idiot or fool. 

1710 STEELE Tatler No. 208 P 8 An errant Driveler. 1761 
Cotman Fealous Wife u. ii, Sure you imagine me an idiot, 
adriveller. 1790 Burke Corr. (1844) IIL. 159 He had been 
..a driveller in policy, ifhe had done otherwise than he did. 
182s Syp. SmitH HW’As, (1859) II. 67/1 It is the argument of 
a driveller to other drivellers. 1859 Macautay Log. (1867) 
204 Pitt’s..military administration was that of a driveller. 

Dri'velling, -eling, 7/. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-InG1.] The action of the verb DRIVEL. 

1. A running at the nose and mouth; slavering ; 


concr. = slaver. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.vit. Ixvii. (1495) 284 Yf the 
dreuelynge of a woode hounde fallyth in to the water, it en- 
fectyth the water. 1563-87 Foxe A. § AV. (1596) 740 (R.) 
His eyen and mouth faire closed..without any driueling or 
spurging in any place of his body. 1822-34 Goop Study 
Med. (ed. 4) 1.407 The coryza or snuffling of old age, is pre- 
cisely analogous to its ptyalism or drivelling. 

2. =DRriver 5.2 2. 

1786 tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 62 As he betrayed a 
villanous drivelling in his tears, the Caliph turned his back. 
1842 Macy in Nonconf. II. 425 The miserable drivelings 
of the senate. | : 

Dri-velling, -eling, #//. «. [f. as prec. + 
-ING 2.] That drivels. 

1. Slavering, dribbling. 

1530 Parser. 311/1 Drivelyng asa yonge chylde, daner.r. 
1552 Hutoet, Driuelynge harlot or queane, scvaftia. c 1611 
Sytvester Du Bartas u. iv. wv. Decay 179 Stooping as she 
goes, With driveling mouth, and with a sniveling nose. 

+b. zransf. That flows or falls in drops. Ods. 

1624 Gee Foot out of Snare vii. 63 Those driueling 
droppes are they, which are kept in a siluer Image. 1804 
Naval Chron. X11. 473 Gusts of wind and drivelling sleet. 

2. Characterized by or given to silly childish 
talk or weak action ; idiotic. 

¢1460 [see Driver v. 5]. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. u. 
iv. 95 This driueling Loue is like a great Naturall, that 
runs lolling vp and downe to hid his bable in_a hole. 
1602 Marston Ant. § Mel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 56 Can you 
paint me a driveling reeling song? 1728 T. SHERIDAN 
Persius’ Sat. 1. (1739) 21 All this drivling Stuff without 
Sinews or Strength. 1741 Warsurton Div. Legat. iv. v. 
III. 222 Some driveling grecanised Mythologist. 1818 
Hazurr Eng. Poets iv. (1870) 105 The mere drivelling 
effusions of his spleen and malice. 1864 Knicut Passages 
Wrke. Life I. iii. 167 A drivelling idiot called a king. 

a 3. absol. or as sb. A drab. Obs. rare. 

1570 Levins Manip. 135/47 A Driueling, scvaptia, 

Hence Dri'vellingly adv. 

1731 Baiey, Drivelingly, sillily. 1820 W, Taytor in 
Monthly Rev. XCII. 62 The wording of the poetry..is 
often drivellingly diffuse. 

Driven (dri-v’n), 4//. a. [ee pple. of Drive v.] 

1. Urged onward, impelled, etc. : see the verb. 

85* 


DRIVER. 


1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 99 If it bee not infected 
with a wheate called driven-wheate ; which wheate hath no 
awnes like unto long-read. 180x Sourney 7hadaba 1x. xli, 
The driven air before her fann'd the face Of Thalaba. 1887 
Pall Mail G. 3 Aug. 2/1 An amount of work such as mates 
of less driven steamers have no idea of. ‘ . 

2. Of snow: Carried along and gathered into 
heaps by the wind; drifted. Of feathers or down: 
Separated from the heavier by a current of air (see 


Drive v. 8 d). 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 89 As white as the driven snow. 
1604 SHaks. Oth. 1. iii. 232 My thrice-driuen bed of Downe. 
1668 H. More Div. Dial. m1. xxviii. (713) 251 Thin Paper 
.. but as strong as any Vellum, and as white as driven Snow. 
1817 Scorr Harold the Dauntless 1. xix, More than to rest 
on driven down. 1823 Byron Fuan vi. xxv, Sheets white 
as what bards call ‘driven Snow '. 


Driver (drai-va:).  [f. DRIve v. + -ER 1) 
1. gen. One who drives (in various senses : see 


the verb). 

14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 687/13 Hic fugator, a dryfer. 
c 1450 tr.De Imitatione 1. |x. 142 Grace is .. prower doun, 
dryuer awey of sorowe. 1570 Act yee c. 8 § 4 Solicitors 
and Drivers of Bargains. 1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Caesar 
1. ix. 80 A dangerous driver at Popery and Sedition. 1767 
Ricuarpson in PAil. Trans. LVIII. 20 The weight of a 
hammer did not contribute so much in driving a nail, as the 
quickness of the motion given it by the driver. 

2. spec. a. One who drives a herd of cattle, ete. 

1483 Cath. Angl. 109/1 A Drywer (A. Dryfer) of nawte. 
1530 PausGr. 215/2 Drivar of camelles, chamelier. 1844 
Lv. BrouGuamM A. Lunel II. vi. 156 All were forced to keep 
the same pace, in order that a single driver..might suffice. 

b. One who drives a vehicle or the animal that 
draws it; a charioteer, coachman, cabman, etc. ; 
also, one who drives a locomotive engine. (Often 
with defining word prefixed, as cad-driver, engine- 
driver, etc., for which see the first element.) 

c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6016 All pe dryuers ware 
agaste pat pe sledd suld ga our faste. 1581 SaviLe /acitus 

3 (R.) Buffons, stage-players, and charet drivers. 1725 
Bors Odyss.xut. 99 Fiery coursers in the rapid race Urg'd by 
fierce drivers thro’ the dusty space. 1812 Cot. Hawker Diary 
(1893) I. 55 An excellent chaise with a decent driver. 

ec. The overseer of a gang of slaves. (See also 
SLAVE-DRIVER.) 

1796 STEDMAN Surinam II. xviii. 55 The prisoners. . being 
secured by the negro-drivers. 1823 Lp. Barnursr in Ana, 
Reg. 131/1 note, That the whip should no longer be carried 
into the field, and there displayed by the driver. a 1843 
Soutney Sonn. iii, That inhuman driver lifts.. The. .scourge. 

d. slang. (See quot.) 

185: MayHew Lond. Labour (1861) II. 233 ‘ Drivers’, or 
those who compel the men in their employ to do more 
work for the same wages. 

e. In various other specific uses: see quots., 
and various senses of DRIVE v. 

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 13 § 7 The same..driuours [of 
a forest] shal cause the same vnprofitable beastes..to be 
killed. 1812 Sporting Mag. XL. 52 The best curler, has 
generally the power of arranging the order of the game; 
and whoever is last in order gives directions to all the rest 
.. He is called the driver and the first the /ead, 1829 
Grover Hist. Derby 1. 58 When the holers have finished 
their operations, a new set of men, called hammer-men, 
or drivers, enter the works. 1867 Cornh. Mag. Apr. 492-3 
There is the ‘long driver’ [at golf], who hits as far in two 
strokes as a ‘short driver’ does in three. 1884 //arfer’s 
Mag. Oct. 753/2 The.. workmen wade about the vats 
spearing..hides as a Western river ‘driver’ does his logs, 

3. A tool or appliance for driving. 

a. A bundle of osier rods used to beat the bushes in 
‘driving’ young pheasants (see Drive v. 3b). at 
mallet. c. A tool used by coopers in driving on the 
hoops of casks. _. Shipbuilding (see quot. 1850). ee. 
Weaving. The piece of wood which drives the shuttle 
through the shed of the loom. f. A bar for tamping the 
powder in a blast-hole; a tamping-iron. — g. An instru- 
ment for Hae sae or altering the shape of a drilled hole; 
=Danatrt sé, 13 b. h. A tool for driving out the piece of 
a metal plate in peeling: i. Golf, The play-club: ‘a 
wooden-headed club wit full-length shaft, more or less 
supple, with which the ball can be driven to the greatest 
distance’. 

1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat, wt. (1706) 37 Take your 
Instrument called a Driver, which is made of strong white 
Wands or Osiers set fast in a handle.. With this Driver you 
must make a gentle noise. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 

18/1 A Driver [is] a piece of Wood cut in the form of a 

edge..with this by the help of Blows with the Addice, 
all sorts of Hoops are driven fast upon Barrels. /did. 344/1 
A Pavers Maul, or Mall, or Mallet..is of some termed a 
Driver. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Driver. .used in the 
taking pheasant powts, in the method called driving... With 
this instrument the sportsman having fixed his nets, drives 
the young birds into them. ¢ 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 
116 Driver, the foremost spur on the bilgeways, the heel of 
which is fayed to the foreside of the foremost poppet, and 
cleated on the bulgeways, and the sides of it stand fore 
and aft. It is now seldom used. 1892 Badm. Lidr., 
Mountaineering ii. 68 Forty-four inches is an average 
— for the golfer’s driver. .the longest club with which 
he finds he can hit accurately. 1894 At m 24 Nov. 
707/3 The bat [was] a monstrous club .. wielded, as one 
would wield a driver at golf. i 

4. A boat used in fishing with a drift-net. 

pot Keymer Observ. Dutch Fishing in Phenix (1721) 
I. 223 The 1500 Strand-boats, Evers, Galiots, Drivers, and 
‘Tod-boats fish upon their own Coasts, 1883 Pad? Mall G. 
9 Mey 1/2 Drivers (i. e., boats used in the herring, mackerel, 
or pilchard fisheries with drift nets).. are smaller than 
trawlers, and are not required to sail while fishing. 

5. Naut. +a. A large sail formerly used at the 


aftermost part of a ship in fair weather, set ‘ square’ 


674 


(i.e. transverse to the ship’s length) on a yard at 
the end of the spanker-boom. Oés. b. Now 
applied to the SpankeER, a fore-and-aft sail at the 
same part of the ship ; sometimes distinguished as 
a sail smaller than the spanker, but set on the 
same boom and gaff. 

Bs Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) Driver, an_oblon, 
sail, occasionally hoisted to the mizen peak, when the win 
is very fair. 1 ieging & Seamanship I. 217 The 
Driver or Spanker Sail Is bent as a temporary matter. 
1798 Frul. of ‘Vanguard’ Dec., in Nicolas Disp. Nelson 
(1845) III. 209 A very stormy passage, in which the Van- 
<= split her three topsails and the driver though it was 

iled up. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Driver, a large 
sail formerly used with the wind aft or quartering..The 
name latter! ¥ has been officially applied to the spanker, 
both being the aftermost sails of a ship. 1883 (A Coast- 
guard | A driver differs from a spanker in being 
smaller, and is used in bad weather, being set on the same 
gaff and boom. ‘ 

6. A part of machinery, usually a wheel, which 
communicates motion to other parts, or to which 
the power is directly communicated ; the driving- 
wheel of a locomotive, ete. 

1831 G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 208 The rude wooden 
wheels and drivers which were long used. 1847 Engineer 
& Mach. Assistant (1850) 71 When two wheels geer to- 
gether, the one which communicates the motion to the 
other is called the driver or /eader, and the wheel impelled 
is called the follower. 1879 HottzarrreL 7urning IV. 
196 Motion is transmitted by the contact of an arm or pin, 
the driver, on the chuck, with an arm or carrier attached 
to the work. 

b. Front-, rear-, double-driver: applied re- 
spectively to a bicycle or tricycle in which the 
driving power is applied to the front wheel, the 
hind wheel, or two wheels (of a tricycle). 

1885 Bazaar 30 Mar. 1275/1 Imperial Club tricycle. .front 
steerer, double driver. 1891 Wheeling 11 Mar. 455 The rear- 
driver can be mastered in a much shorter time. 1895 Cyc/. 
Tour. Club Gaz. Dec. 372, 1 did not see one solitary speci- 
men of the front driver. 

7. Comb. ariver-ant, a species of ant (Anomma 
arcens) found in West Africa: see quot. 1865; 
driver-boom (Naut.), the boom on which the 
driver (sense 5) is set; driver-yard (see quot.). 

1794 Rigging & Seamanship \. 84 The mizen course and 
driver boom sail [are set] from the mizen mast. did. 180 
The Driver-yard is a small yard, which expands the head 
of the driver without the peek of the gaff, to which it is 
hoisted by haliards. 1799 Naval Chron. I. 442 Her driver 
boom [is] gone. 1859 Darwin Orig. Sfec. viii. (1878) 232 
Nest of the driver ant. 1865 Woop Homes without H. 
xxiv. (1868) 447 They are called Driver Ants because they 
drive before them every living creature, 

Hence Dri‘veress (vonce-wd.), a female driver; 
Dri'verless a., without a driver; Dri-vership, 
the office of a driver ‘sense 2 b); skill in driving. 

1691 E. Taytor Behmen'’s Theos. Philos. 346 Not the 
Omnipotency, but the Driveress in or into the might. 1860 
All Year Round No. 72. 511 They go on performing sur- 

assing feats of drivership. 1870 Daily News 23 Apr., He 
[ost all command over the horses, which dashed along 
driverless. 1892 Pali Mall G. 19 ip 4/3. The runaway 
horses had taken the driverless coach on without injury. 

Driveway (droivjw'). Chiefly U.S. [f. DRIvE 
v. + Way.) A way along which something is 
driven. a. A course along which game are driven 
in hunting. b. A road or way along which animals 
or vehicles are driven ; a carriage drive. 

1875 Tempce & Suetpon Hist. Northfield, Mass. 46 
Liege. both larger and smaller sorts by means of drive- 
ways and in rude traps and yank-ups. 1884 //arfer’s 
Mag. Jan. 184/2 Winding driveways lead Ad to it from the 
road. "1889 Century Mag. Dec. 227/2 The decks [of a 
ferry-boat] were crowded with laboring men, the drive-ways 
choked with teams; the women and children standing inside 
the cabin. 1895 H. P. Rosinson Men Born Equal 16 A 
carriage. .came down the os 

Driving (droi-vig), vd/. sb. [-1NG ie 

1. The action of Drive vb. (q.v.), in various senses. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 132/2 Dryvynge, or cathchynge [v. 7. 
chasinge], wtinatus. 1% Fasyan Chron, vu. 461 In tyme 
of dryuynge..of whiche bargayne. 1549 Latimer 4th Serm, 
oi hidw. 71 (Arb.) tro Wythout 7 lelayes, or dryuynge 
of. 1580 Hottysann Treas. Fr. Tong, Dechassement, a 
driuing away. 161 Brie 2 Kings ix. 20 The driuing is 
like the driuing of Iehu the sonne of Nimshi; for he 
driueth furiously. 1765 Sterne 77. Shandy VII. xvii. (R.), 
All within three minutes driving. _ — 20 Sept. 
290/2 At private schools of a higher class the driving is 
even worse, , 

2. concer. That which is driven: see Drive v. 8d. 

1696 Trvon Misc. ii. 6: Many Feathers. .are Imported 
from several Countries, which are the Drivings of old Beds, 

8. attrib. and Comb. (Several of the combina- 
tions may also be regarded as belonging to the 
ppl. adj.) a. Relating to, adapted for, or devoted 
to driving (in a carriage). 

1788 Mrs. Hucues Henry § /sabella 1. 77 Moving slow! 
round the driving way. 1794 W. Fevton Carriages (1801 
Gloss., Driving Cushion, a deep cushion, made..for the 
driver to sit on. 1882 L. C. Liture Prudence 95 To make 
her driving toilet. 1887 Daily News 16 May 2 institu- 
tion of the two four-in-hand driving clubs. x Pall Mall 
G.11 Jul ee Beautiful driving weather. 1895 Daily News 
5 July a. he driving meet in Hyde Park. . 

b. In names of various mechanical contrivances 
used for driving (see quots., and various senses of 
Drive v.), as driving-block, -bolt, -cap, -chisel, 


-pike ; esp. of parts of Ww 
cate motion to other parts, afar nei 
-belt, -gear, -pulley, -shaft; or of parts in con- 
nexion with these, as driving-spring ; also 

iron, -putter, two clubs used in golf, the former 
to give great elevation to the ball, the latter to 
drive a very low ball against a heavy wind. See 
also eg abe -WHEEL. 

Dict. Te Drivii ings, the spri 
fixed upon py bm of the "aciving atle oa re danm 
engine, to support the weight and to deaden the shocks 
caused by irregularities in the rails. 1862 
X. 327/2 *Driving-bands..are now made ly in india- 
rubber. 1885 Law Ref. 15 Q. Bench Div. Leathern 
*driving-belts were used in worl 
factory. 1849 Avs. Situ Pottleton 


‘monkey’ 
was the large “driving-block that falls upon a 


1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) Repoussoir, a “drivin; ¥ 


bolt, used by shipwrights to knock out some other bolt 
from its station. 1877 Lamberman’s Gaz. 8 Dec. 362 Each 
man..carries a ** driving pike’ or heavy pole some eight 
feet long. 1857 Chambers’ Inform. Il. 693/2 The *driving- 
putter is shorter in the shank than the play-club .. The 
ree sends ‘ skimming’ balls, so ‘cheats the 
wind’, 

Dri-ving, ppl. a. [-1NG 2.) That drives. 

1. Impelling, setting in motion, actuating. 

(The phr. driving wind, etc. may belong to sense 2.) 

1297 kK. Giouc. (1724) 20 Heo. . wende with god 
& wel dryuyng flode. 1687 Lutrrete Brief Rel. (1857) 
I. 403 So great a driving wind. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, 
Times Wks. (Bohn) 11. 116 The ability of its journals is the 
driving force. 1895 Ch. QO. Rev. Oct. 156 bt as the 
driving energy of active inquiry. 

2. Moving along rapidly, esp. before the wind ; 
drifting ; said also of a storm, in which rain or 
snow drives rapidly before a strong wind. 

1601 Suaxs. 7wel. N. 1. ii. 11 When you..Hw 
driuing boate. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 111. 564 
Sleet, and driving Snow. 1802 8. Brookes’ Gazetteer (ed, 12) 
s.v. Provincetown, The houses are ..set upon piles, that the 
driving sands may under them. 1848 C. A. JoxNs 
Week at Lizard 43 The nets are set . .parallel to the tide and 
suffered to drift with it, hence they are called ‘drift nets’, 
and the boats ‘ driving boats’. % 

+ 3. Driving notes (Mus.) : an old name for syn- 
copated notes, as being ‘driven’ or prolonged 
through the accent. Ods. 

1597 Mortey /utrod. Mus. 89 The third is a driuing 
waie in two crotchets and a minime, but added by a rest. 
1731 KeLLer 7horough-bass in W. Holder Harmony 189 
The several driving Notes descend by degrees. 1858 Currié 
Elem. Mus. Anal. 101 Which. .has so peculiar an effect in 
performance as to have sometimes procured for such notes 
the epithet of ‘driving notes’. ae 

Hence Dri‘vingly adv., in a driving manner. 

1842 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Lif (1870) III. 163 It 
rained drivingly. 


“ving-box. 

1. The box on which the driver of a iage sits. 

1794 W. Fevton Carriages (1801) I. 149 The driving-box 
.. fitted to the half top of the seat of a chaise, Dickens 
Pickw. xiv, A one of driving-boxes, two or three whips, 
and as many travelling-shawls. 

2. The journal-box of a driving-axle, 

1874 Knicnt Dict. Mech., Driving-axie, the axle of a 
driving-wheel ; the bearing portion rests in the driving-box, 
The weight of that portion of the engine is bya 


driving-spring upon the box. 

ving-wheel. a. A wheel which com- 
municates motion to one or more other wheels or 
machinery. b. Each of the large wheels of a 
locomotive engine, to which the power is trans- 
mitted through the connecting-rod and crank. 
c. The wheel of a bicycle or tricycle to which the 


on our 


force is direct] applet. Also fig. 
1838 N. Woop Xai/roads, An engine..with driving wheels 
ten feet di 1870 E Soc. & Solit, vi. 116 The 


men in cities who are the centres of energy, the driving- 
wheels of trade, politics, or practical arts. 
werie, var. Drurry, Ods, 

+ Drix, Oés. af uncertain.] Decayed 
wood ; the deca , omy (of timber). 

1609 C. Burer Kent, Mon. (1634) 57 [The Wasp] worketh 
a Comb of the utter drix of Pales, or other Timber. 

Hence Drixy, + dricksie a., decayed (as tim- 
ber); =Drvuxy, 5 3 

Drizzle (dri-z’l), sd.1 [goes with Drizzux v.] 
Small, fine, spray-like rain. 

1554 in Harington Vuge Ant. 93 To shunne Bleak win- 
ters drizzle. Wirxins Real Char. 58 The Condensa- 
tion of it, from a Cloud, or from a Mist, Rain, Drizle. 

J. Benesrorn Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vi. ii, A mist 

which successively becomes a mizzle, a drizzle, a shower, a 

rain, a torrent. 1853 C, Bronte Villette xxi, It rained a 

pores baer A f th ling (fish). 
5b, name of the in; 

ss Pannnttr Zool. (2796) IIT, 198 Joa.) It not Beet 
a le fish, and quently not led to the bounty 
.-Such are called drizzles and are in season all summer, 

Drizzle (dri‘z’l), v. Also 6 drysel, 6-7 dris- 
sel, 6-8 drizle, dris(s)le, 7 driz(z)el. [Not 
known before 16th c. Origin obscure : bly 
dim. and freq. of rare ME, Dresz, OE. dréosan 
to fall; with 16th c. afeney: ae DrysninG.) 


1. intr. To rain in very dense, 5; like 
Giga So Se Oa ere 3 
to fall, as rain, in fine drops. aN eS 


ae ee 


DRIZZLED. 


sage Drizzunc ffl. a.b.] 1590 Martowe Edw. 1/7, 
Se (tide) 199/2 These tears, that drizzle from mine 
eyes. 1637 G. Dantet Genius of this [le 7 Nor ever did the 
winter drissle here. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. v. ii, The 
morning is none of the comfortablest: raw; it is even driz- 
aling a little. ye Zancwitt Big Bow Myst. 89 A thin rain 
drizzled languidly. i : 
Jig. 822 Surttey Faust u. 187 The magic notes, like 
spark on spark, Drizzle, whistling through the dark. 
+2. trans. To shed in fine spray-like drops. Ods. 
1543 [see Drizztine di. sd. below]. 1584 Lyty Campaspe 
mt. il, Danae, into whose prison Jupiter drizled a golden 
showre. 1599 SHAks. Much Ado ut. iii. 111 Stand thee 
close then vnder this penthouse, for it drissels raine. 1601 
— Jul. C.. 1. ii, 21 Fiexce fiery Warriours fight vpon the 
Clouds .. Which drizel’d bl vpon the Capitoll. 1642 
re Div. Poems, Elegie Dr. Wilsoni, I cannot mizzle : 
fluent brains are too severe to drizzle Sleight drops. 
.3. To sprinkle or wet with minute drops. rare. 
#810 Scott Lady of L. iv. v, Drizzled by the ceaseless 
y, The wizard waits. 1869 Biackmore Lorna D. iii, 
The little stubby trees. . were drizzled with a mess of wet. 
Hence Dri‘zzled f//. a. shed in spray-like 
drops ; Dri-zzling v/. sb. (in quot. 1543, coucr.). 
1543 Bate Vet a Course, $c. 97 (T.) The draffysh de- 
claracyons of my lorde Boner, with such other dirty drysel- 
ings of Antichrist. 1590 SuHaxs. Com. Err. v. i. 312 Sap- 
consuming Winters drizled snow. a Crooxe Body of 
Man 499 They .. auoid theirwater by drisling or drops. 1856 
T. Airp Poet, Wks. 342 A bloody drizzled shower. 


Dri-zzling, A//.a. [f. Drizzin v. + -1NG2.] 
That drizzles. a. Of rain or the like. 

1519 Spenser Sheph. Cal, Jan. 41 From mine eyes the 
drizling teares descend. 1594 — Asmoretti xviii, Drizling 
drops that often doe redound, the firmest flint doth in con- 
tinuance weare. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 546 No drizling 
showr, But ratling storm of Arrows barbd with fire. 1743 
Lond. §& Country Brew. w. (ed.2) 267 Run a drisling Stream 
-,onafew Hops. 1863 Geo. Exior Romola ut. xiv, They 
walked on in silence. .under the small drizzling rain. 

b. Of a day, climate, etc. 

1566 Drant Horace, Sat. u1. ii(R.), Through sletie drisling 
day. 1 Bentowes 7heoph. u. |xxii, Thus mounts she 
drizling Olivet. 1741 Suort in PAi?. Trans. XLI. 629 All 
Three Days showery or drisling. 1875 J. H. Bennet Winter 
Medit. 1. tii. 81 A drizzling November day in England. 

(dri‘zli), @ [f Drizzte+-y1.] Of 
the nature of, or characterized by drizzling. 

1697 DrypEN Virg. Georg. 11. 475 During Winter's aly 
Reign, 1748 THomson Cast. /ndol. 1. 238 Falling bac 
again in drizzly dew. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. xxvii, Un- 
fortunately the morning was drizzly. 

Dro, ch, obs. pa. t. of Draw z. 

Droag, droan(e, obs. ff. Droc, Drone. 

Drobely, drobly, drobyl, varr. Drusty, 
DrvusBiE, Ods. 

+Drock. Ods. A part of a plow (see quot.). 

1753 Cuambers Cycl. Supp., Drock..is an upright piece of 
timber. . belonging to the right side of the tail..’The ground 
wrist of the plow is fastened to this, as also is the earth 


board. 

+ Drof, drove, ¢z. Obs. [OE. dréf turbid, 
disturbed, a parallel form to OS. drédz (MDu. 
droevg, Du. droef), OHG. treuobi (Ger. triibe):— 
OTeut. *d7édu-2 (becoming *drodjo-), from ablaut 
stem of ¢rad-an, whence Drarr, Cf. Drer.] Tur- 
bid, disturbed, troubled: physically or mentally. 

c1000 Sax. Leechd. U1. 204 Flod drof zesihd zxbyliizda 
hit zetacnad. c x20g Lay. 1040 Drof he wes on mode. /bid. 
6588 Drof [c 1275 sori] him wes on heorte. @ 1300 Cursor 
AM. 13769 (Cott.) Quen pis water all droue [v.~. droued] war. 

Drof(e, droff(e, obs. ff, drove : see DRIVE v. 

+ Drof-land. O/d Law. Also ?dryfland and 
erron. Griftland. [f. ME. drdf, OE. drdf, Drove, 
driving + Lanp.] (See quot. 1660.) 

1660 W. SomNner Gavelkind prop. iv. 116 (Drof-land) that 
holden by the service of driving, as well of Distresses taken 
for the Lords use, as of the Lords cattel from place to place, 
as to and from Markets, Fairs, and the like: more par- 
ticularly here in Kent of driving the Lords hogs or swine 
to and from the Weald of Kent. 1664 F. Pxitrirs J7/is- 
taken Recomp. 39 (The lords] in many or some of their 
manors do receive Quit-rents of their Tenants for Berdland, 
or provision of victuals for their homes; Dyrefland, for 
driving their Cattle to Fairs and Markets. 1848 WHARTON 
LawLex., Drift-land, Drofland, or Dryfland. 

Drog, v. Also 7 droag, 8 drouge. [?a back- 
form from Drocuer or F. drogueur.] trans. To 
carry ina drogher. Hence Dro’ging, dro-ghing, 
the West Indian coasting trade; also attrib. 

1681 Treat. conc. E. India Trade 4 To hope that ever 
we can cope with the Dutch in White Herring Fishing, 
Selt-drosging from St. Uvals to the East-Land, or the Rus- 
sia or Greenland Trade. 1787 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 222 All 
the dowsing vessels jeans tothe island. 1805 Naval 
Chron. XIII. 6 I employed myself in drogging sugar. 

Drog, -arie: see Drocgur, Drug, Drucerry. 
Droga, droger: see DARoGa. 

Droga-, drog(e)-, drogerman, obs. forms of 
DraGomMan. 

Drogat(t, drog(g)itt, obs. ff. Druaczr. 

Droger, drogger, var. of DRoGHER. 

Drogge, obs. form of Druc. 

Drogh, obs. dial. f. THroucH. 

c1428 Eng. Cong. [re/.\f. 4b, Both drogh right and trowth. 

Drogh, dro3, dro3ghe, obs. pa. t. of Draw v 

Droghen, droj3en, obs. A . pple. of DrEx. 

Drogher (drago1). Also 8-9 drogger, g 
droger, droguer, [a. obs. F. drogueur (1525 


675 


in Jal and Godef.) ‘a ship which fished and dried | 


herring and mackerel’ (Jal), f. 16th c. Du. drogher, 
droogher, Du. drooger, a dryer, f. droogen to dry. 
Cf. F. droguerie, Du. droogerij, drying-place : ‘ce 
terme se dit de la péche et de la préparation du 
hareng’ (Aubin 1702 in Jal).] A West Indian 
coasting vessel; hence transferred to other slow 
clumsy coasting craft. 

[1756 see Drover 2”.] 1782 Ann. Reg. 279/2 If they are 
not employed in droghers .. means shall be furnished them 
todepart for the neutral islands. 1790 Phil. Trans. LXXX. 
346 Droghers, or vessels employed in carrying stores, &c. 
from one part of the island [Grenada] to another. 1805 
Naval Chron. X11. 6 A drogger is a Shallop, or Schooner, 
employed to convey sugar from the Plantations to the Mer- 
chantmen. /éid, XIV. 73 Disguising her as a Droger. 1836 
E. Howarp 2. Reefer xxxiv, This drogher .. was a large, 
half-decked, cutter-rigged vessel. 1860 Bartietr Dict. 
Amer., Droger or Drogher .. built solely for burden, and 
for transporting cotton, lumber, and other heavy articles. 

b. attrib. and Comb., as drogher-man, systent. 
ere SAsONes Hist. Jamaica 330 Vrade..done on what is 
stil known as the drogger system. 1889 J. J. Tuomas 
Froudacity 179 Engage the. .droghermen as able seamen. 

Droghing: see Droc z. 

Droght(e, dro3t(e, dro3pe, obs. ff. Drovcur. 

Drogoman, drogueman, varr. of DRAGOMAN. 

Drogue (drag). Forms: 8 drug, 9 druge, 
drog, dro(u)gue. [perh. orig. drag, var. of DRAG 
sb., the form drogue arising through assimilation 
to drogue, obs. and Sc. form of Drug sd.1] 

1. Whale-fishing. A contrivance attached to the 
end of a harpoon line to check the progress of a 
whale when running or sounding, 

A simple form consists of a piece of stout board, 12 or 14 
inches square; another consists of a small wooden tub, with 
its concavity in the direction of the whale. 

1725 Duptey in PArl. 7rans. XXXIII. 263 Sometimes 
they will get away after they have been lanced..with Irons 
in them, and Drugs fastened to them, which are thick 
Boards about fourteen Inches square. 1858 Simmonps Dict. 
Trade, Drog, a name given in Scotland to a buoy attached 
to the end of a harpoon line. 1875 Kincston South Sea 
Whaler iii. 79 ‘The first mate was on the point of heaving 
his own line overboard with a drougue fastened to it. 

2. Naut. A hooped canvas bag towed at the 
stern of a boat to prevent it from broaching to. 

1875 Beprorp Sailor's Pocket Bh. vi. (ed. 2) 220 Towing 
astern a pig of ballast..or canvas bag termed a ‘drogue’ or 
drag .. to hold the boat’s stern back, and prevent her being 
turned broadside to the sea or broaching-to. 1878 Boston 
Mercury 8 June, They are provided with a novel kind of 
anchor (the drogue). Itis a large canvas barrel-shaped bag, 
attached to fifty fathoms of rope. 1888 Scott. Leader 29 
Nov. 7 The first breaker lifted the boat on her end, while 
the second, driving the drogue forward, slacked the rope, 
when the boat broached to. 

Drogue, -ry, obs. and Sc. ff. Druc, DruccEry. 

Droh, obs. pa. t. of Draw v. 

Droich (dréx). Sc. Forms: 6 droiche, 7 
droigh,g droich. [perh. a metathesis of duerch, 
duergh, or some similar form of Dwarr; Gaelic 
has also drozch from same source.] A dwarf. | 

1535 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. in Pitcairn Crim. Trials 1. 
*285 To the Droiche, to lows his claithis fra the tail3eouris. 
1568 Bannatyne MS. \f. 173 (Jam.) Ane little Interlud, of 
the Droichis part of the Play. «a 1605 Montcomerte //yt- 
ing ww. Polwart 70 Doe, droigh, what thou dow. 1818 Miss 
Ferrier Marriage II. 185 ‘The Englishwomen are all poor 
droichs,’ said Nicky, who had seen three in. .her life. 

Hence Droi‘chy a., dwarfish. 

1693 Scot. Presbyt. Elog. (1738) 117 There was Zaccheus, 
a Man of a low Stature, that is, a little droichy Body. 

Droict, obs. form of Drorr !, 

Droig, obs. var. of Sc. drogue, Dru. 

+ Droil, sé. Ods. Forms: (6 droyelle), 6-7 
droyl(e, 7 droil(e. [The origin and mutual 
relations of this and the related Drott v. are note 
clear. The sb. has been (very doubtfully) compared 
with Icel. d7éi’, drone, sluggard. According to 
analogy (as well as dates), the vb. would be 
expected to be formed from the sb. in sense 1; 
the vb. however is possibly related to Du. druclen 
to loiter, slumber, in Kilian druylen ‘suggredi, 
latenter siue clam ire’, which answers for the form, 
but imperfectly for the sense. The word has prob. 
been influenced by ¢oz/, moil. Cf. also Droy.] 

1. A servant of all work ; a drudge. 

1579 Remedy agst. Love Db, Abond man to his appetites, 
A drudge unto a droyelle. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. 
xcvi. 593 If his master would send him to the feeldes or vse 
him as a droyle in his house to doe whatsoeuer he had to be 
done. 1642 Rocers Naaman 301 So they be faithfull 
droiles and drudges, they think more cannot be required. 
1668 Witkins Real Char. u. xi. § 1. 264 Conditions of men.. 
Freeman. .Slave..Bondman..Droyl, Drudge. 

2. Drudgery ; toil in disagreeable work. 

1639 Suirtey Gent. Venice 1. ii,’"Tis I do all the droil, 
the dirt-work. vaRLES Sol. Recant. ii. 22 For what 
reward hath man of all his droyle. 

+ Droil, v. Oss. Forms: 6-7 droyl(e, 7 droil(e, 
[gees with Drow. sé., q.v.] 

. zntr, To drudge, slave, toil in mean work. 
15gt Spenser M7, Hudberd 157 Let such vile vassalls borne 
to vocation Drudge in the world, and for their fiving 
droyle. 1635 Quartes m7. 1, iii, (1718) 14 O who woul 


DROLL. 


droil, Or delve in such a soil! 1660 H. More Alyst. God?. 
v. xvii. 207 To make mill-horses of them, that they may 
the better droile and drudge for the satisfaction of their lusts. 

2. trans. To subject to drudgery. rare. 

1645 Quartes Sol. Recant, i. 22 To what hopefull end 
Droyle we our crazy bodies? 

Hence + Droi‘ling vd/. sd. and Afi. a. 

1607 Hieron /W’4s. 1, 135 Moiling and droiling there is for 
the world without measure. 1641 Mitton Reform. 1. (1851) 
3 (The soul] left the dull and droyling carcas to plod on in 
the old rode, and drudging Trade of outward Conformity. 
1674 Govt. Tongue ix. § 13 The droiling pesant scarce 
thinks there is any world beyond his own village, or the 
neighboring markets. 

Droit! (droit, or as F., drwa). Also 5-6 
droyt, 6 droict. [a. F. drovt, earlier dreit :—late 
pop. L. *dréctum, drictum :—L. diréctum straight- 
ened, straight, right, Direc’; as sb. a straight or 
right line; in late L. right, legal right, law.] 

1. A right; a legal claim to what is one’s due; 
hence, that to which one has a legal claim ; a due; 
fl. dues, duties, perquisites due by legal right. 

Droits of Admiralty: certain rights or perquisites, as the 
proceeds arising from the seizure of enemies’ ships, wrecks, 
etc., formerly belonging to the Court of Admiralty, but now 
paid into the Exchequer. 

1481 Caxton Godef/roy ccvi. 301 He sayde that they were 
the droytes and rightes of his chirche of the sepulcre. 1484— 
Curial/8 Vhe vertues of nature and the ryghtes and droytes 
of lyf humayne, — 1528 Sir R. Weston in Dillon Ca/ais & 
Pale (1892) 92 Other casualtyes and droyts Royall belong- 
ing to the Seignorye. 1638 Eart Strarrorp Left. (1739) IT 
206 As if the keeping of the Fort..had prejudiced him in the 
Droits of his Admiralty. 1816 Kratince 7rav. (1817) II. 
164 A difficulty experienced in collecting the droits or duties 
exacted. 186r May Covst. //7st. (1863) I. iv. 198 George 
III derived a considerable amount from the droits of the 
crown and Admiralty..and other casual sources of revenue. 
1889 Century Dict.s.v., In American law droits of admiralty 
are not as such recognized. 

+ 2. Law, right, justice ; a law. Ods. 

1480 Caxton Ovia's Met. x. vii, My fader..knoweth the 
lawes & droytes. 1481 —- A/yrv, 1. ix. 35 ‘The droytes and 
lawes by which the jugements be made. 1483 — Cato 
C viij, It is founde in droyt canon. -— Gold, Leg. 17§b/1 ‘To 
lerne the Scyence of droyt and of the lawe. 1535-6 Act 27 
Hen, VIII, c. 26 Preamb., The Domynyon .. of Wales.. 
[whereof] the Kinges moost Roiall Magestie of mere droite 
and verye right is verie hedde King Lorde and Ruler. 

3. Combd., as droit-house, a building at a sea- 
port for the collection of the droits of Admiralty ; 
droitsman, the collector of droits, 

1836 Ann. Keg. 31 Plaintiff was taken to the droit-house 
at the end of the pier. 1866 Buackmore Cradock Nowell 
xxxiii, The Admiralty droitsmen made an accurate inventory 
of the bungs and blacking bottles. 

+ Droit. Os. (Origin unascertained.] A 
minute weight ; the four hundred and eightieth part 
of a grain troy, one twenty-fourth of a ‘mite’. 

(Belonging toa series used in exact computations of weight 
of coins, before the introduction of decimals, the alternate 
subdivisions by 20 and 24 carrying out those of ounces and 
pennyweights. See Notes §& Quertes 8th S. X. 255, 278, 338.) 

1601 [‘ Weight of Silver Coins 43 Eliz. 1601’ given in ‘dwt., 
gr., Mites, Droits, Perits, Blancs,’ cited in J. MILLAN Cozns, 
Weights, §& Meas. 1749.) 1604 Procl. Jas. 7 in Ruding 
Coinage of Gt. Brit. 1840, 1. 363. a@1606 Mint §& Moneta 
(JAZS. in Royal Mint Lib.) iv. If. 2, Note that..in 1 grain 
Subtill there are 20ty Mites Subtill, and so further to Droites, 
to be devided if need shalbe. 1649 Act Long Parlt.c. 43 
(Scobell 11. 65). Schedule or Table annexed—Pieces of 
Gold : xx’. 05 Penny weights. 20 Grains. 10 Mites. .. Pieces 
of Silver: .. i! oo Penny weights.o7 Grains.14 Mites.20 
Droits.o2 Perits.12 Blanks. — Memorandum: Twelve 
Ounces makes a pound weight Troy ;.. Twenty Mites makes 
aGrain; Twenty four Droits makesa Mite; Twenty Perits 
makes a Droit; Twenty four Blanks makes a Perit. Passed 
17 July. 1656 Brounr Glossogr. s.v. Ounce. 1658 Puitiirs 
s.v.Perit. 1708-43 J. CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit. 160. 
1811 Ketty Univ. Cambist, The Droit of 20 Periots. 1858 
Simmonps Dict. Trade, Droit, a division of the troy grain 
used by moneyers. : 

Droitural (droitiiiral), a. Zaw. [f. F. drot- 
ture (see next) + -AL.] Relating to a right to 
property, as distinguished from possession. 

1850 Burrivt cited in WesstER. 1875 Poste Gaius i. 
Comm. (ed. 2) 191 He might recover it for future presenta- 
tions by droitural writ of right of advowson. — /é¢d. 1v. 649 
‘The old division of Real actions in English law into Pos- 
sessory and Droitural. . ' 

+ Droi‘ture. Os. rare. [a.F.drotture straight- 
ness, rightness :—late pop. L. *dréctira-m:—L. di- 
rectiira-m a making straight (Vitruv.), f. ppl. stem 
of dirigére to straighten, DirEcr.] Uprightness. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 246/2 Therfor remayneth his 
droyture perdurably whyche he fulfilled wyth holy werke. 

Droll (dré"1), ss. Also 7 drolle, 7-8 drol(e. 
[a. F. dréle (1584 drolle in Hatz.-Darm. ; in 16th 
c. also draule), orig. a sb. ‘a good fellow, boone 
companion, merrie grig, pleasant wag; one that 
cares not which end goes forward, or how the world 
goes’ (Cotgr.) ; subseq. also an adj., and so in Eng. 
The origin of the F. word is uncertain : see Diez, 
Littré, Darmesteter.] 

1. A funny or waggish fellow ; a merry-andrew, 
buffoon, jester, humorist. ; 

c1645 Howett Left. 1. 1. xviii, The old Duke of Main 
.. was us'd to play the drol with him. Zé#d. (1650) I. 438 
Dr. Dale, who was a witty kind of drole. 1658 J. Har- 
RinGTON Prerog. Pop. Govt. is v. (1700) 374 Lucian _is a 
Drol, and intends a , sis 1665 Pepys ator 2 June, Very 

“2 


DROLL. 


merry we were, Sir Thomas Harvy being a very drolle. 
©1672 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 201 John Lamphire .. 
who was sometimes the natural droll of the company. 
a1680 Butter Rem. (1759) 1. 102 The worst Drols of 
Punchinellos Were much th’ ingeniouser Fellows. 1709 
Sreeve 7atler No.9 P 2 Mr. Scoggin, the famous Droll of the 
last Century. hip wat 9 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 645 The 
frolic gamesome droll they have seen upon Covent garden 
theatre. 1847 Disraett Zancred u. viii, Mrs. Coningsby 
was..a fascinating droll. 1873 BrowNinc Xed Cott. Nt.-cap 
328 As for the droll there, he that plays the king And screws 
out smile with a red nightcap on, i 

+2. A comic or farcical composition or repre- 
sentation; a farce; an enacted piece of buffoonery ; 


a puppet-show. Obs. 
1649 G. Danie. Trinarch.To Rdr. 8 The frequent heapes 
Of Braines, from the weake sun-shine of an Eye Work Mag- 
gotts out—short Drolls—scurrilitie. 1662 TatHam Agua 
Tri. Introd., There are two Drolls, one of Watermen, 
the other of Seamen. 1711 Suartess. Charac., Enthu- 
siasm (1749) I. 19 They are .. the subject of a choice 
roll or Puppet-show at Bart'lemy Fair. 1731 Merpiey 
Kolben's Cape G. Hope 1. 10 The crew, to divert them- 
selves, acted several Drolls. 1818 Topp, Drollery..2. A 
show ; the old word for the present diolls exhibited at fairs. 
+b. The acting of farces. Obs. 

1817 D. Hucuson Walks thro’ Lond. 194 A house of 
public exhibition in horsemanship and droll. cei 

+3. The action of making jest or sport ; jesting ; 
burlesque writing or style. Ods. 

1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. 1. 13 The whole Sermon 
being but a drol and derision of Kings and their Ministers. 
1698 [R. Fercuson] View Eccles. Pref., To turn everything 
he writes of into Droll and Laughter. 1711 tr. Werenfels’ 
Disc. Logomachys 164 The ridiculous Mockery and Drolls 
ofthe Vulgar, 1842 H. Rocers ss. I. i. 35 A pretty story 
. that affords scope for clinch and droll. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as + droll-booth, -house, a 
place where drolls were acted (obs.) ; dro/l-teller. 

1706 E. Waro Hud. Rediv. 1. viii, Like Smith-field Droll- 
Booth, built with Wood. 1738 Watts Holiness of Times 
iii. Wks. 1812 III. 579 Should the senate-house .. be used 
for a theatre or droll-house, or for idle puppet-shows 1866 
Sat. Rev. 11 Aug. 186/1 The droll-teller still went his rounds 
from hall to cottage. 

Droll, a. [f. F. dré/e: see prec. sb.] 

1. Intentionally facetious, amusing, comical, funny. 
+ Droll painting, caricature; d. painter, caricaturist. 

1623 Jas. Lin Four C. Eng. Lett. 45, 1 heartily thank thee 
for thy kind droll letter. 1756-82 J. Warton Ess. Pope (ed. 4) 
I. ii.51 Landschape-painting .. being even preferred to single 
portraits, to pieces of still-life, to droll-figures. ye 
H. Wavpore Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) U1. 45 Daniel 
Boon, Of the same country, a droll painter. 1789 BELSHAM 
Ess. 1. x. 202 The droll inventions of Hogarth. 1858 Lytron 
What will He dot. xii, He was a droll and joyous humour- 
ist. 1861 Wricut Ess. Archzvol. 11. xxiii. 230 Everybody 
has a perception of what is droll and ludicrous. 

2. Unintentionally amusing ; queer, quaint, odd, 
strange, ‘funny’. 

1753 Mecmotu Cicero. ix. (R.) Imitating the droll figures 
those gallant youths exhibited. 1790 Burns 7am O'Shanter 
159 Wither'd beldams, auld and droll. 1822 Scott Let. in 
‘Taylor & Raine Mem. Surtees (1852) 164 1 have built a droll 
sort of house here .. a pretty, though somewhat fantastical 
residence. a 1876 G. Dawson Biog. Lect. (1886) 94 Charles 
the Second certainly was the drollest idol ever nation set up. 

Hence Drovllity, the quality of being droll; 
concr, a droll thing ; Dro‘liness. 

1639 Davenant Salmacida Sfolia Dram. Wks. 1872 II. 
317 Four Grotesques or drollities. 1823 F. Ciissoip Ascent 
Mt. Blanc (1825) 10 Excited, as he said, by the drollness of 
the scene. 1885 Library Mag. \N. Y.) July 4 The ground- 
cuckoo is an embodiment of drollness and absurdity. 

Droll, v. Also 7 drol, 7-8 drole. [a. obs. F. 
dréler ‘to play the wag’, etc. (Cotgr.), f. drdle sb.] 

1. intr. To make sport or fun ; to jest, joke; to 
play the buffoon. Const. with, at, on, upon. 

1654 WuiteLocke Frul. Swed. Em. (1772) 1. 130 White- 
locke drolled with them. 1665 Ear Marcesurcu Fair 
Warnings 19 There was no greater argument of a foolish 
and inconsiderate person, than profanely to droll at Re- 
ligion. @ 1678 Makvett Wks. IIL. 333 eR) As Killegrew 
buffons his master, they droll on their God, but a much 
duller way. 1680 Vind. Conforming Clergy (ed. 2) 32 An 
Author .. that drolls with every thing. 1739 Metmotu 
Fitsosb, Lett, (1763) 227 To drole upon the established 
religion of a country. 1784Cowrer 7ask 1. He doubt- 
less is in sport, does but droll. 1894 R. Brinces Feast 
of Bacchus Vv. 1428 To droll on a private person. 

2. trans. To jest (a thing) away, off; +to jest 
(a person) out of or into something (0s.) ; to bring 
forth after the manner of a jester or buffoon. 

1663 R. Staryiton Slighted Maid 7 (N.) He would scarce 
droll away the sum he offer’d. 1679 SHarr Serm. at St. 
Margarets 11 Apr. 11 To Baffle and Droll out of Counten- 
ance those that stand up for the Reputation of Sacred 
things. a@1704 R. L’Estrance (J.), Men that will not be 
reasoned into their senses, may yet be laughed or drolled 
into them. x Tait’s Mag. 1. 57 The Mulgraves and 
Masseys .. might have drolted a drivelled forth their 
sickening imbecility for half a century. 

Hence Dro'lling v/. sd. and Afi. a. ; also Dro‘l- 
lingly adv. ; jestingly, so as to make a jest of it; 
+Dro'ller, + Dro‘llist, a professed facetious per- 
son; a jester, buffoon. 

1645 Evetyn Diary 20 Feb., Their drolling lam and 
scurrilous papers. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals \ 1. 19 
(They] use but drolling and 5 Be. in their Argu- 
ments. 1676 Granvitt Season. Refi. i.s And .. now he.. 
sets the Apes and Drollers uponit. 1681 — Sadducismus 1. 
(1726) 453 These idle Drollists have an utter Antipathy to all 
the braver and more generous kinds of Knowledge, 1684 


‘ 


676 


J. Goopman Winter Even. Confer. P j.(T.), To talk lightly 
and ae. it. «1713 ELttwoop A utobiog. (1765) 284 
Something mgt a ate ee yt ngs 1847 W. 
Irvine 14 A in Lie - 3 A quiet drolling vein. 1882 
‘TROLLOPE 
ling in her voice. 

(drd* lari). 

drolrie (drawlerie, drallery). 


Also 7 drol(ljerie, 
[a. F. drélerie 


(1584 in Hatz.-Darm.; also draulerze in Cotgr.), f° 


dréle: see -ERY.] 

1. The action of a droll ; waggery, jesting. 

1653-4 WuiTeLockE ¥rnl. Swed. seo (1772) me So 
they parted in much drollerye. 168 GLanvitt Saddu- 
cismus 1. (1726) 449 An affected humour of Drollery and 
Scoffing. 1743 J. haa Serm. vii. 202 Better .. than to 
make it the subject of their jests and drollery. 1828 Cartyte 
Misc. Ess., Burns (1872) 11. 22 This [faculty of caricature] is 
Drollery rather than eunur. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets iv. 
3 A humour for drollery and sarcasm. . 

. Something humorous or funny: +a. A comic 
play or entertainment ; a puppet-show; a puppet. 

1610 SHaks. 7em/, 11. iii. 21 What were these? A liuing 
Drolerie. 1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair Induct., Those 
that beget tales, tempests, and such like drolleries. 1621 
FLETCHER Wild Goose Chase 1. ii, Our women the best 
linguists; they are parrots ; O" this side the Alps they ‘re 
nothing but mere drolleries. 1847 Disrarui Jancred u. 
xiii, A land that has never been blessed by that fatal drollery 
called a representative government. 

+b. A comic picture or drawing ; a caricature. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1. i. 156 For thy walles, a pretty 
slight Drollery..is worth a thousand of these Bed-hangings. 
1606 Dekker Sev. Sinnes Ded., A Drollerie (or Dutch peece 
of Lantskop) may sometimes breed in the beholders eye, as 
much delectation, as the best and most curious master-peece 
excellent in that Art. 164: Evetyn Diary 13 Aug., We 
arrived late at Roterdam, where was their annual marte or 
faire, so furnished with pictures (especially Landskips and 
Drolleries, as they call rae clounish representations) that 
[etc.]. 1888 F. T. Patcrave in 19th Cent. Jan. 85 (Dutch) 
pictures..were not classed in the range of serious work ; 
they bore commonly the significant name of Drodleries. 

ce. A jest; a facetious story or tale. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes w. i. 170 Let it be if you please 
a Drawlery upon it. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 
121 The King is very much pleased with such Fictions and 
Drolleries. 1871 R. Evtis Catudlus |. 4 Scribbling drolleries 
each of us together. 

3. The quality of being droll; quaint humour. 

1742 West Let. in Gray's Poemts (1775) 143 Old words re- 
vived..add a certain drollery to the comic, and a romantic 
gravity to the serious. 1856 Macautay Goldsm. Misc. Writ. 
1860 II. 255 The rich drollery of ‘ She Stoops to Conquer’, 

Hence Drolle‘rical a. nonce-wd., comical. 

ea S. Hottanp Zara (1719) 15 This Drollerical Poem 
mightily augmented our Champion's Mirth. 

Drollie, a. rare. [f. Drow sb. + -1c.] Of or 
pertaining to a droll or puppet-show,. 

1743 Fiecoinc ¥. Wild u. iii. (D.), At the fair of Bartho- 
lomew..Thalestris, Queen of the Amazons, Anna Bullen, 
Queen Elizabeth, or some other high princess in drollic story. 

Drollish (drélif), @. Somewhat droll. 

1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland xxiv. 108 Imposing drollish 
nick-names upon them. 1759 Sterne 7%. Shandy IL. xii, 
A drollish and witty kind of peevishness. 

(drdwlli), adv. [f. Droit a, + -L¥2.] 
In a droll manner ; funnily; quaintly, oddly. 

1662 Perys Diary 5 Nov., _ .did answer me so humbly 
and drolly about it. 1791 SWELL Yohuson 17 May an. 
1775, Tom Davies described it [Johnson's laugh) drolly 
enough : ‘ He laughs like a rhinoceros’. a 1864 HAWTHORNE 
Amer. Note-Bks. (1879) 1. 43 Atone of voice having a drolly 
pathetic..sound. 1880 Ovipa MotAs II. 59 Things manage 
themselves drolly. 

Drom, obs. form of Drum. 

Dro thous (dry:mép'gnapas), a. Or- 
nith. [f. Dromeus generic name of the emeu, (ad. 
Gr. Spopaios swift-running) + -yra0os jaw : see -OuS.] 
Having the bones of the palate arranged as in the 
emeu and its allies, Hence Dromeo'gnathism, 
the arrangement of the palate-bone in this parti- 
cular manner. 

1867 Huxtey Classif. Birds in Proc. Zool. Soc. 425 The 
Dromaognathous birds are represented by the single genus 
Tinamus, which has a completely struthious palate. x 
Parker in Zncyel. Brit, UL. 7131/1 (Birds) That low ki 
of skull which is called ‘ Dromaognathous’ seen 
Dromaus the Emeu. 


m e, -byllsclad, var. of DRUMSLADE 


Ods., a drum. 
+ Dro‘med, -e. Olds. [ad. late L. dromeda, 
== Dromepary. 


f. class. L. dromas, dromad-em. 
(‘ Dromeda, quoddam genus camelorum, minoris quidem 
stature, sed velocioris’ (J. de Janua in Du ); *dro- 
meda, & dromas & dromedarius, idem ani est_ minus 
camelo, = ag re ig a Rr in Du c), 

- YCLIF mM le ae camen u ro. 
md 1388 — rp lx, 6 The Wierd of orsnndle [nage dro- 
medaries] of Madian and Effa. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De PR, 
XVII Xxxvi. (1495) 797 Drom us is an heirde and keper 
of Dromedes. ¢ 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. viii. (Sherard 
MS.), The dromedes pat they riden vpon. 1572 Bossewett 
Armorie u. 58, G. beareth sable, a Dromede passante d'Or, 
gesante a branche of the Date tree propre. 

Dromedary (drv'm-, drp'médari). Also 4-6 
dromodarye, -ie (dromounday), 5 dromadayr, 
dromyder, drowmondere, dromond-, dromy- 
dary, (drombodary), 5-7 dromadary, 6 drome- 
dare, -der, dromun-, drumbledary, drummi-, 
dromeldory, 7 dromidore, dromderrie, dromi- 


lice Dugdale, etc. 357 There was a sound of 


DROMOND, 


dary. [ad. OF. dromedaire (mod.F. dromadaire’, 
late L. dromedarius (Vulgate, Isa. 1x.6) for *droma- 
darius (sc. camélus), f. ck dromad-em drome- 
7 a. Gr. dpoyds, Spouada, running, runner + Lat. 
suffix -drius: see -ARY1. The drumble-, dromel- 
forms are due to popular association with vernacular 
words in DRUMBLE-, q.v.] 

1. A light and feet Ganka of the camel, specially 
reared and trained for riding. See CamEt. 
Bacvint casi may shes te topeeialliion o Deeeahie 

camel ma’ im) . 

1 FF ae pe Ae Olifans and camaie "ada 
I see Je OC estr, wo dromon- 
darys drowe hit [a chariot dressit ap Ro tr. Secreta 
Secret., Gov. Lordsh. E. T.S.) rrr Right Sar Lad as 
dromyders. ¢ 1425 Voc. in Wr.- Wiilcker 638 Hic drome- 

d xxxvi. 274 Thenne 


darius, a drow ¢ 1500 Melusi: 
came a trucheman mounted vpon a + 1570 
Levins AManip. 104 A Drumbledary, dromedarius. 1596 
Spenser F. Q. 1. viii. 38 Ryding upon a Dromedare on 
hie, Of stature huge, ond horrible of hew. x63 Litxcow 
Trav. vi. 298 A Dromidore, and Camel differ much in 
quality, but not in quantity, being of one height, bredth, 
and length. .the Dromidory. . will ride above 80 miles in the 
day. 1708 Mortevx Rabelais ww. Ixy, The Camels and 
Dromedaries of a Caravan. 1839 THirtwatt Greece VI. 
lii. 271 Mounted on dromedaries, they crossed the desert. 
+2. =Dromonpn. Obs. 

[Late L. had dromeda also as the name of a sailing 
vessel: ‘Lembus est genus naviculz Dromedas 
dicimus’, Fulgentius, Super Serm. Antiq. ee §5°).] 

tc ag Oo af lowe Degre 818 With |xxx shippes of large 
towre, With d Jarys of great h fis aa} ys 
monD]. = C. Watson Polyd. 66 b, They ed for taking 
certaine of their dromundaries, costed into a creek adjoining. 

+3. Astupid, bungling fellow. Ods. Cf. 
BLE-DORE. 

1567 Drant /orace re Bij, Because Democrites iudgd 
art to be more base then witte, Therefore those drununi- 
dories seeke so sleightlie after it. 1597 Pilgr. Parnass. 1. 
217 An old Stigmatick, an ould so! Dromeder. 
Massincer & Fietp Fatal D. u. ii, A soulless drome- 
=~ !a — B. E. a ‘ant. Crew, Preemie 7 — 
or Rogue.. You area repay oe Se ouarea 
or a dull Fellow at devin. 1785 in Grose. 

4. attrib., as dromedary camel, corps, hump. 

1553 Brenve Q. Curtius v. 76 Dromedarye Camels that 
were wonderful swift. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (2676) 72 
ae! had escaped. .flying upon a Dromedary-Camme 1844 

. H. Witson Brit, India 11. 301 He moved against them 
with the third cavalry, the dromedary corps, and iwe com- 
panies of infantry. 1880 Biackmore M/. Aneriey xli, The 
dromedary humps of certain hills. 

Hence (nonce-wds.) Dromeda‘rian a., of the na- 
ture of a dromedary ;_ sé., a rider on a dromedary; 
also Dro‘medarist. 

1706 E. Warp Hud. Reviv. 1. xvii, On his Dromedarian 
Brute. 1849 Lane Mod. Egyft. 11. ix. 135 Mohhammad Ibn 
Kamil the Dromedarist. a Daily Tel. 7 Nov., Ridden 
by dromedarians in Egyptian costume. 

Dromic (drgmik), a. Ke. Gr. B5popuxds, f. 
dpépos course, race-course.] Of, pertaining to, or of 
the form of a race-course ; applied to the basilican 
type of Eastern churches from its resemblance to 
the plan of a race-course. So also Dro-mical, 

1850 Neate Last, Ch, 1. 1. i, 170'Thereare many (Eastern 
churches] of the kind called dromic, or basilican, which 
exhibit the early Westernarrangement. 1875 Encycl. Brit. 
III. 418/2 The basilican form, or, as it was then termed, 
dromical, from its shape being that of a race-course. 1890 
Huxtey in 19¢4 Cent. Nov. 770 Such megalithic edifices as 
the dromic vaults of Maes How and New Grange. 

Dromioid (drp'mijoid), a. (sd.)  [f. mod.L. 
Dromia a genus of crustaceans ; see -O1D.] Having 
the form of a Dromia, a genus of Anomourous 
Crustacea, closely allied to the true crabs, b. sé. 


RUM- 


A crustacean of this | sage 
1852 Dana Crust. 1. ‘he genus Trichia. .is a transition 
enus between henopinea and the Dromioids. 


he 
A Th disti rades of ion .. —i.€., 
pate eis he Rose 
r: see vt Gr bpd } 
Dro‘mogra: . Gr. 5pdpos course + -GRAPH. 
An sats ry measuring the velocity of the 
blood current. 9 —*. ae - 
in Syd. Soc. ‘ ‘uin, 
Peet gr The rene mt core! divws thx peuaey 
Jevation..and the dicrotic elevation, 
Hence °s “phic a. : parts 
Syd. Soe. a rve, 
Plans Ta pate eo te yaaa 


Dromometer. [f. Gr. dpéuo-s course: see 
-METER.] A measurer of speed; a pocket in- 
strument, serving to check the indications of the 
Ae eee XX1Y, Colonel will exhibit 
Phi Nature > +. 225 olen rene mp ine 


bid. 
the 


and Measures of i oti Sea. 
Dromond (drr-mfed, dreamers, end 
dromoun, dromonde, 


arch, Also 4-5 dromon, 
drowmound, dromund, 5~6dromounde. [a.OF. 
dromon, dromont, AF. dromund, -unt, (in Cotgr. 
dromant), ad. late L. dromon-em, a. Byz. Gr. 5pd- 


oe 


DROMORNIS. 


according to Jal, ‘a great vessel of the class of 
long ships’. Used both in war and commerce. 
In more ancient times it is said to have been 
‘a ship with rowers, having a single sail’. 

13..Guy W.(A.) 2802 A dromond he seye ariueing. a 
Coer de L. 2459 The drowmound was so hevy fraught, That 
unethe myght it saylen aught. 13.. A. Adis. 90 How he 
scholde his fomen quelle .. That comen by schip other 
dromouns. 1436 Pol. Peers (Rolls) I. 199 Whan at Hamp- 
ton he made the grete dromons, Which passed other grete 
shippes of alle the comons. 1480 Caxron Chron. Eng. 
exciv. 171 He and his companye robbed two dromondes 
(ed. 1520 dromedaryes] besyde sandwyche. 1557 A. Arthur 
(Copland) v. iii, A great multytude of shyppes, galees, 
cogges and dromoundes. 1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. 
vii. 30 A mightie Argosey, called a Dromond, 1828 Scorr 
F. M. Perth viii, | have got the sternpost of a dromond 
brought up the river from Dundee. 1849 J. SteRtING in 
Fraser's Mag. XX X1X.171 Dromonds huge deep-weighed 
with plenteousness. 1868 Morris Zarthly Par.1. Prol. 8 
The great dromond swinging from the quay. 

|| Dromornis (dromg:mis). Also Dromezornis. 
[f. Spdpuos course, race, or mod.L. Dromevus emeu 

+ dps bird.] A genus of extinct Australian ratite 
birds allied to the Emeu. 

1872 Owen in Proc. Zool. Soc. 682. 1895 C. Dixon in 
Fortn, Rev. Apr. 642 Among extinct types..we have the 
Dromornis of Australia, the A2pyornis of Madagascar. 

| Dromos (drgmps). Archwol. [Gr. dpopos 
race-course, avenue, f. vbl. stem d5pex- to run.] An 
avenue or entrance-passage to a temple or other 
building, often as in Ancient Egypt between rows 
“of columns or statues. 

1850 Leitcu Miller's Anc. Art § 220. 217 Alleys of 
colossal rams or sphinxes form the approach or dromos. 
x 4 C. D. Bett Winter on Nile vi. 57 A populous city 
with its palaces and temples and dromos of sphinxes. 1896 
Academy 18 July 54/2 The tholoi with their entrance 

assages or dromoi excavated in the indurated clay of the 
illside were. .of good Mycenaean period. 

Dromoscope (drg‘mdsko"p). [mod. f. Gr. dpépos 
running, course +-SCOPE.] An instrument to indi- 
cate the course of a ship; also, to indicate the 
velocity of a train or other vehicle. 

1875 Chamb. Frnl, No. 133. 79 The ‘universal dromo- 
scope’, for correcting the course of a ship. 1876 Catad. 
Sci. APP. S. Kens. § 3131 Dromoscope. By means of this 
instrument the deviation of the compass, either of the 
course or azimuth, is indicated merely by stopping the 
hand. 188z [see DRomoMETER]. 

Dromslade, -slet, var. of DruMsLADE, Ods. 
Dron, drone, obs. forms of Drown. 
Dronage. [f. Drone sé.1+-ace. Cf. Dorace.] 
The condition of a drone. 


I Lp. Cocksurn Let. in Blackie’s Biog. x. (1895) " 


Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) III. 103 Many a man..is reduced into 
a state of dronage by him [the usurer]. 

Drone (dré"n), sb..- Forms: a. 1 dran, dreen, 
2-6 (s. w. dial. 7-9) drane (6 drayne, 6-7 dran) ; 
8. ?3 dro(n), 5- drone (6 dron, drowne, 6-7 
droane). [OE. dran, dren (? dran, dren). Cf. 
OS., pl. drand (? drénz), MLG. drdane,dréne, E.Fris. 
drdne, LG. drone, whence mod.Ger. drohne. Also 
OHG. treno, MHG. trene, tren (Maaler 1561 ¢rizz), 
mod.HG. dial. ¢vehne, trene ‘ drone’. 

The etymological relations of these forms are difficult to 
make out, esp. in our ignorance whether the vowel in OE. 
and OS. was aor & A short @ would bring the OE. and 
OS. words together, and put both in ablaut relation to 
OHG. ¢treno, from an ablaut series dren- dran- drun-, with 
primary sense ‘to resound, boom’, whence also ON. a7y'nja, 
and mod.G, dréhnen (see Drounv.). But an OE. ¢ (:—a?) 
would not belong to the same ablaut series as OS. ¢ (:—é). 
An OE, str. fem. dvan, drane, would regularly give ME. 
and mod. s.w. dial. dvane; but it leaves unexplained the 
mod. drone (found chiefly since 1483, but app. indicated by 
dro-, in.a mutilated (?) r2th c, MS. glossary, Wr.-Wiilcker 
543/8). On the other hand, neither are the facts explained 
by an OE. drdén, since this would have given ME. dron, 

roon, mod, drone, Sc. drane; for drane was the ordinary 
ME., and is now a southern Eng., not a Sc, form.] 

1, The male of the honey-bee. It is a non-worker, 
its function being to impregnate the queen-bee. 

a, c1ooo xrric Voc, in Wr.- Wiilcker 121/10 Fucus, dran. 
arroo Ags. Voc. Ibid. 318/35 Fucus, dren. a11x31 O. LE. 
Chron, an. 1127, Swa_drane doth in hiue. c1394 P. PZ. 
Crede 726 As dranes dop nou3t but drynkeb vp pe huny. 
1440 CarGrave Life St, Kath. 1. 21 Dranes loue weel 
reste. 153x Etyor Gov. 1. ii, If any drane or other unpro- 
fitable bee entreth in to the hyue. 1570 Levins Manip. 
19/t A Drane, bee, fucus. Ibid, 200/2 A Drayne. Lbid. 168/5 
A Drone. 1658 Rowtanp Moufet's Theat. Ins. 917 The 
Drone called in Latine, Fucus..in English; a Drone, a 
Dran,. 1880 W., Cornwall Gloss., Drain, a drone. 1880 
Etwortny W. Somerset Word-bk., Drane, a drone. 

B. 12.. Vocab. in Wr.-Wiilcker 543/8 Fucus, dro(n). 
1483 Cath. Angl. 109/2 A Drone, astlus, fucus. 
Dron [see 3]. Fitzuers. Husd, § 122 There is a 
called a drone, and she..wyll eate the _— and gather 
nothynge. 1607 Hizron Wks. I. 389 It a not the 
droane, but the bee. 1637 Heywoop Déa/. Wks. 1874 VI. 
322 The Bee makes honey till his sting be gone, But that 
once lost, he soone becomes a Drone. Gay Poems 
(1745) I. 7 Some against hostile drones the hive defend. 
1889 Geppes Evol. of Sex 19 The drone, although 
passive as compared with the unsexed workers, is active 
when compared with the extraordinarily passive queen. 

2. fig. A non-worker; a lazy idler, a slugger. 

a. Sxetton Agst, Scottes 172 The rude rank Scottes, 
lyke dronken dranes, 1548 Upatt, etc. Zvasm. Par, 


232 We only er oii the drone-age of the drones. 1875 


677 


Pref. 3 Idle loiterers and verai dranes. 1570 B. Gooce Pof. 
Kingd.1.(1880)8 a, Droanes that greedily consume the fruites 
of others paine. 1599 Suaxs. Hew. V, 1. ii. 205 The lazie 
Sabha Drone. 1678 Otway Friendship in FI. v. i, A 

Jroan of a Husband, 1693 Pripeaux Lett. (Camden) 161 
Ye preferments of y? Church were never designed for such 
drones. 1845 Disraett Syé7d (1863) 52 The lands are held 
by active men and not by drones. 

3. attrib. and Comb., as drone-bee, -cell, -eggs ; 
drone-like adj.; drone - beetle = Dok - BEETLE; 
drone-fly, a dipterous insect, Zréstalis tenax, of 
family Sy7phide, resembling the drone-bee. 

1508 Dunsar Zua Mariit Wemen gt Ane bumbart, ane 
*dron bee, ane bag full of flewme. 
1, iii. 77 Much lyke vnto the drowne bees in a hyue. ¢ 1540 
Pilgr. 7. 68 in Thynne's Animadv. (1865) App. i. 79, 1 
thought yt had beyn the dran be._ 1583 Sruspes Anat. Adus. 
1. (1882) 42 Drone bees, that liue vpon the spoile of the 
poore bees that labour. 1865 Woop Homes without H. 
xxiii. (1868) 426 There are three kinds of cell in a hive..the 
worker-cell, the *drone-cell, and the royal-cell. 1753 
Cuampers Cycl, Supp., *Drone-/ly, or Bee fly, atwo wing'd 
fly, so extremely like the common bee as to be at first sight 
not easily distinguishable from it. 1593 Suaks. Lucr. 836, 
My honey lost, and I, a *drone-like bee [etc.]. 

Drone (dré"n), 5.2, Also 6 (9 s.w. dial.) drane 
(6 drene, droon, 7 droane). [app. f. DRoNE v., 
though its early application to a bag-pipe or other 
sonorous instrument is somewhat surprising. ] 

I. 1. A continued deep monotonous sound of hum- 
ming or buzzing, as that of the bass of the bagpipe, 
the humming of a fly, or the like. 

-20 Dunpar Poems xv. 7 Ane fule, thocht he haif 
causs or nane, Cryis ay, Gif me, in to a drane [v.77. rane, 
drene; vie stane]. 1641 Mitton Aximadz. (1851) 209 
Ever. .thumming the drone of one plaine Song. 1751 Joun- 
son Rambler No. 144 ? 7 The insects..that torment us with 
their drones or their stings. 1755 YouNnG Cexéaur ii. Wks. 
1757 1V. 140 The dull drone of nominal diversion still hum- 
ming on, when the short tune of enjoyment is over. 1864 Mrs. 
Gatty Parables fr. Nat. Ser. 1v. 131 The occasional drone 
of the [organ] pipes vibrating drearily through the aisles. 

b. ¢ransf. A monotonous tone of speech. 

1777 Map. D’Arsiay Early Diary (1889) II. 205 I would 
fain give you..some idea of the drone of her voice. 1827 
Macautay JA/isc. Poems (1860) 416 He commenced his 
prelection in the dullest of clerical drones. 1888 ELwortuy 
W. Somerset Word-bk., Drane, a drawl in speech. 

ce. A monotonous speaker ; a drawler. 

1786 Burns Ordination x, We never had sic twa drones. 
1834 Lytton Pompeii 1. ii, Some drone of a freedman. .reads 
them a section of Cicero * De Officiis’. 

II. 2. A bagpipe or similar wind instrument. 

isoz Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 2 A Myn- 
strell that played upon a droon. 1515 Barcray Egloges 
iv. (1570) C iij/2 Yet coulde he pipe and finger well a 
drone. 1530 Patscr. 215/2 Drone, a bagpype, cornemuse. 
c1700 IVooing of Q. Cath. in Evans O. B, (1784)1. lvi. 310 Our 
harps and our tabors, and sweet humming drones, 1787 
Burns Fragm., ‘When Guildford Good’ ix, Caledon threw 
by the drone, An’ did her whittle draw, man. 1858 M. 
Porteous Souter Fohnny 30 An’ sit an’ smirk, an’ hotch, 
an’ swear An’ blaw the drone. . ; 

3. The bass pipe of a bagpipe, which emits only 
one continuous tone. 

(The modern Highland bagpipe has three drones.) 

1592 Lyty A//das v. i, The bag-pipe’s drone his hum lays 
by. 1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc. 152 Then your Bagpypes 
you may burne, It is neither Droane nor Reed..that will 
serue your turne, 1663 Butter Hud. 1. i, 516 This Light 
inspires, and plays upon The Nose of Saint, like Bag-pipe 
Drone. 1774 PENNANT Tour in Scotl. in 1772, 303 The bagpipe 
-ehad two long pipes or drones and asingle short pipe. 1819 
W. Tennant Papistry Storm’d (1827) 90 The drone was 
here, the chanter yonder. 1879 W. H. Stone in Grove 
Dict. Mus. 1. 123 The Irish bagpipe is perhaps the most 


} 


| 
i 


1538 Starkey England | 


powerful. .keys producing the third and fifth to the note of 


the chaunter having been added to the drones. 

4. The tone emitted by the drone of a bag-pipe. 

1596 Suaxs. 1 //en, /V, 1. li. 85 I am as Melancholly as.. 
the Drone of a Lincolnshire Bagpipe. 1623 Liste 2//ric 
on O. & N. Test. Ded. 38 What sports they now deuise 
With Treble and Drone, and Bonfiers, and Bels. 1832-53 
Whistle-Binkie (Scot. Songs) Ser. 1. 54 Till the bags are 
weel filled, there can nae drone get up. 1879 W. H. Stone 
in Grove Dict. M/us. I. 123 A combination of fixed notes or 
‘drones ’, with a melody or ‘chaunter’, 

5. attrib., as drone-bagpipe, -bass, -pipe, -reed. 

1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 65 The fyrst hed ane drone bag 
pipe. @ 1659 CLEVELAND Gen. Poems, etc. (1677) 2 While his 
canting Drone-pipe scan’d The mystick Figures of her 
hand. x CowPer Conversation 330 The drone-pipe of 
an humblebee. W. H. Stone in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 
123 The drone s are only intended to produce a single 
note, which can be tuned by a slider on the pipe itself. 
/bid. 124 An instrument. .with a ‘drone bass’ in the strictest 
sense of the term. 

Brone (drd"n), vl Also 7 droan, 9 (déal.) 
drean. [f. Drone sd.l; or 5.2, sense 2. (The 
ME. Drovy, to roar, appears to be a distinct though 
radically related word.)] 

1. intr. To give forth a continued monotonous 
sound; to hum or buzz, as a bee or a bagpipe; 
to talk in a monotonous tone. 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems xv. 8 He that dronis ay as ane 
bee Sowld haif ane heirar dull as stane. 1704 Swirr Mech. 
Ofperat. Spirit Misc. (1711) 292 A little pay Mortal, 
droning, and dreaming, and drivelling to a Multitude. x 
Cartyte Fr. Rev. LIL. 1. vi, From morning to night .. the 
Tribune drones with oratory on this matter. 1849 JAMES 
Woodman xvii, The inveterate piper droned on. 1863 BARNES 
Dorset Gloss., Drean, to drawl in speaking. 1868 Kincs- 
LeY Christm, Day 13 Beetles drone along the hollow lane. 


DRONISH. 


2. trans. To utter or emit in a dull, monotonous 
tone. Also with owt. 

1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair 1. iii, A dry grace, as long as 
a table cloth, and droan’d out by thy sonne. 1789 Mrs. 
Piozzi Fourn, France Il. 352 A..German organ droning 
its dull round of tunes. 1860 THackERAy Round, Papers, 
Week's Hol. 203 Penitents..droning their dirges. 

+ 3. [f Drone 50.4] To smoke (a pipe) (ludi- 
crously compared to playing on a bagpipe). Ods. 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hume. ww. iti, His villanous 
Ganimede and he ha’ been droning a tobacco pipe there 
ever sin’ yesterday noone. 1609 — S7/. Wom. iv. i, As he 
lyes on his backe droning a tobacco pipe. 

Drone, z.” Also 6 drane. [f. Drone sé.1] To 
act or behave like a drone bee. 

l. intr. To proceed in a sluggish, lazy, or 
indolent manner. Also Zo drone it. 

1509-1680 [see Droninc ffl. a. 2). 1711 PuckLe Club § 606. 
112 ‘lo which Hive every one, Bee-like, Should bring honey, 
and not Drone it upon the heroick labour of others. 1858 
W. Jounson /onica 87 My soul went droning through the 
hours. 1891 M. E. Witkins Humble Rom., 2 Old Lovers 49 
‘The business was not quite as wide-awake and vigorous 
as when in its first youth; it droned a little now. ; 

2. trans. To pass away, drag out, spend (life, 
time) indolently and sluggishly. 

1739 Westry IHks. (1872) 1. 180 One that drones away 
life, without ever labouring. 1843 Lytron Last Bar. 1. iil, 
To..drone out manhood in measuring cloth. 1876 C. M. 
Davies Unorth, Lond. 361 Gentlemen who merely drone 
away existence.in a daésser-adler kind of way. 

+ Dronel, Dronet. (és. [deriv. of Dronz 
56.1: perh. one form is an error.} = Drone 56.1 

1575 Appius & Virg. in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 151 That 
dronel, that drousy drakenosed drivel. 1583 Stuspes Anat. 
albus. To Rdr. (1877) 11 Like vnto dronets deuouring the 
sweet honie of the poore labouring bees. 

Droner (dra""na1). [f. Drone v.1+-ER1.] One 
who drones. ‘fa. One who plays on a drone or 
bagpipe. Oés. b. One who emits a monotonous 
sound ; a monotonous speaker or reader, 

a31547 Privy Purse Exp. Hen. V/1I, Yo a droner that 
played on the drone 1 1784 Laura & Augustus I, 127 
Enough to have awakened the suspicions of any man 
except such an old droner, 1859 Sara Tw. round Clock 
(1861) 109, I am tempted..to summon the aid of the police, 
and to give one of the grinders, howlers, or droners in 
charge. 1893 R. I. Horton Verbum Dei vi. 187 Mere 
droners..or reciters..of words which are merely traditional. 

Drong. a/. Also drang. [f. ablaut stem 
of dring, s. w. form of Turinc, OE. Jringan to 
press, compress.] A narrow Jane or passage. 

1787 GrosE Prov. Gloss., Drang, a narrow lane or passage. 
Devonsh, 1830 Ment. Gentlewoman of Old School, Each.. 
opening into a different street, or, I should rather say, lane; 
indeed, one was denominated a drang. 1863 Barnes Dorset 
Gloss., Drong or Drongway, a narrow way between two 
hedges or walls. 1880-88 Jiest Cornwall Gloss. & IV. 
Somerset Word-bk., Drang, Drang-way. 1888 1. Harvy 
Wessex T. (1889) 161 Accessible for vehicles and live-stock 
by a side ‘drong’. 

Drongo (drpngo). Ornith. [a. Malagasy dvongo 
(Brisson Ornithol. 1760).] 

1. A name originally belonging to a Madagascar 
bird, Decrurus (Edolius) forficatus; thence ex- 
tended to other species of Décrzrus, and in a wide 
sense to the numerous African and Indian species 
of Décruride, also called Drongo-shrikes. 

1841 Penny Cycl. XX1. 416 The Drongos. .are fly-catching 
birds. /ézd., The Dicrurine or Drongo shrikes of Le 
Vaillant. 1894 Naturalist on Prowl 178 The ever-changing 
. notes of the Racket-tailed Drongo. 

2. Drongo cuckoo, a species of the cuckoo genus 
Surniculus, a native of Nepaul. 

Droning (drd"nin), vl. sd. 
and 2 + -1nG!.] 

1, Continued monotonous emission of sound, as 
of buzzing or humming; monotonous talk. 

1704 Swirt Mech. Operat. Spirit ii. Wks. 1778 11. 20 Cant 
and droning supply the place of sense and reason. 1878 
H. M. Stantey Dark Cont. xviii. 507 The monotonous 
droning of the one-stringed guitar, 1894 Froupe Erasmus 
vii, 113 Mere sounds like the dronings of a barrel-organ. 

2. Lazy, indolent inaction. 

1825 in Brockett WV. C. Gloss. 

Dro‘ning, #//. 2. [-1nc?.] That drones. 

1. [f. Drove v.!] Emitting a dull, monotonous 
sound; having a monotonous tone or utterance. 

r6or ? Marston Pasguil § Kath. 1. i. 315 Along with me 
then, you droning Sagbut! 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 
89 Mix with tinkling Brass, the Cymbals droning Sound. 
1750 Gray Elegy ii, Save where the beetle wheels his 
droning flight. 1858 Cartyie Fredk. Gi, (1865) I. 1. v. 45 
The endless droning eloquence of Bishops. __ . 

2. [f Drone v.2] Lazy, indolent, inactive, listless. 

1g0g Barctay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 186 Slouth and 
wretchyd Idylnes By wayes remys and dranynge neglygence, 
1680 DryDEN Sf. friar u. ii, A long restive race of dron- 
ing kings. 1841-4 Emerson Zss., Compensation Wks. 
(Bohn) I. 46 The droning world. e 

Hence Dro‘ningly adv., in a droning manner. 

1887 Advance (Chicago) 6 Oct. 630 If he could..read it 
freshly like a book, not droningly and dully like a portion 
of the Bible. 1892 Lowe in Harper's Mag. June 78/2 
That droningly dreary book the Mirror for Magistrates. 

Dronish (dro“nif), a. [f. Drone sd.1+-1sH.] 
Of the nature of a drone or male bee; living on 
another’s labour ; lazy, indolent, sluggish, inactive. 


[f. Drone z.1 


DRONISHLY. 


1580 E. Knicur 7rial Truth 37 (T.) Good travelling bees 
..more profitable than the dronish ones. 7 J: ‘TAyLor 
(Water P.) Laugh § be fat 40 Wks. 1. 76/2 Each lumpish 
asse, and dronish ie. 1714 Rowe Fane Gray u. i, 
The Dronish Monks, the Scorn and Shame of Manhood. 
a 1845 Hoop /rish Schoolm. xxix, Some dronish Dominie. 

Hence Dro'nishly adv., Dro‘nishness. 

1731 in Bartey (both words’. _17§3 Ess. on Action proper 
for Pulpit 63 (L.) Flaccid dronishness of gesture. 

nk, obs. f. drank, drunk: see DRINK v. 

Dronkelew : see DRUNKELEW. - 

Dronken, obs. f. DRuNKEN. 

Dronkle : see DRENKLE. 

Dronscellett, slade, var. DRUMSLADE, Ods. 

|| Dronte (drgnt). Ods. [Du. and Fr. dronte.] 
A name of the Dopo, q. v. 

Drony (dré™ni), a! [f. Drone sd.1 + -x1.] 
Having the characteristics of a drone; sluggish. 

ee in Boswell Zi/ (1831) V. 3 To restrain a man 
from drony solitude and useless retirement. 1794 Mrs. 
Piozzt Synon. 1. 169 Some stupid books were to be read 
by drony souls with a uniform monotony of voice, 

Drony, 2.2 [f. Drone sb.2+-y1.] | Character- 
ized by a drone or monotonous tone, hum, or buzz. 

1824 Body & Soul (ed. 4) 1. 93 The bats were wheeling 
their drony flights. 1837 Alackw. Mag. XLII. 25 A couple 
of desperate Dutch prosers .. kept up a steady, drony hum 
between them. 1869 Lowett Cathedral Poet. Wks. 1890 
IV. 52 That drony vacuum of compulsory prayer. 

Droof(e, obs. form of drove: see DRIVE v. 

Drook, var. spelling of Drovuk z. 

Drool (dri), v. dial. and U.S. [Contracted 
form of Drivet v.] =Drivet v., in various senses. 

1847-78 Hatiiwetr, rool, to drivel. Somerset 1854 
Tuoreau Walden iv. (1886) 124 [A frog] with his chin upon 
a heart-leaf, which serves for a napkin to his drooling chaps. 
a 1860 T. Parker in Dean Lie (1877) 159 (D.) His mouth 
drooling with texts. 1878 A. Hamitton Nerz. Dis. 290 
There may be drooling of saliva and other indications of 
bulbar degeneration. ai J. D. Loxe Aincid im. 803 
Blood and morsels soaked in blood and wine Did drool. 
1880 I’. Cornwall Gloss., Drule, to drivel. 

Droop (dr/p), v. Forms: 3-4 drupe, 4 drope, 
4-6 droupe, drowp/e, 6 Sc. drup, 6-7, (9 dial.) 
droup, 6- droop. [ME. drupe-n, drowfe-n, a. 
ON. dripa to droop, hang the head, ete., deriv. 
wk. vb. f. ablaut series dreup-, druup-, drup-: see 
etymological note to Drop sé] 

1. ¢ntr. To hang or sink down, as from weari- 
ness or exhaustion; to bend, incline, or slope 
downward. Of the eyes: To be bent downward, 
with the eyelids lowered. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 16064 Iesus stode als a lambe, His hefde 
druppand [v. xr. drupand, droupande] dun, ¢ 1386 CHavcer 
Prol. 107 Hise arwes drouped noght with fetheres lowe. 
1593 SHAKs. 2 //en. I/, 11. iil. 45 Pus droupes this loftie 
Pyne, and hangs his sprayes. 1602 Marston Ant & Mel. 
u. Wks. 1856 I. 26 He is the flagging’st bulrush that ere 
droopt With each slight mist of raine. 1709 STEELE 7atler 
No. 7 ? 16 The Bridegroom's Feathers in his Hat all 
drooped. 1858 A. W. Drayson Sporting S. Africa 64 The 
elephant..male twelve feet high, droops towards the tail. 
1865 Dickens Mut, Fr, in. v, Bella's eyes drooped over 
her book. 

2. To sink, go down, descend. Now only foet. ; 
of the sun, day, etc.: to decline, draw to a close. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 9447 Er 1 degh, or droupe in-to helle. 
Ibid. 1c407 Pe day wex dym, droupit pe sun. 1590 SHaAks. 
Mids. N. ut. ii. 357 The starrie Welkin couer thou anon 
With drooping fogge. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. x1. 178 Laborious 
tilday droop. 1827 Sueciry Rev. /slamt 1. x. 5 The Eagle 
..as if it failed Drooped through the air. 1873 Brack /’”. 
Thule xxvii. 452 The evening wore on, and the sun drooped 
in the west. 

+3. To sink out of sight; to crouch or cower 
down ; to lie hidden. Ods. 

c 1420 Anturs of Arth, iv, The dere in the dellun, Thay 
droupun and daren. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 133/2 Drowpyn, 
or prively to be hydde. ¢ 1450 HENryson Pat. Cres. (R.), 
His eien drouped hole sonken in his heed. 1470-85 Macory 
Arthur xx. xix, Here ben knyghtes .. that wyl not longe 
droupe, & they are within these walles. 

4. To decline in vital strength and energy; to 
sink in physical exhaustion, languish, flag. 

c1400 Destr, Troy 122 Eson,.Endured his dayes drowp- 
ynge in age. a eed 0 Alexander 734° She..drowpys doun 
in swone. 1§00-20 Dunbar Poems xiii. 420, 1 drup with a 
ded luke. 1 Dampier Voy. I. xviii. 524 We had not been 
at Sea long, before our men began to droop, in a sort of 
distemper that stole insensibly on them. 1709 SrreLe 
Tatler No. 31 ® 3 ‘This great Hero drooped like a scabbed 
Sheep. 1846 Dickens in Daily News (1896) 14 Feb., When 
our poor infants droo; 

b. transf. and he. To flag, fail, decay. 

1§77 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 34 The faith of Abraham 
began not to droope. 1607 Dekker & Wesster Northw. 
Hoe 1. D.'s Wks. 1873 III. 4 The towne droopt ever since 
the peace in Ireland. a 1618 RaveiGu Rem. (1644) 198 For 
the encrease and Ss Merchants, which now droop 
and daily decay. 1880 Bon. Price in Fraser's Mag. May 
678 Trade languishes. .the rate of interest droops. 

5. To flag in spirit or courage; to become de- 
jected, dispirited, or despondent. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4460 Sir, we are be droupander [cx 
Fairf, we droupe be mare), For tua sueuens wesagh, .tonight. 
€1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810)252 He drouped perfore doune, 
& said be lond were schent. ¢ 1380 Sir Ferumd. 1103 Pan set 
he him doun drurymode ; & —— for hure sake. ¢1460 
Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 223, I dre, I drowpe, I dare in 
drede. 1§13 Dovctas neis 1. Prol. 158 To droup like 


‘ 


678 


a fordullit as. 1633, P. Frercuer Poet. Misc. 86 Why 
droop'st, my soul? Why faint’st thou in my breast? 1709 
Steere Zatder No. 159 ® 5 Must my Terentia droop under 
the Weight of Sorrow? [see Droorinc AAz. a. 3). 

6. ¢rans. To let hang or sink down; to bend or 
incline downwards; to cast down, lower, turn 
towards the ground (the eyes or face). 

_ 1583 Stanynurst nets 1. (Arb.) 33 Thee Godes hard lour- 
ing to the ground her phisnomye drowped. 1591 SHaks. 
1 Hen. VJ, u. v. 12 A withered Vine, That droupes his 
sappe-lesse Branches to the g d. 1602 Marston An- 
tonio's Rev. w. v, He droopes his eye. 1796 Morse Amer. 
Geog. 11. 34 [The reindeer] resembles the stag, only it some- 
what droops the head, Tennyson Eleanore vi, 1 
cannot veil, or droop my sight. Y i 

(ed. 6) 64 The shears being a , shift the. . blocks. 

+ b. nonce-use with out: ‘To express by drooping. 
1605 7ryall Chev. w. i. in Bullen O. PZ. (1884) IIL. 31 
Why wither not these trees .. And every neighbour tench 

droup out their grief? 
c. To cause to drop, fell, lay low. 

1819 B. Cornwatt Dram. Scenes, Rape Proserpine, 
And if the woodman’s axe should droop the tree The wood- 
bine too must perish, 

Droop (drip), sd. [f. Droop v.] The act or 
fact of drooping ; drooping action or condition ; 
downward bend or sinking. 

1647 H. More Song of Soud 1. 11. xxv, Get up out of thy 
drowsie droop. 1852 Miss Yonce Cameos (1877) 1. xxviil. 
226 His only blemish a droop of the left eyelid. 1853 Sir H. 
Doveias Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 375 ‘The droop of the chain 
is 14 feet. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. xxx. 409 The droop 
of the shoulders. 1874 Forster Dickens i el Ed.) 

14 Such indications of a droop in his invention. 1883 
Srevenson 7reas. /s/. xxiii, Singing a..droning sailor's 
song, with a droop and a quaver at the end of every verse. 

Droop, @. vave. Also 6 drup, droup, drowp. 
[The stem of Droop z. used adjectively.] = Droop- 
ING ffl. a. 

The 13th c. instances are doubtful; they may be for 
drupiest from drupi, Droory. 

(a 122g St. Marher. 16, 1... diueri ant darie drupest alre 
binge. a@zazg Leg. Kath. 2050 Druicninde & dreori, & 
drupest alre monne.] 1508 Dunspar 7a Mariit Wemen 
192 Into derne, at the deid, he salbe drup [z.7. droup] fundin. 
Ibid. 370 Eftir dede of that drupe, that docht nought in 
chalmir. %16.. Laird o' Laminton xiii. in Child Ballads 
vit. ccxxi. (1890) 220/2 Droop and drowsie was the blood. 
1852 Meanderings of Mem. P. 87 In the droop ash shade. 

c. esp. in parasynthetic combs., as droop-headed, 
-nosed, etc. 

1737 Bracken Farriery Jntpr. (1757) U1. 29 If it [the 
Croupe] fall too hastily, the Horse is said to be droop-arsed. 
a 8ar Keats Ode to Melanch. 13 The droop-headed flowers. 
188: A. J. Evans in Macm. Mag. XLIII. 228 The.. fine 
aquiline nose which distinguish{es] these Serbian moun- 
taineers from their droop-nosed lowland kinsmen. 

Drooped (dript), Af/. a. [f. Droop v. + -ED.] 
Bent downward ; downcast; depressed. 

1 Miss Broucuton Nancy II. 13 With drooped figure 
..and swollen face. 1885 TeNNyson Balin & Balan, Now 
with droopt brow down the long glades he rode. 189 
H. Herman //is Angel 72 With drooped eyes, and a face 
to which a hot blush was rising. : 

+ Broopen, droupne, v. Ols. [Extended 
form of Droop z. with suffix -EN 5, as ifrepr.an ON, 
*driipna.] = Droop vz. 5. 

a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2048 (MS. Cott.) Aladeadet, drupninde 
& dreri. azago Sawiles Warde in Cott. Hom. 259 Godd 
iseh ow offruhte ant sumdel drupnin of pat fearlac talde of 
dead. a1300 ody & Soul 1 in Map’s Poems (Camden) (MS. 
Vern.] Als ich lay in Winteres niht, In a droupnynge [47S. 
Auch, droupening) to fore the day. a1310 in Wright Lyric 
P. xvi. 54 For hire love y droupne ant dare. ne Cursor 
M. 12625 (Trin.) Wip heuy hert & droupenyng chere. 

. [f. Droop v. + -ER!.] One that 
droops ; t one whose energy or spirit fails. 

1586 Stanynurst Ded. to Sir H. Sidney in Holinshed 
Chron. 11. 80 If the historian .. be pleasant, he is noted for 
a jester; if he be grave, he is reckoned for a drooper. 
FuLLeR P saa Man's Fun, 21 Let such droopers know, that 
. they offend God, 1657 G. Hutcnrson Zxfos. John xiv. 15 
A..cure, which cannot be expected 4 lazie drowpers. 

Drooping (dripin), vd/. sb. [f. Droor v. + 
-1nG1,] The action or state expressed by the verb 
Droop; /¢, downward hang or depression ; /ig. 
falling off, pining away ; dejection. : 

13.. Gaw. § Gr. Knit, 1748 He watz in drowping de 
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 3291 Sobbyng vofaire .. with drouping 
on nightes. 1657 Kosten Fruit Trees 1. 160 To support 


drooping, hanging down, or manner. 
1601 Deacon & WaLkER Answ. to Darel 200 To support 
our feeble hands which hang so drowpii 1814 
Byron Lara u. xv, That hand, so rai: Soopingty © 
hung! 1852 Hawrnorne Blithedale Rom. xiii, stood 
droopingly in the midst of us. 


mor enone. te as prec, +-NESS.] Droop- 


83S, J. Havwarp tr. Biondi’s Banish’d Virg. 220 The 
ckles of that i i 1864 Neate 
Seaton. Poems 66 Where lilies hang In silver droopingness. 

Droopy (dripi), a. Forms: 3 drupie, 6 
droupy, -ie, droopie, 6- droopy. [Early ME. 
drupi, referred to Droop v., but perh. repr. an ON. 
* drupag-, f. drupr drooping spirits, faintness.] 
Dejected, sad, gloomy, drooping. 

@ 1225 Ancr. R. 88 [He] maked drupie chere. a 1240 Lof- 
song in Cott. Hom. 205 Sumehwile to pleiful, to drupi 
oder hwiles. ?23.. M/S. Cantab. Ff. 11. 38. 245 (Halliw.) 
Sche fonde the lady alle drupy, Sore wepyng and s' e 
sory. 21529 SKELTON Elynour Rumming 15 Herlothy re 
is..ugly of cheere, droupy and drowsie. 1587 Gotpinc De 
Mornay iii. FH Titans golden flame That shines by Day, and 
droopie Night. 1872 Mark Twain /nnoc. Aér. it. 19 aa 
ing..droopy and woe-begone. , 

Hence Droopiness, tendency to hang down. 

1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 870 Maiden, the sleepy 
richness of whose eyes, and the dowdy droopiness of whose 
t , indi serious plativeness, 

Drop (drgp), s+. Forms: 1 dropa, 2-7 drope, 
4-7 droppe, 3-- drop (5 droupe, 6— Sc. drap). 
[In I. repr. OE. drofa wk. masc. = OS. dropo 


(MDu. droffe, Du. drop), OHG. it whe 
u- 


(MHG., ¢ropfe, Ger. tropfen), ON. dropi ( 
droppe) :—OTeut. *dropon- and = f 
grade of ablaut stem dreup-, draup-, 

The affinities of the drop, dreep, drip, a droop family 
of = are here exhibited for reference their respec- 
tive ces: 

I. The one strong vb.: OTeut. *dreup-, draup-, 
drup-; in ON. drjipa (Sw. drypa), OHG. triofan (Ger. 
triefen), OS. driopan, OF. d: » ME. drepe, Dreer v. 

If. From au- grade : Causal *draupjan; in ON. a 
oo troufen, OS. *drépian, OE. *drtepan, dripan, ME. 

RIPE . 

III. From #- grade: ON. drifrsb. ; d: vb. (:—"dritpe-, 
corresp. to a Gothic *driifan, -aida), ME. droupen, Droor 
v., also Droop a, and sé., Drooren v. 

IV. From w- grade: 1. "di - sb. (pre-Teut. *dhrubén-), 
in ON. drofi, OHG. troffe, OS. dropo, OE. dropa, Dror 
sh, Thence *dropdjan, OF. dropian, Dror v, *drup- 
Jan, in OE, dryppan, ME. dryppe, Driv v. 

2. i ome, originating in assimilation of pre-Teut. -d2 
to -66, OTeut. Af, in sb. *dhrubd(n, gen. dhrubnds, assimi- 
lated dhrubdbds, in OTeut. *dropd(n, “aA whence, | 
levelling, “drape in OHG. tropfo, OF. *droppa, M 
droppe: see Dror sb. From *droppdjan, OHG. 
tropfin, OE. droppian, Dror v. *druppjan, in ON. 
*dryppa, Da. dryppe: see Dar v.) 

I. The ori; I sb. * Pri’ Sense. 

1. The smallest quantity of liquid that falls or de- 
taches itself, or is wainpe in a spherical or pear- 
shaped form; a globule of liquid. 

c Bas Vesp. Psalter xiiv. 9 [xlv.8] Myrre & 
Ags. Gosp. Luke xxii. 44 And his swat was swylce 
pan [Lindis/, G. dr Hatton dropen) on eordan yrnende. 
c1c0o Sax. Leechd. deay hms on pba eazan anne 
dropan. axzaag Ancr. RX, 184 Nout so muche ase a lutel 
deawes drope azean pe brode see. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 560 
An vewe dropes of reine per velle. a 1300 /ragm. Pop. Sc. 
(Wright) 213 If hit is we an hes the dropen falleth to 
snowe. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xin. xxiv. (1495) 
456 A droppe is callyd S¢é//a while it fallith, and gut/a 
Thile it stondyth or hangyth. c¢ 1400 Destr, 443 3320 
Elan. .driet the dropis of hir dregh teris. W. Furxe 
Meteors (1640) 49 b, Why raine falleth in round 
Drypen eantoare, i. 750 On his a ay 77 ve 
clammy preps Ss. 1831 Brewster Oftics xxxii. 265 
Drops of rain, = know to be small spheres. 
Bower & Scorr De Bary's Phaner. 145 The hypoderma 
layer of tissue containing drops of oil resin. 

b. fig. Of things immaterial. 
oi Fiemine Panopt. Epist. 94 To instill sweete d 
into 


© 1000 
dro- 


weatin 


the people of God ag discourag' and drooping 
2026 Brnon Dream vy, An unquiet drooping of the eye, 

attrib. 19x Suaxs. 1 Hen. IJ, 1. v.5 When saplesse Age 
. Should bring thy Father to his drooping Chaire. 


 fpl.a. [f. Droop v. +-1NG 2] 

1, Hanging or bending down; descending, de- 
clining. In names of plants = L. sautans, 

1590 [see Droor v. 2]. ¢ x600 Suaks. Sonnets xxvii. 7 Kee 
my drooping eyelids open wide, 1633 P. Frercner Purple 
/st. xxxvul. xi, Hang down her drooping head. » 
Witnertnc Brit. Plants 1. 14 ew 4 stems entirely 
drooping. 1827 Kesie Chr. Y. ond Sund. Advent ii, Why 
lifts the Church her drooping head? 1861 M 
Flower, Pl. V. 275 Drooping Star of Bethlehem. 1878 
Britten Plant-n., Drooping ulip, #ritillaria Me . 

2. Declining from vigour, prosperity, ete. ; failing, 
decaying, flagging. ‘ 

T. Witson Ret. 31 b, He that is so sower of witte, 
and so drowpyng of braine. 1576 FLeminc Panofl, Epist. 
210 Overburthened with drooping old age. | Gentil. 
Mag. 17 Drooping cattle .. recover’d to their health. 1885 
Manch. Exam. 3 June 5/3 Inthe face of a drooping market, 


lation, your heart wounded with angui: Be 
ust Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 1. i. 319 1 have 
them pritilie with the drops of my bountie. @ 1687 WALLER 
\ mirii y shade, Those little drops of 
tg 1784 ver Zask 1. 46 To preserve thy sweets 
nmix’d with drops of bitter, Browninc La Saisias 
51 Life’s loss drop by drop distilled. 
e. Drop serene, transl. of L. gutta serena, an 
old name for the disease of the eye called amaurosis. 
anh, Messen Be, mas 5 teers, dee ones Me 
tt - 4 . 
term ‘ Drop Serene’ of our own 
2. edlipt. or absolutely; =tear-drop; also drop 
of sweat, blood, dew, rain, according to context. 


cx000 Azariah 64 in Exeter Bh.,_ on sumeres tid 
sended weorped dropena dreorung mid dages hwile. ¢ 
Destr. Troy Acnite .rnae in yre.. That 
drow nie ttn bid. 9216 He dride vp 
his dropes for dymyng his ene. Suaxs. Lucr. 1228 The 
maid with s' eyne. 


‘, 


Cor. v. i. 10 Lvrg 


| 
; 
; 


} DROP. 


we haue bled together. 1620 Quartes Div. Poems, Fonah 
(1638) 6 Tradesmen arise, and plie your thriving shops With 
truer hands, and eate your meat with drops. a 1657 Love- 
LAcE Poets (1864) 157 One drop, let fall From her, might 
save the universal ball. 1719 De For Crusoe 1. xviii, They 
would be faithful to him to the last drop, 1887 Bowen ae 
Atneid 11.175 Cold drops over me streaming, I leapt forth- 
with from my > oi : - 

3. spec. In dispensing and administering medicines, 
etc., the smallest separable quantity of a liquid. 

1772 T. Percivan Ess. Med. §& Exper. (17977) I. 97 Forty 
drops of the acid of vitriol. 18rx A. T. THomson Lond. 
Disf. (1818) p. 1xxxii, The London College have introduced 
the last measure [minim] as a substitute for the drop, the 
inaccuracy of which had been ry experienced; as the 
fluidity and specific gravity of the liquid, the thickness of 
the lip of the phial, and even its degree of inclination, were 
all liable to vary its size. 1822-34 Goon Study Med. (ed. 4) 
1. 344 Twenty drops of turpentine, with four black drops, 
were given every four hours. 3 

4. gl. A medicinal preparation to be taken or 
administered in drops. Rarely szmg. 

1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 47 Adding some of the chymical 
Drops into any liquid she shall drink. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cych, Gutte Anglicanz, English drops, volatile English 
drops, or Goddard's drops, a name of a medicinal liquor. 
1728 Swier Frul. Mod. Lady 205 Here, Betty, let me take 
my drops. 1810 Craspe Borough vii. Wks. 1834 ILL. 133 
Tincture or syrup, lotion, drop or pill. 

** The amount of a drop, a very small quantity. 

5. Such a quantity as would fall in, or form, a 
single drop; the smallest appreciable quantity. 

cr1ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 100/290 Nou3t o drope of blode. 
@1300 Cursor M. 16814+39 Pen mizt pei .. More blode 
fynd none, But pat sely drope pat was In his hert. c¢ 1400 


anfranc’s Cirurg. 124 Pei comaunden to drynke a drope 
of water, xg8r Pertie tr. Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. u. (1586) 


104 b, Writers: who, with one drop or two of inke, may 
prolong our life. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind.g Aman 
may as well steal all one’s money, as a fs of Water from 
anyone. 1786 Burns Sc, Drink vii, His wee drap parritch, 
1798 CoteripcE Ac. Mar. u. ix, Water, water, everywhere, 
or any drop to drink. 1816 Keatince Trav. (1817) I. 163 
Suspected of a drop of Moorish blood in their composition. 
b. A drop in the (a) bucket or the ocean: a 
quantity bearing an infinitesimally small propor- 
tion to the whole. 
1382 WycuirF /sa. xl. 15 Lo! Jentilesas a drope of a boket, 
as moment of a balaunce ben holden. 1611 7d7¢., The 
nations are as a drop of a bucket. 1693 W. Frexe Sed. Ess. 
xxxiii. 206 The Invisible, Infinite and Eternal Maker of all 
things .. to whom the Whole Globe is but as a drop of the 
Bucket. 1844 Dickens Cr. C. i, The dealings of my trade 
were but a drop of water in the. .ocean of my business. 
6. spec. A small quantity of drink or intoxicating 
liquor. Zo have a drop in one’s eye: to show signs 
of having had a glass. 70 take one’s drops: to 


drink hard, to tipple. 


ay B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Drop-in-his-eye, almost 
drunk, 1738 Swirt Pod. Conv. i. Wks. 78 X. 159 You must 
own you a drop in your eye ; When I left you, you were 


half seas over. 1775 Sir M. Hunter ¥rnd. (1894) 21 The 
captain’s servant. .liked a drop as well as his master. ¢ 1793 
Spirit Pub. Frnis. (1799) I. 10 If I like any drop—but a drop 
in my eye. 1828 Craven Dial., Drops, ‘to take one’s drops,’ 
to drink hard, applied to one who drinks spirits. 1886 
Stevenson Pr. Otto 1. iv, I have hada drop, but I had not 
been drinking. 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge (Tauchn.) II. 
xi, 119, I went to the Chequers and. had a drop too much. 

7. transf. and LE. A minute quantity, portion, or 
particle of anything immaterial. 

¢1398 Cuaucer Fortune 58 I the lente a drope of my 

chesse. *433 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1v. xx. 66 Is 
there in the no drope of kyndenesse. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 
u. ii, 195 Take paine To allay with some cold drops of 
modestie Thy skipping spirit. ee Wackincton Of¢. Glass 
xii. (1664) 131 Having a drop of Words, and a floud of 
Cogitations. 1813 Byron Giaour 263 Gather in that drop 
of time A life of pain, an age of crime. 

8. An obsolete Scotch weight, = #4 of an ounce. 

In the Scottish Troy or Dutch weight = 29-722 troy grains; 
in Scottish Tron weight = 37-588 troy grains (the pound of 16 
oz. being in the former=7609 gr., in the latter 9622-6 gr.). 

1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 35, Xj 
spoones, Scots worke, weghtan xiij unce iij dropes. 167 
Acc. Bh. Sir F. Foulis(1894)14 Aquech weighting 18 unce and 
todrop, 1805 Forsytu Beauties Scot?. 1,78 Archers consider 
an arrow of from 20 to 24 drop weight to be the best for flight. 

*** Something like a drop in appearance. 

+9. A spot of colour (like the mark or stain of 
a drop) ; also fig., spot, stain. Ods. 

1420 Pallad. on Husb, v1. 236 O Sone of God allone, 
O Sapience, O Hope, of synys drope or fraude immuyn. 
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VI/I, 80 The other all blacke, 
dropped wt silver dropp rd Topsett Four. Beasts 
(1658) 91 Their belly is parted with black strakes and drops. 
1674 N. Cox Gentil. Recreat. 11. (1677) 213 The points and 
extremities of their Feathers full of white drops. 

10. Applied to various objects resembling a drop 
of liquid in size, shape, or pendent character. 

a. A pendant of metal or precious stone, as 
an ear-drop; a glass pendant of a chandelier, etc. 
1s02 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 21 Spangelles 
settes..sterrys dropes and_pointes .. for isshing of 
jakettes. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1750/4 A pair of Diamond 
PS engqenaen with Roses, and Knots and ‘Dives 1725 Dr For 

Oy. 
fine drop. 1861 Macm. Mag. Jan. 186 (Hoppe) Cut drops 
of aglass chandelier, 1885 Scribner's Mag. XXX. 728/1 
A large silver urn bedecked with the drop-and-garland of 
Queen Anne’s time. 


b. Arch. (pl.) The frusta of cones used under 
the triglyphs in the architrave of the Doric Order 


World (1840) 140 A pair of ear-rings..with a . 


679 


below the tenia; also in the under part of the 
mutuli or modillions, (L. gutte.) (Gwilt.) 

1696 Puituirs (ed. 5), Drofp ..an Ornament in the Pillars 
of the Doric Order, underneath the Triglyphs; represent- 
ing Dropps or little Bells. 

ce. Naut. See quot. 

3850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 Drops are .. small 

foliages of carved-work in the stern-munnions. 
+d. Small shot. Cf. also dvop-shot in 23. Obs. 

1752 Maccott in Scots Mag. Aug. (1753) 397/2' The..gun.. 
was charged with powder and small drops. 1825-80 JAMIESON 
s.v. Draps, Lead draps, small shot of every description. 

e. A lozenge or sugar-plum, originally of 
spherical form, but now of various shapes. 

1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz, Astleys, Ma, in the openness of 
her heart, offered the governess an acidulated drop. 185 
Offic. Catal, Gt, Exhib, 1. 202 Fancy chocolate in drops. 

f. Name of a variety of plum, gooseberry, etc. 

1883 G. ALLEN in Colin Clout's Cal. 197 Orleans plums, 
and golden drops, which differ. .in their fruit. 

g. Applied to flowers with pendent blossoms, as 
the fuchsia (dzad.), and in comé., as snow-drop. 

1664 Evetyn Aad, Hort. (1729) 226 December .. Flowers 
in Prime .. Snow-flowers or Drops, Yucca, etc. 1892 Vor- 
thumbld. Gloss., Drops, the common name for fuchsia, 

h. (Prince) Ruperts Drops: see quots. 

1662 Merrett tr. Neri’s Art of Glass 353 An Account of 
the Glass drops. These Drops were first brought into 
England by His Highness Prince Rupert out of Germany. 
1753 CHAMBERS Cyd. Supp., Rupert's Drops, a sort of glass 
drops with long and slender tails, which burst to pieces, on 
the breaking off those tails in any parts. 1833 N. Arnorr 
Physics (ed. 5) 11. 1. 24 A toy called a Prince Rupert’s Drop 
(a pear-shaped lump of glass with a slender stalk). 

+11. A disease: in quot. 1559 (and prob. in 
¢ 1000) gout. (=med.L. gutta, F. gortte.) Obs. 

ex000 Sax. Leechd. 1. 236 Heo ale yfel blod and pene 
dropan zewyldeb. /é/d. 376 Wid fot adle, and wid done 
dropan nim datulus. x MorwyneG ELvonym. 241 This 
.. cureth all scabbednes and the drop. /é/d., Sod with bran 
and drunnken it driveth away all droppes. 

II. Secondary sb., f. Drop v. * The action. 


12. The action or an act of dropping, in various 


Senses, e.g. the fall of a minute particle of liquid ; 


an abrupt and clear fall or vertical descent in space ; 
decided descent professionally or socially: see 
evb. ‘+ 70 give one the drop: to give one the 
slip (ods.). 

637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph.1. ii, My slow drop of tears. 
x Mrs. Centiivre Busie Body ut. v, Vil give him the 
drop, and away to Guardian’s, and find it out. 1832 W. IrvinG 
Alhambra 1. 288 The..fountain with its eternal drop-drop 
and splash-splash. 185r MayHew Lond. Labour (1861) IIL. 

(Hoppe), I. .began pitching in the street. I didn’t much 
Tike it, after being a regular performer, and looked upon it 
as a drop. 1855 Browninc By Fireside xi, The drop of 
the woodland fruit’s begun These early November hours. 
1884 Pall Mall G. 28 Aug. 5/1 The force of gravity, which 
has far greater influence than any other in determining the 
course of the bullet, and is called ‘the drop’ of the bullet 

b. slang. Cf. drop-cove, drop-game in 23. 

1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v.. The game of ring- 
dropping is called the dof, 1823 in Grose. 

¢@. With adverbs, as drop iz (see Drop v. 27), 
drop out (see quot.). 

1819 Metropolis 1. 234 D-s-y gave us a drop in for a few 
minutes, just long enough to be perceived. 1882 Drop out 
[see Drop-xick]. 1 Laws of Football 3 Drop-out isa 
drop-kick from within 25 yards of the kicker’s goal line. 
1896 Durham Univ. Frnt. 2t Mar. 69 The drop-out was 
well followed up. 

3. fig. A sheer fall or descent in anything 
measured by a scale; e.g. in prices, values, atmo- 
spheric pressure, temperature, etc. 

1847-78 HattiweELL, Drof, a reduction of wages. 1883 
Daily News 12 July 3/5 A portion of the hands .. have 
abided by the agreement and gone in again at the drop. 
1884 Manch. Exam. 29 Oct. 4/4 Owing to the drop in ex- 
changes and higher rates of discount. od. There has been 
a great drop in the temperature since yesterday morning. 

14. Zo get (have) the drop on (U.S.): to get 
(have) a person at a disadvantage; or7g. to have 
the chance to shoot before the antagonist can use 
his weapon. 

1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 208/1 The men..were always 
waiting to ‘get the drop’ on somebody. 1884 U.S. Nezs- 
paper, The Sheriff and his deputies. .having the drop on 
the outlaw he surrendered quietly. 1893 McCartuy Red 
Diamonds 11. 27 It was my own fault for letting them get 
the chance to have the drop on me. 

15. The act of dropping or giving birth to young; 
the produce so dropped. 

1891 Australasian 320/4 The bulk [of the lambs] consisted 
of this season’s drop. 

** That which drops or is used for dropping. 

16. In a theatre: The painted curtain let down 
between the acts of a play to shut off the stage 
from the view of the audience; also called act 
drop, and (less technically) drop-curtain, 

I Suermpan Critic u, ii, The carpenters say, that 
unless there is some business put in here before the drop, 
they shan’t have time to clear away the fort. 1859 Sara 
Gaslight § D. ii, 21 Long cylinders, or rollers, used for 
‘drops’, 1896 C. Wynpuam in Daily News 2 May 8/2 
The curtain which will fall to-night upon the drama. . will 
not be a final curtain, but only an act drop serving to divide 
one section of a career, one stage of friendship from the next. 

17. A small platform or trap-door on the gallows, 
on which the condemned stands with the halter 


DROP. 


round his neck, and which is let fall from under 
his feet. 

1796 Grose Dict, Vuly. T. s.v., The new drop; a contriv- 
ance for executing felons at Newgate. 18r0 BENTHAM Pack- 
ing \1821) 121 The New Drop. 1813 Examiner 18 Jan. 43/2 
The drop fell. They were executed in their irons, 1843 Sir P. 
LauvriE in Croker Papers(1884) III. xxiii. 15 The first attempt 
at something like a drop in hanging criminals was at the 
execution of Lord Ferrers at ‘'yburn in 1760, but..it was 
not adopted as the general mode of execution till 1783, 
when ten felons were executed on the gth of December. 
for the first time in front of Newgate, on a new drop or 
scaffold hung with black, | 

18. Variously applied to things which drop 
or fall from a height, and to mechanical contriy- 
ances arranged to descend, or fall from an elevated 
position; see quots. b. A movable plate covering 
the key-hole of a lock. ce. The slit or aperture of 
a letter-box (U.S.). 

ax82z5 Foray Voc. E. Anglia, Draps, fruit in an 
orchard dropping before it is fit to be gathered. 1858 
Simmonps Dict. Trade, Drop, a machine for lowering coals 
from railway staiths into the holds of colliers. 1864 
Wesster, rop .. a contrivance for temporarily lowering 
a gas-jet. /bid. [see drop-press s.v. Drov-]. 1874 KNiGHi 
Dict. Mech., Drop, aswaging-hammer which drops between 
guides. 1879 Postal Laws & Reg. of U.S. 427 Drop, the 
opening in a post-office or mail apartment of a car for the 
mailing of letters..by the public. 1880 IV. Cornzwadd Gloss., 
Drops, window-blinds. ‘I knew he was dead—the drops 
were down’, 

*** The space, place, or part, in which there is 
a fall or vertical descent. 

19. The distance through which anything 
drops or is allowed to fall; e.g. the distance 
through which a criminal drops when hanged. 

1879 Daily Tcl. 6 Sept., I would recommend the drop to 
be no more than 2} feet with ordinary sized men, 1884 
A. Grirritus Chron, Newgate vi. 174 Sometimes the rope 
slipped, or the drop was insufficient. 1892 Lit, MW orld 
3 June 534/3 As to the length of the drop there has been 
prolonged controversy. ; 5 

O. The depth to which anything sinks or is 
sunk below the general level. 

1794 Rigging §& Seamanship \. 87 Drop of a sail, a term 
sometimes used to courses and topsails instead of depth. 
¢ 1850 Rudin. Navig. (Weale) 116 Drop, the fall or declivity 
of a deck, which is generally several inches. 1864 WEBSTER, 
Drop..the distance of a shaft below the base of a hanger. 
1884 F. J. Brivren Watch §& Clock. 143 This difference 
between the theoretical and actual width of the pallet is called 
the drop. 1889 Century Dict., Drop of stock, in firearms, 
the bend or crook of the stock below the line of the barrel, 

21, An abrupt descent or fall in the level of a 
surface. 

8ax Crare Vill, Minstr. 1. 62 The traveller from the 
mountain-top Looks down .. And meditates beneath the 
steepy drop What life and lands exist, and rivers flow. 189 
C. James Nom, Rigmarole 166 Another fence loomed ahead 
. the water meadow beyond it was at a considerably lower 
level. ‘Look out!’ cried Georgy. ‘It’s a biggish drop’! 

b. Lortification : see quot. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Drop, that part of a ditch sunk 
deeper than the rest, at the sides of a caponniere or in front 
of an embrasure. 

22. An arrangement in a genealogical table, 
whereby names belonging toa particular horizontal 
line, where there is no room for them, are carried 
lower down. Also drof-line : see DRop-. 

1888 4 thenvunt 14 Jan. 49/3 The excessive use of ‘drops’ 
may have been necessary ; we can, however, but regret the 
adoption of so distracting a system, 

III. 23. attrzb. and Comb, (See also Dropv- the 
vb.-stem.) a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of 
a drop or drops, as dvop-earring, -fall, -falling, 
-ornament, -pearl; drop-shot (sense 10d); drop- 
bottle (cf. sense 10e). b. Special comb. : drop- 
black, a superior quality of bone-black ground in 
water, formed into drops, and dried ; drop-cove 
(see quot.) ; drop-dry a., watertight ; drop-game 
(see quot. 1891) ; drop-meter, an instrument for 
measuring out liquid drop by drop; drop-sul- 
phur, drop-tin, i.e. that granulated by being 
dropped in a molten state into cold water. 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 222/1 *Drop-black and 
Indian red. 1891 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. VV. 41, I use 
drop black, as it is already mixed with water, and it is 
very hard to make the common lamp black mix, owing to 
its greasiness. 1877 W. THomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 16 
**Drop-bottles’ manufactured for holding sweetmeats of 
various kinds. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., *Drop-cove, 
a sharp who practises the game of ring-dropping. 1844 
Cospen Speeches (1878) 84 The thinly thatched roofs are 
seldom “drop-dry. 1778 Learning at a Loss 1. 17 No- 
body can appear with a Button bigger than a *Drop 
Ear-ring. 1801 Mar. EpGewortu Contrast (1832) 180 She 
wore the drop-earrings, 1382 Wyc.ir Ps, Ixiv. rr [Ixv. 10] 
In his *drope fallingus shal glade the buriounende. 1785 
Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, *Drop-game. 1891 FARMER 
Slang, Drop-game, a variety of the confidence trick :—The 
thief .. pretends to pick up (say) a pocket book (snide), 
which he induces the greenhorn to buy for cash. 1857 
Sir J. G. Wirkinson Egyptians 87 *Drop ornaments in 
necklaces. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4383/4 Lost. .two *Drop- 
Pearls, Weight 15 Carrets. 1698 /dzd. No. 3362/4 *Dro 
shot of all sizes. eo Advt. in Greener Gunnery 14 Wit 
the largest drop shot, and also with mould shot. 


Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib, 1. 122 Crude *drop Sulphur. eid 
Disp (drgp), v. Pa. t. and pple. dropped, 
dropt. Forms: 1 droppian, 2-7 droppe, 


DROP. — 


4 droupe, 4-5 drope, 5 drappe (7 fa. pple. 
droppen), 6- Sc. drap, 3- drop. [OE. dropian, 
droppian, = MDu. droppen, OHG. troffin, tropfin 
(Ger. tropfen) : see note to Dror sé.] 

I. Intransitive senses. 

1. Of a liquid: To fall in drops or globules ; to 
exude or distil in drops. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) xliv. 10 1 go and gutta, and cassia 
dropiad of pinan cladum, /éid. (Spelm.) Ixxi. 6 Swa swa 
dropan dropende (Lams, Ps. droppende) ofer ~ Me~ 
Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3884 He. .held it vp, For water sold noght 
tharon drop, 1 Wycur Ps. Ixvii{i). 9 Heuenus drop- 
= [Vulg. greta doun fro the face of God of 
Synay. c1400 Mavunpey. (Roxb.) x. 38 Apon pe roche 
dropped blode of pe woundes. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. 
Nov. 31 The kindly deaw drops from the higher tree. 1592 
Suaks. Ven. & aa 958 The crystal tide that from her two 
cheeks..dropt. 1596 Datrymece tr. Leslie's Hist, Scot. 
(1888) I. 47 A certane coue, quhairin water continualie 
drapping..turnes ina verie quhyte stane. 1659 D. Pett 
Impr. Sea 265 1t will distill and drop out of the cicatrized 
place into the vessel. Afod. The rain drops incessantly 
from the eaves. Sweat dropped from hi§ brow. 

2. Of a person or thing: To give off moisture or 
liquid which falls in drops; = Drip z. 2. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 3572 Pe nese it droppes [/ai7/. droupes} 
ai bi-tuine. 1382 Wycutr ¥od xvi. 21 My woordi frendis, 
myn e3e droppith [/x/g. stillat] to God. 1490 Caxton 
Eneydos xxviii. 107 The swerde dropped yet of bloode. 
1553 Brecon Reliques of Rome (1563) 226 If the chalice 
drop vpon the altare, let the droppe be supte vp. ned 
Dampier Voy. 1. xvili. 499 We, who were ta ping wit 
wet. 1825 Macautay £ss., Milton (1887) 14 The rabble 
of Comus, grotesque monsters, half bestial, half human, 
dropping with wine. 

b. Falconry. (see quots.) 

1615 Latuam Falconry (1633) Vocab., Dropping, is when 
a Hawke muteth directly downeward, in seuerall drops. 
1674 N. Cox Gentil. Recreat, . (1677) 167 Sliming, is 
when a Hawk muteth without dropping. 

3. To fall vertically, like a single drop, under the 
simple influence of gravity; to descend. 

1377 Lanct. P. Pl. B. xvi. 79 Euere as pei [apples] dropped 
adown, Pe deuel was redy, And gadred hem alle togideres. 
1610 SHaks. Temp. U. ii. 1440 Ha’st thou not dropt from hea- 
uen? 1660 F, Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 100 The shell 
opens, and the nut drops out, 1700 S. L. tr. /xyke's Voy. 
E. Ind. 14 One of the Master's Boys .. dropt into the Sea. 
1756-7 tr. Aeysler's Trav. (1760) III. 140 Birds flying over 
it dropt down dead. 1890 Lloyd's Weekly 30 Nov. 6/2 You 
could have heard a pin drop. J/od. The sword dropped out 
of his hand. 

b. fg. 

1654 Jer. Tavtor Real Pres. 62 That we may not think 
this doctrine dropt from S. Austin by chance, he again 
affirmes [etc]. 1676 Hospes //fad 1. 237 His words like 
Honey dropped from his tongue. 1871 Rony Lat. Gram. 
1. viii. 49 This ablatival @ has dropped off also from the 
adverbs supra, infra, &c. Mod, The second ¢# has now 
dropped out. 

ce. To have an abrupt descent in position, 

1 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) s.v., Her maintop- 
sail drops seventeen yards. 1883 STEv n Silverado Sq. 
74 In front the ground drops as sharply as it rises behind, 

4. To sink to the ground like inanimate matter ; 
to fall exhausted, wounded, or dead. 

a 1400 Octouian 567 Neygh to dede we gandrappe. 1597 
Suaks. 2 Hen, /V,1. i. 169 It was your presurmize, That in 
the dole of blowes, your Son might drop. 1635 J. Havwarp 
tr. Biondi’s Banish'd Virg. 226 [They] were ready to drop 
downe for griefe. ~ S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 76 
Tho’ thousands of their Men dropt, they would not give 
ground an Inch. 1841 J. Forpes 11 V. in Ceylon I. 141, I 
fired; the elephant dropped on his knees. 1856 C. J. 
Anpversson Lake Ngami 371 A..giraffe..dropped dead to 
the first shot, 

b. Of a setter, etc.: To squat down or crouch 
abruptly at the sight of game. 

1870 Biaine Encycl. Rur. Sports § 2545 After standing 
some considerable time, she [a pointer] would drop like a 


setter, still keeping her nose in an exact line, would 
continue in that position untilthe game moved, 1892 Field 
7 May 695/3 Druid had birds before him and Blanch a 
rabbit ; the one dropped to wing and the other to fur. 

5. Of a person or thing: To fall or pass involun- 
tarily or mechanically 77/0 some condition. 

x654 Wurttock Zootomia 411 Many other Townes .. 
silently drop into Dung Hills, without the least mention in 
History. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes v. 278 They had 
drop’d into absolute oblivion. 1833 Hr. Martineau Jlanch, 
Strike vi. 66 For fear you should drop asleep again. 3877 
A. B. Epwarps Uf Nile xxii. 706 We soon dropped bac! 
into the old life of Peg and shopping. 

b. fig. To die. See also drop off, 28 d. 

1654 WuitLock Zootomia 410 Asmall Cottage, that hath, 
as it were, lived and dyed with her old Master, both drop- 
ping down together. 1722 Dicsy Let. to Pofe 1 Sept., 

othing, says Seneca..so soon iles us to the though 
of our own death, as the. . prospect of one friend after another 
dropping round us. 1848 Tuackeray Van. Fair xi, | lay 
five to two, Mathilda drops in a year. 1889 Anstey Pariah 
v. i, I shall have the old place some day, when the old 
governor drops. 

6. To come to an end through not being kept 
up ;- to cease, lapse; to fall through. 

1697 T. Smitn in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 257 We must 
.-let our correspondence drop for the present. 1705 HEARNE 
Collect. 31 July, The matter was let drop. 1855 ACAULAY 
Hist, Eng. 11, 498 The Bill of Rights. .in the last Session, 
had... been suffered to drop. 1896 V. § Q. 8th Ser. IX. 
161/2 The search after him was not allowed to drop. 

7. To fall in direction, condition, amount, degree, 
force, or pitch; to sink, become depressed. 


| thus dropped wit 


680 


1729 Swirt Libel on Delany 15 His vii drops, he knits 
is how : 4 Down dropt the 


slightly d in: 
o Fleet i. v, Grit voire teed eoppell do tha howenmennen 

8. To allow oneself to be carried quietly down 
stream ; to descend without effort, with the tide or 
a light wind. 

1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) II. 378 The Resolution. .dropped 
down the river as far as Woniaich at which place she was 
detained by contrary winds. 1798 Co.erince Anc, Mar. 
1. vi, Merrily did we drop Below the Kirk, below the Hill, 
Below the light-house top. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast 
xvii. 47 
and light wind. Hatt Caine Manxman 425 At the 
turn of the tide the boats began to drop down the harbour. 

b. To let oneself fall ehind or to the rear by 
— no effort to keep ahead or to the front. 

1823 Crass Technol. Dict., Drop astern, [used] to denote 
the retrograde motion of a ship. Mepwin Angler in 
Wales 11. 117 Toby then drop) to the hind part of Tickler 
.. and some thought passed the winning post before Idris. 
1847 /nfantry Man, (1854) 86 The officers drop to the rear. 
1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Drop astern, to, to slacken a 
ship's way, so as to suffer another one to pass beyond her. 

9. Tocome or go casually, unexpectedly, or in an 
apparently undesigned manner (7n/o a place, across, 
on, upon any person or thing casually met with) ; 
to fall upon. See also drop zn, 27. 

a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 73, Not dropping into Towne, 
(like men, that follow their private affaires, and no body 
lookes after them): but, they make their entrance in a pub- 
like manner. 709 SreeLe /atler No. 47 ? 5, 1 looked into 
Shakespear. The Tragedy I dropped into was, Harry the 
Fourth, 1853 Bricut Sf. /ndia 3 June, The gentlemen 
who drop down there for six..months. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop 
Mrs. Hallib, 1. iii, He’s sure to drop across somebody that 
..wants it. 1877 Mrs. Forrester A/ignon 1. 11 We shall 
probably drop upon a stray couple of lovers. FARRAR 
St. Paul 11. 584 note, When the Church grew, and heathens 
dropped not unfrequently into its meetings. 

0. To come down fon with a surprise, a check, 
or forcible reproof; to ‘ pitch z/o’. collog. 

1 Dickens Bleak Ho. xxiv, 217 (Farmer) He’s welcome 
to drop into me, right and left. 1877 Five Years’ Penal 
Serv. iv. 268 (Farmer) Do the police ever drop upon the 
parties and frustrate their plans? 1894 Witkins & Vivian 
Green Bay Tree \. 48 The poor Pigeon will get dropped on. 

II. Transitive senses. 

11. To let fall or shed (liquid) in drops or small 
portions; to distil ; to shed (tears). Also fig. ; 

a130 Hampote Psalter Prol., Ppai_drope swetnes in 
mannys saule. 1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) I. ror Herbes 
ent @ pa pat droppep gom. a1 Alexander 3801 
A litill drysnyng of dewe was droppid fra pe heuen. 1548 
Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iii.(R.), That the thyng .. 
be stilled, & as it wer dropped into the heartes of men. 
a 1626 Br. ANprewes Sem. (1641) 429 If these eyes of Job 
have droppen many a teare. 1741 Compl. Fam.-Piece |. 
i. 14 Drop in it thirty or af of Jones's Drops, 

absol. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 36 Sende Lazar. .that he his 
finger wete In water, so that he maie droppe Upen my 
tonge. 1588 SHaxs, 7it, A. ut. i. 19 In summers drought 
Ile drop vpon thee still. . 

12. Ko sprinkle with or as with drops; to be- 
drop; to spot ; to dot with spots of colour. arch. 

c1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode 1. ci. (1869) 55 The scrippe 
this blood. c1430 Stans Puer 57 in 
Badbees Bk. (1868) 31 Droppe not pi brest with seew & ober 
potage. 1 Haut Chron., Hen. 1V, 12 The flancardes 
droped and gutted with red. 1667 Mitton /, Z. vit. 406 
Their wav'd coats dropt with Gold. c 1820S. Rocrrs /taly 
(1839) 253 Fish Innumerable dropt with crimson and gold. 


13. To let fall (like a drop or drops). Also jig. 
¢ 13315 [see Drorrinc vd/. sd, 2). @ Alexander 
1363 Pe kyng.. Devynez deply on days, dropes mony willes, 
1530 Patscr. 530/1, 1 droppe a wyle, as a y man 
dothe, jafine.. Let me alone with hym, I shall di 
a wyle to begyle him. 1588 Snaxs. 77¢, A. u. iv. 50 He 
would haue dropt his knife and fell asleepe. 1600 — A. 
Y. L. m. ii, 250 It may wel be cal’d Ioues tree, when it 
droppes forth fruite. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. vi. 24 His 
rosie Wreath was di not long before. 1830 Tennyson 
Poems 149 Furl the sail! drop the oar! ase! 1837 
43 ies .. 


Wueweut ist. /nduct, Sc. (1857) I. 
from an elevated object. 
b. 70 drop anchor; to let the anchor down, to 
cast anchor. See Ancuor si.16c. Also adsol. 
Siz T. Hersert 7rav. 27 Tyding up with streame- 
each sixe houres weighing and dropping. 168% 


Anc! 

Prrys Diary VI. 143 presently her anchor, and is 
-. come safe in harbour. 1778 Ann, Teg 35078 Soon after 
the Venus had dropped, the of t and 
the captain..were sent on board: 1890 H. M. Stantey /x 
darkest Africa 1, 373 The steamer dropped anchor in the 


baylet of Nyamsassi. 
14. To let fall in birth ; to give birth to (young); 
The usual word in reference to 


Prophecie not Israel, and 
drop not thy word against the house of Isaac. 1668 CuL- 


We made sail, dropping slowly down with the tide . 


rerrer & Core Barthol. Anat, Man, ww. D these 
Authors can pam 2g be Lae, see 


23 Jan. ..by chance, 7 Ld. Pembroke 
eer tee Te Warscns Lact Fouls, (1859) Lite She 
never a syllable which intimated her 

death. Burcon Lives 12Gd. Men Il. x. 268 Quot 


short Latin sayings, without a hint as to 
authorship. 

b. To let (a letter or note) fall into the letter- 
box; hence, to send (a note, etc.) in a casual or 
informal way. 

. Q. Apams in Fam. Lett. i 
ale 23 as pig Mod. You ity See 
St doe tei th 

. slang. To give, lose, or with (money). 

1676 Wrenuniey PL Dealer ml. i ata a rt 
and wrangling, o- drop away all their money on 
sides, 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., He dropp'd me 


a quid, he gave me a " ‘Tuackeray Pendennis 
xliti. (F: nd 


1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 199, 1..dispatch'd two of *em 
immediately, and I had made a ahife poy ve a third. 18x2 
Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 243 The coachman dropped his 
man the first round. 1813 J.Q. Apams Wks. (1856) X. 
54 The wood-cutter..was pee to find a tree to d 
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales IU. 151, 1..planted my 
..under his jaw-bone, and dropped him at once, 
H. M. Stantey How / found Livingstone (1890) 460, 1 
. -fired at it; but..did not succeed in dropping it. 
19. To deposit from a ship or vehicle; to set 
down ; also, to leave (a 4 avon at a person’s house. 
1796 NELSON 4 a in Nicolas Disp. 11. 233 So soon as 
he has dropped the Convoy at Naples, he wil! on 
his voyage. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. Il. xxix. 296 [He] 
promised to drop us at the Shetland Islands. Mrs. 
Cartyte Lett. 11. 395, I will drop this at your in 
ssing for my drive. 1878S. Wavroe Hist, Eng. I. 551 
He would, .stop his coach to drop a friend at his own door. 
20. To omit (a letter or syllable) in pronuncia- 


tion or writing. i 
1864 Tennyson Sea-dreams 1 Dropping. the too rough 
H in Hell and Heaven. 1871 Rony . Gram, 1. Vili. 49 


| The preposition frod always drops the @ in composition 


except before a vowel. 1872 O. W. Homes Poet Break/.-t. 
ii. (1885) 36 He does not drop his A's, 1883 S, C. Hatt 
Retrospect 11. 191 The son of a celebrated clown, Gomery, 
who had dropped the aristocratic syllable Mont. 

21. To let droop or hang a oo ate 

L. Hunt Pay 1. 149, 1 blush, uncle } 

ae eye-lids. pg Buaccmons Perlycross 5% ‘Pne ‘Iae 
Tamar aa her eyes, and hung her head. 

22. a. To let move gently with the tide. b. Zo 
drop astern: to leave in the rear. 

= W. Honter in Naval Chron, X11, 24 Admiral H. 
zs hee mgood drop Sd u of Lng mgd 

ard, MYTH O@t s » Drop astern, 0.. 
Toaier « competitor, 1887 Daily Tel. 10 Sept. 2/5 A 
couple of. .catboats..were dropped astern at a great rate, 

23. To lower (the voice) in pitch or loudness. 

1860 Mrs. Gaskxett Right at Last, He dropped his voice. 

24. Football. To obtain (a goal) by a drop-kick, 

1882 Standard 20 Nov. 2/8 B, then dropped another goal. 

25. To cease to keep up, or have to do with; to 
have done with; to leave off or let alone; to 
break off acquaintance or association with. Drop 
it! (collog. or slang) Have done! leave off! 

1605 Suaks. Macéb, m1. i. 122 Certaine friends .. Whose 


loues Imaynotdrop. 1700 T. Brows tr. /resny's Amusem. 


Ser. & Com. 75 Let us that Matter, 1700 Roperick 
in Ballard MSS. 2} 33 ++ bill is likely to be dropt. 
Appison Spect. No, 89 P x She will drop him in 


1711 
old Age, if she can find her Account in another, 1767 
Wes ey Yrni. 20 Nov., I save at least eightpence by 


d 
ping tea in the afternoon. 1872 Pudblic Opinion 24 Feb. 
241 He looked at me rily, and ae ee er 
it’. 1873 Brack Pr. Thule xxiv. 40: the was 
discreetly di . 1882 Biunr Ref. Ch. Eng. Il. 88 A 
custom wl ent ao=! unre and a 
entirely di oe ROUDE Xxvii, 
neces: iis Urine a ballet theoagh the besia tice? 


III. With adverbs. 
26. Drop away. intr. To fall away drop by 
drop, or one by one. 
x6or R. Jouxson Kingd. § Comm. (1603) 18 Then 
began they to drop away one by one, leaving the cam) 
so disordered. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton xix. reves} 
324 The men might drop away, and..betray all the rest. 
Lecxy Eng. in 18th C. IV. xv. 252 If the war con! 
much longer, America would certainly drop away. 
. Drop in. infr. a. See simple senses and 
In adv, b. To come in unintentionally ; to come 


in or call unexpectedly or casually; to pay a 
¢x600 SHaks. Soun. xc, Join wit the spite of fortune, 


make me bow, do not in for an after-loss. 1667 
Pepys Diary 28 Oct., Mr. d in. 
1754 Grandison (1781) 1. i. 2 in upe 
us as we were to dinner. s ldsmith 
xiii, 166 Many in uninvite Jessorr Arcady 
ii. 34 The younger in to have a talk. 


¢@. To come in one by one or at intervals. — 
1697 Damier Voy. I, viii. 219 These. .came dropping in one 


DROP. 


or two at a time, as they were able. 1879 Froupe Casar 
xxiv. 417 The other legions dropped in slowly. 

d. To fall casually into one’s hands or disposal, 
to become vacant. 

1770 Mrs. J. Harrisin Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury (1870) 
I, 189 Till a larger patent place in the West Indies. .drops in. 

e. To meet casually wth, to fall in with, 

1802 Mrs. E. Parsons Mysterious Visit IV. 217 The 
party Lord Lymington accidentally dropped in with. 

28. Drop off. zztr. a. See simple senses and 
Orr adv, b. To withdraw or retire one by one, 
or by degrees. 

1709 STEELE Tatler No. 149 ? 2, I..found the [others].. 
drop off designedly to leave me alone with the eldest 
Daughter. 1824 Byron ¥uan xvi. viii, The banqueteers had 
dropp’d off one by one. 1890 Century Mag. Nov. 112/1 
The membership of the Society began dropping off. 

e. To fall asleep. 

1820 B’nEss Bunsen in Hare Li (1879) I. v. 159 He put 
his arms round his own mother’s neck..and dropped off. 
1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. xiii, Whenever they saw me 
dro; ping off, [they] woke me up. 

. Todie; = 5 b. 

1699 J. Jackson in Pepys’ Diary VI. 213 He is..ex- 
tremely ill, and could not doa greater service to strangers 
than to drop off at this juncture. 1771 Foote Maid of B. 
Int, Ss. 1799 II. 230 He dropped off in six months. 1884 
G. Atten Philistia I. 56 He .. would probably drop off 
quietly with suppressed gout. - 

e. To become less frequent or assiduous 77. 

1827 Examiner 684/1 The defendant began to drop off in 
his visits. 

29. Drop short. ztv. a. To fall short ; ly 
with of, to fail to reach or obtain. (In quot. a 1726, 
to drop simply, in same sense.) 

1683 Bunyan Heavenly Footn. (1886) 143 Many eminent 
professors drop short of a welcome from God into this 
pleasant place. a 1726 Cottier (J.), Often it drops or over- 
shoots by the disproportions of distance or application. 
c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 152 A strake which drops 
short of the stem. 

b. collog. or slang. To die. 

1826 Sporting Mag. XXII. 327 One of these days he 
must drop short. 

Drop-, the verb-stem used in Comb. a. attrib. 
with sb., in the sense ‘ dropping’, ‘used in drop- 
ping’, ‘arranged so as to drop’, forming sub- 
stantives or adjectives ; as drop-ladier, -leap, -ring, 
-shade, -stile, -wave; drop-arch (see quot.); 
drop-bar (a) one of the vertical bars connecting 
the chain and the roadway in a suspension bridge ; 
(6) (Printing), a bar or roller for running the 
sheet into the machine ; drop-bottom (see quots.); 
drop-box, in figure-weaving looms, the shuttle- 
box containing shuttles carrying wefts of various 
colours ; drop-curls (¢a/.), dropping curls, ring- 
lets; drop-curtain = Drop sd. 16; drop-drill, 
a drill which sows seed and manure together ; 
drop-fiue a., of a boiler, in which the flues drop or 
descend ; drop-fly (Angling), see quot. (= Drop- 
PER 3); drop-glass, a dropping tube or pipette 
used for dropping liquid into the eye or other part ; 
drop-hammer = drof-press; drop-handle a., 
applied to a form of needle-telegraph instrument 
which is operated by a handle directed downward ; 
drop-keel, a movable keel which can be lowered 
below the bottom of a boat; a centre-board ; 
drop-lamp, drop-light (U.S.), a portable gas- 
burner, connected with the gas-fittings by a flexible 
tube, usually in the form of a lamp, which can stand 
on a table; cf. Drop sd. 18, quot. 1864; drop-line 

= Drop sd. 22; drop-press, drop-repeat (sce 
quots.); drop-roller = dyof-bar b; drop-shutter, 
a device for securing very brief exposure in instan- 
taneous photography ; see quot. ; drop-table (see 
quot.). b. In verbal comb. with object, as + drop- 
piss, strangury; drop-seed, a grass that readily 
drops its seed, spec. Muhlenbergia diffusa ( Treas. 
Bot. 1866). ¢. In adverbial combination with an 
adj., as drop-ripe a., so ripe as to be ready to 
drop from the tree; also fg. 

3848 Rickman Archit. 50 *Drop arches .. have a radius 
shorter than the breadth of the arch, 1853 Str H. Douctas 
Mitit. Bridges (ed. 3) 375 The *drop bars are rods of iron. . 
which fall through the joints of the main chains. 1887 Clowes 
Printing Mach. in Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. UXXX1X.m, The 

dropbar feeding arrang’ ..a revolving steel bar, on 
which are fastened two disks. .which can by means of screws 
be shifted to any position .. to suit the sheet to be printed. 
Aw: Fetton Carriages (1801) I. Gloss., *Drop Bottom, 
the bottom of a coach, chariot, or chaise body, when sunk 
deeper than the surface of the framing, to give more room, 
1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 44 It raises the coals.. and 
delivers them on an elevated railway platform into a wag- 
gon—through the drop-bottom of which they are duly 
distributed among the range of hoppers attached to Stanley's 
ingenious furnace-feeding machines. 1860 A// Year Round 
No. 53. 63 Robert Kay..invented the *drop-box, by means 
of which three spindles of different coloured wefts could be 
used successively. 1880 WW”. Cornwall Gloss., * Dropf-curls, 
ringlets. 1832 Lxaminer 85/1 There isa new *drop-curtain, 
painted in crimson. red Dickens Lett. 17 Aug., In order 
that the piece may be played through without having the 
drop curtain down. 1847 Rayneirp in Fral. R. Agric. 
Soc. VIII. 1. 215 Using a *drop-drill. 1874 Knicut Dict. 
Mech, * Brot iu Boiler. .the object being to cause [the 
OL. . 


681 


heat] to leave the boiler at the lower part, where the feed- 
water is introduced. 1870 Brains Encycl. Rur. Sports 
§ Si When more than one fly is used in Sy ahing, the 
additional one is called a *drop-fly, and Ad some a bob.. 
As these flies drop or hang down from the line, so they 
gain their name of drop-flies. 1876 Prexce, etc. Telegraphy 
§ 48 There are two forms of the single needle instrument 
in use, viz. the *drop-handle and the pedal or tapper form. 
1896 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 2/1 To steady the boat still 
further, it carries a water ballast, or a *drop-keel. 1895 
Ibid. 28 Sept. 2/1 The *drop-ladder was all burnt now, an’ 
the flames pouring out of the trapdoor. 18.. Mrs. Spor- 
ForD Pilot's Wife, When dark came we would light the 
*drop-lamp. 1886 Burton Avad, Nis. 1.5 [He] sprang with 
a *drop-leap from one of the trees. 1874 KnicuT Dict. 
Mech.,* Drop-light. 1890 Century Mag. Mar. 764/1 Read- 
ing a calf-bound volume at a drop-light. 1882 Cussans 
Handbk. Her. xxi. 282 It frequently happens when Pedi- 
grees are printed, that space forbids such an arrangement, 
and that *drop-lines are obliged to be used... The drop-line 
. shows that Margaret is sisterto John and William, 1578 
Lyte Dodoens 1. xxviii. 41 The roote [of Dropwort] boyled 
in wine and dronken is good against the *Droppisse, or 
Strangury. 1864 WessteER, *Drop-fress, a machine for em- 
bossing, punching, etc., consisting of a weight guided verti- 
cally, to be raised by a cord and pulley worked by the foot, 
and to drop on an anvil; called also drop-hainmer, or 
simply a drop. 1888 W. Crane Arts § Crafts Catal. 42 
One way of concealing the joints of the repeat of the 
pattern Is by..a *drop-repeat, so that, in hanging, the 
paper-hanger, instead of placing each repeat of pattern 
side by side, is enabled to join the pattern at a point its 
own depth below, which..arranges the chief features or 
masses on an alternating plan. 1883 Standard 28 Mar. 
s/2 Thence it [bearing-rein] passes through the *drop-ring. 
1724 Wodrow Corr. \1843) ILI. 152 He was gig veal for 
heaven. 1829 CunnincHaM in Anniversary 6 Lips like 
drop-ripe cherries cleft. Scribner's Mag. 1. 632/1 
The *drop-shades were of thick light-blue paper. 1890 
Asney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 235 The principle of a *drop- 
shutter is the passing of an elongated aperture, cut in a 
board, over the front of the lens. 1791 W. Jessop Ref. 
River Witham 14 Gates and *Drop-stiles in the cross 
Fences. 1864 Wesster, *Drof-table, a machine for lower- 
ing weights, and especially for removing the wheels of 
locomotives. 1879 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xxxiii. 
276 There may be on one side no. .rhythmic *drop-wave. 

|| Dropax (drdu-pzks). ? Obs. Also 7 dropace. 
[mod.L,, a. Gr. dpana€ pitch-plaster, f. Spén-ecv to 
pluck. In F. droface, Cotgr.] A pitch-plaster, a 
depilatory. Hence Dro‘pacism, -ist (see quots.). 

1621 Burton Anat. Med. 11. v. mm. i. (1651) 401 Piso [pre- 
scribes] Dropaces of pitch, and oile of Rue, applyed at certain 
times to the stomach, to the metaphrene. 1656 Biount 
Glossogr., Dropacist, one that pulls off hair, and makes 
the body bare. 1678 Satmon Lond. Disp. 774/1 A Dropace 
is made of Pitch mixt with Oyl. 1706 Puituirs, Drofax, 
or Dropacismus..of Pitch and Oil. 1721 Baitey, Dropacism 
«an Ointment for anointing the Members of the Body. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dropax, Dropacism (old terms). 

Drop-bolt. [In sense 1, f. the stem of Drop v.; 
in sense 2, f. Drop séd.] 

1. A bolt constructed so as to drop into a socket. 

Fe Miss A. Sewarp Le?¢z. I. 225, I lifted the drop-bolt. 

. The bolt of the drop on a gallows. 

1890 R. Kirtinc Phantom Rickshaw (ed. 3) 9 As acon- 
demned criminal might speak ere the drop-bolts are drawn. 

Dropcy, dropecy, -sy, obs. ff. Dropsy. 

+ Dropic, a. Ods. rare. [Aphetic f. Aydropic, 
edropic: cf. Dropsy.] Affected with dropsy. 

c1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's 29 A Certeyne dropik 
man that bare his surname of the happe of this siknes. 

p-kick, /otball. [f.Dror- + Kickxsé.] (See 
quot. 1896.) So Drop-kicking vd/. sd. 

1857 HucuEes Jom Brown 1. v, Vigorous efforts to ac- 
complish a drop-kick. 1880 [see DrissLe v. 4). 1882 Field 
28 Jan., The drop out was well returned, and some good 
drop-kicking took place. 1896 Laws of Football 2 A Drop- 
kick is made by letting the ball fall from the hands, and 
kicking it the very instant it rises, 


Dropless, 2. rave. [-1E8s.] Free from drops. 
1798 CoteripGE Picture 40 Ye that now cool her fleece 
with dropless damp. 


Droplet. [-.erT.] A minute drop. 

1607 SHaks. 7Finzon v. iv. 76 Our humane griefes. .those 
our droplets, which From niggard Nature fall. 1788 cha ied 
xxv. #3 They are also to be..taken internally by droplets. 
1878 Huxtey Physiogr.45 When these droplets run together, 
they produce drops too heavy for suspension. 


Drop-letter. U.S. A letter posted in any 
place merely for local delivery (formerly called 
box-letter) 3 a ‘local’ letter. 

Originally applied to letters sent from a distant place by 
some other mode of conveyance, and ‘dropped’ into the 
post office box at the place of destination for delivery there. 

[1841 Rep. Postmaster-Generai (U.S.) 452 Letters have 
Recently been dropped into this [Philadelphia] office, from 
Boston, New York [etc.], for deliverance by our carriers.] 
1844 /did. 688 ‘Drop-letters’ .. This is a class of letters 
which are usually sent from one place to another by private 
conveyance, and are ‘dropped’ or deposited in the post- 
office for delivery. 1845 ( ar. 3) U. S. Statutes at Large 
V. 733 Drop letters, or letters feed in any post-office, not 
for transmission by mail, but for delivery hss [The term 
drop matter is common in American post offices, meaning 
matter for local delivery, without passing from one post 
office to another.] 

+ Dro‘pling. Oés. [-u1Nc.] A little drop. 

1605 SYLVESTER Quadrains of Pibrac xiii, A dropling of 
th’ Eternall Fount. 1782 Etpninston tr. AZartial 11, lxxxii. 
170 His guests to accept a few droplings he asks. 


+Dro‘p-meal, adv. Obs. [OE. drop-mélum, 
f. Drop sd.: see -MEAL.] In drops, drop by drop. 
¢ 1000 /Erric Hom. 1. 508 Yrnb dropmzlum swide hluttor 


DROPPING. 


weeter. dae 2 Ancr, R. 282 In hire he helded nout one 

dropemele, auh 3e0ted vlowinde wellen of his grace. 1398 

Trevisa Barth, De P. R. x1. vii. (1495) 393 Rayne fallyth 

..thenne and thenne and dropmele. 1647 Trape Cosme. 

Acts xii. 8 As the cloud dissolves drop-meal upon the earth. 
b. Often with 4y: =prec. Hence as sb. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 1 These good things 
that are as by dropmeale poured into vs from heauen. 
1577 Harrison England i. viii. (1878) 11. 58 To them that 
make their water by dropmeales. 160x Hoitanp Pliny 
Il. 40 Physicians vse to instill the juice of the Radish by 
drop-meale into the eares. 1607 Torseti. Four-f Beasts 
(1658) 440 Which. .cannot void his water but by drops-meal. 


Dropped, dropt (drppt), Af/. a. [f. Dror v.] 

1, Fallen, lowered ; allowed to drop or fall. 

1600 Suaks. A. V. ZL. 1. ii. 248 Vnder a tree like a drop’d 
Acorne. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) 
V. 235 With distended eyes, dropped jaws, and shaking 
limbs, 1811 Byron Hints from Hor, 314 Till the dropped 
curtain gives a glad release. 1844 Mrs. Browninc Drama 
of Exile Poems 1850 I. 62 With dropt looks. 1893 /Zes 
16 Dec. 9/5, Lead paralysis with its special feature of 
‘dropped wrist’, or paralysis of the muscles of the arm. 
1896 Durham Univ. Frnt, 29 Feb. 46 Winners .. by 1 
dropped goal {i.e. obtained by a drop-kick]. 

b. Of eggs: Fried or poached, ‘ dropped into 

the frying pan’ (Jam.). 

1824 Scotr Redgauntlet ch. x, A roasted chucky and 
a drappit egg. 1884 Mary E, WILkins in Harfer's Mag. 
July 306/2 Martha was. eating her toast and a dropped egg. 

+ 2. Marked with spots or specks. Ods. 

1611 Cotcr., Gouét, faulcon gouét, whose feathers are ill 
marked, mailed, or coloured..a dropt Hawke. 

3. Abandoned, allowed to lapse. 

1886 FRoupE Oceana 16, I resumed my dropped intention. 

4. Comb., as dropped-eared. 

1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2308/4 A Sorrel Mare, dropt Ear’d. 

+ Droppell. 0¢:. rare. [a. MLG. and MDu. 
droppel, Ger. tropfel small drop.] In dropfell- 
piss, -pysse, strangury. 

1527 AnpREW Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters B iij b, Good 
for the Strangury or droppell pysse named Stranguria. 

Dropper (drp‘pa1). [f. Drop v. + -ER!.] 

1. One who drops or lets fall in drops; in quot. 
1700 = distiller (slag. b. One who drops seeds 
into the holes made by a dibbler. 

a17oo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Rum-dropper, a Vintner. 
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 415 The greatest 
droppers of beads were often the worst men. 1770-4 A. 
Hunter Georg. Ess. (1804) 11. 356 An active dibbler..with 
three droppers at seven-pence per day. 1789 Trans. Soc. 
Arts (ed. 2) II. 45 With two dibbers and seven droppers. 

2. A dog that drops down when it sights game ; 
a setter. Cf. Drop wv. 4b. 

3. Angling. An artificial fly adjusted to a leader 
above the stretcher fly. Also drop-fly, dropper-fly. 

1746 BowLkerR Angling (1833) 112 The first dropper about 
a yard from the leading fly; the second dropper about 
eighteen inches above the first. 1875 ‘STONEHENGE’ Brit, 
Sports 1. Vv. iv. § 3. 350 If more than two droppers are used, 
the single gut length is increased to eight feet. 

4. Dropper-in: one who drops in or pays a 
casual visit. 

1805 Ann. Rev. III. 58 The laundress is a costly dropper 
in. 1825 New Monthly Mag. XV1.264 Endless, purposeless 
visitants ; droppers in, as they are called. 

5. a. A pendant; cf. Drop sd. 10 a. b. A glass 
tube with an india-rubber top on one end, and a 
small opening at the other, for dropping liquid. ce. 
Acontrivance insome reaping-machines for deposit- 
ing the cut grain in gavels on the ground; also the 


machine itself. d. A/inzng. (See quot. 1864.) 

c1825 Houlston Fuv. Tracts No. 18 Imag. Troubles 4 
She had..a ring on her finger, and long droppers in her 
ears. 1864 Wepster, Dropper (Mining), a branch vein 
which drops off from, or leaves, the main lode. 1869 R. B. 
Smytu Goldfields of Victoria 609 Dropper, a spur drop- 
ping into the lode. A feeder. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech. 
1. 754/2 Simultaneously with the bringing into action of the 
dropper, a cut-off is brought down to arrest the falling grain 
till the platform is reinstated. 1886 Sc?. Amer. LV. 373/3 
Grain..cut with a ‘dropper’ or a self-raking reaper. 1889 
Anthony's Photogr. Bult. 11. 12 The dropper is filled with 
alkali solution from the wide-mouthed bottle. 

6. Comb., as dropperjly = 3. 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 113 Select..a small 
gentle, and apply it at the end of his dropper fly. 1875 

STONEHENGE’ Brit. Sports 1. v. iv. § 3. 350 Take a few 
turns round the dropper-gut to make all secure. 

Dropping (drgpin), vé/. sé. [f. Drop v.+ 
-Ine!.] The action of the vb. Drop. 

1. The action of falling or letting fall in drops. 

c1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxiv. rr Purh dropunge deawes and 
renes. ¢1386 CHAucER Me/ié. P 120 Thre thynges dryuen 
a man out of his hous, that is to seyn Smoke, droppyng of 
Reyn, and wikked wyues. 1530 latscr. 215/2 Droppyng 
of lycour, distillation. 1607 TorseLt Serpents (1658) 789 
The watering or dropping of the Eyes. 16rx Biste Prov. 
xxvii. r5 A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a 
contentious woman are alike, 1860 Pusey in. Proph, 
308 Forbidding God’s word as a wearisome dropping. 

b. See quot. 

1823 Crasa 7echnol, Dict., Dropping (Vet.\, a name given 
to that disease in a caw, which is analogous to the puer- 
peral fever in women, 5 A . 

2. The action of falling or descending vertically ; 
also, of letting anything fall. 

¢1315 SHoREHAM 17 So habbeth..Crystnynge, Her signe, 
droppynge in the water. 1599 H. Burres Dyet's drie 
Dinner D iv, Plantes .. that are subject .: to ‘his leaves- 


86* 


DROPPING. 


dropping. 1874 Jouns Brit. Birds 180 It begins to descend 
. by aseries of ~~ with intervals of simple hovering. 

3. The action of discontinuing or abandoning. 

1813 Examiner 10 May 300/1 The d ing of such a 
work... would be a loss to the country. 1859 J. 
Ch. Hist, Scot. U1. x. 409 A dropping of the 
queries in processes of error. 

4. Falling, dropping off, dying. 

»1768 Woman of Honor 111. 240 By the unexpected drop- 
ping of two elder brothers, he is..come to an estate. 

5. concr. That which drops or falls in drops, as 
rain, melting wax, etc.; the fat that drops from 
roasting meat, dripping. (In quot. 1398 =rheum.) 

1398 ‘I'revisa Barth. De P. R. 11. xix. (1495) 66 They that 
haue droppyng and rewme fallyng to the brest. ¢1430 
Pilgr. Lyf Manhode . \xi. (1869) 172 This kowuele i haue 
set vnder for to take the droppinges. 1585 T. WasHINGTON 
tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 1. vi. 36 The Mastic is the teare or 
droppings of the Lentiscus. | 166; Gerpier Counsel 11 The 
Rain and Droppings of the Thatch. 1 Wurttock 
Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 348 Rape oil, which obtains the 
term ‘droppings’. 1861 T. A. Trotiore La Beata II. xiv. 
124 Collecting the droppings from the wax candles. 

6. Dung of animals. (Now on y pl.) 

1596 Haxincton Metam. Ajax D iv, Do you not..tell of 
springing a pheasant and a partridge, and find them out 
by their ry Joe 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. 
(ed. 4) II. 80 Fresh droppings from the stables. 1890 Pail 
Mall G. 29 Sept. 5/1 The only combustible we had was the 
droppings of the wild yaks. 

+1. The eaves from which water drops. Ods. 

1597 Gerarve Herbal u. xlvii. § 2. 262, I founde it 
vnder the dropping of the bishops house at Rochester. 
¢1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 181 The meeteing house.. 
being under the Dropings of ye Cathedrall. 

8. attrib. and Comé., as dropping-bottle (see 
quot. 1864) ; + dropping-meal adv. = DRop-MEAL; 
+dropping-pan = DripPInG-PaNn; dropping-tube 
(see quot.) ; dropping-well, a well formed by the 
dropping of water from above. 

1827 Farapay Chem. Manip. vi. 185 It is proper to have 
a smaller *dropping-bottle ready for use. 1864 WensTER, 
Dropping-bottle, an instrument used to supply small quan- 
tities of a fluid toa test-tube or other vessel. 1889 Anthony's 
Photogr. Bull. M1. 427 Acombined minim-measure and drop- 
ping-bottle. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.vus.lv. (1495) 268 
Stranguria whan a man pissyth wyth dyffyculte *droppinge 
mele. 1463 Bury Witls (Camden) 23 A “droppyng panne. 
1672 A. Haic /nventory in J. Russell Haigs (1881) 475 A 
great fraying pan and a great droping pan. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., *Dropping tube, the tubulated stopper of the 
Dropping-bottle. 16g2 J. Frencu (f7t/e) The Yorkshire 
Spaw ; or a l'reatise of four famous Medicinal Wells. .the 
“Dropping, or Petrifying Well. 1850 Tennyson /n Mem. 
Ixxxili, Laburnums, dropping-wells of fire. 

prone: ppl.a. [t. as prec. +-1NG 2.] 

1. Falling in drops; distilling. 

1a 1400 Morte Arth. 4054 Derefulle dredlesse with drowp- 
pande teris. 1583 Leg. BP. St. Andrews Pref. 71 in Satir. 
Poems Reform. xiv, Fra they gat the drapping grise they 
wanted. 1667 Mitton P. £. 1Vv. 630 Those Blossoms also, 
and those dropping Gumms. 1 uRNS Elegy Henderson 
xi, Frae my een the drapping rains Maun ever flow. 

b. Having moisture falling off in drops, dripping. 
Or the weather: rainy, wet. 

a1418 Lypa. Temple of Glas 394 Oft also, aftir a dropping 
mone, The weddir clerep. 1587 Mascatt Govt. Cattle, 
O-ven (1627) 13 If your cattell haue dropping Nostrils. 1648 
Gace West Ind. xv. 105 To wipe their dropping brows. 
1775 Suaw Hist. Moray 151 (Jam.) A misty May, and a 
dropping June. 1790 A. Witson Morning Poet. Wks. 1846 
2 From every bush and every dropping tree. 

c. quasi-adv. in dropping wet. 

1sgr Syivester Du Bartas 1. Vv. 201 Dropping wet..I 
return to land Laden with spoyls. 1770 Westey ¥raé. 16 
Apr., We..got into a Scotch mist, and were dropping wet. 

. Falling vertically, falling to the ground. 

171-20 Pope /iiad xiv. 546 The dropping head first 
tumbled to the plain, 1832 I'RNnyson On a Mourner 
The swamp, where hums the dropping snipe. Palt 
Mall G. 25 Mar. 2/1 The ‘ warm corner’ is alive with rising 
and dropping birds. 

3. Falling detachedly, desultory, not continuous, 

1708 Lond, Gas. No. 4467/3 The Major..and a Captain... 
were kill'd, the former by a dropping Shot. 1814 Scotr 
Wav. xxxvi, A few mooring. shots fired about the spot. 1890 
Century Mag. July 447/2 dropping fire of musketry. 

4. Falling in value, or in any scale. 

1894 Times 23 Apr. 13/3 Small occupiers. . were. . benefited 
by dropping prices. 
‘ppingly, adv. [f. prec. +-1y?.] Ina 
dropping manner; drop by drop; one by one. 

exqg00 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 278 If he makip watir drop- 
pynii and a litil at oonys. 161r Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. 
1x. (1632) 629 They came droppingly in, and became good 
Subiects. 1844 Mrs. Brownine Vision of Poets Concl. vi, 
The dew sliding droppingly From the leaf-edges. 

Dropple. rare. [Arbitrary dim. of Drop sé.] 
A little drop. 

Bar Crare Vill. Minstr. 1. 132 The gudgeons.. Startling 
as each nimble eye Saw the rings the dropples 


made. 
it (drg'pi), a. Now dial. [f. Drop sd, 


+-¥l.] Given to dropping ; dripping, rainy. 

1635 Swan Sfec. M. v. § 2 (1643) 130 A bow of many 
colours ; appearing in a dewie, dark, droppie, and hollow 
cloud. 1828 Craven Dial., Droppy, wet, rainy. ‘We've 
hed a vara droppy time’. 1834 Witson in Blackw, Mag. 
XXXV. 789 It is dewy and droppy, and mild and misty. 

ene. A term used loosely or in- 
correctly for drop or act-drop (Drop sd. 16); also 
for the final scene of a play or drama in real life, 


that on which the curtain drops. 


'UNNINGHAM 
method of 


682, 
x8rgtr. Paris Chit-Chat(1816)1. 191 Inordertom 
scene, B i. (18) 


jon 1880 G. 
with 


1727 Baitey vol. II, Drofsicalness, having a dropsy. 1785 
Eugenius 1. 84 He .. was somewhat dropsically disposed. 
1865 Dickens Mut, Fr.1. iii, That stood dropsically bulging 
over the causeway. 

Dropsied (drp‘psid), 2. [f. Dropsy sé. + -ED2.] 
Having the dropsy ; swollen with or as with water ; 
watery ; inflated, turgid. 

1601 Suaks. Ad's Weill u1. iii. 135 Where great addition 
swells, and vertue none, It is a dropsied honour. a@ 1631 
Drayton Noah in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 119 The drop- 
sied clouds, see, your destruction threat. 1762-9 FALconEeR 
Shipwr. u. 640 Our dropsied ship may founder by the lee. 
1793 W. Roverts Looker-on No. 65 111. 14 An infant with 


a dropsied head. 

ar Dro:pstone. Obs. [f. Dropsd. orv. + StoNE.] 
An old popular name for stalactites and stalag- 
mites, formed by the dropping of water. 

1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth w. (1723) 211 The 
common Stadactites, Lapis Stillatitius, or Drop-stone.. 
hanging down from the Tops and Sides of Grotto’s. 1708 
Phil. Trans. XXVI1. 79 Staluguiten The Drop-stone. 1762 
tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. V. 211 A spacious and very humid 
cavern, with a variety of figures in it in dropstone. 

Bropsy (drp'psi),sd.(a.) Forms: 3-5 dropesie, 
4 dropecy, -sy €, 5 dropsye, 6 dropcey, 6-7 drop- 
sie, 4~dropsy. [aphetic form of ME. z-, ydropsy, 
Hypropsy, q.v.] 

1. A morbid condition characterized by the ac- 
cumulation of watery fluid in the serous cavities 
or the connective tissue of the body. 

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 364/10 Some fullen in-to be dropesie. 
13.. Cursor M. 11829 (Cott) Ydropsi [Gdét. propsi, Fair, 
Trin, pe dropesy) held him sua in threst. 1388 Wyciir 
Luke xiv. 2 A man sijk in the dropesie [1382 syk in ydropesie]. 
©1440 Gesta Rom. xviii. 54 (Harl. MS.) A man that hath the 
dropey. ¢1491 Chast. Goddes Chyld. 21 They fall in to 
dropesie. 1538 Starkey Zngland 1. iii. 79 In a dropcy 
the body ys vnweldy, vnlusty and slo. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
x1. 488 Dropsies, and Asthma’s and poste erm Rheums. 
1789 W. Bucnan Dom. Med. (1790 567 A dropsy of the 
brain. Buttock Caseaux’ Midwtf. 297 Dropsy of the 
Cellular ‘lissue is quite a frequent occurrence. i 

Jig. 261x Ricn Honest. Age (2844) 37 Pampered in 
.. the very dropsie of excesse. 1648 won Colast. Wks. 
(1851) 345 The gout and dropsy of a big margent, litter'd 
and overlaid with crude and huddl'd quotations. ; 

b. ‘In fish-culture, a disease of young trout. 
(Cent. Dict.) 

ec. A disease in succulent plants, from an excess 
of water; anasarca. 
“< in Worcester. 1864 WensTer cites WricnT. 
+2. f An insatiable thirst or craving. Ods. 

1548 J. Haves in Strype Eccl. Mem. 11. App. Q. 50 The 
great dropsy and the insatiable desire of riches of some men, 
1612 Dexker /t be not good Wks. 1873 111. 358 Seas could 
not quench his dropsie. 1717 L. Howet Desiderius (ed. 3) 
41 Ambition. .will prove an insatiable Dropsy. ; . 

3. Comb., as dropsy-breeding, -dry, -like, -sick adjs. 

1570 Levins Manip. 54/37 Dropsyseke,hydropicus. 1603 J. 
Davies Microcosm, (1876) 25(D.) 7 dropsy-drie forbeare 
to drinke Because they know their ill ‘twould aggravate. 
a 1618 Syivester Memorials of Mortalitie 1. xx, As one 
dropsie-sick. 1619 R. Harris Drunkard's Cup 14 This 
Dropsilike di is almost i ble. 

+B. attrib. or as adj. = Dropsical. Obs. 

Promp. Parv. 133/1(Pynson) yy man or woman, 

Fre Fil yee roars isc. \Arb.) 137 The dropsy 
dryeth that Tantale in the flood Endureth. 1617 Hreron 
Wks. (1619-20) II. 219 Like a dropsie-man, who the more hee 
drinks, the more he desires to drinke. -_ Yng. Man's 
Cail. 80 It was their cups which..brought the dropsie 
corpse so soon thither. 

+b. fig. Charged with water. Ods, 

1598 Svivester Du Bartas u.ii. 1, Ark 523 All th’ Earth's 
dropsie vapours. 1683 Cuacknitt 7healma § CZ. 160 Anon 
a Dropsie cloud Puts out the Sun. 


» 


treated as [ 
vb.] To drop pieces of money or 

competition or rivalry, trying which can 

the other; to compete in alternate efforts, to bid 
against each other, to vie. a 

1598 FLorio, Rinuitare, to reuye it againe at ac game, 
Sse ts tate ee os 
— Burgers, Yarmouth shall di vie with them to the 

Edward groate they are . 1605 Campen Rem, 
191 When twoo Monkes were at drop-vied Bezantines. .before 
him for an Abbey. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past.1.i, He 
there would sit, and withe the well drop vie That it before 
his eyes would first run drie. 

Hence + Drop-vie sb. Ods., a competition in which’ 
each tries to outdo the other. : 

1 FLorio, Rinuito, a reuye, a drop vye at any game. 

ropwise (dry'pwaiz), adv. [see -wisk.} In 
the manner of a drop; prop by drop. . 

1673 Phil, Trans. VILI1. 6156 His urine coming from him 
drop-wise. | 1859 Tennyson Vivien 272 1 cull'd the spring 
‘That gather'd trickling dropwise from the cleft. 

(drp*pwoat). [f. Drop sd.+ Wort; 
in reference to L. name /2/ipendula, i.e. pendulous 
threads.] A name applied to certain plants having 
tuberous root-fibres. 

l. Common, Field, or Mountain Dropwort, a 
plant, Spirwa Filipendula, belonging to the same 
genus as Meadowsweet, but scentless. Extended, 
with defining words, to other species of Spirza, 

1 Turner Libelius, Phellandryon ..wulgus Filipen- 

ulam & Dr wort nuncupat. 1578 Lyre Dodoens 1. 
xxviii. 40 Of filipendula or Dropworte..The rootes be 
small & blacke, whereon is hanging certaine small knops 
or blacke pellets, as in the rootes of the female Pionye, 
=e T, they bea great deale smaller. 1863 Buckman in 
Gard. Chron. 23 May 493 The Field Dropwort is a denizen 
for the most of uplands on calcareous soils. 1879 
Miss Pives ambles Wild Flowers (ed. 3) 102 The Willow- 
leaved Drop-wort (S. salicifolia) is. . frequent in shrubberies.* 

2. Aname for species of Gnanthe (esp. C2. fistu- 
Josa), often distinguished as Water Dropwort. 
Hemlock (Water) Dropwort, CE. crocata. 

1597 Gerarve //erbal gor There be divers sorts of Drop-. 
woorts, some of the champion or fertill pastures. .and some 
of the water .. 3 Narrow-leaved Dropwoort. Homlocke 
Dropwoort. 5 Water Dropwoort. 1747 Gent Mag. 566 
Four children had eaten the roots of the Oenanthe aquatica 
cicutae facie hemlock-dropwort). 1835 Hooker brit. Flora 
131 Oenanthe, Water Drop-wort. 

+Drosen. Oés. Forms: 1 drésna (/.), 4 
drosen, 5 drowsyn. [see Dross.] Dregs. 

c1000 AEtrric Gram. xlvii. (Z.) 271 Hi druncon o3 3a 
drosna, 11.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker Fex, drosne. . ¥ 
Lana. P. Pd. C. 1x. 193 Drosenes d drynke for 
menye ©1475 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker Hee 
amurca, drowsyn, f 

|| Droshky (drp'fki), drosky (drp'ski). Also 
droitzschka, drojeka, droshka, -ke, -ki, droska, 
droskcha. [ad. Russ. zpoan drozhhi, dim. of 
aporn drogi waggon, hearse; properly pl. of 

‘roga perch, or ‘reach’ of a four-wheeled vehicle. 
So Fr. droschki, Ger. droschhe.] 

A kind of vehicle: orig. and prop. a Russian low 
four-wheeled carriage without a top, consisting of a 
narrow bench on which the passengers sit 
or sideways, their feet resting on bars near the 
ground; hence transferred to other vehicles in use 
elsewhere ; in some German towns the name of the 
ordinary four-wheelers or fiacres plying for hire. 

1808 Sir R. K. Porter Trav. Sk. Russ. & Swed. (1813) 
I. iii, 23 A sort of hireabl hine..d inated a Dro- 
jeka. Jéid. 11, xxviii. 20 The vehicle being a droshky, 
there was no other servant but the coachman. 1826 
Scorr ¥rni. 25 June, Blair-Adam] We drove in the 
Scale end walceviae . Rawhek in 


Russia 255 They were taken home bythe police in drosh- 
skies. Freeman in Stephens Life (189s) IL. 58 At 
Frankfurt .. to get on the Bavarian age Fe ve to take a 
droschke, 1882 Stratrnesk Sits fr. Blinkbonny xiii. 294 
He met the drosky containing Mrs. Barrie and the children. 
attrib, 1838 J. L. Srernens Trav. Greece, etc. 71/1 The 
drosky boy. . in a long surtout, . sits on the end. 
Drosometer (drosp'm/ta1). [mod. f. Gr. 5péaos 
dew: see -MeTER. In F. drosomeétre.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the quantity of dew deposited. 
1825 W, Hamiton ict Arts, etc. (Worc.) 1866 L. P. 
Casetta in W. C. Wells Zss. Dew 7 To measure the quans 
tity of dew deposited each night, an instrument is used 
called a drosometer. 
Dross (drys), sb. Also: 1-6 dros, 5~7 drosse. 
OE. drés = MLG. drés, MDu. droes di A 
engthened form, Drosen, ME. drosne, OE. 4 
corresponds to OHG. “ruosana, MHG., ¢ruosen, 
Ger. drusen pl. husks of grapes, lees, dregs. See 
Kuhn's Zeitschr. XXXIV. 513 (1896).] - 
1. The scum, recrement, or extraneous matter 
thrown off from metals in the process of melting. 
edgier! 
Be fare. 1349 Pr, Consc. 3339 Als gold, pat 


¢ 1817 on in tthe. form mabe el 

vie, drop-vie, v#/. phr. Obs. [f. Dror 
sometimes a 

the in 

outdo 


DROSS. 

shynes clere and bright:.Whar it put in fire to fyn mare 
Yhit suld it leve sum dros : ease Proms. Parv. 133/t 
Drosse of metalle, scorium. x akLuyt Voy. I. 91 (R.) 
As hard as the drosse of iron. Phil. Trans. X11. 

2 There swims on the Metal .. a Scum, which they call 

oss; much like to Sclag or Dross of Iron. 1725 De 

For Voy. round World (1840) 239 Separate the gold by 
fire from the dross and mixture. 1830 Tennyson Poenis 
123 Turn..dross to gold with glorious alchemy. 1881 Ray- 
monn Mining Gloss., Dross, the material skimmed from the 
surface of freshly melted, not perfectly pure metal, 

+b. Volcanic scoria. Obs. rare. 

x8rx Pinkerton Petral. II. 307 Above are great masses 
of sand, red drosses, and puzzolana. . 

e. A workman’s name for protoxide of lead. 

1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 111. 73 Fresh quantities of litharge 
or pot dross..are from time to time thrown in. 1879 Cas- 
sell's Techn. Educ. 1V. 81/1 The first step..is to convert the 
lead into .. protoxide, which is more usually called ‘ dross’ 
by the workmen than litharge or massicot. f 

d. An alloy incidentally formed in the zinc-bath, 
by the action of the zinc on the iron pot and iron 
articles dipped. (Wahl Galvanopl. Manip. 1884). 

2. Dreggy, impure, or foreign matter, mixed with 
any substance, and detracting from its purity; e.g. 
the dregs or lees of oil or wine, the chaff of corn, etc. 

¢ 1440 Pronp. Parv. 133/1 Drosse of corne, acus, cribal- 
dum. 1594 PLat Fewedl-ho. uu. 12 You shall find a fourth 
or fifth part of drosse in the best butter. 16126 Surri. & 

Marknu. Country Farme 39 She shall reserue the drosse of 
the Grapes shee presseth, /é7d. 46 Take the drosse of oyle 
of Linseed. 1812 J. Smytu Pract. Customs (1821) 379 Re- 
port what allowance ought to be made for dross and dirt on 
the Bees-wax. 

b. A miner’s name for iron pyrites in coal; also, 
small or waste coal, the screenings of the coalhills. 
_ 1829 Gover Hist. Derby 1. 234 Many of the coal-seams 
.-have considerable quantities of brasses or drosses in them, 
which are lumps of iron pyrites. 1854 Encycl. Brit. VIL. 
117/1 A heap of dross or small coal. 1872 Daily News 12 
Oct., Great black mounds of coal dross. 1892 Labour 
Commission Gloss., Dross, ‘small coal’ (/bid. s.v. Coal, the 
duff, slag, or waste, which arises from the sorting of the large 
coal into nuts,and which passes through the screen bars]. 
1894 Times 16 Apr. 4/3 Quietness rules in the coal trade.. 
Dross is scarce and dearer. 

ce. Salt-making. ‘The refuse or marl left after 
dissolving rock-salt in water.’ Chester Gloss. 1884. 

3. fig. from 1 and 2. (Cf. dregs, DrEe 3.) 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 5 Our lorde wolde not 
that we sholde take the drosse of the lawe of Moyses. 1677 
W. Husparp Narrative 119 The Dregs and Lees of the 
Earth, and Drosse of Mankinde. 1745 A. Butter Lives of 
Saints (1836) 104 The seventh general persecution, per- 
mitted by God to purge away the dross of his flock. 1810 
Scorr Lady of L. u. xxii, A human tear From passion’s 
dross refined and clear. 

4. In general: Refuse; rubbish; worthless, im- 
pure matter. 

.¢ 1440 Prontp, Parv. 133/1 Drosse, or fylthe .. qwat so it 
be, ruscum, rusculum. 1596 DALrympte tr. Leséie's Hist. 
Scot. 1x. 200 His chambre ., with the tempest was dung in 
dros. 1632 G. FLetcuer Christ's Tri. 26 So tinne for silver 
goes, and dunghill drosse for gold. 1671 Mitton P. R. 11. 
23 All treasures and all gain esteem as dross. 1742 YouNG 
Nt. Th. tv. 428 The stars, tho’ rich, what dross their gold to 
thee. 1876 Geo. Etior Dax. Der. 1. i, He was of different 
quality from the human dross around her. 

5. attrib. and Comé., as dross heap, iron; dross- 
Full, dross-rich adjs. 

1428 in Surtees Misc. (1888) 2 And iiije and mo peces of fals 
drosseyren. 1598 Sy_vestER Du Bartas u. Ded. 14 Such 
sparks may flame..A higher pitch, then dross-full Vanity. 
188: W. T. Ross Poems 69 The dross-rich earthling leaves 
life’s stage. 1893 Peet Sfen Valley 13 Having stood for a 
long time on the edge of a dross heap. 

Dross, v. [f. prec. sb.] 

+1. trans. Dross out: to sift out as dross. Obs. 

1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 105 In every bushell of 
meale..there is very neare a pecke of chizell drossed out. 

+2. To render drossy or impure; to corrupt. Ods. 

3648 Eart WestMmip. Ofia Sacra (1879) 69 Of full Power 
to refine the deed Our Parents Dross'd by their Corruption. 

3. To convert (lead) into ‘dross’ or protoxide. 

. 1891 Address Brit. Assoc. in Nature 27 Aug., In ‘ dross- 
ing’ molten lead, the oxidation of the lead is greatly pro- 
moted by the presence of a trace of antimony. 

4. To free from dross, remove dross from. 

1884 W. H. Want Galvanopl. Manip. 529. (Cent. Dict.) 
a ssard,-art. Ols. [a. mod.Du. drossaard, 


a transformation (through drossaet, drossaert, 
Kilian, 1599) of MDu. drossdte = MLG. drosséte, 
drotzéte (mod.LG. droste, Du. drost), MHG. truhe- 
pr OHG, *truhtsdggo, truhsdggo, trutsdgo:— 
OTeut. type *druhtisétjon-, f. druhti-, truhti-, 
people, company, retinue + s#¢jon- one who sits ; 
ence, ‘ he who sits or presides at the meals of the 
druht’. See Kluge s.v. Zruchsetz, Franke s.v. 
Drossaard.| A steward, high bailiff, prefect. — 
1678 Lond. Gaz. No. 1287/3 The Drossarts and Bailiffs of 
the several places in the Country of Waes, are summoned 
ie Ghent, to swear Fealty to the French King. 1685 /dic. 
0. 1998/2 The Provost of the Court, the Drossart of Bra- 
bant, and the Mareschal-General, are commanded to have 
their Companies abroad for the executing the said Placeat. 
+ Dro'ssel, drosell. 04s. [Origin obscure: 
ef. Drazet, DrarcHett.] A sloven, a slut. 
158r Nuce Seneca’s Octavia iv, That drosell dyre, that 
furious slut, Erin. 1602 Warner AZ, Eng. 1x. xlvii, (1612) 
219 Now dwels each Drossell in her Glasse. 1617 Minsueu 
‘or, Panguts..an vaweldie Drossell, nothing but guts. 


, 


683 


Drosser (drp'so1). Glass-making. [Corrupted 
from F. dressotr, dresser, frame, etc.] A separating 
iron frame placed between sets of tables in the 
annealing kiln, 

3856 H. Cuance in ¥rnl. Soc. Arts 15 Feb. (On Glass) 
Iron frames or drossers, which divide the tables into sets, 
the first drosser leaning against the wall of the kiln, the 
second against the first, and so on. 

Drossiness (dry'sinés). [f. Drossy a. + -NESS.] 
The quality or condition of being drossy. 

1639 Rouse Heav. Univ. ix. (1702) 121 Purge thy soul 
from carnal drossiness. 1652-62 Heyin Cosmogr. 1v. (1682) 
60 The Myrrha of these parts had the name of Barbara, from 
the drossiness and coarseness of it. a1691 BoyLe Ws. 
I, 275 (R.) To refine us from our earthly drossiness. 

Dro:ssless, . oe -LESS.] Free from dross. 

1846 WorcESTER cites STEVENS. 

Drossock, var. of Drassock. 

Brossy (drg'si), 2. [f. Dross sd. + -y.] 

1. Of metals, ete.: Characterized by containing 
dross or scorious matter, or waste and worthless 
material ; of the nature of dross; dreggy, feculent. 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. x. 106 Yf thi mede is drossy, 
bareyn, olde, Let plough hit eft. xs9z Davies /smort. 
Soul Introd. xl, So doth the Fire the drossy Gold refine. 
1667 Mitton P. L. v. 442 The Empiric Alchimist Can turn 
.-Metals of drossiest Ore to perfet Gold. 1757 A. Cooper 
Distiller 1. xx. (1760) 83 The recrementitious or drossy Parts 
of the sugar. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. IL. ut. 158 As 
kingly gold To our thin brass, or drossy lead. 

2. transf. and fig. Impure, mixed with impurities. 

1579 J. Stusses Gaping Gulf A vij, Yet shal papistes be 
to light and to drossie to marry with vs. 1627-77 FELTHAM 
Resolves 1. \xx. 106 Words being rather the drossie part, 
Conceit I take to be the principal. 1854 FaserR Growth 
in Holiness xii. (1872) 205 We find our actions to be..only 
the drossy compound of nature and grace. 

[Du. 


| Drosty. 5S. Africa. Also drostdy. 
drosty, drostij, f. drost bailiff: cf. Drossarp.] 
The official residence of a /and-drost (no longer in 
use in Cape Colony). 

1812 Miss Piumtre tr. Lichtenstein's S. Africa 1. 172 
The Drosty at Zwellendam was built of like materials. 
1834 PrincLe A/. Sk. ix. 296 The source of the Ghamka, 
where the drostdy, or district village of Beaufort had been 
recently erected. 

+ Drote, v. Ods. [Etymology unknown.] 77fr. 
To stammer, stutter. Hence + Droting ///. a. and 
vol. sb.; + Drotingly adv. ; + Droter, a stutterer. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 133/2 Drotare, traulus, traula, 
Drotyn yn speche, ¢vazlo. Drotynge, traudatus, Drot- 
yngly, ¢vaude. 

Drou, drough, drou3, obs. pa. t. of Draw v. 

Drouery, var. Drurry, Ods. 

Droug, drougge, obs. ft. Druc. 

Drought (draut), drouth (draup, Sc. drip). 
Forms: a. 1 driga6, -o3, 3 (Orm.) druhhpe, 4 
dru3pe, drouhpe, dro3pe, 5 droughpe, drou3th, 
6-8 drougth, 7-8 droughth; 4-7 drouthe, 5 
drowpe, 5-8 drowth, (6 droutht), 4- drouth 
(now dial. or arch.). B. 3-4 druzt(e, 4 dro3zt(e, 
drohut, 4-5 drou3t(e, 4-6 droght(e, drught, 
5 droughte, drowghte, drouht, drowte, 4- 
drought. [OE. drigad, -0d, f. drig- stem of 
dryge Dry, q.v. Cf. Du. droogte, f. droog dry. 
From an early period the final -¢4 after 3 varied 
with -¢ (cf. Aighth, height :—OE. hiehpu), and this 
form is established in standard English, while 
arouth, drowth has continued in Sc. and northern 
dialects, and is often used by Eng. poets.] 

1. The condition or quality of being dry; dryness, 
aridity, lack of moisture. arch. 

a. axroo Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 317/24 Siccitas, druzad, 
odde hed. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 17 It bryngip vn- 
kindly drowpe to woundis. 1658 Evetyn Fr. Gard. (1675 
gx The drouth of the ground. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. (1691 
48 The Heat, Coldness, Drowth, Moisture .. of Air. 1833 
TENNyson Fatima 13, I look’d athwart the burning drouth 
Of that long desert to the south. a 1846 Lanvor /mag. Conv. 
Ser. 1. xiii. Wks. 1846 I. 68 Grubs .. which die, the moment 
they tumble out of the nutshell and its comfortable drouth. 

B. @ 1300 Cursor M. 6365 Ne for na drught ne for na wat. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ww. iii. (1495) 81 Droughte 
and moysture ben contrary. c¢1440 Promp. Pary. 133/2 
Drowte, sicc/tas. Cocan Haven Health clxi. (1636) 
154 Old doves for their..drought and hardnesse of digestion, 
are to bee eschewed. 1643 Licutroot Glean, Ex. (1648) 28 
Called Horeé, from the rocky drought of it. 1727 W. MATHER 
Yng. Man's Comp, 27 Drought, a driness. 

b. fig. (With quot. 1652 cf. Dry a. 15.) 

1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman d’Alf. 1. 203 The 
great drought that we suffer in our soules. 1642 Micron 
Afol. Smect. Wks. 1738 I. 118 The sluce .. that feeds the 
drowth of his Text, 1652 J. Hatt Height Eloquence p. vi, 
All men naturally aim at high things, and ambitiously avoid 
the imputation of drought or weaknesse. 1872 G. Mac- 
ponato Wilf, Cumb, 1. xxviii. 286, ‘I daresay’, returned 
Charley, with drought. 

2. spec. Dryness of the weather or climate; lack 
of rain. (The current sense.) 

a, ¢1200 OrMIN 8625 Forr batt te land wass dri33edd all 
And scorrenedd purrh be druhhpe. 13.. Z. E. Addit. P. 
B. 524 Ne hete, ne no harde forst, vmbre ne drozbe. ¢ 1449 
Pecock Refr, 1. xviii. 108 In tyme of drou3th. . 1535 
Coverpae 1 Kings xvii, Contents of Ch., A greate drouth 
& derth in Elias tyme. 1673 TempLe Obs. United Prov. 
Wks. 1731 I. 75 There happen'd .. a mighty Drowth in the 


DROUKING. 


Lary pat jag the Summer. 1865 Swinsurne Song in Time 
of Revol. 22 The tender dew after drouth. 

B. cx250 Gen. & Ex. 2348 So sal dru3te de feldes deren. 
¢1386 Cuaucer Pro/. 2 Whan that Aprille with hise shoures 
soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote. 
2arsoeo Metr. Prov. in Rel. Ant. I. 323 After droght 
commyth rayne..after rayne, Commyth drought agayne. 
1666 DrypEN Ann. Mirad. cx, As in a drought the thirsty 
creatures cry And gape upon the gathered clouds for rain. 
1727-46 THOMSON Summer 1446 Streams unfailing in the 
Summer's drought. 1883 H. Drummonp Nat. Law 7m Spir. 
W.v. (1884) 148 Subject to occasional and prolonged droughts. 

1620 Mipp.Leton Chaste Maid v. i, A drouth of 
virtue, And dearth of all repentance. 1640 FULLER Foseph's 
Coat Serm., i. (1867) 104 The drowth and scorching heat of 
persecution. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades 1, 82 A secret 
spring of joy, Which mocked the droughts of Fate. 

+ 3. Dry or parched land, desert. Ods. rare. 

axooo Ps. Lamb. 189 a, 21 (Bosw.) Bearn Israela eodon 
burh drugope. 1671 Mitton P. A. mt. 274 To South the 
Persian Bay, And inaccessible the Arabian drouth. 

4, Thirst. arch. and dal. 

a, 1393 Lanci. P. P2. C. xvi. 253 Whenne bow clomsest 
for colde ober clyngest for drouthe. 1g00-20 Dunpar Poens 
xl. 28 Off wyne.. ‘They drank twa quartis .. Of drowth sic 
excess did thame constrene. 1548 Hatt Chvon., Hen. V//, 
53b, He called for drynke..one of hys chambrelaynes mer- 
vellynge, requyred the cause of hys drouth, 1671 MiLton 
P. R. 1. 325 His carcass, pined with hunger and with 
droughth. 1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero's De Fintbus 63, lam 
taking it off to quench my Droughth. 1726 Leon A lbert7’s 
Archit. I. 82/2 That burning drowth of the mind, which 
kept you waking. 1855 Browninc De Gustibus ii, Where 
the baked cicalas die of drouth. 

B. 1588 Losses Span. Navy in Harl. Misc. (Mabh.) IT. 52 
Their flesh meat they cannot eat, their drought is so great. 
1705 Stannore Paraphr. 11. 560 Feeling himself afflicted 
with a vehement Drought. 1847-8 H. Mitter First Impr. 
XVI. (1857) 272. I asked. .[for] something to slake my drought. 

5. attrib. and Comb. 

c12s0 Gen. & Ex. 2107, vii. lene [eares] .. Welkede, and 
smale, and dru3te numen [= drought-seized), 1822 T 
Mritcue et Aristoph. 1, 169 That I may wet my drought- 
parch’d mind. 1890 Daily News 1 Oct. 2/6 They traversed 
the same drought-stricken plain. 

Broughty (drauti), drouthy (drawpi, Sv. 
drav‘pi), a. [f. DroucHT +-y: cf. maghly, werghty.] 

1. Dry, without moisture ; arid. 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars 1, xvii, Yet not one drop fall 
from thy droughtie eyes! 1643 Licutroor Glean. Ex. 
(1648) 28 Out of the droughty rocke Moses .. bringeth forth 
water, 1708 J. Puitirs Cyder 11. Poems (1763) 92 Thou must 
With tasteless water wash thy droughty throat. 1850 
Brownine Christmas Eve xv, His cough, like a drouthy 
piston, Tried to dislodge the husk that grew to him. 

Jig. 1818 Byron Yuan 1. ccv, Campbell's Hippocrene is 
somewhat drouthy. 1848 Hare Guesses 1. (1874) 561 Men 
of drowthy hearts and torpid imaginations. 

2. Characterized by drought; deficient in rainfall. 

1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) 1. 261 
Preach unto the droughty earth ; Persuade it, if thou canst, 
to shun the rain. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 315 In 
droughty hot weather. 1739 LaBEtye Short Acc. Piers 
Westm. Bridge 5 Droughty Seasons. 1818 Scotr //7¢, 
Midi. xiii, As drouthy as the weather had been. 

3. Thirsty ; often = addicted to drinking. 

eo. 1626 T. H[awxins] Caussin's Holy Crt. 71 The children 
of rich men become drouthy amongst a masse of fountaynes. 
1691 Tryon W7sd. Dictates 115, 1 am never droughthy as 
those are that eat Flesh. 1790 Burns Zam o’ Shanter 2 
When. .drouthy neebors, neebors meet. 1879 Temple Bar 
Oct. 237 The dusty, drouthy wayfarers. 

B. @1713 SLoane in Derham PAys.- Theol. x. Note 27(R.) 
A limpid..water, or sap, as gives new life to the droughty 
traveller or hunter. 18x12 Byron Ch. Har. 1. xix. (Orig. 
Draft), [He] droughty then alights, and roars for Roman 
purl. 1863 Wuittier Cobbler Keezar's Vision 37 But that 
droughty Bik should be jolly Puzzles my poor old wits, 

Hence Drou'ghtiness. 

1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God 1. Pref 63 These Methods 
..will..refresh the Droughtiness of the Soul. 

Drouguist, obs. f. Drucaisr. 

Drouh, obs. pa. t. of Draw z 

Drouk, drook (drvk), v. Sc. and orth. dial. 
Also (6 drokke), 9 drowk. [Origin uncertain: 
cf. ON. drukna to be drowned, drukkit drunk, and 
DRuNK v.] trans. To drench (as with heavy rain), 
Hence Drouked, Sc, droukit, A//. a. 

1513 DouGias 4ineis x. vi. 44 Bot finaly, all droukit and 
forwrocht, Thai salffit war, and warpit to the cost. 1619 
Z. Boyp Last Battell (1629) 302 (Jam.) Heare how the 
drouked man [Jonah] sang at last. @1774 FERGUSSON 
Cauler Oysters Poems (1845) 7 If ye hae catch’d a droukit 
skin. ar Burns Weary Pund o' Tow ii, And aye she 
took the tither souk To drouk the stowrie tow. 1823 GALT 
Entail l,i. 9 Foul would hae been the gait, and drookins 
the shower. ¢ 1836 R. Dick in Smiles Lz/e (1878) 64 Wit 
the mist swooping about you and drooking your whiskers 
and eyebrows. 1868 ATKinson Cleveland Gloss., Drouk, to 
drench, 1869 C. Gisson RX. Gray iv, Men and cattle were 
‘drookit’ and uncomfortable. 

Drouke, var. Drowk vz. 

+ Drouken, v. Oés. rare. [Etymol. uncertain: 
perh, a. ON. drukna to be drowned, taken fig.] 
?To be sunk in slumber or a swoon. Hence 
Droukening, drouknyng, deep slumber, swoon. 

ar Body & Soul 1 (MS, Laud) Als I lay in a winteris 
ny[h]t in a droukening (Roy, I/S. drouknynge, Vernon MS, 
droupnynge] bifor the day. a1400 Leg. Rood 141 Alle pei 
seiden pei weore sori, Fordolled in a drouknyng dred. 

+ Drouking, 4/. sb. Obs. [Deriv. uncertain: 
cf, DRowK v.] ? Crouching, cowering. 

¢1490 Promp. Parv. 113 (Heber MS.) Droukynge [Pynson 
droukinge, Ha7?, MS. Darynge or aah = Vatitatio. 

6*—2 


'DROUL. 


+Droul, v. Obs. or dial. Also drool. [ef. Sc. 
droul ‘to bellow as a hart,’ Jam.] ¢vans. To utter 
mournfully. 

a Hacker Ads. Williams u, 224 O Sons and 
Daughters of Jerusalem, droul out an Elegy for good King 
Josias. 1845 Jamizson, Drood,..to cry in a low and mourn- 
ful tone. 

Droumslade: see DrumsLape, Oés., a drum. 

+Droumy, a. Obs. rare. ~ [? Related to Sc. 
Dromty.] Turbid. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xxiii. § 45 To set on fire and 
trouble states, to the end to fish in droumy waters. 1640 
Watts tr. Lat. version of do. 421 To become an incendiarie 
and a perturber of states, to the end he may better fish in 
droumy waters [L. turbidis aguis]. 1847-78 Hatiiwett, 
Droumy, dirty, muddy. Devon. 

+Droun, v. Oss. rare—!. [Related to ON. 
drynja, Sw. dréna to roar, bellow, mod.G. dréhnen 
to roar, and so to Drone sb.!, q.v.] intr. To roar. 

I Alisaunder 985 Hee drouned as a dragon, drede- 
full of noyes. 

Droun, Droup, obs. ff. Drown, Droop. 

Drounslade, -slet, etc.: see DRUMSLADE. 

Drourie, -ry, var. Drurry, Ods. 

Drouse, -ze, -sie, obs. ff. DrowsE, Drowsy. 

Drouth, drouthy, var. of Drovent, -y, q.v. 

Drove (dré"v), st. Forms: 1-2 dréf, 3 drof, 4- 
drove, (5 drowe, worth. drafe, draffe, drawe, 6 
droave, Sc. drave). [OE. drd/, from 2nd ablaut 
grade of drifan to DRivE.] 

I. +1. The action of driving. (Only OE.) 

9 Blickl. Hom. 199 He pa se fear pxs hyrdes drafe 
forhogode. 

2. A number of beasts, as oxen, sheep, etc., driven 
in a body; a herd, flock. 

a1t21 O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1016 Hi drifon. .heora 
drafa in to Medewaze. c¢1, Will. Palerne 181 Whanne 
he went hom eche ni3t wip is droue of bestis. 1483 Cath. 
Angl. 107 A Drawe of nowte [A. a Draffe of Nowte], 
armentum. 1555 Even Decades 300 They go..with theyr 
droues of cattayle. 1§76 Freminc Panof/. Efist. 27 He 
had also, gathered together, as it were in a droave, much 
cattel. a1674 CLarenpon Hist. Red. x1. § 48 Market day, 
when great droves of little Horses, laden with sacks of 
corn, allways resorted to the Town. 1837 Lytron &, 
Maltrav. 11 He passed a drove of sheep. 

b. transf. A crowd, multitude, shoal (of other 
animals, or of human beings, esp. when moving in 
a body; also fg. of things). 

101g Wutrstan Hom. xxxiii. (1883) 163 [Hi] drifab 3a 
drafe cristenra manna fram se to sx. c12ag0 Gen. & Ex. 
102 It mai ben hoten heuene-Rof; It hiled al dis werldes 
drof. 1gg90 Spenser F. Q. ut viii. 29 Proteus .. Along the 
fomy waves driving his finny drove. 1596 Datrympce tr. 
Leslie's Hist. Scot, 1. 51 In draues as it war, returnes to 
thair awne cuntrey. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 230 That olde 
popish rule, to follow the droue, and to beleeue as the 
church beleeueth. 1 Wasuincton Milton's Def. Pop. 
M.’s Wks. 1738 I. 494 Then a great drove of Heresies and 
Immoralities broke loose among them. 1724 De Fore 
Alem. Cavalier (1840) 164 The Welchmen came in by 
droves. 1857 Hawtuorne Fr. & /t. Frais. 11, 260 A ghost 
in every room, and droves of them in some of the rooms. 

3. Locally, esp. in the Fen District: a. A road 
along which horses or cattle are driven. b. A 
channel for drainage or irrigation. 

934 Charter of Aidelstan in Cod. Dipl. V. 217 Of 3am 
hlince andlang drafa on Sone hlinc et waddanz. tae Reg. 
Christ Ch. Cant. in Cunningham Law Dict. s.v., Pasturas.. 
cum omnibus —. drovis viis semitis & fossatis.] 
1664-5 Act 16 & 17 Chas. //, c. 11 § 13 Libertie .. to passe 
and repasse upon any .. Drove or Droves in or compassing 
the said Fenns. (J. R. Best] Personal §& Lit. Mem. 
456 The major rode in the middle of the Drove (so our fen 
roads are called). 1844 Camp of Refuge 1. 44 Droves or 
cuts to carry off the increase of water towards the Wash. 
1861 Smites Engineers I. vA Many droves, leams, eaus, 
and drains were cut. 1893 Barinc-Goutp Cheap Yack Z. 
I. 58 [In the Fens] there is no material of which roads can 
be made. In place of roads there are ‘ droves’. 

II. 4. Astone-mason’s chisel with a broad face. 

1825 Jamieson, Drove, the broadest iron used by a mason 
in hewing stones. 188: Morcan Contrib. to Amer, Ethnol. 
180 It shows no marks of the chisel or the drove, 

III. 5. Comb., as drove-dike, -way; drove- 
road, an ancient road or track along which there 
is a free right of way for cattle, but which is not 
‘ made’ or kept in repair by any authority. 

1865 Kincstey Herew. xxi, He sprang up the *drove- 
dyke. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 189 The “drove-road 
passed at no great distance. 1892 Sfectator 12 Mar. 3455/1 
The old rights-of-way known as ‘ drove-roads’ [in ee 
land], « rien News 1 Oct, 6/3 The drove road in 
Southern tland is the way once used by drovers .. from 
the extreme north. 12 Rental Glaston. (Som. Rec. 
Soc. 1891) 44 Philippus bel tenet vij acras et quoddam iter 
quod vocatur *Drofwei. 1664-5 Act 16 & 17 Chas. //, 
c. 11 § 22 The twoe Drove wayes in the said Fenns called 
the North drove and South drove. 1726 Laws of Sewers 181 
Whereby Drove Ways, Bridges &c,..shall be obstructed. 

+ Drove, v.! Obs. Also 4 druve, druvy. [Early 
ME. droven, a derivative of OE. dréf, Dror, turbid, 
troubled, disturbed. Cf. Dreve v.1] 

1. “rans. To trouble, disturb. 

ax300 E, E, Psalter iii. 2 Hou fele-folded are pai, Pat 
droves me to do me wa. a@1300 Cursor M. 11974 His 
moder mode wald he noght droue. a1340 HAMPoLe 
Psalter ii. 5 In his wodnes he sall druuy paim, did. vi. 2 
Druuyd ere all my banes, 


684 

2. intr. To become troubled or overcast. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 24418 Quer al be werld ne was bot 
night, Al droued and wex dime. . 

e, v. [f. Drove sd.; or back-formation 
from Drover.] To drive herds of cattle ; to follow 
the occupation of a drover. (¢rams. and intr.) 

Lirncow Trav. x. 459 Baptista the Coach-man, an 
Indian Negro droving out at the Sea-gate. 1805 ForsyTH 
Beauties Scott. 11. 328 Persons who drove to a considerable 
extent ought to have funds or friends of their own to be 
coy them. 188: Gentl, Mag. Jan. 61 Scores of 
highly and bred men live LS droving cattle. 

e,v3 [f. Drove sb. 4.] trans. To dress 
(stone) in parallel lines with a drove or broad 
chisel. Hence Droved //. a. 

1825 Jamieson, Drove, to hew stones for building 
means of a broad pointed instrument. 1830 Gray 47it, 
metic 98 The Droved hewn-work of said house: the rybats 
and lintels of 6 windows .. 6 soles of ditto. 1842-76 Geur 
Archit. § 1914 In Scotland, besides the above described sorts 
of work, there are some other kinds, termed droved, broached, 
and strifed. Droving is the same as that called random 
tooling in England, or boasting in London. /bid. § 1915 
The workmen will not take the same pains to drove the 
face of a stone which is to be afterwards broached. 

Drove, pa. t. (and obs. pa. pple.) of Drive z. 

Drove, var. of Dror a, Obs. 

+ Droveden (drévden). Ofs. [f. Drove sd. 
+ Den 56.1] A wooded hollow or tract into which 
swine and other beasts might be driven to feed. 

In the Weald of Kent neighbouring proprietors sometimes 
had common of pannage in these : see quots. 1778-91. 

1309 Roll of Pleas, 3 Ed. 11 (in Robinson Com. Law Kent 
(1791) 269 Arbores in praedictis terris & tenementis cre- 
scentes, una cum proficuo Pannagii, ratione Drovedenn sunt 
ipsius Archiepiscopi. 1332 Litere Cantuarienses 15 Aug. 
(Rolls No. 85) I. Lett. 463 Par les usages de Kent de drove- 
denn, le boys de cheyne et de fou deit estre le nostre,a ier, 
etacarier. -eta entrier en noz drovedenn pur les cariages faire. 
1778 Hastep Kent I. cxlii/2 A custom peculiar to the Weald, 
that the lords of whom the droved -s were holden in 
gavelkind, should have all the great oaks, ash, and beech 
growing there, together with the pannage thereof, and the 
tenants only the underwoods, or at most the oaks, ash, and 
beech, under forty years growth. 1791 T. Rosinson Comm. 
Law Kent i. viii. 265 It was usual in ancient Royal Dona- 
tions of Manors lying out of the Weald, to render the grant 
more compleat by an additional Privilege of Common of 
Pannage .. in one or more Dens in the Weald .. And these 
Denns set out for the Agistment of Hogs and other Droves 
of Cattle, were thence called Drovedennes, 

Drover (dré"va1). Also 5 drovare (Sc. dra- 
vere), 6-7 drovier. [f. Drove sd. + -ER11: cf. 
gardener, miller.) 

1. One who drives droves of cattle, sheep, etc., 
esp. to distant markets ; a dealer in cattle. 

c 1425 Wystoun Cron. vit. xxiv. 53 The Dravere he gert, 
and opir ma be examynyd, pat swne ba Tald hym, pat pe 
Carle pame stall. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 585/10 
Fugarius, a dryvere ot a drovare. 1552 Act 5 46 Edw. 
VI, c. 14 § 13 Counties where Drovers have bene wonte..to 
buy Cattell. 1309 Suaks. Much Ado u. i. 201, Cl. wish him 
ioy of her. B. Why that's spoken like an honest Drouier : so 
they sel Bullockes. 1683 Lurrrett Brief Red. (1857) i 


254 A quarrell between some gentlemen .. and a drover of 
sheep by Temple Bar. . Peacock Ralf Skiri. Ill. 
59 A little wayside alehouse..much freq by drovers. 


b. fig. A dealer, trafficker. Ods. 

1585 App. Sanpys Serm. (1841) 237 Having entered the 
temple, he findeth there. .drovers and brokers making sale. 
1602 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. Ww. ii. 1763 The yong 
drouer of liuings..that haunts steeple faires. 

2. A boat used for fishing with a drift-net. 

(Quot. 1465 is doubtful, although rendered ‘drover’ in 
Bolton and later edd. of Irish statutes.) 

1465 Stat. Roll Ireland 5 Edw. 1V, Art. 39 fc. 6 § 1] Toutz 
maners vessels. .del portage de xii tonelx ou desuys eiauntz 
une drower ou lawer [1621 Bolton's transi. All maner vessels 
_. of the burden of twelve tunnes or lesse, having one 
Drover or Boate]. 1584-5 Pat. Roll Ireland 27 Eliz., Every 
boate or drover that shail fysshe hearing within the liberties 
of the said Towne. 1590 Spenser /.Q. 11. viii. 22 He woke 
And saw his drover drive along the streame. 1603 Owen 
Pembrokesh. age ag The order of takeinge them [herrings] 
is with Drovers. 1880 1”. Cornwall Gloss., Drover, a fishing- 
boat employed in driving, or fishing with drift or float nets, 

q Exroneously for DRoGHER. 2 

1756 P. es ae 23 His goods must be shipped 
on board of some drover. 

Hence (from sense 1) Dro-vering, Dro‘vership 
(nonce-wds.), the business or occu tion of a drover. 

1838 Fraser's Mag. XVIII. 381 Far better. .have taken to 
ploughmanship or drovership. 1860 J. F. Camrsett Tales 
of we Highlands (1890) 1. 338 It was at drovering they had 


made the money. 
+ Droving, v/. si! Obs. [£ Drove v1] 


Troubling ; tribulation; disturbance. 
ax300 E.. £, Psalter ix, 22 (x. 1] In nedin in drovynge[L. 
tribulatione), it all pe drouing 


ay Cursor M. 22384 
he mai do ouer al Bis werid. 
(drd*-vin), vb/. sb.2 [f. Drove v.2} 
The occupation of driving cattle to distant markets, 
etc. ; the business of a drover. 
1881 Cheg. Career 335 Droving is very wearisome work, 
1896 Westm. Gaz. 19 June 3/3 The unconventional fi 
of colonial life, with its rough riding and droving. 
attrib, 1808 Scott Autobiog. in hart Lise i, He was 
. active in the cattle trade..and by his droving transactions 
uired a considerable sum of money. 1890 BoLprEwoopD 
Col, Reformer (1891) 83 He's not used to droving work, 
, vbl. sb.8 The dressing of stone with 
a drove : see DRovE v.3 


DROWN. 

+ (dré*-vi), a, Obs. exe. dial. [A deriv. of 
OE. and ME. dréf, turbid, troubled, Dror, or of its 
deriv. vb. Drove v.1: see -y.] Turbid; not clear 
or opaque, ‘drumly’; cloudy. 

¢ 1220 a ae So. decal x ee 
E. BE, Allit. P. 1016 A see.. Pat ay 1s drouy & 
1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 

to drynken drouy or trou! 
of the 
Cath. Angl. 110/1 


» tur bidus, > tur bulentus. 
pe. Gloss. ees in now N.C. Words 
.D.S.) 41 Druvy, limosus. KETT. 1851 
Cumbld. Cioss., jet overcast, com Pa _ 

Drow (drau),v. Now only s.w. dial. [Aphetic 
f. AproucH, Aprow, OE. adrigian. Cf. Droucut.] 


trans. To dry up. In quot. 1393, fig. 
z Lanct. P. Pi. C. xv. 22 Cont and vnkynde 
Ln ro a big ae acta ey distruyeh dobest € 1430 
‘wo Cookery-bks. 
ben drye. fog A f fered Scolding Vocks.. eS 
dry. 1888 WW’. Somerset Wd.-bk., 


, todry. (Always.) 
Drow (drau), 54.1 Sc. —_ f. ppl. stem drow- 
of Dre v. to endure, suffer, undergo, which is 


phonologically suitable.] A fit of illness; a faint- 
ing fit; a qualm. 

1727 Waker Remark. Pass. Life A. Peden 63 (Jam.) 
There was a drow of anxiety overwhelmed her about him. 
1808-18 Jamison, Drow, a fainting fit. A . B19 
W. Tennant Pafpistry Storm'd (1827) 1 yo he 
tummlet in a drow. W. Joty Life }. 
409 Inquiring. .how he felt after his drow. 

Drow, s/.2 Sc. ‘A cold mist approaching to 
rain; a drizzling shower.’ (Jam.) 

ax6r4 J. Metviit MS. Mem. 115 (Jam.) Comes off the 
hills of Lammermoor edge a great mist with a tempestuous 
showre and drow..It pleased God .. to drive away the 
showre and calm the drow, so that it fell down dead calm. 
1818 Scott Rob Roy xxii, A sort o’ drow in the air. 

Drow, obs. pa. t. of DREE; s. w. dial. £ THRow. 

Drow, drowgh, drow3, drowh, obs. pa, t. 


CAN XXXV, 


| of Draw v. 


+ Drowarie, erron. f. Drowrier, Sc. form of 
DowrirEr, dowager. 

a 1557 Diurn. Occurr.{x633)30 In this me! « the quenis 
grace drowarie past on her fute to our Lady ureit. /did. 
a ae on enis grace d ie Was it out 
of Striveling to the Parliament. 

Drowe, obs. form of Drove sb. 

Drowen, obs. pa. pple. of DREE v. 

Drowk (drauk), v. Os. exc. dial. Also 5-6 
drouke. [Deriv. uncertain: app. a parallel for- 
mation to Droop, ME. drowp; cf. Droux1inc.] 
intr. To droop, as a flower or plant. 


a _ Arnotpe Chron. 165 Yf the peche tree ne to 
drouke let hym’ be wel moysted at the rote wt ,drestis of 
wyne. 1820 Crare Rural os (ed. 3) 71 Drowking lies the 
meadow-sweet. 18ax — Vill, Minstr. 1. 133 Bumble-bees 
..Clinging to the drowking flower. 


Drown (draun), v. Forms: 4-6 drun(e, 

droun(e, (4 drounne, druen, 4-5 drone, 5-6 
drowen, Sc. drwn), 4-7 drowne, 4- drown. 
B. 6 dround, 6-7 drownd (now dial. and vulg.) 
ME. driin-, droun-, drown-, pointing to an OE. 
drinian, not found: origin obscure. 


A current —— is that ME. drin- was a ic 
reduction of ME. drunkn- or ON. drukn- (see DRUNKEN 
v.1)in the same sense. h ic and ot d 


ut, on p , 
this apps s a ne babl Pint sae — ovens, 
so widely prevalent in dialectal and vulgar use, in 
deve’ nt to astound, bound, compound, poland gn 
I. Intransitive. (Now unusual.) 

1. To suffer death by submersion in water; to 
perish by suffocation under water (or other Higa). 
a 1300 Cursor M. 11793 Pharaon wit al his folk .. pai 
drund in pe se. cx (bid. 24867 (Edin.) Al mon we druen 
{v. rv. drun, crouny Sank Barsour Bruce xiv. 358 Thai in 
Il war till droune. Caxton Gold. Leg. 256 b/s. He 
= in the water and drowned. 1549 C Scot. vi. 38 
arcissus. . for of eccho. .drounit in ane drau vel. 1654 
D. Ossorne Lef?#, Ixii. (1888) 292 If I drown by the way, 
this will be my last letter. 1856 Grinpon Life v. (1875) 59 
The bird and the mammal drown if submerged in water. 
rg. 1382 Wycur 1 Esdras iii. 23 Whan of win thei 
rown: 1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 42 Our 


1532 (Fairf.) pis werlce sulde come til 

tre be brende. ¢ 9 Henry eg 
schippis to droune. 

cxx. 144 One of the outeiies 


the moost part of them that were 


8. To suffocate (a person or animal) by sub- 
mersion in water (or other liquid). 
i relexive or pasate but aloo 


of the action of the water. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 1652, 1 sal pam alle in watur droun 
& rr. drenkil, drenche]. /é/d. 5592 Pharaon king 
elun Pat badd pe childer for to drun [v. 7. droun ¢ 1400 
Mavnpev. (Roxb.) xxxiii. 151 Sum ware vio- 
lence of be wawes. cxgzx 1st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) 
Introd. 32/2 Ther rei ne . 4533 Gau 
Richt Vay (1888) 58 Thay var drunit in fluid. 1548 


He..was Dively drouned 
Trav. mi. 109 [ 


He] 
Ibid, Vv. 178 The 


Biase Cites oe ) 
ina But vesey. 
here leaped in, and drouned himselfe, 


DROWNABLE. 


last flood did drowne the greatest part of the Inhabitants. 
1784 CowPER 7ask 11. 149 The earth shall..drown him in 
her dry and gusty gulfs. 1847 Tennyson Princ. Prol. 
Part were drown'’d within the whirling brook. 1869 &@ 
Gisson 2. Gray iv, My faither’s drooned. 

B. 1530 Patscr. 528/2, I dreynt CLydente}, I drownde, je 
noye. <a ig Plea ‘ind. Ps, cv. 15 (ed. 3) Aiij b, God .. 
drownded Pharaoh and his host in the read sea. 1727 
Swirt Past. Dial. Wks, 1814 XIV. 195 In my own Thames 
may I be drownded. 

b. Jig. (Also reff.) 

31388 Wycuir x Esdrasiii. 23 Whanne thei han be drowned 
of wyn..thei han no mynde what thinges thei diden. 1555 
Even Decades To Rar. (Arb.) 5x Men... drowned in the 
deluge of erroure. 1 D. Pert Jmpr. Sea 435 They 
drown themselves in drink. 1788 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 
29 Nov., Her Majesty .. drowned in tears. 1827 PoLitokx 
Course T. vu, He drowned himself in sleep, in wine. 

B. cx679 Roxb. Ball. (1886) VI. 146 They dy’d..in Seas 
of sorrow Drownded. 1838 Dickens Wich. Nick. v, * Just 
fill that mug up with lukewarm water, William, will you?’ 
«.‘ Why. the milk will be drownded Ge , 

+4. To sink (a ship or the like) in water; to 
send to the bottom. Odés. 

c1463 Eng. Chron. (Camden 1856) 43 On of the grettist 
carrakez..was so rent and bored in the sides .. that sone 
aftir it was dround. c1g00 Jedusine xxxvi. 270 His peuple 
assaylled strongly, and drowned foure of the sarasyns shippes. 
1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 46 Brasse and lead in the masse or 
lumpe sinke downe and are drowned. 1632 Lirucow Trav. 
1. 66 In that fight [Lepanto] there was taken and drowned 
180 of Turkish Gallies. 

5. To lay under or cover with water, etc.; to 
submerge, flood, inundate, deluge; to drench. 

1300 Cursor M. 1532 Pat bis werld suld cum til end, Or 
drund wit watur, or wit fir brend. 1500-20 Dunpar Poems 
Ixxii. roo My visage all in watter dround. 1556 Chron. Gr. 
Friars (Camden) 19 The watter of the Temse by excesse of 
floode..incresid on the londe unto Populer, and drownyd 
many howsys and feldes and medowes. 1696 PAil. Trans. 
XIX. 353 When the Fens are drowned, 1708 J. C. Compl. 
Collier (1845) 29 Seueral good Collieries .. lye unwrought 
and drowned for want of such Noble Engines. 1861 W 
Rankine Steam Engine 151 A weir is said to be drowned 
when the water in the channel below it is higher than its 
crest. B. 1667 Primatr City § C. Build. 7 The works in 
mines of Lead or Tin Oare, are like..to be drownded. 

b. Zo drown out: to put or drive out by inun- 
dation; to stop (works, etc.) or drive (people, etc.) 
from their habitation by flooding. 

1851 S. Jupp Margaret i. iii, Chilion fished, hunted, laid 
traps for foxes, drowned out woodchucks. 1888 Pad/ Mall 
G. 28 Aug. 3/2 The [Severn Tunnel] works were constantly 
“drowned out’. 1890 Baker Wild Beasts § their Ways 1. 
186 During inundations the islands are frequently drowned 
out. 1894 Daily News 23 Nov. 6/7 Deserted cottages, 
whose tenants had..been ‘drowned out’, 

6. transf. and fig. To overwhelm, to overpower, 
by rising above like a flood; to immerse or 
smother; to overpower (sound) by greater loudness. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 18361 Pou slockens al vr sin; Pou_has 
pam drund and don forfare. x398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. 
1, xiii. (495) 57 The more the resonable soule drowneth 
hym in to the body the more slowely and the lesse perfytely 
he vnderstondyth. 1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 42 They 
wych haue theyr myndys drownyd in the vayn plesurys of 
thys lyfe. 1377-87 Hotinsnep Chron. I. 23/1 Ludsgate, 
.. vnto this dale it is called Ludgate, (s) onelie drowned 
in pronuntiation of the word. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. 
vii. § 2 The sound..was drowned by some louder noise. 
1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. 53 Vice drowns the noble Ideas 
of the Soul. 1726 Leoni tr. Adberti's Archit. 1. 43/1 
Little pieces of..Stone..which they perfectly drowned in 
Mortar. 1769 Sir W. Jones Poems (1777) 25 , His 
heavenly charms..drown’d her senses in a flood of light. 
1879 Froupe Czsar xiii. 175 Yells drowned his voice. 

B. 1550 CrowLey Way to Wealth 398 Thy curate (that 
otherwise wold mumble in the mouth and drounde his 
wordes). 1884 Harfer's Mag. Feb. 410/2 He had a beautiful 
voice. He could drownd out the whole choir. 

+b. Law. To extinguish by merging in something 
greater or higher. Also zztr. To merge. Obs. 

1642 tr. Perkins’ Prof. Bk. ix. § 584. 254 If the estate in 
remainder or in reversion be such an estate wherein the 
particular estate may be drowned. Jdid. § 589. 256 An 
estate for life cannot drown in an estate for yeares. 1661 

«J. SrerHens Procurations 54 Estates in land are proper! 
drowned or confounded, when a lesser estate concurs wit 
a greater in the same person, and in the same right. 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV, 109 The reversionary interest 
coming to the possession, drowns it, 

Drownable (drau‘nab’l), a. [f. Drown v.+ 
-ABLE.] Capable of being drowned. 

1863 Owen Lect. Powerof God 50 Air-breathing or drown- 
able animal species. 

Drownage (draunédz). rare. 
rae) Drowning, submersion. 

1850 CartyLe Latter-day ange iii. 42. 
1. i. (1872) 6 Drownage in the foul wel 
religious. .controversies. 

Drown4d, dial. and vulgar for Drown v., q.v. 

Drowned (draund), A//. a. Also drownded 
(now vulg.) [f. DRown v.+-ED1.] 

1. Killed by submersion in water. 

a@ 1300 Cursor M, 1886 A druned beist par lai flettand. 
1660 GauDEN Brownrig 212 A drenched and almost drowned 
man. 1789 W. Bucnan Dow. Med. (1790) 631 The society 
for the recovery of drowned persons. 1896 Westm. Gaz, 
20 June 5/2 Relatives of drowned passengers. 

. Like,as wet as,a drowned rat; ina thoroughly 
soaked and dripping condition. 

c1g00 Blowbol’s Test. in Halliw. Nuge P. 2 He lokyd 
furyous as a wyld catt, And pale of hew like a drowned 
ratte. 1630 WapswortH Pilgr, viii. 84, I got on shoare 


[f. as prec. + 


1851 — Sterling 
ter of our so-called 


685 


as wet as a drowned Rat. 1738 Swirt Polite Convers. 
17 ‘Take Pity on poor Miss; don’t throw Water on a 
drownded Rat.’ 1880 New Virginians 11. 229 Looking like 
the drowndest of drowned rats. 

2. Submerged; flooded, deluged, inundated. 

1616 Norpen Surv. Kirton in Lindsey 17 in Peacock 
N. W. Linc. Gloss., There is much drowned lande. x71 
Suartess. Charac. Misc. u. i. (1737) ILI. 46 The Measure 
of their yearly drounded Lands. 1865 Dircxs Mrg. Wore. 
538 The Mineral wealth was drowned treasure. 1867 
Francis Angling ix. (1880) 332 A drowned line is too often 
a lost fish, 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Drowned-level 
(Mining), a depressed level or drainage-gallery in a mine, 
which acts on the principle of an inverted syphon. 

Drowner (drawna1). [f Drown v.+-ER}.] | 

1. One who drowns, or who suffers drowning ; 
that which drowns. 

1545 Ascuam 7o.xofh. (Arb.) 52 Ydlenesse, enemy of vertue, 
y°? drowner of youthe. 1560 WuirenorNe Arte Warre 
(1573) 102 b, Welles, the which be as drowners to the same 
caves. 1638 Mayne Lucian (1664) 223. 1820 SHELLEY 
Liberty xix, As waves .. Hiss round a drowner's head. 
1827 Moore Alciphr. iv, As drowners cling To the last hold. 

2. A manager of water-meadows. ? /ocal. 

1805 Trans. Soc. Arts XXIII. 166 The drowner, as he is 
generally called, or the man who has the superintendence 
of the water-meadows. 1834 B77t. Husd, 1. 531 When the 
manager of the mead,—provincially termed ‘the drowner’, 
—begins to clean out the main drain, 

Drowning (drauniy), 74/. sd. [-1NGl.] The 
action of the verb Drown, in its various senses. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 3673 heading, The Drownyng of 
Pollux & Castor. 1839 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 4 The ouer- 
flowyng and drowning of the medowes. 1581 Pertie 


_Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i. (1586) 55 b, Those which put the 


shippe in daunger of drowning. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 798, 
I call drowning of Metals, when that the baser Metal is so 
incorporate with the more rich, as it can by no means be 
separated again. 1661 J. STEruENS Procurations 54 Things 
.. which inmany sort might be subject to drowning, or extin- 
guishment by unity of possession. 1862 Suirtey Vuge Crit. 
xi. 474 The hangings, and burnings, and drownings, and 
Bartholomew massacres, and Spanish furies, of past times. 
attrib. 1659 D. Pet /mpr. Sea 556 In great despair, and 
disgustion of a drowning death. _¢ 1798 Sourney Ball. Lord 
William, No human ear but William’s heard Young Ed- 
mund’s drowning scream, 1850 Mrs. Browninc Move. 
Margret xxv, The men at sea... heard a drowning cry. 

Lrow'ning, ///.a. [-1NG*.] That drowns. 

1. Perishing from suffocation in water ; suffering 
inundation. 

¢1470 Henry Wallace x. 822 Drownand folk. 1821 Byron 
Heav. & Earth iii. 911 The ocean .. grasps each drowning 
hill. 1869 W. P. Mackay Grace & Truth (1875) 69 As is 
well known, a drowning man will catch at a straw. _ A 

2. Suffocating or destroying by submersion in 
water; also fg., overwhelming, overpowering. 

1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 516 Great Faith. .will beleeve in 
an angry God, in a killing God, and in a drowning God. 
1716 Cisper Love makes Man u.ii, Dissolving Softness ! O 
the drowning Joy! 

Hence Drow'ningly adv., so as to drown. 

1818 Keats Endymion 1. 282 What misery most drown- 
ingly doth if In lone Endymion’s ear? 1880 Miss BrouGu- 
ton Sec. Th. 11. ut. vii. 233 Drenchingly, drowningly wet. 

Drowrie, -ry, var. Drury, Ods. 

Drowrie, -ry, Drowrier, obs. Sc. ff. Dowry, 
Dowrtsr. [These forms seem to have arisen from 
a confusion of dowery, Dowry, with drowrie, Sc. 
form of Drurry (sense 2). See also DRowaRIE.] 

1503 Sc. Acts Fas. IV. (1814) 240(Jam.) The qwenis drowry 
and morwyn-gift. 1513 [see Dowry 2]. 1551 Aderdeen 
Reg. V. 21 (Jam.) Quene drowrier. a 1835 MornerweLt in 
Whistle-Binkie (Scot. Songs) Ser. 1. 13 The fisch are the 
deer that fill my parks, And the water waste my drurie. 

Drowse (drauz), v. Also 6-7 drouze, 6-9 
drowze, 7 drouse. [In current use appears in 
1573: perth. a back-formation from drowsy, which 
is found earlier; perh. identical with OE. dviisian, 
to sink, become low, slow, or inactive, a derivative 
from the ablaut series dreus-, draus-, drus-, OF. 
dréosan to fall down; but the non-appearance of 
the verb for 600 years leaves this uncertain. ] 

+1. intr. (OE.) To sink, droop, become slow. 

Beowul, eth) gets Lagu drusade. a@xz000 CyNEWULF 
Elene (Gr.) 1258 Cen drusende. a 1000 Phanix (Cod. Ex.) 
368 He drusende dead ne bisorgad. - 

2. intr. To be drowsy; to be heavy or dull with 
or as with sleep; to be half asleep. 

1596 Suaks. 1 Hen. JV, ut. ii. 81 [They] drowz'd, and 
— ye sts =p pen Slept in his Face. 1666 — 

iary (187 44 could not hold my eyes open for an 
houre, beet Psd . but Lanon wakened. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. x1. 13t More wakeful then to drouze. 1853 Jait's 
Mag. XX. 615 Drowsing and dreaming with half-open eye. 

3. fig. To be or grow inactive, dull, or sluggish. 

1573 Tusser Hus. Ixii. (1878) 140 Ill husbandry drowseth 
at fortune so auke : Good husbandrie rowseth himselfe as a 
hauke. @ 1679 W. Outram Serm, (2682) 455 The minds of 
men would drowze and slumber. 1847 TENNyson Princ. 1. 
318 Let not your prudence..drowse., 1863 HAWTHORNE 
Our Old Home (1879) 56 Leamington The m..drows- 
ing across the principal street beneath a handsome bridge. 

trans. To render drowsy ; to make heavy, dull, 
or inactive, as with sleep. : 

1600 Hottanp Livy xxxix. viii. 1027 When as wine had 
drowned and droused the understanding. 1614 SYLVESTER 
Bethulia’s Rescue vi. 101 The Fume of his aboundant 
Drink, Drouzing his Brain. 1819 Keats Otho v. v, Nations 
drows'd in peace ! 188r B. Wesper Jz Luck’s Way 1. i, Any 
birds which the heat has not utterly drowsed. 


DROWSY. 


5. To pass away (time) drowsily or in diowsing. 

1843 Lerevre Life Trav. Phys. 111.11. xii. 255 To drowse 
away the mornings. 1875 BrowninG /un Album. 171 Don't 
I drowse The week away down with the Aunt and Niece? 

Hence Drowsed ///. a., Drow'sing v//. sd. and 
Ppl. a.; also Drow'ser. 

1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 557 The lesser snatches of Rest 
and Drowsings. 1667 Micron P. L. vi. 289 Gentle sleep 
.. with soft oppression seis’d My droused sense. 1796 
Coreriwce Relig. Musings 34 ‘The drowsed Soul. 188x 
T. Harpy Laodicean u. iii, The drowsing effects of the 
last night's sitting. 1887 M. B. Epwarps Ne-rt of Kin 
Wanted I. viii.110 Unwary drowsers were severely castigated 
from the pulpit. 

Browse, s?. [f.prec. vb.] The action of drows- 
ing; a fit of drowsing; the state of being half 
asleep. 

1814 Prophetess 111. i, Men are seiz’d with most unnat’ral 
drowze. a 1851 Moir Poems, Tomb of De Bruce iii, Shaking 
the fetters away, which in drowse she had worn. 1856 
Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh vi. 593. 1859 TeENNyson Enid 
1121 Many a voice along the street... burst ‘Their drowse. 

Jig. 1854-6 PatmMore Angel in Ho. u. ii. (1866) 259 The 
wealthy wheat Bends in a golden drowse. 

+ Browsen. (és. Also 7 drousen, drousson. 
[A variant of Drosrn, OE. drésna, grounds, dregs.] 
A kind of oatmeal pottage: see quot. 1620-25. 

1srg Horman Vue. 152 b, Adrousen tubbe: and aswynes 
troughe, be fayre vessellis to serue swyne. 1605 Lond. 
Prodigal, White-pot and Drowsen broth. 1620-25 Mark- 
nam Farew, //usb, 133 Boyling Oatemeale..with barme, or 
the dregges and hinder ends of your Beere barrells, makes 
an excellent .. pottage .. of great vse in all the parts of the 
West Countrie..called by the name of drousson pottage. 


Drowsihead (draw zihed). arch. [f. DRowsy 
+-HEAD.] = DRrowsIxE 


1sg0 Srensrr F. Q. 1. ii. 7 The royall virgin shooke off 
drousyhed. 1647 H. More Song of Soul i. App. civ, Thou 
hast .. rouz’d the soul from her dull drowsieched. 1748 
‘Tuomson Cast. /ndol.1. 46 A pleasing land of drowsy-head 


Drowsihood., [f. as prec. + -Hoop.] = prec. 


1601 SHAKS. 
st drowsily? 1856 
Emerson. Eng. (Bohn) II. 14 Classics 
which at home are drowsily read. 1871 R. Extis Catudlus 
xvii. 13 Urchin, across papa’s elbow drowsily swaying. 

Drowsiness (drawzinés).  [f. next + -NESS.] 

1. The state of being drowsy; heavy sleepiness. 

1559 Primer in Priv. Prayers (1851) 33 Drowsiness take 
from our eyes. 1562 Turner /ferbal 1. 46b, They shal 
fall into a forgetfull anda slepishe drowsines. 1630-31 Mi.- 
ton Arcades 61 When drowsiness Hath locked up mortal 
sense, 1736 ButLer Axnad. 1. i. 37 Drowsiness, increasing 
till it end in sound sleep. 1860 Froupe //ist, Eng. V. 353 
The symptoms were a sudden perspiration, accompanied 
with faintness and drowsiness. 

2. fig. Intellectual or moral lethargy ; sloth. 

1575-85 App. Sanpys Sern. (1841) 438 By the drowsiness 
of the husbandmen and the sloth of the cultivators. 1611 
Breve Prov, xxiii. 21 Drousinesse shall cloath a man with 
ragges. 17§x Jounson Rambler No. 89 ? 5 Convinced 
of the necessity of breaking from this habitual: drowsiness, 
1841 D'Israeit Amen. Lit. (1867) 567 His vivacity relieved 
the drowsiness of mere antiquarianism. 

Drowsy (drawzi),a. Also (6 drawsy, drusye), 
6-8 drousy, 7-8 drouzy, drowzy. [Found in 
first half of 16th c.; no corresponding ME. or OE. 
form is recorded: it is however probably related 
to OE. drisian: see DROWSE v.] 

1. Inclined to sleep, esp. at a time when one 
wishes, or ought, to be awake; heavy with sleepi- 
ness; half asleep, dozing. 

1530 Patscr. 311/1 Drowsy, heavy for slepe or onlusty, 
pesant. 159 FLorio 2nd Fruites 3, N. Me think you are 
very drowsie still. 7. I am not very well awaked yet. 
1648 Gace West Ind. xvii. 113 It made mee more drowsie 
at night. 1725 Pore Odyss. 11. 446 Drowsy they rose, with 
heavy fumes opprest. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xviii, A 
drowsy watchman’s footsteps sounded on the pavement. 
3877 M, M. Grant Sua-Maid i, 1am very tired and drowsy. 

2. Caused or characterized by sleepiness or in- 
activity. 

@ 1529 SKELTON El, Rumming 15 Her lothy leere is..ugly 
of cheere, droupy and drowsie. 1g62 Turner Herbal. 46 b, 
Pour rose oyl and vinegre vpon them that haue the drawsy 
or forgetfull euel. 1562 — Baths 8 b, Diseases of the heade, 
as are the drusye euill. 7658 Cuvpeprer Riverius 1. ii. 9 
Drouzie Diseases, called Coma, Lethargy, Carus, and 
Apoplexy. 1727-38 Gay Fad/es 11, xiii. 68 Till drousy sleep 
retard the glass. 1870 Dickens £. Drood i, Some. .period 
of drowsy laughter. ; P 

8. Inducing sleepiness; lulling; soporific. . 

1590 SrensER F. Q. u. iii. 1 [He] vprose from drowsie 
couch, ¢16r7 Mippieton Witch 1v. iii, I spic’d them.. 
with a drowsy posset, They will not hear. 1706 Appison 
Rosamond ui. iii, The bowl, with drowsie juices fill’d. 
1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert's R. (2855) 3 That potent and 
drowsy spell, which still prevails over the valley. - 

4. fig. Heavy, dull, inactive; sluggish, lethargic. 

1570 Levins Manip. 108 Drowsie, deses. 1584 R. Scot 
Discov. Witcher. 1. iii. 5 In whose drousie minds the divell 
hath goten a fine Seat. 1390 Suaxs. Mids. N. v. i. 399 The 
dead and drowsie fier. are Ciarenvon Hist. "Reb. x. 
§ 140 The drowsy, dull Presbyterian humour of Fairfax. 


Fale. We 


. DROY. 


195 Jounson Rambler No. 178? 14 A drowsy t! tless- 
hess or a giddy levity. 1855 Macautay para Ill, 
467 Sinking into a servile, sensual, drowsy parasite. 

5. Comb., as drowsy-head, a person of a 
sleepy or sluggish disposition; drowsy-headed, 
flighted adjs. 

1576 Freminc Panopi. ig 354 The drowsie headed 
lubber. 1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 269 Slothfull 
drousiheades are.. an vnprofitable lumpe of vnoccupied 
earth. 1634 Mitton Comus 551 The drowsy-flighted steeds 
That draw the litter of close-curtained sleep. 1834 Morr 
in Blackw, Mag. XX XV. 708 The drowsyhead, man, on 
his bed slumbers prone. 

Drowsyhead, variant of DRowsIHEAD. 

Drowte, drowth, obs. var. Droucut. 

+ Droy, sb. Os. [This and the vb. followin 
appear to be related in some way to Drom. 
A servant; a drudge. 

1573 Tusser Husb. lxxxi. (1878) 172 Good droie to serue 
hog, to helpe wash, and to milke. 1583 Srupses Axat, 
Abus. 1.(1879) 78 Any droye or pussle in the Cuntrey. 1592 
Basincton Com/. Notes Genesis xviii. 6 Wks. (1637) 56 Every 
Droy in the house, yea the kitchenmaid. 

+ Droy, v. [see prec. sb.] zur. To toil, drudge. 

1576 Gascoicne Stee/e Gl. (Arb.) 68 He which can in office 
drudge and droy. 


Droyl, Droyt, obs. ff. Drom, Dror. 

Drub (drab, v. Also 7 thrub. [Appears first 
after 1600; all the early instances, before Hudibras, 
1663, are from travellers in the Orient, and refer to 
the bastinado. Hence, in the absence of any other 
tenable suggestion, it may be conjectured to re- 
present Arabic (,6 garaba (i.e. gvrvba) to beat, 
to bastinado, vbl: sb. gard (i.e. gurb) beating, a 
blow, a drub. 


There are difficulties. In Persia, of which Herbert 
wrote, the vbl. sb. is pronounced 274; but in Turkey it is 
diirb; in North Africa the Arabic dental is retained, and 
in Algiers, and Barbary generally, the verb is vulgarly pro- 
nounced g’rab, Z'rub, or dérob. It is therefore conceivable 
that the form ¢@rué came originally from the Barbary states, 
where so many Christians suffered captivity, and was already 
known to Herbert as applied to the bastinado, when he went 
to the East. But of this we haveas yet no evidence; while 
the absence of the word from the Mediterranean languages, 
into which it was quite as likely to pass as into English, is 
an element of doubt.) 

1. ¢rans. To beat with a stick or the like, to 
cudgel, flog; in early use, sfec. to bastinado; to 
thrash, thump, belabour; also, to beat in a fight. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 47 [He] confest and was 
drubd right handsomely. 1663 Butver //xd. 1. iii. 1042 He 
that is valiant, and dares fight, Tho’ drubb'd, can lose no 
honour by't. 1663 Perys Diary 21 Feb., He..would have 
got seamen to have drubbed them. 1691 tr. Emilianne’s 
Frauds Romish Monks 254 Those Priests who thrub’d one 
another in the Place of S. Mark, for to catch the Assigna- 
tions to say Masses. 1698 Fryer Acc. EF. Ind. & P. 52. 
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Drud, to beat the Soles of the 
Feet with a Stick, a Punishment us'd in Turkey: Also 
simply, to cudgel or bang one soundly. 1733 Fievpine 
Quixote in Eng. 1. iv, He was most confoundedly drubb'd 
just now. 1835 Marryvat Fac. FaithZ iv, See if | won't drub 
you within an inch of your life. 1887 Besant The World 
went iii, He drubbed and belaboured his servants every day, 

b. Const. 70 drub (a person) to death, into or 
out of something ; (a thing, a notion) zz/o or out 


of a person. 

1634 Sirk T. Hersert Trav. 98 [The Bashaw] made the 
Petitioner be almost drubd to death. 1638 /d/d. (ed. 2) 172 
He is almost drubd (with many terrible bastinadoes on the 
soles of his feet)todeath, 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar 
Wks. 1730 I. 80 Let us drub these lobsters into better man- 
ners. 1716 Lond. Gaz. No. 5460/3 He had been barbarous! 
drubbed to Death [in Algiers]. 1728 Morcan Adgiers If. 
iv. i 4 1751 Smottetr Per. Pic. bed II. lxi. 188 Those 
foolish notions..ought to be drubbed out of you. 1791 
Maxwett in Boswell JoAnson (1831) 1. 384 We had drubbed 
those fellows into a proper reverence for us. 1826 Scorr 
Woodst. viii, If the leaven of thy malignancy is altogether 
drubbed out of thee. 

¢e. fig. To belabour with abuse. 

181 Scott Let. 4 Apr., Pray drub your management for 
the..blunder. 1894 Advance (Chicago) 1 Feb., Drubbing 
the church and praising outsiders. 

2. transf. To strike or beat with force. 

1849 THackeray in ‘ Punch’ Wks. 1886 XXIV, 208 Pots 
were cooking, drums were drubbing. 1865 G. Merepiru 
Rhoda Fleming xiiii, To go and handle butter ..as Mrs. 
Sumpit drubbed and patted it. 1883 Howetts Register 
i, Teaching the young idea how to drub the piano. 

3. To beat the ground; to stamp. (z#/r. and frans.) 

1855 Tnackeray Newcomes 11. 227 She drubs her little 
foot when his name is mentioned. 1859 — Virgin. xxxiii, 
Drubbing with her little feet. 1860 — Round. Papers, On 
being found out 129 You .. drub on the ground with your 
leony little feet. 

Hence Dru‘bbing vd/. s4., a beating, a thrashing ; 
also atirté. ; Dru bber, one who drubs or beats. 

1650 Howett For. Trav. App. (Arb.) 85 They [the Turks] 
have sundry sorts of punishments that torture the sense a 
longer time, as drubbing, guunshing, flaying alive, impaling. 
1687 Concreve Old Bach, 1, v, He will take a drubbing wit 
as little Noise as a Pulpit Cushion. 1708 Prior A/ice 102 
These two were sent (or I'm no drubber). 1752 Hume “ss. 
& Treat. (1777) 1. 266 To hear. . Jupiter threaten Juno with 
a sound drubbing. 1 Junius Lett, xxiii. 108 note, Sir 
Edward Hawke had given the French a drubbing. 1784 
Lett, to Honoria & M.11. 36 Who had just suffered a hearty 
drubbing-bout. 1814 Scorr Wav, xxxiv, Beyond the capa- 
city of the drubber of sheep-skin, 1871 J. C, JEArrreson 


| drug is also found 1550-1650. 


* 686 
Ann. O. 1. drubbings 
——— . 313 The classical which 


puj 

Drub, sd. [f. Drus v.] A stroke given in 
punishment or in fighting, esp. with a cudgel; 
a thump ;= Bastinabo 1. 

1663 ButLer //ud. 1. iii. 751 The blows and drubs I have 
received. 1678 /éid. 111. i. 1360 The drubs he had so freel: 
dealt. 1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2237/1 A Dutengpe shad 
after receiving Drubs, been obliged to comply with the 
pone ayn = ee Ri Rayon ta ca 

‘erus. (1721) 30 It might cost him fifty, perhaps one hun- 
dred drubs on his feet. 1780-86 Saceors (P. Pindar) 
Odes R. Academicians Wks. 1790 1. 8 Herculean Gentle- 
men! I dread your drubs. a 1845 Hoop /rish Schoolm. xix, 
The Pedagogue, with sudden drub, Smites his scald head. 

+Drubble, druble, v. 0s. Also drobyl. 
[app. an alteration of trouble, F. troubler, under 
the influence of native words; see next.] ¢rans. 
To trouble, disturb. 

a 1340 Hampoce Psalter ix. 6 Drubild stiryngs of pryde. 
Ibid. xxxviii. 9 Broght til drublynge of warldis werkis. 
e¢1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Looteh. (E. E. T. S.) 100 
Wharof pe kyng was rae bs drobyld. ¢ Promp. Parv. 
133/2 Drubblyn, or torblyn watur.. turbo. 1566 Drant 
Horace, Sat. (1. i. 60) Him needes not draw the drubbled 
dreggs of fawle by durtye poole (limo turbatam..aguam). 

+ Dru'bly, 2. Ods. Also drob(e)ly. [app.a 
blending of ME. ¢troély, Trousty from French, 
and OE. dréf, dréflic (ME, *drov(e)Zy) turbid, dis- 
turbed. See also Drumty.] ‘Turbid, troubled. 

ar Hamrote Psalter xv. 5 Warldis men drynkis. .be 
drubly delitis of lychery & couaitys. c¢1400 Maunpev. 
(Roxb.) vii. 27 If be water be clere.. be bawme es gude, and, 
if it be thikk and drubly, it es sophisticate. ¢ 1440 Promp. 
Parv. 132/2 Drobly, or drubly, turbudentus, turbidus. 
1500-20 Dunsar Poems |xix. 1 Thir dirk and drublie dayis. 

Hence + Dru ess. 

cx440 Promp. Parv. 133/2 Drublynesse, furdulencia, 
Jeculencia. 

+ Drau-bman. 0és. 
ministers the bastinado. 

1629 Cart. Smitu Trav. § Adv. xii. 24 The Tymor 
Bashaw..caused his Drub-man to strip him naked. 

Drucken, Sc. and north, dial. f. DRuNKEN. 

Drudge (drvdz), s+. Also 6 drugge, drug. 
[The derivation of this and the associated vb. is 
obscure: the sb. is known ¢1500, the vb. about 
50 years later. As a rarer form of both, drugge, 
The forms and 
sense would both be satisfied by an OE. sb. *drycgea 
‘labourer’, from *dryge:—*drugi-z ‘labour’, from 
u-grade drug- of dréogan to work, etc. (DREE v.), 
(cf. lyre, scyte, from /éosan, scéotan, etc.) ; or by an 
OE. vb. *drycgean, WGer. *druggjan :—*drugan, 
from same vb.; but of these no actual trace has 
been found either in OF. or ME.] 

One employed in mean, servile, or distasteful 
work; a slave, a hack; a hard toiler. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 497 Many they held as drudges 
and captyues. 1530 Patscr. 215/2 Drudge, a woman ser- 
vaunt, druge, meschine. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 
791 Getting their living as drudges and slaves, to do most 
vile Service. 1691 Woop Ath. O.xon. I]. 705 He was the 
common drudge of the University..to make, correct, or 


rare. An officer who ad- 


| review the Latine Sermons..before they were to be de- 
| livered. 1755 JouNSON, Le-xicographer, a writer of diction- 


aries; a harmless drudge, that busies himself in tracing 
the original, and detailing the signification of words. 17 
Smoitetr Humph. Cl. (1815) 51, | was not born to be the 
household drudge. 1859 Hottanp Gold F. xxvi, 326 The 
Pastor..is required to be the hardest drudge in his parish. 

B. 1552 Huoet, Drudge, or drugge, or vile seruant in a 
house, whych doth all the vyle seruice. 1592 Greene 
Disput. 31 At these wise words spoken by so base a drug 
as his mayd. [Cf. 1607 Suaxs. 77mon 1. iii. 254.) 

Jig. 1873 Tusser Hus, vi. (1878) 15, I [Husbandry] seeme 
but a drudge, yet.. To such as can vse me, great wealth I 
do bring. 1632 Lirucow 7yrav. 1. 73 Destiny is no mans 
drudge. 187x Mortey Voltaire (1886) 13 Discrowning 
sovereign reason to be the serving drudge of superstition, 

b. attrib, and Comb, . aden 

x arvis Quix. 1. i. (1885) 41 Rozinante. Note, From 
pese pid drudge-h and ante, before. 1840 
Mit Diss. & Disc. (1875) 1. 465 The. .drudge-like aversion 
to change. 

Hence (nonce-zds.) Dru’dgical a., belonging to 
a drudge; Drudgism, the practice of a drudge. 

1831 Cartyte Sart, Res. 1. x, Dandiacal Self-worship or 
Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish or Drudgical Earth- 
worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be. 

Drudge (drvdz), v. Also 6-7 drugge, drug. 
fapp. f. prec. sb, But cf. Norw. drugga to go 

aboriously, bent over and with bending knees, as 
under a heavy burden. (Ross.) 

Both drudge and Drve v.!, were in early times spelt 
drugge: so that there are cases in which it is difficult to be 
certain which word is meant. It is esp. so with the two 


smoke : 
F v. 234 College-tutors do indeed work 


Busunet Chr. Nurt. u. vi. see) 9 He will 
Sabbah v. (s848) x65, 4 hard stay HW. Henuron 2 
Vv. (1 I ness 
how his brother-man is drudged. P 
3. Drudge out, to aay ae as drudgery; drudge 
away, over, to in drudgery; - down, 
to repress with drad 2 ae 
1645 Mitton 7etrach. (1851) 254 The end of the command- 
ment is charity..not the i out a poore and 
worthlesse duty forc’t from us. 1682 Otway Venice Pre- 
served i. (17 fh Rise to our toils and drudge away the 


day. 41735 Granvitte(J.), What is an in dull renown 
drudg'd oer? ‘ihenewm 30 Aug 8 Rouse the in- 
ie 


‘P t 
mechanically drudge them down. 

Hence Drudged //. a., set to laborious or ser- 
vile tasks; Dru‘dging vd/. sb., drudgery; also 
Dru‘dger, one who drudges; + Dru'dge-pudding, 
a kitchen drudge. 

1612-15 Br. Hatt Contemfpl., N. T. w.i, Life.. ina 
continual drudging for edification. 1710 Brit. Apollo 11. 
No. 105. 3/2 Condemn’d to Drudging. 1737 Ozett Xadelais 
II. 225 A Kitchen-slave, a Drudge-pudding. 2788 Jounson, 

‘eer, a mean labourer, 1851 Db. Jerroip St. Giles xx. 
210 The drudged horse stood meek and passive in the 
1885 Mase Coxtins Pre-//ist. Woman ix, A mere dradger 
for daily bread. 
, drudger, obs. ff. DrepcE, DrEepcER. 

Drudgery (drv-dzeri). Also 6 droudgery, 
6-7 druggery. [f. Drupce sé. +-ERy; cf. slavery.] 
The occupation of adrudge; mean or servile labour; 
wearisome toil; dull or distasteful work. 

1 Crow.ey /nform. & Petit. 557 To tyll the grounde 
and doe your other droudgery. G. Hersert Jemfle, 
Elixer v, A servant with this clause Makes drudgerie 
divine. 1652-62 Heytin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 183 Who put 
them to all Drudgeries and_ servile Wo: 179% BosweEtt 
Johnson 10 Apr. an. 1753, He now relieved the drudgery 
of his Dictionary. .by taking an active part in the composi- 
tion of ‘The Adventurer’, 1879 M. Pattison M/ilton xii. 
163 If there is any literary drudgery more mechanical than 
another, it is generally supposed to be that of making 
a dictionary. 1890 Ww. C. Gannett Blessed be Drudg- 
ery 15 Beelees is the gray Angel of Success. ~ 

B. 1598 Fiorio, Marruffiino, the yoongest prentise in a 
house, one that is put to all d erie. WuitLock 
Zootomia 297 Avaricious plenty is its own Tasker .. whose 
Druggery and Time to serve cannot consist together. 

b. attrid., as in + drudgery work, servant, 

1621 Burton Anat. Med. 1. ii. 1, ii, (1651) 42 Familiar spi- 
rits, which are there said to be conversant with men, and da 
their drudgery works. @ Sevpen 7adle-T. (Arb.) 83 
They that do drudgery-work. 1801 Gasrietu JZyster. 
Husb. 1V. 119 A mere drudgery servant. 

g, vbl. sb. : see under DRUDGE v. 


Brudging (drvdzin), A/a. Also 6 drugging. 
[f. Dauvex v. + -Ine*.] That drudges; of the 
nature of drudgery; toilsome, laborious. 
wot Cranmer Catech. 40 These small and druggynge 

es. 1§49 CoverpaLe, etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Pet, 8 
She was hys wyfe, & not his drudgeing hande mayde. 
1632 Mitton a 105 How the ee sweat, 
To earn his cream-bowl duly set. 1894 W. J. Dawson 
Making of Manhood 88 A drudging attention to details. 

Hence Dru adv. 

1678 Cupwortn /néel?. Syst. 149 That He should .. do all 
the meanest and trifli sings Himself drudgingly. 1864 
Times 12 Aug. 4 He collected, lovingly fuer than 
drudgingly, the materials for a new edition. 

e, obs. form of drew, t. of Draw z. 

Drue, early ME. form of Dry. 

+ Druery, drury. 0és. Forms: a. 3-4 druery, 
-rie, driwerie, drywery, -orie, 4 drew-, drou-, 
druwery(e; 8. 3-5 drury, -ri, 4dreury,drwry(e, 
4-5 drurie, -rye, drewri(e, -ry, drowry, 5 
droury, drewre, 6 Sc. drou-, drowrie, (9 Sc. 
drurie). [a. OF. druerie, droerie, druirie love, 
friendship (=It. druderia, med.L. drudaria Du 
Cc ), f. dru, drut, friend: see Drvut.] 


* 


ve, esp. sexual love: love-making, courtship ; ” 


often, illicit love, amour. 


a Aner. R. 330 Uor pe deore driwerie pet he haue’d 
to his deore s; is, to pe cleane soule, ¢ 1275 Sinners 
Beware 158 in O. E. Misc. 77 Peos prude leuedies pat 


luuyeb drywories, And brek: ynge. ¢x300 Cursor M. 

pg (din) PO NY iy ag ee nr 

dreury) pat es bot a dust. 1378 Banrova Bruce vu. ge 

Than mycht he weill ask ane lady Hir amouris and 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sir Thopas 184 Of ladies love and 
¢ Launfal 995 That he 


ME. instances (a 1240 and ¢ 1386) which are left pr i 
ally under Drue v.!, but of which one or both may possibly 
belong here.] 

1. zntr. To perform mean or servile tasks; to 
work hard or slavishly; to toil at laborious and 
distasteful work. jie 

1548 [see Drupcine Af? a.). 1555 W. Watreman Fardle 
ee App. 343 Tag ee i Rete that toileth and 
drudgeth with his body, ‘a Caworey Table Alph. 
(6r3), Drudge, toyle. + nitLock Zootomia 188 The 

orld is but his Slave. .to drudge to his Necessity. 1791 Bos- 
WELL Yohnsonw an, 1753 (2831) 1. 2x5 While her husband was 


the bye some ryche Lyx 


y Sgr. Me 1003 He gaif hir ane lufe 
Aiea ing ast with ane ri role, 1560 Crt. 
Venus 1v. 562 Of thy auld Name I the +. To thy 
Drourie, and callis the Dalience. 
3. A hees Ge ae i ! 
HOREHAM 131 ary] art drury. 
Pd Adis. 2214 Mony mon ther les | sc noe | 


maide hire are one Relig: Sa ao ‘on 
Cir TJ e88 Vda wes; our dioweie and our dayes darling. 


— a 


: DRUG. 


4. Abeloved, prized, or precious thing, a treasure. 

a Cursor M. 21372 Quen it [the cross] had ben tua 
hundret yere Al vnder mold, pat druri dere..He did be 
funden thoru a wijf. 1340 Hamrote Py. Conse. 7825 Pare 
-es alkyn druryes and rychesce. 1362 Lanai. P. Pl. A. 1. 
85 Treube is Beste .. Hit is as derworpe a drurie as 
deore god him-seluen. axgo0 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton 
ATS. (1867) 87 So was pou daynte as drowry derely endent. 

i (drvg), so. Forms: (p/.) (4 dragges), 
4-6 drogges, drouges, 6 drougges, Sc. droggis, 
drogis, droigis, 6-7 drugges, 7 drogues, drougs, 
8 druggs, 8-9 Sc. drogs, 7- drugs; (szg.) 6-7 
drugge, 7 drogue, 7- drug. [ME. a. F. drogue 
(i4th c. in Hatz.-Darm,) a Com. Rom. word (Pr. 
drogua, Sp., It. droga): ulterior origin uncertain. 

The suggestion of Diez, that the source is Du. droog, 
MDu. droge, drooch, Kilian droogh ‘dry’, is doubted by 
Kluge and Franck. In 14-15th c. there is scribal confusion 
in Eng. MSS. between drogge and dragge=Drence sb.*} 

1. An original, simple, medicinal substance, or- 
ganic or inorganic, whether used by itself in its 
natural condition or prepared by art, or as an 
ingredient in a medicine or medicament. Formerly 
used more widely to include all ingredients used in 
chemistry, pharmacy, dyeing, and the arts generally, 
as still in French. In early use always in the pl. : 
cf. spices. (So in Fr.) 

[1327 Close Roll, 1 Edw. II7,1. mem. 23 Novem balas de 
drogges de spicerie.]__1377 Lancu. P. Pl. B. xx. 173 And 
dryuen awey deth with dyas and dragges [v.r. drogges; 
C. xxi. 174 drogges, v.77. drouges, dragges]. c 1386 
Cuaucrr Prod, 428 Apothecaries To sende him drogges 
[3 SS. drugges, Hard. dragges]. 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
De P. R. xvit. xix. 614 By cause of stronge drouges 
{(1495) printed dreuges]. 1513 DoucLas nezs xu. Pro. 
144 Hailsum of smell as ony spicery, Tryakle, droggis, or 
electuary. 1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe u. viii. (1539) 22 b, 
The traffyke of spyce and sondry drouges. 1555 EDEN 
Decades 239 cthecaies drugges. 1563 Winzer Wks. 
(1890) II. 12 An apothecaris buyth ful of al kynd of droigis, 
bayth of delicat spycerie and of rady poysoun. 1577 Har- 
Rison England u. xx. (1877) 1. 327 Our continuall desire of 
Strange drugs. 161rx Coryat Crudities 262 All the women 
of Venice .. vse to annoint their haire with oyle, or some 
other drugs. 26rr Biste 7vans/. Pref. 3 Men talke of 
Catholicon the drugge that it is in stead of all purges. 
1548 Gace West Ind. xvii. 113 Much Cacao, Achiotte, and 
drugs for Chocolatte ..also Apothecary drugs, as Zarza- 
parilla. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1750/4 Tea and other Drags at 
reasonable rates. a1704 T: Brown Sat. Quack Wks. 1730 
I. 63 Thy druggs alone the fatal work had done. 1727-51 
Cuampers Cyc/., Drug, in commerce, a general name for all 
spices, and other commodities, brought from distant coun- 
tries, and used in the business of medicine, dying, and the 
mechanic arts. Loe Apam Situ HW. N, 1. xi. (1869) I. 
215 Tea .. was a drug very little used in Europe before the 
middle of the last century. 1842 Tennyson 7 wo Voices 56 
What drug can make A wither’d palsy cease to shake? 

2. A commodity which is no longer in demand, 
and so has lost its value or become unsaleable. 
(Now usually a drug in the market.) 

{It is questionable if this is the same word. Quot. 1760 
implies it; but it may possibly be only a witty play on the 
word : see also Fuller’s contrast of drugs and dainties.] 

a@x66r Futter Worthies ww. (1662) 54 [He] made such a 
vent for Welsh Cottons, that what he found Drugs at home, 
he left Dainties beyond Sea. 167x Narsoroucu ¥rvd. in 
Ace. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1711) 151 We might send our 
English Cloth, which now is grown a Drug. 1673 TEMPLE 
Ess. Irel. Wks. 1731 I. 116 Horses in Ireland are a Drug, 
but might be improved to a Commodity. 1 J. Lo- 
can in Pa, Hist. Soc. Mem. 1X. 278 Wheat..bears no 
price, and bread and flour is a very drug. 1719 De For 
Crusoe 1. iv, I smil’d to my self at the Sight of this Money. 
O Drug! said I aloud, what art thou good for? 1760 
Murrny Way to Keep Hines, A wife's a drug now; mere 
tar-water, with every virtue under heaven, but nobody takes 
it. 1824 W. Irvine 7. 7'rav. I. 211 They told me poetry 
was a mere drug; every body wrote poetry. 1840 Hoop 
Up Rhine 163 Quite a drug in the market. 

. Comb., as drug-compounder, -grinder, -house, 
-mill, -seller, -shop, -store, etc.; €rugman, a man 
who deals in drugs, an apothecary. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 698 Apothecarie, 
drug-seller and such like. 16x SHaxs. Cyd. m1. iv. 15 
That Drug-damn'd Italy, hath out-craftied him. 
TANNAHILL Poems (1846) 87 Mak’st..drugmen brew the 
poisoning dose. 1842 Aspy Water Cure (1843) 162 The 
drug-compounder and the plaster-spreader. 1865 Dickens 
Mut. Fr. 1. iv, Clerk in the drug-house. 1886 Padd Mall 
G. 20 Apr. 8/1 Messrs. Jordan and Co., Drug grinders. 

Hence Dru gful a., full of drugs, having plenty 
of drugs; Drugless a., without drugs. 

1877 Biacxie Wise Men 150 That so the drugful leech 
Might profit me the more. 1880 Browninc Dram. Idylls 
Ser. 1, Doctor — 99 Whether drugged or left Drugless, the 
patient always lived, nor died. 

, 56.2 [Allied to Drue v.1; cf. also Drag 
sb.] 1. A low truck for the carriage of timber and 
other heavy articles; cf. Drag sb. 1c and d. 

1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 125 The Drug..is made 
somewhat like a low narrow Carr. It is used for the car- 
riage of Timber, and then is drawn .. by two or more Men. 
1688 R. Home Armoury ul. 355/2. * W. MarsHatt 
East Norf. Gloss., Drug, a four-wheeled timber carriage. 
1878 in F. S. Williams M/id?, Railw. 499 We managed that 
ona sie four wheeled timber wagon sort of thing. 

2. A drag for a vehicle; =Drag sd. 3c. azal. 

1880 in W. Cornwall Gloss. 

3. Comb, + Drug-carriage = sense 1; + drug- 

Saw, a cross-cut saw: cf. drag-saw (DRAG sé. 9). 
_ 1578 nv. Roy. Wardr. (1815) 255 (Jam.) Ane litle drug 


a 1810 © 


687 


saw for wrichtis. 1665 : Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 214 In 
all likelihood, they were brought thither on Drug-Carriages. 
217.. Acc. Depredat. on Clan Campbell (1816) 53 (Jam) 
Drug-saw, bow saw, and others. 

Drug, sd. var. of Droaur. 

+ Drug, v.1 Obs. exc. dial. Also 3-6 drugge. 
[Common from ¢1500 in Sc.; also in mod.Eng. 
dialects. Of uncertain origin. 

In Sc. and Eng. dial. use, app. a variant of Drac 7. 3 
but the two ME. instances are earlier than any known 
examples of drag, and may have some different origin. One 
or both may possibly belong to Drupce v., of which, also, 
drugge was an early spelling.] 

To pull forcibly, to drag. (¢vans. and intr.) 

(a 1240 Lofsong in Cott. Howe. 207 Bi his owune rode, on 
his softe schuldres, so herde druggunge. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer 
Kut.’s T. 558 At the gate he profreth his seruyse To drugge 
(Camb. MS. drogge} and drawe what so men wol deuyse]. 
1§00-20 Dunsar Poems xxxiii. 70 Evir the cuschettis at him 
tuggit, The rukis him rent, the ravynis him druggit. /d7d. lxi. 
32, lam aneauld horss, as 3e knaw That evir in duill dois drug 
and draw. 1513 Doucias 42xeis u. iv. 84 And for to drug 
and draw wald neuer irk, 160x ? Marston Pasguil§ Kath, 
1. 312 If all the Brewers jades in the Towne can drugge me 
from loue of my selfe. 1794 ‘I’. Davis Agric. Wilts (1818) 
258-68 Drugging timber, drawing [timber] out of the wood 
under a pair of wheels. 

Drug (drvg), v2 [f. Drue 5b,.1] 

1. ¢rans. ‘To mix or adulterate (food or drink) 
with a drug, esp. a narcotic or poisonous drug. 

160s Suaxs, Macé. 1. ii. 7, I haue drugg'd their Possets, 
That Death and Nature doe contend about them. 1828 
Scort /, AZ. Perth xv, What would it have cost me..so to 
have drugged that balm, as should have made your arm rot? 
1855 MotLey Dutch Rep. (1861) 11. 263 Montigny’s meat 
and drink, they said, should be daily drugged. 

Jig. 1871 R. Exvuis Catudlus xliv.11 A speech of his, pure 
poison, every line deep-drugg’d. 

. ‘lo administer drugs to (a person), esp. for the 
purpose of stupefying or poisoning him. Also fig. 
a1730 Fenton Zo Kut. of Sable Shield (R.), Whom 
he has drugg’d to sure repose. 1791 Cowprr Odyss. . 434 
Some baneful herb Which cast into our cup shall drug us 
all. 1883 Law Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 598 No one had 
been drugged on the night when the house was broken into. 
b. To administer something nauseous to; to 
nauseate. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. x. 567 Drugd as oft, With hatefullest 
disrefish. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. vi, With pleasure drugg’d, 
he almost long'd for woe. 


Hence Drugged /7/. a.; Drugging v0/. sb. and 
ppl. a. 


1610 B. Jonson A/ch, u1. i, Past all the doses of your drug- 
ging doctors. 1871 Tynpate /'ragm. Sc. (1879) I. xxii. 504 

“he drugged soul is beyond the reach of reason. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 169 The physician's use of burning, 
cutting, drugging, and starving. «1880 Geo. Eniorin Pall 
Mall G. (1885) 9 Feb., Brewers with their drugged ale. 

Drug, Druggery, -ing, obs. ff. DrupeE, etc. 

Drug(g)a-, druggerman, obs. ff. DRAGoMAN. 

+ Druggard. Ods. [? f. Drug v.1] ?=Druac ie. 

15.. Pore helfe 313 in Hazl. £. P. P. II. 263 Maister 
huggarde Doth shewe hymselfe no sluggarde, Nor yet no 
dronken druggarde. 

+ Druggare. Sc. Ols. [perh.f drug, obs. Sc. 
f. Druper.] ? =Drudger. (But cf. prec.) 

1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clv, The slawe ase, the druggare 
beste of pyne. 

ger (drvga1). Also 6 druggier, -eir. [f. 
Drue sé.! (in sense 2 f. Dru v.2) + ER], -tER. Cf. 
F. drogueur in both senses.] 

+1. A dealer in drugs, a druggist. Oés. 

1594 Nasue Zerrors Nt. Eij, The hungrie druggier .. 
agrees to anything, and to Court he goes. 1596 — Saffron 
Walden 109 Another craftie mortring Druggeir. 1610 
B. Jonson Ach. iv. vii, He owes this honest Drugger here 
seven pound .. [for] Tabacco. 1628 Earte Microcosni., 
Meer dull Physician (Arb.) 25 Then follows a writ to his 
drugger in a strange tongue. 1845 S. NayLer Reynard 
Introd. 42 The prelate, the lawyer, the drugger, are here 
fitted to their hearts’ content. 

2. One who administers a drug. 

1836 E, Howarp R. ae 1, I became .. lethargically 
drowsy .. They are skilful druggers. 1893 Daily News 16 
Dec. 5/1 The child was observed by this persistent drugger 


.to be ‘red all over’. 

gery (drv'gori). Also (.Sc.) 6 drogarie, 
9 droguery. [a. F. droguerte (1462 in Godef.), 
f. drogue drug: see -ERY.] 

1. Drugs collectively ; medicine, physic. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 279 Till all seik men or tha 
get drogarie. 1552 App. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 11 Pote- 
gareis that sellis corruppit drogaris, 16x11 CotGR., Dro- 
gueries, drugs, druggeries, confections. 1822 GaLt Sir A, 
Wylie Il. xxxiii. 285 Nane o’ the droguery nor the roguery 
o’ doctors for me. 1891 G. Merepitu One of our Cong. I. 
vii. 118 Awful combinations in druggery. 

2. A place where drugs are kept for sale or use. 

1865 W. G. Patcrave Arabia I, 422 My druggery and 
consultation-room. 

get (drvgét). Also 6 Sc. droggitt, 
drogatt, 8-9 druggit. [a. F. droguet (1555 in 
Hatz.-Darm.), thence, prob., Sp. droguete, It. 
droghetto, Ger. droguett. Ulterior origin unknown. 

Littré suggests derivation from drogue drug as ‘a stuff of 
little value’; some English writers have assumed a deriva- 
tion from Drogheda in Ireland, but this is mere wanton 
conjecture, without any historical basis.] 

1. a. Formerly, a kind of stuff, all of wool, or 


mixed of wool and silk or wool and linen, used for — 


DRUID. ~- 


wearing ‘apparel. b. Now, a coarse woollen stuff 
used for floor-coverings, table-cloths, etc. 

1580 Lapy Error Leé. in Mrs. Pratt Buchan (1858) App. 
322 Ane pair of drogatt courtingis. /éid. 323 Ane pair of 
courtingis of b{Ilew & quhytt droggitt. 1672 Eacnarp 
Observ. Answ. Cont. Clergy, One that is in canonical black 
may..see as far into a millstone, as he that wears a light 
drugget. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1762/4 Several Pieces of Rich 
Silk Druggets, Serge-Wale, Thred Druggets. 1714 Fr. 
Bk. of Rates 378 Druggets of Wool, and ‘Thread and Wool. 
72x Swirt Ep. to Play Wks. 1755 II. u. 182 In drugget 
drest, of thirteen pence a yard, See Philip’s son, 1727-51 
Cuampers Cycl., Drugget..a sort of stuff, very thin, and 
Narrow, usually all wool, and sometimes half wool and half 
silk..woven on a worsted chain. 1745 Gent. Mag. 99/1, I 
remember plain John Dryden..in one uniform cloathing of 
Norwich drugget. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. 11. iv, He wore 
a spencer of a light brown drugget. 1877 M. M. Granr 
Sun-Maid i, A wide corridor, carpeted with warm crimson 
drugget. 1882 Beck Draper's Dict. s.v., Twilled druggets 
were.. known in trade as corded druggets, but when of linen 
wagp and woollen weft, as threaded druggets. 

+a. A garment or suit of drugget. b. A carpet 
or floorcloth of drugget. 

1713 STEELE Guardian No. 147 ? 1 He was married ina 
plain drfgget. 1859 Mrs. Cartyte Left. III. 10 Putting 
down the drugget in the drawing-room. 1870 Miss Bripc- 
MAN No, Lynne xiii, The carpets .. remained hidden from 
sight by the cleanest of druggets. 

3. attrib. Made of drugget. 

1580 [see 1]. 1675 Lond. Gaz. No. 980/4 A Drugget Sute 
lined with green. 1836 Sir G. Heap //ome Jour 160 
Dressed in easy loose-fitting costume, viz. a drugget pea- 
jacket and wide trowsers, 1873 Brack Pr. Thule xxv. 427 
A young lady, dressed in a drugget petticoat. 

4. Comb., as drugyet-maker. 

1709 Lond. Gaz. No. 4594/4 Thomas Twaite, late a 
Drugget maker. 

Hence Dru'ggeted ///. a., covered or carpeted 
with drugget; Dru-ggeting =sense 1 b. 

1890 Sa/e-Cataé. (Derby), Carpet.. Red druggeting. 1893 
Cornh. Mag. Jan. 29 ‘The drawing-room .. is bare of furnt- 
ture, and druggeted for Edith’s skirt-dancing party. 

+ Druggish, a. Ods. rare. [f. Drug 56.1 
+-IsH.] Of the nature of a drug. 

1600 W. Vaucuan Direct. Health (1633) 80 Take heed of 
the black druggish Tobacco. 170r J. Law Counc. Trade 
(1751) he However low and drugish the price of fish 
might be. 

Druggist (drzgist). Also 7 drouguist. [a. F. 
droguiste (1549 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. drogue drug : 
see -IST.] One who sells or deals in drugs. 

In Scotland and United States the usual name for a phar- 
maceutical chemist. Chemist and druggist: see CHEMIST 4. 

1611 Cotcr., Drogueur, a druggist, or drug-seller, 1639 
J. W. tr. Guibert's Physic. 1. 10 ‘Two pennyworth of Sene 
.. which they may have at the Apothecaries or drouguists. 
1652 GauLe Magastrom. 360 ‘lwo chymists had agreed upon 
a cheat, that one of them should turn druggist, and sell 
strange roots and powders. 1709 Appison Jatlex No. 
131 P 3 That this new Corporation of Druggists had inflamed 
the Bills of Mortality and puzzled the College of Physicians 
with Diseases, for which they neither knewa Name or Cure. 
1799 Med. Frul. U1. 123 Mr. Brown, Wholesale Chemist and 
Druggist. 1802 /é7d. VIII. 247 Compounding and vending 
medicines in the shop of a druggist or an apothecary. 

Dru‘ggister. Obs. exc. dial. [f. prec.; cf. 
barrister, chorister.] = DRUGGIST. 

1632 SHERWoop, A Druggister, drogueur. 1679 FILMER 
Free-holder 325 The Septuagint have translated a Witch, 
an Apothecary, a Druggister, one that compounds poisons, 
1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss., Druggister, a druggist. 

by Druggle. Obs. Also 7 druggel(l.  [?f. 
Dsue v1) A term of contempt: app.=A heavy, 
stupid, spiritless, or cowardly fellow. Hence 
‘+ Druggle-headed, + Druggly ads. 

1611 Cotcr., Bustarin, a great lubber, thicke druggell. 
Tbid., Retroussé, thicke and short, druggellie. 1653 Urqu- 
HART Rabelais 1. xxv, Slapsauce Fellows, slabberdegullion 
Druggels, lubbardly Louts. 1708 Motreux Rabelais w. 
Ixvi. (1737) 272 Thou forlorn druggle-headed Sneaks-by ! 

Druggy (dro-gi), a. [f. Drug sb.1+-y.] 

1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of drugs 
or medicinal substances. 

1583 Stupses Anat. Abdus. 11. (1882) 55 It is hard to get 
anything of them [apothecaries] that is right pure and 
good of it selfe, but druggie baggage, and such counterfait 
stuffe as is starke naught. 1632 QuarLes Div. Fancies ut. 
Ixxxviii. (1660) 136 His loathed Potion .. Whose druggy 
taste goes so against their mind. 1890 H. James tr. 
Daudet's Port Tarascon i, vi, The druggy aroma. 

q 2. Error or misprint for Drecey. 

1599 Mippteton Micro-Cynicon Wks. VIII. 116 Druggy 
lees, mix’d with the liquid flood. 1627-47 Fetruam Resolves 
1, xix. 66 Transcending the sense of the druggie flesh. 

Drughe, obs. f. drew, pa. t. of Draw v. 

Drught, dru3t(e, dru3pe, obs. ff. DroucHT. 

Drugman, drugoman, obs. ff. DRacoMAN. 

+Drugster. 0Oés. [f. Drug sd.1+-sTER.] = 
Drueeist, 

1611 Mippteton & Dexxer Roaring Girl u.i, With the 
best tricks of any drugster’s wife in England. 1693 Sir 
T. P. Brount Wat. Hist. 215, L have often enquired amongst 
our London Drugsters for Egyptian Nitre. cx1zao W. 
Gisson Farrier’s Dispens. 1. 1. (1734) 4 It is a small Knotty 
Root, and may be had at any Drugster’s or Apothecary’s. 
1756 W. TotvErvy fist. Two Orphans I. 106, 

Druid (driid), s5.(a.) ‘Also 6-7 Druide, 7 
Druyd. fa. F. druide (1512 in Hatz.-Darm.), 
ad. L. *druida, ? druis, found only in pl., druide, 
druides, in Gr. dpvidar; a. OCeltic dental-stem 


DRUIDAN. 


druid-, whence Olr. drui, dat. and acc. druid, pi. 
druad, mod.Ir. and Gael. draoi (draoidh, druidh, 
gen. druadh) magician, sorcerer, Welsh dryw (also 
derwydd, perh. not the same word). As to the 
ulterior etymology, see Holder, A/t.-Celt. Sprach- 
Schatz ot 

1. One of an order of men among the ancient 
Celts of Gaul and Britain, who, according to Czesar 
were priests or religious ministers and teachers, but 
who figure in native Irish and Welsh legend as 
magicians, sorcerers, soothsayers, and the like. 
(The English use follows the Latin sources, whence 
it was derived, rather than native Celtic usage.) 
In early use always in plural. 

1563 Gotpinc Czsar vi. (1565) 155 The Druides are occu- 
pied about holy things: they haue the dooing of publicke and 
pene sacrifices, and do interprete and discusse matters of 

eligion. 1598 Barcxiey Vedic. Man (1631) 167 A woman. . 
that was a Soothsayer of them which were called Druides. 
1602 Hist, Eng. in Hart. Misc. (Mabh.) IT. 439 The Druyds, 
lifting up their hands towards heaven, filled the air with 
cries and curses. 1685 StiLLincFL. Orig. Brit. ij. 8 The 
last Age hath discovered a famous Urn of one Chyndonax, 
Chief of the Druids. _ Younc Love Fame 1. Wks. 
(1757) 101 Like an old Druid from his hollow oak. 1782 
Cowper Table 7. 503 Every hallowed druid was a bard. 
1862 Ecclesiologist XX111. 279 Curious beads of coloured 
glass commonly called * Druids’ beads’. 1892 Garpiner Stud. 
Hist, Eng. 14 In Mona was a sacred place.of the Druids. 

2. Hence in some modern applications. a. A 
priest, religious minister, chaplain. b. A philo- 
sophic bard or poet. 

1710 App1son Tatler No. 255 P 3 Even the Christmas Pye 
«.1s often forbidden to the Druid of the Family. 1748 
i. On Death Thomson i, In yonder grave a Druid 
1e€s. 
serve the public in a way not agreeable to certain Druids. 

ce. The appellation of some officers of the Welsh 


Gorsedd. 

1884 Pall Mall G. 20 Feb. 3 Not only was Dr. Price the 
arch-druid loudly cheered. .but [etc.]. 

a. United Ancient Order of Druids, a secret 
benefit society founded in London in 1781, and 
having now numerous lodges called gvoves in the 
United Kingdom, America, the Colonies, etc. 

3. attrib. or as adj. Of or belonging to the 
Druids, Druiptic. 

Druid stone, sandstone, the stone of which Stonehenge is 
constructed, grey-weather. 

1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. u. Wks. (1851) 31 If lastly the 
Druid learning honour’d so much among them, were at first 
taught them out of Britain. 1776 Westry Frnd. 1 Sept., 
Druid altars of enormous size. 1777 Waxton Poems 17 
(Jod.) Here Poesy. .In druid songs her solemn spirit breath’d. 
1848 Lytton Harold1.i,Grey Druid stones gleaming through 
the dawn, 1871 Puituirs Geol. Oxford xvii. 446 In this 
way perhaps we may account for the ‘ Druid’ sandstones, 
or ‘Grey Weathers’, or ‘Sarsen stones’ which lie in such 
abundance about Ashdown... and between Marlborough 
and Avebury. 

+ Druidan. Oés. rare. Also 6 druydan. [f. 
L. *druida+-aNn.] =DRvID. 

(The first form of the word in Eng., transl. L. Druide.) 

1509 Barciay Shyf of Folys \. 292 As the Druydans [ed. 


1570 Druidans] rennyth in vayne about In theyr mad festes. | 


+ Drui‘dean, a. Obs. rare. =Drurpie, 

1678 T. Jones Heart § its Right Sov. 542 The Druidean 
philosophy. 

ess (dri‘idés). [f. Drutp + -Ess. Cf. 
mod.F. Druidesse Dict. Acad. 1835). F. drutde 
and Eng. Druid were formerly of both genders.] 
A female Druid ; a Drnidic prophetess. 

1755 T. Amory Mem. (1769) I. 237 Caesar. .conversed here 
with the Dryades, and Magistri Sapientiae, the Druidesses 
and Druids. 1769 Pennant Zool, (1776) ILI. 32 (Jod.) Our 
modern Druidesses give much the same account of the ovum 
anguinum. 1813 Scott Trierm. 1. xxxv, Of merry England 
she, in dress Like ancient British Druidess. 1827 G. Hic- 
ins Celtic Druids 286 The Druidesses are represented to 
have acted like furies. 

Druidic (drvi-dik), a. [ad. L. type *druidic-us : 
see Drump and -10. Cf. mod.F. druidigue, (Dict. 
Acad. 1835).] Of or pertaining to the Druids. 

1773 Gentil. Mag. XLIII. 230 The remains of a stone 
tower, which I eee to be a Druidic work. 1803 W. 
Taytor in Ann, Rev. 1. 261 The druidic or rather bardic 
order, among the Cimbri, was very literate. 1878 BrowNinG 
Poets Croisic x6 * Scraps of Druidic lore’, Sigh scholars. 

Druidical (drvi-dikal), a =prec. 

x W. Cooke (fit/e) An Inquiry into the Patriarchal 
and Druidical —_— Temples, etc. 1842 Pricuarp Vat. 
Hist. Man 191 Circles of upright stones, like those which in 
Europe are termed Druidical. 1879 Lussock Sez. Lect. v. 
167 Avebury, the most magnificent of Druidical remains, 

Dru , a. Obs, [-188.] =Druintie. 

Holinshed has Druiysh, which derives ‘from Druiyas 
(the originall founder of their religion)’. 

1577 Hotinsnep Deser. Brit. vuli. 7 b/2 
Druiysh religion was frequented. 1723 H. Row.anps Mona 
Antiqua (1766) 226 The Druidish discipline in Gallia. 

(driidiz'm), [f. Druip+-tsm. Cf. 
F. druidisme (1727 in Hatz.-Darm.).] The re- 
ligious and anger ange system of the Druids. 

1715 M. Davies At Brit. 1. 287 Fabulous Legends 
and Poetick Druidisms. 1723 H. Rowcanps Mona Antiqua 
(1766) 257 We date and fix the original of Druidism about 
the time of Abraham. 1 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 349 
They [Galatians] had brought with them into Asia their 
old Druidism. 


Places where the 


1760 Jortin Erasm. 11.94 Who have endeavored to | 


688 


Drwidry. rare. [f. Dru +-Rv. 
= Dmidism ; bal PR wei ’ 
Be ag Lee B. Godfrey i. 4 The spring festival of 
D ; i , obs. forms of Dry. 
Drum (drzm), sd.! Forms: 6 drome, droome, 
6-7 dromme, drumm(e, drumb(e, 6- drum. 
[Evidenced ¢ 1540, but not common before 15735: 


Rel. (1857) 11. 226 Our men. .took 
soldiers, whom were 6 sergeants. .1 


app. preceded in use by drombylisclad, drombeslade, 
DguMsiLabE, which was very common in 16th c. 
It is not certain whether drome, dromme, drumme 
was an Eng. shortening of that longer name, or an 
independent form corresp. to MDa. tromme, Du. 
trom, MHG. trumme, trumbe, LG. trumme, Da. 
tromme, Sw. trumma drum.. Nor is it clear how 
the English forms, app. fret the beginning, have 
dr-, while all the continental langs, have ¢r-. (The 
forms drumbe, drumme, nanan 4 in late MHG., 
and dromm in mod.HG. dialects, have no historical 
contact with the English word.) 

MHG. trumbe, trumme had orig. the sense ‘ trumpet’, 
the only sense of OHG. ‘rumba, trumpa, corresp. to It. 
tromba, Sp. trompa, F. trompe trumpet (see Trump); so 
that the more general German sense would appear to have 
been ‘loud-sounding or booming instrument’. Mod.G. 
uses for ‘drum’ a derivative form ‘vomme/, MHG. truméel, 
trumel, Du. trommel (beside trom).) 

. A musical instrument of the percussive 
class, consisting of a hollow cylindrical or hemi- 
spherical frame of wood or metal, with a ‘head’ 
of tightly stretched membrane at one or both ends, 
by the striking of which and the resonance of the 
cavity the sound is produced. 

1541 Nottingham Rec. U1. 384 For pleying of hys drome 
afore Master Mayre..vjd. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V//T 
(1809) 678 And sodainly strake up a Dromme or Drounslade. 
a 1553 Uva. Royster D. w. vii. (Arb.) 74 Now sainct 
George to borow, Drum dubbe a dubbe afore. 1579 Tomson 
Calvin's Serm. Tim. 977/2 Drommes made of their skinnes. 
1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. ix. 41 At sound of morning droome. 
1599 Suaks. Much Ado u. iii. 15, 1 haue known when there 


| was no musicke with him but the drum and the fife. a 1617 


Bayne On EfA. (1658) 13 We hear not the Drumb. 169 
Ray Creation u. (1701) 271 A membrane. . stretched like the 
head of a drum. 1778 Jounson in Mad. D'Arblay's Diary 
Nov., How should a woman who is as empty as a drum, talk 
upon any other subject? 1817 C. Wotre Burial Sir F. 
Moore i, Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note, As 
his corpse to the rampart we hurried. 1838 Loner. /’s. 


| of Life iv, Our hearts. . Still, like muffled drums, are beating 


“uneral marches to the grave. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. 
India \1. 307 He entered on the following morning .. with 
drums beating, and colours flying. 

b. With various qualifications, as bass, big, 
great, little, long, tenor drum; also KETTLE-, SNARE-, 
TABLE-DRUM, q.v. Double-, side-drum (see quot. 
1874). ; 

1789 Wotcott (P. Pindar) Sud7. Paint. Wks. 1812 I. 154, 
I scarcely know The Oboe from the Double Drum. 1794 
Mrs. Rapcurre Myst. Udolpho xxv, [He] plays the great 
drum to admiration. 1874 Ksicut Dict. Mech. 1. 759/x 
The large drum, beaten at both ends, is called a doudle- 
drum, ‘Those hanging by the side of the drummer are called 
side-drums, 1880 Grove's Dict. Mus. s.v.,When musicians 
talk of ‘drums’ they mean kettledrums, in contradistinction 
to the side drum or hess drum. /did., The Bass-drum..used 
to be called the long-drum. 1893 Se.ous 7rav, S. Z. 
Africa 59 They would beat their war drums. 

ec. Phrases: + By the drum: by public announce- 
ment, publicly. 

1574 Hettowes Guevara's Fam. Ep. 375 Unto him y* 
offered most silver .. the priesthoode was given, as when a 

arment is sold by the drumbe. 1 ortH Plutarch 

1676) 465 That. .their Slaves should be openly sold by the 

um. 1602 F. Gopwin Bfs. of Eng. 32 He,.was woont to 
sell all other ecclesiastical promotions as it were by the 
drum. 1602 Warner Ad, Eng. 1X. liii. (1612) 239 Saintish, 
not in Deede, but by the Dromme. 

d. fig. and transf. 

wwpLceton & DEKKER mbecsges Girl m., ii, What 

‘ou, sir, To beate the drumme of my wife's infamy. 
1663 Burier Ard. 1. i. 11 And, Pulpit, Drum Ecclesiasti 

Was beat with Fist, instead of a Stick. 1690 Locke Govt. 1. 

Pref, Wks. 1727 IL. ror So at last all Times might not have 
Reason to complain of the Drum jastic. zi 

banjo, being like 


e. Applied to the body of a 
a drumhead and of parchment. 

1889 Pall MallG. 24 Jan. 7/1 The best length is twenty- 
seven inches from nut to drum..Fixing a skin upon a 
is a delicate operation requiring considerable patience. 

f. Zool. A natural organ by which an animal 
sar a loud or bass sound; sec. the hollow 
yoid bone of the howling monkey. 

1817 [see drum-cover in 3). oy hh A Cycl. XVI. 37/2 
(Mycetes) To afford room for the 
convexity of the os hyoides. 1847 0 1 
The howling Monkeys are distinguished. . by the dilatation 
of the os hyoides into a hollow drum, which communicates 
wih the larynx, and gives great additional resonance to 
the voice. 

2. The sound of the instrument; also ¢rans/,, 
a noise resembling that of a drum. 

1646 F. Hawkins Youth's Behaviour (1663) 2 Strike not 
up a Drum with thy fingers, or thy feet. 1810 Scort Lady 
ZL. 1. xxxi, And the Sate sound his drum, Booming 
from the sedgy shallow. 1891 Béackw. Mag. Nov. 649 
‘The drum of his wings as he trees, 

3. Af. One who plays the drum; a drummer 
(cf. bayonet, trumpet, etc.). *t Also, a small party 


among 
ir A Spect. No. 165 # 5 The 
i eh Fag Camp, with a 
. Oct. ‘2 He was appoint ‘ous' 

William. whee J. Witson A utobiog. 95 note, Amongst them 
[horses]. .was a grey one belonging to one of the drums. — 

+b. Jack, John, or Tom Drum’s entertainment: 
a rough reception, turning an unwelcome guest out 
of doors. Oés. 

1577-87 Howinsuep Hist. Irel. B ij/t (N.) Tom Drum’s 
entertainment, which is, to bale a man in by the head, and 
thrust him out by both the shoulders. 1579 Gosson Sch. 
Abuse (Arb.) 22 Plato .. gaue them all Drummes entertain- 
ment, not suffering them once to shew thei in a re- 
formed common wealth. x60 Suaxs. Ad/’s Well m1. vi. 41 
If you giue him not Iohn dr entertai it 
Crosse Vertues Commu. (1878) 79 If his backe be poore .. 
and hath neither money nor friends, he shall haue Tom 
Drums entertainment. 1613 J. ‘Taycor in Coryat's Crudities 
(1776) IIL. Cc iij, Not like the entertainment of Iacke Drum, 

ho was best welcome when he went his way. 
II. Something resembling a drum or cylinder 
in shape or structure. 

4. The hollow part of the middle ear; the tym- 
panum ; chiefly in phrase, drum of the ear. 

1615 Crooke Bod; of Man 611 The outwarde Aire affected 
with the quality of the der h the Memb 
or Head of the Drumme. 1713 Berxetey Hylas § P. 1. 
Wks. 1871 I. 272 Motion in the external air..striking on the 
drum of the ear, it causeth a vibration. 1757 Beattie Wolf 
& Shepherds 31 A Beau..with loud and everlasting clack, 
{Will] beat your auditory drum. 1879 Ca-perwoop Mind 
& Br. 71 A distinct chamber known as the Drum (tym- 
panum) or middie ear. 

5. Machinery. A cylinder or ‘barrel’ round 
which a belt passes or a rope is wound. 

1776 G. SEMPLE rege in Water 36 The Spring that 
locks the Drum to the Shaft. 1858 Larpner Hand-bk. Nat. 
Phil., Hydrost. 111 [The rope} is carried two or three 
times round a large vertical drum erected near the well. 
1884 F. +f Britten Watch & Clockm. 96 The barrel on 
which the driving cord in turret s is wound also 
answers to the name of drum. 1887 Horrman Jifs /. 
Tricycl. 8 Abandoning this form of brake for the second 
form—the band and drum on the centre of the axle. 

6. Applied to drum-shaped parts of many 
machines. Such are the following : 

a. Paper-making. A framework covered with wire 

aving in its interior two suction-tubes by which 

the water, after circulating through the rags, is carried 

away in a constant stream. b. Calico-printing. The 

hollow cylinder or cask in which steam is applied to printed 

fabrics in order to fix the col ce. A cylindrical cham- 
nj 


> 
ber used in sto’ flues and heating apparatus. d. The 
cylindrical case which holds the pe 1 g of a car-brake. 
é. A doffer in a carding-machine. f. cylindrical beater 
of a thrashing-machi See also i 


1747 Gentl. Mag. XVI. 526/2 A rotatory axis furnish’d 
with fans for making a wind, by turning ina drum. omar 
Somervitte Agric. Surv. East Lothian 74 (Jam.) 
sheaves were carried between an indented drum anda num- 


ber of rollers of the same description ranged round the 
drum. 1846 Greener Sc. Gunnery 305 Then polishing the 


whole in a machine termed a drum. Catal. Roy. Agric. 
Soc. Show Gloucester "ii Four-horse ble thrashing ma- 
chine. . The drum is of iron with six ers. 1861 SMILES 
Engineers UU, 110. 1888 Pall Mall G. 10 July 13/2 
A joint, a pair of chick a piece of sal; with vege- 
tables, each in their te di: were packed one above 
the other in what is called the drum. 1888 Century 
Mag. XXXV1.887/1 The drum of [a gun] contains 


102 cartridges. 

7. Archit. a. The solid part or ‘vase’ of the 
Corinthian and Composite capitals. b. The block 
of stone com g one section of the shaft of a 
column (Gwilt). ¢@. The upright part under or 
above acupola. d. See quot. 1883. 

1727-52 Cuamers Cycl., Vase. .the body of the Corinthian 
enh Compuaing ca ital; called also the tambour, or drumt. 
1837 Penny Cyc. 7 e The height of the drum [of the 
Dome of S. Paul's) is 62 feet. 1861 Miss Beaurort Zgy/t. 
Sepulch. & Syr. Shrines 11. xxiv. 320 Forty of these columns 
are still standing ., and the is strewed with their 

1883 G. Veekl 


fallen drums. Her.19 nee 4d The 
console or drum, as our lish clockmakers the pro- 
jection from the tower [to hold a clock face). 


8. Various technical applications: a. A sieve 
(see quot. 1 tad b. A cylinder of canvas used 
together with a cone asa storm-signal. c. The ~ 
cylindrical or nearly cylindrical part of an urn or 
other ae ie 
eared by Conbecionarn th 
Pe Sax vig love Worabee BY. Storm Signal, s 
1807 wy cone which show thedirection of the expected gale. 


. A box in which figs or other dried are packed, 
weighing from PY to $ of scwt. b. A ire tt eg 
ogo Ee ee Pactonts 46 Bristles in drums, /bid. 


r Civiliz. vi, 215 


DRUM. 


Squeezed into hurdles like figs into a drum. 1858 Sin 

monps 7rade Dict.s.v., The large flat tubs in which fish 

are packed in New Brunswick for the Brazil markets are 
called drums ; each drum contains exactly 128 Ibs. of pressed 
codfish, that being the Portuguese quintal. 188z Price List, 

Burning oils are supplied in Casks about 4o gallons each and 

in Iron Drums of about 10 gallons each. 

ITI. 10. An assembly of fashionable people at 

a private house, held in the evening: much in 

vogue during the latter half of the 18th and be- 

ginning of the 19th century; a rout. (See quots.) 

Later, An afternoon tea-party, formerly sometimes 

followed by the larger assembly. Cf. KeTrLepruM. 

1745 Exiza Heywoop Female rr post a II. 269 She 
told me, that, when the number of company for play ex- 
ceeded ten tables, it was calleda racquet; if under, it wasonly 

a vout; and if no more than one or two, it was only a drum. 

1745 Mrs. Montacu Lett. (1813) III. 37, 1 wish we had.. 
our vanities, as last year; that by the word Drum we un- 
d od a polite bly, and by a Rout, only an engage- 
ment of hoop-petticoats. 1746 SMoLLETT Advice 30 note, 
This is a riotous assembly of fashionable people, of both 
sexes, at a private house, consisting of some hundreds; not 
unaptly stiled a drum, from the noise and emptiness of the 
entertainment. +749 Fietpinc Tom Yones xvi; vi, A drum 
then, is an assembly of well dressed persons of both sexes, 
most of whom play at cards, and the rest do nothing at all. 
*779 Mrs. Barsautp HW és. (1825) II. 22 Do you know the 
different terms? There is a squeeze, a fuss, a drum, a rout, 
and lastly a hurricane, when the whole house is full from 
top to bottom. 1824 Lapy Granvitie Lett. 5 Dec. (1894) I. 
#7 We went last night to a drum at Rothschild's. 1866 

ROWNING in Mrs. Orr Z2/e 273, I met him at a large party 
--also Carlyle, whom I never met at a ‘drum’ before. 

IV. 11. More fully drum-fish: A name of 
various American scizenoid fishes which have the 
power of making a drumming noise. 

Among these are the ‘salt-water drum’ (Pogonias chro- 
mts) found on the Atlantic coast; the ‘fresh-water drum’ 
(Hafplodinotus gr fens) of the Mississippi, and lakes of 
the St. Lawrence; the ‘branded drum’, ‘ organ-fish ', ‘ red- 
fish’, ‘sea-boss’ (Sctzna ocellata) of the Gulf States. 

1676 T. Giover in Phil. Trans. XI. 624 There is another 
sort which the English call a Drum; many of which are 
two foot and a half or three foot long. 1683-4 Robinson 
Lbid. XX1X. 480 Many Tamburo’s or Drum-Fishes. _ 1775 
Romans Hist. Florida 187 Vhe principal fish here .. is the 
red drum, called in East Florida a bass, and in West Flo- 
rida carp. /did, 188 The roes of mullets and black drum. 
1853 Russet. Diary North & South I. 210. 189x W. K. 
Brooks Oyster 106 The drawback to East River oyster- 
planting..is the abundance of enemies with which the beds 
are infested. These consist of drum fish, skates, [etc.]. 

V. attrib. and Comb. 

12. General comb.: a. Simple attrib., as drum- 
beat, -call, -cover, -roll, -skin, -tap, etc. b. Like, or 
of the shape of, a drum, or having a part so shaped, 
as drum-capstan, -clock, -net, -pulley, -salt, -shaft, 
-tower, etc. @, Objective and similative, as drum- 
beating, -maker, -player ; drum-like, -shaped adjs. 

1855 Loner. My Lost Youth iv, I remember. .the *drum- 
beat repeated o'er and o’er, and the bugle wild and shrill. 
1893 A thenzum 18 Nov. 697/3 It is time the *drum-beating 
about the deadly peril of the exploit is estimated at that true 
value my brother. .assigned to it. 1 x H. Wacpote Ver- 
tue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) III. 151 He [Sir S. Morland] in- 
vented the *drum-capstands for weighing heavy anchors. 
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 96 The escapement 
used in French *Drum Clocks is a continual source of 
trouble to English clock jobbers. 1817 Kirsy & Sp. 
Entomol. i. xxiv. 405 The *drum-covers or opercula [of the 
cicada] from beneath which the sound issues. 1690 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 2582/4 William Grining, *Drum-maker to the 
Office of the Ordnance. 1814 Soutney in Q. Rev. XH. 
185 Daffodils or any bright yellow flowers will decoy perch 
into a *drum-net.- 1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, 
Tabourineur, a *drumplaier. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 982 
bee the main shaft is mounted a cylindrical hollow box or 
*drum pulley. 1887 Pal/ Mall G. 22 Nov. 3/2 You will see 
war..without music, without the *drum-roll [etc.]. 1688 
in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 11. 114 One Silver *drum 
Salt with the Colledge Arms on it. 1893 E. H. Barker 
Wand. by S, Waters 125 Near to this, under a medieval 
*drum-tower, is the gateway of the ‘City of Happiness’. 
1880 A thenzum 20 Nov. 678/3 Musical instruments .. are 
yet readily reducible under three distinct types: 1, The 

drum type; 2. The pipe type; 3. The lyre type. 

13. Special comb.: drum-armature, a dynamo- 
armature in form of a rotating hollow cylinder ; 
drum-boy, -man, the drummer in a band; drum- 
curb, a cylindrical curb of iron or wood to support 
the brickwork of a shaft; drum-fish: see 11; 
drum-hole, the sound-hole in the side of a drum 
with two heads; drum-line, a line used for catch- 
ing drum-fish; also drum-jish line; drum-ring, 
the annular margin of the tympanum of the ear; 
‘++drum-room, the room in which a ‘drum’ or 
rout is held; drum-saw, a cylinder- or barrel-saw 
for sawing curved material; drum-sieve, a sieve 
enclosed in a drum-like box, for sifting fine sub- 
stances without loss or dust: cf. 8a; +drum- 
staff, a drumstick ; drum-wheel, (a) a barrel or 
cylinder round which a rope is coiled; (4) a water- 
raising current-wheel made in the form of a drum, 
a tympanum ; +drum-wine, ? wine sold ‘ by the 
drum’: see rc. Also DRUM-HEAD, -MAJOR. 

1890 Wormett Electr. in Serv. Man 269 The *drum 
armature usually consists of a hollow cylinder, which rotates 
with the shaft, and round which the wires are wound parallel 
with the axis of rotation, 1783 Sir M. Hunter Jrai. 

Vou, III, 


689 


(1894) 54 A *drumboy of ours got upon the coop with him. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 142 In Drums, the Closenesse round 
about..maketh the Noise come forth at the *Drum-hole, 
far more loud, and strong, than if you should strike 
upon the like Skin, extended in the Open Aire. 1794 
Rigging & Seamanship 1. 64 *Drum-lines, for drums, have 
16 threads. Drum-fish-line has 9 threads. 1867 A thenzumnz 
No. 2085. 458/2 A tie of triple drum line. 1821 Sed/ /u- 
structor 578 The drum-major has the command of all the 
*drum-men, Burnetr Zar 42 The inner and major 
portion of the entire auditory passage, is developed from the 
so-called *drum-ring, avnulus tympanicus. 1749 FiecpinG 
Tom Jones xi. ix, The bonny house-maid begins to repair 
the disordered *drum-room. 1581 Marpeck Bk. of Notes 
36 The Priests wold make such a noise with *drumstaves, 

fimbrells, and Tabrets. 1632 Massincer City Madam 
uti, Yet not find a chapman That in courtesy will bid 
a chop of mutton, Or a pint of *drum-wine for me. 

Drum, sé.* [a. Gael. and Ir. druzm back, ridge.] 
A ridge or ‘rigg’, a long narrow hill often 
separating two parallel valleys: a frequent element 
in Scottish and Irish geographical proper names. 
Hence Geo/. A term for a long narrow ridge of 
‘drift’ or diluvial formation, usually ascribed to 
glacial action. 

1725 R. Innes Lett. to Bp. Nicolson 2 June 24 The low- 
land of Magilligan is divided into ridges (or, as we call 
them, dryms) of sand. 7797 Statist. Acc. Scot. XIX. 342 
These singular ridges of Nature called here drums. 1833 
Grul. Roy. Geol. Soc. Dublin 1. 37 The names Drum and 
Drumlin (Dorsum) have been applied to such hills. 1873 

.Geikie Gt, [ce Age ii. 17 The long parallel ridges, or 
sowbacks’ and ‘drums’, as they are termed .. invariably 
coincide in direction with the valleys or straths in which 
they lie. 1882 Geikie Text-b%. Geol. vi. v. § 1. 889 Round 
the mountainous centres of dispersion it [drift] is apt to 
occur in long ridges or ‘drums’ which run in the general 
direction of the rock-striation. 

Brum, v. [f. Drum 56.1 Cf. the analogous Du. 
trommen, Da. tromme, Sw. trumma, G. trommeln.] 

I. zntr. 1. To beat or play on a drum. 

1592 Suaks. Row. & Ful. 1. iv. 86 Then anon [she] drums 
in his eares, at which he startes, and wakes. 1601 — A//'s 
Well ww. iii. 331 Ie no more drumming, a plague of 
drummes, 1872 C. Gipnon For the King i, He drummed 
with enthusiasm. 1882 Besant Revolt of Man xiv. (1883) 
324 [They] found..a cart containing drums. They seized 
them and began drumming with all their might. 

+b. To announce by beat of drum. Oés. 

1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Pravers (1851) 516 We drum, 
that Doomsday, now at hand, Doth call all soldiers to 
death’s band. 

2. To beat as ona drum; to beat or thump upon 
anything with a more or less rhythmical or regular 
noise; e.g. to thump on a piano as distinguished 
from playing properly, 

1583 SranyHurst “ne/s 111. (Arb.)87 Thee rocks sternelye 
facing with salt fluds spumye be drumming. 1594 NasHEe 
Unfort. Trav. Wks. 1883-4 V. 185 Brauely did he [sn 
executioner] drum on this Cutwolfes bones. 1660 tr. A mzy7- 
aldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. ii, 336 Some of them drumming 
upon Kettles, sum upon Bucklers. 1778 Map. D’Arsiay 
Diary 23 Aug., She got a harpsichord. .put herself in fine 
attitudes, and drummed. 1835 W. Irvinc Your Prairies 
51 They..began a low nasal chant, drumming with their 
hands upon their breasts, by way of accompaniment. 1861 
Hucues 7om Brown at Oxf. xii. (1889) 111 They soon 
found themselves drumming at his oak, which was opened 
shortly. 1862 Sata Seven Sons I. vii. 165 [Her] foot was 
drumming on the carpet. a 

b. Applied to the strong beating of the heart. 

1593 Suakxs. Lucr. 435 His drumming heart cheares vp 
his borsing eye. a1700 DryveNn (J.), Now, heart, Set ope 
thy sluices .. Then fel thy rest within the quiet cell; For 
thou shalt drum no more, 

3. Of birds or insects : To make a lond hollow re- 
yerberating sound, as by the quivering of the wings. 

ax813 A. Witson Foresters Wks. (1846) 232 Buried in 
depth of woods .. Where pheasants drum. 1847 EMERSON 
Poems, Woodnotes i, Wks, (Bohn) I. 421 He saw the part- 
ridge drum in the woods. 1873 J. E. Taytor HalfA, in 
Lanes 2 Flies and gnats drum around you. 

4. To sound like a drum; to resound. 

1638 R. Junius Sin Stigm. 38 (T.) A boiling stomach, 
rotten teeth, a stinking breath, a drumming ear. 1643 
Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 51This indeed makes a noise, 
and drums in popular ears, 1831 CARLYLE Sart. Res. ul. x, 
Seized with..what I can call a drumming in my ears. 

5. ‘To go about, as a drummer does, to gather 
recruits, to secure partisans, customers, etc.; with 
Sor’ (Webster 1864). 

1860 Barter Dict. Americanisms, Drumming, in mer- 
cantile phrase, means the soliciting of customers. 

II. ¢rans. 6. To summon by or as by beat of 
drum; to call or beat wf as by drumming. b. 
collog. To obtain (custom, customers) by canvass- 
ing or solicitation; cf. DruMMER 2. 

1606 Suaxs. Ant. § C7. 1.iv.29 Such time, That drummes 
him from his sport. 1656 J. BenrHam 7wo Treatises (1657) 
46 As if none are so dead, but dancing will drumm up. 
1849 Gray Left. (2893) 62, T will then drum up subscribers 
for Fendler. 1883 Visheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 160 The 
fish are drummed up by striking two shells. .together. 

7. To expel or dismiss publicly by beat of drum, 
so as to heighten the disgrace, as to drum out of 
a regiment ; to put dow or silence Faia 3 

1766 T. Amory ¥. Buncle (1825) III. 254 They .. ought to 
be drummed out of society. 1811 Naval Chron. V. 28 
You are to be drummed ashore. x Macautay AZise. 
Writ. (1860) I. 317 Another is drummed out of a regiment. 
1854 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. & Eng. 1V. 580 The voice of 
conscience drummed down by popular excitement, 


DRUMBLER. 


8. To din or drive (a person, etc. zv/o a certain 
state) by persistent repetition of admonition, etc. ; 
to drum (a lesson) zz/o (a person), to drive it into 
the ears or mind by incessant repetition. 

1820 SHELLEY (Eutifus 1. 259, I have hummed her and 
drummed her From place to place, till at last I have 
dumbed her. 1847 BusHnett Chr. Nurt. 11. vii. (1861) 368 
Small children are likely to be worried and drummed into 
apathy by dogmatic catechisms. | 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. 
xiii, § ; (1876) 33t This doctrine has .. been tolerably 
effectually drummed into the public mind. 1865 BusHNELL 
Vicar. Sacr. 1. ii. (1868) 257 The soul..cannot drum itself 
to sleep in mere generalities of wrong. A : 

9. To beat or thump (anything) as in beating 
adrum. dal. To beat or thrash. 

1879 JerFeries Wild Life in S. Co. 8 It is amusing to see 
two of these animals drumming each other; they stand on 
their hind legs..and strike with the fore-pads as if boxing. 
1890 Gloucester Gloss. A drumming, a thrashing. 1894 
Cornh. Mag. Feb. 153 His fingers drum the dock ledge. 

10. To strike (the hands, feet, etc.) «fo some- 
thing, as if they were drumsticks. 

18st D. Jerrotp S¢, Giles xxxiv. 353 Shall I..drum my 
fingers upon the table? 1886 Sims Aing o’ Bells, etc. 1. it. 
37 All the company waiting and drumming their heels. 

11. To perform (a tune) on or as on a drum. 

1864 Wesster, Dur, to execute on a drum, as a tune. 
1891 H. Herman His Angel iv. 69 He drummed an un- 
conscious rataplan on the table with his knife. 1893 
McCarrny Dictator 1.9 He drummed the national hymn of 
Gloria upon the balcony-rail with his fingers. 

TIL. zxtr. 12. To give or attend social ‘drums’. 

1825 Lavy GRaAnviLLe Lett. 30 Jan. (1894) I. 339 Little 
they'll heed if they see me drum on, 1837 /é/d. Jan. 11. 221 
We must begin again drumming and affronting. 

+ Drumble, sé.! Obs. exc. dal. [Variant of 
dumble, DUMMEL, perh. influenced by drone, or 


dromedary.| An inert or sluggish person; a 
‘drone’. 

1575 Appius & Virg. in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 118 Yea, but 
what am 1? A dreamer, a drumble, a fire or a spark? 1879 


Shropsh. Word-bk., Drumble, obsols., a dull, inactive per- 
son, ‘The poor owd mon..wuz al’ays a poor drumble.’ 

Drumble, 54.2,a dial. var. of dumble: cf. DIMBLE. 

Drumble- (also 6 dromel-, 9 drummel-, 
drumle-), in names of insects, a variant of 
Dumsie-. [Cf. DRuMBLE sé.!] + Drumble-bee, 
a humble- or bumble-bee (0és.). Drumble-dore, 
a clumsily-flying insect, a dor-beetle, or bumble- 
bee ; fig. a heavy stupid fellow; app. sometimes 
associated with dromedary. Drumble-drone, 2 
drone-bee, a bumble-bee. 

1567 Triall 77reas.(1850) 6 Thou goest like a dromeldory, 
dreamy and drowzy. 1596 Nasue Saffron Walden F iij b, 
Your fly ina boxe is but a drumble-bee in comparison of 
it. 1746 Vocad.in Exmoor Scold. (E.D.S.) 65/2 Drumble- 
drane, a drone or humble bee. 1855 Kincs_ey Hestw. 
Ho! (1861) 290 Since you used to put drumble-drones into 
my desk to Bideford school. 1881 Miss Yoncr Lads & 
Lasses of Langley iv. 134 Poor Billy, he was but a drumble- 
dore of a boy, as his mother called him. 1894 BrackMore 
Perlycross 69, | must a’ been mazed as a drummeldrone. 

Drumble, v.! Now aiaé. [f. DrumBx sd.1] 

1. intr. To be sluggish; to move sluggishly. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry IV. int. iii. 156 Go, take vp these 
cloathes heere, quickly .. Look, how you drumble! 1822 
Scotr Nigel xxiii, Why, how she drumbles—I warrant she 
stops to take a sip on the road. 1826 — IWoodst. xviii, 
Why do you hesitate and drumble in that manner? 1875 
H. Kincstey No. Seventeen xxvi, They, to use a Devon- 
shire expression, drumbled on to Falmouth. 

+2. zuz/r. Yo drone, to mumble. Odés. 

1579 FuLke Heskins’ Parl. 288 How so euer M. Heskins 
drumbleth and dreameth of this matter, Cranmer saith 
truely. 1596 Nasue Saffron Walden 34 Graybeard drumb- 
bling over a discourse. 

+ Drumble, v.2 Oés. [app. freq. and dim. of 
Drum v.: cf. Du. and Ger. ¢rommeln, Da. tromle, 
Sw. ¢rum/ato drum.) zztr. To sound like a drum. 

1630 Drayton AZuses’ Elysium viii. (R.), Let the nimble 
hand belabour The whistling pipe, and drumbling tabor. 

Drumble, v.3 Sc. Also 9 drummle. [app. 
a nasalized form of DRUBBLE v., parallel to dvumdly, 
DromLy a. from Drusiy; but possibly a back- 
formation from the adj., which occurs earlier.] 

+1. trans. To trouble, disturb. Ods. 

1637 Rutrnerrorp Lef/t. (1862) I. 355 My drumbled and 
troubled well began to clear, 1724 Ramsay Dk. of 
Hamilton's Shooting in Poems on R. C. of Archers (1726) 
46 Rogues that drumble [ed. 1800, at] the Common Weal. 

2. To make drumly or turbid. 

1825 in Jamieson, od, Sc. The flood 
the water. 

+ Drumbler, drumler. 0%s. Also 7 drom- 
ler. [a. early mod. Du. drommeler a kind of ship 
(Kilian); perh. a perversion of the foreign term 
dromon, dromond after a native word: cf. drommel 
a compact and dense thing, drommeler a square- 
built ‘chunky’ man.] - 

1, A name in the 17th c. for a small fast vessel, 
used as a transport, also as a piratical ship of war. 

1598 Haktuyt ed I, 601 (R.) She was immediately as- 
saulted by diuers English pinasses, hoyes, and drumblers. 
1604 E. Grimstone //ist. Siege Ostend 31 Two Dromlers 
laden with bowes. 16x Cotcr., Dromant, a Drumbler, 
Carauell, or such like small, and swift vessell, vsed b: 
Pyrats, 1630 J. Taytor Navy of Land Ships wor te 87, 

8 


had drummled 


DRUMHEAD. 


Seuerall vessels at Sea doe make a Nauy, as Carracks .. 
Barkes, Pinnaces, Hoighs, Drumlers, F. rigandi 


ick Time is to be under the di- 


2. A wheelbarrow. 

1613 MarkHam Eng. Husbandman 1, u. xvi. (1635) 204 
This dunge you shall bring into your Garden in little 
drumblars or wheele- wes. 

[f. Drom sé.1+ Heap sd.] 

1. The skin or membrane stretched upon a drum, 

by te beating of which the tone is produced. 
sed also in the camp or field for various purposes as an 
improvised table, gaming-table, writing-desk, etc. 

1622 Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman d’ Alf. io 170, I did so 
often visit the Drum-head. . getting little, and loosing much. 
1654 WuitLock Zootomia 423 The Chance of War, playeth 
as casually while the Drumme beats, as ever Die did on 
Drumme Head. 1684 Contempl. State Man 1. vi. (1699) 
66 A Soldier. .passing away his time at Dice upon a Drum 
head, 1802 Pacey Nat. Theol. iii. (1830) 32 It resembles 
also a drum head in this principal property, that its use 
depends upon its tension. 1841 James Brigand xii, He shall 
have no judgment but that over the drum-head. 

2. The membrane across the drum of the ear. 

1664 Butter //ud. u. iii. Heroic. Ep. to Sidrophel 24 As 
if the vehemence had stunn’d And torn your Drum-heads 
with the Sound, 1874 Roosa Dis. Ear 63 Sometimes the 
hairs of the canal grow to such a length as to obscure the 
view of the Meatus and the drum-head. 1888 Amer. Ann. 
Deaf Apr. 163 Operations for deafness by the excision of 
the drumhead. 

3. The circular top of a capstan, into which the 
capstan-bars are fixed, Also, the head or top of 
a ‘drum’ in machinery. 

1726 Suetvocke Voy. round World 15 We began to heave 
up our anchor the day before, but wrench’d the drum-head 
of our capstane. 1769 Fatconek Dict. Marine (1789) L ij, 
The drum-head is a broad cylindrical piece of wood, re- 
sembling a mill-stone, and fixed immediately above the 
barrel. ¢ 1860 H. Sruart Seaman's Catech. 54 Name the 
parts of a capstan. The bed, .. spindle, drum-head [etc. }. 
1894 Daily News 4 Sept. 3/1 The boring by means of the 
great circular drumhead—the ‘ Shield '"—weighing 250 tons, 
with a sharp cutting edge in front, and at the back of it 28 
hydraulic jacks. 

4. A flat-topped variety of cabbage. More fully 
drumhead cabbage. 

I W. Green in A. Young Agric. Suffolk 94 The sort 
{of cabbage] drum-head, from its flat top, and as hard as 
a stone, 1808 Curwen Econ. Feeding Stock 50 The ground 
was cropped with four acres of ruchesd cabbages. 

5. attrib., as drumhead court-martial, a court- 
martial round an up-turned drum, for summary 
treatment of offences during military operations ; 
hence drumhead disctpline, law, that which is dis- 
pensed at a drumhead court-martial; also fg. 

1835, etc, [see Court-MARTIAL 1b]. 1847 Le Fanu 
T. O'Brien 168 If your majesty were to give them drumhead 
law. 1870 Lowe, Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 246 He 
lived to see that there was more reason in the drumhead 
religious discipline..than he may have thought at first. 

Hence Dru'mhea:ded, in drumhcaded cabbage, 
= DRUMHEAD 4. 

+799 Trans. Soc. Arts XVII. 137 The drum-headed 
cabbage is the best sort. 

Drumler: see DRuMBLER. 

Drumlin (drvmilin). [app. for drumling, dim. 
of Drum 56.2] =Drum 56.2 

1833 [see Drum sd.*]. 1833-8 J. Scoucer in ¥rnl. Royal 
Geol. Soc. Dublin 1. 273 These drumlins are very common in 
many parts of the country, and a very fine example of their 
nature occurs between Belfast and Lisburn. 1893 Sir H. 
Howortu Glac. Nightmare II. 854 Sometimes. .they are 
aggregated into lenticular mounds or drumlins. 

Drumly (drv-mli), a. Orig. Sc. Also drumbly. 
[app. nasalized var. of DRUBLY, in same sense.] 

1. Of the sky or day: Troubled; gloomy, cloudy; 
the opposite of clear. Also fig. 

1513 Doucras 42neis v. xii. 55 ‘The drumblie schoure jet 
furth our all the air Als blak as pik. 1708 J. Buackaper 
Diary 26 Sept. in Crichton Life xiv. (1824) 331 This cam- 
paign has still a strange drumly aspect. c 1817 Hocc 7a/es 
& Sk. II. 220 A glow of seriousness in his drumly looks. 
1888 A. S. Witson Lyric of a Hopeless Love xxvi. 92 
Above the drumly day. 

2. Of water, etc.: Turbid; discoloured with 
matter in suspension ; not clear. 

1570 BucHanan Ane Admonit, Wks. (1892) 24 Gude 
oe -.in drumly Watter. 1622 Br. Asernetuy Phys, 
Sor Soule xix. (1630) 203 Like a stirred and drumly water. 
1713 Kennepy Ophtha: mogr., It mixed with the aqueous 
h » which ing drumly, the patient could no 
longer see. 1853 G. Jounston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 1, 10 Its 
marginvoften miry and sedgy, its water drumly. 

b. fig. and transf. 

1563 lag od Wks. (1890) II. 78 Lat the cleir fayth .. of 
our elders na mixing of glar .. be tribulit and maid 
drumlye. Bg Burns ‘Kind Sir, I've read your paper 
through’ 6 Or what the drumlie Dutch were doin’. 1829 
Scorr ¥rn/. 13 Feb., 1 wrote for several hours .. but was 
nervous and drumlie. 

‘m-major. [See Masor sd.] 

1. +a. The first or chief drummer ina regimental 
band (04s.). _b. A non-commissioned officer who 
has command of the drummers of a regiment. ¢. 
An officer of a band or drum-corps, who leads it 
and directs its movements on the march. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres ww.i. 99 He is to commaunde 
the drumme maior to sound the call. 1689 Lond. Gas. No. 
2458/4 Michael Cavendish, Drum-major in my Lord Love- 
lace his Regiment of Foot. id. No. 6382/1 The 
Drums of His Majesty's Housheld, the Drum-Major at- 


tending. 1844 Regul. § Ord. Army 140 The Music for | 


Drum-Major..until the prescribed cadence 
has been acquired. 

+2. humorous. A pay ‘drum’ or rout. Obs. 

1753 Scots Mag. Jan. 37/1 At home. To have a drum- 
major and seventeen -tables. 

3. attrib. and Comb. + drum-major-general, a 
staff officer who controlled the drummers, etc. 

x651 Cievetanp Poems 27 These Drum-major oaths of 
Bulk unruly. 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money Chas. 11 6 
oe 1 (Camden) 177 To John Maugridge, drumajor gen!!, 

nty..2000. 31743 List Govt. Officers in J. Chamberlayne 
St. Gt. Brit. 108 Staff-Officers on his Majesty’s Establish- 
ment..Mr. John Clothier, Drum-Major-General. 

Drummer (drv'mo:).  [f. Drum v.+-ER1.] 
-1. One who beats a drum for public or military 
purposes ; one who plays the drum in a band. 

In the British army it was formerly also his duty to 
carry out sentences of the ‘cat’. (Cf. Stocqueler J/i/. 
Encycl. 1853.) 

1573-80 Baret AZ. D 1309 A Drummer, or plaier on the 
drumme. 1580 No/ tin, ig” ag IV. 196 Payd tothedrummer 
xvjd. 1§93 Suaks. 3 Hen. V/, w. vii. 50 Drummer strike vp, 
and let vsmarchaway, 1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 
206 The preachers were better than drummers to raise 
volunteers, 1823 J. F. Coorer Pioneer iv, The lash drawing 
through his left, in the scientific manner with which drum- 
mers apply the cat. 1844 Regul. & Ord. Army 168 The 
proportion of Acting Drummers shall not exceed Four [to 
a Company]. 1890 7imes 17 Dec. 14/4 When the order to 
commence was given, the first drummer went in and admin- 
istered 25 lashes, told off deliberately by the drum-major, 
‘One, two, three’, and so on. 

2. fig. One who solicits custom or orders; a 
commercial traveller; cf. DruM v. 5 and 6b. U.S. 

1827 Scort in C. KX. Sharpe's Corr.(1888) 11.398 The Nos. of 
Lodge's book. .were left by some drummer of the trade upon 
speculation. 1860 BartLettr Dict. Amer., Drummer, a per- 
son employed by city houses to solicit the custom of country 
merchants. 1882 T. S. Hunson Scamper thro’ America 
183 As enterprising as a Chicago drummer. 

3. (See quot.) 

x C. Mackeson British Alm. Comp. 94 Among the 
double meanings .. Drummer for a Musician or a Black- 
smith’s hammer man. 


4. Applied to various animals which make a 


drumming noise, or suggest the action of drumming. 


a. A drum-fish. b. The large West Indian cockroach 
(Blatta gigantea) which makes a noise at night by knocking 
its head against the woodwork of houses. ¢c. A rabbit. 
d. Sporting slang: see quot. 1785. 

1725 SLOANE Yasmatca II, 290 Drummer-Fish. This was 
taken at Old Harbour. 2785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, 
Drummer, a jockey term for a horse that throws about 
his fore legs irregularly. 1847 Carpenter Zool. § 665 One 
of them [species of B/atta) is new in the West Indies by 
the name of drummer, from the sh knocking sound 
which it produces. 1883 /isheries Exhib, Catal. (ed. 4) 170 
Grunts, Croakers, and Drummers .. deriving their names 
from the sounds they utter when caught. 1894 Blackw. 
Mag. May 722 ‘ When I wanted drummers [rabbits] 1 could 
git them for myself.” 

5. Comb., as drummer-boy, -fish (see 4), -lad. 

1830 Scotr Demonol. x. 365 Matcham would have deserted 
had it not been for the presence of a little drummer-lad. 
1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge lviii, The drummer-boys prac- 
tising in a distant courtyard. 

‘mming, v4/. sb. [See -1na!.] 

1. The action of the vb. Drum, in various senses. 

1583 Stuspes Anat, Abdus. 1. Pref. (1879) 11 With pyping, 
fluting, dromming, and such like inticements. 1653 |. SPEN- 
cer /’rodigies (1665) 228 Apparitions, Voices, Drummings, 
Noises of Evil Spirits in the Heavens or Earth, 1830 Gat 
Lawrie T.1. vii, The deep and dreadful drumming of the 
thunder. 1831 [see Drum v. 4]. 1839 Carty.e Chartism 
v. 141 Ignominious drumming out. 

2. The sport of fishing for drum-fish. U.S, 

1889 in Century Dict. 

3. attrib. and Comé. 

a 1653 G. Dantet /dyl/ iv. 92 As a Tam'd Hare, that 
Strikes a Drumming fitt. 1832 J. Bree S¢. Herbert's Isle 155 
That fatal hive In which... dr ing-stick I pl d 


icles, | pl. a. [f. Drum v, + -1NG2.] 
That drums or M ats like a drummer. 


1593-"' [see Drum v. 2b, 4]. 1859 Tennyson Enid 
Bn el thunder of the huger fall At distance. 
_ Birv Sandwich Jsl. (1880) 83 There are no 
orrid, dr , stabbing i 
Drummock, Se. var. of DRAMMOCK. 

ond light. 


i 

bina 

.c 6 Life (ed. Wisdom thinks, and 

pede a an bee ae rr — 
(dromi), a. [f. Drum sb.1+-y¥1.] Of 

the nature of a drum, or characterized by the drum. 


1833 M. Scorr 7om Cringle xi, A tle pe band, 
a little too drummy. 1890 Fenn Double Knot 1, Prol, iii. 
49 [His] ribs. .emitted a cavernous drummy sound. 


+ Drumslade, dromslade. 0és. Also 6 
drombylisclad, drombeslade, dromslet,droum- 
slade, drumslade, -slad, -slate, -sled, -selet, 
-salt, dronscellett, -sselat, -slade, drounslade, 
-slet, drunslade. [app. corruption of Du. or 
LG. tAvesesmce f Ger. trommelschlag drum-beat 
(cf. next); though it does not appear how this name 


DRUNK. 


of the action came to be applied to the instrument. 
The variety of forms (with others, as dronsselar, 
drumsted, which are mere a sm errors) arose 
from the foreign character of the word.] he ee 
1. oe wef oye — of bg : 
4. P. VII1, 1. retinue 
fonseven of thi: comaalee sevommetl poly kb eine 
their dromslades, trompettes, and banerettes. 1530 Patscr. 
215/2 pretenses as almayns use in warre, dedon, 
ope +. Pee in Ellis Oe Lett. Ser. u. id 154 They cons 
the trom; with dronscellettys bowit 
Bg (see Drum sé.' 1]. 1550-63 Mix be 


achyn Diary 

omtiet 13 Trompets and and dronsselats 

(printed -ars) and flutes, ULOET, es oy 

num, 1575 Turserv. Faulconrie 191 To strike 7 i 

Drumselet or Taberde. J.. Havwarp tr. Biondi's 

seek eERE 153 The antique consort of Fifes and 
ms! Ss. . 


2. A drummer; = DrumsLaGer. 

1527 MS. Acc. R. Gil Master of Revels (Publ. Rec. 
Off.,, re the d omy d “ot | 
@ 1533 Lp. Brrners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) liij 
brs ge des gi Sy bh — sor drome 
slai{ 1540 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) xii. 242 Item, 
for Burtill and Hans, dromslades inte iii 1688 
R. Hotme Armoury ut. 44/3 The Musicians .. in the 
Kings Majesties Mook iy [are] 3 Drumslades. 1777 
Hoore Comenius’ Vis. World \ed. 12) 182 The drummers, 
and the drumslades. .call to arms. 

3. Comb., as drumslade-player. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII, 80b, The Drumslad 
— and other minstrels arayed in white. 1552 HuLoet, 

rumslade player, symphoniacus seruus. 

+Drumslager. 0O¢s.  [ad. Ger. drumme- 
schlager, earlier var. of trommelschlager, Du. trom- 
melslager, Da. trommeslager, Sw. trumslagare, 
drum-beater.] A drummer. 

1586 J. Hooker Girald. /rel. in Holinshed IU. 173/2 
There being but one man the drumslager left aliue, who 
by swiftnesse of his bote escaped. . 

‘msler. O¢s. [Corruption of Drum- 
SLAGER or DRUMSLADE.] = DRUMMER. 

1583 J. Hicins tr. Yunius’ Nomenclator (N.), The drum- 
player, or drumsler. 1599 Soliman & Perseda u. in Hazl. 
Dedsley V. 303 Fellow drumsler, I'll reward you well. 

+Drumster. Ols. [f Drum v.+-sTER.] A 


diummer. 
1586 in Stow's Surv. (ed. Strype 1754) IL. v. xxxi. 56/2 


Ensigne and sergeants with a fit Drumster. 1617 
Minsueu Ductor, Drumster, or plaier on the Drum, 
Drumstick (dizmstik). 


1. The stick having a terminal knob or padded 
head with which a drum is beaten. 

1589 Nottingham Rec. 1V. 226 For iiije gunstickes and 
twoe drumme stickes. a@1691 Boyie Wks. III]. 25 The 
drum-stick falling upon the drum makes a of the 
air, and puts that fluid body into an undulating motion. 
1864 Encet Mus. Anc. Nat. 21 yptians had also 
straight drum-sticks with a handle, and a b at the end. 

+ b. Applied to a person. Ods. 

1633 Marmion Fine Companion i. iv, What? I will not 
offend thee, my good drumstick. 

2. transf. (in reference to shape.) a. The lower 
joint of the leg of a dressed fowl. 

a Footr Mayor of G.1. Wks. 3799. 173 She always 
helps me herself to the tough drumsticks of turkies. 1832 
Moore Summer Féte 825 Since Dinner..Put Supper and 
her fowls so white, Legs, wings, and drumsticks, all to 
flight. 1848 Tuacxeray Bk, Snobs xxxii, A finger, as 
knotted as a turkey’s drumstick. 

b. A popular appellation of the Knapweed 
(Centaurea nigra and C. iosa). 

1878-86 in Brirren & Hottanp Plant. 

e. ‘The colloquial name in the Madras Presi- 
dency for the long slender pods of the Moringa 
pterygosperma, the Horse-Radish Tree of Bengal.’ 

d. U.S. The stilt-sandpiper. 

3. Comd., as drumstick-shaped adj. ; also drum- 
stick-tree, Cassia Steberiana, so called from the 
shape of its pods, known in Sierra Leone as 
monkey drumsticks. 

a. Don Dichlamyd. Pl. 1. s.v. Cassia Sieberiana, 
Treas. Bot., Drumstick Tree, Cathartocarpus con- 


Spicua. Fortn. Rev. Jan, 113 All forms of tetanus... 
are due to. .the drumstick- bacillus of Nicolaier. 


(dro ngis). Hest. [ad. late L. drun- 
garius, {. drungus a body of soldiers (Vegetius 
¢420).] The leader or commander of a troop or 
body of soldiers. Drungar of the fleet ( Drungarius 
classis), a Byzantine admiral or commander of the 
fleet. 


1619 T. Mites tr. Mexia's Treas. Anc. & Mod. Times 
whom they had as chi 


r) the great drungaire 
{Drunk Piet \edrtghts) nena 
(drung). [O ne eh j-2), COI ‘ 
OHG., trunch, MHG. trunc, Ger. trunk, t u- 
grade of driyk-an to drink. The w in early ME. 
is #=OE. y. The form drunk may have been 
assimilated to the verb.] = Drink sd. 


mete ne 


nedrunch. cr 
Misc. OF bitter drunig ke sendes 


DRUNK. 


Drunk (dronk), 7/7. a. and sb.2 Also 4-6 
dronk(e. [pa. pple. of Drink v., of which the 
earlier form was DrunkEN. Now, ‘in standard 
Eng., almost exclusively in the predicate; in Sc. 
and north, dial. still a/¢rzd. ‘a drunk man’.] 

1. That has drunk intoxicating liquor to an 
extent which affects steady self-control; intoxicated, 
inebriated ; overcome by alcoholic liquor. The 
degree of inebriation is expressed by various adjs. 
and advs., as deastly, blind, dead, half, etc. 

cx Cursor M, 2021 (Trin.) Drunke [earlier texts 
drunken] he “a & slept bi his one. a@xqso Axt. de la 
Tour (1868) 72 One counsailed to make hym gret chere tyl 
he were dronke. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 591/2 
We ware wanton or sowe dronke. 1585 T. WaAsHINGTON 
tr. Nicholay’s Voy. ui. ii. 9t They doe not thinke they have 
ee eoot cheere..except they be made beastly drunk. 
1648 Gace West Ind. xix. 144 If they can get any drink 
that will make them mad drunk..they never leave off, 
untill they bee mad and raging drunke. 1684 DrypEN 
os gaara Prol. 59 The doughty bullies enter bloody 
drunk, 1830 CartyLe Hor. Rev. § Cont. Misc. V.1'Trodden 
into the kennels as a drunk mortal. 1887 Sims Mary Fane's 
Mem. 45 She was blind drunk in the bar parlour. 

b. In various proverbial phrases and locutions. 

1386 CHaucer Kut.’s T. 403 We faren as he pat dronke 
is asa Mous. A dronke man woot wel bat he hath an hous. 
1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 128 As dronke as a Ratte. 
1562 J. Heywoop Prov. (1867) 23 He that kylth a man, 
whan he is dronke Shalbe hangd when he is sobre. 1622 
Massincer Virg. Mart. m1. iii, Be drunk as a beggar, he 
helps you home. 1669 Drypen Wild Gallant u. i, He had 

mn acquainted with you these seven years drunk and sober. 
1709 Brit. Apollo 11, Supernum. No. 8. 2/2 He’s as Drunk 
asa Wheel-barrow. 1738 Swirt Pol. Convers. iii. Wks. 1778 
X. 247 He came to us as drunk as David's sow. 1832 £. 
Ind. Sketch Bk. 1, 137 The man was as drunk as a fiddler. 
x89r Farmer S/azg IL. 333 Drunk as a lord. 
¢e. Intoxicated or stupefied by opium, tobacco, etc. 
x85 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 11. xi. 91 They 
have another order to make themselves drunk without wine, 
which is with their Opium, 1698 A. Branp md, Muscovy 
to China 46 They..sucking the ‘Tobacco smoak in greedily, 
swallow it down with the Water. For which reason.. 
generally at..the first Pipe in the Morning, they fall down 
drunk and insensible. + 


d. fig. = Intoxicated. 

1340 Ayend. 251 And makeb him dronke of holy loue. 
1602 Marston Axtonio's Rev. i. i. Wks. 1856 1. 117 Most 
things that morally adhere to soules, Wholly exist in drunke 
pemen. 1605 SHaks. JZacé. 1. vii. 35 Was the hope drunke 
Wherein you dress’d your selfe? 1697 Drypen Vg. Georg. 
wv. 77 Drunk with secret Joy, Their young Succession all 
their Cares employ. 1874 Green Short Hist. x. § 4. 799 
Napoleon was drunk with success, 

+2. Of a thing: Drenched; saturated with as 
much moisture as it can take in or receive. Ods. 

a Wycuir Ps. Ixiv. [Ixv.]10 Thou hast visitid the erthe, 
and maad it drunke. 1611 Biste Deut. xxxii. 42, I will 
make mine arrows drunk [CoverDALE dronken] with blood. 
es Dryven Virg. Georg. m1. 479 The Fleece, when drunk 
with Tyrian Juice, Is dearly old 

3. Of a thing: Unsteady, uneven or erratic in its 
course, asthe thread of ascrew; = DRUNKEN f//.a.5. 

1884 F. J. Brirren Watch & Clockm. 170 A sure sign that 
the screw is not true, but ‘drunk’ as it is termed. 


4. Comb., as drunk-blind, -mad adjs.; also 
+ drunk-wort, tobacco (ods.). 

1 sega Ductor, Drunke-woort, or Drunken-woort 
--Tabaco. 1633 Massincer Guardian w. ii, To be drunk- 
blind like moles in the wine-cellar. 1722 De For Col. Pack 
(1840) 147 He had .. made himself ., drunk-mad, 

B. sb. (collog.) 

1. A drinking-bout ; a drunken fit or orgie. 

1862 Times 10 Apr., Both Houses immediately adjourned, 
and made preparations for a ‘general drunk’, 1879 
Howe tts L. Aroostook (1883) 11. 44 When I come out of 
one of my drunks. 1893 Cart. Kina Foes in Ambush 39 
He could put up with an occasional drunk in a man who 
promised to make as good a trooper. 

2. An intoxicated person; a case or charge of 
being drunk or intoxicated. 

1882 Besant AZZ Sorts vii. 61 Such a brave display of 
disorderly drunks. 1889 Boston (Mass.) ¥rv/. 26 Apr. 1/6 
To show the very large * askronage of drunks among the 
commitments. 189r R. Kirtinc City tbeng Nt. 30 The 
burly president of the lock-up for European drunks. 

Hence + Drusnkhead = DRUNKENNESS, Dru'nki- 
fy v., to make drunk or intoxicated. Dru'nkish, 
Dru‘nky (da/.) adjs., somewhat drunk. +Dru'nk- 
some a., addicted to drunkenness. 

7340 Ayenb. 260 Ne y-charged of glotounie ne of dronke- 
hede. ¢1400 Afo/. Loll. 37 Drunksum men, rauenors, for- 
nicaters, & swilk ober. 1664 J. Witson A. Comnenius 1. 
iv, Have ye any more that must be drunkified? 1710 /a- 
natick Feast 11 The Company having hme dipt their 
Bills, and got pretty’drunkish. 1858 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. 
(1865) IL. v. i. 58 Drinks diligently..not till he is drunk, but 
only perceptibly drunkish. 1863 Zyneside Songs 63 The 
Fishermen then gat drunkey, O 

+ Drunk, v. Ods. [f. drunk pa. pple. of Drink 
v.: cf. DRUNKEN v.!] 

1. trans. To drown. Cf. DRUNKEN 2,! 2. 

1350 Will. Palerne 3516 Hire sone was in be see dronked. 

2. To saturate or fill with drink, to drench, to 
make drunken. Cf. DRUNKEN v.! 3. 

1382 Wycuir /sa. xliii. 24 With the tal3 of thi victorie 
sacrifises thou inwardly drunkedest not me [1388 thou fillidist 
not me, Vulg. on inebriasti me). — Ecclus. xxxii. 17 
Blisse thou the Lord, that made thee, and inwardli drunk- 


691 


inge thee of alle his goodis. — xxxix. 28 The vnyuersel flod 
drunkede [1388 fillide greteli, Vulg. zxedriavit] the erthe. 

Dennard (drynkard). Also 6 droncarde, 
-kerd(e, dronckharde. [f. DRuNK Af/. a. + -ARD.] 

1. One addicted to drinking ; one who habitually 
drinks to excess ; an inebriate, a sot. 

1530 Parscr. 155 Vuroygue, a man droncarde ; yuresse, a 
woman droncarde. 1535 Coverpae Ps. Ixviiili]. 12 The 
dronckhardes made songes vpon me. c 1586 C’rEss Pem- 
BROKE /s. cv. x, As drunckards..they staggring reele. 
1712 STEELE Sfect, No, 276” 1 A Man that is now and then 

uilty of Intemperance is not to be called a Drunkard. 1875 
Towers Plato (ed, 2) V. 35 A drunkard in charge of drunk- 
ards would be singularly fortunate if he avoided doing a 
serious mischief. 

2. A local name of the Marsh Marigold. 

1886 in Britten & Hottanp Plant-n. App. 1894 Bar- 
1nG-Goutp Kitty Alone 1. 118 The large golden cups that 
grow by the water’s edge—these we call drunkards, but they 
drink only water. 

3. Comb., as drunkard-curer, -curing; also 
drunkard’s cloak, a tub or barrel with holes for 
the head and hands fitted on a drunkard like 
a jacket, as a punishment. 

1789 Brann Hist. Newcastle 11. 192 note, In the time of 
the commonwealth, it appears that the magistrates. .pun- 
ished .. drunkards by making them carry a tub, called the 
drunkard’s cloak, through the streets. 1892 Daily News 
22 June 5/5 There are several rival drunkard curers in the 
field. 1892 Boston (Mass.) Frnd. 18 Nov. 7/4 The new 
drunkard-curing institution. : 

Hence + Drwnkardize v. 77/7., to act like a 
drunkard. 

1632 Vicars 4neid (N.), Her deaded heart incens’d, she 
raves aloud, Doth madly through the citie drunkardize. 

+ Drunkelec, droncelec. 00s. rare. [f. 
Drunkx(n ffl. a. + ON. suffix -deck-7 action, func- 
tion.] | Drunkenness. 

¢ 1450 Myrc 31 Dronkelec [z.7. dronkelewe] and glotonye, 
Pruyde and sloube and enuye Alle pow moste putten away. 

Dru'nkelew, dru‘nklew, 2. (5/.) és. 
Forms: 4 drunkenlew, 4-6 drunkelew(e, 4-5 
dronkelew(e, -leuh, 5 -lowe; 5 drunk-, dronk- 
lew, 6 dronkleu. [f. DkuNKEN + -LEWE: cf. 
ME. costlewe and sik/ewe.] 

A. adj. Given to drunkenness, drunken. 

1362 Lanci. ?. Pé. A. 1x. 75 Ho..is not dronkeleuh ne 
deynous Dowel him folewer [4. dronkenlew, dronkelew ; 
C. dronkelewe]. 1382 Wycuir A/at?t. xxiv. 49 3if he ete and 
drynke with drunkenlewe [1388 drunken] men. — Lcclus. 
xxvi. rr Adrunkelew womman. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. 
R. v. ii. (1495) 104 Also heedache comyth..as it happyth in 
dronklew men. c1450 Bk. Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. I. 298 
Loke that thu be not dronkelowe. 1579 Horman Vudlg. 62 
The foule dishoneste of them that be dronkleu. 1532 More 
Confut. Vindale Wks. 824/2 If he. .be..dronkelew, or raue- 
nous, wyth suche folke doe not so muche as eate, 

B. sé. Drunkenness. 

¢1430 Lypc. Mix. Poems (Percy Soc.) 68 Voyde al drunk- 
lew. cx14s0 [see Drunketrc]. 1496 Bk. St, Albans, Her. 
(1810) Fiv, To be full of drynkynge & dronklewe. 

Hence + Dru*nkelewness, drunkenness. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 173 Pey wonepb hem to 
dronkelewnesse. 1480 Caxton Descr. Srit, 338 For as moche 
as they vse them to dronkelewnes. 

+ Drunken, s/. Ods. [OE. druncen sb., f. 
druncen pa. pple.) Drunkenness, intoxication, 

cgso Lindis/, Gosp. Luke xxi. 34 Ne sie ahefizad hearto 
iuero on oferfyllo & mid druuncen [Rushzw. druncennisse]. 
a1000 lmposition of Penance in Thorpe Laws Il. 276 
(Bosw.) Gif hit burh druncen gewurpe. a@x200 Moral Ode 
253 Pe luueden tening and stale, hordom and drunken. 

nken (drvnkén), #/. a. Also Sc. 6 drokin, 
7- druken, drucken. [pa. pple. of Drink v.: 
ef. Drunk. The Sc.and northern dracken is from 
Norse: cf. Icel. pa. pple. drukkinn.] 

1. Overcome by liquor; intoxicated; = Drunx. 

a 1050 Liber Scintill, xxviii. (1889) 107 Ealswa se druncena 
[ebriosus] win onfehd unhold. c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 871 He 
woren drunken and slepi. @1300 Cursor M. 27894 Pe 
drunken semes in his misfare Noght lik pe man pat he was 
are. ¢1386 Cnaucer Wife's Prol. 852 Ye fare as folkes 
that dronken ben of ale. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3642 
Some. .saide thai ware dronken and fulle of must hardily. 
1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. 11. 630 How King Duncane send 
the Wyne and Aill browin with mukil Wort to King Sueno, 
quhairwith thai war all drokin. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. 
vi. 23 They .. seiz’d with youthful Arms the drunken God. 
c1850 Arad, Nis. (Rtldg.) 494 Drunken people are never 
seen making disturbances in open day. 1855 RAWLINSON 
Anc. Mon. II, iv. 95 Who drink till they are drunken. 

b. In proverbs and locutions. 

13.. E. £. Allit, P. B. 1500 [He] bibbes per-of Tyl he be 
dronkken as the deuel. 1562 Pitkincton Wks. (Parker 
Soc.) 51 ‘A drunken man is always dry’, according to the 
proverb. 1619 R. Harris Drunkara’s Cup 13 A drunken 
man neuer takes harme. 1887 Scotsman 19 Mar., The 
drucken man gets the drucken penny. 

ec. transf. and fig. 

@ 1340 Hamrote Psalter xxxv. 9 Pan sall bai all be drun- 
kyn in god pat wonys in godis hows. 1382 Wycuir /sa. 
xxix. 9 Be 3e drunken inwardli, and not of wyn. 1526 Pilger. 
Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 291 Inebryate or dronken with heuenly 
ioye. 1578 Timme Caluine on Gen. 313 Dronken with the 
flatteries of prosperity. 1856 Kane Avct. E-xfi. I. xvi. 196 
We were so drunken with cold that we strode on steadily. 

2. Given to drink ; habitually intemperate. (The 
more common current sense.) 

1548 Hat Chroz., Hen. VIT, 26b, Could neither have 
money nor men of the dronken Fleminges. 1610 Suaks. 
Temp. v. i. 277 Is not this Stephano, my drunken Butler? 


DRUNKENLY. ~ 


1769 Funius Lett. iii. 18 You .. represent your friend tn 
the character of a drunken landlord. 1786 Burns Lines 
on meeting w. Ld. Daer ii, \’'ve been at druken writers’ 
feasts. 1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa 1. 163 
Drunken, lazy, good-for-nothing fellows. 

3. Of actions, etc.: Characterized by or pro- 
ceeding from intoxication. 

1591 Percivaty Sf. Dict., Bevida, drink, a potion, a drunken 
match. 1594 PLat ¥ewell-ho. 1. 44 Dutch & drunken de- 
uises, about the gaining of the grounde. 1632 Massincer 
Maid of Hon.1. i, To take up a drunken brawl. 1752 Joun- 
son Rambler No. 189 ? 6 Men who .. destroy in a drunken 
frolick the happiness of families. 1842 ‘'ENNysSoN Locksley 
Hall8x Pointing to his drunken sleep. 

b. Of or pertaining to drink or drunkenness. 

1607 Witkins /xforced Marr. v. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 
556 You in riot’s house, A drunken tavern, spilled my main- 
tenance. 1791 Burke 7h. yr. Affairs Wks. VIL. 76 The 
delirium of a low, drunken alehouse club. 

ce. That causes drunkenness. See 6b. 

4. transf. Soaked or saturated with moisture; 


1786 [implied in DruNkENNeEss c.]. 1870 Eng. AJech. 11 Feb. 
526/2 ‘here are no abrupt breaks to form what would be 


called by a screw chaser ‘a drunken thread’, 1876 J. Rosi 
Pract, Machinist (1885) 106 If the tool is moved irregularly 
or becomes checked in its forward movement, the thread 
will become drunken, that is, it will not move forward ata 
uniform speed. 1889 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. U1. 69 You 
have now. .no excuse for drunken architecture, 

6. Comb. as drunkenmost adj., most drunken, 
drunkenest. 

1854 H. Vicars in Miss Marsh Afem. vii. 143 Four hun- 
dred of the drunkenmost and wildest men in the regiment. 

b. esp. in names of intoxicating plants, or of 
such as suggest drunkenness: drunken date, 
the betel-nut tree; drunken plant, drunken 
rye-grass, darmel grass, Lolium temulentum ; 
+ drunken-wort, tobacco (Minsheu Lzctor 1617). 

1597 GERARDE //erbal m1. cxxxix. (1633) 1520 Areca sive 
Fausel, the drunken date tree. 1611 Cotcr., No/setle des Indes, 
thedrunken Date. 1891 Grirritn tr. Houard’s Christ Son 
of God I. 304 note, Livraie, drunken rye-grass. 

+ Drwnken, v.! O/s. Forms: 1 druncnian, 
2-3 druncnen, druncnie (O7.) drunnenenn, 4 
drunken, -yn, drunkne, dronken, -in, drown- 
kyn. [ONorthumb. druncnia, ON. drukna 
(:—*druykna) to be drowned = Goth, *druggknan, 
a neuter-passive vb. in -saz derived from pa. pple. 
*druyk-an- of *driyk-an to drink : lit. to be drunk 
or swallowed up (by water). Cf. Ger. ertrenken 
to swallow up, drown.] 

1. gntr. To become swallowed up or sunk in 
water ; to suffer drowning, be drowned. 

cso Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiv. 30 Mid dy ongann druncnia 
[Rushw, in-gon sincan, Ags. G. weard gedofen) cliopade 
cued drihten hal mec doa. a1225 St. Marher. 15 Ich leade 
ham. .into se deop dung pt ha druncned perin. a 1225 Ancr. 
R. 58 Leste eni best ualle ber inne, & druncnie ine sunne. 
a@1300 Cursor M. 24862 Quen pe scip suld quelm and 
drunken [v.7 dronkin]. ¢1325 Mefr. Hom. 138 In se 
dronkenes folc ful fele. i 

2. trans. To swallow up in water; to drown. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom, 39 Pe swin urnen..into be sz, and 
druncnede hem seluen. — ¢ 1200 ORMIN 6795 All follc wass 
purrh Nobess flodd O Nobess time drunncnedd. a1340 
Hampote Psalter Cant. 504 Hys chosen prynces ere 
drunkynd in be rede see. . a 

3. To drench, saturate or soak with liquid. 

a1300 E. E. Psalter \xiv. [lxv.] 10 Pou soght pe land, and 
irontened it yhite. a@1340 Hamroce Psadter Ixviiili]. 3 Pe 
storme me drownkynd. 1382 Wycur /sa. xvi. 9, I shal 
drunkne thee with my tere. /d7d. lv. 10 What maner 
cometh doun weder and sno3 fro heuene, and. .drunkneth 
[1388 fillith, Vulg. zzedriat]the erthe. 
is: 1382 Wyciir ¥en. xxxi. 14 Y shal inwardly drunkne 
the soule of the prestus with fatnesse. ; 

+ Drunken, v.2 Ols. [OE. druncnian, f. 
druncen DRUNKEN : in later use perh. a new forma- 
tion.] zztr. To drink to excess, to become drunk. 

c 1000 Eirric Hom, (Th.) 11.70 ponne Ba gebeoras drunc- 
niad. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz’ Surg. 11. iii. 55 Ifa Patient..fall on 

ourmandizing and drunkning, then no good is to be looked 
for. 1693 SOUTHERNE Maia’s Last Prayer 56 The Captain 
has been Drankning with my Lord all Night. 1697 Vzew of 
Penal Laws 3 Notorious Offenders, such as continue 
drunkening at late and unseasonable hours. 

+ Drunkenhead. Ods. [f. Drunken J//. a. 
+-HEAD.] = DRUNKENNESS. : 

@1300 Cursor M. 28459 And hafe i oft in my sott-hedd® 
dryuen ober men to drunkenhedd. 1382 Wyciir Fudith 
xiii. 19 He lai in his drunkinhed. 1393 GowER Conf. 111. 
20 Through her dronkenhede Of witles excitation. 1483 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 82 b/2. ? 

Drunkenlew: see DRUNKELEW. 


Dru‘nkenly, adv. [f. Drunken fi. a. + 

-Ly 2.) In a drunken manner. 

15) Baret Alv. D 1312 Dronkenly. 1593 Suaks. 

Rich. I, u. i. 127 That blood already. .Thou hast tapt out, 

and drunkenly carows'd. 1598 Haxtuyt Voy. I. 96 (R.) 

They carowse for the victory very filthily “ al 
2 


2: 


DRUNKENNESS, 


1854 Cot. Wiseman Fabiola 210 The Dacian's eye flashed 
drunkenly again. 1866 Geo. Euior F. Holt IL. xxix. 218 
Tottering drunkenly on the edge of the grave. 


Drunkenness (drvykénjnés), [f. Drunken 
ppl. a.+-ness. Sce also Drunkness.] The state 
of being drunk ; intoxication; the habit of being 
drunken or addicted to excessive drinking. 

¢893 K. AErrep Ores. 1. vi. § 1 Hi forneah mid ealle for- 
dyde..mid druncennysse. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxi. 34 
On ofer-fylle and on druncennesse (Hatton G. druncenesse}. 
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Pe fule floddri of drunkennesse. 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 27897 Schortly al iuels pat es Riueli be- 
cums of drunkenness (v.77. drunkynnes, pig aga 1398 
Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. ix. (1495) 557 The purpur red 
amatistus..helpyth ayenst dronkennesse. 1555 EDEN De- 
cades 101 His noble men in their droonkennesse had so 
abused their toonges. 1674 R. Goprrey /nj. § Ab. Physic 
71 We having drunk pretty high though not to drunken- 
ness. 1789 Biseaaad Princ. Legist, xix. § 15 With what 
chance of success for example would a legislator go about, 
to extirpate drunkenness..by ‘dint of legal unishment ? 

1 Napueys Prev. & Cure Dis. u. vii. 602 Drunkenness 
is frequently a disease. z ae 
b. fig. Intoxication of the mind or spirit. 

1200 ORMIN 14333 To 3ifenn mannkinn. .gastliz drunken- 
nesse. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 This in- 
ebriacyon or heuenly dronkennesse of the spiryte. 1855 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V.733 Inthe drunkenness of factious 
animosity. 1873 Hamerton /ntedl. Life u. i. (1875) 45 A 
divine drunkenness was given to them. 

ce. Unsteadiness of the thread of a screw. 

1785 Phil. Trans. LXXVI. 21 To free the screw from 
what workmen call drunkenness. /d7d., Otherwise the 
curved screw would be subject to. .drunkenness. 


+Drunkenship. 0és. [f. as prec. + -SHIP. 
See also DrunksuiP.] = DRUNKENNESS. 

c1440 Gesta Rom. \i. 371 (Add. MS.) They drawe to 
lecherye, and dronkynship. 1474 Caxton Chesse 68 Dronk- 
enshyp is the begynnyng of alle euylles. 1542 Boorpe 
Dyetary xxi. (1870) 284 Quinces. .dothe preserue a man from 
dronkenshyppe. 1§55 in Strype Ecc?. Mem. 111. App. xlii. 
113 How agreeth Christe with Belyall or dronkenshippe? 


+ Dru:nkensome, «@. 0és. exc. dial. [f. as 
prec. +-SoME,] Addicted to drunkenness. 

ar Cursor M. 26188 Brath, and drunkensum, and 
skald. 1400 Afol. Lolt.54 Drunkunsum men, vsurers, and 
who euer is contrari to be doctrin, and to be word of God, 
he is anticrist. 1567 Stat. Trin. Coll. Edin. 249 in W. Mait- 
land Hist. Edin, 11. (1753) 211 Gif ony of the Beidmen be 
drunkinsome., 1825 JAMIESON, Druckensum. 

+ Drunker. Ods. Also -kar. 
Ppl. a. +-ER!.) =DRunkarn., 

1538 Starkey England u. i. 171 Al craftys men in cytys 
and townys wych are drunkerys..schold be..punnyschyd. 
1539 TAvERNER Erasm. Prov. (1552) 62 Oure common pro- 

erbe..Children, drunkers and fooles, can not lye. 1 
Row anps //umors Looking Glasse 21 Two honest Drunkars 
must goe drinke a pot. 

Drunkery (drvnkeri). [f. Drunk ffl. a.: 
see -ERY.] A place to get drunk in; a contemptuous 
appellation of a public-house or drink-shop. 

1836 J. Livesey Malt Liquor Lect. in Pearce Life (1887), 
While about every twentieth house is metamorphosed into 
adrunkery. 1869 Daily News 29 June, He thought it was 
offensive to set " a drunkery in the middle of a public park. 

? 


[f. Drunk 


Drunkhead, dr , drunkish: see after 
Drunk ffi. a. 
Drunklew: see DRUNKELEW. 


+ Dru'nkness. (és. Also 2-5 drunkenesse. 
[Early ME. druncenesse, for druncennesse: the € 
of the second syllable becoming at length mute.] 
= DRUNKENNESS, 

c1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke xxi. 34 Mid druncenesse. ¢ 1175 
Lamb. Hom. 33 3e nulled forleten .. 3ifernesse and drunc- 
nesse. CY Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 748 Dronkenesse 
that is the horrible sepulture of mannes reson. 1530 
Rastett Bk. Purgat. u. xvi, Over come by sykenes or by 
dronknes. 1655 H. Vaucuan Silex Scint., Check iv. (1858) 
85 He bids beware of drunknes, surfeits, care. 170x De For 
True-born Eng. ut. 100 Drunk’ness has been the Darling of 
the Realm, E’er since a Drunken Pilot had the Helm. 

‘nkship. 0Oés. Also 4-5 drunke-, 
dronke-. [f. Drunk //. a.+-sHIP; or shortened 
as prec. from drunkenship.] =DRUNKENNESS. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 132 Upon his drunkeship They 
1 him with cheines faste. 1474 Caxton Chesse 11. vi, 
H ivb, Ful of glotonye and dronkship. ¢ 1§30 /o/. Rel. § L. 
Poems 32 Drunkeshippe doyth ryght nought evynly. 

b. A drunken company. 

1486 Bk, St, Albans ¥ vij, A Dronkship of Coblers. 

Drunksome, drunky: see after Drunk /f/. a. 

Drup, obs, form of Droop, 

Drupaceous (drupéafas), a. Bot. [f, mod.L. 
driipa: see next and -ackous.] Of the nature of 
a drupe, or characterized by bearing drupes; belong- 
ing to the Drupacew, a subdivision of the Xosacex 
bearing stone-fruits, 

1822 Goon Study Med. v1, iii. TV.687 In drupaceous fruits. 
3830 Liyoiey Nat. Syst. Bot. 74 Fruit 1-seeded, hard and 
dry, and drypaceous, 1835 — /ntrod. Bot. 8) I. 16 
The Peach and other drupaceous plants. 1866 7reas. Bot. 4 
54/2 The drupaceous subdivision of the rose family, 

‘Dru. > (dr#p). Bot. [ad. mod. Bot.L. driipa, a 
stone-fruit, L. driipa, druppa (sc. pliva) over-ripe, 
wrinkled olive =Gr. Spina in same sense; cf. F. 
drupe (1798 in Hatz.-Darm.).] A stone-fruit; a 
fleshy or pulpy fruit enclosing a stone or nut 
having a kernel, as the olive, plum, and cherry. 

1753 Cuambers Cyci. Sufp., Drupe, among botanists, a 


692 


species of pericarpium, consisting of a soft, fleshy, and suc- 
culent pulp, in the center of which there isa eus, 179% 
W. Bartram Carolina 41 From the bosom of each leaf —_ 
duced a single oval drupe. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 


IL. 469 Jasminez .. Their fruit is a capsule, a drupe or a 


berry. cx Warrier Lay Old Time 2 Sighing o'er his 
bitter fruit For Eden’s drupes of gold. 1870 Bentiey Bot. 
i one or 2 seeded, 


The Dru uperior, 1 
Rodchiscent fruit, haveg a Sue ar wales sarcocarp. 
Drupel (drzpél). Bot. [ad. mod.L. drupelia, 
dim. ot driifa Drvure.] A little drupe: such as 
those of which a blackberry is composed. 
Henstow Princ. Bot, 108 The numerous small drupes, 
or ‘drupels’ of the raspberry, and other Rubi. 1870 BentLey 
rt 1872 Otiver Elem. Bot. 1. vii. 96 The fruit of the 


1880 Gray's Struct. Bot. vii. § 2. 297 The several Ee 
‘imi- 


Drupeole (dri‘p7\ol). Bot. [f. L. type *drit- 
peola, irregularly formed dim. of driipa: cf. mod. 
F. drupéole, drupole.) =prec. 

1866 7 reas. Bot., Drupeole, a little drupe. 

Drupi-ferous, ¢. rare. [f. mod.L. driifa+ 
-FEROUS: in F. drupifere.] _Drupe-bearing. 

1775 Romans //ist. Florida 85 Wild plants chiefly of the 
Drupiferous and Bacciferous kind. 

Drupose (dri-pas). Chem. [f. DRUPE +-osE, 
forming names of carbo-hydrates, as glucose, dex- 
trose.] (See quot.) 

1872 Watts Dict. Chem. V1. 547 Drupose, Ci2H» Os, a 
substance produced together with glucose, by the action of 
boiling moderately diluted hydrochloric acid on glycodru- 
pose, the stony concretions found in pears .. It is a greyish- 
red body, similar in structure and physical properties to 
glycodrupose. 

Druri, -y, obs. forms of Dreary a. 

Drurie, var. of DrowklE, Sc. f. DowRy. 

, var. of DruEeRy Obs. 

Druse! (driiz). Min. [a.G. druse = Boh. druza 
in same sense.] a. A crust of small crystals 
lining the sides of a cavityina rock. b. A cavity 
of this description. 

(1753 Cuamners Cycl, Supf., Drusa,..a name given by 
some of the Saxon miners to the common pyrites, and by 
others to some peculiar kinds of it.] 181z Pinkerton Pefrad. 
II. 576 A hard concreted stony crust, called druse, adhering 
to the inside of the cavity. 1839 Murcnison Silur. Syst. 1. 
xx. 260 Veins and druses lined with crystals of quartz. 
a 1852 Macaitiivray Nat. Hist. Dee Side (1855) 454 Good 
crystals occasionally one inch broad are found in druses of 
the Granite on Bennachiche. 

Druse 2, druze (driz), sb. (a.) [ad. Arab. 
jy Duriiz, a form of plural used for names of 
nations: see note below.] One of a political and 
religious sect of Mohammedan pa he inhabiting the 
region round Mount Lebanon in Syria. 

Believed to derive their name from /smail al-Darazi 
(i.e. the tailor), who, in A.D. 1040, supported the claims of 
the 6th Fatimite Caliph, Hakim Biamrillahi, to be a divine 
incarnation, and introduced this belief to the Lebanon. 

1786 tr. K fin (title) A historical Memoir crmcnrning Ss 
Drusis, a people inhabiting Mount Lebanon; a Catechism 
{etc.], translated from Drusean MSS, 1798 Sornesy tr. 
Wielana’s Oberon (1826) I. 125 Sithence our Drusi prince is 
loathsome grown. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 160/1 The emir of 
the Druses is tributary to the pachalik of Acre, on condition 
that no Turk shall reside within his territories. 1895 W. 
Waicut Palmyra & Zenobia xxv. 298 The thick stumpy 
Druze women. 

Hence Dru‘sedom, the system of the Druses, 
Also Dru‘sian, -ean, 5s). (obs.) and a. 

x60r R. Jounson Kingd. & Commw, (1603) 553 Sydon, 
now the strong receptacle of the stiffe-necked Drusians. 
1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage (1614) 87 A Drusian Lord, kept 
himselfe out of his hands. 1786 [see above]. 1877 Encycé. 
Brit. VU. 484/1 The full exposition of the Drusian creed 
+. would “ya a volume of considerable size. 1890 Blackw, 
Mag. CXLVIII. 750/2 A convert from Drusedom, /bid. 
762/2 The dogmas of esoteric Drusedom. 


Dru'siform, ¢. rare. [f. Druse! + -rorM.] 
Having the form of druse. 


DRY, 


Druxy (drvksi), a. Also 6 dricksie. [formerly 
dricksie, f£, DRIX + -Y.] Of timber: Having decayed 
spots concealed by healthy wood. 

1589 Puttennam Eng. Poesie 11. xix. (Arb.) 252 We liken 
.. an old man who lab h with i i ities, to 
a drie and dricksie oke. 1712 W. SuTHERLAND Shipbuilder's 
Assist. 160 Druxy Plank or Timber decayed and spungy. 
18.. Lloyds’ Reg. in Dana Seamen's Friend (1856) 7 the 
inside planking to be. .free from all foxy, druxy, or 

¢ 1850 Kudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 Druxey, a state 
of decay in timber with white veins, the most 
tive of any defect. 1875 Lanne Taater§ Timber Trees 
36 Producing. .what is technically termed a ‘ druxy knot’, 

Druye, druy3e, obs. forms of Dry. 

Drw, obs, form of drew, pa. t. of DRAW v. 

Drwry, var. Drvekry ; rare obs. f. DREARY a. 

Dry (drei), a. (adv.) Forms: 1 dryze, drize, 
2-4 drize, drei(e, 3 druie, (Orm.) driz3e, 3-4 
druye, drue, 3-7 drie, 4 dry3e, druije, 3e, 
draye, dreze, drey(e, dri, 4-7 drye, 6 drygh, 
drigh, 4- dry. [OE. dryge (:—*drigi-) in ablaut 
relation with MDu. dréghe, draghe, Du. droog, 
MLG., LG. drég(e, droge, dreuge (:—*draugt-), f. 
OTent. ablaut-series *dreug-, draug-, drug- to 
be dry, whence also OE. drigian to dry, drizad 
Drovent, and (with formative suffix) OHG, éro- 
chan, Ger. trocken ary.] 

I. As a physical quality. 

1. Destitute of or free from moisture; not wet 
or moist; arid; of the eyes, free from tears. 

c 1000 Ags. Gos. Matt. xii. 43 He gad geond drize stowa 
[Lindisf. G. dryia, Rushw. G. dryze, Hatton G. dreze 
stowa]. a1x75 Cott. Hom. 227 He hi ledde ofer sé mid 
dreie fote. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 87 God hom ledde ofer ba 
rede se, mid druje fotan. ape ogy 240 Ase pe desert 
is hard and draye. 1374 Cuaucer Anel. § Arc. 336 Ne 
never mo myne eyen two bee drye. c1g00 Lan/franc’s 
Cirurg. 125 Pei leien a dreie cloop vndir. 1440 Promp. 
Parv. 132/1 Dry fro moysture, siccus. 1529 RasteLt Pas- 
tyme, Hist. Brit. (1811) 155 Men [went] over a fote drye. 
a 1562 G. Cavenvisn Wolsey (1893) 243 Among whome was 
not oon drie eye. 1598 R. Bernarp tr. Terence (1607) 226 
As dry as a kixe [=kex]. 1670 Narporoucn Frnd. in Acc. 
Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 52 The Air rather — and dryer. 
1697 DryvEen Virg. Georg. Vv. 542 Rub his Temples, with 
fine Towels, dry. 1799 Med. Yrnd. 1. 299 Atmospheric air in 
the driest possible state. 1806-7 J, Hexesroto Miseries 
Hum, Life (1826) u. xviii, Till every blade is as dry as a bone. 
91834 Orange Song (in Hansard Ser. 1. XXXII. 717), Then 
put your trust in God, my boys, And keep your ada dry! 

+b. In mediaeval physiology: One of the funda- { 
mental qualities of elements, humours, planets, etc. ; 
opp. to motst. (See CoLpD a. 6.) Ods. E 
¢ 888 K. AELrrev Boeth. xxxiii. § 4 Sie eorp is dryze and 
ceald. cx10go Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia V 1. 
Eorde ys ceald and drigze. a1300 Cursor M. 3563 His 
blode ban wexus dri and cald. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 

10 Pe qualitees. . ben foure : hoot, coold, moist and drie. 1 
Lyre Dodoens 11. lxxviii. 426 Aconit is hoate and drie in 
the fourth degree. 162x Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. m1. xv. 
(1651) 128 Saturn and Mercery, the Patrons of Lo 
are both dry Planets. 1819 J. Witson Compl. Dict. Ast: 

3 Noi, melancholy ., and all diseases proceeding from 
a dry habit. 

ce. Of aseason or climate: Free from or deficient 
in rain; having scanty rainfall; not rainy. ‘ 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 531 Thulke was that somer so j 
druye & so hot. ageo-as DUNBAR Thistle & Rose 70 Dame 
Nature .. bad eik Juno ..'That scho the hevin suld keip 
amene and dry. 13 Purcnas Pilgrimage peas Mise 
are multiplied in drie seasons. Bacon Nat. ist. § 807 
A Drie March, and a Drie May, portend a Wholesome 
Summer, if there be a Showring April betweene. @1715 
Burnet Own 7ime (1766) 1. 322 Summer had been the 
driest that was known of some-years, Mod, Arable land 
that does fairly well in a dry year. 

2. That has given up or [ost its natural or ord 
moisture; dried, desiccated, parched, wi 
Now arch. or sunk in a) I. 

c Lindisf, Gosp. Luke xxiii. 31 Fordon gif in 
tree Bas doad, in al i hued onlieat (Rus) a 
Ags. G. on pam drigean,) a@ 122g Ancr. R. 276 Ofte pik 
sprintles winberien? a@ 1300 Cursor M. 20747 His 
arms war al clungen dri [v. 77. drei, aryy, r REVISA 
Barth. De P. R.xvu. xxxvii. (1495) 625 Yf olde men ete 
ofte drye fygges. ¢ 1450 S#. Cust. (Surtees) 3523 When my 
mouthe was dry for thrist. N. HEFIELD tr. 


1787. tr, Henchel's Pyritol, 361 Drusiform 
crystal. 

Drust, obs. form of durst, pa. t. of Dare v.1 

Brusy (dr#‘zi), a. [f. Druse! + -y.] Covered 
or lined with a crust of minute crystals. 

1794 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 31 A surface on which 
very minute crystals abound is called drew. 1841 ‘TRIMMER 
Pract. Geol. 83, 1869 Puittirs Vesur, xi. 5 
cavities—drusy or lined with crystals. 12879 uTLEY Study 
Rocks x. 135 The botryoidal or mammil forms of hema- 
tite. .line drusy cavities. 

ye, obs. form of Drowsy, 

+ Drut. Oss. In 3 druB, 5 druit. [a. OF. 
drud, drut, dru friend, lover: see DRUERY.] 

Darling, love, friend. 

a1249 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 269 Thesu swete ihesu mi 
drud mi derling. @ 1400-50 Alexander 5123, I drysse 30W 
here a diademe joure druits to were. 

The OF. word, orig. adj., = It. drudo, late L. drudus 
(Capitulary of Charles the Bald), is app. of origin; 
bry of to OHG. ¢rut (in Otfrid drut, drud), Ger. traut 
dear, beloved ; see Kluge and Diez.) 

Druvy : see Drovy. Druwery, var, Daurry. 


Occasional 


Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. xxiv. 61 Greate store of drie 
Cinamon. Lend. Gas. No. 1232/1, 3 Fi 
laden with dry Fish from Newfoundland. 1756 C. Lucas 


bat iar ost istunctly. P 
. Said of a body of water, or of moisture on 


HAUCER Kxt.'s 7’.2166 The brode Ryuer —— 
Sunne, it 


We sawa 
quadrangled dry Pond. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. v. 95 Some 

certain of the year. 
Warts Hymn * Come, we that love the Lord’ x, Then 


let 
tear be dry. 21799 in J. W: | 
‘ar (830) i SP Bates the 
sweat was dry on his brow. PLS 
3. Of persons: Wanting or desirous of drink; 
thirsty. Cf. A-pry. (Now only in vulgar use.) — 
b. ¢ransf. Of things or conditions: Causing thirst. 
ne Hoccuase Le Mole ae thirsty hete of — 
ertes crie, at Hazl. 
To eat when I°will, and drink when I am dry. 


DRY. 


Coxaine Obstinate Lady w. iii, Boy. 1 am very dry with 
singing and dancing. ¥ag. Follow me to the wine cellar! 
1738 Westey Hymn, ‘Of Him who did Salvation bring’ 
vill, I drink, and yet am ever dry. 1807 Pike Sources 
AMississ. (1810) II. 182, I returned hungry, weary and dry, 
and had only snow to supply the calls of nature. 1890 
Beeton’s Christm. Ann. 17 Come in, you look dry; let's 
have a wet. JZod. Better have a pint; it’s dry work. 

Jig. 1610 Suaks, Temp. 1. ii. 112 So drie he was for 


way. Tp Peles 

4. Not yielding water (or other liquid) ; exhausted 
of its supply of liquid. 

a@1300 Cursor M. 310 (Gott.) He es welle pat neuer is 
drey. 1576 FLeminc Panopi. Efist. 378 It would .. drawe 
the veyne of mine invention drie. 1642 Futter Holy « 
Prof. St. Ww. xiii. 304 It must be a dry flower. .out of which 
this bee sucks no honey. 1874 J. T. MickLETHWAITE 
Modern Par. Churches 160 A dry inkstand. 1883 Century 
Mag. July 323/1 Wasting large sums of money on ‘dry holes’ 
(unproductive oil-wells}. Zod. Our own well never runs dry. 

. spec. Of cows, sheep, etc.: Not yielding milk. 
©1440 Yacob’s Well (E. E. T. S.) 37 3if pou paye tythe for 
leyse to pi mylche beestys, & no3t of pi drye beestys. 152: 
Firzners. Huséb. § 39 The dammes wil waxe drye, an 
wayne theyr lambes theym selfe. 1658 W. Burton /tin. 
Anton. 187 (L.) At home their allowance .. was no more 
than three milch cowes; and in case any of them became 
dry, the parishioners supplied them again. 1789 Trans. Soc. 
Arts (ed. 2) II. roo What we term dry sheep (viz. wethers, 
barren ewes, &c.). 1890 Daily News 8 Dec. 26/5 Twenty 
thousand breeding ewes ..the remainder being what are 
called ‘ dry sheep’. ; 

5. Not under, in, or on water; not submerged 
(see also Dry LAND); + inland (quot. 1599); drawn 
or cast up on shore, as a boat or a fish. 

¢ 1200 Ormin 14862 Swa batt te33 0 be dri33e grund Wel 
se3zhenn openn we33e. @1300 Cursor M. 381 Drightin.. 
bad a dri sted suld be. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 220 Came 
none of hem to londe drey. c1460 Yowneley Myst. 2 
‘That at is dry the erth shalle be, he waters also I calle 
the see. 1599 Haxtuyr Voy. II. 268 Aleppo..is the 
greatest place of traffique for a dry towne that is in all 
these parts. 1699 Dampier Moy. II. 11. 93 The Head of his 
Ketch was dry, and at the Stern, there was above 4 Foot 
Water. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 195 note, In dry work 
the difference of hardness. .is less apparent. 1798 R. Dopp 
Port Lond. 5 Further dry arches on each shore. 1816 
Keatince 7vav. (1817) Il. 55 The tide leaves them dry. 

6. Of bread (or toast): Without butter or the like. 

1579 Futke Refut. Rastell 762 Vhe words .. wold not 
agree to drie bread, 1840 Dickens U/d C. Shop (libr. ed.) 
Il. ix. 66 Making some thin dry toast. 1884 G. ALLEN 
Philistia U1. 157 The meal..of dry bread with plain tea. 

7. Solid, not liquid. 

1722 Ocie in Lond. Gaz. No. 6091/t Neither the Wine 
nor dry Provisions were come. 1806 Hutron Course Math, 
I. 27 this are measured all dry wares, as, Corn, Seeds, 
Roots, Fruits, Salt, Coals, Sand, Oysters, &c. 

8. Of wines, etc.: Free from sweetness and fruity 
flavour. 

ar17oo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dry-wine, a little rough 
upon, but very grateful to the Palate. 1706 FARQUHAR 
Recruiting Oftcer m1. (1728) 43 Many a dry bottle have we 
crack’d hand to fist. 1848 ‘THackERAY Be. Snobs x\viii, 
Where's the old dry wine? 1887 J. A. Srerry Lazy Minstr., 
Bolney Ferry (1892) 187 In Mrs. Williams’ driest sherry 
He toasts the Lass of Bolney Ferry } 

9. Metallurgy. Said of copper, tin, or lead, in 
the brittle and coarse-grained condition which they 
exhibit before refining, or when insufficiently de- 
oxidated in refining. 

1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 918 When the operation of 
refining begins, the copper is dry or brittle..Its grain is 
coarse, open, and somewhat crystalline. /é2d. 919 Copper, in 
the dry state, has a strong action uponiron, 1881 RayMonD 
Mining Gloss., Dry copper. Under-poled copper. Coppen 
not poled enough to remove all sub-oxide. 

10. ¢vansf. Of or relating to dry substances or 
commodities ; dy measure, measure of capacity 
for non-liquids. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury m1. 337/2 A Pint ..is the least 
of dry measures, 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 703 The loss in 
the dry weight connected with the exhalation of carbon 
dioxide. 1887 Whitaker's Almanack 363 In dry or corn 
measure, eight bushels..make a quarter. 1891 Daily News 
9 Nov. 3/6 In both wet and dry departments separate rooms 
are set apart for all deadly drugs. 

ll. Not associated or connected with liquid. 
a. Not accompanied or associated with drink ; in 
U.S. political slang, said of places which favour 
the prohibition of the liquor traffic. b. Of diseases, 
etc. : Not marked by a discharge of matter, phlegm, 
etc. ¢, Not accompanied with tears. +d. Not ac- 
companied with bloodshed: see also f. (ods.) e. 
Said of processes or apparatus in which no liquid 
is used. f. phr. Zo die a dry death: i.e. without 
bloodshed, or (in Shaks.) without drowning. 

a. 1483 Cath. Angl. 108/2 A Dry feste, xerofagia. 1579 
Furke Refut. Rastell 778 The Papistes make a drie com- 
munion, when they robbe the people of the ae rs9r G. 
Fietcuer Russe Commu, 13 Priviledge to drinke. .at dryeor 
prohibited times. 1§99 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner Av, 
A Dry Dinner .. without all drinke, except Tobacco (which 
also is but Drinke). 1667 Pootr Dial. betw. Protest. 
& Pafpist (1735) 198 It was not a dry Feast..they had drink 
with it. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. liv. 350 note, A 
local option system, under which each county decides 
whether it will be ‘wet’ or ‘dry’ (i.e. permit or forbid the 
sale of intoxicants). 1892 Daily News 7 Apr. 3/6 Dividing 
the receipts at the music-halls .. as they are named in the 
trade ‘Wet ——, "and ‘Dry Money’ [i. e. money paid for 


for 
b, ¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 57 Pe drie discrasie pou 


693 


schalt knowe bi pe.. litil quytture. 31g8r Mutcaster 
Positions xii. (1887) 61 Good for the drie cowghe. 1704 
F. Futter Med. Gym, (1718) 182 Occasion’d by the Dry- 
Gripes of that Country. 18zx Hoover Med. Dict. s.v. 
Colica, This is called..from its victims, the plumbers’ and 
the painters’ colic; from its symptoms, the dry belly-ache, 
the nervous and spasmodic colic. 1834 J. Forses Laen- 
nec’s Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 83 The expression dry catarrh 
involves a contradiction if we look to etymology. .I shall 
employ it..to designate those inflammations of the bronchi 
which are attended with little or no expectoration. 

c. 1619 W. WuHATELEY God’s Husé, ii. (1622) 49 The 
Lord will not reiect dry sorrow, if he see it hearty and 
true. @1700 DryDEN Os Dry mourning will decays more 
deadly bring..Give sorrow vent, and let the sluices go. 
1852 HawrtHorne Blithedale Rom. xxv, Dry sobs they 
seemed to be. 

Gd. 1618 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. 75(D.) Thus are both 
sides busied in this drie warre. 1660 FULLER Afixt Con- 
tempi. (1841) 204 If we should be blessed with a dry peace, 
without one drop of blood therein. 

e. 1796 Kirwan Elen, Min, (ed. 2) II. 395 In the Dry 
way, it may be essayed when pulverized. (1816 J. Smitu 
Panorama Sc. & Art II. 386 Iron... precipitates nickel 
from its acid solutions, and in the dry. way takes from it the 
sulphur which it contains. c 1865 Letuesy in C7rc. Sc. I. 
127/2 The first dry-meter was patented by Mr. Malam in 
1820. 1879 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xxx. (1889) 
250, I have often seen the knife used in the manner which 
..is called dry tapping. Watms.ey Lilectr. tn Serv. 
Man 108 Dry piles—that is, batteries where no fluids were 
used—were first constructed by Behrens (1806). 

f. 1591 SHaks. Zwo Gent. 1. i. 158 Destin’d to a drier 
death on shore. 1610 — 7emp. 1. i. 72, I would faine dye 
a dry death. 1894 Afirr. Policy (1599) E iij, Tyrants. .goe 
never to Pluto witha drie death. . without. bloud and murder. 
1688 R. L’Estrance Brief Hast, Times M1. 275 He dy’d 
rather a Dry Death, then a Bloudy. 

+12. Ofa blow, or a beating: properly, That does 
not draw blood (as a blow given with a stick or 
the fist, which merely causes a bruise); by some 
app. used vaguely, = Hard, stiff, severe. Ods. 

1530 Patscr. 306/2 Blo, blewe and grene coloured, as ones 
body is after a drie stroke. 1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades 
(1592)94 A Iewe..couered with woundes and swelling drye 
blowes. 1590. SHaks. Com. Err. ui. ii. €4. 1616 Suxre. & 
Marka. Country Farme 711 Give him many a drie bob. 
1709 STEELE Zatler No. 38 ® 3 Many a dry Blow was 
strenuously laid on by each Side. r71x Vind. Sacheverell 
44 The Fellow. .had’an honest dry drubbing. @1774 Gotpsm. 
tr. Scarron's Comic Rom. 1. 104 Having got nothing but 
dry blows-and empty pockets. 

I. Figurative senses. 

13. Feeling or showing no emotion, impassive ; 
destitute of tender feeling; wanting in sympathy 
or cordiality; stiff, hard, cold. In early use, 
chiefly: Wanting spiritual emotion or unction. 

c1z00 OrMIN 9883 Hezpenn follkess herrte Iss. .dri33e, & 
all wipputenn daw. c1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks, ILI. 27 Weet- 
ynge of hevenly deew to her drie hertis. c14g0 tr. De 
Iniutatione u. viii. 48 Hov dry & hov harde pou art wiboute 
ihesu! 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 87 b, Drye, dull, 
or vndeuoute in spirituall thynges. 1637 RurHerrorp Leé/. 
(1862) I. 440 He..is grown miskenning and dry to His 

oor friends. ol pike Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) V. Ixxi. 321 

oted for an address so cold, dry, and distant, that it was 
very difficult ..to-soften or familiarize it. 1825 I’. JEFFERSON 
Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 110 Lord North's answers were dry, 
unyielding..and betrayed an absolute indifference to the 
occurrence of arupture. 31852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. 
xxvi. 244‘ Well!’ said St. Clare, in a tone of dry endurance. 

14. Said of a jest or sarcasm uttered in a matter- 
of-fact tone and without show of pleasantry, or of 
humour that has the air of being unconscious or 


unintentional; also of a person given to such 


‘humour; caustically anys in early use, ironical. 


1542 Upatt Erasm. A poph. Pref.*v, Of the subtile knackes, 
of the drye mockes .. whiche Socrates dooeth there vse. 
xs89 Putrennam Eng. Poesie ut. xviii. agi i 199 ‘The 
figure Ironia, which we call the drye mock. 1601 SHAKs, 
Twel. N.1. iii. 81, 1. v. 45. 1709 Rambl, Fuddle-Cups 7 
Keep your Flirts to your self, and your merry dry Bobs. 
2818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. v, [He] was.. something of a 
humorist and dry joker, 1864 Burton Scot Ady. I. iit. 129 
Froissart, with a touch of dry humour, explains that their 
allies had no objection to speed the exit of the poorer knights. 

+15. Yielding no fruit, result, or satisfaction ; 
barren, sterile, unfruitful, jejune. (Cf. 4.) Ods. (or 
merged in sense 17). 

a 1340 Hampote Psalter vi. 6, I sall make it to bere froit. 
pat bifore was drye fra goed werkes. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 67 b, He shall go drye, and for-a surety 
haue no perfeccyon. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. i. 42 One.. 
whose dryer braine Is tost with troubled sights and fancies 
weake. a@1680 GLanvitL(J.), That the fire ee by heat, is 
an empty dry return to the question, and leaves us still 
ignorant, : i 

+b. Of persons: Misérly, stingy; reserved, un- 
communicative. (Cf. 4.) Ods. 

1ssz Hutoer, Drye fellow whom some call a pelt or 
pinchbecke. 1604 etc. [see Dry-Fist].. 16rr Cortcr. s. v. 
Acquests, He is but a drie fellow, there is nought to be got 
by dealing with him. 168r W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. 
G93) 509 Dry or reserved. Lp. CLarenpon Diary 
(T.), He thanked me.. and said, he had not seen so par- 
ticular an account of those affairs before :. but he was very 
dry as to all things else. é 

16. Lacking adornment or embellishment, or some 
addition; meagre, plain, bare ; matter-of-fact. 

1626 Laup Ws. (1849) IT. 370 And if they sa Bee 4 
believe them in the Church’s sense; yet that dry shift will 
not serve. @ 1637 B. Jonsdn Discoveries, Precipiendi modi 
(1640) 116 As wee should take care, that our style in ar 
be neither dry, nor empty, 1647 H. Morr Song of Soud To 
Rar. 7/1 Contemplations concerning the dry ¢ssence of the 


DRY. 


Deity are very consuming and unsatisfactory. 1648 GAGE 
West Ind. ii. 6 With a pension and dry title only. 1678 
Cupwortn /ntel/. Syst. Pref., Enforced thereunto, by Dry 
Mathematicall Reason. ¢1714 Lapy M. W. Monracu 
Let. to Mrs. Hewet (1887) I. 34 I would willingly return., 
something more..than dry thanks impertinently expressed. 
1803 Lp. Extpon in Vesey's Rep. VIII. 435 It is the case of 
a dry trust, all the debts and legacies being long paid. 
a) Darwin Orig. Spec. ii, A long catalogue of dry facts. 

17. Deficient in interest ; unattractive, distasteful, 
insipid. (jig. from food that wants succulency.) 

1621 Burton. Anat. Mel. 3. ii. 1. ii. (1651) 39 Our subtle 
Schoolmen .. are weak, dry, obscure. 1661 Prrys Diary 
12 May, Methought it was a poor dry Sermon. 1712 
Appison Sfect. No. 315 ® 3 These Points are dry in them- 
selves to the generality of Readers. 1780 Harris PAiVlol. Eng. 
Wks. (1841) 425 If these speculations appear too dry, they 
may be rendered more pleasing, if the reader would peruse 
the two pieces criticised. 1790 J. Q. Apams Wks. (1854) 
IX. 567 Mankind have an aversion to the study of the 
science of government. Is it because the subject is dry? 
1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 14 Annals..valuable to the 
antiquary, but dry and profitless to others. , 

8. Art. Characterized by stiff and formal out- 
lines; lacking in softness or mellowness ; frigidly 
precise. 

1716 Notes Dryden's transl. Du Fresnoy’s Art Painting 
224 His Manner was Gothique and very dry. /ééd. 22 
[His] manner was drier and harder than any of Raphael's 
school. @1792 Sir J. Reynoips Yourn. Flanders & Holland 
(R.), The fall of the Angels, by F. Floris, 1554; which has 
some good parts, but without masses, and dry. 1850 LeitcH 
Miiller’s Anc. Art § 205. 195 ‘The workmanship, however, 
is still drier than in the Antonines. 1876 Humpnreys Coin- 
Coll. Man. xxiv. 353 A dry and hard manner of execution. 

19. Of money, rent, or fees: Paid in hard cash, 
in actual coin. [Cf. F. avgent sec, perte seche.] 

1574 Hettowrs Guenara’s Kam. Ep. 162 Such as shal 
play at Cardes or dice for driemoney. 1656 J. HARRINGTON 
Oceana (1700) 36 Worth a matter of four millions dry rents. 
1664 Prerys Diary 30 Sept., ] am fain to preserve my vowe 
by paying 20s. dry money into the poor’s box. 1694 
Provid, God 64 That what could not be done by dry Money, 
might be by Debauchery.. 1713 Appison Guardian No. 
97 ® 5 To Zelinda’s woman. .fifteen guineas in dry money. 
1725 Berkevey Let. to 7. Prior 12 June Wks. 1871 LV. 112 
It hath cost me 130 pounds dry fees, besides expedition- 
money to men in office. 1885 Standard 3 Apr. 2/6 He had 
played in Defendant's house..but not for ‘dry money’, 

20. Dry light (an expression derived from a 
doubtful or corrupt passage in Heraclitus ; ed, By- 
water 30): ‘Light’ untinged by any infusion of 
personal predilection, prejudice, or fancy. 

1625 Bacon Ess., Friendship &7 Heraclitus saith inone of 
his AEnigmaes: Dry Light is euer the best. — Afophth. 
268 Heraclitus the Obscure sayd: he drie Light was the 
best Soule. Meaning, when the Faculties Intellectual are in 
vigour, not wet, nor, as it were, blouded by the Affections, 
1870 LowELt Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 149 The web that 
looks so familiar and ordinary in the dry light of every day. 

B. as adv. Ina dry manner, dryly. (See C. 2.) 

1513 Act 5 Hen, VIII, c. 4. § 1 If the same Worsted, so 
dry calandred, taketh any Wet. 1710-11 Swirt Lett. (1767) 
III. 97 I talk dry and cross to him. 1 A. Dickson 
Treat. Agric. xix. (ed. 2) 331 Where the land is very dry 
situated, 1833 Marryat ?. Simple xxviii, ‘ He’s rowing 
dry, your honour—only making bilave,’ 

C. Combinations, 

1. Parasynthetic, as dry-eyed a@., having dry eyes, 
tearless, not weeping ; dry-doned, -fancted, -handed, 
-leaved, -lipped, -skinned, -tongued, etc. adjs. ; also 
adry-looking adj. See also DkyY-FISTED, -FOOTED, 

1618 Bratuwait Descr. Death in Farr S. P. Yas. I 
(1848) 271 Chop-falne, crest-sunke, *drie-bon’d anatomie. 
1667 Mitton P. L. x1. 495 Sight so deform what heart of 
Rock could beng *Drie-ey’d behold? 1890 Pali Mall GC. 
3 Sept. 6/2 The face. .has the drawn expression of dry-eyed 
grief. 1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux O. 50 Any 
*dry-fancied Metaphysicians. @166x Hotypay ¥uvenal 241 
As in a *drie-mouth’d feaver. 1855 Trnnyson Mand 1. 
xviii. 8 The *dry-tongued laurels’ pattering talk. 

2. Adverbial, in comb. with verbs and their 
derivatives. a. In a dry way; without the use of 
liquid; without drawing blood: as dxy-72b,-scratch, 
-scrub, etc., vbs.; dry-blowing pres. pple.; + dry~ 
bang, t+ dry-baste v/s. = Dry-BEaT; dry-cup- 
ping, see CUPPING I; dry-cure v., to cure meat, 
ete. by salting and drying, as distinguished from 
pickling; dry-grind v., to grind articles of cutlery 
without the use of water; hence dry-grinder, a 
workman employed in dry-griuding; so dry 
pointing, e.g. of needles and table-forks; dry- 
salt v.=dry-cure; dry-shave v., (see quots.), 

¢ 1600 Day Begg. Bednall Gr. ww, iii, And, I did not *dry bang 
-e all one after another I’de eat no more but Mustard. 1639 
ae Sp. Pilgr. vi, 58 They .. *dry-basted brother 
Hill and left vs, 1728-46 Tomson Spring 115 If..a cut- 
ting gale..*dry-blawing, breathe Untimely frost. 1822-34 
Goon Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 473 The use of *dry-cupping 
between the shoulders. 1844 Anz. Reg. 259 His apparatus 
for the reliefof *dry-grinders. 1832 Baspace Econ. Manuf. 
xix, (ed. 3).187 *Dry-pointing, which also is executed with 
great rapidity, 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 19 Preamby Pillows 
made of .scalded teders and *drie pulled feders to gedre. 
1885 Harper's Mag. Jan. 278/1 Goat-skins in their raw 
state come to the market ‘*dry salted’. 1869 E. A. Parkes 
Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 305 On intermediate days the rooms 
are *dry-scrubbed. 1620 Tuomas Lat, Dict., Attondere 
aliguem auro, to, ridde him of his gold, to *drie shaue him, 
1706 Puiturs, To naff fees) to chowse, gull or cheat 

in Harper’. 


notoriously, B i 
be dry seared and have his head dressed on the parade, 


's Mag. (1883) 546/2 [He] shall - 


DRY. 


b. So as to be or become dry, to dryness: as 
dry-suck, -weep vbs.; dry-bui nt, -drunken, -roasted, 
aang ye) ppl. adjs. 

R. Kiptinc Light that failed xii, The grass was 
*dry-burnt in the meadows. 1589 Cocan Haven Health 
(1636) 132 Except it be very *dry rosted. 1671 SHADWELL 
Humourists 1, Loins of Mutton dry-roasted. DEKKER 
Honest Wh, viii. Wks. 1873 I. 49 tho *dry-suckst him. 


3. Special attributive combs.: dry-beard, an old 
man with a dry or withered beard; dry-bob (see 
Bos sé.7); hence dry-b0b vb.; adry-bone (U.S.),a 
miner’s name for the silicate and other ores of zinc 
(Dana 1868); dry-bones, a contemptuous or 
familiar term for a thin or withered person, who 
has little flesh on his bones; dry-bulb ther- 
mometer, one of the two thermometers of which 
a dry- and wet-bulb hygrometer consists; dry- 
castor, ‘a kind of beaver, called also parchment- 
beaver’ (Webster 1864); Gry-cooper, a cooper 
who makes casks, etc. for dry goods; +dry- 
ditch v. /vans., to work at (anything) without 
result, like one digging a ditch into which no 
water flows; dry-fly a. and wv. (Angling), used 
to describe a method of fishing in which an arti- 
ficial fly is dangled just above the water; dry 
house, a building in which miners change their 
clothing (also called drying-house, or dry); ary 
lodging, lodging without board; dry-march, a 
march or boundary-line not formed by a river or 
water; dry multure, see MULTURE; dry-needle 
=dry-point; dry pack, see Pack; dry-pile a. 
(ft dripile), with the pile dry; dry-plate (/otogr.), 
a sheet of glass coated with collodion subsequently 
sensitized and dried, or, more usually, with an 


| dryde, 7-8 dry’d, 6- dried ; (8. 7 drien). 


emulsion of gelatine (or collodion) containing a | 
sensitive silver salt, and exposed to the action of | 


light in a dry state; dry-point (Engraving), 
(a) a sharp-pointed needle used for engraving with- 
out acid on a copper plate from which the etching- 
ground has been removed; (4) the process of en- 
graving in this way, or an engraving so executed ; 
hence dry-pornt vb.; dry-puddling, see PUDDLING; 
+ dry-rent, a RENT-SECK or barren rent, i.e. one 
reserved without clause of distress (ods.); dry- 
shearer, a workman whose business is to shear 
the nap of cloth; dry-skin (see quot.); dry- 
stone a., applied to a ‘dike’ er stone wall built 
without mortar, cf. Dike sé. 6b; dry-stove, 
a stove for plants, with dry heat; dry wall, a 
wall built without mortar. See also Dry nock, etc. 
1749 Garrick Lethe 1. (1798) I. 11 Well said, old *dry- 
beard. 1797 T. Park Sonnets 66 By Pythagrean dry- 
beards sentenc'd. gd *Dry-bob [see Bos s4.7). 188x W. 
E. Norris Matrim. I. 73 You never used to dry-bob at 
Eton, did you? 1845 James A. Nei/ ILI. xiv, Ha, old *dry- 
bones, have I caught thee at length? 1882 Watts Dic. 
Chem. III, 227 Vable I. To obtain the dew-point, mul- 
tiply the difference of pune of the thermometers by the 
factor opposite the *dry-bulb reading, and subtract the 
Shao from the dry-bulb reading. 1715 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 5308/3 Mr. Henry Taylor, *Dry Cooper. art 
Hacker Adf. Williams 1. (1692) 98 His adversaries did 
*dry-ditch their matters and digg’d in vain, 1885 Pad 
Mail G. 29 June 4/2 The beautiful and delicate art of 
fishing with the *dry fly. 1893 Na‘. Observer 5 Aug. 300/2 
You must creep up-stream as warily as if you were dry-fly- 
ing it on the Hampshire chalk. 1884 Health Exhid. 
Catal. 130/t Drawing of *Dry House where miners change 
their clothes. 1796 in Scott Old Mor?. Introd., To *drye 
Lodginge for seven weeks, £0 4 1. 1825 //ist. Little Pat 
(Houlston Tracts I, xi. 3) She. lived in one of those cellars 
which have ‘dry lodgings’ written over :the door. -1820 
Scorr Monast. vi, The last who went south-passed the *“dry- 
march at the Ridingburn with an escort of thirty spears. 
c1790 Imison Sch, Art. 48 The *dry needle ..is prin- 
cipally employed in the extreme light parts of water, sky, 
drapery, architecture, &c. 1600 Fairrax J'asso xx. cxxiv. 
388 And loue will shoote = from his mightie bow, Weake is 
the shot that *dripile falles in snow. 1859 Photogr. News 
I. 296 Some difference of opinion exists as to the collodion 
best suited for *dry plates. 1878 Asney Photog’. (1890) 91 
In the Letgehes owed of dry plates .. the image .. is built up 
from the solid silver salt in the film itself. “Void, The prac- 
tical part of dry-plate processes. 1837 Wittrock B&, 
Trades (1842) 216 The *drypoint, or needle, is principally 
employed for the lightest parts of the engraving on the cop- 
per plate. 1883 Atheneum 24 Feb, 256/1 Theetchings and 


dry-points of Venetian views which Mr. Whistler is show- 
kind of Tumor .. as the *Dry-sheerers, or those who dress 
Cloth, have upon their left Hands. 17er C. Wottey Fri. 
3 

Whale is call’d a °Dry-Skin, 1816 Scorr Old Mort. i. note, 
Called by the vulgar a *dry-stane dyke. 1878 C. R. 
pool with dry-stone walls and a little muddy water, 
Craven Dial., *Dry-wall, a wall without lime. 1873 H. 
Spencer Study Sociol, iii. (1877) 48 A dry wall of the same 
height and stability. 

1. Dry state or condition, esp. of the atmosphere ; 
dryness, drought. 
druie and hwile wete. a 1300 Cursor A. 6365 (Gott.) For na 
drie ne for na wate Ne changid bai neuer pair state. 1377 Pod. 


ing. 1722 CHampertayne in PA. Trans. XXXII. 161A 

in N. Y. (1860) 39 If the Blubber be not fat and free, the 
Conver Tentwork Pal. 312 Siloam—a most disapp 

1828 

* H 

Dry, s¢. Forms: see prec. [subst. use of prec.] 

ex200 Trin. Coll. Hont. 123 He..poled his unwille hwile 

Poems (Rolls) 1. 216 Thei dredde nother tempest, druy3e 


694. 


nor wete. 1414 Bramrton Penit. Ps. \xxviii, For dry myn 
herte to gydere is runne. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 5 With 
colde ne with hete, with weet ne with drye. _ 1695 Woop- 
warp Nat. Hist. Earth v1. (1723) 272 Successions of Heat 
and Cold, Wet and Dry. Morris Earthly Par. U1. 
m1. Ba i He cut his hay, to lie long in the rain. 
1877 R. F. Burton in Atheneum ov. 568/3 Dead water 
during the dries, and a lake with two outlets after the 
annual rains, 
+b. Thirst: cf. Dry a. 3. Ods. 

1377 Lane. P. Pl. B. xtv. so Ete pis whan be hungreth, 
Orwhes pow..clyngest fordrye. c¢1460 Zowneley Sivet 
(Surtees) 313, I dy nere for dry. 

2. That which is dry; sfec. dry land. Jn the 
dry: on, or as on, dry land ; not under water. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 383 Pe dri [he] cald erth. 1382 Wycuir 
Ps. xciv[xcv). 5 Of hym is the se, and he made it; and the 
drie his hondis formeden. | Cowrer 7ask u. 56 When 
did the waves so haughtily o’erleap Their ancient barriers, 
deluging the dry? 1871 G. MacponaLp Sonn. conc. 
vi, When God said, ‘ Let the Dry appear !’ 

. A drying-place, or dtyme- house, 

1876 J. H. Couuins in ¥ru/. Soc, Arts 5 May 568/1 The floor 
or ‘pan’ of the dry is composed of fire-clay tiles. 1882 Encyci. 
Brit. X1V. 1/2 Itis transferred to the drying-house or ‘dry’. 

4. Masonry. ‘A fissure in a stone, intersecting it 
at various angles to its bed, and rendering it unfit 
to support a load’ (Ogilvie). 

1825 Jamieson, Dry (ina stone),a flaw. Adberd. 

Dry (drai), v. Pa. t. and pple. dried (droid). 
Forms: 1 dryzean, 2-4 drize.n, 3 (Orm.) dri3- 
jenn, 3-4 druye(n, 4 druize, drue, dreize, dri, 
4-6 drey, drye, 4-7 drie, 5— dry (7/lexions dries, 
drieth, drying). Pa. t. 1 dryzde, drizde, 3-5 
dride, 4 dreide, dreyede, druyde, 5 dryed(e, 
4- dried. Pa. pple. 1 gedrized, 3 (Orm.) dri3- 
jedd, 4-5 dreyed, 4-S dryed, 6-7 dride, 7 
(OE. 


Fesus 


dryg(e)an, drtzean, f. dryge Dry a.] 
1. “rans. To make dry (e. g. by wiping, rubbing, 

exposure to heat or air, draining, etc.); to rid, 

deprive, or exhaust of moisture ; to desiccate. 

888 K. AEcerep Boeth. xxxix. § 13 Se hata sumor dryz> 
and zearwap sad and bleda. c10do Ags. Gosf. John xi. 2 
And drigde [Hat/on G. dreide] his fet mid hyre loccon. 
¢ 1200 OrMIN 8625 Forr batt te land wass driz3edd all And 
scorrcnedd burrh be druhhpe. @1300Cursor M. 14011 Sco.. 
pan pam dries wit hir hare. ¢1400 Maunpev. (1839) iii. 19 
Thei dryen it at the Sonne. cxg0o tr. Secreta Secret., 
Gov. Lordsh. (E. EF. T. S.) 76 pes pynges dryes and feblys 
pe body. a1go0 Flower & Leaf (RK), Yo dry their clothes 
yt were wringing weat. 1549-62 Srernnoip & H. Ps. cxix. 
313 As a skin bottel in the smoke, So am I partcht and dride. 
1626 Bacon Sy/va § 56 After it be dryed a little before the 
Fire. 1664 Evetyn Aad. Hort. (1729) 206 They should be 
dry'd in the Shade. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. 1. 25/1 
Wood thus dry’d .. acquires a Hardness .. by which means 
they think it is better dried. 1848 Dickens Dombey v, Mrs. 
Chick was yet drying her eyes. 3 

b. To remove or abstract (water or moisture) ; 
to wipe away, cause to evaporate, or drain off. 
cx Barlam & Yosaphat (Bodl. MS.) 867 Whan 
ays been areche wit bin hond, and drey3e pe water of 
Yee Trevisa //igden (Rolls) V. 113 Faste by the 
brook pat he dreyede [v.7. druyde]. 1551 CrowLey Pleas. 
& Pain 482 Christe doeth drye all teares from the op- 
pressedis eye. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. vii. 197 The Water 
..was now dried away. 1798 Canninc New Morality 89 
in Anti-Facobin 9 July (1852) 204 Not she, who dries The 
orphan’s tears. = ‘TENNYSON Audley pete | Till al 
his juice is dried, and all his joints Are full of c 7 

2. intr. To become dry ; to lose or be exhausted 
of moisture ; to cease to yield a supply of liquid. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 155 Sum of sed ful wy RF be 
ston and dride pere. @1300 Cursor Al. 310 (Cott) cis 
welle bat neuer sal dri. ¢ 1340 /dfd. 8763 (Trin.) Pe tre... 
for elde bigon to drize. sir Tenvs Higden (Rolls) 1. 
267 His armes driede and wax al drye. _¢ 1420 Pallad. on 
Husb. 1. 363 The see grauel is lattest for to drye. 1538 
Lynpesay Agst. Syde Taillis 75 In Somer quhen the streittis 
dryis. eo: foxon Mech. Exerc. 259 The Morter doth not 
Cement. .when it dries hastily. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4114/4 
It [a sandbank] drys at Low-Water. 1870 C. F. Gorpon 
Cummine in Gd. Words 138/2 Masses of apricots spread out 
to dry in the sun. % : 

b. Of water or moisture: To disappear or 
pass away by evaporation, absorption, or draining. 
2c 1305 Old Age ii. in Relig. Ant, 11.210 Moch me anue 
pat mi drivil druip. ¢x400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 197 If pou 
waisschist hise lymes in watir, anoon ri3t it wole drie yn. 
r60r Suaxs. Ad's Well u. i. 143 Great flouds haue flowne.. 
and great Seas haue dried. 1648 Gace West /nd. 109 The 

unctuous part will dry away. : 

+3. intr. To be thirsty, to thirst. Ods. 

In ME. also dmfers. me drieth ; cf. HuncER. 

1362 Lanat. ?. Pi. A.t. 25 And drink whon pou druizest 
[B. a: v.rr. pe drizep, 30w drieth). @1sq4x Wyatt 
Poet. Wks. (1861) 117 For thirst to death I dry. 

4. a. trans. To render (a cow, etc.) ‘dry’; to 
exhaust or stop the secretion of milk in. b. ivr. 
To become ‘dry’, cease to give milk. 

1780 A. Youn Tour Jrel. (Nat. Lib. Ed.) 116 All have 
cows, and when they dry them, buy others. 1797 J. Down- 
inc Disord. Horned Cattle 87 The following medicine may 
be given to any cow you wish to dry. 1806 Forsyru 
Beauties Scotl, U1. 76 The thicker milk of those which 
were beginning to dry. 1828 Craven Dial. s.v., ‘It’s time 
to dry the cow, shoe gives lile milk’. Times 6 Mar. 4/2 
A _few farmers report that they cannot off their cows. 

5. Dry up. ¢vans. a. To suck, draw, or take up 


(liquid or moisture) entirely, as is done by the sun 


: DRY-BEAT. 
or with a cloth or the like. b. To exhaust (any- 
thing) of its moisture; to render quite dry; to 
desiccate. (Chiefly in passive.) os? 
1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 775 Taisho, Testes. ae 
is not 


grace y 
Hutoet, Dryed vp to be, as a cowe or yewe that 
or foremilch a no mylke. 1563 W. Furke 
concocted 


epg legen et 
oi up. rcuas Jilgris 6 
ii"Scinanes W (jeiunlie alae tauge up. sey ete 


i and dry them [tulips] up. Ann, Rev. 11. 81 
One fertile source of pa Bi dried fe 
M°Cosu Div. Govt... ii. (1874) The. amazon .. had 
her breast dried up that she might teh the more fiercely. 
1871 R. H. Hutton £ss. (1877) I. 18 Theoretic atheism 
dries up the sources of paneual affection, r 
c. intr. Of water or moisture: To disappear 
entirely as by evaporation. Of a source: To cease 
to yield liquid, to become quite dry. 

1535 CoveKDALe ob xii. 15 Eoheida. 7t he witholde the. 
waters, they drye vp. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. 1. ii. 60 
Fountaine from the which my currant runnes, Or else dries 
vp. _ Leont tr. Adberti’s Archit. 11. 104/1 Springs.. 
which have dryed up. 1842 Tennyson 72wo Voices 268 
sap dries up: the plant declines. 

d. intr. (slang or collog.) To stop the flow of 
words, cease talking ; also gen. to stop, cease. 

1854 in Wenster. 1865 The /ndex 2 Feb. (Farmer), With 
which modest contribution we dry up with reference to the 
subject. 1884 Cornh, Mag. June 617 (idid.) Dry up!..the 
slangy..exclamation with which he cuts short..attempts of 
his mother to lecture him. 1884 G. Moore Mummer's Wife 
(1887) 179 No matter how well you knew your words, you'd 
dry up when you got before the footlights. 1892 STEVEN- 
son Vailima Lett. xxiv. (1895) 231 The rain begins .. and 
I will do the reverse and dry up. 

Dry, obs. form of Dreg. 

(draiéd). Also 6-7 driade. Pl. 
dryads: also in L. form dryades (droi‘adiz’. 
[ad. L. Dryas, pl. Dryad-es =G. Apvds, pl. Apuddes 
wood-nymphs, f. pis, dpu-és tree.] 

1. In Gr. and Lat. Mythol. A nymph supposed to 
inhabit trees ; a wood-nymph, 

1555 Even Decades 23 They supposed that they had seene 
those most beawtyfull Dryades. 1575 Lanenam Let. sen 
14 The Fawnz, the Satyres, the Nymphs, the Dryardes, 
the Hamadryades. 1598 Marston /‘ygmai., etc. Sat. iv. 155 
Summon the Nymphs and Driades to bring Some rare in- 
uention, whilst thou doost sing. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 387 
Like a Wood-nymph light, Oread or Dryad, or of Delia’s 
‘Traine. 1708 Prior Turtle & Sparrow 35 The dryads all 
forsook the wood. 1798 Coreripce Picture, Ye Oreads 
chaste, ye dusky Dryades. 1859 Tuackeray Virgin, ii. 
(1878) 17 Marble fauns and dryads were cooling themselves. 

2. ¢ransf. a. A maiden of the woods; a sylvan 
beauty. b. A forest-tree, a denizen of the woods. 

1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 30 This 
young Gentleman .. inflamed with the love of this Driade, 
1823 Sinon Island u. xi, The palm, the loftiest dryad of the 


woods. 

3. attrib. and Comb. 

a1790 Warton Bathing Sonn. ii. (R.), Young Health, a 
Depend in vesture green .. airy uplands met the 
piercing gale. 

Hence Drya‘diec a., of, pertaining to, or res 
sembling a dryad. 


1891 C. E. Crappock Jn Str. Countr. iv, Soft dryadic 
murmurs. /éid. xii, A flitting dryadic shape. 
[That 


ust (droiézdvst), sd. and a. 
is, dry as dust.) 

A. sb. The name of a fictitious person to whom 
Sir W. Scott pretends to dedicate some of his 
novels; hence, a writer or student of antiquities, 
history, or statistics, who occupies himself with 


the driest and most uninteresting details. 
1820 Scott /vanhoe, The venerable name of Dr. Jonas 
asdust. 1822 —Aige/ Introd. Ep., Captain Clutterbuck 


ries Reveeed De. Depwineh Cantyie Fredk, Gt. 1. 
16 (H.) The Prussian Dryasdust, ot ise an honest fellow, 
and not afraid of labour, excels all other Dryasdusts yet 
agg a 1872 ane, ae Bhs, vii. (874) Cc 
Dryasdusts may pick up ms amidst hi 
rubbish. 1889 Spectator 9 Nov. Sqr In spite of his being 
a fellow of the Royal Historical Society, has nothing of the 
ust about him. 
B. aaj. 1. Extremely ‘ dry’, as a writer, book, 

or subject of eee 

1 into Eng. Prose Lit. u.iv. 313 The most dryasdust 
of the whole. 1879 E. Garrett House by Wks. 11. 79 Dry- 
as-dust antiquarian stories. 1880 Miss Brappon Yust as / 
am xiv, She idered political y as a dry-as-dust 
something outside the circle of her life. 1881 — One Thing 
Needful viii, Aged by poring over dry-as-dust books, 

2. Zit. Of climate: Extremely dry or rainless. 

1889 Geixitz. Addr. Brit. Assoc. (Nature 19 Sept. 490) A 
dry-as-dust climate like that of some of the steppe-regions of 
our own day. /éfd., 1 cannot..find. nay eee of a dry-as- 
dust epoch. .in Europe during. .the Pleistocene period. 

Hence (once-wds.) Dryasdu'stic, Dryas- 

“stism. 


Dryasdu' 
1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt, xiv. i, (1873) TV. 149 The dark 
‘ven. Cit. 7 Sept. 2/4 The 
as naturally an extensive ac- 
ct tator 31 May 


a -beat, v. Obs. trans. To inflict ‘dry 
oe a Dry a. 12); to beat soundly or 
severely, Hence Dry-beaten f//. 


we 


DRYDENIAN. 
. 1567 Harman Caveat (1860) 64 This drye beaten hosteler. 
1589 Pappe w. Hatchet iii, A yonger brother, that 


meanes to drie beate those of the Elder house. 1603 Hot- 
‘LAND Plutarch's Mor. 1281 His body. .is drie beaten, brused 


and broken. @ 1667 Jer. Taytor Ser. Rom. ii. 4 Wks. 
1831 II. 393 He by dry-beating him might make him at 
least sensible of blows. 


Dryche, var. form of DretcH v.2 Ods. 

Drydenian (droidzniin), a. Characteristic, 
or in the style, of the English poet John Dryden 
(1631-1700). So Drydenic (draidenik), Dry- 
denish (drai‘dén,if): adjs., in same sense ; Dry*- 
denism, a phrase, etc. characteristic of Dryden. 

1687 Sette Refi. Dryden Pref. 2 The boldest Drydenism 
that e’re came in Print. /did. 23 The greatest piece of 
Drydenian Nonsense that I have met with yet. /dfd. 41 
Something Drydenish, Illnatured and unjauntee. 1868 
Lowett Dryden Pr. Wks. 1890 III. 141 note, A very Dry- 
denish verse. 1896 Sainrspury Hist. 19th Cent. Lit, 8 The 
Drydenian triplet..on which Pope had frowned. 

_ Dry dock, dry-dock. A dock from which 
the water is or may be let out, for repairing (or 
building) a tip : see Dock 56,3 4. 

1627 [see Dock 86.3 4]. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xiii. 363 They 
immediately hale their Ship into a dry Dock, and burn her 
bottom. 1803 Morse in M. Cutler Lf, etc. (1888) II. 129 
The President’s scheme of a Dry Dock at Washington, 
appears to me in a high degree visionary and ridiculous. 
1883 Law Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 503 The owner of a dry 
dock used for the painting and repairing vessels, 

’ Hence Dry*-dock v., ¢razs. to place (a vessel) in 
a dry dock for repairs. 

1884 Pall Mali G. 12 Aug. 11 The ordinary methods by 
which ships are dry-docked. 1895 Boston Her. (U.S.) 21 
Mar. 7/1 The lack of dry-docking facilities. 

Drye, obs. form of DrEr, Dry. 

Dryer, var. of Drm, freq. in techn. senses. 

+ +, dry-fat. Oss. Also 6 drievat, 
6-7 drifat(te, driefat(te, etc. ; also as two words. 
{f Dry a.+ Far sb.!=vat.] A large vessel (cask, 
barrel, tub, case, box, etc.) used to hold dry 
things (as opposed to liquids) : see Fat sé.! 3. 

1526 TJolls in Dillon Calais § Pale (1892) < For evry 
dryfatt with merchandyce iiijd. 1540, etc. [see Fat sé.! 3]. 
1558 W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 127, 2 Driefats of 
bread. 1577-87 Hotinsnep Chron. Il. 196 Unlesse it come 
out of their owne drievat. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. 1. 
iv, I am a broken vessell .. a shrunke old Dryfat. 1677 
Yarranton Eng. /ntprov. 45 The Thread..is brought down 
the Elbe and Rhine in dry Fats for Holland and Flanders. 

Dryfve, dryffie, en, obs. inf. and pa. pple. 
of DRIVE z. 

+ *-fist. Obs. 
niggardly or stingy person. 
niggardly, miserly, stingy. 
1604 Dekker Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 II. 28 Of all filth 
dryfisted Knights. 1607 — Ants. Conjur. (1842) 76 Nas' 
inueyed bitterly .. against dryfisted patrons. 1633 Forp 
Love's Sacr. wu. i, W ty wise madam Dry-fist, could your 
mouldy brain be so addle? [1674 Cotton Compl. Gamester 
in Singer Hist. Cards (1816) 334 Throwing. .at a good sum 
with a dry fist (as they call it); that is, if they nick you, it 
is theirs; if they lose, they owe you so much.] 

Dry-foot (drai-fut), adv. (a.) Also without 
ee and as two words: see Dry and Foor. 

. With dry feet ; without wetting the feet. 

¢€12z00 ORMIN 10338 All comm oferr dri33efot All alls itt 
waterr nere. a1225 Fuliana 32 leddest israeles folc 
purh pe reade sea .. druifot. 1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) 
V. 239 He wolde lede hem drie toot into pe londe of byheste. 
e400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xi. 43 Childer of Israel passed 
thurgh it driefote. 1593 Nasue Christ's 7. 19a, Ouer the 
waters of my Teares mi tribulation, shee. .passeth as drie- 
foote, as once they past ouer Iordan. 1623 Liste 4dfric 
on O. & N. Test., Evangelists, Walked upon the sea drie-foot. 

2. To draw or hunt dry-foot: to track game 
by the mere scent of the foot. Also fig. Obs. 
- 1590 SHaks. Com. Err. wv. ii. 39 A hound that runs 
Counter, and yet draws drifoot well. 1649 G. Daniet 
Trinarch., Hen. V, ccxlix, When we read that wonder, and 
have trac’d ng og ng Dene a651 Life Father Sarpi 
(1676) 4x Like Dogs that draw dry-foot. 
+3. attrib. or adj. Obs. 
~ 1608 Macuin Dumb Kut. m1. in Hazl. Dodsley X. 166, 1 
care not for his dry-foot hunting. 1635 Quartes Emblemes 
Iv. viii. 213 And, from her po deepes, approach the dry- 
foot shore. 1672 SHApweLL Miser u. Wks. 1720 III. 39 
‘Thou art like a dry-foot dog. v : 

-foo:ted, z. Having dry feet; with the 

feet not wetted ; = prec. I. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 220 Per heo eoden drui-uoted. 1398 TrE- 
ye Barth. De P. R, 1x. xxxi. (1495) 367 [They] passyd 

ordan drye foted. 1577-87 Harrison England 1. x. 30 
Such as a man may go into drie-footed at the full Sea. 
1833 Marryat P. Simple xii, Whether he was out of his 
depth or not, I can’t tell, although I suspect that he was not 
dry-footed. : 

b. fig. ? Passing lightly and dexterously over a 
difficulty (like one who steps lightly over a stream 


without wetting his feet). < 

(1579 Futke Heskins’ Parl. 359 Maister sane ere 
ouer with a drye foote, that Ambrose saith..he shall not 
die.] 1830 Coteripce Tadle-t. 20 May, The explanation 
of Erasmus, and Clarke, and some others, is very dry-footed. 


. Dry’-fou:nder, v. trans. To render (a horse) 
lame from inflammation in the hoof; = FounDER 
v. Chiefly in pa. pple. Dry-foundered = 
FounDerED. ? Oés. dia quot. 1654 alluding to 
the foundering of a ship.) i 


[cf Dry @ ib] A 
So + Dry*-fi:sted a., 


695 


1611 Beau. & Fi. King § no King v. iii, If he kick thus 
i’ the dog-days, he will be dry-fouindred. 1654 H. L’Estrance 
Chas. 1, 131 Before these ships could be fitted to flote upon 
the main, they were dry-foundred at land. For the ‘Tax 
being a burden, every man began to study how to decline 
the weight. a 1656 Ussuer A mx, vi. (1658) 301 Fearing least 
«he should dry founder and lose all his horses. 

Dry3e, obs. form of Drez, Dry. 

Dryght, -3t, -in, -yn: see Dricut, Dricutin. 


Dry goods. A name (chiefly in U.S.) for the 
class of merchandise comprising textile fabrics and 
related things; articles of drapery, mercery, and 
haberdashery (as opposed to groceries). 

1708 Deplorable State New Eng. 18 in Sewall’s Diary 
(1879) II. 115* One Hog’s-Head of Dry Goods. 19775 A. 
Burnasy 7vav. 71 With the dry goods, which they pur- 
chase in London, they traffick in the neighbouring colonies. 
1812 H. & J. Smitu Key. Addr., Loyal Effusion, And raised 
the price of dry goods and tobaccos. 1821 Dwicut 7rav. 
I. 187 There were in New-Haven. .41 stores of dry goods. 

b. attrib., as dry-goods business, dealer, shop, 
store; ary-goo’dsman, one who sells dry goods. 

@ 1813 A. Witson Foresters Poet. Wks. (1846) 233 At 
length we spelt this precious piece of lore; ‘Pat Dough- 
erty’s Hoteland Drygood Store’. 1837 HawrHorne Amer. 
Note-bks. 12 Aug., Fellow-passenger, a Boston dry-goods 
dealer, travelling to collect bills. 1863 — Our Old Home 
(1883) I. 160 What we should call a dry-goods store, or, 
according to the English phrase, a mercer’s and haber- 
dasher’s shop. 1863 Dicey Federal St. 1. 3 A number of 
New York and Boston dry-goods men. 

+ Dry‘hede. 0¢s. Also drihed, dryehed. 
[f. Dry @.: see -HEAD.] Dryness, drought; dry 
land ; a dry place, desert. 

at E. E. Psalter \xv[i). 6 Whilk pat tornes be se In 
mikel drihed for to be. @ 1325 Prose Ps.\xxviili]. 45 Hou 
oft hij greued hym in wildernes; hij somond him in ire in 
dryhede. c1q440 ¥Facob’s Well (E.E.T.S.) 236 In hy3e 
hylles of pryde arn iiij. wyckednessys, pat arn, dryehed, 
hardhed, bareynhed, & a foul fall doun. 

+ Dry‘ine. O¢s. Also 6 drynas. [ad. late Gr. 
Spvivas, f. 5pds tree, oak.] A serpent reputed to 
live in hollow oaks. 

1sgr SytvesteR Du Bartas 1. vi. 201 Th’ Adder, and 
Drynas (full of odious stink), 1607 TorseLL Serpents 
(1658) 717 Bellonius writeth, that he never saw any Serpent 
greater ds this Dryine, which he calleth Dendrozailla. 

ing (droiin), vd/. sb. [f. Dry v.+1NG1.] 

1. The actionof theverb Dry; abstraction of moist- 
ure; desiccation. Also with adv., as drying-up. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxii. (1495) 560 The 
powdre of the whestone..hath vertue of dryenge. 1480 
Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 124 For wasshing and drying 
of ix pair of shetes. 1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. IV’/,c.10§ 1 
Except the same [Malt] have in the fatt flower stepinge 
and sufficient.drienge. 1667 H. OLpENbuRG in PAr2.7 rans. 
II. 417 The too hasty drying thereof spoils it. 1880 C, R. 
Markuam Peruv. Bark 349 The people complained bitterly 
of the drying up of the streams. 1889 Pad/ Mali G.7 Nov. 
3/3 Fifty years is the period. .[assigned] for the practical 
se ee of the ivory supply. : ; 

. attrib. and Comb. Used in or for drying some- 
thing, as drying-basin, -box, -case, -chamiler, -closet, 
-cylinder, -floor, -ground, -horse, -house, -machine, 
paper, -pipe, -plate, -room, -stove, -tube, -yard. 

isoz Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 81 To..the 
Quenes fotemen for thaire dryeng money. 1558 Bury 
Wills (Camden) 150 A dryeng bason. 1766 C. LEADBETTER 
Royal Gauge u. xiv. (ed. 6) 371 Hung up, on Lines ., in 
the Drying-House. 1799 Mrs. Apams in Harfer's Mag. 
(1885) Mar. 538/1, I made a drying-room..to hang up the 
clothes in. 182z in Cobbett Xur. Rides (1885) I. 49 Close 
by the road-side is the drying-ground. 1854 S. THomson 
Wild Fi. m. (ed. 4) 238 If you consign it [the plant] to 
your drying-paper. 1880 C. R. Markuam Peruv, Bark 149 
The green leaves, called matu..are then spread out in the 
drying-yard..and carefully dried in the sun. 

Dry-in » Ppl. a. ff. as prec. + -ING 2] 

1. ‘That dries or renders dry ; having the quality 
of abstracting moisture ; desiccative. 
in Medicine. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. |xxix. (1495) 913 The 
harde yolke is dryenge and harde to passe out of the stomak. 
c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg.291 Make fumigaciouns of driynge 
a :as galles[etc.]. 1563 W. Futke Meteors (1640) 57 b, 

hese waters being also Srying by nature. 1709 Prior 
Paulo Purganti, Drying Coffee was deny'd; But Chocolate 
that Loss supply’d. 285 Carpenter J/an. Phys. (ed. 2) 93 
A cold drying wind. 

2. Becoming dry ; having the quality of drying 
quickly ; spec. of oils (see quot. 1865). 

Facer Rew tri Macquer's Chym. I. 115 What is called 
a Spirit-Varnish, or a Drying Varnish, because it soon dries. 
¢ 1865 Letuesy in Cire. Sc. I. 99/1 Subdivided into. those 
which become thick or gelatinous on exposure to the air 
(drying otis), as linseed and poppy; and those which do 
not Cat oils), as olive and sperm, ¢x865 J. WyLpE idid. 
418/2 Some oils, by the absorption of oxygen, become what 
are termed ‘drying oils’, 1872 Tennyson: Lynette 1087 
A helm With but a drying ev n for crest. 

Hence Dry’ingness, drying quality. 

1840 olus 60 The air. .receives..an increase of dryness, 
or of dryingness, which latter designation is to be preferred 
as more truly expressive of the fact. 

hh (draisif), a. [f. Dry a.+-1sa.] Some- 
what dry (47%. and jig. ). ‘ 

1725 BrapLey Fam, Dict. s.v. Ozier, Planted rather in a 
dryish than overmoist ground. 1864 Burton Scot Aér. I. 
iv. 159 A curious and valuable collection, but rather dryish. 

d. [See Dry a.5.] Land not sub- 


merged or under water; land as opposed to sea, 


In early use 


DRY-NURSE. 


_ @1225 Fuliana (Bodl. MS.) 77 And drof ham to drue lond 
in to champaine. a@ 1330 Otuel 444 Anon ri3t als roulond 
Hadde ikau3t pe druye lond [etc.]. 1535 CovERDALE Gen. 
i. ro And God called y* drye londe, Earth. a@1626 Bacon 
New Atl. (1627) 3 God..discovered the face of the Deep, 
and brought forth Drie-land. 1892 Garpiner Stud. Hist. 
£xg. 1 Animals could pass over on dry land. 

6. attrib, Of or pertaining to dry land; land-. 

1 Wuiston 7h. Earth iv. (1722) 330 The Generation 
of the Dryland Animals. 1732 BERKELEY Alciphr. v. § 33 
Oxen, and other dry-land animals. 1866 HowELts Venet, 
Life xii. 179 No horse..that type of dry-land locomotion. 

ly, drily (droi'li), adv. [f. Dry a. +-Ly2. 
The tormer spelling is more analogical: cf. shyly, 
slyly, also dryness.] 

1. In a dry manner or state; without moisture. 

1562 J. HeEvwoop Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 216 Walke thou 
weatly, walke thou dryly. 1601 SHaks. Ad/’s Wel/1. i, 176 
Your old virginity, is like one of our French wither'd 
peares : it lookes iI it eates drily. 

2. Without emotion, sympathy, or cordiality, 
coldly, frigidly: see Dry a. 13. 

1622 Bacon Hen. V[/(J.), Conscious to himself how dryly 
the King had been used by his council. 1693 Drypen 
Fuvenal i. 113 Virtue is but drily Prais'd, and Sterves. 1809 
G. Rose Diaries (1860) 11. 392 Saying drily, but civilly, 
that he should come. 1861 Witson & Geikie Mem, Ly 
Forbes iv. 115 His sympathy was but dryly expressed. 

3. With quiet sarcasm or caustic humour: see 
Dry a. 14. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xvi, He was bouerdyng all 
the long daye .. So dryely that no man might espye So 
sober he was in his countenaunce. 1592 NAsHE P. Pentlesse 
(ed. 2) 14a, A iolly lustie olde Gentleman, that will winke, 
and Jaugh, and ieast drily. 1828 Scotr /, A/. Perth vii, 
‘You saw me, neighbour Glover, at the beginning of the 
fray?’ ‘I saw you after the end of it, neighbour’, answered 
the Glover, drily. 1838-9 Hattam //is¢. Lit. 1V. i. iv. § 16. 
to The style of Bentley was sometimes humorous and dryly 
sarcastic. : ; 

4. In a bare or plain style, without embellish- 
ment, baldly; in a dull or uninteresting style or 
manner: see Dry a. 16-18. 

1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Banish'’d Virg. 103 Which 
for being so drily written, made them.. desirous to know 
the occasion. 1709 Pore “ss. Crit. 114 Some dryly plain.. 
Write dull receipts how poems may be made. 1759 GoLpsM. 
Bee, Augustan Age (Globe) 414/2 The poet either drily 
didactive. .or triflingly volatile. 1836 WHateLy Chr. Evid. 
xi, ‘The miracles..are all related briefly, calmly, and dryly, 
and almost with an air of indifference. 

Dryness (drai‘nés). Forms: see Dry a.; also 
5-6 drines, 6-7 drinesse, 7-8 driness. [f. Dry 
@. + -NESS.] 

1. The quality or condition of being dry ; absence 
or deficiency of moisture ; aridity ; drought. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. WwW. iil. (1495) 83 Dryenesse 
spoyllyth the heed of the heer and inakyth it ballyd. 1483 
Cath. Angl. 108/2 A Drynes, ariditas. 1530 Patscr. 215/2 
Drinesse, sechesse .. Drighnesse, chadine. 1543-4 Act 35 
Hen, VITI, c 10 For the drines of the earth. 1563 W. 
FuLKE Meteors (1640) 19 Windes .. some of them bringing 
raine, some drinesse. 1643 DENHAM Coofer’s H. 207 While 
driness moisture, coldness heat resists. 1770-4 A. HuNTER 
in Winter Syst. Husd, (1787) 183 According to the driness or 
wetness of the season. 1838 ‘I’. T'Homson Chem. Org. Bodies 
562 The milky liquid is evaporated to dryness. 

+b. concr. A dry place; dry land. Obs. rare. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. \xix. (1495) 575 Nitrum 
..is made ryghte as salt in drynesse in alde clyues. ¢1450 
Chester Pl, (ii. E,'T. S.) 21 That drynes earth men shall 
call; The gathering of the waters all Seas to name. | 

+c. The condition of being dried up; failure, 
cessation. Ods. 

1625 Bacon Ess., Usurie (Arb.) 545 This will preserue 
Borrowing from any generall Stop or Drinesse. 

2. Thirst. Ods. (or only in vulgar use.) 

@1535 Fisner Serm. Wks. (1876) 400 How in his drygh- 
nesse they would haue filled it with Asell and Gaule. 1559 
W. CunninGHam Cosmogr. Glasse 176 Much sweter then 
Hony, and most pleasantly aswageth drines. 

. fig. @. Absence of emotion, feeling, or fervour ; 
lack of cordiality ; coldness of feeling ; distance of 
manner. 

c14so tr. De Imitatione i. \x. 142 Lest my soule faile for 
werynes & drynes of mynde. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 
1531) 94 b, Drynesse of spiryte cometh somtyme .. whan a 
persone gyueth hymselfe moche to worldly or bodyly myrth 
and pleasure. 1669 Woopueap S¢. Teresa 1. iv. 12 God 
changed the driness wherein my soul had formerly been, 
into an extream tenderness. 1748 Smottetr Rod. Rand. 
(17: ? I. 278 There was a dryness between the lieutenant 
ter im on my account. 183x Socrety I. 310 An apparent 
want of delicacy in his accosting her .. made her manner 
assume a dryness very unlike its usual tone. 

b. Absence of embellishment, plainness, baldness ; 


lack of interest, dullness. 

a1637 B. Jonson Discoveries, pons Geo modi, Their 
new flowers and sweetness do as much corrupt as others 
dryness and squalor. 1709 Tatler No. 43 » 5 The Learned 
have so long laboured under the Imputation of Dryness 
and Dulness in their Accounts of their Pheenomena. a 1719 
Garth (J.), Paraphrase where penury of fancy or dryness 
of expression ask it. 1853 ‘C. BepE’ Verdant Green ix. 
(ed. 4) 78 The dryness and daily routine of lectures, 
Dry-nurse, sd. [Cf Dry a. 4b.] 

1. A woman who takes care of and attends to a 
child, but does not suckle it (opp. to wet-nurse) ; 
formerly, also, in the general sense of ‘nurse’. 

1598 Suaxs, Merry W. 1. ii. 3 One Mistris Quickly; 
which is in the manner of his Nurse; or his dry-Nurse; or 
his Cooke. a1618 RaLeicH Zo Son ii. in Remains (1661) 


DRY-NURSE. 


84 After a while thou didst love thy Drie-nurse, and didst 
forget the other. 1663 Tuxe Adv. 5 Hours v. iii, There's 
no cook, nor dry-nurse, like a wife. 1732 Swirr 7o Ga 
8 Make a dry-nurse of thy muse? 1848 Kincstey Saint's 
Trag. um. iii, To play the dry-nurse to three starving bra 

2. fig. A man who is charged with ‘looking 
after’ another; esf. one who instructs or ‘ coaches’ 
a superior in his duties. 

1614 B. Jonson Bart. Fair 1. (Rtldg.) 310/2 Well, this 
dry nurse .. is a delicate man. c¢1640 Capt. Underwit in 
Bullen O. Pé. Il. 322 (Farmer) You must have a dry 
nurse, as many Captaines have .. I can hire you an old 
limping decayed sergeant at Brainford. 1784 Cowrer 7ask 
31. 371 Grand caterer and dry nurse of the church! 1820 
Scorr Monast. vi, ‘The old general who, in foreign armies, 
is placed at the elbow of the Prince of the Blood, who 
nominally commands in chief, on condition of attempting 
nothing without the advice of his dry-nurse. 1826 WELLING- 
Ton in Croker P. (1884) I. xi. #3 hen the Horse Guards 
are obliged to employ one of those fellows like me in whom 
they have no confidence, they give him what is called a 
second in command—one in whom they have confidence— 
a kind of dry nurse. 

Dry-nurse, v. [f. prec. sb. or f. Dry adv. + 
Norse.] ‘vans. To bring up ‘by hand’, without 
the breast ; to play the dry-nurse to (/rt. and fig.) ; 
to ‘coach’ or instruct (a superior) in his duties. 

rs8r Ricu Farewell (Shaks. Soc.) 185 Her daughter. .she 
committed to the outlawes .. who .. promised to drie nurse 
the child so well as thei could till she should make retourne. 
1663 ButLer Hud. 1. ii. 168 As Romulus a Wolf did rear So 
he was dry-nurs'd by a Bear. 1767 Mrs. S. PENNINGTON Lett. 
1V.13 Around flexible pipe might be contrived for the feedin 
dry-nursed children. 1840 Marryat Poor Yack ii, She had 
dry-nursed a young baronet. 1862 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. 
x. iv. (1865) III. 246 Franz of Lorraine bears the title of 
Commander, whom Seckendorf is to dry-nurse. 
Wo tsecey Marlborough 1. 282 Some regular officers who 
had been selected .. for the purpose of dry-nursing their 
inexperienced colonels. 


Dry rot, dry-rot. 

1. A decayed condition of timber in confined 
situations, in which it becomes brittle and crumbles 
to a dry powder; caused by various fungi, esp. 
species of Polyporus and Merulius, or by slow 
chemical processes, Also applied to any fungus 
causing this. 

1795 (¢2¢/e) Some Observations on the Distemper in Timber 
called the Dry Rot. 1803 J. Parpwortu (¢it/e) An Essay 
on the Cause of the Dry 
Observations on the Cure of the Dry Rot, by the Ad- 
mission of Air into the Parts of Buildings affected with 
that Disease. 1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 337 Of para- 
sitical Fungi, the most important are those which are 
called dry rot. a1835 J. MacCu.tocn Proofs & Lllustr. 
Attrib. God (1837) 121 The far greater number of these 
imaginary cases of dry-rot are no other than this, the 
usual chemical decomposition of the hard vegetable fibre. 

2. fig. A state of hidden or unsuspected moral or 
social decay tending to disintegration. 

821 Examiner g1/t A species of political dry rot is 
oy the whole community. 1881 W. Pxivurrs in C. 

fartyn L/e (1890) 586 The dry-rot of legislative corruption. 

Hence Dry-rot v. /rans., to affect with dry rot. 
Dry-rotten ///. a., decayed with dry rot. 

1818 BentHam CA. Eng. 359 note, The more completely 
and notoriously dry-rotten the whole fabric, the more money 
would be called for.. for the support of it. 1870 Lowett 
Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 223 They are dry-rotting the 
very fibre of will and conscience. 1883 American VII. 4 
Swept away as incapable and dry-rotten, 

Dryry, obs. form of Dreary a. 

Drysalter (drai'sg:lta1). [app. f. dry salt, after 
salter.| A dealer in chemical products used in the 
arts, drugs, dye-stuffs, gums, etc. ; sometimes also 
in oils, sauces, pickles, tinned meats, etc. 

1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4352/4 John Lawford, late of Lon- 
don, Dry-Salter, 1745 De Koe's Eng. Tradesman iv. (1841) 
I. 25 A. B. was bred a dry-salter..As a salter A. B.. .under- 
stands very well the buying of cochineal, indigo, galls, 
sumach, logwood, fustick, madder, and the like. 1790 Sir 
W. Forpyce On Muriatic Acid 7 (T.), 1 heard by accident 
of a drysalter, who had acquired a great reputation and a 
large fortune from possessing a secret that enabled him to 
send out to the Indies, and other hot countries, beef and 
pork, in a better state of preservation than any of the trade. 
1828 Craven Dial., Dry-salter, a person dealing in various 
articles for dysing (act in pickles, according roy ts Todd), 
1848 ‘THackrray Van. Fair \xi, There was scarce one of the 
ladies that hadn't a relation a peer, though the husband 
might be a drysalter in the City. 1891 Latour Commission 
Gloss., Drysalter, one who deals in drugs, oils, potted 
meats, gums, etc. 1896 Kelly's P.O, London Directory 
1816 Drysalters. See also Dioeectta ic Whclansts 1 also 
Gum Merchants; also Indigo Merch ; also Merch 
— General ; also Oil and Color Men, 

Drysaltery (droi‘sg:lteri). [f. prec.+-¥: cf. 
grocery, etc.] A drysalter’s store or business ; the 
articles dealt in by a drysalter (sing. and /.). 

_ 1848 Dickens Do. xxiii, The smell of which dry-saltery 
impregnated the air. 1865 — Mut. Fr. 11. 189 A bunch of 
keys, commanding treasures in the way of dry-saltery. 1883 
Law Times 27 - 424/2 A general dealer, selling. .meat 
and drapery, as well as es, or as they are called dry- 
salteries, 1884 Pall Mali G. Extra 24 July 10/1 A collec- 
tion of drugs, drysaltery, and chemicals, 

Drysel, obs. form of Drizzue. 

Dry-shod (drai‘fpd), a. [= dry shoed, with 
dry shoes.] agg, one’s shoes dry; without 
wetting the feet. (With go, pass, walk, etc.) 

_ 1535 Coverpate Yosh, Contents iii, The people go thorow 
it drye shodd. ¢ 1586 C’ress Pemsroke P5. Lxvi. iii, Through 


ot in Buildings; with some | 


695 


Jordans streames we dry-shod waded. 1679 Drypen 7rotlus 
v. ii, And dry-shod we may pass the naked ford. 1808 
Scotr Marm. u. ix, Dry-shod, o'er sands, twice every day, 
The pilgrims to the shrine find way. 

b. attrib. qualifying 5 passage, etc. 

1813 Scorr 7rierm. i, A dry-shod pass from side to side. 

+ Dry'sne, v. Obs. [OE. drysnian, deriv. of 
*drus-, u-grade of *dreus-an, OE. dréosan to 
fall; cf. Drizzxx, in 6 drysel.] intr. To fall down, 
sink. Hence Dry‘snyng, falling, fall. 

© 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark ix. 46 Der wyrm hiora ne bid 
dead and bet fyr ne bid adrysned [Rushw. ne bid drysned]. 
a eat ¢" Alexander 3801 A litill drysnyng of dewe was 
droppid fra pe heuen, 

, obs. form of Dress v. 

Dryster (droista:). [f. Dry v.: see -ster.] A 
workman or woman employed in drying something. 

14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wilcker 692 Nomina artificium muli- 
erum..Hec siccatrix,adryster. _ 1483 Cath. Angl. 109 A 
A fen dissicator, -trix. a 1671 Lamont Diary 180 (Jam.) 
Old Robert Baillie being dryster that day, and William 
Lundy..measter of the mille. 1825 Jamieson, Dryster. 
1. The person who has the charge of turning and drying the 

in in akiln. 2. One whose business is to dry cloth at a 
leachfield. 1894 H. Sreicut Nidderdale 384 note, Throw- 
sters and.drysters were potters’ craftsmen, 
ryte : see DRITE. 

Dryth (droi}). Now only south. dial. Also 6-7 
drythe, drith(e, drieth, dryeth. [f. Dry a.+ 
-TH, after warmth, etc.] Dryness, dry condition. 

@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Li v, By 
heate of the sonne and drythe of the powdre. 1548 Upatt, 
etc. Erasm. Par. Mark xi. 20 By reason of the drieth of 
his bodye. 1610 W. FoikincuaM Art of Survey 1. viii. 15 
Moysture and dryeth, heat and cold. 1672 BLaGRrave 
Astrol. Physic 10 Agreeing with heat and drith. 1686 
Goap Celest. Bodies.1..ii. 3 Dryth and Moisture. 1711 J. 
Greenwoop Eng. Gram. 175 Dry'th. 1889 Temple Bar 
Feb. 178 (dia/.) “What the old man do want is nourishing 
food and dryth.’ 

b. Dry weather, drought. 

1571 Fortescur Forest 106b, Bee you well assured of 

greate drieth. 1610 G. Frercuer Christ's Vict. in Farr S. 


P. Fas. (1848) 53 But now for drieth the fields were all | 


undone. 1875 Sussex Gloss. s.v., Drythe never yet bred 
dearth. 1893 Q. [Coucn] Dedectable Duchy 294 The end of 
a week's dryth. 

+e. Thirst. Ods. 

1587 Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 137 The dropsy dryeth, that 
Tantale in the flood Endureth aye. 1587 M. Grove Pelops 
§ Hipp. (1878) 86 His dryth and thirst ne slakes. 

d. Drying. 

1881 Younc Every man his own Mechanic § 1588 To 
harden it and promote quick dryth. 

t, drytte : see Dritz, Daicutiy, 

Dry-vat: see Dryrat. 

Dryve, dryven, drywe, etc.: see DRIVE v. 

Drywery, dryworie, var. Drvrry, Obs. 

Dschikketai, dshiggetai : var. of DziccEtal. 

Dschin : see Jiy. 

| Dso. Zool. [Tibetan.] See quot. 

1882 Encycl. Brit. X1V. 197 (Ladak) Among domestic 
animals are the famous shawl goat.. the yak, and the dso, 
a valuable hybrid between the yak and common cow. 

D-string (distri:y). A/us. [See D I1.2.] The 
string sounding the note D on instruments of the 
violin class; in the violin the third string. 

1894 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 262 It sounds higher on the 
G-string than on,the D-string of a violin, 

*Dswounds: see ZouNnDs. 

Du, Se. and dial. form of Do zv. 

+ Durable,.a. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. L. du-o two: 
see -ABLE.] Divisible into two. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 58 Whatsoever is duable or 
e, 


triable, is fryable. 

Duad (di#%d). Also 8 duade, [ad. Gr. dvds, 
bvad-, ‘the number two’; prob. influenced by L. 
duo; the normal repr. of the Gr. is Dyap.] 

1. A group or combination of two; a couple, 
a pair. 

0 Stantey Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 378/2 The Duad is 
indeterminate ; Monad is taken according to equality and 


measure, ad according to excess and defect. 1752 
Harris Hermes u. i, (1786) 226 Avas évq, a known 
Duad, as Apollonius ex himself. Brppors 


Math, Evid. 133 Lord Monboddo .. reduces without hesi- 
tat the Greek primitives to the five duads already 
quot 2797 Monthly Mag. U1. 517 What the Pytha- 
goreans intended to signify by monad, duad, and triad. 
2848 G. A. Poot Eccl. Archit. Conteuts x, Three Duads of 
Ecclesiastical Builders. 1857 De Quincey Yudas /sc. VI. 
32 note, (Aaron) is blind; (Moses) isdumb, But, moving asa 
co-operating Duad, they become the salvation of 

2. Math. A combination of two things; a pair 
(considered without reference to the order of the 
two elements : e.g. ad and éa@ are the same duad). 
Hence Dua dica.,relating to or consisting of duads. 

1879 SyLvesterR in Amer. Jrni. Math, 11. 94 Duadic 
disyntheme, any bination of duads .. in which each 
element occurs twice and no oftener. 

Dual (di#-Al), a. (sb.) Also 6 douale, 7 duall, 
[ad. L. dud/-is containing two, f. de-o two: cf. F. 
duel, and see -At.] . adj. 

1, Ofor pertaining totwo. Dual number (Gram.), 
the inflected form expressing two or a pair. 

1607 Br. ANprewes Serm. II. 217 In the holy tongue, the 

which signifieth life is of the dual number. uy A. 
Bsproro Temple Mus, iv. 75 It ought to be read..in the 


DUALIST. 


Dual or Plural Number. 1876 


J. Parker Paraci 
The great dual law which makes 


2. 4 
Adam and beet. 


umanity, the land and the seas one globe. 

2. Com or consisting of two parts; two- 
fold, double. 

1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. / (1655) 7 His Majesty. .con- 


ducted her to Canterbury, where the was final 
.. From eee bis'nost Cook Sajear anh 
‘tldon's Register Aug. 3 Vhat 


— 

coach for White-hall. 1862 
in the dual life of man the working faculty should be mar- 
ried to intellectual beauty. x ‘Tynpatt Fragm. Sc. 

1879) II. vi. 79 Truth is often of a dual character. 1886 

‘all Mall G. 1 Dec. 3/1 They. . proclaimed it as their poli: 
to get rid of this ‘dual ownership ’ in the land. ae See 
News 15 Apr. 6/4 The skirt was dual, and rather 

B. sb. 1. Gram. ‘The dual number. 

i Reeve /ntrod. Grk. rhe ig? In the second and third 
duall, and in the second plurall. Coreriwce Table-t. 7 
July, It is very natural to have a dual, duality being a con- 
— uite distinct from plurality. Max Miter ~ 
Chips (1880) IIL. i, 3 Gothic. (where we still find a dual 
in addition to the singular and plural). 

+2. App. a name for the two middle incisor-teeth 
in each jaw. Oés. 

1541 R.Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. (1579) 18 Howe 
many tethe ought euery persone to haue?. .In pec is founde 
-xxxij .xvj. in euery Jawe. And in other is founde but 
[x]xviij. That is to wyt two douales two quadruples .vii| 
molares and two cassalles [ovig. L. duo duales: duo quad- 
rupli: et duo canini: et vili. molares et duo caysales). 

Dualie, obs. form of DWALe. 

Dualin (div Alin). Chem. Also -ine. [f. 
Dua. + -1N: in reference to the twofold combina- 
tion with nitre.] A powerful explosive consisting 
of 20 parts of nitre mixed with 30 of fine sawdust, 
and 50 of nitro-glycerin. Also dualin-dynamite. 

a 1874 Frul. Appl. Chem. (in Knight Dict. Mech, 1. 767} 
Dualine.. contains 30 to 40 per cent of nitro-glycerine mix 
with sawdust saturated with nitrate of potassia. Watts 
Dict. Chem. 3rd Suppl. 694 Dualin. 1884 Pall Mall G. 
6 May 8/1 One of the cartridges found last week under the 
Parliament buildings here [Toronto], has. .been found to be 
filled with dualin. 

i (di#*aliz’m). [f. Duan + -1sm: ef. F, 
dualisme (1755 in Hatz.-Darm.).] 

1. The condition or state of being dual or consist- 
ing of two parts; twofold division; duality. 

3831 Cartye Sart. Res. u. ix, In Teufelsdréckh there is 
always the strangest Dualism. — Diderot Misc. Ess. 
1872 V. FY Among the dualisms of man’s wholly dualistic 
nature, this we might fancy was an observable one. 1841-4 
Emerson Ess., Compensation Wks. (Bohn) I.41 An inevitable 
dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and 
suggests another thing to make it whole. 1877 E. Carp 
Philos. Kant ii. 12 A aeatioee between knowing and being, 
between the ‘me’ and the ‘not me’, 

2. Gram. The fact of expressing two in number. 

1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. vii. 276 We find many others 
[languages] in which the formal expression of plurality has 
never passed beyond that of dualism. P 

3. A theory or system of thought which recognizes 
two independent principles. sfec. a. Philos. The 
doctrine that mind and matter exist as distinct 
entities; opposed to sdéealism and materialism. 
b. The doctrine that there are two independent 
principles, one good and the other evil. ¢., Zheol. 
The doctrine, attributed by his opponents to Nes- 
torius, that Christ consisted of two personalities. 

1794 Matuias Pars. Lit. (798) 65 Then he introduces ., 
the two principles or dualism (a little more French jargon) 
the monde animé and the monde machine. 1836-7 Six W. 
Hamitton Afetaph. (1877) 1, xvi. 293, I would be inclined to 
denominate those who implicitly acquiesce in the primitive 
duality.as given in Consciousness, Natural Realists or 
Natural Dualists, and their doctrine Natural Realism or 
Natural Dualism. 1847 Bucn tr. Hagenbach's Hist, Doctr, 
I. 93 The Gnostic doctrine of two supreme beings (dualism), 
xaby Pusey Lect. Daniel (1865) 529 The characteristic error 
of the Zend religion, its Dualism, was its blot from the first. 
1872 Livvon “lem, Relig. iv, 148 Manicheeism was the 
Dualism which had acquired a Christian eine a com: 
into contact with Christianity. 1882 Farrar arly Chr. I, 
263 The dualism—the existence of matter as the source of 
evil apart from nds a distinct expression in 
Wisdom of Solomon. 1882-3 Scnary Encycl. Rel. Knowl. \. 

According to dualism existence itself is based on a con- 


669 
trariety which aj in phi y as spirit and matter. 

4. Chem. The theory, originate by Berzeli' 
now abandoned, that every compound is constitu 
of two parts which have opposite electricities. 

1884 Muir Princ, Chem. 1. it. iii. § oo discovery 
of the chloracetic acids which marks the beginning of the 
revolt inst the pound radicles of dual. 

Dualist (diaalist), [f. Duan + -1st; cf. F, 
dualiste.] 

1. One who holds a doctrine of dualism or duality. 

@ 1822 Suetiey Christianity Pr. Wks. 1880 II. 340 
Stoic, the Platonist, the Polytheist, the Dualist, and the 
Trinitarian. R. Batmer Lect. & Disc. I. vi. 305 For a 
certain portion of his life he was a dualist, a believer in the 
doctrine of the duality of persons in the Godhead. 1872 
Livvon Elem. Relig. iv. 149 We of this generation are not 


Se 
attrib, 1850 Dauseny Atom. The. i. (ed. 2) 49, When two 


kinds of matter shew an affinity one other, it is 
* cher ere yp Proves d ors 
called the Dualist sy » P ~but an 

imperfect i to the mind. 


+2. A holder of two offices. Obs. rare. 

a@ x66x Fuiter Worthies, Wilts 1, (1662) 154 He was a 
Duallist in that Convent (and if a no ingenious 
person would have envied him), . 


DUALISTIC. 


Dualistic (divilistik), a. 
F. dualistique.] : 

1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, dualism. 

r80r J. Jones tr, Bygge’s Trav. Fr. Rep. v. 106 He.. 
passed over Symmer’s theory [of scp mee or the dualistic 
system entirely. 1817 Coreripce Siog, Lit. 57 ‘The ad- 
mission of the dualistic hypothesis. 1876 E. R. LankestEr 
tr. Haeckel’s Hist. Creat. 1. ii. 33, In the usual dualistic or 
teleological conception of the universe, organic nature is 
regarded as the purposely executed production of a Creator 
working according to a definite plan. 1884 Muir Princ. 
Chem. 1, ii. ii. § 48 Berzelius raised the structure of dualistic 
chemistry, which asserted that every compound, whether 
simple or complex, must be constituted of two parts, of 
which one is purely, and the other negatively electrified. 
1885 J. Martineau 7yfes Eth. Th, (1886) I. 1. xi. § 8. 205 
The dualistic assumption .. of the mutual exclusion of ex- 
tension and thought. 1892 Westcorr Gosfel of Life 178 
From this source [Zoroastrianism] dualistic doctrines in- 
vaded the Christian Church in Gnosticism and Manichzism. 

2. Characterized by duality; dual. 

1832 Fraser's Mag. V1, 260 Consider them as the two 
disjointed Halves of this singular Dualistic Being of ours. 
1884 Muir Princ. Chem. i. ii. ii, § 48 All salts were to be 
regarded as dualistic structures. es 

Hence Duali'stically adv., in a dualistic manner; 
in accordance with duality. 

1857 De Quincey ¥udas Iscariot Wks. VII. 31 note, The 
two co-agents move in couples—move dualistically. Each 
is essential to the other. 188r Wittiamson in Nature No. 
618. 414 Each of them [compound atoms] was the smallest 
quantity of a compound, which .. could be represented as 
built dualistically of its constituent atoms. 

ty (diz liti). Alsodualty. [ad. F. dualité 
(14th c.), ad. late L. dudlitas, f. dualis Duat.] 

1. The condition or fact of being dual, or con- 
sisting of two parts, natures, ete.; twofold condition. 

e400 Zest. Love u. Chaucer’s Wks. (1561) 306 b/t This 
dualitie, after Clerkes determission, is founden in euery 
creature, bee it neuer so single of onhed. 1575 LaneHaM 
Let. (1871) 54 Wheat and barly, peaz and beanz, meat and 
drinke, tread and meat, beer and ale, appls and pearz. But 
least by such dualiteez I draw you too far: let vs heer stay, 
and cum neerer home. a 1619 Foruersy A theom. u. x. § 2 
(1622) 299 Dualitie is nothing but a composition of two 
vnities. 178x Cowrer Lett. (1887) 83 The solitude, or rather 
the duality of our condition, at Olney. 1887 Whitaker's 
Almanac 437 In the Austro-Hungarian empire duality ex- 
tends to the annual budget. 1892 Westcotr Gosfel of Life 
176 Zarathustra himself seems to have taught a certain 
duality in the one Divine Being. 

+2. The holding of two benefices together. Ods. 

1619 Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent (1676) 714 Plurality 
of Benefices is forbid, and dualty granted when one is not 
sufficient. b/d. 738. 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 
156 Dispensations given .. for non-residents .. dualities, 
trialities, pluralities. 1647 Sir J. BirkeENHEAD Assembly 
Man (1662-3) 8 He is not against Pluralities, but Dualities. 

Dualize (di#alsiz), v. [f. Duan+-1zE.] trans. 
To make or regard as two. Hence Ducalized 
pl. a.; Dualiza‘tion, the action of dualizing. 

1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIV. 550 The great unity of sensa- 
tion, that is, the state which prevailed anterior to the dual- 
ization of subject and object. 1856 R. A. VauGHan Mystics 
(1860) I. 111. iii. 295 zofe, It was feared that to represent God 
as the God oh Cieatinn and of Providence would be to 
dualize him. 1877 Fairsairn Stud. Philos. Relig. 33 Man 
had not learned to dualize his own being. 

Dually (di#-ali), adv. [f. Duan a.+-1y2.] In 
a dual or twofold capacity ; in the dual number. 

1650 Reeve /xtrod. Grk. Tongue 24 Dually and plurally 
they are declined like the Feminine Article. 1785 BuRKE 
Corr, (1844) III. 44 If, therefore, we do not resolve (. .if you 
and I dually do not resolve) to consult. 1881 19th Cent. 
Mar. 492 Hence it has followed that this great outside party 
«has come to be dually represented in the Lower Chamber. 

Duan (din). [Gael. dvan poem, canto, song. 
First used in Eng. in Macpherson’s Ossian, 1765.] 
A poem or song; a canto of an epic or long poem. 
378s J. Macpuerson Ossian II. 237 Cath-loda, Duan 1. 
(Note. The bards distinguished those compositions in which 
the narration is often interrupted by episodes and apo- 
strophes, by the name of Dudz). 1785 Burns Vision, Duan 
First. 1805 W. ‘Taytor in Aun. Rev. III. 281 His Diarmod 
and his Guare may stalk on the stage, or declaim in duans. 
1821 Byron }uaz wv. cxvii, Till what is call’d,in Ossian, the 
fifth Duan, 1893 H. WaLKER 3 Cent. Scot. Lit. I. 124 One 
epic poem of six duans or cantos, and another of eight. 

uan, obs. var. Dewan, DIvAN: so Dua‘nee = 
DEWANI; Dua‘nage, dewanship. 

1669 Lond. Gaz. No. 415/1 Carrying a Letter to the Duan, 

19766 Hist. Eur, in Ann, Reg. 29/1 The Duanage became 

d tothe Nabobship. 188 Jas. Mitt Brit. India 11. 
1y. i, 18 Appointed duan (or controller of the revenues) of 
Bengal. did. v. 213 The duanee, or collection, receipt and 
disbursement of the revenue. 

Duarchy (diz-aski). [f. L. duo (or irreg, f. 
Gr. 5vo) two, after monarchy, etc.] A government 
by two co-ordinate rulers ; a diarchy. 

1586 T. B. La Primanud. Fr. Acad. 1. 582 Properly called 
a Duarchie, which may continue so long as those two princes 
agree. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. mi. iii. § 3 A Duarchie in 
the Church .. being inconsistent with a Monarchie in the 
State. 1807 Rosinson Archeol. Grecau. iv. 144 That Sparta 
should be careful to preserve both her Kings, and not 
change the duarchy into a monarchy. 

So Du‘arch, one who shares rule with another. 

1848 Tait’s Mag. XV. 706 There will be duarchs for four 
P , triarchs for 12, tetrarchs for 48, and so on. 

Dub (dvb), sb.1 Sc. and north. dial. Also 6 
doubbe, dubbe, 6-7 dubb ; sce also Dis 50.3 [Of 
uncertain origin. 

Vou. III, 


[f. prec. +-10; cf. 


697 


It has been compared with Da. dyé adj. deep, sb. deep, 
abyss ; but this being a relatively recent repr. of ON. di, 
can hardly be connected.] 

1. A muddy or stagnant pool; a small pool of 
rain water in a road; a puddle. (Chiefly .Sz.) 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems xxxiii. 119 Thre dayis in dub 
amang the dukis He did with dirt him hyde. 1513 Doucias 
Aineis vit. Prol. 54 The..stretis.. Full of fluschis, doubbis, 
myre and clay. 1596 Datrymp-e tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. u. 
145 Ouir oan and dubis, sykes and seuches thay sould 
spang and leip. 1790 Burns Yam o' Shanter 81 ‘Tam 
skelpit on thro’ dub and mire. 1886 Srevenson A‘id- 
a Sard xxiv. 243 ‘ Here's a dub for ye to jump.’ 

. A deep dark pool in a river or stream (so7th. 
@ial.). 

1535 Stewart Cron, Scot. III. 264 Siclike the Scottis, 
on the tother syde, Arrayit war thair battell for to byde .. 
Ane mos also vpoun the tother syde, With mony dubbis 
that war bayth deip and wyde. 182g Brockett WV. C. 
Words, Dub, a small pool of water; a piece of deep and 
smooth water in a rapid river. 1883 Kendal Mercury 12 
Oct. 5/3 In the neighbourhood of Tebay salmon are in the 
various favourite dubs in immense numbers. 1886 Pad/ Mall 
G. 6 Oct. 4/1 During summer and when the water becomes 
low the fish congregate in deep ‘ dubs’. 

3. Comd.,as dub-skelper, one who runs through 
the ‘dubs’, ‘a rambling fellow’ (Jam.). 

1824 Scorr S?. Ronan’s xxviii, I'll warrant it’s some idle 
dub-skelper. .coming after some 0’ yoursells. 1825 Brockerr, 
Dub-skelper, bog-trotter ; applied to the borderers. 

+ Dub, 50.2 Angling. Obs. [f. DuB v.15.) An 
artificial fly: also deb-/ly. 

a 1450 Fysshynge w. Angle (1883) 6 How ye schall make 
your hokes of steyl & of osmonde som for pe dub & som for 
be flote. bid. 20 Yf ye se. .be trowyt or the graylyng lepe, 
angle to hym with a dub accordyng to the same moneth. 
1681 Cuetuam Angler's Vade-nt. ii. § 11 (1689) 12 Your line 
for Dub-fly, Cast-fly, or Artificial fly. 

Dub (dvb), 54.3 Also 6 dubbe. [Mainly ono- 
matopeeic (cf. db-a-dub, rub-a-dub) ; but having 
connexions with Dus z.2] 

1. A beat of a drum; the sound of a drum when 
beaten. Cf. Dus-a-Dus. 

¢ 1572 Gascoicne Fruits of Warre Wks. (1587) 113 They 
.. Who followe drummes before they knowe the dubbe. 1576 
Turserv. Venerie 140 That drummes with deadly dub, may 
countervayle the blast. 1710 E. Warp Brit, Hudibras 86 
Before the Masters of the Dub..Advanc'd a Red-fac’d 
squabby Fellow. 1816 Keatince 7rav. (1817) I. 321 The 
sullen dub of two drums beaten with crooked sticks. 

2. A blow struck as in drumming. rare. 

1664 Butier //ud. 1. i. 850 As skilful Coopers hoop their 
Tubs With Lydian and with Phrygian Dubs; Why may 
not Whipping have as good A Grace, perform'd in Time 
and Mood? 

8. A short blunt dull-sounding thrust or blow. 

1837 HawrtHorneE Twice-Told 7. Il. xix. 271 Jotting 
down each dull footstep with a melancholy dub of his staff. 


Dub (dvb), 56.4 Hast Ind. [Telugu dadda.] 
“A small copper coin, value 20 cash’ (Yule). 

1781 in Ld. Lindsay Lives Lindsays (1849) III. (Y.), The 
fanam changes for 11 dubs and 4 cash. 1791 J. ANDERSON 
Corr. 43 The Exchange 88 Dubs for one Rupee. 1858 
Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dub..a division of the rupee in 
Mangalore, also called dudu, equal to about 24d. 

Dub (dvb), v.! Forms: 1 dubban, 2-3 dubb- 
en, 3-5 dobb(e, 4-6 dubbe, 4 dube, 5 doubbe, 
dowbe, 5-6 doub(e, 5~ dub. [Appears in Eng. 
before 1100. Generally supposed to be from OF r., 
which had in this sense aduder (Ch. de Rol. 11th c.), 
adober, adouber, also (rarer, and app. only later) 
duber, douber. The OFr. word is Com, Rom., It. 
addobbare, OSp. and Pr. adobar, OPg. adubar ; its 
ulterior derivation is unknown. 

By Diez it was assumed to be of Teutonic origin : there is 
however no such Germanic verb as duddax to strike, and 
the Icel. and Sw. dudéa, cited in support of such, are really 
late words for ‘to dub a knight’, from Eng. or Romanic. 
EFris. dudden to strike, seems, like our Dus v.2, to be a 
recent onomatopceic formation. Even the relation of Eng. 
dub to the OF. word presents difficulties, since the latter 
would be expected to have been adopted as adud, which is 
not found till the 15th c._ Branch II is presumably an ex- 
tension of the same word, though some of the senses are 
vey remote, and are perh, affected by other associations. ] 

- To invest with a dignity or title. . 

1. trans. To confer the rank of knighthood by 
the ceremony of striking the shoulder with a sword. 
a. (with compl.) Zo dub (one) a knight (+10 a 
knight). 

1085-1123 O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1085, Se cyng.. 
dubbade Tis sunu Henric to ridere per. Ried Lay. aay 
r :. scalt .. to cnihte hine dubben. a@x300 A. Horn 447 

orn..pu schalt beo dubbed knizt. ¢1489 Caxton Sonmes 
of Aymon i. 31 The kynge Charlemayne..doubed hym 
to a knyghte. x59 Mirr. Mag., Dk. of Suffolk v, Whan 
my Kyng had doubed me a Knight. 1764 Footr Mayor of 
G. 1. 1, Has his majesty dubbed me a Knight for you to 
make me a Mister? 1865 Kincstey Herew. II. vii, 116 
Thou wast dubbed knight in this church, 

+ b. (with simple obj.) 72 dud (a knight, etc.). 

13.. K, Adis. 818 Dubbed weore an hundrud knightis. 
1380 Sir Ferumb. 1168 Charlis..him self me dobbede ri3t. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ® 693 The swerd that men yeuen 
first to a knyght whan he is newe dubbed. 1470-85 MAtory 
Arthur Contents xi. i, How .. a damoysel .. desyred syr 
launcelot for to come and dubbe a ényght. 1577-87 
Hotinsuep Chon. Il, 37/1, He dubd on saint Michaell the 
archangels daie thirtie knights. 1596 Spenser F, Q, vi. 
ii. 35 So he him dubbed, and hase did call. 6x7 in 
Crt. & Times Fas. I (1849) 1. 467 Sir John Smith. .was lately 


DUB. 


knighted ., Robin Hatton.. was likewise dubbed. 1685 
Lond, Gaz. No. 2031/1 [They] were Dub’d by his Grace with 
the Sword of State. 

2. To invest with a dignity or new title. (In later 
times often mockingly or humorously used.) 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 331 An abbot..of Scone, 
pat dubbid pe kyng. 1340 Cursor AM. 7328 (Fairf.) He 
sal be dubbed [earlier texts enoynted] king to be. c¢ 1400 
Melayne 304 Dubbe hym Duke in my stede. 1594 SHaxs. 
Rich. /1/, 1. i. 82 Since that our Brother dub’d them 
Gentlewomen. 1737 Pore Hor. Epist. 1. vi. 81 A Man of 
wealth is dubb'd a Man of worth. @1745 Swirr Wks, 
(1841) II. 76 The college .. has dubbed most of us doctors. 
1758 G. WasHINGTON Wit. (1889) II. 6 note, You are 
pleased to dub me with a title I toye no pretentions to— 
that is, ye Honble. 1865 Miss Brappon Only a Clod iv. 22 
They'd hardly dub you Esquire. 1893 Ci. Times 6 Oct. 
995/3 The marvel is that he was not dubbed F.R.S. 

3. To name, style, nickname; to speak of or set 
down as; now usually in pleasantry or ridicule. 

1599 Suaks. Hen, I’, 1. ii. 120 To dub thee with the name 
of ‘Traitor. 1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1, iv.175 The 
reading of homilies, which they dubb with the name of 
preaching. 1693 Hzmours §& Conv. Town 62 A Condemn- 
ing-Face..dubs any one an uncontrovertible Critick. 1713 
STEELE Englishm, No. 40. 260 A Cobler blacks a Boot .. 
and dubs it La Botte Royalle. 1773 Garrick Prol. to 
Goldsmith's Stoops to Cong., You.. Pronounce him regular, 
or dub him quack. 1 G. R. Sims in My First BR. 88 
Was I to be dubbed a scribbler ? 

II. To dress; to trim; to crop. 

+4. To dress, clothe, array, adorn. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 28014 Yee leuedis..studis hu your hare 
to heu, hu to dub and hu to paynt. cx3ag AMetr. Hom. 
(2862) 12 He. .schop him bodi of hir fleyse And dubbed him 
wit our liknes. a 1450 A/evander 3447 He gase..vp to pe 
gilt trone, Dobbed in his diademe & di3t as be-fore. 1570 
Levins Manip. 181/38 To Dub the house, erornare, putare. 

+b. To ‘stick’ (with ornaments). Ods. 

¢1400 Maunbev. (1839) xxii. 24 Covered..of Plate of fyn 
gold, dubbed with precious stones. ¢ 1400 Destr. 7 roy 6205 
A cloth all of clene gold, Dubbit full of diamondis. 

5. Angling. To dress or make up (an artificial 
fly), or to dress (a hook or line) z7¢/ a fly. 

a x450 /ysshynge w, Angle (1883) 33 Thyse ben the xij. 
flyes wyth whyche ye shall angle to pe trought & grayllyng, 
and dubbe lyke as ye shall now here me tell. 1675 J. Suivi 
Chr, Relig. App. 1.653 He who..dubbs his Hook with a 
counterfeit Fly, will chuse to fish in troubled Waters. 1799 
Sporting Mag. XIII. 31 Dubbed with bear's hair of a 
brownish colour. 1846 Blackw. Mag. LUX. 310 They could 
neither scour a worm..nor dub a fly. 

6. a. To cut off the comb and wattles of (a cock). 

1570 Levins Manip, 181/39 To Dubbe a cocke, coronare. 
1688 R. Hotme Armoury i. / 1828 Craven Dial. 
1871 Darwin Desc. Maz xiii. (1883) 403 Cock-fighters trim 
the hackles and cut off the combs and gills of their cocks; 
and the birds are then said to be dubbed. 

b. To trim or crop (trees, hedges, etc.). 

1634-5 Brereton 77azv. (Chetham) 73 The trees, which are 
now cut and dubbed. 1877 NV. IW. Linc. Gloss., Dubbings, 
evergreens with which churches and houses are decorated 
at_Christmas. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dub, to clip a hedge. 

7. To dress (cloth) see quot. 1847. Formerly, 
To ‘renovate’ old cloth or clothes: see DuBBER}, 

[ax4q00 Liber Albus ww. If. 337 a. (Rolls) 718 Item, qe nul 
face dubber ne fuller tielx draps, et les vendent pur novels. ] 
18or Chron. in Ann. Reg. 456 For dressing or dubbing 
cloths, either wet or dry, otherwise than by green cards 
and pickards. 1847-78 Hatiiwett, Dud, to strike cloth 
with teasels in order to raise the flock or nap. Glouc. 

8. ‘To place good wares in the upper part of a 
basket and inferior beneath; a term still in use in 
Billingsgate Market.’ Riley, Zeber Albus TI. 311, 

[1290 in Lider Albus mn. m1. (Rolls) 378 Et qe nulle soit 
des pessoners si hardi .. faucementz a douber lour panyers ; 
cestassavoir, mettre al desus panyer un demonstrance de 
convenable pessoun, et dessouthe en les panyers mettre 
pessoun desconvenable de poy de value.] 

9. To smear with fat or grease. Now sfec. to 
do this to leather. Cf. Duspine vl. sd. 4. 

¢ 1611 CuarMan //ad 1. 448 All, after pray’r..kill’d, flay’d 
the beeves, Cut out and dubb’d with fat their thighs, fair 
dress’d with doubled leaves. 1615 — Odyss. 11. 619 Apart 
flew either thigh, That with the fat they dubb’a, 1831 

. Hotranp Manuf. Metal 1. 162 Well dressed ox or cow 
eather .. when in use, is occasionally dubbed over with 
neat’s oil. 1866 RocEers Agric. § Prices 1. xviii. 398 Grease 
was needed for dubbing leather. fi 

O. To trim, or work level and smooth, with 
an adze. Also with off, down, out. 

171x W. SuTHERLAND Shipbuild. Assist. 160 To Dub; to 
work with an Addice. 1719 De For Crusoe t. iv, I had.. 
to cut down a Tree. .hew it flat on either Side with my Ax, 
till I had brought it to be thin as a Plank, and then dubb 
it smooth with my Adze. 1789 G. Keats Pelew /sl. 315 
Canoes made from the trunk of a tree dubbed out. 1812 
J. Smytu Pract. of Customs 234 A paling board .. slabbed 
or feather-edged and dubbed on the sappy side. 

11. To beat blunt or flat. 

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. V. 298/1 The end of the tube 
is bent and hammered over in any rough way to pass 
it through. .and is afterwards ‘dubbed’ or ‘tanged’. 

Dub, v.2_ [Known only since 1500: evidently 
onomatopeeic, imitating the sound, or suggesting 
the feeling of a firm blow or thrust with something 
blunt. Cf. EFris. ddden to butt, beat, strike.] 

1. ¢vans. To thrust : now implying a moderately 
firm blunt thrust or poke. +Formerly also, To stab 
as with a dagger; to bring down (a club) (0bs.). 

1513 Dovctas 4£neis tv. xii. 109 Or that Proserpine .. 
dubbit hir heid Onto the Stygian hellis flude of deid. c1s7a 
Gascoicne Fruites Warre Wks. (1831) 210 With - 

8 


DUB. 


dubd and doust to death. 1586 Warner 4/d. Eng. n. vii. 
(R.), He dubs his club about their pates. a 1659 CLEVELAND 
Gen. Poents, etc. (1677) 15 Women commence by Cupid's 
Dart, As a King hunting Dubs a Hart. 1836 E. Howarp 
R. Reefer xxxiv, Pigs .. were ..to be seen dubbing their 
snouts under the gunnel. 

b. zutr. To make a thrust or dab, to poke (at). 

1833 Marrvat P. Simple xv, The slightest mistake as to 
time .. and at this moment the flat would have been 
dubbing at our ugly carcasses. 1 Sir G. W. Dasent 
Vikings 11. 196 The flounders would now be dubbing at 
our limbs thirty fathoms deep. E 

2. Used intr. and trans. of the beating or sound 
of a drum. Also redupl. Dus-a-puB, rub-a-dub. 
Cf. Dus sb.3 

1588 T. Detoney 3 Ball, Armada u. iv. in Arb. Garner 
VII. 47 With trumpets sounding, and with dubbing drums. 
Ibid. 11, xiv. 50 The warlike Armie then stood still, and 
drummers left their dubbing sound. a 162g Frercuer Mad 
Lover 1. i, Now the drums dubbs. ; 

+ Dub, v.3 Ods. slang. [? corruption of Dup a. 
=doup.] 1. “vans. To open (a door). 

arjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v. Case, Tis all Bob, 
and then to dub the gigg. /did. s. v. Gigger., Dub the Gig- 
ger, open the Door with the Pick-lock, 1785 in Grose. 

2. To shut wf. 

812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Dub up, to lock up or secure 
any thing or place ; also to button one’s pocket, coat, etc. 

Dub-, in Comb. Chiefly dial, [cf. Duspen 4.] 
Having a blunt point. 

1706 FE. Warp Hud. Rediv. V1. vit. 12 A swarthy dub- 
nosed Fellow, With Cheeks like rusty Bacon, yellow. 1881 
Oxfordsh. Gloss., Dub-point, dubpointed, sb. a blunt point; 
adj. blunt at the point. [1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dub, a 
straight-edged, round-pointed, dinner-knife blade.] 

Dub, dube, var. of Doon, E. Indian grass. 

Dub-a-dub. [Echoic; cf. Dub v.2] The sound 
made in beating a drum: used, a. advb., or with- 
out construction, as a simple representation of the 
sound; b. as sd., to name the sound, or the drummer 
who makes it; and ¢@. as adj. to characterize it. 

1553 Upatt Royster D. w. vii. (Arb.)_ 74 Now sainct 
George to borow, Drum dubbe a dubbe afore, 1576 Gas- 
coicne Steele Gl. (Arb.) 67 When drums are dumb, and 
sound not dubadub. 1583 Stanynurst 4 veis vit. (Arb.) 
137 Lowd dub a dub taberipg with frapping rip rap of 
Etna. a1gg2 Greene Alphonsus Wks. (Rtldg ) 242 Hark, 
how their drums with dub-a-dub do come! 1608 Day //z1. 
out of Br. v. ii. (1881) 77 These drumming dub adubs loues 
pleasure feares. 1708 Morreux Radedais v. xviii. (1737) 81 
The Dub-o-dub Rattling of the Drums. 1878 StevENSoN 
Inland Voy, 86 Each dub-a-dub goes direct to a man’s heart. 

q Applied, by confusion, to the accolade given in 
conferring knighthood. 

1612 Fietp Wowtan a Weathercock 1, ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XI. 23 The dub-a-dub of honour, piping hot Doth lie upon 
my worship's shoulder-blade. 

So Dub-a-dub v. = Dus v.? 2. 

1598 Fiorio, Zambussare..to dub adub, to drum. 1851 
Blackw. Mag. Nov. 573 Trumpets and drums, blown and 
dub-a dubbed by fellows that..I would not trust [ete.]. 

Dubartas, -us, obs. var. Jubarres, a kind of 
whale. 

| Dubash (duba‘f). Last /ndies. Also 7 
deubash, g debash, dubashee. [ad. Hindi 
dibhashiya, dobashi, man of two languages, f. dd, 
di two + bhasha language.) An (Indian) interpreter 
or commissionaire, employed in transacting busi- 
ness with the natives, and as a cicerone, courier, etc. 

1698 Fryer Acc. E. Ind. & P. 30 The Moors. .not vouch- 
safing to return an Answer by a Slave, but by a Deubash, 
who is the Interpreter. 1776 in Gen¢d. Mag. (1792) 14/2 Two 
days before our arrival at Hyderabad, I sent my Dubash 
on before. 1814 W. Brown //ist. Prop. Chr. (1823) I. 198 
The rapacious dubashes denied them full payment. 1832 
Marryat XN. Forster xxxviii, By inquiry oft e dubashee. 
1845 Stocqueter Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 318 The 
dubashes, a superior sort of valet de place and cicerone. 

|| Dubba, dubber. Last /ndies. Also 7-9 
dupper, 8 duppa. [Arab., Pers., and Urdii a55 
dabbah vessel made of raw skins.] ‘A leather bottle 
or skin bag, used chiefly in India for holding oil, 
ghee, and other liquids, and capable of holding, 
according to size, from 20 to 8o lbs. weight’ 
(Simmonds Dict. Trade, 1858). 

1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 118 Their Butter. .afterit has 
passed the Fire, they keep it in Duppers the year round. 
1727 A. Hamivron New Acc. E. Ind. 1. 126 (Y.) Great Quan- 
tities of Butter, which they gently melt and put in Jars 
called Duppas. 1799 Ann. Reg, 26 A small quantity of 
wood-oil, contained in a dubber, or leathern bottle. 1845 
Napier Gen. Order in J. Mawson Ree. (1851) 35 (Y.) What 
became of these dubbas of ghee. 

Dubbed (dvbd), Api. a. 

1. Invested with knighth 

1552 Hutort, Dubbed, decuriatus. 1 
Eng. y. xxviii. (1612) 137 Lord of nine score dubbed 
knights. 173 Lett. fr. Fog’s P sae (1732) II. 257 A dubb’d 
Ple , Fortune's Fav'rite Fool, 125 Scotr Tadism. ii, 
A dubbed knight. 

2. Angling. Dressed, as a hook. 

a 1450 Fysshynge w. Angle (1883) 11 The dubbyd hoke. 

3. Cropped. ; 

By RERETON Trav. (Chetham) 44 Dubbed hedges. 

4. Blunted ; ae ee (Now dia!.) 

17..E, Smiru Compl. Housewife (1750) 8 The sous of the 
—- cock, when young, are short and dubbed. 1796 

rs. Giasse Cookery ii, 10 His spurs will be short and 
dubbed, 1825 Wiltsh. Words, Dubbed, blunt, pointless, 


f. Dus v.1 + -ED1,] 
, knighted. 
Warner Ald, 


698 


+ Dubber!. Oés. [a. OF. doubeur repairer, f. 
douber to trim, dress, repair: cf. Dus v.! 7.] 

A renovator of old clothes. 

(But the meaning in quot. 1415 is uncertain: some have 

jectured ‘ tri or binders of MSS. 

ae ae Albus 1. u. viii. (Rolls) 83 Et Paganus le 
Du , unus vicinorum, attachiatur pro morte illa, 
1240-1 /did. 1. 1. xxxviii. (Rolls) 103 Et ileeem Clericus, 
Dubbeour, et Thomas de Marisco..committantur gaol. 
1415 Liber Memorandorum A/Y \f. 129 b, in York Myst. 
Introd. 20 Que touz hosyers que vendront chauuces. .aueront 
la charge del pagyne de Moyses et Pharao..horspris les 
Dubbers et ceux que sount assignez a eux. 1415 Ordo 
paginarum ludi Corporis Christi Mf. 245 Ibid. 26 Escriue- 
ners, Lumners, Questors, bers. 

Dubber 2: see DubBa. 

Dubbil, -ble, -bul, etc., obs. forms of DouBLE, 

Dubbing, 2/. sd. [f. Dub v.1+-1nG1.] The 
action of the verb Dus}. : 

1. The conferring of knighthood; investment 
with a dignity or title. 

a 1300 K. Horn 438 Help me to knizte Bi al pine mizte, 
To my lord pe king, Pat he me 3iuedubbing. ¢ 1315 SHore- 
Ham 15 A prince longeth for to do The gode kny3tes 
dobbynge. ¢1440 Vork Myst. xxvi.7. 1586 Ferne Blas. 
Gentrie 152 The ordering of dubbings and creations of 
Knights or Esquires. 1611 in Gutch Collect. Cur. I. 101 
All Bachelor Knights of more puny dubbing. ca Mar- 
veLL Mr. Smirke 2 The Dubbing or Creating of Witts. 

+2. Attire, dress, array. Ods. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 28032 Quen pai see your dubbing ware 
(4e. attiring gear]. cx A. Davy Dreams 76 Bope hij 
hadden a newe dubbyng ; Hure gray was her clobing. 

3. Angling. The dressing of an artificial fly ; 
concr. the materials used in the process. 

1676 Cotton Walton's Angler 1. 300 To teach you. .of 
what dubbing you are to make the several flies. 1799 
G. Smita Laboratory 11. 290 The dubbing of the fur of 
a black spaniel. 1867 F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 214 
note, The dubbing. .of which the fly is composed. 

4. A preparation of grease for softening leather 
and rendering it waterproof. Also dubbin. 

1781 J. Riptey Orig. Lett. 23 Take currier's dubbing, and 
anoint his sores. 1819 Rees Cyc/. XX, The hide or skin is 
then conveyed to the shade or drying-place, where the oily 
substances are applied, termed stuffing or dubbing. 


tallow, brought to a soft plastic condition by being melted 
and mixed with cod-liver oil. 1896 Price List, Prout's 
Dubbin. 

5. a. Working timber with an adze. b. Dudbing- 
out (Plastering): see quot. 1842-76. 

1823 P, Nicnotson Pract. Build. 379 The expenses of 
dubbing-out. 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. Gloss., Dubbing-out 
. the bringing of an uneven surface in a wall to a plane, by 
pieces of tile, slate, or the like, before it is plastered over. 
¢ 1850 Rudim. Navig. 116 Dubbing, working with an adze. 

6. attrib. 

at [see 2]. a 1400 Octouian 1274 Seuen dayes ylyke 
hyt aoe The bredale and the dubbyng feste. 1864 Wes- 
ster, Dubbing-tool, a tool for paring down to an even 
surface. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 51, Lines, Fly Books, 
and Dubbing Books. 

Dubbler, var. DouBLEr. 

Dubbletie: see DouBLEJsEE, 

Du:berous, Du‘bersome, a. dial. or vulg. 
[Corruptions of DuBioes.] Dubious, doubtful. 

1818 Sporting Mag. 11. 17 They became a little duberous. 
1830 Gat Lawrie 7. 1v. x, The squire..was duberous if 
his charackter would serve. 1837-40 Hatisurton Clockm. 
(1862) 139 As if he was dubersome whether he ought to 
speak out or not. 1876 Hotanp Sez. Oaks xx. 277 ‘She 
was..a little dubersome about my coming to time.’ 1 
Botprewoon Robbery under Arms (1890) 109 That's what 
I'm dubersome about, — 5 

Dubie (dizbaitti), [ad. late L. dubietas, 
f. dubius doubtful: see -1ty.] The condition or 
quality of being dubions; doubtfulness, dubions- 
ness. b. An instance of this, a matter of doubt. 

¢ 1750 Ricnarpson (T.), A state of aubioky ond suspense is 
ever accompanied with uneasiness. 1766 W. Gorpvon Gen, 
Counting-ho. 32 So expressive,.as to admit of no dubiety. 
x8ar Lams Elia Ser. 1. /mperf. Sympathies, The twilight of 
dubiety never falls upon him. 1892 Stevenson Across Plains 
286 On one point there should be no dubiety. 

1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xx. 
279 Hume's account of his own dubieties. 1845 CartyLe 
Cromwell (1871) 1. 260 A terrible dubiety toritself and to us. 

Dubil, obs. form of DouBLE. 

Dubiosity (divbip'siti). [ad. L. type *dubis- 
sitas, {. dubidsus Dusious: cf. It. dudbbiosita.] 
= DusrousNess; with //., a doubtful matter. 

1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud, Ep. 1. v. 17,Men..swallow 
falsities for truths, dubiosities for certainties. 18a New 
Monthly Mag. 11. 299 The puzzles and the dubiosities of 
meaning. 1859 G. Merevitn R, Feverel 111. vi. 169 Dis- 
tinctly and without a shadow of dubiosity. 

Dubious (diz bias), a. [ad. L. dubids-us doubt- 
ful, f. dubium doubt, neuter of dubius doubtful.] 

1. Objectively doubtful; fraught with doubt or 
uncertainty ; uncertain, undetermined ; indistinct, 
ambiguous, vague. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. [V, 208 To abide the fortune 
of battayle, which is ever dubious and yne. 1662 
SritunGFL.Orig. Sacr. 1. iii. § 8 In what year of his raign, is 
very dubious, 1725 Warts Logic u. ii. § 8 Dubious hg 
positions .. are distinguished into probable, or improbable. 
1769 Rosertson Chas. V, ILI. vitt. 100 He joins a dubious 
friend against a known benefactor. 1813 Bussy tr. Lucre- 


: bia 1878 | 
Ure's Dict. Arts U1. 96 The dubbing .. is composed of | 


DUBITATION. 


b. Of uncertain issue or result. 
1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 181 The 
t was no lesse dubious than dangerous. TON 
. L. 1, 104 His utmost power .. oppos’d In dubious 
on the eav'n. 


3727-8 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Acid, Dubious or Latent 
Acids, are % “ 


é -brown hue, 1884 L. J. 
ENNINGS in Croker Papers 1. vi. 158 She had been absent 
rom England. .oftenti in very dubi P 1893, 

Bookman June 83/1 Having got into evil odour by their 

dubious gains. 

2. Subjectively doubtful ; wavering or fluctuating 
in opinion ; prepa, inclined to doubt. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 189 Though I 
beleeve..yet am I somewhat dubious in beleeving. 1710 
Norris Chr. Prud. vy. 220 Uncertain Ballanci and 
Fluctuations of a dubious Will. 1865 Miss Brappon Sir 
Yasper 1. ii. 40 [She] raised her eyebrows with a dubious ex- 
pression. 1874 Hetrs Soc. Press. xiv. 198 I followed them, 
dubious as to whether I should ultimately interfere. 

Du'biously, adv. [f. prec. + -ty%] In a 
dubious manner; with doubt, doubtfully, hesi- 
tatingly ; uncertainly, vaguely, ambiguously. 

1646 Six T. Browne Psenud. Ep. m. v. 115 Albertus magnus 
speaks dubiously .. but Aldrovand affirmeth plainly. 1708 
Swirt Predict. for 1708 Wks. 1755 I. 1. 152 To wander in 
| Spemeie and talk dubiously. i 


182x Byron Sardan, ui. i, 

ow Goes on the conflict? A. Dubiously and fiercely. 
Hotianp Miss Gilbert ii. 39 ‘1 don’t know where you will 
find it’, said the doctor, shaking his head dubiously. 

Du‘biousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The 
quality of being dubious ; doubtfulness ; doubtful 
character; uncertainty, ambiguity. 

165t R. Saunpers Plenary Possess. 3 All which par- 
ticulars..have difficulty and dubiousnesse in them. 1725 
Pore Odyss. 1. note (R.), She speaks with the dubiousness 
of a man, not the certainty of a Goddess. 1865 M. ArNoLp 
Ess. Crit. x. (1875) 411 The dubiousness and involved man- 
ner of the Greek. 1872 Geo. Etiot Middlem. \xxiii, The 
dubiousness of all medical treatment. : 

Dubitable (div bitab’l), a. [ad. L. dubitabilis, 
f. dubitare to Doust: see -ABLE, and cf. OF, 
dubitable.| Capable of being doubted; liable to 
doubt or question. 

1624 MippLeton Game at Chess ut. i. 265 The dubitable 
hazards Of fortune. 1657 Hawke Killing is M. 30 Aristotle 
makes it dubitable, and disputable, whether it is better to 
be Ruled by a good Law, or a good Man. 1704 Norris 
Ideal World 11. ix. 391 The consequence, which is the only 
dubitable one, is again proved by this enthymeme. 1893 
Nat. Observer 30 Sept. 515/1 To put into dubitable Frenc! 
what he might have said. .in indubitable English. 

Hence Du‘bitably adv., in a dubitable manner. 

1864 in WensTeR. b ‘ 

+Bubitancy. Oés. [ad. L. *dubitantia, f. 
dubitare to Doust: see -ancy and cf. OF, dudbi- 
tance.| Doubt, hesitation, uncertainty of opinion. 

1648 Hammonp Serm. on Rom. iv, 25 Wks. 1 V. 505 
They are ., without all dubitancy pees Ar that all the joys 
of Heaven are forfeited by this choice. WooprkEap 
St. Teresa 1. Pref. 3 A certain knowledge, free from all 
dubitancy, of his Presence. 

Dubitant (disbitant), a. (sd.) [ad.L. dudbitant- 
em, pres. pple. of dubitare to Doust: see -ANT.] 
Doubting ; having doubts. aéso/. One who doubts. 

18x Blackw. Mag. 1X. 39 Why art thou..to be less 
dubitant and circumlocutory? 1821 Craic Lect. Drawing 
ii. 87 Let the dubitant take a pi fin eee ae 
1871 Lytton Coming Race x, male is a shy and dubi- 
tant creature, 19th Cent. Oct. 680 The Church militant 
rather than the Church dubitant may hold sway. 

Dubitate (diwbite't), v. rare. Uf. L. dubitat-, 

pl. stem of duditare to Doust.] intr, To doubt, 

esitate, waver. zl 

1837 Cartyte Fr, Rev. IL. 1. vi, If..he were to loiter 
ee not come. Maupstry chgerr et ae 
vii, 312 If it were some great thing concerning Ww! 
dubitated and wavered. 

Hence Du'bitating, v/, sb. and ffi. a. ; Du'bi- 


¢ 1480 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc. 
mee hath ..seyn, ffeythfull 
tacion. 1570 Bucuanan C. e 
eon ..eftir sum dubitatioun come to 
¢ 1645 ee a Lett. lev. aay It at Ti. a v.: 
A atesion ta the basisuiiant = > Y 
Exam. \. i. (1740) 28 Lest the Author should thiate himself 
affronted by this Dubitation coaching his Story, 1814 
Scorr Wav. xli, da shadow Serer Gebitactn 
Spectator 14 Mar., assertion, made no dubitation 
or reserve. : z 
b. 1548 Jove Exp. Dan, xii. (R.), The trewe inuocacion of 
t 


A hieant, 


tius Life, The faint and dubious rays P lar light. 
1868 Stantey Westm, Abbey iv. 350 A dubious honour. 


hei haue it into a dowtfull 
e. Hooker Pref. Pordage’s Mystic 
Div. 99 Altercations, di dubitations of, in 


‘ 


DUBITATIVE. 


and about Mystic Theologie. 1837 Cartyte 7. Rev. III. 
vu. vii, In the wreck of human dubitations, this remains in- 
dubitable, that Pleasure is pleasant. 
Dubitative (dizbitetiv), a. [ad. L. dudita- 
tiv-us (Tertull.) doubtful, f. dudétdre: cf. F. dubi- 
tatif (13-14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] Inclined or 
given to doubt ; expressing doubt or hesitancy. 
161g [implied in DuprrativEty]. 1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyc/., 

Conjunctions dubitative, those which express some doubt, 
or suspension of opinion.—as, 74 1859 Gro. Exior A. 
Bede \iii, Turning his head on one side in a dubitative 
manner, raf Jessore Arcady 49 Your old Arcadian’s style 
of talk is full of doubts; it is what may be called the dubi- 
tative or approximating style. 

b. adsol. A word or phrase expressing doubt. 

1835 Sourney Doctor III. xcii. 176 Some one has said 
that the Devil's dubitative is a negative. 

Dwhbitatively, adv. [f. prec.+-ty2.] Ina 
dubitative or doubting manner ; doubtingly. 

1615 Sir E, Hosy Curry-combe iii. 121 This is the exposi- 
tion..so dubitatiuely propounded by the Interpreters them- 
selues. 1858 CartyLe /redk. Gt. vi. ix. 11. 131 The Reichs- 
hofrath dubitatively shook its wig, for years, 1889 F. 
Barrett Under Strange Mask |. vii. 107 ‘H’m—yes’, said 
I Sabiarively. 

Duble, Dubler, Dublet, obs. ff. Dousxs, etc. 

+ Dubment..Ods. rare. [f. DuB v.1+-ment: 
cf. adubment.| Dubbing, adornment, array. 

13.. £. E. Allit. P, A, 121 The dubbement dere of doun 
and dalez, | 

Duboisine (dizboi'sain). Chem. [see -1NE.] 
An alkaloid obtained from the Australian solan- 
aceous shrub Dudotsta myoporioides, having quali- 
ties similar to those of atropine and hyoscyamine. 

1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Dubul, dubylie, obs. forms of DouBLr. 

Due, obs. form of DuKE. 

Ducal (dizkal), a. (sb.) Also 5 dueall, 7 
duckal. [a. F. ducal (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) = 
It. ducale, Sp. ducal, ad. late L. ducal-ts, f. duc-em 
(dux) leader, DuKE.] Of, pertaining to, or charac- 
teristic of a duke or dukedom (also, of a doge). 

In quot. 1626=Of the party of the Duke (of Buckingham). 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 374 The bezaunde imperiall is 
worth .]. ducates, and the ducall bezaunde is worth .xx. 
ducates, 1626 Crt. § Times Chas. I (1848) I. 106 Some say 
J Lord of Suffolk having given his proxy to my Lord of 

alden, his eldest son, and now, finding him ducal, hath 
revoked. 1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2099/4 The Crest is a 
Griffins-head between two Wings, coming out of a Duckal 
Coronet. 1731 Swirr On Pulteney 10 Produce at last thy 
dormant ducal patent. ag BiackstoneE Covmt. (1793) 
106 Jersey, Guernsey, Sark, Alderney ..are governed 
by their own laws, which are for the most part the ducal 
customs of Normandy. 1841 W. Sratpinc /taly § Jt. 
Isl. I. 216 The Ducal Gallery of Florence. 185: RusKIN 
Stones Ven. (1874) I. i. 17 The Ducal Palace of Venice. .is 
the central building of the world. 

b. Of the rank or bearing the title of duke. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 11.138 The offices .. are here- 
ditary to the ducal families of Ancaster and Norfolk. 

e. Ducal mantle, (a) the official robe of a duke ; 


(6) Conch, a species of mollusc, Chlamys pallium. 

1776 Da Costa Conchol. 292 The Ducal Mantle Escallop. 
1819 in Pantologia, 1823 in Crass Technol. Dict. 

+B. sb. See quot. Ods. 

I x CuamBers Cycl., Ducals, the letters patent 
granted by the senate of Venice are called ducals. 

Ducality (diskzliti). Aemorous. [f. prec. + 
-iry.] Ducal rank or character; concr., a ducal 
personage; the ducal order. 

1847 Lp. Hovcuton in Life (1890) I. 399 The German ducal- 
ities go to Granada. 1848 /é/d, 408 Disraeli made an 
excellent use. .of the ducality of his friend. 1891 Pictorial 
World 7 Mar. 307/2 The Ducality was in high good humour. 

Duweally, adv. [f. as prec.+-Ly?.] In a 
ducal manner; as a duke. 

1823 Rutrer Fonthill p. xxii, A lion rampant, Argent, 
ducally crowned, Or. ; 

Ducape (dizké-p). [Origin unascertained.] 
*A plain-wove stout silk fabric of softer texture 
than Gros de Naples. 

Its manufacture was introduced by the French refugees of 
1685.’ Beck, Draper's Dict. 

1 Puituips (ed. 4), Ducape, a certain kind of Silk used 
for Womens Garments. 1 Hoime Armoury ut. 98/1 
Womens Hoods..made of.,Sarsenet, Ducape, Vinian hohe 
net, Persia. .Silk. 1773 Frankuin Lett, Wks. 1887 IV. 477, 
I have had it worked up..into a French grey ducape. 1842 
Penny Cycl. XXII. 12/1 Persian, sarsenet, gros-de-Naples, 
ducapes, satin, and levantines are .. plain silks, which vary 
from one another only in texture, quality, or softness. 

Ducat (dv kat). Forms: 4 duket, 5 dokett(e, 
ducatt(e, 5-6 doket, duckett(e, 5-7 dukat, (6 
ducade), 6-7 ducate, duccat(e, duckat(e, 6-8 
ducket, 5— ducat. [a. F. ducat (1395 in Hatz.- 
Darm.), ad. It. ducato (12th c.), in late L. ducatus 
Ducuy, also name of a coin, f. L. dx DUKE.] 

1. A gold coin of varying value, formerly in use in 
most European countries; that current in Holland, 
Russia, Austria, and Sweden being equivalent 
to about 9s. 4d. Also applied to a silver coin 
of Italy, value about 3s. 6d. 

Used as the name of a silver coin issued in 1140 by 
Roger II of Sicily, as Duke of Apulia, bearing the inscrip- 
tion R DX AP, ie. Rogerus Dux Apuliz; according to 
Falcone de Benevento ‘monetam suam introduxit, unam 
vero, cui Ducatus nomen imposuit’ (Du Cange, s.v.), In 


699 


1202, it appears (Pappadopoli, Monete di Venezia, 1893, 81) 
as the name of a Venetian silver coin, usually known as the 
grosso. In 1284, the first gold ducat, also called zecchino 
d’oro, was struck at Venice under the doge John Dandolo. 
This coin, worth about gs., bears on one side figures of 
St. Mark and the Doge, and on the other a figure of Christ 
with the legend ‘Sit tibi Cfiriste datus quem tu regis iste 
ducatus ’; this, though it did not originate, may have con- 
tributed to spread the name, which was subseq. applied to 
the gold coins of various European countries. 

1384 Cuaucer H. Fame i. 258 As fyne as ducat [7.77 
doket, ducket] in venyse. 1387 Trevisa Higdex (Rolls) VI. 
259 A duket pat is worby half an Englisshe noble. 1477 
Paston Lett. No. 804 III. 204 In mony he brengyth with 
hym an hundred thowsand dokets. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 
vi. clix. 148 A dukat is of sondry valuys, but y? leest in value 
is .iili.s.iil.@. ob. & the best .iiil.s. vii.d. 1547 BoorpE /utrod. 
Knowl. xxx. (1870) 199 In golde they [Castilians] haue 
duccates and doble duccates. 1555 EDEN Decades 176 ‘The 
double ducades whiche yowre maiestie haue caused to bee 
coyned, are disparsed throughowte the hole worlde. 1596 
Suaks. Merch. V. 1. viii. 15 Two sealed bags of ducats, Of 
double ducats. @ 1618 Rateicu Reve. (1644) 199 This Ducket 
currant for three ounces in Barbary, was then worth in 
England seven shillings and six pence. 1727-51 CHAMBERS 
Cyc. s.v., The chief gold ducats now current, are, the single 
and double ducats of Venice, Florence, Genoa, Germany, 
Hungary, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Flanders, Holland, 
and Zurich. 1823 Craps Zechnol. Dict. s.v.. Vhe Dutch 
ducats, which are reckoned the purest gold, are about gs. 6d. 
sterling. 1835 Burnes 7vav. Bokhara (ed. 2) II. 363 A 
Persian ducat now bears the value of nine kurans, or rupees. 
1858 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. u. xiv. I. 189 The latest existing 
representative of the ancient Gold Gulden is the Ducat, 
worth generally about a Half-sovereign in English. 

A money of account in the Venetian 
republic. Oéds. 

1611 Coryat Craudities 286 Now whereas the Venetian 
duckat is much spoken of, you must consider that this word 
duckat doth not signifie any one certaine coyne. But many 
severall pieces do concurre to make one duckat, namely six 
livers and two gazets. 1638 Roserts Alerch. Map of Com- 
mercein Halliw. Shaks. V. 323 At Venice there were two 
sorts of duccats, the one currant in payment, which may 
bee valued ster. about 3s. 4d., and the other of banco, which 
may be valued about 4s., or 4s. 2d. 

2. loosely. A piece of money ; f/. Money; cash. 

1775 SHERIDAN Duenna u. iv, I shall be entitled to the 
girl's fortune, without settlinga ducat on her. 1853 WHYTE 
MevviLite Digby Grazd vi. (Farmer) From spendthrift King 
John downwards, the Christian has ever pocketed the 
[Jew’s] ducats, and abused the donor. 1895 Cornh. Mag. 
Aug. 174 Holmes was likewise out of ducketts. : 

3. Ducat gold, fine gold; also applied to 
gilding of a brilliant colour. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII, 7 The garmentes were 
powdered with castels, and shefes of arrowes of fyne doket 
gold. Jdid. 80b, On their faces visers, and all the berdes 
were fine wyer of Ducket gold. 1808 R. K. Porter 77av. 
Sk. Russ. § Swed. (1813) I. iv. 29 The spire of this edifice is 
. gilt with ducat gold. 

Ducatoon (dvkitén), Also 7 ducaton, 
ducattoon, -oun, 7-8 duccat-, duckatoon. [a. 
F. ducaton ‘a small duckat, or halfe duckat’ 
(Cotgr.), ? ad. It. ducatone (not in Florio) augm. 
of ducato (being a bigger coin than the gold ducat, 
Della Crusca): see prec. and -oon.] A silver coin 
formerly current in Italian and some other European 
states,worth from 5 to 6 shillings sterling. 

1611 Coryat Crudities 285 The greatest [Venetian silver 
coin] is the duckatoone, which containeth eight livers, that 
is, sixe shillings. This piece hath in one side the effigies of 
the Duke of Venice and the Patriarch. .and in the other the 
figure of St. Justina. @ 1659 CLEVELAND Gen. Poevits (1677) 
40 What mean the Elders else, those Kirk Dragoons, Made 
up of Ears and Ruffs like Ducatoons? 1672 Perry Pod. 
Anat. 385 Weighty plate pieces, together with ducatoons, 
making about three quarters of the money now current in 
Ireland. 1704 Royal Proclam. 18 June in Lond. Gaz. No. 
4029/1 Duccatoons of Flanders, Twenty Peny-weight and 
Twenty one Grains, Five Shillings and Six Pence. 1727-51 
Cuamsers Cycl., Ducatoon, a silver coin, struck chiefly in 
Italy; particularly at Milan, Venice, Florence, Genoa, Lucca, 
Mantua, and Parma; though there are also Dutch and 
Flemish ducatoons..There is also a gold ducatoon, struck 
and current chiefly in Holland. 1827 De a aA Murder 
Wks. 1862 IV, 19 He had possessed himself of a ducatoon. 

Duce, obs. form of Deuce. 

+ Ducenarious, @. Obs. rave—°. [f. L. duce- 
narius, £. duceéni two hundred (each).] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Ducenarious, pertaining to two 
hundred. A 

|| Duces tecum (diz‘szz ti#kym). Zaw. [Latin 
phrase; more fully sed pana duces tecum, ‘ Under 
penalty thou shalt bring with thee’.} A writ 
commanding a person to produce in court specified 
documents or other things which are in his custody, 
and are required as evidence. 

1617 Minsueu Ductor, Duces tecum, is a Writ command- 
ing one to appeare at a day in the Chauncerie, and to bring 
with him some peece of euidence, or other thing that the 
Court would view. 1658 in Puittirs. 1715 Amer. State 
Papers Misc. (1834) 1. 682. 

uch(e, obs. forms of Duron. 

Duchepers, -peiris, corrupt ff. Douzermrs. 

+ Du'chery. Ods. Also 5 douch-, dowch-. 
[app. f. duché, earlier form of Ducuy + -ERyY, q.v.] 

1. The domain or territory of a duke; = Ducuy. 

2a1400 Morte Arth. 49 He doubbyd hys knyghtez, Dyvy- 
syde dowcherys and de! 

‘oilj3ear 936 Appeirand air To twa Douchereis. 1494 
Fasyan Chron. vit. 455 Charlis de Bloyes made his clayme 
to that duchery by tytle of his wyfe. 1536 BrELLENDEN 


te in dyverse remmes.. ¢ 1475 Rauf 


DUCHY. 


Cron. Scot. (1821) 11. 291 To have the empire of Ingland, 
with the duchery of Normandy. 

2. A duke’s rule or term of office. 

1387 Trevisa Higden v1. v. (Yollem. MS.), The fourtenthe 
yere of his duchery. /é/d. (Rolls) VII. 119 A 3ere_of his 
ducherie. 1494 FaByAn Chron, vi. ccvii. 220 ‘The vii. yere 
of his dowchery, he went to Iherusalem. 

Duchess (dz'tfés). Forms: 4-6 duches, 4-7 
duchesse, (5 ducesse, dochesse, duchez, dukes, 
6 dutches, Sc. duiches), 6-9 dutchess, 6- 
duchess. [a. F. dachesse (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) 
ad, late or med.L. ductssa, f. dux (duc-) : see DUKE. 
The spelling dztchess was usual till ¢ 1810.] 

1. a. The wife or widow of a duke. b. A lady 
holding in her own right a position equal to that 
of duke. 

Grand (tGreat) Duchess, the wife of a Grann Duke, q.v. 

13.. Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 2465 Arpurez half suster, pe duches 
do3ter of ‘l'yntagelle. ¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2122 
Ariadne, Myn dere herte, Of Athenys duchesse[zv.7”. ducesse, 
duches]. /é7d. 2127 Al softely systyr myn, quod she, Now 
be we duchessis bothe I and 3e. 1447 BokENHAM Seyntys 
(Roxb.) 145 Aftyr the dochesse of York clepyd Isabel. ¢ 1475 
Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 792/4 Hee duxissa, a dukes. 1529 Act 
a1 Hen. VIII, c. 13 § 28 Any Chaplaine of any Duchesse, 
Marquesse, Countesse, Vicountesse, or Baronesse. 161 
Suaks. Hen. V///, 11. iii.38 What thinke you of a Dutchesse? 
Haue you limbs ‘lo beare that load of ‘Title? 1701 Act 12 
& 13 Will, II’, c. 2 § 1 Princess Sophia, Electress and 
Dutchess Dowager of Hannover. 1756-7 tr. Aeysler’s Trav. 
(1760) II. 2 Vhe public audiences are given by the great 
dutchess. 1779-81 Jounson L. 2., Pofe Wks. IV. 74 To 
display the Dutchess of Marlborough under the name of 
Atossa. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 344 A court of de- 
missions was held in the names of the duke and duchess. 

2. transf. +a. Lady (as feminine of lord). Obs. 

1393 Lanci. P. PZ. C. 11. 33 Ich am hus dere douheter, 
duchesse of heuene. c1485 Dighy AZyst. m1. 515 A dere 
dewchesse, my daysyys Tee! 1513 Brapsuaw St. Wer- 
burge 1. 2183 A duches of vertue as whylom was Delbora. 

Jig. ¢1430 Lypc. Alin. Poems 173 (Mitz.) Prynce ! re- 
membre... Howe vertue is of vices a duchesse. 

b. slang. A woman of imposing demeanour or 
showy appearance. [Cf. F. duchesse.] 

arjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Rum-dutchess, a jolly 
handsom Woman. 1773 Gotpsm. Stoops to Cong. u, This 
Stammer in my address. .can never permit me to soar above 
the reach of .. one of the Duchesses of Drury-Lane. 1895 
Westm. Gaz. 9 Oct. 8/1 The dissemination of those articles 
of apparel amongst ‘factory ladies’ and the elderly ‘duch- 
esses ’ of Chevalierland ! 

3. A size of roofing slate, of 24 by 12 inches. 

1823 P. Nicnotson /’ract. Build. 396 Countesses are in 
size the next gradation above ladies ; and Duchesses still 
larger. 1851 Offic. Catal, Gt. E.xhib. I. 141 From ‘ladies’ 
(16 inches by 8) to ‘ duchesses’ (24 by 12), the slates are sold 
per thousand (of 1200 slates), 1883 [see CountTEss 2]. 

4. attrib, and Comd., as duchess-gentlewoman, 
-regent ; duchess-like adj. 

1824 Miss Mitrorp /7/lage Ser. 1. (1863) 52 Her beauty 
is duchess-like. 1826 W. E. Anprews --vam. Fox's Cal. 
Prot. Saints 47 The cause for which the priest-knight and 
the duchess-gentlewoman suffered was one and the same. 
1871 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. 1V. xviii. 178 An honourable 
embassy was sent to the Duchess-Regent in Normandy. 

Hence Du‘chessship, the rank or personality of 
a duchess; Du'chessy a@., collog., like or of the 
nature of a duchess ; abounding in duchesses. 

1607 Cuarman Bussy D’ Ambois Plays 1873 11. 29, I would 
haue put that proiect face of his ‘'oa more test than did her 
Dutchesship. 1819 Wonthly Mag. XLVIII. 415 His Prince- 
ship and her Princessship ; his Dukeship and her Duchess- 
ship, may also find a place in his crabbed vocabulary, if he 
prefer it. 1870 Contemp. Rev. X1V. 486 ‘ Lothair’ has been 
called a ‘duchessy’ book. 1887 Sims Mary Fane's Ment. 
49 A handsome nose that made her look duchessy. 

Ducht, pa. t. of Dow v.1 

Duchtie, -y, Sc. forms of Doucuty. 

Duchy (dv't{i). Forms: 4-5 duche, -ee, 4-7 
-ie, (5 dwche, -ie), 5-6 duchye, 6-8 dutchie, 
-y, 6- duchy. [a. OF. ducheé, later duché, fem. 
(12th c. ducheté, duceé in Hatz.-Darm.), and later 
OF. duché masc. ‘The former represents a L. type 
*ducitat-em Aukeship; the latter is = Pr. ducat, 
It. ducato, Sp. ducado:—late L. ducatus territory of 
a duke; f. L. dux, duc-em leader, DuKE.] 

1. The territory ruled by a duke or duchess. 

1382 Wycuir Ned. v.18 The 3eris frutis of my duchie alg. 
annonas ducatus mei) 1 sozte not. 1393 Lanci. P. Pl. C 
Iv. 245 A kyngdome oper duche May nat be sold sobly. 
c1400 Maunpev. (1839) i. 7 He holdeth..of the reme of 
Roussye a gret partie, where-of he hath made a Duchee. 
1568 Grarton Chron, II. 291 The French king should 
clerely geve unto him all the Duchy of Guyan.. And that 
king Edward .. should freely holde and _occupie the sayde 
Duchie. 160r R. Jounson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 105 
The Pope hath the cittie of Rome..the Dutchie of Spolet. 
1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) IV. 157 The dutchy of 
Carniola. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. 1. 1v. 396 Otho 
..had erected his duchy into a kingdom. 

b. In Great Britain, applied to the dukedoms of 
Cornwall and Lancaster (the two earliest in 
England) vested in the Royal Family, and having 
certain courts of their own, in which respect they 
differ from ordinary peerage dukedoms. 

1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 229 Kyng edward made 
of the erledome of cornewayle a duchye. 1553, etc. Duchy 
of Lancashire [see CHANCELLOR 4]. 1645 Sir R, GREENVILLE 
in Clarendon Hist. Reb, 1x. § 104 The Revenue of his Dutchy 
of Cornwal. 1703 Act 1 Anne Stat. 1. c. 7 § 5 iene the.. 

8*—2 


DUCIBLE. 


seals of the duchy and palatine of L ter. 1895 
Whitaker's Almanack 157 Duchy of Lancaster .. Duchy of 
Cornwall. [With a List of Officers of the two Duchies.] 

e. A district between London and Westminster 
forming the precincts of the Duchy House of 
Lancaster. 

1626 Crt. § Times Chas. 1 (1848) 1. 154 St. Clement's parish, 
the Strand, the Duchy, with the Savoy, have caused a riot. 

2. attrib. a. generally, as duchy rights; + duchy- 
peerage, a dukedom. b. sfec. Of or relating to 
the duchies of Cornwall and Lancaster ; as duchy 
land, manor, tenement (one held of the crown in 
either of these duchies); duchy-chamber, the 
court-room at Westminster.of the duchy-court of 
Lancaster, held before the chancellor of the Duchy 
(see CHANCELLOR 4), or his deputy, having equit- 
able jurisdiction over lands holden of the Crown 
in right of the duchy; duchy-house, the official 
London residence of the Chancellor of the Duchy. 

1555 Act 2 & 3 Phil. & Mary c. 20 § 5 The Fermes Rentes 
Suytes and services .. aunsweryd and paide in the Court 
of the Duchye Chambre at Westminster. 1607 Duchy court 
{see CHANCELLOR Sd. 4]. 1609 Crt. & Times Fas. [ (1849) 1. 
too The two chancellors of the exchequer and duchy keep 
residence here in town: of which the last hath been. .driven 
from the duchy house to Lambeth by the plague. 1653 Man- 
Love Lead Mines 193 The Dutchie Court (if just cause be) 
May yield relief against those verdicts three. 1659 Aush- 
worth's Hist. Coll. 1. 149 (Title of Act 21 Jas. I. c. 25) An 
Act for relief of Patentees, Tenants, and Farmers of Crown- 
Lands and Dutchy-Lands. 1672 Leycester Hist. ,Antig. 
1. iv, The dutchy office at Gray’s Inne in London. 1705 
Ibid. No. 4132/4 Exposed to Sale, a Dutchy Tenement.. 
being parcel of the Dutchy Manour of Trematon, and part 
of the Ancient Dutchy of Cornwall. 1750 Carte //ist. 
Eng. 11. 445 To shew his title to the Dutchy-peerage of 
Bretagne. 1768 BLAckstone Comm. ul. vi, The court of 
the duchy chamber of Lancaster is another special jurisdic- 
tion. 1814 Lysons Cornwall vii, The tenants of the 
duchy manors are either free tenants, or conventionary or 
customary tenants. 


+ Ducible, @. Ods. [ad. med.L. diicibilis, f. 
dicere to lead.]_ a. That can be led; tractable. 
b. Able to be drawn out; =DvcrTILe 1. 

1633 I. Apams E-xf. 2 Peter ii. 2 Here is a ducible disposi- 
tion. .that will follow upon the least hint. 1657 TomLinson 
Renou's Disp. 427 Silver is easily ducible and liquescible. 

Duck (dvk), s.! Forms: a. 1 duce, 4 duk, 
5- duck (5 dukke, 6 ducke). 8. 4-5 doke (5 
dooke, 6- Sc. duke, duk, duik (deuk). . 4-5 
douk, 5-6dowk. [OE. duce (? duce), from u- (or 
i#-) grade of *diican to Duck, dive ; cf. Da. duk-and 
lit. dive-duck (and =duck), Sw. dyk-fdgel lit. dive- 
fowl, diver; and the synonyms under Ducker }, 

The phonological history presents some difficulties, esp. 
owing to uncertainty whether the OE. vowel was % or #, 
and the development of the three ME. types: dukke, duk, 
corresp. to mod. duck; ddke, dook, corresp. to mod. Sc, 
duik \diik); douke, dowke. Cf., for the forms, Brook v. 
and Dove; and see Luick, Untersuch. zur Engl. Laut- 
geschichte (1896) §°388, 553-] 

I. Primary sense. 

1. A swimming bird of the genus Amas and 
kindred genera of the family Anatide, of which 
species are found all over the world. 

Without distinctive addition or context, the word is applied 
to the common domestic duck, a domesticated form P the 
wild duck or MaAttarp (Anas boscas). The other species 
(about 125 in number, distributed among some 4o genera) 
are distinguished by adjuncts expressing colour, appearance, 
or habits, as d/ack, brown, crested, dusky, fishing, grey, 
little, oo noisy, painted, pied, red-headed, 
ring-necked, ruddy, sleepy, swallow-tailed, tufted, velvet, 
whistling, white-faced duck, etc.; habitat, as channel-, 
creek-, mire-, moss-, mountain-, river-, rock-, sea-, shoal-, 
surf-, tree-, wood-duck; native region, as American, 
English, French, German, Labrador, Norway duck , or by 
more distinctive words as Canvas-BAck-, CUTHBERT-, Erppr-, 
Harvequin-, Heratp-, Marpen-, MAnpvarin-, Muscovy- 
or Musk-, Musset-, Penouin-, SquaM-puck, etc., q.v. in 
their alphabetical places. In its widest technical sense, the 
name includes the gadwalls, garganeys, golden-eyes, pin- 
tails, pochards, scaups, scoters, sheldrakes, shovellers, 
spoonbills, teal, whistlewings, widgeons, and other related 
groups; the geese and goosanders, though Anatidz, are 
not ryt ? sti nies ; 

a in Kemble . Dipl. No. 538. II. 18 Andlan 
Osrices pulle pet hit cymp on ducan seape ; of ducan of 
pact hit cymp on Rischale. 1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. xvi. 62 
A-syde he gan hym drawe Dredfully .. as duk [7.7.5 MSS. 
doke] doth fram pe faucoun. ¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum 5 Henne- 
ban sede duckys wylle kylle. 1483 Cath. Ang?. 110/2 A 
Dukke, avas. 1530 Patscr. 215/2 Ducke a foule, canne. 
Duke of the ryver, cannette. 1564 J. Rastete ay 39 
Fewell’s Serm. 37 b, Heis more neerer a ducke then a duke. 
1610 Suaks. Temp. u1. ii. 136 Though thou canst swim like 
a Ducke, thou art made like a Goose. 1699 D. 


art AMPIER Voy. 
Il. 11. 69 Whistling Ducks are somewhat less than our 
Common Duck..In flying, their Wings make a pretty sort 
of loud whistling Noise. 1845 Hirst Poems 162 Brooding 
black-duck from her nest of turf In the tall sedge. 1847 
Carpenter Zool. § 455 The Eiders are the largest of all the 
Ducks, being as weighty as the ave eese. 

collective pl, D. Mansaeneuer Sten, Ex-Min, (1884) 
IL. 145 It would do for firing into a flock of duck. 

B. 1362 Lancu. P. Pl. A. v. 58 He schulde..Drinken 
bote with pe Doke [So B. v. 75. 1393 C. vir. 174 douke] 
and dyne but ones. cxg00 Lanfranc's pirure, ‘eunes, 
goos, and dokis. 14.. Lat. & Eng. Voc. in -Wiilcker 
73 Anas, a doke. c1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Dooke, 

tde (X. doke), anas, wat Bk, St. Albans Dij b, Tame 
kes, /bid, F vj, A lyng of Dokys. 1g00-20 Dun- 


700 


Bar Feuzeit Friar 119 Thre dayis in dub amang the dukis. 

1549 Compl. Scot. vi. ‘The dukis cryit uaik. Siz 
. Gorvon Hist. Earls Sutherland, draig, idgeon, 

teale. .and all other kinds of wildfowl. (Mod. ¢. duik.) 

y- 1398 [see B.] 1502 ARNoLDE Chron, (1811) 84 Swannes, 
gies, or dowkes. 

b. sfec. The female of this fowl : the male being 
the Drake. 

In thed ic state the females greatly din b 
hence duck serves at once as the name of the female and of 
ees Saks Sieg, 5 eee ee ae 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Miller's 7. 39° Thanne shal I swymme 
as myrie..As dooth the white doke after hire drake. ?¢ 1475 
Sgr. lowe Degre 320 The tele, the ducke and the drake. 
z Fitzners. Hush, § 146 Take hede how thy hennes, 
duckes, and gees do ley. 1» Ray Willughby's Ornith. 


1. iv. § 1. 380 Between the Duck and the e there is 
this difference, that he hath growing on his Rump certain 
erect feathers..which she hath not. J/od. A flock of ducks 


swimming behind their drake. 
ec. The flesh of this fowl. 
ot oe Nat. Hist. (1776) V1. 111 Plutarch assures 
us, that Cato kept his whole family in health, by feeding 
them with duck wh they th d to be out of order, 
d. Antig. (More fully duck-weight.) A stone 


| or clay figure of a duck used as a weight in ancient 


Assyria and Babylonia. 
[1849 Layarp Mon. Nineveh Ser. 1. 21 A duck, in baked 


| clay, with. .a cuneiform inscription. .The letters may denote 


anumeral.) 1853 — Nineveh § B. xxv. 601 note, The actual 


| weight of the large ducks in the British Museum being 


| players at the distance of a few paces. 


Bk. Sports & Pastimes 255 The P 


480 oz. troy. 

2. In phrases and proverbial sayings. 

1611 Cotar. s. v. Apprendre, (An idle, vaine, or needlesse 
labour) we say, to teach his grandame to grope ducks. 
a 1656 R. Carpet in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. ix. 18 Money, 
which lying long in the bank, comes home at last with 
a duck in its mouth. 1863 Kincstey Water Bad. 188 
Then he. .turned up his eyes like a duck in thunder. 
J. Payn Confid. Agent IL. 161 Look less like a duck in a 
thunderstorm. 1889 L. B. WaLrorp Stiffnecked Genera- 
tion (1891) 321 It had all passed off like water off a duck's 
back. 1 Astiey 50 Y. of Life I. 22, I always took to 
shooting like a duck to water. [‘ Duck’s weather’, ‘fine 
day for ducks’, referring to wet weather.) 

II. Transferred uses. 

3. A term of endearment. 

1590 SHAKS. Mids. N. v. i. 282 O dainty Ducke : O Deere! 
1607 MippLEton Fam. of Love 1. iii, And now, sweet duck, 
know I have been for my cousin Gerardine’s will. a 
Heywoop Caftives 1. iii, For see you not too women 
daynty ducks! 1840 Dickens Old C, Shop xi, How is he 
now, my duck of diamonds? 1880 Spurceon Serm. XXVI. 
46 Her child..was so much her ‘duck’ that he grew up to 
be a goose. 

4. Short for dame duck: see 9. 

5. Anglo-Ind. slang. A nickname for soldiers o 
the Bombay Presidency. : 

1803 ExpiinsToNE in Sir E. Colebrooke Life (1884) [ 's 
(Y. Supp.) They have neither the comforts of a Beng 
army, nor do they rough it, like the Ducks. 1879 Low 
Afghan War i. 97 The ‘Ducks’ (as the Bombay troops 
are called) enjoy it much. 


boy’s game, also called duckstone, duckie- 


stone; also one of the stones used in this game, 
and sometimes a player. 

18ar Blackw. Mag. Aug. 32 (Jam.) The duck is a small 
stone placed on a larger, and attempted to be hit off by the 
1888 ELwortuy 
ame. 1893 Cassedl's 

yers [at ickstone] 
then, standing at home, ‘pink for duck’, that is, they 
throw their stones towards the block, and he whose stone 
remains farthest from the block is first duck, 

7. Cricket slang. (Short for Duck’s EGG). No 
score, nought; also, a ee who fails to score. 

1868 St. Paul's Mag. in Daily News 24 AUR You see.. 
that his fear of a ‘duck ’—as by a pardonable contraction 
from cae a nought is called in cricket-play—outweighs 
all other earthly considerations. 1880 Daily Tet. 24 Sept., 
Life is very much like cricket : Some - scores and some 
‘aduck’, 1885 Adin. Daily Rev. 17 Aug. 3/5 The former 
bag! a duck. , 

tal. and slang. (See quots.) 

1873 Slang Dict., Duck, a bundle of bits of the ‘ stickings’” 
of beef sold for food to the London poor. A faggot. 1876 
Mid. Yorksh. Gloss., Duck, a eer ohne 

9. Lame duck: a disabled person or thing: 
spec. (Stock Exchange slang): one who cannot 
meet his financial engagements ; a defaulter. Also, 
short, duck. 

1761 H. Watrotr Lett. HW. Mann 28 Dec. 
Do know what a Bull, and a Bear, and a 


W. Somerset Word-bk., Duck, a 


1843) I. 60 
- Duck 


| are? 1971 Garrick Prol. to Foote's Maid of B., Change- 


Alley bankrupts waddle out lame ducks! 1806-7 J. Beres- 
rorD Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xu. xviii, precsce Soab iy 
Stock-exchange on settling-day amidst the quack 

the bellowings of Bulls, and the wis of Bears. 1832 
Macautay Mirabean Misc. 1860 II. 95 Frauds of which a 
lame duck on the Stock exchange would be ashamed. 1889 
C. D. Warner Little Yourn, xvii, Do you think I have 
time to attend to _— poor duck ? , 

0. Bombay duck = BuMMALO. 

1860 Mason Burimah 273 (Y.) A fish nearly related to the 
salmon is dried and exported in quantities from Bom- 
bay, and has acquired the name of Bombay Ducks. 1879 
F. 5. Brivces ound World in 6 Months 214 ‘ ba: 
Ducks’ are always served with curry. ‘These are smal ( 
dried fish of a peentee flavour, and are quite dry and crisp. 

TIL. attrib. and Comd. 


ll. a. attrid., as duck-dance, -gun, -house, -pond; 


pool, -puddle, ‘tribe, 'b. objective and obj. genitive, 


as duck-decoying, -fattener, -fattening, -hunter, 


| oyster shells. 


-hunting, -heeper, -rearer, -rearing. ©. similative, 
as duckh-foot, -tail; -footed, -hearted, -like, -toed adjs. 
1884 Mag. of Art Feb. 143/2 Indulging in a most 
fl inctiecn: ant Alicemuar er Saks 3 Moat 
readers of sporting books have some idea of *duck- i 
Westm. Gaz. 9 May 3/1 *Duck fatteners have to 
highly for sittings of eggs. 1725 De For Voy. round Wi 
(1840) 350 They killed more fowls..of the *duck-foot kind. 


1813 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 85 I left my *duck gun 
ar went to Whitchurch, REENER Sc. Canney abe 
Never make duck-guns al seven-eights in the bore. 


1699 Damrier Voy. (1729) II. 1. 45 Like so many *Duck- 
ira, _— and pe 175° Sag of Addison's Wks. 
(Jod.) unting, w! r. compares to it. 

iii, had never been ook 


ucHes Tom Brown u. iii, 


. Gaz. No. 3175/4 Mr. 
Webbs, the *Duck-keeper in St. James's Park. bas Pe 


pond 
1601 Memorials of St. Giles’s, Durham (Surtees 
castinge of the *dooke poole and for dammynge water 
at giles bridge—xxd. 1893 Sivcrair & Henry Stwimemeii 
(Badm. Libr.) 337 Harrow .. Its swimming-pond, name 
the ‘*duck-puddle’, is one of the finest open-air baths in 


England. 

13. Special comb. : duck-chicken, one hatched 
by ahen; duck-gravel (see quot.) ; duck-ladder, 
a kind of short ladder; duck-legged a., having 
unusually short legs: so duck-legs; duck’s-off, the 
game duck or duckstone ; duck-oil, water, mois- 
ture (Halliwell) ; duck-shot, shot of a size suit- 
able for shooting wild ducks; duck-weight=1 d; 
duck-wife,a woman who has charge of ducks. Also 
Duck AND DRAKE, DuCK-BILL, Duck’s BILL, EGG. 

1678 T. Jones Heart & Right Sov. 201 Neither under- 
stood the other no more than “duck-chickens their hen-dam, 
recalling them from connatural element. 1885 Daily News 
14 July 2/2 *Duck-gravel, a deposit like p , into 
which the ducks push their bills. Every ducker’s place has 
a lump of this duck-gravel, a coralline stuff. .like little 
Law Times Rep. XLIX. 139/ft He 
took a shorter ladder (called a *duck ladder) and placed 
this duck ladder against the roof. 1650 Bu-wer Anthro- 
ess 263 Or, why so long, doe they make men *Duck- 

leg'd? 1714 tr. Adv. Rivella 45 Conscious of his duck Legs 
and long Coat. 1» W. Irvine Knickerb. (1861) 187 A 
little duck-legged fellow, was equipped in a pair of the 
general’s cast-off breeches. 1888-9 Longm, Mag. XIII. 
516 Another [game] named ‘ *ducks-off * consisted in setting 
on a large flat stone a round stone..which from a certain 
distance one strove to knock off. Brackmore Lorna 
D. x, She counted them like a good *duck-wife. 

b. Esp. in names of animals and plants: duck- 
ant, the white ant or termite; duck-eagle, a 
South African species of eagle; duck-mole, the 
Duck-billed Platypus; duck-mud, Crow-silk ; 
duck’s foot, a local name of Lady’s Mantle; also 
the American May-apple, Podophyllum peltatum ; 
duck-snipe (Bahamas), the willet, Symphemia 
semipalmata; dack-wheat = Duck-BILL wheat ; 
Also DucK-HAWK, -WEED, etc. 

1851 Gosse Nat. in Yamaica 283 A fragment of the earthy 
nest of the *Duck-ants (Termites). 1731 Meptey Kolben's 
Cape G. Hope 11, 136 There is another sort of eagle in the 
Cape countries which the naturalists call Aguila anataria, 
or the *Duck-Eagle, 1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. & Darw. 
237 The Ornithorhyncus, or *duck-mole of ‘Tasmania. 
1884 Mitier Plant-n., *Duck-mud, conferva rivularis and 
prego erty + med 75s ee 

foot, eroot,or Mayapp! 1 R. rouge, 
pies ai wheat ; called by Kentishmen, *Duckewheat. 

Duck, si.2 Also 7 douke. [f. Duck 2] An 
act of ducking. 

1. A quick plunge, a dip. 

1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) 
basins. .not large any sg 

n. 


I. 156 note, Two singular 
for any ‘monare bigger than 
1876 orld NV. No. 113. 18 The 


Oberon to take a duck 
with a few di as the 


ld 
peo break over them. 
2. An instantaneous lowering of head or body; 


a rapid jerky bow or obeisance. 


1554 T. Sampson in St Eccl. Mem 11. App. xviii. 46 
The fond nods, crosses, ks, and ducks. Minton 
Comus 960 Without duck or nod. @ 1652 Brome New Acad. 


1. Wks. 1873 IL. 19 Be ready with your napkin, and a lower 
douke, Ba | vice Lane ee Woodvid n. Wks. 612 The ducks, 
and nods Which weak minds pay to rank. 1879 S. Sr, Joun 
Life Sir ¥. Brooke 268 The ball rushing over our heads, 
sed a most undignified duck. 


, 


duk. 
1. A strong untwilled linen (or later, cotton 


pi. : 
‘niversal Ng T’ Tsawa in | 
whee one 1829 Miss Shee boy By nh ete. % r. Sams 
Page el) hg 
Gyone lennis’s white ducks. 


DUCK. 


3. attrib. and Comb. 

1745 Gentl. Mag. 485 Coopers, duck-weavers, hemp- 
dressers. Morse Amer. Geog. I. 403 There is a duck 
manufactory at Boston. 1849 THackEeRAy Pendennis xxxvi, 
Ina blue frock-coat and spotless white duck trowsers. 

Duck (dvk), v. Forms: a. 3-5 (.Sc.6) duke, 4-6 
douke, 5-6 (.Sc.and north. dial. -9) douk,dowk(e, 
6 (Sc. 7-9) dook; 8. 6 ducke, (dokk), 6- duck. 
[The ME. forms (= dik), correspond to an OE, 
type *diican = MDu., MLG. and LG, dithen (Da. 
duiken), OHG. téhhan, MHG. tichen, G. tauchen, 
a WGer. strong vb. of 2nd ablaut series (with 7 
instead of ez, 7 in pres. stem). ‘This form is still 
preserved in Sc. douk, dook (duk) ; but about the 
middle of the 16th c., it was shortened in Eng. 
to duck, prob. by assimilation to Duck 54.1 Cf. 
however MHG. and Ger. ducken (MHG. also 
tucken, tiicken) to duck, dive, etc. :—*dukjan ; also 
Sw. dyka to duck, dive.] 

I. intr. 1. To plunge or dive, or suddenly go 
down under water, and emerge again; to dip the 
head rapidly under water. 

¢1340 Cursor M. 23203 (Trin.) He pat doukeb ones per 
doun. a@x1400-5s0 Alexander 4090 It was..bred full..Of 
dragons. .& doukand neddirs. 1481 Caxton Reynard Arb.) 
60 They conne wel also duke in the water after lapwynches 
and dokys. 1552 Hutoret, Ducke vnder the water, vide 
in dyue. 158: Marsecx Bk. of Notes 182 The outward 
sacrament of dipping or ducking in the water. 1652-62 
Heyin Cosmogr. iv. (1682) 7 Though (td avoid their Darts) 
he sometimes ducked, yet held he still his left hand above 
the water. 1855 Rosinson Whithy Gloss., To Douk, to 
bathe or plunge under water, to duck. 1890 Sfectator 
g Aug. 167/2 It [a torpedo] will be able ‘to duck’ under 
the defensive nettings carried by men-of-war. J/od. Sc. To 
dook for apples at Hallowe'en. 

b. To make a sudden descent or dive, not under 
water. 

1513 Dovuctas 4inezs v. xiii. 126 Quhill all the wallis 
doukis to the ground, Wndir the braing quhelis and asiltre. 
@ 1851 Moir Poems, Snow ii, Behold the trees Their fingery 
boughs stretch out..As they duck and drive about. 18 
Dickens £, Drood iii, Receiving the foul fiend, when he 
ducks from its stage into the infernal regions. 

2. To bend or stoop quickly so as to lower the 
body or head; to bob; to make a jerking bow; 
hence, fig. to cringe, yield ; so, to duck under. 

1530 Pasar. 526/1, I dowke, I stowpe lowe as a frere doth. 
1535 Coverpate Ecclus. xix. 24 A wicked man can behaue 
himself humbly, and can douke with his heade. _ 15; 
Surrender of Monasteries in Rymer Federa (1710) X1V. 
611 Dokkyng, Nodding and Rackvice: 1599 Nasue Len- 
ten Stuffe (1871) 89 Douking on all four unto him. 1630 
Lennarp tr. Charron’s Wisd. (1658) 73 To duck and stoop 
to all sorts of A ee ti 1713 Pore Guardian No. 92 ® 5 
He never once ducked at the whiz of a cannon-ball. 1869 
Browninc Ring § Bk. vit. 1407 Law ducks to Gospel here. 
1872 Geo. Evior Middlem. (1878) I. m1. 352 Eat cold mutton, 
have to. .duck under in any sort of away. 1887 Besant The 
World went vy. 42 [1] was comforted to see the men at 
the guns, none of them killed, and none of them ducking. 

II. zrans. 3. To plunge (a person or thing) 
momentarily 27, zo, or «der water or other liquid. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 23203 He that es duked ans dun. c 1450 
Henryson Mor. Fab. 27 In the water either twyse or 
thryse Hee dowked him. 1553 No¢e in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 
266 Ducked at yardes arme, and so discharged. 1582-8 
Hist. Fames VI, (1804) 105 They were dukit in a deepe 
loche, ouer the head thrie seueral tymes. 1598 Stow Surv. 
xi, (1603) 95 Ouerthrowne, and well dowked. 163x RutHer- 
ForD Lett, (1862) I. 78 Howbeit, ye may be ducked, but ye 
cannot drown. 1751 in Hone £very-day Bk. I. 1045 A man 
and woman are to be publicly ducked at Tring. 1785 
Burns Jolly Begg., 4th Recit., And had in monie a well 

en dooked. 1790 A. Witson To E. Picken Poet. Wks. 
(1846) 109 While I can douk in ink a quill. 1820 Scorr 
Abbot ii, I say, duck her in the loch, and then we will 
see whether she is witch or not. 

4. To lower (the head, etc.) suddenly and mo- 
méntarily ; to jerk down. 

1598 E. Gitrin Skial. (1878) 57 But bring them to the 
charge, then., Though but a false fire, they theyr plumes 
will duck. 1617 Markuam Cavad. 11. 81 If..he haue taken 
a custome to duck downe his head, when he standeth still. 
1727 Swirt To Delany 3 When. .first he hears The bullets 
whistling round his ears, Will duck his head. 1884 GiL- 
— Mongols 240 We. .ducked our heads, and hurried into 
the tent. 

5. Duck up (Naut.): To raise with a jerk, haul 
up (a sail that obstructs the steersman’s view). 

Be Puitues s.v., ‘Duck up the Clew-lines of those Sails’. 

uck, obs. form of Dukr, Tuck. 

Duck and drake. [from the motion of the 
stone over the watery surface.] 

a pour consisting in throwing a flat stone 
or the like over the surface of water so as to cause 
it to rebound or skip as many times as possible 
before sinking. Chiefly in phr., o make a duck and 
drake, to play (at) duck and drake. (Often in Fa 

1583 J. Hicins tr. Junius’ Nomenclator (N.), Akind of sport 
or play with an oister shell or stone throwne into the water, 
and making circles yer it sinke, etc. It is called a ducke 
and a drake, and a halfe-penie cake. ¢1626 Dickof Devon. 
1, ii. in Bullen O, Pé, Il. 14 The poorest ship-boy Might on 
the Thames make duckes and drakes with pieces Of eight 
fetchd out of Spayne. 1730 Swirt_ Vind. Carteret Wks. 
1755 V. 1. 188 Scipio and Lelius ..often played at duck and 
drake with smooth stones on a river. 1829 Nat. Philos., 
Hydrostatics i, 2 (U. K. S.) The common play of making 
ducks and drakes, that is, throwing a flat stone in a 


701 


direction nearly horizontal against a surface of water, and 
thus making it rebound, proves the water to be elastic. 1 
P. Pariey’s Ann. U1, 15 A shot made a duck-and-drake in 
the water. 

b. attrib., as duck-and-drake fashion, sort. 

1858 A. W. Drayson Sfort. S. Africa 304 Sometimes with 
a duck and drake sort of progression they [fish] skipped 
along over the top of the pool. 1893 Boy’s Own Paper Jan. 
183/2 A cannon ball .. came Skipping at a long range over 
the water ‘duck and drake’ fashion. 


2. fig. In phrases: Zo make ducks and drakes of | 


or with, to play (at) duck and drake with: to 
throw away idly or carelessly; to play idly with ; 
to handle or use recklessly ; to squander. 

¢ 1600 7%0on v. v, I willmake duckes and drakes with this 
my golde.. Before your fingers touch a piece thereof. 1768- 
74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) I. 164 A miser has it in his 
power to make ducks and drakes of his guineas. 1810 
Wettincron in Gurw. Desf. VII. 32 His Majesty's 
Government never intended to give over the British army 
to the Governors of this Kingdom to make ducks and 
drakes with. 1872 ‘Tennyson Last Tournament 344 Ye .. 
grew So witty that ye play’d at ducks and drakes With 
Arthur’s vows. 1883 SteveNSon 77eas. /s/. 1. vi, Finding 
the money to play duck and drake with ever after. 

b. Idle play, reckless squandering. 

1614 J. Cooke 7x Quogue in Hazl. Dodsley XI. 212 This 
royal Cesar doth regard no cash; Has thrown away as 
much in ducks and drakes As would have bought some 
50,900 capons. a1678 Marvett Poens, Char. Holland, 
Nature.. Would throw their land away at duck and drake. 

Hence Duck-and-drake v. /yams.,» to make 
“ducks and drakes’ of; to throw away idly. 

1700-32 Gentl. Instructed 18 (D.) I would neither fawn on 
money for money’s sake, nor duck and drake it away for a 
frolick, /é/d. 116 Is it then no harm..like children, [to] 
duck and drake away a treasure able to buy Paradise ? 

Duckat, duckatoon, obs. ff. Duca, etc. 

Du'ck-bill, sd. [f. Duck sd. + Bit 5.2] 

a. Red wheat ; more fully duck-d21/ wheat. 

1556 Witnats Dict. (1568) 20a/1 Ador, is also an other 
kinde of wheate..whiche we doo nowe call duckbill. 1597 
GERaArRDE Herbal t. xl. § 5. 60 Red Wheate is called in Kent 
Duckbill Wheate. c1680 Enquiries 2/2 Wheat—Square 
gray with ailes, otherwise called Dunovex, Duck-bill Wheat, 
and Duke wheat. 1832 Veg. Subst. Food 32 The cultivation 
of.. Duck-Bill, or Conical-Wheat—Triticum turgidum—has 
been attempted in England. 

b. The broad-toed shoe worn in the 15th c. 

1834 Prancuk Brit. Costume 202 When men became tired 
of these pointed shoes .. they adopted others in their stead 
denominated duck-bills. 

e. = Duck-billed platypus: see below. 

1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 28/1 Ornithorhynchus, Blumen- 
bach’s name for that extraordinary quadrupedal form, The 
Duckbill or Duckbilled Platypus. 180 J. B. CLurrersuck 
Port Philip iii. 42 Platypus, water-mole or duckbill. 

a. Duck-bill speculum, a speculum flattened 
like a duck’s bill. 

1879 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women ix. (1889) 55 The 
duck-bill speculum is the best, 1882 Quatn’s Dict. Med. 
1778 Another form of speculum much used of late years .. is 
the ‘duck-bill’ speculum. 

Hence Duck-billed a., having a bill like a duck. 
Duck-billed platypus, the Ornithorhynchus of 
Australia, a monotrematous mammal having a 
horny beak resembling the bill of a duck ; duck- 
billed cat, the paddle-fish (Polyodon spatula) ; 
duck-billed speculum: see DucK-BILL d. 

1822-34 Goon Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 13 The platypus or 
ornithorhynchus as he [ Blumenbach] calls it, that most extra- 
ordinary duck-billed quadruped which has lately been dis- 
covered in Australasia. 1847 CarPENTER Zool. § 317 The 
Ornithorhyncus or Duck-billed Platypus, the Water Mole 
of the Colonist. 1859 Cornwattis Vew World I. 35 Know 
ye the land contrariety sways..Where black swans .. With 
water-rats, duck-billed, come forth to the day ? 

Duckcoy, obs. form of DEcoy. 

1634 W. Woop New Eng, Prosp. (1865) 47 There be con- 
venient ponds for the planting of Duckcoyes. 

Ducker! (dzkoz). Forms: 5 dokare, 5-6 
dowker, 6 douker, Sv. dowcare, 7 doucker, 9 
Sc. dooker, 7- ducker. [f. Duck v.+-ER1. In 
sense 2 it corresponds to MDu. and MLG. diker, 


Du. duiker, Ger. taucher diver (bird).] One who . 


or that which ducks or dives. 
1. A person who ducks or dives under water ; 
a diver. In mod. Sc., douker, dooker, a bather. 
1483 Cath. Angl. 105/1 A Dowker, emergator. 1508 
Kennepy Fiyting w. Dunbar 379 Vhou sailit to get a dow- 
care, for to dreg it. 1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage V. xii. 431 
Fished for by duckers, that dive into the water. 1893 Sco??. 
Leader 29 Dec. 7 Glasgow Morning Dookers Holiday Races. 
2. A diving bird: applied to the Colymdide or 
Divers generally ; also sfec. the little grebe or dab- 
chick. b. A local name of the Water Ouzel. 
©1475 Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 762 Hic mergulus, a 
okare. 1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Collimbris. .the birde 
called a Douker, or Didapper. 1691 Ray Creation 147 
Some sorts of Colymbi_ or Douckers. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late 
Voy. Introd. (1711) 11 Divers Duckers, and other Sea Birds, 
1805 ForsytuH Beauties Scotl. 11. 380 [Amongst] the sea- 


fowls are ..scarfs or black duckers. 18 ACGILLIVRAY 
Hist. Brit. Birds \\. 50 Cinclus Europeus.. Dipper, Ducker. 
1859 A. Smit in Macm. Mag. 1. 122 Gulls of all kinds are 


there, dookers and divers of every description. 


+3. A fighting-cock that ducks its head. Oés. 
_ 1688 R. Horme Armoury u. 252/1 A Ducker, or Doucker, 
is such a kind of Cock as in his Fighting will run about the 
Clod almost at every blow he gives. 


DUCKING-STOOL. 


4. ‘A cringer’ (J.). 

“| Meaning uncertain: Todd inserts it under 4 ; 
others would explain as = duck-hunter. 

1611 Breaum. & Fi. Philaster v. iv. (1620) 60 My dainty 
duckers, vp with your three-pil’d spirits. 

Ducker”. [f. Duck 56.1 +-xn1.] 

1. One who breeds or rears ducks. 

1885 Daily News 14 July 2/2 Often the eggs are sold toa 
‘ducker’, 1889 Pad/ Mall G. 14 May 3/1 Ducks are. .dirty 
creatures, and if ‘cleanliness be next to godliness’ the 
Aylesbury duckers are a long way removed, 

2. A ducking-gun. 

1896 Month Mar. 390 He warned us in the most terrible 
manner not to get near his heavy ducker in the bows. 

Du'ckery. [f. Duck sd.1 + -rry.] A place 
where ducks are reared. 

1745 tr. Columella’s Husb. vit. xv, In the middle of this 
duckery a lake is digged. 1791 S. Rocrrs Diary in Early 
Life (1887), Saw the dauphin’s garden and duckery. 

ucket, obs. form of Ducat. 

Duck-hawk. [f. Duck sé.! + Hawk.] 

1. A common English name of the marsh harrier 
or moor-buzzard (Circus wruginosius). 

1812 Note in Pennant’s Zool. 1. 237 In some places it [the 
Moor Buzzard] is called duck hawk. 1876 ‘I’. Harpy £¢hed- 
berta (1890) 7 Another large bird, which a countryman 
would have pronounced to be one of the biggest duck-hawks 
that he had ever beheld. 

2. U.S. Applied to the American variety of the 
peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus var. anatiun>. 

1884 Ror Nat. Ser. Story iv, Our duck or great-footed 
hawk is almost identical with the .. peregrine falcon of 
Europe .. It measures about forty-five inches in the stretch 
of its wings, and its prevailing color is of a dark blue. 

Duckhood: sce -Hoop. 

Duckie, Duckey : see Ducky. 

Ducking (dwkin), vé/. sd.! 
-InG 1} a. Immersion in water. 

1581 [see Duck v. 1]. 1626 Carr. Smitu Aceid, Vung. Sea- 
men 4 Ducking at Yards arme, hawling vnder the Keele. 
1628 Dicsy Moy. MWedt. (1868) 60, I punished by ducking 
and other wayesa dozen..men. 1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycd.s.v. 
Ducking, There is also a kind of dry ducking, wherein the 
patient Is only suspended by a rope, a few yards above the 
surface of the water. 1771 FRANKLIN Autobioy. Wks. 1840 
I. 30 His ducking sobered hima little. 1886 Ruskin Dre: 
terita 1. 378 He ran no risk but of a sound ducking, being 
..a strong swimmer. : 

b. Prompt bowing or bending of the head or 
body. 

1539 I’. Cuarman in Chron. Gr. /riars (Camden) p. xv, 
Dome ceremonyes. .dokynges, nodyngs, and bekynges. 1641 
SanpERSON Seva. II. 6 What are all our crossings, and 
kneelings, and duckings? 1880 Miss Brappon ¥ust as [aie 
xxi, There was much..ducking of heads in the doorway. 

Ducking, 2/. 52.2 [f. Dex sé.1] The catch- 
ing or shooting of wild ducks. Also aétrib., as 
ducking-punt; ducking-gun, a fowling-piece 
carrying a heavy charge a long way, so as to kill 
a large number of ducks in a flock at one shot. 

1577 E. Hocan in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 159 His pastime in 
ducking with water Spaniels. x08 B. Jonson Ev. Man in 
Hflum, 1. i, Keep company with none but the archers of 
Finsbury, or the citizens that come a ducking to Islington 
ponds! a1640 Day Peregr. Schol. (1881) 77 ‘Their wiues 
drew them..into the feilds a ducking with there water 
spaniells in somer. 1823 J. F. Coorer Pioneer xxii, The 
French ducking gun. 1880 N. H. Bisnor 4 Months in 
Sneak box 7 He constructed a new ducking-punt with a low 
paddle-wheel at its stern. 

Ducking ®. = Duck 50.3 

182z T. Mitcuett Avistoph. II. 238 Add pillow-case, 
sheeting, and ducking. 

Ducking, ///. a. [f. Duck v.+-1Nc2.] That 
ducks, dives into water or bows the head. 

a 1400-50 [see Duck v7 1]. 1530 Tinpate Pract. Prel. 
K iv, A douckynge hypocrite. 1770 ArmstroNG /seitations 
88 The Cyclades appear’d Like ducking cormorants. 

Ducking-pond. [f. Duckie v/. sd. and 2.] 
a. A pond on which ducks may be hunted or 
shot. b. A pond for the ducking of offenders. 
(The senses cannot always be discriminated.) 

1607 MippLEton Fav. of Love w. i, You may take your 
spaniel and spend some hours at the ducking-pond. 1625 
Sess. Bk. Middlesex in Frnl. Chester Archzxol. Soc. (1861) 
VI. 224 The inhabitants of the parishe of St. James, Clerk- 
enwell, shall erect and place a Cocqueane-Stoole on the side 
ofthe ducking ponde. 1634 W.Woop New Eng. Prosp. (1865) 
33 No ducking ponds can affoard more delight than a lame 
Cormorant, ane two or three lusty Dogges. 1664 Prpys 
Diary 27 Mar. are Universal Mag. XXXVIL. 54/1 The 
ducking-pond in Whitechapel. 1870 Odserver 13 Nov., Ball's 
Pond, Islington, takes its name from the Ducking Pond 
which belonged to a person named Ball, who kept a tavern 
there in the reign of Charles II. 

Du'cking-stool. A sort of chair at the end 
of an oscillating plank, in which disorderly women, 
scolds, or dishonest tradesmen,were tied and ducked 
or.plunged in water, asa punishment. See Cuck1nG- 
sroot. So Ducking tumbrel, a ducking-stool 
provided with wheels. 

1597 Ipswich Chamberlain's Bk. in Clarke Ipswich (1830) 

oR, porters for taking down the ‘ Ducking Stole’. 16 

ecords of Gravesend in Frul. Chester Archzxol, Soc. (1861 
VI. 225 For two wheeles and Yeekes for the Ducking-Stool. 
1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. viii. 351 A Cuck-stool, or a 
Ducking Tumbrel. 1712 ArsurHnot ohn Bull 1. xii, 
Once for all, Mrs. Mynx .. remember, I say, that there are 
pillories and ducking-stools. 1777 Howarp Prisons Eng, 


[f. Duck v, + 


DUCKLING. 


(1780) 84 The bakers at Vienna are punished for frauds by 
the severity and disgrace of the ducking-stool. 1780 B. 
West Misc. Poems in Andrews Old Time Punishm. (1890) 

13 There stands, my friend, in yonder pool, An engine called 
the ducking-stool. 183 Gent/. Mag. Jan. 43/1 In an apart- 
ment of the Custom-house at Ipswich, is an original duck- 
ing-stool. 1853 WHARTON Pa. a § 455 The punishment 
of the ducking stool cannot be inflicted in Pennsylvania. 

Duc . [f. Duck sd,!+-11Ne, dim. suffix.] 
A young duck. . 

Ugly duckling, the cygnet, in one of Hans Andersen’s 
tales, hatched with a brood of ducklings, and despised for its 
clumsiness until it grew into a swan. Hence the unpromis- 
ing child in a family who turns out the most brilMant of all. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Dookelynge (P. birde), ana- 
tinus. ¢1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 912 The duck- 
lyns, des annetons. 1601 Hottanp Piiny I. 299 It is sport 
alone to see the maner of an hen that hath sitten vpon ducks 
egs..how at the first she will wonder to haue a teem of 
ducklings about her. c1709 Prior Widow §& Cat 14 Nor 
chick, nor duckling, ’scapes, when Grim Invites the fox to 
dinner. 1869 DutckEN tr. Andersen's Little Match Girl 
45, Ugly Duckling, 1 never dreamed of so much happiness 
when I was still the ugly Duckling! 1883 J. H. INckam 
in Harper's Mag. July 226/2 The mother’s fears about her 
‘ugly duckling’. .took another turn. 

+b. A term of endearment. Ods. 

1629 Massincer Picture 11. i, Thy dear, thy dainty duck- 
ling, bold Mathias. 1716 Appison Drummer (T.), But hark 
you, duckling ; be sure you do not tell him that Iam let 
into the secret. 

Hence Du'cklingship, the state of a duckling. 

1830 Fraser's Mag. 1. 740 Ducks, whether .. full grown, 
or in the tender state of ducklingship. 

Duckoy, obs. form of Decoy. 

Duck’s bill. The bill of a duck. Applied 
a. to certain instruments of this shape, chiefly in 
surgery. Also attrib. 

1601 MAnnincHam Diary Feb. (Camden) 23 They grope 
for the stone [in the bladder] with an other toole which 
they call a duckes bill. 1676 WiseMAN Chirurg. Treat. 
314, I took hold of it with a Forceps Ducks bills. 1794 
Rigging & Seamanship 1. 4 Cleats .. the thin end is shaped 
with a duck’s bill. /é/d. 28 The lower ends are .. thinned 
with a duck’s-bill shape. 

b. Printing. A tongue cut in a piece of stout 
paper and pasted on at the bottom of the tympan 
sheet. 

e. Comd., as duck's-bill bit, a form of bit for 
use in a brace in wood-boring ; duck’s-bill lim- 
pet, a limpet of the genus Parmophorus. 

Duck’s egg. Also duck egg. The egg of a 
duck ; hence, b. in Cricket, the zero or ‘0’ placed 
against a batsman’s name in the scoring sheet when 
he fails to score; no runs; hence, generally in 
school-boy slang, ‘nought ’. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. |xxxiv. (1495) 914 
Duckys egges ben more thanne hennes egges. hot [see 
Ducktinc]. 1863 Reape Very //ard Cash vii, Now you 
and I, at Lord's the other day. .achieved. .the British duck’s- 
egg. 1868 [see Duck s4.'! 7]. 1881 Standard 8 July 6/1 
Their captain was out for the dreaded ‘ duck’s egg’. 

e. The colour of the egg of a duck ; used attr7d. 

1876 T. Harpy Ethelberta (1890) 115 A general flat tint of 
duck's-egg green. 1893 CoLtuinGwoop Life Ruskin 11. 190 
The walls, painted ‘duck egg’, are hung with old pictures. 

Duck’s meat, duckmeat. =Duckwzrp. 

1538 Turner Libed/us, Duckes meat. Lens Palustris. 
1601 Hotianp Péiny II. 142 There isa kind of marish or 
moory Lentils (called Ducks meat) growing of it selfe in 
standing waters. 1766 J. Bartram Jra/. 7 Jan. 27 Having 
most of its surface covered with duck-meat. 1 S. Lover 
Handy Andy iii, There was Andy .. floundering in rank 
weeds and duck’s meat. 

b. fig. As an epithet of contempt. 

1599 Massincrr, etc. O/d Law 111. il. Here’s your first 
weapon, duck’s meat ! 

Du‘ckweed. The common name for plants of 
the genus Lemna, which float on still water, so 
as to cover the surface like a green carpet. 

¢1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Dockewede, padella (P. para- 
dilla), 1591 Percivat. Sp. Dict., Lenteja de agua, duck 
weede, Lens palustris. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 567 The Water 
also doth send forth Plants, that have no Roots fixed in 
the Bottome.. Such is that we call Duck-Weed. 1745 
Gentl. Mag. 418 Go to a ditch where there is a quantity of 
duckweed. 1840 Hoop U/ the Rhine 35 Stagnant ditches 
and ponds covered with duckweed. 

Comb. 1895 K. Graname Gold. Age 20 He had rendered up 
his duckweed-bedabbled person into the hands of an aunt. 

Hence Du’ckweedy a., full of duckweed. 

1883 //arpfer's Mag. Mar. 530/2 The little green duck- 
weedy moat. 

Ducky (dvki).  [f. Duok sd.1+4-y, dim. suffix.] 

+1. A woman’s breast. Ods. 

@ 1536 Hen. VIII Let. to A, Boleyn in Select. fr. Harl. 
Misc. (1793) 147, Whose ag duckys I trust shortly to 
kysse. 1847-78 Hatuwew, Ducky (North.). 

. A term of endearment. 

1819 Metropolis 111. 252 The extravaganza of ‘ My heart's 
core..my dearest love—lovey, dovey, or odious duckey ’. 

Ducquoy, obs. form of Decoy, _ . 

Duct (dvkt). [ad. L. duct-us leading, conduct, 
command, in med.L. aqueduct, n. of action f. 
diicére to lead, conduct, draw ; in mod.L, in sense 
6. The L. form was formerly in Eng. use.] 

+1. The action of leading ; lead, guidance. Ods. 

a 1660 Hammonp (J.), To obey our fate, to follow the duct 


of the stars. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v1. 216 The 
Physician. .is bound to follow Nature's duct. 


702 


+2. Course, direction, trend. Ods. 

1650 BuLwer Anthropomet. 48 The other the ductus or 
corer of i avd turns — ‘ _— payee Lux Orient. 
I .) According to the duct this hypothesis. 1712 
Brair in PA. Trans. XXVIIL. 435 Observing. .the Duct 
of its Fibres. 1718 J. Cuampertayne Xedlig. Philos. 1. ix. 
§ 8 Remarks upon each Duct, or Course, of t! Nerves. 

+3. A ova, epee leading in any direction. Obs. 

1670 E. Brown in Phil. Trans. V. 1191 The ductus’s or 
veins of Metals,do. .some-times run North and South. a1711 
Ken Axodynes Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 431, 1 then meet 
labyrinthal Ducts, Turnings and Windings, dark Retreats. 

+4. A stroke drawn or traced, or the manner of 
tracing it (cf. L. ductus litterarum). Obs. 

1699 N. Marsu in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 297 Using.. 
a magnifying glass for discovering the more diminutive 
lines, ductuses, and appendages to the Letters. 1760 
Swinton in Phil. Trans. LI. 857 The ducts of the letters 
are drawn with so much accuracy, that they may be in- 
tirely depended upon. 1796 PreGcE Anonym. (1809) 278 
The ducts of the letters will sufficiently justify this reading. 

5. A conduit, channel, or tube, for the convey- 
ance of water or other liquid. 

1713 Pére Guardian No. 173 ®7 The two fountains.. 
were brought by conduits or ducts. 1776 Act 16 Geo. /I/, 
c. 56 (T.) For making and perfecting any channel, course, 
main cut, or duct, through any of the grounds. 1809 A. 
Henry 7rav. 69 The [sugar-maple] trees were ., tapped, 
and spouts or ducts introduced into the wound. 
Print. Trades Frul. No. 31. 10 For letterpress it has two 
ink ducts. 

6. a. Phys. A tube or canal in the animal body, 
by which the bodily fluids are conveyed. Formerly 
used in a wide sense, so as to include the blood- 
vessels and alimentary canal, but now applied 
more strictly to the vessels conveying the chyle, 
lymph, and secretions. 

These have names expressing their position or character, 
or in some cases the name of their discoverer, as diliary, 
choledoch, cystic, efferent, genito-urinary, hepatic, lacti- 


Serous, lymphatic, nasal, pancreatic, parotid, thoracic duct. 


(See these words.) Also ducts of Bellini, the excretory 
tubes of the kidneys; duct of Bartholin, ducts of Rivinus, 
certain ducts of the sublingual gland; Steno’s duct, that of 
the parotid gland, which conveys saliva into the mouth; 
Wharton's duct, that of the submaxillary gland, also 
conveying saliva; duct o. Wirsung, the principal pan- 
creatic duct; Wolffian duct, the excretory duct of the 
Wolffian body or primitive kidney. 

1667 Phil. Trans. 11. 579 There being peculiar ductus’s, 
by which the bloud Gasset into the Aorta. 1692 BENTLEY 
Boyle Lect. 109 All the various ducts and ventricles of the 
body. 1741 Monro Anat, (ed. 3) 134 Stexo's Duct may be 
traced some Way on the Side of these Passages next the 
Nose. 1748 Harttey Olserv. Man 1. ii. 151 The whole 
alimentary Duct, quite down to the Anus. 1 Goocu 
Treat. Wounds 1. 327 marg., Vhe treatment of wounds 
of the salival ducts. 1837-9 Haram //ist. Lit. (1847) 
III. 219 Eustachius had observed the thoracic duct in 
a horse. 1845-6 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. 1. 
210 ‘The capillary system surrounding the biliary ducts. 
1872 Huxtey Phys. v. 131 The neck by which a gland 
communicates with the free surface is called its duct, 

b. Sot. One of the vessels of the vascular tissue 
of plants, formed by a row of cells of which the 
partitions have been obliterated, and containing 
air, water, or some secretion; sfec. the narrow 
tubular continuous cells surrounding the broad 
cells or utricles in the leaves of Sphagnum. 

1858 Carrenter Veg. Phys. § 40 The midrib and veins... 
consist of three kinds of structure ;—ducts or canals, which 
are supposed to transmit fluid. 1866 77reas, Bot. 1. 433/1 
Ducts, tubular vessels marked by transverse lines or dots. 

+ Ductarrious, a. Obs. [f. L. ductarius of or 
for drawing, f. duct- : see prec. and -aRtous.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Ductarious, that draweth, leadeth, 
or guideth, 

Obs. 


+ Du'ctate. [Cf. Duction and -atE1.] 
The product of two quantities multiplied together. 

16r0 W. Fo.xincuam Art of Survey u. viii. 61 From the 
medietie of the sides vnited, subduct each side seuerally ; 
eradicate the ductat of the said medietie and remainders, 


Du‘ctible, a. Now rare. [a. obs. F. ductible, 
ad, L. type *ductibilis, f. duct- ppl. stem of diicére 
to lead, draw: see -BLE.] = DvctiLx, 

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) Iv. xxx. 77 The hede 
oweth rightwysly to be of gold, wan al hymself tough 
and ductyble. 1623 Cocxeram, Ductidble, easie to be per- 
swaded, or drawne. 1660 W. Seckrr Nonsuch Prof 12 
The purest gold is the most ductible. @1704 T. Brown 
2 Oxford Schol. Wks. 1730 1. 12 If any should prove more 
intractable or less ductible than others. 1847 Lewes //ést. 
Philos, (1867) 11. 449 We must.. know from experience that 
gold is ductible before we can predicate ductility of gold. 

Hence Ductibi‘lity, ductility, pliableness. 

1789 Cowrer Lett. 16 June, Ductability of temper. 

Ductile (dx ktil, -ail), a Also 7 -il. [a. F. 
auctile (13-14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.,), ad. L. ductil- 
zs that may be led or drawn, f. diicére to lead.] 

1. Of metal; a. That may be hammered out thin ; 
malleable ; flexible, pliable, not brittle. Still fre- 
quent in literary use; for technical use, see b. 

1340 Hampote Psalter xcvii. 6 Syngis til oure God .. in 
trumpys ductils [Vulg. ix ¢tudbis ductilibus). 1567 Maret 
Gr. Forest 10 It [gold] is more ductile and easie to 
brought to what poynt you will then any of the other, 
1601 Hoitanp Pliny II. 505 The other sort of copper.. 
yeeldeth to the hammer and will be drawne out, whereupon 
some there be who call it Ductile, i. battable. 1676 Hopes 
Iliad (1677) 290 Pieces for his legs of ductile tin, 1869 
Mrs. Somervitte Molec. Sc. 1. i, 4 Calcium is a bri 


DUCTLESS. ‘ 
ductile metal of a bronze colour. 


; 1870 Bryant Miad I, 
xvii. 229 Greaves of ductile tin. , i 
b. Capable of being drawn out into wire or 


thread, tough. (The current technical use.) 


1626 Bacon Sylva § 845 All Bodies Ductile (as Metals 
that will be drawne into Wire). 1796 Pearson in Phil. 
Trans. UXXXVI. 430 The best English copper is accounted 
less tough and ductil Swedish 


P 1826 Henry 
Elem. Chem. 1. 479 All the metals, that have been de- 
scri as malleable, (with the exception, perhaps, of 
nickel) are also ductile, or ag: formed into wire. 1875 
Emerson Misc., Parnassus (Bohn) III. 359 A firm 
ductile thread of gold. 
2. Of matter generally: Flexible, pliant ; capable 
of being moulded or shaped ; plastic. 

+ More Jmmort. Soul (1662) 175 The moist and 
ductil matter in the Womb. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 
lv. ii. 303 ‘The Waters were ..a more ductile, and possibly 
a more fertil Body than the Earth. 1725 Pore Odyss. 
xu. 208 The ductile wax with busy hands I mold. +738 
SomervitLe Chase 1v. 162 Potters form Their soft 
ductile Clay to various —_ 1869 Puittirs Vesuy, viii. 
209 The level interior is full of ductile sulphur. 

b. fig. Of things immaterial. 

1684 T. Burner 7h. Earth 1. 187 The first princi of 
life must be tender and ductile, that they may yield to all 
the motions and gentle touches of nature. 1788 Rep 
Aristotle's Log. iv. § 3. 77 To show of what ductile 
materials syllogisms are made. 1842 H. Rocers /ntrod. 
Burke's Wks, 46 There never was a man under whose 
hands language was more plastic and ductile. 1864 Burton 
Scot Abr. 1. v. 239 The Roman law. .has proved extremely 
ductile and accommodating. : a 

3. Of persons, their dispositions, etc: Susceptible 
of being led or drawn; yielding readily to per- 
suasion or instruction ; tractable, pliable, pliant. 

1622 Donne Serm. 15 Sept. 21 A good, and tractable, and 
ductile disposition. a urye Just Re- . 16 Men of 
ductile spirits unto evill. 1765 Jounson Oés. Shaks. Plays, 
Rom. & Ful. Whose genius was not very,.duttile to 
humour, but acute, argumentative, comprehensive, and sub- 
lime. 1835 Lytton Rienzi ut. ii, The ductile temper of 
Adeline yielded easily. x Mrs. H. Warp AMarce: 
11. 310 The man. .was in truth childishly soft and ductil 

4. Of water: Conducted or capable of being | 
made to flow through channels. 

[a 1637 B. Fouson's Fall of Mortimer Wks. (Rtldg.) 3/2, 
I felt 1t ductile [1640 dactile: see Dactite] ehecagh abe 
blood.] 1728 Pore Dunc. 1. 62 Ductile dulness new mean- 
ders takes. 1737. Savace Of Public Spirit 16 Lo! 
ductile riv'lets visit distant towns! 1834 Slackw. Mag. 
XXXV. 177 The ductile streams, after performing their 
fertilizing office, bound over the rocks. 

Hence Du‘etilely adv.; Du'ctileness (rare). 

ax612 Donne Brabavaros (1644) 155 ia gig Hema of 
a faithfull tenacity and ductilenesse, will be ught to 
cover 10000 times as much of any other Mettall. 1618 — 
Serm., lii. 524 Which shewes the Ductilenesse, the Appli- 
ablenesse of Gods Mercy. 162g /éid, cxxxvi. 439, I come into 
the hands of my God as pliably, as ductilely, as that first 
clod of Earth of which he made me in Adam. 


Ductili‘meter. [f. L. ductil-is Duormx + 
-meTer: cf. mod. F, ductilimétre (Littré).] An 
instrument for measuring the ductility of metals. 


1825 W. Hamitton Dict, Terms Arts & Sc. cited in 
Worcester 1846. 


Ductility 


a 
drawn out into wire, worked upon, or bent ; - 


spreadin, 
298 Argillaceous earth is distinguishable from..a certain 


364 The ductility of platina is such, that it has been drawn 
into wire of less than the two-thousandth part of an inch in 
di . 188r in Nature No. 618. 407 
posing that glacier ice enjoys a kind of ductility. 
b. transf. and fig. SS 
(see prec.]. 1734 tr. Roliin's Anc, Hist. III. 1x. 
now. was there ductility of genius equal to his, 
ductility and energy 


Macautay Hist, Eng. 11, 202 Greater 
of language. y ‘ 
2. Capability of being easily led or influenced; 
tractableness, docility. NY sctial 
Ww Zootomi ling Obstinacy, Solidity; 
onttenboe ‘Dactility after farther ‘Ressen, and Discovery, 
Sceptick Inconstancy. 1768 Sterne Sent. Fourn. (x78) . 
6 (Remise Door’) As I led her on, I felt a 
uctility about her. 1880 KincLake Crimea V1. ix. 247 
A spirit of servile ductility. 
+ Du'ction. Ods. Also 5 duccioun. ee 
. dn 


& 


duction-em, n. of action f, dicére to lead. 
action of leading or bringing. /i#. and 
quot. 1430 = multiplication.) 


in cifres nought is 5 
ie in nvident and or yf that the first figure of the nombre 
to be multipliede be a cifre, vndir it shalle be none sette. 


1627-77 Fevruam Resolves u. Ixvi. the but 
wise and common ductions of kB Snag it 


haue been no —_ ul Oratory. @ 1696 ScarsurGHt 
Euclid (1705) ay uclide only means a Mental Duction, 
or Position of t 


1 [uaa] Hang ne dt 


Ductless pre fr ‘term 


DUCTOR. 


present the general character of glands, but possess no 
excretory ducts. ‘They are the thymus and thyroid bodies, 
the spleen, adrenals, and the vascular, carotic, coccygeal, 
and pituitary bodies.’ Syd, Soc. Lex. 

1849-52 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1V. 1112/1 The ductless glands. 
1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. 1X. 89 The liver, in one of its 
functions, is a ductless gland. 188x Mivarr Cat 237 The 
Thyroid Body or gland is another ductless structure of 
unknown function, 

Ductor (dvktor, -g1). [a. L. ductor leader, 
agent-n. from dicére to lead.] A leader. 

+1. The leader of a band of music, an officer 


belonging to the court’ (Halliw.) Ods. 

15.. Househ. Ord. Edw. 111 in Househ. Ord.g Mynstrelles, 
ductors or centeners, everye man by the daye..o. 0, 12. 

+2. A line which ‘leads’ in some direction. Oés. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus ii. 115 The..Lozenge 
figure..being most ready to turn every way .. having its 
ductors. .at each Angle. é 

3. Printing. A roller which conveys the ink 
from the ink-fountain to the distributing-rollers. 
Cf. Doctor sb. 7 a. Also ductor-roller. 

185 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 283 [A] trough formed 
of an iron roller, called the ductor, against which..an iron 
plate rests, and, by its pressure, regulates the quantity of 
ink. . The ink is conveyed by the ductor-roller to the table. 

En opel Obs. rare. [f. L. duct-: see above 
and -ory.] A conducting instrument or appliance. 

1678 Wantey Wond. Lit. World ut. xliv. § 15. 226/1 
I did therefore put words into this ductory of the voice. 

Ductule (dwktivl). rare. [f. L. type *ductul- 
us, dim. of duct-us.] A minute duct. 

1883 Foster & Batrour Embryol. I. vi. 18 (Cent.) As 
the ductules grow longer and become branched, vascular 
processes grow in between them. 

+Du‘cture. Ods. [ad. L. type *ductira, f. 
dicére to lead: see -URE.] 

1. Leading, guidance, direction. 

J. Goopwin Zunxoc, Triumph. (1645) 84 Willingly and 
by the ducture of their own inclinations. @1677 MANTON 
Wks. 1871 II. 332 Observe the ducture and leading of Pro- 
vidence. a1716 Soutu Sevm. (1737) IX. v. (R.), To steer 
our practice according to the ducture of the universal church. 

2. Extension or movement in some direction. 

1675 TRAHERNE Chr, Ethics xxii. 328 A melodious song, 
a delicious harmony..by ductures scarce perceivable in the 
throat, 1691 IT. H[ate] Acc. New /uvent. p. v, Lines are 
Artificially made by the ducture of some point. 

3. A duct or channel. 

Maynwarinc Vita Sana vi. 81 Aliene matter..sent 
forth by the next convenient ducture, or emunctory. 

Ducypers, var. DouzErErs, Oés. 

Dud (dvd). Chiefly A/. duds (dvdz). collog. 
and dial. Also 5-7 dudde. [Origin unknown.] 

1. + An article of clothing, a coarse cloak (oés.). 
Usually (now always) A/. = Clothes. (slang or collog. 
depreciatory or humorous). 

14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 568 Birrus vel Birrum, 7. gros- 
sum vestimentum, a dudde. cr Promp. Parv. 134/2 
Dudde, clothe, amphibilus. 1867 Harman Caveat 86 We 
wyll fylche some duddes. ax605 Montcomerte Fiyting 
w. Polwart 345 When thy duddes are bedirtten. 1651 Ran- 
potrn, etc. Hey for Honesty mw. i. Wks. (1875) 431 By 
these good stampers, upper and nether duds, I'll nip from 
Ruffmans of the Harmanbeck. 1790 Burns ¥olly Beggars 
8th Recit., They toom’d their pocks, an’ pawn’d their duds. 
1831 Scotr rnd. 5 Mar., I promised to shake my duds and 
give them a cast of my calling. 186x Ramsay Kevein. Ser. 
1. 126 He’s mair need o’ something to get duds to his back. 
1866 Mrs. Stowe Zit. Foxes 26 Girls knit away small for- 
tunes..on little duds that do nobody any good. 1881 Trot- 
Lore Marian Fay iii.(Farmer), To see her children washed 
and put in and out of their duds. 

attrib, a1529 SKELTON Poems agst. Garnesche 46 In dud 
frese ye was schi ned With better frese lynyd. 

b. slang and dial, Effects in general, ‘ things’. 

1662 Heap & Kirkman Zug. Rogue (Farmer) All your 
duds are binged avast. axzzoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, 
Dudds, Cloaths or Goods, 1780 R. Tominson Slang Pas- 
toral ix. 2 No duds in my pocket, no sea-coalto burn. 1877 
E. Peacock N. W. Linc. Gloss., Duds, workmen’s tools, 
clothes, personal possessions of small value. 

2. pl. Rags, ragged clothes, tatters. (Rarely sing.) 

1508 Kennepie Flyting w. Dunbar 384 Cryiand caritas 
at durris..Bairfut, brekeles, and all in duddis vpdost. 1768 
Ross Helenore 40 (Jam.) A hair-brain’d little ane wagging 
a’ wi’ duds. 1822 Scorr Nigel v, A ragged rascal, every 
dud upon whose back was bidding good-day to the other. 
1823 Gatt RX. Gilhaize I. 81 (Jam. s.v. Cuff) He fell into 
the corner of the room like a sack of duds. 1880 Brsant & 
Rice Seamy Side xix, She..was clothed in nothing but old 
rags and duds. 1889 Besant Bell of St. Paul's III. 21. 

. Applied contemptuously to a person. vare. 

(In quot. 1870, perh. =scarecrow : see next.) 

1825 Jamieson s. v., Applied to a thowless fellow. .‘ He’s 
a soft dud.’ Roxb, 1840 Cartyte Let. in Froude Life in 
Lond. I, vii. 186 A wretched Dud called —, member for— 
called one day. 1870 Putnam's Mag. Feb. (Farmer), 
‘Think of her? I think she is dressed like a dud; can’t say 
how she would look in the costume of the present century. 

Hence Du‘dman, a scarecrow. dial. 

1674 Biounr Glossogr. (ed. 4), Dudman, a Maulkin or 
Effigies set up to fright Birds from Corn or Grain sowed. 
1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Dudman, a scarecrow, also a 
ragged fellow. 1825 in Brockett NV. C. Gloss. 1844 J. T. 
Hewett Parsons & W. x, He was just like a dudman, 

[Duddels, given in some Dicts. = Duds; but 
probably a misprint for puddles. 

1s62 Pitxincton Exp. Abdiam. Pref. Aa viij, As he that 
ripes in a dungehyll, is infect with the smell therof..so 
good men, now searchinge the festerd cankers and riping 
the stinking duddels of Poperi, for a time smell evil.] 


703 


Dudder (dv-da1), v. Obs. exc. dial. [var. of } 


Dipper.} zxtr. To shudder, shiver. 

@1658 Forp, etc. Witch Edmonton u. i, I dudder and 
shake like an aspen leaf. a@1846 SpurpENS Suppl. Forby's 
Voc E. Anglia, Dudder, to shiver with cold, or with fear ; 
to shudder; but a more expressive word. 

Du‘ddery. da/. [f. Dup+-rry.] A place 
where woollen cloth is sold or manufactured. 

a15s2z Letanp Collect. (1774) II. 444 (Stourbridge) Sacel- 
lum & inditia ruderum domus veteris eo loco ubi nunc 
pars fori lanarii, Angl. the Duddery. 1778 Eng. Gazetteer 
(ed. 2) s.v. Stourbridge, Great store of serges, duroys, 
druggets, &c. from Exeter, Taunton, Bristol..and some 
too from London: so that the Duddery, an area of 80 or 
too yards square, in which the clothiers unload, resembles 
Blackwell-Hall. 1806 in Hone /very-day Bk. 1, 1306 In 
this duddery [at Stourbridge fair]..100,000/, worth of 
woollen manufacture has been sold in less than a week. 
[A correspondent says that a large woollen factory at 
Haverhill in Suffolk goes by the name of the Duddery.] 

+ Duddle, sé. Ods. rave. A teat, nipple. 

he T. Warp Eng. Ref. (1716) 242 To his lips Madge 
held the Bottle, On which he suckt, as Child at Duddle. 

+ Duddle, v. Ods. [cf. Doppie v. and Dippie 
v.35] trans. To confuse, muddle. 

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. in Arb. Garner III. 129 
Howbeit because the riders were no babies, nor their horses 
any colts, they could [with their rattles] neither duddle the 
one nor affray the other. 1575 LANeHam Let. (1871) 47 So 
duddld with such varietee of delyghts .. [they] coold not .. 
tend their work a whyt. 

+ Du‘ddroun. Sc. Os. [? f. Dup.] An oppro- 
brious epithet: ? One clad in duds. 

1500-20 Dunpar Poems xxvi. 71 Mony slute, daw, and 
slepy duddroun. 1536 LynpEsay Answ. Kingis Flyting 
59 To indyte, how that duddroun was drest, Drowkit with 
dreggis, quhimperand with mony quhryne. 

Duddy (dedi), a. Sc. [f. Dub +-y1.] Ragged. 

1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. 1. i. Song vy, Little love or 
canty cheer can come Frae duddy doublets, and a pantry 
toom. 1818 Scott //7t. Mid?. xxx, There isna a wheen 
duddie bairns to be crying after ane. 1845 Mrs. CARLYLE 
Lett. 1. 306 That two-year-old duddy child. 

Hence Du‘ddiness (Jam. 1825). 

Dude (divd). U.S. [A factitious slang term 
which came into vogue in New York about the 
beginning of 1883, in connexion with the ‘ cesthetic’ 
craze of that day. Actual origin not recorded. ] 

A name given in ridicule to a man affecting an 
exaggerated fastidiousness in dress, speech, and 
deportment, and very particular about what is 
esthetically ‘good form’; hence, extended to an 
exquisite, a dandy, ‘a swell’. 

1883 Graphic 31 Mar. 319/1 The ‘ Dude’ sounds like the 
name of a bird. It is, on the contrary, American slang for 
a new kind of American young man..The one object for 
which the dude exists is to tone down the eccentricities of 
fashion .. The silent, subfusc, subdued ‘ dude’ hands down 
the traditions of good form, 1883 North Adams (Mass.) 
Transcript 24 June, The new coined word ‘dude’ .. has 
travelled over the country with a great deal of rapidity 
since but two months ago it grew into general use in New 
York. 1883 Aszerican VII. 151 The social ‘dude’ who 
affects English dress and the English drawl. 1883 Harfer’s 
Mag. LXVII. 632 The elderly club dude. 1884 in Bryce 
Amer. Conimv. (1888) II. App. 642 Dudes and roughs, civil 
service reformers and office-holding bosses. .join in midnight 
conferences. 1886 A. Lanc in Longm. Mag. Mar. 553 Our 
novels establish a false ideal in the American imagination, 
and the result is that mysterious being ‘The Dude’. 

Hence Du‘dedom, Du‘deness, Du'dery, Du'- 
dism (sonce-wds.), the state, style, character or 
manners of a dude; Dudine (-7'n), a female dude; 
Du‘dish a., characteristic of a dude ; foppish. 

1883 Philad. Times No. 2892.2 Not..to encourage the de- 
velopment of the dude or the dudine in his dominion. 1885 
Boston (Mass.) ¥rni. 15 June 2/3 The intense dudeness of 
Lord Beaconsfield in his early days is illustrated by a letter 
written in 1830. 1889 Bookworm 237 Any dudish Anglo- 
maniac or Fifth Avenue ‘bud’. 1889 Voice (N. Y.) 2 May, 
The Pharisaical dudery which presumes todeny her [woman] 
a place in the world. .equal with man. 1890 Zacher (N.Y.) 
Sept. ror Are we traveling the way of the Greeks?.. 
Is dudism becoming more contagious among us than phil- 
anthropy? 1891 A, Weicker Woolly West 69 Joe then 
went east, and .. married a young dudine out there. 1894 
Dickson Life Edison 230 A dudish applicant, with an 
overweening sense of his own self-importance. 1894 Forum 
(U. S.) May 345 [It] would relegate its champion to the 
realms of dudedom, 

Dude, obs. pa. t. of Do z. 

Dudeen (dwdin). Also dodeen, doodheen, 
doudeen, dudheen. Irish name for a short clay 
tobacco-pipe; now generally known in Great 
Britain, and esp. in the British Colonies and U.S. 

1841 Lever C. O’ Madlley cvii, A short dudeen graced his lip. 
_ TuackeEray Fitz-Boodle's Conf. Wks. 1869 XXII. 215, 
I found the Irish doodheen and tobacco the pleasantest 
smoking possible. 1880 Senior 7rav. & Trout in Anti- 
podes 100 [He] knocks the ashes out of his dudheen, 


+ Dudgen, sd. anda. Ods. [perh. the same as 
Dupceon sé.1; a dagger with a handle of this ma- 
terial being cheap and often regarded as an inferior, 
unreliable weapon; cf. quots. 1581 and 1590 in 
Dupceon sd.1 3.] 

A. sb. ‘Poor stuff’, trash. 

1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 139 The stalest dudgen 

or absurdest balductum that they..can invent. 
B. adj. 1. Mean, poor, contemptible. 
1589 NasHe Almond for Parrat 5a, We talkt euen now 


DUDGEON. 


of a dudgen destinction from which my Bedlam brother .. 
with the rest of those patches, striue to deriue theyr dis- 
cipline disobedience. 1593 Urayron /dea 427 Think’st 
thou, my Wit shall keepe the pack-Horse Way, That ev'ry 
Dudgen low Invention goes ? 

2. ? Ordinary, homely. : 

1613 Braum. & Fi. Cafta‘n u. i, Though I am plain and 
dudgeon, I would not be an ass. ¢1618 FLETCHER Q, 
Corinth u. iv, Vell him 1..would request to see him pre- 
sently : Ye see I use old dudgen phrase to draw him, 

Dudgeon (dv-dgan), sb.! Forms: 5-6 dogeon, 
5 dogean, dojoun, dugion, 6 dogen, -ion, 
dugyon, 6 doodgean, 6-7 dudgen, -in, -ion, 
6- dudgeon. [Occurs as digeon in AF.: the 
form of the word suggests a French origin; but no 
corresp. word has been found in continental French.] 

+1. A kind of wood used by turners, esp. for 
handles of knives, daggers, ete. Obs. 

(According to Gerarde 1597 = boxwood. The same sense 
has been attributed to dudgin in the following quot. from 
Holland’s Pliny, where however the Latin is obscure, and 
the English a very rude rendering of it.) 

r6or HoLtanp Pliny xvi. xvi, Now for the Box tree, the 
wood thereof is in as great request as the very best: seldom 
hath it any grain crisped damask-wise, and neuer but about 
the root, the which is dudgin and ful of work. For other- 
wise the grain runneth streight and euen without any wau- 
ing. [Piiny: In primis vero materies honorata buxo est 
raro crispanti nec nisi radice, de cetero lenis quies est 
materia silentio quodam et duritie ac pallore commenda- 
bilis, in ipsa vero arbore topiario opere.]} 

1380 Ordinance for Cutlers, Lond., in Lett. Bk. H. If. 
exviii, Qe nulles manches darbre forsqe digeon soyent 
colourez. [tr. in Riley A7emz, London (1868) 439 No handle of 
wood, except dogeon.] 1439 Zest. Hbor. (Surtees) IIL. 96 De 
j dagger, cum manubrio de dogeon. 1443 /drd. 11. 88 Unum 
par cultellorum cum manubrio de dugion. c1440 Promp. 
Parv. 436/2 Ronnyn, as dojoun, or masere, or oper lyke. 1502 
Arnotpe Chron. (1811) 245 All my stuf beyng in my (Cut- 
ler’s] shoppe, that is to saye, yuery, dogeon, horn, mapyll. 
1535 in Maddison Line. J7l?s (1888) 11 A pare of beads of 


dogeon. 41550-1600 Customs Duties (B. M. Add. MS. 
25097) Dogen, the c peces containing v*\ xs. 1§62 TURNER 
Herbal 1. 71b, The wilde ashe..can scarsly be knowen 


from dudgyon and I thynke that the moste parte of dogion 
is the root of the wilde ashe. 1597 GrrarvE //erbal (1633) 
1225 (L.) Turners and cutlers .. doe call this woode [box 
woode] dudgeon, wherewith they make dudgeon-hefted 
daggers. 1660 Act 12 Chas. //,c. 4 Sched., Dudgeon the 
hundred peeces cont. five score, j. li. 

+2. The hilt of a dagger, made of this wood : cf. 
dudgeon-haft in 4. Obs. 

1605 Suaxs. A/acé. 1. i. 46, I see..on thy Blade, and 
Dudgeon, Gouts of Blood. 

3. Hence dudgeon-dagger, and in later use dud- 
geon: A dagger with a hilt made of ‘ dudgeon’ ; 
also, a butcher’s steel. avch. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor.10b, Upon the whiche 
when you rushe with your doodgean daggar eloquence. 
1590 GREENE HWks. (1882) VIII. 199 Loose in the haft like 
adudgindagger. @1687 Cotton Poet. Iks. (1765) 83 With 
Dudgeon Dagger at his Back. 1826 Scotr Woodst. vii, 
Bid me give him three inches of my dudgeon-dagger. 

1638 Brome Axntipodes vy. v. Wks. 1873 III. 328 Take 
your dudgeon, Sir, I ha done you simple service. 1663 
Butter xd. 1. i. 379 It wasa serviceable Dudgeon, Either 
for fighting or for drudging. /d/d. ii. 769 That Wight With 
gauntlet blue and Bases white And round blunt Dudgeon 
[some later edd. truncheon}. 1837 CartyLe /7. Rev. II 
ut. v, And still the dudgeon sticks from his left lapelle, 
1882 SHorTHOUSE J. /aglesant (ed. 2) IL. xix. 372. 

+ dudgeon- 


A. attrib.and Comb.,asdudgeon-knife; 
see 3; dudgeon-haft, the hilt of a 


dagger: 
dagger, made of ‘dudgeon’; hence dudgeon- 
hafted a. (arch.); + dudgeon-tree =1. 

1559 Will of $. Gryffyn (Somerset Ho.), My dagger wt 
the *dudgen hafte gilte. 1611 Cotcr., Dague a roélles, a 
Scottish dagger; or Dudgeon haft dagger. a@1612 Har- 
INGTON Efigr. iv. 11 A gilded blade hath oft a dudgen haft. 
1634-5 BrERETON 7yvav. (1844) 108 [I] bought in Edinburgh 
.. a dudgeon-hafted dagger, and knives, gilt. 1826 Scotr 
Old Mort. xxxvi, I'll dash your teeth out with my dudgeon- 
haft! 1841 Borrow Zincadi (1872) 213 I'd straight un- 
sheath my *dudgeon knife And cut his weasand through. 
1861 THornsury 77ue as Steel (1863) III. 20 Cutting out 
the heavy lead window frame with a short heavy dudgeon- 
knife. 155 Aderdecn Reg. V. 21 (Jam.) Certane *dugeon 
tre coft be him. 1602 Dekker Sat?rom. Wks. 1873 1. 195, I 
am too well rancht..to bee stab’d With his *dudgion wit. 

Dudgeon (dv‘dzan), 56.2 and a Forms: 6 
dudgion, duggin, 6-7 dudgen, (7 dodgeon, 
dudgin, -ing), 7- dudgeon. [Origin unknown; 
identical in form with prec.; but provisionally 
separated as having, so far as is known, no con- 
nexion of sense. Cf. ENDUGINE. 

A conjectural derivation from Welsh dygex malice, resent- 
ment, appears to be historically and phonetically baseless.] 

A feeling of anger, resentment, or offence; ill 
humour. Almost always in phr. 77 dudgeon, and 
esp. with qualifying adj., as high, great, deep. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 28 Who seem’d to 
take it in marvelus great duggin. 1 GrEENE Disput. 6 
Taking it in dudgion, that they should be put down bya 
Pesant. 1663 Butter Awd. 1. i. 1 When civil dudgeon 
first grew high. 1687 Concreve Old Bach. u. ii, [hope you 
are not going out in dudgeon, cousin? 178r Map. D'’ArBLay 
Diary May, I returned without. .any remaining appearance 
of dudgeon in my phiz, 1816 Scort Amtig. v, They often 

rted in deep dudgeon, 1862 TroLtore Orley F. xxvii. 
1873) 195 You must not bein a dudgeon with me. 1865 
Livincstone Zambesi ix. 197 He went off in a high dud- 
geon. 1885 Manch. Exam. 23 Feb. 5/3 [He] resigned his 
position as reporter of the C ittee in high dudg 


-DUDGEON. 


+B. attri, and adj. Resentful, spiteful; ill- 
humoured, Ods. 

[1589 Aad w. Hatchet Cb, If such a one doo but nod, it 
is right dudgin and deepe discretion.] 1599 NasHe Lenten 
Stue (1871) 5 Those dull-pated pennifat that in such 
dudgeon scorn wooed him. 1625 Liste Du Bartas, Noe 
128 Another speaketh low, one dudgen is and spightful. 

Hence Dudgeon v., to be in dudgeon. rare. 

1859 G. Merevitu 2. Feverel xxxviii, You've never been 
dudgeoning ais 

Dudine, Dudish, Dudism : see Dune. 

Dudleyite (dvdlijit). Ain. [f. Dudleyviille, 
a town in Alabama, U.S.] A hydrous mica formed 
by the transformation of margarite. 

1873 in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. X111. 404. 1875 Dana’s 
Min. App. ii. 17 Dudleyite..has the form of margarite. 

Dudman: see Dup. 

Due (diz), a. and adv. Also 4-6 dew, dewe, 
dwe, 5 deu, diewe, dwwe, duewe, 5-6 du, 7 
dueue. [ME. a. OF. dei, later dA, orig. pa. pple. 
of devoir to owe :—late L. *debiit-um for debitum : 
cf. It. dovuto, formerly devuto, owed, due.] 

A. adj. 1. That is owing or payable, as an en- 
forceable obligation or debt. 

©1340 Cursor AT. 68 (Trin.) For pere shal mede wibouten 
let Be sett to him for dew [Go¢t. duel] dett. ¢1380 Wycuir 
Sel. Wks. U1. 312 3if tibes when dewe bi Goddis com- 
aundement. 1413 Pilgr, Sowle (Caxton) v. xiv. (1859) 79 
Owre raunson were superhaboundaunt, ouer that was due. 
1596 Suaks. Merch. V.1v. i. 411 Three thousand Ducats 
due vnto the Iew. 1616 Sir F. Kinxcsmitt in Lismore 
Papers Ser. u. (1887) IL. 18 Bouth confesse the dueue debt 
but I can gett itt of neyther. 1674 N. Cox Gent/. Re- 
creat. 1. (1677) 160 It must speedily die, and pay the Debt 
that's due to Nature. 1848 Warton Law Ler. s.v., A 
debt is said to be due the instant that it has existence 
as a debt; it may be fayad/e at a future time. 1874 
Green Short Hist. v. § 4. 238 The amount of service due 
from the serf had become limited by custom. 1891 Law 
Times XC. 409/1 The whole of those sums remained due. 

b. Ofa person : That owes. Now dal. or collog. 

1413 Piler, Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1v. vii. 61 They ben due 
to payen this dette. 1812 Incram Poems 73 (Jam.) He.. 
strives to pay what he is due Without repeated craving. 

ce. Phrases. 70 fall or become due: to become 
immediately payable, asa bill on reaching maturity. 
To grow or accrue due: to be in process of maturing 
for payment. 

1682 Scartett Exchanges 96 The Time must precisely 
be. . written in every Bill of Exchange, that the Drawer may 
certainly know when they fall due. 1695 in Picton L’pool 
Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 263 Now due or accrewing due. 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 224 Nor for what estate the rent 
was to be paid, nor when or on what days it was to grow 
due. 1882 Bitnett Counting-ho. Dict. (1893) 89 The bill 
really becomes due on the third day of grace, and not 
earlier, unless it fall upon a Sunday, Christmas Day, Good 
Friday, or a day of public fast or thanksgiving, in which 
cases the bill becomes due the day defore. If on a Bank 
Holiday, the day after. 1896 Law Times C. 509/1 Income 
which oe become due and has not yet been paid over. 

+ 2. Belonging or falling /o by right. Oés. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 61 Dites full dere was dew to the 
Grekys, A lede of pat lond & logede hom with. 1553 Even 
Treat, Newe Ind. (Arb.) 32 Whatsoeuer.. vnknowen landes 
shoulde be discouered in the Easte partes the same to be 
dewe to the Portugales, = Gace West Ind. ii. 6 In 
Rome there is an other preferment successively due to 
Dominicans, from the time of Dominicus de Guzman. 
1655 M. Carter Hon. Rediv. (1660) 26 A new Coat.. 
which is due to the descendents onely of his body. 

+3. Belonging or incumbent as a duty. Ods. 

¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 603 Cleopatra, Hym thoute 
there nas to hym no thyng so dewe As Cleopatras for to 
love and serve. ; ‘ 

+4. Pertaining or incumbent as a necessity. Obs. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Ant.'s 7. 2186 To maken vertu of neces- 
sitee, And take it weel, that we may nat eschue, And namely 
that to vs all is due [7.e. death]. c1goo Destr. Troy 2673 It 
was desteynid by dome, & for due holdyn. 1491 Act 7 Hen. 
V/T, c. 12 Preamb., Deth is due to every creature born in 
this world. 

5. Owing by right of circumstances or condition ; 
that ought to be given or rendered ; proper to be 
conferred, granted, or inflicted. a. with /o. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 18 To pursue Thing, which that is 
to ies due. 1393 /did. I. 19 There is a helle, Whiche 
unto mannes sinne is due. ax14g0 Kut, de la Tour (1868) 
14 For to grete [people] ye make curtesie of ri ht, the 
ehiche is dew tohem. a@15§33 Lp. Berners xox Ixiii. 219 
Honoure is dew to them that dyserueth it, 1648 Gace West 
Ind. iii. 8 Absolved .. from all sinne, and from their Purga- 
tory and Hell due unto it. 165x Hosses Leviath. 1. xiv. 
68 He that winneth Meriteth, and may claime the Prize as 
Due. eA Sreee Spect. No, 2629 The first Place among 
our English Poets is due to Milton. 1712 /did. No. 426 Pr 
The Care of Parents due to their Children, 1838 Lyrron 
Alice 7 So much is due to the wishes of your late husband. 

b. simply. Merited, appropriate; proper, right. 
oe E. E. Altit, P.C. 49 i me be dy3t a destyne due 
to haue, What dowes me pe dedayn, oper dispit make? 1489 
Caxton Faytes of A. 1. i. 3 Warres and bataylles shold be 
acursed thyng and not due. 1§00-20 Dunsar Poems xlviii. 
Daw law inclynnand with all dew reuerens, 1591 SPENSER 

1. Hui 1237 Hell, his dewest meed. 16x12 Brste Luke 
xxiii. 41 We receiue the due reward of our deeds, but this 
man hath done nothing amisse. 1633 Br. Hari Hard Texts 
321 The Lord ., shall execute due vengeance upon 4 
1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr. Ded., Your Honours in duest 
observance Ri: Brathwait. J. Smirn Myst. Rhet. 67 
He useth a decent and due Epithet, thus, Honourable 

udge, Honoured Sir. Crasse Par, Reg. ui. 154 

ilent, nor wanting due respect, the crowd. 


| heryn here excusacyons .. In duewe tyme whan t 


704 | 


6. Such as ought to be, to be observed, or to be 
done ; fitting ; 
c 1325 Poem t 
clothes Ischape 


duceth the people to their due temper. R. Hotme 


Armoury wu. 146/1 In the ——* Landskips. .observe 
a due distance of things. 1728 T. Sueripan Persius ii. © 


(1739) 29 You may offer these Prayers in due Form. 1762 
Kames £lem, Crit, xviii. (1833) 315 A beauty that results 
from a due mixture of uniformity [etc.]. A. Knox 
Rem, 1. 35 It will produce its due effects. 184 Myers 
Cath, Th, wm. xxxviii. 136 The due use of some human fe 
1885 Act 48 & 49 Vict. c. 54. § 4 Such certificate shall be 
conclusive evidence of the due election of the person therein 
mentioned. 
b. Of time. 
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol. 364 (MS. Gg. 4. 27) To 
sc 

it profre. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6584 Troilus was ntiend .And 
don out of daunger for the due tyme. 1535 CoverDALe 
Prov. xv. 23 O how pleasaunt is a worde spoken in due 
season? 1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 45 b, Thynges, that 
in due tyme followe the causes that went before. 16x12 
Bite Gad. vi. 9 In due season we shall reape, if we faint 
not. x Mitton P. L. xu. 152 This Patriarch blest, 
Whom faithful Abraham due time shall call. 1711 BupcEett 
Spect. No. 77 ® 1, I left him to be convinced of his Mistake 
in due time. 1876 Back Madcap V. vii. 69 In due course 


| of time they got into the hot air of London. 


7. Such as is necessary or requisite for the pur- 
pose ; adequate, sufficient. 

c 1400 Destr. Troy 12867 Pat be pepull..shuld send ffor 
Dyamed the dughty, with his du helpe. 1400 Lanfranc's 
Cirurg. 112 [Veins} bryngen lijf and dewe norischinge and 
cordialle spiritis. 1464 Pastor Lett. No. 483 II. 147 Ye 
havynge dooe swerte [surety] both in obligacions and pleggs. 
1563 W. Futke Meteors (1640) 65 b, They have not the due 
quantity of brimstone. 1664 Evetyn Aa/. Hort, (1729) 197 
To bring them to a due stature, and perfect their seed. 
1747 WesLey Prim. Physic (1762) p. xx, A due Degree of 
Exercise. 1844 Lp. Broucuam Brit, Const. ix. § 1. (1862) 
115 Upon due consideration. 

+8. Ofa person: Proper, right; genuine, real, true. 

1 Lanct. Rich. Redeles 111. 60 But pan pe dewe dame 
.-ffostrith hem fforthe. c¢1450 Hottanp How/lat 575 The 
forest of Ettrik, and vthair ynewe With dynt of his derf 
swerd, the Dowglass so dewe Wan wichtly of weir. 

9. To be ascribed or attributed : @. as a quality 
or attribute fo its possessor (arch. or obs.); Db. as 
a thing /o its author or introducer; ¢@. as an effect 
or result /o its cause or origin ; owing to, caused 
by, in consequence of. rare bef. 19th c.; accord- 
ing to Johnson ‘ proper, but not usual ’, 

1661 Boye Hist. Fluidity 1. xxiv. Wks. 1772 1. 395 The 
motion of the oily drops may be in part due to some partial 
solution made of them by the vinous spirit. 1669 Eart 
Orrery 7ryphon v, That Guilt is to Aretus due. 1706 
E. Warp Hud. Rediv. u. viii, All the Ills that happen in it, 
Are due to them that did begin it. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 
1v. 293 Jonah’s gourd, Up in one night, and due to sudden 
sun, 1861 M. Parrison £ss. (1889) I. 38 His delay in 
setting out was due to pure procrastination and dilatori- 
ness. 1870 Tynpatt Notes Lect. Electr. 5 This beautiful 
experiment is due toGrove. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) 1V, 
136 The .. difficulty in the Philebus, is really due to our 
ignorance of the philosophy of the age. Lancet 15 
May 947/2 The albuminuria was due to a bacterial nephritis. 

10. Under engagement or contract to be ready, 
be present, or arrive (at a defined time); reckoned 
upon as arriving; as the train is already due = 
ought, according to the time-tables, to be already 
here (or a¢ such a place). 

1833 Moore Mem. (1854) VI. 336 Bills coming in at 
Christmas, and my History due at the same time, 
Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. vi, Williams, Bob Glamour, ai 
Jonathan, you are alldue. ax B. Harte Lost Galleon 
1, Due she was, and over du salleon, merchandise, and 
crew. 1896 7imes 13 Jan. 7/1 She is due at Ascension on 
February 11, and is to leave for England again on February 
a1..being due at Sheerness on March 19. Mod. ‘The train 
is due in London at 5 a.m. He is due at his office next 
Monday. I must go; fos due at Mr, B,’s at seven o' 

11. Phrases and Comb., as due-bill (U/.S.) (see 

uot. 1864); due date, the date on which a bill 
alls due and is payable ; so + due day, the day on 
which any payment falls due, 

a@ 1617 Hirron Whs. (1620) I}. 457 There is a due day put 
in vpon the lease to be payd to him that is thy lord. Darest 
thou deale .. with him in that duty, as thou dealest with 
God in His due-day? 1843 [Due date is remembered in 
ordi: business use]. Wesster (citing Burritt), 
Due-bill, a brief written acknowledgment of a debt not 
made payable to order, and not ferable d ¥ 
like a promi note. 1877 Banker's Mag. 53 In case the 
bill is not taken up by the on the due date. 1887 

. E. Worvswortn (¢it/e) Tables for calculating the Due- 

ates of Bills of Exchange. 

B. adv. 1. = DULy, in various senses. arch. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1. ii. 330 Euery third word a Lye, 
duer pay’d to the hearer, then the Turkes Tribute. 1606 
Sytvester Du Bartas 11. iv. u. fe ae 4 1342 Of this 
great Frame, the parts so due-devis'd. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 
v. 303 And Eve within, due at her hour prepar’d For din- 
ner savourie fruits. 1800-24 Camppett Caroline u. To 
Even. Star ii, So due thy plighted love returns, To cham- 


bers brighter than the rose, 
points of the compass : 


2. th reference to the 


Properly ; right, straight ; directly. ig. aut. 
Allied to 6.)° . v. (One 


i ty 


“green, A 
xx. 345 This..does not take the 


DUE. 


3. 


eye. .seen at once. 

Due (diz), sb. Also 5-6 dew(e. [subst. use of Dur 
a.: cf. F. dé sb., in 14th c. dei, from dat pa. pple. 

+1. That which is due; adebt. Ods.(exc.asin 2-4. 

1439 £. £. Wills (1882) 127 And all othir dueez and 

overnances for the performyng of his wyll. 1460 Towne+ 

Myst. (Surtees) 311 Thow can of cowrte thew, Bot 
lay downe the dewe. 1607 Suaxs. Timon ui. ii. 16 My 
rd, heere is a note of certaine dues. 1682 Grew Anat. 
Plants w. Ep. Ded., The Performance whereof .. is to be 
looked upon, as a Due to the Authority which Your Judg- 
ment hath over me. : 

2. That which is due or owed to any one; that 
to which one has a right legal or moral: with 
possessive of the person to whom owed. 

1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Rom. xiii. 7 Render therfore to al men 
their dew [1611 their dues]. 1593 SHAxs. Lucr. 1183 Which 
--shall for him be spent, And as his due writ in my testa- . 
ment. 1612 Rowtanps More Knaues Yet? 32 The cursed 
crew, That will not cheate the hangman of his due. @ 1704 
T. Brown Two Oxf. Scholars Wks. 1730 I..9 When I come 
to demand my dues..I shall find it a hard matter to get 
them. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle Ded. Aij, Though Praise 
is the just Due of Merit. 1770 Lancnorne Plutarch (1879) 
I. 118/2 It was no more than his due. 1838 THrrtwALe 
Greece V. 249 He charges them with having defrauded the 
masters under whom he studied of their dues. 

b. 70 give (a man) his due (fig.): to treat him 
or speak of him with justice, to do justice to any 
merits he may possess. 70 give the devil his due: 
to do justice even to a person of admittedly bad 
character or repute (or one disliked by the speaker). 

1589 Pappe w. Hatchet Dij, Giue them their due h 
they were diuels. 1896 Suaks. 1 Hen. JV, 1. ii. i alg 
Did I euer call for thee to pay thy part? Fad. No, Ile 
giue thee thy due, thou hast paid al there. did. 133 He 
was neuer yet a Breaker of Freserba: He will giue the 
diuell his due. 1642 Prince Rupert's Declarat. 2 The 
Cavaliers (to give the Divell his due) fought very valiantly. 
1698 Frver Te E. India & P. 38 Fryers; w to give 
them their due, compass Sea and to make Proselytes. 
1879 Howe ts L. Aroostook x, ‘ Well’, observed the captain 
- with the air of giving the devil his due, ‘I’ve seen some 
very good people among the Catholics’. 

3. That which is due or owed by any one: with 
possessive of the person owing. 

1738 Westey Hymn, ‘Infinite Power, Eternal Lord’ vi, 
Shall Creatures of a meaner Frame Pay all their Dues to 
Thee? 1823 Scorr Peveril v, Independent so long as my 
dues of homage are duly discharged. 1832 Hr. Maxtingau 
Treland i. 14 There was no chance of pa rent..even 
if Sullivan had been answerable for nobody's dues but his 
own. 1878 B. Tavtor Deukalion u. i, 54 
And make them debtors. 


4. spec. A payment legally due or obligatory; a 
legal cha: Poll, ‘cibuen thoer ae like. Chiefly 
in f/. Often with attrib. word, ex the 
nature of the charge, as admiral, dock, ter, 
harbour, light, market, Sound, tonnage dues, etc. ; 
eee eee E. E. T. S,) 86 Tyll the 
La le omm, » 2 Ds 
i Cor ee 


. Pibtiogs Wis nahh pets I 

won Hirelings Wks, 1 a ‘o seize 

a Due b: : 1660 F. Brooke roe 28 
vav. 213 Who have not 


the King dues for 
harvest of silk. 1709 SreeLe 


Swirt 7atler No. 66 
?1 The Parson of the goes to Law for half hi 


as to the 
speukied tha yaquent ebony dent 
+ 5. That which is due to be done; duty. Of 
due, as a matter of duty. Ods. 
¢ Lypc. Chorle § Bird 101 in Min. Poems (Percy 
Soc.) 182 To synge agayne, as was hir due. — Min, 
Poems 19 Of dew os thei oughte to doo, On procession withe 
1548 Gest Pr. Masse 7x To the full 
disc of my bonden dew herin, 1549-68 Srernnoip & 
Whereas of due you Id defend The 
jesse . 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 1, 658 
clea, that well knew All the observance of a 'S 
oe. flor Dewnen neice axe All dues perform'd which 
y Rites require. . 
+6. A right; of (sy) due, by right, by just title. 
wit and sufficiencie should 
aman to 
lL 


iv. § 12. (18 
time § the fu EP 
which is. 


DUE. : 


+'7. Due quality or character, propriety. Ods. 

1594 EW Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 90 If the same 

ow hot or cold beyond due. 1600 7ial Six C. Blunt in 

Sobbett State Triads (1809) I. 1422 For the honour of the 
Indictment and manifesting the due of their proceedings. 

8. Naut. What is duly or thoroughly done: 
in phrase for a full due = thoroughly, for good 
and all; so that it will not need to be done again. 

1830 Marryat King’s Own xiii, Desire the carpenter to 
nail up the hatchway-screens .. We'll keep them up for 
a full due. ¢1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 32 How 
will you turn in the lower rigging when it is marked off for 
a fall due? 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Full due, for 
good; for ever; complete; belay. 1884 Luce Seamanship 
116 (Cent.) The stays and then the shrouds are set up for 
a full due. ; 

+ Due, v.! Ods. [variant of Dow v.2: cf. 
EnpuE=endow.] trans. To endow, invest, endue. 

1394 P. Pl. Crede 776 Fraunces founded hem nou3t to 
faren on pat wise, Ne Domynik dued hem neuer swiche 
drynkers to worbe. 1591 SHaks. 1 Hen. VJ, w. ii. 34 This 
is the latest Glorie of thy praise, That I thy enemy, dew 
thee withall. 2 

+ Due, v.2 Obs. rare. [f. Dur a.] zmpers. To 
be due, to fall due; to be proper or fit. 

1603 Drayton Odes vi. 16 Which when it him deweth, 
His Fethers he meweth. . 

Due, obs. form of Dew. 

Dueful (dif), a. arch. [f. Dun a@.+-FUL: an 
anomalous Spenserian formation, prob. on some 
such analogy as right, rightful.] Due, duly 
belonging, appropriate. 

1596 SpENSER /. Q. Iv. xi. 44 To doe their dueful service, 
as to them befell. /dzd. vii. vi. 35 Of my desert, or of my 
dewfull Right. [Also rv. i. 6; vi. x. 32.] 1855 SINGLETON 
Virgil I. 84 Ere to the furrows you consign Their dueful 
seeds. /did. 316 For the altars he The dueful sacrifices slew. 


Dueil, obs. f. Dox 52.2, after later French. 

Duel (diz-él), sd. Also 7 duell. [a. F. duel, 
ad. It. duello or med.L. duellum, an ancient form 
of L. ded/um, retained in archaic lang. and by the 
poets, and app. appropriated in late or med.L, to 
the fight of two combatants. The L. ducl/um was 
also in earlier Eng. use. 

Isidore c. 600 says ‘Bellum antea duellum vocatum, eo 
quod sunt duz dimicantium partes, vel quod alterum faciat 
victorem et alterum victum ’.] 

1. A regular fight between two persons; a single 
combat. sec. +a. A judicial single combat ; trial 
by wager of battle. Obs. exc. Hist. 

[1284 Act 12 Edw. J (Stat. Walliz) c. 8, Placita de terris 
in partibus istis non habent terminari per duellum, neque 
per magnam assisam. 1299 see Fine sd. 6. 1397 W. 
Wyre. Ann. in Wars Eng. in Fr. (Rolls) 11. 1. 754 Duel- 
lum inter Henricum ducem Lancastriz, appellantem, et 
comitem Norfolche, defendentem. 1600 Asp. Assot E£-x/. 
Yonah 550 How many lawes did Moses make, but none for 
the duellum or combat betweene two?] 1611 SPEED //ist. 
Gt. Brit. x. vi. 23 Were it not for his function, he would 
enter the Duell or Combat with them in the field, to acquit 
himselfe both of Treason and Perjury. 1709 STEELE Tatler 
No. 31 ? 1 When a Man is sued, be it for his Life or his 
Land, the Person that joins the Issue, whether Plaintiff or 
Defendant, may put the Trial upon the Duel. 1875 J. 
Fowter in Yorks. Archzol. ¥rni. U1. 270 Acertain man.. 
was vanquished in a duel. 

b. In current use: A private fight between two 
persons, pre-arranged and fought with deadly 
weapons, usually in the presence of at least two 
witnesses called seconds, having for its object to 
decide a personal quarrel or to settle a point of 
honour. 

[1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 65 This kind of chalenging and 
fighting man to man, vnder the name of Dued/ua, which is 
vsed now a dayes among souldiers and men of honour, and 
by long custome authorized, to ae a man of an iniury 
receiued.] 1611 Coryat Crudities 506 They fought a Duell, 
that is, a single combat in a field hard by Spira. a 1616 
Braum. & Fi. Fr. Lawyer. i, Private Duells which had 
their first originall from the French. @ 1683 Sipney Disc. 
Govt, 11. xxviii. (1704) 353 When Duels were in fashion (as 
all know they were lately). 1727 Swirt What passed in 
Lond. Wks. 1755 III. 1. 186 A duel.was fought .. between 
two colonels. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xi, He and Mr. 
Haredale are going to eet a duel. 

ce. A sustained fight between two animals, 

1890 Baker Wild Beasts § their Ways 1. 287, I never .. 
witnessed a duel between this dopians a leopard. Jdid. 
303 During this duel [of two bucks] the herd of females 
stood entranced. i : 

2. Duelling, as a practice having its code of laws. 

1615 Tomkis Albumazar ww. vii, Understand’st thou well 
nice points of duel?..by strict laws of duel, I am excus’d 
To fight on disadvantage. 1822 SHELLEY tr. Calderon's 
Magico Prod. 1. 247, I know little of the laws of duel. 

3. Any contest between two persons or parties. 

159% Sytvester Du Bartas 1, iii. 802 If he [Aconite] finde 
our bodies fore-possest With other Poyson .. with his Rivall 
enters secret Duel. 1612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl., N. 7. 1. 
iii (Christ tempted), This duel was for us. 1671 Mitton 
P. R, 1. 173 Victory and triumph to the Son of God Now 
entering his great duel. 1781 Cowper Convers. 84 Preserve 
me from..A duel in the form of a debate. 1839 ALIson 
Hist. Europe (1849-50) VII. xlii. § 27. 110 It was a duel 
between France and England, and France succumbed. 
1888 Pall Mall G. 1 Aug. 1/1 The duel between Mr. 
Parnell and Mr. Chamberlain hardly came up to general 
expectation. 

Comb., as duel-cut, -trial. 

1631 in Cobbett St. Trials, Ld. Uchiltrie U1. 474 If his 

majesty is sities to admit torture before a duel-trial, the 
OL, . 


705 


pannel is ready .. to bear out the torture. 1871 CaRLYLF in 
Mrs. C.’s Lett. 1. 33 Big German refugee..scarred with 
duel-cuts. 

Duel (dizél),v. [f.prec.sb.: cf.med.L. duellare.] 

1. zntr. To fight a duel; to engage in single 
combat. Also zo duel zt. 

¢ 1645 Vox Turturis 8 Dimicare, to duell or fight. a 1661 
Futter Worthies 1, (1662) 179 The thirty English, who for 
the honour of the Nation, undertook to duel with as many 
Britons. a@1679 Eart OrreEry Guzman 1, Nay, if you will 
duel it, you shall do it without Seconds. 1795 S. RoGERs 
Poems, Written for Mrs. Siddons 99 The Sires .. Knelt for 
a look, and duelled for a smile. 1886 W. J. Tucker £. 
Europe 61 ‘We duel a great deal, and must be ready, on the 
slightest provocation, to defend our honour’. 

+2. ¢rans. To encounter in a duel or combat. 

a@ 1659 CLEVELAND Gen. Poems, etc. (1677) 152 This is an 
Heresie where you stand alone, and..with your single Valour 
duel an Army. 1698 B. F. A/odest Censure 31 Dr. Whitby 
and Mr. Norris, who have duell’d one another about the 
Love of the Creature. 1703 MAUNDRELL Yourn. Ferus. 
(1721) 38 The Stage on which St. George duell'd and kill’d 
the Dragon. 

+b. To overcome or kill in a duel. Ods. 

1673 O. WaLkEr Zduc. 60 How many have bin murthered, 
more duelled, upon play-quarrels! @1716 Soutn Serm, 
(1737) I. vi. 215 He might so fashionably and genteelly .. 
have been duelled or fluxed into another world. 

Hence Dwelling A?/. a. 

1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 58, I was talking 
over the correspondence with a duelling gentleman. 

Duel, obs. f. Doe sé.", grief; obs. f. DwELL, 

Dueliche, duelie, obs. forms of Duty. 

+Duwellary, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. duell-um (see 

Dvet) + -ary.] Relating to duels or duelling. 

1613-18 Daniet Col/. Hist. Eng. (1626) 38 No more then 
would the Lumbards forsake their duellary Lawes in Italy. 

+ Duella‘tion. Ods. rare. [n. of action f. med.L. 
duellire to DuEL.] Combat of two antagonists. 

1soz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) Iv. xxi. 250 
Torneys duellacyon or the fight of two men. 

Dueller, dueler (divélo1). [f. Durr v.] 

1. One who duels; a duellist. 

1628 Earte Microcosm., Sceptick in Relig. (Arb.) 67 His 
conscience interposes itself betwixt Duellers. 1741 Richarp- 
son Pamela II. 297, I have been accused..as a Dueller, 
and now as a Profligate. 1842 Muar in Nozconf. I. 81 
Gamesters, duelers, adulterers, scoffers, the foes of God and 
the pests of men. 

Jig. 1668 DrypENn Evening’s Love 1. i, These perpetual 
talkers, disputants,..and duellers of the tongue ! 

2. A duelling pistol or revolver. 

1836 E. Howarp R. Reefer xxxvii, His long-barrelled 
Manton duellers. , nia 

Duelling, dueling (divéin), v7. sd. [f. as 
prec. +-1nG1.] The fighting of duels. 

1654 W. MountacuE Devout Ess. u. xi. § 3 (R.) I have 
character'd this spirit of duelling as ugly and deform’d as 
Icould. r7rx Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IIL. 163 
The House of Commons have brought in a Bill to prevent 
Duelling and make it Felony. 1857 BuckLe Crvi/iz. 1. ix. 
584 Duelling has from the beginning been more popular in 
France than in England. 

attrib. 1697 Cottier Ess. Mor. Subj. 1. (1703) 143 Religion 
will not endure the duelling principle. 1842 S. Lover 
Handy Andy iii, Engaged in cleaning the duelling pistols. 

+ Duellion, Oés. rare. [ad. med.L. duelléon-em 
=duellium, duellum.) A duel. 

1728 Rawiinson Hist. Sir ¥. Perrott 228 The recital of 
privat Quarrells, Duellions, or contentions. 

+ Durellism. Obs. rare. [f. DuEL+-1sM; prob. 
after duel/ist.] A duel, contest between two. 

¢1609 Donne Let. to Sir H. G. Wks. (Alford) VI. 313 
Those single Duellisms between Rome and England. 

Duellist, duelist (diélist). Also 7 dualist. 
[f. Duxn sd, + -1st; prob. after F. due/liste (16- 
17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. It. dwellista.] 
One who fights duels, or practises duelling. 

1592 Suaks. Rom. § Ful. u. iv. 33 He fights as you sing 
pricksong, keeps time, distance, and proportion, he rests 
his minum, one, two, and the third in your bosom: the 
very butcher of a silk button, a Dualist, a Dualist. 1616 
B. Jonson Efigr. 1. xviii, He hath no honour lost, our 
Due'llists say. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) II. 1. i. 2 Many 
worthy men Wiig bem in the sad case of the surviving 
duellist. 18r5 Scotr Guy M. xvi, What I have written 
will not avail. .the professed duellist. 

Jig. 1676 Bovte Alcali §& Acidum vii. Wks. 1772 IV. 291 
The Duellists (or the two jarring principles of alkali and 
acidum). Jdid. passim. 17o6in Prius (ed. Kersey). 1856 
Frouve Hist, Eng. I. xi. 499 The blind wrestling of con- 
troversial duellists. 

Hence Duelli*stic a., pertaining to a duellist. 

1873 H. Curwen Hist. Booksellers 147 He escaped all duel- 
listic dangers. 1881 Wor/d 12 Jan. 6 Mr. Irving's duellistic 
performance as Fabian dei Franchi. 

+ Duellize, v. Ods. [f. Durt + -1zE.] 
To engage in a duel or combat. 

1632 Vicars 4ineid v.(N.), The furious duellizing chariots 
swift Burst from their bounds, 66x K. W. Conf. Charac., 
Courtier (1860) 22 That makes him so duellize and quarrell 
for the one. a@ 1693 Urquuart Rade/ais u1. xiii. 350 The 
Lists of a Duellizing Engagement. 

|| Duello (dverlo). [It. (deello)=Dvuzt.] 

1. Duelling, as a custom having its laws and 
tules ; the established code of duellists. 

1588 Saks. LZ. L. L.1. ii. 185 The Passado hee cts 
not, the Duello he regards not. a@ 1613 Oversury A Ws fe 
(1638) 243 But observes not the lawes of the Duello. 1842 
S. Lover Handy Andy iii, The most accomplished regulator 
of the duello. 1863 H. Kincstey A. Zéliot, Under the 
infernal, devil-invented system of the duello; ° 


intr. 


DUETTO. 
+2. A duel (Zt. and fig.). Obs. 


1612 Fietp Woman a Weathercock u. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XI. 44 Setting this duello of wit aside. @1625 FLETCHER 
Nice Valour in. ii, And spurn out the duelloes out o’ th’ 
kingdom. 1826 Scott Woodst. xxv, None shall fight 
duellos here. 

Duelly, duely, duelye, obs. forms of Dury. 

Duelsome (diz‘élsim), a. [f. Duet sé., after 
guarrelsome.| Given or inclined to duelling. 

1840 Tuackeray Paris Sk.-book ii. (1872) 21 Being incor- 
rigibly duelsome on his own account. 

ueness (diz‘nés). [f. DuE @.+-NnEss.] The 
quality of being due : in various senses of the adj. 
162r W. Sciater 7ythes (1623) 153 There is..a Paro- 
chicall or particular duenesse of ‘Tithes. 1646 Ord. Lords 
& Com. Susp. Tryers 9 The duenesse of their election. 
1651 Baxter /uf Baft. 175 The promise determineth of 
the dueness of the reward. The threatening determineth of 
the dueness of the Penalty. @1679 T. Goopwin Ex, 1 
Eph. Wks. I. 1. 199 When God had dissolved that duen 
that debt, (as I may call it,) that obligation. 1862 Ruskin 

Unto this Last 98 The..dueness of wages. a1866 J. 
Grote Lavan. Utilit. Philos. viii. (1870) 142 The rational 
recognition of duty or dueness. 

Duenna (dizjeni). Also 7 douegna, 8 
duegna, duena. [Sp. dweva (dwe'n’a), formerly 
spelt denna, married lady, mistress (fem. of defo 
master) :—L. domzina lady, mistress.] 

1. a. The chief lady in waiting upon the queen 
of Spain. b. An elderly woman, occupying a 
position between governess and companion, and 
having charge over the girls of a Spanish family. 

1668 R. L’Estrance Vis. Quev. (1708) 64 I am call’d (says 
she) Douegna, or Madam the Gouvernante. 1681 DrypEN 
Sp. Friar 1. ii, Enter Elvira’s Duenna, and whispers to 
her. 1715 C’tess D’Anois IVs. 141 One of my Lady 
Constable’s Duegna’s desir’d to speak with her. 1761 H. 
Watrote Lett. to Mann 10 Sept. (1857) Il]. 435 Kitty 
Dashwood..living in the palace as Duenna to the queen. 
1832 W. Irvinc Alhambra 1. 293 The Princesses hung 
round their old duenna, and coaxed, and entreated. 

2. Any elderly woman whose duty it is to watch 
over a young one; a chaperon. 

1708 Mrs. Centiivre Busie Body u. ii, You are her 
duenna. 1820 W. Invinc Sketch Bk. (1859) 111 There is no 
duenna so rigidly prudent, and inexorably decorous, as a 
superannuated coquette. 1827 Scott Prz/. 18 Jan., He 
used..to have a duenna of a housekeeper to sit in his study 
with him while he wrote. 1877 Riva Vivienne vi. i, Her 
home is guarded by a dragon-like duenna, 

3. Comb., as ducnna-léke aj. 

1802 H. Martin //elex of Glenross 1. 188, I never had 
Duenna-like talents. 

Hence (vonce-zwds.) Duennadom, the realm of 
duennas; Duennaship, the position or office of 
a duenna; Duenna-ish, Duennesque ad/s., like 
or characteristic of a duenna. 

1821 Examiner 205/1 Her voice and eye were..not at 
all Duenna-ish. 1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly M11. 
123 The ancient dames of duennadom may purse their 
withered lips. 1881 DurrieLp Dow Quix. III. xxxviii. 320 
When the duennesque squadron had finished coming in. 
1884 Hunter & Wuyte Ay Ducats & My Dau. xi. (1885) 
154 Camilla’s aunt..regulated Mr. Arden’s household affairs, 
and exercised a shadowy duennaship over his daughter. 

Duer, var. Dower sé.) Ods., burrow. 

Duerech, Duergh, Duerwe, Duery, obs. 
forms of DwaRF, 

Duere, rare obs. form of Dear a.! 

Duesse : see DEwEss, goddess. 


Duet, duett (dizjet), sd. [ad. It. duetto: 
see below.] A musical composition for two voices 


or two performers. 

1740 Dycue & Parvon, Duet. 1787 (title) Apollo's Cabinet 
..an accurate Collection of English and Italian Songs, 
Cantatas, and Duetts. 1797 Mrs. Rapcuirre /tadian i. 
(1826) 10 They. .opened the serenade with a duet, 1884 F. 
M. Crawrorp Rom. Singer I. 47 You can. .take me to her 
house to sing duets, as part of her lesson. 

transf. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xxii, When Miggs had 
finished her solo, her mistress struck in again, and the two 
together performed a duet. 1876 Miss Brappon ¥. Hag- 
gard’s Dau. Il. 92 The two young women performed a 
sobbing duet. 1890 Daily News 13 Sept, 3/1 Two sisters... 
wore recently an original duet of gowns in these colours. 

attrib. and Comb, 1819 Metropolis 1. 156 Your duet 
singer. 1836 Syp. SmitH Jem, (1855) II. 383, I have fallen 
into the duet life, and it seems to do very well. 

Duet, -ett, v. [f. prec.] zr. To perform a 
duet. ; 

1822 Byron Let. to Moore 12 July, You can spare time 
from duetting. 1879 G. Merepitu £Zgoist Il. ii. 29 As 
accordantly coupled..as a drum duetting with a bass-viol. 

Duete(e, -ie, y(e, obs. forms of Duty. 

Duettist (diae'tist). [f. Durr 5d.+-1s7; ef. 
soloist.) One who takes part in a duet. 

1876 J. Goutp Letter-press Printer 100 Mr. and Mrs. J. 
H, will be the duettists. 1887 Daily News ip eed 3(7 Well 
known in music-hall circles as a duettist and dancer. 

| Duettino (dvett?no). [It.: dim. of duetto 
Dvuet.] ‘ A duet of short extent and concise form 
(Grove Dict. Music 1879). z 

1839 Loner. Hyferion iv. iv, Ariettas and duettinos suc- 
ceed each other. 1842 Musical World XVII. 83/3 (title) 
Three Duettinos for the Cornet & Pistons. __ 

|| Duetto (dwertto). [It. duetto, dim. of duo 
a duet : see Duo.] = Durr; also transf. ‘ 

1724 Short Explic. For. Words in Music. Bhs. (Stanf.) 
Duetti, or duetto, are little Songs or Airs in = 


DUFF. 


173 Mrs. Penparves in J/rs. ears Life & Corr. 275 

y to sing a duetto out of y* ars’ Opera, 
1815 W. H. Irevanp Scribbleomania 55 note, ‘The literary 
pretensions of this once metrical and corresponding duetto. 
1820 Scorr Monast. xviii, They then .. set off in a sort of 
d ing the ad ges of the situati 

Duff (dzf), sd.! [orig. a northern pronunc. of 
Doucu: cf. enough.) a. Dough, paste. (dza/.) 
b. A flour pudding boiled in a bag; a dumpling. 

1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast iv. 7 To enhance the value 
of the Sabbath to the crew, they are allowed on that day a 
pudding, or, as it is called, a ‘duff’, 1847-78 Hattiwett, 
Duff, dough, e. North. ax870 J. P. Rosson Wor 
Mally Torned Bloomer (Northumb. ‘Gloss.), Aw wesh'd 
the currans, wey'd the duff. C. Kine Mountain. 
Sierra Nev. vii. 139 Crowning the repast with a duff, ac- 
curately globular. 1880 Besant & Rice Seamy Side 1.8 
Two helps of minced veal and two of currant duff. 

Comb. 1883 Chamb. Frnl. 142 The sailors’ duffbags. 

Duff (dvf), 56.2 local. [Possibly the same as 
prec. ; but more prob. onomatopceic, or associated 
with the sound made in striking a soft spongy 
substance. ] 

1. Sc. a. ‘The soft or spongy part of a loaf, a 
turnip, a new cheese, etc.’ b. ‘ A soft spongy peat’ 
(Jam.). 

2. Sc. and U.S. The decaying vegetable matter 
(fallen leaves, etc.) which covers forest ground. 

1844 W. H. Maxwett Sports & Adv. Scotl. xvi. (1855) 150 
Dung, mixed with duff-mould. 1 Pop. Sc. Monthly 
XIIT. 289 (Cent.) This duff (composed of rotten spruce-trees, 
cones, needles, etc.) has the power of holding water almost 
equal to a sponge. 1886 Rep. Forest Comm. State N.Y. 
102 (Cent.) I have seen the smoke from fires in the duff 
even after the snow has fallen. 

3. Coal dust or smaller coals, after separation of 
the nuts; slack, dross. Also duff-coal. 

1865 Jevons Coal Quest. (1866) 363 We could hardly pro- 
hibit the burning of duff and slack coal on the colliery heaps. 
1867 W. W. Smytu Coal § Coal-mining 243 The extended 
use .. of slack and the smaller varieties of screened coal 
(pease and duff). 1887 Pall Mall G, 2 Nov. 6/1 One ton 
of common duff coal..has generated as much steam as two 
tons of good bituminous coal. 1892 [see Dross s/. 2b]. 

Duff (dof), v. slang or collog. [A word of 
thieves’ slang. Evidently closely related to DuFFER 
sb. from which (appearing so much later) it may 
be a back-formation.] 

1. ¢rans. To dress or manipulate (a thing) fraudu- 
lently, so as to make it look like new or to give it 
the appearance of something which it is not; to 
‘fake up’. 

c¢ 1838 J. Vai in Mem. (1839) 26 My pillow was a duffed 
great coat. 1870 W. B. Sanpers in 315¢ Rep. Dep. Keeper 
Public Rec. p. vi, Some of these.. MSS. were so very bad 
that it would have been impossible to duffthem. 1892 Edin. 
Evening News 3 Mar.2 A good deal of the old plate was 
* duffed ’. 

2. (Australia). To alter the brands on (stolen 
cattle) ; to steal (cattle), altering the brands. 

1869 E. C. Bootn Another Eng. 138 The man who owned 
the ‘duffing paddock ’ was said to have a knack of altering 
cattle brands. 1881 Cheg. Career 306 In such districts 
‘duffing’ cattle is thought rather a smart thing to do. 
1890 BoLprewoop Sguatter’s Dream xiv. 162 He'd think 
more of duffing a red heifer than all the money in the 
country. 

3. To cheat, do out of fraudulently. 

1863 Sata Capi. Dangerous III. ix. 305 Allowing him to 
duff me out of a few score pieces at the game of Lansquenet, 

Hence Du‘ffing v/. s4.; also attri. 

1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour 1. 380 ‘ Duffing' and all that 
is going down fast. 1858 Fonscanque Life § Ladours (1874) 
279 Duffing..is the art of giving such a gloss and air of 
novelty to old clothes as to pass them off for new. 1869 

see 2]. 1881 Cheg. Career 329 ‘ Cattle-duffing’ and free- 
tery. 1889 Botprewoop Kobdery under Arms (1890) 27 
It was a duffing yard, sure enough. : 
|| Duffadar. £. Jndies. [Pers. and Urdi 


ye dafacdar a subaltern of cavalry.) ‘A 


saved officer of native police ; and in regiments of 
regular Cavalry, a non-commissioned officer 
corresponding in rank to a corporal’ (Yule). 

1800 WeLiincton Disp. (1844) I. _ (Stanf.) 24 pagodas 
for a maistry or duffadar. 1892 Pall Madi G. 15 Mar. 5/3 
Two native officers, two Kote Duffadars, and three others. 


Duffel, duffle (dv‘f'l). Also 7-8 duffield, 
7-9 duffil. [Named from Duffel, a town of Bra- 
bant, between Antwerp and Mechlin.] 

1. A coarse woollen cloth having a thick nap or 
frieze. 

1677 PLor ro dag = 279 These Duffields, so called from 


a Town in Brabant, where the trade of them first began... 
otherwise called s! 


, and by the Merchants, trucking 
cloth. 1693 Lond. Gaz. No. 2914/4 Broad-Cloths, Serges 
half thicks, Duffils, Kerseys. ¢ . Mitter Deser, N. 
York (1843) 42 Indian goods, as duffels, shirts. 1769 De 
Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 11. 283 Witney..They likewise make 
here the Duffield Stuffs, a Yard and three Quarters wide, 
which are carried to New-England and Virginia, and much 
worn even here in Winter. 1802 Worvsw. Alice Fell 53 
Let it be of duffil grey. 1856 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. Il. 289 
f you weren’t satisfied with the duffle. 1864 CartyLe 
Fredk, Gt. xt. iv. (1865) IV, 66 Muffled-up in a dressing- 
gown of coarse blue duffel, 

2. U.S. Change of flannels; personal effects 
taken by a sportsman or camper-out, 

1884 G. W. Sears Woodcraft 4 (Cent.) Every one has gone 
to his chosen ground with too much impedimenta, too much 


706 


duffle. 1889 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. 11. 188 His dainty 
Some ce whee tae Wate tepend tne ae sank a oe 
amount of duffle. 


8. attrib. Made or consisting of duffel. 

1699 J: Dickenson ¥rni. Trav. 70 He gave each of them 
a el Blanket. 1759 G. Wasnincton Writ, (1889) I. 
138 Light duffil Cloak with silver frogs. 1790 Newte Jour 

ug. 1S 246 Duffle great coats. Avuew Rhine 
260 Along grey great-coat like a duffle ing-gown. 

Duffer (dv'fo1), sd.' slang. [Connected with 
Durr v. From the date of the words and senses, 
it may be inferred that dufer in senses 1 and 2 
(the relative priority of which is uncertain) is the 
starting-point in Eng.; that Durr z. is a back- 
formation from this, to express the action of the 
duffer (in a somewhat later application), and that 
sense 3 of the sb. is, in turn, an agent-noun from 
the vb. Cf. also Durrine ff/. a., and DuFFER sb.* 

I. 1. One who sells trashy goods as valuable, 
upon false pretences, e. g. pretending that they are 
smuggled or stolen, and offered as bargains. 

1756 W. Totvervy Hist. Two Orphans I11. 61 These two 
Pi A .are after being duffers, or some such thieves. 1756 
Frievpine in Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 565 Another set of gamblers 
.. call’d duffers .. invite you to go down some alley, and 
buy some cheap India handkerchiefs. _ 1781 R. Kinc Mod. 
Lond. Spy 65 One of the people called Duffers, who pretend 
to sell smuggled goods, such as silk handkerchiefs, and 
stockings. 1832 E.raminer 268/1 On being searched, a 


| complete stock-in-trade of a duffer was found upon him. 


His hat was crammed with rings, brooches, seals, &c. .. 
and a couple of watches, apparently of immense value. .but 
got up in reality for the purposes of fraud. 1844 Dickens 
Mart. Chuz. xxxvii. 1851 Mayuew Lond. Latour 1. 324 
Duffers, who vend pretended smuggled goods..also, the 
sellers of sham sovereigns and sham gold rings for wagers. 

2. A pedlar or hawker : see quots. 

{x763 Sir S. T. Janssen Sweuggling laid open 19 These 
Duffers supply the Hawkers, who carry it about the Town, 
and sell it to the Consumers.] 1795 Fortn. Ramble 22 You 
have been dealing with a duffer.. they carry none but the 
worst of wares, and charge three times the value of them. 
1847-78 Hatuwe.t, Dufer, a pedlar; applied exclusively 


| to one who sells women’s clothes. South. 1884 S. DoweL. 


Hist. Taxation U1. 1. 1. iii. 38 A class of persons termed 
‘duffers’, ‘packmen’, or ‘Scotchmen’, and sometimes 
‘tallymen’, traders who go rounds with samples of goods, 


| and take orders for goods afterwards to be delivered. .These 
| duffers were numerous in Cornwall. 


II. 3. [f. Durr v. 1, 2.) a. One who ‘fakes 


| up’ sham articles. b. (Awstralia) One who ‘ duffs’ 


cattle. 

1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour (1861) II. 70 The ‘ Duffer’ 
in English birds disguises them so that they shall look like 
foreigners. 1889 BoLprewoop Robbery under Arms (1890) 
32 No cattle-duffer in the colonies could have had a better 

air of mates. 1890 — Col. Reformer xxv. 352 What’sa 
ittle money. .if your children grow up duffers and planters? 


Duffer, 54.2 collog. and slang. 

[The evident association of the word with Durrine Af/.a., 
‘a duffer’ being =‘a duffing fellow’, ‘a duffing coin or 
article’, appears to connect the word with Durr v. It is 
possible, though our quots. do not show it, that the applica- 
tion to things, e. g. toa counterfeit or base coin, is the earlier, 
and that the term was thence transferred to a man who is 
similarly ‘no good’. Less probable, though not out of the 
question, are the suggestions that a duffer is a man of duff 
or dough, or ‘spongy substance’ (see Durr sé.1, 2), or that 
the word is the same as Sc. duffar, duffart ‘a blunt stupid 

rson’, dofart, doofart, dowfart, ‘a dull heavy-headed 
inactive fellow’ (Jamieson). ] u 

1. collog. A person who proves to be without 

ractical ability or capacity; one who is incapable, 
inefficient, or useless in his business or occupation ; 
the reverse of an adept or competent person, Also 
more generally, a stupid or foolish person. 

1842 Lp. Hovcnton Let. in Wemyss Reid Life (1891) I. 
284, I do not think him the mere duffer that most people 
make him out, a1 Hoop (O.), ‘ Duffers’ (if I may use 
a slang term which has now become classical, and which 
has no exact equivalent in English proper) are ange 
methodical and old. 1873 Brack Pr. Thule xxv.(D.), ‘Do 

‘ou get £800 for a small picture?’.,‘ Well, no’..‘ but then 
a duffer’. 1887 Miss Brappon Like §& Uniike xvii, I 
was always a duffer at dancing. 1889 J. K, Jerome Three 
Men in Boat 17 ‘Is it all gt? +. ‘ Lovely .. You are 
duffers not to come in.’ 1891 Lane Angling Sketches 8 
Next to being an expert, it is well to be a contented duffer. 

2. slang. A counterfeit coin or article ; any article 
that is ‘no good’, Cf. Durr v. 1. 

1875 Jevons Money xxi. 289 The cheques, bills [etc.] are 
regarded by thieves as ‘duffer', with which they et bos 
meddle. 1 World V. No, 115.19 He had purchased a 
veritable ‘ duffer’ and could get no redress. 1881 Standard 
2 Sept. 5/3 The [picture] gallery of a wealthy but uncritical 
collector came to the mer, when. .nine-tenths of it were 
adjudged to consist of ‘duffers’, 1889 Answers 29 June 66/1 
(Farmer) If the note is a genuine one the wat ‘k will 
then stand out plainly. Ifa duffer it will almost lege ot 

3. Australian Mining. A claim or mine which 
proves unproductive. 

1861 T. McComaiz Austral. Sk, 193 It was a terrible 
duffer anyhow, every ounce of gold got from it cost £20 I'll 
swear. 1864 Rocers New Rush u. 33 ay here, the 
son of quartz and clay Forgets the duffer he has sunk 
to day. 1890 Melbourne Bale pd Bae | 4/6 We struck the 
reef at Christmas, but it was a duffer, 

Hence (once-wds.) Du‘fferdom, Du‘fferism, 
the style, character, or condition of a duffer. 

1893 Field 10 June 832/1 There is no wilful misconduct, 
but only hopeless dufferism. 1895 Zadlet 20 July 96 
Aspirations to escape dufferdom, 


DUG. 


Duffer, sé.3, variant of DorrEr. von 
1893 Westm. Gaz, 22 Apr. 3/1 There are two ame 
employed, called cagers and duffers ; ood 


con liceonan Snare he eine 
ing. Botprewoop Miner's i i 
duffered out again, Eat seme 3/AX 


Duffing (dzfin), Af/. a. slang. [f. DuFF v.] 


1. That off a worthless as valuable. 
1862 Herald 27 Dec. (Farmer) Houses..run up by 
the ‘ duffing’ builder, merely for 


Mayuew Lond, Labour (1861) I. 
: ng fiddles’. These are German-made instruments, 
and are sold to the Street-folk at 2s. 6d. or 35. 1873 
Times Jan. (Farmer) We know now that so-called ‘ duffing 
jewellery is scattered far and wide. 1883 Sword & Trowel 
July 355 ‘ Duffing’ canaries, or painted 
competent, inept, stupid, duffer-like. 

1881 J. Grant Cameronians l. iii. 39 A little brilliant 
singing, which Hew .. secretly stigmatised as ‘the most 
duffing caterwauling !’ 

e: see DUFFEL. 
Duffous, obs. form of DovEHOUSE. 
il, duftail: see DoveTain. 

Dufoil (dizfoil). Her. [f. L. duo two + Fou 
leaf; cf. trefoil, cinguefoil.| A two-leaved flower ; 
~~ Twayblade (Zistera ovata). 

R. Hotme Armoury u. iv. § 2.58 He beareth 
a Dufoile er Twyfoile, Vert, flowered, Purpure. 
Flower is like that which we commonly call Dogstones, 
.. but more spireing. 1889 E:vin ype Gloss., Dufoil, 
or Twy/foil, having only two leaves. 

Dufrenite (divfrensit). din. amed 1833 
after M. Dufrénoy, a French mineralogist.] Hy- 
drous —— of iron, occurring in dull-greenish 
nodules and fibrous masses. 

1850 Dana Min. 450 Dufrenite. 

enoysite (dizfrénoi'zait). Min. [Named 
1845 after M. Dufrénoy: see prec.] An arsenical 
sulphuret of lead, ing in highly modified 
prisms, of grey colour and metallic lustre. 
A . Jrnl. Sc. Ser. u. V. 268 Dufrenoysite i 
Ba Men pert of lead. 1868 Dana Min. 07 
|| Dufter (do-ftes). £. Indies. 8 -ur. 
[Arab., Pers. Urdii 5249 daftar record, register, 
ad. Gr. dp6épa skin.] a. A bundle of official 

a ; a register, record. b. A business office. 

1776 Trial of Foseph Fowke 18/1 The said Kialanders 
entered false records in the Duftur. 2 a 

tot 


Disp. (1844) 1. 76x (Stanf.), 1 refer 

this subject, which you will doubt find in t techer. 

1817 M. Wits Hist. Sk. S. Ind. xxv. I. 33 The business of 
or 


the treasury was “% d — d omg 
Dug (dvg), 53.1 Also 6-7 dugge. ot known 
before 16th ¢.: origin obscure. Perh. radically 


connected with Sw. a, Da. degge to suckle (a 
child).] The pap or udder of female ; 
also the teat or nipple; usually in reference to 
suckling. As applied to a woman's breast, now 


ed about her. 1592 
frog vont Like a milch doe, whose swelling dugs do 
ache. ‘opseit. Four-/. Beasts (1658) 519 The number 
finde the Sow hath 


E i Tet d womans 
we ee “Hinete , (Arb.) 34 Her dig with 
gird HAKS, 


ipples in the most convenient of the of 
poe re ony 1878 H. M. Grane Enek Coach. ee 
The enormous dugs which hung down from the bosoms 
the women. 
b. transf. and fig. a 
1670 Lassets Voy. /taly 1. 13x Lye hidden a while, at 
the dug of the booke. 1774 Gordex. Nat. Hist. (1776) 
VII. 253 Nature has supplied this animal [spider] with. . 
five dugs or teats for spinning it into thread. 1866 B. 
Taytor Poems, Mondamin, The savage dugs of fable. 
+e. Dug-tree, an old name of the Papaw-tree 
(Carica Papaya), apparently from the sins juice 
exuded by all parts of the tree when wounded. 
1640 PARKINSON F hea Bot. xvu. cxxix. 1649 Manoera 


mas & e male and egy re steed 
+ Dug, 50.2 Obs. Angling. ii worm 
used as a bait. Naw tily called dug-worm. 


's (1658) 811 Some are red, (which 
men Dugs). 1653 WALTON Angler iv. 93 
breed] amongst or of plants, as the dug worm, — ‘ 
N. Cox Gentil, Recreat. 1, (1677) 60 Baits for the Angler ; 
the Earth-worm, the Dug-worm, the M: Gentle. 


aggot or 
dog), ppl. a. pple. of Dig v.J Ob- 
notices Lor © ect Pisa laanemething, 
ete, : see the verb. 


1 Torset, Si 
we Engli 


Leont Palladio's Archit, (1742) 1. 4 All dug Stones 

ar sth rao malin 
ow ee a 

reat Sete Ae, Lee Hist. Columbus (Ohio 


15S Several excavations or ‘dugholes’, from which 
. seems to have been taken. 


DUGARDE. 


Dugarde: see D1Eu-GARDE. 

. Dugeperes, corrupt f. DouzErErs, Ods. 

- ishly, adv. Obs. nonce-wd, [f. *duggish 
adj. (f. Dua sd.1+-ISH) +-Ly 2. 

16x Cotcr., Mammellement, duggishly, breast-fashion, 
pap-like, 1653 Urquuart Radelais 1. vil. (1694) 24 This 
point hath been found duggishly scandalous. 

» a. Obs. rare~°. [f. Dua sb.1+-y.] 
161x Corcr., Tetassier. .duggie, hauing great. .dugs. 
Dughtie, -y, obs. forms of Doveury. 
Dugion, obs. form of DupGEon sé.! 

+ Dugon. Sv. Oés. Also 6 dogone. [perh., 
as Jamieson suggests, a. F. doguin ‘a filthie great 
old curre’ Cotgr., dim. of dogue dog.] A worth- 
less fellow : a term of contempt. 

108 Dunsar 7ua Mariit Wemen 458 Thir damysellis. . 
That dogonis haldis in dainte, and delis with thaim so 
lang. 1820 Hocc Wint. Even. T. 1. 292 (Jam.) When ane 
comes to close quarters wi’ him, he’s but a dugon. 

Dugong (dé@gpn). [a. Malay name diéyong. 

Barchewitz, 1751, gives dugung as the name in the Philip- 

ine isle of Leyte; this was adopted 1765 by Buffon 

Hist. Nat. XI11. 374) as dugon, and by Gmelin, Linn, 
Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 1788, as dugong.] 

A large aquatic herbivorous mammal (Ha/icore 
dugong, order Sirenia) inhabiting the Indian seas. 

1800 G. SHaw Gen. Zool. 1. 239 Trichecus Dugong (Gre7.). 
Dugon (Buffon). Indian Walrus (Pennant Quadr.). This 
species, in the Philippine Islands, is said to be called by the 
name of Dugung. 1820 Sir S. Rarrres in Phil. Trans. 
CX. 174 (tite) Some account ofthe Dugong. /d7d. 180 The 

[alays. .distinguish two varieties, the duyong 4amdan, and 
the duyong éazta/d; the latter much thicker and shorter in 
—— 1835 Kirsy Had. § /ust. Anine II. xxiv. 496 

he Dugong .. 1s the only animal yet known that grazes at 
the bottom of the sea. Sk. Nat. Hist., Mammalia 
III. 126 We have .. alluded to the dugong or duyong, 
and the lamantin.. belonging to the pachydermatous order. 
pe | H. H. Romitty Verandah in N. Guinea 189 On the 
surface of the water there were several dugong asleep. 

pe ay ppl. a. and sb, [See Due Zi. a., 
and dig out, Dic v. 13 b.] 

A. ppl. a. Hollowed out by digging, excavated. 

1886 Atheneum 24 Apr. 556/3 In some cases the station 
was completely insulated, and reached only by means of 
dug-out canoes. 1887 Archvrologia L. 370 Dug-out boats 
of more or less rude construction. 1889 Sfectator 14 Dec. 
838 Ordinary dug-out canals like that of Suez. 

B. sé. (chiefly U.S.) 1. A canoe made by 
hollowing out the trunk of a tree. 

1819 J. A. Quitman in Clairborne Lz (1860) I. 42 At 
Wheeling .. we purchased a small canoe, called here a 
‘dug-out’, or ‘man-drowner’. 1839 Marryat Diary Amer. 
Ser. 1. II. 57 We had no boat with us, not even a dug-out. 
1887 Archzologia L. 370 Ship-building..of a very superior 
kind to these rude dug-outs. 

2. A rough kind of dwelling formed by an 
excavation in the ground (usually in a slope or 
bank), roofed with turf, canvas, etc. 

1881 Chicago Times 16 Apr., Instead of ‘dug-outs’ on the 
rairies, he found the farmers living in large, handsome 
frame houses. 1883 Leisure Hour 281/2 The Kansas 
*dug-outs’ consist .. of a square hole dug in the ground, 
roofed either by a canvas waggon-cloth or..with sods. 
Duhti, obs. form of Dovcury, 

|| Duiker, duyker (doitko1). [Du. ducker 
(dvzé-ker) :—-MDu. ditker = Ger. taucher ducker or 
diver: see DuckER 1,] In full, duzherdbok: A small 
South African antelope, Cephalopus mergens; so 
called from its habit of plunging through the 
bushes when pursued. 

1777 G. Forster Voy. round World 1.84 The duyker or 
diving antelope .. is not yet sufficiently known. 1786 
Sparrman Voy. Cafe G. H. 11. 224 As for the duyker-bok, 
or diving goat, I have only had a single glimpse of it. 1834 
Princie Afr. Sk. 23 And the duiker at my tread Sudden 
lifts his startled head. 1895 Longw. Mag. July 263 Dainty 
steinboks and timid duykers..began to feed. “ 

, duill, obs. or Sc. forms of DoxE 53.2, grief. 
Duillie, Sc. form of Doty Oés., doleful. 
Duir, -e, obs. Sc. forms of Door, Dune a., hard. 


+ Duistre. Obs. rare. [a. AF. dudstre, var. of 
OF. duitre (obj. case duztor):—L. diictor, diictorem, 
leader.] A leader, conductor. 

i Gower Con/. I. 76 (Fairf. MS.) That pei be Duistres 
ol 


weie. 

Fe mci & Obs. rare. [f. L. duo two; after 
unity. ‘wofold nature or condition ; duality. 

1645 M. Casauson Orig. Temp. Evils 16 Plutarch .. 
writeth, that he the said Pythagoras called..the unity, God ; 
and the. .duitie daemon. (Cf. 1642 H. More Life of Soud 
xxvi. 7 But he [Demon]'s the fount of foul duality.] 

Duk, duke, obs. Sc. forms of Duck. 

Duke (dik), sd. Forms: 2-6 due, (3 dux), 
3-4duk, 4-duke. (Also 3-5 duyk, 3-6 duck, -e, 
4 douk, -e, douc, deuk, 5 dukke, dwk, -e, doke, 
doyk, duche, 5-6 dewke, duque, duce, Sv. 
duik.) [ME. duc, duk, a. F. duc, in OF. nom. dix, 
ducs, dus (11-12th c. in Littré), early ad. L. dux, 


duc-em, leader, commander, general. (If the Latin ~ 


word had come down in OF., its form would have 
been dots, doix: cf. croix, notx, OF. crots, nots :— 
‘L. crucem, nucem.)] 
. #1. A leader; a leader of an army, a captain or 
general; a chief, ruler. Obs. 

cr20g Lay. 264 Pe 3et leouede Asscani, pe on pan londe 


707 


was duc, /bid. 268 Pa sende Asscani, pe wes lauerd and 
dux. @1300 Cursor M. 17979 Sathan .. duke of deep 
& prynce of helle. c1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. I. 340 A 
duk bat shal reule my folk of Israel.  /déd. III. 137 Jesus 
Crist duke of our batel. 1382 — Ps. Ixxix. 10 [Ixxx. 9] 
Duke of the weie thou were in his si3t. 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
De P. R. xvui. iii. (1495) 749 The ramme that is duke and 
defender of other shepe. 1430-40 Lypc. Bochas vit. ix. (1554) 
173 a, Duke Moses, by god was made their gyde. _¢ 1449 
Prcock Refr. iV. vii. 460 Dukis and reulers of the chirche. 
1460 CarGRrave Chron. 237 The Comones risen ageyn the 
kyng and the lordes .. Her duke was Wat Tyler, a proude 
knave and malapert. 1533 BELLENDEN Livy tv. (1822) 339 
Na man may be callit duke, bot he alanerlie be quhais avise 
the army is led. 1591 Sy_vestER Du Bartas i. i. 346 The 
great Duke, that (in dreadful aw) Upon Mount Horeb 
learn’d th’ eternall Law. [1869 Daily News 26 Jan., Now-a- 
days Dukes do not lead. Dux a non ducendo is the true 
political etymology of the title.] 

b. Rendering L. dx, a provincial military 
commander, under the later emperors. 

1652 NEepuam tr. Selden’s Mare Cl. 234 The Counts or 
Dukes of the Midland parts and the Count of the Sea-Coast 
or Saxon Shore, had distinct charges. 1781 Gipson Dec, 
& F. xvii. II. 44 Under their orders thirty-five military 
commanders were stationed in the provinces.. All these pro- 
vincial generals were therefore dukes; but no more than 
ten among them were dignified with the rank of costs or 
companions, a title of honour, or rather of favour, which 
had been recently invented in the court of Constantine. 
1836 Penny Cycl. V. 445/2 Three other principal officers are 
mentioned—the Comes littoris Saxonict per Britanniam.. 
the Comes Britanniarum (Count of Britain), and the Dir 
Britanniarum (Duke of Britain). We have translated the 
words Comes and Dix, by Count and Duke, after Horsley. 

e. In O.T. rendering dux of the Vulgate, 7yenar 
of LXX, in sense ‘chief or leader of a tribe’. 

1382 Wyc.iF Gez. xxxvi. 40 Thes thanne the names of the 
dukis [1388 duykis] of Esau..the duke [v.7. duyk] Thanna, 
the duke Alua, the duke Jezeth [etc.]..thes the dukys [v.7. 
duykis] of Edom, the dwellers in the loond of his empire. 
[So x61 and &. V. 1885; Coverp. has ‘ prynce, prynces ’.] 

2. In some European countries: A sovereign 
prince, the ruler of a small state called a duchy. 

Five dukes (with six gvand-dukes) rule states included 
in the new German Empire. Two Italian dukes (and one 
grand-duke) remained as rulers of independent states down 
to 1860, 

(In this: sense, the name is partly derived from the late 
Roman use of dux (1 b), partly the English rendering 
(through med.L. dux, F. duc, It. duca) of Ger. herzog, 
OHG. herizogo, OE. heretoga, lit. ‘leader of warlike host’. 
Throughout the Frankish empire, the Merovingian kings 
appointed duces to superintend several frontier comitatus 
(the dux being superior to the comes). These duces of 
Aquitaine, Allemania, etc. were purely official. But in the 
half of Germany not under the Franks there still existed 
‘dukes’ of another kind. The Teutonic evizogo was 
originally the temporary war-chief of a tribe, as opposed to 
the civil chief or king. He occasionally made himself 
permanent head of the volksstam, while still retaining his 
title (e.g. in Bavaria). In Germany, this class of ‘duke’ 
came to an end when Charlemagne destroyed the last 
independent German states. Under the Carolingians, the 
dux was, east and west of the Rhine alike, an offcial 
ruling a province. But, in the decay of this dynasty, the 
dukes everywhere became hereditary and practically in- 
dependent. Hence came, in the West, the dukes of 
Aquitaine, Burgundy, Normandy, etc.; in the East, those 
of Franconia, Saxony, Suabia, etc. In France, however, the 
monarchy gradually reabsorbed the duchies, which by 1500 
were all amalgamated with the crown, the title of ‘duke’ 
having become merely that of the highest rank of nobility, 
with no sovereign rights. (See sense 3.) In Germany, on 
the other hand, the Duke of Bavaria or of Saxony was practi- 
cally independent, the emperor having little or no power 
over him. The early Italian dca came direct from the 
Old Teutonic herizogo, the dukes of Benevento and Spoleto 
having been chiefs of Lombard war-bands who carved new 
states out of Roman Italy. In England, before the Norman 
Conquest, dr was an ordinary translation of ea/dormax in 
L. charters; but did not become vernacular. From the 
Conquest till Edward III, ea/dorman or eorl was rendered 
by comes, and dux, duc, duk, was known only as a foreign 
title; even William and Robert are known to the Old 
English Chronicle only as ‘earls’ of Normandy.) 

[1066 O. E. Chron., Wyllelm eorl of Normandize. 1124 Pes 
eorles sunu Rotbert of Normandi.] 1129 O. £. Chron., Mid 
him helden 3a of Rome. and se duc of Sicilie. 1297 R. Giouc. 
cor 7498 Pys noble duc Willam hym let crouny kyng At 

ondone amidewinter day. 13.. Guy W. (A.) 2372 Pe 
douke wers bifallen is, For miche of his folk he les. ¢ 1489 
Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 477 Wenynge that reynawd 

not durst hange the duche richarde. 1568 GRAFTON 
Chron, I. 1 William the Conquerour, Duke of Normandie 
. began his dominion over this Realme. 1610 Suaks. Ze7ip. 
1. ii. 58 Thy father was the Duke of Millaine and A Prince 
of power. 1 r4 tr, Keysler’s Trav. (1760) 1V. 217 The 
emperor Leopold I. and John III. king of Poland, met .. 
attended by a great number of electors, dukes, princes, and 
nobles, to congratulate each other after they had success- 
fully raised the siege of Vienna. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 295/1 
The government of Modena is the most absolute in Teal aS 
the present duke, Francis IV. of Este, is..the last descen- 
dant of the houses both of Este and Cibo. Mod. H.R. H. 
Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edinburgh, and Duke of 
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. : 

+b. Used to render the Venetian Doce. Obs. 

1347 Boorve Jutrod. Knowl, xxiv. (1870) 183 The Duke 

of Venys is chosen for terme of hys lyfe. 1604 Suaxs. Oth, 

230 The Duke, and the Senators of Venice greet you. 

1643 Haste Answ. Ferne 45 What better is His Majesty 

then a Duke of Venice? 1820 Byron Mar, Fad. 1. ii, "Tis 
not well In Venice’ Duke to say so. : 

ce. Loosely used as the translation of the Russian 


KHASb, knyaz, prince: see F. duc. See also GRAND 


DvuKE. fe 
31614 SELDEN Titles Hon. 208 Remember what is in the first 


Iv. i, 


‘50 VY. my Life I. 


DUKEDOM. 


booke of the Duke of Muscouie, for a Duke vncrowned, yet 
supreme Prince. 1618 Frercuer Loyal Subj. Dram. Pers., 
Great Duke of Moscovia. /did. passin. 

3. In Great Britain and some other countries: 
A hereditary title of nobility, ranking next below 
that of prince. 

Royal duke, a duke who is a member of the royal family, 
taking precedence of the other dukes. 

(After the great feudatory dukes of France, or most of 
them, had come to be merely the greatest nobles of the 
country, the title was imitated in England and other coun- 
tries. In England it was introduced by Edward III, who 
in 1337 created the Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and 
in 1351 the king’s cousin Henry, Duke of Lancaster, which 
title at his death in 1361 was conferred on his son-in-law, 
John of Gaunt, the king’s third surviving son, the title of 
Duke of Clarence being at the same time conferred upon the 
second son Lionel. Under Richard II and in subsequent 
reigns, the dignity was gradually extended outside the 
Royal Family, this being especially the case after the death 
of Queen Elizabeth, under whom the rank had been 
for some time extinguished.) 

(1337 Not. Cart. 11 Law. [11, No. 60 in Lord’s Fruls. (1829) 

/XI. 743 Pro Edwardo duce Cornubie. /dzd., Eidem fillo 
nostro nomen & honorem ducis Cornubie de communi assensu 
& consilio. .dedimus. 1352 Patent Roll2s Edw. /1/,1.m. 18 
bid. 748 Pro Henrico duce Lancastrie. /é7d., Prefato Henrico 
nomen ducis Lancastrie inponimus et ipsum de nomine 
ducis dicti loci. .investimus. 1351-2 Act 25 Haw. ///, stat. v. 
Preamb., Nostre Seignur le Roi del assent des Prelatz, 
Ducs, Countes, Barons, & de tout le comunalte de son 
Roialme dEngleterre [etc.]]. _1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 23 
Duckes, Erles, Barouns, and Bachelers of ye londe. 1399 
Rolls of Parit, U1. 452/1 Vhe Lordes. .ajuggen .. that the 
Dukes of Aumarle Surrey and Excestre..lese and forgo fro 
hem and her heirs thes names that thei have now as Dukes. 
1472 J. Paston in P. Lett. No. 715 II. 75 To the right 
hyghe and myghty Prince..my Lord the Dwke of Norffolk. 
1§56 Aurelio § Tsab. (1608) L iij, The Quene and manney 
Duques, earles, and grete lordes besoughte him. 1556 Chron. 
Gr. Friars (Camden) 7 Thys yere sir Edmonde Langle and 
sir Thomas Wodstoke ware made duckes, /é¢d. 52 ‘The 
dewke of Norffoke and the yerle of Sorré hys sonne ware 
comyttyd unto the tower of London. 1593 Suaks. 2 //ev. 
VI, 1. i. 124 For Suffolkes Duke, may he be suffocate, ‘Vhat 
dims the Honor of this Warlike Isle. 1765 BLacks10Ne 
Comm, 1. xii. 397. 1850 Fonsianque in Life & Lalours 
i. (1874) 106 The Duke of Wellington, the ‘Iron Duke’, the 
‘hero of a hundred fights’, 1852 TENNyson Ode MWelling- 
ton, Bury the Great Duke With an empire’s lamentation. 

b. slang. A man of showy demeanour or appear- 
ance, 

a1zjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Rum-duke, a jolly hand- 
som Man. 1763 Brit. Mag. 1V. 372, 1..soon acquired the 
appellations of a rum duke, a queer dog, and a choice 
spirit. 1785 in Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue. 

e. Phr. Duke of Exeter's daughter: see DAUGHTER 
6c. Todine with Duke Humphrey: see DINEV.1Dd. 
+4. The castle or rook at chess. Obs. 

1624 Mippreton Game at Chess Induct. 54 Dukes? 
they're called Rooks by some. 1656 Beate Chess 7 The 
Rocks, Rookes, or Dukes walk forward, backward, and 
side-wayes. 

+5. The great eagle-owl (Ludo maximus). Obs, 

1656 W. D. tr. Comenius Gate Lat. Unt. § 137. 41 The 
boading Owl, the Horn-Owl, or Duke, the mournful 
Howlet, the sad Scrietch-Owl. 

6. Name of a kind of cherry. 

1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1669) 64 June. .Cherries. . Duke, 
Flanders, Heart (Black, Red, White). 1727 BrapLey “av. 
Dict. s.v. Cherry, The Duke and archduke on a good wall 
are most years ripe before the end of the month. 1883 G. 
ALLEN in Colin Clout’s Cad. 117 The common dwarf cherry 
..is the ancestor of morellos, dukes, and the Kentish kind. 

7. slang. The hand or fist. 

1879 Macm. Mag. XL. 501 (Farmer), I said I would not 
go at allif he put his dukes (hands) on me. _ 1894 AsTLEY 
142 There were many officers in the 
Guards well known to be fairly clever with their ‘dukes’. 

Hence Duke v. (once-wd.) trans., to make a 
duke or leader of ;" z¢v. (also to duke zt), to play 
the part of a duke, act as a duke; to court dukes. 

¢ 1450 Golagros §& Gaw. 1072 Thow salbe..dukit in our 
duchery. 1603 Suaks. Meas. for M.u1. ii. 100 Lord Angelo 
Dukes it well in his absence. 1605 SyLvesTER Du Bartas i. 
iii. Captaines 1 Just-Duked Josuah cheers the Abramides To 
Canaan’s Conquest. 1690 Crowne Lng. Friary 1. Dram. 
Wks. 1874 IV. 70 Ay, sister, as young maids go a-maying 
we'll go a-squiring, a-knighting, a-lording, a-duking. 1894 
Wotsecey Marlborough 1. 293 During his [Monmouth’s} 
previous visit to the West, during what was locally known 
as ‘The Dukeing Days’. 

Dukedom (di#kdom). [f. Dux sé.; see -DoM.] 

1. The state or territory ruled by a duke; a duchy. 

1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1723 Of alle thys dukdom feyr That 

Ike lady ys eyr. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 30, ‘The ducdom of 
Newaanayd 1535 CoveRDALE 2 Esdras i. 32 Ye people.. 
ynto whom I wyll_ geue the dukedome of Abraham, Isaac 
and Iacob. 1593 SHAKs. 3 Hen. VJ, 1v. vii. 9 What then 
remaines.. But that we enter, as into our Dukedome? 1665 
Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 399 In the Dutchy of 
Burgundy. .the Guisian Faction..to whom there was no- 
thing left Fortified in that Dukedom, but Chalons sur la 
Saone. 17: tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 218 This whole 
tract of land belongs to the dukedom of Urbino, 186r 
Pearson Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 89 When chaos gave 
way to order, and the dukedoms were swallowed up in 
kingdoms. “— 

2. The office or dignity of a duke. 

1534 More Treat. Passion Wks. 1286/2 With the honour of 
a Dukedome also to him and hys heires for euer, 1593 SHAKS. 
3 Hen, VI, 1.1.93, 1642 W. Biro Mag. Honor 30 All that 
is before spoken concerning the Duke and the Dukedom of 
Lancaster. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4781/1 The Marquisate 
of Moravia, and the Dukedom of Silesia. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) VI. 502 Thomas. .who became aon of Nor- 

—2 


DUKEHOOD. 


folk .. died without issue, whereby the dukedom descended 
to Henry. 1885 Manch. Exam. 27 Feb. 4/6 It is considered 

robable that the Marquis .. will have a dukedom con- 
Ferred upon him, 

Hence + Dukedomship (Ods. rare) = prec. 

1547 Boorpve /ntrod, Knowl. xvi. (1870) 164 Saxsony is [a] 
Dukedom-shyp, And holdeth of hym selfe. /d¢d. xxiv. 183 
[He] shall not clayme no inheritaunce of the dukedomshyp. 

t Obs. rare. In 5 duchehode. 
The office of a duke; dukedom, dukeship. 

r Pecock Refr. w. iii. 429 Holi Scripture approueth 
wwnl Pes hode and Duchehode. .to be ouer and aboue the 


comoun peple, 

Duwkelet. nonce-wd. [see -LET.] =next (sense 1). 

1870 Daily News 16 Dec., Very serviceable in teaching 
some dukelets and their good ladies better manners. 

Dukeling (diz klin). [see -11NG.] 

1. A little or petty-duke. (Contemptuous; in 
quot. 1634, One who claims to be a duke.) 

1634 Forp P. Warbeck u. iii, ‘This dukeling mushroom 
Hatt doubtless charm’d the king. Jd. v. ii, Urswick, 
command the dukeling and these fellows, To Digby, the 
Lieutenant of the Tower. 1890 H. M. Stantey Darkest 
Africa 1, xiv. 363 No proud dukeling in England could 
regard a pauper with more pronounced contempt. 

2 A duke’s child. 

1612 SyLvEsteR Lacrymz# 139 For Savoy's Dukelings, or 
the Florentine, Hee [Prince Henry} wedds his Saviour of a 
Regall Line. 1618 Fretcuer Loyal Suéj. u. v, The duke 
gone thither, do you say?..And all theducklings too. 1690 
Crowne Eng. Friar 1. Dram. Wks. 1874 IV. 70 Little 
squirelings, and _knightlings, and lordlings, and dukelings. 
1794 Wotcort (P. Pindar) Row?. for Oliver Wks. II. 411 
Duke, Dukeling, Princess, Prince, consign’d to jail ! 

Dukely (diwkli), a. nonce-wd. [f. DuKE + 
-Ly1.] Belonging to or befitting a duke. 

1826 Examiner 119/2 Making somewhat free with his 
dukely character. 1827 Soutney Lett. (1856) IV. 48 The 
Duke has sent them to me, witha dry and dukely note. 

[f. 


Dukery (diikori). Also 6 Sc. duikrie. 
DUKE sb.: see -ERY, -RY.] 

1. +a. The office or dignity of a duke, a duke- 
dom (oés.). b. The territory ruled by a duke, a 
duchy. (Now only as once-wd.) 


¢1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 9 To give 
him the dukery of Turine. 1596 Datryme.e tr. Leslie's 


Hist. Scot. x. 338 He hechtis the forsaid duikrie to the | 


Gouernour. 1855 CartyLe Prinzenraub Misc. Ess. 1872 
VI. 162 The Albertine line.. made apanages, subdivisions, 
unintelligible little dukes and dukeries of a similar kind. 

2. The residence or estate of a duke; sfec. 
(usually A/., the Dukeries) a district in Nottingham- 
shire containing several ducal estates. 

1837 Soutuey in Q. Rev. LIX. 291 A Rookery has been 
demolished, and a Dukery planted in its stead. 1879 
Standard 8 Dec. (D.), The Dukeries still exist, but they are 
little more thana geographical expression. Welbeck Abbey 
is the last of those palaces for which this part of England 
was formerly famous. 1884 L. J. Jennincs in Croker 
Papers I11. xxv. 166 Thoresby, the second of the three 
famous ‘ Dukeries’ which comprise within their domains 
the scenes of Robin Hood's most popular exploits. 

Dukeship (di kfip). Nf DUKE sd. + -SHIP.] 
The office or dignity of a duke. Also (with pos- 
sessive pronoun) as a humorous title for a duke. 

?axsoeo Nine Ladies Worthie in Chaucer's Wks. (1561) 
u.(R.), Y° dukeship of Diamedes & dignitie. 1636 Mas- 
SINGER Gt. Dk. Florence w. ii, Will your dukeship Sit 
down and eat some sugar-plums? 1850 7ai?’s Mag, XVII. 
oye ’Tis for killing English game, your Dukeship. 

uk-peris, corrupt form of Douzerers, Ods. 
Dul, obs. var. of DoiE 56.2; obs. f. DULL. 
Dulace, obs. form of Downas. 
5 Berksh. Ch. Goods 22 A pece of Dulace. 


bert (dz'lbait). Sc. and north. dial. Also | 


6 Sc. dowbart, 7 dullberd, 9 dulbard. [The 
first element is app. DULL a.; the second is possibly 
beard : cf.Ger.dummbart.] A dull or stupid person; 
one slow of comprehension. 

1508 Dunsar Filyling w. Kennedie 66 3e, dagone, dow- 
bart, thairof haif thow no dowt! 168 OBERTSON 
Phyraseol, Gen, (1693) 510 Very flockpates, dullberds. 
T. Donatpvson Poems 45 in Northumbld, Gloss. s.v., Yo 
learn your exercise be quick, An dinna be a dulbard. 182g 
Brockett N. C. Gloss.; Dullbirt, Dulburt, Dulbard, a 
stupid person, a block-head 

+ Duleascid, a. Ods. rare—°. [ad. late L. dulca- 
cid-us, f. dulcis sweet + acidus sour.] 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dulcacid, that which hath a 
mingled taste with sweet and sower, ~ 

il amara (dvlkaméera). erd.and Pharm. 

med.L. = bittersweet, f. L. dude-is sweet +amdra 

jitter (sc. herba).] The Woody Nightshade 
or Bittersweet, Solanum Dulcamara; the pharma- 
ceutical preparation of this plant. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens 11, \vii. 397-8 The learned men of our 
age do cal this herbe.. in Latine Dudcamara or Amara 
Duicis,.Dulcamara is of complexion-hoate and drie. 1828 
Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 479 The Belladonna, Stra- 


and Dr are active poisons. 1847 E. J. 
Seymour Severe Dis, 1.146 Washing t pf pee dai 
with the decoction of dulcamara. 1876 arLey Mat, Med. 
(ed. 6) 500 Dulcamara. .has been distinctly known only since 
the time of Tragus. ' 


Hence  Duleama‘rin, C/em., the glucoside 
Cy. H,54O,9, obtained from: dulcamara; converted 
by dilute acids into Dulcamare‘tin (see quot.) 
and glucose, 

» 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 347 Dulcamarin, 1883 


1809 


| goe, 


708 
Syd. Soe. Lex. Dulcamaretin, Gig Hag Cn a i = 
with glucose, by the action of dilute acids. 

+ ‘rnon. Ods. [a. med.L. dulcarnon, 
corrupted from Arabic ..»5,i)l 3 di "/garnayn 
two-homed, dicornis, cornutus; lit. ‘lord or 
possessor of the two horns’.] 

1. A dilemma (= med.L. cornutus, CoRNuTE sd, 
5); anon-plus; at dulcarnon, at one’s wit’s end. 


According to Neckham (De Nat. Rerum, Rolls, 295) and 
others, Dudcarnon was also a medizval appellation of the 


‘orean theorem, Euclid 1. 47 (it is suj » from its 
nee two-ho: ure). 7 P. ’s reply to 
Cressida (quot. 1374), Dudcarnon appears to be confounded 
with Elefu a or Eleofuga, an appellation of the fons 
asinorum, Euclid 1. 5, Salas. explained as Suge 
miserorum, ‘flemyng of wrechis’. See N. & @Q. (1887) 
7th s, IV. 130, and references there given. 

©1374 Cuaucer Troylus m1. 882 (931), I [Crisseide] am til 
god me betire mynde sende, At [v.». A] dulcarnoun ry3t at 
myn. wittis ende. Quod P; 


andarus, 3a nece, wele 3e here: 
Dulcarnoun clepid is flemyng of wrechis. It semyp hard 
for wrechis nil it lere. Mrs. M. Roper in More's 
Wks. 1441/2 In good fayth father qd. I, I can no ferther 
but am, (as I trowe Cresede saith in Chaucer) comen 
to Dulcarnon euen at my wittes ende. 

2. A person in a dilemma; one ‘halting between 
two opinions’. 

1577 aANyHURST Descr. [re?. in Holinshed (1587) II. 28/1 
S. Patrike considering, that these sealie soules were (as all 
dulcarnanes for the more part are) more to be terrified from 
infidelitie through the paines of hell, than allured to christ- 
ianitie by the ioies of heauen. 

+ Dulce (duis), a. (adv.) Obs. Also 6 dulse. 
[ad. L. dulcis sweet : or a refashioning of Doucr 
after the L., through the intermediate doulce.] 

1. Sweet to the taste or smell. 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems xlviii. 47 This garth, most dulce 
and redolent Off herb and flour. 1597 J. Payne Royal 
Exch, 41 To make it dulce and pleasant in the taste. 

2. Sweet to the eye, ear, or feelings; pleasing, 
agreeable, soothing. 

1501 Dovucias Pal. Hon. 1. xliv, Thair musick tones war 
mair cleir And dulcer than..Orpheus harp. 1545 RayNo.p 
Byrth Mankynde Prol. (1634) 8 Dulse and sugred eloquence. 
1572 J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 4 a, The dulce, or delectable 
Bathes, or Welles of Buckstone. ar MontTGOMERIE 
Misc. Poems xvii. 57 With blinkis dulce and debonair. 1659 
D. Pett /enpr. of Sea 259 Of that sugred and dulce aspect. 
[1709 StryrE Ann. Ref. 1. xliv. 479 Which two means, if 
they should seem to him and his associates too dulce.] 

B. adv, Sweetly. 


1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 64 The musician amphion..sang sa | 


dulce, quhil that the stanis mouit. ar G. CavenpisH 


Wolsey (1893) 87 My lords mynstrells, who played there so 


connyngly and dulce. ; 

Dulce, sé. [In 1 f. prec. adj.; in 2=Sp. dulce.] 

+1. Sweetness, gentleness. Ods. 

1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea Bvj, The goodness, candor, and 
dulce of your nature. 1 Nortu Mem. Musick (1846) 88 
His lesser peices imitated the dulce of Lute-lessons. 

|| 2. A sweet substance ; sweet wine, must. 

1870 J. Orton Andes & Amazons U1. xxxviii. (1876) 518 
[Cacao] yielding, besides chocolate..a wine, and a dulce. 

+ Dulce, v. Ods. [Refashioned from Douce, 
doulce v.: cf. Duce a.] trans. To sweeten; to 
soften, soothe, appease. Hence Dulcing v4/. sé. 


the hardned hearts of the multitude. 1603 Hottanp Plu- 
tarch’s Mor. 54(R.) For the dulcing, taming, and appeasing 
of the soul. 1610 — Camden's Brit. 1. 68 This Albinus 
. dulceth and kindly intreateth the men. 
lee, var. form of DuLSE. 

+ Duleean, 2. Obs. rare—'. [f. Dutce a. or L. 
dulc-is +-AN.] Dulcet, sweet. 

1606 J. Raynotps Dolarney's Prim. (1880) 66 With dul- 
cean straynes of heauenly melody. 

+Duwicely, adv. Ods. [f. Dutce a.+-Lx2.] 
In a ‘dulce’ manner ; —T soothingly. 


1508 Kennepir, Flyting w. Dunbar 339) I, .dulcely drank 
of eloquence the fontayne. @ 1577 Sir T. Smitrn Commw, 
IL. viii. (1612) 120 They can le their husbands so 


+ 
well and dulcely. 1g92 G. Harvey Four Lett. S 


| dulcian. 


1579-80 Nortn Plutarch (1676) 83 To dulce and soften | ne 


| known to the English workmen, 
1870 
| The organ .. by Jo 


DULCIFIED. _ 


R 
1528 Paynet Salerne's Regim. 
CocxeraM, Dudlced, sweet. 
from sweet kernel: S) P cet creams. 
2a Schoolmistress 312 Whose art did first these 
cakes di » 1854 Loncr. Catawba Wine vi, But 


Catawba wine a taste more divine, More dulcet, de- 
licious, and é 2 
2. Sweet to eye, ear, or feelings; pleasing. 


? 
agreeable; soothing, gentle. Now chiefly of sounds. 
a. 14.. Prose Leg. & Anglia VILL. 178 Wib doucet not 
and ryme. ¢1475 Partenay 877 songes hurde of 
briddes enuiron. /ééd. 1008 Fair melusine, the suete doucet 
made [=maid]. . 
ss Norton Ord. Aich. v. in Ashm, (1652) 53 With 
"LMS. in margin dowcet) 1503 Hawes 
Examp. Virt. v. (Arb.) 20 Her delycate and doulcete 
complacence. 1567 Drant Horace, Ep. to Mzcenas D iij, 
He will see the my dulcet frinde. WatkincTon Oft. 
Glass xi. 118 It is a dulcet [ed. dulcid] humour. 
Mitton P. Z. 1. 712 Dulcet Symphonies and voices sweet. 
¢1750 Suenstone Elegies vii. 52 Still to her dulcet murmurs 
not a foe. 1837 Disraewt Venetia u. iii, Her dulcet tones 
seemed even sweeter t before. 7 

3. Comb., as dulcet-chinking, -eyed, -streaming. 

a1784 Jounson Parody Transl. Medea ii, With d a 
streaming sound. ax82x Keats Fancy 81 Dulcet-eyed as 
Ceres’ daughter. 1864 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. §& Eng. 
III. 23 Five dulcet-chinking pennies. 

B. sé. +1. A dulcet note or tone. Ods. 

1575 Lanenam Ze?, (1871) 61 Mine Italian dulcets, my 
dutch houez, my doobl releas. 

+2. ? =Doucet 3. Obs. 

1 n ebigc opto Eneis 1. (Arb.) 24 Thee stags vpbreak- 
ing they slit to the dulcet or inchepyn. 

5. +a. A wind instrument: see Doucet 2. Ods. 
b. An organ stop resembling the Dulciana, but an 
octave higher in pitch ; = Dudciana Principal. 

1876 Hires Catech. Organ ix, Dulcet, a delicate stop of 
4 feet, small scale metal pipes. 1880 E. J. Horxins in 
Grove Dict. Mus. 11. 598 In the organ made. .Green .. 
included [in the Swell] not only a Dulciana but also its 
octave, the Dulcet or Dulciana Principal. 

Hence Du'leetly adv., Du'icetness. 

1528 Paynet Salerne's Regim. H b, The doulce 
(for theyr doulcetnes) are veh ly d - 1536 Primer 
Hen. VIII, Vf. 149 Jesu, the author of buxomnes ..Of 
dulcednes the well of grace. a 1555 Braprorp Wks. (Parker 
Soc.) 338 The..short time that we have to use them should 
assuage their dulcetness. 1832 L. Hunt Sonnet Poems 209 
His brow with patient pain dulcetly sour. : 

Dulcian (dz'lsiin). A/us. [f. L. dulcis sweet: 
cf. next and OF. doulgaine, doulcine, doucine, an 
ancient musical instrument, ‘a sort of flute’ (Gode- 
se | An organ reed-stop ; = Bassoon 2. 

Xr EIDEL Ovgan 95 Dulcian is the same as ‘ 4 
the latter paving onaruated in an old instrument called the 

1876 Hires Catech. Organ x, Dulcian..is a free- 


reed [ n stop] of 16 feet. 
ll i (dvlsiarna). Afus. [ad. med.L. 
species’, f. duets 


wynes 


Vs 
1776 Six J. Hawkins Hist. Mus, 1V. 1. x. rag The organ 


which are the.. 
ng. "Mech. 11 Feb. 534/1 
nes Snetzler .. bears the date 175¢ 
It was the first organ that ever had a dulciana stop, whic! 
was Snetzler’s invention. 1876 Hites Catech. Organ ix, 
Dulciana, an open stop. .It ha eg hae ° mre 
+ Dwiciary. Obs. rare. (ad, late L. dulciari-us 
reaking sweetmeats, f. dulcis sweet, dulcia sweets.] 
1657 Physical Dict., Dulciaries, sweetners, such things as 


sweeten. in Paiturs. 
+ Duloid, c. and sb. Obs. [A modification of 
dulcet, dulced, after words like rapid.] 
a. adj, Dulcet, sweet. b. sd. ye? substance. 
Tomutnson XX. 3 id things 
agrable to the Lange, 1098 R. Phancx: North. ew. 
(1821) 314 Some with and other dulcids have sweetly 
allured him. 1698 Frver Acc. £. Jndia & P. 182 Tartness 


Nothing so dulcely sweet or kindly dear. 
+ Du'lceness. [-NESS.] Sweetness. 
¢ 1535 Fisner Was. (E. E. T. S.) Il. 436 By the dulcenes 
of loue, whiche the holy gost hath put in our hartes. be 
muc! 


Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xxiii. § 32 (1873) 238 By too 
dulceness, goodness, and facility of nature. 

+ Du-leeous, a. Ods. rare. [irreg. f. DULCE a. 
or L, dule-is sweet + -0US.] Sweet. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury u, 387/2 The Dulceous [is a] 
Luscious, or sweet tast. 

Dulcerate, -ation, erron. ff. DuLcoraTs, etc. 

Dulce:seate, v. Ods. rare". [irreg. f. L. dul- 

cesc-dre to becomé sweet + -ATE3,] trans. Tosweeten, 
1657 Tomunson Renou's Disp, 370 Art .. dulcescates the 


acid, 

Dulcet (dz'lsét), a. and sd. Forms: a. 5-7 
doucet, 5 dowcet; 8. 5 dulcette, 6 douleet(e, 
(6-7 dulced, 7 doulced), 6- dulcet. [A re- 
fashioning of doucet (from F.), after L. dudcis sweet : 
cf. It. dolcetto, dim. of dolce. See also Dovcet.] 

+1. Sven te Pa come or smell. rigid a 4 
Joke por it be poynant & doumet, pasion Pr Aon 
128/1 een mete, a, bake mete. ¢1475 be nod 

Tt VELYN . . Doucet Pi, ins. 
ar 1398 Trevisa Barth, Dee. ca (1495) iy The 


ently qualified by a dulcid Sapor. : 
\c *dulcific-us, f. 


‘Duleirfic, a. rare. [f. L. t 
dulcis sweet + -ficus making.] ey ee, 

1772 T. Nucent tr. Hist. Friar Gerund 1. 50 These nar- 
cotic, emolient and dulcific remedies avail not. 

Dulcification (dwlsifiké'-fon), [n. of action 
f. L. dulcificare to Duxerry.] 

1. The action of dulcifying, sweetening, or correct- 
ing; spec. in Old Chem.: see DULOIFY 2. 

2 ‘oopat, Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Dulcification 
is the correction of mineral medi lutions, and 
the like. 64x [see Dutcoration]. 1683 Purtus Feta 
Min, 1, (1686) 126. 1% New Dispens, 457/2 The dulci- 
fication of the spirit alt. 1852 Ross Humboldt's Trav. 
II. xix. 204 The dulcification of the amylaceous roots. 

2. The softening (of a ws to the ear. 


1826 Examiner 612/1 A sort of 
the ch. 

Dui J.a. [f. Dunciry+-Ep1.] 

1. Sweetened ; spec. in Old Chem.: see DULCIFY 2. 


dulcified M “3748. Lond. a 1 

ii ck 5 1800 Phil. 4 
rt ie od with dulsted spirit of tre. “7 
2. Softened in 


1789 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1. 176 In their dulcified 
pronunciation. 


v: 


DULCIFLUOUS. 


Dulci‘fluous «a. rare. [f. L. dulcis sweet + 
flu-us flowing + -ous.] _Sweetly or softly flowing. 

1727 Battey vol. Il, Dudcifluous, Fata ag 1839 
Lavy Lyrron Cheveley (ed. 2) I. xii. 272 His dulcifluous 

anathemas against all existing laws. 1895 W. Watson Ox 
Landor's Hellenics Poems 33 With beakers rinsed of the 
dulcifluous wave. het oe 

Dulcify (dalsifoi), v. [ad. L. dulcificare, f. 
dulcis sweet : see -FY. Cf. F. dudlcifier (17th c.).] 

1. “rans. To render sweet to the taste, sweeten. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 152/1 You may.. 
dulcify it with Suger. 1664 Everyn Pomona Gen, Advt.(1729) 

5 One Pound of broad Figs slit, is said to dulcify an Hogs- 
head of cider. 177 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Birch Tree, 
This Wine. .may be dulcify’d with Raisins. 1822 Lams Eéia 
Ser. 1. Roast Pig, Intenerating and dulcifying a substance 
--so mild and dulcet as the flesh of young pigs. 

+b. To purify from acidity or other distempered 
condition. Ods. 

1673 O. Waker Educ. (1677) 99 Such medicines as dulcify 
the blood. = Brit. A. alto II. Quarterly No. 1. pes 
Crab’s Eyes. . Dulcify the Blood. 

+2. Old Chem. To wash the soluble salts out 
of a substance; to neutralize the acidity of. 

1610 B. Jonson Adch. u. vy, Can you sublime, and dulcefie? 
calcine? 1662 Hosses 7 Problems vi. Wks. 1845 VII. 48. 
1683 Petrus Fleta Min. 1. (1686) 126 Pour the Aqua fortis 
off, and dulcify the Gold with warm water. 1696 P/z/. 
Trans. XIX. 350 The Astroites .. will not only stir in 
Vinegar, but also Dulcifie it. 1789 J. Keir Dict. Chem. 
32/2 Their..oily part, which dulcifies the acid. 

+b. zntr. for pass. 

1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery’s Course Chym. 1. x, The 
oftner it is sublimed, the more it does dulcify, and becomes 
proper to apply to flesh, where we would gently corrode. 

3. transf. and fig. To sweeten in temper; to 
render gentle, soften, mollify; to appease. 

a@1669 Trapp in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. cxix. 122 
There are that render the words thus, ‘ Dulcify, or, delight 
thy servant in good’. 1 Crowne Married Beau ww. 
Dram. Wks. 874 IV. 301, I am mollified ; I will go home, 
and be dulcified. 1770 J. Love Cricket 1 This Title might 
have been dulcified; and..rendered extremely polite and 
unintelligible. 1831 Blackw. Mag. XXX. 217 Time had 
not dulcified the tempers of the three elder. 

4. intr. To speak in dulcet or bland tones. 

1839 Lavy Lytton Cheveley (ed. 2) III. iii, 87 As she had 
dulcified sufficiently with .. the duchess. 1856 Chamid. 
Frnl. V. 44 ‘Waiter’, dulcifies an urbane gentleman. 

Hence Dwieifying v0/. sb. and ppl.a.; Dwleifier. 

1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/., Dudcifying, a term used in 
physic, for rendering a fluid less acid, and rough. 1816 
Scotr Antig. i, The pleasure of this discourse had such 
a dulcifying tendency. 1847 7ait’s Mag. XIV. 163 A kind 
of general dulcifier of all acerbities. 

Dulciloquent (dalsiWkwént), a. [f. L. dudes 
sweet + loguens, pres. pple. of /oguz to speak.] 
Speaking sweetly. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., ap an Ea (dulciloguus), that 
speaks sweetly. 1840 New Monthly Mag. LIX. 248 Most 
dulciloquent and incomparable Miss Camilla. 

+Dulei-loquy. ds. rare. [ad. L. *dulcilo- 
guiume sweet speech ; cf. L. soléloguium soliloquy.] 
A soft or pleasant manner of speaking. 

1623 CockEerAM, Dudciloguie, sweet speaking. 1731 Baitey, 
Dulciloguy. 1846 Worcester cites Maunper. Hence in 
mod, Dicts. 

Dulcimer (dz‘lsimaz). Also 6 douci-, dousse-, 
dowcemer, (7 dulcimel). [a. OF. doulcemer 
gy meee doulcemele, doulz de mer (Godef.) = 
obs. Sp. dudcemele, It. dolcemelle (Florio); supposed 
to represent L. dulce melos sweet song, tune, or air. 
(The L. in this application is not known.)] 

1. A musical instrument, in which strings of 
graduated lengths are stretched over a trapezoidal 
sounding board or box and struck with two ham- 
mers held in the hands. 

Considered to be the earliest prototype of the pianoforte. 

201475 Sgr. lowe Degre 1075 With fydle, recorde, and 
dowcemere, 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xi, Cymphans, 
doussemers, wyth claricimbales glorious. 1662 Perys Diary 
23 May, Here among the fiddlers I first saw a dulcimere 
played on with sticks knocking of the strings, and is very 

retty. cord Mitton P. LZ. vit. 596 The solemn Pipe, And 

ulcimer, al Organs of sweet stop. 1879 Strainer Music of 
Bible 45 The dulci b a string-instrument 
constructed without a neck. f 

b. It has sometimes been applied erroneously 
to wind-instruments, In Dan. iii. 5, etc. it is 
used to render mn1D, Gr. cuppwvia, which was a 
kind of bagpipe; while the word rendered ‘ psal- 
tery’ in the same passage signifies ‘dulcimer’. 

Oxf. Helps to Study of Bible. : 

sty, Masa? Gr. Forest 42 The Elder..Hereof are made 
:.@ kind of Symphonie whiche the common sort call a Pipe: 
the learned and more civil kinde of men name it a Dulci- 
mer. 1611 Biste Dax. iii. 10 The sound of the cornet, 
flute, harpe, sackbut, psalterie, and dulcimer [Coverp. 
Symphonies, X. V. marg. or bagpipe). 

attrib, 1801 Mar. Epcewortu Good French Governess 
(183) 195 The little boy belonging to the dulci man. 

+2. A kind of bonnet. Odés. 

a pe High-St. Trag.(R.), With bonnet trimm'd 
and nced withal, Which they a dulcimer do call. 

|| Dulcinea (dvlsi:nz\4, dvlsinza). [Sp. deriv. 
of dulce sweet.] The name given by Don Quixote 
.to his mistress in Cervantes’ romance; hence, A 
mistress, sweetheart, lady of one’s devotion. 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


709 
1748 SMOLLETT Rod. Rand. (1812) 1. 40 His dulcinea. . per- 
suaded him. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World 1. 404 
Our sailors..took it for granted that their dulcineas were all 
of one name. 1815 W. H. IRELAND Scribdleomania 134 
note, The fables of knights errant and their persecuted 
dulcineas. 1829 Loner. in Lif (1891) I. 171. f 
[Dulciness, in Webster 1828 and later Dicts., 
attributed to Bacon; an error for DULCENESS, q.v.] 
Dulcinist (dz'lsinist). Also doleinist. [ad. 
med.L, Dujscineste (pl.), followers of Dudeznus or 
Dulcino: see -1st.] | One of a religious sect, 
identical with the Apostolicals, who opposed the 
papacy and rejected oaths, marriage, and rites and 
ceremonies generally. So Dw lcinite. 
172x Battey, Dulcinists, a sort of Hereticks. 


1884 Ch. 


| Q. Rev. XVIII. 351 Nor does the defence of the Dolcinists 


| 
| 


in the 13th century, afford a capable brief to the assailant 
of Christianity. 
+ Dulci‘sonant, a. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. type 
*dulctsonant-ent, f. dulcts sweet + sondre to sound.] 
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dulcisonant (dulcisonus), that 


sounds sweetly. e ; 

Dulcite (dv lssit). Chem. [f. L. dele-ts sweet 
+-ITE.] A saccharine substance (C,H,,O,) similar 
to and isomeric with mannite, obtained from various 
plants, and known in the crude state as Madagascar 
manna. Also called Dulein, Dulcitol, Dulcose. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chenz. II. 349 Dulcite (from Mada- 
gascar) crystallises in colourless highly lustrous prisms of 
the monoclinic system. 

Hence Du leitami:ne, the amine or compound 
ammonia of dulcite C; H,(OH);.NH,. Du‘lcitan, 
the anhydride of dulcite, C;H,,.O;, a very viscid 
neutral syrup. Du‘leitani:de, a compound of 
dulcitan with an acid, analogous to the mannitides 
and glycerides, as benzo-, butyro-dulcitanide. 

1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem., Dulcitan. .the anhydride of 
dulcite (C; His Os—H2 O), obtained by heating dulcite for 
some time to near 200°C. /bid., Dulcitanides .. may be 
regarded as dulcitan, in which 2 or 4 at. H are replaced by 
acid radicles. 1873 Fowmes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 632 Dulcite.. 
heated with organic acids forms ethers called dulcitanides 
+e yielding by saponification, not dulcite, but dulcitan, 

Dulcitude (dw'lsitizd). [ad. L. dulcitido 
sweetness, f. dulcis sweet.] Sweetness. 

1623 CockERAM I, Sweetnesse, Dulcitude. 1652 F. Kirk- 
MAN Clerio & Lozia 127 The charming dulcitude of a fair 
reputation. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. 11. iv. 55 
The sweeter it, for preserving its dulcitudes as it did. 

+ Duleity. Ods. [ad. L. dulcitds sweetness, 
f. dulcis sweet.] Sweetness. 

1623 CockERAM, Dulcitie, Sweetnesse. 1634 Sir T. Her- 
BERT 7vav. 183 Which seeme to have dulcitie and acrimony 
mixt together. 1657 Tomiinson Renou’'s Disp. 38 The 
austerity..expelled, dulcity succeeds, 

+ Dulcoacid, a. Obs. [irreg. f. L. dulcis sweet 
+ Aci.) =Dutcacip. 

1657 Physical Dict., Dulcoacid, sweet, and yet sharp, as 
syrup of lemons. 1657 Tomtinson Renou’s Disp. 165* 
Ifdulcoacid, incide. .and prepare viscous and crasse Phlegme. 

+Dulcoamare, a. Ods.  [irreg. f. L. dulcis 
sweet + amdrus bitter.] Bitter-sweet. 

1657 Physical Dict., Dulcoamare, bitterish sweet. 1657 
Tomuinson Reno's Disp. 165* If dulcoamare, deterge, coct 
and expurgate. 

+ Dulcor, -our. Ods. [a. L. dulcor sweetness, 
f. dulc-is sweet.] Sweetness, pleasantness. 

©1450 Mirour Saluacioun 153 A full swete voice. . full of all 
dulcoure. 31552 Lynpesay Monarche 584 Withouttin dolour, 
dulcore and delyte. x1g599 A. M. tr. Gadelhouer’s Bk. 
Physicke 116/2 Suger mixed therwith..accordinge as we 
desire the dulcor therof. 1675 L. Appison State of Fews 


176 (T.) That by its colour and dulcour they might be 


remembered of the purity and delightfulness of the law. 

+ Duleorate, a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dulcorat-us, 
pa. pple. of dulcérare: see next.] Endowed with 
sweetness; sweet. 

1s0r Douctas Pal. Hon. u. v, The ladyis sang in voices 
dulcorait. 

+ Dulcorate (dwlkoreit), v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem 
of L. dulcorare to sweeten, f. dulcor: see prec.] 
trans. To sweeten, Dutcrry; to free from acridity. 

1 Painter Pal. Pleas. 11. 145b, To dulcorate and 
make sweet the bitter gall of griefe. 1620 VENNER Via 
Recta (1650) 258 A few Aniseeds dulcorated with white 
Sugar Candie. 1669 Evetyn Vintage (1675) 47 Some dul- 
corate, and sweeten their wines..with raisins of the sun. 
1675 E. Bortace Reduct. Ivel. 174 Conducing to dulcorate 
the humour apt to ferment with so much virulency. 

Hence Du'leorating vé/. sb.; Dulcora‘tion. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 358 In the Dulcoration of some 
Metalls; as Saccharum Saturni. Ibid. § 465 The Ancients 
for the Dulcorating of Fruit, doe commend Swines-dung, 
aboue all other Dung. 1641 Frencu Distild. i. (1651) 10 
Dulcoration, or dulcification is either the washing off the salt 
from any matter that was calcined therewith..or it is 
sweetening of things with sugar or honey, or syrup. 

+ Du'lcorous, @. Obs. rare, [f. L. dulcor 
sweetness + -oUS.] Sweet. 

1675 Evetyn Terra (1729) 28 Some [Plants] are acid, 
other more dulcorous and sweet, 

Dulcour, var. of DuLcor, Ods. 

Dule, var. f. DouE sd.2 grief; Se. f. Doon, land- 
mark ; obs. and dial. f. Devin. 

Duledge (di#lédz). ee Dowet.] A dowel or 
peg for connecting the felloes of the wheels of gun- 
carriages. 


DULL. 


1721 in BaILey. 1783 Cuambers Cycl. Supp., Duledge, in 
gunnery, a peg of wood which joins the ends of the six fellows, 
which form the round of the wheel of a gun-carriage ; and the 
joint is strengthened on the outside of the wheel by a strong 
plate of iron, called the Duledge plate. 


Dulful(l, obs. form of DoLeFut. 

Duli, var. Dooutz ; obs. form of Duty, 

| Dulia (delai:4). Alsodouleia. [med.L.,a. Gr. 
dovAcia slavery, servitude, f. d0vA0s slave, bonds- 
man.] Servitude, service; sfec. the inferior kind 
of veneration paid by Roman Catholics to saints 
and angels; opposed to Larria. 

(1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage, Descr. India (1864) 15 The 
Iesuites distinction of douleia and latreia.| 1617 CoLLins 
Def. Bp. Ely u. ix. 369 Austen patronizeth not your dulia 
to Saints. 1623 CockerAm, Dudéva, seruice of a bondman, 
worship to Saints. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) 

I. x. ro The worship of ¢atyia due to God, and that of 
dulia, the respect which may justly be shewn to his crea- 
tures, 1865 Union Rev. III. 404 The hyperdulia and 
dulia due respectively to our Blessed Lady and the Saints 
coregnant with Christ. 

Hence (vonce-wds.) Dwilian a., pertaining to 
dulia ; Du-lically adv., by way of dulia. 

1617 Coitins Def Bp. Ely u. ix. 368 Austen neuer said 
that we may adore a creature..with a relligious adoration, 
no not vnder latria, or neuer so dulically. 1635 PaGitr 
Christianogr. u. vii. (1636) 68 The Romists say that they 
give to the Saints one kinde of worship, to wit, Dulian. 

Dulipan, early form of TurBan. 

1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa 1, 160 On their heads they 
wear a black dulipan. 

Dull (dvl), @ Forms: 3-6 dul, 4-6 dulle, 
(5 dol(e), 6 Sc. doll, 4- dull. See also Diu a. 
[ME. dul, dull, found once in 13th c., but not 
usual bef. 1350; beside which @/, d/l, dylle, is 
found in same sense 1200-1440. The two appear 
to point to an OE. *dyl, *dylle:—*duljo-, a 
parallel form to OE. dol foolish (:—*dulo-) = OS. 
and Du. do/, OHG. Zo! (Ger. fo//), from the Ger- 
manic dzd-, ablaut-form of dzwel- to be foolish.] 

1. Not quick in intelligence or mental perception ; 
slow of understanding ; not sharp of wit; obtuse, 
stupid, inapprehensive. In early use, sometimes : 
Wanting wit, fatuous, foolish. 

[Seafarer 106 Dol bib se Se him his Dryhten ne ondredeb. 
Riddles xii. 3 1c..dole hwette. c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. v. 
22 Sede banne cwabe dysiz ved dole [Vulg. fatue; + 7. 
pu stunta] he bip scyldiz helle fyres.] @1250 Leg. ht. 
1268 Wacre hen eni wake ! of dead & of dul [earlier MISS. 
dult] wit! ¢1340 Hampote Prose 77. (1866) 40 If thi herte 
be dulle and myrke and felis nober witt ne sauour ne deuo- 
cyone for to thynke. 1362 Lancv. ?. PZ. A. 1. 129 ‘ Pou dotest 
daffe ’ quap heo ‘ Dulleare pi wittes’. 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
De P. R. xvi. i. (1495) 735 The oxe is slowe and stable 
and the asse dull of wytte. 1413 P2ler. Sow/e (Caxton 1483) 
Iv. xxiv. 70 She fond the soo dulle and soo lothe to hir wordes. 
1494 Fasyan Chron. 2 To my dull wytte it is nat atteynaunt. 
1576 Freminc Panopl, Epist. 269 The blunt and dull capa- 
cities of them that give judgement. 1651 HosbeEs Leviath. 
ul. xxv. 135 Feare of appearing duller in apprehension. 
1690 Locke Hum. Und. ui. i. (1695) 44, I confess myself to 
have one of those dull Souls, that doth not perceive it self 
always to contemplate Ideas, 1751 JortiIn Sevwz. (1771) VI. 
ii. 32 The Israelites were a dull and a carnal people. 1833 
Hr. Martineau Briery Creek i. 8 He was rather a dull child 
—usually called uncommonly stupid. A 

2. Wanting sensibility or keenness of perception 
in the bodily senses and feelings ; insensible, obtuse, 
senseless, inanimate. In dialect use, esp. Hard of 
hearing, deaf. 
c1340 Cursor M. 3564 (Trin.) His body waxeb drye & 
dulle [Gott, dall ; xo¢ in Cott. or Fairf.]. 1500-20 Dunbar 
Poems xv. 9 And he that dronis ay as ane bee Sowld haif 
ane heirar dull as stane. 1526-34 TinpaLe AZaz?zé. xiii. 15 
Their eares were dull of herynge. 1590 SPENSER 7. Q. 1. x. 
18 She. .opened his dull eyes, that light mote in them shine, 
1613 Suaxs. Hex. VI//, m1. ii. 434 And when I am forgotten 
.-And sleepe in dull cold Marble. @179x Grose Olio (1796) 
115 By dull I only mean hard of hearing. 1830 TENNYSON 
Poet's Mind 35 You never would hear it ; your ears are so 
dull. 1878 J. P. Hoprs Jesus iv. 18 The light came again 
into the poor dull eyes. ; : 

b. Of pain or other sensation: Not keen or in- 
tense ; slightly or indistinctly felt. 

1725 N. Rosinson Th. Physick 165 A heavy, dull Pain 
enerally affects the Patient, either on the Right or Left 
Side. Mod. A sharp pain, followed by a dull ache. 

3. Slow in motion or action; not brisk; inert, 
sluggish, inactive ; heavy, drowsy. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 6 My limmes ben so dull, I may 
unethes gon the pas. 1530 Patscr. 311/1 Dullat the spurre 
as a horse is, vest/f. 1590 SpeNSER /. Q.1. vii. 5 ‘Thenceforth 
her waters wexed dullandslow. 1625 J. Granvitt Voy. Cadiz 
(1883) 56, I gotta dull and ill paced horse. 1699 Dampier Voy. 
II. 11. 20 Our Ketch, even when light, was but a dull Sailer. 
1788 FRANKLIN Axutodiog. Wks. 1840 I. 222 When we came 
to sea she proved the dullest of ninety-six sail. 1849 E. E. 
Napier Excurs. S. Africa 11. 9 The long whips could not 
urge the dull, lean teams intoa quicker pace. 1869 Hazuitr 
Eng. Prov. 49 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 

b. Of trade: Sluggish, stagnant; the opposite 
of brisk. Hence transf. of goods or merchandise : 
Not much in demand, not easily saleable. 

1705 BosMAN Guinea 73 Trade being aerenely dull at 
that time. 1729 Frankiin Ess, Wks. 1840 II. 275 If rai 


raisii 
wheat proves dull, more may proceed to the raising an 

manufacturing of hemp, silk, iron. 1797 T. JEFFERSON 
Writ. (1859) IV. 182 Flour is dull at $ 7-50. 1863 FawcetTr 
Pol. Econ. 1. iv. 43 Dull trade is always prejudicial to them, 


DULL. 


1892 E. Reeves Homewd. Bound 203 This being the dull 
season, we arranged terms at about half-price. 1895 7imes 
17 Jan. 4/1 In the Market. .Consols o) dull at 1044. 

4. Of persons, or their mood: Having the natural 
vivacity or cheerfulness blunted ; having the spirits 
somewhat depressed ; listless ; in a state approach- 
ing gloom, melancholy, or sadness: the opposite 
of lively or cheerful. 

€ 1393 CHAUCER —— 45 Scogan t knelist at be wellis 
hed Of grace of alle honour and worpynesse In pe ende of 
wich strem I am dul as ded. 1475 Lerne or be Lewde in 
Babees Bk. (1868) 9 To Dulle, ne to Dredefulle, ne Drynke 
nat to offte. 1590 SHaks. Com. Err. v. i. 79 Sweet re- 
creation barr’d, what doth ensue But moodie and dull 
melancholly? 1709 STEELE Zatler No. 45? 7 You are dull 
to Night; prithee be merry. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge 
vii, en other people were merry, Mrs. Varden was dull. 
1877 SpurGEON Serm. XXIII. 103 They say they are ‘dull’ 
if they have to be quiet fora while. | ; i 

5. Causing depression or ennui; tedious, unin- 
teresting, uneventful ; the reverse of exhilarating or 
enlivening. 

1ggo SHaks. Com. Err. u.i. gt Are my discourses dull? 
Barren my wit? 1693 //um. §& Conv. Town 63 Some ad- 
mirable Passage in the lest dull Prologue. 1716 Lavy M. W. 
Monracu Let. to Mrs. Thistlethwayte 26 Sept., 1 have 
already said too much on so dull a subject. 1798 Dx. CLar- 
ENCE 1 June in Nicolas Nelson's Disp. U1. 10 note, 1 trust 
the Campaign..will be less dull than you imagine. 1838 
Lytron Alice 23 Good curates generally are dull. 1892 
Bookseller 18/2 There is no fear of Sunday being a dull day 
for the little anes. 

6. Not sharp or keen; blunt (in /z¢. sense). 

[c1g00 Destr. Troy 10548 Parys cast at the kyng..pre 
darttes noght dole.] c 1440 Promp. Parv. 135/1 Dulle of 
egge, obtusus. 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, w. iv. 226 No doubt 
the murd’rous knife was dull and blunt, Till it was whetted 
on thy stone-hard heart. 1633 G. Hersert Temple, Time 
i, Meeting with Time, Slack thing, said 1, Thy sithe is 
dull; whet it for shame. 1719 De For Crusoe t. v, I had 
three large axes..but with much chopping and cutting.. 
they were all full of notches, and dull. 1835 WHITTIER 
Mogg Megone u. iv, Time. - Wielding the dull axe of Decay. 

. Of or in reference to physical qualities, as 
colour or luminosity, sound, taste: Not clear, 
bright, vivid, or intense; obscure, dim; indistinct, 
muffled; flat, insipid. b. Of the weather: Not 
clear or bright; cheerless, gloomy, overcast. (Here 
there is app. some mixture of sense 5.) 

¢1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 151 (Matz.) Al is dul shadwe, 
whan Phebus is doun goon. 1552 Hutoet, Dulle or 
sadde coloure, rauus {printed raucus) color. 1599 SHAKS. 
Hen. V, wt. v. 16 Is not their Clymate foggy, raw, and 
dull? 1611 — Cymd. 1. iv. 41 Sparkles this Stone as it was 
wont, or is’t not Too dull for your good wearing? 1694 
Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 4 On the 19th we had a 
dull Sun-shine. 1699 Dampier Voy. Il. nu. 66 Of a dull 
grey. 1816 J. Smita Panorama Sc. § Art II. 826 The 
alloys of platina with silver give only a dull metal. 1836 
Dusours Violin i. (1878) 11 In character of sound, the viol 
instruments were decidedly sweet, but comparatively dull. 

. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. xxvii. 195 The dawn was dull, but 
the sky cleared as the day advanced. 

8. Comb., as dull-disposed, -looking, -making, 
-smelling adjs.; parasynthetic, as dudl-bratned, 
-browed, -coloured, ‘-conceited, -edged, -eyed, 
-featured, -hearted, -scented, -sighted, -sptrited, 
-surfaced, -voiced adjs.; also + dull-house [¢rans/. 
Du. dolhuis, in Kilian du/huys], amad-house. See 
also DULL-HEAD, -HEADED, etc. 

1594 Suaks. Rich. IIT, w. iv. 332 *Dull-brain’d Bucking- 
ham. 1644 Quartes Barnabas & B., Sensual Man (T.), A 
pitch beyond the reach of *dull-browed sorrow. _a1gg2_ H. 
Situ 1iks, (1867) I. 369 They cannot be so sottish or *dull 
conceited. B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. w. i, The most 
melancholick and *dull-disposed creature upon earth. @ 1631 
Drayton Wks. III. 1176 (Jod.) *Dull-edg’d tools. _ 1596 
Suaxs. Merch. V. ut. iti. 14 Ie not be made a soft and 
*dull ey’d foole. 1870 Morris Larthly Par. II. ui. 121 
This helped him through his dull-eyed woe. 1622 T. 
Scorr Belg. Pismire 79 Their Bedlams and *Dul-houses 
for distracted people. 158 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 72 
If..you be borne so neere the “dull making Cataphract of 


Nilus, that you cannot heare the Plannet-like Musick of | 


Poetrie, 1552 Huvoet, *Dulle sighted or poreblinde, ranos 
oculos habens. 1686 Lond. Gaz, No. 2188/4 A light Gray 
Gelding. .dull Sighted, especially inthe right Eye. 1616-6 
Ho typay Persius 973) 335 Whether he buy *dull-smelling 
cinnamun, 1597 Hooker Zce/. Pol. v, xxx. § 4 To play vpon 
*dull-spirited men. 


Dull (dvl), v. Also 4 doulle. [f. Dutt a.] 
I. trans. To make dull, in various senses. 

1. To render sluggish or inert; to deprive of 
quickness, sharpness, or activity; to stupefy (a 
person, or the mind, understanding, wits, etc.). 

¢1392 Cuaucer Compi. Venus 76 Ffor eelde se in my 
spiryt doullebe me. cx Pred Parv. 135/1 Dullyn, or 
make dulle in wytte, hedeto. 157% Gotpine Calvin on Ps. 
xxxix. 8 They wilfully dull themselves, that they may sleepe 
soundly in their owne vanitie. — HAKS. Oh, UI. ili. 394 
Dull not Deuice, age oe and delay. 1625 Bacon Z£ss., 

Usury (Arb.) 5 sury .. doth Dull and Dampe all Indus- 
tries .. wherin Money would be Stirring, if it were not for 
this Slugge. 1678 R. Barctay Afol. Quakers v. § 21. 165 
Man is dull’d by anevil habit. 1877 E. R. Conver Bas, 
Faith ii, 89 Without dulling their responsiveness to each 


new impression. 
+b. To oo away in sloth or inactivity. Ods. 
1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 1. § 33 Dull not away thy 
days in slothful supinity- 
+ 2. To render dull of mood ; to make listless, or 


somewhat gloomy ; the opposite of to enliven. Ods. 


710 


_ € 1386 Cuaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. § T. 5° Of his falshede 
it dulleth me to ryme. ¢ Destr. Troy 11314 Youre 
dedis me dullis, & dos out Freminc Panofi. 
Epist. 64 My desire is not to dull you, if I can not delight 


you. c¢x600 SHaxs. Sou, cii, 1 would not dull with 
my song. a1611 Beau. & Fi. Philaster 1. i, nobles 


and the people are all dulled With this usurping king. 
8. To render less sensitive; to take away the 
keenness of, blunt (the bodily senses or organs). 
1552 Hu.oet, Dulle or darken with ouer muche lyght, 
perstringo. 1578 Lyre Dodoens tw. xxx. 488-If one eate to 
muche thereof, it dulleth the sight, Br. Hatt Hard 
Texts 292 Their ears shall be dulled eafened. 1812 J. 


| Witson Jsle of Palms 11. 161 Each sense is dull’d! a@ 1822 


Suetiey M. N. Post. Fr. 16 For passion’s voice had dull’d 
their listless ear. 
b. To render (feeling) less keen or intense. 

16st Hosses Gort. & Soc. i. § 2.4 That the Appetite, of 
present matters, be dul’d with the memory of things past. 
1832 TENNyson Jo ¥. S. 40 Weep, weeping dulls the in- 
ward pain. 

4. To take off the sharpness of, to blunt (an edge 
or point, or something edged or pointed). Often 


Jig. in phr. to dull the edge of = 3». 


© 1400 Destr. Troy 5131 pen Vlixes .. The derfe wordis of 
Diamede dullit with speche. ¢ Promp. Parv. 135/% 
Dullyn, or make dulle in egge toole, obtundo. 1§91 SyL- 
vester Du Bartas 1.i. 128 My Reason’s edge is dull’d in 
this Dispute. 1607 Torsert Four-f. Beasts (1658) 359 
Leopards .. and Lions, do hide their clawes within their 
skin when they go or run, that so they might not be dulled. 


| @1716 Soutn Serm. IV. ii. (R.), How quickly the edge of 


their valour was dulled. 18ar B. Cornwatt Afirandola 
1. ii, Your sword is dulled With carnage, I am told. 

5. To take away the brightness, clearness, vivid- 
ness, or intensity of; to make dim or indistinct ; to 
tarnish. Also fig. 

¢31386 Cuaucer Pars. T. 159 Pe goode werkes pat he 
dede .. ben amowf$€d and astoneyed and dullid by ofte 
synnynge. c142§ WynToun Cron. 11. x. 24 Swa suld I 
dulle hale yhoure*Delyte. 1596 Spenser /. Q. vi. iii. 13 
In which they [thé gun’s beams] steeped lay All night in 
darkenesse, duld with yron rust. 1630 Davenant Cruel 
Bro. um. Dram. Wks. 1872 I. 157 Foreste is the man That 
dulls your reputation with the Duke. 1870 Morris Zarthiy 
Par. IIL. w. 185 The swift footfalls Were dulled upon the 
marble floor By silken webs from some far shore. 1872 Back 
Adv. Phaeton xvii. 237 A sort of mist..dulling the rich 
colours of the glen. Westcott Gospel of Life 220 The 
image of God in man if dulled has not been destroyed. 

II. intr. To become dull, in various senses. 

6. To become stupid, inert, blunt, dim, etc. ; to 
lose force, intensity, keenness, or clearness. 

€3374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. metr. ii. 3 ‘Camb. MS.) Allas 
how the thowt of man dreynt in ouerthrowynge depnesse 
dullep and forletip his propre cleernesse. ¢ 145° Cov. Myst. 
(Shaks. Soc.) 343 Myn heed dullyth, Myn herte ffullyth 
Of sslepp. 1509 Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. 
(1876) 305 Her herynge sholde haue dulled. 1591 SYLVESTER 
Du Bartas \. vi. 230 A pregnant Wit; Which rusts and duls, 
except it subject finde Worthy it’s worth, whereon itself to 
grinde. 1633 T. James Moy. 22 The winde duld something. 
1862 G. P. Scrore Volcanos 35 The lava was visible at 
a white heat, gradually dulling to a faint red. co Brack 
Dau. Heth \1. ii. 24 The day had dulled somewhat. 

+b. To be inactive or sluggish ; to drowse. Oés. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy Ul. xx, My counsayle is our 
ankers up to pulle In this matter no longer that we dulle. 
c1440 Facol's Well (E. E. T. S.) 281 Pat pou schalt no3t 
dullyn and slawthyn in pi labour of bi prayers. 

+ 7. To become dull, listless, or somewhat 


| gloomy; to grow weary, tire (of something). Ods. 


[c1220 Bestiary 383 in O. Eng. Misc. 12 Dus is ure 
louerdes la3e, luuelike to fillen, her-of haue we mikel ned, 
dat we Sar-wid ne dillen.] ©1374 Cuaucer 7roylus iw. 
1461 (1489) That ye shul dullen o pe rudenesse Of vs sely 
Troians. ¢1440 Gesta Rom. xx. 68 (Harl. MS.) He dradde 
moche of the forseid word, and gretly dullid therwith. 

+8. To be tedious ; to urge tediously. Ods. 

1sgo Hyarve tr. Vives’ Jnstr. Chr, Wom, (1592) Pi. 
Many women. .with their ungodly crying and unreasonable 
calling, craving, and dulling upon them, driveth them to 
seeke S awha meanes of living. 

(dv'laid), sé. and a. Also 5-6 dul- 
larde, 6 dullarte, dullerde, [f. Dunia. + -ARD.] 
A. sb, A dull or sp person ; a dolt, dunce. 


©1440 Promp, Parv. 114 or dullarde, duribuctius. 
1561 I’. Norton Calvin's Znst. Table Script. uot., Ps. xcii. 7 
A dullard doth not know this, neither doth a foole under- 
stand it. 1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage (1614) 342 To steale 
cunningly wins great reputation..and they which cannot 
doe it, are holden dullards and blockes. 1832 CARLYLE 
Sart. Res. 1. viii, But indeed man is, and was always, a 
blockhead and dullard. 1880 L. Sreruen Pope v. 1 
Cibber..might be a representative of folly, but was as itt! 
of a dullard as Pope himself. 

B. aaj. Stupid, inert, dull. 

1583 Hottysanp Camfo di Fior 255 In a moment he is 
become the most dullard and ignorant. 1598 Marston 
Pygmal. sat. ii, 143 These darke Enigmaes .. passe my 
dullard braines intelligence. a@1748 Tomson Hymn to 
May (R.), The dullard earth May quick’neth with delight. 
1894 Giapstone Horace 11. xxi. 13 Thou prickest on the 
dullard sense Yet gently. 

Hence Du‘llardism, Du‘llardness. 

1840 7ait’s Mag. VII. 666 Dullardness and 
soul. @1846 MAuNver (cited in WorcesTER lardism. 

Dulle, obs. f. du/e, Doe sé.*, and Dub. 

Dulled (dvld), gp/. a. [f. Dutt v. + -ED1.) 
Made dull (in various senses: see DULL v. 1-$). 

engie Cet, oie a And not to wander liche a dulled 
asse. 1534 ARCLA’ Cyt. & Uplondyshm, (Percy Soc.) 16 
Thy dullyd reason can not perceyve the same. 
Compl. Scot. vi. 68 My dullit brane. 1590 Srenser . Q. 


ion of 


DULLNESS. 


1. xi. 35 The deadly dint his dulled sences all id. x 

Coreripce To Yung. Ass 5 What thy dulltd hath dis- 

feet pot D vii, We 

on the facts of Nature and of human life the 
Custom T 


dullen weary braine. 

Dullen (dvlén), v. rave. [f. Dutt a.+-EN 5,] 
— To make dull, to dull. 

L. Hunt Sir R. Esher (8 His glossy locks 
were now dullened and mixed wie x 

Duller (dv'le1). rare. [f. Dun vz. + -ER1.] 
One who or that which dulls. 

ax611 Beaum. & FL. Philaster n. ii, Presh 
and clarified whey. .are all dullers site oot aa igs 

Dullery (dv'leri). xonce-wd. [f. DULL a. + -ERY.] 
Dullness ; stupidity; unenlivened condition. 

1653 Urqunart Radelais u. xi, Master Antitus .. had 
pseed his degrees tn all dallesy, aad a 1841 

apy F. Hastincs Poems 190 And victim she to all a 
housewife’s dullery Visited eke the kitchen and the scullery. 

+ Du'll-head. Os. [cf. ee A dull-headed 
or slow-witted person ; a fool, a blockhead. 

1549 Coverpae, etc. Erasm. Par. Titus iii. 3 Now for 
foles and dulleheddes, we be made sobre and wise. a 1568 
Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) 76 Fooles and dul-hedes to all good- 
nes, 1624 GaTaker 7vansuést. 146 Neither I, nor any such 
dull-heads as I am. .can easily understand. 4 

Dull-headed (dv'lhe:déd), a.- [parasynthetic f. 
dull head + -ED*.] Having the head dull or stupid ; 
slow-witted ; obtuse in intellect. ; 

1552 Huroet, Dulle headed, capitosus. Se 
Calvin on Ps. xiv. 2 Wee be monstruously dull! ed, if his 
majestie strike us not in feare. Gram. Warre D vij, 
Some are obserued so dull-he: and doltish. 1840 
Dickens Barn. Rudge liv, The very uttermost extent of 
dull-headed perplexity supplied the place of courage. 

Dullify (dvlifsi), v. collog, [see -FY.] trans. 
To render dull, to dull. So Dullifica’tion nonce- 
wd. (in quot., something that makes one dull). 

1657 Tomuinson Renon’s Disp. 38 Watry humidity doth.. 
dullify the strength of every sapour. Mrs. Casuis 
Lett. I. 104 Preternatural intensity of sensation .. which I 
study to keep down with such ——- Cage as offer 
themselves. 1846 Moore Mem. (1856) VIII. 20 The long and 
dullyfying dose. Doran Hanover. Queens II. vil. 275 
The princess called her mother’s court a ‘ Dullification’. 

ing (dv'lin), vé/.sb.  [f. Dutt v, +-1NG!.] 
The action of the verb DULL, q. v. 

_ Mutcaster Positions v. (1887) 33 The ey the 
childe, and discouraging of the maister. 1684 Baxter 
Twelve Argts. xvi. 24 The dulling of Affection in heari 
still the same words. 1894 Athenaum 24 Nov. 719/2 
general dulling of the field [of the telescope 

Du'lling, 7//. a. [f. as prec.+-ING?.] That 
dulls : see the verb. oi a : 

1592 Br. Anprewes Ws. (1843) V. 486 is tem) 
Pag dulling force to the 849) 1696 Tryon Misc. — 
Strong Drinks. .send dark and dulling fumes into the Head. 
1822 Lams Let. fo Wordsw. 20 Mar., I have a dulling cold. 
1841 CLoucu Early Poems vii. 144 The dulling 

(dv'lif), a. [f. Dutta, +-1sH.)] Some- 
what dull, rather dull. ek 

1399 Lana. Rick. Redeles m. 127 A for —— 
endauntid of dullisshe nollis. ish Savice 7acitus’ Hist. 
11. Ixxvii. (1591) 98 The other through pride and breach of 
discipline waxe dullish, 1660 Howett Parly X Beasts 
12(D.) They are somewhat heavy in motion dullish, 
178% R. Pattrock P. Wilkins (1884) Il. xi. 115 A dullish 
glass. 1866 Mrs. Gasket. Wives § Dau, xxxvii, I haven't 
read it myself, for it looked dullish. ' 

, dulness (dzlnés), [f. Dutt a. + 
-NESS. 


The former spelling is more in accordance with general 
analogies, as in smadiness, iliness, stillness, droliness, 
though the latter has hitherto been more 

The state or quality of being dull. 


1. Slowness or obtuseness of intellect ; stupidity. 


1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.v. xii. (t 118 It is a 
token of dulnesse and of slowe e. Cath. Angl. 


111/1 A Dullnes, editudo. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 
1. 25 Possessed with dullnesse, yea ouerwhelmed with — 
i Hosses Leviath. 1. viii. 32 A slow magi: 
Dul a epg hee al poses 
nesse. pe Dunc. i. 11 o'er 
_ rene Pat, De hter #6 a = oe sh 
188r Jowett 7) De | ness are a 
more useful combination dan cleverness and licence, | 

2. Siageiehnens, inertness, mee | drowsiness, 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1530) 128 b, Theyr ende is 
drynesse of d , dulnesse fe. 1610 SHAKS. 
Temp. 1. ii. 18 art inclinde to s! 2 ‘tis a 
dulnesse, And giue it way. 1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sct. 75 
Such a Dulness and inactivity of humor. Grore 
Greece i, \xxii. IX. 309 From t dullness of char- 
acter ding Spartan citizens. 4 

3. Gloominess of mind or spirits: now esp, as 
arising from want of interest. 

¢1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 


ounson Rambler Ni ; A oa + ame 
R P 3 
yc te dla og i, Cort 
i ve ; 
Playgr. Eur. x.( The deadly dulness of the grounds 
that Soreened a eee family mansion. 


DULL-PATE. 


5. Want of seu or acuteness (of the senses) ; 
want of sharpness, clearness, brightness, distinct- 
ness, or intensity (of physical qualities); bluntness, 
dimness, etc.: see DULL a. 2, 6, 7. 

ie ee Parv. 135/1 Dulnesse of egge, od/usitas. 
1867 MapLer Gr. Forest 3b, Through y* dulnesse of his 
owne colour. 1833 J. Rennie A/ph. Angling 50 Sport.. 
depending. .on the brightness or dulness of the water. 

+ Du'll-pate. Ods. =DvuLi-HEAD. So Du'll- 
pa:ted a., dull-headed. 

15.. Doctour doubble ale 47 in Hazl. £. P. P. 111. 304 
They folowe perlowes lechis, And doctours dulpatis, That 
falsely to them pratis. 1580 Lyty Luphues (Arb.) 439 
Grose and dull pated. 1590 Swinsurne 7estaments 39 b, 
For his dull capacity he might worthily bee tearmed G7os- 
sum caput, a dulpate or adunse. 1668 CuLperper & Cote 
Barthol., Anat.1. xxiv. 59 Blockheads and dull-pated Asses. 
1705 Hickerincitt Wes. (1716) III. 218 Dul-pates. 

|-witted (dv lwitéd), a. [parasynthetic f. 
dull wit +-ED *.]_ Having a dull wit ; stupid. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 467 Dyvers manere of 
soules..beeb witted in a cleer day, and dul witted in an 
hevy. 1553 Even 7reat. Newe Ind.(Arb.) 22 Dulle witted, 
ofno strength, and Idolaters. @ 1680 Butter Rem. (1759) I. 
476 Dull-witted Persons are. . the fittest Instruments for Wise- 
men to employ. 1887 W. GLappeN Parish Probl. 404 The 
average boy. .is [not] duller-witted .. now than I was then. 

(do'li), sd. collog. [f. DuLu a. + -¥: cf. 
softy.) A dull or-stupid person. 

1883 My Triv. Life § Misfort. xliv, I was lucky in my 
dully, since he could entertain himself. Most dullies can’t ! 
1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 12 Any..gentleman or useful dully. 

(dali), a. Zoetic. [In sense 1, a Sc. variant 
of dolly, Dowt8, or of Doty; in sense 2, f. DuLua. 
+-Y (cf. vasty).] 

+1. Doleful, gloomy, dreary. Sc. Ods. 

1g00-20 Dunsar Poems x. 77 Passit is 3our dully nycht. 
Tbid. \. 15 Amang thai dully glennis. 1528 LynpEsay 
Dreme 320 That dully den, that furneis infernall. 

2. Faint, indistinct. 

1832 Tennyson Palace Art xix, Far off she seem’d to 
hear the dully sound Of human footsteps fall. 

Dully (dvljli), adv. [f. Dutt a@.+-ty2.] In 
a dull manner. 

1. Without quickness of understanding ; stupidly. 

1533 More Dedell. Salem Wks. 1029/1 In fayth that is 
spoken very dully. 1682 SHapwett Medal Ep. A, He.. 
has perform’d it so dully, that if you put him away..No 
body else will take him. 1706 Hearne Collect. 7 Jan., A 
dully stupid Creature. 1895 M. CorEtet Sorrows of Satan 
7 So I thought, dully. ve 

2. Without energy or activity; sluggishly, inertly, 
drowsily. 

rsor SHaks, 7'wo Gent. 1. i. 7 Liuing dully sluggardiz’d at 
home. 1698 Crowne Caligula v. Dram. Wks. 1874 IV. 
419 They..in the lap of fortune dully dose. 1731 2nd Add. 
on Bowman's Serm.6 Preaching the Word, not triflingly 
and dully, but with a warmth of affection. 1853 KincsLey 
Hyfatia xi, He who cannot pray for his brothers..will 
pray but dully. 

3. Gloomily, sadly (0ds.) ; with ennui ; irksomely, 
tediously ; without interest or enlivenment. 

1599 SHaks, Much Ado u. i. 380 I warrant thee Claudio, 
the time shall not goe dully by vs. 1699 Gartu Disfens.v, 
61 He’s always dully gay, or vainly grave. 1766 Gotpsm. 
Vic. W. xx, All honest joggtrot men, who go on smoothly 
and dully. 1772 Mrs. Detany Left. Ser. u. I. 538 The 
owe very fine indeed, the house dully magnificent. 1882 

TEVENSON New Arad. Nts, (1884) 76, I trust you did not 
find the evening hang dully on your hands. 

4. In reference to the bodily senses, or to physical 
qualities: Bluntly, indistinctly, obscurely, dimly ; 
not keenly, clearly, or brightly. 

1430-40 Lypc, Bochas 1. xi. (1544) 23a, He gan dully to 
heare their mocions. 1486 Bk. St. Albans Diij, And thay 
be brokyn thay wyll sowne full dulli. 1626 Bacon Sylva 
§ 375 The Aire, if it be Moist, doth in a Degree quench the 
Flame..and..maketh it burne more dully, 1658 Sir T. 
Browne Aydriot. ii. (1736) 18 Many urns are. .dully sound- 
ing. @1680 Butter Kem. (759) II. 385 A Crocodile sees 
clearly in the Water, but dully on d. 1879 Proctor 
Pleas. Ways Sc, i. 25 Dully glowing sodium vapour. 

y; obs. form of Duty. 
+ Du‘lman. Oés. [f. Dutt a.+May.] A dull 


or stupid person ; humorously as a proper name. 
1615 J. SrerHENs Satyr, Ess. 38 And then right harmeles 

Dulman doth inchant the Scene. 1635 Gram. Warre D vij, 

These bussards of Barbary, Ignoramus and Dulman his 

Clearke. a 1666 A. Brome To Friend $. B. on his Trag. 
R.), I dare not do’t, lest any dulman says We by consent 
lo one another praise. 


Dulness : see DULLNEss. 

Dulocracy (divlpkrasi). Also doulo-. [ad. 
Gr. dovAoxparia (Josephus), f. 500A0s slave + -Kparia 
tule; see -cRAcY.] Government by slaves; the rule 
of slaves. Hence Dulocra‘tical a. rare-°. 

1656 Biounr Glossogr., Dulocracy, Dulocratical. 1824 
Gn Dreams of ieviage 1836 Hare Guesses (1867) 232 

e should be the sg of chance and caprice, as has ever 
happened to a people when fallen under a doulocracy. 

+ Dulsaco‘rdis. Ods. [Ultimately f. L. dudcés 
sweet + AccorD sd, 4 or L. chorda string.] Some 
kind of musical instrument. 

¢1450 Hottanp How/lat 762 The dulset, the dulsacordis, 


the schalme of assay, 

Dulse (dvls). Forms: 7- dulse; also 7 
duleasg, 8 dulish, /r. delisk, Sc. dilse, 9 dellish, 
dulce, dul(l)esh, dylish, /r. dillesk, -isk, -osk, 


Sc, dilee, dills, fad. Ir. and Gael. duileasg, in 


711 


W. delysg.] An edible species of seaweed, Rhody- 
menia palmata, having bright red, deeply divided 
fronds, In some parts applied to Zridwa edulis. 

(1547 Satessury Welsh Dict., Dylysc, Tang.] 1684 
O’Fanerty West Connaught (1846) 99 Duleasg, or salt- 
leafe, is a weed growing on sea-rocks. 1698 M. Martin 
Voy. St. Kilda (1749) 58 They boil the Sea-Plants, Dulse 
and Slake. 1707 SLOANE Yamaica 1. bs Ao this concre- 
tion .. sticking to the leaves of the Delisk..it is that 
that plant is made delightful to the Irish palats. 1724 
Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 91 Scrapt haddocks, wilks, 
dulse and tangle. 1732 Arsutunor Rules of Diet 257 
Dilse, a Sea-Plant, antiscorbutick. 1807 J. Hatt 77av. 
Scot. II. 351 Farmers collecting the dilce (as they name it). 
1859 Loncr. in L7é II. 387 The tide is low, and the purple 
dulse is lovely. 1875 Ure’s Dict. Arts 1.67 Rhodomenia 
palmata passes under a variety of names, dulse, dylish, or 
dellish. 1889 Barrie Wind, Thrwms iv, Dulse is roasted by 
twisting it round the tongs fired to a red-heat. 

b. Comb., as dulse-dealer, -green, -man. 

1854 Jll/ustr. Lond. News 5 Aug. 118/4 Occupations of 
the People..Dulse-dealer. 1883 Century Mag. Sept. 730/2 
Variously coloured tiles..dark leaden gray for mud..and 
dulse-green for sea-weed. 1889 Barrie Wind. Thrums iv, 
The dulseman wheeled his slimy boxes to the top of the brae. 

Dulsome (dz'Ilsim), a. Obs. exc. dial. [f. Dutt 
@.+-SoME: cf. darksome, etc.] Of a dull character 
or quality ; dreary, dismal. 

1614 LopGE Seneca’s Epist. 486 Darksome night Begins to 
spread her sad and silent eye Upon the dulsome earth. 
ax77o C. Smart Hop Garden (R.), What time Aquarius’ 
urn impends To kill the dulsome day. 1877 E, Peacock 
N.W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., ‘It’s strange dulsome weather for 
August’. ‘ He looks strange an’ dulsome’, 

+ Dult, z. Oss. [?related to Dut.] Blunt; 
Jig. Aull, stupid. 

az22g Ancr. R. 292 Idoluen mit te dulte neiles.. Pe neiles 
weren so dulte pet heo duluen his fles 1225 Leg. Kath. 
1268 Of ded and of dult [v.7. dul] elatis sensibus) 
Nu is ower stunde! a1240 Ure ‘ott. Home, 203 
Purh driuen fet and honden wid du F 

Dult (dat), sd. Sc. =Doir;"Wdunce ; the boy 
at the bottom of a class or form. 

1825 in etry ae 1831 Blackw, Mag. XXX. 115 Aga- 
memnon should have been sent to school for adult. 1837 
Lockuart Scott iii, The stupidity of some laggard on what 
is called the dults’ bench. ; . 

Dulwilly. [? = dull Willy. A provincial 
name for the Ringed Plover, Zgéalit’s hiaticula. 

1802 G. Montacu Ornith. Dict. (1833) 141. 

Duly (dizli), adv. Forms: 4-5 duelich(e, 
dulich(e, 5-8 duely, 5—- duly (5 duli, dueli, 
dewli, dwly, deuly, diewly, dieulie, dulye, 
5-6 dewly, 6 deulie, dulie, duelye, 7 Sc. dew- 
lie), [f. Dur @.+-Ly2.] In due manner, order, 
form, or season. 


sufficiently, fully. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 245 Whan kinde is dueliche served. 
c1532 Remedie of Love (R.), Not to much, but duely mend- 
ing Both praise and blame. 16x SHaxks. Cyzd, 1. i. 27, I 
do extend him (Sir) within himselfe, Crush him together 
rather than vnfold His measure duly, ¢ 1680 BeveripcE 
Serm. (729) I. 514 Whosover duely considers it. 1742 
Youne Nt, Th. 1. 97 The Man Is yet unborn, who duly 
weighs an Hour, 1816 Keatince 77av. (1817) I. 108 Just 
duly sufficient to shade this. 

3. At the due time; in due season, time, or order. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. 2 Manyfolde storyes, in ordre duely 
sette. 1552 Hutort, Duelye or in due season, tempestine. 
1596 Dacrymrte tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vit, xcviii. (1895) 24 
From their first beginning, continuall successioun, dulie de- 
scending, all ordourlie, 1628 Dicsy Voy. Medit. (1868) 40 
The brize-comes from the sea duely euerie day about noone. 
1638 CowLey Love's Riddle u. i, What day did e’er peep 
forth In which I wept not dulier than the Morning? 1712 
Sree.e Sfect. No. 263 P 6, I will have my Rent duly paid. 
1865 Dickens Jfut. Fr. u. i, And duly got to the Surrey side, 

Duly, anglicized form of Dutta. 

1674 Brevint Saul at Endor xvi. 352 Devotion..whether 
Duly or Hyperduly. 

Dum, obs. form of Doom, Dump, 

+Dumal, a. Obs. rare—°, [ad. L. diimal-ts, f. 
diimus bramble.] 4 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dusmal, pertaining to Bryers. 

Dumb (dvm), a. (sd.) Forms: 1- dumb; also 
3-5 doumb(e, 3-6 domm(e, (4 doum, doump), 
4-7 domb(e, dumbe, 5 doom, dowmb(e, 
dowm(e, dume, 5-6 dome, 5-7 dum, dumm(e. 
[A Com. Teut. adj. ; OE. dumb =OS. dumb (MDu. 
domp, dom, Du. dom, LG. dum), OHG. tumd, 
tump (MHG. tump, tum, early mod.G. thumb, 


DUMB. 


mod.G. dumm), ON. dumbr (Sw. dumb), Goth, 
dumbs. In Gothic, Old Norse, and OE. only 
in sense ‘mute, speechless’; in OHG. it shared 
this sense with those of ‘stupid’ and ‘deaf’; in 
the other langs. and periods, generally in sense 
‘stupid’, though early mod.Ger. had also that of 
‘deaf’: see Grimm. ‘These diverse applications 
suggest as the original sense some such notion as 
‘stupid’, ‘not understanding’, which might pass 
naturally either into ‘deaf’ or ‘dumb’.] 

1. Destitute of the faculty of speech. Deaf and 


dumb: see DEAF a. Te. 

c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. ix. 32 Hig brohton hym dumbne 
man [Aushw. G. monnu dumb and deaf]. c 1000 AELFRIC 
Hont. 1. 202 Beo du dumb odpet peet cild beo acenned. 
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 125 pus bicom be holi man dumb. 
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 131 Pe maistres sete stille y now, 
ry3t as heo doumbe were. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Sev, Sel. Wks. 
I. 29 A deef man and a doumbe was helid of Crist. ¢ 1450 
Merlin 172 Thei were alle stille and mewet as though thei 
hadde be dombe, 1523 SkeLTon Garl. Laurel 82 Better a 
dum mouthe than a brainles scull. 1535 Coverpate //ad. 
ii. 18 Therfore maketh hedomme Idols. 1613 Sir H. Fincu 
Law (1636) 103 Diuers may haue vnderstanding by their 
sight onely, though dumb and deafe. 1678 Vug. Man's 
Caét. 284 Worshippers of dum idols. 1785 Map. D’ArsLay 
Diary 16 Dec., It appears quite as strange to meet with 
people who have no ear for music .. as to meet with people 
who are dumb. 1865 Tytor Early Hist. Man. iv. 66 
Every deaf and dumb child is educated, more or less, by 
living among those who speak. 

absol, c1000 AEirric Hom. 1. 544 Hi forgeafon..dumbum 
sprece. c12z00 Vices & Virtues (1888) 75 Pe blinde, de 
dumbe, de deaue, de halte. 1382 Wyctir Prov. xxxi. 8 
Opene thi mouth to the dumbe. 1611 Biste /sa. xxxv. 6 
The tongue of the dumbe [shall] sing. 1884 tr. Lotze’s Logic 
14 The ideas of the deaf and dumb. 


b. Applied to the lower animals (and, by exten- 
sion, to inanimate nature) as naturally incapable of 


articulate speech. 

ax1000 Andreas 67 (Gr.) Swa pa dumban neat. a 122! 
Ancr. R. 134 Of dumbe bestes & of dumbe fueles leorne: 
wisdom & lore. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 11222 He..did pe dumb 
asse to speke. 1340 Hampote 7». Consc. 49 Pe creatours 
pat er dom, And na witt ne skille has. ¢1489 Caxton 
Sonnes of Aynion iii. 82 They slewe the one thother, as 
domm bestes. 1893 Q. Exiz. Boeth. (E.E. ‘I. S.) 31 That 
the divine Creature .. should no otherwise florish, but that 
it neede possession of dom [L. ‘xanimate] ware? 1697 
Drypen Virg. Georg. t. 644 Dumb Sheep and Oxen spoke. 
Jbid. 111.722 A Plague did on the dumb Creation rise. 1849 
Lytton Caxfons xvi. ii, To waste on a dumb animal what 
..many a good Christian would be..glad of. ; . 

e. Without the power of making their voice 
effectively heard ; without any voice in the manage- 
ment of affairs. 

1856 OLMSTED Slave States 215 The dumb masses have 
often been so lost in this shadow of egotism, that [etc.]. 
1878 Mortey Carlyle 191 He talks of the dumb millions in 
terms of fine and sincere humanity. 

d. In proverbial phrases. 

¢1340 Cursor M. 13739 (Fairf.) pai wex doumbe as stane. 
1382 Wycuir /sa. lvi. 10 Doumbe dogges not mowende 
berken, seende veyne thingus, slepende, and loouende 
sweuenus, c1384 Cuaucer 4. Fame u, 148 Dombe as any 
stoon Thou sittest at another booke. a@1400-50 Alevander 
4747 Dom as a dore-nayle and defe was he bathe. ¢ 1440 
York Myst. xxxiii. 65 Domme as a dore gon he dwell. 
a@ 1607 J. Ravnotps Proph. Vbad. ii. (1613) 29 The ignorance 
of many, that are dumbe dogges, and cannot barke. 1770 
Foote Lame Lover 1. Wks. 1799 II. 61 A whole family 
dumb as oysters. ¢1793 Spirit Pub. Fruls. (1799) 1. 13 
When Pitt, as a fish, in the Commons was dumb. 

2. Temporarily bereft of the power of speech, 
from astonishment, grief, or some mental shock. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 24308 (Gott.) For murning al dumb war 
pai. 1388 Wycuir Ps. xxxviii. 10 [xxxix.9], I was doumbe, 
and openyde not my mouth; for thou ast maad. 1513 
Dovctas Afneis iv, i. 1 Enee half wod and doum stude. 
1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Banish’d Virg. 29 Strucken 
dumbe remain'd Feredo with this..dishonest proposition. 
1714 Miss VaNnuHomriGH in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 287 
There is something in your looks so awful, that it strikes 
me dumb. 1870 Emerson Soc. § Solit., Clubs Wks. (Bohn) 
III. 95 Men of a delicate sympathy, who are dumb in 
amixed company. 1888 J. INctis Tent Life in Tigerland 
31, I was struck dumb with astonishment for the minute. 


8. That does not or will not speak; that remains 
persistently silent ; little addicted to speech; taci- 


turn, reticent. 

1406 Hoccteve La Male Regle 433 The prouerbe is ‘the 
doumb man no lond getith’, 1581 Permie tr. Guazzo’s 
Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 119 That they be neither to talkative, nor 
to dumbe. 1602 Suaks. Ham. 1. i,171 This Spirit dumbe 
to vs, will speake to him, 1629 Mitton Naéivity 173 The 
Oracles are dumb. 1719 De For Crusoe u. xiv, He was 
dumb all the rest of the way. 1742 Younc N¢. 7. 1. 717 
Nature is dumb on this erent point. 1843 CARLYLE 
Past & Pr. 1. v, The English are a dumb people. 

+b. Const. from, of. Obs. 

¢1380 Wycur Wks. (1880) 60 [Pei] ben doumb fro be 
gospel, and tellen here owen lawis. /é7d. 420 His herdis. . 
be doump of lore of lif and lore of word to helpe ber sheepe. 

ec. Zo sing dumb: to be silent, hold one’s peace. 

1715 Auld Stuarts back again in Jacobite Songs (1871) 27 
We'll either gar them a’ sing dumb, Or‘ Auld Stuarts back 
again’. 1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. 11. iii, Vl tell them 
tales will garthem a’sing dumb. 1752 Scotland's Glory, etc. 
54. When this is answered I'll sing dumb. : 

4. Of things or actions: Not characterized by or 
attended with speech or vocal utterance. Dumb 


crambo: see CRAMBO 1b. See also DuMB sHOW. 


DUMB. 


Dumb cake, a cake made in silence on St. Mark's Eve, 
with numerous ceremonies, by maids, to discover their future 
hashends smog Aes!4 ‘ aes 

1 TARKEY England 1. iv, 103 long as the k 
lyuely reson..so long..he ys aboue hys lawys, pete he 
but, as you wyl say, rayson dome. 1580 Sipney Arcadia 
1. iii. (1590) 10 b, His countenance could not but with dumme 
Eloquence desire it. 1592 SHaks. Ven. & Ad. 359 All this 
dum lay had his acts made plain. 1610 — 7emf. 11. 
iii. 39 Expressing..a kinde Of excellent dumb discourse. 
1725 De For Voy. round World fee} 4 Doing all by 
signs and dumb postures. 1814 Mrs. J. West Alicia De 
Lacy I. 30 Her employ is gege dumb cakes, and tying 
girdles round the posts to dream of her sweet-heart. 
Jbid. UI, 214. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. u. xii, Pleasant 
answered with a short dumb nod. F 

5. Not emitting sound, unaccompanied or un- 
attended by sound of any kind; silent, mute; un- 
heard, from the sound being drowned bya louder one. 

[c 1000 AELrric Gram. iii. (Z.) 6 Pa odre nizon consonantes 
synd zecwedene mutx, pet synd dumbe.}] 1606 Swaks. 
Ant. & Ci.1. v. 50 What I would haue spoke, Was beastly 
dumbe [sod. edd. dumbed] by him, a 1680 T. Brooks in 
Spurgeon 7reas. Dav. Ps. exxvii. 2 Written with x, a 
quiet dumb letter. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 
149 This is the dumb and dreary hour When injur'd ghosts 
complain. 1805 Worpsw. Waggoner 39 All the while his 
whip is dumb. 1819 Suetitey Peter Bell 1. xiii, Its thunder 
made the cataracts dumb. 1822-34 Goop Study Med. (ed. 
4) I. 385 The trachea is straight in the tame or dumb 
swan. 1842 Tennyson Sir Galahad 52 The streets are 
dumb with snow. 1891 R. Kirtinc Eng. Flag xvii. in 
Nat, Observer 4 Apr. 511/1 The dead dumb fog hath 
wrapped it. 

b. Dumb peal: a muffled peal of bells. 

1799 Naval Chron. 11. 264 A dumb or mourning peal.. 
was rung. 1837 Boston Advertiser 10 Jan. 2/1 [He] was 
greeted on his return home with a dumb-peal. 

e. Giving no sound on percussion, as a tumour. 

1879 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women i. (1889) 3 The ear 
may find it dumb, or may find a souffle or a pulse. /did. 
xv. 112 The tumour is rounded, dull on percussion, dumb, 
slightly displaceable. 

6. Applied to mechanical contrivances which take 
the place of a human agent. See DumB-wAITER. 

Dumb borsholder: see Hasted (as cited), L. J. Jennings 
Rambles among the Hills (1880) 299. 

1782 Hastep Hist. Kent 11. 284/2 Electing a Deputy to 
the Dumb Borsholder of Chart, as it was called. 1793 
B. Epwarps Hist. W. Indies in Burrowes Cycl. X. 286/1 
The canes are turned round the middle roller by a piece of 
frame work of a circular form, which is called in Jamaica, 
the dumb-returner, 1853 (¢7#/e) Specif. S. Blackwell's 
Patent for .. ‘constructing a certain article of saddlery 
denominated a dumb jockey’. 

7. Saying nothing to the understanding ; inexpres- 
sive, meaningless; stupid, senseless. Now rare. 

1531 Tinpate Exp. 1 Fokn (1537) 53 They wy! breake in 
to thy conscience, as the byshop of Rome doeth with his 
domme traditions. 1542-5 Brinxtow Lament, If. 18b, A 
popishe Masse. .is to the people a domme, yea a deade cere- 
monye. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 17 "Twas not 
dumbe chance, that..contrived a miscarriage in the Letter. 

8. Lacking some property, quality, or accompani- 
ment, normally belonging to things of the name. 

Dumb ague, one in which the paroxysms are obscure, 
Dumb arch: cf. Bunn a. 10. Dumb chamber, one having 
no outlet. Dumbfish: cf. Dunrisu. Dumb nettle, the 
Deap-neTrLe: cf. BLInD-NETTLE. Dusndb nut (Sc. dial.), 
a deaf nut. Dumb piano, a contrivance having a set of 
keys like a piano and used for exercising the fingers. Also 
DuMB BARGE, -BELL, CRAFT. 

1638 Sik 1. Hersert 7vav. (ed, 2) 131 Musick, three kettle 
drummes, and six dumb Musquets. 1792 J. Betknar New- 
Hampsh, 11. 214 Large thick fish, winch after being pro- 
perly salted and dried, is kept alternately above and under 

round, till it becomes so mellow as to be denominated dumb 

sh. 1853 G, Birp Urin. Defosits (ed. 4) 435 Imperfect 
paroxysms, the ‘dumb-ague’ as they are often..called.. 
appear again. 1866 Mitcuett Hist, Montrose viii. 80 The 
dumb overarched spaces where the letters are put in. 1871 
Sir T. Watson Princ. & Pract, Med. (ed. 5) II. xxxv. 763 
This state is commonly known..as the dumb ague, or the 
dead ague; the patient is said not to shake out. 1888 
Gowers Dis. Nervous Syst. 11. 674 Gymnastic exercises 
are often useful. .for which with advantage a‘ dumb piano’ 
may be used. 1894 W. M. F. Perri Hist. Egypt. 185 A 
long staircase, which ended in a dumb chamber. 


+9. oe brightness; dull, dim. sonce-use. 

1720 De For Caft. Singleton xviii. (1840) 315 Her stern.. 
was painted of a dumb white, or dun colour, 

+B. adsol. or as sb. Obs. 1. A dumb person. 

[cx000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, ix. 33 Utadrifene pam deofle, se 
dumbe sprec.] 1596 Datrympte Leséie’s Hist. Scot, (1888) 
I. 122 A murthirer, a dum [wuts], or vngrate to his parents, 

2. A dumb state; a fit of dumbness. 

1640 Nasses Bride u. ii, Suddaine dumbs : Whence are 
they? c1678 Roxb, Ball, (1882) 1V. 358 Can you cure a 
Woman of the Dumb? 

C. Comb. a. general, as dumb-born, -cowed, 
-discoursive, -doggtsh, -mad, -stricken, -struck, etc. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia wu. 244 Thus would hee., bee dumb- 
stricken when her presence gave him fit occasion of speak- 
ing. 1594 Drayton /deas xxxv, A dumb-born muse made 
to express the mind. @1613 Oversury Characters, Distaster 
ra Times Wks. (1856) 128 He is often dumb-mad, and goes 
etter’d in his owne entrailes, 1852 Tuackeray Esmond 1. 
ix, Poor young Esmond was so dumb-stricken that he did 
not even growl. 1887 Sir R. H. Roperts /n the Shires 
vi. 104 For a few moments he remained dumb-struck, 18 
Ruskin Preterita 11. 332 Affectionate in a dumb-doggis' 
sort. 1890 R. Kiptinc Willie Winkie 63 mf were openly 
beaten, whipped, dumb-cowed, shaking and afraid. 

b. Special combinations: Dumb-chalder or 


-cleat, a metal cleat, bolted to the back of the 


712 


stern-post for one of the rudder-pintles to rest on 
(Smyth Sazlor’s Word-bk,); dumb-drift, an air- 
way conveying foul air to the upcast shaft of a 
mine, past and not through the ventilating furnace, 
called when so a dumb-furnace ; dumb- 
pintle, a peculiar kind of pintle or rudder-strap ; 
dumb-seraping, ‘scraping wet-docks with blunt 
scrapers’ (Smyth); dumb sheave, a sheaveless 
block having a hole for a rope to be reeved through ; 
dumb singles, a kind of silk merely wound and 
cleaned (Simmonds Dict. 7vade); dumb-sound v., 
to deaden the sound or noise of ; dumb-tooling 
(Book-binding) = blind tooling ; dumb well, a well 
sunk into a porous stratum, to carry off surface water 
or drainage ; also called b/ind well, dead well. 
1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., *Dumb-drift, an air-way 
conveying air around, not through, a ventilating furnace to 
the upcast. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., *Dumb furnace. 
c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 137 Sometimes one or two 
are shorter than the rest, and work in a socket-brace, 
whereby the rudder turns easier: the latter are called 
*dumb-pintles. 1867 SmytH Sazlor’s Word-bk.s. v. Pintles, 
The rudder is hung on to a ship by pintles and braces.. 
a dumb pintle on the heel finally takes the strain off the 
hinging portions. c 1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 74 
There is a live sheave for the working top pendant, and 
a *dumb one for the hawser. 1882 Nares Seamanship 
(ed. 6) 32 It is rove over a dumb sheave in the flying jib-boom 
end. 1882 Even. Standard 3 Feb., To compel the Com- 
pany to ‘*dumb-sound’ and make water-tight a bridge 
which they propose building across ——— Road. 
1895 J. ZAEHNSDORF Short Hist. Bkbind. 11 Great aptitude 
for receiving impressions of *dumb or blind tooling. 1878 
J. T. Bunce Hist. B'ham 1. 325 The contents of water- 
Closets..pass..into *dumb wells. 1888 Law Rep. Ch. Div. 
XXXIX. 272 A dumb well, viz. a well into which waste 
water flows thro’ ipe and thence percolates into the 
soil, is not a ‘d tercourse’ within the meaning of 
the Highway A 7m. IV. c. 50 § 67. 

Dumb, v. c. adj. (OE. had, in sense 1, 
adumbian.)] 

+1. intr. To become dumb, speechless, or silent. 

[c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark i. 25 A-dumba and ga of bisum 
men.) a1300 £. £. Psalter xxxviii[i]. 3 1 doumbed [vr 
ic a-dumbade] and meked, and was ful stille. a1340 
Hampote Psaéter xxxviiili]. 13, 1 dumbid, and i oppynd not 
my mouth. A 

. trans. To render dumb, silent, or unheard. 

1608 SHaks. Per. v. Prol. 5 Deep clerks she dumbs. 
a 1618 SytvesteR Sonn. late Mirac. Peace xxv. 5 reataes 
the winds, dumbing the loudest thunders. 1650 W. Broucu 


| Sacr. Princ. (1659) 219 It..dumbs the mouth to prayer. 


1885 Burton Avad. Nets. (1887) III. 14 A splendour that 
dazed the mind and dumbed the tongue. 1895 Daily Tel. 
22 Aug. 5/1 Sounds at sea..becoming arrested, and, as it 
were, dumbed by new strata of air. 


Dumb barge. [see Dump a. 8.] A barge with- 
out mast or sails. On the Thames applied to the 
ordinary lighters which travel up and down river 
by means of the tide. (See also quot. 1886, and 
cf. Dummy sd. 4c.) 

1869 Daily News 24 May, There are, we believe, some 
four thousand ‘dumb pee belonging to the port, and 
2,385 sailing barges. 1884 W. C. Russet Fack's Court- 
ship xix, Didn't you notice the dumb-barge right in the 
road of the tug? Those things are the curse of the river. 
1886 NV.  Q. 7th Ser. I, 28 (Editor) A dumb barge used to 
signify a barge used as a pier, and not for the conveyance 
Ma merchandise. 1891 Daily News 3 Oct. 3/8 The dumb 
barge Athens, laden with sugar, was proceeding up the 
Thames. 1896 Letter fr. London Ship-owner, The barges 
used for wrecks are large dumb barges, but the word would 
have to be qualified in some way to convey any other mean- 
ing here than an ordinary cargo lighter. 

Dumb-bell (dv'mbel), sé. 

1. Formerly, An apparatus, like that for swing- 
ing a church-bell, but without the bell itself, and 
thus making no noise, in the ‘ringing’ of which 
bodily exercise was taken. b. Also, applied to a 
similar apparatus, used in learning bel-cuging, 

17x Appison Sfect. No. 115. P 7, I exercise myself 
Hour every Morning upon a dumb Bell, that is placed in a 
corner of my room..My Landlady and her daughters .. 


te ‘com to disturb me while I am ringing. 
never come Wee XV m ustur! xf. 


ll, or a wooden horse. 1888 J. Dixon in V. §& Q. 7th 
Ser. VI. 282. 1895 R. S. FerGuson in Archaeol. Bere 
LII. 45 A contrivance or machine at Knole, called the 
‘Dumb Bell’, which stands in an attic called the ‘Dumb 
Bell Gallery’. 1896 /did. LIII. 23 Two instances of actual 
dumb bells, that is of dumb bells used for the purpose of 
teaching beginners the art of change-ringing. 

2. An instrument of wood or iron, consisting of 
a short bar or slender connecting-piece weighted at 
each end with a roundish knob; used in pairs, 
which are grasped in the hands and swung for 
exercise, 

[x71 Appison Spect. No. 115 ® 8 (Described under the 
name of oxcomaxia).) 1785 F. TytLer Lounger No. 24 P 3. 
It was Peter's vince..to attend me at noon with the 
dumb-bells, and measure out my hour of exercise. 1824 
Miss Mirrorp Vid/age Ser. 1. (1863) 208 Talking. .is nearly 
as good to open the chest as the dumb-bells. Hatt 
Cains Manxman 426 A stone like a dumb-bell, 
both ends and narrow in the middle, 

3. An object of the shape of a dumb-bell or of 
two rounded masses with a narrowed connecting 


part. a. Applied to microscopic crystals of oxalate 


at 


DUMBLEDORE. 
of lime, ete. found in the urine b. A name for 
a di eo 


oy G. Birp Urin. Deposits 127 In a very few ¢: 
the is met with in ver vis iat eo vey ee 
like dumb-bells or rather like two kidneys with their con- 


dum! 
IL, 535 Lithates may 


. 1885 E, Kiew Micro-Organisms § Dis. (1886) 58 
en 2 of a dumb-bell there is always 
noticeable a le intervening bridge. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as dumb-bell-shape, -shaped 
adj. Dumb-bell nebula, a nebula o/ this shape 
in the constellation Vulpecula. 


1867-77 G. F.C. Astron. vi.i ot roe 
. F. Cnampers As vi. iv. curious obj 
near the sth-magnitude star 14 ee -usually known 
asthe ‘Dumb-bell’ nebula. 1844-57 G. Birp Urin. Deposits 
(ed. '5) 29 Avery thick double convex lens excavated at the 
sides into a kind of dumb-bell shape. 1870 RoLLeston 
Anim. Life 77 A dumb-bell-shaped mass. 

Hence Du'mb-bell v., a. intr. To practise with 
dumb-bells; b. ¢vans. To exercise or drill with 
dumb-bells. So Du‘mb-beller. 

1827 Mirror 11. 274/2 Gymnasticating, dumb-belling, and 
dancing-mastering, will not — uicksilver into a man’s 
neck. 188: Miss Brappon AsfA. 1. 144 How Ihave been.. 

overnessed..and back-boarded ..and dumb-belled. 1891 

u Maurier Peter Jbbetson u. in Harper's Mag. July 177/t 
A..persevering dumb-beller and Indian-clubber. 

Dumb cane. A West Indian araceous plant, 
Dieffenbachia Seguine, so called from the of 
its acrid juice upon the tongue: see quot 1830. 

1696 Phil. Trans. XIX. 296 The Dumb Cane..is not pro- 
perly any Species of Reed or Cane, but of Arum or Wake- 
Robin. 1707 SLoane Yamaica 1, 168. 1750 G. HuGues 
Barbadoes 252. 1830 Linptry Nat. Syst. Bot. 287 The 
Dumb Cane. .has the power, when chewed, of swelling the 
tongue and destroying the power of speech. 

b craft. [see Dump a. 8, Crarr od 

a. In some places = DuMB BARGE. b. More 
particularly, A heavy boat, hulk, or ‘hopper’ 
without sail or propelling power, used for weighing 
up and raising sunken ships, or heavy matter from 
the sea-bottom or river-bed. (So in regular use on 
the Tyne.) ¢. ‘An instrument somewhat similar 
to the screw-jack, having wheels and pinions which 
protrude a ram, the point of which communicates 
the power.’ (Ogilvie.) ? Sc. 

1867 SmytH Sailor’s Word-bk., Dumb-craft, a. 
lamps, or punts, not having sails. Also, a name for the 
screws used for lifting a ship on a slip. : 

Dumbfound, dumfound (dzmfawnd), z. 
[app. f. Dums a.+-found in ConrounD.] ‘rans. 
To strike dumb ; to confound, confuse i to nonplus. 

1653 Urqunart Radelais 1. vi. ) 22, I beseech you 
seat Dum-found or Em! — Heads with these 
idle Conceits, 168x Otway Soldier's Fort. u.i, He has but 
one eye, and we are on his blind side; I'll dumb-found him 
(strikes him on the shoulder). 1762 Sterne 77. Shandy V1. 
ii, To cramp and dumbfound his opp 1861 Darwin 
in Life & Lett. (1887) LI. 361, I cannot wriggle out of it; 
1 am dumbfounded. 

Hence Dumbfownded £//. a., Dumbfou'nding 
vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 

1682 Epil. to Mrs. Behn's False Count, Among all the 
follys here abounding, None took like the new Ape-trick of 
Dumfounding. 1690 Drypen Prol. to Beaum, § Fi.'s 
Prophetess 47 That witty r ion, call’d dumb-founding. 
1770 C. Jenner Placid Man IL. 139 That kind of dum! 

gz ‘ish 1815 M: Mem. (1853) 1. 70 
The dum-founded fascination that seizes people. 

Dumbfownder, dumfounder, 7  [f 
prec.: assimilated to FouNDER v.] =prec. 

1710 Fanatick Feast 16 Both which Blockheads..I could 
dumb-founder with a single syllogism. Ricuarpson 
Pamela (1824) I. 181 Poor Beck, poor ; ‘fore gad 
she’s quite dumb-founder'’d. 1848 €. Bronte 7. Lyre (x s7) 
156 I.,.stood.. dumbfoundered at..her us self- 

ion. 1859 G. Rawzinson Herodotus v1. cxxix, Hip- 
called aloud 


possessi 
poclides, who quite dumbfoundered the rest, 
player, and bade him strike up a dance. 


to the flute- 


Dum ndered ///..a.; Dumbfounderment. 
1880 Blackw. Mag. ar. 368 A state of body and mind 
made up.one-half of b the other half of dumb- 


founderment. 1883 A. S. Swan Aldersyde 1. x. 160 In 


Dumble-, in names of insects, app the same as 
DummeL; but varying with dz. -, drumble-, 
humble. 

+ Dumble bee. Oés. rare. [see prec.] A drone. 


1577 Nortusrooke Dicing (1843) 71 To liue, like the ydl 
dumble bee in the hyue, vpon. ps snerinas taboull i, 


Dumbledore, dumble-dore (dz'mb'l,d6"). 
focal. [f. Doumste- + Dor sd.1: see bt DRUMBLE- 
dore.| A humble-bee or bumble-bee; also da/. 


a chafer. ra 

1787 Grose Prov. Gl, Dumble-dore, an or bumble- 
bee, 1799 Sourney in Robberds Mem, W. Taylor 1. 264 
Is it not the humble-bee, or what we call the ‘dumble 
i a place 


dore’,—a word whose deocrigntiva pa 8 


in song? — Doctor 1 3 
however, let age be likened to.a Dumbledore, which Dr. 
(1879) 276 Buzzed 


is the 
ose Mise Sosen Daisy Chain 1, xxvi. 


DUMBLY. 


and hummed over by busy, blacktailed yellow-banded 
dumbledores. 1863 G. Keartey Links in Chain iii. 57 In 
Hampshire these insects [humble bees] are Dumbledors, in 
other districts Bumble bees, and hummel bees, 1880 Corx- 
wall Gloss., Dumbledory, cockchafer. 

Dumbly (dzmli), adv. [f. Dump a@.+-1yx2.] 
In a dumb manner ; speechlessly, mutely. 

1552 Hutort, Dombely, mute. 1592 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 
1059 Dumblie she passions, frantikely she doteth. 1593 — 
Rich. 11, v.i. 95 One Kisse shall stop our mouthes, and 
dumbely part. a 1845 Hoop Bridge of Sighs xvii, Cross» 
her hands humbly, As if praying dumbly. 1859 TENNYSON 
Enid 1177 Your wretched dress ..dumbly speaks Your 
story, that this man loves you no more. 

bness (dvmnés). [f. as prec. +-NESS.] 
The quality or condition of being dumb; inability 
to speak ; speechlessness ; silence, muteness. 

1380 Wyc.r Wks. (1880) 126 To displese god bi suf- 
frynge of opyn synne & domnpnesse. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 
135/1 Dumnesse, sutitas, taciturnitas. c1450 Cov. Myst. 
(Shaks. Soc.) 125 The plage of dompnesse his lippis lappyd. 
1565 JEWEL Def, Apol. 553(R.) This therefore is no spiritual 
dumbenesse. r61r SHaxs. Wint. 7. v. ii. 14 There was 
speech in their dumbnesse, Language in their very gesture. 
1861 O'Curry Lect. MS. Materials Irish Hist. 253 ‘Vhe 
spell of his dumbness was broken, and the young man spoke. 

b show. 

1. In the early drama, A part of a play repre- 
sented by action without speech, chiefly in order to 
exhibit more of the story than could otherwise be 
included, but sometimes merely emblematical. 

1g6r Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc (1847) 94 The Order of 
the domme shewe before the firste Acte, and the Significa- 
tion therof. 1602 SHaxs. Ham. ut. ii. 14 Groundlings, 
who (for the most part) are capeable of nothing, but inex- 
plicable dumbe shewes, and noise. a 1628 F. Grevitte Sid- 
ney (1652) 77 Both stood still a while, like a dumb shew ina 
tragedy. 1674 S. Vincent Gallant's Acad, 20 You have 
heard..nothing but the Prologue, and seen no more thana 
Dumb Show: Our Vetus Comedia steps out now. 1887 
Saintspury Hist. Elizab, Lit. vii. (1890) 275 The recourse 
to dumb show (which, however, Webster again permitted 
himself in 7e Duchess). 

2. Significant gesture without speech. 

Ra Suaxs. 77¢, A. mt. i. 31 Or shall we bit our tongues, 
and in dumbe shewes Passe the remainder of our.,dayes? 
1611 Corcr., Emparle silence, a dumbe shew, or speaking 
by signes. 1711 Apptson Sfect. No. 123 ? 5 Expressing in 
dumb Show those Sentiments of .. Gratitude that were 
too big for Utterance. 1888 Fritn Axfodiog. III. v. 109 A 
great master in the art of conveying a story by dumb-show. 

3. attrib., as dumb-show-man. 

1812 J. Notr Dekker’s Gulls Horne-bk. 56 note, A sort of 
dumb-show-man stands forth between the acts, holding up 
a board on which is inscribed the business of the act about 
to.commence, — 

Dumb-waiter. [see Dump a. 8.] 

1. An article of dining-room furniture, intended 
to dispense with the services of a waiter at table. 

In its typical form, an upright pole bearing one or more 
revolving trays or shelves. On these are placed dishes and 
other table requisites, which can thus readily be got at as 
required. Other simpler forms have also been used. 

1755 Mem. Capt. P, Drake 11. iii. 49 As soon as Supper 
was over, Glasses anda Bottle of Burgundy with a Flask of 
Champaign, was laid on the Table, with a Supply of those 
Wines on a Dumb-Waiter. 1779 BoswE ct in Fitzgerald Life 
(1891) 265 We dined in all the elegance of two courses and 
a dessert, with dumb waiters. 1824 Scotr Let. to Ld. Mon- 
tagu 14 Apr. in Lockhart. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. 
xxvi, A capacious dumb-waiter, with a variety of bottles and 
decanters on it. 1884 SHortHouse Schoolmaster Mark u. 
vii, Dumb waiters. .were placed by the table’s side, and the 
servants left the room. 

2. (U.S.) ‘A movable frame, by which dishes, 
etc. are passed from one room or story of a house 
to another.’ (Webster, 1864.) 

[‘So called in my father’s house.’ F. Hall.] 

Dumby, earlier form of Dummy. 

Dume, obs. f. DumB ; obs. Sc. f. Doom v. 

Dumetose (dizmito"'s), a. Bot. [f. L. dimetum 
thicket (of thorn-bushes), f. dé#mus thorn-bush, 
bramble: see -osE.] Bush-like. 

@ 1864 Henstow is cited by Webster. 

Dumfound, -er: see DumMBrounD, -ER. 

Dummel (dv'mél), a. (sd.) déal, [app. a deriv. of 
Doms, with the more general sense seen in Ger. 
dumm, Du. domm.) 

A. adj. Stupid, dull, slow. 
person ; a stupid, dull person. 

1570 Levins Manip. 55 A Dumel, stupidus .. A Dummel, 
mutus, 1847-78 HALLIwELL, Dummil, a slow jade. Salop. 
1878 Jerreries Gamekeeper at H. 155 Severe weather, 
which makes all wild animals ‘d 1’. 1881 Leicestersh. 
Gloss., Dummel, a dolt; a blockhead. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., 
Dumble, stupid. D. Zl, slow to comprehend. 1888 
Berksh. Wds., Dummle, in animals, sluggish. 

+Dummerell. Oés. rare—. [f. DumBa.] A 
dumb person ; a dummy. 

1 . Harvey Pierce's Super. 185 Is it not impossible 
for Humanity to be a Spittle-man, Rhetorique a dummerell 
.. History a krowt ? 

+Bummerer. O/d slang. Also 6 dommerar, 
7 -er. [f. DumBa.] The cant name for a beggar 
who pretended to be dumb. 

1567 Harman Caveat xii. (1869) 57 The Dommerars are 
lewd and most subtyll people; the moste part of these are 
Walch men. 1615 J. Srernens Satyr, Ess. 274 It is 
thought he will turne Dummerer, he practises already, and 
is..many times taken speechlesse. 1622 FLetcuer Begear’s 
Bush u. i, igen your orator .. That whilom was your 

Vou. Ill. 


B. sb. A dumb 


713 


Dommerer. 1745 in New Cant Dict. 1834 H. Ainswortu 
Rookwood 11. v, The dummerar, whose tongue had been 
cut out by the Algerines. 


(dv mifoi), v. monce-wd. [f. Dummy 
+-FY.] trans. To make a dummy of. 

1893 Lavy Ft. Dixte in Mod. Rev. 1. v. 461 Royalty, 
mummyfied by custom and dummyfied by law. 

Du'mminess. vave. [f. next+-Ness.] The 
quality of being a dummy. 

1852 C, A. Bristep Eng. University (ed. 2) 235 note, A 
little anecdote. .which. .strikingly illustrates the dumminess 
of a certain class of the English population. 

Dummy, dumby (dvmi), sd. Also 6-7 Sc. 
dummie, dumbie, 8 dummee, 9 dumbee. [f. 
DumBa.+-y. Cf. Bhacky, Darky.] 

1. A dumb person. collog. 

1598 Fercuson Scot. Prov. (1785) 10(Jam.) Dummie canna 
lie. 1619 Boyp Last Battell of Soule (1629) 1049 ‘ Jam.) All 
men are lyers, but Dummie cannot lye. 1681 Cotvi, Whigs 
Supplic. (1751) 120 Like to dumbies making signs. 1823 
Moore Fades 26 The wise men of Egypt were secret as 
dummies. 1826 J. Witson Noct. Amr, Wks. 1855 I. 117 
Tongue-tied like a dumbie. @1849 Hor. SmitH Addr. 
Mummy ii, Speak ! for thou long enough hast acted dummy. 

2. At Waist, An imaginary player represented by 
an exposed ‘hand’, managed by and serving as 
partner to one of the players ; a game so played. 

Double dummy, a game in which two ‘hands’ are ex- 
posed, so that each of the two players manages two ‘ hands’. 

1736 Swirt Proposal for Regul. Quadrille Wks. 1824 VII. 
374 She shall not handle a card that night, but Dummy 
shall be substituted in her room. 1825 Lamp Lett. (1888) 
II. 140 We have a corner at double dumbee for you. 1826 
Disraeti Viv. Grey (L.) He proposed that we should play 
double dummy. @ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) II. 181 He'll 
see her, silent as a mummy, At whist, with her two maids 
and dummy. 1856 Whist-player (1858) 70 Dummy cannot 
revoke. 1860 Bohn's Hand-bk, Games iw. 178 He who 
draws the lowest card takes Dumby as his partner. 

3. A person who hasnothing to say or whotakes no 
active part in affairs ; a dolt, blockhead. 

1796 Mrs. M, Rosinson Angelina II, 61 Those who take 
you for a dummy will be out of their reckoning. 1840 
Dickens Barn. Kudge \xi, If the chief magistrate’s a man 
and not a er 1856 Miss Mutock ¥. Halifax (ed. 
17) 219 Half the House of Commons is made up of harm- 
less dummies. 

4. One who is a mere tool of another; a ‘man of 
straw’; in Australia, a man employed to take up 
crown-land as if for himself, but in reality foranother 
person who is not entitled to do so. 

1866 Rocerson Poets 23 The good selectors got most of 
the land The dummies being afraid to stand. 1880 C. H. 
Pearson in Victorian Rev. 1.527 Nodoubt this will reduce 
the area upon which dummying is profitable, and the average 
profits of dummies. 1885 Law Zimes Rep. LI. 687/2 The 
petitioner was from first to last a mere dummy in the hands 
of Mr, Tassie. A 

5. A counterfeit object made to resemble the real 
thing, as a sham or empty package, drawer, etc. in 
a shop, made as though containing goods ; a substi- 
tute used to mark or occupy a space in an arrange- 
ment of articles, etc.; sfec., 

a. A block, model, or lay figure on which clothes, hair, etc. 
are displayed. b. A figure representing a man in rifle or 
artillery practice. c. A floating landing-stage, or dumb 
barge. - A hatter's pressing-iron. @. A set of sheets or 
leaves of paper made to resemble a book or document. See 
also quots. 1858, 1864, and cf. 6. 

a 1845 Hoop Tale 7rumpet vii, She was deaf as any 
tradesman’s dummy. 1850 THACKERAY Hoédson’s Choice il. 
Wks. 1886 XXIV. 228 A dark green suit..purchased at an 
establishment in Holborn, off the dummy atthe door. 185r 
Illustr. Lond. News 53 Attempted to jump on to the 
‘dummy’ before the vessel had got quite alongside. 1856 
S. C. Brees Gloss. Terms, Dumiby, a floating barge con- 
nected with a pier. 1857 Mrs. Matuews 7ea-7. 7 alk 1. 
341 Like the dummies on a young lawyer's shelf. 1858 
Stmmonps Dict, Trade, Dummy ..a name given by firemen 
to the jets from the mains or chief water pipes. 1864 Wrs- 
sTER, Dummy, 1. A dumb-waiter (Col/og.) .. 5. A locomotive 
with condensing engines, and, hence, without the noise of 
escaping steam. 1870 ///ustr. Lond. News 24 Sept. 327 On 
Friday the small gun was again fired, at various ranges, 
from 1200 down to 400 yards, at targets and at dummies.. 
making the same targets and producing the like destruc- 
tive effect among the dummies. 1871 Daily News 28 Apr. 
(Farmer), The Bill is not yet in the hands of members or 
public, the document placed on the table of the Lords being 
what is, in parliamentary slang, called a ‘dummy’. 1893 
Leeds Mercury 19 May 5/2 Mr. Acland.. laid the new 
Evening School le in dummy form on the table of the 
House of Commons. 

6. slang. A pocket-book. 

1785 in Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue (Farmer), 1812 in J. 
H. Vack Flash Dict. 1834 H. Ainswortu Rookwood 11. 
v, Then out with the dummy. 

"7. attrib. or adj, Counterfeit, sham: see 4. 
Dummy whist: see 2. 

1843 Lerevre Life Trav. Physic. U1. m. xi. 234, I found 
three gentlemen playing a rubber of dummy whist. 1846 
Punch X1. 185 (Farmer) A Dummy list of Causes has long 
since been preferred. 1870 Reape Put yourself, etc. I, xi. 
275 A very beautiful organ that had an oval mirror in the 
midst of its gilt dummy pipes. 1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet 
Breakf-t. i, (1885) 13 The dummy clock-dial. 1892 STEvEN- 
son Across the Plains 15, I have..enjoyed some capital 
sport there with a dummy gun. 

, v. Australia, [f. prec. sb.] trans. 
To select or take up (land) in one’s own name, 
but really in the interest of another person who is 


not himself entitled todo so. Also aédsol. 


pil. for money in general. 


DUMP, 


1873 Trotiope Austr. § N. Z. vi. 101 The..system is 
generally called dummying—putting up a non-existent free 
selector—and is illegal. 1880 C. H. Pearson in Victorian 
Rev. 1. S27 A cry is raised. .that land is dummied for rich 
men. /67d. 531 A man who has dummied 320 acres, 1885 
Mrs. C. Prazp Head Station 15 The expediency of doing 
a little ‘dummying’. 

So Du‘mmyism, the practice of dummying land. 

1875 Spectator (Melbourne) 19 June 80/2 ‘ Larrikinism’ 
was used as a synonym for ‘ blackguardism ’, and ‘dummy- 
ism’ for ‘perjury’. 1877 M. Crarke Hist. Australia 211 
It contains powers to prevent dummyism, and gives con- 
cessions to Crown lessees. 1880 C. H. Pearson in Vic- 
torian Rev. 1. 532 In Victoria. .the system specially favours 
dummyism. 

Dummygrane, var. of DEMIGRAINE, Obs. 

1568 Satir. Poems Reform. x\viii. 76 With vlis to renew 
it..And gar it glanss lyk Dummygrane. 


Dumortierite (diwmputisrsit). 1/én. [Named 
1881 after M. Dumortier.] A silicate of alumina, 
occurring in minute crystals in gneiss, and showing 
unusual dichroism. 


1881 Amer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. 1. XXII. 157 Dumortierite .. 
has a bright blue color. 


Dumose (didmou's), a. rare. [ad. L. diaimos-us 
bushy, f. dus thorn-bush, bramble.] a. Full of 
bushes. b. Bot. Having a compact bushy habit 
of growth. 

[1623 Cockeram, Damosous, fullof bushes] 1721 Battey, 
Dumose, full of Brambles and Briers. 

Hence Dumo'sity. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dumosity, that hath many, or is 
full of Brambles or Bryers. (Sic.) 

Dumous (di#-mas), 2. =DumMosse, a. 

1847 in Craic. 

Dump (dzmp), s/.1 Also 6 dompe, doompe, 
dumppe, 6-7 dumpe. [First found early in 16thc.; 
derivation obscure. 

In form it corresponds to MDu. domp exhalation, haze, 
mist ; and possibly the original notion might be a mental 
haze or mist, in which the mind is befogged ; but connecting 
links are not known, and the sense-development in Eng, 
does not quite favour such a starting-point. Cf. also the 
Ger. adj. dumpf, LG. dun, dull, flat, hollow (in sound), 
dead, obtuse ; mentally depressed, clouded, dazed, or dulled, 
having the sensations blunted (Grimm); gloomy (silence) 
(Fliigel); but this is known only from middle of 18thce., and 
has no corresponding sb.] 

+1. A fit of abstraction or musing, a reverie; a 
dazed or puzzled state, a maze; perplexity, amaze- 
ment ; absence of mind. (Often in A/.) Oés. 

1523 SKELTON Gar/. Laurell 14 So depely drownyd T was 
in this dumpe, encraumpyshed so sore was my conceyte, 
That, me to rest, I lent me to a stumpe of an oke, 1530 
[see Dump v.21]. 1586 J. Hooker Girald, [rel. in Holin- 
shed II. 17/1 [hey] were in a great dumpe and perplexitie, 
and ina maner were at their witsend. 1611 Cotcr., Donner 
la muse ad, to put into a dumpe, to make to studie, or pause 
about a matter. 1663 Butter Hzd. 1. ii. 973 To rouse 
him from lethargic dump, He tweak'd his nose, with gentle 
thump. ¢ 1698 Locke Cond. Underst. § 45 Theshame that 
such dumps caure to well-bred people, when it carries them 
away from the company. 

2. A fit of melancholy or depression ; now only 
in pl. (collog. and more or less Aumorous) : Heavi- 
ness of mind, dejection, low spirits. 

1529 More Comf. agst. Trid. 1. Wks. 1140/2 What heapes 
of heauynesse, hathe of late fallen amonge vs alreadye, with 
whiche some of our poore familye bee fallen into suche 
dumpes. 1555 W. WatremMan Fardle Facions u. viii. 179 
Nor lacke throwe men into desperate doompes, 1582 ‘I’. 
Watson Centurie of Loue xi. (Arb.) 47 Into howe sorrowfull 
a dumpe, or sounden extasie he fell. c 1600 Chevy Chase 
198 For Witherington needs must I wayle As one in doleful 
dum 1664 Butter Hud. u. i. 85 His head, like one in 
doleful dump, Between his Knees. 1714 Swift's Corr. 
Wks. 1841 II. 513 He tells me that he left you [Swift] hor- 
ridly in the dumps. 1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue s.v., 
Down in the dumps, \ow spirited, melancholy. 1850 THack- 
gray Lett. 23 Apr., If 1 am dismal don't I give you the 
benefit of the dumps? 

+3. A mournful or plaintive melody or song; 
also, by extension, a tune in general ; sometimes 
app. used for a kind of dance. Ods. 

a 1553 Upat Royster D. u. i. (Arb.) 32 Then twang with 
our sonets, and twang with our dumps, And heyhough from 
our heart, as heauie as lead lumpes. a@ 1586 SipNey Sonu. 
in Arb. Garner II. 180 Some good old dumpe, that Chaucers 
mistresse knew. 1891 Suaxs. Two Gent. 1. ii. 85 To their 
Instruments Tune a deploring dumpe. 1610 HoLtann Cam- 
den's Brit. 1. 421 The funerall Song or Dump of a_ most 
ancient British Bard. 1706 Appison Rosamond 1. iv, What 
heart of stone Can hear her moan, And not in dumps so 
doleful join? a@18gz Moore Vision ii, 33 Like..an Irish 
Dump (‘the words by Moore’) At an amateur concert 
screamed in score. 

Dump, s3.2_ [Not known before the latter part 
of 18th c., some time later than Dumpy a.*, from 
which it is prob. a back-formation.] 

A term familiarly applied to various objects of 
‘dumpy’ shape. 

a. A roughly-cast leaden counter, used by boys in some 
games. (In quot. 1859 applied to the disk of metal or 
©blank’ before being coined.) b. A name of certain small 
coins ; es. a coin worth 1s. 3d. > current in Aus- 
tralia, made by punching a disk out of the middle of a 
Spanish dollar and milling the edge. Hence (s/ang or 
collog.) used allusively for a small coin or amount; and in 
ce. A kind of bolt or nail used in 
ship-building (also dump-bolt, dump-nail); see quots. d. 
A kind of quoit made of rope for playing on board ship. 
e. A local name for a short thick skittle; AZ. the: game 

90 


DUMP. 


played with these. f. A globular sweetmeat, a ‘bull’s-eye’. 
&. Geelidiitecnshoekuek ceab-aeeien 

@. 1770-90 D. Kitner Village School ix. in Miss Yonge 
Storehouse of Stories (1870) 369, 1 could buy .. a too, 
and some: dumps, a new skipping-rope. 1 ROSE 
Dict. — Tongue s.v., Dumps are also small pieces of 
lead, cast by schoolboys in the shape of money. 1825 Hone 
Every-day Bk. 1. 253 The capons were leaden representa- 
tions of cocks and hens pitched at by leaden dumps. 1827 
Hoop Retrospect. Rev. v, My dumps are made of more than 
lead. a 1845— Tale Trumpet xxxvi, Playing at dumps, or 
pitch in the hole. 1859 4// Year XR No. 10. 239 The 
golden dumps that are passed into the Weighing Room .. 
are distributed amongst the balances. ; 

b. 1821 Bank of N. S. Wales Notice 5 May, in Hyman 
Coins Austral, (1893) ut. 59 The following Description of 
illegal Coin is much in Circulation :—Dol and Dumps 
that are not Silver. 1842 Barnam /ugol. Leg., Sir Rupert, 
When a gentleman jumps In the river at midnight for want 
of ‘the dumps’. rr T. Hewcett Parsons & W.xxxv, 
It’s all gone, every dump. ~ 2: West Hist. Tasmania 
II. 141 Ruan struck out from dollars. 1870 Henrrey Guide 
Eng. Coins (1891) 293 The pieces (halfpence and farthings) 
of 1717 and 1718 are much thicker and smaller than those 
of ae following dates, and generally go by the name of 
dumps. 1892 A. Birrett Kes Fudicata iv. 116 One of 
those questions .. that..does not mattera dump. 

c. 1794 Rigging & Seamanship 1. 7, Nails, Dump, are 
round, and have long flat points. 1857 Smyru Saslor’s 
Word-bk., Dump-bolt, a short bolt driven in to the plank 
and timber as a partial security previous to the thorough 
fastenings being putin. Cassell’s Techn. Educ. \V. 
60/1 ‘The fastenings. .in the deck-planking..consist of nails 
or dumps (short bolts) driven into, not through the beams. 

e@. 1895 W. Sussex County Times 4 May 8/5 A game 
known as ‘dumps’. 

. 1869 Brackmore Lorna D., ii. 5 Some of us. .having 
sucked much parliament and dumps at my only charges. 
1894 — Perlycross 2 The big Tom Waldron supplied the 
little Phil Penniloe with dumps and penny-puddings. 

. 1840 E. Howarp Yack Ashore xviii. (Stratm.), Her 
dump of a daughter. 1867 Cartyie Remin. LI. 53 & puffy, 
thickset, vulgar little dump of anold man. 1887C. Hazarp 
Mem. Diman v. 94 The little dump of a rector made an 
eloquent address on the importance of observing the laws. 

p, 50.3 local. [perh. of Norse origin: ef. 
Norw. dump pit, pool, also dial. Ger. dumff, 
diimpfel, diimpel, a deep place in flowing or stand- 
ing water, an abyss (Grimm); Du. dompelen to 
plunge, dive, dip.] A deep hole in the bed of a 
river or pond. 

1788 W. MarsHatt E. Yorksh. Gloss., Dump, a deep 
hole of water; feigned at least to be bottomless. 1868 
Arkinson Cleveland Gloss., Dump, a deep hole in the bed 
of a river, or in a pool of water. 1887 Ruskin Hortus [n- 
clusus 28 An Alpine stream. .becomes a series of humps and 
dumps wherever it is shallow. 

Dump, 34.4 [f. Duur v1, senses 2, 3.] 

1. (Chiefly U.S.) A pile or heap of refuse or 
other matter ‘dumped’ or thrown down, 

1871 Rept. in Daily News 21 Sept., The dump is being 
overhauled and the pay ore selected for the company’s mill. 
1883 Stevenson Silverado Sg. 8: A canyon... was here 
walled across by a dump of rolling stones. 1883 Blackiv. 
Mag. Jan. 49 note, A ‘dump’ is the mass of refuse matter 
which gathers at the mouth of a mine. 1885 C. F. Hotper 
Marvels Anim. Life 8 It was pointed out as an ash-dum 
from a steamer. 1895 St. Fames' Gaz. 10 Sept. 16/1 Small 
chips of quartz which I took from the dump of this working. 

2. (Chiefly U.S.) A place where refuse material, 
esp. from a mine or quarry, is deposited. 

1872 Raymon Sfatist. Mines & Mining 68 Natural ad- 
vantages for the construction of dumps and undercurrents. 
1883 Century Mag. Jan. 327/1 To use[the caiion] asa ‘dump’ 
or depository for the ‘tailings ' or débris of his sluices, 189x 
Beston (Mass.) Youth's Comp. 
keepers into the domestic ash- 
to the town or city ‘dump’. 

3. A dull abrupt blow, a thud; a bump, as ofa 
heavy body falling. 

1825 Jamieson, Dump, a stroke [with the feet]. a1859 
L. Hunt Robin Hood u. xxviii, As ina leathern butt of wine 
..Stuck that arrow with adump. 1894 Mrs. Croker J/r, 
Fervis I. 211 Mrs. Brande. .was now let down with adump. 

4. Comb., as dump-heap, dump-pile =1. 

J. G. Bourke Snake Dance of Moguis xxvi. 286 On 
the outskirts of the town are great dump-piles. 


Dump, @. rare. [In sense 1, app. f. Dump sé.1 
In sense 2, perh. related to LG. and EFris. ete} 


July 13/1 Thrown by house- 
rrel, and from there. .taken 


damp, moist, heavy, close, hollow in sound, etc. 

+1. In a ‘dump’, amazed, perplexed ; fo strike 
dump, to strike with amazement. (But perhaps an 
error for to strike dumb.) Obs. 

1616 S. Warp Coale from Altar (1627) 3x How can hee 
chose but be strucke dumpe? 1622 Slain tr. Aleman's 
Gusman d Alf. 1. 53 He was strooken so dumpe, and so 
full of wonder, to see what I had show’d him, that hee had 
not a word to say. [Cf. /éid. 1. 79 Whil’st they were thus 
strucken into their dumps and doubts.] 

2. Of the consistence of dough or dumpling ; 
without elasticity or spring. 

1852 Memaarriag of Mem., An heiress doughy-like and 
dump. 1866 J. B. Rose Ec/. & Georg. Virg, 83 The more 
we knead, the denser will it grow, Adhesive like to pitch 
and dump as dough. 


Dump (dvmp), v.1 Also 4 domp(e. [perh. 
of Norse origin: cf. Da. dumpe, Norw. dumpa, 
Sw. dial. dompa, to fall suddenly or with a rush, 
to fall plump; also in same sense the Sw, str. vb. 
dimpa,damp,dumpit ; which may show the primary 
ablaut series. But the sense of the word evi- 
dently received onomatopceic modification, from 


714 


z3.. &. 2. AUP. C. Vv 
én to ae abyme. 1 Ll Sogo Se 24 Kene 
men sal! pe kepe, And do pe dye on a day, domp in pe 
estr. Troy 10713 But I degh of pi dynt, and 


pai wnen :—Pai dump in the depe and to dethe passe. 
+b. trans. To cast or fling down forcibly, to 
plunge down. Oés. (exc. as in 2). 

1300 Cursor M. 22643 And drive bam dun all vntil hell, 

And dump [Gé¢t. bete} be deuels pider in, 
II. in modern use. 

2. trans. (Chiefly U.S.) To throw down in a 
lump or mass, as in tilting anything out of a cart; 
to shoot or deposit (rubbish, etc.) ; to fling down 
or drop (anything) with a bump. Also fig. in 
reference to persons. 

1828 Wesster, Dum, v.t., to throw or drop, as a load 
from a cart. 1856 O-mstep S/ave States 387 Loading them 
{carts] with dirt, and dumping them upon the road. 
Emerson Soc. &. Solit., Civilization Wks. (Bohn) III. 13, 
I see..California quartz-mountains dumped down in New 
York. 1 MacCoox Nat. Hist. Agric. Ant Texas 139 
Presently the carcasses .. were carried up and dumped into 
the water. 1880 Ear: Dunraven in 19th Cent. Oct. 593 The 
houses..are .. dumped down anywhere. 1882 Standard 9 
Dec. 3/6 The tip system..by which manure. .can be dumped 
--with no further labour than working a crank handle to 
give the .. cart body the necessary inclination. 1882 SaLa 
Amer. Revis. (1885) 128 A baggage ‘porter ‘dumps’ trunks 
and portmanteaus down on the pavement as though he 
were delighted with the noise they made in falling. 

fig. 1887 Westm. Rev. CXXVIII. 349 Hundreds of 
thousands of the poorest and least educated peasantry in 
.. Europe were all at once dumped upon the American 
seaboard. 1890 G. B. Suaw Fad. Ess. Socialism 189 To 
dump four hundred and fifty millions a year down on the 
Exchequer counter. 

b. zntr. for ref. To deposit oneself, drop down, 

1891 Daily News 10 Jan. 3/3 Down we dump in the dead 
rushes, buckle on our own skates, and are presently flying 
away with the rest of them. 

3. rans, To thump, beat, strike. Sc. 

1808-18 Jamieson, Dumf, to strike with the feet. 1832-53 

. Battantyne in Whistle-Binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. u. 74 

e thumpit the blacksmith hame to his wife, He dumpit 
the butcher, who ran for his life. 

b. intr. To strike with a dull abrupt thud. 

1832 L. Huxt Boileau Battle Bks. 115 The book, like 
butter dumps against his head. 

4. trans. ‘Yo compress (wool-bales), as by hy- 
draulic pressure. Australia. 

1872 C. H. Even My Wife and I in Queensi. 68. 1896 
Morris Austral English s.v., Bales are often marked ‘ Not 
to be dumped’. 

+ Dump, v.2 Ods. [f. Dump sd.1] 

1. intr. a. To fall into, or be in, an abstracted 
or absent state of mind; to muse. b. To be in 
the dumps; to be sad or downcast in spirit. 

1530 Patscr. 531, I dumpe, I fall in a d or musyng 
upon thynges, ye me amuse .. He dumpeth nowe a days 
more than he was wont to do. 1 Sranynurst nets 
u. (Arb.) 46 With Colericque fretting 1 dumpt and ranckled 
in anguish. aad Greene Ori. Fur. (1599) 17 He knows 
the Countie (like to Cassius) Sits sadly dumping, ayming 
Cesars death. 1590 — Never Too Late G, I thought either 
Diana sate musing on the principles of her modesty, or 
Venus malcontent, dumping on her amours. 

2. trans. To cast into melancholy, sadden, grieve, 
cast down. (Sometimes blending with Dump v.!) 

c1585 CARTWRIGHT in R. Browne Answ. to Cartwright 
87 ‘The greater nomber of them being dumped with dumbe 
ministerie. 1599 NAsHe Lenten Stuffe 45 The gods..were 
so dumpt with this miserable wracke [of Hero Leander], 
that they beganne to abhorre all moysture. 1614 Forses 
Def. Lawfull Ministers 66 (Jam.) Which .. hath dumped 
in a deep sorrow all true hearts of both the ilands, 

Dumpage. U.S. [f. Dump v.1+-ace.] The 
work of dumping or emptying out refuse, ballast, 
etc. ; the | pgicoy of doing this on a particular piece 
of ground ; the fee paid for this privilege. 


1864 in beer vu. [t D : 
Dom (dompas). U.S. [f. Domp v.) + 
-ER}, Oe who ‘dumps’ or deposits rubbish, 


etc. b. A dumping-cart or track. 
188: Raymonp Mining Gloss., Dumper, a tilting-car used 
on dumps 


Dumpily (dompili), adv. [f Dumry a2 + 
-LY2.] In a dumpy mannét or form. 

1880 Watson in ¥rnd. Linn, Soc. XV. No. 82, 126 Another 
specimen is more dumpily conical. 

Dumpiness (dv-mpinés). | [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The state or quality of bein igen ee 

1824 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser. 1. (1863) 128 A very little 
inclined to clumsy dumpiness. Miss Brappon Gold. 
Calf xi. 147 Girls with nineteen inch waists, before whom 
I felt myself a monster of dumpiness. [ . 

Dumping (dv'mpin), vii. 56.1 [f, Due v.' + 
-InG!.] The action of the verb Dump; flinging 
down in a heavy mass ; depositing of rubbish, ete. ; 
concr. a heap of material flung down or deposited. 

1883 Howeits Woman's Reason xii, The Common, where 
for three months past the monumental dumpings of the icy 
streets had Gamaliy atcuunatel, 1894 Sata Lond. up to 
date xvii. 210 Noises of the hammering of rivets, and the 
dumping down of huge sheets of metal. 


DUMPLING. 


b. attrib, Used for dumping or depositing loads, 
as ag. egg -car, -cart, -ground, -machine, 
-place, -reel, -sled, -wagon. re 

1857 V. Y. Tribune 18 May (Bartlett), There is much 
itaky in eure genes nds for the dirt from the 
streets. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dumping-reei ar- 


of the [French] Republic 
+ Damping vbl. sb.2 Obs. [f. Dump v.2 + 
-Inc!, ental stupefaction. . 
Erasm. A, " the brutish 
1542 nots, Be . pa poe Dr ‘© note 


“+ Dum , 6, Obs. [f. DumP v1 (sense 1) + 
-ING, or (in form dompyng) a nasalized form of 


doppyng,{. Dorp v. Cf. the synonym dompus, app. 
a nasalized form of doppfes, Doprg sb.] A 
chick or didapper. 
1393 Lanct. P. Pi. C. xiv. 169 In mareis and in mores in 
myres and in wateres Dompynges [v.77. dumpynges, dop- 
nges, dompus] dyueden, 
"Dum (dymp:f), a. [f. Dump s4.1+-1sH.] 
+1. Dull, stupid, slow-witted ; inactive, inert, 
spiritless ; destitute of sensation; abstracted, in- 
sensible to outward things ; dull, uninteresting. Oés. 
1545 Ascuam 7o-xofh. (Arb.)28 Base and dompysshe wittes 
can neuer be hurte with continuall studie. 1558 PHarR 
Ai neid vi. Q jb, Comb Age of dompishe yeeres. 1562 
Butteyn Dial. Soarnes & Chir. 41b, A dumpische = 
uation of sense. 1 Fiorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 
258 She was but in a deepe study, and dumpish retractin; 
into herselfe. c 1682 Hickerincie Wks, (1716) 11. 3 Let yest J 
busie Censurers use their own Lumpish Dumpish grave way. 
2. Sad, melancholy; dejected, ‘in the dumps’. 
1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. & Efigr. (1867) 182 I am dump- 
yshe to see thee play the drabbe. 1595 Sournwett Me- 
onie 23 Dolefull tunes for dumpish cares. 1627 Br. Hatt 
Heaven upon Earth io It is a false raised on 
christianitie that it eth men dumpish and melan- 
cholicke. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr, u. 17 She will..be dumpish 
or unneighbourly. av. D'Arsiay Diary Jan., 
Monday .. 1 was wofully dumpish 7 E a 
TV raits xix. (1856) 310 In prosperity they were moody and 
dumpish, but in adversity they were grand, 
b. Such as to put one ‘in the dumps’. 
c1717 Lett. fr. Miot’s Frnl. 1 The Day and 
Weather bein; Ae sad Cie Ay re cfd Sacre himself. 
Dum , adv. [t. prec. +-LY2.] Ina 
dumpish manner; dejectedly, gloomily. 
c16ax S. Warp Life of Faith (1627) If thou liuest 
pat 3 and yet say thou liuest by Faith. 1648 Br. 
Haut Select Th. § 6x (R.) One so dumpishly sad, as if he 
would freez to death in melancholy. 
Du‘mpishness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
1: Slaggrhorss, inertness, insensibility. Ods. 
Bg AretT Aly, D 1356 A Dumpe, or dumpis! 
t . @1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867 
444 That which is born of the flesh hath all the properties 
of the a os d _ Bf dain Gt. 
ww Consid, Vv. (1704 t means t «+ Strange 
dumpishness, when God Somte met beseeches my soul ? 
2. Dejection ; tendency to be in the dumps. 
1548 Hatt Chron., Edw, 1V (an. 15) 237 b, What should 
ignifie, that dumpi of wendacand anal sighyng. 
sag Bocas Mirth Chr. ian 00 Making pictures in 
fancy..out of i dumpish 1864 H. 
Brapsuaw in Life (1888) 116 Never allow yourself more 
than five minutes. .for the of di ness. 
(domp'l), v. rare. ta. [nonce- 
formation from dumpling.) trans. To make or 
cook, asa dumpling. Ods.  b. [?f. Dumpy*.] To 
bend or compress into a dumpy shape. 
Massincer New Way ui. ii, G . Without order 
for the dumpling? Over, it be dumpled Which way 
thou wilt. 1827 Scorr Diary 17 Jan. in Lockhart, He wasa 
little man, dumpled wu: a. and so ill made as to seem 
almost deformed. ROWNING rig, Cee vut. 65 Let 
law come dimple Cinoncino’s cheek, Latin dumple 
Cinarello’s chin, . 
Dum (dv'mplin). Also 7-9 dumplin. 
> . same source as Dume a, : see -LING.) 

. A kind of pudding consisting of a mass of 
paste or dough, more or less globular in form, 
either plain and boiled, or inclosing fruit and boiled 
or baked. (Originally attributed to Norfolk.) 

¢ 1600 Day Begg. Bednall Gr, u. ii. (1881) 35 When mine 
Hostis came up to call me, I was as naked as your Norfolk- 
Dumplin, 1608 Armin Nest Ninn. (1842) 17 He lookt like 
a Norfolke an, and short. 1688 R. Hote 
Armoury i. 293/2 A pling, or Pot-Ball is made either 
or round, as the er pleaseth, 1709 STEELE Tatler 
rp 2 An uire of Norfolk eats ‘Two Pounds of 
Dumplin oar 5 5 Feito) in Boswell Fohnson 
an. 1 1831) I. 307 lergyman 
pete. up a family very reputably, which he xg © 3 


with apple dumplings. 183 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. 
to ona a Royal Society the Creation of a World is little 
more mysterious than cooking of a Dumpling; con- 


Ibid. 240 
Oyster-shell-p bble-st' 


French Brandy, and two Ounces of powder'd Ginger 
Knead all together into four or five Dumplins. 
2. A dumpy animal or person, short and of 


rounded outlines, 


DUMPTY. 
‘ 607 Mivseu Ductor s.v. Dwarfe, A dwarfe, dumplin, 
aNobodie. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 5 Short runtish 
..of the shepheard llede dumplinges, or grasse 
belly’de lambes. 1828 Craven Dial., Dumping, a little fat 
or person, as broad as long. 1848 Dickens Domdey 
ix, You ought to have a nice little dumpling of a wife. 

3. attrib, and Comb. 

1726 Arsutunot Diss. Dumpling 21 Why should Dump- 
ling-Eating be ridicul’d, or Dumpling-Eaters derided? 
1852 R. S. Surtees Sfonge’s Sp. Tour (1893) 180 A young 
dumpling-shaped doctor. 1865 Miss Brappon Sir Fasper 
iv. 36 She had no idea that there could be any prettiness in 
a dumpling figure. 

Dumps, dial. var. of Dives. 

Dumpty (dempti), 2. (sb.) By-form of Dury 
a.4 (See also Humpry-pumery.) 

1847-78 HaLLiweELt, Dumpty, a very short person. West. 
1857 Kincstey 7wo ¥. Ago xxv, Mary comes in; a little 
~ gig body with a yellow face and a red nose. 1879 
F. W. Rosinson Coward Consc. 1. iii, The dumpty wooden 
lighthouse, 1891 Dazux of Day 158 The ‘dumpty dolly’.. 
is a piece of muslin twisted up with a lump of sugar 
inside it, which some mothers give their children to suck. 

Dumpy (dvmpi), at [f. Dump sd.! + -¥.] 
Melancholy, dejected, ‘in the dumps’. 

a1618 SytvesterR Tobacco Battered 643 For Dumpier 
none then the Tobacconer ; None sadder then the gladdest 
of their Host. 1825 Brocketr NW. C. Gloss., Dumpy, 
sullen. a1845 Hoop Yokn Trot vi, And left her to her 
widowhood, Of course more dumpy still. 

Dumpy (d2'mpi), 2.2 (sd.) [Appears in middle 
of 18th c.: not in Johnson 1755-87, nor in Ash 
1775; in Todd 1818, Its form is that of a deriva- 
tive from a sb. dump (cf. lump-y, stump-y); but 
the sb. Dump, with which it goes, is known only 
later, and appears to be a back-formation from this 
adj. It is not obvious how these words can be 
connected with the other sbs.and vbs. of same form. ] 

Short and stout ; deficient in length or stature. 

1750 Student 11. 225 Short, dumpy, gouty, crooked fingers. 
1808 Scott Let. to G. Ellis 23 Feb. in Lockhart, The sth 
canto of a certain dumpy quarto, entitled Marmion. 1819 
Byron ¥van t. lxi, Her stature tall—I hate a dumpy woman. 
1856 Mayuew RAine 44 Everlasting rows of dumpy willows. 

b. Dumpy level: a spirit-level used in surveying, 
having a short telescope with a large aperture. 

1838 P. Brurr Engineer. Field-work 137 Gravatt's Im- 

roved Level, commonly called (from its appearance) the 

umpy Level. 1885 A/henzum 23 May 664 On levelling 
and the use of the dumpy level. 

B. sb. a, A dumpy person or animal; sfec. one 

of a breed of very short-legged fowls; in f/. a nick- 
name for the Nineteenth Hussars. b. Short for 


dumpy level; see above. 

1808-18 Jamizson, Dusmpy, adj. Short and thick ; also used 
asasb. 1868 Who breaks, — (Tauchn.) 39 (Hoppe) ‘The 
daughter isadumpy. 1878 Trimen Regiments Brit. Army 
38 [The Nineteenth Hussars] nicknamed ‘the Dumpies’ 
when raised, from the diminutive size of the men. 1885 
ee 30 Mar. 1267/2 Dumpies’ eggs, genuine Scotch 

reed. 

Dun (dvn), az. Also 4-6 dune, donne, 5 don, 
5-7 dunne,6 doon, 8. Sc. 6 dyn,gdin. [OE. 
dun(n, perh. from Celtic: cf. Irish and Gael. donn 
brown, Welsh dzz ‘subfuscus’ (Davies).] 

1. Of a dull or dingy brown colour; now es. 
dull greyish brown, like the hair of the ass and" 


mouse. 

983 Charter of Eadred in Cod. Dipl. V. 325 Danne to 
San redan hole; and danne to dan dunnan hole. c¢ 1000 
Ztrric Voc. in Wright 46 Nomina colorum._ Dosinus uel 
cinereus, asse dun. Natius, dun. ? 1366 CHaucer Rome. 
Rose 1213 She was not broune ne dunne of hewe [gui 
nestoit ne brune ne bise]. 1388 Wycur Gen. xxx. 32 What 
euer 4 schal be dun and spottid. | 1434 2. £. Wills 
(1882) y Don Bullok. 1548 Hatt Chron., Henry VIII, 
an. 5 (1550) 28 On the toppe of the pauilions stode the 
kynges bestes holdynge fanes, as the Lion, the Dragon, 
the Greyhounde, the Antelope, the Donne kowe. 1562 
J. Heywoop Prov. & Epigr. (1867 139 The dun Asse hath 
trode on both thy feete. 1567 7ria/ Treas. in Hazl. Dodsicy 
III. 279 May the devil go with you and his dun dame! 


1698 Fryer Acc. E. [India § P, 118 A Buffola is of a Dun 
Colour. 


1709 Appison Jatler No. 148 P 1 Guy Earl of 
Warwick, who is well known to have eaten up a us Cow. 
1820 Scott /vanhoe xvi, Among the herds of dun deer 
that feed in the glades. 1830 — Demonol. iv. 132 Hercolour 
..is now ofa dun leaden hue. 1852 Miss YoncE Camwos 
(1877) IV. iii. 38 The dun cow was a cognizance of the 
Earldom of Richmond. 1863 Huxtey Man's Place Nat. 


1. 22 Its dun or iron-grey colour. A 
B. The Sc. form dyn, din, has now esp. the 
sense of dingy-coloured as opposed to white or fair. 
1553 Douglas’ Aineis vi, ix. 26 Ane dyn [4/S. dyn] 
lyoun skyn with nalis of gold, 1814 Saxon §& Gaed 1, 107 
(Jam.) As din as a docken, an’ as dry as a Fintrum speldin. 
@ 1876 Binérie O an Binérie x. in Child Ballads 1.x. (1882) 
se But ye was fair and I was din. 
. More vaguely: Dark, dusky (from absence of 
light); murky, gloomy. Cf, Brown. (Chiefly poetic.) 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 22510 Pe sun pat es sa bright..It sal 
becum .. dune [Gé¢#, dim] and blak sum ani hair. ¢1374 
Cuaucer 77oylus m1. 859 (908! Whit thingis gan to wexe 
donne For lak of light. axa Lyne. Zemple of Glas 30 
Certein np donne. _ 16 1LToN Comus 127 Tis only 
day-light that makes sin, Which these dun shades will ne’er 
report, ¢1748 Cotiins On Death Thomson ix, Dun Night 
has veil’d the solemn view. 1801 CAMPBELL Hohenlinden 
22 Scarce yon level sun Can pierce the war-clouds, rolling 
dun, 1827 Keste Chr. Y. 23rd Sund. Trinity, Chill and dun 
Falls on the moor the brief November day. 1851 Loner. 
Gold. Leg.v. At Sea 3x Athwart the vapours, dense and dun. 


715 


Jig. 1797 Anna Sewarp Lett, (1811) V. 11 Frowning like 
herself, in dun cogeeion. . 

3. Comb. a. With adjs. of colour, as dun-brown, 
-olive, -red, -white, -yellow. b. Parasynthetic, as 
dun-belted, -coloured adjs. 

31783 Licutroor in Phil. Trans. LXXV. 11 All of one 
uniform *dun-brown colour. 1882 E, O'Donovan Merv 
Oasis 1. 336 The air is thick with dun-brown dust. 1674 
N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 41 Of the Dun-Hound.. 
there are few *dun-coloured to be found bad. 1868 Darwin 
Anim. & Pl. 1. ii. 55 The English race-horse..is said never 
to be dun-coloured. 1798 CoLeripcEe Picture, With *dun- 
red bark The fir-trees.. Soar up. 1822-34 Goop Study 
Med. (ed. 4) 1. 516 The *dun yellow colour of the middle 
coat. 18sx Mayne Reip Scalp Hunt. xxiii, [The mare] 
of that *dun-yellowish colour known as ‘clay-bank’. 

e. Special Combs.: dun-bar, collector’s name 
for adun-coloured moth (Cosméa trapezina), having 
two bars or transverse lines on the fore-wings ; 
dun courses (see quot.) ; dun cow, local name 
for a fish, the shagreen ray, Xaza fullonica (Yarrell 
Brit. Fishes V1. 578); dun eur [see Cur 3], local 


_name of the pochard=Dun-BiRD; dun cut, dun 


drake, dun hackle, names of artificial flies used 
in angling; +dun-kite, tdun pickle, obsolete 
names for the moor-buzzard (C2zrces wruginosus); 
dun land (see quot.) ; +dun-row, name given toa 
dun-coloured stratum. 

1819 G. SamoveLte Lxtomol. Compend. 433 Noctua 
trapezina. The *Dunbar. 1869 Newman Brit. Moths 381 
The Dun-bar. 188r E. A. OrmErop /njurious Insects 
(1890) 241 ‘The carnivorous caterpillars of the Dunbar 
Moth. .doing great good in clearing away this attack. 1877 
A. H. Green Pays. Geol. vii. § 2. 276 Ribs of Magnesian 
Limestone are met with in the Carboniferous L. of York- 
shire where they are known as *Dun Courses. 1802 G. 
MontaGu Ornith. Dict. (1833) 142 Dunbird and *Duncur. 
Names for the Pochard. axz4so Fysshynge w. Angle 
(1883) 34 The *donne cutte: the body of blacke wull 
and a yelow lyste after eyther syde. 1799 G. Smitn 
Laboratory 11. 291 The Duncut. Dub with bear’s-cub fur, 
and a little yellow and green crewel. 1799 G. SmitH 
Laboratory Ii. 302 The brown-fly or *dun-drake. /é7d. 
301 *Dunhackle: Body, dun coloured silk, with a dun 
cock’s hackle. 1577 Harrison “£ngland ul. v. (1878) 
1. 3r_ The Busser: the kite, the ringtaile, *dun-kite. 
1810 J. T. in Risdon’s Surv. Devon p. iv, *Dun land .. 
is furnished .. by the decomposition of the Schistus rock 
on which it lies. 1802 G. Montacu Ornith. Dict. (1833) 
146 *Dunpick/e, a name for the Moor Buzzard. 1825 Hone 
Every-day Bk. 1. 535 The dun-pickles or moor buzzards 
alight. 1712 F. Becrers in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 542 A 
black Substance, called the *Dun-Row-Bat. /éid., A hard 
grey Iron Oar, called the Dun-Row Iron-Stone. 

Dun (dyn), 52.1 [subst. use of Dun a.] 

1. Dun colour: see DuN a. 1. 

1568 Satir, Poems Reform. xviii. 11 Dun dippit in 3ello 
ffor mony gud fallo. 1686 Prot Staffordsh. 111 They will 
certainly change the colour of their coat to a whitish-dun. 
1819 Byron Juan 1. xcii, Baptized in molten gold, and 
swathed in dun. 1894 Superfluous Woman (ed. 4) 1. 17 
Silvery grays and duns. 

2. A dun horse. Formerly a quasi-proper name 
for any horse (see also 5). 

€1386 [see 5]. c1460 Yowneley Myst. (Surtees) 18 Gif 
Don, thyne hors, a wisp of hay. 1840 E. E, Narier Scenes 
& Sports Foreign Lands I. ii, 27 In India ., four-legged 
duns are as much disliked as those of the biped species. 
1892 R. Kirtinc Barrack-r. Ballads, East & West 21 ‘The 
Colonel’s son has taken a horse, and a raw rough dun was he, 

8. A name for various dusky-coloured flies used 
in angling, and for artificial flies imitating these. 

1681 Cuetuam Angler's Vade-m. xxxiv. § 26 (1689) 200 
Angle with the smallest gnats, Browns and Duns you can 
find. 1760 Hawkixs in Walton's Angler 1. xvii. note, Ash- 
coloured duns of several shapes and dimentions. 1799 G. 
Situ Laboratory I. 290 The little-dun. The dubbing of 
a bear's dun-hair, whirled upon yellow silk. 1833 J. RENNIE 
Alph, Angling 36 Various species of day flies known to 
anglers by the various names of duns, drakes, and may flies. 

4. (See quot.) = Dun-now in Dun a. 3 ¢. 

a 1843 SournEY Comm-fl. Bk. (1849) IV. 407 A thinstratum 
near the coal called duns. : 

5. Proverbial Phrases. Dum [the horse] zs ix the 
mire (see 2): (a) a phrase denoting that things are 
at a stand-still or dead-lock ; (4) an old Christmas 
game (called also drawing Dun out of the mire), 
in which a heavy log was lifted and carried off by 
the players. Dzmn’s the mouse: a phrase ‘alluding 
to the colour of the mouse, but frequently em- 
ployed with no other intent than that of quib- 
bling on the word done’ (Nares). Zhe Devil 
upon Dun, i.e. (app.) on horseback; see DEVIL 
sb, 22n, quots. 1708. Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Mancifle's Prol. 5 Ther gan our hoost for 
to Tape and pleye, And seyde, sires, what Dun is in the 
Myre. 1440 Carcrave Life St. Kath. u. 1046 For as 
wyth me, dun is in the myre, She hath me stoyned and 
brought me toa bay. She wil not wedde, she wil be stylle 
amay! cx5s0 Schole-ho, Women 461 in Hazl. Z. P. P. Tv. 
122 One and other little ye care.. Though dun and the pack 
lye in the mire. 192 SHaxs. Rom. § Fud. 1. iv. 40, 44 The 

ame was nere so faire, and I am done. Tut, duns the 
Troe, the Constables owne word, If thou art dun, weele 
draw thee from the mire. 1 Merry Milkmaids 
(N.), Why then ‘tis done, and dun’s the mouse, and undone 
all the courtiers. 1640 Suirtey St. Patrick for [rel. (N.), 
Then draw Dun out of the mire, And throw the clog into 
the fire. x80r Srrutr Sorts § Past. 1v. iv. 355. 1887 E. 
Gutuiat Forest Outlaws 252 Merry games at barley-break 
and dun-in-the-mire. 


DUN. 
Dun, 53.2 Also 7 dunne. [Goes with Dun v.3 


The evidence does not decide whether the sb. or the vb. is 
the starting-point. If sense 1 below is (as appears in the 
quotation) earlier than sense 2, we should naturally expect 
it to be the source of the vb. as in Burke, to burke, and the 
like; sense 2, on the other hand, would as naturally be a 
noun of action from the vb. as in ¢o kick, a kick. See the 
vb. ; also the following 4 

1708 Brit. Apollo No. 60. 2/1 The word Dun .. owes its 
birth to one Yoe Dun, a famous Bailif of the Town of 
Lincoln. .It became a Proverb..when a man refused to pa 
his Debts, Why don't you Duz him? ‘That is why don't 
you send Dun to arrest him?..It is now as old as since the 
days of King Henry the Seventh.] 

1. One who duns; an importunate creditor, or an 


agent employed to collect debts. 

1628 Earte Microcosm. xiv. (Arb.) 74 An Vniversitie 
Dunne .. Hee is an inferiour Creditor of some ten shillings 
or downwards. Hee is a sore beleaguerer of Chambers. 
x71z ArpuTtHnot Yokn Bull u. iv, ‘Vo be pulled by the 
sleeve by some rascally dun. 1812 Compe Picturesque XX. 
I've just enough the duns to pay. 1881 Besant & Rice 
Chapl. of Fleet 1, x, Here 1 live free of duns and debt. 

2. An act of dunning or importuning, esp. fer 
debt ; a demand for payment. 

1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Cit. 210 [To] endure the fre- 
quent Duns of his Creditors. 1691 /slington Wells, or 
Threepenny-Acad. 7 Who..Kickt their Taylors, For giving 
Dun at Chamber Door. 1751 SmMottetr Per. Pic. (1779) 
III, Ixxxiv. 312 The debtor .. Finding himself waked with 
such a disagreeable dunn. 1847 A. M. Gittiam 77av. 
Mexico 149 The..crowd let us pass to our rooms, without 
our receiving a single dun for alms. 

3. Comb., as dun-driven, -haunted, -racked adjs. 

1839 J. R. Darvey [ntrod. Beaum. § Fl.s Wks. 1.13 As 
fast as a dun-driven poet. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xv, 
Dun-haunted students. 

|| Dun (dyn), 52.3. Also doon. [Irish and Gaelic 
dun (dun), hill, hill-fort, fortress, W. azz hill-fort. 

A frequent element in Celtic proper names in Scotland and 
Ireland, as in Dunkeld, Gael. Duvchaillein hill fort of 
the woods, Dzanbarton, the dun of the Britons. ] 

An ancient hill-fortress or fortified eminence (in 
the Highlands of Scotland, or in Ireland). Some- 
times also applied to a dvough or BRocH. 

1605-74 CAMDEN Jem. (ed. 7) 196 (Jam.) The Dune or 
Tower of Dornadilla in the parish of Diurnes. 1774 
Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 293 These fortresses are 
called universally in the Erse, Duns. 1794 Statist. Acc. 
Scotd. XIII. 334 There are several duns in this parish, 
most of which were built by the Danes. 1851 D. WiLson 
Preh, Ann. (1863) II. 11. iti, 87 This class of strongholds 
or Duns, as they are locally termed, pertain to a people 
whose arts were still in their infancy. 1873 O’'Curry Mann. 
Anc. Irish V1. 3 The Dun was of the same form as the 
Rath, but consisting of at least two concentric circular 
mounds or walls, with a deep trench full of water between 
them, 1875 W. McliwrartH Guide Wigtownshire 138 
Here are the remains of a doon, or of a circular tower of 
some sort. 1888 4rchvxol, Rev. Mar. 70. 

Dun (dyn), v.! [OE. dunnian,f.dun(t, Dun a.] 

l. trans. To make dun, dusky or dingy; to 
darken or dull the colour of. 

¢888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. iv, Se mona mid his blacan leohte 
pet pa beorhtan steorran dunniab on pam heofone. a@ 1415 
Lypc. Temple of Glas 252 Rizt as pe sonne Passeb pe 
sterres and dop hir stremes donne. 1765 Projects in 
Ann, Reg. 135/2 Smoke. .disfigures the furniture. .and duns 
the complexion. 1832-53 W/histle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 
i. 103 Afore the Lammas’ tide Had dun'd the birken-tree. 

b. In New England, To cure (codfish) in a 
particular way, by which they become of a dun 


colour, and are termed dznfish. 

‘They are first slack-salted and cured, then taken down 
cellar and allowed to “give up”, and then dried again.’ 
(Century Dict.) 

1828 in WessteR s.v. Dunning. 1873 Celta THAXTER 
Isles of Shoals 83 The process of dunning, which made the 
Shoals fish so famous a century ago, is almost a lost art, 
though the chief fisherman at Star still ‘duns ” a few yearly. 

+2. intr. To become dun or dull-coloured. 

¢ 1300 Cursor M. 23695 (Edin.) Flures . . pat neuir mar sal 
dunne ne dwine. a@r1go0 in Pol, Rel. & L. Poems 221 
Wonne.. pin hew dunnet ; and pi sennewess starket. 


+ Dun, v.2 Ols. In 4-5 don(n-, 5 dunn-en. 
[app. a. ON. duna to thunder, give a hollow sound, 
f. Germanic root du#-, whence also Din sé. and v.] 
intr.Tosound, ring with sound, resound; = DIN w.1. 


Hence Dunning v#/. sd. , 

13.. Coer de L. 4975 The erthe donyd hem undyr. ¢ 1345 
Orpheo 275 The kyng ..Com to hunte all aboute, With 
dunnyng and with blowyng. au Sir Beues (E. E.T. S.) 
p. 163 (MS. E.) Alpe castel donyd and rong Off here merbe 
and off here song. 14.. Sir Raynborwn (MS. Cantab. Ff. 
2. 38, If. 224), Soche strokys gaf the knyghtys stowte, That 
the hylle donyed all abowte. 1440 LOY: Parv. 35/ I 
Dunnyn in sownde, dundo, 1483 Festivali (1515) 78b, A 
man sholde unneth here his folowe speke for donnynges of 
strokes. 

Bun (dzn), v.58 [First found after 1600, when 
quoted by Bacon, from the old besom-maker at 
Buxton; to Blount 1636-56 it was a ‘ fancy word 
recently taken up. Origin uncertain. 

It is generally assumed to be identical with Dun 2.?, or to 
be a variant of Din v., of which it may possibly have been 
adialect form. But cf. the cognate Dun sd.7] | 

1. trans. To make repeated and persistent de- 
mands upon, to importune ; esp. for money due. 

a 1626 Bacon Apophth. in Baconiana (1679), The advice 
of the plain old man at Buxton that sold besoms .. 
‘Friend, hast thou no money? borrow of thy back, and 
borrow of thy belly, they will never ask ——- I 

—-2 


DUN-BIRD. 


shall be dunning thee every day’. 1656 Bouxt Glossogr., 
To Dun, is a word lately taken up by fancy, and signifies 
to demand earnestly, or press a man to pa’ for com- 
modities taken up on trust, or other debt. 16st Trial S. 
Colledge 73, 1 dunn'd him for money and could not get it. 
r 5 Sanemsen Beaux’ Strat. wi. iii, I remember the 
good Days, when wecou’d dun our Masters for our W: 

1831 Lincoln Herald 16 Dec. 4/6 Ministers are again dun- 
ning the king for more Peers, 1862 Mrs. H. Woop Chan- 
nings Viii, There's a certain tradesman's house down there 
that I'd rather not pass; he has a habit of coming out and 
dunning me. 

2. transf. To pester, plague, assail constantly. 

1659 Shuffling, Cutting & Deal. 5, 1 am so dun’d with the 
Spleen, I should think on something else all the while I 
were a playing. 1711 C. M. Let. to Curat 72 I'm so 
dunn'd with your Author’s demonstrations, that they can 
take no effect upon me. 1720 Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 486, 
I am dunned with letters upon all hands from London and 
Edinburgh, urging us to meet, do somewhat. 

3. Associated with DIN z. 

1753 School of Man 24 Ismena .. concealed her desire, 
whilst Philemon was dunning everybody's ears with his. 
1818 Sporting Mag. Il. 189 His teeth chattered and his 
head was dunned. 18a Yoseph the Book-Man 116 You 
brute my ears thus will you dun! 


Dun, obs. f. Down sd.1 


Dun-bird. [f. Dun a.+Brrp.] The pochard 
or red-headed duck, Fudigula ferina. Also, locally 
(Essex), the Scaup Duck, Fudigula marila. 

1765 Pennant Zool. (1776) 11. 600, These birds ..are much 
sought for in the London markets where they are known 
by the name of dun birds. 180aG. Montacu Ornith. Dict. 
(1833) 142 Dunbird and Duncur. Names for the Pochard. 
1813 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 86 The geese, dunbirds 
and wigeons were in myriads. 183r T. Wricut Hist. Essex 
I. 25 In a decoy at Golihaager the fowls called dun birds 
are exceedingly numerous. 1896 Blackw. Mag. May 769. 

ce (dvns), sb. Also 6-7 duns(e, [An 
application of the name of John Duns Scotus, the 
celebrated scholastic theologian, called ‘ Doctor 
Subtilis’ the Subtle Doctor, who died in 1308, 

His works on theology, philosophy, and logic, were text- 
books in the Universities, in which (as at Oxford) his fol- 
lowers, called Scofists, were a predominating Scholastic 
sect, until the 16th c., when the system was attacked with 
ridicule, first by the humanists, and then by the reformers, 
as a farrago of needless entities, and useless distinctions. 
The Dunsmen or Dunses, on their side, railed against the 
‘new learning’, and the name Duns or Dunce, already 
synonymous with ‘cavilling sophist’ or ‘ hair-splitter’, soon 
passed into the sense of ‘dull obstinate person impervious 
to the new learning ’, and of ‘ blockhead incapable of learn- 
ing or scholarship *. 

1530 Tinpa.e Answ. to More Wks. (1573) 278/11 Remember 
ye not how. .the old barkyng curres, Dunces disciples & lyke 
draffe called Scotistes, the children of darkenesse, raged in 
euery pulpit agaynst Greke Latin and Hebrue. 1853 T. 
Witson Xhet, (1567) 101a, Vse the quiddities of Dunce, to 
set forth Gods misteries : & you shal se thignorant either 
fall a slepe, or els bid you farewell. 1679 Hosses Behemoth 
1. Wks. 1840 VI. 214 Peter Lombard, who first brought in 
.. the learning called School-divinity .. was seconded by 
John Scot of Duns..whom any ingenious reader, not know- 
ing what was the design, would judge to have been two of 
the most egregious blockheads in the world, so obscure and 
senseless are their writings. 1691 Woop A¢h. Oxon. 1. 673 
‘That the said Winter should study the Dunces Logick 
Questions, meaning I suppose the Logick Questions of 
John Dunse.) 

+1. The personal name Duns used attrib. Duns 
man, a disciple or follower of Duns Scotus, a 
Scotist, a schoolman ; hence, a subtle, sophistical 
reasoner. So Duns learning, Duns prelate. Obs. 

1527 Tinpace Par. Wicked Mammon Wks. (1573) 88 A 
Duns man would make xx. distinctions. ax Rinuen 
Free Will Wks. (1573) 267 Now where will our Duns men 
bring in their Bonum conatum? 1946 Confut. Shaxton 
F iij (T.), The pure worde of God, voied of all the dregges of 
Dunsse learning and man’s traditions. 1581 Marseck BA, 
of Notes 479 The Dunce-men and Sophisters. .the i $ 
and finders, yea, and the verie makers of Purgatorie. 1626 
W. Sctater Exp, 2 Thess. (1629) 184 That selfe-conceited 
dunce criticke. 164 Mitton CA, Govt. v. (1851) 115 It were 
a great folly to seeke for counsell .. from a Dunce Prelat. 

+ 2. A copy of the works of Duns Scotus; a text- 
book of scholastic theology or logic embodying his 
teaching; a comment or gloss by or after the 
manner of Scotus. Ods. 

1530 Tinpate Pentat. To Rdr. 3 They which in tymes 
nner were wont to loke on no more Scripture then they 
founde in their duns or soch like develysh doctryne. 1536 
Leyton to Cromwell in Suppr. Monast. (Camden) 71 We 
have sett Dunce in Bocardo, and have utterly banisshede 
_ Oxforde for ever, with all his blinde glosses. /did., 
‘The second time we came to New College .. we found all 
the great quadrant court full of the leaves of Dunce, the 
peal sone them into every corner. Marston 
What You Will u. i, My spaniel slept, whilst I bausd 
leaves, Tossd ore the dunces, por'd on the old print Of 
titled wordes. 1607 ‘Tourneur Rev. Trag. ut, iv, Wks, 1878 
11. 78 A villanous Duns upon the letter, knauish exposition. 
1620 MippLeton Chaste Maid ut. ii, Brought him in league 
with logicke, And red the Dunces to him. T. Star- 
rorD Pac. Hib, 11. ix. (1810) 333 1 will write as ve read 
in my dunses of Logicke. 

3. A disciple or adherent of Duns Scotus, a Duns 
man, a Scotist ; a hair-splitting reasoner; a cavil- 
ling sophist. Ods. exc. Hist. 

1577 Stanvunurst Descr. Jred. i. in Holinshed (1587) 9/2 
Duns, which tearme is so triuiall and common in all pac ba 
that whoso surpasseth others either in cauilling sophistrie, 
or subtill philosophie, is forthwith nickenamed a Duns. 1611 
Frorio, Scotista, a follower of Scotus, as we say a Dunce. 


716 


+4. One whose study of books has left him dull 
and stupid, or imparted no liberal education; a dull 
pedant. Obs. 

1579 Ly_y Euphues (Arb.) 47 If one be hard in conceiuing, 
they pronounce him a dowlt: if gi i 


You that with candles 
to purchase rears full names of Dunses and Dodipoles 


may closely sitt or ly ly at your bookes. 1614 T. 
Apvams Devil's Bi {52a When’ man courts to be a 
Doctor in all htly proues a dunce in many. 


comb! were the best epithets he gave John. _ 
Bracke Stud. Lang. 21 Let the hopeless dunce of t 
Grammar School be tried with Natural History. 1866 
R. W. Dave Dise. Spec. Oce. ii. 39 As some boys remain 
dunces though they are sent to the best schools. 

6. attrib. and Comb., as dunce-corps; t~ dunce- 
table,a table | chepay for duller or poorer students 
in some inns of court ; dunce’s cap, a cap of conical 
shape, sometimes marked with a capital D, and 
placed on the head of a dunce at school. 

1624 Forp Sun's Darling v. i, His father, me thinks, 
should be one of the Dunce-table, and one that never 
drunk strong beer in’s life, but at festival-times. 1840 
Dicxens Old C. Shop xxiv, And on a small shelf, the 
dunce’s cap. 1847 Mary Howrtt Ballads, etc. 383 Or, 
learning’s serf, puts day by day, Dunce-corps through 
classic exercises, 


+ Dunce, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To 
puzzle, pose, prove to be a dunce; to make a dunce 
of. 


1611 Cotcr., Metagraboulizé, puzzled in, dunced vpon. 
Metagraboulizer, to dunce upon, to puzzle, or (too much) 
beat the braines about. 1 R. Honces Plain, Direct. 
66 Boys may be easily taught the Latine. Why should 
children therefore be wearied and dunced out many yeares, 
and yet in the end fail? 1658 GurnaLt Chr. in Arm. verse 
14. Vl. 71 "Tis time for the Scholar to throw off his gown.. 
when every Schoolboy is able to dunce and pose him. 
1662 /bid. verse 17. xxiv. 202 Thy own reason..which is 
dunced and pozed with so many secrets in Nature. 

+ Duncecomb. [f. Dunce, after coxcomd.] 

1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) To 7. Coriat Wks. m1. 15/2 
I am no Duncecomb, Coxecombe, Odcomb Tom. 


Duncedom (dznsdam). [see -pom.] The 
domain of dunces; dunces collectively ; a dunce’s 
condition or character. 

1829 Cartyie Voltaire Misc. Ess, 1872 II. 151 In the midst 
of that warfare with united Duncedom. 18a9 — Novalis 
ibid. 197 Their far-famed ign i Di dom, or 
that which called itself the ‘Old School’ of Literature. 
1865 Pall Mall G. 21 Apr. 110 One who displays the true 
characteristic of Duncedom. 

Duncehood (dznshud). [f. as prec. + -Hoop.] 
The quality, condition, or character of a dunce or 
dunces ; mental o a 

1829 Blackw Mag. XVI. §* The seal of supreme dunce- 
hood. 1837 7ait’s Mag. 1V. 728 The caution or dunce- 
hood of modern booksellers. 1868 M. Parrison Academ. 
Org. v. 231 A habit of dunce-hood which has been acquired 
by the passive resistance of the mind to the reiteration of 
the same matters. 

Duncely (dv nsli), 2. rare. [f. DUNCE + -LY | 
Like or of the nature of a dunce, 

1826 Examiner 407/1 Duncély scribes and clerks. 

Dwneely, a/v. rare. In 6 dunsly, [f. as 
prec. +-L¥*.] As a dunce; tin the way of the 
scholastic acy tf 

€ 1535 Latimer Wks, (Parker Soc.) II. 374 He is wilfully 
witted, Dunsly learned..zealous more than enough. 

Dunce-man, s-man: see DuNCE 5d. 1. 

+ Duncer, du'nser. Ods. [f. Duns, DuNcE + 
-ER.] An adherent of Duns Scotus, a Scotist; a 
follower or teacher of the scholastic divinity and 
logic; = DuncE 3. 

¢ 1550 Brecon Jewel of Fi 9 [Latimer's teaching] whyche 
thynge dyuers drowesy dunsers wyth certayne fals fliynge 
flaterynge Friers coulde not abyde. /ééd. 10 Drowned in 
the dirty dregges of the drowsy dunsers. | P 

cery, dunsery (dznsori, densi). [f. 
DuNcE: see -ERY.] 

+1. The practice, style, or character of a Scotist 
or Schoolman. Oés. 

1560-70 Sir T. Smitn Orat. iv. in Life( 1698) App. 81 Here 
you come with your fine and logical Distinction. .as tho’ we 
were in a School of Dunsery. 1641 Mitton CA, Govt. 1. 
(1851) 148 Prelaty, under whose inquisitorious and tyran- 
nical duncery no free and splendid wit can flourish. 1683 
Kennett Erasm. on Folly (1709) 75 The more of duncery 
they have, the more of pride, and t ter is their am- 
bition, 1687 Ref. Dryden's Hind & P. 25 The Author of 
Pax Vobis ..your Brother in Scholastick 3 

2. The state, character, or practice of a dunce or 
dullard ; intellectual dullness, stupidity. 

1615 Sir E. Hosy Curry-combe i. 17 He shewed more 
foolery then Philosophy, more Dunsery then Diuinity, 1715 


DUNCISH. 
Pripeaux Art. R. |. in Universities xxiv. in Li 
216 To the diacouragement of leaping and the entourage 
ment of d idleness. 188 in Fortn, 
Kev. Feb. 151 Lhe detestable duncery of sham Pindarics. 


MaAtzner suggests ion with Icel. dunka to resound, 
ive a hollow sound, Sw. dunka, Da. dunke to beat, 
thamp, a cae modern forms, having 


trans. Yo strike or push with a short rapid blow ; 

now esp. to jog with the elbow. on} 
‘ohunge in Cott, Hom. 28 i pe di 

sate Woe i Cote Hem stag ti be Senco ced 


a 


dried Frae twa-year 3 

Cumberld. Ball. 23 When Trummel cleek’d her on his 

knee, She dunch’d and punch’d, cried, ‘fuil, let be!’ 

oa a fe ake felt his skull had been dunched in. 
. Sim 


sb. Sc. and north. dial. [f. prec. vb.] 
A jog, a push with the elbow, a smart shock. 

P; . Parv. A Dw lonche. . sonitus, 
setlen. donb, sean tate (MS. K’) Dvnche (P. dunch* 
inge), tuncio, percussio. 181x Aiton Agric, Ayrsh. Gloss. 
691 Dunch, a smart 1886 Stevenson Kid; 
xuii. (1888) 118 She .. struck the reef with such a dunch 
as threw us all flat upon the deck. 

Bunch, a. 0és. exc. dial. [Derivation uncer- 
tain: cf, Dunny a.*] Dull or inert in the senses, 
or in composition. 

1. Deaf. Dunch down: see quot. 1578. 

1574 Hetrowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1577) 75, 1 haue 
spoken with Perianes.. and as he was deafe and moste 


236.. Clown's Fourney to London (Somerset dial.) MS. 
Ashmole 36 \f. 112 What with the zmoke and what with the 
criez, | waz amozt blind and dunch in my eyes. 1888 Berk- 
shire Gloss., Dunch passage, a cul de sac; the term ‘ blind 

e* is sometimes in this sense. 

3. fieavy or doughy, as bread. 

1842 AKERMAN Wiltsh. Gloss., Dunch-dumfpling, a hard 
dumpling, made of flour and water. 1879 Jerreries Wild 
Life in S. C. 129 Priding herself that [the batch of bread 
is never “dunch* or heavy. [Hence prob. in mi 
dialects, dunch sb., dumpling.] 

Dunciad (dmnsitd). [f. Dunce sd.: see 
-aD c.]_ The epic of dunces: name of a well- 
known poem by Pope. Also, the world or com- 
monwealth of dunces. Hence Dunciade’an, a. 
nonce-wi. 

1 Pore (title) The Dunciad. — Dunciad w. 604 
tyrant supreme ! shall three Sects conn, And make 
one Mighty Dunciad of the Land! 1799 Morn. Her. in 
Spirit Pub. Frnls, (1800) M1. 169 an critics. 

(donsikal), a. Now rare. Also 
dunsical. [f. Duncr sd. +-10+-AL.] 

+1. Of or pertaining to the Scotists or to the 
Scholastic system. Ods. 

1546 Coverpate tr. Calvin on Sacrament Pref. A ii 
Romisshe idolatrers and diligent studentes of dunci i 
dregges. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. i. 3b, Miserable 
Sorbonists and dunsicall Quidditaries. Gonsalvio's 
logue 140 All that Sophisticall and Du Il diuinitie. 


Of or toa dunce; dull-witted, stupid, 
iedbesbe Te : 


Be J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 65 Botched vp..after a rude, 
dunsicall sort. r16g5 Futter Ch, Hist. vi. ii, § 26 
This neck-question..the most dull and duncicall Commis- 
sioner was able toaske. 1708 Motreux Radelais wv. liii, 
Stud ish and duncical. 1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa 
Wks. 1883 VIII. 303, 1 have no patience with the foolish 
duncical dog. 184 Taits Mag. VIII. 7 Mathematics 
might be flogged into them .. as 
dunsical natures, ’ 

B. as adv. for duncically. 

— Ranp Epil. to Skelton's El. Rummyng, King Hi 
the Eight Hada good conceit Of my merry vaine, 
duncicall plaine. 

Hence + Duncica‘lity, 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. Ded. ® iij, If this be all the 
Dunsicalitie you talke of, you are farre more nyce then any 
Universitie man of mine acq 

, v rare. [f. DuNcE sd.: see -FY.] 
trans. To make a dunce of, Hence Duncified 


Ppl. a., constituted as a dunce. ; 
1597 1st Pt. Return /r. Parnass. w. i. 1222 Let this dun- 
i Spencer and Chaucer, I'le worshi 


cified worlde of Sp 
‘on Lett. to Hi 
uncified than 


y as into our own 


sweet Mr, Shaksp 1759 Wa 
(1809) 286 A fellow ten thousand times more d 
dunce Webster. : 

Duncish (dmnsif), 2. [f. Dunce sé. + -18H.] 
Of the nature of a dunce; dunce-like. Hence 
Dw-neishly adv.; Du'ncishness. ’ 

1825 Fonstanque in Westm. Rev. IV. 377 A a of 
: She dieses « P 
by. , and di h by educati "033 t. Hoox 
Widow AP wore x, ‘Ihe ‘ duncish curate’, ¥ = — 

i im. ONBLANQUE Eng, under 7 Administ. 
(857) IIL. 16x Fgh read the broad signs of the times 
so ly: 

: see dun cur s.y. DUN a. 3c. 


DUNDER. 


Dunder (duvndez). [Corrupted from Sp. 
redundar to overflow.] The lees or dregs of cane- 
juice, used in the West Indies in the fermentation 
of rum; =DANDER sé,” 

1793 Epwarps W. Judies v. ii. 11. 241 The use of dunder 
in the making of rum, answers the purpose of yeast in the 
fermentation of flower. /éid., Dunder .. is the lees or 
feculencies of former distillations. /éid. 240 To provide a 
dunder-cistern of at least 3coo gallons. 1795 Sir J. Dat- 
ryMPLE Let. to Admiralty 5 The miserable ferment called 
Dunder, which is the only one used in the West Indies. 

Dunder, var. of DuNNER v. Sc. 

Dunderbolt, dial. f. THunDERBOLT, a belem- 
nite ; a flint arrow-head. 

Dunderhead (dvndorhed). [The origin of 
dunder in this and the following words is obscure. 

It may possibly be connected with Dunner v. and sé, 
(which also occur as dunder): cf also Sc. donner to stun as 
with a blow or loud noise: see Donnerep. Some associa- 
tion between dunder and blunder appears to be indicated 

_by the change of Du. donderdbus to blunderbuss.) 

A ponderously stupid person; a blockhead, a 
numskull. . 

a 1625 Fietcuer Elder Bro, 11.iv, Oh, thou dunderhead ! 
Wouldst thou be ever in thy wife’s Syntaxis? 1629 Mas- 
SINGER Picture 1. i, Recover, dunder-head! a@1700 B, E. 
Dict. Cant. Crew, Dunder-head, a dull heavy Creature. 
1767 Sterne 77. Shandy 1X. xxv, Shall [ be called as 
many blockheads, numsculls, doddypoles, dunderheads .. 
and other unsavoury appellations. 1894 J. N. MaskELYNE 
Sharps & Flats i. 6 There are so many dunderheads of 
all nationalities who can never realise the truth of that 
simple maxim. 

Hence Du‘nderheadism, practical stupidity. 

1846 Por Wes. (1864) III. 115 Utter and inconceivable 
dunderheadism, 1881 Sava in ///ustr. Lond. News 21 May 
491 Bureaucratic and police dunderheadism. 

Du'nder-headed, a. [f. as prec. + -ED.] 
Ponderously stupid, thick-headed. 

1825 Cossett Rur. Rides (1885) 11. 37 The poor scolded 
broken-hearted boy .. becomes dunder-headed and dull for 
all his life-time. 1836 Waktey Sf. in Ho. Com. 15 Mar., 
Any illiterate and dunder-headed police officer. 1872 Gro. 
Euiot AM/iddlem. xlv, He regarded it as a mixture of jealousy 
and dunderheaded prejudice. 

Hence Du'nderhea:dedness, gross stupidity. 
1870 Sat. Rev. 15 Jan. 80/2 This dunderheadedness of 
= which is brought home to our senses by reports like 
these. 

Dunderpate (dz‘ndoipé't). 
(1809 W. Irvinc Anickerd. i. i. (1849) 140 A dunderpate, 
like the owl, the stupidest of birds. 1829 J. JEKYLL in 
Corr. 16 Mar. vii. (1894) 194 When the Republic, like Great 
Britain at this day, was overrun by dunderpates. 
+Dunderwhelp. 0ds. [see above.] A 
dunderheaded ‘ whelp’, a contemptible blockhead. 

62x Fretrcuer Wild-Goose Chase 11. i, What a purblind 
puppy was 1!..What a dunder-whelp, To let him domineer 
thus! a1625 — Women Pleased u. vi, You know whata 
dunder-whelp [Yo/zo 1, dundierwhelp)] my master is. 

-diver. [f. Dun a. + Diver 2.] a. The 
female and young male of the goosander (Mergus 
merganser). b. U.S. local. The ruddy duck. 

1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 333 The Dun-Diver or 
Sparlin-fowl, Averganser femina. 1766 Pennant Zool. 
(2776) IL. 556 The Dun Diver or female is less than the 
male. x Darwin in Life § Lett, (1887) I. 175 I shot 
whilst in Shrewsbury a Dundiver (female Goosander, as 
I suppose you know). , 

Dune (dizn). [a. mod.F. dune (13th c. in Hatz.- 
Darm.), a. ODu. dna, MDu. dine (Du. duin, 
mod.LG. dine) = OE. din: see Down sb.!] A 
mound, ridge, or hill of drifted sand on the sea- 
coast (or, rarely, on the border of a lake or river) ; 
applied esp. to the great sand-hills on the coast of 
France and the Netherlands, In earlier English use, 
down occurs: see Down sé,! 3. 

1790 Roy in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 184 Supposing the 
extremities of the base between Fort Revers and the Dunes 
to be accurately known. 1830-33 LyeLt Princ. Geol. xxi. 
(1847) 312 By the aid of embankments and the sand dunes 
of the coast. 1832 De La Becur Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 79 
Indurated dunes occur in various s of the world: they 
have been noticed by Peron in New Holland. 1855 
Loncr. Hiaw. xvi. 10 On the dunes of Nagow Wudjoo 

.. Stood the lodge of Pau-Puk-Keewis. 1878 K. Joun- 
STON —_— ii. 23 The Sahara presents now a stretch of 
sand, then hills and ravines, Marshes and dunes. = 
Symonps /talian Byways vii. 222 A handful of horn 
poppies from the dunes. 
b. Comb., as dune-like adj. 
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxi. (1856) 270 Rolling dune- 
like Bills Saco . 
e, obs. f. Din, Down, Dun 54.3 
‘nfish, dun-fish. U.S. /ocal. (New 
England). [f. Dun a.] Cod cured by dunning 
(see Dun v.1 1 b). 


= DUNDERHEAD. 


(Cf. Dumb-fish s.v. Dums a. 8.] 1828 WesstE! 
Dun-fish. 1873 Cevia Tuaxter Isles of Shoals 83 A rea 
cunfish is handsome, cut in t strips, the color of 


brown sherry wine. ‘The process is a tedious one. 2 

Dun-fly. [f Dun a.] a. A kind of artificial 
fly used in angling. b. A kind of gadfly. 

az4so Fysshynge w. Angle (1883) 33 The donne flye: 
the body of the donne woll. 1653 Watton Ager iv. 97, 
I will name. .the dun flie, the stone flie, the red flie [etc.]. 
1829 Giover Hist. Derby 1. 177 O0estrus Curvicauda, 
Gadbee or Dun Fly. 

Dung (dvp), sd. Forms: 1- dung, (3 ding), 


4-6 dunge, dong(e, 4-7 doung(e, (6 dungue, 


7G 


doong, 6-7 dongue). [OE. dung=OFris. dung, 
OHG. tunga manuring, mod.G. dung and diinger 
manure. Cf. also Sw. dynga dung, muck, Da. dynge 
heap, hoard, mass, pile, mod. Icel. dygja heap, dung. 
The original sense is uncertain: see Kluge s.v.] 

1, Excrementitious and decayed matter employed 
to fertilize the soil; manure. 

¢ 1000 /EtFRic Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 104/9 Finius, dung. 
e1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke xiii. 8 Ic hine beweorpe mid 
dunge. © 1362 Lancr. P. PZ. A. tv. 130 Pat lawe schal ben 
a laborer and leden a-feld dounge. ¢1420 Pallad. on Husé. 
1. 276 The lond aboute a roote is to be moued Al vpsodoun, 
and flekis shal we make Of donge and molde. c 1440 
Promp. Parv. 127/1 Donge, mucke, firmus, letamen. 1583 
Stuppes Anat, Abus. 1. (1882) 44 What kind of dung is 
best to fatten the same [barren ground] againe. 1616 
Surrt. & Marku. Country Farme 533 It will be good to 
spread Quicklime vpon the plowed ground .. the haruest 
after it is more plentifull, than after anie other dung that 
aman can inuent. 1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. s.v. Garden, 
Dung made of Leaves that are well rotted. 1875 Uve's 
Dict. Arts U1. 213 All the essential fertilising substances 
of a large mass of home-made dung. 

2. (As constituting the usual manure) The 
excrement or feeces of animals (rarely of human 
beings): as cow-dung, horse-dung, pig’s-dung, etc. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 310 In to a chambre forene be 
gadelyng gan wende..& in be dunge bar Hudde hym pere 
longe. a@x1300 Sarmun 6 in E. £. P. (1862) 2 A_sakke 
ipudrid ful wip drit and ding. c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) 
xiv. 64 Pai dight paire mete with dung of bestez dried at 
pe sonne. c1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 527 Donge of fowlis 
is ful necessary To londtiling. 1523 FitzHers. Hxsd. § 17 
Horse-donge is the worste donge that is..And the dounge 
of douues is best, but it muste be layde vppon the grounde 
verye thynne. 1§35 CoverDALE 2 Kings xviii. 27 That they 
maye eate their owne donge and drynke their owne stale. 
x6rr Biste Yod xx. 7 Yet he shall perish for euer, like his 
owne doung. 1796 it. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. 
I. 262 Now this dung was entirely the produce of the fishes 
on which those fowls constantly fed. 1817 J. Brapsaury 
Trav. 135 Having collected a sufficient quantity of dry 
buffaloe’s dung, we made a fire. 

3. transf. and fig. Applied to that which is 
morally filthy or defiling ; or to matter that is vile, 
contemptible, or loathsome. 

ai1225 Ancr. R. 140 Heo mot..upholden ham, pet heo ne 
uallen ide dunge of sunne. ¢ 1325 Kel. Ant. Il. 191 Loverd 
king, to hori ding what makith man so hold? 1413 Pilgr. 
Sow/le (Caxton 1483) 1. vill. 55 They were fallen and leyen 
defyled in the donge of synne. 1526-34 TINDALE PiU. iii. 
8 For whom I have counted all thynge losse, and do iudge 
them but donge. 1577 NortTHBROOKE D/cing (1843) 76 This 
dung and filth of valenesse. 1583 Stuspes Anat. Abus. 
1. (1882) 95 For greedinesse of a ‘little mucke or dung of 
the earth, (For monie is no better). @1677 Barrow Sermt. 
Wks. 1716 I. 16 The dust of pelf, the dung of sensuality, 
1858 CarLyLe Fredk. Gt. 1. i. (1865) I. 12 ‘The noteworthy 
Dead is sure to be found lying under infinite dung, no end of 
calumnies and stupidities accumulated upon him. 

4. Tailor’s slang. A term of oblcquy, applied to 
journeymen who submit to the masters’ terms, work- 
ing by the piece instead of by the day, or working 
while others are on strike. Cf. DUNGHILL 2 d. 

1764 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 66/2 Who, refusing to comply 
with the masters’ terms .. call themselves /7zn¢s, in contra- 
distinction to those who submit, and are in derision called 
by the first Dungs. 1824 /éid, 80 The whole body of 
journeymen tailors is divided into two classes, denominated 
Flints and Dungs : the former work by the day and receive 
all equal wages; the latter work generally by the piece. 
1837 Wuittock, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 430 (Tailor) Any 
man being declared a ‘dung’ for working too fast. 1867 
Morning Star 6 Aug. 7/1 He said, ‘1 know by your walk 
you are a “dung!”’ (A term applied to men who work 
for a shop where the hands are on strike.) 

5. attrib. and Comb. a. attrib., as dung-barge, 
-bed, -boat, -drag, -mere, -mixen (i.e. dung-heap), 
-pike, -pit, -yard, etc. 

1751 SmotiettT Per. Pic. (1779) IV. xcvi. 188 The rudder 
of a *dung-barge. 1845 Florist’s ¥rni. 47 ‘The preference 
of a small [hot] house over a *dung-bed. a 1667 CowLEY 
Answ. Invit. Cambridge Wks. 1711 111. 63 The Quondam 
*Dung-boat is made gay. 1795 Hull Advertiser 6 June 3/3 
Striking him on the head witha *dung drag. 1706 Puittips 
(ed. Kersey), *Dung-Meers, are Places or Pits where Soils, 
Dungs, Weeds, etc. are mix’d and lie and rot together for 
some time, for the Improvement of Husbandry. 1480 Roét. 
Devyll 38 So into a foule *donge myxen he her caryed. 1861 
Muscrave By-roads 12 Road-side laystalls and dung-mixens 
removed out of sight. 1530 PatsGr. 214/2 *Donge pyke, 
Sourche a fiant. 1658 Rowtanp Monfet’s Theat. /ns. Ep. 
Ded., Oyl Beetles .. rowl up and down a *dung-pil. 
1870 Ramsay Remin. v. (ed. 18) 86 Their dung-hills or 
*dung-pits. x 12 Mortimer (J.), Any manner of vege- 
tables cast into the *dungyard. 

b. objective, instrumental, etc. as dung-eater, 
-jfinding ; dung-bred, -feeding adijs. 

@ 1631 Drayton Poems IV. 1271 (Jod.) I scorn all earthly 
*dungbred scaral 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. (1889) 490 
Many kinds of *dung-feeding beetles. 1610 Hratey S?. 
Aug. Citie of God 691 Stercutius, who was deified for 
*dung-finding. 

e. Special combs.: dung-bath (Dyeing), a 
mixture of dung, usually that of cows, with chalk 
in warm water, used to remove superfluous mordant 
from printed calico; dung-beetle, a name for 
the dor-beetle or dumble-dore ; also a general name 
for the group of beetles which roll up balls of 
dung; dung-bird, (a) the hoopoe; (6) = dung- 
hunter; dung-chafer = dung-deetle; dung-cis- 
tern, -copper, a vessel containing a dung-bath; 


DUNGAREE. 


+ dung-farmer, one who contracts to remove dung 
and refuse; dung-fly, a two-winged fly of the genus 
Scatophaga, feeding in ordure; dung-gate, -port, 
a gate through which dung and refuse are removed ; 
in O. T., the name of a gate of Jerusalem; the 
anus; dung-hunter, -teaser, the Dirt-bird or 
Dirty Allan: (see quots.); +dung-wet a., as wet as 
dung, wet through; dung-worm, a worm or larva 
found in cow-dung, used as bait. Also Dune-cart, 
-FORK, etc. 

1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 153/2 The chalk occasionally added 
to the *dung-bath serves to neutralize the acids as they are 
evolved from the mordants. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chen. 
II. 353 The dung-bath is now almost wholly superseded 
by the solutions of certain salts, viz. the double phosphate 
of soda and lime, arsenite and arsenate of soda, and 
silicate of soda, 1634 Mouret 7heat. Jus. 153 *Dung- 
beetle, Sharnbugg. 1828 Darwin in Life & Lett. I. 172 
A bluish metallic-coloured dung-beetle, 1816 Kirpy.& Sp. 
Entomol. (1843) 11. 280 The common *dung-chafer. . flies 
with great rapidity and force. 1836 Penny Cyl. VI. 154/1 
The goods must be.. winched through a fresh *dung-cistern 
(commonly called a *dung-copper’. 1598 E. Gitrin Shia, 
(1878) 26 He’le cry, oh rare, at a *Dongfarmers cart. 1599 
Haxcuyr Voy. 11. 1. 69 ‘The dungfermers seek in euery 
streete by exchange to buy this durtie ware. 1616 Crt. 
& Limes Fas. I (1849) I. 414 They say a dung-farmer gave 
him his death’s wound. 1658 RowLanp A/oufet's Theat. 
Jus. 947 Merdivora or *Dung-flies are of divers sorts. 1535 
CoverpaLe Neh. xii, 31 On the righte hande of the wall 
toward the *Donggate. 1657 W. Ranp tr. Gassendi's Life 
Petresc I, 152 The Excrement..in that part which. was 
near the Dung-gate. a@166x Futter Worthies- 1, (1662) 
144 Searching into the pedigree of Paper, it cometh into 
the world at the doungate, raked thence in Rags. 1766 
Pennant Zool. (1768) II. 423 This species [of Gull] is 
likewise called by some the *Dung Hunter. 1885 Swain- 
son Prov. Names Birds 210 Richardson's Skua..({called] 
from the vulgar opinion that the gulls are muting, when, in 
reality, they are only disgorging fish newly caught.. Dung 
bird or Dung hunter. 1535 CoverpaLe Ned. ii. 13, 1 rode 
by nighte vnto the valley porte..and to the *Dongporte. 
1841 Setpy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club I. No. g. 256 Arctic 
skua, better known .. by the name of the *dung teazer. 
1599 NasHe Lenten Stuffe in Hart. Misc. (1808-12) V1, 180 
(D.) Fishermen cowthring and quaking, *dung-wet after a 
storme. 1603 Knottes Hist, Turks (1621) 723 The duke of 
Alva (wonderfully wearied in the late skirmish, and dung 
wet). 1753 CuamBers Cyc. Suff.,*Dung-worms..found in 
great plenty among cow-dung in September and October. 

Dung (dv), v. Forms: 1 dyngian, 4-6dong(e, 
(5 doong, 6 doung), 4-7 dunge, 4- dung. [In 
OE. dyngian from dung sb.; cf. OF ris. donga, denga, 
MHG. tungen, Ger. diingen. In ME, assimilated 
to, or formed anew from the sb.]: 

1. ¢rans. To manure. (ground) with dung; to 
dress with manure. 

¢ 1000 HELFric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 104/8 Stercoratio, 
dingiung. c 1386 Wycuir Ser. Sel. Wks. I. 99 Digge aboute 
pe vyne rotis and dung hem wek. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 127/1 
Dungen, or mukkyn londe, fimo. 1502 Caxton’s Chron. 
Eng. 1. (1520) 7/1 He taught men to donge theyr feldes. 
1548 Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 19 The ploughman..tilleth 
hys lande..and sometyme doungeth it. 1648 Gace West nd. 
xviii. 135 he best way to husband or dung their ground. 
1770-74 A. Hunter Geory. Ess. (1803) 1. 313 They miss 
a crop by dunging an improper soil. 

Jig. 1709 STEELE Zatler No. 35 ® 2 To improve and 
dung his Brains with this prolifick Powder [snuft]. 

b. Predicated of animals. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 15, If I deliver to a man 
mye sheepe to dong or marle his land. 1607 DEKKER 
Westw. Hoe u. i. Wks. 1873 IL. 294 Doe Iack-dawes dung 
the top of Paules Steeple still? 1759 tr. Duhamel's Husb. 
1. iv. (1762) 9 The land is well dunged by them. 

ce. Predicated of the manure. 

1562 Turner Herbal u. 52b, Medic fother: muste be 
sowen in April..It dongeth the ground well. 1589 Pas- 
quil’s Ret. 5 The carkases of the deade did dunge the 
grounde, A 

2. intr. Of animals: To drop or eject excrement. 

c1470 Harvine Chron. xxi. iv, In |the whiche time] no 
horsse maye dunge. 1523 Fitzners. Husé..§ 18 Let them 
{[shepe] stande stylle a good season, that they maye donge. 
1699 Damrier Voy. II. 11. 105 He grases on the Shore, and 
dungs like a Horse. 1791 J. WuiTaker Kev. Gibbon's Hist, 
256 (R.) He dungs upon it at last from the dirty tail of 
Mahometanism. 1846 [see Dunainc vé/. sé. 2). 

+b. trans. Dung out, to pass as excrement. Obs. 

1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 8 ‘Till such time as the 
lambe beginne to dunge out the milke which it hath gotten 
of her [an ewe]. J i 

3. Calico-printing. To immerse in a dung-bath 
in order to remove superfluous mordant. 

1836 [see Duncinc]. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 626 In 
dunging calicoes. /éid. 628 A solution of arseniate of soda, 
containing from ro to 50 grains arsenic acid per gallon, 
according to the strength and nature of the mordants to be 
dunged. x ‘ 

Hence Dunged ///. a., covered or mixed with 
dung; manured ; Dunger, an animal that dungs 


(Cotgr. s.v. Grumer). 
¢ Pallad. on Husb.1. 151 In donged lond. 1597-8 
Be. Hatt Sat. v. i. 116 To see the dunged folds of dag- 
tayled sheepe. 1626 Bacon Sylva § - An Infusion of the 
Medecine in Dunged Water. 1651 R. Cuitp in Hartiib’s 
Legacy (1655) 11 Dung’d land. 
ung, pa. t. and pple. of Dine v.1 


|| Dungaree (dongarz). Also 
[Hindi ¢¢ 5 Kio dungri.] A kind of coarse inferior 
Indian calico. 


dungeree. 


DUNG-CART. 


[x6r3 Cart. Saris in Purchas Pilgrimes (1625-6) 1. 363 
«) The sorts requested, and prices that they Pate’ ° 

ngerijns, the finest, twelve.] 1696 J. F. Merchant's 
Ware-ho. 14 Dungarees is another sort of Callico which is 
course, but something whiter than the former, yet not 
so fine, but is much stronger than the Derribands. 1759 
Lond. Mag. XXVIII. A sail-cloth called Dungaree. 
31858 Miss Frere Deccan Days p. xxiv. (Y.), Such dungeree 
as you now pay half a rupee a yard for. 

b. pl. Trousers of this material. 

x89 R. Kietinc City Dreadf. Nt. 40 He’s got his dunga- 
rees on. 

e. attrib, and Comb, 

1849 E. E. Navier Excurs, S. Africa Il. 230 Blue 
dungaree trowsers. W. C. Russet, My Shipmate 
Louise U1. xxxiii. 103 Clad in shirts and duck or dungaree 
breeches. 

Duwng-cart. A cart used to convey manure. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. 7.216 He. .fond A dong Carte as 
it went for to donge lond. 1523 Fitzuers. usb. § 146 To 
helpe her husbande to fyll the mucke wayne or donge cart. 
1605 Choice, Chance, etc. (1881) 48 What a spight it was to 
see a horse of seruice drawe in a doung-cart. 1865 TroLLope 
Belton Est. xiii, if 1 thought that no one would see me, I'd 
fill a dung-cart or two. 

Jig. 1624 Hevwoop Caftives 1. i, Whele about thou dun, 
cart of diseases. 1636 B. Jonson Discov. Wks. (Rildg) 
764/2 Reducing all wit to the original dung-cart. 

Hence Dung-cartful, as much as fills a dung-cart. 

15998 Mucedorus in Hazl. Dods/ey VII. 235 1 have kill’d 
a dungcartful at the least. a 1659 CLeveLann Chym. Magic 
18 Guts at least a Dung-cart full. 

Dungeon (dzndgan), sb. Forms: a. 4-5 don- 
geoun, -goun, -gon, -gen, -gyn, doun-, dun- 
goun, Sc. dwngeoune, -geown, downgeowne, 
4-6 dongeon, dungion, 5-6 doungeon, -gen, 
6 dongion, -gyon, 4- dungeon, 8. 4-9 Don- 
jon (4 dunjon, 4-5 donjoun’e, 9 donjeon). 
[a. F. donjon (12th c. in Littré), in OF. also dan- 
jon, dangon = Pr. donjon, dompnhon:—late L. 
domnion-em in same sense, f. domnus (for dominus) 
lord; thus essentially a doublet of Dominion.] 

1. The great tower or keep of a castle, situated 
in theinnermost court or bailey. (To this the archaic 
spelling donjon is now usually appropriated.) 

a. 1375 BArsour Bruce xvu. 224 Bath the castell and the 
dwngeoune. ¢1385 Cuaucer L.G. IW.937 Dido, The noble 
tour of Ylion That of the citee was the cheef dungeon. 
c¢ 1430 Lypa. Bochas 1. iii. (1544) 6a, A thousand arblastes, 
bent in his doungeoun. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonunes of Aymon 
i. 23 Lohier..mounted vp vnto the dongeon of the castell. 
1568 Grarton Chron. Il. 288 Come on Sirs, ye shal 


enter into the Dungeon, for then shall ye be sure to be 
Lordes of the Castell. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4164/3 The 
Governor..retired into the Dungeon, which is a small Fort 


within the great one. 1797 Mrs. Ravcuirre //adian vii, 
The keep or dungegn of the aucient fort. 

B. ax300 Cursor M. 5926 Pe thrid [colur]..castes lem 
ouer al sa bright, pat reches to pe dunjon light. ¢ 1330 
R. Brunne Cron, (1810) 121 Steuen..did reise in pat coste 
a stalworth donjon. 1475 Bk. Nodlesse 12 The castelle and 
donjoune held still. 1678 tr. Gaya's Art of War u. 116 
Donjon, a place of Retreat in a Town or Place, to capitulate 
in with greater security in case of pera, © 1691 Loud. 
Gaz, No. 2727/2 After this we fixed our Miners to the 
Donjon or Tower within the Castle. 1813 Scott 7rterm. 
u. x, Nor tower nor donjon could he spy. 1894 Barinc- 
Goutp Deserts S. France 11, xvi. 38 A cylindrical donjon, 
with ancient buildings grouped about it. 

b. More fully, donjon- (dungeon-) keep, -tower. 

1808 Scotr Afarm. 1.i, The battled towers, the Donjon 
keep. 1813 — Rokeby u. ii, By Brackenbury’s dungeon- 
tower. 1849 James Woodman xi. 3855 Mottey Dutch Rep. 
vi. iii. (1866) 828 It was in the donjon keep of the castle. 

ce. Arch, (See quot.) 
x Crass Technol, Dict., Donjon (Archit.), a small 
en pavilion raised aboye the roof of the house, where 
anyone may command a fing view. 

2. A strong close cell ; a dark subterranean place 
of confinement ; a deep dark vault. 

13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 1186 So wel is me in pys doel 
doungoun. 13..Coer de L. 728 That thou dwelle in a fowle 
Songs c 1325 Body & Soul 47} in Map’s Poems (Camden) 
345 The eorthe closede hit self azeyn, And the dungoun 
was for-dit. 512 Act 4 Hen. V1I11, c. 8 Preamb., The said 
Richard was taken and oe in a doungen and a depe 

ytt under grounde. 1604 SHAxks, O¢A. 111. iii. 271, I had rather 
R a Toad, And liue vpon the vapour of a Dungeon. 4 
Mitton PB: L. u. 317 The amy | of Heav’n hath doom’ 
This place our dungeon. 1713 Berketey Guardian No. 
39. P 3 Beneath the castle I could discern vast dun; 

1871 Morcey oltaire (1886) 7 When the fortunes of the fight 
do not hurry the combatant to dungeon or stake, 


3. transf. and fig. 

1340 Hampote /’7. Consc. 2835 ‘In helle’, he says, ‘ es na 
raunceon’, For na helpe may be in pat dungeon. ¢ 1430 
Lypc. Min. Poems 251 (Mitz.) That worldly waves with 
there mortal deluge Ne drowne me nat in ther dreedful 
dongoun. 1549 Coverpate, etc. Zrasm. Par. Col. 2 In 
the deepe doungeon of ignorance. 167y Mitton Samson 
156 Thou art become.. The dungeon of thyself, 1832 
G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. 68 Palissy .. confined within 
the dungeon of his own breast, those feelings of bitterness. 
1871 REuus Catudlus \xviji. 102 Strangely the land's last 
verge holds him, a dungeon of earth. 


+b. A habitation, mansion ; also fig. Ods. 
1430-40 Lypa. Bockas vin, xxiv. (1554) 194 b, Up to the 
rich sterry bright dongeon..Called Arthurs constellacion. 
— Lyke thyn Audience etc. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 
25 Dyogenes lay in a smalle dongeon, In sondre wedyrs 
which turnyd as a balle. 1443 — Prospect Peace in Pol. 
Poems \ Rolls) II. 211 Brit was the sterre ovir the dongoun 

moost, Wher the hevenly queen lay poorly in jesyne, 


718 


e. Applied to a person of profound learning or 
wisdom: = ‘deep mine or receptacle.’ (Sc. and 
north. dial.) 

1773 in Frnt. Tour Hebrides 22 Oct., Lady Loch- 
ary ne ‘he was a dungeon of wit’. histle- 
- pinkie (Se. 


Songs) Ser. 11. 81 Although he’s a dungeon o’ 
Latin and G: =! 1855 Rostnson Whitby Gloss. s.v. 
Dungeonable, ‘ He's a dungeon o’ wit’, very shrewd, Mod. 
Sc. He is a perfect dungeon of learning. 

4. attrib. and Comb.: Of or belonging to a 
dungeon, as dungeon-bolt, -cell, -door, -floor, -for- 
tress, -gate, -vault, etc.; dungeon-keep, -tower 
(see 1b). Also dungeon-like adj, 

1813 Scott Rokeby wv. xxii, A fearful vision . .Of *dun; 
bolts and fetters worn. 1814 — Ld. of /sles m1. iv, From 
lowest *dungeon cell To highest tower. az AVAGE 
Wks. (1775) U1. 107 (Jod.) Where *dungeon damps arise 
Diseas'd he pines. c 1440 CAPGRAVE Lit St. Kath. v. 720 
The gayleris were sore afrayde of certeyn light at the 
*dongeon-doore. 1645 Mi-ton Tetrach. Wks. (1847) 183/2 
This is that ety! pears -claps the *dungeon-gate upon 
them. 1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock 98 Above were 
two *dungeon-like apartments. 1856 W. E. Aytoun Both- 
well (1857) 2 They riot o'er my *dungeon-vault. 1810 
Montcomery Poems, Old Man's Song viii, To burst these 
*dungeon-walls of clay. 

Hence Du‘ngeonable a. (north. dial.), ‘deep’, 
shrewd, knowing (cf. 3c). Du'ngeonly, Du'n- 
geony a., dungeon-like. 

1593 Nasne Christ's T. (1613) 42 None but the God of 
heauen may .. returne Conquerour from that dungeonly 
Kingdome. 1674-91 Ray NV. C. Words 22 A Dungeonable 
Body; a shrewd person, or, as the vulgar express it, a 
divelish Fellow. 1823 in Life of Dean Hook 1. 360 Unaired 
dungeony rooms of a bachelor’s house. 1855 Rosinson 
Whitby Gloss., Dungeonable, deep, knowing. 

geon (dyndzan), v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. 
To put or keep in a dungeon or cell; to imprison ; 
to shut wf in, or as in, a dungeon. 

1615 T. Apams Blacke Devill 76 If he once recovers him 
into his prison he will dungeon him. 1645 Br. Hatt 
Remedy Discontents 124 Are we dungeon'd up from the 
sight of the Sun? 1819 SHeLtey Cenci u. i, You said 
nothing Of how I might be dungeoned like a_ madman. 
1884 Tennyson Becket v. ii. 193 They.. Kill’d half the crew, 
dungeon'd the other half In Pevensey Castle. 

Hence Dungeoned ///. a., Dungeoning 7//. si. 
and gf/. a.; also Du‘ngeoner, one who or that 
which dungeons. 

1633 T. Apams Ex. 2 Peter ii. 4 The 
allowed to walk abroad, though with his keeper, is not so 
miserable as the dungeoned. 1795 SoutHey 1s. Maid of 
Orleans 1. 30 A dungeon'd wretch. 1820 Examiner No. 
650. 620/1 The dungeonings and ironings of Reformers. 
ax8ax Keats Lines to Fanny 33 That most hateful land, 
Dungeoner of my friends. 

Duwng-fork. : 

1. A three- or four-pronged fork used to lift or 
spread dung; a kind of pitchfork, 

€1430 Lypc. Chorle & Byrde (Roxb.) 13 To a chorle a 
dongforke in his honde. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Donge forke, 
JSourche a fian. 1669 Wor.ivce Syst. Agric. (1681) 324 
A Dung-fork is a Tool of 3 Tines or Pikes, for the better 
casting of Dung. 1834 Brit. Husd. 1. x. 254 The manure.. 
so far rotted as to be easily divisible by the dona-tork, 1875 
Tennyson Q, Mary u. ii, The reeking dungfork master o: 


risoner that is 


the mace ! 
attrib, 1674 Fratman To Mr. Austin g Our Noddles 
understand them can No more, than read that dung fork, 


pothook hand That in Queen's Colledge Library does stand, 

2. Entom. The anal fork on which the larve of 
certain coleopterous insects carry their excrement ; 
a foecifork. 

Duwng-heap. A heap of dung, a dunghill. 

a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. xxxvii. 103 Ne fyndest thou 
non so fyl dung-heep. 1393 [sec next 1) 1430 Pilgr. Lxf 
Masked u. litt, (1869) By Ae wight is strong on his owen 
dung hep, and tristeth to his cuntree; He js heere in his 
cuntree, on his dung hep. 1843 CartyLe Past § Pr. u. v, 
* Dungheaps’ | ip quiet at most doors. 

Dunghili (do-phil), s?. 

1. A heap or hillock of dung or refuse. aaie 

¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 2417 To-delue anon in thi don 
aps lanen P. Pe B. xv. 109 For ypocrysie in latyn is tykned 
to a dongehul [1393 C. xvil. 265 dounghep]. 1484 CaxToN 
Fables of Aésop \. i, As a Cok ones sought h in 


DUNG-POT. 


| & 
the dunghill Ss 
b. Applied opprobriously to a person of evil 
life, or of base station. 


hills of the earth presume to and chaunge the 

and euerlasting Testament of y° only begotten sonne of God? 

1595 Suaks. Yohn i hill! dar’st thou 

braue a Nobleman? 16 . Spencer Vulg. Proph. 49 
‘sus .. was a walking (so ive cor- 

rupt his life). c i 


to die ‘game’. d. =Dune 4. 
1756 W. Totvervy Hist. Two O. IV. 52 Submit, be 
a wretch, and die dunghill. 1761 Brit. Mag. ii. 358 There 
would be no sport, as the tb were both reckoned 
dunghills. 1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Dunghill,a 
coward ; a cockpit phrase, all but game cocks being stiled 
dunghills ; to die dunghill, to repent or shew any signs of 
contrition at the gallows. 1820 Scott /vanhoe xhii, To see 
.. whether the heroes of the day are, in the heroic 
of insurgent tailors, flints or dunghills. 

3. attrib. and Comb. a. Of or pertaining to a 
dunghill, as dunghill beetle, raker, etc. . Fit 
for or vile asa dunghill. ¢, Cowardly, or show- 
ing no fight, as the dunghill cock. 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 192 \(Matz.) A downghille doke 
as deynte as a snyghte. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VII. 7 
A dongehyll knave and vyle borne villeyne. 1 Srusses 
Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 39 This dunghill trade of Brokerie. 
160r Cornwattyes £ss. xxv, — Dung-hill Birdes have 
maintained infinite labours, assisted onely with the fame of 
making their sonnes Gentlemen. 1 Bre. Hatt Hard 
Texts 423 Rich offerings..were made to that dunghill 
Deity. _ RowLanpD ote Theat. Ins. 1009 Some 
call the Pilularius the dunghill Beetle, because it breeds 
from dung and filth. 1670 Brooks Ws. (1867) VI. 54 God 
never loves to lift up the light of his countenance upon 
a dunghill-spirited man. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. Progr. u. 
55 The Dunghil-raker, Spider, Hen, The Chicken too to 
me Hath taughta Lesson. 1794 Soutney Wat Tyler m. ii,. 
My liege, ‘twas wisely ordered, to destroy The dunghill 
rabble. 1889 SwinpurNe Study of Ben Fonson 7o 
dunghill gazetteer of this very present day. 

d. Special combs, : dunghill-cock, -fowl, -hen, 
common barndoor fowls, as distinguished from the 
game-cock, etc.; so dunghill craven. 

1580 G. Harvey 3 frofer wittie Lett. 29 (There are) Asses 

ions skins; *dunglecocks. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. 
(1776) V. 163 The game-cock being by no means so fruitful 
as the ungenerous dunghill-cock, 1711 SHarress. Charac, 
(1797) IIL. 218 The difference .. between the game-cock, 
and the *dunghill-craven. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 112 
A ~~ *dung-hill fowls "— ——— these islands. 
3611 Cotcr., Vine 'e pailler, a *dunghill henne, a 
henne thats fed at the barne doore. 

Hence (chiefly xonce-wds,) Du'nghill v. ‘rans., 
to make wf into a dunghill; in quot. fig. + Dumg- 
hillry, vile condition or practice. Dunghilly a., 
like or characteristic of a dunghill ; vile, ignoble. 

ce Mutcaster Positions egal 205 Where I see 
nobilitie betraid to donghillrie, and learning to _doultrie, 
1632 Massincer & Fietp Fatal Dowry ww. i, Poor, de- 

enerate, dunghilly blood and breeding. 1662 J. CHANDLER 

‘an Helmont's Oriat. 115 It hides part of a stinking or 
the soureness of the milk. 1860 


¢ 1000 [see Dunc v1). ¢ 
Lupyne and ficchis sl: 


as don; , londis boote. 1562 Turner Herbal u. 74 b, 
Dungyng hurteth Date trees. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S#, 
Gt, Brit, 1. 1. iii. (1743) 11 The soil is so rich that it .. wi 
bear y for almost 20 years without dunging. 


his 


1s 
the donghylle he fond a precious stone. 1 ‘Str T. P. 
Biount £ss. Raking of Dungbhills is an Employment 
more fit for a ven, than a Gentleman. 1776 ApAM 
Situ W, N. 1, iii. (1869) I. 352 One half, perhaps, of these 
provisions is thrown to the dunghill. 1843 Lever 7. Hin‘on 
xx, Mud hovels, with their dunghills, ,around them, 
‘pb. In proverbs and locutions, , 

1546 J. Hrywooo Prov. (2867) 25 But he was at home there, 
he might speake his will, Euery cock is proude on his owne 
dunghill. 158 Sipney Aol. Poetrie (Arb.) 43 Alexander 
and Darius, when they straue who should be Cacke of th 
worlds dunghill. 1857 Trotiore 7hree Clerks xl, Mr. 
Chaffanbrass was the cock of this dung-hill, 1879 FroupE 
Cw#sar xv. 233 What he [Cicero] could not say in the 
Forum he thought he might venture on with impunity in 
the Senate, which might be called his own dunghill. 


2. transf. and fig. a. A heap or repository of 
filth or rubbish; often appli eet to 
the earth, and to the human body. Also as the type 


of the lowest or most degraded situation. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 147 b, Y* foule & 
pared donghyll of this world, ban, orysine Vives’ 
‘ntrod.Wysd, C ij, The fayrest y is nothing els but 
a doungehyll covered in white and purple. 1599, Mirr. 


Mag., Salisbury ix, And buryed in the dounghil of defame. 
1617 Mippeton & Row ey Fair Quarre/ u. i, More to be 


1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Pheasant taking, 
If you perceive by their dunging and scraping, that they 
frequent any Place, 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. a 
(ed. 4) II. 109 By eating, by treading, by dunging, by sta’ ing. 

3. Calico-printing. The operation of  eeiied 
the cloth through a dung-bath. Also aéérid. 


1836 Penny Cyc. V1. 153/a, The dunging is .. one of the 
* pane Coe 


a Ure’. 
Dict. Arts 1. 627 Dunging py or Penors are so suse 
by the manufacturing pon Sung 
Mn , a. Obs. rare. [f. Duna sd, + 
-ISH. ; 


Of the —— of pe! i — a. 
1550 Bate A fol. ny jie tradicions. 
Pat ee rere teste dengue and brutish. 

+ Dunglecock. Oés. = DUNGHILL cock, 

+ Dungled, ffi. a. Obs, ?= Dunghilled, thrown 
on a dunghill. 

1606 Warner Alb, Eng. xiv. To Rdr. 332 As if a dungled 
Asse should di 


ie. 

Dung-pot. Now dia/. A tub for carrying 
manure, etc., of which a pair is borne by a pack- 
horse; also a low-wheeled cart for the same purpose. 

1388-9 Adingdon Acc. (Camden) 58, 1j wylpottis..j dung- 
pot. x5s2 Hurort, Dunge cart or potte made of 
wickers, scirpea. 1575-6 Act 18 Elis. c, 10. § 1 Everye person 


DUNGY. 


..Shalbe charged to finde .. one Carte .. Tumbrell, Dounge 

Pott or Courte. . for. .repayringe of the Highe wayes. c1710 

C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 171 A horse we" draws a sort of 

ii the wheeles like a Dung-pott. 1881 in /s/e of 
1888 in E-wortuy W, Somerset Word-bk. 


Wight Gloss. 8 

Dungy (doni), a. [f. Dune sb. +-y 1] 

1. Of the nature of dung; abounding in dung. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. §& C/. 1. i. 35 Our dungie earth alike 
Feeds Beast as Man. 1675 Evetyn Zerra (1729) 21 ‘The 
best dungy compost. m $ 
2. Foul or filthy as dung; vile, defiling. 
©1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode m. xlvii. (1869) 160, I am 
foule..stinkinge and dungy. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie, 
Yo Detraction 165 My mind disdaines the dungy muddy 
scum Of abiect thoughts. 16rx Biste Dew. xxix. 17 Their 
idols [warg. dungy gods], wood and stone. 1860 Pusey 
Min. Proph. Hosea ix. 10 Scripture gives disgraceful names 
to the idols (as abominations, nothings, dungy things). 

Dunite (dm nait). AZz. (See quot. 1879.) 

1868 Dana Jin. 258 Dunyte. 1874 Dawkins £ss. v. 137 
The peridot rock of New Zealand known as dunite. 1879 
Rutiey Study Rocks xiii. 265 Dunite (so named from Dun 
Mountain in New Zealand, which consists in great part of 
this rock and serpentine) is a crystalline-granular aggregate 
of olivine and chromic-iron. 

| Duniwassal (d/:ni;wa'sil). Alsoduniwassel, 
-waisle, dunni-, duinnie-wassal, dunniwassel. 
[Gael. duine uasal lit. gentleman, = duzme man + 
uasal gentle, noble, well-born.] A (Highland) 
gentleman ; a gentleman of secondary rank, below 
the chief, a yeoman; a cadet of a family of rank. 

¢ 1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1814) 357 (Jam.) 

he king..caused many of the great Duny vassalis to shew 
thair holding. 1639 Drumm. or Hawrn. Cousid. to Parit. 
Wks. (1711) 187 ‘That..the overseers of ministers, deacons 
and elders, be named duniwassels of the kirk. 1681 Cotvit 
Whigs Supplic. (1751) 60 ‘Though some, Sir, of our duni- 
waisles Stood out, like Eglinton and Cassils. 1802 Scotr 
Bonny Dundee viii, There are wild Duniewassals three 
thousand times three, Will cry hoigh! for the bonnet o’ 
Bonny Dundee. 1814 — Hav. xvi, His bonnet had a short 
feather, which indicated his claim to be treated asa Duinhé- 
Wassell or sort of gentleman. 1884 7Zzzes 18 Mar. 7 The 
feathers .. indicated gentility ..the 42nd being duinnie- 
wassals, or small gentry. 

Dunkadoo (dzvykadz) [Echoic: from the 
bird’s cry.] Popular name in New England of the 
American bittern (Botaurus mugitans). 

Dunkard (donkard). U.S. =Dunxer!, 

1784 J. Brown Hist. Brit. Ch. 1. xii. 336 Dunkards, whose 
men and women live in separate communities. 1896 Chr. 
World 21 May 403/1 ‘The Dunkards are to be found in 
twenty of the United States, the total membership being 
about 75,000. /éid., A Dunkard minister made a speech. 

er! (dv nko), Tunker (tyyke1). [ad. 
Ger. tunker, f. tunken (dunken) to dip.] A member 
of a body of German-American Baptists, who 
administer baptism only to adults, and by triple 
immersion. 

They settled in Pennsylvania early in the 18thc., whence 
they spread into Ohio and other states, 

1756 G. Wasuincton Lett, Writ. 1889 I. 354 The Dunkers 
(whoare all Doctors) entertain the Indians who are wounded 
here. 1785 J. Q. Apams Whs, (1854) IX. 533 The Quakers 
and Moravians, Dunkers, Mennonites, or other worthy 
vege in Pennsylvania. Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 281 

he words Tunkers and Tumblers have been corruptly 
written Dunkers and Dumplers. 1858-60 GARDNER Faiths 
World 1. 770/x The Dunkers hold that celibacy is not 
binding. .but that it is to be commended asa virtue. 1886 
Biunr Dict. Sects 602/t Settlements were formed by the 
emigration of married ‘lunkers to other parts. 

Dunker 2, corruption of DuNKIRK : see next. 

1631 Fitz-Gerrray Curse of Corn-horders 14 Suffered to 
be a prey to Dunkers abroad, and to as bad at home. 

Dunkirk (dynkaik). Name of a town on the 
coast of French Flanders; hence, a privateer vessel 


of that town. Also ¢ransf. and fig. 

1602 DEKKER Sativom. Wks. 1873 I. 200 Ile march through 
thy dunkirkes guts for shooting jestes at me. 1607 WALK- 
incton Of¢. Glass 89 Like to roving Dunkirkes, or robbing 
pyrats. @1625 Fiercuer Elder Bro. w. ii, Quite shot 
through ‘tween Wind and Water by a she-Dunkirk, or 
Churchw. Acc. Kirton-in-Lindsey in Antiquary (1888 
Dec. 21 A trawler .. that was taken with Dunkerkes. 
1888 A thenzum 17 Mar. 335/1 Of persons robbed on the 
sea by Dunkirks we have several examples [in the Don- 
caster records i 

Duwnkirker. [f. prec. +-zr1.] A privateer 
belonging to Dunkirk, or one of its crew. 

1603 Crt. & Times Fas. I (1849) I. 4 The Dunkirkers 
have been beg busy with us of late, and..took three pinks 
coming from Flushing. 1625 Crt. §& Times Chas. I. (1848) 
I. 50 There are brought into Plymouth three long boats full 
of Dunkirkers. 1659 Futter Aff, /nj. [nnoc. (1840) 373 
A Dunkirker, who ao to prey on poor merchants’ ships. 

e (dvnk’l), v. Sc. Also dunckle. (A 
parallel form to DuntTLE, Drweie: cf. the parallel 
forms crimple, crumple, crinkle, crunkle, dingle, 
dimble.| trans. To make a dint or pit in; to dint. 

1822 Gait Sir A, Wylie III. xxxiii. 284 We think his 
harnpan’s surely dunklet. 1830 — Lawrie T. u. i. (1849) 42 
Without very deeply dunkling the truth. _ 

Dunkle (dv'yk’l), sé. Sc. [Goes with prec. vb.] 
* The dint made or cavity produced by a blow, or 
in consequence of a fall’ (Jam.). 

1821 Gat in Blackw. Mag. X.6 [It] would have left both 
cloors and dunkles in her acter. 

Dunlin (dvnlin). [dial. form of dunling, f. 
Dun a. + -Linc. Cf. dunnock.] The red-backed 
sandpiper (Zrnga alpina or variabilis), a Euro- 


719 


pean migratory bird, abundant at certain seasons 
on the sea-coast. Also an American species or sub- 
species (7. pactfica). 

1531-2 in Rogers Agric. § Prices III. 185/1. 1678 Ray 
Willughby’s Ornith. uu. xii. 305 The North-Country Dunlin 
+.is about the bigness of the Jack-Snipe, 1766 PENNANT 
Zool, (1776) II. 471 Duntin, this species is at once distin- 
guished from the others by the singularity of its colours. 
1877 Besant & Rice Son of Vule, 1. xiil, A flock of ox- 
birds, or dunlins, digging out the juicy slugs from the mud. 

age (duvnédz), sb. Naut. [In 17th c. 
dynnage, dinnage: origin unascertained. 

Cf. Du. dun, LG. diin thin, diinne twige brushwood.] 

Light material, as brushwood, mats, and the like, 
stowed among and beneath the cargo of a vessel to 
keep it from injury by chafing or wet ; any lighter 
or less valuable articles of the cargo used for the 
same purpose, 

1623 WHITBOURNE Newfoundland 75 Mats and dynnage 
vnder the Salt, and Salt Shouels. 1755 Macens /usurances 
II. ror To take Care of the requisite Dunnage and Bavins 
at the Bottom. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. A/ast xxix. 98 We 
covered the bottom of the hold..with dried brush, for dun- 
nage. 1863 Reape Hard Cash I. 198 He had stowed his 
dunnage, many hundred bundles of light flexible canes 
from Sumatra and Malacca. 

attrib. c1830 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 Dunnage bat- 
tens, pieces of oak or fir, about two inches square, nailed 
athwart the flat of the orlop, to prevent wet from damaging 
the cables, and to admit air. 1860 Merc. Marine Mag. 
VII. 73 Dunnage wood 26d. per 100 pieces. 1867 SmytH 
Satlor’s Word-bk., Dunnage gratings, express gratings 
placed on a steamer’s deck to place cargo upon, serving as 
dunnage. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 1 Feb. 4/2 They store there 
the dunnage mats used for the cargo. [When guano was 
shipped in bulk at the Chincha Islands, the hold was lined 
with guano in bags, called dunnage-bags, to protect the rest 
and for better packing; so with various other commodities.) 

§ Loosely used for miscellaneous baggage ; s/ang, 
a sailor’s or tramp’s clothes. 

r8sx Mayuew Lond, Lad, (1861) I. 262, 1873 Slang 
Dict., Dunnage, baggage, clothes. 1885 C. A. Nee 
Cruise of Aurora 105 (Cent.) Some of the dunnage and 
the tent would need to be dried before being packed. 
1887 Pall Mall G. 9 Apr. 2/1 The other dunnage was a 
curious mixture of odds and ends, such as a sextant, a little 
mahogany sea chest, strings of candles, bread bags, rusty 
scissors, knives, forks, and spoons. 

Du'nnage, v. Nawt. [f. prec. sb.] tans, To 
stow or secure with dunnage. Also zz¢r. for eft. 
c1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 63 Dunnage as high 
as the kelson..to prevent water getting to the casks. 1865 
J. Lers Laws Brit. Shipping (ed. 9) 190 The vessel must 
also be properly dunnaged in the bottom and at the sides of 
the hold, in order to raise up the loading. 1867 SmytH 
Sailor's Word-bk. s.v.. A vessel dunnages below the dry 
cargo to keep it from bilge-water. 1884 American VIII. 
382 Vessels fraudulently ‘dunnaged’ for the purpose of 
reducing their tonnage. 

+ Duwnned, 7//. a. Obs. [f. Dun v.1+-ED1.] 
Made dun ; ofa dark or dusky colour: =DvuN a. I. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 135/t Dunnyd of coloure, suduiger. 
1530 PatsGr. 311/1 Dunde gray as a horse is. 1542 Xich- 
mond. Wills (Surtees) 37 One great donnyed cow, 1643 
St. Trials, Essex Witches (R.), Yhat the impe, which the 
said Joyce Boanes sent was a dun'd one like unto a mouse. 

Dunner (dv‘no1), sd.1 Sc. Also dunder. [Be- 
longs to DUNNER v.] A resounding or reverbera- 
ting noise ; a blow causing vibration. 

1780 J. Mayne Siller Gun ut. 127 But a’ this time, wi’ 
mony a dunder [=dunner], Auld guns were brattling aff 
like thunder [=thunner]. 1789 Davipson Seasons 18(Jam.) 
His Maggy on his mind Did sometimes gie a dunner. 1850 
J. SrrutuErs Poet. Wks, 1. Autobiog. 129 The dunner. of. 
the engine. .has ceased. 

Dunner, »J.2_ [f. Dun v.3 + -ER1.] One who: 
duns or importunes another, esp. for money due; 
a dun. 

a1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dunner, a Sollicitor for 
Debts. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 454? 5 [They] serve the 
Owners in getting them Customers, as their common Dunners 
do in making them pay. 1822 T. THomas To Occupiers of 
Land 14 A fine till'd wheaten Field That Owner will from 
Debts and Dunner shield. 

Dunner, v. Sc. [perh. in origin freq. of Dun 
v.2; but with onomatopeeic associations.} zr. To 
make a reverberating noise, to resound ; to fall or 
strike with vibration and reverberating noise. 

x802z in Sippacp Chron. Sc. Poetry Gloss. 1819 W. TEN- 
NANT Papistry Storm’d (1827) 180 As down he dunner’d on 
the ground. 1820 Edin. Mag. June 533 (Jam.) It gard the 
divots stour aff the house riggins and every caber dunner. 

Dunness (dz‘njnés). [f. Dun a.+-NESS.] The 
quality of being dun; duskiness, dinginess. 

1610 Marxuam Master/. 1. \xvi. 140 When Baynesse 
turnes to dunnesse, blackes to duskishnes. 1616 SurRFL. & 
Marku. Country Farme 205 Spots or dunnesse of the 
skinne. 1848 Lytton Harodd v. vii, The dunness of the 
clouds. é 

+ Dunning, v/. sd.1: see Dun v2 

ing (dv nii), v4/. 56.2 [f. Dun v.83] The 
action of importuning for debt, etc. 

1714 Manvevit_e Fad. Bees (1725) 1. 246 Without taking 
notice of their dunning.. 1726 Amunerst Terre Fil. xxxiil. 
176 The continual dunni and insol of their 
creditors. 1753 Scots Mag. XV. 36/2 The importunate 
dunnings of a gamester. 

Dunning (of codfish): see Dun v.1 1 b. 

Duwnning, ///.¢. [f. Duy v.5+-1ne*.] That 
duns, or importunes for debt, etc. 

31816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master v. 116 Surrounded by these 


DUNSTABLE. 


dunning devils. 1848 THackeray lan. Fair xlviii, Madame 
Bobinot is writing dunning letters for the money. 

Dunnish (dznif),@. [f. Duna. +-isu.] Some- 
what dun or dusky ; inclining to a dun colour. 

1ssr Turner Herbal. Giij, The sede is donnysh blak. 
1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1134/4 A dunish gray Mare. 17. 
Stewart's Trial App. 27 Dressed in a dunnish-coloure 
great coat. 

Dunnock (dzngk). Also 5 donek, dunoke, 
7 dunneck, g dinnick (sense 2). [app. f. Dun a. 
+-ock dim. suffix; from the dusky brown colour 
of the plumage. Cf. dun/in.] 


1. The hedge-sparrow or hedge-warbler (Accentor 


modularis). 
c1475 Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 761/38 Hee lonefa, a 
1611 


donek. 1483 Cath. Ang?. 111/t A Dunoke. .cusuca, 
Cotcr., Verdon, a Dunneck, Dike-smowler, Hed 

row. 1824 Forster Perenn. Calend. in Hone £ 
Bk. U1. 119 The dingie dunnock, and the swart colemouse. 
1847 E. Bronte Wuthering Heights iv. (D.), Hareton has 
been cast out like an unfledged dunnock. 

2. (form dinnick) Applied in Devonshire to the 
Wryneck (/y2x torguilla). 

1863 Q. Rev. July 245 Either the cuckoo or the cuckoo’s 
servant, the dinnick, as it is called in Devonshire. 1885 
Swainson Prov. Names Birds 104 Wryneck ..Dinnick 
(Devon). From its brown plumage. 

Bunny (dvi), a1 [f. Dun a. + -y.] Some- 
what dun or dusky brown. 

a1sz9 Sxecton El. Rumiuyng 400 1 were skynnes of 
conny, That causeth I loke so donny. 1610 W. Forxkinc- 
HAM Art of Survey 1. x. 28 Lime made of a dunny gray 
stone. 1715 Lancaster 16 Jan, in Ballard MSS. xxi. 59 
Paper of the same Dunny Colour. 

Dunny, 2.2 (sd.) dial. [possibly f. Dun v."; 
and if so, meaning originally ‘ having a ringing or 
resonance in the ears’; cf. also dunch adj..] Dull 
of hearing, deaf; dull of apprehension, stupid. 

1708 Kersey, Dunny, somewhat deaf, deafish. 1775 Mrs. 
Derany Life & Corr. Ser. 1. 11. 97 My eyesight grew dim- 
mer, my ears more dunny. @1791 Grose Odio (1796) 105 
What the devil are you dunny? won't you give me no an- 
swer? 1826 Scott IVoodst. iii, My old Dame Joan is some- 
thing dunny. 1882-8 [In Dialect Glossaries of Berkshire, 
Worcestersh., etc. }. 

+ B. sé. A stupid fellow ; a dunce. Ods, 

1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 29. 3/2 Should a School-boy do 
so, he’d be whip’d for a Dunny. 

Hence Du'nnily, Du‘nniness. 

1731 Batey, Dunnily, deafishly. Dunniness, deafishness. 

Dunpickle: see Dun a. 3 ¢. 

Duns, dunse, etc., obs. forms of Dunce, etc. 

+ Dunship. Ods. nonce-wd. [f. Dun sb.) + 
-suip.] As a humorous title, referring to the say- 
ing ‘Dun is in the mire’: see Dun sd.! 5. 

1678 Butier Hud. 1. iii. 110 Ralph himself, your trusty 
Squire, Wh’ has drag’d your Dunship out o’ th’ Mire. 

Dunstable (dznstab’l), a. and s6. [The name 
of a town in Bedfordshire.] 

+1. a. attrib. in phr. Dunstable way, app. 
referring originally to the road from London 
(Edgware Road). to Dunstable, a part of the 
ancient Roman Read called Watling Street, notable 
for its:long stretches in direct line, and for its 
general evenness; used proverbially as a type of 
directness and plainness. Oés. 

1549 Latimer 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 56 Some .. 
that walkedinthe kynges highe waye ordinarilye,vprightlye, 

layne Dunstable waye. 1596 Harincton Metam. Ajax 
tes) 122 Indeed for the device, I grant it as plain as Dun- 
stable highway. a 1661 Futter Worthies, Prov. Bedfordsh. 1. 
(1662) 114 As plain as Dunstable Road. It is applied to things 
plain and simple, without welt or guard to adorn them, as 
also to matters easie and obvious to be found, without any 
difficulty or direction. 1719 D'Urrey Pills VI. 132 "Tis of 
the making of Dunstable way, Plain without turning. 1744 
Warsurton Rem, Sev. Occas. Refl. 128, 1 would advise 
him toreturn again as fast as he can into the old Dunstable 
Road of Moses and a future State for ever. 

[Cf. also the following: x6xx B. Jonson /utrod. Verses 
to Coryat’s Crudities, Here up the Alpes (not so plaine as 
to Dunstable) Hee’s carried like a cripple. 1614 W. B. 
Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) Aijb, Whilst pathes yntraced 
former steps vntroad, Become as Dunstable, more worne, 
more broad.] . : : 

+b. Hence as aqj.: Direct, straightforward, plain, 
downright. (Often preceded by plain, downright.) 

1589 NasHe A dnond for Parrat 19 a, A good old dunstable 
doctor here in London. 1598 Fiorio, Cardéna, plainly, 
dunstable way, homelie fashion. 1607 R.C. tr. Estienne's 
World of Wonders 21 Men who vsed old and ancient 
simplicitie, and were (as a man would say) plaine Dun- 
stable. 1672 Eacuarp Hobds's State Nat. (1705) 11 The 
old plain Dunstable stuff that commonly occurs_in those 
that have treated of Policy and Morality. 1754. RicHarRD- 
son Grandison (1812) VI. 177 (D.) Your uncle is an odd, 
but a very honest, Dunstable soul. 1817 Scorr Lett. 17 
Mar. (1894) I. 422 Now Morritt (who is ‘ Downright Dun- 
stable’) would not have let this sentence slip him. 

+e. as sb. in phr. Plain (or downright) Dun- 
stable: plain speaking or language. Ods. ; 

r Breton Miseries of Mavilla, Plaine Dunstable is 
the high way, and yet there are many holes in it. 1737 
Bracken Farriery mn (1757) 1. 87 Their Fore-fathers 
.. lov'd plain downright Dunstable. ae RICHARDSON 
Clarissa(x811) lL. xxxii. 239 That’s the plain dunstable of. the 
matter, Miss! 1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch. xvii, If this is 
not plain speaking, there is no such place as downright 
Dunstable in being ! 


“Nh tes 


DUNSTER. 


2. attrib, Applied to a kind of straw plait made 
at Dunstable, or to the method of plaiting it. Hence 
ellipt. as sb. (Formerly also a straw bonnet.) 

1849 Lover. Kavanagh (1851) 424 A milliner, who sold 
‘Dunstable and prisarst By pe k and coloured 
straws’. 1 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 11. 377 Plait straw is 
the straw of the wheat .. grown on dry chalky lands, such 
as those about Dunstable ..‘Whole Dunstable’, signifies 
that the plait is formed of seven entire straws, and ‘patent 

ble’, that it ists of fourteen split straws. /6éd. 
581 A coarser kind of material than the Dunstable. 

+ Dunster (dv'nstaz). Os. A woollen cloth, so 
called from a small town in West Somersetshire. 

1601 Act 43 Eliz. c. 10 Preamb., Dunster Cotton hereafter 
shalbe by this presente Acte intended and taken to be of like 
weighte, lengthe, and breadth as Taunton and Bridgewater 
Cloth. 1607 Act 4 Yas. /,c.2 Dunsters made in the Westerne 
parts of Somersetshire. 1887 Rocers Agric. § Prices V.95- 

+Dunstery. Obs. [var. of dunsery, DUNCERY.] 

1616 S. Warp Coal from Altar (1627) 50 The dunstery of 
the Monkes made Erasmus studious. 

+ Duwnstical, 2. Os. [var. of Duncicat.] 

1563-87 Foxe A. § AZ. (1596) 47/2 All those decretall 
letters, nothing sauouring of that age, but rather of the 
latter dunsticall times that followed. 1581 J. Bet Had- 
don's Answ. Osor. Aijb, As Sophisters use to argue of 
moates in the Sunne in their triflyng and Dunsticall 
Schooles. 1674 S. Vincent Gadlant’s Acad. 8 Those silly 
and ridiculous Fashions, which the Old dunstical world 
wore, even out at Elbows. 

Hence Dunstically av. 

1611 A. StarrorD Niobe 11. 195 (T., s.v. Dunce), One speaks 
fluently, but writes dunsticallie. 

ne (dynjsto"n). A/ining and Geol. [f 
Dun a.; cf. also dun-courses, dun-row, s.v. DUN a. 
3c.] Stone of a dun or dull brown colour; 
applied locally to different sedimentary rocks, as 
magnesian limestone, ironstone, sandstone, and 
sometimes to igneous rocks, such as dolerite. 

x77 G. Forster Voy. round World 1. 20 A few .. of the 
kind which the Derbyshire miners call dunstone. 1807 
Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 19 The soil generally con- 
sists of a hhaseh coloured loam, or free dunstone. 1870 R. S. 
Hawker Prose Wks. (1893) 1 One wide, wild stretch of 
rocky moorland, broken with masses of dunstone. 1887 H. 
B. Woopwarp Geol. Eng. & Wales (ed. 2) 577 Dolerites are 
exposed west of St. Austell .. In places they are called 
* Dunstones’. 

Dunt (dont), sd.1 Sc. and dial. Also 5-6 dount. 
[app. a phonetic variant of Dinr sé., perh. modified 
to express the duller sound implied. Cf. also Sw. 
dial. dunt in same sense. (In early ME. dunt (2) 
is merely a southern spelling of dy#t, Dint.)] 

1. A firm but dull-sonnding blow or stroke. 

c1420 Chron. Vilod, 183 W* ou3t ony stroke, dount, or 
wound. 1§13 Douctas .2neis x1. xvii. 60 Full hastely doun 
swakkis, dunt for dunt. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 
572 All with ane dunt the dur sone vp tha dang. c¢ 1690 
Roxb. Ball. (1888) V1. 616 And double dunts upon their 
rumps, the lads began to fa’ then. 1788 Burns Naebody 
12 I'll tak dunts frae nae-body. 

b. A wound produced by such a blow. 

1886 STEVENSON Aidnafped vii. 56 My visitor. .set himself 
to wash and dress the-wound upon my scalp. ‘Ay’, said 
he, ‘a sore dunt’, 1894 Crocxerr Raiders (ed. 3) 279 Wi’ 
a three-cornered dunt on his broo. 

ce. A beat or palpitation of the heart. 

1768 Ross Helenore 62 (Jam.) Dunt for dunt, her heart 
began to beat. 1789 Davipson Seasons 52 (Jam.) Ilk rowt 
the twa gave thwart the burn Cam o’er her heart a dunt. 

2. Dunt-about, a person or thing knocked about, 
ill-used, or made a convenience of. 

1825-80 in Jamieson. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., s.v.,‘ Aye, 
poor thing, she’s a fair dunt-aboot.’ 

+, a.and sb.2 dial. [perh. f. root of Dun 
v.2: cf. dunch, dunny.) 
A. adj. Stupid, dizzy, or giddy, from an affection 
of the brain: said especially of sheep or calves. 

1787 Grose Provinc.Gloss., Dunt, stupified, numbed. Nor. 
..A dunt sheep, one that mopes about, from a disorder in his 
head. 1794 Vancouver Agric. Surv. Cambr. 33 Dying dunt 
(as the shepherds term it) thatis dizzy. a 182g Foxy ok, 
Anglia, Dunt, stupid; or dizzy. A dizzy calf with water in 
the head js said to be dunt. 1893 Zincke Wherstead 276 
Dunt [in East Anglia, means) chronically stupid from some 
affection or lesion of the brain. 

B. sb. The gid or sturdy, in sheep, etc. 
1784 Younc Ann. Agric. Il. 436 Dunt, a di 


720 


wrathful ram might dunt out the bowels, or the brains .. of 
the young cavalier. 1871 W. Avexanver ¥ Gibb 
xiii. (2875) 8 Johnny’s principle of action, as led dif- 
ferences between himself and others, was always to ‘dunt it 
oot’ as he went — 

2. intr. Of the heart: To beat violently. 

1724 Ramsay Evergreen (1824) 1. 17 Neir dunt 
within my Breist. 1795 Burns 70 Mitchell 11 While 
my heart wi’ life-blood dunted. 180r Macnee Poet, Wks, 
(1844) 111 His proud heart it dunted. 

Dunt, v.* dial. [Belongs to Dunta.] trans. 
To drive stupid ; to deafen or stun with noise. 

1787 Grose Provinc. Gloss. s.v., How you dunt me, saying 
of amother toacrying child. a 1825 Forsy Voc. £. Anglia, 
Dunt, to stupify. 

Dunt, early ME. form of Dint. 

Dunter (dz-nte:). /oca/. [In sense 1 prob., in 
2 certainly, f. Dunr v1.) 

1. A local name of the eider-duck (app. originally 
in Orkney and Shetland). Also dunter-goose, -duck. 

1693 J. Wattace Orkney 16 Plenty both of wild and tame 
fowls..Dunter-Goose, Claik-Goose. 1768 Waves in Phil. 
Trans. LX. 126 Yhere are various sorts of the geese, as 
..the brant, the dunter.. The gander of the dunter kind is 
..one of the most beautiful feathered birds that I have ever 
seen, 1866 Crichton Vat. Rambles Orcades 97 We could dis- 
tinguish one eider duck or dunter, as they are here termed. 

2. A porpoise (Northuimbld. and south Scotid.). 

1825 in Jamieson. 1825 in Brockett XN. C. Gloss. 

+ Duntibour. Sc. Ods. Also dont-, dount-, 
duntebor. [Derivation uncertain.) ? A lady of 
the bed-chamber. 

r Lynpesay Suffplic. agst. Syde Taillis 176 Quod 
fo in contempt of the syde taillis, That duddrounis 
& duntibouris throu pe dubbis traillis. a1§72 Knox Hist. 
Ref. 1. (1644) 307 The old Duntebors, and others that had 
long served in the Court, and hoped to have no remission 
of sins, but by vertue of the Masse. /é7d. 363 Certain 
Duntiberis, and others of the French Menjie. /did., Ma- 
dame Baylie, Mistris to the Queens Dountibures (for maids 
that Court would not then well bear). 

Duntle (dznt'l), v. dial. [perh. dim. and freq. 
of Dunt v.: but see also DunKLx.] ¢rans. To 
knock ; to dent with a blow. 

1852 R. S. Surtees sponges Sp. Tour xxvii. 167 It was 
between these places that I got my head duntled into my 
hat. 1857 Kincstey /wo Y. Ago Introd. (1879) 6 His cap 
is duntled in: his back bears fresh stains of peat 

| Duo (di‘o). A/us. [It. duo duet, a. L. duo 
two.) A duet. 

1gsg0 T. Wuitnorne (tit/e) His Songs for 2 voyces, of the 
which some be plaine and easie..the rest of these Duos be 
made for those that be more perfect in Singing or Playing. 
1665 Perys Diary 15 Oct., ‘Tried to com a duo 
counter point. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. /t. (1795) I. 189 
A Duo performed by an old manand a young woman. 1880 
Grove's Dict. Mus. 1. 468 Some writers use the form * Duet’ 
for vocal, and ‘Duo’ for instrumental compositions ; this 
distinction, however, is by no means universall adopted. 

transf. and fig. 80a Marian Moore Lascelles 1. 232 She 
usually had a female friend staying with her, to interrupt 
these tedious duo’s. 1872 Geo. Exiot Middlem. x, The talk- 
ing was done in duos and trios more or less inharmonious. 

Duo-, L. duo =Gr. do (dyo)¢‘ two’, as an initial 
element, forms composite numbers. It is sometimes 
improperly used to form other modern compounds 
where Bi- (or in Greek words D1-) is the proper 
formative ; e.g. 

Duoca‘meral = bicameral; Duoce‘ntenary= bicente- 
nary or ducentenary ; Du‘oglott=diglott ; Duoliteral= 
biliteral ; Duo*pedal = bipedal. 

1828 Wenster cites Stuart for Duoliteral, 1850 (title) The 
Duoglott Bible comprising the Holy Scriptures in the 
Welsh and English Languages. 1859 Sata i &D. 
xxviii. 313 Forced to assume the duopedal attitude by the 
cudgel of his master. 1879 Sat. Kev. 4 Oct. 412/1 Duocente- 
naries, ter-centenaries, and quin-centenaries have all lately 
taken place. 1894 Daily Graphic 19 Mar. 7/3 It has helped 
to illustrate..the utility of the Duocameral system. 
Daily Tel. 23 Aug. 4/7 Many thousands of the * duoglot 
babies have hoon reduced by a stroke of his autocratic pen 
to ‘monoglots’, 

Duodeead, -ade. [ad. late L. duodecas the 
number twelve : cf. DgcapE.] A group of twelve; 
a period of twelve years; = DODECADE. 

x6ar Br. Mountacu Diatribae 1, 258 Ogdoades, Duode- 
cads, Triacontads .. and all the ee Te specu- 
lations [of the a 1866 Contemp. Rev. U1. 57 The 

h Fatal beg aaed 


per [in 
sheep] caused by a bladder of water gathering in the head ; 
no cure, 1822-34 Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) 1. 355 The 
staggering or vertiginous disease which is provincially 
known by the name of dunt. . 

Dunt (dent), v.! Sc. and déa/. [f. Donr sd.1, or 
variant of Dint v. (sense 1): cf. also Sw. dial. 
dunta to strike, shake.] 

1. “rans. To knock with a dull sound, as with 
the fist in the back or ribs. Also adso/. or éntr. 

1570 Henry's Wallace x, 285 Duschyt in dros, duntit [A7S. 
in gloss, dewyt] with speris dynt. c¢x6x0 Sir J. Metvit 
Mem. (1735) 393 The dunting of Mells and Hammers. 1789 
Davinson Seasons 59 (Jam,) The pliant foot .. Dunting, 
oppressive, on the verdant path, 1806 Famieson's Pop. 

all. 1, (Jam.) He dunted o’ the kist, the buirds did 
flee. 1895 Crockett Men of Mos. 38 The sound of my 
mother’s roller..‘dunt-dunting’ on the dough. Mod. Sc. 
It’s too good a hat to be dunted about ey tee 

b. Zo dunt out: to drive out by knocking ; to 
thresh or beat out. Also fig: 

1768 Ross //elenore vis Gain Ae thing I'd hae dunted 
out. 1823 Gatt 2, Gilhaize II, 220 (Jam.) Fearing the 


ig d eventful 
Duode'cagon, -he'dron = DopEcAGoN, -HE- 
DRON, Duodecahe‘dral g.= DODECAHEDRAL. 
@ 1696 Scarnurcu Euclid (1705) 17 From the bisection 
of an Hexagonal Arch, may be inscribed..a D 
1828 WessTER, Dusdasshedeth Duodecahedron, 


Duodecane : see DuopEcyL. 


Duodecennial (dis:o,dise"nial), a. [f. L. duo- 
decennium period of twelve years, f. duodec-im 
twelve + annus year: see -AL.] Of twelve years. 

1656 in Buount Glossogr. 1865 Morning Star 12 Apr., 
The next duod ial period next July, 

Duodecim-, L. duodecim twelve, an initial 
element in some recent technical terms : 

Duodeci'mfid a. [L. -/idus cleft], divided into twelve 
ig or segments (Webster, 1828); Duodeci*mlobate a. 
es oe lobe}, divided into twelve lobes (Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Duodecimal (dizode'simal), a. and sd. [f. 
L. duodecim-us twelfth, f. duodecim twelve: 
see -AL. Cf. F. duodécimal (1801 Hauy).] 


DUODENARY. 


A. adj. Relating to twelfth parts or to the 
number twelve ; i twelves. 


1727 J. Jorpaine (title) i Arithmetick and 
Mensuration im) 1749 F. Smitn Voy. Disc. Il. 56 
A duodecimal i 3857 Sat. Kev. Il]. 448/21 A 


coinage. 

to ee 
plying together quantities denotin lengths given 
in feet, inches, twelfths of an inch, etc., without 
reducing them to one denomination ; also called 
cross-multiplication. 
_ The method is essentially that of long multiplication, but 
in the duod 1 scale d of the decimal. The suc- 
cessive terms of the result denote square feet, twelfths 
of a square foot, square inches, etc. 

1714 S. Cun (title) A new and complete Treatise of the 
Doctrine of Fractions..with an Epitome of Duodecimals. 
1802 P. Bartow (¢it/e) On the Method of Transforming 
a Number from one Scale of Notation to another, and its 
Application to the rule of Duodecimals. Barn. Smitn 
Arith. & Algebra (ed. 6) 167 This method is styled Cross 
Multiplication or Duodecimal: it is g lly 
by painters, bricklayers, &c., in measuring work. 

lence Duode'’cimally adv. 

1847 Craic, Duodecimaily, by duodecimals. 

Duodercimary, a. [f. L. duodecim twelve: 
see -ARY.] Having twelve or sections. 

1837 Fraser's Mag. XV. 27 Inthe course of one month, by 
the mere dis of cards, divided into twelve compart- 
ments, as tickets for so many lessons, he pocketed about 
fifty pounds..[{He] only desired that they would take his 
duodecimary cards, pet f pay for them. 

|| Duodecimo (dizjode'simo). [L. (#2) duo- 
decimé in a twelfth (sc. of a sheet), abl. of duo- 
decimus twelfth.] 

1. The size of a book, or of the page of a book, 
in which each leaf is one-twelfth of a whole sheet : 
usually abbreviated 12mo. 

3658 Puicurs s.v., A book is said to be in Duodecimo, 
when it is of twelve leaves in a sheet. 1688 Catalogus 
Librorum..per Benj. Walford 137 English Miscellanies in 
Octavo and lecimo, 2759 Ditworrn Pope 47 His mis- 
cellanies in duodecimo. 1837-9 Hattam Hist. Lit. (1847) 
1. 451 The book is in dyodecimo, and contains but eighty- 
five pages. 1878 Brownina Poets Croisic 56 Some fifty 
leaves in duodecimo. 

1832 E. /nd. Sketch Bk.1. 49 Mrs. Erskine was a 
beauty in duodecimo, i 

2. A book or volume of this size. 

1712 Appison Sfect. No. 529 P 1 The Author of a Duo. 
decimo. 1807 Director 11. 348 Some of the duodecimos of” 
our circulating libraries. 1851 CartyLe Sterling ui. iii. 
(1872) 190 A tiny duodecimo without name attached. | 
ve: @ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) I. 282 Those delicious 
t ings, Which constitute Love's joys and woes In pretty 
ducdecimos. 

3. attrib. or adj. 

1781 W. Mason Let. 29 Mar. in Walpole’s Lett. (1858) 
VIII. 18 xote, A hundred duodecimo pages. 1791 BosweLt 
Johnson an. 17 It was published in six duodeci 
volumes. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 1. Pref. 3 The last 
Duodecimo edition of his Grammar, Haram Hist. 
Lit. I, iii. 1. § 148 The duodecimo division of the sheet. 
1850 W. Irvine Goldsmith xxx. 296 An abridgement in one 
volume duodecimo. 2 . 

b. fig. Applied to a person or thing of minute 
or diminutive size. 

1777 SHERIDAN Sch. Scand. u. ii, Lady Betty. .was taking 
the dust in Hyde Park, in a sort of duodecimo ¥ 
1833 New Monthly Mag. XXXVUI. 46 All the little mon- 
archies and duodecimo princedoms. 1860 Ad Year Round 
No. 38 283 He bent, and bowed, and touched his heart 
with his hand, like a little duodecimo Lord Chesterfield 

Duodereuple, a. [f. L. duodecim twelve, after 
DecuPie.] Twelvefold. 

1727 Axsutunot Coins (J.), To establish the duodecuple 


1 (diuprdisil). Chem. [f. L. duodecim 
twelve +-YL.] ‘THe twelfth member of the series 
of hydrocarbon radicals having the formula 
CyHnyij the monatomic alcohol radical C,.Hg3. 
Used attrib. in duodecyl chloride, compound, a 
dride, So Duo'decane, Duode’cylene, the para 
and olefine of this series. Also Dodecyl, Dodecane, 
etc. 

Ww. Dict. Chem, V1, 14 0 
eee car Mee oe ee Fag ogg 
i of American petroleum..Duodecyl chloride, 

Ci2 Ha; Cl, is a faintly yellowish, nearly inodorous liquid. . 
lecylene, Cr Has, is one of the hydrocarbons obtained 

by Warren and Storer by destructive distillation of the 


tar. 
mod.L. duo- 


Petsining or relating to the duodenum. 
j. G. 


149 i he duodenal artery. 1870 RoLLEsTON Anim. Life ts 
Inthe ity of the denal fold. 
enal, 2.2 rare. [f. L. duodéni twelve 
each +-aAL.] Com of twelve meme _ 
iss. * ve e 
itz S. § Basen, Eietscracy of the Tarsent {Oid. 286 
Duodenal Federations. 
Duodernal, sd. Aus. The symbol of the root 
OE een kis Proc. R. Soe. XXIII. 20 The duodenal 
. . . . + 20 uode! 
will Lect perme gt ne of arranging the manual. 
Duodenary (divjod?nari), a. and sd. [ad. L. 
duodénarius containing twelve.) 


DUODENATE. 


A. adj. 1, Arith, Pertaining to twelve; pro- 
ceeding by twelves. : 

1857 Sat. Rev. II1. 448/1 The use of the duodenary divi- 
sion of the shilling. 1864 Wesster s.v., Duodenary arith- 
metic, that system in which the local value of the figures 
increases ina twelve-fold proportion from en to left. 1890 
Times (weekly ed.) 17 Jan. 15/1 The duo-denary system of 
calculation. J 

2. Mus. ——. to duodenes. 

1874 A. J. Exus in Proc, R. Soc. XXIII. 21 The finger- 
ing..on manuals constructed on the duodenary theory. 

B. sb. +1, A period of twelve years. Ods. 

1681 H. More £xf. Dan. 224 In the beginning of the 
Duodenary. é 

2. Mus. A keyboard constructed according to 
duodenes. See A 2. 

1874 A. J. Evuis in Proc, R. Soc. 28 The hand would on 
the duodenary. .dip between high digitals to strike octaves 
of low digitals. . 

Duodenate, v. Aus. intr. To modulate by 
duodenes. So Duodenastion. 

1874 A. J. Exus Proc. R. Soc. XXIII. 21 If..a piece in 
tb? ecdeaated much to the left..we could play it as Ag. 
Ibid. 19 To consider modulation as taking place by duo- 
denes, and hence consisting of duodenation, 

Duodene (didodin). dus. [f med.L. duo- 
déna a dozen, a group of twelve, f. L. duodént 
twelve each: cf. late L. centéna, etc.] Name given 
by A. J. Ellis to a group of twelve notes having 
certain fixed relations of pitch, in a proposed 
scheme for obtaining exact intonation on a key- 
board instrument. 

1874 A. J. Exvuis in Proc. R. Soc. XXIII. 16 A duodene 
--consists of 12 tones, forming four ¢vizes of major Thirds 
arranged in three guaternions of Fifths. 

|| Buodenum (dizjod7ndm). Anat. In 6 also 
duodene. [med.L. (so called from its length, = 
duodenum digitorum space of twelve digits, inches, 
or finger's breadths), f. duodént twelve each (see 
prec.). Used in Fr. in 1514 (Hatz.-Darm.).] 

The first portion of the small intestine immediately 
below the stomach, commencing at the pylorus, 
and terminating in the jejunum or second portion, 
at the second lumbar vertebra. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xiii. (t495) 158 The 
fyrste gutte of the thre subtyll guttes hyghte duodenum, 
for in his lengthe by the mesure of euery manhe conteynyth 
twelue ynches. ¢1400 Lan/franc's Cirurg. 168 Pe firste gutt 
is maad fast to be lower moub, and pis gutt is clepid duo- 
denum .. for he is of pe lengbe of xij. ynchis. /é/d. 171 
Wipb a gutt pat is clepid duodeno. 1894 'T. B. La Primaud. 
Fr. Acad. 1. 349 The first is called Duodene, because of 
the length of it, which is without any folding or turning. 
1699 Phil. Trans. XXI. 237 The greatest part of the Food, 
that is thus broken and concocted, is by the Contraction of 
the Fibres of the Stomack press’d into the Duodenum. 
1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 398 The small intestines.. 
consisting of the Duodenum, JFejunum and Lleum. 1878 
T. Bryant Pract, Surg. I. 603 The duodenum is rarely 
ruptured, its position protecting it. 

Hence Duodeni‘tis, inflammation of the duo- 
denum; Duodeno'stomy [Gr. ordya mouth], 
Duodenotomy [Gr. -royia cutting]: see quots. 

1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict, Med. Terminol., Duodenitis. 
1866 Fuint Princ. Med. (1880) 450 Duodenitis. .separately, 
or in connection with gastritis and enteritis. 1883 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., Duod tomy, the opening of the duodenum 
through the abdominal walls, and its attachment to them 
so as to make an artificial mouth or entrance for food, as in 
cancer of the pylorus. /did. Duodenotomy, the opening of 
‘the duodenum through the abdominal parietes, as in 
cancer of the pylorus, to introduce nutriment, 

Duodra‘ma, [ad. It. duodramma (=F. duo- 
drame), f. L. or It. duo+ DRama.] ‘A dramatic 

piece for two performers only: cf. Duonocug. 

In recent Dicts. ‘ 

Duologue (divdlpg). [irreg. f. L. duo or Gr. 
bvo0 (dyo-) two, after monologue.] A conversation 
between two persons, a dialogue; sfec. a dramatic 
piece spoken by two actors. Also attrib, 

1864 Home News 19 Dec. 21/1 The dramatic monopolists 
. are now taking steps to stop a ‘dualogue entertainment’ 
at Weston’s Music Hall. 1865 Miss Brappon Sir Yasper 
v, [He] was fain to let the conversation lapse almost into a 
duologue between his daughter and his guest. 1894 A then- 
wum 3 Mar. 288/r ‘ Fashionable Intelligence’, an original 
duologue..is promised at the Court Theatre. 

Duomachy (diz,pmaki). nonce-wd. [irreg. f. 
L. duo or Gr. dv0 two +-paxra fighting.] A fight 
of two; single combat. 

1885 R. F. Burton in Academy Aug. 69/1 To run away.. 
rather than engage in a Waki’ al-isnayn or duomachy. 

|| Duomo (dwdmo).. Also 6-8 domo.  [It. 
duomo, domo cathedral: see Doms sd.] 

1. A cathedral church (in Italy): cf. Dom.2 

1549 Tuomas Hist. Italie 188 b, The Domo of Myllaine. 
1644 Evetyn Diary 19 Oct., The Duomo, or Cathedral 

-. is a superb structure. 1x Crowne Chas. VIII, v. 
Dram. Wks. (1873) I. 2x4 The Duchess, Sir! Bleeding 
and faint is from the Domo led. 1855 TENNYson Daisy 46 
In bright vignettes. .Of tower or duomo, sunny-sweet. 

attrid. 1851 Mrs. Browninc Casa Guidi Windows 94 
We chased the Archbishop from the duomo door. 1856 — 
Aur, Leigh vi. 44 The duomo-bell Strikes ten. 

+2. =Dome 5 a. Obs. 

1693 Satmon Bate’s Dispens. (1713) 94/1 Open the Cover 
to the Duomo, and increase the Fire more and more. 

+ Duo:polize, v, Obs. nonce-wd. [f. L. duo or 

Vot. II. 


721 


Gk. 50 two, after monopolize] trans. To engross 
between two. 

1659 GaupDEN Tears of Ch. 440 Some rigid Presbyterians 
and popular Independents affect with great Magistery to 
Duopolize all Church-power. 

Duorow, obs. form of Dwarr. 

Duosecant (diz)p's/ kant), @. Cryst. [non- 
etymol. f. L. duo two+secantem cutting.] (See 
quot.) 

385 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1. 121 Any plane of any 
crystal whatever must belong to one or other of the three. . 
forms .. ‘Trisecant. Cutting all three gubernatorial axes. 
Duosecant. Cutting only two axes, and therefore parallel 
to the third. Ultimate. Cutting only one. 

DBup (dzp), v. dial. or arch. [contr. from do 
up (see Do v, 52): cf. doff, don, dout, and see 
Dus v.38) trans. To open. 

1547 Boorpg /atrod. Kunovdl. i. (1870) 122 Dup the dore, 

os! 1564 Epwarvs Dam. § Pithias in Hazl. Dodsley 
IV. 69 Will they not dup the gate to-day? 1602 SHAKS. 
Ham. w.v. 51 ‘Then vp he rose, and don’d his clothes, and 
dupt the chamber dore. 1673 R. Heap Canting Acad. 14 
If we..dup the Giger. 1785 in Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue. 
1865 S. Evans Bro. Fabian 5 ‘Now dup the gate’, quoth 
the king’s men, ‘So quickly as ye may’. 

Dup, -e, obs. forms of Derr. 

Dupable (di#pab’l), az. Also dupeable. [f. 
DuPE z, + -ABLE.] Capable of being duped ; gulli- 
ble. Also as sd. Hence Dupabi'lity, gullibility. 

1833 CARLYLE Cagliostro Misc. Ess. 1872 V. 10g That 
same blubbery oiliness .. the very gift of a fluent public 
speaker—to Dupeables. /éz¢. 122 Some boiling muddle- 
heads of the dupeable sort. 1835 SoutHey Doctoy Ixxxvii 
III. 119 Man is a dupeable animal. 1840 CartyLr Herve. 
(1858) 366 Napoleon..believed too much in the Dupeability 
of men, 1856 R.S. VauGcuan AZystics (1860) II. vint. ix. 99 
Behold that grand Magnet for all the loose and dupable 
social particles in every class and country. 

+ Du‘pa:rted, a. Her. Obs. [f. du- (=Dvo-) 
+ parted.) = BIPARTED, 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 270/2 Some blazon this.. 
Duparted and Biparted, if it end in two points. 

Dupe (dip), sd. [a. F. dupe, + duppe (15th c.) 
deluded person: in 1426 said to belong to ‘the 
manner of speaking that they call yargon’.] 

A person who allows himself to be deceived or 
deluded ; one who is misled by false representa- 
tions or notions ; a victim of deception, Const. 
of, rarely Zo. 

1681 Tempce Mem, 1. Wks. 1731 I. 344 They were other 
Mens Dupes, and did other Mens work. 1759 Ditwortit 
Pope 39 But Dennis was the dupe of his credulity. 1772 
Priesttey /ast. Relig. (1782) 11. 304 Dupes to the most 
fatal delusion and self deceit. 1830 Scorr Demonol. x. 

56 The ready dupe of astrologers and soothsayers. 1845 

I. Partison £ss. (1889) I. 22 But Gregory was not the dupe 
of this stratagem. 

Hence Du*pedom, Du'pism. 

1798 ANNA Sewarp Lef??, (1811) V. t71 That single instance 


of dupism, 1843 CartyLe Past § Pr. i. i. (1845) 322 Im- 
becile Dupedom. 
Dupe, v. [a. F. dupe-r (17th c. in Hatz - 


Darm.) ; or f. DurE sd.] ¢rans. To make a dupe 
of; to deceive, delude, befool ; to cheat. 

1704 Swirt 7. 7ud § g Those entertainments and plea- 
sures we most value in life, are such as dupe and play 
the wag with the senses. 1771 Funius Lett. ii 264, I will 
not concur to dupe and mislead a senseless multitude. 
1825 Lyrron Zécci 26, I am not to be duped by these 
solemn phrases. 1855 Macautay Ast. Eng. III. 480 
William had too much sense to be duped. 1895 F’. Hatt 
Two Trifles 14, On his faith, I have been duped .. into 
imagining myself able to [etc.]. 

Ilence Duped (dizpt), Ap/. a. 

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. Pref., The duped populace. 
1855 Lewes Goethe I. 1. iv. gt One of those duped dupers 
who still clung to the great promises of Alchemy. 

Dupeable, var. spelling of DupaBLE. 

Duper (di#pa:). [f. Dupe v.+-ER1.] One 
who dupes ; a deceiver, deluder. 

1792 Map. D’Arstay Diary 24 Sept., The duped and the 
dupers. 1858 Browninc Xing § Bk. v. 1361 ‘Vhe waggish 
parents who played dupes To dupe the duper. 

Dupery (diz-pari). [f Dupre v.+-mry: cf. F. 
duperte (1690 in Hatz.-Darm).] a. The action 
or practice of duping ; deception, trickery. b. ‘The 
condition of one who is duped. 

1759 Apam Smitn Mor. Sent. v1. i. (R.), [Machiavel]..has 
much contempt for the dupery and weakness of the 
sufferers, 31791-1823 D’Israeti Cur, Lit. (1859) 11. 163 The 
whole displays a complete system of dupery. 1816 Map. 
D’Arsray Let, 28 Oct., While thus open to dupery..he is 
so fearful of ridicule that [etc.]. 1830 /7vaser’s Mag. I. 
418, I was..continually exposed to the dupery of cunning. 

Du'pion. ? Ods. Also doupion. [ad. F. doupion 
=It. doppione, f. doppio double.) ‘A double 
cocoon formed by two silk-worms’ (Simmonds 
Dict. Trade 1858). 1828 in WenstER. 

+ Du'plar, a. Obs. rare. [ad. late L. duplir-cs 
containing double, f. dup/us Dortr.] Double, 
duple : see quot. 

1610 Hortanp Camden's Brit.783 Duplar or Duple Ar- 
mature they were called in those daies, who had Duble 
alowances of Corne ; Simplar, that had but single. 

+ Du'plat, @. Sc. Obs. rare. [ad. L. duplat-us, 
pa. pple. of duplare to double.] = DuPLE a. 

rsor Douctas Pal. Hon. 1. xli, portionis .. Duplat, 
triplat, diatesseriall. 


DUPLIC. 


Duplation (divplé-fon). [ad. L. duplation-em, 
n. of action f. duplare to double.] The operation 
of doubling. 

¢ 14285 Craft Nombrynge(E.E.T.S.) 12 This is the chapture 
of duplacioun .. Duplacioun is a doublyng of a nombre. 
Ibid. 13 Do away pe figure pat was dowblede, and sett 
bere be digit bat comes of be duplacioun. 1542 RecorpE 
Gr. Artes (1575) 167 Duplation is nothing else but multi- 
plying by 2, 1861 F. Hace in Fru. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 6 
The originals in all cases double consonants which have 
ry over them. I have simplified this duplation. 

Duple (di#p'l), a. (sd.)  [ad. L. dup/as double, 
f. duo two + -plus, from root f/e- to fill.] 

A. adj. Double, twofold. Ods. in gen. sense: 
in Math. applied to the proportion of two quanti- 
ties one of which is double of the other; in A/zszc, 
to ‘ time’ or rhythm having two beats in the bar. 

1542-3 Act 34 $ 35 Hen. VIII, c. 27 § 47 If it .. be with 
a duple voucher, then sixe shillinges and .viii. @, 
Dovurann Oruith. Micrel. 19 For example s 
will make a duple reason [=ratio]. 1656 STANLEY //ist. 
Philos. v. (1701) 162/2 By finding two mean proportionals 
between two right lines in a Duple proportion, 1 
Butter Hud. u. ii. 269 A breach of Oath is Duple And 
either way admits a Scruple. 1725-52 CHAMBERS Cyrcé. s. v. 
Time, Common or duple ‘Time is of two species. The first, 
when every bar or measure is equal to a semi-breve... The 
second, where every bar is equal toa minim. a@ 1763 Byrom 
Robbery Camb, Coach (R.), Made the red-rugg'd collector's 
income duple. 188r W. S. Prarr in Gladden Par. Probl. 
460 Duple and quadruple rhythms are the best. 

+B. sb. A double; =Dovus.e sd. 1. Oés. 

I Dovutanp Ornith. Microl. 61 You shall find it a 
Duple. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 63 Vhe proportion of 
a half part to a duple. 1726 Leoni tr. Adberti’s Archit. 
IL. 88/2 Four..the Duple of two. 1787 Sir J. Hawkins 
Johnson 535 Mathematical ratios of a duple and triple. 

+ Duple, v. Ods. [ad. L. wuplire to double, 
f. dupl-us Durie.) trans. To double; to make 
twice as much or many. 

c1425§ Found. St. Bartholomew's (E.E.T.S.) 63 Rehersyng, 
and duplynge prayers. 1654 Vitvain E£fit, #ss. Vi. Ixxxil, 
That dupled force. 1694 Hotver //armony (1731) 116 
Dupling the Terms of the Ration. | 

+ Du'plet. Ods. rare. [f. DUPLE, after doublet: 
see -ET.] = DOUBLET 3 a. 

1668 DrypEN Evening’s Love m1. i, To throw with three 
dice, till duplets, and a chance be thrown; and the highest 
duplet wins. 

Duplex (di#pleks), a. [a. L. duplex twofold, 
f, duo two + plic- to fold. Not in Webster 1828.] 

1. Composed of two parts or elements ; twofold. 

1817 T. L. Peacock Melincourt Il. 51 A poet and a 
critic—in which duplex capacity he had first deluged the 
world with torrents of execrable verses—and then written 
anonymous criticisms to prove them divine. 1841 Miacn 
in Nonconf. I. 29 A double definition is required; because 
we are endeavouring to express a duplex idea. | 1877 
‘Tynpatt in Daily News 2 Oct. 2/4 Social progress is for 
the most part typified by this duplex or polar action, 

b. In various technical applications. 

Duplex escapentent, one in which the escape-wheel has 
both spur and crown teeth ; duplex gas-burner, one having 
two jets so arranged as to combine the two flames into one; 
duplex lamp, one with two wicks; duplex lathe, one 
having a cutting-tool at the back opposite to that in front, 
and in an inverted position, 

1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhtb. W11. 1266 Gold hunting watch 

. style of regulator with duplex escapement. 1883 Miss 
Bravpon Gold. Calf xxv. 281 In the mellow light of a 
duplex lamp. 1889 Finpiay Exg. Railway 114 A duplex 
steam hammer of 30 tons, and one of 10 tons. 

2. Electric Telegraphy. a. Applied to any 
system by which two messages can be sent along 
the same wire at the same time: now called Diopr. 
b. Now restricted to systems in which two messages 
are sent simultaneously in opposite directions: opp. 
to DIPLEX, q.v. 

1873 Telegraphic Frul. 1.59 The term duplex telegraphy 
has recently been applied to the system by which two 
messages may be sent along the same wire at the same 
time. 1879 G. Prescott Sf. Telephone p. iii, In 1872 
Stearns perfected a duplex system, whereby two commu- 
nications could be simultaneously transmitted over one wire. 

“plex, v. Electric Telegraphy. [f. prec. 2.] 
trans. To render duplex; to arrange (a wire or 
cable) so that two messages can be sent along it 
at the same time. : 

1880 Daily News 27 Dec. 3/4 The Duplexing of Sub- 
marine Cables. 1882 Sa¢, Rev. 18 Mar. 330/2 Duplexing had 
been known and used on land lines for some time before it 
could be applied to long deep-sea cables. 1883 Daily 
News 30 May 7/3 Science had enabled them to duplex their 
cables. 1894 77i7es 30 Apr. 3/4 There are two systems of 
duplexing—the one called the ‘differential’, where you 
babes two currents against one another, and the ‘ bridge’ 
system, where you balance two electric pressures or ten- 
dencies to drive acurrent. 

Duplexity (diwple'ksiti). rave. [f. DUPLEX a. 
after complexity.] The quality of being double ; 
doubleness. (Used occasionally instead of DuPLi- 
city (sense 2), to avoid the suggestion of sense I.) 

1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith vi. vi. 405 In the duplexity 
of method may be found the key. 1885 Huxtey Phys. 
Index, Nervous apparatus, duplexity of. 

+ Du'plic. Oss. In 6 -icke, 7 -ique. [a. F. 
dupligue sb. (1512 in Hatz.-Darm.), med.L. du- 
plica * iterata responsio in litigiis’ (Du Cange), f. F. 
dupliquer, L. duplicare, to double.] =DuPty sé., 
DUPLICATION 3. 

g1* 


DUPLICAMENT. 


1563-87 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 984/2 Then after, at cne 
daies appointed, went forth with replication duplicke, with 
other answeres ech to other in ee oa they could. 
1682 Lond. Gaz. No. nok Meg a Duplique to the last 
Reply of the French Am dors. 

+ Du ent. Obs. rare. [f. L. duplica-re 
to double: see -MENT.] A duplicate, a copy. 

1574 in H. Hall Soc. in Eliz. Age (1886) 161, I delivered 
him the Duplycamente of his Accompte. /id., W** sayde 
Duplycamente is enrolled before Mr. Fanshawe. 

, du'plicando. Sc. Law. [L. 
duplicando (in feu charters written In Latin) ‘ with 
or by doubling ’, used in Engl. context with sense 
‘doubling’, and now usually anglicized as dupli- 
cand.) ‘The doubling of feu-duty for one year, on 
the occasion of the admission of an heir or assignee, 
or at certain specified intervals, as e.g. at the 2oth, 
25th, or 30th year; a double feu-duty so paid. 

1769 Morrison's Dict. of Decisions 15059 ‘Necnon dupli- 
cando dictam feudifirmam primo anno introitus cujuslibdet 
heredis aut assignati.’ 1777 Ibid, 15053 The superior is 
bound to enter an heir .. fora mere duflicando of the feu- 
duty. 1804 /d/d. 15040 On payment of the duplicando.or 
other composition. 1838 Durr Feudal Convey. ii. ii. § 56 
p 4 With respect to the duplicand or relief due by an_hetr, 
it ought to be expressed in the charter. /d/d. The duplicand 
or casuality of relief may be renounced. 1892 Scottish Feu 
Charter, ‘As also paying to me and my foresaids a duplicand 
or additional sum of one pound ten shillings sterling at the 
expiration of every period of twenty years from Whitsun- 


day. .1892.’ 

Duplicate (di-plikét), a. and sd. [ad. L. 
duplicat-us doubled, pa. pple. of duplicare to 
double: see next.] 

A. adj. 1. Double, twofold, consisting of two 
corresponding parts; that is made or exists in two 
corresponding examples. 

3432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 125 Galile is a region be- 
twene the Iewery and Palestine, whiche is duplicate, the 
superior and inferior. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VI//, c. 21 § 12 
No man..shal cag 4 any more... then shalbe..limitted in the 
saide duplicate bokes of taxes. 1657 Honses Absurd 
Geom. Wks. 1845 VII. 382 Euclid has but one word for 
double and duplicate. 1670 W. Simpson //ydrol. Ess. 152 
Nitro-aluminous, or duplicate salt, 1856 Dove Logic Chr. 
Faith v. i. § 1. 248 Astronomy is a Science of duplicate 
origin. 1882 Pesopy Lug. Fourn. xx. 148 The Standard 
is a morning and an evening paper, and is the only Lon- 
don newspaper which now appears in this duplicate form. 

b. Duplicate ague : see DUPLICATED 3. 

1822-34 Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 607 The fifth species 
[i. e. complicated ague) is distinguished from the rest by its 
peculiar complexity, consisting of double tertians, triple 
tertians, unequal tertians, duplicate tertians. ; 

2. Double, doubled; consisting of twice the 
number or quantity. 

1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIT, (an. 6) (1550) 23 The estates 
of Bruges little doubted to admit so small a nombre into so 
populous a company, ye though the numbre were duplicate. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. 's.v., Double, duplicate. Applied to 
flowers having a double row of petals. 

8. That is the exact counterpart or ‘double’ of 
something already in existence: applied to any 
number of such copies or specimens of a thing. 

1812 J. Smytn Pract. of Customs App. (1821) 375 Some- 
times. . goods. .are included with other goods, in a warrant 

assed in the Wood Farm Office; in which case the Land- 
ing Waiter is furnished with a duplicate warrant from 
thence, as his authority for the delivery. 1847 Emerson 
Repr. Men, Montaigne Wks. 1. 341 The diiplicate cop’ 
of Florio, which the British Museum purchased. 1863 P. 
Barry Dockyard Econ. 194 For each ship of war there are 
duplicate boilers, either in store, in hand, or in contemplation. 
1895 Stanley Gibbons’ Stamp Catal. 593 A convenient means 
of keeping duplicate or superfluous stamps. R 

4. Duplicate proportion, ratio: the proportion or 
ratio of squares, in relation to that of the radical 
quantities. 

1678 Hossrs Decam. v. 57 "Tis because all heavie Bodies 
Naturally descend with proportion of swiftness duplicate to 
that of the time. 1794 Sutuivan View Nat. 11. 386 All the 
particles of matter attracting one another in the reciprocal 
duplicate ratio of their distances. 1827 Hutton Course 
Math. 1. 330 1f any number of quantities be continued pro- 
portionals ; the ratio of the first to the third, will be dupli- 
cate or the square of the ratio of the first and second. 1B3t 
Brewster Newton (855) I. xii. 309 He must have been 
acquainted with the duplicate proportion before his conver- 
sation with Hooke. ca 

B. sb. [absol. use of the adj.; in F. duplicata, 
a. med.L. duplicata (charta, etc.)] 

1. One of two things exactly alike, so that each 
is the ‘double’ of the other; especially, that which 
is made from or after the other. a. A second 
copy of a letter or official document, having the* 
legal force of the original: whether made along 
with it, for separate custody or transmission, or 
prepared subsequently to take the place of the 
other in case of loss. b. The second copy of a 
bill drawn in two parts; a ‘second of exchange’. 
eA pegeieczers ticket. 

1532 Sir J. Russet in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser, u. I. 303, I 
do send a post unto your Highnes with the duplicate of 
these my said Lettres Moa bee by Alemaignie. 1575 in 
W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 374 Two duplicats 
thereof to be signed. Termes de la Ley 130 Duplicat 
is a second letters Patents graunted by the an- 
cellour, in case where hee hath  gex the same before, 
and therefore they are held voi «A M. Crompton, 1648 
Cromwett Let. 2 Oct. in Carlyle, Duplicates of all which 


722 


the duplicate or counterpart another. HEARNE 
Collect. FH Dec., We will part with duplicates [of coins]. 
rege . Watrote Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 23 

peaperecg f made duplicates of his pictures, reserving 
one of each for himself. 1771 Swinton in PAil. Trans. 
LXI. 350 It is so similar to the former. .that it may almost 
.. pass for a duplicate of the same coin. 1820 Lams £lia 

d 


Ser. 1. Oxford in Vac., As if a man sh ddenly en- 


DUPLICATORY. 


Du tely, adv. rare. [f. DUPLICATE a. + 
-LY 2.] In a double or twofold manner or measure. 
1660 tr. Paracelsus’ Archidoxis i. 145 If there happens a 

fold need Medicine .. then administer also dupli- 


ays eon se foa) F. duplica- 
(dizpliké-fon). [a. F. 
tion (13th c. in Godef.), ad. L. Desdeainoel n. of 
action from L. duplicare to double.] : 
1. The action of doubling. +a. Avith. Multi- 
plication by two. Ods. 
©1430 Art Nombrynge (E.E.T.S.) 7 Duplicacioun is 
acion of nombre pat me may se the nombre growen, 
In doublynge ay is but one of necessari¢e, 
1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 24 a is nothing else 


counter his own duplicate. 1890 Ocitvix Postage Stamps 
11 Friends. .will soon supply you with plenty of duplicates 
which you can utilize for exchanges. 

b. A word which is in sense exactly the same as 
another ; a synonym. 

1839 H. Rocers Ess. II. iii. 147 These languages, more 
especially the Latin, have furnished us with duplicates of 
many words of common objects, which add much to the 
variety and harmony of expression. 

3. In duplicate: in two exactly corresponding 
copies or transcripts. 

[1627 Sir N. Hype in St. Trials (1735) VII. 140/1 This was 
certified under the hands of all the Judges..in a duplicate, 
whereof the one was delivered to the Lord Chancellor, an 
the other to the Lord Treasurer. 1660 Perys Diary 21 July, 
I .. went to get Mr. Spong to engross it [the oe) in 
duplicates.) 1884 Harper's Mag. June 61/1 Receipts for 
refunds are taken in duplicate. ‘ 

Duplicate (dizplike't), v. [f. L. duplicat-, 
ppl. stem of duplicare, f. duplex, duplicem, double.) 

. trans. To double; to multiply by two; to 
make double or twofold ; to redouble. 

1623 Cockeram, Dxflicate, to double, 1650 Butwer 
Anthropomet. 101 To duplicate the analogy. a 1652 ue 
Smitn Sed. Disc. iv. 100 Requiring them to duplicate the 
dimensions of Apollo's altar. 1660 3 Brooke tr. Le Blanc's 
Trav. 308 Their wailings and lamentations, which they 
duplicate when they come together. ee wry Arith. 
(1696) 24 As 4372 duplicated. .is..8744. Pall Mall G. 
16 Oct. 5/2 The Eastern Extension Telegraph Company .. 
have decided to duplicate the cables which are not dupli- 
cated over their lines. : 

2. To make or provide in duplicate; to make the 
double or exact copy of ; to repeat. 

1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fates (1861) 14 Copying or 
duplicating his own structure. 1880 7ismes 27 Dec. 9/4 To 
provide against the a a breakdown. .all the vital 
parts are Miplicated. 1883 H. Deummonp Nat. Law in 
Spir. W. x. 330 It isa case which is being duplicated every 
day in our own country. 1895 Zablet 7 Dec. goo Many 
of the official pieces were almost certain to be duplicated. 

+3. intr. for refl. To become doubled. Ods. 

1646 Sin T, Browne Pseud. Ep. it. xx. ty If we abduce 
the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate. 
rand fe Tavior Gt, Exemp. v. § 6 The desires of man.,. 
if they pass upon an end or aim of difficulty or ambition, 

du ares and grow to a disturbance. 

+b. To double or fold on itself. Ods. 

1638 Sin T. Hersert Trav. (ed. 2) 325 Pep; r..in the 
growth supported by poles or canes, about which it en- 
twines and duplicates with many embraces. ‘ 4 

4. Eccl. (absol.) To celebrate the Eucharist twice 
in one day. 

1865 F. G. Ler Direct, Angl. (ed. 2) 196 If the Priest has 
to duplicate, i. e. to. celeb twice in one day, he must not 
drink the ablutions, 1881 T. E, Brivcert Hist. Holy 
Eucharist 11. x. 132 Rebuking priests who said mass fre- 
quently, sometimes duplicating out of avarice. 

Hence Du'plicating vé/. sd, and Afi. a. 

1659 Futter Ay. Inj. Innoc. (1840) 316 Who .. hath re- 

resented all my faults in a ony 9 icating glass. 1805-17 R. 
Taweson Char, Min. (ed. 3) 79 Iceland or duplicating spar. 

Duplicated, ///. a. [f prec. + -ED !.] 

1. Doubled, made in duplicate, repeated. 

1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. u. 30 Sundry duplicated 
deepe Asseverations. a 1661 Futter Worthies u. (1662) 274 
Single flowers are observed much sweeter than .. such 
flowers which are duplicated. 80x Hooxe in PAi?. Trans. 
XCIIL. 40 This confused or duplicated pulse..does uce 
on the retina, the sensation of a yellow. 1896 T, Martin 
Aineid w. (470) When he sees..two suns And duplicated 
Thebes before him rise. 

+2. Doubled back. Ods. 

1741 Monro Anat. Nerves (ed. 3) 73 ‘The Edges of the .. 
Valves are duplicated with a muscular uscle in the 
Middle. 1741 — Anat. Bones os 3) 210 ‘The duplicated 
‘Tendon of the Musculus desce' ominis. 

8. Pathol. ‘Applied to. intermittent fevers in 
which two paroxysms occur during the time in 
which one is usual; the two paroxysms being unlike 
to each other, but each like the corresponding one 
of the following period’ (Syd. Soc. Lex., 1883). 


lume of a given cube; the DELIAN penn qv. 

Duplication formula, a formula for ining the sine 
or other trigonometrical function of the double of an angle 
from the corresponding function of the angle itself. 

1660 STANLEY Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 435/2 Amongst his 
Geometrical Inventions also must be remem! Du- 
plication of aCube. 1754 Dict. Arts 4 Sc. 11.992 The di li- 
cation of a Cube is a problem famous in antiquity. 
Penny Cycl. 1X. 203. 

Music. See DouBLE v. I c. 

2. A duplicate copy or version ; a counterpart. 

1 Harpwick Trad. Lanc. 219 A to be but a 
duplication of the Tarquin legend. J. Incuis Oor 
Aim Folk iv. (1894) 41 There were numberless duplications 
of Jeems Wright. 

. Civil and Canon Law. A pleading on the part 
of the defendant in reply to the replication, corre- 
BP to the rejoinder at common law. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 476 The courts of 
Equitie beyond the seas, after bill and answere, lication 
and reioynder, and sometimes duplication, and at con- 
clusion [etc.]. 1726 AyLIFFE ae 251 Duplications are 
those Excepti which the fendant made use of to 
repel the Plaintiffs Replication, 1880 Murrieap Gaius 1v. 
§ 127 [If] a replication .. op inequitably ii 
defender; in that case an additional clause is added on his 
account, which gets the name of duplication. 

b. transf. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 11 To haue 
written in controuersie, had bin to cut off an Hydra’s head, 
lis litem goret one begets another, so many duplica- 
“a triplications, and swarmes of questions. 

+4. Anat. A folding, a doubling; concr. a fold. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man by The Cause of this ‘, 
cation (of the pleura]. 1676 Wiseman Surgery (J.), 
peritonzum is a strong membrane, every where double; in 
the duplications of which all the viscera of the abdomen are 
hid. 1748 tr. Renatus' Distemp. Horses 170 A Ganglion is 
a Tuber or Tumour which is formed of the Duplication of 
a Nerve. £ 

+b. =Drevoe 1. Obs. 

1615 CROOKE Body of Man 447 Tothe duplication of the skull, 
that is to the porie substance between the tables thereof. 

5. Eccl. *A second celebration by the same 
priest on the same day.’ 

1866 F. G. Lee Direct. A “fi; (ed. 3) 354 

Du tive (did pliketiv), a. and sd. [f. L. 
duplicat-, ppl. stem of duplicdre to double + -IVE.] 

A. aaj. Having the quality of doubling; pro- 
ducing two instead of one. 

¢1870 Carpenter (O.), The multiplication of cells by 
duplicative subdivision. 

B. sd. A doubling addition. 

1884 Atheneum 23 Aug. oas/a Clack, near Bradenstock, 
is the Celtic céeg, a hill .. C Raga .is simply cleg, with a 
duplicative to make it intelligi! 

Du :to-, combining adverbial form of L. 
duplicatus doubled, refixed to adjs. in the sense 
‘doubly’; esp. in Botany, as duplicato-dentate, - 
-pinnate, -serrate, -ternate, applied to toothed, pin- 
nate, etc. leaves, of which the teeth, pinne, etc, are 
themselves again dentate, pinnate, and so on, 

1753 Cuamners Cycl. Supp. s.v. Leaf, Duplicato-ternatea 
Leaf, one consisting of leaves, which are themselves com- 
posed of three leaves each. 1845 Linpiey Sch. Bot, i. (1858) 
g In like manner we have the terms bicrenate and bidentate, 
or rather duplicato-dentate. f 

Du tor (didplikeite:). [agent-n. in L. 
form f. DUPLICATE v.: see -on.] A machine for 
producing copies. Also aéér7d. 

1894 Westm, Gaz. 1 Jan. 7/2 The matter being closely 
type-written on six f pages and the copies produced 
by a duplicator apparatus, on t 
+ Duplicatory, a. . rare. [f. as prec. + 
-ory.] Having the quality of doubling ; in quot, 
used for; Double, twofold. 


DUPLICATURE. 

1659 D. Pevt Zr. Sea 562 A duplicatory reason of this 

desire; 1: For... 2. OF. oe A 

plicature (di#plikeititiz). [a. F. duplica- 
ture (16th c.), f. L. duplicat-, ppl. stem of dupli- 
cave to DUPLICATE: see -URE.] A doubling; a 
fold. (Chiefly in Anat.) 

1686 Snare Anat, Horse . xx. 42 Seeing it is onely a Dupli- 
cature of the common coverings of the Body. 17a7-5x 
Cuambers Cycl. s.v. Duplication, The Duplicature of the 
cube. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 203 A duplicature of 
the skin connects the fore and hinder legs together. 1854 
Woopwarp Mollusca u. 279 The internal muscular ridges 
are produced by duplicatures of the shell-wall. 

Duplicidentate (diz:plisidentét), a. Zool. 
[f. L. duplici-, comb. form of duplex (see DUPLEX) 
+ Dentate: cf. F. duplicidenté.] Belonging to 
the Duflicidentata, a division of rodents charac- 
terized by two pairs of upper incisor teeth. 

Duplicipennate (-pe'net), 2. Zntom. [f. as 
prec. + L. penndtus winged.] ‘ Having the wings 
folded longitudinally when in repose’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex.). 

Duplicity (dizpli-siti). Also 5-6 -te, 6-7 
-tie. P. . F. duplicité (13th c.), ad. L. duplicttat-ene, 
n. of quality f. duplex, duplic-em : see DUPLEX.] 

1. The quality of being ‘double’ in action or 
conduct (see DouBLE a. 5); the character or prac- 
tice of acting in two ways at different times, or 
openly and secretly ; deceitfulness, double-dealing. 
(The earliest and still the most usual sense.) 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 165 (Matz.) In symulacioune is 
false duplicite. 1g03 Hawes Examp. Virt. v. (Arb.) 19 
Wo worth the man full of duplycyte. 1597 J. Payne Royal 
Exch. 14 Suche ys the choyce that these make of duplicitie 
and hypocrisie. 1650 BuLwer Anthrofomet. 143 Whether 
this Duplicity of Tongue be in them Lusus Nature, or a 
meer Device of Art. 1771 Funius Lett. lii. 267 1 am 
astonished he does not see through your Duplicity. 1828 
D'Israeut Chas. J, I. vi. 206 We have here complete evi- 
dence of the duplicity of the King’s conduct. 

2. lit. The state or quality of being numerically 
or physically double or twofold ; doubleness. 

1589 Putrennam Lng. Poesie tu. xviii. (Arb.) 205 Because 
of the darkenes and duplicitie of his sence. 1688 Boye 
Final Causes Nat, iv. 163 Nature has furnished men with 
double parts .. where that nage may be highly useful. 
1764 Rein /uguiry vi. § 13. Wks. I. 165/2 We as invariably 
see two objects unite into one, and, in appearance, lose 
their duplicity. 1863 C. Prircuarp in Smith's Dict. Bible 
III. 1375 The duplicity of the two stars must have been ap- 

ent. G. F. Campers Astron, vin. 769 The 
duplicity of Saturn’s ring. 1892 Mivart “ss. & Crit. 1. 403 
Due to non-appreciation of our duplicity in unity. 

3. Law. The pleading of two (or more) matters 
in one plea ; double pleading. 

(1628 Coke Ox Litt. 304 The Plea that containes duplicity 
or multiplicity of distinct matter to one and the same thing 
..is not allowable in Law.] 1848 Warton Law Lex., 
Duplicity. See Double Pleading. 

+ Duplify, v. Ods. [f. L. duplus double : see 
-FY.] ¢vans. To make double, to double. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 122 Wherfore by reason I must 
be duplifyde. 1602 W. Bas Sword & Buckler B ijb, Your 
slight regard and recompence of this, So duplifies the 
bondage of our state. 31649 Butwer Pathomyot. u. i. 73 
Duplifying the single motion. 

Hence Duplifica-tion, the action of doubling. 

x82x Gat Ann. Parish xlviii. 157 I was pleased to see 
the duplification of well-doing, as I think marrying is. 

Duplo- (dizplo). [L. dupl/-us double.] Used 
in chemical nomenclature with the sense ‘ double’ 
or ‘twofold’, as duplo-carburet, twofold carburet. 

31872 Watts Dict. Chem. VIL. 442 Duplosulphacetone. 

Duply (dizplai:), sb. Sc. Law. Obs. exc. Hist. 
Usually in Z/. [f. med.L. duplica ‘iterata responsio 
in litigiis’ Du Cange; cf. F. dupliqgue, and reply = 
¥. réplique.] A second reply ; a defender’s rejoinder 
to a pursuer’s reply. (Now abolished.) 

1609 Skene Reg. Maj., Forme of Proces 121 Quhen ane ex- 
ception onely, or ane exception with ane duply, is admitted 
to probation of the defender. a 1693 Urquuart Rade/ais 111. 
xxxix. 326 Duplies, Triplies, Answers to Rejoinders. 1 
in Scotsman (1885) 20 Aug. 5/3 Having considered the peti- 
tion of the Magistrates..answers thereto, replies, duplies, 
and triplies with the writs produced. 188x J. Russert Haigs 
viii. 210 Counsel on both sides, with many replies, duplies, 
and triplies, discussed the question of its relevancy. 

b. transf. In a controversy, the rejoinder that 
comes fourth in order after the original assertion. 

1638 (/it/e) Duplyes of the Ministers and Professors of 
Aberdene to the Second Answeres of some Reverend Bre- 
thren. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xi. (1848) 
340 Replies were made by Monks and duplies by them. 
1820 Scorr Adéot i, Answers, replies, duplies, triplies, 
quadruplies, followed thick upon each other. 1873 BurToN 
Hist. Scot. VI. \xxi. 235 To the Demands there were 
‘ Answers’, to these came ‘ Replies’ by the Doctors, and 
then second Answers, and finally ‘ Duplies’ by the Doctors, 

Hence Duply v., to make a duply. 

1631 in Cobbett State Trials III. 444 (Trial Lord Uchil- 
trie), It is duplyed for the Pannel by his Prolocutors, as to 
the particulars contained in my Lord Advocate’s Answer. 
1818 Scort H7rt. Midi. xii, Advocatus for Lackland duplies 
that..the pursuer must put his case under the statute. 

Duporthite (dixppupsit). Min. [Named 
1877, from Duporth in Cornwall: see -1TE.] A 
silicate of alumina and other bases, occurring in 
greyish fibres in serpentine, 


723 


1877 ‘ier Mag. 1. 226 Duporthite, a new asbestiform 
mineral. 

Duppa, dupper, var. DuspBa. 

Duppy (da'pi). [Understood to be of African 
aig Name among West Indian negroes for 
a ghost or spirit. 

1774 Lone Hist. Yamaica I1. 416 They firmly believe in 
the apparition of spectres. ‘Those of deceased friends are 
duppies ; others .. like our raw-head-and-bloody-bones, are 
called dugadoos. 1834 M. G. Lewis Frnd. West Ind., Vhe 
negroes are. . very much afraid of ghosts, whom they call the 
duppy. 1885 Lapy Brassey he Trades 215 After dark 
nothing would induce them to pass the mangrove-swamps 
or cockle-ponds, for fear of ‘Duppies’. . N. Darneti 
Davis (Br. Guiana) in Letter, Only last Saturday morning, 
my butler was told by a man that ‘the Duppies had been 
troubling the telephone wire *. 

Dur, obs. form of Dare v.1, Door. 

Dura (diiiera).  [L. dra adj. fem. ‘hard ’.] 

1. Short for DuRA MATER. 

1882 Wiper & Gace Anatom. Technol. 447 Notwith- 
standing its feminine form, dura is frequently employed 
without the substantive mater. 1886 Med. News XLIX. 
536 ‘lhe dura was universally adherent on both hemispheres. 
sei (3 F. P. Foster Aled. Dict.2166 Ligamentum dentatum 
--Its outer edge is serrated, the serrations being adherent 
to the inner surface of the spinal dura. 

. = DURAMEN, 

Durability (diiiribiliti). [a. obs. F. dura- 
bilité, ad. late L. durabilitat-em (Palladius), f.dara- 
bilis DURABLE.] The quality of being durable. 

1. Continuance ; lastingness, permanence. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. pr. xi. 73 (Camb. MS.) By the 
whiche is sustenyd the longe durablete of mortal thinges. 
c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. ‘TV. S.) 67 pat 
all delitable binges of pys world.. pat bay ben alle for long- 
lastynge of durabilyte..lyflode for lastynge ys to be had, 
and noght durabilite for liflode. a 1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 
1687 I. 164 The Prophets .. assign the character of per- 
petual durability thereto. 1812 D'Isrartt Calam. Auth. 
(1867) 224 Pope hesitated at deciding on the durability of 
his poetry. 189 Sfectator 27 June, Nor has there ever 
been an explanation of this durability in the Jew. .which in 
the least satisfies or convinces any reflecting mind. 

2. Capability of withstanding decay or wear. 

az600 Hooker (J.), Stones, though in dignity of nature 
inferior unto plants, yet exceed them in. . durability of being. 
1794 G. Avams Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 11. xx. 370 Colours .. 
greatly superior both in beauty and durability. _ 1860 Tyn- 
DALL Glac. 1. xx, The great density and durability of the 
rock. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. 1. 184 Where doors 
are required to combine strength, beauty and durability. 

Durable (diiierab’l), a. [a. F. durable (11th c. 
in Littré) =It. deradile, Sp. durable, ad, rare L. 
dirabilis lasting, durable, f. dirdre to last, endure, 
hold out, f. di#rus hard, unyielding.] 

1. Capable of lasting or continuing in existence ; 
persistent, lasting ; not transitory, permanent. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucrer Pars. 7. P 965 To han thynges espiritueel 
and durable and somtyme temporele thynges. c 1450 tr. 
De Imitatione 1. xxxv. 103 Wipoute me is noon availyng 
..ner durable remedie. 1582 N. Licnerte.p tr. Castan- 
heda's Cong. E. Ind. xxvi. 65 b, Vhey thought this kinde 
of weather was alwayes durable there. 1667 Mitton 2. ZL. 
v. 581 Time. .measures all things durable By present, past, 
and future. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. I. x. 204 The com- 
punction of Richard for his undutiful behaviour was durable. 
1839 ALison Hist. Europe (1849-50) VII. xli. § 58. 63 
Comparing his durable designs with the temporary ex- 
pedients of the statesmen who. . followed him. 

2. Able to withstand change, decay, or wear. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xvi. |xxxiii. (Tollem. MS.) 
The tre berof [of Ilex] is durable and stronge, and ny3e 
nou3t able to rote. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xvu. vi, The 
best wood and moost durable that men maye fynde. 1555 
Even Decades 42 To dye clothe with a more fayre and 
durable colour. 1638 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. (ed. 2) 134 
Sun-burnt bricks, hard and durable. 1703 Moxon Mech. 
Exerc. 238 They make a good Pavement, and are very 
Durable, 1874 MickLetHwaite Mod. Par. Churches 225 
Inscriptions are more durable incised than in relief. 

+3. Able to endure toil, fatigue, etc. Ods. 

1540-1 Eryot /mage Gov. (1556) 4 Stronge and durable to 
susteigne peynes. 1596 DatrympLe tr. Les/ie’s Hist. Scot. 
I, 63 Thair horses ar verie litle..bot in labour meruellous 
durable, 1616 Surrt. & Marku. Country Farme 708 
French Goshawkes .. are ,. neither so valiant, sound or 
durable, as those which are bred in Ireland. 

+4. Capable of being endured, endurable. Ods. 

1509 Barcray Shyf of Folys (1874) 1. 194 A small diseas 
which is ynoughe durable At the begynnynge. 

Durableness (diii*rib’Inés). Now rare. [f. 
prec. +-NESS.] The quality or condition of being 
durable. 

1. = DURABILITY I. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay ix. (1617) 141 The measurin 
of durablenesse..they call Time. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 
Iv. xxv. (1713) 350 #arg., The Apostacy of the Church, how 
consistent with the durableness of God’s Kingdom. 1725 
Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Pease, Pease, everlasting, so call'’d 
because of its durableness. 1754 SHERLOcK Disc. (1764) II. 
243 Speculating on the Durableness of Things without 
themselves. 

2. = DURABILITY 2. 

1579-80 Nortu Plutarch To Rdr. 1 (R.) There is neither 

picture, nor image of marble, nor arch of triumph .. that 
can match the durableness of an eloquent history. 
Wor ince Syst. Agric. (1681) 90 No Timber natural to our 
English Soil exceeds the Oak, for its Plenty, Strength, and 
Durableness. 1776 ApAm SmitH W, N.1. xi. m1. (860) 1 
22t The durableness of metals is the foundation of this 
steadiness of price. 1778 Eng. Gazetteer s.v. Barrington, 
A quarry of free-stone. .noted for its durableness. 


DURANCE. 


+3. Power of endurance. Cf. DURABLE 3. Oés. 

1737 Bracken Farvriery [mpr. (1757) 11. 50 He.. exceeds 
our English Horse as to Durableness in travelling. 

bly (ditierabli), adv. [f. as prec. + -Ly 2.] 

1. In a durable or lasting manner; lastingly. 

1586 Sipney (J.), Monuments engraved in marble, and 
yet more durably in men’s memories. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep, vit. xvi. 374 Yet did not his Successors durably 
inherit that scruple. 1775 Priesttey Ox Air I. 320 A 
durably elastic Vapour. 183r Lytton Godolphin 7 The 
habits of his mind were durably formed. 1868 E. Ep- 
warps Raleigh I. xv. 294 The play and the publication of 
the book strongly and darably affected Queen Elizabeth. 

+b. Continually ; continuously. Ods. 

sss. Asp. Parker Ps. xlv. 134 The people so shall 
durably, To thee aye thankes pronounce. 1688 Boyte Final 
Causes Nat. Things i. 59 ‘That weariness, which .. that 
durably constrained posture would be sure to give them. 
1797 Hotcrort tr. Stolberg’s Trav. (ed. 2) ILI. Ixvii. 48 The 
mountain ceased to repeat its quick successive claps of 
thimder, and continued to roll it durably. 

2. So as to withstand wear or decay. 

1809 Pinkney 7rav. France 125 Others being more 
durably constructed, were still habitable. 

Duracine, 2. (sd.) Ods. [a. F. duracine 
(16th c, in Littré, first as adj.) stone fruit with hard 
pulp, ad. L. diracin-as hard-berried, f. dézas hard 
+ acinus berry.] 

A. adj. Applied to stone-fruit: Having a hard 
pulp. B. sd. A cherry with a hard pulp. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens v. xl. 710 Vhat kinde [of peach] whiche 
will not easily be separated from the stone, are called 
Duracina. 1601 Horranp Pliny 1. 448 Vhe Duracine 
Cherries be the soueraign, which in Campaine are called 
Pliniana. 1655 Mourer & Bennet Health's Lnprov. (1746) 
294 Duracines, or in French Ca@urs, or Heart-Cherries, 
.. are the firmest of all other. 

[f. It. devo hard, 


+Dural, a.) Mus. Obs. 
harsh, in Music also ‘sharp’.] =DureE a. 2. 

1609 Doutanp Oraith, Microl. 14 The Scale 9 Durall is 
a Progression of Musicall Voyces, rising from A to 9 
sharpely, that is, by the Voyce 4/7. (1753 Cuambers Cyc. 
Supp., Durale or Duro, in the Italian music .. This name 
is given to B natural, by reason its sound is sharp, when 
compared with B mol, or flat.] 

Bural (ditieral), 22 [f. Dura (dura mater) 
+ -AL.] Of or pertaining to the dura mater. 

1888 Medical News LII. 430 The dural vessels were well 
injected externally and internally. 1890 F. P. Foster J/ed. 
Dict., Dural, pertaining to the dura. 

|| Dura mater (diiiera méi-taz). Anat. [Med.L. 
=hard mother; literal translation of the Arabic 


dla Jel! ¢! umm al-yalidah or ialh el umm al- 


jafiyah (Bocthor) in the same sense, in accordance 
with the Arabic use of ‘father’, ‘mother’, ‘son’, etc. 
to indicate relations between things.] The dense, 
tough, outermost membranous envelope of the 
brain and spinal cord. 

¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 112 An hard pannicle bat is to 
seie a cloop pat is vndir pe brayn panne..pbe which pan- 
nicle .. is clepid dura mater, 1525 tr. Brunswyke's Surg. 
A iv b/x (Stanf.) Than within be ij. small fleces named dura 
mater and pia mater, than the substance of the braynes. 
1717 Prior Adma ut. 157 How could I play the com- 
mentator On dura and on pia mater? 1767 Goocu 7 7eat. 
Wounds 1. 270 The Dura Mater is an inelastic membrane, 
about the thickness of parchment. 1873 Mivart lem, Anat. 
ix. 365 The solid structures which protect the cerebro-spinal 
axis are lined by a dense membrane—the dura mater. 

| Duramen (diuré‘men). Sot. [rare L. dira- 
men hardness; a hardened or ligneous vine-branch 
(Columella), f. dérare to harden.) The central 
‘wood or heart-wood of an exogenous tree. 

1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 205/1. 1839 CarrENTER Princ. ~ 
Gen. & Comp. Phys. § 329 ‘The deposition of the products 
of secretion which gives strength and firmness to the dura- 
men, destroys or greatly diminishes its power of transmitting 
fluid. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 133 The inner layers of 
alburnum are gradually transformed into duramen.. the 
cell-walls assuming a darker colour, from saturation with 
resin, colouring-substances, etc. The distinction between 
alburnum and duramen is very clear and well-marked in 
the oak, walnut, cherry, elm.. brazil wood, etc. 

Durance (ditirins), [a. OF. durance dura- 
tion, f. duxer to last, DuRE: see -ANCE.] 

+1. Continuance, duration ; lastingness. Ods. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. I. cv,. Some wryters accompt the 
terme of the duraunce of this kyngdome from Cerdicus 
to Egbert, and some to the last yere of Aluredus. 1599 
A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 29/2 Let it soe rest in 
a sellar the durance of 14 dayes. 1698 Fryer Acc. Z. /ndia 
& P. 27x Had not that Instigator of Ills .. forbid its 
Durance by maliciously sowing ‘Tares. 

+2, Lasting quality, durability. Ods. é 

1599 T. M[ouret] Silkwormes That compar’d with 
this is nought so fine..Nor of like durance. 1663 GERBIER 
Counsel 108 Precious Wood .. both for Colour, Aromatick 
smell and Durance. 1703 Art Vintners 23 It acquires a 
better durance and taste. 1847 Emerson Poems, Astrea 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 444 The durance of a granite ledge. 

+8. Astout durable cloth. (Cf. Durant sd.) Ods. 

1883 in North. N. & Q. I. 77 A payr of blew paynd hosse, 
Pb furthe wt Dewrance. 1588 Acc.-bh. of W. Wray 
in Antiquary (1896) Feb. 54 li pece cremosynge Duraunce 
..and one pece blacke duraunce. _1601 CornwAttyes Ess. 
(1632) xiii, I refuse to weare buffe for the lasting, and shall 
I be content to apparrell my braine in durance? 1709 Mrs. 
CRACKENTHORPE emule Tatler in Malcolm Anecd. 18th 
C._(1808) 133 Shallons, durances, and right Scotch plaids. 

4. Endurance (of toil or fatigue). arch. 

91*. 


DURANCY. 


saggy Comme 5 ‘hk. Cal. Epil. 2 That .. time in durance 
outweare. ax Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. v. vii. § # 
‘Their hardinesse .. partly naturall, and partly acquired 
practise of their bodies to durance. 1881 R. BucHaNnan 
God & Man 111. 31 Many a man. had saved himself from 
.-madness by the hard durance of toil. : 
5. Forced confinement, imprisonment; constraint. 
Now esp. in phr. i# durance vile. Cf. DURESS 3. 
113 More in Grafton Chron, (1568) 11. 773 Those that 
have not letted to put them in duraunce without colour, will 
let as little to procure their destruction without cause. 156 
Grarton Chron. II. 82 His mother, which as yet was in 
durance in Englande. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /Y, Vv. v- 36 
Thy Dol..is in base Durance, and contagious prison. 
1637 SANDERSON Sermz. II. 62 St, Paul being at durance in 
Rome. 1663 Butter Hud. 1. iii. 995 Him they release 
from durance base. 1770 Burke Pres. Discont. Wks. 1842 
I. 130 This royal servitude and vile durance. 1791 Mac- 
Kintosn Vind. Gallice Wks. 1846 II. 9 To deliver the 
less and immaculate Antoinetta. .from the durance vile 
in which she has so Jong been immured in the Tuilleries. 
1794 Burns Esopus to Maria 57 A workhouse !..In durance 
witehere must I wake and weep. 1841 Borrow Zincadi I. 246 
The writer, who. . was in durance for stealing a pair of mules. 


+ Durancy. 0s. rare. [see -ancy.] =prec. I. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. i. u. xlvii, A never fading 
durancie Belongs to all hid principles of life. 1653 — Con- 
ject. Cabbal, (1662) 119 The permanency and stable durancy 
of the world. 

Durand, -ly, obs. north. forms of Durina, -LY. 


Durangite (diurangait), J/in. [Named 
1869, from Durango in Mexico.] A fluo-arsenate 
of aluminium and sodium, in orange-red crystals. 
_ 1869 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. u. XLVIII. 182, I propose fer 
it the name Durangite. 
Durant (diiierant), a. and sd. [a. F. durant, 
pres. pple. of durer to last, continue, DuRE.] 
+A. adj. Lasting, continuous; current, present. 
1485 Paston Lett. No. 237 I. 325 [To hear of his] durant 
prosperite and welfare. 1494 Fanyan Chron. 2 Of names 
of tymes, and of the duraunt yere. 1652 Marsury Comm. 
Habak. 1. 2 Christ's so frequent, so durant prayers. 1653 J. 
Hatt Paradoxes 97 Can he. .suppose the greatnesse of his 
Master were constant and durant. 
B. sd. A woollen stuff called by some ‘ ever- 
lasting’ (Webster, 1828) ; a variety of tammy. 
1766 W. Gorvon Gen. Counting ho. 428 Superfine black 
durants. 1851 Ofc. Catal. Gt. E-xhib. 1. 98 Fabrics com- 
posed entirely of Wool..Durants and Buntings. 1883 Beck 
Draper's Dict.s. v., Both Tamies and Durants were hot- 
pressed and glazed, but the former were kept at the full 
width of the cloth, while the latter were creased. 
|| Durante (diure nt’), pres pple. and prep. 
The Latin pres. pple. durans enduring, in ablative 
singular, used in absolute constructions. 
a. In Latin phrases durante beneplacito, during 
pleasure ; durante vita, life enduring, during life. 
16a1 Debates Ho. of Lords (Camden) 63 Whether to be 
degraded durante vita. a1627 MippLeton Anyth. for 
Gangs Life ww. i. E iij, 1 cannot longer merit their durante 
ene placita, 1676 Wycuertey P/. Dealer v. iii, To have 
the priviledges of a Husband, without the dominion: that is 
Durante beneplacito. | 
+b. Hence, in English context, =Durine. Ods. 
1556 Aurelio & sab, (1608) L, viij, To take plesour durante 
thy lyfe. a164z Be. Mountacu Acts & Afon. (1642) 101 
Durante the minority of Ioas surviving. 1832 J. P. KENNEDY 
Swallow B. xvi. (1860) 147 It was a grant durante the 
existence of the mill-pond. 


Duration (diuréi-{an).  [a. obs. F. duration, 
ad. late L. duration-em, n. of action f. dzrare to 
harden, endure: see Dure v. Used by Chaucer, 
and then after 1600; not in Shaks.] 

1. Lasting, continuance in time; the continuance 

_or length of time; the time during which a thing, 
action, or state continues. 

1384 Cuaucer H. Fame wt. 1024 And yaf hem eke 
duracioun. eum — Knut's T. 2138 That same prince.. 
Hath stablissed in this wretched world adoun Certeyne 
dayes and duracioun [Cor., Petw,, Lansd, dominacioun To 
al that is engendrid in this place. 1614 Jackson Creed i. 
xxx. § 5. 283 The actuall visibilitie of colours wholly depends 
vpon the light, as well for existence as duration. 1677 GALE 
on Gentiles \v. 287 What is Duration, but the persevering 
of a thing in its existence? 1 Boyte Salub. Air 80 
‘Their duration was unequal, some lasting ten or fifteen days, 
and others longer. agxx Appison Sfect. No. 94? 5 That 
Space of Duration which we call a Minute. 1783 Cowrer 
Let. 24 Feb., The peace will probably be of short dura- 
tion. 1862 Sir B. Bropie Psychol, /ng. Il. iv. 118 The 
average duration of human life in the agricultural districts 
is bs ay, that of the great cities. 

+b. Lasting in use ; endurance of wear; durable- 
ness, permanence. Ods. 
1637 Eart Mono. tr. Malvessi's Romulus . Tarq. 139 
That Magistracy in States is of duration, which is content 
to execute as a Minister, not to command as a Lord. 
Sir T. Hersert 7rav, (1677) Date ..a Tree 
which both for — , duration, and fruit is [etc.]. 1712 

. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 212 A Bason..of Ciment, 

is preferable to all for its Duration. 1753 Hanway 7 rav. 


724 


Durbar (doubas). East Indices. Also dar- 
bar. (Pers. and Urdi » darbar court.) , 


Sir T, Hersert 77rav. (1 
himself in the Durbar and Jarneo to the 
as was expected. 1804 WELLINGTON in Owen Wedlesley's 
Desf. 298 Yo lay these communications before the Peishwa's 
Durbar. 1862 Bevertoce Hist. /ndia 11. vu. vi. 475 
Pag a we a bog * 1881 Sir W. "aun 
in Encycl. Brit. . B11 an 1, 1877, een 
Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India at a darbdr of 
unequalled magnificence, held on the historic * ridge’ over- 
looking the Mughal capital of Delhi. Times (weekly 
ed.) 12 Aug. 1/2 A grand Durbar was held .. by Mr. Cros- 
thwaite the Commissioner at Mandalay. 

attrib, 1867 Evening Star 7 Dec., The beautiful durbar- 
tent of red and yellow silk. 

2. The hall or place of audience. 

1793 Hovces 7vav. India 105 In the inner court are the 
remains of the durbar, or hall of public audience. 1888 
Quiver July 673/1 The Durbar, a large audience hall, 
which forms a part of every Eastern palace. 

Durdun, var. of Dirpum. 

Dure (diiie1), v. arch. and dial. Also 4 duyre, 
dyre, 4-6 dourie, 5 deure, dewre, dowre, 
6 duer. [a. F. dure-r to last, continue, persist, 
+extend:—L. dira-re to harden, be hardened, 
endure, hold out, last, f. d#r-us hard.] 

1. intr. To last, continue in existence. arch. 

¢ 1275 Lay. 26708 Al pane day long durede pat fit strong. 
1315 SHoreHAM 3 Hy ne moje nau3t dury. cr 
Brunne Chron. Pref. (1810) 189 Pare biriels he pouht to 
honoure With som bing pat ay myght doure. 13.. Minor 
Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxvii. 793 Monnes lyf nis bote 
schort : Sone wol hit go; Bote pe sely soule Duyreb euer- 
mo. ¢14§0 Merlin 32 As longe as the worlde dureth shall 
thi boke gladly ben herde. Tinvate Matét. xiii. 21 
Yet hath he no rotts in him ett 4 therfore dureth but a 
season. 1533 Bettenpen Livy iv. (1822) 321 Thare 
empire durit nocht lang. 1575 Cuurcuyarp Chiffes (1817) 

This bickring duerd, foure hours and more at lest. 71664 

SvELYN Sylva (1776) 261 The wood being preserved dry, 
will dure a very long time. 1669 Wor.ipGe Syst. Agric. 
(1681) 247 You may = Recess for the other, and so make your 
sport durée the longer. 1871 R. Exus Catulius xcvi. 6 
In thy love dureth a plenary joy. 1882in W. Worc. Gloss. 

+2. To persist, ‘hold out’ in action ; to continue 
in a certain state, condition, or place. Ods. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 181 He po3te..to wynne 3ut_ al 
Europe, 3yf he my3te dure. 13.. Coer de L. 2937 The 
Sarezynes myghten nought doure, And flowen into the 
heye toure. ©1477 Caxton Jason 8 b, [They] persecuted 
them with their arowes as long as they dured. a@1g10 
Douctas K. Hart 469 For so in dule he micht no langar 
dure. axgq4x Wyatt Despair counselleth, etc. Poet. Wks. 
97 Against the stream thou mayst not dure. 1§73 Satir. 
Poems Reform. xiii. 639 As the body can not dure, Except 
in sesoun men procure Fude in dew tyme it to sustene. 

+3. ‘To continue or extend onward in space. Ods. 

a1300 Floris § Bl. 210 Babilloine..Durep abute furten- 
ni3t 3onde. cx1g00 Maunpev. (1839) vi. 67 There begyn- 
nethe the Vale of Ebron, that dureth nyghe to Jerusalem. 
1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. xvii. 52 Lyke as a flye goth 
round aboute a round apple In like wyse myght a man 
goo rounde aboute therthe as ferre as therthe dureth, 
c1§00 Melusine xxxvi. 281 Nygh therby was a forest that 
dured a myle. 3 

+4. trans. To sustain, undergo, bear (pain, op- 
position, etc.) ; to endure. Oés. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 335 3yfheo yt may dure. ¢ 1400 
Ywaine & Gaw. 2634 Might thare none iis dintes dour, 
ar Lov. Berners Huon Ixvii. 232 Durynge grete sorow 
in y*horryble pryson. 1594 Marrowe & Nase Dido w. iii. 
I may not dure this female drudgery. 1598 Marston Pyg- 
mal, Sat. 1. (1764) 138 He that .. arm'd in proofe, dare dure 
a strawes strong push. 

5. To harden; sce Durine vél. sb. 2. 

Dure (diii*1), a. arch. Also 4 dur, 5 deure, 
6 Sc. duire. [a. F. dur, dure:—L. dirus hard: 
cf, also Dour. 

1. Hard. Ht. and fg. 

cx Sc. Leg. Saints, Andreas 621 Gyf pat pu sa dur 
wil t bu wil nocht consent tome. 1412-20 Lypc. Chron. 
Troy \. vi, His bryght skales were so hard and dure. be a 
Satir. Poems Reform. iv. 155 As the woirme that workis 
vnder cuire At lenth the tre consumis that is duire. 
Turserv. Ovid's Epist. 47 That place with dure 
deadly dinte hath Cupid crased earst. 1664 Flodden F. 
viii. 80 Blows with bils most dure was delt, 1848 Lyrron 
Harold 1x. i, In be at to too dure a request. 1885 R. F. 
Burton roor Vés. 1. 111 The last judgment will deal them 
durer pains and more enduring. 

+ 2. Mus. Sharp. (In quot. applied to the note 
now called B natural, as distinguished from B flat.) 
[cf. F. dur, formerly used in same sense.] 

1609 DouLann Ornith, Microl. 15 The Scale of 4 dure, and 
where the Mutations are made. /4/d, 16 For }j dures are not 


(1762) I. 1, xxxiv. 157 The brick. .app to be ill prepared 
for duration. 

+ 2. Hardening. Ods. 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate (1653) 270 Duration is either 
when things mollified at the fire are set in a cold place to 
harden ; or by boyies .. do waxe hard. 1657 ‘ToMLINSON 
Kenon's Disp. 75 The doctrine of Mollition and Duration. 

Hence Dura‘tional a., pertaining to duration. 

1881 Sporriswoope in Nature No. 623. 549 The durational 
—— of this former is very much more marked than that 
ott tter, 


hanged into 4 mols, nor contrarily, 

Hence Du‘rely adv.; Du‘reness, stubbornness. 

€1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Facobus (minor) 337 Pe Iowis.. 
wald [not] mend bar wikit liffis.. bot in to fai ay abad. 
€1477 Caxton Yason 102 He made his heed hurtle ayenst 
his crawpe right sore and durely. 

Dure, obs. form of Dang, Deer, Door, 
_‘tDuree, dure, sé. Olds. [a. F. durée (12th c. 
in Hatz.-Darm.) duration, f. durer to endure.) a. 
Power of endurance. b. Duration. 


DURETTO. 
Fd aed peg oy pty og lhe 
suld him se. — Chron. Wace ( 
Moddred haue no duree, Ne no fot helden his meynee. 
t+ Durefal, a. O¢s. [f Dune v. + -PUL. | Last- 


ing, contin’ , durable. 

1594 SPENSER Amoretti vi, The durefull Oake, whose sap 
is not yet dride. 1596 — F. Q. 1v. x. 39 Neither i 
stone, nor durefull Raveicu Hist. World 1. 
(1634) 56 A durefull continuance. 

+ Eas em a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -LESS.] 


Not lasting, unenduring, transient. 
1614 Raceicn Hist. World 1. (1634) pan Tie false and 
durelesse pleasures of this Stage-play 1636 Featiy 
Clavis Myst. x\v. 664 As a as the other is durelesse. 
que (diirére'sk), a. [see -ESQuE.] In 
the style or manner of Albert Diirer (1471-1528), 
the most distinguished Renascence artist of Ger- 
many, famous both as painter and as engraver on 
copper and on wood. 

1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x. ii. § 13. 213 Trace this 
fact..through Greek, Venetian, and Dureresque art. 1893 
Nation (N. Y.) 23 Mar. 221/1 Nor does he rely w) G 
drapery or Diireresque handling for success as deco- 
rator, 1896 Westm. Gaz, 23 Mar. 2/1 Dureresque as it is in 
its treatment. - a - 

Duress, duresse (diure’s, ditierés), sb. Forms: 
4-9 duresse, 4 duresce, (5 dwresse, dewresse), 
5-7 dures, 7- duress. [a. obs. F. duresse, -esce, 
-ecé, hardness, oppression, constraint:—L. di#ritia 
(=duritiés), n. of quality 1. dir-us hard.] 

+1. Hardness; roughness, violence, severity; 
hardiness of endurance, resistance, etc. ; firmness. 

cxg400 Jest. Love 1. i, By duresse of sorowe. ¢ 
Promp. Parv. 135/2 Dwresse, or hardenesse, duricies. ¢ pf 
Ross La Belle Daas 463 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 67 
An herte of suche duresse..ye wynne al this diffame by 
cruelte. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. . ii. 13 What he 
did was done by duress of mind. : 

+2. Harsh or severe treatment, infliction of hard- 
ship; oppression, cruelty ; harm, injury ; affliction. 

{x292 Britton v. iii. § 1 Sauntz duresce fere.] c1320 
Senyn Sag. (W.) 2189 Ac yif thou do thi sone duresse. 
c1350 Will. Palerne 1074 Pe duresse pat he wrou3t. ¢ 1430 
Lypc. Min. Poems 118 (Matz,) ‘The wolfe in fieldis the shepe 
doth grete duresse. 1508 Dunsar Gold. Targe 170 Vhair 
scharp assayes mycht do no dures ‘Io me. 1673 in Jackson's 
Wks. (1844) 1X. 271 ‘Taught to hunt counter for pleasure, 
and seek delights in difficulties and duresses, 

3. Forcible restraint or restriction ; confinement, 
imprisonment; = Durance 5. b. Harshness or 
strictness of confinement (cf. senses 1 and 2). 

©1430 Life St. Kath. (Roxb. 1884) 13 She wyl..put me in 
duresse —— I were a faytour. ¢1470 Harpinc Chron. 
(Prose add. Harl. MS.) cxcvi. 353 Kynge Richarde vnder 
dures of prison in the Toure of on. 1577-87 HotinsHeD 
Chron. 11. 40/1 He was suddenlie apprehended .. and kept 
in duresse, by reson that he was suspected to be of no 
sound religion. 1651 N, Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. lix.188 He 
kept the whole Synod in duress to have their votes for the 
election of his Son to be his successor. 1800 WELLINGTON 
in Gurw. Desf. 1. 249 What, then, is the ree of duresse 
which is to constitute imprisonment? 1857 Tou_min SMITH 
Parish 376 Persons in prisons, workh: asylums, hos- 
pitals, or under any form of duress, 1880 MeCantny Ozwn 
Times LV. \vi. 222 Some of the missionaries had been four 
years in duresse. : a 

4. Constraint, compulsion; sfec. in Law, Con- 
straint illegally exercised to force a person to 
perform some act. 

Such compulsion may be by actual imprisonment, by 
threat of imprisonment or of loss of life or limb, or by phys- 
ical violence. A deed or contract made under duress is void- 
able on a plea of duress at a sul t trial. : 

1596 Srenser F, Q. 1V. xii. 10 If he should through pride 
your doome undo, we d him pell th 4 
And in oe im here. x60x-2 Fursecke 1st Pt, 
Parail. 3 lf an infant make., a lease by dures, if the lessee 
enter, the infant may have an assise. Prynne Sov. Power 
Pari. u. 78 A Marri Bond, or deed made b: 
Menace, are in Law, and not meerly void, but voidable 
only upon a Plea and ‘Tryall. 1765 BLackstoxe Comm. 1. i. 
131 The constraint a man is under in these circumstances is 
called in law duress, from the Latin durities, of which there 
are two sorts; duress of imprisonment, where a man actually 
loses his liberty. .and duress fer winas, where the hardship 
is only th d and impending. 1768-74 Tucker Lt 
Nat. (1852) I. 550 The man was under duresse, and his act 


not posed w him by fi 1876 
Dicsy Real Prop. x. § 1. i 


force. 
milar principles a to 
conveyances by persons ier duress, that mt ng pres 
sure of illegal bodily restraint, or of danger to life or 
limb. 1896 W. T. Steav Pref. to Keble's Chr, Y. 2, I 
made the omissi with rel , under duress from the 
inexorable printer. 
b. ellipt. for plea of duress. 

31613 Six H. Fixcn Law (1636) 10 One imprisoned till he 
bee content to make an obligation .. being at large, yet he 
shall auoid it by dures of imprisonment. 

+Dure'ss, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] trans, To 
subject to duress, constraint, or oppression. Hence 
+ Dure‘ssor, he who subjects another to duress. 

a1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law xxii. (1636) 8x If 
the party duressed doe make any motion or offer, /d#d., If 
it had beene moved from the duressor, who had said [etc.). 

+ Duret. Ods. [Etym. obscure. (cf. OF. duret 
dim. of dur beet) kind i! beg oe 
t B & Zt 's Inn Stage 
‘The knights take their ladies to dance with them galliards, 
durets, corantoes. 

| Duretto. O%s. Also -etta, -ette, -etty. 
[a. It. duretto, dim. of duro hard:—L. duru-m 


ei ae 


DURGAH. 


hard.] A coarse or stout sort of stuff; app. so 
named from its durable quality. Also aétrid. 

16r9 Purcnas Microcosm. xxvii. 269 The new deuised 
names of Stuffes and Colours. .the lying names of Perpetu- 
ano and Duretto. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. cg 2) 27 
‘These Mohelians. .are cut and pinckt in several works, upon 
their duretto skins, face, armes, and thighs. 1639 Mayne 
City Match. v. in Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 222, I never durst 
be seen Before my father out of duretta and serge. 1641 
L. Roserts 7vvas. Traf. 41 Grograme-yarne of which is 
made Iames [? Janes], Grograms, Durettes, silke-mohers. 
1660 Act 12 Chas. II, c. 4 Sched., Durance or Duretty. 

|| Durgah (derga). Z. Jndies. Also durgaw. 

Z 


[Pers. aK dargah royal court; gate, door, large 


bench.} In India, ‘ The shrine of a (Mohammedan) 
saint, a place of religious resort and prayer.’ (Yule.) 

1793 Honces Trav. /ndia 87 On some of the highest of 
these hills I observed durgaws, or burial places, with little 
chapels annexed, belonging to the Mussulmans. 1845 
Srocqueter Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 293 In a durgah, 
or mosque outside the town, lie the bones of Chanda Sahib. 

m,-en. da/. [This and dial. durgy 
dwarfish, are app. derived from some of the forms 
mentioned under Dwarr.] An undersized person 
or animal ; a dwarf. 

1706 Puivurs (ed. Kersey), Durgen, a little thick and 
short Person; a Dwarf. 1730 Fieipinc 7om Thumb u. v, 
And can my princess such a durgen wed [2 e. Tom Thumb]? 
1890 Gloucester Gloss., Durgan, a name for an undersized 
horse in a large team. 

| Durian (dzr7-an, diierian). Also 6- durion, 
6-7 duryoen, 7 duroyen, 8 durean, 9g dorian. 
[Malay .» 3,9 durian, f. Se dirt, thorn, prickle : 
so called from its prickly coat (Marsden).] The 
oval or globular fruit of Durio sibethinus, N.O. 
Sterculiacex, a tree of the Indian Archipelago; it 
has a hard prickly rind and luscious cream-coloured 
pulp, of a strong civet odour, but agreeable taste ; 
also the tree itself. 

1588 Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 393 There is 
one, y* is called in the Malaca tongue Durion, and is so 
good that .. it doth exceede in savour all others that euer 
they had seene, or tasted. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7¥av. 
184 The Duroyen .. may be called an Epitome of all 
the best and rarest fruits. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xi. 319 
‘The Trees that bear the Durians, are as big as Apple Trees 
.. the Fruit .. as white as Milk, and as soft as Cream, and 
the taste very delicious. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. FE. 
Ind. U1. xxxix. 81 The Durean is another excellent Fruit, 
but offensive to some Peoples Noses, for it smells very like 
human Excrements, but when once tasted the Smell vanishes. 
1884 Q. Rev. Apr. 332 Loftiest in height as unrivalled in 
excellence of flavoured fruit, the royal durion. 1887 ANNA 
Forses /usulinde 111 The durian, of which Mr. Wallace 
says that it is worth a voyage to the East to taste it. 

g (ditierin), v/. sd. [f. DurE v.+-1NnG1.] 

1. The action of the verb DurE; duration. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. tv. pr. iv. 99 (Camb. MS.) Yif they 
weere of lengere durynge. 1382 Wycuir1 Esdras iv. 40 
Mageste of alle duringis aboue time [aevorum). 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 241 How shorte they [rychesse] 
be in during. a@ 1661 Futter Worthies ut. (1662) 38 Long 
the during thereof. : 

2. Hardening ; induration. In quot. aftrid. 

1804 Hull Advertiser 30 June 2/3 A Bark-Mill, three 
Leather-houses, two During-shades. 

fa. [f. as prec.+-ING%.] That 
4) Ha de 
dures ; lasting, continuing. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vii. x. (1495) 230 Fallynge 
euylles ben moost duringe and harde to heele. 1568 T. 
Howe tt Arb, Amitie (1879) 51 Nor canst thou .. stop the 
trumpe, that sounds hir during fame. 160x WeEEVER Mirr. 
Mart. Dj, Marble..and during Adamant. 1633 Br. Hatt 
Hard Texts, N. T, 226 Charity is a during and perpetual 
grace. 1850 BLackig “schylus II. 15 Close-linked chains 
of during adamant, 

& (ditierin), pres. pple. and prep. (con/.) 
Also 5 dewer-, 6 duering. 

+1. The pres. pple. of Durt uv. = enduring, lasting, 
continuing, was used in Fr. and Eng. in a con- 
struction derived from the Latin ‘ablative absolute’; 
thus L. vita durante, OF. vie durant, Eng. life 
during, while life endured or endures, 

©1440 Facob’s Well (E. E. T. S.) 271 Sche was comoun 
to alle pat wolde haue here, xv. 3ere durynge. 1480 Caxton 
Chron. Eng, \xxxviii. 72 She neuer was seyn among folke 
hir lyf durynge. 1523 Lp. Brrners /roéss. I. xxxviii. 52 
This sege durynge, ther were many skirmysshes. 1542-5 
Brinxtow Lament. lf. 12, 1..will continuallye, my lyfe 
duringe, praye vnto the euerlyuinge God. 

The participle also often stood before the sb., 
e.g. L. durante bello, ¥. durant la guerre, Eng. 
during the war; in which construction during 
came in the modern langs. to be treated as 

2. prep. Throughout the whole continuance of; 
hence, in the course of, in the time of. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol. 283 (MS. Gg. 4. 27) Stede- 
faste wedewys durynge alle here lyuys. a 1400-s0 A /evander 
1118 In damaging of Darius durand [Dué/in endurand] 
his lyfe. 14.. £p7ph. in Tundale’s Vis. 103 This contynued 
duryng mony ayere, 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. /V,221 An 
annuitie ofan.C, |.[£ roo] duryng his lyfe. 1585 T. WasHING- 
ton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xxii. 29 Al that which during our 
voyage was happened unto us. « 1648 Bury Wills (Camden) 
203 Dureing the terme of her naturall life. 1670 J. Smitu 
Eng. Improv. Reviv'd 77 Trees may live during the world. 
1678 Lapy Cuawortu in rath Rep. Hist. MSS. Seer App. 
v.49 Judge North, who supplies the Lord Ch lors place 


725 


during his being sicke. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) I. iv. 
281 During the course of seven hundred years. 1860 Tyn- 
DALL Glac, 1. xxiii. 161 During the night the rain changed 
to snow. 1885 Act 48 4 49 Vict. c. 58 § 2 The hours during 
which the offices. .shall be open, i 

+3. conj. While; until. (Also during that.) 
Obs. rare. [cf. F. durant que, pendant que.| 

1595 I. BepincFecp tr. Macchiavelli's Florentine Hist. 192 
During that these matters..were handled in Toscana. 1653 
Cloria & Narcissus 1. 308 To remaine .. during a necessary 
conveniency might also be had for the repairing of her own 
ship. 1693 A/em. Cnt. Teckely w. 32 During the Christians 
and the ‘urks were seeking one another for fighting. 

+Dwringly, adv. Os. [f. Durine ppl. a.+ 
-Ly.] Lastingly, continuously ; for a long time. 

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) Iv. xxvii. 72 Yeuen hym 
only to kepen hym duryngly.  cx1440 Facob's Well 
(E. E. T. S.) 246 Pe meke seruyth smertly, & ly3tly, & 
strongly, and duryngly. ¢1475 Rauf Coiljear 17 ‘he deip 
durandlie draif in mony deip dell. 

Duritike, obs. (erron.) form of Diuretic. 

+ Durity (diteriti). Ods. [ad. L. ditritas, n. of 
quality f. dirus hard. Cf. F. dure/é (13th c.), 
earlier OF. durté.] Wardness. /¢. and fig. 


1543 TRAHERON Vigo's Chirurg. u. iv. 19 Apostemes 


“ whyche encline to corruption thorough duritees and harde- 


nes. 1623 Cockeram, Duritie, harshnesse, crueltie, hard- 
nesse. 1646 Sir IT’. Browne Psend. Ep. u. i. 55(Chrystall] 
..commeth short of their [gemmes’] compactnesse and durity. 
1772 Tl. Nucent tr. Hist. Friar Gerund 1. 533 What motive 
could induce..to such durity severe. 1795 tr. Alercier’s 
Fragments 1. 154 Physical durity..engenders moral durity, 

Durk, -e, obs. forms of Dirk, Dark. 

Durling, -yng, obs. forms of Daruine. 

Durmast (ddimast). [A recent word. The 
first element is doubtful (see Note below); the 
second is Mast, fruit of forest tree.] A sessile- 
flowered sub-species or variety of oak (Quercus 
pubescens, or Q. sessiliflora): see quot. 1866, 
(Usually durmast-oak.) 

179t T. Nicnots Ods. on Oak Trees 24 There are two 
different sorts of oak growing in the [New] forest, one the 
true english..the other is called by the woodmen in the 
forest the dur mast oak, which I believe to be the second 
sort of oak, described by Mr. Miller..the wood of which is 
not so strong. 1792 Martyn Flora Rust. I, A branch 
..received from Mr. Nichols out of the New Forest, where 
it is known by the name of the Durmast Oak. 1841 Penny 
Cycl, XYX. 212/2 What is called the Durmast oak..seems 
to us a slight variety of Q. sessidiflora, with the leaves 
pubescent on the under side, 1866 77eas. Bot. 949 ‘The 
wood of Q. sessiliflora, or Durmastas it is called, is described 
as darker, heavier, and more elastic than that of Q. pedun- 
culata, less easy to split, not so easy to break, yet the least 
difficult to bend. 

[Nofe. The original authority for ‘ durmast’ appears to be 
Nichols, on whose information Martyn inserted it in his ed. 
of Miller’s Dictionary, whence it has passed into general 
book use. According to W. Atkinson in 7vans. Hort. Soc. 
(1833) I. 336, the name appears to have been mistaken: he 
says ‘The woodmen in the Forest call certain oaks that have 
dark-coloured acorns Dum-mast, but those dun-coloured 
acorns are found both of the Q. pedunculata and Q. sessili- 


Jiora; IV have raised trees from them, and consider them as 


only accidental varieties, and that the colour of the acorns 
may be occasioned by something peculiar in the soil’. (No 
ground has been found for connecting ‘durmast’ with F. 
durelin or Ger. diirreiche, varieties of the oak. Welsh derw 
is, of course, out of the question.)] 
nm (doin). Now dial. Forms: 4-7 dorne, 
5 dirn, dyrn, 6 doorne, 6-7 durne, 7 dourne, 
9g dern, durn. [Widely used in dialects, Lincoln- 
shire to Cornwall: app. from Norse. Cf. in same 
sense OSw. dyrni, Norw. dyrn, Sw. dial. dérne :— 
*durnja- deriv. of *duron, durn (Goth. pl. daurons, 
Crim-Goth. ¢hurz) door, f. dur- Door.] 
A door-post, when made of solid wood ; usually in 


pl. The framework of a doorway. 

¢ 1325 Gloss W.de Bzdizsw. in Wright Voc. 170 E entre 
la teste la suslyme [Gloss. over-slay, 47S. Cambr. hover- 
dorne], 1408 Nottingham Rec. Il. 58 Unum hostium 
cum dirnis de chelario., unum hostium et unum par de 
dyrnes. 1503 Churchw. Acc. Yatton (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 
127 For hewyng of y°® dornenys of y® seyd dor. 1591 Per- 
civaALL Sp. Dict. Batiente de puerta, the doornes of a 
doore, anta. c1600 Norpen Sec. Brit., Cornw. 59 The 
fayre freehewed stone wyndowes, the Durnes and wrowght 
Dorepostes, are converted to private mens purposes. 1630 
Churchw. Acc. Tavistock in Worth 7, Par. Acc. (1887) 44 
Paid Stephen Browne the mason for makinge of new durnes. 
1787 Grose Provinc. Gloss., Durn, gate-posts. N[orth]. 
thee Kincstey Westw. Ho ! xiv, (1861) 237 So 1 just put my 
eye between the wall and the dern of the gate, and I saw 
him come up to the back door. 1880 EZ. Cornwall Gloss., 
Derns, the wooden frame in which a door swings. 1886 
Cote W. Lincolnsh, Gloss. s.v. Door-dern, 1 am sure the 
doors were in, leastways the derns were. 1888 ELwortHy 
W. Somerset Word-bk., Durns, the frame of a door 7x situ 
applied to a solid door-frame. /id., Durn-head, the cross 
piece at the top of a door-frame. 

b. Mining. Durns (as a sing.), A frame of 
timbering ; also called Door-stEaD (b). 

1778 Pryce Min. Cornud, 166 If the ground is very loose 
on all sides, they make a Durns.. which for a Shaft is 
square like the frame of a window, and for an Adit is 
the same as a door case. 1877 tr. Cadlon's Lect. Minin, 
I. 257 (Cent. s.v. Set), A gallery requires what are call 
frames (sets or durnzes) for its proper support. 

Durn : see Dare v.! 

Durned, var. of DARNED, euphem. for DAMNED. 

1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly viii, It was the 
durndest misbegotten location. .that ever called itself a city, 


DUSH. 


1895 dag? sis Mag. Mar. 648/1 Palaces be durned ! 
cuse my French. 

| Duro (dzro). [Sp.: for peso duro hard or 
solid piastre.] ‘The Spanish silver dollar, or piastre. 

1832 W. Irvine Alhambra 39 \Stanf.) A peseta (the fifth 
of a duro, or dollar), 1869 in Mem. & Rem. ¥. D. Burns 
v. 81 The talk of the Brazilians was of Spanish duros, bales 
of cotton, and yellow fever. 

+ Durous, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. ditr-s hard + 
-ous.] Hard. 

1666 J. Smitu Old Age (ed. 2) 186 They [glandules] all of 
them vary much from their primitive tenderness and big- 
ness, and so become more durous. 

f Duroy (dtirois). Obs. Also 7 deroy. [Of 
uncertain origin: perh. Fr. dw vot of the king. 

Glossaire to Encyclopédie Méthodigque (1790) vol. I gives 
‘Durot, étoffe de laine, rase et stche, dans le genre de la 
tamise, mais moins large et plus serrée ’.] 

A kind of coarse woollen fabric formerly manu- 
factured in the west of England; akin to the stuffs 
called sammies. (Not the same as corduroy.) 

1619 Purcnas Alicrocosmt. xxvii. 269 The Colours of Gin- 
gelline, Grideline, Deroy, Elderado, Droppe du Berry. 1722 
Lond, Gaz, No. 6089/4 Wearing a grey Duroy Coat and 
Wastcoat. 1722 De For Col. Yack (1840) 331 Fine silk 
drugget and duroys.. 1769 De Foe'’s Tour Gt. Brit. 1. 93. 
1778 “ng. Gazetteer (ed. 2.) s.v. Somersetshire, The manu- 
factures are chiefly fine cloths, druggets, duroys, shalloons, 
serges. 1807 VANcouvER Agric. Devon (1813) 385 Those 
[manufactures] formerly carried on at North and South Mol- 
ton, consisted chiefly of duroys, serges, and other light cloths. 

|| Durra, dhurra (dura). Also dourra, 
doura,h, dura, doora(h, durrah, dhourra, 


[Arabic 5,3, 83 durxah, durrah.] A kind of corn, 


Ex- 


Indian Millet (Sorghum vulgare). 

1798 Marruus /opud. 1. x. (1806) I. 2t4 A little flat cake 
of barley or dourra. 1832 leg. Sudst. Food 117 Panicled 
Millet is the species most usually cultivated. .In India it is 
called jovaree ; in Egypt and Nubia dhourra. 1867 Baker 
Nile Tribut. 77 Yhe dhurra .. is the grain most commonly 
used throughout the Soudan. 1876 S. Manninc Land of 
Pharaohs 67 Riding through some fields of doorah and 
vetch. 1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nive vi. 140 The strip of 
oultivated soil, green with maize or tawny with doora. 

attrib. 1834 Penny Cycl. 11. 212/1 Dates, durra-bread, and 
fish, 1883 V. Sruarr Egyft 27 Coarse, reed-like dourra 
straw. 1885 7Zszes 3 Jan. r2 The whole district is busy just 
now with the durrah harvest. 

Durre, obs. f.. DAKE v.!, Door. 

Durst, pa. t. (and dial. pa. pple.) of Dare v1 

Durt, Durwe, obs. forms of Dirt, Dwarr. 

Durward, -warth, obs. forms of Doorwarp. 

+ Durze, v. dial. Obs. Also durse. intr. Of 
corn: To shed the grains, as when over-ripe. ¢vavs. 
To shake or beat out (corn) from the ear. 

1641 Best/arm. Bhs. (Surtees) 50 If they [mowers] shoulde 
not follow the corne, and goe with the winde, the oates 
woulde slipe and durze extreamely with the cradles. /dzi. 
52 [hey] remove things out of the way, fey up dursed 
corne, and lye strawe on the floores. 1674-91 Ray N.C. 
Words 23 Durz'd or Dorz'd out; it isspoken of Corn, that 
by Wind turning of it, etc. is beaten out of the Straw. /did. 
57 Corn—so dry that it easily durses out. 

Dus, obs. form of does, etc.: see Do v. 

Dusan(e, obs. form of Dozen. 

Duschet, obs. Sc..f. Doucer (sense 2), a kind of 
pipe or flute. 

I Leg. Bp. St. Androis 88 in Satir, Poems Reforn. 
xlv, Bot for to tell what text he tuike, Dysertis Duschet 
was the buike. /é7, 270 Vpon his duschet vpe he played. 

Duseanne, obs. form of Doucin. 

Duseliche, obs. form of Dizziry. 

+ Duseling. Os. [app. f. Ger. duselz to be 
dizzy. Cf. Dozzix.] Dizziness, giddiness. 

1561 Hotiysusu Hom, Afoth. 36a, If it is a hote humor 
.-he hath a duselynge. 

Duselle, obs. torm of Doss. 

Duseperys, var. DouzEPEers, Ods. 

Dusey, dusie, obs. forms of Dizzy. 

Dush (dof), v. Obs. exc. Sc. Forms: 4 dusshe, 
4-6 dusche, 6- dush. [Found in 14th c.: perh. 
a modification of Das, expressing the same kind 
of action with a suggestion of more muffled sound : 
cf, crash, crush. : 

But there aresimilar continental words, as Ger. dial. duschen, 
dtischen, dussen, to beat, strike, knock, box (see Grimm, 
s.v Dusen?); E.Fris, ddssen to beat, etc. Cf. Douse.) 

+1. zxtr. To move with violent impulse or col- 
lision ; to rush or strike forcibly against something ; 
to fall with a thud. Oés. 

13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1538 Such a dasande drede dusched 
to his hert. cx1400 Destr. 7roy 6410 He dusshet, of be 
dynt, dede to be ground. 1450 Henryson Mor. Fad. 37 
For dread of death hee dushed ouer ane Dyke And brack 
his neck. 1513 Douctas 4xeis x, vi, 109 Owt throw the 
scheyld..Duschit the dynt. F 

2. trans. To push or throw down violently. 

1785 Burns Vision i. 45, 1 glowr'd as eerie’s I'd_been 
dusht In some wild glen, 1825 BrockEtT N.C. Gloss., 
Dush, to push with violence, 1892 Northumd. Gloss., 
Dush, to thrust, to strike, (Ods,) 

Hence Du'shing vé/. sb. 

1340 Hamrore Pr. Consc. 7351 Raumpyng of devels and 
dyngyng and dusching, 

+ Dush, sd. Obs. exc. Sc. Also 4-6 dusch(e, 
dosche. [f.prec.vb.] A violent blow, stroke, or 
impact ; the sound of violent collision. 


DUSI. 


r Cognenn souee xt. ry se i sic duschis 
aft. c1400 Melayne 470 re ro pe crosse gane 
rusche, And in the Sara3ene ne it gaffe a dosch 


726 =, 

b. fig. To obscure, darken, cloud, sully. ° 
ce Pl. Crede 563 pe.. n tes of es Ww 
1s 


c Wyntoun Crom. 1x, xxvii. h for dusch, and 
dynt for dynt. 151 


Dovcias Atneis v. iii. 82 With mony 
lasche and dusche, carteris smat thar horsis fast in 
teyn, 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 144 


eav’n rattles wi’ the dunnerin’ > 

+ a. Obs., foolish: see Dizzy a. 1. 

+ Du'silec. Oés. [Early ME., f. dus#, Dizzy + 
-lec, -leke, -leche, suffix of action or function.] 
Foolishness, folly. i 

a 1aag Leg. Kath. 425 Nis bute dusilec al pet ha driued. 

5 i Du'sischip. Obs. i prec. + -SHIP.] _=prec. 

a 1223 Leg. Kath. 1817 To longe we habbed idriuen ure 
dusischipes. a 12ag Ancr. R. 182 Nout pet [sicnesse] sum 
kecched buruh hire owune dusischipe. 

Dusk (dusk), a. and sé. Forms: 3 deose, 
deosk, dose, 3-6 dosk, 5-6 duske, doske, 6- 
dusk. [Origin and phonetic history obscure. 

OE. had in the same, or an allied sense, dox, which, if 
=*dosc, would repr. an OTeut. *dusko-z :—-Aryan *dhuskos, 
to which Kluge refers also L. fuscus. The relation of mod. 
dusk to OE. dox, *dosc, presents some difficulties, both as 
to the vowel, and,-still more, in regard to the final consonant- 
group. Few of our words in -s& are of OE. origin; OE. 
-sc normally gives -shk in later English, e.g. in ash, dish, 
fish, bush, rush; so that from OE. dosc we should expect 
dosh, or, at least, as in the case of ask and tusk, ME. and 
mod. forms in -sh, and -x, beside the -sk form.] 

A. adj. (Now largely supplanted by dusky.) 

1. Dark from absence of light; dim, gloomy, 
shadowy ; dark-coloured, blackish ; dusky. (Now 
usually in reference to twilight: cf. B. 2.) 

[a 1000 Aldhelm Gloss (Anglia XIII. 28 No. 8) Furva, 
dohx. — OE. Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 239/35 Flava sfecte, 
of gleteriendum vel scylfrum hiwe ve/ doxum.] a 1225 
Auncr. R.94 Pe sihde pat is nu deosc her. ax1ago Sawdles 
Warde in Cott. Hom. 259 A3ein be brihtnesse ant te liht 
of his leor, be sunne gleam is dosc. a1450 Fysshynge 
w. Angle (1883) 34 The body of doske wull. 1496 B&. St. 
Albans, Fishing 9 Yelowe: grene: browne: tawney: 
russet: and duske colours. 1§13 DouGLas ners vil. 
Prol. 63 The grund stude barrand, widderit, dosk and gray. 
1 Mitton P. Z. x1. 741 Vapour and Exhalation, dusk 
and moist. 1703 MAUNDRELL ee FJerus. (1732) 72 As 
soon as it grew dusk. 1832 Ht. Martineau /reland v. 79 
Every evening, as it became dusk. 1847 TENNYSON Princess 
11. 5 As rich as moths from dusk cocoons. 

Jig. 1§73-80 Barer Aly. D 1375 Wisedome is made duske, 
or dimme by drinking of wine : it is obscured and darkened. 
+2. Obscure, veiled from sight or understanding. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 148 Pis word is deosk. 1583 STANYHURST 
AEneis 1. (Arb.) 62 My mother, the godesse (who was 
accustomed algats Eare this tyme present to be dusk), 


» S50. 

1. The quality of being dusk ; that which is dusk ; 
duskiness, shade; gloom (as of a forest). 

1700 Drypen Palamon & A.i. 77 Freckles.. Whose dusk 
set off the whiteness of the skin. 1705 STANHOPE Parafphr. 
I. 25 Frail Mortality will always have some Remains of 
Shadow and Dusk. 1 Tennyson /1 Mem. ii, And in 
the dusk of thee [Old Yew], the clock Beats out the little 
lives of men. 4 

2. The darker stage of twilight before it is quite 
dark at night, or when the darkness begins to give 
way in the morning. 

1622 Manse tr. Aleman’s Guzman d Alf. II. 313 Ie the 
duske of the evening. - 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 218, 
I would not fail waiting on her the Sunday following, after 
Dusk. 1833 J. Rennie A/ph, Angling 21 Light colours in 
the dusk of morning or evening, and dark colours in. .bright 
weather. 1893 Law Vimes XCV. 2638/2 The gardens of 
Lincoln's Inn will..be thrown open. .from three until dusk. 

Jig. 1755 YouNG Centaur v. Wks. 1757 IV. 233 To grope 
out our weary way, through the dusk of life, to our final home. 

Hence Du'skly adv.; Du'skness. 

1382 Wyciir 30d xxiii. 17 Dusknesse couerede my face. 
1531 Eryor Gov. 11. xxii, Paynfull diseases and sickenesses 
.. duskenesse of sight. 1844 Mrs. Browninc Drama of 
Exile Wks. 1889 I. 42 Shapes which have no certainty of 
shape Drift duskly in and out between the pines. 1864 
NEALE Seaton. Poems 68 Duskness and dreariness around. 
1880 W. Watson Prince's Quest 58 An eagle with wide 
wings outspread Athwart the sunfire hovering duskly red. 

Dusk, v. [f. Dusk a.; OE. had doxian, from 
dox. See Kluge Lngl. Studien XI. 511.) 

1. intr. To become dusk or dim ; to grow dark, 

{a1000 Vercelli MS. Mf. 23b, Ponne wannad he [dead 
body] and doxap; odre hwile he bid blac and schiwe.] 
c1a30 Hali Meid, 35 Pine ehnen schulen doskin. cr 
Cuaucer Knt.'s 7. 1948 Dusked hise eyen two and failled 
breeth. c1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. iv. (sa 6b, By process of 
yeres Their memory hath dusked. 1876 Morris Sigurd 
im. 217 The even dusketh o’er that sword-renowned close. 
1888 G. Gissinc Life's Morning xi. (1890) 169 When it 
— to dusk, Hood descended and supper was prepared. 

. To exhibit a dusky ————— 

1832 Tennyson Lady of Shalott i, Little breezes dusk 
and shiver. 1889 Mrs. Ranvotpn New Zve I. Prol. 2 
A copse of aspens dusked and shivered near the brink. 

2. trans. To make dusky or somewhat dark in 
colour; to darken, obscure; to dim. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. i, 2(Camb. MS.) The whiche 
clothes a dirknesse of a forletyn and a despised Elde hadde 
dusked and derked. 1549 Cuatoner Evasm, on Folly 
Q iv b, They goe about to duske mens eies with smoke. 
77 Sranvuurst Descr. /rel. in Holinshed (1807-8) VI. 51 

‘ou must not think that.. you may so easilie duske or 
dazell our cies. 1601 Hottanp P/iny I. 9 That shadow 
which dusketh the light of the Moone. 1869 Lowe. 
Cathedral xiii, Poet. Wks. 1890 1V. 47 The painted windows 
.. Dusking the sunshine which they seem to cheer. 


ng, which is in 
plots 33 [It] would .. dusk the lustre of his Name. Be 


ppl. a. 

©1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 204 (Mitz.) Hire cote armure is 
duskyd reed. Sen iver Ca ae e 
of the eyes, head aches, hotte and thyn reumes. 1 
—— agro = te wees) is blearde with 

yng shoes [=shows eats Hyperion u. 
Who travels from the dusking East. . oe 

Dusken (dz’sk’n), v. rare. [f. Dusk a.: see 
-EN5,] a. ¢vans. To make dusk or obscure. b. 
intr. To grow dusk. 

1sso Nicotts Thucyd. 163 The sayd Epigrame was not 
vtterly defaced, but yor 4 uskened or a eeed, that it myght 
be redde, thoughe..with. .difficultie. 1870 Lowe, Study 
Wind. 1. 10 Till twilight duskened into dark. 

+ Du'sketly, a. Obs. rare. [? erroneous form.] 
? Of somewhat dusky colour. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Aiija, An Ametisce a dusketli 
stone, brusk hit is calde in armys. 

Duskily (dz'skili), adv. [f. Dusky a. +-Ly*.] 
In a dusky, dim, or obscure manner; dimly. 

161r Cotcr., Odbscurement, obscurely, darkly .. duskily. 
r Mrs. RapcutrrE /talian vii, Those arches that stand 
duskily beyond the citadel. a@1851 Moir Poems, Deserted 
Churchyard iv, Or the crow that .. Sail'd through the 
twilight duskily. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton xvi. 

Duskiness (dz'skinés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being dusky; partial darkness or 
blackness ; dimness, gloom. 

1611 Coter., Obscurité, obscuritie, darknesse..duskinesse. 
1659 Hammon On Ps. xci. 5 Duskyness or twilight: 1775 
Boswett Let. to Fohnson 18 Feb. in Life, One of them 
{manuscripts]..does appear to have the duskyness of an- 
tiquity. a185r Moir Poems, Matin Carolii. 1861 L. L. 
Noste /cebergs 141 A gloomy duskiness drapes the cape. 

Duskish (dzskif), 2. [f. Dusk a. + -1sH.] 
Somewhat dusk or dusky; blackish ; partly obscure. 

I Patscr. 310/2 Doskysshe of colour, sonbz brun. 
1 Fieminc Panopl. Epist. 47 As duskish cloudes do 
darken dayes. 1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 61 Let them 
have rather a Duskish Tincture, then an absolute black. 
1741 Ricuiarpson Pamela (1824) I. 91 To return as soon as 
it was duskish. 1840 1. Hook in New Monthly Mag. LX. 
290 It was getting duskish. 182 D. R. Hay Nomenci. 
Colours (1846) 36 Described as a duskish red. 

q Used as sé. The time when it is near dusk, 

~~ S. Sewatt Diary 25 Oct. (1873) I. 436 About duskish 
we know there is a house on fire. 1745 Gentl. Mag. 105 
At duskish the Dreadnought was about 7 miles astern. 

Buskishly (dzskifli), adv. [f. prec. +-L¥?.] 
In a duskish manner; duskily ; obscurely. 

1589 Freminc Virg. Georg. v. 65 Purple hew .. dooth 
somwhat duskishly shine in the leaues. 1626 Bacon Sy/va 
§ 369 To burn duskishly. 1664 Perys rit d 27 Dec., The 
Comet appeared again to-night, but duskishly. 

Duskishness (dz‘skifnés). [f. as prec. + 
-nESS.] The quality of being duskish or slightly 
dark ; slight obscurity or dimness. 

1533 Evyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 52a, Fumositie ascendynge 
up into the head..causeth. .duskyshness of the sight. 1604 

iron Wks. 1. 497 Men in the duskishness of ignorance. 
1769 Winturor in PAZ. Trans. LIX. 356 There seemed to 
be a duskishness in the place of contact. 

Duskly, D ess: see after Dusk sd. 

(dv'ski), a. [f. Dusk a. (or ? sd.) +-¥1, 

The normal source of an adj. in -y is a sb.; but the sub- 
stantival use of dusk is not known so early as the appearance 
of dusky, so that the latter would appear to be one of the 
rare instances of a secondary adj.: cf. the parallel worth, 
worthy, murk (wird murky; also ready.) 

1. Somewhat black or dark in colour; dark- 
coloured ; darkish. 

Also used to ——_ animals or plants characterized 
this colour, as dusky ant, crane's-bill, duck, grebe, lark, 
petrel, etc. 

1558 Puarr Aeneid v.(R.), A showre aboue his head there 
steode, all dusky blacke with blew. 1590 Greene Never 
too late (1600) it No duskie vapour did bright Phoebus 
shroude. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 554 It is not greene, but of a 
duskie browne Colour. 1763 E. Stone in PAs. Trans. LUI. 
199 Of a light brown, tinged with a dusky yellow. 1827 

on.oK Course 7.v, Afric’s dusky swarms. 1860 TYNDALL 
Glac. 1. iii. 30 The ks in front deepened to a dusky 
neutral tint. 186x Miss Prarr Flower. Pi. 11. Dusky 
Crane's-bill. .flowers..of a dingy, a a black colour. 
1865 Woop Homes without H, vii. er ? 125 The Dusky 
Ant..generally prefers banks with a southern aspect. 

2. Somewhat dark or deficient in light; not 
bright or luminous; dim, obscure. 

1580 Sipney Ps, xxx. ix, Who dwell in duskie 7. 

x Suaxs, 1 Hen. VJ, u. v. 122 Here dyes the duskie 

‘orch of Mortimer, Choakt with Ambition of the meaner 
sort. 1667 Mitton ?. ZL. v. 667 Midnight brought on 
the duskie houre Friendliest to sleep and silence. 
Romans Hist, Florida 95 As soon as it is dusky they e 
a fire of dry pitch pine. 1826 Scorr Woodst, iii, One end 
of this long and dusky apartment. 1876 Davis Polaris Exp. 
vi. 168 From 4 to 5 in the evening, it is quite dusky. 

3. fg. Gloomy, melancholy. 

x60z Marston Ant. §& Mel. Induct., Wks. 1856 I. 3 Why 
looke you so duskie? /ééd. m1, ibid. 41, I .. fill a seat In 
the darke cave of dusky misery. 1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. 
24 That dusky scene of horror, that melancholy prospect. 
1762 FaLconer Shipwr,t. 195 Here no dusky frown prevails. 


DUST. 
4. Comb., as dusky faced, -raflered, tinted, et. 


ea 
Tuomson Autumn 1088 dusky-mantled lawn, 
Loner. Spirit eo The. .dusky-sa 
Watsu Moises, Ci 8 1. iii, pel ney 
Hence Du’skyish a., somewhat dusky. 
1794 Mrs, Ravcuirre Myst. Udolpho xxv, ‘Yoo far off to 
*"t Dusky, a Gieie Dosnz xh a 
. 4 a. . ‘Bo 
make or render dusky. 


1567 Maptet Gr. Forest 19 It is not 
aul, = . oe is so soone dulled or 


, erroneous form of DysopILe. 

Duspers, dussiperes, var. DouzEPers. 

Dussel, obs. form of Dossit, plug. 

.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 579/11 Docillus, a dussel. 
ussen, -on, obs. forms of Dozen. 

|| Dusserah (dv'sé:a). Z./ndies. Also dusrah, 
desserah, dasserah. [a. Hindi dasahra@, Marathi 
dasra, Skr. dagahara.] A Hindu annual festival 
extending over nine nights (or ten days) in the 
month Jaishtha (Sept.—Oct.). 

r Sir J. Matcotm in Trans. Bombay Lit. Soc. (1820) 
IIL. 73 (4it/e) On the instituti cer ies of the 
Hindoo Festival of the Dusrah. 1813 J. Forses Oriental 
Mem. 1V. 97 \Y.) This being the desserah, a great Hindoo 
festival..we resolved to ets our departure and see some 
part of the ceremonies. 1849 Benares Mag. 11.1 Our fiiends 
+. are coming over to spend the Dasserah with us. 1889 
Daily News 7 Oct. 5/6 The Mahommedans have built a 
mosque in a street through which the Hindoo procession 
passes on the occasion of the Dusserah festival. 

Dussie, obs. Sc. var. Doucet (sense 2), a kind 
of pipe or flute: cf. DuscHEr. 

1583 Leg. Bp. St. Androis 180 in Satir. Poems Reform. 
xlv, Het his dussie for a spring. 

er, obs. form of DozENER. 

Dust (dzst), sd.1 Forms: 1- dust ; also 3(Orm.) 
dusst, 3-5 doust‘e, 4 dost, 4-6 duste. [OE. di/st 
(later prob. dust) = OF ris. and EFris. dst, OLG., 
MLG., LG. dust, MDu. donst, dunst, dist fine 
flour, Kilian duyst, donst, dist, mod.Du. duist 
meal-dust, bran, ON. dust dust, Da. dyst mill- 
dust. All these go back to an earlier dunst, whence 
also Ger. dunst vapour ; the — notion being 
app. that which rises or is blown in a cloud, like 
vapour, smoke, or dust. See Kluge, and Franck. 

1. Earth or other solid matter in a minute an 
fine state of subdivision, so that the particles are 
small and light enough to be easily raised and 
carried in a cloud by the wind ; any substance com- 
minuted or pulverized; powder. (Rarely in pt) 

Often extended to include ashes and other refuse from a 
house: cf. Dust-s1n, etc. 

c 825 Vesp. Psalt. xviili). 43 Swe swe dust biforan onsieme 
windes. ¢ 1000 Sax. Locke 1. 290 Jedrigede & to eye 


lon duste 3 de. c1205 Lay. Penne he pat 
dust [c 1275 doust] heze A3iued from ecard! 1340 Ayend. 
108 Of motes and of doust wyp-oute tale. 1398 Trevisa 
Barth. De P. R. xv. clix. (1495) 708 To clense houses of 
duste. c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 112 Bray hem al to doust 
in amorter. 1583 Hottysanp Campo di Fior 367 Beate 
these upper hose that the dust maye come out. 1620 
Nottingham Kec, 1V. 367 P: -for nge theire 
dust and ashes into ihe highe way. 1760 Westey rnd, 
19 Aug., We had .. showers, which .. laid the dust. 1886 
A, Wincneit Walks & Talks Geol. Field 212 Clouds of cos- 
mic dust intervene between us and the sun. Daily 
News 26 June 8/3 Of the whole of the dusts tested, that from 
the Albion Colliery .. excelled all others in violence and 


to expl 
b. The fine or small particles separated in any 
process: cf. sawdust ; spec. (see quot. 1828). 

1552 Hutoet, Duste of corne, mettall, or anye other thinge 
that commeth of fylyngs and clensing. 1598 Sc. Acts 
Fas. VI (1814) 179 Jam.) os dir for dust and seidis 
as gif the samyn wes guid F Dicey Nat. Bodies 
(1645) I. 22 It will .. swimme wu water like dust of 

1794 T. Davis Agric. Wilts in Archeol. Rev. (1888 
Mar., Cave, or dust, the chaff of the wheat and oats wi 
is generally given to the horse. 1828 Craven Dial., Dust, the 
small particles separated from the oats in the act of shelling. 
ce. Apoied to the pollen of flowers. 

x irnErinGc Brit, Plants 1. xxii, The fine dust or 

that is contained in the Tips, is thrown upon the Sum- 
mit of the Pointal, 1807 J. E. Siri Phys. Bot. The 
Pollen, or Dust, is contained in the Anther, 1 H. 
Drummonp Ascent of Man aor The butterfly and the bee.. 
carry the fertilizing dust to waiting stigma. 

2. With aand f/, a. A grain of dust, a minute 
particle of dry matter; b. in Cookery, etc., a small 
* pinch’ of something in the form of powder. 

1593 Suaks. Rich. J/, 11. iii. gt Why haue these banish’d 
ad Dar'd once to touch a Dust of Englands Ground? 
1595 — Yohkn ww. i. 93 A graine, a dust, a gnat, a wandering 

ire. 


bounded number. 1 
archy 52 Wealth ai 


fame A bubble or a dust, 1784 M. 
Unverwoon Treat. Dis. Children (1799) 1. i! ith, or 
without, a dust of grated nutmeg. a 1854 C. Sournry 
Poet. Wks, (1867) 5° If a mote, a hair, a dust prepond On 
Inclination’s side, down drops the scale. rae i 
e. (With a) A cloud of dust floating in the air, 
such as is raised by a vehicle eon or a crowd 
walking over dust und, or by sweeping, etc. 
pepe 21 D. Pett Impr. Sea 188 Oh 
what a dust do I raise. Oracle in Spirit Pub. Frnis. 
(1807) X. 53 To kick up the d—I of a dust in Rotten-row. 
Mod. What a dust you are making ! F 


DUST. 


8. transf. and fig. (from 1.) a, That to which 
anything is reduced by disintegration or decay; 
spec. the ‘ashes’, or mouldered remains of a dead 
body. Also in phrases denoting the condition of 
being dead and buried (/aid in the dust, etc.). 

?ax1000 Martyrol. (E. E. T. S.) 74 Pat hi mihton mid 
heora handum recan ond niman pes halgan dustes. ¢1350 
Wilt. Palerne 4124 Many a day hade i be ded and to dust 
roted. 1, ycuiF Ps. xxi{i]. 16 Thou hast brou3t forth 
me in to the dust of deth. 1602 Saks. Ham. v. i. 225 Why 
may not imagination trace the Noble dust of Alexander, 
till he find it stopping a bunghole? 1676 I. Matuer His?. 
K. Philip's War (1862) 38 That Great Author, unto whose 
dust .. I owe a sacred Reverence. 1750 Gray Elegy xi, 
Can Honour’s voice provoke the silent dust? 1803 A7/ed. 
¥rnl. 1X. 263 One, without whose friendly aid the hand 
which writes this would long since have been in the dust. 
1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. III. xi. § 2. 40 Worthier dust 
lies east and west of him. 

b. Applied to the mortal frame of man (usually 
in reference to Gen. ii. 7, iii. 19). 

crooo AELFRIc Gen. iii. 19 For ban be pu eart dust, and to 
dust wyrst. b/d. xviii. 27 Nu ic ene begann to sprecanne 
to minum Drihtene ponne ic eom dust and axe. @ 1175 
Cott. Hom. 223 Pu zart dust, and pu awenst to duste. 1388 
Wycuir Ps. ciifi]. 14 He bithou3te that we ben dust. ¢1450 
tr. De Imitatione 11. ix. 76 Pou3 I be dust & asshen. 
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Burial, Earth to earth, 
asshes to asshes, dust to dust. 1613 Purcuas Plerimage 
(1614) 11, How covetous, how proude is dust and ashes of 
dust and earth. 1814 Cary Dante, Par. 11. 133 The soul, 
that dwells within your dust. 18.. Sir R. Granr Hymn, 
*O worship the King’ v, Frail children of dust, And feeble 
as frail. ; q aoe 

¢e. In phrases denoting a condition of humiliation. 
a@ 1340 Hampote Psalter Cant. 501 Raysand pe nedy out 
of dust. CoverDAte Ps. Ixxi{i]. 9 His enemies shal 
licke the dust. xg59t SHaks. 1 Hen. VJ, v. iii. 29 Now 
France, thy glory droopeth tothe dust. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
iv. 416 The Power..That rais’d us from the dust and plac’t 
us here. 1718 Watts Ps. li. 11. vi, My soul lies humbled 
in the dust. 1850 Tennyson /z Mem, Prol. iii, Thou wilt 
not leave us in the dust. 1894 C. N. Ropinson Brit. Fleet 
186 The Navy that.. humbled to the dust the pride of France. 


d. As the type of that which is worthless. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 23786 For a littel lust, A druri pat es bot 
adust. 1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 282 Thus whiles they 
search for gold and silver, they search for dust and sand. 
1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy, u. (1711) 168 A Long-boat he 
[the whale] values no more than Dust. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India I. tv. ix. 296 The rights conferred by charter [were] 
treated as dust. ; 

e. In other figurative uses. 

1620 'T. Grancer Syntag. Logic. 382 Besprinkled with the 
powder, or dust of veniall imperfections. 1682 EARL oF 
AncLesea Pref. to Whitelocke’s Mem., The dust of action 

had] never fallen on his gown. 1699 BentLey Pad. (1836) 
I. 29 The very dust of his writings is gold. 

4. Phrases. Zo shake the dust off one's feet (in 
allusion to Matt. x. 14, etc.), Zo throw dust in 
the eyes of: to confuse, mislead, or dupe by making 
‘blind’ to the actual facts of the case. 70 dite the 
dust: to fall to the ground ; esf. to fall wounded 
or slain. (See also 3, 5.) 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 14 Asceacab pet dust of eowrum 
fotum. 1382 Wyctir Matt, x, 14 Jee goynge forth fro that 
hous, or citee, smytith awey the dust fro 3oure feet. 158 
Perris Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 27 b, They doe nothing 
else but raise a dust to doe out their owne eies. 1612 Cré. 
& Times Yas. I (1849) I. 169 To countermine his under- 
miners, and, as he termed it, to cast dust in their eyes. 
1767 FrankLin Wks. (1887) IV. 79 It required a long dis- 
course to throw dust in the eyes of common sense. 1856 
C. J. Anpersson Lake Ngami 94 In the course of half an 
hour, he had twice bitten the dust. /déd. 363 He.. had made 
numerous lions bite the dust. 1862 CoLeNnso Pentateuch 6, 
I was not able long to throw dust in the eyes of my own. 
mind and do violence to the love of truth in this way. 

5. fig. (from 2c.) Confusion, disturbance, com- 
motion, turmoil (as of a conflict in which much 
dust is raised); formerly chiefly in phr. Zo razse 
a dust, to make a disturbance ; now only with con- 
scious reference to the literal sense (exc. as in b). 

c1570 Marr. Wit & Science v. v. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 
390 A doughty dust these four boys will do, 1649 Br. Hatt 

‘ases Conse. ae 220 This particular concerning Tithes 
hath raised no little dust in the Church of God. 1700 
‘T. Brown tr. Fresny’s Amusem. Ser. & Com. 118 That 
quarrel and raise a Dust about nothing. 1784 Cowrer 
Yask 11. 161 Great contest follows, and much learned dust 
Involves the combatants. 1845 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) 
I. 4 Entering heart and soul into the dust and heat of the 
Church's war with the world. 

b. Hence (slang or collog.) A disturbance, up- 

‘ ake} j ? ? 
roar, ‘row’, ‘shindy’. 

1753 A. Murpny Gray’s-Inn_ Yrni. No. 50 Mr. Buck..will 
-.then adjourn to kick up a Dust. 77) Westm, Mag. Ul. 
380 Several of the company, not satis: ua -. in the language 
of the Bucks, kicked up a dust. 180§ F. D. Romney in 
Naval Chron. X1V. 433 This dust has cut me up. 7859 
De Quincey Ceylon s. XII. 16 Soon there would be 
a dust with the new master. 

6. slang. Money, cash; esp. in phr. down with 
the (+your) dust. 

[1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 23b, Neuer wery to 
labour for this erthly dust & rychesse,] 1607 G, ae 
Miseries Enforced Marr. w. in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 531 
Come, down wah ek ee 1691 H. Maypman in Naval 

Aron. XV. 210 He .. is not willing to down with his dust. 
1753 SMottetT Ct. Fathom (1813) I. 122, I have more dust 
in my fob than all these powdered sparks put together. 
@ 1845 Hoop Dean § Chapter ii, And make it come down 
with the dust, 


727 


7. =DUST-BRAND. In recent Dicts. 

8. Comb. a. attrib. Consisting of or relating to 
dust, as dust-atomy, -bath, -cloud, -heap, -particle, 
-whirl; used for the reception or conveyance of 
dust, as dust-basket, -cart, -cellar, -wharf, -yard. 
b. objective and obj. genitive, as dust-collector, 
-contractor, -licking adj., ~producing adj., -shovel- 
ling, -sifter, -sifting, -throwing. ¢@. instrumental 
and locative, as dust-begrimed, -born, -covered, 
-creeping, -laden, -polluted, -sotled adjs. d. simi- 
lative, as dust-dry, -grey adjs.; also dust-like adj. 

1839 BaiLey Festus vi. (1848) 59 Are not all equal as *dust- 
atomies? 1626 ‘1. Loate in 1244 Rep. Hist. MSS. Commi. 
App. Iv. 478 George’s desk, and his sword, and a *dust basket. 
1891 C. James Rom. Rigmarole 33 Taking a *dust-bath there 
in the centre of the roadway. 1870 Bryant //éad I. x1. 339 
Blood-stained and *dust-begrimed. 1 Sytvester Du 
Bartas u. i. ut. Lutposture 483 Vill... Death .. Thy *dust- 
born body turn to dust again. 1776 Envick London 1. 187 
A tumbrel or *dust-cart. 1812 Sporting Mag. XX XIX. 21 
pri sac of carriage from the chariot to the dust-cart. 
1849 HITTIER Wife of Manoah 16 'Vhe thick *dust- 
cloud closed o’er all. 1851 MayuHew Lond. Lad. (1861) 11. 188 
Eispes) The *dust-contractors are likewise the contractors 
for the cleansing of the streets. @ 1847 Exiza Cook Old 
Clock i, Thy *dust-covered face, 1580 Sipney Arcadia 
(1622) 97 Such a “*dust-creeping worme as I am. 1879 
Browninc Ned Bratts 4 Ponds drained *dust-dry. 1882 
Oumwa Maremma 1. 51 The misty scorching *dust-grey 
shores. 1654 Trapp Covi. F's. xiii. 8 Such *dust-heaps are 
found in every corner. a 1847 Exiza Cook Grandfather's 
Stick xi, ‘The *dust-laden carpets. 1808 R. A. D. Zo 
France in Poet. Reg. 1806-7, 170 Blood-drinking tyrants, 
or *dust-licking slaves! 1621 Lapy M. WrotH Uvaxia 227 
*Dust-like Dispaire may with me liue. 1887 Pad/ M/all G. 
ro Aug. 5/1 Operatives engaged in uecpreductey trades. 
1889 Pall Mall G. 5 Mar. 3/1 ‘The female *dust-sifters had 
just completed their ablutions. 1890 /éid. 26 Aug. 2/3 The 
Ottoman art of *dust-throwing in the eyes of Europe. 188 
Courier 16 June 2/2 To let or sell to the Board a *dust-wharf. 
1886 Frul. Franklin Inst. CXX1. 247 (Cent.) The forma- 
tion of a *dust-whirl as it suddenly bursts upon you in the 
open street. ; 

e. Special combs.: dust-ball, a concretion of 
the dust of corn sometimes formed in the intestine 
of the horse, and giving rise to disease; dust- 
brush, a brush for removing dust from furniture, 
etc. ; dust-chamber (in an ore-roasting furnace), 
a closed chamber in which the heavier products of 
combustion are collected; dust-cloak, a cloak 
worn to keep off the dust (so dust-coat, -gown, 
-wrap); Aust-cloth, (2) a cloth for wiping off dust 
(=Duster 1); (4) a cloth placed over something 
to keep off dust ; dust-colour, the colour of the 
ordinary dust of the ground, a dull light brown ; 
hence dust-coloured adj.; dust-cup (see quot.): 
dust-destructor : see DESTRUCTOR 2; dust-devil; 
see DEVIL 11; +dust-gold, gold dust; dust- 
guard, a contrivance to keep off dust from the 
axle and bearings of a wheel, or on a bicycle from 
the dress of the rider; dust-hole, a hole or re- 
ceptacle in which dust and refuse are collected, 
a dust-bin; dust-louse, an insect of the genus 
Psocus ; Aust-pan, a utensil for catching dust as it 
is swept from a floor, etc. ; dust-plate (see quot.) ; 
dust-shoot, a place where dust and refuse are shot 
or deposited ; dust-shot, the smallest size of shot ; 
+ dust-spawn, offspring or progeny of the dust ; 
dust-storm, a tempest in which large clouds of 
dust are raised and carried along; +dust-tempered 
a., mingled or composed of dust; dust-thread, 
dust-way (xonce-wds.), applied to the stamens 
and pistils of flowers, as respectively producing 
and conveying the pollen (see 1c); dust-woman, 
a woman employed in sifting dust and refuse ; 
+ dust-worm, a ‘worm of the dust’, a mean or 
grovelling person. See also Dust-iy, etc. 

1828 WesstER, *Dust-brush, 1883 Truth 31 May 768/1 
With our *dust-cloaks and some yards each of brown gauze, 
we defied the great Dust Demon. aig Braptey fam. 
Dict. s.v. Draught horse, They must with a *Dust-cloth wipe 
off all the Dust that lies on the Horse. 1884 TENNYSON 
Becket v. ii, A slut whose fairest linen seems Foul as her 
dust-cloth, if she used it. 1872 Punch 6 July 7/1 He arrives 
in a white *dustcoat. 1607 Torseit Four-/. Beasts (1658) 
3, Apes..both red, black, green, *dust-colour, and white 
ones, 1798 BLoomrieLp Farmer's Boy (1837) 14 The small. 
*dust-coloured beetle. 1861 Dickens Gt. £xfect. xliii, A 
man in a dust-coloured dress, 1884 F. J. Brirren Watch 
& Clockm. 99 [The} *Dust Cup..a guard fitted round the 
fusee arbors of watches and chronometers to exclude dirt. 
1892 R. Kiptinc East § West 31 in Barrack-r. Ballads 77 
It’s up and over the Tongue of Jagai, as blown *dust-devils. 
go. 1665 Phil. Trans, 1. 117 A..way of washing out very 
small *Dust-gold. 1802 Mrs. J. West /ufidel Father 1. 23 
Her homespun *dust-gown. 1888 Euginger LXV. 297 
The *dust-guard is made of sycamore wood, and is either 
in one or two parts, x81 L. M. Hawkins C'tess § 
Gertr,, *Dust hole. 18: Dickens Sk, Boz, Streets i, 
A rakish-looking cat .. bounding first on the water-butt, 
then on the dusthole. 1861 — G?, Exfect. xii, She..got 
out the *dustpan.. and began cleaning up toa teritle 
extent. 188 Raymonp Mining Gloss., *Dust-plate, a 
vertical iron plate, supportitig the slag-runner of an iron 
blast furnace. 1883 Pad/ M/al/ G. 27 Dec. 12/1 Each tene- 
ment has a separate. .coal-place, copper and *dust-shoot. 
1800 Sporting Mag. XVI. 273 Used to kill small birds for 
their plumage, with *dust shot. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon 


DUST. 


xi. (1864) 352 Mine was a double-barrel, with one charge of 

B, and one of dust-shot. 1598 Sy_vester Du Bartas u. 
ii. . Babylon 178 See .. these *dust-spawn, feeble dwarfs. 
1627-47 FeL.tHam Resolves 1. xi. 30 Poore *dust-tempered 
man. 1879 Jas. Grant in Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 95/1 
He showed that the stamina, or *dust-threads, were the 
male, and the pistilla, or *dust-ways, the female parts of the 
plants. 185x MayHew Lond. Labour (1861) 11. 162 The 
calling of the dustman and *dustwoman is not so much as 
noticed in the population returns. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 
1, ii, 111. xii. (1651) 116 Never satisfied, a slave, a *dust-worme. 

+ Dust, 50.2 Obs. rare. [cf. Dust v.2: also 
Doust.] A stroke, blow. 

1611 Cotcr., Excez de main non garnie..a cuffe, or 
dust with the fist. 

Dust, v.! [f. Dust 54.1: cf. ON. dusta to dust. 

‘The connexion of senses 7 and 11 is obscure, and it is not 
certain that they belong here. Cf. Dusr v.?] 

+1. zntr. To be dusty; to rise as dust. Ods. 

1223 Ancr. R. 314 3if hit dusted swude, heo vlasked 
water peron, & swoped hit ut awei. 

+2. a. ¢vans.'Yo reduce to dust, or to small 
particles like dust. b. zt. To crumble to dust. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 135/2 Dustyn, pulverizo. 1580 
Hoitypanp 77eas. Fr. Tong, Pouldrer, to dust. 1636 
W. Denny in Ann. Dubrensia (1877) 16 When thy name 
fades ; Marble pillars shall Dust into nothing. 1686 Goap 
Celest, Bodies 11. ii. 417 He can crumble a Showr into a 
Drisle, or Dust it into a Fog. 

8. ¢rans. To sprinkle with dust or powder. 

1592 GREENE Art Conny Catch. 1. 19 He being thus 
dusted with meale. 1764 Harmer Odserv. xxix. vi. 288 
Shimei’s behaviour .. who .. threw stones, and dusted him 
with dust. Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 33 
Dust them with flour. 1859 VeNNent Ceylon I]. vu. v. 
367 Dusting themselves with sand. 

b. ref. Of birds ; also zntr. for ref. 

1789 G. Waite Sedborne 1, ix. (1853) 185 Let me hear.. 
whether skylarks do not dust. 1872 Back Adv. Phaeton 
x. 144 The partridges that were dusting themselves in the 
road, 1884 SprEpy Sort xv. 267 [Partridges] prefer, as a 
rule, places where they can ‘dust’ and bask in the sun. 

c. 7o dust the eyes of (fig.: see Dust 50.1 4); 
also (slang or colloq.) ¢o dust, in same sense. 
_ 1814 Stock Exchange Law Open 11 This is termed ‘ Dust- 
ing the public’. 1867 FrouvE “ss. 401 Instead of dusting 
our eyes with sophistry. 

4. To soil with dust ; to make dusty. 

1530 Parser. 530/2 You have dusted your cappe, let one 
go brusshe it. 1624 R. Skynner in Ussher’s Lett. (1686), 
Dust thy self in the dust of their Feet. 1848 FroupE Nemesis 
of Faith (1849) 154 We go out..and dust our feet along its 
thoroughfares. 1886 A. Lane Lett, Dead Authors 194 Dust- 
ing your ruffles among the old volumes on the sunny stalls. 

+b. zutr. To become dusty. Odés. 

1625 J. Puicurs Way to Heaven 52 The Booke..lay 
dusting and out of vse, 

5. To strew or sprinkle as dust. 

1790 WepGwoon in PAzl. 7raus. LX XX. 314 nole, A little 
of it is applied, or even dusted only, on the bottom of a 
small cup made of clay. 1806 Cudina 74 Dust in a little 
flour. 1884G. H. Boucuton in Harper's Mag. Sept. 528/1 
We never dusted on enough [pepper] to please him, 

6. To free from dust; to wipe or brush off the 
dust from. 

1568 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr. (1619) 708'2 The 
French riddles (with which they dust their corne) a 1577 
Gascoicne Flowers, etc. Wks. (1587) 180 Yea when he 
curried was and dusted slike and trimme. 1713 STEELE 
Guardian No. 60 ? 2 It became my province once a week to 
dust them [books] 1843 Mrs. Cartytr Let?. 1. 267 I went 
about sweeping and dusting. 1894 Hatt Caine Manxman 
52 [She] was. .dusting the big shells on the mantelpiece. 

b. Zo dust a person’s coat, jacket, etc. : to beat 
him soundly. co//og. (Cf. sense 7.) 

x690 W. WaLker /diomat. Anglo-Lat. 154 I'll dust your 
coat for you. 1698 Farquuar Love & a Bottle v.ii, Vell me 
presently.. sirrah, or I'll dust the secret out of your jacket. 
1771 SMoLLeTT Humph. Cl. I. 3 June, With a good oak 
sapling he dusted his doublet. 1884 L. J. JeNnincs in 
Croker Papers 11. xiv. 49 The threat to dust the author's 
jacket, for the gratification of private malice. 

7. a. trans. To beat, thrash. b. zntr. To strike, 
hit. [But the place of these is doubtful : cf. Dust v.?] 

1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger (Farmer) If..she be good, 
to dust her often hath in it a singular..vertue to make her 
much better. ¢16rz CuapMan //iad xvi. 544 Another ston 
dart As good as Hector'’s he let fly, that dusted in the nec 
Of Sthenelaus. 

8. trans. To brush, shake, or rub off as dust. 

1775 S. J. Pratt Lib. Opinions (1783) 1V. 63 Boy, dust 
away the crumbs with your hat. 1887 Stevenson Under- 
zvoods 1. xxxviii, A strenuous family dusted from its hands 
The sand of granite, 

9. ‘To pass (any one) on the road, so as to expose 
him to the dust of one’s horse or wheels ; to make 
one ‘take the dust’; to outride. U.S. and Colonzal. 

1890 BoLprewoop Col. Reformer (1891) 419 I could have 
dusted any of ’em with Ben. . 

10. intr. To ride or go quickly, hasten, hurry, 
make off; also, to dust tt. (Now U.S. slang or 
collog.) 

1655 H. VauGuan Silex Scint, 1, Rules §& Lessons (1858) 

5 Stick thou To thy sure trot ,. Let folly dust it on, or lag 

hind. 31884 A, A. Putnam 10 Years Police Fudge xvii. 
166 He’s throwing dust, but he dusted off with the horse all 
the same, : r p 

+11. trans. To drink quickly, ‘toss off’ (liquor). 

1673 SHapweLt Epsom Wells ut. Wks. 1720 II. 241 Clod- 
pate is to dust his stand of ale, and he must be bubbled. 
@ 1680 Butter Kem. (1759) Il. 447 A Prodigal .. dusts his 
Estate, as they do a Stand of Ale in the North. a1700 B. E, 
Dict. Cant. Crew, Dust it away, drink quick about. 


DUST. 


+ Dust, v.2 Ods. Pa. t. 3-4 duste, deste. 
[A ME. word, of which the earlier history does 
not appear. 

The pa. t. deste beside duste, and the rime in Ferumbras, 
show that the ~ was #, pointing to an OE. *dystax (:- 
*dustjan), of which, however, no examples have been found. 
The Norse words cited by MAtzner, Icel. dust a ‘tilt’, Sw. 
dust a ‘brush’ with any one, Da. dys¢ ‘tilting, fighting, 
shock ’, aj r to be later words, and are app. not related. 
Of an OE. dystan, early ME. diisfen, the normal mod. 
Eng. repr. would be ds¢; but dust (cf. BLusn) would also 
be possible; in which case senses 7 and 11, under Dust v.1, 
may possibly belong here, thonak the wide chronological 
gap is against this.] : 

1. trans. To cast forcibly or violently, fling, dash. 

a3225 St. Marher. 12 Ant duste him adunriht to pere 
eorde. /bid.18 Pa ward pe reue wod, ant bed. .dusten hire into 
pe grunde. ara2g Leg. Kath. 984 Pu underfes pet an half, 
Gat dcne: adun pet r. Ibid. 1094 He is godd seolf, 
duste dead under him. a1225 Fuliana 38 Ant te preo 
children. .beon idust in be fur of pe ofne. ¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 
52 Thet..non harm hyne don deste, In mode. 

b. intr. To dash, throw oneself violently. 
¢ 1320 Sir Tristr. 2393 Vrgan lepe vnfain, Ouer pe bregge 


he deste. : ; : 
2. To strike or hit with violence. See also 
Dust z.! 7. 


a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2025 Pis wes unease iseid, bat an engel 
ne com..And duste hit (the wheel] a swuch dunt bat hit 
bigon to claterin. c1380 Sir Ferumb, 2855 [He] heuid vp 
ys honde, & bar-wip an pe heued him duste [ime vuste 
* fist’). 

Dust-bin, du'stbin. A bin or receptacle for 
the dust, ashes, and other refuse of a house. 

1848 Dickens Dombey xvii, The Captain's nosegay was 
swept into the dust-bin next morning. 1895 Parkes Health 
37 The old-fashioned brick dustbin. 

Dust-box. 

1. A box from which ‘dust’, i.e. fine sand or 
powder, is sprinkled on something (e.g. on writing, 
for the purpose now served by blotting-paper ; 
also, on a prepared photographic plate). 

1581 Mutcaster Positions iii. (1887) 34 Incke and paper, 
..a deske anda dustboxe. 1894 Brit. Frnl. Photog. XLI. 
33 Place some pulverised asphaltumina dust-box ’', agitate 
it, and allow the particles to settle down upon the plate. 

2. A box or receptacle for the dust of a house. 


Dust-brand. [f. Dust s).1+ Branp 3d. 7: ef. 
Ger. staub-brand.] A disease of corn, in which the 
ears become filled with a black powder ; the fungus 
which causes this. Also called smut. 

1861 H. Macmitian Footn. fr. Nat, 268 By farmers it is 
familiarly called smut or dust-brand. 1866 7'reas. Bot. 435 
Dust brand, Usérlago. 

Dusted (dz'stéd), AA/. a. [f. Dust v.1+-Ep1.] 

1. Sprinkled with dust or powder ; powdered. 

1643 5 Years of K. Fames in Select. Harl. Misc. (1792) 
293 Yellow bands, dusted hair, curled, crisped, frizzled, 
sleeked skins. 1806 J. GRAHAME Birds Scot, 28 The spa- 
cious door White-dusted tells him, plenty reigns around. 
1870 Morris £, Par. 1V. 383 The purple-dusted butterfly. 

. Cleansed or freed from dust. 

1686 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. 59 A handful. of clean 
dusted Hempseed. 

Buster (dz'star). [f. Dest v.! or-sb.14+-ER1.] 

1. A cloth for removing dust from a surface; 
+a dust-brush. 

1576 Turwerv. Venerie 30 A litele brush orduster to rubbe 
and duste his houndes. 1611 Cotcr., Vistempenard, a 
Duster made of a Fox-taile fastened vnto a staffe. a 1748 
Watts Educ. Children & Youth xi, We were..well in- 
structed in the conduct of the broom and the duster. 1862 
Lytton Sts. Story 1. 163 The housemaid was forbidden to 
enter it with broom or duster. , 

b. A machine for removing dust (by rubbing, 
etc.) in various mechanical processes. 

2. A contrivance for removing dust by sifting ; 
a sieve. b. An apparatus for sifting dry poisons 
upon plants to kill insects. 

1667 Hist.Gunpowder in Sprat Hist. R. Soc. (1702) 283 (T.) 
The lower sieve is called the dry duster, and retains the 
small corns. .and lets fall the dust into the bin. 

3. A person who dusts, or wipes off dust. 

1850 HastiIncs pli 8 Wilson 1. ii. 255 A cobweb here 
and a little dust there which have escaped the vigilance of 
the duster. 1888 Pall Mall G. 17 Sept. 6/2 Employed as an 
assistant ‘duster’ for the stalls at the Italian Exhibition. 

4. A light cloak or wrap worn:to keep off dust ; 
= dust-cloak (see Dust sb.' 8e). Chiefly U.S. 

1864 Sata in Daily Tel. 13 Oct., The citizen in the straw 
hat and the ‘duster’ or overcoat of yellow Spanish linen. 
1870 Lowe Lett. (1894) II. xi. 77 Rose discovered your 
thin coat, which she called a ‘duster’, 1883 Grant Wutre 
W, Adams 114 Whether it was an overcoat that he was 
wearing as a duster, or a duster doing service as an overcoat, 
Dustifit, dustifute : see Dusryroor. 

Dustily (dvstili), a/v. [f. Dusty +-L¥2.] ‘In 
a dusty manner or condition. 

1577 B. Gooce /eresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 171 If gy a 
heavy, looke lothsomely, and dustelie. 1863 Cornh. Mag. 
Jan. 102 The regiments in homespun gray and butter-nut 
that trail dustily through the high streets, 

Dustiness (dz'stinés), [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
Dusty condition, 
. 1577 B. Goose Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 65 The craft 
is perceived by the dustinesse thereof. 1772 Graves Spirit. 

uixote III, 2(T.) The heat of the weather, dustiness of 
the roads. x orris Sir Peter Harpdon'’s End Poems 
105 High up in the dustiness of the apse, 


728 


Dusting (dz'stin), v7. sd, 


— 
3 action of the verb Dust, q.v., in various 
senses : usually, that of freeing from dust. 

1623 CockERAM II, Dusting, pulueration, Ibid. 1. Pul- 
ueration, a beating into po . 4726A Terre Fil. 
x. 47 Dusting of cushions. 1837 Dickens Pictw. xii, Mrs. 
Bardell resumed her dusting. : 

2. A beating, thrashing ; also used by sailors of 
rough or stormy weather. (co//og. or slang.) 

1799 Naval Chron. 11. 542 They did not venture a dusting 
with the Naiad. 1821 Sporting A/ag. V1. 285 So his men 
fac’d about. .and gave all the rogues a good dusting. 

Daily News 14 t. 6/4 When we got beyond the shelter 
of the islands we should have a rough time of it — what the 
skipper calls ‘a dusting’. 

3. attrib. and Com. Used for dusting, as dusting- 
brush, -cloth, etc.; also dusting-colours, colours 
in the form of powder to be dusted over adhesive 
varnish; dusting-powder, a taro usually 
antiseptic, for dusting over wounds, etc. 

1667 Hist. Gunpowder in Sprat Hist. R. Soc. (1702) 281 (T.) 
The bin, over which the sieve is shaken, called the dusting 
bin. 1686 N. Cox Gentil. Recreat. v. 28 Your Curry-combs, 
Brushes, Dusting-cloaths, Oyntments. 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. 
Exhib. 1. 101 The Feathers. .made into dusting-brooms. 

Dusting, #//. a. That dusts: see Dust v.1 

1890 Spectator 27 Sept., Partridges are a good example of 
the dusting birds, and are most careful in the selection of 
their dust-baths. 


+ Dustish, a. Ods. rare. Somewhat dusty. 

1646 J. Hatt Poems 1. 45 Sooner, yond dustish mulberry 
In her. ald white shall cloathed be. 

Dustless (dz'stlés), a. [f. Dusr sd.1+-.xss.] 
Free from dust. 

a1618 Syivester Mayden's Blush 577 The Wayes so 
dust-lesse, and so dirtlesse faire. 1861 W. F. Cottier Hist. 
Eng. Lit. 405 Blue morocco books in dustless regularity. 

T se apes Obs. nonce-wd. [f. as prec. + 
-LING.] A small grain or particle ; cf. Dust sd.1 2a. 

1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. 60 Now Gods Almightiness 
is within the least punctum physicum, or dustling of body. 

(dystmén', [f. as prec. + Man.] 

1. A man whose occupation it is to collect and 
cart away dust and refuse from dust-bins, etc. 

1707 J. Stevens tr. Quevedo'’s Cam, Wks. (1709) 399 The 
Deaaan were not idle. 1714 Gay 77ivia u. 3 The dust- 
man's cart offends thy cloathsand eyes. 1850 Mrs. Brown- 
1nG Poems II. 191 The dustman's call down the area-grate. 

2. collog. A personification of sleep or sleepiness ; 
in allusion to the rubbing of the eyes as if there 
were dust in them, 

1821 P. Ecan Tom & Yerry 111(Farmer) Till the dustman 
made his appearance and gave the hint to Tom and Jerry 
that it was time to visit their beds. 1891 Farmer Slang 
s.v., ‘The dustman’s coming ’= you are getting sleepy. 

3. s/ang. A preacher who uses violent action; a 
© cushion-thumper ’. 

1877 Biackmore Criffs (1887) 368 Sitting under the most 
furious dustman that ever thumped a cushion. 

|| Dustoor (dastiiv1). Last /nd. Also 8 das- 
toor, 9 dustour. [Pers. and Urdi i) dastir 
custom, age i perquisite.] a. Custom, usage, 
fashion. b. Customary commission ; = DusToory. 

1680 Fort St. Geo. Cons. 2 Dec. in Notes & Extracts u. 
61 (Y. Supp.) [To] be content with the Dustoor. .of a quarter 
anna in the rupee, which the merchants and weavers are to 
allowthem. 1785 in Seton-Karr Se/. /r. Calcutta Gaz, 1. 130 
(Y.) No Commission, Brokerage, or Dustoor is charged by 
the Bank, or permitted to be taken by any Agent or Servant 
employed by them. 1887 Fire-Cooxson Tiger Shooting 14 
A hand profit in ission which is called in Hindu- 
stani, ‘dustour’, literally meaning ‘that which is cus- 
tomary’. 1888 J. Incus Zent Life Vigeriand 57 The 
claims of custom, the tyranny of dustoor, 

|| Dustoory (dzstiiv ri), ast /nd. Also 9 -ree, 
-ri. [a. Pers. and Urdii (¢)92.09 dastiiriwhat is custo- 


mary, f. dastur: see prec.) A commission or 
perquisite by custom paid to or taken by an agent. 

1681 Fort St. Geo. Cons. 10 Jan. in Notes §& Extracts ut. 
45 (Y. Supp.) For the farme of Dustoory on cooley hire at 
Pagodas 20 per annum. a 1826 Heper Journ. Upper Prov. 
India (1844) I. 198. 1866 Trevetyan Dawhk Bungalow 217 
(Y.) Of all taxes small and great the heaviest is dustooree, 

+. Oés. A boy’s game in which 
‘ points’ were laid in a heap of dust, and thrown 
at with a stone. 

611 Cota. s. y. Darde, Our boyes laying their points in 
a heape of dust, and throwing at them with a stone, call 
that 6 theirs, Dust-point.. a —_ Fiercner Captain 
mt. iti, He looks Like a great school-boy that had been 
blown up Last night at Dust-Point. 1630 Drayton Nywt- 

hal 6 (N:) Down go our hooks and scrips, and we to nine 

les fall At dust-point or at quoits. 1675 Corton Scoffer 
Scoft 50 To play at Dust-point, Span-counter, Skittle-pins. 
|| Dustuck, dustuk (dz'stvk). ast /nd. 
Also 8 dustick. [a. Pers. and Urdii ews dastak 
passport.] A passport; applied esp. to the pass- 
granted by the covenanted servants of the 

st India Company. 

1 in J. Long Sed. fr. Rec. Govt, (Fort William) (Y.), 
The Seanbedas pond several enya English Dus: 
ticks. 1 Burke Rep. Indian Affairs XI. 173 
Persons, who had not the protection of the ae 

ie 
or 


[f Dust v1 + 


dustuck. 1862 Beveriwce ‘7st. /ndia 1. m1. xii. 673 
European officials..availed th Ives of the d | 
passports of their employers, to smuggle goods. 


| claw your jobbernole. 


’ 


DUTCH. ; 
Bustward (dvstwiid), adv. nonce-wa. 
Dust aes vate the dust; a 


death or the grave. 
18.. Lowett Extreme Unctionii, This fruitless husk which 
dustward dries Hath been a heart once, hath been 
- (Come, a. [f. Dust sb.1+-y.] 
Full of, abounding with, or strewn with dust. 
jena 7 And | bat: duidl chef tothatiane 


A * . I. 532 In the ray | moaned eae 
old libraries. 1891 Labour Commission Gloss. s.v. Money, 
Dusty money, a special allowance per quarter made when 
the corn to be unloaded at docks is dusty. 

2. apa, Oa had of the nature of, dust ; powdery. 

1552 Hvutoet, ye, or of dust, puluerius. ¢ Lo Cress 
Pemsroxe 7s. Lxvi. iii, A field of dusty sand. Suaks. 
Tr. & Cr. uu ii. 196 When .. mighti States h rl 
are ag To dustie nothing. 1748 F. Smitn Voy. Disc. 1. 
157 We had a Fall of small dusty Snow. 1890 Nature 20 
Mar. 473 A dusty material of a scaly form. 

3. Of colour, etc.: Having the appearance of 
being strewn with dust. Also advd. qualifying 
adjs. of colour. 

1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1148/4 A dusty brown Geldin 


Ibid. No. 1419/4 A dusty black Gelding. 1701 /éid. No. 
3703/4 A black dusty-colour Mare, 1843 CartyLe Let, to 
‘merson, A great shock of rough, dusty- hair. 


4. In various fig. seuses: +. Soiled or stained 
as with dust, smirched (oés.). b. Mean, worthless, 
vile (cf. Dust sd.1 3d); now only in slang phr. sot 
so dusty = ‘not so bad’. ec. Obscured as with a 
cloud of dust. d. ‘ Dry as dust’, hengpraiee 5 2 

c1610 Women Saints 168 She knew her dayes to haue 
beene .. dustie and deceitfull. a@ Drumm. or Hawrn. 
Fam. Ep. Wks. (1711) 144 Yet should they not envy a d 
men a dusty honour. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, § B. 1. 
ix. 172 What, to his dusty a ea appeared the most 
confused..story in the world. 1860 HawtHorne Mardle 
Faun (1879) 1. v. 56 Hard and dusty facts, 1893 R. Kirtinc 
Many /nvent. 148 B Company has come up very well, I 
said..They’re none so dusty now, are they? 

5. Comé., as dusty-footed adj.; dusty miller, 
(a) a popular name of the auricula (Primula 
Auricula), from the fine powder on the leaves and 
flowers ; also of Senecio Cineraria and Cerastium 
tomentosum; (6) a kind of artificial fly used in 
angling ; +dusty-poll, a nickname for a miller. 

1515 Cocke Lorell's B. 3A myller dusty-poll than dyde 
come. ar6oo J. I. Collier of Croydon ww. i. in Hazl. 
Dodsley VIL. 446 Now, miller, miller dustipoll I'll clapper- 
1825 Jamieson, Dustie-miller, the 
plant Auricula. eT eae Greece 1. 417 Conipodes, 
the dusty-footed. x F. Francis Angling x. (1880) 
The Dusty Miller..has become a capital general fly. 1888 
Chambers’ Encyct. 1. 581 The auricula ..the popular 
name in Scotland of ‘ Dusty Miller’. 

7 Dustysoct. Sc. Obs. In 6 dustifit, 7 dusti- 
fut(e. [ transl, of med.L. pede pulverosus ‘dusty 
of foot’ = vagans wandering, travelling, in AF. 
piépoudreux: see PIEPOWDER.] 

A wayfarer, traveller; sfec. a travelling pedlar 
or merchant. (In quot. 1570 applied to Death 
personified.) Ods. exc. Hist. 

a 1400 Leg. Quat. Burg. Scot. xxix, (Stat. Scot. 1. 361) 
Vagans, qui vocatur piepowdrous, hoc est Anglice Dustie- 
fute. ten Beand vagabund in pe contre pe quhilk is callit 

i ene | 3870 Satir. Poems Reform, xxii. 56 At oy 
fare a ee “3 to -— sall oe call, 
x KENE , ., Burrow Lawes 134 Burgesses, 
aE cae ng onde Dustifates (Cremars) quhen <i — 
forth of the foure Portes of their burghs. 1861 W. Breit 
Dict. Law Scot. s.v., According to Lord Kames, courts of 
Pie-Powder are so called, because fairs are generally com- 

of pedlars or wayfaring persons, who in France bear 
the name of Pied Poudrenx, and in Scotland of Dusty- 
Foot. 1872 E. W. Ronertson Hist. Ess. 131 The Negotia- 
tores, the chapmen and dustyfeet of our old laws. 

Dusy, obs. form of Dizzy. 

Dusze var. Douzerers, Ods. 

Dut, obs. f. doubt, doubted ; see Dount sb. and v. 

Dut, var. of Dur, Ods. 


Dutch (dztf), a., sd. (adv.) Also(4 duchyssche, 
5 duysshe), 5-7 duch(e, 6 dou(t)che, dowche, 
duitch, dutche. [a MDu. duésch, duutsch, 
duutsc, ‘ Hollandish, or, in a wider sense, Nether- 
landish, and even German’ (Verdam), in early 
mod. Du, isch, now duitsch, ‘German’, = Ger. 
deutsch, MUG. diutsch, ‘German’, OHG. diutisc, 
* lar, vulgar. 


OHG., diota, 4 

. = used gags % c.)asa — 

ing of L. vx/garis, to distinguish the ‘vulgar tongue’ 

the Latin ofthe church and the learned ; hence it gradually 

came to be the current d t of the 

— alike toany a. dialect, and generically to 
rman asa whole. From the it was naturally 

extended to those who spoke it (cf. and thus 

grew to be an ethnic or national adjective ; whence also, in 

the rath or r3th c., arose the name of the country, Diutisk- 

fant, now Denterhtind, = Gara In the rsthand 16th c. 

Dutch’ was used in England in the general sense in which 


ey? ae 


DUTCH. 


we now use ‘German’, and in this sense it included the 
language and people of the Netherlands as part of the ‘ Low 
Dutch’ or Low German domain. After the United Pro- 
vinces became an independent state, using the ‘ Neder- 
duytsch’ orLow German of Holland as the national language, 
the term ‘Dutch’ was gradually restricted in England to 
the Netherlanders, as being the particular division of the 
‘Dutch’ or Germans with whom the English came in con- 
tact in the 17th c.; while in Holland itself duztsch, and in 
Germany deutsch, are, in their ordinary use, restricted to 
the language and dialects of the German Empire and of 
adjacent regions, exclusive of the Netherlands and Fries- 
land ; though in a wider sense ‘ deutsch’ includes these also, 
and may even be used as widely as ‘Germanic’ or ‘ Teu- 
tonic’. Thus the English use of Dutch has diverged from 
the German and Netherlandish use since 1600.] 
A. adj. 

+1. Of or pertaining to the people of Germany ; 
German; Teutonic. Ods. exc. as a_ historical 
archaism, and in some parts of U.S.: see Br and 
DurcHMan. 

High Dutch, of or pertaining to the South Germans who 
inhabit the more elevated parts of Germany, High German; 
Low Dutch, of or pertaining to the Germans of the sea 
coast, and flatter districts in the north and north-west, 
including the Netherlands and Flanders. 

31460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 311 Hie barnes bredeles. 
A horne and a duch ax, his slefe must be flekyt. 1480 
Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxli. 266 Lordes and kny3tes of hir 
countre of beme and of other duche tonges. 1530 Patscr. 
31 In propre names commyng out of the Greke or doutche 
tong. 1563SHuTE Archit. Aiij a, Frenchand dowche writers. 
Es a Levins Manip. 195/35 Dutche, Teutonicus. 1599 

INSHEU, Gente A lemdna, the high Dutch people, the high 
Germans. 1601 R. Jounson Kingd. & Commiw. (1603) 132 
When the Dutch knightes were Lordes of the countrey 
[Poland]. 161r Coryat Cradities 376 The Dutch word 
Zurich signifieth two kingdomes. 1788 M. Cut er in Lif, 
Fruls. & Corr, (1888) I. 404 We baited our horses .. at the 
first house, a Dutch cabin [in Pennsylvania]. 1884 Sat. 
Rev. 14 June 785/2 The High-Dutch practice of ennobling 
every substantive with a capital. 

2, Of, pertaining to, or characterizing the ‘ Low 
Dutch’ people of Holland and the Netherlands. 

Dutch school, a school of painters and style of painting 
which attained its highest development in the Netherlands, 
in which commonplace subjects, chosen from ordinary or low 
life, received consummate artistic treatment. 

{x (titde) Propositions or Articles drawn out of Holy 
Scripture, showing the Cause of continuall Variance in the 
Duch Church in London.] 1606 Dekker Sev. Sinnes (Arb.) 
%, The short waste hangs ouer a Dutch Botchers stall in 

trich, 16x11 Mippteton & Dexker Roaring Girl u. ii, 
You'll have the great Dutch slop. 1617 Minsueu Ductor 
s.v. Duchman, The Duch nation aboue all other haue had 
the glorie and fame .. for their valour in warre .. fortunate 
battels both by land and sea. 1742 Pope Dunc. 1v. 198 
Each fierce Logician ..dash’d thro’ thin and thick On 
German Crouzaz, and Dutch Burgersdyck. 1822 Scorr 
Pirate xxvi, Brenda .. ran from her like a Spanish mer- 
chantman from a Dutch caper. 1838 Murray's Hand-bk. 
N. Germ. 16 The collections of pictures of the Dutch 
school. 1842 TENNYSON Gardener's Dau, 188 A Dutch love 
For tulips. ~ 

3. Of or belonging to the Dutch; native to, or 
coming from, Holland ; first used, introduced, in- 
vented, or made by the Dutch. 

1s9z_ Nasue P. Penilesse, [As hoary as Dutch butter]. 
1667 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 131 A. W. did 
transcribe on Dutch paper. 1681 Zvial S. Colledge 36 
There was an Original drawn with a Pencil, upon Dutch 
Paper. 1695 Concreve Love for L. 1v. xxi, Dreams and 
Dutch almanacs are to be understood by contraries. 1 
Lond. Gaz. No. 3358/4, 5 Cane Chairs, 3 Dutch Chairs. 1840 
Dickens Old C. Shop x, Late as the Dutch clock showed 
it to be, 188: Syd. Soc. Lex., Camphor, Dutch. Japan 
camphor is so called because it was introduced into com- 
merce by the Dutch, 

b. Often distinguishing a particular sort of article, 
originally made in or imported from Holland: e.g. 

Dutch barn, brick, carpet, case, cheese, clinker, 
py mi pes, pump: see quots. Dutch foil, gold, gilt, 
gilding, leaf, metal, a very malleable alloy of 11 parts 
of copper and 2 of zinc, beaten into thin leaves, and used 
as a cheap imitation of gold-leaf. Dutch liquid, oil, 
Ethene dichloride, 2 (CHz Cl), a thin oily liquid, having 
a sweetish smell and taste. Dutch mill, an oil mill for 
* Kong Dutch pins, rubbers, a form of nine-pins or 
skittles, 

1886 W. A. Harris Techn. Dict. Fire Ins., * Dutch barn, 
a protection for hay, straw, &c., having the supports and 
framework of a barn, without the side and end boarding. 
1657 R. Licon Barbadoes (1673) Index 84 *Dutch Bricks, 
which they call Klinkers. 1 Rimmer Summer 
Rambles Manchester 35 Red ‘Dutch’ bricks in ‘ Flemish 
bond’. 1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, *Dutch-carpet, a 
mixed material of cotton and wool, used for floor-coverings. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Dutch-case (Mining), a shaft- 
frame composed of four pieces of plank, used in shafts and 
galleries. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. E. Ind. 7, 5 *Dutch 
Cheeses, 1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dutch-cheese, a 
small round cheese made on the Continent from skim milk, 
1856 S. C. Brees Gloss. Terms, *Dutch clinkers, a de- 
scription of brick employed for paving stables and yards, 
being exceedingly hard. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxiv, 
A bottle of *Dutch Drops. 1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, 
Dutch-drops, a bal or popular nostrum, prepared with 
oil of turpentine, tincture of guaiacum, nitric ether, suc- 
cinic acid, and oil of cloves. 1759 SyMMER in Phil. Trans. 
LI. 375 A piece of paper, covered on one side with *Dutch 
gil ing. 1825 Hone Avery-day Bk. 1. 51 Their .. ware has 

saves of untarnished *dutch-gilt stuck on, /d/d. 1170 The 
gingerbread stalls .. were .. fine, from the *dutch gold on 
their ., ware. 1848 Fownes Elem. Chem. mi. (ed. 2) 404 
Pure *Dutch liquid is a thin colourless fluid, of potiedl a 

t odour, and sweet taste. 1851 Offic. Catal.Gt.Exhib. 
I. r9t Dutch liquid, chloride of olefiant gas, a new anzs- 
Vou. III. 


729 


thetic agent, said to be less irritating than chloroform. 1877 
Warts Fownes '’Chem. (ed. 12) 11, 69 Dutch liquid having 
been discovered by four Dutch chemists in 1795. 1825 
Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 1245 Instead of leaf gold..they 
were covered..with *Dutch metal. c 1865 Ure in Circ. Sc. 
I. 99/2 These mortars and press-boxes constitute what are 
called *Dutch mills. 1727-52 Campers Cycl. s.v. Pen, 
*Dutch Pens, are those made of quills which have been 
passed through hot ashes, to take off the grosser fat and 
moisture thereof, 1801 Strutr Sorts § Past. 11. vii. § 10 
*Dutch-pins is a pastime much resembling skittles; but 
the pins are taller and slenderer, especially in the middle 
pin, which is higher than the rest, and called the king-pin. 
1809 Sporting Mag. XXXIV. 236 A match at Dutch-pins 
for roo guineas, 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., *Dutch 
pump, « punishment so contrived that, if the prisoner would 
not pump hard, he was drowned. r80r Strutt Sorts § 
Past, u. vii. § 4. 238 Some call this game [long-bowling] 
*Dutch-rubbers. 

ce. In names of trees and plants, of species or 
varieties introduced from Holland, or common in 
that country; orsometimesmerelyto distinguishthem 
from the common English variety or species; e. g. 

Dutch Agrimony, Beech, Clover, Elm, Honeysuckle, 
Medlar, Mezereon, Myrtle, Violet, Willow, etc.; see these 
words. Dutch Mice, Carmele, Lathyrus tuberosus. Dutch 
Rushes, a species of Eguisetum or Horse-tail used for 
polishing; shave-grass. 

1548 Turner Names Herbes A vj b, Albucum..groweth in 
gardines in Anwerp, it maye be named in englishe whyte 
affodil, or duche daffodil. /did. Dvb. Jéid. Ev. 1640 
Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1156 Sweet Dutch grasse with a 
tufted head. 1731-45 Mitter Gard. Kalendar 79 Imperial, 
Cos and Brown Dutch Lettuces. /d¢d., The large-rooted 
Dutch Parsley. 1829 Loupon Encycl. Plants 208 note, 
Ulmus suberosa, often called the Dutch Elm. /ézd. 891 
note, Equisetum hyemale is imported from Holland under 
the name of Dutch rushes. 1849 Carpenter Veg. Phys. 
$757 Minute particles of silex or flinty substance, whose 
presence renders one species, ..the ‘ Dutch Rush’, valued for 
its use in polishing furniture and pewter utensils, 1860 
Gardener's Chron. 774/2 Lathyrus tuberosus..is occasion- 
ally cultivated under the name of Dutch Mice. 1888 G. S. 
Boutcer Fam. Trees Ser. 1. 142 The Dutch Elm .. was 
introduced by William III. for clipped hedges, on account 
of its rapid growth. 

4. Characteristic of or attributed to the Dutch ; 
often with an opprobrious or derisive application, 
largely due to the rivalry and enmity between the 
English and Dutch in the 17th c. 

Often with allusion to the drinking habits ascribed to the 
‘Dutch’; alsoto the broad heavy figures attributed tothe 
Netherlanders, or to their flat-bottomed vessels. Sometimes 
little more than =foreign, un-English. 

Dutch auction, bargain, concert, courage, gleek, night- 
ingale, uncle: see AucTiIoN, BarGatn, etc. Dutch comfort, 
consolation, defence, feast, palate, reckoning, widow: see 
quots. Dutch wife, an open frame of ratan or cane used 
in the Dutch Indies, etc. to rest the limbs upon in bed. 

1872 Daily Tel. 30 Nov. (Farmer) The old *Dutch auction, 
by which an article was put up at a high price, and, if 
nobody accepted the offer, then reduced to a lower, the 
sum first required being gradually decreased until a fair 
value was attained. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 28 The 
contract..is not (like *Dutch Bargains) made in Drinke. 
1796 Grose Dict. Vulg. T.,* Dutch Comfort, thank God it 
is no worse. 1773 Barrincton in PAi?. Vrans, LXIII. 267 
What is commonly called a *Dutch concert, when several 
tunes are played together. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., 
*Dutch consolation. ‘Whatever ill befalls you, there’s 
somebody that’s worse’; or ‘It’s very unfortunate, but 
thank God it’s no worse’. 1888 A// Year Round 9 June 
542 (Farmer) The expression often heard, ‘Thank Heaven, 
it is no worse’, is sometimes called Dutch consolation. 
1749 Fiecpinc Yom Jones 1x. vi, I am afraid Mr. Jones 
maintained a kind of *Dutch defence, and treacherously 
delivered up the garrison without duly weighing his 
allegiance to the fair Sophia. 1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. T., 
*Dutch Jeast, where the entertainer gets drunk before his 
guests. 1678 Norris Co//. Misc. Pref. (1699) 3 Fit only for 
a Tavern entertainment; and that too among Readers of 
a *Dutch Palate. a@x1700 B, E. Dict. Cant. Crew, *Dutch- 
Reckoning, or Alte-mall,a verbal or Lump-account with- 
out particulars. 1 Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., Dutch 
reckoning, a bad day's work, all in the wrong. 1608 Mip- 
DLETON 77ick to catch Old One i. iii, Hoord. What is that 
Florence? a widdow? Dra. Yes,a *duch widdow. Hoo. 
How? Dra, Thats an English drab sir. 

5. Comb. (parasynthetic and adverbial), as Dutch- 
bellied, -built, -buttocked (see note to 4); Dutch- 
cut (like yews, etc. in Dutch gardening), 

1672 R. Witp Declar. Lib. Conse. 7 Such a Dutch-bellied, 
blundering, boreal Month as this March. 1676 Rep. French 
Capers 4 ug. in Marvell Growth Pofpery (1678) 59 Whether 
(as is imputed) all the Ships taken are Dutch built? 1823 
Moore Fadles ii. 8 Some wished them tall; some thought 
your dumpy, Dutch-built the true Legitimate. 1868 Darwin 
Anim. & Pi. Il, xii. 8 The farmers continued to select 
cattle with large hind-quarters, until they made a strain 
called ‘Dutch-buttocked’, 1893 T. C. Fintayson Ess. etc. 
97 Many allow themselves to be ‘ Dutch-cut’, 

B. sd. ain uses of the adj.] 

1. The German language, in any of its forms. 
Obs. exc. in High Dutch = German [Hoch Deutsch); 
Low Dutch=Low German [Platt Deutsch], that 
of the north and north-west (including Nether- 
landish: see next), which has not undergone the 
High German consonant-mutation, and thus is in 
form nearer to English and Scandinavian. 

Pennsylvania Dutch, a degraded form of High German 
(orig. from the Rhine Palatinate and Switzerland) spoken 
by the descendants of the original an settlers in 
Pennsylvania. 

¢1380 Wycuir Se/. Wks. 111. 100 Wheber it be..wryten in 
Latin in Englyssche or in Frensche or Duchyssche [v.. 


DUTCHKIN. 
Duche]. oe Caxton Pref to Malory's Arthur, Bookes.. 
as wel in duche ytalyen spaynysshe and grekysshe as in 
frensshe. 1547 Boorpe Jnutrod, Know/. xv, (1870) 163 In 


Denmark. .theyr speche is Douche. 1548 ‘TurNER (¢7¢/e) 
‘The names of herbes in Greke, Latin, English, Duch and 
Frenche. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. xxxi, 590 Called..in high 
Douche, Melaunen: in base Almaigne, Meloenen: in 
Englishe, Melons. a 1634 CHarman A /phonsus u. Plays 1873 
III. 219 Gaod Aunt, teach me so much Dutch to ask her 
pardon. Lympress. Say so: Guediges frawlin vergebet 
mirs [etc.]. 1682 R. Ware Foxes & Firebrands 1. 11 
Translated out of Low-Dutch. 1721 De For Mem. Cava- 
tier (1840) 60, I spoke high Dutch. 1756-7 tr. Keys/er’s 
Trav. (1760) 1V. 326 A chronicle of Nurenberg, in High- 
Dutch, written in the year 1585. 1871 Earte Philol. Eng. 
Tongue § 17 The Saxons were a border people, and spoke 
a Low Dutch strongly impregnated with Scandinavian 
associations. 

2. The language of Holland or the Netherlands. 

(1647 H. Hexuam (¢7t/e), A copious English and Nether- 
duytch Dictionarie.] @ 1706 Dorset (Mason), ‘l’hy plays are 
such I'd swear they were translated out of Dutch, 1871 
Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 470 The pronoun of the 
second person singular is lost in Dutch. 1872 R. Morris 
Hist. Outl. Eng. Accid. § 9 Yo the Low German division 
belong the following languages :—(1) Gothic. .(2) Frisian.. 
(3) Dutch. .(4) Flemish. .(5) Old Saxon ..(6) English. 

b. Double (+high) Dutch: a language that one 
does not understand, gibberish. 

1789 Dispin Poor Yack ii, Why twas just all as one as 
High Dutch. 1876 C. H. WALL tr. A/oliére 1. 116 (Farmer) 
Though I have said them [prayers] daily now these fifty 
years, they are still double Dutch to me. 1879 SpuRGEON 
Serum. XXV. 297 The preacher preaches double Dutch or 
Greek, or something of the sort. 

3. The Dutch ( pl.) +a. The Germans. Ods. b. The 
people of Holland and the Netherlands; formerly 
called also Low Dutch. (+ Rare pl. Dutches.) 

1577 Remembr. Life Gascoigne (Arb.) 19 Wel plaste at 
length, among the drunken Dutch [warg?x He served in 
Holland]. 1601 R. Jounson Aingd. § Commw. (1603) 155 
Of mercenary soldiers .. he had 4300 Polonians: of chir- 
chasses (that are under the Polonians) aboute 4000, Dutches 
and Scottes aboute 150. /d/d. 257 He is served by the 
Swizzers and the Dutch, 1631 T. PowEeLt. Tow all Trades 
(1876) 164 When our acquaintance tooke first life with those 
of the Low Countries..the Dutch..askt him [our Embas- 
sador] what handicraft our King was brought up unto, 
1648 H. Hexuam Netherdutch & Eng. Dict. Pref., Having 
of late compiled a large English and Netherdutch Dic- 
tionarie.. for the accommodation of the Netherdutches 
who are desirous to attaine unto the knowledge..of our 
English Tongue. 1666 Drypen Anz. AZivad. clxvii, The 
toils of war we must endure, And from the injurious Dutch 
redeem the seas. 1777 Watson Philip II (1839) 345 The 
success of Philip’s arms .. excited in the Dutch and Flem- 
ings the most alarming apprehensions. c¢ 1826 G, CANNING 
(in Lyra Elegantiarune 1867. 148) In matters of commerce, 
the fault of the Dutch Is giving too little and asking too 
much. 1831 Sir J. Sinciair Corr. II. 180 The Dutch are 
distinguished by a great‘desire for cleanliness. 

ce. To beat the Dutch, to do something extra- 
ordinary or startling. That beats the Dutch, that 
beats everything. cod/og. 

1775 Revolut. Sony in New Eng. Hist. Reg. Apr. (1857) 
gt (Bartlett) Our cargoes of meat, drink, and cloaths beat 
the Dutch. 2 

+ C. adv. In Dutch (or German) fashion. Ods. 
ax6or ? Marston Pasguil §& Kath. u. 364 Drinke Dutch, 
like gallants, let’s drinke vpsey freeze. : 

Hence Du'tchlike a.; Du'tchly adv., in a Dutch 
fashion, like the Dutch. 

1s99 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner P. v, On English 
foole : wanton Italianly ; ..Duchly drink: breath Indianly. 
1818 W. Atiston in W. /rving’s Life & Lett. (1864) I. 397 
Impenetrably, and most Dutchly grave. 1889 Hissry Zou 
in Phaeton 203 Flat Dutchlike country. : 

Dutch, v. [f. prec. adj.] ¢rans. To clarify and 
harden (quills) by plunging them in heated sand 
or rapidly passing them through a fire. 

1763 Lond. Chron, 3-6 Sept. 231/1 Advt., The whole art 
of Dutching, Clarifying, and Making of Quills perfectly 
clear and hard. 1768 Woman of Honor Il. 215 Hardened 
like a quill, by being Dutched. 1837 Wuitrock, etc. 
Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 373 We imported vast quantities 
of quills from Hamburgh, Motterdamas etc., and these were 
clarified or Dutched. 

Dutcher !.7are.[f. Durcu, after Ger. deutscher.] 
A Dutchman; in earlier use, a German. 

1671 Crowne ¥uliana u. Dram. Wks. 1873 I. 45 There 
have I... boarded the French-man, the high Dutcher, the 
Spaniard, the Grecian, 1818 Blackw. Mag. III. 402 Re- 
viled the Dutchers as Poltroons and Shirks. 

Dutcher2. [f. Durcu v.] (See quot.) 

1875 Ure's Dict. Arts Il. 333 (Feathers) Quills are 
dressed by the London dealers..the principal worker is 
called a Dutcher. 

Dutchess, obs. form of DucHEss. 

Dutchify (dv'tfifoi), v. [f. Durow a@.+-ry.] 
trans. To make Dutch; to render Dutch-like. 

1680 Hon. Cavalier 13 So much Dutchified, as to under- 
stand the Phrase Hogan-Mogan. 1774 J. Q. Apams Diary 
11 Sept. Wks. II. 379 We .. heard ..a Dutchified English 
prayer and preachment. x8x1 Corerince Lect. Shaks. ix. 
(1856) 115 In modern poems, where all is so dutchified, if I 
may use the word, by the most minute touches, that the 
reader naturally asks why words, and not painting, are 
used. 1890 Murray's pe Apr. 452 The admixture tends 
to Anglicize the Dutch rather than to Dutchify the English. 

Dute >a nonce-wd, Obs, [f. DuTcH + 
-KIn: cf. alkin, etc.] Of ‘Dutch’ or German 
kind or sort. 

1576 GascoiGne Steele Gi, Epil. 31 (Arb.) 83 What be 
they? women? masking in mens weedes? Wi = 


DUTCHLAND. 


dublets, and with Ierkins jaggde? With Spanish spangs, 
and ruffes set out of France? 

Dutchland (dz'tflénd). 

+1. [=Ger. Deutschland.] Germany. Obs. 

Divided into High Dutchland and Low Dutchland, the 
latter including, and sometimes definitely meaning, the 
Netherlands. 

1547 Bate Sel. Wks. (1849) 243 Both in England and 
Dutchland also. 1561 J. Wyrners tr. Calvin's Prof. Treat. 
Title-p., In France, Dutchland, Spaine. 1 SuHutTe 
Archit. Bja, Trier in lowe Doutcheland. 1599 INSHEU 
Pm Dict., Alematia, Germanie, high Dutchland, a 1634 

HAPMAN Alphonsus Plays 1873 I11. 206 Brave Duke of 
Saxon, Dutchland’s greatest hope. 

2. Holland, the Netherlands. vare. 

1617 Minsueu Ductor, Duchland or Low Countries. 
1865 Mrs. Hawtuorne in Bridge Pers. Recoll. N. Haw- 


thorne (1893) 194 Do we not like to see even a common 
object of stall life truthfully represented by the great masters 
of Dutchland ? 


Dutchman (dvt{mén). 

+1. A German; a man of 
exc. locally in U.S. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 253 Pe woodnesse of 
Duchesmen [/urorem Teutonicorum). 1413 Pilgr. Sowle 
(Caxton 1483) Iv. xxx. 80 Be it duysshe man or lumbard or 
ony other nacion. 1538 WriorHEstey Chron. (1875) I. go, 
3 men and 1 woman, all Duchemen borne. 1570 Levins 
Manip. 21/2 Dutchman, Teutonicus. 1599 SHaxs. Much 
Ado 1. ii. 33 To bee a Dutchman to day, a Frenchman to 
morrow. 1617 Minsneu Ductor, A Duchman or German. 
Vide] German. 1788 M. Cutter in Life, Fruls. & Corr. 
(1888) I. 404 This is a good house, kept by a Dutchman 
{in Pennsylvania). 

2. An inhabitant of Holland or the Netherlands. 

1596 Edward ///, u1. i. 25 In Netherland, Among those 
euer-bibbing Epicures, Those frothy Dutch men, puft with 
double-beer. 1617 MinsHeu Ductor, A Duchman, or one 
of the Low Countries. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. E. Ind. 
66 A Gill of Brandy (the best thing in the World to inspire 
Courage into a Dutch-man). 1873 F. C. Burnanp My ime 
i, Uncle Van Clym was a Dutchman. J/od. Is hea German 
or a Dutchman 

b. Phr. J’ a Dutchman, i.e. some one that 
I am not at all: as the alternative clause to an 
assertion or questioned hypothesis. co//og. 

1837 THackeray Kavenswing iii, If there’s a_better- 
dressed man in Europe..I’m a Dutchman. 1856 READE 
Never too late \ii, If there is as much gold on the ground 
of New South Wales as will make me a wedding-ring, I 
ama Dutchman. J/od, It is my brother, or I’m a Dutch- 


man. y 

3. A Dutch ship. 

Flying Dutchman: a. A legendary spectral ship sup- 
posed to be seen in the region of the Cape of Good Hope: 
also, the captain of this ship, said to have been condemned 
to sail the seas for ever. b. In recent years, applied to 
a particular express train on the Great Western Railway 
running between London and Bristol. 

1657 R. Licon Barbadoes (1673) 19 There was a Dutch 
man that lay there but three dayes, and in that little stay 
lost two Anchors. 1676 DrypEN Aurengz. Ded., They.. 
give it no more Quarter, than a Dutch-Man would to an 
English Vessel in the Indies. 1823 Scorr Rokeby 1. xi. 
note, A fantastic vessel, called by sailors the Flying 
Dutchman. 1839 Marrvat Phant. Ship ix, I fear no 
Flying Dutchman. 1870 Brapwoop The O. V. H. 25 The 
yng Dutchman from Paddington, 

. Carpentry. (See quot.) 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dutchman (Carpentry), a 
playful name for a block or wedge of wood driven into a gap 
to hide the fault in a badly made joint. 

5. Comb., as Dutchman’s breeches, (a) a name 
in U.S. of the plant Dicentra Cucullaria; (b) Naut, 
(see quot. 1867); Dutchman’s laudanum, a 
climbing shrub allied to the passion-flower, Pass?- 
flora Murucuja (Murucuja ocellata); also, a nar- 
cotic prepared from this; Dutchman’s pipe, (a) 
‘an American name for Aristolochia Sipho’ ( Treas. 
Bot, 1866); (4) the nest of the South American 
wasp. 

1756 P. Browne Yamaica 328 The Bull-hoof or Dutch- 
man’s Laudanum..a climber, whose fruit is..about the size 
of a large olive. 1857 Duncuison Med. Lexicon 315 Dutch- 
man’s ipe, Aristolochia Hirsuta, 1865 Woon Homes 
without H, xxiii. (1868) 421 The South American wasp, 
which makes the nest popularly called the ‘ Dutchman's 

ipe’. 1866 Treas. Bot. 400/1 Dicentra Cucullaria, is 

nown in the United States as Dutchman’s Breeches, from 
the shape of the spurred flower. 1867 Smyru Sai/or’s Word- 
bk., Dutchman's breeches, the patch of blue sky often seen 
when a gale is ing, is said to be, however small, 
‘enough to make a pair of breeches for a Dutchman’. 

Hence Dutchman-like, a. 

1612 W. Scrater Christians Strength 5 That same vn- 
measurable and Dutchmanlike drinking. 

Dutchpeeres, corrupt f. DouzErErs, Ods. 

Dutchwoman. [See Durcuman.] ta. A 
German woman, Oés. exc. locally in U.S. b. 
A woman of Holland or the Netherlands. 

1788 M, Cutter in Life, Frnis. § Corr, (1888) I. 400 His 
wife is the handsomest, smartest, and most delicate Dutch- 
woman we have seen on the ..She was born in Germany, 
and came over when a child, JZod. Mrs, L. is a Dutch: 
woman, a native of Haarlem. 

Dutchy, 2. [f. Durcn+-y1,] Dutch-like. 

1862 A. Gray Lett. (1895) 495, I was .. copying out Grise- 
bach’s manuscripts for the printer (for the printer won't 
touch the Dutchy-looking thing). 1893 J. H. Ross in 
King’s Business (New Haven, Conn.) 127 The faces [in 
Rembrandt’s Scripture pictures] are not ideal but Dutchy. 

Dutchy, obs. form of Ducuy. 


f. DutcH a.+ Mavn.] 
eutonic race. Ods. 


730 


+ Dute. 02s. Shortened form of dedute, Dr- 
DuIT, enjoyment, pleasure. 
1300 Fall § Passion 24 in E. E. P. (1862) 13 Of is 


te dute. c4 Land Cokay, ibid. 156 per 
ear and grete A os i3-. Gane Gr Knt. 1020 Much 
dut watz ber dryuen 


pat day. 

Dute, obs. form of Dovsr. 

Duteous (diztts), a. Also 6-7 dutious. [f. 
Dory +-ous; cf. the earlier beauteous.] Character- 
ized by the performance of duty to a superior ; 
dutiful, submissive, obedient, subservient. (Of 
persons and their actions, etc.) 

1593 SHaks. Lucr. 1360 And yet the duteous vassal scarce 
is gone. 1594 — Rich. //1, u.i. 63, I intreate true peace 
of you, Which I will purchase with my dutious seruice. 
1605 — Lear 1v. vi. 258 Duteous to the vices of thy Mistris. 
1645 Mitton Jetrach. Wks. (1847) 190/2 But the law can 
compel the offending party to be more duteous. 1698 
Drypen On a Lady who died at Bath 35 A daughter 
duteous, and a sister kind. 1742 Younc N¢. 74.1. 417 And 
only wish, As duteous sons, our fathers were more wise, 
1805 Scotr Last Minstr. 1. iii, Nine-and-twenty yeomen 
tall Waited, duteous, on them all. 

Hence Du'‘teously adv.; Du'teousness. 

1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. m. v. (R.), Whatever 
dutiousness or observance comes afterwards. 1814 Worps- 
wortH £.xcurs. vu. 667 Once every day he duteously re- 
paired To rock the cradle of the slumbering babe. 1822 
Scorr Nigel xxvii, Kneeling duteously down. 18: F 
Sreruinc Ess. etc. (1848) I. 311 (Carlyle) Without fait 
affectionateness, duteousness, truth. 

Dutiable (diz tijab’l), a. [f. Dury + -aBLe.] 

Liable to duty; on which a duty is levied. 
1774 A. Younc Pol. Arith. (L.,s.v. Excise), The number 
f dutyable articles, 1858 HAawrnorne Fr. & Jt. Frais. 
I. 201 He inquired whether I had any dutiable articles. 
1884 Chamb. Frni. 26 Jan. 58/2 Goods now comprised in the 
tariff as ‘dutiable’. 

Dutied (divtid), az U.S. [f. Dury + -Ep2.] 
Subjected to duty; on which duty is charged. 

1771 T. Jerrerson Let. Writ. 1892 I. 394 — but 
the dutied articles. 1866 A, L. Perry Elem. Pol. Econ, 
(1873) 522 Goods into which dutied goods have entered. 

Dutifal (divtifil), a. [f. Dory +-rv..] 

1. Full of ‘duty’, i.e. that which is due to a 
superior; rendering the services, attention, and re- 
gard that are due. 

1552 Hutoer, Dutifull or dewtifull, offciosus. 1590 J. 
Smytu in Lett, Lit, Men (Camden) 77 With all duetifull 
respect unto your Lordship. 1 . Trapp Abra-Mulé u1. 
i. 401 How can I pay dutiful Allegiance To him? 1748 
RicHarpson C/arissa (1811) I, xviii. 134 If words were to 
pass for duty, Clarissa Harlowe would be the dutifullest 
child breathing. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. India I. 511 
Dutiful and loyal subjects of the King of Great Britain. 

+2. Relating to duty or obligation. Ods. rare. 

1588 A. KinG tr. Canisius’ Catech. 177 Quhilk [cardinal] 
vertues ar also called official or dewetifull, for that of thame 
proceids al kynd of offices and dewties. 

Dutifully (diz tifili), adv. [f. prec. +-Ly 2.] 
In a dutiful manner; with the regard and observ- 
ance that is due. 

1552 Hutoet, Dutifullye or dewtifullye, oficiose. 1579-80 
Nortu Plutarch 195 (R.) Citizens, whose persons and purse 
did dutifully serve be commonwealth in their wars. 1632 
Litucow 7'rav. v. 171 Having dutifully taken my Counge 
of many worthy friends. 18:6 Soutney Poet's Pilgr. 
Proem, Ye Nymphs..Whom I have dutifully served so long, 

Dutifulness (diz'titiilInés), [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being dutiful ; the habit of 
due performance of obligations to superiors. 


to) 
1 


1576 Freminc Panoft. Epist. 329 The auncient duetiful- : 


nesse, Which I owe to your reverence. 161x Sreep /ist. 
Gt. Brit. 1x. xix. (1632) 932 We doe it rather out of a sense 
of our dutifulnesse. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) I. 
xxxvi. 264 A dutifulness so exemplary. 1888 BurGon Lives 
12 Gd. Men |. ii. 277 His dutifulness..to his Parents. 

Dutiless (divtilés), 2. [f. Dury +-ess.] 

1. Wanting in the performance of duty; undutiful, 
Obs. or arch. ‘ ae ¥ 

Nobod; Someb, in Sim Sch. Se 8) I. 
ay To be pf rcpt the ‘Geena, @ 1603 fer 
wricut Confut. Rhem. N. T, (1618) 155 Wee are not so 
dutilesse to endevour any such thing. 1889 SwinBuRNE 
Stud. - Prose & P, (1894) 202 The heartless and dutiless 
young king. : q 

2. On which duty has not been paid. (sonce-1se.) 

1804 Crockett Raiders 37 ‘The lads who bring over the 
dutiless gear from Hol and the Isle of Man. 

Dutra, -troa, -troy, -try, var. Dewrry, Obs. 

Dutte, obs. form of Dour, and of Dir z, 

Duttee, dutty, obs. forms of Duorr, 

Duty (di7ti). Forms: 3 deuyte, 4 dewete, 
(dwete), 4-5 duete(e, duyte, 4-6 deute, dew- 
te(e, 5 dutee, (dywte), dwte, 5-6 dute, dutye, 
5-7 dutie, 6 deuty, duitie, Sc. deuitie, dewite, 
6-7 dew(e)tie, -y(e, duetie, -y(e, 6- duty, 
[a. AF. dueté, duité, deweté, f. du, due Duk: see-Ty, 
and cf. beauty, fealty. Not recorded in continental 
French; cf. Drvotk.] b 

1. The action and conduct due to a superior ; 
homage, submission; due respect, reverence; an 
expression of submission, deference, or respect. 

1297 R. Grove. (1724) 316 Pe kyng .. gret deuyte tolde of 
hem, vor her gentryse. ¢1386 Cuaucer Knt.'s 7. 2202 
That goode Arcite.. Departed is with duetee and honour 
Out of this foule prisonne of this lyf. _¢ 1485 Digby Myst. 
(1882) 1v. 994 To do hym reuerence & dewtee. 1551 T. 


DUTY. 
Witson Logike dooe his dutie with his Cappe 
vou. “oa Sine L2£.L. aa Sana 
thy complement, I iue thy duetie, adue. 1602 — Ham. 


1. ii. 252 Our duty to your Honour. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. 
Ded. i "an they nek to 


mayor, 
Corporation, to offer 
uty on behalf of the ax of mea Princess 
une (1 , many kisses from 
all children, and William's eoapecttal po . 
b. sfec. An action due to a feudal superior or 
lord of a manor. Cf. also 3c. 
Exton & Mackay Law of Copyholds App. v. No. 17. 
502 To have and to hold. ding to the of the 
manor, by and under the ee, Ge and services there- 
for due and of right accus' 
+2. That which is owing to any one; (one’s) 
due; a debt; a charge, fee, etc. legally due; a due 
portion or allowance. Of duty: as a debt or thing 
due. Ods. a. with possessive of the person to 
whom it is due. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Friar’s T. 54 His maister had not half his 
dyetee. /éid. 93 To reysen vp a rente That longeth to my 
lordes duetee. ¢ 1440 G: des 2016 He and his ayeris 
claymeth it of dewte. 1476 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett, 
No. 779 III. 166 Dyverse have lost mony er they cowde 
gete ther dywtes owte off the Staple. 1487 Act 3 Hen. V/I, 
c. 4 [5] Preamb., To defraude ther creditours of their duties. 
1526-34 TinpaLe Matt. xx. 14 Take that which is thy duty. 
— Luke xii. 42 To geve them their duetie of meate at due 
season. 1541 Barnes Ws. (1573) 231/1 To him that worketh 
is the rewarde not geuen of fauour, but of duetye. 1642 tr. 
Perkins Prof. Bk. xi. § 755 A stranger by his act without 
my assent shall not take away my duty. 
b. with possessive of the person by whom it 
is due. 
¢1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 141 (MAtz.) How may this be 
that thou art froward To hooly chirche to pay 7 dewtee. 
1540 Hyrpe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) Bb viij, To 
pay their duty unto nature, as their creditor. 1573 Satir. 
Poems Reform. xiii. 198 Kirkis. .dois also pay Thair dewtie 
alsweill as thay. 1628 Coke On Litt, 291a, If A. be ac- 
countable to B. and Z, releaseth him all his duties. 
3. A | shea due and enforced by law or custom, 
cx ‘Axton Sonnes of Aymon vi. 150 He sholde be free 
of all maner phe ho the space of x. yeres. pe Marpeck 
Bk. of Notes 559 Therewith were they quite of all duetyes, 
both of rent, custome, tribute, and tolle. 
spec. + @. Payment for the services of the church, 
Chiefly £/. Ods. (superseded by dues). 
1431 E. E, Wills (1882) 88 Y wille that_m 


7 . 
chirches haue alle here duetees. piel Ebor, — 


have ther dewty as they by custome have e 7 
1546. Supplic. Poore Commons (E. E. T. $5 36 "These 


charitable 


1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Matrimony, man geue 
vnto the woman a ring, laying the same vpon the boke with 
the accustomed duty to the priest ke [so also in 1662]. 


upon the import, export, manufacture, 
certain commodities, the transfer of or succession 


to property, licence to use certain or practise 
certain trades or pursuits, or the recognition 
of deeds and documents, as contracts, receipts, 


le : pec articles or transactions, : oe 

rsons i capitation or in proportion to their in- 
ew en i But the distinction is not strictly 
observed a ‘window-tax" and ‘dog-tax' are 


language; i 
duties, as much as the inhabited house duty, or the duty on 
men-servants. 
1474 Caxton Chesse 120 The tolles, q 
and duetees of the cytees. 1! 10 Act 1 Hen. 
PT, c. 20, § x Yf eny concelement be in the mer- 
chaundez of the dewetye aforeseid [= poundage). 1530 
Pauscr. 216/1 Dutie or exaction, exaction. ont’ Evetyn 
Diary 11 Here, having payd some st duty, we 
bought some trifles offer'd us the souldiers, but with- 
out going on shore. 1660 Act 12 Chas. 11, c. 4 Sched, of 
Rules r. 4, Any kind of Wines we formerlie have all 
the dutyes of the Tonnage inwardes. 1669 Sc. Acts Chas. 1/, 
c. 9 The tolls customes and other dewties engage the 
said ie fair and weeklie mercat, 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 
4, 86 Hogsheads of. .White Wine. .to be deliver’d free 


of the Orphans Duty, 1711 Swirt Fraud, 
to —, 2 ct Cards are eo! ry es a a a 
them of si a x7ir 10 Anne, ¢. 19. 

said Books’ Prints, and Mage as are to pay the said Duties 


ad Valorem, 1712 Appison Spect.No. 

by my Bookseller he must raise the every 
Paper to Two-pence, or that he shall not be able to pay 
Duty of it. 1766 Franxuin Exam, Wks, 1887 ILL. 447) 


internal mor atl 


taxes they [the American colonists] mean i 


duties they mean customs, 1825 McCutLocn z 
m1, viii, 38: eo duties were laid on corn im- 
ported, 1894 ct 57 & 58 Vict. c. 30.§ 34 of 

tax gran is act. 

16 Apr., The death duties have grown and 
bear traces of their fragmentary a ae st pre 
sent five duties, and there is a wide action between 

that may be illustrated by the Legacy Duty, 


¢c. Sc. Law. A payment made in recognition of 
feudal superiority ; hence, the rent of a feu or lease- 


— i. ee ae ee! ll 


DUTY. 


hold tenement (perpetual or for a term of years). | 


Mails and duties: see Matu. 

1536 BeLLENDEN Cron. Scot. x1. “iii. (Jam.), He dis- 
chargit thame of all malis and dewteis aucht to hym for v. 
yeris to cum. c1g65 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. 
(1728) 169 Constrained to pay the yearly duty and mails 
of the said lands. 1606 Sc. Acts Fas. VI, c. 13 (title), 
Act in favouris of his Majesteis vassellis for payment of 
their blenshe dueties. 1669 Sc. Acts Chas. /I, c. 5 But 
preiudice to Superiors, to vse poinding against their Vas- 
salls for their few duties. _ 1723 Blench-duty [see BLANcH 
sh. 3c). 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. s.v., Feu-duty 
.. The feu-duty is truly a rent in cattle, grain, money, 
or services, generally agricultural; varying in amount 
from an adequate to a merely elusory rent. 


4. Action, or an act, that is due in the way of | 


moral or legal obligation; that which one ought 
or is bound to do; an obligation. (The chief cur- 
rent sense.) 

1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol. 360 (MS. Gg. 4. 27) Hym 
owith o verry duetee..wel to heryn here excusacyons. ¢ 1489 
Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 324 Yet have I lever to serve 
you, as mi dute is for to doo. 1526-34 TinpALE Luke xvii. 
10 We have done that which was oure duetye todo. 1530, 
etc. Bounden duty [see BounpeN 5]. 1560 Brste (Genev.) 
£ccé. xii. 13 Feare God and kepe his commandments: for 
this is the whole dutie of man. 1651 Hosses Leviath. u. 
xxxi. 186 The entire Knowledge of Civill duty. 1748 Bur- 
LER Ser. Wks. 1874 II. 317 Economy is the duty of all 

rsons, without exception. 180g (21 Oct.) Nezson in 

. K. Laughton Nelson xi. (1895) 221 (Signal at Trafalgar) 
* England expects that every man will do his duty.’ 1845 
M. Partison &ss. (1889) I. 15 To do one’s duty thoroughly 
is not easy in the most peaceable times. 1876 Moztey Univ. 
Serm. ix. (1877) 183 The New Testament says comparatively 
little about duties to equals, and enlarges upon duties to 
inferiors. 

b. Absolutely: Moral obligation; the bind- 
ing force of what is morally right. (Sometimes 
personified.) 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 195 Where duetie can haue no 
shewe, honestie can beare no sway. 1671 Mitton P. 2. 11. 
172 Zeal and duty are not slow, But on Occasion’s forelock 
watchful wait. 1732 Law Servzous C. ix. (ed. 2) 132 Out of 
a pious tender sense of Duty. 1805 Worpsw. Ode to Duty 
i, Stern Daughter of the Voice of God! O Duty! 1869 
Lowett Parting of Ways 8 The figure of a woman veiled, 
that said, ‘My name is Duty, turn and follow me’. 1894 
Wotsetey Marltorough 11. xci. 445 In England the noble, 
selfless word ‘duty’ has long been the motto of her most 
famous warrior sons. 

5. The action which one’s position or station 
directly requires ; business, office, function. 

1375 89 in Eng. Gilds 5 3if eny .. haue dwellid in be bre- 
therhede vij. 3er, and done perto alle pe duytes with-in pe 
gine. 3 GowER Conf. I. 12 Which is the propre duetee 

elongend unto the presthode, x512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c.1, 
§ 2 If.. Constables do not theire dutie as is aforesayd. 1535 
CoverDALE 1 Chron. x. 27 Their dewtye was to geue attend- 
aunce to open euery mornynge. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. [ndia 
§ P. 102 Other Fakiers (whose Duty it is daily to salute 
the Sun at his Height, Rising, and Setting, with their 
Musick). 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest iii, His father.. 
was. .too sant to do the duty [of forest ranger]. 


b. Zccl. Performance of the prescribed services 
or offices of the church; in 2. C. Ch., attendance 
at the public services, confession, communion, etc. 

Ministerial or clerical duty, or (with contextual indica- 
tion) simply duty: the regular ministration and service of 


a cler; an, 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 158 b, Whan ye synge 
or say your duty. 1 Covt. Crue Conditional 71 Per- 
sons that have cast off Sabbaths, Duties, Ordinances, i ed 
Jane Austen Pride & Prej. xiii. (1813) 55 Provided tha’ 
some other clergyman is engaged to do the duty of the day. 
1814— Mansf. Parkxxv.(D.), Edmund might, in the common 
phrase, do the duty of Thornton, that is, he might read 
prayers and preach, 1843 Lever ¥. Hinton xix. (1878) 132 
He [a priest] asked why Tim didn’t come to his duties. 1891 
E. Peacock NV. Brendon I1. 197 A papist always going to 
her duties. J/od. He lived in my rectory and took duty 
for me last August. He does Sunday duty in a neighbouring 


ce» Mil. Prescribed or appointed military service 
(now, other than actual engagement with an enemy : 
see quot. 1853). 
1s90 R. Witiams Disc. Warre (ed. 2) 30 Considering the 
number of hands that come to fight, and to doo duetie. 1607 
Suaks. Cor. 1. vii. 1 Keepe your Duties As I haue set them 
downe. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 493 Px A Regiment which 


did Duty in the West-Indies. 1849 Macauay Hist. Eng. 
II, 585 It had been wisely determined that the duty of the 


capital should be chiefly done by the British soldiers in the 
service of the States General. 1 SrocqueLter Milit. 
Encycl., Duty, the exercise of those functions which belong 
toa soldier, with this distinction, that duty is counted the 
mounting guard, etc., where no enemy is to be engaged; 
but when any body of men marches to meet the enemy, it is 
Strictly called going upon service. 

d. School work. The service other than teaching 
performed by an assistant master, consisting in 
taking charge of the pupils out of school hours, 
superintending preparation of lessons, keeping order 
in corridors and dormitories, and the like. 

Sometimes this work is shared among the members of the 
staff, some of whom are thus ox while others are of duty ; 
sometimes it is done entirely, or nearly so, by a duty-master. 

e. phr. On duty: engaged in the performance 
of one’s appointed office, service, or task. 0, 
duty : the opposite of this ; not officially en 4 

1667 Mitton P. Z.1. 333 Men wont to watch On duty. 
ad Fryer Acc. E. India §& P. 134 Killing Two of the 
Watch on Duty. 1700S. L. tr. Hryke's Voy. E. Ind. 298, 


731 


I was upon Duty in the Fort Galture. 1791 Mrs. Rap- 
cuirFe Kom. Forest i, On duty with his regiment in Ger- 
many. 1 Tuackeray Esmond u. ii, When off duty .. 
Captain Dick often came to console his friends. 

f. Of things: Zo do duty, to discharge a func- 
tion; to serve or stand for something else. 

1871 Earce Philol. Eng. Tongue § 289 Observe that ought 
once did duty for both these senses. 1873 Tristram Joab 
ii. 28 A railway reading ears oe duty for footlights. 1878 
Bosw. Smitu Carthage 198 With historians and other prose 
writers, stock epithets almost always do duty. 

6. Mech. The measure ofeffectiveness of an engine, 
expressed by the number of units of practically 
effective work done per unit amount or weight of 
fuel. (See also quot. 1890.) 

1827 D. Givzert in Pil. Trans. CXVII. 26 Duty, a term 
first introduced by Mr. Watt, in ascertaining the comparative 
merit of steam-engines. 1874 J. H. Cottins Metal Mining 
roz Good Cornish engines..in water-works, whose ‘duty’ 
averages nearly, or quite, 100,000,000 foot-lbs., or in other 
words, which lift one hundred million pounds of water one 


foot high, by the consumption of each hundredweight of ‘' 


coal. 1876 Tair Rec. Adv. Phys. Sc. vi. 151 The duty of an 
animal engine is much larger than the duty of any other 
engine, steam or electro-magnetic. 1890 J. W. PoweLt in 
Century Mag. 770/2 The amount of water which is needed 
to serve an acre of land. This is called the ‘duty ’ of water, 
and in the United States it varies widely. . 

7. attrib. and Comtl., as duty call, dance; duty- 
doing, -monger ; (in sense 3 c) duty-fowl!, -ore; also 
duty-paid a@., on which customs or excise-duty has 
been paid ; duty-sergeant, a sergeant who has the 
charge of seeing that military duty (5 c) is done; 
duty-sounding, the sounding of a trumpet for 
some special military duty. 

18s0 B’ness Tautpna:us The Jnitials (Bentley Ed.) 325 
Released from what he probably considered a “duty dance. 
1881 ‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette viii, 1 am marked out for 
..duty-dances for the rest of the evening. 1563 Foxe Life 
Latimer in Serm. & Rent. (1845) p. xvi, Detaining him 
from his *duty-doing. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Josanna i. 
(1832) 301 Notice that they must pay all the “duty-fowl and 
duty-geese. 1692 Covt. Grace Conditional 71 Calling them, 
*Duty-mongers, Men of an Old Testament Spirit. 1881 
Raymonp A/ining Gloss., * Duty-ore (Cornw.), the landlord’s 


share of the ore. 1893 Zimes 13 June 9/4 A large export of | 


*duty-paid Irish spirits. 1890 Pad/ A/all G. 13 Sept. 3/t 
There should..be more sergeants to a battalion, so as to 
give four *duty-sergeants to each company. 1799 /vsty. 
& Reg. Cavalry (1813) 281 Trumpet *Duty Soundings. 
1. Reveillé. 2. Stable Call—For stable duties. 1844 Regué. 
& Ord. Army 140 The Duty-Soundings of every Regiment 
are to be invariably performed on ‘Trumpets in the Key of 
E flat. - 

Duty-free, a. andadv. [See Duty 3 b.] Free 
of duty ; exempt from payment of duty. 

1689 Order in Council 12 Dec. in Lond. Gaz. No. 2514/1 
The Term allowed for the Importation of Provisions and 
Necessaries into Ireland Duty-free. 1793 T. JEFFERSON 
Writ. (1859) 1V. 43 Where a treaty does not give the prin- 
cipal right of selling, the additional one of selling duty free 
cannot be given. 186 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 43 The 
Hanseatic traders. .imported their goods duty-free. 

Duumvir (divjmvar). Pl. -virs, or in L. 
form -viri (-viroi). [L. duumvir lit. ‘man of the 
two’, ‘one of the two men’; in pl. originally do- 
viri ‘the two men’, later duumvzri after the sing.] 
In Rom. Hist.: One of the duumvirt, the general 
name given to pairs of co-equal magistrates and 
functionaries in Rome and in her colonize and 
municipia. Hence, in modern use, one of two 
colleagues in authority. 

1600 Hotianp Livy 1. xxvi. 19b, The king [Tullus Tfos- 
tilius]. assembled the people together and said : ‘I ordaine 
Duumvirs to sit upon Horatius..to judge him according to 
the law’. 1727-5r Cuampers Cyc/. s.v., The antient 
Romans..had almost as many Duumviri as they had officers 
joined two by two in commission. 1794 Burke Sf. /m- 

each. Hastings (Bohn) II. 33 Here isa compact of iniquity 

tween these two duumvirs [Wheler and Hastings]. 1838 
Arnoip Hist. Rome 1. 312 note, The two supreme magis- 
trates in the municipia.. whose office was analogous to that 
of the consuls at Rome, were called duumvirs. 

+ Duwmviracy. Obs. rare. [f. as Duvum- 
VIRATE : see -ACY.} = DUUMVIRATE. 

1659 GaupEN TJears Ch. 438 A cunning complicating 
of Presbyterian and Independent principles and interests 
together, that they may rule in their Duumviracy. 

Duumviral (diz-mviral), 2. [ad. L. duem- 
viral-is, £. duumvir.] Of or pertaining to duum- 
virs. 1828 in WensTER. 

Duumvirate (diz mvirct). [ad. L. duum- 
virat-us, f. duumvir : see -ATE1.] 

1. The position or office of the Roman duumvyirs ; 
the joint office or authority of two. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Duumvirate, the Office of the 
Duumvir in Rome, or of two in equal Authority, and may 
be taken for the Sheriffship of the City of London, or of 
any other place, where two are in joynt Authority. x I 
Cuampers Cyci. s.v., The duumvirate ed till the year of 
Rome 388, when it was changed into a decemvirate. 1831 
Fraser's Mag. 111. 137 A Swift and Pope can even found 
an imperious Duumvirate. 1894 W. K. Hitt Life of W. 
H. Widgery, title-p., The government of children is a 
duumvirate of teacher and parent. : ; 

2. A coalition of two men; a pair of officials 
or of men associated in any office or position. 

1971 Magna Charta in Newell Inquest Furymen (1825) 
104 The livery .. had made a resolution to walk before this 


illustrious Duumvirate [two Magistrates released from con- 


DWALE. 


finement] to the Mansion-House. 1807 Sir R. Witson ¥rni, 
28 June in Lz (1862) II. viii. 283 ‘The duumvirate were 
three hours together. a@ 1828 H. Nerve Lit. Rem. (1829) 
29 ‘That highly gifted duumvirate, Beaumont and Fletcher, 

So (in sense 1) + Duu‘mvirateship (os. ). 

_ 1679 Penn Addr, Prot. 197 It is a sort of Duumvirateship 
in Power, by which the Civil Monarchy is broken. 

Duv(e, obs. forms of Dove. 

|| Duvet (dzve). [F. duvet down, earlier dumet, 
dim. of OF. dum down.) A quilt stuffed with 
eider-down or swan’s-down. 

1758 Jounson /dler No. 40 ® 4 There are now to be sold 
..some duvets for bed-coverings. 1880 M. V.G. HaverGcaL 
Mem. F. R. Havergal xv. 299 Her pet kittens on her duvet. 

Dux (dvks). [a. L. dx ; leader.] 

1. A leader, chief; spec. the head pupil in a class 
or division in a school: chiefly in Scotland. 

1808 Scorr A wtodiog. in Lockhart Life i, Our class con- 
tained some very excellent scholars. ‘The first Dux was 
James Buchan, who retained his honored place almost with- 
out a day’s interval all the while we were at the high school. 
1870 Ramsay Remix. (ed. 18) p. xxix, ‘I’m second dux’.. 
means in Scottish academical language second from the 
top of the class. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. u. v. 213 
note, A gold medal [is given] to the dux of the [Aberdeen 
grammar] school. Z 

2. Afus. The subject of a fugue (the ‘answer’ 
being called comes). 

1819 Pantologia citing Buspy, Dx, in music, the name 
formerly given to the leading voice or instrument in a fugue. 
1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 2s.v. Hugue. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus., 
Dux, an early term for the first subject in a fugue—that 
which leads ; the answer being the comes or companion. 

Hence Du‘xship, the position of dux. 

1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. viii. (ed. 2) 192 In Scotch 
schools very generally. . Places are taken, tickets are given, 
and notices of the duxship are recorded. 

Duxite (dv ksait). Ax. [Named by Délter 
1874, from Dzx in Bohemia, where it is found.] 
A dark brown resin found as a layer on lignite. 

1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 695. ; 

Duyel, duyl, var. DoLe 5.2, grief, mourning. 

Duyker: see Duiker. 

Duyn(e, Duyr, Duyre, obs. forms of DwINE 
v., Door, DURE v. 

Duzan, obs. form of Dozen. 

Duzeper(e, duzze peres: see DouzEePERS. 

+ Dwale, sé.! and a. Ods. Forms: a. 1 dweola, 
dwola, dwala, 3 dwole, dwale, 3-4 duale. [In 
sense I, a variant of DWELE sé., = OE. *dwela, 
dweola, dwola, dwala, error, heresy, madness ; in 
sense 2 app. aphetic for OF. gedweola, -dwola, etc. 
error, heresy, madness, also heretic, deceiver ; f. 
ablaut-series dwel-, dwal-, dwol-: see DWELL v. 
Cf. OE. dwol- in comb. ‘erring, heretical’, and 
Goth. dwals ‘foolish ’.] 

1. Error, delusion; deceit, fraud. 

[c 900 tr. Beda's Hist. 11. xii. [xv.] (1890) 142 Seo megd preo 
gear in zedwolan wes lifiende.] ¢g50 Lindisf Gosp. Matt. 
xxvii. 64 And bid din hlatmesto duola wyrse from zrra. 
c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. vi. 24 Ne mazun Ze gode Seowize 
& dwale. ax2zg0 Owl § Night. 823 3if the vox mist of al 
this dwole, At than ende he cropth to hole. c12go Gen. & 
Ex. 4055 Wid win, and wlite, & bodi, & dwale. @ 1300 
Cursor M. 12841 Pe godds lamb, pan clenge sale pis wreched 
werld fra sinful duale. ézd. 14197 Qua walkes on nighter- 
tale O dreching oft he findes duale. 

2. Heretic, deceiver, transgressor. 

[c1000 AitFric Howe. (Th.) I. 290 pa forweard eac pes 
gzedwola mid his gedwylde. c1000 Blick’. Hom. 7 Pone 


“ealdan zedwolan (=Satan).] ¢c1z00 Ormin 7454 Off all piss 


labe leredd follc.. Wass ma33stredwale, an defless beww, 
pat Arriuss wass nemmnedd. ax250 Prov. Alfred 414 in 
O. E. Misc. 126 Ne myd manyes cunnes tales; ne chid bu 
wip nenne dwales. ¢ 1250 Gen. §& Ex, 1220 Til god him bad 
is wiues tale Listen, and don a-wei dat dwale. /did. 3404 
Ietro listnede moyses tale, Of him and pharaon de dwale, 

3. attrib. or adj. Heretical, perverse. 

c1250 Gen. § Ex. 20 Lucifer, Sat deuel dwale. 

4. Comb., as dwal-kenned a., heretical. 

¢ 1200 ORMIN 7441 Patt purrh dwallkennde lare Tahhtenn 
& turrndenn lawedd follc To lefenn wrang o Criste. 

Dwale (dwé'l), 54.2. Also 6-7 dwall, 7 dwaile. 
[prob. from Scandinavian: cf. ON. dv0l, dvalar, 
delay, dvaiz (Haldors.) delay, sleep, Sw. dvala 
trance, Da. dvale dead sleep, trance, torpor, dvale- 
drik soporiferous draught, dva/eber narcotic berry ; 
from same root as DWALE sd.!] 

+1. A stupefying or soporific drink. Ods. (Prob. 
in many instances, the juice or infusion of Bella- 


donna: see 2.) 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 26323 (Cott.) Lech pat suld..giue him for 
todrinc duale. ¢ 1340 /éid. 17708 (Trin.) Pei fel as bei had 
dronken dwale. c 1386 Cuaucer Keeve's 7. 241 Hem neded 
no dwale. This Millere hath so wisely bibbed Ale. +393 
Lanet. P. PZ. C. xxi. 379 The frere with his fisik pis folke 
hab enchaunted, And dop men drynke dwale. idan ot Crt. 
of Love 998 La anon, quod she, whate ? have ye dronken 

wale? 1585 Lupron Zhous. Notable Th. (1675) 73 Dwale 
..makes one to sleep while he is cut, or burned by cauteriz- 
ing. 1606 Breton Ourania M ij, As one receiving Opium 
or Dwall, Deprived of vital sence doth deadly fall. 

2. The Deadly Nightshade, Atropa Belladonna. 

In early use sometimes applied to a species of Winter 
Cherry (Physalis somnifera), and perhaps to other plants of 
similar properties. 

14.. Receipts in Rel. Ant. I. 324 For to take alle maner 


of byrdys..take juse of dwale and menche the on theryn; 
Zr —2 


DWALM. 


ley yt ther the byrdes hawnten, and wher they have 
therof, they shalle slepe. c1440 Promp. Parv. 134/1 
Dwale, herbe, morella aay ra, vel mortifera, 1538 | 
Tvanen Libellus, um soporiferum. 1552 
eT, Dwale, ‘herbe hau ge a py berrye within a 


Hu o! 
bladder’ ‘lyke a oe Gerarve Herbal 
or seemne ni; 
stalks sixe foote h age 


nm. li. tshade hath round 
blacki: OHNSON Seven 
Champ. u. M iv, As heavy a anette if ey had drunke 
the juyce of dwaile or the seede of poppie. 1861 Miss Pratr 
Flower. Pi. AV. 71 Dwale, or Deadly Nightshade. 

+3. In Her. sometimes used for sable. Obs. 

1562 Leicu Armorie (1597) 109 b, For Azure, | ni rwinke : 
for Sable, dwale. 1727-51 Cuamsers Cyel., vale, OY 
d@wad in heraldry..used by such as blazon with flowers ber] 
herbs, instead colours and metals, for sable, or black. 

, Awam (dwam), sd. Sc. and north. 
dial. Forms: 6-9 dwawm, 8 dwaam, 9 dwam, 
dwalm, dwaum. [orig. dwal/m, a deriv. of the 
verbal ablaut series mentioned under DWELL: cf. 
OE. dwolma confusion, chaos, abyss, OHG. ¢walm, 
MDnu. dwe/m stunning, stupefaction, giddiness, OS. 
dwalm delusion.] A swoon, a fainting fit. 

1500-20 Dunpar Poems Ixxiv. 17 Sic deidlie dwawmes so 
mischeifaislie .. hes my hairt ouirpast. 1566 Let. 23 Oct. 
in Keith Hist. Ch. & St. Scotl, u. App. (1734) 133 Hir 
Majestic .. hes had sum Dwaumes of Swouning, quhilk 
puttis Men in sum Feir. a 1774 FerGusson Cauler Water 
Poems (1845) 25 Though .. ony inward dwaam should seize 
us. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xxxix, ‘Sae he fell out o’ ae 
dwam into another.’ 1837 R. Nicott Poems (1842) 151 
Last Sabbath, as I sang the Psalm, I fell into an unco 
dwaum. 1892 v oethiembed, Gloss,, Dwalm, a slight illness, 
a faint fit. (Also in Glossaries of E. Yorkshire.) 

Dw: , dwam, v. Sc. and north. dial. [f. 
DwaLm sh] intr. To faint, swoon; to become 
unconscious ; also, to sicken or fail in health. 

1500-20 Dunsar Poems xxvii. 50 His hairt a littill dwam- 
yng tuke. 1513 Doucias Eucis ut. v. 55 3it thus, at arg 
said eftir hir dwalmyng. 1576 7ria/ Eliz. Dunlop in P.H 
Brown Scot. bef. 1700 (1893) 212 That causit hir to dwam. 
1892 Northumbld. Gloss. s.v., Ah dwalmed off to sleep. 
1895 Ian Mactaren Bonnie Brier Bush 31 He begood to 
dwam in the end of the eo 

Dwang (dweey ). [cf. Du. dwang force, 
ee bee ae f. dwingen to force.] 

1-76 Gwitt Lncycl. Archit. Gloss, Divang, a term 
si in Scotland to denote the short pieces of timber em- 
ployed in strutting a floor. 

\dwoif), sb. and a. Pl. -fs; Forms; a. 

1 duerz, dweors, dweorh, 2 aaenk, 4 dweru3, 
4-5 dwer3(e, 5 dwergh, dwargh(e, duergh, 
dwerk, 5-6 Sc. duerch(e, dorche, Droicu. 
B. 4 dweruf, 4-5 dwerf(e, dwerff.e, (dwrfe), 
5-7 dwarfe, 6-7 dwarff(e, 7 dwearf, 5- dwarf. 
yy. 4 duerwe, durwe, dwarw, 5 dwerwhie, 
dwerwe, dwerowe, duorow. 5.5 dwery, duery, 
dueri. [Comm. Teut.: OF. dwveorg, dweorh (:— 
dwerg), = OF ris. dwirg, OLG. *dwerg (MDu. 
dwerch, Du. dwerg, MLG. dwerch, dwarch, LG. 
dwark, "dwarf (Brem. Wbch.), dorf}, OHG. twerg 
(MHG. twerc, Ger. zwerg), ON. dvergr, (Sw., Da. 
dverg) :— OTeut. *dwergo-2 :~Aryan type +dh weér- 
ghos, represented phonetically in Gr. by aéppos 
(: —*rF éppos) ‘midge’. In English the word shows 
interesting phonetic processes: (1) the original 
guttural and vowel came down in Sc. duerch, duergh 
(whence dorch, and by metathesis DRoicn). (2) In 
Eng. dweorg became regularly dwarf (cor —: ar as 
in bark; g —: f as in enough, draft). But (3) the 
pl. dweorgas became dwerwhes, dwerwes, dwerows, 
dwarrows; and (4) the inflected form dweorge- 
es dwer phe, dweryhe, dwerye,dwery. From these, 

‘levelling’, arose corresponding forms of the 
nom. sing. Parallel forms appear in dargh, Lar, 
barrow, burrow, berry, from OE. beorg (:— berg) 
hill, and burgh, borough, burrow, bury, Brough, 
(burf, bruf), from OE. durz town.] 

. A human being much below the ordinary 
stature or size ; a pygmy. 

Epinal Gloss. 686 Nanus vel pumilio, duerg 
[so yt and Cott.) a 800 Erfurt Gloss. 1176 Humilia- 
manus, dueth. c 1050 Supp. Ailfric’s Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 
190/17 Pygmaeus .. dweorg. 1.. Semi-Sax. Voc. ibid. 
ined Nanus, dweruh. £3-; Sir Beues 2526 (MS. A.) 

ueri man me clepede dweru3. ¢ 1400 Maunpey. (Roxb.) 
xxxii. 147 Pai er lytill, lyke dwerghs. a 1400-50 Dt rar age 
1752 Slike a eprige ghd a — a dwer3e as pi-selfe, A 
a, a grege out ©1450 Hotiann Howlat 6 

‘hat wretchit dorche. “1460 Lybeaus Disc, 481 (M&tz.) The 
dwerk Teondele ate the stede be the rayne. 1483 C. ath. 
Angi, 111/2 A he, tantillus. 1508 Kennepie /ly- 
ting w. Dunbar os erch [v7.7 bags et I sall Ve Ss the. 

B. c13a5 Gloss W. de Biblesw. in hid 
Neym, a dwarw (dweruf). 1387 Trevisa Higden Rolls) 
a ae A dwerf of pe ynrede, of Mesenis. /bid. 

1g00 Maunpev, (1839) viii. 98 3acheus the ‘werk 
that dowk up in to the Sycomour Tre. 14.. Nowe. in Wr.- 
Wiilcker 689/14 Hic tantillus, a dwarf. a 1450 Le Morte 

Arth, 2058 A dwerffe shulde wende by hyr Fed 1590 
Hada ® ¥, Q.1.i.6 Behind her farre away a Dwarfe 

oop Life 24 Jay Edward Price, dwarff, be- 

longing t to Mert. Coll. 1711 prey 0 Spect. No. 

gor s The Damsel..to avoid Scandal, must have a Dwarf 

forher Page. 1843-46 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 3 lf a dwarf 

on the shouldnt of a giant can see ped than the giant, 
he is no less a dwarfin er, egg with the giant. 

fig. 1707 Norxis Humility. 197 A dwarf in goodness. 


and 
eten 


167 


| 


732 


XK. Alis. 6266 Durwes al so he ag 
ont ahab-ond and gud sette. ¢1320 Sir Tristr. 
Bove g a fs 
Parv. 134/2 Dwerowe (K. dwerwh, dwerwe, | 

werfe), manus. c1475 Pict. Voc. in Air Waleker $06 
_ ic ee a a. a (ed. ),N 

. 1412-20 LypG von, IV. xxxiii. 155 ° 
dwei he but lyke a loge. 1430-40 — pe ut. 
i. (MS. Rawil. C 8 63 a/1) t it ay falle a dwery 
led. 1554, Yf. 70 b/2 Drews in his riht Toutraie a = 
for al gretmyht. /did. vi. i. viii. (MS. Bodd. 263 
Now as a il lowe coorbed doun, Now a duery t S 
Rawil. C 448 OF 123 a, dueri] and now a Champioun. 

b. One of a supposed race of diminutive ' beings, 
who figure in Teutonic and esp. Scandinavian 
sthcleey and folk-lore ; often i entified with the 
elves, and supposed to be endowed with special 
skill in working metals, etc. 

1770 Br. Percy tr. Madlet's North. Antig. v. (1847) 98 
They made of his skull the vault of heaven, which is sup- 
ported by four dwarfs, named North, South, East, and West. 


| 1818 W. Taytor in A/onthly Mag. XLVI. 26 The history 


| ol A. 


| dwarfe jfiearee. or myre 


of Laurin, king of the dwarves. 1834 Lytton Pilgrims of 
Rhine xxvi, The ge King of the Dwarfs that preside over 
the dull realms of lead, 1846 J. E. ‘Taytor Fairy Ring 
Notes 363 The notion that the wicked elves or dwarfs had 
the power to steal children before their baptism is found 
also..in Iceland. 

2. An animal or plant much below the ordinary 
height or size of its kind or species. 

4 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 222 The Crab-stock for 
For Dwarfs Stocks of the Paradise or Sweet- 
Apple-Kernel. 1719 Lonpon & Wise Compl. Gard. 113 The 
Beauty of Dwarfs consists in a low Stem, an open Head. 
1785 Martyn Kousseau’s Bot. xiv. 158 You will be glad to 
entertain this pretty dwarf [the Persian Iris]. 1880 Miss 
Biro Fapan I. 170 The wistaria..As a dwarf, it covers the 
hills and roadsides, and as an aggressive liana it climbs the 
tallest trees. ; 

3. attrib. and Comb., as dwarf-armour, -king ; 
dwarf-worked (wrought by the dwarfs) adj. 

a 1661 Hotypay Fuvenal 240 The pygmie-warriour runs 
to fight In his dwarf-armour. 1853 Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 

17 Happy if I could do her any dwarf service. ae J 
oncacey Herew. iv, A gold ring .. right royally dwarf- 
worked. 1884 Cuitp Ballads u. xli. 361/2 A dwarf-king, 
elf-king, hill-king. 

B. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to a dwarf; dwarfish; of un- 
usually small stature or size ; diminutive; pygmy. 

1634 Ranvotrn A/uses’ Looking-el. vy. i, Their stature 
neither dwarf nor giantish. 1686 PLot Staffordsh., ‘Those 
little dwarf Spirits, we call Elves and Fairies. od 
Hooker Stud. Flora 342 Salix herbacea; very dwarf. x 
Miss Brappon Just as / am vii, Vhere were dwarf book- 
cases between the windows. 1882 Garden 25 Feb. 126/3 
The sweet perfumed double yellow Wallflower .. is much 
dwarfer than the old well-known yellow. 

> transf. Small, puny, stunted. 

34 Firz-Gerrray Bless. Birthd. 23 (T.) Great is this 
nd of godliness Exceeding man’s dwarf wit. 

" a. Used as the specific or trivial name of 
plants and animals of a height or size much below 
the average of their kind. See the sbs. 

Gerarve Herbal 1. ii. (1633) 3 Dwarfe Grasse is one 

least of Grasses. 1 Florio, Garzetta .. Also a 
ramble. 1641 Frencn Distill. 
i. (1651) Ebulus or Dwarfe Elder. 1712 J. James tr. 
Le Blond's Gardening 149 Dwarf- — . is made use of for 
panting the..Edgings of Borders. Veg. Subst. Food 
220 The dwarf kidney-bean. .a alee India. fear J 
called the French bean. 1861 Miss Pratr Flower. Pi. 

66 Dwarf Birch..a low shrub. 

b. Dwarf wainscoting: see quot. 1823. Dwarf- 
wall, any low wall; spec. one which forms t 
basis of a palisade or railing, or which supports 
~ joists under a floor. 

De For Plague A ) 37 A Dwarf-wall with a 
Pa isadoe on it. 1823 P Miceasou Pract. Build. 584 
Dwarf-wainscotting, that wainscotting which does not 
reach to the usual height. /did., Dwar/-wadls, those of 
less height than the story of a building: 1842-76 Gwi.r 
Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Dwarf Wainscoting. .usually three, 
four, five or six feet high. Sometimes called a Dado. 
Dwarf Walls .. sometimes the joists of a ground floor rest 
upon dwarf wails. os herd Law Limes oe LXVIL. 487/1 
Protected by dwarf w: cutting. 


Hence Dwa'rfdom, ome Sot a “yp te Dwa'rfess, 
(vare), a female dwarf. Dwa‘rfism, a dwarfed 
condition (in animals or plants). Dwvarflike a. 
Dwa‘rfship, the personality of a dwarf. 

ax618 Syivester Efist. i. Arctophilo to Arctoa Wks. 
aoe II. 331/1 To see his dwarfship court you to my face. 

mith Eng. Improv. Reviv'd 74 Dwarf-like trees. 

_ OLERIDGE Chk. $St. 111 Withits dwarfdom exaggerated 
by the contrast. 1835 Anster tr. 2nd Pt, Fanstus te Ie fae 
118 The dwarfess fair. 4 ‘Tennyson Princ. vu. + 
crushed among the — dwarf-like Cato cower'd. 
Morn. Star 18 July, n the origin of dwarfism in sae 

. The cause of Le i the writer supposes to be an 
accelerated developanent. 

Dwarf (dwoif), v.  [f. . sb.J 

1. trans. To render dwarf or dwarfish ; to hinder 
from growing to the natural size; to stunt in Soe. 

@ 1626 Bacon New A?v. (1886) 180 We make them 
taller than their kind is; and contrariwise dwarf t cod 
stay their growth. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 98 ? 1 The 
whole Sex is in a manner dwarfed and | shrank i into a race 
of Beauties that seems 1 
Carpenter Man. Phys. ~ 2) 251 Sucha limitation of the 
~—- as would dwarf t to any ble extent, 

be fatal to the life of an 1859 Darwin 
Orig. Spec. ix. 255 The seedlings were miserably dwarfed. - 


Standards : 


| Hur7 


DWELE. 


2. ¢ransf. and fig. To render small, 
ificant in extent, nature, character, 
W. Givserte in Ussher’s Lett. te. (0686 494 Hh He teas 

1690 CHILD 


en ome ieel Sonera 
UME £ss, veat. (1 |» 12. ot 
dwarfed & ‘“ ckmeoe 


the Eng. 
Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) 11. 74 The incessant 
of the same hand-work dwarfs the man, robs him of his 
strength, wit, and versatility. 

3. To canes to lock or mesurabeall, as by the near 


presence of a much higher or ot larger object, or by 
removal to a distance. /#¢. and 
Chambers’ Papers for People 

antago the sinking throne of the lerovingian kings 
of France. , 1870. Disracui Pg ny xxxi, There was an 
dwarfing th 1894 F “Peww  llpine Valle 

w the aj ENN Jn ey 
1. 40 A herd of t ray er peg greg valley, 
seemed to be dwarfed to the size of rabbits. 

4. intr, To become dwarf or dwarfed. 

1833 Tennyson Poems wt By him [Mark Antony] great 
cy See and suffers palo. 1880 1880 L. W ers Ben- 
he region where the herbage began 9 dwarf. 

Hence Dwa'rfing v4/. sb. and 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 536 Dwarfin: adler aslow Putting 
forth, and lesse Vigour of Mowsting. aie Byron Juan vim. 


“a 
insi 


It overshadowed 


Ixvi, Tall, and strong... Beyond the dw, city’s pale 
abortions, 1846 J. BAXTER Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. yes 
aa of dwarfing is another itldstration of the 
fact ‘an leaf-buds can be converted into flower-buds. 
(dwOaft), ppl. a. [f Dwarr z. + 
-ED1,]_ Rendered dwart-like ; stunted in growth. 


1849 Ropertson Serm, Ser. 1. ii. (1866) 29 A dwarfed, 
stunted..religion. 1859 Jeruson Brittany ix. 134 Dwarfed 
and gnarled oaks. 

Ilence Dwa‘rfedness. 

1886 W. F. Warren in Homilet, Rev. Jan. 53 All our 
deformities, all our dwarfedness. 

Dwarrfify, v. nonce-wd. [f. Dwarr + -Fy.] 
trans. To dwarf. 

1816 J. Gicurist Phil, Elym. 187 The .. dwarfifying 
tendency of [this] kind of learnin 

Dwarfish ( (dw9° afif), a. ‘te. Dwanrr sb. + -18H.] 


| Approaching the size of a dwarf, dwarf-like; of a 


stature or size below the average; pygmy, puny. 
Ds 73, Coorer 7hesaurus, Homuncio .. a litle man: 
arfishe fellow. 1590 SHaks. Mids. N. m1. ii. 295. Ean 
Npeaeee wet Beasts (1658) 23 In Ferraria among other 
strange beasts, they nourish dwarvish Asses. 1681 DrypDEN 
Sp. Friar Ded., A dwarfish thought, dressed up yA ol 
words. 1774 Gowns. Nat. Hist. (776) I II. 219 A whole 
race of the dwarfish breed is often found to come down 
from the north. 1825 MacauLay fea Milton (1854) 1. 22 


| Thedays. .of dwarfish talents and gi antic vices. Beck's 
Florist Aug. 183 It has a dwarfish ha i, is aypentione 
Hence Dwa ; Dwa‘rfishness. 


1656 Artif. Handsom. 75 Shrunk te & conctioney ae 
epitomized to a Decimo-sexto. ae 
like a dwarf. 1-4 Emerson Soy Ser. iL iL day ot 33 


To express thet ves § 
veri hly and e mentarily. 
Estrange Life (x 


Bee 
70) ILL. xii, 217 Written by a Mite 
— py Rat 's daughter, diminutive almost to dwarf- 
ishness. 


goin, EE aflin). [f. Dwarr sd. + -LING.] 
A small dwai pygmy. Also attrib. 


a1618 SvLvzster pha Bear xxxiii, When the 
Dwarfling did BF wy me, Me, Love’s most rebellious 
scorner. all Mall G. 19 19 Sept. 6/x Giant trees they 
are, and er the Bee <7 ito the shade, 


1880 P, Gitumore On Duty 147, 
trees, the dwarfness of which 
general dreariness. 
(dwO-fi), a. [f. as prec. + -¥1. 
the nature of or resembling a eye dwarfs 
Norpen Surv. Dial. (1 2 jungry 
duality thistle. 1775 fom ee ens App. 66 Where 
u_see the timber of a dwarf; and rene ares 1851 
eck’s Florist Dec. 281 If it but few short roots, 
the flower will & poor and dwarfy. 
Senecio wawm, var. of DWALM. 


Bete Oés. or dial. [cf. DWALE 362, 
and Ds hl ugg .] The berry of the Deadly 
Pens. on se Pur Delights Sor cate Recipe ba fy per 


b the name of Solanum lhale. Banquet 91 
day-betres and daffodil to gaze. itt Samput on Os 


Dwhble, obs. Sc. form of DouBLz. 
+ Dwele, s+. Oss. Also 3-4 dweole, 4 dwelle. 
=OE. *dwela, *dweola (dwola, dwala), or 
= phos, -dweola, -dwola, in same sense, . root 
as in next. Cf. ae sb] A al 
pen error, delusion, decei 


= aca 
Nyceaniscan der x. R 
pena pe ame rot 
c assion our 25 1n 0, 52 
pe laste dwvele wurse to alegge._¢ | Orison Ser Late 


60 Iluued ich ha 
~ web bane. 6 pee Semen al ben 


Siete 


DWELE. 


+ Dwele, v. Os. Forms: 1 dwelian, dweli- 
san, 2-4 dwele. [OE. dwelian (dweolian, dwo- 
lian), app. :—*dweldjan, f. e-grade of ablaut series 
dwel-, dwal-, dwol-: see DWELL.] 

1. intr. To wander, go astray; to err, be deluded. 

cgoo tr. Beda’s Hist. 1. iii. (1890) 270 Purh monize stowe 
dwoliende. Jdid. xxvii. 362 To Sem dwolizendum lzce- 
domum deofolzylda. c1ooo EtFric Hom. I. 384 Pet he 
swa lange on dam holte..dwelode. c1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt. 
xxii. 29 ze dweliab and ne cunnon halize ge-writu. c¢ 1175 
Lamb. Hom, 109 3if pe larSeu dwelad hwa bid siddan his 
a ape a 1300 £. LE. Psalter \ii[i]. 4 Pai dweled fra magh. 

. zntr. To be torpid, to be stunned, to swoon. 

13.. Seuynx Sag. (W.) 770 The cradel turnd up so doun 
on nd, Up so doun, in hire feghting, That the child lai 
dweling. 

Dwell (dwel), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. dwelt, 
now rarely dwelled (dweld). Forms: 1 dwell- 
an, 3 (Orm.) dwellenn, 3-6 duell(e, (4 dewelle, 
dowelle), 4-6 duel, dwelle, 4-7 dwel, 4- dwell. 
fa. t,a. 1 dwealde, 3 dwalde, dualde, duelde, 
4-5 dwelde, dwellede, 4- dwelled (4-6 -id, 
-yd). 8. 4 duelit, dwelte, 4-5 dwellet, -it, 
4-dwelt. [OE. dwellan, pa. t. *dwalde, dwealde, 
(later also dweltan, -ede, -ode) to lead astray, hinder, 
delay ; also zwtr. (for vefl.) to go astray, err; to be 
delayed, tarry, stay; corresp. to OHG. ¢wel/an, 
ON. duglja to retard, delay, zu¢r. to stop, MDu. 
dwellen to stun, make giddy, perplex :—OTeut. 
*dwaljan, causal of strong vb. of ablaut series 
dwel-, dwal-, dwol- (dul-), repr. by OHG. gitwelan 
to be stunned, benumbed, torpid, also to cease, 
leave off, give up, OS. fordwelan to cease, leave 
off, OE. pa. pple. gedwolen gone astray, gone 
wrong, perverted ; from an Aryan root dhwe/, dhil, 
appearing in Skr. dhwy, dhiir to mislead, deceive.] 

+1..tvans. To lead into error, mislead, delude; 
to stun, stupefy. Ods. 

888 K. Airrep Boeth, xxxv.§ 5 Me pinch pet bu me 
dwelize [AZS. Cott. dwelle]. Jbid., Du redest zr pat ic be 
dwealde. Ac me pinch selfum pzet ic be nauht ne dwelode 
[4S. Cott. dwelle]. c1000 AEvrric. Hom. 11. 492 Pa..dry- 
men ..ferdon him zxtforan mid heora scincrefte, bat folc 
dweliende. a 1300 Cursor M. 17708 Pei fell als pai in duale 
war dueld [Gétt. delued]. did. 28031 Quen yee sa bede 
your war to sell, Pe fole marchandis eth to duell. 

2. To hinder, delay. (Only OE.) 

axo00 Riddles xii. (Exeter Bk. \f. 103 b) Ic dysze dwelle. 
+3. intr. To tarry, delay; to desist from action. 
¢ 1200 OrMIN 9938 He nollde nohht Patt ani3 shollde 
dwellenn Ne dra3henn nobht fra da33 to da33. /zd. 13218 
[He] Ne dwalde nohht to kipenn himm. patt god tatt himm 
was awwnedd. cr [see Dwe tine 1]. @1325 Prose 
Psalter xiiii[i). 25 Arise vp, Lord; whi dwellestou? c 1386 
Cuaucer Nun's Pr. 7.330 Thilke tale is al to longe for to 
telle, And eek it is ny aay: I may nat dwelle. 1470-85 
Matory Arthur x1. vii, I drede we dwelle ouer longe from 
the sege. ' : 7 
4. To abide or continue for a time, in a place, 
state, or condition. Oés. or arch. 
c¢xz00 OrMIN 5576 Himm reowebb batt he dwellebp her 
Swa swipe lange onn eorbe. a 1300 Cursor M. 17288 + 393 
Sir, dwelle withe vus, for it is nerhand night. c1380 
Wyciir Wks, (1880) 318 Crist duelled in preyere al pe 
ny3t. @1483 Lider Niger in Househ. Ord. 66 If any 
sergeaunt .. dwelle in arerages, he to be sent into the 
ward of Marchalcye. 1550 CrowLey Efigr. 26 They be 
determined styll in their synne to dwell. 1596 SHaxs. 
Merch. V.1. iii. 157 Ie rather dwell in my necessitie. 1670 
Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 390 A man..would dwell in this 
contemplation of heaven, and be loath to come out of it. 
1797 Gopwin Enquirer 1. vi. 40 Their lines dwell upon our 
memory. 1896 J. Davipson Fleet Street Eclogues 25 
Fainter Voices Echo about the air and dwell and die, 

+b. Zo let dwell: to let (things) remain as they 
are, let alone, let be. Ods. 

€1435 Torr. Portugal 2105 Let we now this children 
dwelle, And speke we more of Desonelle. 

ec. Of a horse: (a) To be slow in raising the feet 
from the ground in stepping. (4) To pause before 
taking a fence. 

1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) U1. 48 They..are 
apt..to interfere or cut, and to ave upon the Ground (as 

Jockeys term it), /did. 76 The Horse that takes long 
Steps, and dwells upon the Ground. 1885 Sa¢. Rev. 14 
Feb. 206/1 Horses that ‘dwell’ at their fences are in our 
opinion, most objectionable hunters. 

da. Mech. To pause. See DWELt sé. 2. 

yd [see Dwexting 4]. 1888 C. P. Brooks Cotton Manuf. 
61 The slay dwells longer at the healds than at the cloth. 

5. Zo dwell on, upon (in): to spend time upon 
or linger over (a thing) in action or thought ; 
to remain with the attention fixed on ; now, es. to 
treat at length or with insistence, in speech or 
writing; also, to sustain (a note) in music. (The 
most frequent current use in speech.) 

‘fe Lanfranc’s Cirurg. a e dwellide on pe cure, 
and I wente my wey. c1470 Henry Wadlace 1. 246 Thai 
chargyt the geyler nocht on him to duell, Bot bryng him 

out of that vgly sell To jugisment.] 1513 DoucLas 

‘eis t. Prol. 246 Quhat suld I langar on his errouris dwell? 
58x Mutcaster Positions xliv. (1887) 285 Not to dwel 
longer on this point. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. 1/1, v. iii. 100 
Enterchange of sweet Discourse, Which so long. sundred 
Friends should dwell vpon. a J. Wricurt tr. Camus’ 
Nature's Paradox 222 Not to dwell any longer in these 
lawless proceedings. 1709 SreELE Tatler No. 28 P13 That 
Letter dwells upon the Unreasonableness of the Allies. 


733 


1816 Keatince Trav. (1817) 1. 33 The mind. .can make the 
eye dwell on the more pleasing parts. 1834 Mepwin Azgler 
in Wales 1. 274 Now she dwells on asingle note. 1848 MILL 
Pol. Econ. 1. v. § 3 (1876) 42 This proposition requires to be 
somewhat dwelt upon. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 495 
ase) is constantly dwelling on the importance of regular 
classification. q 

+6. To continue in existence, to last, persist; to 
remain after others are taken or removed. Ods. 

3: . Guy Warw. (Caius) 294 Yf I my sorowe hir doo not 
telle, Allas, wrecche, how shall y duelle? 1393 Zest. Edor. 
(Surtees) I. 186, I will that this place dwell still to my wyfe 
and to my childer. c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 49 For so 
pe schap of be lyme [=limb] mai dwelle faire and strengere. 
rg40or Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 83, I have chosen 30u alle, 
that 3e gon and beren fruyte, and 3our fruyte may dwellyn. 

7. To remain (in a house, country, etc.) as in a 
permanent residence; to have one’s abode; to 
reside, ‘live’. (Now mostly superseded by “ve in 
spoken use; but still common in literature.) 

¢ 1250 Gen. & Ex. 1106 Quile dat loth dwelledde dor. 1303 
R. Brunne Handi. Synne Prol.65 Y dwelled yn pe pryorye 
Fyftene 3ere yn cumpanye. 1470-85 Matory Arthur. xvii, 
His mayster Bleyse that dwelde in Northumberland. 1574 
Nottingham Rec. 1V. 156 The tenemente..wherein George 
Taylor lately dwelled. 1651 Hoppers Leviath, ut. xxxviii. 
240 The King that dwelleth in Heaven. 1798 Worpsw. IV 
are Seven, Two of us at Conway dwell, And two are gone to 
sea. 1874 GreEN Short Hist. i. § 1. 3 As they fought side 
by side on the field, so they dwelled side by side on the soil. 

transf. and fig. 1340 HampoLe Pr. Consc. 294 Bot na 
drede in pair hertes may dwelle. ¢ 1450 tr. De /iitatione 
1. i, go Reste in pe passion of crist, & dwelle gladly in hys 
holy woundes. 1667 Mitron P. Z.1. 250 Farewel happy 
Fields Where Joy for ever dwells. 1751 JortIn Serve. (1771) 
IV. i. 114 A faith which dwells in the heart. 1847 A. M. 
Gittiam 7rav, Mexico 177, I admire the love of country 
that dwells in the bosoms of Englishmen. 

+8. trans. To occupy as a place of residence ; 
to inhabit. Ods. 

1520 Sir R. Eryort Wild in Elyot’s Gov. (1883) 1. App. A. 
315 The tenement that she dwellith in Sarum. 1671 Miron 
P. R.1. 330 We..Who dwell this wild, constrained by want. 
1799 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. VII. 139 And now I 
dwell the cloister, sweep the ailes. 

+ 9. To cause to abide zz. Obs. 

1667 Mitton P. ZL. xi. 487 The promise of the Father, 
who shall dwell His Spirit within them. . 

Hence Dwelling /#/. a., remaining, lasting, 
abiding ; + Dwelt ff/. a., inhabited. 

¢1380 Wyciir Sev. Sel. Wks. I. 293 Apostlis chosen 
preestis..and maden hem dwellinge curatis, 1610 BrouGu- 
TON ¥ob xxxiv. 13 Who settled all the dwelt-land. 1650 
Trappe Comm. Lev. xix. 17 The neglect of this dutie breeds 
dwelling suspicions. 1872 A. SHapwett in J. E. Morgan 
University Oars (1873) 316 The blade long enough in the 
water to secure a dwelling stroke. 

Dwell, s+. Also 4 duell, dwel. [f. Dwett v. 
(Cf. ON. dvél stay, delay.)] The action or an act 
of dwelling. 

+1. Delay, stay, stoppage. Wéthoute(2 dwell: 
without delay, straightway. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 2831 Ne mak 3ee in pe plain na duell. 
Ibid. 12992 Fle sathanas, wit-vten duell. c1380 Sir 
Ferumb, 648 Pe iantail kny3t..spak with-oute duelle. /dcd. 
2646 Pat myn host may come withoute dwel. 

2. Mech. A slight pause in the motion of a part 
of a machine to give time for the completion of 
the operation effected by the particular part. b. 
The brief continuation of pressure in taking an 
impression with a hand-press. 

1841 Specif, Darker’s Patent No. 906s. 7 A dwell of suf- 
ficient length to insert the wire [in a carpet loom]. 1885 
Speci~. F. Fardine's Patent No. 4960. 4,1 am enabled to 
give a similar rest or dwell to the carriages at each ex- 
tremity of their motion. 1890 /vox XXXV. 269/t This 
positive standstill lasts..during the whole portion of the 
stroke [of the press], which is technically called the dwell. 

Dweller (dwe'le1). [f. DwELL v. +-ER1.] 

1. One who dwells or resides (in a place); an 
inhabitant, resident. 

1382 Wycuir /sa. xviii. 3 Alle 3ee dwelleris of the world. 
c1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lint. Mon. vi. (1885) 123 Dwellers 
vppon owre costes. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 2 §1 The 
owner or dweller of the howse .. then beyng theryn. 4 
N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 186 Enough to hold all the 
dwellers of it and their children. 1791 Cowrer //iad 1. 332 
The rude dwellers on the mountain-heights. 1834 Lytron 
Pompeii i. vy, The dwellers in a sunny clime. 

2. With oz: see DwEL v. 5. 

c 1600 Suaks. Sonn. cxxv, Dwellers on form and favour. 

3. A horse that ‘dwells’ at a fence. 

1885 Sat. Rev. 14 Feb. 206/1 Dwellers require very care- 
ful handling, for. .if hurried at their fences they will run into 
them instead of jumping. 

Hence + Dwe‘lleress, a female dweller. Ods. 

1382 Wyciir Yer. xxi. 13 To thee, dwelleresse [c 1440 
MS. Bodl. 277 dwelstere] of the sadde valey, and wilde feld. 

Dwelling (dwe'lin), vd/. sd. [f. Dweut z. + 
-InG1,] The action of the verb DWELL. 

+1. Delaying, delay; tarrying. Ods. 

e1300 Havelok 1352 Loke that thou dwellen nouth: 
Dwelling haueth ofte scathe wrouth. c1330 R. Brunne 
Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4965 Bot com, & make no dwellynge. 
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. metr. i. 1 (Camb. MS.) Myn vn- 
pietous lyf draweth a long vnagreable dwellynges [7 
moras) in me. c 
nicht, I dreid me for blami 

b. With on, upon: see DWELL v. 5. 


1832 B’ness Bunsen in Hare Zi/é I. ix. 380 It will not. 


bear dwelling upon. 


bs as 
75 Rauf Coilzear 239 For my dwelling to 
ie. 


DWILD. 


2. Continued, esp. habitual, residence ; abode. 
Also jig. 

1382 Wycuir Dax. v. 21 With feeld assis his dwellynge 
was. c¢1400 Ron. Rose 6208 Ne no wight may, by my 
clothing, Wite with what folk is my dwellyng. 1586 A. Day 
Eng. Secretary . (1625) 51 My dwelling with Master L. 
continued..even to this present day. 1648 Gace IVest /nd. 
xviii. 124 The healthiest and pleasantest place of dwelling 
that ever I came into. 

+b. ‘Residence’, accommodation. Ods. 

¢ 1460 Fortescur Ads. & Lint. Mon. xvii. (1885)151 He hath 
be pe yere iij. li. x4, be sydes his dwellynge in pe logge. 
1535 CoVERDALE 2 Avngs il. 19 There is good dwellynge in 
this cite.. but the water is euell. 

3. concr. A place of residence ; a dwelling-place, 
habitation, house. 

1340 Hampo.e Pr. Consc. 1368 Na syker duellyng fynde 
we here. 138@ Wycuir Yohx xiv. 2 In the hous of my fadir 
ben manye dwellingis. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 594/41 
Mansio, a dwellynge. 1535 CoverDALe 1 /'sd ras ix. 37 The 
children of Israel were in their dwellynges. 1613 Purcuas 
Pilgrimage (1614) 749 ‘They have no dwelling but their 
boats. 1667 Mitton /. Z. vil. 183 Good will Vo future men, 
and in thir dwellings peace. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 
43, I went back to my Dwelling. 1863 Gro. Etior Romola 
1. xx, A street of high silent-looking dwellings. 

Jig. 1655 Stantey fist. Philos. 1. (1701) 40/1 Enclosed in 
the narrow dwelling of the Mind. 1713 BerkeLey Guar- 
dian No. 3 ® 1 That bosom which ought to be the dwelling 
of sanctity and devotion. 

4. attri. and Comb., as dwelling cave, chamber, 
cottage, space, * stead, tent, etc.; dwelling action 
(see DWELL v. 4d). Also DWELLING-HOUSE, -PLACE. 

@ 1300 Cursor J. 14709 (Gott.) His duelling stede sal last 
in hell. @1340 Hamrote Psalter xxxviii. 17 Na duellynge 
stede haf i here. 1607 ‘lorsrii Serpents (1658) 793 The 
Sea-tortoises of India are so big, that with one of them they 
coveradwelling Cottage. 1718 BerKELEY 7ourin[talyWks. 
1871 IV. 593 The dwelling-seat of the Prince of Caserta. 1780 
Coxe Russ. Disc. 132 One of the dwelling-caves of the 
savages. 1836 Sfecif. Stansfeld’s Patent No. 7130. 2 Pro- 
ducing a gradual pressure and dwelling action of the lay or 
slay. 189 A/onth LXXIII. 25 Freight-cars .. turned into 
dwelling-caves for the ballast-men. 

Ilence Dwe‘llingless a., without a dwelling ; 
possessing or containing no dwelling. 

1882 Blackw, Mag. Feb. 244 A melancholy expanse—tree- 
less, dwellingless, manless, 1894 J/onth May 68 Whether 
they be styled dwellers in waggons, or be dwellingless. 

Dwe'lling-house. A house occupied as a 
place of residence, as distinguished from a house 
of business, warehouse, office, ete. 

1450-1530 Jdyrr. our Ladye 111 She mote make god 
mercyfull to vs, that was made hys dwellynge howse. 1592 
Nottingham Rec. WV. 238 Makinge his barnes into dwellyn 
houses. 1616 Surrt.& Marku. Country Karme 6 You must 
chuse the higest peece of ground to build your dwelling 
house vpon. 1777 Rozertson //ist. Amer. (1783) II. 190 
Even ina village of the rudest Indians there are. .dwelling- 
houses, 1893 Setous 7'vav. S. £. Africa 251 A comfort- 
able dwelling-house and several outhouses. 

Dwe'lling-place. A place of abode. 

¢1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. III. 197 Pei..han not here a 
dathenceplace for evere. c 1400 MaunDeEv. (Roxb.) viii. 
Na kirk, ne na chapell, ne oper dwellyng place. 15x I’. 
Witson Logike (1580) 78 b, None can tell almoste now a 
daies, where the good menne dooe dwell. Or if thei have 
dwellyng places still, yet fewe can finde them at home. 
1667 Mitton P. Z. 11. 57 For thir dwelling place Accept 
this dark opprobrious Den of shame. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. 
Iv. clxxvii, Oh! that the Desart were my dwelling place. 
1889 Jessope Coming of Friars iii. 119 The monastery was 
the common dwelling-place; the convent was the society of 
persons inhabiting it. 

+ Dwe'lster. Olds. rare. [f. DWELL v. +-STER.] 
A female dweller. 

c1 [see DwELLErEss]. 

tt Dwelth. Obs. Also 3 dweoled, dweoluh%e, 
dweolSe. [OE. type *dweluda, *dweoluda, from 
root dwel-: see DWELE, DWELL.] Error, delusion. 

a 1225 Aucr. R. 224 Pet heo was igon a dweoled [v.7. 0 
dweole}. a@1240 Ureisun 93 in Cott. Homt. 195 Alle kunnes 
dweoluhde. /did. 148 Pet. ne dweolde me ne derie. c 1420 
Chron. Vilod. 3149 So seke he was pat he speke o dwelthe. 

+Dweo'mercreft. 00s. [f. OE. *dwimer, 

*dweomer, in zedwimer, gedwomer illusion, sorcery, 
necromancy, gedwimere juggler, sorcerer + creft, 
CraFt.] Jugglery, magic art. 

c¢120§ Lay. 30634 And Peluz hit wiste anan purh his 
dweomer-creeften. 

Dweomerlayk = prec. : see DEMERLAYK. 

Dwer, var. DowER sb.1 Obs. 

+ Dwere. Ots. Also dwer. [Etymology un- 
known. (Cf. DiswEReE.)] Doubt, dread. 

cx14go Carcrave Life St. Kath. 1v. 1165 Thou seyde to 
hem thei shulde not be in dwere What thei shulde speke. 
c1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) u. xi, Ther- 
fore fallen some in dowte and dwere .. wheder they synned 
in tyme of temptacyon or noo, _¢1450 LonELicn Grai/Ixvi. 
18 Thus bothe the ladyes Enterid were In that same Abbey 
with-Owten dwere. ¢ 7450 Cov. Myst, Prol. (Shaks. Soc.) 
17 Alle woundere sore and have gret dwere. c 1460 Towne- 
ley Myst. (Surtees) 302 That maide us alle to be in dwere. 

Dwerf, dwergh, dwerowe, obs. ff. Dwarr. 

Dwete, obs. form of Dury. 

+ Dwild. Ods. Also3 (Orm.) dwilde, dwillde. 
[OE. dzwyld (dwila) :~*d(w)uldi (:—dhilti), from 
u- grade of *dwelan to err: see DWELL, DwALe.] 
Error, heresy. 

O. E. Chyon, an. 1122 Feole dwild wearen geseozen and 
geheord. /did. an, 1129 Nu werd swa mycel dwyld on 


DWINDLE. 


Cristendom. c1a0o Ormin 11147 Purrh hapenndom and 
dwilde, [Also in 10 other places.) 

e (dwi'nd’l), v. [A dimin. derivative 
of Dwrye v.: cf. KINDLE v.2_ Prob. of dialect 
origin: in Shaks., but little used before 1650.] 

1. intr. To become smaller and smaller; to 
shrink, waste away, decline. 

1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. /V, u. iii. 3 Bardolph, am I not 
falne away vilely..doe I not bate? doe I not dwindle? 
x — Mach. i. iii. 23 Wearie Seu’ nights, nine times 
nine, Shall he dwindle, peake, and pine. BuitHe 
Eng. Improv. Impr. (1652) 107 Corne will fall flat and 
dwindle or rot. @1661 Futter Worthies, Middlesex (R.), 
It grindeth the grain beforehand, making it to dwindle 
away almost to nothing. 1711 Bupcett Sfect. No 150 P 1 
Little Insults and Contempts, which. .seem to dwindle into 
nothing when a Man offers to describe them. 1764 GoLpsm. 
Trav. 126 Man seems the only growth that dwindles here. 
1831 Eart or Exain in Croker Papers 15 July, [The] Op- 
position. .dwindling down to thirty or forty. 1855 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. U1. 285 The party which on the first day of the 
session had rallied round Athol had dwindled away to no- 
thing. 1875 Jowerr Plaéo (ed. 2) IIL. 163 Polygamist peo- 
ples. .dwindle in numbers. 

In fa. pfle. (constructed with Je), denoting the resulting 
condition. (See also 2.) 

1674 CLarENDON //¢st. Red. vin. § 145 The rest were 
dwindled away. 1700 T. Brown tr. Fresny's Amusem. 
Ser. & Com. 130 Honour and Arms..is now almost dwindled 
into an Airy nothing. 1863 Kincstey Water-Bab. iii. (1878) 
134 Whether the fall be dwindled to a single thread. 

b. fig. To decline in quality, value, or estima- 
tion ; to degenerate, ‘ sink’. 

1678 ButLer //ud. 1. ii. 644 For Saints in Peace degene- 
rate And dwindle down to reprobate. a1704 T. Brown 
Sat. Fr. King Wks. 1730 1. 59 Thou that hast look’d so 
fierce, and talk’d so big, In thy old age to dwindle to a 
Whig. 1757 Burke Adridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. 1842 I. 
517 The ancient pretors dwindled into his legates. 1874 
Green Short Hist. 142 The writers dwindle into mere 
annalists whose view is bounded by the abbey precincts. 

+ ¢. To shrink (with fear). Obs. rare. (Prob. a 
misuse owing to two senses of shrink. 

1610 B. Jonson Alch. v. iv, Fac. Did you not heare the 
coyle, About the dore? Sud. Yes, and I dwindled with it. 

. trans. To reduce gradually in size, cause to 
shrink into small dimensions. 

1661 Futter Worthies m1. (1662) 56 Divine Justice, in- 
sensibly dwingling their Estates. 1679 rot. Conformist 
4 These Monsters..have dwindled the Wolf into a Fox. 
1710 Pict. of Malice 12 Dwindling the Prince below the 
Pigmy Size. 1867 G. GitFiLLan Night 1. 13 Like a star.. 
When dwindled by the moon to small sharp point. 

Hence Dwi'ndling vé/. sb. and f//. a.; Dwi'nd- 
ler, one who dwindles; Dwindlement (707ce- 
wd.), dwindling, shrinking. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes u. ii. 38 The Monks were. .not 
dwindlers, but of ample size. 1664 H. More Antid. dol. 
73 Mluminatrix cordium..would be but a dwindling Title. 
1857 H. Reep Lect. Brit. Poets 1. xv. 200 A dwa fish and 
dwindling race. 1863 Mrs. OLipHant Salem Ch. i. 22 With 
a sensation of dreadful dwindlement. 1884 Sfectat 
July 902/1 The dwindling of their majority. 

Dwi'ndle, s?. rare. [f. prec. vb.] The process 
b. 


of dwindling ; gradual diminution or decline. 
concr. A dwindled or shrunken object. 

1779-81 Jounson L. P., Milton Wks. II. 128 The hope of 
every day growing greater in the dwindle of posterity. 
1782 ELPHINSTON Martial 1. xciii. 173 Three hairs, and 
four teeth, are the dwindle Fell Chronus allows thy com- 
mand. 1847-78 Hatuwe.., Dwind/e, a poor sickly child. 
Kent. 

Dwindled (dwi'nd’ld), ps7. a. [f. as prec. + 
-ED!.] That has wasted away, or become gradually 
less ; shrunken ; reduced to insignificance. 


1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 14 He hath | 


a dwindled legge. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace iv. Wks, 1X. 


| arithmetic proposes to express all numbers 


86 The degenerate and pusillanimous impatience of our | 


dwindled race. 1828 Scotr /. Af, Perth xxxii, A poor 
dwindled dwarf. 1850 Ropertson Serm, Ser. 1. vii. 97 
This dwindled Humanity of ours. 

+ Dwindling (dwirndlin), sd. Obs. rare. [f. 
DwInDLeE + -ING3; cf. Dwintne sd.] A thing 
that dwindles or has dwindled away. 

a 1653 Piat Garden of Eden (1653) 39 Your pompions 
will prove but dwindlings. 

e (dwain), v. Now Sc., dial., and arch. 
Forms: 1 dwinan, 3-8 dwyne, (4 duin(e, 5 
dwynne, 6 dwinne, ‘Sc. duyn(e), 4- dwine. 
[OE. dwinan, dwdn, dwinen, an original Teut. 
strong vb., represented by ON. dvina (Sw. dvina, 
MDu. dwfnen, early mod.Du. dwijnen (Kilian 
np Du. verdwijnen to vanish, disappear), 
MLG. and LG. dwinen. The strong inflexions are 
not found after OE. period. Cf. also Forpwine. } 

1. intr, To waste or pine away; to decline in 
vigour, languish, fade, wither, 

c1000 Sax. Leechd. 1. 82 Donne dwineb seo wamb sona, 
cxogo Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 506/35 T #, dwinan. 
@ 1300 Cursor M, 23695 Wit sere colurs ; pat neuermar sal 
dime ne duine, cx Will. Palerne 578 Sche dwined 
awaie bope daies and niztes. cx yetir Serm, Sel. 
Wks. IL. 34 [It] comep above pe erpe soone, but it dwynep 
anoon. 1§13 Douctas Zneis 1x. vii. 149 Lyke as the 

uurpour flour... Dwynis away, as it doith faidor de, a@ 1598 

oLtock Sel, Wks. (Wodrow Soc.) IL. 591 John’s faith and 

Peter's zeal were languishing and dwining. @ Mont- 


comerie Misc. Poems xxii. 4 My hevy hairt, Quhilk dayli 
duyns, bot nevir dees. a 1818 acum. Poet. Wks. 184 ) 
98 how he’s dwining wi’ care. 1825 Brocketr NV. 


Gloss., Dwine, to pine, to be in a decline or consumption, 


734 


1886 Lavy Verney in Gd. Words 181 Put the plant i | 


a splendid..vase, in which it dwined and dwind! 
Spectator 21 Dec. A which .. must, to use a fine 
though half-forgotten word, begin to dwine away. 

2. trans. To cause to pine or waste away. rare. 

1591 MontGomerte Cherrie § Slae 752 His deidly drouth ; 
bs hilk pynis him, and dwynis him To deid. 1894 ETT 

‘aiders (ed. 3) 360, I will dwine your flesh on your bones. 

Hence Dwined £f/. a.; Dwining vé/. sd. and 
ppl. a.; also Dwine sd., decline, wane. 

7a 1366 Cuaucer Rom. Rose 360 Drye and d al for 
elde. "1536 BeLLeNDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) 11. 60 Ambrose 
--fell in ane dwinand seiknes. 1583 Stanynurst nets 
u. (Arb.) 61 His old dwynd carcas. Bice Wodrow Corr. 
(1843) II. 403 Our dwining, sinking condition. 1820 Blackw. 
Mag. June 280, I’ the dwine o’ the moon. 1830 Scorr 
Demonol, ix. 289 For long dwining and ill heal. 

+ Dwining, sd. Obs. rare. [f. Dwine v. + 
-ING 3.] One who pines away, a sickly creature. 

a 1400-50 Alexander 1752 Slike a dwinyng, a dwa3e, and 
a dwer3e as hong 

Dwile, ly, obs. forms of DoE sd.2, DuLY. 

Dwme, Dwole, obs. forms of Doom, DwALe. 

Dwr, Dwresse, obs. forms of Door, DuREss. 

Dwrfe, obs. form of Dwarr. 

Dwt., abbreviation for ennyweight : see D. 

Dwte, Dwwe, obs. forms of Dury, Dug. 

Dy, obs. form of Dir. 

Dya, Dya-, var. Dia Oés. drug; obs. f. Dia-. 

(daiéd). Also 7 diad. [ad. L. dyas, 
dyad-, a. Gr. dvds, 5va8-, the number two.] 

1. The number two; a group of two; a couple. 
Cf. DuaD 1 

1675 R. Burtnocce Causa Dei 244 Now a Monad and 
a Diad, or One and Two, makes Three. —_ CupworTH 
Intell. Syst. 372 The Writer..doth affirm Py’ 
have enn 
a Monad and a Dyad. 1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. (1849) 
37 Pythagoras likewise inculcated the famous numerical 
system of the monad, dyad, and triad. 1885 F. Hact in 
Ballantyne's Sinkhya Aphorisms 224 The gross product of 
Nature, viz. the great elements and the dyad of bodies. 

2. In specific uses: a. Chem. An atom, radical, 
or element that has the combining power of two 
units, i.e. of two atoms of hydrogen. 

1865 Reader 1 Apr. 372/2 Each of these atoms combines 
usually with three monads, or with one dyad and one 
monad. 1873 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 250 Sulphur, selenium, 
and tellurium, are usually regarded as dyads. 

Biol, A secondary unit of organization con- 
sisting of an aggregate of monads. Hence dyad- 
deme. 1883 [see Deme]. 

c. Pros. A group of two lines having different 
rhythms. 

1885 B, L. Gitpersteeve Pindar p. liii, Dyads and triads 
there are in Pindar, but they do not disturb the rhythmical 
working of the odes. 

8. attrib, or as adj. =Dyanic. 

1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 266 Copper is a dyad element. 
1881 Athenxum 26 Mar. 433/1 He has also prepared the 
hydrate and oxalate of the dyad radical (C2 Hz Hgs Oy). 

yad, Dyaf, Dyap, ME. (Kentish) forms of 
Dean, Dear, DEATH. 
Dyadeeme, obs. form of DIADEM. 
ic (daizedik), a. (sb.) [ad. Gr. vadie-ds of 
the number two.] Of or pertaining to a dyad or 
group of two. Dyadic arithmetic: binary arith- 
metic, in which the radix is 2, Dyadic disyntheme : 
see DUADIC. : 

1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyc’. s.v. A rithmetic, Binary or Dyadic 
Arithmetic is that, wherein only two figures, unity, or 1, 
and o, are used. 1800 Monthly Mag. X. 43 The dyadic 
by two char- 
acters, 1 and o,..Thus, 1 is represented 7 1,2 by 10) 4 bi 

and 8 by 1000, 1882 Scuarr Lncycl. Relig. Knowl. 
IIT. 2395 Up to 360, the whole development [of the doctrine 
of the RF inity) was markedly dyadic 
b. Chem. Of the atomic constitution of a dyad, 
1873 Fownes’ Chem, 395 Cadmium, like zinc, is dyadic. 
. sb. = Dyadic arithmetic. 
. M. Mackie Leiénits 187 Leibnitz invented the 


ime, reckoning with zero and unity.) 
Dyakis-dodecahedron (doi-akis,doudrka- 
hrdrgn). Cryst. [f. Gr. dvdms twice, f. bo two 


+ DODECAHEDRON.] A crystalline form contained 
by twenty-four trapezoidal planes having two sides 
equal ; = DreLonEpRoN, Dipioip. 

1881 H. Baverman Textbh. Syst, Min. 54 The same rela- 
tion holds good with its hemihedral form, the dyakisdode- 
cahedron which under similar conditions passes into a pen- 
tagonal dodecahedron, 1883 M. F. Hepore in Lncyel. 
Brit, XVI. 355 The dyakisdodecahedron .. has twelve 
short, twelve long, and twenty-four intermediate edges, 

e, obs. form of DEacon. 
Dyal-, Dyam-, Dyap- : see DIAL-, etc. 
(dai‘aski). asd spelling of 
Diarcuy, of less ri ae ogical authority.) = 
Diarcuy ; government by two rulers. $ 

1885 Academy 10 Oct. 231/2 The imperial government is 
a Dyarchy, says Dr. Mommsen. 1886 Eng. Hist. Rev. 1. 
350 hag ‘dyarchy’ of senate and emperor is taken for 
granted, 

Dyas (daivs). Geol, [a. Gr. duds: see Dyap. 
After Zyias.] Aname for the Permian system. 


flare 3 273 The lower 
ones and magnesian limest or double 


| Stud. X1. 511) refers also L. 
thagoras to | 
Two Substantial Principles Self-existent, | 


| “cule. 


DYE. 


In the place of Murchison’s term ‘ Permian’. 
continental geologists in using Marcou’s rather 

Hence Dyassic (doi,x'sik), a., Permian. 

1878 Lawrence tr. Cotta’s Rocks Class. 105 Rocks 
it g unmistakably to the Rothliegende or Dyanil 

, Dyastole: see Dia-. 

Dyat(t, obs. form of Dier. 

Dyaue, ME. (Kentish) form of Drar. 

Dycare, obs. form of 

Dyce, dice (deis), adv. Naut. [History ob- 
scure.] Assumed to mean ‘ thus’. 

c 1860 H. Sruart Seaman's Catech. 
ing of ‘ very well thus’; ‘ dice and no hi 
‘ood direction, but no closer to the wind. 
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., ‘Very Well Dyce.’ 


to the helmsman to keep the ship in her present direction, 


be- 
age. 


Dike. Dyctee, -ye, obs. forms of Dirty sd. 
Dydapper, -dopper, obs. ff. Dmaprer. 
Dyde, obs. form of Deap, Deep, Dm, Dizp. 


Dye (cai), ss. Forms: 1 déaz, déah, 3-4 dehe, 
6-9 die, 7- dye. [OE. had déag, déah fem., gen. 
déage (:—OTeut. *daugd-), for which a ME, dehe (= 
dea3e,de3e) is known in13the. Thiswould give later 
deye, dey, also (as with Diz v. and Eryx) dye, die. 
The word is not known thenceforth till the 16th c., 
when we find de: see the vb. 

(The OTeut. *dangd- indicates an ablaut series deng-, 
daug-, dug-, Aryan *dheuk-, etc., to which Kluge (Engi. 
JSicus, and ficdre to dye.)) 

1. Colour or hue produced by, or as by, dyeing ; 
tinge, hue. 

c 1000 Erric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 152/18 Tinctura, deah. 
c1000 AELFric Hom. 11. 254 Se wolcn-reada wafels .. mid 
Sere deaze hiwe. —— vayer to Our Lady 20 in O. E. 
Misc. 193 And mi tohte rude iturnd al in-to odre dehe 
[rimes bisehe, ehe, leihe). 1 Greene Mi (Arb.) 
41 Girt with a crimson roobe of brightest die. BuTtLer 
Hud. 1. i. 243 His tawny Beard In .. cut and dye so like a 
rver Acc E. India & P. 24 Till..we 
deeper Water, North East, of a Carulean dye. 
Appison Rosamond u. iii, Deck’d with flow’rs of various 
dies. 1740 Somervitte Hobdinol ut. 358 Fragrant Spice, 
or Silks of costly Die. 1812 J. Witson /sle of Palms 11. 88 
Wings and crests of rainbow dyes. z 

b. fig. Chiefly in such phrases as a crime, fact, 
etc. of blackest or deepest dye, and the like. 

1601 Corxwatiyrs Ess. xvii, I never yet saw iy! of so 
deepe a Dye. 1605 7ryail Chev. ui. iti. in Bullen O, P?. 
IIL. 314 True Maier is such That malice cannot stayne 
nor envy tuch. pe: 4 im T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 244 
A Treason of an ugly dye. 1752 A. Murrny ‘s-Inn 
Frnl. No. 5.§ 1 A Fact..of as Glaring a Die as I have 
ever known. 1819 Mackintosu Sf, Ho. Com.2 Mar. Wks. 
1846 III. 370 Crimes .. of the blackest die. 1885 Manch. 
Exam. 16 June 4/7 He is a criminal of the deepest dye. 


2. A material or matter used for dyeing; es. 


colouring matter in solution. 
crooo Aiirric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 152/19 Coccus, read 
deah. deag wed telz. 


with no — die Adulterate. 1816 J. Smitn Panorama 


Se. & Art ..which require no mordant, are 
called persan moun pec 1856 Sraney Sinai § Pal. 
vi. (1858) 269 The purple shellfish .. supplied the Phoenician 


merchants with their celebrated dye. 


b. As a constituent or pro of the cloth. 

1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 200 the dye is very fast, 
the cloth may be d repeatedly through the machines 
. Without being affected. 


8. attrib. and Comb, as dye-drug, -pot, -trial, 
-vat (-fat); dye-bath, dye-beck, the wide shal- 
low vessel containing the dyeing liquid ; also the 
colouring matter therein pe, Mer dye-stone, 
an iron limestone, used as a dye in U.S.; dye- 
stuff, dye-ware, a substance which yields a dye ; 
dye-works, works in which dyeing is carried on. 
Also Dy£-HOUSE, -WooD. 

1875 Ure's Dict. Arts IL. 168 But in its state of freshness 
its volume becomes troublesome in the *dye-bath. | /d#d. I. 
611 The mordant..is apt togive wpa porte from the cloth 
in the *dyebeck. Cassell’s Techn. Educ, m. 198/2 A 
solution of it is in the dyebeck—a long vessel con- 
taining the dye in solution. 1842 Biscnorr Woollen 
Manuf. 11. 267 ‘The duties upon oil, *dye-drugs, and areas 
other i 1640 Pa ed agntievcal ) 602 
ee ae sede ons Got Ke Why 
“a the least tincture in the 


P 


V. 5s Wool which never received 
dye fat. 
pe tee to 
cuoer Woollen Manuf. Let a Low 
Penny Cyci. UX. 226/2 
works in Alsace. 

(doi), v. Pa, t. and pple. dyed ; pr. 
dyeing. Forms: 1 déazian, dézian, 


con 
between dit dyeis 
Dict, spells ie 5 


Ee 


DYE. 


1. trans, To diffuse a colour or tint through ; to 
tinge with a colour or hue; to colour, stain. 

axooo Aldhelm Gi. (Napier, O. E. G2) 1. 1208 Fucare, 
deagian. bid. 5196 Inficere, deaghian. bid. 5330 Colo- 
ratis, deagedum. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. viii. 
(1495) 866 Red clothe dieth the vtter parti of water yf it is 
aeed there vnder. /é7d., Many thynges dyeth and colour- 
yth thynges wythout and not wythin: as it fareth in peyn- 
ture. cxgo0 Melusine xxxi. 229 The dyches watre was as 
tourned & dyed with theyre blood. 1667 Mitton P. JZ. x. 
I So much of Death her thoughts Had entertaind, as 
did her Cheeks with pale. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) II. 258 
My hands with blood of innocence are dy'd. 1826 Coorer 
Mohicans (1829) I. iii. 45 It fell, dying the waters with its 
blood. 1892 GarvINER Student’s Hist. Eng. 9 They dyed 
their faces in order to terrify their enemies. 

b. sfec. To impregnate (any tissue or the like) 
with a colour, to fix a colour in the substance of, 
or to change the hue of by a colouring matter. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. Epil, 12 Him nedeth nat his 
colour for to dyen With brasil. c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 
180 Pow schalt die hise heeris if bei ben white, wip tincture 
pat ben forseid. ray 3 Mann, & Househ, Exp. 178 Saffe 
he axithe alowanse ffor dyeynge xvj. 3erdys cloth .xj.d. 
@1§77 GascoicNe /owers, etc. Wks. (1587) 309 Nor useth 
art, in deing of hir heare. 1654 tr. Martini’s Cong. China 
34 Black and purple horse-hair, which they die and dress 
most curiously. 1816 J. Smit Panorama Sc. §& Art Il. 
527 The most usual stuffs or materials which are required 
to be dyed, are wool, silk, cotton, and linen. 

Jig. 1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 418 As it were dye 
your wit in their unchaungeable colours. a@1700 DryDEN 
(J.), All white, a virgin saint she sought the skies; For 
marriage, though it sullies not, it dies. 

e. Phrase: Zo dye in (the) wool, in grain, to 
subject to the action of a colouring matter while 
the material is in the raw or primitive state ; the 
effect of which is more thorough and lasting than 


when done after it is ‘made up’. /¢. and fig. 


¢ 1386 [see sense 2a]. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 651f | 


he had not through institution and education (as it were) 
died in wool the manners of children. 1679 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 1449/4 A peice of half Ell green double Camblet dyed 
in the Wool. 1798 EpGewortu Pract. Educ. I1. 351 Dyed 
in grain, means dyed into the substance of the material so 
that the dye can’t be washed out. 

2. Various constructions ; a. with the colour as 
object. 

1386 Cuaucer Sgr.’s 7. 503 So depe in greyn he dyed 
(Lansd. deiede] his coloures. ¢ 1386 — Frank. Prol. 53 
Colours ne knowe I none..But..swiche as men dye [so 
all 6 texts; Wright deyen] or peynte. 1530 Patscr. 515/2 
‘This dyer dyeth none other coloures but onely scarlets. c1600 
Suaks, Sonn. xcix, The purple pride .. In my love’s veins 
thou hast too grossly dyed. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts I. 173 
Green .. is produced by dyeing a blue over a yellow ora 
yellow over a blue. 

b. with complement: To dye (a thing) red, blue, 
etc., or of (‘+ 270, to) some colour. 

1412-20 LypG. Chron. Troy 1. v, Whose blewe is lightly 
dyed into grene. 1486 Bk. St. Albans Aijb, It hade need 
to be died other green or blwe. 1590 SpENsER J. Q. 11. i. 39 
A stream of gore..into a deepe sanguine dide the grassy 
grownd. 1717 Lapy M. W. Monrtacu Let. to C’tess Mar 
x Apr., They die their nails a rose colour. 1753 CHAMBERS 
Cyct. Supp. s.v. Dyeing, He uses it daily to dye any thing 
woollen to a scarlet colour. 1875 Uve’s Dict. Arts II. 164 
Moses speaks of a raiment dyed blue. 1883 J/anch. Guar- 
dian 30 Oct. 8/4 The rain .. in this red sandstone country 
soon dyes the stream of a dark red. 

e. absol. or with compl. only. 

1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II, 180 The madre and woode 
that dyers take on hande To dyne wyth. 1467 in Eng. 
Gilds (1870) 383 Wher they be persones ynogh ., to dye, 
carde, or spynne. f& Suaxs. 1 Hen. JV, u. iv. 16 They 
call drinking deepe, dying Scarlet. 1862 LinpLEy Sch. Bor. 
56 Genista tinctoria.. Dyes yellow. 

3. intr. for pass. To take a colour or hue (well 
or badly) in the process of dyeing. 

Mod. This material dyes very well. 

Hence Dyed //. a. 

¢ 1645 Howett Left. vi. 9 Alderman Cockeins project of 
transporting no White Cloths but Died. 1863-72 Warts Dict. 
Chem. 11. 354 A piece of dyed cotton. 1876 A. ARNOLD in 
Contenip. Rev. June 30-A henna-dyed follower of Islam. 

Dye, obs. form of Dir wv. and sé. 


Dyead, Dyeath, Dyeaue, obs. ff. Dian, 
Deratu, DEAF. 

Dyedral, obs. var. DIHEDRAL. 

‘-house!, The building in which a dyer 
carries on his work, 

1465 Mann. & Househ, Exp. 179 Edward Bernard that 
dweld in hys dyhowse. 1545 Act 37 Hen. VI/I,c. 12 § 9 
Wheare anny personne shall demyse any dyehouse or Brew- 
house, 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3261/4 Some of them Broke 
open a Dye-House at Bow. 1876 Haxcuos? Hist. U.S. 
VI. xxx. 87 Trees, useful in the workshop and the dye-house. 

Dye-house?, dial. var. of Dry-HousE (Grose). 

eing (doin), vi/. sb. Also 6-9 dying. 
[f Dyz v.+-1ne1.] The process of impregnating 
with colour; esp. the fixing of colours in solution 
in textile and other absorbent substances. 

c¢ 1000 Aiirric Hom. 11. 464 Ne mihte se wuldorfulla Salo- 
mon, ne nan eordlic cyning swa wlitize deagunge his hraz- 
lum tan swa swa rose haxd. 1530 Patscr. 213/2 
Dieng with colour, taincture, 1548 Act 2 § 3 Edw. VI, c. 
26 Preamb., White Ashes..are very necessarie .. for the.. 
dyinge and scowringe of wollen clothe. 1y3t-$9 MILLER 

ard, Dict. (ed. 7) s.v. Cesalpinia, The Brasiletto wood 
which is much used in Dying. 1877 C, O’Net in Zncycé. 
Brit. Vil. 570/2 The term dyeing .. is usually confined to 
the colouring of textile fibrous materials by penetration. 


735 


b. attrib. and Comb., as dyeing-drug, -earth, 
-goods, -herb, -liquor, -material, -stuff, -wood, etc. ; 
also dyeing-frame, one on which articles are 
hung when dipped simultaneously into the dye. 

1530 Patscr. 213/2 Dieng fatte or leed, couéer. 1670 R. 
Coxe Dise. Trade 34 Allsorts of Dying stuffs, Hides, [etc.]. 
1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 161 Dying-woods 
and dying-earths. 1735 BerkeLey Quertst § 509 Saffron, 
dying drugs, and the like produce. 1813 Sir H. Davy 
Agric. Chem. (1814) 73 Dyeing materials are furnished by 
leaves, or the petals of flowers. 1875 Uve’s Dict. Arts II. 
792 When the dyeing-frame is raised up out of the copper, 
it should be tilted on one side. 

Dyep, obs. (Kentish) form of DEEP. 

Dyeper, obs. form of D1aPEr. 


Dyer (dai‘a1). Also 4 dighere, dyhjere, 6-7 


dyar, dier, -ar. [f. Dye v.: OE. type *déagere.] 

1. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and other 
materials. 

1369 in Riley Lond. Ment. (1868) 337 Victor de Male, 
dighere. c1386 Cuaucer Prol. 362 A Webbe, a Dyere, 
and a Tapicer. a@1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 359 Pe mayster 
dyh3eres of peyntours in pe citee. 1562 Butteyn Bf. 
Simples 47, With this Diars colour their Wolle withall. 
axz610 Heatey Theophrastus (1636) To Rdr., A great 
water-pot likea Diers fat. 1724 Swirr Drafier’s Lett. Wks. 
1755 V.11.94 A piece of black and white stuff just sent from 
the dyer. 1838 T. Tuomson Chem. Org. Bodies 368 Indigo 
employed by the dyers or calico-printers. 

b. A variety of grape. 

1865 Daily Tel. 20 July, Grapes are already in the market, 
and the especial one known as the ‘ dyer’, from being used 
to colour various wines, is beginning to blush. 

2. Combinations of dyer’s: a. dyer’s bath = 
Dyr-BATH; +dyer’s grain, the coccus insect, 
kermes; dyer’s spirit, tin tetrachloride, employed 
asa mordant. b. In the names of plants used for 
dyeing: dyer’s alkanet, bugloss, duchusa tinc- 
toria (Ure's Dict. Arts 1875); dyer’s broom, 
whin, Genista tinctoria, also called dyer’s green- 
weed, Dyers weed, and woadwaxen; dayer’s 
grape, Phytolacca decandra (Miller Plant-n. 1884); 
dyer’s-moss, archil; dyer’s oak, Quercus in- 
fectoria, the galls of which yield a dye; dyer’s 
rocket, Reseda Luteola, also called dyer’s yellow- 
weed ; dyer’s woad, /satis ¢¢nctoria (see WOAD). 

rggr Percivau Sf. Dict., The tree whereon diers grayne 
groweth, Coccus infectorius. 1597 Grrarpe Herbal i. 
XViii. (1633) 1317 The Greenweeds..do grow to dye clothes 
with. It is called..in English Diers Greenweed. 1854 
S. Toomson Wild F7, ut. (ed. 4) 236 The..yellow-flowered 
Genista tinctoria, or dyer’s green-weed, or woad-waxen, 
1860 Oriver Less. Bot. (1886) 124 Dyer’s Woad (/satis 
tinctoria). 1861 Miss Pratr Flower. Pl. 1. 157 Reseda 
Luteola, Dyer’s Rocket. bid, II. 81 Genista tinctoria, 
Woad-waxen, Dyer’s-whin, Dyer’s weed, or Greenweed, 

Dyer, obs. form of Drer, one who dies. 

Dy-er’s weed. A name given to plants that 
yield a dye: esp. Yellow-weed or Weld, Reseda 
Luteola; also Dyer’s greenweed or Woadwaxen, Ge- 
nista tinctoria, and Dyer’s woad, /satis ténctoria. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xlvii. 68 Of Dyers weede .. The 
leaues of this herbe are..not much vnlike the leaues of 
Woad..It is vsed of Dyers to colour and dye their clothes 
into greene, and_ yellow. 160 ButrHe Lung. Liuprov. 
Impr. (1653) 224 In our English Welde or Dyars-Weed. 
1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. xx. 280 Dyers-weed or Weld 
grows common in barren pastures, dry banks, and on walls. 
1861 Miss Pratt 7, P/. 11. 81 [see prec.]. 1866 7 reas. Bot., 
Dyer’s-weed .. also .. /satis tinctoria. [bid. s.v. Reseda, 
R. Luteola, the Weld, Yellow-weed, or Dyer’s Weed, 

Dyery (doi‘eri). [f. Dyk+-(z)ry.] A place 
where dyeing is carried on ; a dyeing establishment. 

1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. V. In this town are 
manufactures of stuffs and linen, as also a dyery. 1884 
J. Payne 1oor Wes. VIII. 298 The door of the dyery. 

Dyery, obs. form of Datry. 

Dyester (doi'stez). Now Sc. arch. Also 4 
diestere, -are, 5 deyster. [f. Dyr v. + -STER. 
Cf. DextER sb.] =Dyer. 

@ 1350 Childh. Fesus 1158 (Matz.) He cam to a diestare, 
And seide he coupe of his mestere, Pis diestere with oute 
blame Of pis hadde game. 1497 Will of ¥. Thomlynson 
(Somerset Ho.), I John Thomlynson of Coventry, Deyster. 
1818 Scott Hrt. Midi. vii, That dyester’s pole is good 
enough for the homicide. x857 aM cetettd Roxburghshire 
II. iii. 120 In 1736 Robert Dick, a dyester, was summoned. 

Dyety, Dyeve, obs. forms of Deity, Dive v. 

Dye’-wood. Wood yielding a dye. 

1699 Dampier Voy. (R.), Here are dye-woods, as fustick, 
&c, 1812-16 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 92 Several 
woods. .of foreign production, such as dyewoods..we pass 
over. 1863-72 Watrs Dict. Chem. Il. 354 This isa style 
of calico-printing in which one or more mordants are mixed 
with dye-wood decoctions or other coloured solutions, 

Dyf-: see Dir-. 

Dygne, dygnyte, obs. ff. Dianz, Dienrry. 

Dygogram (deigogrem). [See quot. 1862.] 
A diagram consisting of a curve showing the varia- 
tion of the horizontal component of the force of 
magnetism exerted upon the ship’s compass-needle 
by the iron in the ship’s composition while making 
a circuit or curve. 

1862 A. Smita Deviat. Ship's Compass App. ii. 151 
Graphic rep ions of the and direction of the 
forces which act on the magnetic needle. These repre- 
sentations are designated by the general name of ‘ Dygo- 
gram’, a contraction for ‘ Dynamo-gonio-gram’ or ‘ Force 


DYNAGRAPH. 


and angle diagram’, 188r Maxwetr Electr. § Magn. I. 
73 Such a curve, by means of which the direction and 
magnitude of the force on the compass is given in terms of 
the magnetic course of the ship, is called a Dygogram. 

Dygre, obs. f. DEGREE. 

Dying (dain), v/. sb. Forms: see Dix zl 
[f. Diz v.1+-1nGl] The action of the verb Diz, 

1. Ceasing to live, expiring, decease, death. 

1297 R. Grovuc. (1724) 485 Hunger & deiinge of men. 
a 1340 Hampote Psalter cvi. 20 He toke baim out of baire 
diyngis. 1526-34 TinpaLE 2 Cor. iv. 10 And we all wayes 
beare in oure bodyes the dyinge of the Lorde Iesus. 1626 
Bacon Sylva § 448 The Dying, in the Winter, of the Roots 
or Plants that are Annual. 1893 Huxiey £volut. § Ethics 
go Life seems not worth living except to escape the bore of 
dying. 

b. transf. and fig. See Dire v. Also with adus. 

1750 Phil. Trans. XLVI, 413 At the dying of the Stream, 
it is often two Feet higher than the Main Tide. 1855 
Bain Senses & nt. u. i. § 16 The gradual dying away of a 
motion. 1884 J. A. H. Murray in 13th Addr. Philol, Soc. 
7 The history of the dying-out of Cornish. 

2. attrib. Of, belonging to, or relating to dying 
or death, as dyéng bed, command, day, declaration, 
Sit, groan, prayer, shriek, time, tree, wish, word, 
etc. Cf. DratH 18a. (In some of these, the v//. 
sb. has come to be identified with the AA/. a.) 

1580 J. Srusps in Lett. Lit, A/en (Camden) 41 The glad 
tydings..half revived my wife almost in a dyeng bedd. 
1593 SHAKs. Lucy, 1266 Dying fear through all her body 
spread. 1599 Sanpys Luropxe Spec. (1632) go ‘To have 
a sight of her sometime before their dying-dayes. 1620 
QuarcLes Youah (1638) 45 Like pinioned pris’ners at the 
dying tree. 171r Appison Sfect. No. 70, P 8 ‘The Scotch 
Earl falls; and with his Dying Words encourages his men 
torevenge his Death. 1784 Cowrer Vash 11. 328 The sobs 
and dying shrieks Of harmless Nature. 1872 Warton 
Law-Lexicon (ed. 5) 2732 Death-bed or Dying Declara- 
tions are constantly admitted in evidence. 1884 ‘TENNYSON 
Becket Prol. 19 A dead man’s dying wish should be of 
weight. Zod, I shall remember it to my dying day. 

Dy‘ing, #//. a. [f.as prec. +-ING*.] That dies. 

1. Departing from this life; at the point of death, 
moribund; mortal. 

c14§0 tr. De Jmitatione i. xii. 59 Know for certein pat 
pou must lede a dieng lif. 1563 Win3eT Iés, (1890) IL. 63 
He had leuir the dethe of the deand sinnar, than that he 
suld returne and leue, 1598 Sytvester Due Bartas i. i. 1. 
Handicrafts 422 He .. buries there his dying-living seeds. 
1704 Ray in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 206, I look upon my 
selfasadying man. 1821 SHELLEY Ginevra 81 The dying 
violet. 1860-1 Fio. NiGHTinGaLe Nursing 71 Oh ! how much 
might be spared to the dying ! 

2. transf. and fig. See DIE v. 

1590 SpenseR /. Q. u. vii. 36 Another did the dying 
bronds repayre With yron tongs. 1592 SHAks. Ven. §& Ad, 
338 As a dying coal revives with wind. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
Georg. 1. 382 Dying Murmurs of departing Tides. 1713 
Pore Prot. Cato 14 Such Tears as Patriots shed for dying 
Laws. 1820 Suettey Liberty xix, As a brief insect dies 
with dying day. ‘ ‘ 

Hence Dy‘ingly adv., in a dying manner, in dying; 
Dy‘ingness, dying or languishing quality. 

1435 Misyn “ive of Love u. xii, 103 Deyngly I sal wax 
stronge. 1886 J. Hrywoop Spider §& F. lix. 46 As both 
sides shall liue : euermore dyingly.  @ 1625 FLeTcuer Love's 
Pilgr. w. iii, I can dyingly and boldly say I know not your 
dishonour, 1700 Concreve Way of World it. v, Tender- 
ness becomes me best, a sort of dyingness. 1823 New 
Monthly Mag. VU11. 276 To sing faintly, sweetly, and as it 
were dyingly. 

Dyit, Sc. var. of DirE sé., Ods. 

Dyke, etc., a frequent spelling of Dikg, etc. 

Dyker, Dylaye, obs. forms of DIcKER, DELAY. 

Dylde (in phr. God dylide you): see YIELD v. 

Dyle, Dyli(e, obs. forms of DILL. 

Dylectable, obs. var. DELECTABLE. 

Dyluuye, var. Dituvy Oés., deluge, flood. 

Dymbe, dyme, dymme, obs. forms of Di. 

Dyme, obs. form of DEEM v., DIME, 

Dymisent, dymyceynt, -sen(t, -son: see 
Demicemnt, Ods. ' 

Dymonde, obs. form of Dramonp. 

Dyna-. In the derivatives of Gr. dtva-cda to 
be able, Stvajus power, the y (=Gr. v) is etymolo- 
gically short, and is so treated in pronouncing 
dictionaries down to the middle of the r9thc. But 
popular usage (esp. since dynamite came into 
vogue) tends to give the y the diphthongal pro- 
nunciation (ai) in all these words, though (din-) is 
still preferred by some in dynamic and its family, 
and app. by most scholars in dynasty and its family. 

Dyna, obs. form of Dinar. 


Dynactino'meter. ? Ols. [f. Gr. div(ams 
power + dx«ris (dxriv-) ray + mérpov measure: see 
-METER, and cf. ACTINOMETER.] An instrument 
designed to measure the intensity of the photogenic 
rays, and to compute the power of object-glasses, 

1851 M. Crauvet in Philos. Mag. 

Dynagraph (doinigraf, din-). [f. Gr. ddva(us 
power + ~ypagos writer, -GRAPH.] The name given 
in the United States to a machine of the same 
character as the dynamometer car on some English 
Railways, used for mechanically reporting the 
condition of a railway line, the speed of a train, 
and the power used in traversing a given distance, 


DYNAM. 


These elements are recorded on a ribbon moved by 
means of gearing from one of the axles of the car or van 
which the machine. 1890 in Century Dict. 

. Obs. [a. F. dyname (also dynamie), 
‘a unit of power, the force necessary to raise in a 
given time 1000 kilogrammes to a height of 

1 metre’; f. Gr. dvvayus power, force.] ‘ A term 
proposed by Dr. Whewell, as expressive of a pound 
or other unit, in estimating the éffect of mechanical 
labour.” Craig 1847. (See also DyNE.) 

“gnite, early name for DyYNAMOGEN,q.v. 
e (dainém). Physics. [a. Ger. dyname, 
f, Gr. dvvapus: see pean) A force or a force 
and a couple, the resultant of all the forces acting 


together on a body. 

1866 J. Priicxer Fundam. Views Mech. in Phil. Trans. 
CLVI. 362 If any number of given forces. .act upon or pass 
through given points, according to the fundamental laws of 
statics, the resulting effect is obtained by adding the six co- 
ordinates of the forces. .In the general case I propose to call 
the cause producing the resulting effect dyname. bid. 363 
A dyname, determined by its six linear coordinates. .repre- 
sents the effect produced by two forces not intersecting each 
other. /éid. 369 A dyname may be resolved into pairs of 
forces, the forces of all pairs constitute a linear complex. 

eter (dai-, dinzm/tar: see Dyna-). 
[mod. f. Gr. dUva(jus power + pérp-ov measure ; OF 
shortened from DYNAMOMETER.] An instrument 
for measuring the magnifying power of a telescope; 
= DYNAMOMETER 2. 

a 1828 Wesster cites RAMSDEN. 1837 Gorinc & PritcHarp 
Microgr. 67 View the image .. formed in the visual pencil 
of an engiscope, with a dynameter of very delicate divisions. 
1878 Lockyer Stargazing 116 The image can be measured 
with tolerable accuracy by Mr. Berthon’s dynameter. 

Hence Dyname‘tric, Dyname'trical adjs., of 
or pertaining to a dynameter. 

1828 WesstER, Dynametrical. 

D ic (dai-, dinze'mik: see DyNaA-),@, and sd. 
[ad. F. dynamique (Leibnitz 1692, Dict. Acad. 1762), 
ad. Gr, dvvaynds powerful, f. dvvays power, 
strength. ] 

A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to force producing 
motion: often opposed to static. 

1827 D. Gitpert in PAil. Trans. CXVII. 26 Mr. Watt .. 
assumed one pound raised one foot high for what has been 
called in other countries the dynamic unit. 1843-46 Grove 
Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 1) 13 A comparative view of the 
corpuscular and dynamic theories of heat. 1850 /é/7. (ed. 2) 
74, I have used .. the terms dynamic and static to represent 
the different states of magnetism. 1847 J. Dwyer Princ. 
Hydraul. Engineer. 94 The horse’s power is principally used 
by Engineers in this country as a Dynamic unit. 1855 H. 
Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 11. vi. xi. 138 We find light 
producing a dynamic effect..in those molecular re-arrange- 
ments which it works in certain crystals. 1860 TyNDALL 
Glac. uu. xix. 331 According to the dynamic view .. heat 
is regarded as a motion. 1881 Armstronc Address Brit. 
Assoc. in Nature No. 619. 449 Such is the richness of coal 
as a store of mechanical energy that a pound of coal, even 
as used in the steam-engine, produces a dynamic effect 
about five times greater than a pound of gunpowder burnt 
ina gun, c 

2. Of or pertaining to force in action or opera- 
tion; active. 

1862 Tynpatt Mountaineer. i. 6 What would man be 
without Nature? A mere capacity, if such a thing be con- 
ceivable alone ; potential, but not dynamic. 1863 — Heat 
vy. 137 While in the act of falling, the energy of the weight 
is active. It may be called actwa/ energy, in antithesis to 
possible, or .. dynamic energy, in antithesis to fotential, 
/bid. 138 As potential energy disappears, dynamic energy 
comes into play. 

3. trans/. and fig. Active, potent, energetic, effec- 
tive, forceful. 

1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Lit, Wks. (Bohn.) II. 105 
Their dynamic brains hurled off their words, as the revolv- 
ing stone hurls off scraps of grit. 1876 Gro. Exior Dan. 
Der. 1. i, What was the secret of form or expression which 
gave the dynamic quality to her glance? 1878 Lecxy Ang. 
in 18th C. 1. i. 14 It [Greek intellect] has been the great 
dynamic agency in European civilisation. 

b. Opposed to static. 

1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) 117 (To borrow a 

phor from mechanics) the adjective is a static attribute, 
the verb is a dynamic attribute. 2 

4. Of, according to, or pertaining to the science 
of Dynamos: as the dynamic theory of the tides. 

1838-sr Nicnot Archit. Heav. (ed. 9) 196 A sure dynamic 
theorem. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon Il. 416 The 
dynamic laws which cause a pumptoact. 

. Med. a. Functional, in contradistinction to 
organic ; as in dynamic disease. b. With Hahne- 
mann and his followers: Of the nature of some 
immaterial or ‘ spiritual’ influence. +e. Attended 
with a morbid increase of vital action, sthenic (ods.). 

Dynamic school: a name given to the Stahlians, or fol- 
lowers of Stahl, as attributing the vital phenomena to the 
operation of an inte force or power acting for the most 
part independently of external causes, (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 

(1829 see Apynamic.] 1834 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 
272 Dr. Stoker .. has divided dropsies into two kinds, 
dynamic and adynamic. 1855 J. R. Reynotps Dis. Brain 
ix, The simple fact of convulsions is proof of dynamic 
(functional) disease. 188x J. G. Grover in Encycl. Brit. 
XII. 128/1 (Homeopathy), Underlying all his [Hahne- 
mann’s] see ag the a at at ones ar 
were impalpable, immaterial, spirit! ynamic. 1 
Med. Temp. Frni. 1,114 A dynene narcosis of the ultimate 
fibres of sensation, 


736 


6. In the Kantian osophy : Relating to the 


mentes ane an object of experience. 
? , the relations between obj 


ing parts of one con d experi : viz. lati 

su and accident, of cause and effect, and of sub> 
stances acting upon each other. Dynamic c , acate- 
gory that expresses one of the dynamic soletions, Dpwamnte 
synthesis, a synthesis which is guided by the dynami 
categories, : 

7. Relating to the existence or action of some 
force or forces; applied esp. to a theory that 
accounts for matter, or for mind, as being merely 
the action of forces : see DYNAMISM I. 

Dynamic theory of Kant, a theory according to which 
matter was conceived to be constituted by two antagonistic 
principles of attraction and repulsion. 

1817 Coreripce Biog. Lit. 1. ix. 150 We had both equal 
obligations to the polar logic and dynamic philosophy of 
Giordano Bruno, 

B. sb. 1.=Dynamics, q. v. 

1873 Currorp Syllabus of Lectures in Math. Papers 
(1882) 516 The science which teaches under what circum- 
stances particular motions take place. .is called Dynamic. . 
It is divided into two ts, Static..and Kinetic. 1 
— (titde) Elements of Dynamic: an Introduction to the 
Study of Motion and Rest in Solid and Fluid Bodies. 

2. =Dynamic theory: see A. 7. 

1884 tr. Lotze’s Metaph. 305 As Kant does in the course 
of his ‘ Proof’ of this ‘Precept No. 1' of his ‘ Dynamic’. 

3. Energizing or motive force. 

1894 H. Drummonp Ascent of Man 270 The Struggle for 
Life, as life's dynamic, can never wholly cease. 1 
Advance (Chicago) 16 July 80/1 There is lack of dynamic. 
There is lack of direct soul-changing power. 


ical (doi-, dinzmikal), a. 


[f. as prec. 
+-AL. 

1. Of or pertaining to the science of Dynamics. 

1812-16 PLayrair Nat. Phil. (1819) II. 271 An elementary 
exposition of the dynamical principles employed in these 
investigations. 1833 HerscuEet Astron. viii. 266 As an 
abstract dynamical proposition. 1869 Huxtey in Sci. 
Opinion 28 Apr. 486/3 Strict deductions from admitted 
dynamical principles. ; 

2. Of or pertaining to force or mechanical power : 
=DyYNaMIC a. I, 2. 

Dynamical electricity, current electricity, as exhibited in 


ij as form- 
of” 


‘ 


cecilia ot 


action of force in - motion, 
et ths conceal ee of rest 
or equilibrium under the action of = 
recently (see quots. 1863-67), the name Az 
has been introduced for the former, 

being taken in a more com ve (and more 
etymological) sense, to include Statics and Kinetics. 


But the earlier usage, in which Statics and Dy- 
namics are treated as co-ordinate, is still retained 
by some physicists, and has largely influenced the 
popular and transferred applications of the word 
and its a Also called Dynamic. 
Ri Ei Ee is the sci 

of moving powers; iors partandiachy CaM ation ot valies 
that lly act on one her. Rosison Mechan, 
Philos. Pref., The general doctrines are the 
basis of Mechani i . 18r2-16 Prayrair Nat. 
Phil. (1819) 1. 57 This part ics would lead to the 
consideration tral 


called - 
bodies are considered as submitted to the action of 
forces which are not in equilibrium, _1863 THomson & Tair 
Sketch of Elem. Dy 1 Dynamics is the sci which 
investigates the action of Force.. Dynamics is divided into 
two parts, Statics and Kinetics. 1867 — Nat. Philos. Pref. 
2 Keeping in view the proprieties of language, and following 
the example of the most logical writers, we employ the term 
Dynamics in its true sense as the science which treats of the 
action of force, whether it maintains relative rest, or pro- 
duces acceleration of relative motion. The two - 
ing divisions of D: ics are thus conveniently entitled 
Statics and Kinetics, 1871 Tynpat Fragm. Sc. ti879) i 
17 We deal with statics, not with dynamics. _ 
b. That branch of any science in which force or 
forces are considered. 

e.g. Geological Dy ics, that b h of geology which 
treats of the nature and operation of the forces by which the 
earth’s surface has been  esepecca| as distinguished from that 
which treats of the existing condition of the surface, and the 
gor Mg Cer gE toe a IL (With ; 

1 we Logic vi. x. § 5 (1 50) ith Comte 
Social Tyeansics te th of oo Be ph Pheer in a state 
of progressive movement ; while Social Statics is the theory of 
the already spoken of as the 
different parts of the social organism, 1845 Graves Rom. 
Law in Encycl. Metrop. 768/1 He treats rather of the 


the galvanic battery, and in electromotive appliance: 

1828 WesstEer, Dynamical, | ago to strength or 
power. 1843-46 Grove Corr, Phys. Forces (ed. 1) 15 Nor 
do we by any of our ordinary methods test heat in any other 
way than by its purely dynamical action. 1855 H. SPENCER 
Princ. Psychol. (1872) I, vi. xi. 138 In this purely dynamical 
action consists the production of sound. 1860 Maury Phys. 
Geog. Sea ii. § 108 The dynamical forces which are expressed 
by the Gulf Stream, 1862 Str H. Hottanp £ss. i. 14 On the 
mutual convertibility of heat and dynamical force. 1880 
Haucuton Phys. Geog. iii. 96 In a anent condition of 
dynamical equilibrium, 188z Sir W. THomson in Nature No. 
619. 435 High potential. .is the essential for good dynamical 
economy in the electric transmission of power. 

b. éransf. Cf. Dynamic a. 3 b. 

1870 S. H. Hopeson The. Practice u. iv. § 93. 11 The dis- 
tinction between the statical and dynamical mode of per- 
ception gives the distinction between noun and verb, [See 
also s.v. DYNAMICALLY.) _ 9 

8. Applied to inspiration conceived as an en- 
dowing with divine power, in opposition to a 
‘mechanical’ inspiration in which the medium is 
the mere tool or instrument of the Deity. 

_ Myers Cath. Th. 11. xvi. 60 The method in which 
it (Divine Influence] has been exerted on man has been 
dynamical rather than merely mechanical, 1846 Hare 
Mission Com, (1850) 299, Andrewes .. was dis) d to 
look at the work of the Spirit rather as mechanical, than as 
dynamical or organical. 1856 J. Macnavcnt Doctrine 
Inspir. vi. (1857) 6 If a living man..be ‘moved by the 
Spirit’, it can, assuredly, only be by a pag eee or 
enlarging, or adding to the number of the faculties of that 
living man—that is, by ‘dynamical’ inspiration. 

4. Of or pertaining to DyNamisM (sense 1). 

i Maurice Mor. § Met. Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. 
579/t That high form of oo philosophy which was 
m 


contained in the poems of Empedocles of Agrigentum, 1850 
— Mor. & Met. Philos. (ed. 2) 85 The mc philosophers 
of Greece are divided into the dynamical and mechanical— 


Thales being assigned to the former class. 

5. Med. Functional : = Dynamic § a. 

di in the d of a part, ap to be 
an alteration in the relation between the Glonesant the! blood. 

a‘mically, adv. [f. prec.+-Ly*.] Ina 
dynamic or dynamical manner or way; in the way 
of a force in action or in motion ; from the point of 
view of dynamics. 

1833 Herscuen Astron. viii. 267 A straight line, dynami- 
cole eeakien, is the only path which can be pursued a 
body absolutely free. 1836 Maccittivray tr. 4 ts 
Trav. xxvii. 411 Manifesting its power, at t distances, 
only dynamically, by shaking the crust of our planet in 
linear directions. 1870 S. H. Hopcson The. Practice u. 
iv. § 93. 8 The distinction of noun and verb. .seems to me to 
be the distinction between an object considered statically, 
and one, perhaps the same object, considered dynamically. . 


A verb is a noun in motion, a noun is a verb at rest, x 
Mivart Cat 9 The | may idered statically or 
dynamically. 

ynami'city. Chem. A synonym of valency 


or atomicity. In mod. Dicts. 
cs (doi-, dingemiks). [Plural of Dy- 

NAMIC, after earlier names of sciences in -I08, q.v.] 
1. The branch of Physics which treats of the 
action of Force: in earlier use restricted to the 


dy ics than of the statics of law—rather of those events 
or forces by which classes of rights begin, are modified or 
terminate, than of those fn ad and duties which accompany 
a given stationary legal relation. 1863 Lye. Antig. Man 
xv. 313 It is for those to decide who are conversant with 
dynamics of glacier motion. 

2. transf. The moving physical or moral forces 
in any sphere, or the laws by which they act. 


1833 Cuatmers Const. Man (835) I. vi. 236 To unsettle 
the moral dynamics which nature established there. 
The great store- 


1843 J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 189 
house of our spiritual dynamics. 1849 NAN 10 ears’ 
Conft.(1852) LL. 392 Conscience seemed to be a force as little 
known to the dynamics of politicians in the ni as in 
the seventeenth century. 1867 Cornh. Mag. Jan. 25 Nocom- 
prehensive theory of the dynamics of asth has 
yet been propounded, 

+Dynamide. A generic term proposed by Ber- 
zelius to include the ‘ imponderables ’, caloric, light, 
electricity, and magnetism, in substitution for fd. 
(Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.) 

Dynami-meter, Dynamio-meter, 
more etymologically correct, 
some used, instead of DYNAMOMETER. 

(daitn-, dinimiz’m). [f.Gr. duvayus 

In mod.F. dynamisme. 


forms 
and by 


mai i Dynami: 
1858) 1 wamisnt, 
ate Piles of Leibnitz, that bst involves 
Sorce. ¥ ‘ontemp. Rev. Il. 552 the 
dynamism of Goethe from that of to show how 
this dynamism is related to the free pantheistic, doctrine 
which emerged in Goethe's mind from t fe rey system 
a 1875 Lewes Probl. ce Ae 1. iv. § 77 

+ 316 Two t systems embrace all minor systems : 
A bs and Dy ..The Dynamist theory regards 
Matter as d by ded centres of force. 1876 
Manninc in Contemp. Rev. Nov. 1030 Mr. 

hampion of D ism, has chall 


Kirkman, as 
a n Materialists Didon': : 
all Atomists and Materialists. 1891 tr. 's 
14 The dynamism of Thales and Pherecydes gave place to 
the atomism of De 


‘esus Christ 
us, 


2. In various nonce-uses: The mode of being of 
force or energy; operation of force ; 
1831 Cartyte in Froude Life in Lond. (1882) II. vii. 1 
ism ; one spark of dy: 


than they 
t which by is 


inspiration, were it in the poorest soul, is 


Times 20 Nov. 5/4 The —— 
great . 

pes ge A * dynamism of 
1887 «Fash. Philos, — —— a vital 


t 

element in its di which 

3. Med. ‘Thet of the origin of disease from 
change or alteration of vital force. ; 


DYNAMIST. 


Hence Dy‘namist, a. One who studies or deals 
with dynamics; b. One who holds the doctrine of 
dynamism. Dynami'stic a., of, pertaining to, or 
of the nature of dynamism; according to the 


doctrine of dynamists. 

1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. i. § 2.275 The dynamist 
. treating of levers which..have neither breadth nor thick- 
ness, and contain no material, is an absolute Idealist. 1883 
Encycl. Brit. XV1. 719/t It is usual. .to speak of two kinds 
of monarchianism,—the dynamistic and the modalistic. By 
monarchians of the former class Christ was held to be.. 
constituted the Son of God simply by the infinitely high 
degree in which he had been filled with Divine wisdom and 


power. . 

|| Dynamitard. [f. Dynamite, after Fr. com- 
munard. (Not in recognized Fr. use, though it 
may have occurred in French newspapers.)] 
= DYNAMITER. 

1882 Pall Mail G. 28 Oct. 1/2 ‘ Red Spectre in France.’ 
The public confession that the ‘dynamitards’ had paralyzed 
the administration of justice. 1883 /é7d. 2 Feb. 1/2 Vhe Dy- 
namitards have not secured the return of a single deputy 
even for the ‘reddest’ constituency in France. 1883 
Atheneum 29 Dec. 876/1 A melodrama .. dealing with 
the proceedings of English dynamitards. 

Dynamite (dai namoit, divn-), sd. [mod. f. Gr, 
Svvays force + -ITE, by Alfred Nobel the inventor. ] 

1. A high explosive prepared from nitro-glycerine 
mixed, for greater safety in carriage and use, with 
some inert absorptive substance. 

1867 Sfecif. Newron's Patent No. 1345. 3 Causing it 
[nitro-glycerine] to be absorbed in porous unexplosive sub- 
stances, such as charcoal, silica..whereby it is converted 
into a powder, which I call dynamite or Nobel’s safety 
powder. 1868 Daily Tel. 15 July, Other experiments de- 
monstrated the great velocity imparted to fragments of 
shells charged with dynamite. 1875 Ann. Reg. 120 A 
clockwork which was timed to cause the explosion of the 
dynamite. 1883 Fortn. Rev. May 641 Dynamite. .consists 
of nitro-glycerine absorbed in an infusorial siliceous earth 
called ‘ Kieselguhr’. : 

2. atirib., as dynamite bomb, outrage, etc.; dy- 
namite cruiser, a cruiser armed with dynamite 
guns; dynamite gun, a pneumatic gun for throw- 
ing dynamite shells, or other high explosives, 

1880 Daily News 13 Dec., What was to be said of the 
dynamite affair at Bantry. 1883 /ééd. 14 Sept. 2/7 The 
various dynamite outrages committed in Glasgow. 1883 
Pall Mall G. 6 Apr. 7/1 The ig bom ape conspiracy. 1886 
World 12 May 8 The dynamite bomb exploded among the 
Chicago police. 1888 7%es 2 Oct. 3/2 To have shown that 
the dynamite shells could be successfully fired from an 
ordinary gun. /ééd., The dynamite gun is a new instru- 
ment which has its own functions in time of war. /did., 
After the gun has been properly tested on board the dyna- 
mite cruiser, | 

Dy‘namite,v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vazs. To shatter 
or wreck by the explosion of dynamite; to mine or 
charge with dynamite. 

188z H. Crospy in /udependent (N. Y.) No. 1684 Finally 
Utah should be dynamited. 1883 A. M. Suttivan in Pal/ 
Mall G. 20 Mar. 7/x Our homes are in the midst of the cities 
that are, forsooth, to be kerosined and dynamited. 1892 
L’pool Daily Post 4 Aug. 5/9 Threat todynamite New York 


Bankers. 

iter (dainimpite, din-). [f. Dywa- 
MITE v. +-ER.] One who employs dynamite and 
similar explosives for unlawful purposes; esp. as 
a means of attacking existing governments or 
political systems. 

1883 U. S. Newspaper 16 May, There is a rumor that 
dynamiters intend to damage the Welland canal. 1834 
American VIII. 294 You do not find a good citizen. .under 
the hat of a dynamiter and an assassin. 1885 STEVENSON 
oe 116 Under this alias, you follow the profession 
of a dynamiter. : a 3 

|| Dynamiteur (dénamztor). [mod.F.] =prec. 
1883 Sfectator 14 Apr. 472/2 The Dynamiteurs—we had 
better adopt the French word at once—may yet secure.. 
fanatics as agents. 1 J. D. CuHamptin Chron. Coach 
i. 6 The tall column. . which the dynamiteurs had threatened 
with their bombs only a few nights before. 

j amitic (dainamittik, din-), a [f. Dyna- 
MITE sd. + -I0.] Of or pertaining to dynamite ; 
having to do with dynamite, or dynamiters. 

1882 Gotpw. SmirH in 19th Cent. June 887 If he did, a 
more dynamitic rival would immediately pluck him down. 
1885 Sat. Rev. 24 Jan. 1o2/2 To receive subscriptions for 
carrying on dynamitic warfare. 1895 N. Amer. Rev. 
Apr. 463 The father of Nihilism and of dynamitic anarchy. 

Hence Dynami-tical a., in same sense; Dyna- 
mi'tically adv., by way of dynamite. 

1886 Pall Mall G. 2 Oct. 1/1, I have had neither part nor 
lot in any secret Fenian or dynamitical operations. 1887 
Congregationalist (U. S.) 17 Feb., The Irish attempts, at 


New York, Paris, and elsewhere, dynamitically to blow up 
England on behalf of Ireland. 1892 AEST Lond. News 
la 


8 Oct. 450/3 His dy: itical and tyr 


737 


American-Irish dynamitists. 1885 Hotyoakr Lef. in Daily 
News 7 Feb. 3/8 While Dynamitists and State Socialists 
appear as lurid figures on the horizon of society. 

Dynamize (doi-n-, disnamaiz), v. ded. [see 
-178.] ¢vans. To endow with power. In Homao- 
pathy, To increase the power of (medicines) by 
trituration or succussion. Hence Dynamiza‘tion, 

1855 Household Wads. X11. 69 Monstrous assertions of 
the curative power of the ‘high dynamisation’ of medicinal 
substances, 1881 J. G. Grover in Encycl. Brit. XII. 127/t 
‘The most characteristic feature of Hahnemann’s practice— 
the ‘ potentizing’, ‘dynamizing’, of medicinal substances. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dynamisation..used by the homao- 
pathists to denote the accession or freeing of active powers 
produced in a medicine by pounding it or shaking violently 
the bottle in which it is contained. 3 P 

amo-, an element, derived from Gr. dvvapis 
‘power, force’, used to form combinations and 
derivative words, as Dynamo-ele‘ctric a., per- 
taining to current (formerly called dynamic) elec- 
tricity ; also, pertaining to the conversion of dyna- 
mical into electrical energy, as in dynamo-electric 
machine, machinery : see next. Dynamo-meta- 
morphism, the transformation of energy from one 
mode of action to another. 

1882 Deschanels Nat. Phil. (ed. 6) 795 Machines con- 
structed on this principle [that of Siemens and Wheatstone] 
are called dynamo-electric. 1896 Vale Univ. Grad. Course 
Instruct. 58 Effects of dynamo-metamorphism, 

Dynamo (dai:namo), sé. Electr, Pl. -os. [Ab- 
breviated from dynamo-machine, itself short for 
adynamo-electric machine.) A machine for con- 
verting energy in the form of mechanical power 
into energy in the form of electric currents, by 
the operation of setting conductors (usually in the 
form of coils of copper wire) to rotate in a magnetic 
field. 


The full name dynamo-electric machine was given by 
Siemens in 1867, to distinguish his invention from the 
magneto-electric machines previously used, in which the 
electric current was generated by means of a permanent 
magnet. Butin the shortened form dynamo (recommended 
by Prof. S. P. Thompson early in 1882), the use of the word 
has been extended so as to include all forms of these 
machines : see quot. 1884. 

[1882 Zines 2 Dec. 5 Professor Thompson said that thename 
*dynzmo-electric machine’ was first applied by Dr. Werner 
Siemens in a communication made cab pape 1867, to the 
Berlin Academy. He there described a machine for gene- 
rating electric currents by the application of mechanical 
power, the currents being induced in the coils of a rotating 
armature by the action of electro-magnets which were 
themselves excited by the currents so generated. The 
machine was, in fact, a self-exciting dynamo. ] 

1978 Specif. Clark's Patent No. 4311. 2 Dynamo-electric 
machine. 1878 S. P. THomrson in “ugineering 20 Dec. 
300 Such machines were more powerful than those in which 
only steel magnets were used ; and they have received the 
name dynamo-electric machines. Ibid., The cost of produc- 
ing electric currents of any required power is now simply the 
cost of..adynamo-machine and a steam-engine, and of the coal 
and labour necessary to supply and attend to them. 1880 
Print. Trades Frnt. No. 32.26 Instructions. .for depositing 
Copper by the battery, or by the Dynamo-machine. 1882 
Atheneum 5 Aug. 179/2 The word ‘dynamo’ is now being 
used as a noun in the place of ‘dynamo-electric machine’, 
and from its convenience it will probally soon become the 
generic term. 1884 S. P. THompson Dynamo-electric Mach. 

dynamo is a dynamo, in fact, whether its magnets be 
excited by the whole of its own current, or by a part of its 
own’ current;-or: by a current-from an independent source. 
Ibid. 4 The arbitrary distinction between so-called magneto- 
electric machines and dynamo-electric machines fails when 
examined carefully, In all these machines a magnet, 
whether permanently excited, independently excited, or 
self-excited, is employed to provide a field of magnetic 
force. Ibid. xi. 199 (Heading) The magneto-dynamo or 

magneto-electric machine. 1885 A thenzum No. 2985. 54 
Efficiency and economic coefficient of dynamos, the series 
dynamo and the shunt dynamo being separately considered. 

Dynamogen (dain-, dinzemodzén). [mod. f. 
DyNaMo-+-GEN taken in sense of ‘ producing’, 
‘producer’.]_ Nitromagnite ; a high explosive (for 
which the name ‘ dynamagnite’ was first proposed), 
consisting of a mixture of nitro-glycerine and pre- 
pared hydrocarbonate of magnesia. Known in 
U.S. as ‘ Hercules powder ’. 

1882 Daily News 30 May 6/2 A new explosive has been 
invented by M. Petri, a Viennese engineer. The name 


given to it is dynamogen .. The charge of dynamogen is in 
the form of a solid pe rh 


Dynamogeny (dein-, dinamp-dgini). [mod. f. 
Dynamo- + Gr. -yevera production: see -GENY.] 
Production of increased nervous activity; dynamiza- 
tion of nerve-force. 


1887 Fortin. Rev. May 742 The views fecently propounded 
by Professor Brown-Séquard upon what he calls nervous 


amitism (doi‘namoiti:z’m, din-). [-1sm.] 
The principles and practice of the dynamiter; the 
use of dynamite and similar explosives for the 
destruction of life and property, as a method of 
attacking a government, nation, or person. 
American V1. 36 Unqualified repudiation of assas- 
sination and dynamitism. 1891 Pad/ Madi G. 4 Aug. 3/3 He 
was indicted, not for dy ism, but for F 
Dy-namitist. ve as prec. +-IsT.] One who 
practises or favours dynamitism ; a dynamiter. 
1882 Sat. Rev. 8 July 45/1 Reports of the intentions of the 
Vou, III, 


dy geny’. /did., Inhibition in one nervous sphere is 
often accomp d with dy geny in another. 1895 tr. 
Max Nordau’s Degeneration 28 A feeling of pleasure is 
always cted with d y, or the production of 
force ; every living thing, therefore, instinctively seeks for 
dyna 

So Dynamoge'nesis = DyYNAMOGENY; Dynamo- 
genic a., of or pertaining to dynamogeny; Dyna- 
mo‘genous a., having the property of generating 
or producing force; Dynamo’genously adv. 

1883 L. Brunton in Mature 8 Mar. 436 M. Brown-Séquard 
supposes that in each layer of the cerebro-spinal system 
there are both dy: ic el and inhibitory ele- 


DYNASTIC. 


ments for the subjacent segments. 1887 Fortn. Rev. May 
742 Recent researches by Dr. Féré have thrown additional 
light upon these ‘dynamogenic’ or ‘force-producing’ pro- 
cesses. 1895 tr. Max Nordau’s Degeneration 28 Many 
sense-impressions operate enervatingly and inhibitively on 
the movements; others, on the contrary, make these more 
powerful, rapid and active; they are ‘dynamogenous’, or 
*force-producing’. /éid. 29 Pictures operating dynamo- 
genously, and producing feelings of pleasure. 
Dynamograph (dsi'n-, dinamograf). [mod. 
f. Dynamo- + Gr. -ypapos writer: see -GRAPH.] An 
instrument for recording the amount of forceexcrted. 
85x Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib, U1. 1014 A dynamograph, 
for ascertaining the average strength of draught. Invented 
by Adam Chevalier de Burg. 1871 Hammonp Dis, Newz. 
Syst. p. xix, The Dynamograph 1s of great value in the 
diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system. 1878 Hamitton 
Jerv. Dis. 26 The dynamograph .. a combination of the 
dynamometer and the writing part of the sphygmograph, 
is advocated as a valuable aid in diagnosis. 
Hence Dy:namogra‘phic a., pertaining to a 


dynamograph. 
1895 Pritcnarn tr. Alarey’s Moventent ix. 52 The areas of 
the curves which are described by the dynamographic 


needle express the exact equivalent of the force employed. 
Bynamometer (doin-, dinamg*m/éta1: see 
Dyna-). [ad. F.dynamomeétre (in Lunier, Dict. des 
Sciences, 1805), f. DyNAMO- + Gr. pézp-ov measure.} 
1. A name of instruments of varicus kinds for 
measuring the amount of energy exerted by an 
animal, or expended by a motor or other engine in 
its work, or by the action of any mechanical force. 


1810 QO. Rev. Aug. 59 Some experiments made .. with a 
new instrument, invented by Regnier, which he calls 
a dynamometer, for the purpose of ascertaining the com- 


parative strength which individuals are capable of exerting. 
1823 Mech. Mag. No. 14. 209 ‘The Dynamometer of Regnier, 
which enables us to ascertain easily the comparative 
strength of men. 1862 Loud. Nev. 23 Aug. 176 The 
draught-power of the engine was noted by a spiral spring 
dynamometer, capable of registering up to 8 tons. 1879 
‘Tuomson & Tart Nat. Phil. 1.1. 488 The name ‘dynamo- 
meter’, besides, appears to be badly formed from the 
Greek ; and for designating an instrument for measnrement 
of force, 1 would suggest that the name may with advantage 
be changed to dynamtmeter. 1895 Pritcuarn tr. Jarey’ 
Movement ix. 146 Dynamometers are constructed on the 
principle that an elastic body is distorted in proportion to 
the degree of force applied. 

Jig. 1854 LoweLt Cambridge 30 Y. Ago Pr. Wks. 1890 
I. 88 An accurate dynamometer of Willard’s punch or 
Porter’s flip. 1890 B. L. Girpers_erve Ess. & Stid. 245 
He saluted his wife as a moral dynamometer. ; 

2. An instrument for measuring the magnifying 
power of a telescope: also called DynaME 

1832 Nat. Philos., Optic. Instr. iv. § 18. 11 (U. 
magnifying power of telescopes may be ascertained .. by 
means of adynamometer. 1890 G. F. Cuampers //andbh. 
Astron. vu. i, Shifting the Dynamometer until the two i 
ternal edges exactly touch the circumference of the image. 

Hence Dynamome'tric, -me‘trical (also dy- 
nami-) a., of or pertaining to the measurement of 
force; Dynamo'metry, the measurement of force. 

1864 WesstER, Dynamometric, -al.. 1868 Duncan Jus. 
World Introd. 23 In order to measure the muscular strength 
of man, orwef animals .. many different’ dynamometric ap- 
paratuses have been invented, composed of springs, or 
systems of unequal levers. 1870 Daily News 14 Nov., 
Thorough Test of Double Ploughs..'To carry out the dyna- 
mometrical experiments. 1879 ‘'Homson & Tait Nat. Phil. 
I 1. § 437 If we..apply the proper amount of force at each 
end of the dynamimetric rope or chain. 1891 A theneuse 
7 Mar. 316/r Further Contributions to Dynamometry. 

Dynamo'pathy. Asynonym of //ome@opathy,in 
reference to the‘dynamization’ of drugs. (.$..S. Lex.) 

Dynamoscope (dinzemoskoup).. [a. F. dyra- 
moscope (Collongues 1862), f. DyNamo- + Gr. 
-oxonos, -SCOPE.] An instrument devised for the 
prosecution of dynamoscopy. 

Dynamo‘scopy [Fr. -ofie], Collongues’ name 
for a special form of auscultation for the observa- 
tion of the sound called é7uz¢ rotatoire, a hollow 
tumbling heard in living muscular tissue, esp. in 
the tips of the fingers, and supposed to proceed 
from fibrillary contraction of the muscles. 

Dynast (di'n-, dai-nést: see Dyna-). Also 7 di-. 
[ad. late L. dynastés, a. Gr. Svvaorns lord, chief, 
tuler, f. Svvac@ac to be able, powerful. Cf. F. 
dynaste (16th c.). Milton used the Gr. and L, 
accus. pl. dynastas in English context.) One in 
power; a ruler, lord, chief, potentate, esp. a here- 
ditary ruler; a member or founder of a dynasty. 

1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon. 652 The ancient stemme of 
Des Ewes, Dynasts or Lords of the Dition of Kessell in the 
Dutchie of Gelderland. 1632 Burton Anat. Med. 11. iii. 111. 
(ed. 4) 332 How many great Czsars, mighty monarches, 
tetrarches, dynastes, Princes, liued in his daies. 1638 
Sir T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 113 Shaw-Mahomet an 
Arabian Dinast. 1648 Mitton Tenure Kings Wks. (1847) 
237/1 Therefore did his Mother the Virgin Mary give such 
praise to God .. that he had..cut down dynastas or proud 
monarchs fromthe throne. 1725 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th 
C. I. v. x2 They might probably be Dynasts of that Country. 
1874 Manarry Soc. Life Greece iv. 116 Miltiades the elder 
was a sort of prince or dynast in Attica. 

astic (din-, dainz-stik), a (sb.) [ad. Gr, 

duvacrix-ds, f, Svvacrnhs: see prec., and cf, F. dynas- 

tique (admitted 1878 into Acad. Dict.).] Of, per- 

taining to, or connected with a dynasty or dynasties, 
93* 


DYNASTICAL. 
1828 Wenster, D: tic, relating to a ams or line of 
kin, Mrs. wine Poems 1. 74 An - tyranny, 
With its ic reasons of larger bones And stronger 


sinews. Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. vi. (1875) 77 
first of the dynastic quarrels of modern Europe. 
+B. sb. =Dynast. Obs. rare-°. 

1623 Cockeram, Dynasticke, one of great rule and er, 

ra, u, A great Ruler, Potentate, Dinastick. eid 
a’stical, z. [f. as prec.+-aL.] = 

1730 Date (title) The antes and ary of Harwich 
and Dovercourt, topographical, dynastical, and _ political. 
1880 Disrarit EZndym. ILI. xxiii. 232 Monarchical, not 
dynastical institutions, 

ence Dyna‘stically adv. 

1858 Giapstone Homer 1. 243 Those [nations] which are 

designated dynastically from the head of a ruling family. 


Dyna‘sticism. [f. Dyxastic a.+-1sm.] The 
dynastic principle ; the system of ruling dynasties. 

1872 Gotpw. Smitx in Fortn. Rev. Mar. 260 Look round 
Europe, and you will see that Legitimacy is dead, and that 
the sand of Dynasticism has nearly run. 1884 — in Con- 
temp. Rev. Sept. 315 Its attempt to make election extinguish 
itself in favour of dynasticism. 

astidan (din-, dainz'stidan). En/om. [f. 
mod.L. Dynastide, f. Dynastes as a generic name.] 
A member of the Dynastide, a ma of large 
beetles including the Dynastes or Hercules-beetle. 

1835 Kirsy Had. § /nst. Anim. 1. xx. 365 The mighty 
Dynastidans appear to feed upon putrescent timber. 

Dynasty (di-nasti, dai-). [a. F. dynastie (15- 
16th c.), ad. late L. dynastia, ad. Gr. Bvvacreia 
power, lordship, domination, f. 5uvacr7s DyNast.] 

1. Lordship, sovereignty, power; régime. Now 
rare or Obs. F 

1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage (1614) 69 They tell. .of divers 
Dynasties or governments in this countrey of Babylon. 
a 1656 Ussuer Ayn. vi. (1658) 196 The King bestowed a far 
better Dynasty or Principality upon him in Asia. H. 
More Myst. /nig. 439 The Dynasties or Polities of the 
Nations, the Secular Kingdomes and Powers, 1850 H. 
Miter Footpr. Creat. xv. (1874) 295 During the present 
dynasty of probation and trial. y 

. A succession of rulers of the same line or 
family; a line of kings or princes. 

1460 Carcrave Chron. 23 Than entered that lond [Egipte] 
they of Tebes, tyl xxxvi. dynasties had regned. 1614 
Raceicnu “ist. World u. ii. § 2 (R.) The account of the 
dynasties..agreeth for the most part, if not altogether, 
with the histories of the Assyrians, Trojans, Italians, and 
others, etc. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man... iii. 146 He 
digested the successive Governments of the Egyptians into 
32 Dynasties. 1 Burke Fr. Rev. 19 At some time or 
other. .all the beginners of dynasties were chosen by those 
who called them togovern. 1 . H. Witson Brit. [udia 
II. 53 Disaffected to the ruling dynasty of Nepal. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1800 J. Reeves On Ps. 18 (T.) The next dynasty of 
theologists, the schoolmen. 1857 H. Reep Lect. Brit. 

gets vii. 234 The annals of a dynasty of noble poets. 1866 
Ferrer Grk. Philos. 1. xii. 363 Aristotle .. was fitted to 
found a new dynasty in philosophy. 

Dyndille, obs. form of DinDLE z. 

Dyne (doin). Physics. [a. F. dyne, taken from 
Gr. dvvapis force, dvvaca to be powerful.) 

The unit of force in the centimetre-gramme-second 


more etymological form would be dithelete.] a. 
adj. Holding the doctrine that Christ had two 
wills, a divine and a human. b. sd. A holder of 
this doctrine ; an opponent of MONOTHELETISM. 

Hence Dyothele'tian, Dyothele'tic, -i'tic, Dyo- 
thele‘tical adjs., of or pertaining to the Dyothe- 
letes; Dyo'theletism, Dyo'thelism, the doctrine 
that Christ had two wills. 

1848 S. Davinson tr. Gieseler’s Eccl. Hist. 11. 174 The 
doctrines of the Duothelites and Monothelites. x60 tnans- 
nem tr. Aurs's Ch. Hist. 1. § 82. 8 After that [a.p. 680] 
Dyotheletism was universally received as orthodox doctrine. 
1882 Cave & Banks tr. Dorner’s Chr. Doctrine 220 The 
decision of the Dyothelitic Council of the year 680: ‘The 
human will remains in unity with the Divine, because it is 
always determined by the omnipotent drawing of the Logos’. 
1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knot I. 458 [Impersonality 


of human nature of Christ] seems inconsistent with the 


dyotheletic theory. /éid. Il. 1560 The dyothelite views 
were defended by the Roman legates. /é7d. The doctrine 
of two wills in Christ, dyothelism, was formally defined and 
accepted by a synod of the Lateran (649). 1887 HearD 
Russian Ch. i. 2 The monotheletian patriarchs and the 
dyotheletian popes mutually anathematized each other. 

Dyphone (dei-fo%n). Mus. [f. Gr. do two + 
gory sound, tone. But the etymological form is 
diphone, Gr. dipavos.] The ‘double lute *, invented 
by Thomas Mace in 1672. 

1676 T. Mace Musick’s Mon. u. xli. 203 Concerning the 
Dyphone: or Double-Lute, The Lute of. Fifty Strings. 
Jbid. 206 Since we are Thus Joyned Both in One, Hence- 
forth Our Name shall be The Lute Dyphone. 1880 W. H. 
Husk in Grove Dict. Mus. 11. 185 He [Mace] in 1672 
invented a lute of 50 strings, which he termed the Dyphone, 
or Double Lute. — 

Dypnosophistick, erron. f. DEIPNO-. 

Dyptic‘k, obs. ff. Diprycu. 

Dyr-: see Der-, Dir-. 

Dyre, obs. f. Dire a., Door, DURE 2. 

Dyrege, obs. form of Dirce. 

Dyrk(e, Dyrse, obs. forms of DARK, DREss v. 

Dyrupcionne, obs. f. DinuptTion. 

¢1450 Mirour Saluacioun 2963 Josephs cote in no parte 
felt payne of dyrupcionne. 

Dys, obs. f. Dice; see Dre sé.1 

Dys-: obs. spelling of Dis-, in many words. 

Dys- (dis), prefix, repr. Gr. bve- [=Skr. dus-, 
OTeut. *¢uz-, OHG. zér- (Ger. zer-), ON. for-, 
OE. #é- in to-break, etc.] ‘inseparable prefix, opp. 
to eB [see Ev-], with notion of hard, bad, unlucky, 


%  DYS-. Es. 


Gr. -Aoyia speaking, 2 see quot. ; hence 
Dyslo‘gical az. Dysnomy (di‘snémi) [Gr. 5uc- 
vouia lawlessness, f. v6pos law], a bad system of 
law (vare-°), Dyso'pia, Dyso’psia, -o"psy [Gr. 
Gy (dm-) eye, face, -opia sight, vision], defect or 
derangement of vision (Hooper Med. Dict. 1811). 
Dysore‘xia, -xy [Gr. dvcopefia (Galen)], defective 
or depraved appetite. Dysphasia (-fe'-zia) [Gr. 
bvcparos hard to utter, -pagia speaking], derange- 
ment in speech due to confusion or loss of ideas 
arising from affection of the brain (Syd. Soc. Lex. 
1883); hence Dysphasic (-fe'zik), a. Dyspho- 
nia (-{o""nia), Dysphony (di-sf{dni), [Gr. dvapavia 
‘harshness of sound ’], difficulty of speaking arising 
from affection of the vocal organs; hence Dys- 
phonic (-fpnik), @., affected with dysphonia. 
Dyspneu'mony xonce-wd. [Gr. mve’pow lung], 
disease or affection of the lungs. tism 
[Gr. oreppatiopds emission of semen (LXX.)], im- 
peded emission of semen (Hooper Med. Dict. 1811). 
Dysthesia (-prsii), Dysthesy (di-sp/si) (Gr. 
bvcGecia], a bad condition or habit of body; hence 

(-pe'tik), a. Dysthymic (-pimik), a. 
[f. Gr. 8vc6dp-0s desponding + -Ic], affected with 
desponcency or depression of spirits. Dystocia 
(-to"sia), Dystokia, incorrectly -tochia (-tp*kia) 

Gr. évoroxia], difficult or painful childbirth; 

ence Dysto'cial za. Dystome (di‘sto"m), Dys- 
tomiec (distg'mik), Dystomous (di'stémas), adjs. 
Min. (Gr. d0c7opos hard to cut], having imperfect 
fracture; cleaving with difficulty. Dystrophia 
(-trp‘fii), Dystrophy (di-strdfi) [Gr. -rpopia 
nourishment], defective nourishment (Syd. Soc. 
Lex. 1883); hence Dystro'phie a. 

1834 Soutney Corr. w. Caroline Bowles (1881) 318 What 
I call the *Dysangelical party Ziemssen's (a ycl. Med. 
XIV. 613 The latter [lalopathia] thus includes *d hrias 
(including dyslalias and dysphastas). /did.612 “Dysarthric 
disturbances of speech. 1889 Ch. Q. Rev. 441 Views... 
formed under the predominating infl of eucholic and 
*dyscholic expressions of th 
1890 H. Exuis Criminad iii. 117 * Dyschroma' 
found common. 1886 


7 Tomuwson Renon's pie 205 The 

ARTLRY tr. 
defined the 
various degrees of sexual affinity .. thus ¥Aborive, Sesset 


Yorksh. 65 Dysgeogenous Rocks. .are 


(C. G, S.) system, i.e. a unit equivalent to that force | etc,; destroying the good sense of a word, or in- | nature, hard or 50, very P ble to water, etc. 
which, acting for one second on a mass of one | creasing its bad sense’ (Liddell and Scott). In | 1878 Ziemssen’s Cycl. Med. X1V. 793 (Faults of speech 
gramme, gives it a velocity of one centimetre per | Eng. used in many words, chiefly scientific, de- bv an fons inenee nd which we Soniapate Ao 
oe eee ee aaa eimes rived or compounded from Greek; the more im- | Skin 236 *"Dysidrosis. Fox has described a a 
_In France the term ha en proposed at an earlier date as Main words; others | 1706 Puitusrs (ed. K ), *Dyscinesia. 1879 G. Hewrrr, 
in a different sense: see quot. 1842. ’ . pecker of a oe rabesiy h : I Reynolds Syst. Med. v. 708 Uterine dyskinesia is one of 
(1842 Mech. Mag. XXXVI. 192 The Industrial Society of (mostly pathological) follow here. uterine flexion, 1883 Syd. Soc., 


Mulhausen..observe, that the usual estimation of horse- 
power is not uniform, and propose that the unit for France 
should be the force required to raise one kilogramme to 
the height of a metre in a second. To this unit they pro- 
pose that the name of dyne..should be applied.) 1873 
Brit. Assoc. Rep. 223 As regards the name to be iven the 
C. G. S. unit of force, we recommend that it be a derivative 
of the Greek duvayis. The form dynamy appears to be 
most satisfactory to etymologists. Dyxam is equally in- 
telligible, but awkward in sound to English ears. The 
shorter form, dyne..will probably be generally preferred in 
this country. /did. 224 The weight of a gramme, at any 
part of the earth's surface, is about 980 dynes, or rather less 
than a kilodyne. 1874 Maxwett Poem in Life (1882) 633 
This string, you said, is strained too far, 'Tis forty dynes at 
least too tight. 1889 A. W. Povser Magnet. § Electr. 97 
By a charge of one unit is meant that charge on a very 
small body, which, if placed at a distance of one centimetre 
—= equal and similar charge, repels it with a force of 
one dyne. : 

Dyneer, -er(e, dynner, -or, obs, ff. Diver. 

Dyng‘e, obs. forms of Dine v.1 

Dyng(e, Sc. var. of Diener a. Obs. worthy, etc. 

Dyngnete, obs. form of Dienity. 

Dynle, Dynt, obs. ff. Dinpie, Dint. 


Dyophysite (doijpfizsit), Zheol. [ad. late 


Gr. bvopuaira (found in sth c. beside dipvotra, 
Diruysire, which was a more etymological form), 
f. duo two + pvots nature.] A holder of the doc- 
trine of the co-existence of two natures, the divine 
and the human, in Christ : opposed to the Mono- 
physites. Hence Dyophysitic, Dyophysi'tical 
a., of or pertaining to Dyophysites ; Dyo‘physit- 
ism, the doctrine of the Dyophysites. 

1860 Epersnem tr. Kurts's Ch, Hist. 1. $82. 5 Felix 11 of 
Rome. .leader of the Dyophysites, 1882 Cave & Bans tr. 
Dorner's Chr. Doctrine 216 This monothelistic formula of 


e 


Dysange‘lical a. (#once-zwd.), used in opposition 
to evangelical. Dysarthria [Gr. dpépoy joint, 
articulation], defective or deranged articulation in 
speaking; whence Dysa‘rthric a., belonging to 
dysarthria. Dysarthrosis (disarpro“sis) [Gr. dp- 
Opwas articulation], (a) faulty articulation or con- 
genital dislocation of a joint; (6) =dysarthria. 
Dyscholie (-kg'lik), a. [Gr.xoAy bile], arising from 
bilious disorder (#once-wd.). Dyschromato‘psia, 
-chro‘matopsy [Gr. xpwxar- colour + -opia seeing, 
sight], deranged vision of colours, colour-blindness ; 
hence Dyschromato’ptic a., colour-blind. Dys- 
cine'sia: see Dyshinesia. Dysepulo'tic,-ical ads. 
[Gr. éwovAwrixds (Galen) promoting cicatriza- 


‘ tion], difficult to heal or cicatrize. 


(-dgenfsis) [Gr. -yéveors production], difficulty in 
breeding ; sfec. used by Broca for that degree of 
sexual affinity in which the wage oe are sterile 
among themselves, but —_ of producing (ste- 
rile) offspring with either of the parental races (Syd. 
Soc. Lex. 1883); so Dysgenesic (-dz/ne'sik), a. 
[F. dysgénésique]. mous (-dz7\p"d3/nas), 
a. [ad. F. dysgéogene (Thurmann 1849), f. Gr. ¥7, 
“yew earth + -géne, taken in sense ‘ producing’), not 
readily decomposing into good soil; the opposite 
of eugeogenous. Dysgramma‘tical a., pertaining 
to faults of speech arising from disease. Dysi- 
dro’sis (also dyshi-) [Gr. iSpes sweat], a disease 
of the sweat-glands, in which the sweat is retained 
and produces swellings. Dyskine’sia (also dyscé-) 
[Gr. dvemvnoia (Hippoc.)], a class of diseases in 
which voluntary motion is impeded, Dyslalia 


certain of the 


producing pain referable to! 
the uterus. 1851-60 Lex., *Dyslalia. 1856 
Househ. words Now. 465 Learnedly ki ing is 


It is usual to designate those pane of articulation) which 
depend coors upon pon ical defects in the external 
apparatuses of speech and their motor nerves as dys/adsi 

sarthrosis, 1886-8 
The cerebral 


ing. 
in which the individual words are correctly formed, but are so 
e together as to oxprem a disturbance of ht. 1878 
iemssen's Cycl. Med. X1V. 790 An instance of Jdyslogical 
poregrenhia. x6a3 Cocxeram, *Dysnomie, ill 
wes. 1656 BLount Glossogr., * Dysopsie, dimness, ill sight, 


3 
58 
4 
a 


but not complete loss of voice. 

164 At other times the patient es up in the 

Pyle Zyene ke Rather f i irom drape tt 
ari ifein.i, Rat think from i 
, Goop ed. 


neumony. Study Me Ot, 

¥ rT) a by 'y symp ora eo aystvesy 
Ibid. 1. 282 Persons of weakly and 

*dysthetic habits. 1847 Crai, *Dys! ‘ic, desponding 
depressed in mind, WensTer, > 
with despondency ; e in bgt. d 
Putts, *Dystocia, a culty n 
Hoorer Med, Dict., Dystochia. 


MM I 
*dystocial la 
having an imperfect 


* than discrasite. 


——e. 


DYSSTHESIA. 
Dyst Dystomic, Dyst 1886 W. R. Gowers Dis, 
Nerv. Syst. 1. 386 Idiopathic Muscular Atrophy.. Mus- 
cular *Dystrophy. 1893 S. D'’Op1arp1 fed. Electr. 54 The 
agents of demolition or elimination, called *dystrophics or 
denutrients. 1893 Brit. Med. Frul. 4 Nov. 998 The dys- 
trophic view of sclerosis. 3 

sthesia (diséspisia). Path. [L.,a.Gr. 
dvoaaOncia (Galen) insensibility, f. dvcaic@nros 
insensible, f. 5uc- (Dys-) + alo@e- to feel: cf. AEs- 
THESIS, ANESTHESIA.]. Difficulty or derangement 
of sensation, or of any bodily senses ; also applied 
to a class of diseases of which this is a symptom. 

1706 Puitirs, Pemaihere, a difficulty or fault in sen- 
Sation. 1822-34 Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 210 The 
common technical name for the genus 1s dyszsthesia, 1889 
Lancet 28 Dec. 1331/1 Hyperesthesia or dysesthesia of 
one or more nerves, f 

So Dysesthetic (-pe'tik), @., relating to or 
affected with dyszesthesia. 

Dysamay, obs. f. Dismay. 

analyte (diszenalsit). Mix. [ad. Ger. dys- 
analit, Knop, 1877), ad. Gr. dvcavadvt-os hard to 
analyse.] A columbo-titanate of lime, in black 
cubical crystals. 

1877 Amer. Jrul. Sc. Ser. ut. XIV. 243. 

Dysar, Dysarde, obs. ff. Dicer, Dizzarp. 

Dysbink, var. of dish-bink: see Disu sd. 10. 

Dyscece, -cencion, -cend, -cept, -ceyte, 
-ceyue, obs. ff. DecEASE, DESCENSION, DISSEN- 
sion, DescenD, Deceit, DECEIVE. 

Dysclasite (di-sklisait). 1/7. [Named 1834, 
f. Gr. 5vo- (Dys-) + #Ado-1s breaking, fracture + 
-ITE; from its toughness.] A synonym of OKENITE, 

1835 C. U. SHeparp AZin. 175. 

+ Dyscra‘se, v. Ols. Also 4-7 discrase, 6 
discrayse, 7 discraze. [f. dyscraste, Dyscrasy, 
or prob. a. OF. *déscraser, f. déscrasie. In 15-16thc. 
evidently viewed as a deriv. of crase, CRAZE v., and 
used accordingly.] ¢razs. To affect with a dys- 
crasy ; to distemper, disorder. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 215 Bi occasioun of pes 
two errours peat oper men ben discrasid. c1q440 Lypc. 
Secrees 1213 Helthe of body, discrasyng of syknesse. 1504 
Arkynson tr. De Jmittatione 1. xiii, A bell..whether it be 
hole and of perfite sounde or dyscrased. 1574 Newton 
Health Mag. Ep. 4 Sufficient to cure the discrased. 1576 
— Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 45 Wherby health..if .t happen 
to be discrazed and impaired..may againe be restored. 1610 
BarrouGcu Meth. Physic (N.), So they..do first by this evil 
demeanour shake and discrase them [their bodies]. 

|| Dyscrasia (diskré''sia). Also 7 dis-. [med.L., 
a. Gr. dvcxpacia bad temperament (of body, air, 
etc.), f. duc- (Dys-) + «padois mixing, tempering.] 
= Dyscrasy. 

¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 54 A Wounde bat hap enpostym 
or an yuel discrasiam—bat is to seie out of kynde dis- 
temperid, eiber to cold eiber to hoot. 1677 Gitpin Deronol. 
(1867) 65 The souls of men have their general discrasias and 
disaffections, as our bodies have. 1859 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 
V. 413/1 We find these alterations associated with a general 
dyscrasia. 

Hence Dyscra‘sial a., of the nature of, belong- 
ing to, or arising from dyscrasia. 

1874 Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 23 Acute dyscrasial 
disease—typhus, small-pox, etc. 

Dyscrasic (diskrze-zik), a. [mod. f, Dyscrasta 
+ -1¢.] Of the nature of, arising from, or affected 
with dyscrasia ; dyscratic. 

1874 Jones & Stev. Pathol. Anat, (ed. 2) 227 This form is 
.-of a dyscrasic character. 1876 BartHoLow Mat. Med. 
(1879) 161 A dyscrasic state induced by the enormous 
amount of alkali. ‘i : 

Dyscrasite (diskrassit), A. Also dis-. [f. 
Gr. Svoxpacia bad mixture + -1Tz.] Antimonial 
silver, a native alloy of silver and antimony in 
variable proportions (Ag, Sb, Ag,;Sb, Ag,Sb.), 
found in the Harz Mountains, etc. 

1852 C. U. SHeparp Min. 300 Arsenical silver .. is harder 
1868 Dana M7n. 35 Dyscrasite. 

Dyscrasy (di'skrasi), sd. Also 5-8 dis- 
-erasie, -cie, -cy. [a. OF. dyscrasie (13-14th c. 
in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. dyscrasia: see above.] 
A bad or disordered condition of the body (origin- 
ally supposed to arise from disproportionate mix- 
ture of the ‘humours’: cf. DistEMPER, -ANCF, 
-ATURE); morbid diathesis; distemper. (Now 
more usually in Latin form Dyscrasia, q.v.) 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 57 Pe drie discrasie pou schalt 
knowe bi be smalnes of be lyme. 1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe 
I. X. (1539) 27 b, Nutmigges, with their swete odour com- 
forte .. also the brayn in colde discrasies. /éid. 1v. 75 b, 
I will somewhat wryte of two dyscrasyes of the body. 
3650 VENNER Via Recta (1650) 9 A dyscrasie, a putting 
of the body and spirit out of frame. 1646 J. WHITAKER 

Uzziah 22 Physicians observe in crasie bodies, that a sud- 
den excrasie is the forerunner of some discrasie. 1756 C. 
Lucas Ess. Waters I11. 154 A discrasy of the juices, 1822-34 
Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) 1V. 364 Dependent upon a dyscrasy 
or intemperament of the blood. 

b. ee and fig. Disorder. 

oe Jer. Taytor L276. Proph. Ep. Ded. 2 The perpetuall 
Meditation of my private Troubles, and the publike Dys- 
crasy. 1647 CupwortH Sevm. 1 Cor. xv. 57 (1676) 8x Sin is 
but a disease and Dyscrasie in the soul. 1827 J. Gi-curist 
Intell. Patrimony 40 Giving. .nutriment to social dyscrasy. 

Hence + Dyscrasy v. Obs. rare. =DYSORASE. 


739 


c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 85 If pei ben discrasid [v.». dis- 
crasyede], remeue pilke discrasie wip pat, pat is contrarie. 
1670 Maynwarinc Vita Sana iii. 40 A discrasyed body. 

+ Dyscra‘tic, 2. Obs. [f. Gr. 5voxparos of bad 
temperament, distempered + -1c.] Affected with 
dyscrasy ; distempered. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xix. 739 The Blood being 
habitually weak and withal dyscratick or intemperate. 

Dyscrease,-crece, -cres, obs. var. ff. DECREASE. 

Dyse, obs. f. Dick (Die sé.1); var. Disk (= ADzE). 

Dysease, dyseis, obs. ff. DIsEasr. 

+ Dysente‘rial, 2 Os. [f. L. dysenteria 
DYSENTERY + -AL.] = DYSENTERIC I. 

1600 W. VauGuan Direct. for Health (1633) 76 Use it to 
stop the fluxe, whether it be sudden, or humorall, or dis- 
senteriall. 16rz Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 185. 
1725 Brapiey Fam. Dict. s.v. Strawberry, To stop the 
Whites and Dysenterial Fluxes. 

Dysenteric (disenterik), a. Also 8 dissen- 
trick. fad. L. dysenteric-us, a. Gr. bvoevrepix-ds 
liable to or afflicted with dysentery, f. dvcevrepia : 
see DYSENTERY.] 

1. Belonging to or of the nature of dysentery. 

1727 Brapiey Fam. Dict. s.v. Flux, A Dysenterick Flux. 
1764 GRANGER Sugar Cane 114. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Sizzon’s 
Anim. Chem. 11. 382 In dysenteric diarrhoea. 1876 Davis 
Polaris Exp. xix. 410 [It] produced a dysenteric effect. 

b. Used for curing dysentery. rare. 

1703 Dampier Voy. (1729) III. 459 The Dissentrick Vomit, 
a leaning plant. 

2. Affected with or suffering from dysentery. 

1822-34 Goon Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 248 Twelve dysenteric 
patients. 1831 TRELAwNEY Adv. Younger Son 1. 288 Noisy 
and filthy as the draggletailed dysenteric cockatoo. 

+ Dysente‘rical, 2. Ols. =prec. 

160r Hotrann Pliny II. 331 If the flux be from the 
stomack, or dysentericall. 1677 Gitpin Demonol. (1867) 393 
Calanus, an Indian philosopher, being dysenterical, obtained 
leave of Alexander to burn himself for more quick despatch. 
1684 BoyLe Porousn. Anim. §& Solid Bod. iii. 29 A Flux, for 
the most part dysenterical. 

[ff Ey 


Dysenteriform (disente‘riffim), a. 
dysenterta + -FORM.] Having the appearance or 
symptoms of dysentery. 

1880 Med. Temp. F¥rni. Oct. 5 Dysenteriform evacuations. 


+ Dysente‘rious, 2. Ods. [f. as prec. + -ous.] 
= DYSENTERIC 2. 

@ 1654 GaTAKER 186 (L.) A dysenterious person, that can 
relish nothing. 

Dysentery (di'sentéri). Also 4-7 diss-, 
(dyss-), 6-7 dis-, (7 disc-); 4-8 -erie. 8. (in L. 
form) 4-7 dissenteria, (4 -aria), 6-7 dis-, dys- 
enteria. fa. OF. dissenterie (13th c. déssintere), 
ad. L. dysenteria (Pliny, etc.), a. Gr. dvoevrepia, f. 
bvoévrepos afflicted in the bowels, f. dve- (Dys-) + 
évrepa bowels.] 

A disease characterized by inflammation of the 
mucous membrane and glands of the large intestine, 
accompanied with griping pains, and mucous and 


bloody evacuations. 

1382 Wycur Acts xxviii. 8 The fadir of Puplius..trauelid 
with feueres and dissenterie or flix. 1447 BoKENHAM Seynty's 
(Roxb.) 259 That dyssentyrye of comon usage The reed 
flyx ys clepyd in oure langwage. 1547 Boorpr Brev. Health 
cvi. 40 The disentery or exulceracion of the guttes. 1601 
Ho.tanp Pliny xxvii. ix.(R.), For the dysenterie or bloudie 
flix. 1649 Thomasson Tracts (Br. Mus.) CCCCXLIL. vi. 
51 Other necessities encreased the discentery in our leaguer, 
1708 Swirt Predict. for 1708 Wks. 1755 II. 1. 153 On the 
zoth cardinal Portocarero will die of a dysentery. 1767 T 
Hutcuinson Hist. Mass. 11. iv. 419 Many of our men had 
.-fallen into dysenteries. 1781 Gipson Decl. §& F. II. xli, 
544 The dysentery swept away one-third of their army. 
1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 69 Dysentery also 
is decidedly produced by impure water. 

attrib, 1822-34 Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 265 Rolander, 
who, like Linnzus, ascribed dysentery to the dysentery- 
tick, or acarus dysenteriz. 

b. A disease of bees. 

1816 Kirpy & Sp. Zxtomol. (1828) I. iv. 90. 1846 J. BAXTER 
Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 97 The chief diseases of bees 
.. are dysentery or looseness, torpor, falling in flight from 
vertigo or giddiness, and vermin. 

Dyser, obs. form of Dicer, Disour. 

Dyses, -esse, dyshese, etc., obs. ff. DISEASE. 

Dysi3, Dysioyn, obs. ff. Dizzy, Dissor. 

Dyslogistic (dislodzistik), @ Also erron. 
dis-. [f. Dys-+stem of ez-ogistic (without refer- 
ence to Gr, ducAdyioros ‘hard to calculate, ill- 
calculated, misguided ’).] 

Expressing or connoting disapprobation or dis- 
praise; having a bad connotation; opprobrious. 
(The opposite of ewlogistic.) °° ; 

1802-12 Bentnam Ration. Fud. Evid. (x827)'I. 146 Under 
the name of revenge, or malice, or some other such “dyslo- 
fitfic name, 1810 — Packing (1821) 15 Packing :—a name 
which, from the application at that time but too frequently 
made of the practice .. has acquired a dyslogistic tinge : 
serving at present to express, not merely the practice itself, 
but the sentiment of disapprobation excited by the idea ofit. 
1825 Syp. Smitu Ws. (1859) 11. 70/2 Mischievous fallacies 
also circulate from the convertible use of what Mr. B. is 
pleased to call dyslogistic and eulogistic terms. 1838 7a7t's 
Mag. V. 67 A political adventurer (we use the word in its dys- 
logistic sense). 1887 Spectator 2 aed 888/2 The dyslogistic 
names, by which it pleases each side to denominate its 
opponents, 


DYSPATHY: 
Dyslogi'stically, adv. [f. prec. +-aL + -L¥2.] 


In a dyslogistic manner ; in dispraise. 

1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 166 The latter is applied 
to them dyslogistically. 1874 Sipcwick Meth. Ethics (1877) 
aoe) Canton “is used dyslogistically ; at least a man is said 
to be too cautious, or over-cautious, when he deliberates too 
much or too often. 

Dyslogy (di'slidzi). xonce-wd. [f. Dys- + 
stem of ez-/ogy. (There was no corresp. Gr.)] 
Dispraise, censure: the opposite of ex/ogy. 

1837 CartyLe AMirabeau Misc. Ess. 1872 V. 267 In the 
way of eulogy and dyslogy..there may doubtless be a great 
many things set forth concerning this Mirabeau. 

Dysluite (di-slz,ait). A“. [arbitrary f. Drs- 
+ Gr. Av-ev to loose, dissolve + -ITE.] A variety 
of gahnite or zinc spinel, containing manganese : 
from the difficulty of decomposing it for analysis. 

82x Frnl. Acad. Nat. Sc. (Philad.) II. 289 Dysluite, a 
new mineral. 

Dyslysin (di'slisin). Chem. [arbitrary f. Dys- 
+ Gr. Avo-is solution + -IN.] (See quots.) 

1851-60 Mayne E-xfos. Lex., Dyslysin, term for a sub} 
stance got from bilin digested with dilute hydrochloric acid 
with alcohol. _ 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 360 Dyslysin, 
C2+H3603. Dyslysin is an amorphous substance .. inso- 
luble in water, acids, potash-ley, and alcohol (hence the 
name), but soluble in ether. 

Dysme, obs. form of Dime. 

|| Dysmenorrhagia (di:smenoré!dzia). Path. 
[See Dys-.] =next. 

1885 W. Roserts 7reat. Urin. & Renal Dis. m1. xiv. 
(ed. 4) 678 In women who are subject to dysmenorrhagia. 

|| Dysmenorrhoea (-174). Path. Also -rhea. 
[See Dys-.] Difficult or painful menstruation. 

1810 R. Tuomas Mod. Pract. Physic (ed. 3) 532. 1873 
E. H. Crarke Sex in Educ. (1880) 23 Those grievous mala- 
dies which torture a woman's earthly existence, called leu- 
corrhoea, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea. .and the like. 

Hence Dysmenorrhe‘al, Dysmenorrhe ‘ic ads. 

1859 Topp Cycl. Anat. V. 644/1 These dysmenorrheal 
membranes present all the characteristics of a true decidual 
structure. 1873 E. H. Crarke Sex in Educ. 62 Pale, weak, 
neuralgic, dyspeptic, hysterical .. dysmenorrhoeic girls and 
women, < 

Dysmerism (dismériz’m). Bol. [f. Gr. duz- 
(Dys-) + pepiouds division into parts (MERISM).] 
The aggregation of unlike or irregularly arranged 
parts in the formation of an organism. So Dys- 
meri‘stic a., having the character of such an ag- 
gregation. Dysmerogenesis (di:sméro,dze‘nésis) 
[Gr. pépos part, yéveots production], the formation 
of an organism by successive production of parts 
which are unlike or irregularly arranged ; hence 
Dy'smerogene‘tic a., marked by or resulting from 
dysmerogenesis. Dy’smeromo:rph (-mgif) [Gr. 
poppy form], an organic form or organism resulting 
from dysmerogenesis; hence Dy:smeromo‘rphic 
a., having the character of a dysmeromorph. (Op- 
posed to EuMERISM, EuMERISTIC, etc.) 

1881 E. R. Lankester in Evcycl. Brit. XII. 555/1 (7/y- 
drozoa) According to this second hypothesis..the tendency 
to bud-formation has all along acted concurrently with a 
powerful synthetic tendency, so that new units have from 
the first made but a gradual and disguised appearance. 
This is ‘dysmerogenesis ’, and such aggregates as exhibit it 
may be called dysmeristic. /6%d. 555/2 Ordinary cell- 
division is an example of eumerogenesis; free-formation of 
nuclei, as in the fertilized ovum of Arthropoda, is dysmero- 
genesis. A synyctium is usually a synthesized eumero- 
morph, but may be a dysmeromorph. 

sodont (di'sodgnt), a. Zool. [f. Dys-+Gr. 
d50us, d5ovr- tooth.) Belonging to the order Dyso- 
donta of bivalve molluscs, having obsolete or 
irregular hinge-teeth. 

Dysodyle, -ile (di-sodail). An. [a. F.dysodyle 
(Cordier 1808) f. Gr. Svow5ys ill-smelling, stinking 
+ bAn matter: cf. CacopyL.] A very inflammable 
hydrocarbon occurring in masses of a yellowish or 
greenish colour, and foliated structure, which emits 
a fetid odour when burned. 

1809 Nicholson's Frnl. XX1V. 223 On the Dusodile, a 
new Species of Mineral. 1814 T. Attan Min. Nomen. 12 
Dysodile. 1887 Dana’s Man, Min. 349 Dysodile .. con- 
taining several per cent of sulphur. 

Dysour, -owre, obs. forms of Dicer, Disour. 

Dysparych, obs. form of DISPARAGE. 

Dyspathy (dispapi). vare. Also 9 (erron.) 
dis-. Tin sense I, ad. Gr. SvomaGea insensibility, 
f, Evona6ns impassive, f. dus- (Dys-) + ma8os, rade- 
feeling. In sense 2, = obs. F. dispathte ‘an Anti- 
pathie or naturall disagreement’ (Cotgr.), obs. It. 
dispathia (Florio), taken as the opposite of Gr. 
ovpragea, I mpathia, It. simpathia (Florio), 
simpatia, ¥. sympathie, SyMpaTHY, and sometimes 

dispathy, as if the first element were L, dis- 
(Dis-), and the sense rather ‘difference of feeling ’.] 
+1. Med. (See quot. 1883.) Obs. 

154r R. Cortanp Galyen’s Terap. 2Ej, They do vse 
these names, Dyspathies, Metasyncrises, Imbecyllitees, fyr- 
mytudes, and sondry other such names. 1883 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Dyspathia, old term..for indisposition to, or non- 

ptibility of, a di Also, a severe disease. 

2. The opposite of sympathy; antipathy, aver- 
sion, dislike; disagreement of feeling or sentiment. 

93*-2 


DYSPEPSIA. 


: Frorio Montaigne 1. xxxvii. (1632) 428 It may well 
he thers received from them that Eyupethan uato 
physicke. 1651 Bices New Disp. Summary 73 A discourse 
touching the causes of mig ag and thy. 1803 
Soutuey in Robberds Mem. W’. Taylor (1843) 1. 439 Wit 
enough dispathy always to keep conversation wakeful. 
382g — Sir T. More 1. 18 Notwithstanding many dis- 
crepancies and some dispathies between us. 1884 h: Ss. 
Wiutson Stud. Hist. 326 Woman-like, she was a partisan ; 
she felt sympathy or douateg ; she loved favourites, and she 
loathed antagonists. i 

So Dyspathe'tic a., marked by ‘dyspathy or 
aversion ; the reverse of sympathetic. 
_ 1886 Lowett Lett. (1894) II. 315 What you say of Carlyle 
is sympathetic (as it should be) and not dyspathetic. 

ayr(e, -peir(e, -pere, obs. ff. Desparr. 

|| Dyspepsia (dispe'psia). [a. L. dyspepsia 
(Cato), a. Gr. dvomeyia indigestion, f. Svorenr-os ; 
see Dyspreptic.] Difficulty or derangement of 
digestion; indigestion: applied to various forms 
of disorder of the digestive organs, esp. the stomach, 
usually involving weakness, loss of appetite, and 
depression of spirits. 

[1657 Physical Dict., Duspepnia, ill concoction.] 1706 
Puiuirs (ed. Kersey), Dyspepsia, a Difficulty of Digestion, 
or Fermentation in the Stomach and Guts. 1805 Med. 
Yrnl. XIV. 569 Report of Diseases in the .. Practice of one 
Of the Physicians of the Finsbury Dispensary. .Diarrhoza, 
15; Dysenteria, 2; Dyspepsia, 10. 1842 A. Compe Physiol. 
Digestion (ed. 4) 263 Rapid eating almost invariably leads 
to overloading the stomach; and when to this is added a 
total disregard of the quietude necessary for digestion, what 
can be expected to follow but inveterate dyspepsia? 1854 
C. Bronte Let. in Mrs. Gaskell Life 430 Headache and dys- 
pepsia are my worst ailments. 1862 Lancet 13 Sept. 278 A 
French writer calls dyspepsia ‘the remorse of a guilty 
stomach’. 

ig. 1865 Lowett Thoreau Pr. Wks. 1890 I. 362 Every 
possible form of intellectual and physical dyspepsia brought 
forth its gospel. 1885 Pall MallG.x Jan. 3/2 The Chris- 
tian life, in order to be healthy and strong, wanted exercise 
as well as feeding ; too many were content to feed without 
serving, the consequence being spiritual dyspepsia. 

Hence Dyspepsia v. nonce-wd., to affect with 
dyspepsia. 

1848 Q. Rev. Dec. (Hoppe), It gravels and dyspepsias 
him. 1849 F. B. Heap Stokers § P. iii. (1851) 38 To lose 
sight of his luggage. .dyspepsias him beyond description. 

Dyspepsy (dispe’psi). Also 7 -ie, 7-9 dis-. 
[a. F. dyspepsie (17th c.) or ad. L. dyspepsia: see 
prec.] = Dyspepsia (which is now more usual). 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Dyspepsie. 1661 Lovet. Hist. 
Anim. & Min. 366 The imbecility of the stomach, which is 
a vice of the concocting faculty..and it’s called apepsy, 
bradyspepsy, or dispepsy and diaphthora. 1817 Gentl. Mag. 
LXXXVII. 1. 365 He was, at first, attacked with diarrhaa, 
afterwards with dispepsy. 1829 Sourney /fistle in Anni- 
versary 18 By bile, opinions, and dyspepsy sour. 1848 
Lowe tt Fable for Critics 106 Brought to death's door of a 
mental dyspepsy. 4 

Dyspe tic (dispe’ptik), a. (sd.) [f. Gr. dve- 
nenros difficult of digestion, f. vs- (Dys-) + wemrds 
cooked, digested: after Gr. memrixds able to digest.] 

+1. Difficult of digestion; causing dyspepsia ; 
indigestible. Ods. rare. 

1694 Westmacott Script. Herb., Itis..more solid, course, 
and dispeptic than that of wheat. 

2. Of or belonging to dyspepsia. 

1809 Med. Frnl. XX1. 269 This dyspeptic state of the 
stomach. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 188 Decided 
dyspeptic symptoms. 

b. fig. Showing depression of spirits like that 
of a person suffering from dyspepsia ; morbidly 
despondent or gloomy. 

1894 Forum (U. S.) Aug. 732 There is no throwing up of 
the hands in despair—no dyspeptic politics, to put it Teiely. 

3. Subject to or suffering from dyspepsia. 

1822-34 Goop Study Med. ‘ed. 4) 1. 443 Common to the 
hysteric, dyspeptic, and choleric. 1844 Dickens Mart. 
Chuz.(C. D. ed.) 171 Dyspeptic individuals bolted their food 
in wedges. 1884 Pal/ Mall G. 16 Oct.1 Carlyle..was a 
kind of dyspeptic Mount Sinai. 

B. sé. A person subject to or suffering from 
dyspepsia. ’ 

1822-34 Goon Study Med. (ed. 4) 1. 157 The sedentary 
and studious dyspeptic. 1866 Mrs. Stowe Lit. Foxes 34 
It is almost impossible for a confirmed dyspeptic to act like 
a good Christian; but a good Christian ought not to be- 
come a confirmed dyspeptic. 1893 G. ALLEN Sean Il 
98 She had the usual surprising appetite of the sallow 
American dys; eptic. 

cal, a. rare. [f. prec. + AL.] =prec. 

183x CaryLe Sart. Res. u. iv, We are , unfriended 
Syepepticel, bashful. 1832 — in Froude Life in Lond. (1882 
II. 169 She had been for three years violently dyspeptical. 
, adv. [f. prec, +-Ly %.], In 


a dypeptc mamer i and Js. lb 


a 1859 ng sana Posth. Wks. (x89) IIL. iv. 102 A man 
. .dyspeptical pacernag of comm at forty-two. 1866 
Dickens in J, Ss vint. vil. a4 Halhagrang with 
my cold, and dyspeptically gloomy 


740 


|| Dysphagia (disfei-dzia). Path, Rarely in 
anglicized form dysphagy (geetidaty mod.L. 
f. Dys- + Gr. -payia eating. So mod.F. dzsphagie 
(1805 Lunier).] Difficulty of swallowing (as a 
symptom of some disease or affection). 

1783 W. Kerr in Med. Commun. 1. 160 This case ex- 
hibits an i of a species of dysphagi Goop 
Study Med. (ed. 4) 1. 78 Dysphagy, vay wealtan, is 
not a disease Yeself Bos Gowers Dis, Nerv. Syst. 1. 293 

ia may be added to the other paralytic symptoms. 
lence Dysphagic (disfedzik), a., relating to or 
affected with dysphagia (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). 

Dyspite, obs. form of DEsPiTE. 

|| Dyspnoea (dispnia’. Path. [L. dyspnea, 
a. Gr, bucnvaa difficulty of breathing, f. Svemvoos, 
f. 5ua- (Dys-) + mvof breath, breathing.) Difficulty 
of breathing ; laborious breathing. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Dyspnea, a pur- 
siness or shortness of breathing. 1707 Fiover Physic. 
Pulse-Watch 144 Vhish in Dysp , Pains, Di 
of the Stomach, Liver, Head. 1754-64 Smetiie Midwif. 
II. 27 She was seized with a dry cough, violent dyspnoea, etc, 
1843 Sir T. Watson Lect. Princ. & Pract. Phys. XXxxViii. 
(L.\, In dyspnoea the breathing is almost alwa: difficult 
when the patient is lying flat on his back. 1890 Lancet 
27 Sept. 663/2 Obesity develops the systemic circulation to 
the full capacity of the lungs, so that the least exertion will 
produce dyspnoea. 

Hence Dyspne‘al a., of or belonging to dyspnoea; 
Dyspneic [Gr. dvonvoixds] (also erron. Dys- 
pnee'tic, -etic) a., of the nature of, characteristic of, 
accompanied by, or affected with dyspnoea. 

1822-24 Goon Siudy Med. (ed. 4) 1. 467 Gold-refiners be- 
come dyspnatic from inhaling the vapour of aquafortis, 
1865 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1860) 245 Diseases terminating 
rapidly with dyspnaic symptoms. 1874 Jones & Stev. 
Pathol. Anat. (ed. 4) 31 Without experiencing any notable 
dyspnceal distress. ; 

Dysporomorph (di'spdromp sf). Zool. [f. 
Dysporus name of a genus of gannets + Gr. -popos 
-ForM.] A bird of the division Dysporomorphe 
in Huxley’s classification, including the pelicans, 
gannets, cormorants, etc. So Dy:sporomo‘rphic 
a., belonging to the Dysporomorphe. 

Dyspoyle, Dyspyghte: see Dr-. 

Dyssaue, -ayue, Dyssayt, -eyte, obs. forms 
of DecrivE, DECEIT. 

Dyssche, Dysse, obs. ff. Disx, Darts, Dice. 

Dyssease, -ees, -ese, etc., obs. ff. DEcEASE, 
DISEASE. 

Dyssende, -ente, obs. forms of DESCEND, 

yssour, var. Disour Ods. 

Dyssypers, corrupt f. DouZEPERS Obs. 


Dysteleolo (di:stelé,p 16dzi). [ad. Ger. 
dysteleologie (Hackel), f. Dys-, here taken in 
privative sense + ¢eleologie Peecnprdy The doc- 
trine of purposelessness, or denial of ‘ final causes’, 
in nature (opp. to TELEOLOGY) ; the study of 
apparently functionless rudimentary organs in 
animals and plants, as held to sustain this doctrine. 

1874 Mivart in Contemp. Rev. XXIV. 371 Dysteleology 
is a term — ewes vena ed Jens, has devised to 
d h M sness’ of organs. 
Wid, XXVL. 950. pr-wed te acchel's Bool. Max I, 109 The 
science of Rudimentary Organs, which we may call, in 
reference to their philosophical consequences, the Doctrine 
of Purposelessness, or Dysteleology. 

Hence Dy:steleolo'gical a., relating to dys- 
teleology ; showing absence of purpose or design ; 
Dy:steleo'logist, a believer in dysteleology ; one 
who denies final causes in nature. 

oe Muvart in Contemp. Rev. XXIV. 371 Arguments 
analogous to some of the teleological arguments of to- 
day. 1879 tr. Haeckel’s Evol. Man I. v. rrx The favorite 

hrase ‘the moral ordering of the world’ is also shown in 
Its true light by the dysteleological facts. 1883 L. F. Warp 
Dynam. Sociol. I. -297 (Cent,) Dysteleo without ad- 
mitting a purpose, pe not felt called upon to deny the fact. 

Dyster, var. DyEsTER. 

(disitivrik), a. [ad. Gr. dvooupixds, f, 
Sucovpia DisuRY: see -I¢.] Pertaining to or affected 
with dysury (Webster, 1864). 
} (di-sitiri). Path. Forms: 6 dyssurye, 
6-7 dissurie, -ry, 6-8 disury, 7 dysurie, 7- 
dysury. , Also in Lat. form dysuria (disitieria), 
[a. OF. déssurie (14th c.), mod.F. dysurie, ad, L. 
dysiiria (Coelius), a. Gr. Bvaovpia retention of 
urine, f. *8daoupos adj., f. 5ve- (Dy8-) + odpoy adeer | 
Difficulty in passing urine ; a disorder 
by difficult or painful urination. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu, lv. (1495) 268 Som- 


tyme the wayes ben alle stoppyd and pyssynge is all for- 
, and that euyl hyghte Dissuria, 3527 y to ns Bruns. 


DZIGGETAL. | 


wyke’s Distyll. Waters K ij, Good samen ane 
1547 BoorpE eRe Gialthec. 40, a“ a Men 


a 
1748 tr. Renatus’ Distemp. Horses 266 If he with Dif- 
Sa. it is called a Dysury. 1800 Med. ¥rni. 111. 26 She 


Fi vii. 208 The ly attendant upon 


old age, the d' 2 
Dysyn, dysyng, obs. forms of Dizen, Dicine. 
Dyt-: seealso Dit. 


(diti-sid), a. [f. Dytiscus, a genus of 
water-beetles, mod.L. corruption of Dyticus, a. 
Gr. durixds able to dive, f. Svew to dive.] Pertain- 
ing to the Dytiseide, a family of water-beetles. 

me, Sc. form of Dirron Oés., a phrase. 

Dyvise, dyvys(e, obs. ff. Device, DEVISsE. 

Dyvour (dei'var). Sc. ? Os. Also 6 dyver, 
7-8 dyvor, -ar, 9 divor. [Origin uncertain. 

According to Skene, ‘called dyvour, use he does his 
devore to his creditours’. But this is not logical; and it 
leaves the vowel and stress of the first syllable unexplained. 
‘The phrase ‘drowned in debt’ in quots. 1597 and 1636, with 
the later ‘over head and ears in debt’, suggests that it may 
be the same word as diver.) 

A bankrupt ; hence ge. one in debt; a beggar. 

1508 Dunsar Tua Mariit Wemen 410 Deid is now that 
dyvour, & dollin in erd. 1583 Satir. Poems Reform. xiv. 
278 Lyk ane dyver, thair he deis. 1597 SKENE De Verb. 
Sign., Dyovr, Dyvour, vtherwaies Bair-man, quha being 
involved and drowned in debtes, and not able to pay or 
satisfie the same : For eschewing of prison and vther paines, 
makis cession and assignation of al his gudes and geare, in 
fa of his credi : And dois his devour and dewtie 
to them. Rutnerrorp Left. (1862) I. 194, 1 am as 
deeply drowned in His debt as any dyvour can be. 16.. 
pail dhe von Rec. in Cramond Ann. Banff (1891) Fac 
note, The Court of Session enacted that the dyvours it 
be a coat or upper garment..whereof one half to be of 
a yellow and the other of a brown colour. .with uppermost 
hose on his legs half brown and half yellow. 1693 Sc. 
Presbyt, Elog.(1738) 101 The Saints in Heaven are nothing 
but Christ's. beggarly Dyvars, a Pack of redeem'd Sinners. 
1769 in Cramond Ann. Banff (1891) I. 318 The istrates 
..ordained him to put on and wear the dyvour’s habit : he 
was thereafter dismissed wearing the said dyvour's habit. 
1824 Scott Kedgauntilet let. xi,‘ Well, you dyvour bank- 
rupt, - shales yee brought cages hg 18.. Gat 7own 


Drummer, He was. .a divor je, with no manner of con- 
duct. 1836 Act 6 47 Will. IV, c. 56 § 18 It shall not be 
"s Habit. 


lawful to ordain the Debtor to wear the 
+Dy-voury. Sc. Obs, [f prec. + ¥.] Bank- 
ruptcy ; beggary. ; : 

1597 SkENe De Verb. Sign. s.v. Dyovr, Dyvour, Diverse 
shamefull formes of dyuourie, ar and observed. 1661 R. 
Bat.ue in Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) App. 35/2 Help 
your. .friends out of beggary and dyvoury if you can. 

Dywte, rare obs. form of Dury. 

Dyyss, obs. form of Dice : see Die sé.t 

Dyzar, var. of Disour, Ods. 

Dyzerde, -ert, var. Dizzarp, Ods. 

|| Dzeren (dzieren). Also -on, -in. [Native 
name in Mongolia, dséren (Pallas Zoogr. Kosso- 
Asiatica 251), more properly dzéren, f. dsér 
reddish-yellow, rufous. (Prof. Pozdneyev of St. 
Petersburg.)] ‘The Mongolian antelope, Procapra 
gutturosa, 

Penny Cycl. 11. 73/2 The, dzerens inhabit the Gy 
arid deserts of Asia. ..particularly the desert of 

Dzhu: see Dizzve. 

ll Dziggetai, Azh- (dzi'gétai, dz-). Also 
dschi , dshiggetai, dziggue- 
tai, dzigithai, thai, gicquetei, djiggetai, 
jiggetai. [Mongolian dschiggetéi (Pallas Zoogr, 
Rosso-Asiatica 262), more Lap os tchikhitei, 
eared, long-eared, f. ¢chikhd ear (Pozdneyev). A 
species of equine quadruped native to Central Asi 

quus hemionus. t approaches the mule in 


appearance. 
Xr 

Mae bid. 7 The Mongali Dshikketaei, which 
ifies the eared. Jdid.1x The manners of the Kou/an 
wild ass, are m of 


M 
ingd. 102 Equus hemionus. 


ria during the nape. a 1837 Bickerstetn Life of 


rance. 
Pennant fist. Quad.(ed. 3) 1.4 Dshikketaet or Wild 
bid. ians - thes shih : 


(2), the fifth letter of the Roman alphabet, 
represents historically the Semitic 9, which 
originally expressed a sound resembling that of %, 
but was adopted by the Greeks (and from them 
by the Romans) as a vowel, the pronunc. of which 
probably varied from the ‘mid-front’ (e) to the 
‘low front’ (g) vowels of Bell’s system. In the 
Roman, as in the earliest Greek alphabet, the 
letter represented the long as well as the short 
quantity of the vowel. There are reasons for be- 
lieving that in OE. the short ¢ had two sounds, 
ey (e) and (e); the OE. long ¢ seems to have 
sounded approximately as (2). 

The sounds now expressed by E in standard 
English are the following : 

(x) Z in be (bz) (4) Zin acme (z*kmz) 
(2) Tin here (hi’s) (5) e in bed (bed) 
(3) € in there (dé*s) (6) 5 in alert (al5°at) 

Exceptional sounds are (7) é' in eh! (8) iin England, Z£ng- 
lish, and (9) 4 occurring before ~ in clerk, sergeant, and in 
various proper names, as Berkeley, Hertford. 

In unaccented syllables it has the obscure sounds : 

(to) Z in remain (riméin) (12) @ in added (z*déd) 
(rr) € in moment (mé"*mént) (13) 9 in father (fade) 
(14) the mere voice-glide (’) as in sadden (sze*d’n), 

In Seeign words not fully naturalized certain other sounds 
occur: the Fr. en occas, retains in Eng. use its two sounds 
of (an) and (zn), as in exmud (afinzz), -chretien (bonykre- 
tyzn); the Fr. unaccented e preserves the sound of (a) in 
words like eau-de-vie (6 da vi); and the Fr, é that of (e) in 
a few words, as café (kafe). 

E is also the first element in many vowel-digraphs, 
most of which have more than one pronunciation. 

(1) Za is usually sounded (2), as in dead (bid); excep- 
tionally as (é) in break, great, steak. It frequently repre- 
sents (e) in cases where that sound descends from a oom 
vowel or diphthong, either original, as in ‘hread (pred), dea 
(ded), or acquii in ME. through position, as in stead 
(sted). When followed by 7 it has the sounds of (i) as in 
ear (73), of (€) as in ear (pé°s), and of (5) as in earth (Sip), 
(@) as in heart (hast), In final unaccented syllables it some- 
times es (i) as in guinea (gi‘ni). 

(2) Zax, found only in words of Fr. origin, is sounded (iz) 
in deauty and its derivatives, and (7) in a few proper 
names, as Beauchamp (bi'tfam); in all other cases it is (6") 
or (0), as in bureau (biurd"), roulean (rulo’). 

(3) Ze has the sound of (2) as in_/eed (fél), and before » that 
of (i), as in eer (pi’s). In deen many persons sound it as (i); 
it has also this sound in breeches (bri*tféz), coffee (kg’'fi). 

(4) Zz has the sound of (2) chiefly in the combination cez, 
as in receive; also in #ei7, and in Sc. words, as feind. In 
other cases its usual sound is (é), as in vein. In either, 
neither, it is variously sounded (2) and (ai). Ina few words, 
on account of German or Greek etymology, it is pronounced 

ai), as in eider-down, ophicleide. In ed final syl- 
bles it becomes (é), as in foreign (fp'rén), sovereign. 

(5) Zo (as a digraph) is sounded (2) in Aeopie, (e) in leopard, 

(&) in yeoman. 
* (6) Zu has the sound of (iz), and when followed by ~ that 
of (iii), as ineuphony, Europe; in unaccented syllables these 
sounds become (iz), (iu), as in euphonious, neuralgia. (After 
é or » the first element in these diphthongs is wholly or 
partially obscured : see L, R.) Ina few Fr. words not fully 
waturalized ew retains its original sounds (8), (6), and (6). 
> (7) Ew has the sounds of (iz), (iz), as in mew (nid), Mat- 
Oi Sy aoe ded (z) in d (2) in obey, ¢ 
ty is soun in Rey, ani in x prey; 
it occurs most frequently in unaccented final —_ es, wit ; 
the sound (i), as in ore a (dg"nki), money. In eye and its 
derivatives and P it is p d (ei). 


The cases in which E is silent are very numerous. 


The rule may be laid down that (except in foreign words 
not fully naturalized as to form) a final e is never sounded 
when there is another yowel in the word. The silent ¢ is 
due pri to the ME, obscure -e (:—OE. a, ¢, 9, 2, 
ora. Fr. ¢), which continued to be written long after it ceased 
to be sounded. In imitation of the cases in which the silent 
e had this historical justification, it was in 16th c. very fre- 
quently added to almost all words emenp erga pce with 
a cons wie pe preceding vowel was short and accented, 

OL, 


\4J 


the final cons. was doubled, as in 4/udde, bedde for blood, 
ded; a mute ¢ after a single cons. implied that the preced- 
ing vowel was long. In our present spelling the use of 
silent e has been greatly narrowed, but it is retained in the 
following cases: (1) When it serves to indicate that the 
vowel in the syllable is long; e. g. in zvive (wain) compared 
with win (win), paste (péist) compared with fasé (past). 
When the quantity of the vowel is already shown by the 
use of a digraph, the e is no longer added, e.g. in soon, 
mean (in 16th c, often scone, meane), unless the final cons. 
is s, z, or the voiced ¢h (6), as in house, breeze, sheathe. (2) 
When a word ends phonetically with certain consonants 
which custom does not permit to be written in a final posi- 
tion, as v, and /, x after consonants. (3) Where the silent 
e affects the pronunc. of a preceding cor g. (4) After s or z 
preceded if a cons., as in purse, pulse, corpse, bronze, 
Jurze. (5) In words like infinite, rapine, etc., where the 
vowel of the final syllable has become short since the es- 
tablishment of the existing rules of spelling; and in words 
adopted from Fr. (6) In some anomalous cases of diverse 
origin, as are, were, come, done, gone, some, one, none. 
The silent ¢ is omitted before flexional suffixes beginning 
with a vowel, as in moving; before -aé/e it has been usuall 
retained, as in moveable, loveable, unmistakeable, thoug 
many writers now prefer to omit it, esp. when the vb. isa poly- 
syllable. Before suffixes beginning with a cons. the mute é 
is nearly always written; in adridgment, acknowledgment, 
Sledgling, judgment, nursling, it is commonly omitted, 
but usage is divided except in the last instance; in this 
Dictionary the e is retained after dg, in accordance with 
general English analogies. 

The following are illustrations of the literary use 
of the letter: a. simply. 

¢ 1000 /ELFRIC Gram. et 6 Pa syx ongynnad of 3am 
stefe e. 1668 O. Price in Ellis £. £. Pronune. 1. iii. (1867) 
81 E soundes like, ee, in be, euen, euening, England, Eng- 
lish, etc. 1865 Miss YoncE Clever Wom. of Fam. I. x. 249, 
I can very easily alter the L into an E. a 

b. as representing the sound of which it is the 
usual symbol. 

I Hampote Pr. Conse. 485 If pe child a woman be, 
When it es born it says ‘e, e’..pe first letter. .of Eve. 

II. Used as a symbol, with reference to its 
place (5th) in the alphabet, or (2nd) in the series 
of vowels; also on various other grounds. 

1. E, e, ¢ is used to denote anything occupying 
the fifth place in a series (cf. A, B, C). 

2. in Music. E is the name of the 3rd note of 
the diatonic scale of C major, corresponding to 
mi in the Sol-fa notation. Also the scale or key 
which has that note for its tonic. 

1848 Rimpautt First Bk. Pianof. 54 Every black key ex- 
cept B-flat and E-flat. 18.. As it was Written 229 A leap 
of the bow and fingers back to A and E 

3. in Logic: A universal negative. 

1827 WHATELY Logic (1850) 49. F 

4. Naut. E. The second class of rating on Lloyd’s 
books for the comparative excellence of merchant 
ships. (Adm. Smyth.) 

5. Math. The lower-case e or ¢ denotes: a. The 
quantity 2-71828 .., the base of Napier’s system 
of logarithms. b. The Eocenrricrry of an ellipse. 

1860 SaLmon Conic Sect. xi. (1879) 161 The ey eis 
called the eccentricity of the curve. B. WILLIAMSON 
Diff. Calc. i. 21 The system [of logarithms] whose base is e, 

6. in Dynamics: e is the symbol of the coefficient 
of restitution or of elasticity. 


x Tarr & Steere Dynam. Particle x. (1871 Let 
e oy coefficient of restitution. de 


7. in Electricity. e stands for the electro-motive 
force of a single cell, E for the sum of such forces, 
1885 S. P. Tuompson Electr. & Magn. § 345. 
8. in Chem. E represents the element Erbium. 
III. Abbreviations. 
a, E.=various proper names, as Edward, Ellen; 
= Engineer(s) in C.E. and R.E. b. = East, a 
point of the compass, ¢. E.E., E. & O.E. (Comm.) 


=errors (and omissions) excepted. A. E.M.= Earl 
Marshal. e. ¢.g.=Lat. exempli gratia for the 
sake of example. 

E, obs. form of HE; obs. Sc. form of Err. 

E-, prefix!, ME. 2-:—OE. #-, accented form of 
a-. See A- pref. 1 and A‘- pref. 

E-, frefix*, occas. variant of Y-. Obs. 

E-, prefix, L. 2-, shortened form of ex-, out of, 
occurring in words ad, or f. L., as emt, evacuate ; 
see Ex-, 

Ea (74). dal. [repr. OE. éa, ME. 50.1 river.] 
A river, running water. Still in use in Lanc.; in 
the fen-country applied to the canals for drainage, 
in which sense it is usually spelt ea [as if a. 
F. eau water]. Also attrid. See also Aa. 

[c ro0o AELFrRIC Gen. ii. 14 Seo feorde ea ys gehaten Eu- 
frates.] 178x J. Hutton Your to Caves Gloss. (E. D.S.) 
Ea, a river along the sands on the sea shore, 1861 SMILES 
Lives Engineers 1. 63 They .. surveyed the new eaus and 
sluices..after which they returned to Ely. 1865 Kincs- 
Ley Herew, xx, They rowed away for Crowland, by many 
a mere and many anea. 1875 Whitby Gloss. (E. D.S.), 
Ea-coorse, or Eau-course, the water-channel. 


Each (/tJ), 2. (quasi-fvon.) Forms: a. I &le, 
cle, 2-3 tele, elch, 3 alc, alch, 1-2 ele, 2-3 elch, 
(2 helch, 3 elhce), 2 ach(e, (ec), 3 sche, 3-6 
ech(e, 5-6 eich, eyche, eache, 6- each. 8.1 yle, 
3-4 ile, (3 il), 3-5 ilk(e, (3 Ovm. ille, illk), 6- Sc. 
(seeILK). y. 2 ulch, 3-4 ilch(e, 5 ylche, 2, 4-5 
uch(e, 4-6 ich(e, 5-6 ych(e. 6. I zehwilc, 
-hwele, -hwyle, 2 iwilch (iwil, iwi), iwule(h, 
uwilch, (uwlch, uwil), (3 Orm. iwhille), 4 uich. 
€. I &3- (@%-, 63-)hwile, -hwele, -hwyle, -wyle, 
2 aizhwile, ewilch, eile, 3 ewe (accus. eulne), 
2-4 euch, § (Vor7.) euych. [The historical forms 
inseparable from this word represent three distinct 
but nearly synonymous words in OE. 

1. OE. #/c, app. = OF ris. el/tk, elk, ék, Du. elk, 
OHG. eogilth (MHG. zegelth, mod.G. jeglich) :— 
WGer. phrase *aiwo(n galiko-z, corresp. to OE. ¢ 
gelic (see A adv., AY, and ALIKE), The phrase 
may perhaps best be explained as evolved from the 
adverbial *azwo(n galiké ‘ever alike’, = the fre- 
quent OHG, eogilicho. In OE, (as in OFris. and 
Du.) the second word seems to have lost the 
prefix ge-, and the 7 of *é-//c, *dlic, produced the 
umlaut in the first syllable. (See, however, 3 
below.) The OE. #/c with long vowel is perhaps 
the ancestor of our modern form ; but already in 
the OE. period the vowel was dialectally short- 
ened, and appears as 2, ele, and y/c. The two 
former gave rise to such ME. forms as alc(h, ache, 
elch; the OE. y/c seems to be recorded only in 
the (Mercian) Vesp. Psalter, but must have 
been widely diffused, as it became in southern 
ME. wich (2), ilch, in west midland ach (7), ich, 
and in east midland and north. Inxk, which still 
survives in north. dial. and in Sc. (In Havelok the 
form 7/c, 77k is occas. reduced to 2/ before a cons.) 

2. OE. gehwile = OHG. gihwelfh (see Y- and 
Wuicn). This is the source of early. ME. 
twilch, twulch, probably also of wwilch, uich; it 
is possible also that the 14~15th c. wch(e may be 
from this source instead of being a continuation 
of the earlier uch (7) from OE. y/c, (Layamon 
writes 7wrldel, iwidel for iwile del; similarly 
the Lambeth Homilies have #w/7/ before cons., 
and accus, #zw/ne.) 

1 


EACH. 


3. OE. #g- (dg-, wes = OHG. eogihwelth, f. 
WGer, *azwo(n, OE. d, 6, AY, always + *gahwa- 
liko-2= OE. a (see above). ( umlaut is 
supposed to be due to the z in g7-, earlier form of 
the prefix ge-.) This word seems to be represented 
in ME. by the forms ew/c (eudne for *eulcne accus. 
occurs once in Layamon), euych, eile, ewe, euch ; 
the forms eich, eyche, in 15-16th c. may possibly in 
some cases belong to this series rather than to a, 
to which they are referred above.] 
A. Illustration of Forms. 

a. c8as Vesp. Psalter civ. 35 And slog oelc frumbearn. 
cx000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vii. 17 AElc god treow byrd gode 
westmas. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 13 Ic eou wulle werien wid 
elcne herm. ta 75 Ec of heom wrat. .his uers, cx175 Cott. 
Hom. 217 Penche 3ie zlc word of him swete. c1200 Trin. 
Coll. Hom. 29 Elch pine of helle is fremed on pre fold wise. 
Jbid. 31 Dus deuel egged zich man on his herte. /did. 91 
Elhc cristene man meoket pis dai..processio, /bid. 99 Eches 
mannes soule. /éid. 145 Hie clensede heo seluen of ache 
synne. c1a0g Lay. 13113 Wende ache oder bat hit weoren 
heore broder. /bid. 148 abbe alc god mon his rihte. /d7d. 
29056 We pe wulled 3elden sixti hundred punden to alches 

eres firsten. c 1430 Syr Gener. xxxiii, And eache a Prince 

ryng his semble. i MS. Sloane No. 1986 f. 30 in Dom. 
Archit. I1I. 69 In je make fyre at eyche a mele. a@ 1500 
Miracle Plays (1838) 17 Leeve you not this eich one? 
1570 B. Gooce Pop. Kingd. 52 Eche heart was then 
peruersely bent. a1580 Ld. Vaux in Farr’s S. P. 303 Why 
doest thou put thy trust In things eiche made of clay. 1593 
Hooker £ecé. Pod. 1, ii. (1611) 3 That which doth assigne 
ynto each thing the kinde. 

B. c8asVesp. Psalter \xxvii{i]. 51 And slog ylc frumbearn 
on eordan. cxrago Gen. & Ex. a Ilk gres, ile wurt, ilc 
birdhel tre. a@1300 Havelok 1740 [1 man to ber he cam fro. 
/bid. 2112 Of his mouth it com il del. 
Consc. 584 Pus foul with-in ilk man es. 
1511 At ylke stroke the fyre owt braste. 

y. 31175 Lamb, Hom. 65 Ulche dei. a1200 Moral 
Ode go in Cott. Hom. 165 Uches monnes bonc. ¢x200 
Trin. Coll, Hom. 181 Ich man of his wise noted his swinch. 
1307 Elegy Edw. J, xi, In uch bataille thou hadest pris. 
€ 1330 Arth. & Meri. Ich of hem wel noble was. ¢1 
Cursor M. 35 (Trin.) Vche fruyt, pat men may fynde. cx 
Wyeur Sel. Wks. 111. 431 Tiche man pat is ordeyned of God 
to be dampned. c1400 Destr. Troy 4046 Now wete yche 
wegh. c1450 Myrc 416 Vche dayes bred. 1 STARKEY 
England 1. ii. § 3 (1871) 29 Ychone in hym selfe. /did. 38 
Loue euery man iche other. 

5. c8as Vesp. Psalter xi{i). 2 Da idlan spreocende is anra 

ehwelc to 6am nestan. fat Lamb, Hom. 11 Halden 
rom uwilche swinke. /éid.13 Uwil mon. /did. 17 God.. 
hauet ihaten uwilne..mon. /é7d, 121 Seh ut on iwulche 
half. /éid. 133 Wid iwilche cristene monne pe he to sended 
his halie iwriten. c1z00 Ormin 10784 Iwhillc man. c 1205 
Lay. 25664 Pat lond iwelde iwidel. /é/d. 25880 He pe 
awalt iwildel. c1azg Luve Ron 125 in O. E. Misc. 97 
Parinne is vich balewes bote. — Pains of Hell 151 ibid. 151 
And heore ineward uych del. .Eft heo werpep al in al. 

€. axz000 Metr. Boeth. xiv.9 Hzhwelce dxez ecera pusend. 
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. Bhwyle [c 1160 Hatton G. 
aighwilc] daz hefd genoh on hys agenum ymbhogan. c1175, 
Lamb. Hom. 17 Pet pu beode eilcmon al swa waldest 

t me dude /bid. 93 Ewilcum of pan wurhtan. c 1205 

LAY. 596 Pe king..heihte eulne mon. a1raasg Leg. Kath. 
1231 On euch [Cotton MS. ewc] wise in pe world. a1240 
Lofsong in Cott, Hom. 205 On euche half abuten. 1480- 
Prion oF BromHotm in Paston Lett. 856 II]. 277 Euych 
on in length xj 3erds. 

B. Signification and uses, 
I. As adj. used attrid. 

1. Every (individual of a number) regarded or 
treated separately. 

The early use of each corresponded closely to the mod. 
use of its bry Every (=ever each), the only difference 
being that it always been ible to use each when only 
two things are referred to. us a sentence with a sing. 
jon or preceded by each would (formerly) have been but 


1340 HampoLe Pr, 
c 1430 Syr Tryam. 


slightly if at all altered in g by the substitution of a 
plural subject preceded Vd all, In modern e cach has 
assumed the sense of the Lat. guisgue, an implies a 


distribution of the icate or object parallel with the 
distribution of the subject (or conversely). An exception to 
this rule results from the fact that we cannot use every 
when only two persons or things are en of, so that in 
this case each retains its original ext use. 

a. followed immediately by a sb. (In OE, 
sometimes pl.; afterwards always sing.) 

cxo0o Sax. Leechd. 1. 310 Elce wunde hyt jenn. 
a@x1a3 O. E. Chron, an. 1101 Rotb’t zlce zeare sceolde. . preo 
pusend marc habban. c Gen. & Ex. 581 Ilc wateres 
springe here strengde undede. cr, Will. Palerne + 
Uch' izh pat it wist. c 1380 Wyctir Serm. Ixxxvii. Sel. 
I, 301 Ebreus cle: waterasee. ¢1420 Sir Amadace 
1, fhe mon in thayre Marg. Paston's Will 
in Lett. 861 ILI. 283, I wulle that ich houshold being my 
tenaunt there have vjd. 3598 J. Dickenson Greene in Conc. 
Gam ga The ge eac a gy ay a 

0) 8 les. 1664 Evetyn . (1729) 187 
Gavrame bad need each Star as well to know..as Sea- 


promise (1886) 12 
rated member of the former. 
+b. with @ or an (one) before the sb. (= mod. 
each, every). Obs. (For Sc. examples see ILKA.) 
¢1175 Lamb, Hom. 87 Pet heo sculden offrien of elchan 
hiwscipe gode an lomb, ¢ 1200 OrMin 5726 Illcan unnclene 
lusst. a 1300 E. £, Psalter \xxxviiilix]. 13 In ilka land. 
©3350 Will. Palerne 511 Vch a burn of pis world worschi 
him one, aay Lane. P. Pi.C, xxi. 19 He dronk of eche 
a am uy ison apm S (1855) 22, hee to =. “ani 
i ¢ ourn, tenham 9 
po af hy te ne ES Spates one 


2 


¢. with one used absol. (often distributing a 
pl. subject or object; cf. 4). In mod. use gener- 
ally su’ by every one, or by each absol. 
For Sc. examples see ILKANE. 


axz225 Leg. Kath. 57 

4 £x. 1379 Him and ilc. 

ee eee wel, 1 R. Brunne Chron. 165 With po 
ies ilkone. cx 


. § Gr. Knt. 96 Leue vchon ober. 
1420 £, E, Wills (1882) 52, I will pat ilkon off be other 
thre ordirs..haue x marc. 1513 Dovucias 2neis vu. 
vi. 55 The fader of is ichone. 1513 BrapsHaw S¢. 
Werburge (1848) 11 .-kyssed them ycheon. 1535 Cover- 
DALE /sa, xiii. 14 Euery man turne to his owne people, 
& fle echone. sigs T. Powet, Tom All Trades 153 Every 


each one respectively. 

d. Phrases. On (+in) each side, +on cach a 
side: (now usually = on both sides; formerly also 
= on every side). In same sense, + On, in each 
half. Each day: * used attrib. and in genitive 
case in sense ‘ every day’, as applied to clothing, 
etc. + Zach other ..: = every other (i.e. every 
alternate)... Zach a deal, + each deal: every 
whit. + Zach kins; of every kind, every kind of ; 
the northern form appears in one word as ILKIN. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 367 The. .lord of dowglass ay Had 
spyis out on ilka syde. ¢1420 Chron. Vilod. 724 Wepyng 
and sorwyng in yche a syde. 1551 Turner Herdal D vja, 
It groweth .. of iche syde of the hygh way. 

c1205 Lay. 14745 Bruttes.. heom to-holden in xchere 
halue. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 19 On euch half [=on every side]. 

1422 Will of Clanbowe (Som. Ho.) Myn echedaies gown, 

1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) V1. 363 It ended ina com- 
promise for a fee each other time. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 1364 Had vnderstanden wele .. ilk [7. 
ilka] dele. c1325 Chron. Eng. in Ritson Metr. Rom. 11. 
x The traitour uchadel Sende hit to Denemarke. c 1400 

t. Alexius (Vern.) 334 Raedde hit sipen vchadel. c 1440 
Generydes 697 His thought was sett oon hir yche deell. 

a1250 Prov. Alfred 384 in O. E. Misc. 126 Uyches cunnes 
madmes. c 1ag0 Gen. 4 Ex. 220 llc kinnes beste. 

e. Ever each: original form of Every, q. v. 

+ 2. After without (buton):=Any. Cf. ALLA. 4. 

c 897 K. AELrrep Gregory's Past.x\. 288 Butan xlcum ee. 
1175 Cott. Hom. 227 p te of be feder on hefene buton 
elcer moder. c 1300 Beket 480 Withoute ech delay. 


II. Absol. (quasi-fvon.) 

3. With reference to a sb. going before, or fol- 
lowed by of. Sometimes incorrectly with pl. vb. 

a 1000 Czdmon's Gen. 1521 (Gr.) AE lc hine selfa begrindeb 
gastes dugedum. c 1330 [see A. y]. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monkes 
7. 163 He .. maked ech of hem to been his thral. 1588 J. 
Upatt Demonstr. Discip. (Arb.) 50 If God do vsually bestow 
doctrine and exhortation nm seuerall persons, wherein 
eche is found to excell. 1678 R. Barctay Afol. Quakers 
xi. § 7. 354 Each made it their work to retire inwardly to 
the Measure of Grace in themselves. 1739 Cuesterr. Lett, 
I. xxv. 93 Each of these verses have five feet. 1782 Cowrer 
Gilpin 213 Alland each that pass'd that way Did join in the 
pursuit. 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) LI. xxii. 
354 Each has his own place marked out forhim. 1871 Mor- 
Ley Voltaire (1886) 3 Each did much to. .purify the spiritual 
self-respect of mankind. 

4. Distributing a plural subj. or obj. So egual each 


to each, said in Geometry of corresponding parts. 


¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 9 Pa onfengon hig zlc his 
pening. cx400 Beryn 83 Lo! howe the ones yn, eche 


to mete his mach. c1§10 More Picus Wks. (1557) 9/1 Eche 
of them after their deseruing. 1572 Mascatt Govt. Cattle, 
Horses (1627) 151 Turmerick, long Pepper, graines of Bay- 
berries, of ech a halfe peny worth. Drvyven Virg. 
Georg. Wv. 258 Studious of I Honey, each in his Degree. 1790 
Burke Fr. Rev. 19 His majesty’s heirs and successors, each 
in his time and order. 1840 Larpner Geom, 164 The com- 
ponent plates .. being equal .. each to each in itude, 
1848 Macautay Hist, Eng. 1. 309 The lords of the bed- 
hamber [had] a th u da year each. 

+b. Zach (uninflected) has been occas. used to 
distribute a pron. in genit. pl. 

1615 Cuarman Odyss. xm. 149 Two rocks .. whose each 
strength binds The boist’rous waves in from the high-flown 
winds, 1704 Rowr Udyss. u. i. 944 The massie Goblets.. 
Whose each capacious Womb. . Portended witless Mirth. 

¢e. Often with reference to price ; = apiece. 

Mod. They cost sixpence each. I paid sixpence each for 
them, 


5. Each other: used as a reciprocal pronoun in 
es Gat, ed genit. case ; = one another. 
riginally this was a phrase construed as in 4, each being 
the subject, and pag (inflected in OE. pr obey odres, 
, etc.) being governed in acc., genit., or dat. by a verb, 
prep., or sb, This use still occurs arch. or poet. (each to 
other, etc.). The words have however long a com- 
pound (cf. Du. edkander), so that we can say fo each other, 
of each other, etc. To use the word as a nom. (‘We know 
what each other are doing’) is a vulgarism occasionally 


axo00 Battle of Maldon 234 Us is eallum pearf Sat 
ure wzhwyle e bylde. cxraoo Trin. Coll. Hom. 
149 Pat we sholden biwepen ure elch odres sinne. = 

roclam. Hen. ITI in Stubbs Sel. Chart. 388 Pat 
o* helpe pat for to done. 1398 

. R. v. xxix. (1495) 140 Foules that lyue by blode ete 
not eche other. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxiii. 222 
Thousandes fell to the grounde eche vp other. 1485 Ma- 


LorY Arthur u. vi, We wil eche other, 1523 Lv. 

Berners Froiss, 1. cxi. 133 [He] saluted them after 

other. 1538 Starkey Zxg/and i. 2 Ych one to the profyt 
other, 1594 T. B. La 


of oth Primaud. Fr. Acad. WW. 338 
peieeg ote other so farre as wee may. W. 

in lell Lett. (1624) 7 How these two could be. .members 
+ participant each of other. 1647 CLareNpon Hist, Red. 


EAGER. 
1. (1702) I. ustled each the other too much. Mu. 
cor Pe 37 Jee ive each to others aan 


Tatler No. 47 ? 2 These Two Lovers seem'd. .made 
for each other. .W 


combat. 

C. Combinations. 

Certain phrases inning with cach were for- 
merly written as le words (cf. ; 


h, var. f. EcHE v. Ods. 
+ Ea‘ch-whe're. Os. [f. Each + WHERE.] 


Everywhere, in e , on every side, 
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 13981 (Trin.) Iesus ed vche where, 
axs4x Wyatt Poet, Wks. (1861) 50 where where 


doth live. Short Catech, in Liturgies, etc. Edw. 
iat ) See Eesdced ts ie act sett coche 
it fillet nck Geaven pat earth. a 1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. 
Poems Wks. (1711) 43 From dark sepulchres each where. 
, “mod, var. ff. EpmEpr, Oés., hu- 
mility, Epmop a., humble. 

+ Eadi, a. Obs, Forms: 1 6adiz, 2-4 eadi, 
2-3 sedi, edi3, edi, eddi. [Com. Teut.: OE. 
a = OSax. édag, OHG. dtag, ON. audigy, 
wealthy, happy, Goth. audags happy, f. OTeut. 
*audo-m, audo-z riches + -go- ; see -Y. 

1. Rich, wealthy, luxurious. 

a 1000 Crist 1497 (Bosw.) Earm ic wes .. Sat du wurde 
eadiz. cx175 Lamb. Hom, 115 Pet he mid wohje ne of- 
sitte ne ermne ne eadine. «1200 Moral Ode 227 in Lamb. 
Hom. 173, Understonded nu to me edi [other MSS. eadi, 
edye, zidi) men and arme. cx1aog Lay. 2361 An eord-hus 
eadi & feier. 


siddan bogs gesth Eadig 
weze. a 1000 Guthlac (Gr.) 147 Si biorg i 
oretta. c1175 Lamb. Edie and 
alle peo pe ihered weord 


guman dreamum 
lifdon eadiglice. ¢1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 33 Pe fulle edi- 
sexte seol we 
nesse 


pe. 
obs. form of EpDIsH. 

+Ea‘dness. Os. Forms: 1 eadnis, 2 ed- 
nesse. [OE. éadnis, f. dad wealth=OHG. é¢, dd, 
ON. audr:—OTeut. *audo-m, auifo-2; see -NESS. 
(The OE. éad adj. wealthy is of doubtful genuine- 
ness.) Cf. Eapt, Eaprness.] Happiness, luxury. 
a 1000 Runic Poems(Gr.) 4 Os byd..eorla aac eadnis 
‘om. 75 letted pe 


and tohyht. c1a00 7rin. Coll. 
mannes shrifte. 
Eager, var. form of Eacre, tidal wave. 
Eager (7'go1), a. Forms: 3-7 egre, 4 
egor, egyr, 4-6 egir, § eegre, 5-6 aygre, 
eigre, eygre, eger, egar, aeygre, 7 mgre, 6- 
eager. [a. OF. azgre sharp, = sour :—L. acre-m 
acc. of acer sharp, swift, strenuous. 
(Senses 1, 2, 4, 5 beak fom Fr.; 6 seems a specially 
it. 


Eng. development 

"E ‘Gr meverisl things ax slips canal 

+1. ir acrid, keen to the taste or other 
senses. medicines ; Sharp or violent in opera- 
tion. Of diseases: Acute, severe. Ods. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. (1868) 1. v.25 A more my3ty and more 

medicine. Prater Rapin. Ta se 1j, Those 
almost im 


of . Tang Nuwron Haalik 


cxviii, To make our appetites more keene With eager com- 
we our pallat vrge. 1601 HoLLtanp Péiny xix. v, 
all this bulbous kind, the Sea-onyon is reputed chiefe.. 
there is not any more zgre and biting than it. 
b. Said of cold (after quot. 1602). 
es ee cee ace a 
ayre. 3 . (1860) 100 an 
eager jiness to the atmosphere. STEVENSON 
Arab, Nits. 180 The rv air of the naibe 
+c. fig. Of words: Biting, keen. Ods. 
Ac ho toe peste wordes of toceryage pooeeann 
sweete 
the wordes of thy freend. #593 Snake. 3 Hen. Vt 
vi. 8 Vex him with eager Words. | — Rich, 7, wis 49 The 
itter two tongues. 
+3. spec. Sour, neid, tart. Obs. [So Fr. aigre.) 
c13590 Med. MS. in Archwol. XXX. 352 or 
wyn. ¢ Bh. Quis 
» but not egre. 
tree. 


EAGER. 


3. ta. Of a cutting instrument: Sharp (ods. 
rare.) b. techn. Of certain tools: ‘ Biting’ keenly. 
cx6rr Cuapman /liad x. 150 The eager razor’s edge. 
3831 ft Hotianp Manuf. Metals 11. 139 [The tool repre- 
sented in the figure] is what the artisan calls an eager tool, 
and is used for roughing the work; it has a .. semicircular 
edge, so fc as to bite Keenly. 


+4. Of metals: Imperfectly tempered, brittle. 


Obs. [So Fr. aigre, opposed to doux. 
1580 Nortu Plutarch 378 The Iron Coyn of Sparta..was 


so eager and brittle by means of this temper, that, etc. 1690 
Locke Hum. Und. u. vi. §35 Gold will be sometimes so 
eager .. that it will as little endure the Hammer as Glass 
itself. 1763-6 W. Lewis in PAil. Trans. XCIII. 78 note, 
Iron or steel. .render gold hard and eager. 
II. Of living beings or their attributes. 

+5. Strenuous, ardent, impetuous ; fierce, angry. 
Said of persons, their actions and attributes. 
Obs. 
1297 R. Grouc. 80 pis Britones were so egre..pat bo Ro- 
maynes and here kyng gonne fle atte laste. c1380 Sir 
Ferumb. 144 Roland answerede wyp egre mod. 1400 
Destr. Troy 5445 Ymasus, yrfull, egor of wille. 1475 Bé. 
Noblesse, est and egre werre. 1485 Matory Arthur 
1. xiv (1817) With an egyr countenaunce. 1513 DoucLas 

‘mets 1x. xi. 28 Egyr of thar wyllis. 1555 Fardle Facions 

Pref. 17 Echone contendeth with eigre mode and bitter 
dispute. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1.137 His most 
wgreenemy. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety ix. § 1. 298 Glut the 
eagerest malice. 1733 Cueyne Eng. Malady u. viii. §7 
(1734) 201 When the Conflict..is very hot, brisk, and eager, 
we all agree to call it a Fever. 


+b. Of beasts and birds of prey: Fierce, savage. 
Also ¢ransf. Obs. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Clerkes T. 1143 a asisa Tygre. 1530 
Parser. 311/1 Egar, fierce. .as a wyld beest is. 1583 STANY- 
HuRST At nets 1. (Arb.) 2x The southwynd merciles eager. 

6. Of persons: Full of keen desire or appetite; 
impatiently longing to do or obtain something. 
Const. zn. ; after, for, tof (the thing desired) ; 
about, in, upon (a task, matter, or concern), 
Also of desires or appetites : Intense, impatient. 

exq00 Destr. Troy 3753 Menelay the ana 4 was... 
Auntrus in armys, eger of wer. 1561 Norton Sackv. 
Gorboduc 1008 After taond so eigre were thy thirst. 1596 
Spenser F. Q. 1. viii. 6 Eger greedinesse. “1647 CLAREN- 
pon Hist. Red. 1. I. 40 He..found others to be less eager 
in the pursuit of his Friendship. 1695 BLrackmore Pr. 
Arth, 1x. 432 Eager of fame, and of the promis’d Prize. 
1779 De For Crusoe (1840) I. 319 The Captain was so eager 
+.that he could hardly have Patience to let him come so 
near as to be sure of him. 1732 Law Serious C. xii. (ed. 2) 
189 He is eager upon it. 1751 Jounson Rami. No. 15375 

of any intelligence that might increase it. 1759 
Rosertson Hist. Scot. I. 1. 133 She had become acquainted 
with the eager and impatient temper of the nation. 1769 
— Chas. V, III. vu. 2 He was eager for war. 1793 
Burke Corr. (1844) 1V. 177, I am not now so eager about 
our coming to town as I was. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 
. Ks The enemy..being eager in plundering the baggage 
of the dead. 1836 Tuirtwatt Greece III. xix. 106 They 
are..eager for foreign expeditions. 1 Ruskin Sev. 
Lamps v. § 10. 146 How much of imperfection. .the eyes of 
those eager builders could endure. 1883 Manch. Exam. 
26 Nov. 4/2 Makers are not eager to book fresh orders. 

b. Of actions, gestures, looks, etc. : Character- 
ized by or manifesting alacrity or impatient desire. 

Phrases like eager conflict, pursuit, originally belonged 
rather to 5, but modern feeling connects them with this sense. 

Dryven Virg. Georg. u. 645 Early Visitants, With 
eager Eyes devouring..The breathing Figures of Corinth- 
ian Brass. 1732 BERKELEY pn, tg li, §16 Wks. 1871 II. 
84 Those gentlemen who are called men of pleasure, from 
their eager pursuit of it. 1853 Rosertson Sevm, Ser. 11. 
xi. (1876) 131 An epistle abounding with the most earnest 
andeagercontroversy. 1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q. Neighd. 
xiii. (1878) 253 The unconsciously er way in which he 
looked at the eatables. 1873 Buck.e Civilis. viii. 457 Eager 
in upholding rights of kings. 

+7. spec. Hungry (? orig. techn. in Falconry). 
Of the eyes: Hungry-looking. Ods. 

Bk. St. Albans Cvj, The hawke will be very eegre 
an tens of the seekeness. 1575 TurBERv. Bk. Falconrie 
160 en your falcons be skoured and cleane so as beyng 
sharp set they may be called hungrie hawkes, or as faulco- 
ners tearme them eagre hawkes. 1693 W. RoBERTSON 
Phraseol. Gen. 516 Eager or sharp set, i.e. hungry. 1712 
STEELE Sfect. No. 266 P2 Her eyes were wan and eager. 
Anstey Bath Guide v. 75 Your Frenchman so eager, 

ith all his Soup Meagre. 

III. Comé., as eager-eyed, -hearted, -looking 
adjs.; also +eager-dulce, -sweet a., acid and 
sweet. [Cf. A1GRE-poux, AGRODOLCE.] 

1820 Keats Eve St. Agnes iv, The carved angels, ever 
eager-eyed. 1805 Worpsw. /ucid. Favourite Dog 11 Every 
poe a sheer hearted. 1825 Bro. Yonathan II. 77 His eager- 
looking red eyes. 1548 Upatt Erasm, Par, Luke 3a, Phe 
eagredulce sauce of the paraphrase. /did. Pref. 5b, If with 
vinegre it be made eagredulce. /6id. 3 E ulce. 1616 
Sure. & Marku. Countr. Farm 416 As concerning Ciders 
.. the eager sweet are much better .. than the sweet. 

+ Barger, v. Obs. Also 4-5 egren. [ad. OF. 
aigrier, aigroier; cf. prec.] trans. To excite, 
irritate, provoke; in quot. 1581 to irritate physic- 
ally; also vefl. to become exasperated. 

€1374 Cuaucer Boeth. (1868) tv. vi. 141 Pe nature of som 
man Is so... vncouenable pat..pouerte..my3te raber egren 
hym to done felonies. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 7329 He angurt 
hym full euyll, & egerd hym with. 1581 Mutcasrer Posi: 
tions xvi. (1887) 77 They that be gawled or byled within, 
may neither runne nor wrastle, for eagering the inward. 


3 


Eagerly (7gouli), adv. [f. Eacer a.+-1y2.] 

+1. Sharply, pungently, keenly; violently, harshly, 
severely. Ods. 

1377 Lanct. P. Pl. B. x1x. 376 Panne welled water for 
wikled werkes, Egerlich ernynge out of mennes eyen. 
1450 Kut, de la Tour (1868) 82 The more thesynne is ab- 
hominable the egerlyer thei be tempted bi the deuelle. 1480 
Caxton Ovid's Met. x1. xxi, I am more aigrely tempested, 
than he was wyth the floodes of the see. 1553 Bate Voca- 
cyon in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) 1. 341 Within’ ii dayes after 
was I sick agayn, so egerly, etc. 1603 KNoties Hist. Turks 
(1621) 650 Raine, which frose so eagerly .. that it seemed 
the depth of Winter had..been come in. 

+b. Zo bear eagerly (tr. acide ferre, Vulg. ; cf. 
also Lat. wgre ferve, which may have been some- 
times confused]; to take amiss, be grieved at. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir Ecclus. iv.g Egreli or heuyly bere thou not 
in thi soule. ae Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W.) 1. xxxv. 
(1495) 29 a/1, Whyche thynge..Cypryan bare aygrely. 1598 
Cuarman /liad 1. 9 Agamemnon rose, eagerly bearing all. 

+2. Angrily, fiercely, bitterly, malignantly. Ods. 

1377 Lanai. P. P?. B, xvi. 64 Egrelich he loked on me. 
¢ 1450 LonELIcH Grail xxxvii. 698 A lyown that loked ful 
egerlye. 1609 B. Jonson S¢/. Wom, 11. ii. 81 Him she loves 
most, she will seeme to hate eagerliest. 

. Impetuously, swiftly. (Now only in phrases 
like eagerly pursuing, which approach sense 4). 

1330 R. BrunNE Chron, 39 To pe cite Pei went egrely, & 
di kynges fle. 1375 Barsour Bruce vt. 427 Douglas .. 
full e Be Assalit. c1450 Merlin x. 158 He..rode a-gein 
hym full egerly. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. V7///, 1. ii. 240 How 
eagerly ye follow my disgraces. 1655 Eart Orrery Par- 
then. (1676) 23 Who were eagerly pursuing the Parthians. 

4. In an eager manner; with impatient desire, 
promptitude, or alacrity. 

r6or SHaks. Ful. C. v. iii. 7 Brutus .. hauing some ad- 
uantage on Octauius, Tooke it too eagerly. 1719 De For 
Crusoe (1840) II. viii. 184 Eagerly hungry. 178r Gipson 
Decl. & F, U1, 114 The oath of fidelity was eagerly taken b 
every order of the state. 1855 Macautay Ast. Eng. III. 
546 An unprincipled minister eagerly accepted the services 
of these mercenaries. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. x. (1880) 
156 Thanksgivings..in which the people eagerly took part. 

Eagerness (z-gamés).  [f. EAGER @. + -NESS.] 
The state or quality of being Eacrr. 

+1. a. Pungency of taste. b. Acidity, sourness. 

mo ARNOLDE Chron, (1811) 112 Alle maner auenturs 
..of alle the sayd wynes, lecage forth and egirnesse of 
the same oonly excepte. 1558 Warne tr. A de.vis’ Secr. (1568) 
106a, Sugre for to moderate the eygrenesse of the Alome. 
1601 Hottanp Pliny xix, viii, Senvie..stewed in some con- 
venient liquor, in such sort, as a man shal not..complaine 
of any eagernesse that it hath. 1788 Lond. & Country 
Brew. u. (1743) 104 By... Boiling, the Wort is..more able to 
resist Eagerness and Putrefaction. — 

+2. Acerbity, bitterness, irritability. Ods. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 4 Ire, egrenesse, and feersnesse is 
holden for a vertu in the lion. 1571 Gotpinc Calwin on Ps. 
xviii. I. 56 Saul had persecuted him with greater furie and 
egrenesse than all the rest. 1624 Bepr.y Let?. ii. 47 This 
eagrenesse is not mutuall. 

+38. Of metals: Defective temper, brittleness. 

1622 Matynes Anc, Law-Merch, 289 It taketh away the 
by agp of Brasse. 

. Keenness, swiftness. 

183r J. Hotranp Manuf. Metals 1. 290 These stones 
(grindstones for cutlery] are of a peculiar grit, and cut with 
great eagerness. 

+5. Impetuosity, fierceness. Ods. 

c1400 Melayne 915 Aftir armours he askede tytte, For 
egernesse he loughe. 1485 Matory Arthur 1. xv (1817) They 
were so couragyous that many Knyghtes shoke. .for egrenes. 
1665 ManLey Grotius’ Low-C. Warrs 417 Nor ihe Sea 
it self, can put a stop to their [bears’] eagerness. 1678 
Eart Murray in Lauderdale Pap. (1885) 111. 1xxx. 131 
The Kinge .. becaem paell and he shouke withe eagernes. 

6. Keenness of appetite or desire ; impatient haste 
to do or obtain something. Const. of, for, or ivf. 

1486 Bk, St. Albans Avijb, Mony an hawke for eger- 
nesse when he shulde nomme a fowle he seesith bot the 
federis. 1589 Putrennam Exg. Poesie (1869) 239 Industrie is 
a liuely and vnweried search and occupation in honest things, 
egernesse is an appetite in base and small matters. 1665 
Boy e Occas. Ref. (1675) 69 We. . find not. .that Satisfaction 
., that the Eagerness of our unruly Appetites promises us. 
1697 Drypen Virg. 255 ed., An eagerness of Learning 
more, 174% RicHarpson Pamela I. 18 ‘What say’st thou my 
Girl?’ said he, with some Eagerness. 1870 Bryant Homer 
I. vi. 184 Let no man through eagerness for spoil Linger 
behind the rest. 

Eagle (7'g'1), sd. Forms: 4-7 egle, 5 egylle, 
6 aegle, 6-7 egle, 6- eagle ; also 4-5 a negle, 
neggle. [ME. egle, a. OF. egle, aigle=Pr. aigia, 
It. aguila, Sp., Pg. aguila:—L. aguila.] 

1. The name commonly given to any of the 
larger Diurnal Birds-of-prey which are not Vul- 
tures ; though some birds are accounted Eagles by 
ornithologists which are smaller than certain 
Buzzards. Two species of Eagle are natives of 
Britain ; the Golden Face (Aquila chrysaétus), 
almost confined in these islands to the mountainous 
parts of Scotland and Ireland; and the Sea, or 
White-tailed Eagle (Haliaétus albicilla) found on 
the coasts of the same countries. Much resembling 
the latter is the Bald or White-headed Eagle 
(H. leucocephalus), the emblematic bird of the 
United States of America. 

The strength, keen vision, graceful and powerful flight of 
the eagle are proverbial, and have given to him the title of 
the king of birds. 


EAGLE. 


¢ 1380 Wycur Serm. xxx. Sel. Wks. II. 110 Lyke to a 
fleynge egle. 1382 — Fer. iv. 13 Swiftere than eglis his 
hors. ¢ 1475 Voc. in Wr-Wiilcker 701 Hec aguila, a negylle. 
Ibid. 761 A egyle. 505 Covennice Obad. 4 Though thou 
wentest vp as hye as the Aegle. 1606 HoLtanp Sxeton. 
81 An gle snatched a peece of bread out of his hand. 1607 
Suaxs. Tis01 WW. iii. a moyst Trees, ‘hat haue 
out-liu’d the Eagle. x ENNANT Zool. (1768) I. 123 Eagles 
are remarkable for their longevity. 1862 LoweLt Poet. 
Wks. (1879) 391/2 Ninety miles off as the eagle flies. 1878 
Browninc La Saisiaz 25 Can I make my eye an eagle’s? 

b. with prefixed word defining the species. 

1688 I. Crayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 989 The largest I 
take to be that they call the Grey Eagle. 1790 PENNANT 
Tour in Scotd, 11. 24 Sea Eagles breed in ruined towers, 
but quit the country in winter ; the black eagles continue 
there the whole year. 1803 Pic Nic No. 6 (1806) I. 224 
The fierce bald-eagle, tyrant of thy native woods. 1865 
Goutp Birds of Australia I. 9 The natural disposition of 
the Wedge-tailed Eagle leads it to frequent the interior 
portion of the country. 

e. fig. (often with allusion to 2 a, b.) 
x611 Suaxs. Cymé. v. v. 473 Our princely Eagle Th’ Im. 
riall Caesar. 1664 Marvett Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 126 
hose two Sonnes of the Russian Eagle. 1821 SHELLEY 
Hellas 47 Russia’s famish’d eagles Dare not to prey beneath 
the crescent’s light. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 1v. 64 Hope, a 
poising eagle. 

2. A figure of the bird used for any purpose : 

a. as an ensign in the Roman army, and as an 

ensign and badge in the French army under the 
empire. 
_ 1a1400 Morte Arth. 360 Hys egle to touche, Pat borne es 
in his banere. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 273 Caius Marius.. 
ordained, that the legions.. should haue the Egle for 
their standard. 1720 OzeLt Vertot’s Rom. Rep. V1. x1. 161 
Cinna flatter’d Valerius. .that Sylla’s Soldiers.. would soon 
desert to his Eagles. 1812 WELLINGTON Disf. 21, 24 July 
in Examiner 24 Aug. 535/2 The Eagles and Colours taken 
from theenemy. 1815 J. W. Croker in Pagers (1884) L. iii. 
73 The broken eagles which the French soldiers wore on 
the fronts of their caps. 1862 MerivaLe Rom, Emp. (1865) 
1V. xxxviii. 348 Their eagles were retained as trophies. 

b. as an armorial bearing; esp. of the Holy 
Roman Empire, and of the various modern em- 
pires, as the Austrian, French, German, and Rus- 
sian. Also as the badge of an order of knighthood. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Monkes T. 393 The feeld of snow, with 
thegle of blak ther-Inne. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4182/1 A 
new Order of Knighthood, called the Order of the White 
Eagle. 1707 /bid. No. 4354/2 Knight of the Order of the 
Prussian Eagle. sae BTN tr. Ranke's Hist. Ref. 
I. 1. 149 The.. cifiés.. which bear the imperial eagle in 
their arms. 

c. as the sign (or appellation) of an inn. 

1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 75 At the syne of the 
Eggylle. 

3. Applied to certain objects made in the form 
of an eagle; such as a brass (or wooden) lectern 
in a church ; the ampulla containing the anointing 
oil used at coronations; a clasp for a belt, etc. 

1766 Entick London IV. 213 The reader's desk is an in- 
closure .. in which is a.. brass pillar supporting an eagle. 
1820 A. Taytor Glory of Regal. 61 A spoon into which the 

Oil is poured from the beak of the eagle. 1836 PARKER 
Gloss. Archit. 1. 287 A common form for brass lecterns. .is 
that of an eagle... with wings expanded to receive the book. 
1842 TENNyson Godiva 43 She..Unclasp’d the wedded 
eagles of her belt. 1852 THackeray Esmond u. vi, Mr. 
Tusher..read from the eagle. 

4. The asterism Aguz/a, one of the northern 
constellations. ‘+ Zag/e-star, Altair or a Aquilz. 

1551 Recorpe Cast. Knowl. 264 Towarde the southe, is 
the Egle, includ nge 9 starres. 1601 HoLLtanp Péliny 
IL. 522 From the ee e-star. 1868 Lockyer Heavens (ed. 3) 
329 In the west appears Atair, in the Eagle. : 

5. A coin bearing the image of the bird; sfec. 
a coin of base metal current in England at the 
accession of Edward I; a gold coin of the United 
States, value ten dollars. Doudle-eagle: a U.S, 
coin worth twenty dollars. 

[c 1350 W. Hemincaurcu Chronicon (1849) II. 187 Monetas 
.. pessimi metalli, pollardorum, crocardorum .. aquilarum, 
etc.] 1753 CHamBers Cyc, me s.v., He. .decry’d the use of 
these Eagles, and other the like kinds of base coin. @ 1850 
Rossetti Dante § Circ. 1. (1874) 209 Quite a glut of eagle- 
pieces. 1860 Bartietr Dict. Amer. s.v., There are also 
double-eagles of twenty dollars, as well as half and quarter- 
eagles. : 

6. Sea Eagle: +a. properly the White-tailed 
Eagle (Haliaétus albicilla), which older writers 
confounded with the Osprey or so-called Fishing 
Eagle. Pennant, Brit. Zool. (1766) 140, refers to 
Sibbald as having applied this name to the Skua. 

1766 Pennant Brit. Zool. 63. : i 

b. a species of Skate, Myliobates marginata. 
[So Fr. aigle de mer; see quot.] — TONS 

1847 CARPENTER Zool. § 584 The Myliobates receives its 
common name of Sea-eagle from having the pectoral fins 
of extreme breadth, so that it much resembles a bird of prey 
with its wings expanded. : 

+7. Arch. The gable of a house ; the pediment 
ofa temple, [transl. L. agud/a, Gr. ders, dérwpa. | 

1682 WHELER Journ. Greece v. 7% The Figures of the 
Front, which the Antients called the Eagle. /dd. 388 On 
the highest point of the Eagle is a broad Stone laid. 1751 
CuamBers Cyc. s.v. 

+ 8. Cant. ‘The winning Gamester’ (New Cant. 


Dict. 1725). Obs. 
1-2 


EAGLE-EYED, 


9. Angling. A kind of artificial fly. 

1867 F. Francis Angling x. (1880) 360 There are two 
Eagles, the grey and yellow. 

10. Comd. a. attrib. as eagle-bark, -claw, -eye, 


Sight, ~height, -plume, -plumage, -radiance, -speed, 
-spirit, -standard; b. objective, as eagle baffling 
adj., -bearer ; ¢. parasynthetic deriv.,as cagle-billed, 
~pinioned, -sighted,-winged adjs.; eagle-like adj.and 
adv. Also eagle-cock, a weather-cock ; eagle- 
fisher, the Osprey; + eagle-flower, the Balsam 
(Impatiens Balsamina) ; eagle-ray, -skate (= 
sense 6 b); +eagle-wit, a person of penetrating 
intellect. Also EAGLE-EYED, -HAWK, -OWL, -STONE. 

1821 SHettey Prometh. Unb. 1, i. 20 This wall of *eagle- 

ing mountain. 1875 Browninc Aristoph. Afol. Ais- 
khulos’ bronze-throat *eagle-bark at blood. 1658 RowLanp 
Moufet’s Theat. Ins. 939 The mouth forked and *Eagle- 
bill’d. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 195 *Eagle-claw trap. 
1667 E. Cuampervayne S¢. Gt. Brit. 1. ut. x. {1743) 213 On 
it was a Cross..and on that an *Eagle-cock of Copper gilt. 
[x603 Cuettte, etc. Patient Grissil (1841) 12 Women have 
2 des eyes To pry even to the heart.] 1819 J. Q. ADAMs 
in C. Davies Metr. Syst. 1. (1871) 120 The eagle eyes of 
informers. 1855 Loncr. Hiaw. x. 145 Hiawatha. .hardly 
touched his *eagle-feathers As he entered at the doorway. 
1849 C. St. Joun Tour Suthid. 1.24 A shepherd told us 
of anest of the *Eagle Fisher. 1851 Gatcenaa tr. Mariotts’s 
/taly 337 *Eagle-flight of genius was out of the question 
with him. 1786 Cuamsers Cyci. (ed. Rees) s. v. Balsamine, 
The other [species] is from China. .most commonly called 
the immortal *eagle-flower. thes Compl. Fam.-Piece u. 
iii, 386 Trees and Shrubs which are now in Flower, as.. 
Genistella, Eagle Flower. 1884 Tennyson Becket 29 At 
such an *eagle-height I stand. a 1600 J. Bryan Ps. cxxvii. 
in Farr’s S. P. 335 *Eagle-like his fame shall mount. a 1626 
R. Harris Hezekiah’s Recov. (1630) 29 Good men will bless 
God for an eagle-like body. 1800 Burns Wks. III. 301 
Dangers, *eagle-pinioned, bold, Soar around each cliffy 
hold. 1811 Scorr Roderick 28 Morena’s *eagle-plume 
adorned his crest. 1813 Scorr 7rierm. 11. ix, *Eagle-plum- 
age deck'd her hair. 1717 Fenton Poems 160 (Jod.) The 
nectar'd sweets supply *Eagle-radiance to the faded eye. 
1856 Gosse Marine Zoot. ut. 151 Myliobatis (Cuy.) *Eagle 
Ray. Head projecting; pectorals extended like wings. 1588 
Suaks. L. L. L.1v. iii. 226 What peremptory *Eagle-sighted 
eye Dares looke? 1637 Hevwoop Roy. Kings 1. i. Wks. 1874 
VI. 7, I was borne Eagle-sighted, and to gaze In the Suns 
fore-head. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. 7. 11. 113 S. John 
having written his Eagle-sighted Gospel. 1882 St. Yames's 
Gaz. 15 Mar. 6/1 The formidable sting-ray, *eagle-skate, or 
thére. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1. 413 Abrupt, with *eagle-speed 
she cutthe sky. 1817 Byron Lament Tasso 2*Eagle-spirit 
of a child of song. 1811 Scorr Roderick 42 On *eagle- 
standards and on arms he gazed. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. 
iil. 129 ‘The *eagle-winged pride Of sky-aspiring and am- 
bitious thoughts. 1675 J. SmitH CAr. Relig. Appeal i. 12 
The Eagle-wing’d Evangelist. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel 
iii. 112 Ene eagle-winged lion of Daniel. 1665 GLanvitt 
Sceps. Sci. xx, 129 Aristotle would have fainted before he 
had flown half so far, as that *Eagle-wit [ Descartes). 

Eagle (ig'l), v. nonce-wd. [f. the sb.] intr. 
To fly as an eagle. Also, 70 eagle it. 

1652 Bentowes Theoph. To my fancy, &c., Eagling "bove 
transitory Sphears. 1868 ucHANAN Wadlace 1. ii, 
Thou’dst play the eagle in thy borrowed plumage ; Whose 
are the feathers wherewith thou wouldst eagle it? 

+ Hargled, p//. a. Obs. or nonce-wd. [f. EaGLe 
sb, +-ED*.] a@. Furnished with the image of an 
eagle ; having an eagle or eagles. b. Resembling 
an eagle in form or action; eagle-like. 

1618 Botton Florus (1636) 296 Hee carried upon his own 
shoulders the Eagled Ensigne into the Camp. 1660 WarEr- 
HOUSE A rms & Arm. 115 Souldiers haue the start of Scholars 
in their Eagled strength. : 

Ea‘gle-ey'ed, a. [see Eacue 10c.] Having 
an eye like an eagle; keen-sighted. /#¢, and fig. 

1601 Br. Bartow Lagle § Body (1609) E iva, Faith, Cee 
Eagle eyed, can .. see the maiestie of God. 1625 Hart 
Anat. Ur. it. iii. 65 The most eagle-eyed Physitian, a 1703 
Burkitt On N. T. John viii. 11 It is a false zeal that is 
eagle-eyed abroad, and blind at home. 1800 Weems Wash- 
ington v. (1877) 35 The eagle-eyed friendship of Mr. Waller 
quickly discovered him. 

Eagle-hawk, Transl. of Fr. aig/e-autour, 
Cuvier’s name for a South American bird of prey of 
the genus Morphunus, called Spizaétus by Vieillot. 

‘The name is found in Griffith's transl. (1829) of Cuvier's 
Réegue Animal, but never came into English use. 

‘a'gle-ow:l, A nocturnal bird of prey (Budo 
ignavus), the largest of the Owl tribe inhabiting 
Europe. 

Ray Willy, rg Ornith. 99 The t Horn-Owl 
or Eagle-Owl. ee ENNANT Zool. 71 ie great engi 
owl has once been shot in Yorkshire. 1849 Knox 
nith. Rambles 186 There has been for many years a mag- 
nificent living collection of Eagle owls at Arundel Castle. 

‘gleship, nonce-wd, [f. EAGLE sb, +-sHIP.] 
The position or dignity of an eagle. 

1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) LV. 24, I always illus- 
trated my eagleship, by aiming at the noblest quarries. 

+ Eargless. Ods. rare—°. [ad. OF. aiglesse.] 
A female eagle. 

1611 Corcr., Aiglesse, an Eaglesse; a henne Eagle. 

Ea‘gle-stone. [See Arrires, and quot. 1601.] 
= AETITES, 

¢ 1440 Bone Flor. An ll and a charbokull stone. 
1601 Hottann Pliny II. s90 ¥Egle-stones called Aétites 
+, it is said that .. without them the Aégles cannot hatch. 
1686 Lond. Gaz. No, 2126/4 An ag oa tone, tied up ina 
piece of black Ribon. .lost the agth Instant. 1753 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. Supp. s.v. Aétites, The finest and most valued of all 
the eagle-stones, are accidental states of one or other ofour 


4 
Morse Amer. Geog. 11. 16 Norway 
v. Aetites, ple atom ae 
2, Ve > 3a * 
low and ini h b "7 within it; the. .shell 


ition. 
eglet. [a. Fr. aigiette, 


cast rit. 
Rememb, v. 1660 When Eglets are first taught to o~ 1795 
Soutuey Yoan of Arc x. 377 Went like eaglets to prey. 
206 The callow eaglet. 


. as a charge in heraldry. 

1611 Guitum Heraldry mi. xvii. 158 On a bend 
three Eaglets displaied. 1864 Boure.t Herald; ist. & 
Pop. xiv. § 1 (ed. 3) 158 The well-known Shield of Piers de 
Gaveston. .vert, six eaglets or. 

Ea‘gle-wood. Also8 agal-wood. [transl. F. 
bois d'aigle, Pg. pao d’aguila, a perversion of 
Malayalam ayz/, or some other vernacular form 
of Skr. aguru (Yule). Cf. AGALLocH.] 

Another name for AGALLocH or CALAMBAC, q. V. 

{1516 Barsosa (Lisbon) 393 (Y.) Aguila, cada Farazola de 

00 a 400 (fanams)]. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 59 The 

ortuguese call it Eagle-wood. 1774 Niesunr Des. de 
LA po xxxiv. (Y.) Un bois nommé par les Anglois Agal- 
wood, et les Indiens de Bombay Agar. 1854 Hooker 
Himal., Fouls. (1855) II. 318 (Y.) The eagle-wood..is much 
sought for its fragrant wood. 1864 Sat. Rev. 9 July 67 
Trees containing the le-wood, resins, and dye-woods. 
1871 ALABASTER Wheel of Law 86 A second [palace] of nine 
stories, constructed entirely of eagle-wood. 

+ Ea‘glify, v. Os. [f. EacLe+-ry.] ¢rans. 
To make into an eagle or like an eagle. 

1592 Warner A/6. Eng. vit. xxxvii, Had the Sunne been 
up..(such pride bewitch'd my wit To Egel-fie my selfe) I 
had assayed to soar toit. 1628 Witner Brit. Rememé, v. 
1595 The Kites that flye Above the clouds, themselves to 


Eaglifie. 

+ ag: , a. Obs. vare—'. [f. Eacte+-¥1.] 
Eagle-like, aquiline. 

1624 Sanperson Sérm. I. 222 The sharpest and most 
eagly eye. 

agre (agar, i-ga1). Forms: a. (2, 8 higra), 
7 higre, 7- hygre, hyger. 8. (?6,) 7 agar, (9 
dial. ager), 7-9 eagre, 8 eger, egre, (9 egir, 
eegre, pscudo-arch. eygre), 7- eager, eagre. 
[Of unknown etymology. The conjecture which 
connects it with the OE. dagor, éor, occurring in 
comb., app. with sense ‘flood, ocean’, is unten- 
able, because the OE. g in such a position would 
have become y in mod.E. Nor can it be a. ON. 
égir ocean, sea-god, as the inflexional -r would 
in that case have disappeared. 

The identity of eagre with higre (latinized as higra by 
William of Malmesbury) seems clear from the sense, but is 
difficult to account for phonologically. The usual pronunc. 
in the neighbourhood of the Huabes and Trent is (2"ge.) ; 
the 17th (216th) c. spelling agar seems to be a phonetic 
rendering of this or its antecedent. The Dicts. give (7g24). 
Identity with Acker is not clearly indicated by the sense, 
and is very doubtful.) - 

A tidal wave of unusual height, caused by the 
rushing of the tide "p a narrowing estuary; = 
Bore 56.3 Chiefly with reference to the Humber 
(and Trent) and the Severn. 

a. [cxxag Witt. or Matmess. Gest. Pontific (Rolls) 
292 [The Bore on the Severn] Nautz certe gnari, cum vi- 
dent illam Higram (sic enim Anglici vocant) venire, navem 
obvertunt, et per medium secantes violentiam ejus eludunt.] 
1612 Drayton Poly-old, vii. 101 With whose tumultuous 
vanes _ up in 1 ge ig ope _ Bigs sae) raues. 

. Taytor (Water P. herry- le m. 
it Tine Moods hath lise aie d then Beare ~4 bey 2 or 

"yger, «it is the er, © TEELE Lying 
pied Such a Roll of the Tides as the hello ganas ly 
call the Higre, instead of the E: 1817 Starx //ist. 
Gainsburgh (1843) 522 A curious jomenon is 0 
in the Trent called the Eagre or Hy; 

B. {x Lyty Gadlathea 1. i, the econe is beside the 
Humber] Neptune..sendeth a Monster called the Agar, 

gai ger Ae - i ste wees om be ives flie 
away, etc.] 1 PRIGGE ia liv. (1854 sudden 
pret Bet of the tide coed Benes Sin t. Browne 
Pseud. be ae ol 312 Those Agars jpetuous flows. 
1685 Dayvpen Threnodia August. iv, His manly heart. like 
an eagre rode in triumph oer the tide. 1759 Jounson /dler 
No. 49 ® 12 He forded rivers where the current roared like 
the Bere of the Severn. 185 Sir F. Patcrave Norm, & 
Eng. 1. FP The Eager or Eau-guerre, so remarkable in the 
mouth of the Severn. 1862 Dana Man. Geol. 653 In the 

re of the Amazon, the whole tide up the stream 

in five or six waves..each twelve to fifteen feet high. 1863 
— Incetow High Tide Lindis..at the eygre’s 

ung uPpe her weltering walls. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf. 

Shiri. 11.87 He would. .get on a pink and go up wi’ th’ager. 

Eahte, obs. form of Aueut, property. 

Eaise, obs. form of Easz. 

Eal, obs. form of AWL. 

Eald, obs. form of Eup, Oxp. 

Kaldor, Ealdor-, WS. ff. of Atpor, ALDoR-. 

Ealdren, obs. and dial. form of ELDER. 

Eam, variant of Emr, Oés., uncle. 

Eam, obs. form of am: see Br v. 

+Ean, v. O’s. Forms: 1 éanian, 4 enen, 
enye(n, 5 enyn, 6 eane, eyne, 7- ean. (a. 
pile. 4 eindyd.) [OE. danian=Du. dial. oonen 
of same meaning; Prof. Sievers considers the 
OTeut. type to be *aundjan, f. *aw-7a Ewe. 


er. 


1000 Lamb, Ps. \xxvii(i). 7° (Bosw.) He pean tet 


r 5 


fram 
TRrevisa whys 451 An toad oy onze = Joe 


ben eind: . Parv. 
Zaye. ,~ aaes DEN Decades fod. Vane . 
re newly eyned. 1580 Nortn Plutarch 582 An Ewe 


had eaned a Lamb. . Smytu Lives Berkeleys 
- Ri th Lcmeple of rctegee 

-. could not W. 
Husbandm., WV. i. 115 (E. D. S) When she ewe has lately 
eaned. 1864 in WensTeR. 

Hence Ea‘ned #//. a., born (of lambs); Baning 
vl. sb., the action of bearing lambs ; also aétrié., as 
in caning-mood, -time; Banling, a young lamb. 


1596 Suaxs. Merch. V.1. iii. 80 All the eanelings which 

were streakt and pied. 1599 Broughton's Lett. vii. 24 Your 

— ee ie, being ever in the ing mood. 
renage mg} Fees ok bee oe 

them after eaning. ONSON heph. 1. iv. (1640) 

x94 And both lowes andl stoma Gn aie eeannr 

to increase your breed At eaning-time. G. Danten 


Bani, obs. f. Any. 

Ear (ie1), 54.1 Forms: 1-2 6are, 3-6 ere, (3 
ire, 4 3here, er, erre, § heer, here, 6 heare) 
4-6 eere, yere, 5 eire, 6-7 eare, 6- ear. Pi. 
ears; also 1-2 earan, I earo, -u, 2-4 earen, 
4 eeren, eren, (heren, ern), [Common Teut.: 
OE. éare wk. neut. = OFris. dre, OS. dre, bra 
(MDu. dre, oore, Du. oor), OHG. éra (MHG. ére, 
mod.G. ohr), ON. eyra (Sw. dra, Da. dre), Goth. 
ausé :—OTeut. *(au-son-), auzo'n-, cogn. with L. 
auris (:—*ausis), Gr. ots, Lith. ausis, OSlav. 
ucho, Olr. 6, of same meaning.] 

I. The organ of hearing in men and animals. 
Anatomists distinguish (1) the external ear, con- 
sisting of the pinna (the portion which projects 
outside the head) and the meatus or passage lead- 
ing thence to (2) the middle ear, or panum, a 
cavity in the substance of the tem bone, sepa- 
rated from the external meatus by a mem 
called the membrana tympani ; (3) the internal 
ear, or labyrinth, which is a complex cavity hol- 
lowed out of the bone. In popular language car 
is often used for the external ear or the pinna alone. 

1. The external ear. 


a 1000 Riddles \xxxviii. 3 (Gr.) Wiht..hafde an eage 
earan twa. a 1300 Cursor M. 18836 His hare. . Bi his 


je. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro/. 556 Reed as the 
brustles of a soweserys. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 
Vij gentylmen of Kent sett on the pyllery..and one 


.-are divided..in the hart, and pilous in the rat. 1746 W. 
Tuomrson 2. N. Advoc. (1757) 34 They not have let 
their Ears appear quite so » had suspected, etc. 
cx7so J. Newton Frnd. (1836) 64 Some of them said that 
their ears burned on their heads to hear me speak to such a 
man. 1832 Tennyson Miller's Dax, xxii, 1 would be the 
jewel That trembles in her ear. 

b. With certain defining words: a particular 


shape or appearance of the ear. Sutton ear: in 
F aig ear falling in front, and hi ee 
Rose ear; one folding at the back eg 
the inside. Asylum ear, insane ear: a disease 
the ear common among the insane in asylums. 

c. Phrases. Adout one's ears; said of a shower of 
blows or missiles, a tion, a falling house ; 
also Ag. Over (head A igpok iy atk ears: 

3 ly immersed in. Zo prick (up) one's ears: 
po flare lporeray fe led re . of 
to assume an attitude of expectant attention. + 70 
hang one’s ears: to be cowed, discouraged. Zo 
have, hold, take by the ears: to keep or obtain 
a secure hold upon (a person); so also, ¢o pull or 
drag by the ears, i.e. violently, roughly; fo /ead 
by the ears: to keep in abject + To 
pull one by the ear (? after L. ve auriculam) : 
Jig. to compel one’s attention. + 70 shake one's 
on CS Ce when wet); also, ?to make the 
best of a bad bargain; also, to show contempt or 
displeasure. Zo de ee ee ae to 


he sendy to sake egy Spee 
seen Valalavers te) All Sodome was.. 
about the ears of the | tants 1823 Byron 
Yuan xiv. x, | have brought this world about my ears, and 
eS cn % 
a Upatt Royster D. 1 i. 12 If woman 
sm) is he to the harde eares in Prrys 
Di 2 Oct, My ife, who is over head eares in get- 
i house up. Gray in Corr. N. (1843) 
Sega 
SAL 213, 1..Wwas ears . 
axe. Temp wee i, a7¢ At which like Vaback’t colts 
tn ck thet ares 2678 Mornay in Law 
apers 1 . Ixxxiv. 1 begine hange 
cue ok guatinnas tena saw the E, 


ja 


EAR. 


& dyvers others. .all out of humor. Mod. 1 pricked up my 
ears when I heard your name mentioned. 

@ 1555 RipLey . 206 Bertram was the first that pulled 
me by the ear and brought me from the common error of the 
Romish Church. 1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 62 For 
Poesie must not be drawne by the eares, it must be gently 
led. 1590 Dips 3c Afol. 1. Cb, They have all vowed to 
hale thee out of thy trenches by the head and eares. 1600 
Howianp Livy xxvi. 592 They would home to their very 
houses and pluck them out by the eares. c 1645 HowELL 
Lett, (1655) 1. xxviii. 39 Which Countries .. the Spaniard 
holds as one would do a Woolf by the ear, fearing they 
shouldrun away. 1884 Mary Hickson /reland in 17th C. 
I. Introd. 9 The chiefs..led the ignorant credulous masses 
by the ears after them. 

1583 Gorpinc Calvin on Deut. viii. 45 When Gods 
threatnings are vttered vnto vs a great many of vs do but 
shake our eares at them. 1606 Cuarpman Mons, D’Olive i. 
(D.) Shooke mine eares And lickt my lipps, as if I begg’d 
attention. c1645 Howect Lett. (1655) I. § i. xxi. 32 They 
shut their Gates against him, and made him go shake his 
ears, and to shift for his lodging. 1747 H. Wavrote Let? I. 
166 (D.) How merry my ghost will be, and shake its ears, 
to hear itself quoted as a person of consummate prudence. 

1 W. Norris No New Th. I. vii. 176 Many a man 
would give his ears to be allowed to call two such charming 
young ladies by their Christian names. 

d. + Zo go, come, fall, together by the ears, be 
by the ears: said of animals fighting; hence of 
persons, to be at variance (0ds.). So Zo set (per- 
sons) by the ears: to put them at variance. 

1539 TAVERNER Evrasm. Prov.(1552) 22 Theapes. .skambled 
and went together by y® eares forthe nuttes. 1579 Tomson 
Calvin's Serm. Tim, 280/1 When we be together by the 
eares like dogs and cattes. 1603 KNoLLes Hist. Turkes 
1184 They fell together by the eares about the matter, some 
aang, pert with the old General, and some with the new, 
1663 Butter Hud. 1.1. 4 When hard Words .. Set Folks 
together by the ears, And made them fight. 1725 De For 
Voy. round W. (1840) 67 They would fall together by the ears 
about who should go with you. 1755 SMOLLETT Qué. (1803) 
II. 225 In one place, we fight for a sword ; in another for a 
horse ; in short, we are all by the ears Gs dere 1793 Gouvr. 
Morris in Sparks Life § Writ. (1832) II. 282, I saw clearly 
that France and England would at length get by the ears. 
1868 G. Durr Pol. Surv. (1868) 40 Does it (Turkey] fancy 
that it will obtain security for itself by setting Greek and 
Bulgarian by the ears? 

+e. Zo sleep on the (right or left) ear: to sleep 
lying on one side. 70 be able to sleep on both ears 
[after L.: ‘you may sleep at ease on which ear 
you like’, Ter. H/eaut. 1. ii. 100]: to be free from 
anxiety. 

@ 1663 BraMHALL Ws. (1842-4) ILI. 518(D.), I will remove 
this scruple out of his mind that he may sleep securely upon 
both ears. 1768 Tucker L¢. Nat. (1805) VII. 485 Young 
people.. will need no more than one nap. .if they turn upon 
the other ear to take a second, they should be taught to 
look on it as an intemperance. . 

f. In allusion to the loss of ears as a punish- 
ment. + (Wot to dare) for one’s ears ; cf. for one’s 
life, and mod. collog. ‘It would be as much as his 
ears were worth’. 

1607 TopsELL Serpents 640 The Drones do willingly con- 
tain themselves in their own cells..the younger not daring 
for their ears to break into their fathers Lands. 

+e. Wine of one ear: good wine. [A French 
idiom of obscure origin.] 

1653 Urquuart Rade/ais 1. v, [The wine] is of one eare, 
well wrought, and of good wooll. 

2. The internal and middle ear, together or sepa- 
rately ; also the three portions as a whole. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ut. xviii. (1495) 64 The 
couenable lymme to herynge is a gristyl-bone set in the 
eere. 1615 Crooxe Body of Man 611 The Sounds. .are car- 
ied through the contorted Meanders of the Eares to the 

udito erue. 1808 Med. ¥rnd. XIX. 387 The Muscles 
of the Middle Ear. 186x Huvme tr. Moguin-Tandon u. 1. 
50 In the lowest animals the ear is reduced to a sack filled 
with a special fluid. 3 

3. With reference to its function: The organ of 
hearing. Zo speak in the ear: to whisper, speak 
privately. Proverb, Walls have ears, i.e. there 
may be listeners anywhere. 

eg Vesp. Psalter ix. 38 Lustas heortan heara geherde 
eare din. c¢ 1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt. xiii. 15 Hig hefelice mid 
earum gehyrdon [c 1160 Hatton earen]. c 1200 Trin. Coll. 
Hom. 181 Eien lokeé and eare lusted. a1225 Ancr. R. 98 
Sing ine min earen. @ 1300 Cursor M. 5140A ener 
spak al stillin hiser. ¢1380 Wycur Serm. cxl. Sel. \ 
II. 28 Here he bes wordis, wip ere and herte. <are 
Cuaucer H. Fame 2068 Tho thinges that I herdethere, What 
aloude and what in eere. 1432-50 tr. Higden (1865) I. 411 If 
thou putte thyne eiere to hit thou schalle here a maruellous 
sownde. a Kut. de la Tour (1868) 27 He rouned in one 
of his felawes heres. 1620 SHELTON Quix. IV. vii. 53 They 
say Walls have Ears. 1662 Gerpier Princ. 27 To inform 
either of them in the ear what may be the best for them to 
choose. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1v. 801 A buzzing 
Sound of Bees his Ears alarms. 17.. Cowrer Z¢. ii. 4 Nor 
ear heard huntsman’s halloo. 1859 Tennyson Laine. 893 
Till the ear Wearies to hear it. 

b. with adjs. expressing the character or dis- 
position of the person listening, as vulgar, polite; 

fastidious, willing, sympathetic, patient. 

1593 Hooker Ecc?. Pol. 1. xvi, Plausible to vulgar eares, 
1631 R. Byrterp Doctr. Sabb. 32 This is abhorring to 
Christian..eares. @1703 Burxirr Ox N. 7. Mark ix. 8 
The obedient ear honours Christ more than. .the applauding 
tongue. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IIL, 511 Things unfit 
for ears polite. 3 

ce. transf. and fig. esp.as attributed to the mind, 
the heart, etc., or to quasi-personified objects. 


5 


c 1400 Afol. Loll. 36 Wip be eeris & een of his hert. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 146 No persone may receyue 
..the counseyles of the holy goost, excepte he haue a 
spirituall eare. , Suaks. Merch. V. u. v. 35 Stop my 
houses eares, | meane my casements. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 
u. xxiii, 126 Those that are appointed to receive the Peti- 
tions .. of the People..are as it were the publique Eare. 
— Appison Ps, xix, In reason’s ear they all rejoice. 1853 
Maurice Proph. § Kings xx. 350 There was an ear in an 
Assyrian. . people which could be opened to hear God’s word. 
1864 Burton Scot. Aér. I. ii. 103 The illustrious Eastern 
conqueror, whose name fills the ear of fame. 

d. fig. Phrases, Zo ofen one’s cars, incline one’s 
ear(s, lend an ear (one’s ears), + lay to one’s ears: 
to listen (see give car in 6). To bow down one’s 
car: to listen graciously. + Zo cast aside one’s car: 
to listen casually. Zo de all ears: to be eagerly 
attentive. Zo close, stop one’s cars, turn (‘+t give) 
a deaf ear: to refuse to listen. + 70 hear of both 
ears: to hear both sides, be impartial. + AVot ¢o 
hear of that ear: to be wilfully obtuse on a cer- 
tain subject, ‘to be deaf on that side of the head’. 
To goin at one ear and out at the other: said of 
discourse that produces no impression on the 
hearer’s mind. 70 have itching ears (after 2 Tim. 
iv. 3): to be eager to hear novelties. 70 tickle 
the ear(s: to gratify with agreeable sounds ; hence 
to flatter, coax ; so also, + Zo stroke the ears. 

c1375 Lay-Folks Mass-bk. B. 585 Bow doun pin eren. 
1430 Syr Tryam. 59 note, If ye wyll..laye to your eere, 
Of adventres ye shall here. 1604 Dekker Honest Wh. 1.1. 
Wks. 1873 II. 9 Viola. Then lend me your eares. /ust, Mine 
eares are yours deare sister. 1611 Bis_e Pov. iv. 20 My 
sonne,..incline thine eare vnto my sayings. 1611 — /’s. 
xxxi. 2 Bowe downe thine eare to me. 1632 B. Jonson 
Magn. Lady1.i.(D.) Hang your ears this way, and hear his 
praises. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. 1. 74, 1.. began to 
open my ears, the better to understand so efficacious a 
proof. 1878 Mortey Carlyle, Crit. Misc. 202 These are 
possibilities to which he will lend no ear. 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas ut. xxv. 969 a, Of hap, as he kest his 
eare aside, He, of two porters, the counsaile did espie. 

1786 tr. Beckford’s Vathek (1868) 88 He was all ear to her 
charming voice. 1865 ‘T'RoLLorE Belton Est. xv. 174, lam 
all ears. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 19452 Leh wreches..gun bair erin 
for to ditt. 31548 HALL Chron. Rich. /1/, 24 (Halliw.) She 
began .. to relent and to geve to them no deffe are. 1600 
Hoiiann Livy xxxun. xlvii. 850 Scipio Africanus for a long 
time gave the deafeeare..unto them. x611 SHAKs. Wint. 
T. v. i, 201 [The king of] Bohemia stops his eares. 1835 
Tuirtwa.t Greece I. vii. 272 She had turned a deaf ear to 
the persuasions by which they sought to prevail on her. 

1624 SANDERSON Sern. I. 239 Our unthankfulness, how 
foul it is .. But we cannot abide to hear on this ear. 1705 
HickerinaiL_ Priest-Cr. 1. v. 50 A Man of Understanding 
.. is not apt to pass sentence till he hear of both Ears, and 
have well pondered, Pro and Con. 

c 1400 Rom. Rose 5154 For alle yede oute at oon ere That 
in that other she dide lere. 1583 GotpinG Calvin on Deut. 
xxi. 125 [A sermon] goes in at the one eare and out at the 
other. 1726 AMuerst Jerre Fil. xxxiii. 173 Let it go in at 
one ear, and out at the other ; never report it again. 

a 1668 Denuam Sf. agst. Peace at Close Comm. xi, Did I 
for this take pains. .To stroke the people’s ears ? 

A. transf. Used in sing. and f/. for: The sense 
of hearing, auditory perception (cf. similar use of 
eye, palate). In the ears (rarely ear) of: within 
the hearing of, so as to be heard by. (Orig. a 
Biblical Hebraism, and now somewhat arch.) Zo 
come to the ear(s of: to come to (a person’s) know- 
ledge by hearing; said of facts, reports, etc. + Az 

Jirst ear: on the first hearing. 

1297 R. Giouc. 492 It com the kinge to ere. 1375 Bar- 
sour Bruce v. 449 The tithandis..Com to the cliffurdis ere. 
1382 Wyciir Luke iv. 21 This scripture is fulfillid in 3oure 
eeris. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.1. v. 17 A third 
cause of common Errors is..a believing at first eare what is 
delivered by others. 1749 CuesterF. Lett. 9 Dec. (1870) 
158 Most people have ears, but few have judgment. 

5. (in stg. only) The faculty of discriminating 
sounds ; esf. that of accurately recognizing musical 
intervals. More fully mzstcal ear, ear for music. 
Similarly, az ear for verse, etc. To sing or play 
by ear: i,e. without the aid of written music. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 158 b, In the psalmody. . 
haue a good eare. 16.. Perys Diary (1879) IV. 139 Sing- 
ing with my wife, who has lately begun to learn .. though 
her eare is not good. 1674 PLayrorp Skill Mus. 1.110 'To 
learn to play by rote or ear without Book. 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 313 #9, I have no Ear for Musick. 1 Cow- 
rer Lett, Wks. (1876) 40, I am convinced .. that he has no 
ear for poetical numbers. 1789 BeLsHam Ess. I. xii. 220 The 
ear distinguishes verse from prose. 1837 Disrarti Venetia 
u1. i, (1871) 104 A fine ear for music. 18) Sayce Philol. vi. 
246 The 1 ear is. .the creation of a high civilisation. 

6. Voluntary hearing, listening, attention. Chiefly 
in phrases like 70 give car: to listen attentively. 
To have (win, gain) a person’s ear: to have (ob- 
tain) his favourable attention. 

1503 Hawes Exam. Virt. vi. 83 Gyuynge god ere vnto the 
vteraunce. 1587 Harrison England u, i. (1877) 1. 23 
Your request deserveth little consideration and lesse eare. 
1611 Cotcr., Ouye, eare, attention, hearing. 1 Mra. 
Worcester Cent. Znv. in Dircks Life (1865) 384 Never re- 
fused me his ear to any reasonable motion. x170x W. Wor- 
ton Hist. Rome Alex.1. 463 They. .would. .sell his Ear, pre- 
tending Interest where they hadnone. 1710StTEELE Tatler 
No.1P7 Mr. Kidney .. has the Ear of the greatest Poli- 
ticians, 


1727 De For Syst. Magic. t iv. (1840) 103 On 


EAR. 


condition that thou wilt now .. give ear to my instructions. 
1826 E. Irvine Babylon II. vi. 7 Some messenger powerful 
enough to take their ear and be heard. 1884 Times 
(weekly ed.) 31 Oct. 14/3 To Pe the ear of the House. — 

II. An object resembling the external ear in 
shape or relative position. 

+7. One of the auricles of the heart. Oés. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxvi. (1495) 149 Thyse 
two pyeces ben callyd the eeres of the herte. 1541 R. Cor- 
LAND Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The hert hath two eares.. 
y' serue for to let the ayrein and out. 1604 E. Grimstone 
Hist. Siege Ostend 196 The bullet had peirced through his 
heart, and had stayed in the left eare. 1671 Grew Anat. 
Plants 1. vii. § 4 The Fibers of the Ears of the Heart. 

8. The handle of a pitcher or drinking vessel, 
and dial. of many other things. 

(Cf. Ger. hr (:—OHG. 6r, perh.=OE. g've, ? spike at the 
back of an axe), dse (:-MHG. ase, f. base of OTeut. av‘son, 
auzo'n=Ear); Eng. employs the primary word in this sense 
instead of a derivative as in Ger.] 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 141 Ere of a vesselle, asa. 1522 
MS. Acc. St. Fohn's Hosp., Canterb., For a new bayle & 
anere.. of the bukket. 1534 in Peacock Eng. Ch. Hurnt- 
ture (1866) 211 Item an other basen of latten withowt erys 
weynge vii, 1602 Plat Delightes for Ladtes liv, A deep 
bottomed bason..with two eares of Iron to hange it. 1697 
Dryven Virg. (1806) I. 135 His empty can, with ears half 
worn away, Was hung on high, 1782 Cowrer Gilpin 61 
Each bottle had a curling ear. ’ ; 

b. The part of a bell by which it is hung; a 
similar part on the ram of a pile-driver, by which 
it is lifted ; ‘the lugs or ear-shaped rings fastened 
on the larger bombs or mortar shells for their con- 
venient handling with shell-hooks’ (Adm, Smyth). 

1484 Churchw. Acc. Wigtoft, Lincolnsh. (Nichols 1797) 80 
Paide..for makyng..an ere to y® for bell. 1872 ELLacomBr 
Bells of Ch. i. 4 Vhe various parts of a bell may be described 
as .. the ear or cannon on its top .. by which it is hung. 

9. Alech. A projection on the side or edge of a 
piece of machinery ora tool; serving as a handle 
or attachment, as one of a pair of supports on 
opposite sides, or for other purposes. 

1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 2 At the Ear of the upper 
Bellows board is fastened a Rope. 1874 Knicut Duct. 
Mech., Ear, one of the two projecting parts on the portions 
of an eccentric strap by which they are bolted together. 
Ibid. Ear, in Printing, a projection on the edge of the 
frisket; or one on the edge of the composing-rule, 1876 
Hites Catech. Organ iv. (1878) 27 Flue-pipes [of an organ] 
..are often furnished with ears, that is, pieces of metal or 
wood projecting from each side of the mouth. 

Used by Dryden in the description of a 
Roman plough (transl. L. aur7s]. 

1697 Drypven Virg. Georg. 1. 252 A fastned Beam prepare, 
On either side the Head produce an Ear. 

10. Ears of a pump: ‘the support of the bolt 
for the handle or break’ (Adm. Smyth). 

ll. Naut. See quot. 

c18s0 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 Ears of boats, the 
knee-pieces at the fore-part on the outside, at the height of 
the gunwale. 

12. Bot. and Conch. = AURICLE 2. 

1688 R. Home Armoury 1. 85/1 The Ears, or fines, are 
such leaves as grow on the foot stalk, either naturally small, 
or through extravagancy above natures use. 1755 Gent. 
Mag. XXV. 32 Ear, is the flat part that in some bivalves 
spreads from the Cardo, or joint, as in a scalop. 1854 
Woopwarp Mollusca u. 258 Shell hyaline, posterior ears 
obsolete, anterior prominent. 1861 Miss Pratr Flower. 
Pi. 111. 183 Corolla with two ears at the base, which remain 
and crown the fruit. : 

13. The part of a cap coming over the ears, 

c1830 Mrs. SHerwoop Holston Tracts M11. Ixxvii. 8 
The ears of her mob cap untied for the benefit of the air. 

14, Artificial ear: an ear-trumpet in the form of 
a natural ear. 

III. Comd. and attrib. 

15. General relations: a. attributive (portions 
or natural appendages of the ear), as ear-drum, 
-lobe, ridge, -root, -sac, -tip, -tuft; (ornaments 
worn in the ear), as ear-jewel, -pendant ; (surgical 
instruments for operating on or examining the ear), 
as ear-douche, -lamp, -nozzle, -speculum, -syringe ; 
b. objective, as ear-protector, -whisperer ; + ear- 
bussing, -catching, -crucifying, -deafening, + -deaf- 
ing, -erecting, -kissing, -piercing, -pleasing, -split- 
ting, -stunning adjs., ear-tickling adj. and vbl. 
sb.; ¢. locative and instrumental, as ear-/abour, 
-cropped, -directed, -hard adjs. 

1605 Suaxs. Lear u. i. (Qo.), You have heard of the news 
.. 1 meane the whisper’d ones, for they are yet but *ear 
bussing [/odios here kissing] arguments. 1839 Darsy 
Introd. Beaum. & Fil. (1839) I. 25 Fletcher's *ear-catch- 
ing language. 1646 J. Hatt Poems, To Mr. Hall, Thou 
need’st no nose-lesse monuments display Or *Ear-cropp’d 
Images. 1 Woxcotr (P. Pindar) Sudy. for Paint. 
Wks. 1812 II. 110 Raising such *ear-crucifying noise. 
r61r SHaxs. Wint. 7. mu. i. 9 The *eare-deaff’ning Voyce 
o’ th’ Oracle. 1644 Butwer Chirol. 8 The noise of some 
*eare-deafing crowd. 1812 G. Corman By. Grins, Lady of 
Wreck u. xxvi, *Ear-directed by the sound. 1645 RuTHER- 
ForD Tryal § Tri. Faith (1845) 63 There is carnosity on 
the *ear-drum. 1798 Epcewortx Pract. Educ. (1822) 1. 
166 The much-enduring ear-drum of the nursery-maid. 
Cowrer Task 1. 9 He chirrups brisk his *ear-erecting 
steed. 1731-1800 Baitey, *Zar Hard, spoken of a Horse. 
1725 De For Voy. round W. (1840) 126 Made the other 

ull off his two *ear-jewels also. a 1593 H. Smit Wés. (1866) 
1 25 But as we pray, So we hear; the one is a lip-labour 
re the other is an *ear-labour.. 1859 R. Burton Centr. 


EAR. 


fe in Frul. R.G.S. XXX. 130 All distend the *ear- 
$ is ith a satis. and is enlarged by 
inserting bits of ° tr. Senault’s Par. upon Fob 
16 An *Ear-pendant of gi 1604 Suaxs. Oth, 111. iii. 3 

’ *Eare-piercing Fife. 1853 Kincstey Hyfatia oh 
Wail on wail, | |, ar-piercing, rang along the vaulted 
roofs, 3643 W, Hoons New Bag Tears Pret Aij b, AS 


wolf-skin. 1616 Surrt. & Marku. Countr. Farm 128 You 

Horse .. h much, especially in his flanks, at_his 
*eare-roots, and in such like vsuall places. 1709 Lond. Gas. 
No. 4540/8 A.. Bay Gelding .. hath large slouch Ears .. 
very large Ear-roots. 1882 W. K. Parker in 7vans. Linn. 
Soc. 11. 1. 166 The huge *ear-sacs are quite perfect as to 
cartilage. 1884 Pal/ Mail G. 10 Sept. 4/1 The trombones 
seemed .. to drown everything else by their os 
tones. 1 Tennyson Jires. 11 That “ear-stunning 

of Ares. 1 Academy 10 bard 303/t There is no *ear- 
tickling, or mere writing for effect. 180r Soutney Lett. 


16. Special comb.: ear-bob (now vulgar or 
humorous), = EAR-DROP; t+ ear-bored f/f/. a. 
(see BorE v.1 1c); ear-bow, an ornament for a 
horse’s ear; ear-brisk a, (see quot.); ear-brush 
= AURILAVE (see quot.); ear-bulb (Awmat.), the 
membranous labyrinth and the cochlea together ; 
ear-cap (see quot.) ; ear-chamber, the cavity of 
the internal ear; ear-conche (Ava/.), the concha 
or external ear; ‘+ ear-confession, auricular 
confession; ear-cornet, a kind of ear-trumpet ; 
ear-cough, a ‘cough excited through irritation of 
the external ear’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ear-covert, 
a tuft of feathers covering the ear in birds, = 
AURICULAR B. a; ear-deep a., reaching the ears 
only; +ear-dove, obs. name of some bird (see 
quot.); tear-dropper, an eaves-dropper; ear- 
exercise, an exercise for training the musical ear; 
+ ear-finger, the little finger, often put in the ear, 
= AURICULAR B. b; ear-flap, the lobe or the loose 
part of the ear; the external ear generally ; + ear- 
gristle, the cartilage of the ear, the external ear; 
+ ear-guard, one who prevents a person from 
hearing; ear-hole, the aperture of the ear; 
dial. used for the ear itself; + ear-knowledge, 
knowledge obtained by hearsay; ear-lap, the 
lobe of the ear; also the external ear as a whole ; 
ear-lappet, ? =car-covert; + ear-leaf (Fot.), the 
cotyledon of a plant; ear-lechery (see quot.) ; 
+ear-lid (see quot.) ; ear-lock, a lock of hair 
over or above the ear; ear-nosed a., Conch. (see 
quot.) ; ear-pieces, ear-plate, part of a helmet 
covering the ears; ear-port (see quot.); ear- 
reach, = Ear-SHoT; +t ear-rentingly adv., ? for 
car-rendingly, but cf. EAR-RENT ; ear-room (cf. 
house-room); ‘t ear-rowner, an ear-whisperer ; 
ear-say, erroneously used for hearsay ; ear-scalp 
(Anat.), the skin covering the ears ; ear-shell (see 
quot.) ; t+ ear-shrift, auricular confession; + ear- 
sore, something disagreeable to the ear (cf. EyE- 
SORE) ; ear-sore a, (dza/.), irritable, ill-tempered ; 
+ ear-spectacle, an ear-trumpet ; ear - stone, an 
otolith ; ear-string (cf. eye-strings, heart-strings) ; 
+ ear-wire (see quot. 1685) ; ear-worm, ? = Ear- 
wi; fig.a secret counsellor; ear-wort, a plant 
supposed to be good for curing deafness, Dysophila 
auricularis (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Also Ear - ACHE, 
-DROP, -MARK, -MARKED, -PICK, -RING, -SHOT, 
-TRUMPET, -WAX, -WISE, -WITNESS, q. Vv. 


1648 Gace West Ind. xii. (1655) 56 Her *eare-bobs of some 
considerable ae 1869 Pall Mali G. 4 He purchased a 
pair of ear-bo 1658 2nd Narr. Late Parl. in Select. fr. 
Harl. Misc. (1793) 433 The *ear-bored slavish citizens. 1691 
E. Taytor Behmen's Theos. Phil. 64 Are volun’ Ear- 

Slaves. 1796 W. Fevton Carriages 11. 148 The 
*Earbows are of stiff leather, and covered with lace, or 
tape, 1731-1800 Baitey, “Zar Brisk, when he [a horse) 
carries his Ears forward. 1851 S. Jupp Margaret u. viii. 
(1871) 281 He was an ear-brisk and high-necked critter. 
Kuicut Dict. Mech., *Ear-brush, a toilet instrument for 
cleaning the ear, 1836-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. II. 529/2 The 


*ear-bulb .. consists of a hard external case. Craic, 
*Ear-cap, a cover for the ears against the 1854 
Owen in Circ. Sc. (¢ 1865) LI. 65/2 They contribute .. to the 


formation of the *ear-chamber. 1875 Biaxe Zool. 86 There 
are no *earconches, lips, teeth, epiglottis .. nor scrotum. 
1549 ALLEN tr. Fude's Par. Rev. 37 articles of auricular 
and *eare confession, of purgatorye. 1877 Burnet Zar 326 
*Ear-cough was known to medical men a long time ago. 
1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1, 233 Head, nape of the neck, 
*ear-coverts pale yellow. a i843 Soutuey Tri. Woman 

i Content with *ear-deep melodies. 1725 SLoane Vamaica 
. 304 It had two spots of each side of the neck of a dark 
colour, whence the name of *Ear-Dove. @1670 HackET 
Abp. Williams 11. 81 (D), An *ear-dropper ‘ht hear such 
things talk’d at cock-pits and dancii 1887 Bir- 
mingham Instit. Mag. Sept. 23 The canes in Harmony— 
*Ear Exercises, and Sight Singing. 1000 AiLrric Gram. 
Z.) 298 Auricularis, *ear-finger, 1644 Butwer Chirod, 


iv. 126 The hat is .. attached by strings round the earlaps. 
1884 tr. Lotze’s Logic 40 Aristotle gives risibility as a 
property of man, Hegel..the ear-lap; both distinguish 
man from the brutes. 1868 Darwin Anim. §& Pi. 1. vii. 
244 The breeds which... have red *ear-la 1718 Brap- 
LEY Gardening (1731) 285 If any seed had Moisture 
enough to put forth its Radicle never so little, and is after 
that check‘d before the *Ear-Leaves appear. 1737 M. Green 
Spleen (1738) 20 Hir'd to praise with stallion pen, Serve the 
*ear-lechery of men. 1552 Hutort, *Eare lydde, or over- 
parte of the eare, Ainnuda. c1775 Weicu in Harper's M 
(1883) Oct. 736/ A musket ball [struck] the pin out of t 
hair of his *ear-lock. 1809 W. Irvine Knickerd, (1861) 18. 
His hair strutting out on each side in stiff _—— 
ear-locks. 1705 I. Periver in Phil. Trans. xx . 1954 This 
is distinguisht from the last in being .. *Ear- i 
inclining more towards one end of the hinge. @ SouTHey 
Comm.-Pl. Bk. Ser.u. (1849)644 The morion should be with- 
out *ear-pieces. 1622 F. Marxuam Bk. Wart. ix. § 3.34 
A Spanish Morian .. bound downe with lined *eare-plates 
vnderneath his chinne. 1751 SMoLtett Per. Pic. xcix. Wks. 
(1797) IV. 461 Your “ear-ports will let in the sound. 1642 Fut- 
Ler Holy & Prof. St. v. xviii. u. § 6 Some invisible eare might 
lie in ambush within the *Eare-reach of his words. 1593 
Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 63 Roaring and *eare-rentingly ex- 
claiming. a1656 Br. Hatt Select Th. § 48 Som there are 
that will not give so much as *ear-room to the Word of 
Truth. 71388 WimpeLpon Sevm. in Hatton MS. 57 p. 11 
(Halliw.) It is good that every lorde of the comunte not 
lad bi folis, nor bi noon othir *ere-rownerys. 1817 CoLx- 
ripGe Biog. Lit. I. iii. 53, I have only *ear-say evidence. 
1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 396 This part is distributed to 
the *ear-scalp and the muscles of the mouth. 1753 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. Supp., *Ear Shell, auris marina, in natural history, 
the name of a genus of shell-fish. 1838 Penny Cycl. X11. 
14/2 This section of Gastropods [Haliotide] commonly 
called ‘Ear-shells’ or ‘Sea-ears’, 1554 T. Sampson in 
Strype Eccl. Mem. 111. App. xviii. x. But this is so far from 
their “ear-shrift. 1604 Basincton Notes Levit, Wks. (1637) 
385 Our Popish Teachers would gather an ment for their 
Auricular Confession and Eare-shrift. 1594 Carew Huarte's 
Exam. Wits viii. (1596) 106 It is rather an head-ach than an 
eare-sore. 21704 1. Brown Ws. (1760) I. (D.) The per- 
petual jangling of the chimes .. is no small ear-sore to us. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 285 Mark whether any Sound abroad 
in the open Air, will not be heard distinctly, from further 
distance, than without that Instrument ; being (as it were) 
an *Eare-spectacle. 1854 Bapnam Hadieut, 171 The large 
*ear-stones, which.. characterise all the members of the 

resent group [the gurnard group]. 1810 Soutney Achama, 
The *ear-strings throb as if they were rent, 1659 FELTHAM 
Low Countries (1677) 54 Their *Ear-wyres have so nipt in 
their Cheeks. 1685 Cooke Marrow of Chirurg. (ed. 4) v. 
i. 221 The Ear-wires worn by women to fix their Head- 
clothes too to keep them on. 1998 tr. Linschoten’s Voy. 
1. xl, 84/2 They [in India] can hardly kepe any paper . from 
wormes, which are like *eare-wormes. a1670 Hacker Ad/. 
Williams U1. 152 There is nothing in the oath to protect 
such an ear-worm, but he may be ap 


Ear (i°1), 53.2 Forms: 1 éar, eher, sehher, 
echir, 2 eher, 3 er, 3-5 ere, 5 eere, 3er, 6-7 
eare, 7- ear. For Sc. forms see Icker. [OE. éar 
(WS.), eher, ahher (Northumb.), wchir (? Mercian) 
=OHG. ehir, ahir, (MHG. cher neut., mod.G,. 
dhre fem., Du. aar), ON. ax (Sw., Da. ax), Goth. 
ahs (genit. aisis) neut.:—OTeut. *ahoz-, of same 
meaning =Lat. acus (genit. -évis) neut., husk of 
corn. Words radically of the same origin and 
— are Awn, Alt 56.2] 

spike or head of corn; the part of a cereal 
plant which contains its flowers or seeds. Jn 
(+ OE, on) the ear, in ear: said of corn when in 
the stage at which it bears ears; cf. 7 flower. 


EAR-COCKLE. 


¢1460 Towneley Myst. 12 At time 1 sew fare corn 

1616 Surri. & : Comat aag 5 Hee shall athe 
1693 W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. 516 Ear-land, arvum. 

Ear, sé.4 dial. ‘A west country term for a 
place where hatches prevent the influx of the tide’ 
(Adm. Smyth), 1847 Hatuiw. (Somerset.) 

Ear (ie1), v.1 Ods. exc.arch. Forms: 1 erizan, 
1-2 erien, (3 erien), 3-5 ere(n, (eer), 6-8 eare, 
7- ear. (3-5 here, 5 eryyn, eiere, 6 eire, eyr, 
6-8 Sc. dial, are, 7 ayre.) [Common Teut.: OE. 
evian = OF ris. eva, ODu. evien, OHG. erran, erren, 
(MHG. even, ern, early mod.G. aren), ON. erja, 
Goth. arjan :—OTeut. *arjan, f. WAryan root *ar 
to plough, whence Gr. dpé-ew, L. ar-are, Ir.atirim.] 

1. ¢vans. To plough, till (the ground) ; also, to 
- up (the ground), to throw wf (an object) 
with a plough. 

888 K. AEirrep Boeth. xiv. 4 (Gr.) Peah him mon erigan 
scyle cera pusend. cx000 ELrric Gram. xxiv. 135 Hafst 
ae ree sages Akcs. 4: DONE ae For 
non erpe ne eren. ¢ romp. Parv. 14% tenibo, 
aro. ¢1420 Pallad, pas aly 1. 184 To tille a felde man 
must .. eree it uppe bydene. 1513 Las Aineis vu. ix. 
140 And wyth ane hundreth plewis the land he aryt. 1526 
Pilgr, Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 23 After that he tempereth it 
with dong, than eareth it, soweth it, and haroweth it. 1587 
Harrison England 1. xxiv. Get 361 A siluer saucer..was 
eared vp bya plough. 1601 Hottanp Pliny 1. When 
you ere it [the ground] vp with the plough. 1607 Norpen 
Surv. Dial. 181 A plow will ayre an Acre a day. 1721-1800 
Baey, To Ear, or Are, to till, plough, or fallow the 
Ground. 1855 SincLeton Virgil I. 83 But if you'll ear the 
soil For wheaten harvest. 

b. adsol. 

a 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xvii. 7 Hwylc eower hefp erigendne 
peow. cxr20g Lay. 10030 Heo gunnen to arien. 1297 R. 
Guouc. 21 Heo .. erede and sewe, So pat in lutel while gode 
cornes hem grew. c1430 Lypc. Boo 1. xix. (1554) 35 b, 
If ye not hered in my calf. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 74/4 
The oxen erid in the ghe. 1526 TinpDALE 1 Cor. ix. 10 
That he which eareth should ear in hope. es oh Rispon 
Surv. Devon § 77 (1810) 78 Plough with a go! ter, 
And eare with a gilded shere. 

2. transf. an AE: 

€ 1386 Cuaucer Kuts. 7. 28, I wolde have told you fully 
. But all this thing I moste as now forbere. I have..a large 
feeld to ere. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 271/3 With the plough 
of 2 — — feldes papery aap Seite 4 a 
u. F ij, grimage you to feelde 
seas + “a ae Faas Tene L Rng field of 
loue, with plow of vertue eared. 1606 Suaks. Ant. § Cl. 
1. iv. Make the Sea serue them; which they eare and 
wound With keeles. 


Three K. Cologne (Bedf. MS.) vii, [In Palestine] atte 
Cristemasse bat See to ere. 610 G. Frercuer 
Christ's Vict. in 's S. P. (1848) 56 Thou with corn canst 
TVic ars he tarkey » uct facing wah on accoust ofa 
dry pel, 1797 Hotcrort Stolberg’s Trav. (ed. 2) U1. 
Ixxvii. 157 Therye was .. Bp ee 

+ Ear, v.3 Obs, [f. Ear sd.1; in some cases 
perh. a misspelling for hear.] trans. To give ear to. 

1583 Sranynurst 2 neis 1. ) 117 You .. Eare 
this I doe craue you. @ 1626 FLretcHer Two Noble Kinsm. 
m1. i, Thou knew’st .. I ear’d her 

Ear, dial. var. of Nenz, kidney. 

+ Earable, a. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 5-7 
erable, 5 errabull, 6-7 errable, (herabul), ere- 
able, 6-7 earable. [f. v.1+-ABLE.] Capable 
of ae ploughed; fit for tillage. Also adso/. as 
quasi-sé. Cf, ARABLE. 


nape Canzen Fam Gary) 18 Good londe erable and fayr 


a8o0 Corp. Gloss. 1892 Spicas, ear. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. 


gee ERE a Ye yp ne Rushen schir: caste 
ear [cggo fe i; ushw. ‘68 
Hatton ear), bid. Mark iv. 2 fullne hwate on 
pam eare [c 950 Lindis/. eher; c975 Kushw. whher; c1160 
Hatton eare). ¢ 1250 Gen. & Ex. 2104, Vii. eares wexen fette 
of coren, R. Grouc. 490 Tho grene corn in 
ssolde curne, To foule wormes muchedel the eres gonne 
turne. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P, R. xvu. clvi. (2495) 709 
The heedis of corn eres ben arerid ¢ 1420 4 
on Husb. vu, 16 sew are ripe and is to amende 
Er the eere to breke shedde it. 1483 Cath. Angi. 116 An 
Ere of corne; spica, arista. ¢ Caxton Sonnes of Aymon 
136 We oughte to ryde now.. le the corne is in the cere. 
1523 Frvzuers. //usd. § 13 Sprot-barley hath a flat eare. 161 
BLE Z-x, ix. 31 Barley was in the ear. 1740 SOMERVILLE 


of 
the ear, 18ax Ciare Vill, Minstr. 1, 
Marking each little object on his An insect, sprig 
of grass, and ear of grain. 

+ Ear, 50.3 Obs. rare—'. Forms: 5 yere, 7 
eare, (f. Ear v.] The action of ploughing; a 
ploughing. Also in comd., as ear-land, -time, 


Avaseol. Gen. 5% ble, 

Ea‘r-ache. [f Ear 3d.1] 

1. Pain in the of the ear; o' 

sty W. Rocean Dom, See ane 1 When the ear-ach 
proceeds from insects, or an’ ing in the ear. 
x06 Fr, Kenner Resid. Georgia 63 poor woman su! 


earache. 
"% dial, the Field Poppy. (Britten and Holland.) 
+ Barral a. ? nonce-wa. That addresses the ear. 
true 


who are earal, men, that speak 
than intend. 

eer iat) Earn 

Earar, var. of Exxr, sooner. ‘ 

R, ire tls Oy f. Ear ee cnt 5; 
some sense, perhaj name of weed. 

i< disease of Wheat and other g eee 
ts caused presence vibriones in 

ged” (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 


. 


ae a ® 


EAR-DROP. 


Ear-drop (ie1drgp). [f. Ear sd.1+ Drop sé.] 

1. An ornamental pendant worn in the ear. 

2. transf. The i ane name of the flower of the 
common fuchsia, (Britten and Holland.) 


Eared (ie1d), f/. a.) [f. Ear s6.1+-xp.] 

1. Furnished with ears (in various senses) ; in Bot. 
=AuricutaTe. ared owl: a species of owl 
which has tufts on the head resembling ears. 

14 . £, Wills (1882) 101 A litill panne of brasse y-ered. 
1 yop Exerc. v. xii. (ed. 7) 556 He is eared and 
tailed like a Rat. 1677 Por Nat. Hist. Oxfordsh. 103 This 
stone is.. eared on both sides. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca 
(1856) 256 Shell sub-orbicular .. beaks approximate, eared. 
1867 Atheneum No. 2094. 812/2 A white cap and eared 
head-dress. Cy Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 176C, A 
group of Eared Seals. : 

b. With defining word: Having (large, open, 
etc.) ears. Also Lop-EARED, PRICK-EARED, etc. 
+ Four-eared: ?=four-armed (said of a market 


cross). 

1514 MS. Acc. St. Fohn’s Hosp. Canterb., Rec... for land 
ibe fower yeryd cros. 1724 Lond. Gaz. No, 6324/3 A 
Cart-like Gelding ..a little Wide Ear’d. 1813 SoutHEy 
Roderick vi, ‘The whole people heard .. open-ear’d, the 
sound, 1825 Mrs. SHErwoop O/d Times u, Her hair..was 
combed neatly under a round-eared cap. 

+2. (Cf. L. aurtti canes in Apuleius.) Ods. 

1607 TorsELt Four. Beasts 111 Dogs. .are called. . fierce, 
subtil, sounding, bold, eared for attention, affable, swift. 

Eared (ie1d), #A/. 2.2. Also 4 eeryd. [f. Ear 
sb.2 and v.24+-ED.] Of com or similar plants: 
Having ears; in Yer. having ears of a certain tinc- 
ture. Also, That has come into ear. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. x1. vi. (1495) 393 Dewe 

ndrid in corrupt ayre .. corrumpyth grene corn whan it 
is eeryd, 1563 YLL Garden. (1593) 105 The flour also is 
eared, much like to an ear of corne. 1589 R. Harvey P72. 
Perc. (1590) 2t A crop of toward youth, so well eared, that 
they put vs in hope of a timely haruest. 16r0 GuILiim 
Heraldrie 1. ix. 111 Three Wheate stalkes, bladed and 
Eared all proper. 1623 E. Wynne in Whitbourne New- 
Joundland 108 We have Wheate, Barly, Oates & Beanes 
both eared and codded. 1870 Ruskin in Daily Tel. 7 Oct., 
If one could only consider it as much a victory to get a 
barren field sown as to get an eared field stripped. 

+Earestay. ? Mistake for caresaye, obs. f. 
KersEY. 

16rx in J. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. I. 71 Unam 
peciam linei vocatam Earestayes. 

Harewe, obs. form of Arrow. 

Harfth, var. of Arvetu, Ods. 

|| Barrik. [Ir. eirzc.] Compensation, fine. 

1586 J. Hooxer Girald. Jre/. in Holinshed II. 23/2 When 
earike or composition is made among the late people for 
anie murther. 


+ Eavring, v7. sb.1 Ods. 
The action of ploughing; a ploughing. 
attrib., as in earing-time. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 141 Eryynge of londe, aracio, 1580 
Baret Aly, E15 The first earing, or tilth of land. x6rx 
Biste £x. xxxiv. 21 In earing time and in haruest thou 
shalt rest. 1616 SurFL. & Marku, Country. Farm 537 Wheat 
or mesling especially doe desire to haue three earings before 
they bee sowne. 

Ea‘ring, v0/. sb.2 [f. Ear v.2] The process 
of coming into ear. Also concr. (see quot 1750). 

31547 T. Key Erasm. Par. Mark (1548) iv. 17 It widdered 
awaye before it came to earing. a1682 Sir T., Browne 
Tracts 41 Many grains are lost which come not to srouting 
or earing. 1750 W. Exuis Mod. Husbandm, Ul. i. 27 
(E. D, S.) The shoot or earing of young wheat, 

ing (ierin), sd. Naut. Also 7-9 earring. 
[?f. Ear sd.1+-1ne1; possibly however = Ear- 
RING. (See quot. 1627.)] ‘One of a number of 
small ropes employed to fasten the upper corner 
of a sail to the yard’ (Adm. Smyth). Also a¢trid. 

1626 Cart. Smitu Accid. Yng. Seamen 15 The trusses, the 

ifts, the earring, the cat harpings. 1627 — Seaman's Grant. 
v. 23 The Earing is that part of the bunt rope which at all 
the foure corners of the saile is left open as it were a ring. 
seg Fatconer Shipw, u. 153 The weather-earings and 

e lee they past. 1774 Westm. Mag. 11. 429 We're all 
Macaronies from earing to clue, 1840 R. Dana Bef 
Mast iv. 9 Our new second mate used to.. have the 
weather earin sage before there was a man upon the 
yard. ¢1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech, 19 Head earring 
strops [are] used .. For hauling out and securing the head 
earrings. /did. 45 The head earrings [are] handed up to the 
earing men on the yard, bid, 46 The first and second reef 


earrings. 
+Ea‘rish, 2. Ods. rare. [f. Ear sd.1 + -18H.] 
Auricular (confession). 

1554 Brecon Comfort. Epist. in Prayers (1844) 201 Their 
rising uj i: in popish p , in feigned contrition, 
in earish confession. 

Earl (S11) sd. Forms: 1-4 eorl, 2 erl, 3 3ierl, 
3-6 erl, (4 erldl, erld, erel, errel, 5 erell, er- 
rille), 4-6 3erl, 5-7 erle, 5 urle, 3orle, 6-7 yerle, 
earle, 9 Sc. yerl, 7- earl. See also Janu, YARL. 

OE. or] = OSax. er/ ( =sense 1b below), ON. ear, 

ter zar/, nobleman, chieftain :—OTeut. *er/o-z. 

Some scholars refer the word to the an root *ers, com- 
fein Gr. éponv, aponv male; cf, also Earnest a. and sd,4 

he ON. runic spelling evar seems however unfavourable 
to this view. The notion that ¢or7/ is a corruption of eaddor 
is wholly untenable.] P z 

+1. A man of noble rank, as distinguished from 


a ceorl, CHURL, or ordinary freeman. Only in OE. 


[f Ear v.1 + -1NG.] 
Also 


7 


2a 616 Laws of Ethelbert » 13 Gif on eorles tune man man- 
nan ofsleehp xii scillinga gebete. ax1000 Byrhtnoth 132 
Eode swa anred eorl to pam ceorle. 

+b. In OE. poetry used for: A warrior, a 
brave man, a man generally. 

Beowulf 357 Per H ar set .. mid his eorla gedriht. 
axzo00 Riddles xvii. 6 (Gr.) Ealra weron fife eorla and 
idesa, axooo Crist 546 (Gr.) Hwite cwoman eorla ead- 
giefan englas togeanes. a 1000 Czdmon’s Gen. 1844 Pa com 
ellenrof eorl sidian Abraham. : ; 

+2. In late OE.: A Danish under-king (see 
Jaxx); hence (under Cnut and his successors) the 
viceroy or governor of one of the great divisions 
of England, Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia, etc. 
(In this sense practically synonymous with the 
native title of ALDERMAN.) Ods. exc. Hist. 

c Laws of Edw. & Guthrum ? 12 Gif man zehadodne 
+. forreede .. Ponne sceal him cyng beon oppon eorl ber on 
lande..for mag and for mund boran. c 1042 Chart, Leofric 
in Cod. Dipl. IV. 72 Leofric eorl and his zebedda habbad 
geunnen twa land for Godes lufan. ax1123 O. E. Chron. 
(Laud) an, 1048 Man sette pa Odda to eorle ofer Defenascire, 
& ofer Sumerszton, etc. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. I. iii. 72 
Canute. .created Thurkill earl or duke of East Anglia. 

3. After the Norman Conquest regarded as equi- 
valent to the Lat. comes Count. 

+a. generally. Applied to all feudal nobles and 
princes bearing the Romanic title of Count; also 
fZist. to the officers called comztes under the later 
Roman empire. In ME. often used as the typical 
designation ofa great noble. Ods. (In //zst. use 
Count is now always employed in this sense.) 

cs 1175 Cott. Hont, 231 Se hlaford into par halle come, mid 
his dierewurd 3eferede, mid zrlen and aldren. a 1200 
Moral Ode 324 in Trin. Coll. Hon. 230 We mihten habben 
more .. ban 3ierles and kinges. a1300 Cursor MM, 13270 
Noght o riche kinges kin Ne of erel ban gret baron. c 1380 
Wycur Wks, (1880) 386 Dukis & erlis, barons & kny3tis. 
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 251 Rouland ma of 
pe paleys. c1 Destr, Troy 4068 Ascalaphus, a skathil 
duke..And Helminus, a hede vrle, hadyn to-gedur Thretty 
shippes. ¢1420 Chron. Vilod. 269, Duke, Errelle, and 
eke Baroun. c1440 Promp. Parv. 141 Erle, lorde, comes. 
1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E vj, The sone of an erle of that 
land. 1577 HotinsHep Chron. I. 72/2 Nectaridus one of 
the emperours house earle of the sea coast, hauing charge 
of the parties towards the sea, wasslaine. 1655 M, Carter 
Hon, Rediv. (1660) 51 We used the word Earl for gentle or 
noble. 1799 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre I. 354 Christianity. . 
wrested in France enormous possessions out of the hands of 
the Earls and Barons. 

b. spec. In England, Scotland, and Ireland, the 
title of a specific order of rank, corresponding to 
Count in the nobility of other European nations ; 
in the modern peerage an earl ranks next below 
a marquis, and next above a viscount. 

Under the Norman kings the title of earl (count) implied 
the governorship or the feudal lordship of a County; subse- 
quently the territorial designation (Earl of Derby, of Leices- 
ter) became, as in other degrees of the peerage, purely 
formal, and in some cases a surname is used instead (as 
Earl Brownlow, Earl Cowper), When a duke or a marquis 
has an earldom as his second title, this is ‘ by courtesy’ 
given to his eldest son: thus the heir of the Duke of Nor- 
thumberland is Earl Percy, of the Marquis of Winchester, 
the Earl of Wiltshire. 

a1123 O. E. Chron. an. 1101 poh pone eorl Rodbert of 
Normandie be mid unfride hider to lande fundode. 1140 
Ibid., On pis ser wolde be king Stephne taecen Rod- 
bert eorl of Gloucestre. 1297 R. Gtouc. 523 He.. bi- 
leuede the erl marschal & the erl of Chestre there. 1375 
Barsour Bruce u. 234 Twa Erlis alsua with him war. 1473 
Warkw. Chron. 1 Lord Stafforde was made Erle of Devyn- 
shire. 1536 WrioTHESLEY Chron, (1875) I. 41 Moste of the 
Kings Councell, as erles, lordes and nobles of this realme. 
1556 Chron, Gr. Friars 54 Sir John Dudley that was am- 
relle of the see was made yerle of Warwyk. 1593 SHAks. 
2 Hen. VI, tu. ii. tM on Earle of Warwick Shall one day 
make the Duke of Yorke a King. 1768 Buackstone Comm. 
I, 1, xii, 310 An earl is a title of nobility. 1816 Scorr Old 
Mort, 293 Levied an armed regiment under the Yerl of Angus. 

+4. A director, superintendent. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 382/1 Thenne the erle of the 
sacrefyses gaue moche money. 

5. Comb, + earl-right. (Only in OE. and His¢.) 

¢ 1030 Laws of Cuut in Thorpe Laws 81 Gif bezen zepeah 
pet ie weard to eorle bonne wes he sypban fo fo 
weorde, 1875 Srusss Const. Hist. I. v. 80 The..man who 
has ‘ thriven to eorl-right ’, or who has his forty hides. 

Earl, v.1 Sc. [var. of ARLE v.] To ‘fasten’ 
by earnest-money, pledge, betroth. 

¢1375? Barsour St. Agnes 26 In takine of wedinge He 
erlis aime with his rynge. ax810 Tannanitt My Mary, 
The heavenly vow I got, That earled her my own. 

+ Earl, v.2 ?nonce-wd. [?f. Earu sb.) trans. 
? To be the lord of. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 4646 Alexander, that aire * pat erles 
all be werd. 

+ Har-lage. vare—'. (See quot.) 

oe Four-f. Beasts 439 The ear-lages or ear-laps 
of a Mule, 

Earldom (s11dom). [f. Earn sd. + -pom.] The 
domain or territory governed by an earl (ods. exc. 
Hist.) ; the rank or dignity of an earl. 

a 1123 O. E. Chron, an, 1053 (Laud MS.) Feng AElfgar eorl 
to dam eorldome pe Harold zr ahte, rt . GLouc. 523 
Sir Peris de Roches .. The king 3et.. erldom of Glouces- 
tre. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Il. 85 Two and pritti 
schires .. bat now ree: i-cleped erldoms. 1495 Act 2 Hen. 


VII, xxxiii. § 2 Londes and tenementes parcelles of the 
1530 Patscr. 49 Conte, an 


seid Erledome of Marche. 


EARL MARSHAL. 


erledom. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. I//, w. ii. 93, I clayme the 
gift..Th’ Earledome of Hertford, Which you haue promised. 
1682 DryDEN Satyr 124 Others with Titles and new Earl- 
doms Caught. a 1745 Swirt Lett. (1768) IV. 317 [Henry IT] 
bequeathed that earldom [Anjou] to the second [son] in his 
last sickness. 1841 W. Spatpinc /taly § /¢. Isl. II. 118 
Robert Guiscard, about 1059, united in his own person all 
these earldoms. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I, 537 His 
marquisate became extinct ; but his son was permitted to 
inherit the ancient earldom. 1874 Daily News 17 Feb. 3/4 
The accession of Viscount St. Lawrence to the earldom of 
Howth. 

Jig. 1393 Lanei. P. PZ. C. 11, 88 The erldom of enuye and 
yre he hym grauntep. : 

Earled Z//. a. nonce-wd. Turned into an earl. 

1606 Eart NortHAmpton in Trve § Perf. Relat. Pp 3b, 
As the Prior of Duresme [wondered] of his Earled Bishop. 

Earless (iv1lés), a.) [f. Ear 50.1 + -LESS 

1, Having no ears: a. of human beings and 
animals; b. of drinking vessels, etc. (cf. Ear 
sb.1 7); @. Conch. of bivalve shells. 

1611 Cotcr., Essoreildé .. earelesse, without eares. 1 
Morse Amer. Geog. I. 105 Earless mammot [s7sspelt for 
marmot]. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 598 He was .. ear- 
less, eyeless, cheekless, noseless, andchinless. 1854 Woop- 
WARD Mollusca (1856) 261 Aucella .. left umbo prominent, 
earless. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skir?. 11. 136 Dainty little 
earless china cups. : 

2. Destitute of the sense of hearing, or of mu- 
sical ear. Also poet. of places: Where nothing 
can be heard. 

1802 Worpsw. Sou. To Toussaint [Ouv., In some deep 
dungeon’s earless den. 1865 ALEX. SmitH Swazi. Skye 1. 
180 Weary of singing his songs to the earless rocks and 
sea waves, 1876 Miss Yonce Womank. vi. 44 Just as the 
earless are given up as to music. 

Earless (i-1lés), a2 [f. Ear 5.2] Of stalks 
of corn: Destitute of ears. 

2ax400 Chester Pl., Death Abel 1, (1843) 38 Cain. Thes 
earles cornes. .offer I will to daye. 

Earlet (ivsét). [f. Ear 56.1+-Ler; in sense 1 
after BRACELET.] 

+1. An ear-ring. Ods. 

1609 Biste (Douay) Prov. xxv. 12 A golden earlet. 

2. Anything resembling a small ear. +a. An 
auricle of the heart. b. Bot, = AURICLE 2. ¢. 
? An attachment to a church bell. 

1668 CutrerreR & Core Barthol. Anat. i. vii. 107 The 
parts of the Heart. .are either externally seen, as the Earlets. 
¢1720 W. Gisson Farrier’s Guide 1. iii. (1738) 27 There 
belong also to the Heart, two Auricles or Earlets. 1865 
ur. Hugo's Hunchback w. iii.(Chapman and H.) 144 He 
seized the brazen monster by the earlets. 1883 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Earlet, an ear-like appearance produced by an in- 
dentation in the leaves of some of the foliose Hepatice. 

+ Ea‘rlierness. Oés. [f. earlier, compar. deg. 
of EARLY @.+-NESS.] The quality of being more 
early, priority. 

1674 N. Farrrax Bulk §& Selv. Cont., A Moreness of 
worlds, and Earlyerness of this world, stand upon the same 
untrusty bottom. 


+ Ea‘rlily, adv. Obs. 
At an early period or stage. 

1669 Perys Diary 4 Mar., And so I parted, with great 
content that I had so earlily seen him there. 1678 Br. 
WETENHALL Office of Preaching 742 That it [preaching] 
was earlily required of the Presbyters, we have already seen 
out of the pretended Apostolical constitutions. 1713 STEELE 
Englishman No. 46. 302, I thus earlily let go my Fire 
against the Pretender’s Friends. 

arliness (Sulinés). [f. Earty a. + -NESS.] 
The state or condition of being early; formerly 
also, promptitude, zeal. 

@1626 DonNE Serm. 245 There is a youth in our age and 
an earlinesse acceptable to God in every action. 1640 Bp. 
Hatt Efise. 1. xii. 52 Our owne Authours are .. alledged 
for the earlinesse of this Apostasie. 1682 Addr. fr. Wor- 
cester in Lond. Gaz. No. 1707/5 Our former Earliness and 
Stability in Duty, had given us the Character of the Loyal 
City of Worcester. 1820 Scott Monast. xx, That we may 
strive to-morrow, with the sun’s earliness, to wake a stag 
from his lair. 1866 Mrs. Gaskett Wives § Daz, 1. 328 No 
one objected to the earliness of his call. 

+ Earlings, sd. £/. Obs. [? f. Ear sd,1 +-11NG.] 
Possibly a transl, of Fr. ovei//ettes ‘ wires about a 
woman’s head’ (Miége 77. Déct. 1701); cf. Zar- 
wires. 

1660 Rates in Act Tonnage & Poundage 12 Chas. IT, 16 
Earlings, the Groce cont. 12 dozen, j4, 1721 C. Kine Brit. 
Merch. 1, 290 Catlings, Earlings, Outnall, Thred, Ticking, 
Copperas [in list of Imports from France]. 

arlishness (S‘1lifnés). sonce-wd. [f. EArt sd, 

+ -ISH +-NESS ; OE. had ¢or/isc (= earlish) in the 
sense ‘noble, like an earl’.] The distinctive quality 
of an earl. 

1876 M. Corus Blacksm. § Schol. 11. 120 The Earl had 
no particular earlishness about him. 

Harl Marshal. A high officer of state, 
formerly the deputy of the ConsTAaBLE as judge of 
the curia militaris or court of chivalry. The title 
was originally ‘ marshal’, but one of the holders of 
the dignity became in 1189 Earl of Pembroke, and 
it has never since been held by a person of lower 
rank than an earl. The office is now hereditary 
in the line of the Dukes of Norfolk, its functions 
being now confined to the presidency of the 
Heralds’ College and the right of appointing its 
officers, and to certain purely ceremonial duties. 


[f. Earby a. + -Ly2,] 


EARLSHIP. 8 
» The equivalent Scottish office of marischal became in Lorn Banians 62 marry about the seventh 
— hereditary in the family of Keith; in 1458 the holder — reciept ig Gree Mee ea their chil- 
the office was created an earl under the title of Earl dren disp d, which h to by these earely 
Marischal ; the last Earl Marischal was attainted in 1716. j 1705 A Italy | ), I had a very 
eS ee Oa ae Willam pe erl hal | early Amb to d my self to Your Lordship’s 
ide pulke 3er alas. Act 11 Hen, VII, xxxv. Preamb., | P: 1742 Younc Nt. 7h. v. 899 Early, not sudden, 
The. . office of Erle Marchall of this Realme. Drayton | was Narcissa’s fate. 1771 Funius Lett. xlix. 256 The duke 
Bar. Wars (R.) Being earl-marshall..welcomes was in life your Ba friend. 1780 Cowrrr 
r Enticx London IV. 27 The four pursuivants..are | Zrr. 354 Our most im are our earliest years. 
created Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 109 Henry .» whose 


the earl-marshal. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 
a Marshal of England .. orde: 
m 


on: 

Earlship (5-1fip). In OE. eorlscipe. [f. Earn 
sb. +-sutp, In sense 2 the word is of later and 
independent formation.] 

+1. Manliness, bravery ; nobility, lordship. Only 
in OE. 

Beowulf 1727 (Gr.) Eard and eorlscipe. a1000 Widsith 
37 (Gr.) No hware he ofer Offan eorl fremede. 

2. The dignity or office of an earl (Hist.). Also, 
your earlship: used as a humorous or quasi-arch. 
form of address. 

1792 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V.268 Allow me to repair 
my omission by presenting to your earlship her little high- 
ness Abenaide [ed. 1 as i has your lordship). 1828 Scotr 
F. M. Perth U1. 295, I thank your noble earlship. 1883 
H. M. Kennevy tr. Zen Brink’s E. E. Lit. 115 The forma- 
tion of the new great earlships. 

Early (511i), a. Forms: 3 earlich, 4-5 erli, 
erly, 6 yerly, 7 earely, 6- early. See the adv. 
Not found in OE., and only rarely in ME.; pro- 
bably evolved from the adv. Cf. the equivalent 
ON. drligr, which is also of rare occurrence.] 

I. Absolutely or relatively near to the beginning 


of a portion of time: opposed to /ate. 

When used with a sb. denoting a division of time, it some- 
times gives to the latter a partitive sense: thus the early 
ate early part of the spring ; the early morning = 
the early part of the morning; similarly the carly nineteenth 
century, etc. : 

1. With reference to the time of day. 

a. Belonging to the first part of the morning ; 
that exists, takes place, appears, or does something 
in the first part of the morning. Proverb, Zhe 
early bird gets the worm; hence carly bird, hu- 
morously = early riser. 

In early riser, early rising, the first word may either be 
taken as an adj., or the phrase may be treated as a com- 
bination in which the first element is the adv. (cf. wed/-doer, 
-doing). The former view seems most in accordance with 
the modern grammatical consciousness, and is supported by 
the analogy of the similar phrase in quot. 1225. 

aia2g Ancr. R. 258 His earlich ariste from dead to liue. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xxii. (1495) 360 Mane the 
erly dawnynge makyth ende of the nyght fytyll and lytyll. 
c1450 Sir Benes (MS. M.) 1929 Beuys sayde : ‘ Yet is it but 
erly day!’ 1 Suaxs. Rich. ///, v. iii. 209 The early 
Village Cock Hath twice done salutation to the Morne. 
161 Biste Hosea vi. 4 Your goodnesse is as a morning 
cloud, and as the early dewit goeth away. ¢ 1645 HoweLi 
Lett. 11. xiv, He that hath once got the fame of an 
early riser, may sleep till noon. 1667 Mitton P. Z. tv. 
642 Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet, With 
charm of earliest Birds. 1785 Cowper 7?roc. 765 Where 
early rest makes early — sure, 1808 Vi Bartow 
Columb. 1. 356 Whose watchful priest would meet, with 
matin blaze, His earlier God. 1833 R. Hooa Let. in Lock- 
hart Scott (1839) IX. 111 He asked me if I was an early 
riser. 1866 Arad, Nts. 487 It was time to get up for early 
prayers before sunrise. : 

b. Relatively near to the beginning of the day 
(or night). Of events or actions: Taking place at 
an hour relatively not far advanced, or before the 
usual hour. Smad/-and-early : applied in recent 
use to evening parties ; colloq. also as quasi-sd. 

x Bartiett Dict. Amer., The meeting will begin 
at early candle-light. Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. xi. 83 
Mrs. Podsnap added a small and early evening to the dinner. 

c. To keep early hours: to rise and retire early. 
Early habits: habits of keeping early hours. Hence 
colloq. the adj. is applied to persons. 

r ICHARDSON Grandison V, xvii. 114 Early hours .. 
and ease, without hurry, will do every thing. 1781 Cowper 
Retirem, 429 What early philosophic hours he keeps. Mod. 
They are early people, and seldom go out in the evening. 

+d. adsol. = Early morning, early hour. Ods, 
ie Wyeuir Ecclus, xviii. 26 Fro erli vnto euen the tyme 
shal ben chaunged. 1604 Saks. Of%. u. iii. 7 To morrow 
with your earliest, Let me haue speech with you. 

2. Relatively near to the beginning of the year. 
Of things or events: Appearing or occurring rela- 
tively soon in the year; esp. of plants with re- 
gard to their time of bearing flowers or fruit. 

1526 TinpALE Y¥ames y. 7 Untill he receave the yerly and 
the latter rayne. 1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1. iii. 38 In an 
early Spring, We see th’ appearing buds, which to proue 
fruite, Fs not so much warrant. 1632 Mitton 
L' Allegro the earlier season lead. 1664 Evetyn Kad. 
Hort. (1729) 192 Fruits and Flowers, are more early or tardy 
=. according as the Soil and Situation are ualify’d by 
Nature or Accident. 1697 Drypen rp / . 1. 67 
Ev’n in this early Dawning of the Year. 1W. 
= Sere, sere was ev'ry earlier rose, 1861 Miss 
Pratr Hlower. Pl. V. 204 Earl Purple Orchis. 

3. With reference to a lifetime. 

a. Pertaining to or connected with childhood 
or youth. b, Relatively near to the beginning of 
a lifetime or career. Taneationes contextually = 
premature, too early.) 


rs all great cere- 


: Jowerr Pilato (ed. 2) V. 36 The man 
who is to be ag ay must have early training. 
for: $ 


early stomachs. 

4. Belonging or relating to the initial stage of 
a historical epoch, of the history of a people, of 
the world, of a science, etc.; ancient. So early 
history, early records. 

There are no 
Lins Passions 


b. Archit. Early English: 
monly applied to the period of English architec- 
ture succeeding the so-called ‘Norman’, and usu- 
ally described as extending from A.D. 1175 to 1275; 
also the style characteristic of that period ; also 
called Early Pointed, First Pointed. 

1851 Ruskin Stones Ven, 1. 106 The Early English 
capital is, therefore, a barbarism of triple grossness. fet | 
Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. 1. 123 e round mould 
capital is characteristic of the English Early Pointed. /did. 
138 The Early Pointed style was from 1175 to 1275. 

5. generally. Connected with the initial part of 
any division of time, any continuous action, etc. ; 
also, anterior in comparison with something else ; 
timely, done or taking place without delay, or 
before it is too late. In compar. and superl. = 
former, foremost (in time). 

1767 Goocn Wounds 1. 191 This consideration shou'd en- 

age our earliest and closest attention to the rules. 1791 
Bace App. Whigs Wks. V1. 9 Made men remiss in early pre- 
caution. Pn bol Yoan of Arc 1x. 303 Fear not for Bur- 
gundy !..Our earliest scouts Shall tell his homeward march, 
1814 Scott Ld. of /sles vi. iii, Bruce's earliest cares restore 
That speechless page to Arran’s shore. 1882 Pesopy Eng. 
Journalism xxi. 153 The early part of this century. 

b. Of future dates and events: Not remote, near 
at hand. 

1857 Livincstone 7rav. Introd. 8 There being no pros- 

ct of an early peace. Mod. An early date has been fixed 
‘or the ceremony. Please reply at your earliest convenience. 

II. 6. With reference to serial order : Occupy- 
ing a position near the beginning. 

1707 Lond. Gas. No. 4333/8 They will Advance Money 

n early Tallies. ‘Mod. e early chapters of the book. 
The early prime numbers. 

Early (511i), adv. Forms: 1 Northumd. &rilice, 
frlice, 2-4 erliche, 3 earliche, 4 erlike, erli, 
erely, eerly, arliche, orly, Sv. airlie, 3-4 arli, 
4-5 erly, 5 3erlyche, yerely, worth. 4-5 areli, 
-ly, 4-6 Sc. ar-, ayr-, airly, 5 Sc. yarly, 6 yerle, 
6-7 earely, 6- early. [OE. driice (=ON. driiga) 
f. *dr (=ON. dr) positive deg. of # Ere+-/ice 
-LyY2, The ME. forms with o descend directly 
from this; the OE. var, #r/ice (with umlaut or 
assimilation to #) gave rise to arli, erli (whence 
the mod form). 

I. Near the beginning of a period of time. 

1. With reference to the time of day. 

a. In the first part of the morning. 

950 Lindisf. Gosp. John viii. 2 And wrlice [¢ Rushw, 
arlice) zeftersona cuom in temple. ¢ 1200 Trin, Coll. Hom. 
13 Erliche rise, and gernliche seche chireche. a 12ag5 Ancr. 

- 20 Si: .. prime ibe winter erliche. a 1300 Cursor M. 
2817 Bot arli [x340 Fairf, erly), ar men well t see, 

+ poe loth do him c1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 
chi 


He suld a a palmere orly at morn. 1375 Barsour Bruce 
54 For to riss 


EAR-MARK. 
ir Laziness. Tennyson 
to dear, seh J. Hawwmouse & eters 


ne eearmaiier . 

Mag. eb. 433/2 You must get up early to get the better of 
" the beginning of the day 
'. near to 

(or night); at an hour not far advanced. 


oF aie Mi Loy 
ha papers nm mpemy bitter day that early sank 


e. Early and late: at all hours, continuously, 
irg. (BM 


1590 Pasquil’s Afpol, 1. 

conuersation among them .. was.. all manner 
seasons, earely, and late. (1621 Quartes Esther (1717) 

28 Prayr .. finds admittance, whether earl’ or late.] 176 
Gotpsm. Vic. W. xx, I was up early and late. 

2. Relatively near to the beginning of the year. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 421 An Early. it. 1664 
Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 191 Early-set Anemonies., 1795 
Burke 7%. on pg s. VII. 406 All the early sown 
grain at Mod. Some of the species flower 
very early. 

3. With reference to a lifetime. 

a. In childhood or youth. b, At a time rela- 
tively near to the st of a lifetime or 
career. (Sometimes contextually = too early, pre- 
geroney 54 

eg. Kath. 116 Hire fader hefde iset hire earliche 

to lare. c1340 Cursor M. (Edinb, MS.) 23046 Pat. .arlik to 
god paim tok, 1612-15 Br. Hatt —— O. T, xu. iv, 
1 began his with God . 1697 DRYDEN 

Virg. Georg. 1. 265 Early begin the stu Child to 
bi 1767 Forpyce Serm. Yung. Wom. 11. xii. 200 She lost 


of virtue are early planted. 18: 
xiv, 105 The po cory history of the family. 1871 MorLey 
Voltaire (1886) 107 Voltaire perceived i 

to be needy was to be dependent. 

4. At ornear the beginning of a historical epoch, 
of the history of the nation, the world, a science, 
etc. ; far back in date, ae 

©1340 Cursor M. goox (Fairfax MS.), Allas arly [v. ». arli, 
erly} fis ile be-gan. Pat adam pat was formast man..was 
begiled porou a wife. Sir ‘IT. Browne Hydriot. 
ii. 7 The Romans themselves were early in no small 
numbers. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 312 The 
Americans early found out its useful qualities. 1848 Ma- 
cauLay Hist. Eng. 1. 317 As as the reign of Elizabeth. 

5. generally. In the initial part of any division 
of time, any continuous action, etc. Also, at a 
time anterior with res; to something else; in 
good time, without delay, before it is too late. - 

1655 Mitton Sonn. ‘ Avenge, O Lord’ 14 That from these 


Alex. i. Oe erg tome ee 1807 T. 


Writ, (1830) IV. 71 Hev: 
western country was not tobeshaken. 1857 Buckie Civilis. 
I. vii. 456 This great and salutary reaction began early in 
the present century. 1863 H. Cox /ms##t. 1. vi. 41 A Parlia- 
ment .. may .. be convened earlier for di: of business. 
1872 RaymMonp Mines 200 Early in December the weather be- 
comes too cold and stormy. 

II. 6. Referring to serial order. Near the be- 


ginning of the series. 
fod. His name very early in the list, 
+ Ea'rman. Obs. rare. In 3 hearman. [ 
stem of Ear v.14+Mayn.] A cultivator. 
fae See ee ee 


earste hearmen. 

Ea‘r-mark, s/. [f. Ear sd.1+ Mark sé.] 

1, A mark in the ear of a sheep or other animal, 
Or ee ae Se that the sheep] be 
1" itzners. Hush, § 52 they [i a) } 


> 


Brand Mark. 1725 Brapiey Fam. Dict. 
Some mark them Raddle and make Ear 
2. transf. and fig. A ‘ stamp’, mark of owner- 


a a 


7. = Be 


EARN. 


76, I will heere let them passe as eare-markt slaues of Sa- 
than. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 4 It is a goode way to 
earemarke lambes as they fall. 1882 Standard 2 Jan. 5 
The troubles which an ear-marked cheque avoids. 1882 
Monracue Wituams Def. Dr. Lamson in Times 14 Mar., 
Why did the prisoner go down to Wimbledon and earmark 
his visit by, etc. d 

+2. (nonce-use.) To mark a person by cutting 
his ears (in the pillory). 

1660 S. Fisner Rusticks Alarm Wks, (1679) 125 The 
Practice of. .pilloring, gagging, Ear-marking, Noseslitting. 

+ Earn, sb. Obs. rare. [OE. ern = (by meta- 
thesis) ON. vann, Goth. raz :—OTent. *razno(m ; 
cogn. with Rest. The OE. word is chiefly found 
in compounds, as dere-ern, hordern; see quots. 
under Bary, SALTERN.] A place, dwelling, hut. 

axo00 Laws of Jne 57 (Bosw.) Birep into his zrne. 1664 
Floddan F. iii. 25 Who had been shroud in shepherds earn. 

Earn (5), v.1 Forms: a. 1 earnian, 2-4 
ernie(n, erne(n, 5 arne, 6-7 earne, 7- earn. 
8. I zeearnian, 2 3earnien, iarnien, iernien, 
6 3arn, yerne, yearne, yarn, (9 dia/. yearn, 
yarn). [OE. earnian, ze-earnian, repr. an OTeut. 
type *azndjan, f. *aznd (ON. pun) labour, properly 
field-labour, connected with Goth. asans, OHG. 
aran (whence MHG. erne, mod.G, ernte) harvest, 
Goth. asneis, OHG. esnz hired labourer, OE. 
esne serf, labourer, man, The primary sense is 
therefore ‘ to obtain as the reward of labour’. The 
OE. earnian corresponds in meaning with OHG. 
arnén, but in form with OHG. arnén, which derives 
its sense ‘to reap’ independently from the sb. 

The ME. forms with initial 3 or y may in some cases 
descend from OE. ge-earnian ; the mod. dial. forms with y 
prob. represent the simple vb. ; cf. yerth, yale for earth, 
ale (OE. ealo). . 

1. trans. To render an equivalent in labour or 
service for (wages); hence, to obtain or deserve 
(money, praise, any advantage) as the reward of 
labour. In early use in wider sense: To de- 
serve ; to obtain as a recompense. (In OE. the 
simple vb. governs the genit. case, the compound 

ge-earnian the accusative.) 

¢888 K, AELrrep Boeth. in Sweet Ags. Reader (ed. 5) ix. 
47 Wuton agifan deem esne [Orpheus] his wif, for dem he hi 

geearnad mid his hearpunga. azo0o Guthlac 767 
(Gr.) Sodfestra saula..earniad on eordan ecan lifes. a 1175 
Cott. Hom. 223 Pat hi sceoldan mid edmodnisse & mid her- 
samnisse 3earnie ba wuniunge on hefe rice. c1175 Lamd, 
Hom. 93 Pet Seo edmode isomnunge iernade et gode, bet mu- 
chel er ic engles..forluren, a1gz9 SKELTON Vox Populi i. 
339 Yoke man. .trewly his goodes to yerne. 1529 LynpFsay 
Complaynt 50 Lang seruyce jarnis ay rewaird. 1591 NASHE 
Prognost. 23 Many shall drinke more than they can yearne. 
1687 Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 107 There was earned in 
four years..the summe of four Millions. 1771 Yunius Lett. 
liv. 286 These praises.. have been dearly earned. 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Loom § Luge. 1. i. 8 Do they all earn wages? 
1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour 1. 359, ‘I must.. yearn my own 
living.’ 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. I. 1. 1, xv. § 11 The 
effort of men to earn, rather than to receive, their salvation. 
1863 Barry Dockyard Econ. 147 Go into any private work- 
shop where old men are earning as much as young men, 
and you will find that they ave earning it. 

b. Of qualities or actions: To procure as a 
direct consequence (a name, reputation, etc.) for a 

Tson, 

1596 Spenser F, Q. vi. 1. 40 The which shal nought to you 
but foule dishonor yearne. pei Green Short Hist. iii. § 7 
(1882) 148 The stern justice of his rule earned the hatred of 
the disorderly baronage. od. His eccentricities had 
earned for him the nickname of ‘ The Madman’. 

e. Of money invested; also of an implement, 
etc.: To be the means of producing (an income 
or money return). 

1887 Times (weekly ed.) 30 Sept. 1/4 The line.. would 
earn at least four per cent. 

+d. intr. To do work for (a reward or result). 

1589 Warner Alb, Eng. vi. xxx. (1612) 148 Now Mars.. 
Anchises and Adonis .. May earne for bal for Vulcan 
shall be parent at their birth. 

+2. absol. To deserve well or ill, Obs. [cf. L. 
bene mereri. 

961 Eanciru Charter in Sweet Ags. Reader (ed. 5) 55 Heo 
ne dorste..hem swa leanian swa he hire to zeearnud hefde. 
1622 Dekker, etc. Virgin Mart. w. i. Wks. 1873 IV. 59 A 
Oompa of Roman gold With Czsar’s stamp, such as he sends 

is captains When in the wars they earn well. 

3. (cf. OHG. arnén to reap.] To glean. dial. 

1876 Mid. Vorksh. Gloss. (E. D. S.). . 

Hence Earned Z//. a., purchased by an equivalent 
in labour; esp. in phrases well-earned, hardly- 
earned. Barner, one who or that which earns. 

1612 RowLanps Knaue of Harts 23 Make my hands 
the earners of my meate. 1614 CorNnwALtis in Gutch Co/Z. 
Cur. 1. 162 Nor make him so dear an earner of our monies. 
1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. III. 75 The well earned pro- 
motion. 1885 Pad? Mall G. 10 Feb. 11/2 Unearned incomes 
should be taxed before earned incomes. 1886 Manch. 
Exam. 3 Nov. 5/5 The wives of wage earners. 

+ Earn, v.2 Ods. exc. dial. [app. identical with 
ME. erne (repr. both OE, zevnan, metathetic var. 
of vinnan, Run, and the causative ernan =ren- 
nan): in OE. the prefix-vbs. ge-rinnan, ze-rennan, 
occur in the senses ‘curdle, cause to curdle’; the 
pple. geurnen ‘curdled’ is found in Leechdoms 

ou, III, 


9 


II. 230, 272, III. 278.] zxtr. Tocurdle. Also ¢rans. 
To curdle (milk), esp. for making into cheese. 

1674 Ray N.C. Wds. 16 To Earn, to run as cheese doth 
«-Var. Dial. 1724 Ramsay 7ea-7. Misc. (1733) 1. 86 The 
kirns to kirn and milk to earn. 1769 Mrs. Karen Eng. 
Housekpr. (1778) 250 When it [new milk] is a, to boil 
put in a quart of good cream, earn it. 1877 E, Peacock 
N.-W, Linc. Gloss. (E. D. S.) Earn, to curdle with rennet. 

+ Earn, v.2 Ods. Forms: (?1 eornian), 6 
erne, earne, 7 earn. [app. a var. of YEARN:— 
OE. geornian; cf. dial. ear for year. All the 
senses of the present word, exc. 3, also belong to 
the form YEarn. The OE. ecornéan to murmur 
(Bosw.-T. in pres. pple. eornizende), cornfulnes 
solicitude, cornice diligently (Leechdoms 1. 199), 
seem to show that the two forms go back to an 
early period; see Sievers Ags. Gram. (ed. 2) §212. 

Prof. Skeat (s.v. YEARN) considers that ear, yearn to 
grieve (sense 2 below)are of distinct origin from earn, yearn 
in the sense to desire. He regards the former as a corrup- 
tion of ME. Erme. But the development of sense from 
‘desire’ to ‘sorrow’ presents no serious difficulty ; and there 
is no clear evidence of confusion between the two words.] 

1. intr. To desire strongly, to long. Also, Zo 
carn it. (?refl.) 

1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal, Mar. 76 My courage earnd it 
toawake. 1596 — /.Q.1.i. 3 His hart did earne To proue 
his puissance. ; ; ; 

. To be affected with poignant grief or com- 
passion ; also impers. 7¢ earns me. 

1599 SHaks. Hen. V, u. iii. 3 My manly heart doth erne 
..for Falstaffe hee is dead, and wee must erne therefore. 
1601 — Ful. C. 11. ii. 129 That every like is not the same.. 
the heart of Brutus earnes to think upon. 1614 B. Jonson 
Barth. Fair w. vi, Alas poore wretch! how it earnes my 
heart for him! 165r P. Sterry England's Deliverance 
(1652) 26, I do..with bowels tenderly Earning, warn and 
intreat, etc. 

3. ? To tremble. vave—°. 

1611 Corar., Fissonner, to tremble, quake, shrug, shiuer, 
didder, shudder, earne, through cold or feare. 

4. Of hounds, deer, etc.: To utter a prolonged 
cry. See Earnine v0/. sb.2 2. 

t+ Earn, adv. Obs. rare. [app. ME. eorne, OE. 
georne eagerly, anxiously; cf. Earn v.38] Earn- 
estly, longingly. 

1230 Ancr. R. 44 Cried him eorne merci & forgiue- 
nesse. 1656 Trapp Cov. Matt. vii.11 Who doubts but 
they prayed earnand earnestly, when they were in Bocardo. 

arn, var. form of ERrN#, eagle. 

Ea‘rn-bleater, -bliter. ¢a/. [Derivation 
unknown; this and OE. heferdléte, haefenblite, 
name of some bird, ‘ bicoca, bugium’, prov. Eng. 
hammerbleat snipe, may possibly be various cor- 
tuptions of the same word.] 

“A Scotch name for the snipe.’ (Jamieson. ) 

1768 Ross Helenare 58 (Jam.) The earn-bleater or the 
muirfowl’s craw, Was like to melt her very heart awa. 

Earnest (Snést), sd.1 Forms: 1 eornust, 
-ost, -est, 3 eornest, 3orneste, 3-5 erneste, 3-6 
ernest, 5 erneyst, 4-6 ernes, 6 earnes, 6- 
earnest. [OE. eornust fem. = OHG. ernust fem., 
neut.. MHG. ernest, mod.G. ernst masc., MDu. 
ernst, aernst (of similar meaning):—OTeut. *e7- 
nustt, perth. f. root *ers, found also in ERRE (obs.) 
anger. A different ablaut form of the same root, 
with similar suffix, appears to exist in OE. ornest 
wager of battle, ON. ovvosta, late OE. orrest battle. 

The form evves may possibly represent a distinct word:— 
OE. geornes, (7eornnes) eagerness, strength of desire; cf. 
Earn v5; it was however in rsth c. completely identified 
with the present word.) 

+1. Ardour in battle; in wider sense, intense 
passion or desire. Ods. 

c 1205 Lay. 16480 Per wes fehte swipe stor, eornest ful 
sturne. _cx2go /éid. 16468 To fihte mid folle 3orneste. 
1297 R. Grouc. (1810) r2t Vortimer with gret power and 
god ernest ynow. c1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1285 The hote 
ernest [v.7, hervest] is al overblowe. cr Rom, Rose 
4840 And whanne they han her lust geten The hoote ernes 
they al foryeten. . - 5 

2. Seriousness, serious intention, as opposed to 
jest or play ; esp. in phrase zz (+/or) earnest, in 
good (sober, sad) earnest. In OE. on eornest means 
‘earnestly’, also ‘in reality’, In mod. use Zo de 
in earnest, applied to persons, has sometimes an 
emphatic sense = to be earnest, 

cx000 Wutrstan Addr. to English in Sweet Ags. Reader 
(ed. 5) 1xx Gif we on eornost znize scame cudan. c12g0 Gen. 
& Ex. 411 Adam is to eue cumen, More for erneste dan for 
oe. a 1340 Hampote Psalter v. 6 Til perfite man it 

falles not to — nouper in ernest ne in gamen. 1430 
Lyne. Chron. Troy 1. v And this contek in ernes and in 

ne Departed was betwixt love and shame. /did. 1. vi, 

t is an ernest and no game. ¢ Promp. Parv. 14/2 
Arneste or erneste, seryowste. pes ol 
Aymon # Is it erneste that ye speke? ¢ 3835 Dewes 
Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 91 In earnes, a certes, For earnes, 
Dour certes, Of earnes, de certes. 170 Marriage Wit & Sc. 
Iv. icin Hazl. Dods/ey 11. 362 But in good earnest, madam, 
speak—off or on? 1636 RutHEerForD Left. Ixxv. (1862) 
I. 193, It were good to be beginning in sad earnest to 
find out God. 1645 Mitton Colast. Wks. (1851) 373, I 
deal not now with this caitiff, never worth my earnest, and 
now not seasonable for my jest. 1729 Br. Butter Sevm., 
Self-Deceit 475 It never in earnest comes into their thoughts. 
1745 Westey Answ. Ch. 15, I am in great Earnest when I 


Caxton Sonnes of 


EARNEST. 


declare once more, that I have a deep conviction. 1885 
Prescott Philip 1T, 11. vi. (1857) 102 It was no feint, but 
a surprise meditated in good earnest. 1875 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) I. 207 Are you in jest or in real earnest? 

+b. ME. phrase: Zrte(2 ¢o ernest: to con- 
duct to a serious result ; evte(2 in ernest: to bring 
seriously to pass. [Cf. OHG. wnart giuuentit in 
guota ernust ‘factus est in agonia’ Graff.] 

c1400 Destr. Troy 2942 Ertes ay to euyll ende & ernyst 
by the last. /¢d. 11634 For ertyng his exile in ernest. 

Earnest (d-anést), 56.2 Forms: 3 dat. or acc. 
ernesse, 4 ernes, eernes, 5 ernys, 5-6 ernest, (5 
arneste), 6- earnest. [Of obscure etymology : 
presumably connected with the synonymous e7/es 
(see ARLES), Erres (a, OFr, evres pl.) ; possibly 
it was altered from these after the analogy of de- 
rivatives in -NESS. 

The alleged OF. ernes, frequently given as the etymon, 
is spurious (Prof. Paul Meyer); the Welsh eves is borrowed 
from Eng. At an early period app. confused with Earnest 
sd.!, the notion being that an ‘earnest’ was so called as 
showing that a bargain was made ‘in earnest ’.] 

1. Money, or a sum of money, paid as an instal- 
ment, esp. for the purpose of securing a bargain or 
contract. Also fig. A foretaste, instalment, pledge, 
of anything afterwards to be received in greater 
abundance. + Phrase, Ov (in, for) carnest: by 
way of earnest, as an instalment or foretaste. 

The lit. sense is now nearly confined to law-books, and 
the fig. use, which retains its currency chiefly on account 
of its occurrence in the Bible, has almost ceased to be con- 
sciously metaphorical. 

a122§ Fuliana 17 Nu pu schalt on alre earst as on ernesse 
swa beon ibeaten wid bittere besmen. 1380 Wycuir Se?. 
Wks, I, 142 Crist toke ernes here in bis world. /éid. III. 
61 He hadde answere of God, bat was eernes herto. 1424 R. 
Fiore in £, £. Wills (1882) 59, I haue paied him a noble on 
ernest. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 14/2 Arneste or hanselle [or 
ernest 77, P., ansal A.J. 1463 Mann. §& Housch. Exp. 157 
Item, my mastyr payd to hym in ernest that schuld make my 
ladys cloke, iijs. ilijd@. 1499 Nottingham Borough Rec. MS. 
1378. 5 Reseyved of ernys tijd. 1509 Barciay Siyp of Folys 
(1874) II. 115 Thy ernest is layde, the bargen must abyde. 
It may nat be broke. 1581 Marpeck Bk. of Notes 685 
As ye see, .. after all bargaines, there is a signe thereof 
made, eyther clapping of hands..or giving some earnest. 
161r SHAKs. Cymd. 1. v. 65 It is an earnest of a farther 
good. 1633 T. Apams £2. 2 Peter iv. 11 An earnest 
seals the bargain. x1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 432 P 12 The 
Earnest given me of something further intended in my 
Favour. 1800 A. Appison Reforts 133 Plaintiff paid a 
guinea earnest. 1814 Worpsw. Excursion 1, The primrose 
flower Peeped forth, to give an earnest of the Spring. a1830 
Mackintosu More Wks. 1846 I. 397 The enthusiastic ad- 
miration with which the superior few feel an earnest of their 
own higher powers. 1845 STEPHEN Laws Eng. II. 69 If 
such portion be accepted by way of earnest. 1850 TENNYSON 
Jn Mem. xcvii, The days she never can forget Are earnest 
that he loves her yet. 

b. Comb., cearnest-money, -giver, EARNEST-PENNY. 

1557 in Turner Records of Oxford 266 The ernyst money 
of the towne rents. 1616 Sir R. Boye in Lismore Papers 
(1886) I. 136, I delivered to..Cap". W™. Hull xx!i ster: as 
earnest money to buy casks for ffumadoes. 1698 VANBRUGH 
Prov, Wife 1. i, I’m none of your earnest-givers. 1826 
Kent Comm. Amer. Law (1873) 11. xxxix. 494 If, there- 
fore, earnest money be given..the contract is binding. 

+2. Cant. (See quot.) Obs. 

1673 R. Heap Canting Acad. 37 Tip me my Earnest, 
Give me my Share or Divident. 1725 New Cant. Dict. 

+ Earnest, 50.3 Os. ? Mistake for OE. ornest 
single combat ; the ground for the concluding state- 


ment in the quot. is unknown. 

x LAMBARDE Ach, (1635) 44 If a French man doe ap- 
peale an English man of .. murder, the French man may 
defend himselfe by Battaile, which was then termed in 
English, Ernest ; a word that we keep yet, saying, when 
wee see a man fight, hee is an Ernest. 

Earnest (Snést), a. Forms: 1 eorneste, 3, 
6 ernest, (3 ernexst), 5 ernyst (?7 earst), 6- 
earnest. [OE. corneste, f. EARNEST 56,1; in ME. 
no unequivocal examples have been found ; perh. 
the word died out in OE., and was afterwards 
developed afresh from the attrib. use of the sb.] 

1. Of persons: Serious, as opposed to trifling ; 
usually in emphatic sense, intensely serious, gravely 
impassioned, in any purpose, feeling, conviction, 
or action; sincerely zealous. Of feelings, convic- 
tions, etc.: Intense, ardent. Of actions or words: 
Proceeding from or implying intensity of feeling 
or conviction. ; 

In mod. use the word tends to exclude the notion of un- 
governed or violent feeling, which in some earlier examples 
1s prominent; cf. quot. a under EARNESTNESS. 

cxro00 AitFric Hom. (Thorpe) I. 386 Mid eornestum 
mode. «@ 1300 Cursor M. 26351 Clene and reuful ..sted- 
fast, ernexst, willi [? read ernest-willi]. c Destr. Troy 
2713 The ernyst speche .. of Elinus the Bysshop. 15.. 
R. Waves usty Fuv. in Hazl. Dodsley 11. 99 Of an 
earnest professor of Christs Gospel Thou madest me an 
hypocrite. 1563 Man tr. Musculus’ Common Pil. 3720, 
Anye earnest or curiouse search thereof. 1581 SAvite 
Tacitus’ Agricola (1622) 186 Being yoong hee had addicted 
himselfe to the study of philosophie in earnester sort, 159% 
Suaks. 2 Hen. VJ, m. ii. 316 My tongue should stumble 
in mine earnest words. 1593 Hooker £cc/. Pod. 1. i. (1611) 
54 An earnest longing desire to see things brought to a 

able end. 1594 SHaxs. Rich. I//, 1. iii. 87, I. .haue 

An earnest aduocate to plead for him. 1611 Brste 
Hebr, ii. 1 We ought to giue the more earnest heede. 


1628 EarLe eaten ermine Flatterer, His may seem 
but the earnester commendation. on Witch 


Seas Be se IV. ee ES I not turn from it, if 
you be earst Six, a6 BLavw 


W. Montacve Lett. — 
xxxvii. 141 The gi ane mi: Mead Sh of Wom ogo What 
of everythin; THEY Trium, ‘Om. 2 
though her brieate tn earnest terror rh Se all their host of 
Gods toaid? 1830 D’Israeu Charles A III. vi. 114 There 
was a good deal of earnest impet: in his temper . 1841-4 
Emerson Ess, Sel/-Reliance Wks. ( ) 1. 26 Ar history 
resolves a = the rey of a few stout and es 
persons. 0. 217. 183 | To Lo Renee 
owe the gubstiation ‘of the word ‘earnest’ for Sciulor 
‘serious’. 1860 TyNDALL G/ac. 1. § 22. 160 To say one 
eaeneat weed in ecemerion with thie sacent. 


b. Const. for, or inf. Somewhat rare. 
¢1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) bg 
The presbyterian faction were earnest to have the army dis- 


banded. 1676 Tempce Let. in Wks. 1 yeaa 420 The Swede 
is earnest for a Peace. 1853 Arad. Nts. 377 Saony, .. was 
earnest with the King to ay the signal to the execu- 
tioner. 1855 Prescotr Philip //, 1. 1. v. 61 Caraffa [was] 
earnest to introduce the Sen sy 

ec. transf. 

1843 CartyLe Past & Pr. (1858) 166 For the Earth, I say, 
is an earnest place. 18.. Loncr. Psalm of Life, Life 
is real, life is earnest. 1851 CartyLe Sterling, The Bible, 
most earnest of books. : 

d. Comb. earnest-hearted, -mild adjs. 

1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems Il. , If a little maid, .. 
Should sigh within it, earnest-mild, This reed will answer 
evermore. 1860 Sat. Kev. IX. 53/2 A thoroughly good 
and earnest-hearted man. 

+2. Of animals: Excited. Ods. rare. 

1609 C. Butter Fem. Mon, i. (1623) Cij, If they [bees] 
be so earnest that you fear stinging your hands. 

3. Of things: Demanding serious consideration ; 
weighty, important. 

1544 AscHam Toxoph. (Arb.) 26 We ciersig: have more 
ernest and weightie matters in ls RICHARDSON 
Grandison (1781) 1. xxv. 180 Sir Charles be earnest busi- 
ness in town. 

+ Earnest, adv. Obs. (OE. had eornoste adv., 
perh. instrum. case of cornost, Earnest sd.!, or f. 
the adj.; the later word is merely an advbl. use 
of the adj.] = EARNESTLY. 

1629 J. Cote Of Death 44 The lesse the bodily members 
are occupied, the more earnester hee withdrawes himselfe 
to his cogitations. 1709 Stryre Ann. Ref. I. xlvii. 516 Had 
not profited with thar Queen, so earnest was she bent against 
the Duke of Chastelherault. 1791 Cowper /liad 1. 453 
Earnest they sued for an auxiliar band. 


+ Earnest, v.! Ods. rare. ig Earnest 56.1 or a.] 
trans. a. To use in earnest. To render earnest. 

1602 Pastor Fido Ej (N.) Let's prove among ourselves 
our armes in jest, That when we ee to earnest them with 
men, We may them better use. 603 Frorio Montai; 
Il. Vili. (1632) 519 The study and vid ding on bookes, is a 
languishing and weake kinde of motion, and which heateth 
or earnesteth nothing. 

+ Earnest, v.2 Ods. Also 5 ernest. [f. the 
adj.) _ To secure by giving or taking earnest. 

1447 Bokennam Seyntys (1835! 120A nothir lovere.. Wyth 
the ryng of hys feyth hath ernestyd me. 1630 Lorp Banians 
Introd., I was willing to earnest his love to mee by this in- 
junction. 1695 J. St. N. Widow's Mite 28 Election made 
sure, confirmed, sealed, witnessed, earnested by the peculiar 

Spirit of Adoption. 
+ Earrnestful. o/s. [f. Earnest s4.1+-rvu.] 


1. Important ; = Earnest a. 3. 

©1386 CHaucER Clerkes T. 1175 Lat us stynte of ernestful 
matere, 1534 Wuittinton 7udlyes Offices 1. (1540) 60 If so 
be of seryous and ernestfull maters, let hym vse grauytie. 

2. = Earyesta.1. Also as quasi-adv. 

1430 A. B.C. Aristotle in Babees Bk. ppb E toelenge, 
ne to lent, ne to ful neiper. BELLENDEN 
Livy 1. (x82a) 7 _ the king wes bel in this man 
maist cornletfalt Davinson Answ. comet * in Misc. 


| had Soc. (1844) 186 Lordship’s earnestfull and godly 
lesyre. 
Hence + Ea‘rnestfully adv. 


1375 Barsour Bruce vi. 144 He ansuerd ernystfully. 

Earnestly (Sméstli), adv. [f. Earnest a. + 
-LY2.] In an earnest manner; in a manner indi- 
cating earnestness. (In OE.: In truth, in reality; 
also in the Gospels transl. ergo, ttague, Vulg.) 


10 

(&- on -ongl ). ff. Earnest a. + 

—- The state or of earnest. 
ate Norton cite erg Iv. ng They must 
with all care, oe a 1670 
 pomeey he 158 Never expr -but 
an humble Gravity sutable to the . rae er 
Lett. (1788) 11. vee ones TD ice think 
with earnestness even of ya Elia (1860) 

earnestness of a 


1 Sa 7 ih tl he health 
be —_ ae bamaceen Serm. Ser. 1. ii. ~ 
Earnestness; that is, sincerity of purpose. 1848 W. i. 
Kewty tr. Z. Blancs Hist. en Y. 11. 581 The discussion 
bang gy warmth on one side, and grave earnestness on 

+ Ea‘rnest-pe:nny. Ods. [f. Earnest sd.2 + 
Penyy.] A small sum of money (prob. orig. a 
literal penny) paid as earnest to secure a bargain ; 


cf. bargain-penny, fastening-penny. 

1508 Nottingham Borough Rec. MS. 1383. 10 Recepit .. 
unum denarium enti ut pro an tgeol ae X 
Hutoet, Bynde iff an earnest pr obero, Epen 
Let. in 1st Eng. Bhs. Amer. (Ar Pref ref. 43/2, x: thereof 
to be lotted to me for an earnest penye to begynne the 
booke. 1629 W. Cowrer Heaven, S, co 119 It is customable 
to men to giue an earnest penny in buying and selling. 1760 
a5 fe Dict. (1820) 10 Arrha, an earnest-penny. 

Sg. (In 16th and 17th c. Bag in religious use.) 

15 INDALE — of Lord 19 That assured saving 
health and earnest- of everlasting life. 1 R. Ep- 
warps Damon & azl, cong: 3 V. 59 Then for an 
earnest-penny take this blow. 1579 Tomson SCalvin's Serm. 
Tim. 927/2 Y° spirite of God .. 1s the earnest peny of our 
adoption. 1662 J. CHANDLER Van Helmont's Oriat. 281, 
I offered them an earnest-penny, to take me along with them 
as acompanion and witnesse. 1676 Wycnertey P/. Dealer 


1v. ii, Presents from me .. the earnest-pence for our love- 
bargain. 
Earnesty. Ovs. rare. Also 6 yrnesty. 


[f. Earnest a,+-tTy.] Earnestness. 

1572 Asp. PARKER Corr. (1853) 419 With some earnesty to 
prefer his honour and true religion. rgg9r Horsey Jrav. 
(1857) 361 This was done with such yrnesty that for the tyme 
it was a great obstacle in our proceedings. 

a. Obs, exc. dial, [app. a var. of 
YEARNFUL; for the relations between the two 
forms cf. EARN v.3] Anxious, full of longing de- 
sire; sorrowful. Hence Ba'rnfully adv. 


[a 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 22 Eornfullness [v. ». georn- 
fullnes] pisse worulde.]} (6 1500 Noble Lyfe u. \xxxix, He 
cryeth eurnefulli ho, ho! 1§75 T. Rocers Sec. Coming 
Christ 47/1 Their woofull cries .. their earnefull plaintes. 
1581 StupLey Seneca’s Hercules Et. 191b, Philomele . 
earnefully did mone Her tender Itis death. 1587 T. Hucues 
Arthur w. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. gt bes deep and earnful 
sigh. x Lopce aoe, Amer. ae eeping piteously in 
so erneful manner. P. Fretcner Pisce. Ecé. v. viii. The 
earnful smart Which eats my breast. 1875 ParisH Sussex 
Gloss., Ernful, sad, lamentable. 

hes (aanin), vb/. sb. [f. Earn v1 + 
-ING1; in OE, carnung, geearnung.] 

1. The pelea of giving labour as an equivalent for 
wages, of acquiring money by labour. Also aftrid. 

1872 Daily News 3 May 6/1 The men who have earned 
them [laurels] and know what the earning cost. 1884 Pall 
Mall G. 4 Oct. 1/1 The real earning power of the property, 

b. concr. in pl.; The amount of money which a 
person acquires or becomes entitled to by his labour; 
also, the income produced by invested capital. 

1732 Acc. of Wor! s 29 To know their earnings, and 

to give an account to the trustees. 1776 Apam Smit WN. 
I. 1, vi. 56 The whole is commonly considered as the earn- 
ings of his labour. 1848 Macautay Hist. fap I. 416 The 
pr ghey of the peasant were very different in different parts 
of the ki ingdom. 1888 Daily News 16 Feb, 2/1 The gross 
earnings of railways have increased. 

+2. The fact of deserving, merit; concr. that 
which one deserves. Ods. 

cxo2zo Wutrstan Homily in Sweet Ags. — xvi, 16 
Ee nee ve es pa on us 
sittad. cx175 L. Hom. 19 Crist us pd pm reo 3eue 

. nawiht for ure ernunge bute for his t muchele mildheort- 
nesse. ¢ 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 171 Danne wule he. .demen 
elch man after his erni _ 

+8. pl. Gain, profit. Ods. 

a 1200 Moral (Egerton MS.) 161 ne. &. sci P. (1862) 
3 Bede accra Ee an dod 

ether ta texts read 


erminges) 0g Pes Penn in Pa. ss inthe Mem, 1X. 182 
Now to make earnings in the islands. 7s 


¢ 1000 Ags. . Matt. xx. 9 Eornostlice pa Sz x: 
pa embe pa endlyften tide comon, ba onfengon hig alc hys 
Pening. 1000 Laws of Cnnt (cel) xv. Sutnan-darsescy- | BROOKS ct i i t= 
pistes egy og te: os. < Pale intent . “26932 pad believe what then read 
glori. cag E. £. Altit. P. B. 1240 He enteres in ful er- a. vol. sb.® Obs. ‘[f. Earn 0.3; = 
“4d antuh wehEe imi aire: | ti Lecce grief ne 
oe i) 2d nging desi: com on. 
for ee p serge pate earnestly PHB hath Saclay 3 1631 R. i ppm Ng ares § ee int ed 
1544 Baz Chron. Sir ¥, Oldcastelt in Harl. Mise, (Malh.) | STDS movings of Ris hast, and es cunpenae.o¢ it 
Ty ote Than lked the Lead Coat 1 “4 tions. TEELE Sect. No. 95 Pr The generous 
archbishopp. 1552 Ane. Hamitron Catech, 884) 3 He so in athe “ggg = manly Temper. i 
V. y “a B ‘uen ) Zech. ‘> Mere hounds hy vil uteing Spe att 
IV. l. 121, 1BLB comm. 
other sense ae, most earnestly “4 ed Christ wie 1575 Lanenam Let. (1871) 1 Ng ag ap of the hoounds 
Appison Sj xt. No, fo F ions which I in of t cs cote, alan i. avonigaie, Whole 
R Y i 7 ; ithougts of my far Readers ae Creature xiii. «oon tee nae Weamuei Gadee: 
USKIN Sev. yh ve 1 ita- Also yearn- 
tive treatment. 1855 Prescorr vad Paseoers Baslip. Ee be 11, i. (857) He had Pomme, ani), eit 563 dial. — 
alte ty Fo 2 to do his d duty to the best of A sak Vv. wank) a 
abilities, R. é. regia Re “ . curdling cheese. 
which he offered most earnestly oye 4. Miouas Compan’. deawh (00 aras It is this fourth 
vay aright ie aoe Sent, (1876) IV. xx. iss We ae Someday a in aay x commen tains 
erew: make us earnestly w | for earning of milk. ‘AM allow 
more, the Milk © stand an i relay corning, eer Runnet 


ae 


EARTH. 
is putin. did. 45 A circumstance to be at- 
po stad in Gud agy the tne when the Milk 


is at rest, aided wearvin 

@. The means of curdiing milk; rennet. Also 
attrib., as in earning-bag, -skin. Also earning- 
grass = BuTrERWORT. 

ae Marxnam o.”.. 11. vi. (1668) ,0 ae 


1775 
1792) 1131 (Jam.) P: » a 
ae ene fee Re 
Gls. (B.D. 


denseck anon’ 2g ee phord “ey Ses Ma Miactiary 


ook down a of rennet, or 
it. its Atuonen Dasa eee RR 
gk, -phokes, (t 
Earr- -pi:cker. [f. Ear sé.1] An instrn- 
ment pick: the ear of barn ete. ; “in so fis. 
1483 Cath. ren 4 116 An E ee 
cous Ooi 


— pm 2b ) To 
z fo H Hottysanp ybson my gon Tong, 


. one silver ear pick, 
Vne cure oreille, an eare picker, 1592 Lyty Midas v. 
ii. 63, I protest by cissars, brush & combe; bason ball 
& apron; by razor, carepike & rubbing clothes, 1614 T. 
Apams in py ee Treas. Dav. Ps. xxvi. uo Aas! 

truth, that she must now be put to the a gelden 

ick, or she cannot be heard. 1634 
at leisure... So bent s Bulan ndaabe. 


pop aan d his h that 

am no eare 'o sound his way. © 

Transactioneer 21 He Acts all the uncouth F; 14 
icker, is ONE 


er using over a China 
-day Bk. 7 ‘Tweezers with an ear-pic! 

fae oak Obs. [perh. orig. f. ‘eas sb3 + 
Rent; but used (? ingly) with allusion to 
Ear sd,1] ?Some kind of agricultural rent. In 
quots. used punningly for: @. The loss of a person’s 
ears in the pillory. b. The ‘tax’ imposed on a 
listener’s patience by a ——— or noisy talker. 

1610 B, Jonson Adch. 1. i, Raskalls would runne them- 
selves from breath to see .. you t’ haue but a Hole to thrust 

our heads in, For which you should pay Eare-rent. 
Mi asecieces Renegado 1. p Ube You speak not tempests, nor 
take ear-rent from A poor shopk: 

Earr-ring, earring. “fe Ear sb.1] Also 1 
ear-hring, 5 aryng, 6 earing(e, eare ryng(e. 

1. A ring worn in the lobe of the ear for ornament ; 
often used for a pendant or ‘ dro 

¢ 1000 AELFric Exod. xxxii. 2 N ayldene ear. 
of cower wifaearon. 1468 Medulla Gram. in Cath. An, 
Inauris, pe Aryng in the ere. 1535 Coverpate Fudg. vii 
24 For in so moch as y® men were Ismaelites, they had 
earinges. — Ezek. xvi. 12, I put..eare vpon thyne 
eares. 1600 HakLuyt _ — Ill. 4 "The send your 
honour two earerings. G. Sanpys Pw 
the precious earrings that 1 they wore, — Lapy 
Montacue Zeftf. Il. xliv. 18 Her earrings .. were two 
diamonds sha exactly like pears. 1814 Scorr Wav. 
xviii, A pair of gold ear-rings. = Bancrort Hist, U.S. 
IIL. xi. a tee lifeless , dressed as became a war- 
chief, glittered with belts, and ear- -rings. 

ial. The common fuchsia. (Britten and 


Holland.) 
+ Earsh. ds. exc. dia/, [A slurred pronune. 
dish or aftermath. 


of EppisH; see also ARRISH. 
a. A stubble field. b. = 
16a2 May Virgil's Georg. (L.) Fires oft are on barren 
earshes made. 1875 ay — Gloss., Earsh, a stubble 
field ; Eaxshot as a wheat earsh, earsh. 
bi “a. ft Kan ohh a-Gnow) alles 
Pa eye oe soarhat distance at which the voice 
we! é& re ie Wom Hat. pony 
wpe om, L 
os ae er pat Thon} 3 Chard 


No Th Cae) I, 31 PsWicnin pap po of one 
ambitious men. Disraeut C u. a Deg 75 Tadpole 


and Taper .. withdrew to a distant 

and ind: in confidential talk. 1866 Mas. Browninc 
Aur. Leigh wt. 1001 She was .. not in earshot of the things 
Outspoken o'er the common men, 

Karst, obs. var. Exst; ? also of EARNEST a, 
Eart, obs. form of art: see Br v, 

Earth (Sip), 54.1 Forms: a. 1-4 I- 
Northumd, eordu, , 2 horBe, 3-6 erB(e, 
4-5 irthe, urth(e, 4-6 yerth(e, herthe, 5 3er 
yorth, 6 earthe, yearth(e, (erith), 8-9 Se. 


9 Se. and dial. yearth, orth, 6- earth. 8. 3- 
erd(e, 6 eard, eird, 8 yird, 9 Sc. and north. di 
yird, yeird, eard. [Common Teut.: OE. ¢orPe, 
wk, fem., corresponds to OS. ertha wk. fem. (M 
aerde, erde, Du. aarde), OHG. erda str. and bo 
fem. (MHG.,, mod.G. erde), ON. iprd (Sw., Da. 
jord), Goth. airpa str. fem. :—OTeut. Me 
1 WGer.) evJén-; without the dental suffix the 
word appears in OHG. ero earth, Gr. inca onthe 
ground; no other nen Testes ogee aE 
to exist, the plausible papa th ME ey root 
*ar, to h, 
northern 
of 


’s notions of the earth ha 
epee changed since Od Bmes, while the lan 
guage of the notions has long outli them, that it 


EARTH. 


is very difficult to arrange the senses and applications of 
the word in any historical order. The following arrange- 
ment does not pretend to follow the development of ideas.) 
I. The ground. 
1. Considered as a mere surface. + Zo win earth 
on: to gain ground upon; ¢o Jose earth: to lose 


ground. 

Beowulf 1533 Wearp Sa wunden mz. .pzt hit on eordan 
lez stid and stylecg. cxo0o AELrric Hom. in Sweet Ags. 
Reader (ed. 5) 85 Iohannes. .astrehte his lichoman to eordan 
on langsummum gebede. cr1z00 Ormin 8073 Forr he 
{ Herod] warrp seoc, and he bigann To rotenn bufenn eorbe. 
1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13860 Pey wyp-drowen 
hem, & erpe bey les. 1375 Barsour Bruce iv, 284 The 
Kyng.. Wes laid at erd. c1400 Destr. Troy 6817 Sum 
{he} furlit to be hard yerth. c1435 Zorr. Portugal 657 

wenty fote he garde hyme goo, Thus erthe on hym he 
wane. 161r Suaxs. Want. T. v. i. 799, They kneele, they 
kisse the Earth. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 192 Let 
your Gardiner endeavour to apply the Collateral Branches 
of his Wall-Fruits..to the Earth or Borders. 1847 Tenny- 
son Princ. v. 486 Part roll’d on the earth and rose again. 

2. Considered as a solid stratum. 

@1300 Cursor M. 4699 Pe erth it clang, for drught and hete. 
iets (hid. (Fairf.) 16784 The day was derker then the night 

erthe quoke with-alle. 1562 BuLLeyn Bk. Simiples 57 a, 

e people .. are constrained to inhabite in Caves, under 
the yearth. 1567 MarLet Gr. Forest 8 b, Of Gemmes, some 
are found in the earthes vaines, & are digged vp with 
Metalles. 1790 Cowper /liad m1. 339 Who under earth on 
human kind avenge Severe, the guilt of violated oaths. 
[1865 Frost § Fire 11. 182 Them is what we call marble 
stones ; they grow in the yearth]. 

+3. Considered as a place of burial; esf. in 
phrase 70 bring (a person) to (the) earth. Obs. 

cxz05 Lay. 4283 To gadere come his eorles & brohten 
hime to eorde. c1305 Edm. the Conf. 594 in E. P. P. (1862) 
86 Ded he com iwis & per he was ibro3t an vrpe. 1387 Z. 
E. Witls (1882) 2 Y be-quethe iii.2/ to bringe me on erthe. 
1541 Bury Wills (1850) 261 [William Clovyer, of Chelsworth, 
charged his wife] to brynge me ynto the herthe honestly 
accordynge to my value. /éid. 141, I commytt my body to 
be arsed in the churche erthe. 1590 Martowe Law. //, 
v. i, Every earth is fit for burial. 

4. The hole or hiding-place of a burrowing 
animal, as a badger, fox, etc. Also fig. 

1575 Turserv. Bk. Venerie 187 If you..put the Terryer 
into an earth where foxes be or Badgerdes, they will leave 
that earth. 16rx Corcr. Accu/,..the bottome.. of a 
foxes, or badgers earth. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. xi. 
183 Frighted hare fled to cover, or fox to earth. 1781 P. 
Beckrorp Hunting (1802) 332, I recommend to you, to turn 
them into large covers and strong earths. 1828 Scorr /. 
M. Perth \. 311, 1 am ready to take you to any place of 
safety you can name .. But you cannot persuade me that 
you do not know what earth to make for. 1845 Darwin 
Voy. Nat. vi. (1879) 113 They were generally near their 
earths, but the dogs killed one. #859 TENNyson Enid 253 
And onward to the fortress rode the three. .‘So,’ thought 
Geraint, ‘I have track’d him to his earth’. 


5. The soil as suited for cultivation ; sometimes 
with a defining word denoting the nature or 


quality of the soil. 

c950 Lindisf. Gos. Luke xiii. 7 Hrendas fordon Sa ilca to 
huon uutedlice eordo gi-onetad. c1z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 
155 Sum ful on be gode eorde and pat com wel ford. c 1340 
Cursor M. 27268 (Fairf.) Tilmen .. better paire awen erp 
tilis. c1440 Promp. Parv. 141 Erye, or erthe [erde A], 
terra, humus, tellus. c1420 Pallad. on Husb, 1. 81 ‘The 
bitterest erthe & werst that thou canst thinke. 1523 Firz- 
HERB. Husd. § 13 To plowe his barley-erthe. 1557 Lanc. 
Wills (1854) I. 143 On close lyeinge nerest unto James 
Bailies called the merled earthe. 1617 Marxnam Cavad. 
1. 29 When you finde the chase to runne ouer any faire 
earth, as either ouer More, Medow, Heath [etc.]all which my 
countrymen of the North call skelping earths. 1751 CHAM- 
Bers Cyc?. s. v. Earth, By means of sand it is, that the 
fatty earth is rendered hrtile. 1821 Mrs. WHEELER West- 
morld. Dial. 71 They racken his earth is as gud as onny 
ith parrish. 

6. Electr. The ground considered as the medium 
by which a circuit is completed. Hence used for: 
A communication with the earth. 

1870 R. Fercuson Electr. 250 An ‘earth’, however, is 
generally put at each station. 

II. The world on which we dwell. 

7. The dry land, as opposed to the sea. 

cxo00 AEtrric Gen. i, 10 And God gecigde pa drignisse 
eordan. cx1160 Hatton Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 3 xe befared 
se and eordan. c1zgo Gen, § Ex, 116 De dridde dai.. 
was water and erde o sunder sad. ate Cursor M. 383 
2 watris all he calid be se, drey he calid erd. 1382 

yctir Gen, i. ro God clepid the drie erthe. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. vu. 624 The seat of men, Earth, with her nether 
Ocean circumfus’d. 1712-4 Pore Rafe Lock ww. 119 Sooner 
let earth, air, sea to Chaos fall. 1 J. Wuson Noct. 
Ambr. Wks. I. 6 There’s sae strong a spirit of life hotchin 
over yearth and sea, 

8. The world as including land and sea; as 
distinguished from the (material) heaven. 

Beowulf 92 (Gr.) Se xlmihtiza eordan wiorhte]. c1x75 
Lamb. Hom. 139 Sunnen dei was ise3an pet formeste liht 
buuen eorde. c1z05 Lay. 4154 He somenede ferd Swulc 
nes nzuere eer on erde, cx2g0 Gen. §& Ex. 40 Of no3zt 
Was heuene and erde samen wro3t. ¢ 1320 Cast, Loue 95 
God atte begynnynges Hedde i-maad heuene wip ginne.. 
And be eorbe per-after ber-wib. 1698 Kent Lxam. Th. 
Earth (1734) 127 What proportion all the Rivers in the 
Earth bear to the Po. 1747 J. Scorr Christ. Life II. 489 
Spreading .. even to the utmost ends of the earth. a 181: 
A. Witson Rab §& Ringan Poet. Wks. (1846) 147 He ca’ 
the kirk the church, the yirth the globe. ‘OMLINSON 
Arago's Astron.99 Men for a long while regarded the earth 
as a boundless plain. 


11 


9. Considered as the present abode of man; 
frequently contrasted with heaven or hell. In poet. 
and rhet. use often without the article. 

cx000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 18 Me is zeseald zlc 
anweald on heofonan and on eorpan [950 Lindis/. on 
eordo]. cx175 Lamb. Hom. 47 Heo on eorde 3eued 
reste to alle eorde brelles wepmen and wifmen of heore 

rel weorkes. ar Cursor M. 29280 Crist has here in 
irthe leuyd pe hele of cristendom and heuyd. /éid. 71 
[Scho] saues me first in herth fra syn, And heuen blys 
me helps to wyn. c1380 Wycuir Sel. Wks. III. 515 To 
conquere alle seculer lordship in pis eorpe. cx1400 Afol. 
Loll. 8 Wat bu byndist vpon 3erpe, it schal be boundoun al 
so in heuin. c¢1420 Chron. Vilod. 462 Shalle not long wt 
3ou in urthe a byde. c 1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 13 And he 
. .loueth hir chastite a monge alle be virgyns in erthe. ¢1g00 
Lancelot 128 For in this erith no lady is so fare. 1546 
Primer Hen. VIII, 74 To whom .. In heaven & yerth be 
laud and praise. Amen. 1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 37, 
I came not to send peace in to the yerthe but warr. aap 
Suaks. Ful. C.1. iii. 45 Those that haue knowne the Earth 
so full of faults. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 99 O Earth! how 
like to Heav’n, if not preferr’d More justly. 1697 DrypEen 
Virg. Georg. Ww. 813 Mighty Cesar.. On the glad Earth 
the Golden Age renews. 1813 Hoe Queen's Wake 182 
But Kilmeny on yirth was nevir mayre seine. 1858 TRENCH 
Parables ii. (1877) 15 Earth is not a shadow of heaven, but 
heaven..a dream of earth. 

b. transf. The inhabitants of the world. 

1549 Bk. Com. Prayer, Benedicite, O \et the Earth, speak 
good of the Lord. 161x Biste Gen. xi. 1 The whole earth 
was of one language. 

ce. In the intensive expression ov earth. 

1862 THackeray Philip (1872) 228 What scheme on (h)earth 
are you driving at? d/od, What on earth is the matter here? 

10. Considered as a sphere, orb, or planet. 

c1g00 Rom. Rose 5339 Erthe, that bitwixe is sett The 
sonne and hir [the moon]. 1555 Epen Decades W. Ind. 
Cont. (Arb.) 45 A demonstration of the roundenesse of the 
earth. 1658 CuLverrer Astrol. Judgem. Dis.18 Vhe Earth 
is a great lump of dirt rolled up together, and... hanged in 
the Air. 1726tr. Gregory’s Astron. I. 403 The Place of the 
Aphelion or Perihelion of the Earth. 1796 H. Hunter tr. 
St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 1. Introd. 32 The Earth is 
lengthened out at the Poles. 1854 Brewster J/ore Worlds 
Introd. 2 The earth is a planet. 

+b. ¢ransf. A world resembling the earth; a 
(supposed) habitable planet. 

1678 Cupwortu /xted/. Syst. 381 He affirmed. .the Moon 
[to be] an earth, having Mountains and Valleys, Cities and 
Houses in it. 1684 T. Burner 7%. Earth 1. 168 We will 
consider. .the rest of the earths, or of the planets within our 
heavens. 1841 Lane Arad. Nts. 1. 23, This is the 1st, or 
highest, of 7 earths. 

III. +11. (? After L. ¢errva.] A country, land ; 
portion of the earth’s surface. Ods. 

cgso Lindisf. Gosp. John iii. 22 After das cum se helend 
.. in iudea eordu [975 Rushw. eordo). ax1300 Cursor M, 
5484 Ioseph. .first was berid in pat contre, Sipen born til his 
erth was he. ¢1382 Wycir Ezek. xxi. 2 Sone of man.. 
prophecy thou ajens the erthe of Israel. ¢ 1435 Zorr. Por- 
tugal 1325 They yave Ser Torent that he wan, Both the 
erth and the woman. 1§56 Lauper 7Jvact. (1864) 270 And 
--3e be nocht feird But doute for to possesse the eird. 1595 
Suaks. Fohn u1. i. 344 This hand That swayes the earth this 
Climate ouerlookes. 1628 Hosppes 7hucyd. (1822) 41 The 
Athenians have the spirit not to be slaves to their earth. 

IV. As a substance or material. 

12. The material of which the surface of the 
ground is composed, soil, mould, dust, clay. 

ax000 Guthlac 351 (Gr.) Peah min ban and blod butu ge- 
weorden eordan to eacan. a1r75 Cott. Hon. 221 God.. 
cwed pat he wolde wercan man of eordan. a 1300 Cursor 
M, 928 Vnto pat erth pou was of tan. _a@ 1300 Havelok 740 
A litel hus to maken of erthe. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 
427 Askes and pouder,erthe and clay. 1534 Lp. Berners 
Gold, Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Cv, 'To graue .. in erthe, and 
other sculptures, 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 193 Now 
is your Season for Circumposition by Tubs or Baskets of 
Earth, 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 15 Mould, Sand, 
Gravil or Clay (all which I call Earth), 1806 Gazetteer 
Scotl. 54 Alternate strata of earth and limestone. 1836 
‘Turrtwa Greece II. xiv, 213 The envoys .. undertook to 
give earth and water, 1865 G. MacponaLp A. Fordes III. 
168 ‘ Sober floories that smell o’ the yird like’. 

+b. Clay as material for pottery. Ods. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 69 He wolde euer be 
serued in vessels of erth. 1660 Act 12 Chas. //, iv. Sched. 
s.v. Bottles, Bottles .. of Earth or Stone the dozen. 

e. In Sugar-making. A layer of earth spread 
over the raw sugar in the process of refining. 

1752 CHAMBERS Cyc/. s.v. Sugar, When the second earth 
is taken off, they cleanse the surface of the sugar with a 


brush. 
13. As the type of.dull, dead matter. 


1593 SuHaks. Rich. /J, ut. iii, 78 Dar’st thou, thou little 
better thing then earth, Divine tas downfall ? 
b. As a disparaging term for precious metal. 

1612 W. Parkes Curtaine Dr. (1876) 34 bagges are 
full.. with the white and red earth of the wor 

e. Used for: The body. Cf. dust, clay. 

a 1600 Saks. Sonn. cxlvi, Poore soule the center of my 
sinfull earth. 161z Beau. & FL. Maia’s Trag. v. (1679) 1 
This earth of mine doth tremble, and I feel A star! af. 
frighted motion in my blood. 1822 SHettey Hedlas 21 The 
indignant spirit cast its mortal garment Among the slain— 
di earth upon the earth. 

14. Earth as one of the four so-called ‘elements’. 
Also, in pre-scientific chemistry, one of the sup- 
posed five (or six) elements; see quot. 1778. 

a1300 Fragn. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 267 Of this four elementz 
ech quik thing y-maked is, Of urthe, of water, and of eyr, 
and of fur, i-wis. 1393 Gower Conf III. 92 Four elements 
there ben diverse, The first of hem men erthe call. 1564 


EARTH. 


P. Moore Hope Health. iii. 5 Vhe yearth is the loweste 
and heauiest element. x60x SHaxs. 7wel, NV. 1. v. 294 You 
should not rest Betweene the elements of ayre and earth. 
19778 Dict. of Art & Sciences, s.v. Element, The elements. . 
to which all bodies may be..reduced are .. Water... Air.. 
Oil..Salt.. Earth. 

15. Chem. (See quots.) In mod. use restricted 
to certain metallic oxides, agreeing in having little 
taste or smell, and in being uninflammable, e.g. 
magnesia, alumina, zirconia, and the ‘alkaline 
earths’ baryta, lime, strontia. 

1728 Woopwarp (J.) Earths are opake, insipid, and, when 
dried, friable, or consisting of parts easy to separate, and 
soluble in water. 1751 Sir J. Hitt Mat. Med. (J.) The five 
genera of earths are, 1. Boles, 2. Clays, 3. Marls, 4. Ochres, 
5. Tripelas. 179: Hamitton Berthollet’s Dyeing \. i.1. i. 
22 They unite with acids, alkalis. .and some earths, princi- 
pally alumine. 1814 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. 12 Four 
Earths generally abound in soils, the aluminous, the sili- 
ceous, the calcareous, and the magnesian. 1863-79 Watts 
Dict. Chem. Il. 360 Earths, this name is applied to the 
oxides of the metals, barium, strontium, etc. 

Earth- in como. 
I. General relations. 

1. attributive. a. Pertaining to the earth as a 
world, or as a globe or planet; as in earth-god, 
goddess, -history, -lord, -measure, -noise, -pole, 
power, -surface. wb. Pertaining to the ground, 
dwelling or existing on, near, or below the surface 
of the ground, as in earth-beetle, -bird, -damp, -fly, 
-hole. c. Pertaining to the crust of the earth, as 
in earth-throe, -tremor. . Pertaining to the 
earth in relation to electricity, as in earth-resist- 
ance. @. Characteristic of earth as a substance, 
as in earth-colour, -tint ; composed of earth, as in 
earth-bank, -bottom, -envelope, -mound, -wall. 

1866 KincsLey /erew. xix. 236 He went along the 
*earth-banks of his ancient home. 1601 Hottanp Pliny 
II. 379 A kind of *earth-beetles called tauri, i. Buls. a 1225 
Auncr. R132 Peos. .beop *eord briddes, & nested o ber eorde. 
1883 F. G. Heatu in Century Mag. Dec. 169/1 Over the 
original “earth-bottom of the cave Is a bed or layer of con- 
siderable thickness. 1814 Scott Wav. xxxvii, The light 
usually carried by a miner.. certain to be extinguished 
should he encounter the more formidable hazard of *earth- 
damps or pestiferous vapours. 1884 H.R. Hawes in Longue. 
Mag. Dec. 191 The *earth-envelope of mind is not the mea- 
sure of mind. 1731 Meptry Holben’s Cape G. Hope I. 176 
There is a sort of Flies at the Cape which the Europeans call 
*Earth-flies. 1878 Grapstone Prim. Homer 74 We have 
no acknowledged *earth-goddess in the poems. 1880 A. 
Wattace /st. Life 83 The opposite belief, which is now 
rapidly gaining ground among the students of *earth-his- 
tory, c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He turnde. .fro mennes 
wunienge to wilde deores, and ches pere crundel to halle 
and “eordhole to bure. 1628 GauLe Pract. The. 42 The 
*Earth-Lords [Adam's] honour now layd in the dust. 1570 
Bituincstey Euclid xu. xviii. 389 It was nedefull for Me- 
chanicall *earthmeasures, not to be ignorant of the measure 
and contents of the circle. 1875 Emerson Le?t. & Soc. Aims, 
Immortality Wks. (Bohn) III. 280 The Pyramids .. and 
cromlechs and *earth-mounds much older. 1850 BrowNING 
Poems 11. 435, I can hear it "I'wixt my spirit And the *earth- 
noise, intervene. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 32 From the 
“earth-poles to the line. 1887 Spectator 7 May 626/1 ‘The 
*earth-powers which dwell in the billows, the rain, the frost, 
and the air. 1870 R. Fercuson Electr, 243 The *earth 
resistance to the current..is next tonothing. 1883 Proctor 
in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 566 An extent of *earth-surface to 
be measured. /é/d. Tens of thousands of human beings 
have..been destroyed by *earth-throes. 1865 Daily Tel. 
27 Oct. yt The colour of these tiles is a deep *earth-tint. 
1887 G. H. Darwin Earthquakes in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 274 
These troublesome changes are called *earth tremors. 1884 
Athenzum 16 Aug. 217/3 Dr. Bruce also pointed out traces 
. .of the vallum or *earthwall. 

2. objective. a. (sense 1), as earth-tilling, -worker 
vbl. sbs., earth-baking, -convulsing, - delving, 
-incinerating, -piercing, -trading ppl. adjs. b. 
(senses 7, 8), as earth-measuring vbl. sb., + earths- 
amazing, earth-crossing, -destroying, -devouring, 
-embleming, -overgazing, -refreshing, -vexing ppl. 
adjs. @. (sense 9), as earth-poring, -seeking ppl. 
adjs. d. (sense 12), as earth-grubber, -maker, 
-scraper; earth-eating vbl. sb, and ppl. adj. ; 
earth-wheeling vbl. sb. 

1624 QuarLes ¥ob (1717) 221 Jehovah did at length un- 
shroud His *Earths- amazing language. 1847 EmERson 
Poems (1857) 143 *Earth-baking heat. 1819 SHELLEY Pro- 
meth. Und. 1v. (1878) II. 132 *Earth-convulsing behemoth. 
1886 Procror in 19th Cent. May 692 A special *earth- 
crossing family of Comets. 1592 SHaxs. Ven. § Ad. 687 
Where *earth-deluing Conies keepe. @163r Drayton 
Wks. IV. 1540 (Jod.) This all drowning *earth-destroy- 
ing shower. crx Montcomerie Poems 39 (Jod.) The 
*earth devouring anguish of despair. 1852 TH. Ross 
tr. Humboldt’s Trav. 11, xxiv. 499 These examples of 
*earth-eating in the torrid zone appear very strange, 1869 
tr. Pouchet’s Universe (1871) 22 There are a tolerably large 
number of earth-eating tribes in North America. 1839 
Bary Festus x. (1848) 108 The sacrificial ox, *earth-em- 
bleming. ¢1630 Drumm. or Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 33/2 
The earth and *earth-embracing sea did shake. 1870 Bryant 
Homer I. 1x. 274 They offered prayer To earth-embracing 
Neptune. 1883 Proctor in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 566 The 
*earth-fashioning power of vulcanian forces. 1661 K. W. 
Conf. Charac., Usurer (1860) 74 This miserable *earthgrub- 
ber doth. .acquire this trash with vexation. 1869 SpuRGEON 
Treas. Dav. Ps. xv. 2 True believers do not. .bend double as 
earth-grubbers. 1801 Huntincton Bank of Faith 34 Find- 
ing nothing could be done with the “earth-holders, I..deter- 
mined to build my stories in the heaven. 1598 J. oe 

-2 


EARTH. 


Greene in Conc. (1878) 134 *Earth-incinerating Aetnas 
wombe big swolne with flames. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) 
II. xiv. 285 Potters and *earth-makers; that is to say, people 
that the earth for the China ware. 1; ILLINGS- 
Ley Euclid xu. xviii. 389 Geometria, that is, * measur- 
ing. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. ut. xci, The peak Of *earth- 
o'ergazing mountains. 1839 BaiLey Festus xix. (1848) 206 
The neeee Sent ppunees. bees SX ae *earth-piercing altar 
pyramid. 1646 G. Daniet Poems Wks. 1878 I. 24 High, and 
pepe’ Soules Leave Time and Place, to dull * ing 
fooles. @163x Drayton Wes. LI. 479 (Jod.) The *earth- 
refreshing Sun..his golden head doth run Far under us. 
1615 T. Apams Spiritual Navig. 34 *Earth scrapers. .that 
would dig to the Center to exhale riches. 1646 G. Dantet 
Poems 1878 I. 13 A low bruit Affection..which binds 
In Sensuall Fetters, et *Earth-seeking minds. 1875 E. 
Wurte Life in Christ 1. i. (1878) 3 Wearing so many 
crowns, as *Earth-subduer, Legislator. 1, Trevisa Hig- 
den (Rolls) III. 3x Pis kyng [Azarias] louede wel *erpe tel- 
ynge. 1382 WyciF x Cor. ili. 9 3e ben the erthe tilyinge 
of God. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful.1. ii. 25 *Earthtreadin 
starres, that make darke heauen light. x161rz Suaxs. Cymd. 
v. iv. 42 This *earth-vexing smart. 1477 in York Myst. 
Introd. 21 xofe, Garthyners, *erthe wallers, pavers, dykers. 
1885 Sir R. Rawiinson in Pall Mall G. 17 Jan. 1/2 Stock- 
port, where men had been set to test work at “earth-wheel- 
ing. 1872 H. Macmitian 7 rue Vine ii. 57 *‘ Earth-worker,’ 
as the original word for husbandman should be rendered. 

3. instrumental with passive pple., as earth- 
-blinded, -dimmed, -fed, -rampired, -stained, -worn. 

1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. mi. viii, Thou the *Earth- 
blinded summonest both Past and Future. 1884 W. G. 
Horper in Chr. World Pulpit 12 Nov. 310/3 Our *earth- 
dimmed souls. 1605 B. Jonson Volfone ut. vii, *Earth-fed 
Minds That never tasted the true Heav’n of love. 1649 
G. Daniet Trinarch., Hen. V, cli, *Earth-rampeir’d Ears, 
expect the Drum to Call. 1827 Kesie Chr. V. 24th Sund. 
after Trin., The *earth-stained spright Whose wakeful 
musings are of guilt and fear. 1866 E. Peacock Eng. Ch. 
Furniture 177 The *earth-worn face of the living. 

4. adverbial with adjs. or vbl. sbs. Chiefly loca- 
tive and originative (in, on, near to the earth; from, 
of the earth), and similative (as the earth); as in 
earth-bedded, -bound, -bowed, -bred, -burrower, 
-coloured, -creeping, -ejected, -gaping, -grovelling, 
-lent,-low, -made,-nurtured,-proud,-rooted,-sprung, 
-lurned, -undone, -wide. 

a ae Rokeby u.xv, Yon *earth-bedded jetting-stone. 
1605 SHAKS. Macé. 1. i. 96 Who can..bid the Tree Vnfixe 
his *earth-bound Root? 1 G. Smitn Autumn iv. in 
Macm. Mag. XIII. 54 *Earth-bow’d trees. 1594 7? GREENE 
Selimus Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 285 *Earth-bred brethren, 
which once Heapte hill on hill to scale the starrie skie. 1603 
H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 90 Earth-bred wormes, 
-- will stand vpon termes of gentilitie. 1622 May //e?r in 
Hazl. Dodsley 11. 517 The earth-bred thoughts of his gross 
soul. 1883 Woop in Longm. Mag. Dec. 162 The mole is an 
*earth-burrower. 1877 Daily News 1 Nov. 5/7 We reached 
Biela at dark, *earth-coloured, wet and out of spirits. 
1581 Stpney Afol. Poesie (1622) 530 So *earth-creeping a 
mind, that it cannot lift itself vp to looke to the skies of 
Poetry. 1819 SHettey Prometh. Unb. 1. ii, The earth- 
creeping breeze. 1886 Proctor in 19fh Cent. May 694 The 
orbit..had been that of the *earth-ejected comet. 
Firz-Gerrrey Sir F. Drake (1881) 31 *Earth-gaping 
Chasma’s, that mishap aboades, 1642 i. More Song Ke 
Soul 1, m1. xxxviii, This Province .. is hight *earth-grovel- 
ling Aptery. 1839 Battey Festus vi. (1848) 61 With every 
*earthlent ray of every star Holy and special influences 
are. 1600 Tourneur 7ransf. Met. cclxxxii, With fleecy 
Wooll, that hung on *earth-low brakes. 1849 Hare 
Par, Serm, 11. 416 Everything *earth-made has a weight 
in it which drags it down to earth. 1882 H. Puiuirs 
tr. Chamisso’s Faust 15 Woe and wail! earth - born, 
*earth-nurtured ! 1868 Hawrnorne Amer. Note-bks. 
(1879) I. 218 Weary *earth-plodders. 1847 Emerson 
Poems (1857) 70 *Earth-proud, proud of the earth which 
is not theirs. 187 G. Macponatn Songs of Days § Nts. 
51 The long grass .. an *earth-rooted sea. 1614 R. TayLor 
Hog lost Pearl in Dodsley (1780) V1. 412 Tortur'd by the 
weak assailments Of *earth-sprung griefs. 21849 J.C. MAn- 
GAN Poems (1850) 74 Earthsprung mothers, of an earthly 
name, Doomed to die. 1618 Brarruwarr Descr. Death, 
*Earth-turned, mole-eied, flesh-hook, that puls us hence. 
1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems 1.313 As one God-satisfied and 
*“earth-undone. 1 R. S. Hawker Quest. Sangraal 4 
The *Earthwide Judge, Pilate the Roman. 

II. Special comb.: earth -almonds, ‘ the 
corms of Cyperus esculentus’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) ; 
earth-bags = sand-bags (Adm. Smyth) ; see earth- 
sack; earth-balls, truffles, 7uder cibarium (Brit- 
ten and Holland); + earth-bath, a kind of medical 
treatment in which the patient was buried up to 
the shoulders in the ground; earth - battery 
(Electr.),a battery formed by burying two voltaic 
elements in the earth some distance apart; earth- 
bed, a bed upon the ground; the grave; +earth- 
bind, some creeping plant ; earth-bob, a maggot, 
the larva of a beetle; + earth-coal, coal as dis- 
tinguished from charcoal; earth-car (see quot.) ; 
earth-chestnut = Eartu-Nut; + earth-chine, a 
cleft in the earth; earth-closet, a substitute for 
a water-closet, in which earth is used as a deodor- 
ising agent ; earth-current (Z/ectr.), an irregular 
current due to the earth, which affects telegraph 
wires so as to render them temporarily useless 
for communication ; +earth-dog, a terrier ; earth- 
drake, mod. rendering of OE. eord-draca earth- 
dragon ; + earth-flax, some mineral, possibly as- 
bestos ; earth-flea, earth-fly, = Cuico; earth- 
foam, a variety of Aphrite ; earth-fork, a digging 


12 


fork; earth-gall, the Lesser Centaury, Zrythraa 
Centaurium ; earth-hog = AARD-VARK; earth- 
house, an underground chamber or dwelling ; fig. 
the grave ; earth-hunger, a disease characterized 
by a morbid craving for eating earth ; fig. desire 
to possess land, greed of territory; + earth-ivy 
=GROUND-IVY; tearth-lice, transl. L. pedunculi 
terre (see quot.) ; earth-marl, marl containing 
a large proportion of clay; earth-moss, the 
genus Phascum (Britten and Holland); earth- 
mouse, the plant Lathyrus tuberosus (Britten and 
Holland); +earth-moving vé/. sb. = EaRTH- 
QUAKE; earth-oil, petroleum; earth-pillar(Geo/.), 
a pillar-like mass of earth (see quot.); + earth- 
planet, once-wd., a fugitive, wanderer; earth- 
plate (Z/ectr.), a metal plate buried in the earth, 
connected with a telegraph battery in order that 
the circuit may be completed by the earth; 
+ earth-puff, a puff-ball fungus (Nares) ; +earth- 
ric (Orm. ¢orperiche), the earth-realm, earth as 
a region; earth-rind, rhetorically used for ‘ crust 
of the earth’; also Sg. earth-sack, a sack filled 
with earth, used asa fascine in fortifications; earth- 
sculpture, the physical processes by which the 
form of the earth’s surface is altered; earth- 
shaker, also earth-shaking ///. a., chiefly used 
as epithets of Poseidon or Neptune; earth- 
shaking v//. sb., formerly = EARTHQUAKE ; earth- 
shine ( Astron.) =EARTH-LIGHT; earth-shock, a 
convulsion of the earth ; an earthquake ; + earth- 
shrew, the Shrew-mouse; earth-side, zonce-wd., 
earthward side or aspect ; earth-smoke, the plant 
Fumitory (Britten and Holland); earth-spider, 
the Tarantula; earth-spring, in electrical machines 
a spring connected with the earth; earth-star, 
a fungus so called from its stellate shape when 
lying on the ground; also as monce-wd., applied 
to the earth considered as a ‘star’, and to lu- 
minous objects resembling stars; earth-stopper, 
one who is employed to stop up the ‘earths’ or 
holes of foxes; earth-table (Avch.), see quot. ; 
earth-tongue (of.), Eng. rendering of the name 
of the genus Geoglossum (Treas. Bot.); earth- 
wave, a seismic wave in the solid crust of the 
earth ; earth-wolf, transl. Du. AARDWOLF, q.v. 
Also EARTH-APPLE, -BOARD, -BORN, -DIN, -FAST, 
-LESS, -LIGHT, -MAD, -WISE, -WORK, -WORM. 

1765 Nat. Hist. in Ann, Reg. 108/2 The *Earth-bath..may 
be used with safety only from the end. .of May to. .October. 
a 1300 Cursor M. 6962 loseph bans pai wit ham ledd, par 
bai bam grof in *erth bedd. 1637 Nasses Microcosm. in 
Dodsley 1X. 163 My earth-bed wet with nightly tears. 1877 
BrowninG La Satsiaz 118 Of all Piss. 9 to your mind 
Most the choice for quiet, yonder. 1579 Lancuam Gard. 
Health (1633) 205 Headache of rheume, put in the iuyce of 
white *Earthbinde into the nose. 17. © Roxas Art of 
Angling 1. iii. 13 The *Earth-Bob or White-Grub is a Worm 
with a red Head. 1787 Best Ang/ing (ed. 2) 57 ‘The best 
bait for them in the winter is, the earth bob, it is the spawn 
of the beetle. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech.,*Earth-car= 
dumping-car, a car for transporting gravel and stone in 
railway operations. ¢ 1220 Bestiary 402 [A fox] god ° felde 
to a furg, and falled Sarinne, In eried lond er in *erd-chine. 
1870 Eng. Mech. 18 Mar. 661/3 He had converted a privy 
into an *earth-closet. 1871 Narneys Prev. & Cure Dis, 1. 
viii. 233 The dry earth-closet is — 1807 
Soutney Esfriella’s Lett. (1814) 1. 12 They burn *earth- 
coal everywhere. 1879 THomson & Tart Nat. Phil. 1.1. § 376 
An unknown and ever varying electromotive force. .due to 
the earth (producing what is ly called the ‘ *earth- 
current’). 1616 Surrt. & Maru. Countr. Farm The 
hunting of the Foxe and Broke ., is to formed with 
*earth-dogs. a 1000 Beowul/(Gr.) 2711 Sio wund. . be him se 
*eord-draca wr zeworhte. 18.. Ocitvir, s.v. Earth-drake, 
cites W. Spapinc. Woopwarp (J.) Of — talc, 
the coarser sort is called plaister, or et; the finer, 
— oo Lemmon be Le a v ares Oe ae 

- 3 miable variet it [aphrite earth- 
pag c 1000 Sax. Leechd, 11. 186 Centaurian sume hatad 
hyrde wyrt sume * geallan. 1611 Corcr., Xe; t, 

‘euerwort, Earthgall, Centorie the lesse. , MiLLer 
Plant Names 40 Earth-gall, Erythrea Centaurium and 
other plants of the Gentian tribe. x Meptey Kolben's 
ow = Fs xpi The *Eart yoy ne pe un- 
ike the European hogs, excepting that their colour ap- 

roaches to a red. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II, 146 Romane 

“a —— *eorp er ~ ere lyfte Bd coe i 
2381 ven 3er wes Astrild i pissen -huse 
huse). astgs Lowar, Grave sh Loashenmen tetas aepoe nen! 
and grim within to dwell. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits vii. 
Truth Wks. (Bohn) II. 53 The *earth-hunger, or preference 
for property in land, which is said to mark the Teutonic na- 
tions. 1884 Graphic 4 Oct. 342/2 The Boers .. whose earth 
hunger is notorious,will gradually ‘eat-up’ all thesurrounding 
territories, ¢ Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker Hedera nigra, 
*eordifiz. ule. Voc. Plant-names in Wr.-Wilcker 558 
Hedera migra, oerpiui. 1561 Hottysusu Hom. , pe 37a, 
Take the lesse Shaving girss..and Earth yvy, of eche two 
handfull. 1601 Hottanp Pliny IL. 379 Some tearme them, 
Pedunculos terre, * lice. A, Hunter aoe a 
Ess. (1803) I. 226 note, A very consi number of * 
marls are of astony hardness. 1831 Brit, usb. I. 311 The 


origin of earth-marl is a subject of curious ii 1859 
All Y, Round No. 32. 126 The *casthanoune (Letliyras 
tuberosus), which the French peasant will not cultivate be- 


cause, he says, it walks underground. 1382 Wyctir Matt. 
xxiv. 7 *Erthemouyngis schulen be by placis. 1755 Baker 


3 
i 
5 
: 
: 
g 
l 


yyned Rogaciouns 
Ibid. vu. xv. (1527) 280 b, In ytalye was an erth-sakyn; 
that dured xl dayes. 1634 Mitton Comus 869 By the* - 


eptune’s mace. 1875 Loncr. Masg. Pandora 1. 

% 8 earth- ing trident of Poseidon. Nat. 
*hilos.(U.K.S.) L11. Astron. iii. 77/2 That part of the moon 
which receives no light directly the sun, may, by indi 
-- faintly visible. 


ie aj - 
1876 rok Cuampers Astron. 87 The Earth-shine is more lu- 


Shrew-mouse or Erd, i.e. *Earth-shrew, 1865 Dickens 
Mut. Fr.1, xiv, The *earth-side of the grave. 1858 Sears 
Athan. n. ix. 226 On this dark or earth-side of his [Christ's] 
nature. 1883 Chamd. Frni. 1 Dec. 760/2 A common *earth- 
spider, the tarantula, 1881 Maxwe ti Eéectr. & Magn. I. 
299 When P moves away from the “earth-spring it carries 
this charge with it. 1816 Byron Siege Cor. v, Its *earth- 
stars melted into heaven, Batey Festus xxviii. (1848) 

5 Is the earth-star struggling still with death? 1885 W. 
ii: Gisson in Harper's Mag. May 912/1 The fungus 
called the earth-star, Geaster hygrometricus, a plant of the 
puff-ball tribe. 1880 Times 2 Nov. 4/5 are huntsmen, 
whips, and grooms, kennel attendants, — and *earth- 
stoppers to be employed. 1878 witt A rchit.Gloss., *Earth 


Taéle .. the plinth of a wall .. or lowest course of project- 
ing stones immediately above the HILLIPS 
Vesuv. ix, 261 Heat in some way generates the force of 


the *earth-wave. 1878 Huxiey 7) 
uakes] near the sea the water waves may be far 
p sera Fn than the earth waves. 


+ Earth, 54.2. Ods. or dial. Forms: 1 ierp, 
irp, yrp, earp, erp, 4-5 erpe, 6 earthe, 
earth. [OE. *g73, WS. zerP str. fem. (OTeut. type 
*arpi-2) {. *ar-, root of OE. erian, Ear v.1 to 
plough + suffix as in Brrru. 

1. The action of ploughing ; a ploughing. In OE. 
also ‘ ploughed land’ and ‘ produce of arable land, 
a crop’ (Bosw.-Toller). rad 

¢ K. Avrrep Beda w, xxviii ) 

890 Ae Beda w. xxviii. (Bosw, yt orig 


‘stogr. 188 [In earth- 
more 


sona up and @ 1000 
Laws (1840) 189 Feola syndan fo! tu 


Santen he ow aoe aa 
..ben-feorm for ripe, gyt-feorm for . oe REVISA 
Barth. De P. R. xvu. xviii (MS.) Pe more ie was of 


twenty da: erynge [ erthe ar } x 
Henne, be pe pore 7 ee in ph ape 
for tyllage of lande, as the first earth .. first e styr- 
rin, 1573 lusser //usb xxxv. (1878) 84 Such lande as 
ye a BF barlie to sowe, two earthes at the least er 
ye sowe it bestowe. a 1813 Vancouver in A. Young Agric. 
Essex 1, 203 One or two deep clean ploughings is all that 
can .. be required..and one or both of these is, under 
certain circumstances, had better be dispensed with, 

2. The soil turned up by the plough on the edge 
of the furrow. 

1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. If the earths of the 
exits ace ont on taste edit tan teeeoua an Tae 

Earth (51p), v. Forms: a. Sc. and north. dial. 

Ccte 6 hy eee B. 6- earth. 

f. Earti sd.1; until 


sense; in Eng. writers only foet. or rhet., with a 
reference to the etymology.) Now only déa/. 
1375 Barnour Bruce xm. 666 And the laiff.. In-to 

pittes erdit war. ¢ 1435 Wyntoun Cron, 1x. xii. 7 

oure secound Kyng..Wes erdyde in Skone, quhare he lyes. 

1513 Douctas 4éneis v. ii. 12 reliquies and bonis in 

feir Of my divyne fadir we erdit heir. 1557 Tottedl's Misc. 

Though earthed be his os yet florish shall his 

Greene Maiden’s Dr. Wks. (1881-3) XIV. 316 

that be earthed 


(1659) I. If my : 
fidelity .» be glad to see them earthed before me. 


i 1 's sorrow. 
Paeate SON ite. "Soman Sex. a. Zoo Bot Lecce do 
and was wel 1875 Whitby Gloss, (E. D. S.) 
Earded, i to the earth; buried, 

2. To plunge or hide in the earth ; to cover with 
— ‘Also intr. (for refl.) Only poet. or rhetorical. 
A ; 


‘ 


EARTH-APPLE. 


' 8. Gardening. To heap the earth over (roots and 
stems of plants). Usually with a. 

1693 Sir R. Butkiey, Maize, in Phil. Trans. XVII. 939 
It must be ’d up with the Howe twice or thrice in 

rowing. 1719 Lonpon & Wise Comf/. Gard. 299 In dry 
Soils, you must Earth up a little our Artichoaks. 1796 
C. MarsHat. Garden. xv. (1813) 231 Earth up the plants 
frequently ..a little at a time, in order to blanch them. 
1881 WuiteHEAD Hops 8 ‘The plant centres being ‘ earthed’ 
or co over with a few shovels of earth. 

4. trans. To conceal in a hole or burrow. 

1619 J. Kinc Sev. 40 Beasts .. earthed in their thickets 
and bogges. 21635 Corser /ter Bor. 127 The cunning men, 
like moles, Dwelt not in howses, but were earth’t in holes. 

b. vefl. (In 17th c. often transf. and fig.) 

1609 Br. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 335 This wily 
Creature, fearing lest hee should bee taken by the .. sent, 
hath earth’d himselfe backe againe into the 92 page. 1656 
Artif. Handsomeness 137 He then retreats to this [strong- 
hold) of Scandal, and earths himself in this burrough. 1719 
D’Urrey Pidls 1V. 56 He Earths himself in Cellars deep. 

ec. intr. for refi. of the fox, etc.: To run to his 
earth; to hide in the earth. 

1622 Fretcuer Sfan. Curate u. i, They wil not die here, 
They will not Earth. 1634 Hreywoop Witches of Lance. 1. 
i. . 1874 IV. 172 Perhaps some Foxe had earth’d there. 
2733 Guardian No. 125 (1756) II. 163 Hence foxes earth’d, 
and wolves abhorr’d the day. c 1820 S. Rocrrs /taly (1852) 
188 Once again he earths, Slipping away to house with them 
beneath. 1882 Echo 20 Feb. 4/2 The vulp earthed at last, 
and had to be left for another day. 

5. trans. To drive (a fox, etc.) to his earth. 
Also fig. 

1575 Turserv. Bk. Venerie 239 We earth and digge a 
Bare erd, 1719 D’UrFey Pid/s II. 270 The vixen’s just now 
Earth’d. 1742 Younc N+. 7h. 1v. 96 The circling hunt, of 
noisy men.. Pursuing, and pursu’d, each other’s prey... Till 
death, that mighty hunter, earths them all. 1827 Blackw. 
Mag. XXI1. 272 The consciousness of having now fairly .. 
earthed the objects of this arduous search. 

6. intr. (See quot.) dial, 

1875 Parisu Sussex Gloss., Earth, to turn up the ground 
as a mole does. ; 

7. In Sugar-making. ence Earthed ffi. a. 
See quot., and cf. CLAYED. 

1727-52 Cuampers Cyc/. II. s.v. Sugar, Earthed Sugar is 
that which is whitened by means of earth laid on the top 
of the forms it is put in to purge itself. 

+ Earth-apple. Os. [f. Eartu sé.1] 

- In OE. ?A cucumber; also = glossarial L. 
mandragora. 

¢ 1000 AiLrric Num. xi. 5 Cucumeres bt synd eorpzeppla. 
¢1000— Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 136 Mandragora, eordeppel. 

2. = Sow-BREAD (? Cyclamen europeum). 

1601 Hottanp Pliny II. 300 Cankerous sores are cured 
with the root of Sowbread, which we call the earth-apple. 

3. ? The potato [transl. Fr. pomme de terre}. In 
mod, Dicts. 

Ea‘rth-board. [f. Earru sé1 (or perh. sd.2) 
+Boarp.] The mould-board of a plough. 

1649 Burne Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 190 The Shield- 
board, some call Breast-board, or Earth-board, or Furrow- 
board. 1765 Univ. Mag. XX XVII. 33/2 The plat, or earth- 
board, turned most of the carrots out of the ground. 1884 
Longm. Mag. Feb. 403 The ‘hardy rustic’ still goes into 
the woods and seeks for an elm .. for the earth-boards. 

Ea‘rth-born, ///. a. poet. or rhetorical. 

1. Born by emerging from the earth: applied 
e.g. to the Titans, to the offspring of the dragon's 
teeth of Cadmus, etc. Also = AUTOCHTHONOUS. 

1603 Knottes //ist. Turks (1638) 231 They had like the 
earth-borne brethren, wrought one anothers destruction. 
1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 403 Young turtles .. 
are seen bursting from the sand, as if earth-born. 1831 
CartyLte Mise. (1857) II. 324 Lessing still towers in the 
distance like an Earth-born Atlas. 1875 Jowetr Plato 
(ed. 2) ILI. 41 Cadmus and his earth-born men. 

2. Born on the earth; of earthly or mortal race, 
as opposed to angelic or divine. 

1667 Mitton P. L. tv. 360 Creatures of other mould, earth- 
born perhaps, Not Spirits. 1738 WEsLtey Psalms cxlvii. 11. 
vi, By all the Earth-born Race His Honours be express’d. 

b. ¢ransf. Of humble, as opposed to royal birth. 

1709 Ep. Smitu Phaedra & Hifpol. 1. ii. (1793) 594 Earth- 
born Lycon may ascend the throne. nig 

3. Of things: Produced by the earth; arising 
from the earth. 

1702 Rowe Tamerl. v.i, Behold the vain Effects of Earth- 
born Pride. 1810 Scorr Lady wv L.1. xi, Nor were these 
earth-born Castles bare. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel ix. 563 
‘Theserene depth of heaven. .undimmed. . by the black earth- 
born clouds, which roll so far below. 

+Ea‘rth-din. Oés. For forms see Eartu sé.1, 
Din ; in 4 Sc. erdine, erdinge. An earthquake. 

a 1079 O. E. Chron. an. 1060 On pisan gere wes micel eord- 
dyne. cx1ago Gen. § Ex. 1108 Oc siden loth wente ut of 
hine, brende it Shunder, sanc it erde-dine. 1300 Cursor 
A. 20499 An erth-din bar com pat scok All thinges. c1375 
Barsour Troy-bk, 1. 455 Scho walde horribile erdinge ger 
be, Ande hydwisly wp raise the see. ¢1375 — St. Marga- 
rete 590 Sone wes herde a fellone bere Of thonir and of 
erdine. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 141 Erthe qwake, or erbe dene 
[X. erdyn, or erde qwave, P. erthdyn]. 1483 Cath. Angé. 
117 An Erthe dyne, or an Erthe qvake, 

arthen (51p’n), a. Forms: 3 eorSen, erthin, 
4-5 erpen, 5 erpyn, (6 erdyn), 6— earthen. 
Also EartHErn. [app. not recorded in OE.; the 
normal form would be *exJen, WS. *ierpen, yrpen 
=OHG. zrdin, Goth. airpeins :—OTeut. *ixpino-z, 
f. expd Earvu; see -EN.] ; 


13 

1. Made or composed of earth. 

ax225 Ancr. R. 388 A lefdi was pet was mid hire uoan 
biset al abuten. . widinnen one eordene castle. @ 1300 C7'sor 
M. 27646 Pou man pat es in erth stad pat es noght bot an 
erthin gadd. c1440 Promp. Parv.141 Erpyn [written eryyn) 
or of the earth, terrenus. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) 11. xiv. 
286 The earthen floors we have in use in several parts of Eng- 
land..as hard as stone. 1807 G. CHatmers Caledonia 1. 11. 
ii. 243 A high earthen rampart. .running off, from a British 
fort. 1871 Patcrave Lyr. Poems 16 Pacing the earthen 
floor with solemn feet. 

b. Made of baked clay. 

1382 Wycur Yer, xix. 1 Go and tac the erthene litil wyne 
vessel of the crockere. 1481-90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1841) 
150 Item, for ij. erthen panys ijd. 1527 WS. Acc. R. Gibson 
Master of Revels, Itm, dew for iiij dosyn erdyn dishes, y® 
dosyn, iiiid. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 11. 536 The God of 
Wine, Whose Earthen Images adorn the Pine. 1725 Dr 
For Voy. round W. (1840) 102 Two hundred large earthen 
jars. 1800 tr. Lagrange’s Chem. 1. 233 A tubulated earthen 
or iron retort. 1875 Jowretr Plato (ed. 2) 1.66 The three 
measures of wine, or the earthen vessel which contains them. 

2. Said disparagingly of the human body, or of 
the world. Sometimes ¢vavsf. and fig. of conditions, 
qualities, etc. : Characteristic of the earth, merely 
material. Also in comb., as earthen-hearted. 

16.. Lever Prayer in Farr’s S. P. 523 Let thy holy eyes 
reflect Their influence upon my earthen state. 1633 EArt 
Mancu. Ad Mondo (1636) 174 Nor will he care who shuts 
up his earthen eyes, when death it selfe opens his soules 
eyes. 1656 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks, (1660) 68 The best part 
of this Earthen World is man. 1855 Browninc Grasm- 
marian’s Funeral, Yomake the heavenly period Perfect the 
earthen. 1870 LoweLt Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 211 
We know who is to be the guest of this earthen hospitality, 
—how much beauty, love, and heartbreak, are to be covered 
in that pit of clay. 1876 /é/d. Ser. 1. 15 Far froma man.. 
be so rash and earthen-hearted a humility. 

Earthen, v. vare—!. [f. Eanru sd. + -En.] 
intr. To turn into earth. 

1839 Battery Festus y. (1848) 39 While one so beautiful 
lies earthening here. 

Earthenware (5:1p'nweer). [f. Eartuen a. + 
Wake; until 19th c. often written as two words.] 
1. Vessels or other objects made of baked clay. 
1673 Ray Journ, Low C. 29 The Vown [Delft] is noted 
for good earthen Ware, as Stone-jugs, Pots, etc. 1727 Dr 
For Eng. Trades, xxvi. (1841) 1. 267 Earthenware from 
Stafford, Nottingham, and Kent. r792 Pil. Trans. 
LXXXII.270 When earthen ware is mentioned in this paper, 
the cream-coloured or queen’s ware is meant. 1879 J. J. 
Younc Ceram. Art 30 The manufacture of earthen-ware. 

b. In f/. Kinds of earthenware. 

1832 G, Porter Porcelain i. 19 Efforts. .for improving the 
quality of common earthenwares made in Staffordshire. 

2. The material of which such vessels are made. 

1799 Med. Frnl. 1. 295 Pour it into a jar of stone or earthen- 
ware, 31811 A. T. THomson Lond. Disp. (1818) Introd. 40 
A trough of earthen-ware, divided in its length by numerous 
partitions of the same material. 1873 Watts Fozunes’ Chem. 
388 Earthenware is made from a white secondary clay. 

3. attrib. and in comb., as earthenware vessel, 
-dealer, -man. 

1812 J. & H. Smitu Rey. Addr. v. (1873) 41 England is a 
large earthenware pipkin. 1813 Examiner 24 May 329/1 

- Downes, High Holborn, earthenwareman. 1868 Gro. 

tiot #. Holt 53 The light by which the minister was read- 
ing was a wax-candle in a white earthenware candlestick. 

Earthern a., corrupt form of EARTHEN. 

1726 Swirt Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 591 Your earthern vessel, 
provided it is close stopped, I allow to be a good succe- 
daneum. 1775 Apair Amer. Jud. 407 Beating also with a 
stick..on the top of an earthern pot covered with a wet and 
well-stretched deer-skin. 

Earthfast (Sipfast), @. [f. Earta sd.14+Fasr 
a.] Fixed in the ground ; cf. quot. 1869. 

cxo00 AiLFric Saints’ Lives xvii. (1885) I. 130 Sume men 
synd swa ablende pet hi bringad heora lac to eordfastum 
stane. 1868 G. SrepHens Runic Mon. I. 199 Norunic earth- 
fast monument of any kind .. has ever been found in any 
Saxon or German territory. 1869 R. B. Peacock Gloss. 
Lonsdale Dial., Earthfast, said of a stone appearing on 
the surface but fast in the earth. 188 tr. Nordenskidla’s 
Voy. Vega 1. ii. 97 A box..fixed to the ground with earth- 
fast stakes and cross-bars. 

+ Earth - e, -grith. Ods. rare. [f. 
Eartu 56.1; the correct form and the etymology of 
the second element are unknown.] An earthquake. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1810) 414 Poru out al Engelond so gret 


erpgrybe [v.”. heres, erbgrene, erpe dene, erpe den] ber 
com. /bid, 530 Erthgrine strong inou aboute Leinte, 


+ Ea‘rth-horn, ?nonce-wd. A contrivance said 
by Langtoft and his translator Robert of Brunne 
to have been used by the English at the battle of 
the Standard, in order to discomfit the Scots by 
terrifying their cattle with a subterraneous noise. 

Langtoft’s words are ‘Homme dist, tymmers Englays suz 
terre avayent.’ The original source seems to be the follow- 
ing: ‘Idem archiepiscopus [Thurstinus] .. fieri jussit in 
viis subterraneis quaedam instrumenta sonos_horribiles 
reddentia, quae Anglice dicuntur Petronces’ (Life of Abp. 
Thurstan in Raine Historians of Church of York 1. 266). 

1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 118 Yn ilk strete & way pei 
ordeynd an ere horn, id, Pis was at Kouton more, pat 
pe erbe hornes blewe Per be Scottis misfore. 

Earthiness (3‘spinés). [f. Earruy a. +-nxss.] 

1. The quality of being earthy; the properties 
characteristic of earth as a substance or as an 
“element’. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.xvu. nen = 685 Tame 
peres grene .. be soure; but in sethynge..wyth hony .. the 


EARTHLING. 


erthynesse .. therof maye be somwhat tempryd. 1678 R. 
R[ussett] Geber u.u. 1. x. 166 We find Bodies of more 
Earthiness of more easie Calcination. 1750 tr. Leonardus’ 
Mirr, Stones 18 Vhere is no stone but will, by reason of its 
earthiness, sink in water. 1870 Reape Put yourself in his 
Pi. Ul. 275 The water had a foul and appalling odour, a 
compound of earthiness and putrescence. 

+ b. concr. Earthy matter. Odés. 

1528 Paynett Salerne Regint. Biijb, Vhe moystnes therof 
[of fleme] is conieyled and some what altered to erthynes. 
1641 Frencu Dystild. i. (1651) 19 The Spirit. .ariseth. .with- 
out any earthinesse mixed with it. 1693 Evetyn De la 
Quint. Compl. Gard. 1, 124 Having a juice extremely sweet 
and sugred, leaving no Earthiness or Lees behind it. 

2. fig. = EARTHLINESS 1. 

i Watton Lives wv. 340 This dignity hath no such 
earthiness in it, but it may very well be joined with Heaven. 
1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps v. § 24. 161 Vhere is dreaming 
enough, and earthiness enough. .in human existence. 1864 
D. Mitcuett Sev. Stor. 265 The eyes are living eyes, but 
with no touch of earthiness. 

Earthing (Spin), vé/. sd. [f. Eantu v, + 
-ING1.]  Occas. attrib. 

+1. Burial. xorthern and Sc. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 1190 [Abel had] at his erthing [Gétt. 
birijng, 777. buryinge] all lede. 1375 Barsour Troy-Ch. 
11. 2054 Nocht lange eftir his erdinge..Egistus tuke to wyf 
Cletemistra. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) 1.86 Euerilk 
clan had .. ane commoun erding place. 

+b. The state of being buried. Ods, 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 18041 Pat stinkand lazarun fra vs Of his 
erding be thridd dai He losed him. 

2. The action of heaping (2) earth round a plant. 

1664 Evetyn Aad. Hort.(1729) 195 Several of which [vege- 
tables]..are most of them to be blanch’d by laying them 
under Littier, and earthing up. 1721-1800 BaiLey, Larthing 
is the covering of Trees, Plants, and Herbs with Earth. 
1862 Drtamer Avtch. Gard. 117 All that will be required 
after, besides these earthings, is a regular supply of air. 

+3. Anchorage. Ods. rare. 

1646 H. Lawrence Com. Angels 171 Our anchor casts 
deepe in heaven, where there is good earthing. 

. & The action of taking refuge in an ‘earth’ 
or burrow ; coucr. the earth or burrow itself. b. 
Driving an animal to its earth; perh. also used 
for UNEARTHING, 

1597 2vd Pt. Return Parnass. 1. Vv. 830 Do you meane at 
the vnkennelling, vntapezing, or earthing of the Fox? 1706 
Puiturs, Larthing, among Hunters, a Term us’d for a 
Badger’s lodging. 1741 Compé. amt-Piece u.i.295 Having 
found a Fox’s Earth, cause all his Holes you can find to be 
stopt..in order to prevent his Earthing. 1854 H. Mitten 
Sch. & Schme. (1858) 335 Our party .. had its dog .. and my 
companions were desirous of getting his earthing ability 
tested upon the badger of the establishment. 

+ Harthish, a. nonce-wd. [f. Eanvu sd.1 + 
-ISH.] = EartHy. 

1536 Tinpate Ex. Matt. Wks. 1849 II. 87 But an if thou 
wilt not come within the covenant of God..thou art bound 
by these words so fast that none. .can loose thee ; no, though 
our earthish god whisper all his absolutions over thee. 

Ea-rthite. xonce-wd. [f. Earn 561+ -17e.] An 
inhabitant of earth. 

1825 R. Ayton Ess. & Sk. Char. 210 We loyal earthites 
may be pleased to think so; but what may the moonites. . 
say to such a notion? 

Arable 


Earthland. [f Earru 50.2 +Lanp.] 
land. 

826 Chart. Ecgberhtin Cod. Dipl.V.84 Donon west for donx 
sealstub 03 Sat yrdland. cxooo Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 279 
Arua, yrpland. 1885 Archeol. Frnl. XLII. 271 That 
slight deposit of mud from the river which is at present im- 
perceptibly converting them from earthland into marsh. 

Ea‘rthless, a. zonce-wd. [f. Eartu 5b.1+ 
-LESS.] Unencumbered by earth (by the body). 

1817 Byron Mav/red ui. iv. 152 He’s gone—his soul has 
ta’en his earthless flight. 

Ea'rth-light. Astroz. The partial illumina- 
tion of the dark portion of the moon’s surface by 
light reflected from the earth ; = carth-shine, q.v. 
in Eartu sé.1 B, II. 

1833 Sir J. HERSCHEL Asfvon, vi. 223 It [the earth] then 
illuminates its [the moon’s] dark half by strong earth-light. 
1874 MoseE.ry Astron, xlvii. 150 In the conical shadow there 
is absolutely no light (except, perhaps, some little reflected 
from the earth called earthlight). 

Earthliness (51plinés). 
-NESS.] 

1. The quality of being earthly; the distinctive 
properties of terrestrial things; worldliness as 
opposed to heavendiness. 

1583 GoLpinc Calvin on Deut. cxcvi. 1215 When we.. 
worship him [God], wee imagine not any earthlinesse in him. 
r61r Cotcr., Terresterrité .. earthlinesse, worldlinesse. 
1665 WitHer Lord’s Prayer 107 They in whom the first 
natural Earthlyness and will, are predominant. 1813 SHEL- 
Ley Q. Mab i. (1853) 4 Each stain of earthliness Had passed 
away. x85: Hawruorne Twice-told T. 11. xiii. 211 For 
often there was an earthliness in his conceptions, 

2. = EarTHINEss 1. Ods. 

¢ 1535 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 920 The one is pure, 
separate of erthlynesse. 1594 Mirr. Pod. (1599) 178 If of an 
earthly substance wee would make fire, we must first purge 
and purifie it from the earthlinesse. 1641 Frencu Distiiv. 
v. (1651) 144 It is..the earthlinesse that is so nauseous. 
1642. Futter Holy § Prof. St. v. iv. 371 Vulturs are said 
to smell the earthlinesse of a dying corps. 


-+Earthling, 52.1 Ods. Forms: 1 yrpling, 
2 urpling, 8 earthling. [f. Earrn 56,2 + -L1ne.] 
A ploughman, cultivator of the soil. Perh. only 


[f. EarrHLy a. + 


EARTHLING. 
in OE.; quots. 1200 and 1714 merely give the 


OE. word in later spelling. 
¢ 1000 AELrric Collog. in Wr.-Wiilcker pb or aggro 
fett. axz00 Fragm. Alfric's Gloss. (1838) 2 rpling. 1734 
Fortescue-Atanp Fortescue’s Abs. & Lim. Mon. (the 
Anglo-Saxon] Eorthling, is a Husbandman, or Earthling. 

Earthling (S1plin), 53.2 [f. Eanrn sb. + 
~LING. 

1. An inhabitant of the earth. 

my, eagerne Christ's T.(1613) 124 Wee (of all earthlings) 
are vtmost subiects. ¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawt. Poems 
Wks. (1711) 31 Nature gaz’d on with such a curious eye, 
That earthlings oft her deem'd adeity. 1819 H. Busk Ves- 
triad 1. 176 Shall we..in absence be betray’d, Like puny 
earthlings by a faithless maid? 1839 Bawey Festus xxiil. 
(1848) 297 Behold this earthling standing by my side. 

One who is earthly in mind or disposition. 

1615 RowLanps Melanch. Knut. 35, 1 haue interiour ex- 
cellence that shines Beyond your ee gold and siluer 
mines. @x1652 J. Smitu Se/. Disc. v. 148 It is not gold or 
silver that the earthlings of this world seek after. 1866 
Acer Solit. Nat. § Man u. 59 The cold earthlings who 
form the various embodiments of selfishness. 

Earthly (5upli), a. For forms see Eartu 5d,! 
[f. Eartu 56.1 +-Ly1.] 

1. Pertaining to the earth, terrestrial. Chiefly 
and now almost exclusively with implied oppo- 
sition to heavenly. 

97: Blickl. Hom. 43 Pem wiberweardan beop pas mannes 
synna zecwemran ponne eal eorplic goldhord. cxo000 Ags. 
Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 29 Witodlice ic secze eow pet ic ne drince 
heonunford of pysum eorplican wine. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 
39 Pet pu luuie pine drihten ofer. .alle eordliche bing. @ 1200 
Moral Ode 155 in Trin. Coll. Hom. 224 ESlate him ware 
al wele and erdeliche blisse. a@1300 Cursor M. 1157 Hou 
suld ani erdli fless Duelle wid ps in sikirness. c 1320 Sir 
Beues 3344 Erpliche man semep he nou3t .. Boute a fend 
stolen out of helle. 1413 Lypc. Pylgr. Sowle 1. xxx. (1859) 
33 Man, of heuenly nature and erdely very partyner, knyt- 
teth to geders bothe heuen and erthe. 1526 Pilgr. aes 
(W. de W. 1531) 1 A pilgrym that entendeth to go to the 
erthly Jerusalem. 1600 Suaks. A. Y. LZ. v. iv. 115 Then is 
there mirth in heauen, When earthly things made eauen 
attone together. 1732 BerkeLey A lciphr. iv. § 23 Wks. 1871 
II. 171 This earthly globe is but a point in respect of the 
whole system of God’s creation. 1810 Scott Lady of L.u. 
xxxv, The pageant pomp of earthly man. 1877 MozLey 
Univ. Serm. i. 1 (The Church] has taken her own way in 
claiming earthly sovereignty. . 

b. Of or belonging to the material or lower 
elements of human nature. 

1850 Tennyson /a Mem. cxiv, For she [knowledge] is 
earthly of the mind. 1858 Ropertson Lec?. ii. 191 This in- 
fluence of the religious element of the imagination on the 
earthlier feeling. 

ce. As an emphatic expletive ; = ‘on earth’. 

1753 Stewart's Trial in Scots Mag. Mar. 132/2 What 
earthly purpose could the pannel serve by such a..piece 
of villany? 1868 Rocers Pol. Econ. iv. 37 If a man were 
alone on an island..the precious metals would be of no 
earthly use. 

d. Like or resembling the earth. rare. 

1836 Lytton A thens (1837) I. 304 Thales. .maintained the 
stars and sun to be earthly. : ; 

e. As quasi-sé. with pl. : A terrestrial being. rare. 

1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 177 Let all earthlies and 
celestials wait Upon thy royal state. 

+2. Existing or living in or on the ground. Oés. 

1593 Suaxs. 3 //en. V/,1. iii. 17 Richard cry’de..A Scep- 
ter, or an Earthly Sepulchre. 1658 Rowtanp Mou/fet's 
Theat. [ns. 1103 Some earthly Insects .. are bred in the 
earth, some in living creatures, : 

+3. Partaking of the nature of earth, resembling 
earth as a substance, consisting of earth as an ele- 
ment; =Eartuy. arch. or Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R.1w. xi. 96 Yf unkind melan- 
coly hath maystry..soure sauour and sharpe and erthly is 
felt in the mouth. ~ Turner Herbal (1568) 107 b, Penny 
ryall..is made of a fyrie substance with som burnt erthly 
part. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 111. xiv. 335 The roote is. .cove' 
with a thicke rinde or barke, of a browne earthly colour 
without. 1614 W. B. Philos. Banquet (ed. 2) 15 The gristles 
are..more earthly, drie, and hard, then Liguaments. 1644 
Prynne & Wacker Fiennes Trial App. 11 He said the 
mount .. was of an earthly substance ri acertaine depth, 
1660 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 64/2 The Creatures were 
first generated of Humidity, Calidity and Earthly Matter. 
1770 y epee in Phil. Trans. LX. 222 Metals and char- 
coal agree in consisting of phlogiston united to an earthly 
base. 2771 N. Nicnoits Corr. w. Gray (1843) 131 An earthly 
smell..exhaled by the sun from the loose and fer ng 


14 


1670 Eacuarp Cont. Ci man, 
and too much sighted into this lower world. 1608 Hizron 
Wks. 1. 749 Suy ithi mindednesse. 
1691 Noragis 
Earthly-mi 


ly-mindedness 
‘Tennyson Holy Grail 
beyond 


I never stra: 
rthly, adv. rare. [f. prec. adj.] = ‘In any 
. 4 . 5 
way on earth’, at all. 

1829 Scorr Rod Roy Introd. 36, I do not know earthly 
where to go or what to do. 

t+ Earth-mad. 0¢s. rare. [OE. corPmata 
‘vermis’ in Corpus Gloss. for eorpmapa, f. eorpe, 
Eartu sb.1+ mapa MatHE.] An earthworm. 

1601 Hottann Pliny 1. 334 earth-mads and all the 
sort of worms & grubs, are without eies. 

Ea‘rth-nut. Also 6 ernut(e. 

1. The roundish tuber of an umbelliferous plant 
(Bunium flexuosum, including B. Bulbocastanum), 
called also Earth-chestnut and Pig-nut. 

_ 875 Charterin Cod. Dipl. 111. 399 (Bosw.) Of Sam cumbe 
in eorpnutena born. 1551 Turner Herda/ 1. D iij b, Apios is 
called also Chamebalanos in greke .. and the same semeth 
to me to be called in Englishe, an ernut, or an erthnut. 
1597 Gerarp Herbal 1. coccxxxi. (1633) 1064 Earth nut, 

Harth chest nut, or Kipper nut. Lig | Brapiey Fam. 
Dict. WU. s.v. Sallet, Earth-Nuts, when the Rind is pared 
off, are eaten raw by Country People. os Task 
v. 90 Daws forsake the fields, ere neit grub.. nor 
earth-nut..Repaystheirlabour. 1879 Jerreries Wild Life 
in S.C, 331 The earth-nut, pig-nut, or ground-nut, as it is 
variously called. 

2. Applied variously to other plants, as the 
truffle ( Zuber), the ARacHIS, the Q@nanthe pim- 
pinelloides, and the Heath Pea (Lathyrus macror- 
rhizus). 

1548 Turner Names of Herbes (1881) 17 Astragalus. .ma‘ 
be called in english peaserthnut. 1644 Everyn Mem. (1857) 
I, 83 A dish of Truffles, which is a certain earth-nut. 1713 
Petiver in PAil. Trans. XXVIII. 62 Four leaved Earth- 
Nut. 1725 Braptey Kam. Dict., Gesse, a plant of which 
there are two sorts, one .. cultivated .. and the other the 
wild one in Latin Chamzlalanus, called + some Earth-Nut. 
a 1854 Phytologist III. 260 (Britten) Znanthe pimpinel- 
loides, L. The children eat the tubercles under the name of 


earth-nuts. 
[f Earta 56.1 + 


Earthquake (5upkwéik). 

UAKE sb. 

. A shaking of the ground; usually sfec. a con- 
vulsion of the earth’s surface produced by volcanic 
or similar forces within the crust. 

1340 Cursor M. 20499 (Trin.) An erpequake [v.7. erth- 
din] coom pat shoke alle pinge. 1382 Pot. Poems (1859) 1. 
252 The tilens, and the eorthe-qwake, Theose. .thinges 
Beoth tokenes. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 305 As 
thro an erthe qwake. 1513 Doucias eis vu. iv. 131 By 
fors of thunder or erdquayk wyth a clap. 1583 STANy- 
HuRST nets i. (Arb.) 73 Thee doors, thee laurel, thee 
mount with terribil earth quake Doo totter shiuering. 1635 
N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. ix. 156 After an Earth-quake 
many new springs. .discouered themselues. 1719 De For 
Crusoe 1. 91, I plainly saw it was a terrible Earthquake, for 
the Ground I stood on shook three times at about eight 
Minutes distance. 1821 SHeLtey Hedlas 5 All its banded 
anarchs fled, Like vultures frighted . . Before an earthquake’s 
tread. 1864 0. ¥rnl. Science 1. 57 An Earthquake .. is the 
transit of a wave or waves of elastic compression in any 
direction. .through the substance and surface of the Earth, 
from any centre of impulse. 

b. fig. 

1641 Mitton A nimady, (1851) 188 Whosoever. .so earnestly 
labours to keep such an incumbring surcharge of earthly 
things, cannot but have an earth-quake still in his bones. 
1662 Futter Worthies (1840) ILI. 310 In this age, wherein 
there is an earthquake of ancient hospitals. 1835 L. Hunt 
Capt. Sword a. Wilk See where comes the rier” 09 
again, Visible earthquake. 1868 Bricut in Star 1 are, 
This social and political earthquake under which Ire 
heaving. 

attrib, 1814 Byron Ode Nafoleon 30 The earthquake 
voice of Victory. 

2. Comb. a. attrib., as earthquake-fiend, -gown, 
-pendulum-microphone, -shock, ~voice, -wave. 

18ar Suettey Prometh. Und. 1. 38 The *Earthquake-fiends 
ed To wrench the rivets from my quivering wounds. 
1750 H. Watpotr Let, Sir H, Mann 2 Apr., Several women 
have made “earthquake gowns, that is, warm gowns to sit 
out of doors all to-ni; fan earthquake having been pre- 

VI. 220 For the study of. .seismo- 


arec 


mould. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlvi. (1856) 423 No 
earthly covering masks the grinning rocks of Proven. 
+b. Pale or lifeless as . Obs. 

1588 Suaxs. 7i¢, A. u. iii. 229 A precious Ring .. Doth 

shine vpon the dead mans earthly cheekes. 
te. fig. Stolid, dull; cf. airy, fery. ? nonce-use. 

1662 FULLER Worthies (1840) III. 394 Nor so airy [English 
horses] as the Spanish gennets..nor so earthly as those in 
the Low Countries. 

+4. Made of earth or baked clay; = EARTHEN. 
rare and doubtful. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Erthly (P. or of erthe made], ter- 
venus, terrestris, 1533 Frivn Anoth. Bk. agst. Rastell 333 
We have this. .treasure in frail, brittle, and earthly 

5. Comb. Barthly-minded a., ha’ the affec- 
tions fixed on the earth, worldly-minded ; whence 

- mindedness. Earthly - wise adv. 
(monce-wd.), in an earthly manner. 

1593 Hooxer Zecl. Pol. 1. xi. Ges) 35 To be earthly 
minded men. a1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. Spirit (1867) 7 
An earthly fulness, which .. the children of this world, or 
earthly-minded men, do affect and set their hearts upon, 


dicted). 1882 Nature 
logical of the earth’s crust as revealed by the 
microphone. . Dr.A. V.G. Mocenigo. .has devised an “earth- 
ke-pendul icroph 1878 HuxLey Physiogr. 188 
*Earthquake-shocks are happily of rare occurrence in this 
country. /éid. An “earth ve is a vib of the 
solid crust of the earth, : . 
b. instrumental, as carthquake-rifted, -ruined, 
-shaken, -swallowed adjs. 

1819 SHettey Prometh, Und. 1, New fire From “earth- 
quake-rifted mountains of bright snow Shook its portentous 
hair. /éid. u. iv, The lurid smoke Of *earthquake-ruined 
cities. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x. iv. 240 Silent vil- 
lages, *earthquake-shaken, gleam in white ruin. 1839 Baitey 
Festus ix. (1848) 102 *Earthquake-s cities. 

Earth-quakes. dia/. [f. Eartu sd.1+stem 
of QuaKE v.] ‘A species o -grass com- 
mon in England’ (7reas. Bot.). f 

1884 Miter Plant-N., Earthquakes, Brisa media, 

Borie , vol, sb. [f. EARTHQUAKE + 
-ING!; in first quot. f. EarTu sd.1 + QuakinG.] 

+ a. = EarTHQuakk (ods.). b. The occurrence 
of earthquakes. ¢, attri. F 


q 


EARTHY. 


c Maunpev. viii. 84 When the Jewes hadden made 
the ’ Eathe i I 
Pali MABE Ane te pekengssnd conte es 


Earthq uaking a. [f Earrn sbl + 
QvuaKING ;_ also oe avaes +-Inc?.] a. 
Causing the earth toshake. Also fig. ‘]b. Sub- 


uakes. ~ 
G Menaphon (Arb. — his earth- 
Ra so oie 1820 SHELLEY Wie aa xiii, earth- 


ject to earthq' 
king shocks Whirlwinds rave around 
which 


Illust, Lond. ‘ G 
eae ry deal in cankgenting kaa pialmiers 
+ uave. Obs. [f. Eartu sb.1+ Quave 
sb] = preety 


with an erth quaue. 1540-1 Exyor / 
Where diuerse citees by earthe quaues 
therewith defourmed. 

Ea-rth-ridge. [f. Eant sé.2 or 1.] See quot. 

Xr Marsnatt Rural Econ. W. Eng. 158 es 
are formed in the field, either with mold hacked from the 
borders of it, or with the soil of the area raised with the 
plow. 1848 Havuiwe.., Zarth-ridge, a few feet of earth 
round a field which is ploughed up to the hedges, 

+Ea‘rth-tiller. Oés. [f. Earrs sd.1+ Titter.] 
A cultivator of the soil. So in OE. and ME. Erthe- 
tilie, -tilye [see T1L1E]. 

c1000 AELrric Gen. iv, 2 Abel was sceaphyrde, and Cain 
eorpatilia. c 1205 Lay. 22107 He hahte .. pa eorde-tilien 
[12g0 erbe-tilies] teon to heore craften. ¢ 1325 Chron. m4 
93 in Ritson Metr. Nom. 11. 274 Bruyt hade muche fo! 
with him. . That were erthe-tilyes gode. 1382 Wycuir Matt. 
xxi. 34 He sente his seruantis to the erthe tiliers, that they 
token fruytis of it. 16rz Davies Why /reland, §c. (3747) 
190 Over that 4d. or 6d. daily to every one of them to 
had and paid of the re earth-tillers, 1674 N. Farrrax 
Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., Off-cast words in the mouths of 
Handy-crafts-men and Earth-tillers. 

+ Earth-tilth. Ods. [f. Eartu sd.1+ Tirn.] 
Cultivation of the soil, agriculture. Hence + Barth- 
tilther = EaRTH-TILLER. 

cxo00 ELrric Collog. in Wr.-Wiilcker 99 Eorptilp, agri- 
cultura. 1388 Wycur Ecclus. vii. 16 Haate thou not trauel- 
ouse werkis, and erthetilthe maad of the rer 1398 
Trevisa Barth. De P.R.xvu. cl1xxx. (1495) 720 tylthers 
and kepers of vynes. 

Earthward (5:1pwaid), adv. and adj. 

A. adv. Towards the earth. Also fig. 

—_ Gesta Rom. xc. 413 (Add. MS.) The Fadre loked to 
the Erthward, and fownde a peny. = Jenxyn Remora 
28 Shall we run with the swiftnes of the Roe earthward, and 
5S a dull Asses trot heavenward? 1880 Daily Tel. 4 Nov., 

‘he. .outpourings of smoke. .sink earthward. 

B. as adj. 
1870 M. D. Conway (¢it/e), The Earthward Pilgrimage. 


+ Ea-rth-ware, si. f/. Obs. [OE. eorPware, f. 
corpe, Eantu sb. + -ware, as in heofonware heaven- 
dwellers, durhware, etc.] Earth-dwellers. 

¢ 893 K. AELrrep Ores. m1, v. § 5 Crist..sibb is heofonwara 
and eordwara. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 139 Sunne dei blissed 
to-gederes houeneware and horde ware. azaag Ancr. R. 
322 Al pe wide ware and ware. 

Earthwork (51pwirk). [f Eartn 5.1 + 
Work sé.] A bank or mound of earth used as a 
rampart or fortification. Not in 18th c. Dicts. 

1633 T. Starrorp Pac. Hid, xv. (1821) 385 The Enemy had 
round sufficient. .to cast up new Earth workes. 1830 Lyet 

inc. Geol, 1. 278 The ins of an h 
.. This earth-work was evidently once of considerable ex- 
tent. 200 Kinutane Crémen(st77) L11- 1 peo The Baectans 
had thrown up strong earthworks on the banks of the river. 

Earthworm (51pwim). [f. Earta sé.1+ 
Worm.) 

1. A worm that lives in the ground, esf. an in- 
dividual of the : Lumbricus. . 

4. Dict, Lombri: an eat 
akg oem tm Msoa? Gunn Selinus Wks. 1681-3 XIV. 
220 We, like earth wormes lurking in the weeds, Do liue 
aoates in all mens yee i INCY ae fs Disp. 24 
Earth- are often us'd in compositions 
cleansing the Viscera, Owen Comp, Anat. (ed. 2) xi. 
228 Thes J ctohilem lids) i jude the earth 

2. fig. a. As a disparaging designation for a 
human being, esf. a mean or grovelling person. 
b. With allusion to the ‘worm’ in the grave. oi 
+2 1s 


nature .. in 


Earth y [f. Earra 56.1 +4-¥.] 

(S api), a. [f. A + -¥. 

1. Of i tances t 

of earth or soil; having the characteristic proper- 
ties of earth ; resem! earth in some specific 
property. Of minerals: Without lustre, friable, 
and rough to the touch; also, containing impuri- 


F 
z 
aw 
g 
4 
5 


EARTHY. 


ties of the nature of earth, as in Zarthy Cobalt, | 
Hematite, Manganese, etc. 

1667 Bove Orig. Formes 4 fen The Earthy powder, 
I obtain’d from already distill’d Rain water. 1695 Woop- 
warp Nat, Hist. Earth (J.) All water ..is .. stored with 

light in parison of the mineral earthy 
matter. 1797 M. Batu Mord. Anat. (1807) 284 The kid- 
neys have been said to be converted into an earthy sub- 
stance, 1843 Porttock Geod. 225 Earthy Hematite is found 
at Bardahessigh. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. I. 

3 An excess of vegetable matter is .. to be remedied by 
the application of earthy materials. 1863-82 Watts Dic?. 
Chem. I11. 814 Earthy Cobalt is a wad in which oxide of 
cobalt sometimes occurs to the amount of 33 percent. 1877 
Green Phys. Geol. ii. § 5. 46 Crystalline rocks occasionally 
put on a loose friable form and are then said to be earthy. 

b. Of qualities, etc.: Characteristic of earth. 
So earthy taste, smell, colour. Earthy fracture: 
see quot. 1817. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. u. ix. (Arb.) 131 The skyn is 
of earthy coloure. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 387 All sweet Smells 
have joyned with them some Earthy or Crude Odors. 1817 
R. Jameson Char. Min. 235 When the fracture surface shews 
a great number of very small elevations and depressions, 
which make it appear rough, it is called earthy. 1839 T. 
THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 508 An earthy fracture. 1840 
R. Dana Bef. Mast xxxv. 133 The crispness of the raw 
onion, with the earthy taste. : 

¢e. Consisting of earth (said of the ground; cf. 
sandy), or of material resembling earth. Said 
Jig. of the human body, esp. of a dead body. 

@ 1586 Sipney Ps. xcvi, Starry roofe, and earthy floore. 

1593 Suaks. Rich. //, v.i. 219 And soone lye Richard in an 

rthie Pit, 1593 — 2 Hex. V/, m1. ii. 147 His dead and 
earthy Image. a1652 J. Smitn Sed. Disc. viii. 380 The soul 
must be wholly dissolved from this earthy body in which it 
issodeeply immersed. 1854 Hooker Himadl. Frnis. 1. ii. 46 
The. .egg-like earthy chrysalis of the Sphynx Atropos. 

“| humorously. 

4 Dickens S&, Boz (1877) 69 A damp earthy child. 

+2. Having the properties of the ‘element’ 
earth, as distinguished from those of fire, air, or 
water ; heavy, gross. So earthy vapour. Obs. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 390 When they [flowers] are Crushed, 
the Grosser and more Earthy Spirit cometh out with 
the Finer and troubleth it. 1641 Witkins Math. Magic 
(J.) Lamps are infl d by the admission of new air, when 
the sepulchres are opened, as we see in fat earthy vapours. 
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 76 The Clouds are attracted 
out of moist and watry, and also earthy Vapours 

b. fig. Grossly material, coarse, dull, unrefined. 
Sometimes with mixture of 1. 

1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 65 The sense of 
touching. .is most earthy of all the rest. 1610 SHaks. Temp. 
1, ii. 273 Thou wast a Spirit too delicate To act her earthy, 
and abhor’ d commands. 1665 Boyte Occas. Ref. w. ii. 
(1675) 176 Men whom. .he was wont to undervalue, as being 
far more Earthy than himself. 1856 Emerson Exg. Traits 
xiv. Literature Wks. (Bohn) II. 103 They [the English] 
delight in strong earthy expressions .. coarsely true to the 
human body. 1868 Netriesuir Browning ii. 74 The dumb 
striving of a humanity prisoned in too earthy a chamber. 

3. Chem. Pertaining to the class of substances 
technically called ‘earths’, or to one of those sub- 
stances; in mod. use, pertaining to the class of 
metallic oxides so designated. + Also quasi-sé. 

1718 Quincy Compl. Disp, 10 The Particles of Sal Alcali 
do consist of earthy and acid united together. 1794 SuLLI- 
van View Nat. I. 135 Bodies have been divided into six 

1 , saline, infl ble, metallic, earthy, watery, and 
aerial. 1805 W. Saunpers Min. Waters 40 Sulphat of Lime 
..is one o 


the commonest of all the — salts that are 
found in natural et 1809 Med, Frni. XX1. 475 Earthy 
carbonates. 1863-82 Wa: 


trs Dict. Chem. 11. 360 Baryta, 
strontia, and lime. .are sometimes designated earthy alkalis. 
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Eastbourne. ‘Thereis an earthy spring 
here of little moment. 

4. Pertaining to the ground, or to what is below 
the ground ; dwelling inside the earth ; resembling 
a place underground. 

1665 DrypEeNn /ndian Emp. 1. i. Wks. (1821) II. 313 Those 
earthy spirits black and envious are. 1794 SULLIVAN View 
Nat. 11. 106 Beneath the earthy surface of the globe, we 
shall be able to trace its levelling and its dreadful energy. 
1848 Dickens Domébey (C. D. ed.) 36 Little Paul might have 
asked with Hamlet ‘into my grave?’ so chill and earthy 
was the place. 

+5. Pertaining to the earth in its geographical 
or astronomical aspect. Ods. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu. v. (1495) 443 The ryuer 
Gyon hyghte Nilus. .and is — the joynynge of the erthe, 
other erthy. 1640 Witkins New Planet u. (1684) 115 The 
gravity and magnitude of this Earthy Globe, do make it 
altogether unfit for so swift a Motion, 1721-1800 Baitey, 
Earthy Triplicity [in Astrology], the Signs Taurus, Virgo 
and Capricorn. 

6. Dwelling or existing on the earth; character- 
istic of earthly as opposed to heavenly existence. 
Now only with a mixture of sense 1, Ic, or 2b, 
as in the Biblical phrase of the earth, earthy. 
Hence comb., earthy-minded. 

1595 SHAKS. YoAn ut. i, 147 What earthie name to Interro- 
_— Can task the free breath of a sacred King? 1609 

MAN End of Learn. in Farr’s S. P. (1848) 253 Leta 
scholar all earthy volumes carrie, He will be but a walking 
dicionarie. 1615 — Odyss. vil. 290 The impious race Of 
earthy giants, that would heaven outface. @ 1658 CLEVELAND 
Gen. Poems (1677) 167 O that in this case we were Earthy- 
minded. 1667 Mitton P. L. iv. 583 If Spirit of other sort 
--have oreleapt these earthie bounds. Norris /iero- 


cles 19 As ma to dwell and converse upon the Earth, and 
inform earthy bodies, 1829 H. NeeLe Lit, Rem. 45 The 


15 


latter ere age is of the earth, Locke & 1869 Sat. Rev. 
13 Feb. 219 The. .muse Urania is almost his only patroness ; 
from her eight earthier sisters he gets hardly any assistance. 

Ea‘r-tru:‘mpet. An apparatus in the form of 
a straight or convoluted conoidal tube, used by 
persons somewhat deaf, to enable them to hear 
more distinctly. 

1776 Burney /ist. Mus. 1. 184 Perhaps Asclepiades was 
the inventor of the acousticon, or ear-trumpet. 1823 Byron 
Juan x. xxxiv, The ear-trumpet of my good old aunt. 

Eartu, obs. f. art thou: see BE v., and THou. 

Harun, obs. form of ave: see BE v. 

Ea‘r-wax. [f. Ear sé.1] A viscid secretion 

which collects in the external meatus of the ear. 
_ 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. v. (1495) 606 Eere wexe 
is put thereto to make it [aloes wood] somdeale bytter and 
redde, 1519 Horman Vlg. 27 b, Earewaxe doth stop the 
entrynge from small bestis. 1573 Art of Limming 2 If there 
stand any belles uppon the sise, put in eare waxe, for it 
ys a remedy therefore. 1614 T. Apams in Spurgeon 7veas. 
Dav. Ps, xxvi. 10 Far be from our souls. . that the ear. .should 
be stopped with the earwax of partiality. 1791 E. Darwin 
Bot. Gard. . 20 note, The ear-wax in animals seems to be in 
part designed to prevent insects from getting into their 
ears. 1 Quan Anat. (ed. 8) II. 631 The cerumen or 
ear-wax is secreted by these glands. 

Earwig (ierwig). Forms: 1, 2 earwicga, 
(1 eorwicga), 5 erwyge, 3erwigge, erewygge, 
6 erwygge, (herewigge), 6-7 earwigge, 7 ear- 
wick, earewigg, 6- earwig. [OE. darwicga, f. 
éar-e, EAR 5b.1 + OE. wicga earwig ; cf. WIGGLE v. 
to wriggle. See also ARWyGyLL, Cf. Fr. perce- 
oretlle, Ger. ohr-wurm.] 

1. An insect, Forficula auricularia, so called 
from the notion that it penetrates into the head 
through the ear. 

crooo AitFric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 122 Blatta, eor- 
wicga. c1o0o Sax. Leechd. II. 44 Wip earwicgan, zenim 
7% micle greate windel streaw twyecze..ceop on pet eare 

e bid of sona. 14.. Voc. Harl. MS. 1002 in Promp. 
Parv. 143 note, Auriolus, a 3erwigge. c14s50 ALS. Sloane 
4. 80 in NV. & Q. ut. VI. 4 Y° blacke flye, ye erwyge, y* 
old waspys. 1547 Satessury Welsh Dict., Pryf klustioc, 
an erwygge. 160r Hottanp Péiny 11. 300 If an earwig.. 
be gotten into the eare. .spit into the same, and it will come 
forth anon. a 1643 W. Cartwricur Poems (1651) (N.) I’m 
afraid ’Tis with one worm, one earwick overlaid. 1727 Swirr 
To Young Lady, To fall into fits at the sight of a spider, an 
earwig or a frog. a@1845 Hoop Tale of Trumpet ix, No 
verbal message was worth a pin, Though you hired an ear- 
wig to carry it in! : 

*| Perhaps with a pun on heretic. 

1563 Foxe A. § MM. (1631) III. xii. 988/2 He was onceat the 
burning of an Herewigge (for so hee termed it) at Uxbridge. 

+ 2. fig. An ear whisperer, flatterer, parasite. 

1633 Forp Broken H.u. i, That gawdy earwig, or my lord 
your patron, Whose pensioner you are. 1688 Pol. Ballads 
(1860) I. 260 Court earwigs banish from your ears. 1758 
Herald 11. 46 The earwigs of royalty. .will not hereafter be 
suffered to mislead majesty by whispering, etc. 

3. Comd., as + earwig-brain, one who has a 
‘ maggot’ or craze in his brain. 

1599 NasHe Lent. Stuffe 74 Eight score more galliard 
cross-points, and kickshiwins| es, of giddy ear-wig brains. 

Earwig (iv1wig), v. [f. the sb.] 

1. a. To pester with private importunities or 
admonitions. b. To influence, bias (a person) by 
secret communications; to insinuate oneself into 
the confidence of (a person). 

1837 Marryat Dog-fiend (L.), He was so sure to be ear- 
wigged in private that what he heard or said openly went 
for little. 1839 Dickens O, Twist (1850) 251/2 Suppose he 
was to do all this .. not grabbed, trapped, tried, earwigged 
by the parson .. but of his own fancy. 1839 Blackw. Mag. 

LV. 767 Each secretary of state is earwigged by a knot 
of sturdy beggars. 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Ear- 
wigging, es an officer's ear with scandal against an 
absent individual. ; 

2. in pa. pple. ? Having a ‘maggot’ or craze in 
one’s brain. momce-zse. 

1880 Browninc Pietro 340 The people clamour, Hold their 
peace, now fight, now fondle, earwigged through the brains. 


Earwiggy (ie1wigi), a. [f. Earwie sd. +-y.] 
a. inaenet by earwigs. b. Resembling an ear- 
wig. Hence Ea‘rwi:gginess. 

1870 Miss Broucuton Red as Rose 1. 82 A seat..‘ I don’t 
fancy it..it looks earwiggy’. _ 1865 Masson Rec. Brit. 
Philos. iv. 388 There was an inherent dogginess or ear- 
wigginess in the given kind of associable feelings. 

Earwise (ie1woiz), adv. rare. [see -wisE.] 

1. After the manner of an ear of corn. [Ear sd.1] 

1783 BrapLey Fam. Dict. Il. s.v. Mint, The Great Mint 
PY) leaves like Sage .. with a good Number of Stems at 
the End of which it produces Flowers growing Ear-wise. 

2. By means of the ear; auricularly. [Ear a 

1835 T. Hoox G. Gurney (1850) I. vii. 123 Although 
took the advice earwise, I did not act upon it. 

Ear-witness. [f. Ear sé.1] A person who 
testifies, or is able to testify, to something on the 
evidence of his own hearing. ds 

I Hooker £ccl. Pol. v. 257 All which are present 
tee. made eare-witnesses. 1636 Hearey Efictetus’ Man. 
lxix. 89 Let not... the vulgar bee eare-witnesses of thy 
words, but eye-witnesses of thy workes. 1734 tr. Rollin's 
Anc, Hist. (1827) I. 1. § 1. 181 Strabo himself was an ear- 
witness of this. 1850 Grote Greece u. Ixiv. VIII. 269 The 
last words of these drowning men reported by an ear-witness. 
1870 Bowen Logic xiii. 433 The Testimony of eye- and ear- 
‘witnesses, 


EASE. 


+ Eary, 2. Obs. In6earie. [f. Eansd.2+-y.] 
Of the nature or appearance of an ear (of corn). 

1578 Lyte Dodoens u. xviii, 168 His spikie tuftes, or 
earie floures are greater, longer and fuller. 

Easalon, var. of ESALON, a small buzzard. 

Ease (7z), sb. Forms: 3 eaise, ays, esse, (4 
hess, hayse), 3-4 eise, ais, 3-6 es(e, 4 ess, eyss, 
4-5 eyse, ayse, 5 aiese, (hesse), 6 eas, (.S¢.) 
eais, eis, 4- ease. [a. OF. ezse, azse (mod. azse) 
fem., cogn. w. Pr. azs, It. agio (formerly also asio), 
Pg. azo masc. ; late L. type *asta, *astum, of un- 
certain origin. 

The earliest senses of Fr. azse appear to be: 1. elbow- 
room (‘espace libre aux cétés de quelqu’un’, A. Darmesteter, 
from Heb.-Fr. gloss 11th c.); 2. opportunity. It has been 
suggested by Bugge that *asia, *astum may be f. dsa,a 
recorded vulgar form of L. ansa handle, used fig. in sense 
‘opportunity, occasion’. With reference to the sense ‘elbow- 
room’ it is remarked that amsdtus ‘furnished with handles’ 
is used in Lat. for ‘having the arms a-kimbo’. This is not 
very satisfactory, but it does not appear that any equally 
plausible alternative has yet been proposed. Connexion 
with Eatu is impossible. ] 

+ I. 1. Opportunity, means or ability to do some- 
thing (cf. Easy a. 1). 

a 1225 Ancr. R, 288 3if ber were eise uorto fulfullen be 
dede. c1230 Hadi Meid. 17 Man seid pat eise maked peof. 
a 1500 Life St. Katherine (Halliwell 1848) 2 The riche come 
..and broghte with them ryches moche, And the pore come 
also And after there ese broght tho. 

II. Comfort, absence of pain or trouble. 

2. Comfort, convenience ; formerly also, advan- 
tage, profit, and in stronger sense, pleasure, enjoy- 
ment. Zo take one’s ease: to make oneself com- 
fortable. + Zo do (a person) ease: to give pleasure 
or assistance to. + 70 be (a person's) ease: to be 
pleasing, convenient, advantageous. 

a1228 Ancr. R. 114 Grucched 3if heo naued nout oder 
mete oder drunch efter hire eaise. c1230 Hadi Meid. 28 
I-se swote eise widute swuch trubuil. a@1300 Cursor J. 
22773 Werldis worschip. .siluer and gold and esse [/. ese, C. 
es, Edind, ais] of lijf. 1375 Barsour Bruce m1. 623 Bot mycht 
nane eyss let hyr to think On the king, that sa sar wes stad. 
1393 Gower Conf. III. 35 The woundes of his malady They 
{z. e. the hounds] licken for to done him ese. 1398 TREVISA 
Barth, De P. R. xvi. xlvi. (1495) 807 Them that liue dely- 
cately and in ease and reste. c1400 Cato’s Mor. 199 in 
Cursor M. p.1672 Quen pou art in gode ese . ou bink on mis- 
ese. c1400 Rom. Rose 7500 We wolden, if it were your ese 
..A short sermon unto you seyne. c 1440 Gesta Rom. |xx. 
386 (Add. MS.), I wil neber selle it .. for the aiese that it 
dothe me. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. I//, xxviii. Preamb., His 
Highnes is not mynded for the eas of his subgiectes .. of 
longe tyme to calle..a newe parliament. 1523 Lp. Ber- 
ners Frotss. I, cccxcvii. 686 It was nat his ease to come 
to Tourney as at that tyme. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 
653 He levis weill that levis into eis. @ tgs Latimer Wes. 
1845 II. 479 Latimer :—‘ Good master Prolocutor, do not 
exact that of me which is not in me.’ Prolocutor :—‘Take 
your ease.” Latimer :—‘I thank you, sir, 1 am well.’ 1602 
Suaks. Ham. 1. i. 131 Any good thing .. That may to thee 
do ease; and grace to me. 1651 Hoppes Leviath, 11. xxx. 
184 The ease, and benefit the Subjects may enjoy. 1762- 
7x H. Watrote Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 234 
The General could not live in it to his ease. 1825 T. JEr- 
FERSON A xtobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 4 The portion which came 
..to Mrs. Jefferson..doubled the ease of our circumstances. 
1841-4 Emerson Ess. Manners Wks. (Bohn) I, 205 The 
popular notion [of a gentleman] certainly adds a condition 
of ease and fortune. 1870 HawrHorne Eng. Note-dbks. 
(1879) II. 217 The occasional ease of rustic seats. 

+b. concr. A convenience, gratification, luxury. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 38 Idelnesse .. secheth eses many 
foldc: 1484-5 Caxton Curial 3b, Noman preyseth ynough 
the ayses that he hath in hys pryuate and propre hous. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 81 She can cause her prelate 
to dispence with her to haue suche pleasures & eases. 
1629 PARKINSON Paradis? in sole (1656) 5 A Fountain in the 
midst..to serve as an ease to water the nearest parts there- 
unto. @163r Donne Serm. xxxix. 384 Uriah..refused to 
take the Eases of his own house. 

3. Absence of pain or discomfort ; freedom from 
annoyance. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 
ide nihte, and eise i 


8 Nis he a kang knit pet seched reste 
place? a1300 Havelok 59 Panne was 
engelond at hayse. 1597 Mortry /utrod. Mus. 55, I wish 
ou such contentment of minde, and ease of bodie. 1657 
x Purcuas Pol, Flying Ins. 276 There were more ease in 
a nest of Hornets, then under this one torture. 1711 STEELE 
Spect. No. 80? 1 They now no lenge majored the Ease of 
ind and pleasing Indolence in which they were formerly 
happy. 1750 Jonnson Ramél. No. 85 4 Ease, a neutral 
state between pain & pleasure. 1792 Burke Corr. (1844) 
IV. x The horrid scenes .. hardly leave one ease enough of 
heart or clearness of head to put down any thing. .on paper 
to you. 1863 Gro. Exiot Romola_u. ii. (1880) II. 16 He 
wanted a little ease..after the agitation and exertions of 
the day. . 

4. Absence of painful effort ; freedom from the 
burden of toil; leisure ; in bad sense, idleness, sloth. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 110 He loveth ese, he loveth rest, 
So he is nought the worthiest. cx1440 Promp. Parv. 143 
Ese, or reste, guies. 1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 138 
Ease breedeth vice. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 184 The 
Sire of Gods and Men .. Forbids our Plenty to be bought 
with Ease. 1871 R. Extis Catudlus li. 15 Ease hath en- 
tomb’d princes of old renown and Cities of honour. | ‘ 

b. Facility as opposed to difficulty. Chiefly in 
phrase, with ease. 

1610 SHAKS. Teng. mt. i. 30, I should do it With much 
more ease. 1 RYDEN Virg. Georg. 1v. 137 With ease 
distinguish’d is the R Race. 1737 Pore Horace’ Epist. 
nu. i, 108 The mob of gentlemen who wrote with ease. 


EASE. 
1856 Ruski Mod, Paint. 111. w. xvi. § 27 Another. .test of 
is..the app of Ease with which the thing 


is.. 
is done. 1868 Tennyson Lucretius 174 Seeing with how 
great ease Nature can smile. : 
ec. Indifference, unconcern ; absence of hesitation 
or scruple. 

1808 Bentuam Sc. Reform 2 In — lordship it beholds 
its patron and introducer; the author, it is matter of ease 
to me not to know. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, /ndia U1. v. viii. 
661 Where the Governor-General spoke of pensions with so 
much ease, he well knew, that in the circumstances. .a pen- 
sion. .little or nothing differed from a name. 

5. Freedom from constraint ; an unconstrained 
position or attitude ; esf. in AZz/. phrase, Zo stand 


at ease: see quot. - 

1802 C. James Mil. Dict., Ease .. signifies a prescribed re- 
laxation of the frame from the erect and firm position which 
every well-dressed soldier should assume. . 70 stand at ease 
is to draw the right foot back about six inches, and to bring 
the greatest of the weight of the body upon it. 1830 
Marrvat King’s Own xli, His usual ‘ stand at ease’ posi- 
tion. 1833 Regud. [nstr. Cavalry 1. 43 Stand at Ease. /bid. 
61 Sit at . 1853 StocqueLer Milit. Encycl. s.v. Stand, 
To stand at ease is to be allowed. .a certain indulgence with 
regard to bodily position, with or without arms. 

. Freedom from embarrassment or awkward- 
ness in social behaviour. 

1750 Jounson Ramdl. No. 157 ® 8 Enabled me to dis- 
course with ease and volubility. a 1764 Lirovp Whim, Wears 
his own mirth with native ease. 1832 Ht. Martineau //7/7 
& Vall. iv.65 Mrs. Wallace envied Mrs. Sydney the ease 
and kindness with which she conversed. 1855 MAcauLay 
Hist, Eng. 111. 469 A certain graceful ease marks him as 
a man who knows the world. 1863 Frovupe //ist. Eng. 
VIII. 91 She .. moved about among the dignitaries of the 
University, with combined authority and ease. 

7. Phrases (senses 1-6). a. Ad ease, at one’s ease, 
+ well at ease: in comfort, without anxiety or 
annoyance, unconstrained, unembarrassed ; _for- 
merly also, in comfortable circumstances, well-to- 
do. b. Z// (+ evil) at ease: uncomfortable, un- 
easy. +c. Little ease: usedas a name for a prison- 
cell too small to permit the person occupying it 
to assume a comfortable position. 

a. 21300 Cursor M. 13136 All war sett and ete at esse. Jbid. 
17651 He was gestind ful wele at ais. 1375 Barsour Bruce 
1. 228 He levysat ess that frely levys. c1450 Merlin xxii. 
397 Galashin was not all at his ese, ffor he was yet a-monge 
the horse feet. 1535 Coverpae //osea ii. 7, I will go turne 
agayne to my first huszbonde, for at yt tyme was I better at 
ease, then now. 1668-9 Marvett Cor. cix. Wks. 1872-5 II, 
268 If..you have given us a rule to walke by, our discretion 
will be more at ease. pd Corton Esfernon i. v. 210 
Monied men .. amongst whom his Majesty conceiving the 
Duke of Espernon to be one the most at his ease, etc. 1711 
Appison Sfect. No. 106 P 2, I am the more at Ease in Sir 
Roger’s Family, because it consists of sober and staid Per- 
sons, 18ar Syp. Smitn Left. cc, An old Aunt has. .left me 
an estate..this puts mea little at my ease, 1860 TYNDALL 
Glac. 1. § 27. 202 We all felt more at ease when a safe foot- 
ing was secured. 1868 E. Epwarps Ralegh I. xxiv. 564 
He felt much more at his ease in the saddle than afoot. 

b. ax1300 Cursor M. 16119 Mi wyf es sumquat iuel at 
ess [v.7. ese]. a1450 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 59 She .. was 
of euelle atte ease in this worlde. 1483 Vlg. abs Terentio 
2a, lii. or .iiii. days 3itt j was euyll att ese in my hede. 
1642 T. Taytor God's Fudgem. 1.1. xx. 70 He feigned him- 
selfe to be evill atease. 1832 Tennyson Miller’s Dau. xix, 
You were ill at ease. . Too fearful that you should not please. 

Cc. 1690 W. Wacker /diomat, Anglo-Lat. 156 A little 
ease (i.e. a prison). Heatu Grocer’s Comp. (1869) 92 
note, Little Ease was a place of confinement for unruly ap- 
prentices ; it was situated in the Guildhall. 

III. Relief, alleviation. [Somewhat influenced 
by the verb.]} 

8. Relief or mitigation of pain or discomfort ; 
release from an annoyance. Const. from, of. 

1542-3 Act 34 4 35 Hen. VIII, viii. § 1 Surgions.. 
mindinge onely their owne lJucres, & nothing the profit 
or ease of the disesed or pacient. 1588 ALLEN Admon. 17 
‘Sum little ease and release of the intollerable feares and 
miseries, spee J. Purceit Cholick (1714) 103 The Patient 
breaks muc' ind upwards and downwards, and finds 
Ease thereby. 1729 Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 61 That 
positive enjoyment, which sudden ease from pain. .affords. 
1775 JouNSoN Tax. no Tyr. 61 That a great man may get 
ease from Ne 1841 Lane Arad, Nes, J, x12 
Liberate him, said the King, and give us ease. 

b. + Zo do one’s ease: to relieve the bowels. So 
seat, + house of ease. 

c 1645 Howe t Le?t. (1655) I. § 1. xviii. 28 It happen’d the 
King was come from doing his Ease, 1731 Swirt Strephen 
§ c Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 157 Had you but through a cranny 
spied, On house of ease your future bride. _¢ 1850 Rudim. 

‘avig. (Weale) 143 Round-house at the Head. Conveni- 
ences or seats of ease for the officers. 

ce. Chapel of Ease: see CHAPEL, So also (hu- 
morously) court of ease, theatre of ease: one ae 
vided to relieve the crowding in a larger building. 

1779 SHERIDAN Critic 1. i, Make the a court of ease 
to the old Bail 1796 J. Owen Trav, Europe Il. 429 It 
seems a sort of theatre of ease to that called the National. 

9. Relief from constraint or pressure; abroga- 
tion or alleviation of a burden or obligation ; 
+ redress of grievances. + Writ of ease: a certi- 
ficate of discharge from employment; /vansf. a 
‘bill of divorcement’. 

1576 Lamparve Peramd, Kent (1826) | eee Dover, 
Hithe [etc.]., were the first Ports of priviledge, .although.. 
divers also (for the ease of their apecrent 
in. 1587 Fieminc Contin. Holinshed 111, 1345/2 Thus was 
justice istred, and that i to Gods glorie, & the 


16 


ease of the common wealths greefe dispatched. Mu- 
ToN Divorce u. xvi. (1851) 10: er ager spiny. poe 


to..her husband ; w! as Josephus was law- 
a - to men, RELL Davila’s Hist, Fr. 
1678) 1 


Having .. tried gentle and .. fc no 
1679-1714 Burnet Hist. Ref, Mischicts -. might 
follow, if princes get not.. ease from the ic see. 
1693 W. Rozertson Phraseol. Gen. 519 He 
of ease given him; rude donatus est, 

‘+10. concr. (from 8,9): An act or means of re- 
lieving pain or discomfort, of giving relaxation 
from ens, an easement, relief . Obs. 

c Promp. Parv, 143 Ese, or cowmfort, evamen, 
consi . Frorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 275 
Eases of griefes he reposeth. .in calling from the thought of 
offence. 1606 Suaks. 77. §& Cr. v. x. 56 Till then, Ile 
sweate, and seeke about for eases. 17or J. Law Counc. 
Trade (1751) 172 This ease..of the industry, would chiefly 
and principally fall on the lands by two several wa’ 
a1718 Penn Life in Wks. 1726 I. 129 Dissenters receiv’d a 
General Ease, and enjoy’d their Meetings peaceably. 1737 
Wuiston Josephus’ Antig. u1. iii, That [discovery of springs] 
was an ease to them [the Israelites suffering thirst]. 1747 
in Col. Rec. Penn. V. 141 Required by His Majesty from 
those Colonies to be done in ease of the National Expence. 

IV. 11. Combd., as + ease-bred, -loving adjs. ; 
ease-and-comfort, a leg-rest, consisting of two 
boards fixed in the shape of a T ; + ease-room, a 
comfortable lodging-room ; cf. EASEMENT 1 d. 

159 Troubl, Raigne K. Yohn (1611) 62 The ease-bred 
Abbots, and the bare-foot Friars..Are all in health. 1629 
Rutuerrorp Let. v. (1862) I. 47 In your house there are fair 
ease-rooms and pleasant lights. 1847 C’ress BLEsSsINGTON 
M. Herbert (Tauchn.) I, 126 A bergére in each of the rooms, 
with abundant pillows to prop up her weak frame, and an 
ease-and-comfort to each, to support her legs, 1878 Bosw. 
Situ Carthage 175 Around Hanno gathered all that was 
ease-loving, aif that was shortsighted. 

Ease, obs. and dial. var. of EAvEs. 

Ease (iz), v. Forms: 4 eysy, eyse, (heise), 
eyss, (Sc.) eiss, eese, ayse(n, 4-5 esy(n, 4-6 
ese(n, 5- ease. [Prob: originally ad. OF. aaisier 
= It. adagiare, f. L. ad to, at+late L. *asiu-m 
Ese sb.1; but virtually f. the sb.] 

1. trans. To give ease (physically) to; to render 
more comfortable, relieve from pain, etc. 

r Ayenb. 82 pet byeb zuo wyse to loky bet body 
and toeysyandtodelyty. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. 
lili. (1495) 635 Iuy hathe vertue of rypynge, of clensynge and 
of easynge. ?a1400 Chester Pl. 11. (1847) 5 This woman.. 
That esead me this hasse. 1413 Lypc. Pylgr. Sowle tv. xxxii. 
(1483) 81 Oftimes these armes wil bleden to esen and com- 
forten the hede. 1535 CoverDALE 1 Sam. xvi. 23 was 
Saul refreszshed, & eased. 1588 J. Upatt Diotrephes (Arb.) 
7 Though it grieue mee to thinke vpon it, yet it easeth m 
stomacke to tell it. Med. Frni. XX1. 56 He drank it 
because it ‘ broke the wind, and eased” him. 1847 Emerson 
Poems, Demonic Love, Even the fell Furies are appeased, 
The ~~ applaud, the lost are eased. 

+b. To refresh with repose or food ; to enter- 
tain, accommodate hospitably. Also reff. Obs. 

1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) Toward Wynchestre 
em dight, his folk forto eyse. /éd. 192 Seke were per 

eised, heled bam of wound. 1375 Barsour Bruce xtv. 387 
Thai esyt thame, and maid gud cher. ¢ 1386 CHaucer 
Knuts, T,. 1336 Theseus .. festeth hem, and doth so gret 
labour To esen hem, falas 92 Ywaine & Gaw. 232 That 
night had i.. mi stede of the best. c Syr Gener. 


a writ 


(Roxb.) 2816 Anazaree. .into a feire chambre him ladd, And 
eased him asa fre prisovn. cu Loneticu Grail xlii. 543 
[Se] that .. they fei esed with the beste. Gesta 
Rom. \xi. 257 (Harl. MS.) His squier so3te an host, for 


swiche a worthi kny3t to be eside ynne. 1650 Row[son] ///st. 
Kirk (1842) 513 To harbour more jiers nor ientlie 
they can lodge & ease. 7698 Biackmore Pr. Arth, Vi. 457 
Boldly fall on, before their Troops are eas’d. 
c. t To case nature (obs.), ease oneself: to relieve 

the bowels. 

cL Promp. Parv. 143 Esyn, stercoriso, merdo, egero. 
1581 Mutcaster Positions vi. (1887) 47 Passage to dismisse 
excrements which easeth. 16rz Brate Deut. xxiii. 13 If 
thou wilt ease thyself. 1697 Porrer Antig. Greece 1. xxvi. 
(1715) 145 Whosoever easeth Nature in Apollo's Temple 
shall be Indicted. 1877 E, Peacock N.-W. Line, Gloss. 
(E. D. S.), Zase one’s self, to relieve the bowels. 

2. To give ease of mind to; to comfort, dis- 
burden, relieve (the mind or heart). Also ref. 

exo Cursor M. 13868 (Trin,) He esed him wib wordes 

le. 


hei 

lat us ese oure herte, 
ese my m 
‘TINDALE 


may be e: 

(Arb) 16 As though par we, ease 

1587 FLeminc Contin. Holinshed 111. a hdl on Aptrand ga 
wards eased by iors aj ited for and other 
poses, a x61 Donne Bial . (1644) x00 If that rule..be 
++ @ good guide in all perplexities, it will ease very m 


1393 Gower Conf. 
go thilke u i 
im. Poop (1714) 75 His Son, King Roboham, would not 


served, the people should be eased of great j 

and justices of travail. 1630 J. Tavtor(Water P.) Trav. 

Prague Wks. I11. 90, I am no sooner eased of him, but 
re; lergoose..catches me by the goll. 1663 Cuar- 

LETON So 9 Nor, i can I ease you of tha! 

won RYDEN Virg. Cony mt. 486 The Pastor 

eases of their Hair, the loaden Herds. 1725 Porr Odyss. 


xt, 342 Ease, your bosoms of a fear so 
Voy. 1, vi. 63 To ease the expedition of all unnecessary ex- 


though — he bought it. Mod. The light-fingered 
gentry eased them of their purses. ; 

5. To lighten (a burden, etc.); to lessen (an in- 
convenience) ; to assuage, relieve (pain, distress). 

1374 Cuaucer Troylus mt. 950 And ech of 30w eseth 
otheres sorwes smerte. 1586 J. Hooker Gir Trel. in 
Holinsh, 11. 152/2 And for whereof he. .in verie deed 
had aloo peocsioad, ad Geuland hoe ant uy stie salle 
these aarges might be answered. 1590 SHaxs. AZids. N. 
v. i. 35 Is there no play To ease the anguish of a torturing 
houre?, 1601 R. Jounson ne 4 Comm. (1603) 112 The 
haven is not very large nor safe, but that inconvenience is 
somewhat eased by an artificiall key. 1633 G. Herpert 
Temple, Crosse vi, Ah my deare Father, ease my smart. 
rjor Col. Rec. Penn, 11, 109 "Tis resolved that it cannot be 
eased or remitted. 1774 Goipsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 355 
The horse and the ass. .contribute to ease his fatigues. i834 
Hr. Martineau Moral 1. 3 Machinery, which easeth man’s 
labour, 1846 MeCuttocu Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 11. 133 
This conduct is found conducive to easing the rates. 

b. poet. To rest from, relax (labour). 

1715-20 Pore //iad x. 543 Eased in : the labours of 
the ar. 1871 R. Ecxis Catud/us xiii. 36 The rest which 
easeth long toil. So 

6. To render easy, facilitate. rare. 

1632 Mass. & Fietp Fatal Dow. u. i, My miracle is 


eased. 1667 Mitton P. L. vu. 430 [ ] with mutual 

wing Easing thir flight. 1795 A Narr, Emb 

China in Morse Amer, Geog. (1796) er But with this aid 
beginning of the ascent hasa very 


in easing the passage, the 
fearful ~J 


appearance. 
7. To relax ees | (anything that is too tight) ; 
to move gently ; to lift slightly ; to shift a little, 
make to fit. 

Mod. Tell the carpenter to ease the door a little. 

+8. intr. To cease, slacken. Ods.; cf. 10 b. 

x Exec. for —_ (1675) 46 The remnant of the 
wic 


ed flock .. would ease from their .. libelli 1875 


: lings. 
sine, Triste team mesa h e eet 
9. Naut, Often with away, down, off: to slacken 
(a rope, sail, etc.). Zo ease up: to come up 
handsomely with a tackle-fall. Also in forms of 
command, as Zase away! Ease off!: slacken out 
a rope or tackle. ase her! (in a steam vessel) : 
reduce the speed of the engine. ase the helm!: 
t the helm down a few spokes in a head sea. 
Adm. ae) 
1627 Carr. Smita Seaman's Gram. v. 20 When the Shrouds 
ot ag Songen Bet gy Tonge Ba 1692 ibid. xvi. 76 To 
make her wag vege, they say, Ease the Helm. 1769 


Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Larguer..f Ecoute, to ease 
off the sheet. 1833 Manette ‘Simple (1863) 101 Ease the 
ship with a or two when she scuds. +35 


The below, whose exclamation of ‘ Kase her—stop 
her--one ture chesd —aany cue Say 50 Aeaieed a aire 6 
emmmenten Dagens deck. 1859 Gen. P. 


it had known to ease off 


have stood its . 

rope . 1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech, 8 
Luff and ease off the fore-sheet. sits Dat, Tel. 5 Jule 
She ratched like a tom to windward of us, . eased 
away her sheets and aft. 1882 Nares Seamanship 
(ed. 6) 132 The earings are eased down. 

10. Ease off. a. rans. To get rid of with the 
view of giving or obtaining b. intr. To 


become less burdensome. 
. Dowet Hist. Taxation 1, 177 It was an object 
with the king to ease off the business. = Sachmmaamnl 


pressure By Rosadlan dialey. 
— ieee 124 The Arms to 
si Ook Rega gta 72h 


EASEFUL. 
M. Arnotp Heine's Grave, Poems II. 257 Cool drinks, and 


an eased Posture and opium, 

Easeful (7-zful), a. Also 4 eisfull, 5 esful. 
[f. Ease sd. + -FUL.] 

1. That gives ease, comfort, or relief; comfort- 
able, soothing. 

1375 Barsour Bruce v. 70 Myne auenture heir tak will I, 
Quhethir it be eisfull or angry. ¢1425 WynTouN Cron. VI. xx. 

6 Wyth opire thyng Dat esful ware to pare lykyng. 1580 

IDNEY Arcadia m1. 377 Wishing easeful rest to Philoclea. 
1 Hotinsuep Chron. 1. 58/2 How pleasant and easefull 
the good lucke of those princes. 1607 C. Lever in Farr’s 
S. P. 168 To make his burthen Easeful as hee may 1625, 
tr. Gonsalvio's Sp. Inguis. 123 A bed of flags which serued 
them both to couch on, more —, a great deale then 
easefull. 164: Mitton Ch. Govt. Wks. 1738 I. 67 It is 
neither easeful, profitable, nor on in this Life to 
do evil. 1820 Keats Ode Nightingale 52 For many a time 
I have been half in love with easeful Death. 1886 T. 
Harpy in Macm. Mag. 70 That easeful sense of accomplish- 
ment which follows work done that has been a hard struggle 
inthe doing. — ‘ 

2. Unoccupied, at rest; addicted to ease or in- 
dolence, slothful, careless. 

1611 Cotar., Aiser, to be lazie, easefull. @1618 RALEIGH 
Seat of Govt. (1651) 66 Giving the best of their grain 
to the easefull and idle. 1628 WITHER Brit. Rememd. 11. 
18 The faire smooth way, of easefull Pleasure tends. 1686 
J. Crook Ep. Yng. People prof. Truth 4 Rest no longer inan 
easeful mind .. but sink down in deep Humility. 1855 
SincLeton Virgid I. 88 Winter is easeful for the husbandman. 

Hence Ea‘sefully adv., in an easeful manner ; 
comfortably; idly. Ea‘sefulness, the condition 


of being easeful. 

16rx Cotcr., Estre en la paille =e au ventre, to be 
fully accommodated, easefully lodged. @ 1639 W. Wuate- 
LEY Prototypes 1. xix. (1640) 235 The diligent man takes as 
much content in his moderate labour, as the sluggard in 
somnolency and easefulesse. 1883 Brit. Q. Rev. July 15 The 
exceeding sense of comfort and easefulness. 1886 Graphic 
27 Feb. 242/1 Standing with her hands on her hips, ease- 
fully looking at the preparations on her behalf. 

Basel (zzél, z:z’l), Also 7-8 easle, 8 ezel. 
[ad. Du. eze/ = Ger. esed ass. Cf. the similar use 
of Horsg.] A wooden frame to support a picture 
while the painter is at work upon it; a similar 
frame used to support a blackboard, etc. (In 


quot. 1791 a blunder for Za/efte.) 

16: i; Blate] Myst. Nat. 119 Provide a frame or Easel 
called y Artists. “1688 R. Hotme Armoury m. 193/t St. 
Luke, the Patron of Painters .. is drawn at his Easle work- 
ing. 1733 Betcuier in PAzl, Trans. XX XVIII. 196 The 
Trunk of a Skeleton fix’d to a Painter’s Ezel. 1791 E. 
Darwin Bot. Gard.1.7 Many of the unexpected changes 
in mixing colours ona painter's easle.. may depend on these 
principles. 18s9 Gutiick & Timss Paint. 199 The Easel is 
a frame which supports the painting during its progress. 

b. as the typical instrument of a painter. 

1838-9 Hatiam Hist. Lit. I. 1. iii. 223 note, Some produc- 
tions of his easel vie with those of Raphael. ; 

Hence Ea‘seldom (xonce-wd.), painting as a 
profession; the whole body of painters. Easel- 
picture, easel-piece, a picture painted at the 
easel, or small enough to stand upon it. 

1706 Art of Painting (1744) 308 He continued working on 
his easel-pieces. 1841 W. SpaLpinc Jtaly § /t. st. I1. 396 
His easel-pictures are perfect models of colouring. 1860 
Sata in Cornh, Mag. 1. 578 This grandee of easeldom. 

Easeless (7-zlés), a. [f. Ease sd. + -LESS.] 

1. Of persons: Having no ease or rest. rare. 

1632 Vicars 4ineid 1. 915 Thus as I ceaselesse, easelesse 
pri’d about, In every nook, furious to finde her out. 

2. Of pain or distress: Having no abatement, 


admitting of no relief. 

@ 1593 H. Smita Wes, (1867) II. 169 It will take from them 

all pleasure, and bring them to easeless, and yet endless, pain. 

Drumm. or Hawn. Speeches K. Chas., Thou becalm’st 
Mind’s easeless anguish. a@1770 WuHITEFIELD Sevm, xxxii. 
Wks. 1772 VI. 10 Easeless and endless misery. 

8. Destitute of ease in bearing or manner. 7are. 

1811 Monthly Mag. XXXI. 5 It is often accompanied 
with a punctilious easeless viour. 

Easement (7:zmént). Also 4 eyse-, 4-5 ese- 
ment, 5 esmint, -ment, aysyament, (6 hese- 
ment), 6-8 eas-, 7 aisment. [a. OF. azsement, f. 
ais-ier, EASE v.: see -MENT; cf. Anglo-Lat. ais¢a- 
mentum.) : 

1. The process or means of giving or obtaining 
ease or relief from pain, discomfort, or anything 
annoying or burdensome; relief, alleviation; ‘ re- 
dress of grievances. Now somewhat rave. 

1386 Cnaucer Reeve’s T. 259 Some esement has lawe 
yshapen us. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 7988 We exiled for euer- 
more our easement to laite. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on 
Deut. xviii. 105 In sted of easement he findeth himself 
tormented tebitie: Str B. Rupyarp in Rushw. Hzs¢. 
Coll. m1. (1692) 1. 24 They must .. be eased in their Goods, 
from the exactions. .of Pursevants [etc.]. .And if the People 
have all these easements, Yen if, etc. 1796 Burke Let. nodle 
Ld. Wks. 1842 II. 260, I certainly stand in need of every 
kind of relief and easement. 1840 W. Howrrr Visits Re- 
mark, Places 200 Seeking a little easement of their swollen 
purses, 1876 Bancrort Hist. U. S. III. ix. 405 He pro- 
mised its reduction to three shillings in the pound, an ease- 
ment to the landed interest of five hundred thousand pounds, 

+b. Dogs of easement: dogs employed to take 
up the chase in place of those that are spent. Ods. 

1616 Surri. & Marku. Countr, Farm 692 Then also you 
must let slip some of your fresh dogs, or dogs of easement. 

+c. spec. The relieving of the body by evacua- 
Vou. IIT. 


17 


tion of excrement ; concr.,a privy. Phrases, House, 
stool of easement ; to do one’s easement. Obs. 

¢ 1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 43 Schal bey [children] not .. 
make me foule wyth her kyndely esement. 1513 Bh. Ker- 
uynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 283 And se the hous of hesement 
be swete and clene. 1555 Mardle Facions 1. v. 51 In the 
easemente of vrine, the men rowked doune, 1580 Hotty- 
BAND Treas. Fr. Tong, Aller & la selle, to go to the stoole 
of easement. 1634 Harincton Salernes Regim. 3 Doing 
his easement. 1712 Dicsy Lficurus’ Morals 124 The 
soldiers. .found him in a House of Easement. 

+d. spec. Refreshment by food and repose ; 
hence, comfortable accommodation, food and lodg- 
ing ; ‘entertainment for man or beast’. Ods. 

cx1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 3384 He had ful nobil rest, With 
alkins esment of the best. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. clxx. 
155 He wold not abyde in scotland in wynter season for 
esement of his peple. 15.. Eger § Gr. 235 1n Furniv. Percy 
Folio 1. 361 Easment for me and my hackney. 1523 Fitz- 
HERB. Surv. i. (1539) 5 A place of easement to put in cattel. 
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 93 Meit and drink, fyre, 
claithis and easment. 1820 Scotr Monast. xvi, He might 
have had less to complain of in respect of easements. 

2. Advantage, convenience, comfort ; furtherance, 
assistance ; formerly also, gratification, enjoyment. 
+ Common easement: something done for the 
public benefit. avch. or Obs. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 3338 A place onestly ordainit for esmint 
of hir. cxq425 WynToUN Cron. vil. viii. 772 Wyth bare posses- 
syounys and pare Rentis Wyth wont Fredomys and Aysya- 
mentis. ¢1449 Pecock Refr. 1. xx. 120 Into esement of 
him silf and also of his neizbour, a man mai singe, pleie, and 
lauze vertuoseli. 1581 W. Starrorp Exam. Compu. i. (1876) 
16 The reparation of such wayes, brydges, and other common 
easements. 160r R. JoHnson Aingd. § Commu. (1603) 212 
Nature unwilling that humane life should want any ease- 
ment, hath provided. .the labour ofcammels. 1791 SMEATON 
Edystone L. § 283 To leave our .. loose materials, stowed 
away in the store-room, .. was indeed a great easement 
to us. 1818 Scorr Art, Midi. xxxvii, I had the cast of 
a horse from Ferrybridge—and divers other easements. 

b. concr. Something that serves for an assist- 
ance or convenience; ¢.g. accommodation in or 
about a house, as rooms, sheds, or farm- buildings. 

cx1400 Maunpev. xix. 214 Schippes..made with Halles & 
Chambresand othereysementes. 1502 ARNOLDE Chrov. (1811) 
138 Easmentis fixed vnto houses or to soile. 1609SKENE Reg. 
Maj., Act Robt. 1, 26 That nane of them [our subjects] sall 
..carie..anie kind of armour: or horse, or other aismentis, 
to the comon enemies of our Realme, 1703 MAuNDRELL 
Yourn. Ferus, (1721) 28 Without the assistance of such 
easements. 1771 SMotLtetr Humph. Cl. 11. 48 The bills in 
ine houses [in Scotland] say they have different easements 
to let. 

8. The right or privilege of using something not 
one’s own ; esp. in Law. (See quot.) 

1463 Bury Wills (1850) 22, I wille the seid Jenete terme of 
hire lyff haue esement of the kechene to make in hire mete, 
and esement of the welle in y® yeerd. 1598 KitcHin Courts 
Leet (1675) 210 A Way or other thing of easement. 1607 
CowE Lt, Easement, esamentum, is a seruice that one neigh- 
bour hath of another by charter or prescription, without 

rofite, as a way through his ground, or such like, 18 

1cBy Real Prop. iii. 154 If the purposes for which the 
land of another are used merely tend to the more convenient 
enjoyment of another piece of land, the right is called an 
easement. 

Easer (7:z01). [f. Ease v.+-ER.] One who or 
that which gives ease or relief. Hence Ea*seress. 

1599 GREENE A /phons. (1861) 235 Farewell, Medea, easer 
of my heart. 1610 Marxuam Master. 1. xcii. 179 This is 
lenitiue and a great easer of paine. 1631 Celestina xii. 136 
Easeresse of my paine, and my hearts joy! 1779 JoHNsoN 
Lett. (1788) 11. ccxxi. 82 The depository of her troubles, 
and easer of her bosom, 

+ Ea‘sierly, adv. Obs. rare. Used for eastlier, 
comparative degree of EasILy. 

1494 FABYAN v1. clxxxvi. 187 He myght the more easyerly 
optayne the possession. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. §& Min. 
146 The lesser are more moist, easierly concocted. 

Easily (7zili), adv. Formerly compared 
easilier, -est ; also EasterRty. Forms: 4 aisie- 
liche, eseliche, eesely, eesili, 4-5 esely, esili, 
esyly, 5-6 easely, 6 easly, easilie, 6- easily. 
[f. Easy a. +-Ly 2.] 

1. Comfortably ; without pain, discomfort, or 
anxiety, luxuriously, self-indulgently. 

¢ 1300 St, Brandan 395 3e schulle wende, Al eseliche with- 
oute anuy [M7S. Laud 108, 106 (Halliw.) has aisieliche]. 
1380 Wyctir Wks. (1880) 20 To disceyue men in gostly 
goodis and worldly, and norischen hem esily in synne. 
cr Cuaucer Prol. 471 Vp on an Amblere esily [v.” 
esely] she sat. ¢1440 York Myst. x\viii. 298 Belyve 3e 
brought me of be beste And made my bedde full esyly. 
1562 Act 5 Eliz. xii. § 3 Persons seeking only to live easily, 
and to leave their honest Labour. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. L. 
it. ii. 382 The one sleepes easily because he cannot study. 
Mod, The patient rested much more easily last night. 

2. Without constraint or stiffness; smoothly, 
freely. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. iii, pis puppis [the hinder 

art of the brain] is harde aes: synewis of meuynge meue 
fe eseloker [1535 easelier] and be soner. 1535 CovERDALE 
2 Sam. xx.8As ie. .which wente easely out and in. 1: 
Suaxs. Much Ado v. i. 159 Sir, your wit ambles well; it 
goeseasily. Mod. The window-frame fits quite easily, 

+3. Without hurry; deliberately, gradually, 
Also, calmly, quietly. Ods. 

1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame 1675 That through the worlde her 
fame goo Esely and not to faste. cr jestr. Troy 2208 
When Priam hade his prologe preched to ende, Ector hym 
answarede esely and faire. c 1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. 


EASING. 


Ord. (1790) 473 Let hit renne thorugh esiliche. 1483 Vulg. 
abs Terentio 7b, Bere esily thy harme & it shall greue the 
the lesse. 161x Tourneur Ath. Trag. u. iv, I am ac- 
mee with the way..Lets easily walke. 1695 Lp. 

RESTON Boeth, 1. 9 She reach’d her Hand easily towards 
a | Breast. ; 

. With little exertion, labonr, or difficulty. 

¢ 1384 Cuaucer H. Fame 1929 So great a noyse.. Men 
myght hyt have herd esily to Rome. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. xiv. 
160 The poyntes [of these contrefetes] wil breken lightly, 
and men may esily pollische hem. ¢ 1449 Prcock Repr. 1. 
ix. 46 Withoute the clerkis. .lay persoones schulen not esili 
li3tli and anoon haue the dew vndirstonding of Holi Scrip- 
ture. 1538 Starkey England ui. ii. § 12 (1871) 190 By thys 
mean. .the controuersys..schold easelyar be pacyfyd. 1550 
Veron Godly Saiyngs (1846) 9 Whyche thing we may easly 
se in the historyes of the olde auncyent Jewes. 1651 
Hosses Leviath. 1. xiv. 65 Nothing is more easily broken 
than a mans word. 1718 Morreux Quix. (1733) II. 178 
Who might easiliest get out of the City. 1878 Jevons Prim. 
Pol, Econ. 29 It is a.. better rule not to put off till to- 
morrow what we can do more easily to-day. 

b. In phrases like eastly possible, it may easily 
happen. Also easily (= beyond question) firs/, 
after L. facile princeps. 

1590 SwiInBuRN Testaments 145 They are more straung, 
nor easilie like to happen. 1599 SHaks. Much Ado 1. i. 75. 
1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. 96 We name. .things accord- 
ing to what they oftenest or easiliest do seem to us to be. 
1871 R. Extis Catudlus xlix. 6 He as easily last among 
the poets As thou surely the first among the pleaders. 
1883 W. Braixie in Harper's Mag. Nov. 907/1 Harvard has 
. easily the finest gymnasium in the world. 

5. With little resistance or reluctance. 

1649 Mitton Erkon. Wks. 1738 I. 392 The House of Peers 
. gave. .easily [their consent]. 1656 RipncLey Pract. Physic 
56 If it come from the Brain it [a Catarrh) afflicteth easily, 


manner; hence, in a trifling degree; with poor 
success ; indifferently, meanly, poorly. Ods. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 29 Some peple endowed with worldly 
goodes,..can not depart but easily withe finaunce. 1476 
Sir J. Paston in Lett. 776 III. 162 The Frenshe Kynge 
cheryssheth hyr [Queen Margaret] butt easelye. 1519 Hor- 
MAN Vulg. 16 Some nonnys kepe theyr virginite but easely, 
Ibid. 34 For lacke of tethe I cham my meate buteasily. 1536 
Remed. Sedition 16 Can they here goddis lawes, ye though 
they be but easily preached, and not abhorre sedition .. ? 

7. (Made) in such a manner as to be easy. 

1599 Hakuuyr Voy. II. u. 75 The staires .. are so easily 
made, that one may go them vp and downe a hors-backe. 

Easiness (7‘zinés). [f. Easy + -ness.] The 
state or quality of being Easy (in any of its senses). 

1. Freedom from discomfort or anxiety. 

1691 Ray Creation, The rest and easiness we enjoy when 
asleep. 

2. The quality of being easy in attitude, be- 
haviour, style, etc. 

1567 Drant Horace’s De Arte Poet. Aj, I followe flowinge 
easynes, my style is clearely marde. 1742 RicHARDSON 
Pamela U1. 343 Her Easiness of Behaviour makes him 
secure of acceptance. @17gt Westey HWks. (1830) XIII. 
378 Perspicuity, purity, propriety, strength and easiness, 
Constitute a good style. 31841 D’Israrti Amen. Lit. (1867) 
551 Virgil .. wanting much of that natural easiness of wit 
that Ovid had. 

8. Indolence, carelessness, indifference. 

1581 Sipney Def. Poesie (Arb.) 49 They are full of very 
idleeasines. 1602 SHAKs. Has.v.i.75. 1699 T. Clockman] 
Tully's Offices (1706) 207 Ruin’d by his Easiness and 
Neglect. 1825 Houlston Tracts 1. xxx. 3 There was no 
reason for deferring it, but only just his easiness. 

4. The quality of not being difficult or burden- 
some ; facility. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. v. \ii. (1495) 172 Many and 
dyuerse boones ben in the body and that for .. easynesse of 
mouynge. 1581 Marseck Bk. of Notes 727 No man. .should 
with too much easinesse be promoted without witnesses. 
1602 SHaxs. Ham. 1. iv. 166 Refraine to night And 
that shall lend a kinde of easinesse To the next abstinence. 
1616 SurFL. & Marku. Countr. Farm 320 The easinesse of 
the purchase makes the profit so much the greater. 1800 
Stuart in Wedlington’s Disp. (1877) 575 Besides easiness 
of conquest, they would find wealth. : 

5. The quality of not being harsh or exacting ; 


gentleness, indulgence, kindness. 

3 Vulg. abs Terentio 20 a, To holde chylder vndir wyth 
shame & gentillnes sofnes or esynes. 161x Braum. & FL. 
Maid’s Trag. w. i, Do you raise mirth out of my easi- 
ness? 26sr Hospes Levzath. 1. xliv. 347 The Easinesse 
of our Saviour, in bearing with offences, etc. 1748 BuTLER 
Serm. Wks. 1874 I. 304 That easiness of temper, which ., 
is expressed by the word good-humour. 1862 TReNcH 
Mirac. xxiii. 344 Behind a seeming severity lurks the real 
love, while under the mask of greater easiness selfishness 
lies hid. 

+6. The quality of being easily influenced; in 
bad sense, credulity ; want of firmness, fickleness. 

a 1619 Daniel Coll. Hist, Eng. (1626) 35 The King. .work- 
ing vpon the easinesse of his youth, and ambition. 1674 
Ch. & Court of Rome 12 Persons. .who practised ~ a their 
easiness. 1705 STANHOPE Paraphr. II. 496 The Envy and 
Spight of the Chief Priests and Pharisees, The Easiness.and 

‘ury of the Common be a@1797 H. Watroce Mem. Geo. 
II, (1847) 111, vii. 174 All made advantage of English easi- 
ness and dissipation. 

Easing (7-zin), vd/. sb.1 [f. Ease v.+-1Na1,] 

3 


EASING. 
The action of the verb Easz, Mostly gerundial. 
Also + easing-chair, a nightstool. 
1580 HottyBann 7reas. Fr. Tong, Allegeance, an easing 
eel tS cee ats ore ga hes tee 
and Racing of the Tocth-ach. stay Carr. Heard Seaman’? 


Gram. xi. 54 The easing of her Masts and Shrouds, for 
some ships will saile much better when they are slacke. 
P bed Hicxes & Netson ¥. Kettlewell u. § 40. 149 The 

asin; oe, ape of his Poor Subjects. 1771 Smot- 
Lett Humph. Cl. II. 3 , The doctor. . found —— 
enthroned on an easing-chair. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. 
Build, 195 The taking away of an angle .. of the rail .. is 
called by workmen the easings of the rail. 1875 ‘Stone- 
HENGE’ Brit, Sports u. vin. ii. § 1. 649 Easing and starting 
are of course the exact opposites of each other. 

Easing (7'zin), vé/. sd.2 Obs. exc. dial, Forms: 
5 esyng, 9 dial. yeazin, 6- easing. [contracted 
form of EAvEsING.] = EAVESING 2. Also in comd., 
as easing-drops, -sparrow. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 1522 Euen als pe esynges 30de ouer 
be pe costez. 33 Cath. Angl. 117 An Baynes, domicilium, 
tectum. 1580 Nortu Plutarch 597 He..lay without doors, 
under the easing of the House. 
Leet Rec. (1885) Il. yd Anoyed by the water we cometh 
from the easinge of the howse. 1781 J. Hutton Tour Caves 
Gloss. (E. D. 5.), Zasings, eaves. 185; 
31 in Lanc, Gloss. (E. D. S.), See yo, Tim, hoo sed to me, 
iv ther is nah o felley peeorcht on th’ yeazin’s wi’ o choilt 
in his arms. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss, (E. D.S.), Easings, 
eaves, more particularly the eaves of a stack or rick. 

Easing (7'zin), 2f/.a. [f. Ease v. + -ING2.] 
That eases. 

a 1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. Spirit (1867) 39 He did it 
upon pe | and easing circumstances. 

jaski, early variant of AsK. 

+ Ea‘sle. ¢/a/. Also 1 ysle, 4 his-, huys- 
seles, 5 iselle, isyl, ysyle, 6 Sv. isill, 8-9 ‘Sc. 
aizle. [OE. ys/e (app. wk. fem.), cogn. w. ON. 
uslé wk. masc., embers, perh. f. Aryan root *eus 
to burn, whence L. ir-ére. 
(17th c. &2'l), azz/e, are phonetically anomalous.] 
Hot ashes or cinders ; see quot. 

a 1000 Cxdmon's Gen, 2553 (Gr.) Bearwas wurdon to ascan 
and to yslan. axzooo A‘tFrric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 146 
Fauilla, ysle. c1325 Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 
171 De falemetches, from hiseles [v. 7. huysseles]. cx 
Promp, Parv. 266 Isyl of fyre, faurlla. ¢1483 Cath. Angl., 
Aiselle, avila, or asperke. 1513 DoucLas 4/neis x. i. 125 
Had sytten still, amang the assys cauld And lattyr isillys of 
thar kynd cuntre. 1691 Ray NV. C. Wds. Pref. 4 (E. D. S.) 
We in Essex use Easles for the hot embers (or as it were 
burning coals) of straw only. 1785 Burns Hadloween xiii, 
She fufl't her pipe wi’ sic alunt .. An aizle brunt Her braw 
new worset apron. 1874 V. §& Q. 10 Oct. 290 So as to 
receive and enclose the falling aizle, as well as the wax or 
tallow of the candle. 

Hence + easle-cake, a cake baked in the ashes. 

¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 261 Isylkake, or chesekake, or eykake 
bakyne vndyr askys, 

+Easse. Os. exc. dial. Also 9 ease. An 
earthworm. 

1591 Percivatt Sp. Dict., Lombriz, an easse, an earth 
worme. 1 Frorio, Lumbrici, little easses or earth- 
wormes. Mod. Devonsh. Dial., Eases, worms. 

Ea‘ssel, adv. Sc. Also easel, eissel. [f. 
East ; the mode of formation is obscure.] East- 
ward, easterly. Hence eassel-gate, -ward. 

1810 HoacG Brownie of Bodsb. 1. 12 (Jam.) The wind bein; 
eissel. 1815 Scorr Guy M. i, ‘O, if ye get to eassel aaa 
wessel again, I am undone.’ 1816 — Antig. I. vii. 162 
‘Weize yoursell a wee easel-ward.’ 1829 — Guy M. note 
v, Dandie Eassil-gate, Dandie Wassail-gate .. had their 
names from living eastward and westward in the street of 
the village. 

Ea‘ssin, v. Sc. Also easten, eicen, -sen. 
ee OE. *axnian, *xhsnian, f. oxan-, *ohsan-, 

x; cf. ON. kyr yxna ‘a cow in heat’ (Vigf.).] 
a. Of a cow: To desire the male. b. fig. To 
desire strongly. Hence Bisning vd/. sd. 

1661 Act Chas. /T, vii. 183 (Jam.) Fiftie sex calves, which 
within three years..would have eicened. 1715 Pennecuik 
Tweeddale 15 (Jam.) The country people call this plant .. 
Eastning wort, which they affirm makes cows come to bull- 
ing. @1774 Fercusson Poems (1789) II. 42 (Jam.) Ye'll 
weet mony a drouthy mou’, That's lang a eisning gane for 
you, Withouten fill, O’ dribles frae the gude brown cow. 

East (ist), adv., sb, and a. Forms: a. 1 éastan 
(Northumb, éasta), 3-4 esten. 8. 1-2 éast, 2-5 
est, 3 est, (4 yeast), 4-5 este, 4-6 easte, eest, 
6 Sc. eist, 3- east. [repr. two distinct forms in 
OE., both of which occur only as ady. or in com- 
position. (1) OE. éastan = OS. dstan(a (Du. cost), 
OHG, éstana, (MHG. ésten(e, mod. G. osten), 
ON. austan :—OTeut. *aus-to-né ‘from the east’, 
f. base *aus- dawn (found in L.aurdra:—*ausdsa, 
Lith. ausera,Skr. ushas dawn, Gr. atpiov:—*atapiov 
morning) + double suffix, as in OE. Ain-da-n from 
behind. (2) OE. éast, in compounds repr. OTeut. 
*aus-to- (see above), but as adv. perh. shortened 
from *éaster ‘toward the east’ = OS., OHG. 
éstar (Du. ooster- in compounds), ON. austr advbs. 
:—OTeut. *aus-tr-, f. *aus- + suffix, as in OE. hin- 
der backwards; cf. ON. austr sb. masc. (gen. 
austrs), Goth. *Austragutés Ostrogoths. A trace of 
the lost OE. *éaster appears in the adj. (compar.) 
éasterra more easterly ; also in certain place-names, 


J. Schotes Faunt 


1611 Manchester Court | 


| it gothe west. 


The mod. forms eas/e | 


18 


as Eastorege, a 3 ef. ‘ Alduulfus rex Estrang- 
lorum’ Beda H. £. tv. xvii. 
As a nautical term the rg word has been 
Romanic langs.: Fr., It. est, 

A. adv. 

+L phe OR éastan.) Fromtheeast. Also 
in OE. di , ME. 42 esten eastward; sometimes 
as prep. with dat. = eastward of Comb. eastan- 
wind : see East-wInD. 

¢ 893 K. AZtrrep O7vs.1. i. §12 Beeastan Rine sindon East- 
francan. a1z000 Czdmon's Gen. 806 (Gr.) if, wind cym 
westan odde eastan. @1225 Ancr. R. 232 ‘ Bihold,’ cw 
(he) bi esten. a4 R. Brunne Chron. Langt. (1725) 5 
Grete taliage laid he peron bi Esten. 

II. [repr. OE. éast.] 

2. With reference to motion or position: In the 
direction of the = of the horizon where the sun 
rises. More definitely: In the direction of that 
point of the horizon which is go° to the right of 
the north erie 3; also due (+full) east. 

_ €890 K. ALtFrep Beda 1, iii. (Bosw.) Dat ealond on Wiht 
is prittizes mila lang east and west. axooo Boeth. Metr. 
xiil. 59 (Gr.) Sio sunne .. nord eft and east Eldum odewed, 
¢ 1200 OrMIN 7270 We sx3henn est in ure lond piss newe 
kingess sterrne. 1ago Lay. 23223 Ferden heo est ferden 
heo west. 1473 Warkw. Chron. (1839) 22 It [a comet] 
arose ester and ester, till it arose full este. 1526 Pilgr. 
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 35 b, Where it weneth to go eest, 
1562 J. Heywoop Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 41 
Alwaie the longe east the shorter west. pre as Gen. 
xiii. 11 Lot iourneyed East. 1828 J. H. Moore Pract. 
Navig. (ed. 20) 144 If the place be any distance east or 
west of Greenwich. 1832 Act 2 §& 3 Will. IV, \xiv. Sched. 
O. 38 A straight line drawn due east to a point one hundred 
yards distant. 
b. About east: in U.S. slang ‘regularly’, in 
proper style, as it should be. 

a 1860 H. Bicerow Lett. in Family Comp. (Bartlett), I 
did walk into the beef and ’taters and foe about east, 
1864 Lowe. Biglow P. Wks. (1879) 231 To find out what 
was about east and to shape his course accordingly. 

3. quasi-sé. Preceded by te . from, on, etc. 

¢ 1200 OrmIN 11258 All piss middellzrd iss ec O fowwre da- 
less daledd Onn Est, 0 Wesst, o Sup, o Norp. a1aqgo 
Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom.265 As swifte as be sunne gleam 
pe scheot from est into west. ar Cursor M. 2212 Fra 
est he broght a felauscap vnto pe feld of sennar. 

B. sd. 

1. subst. use of A. 2. The portion of the horizon 
or of the sky near the place of the sun’s rising. 
More definitely, that one of the cardinal points 
near which the sun rises. 

c1180 Newminster Cartud, (1878) 118 Versus le Est. ¢1300 
St, Brandan 35 Towards than Est so fur we wende. 1340 
slyend, 124 Sle3pe: hit wereb wyp pet yeast be porueynge 
aye be perils. c1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Est, oriens. 1 
CoverpaLe Eze&. viii. 16 Fyue and twenty men. .turned.. 
their faces towarde the easte. 1599 SHaks. Much Ado v. 
iii. 27 The gentle day. .Dapples the drowsie East with spots 
of or 1655 H. VaucHan Silex Scint. 1. CY Herbs sleep 
unto the East. 1732 Pope = Cobham 64 The Wind just 
shifted from the East. 1850 Tennyson /m Mem. xcv, And 
East and West .. Mixt their dim lights .. To broaden into 
boundless day. 

b. 70 the east (of): (situated) in an eastward 
direction (from), 

1778 Rosertson Hist, Amer. I. 431 If the countries. ,had 
been situate to the east of those whose longitude mariners 
had ascertained, Mod, Barking is 7 miles to the east of 
London. ; 

2. The eastern part of the world, the orient; 
the eastern part of a — district, or town, 

a 1300 Cursor M. 3384 Pai held .. be landes pat war til- 
ward pe est. ¢1380 Wycir Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 339 Pre 
kingis camen afer out of pe eest. 1482 Caxton Chron. Eng. 
xxil. 2t The real wey from the eest in to the west was called 
watling strete. 1535 Coverpate Ezek. xxv. 4, I will de- 
lyuer y® to the people of the east. 1667 Mitton P. L. u. 3 

here the aormeres East..Showrs on her Kings Barbaric 
Pearl. 1732 BerkeLey A (ciphr. vi. § 27 There was a general 
expectation in the east a Messiah. 1853 RosEertson 
Serm. Ser, ut, iii, (1872) 38 In the same East, men take off 
their sandals in devotion. 


3. = East-winp. 


adopted into 
bu Fe: atte, Pa. dhe date) 


a wy Sonneries Elegies xx. 12 Where the east for 
ever... blows. 1785 Cowper Tash tv. 363 The hful 
Of the infirm, 1864 Bry- 


East, That. .searches nag: Gag cad the 

ant Return o Birds iv, blustering East shall blow. 
C. as adj, That is situated in or adjacent to the 

eastern part of anything ; that is towards the east ; 

oriental, easterly. Formerly often used where 

eastern would now generally be preferred. 

The adjectival use of the word arises from the analysis of 
compounds like OE. éast-d#d (see D, 1), the first element of 
which, having a virtually adjectival force, came to be re- 
garded as a separable word. 

¢1175 Lamb, Hom. 5 (Christ) rad in et = sut.geee pere 
burh, 1297 R. Grouc. (1810) 2 Temese by the Est syde, 
@ 1300 Cursor M, 11395 A folk., Wonnand be est occean. 
¢1400 Maunpev. xiv. 156 Ethiope is d ..in the Est 
partie, and in the Meridionelle partie. 1413 Lypc. Pylgr. 
Sow/e v. xiv. 81 The sonne. . hastyd hym vpward toward the 
eest oryson. 1593 Hooker Eecd. Pol w. i, The East and 
West Churches. Futrer Holy § £ St. ui. vii. 167 
An East window welcomes the infant beams of the Sun, 
1693 Evetyn Compl. Gard. 1. 30 There are four sorts of 
Expositions, the East, the West, the South and the North, 

D. In Combination. 
1. Combined with sb., as in + east-deal, eastern 


part; teast-half (cf. ON. austr-halfr), eastern or 


easterly side ; + Bast-man (see quot.) ; east-sea, 
a sea on the east side of a , or in an eastern 
region of the world; formerly as the pro) 
name of the Baltic [= Ger. Ostsee]. See a 
EAST-COUNTRY, -END, -LAND, -WIND, ESTRICHE. 
(The combs. of this class still in use are now 
commonly written without hyphen, and east re- 
meee dee Cop ees, 

€ 1000 4 5 ii. 2 We won hys steorran on 
ge pon 


le. ¢1200 ORMIN 1 werelld 
iss Anatole ay hay ar 9 ae a 
mikle stand fra. an. 894 


898 O. E. Chron. 
Dem monnum pe on “east healfe bere e wi 1200 
Ormin 3430 He sette a steorrne upp o pe lifft. .Onn est hallf 
off piss middellard. c er. Troy 10581 He grauntid 
po grete a graunt for to In the entre of the est halfe. 
1610 HoLtanp Camden's Brit. 1. 68 The Oustmans, as one 
would say Esterlings or *. came out of. .Germanie 
into Ireland. c890 K. Aitrrep Beda 1. xii, Fram *east 
sx ob west sw. ¢1305 St. Kenelm 18 in E. E. P. (1862) 
re Temese {gob into pe est see. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4669/3 

Danish Frigot arrived from the East-Sea. : 

b. Prefixed to names of countries or districts, 
usually with sense ‘ eastern ion of.,.’, as in 
East Germany, East London; often forming the 
recognized name of a political or administrative 
division, as East Prussia, East Derbyshire. Also 
prefixed to adjs. of territorial signification, as Last- 
midland, East-central ; and to names of peoples, 
as East-Goths (= Ostengn)s East-Franks. 

898 O. E. Chron. an, 894 Norphymbre ond Eastengle hef- 
don abas geseald. 1513-75 Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 40 Vpoun 
jt 


the xxvj day of September, the Homes wan eist-Nisbet. 
1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. 357) 196 The hes 
& Lumbardes, obtained Italy. 1817 Edin. Rev. XXIX. 49 


The —— aoe we Sr a a _ Wy ee 

rsonal abuse. 1641 «+ SPALDING a ~ £8 . 

e East-Goths had a strongly pee ok 5 pot a og 

2. With ppl. adj., as + east-surprised; east- 
bound, eastward bound (chiefly in America of 
railway traffic). as 

Nasue Lent. Stuffe (1871) 29 B proportion of 
Pa login ery rt nd late el, -to configurate 
a twin-like image of it. 188 Chic Times 12 Mar., The 
east-bound express was held at North Platte. 1882 Times 
22 Mar. 5/3 East bound freight rates. 

3. East-south-east, East-north-east: the points 
of the compass distant 224° from due East ; Zast- 
by-South, East-by-North: the dye distant 11}° 
from due East. Used as sb., adj., and adv. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. 1. vi. (Arb.) 87 An Eastsouth- 
easte wynde arose. 1594 Davis Seaman's Secr. (1607) 14 
East and by north raiseth a degree in sailing 102 
and a mile. 1713 Lond. Gaz. No. 5141/3 A Sand lies almost 
East and by Cath, half Southerly from the Spurn Light. 
1725 De For Voy. round W. gent blow stood away 
east, and a Ibid. 302 (We] stood away. .east- 
north-east. /ééd, 335 A much larger river. .which. .ran east- 
by-south towards the sea. 1742 Wooproore in Hanway 7rav. 
(1762) I. 11. xxiii, 98 A li 5 breees operas pega meee 
east, we weighed. ANA Geol. ix. (1850) 489 The course 
of a fissure is east-by-north. 

East (ist), v. [f. prec.] a. intr. To move, turn, 
or veer towards the east. Cf. Eastine vé/. 5d. b, 
ref. To orientate, find out one’s true position. 

1858 O. Brownson Wks. V. 202 He must make many a 
turning. . before he can east himself. 

Ea‘st-cow:ntry. An castern ereog in 
18th c. applied spec. to the region of the Baltic ; 
cf. Easttanp, Esrricue. Also attrib. 

r70r J. Law Counc. Trade (1751) 141 Since by them they 

ill be capable of ay gs corn in the east-countrys. 1709 
Lond. Gaz. No. 4604/4 Will be exposed to publick 
..about 730 Quarters of a ingeag’ Med 1710 Lbid, 
No. 4708/4 Inquire at the Works, or Royal Exchange East 
Country-Walk in hange Time. 1719 W. Woop Surv. 
Trade 120 Our Trade to the East Indies and East Country 
is as free to us as ever, 

+ Eastee-man. 

1681 E, Wurtaker /gnoramus Fust. 18 To turn Informer, 
Promoter, or Eastee-man, unless in case of a Riot, or such 
like, the Constable can do no such thing but at his own Peril. 

+Ea‘sten, az. Ods. Forms: 3 wsten, 6 Sc. 
estin. [f. East +-eN; cf. NortHen. In quot, 1205 
the reading wsterne (EASTERN) has been suggested ; 
in quot. 1549 the word ma pee, resent 
OE. éastan: see East.] a. Belonging to em. 
countries ; b. Coming from the east ; easterly. 

e Lay. 27393 Eorles and dukes eke of estene weorlde. 
1549 Compl. Sor. vi. (1872) 61 The .. cardinal vynd callit 
subsolanus..quhilk the vulgaris callis estin vynd, 

Ea:st-e'nd. The easterly extremity of any- 
thing. In mod. use often sfec. The eastern part 
of London, Hence Ba:st-e’nder, an inhabitant 
of the East End. i. Fs ¥e 

O. E. Chron, o. wt miclan wuda 

PAndred hata®. ¢ 140g Lav. 28305 pee wind 


wende, & stod of pan ast M. 
1251 Toward aun dale. 1883 Brack Shandon 
Molt Css hag, ish tone serestyped “ eat 
London. 1886 Vbid. 4 Apr. 1/1 East-enders have 
several ad . over the West-enders. 


vantages 
Easter (i'stoz), 53.1 Forms: 1 (as pl.) 6astron, 
-un, -an, wt nas Northumb. 6astro, 6o0stro, 
éostru; (as sing.) éastre, Vorthumd. éostro; 
genit. (as pl.) eastreno, -ana, eastra; (as sing.) 


"a! i ot 


EASTER. 


éastran, orthumd. éastres, 6ostres; 2 eastran, 
eastren, 3, 5 eastre, 3-6 esterne, 4-6 ester, (4 
hestern), 5 aster(e, estren(e, eesterne, estryn, 
6 estur, 6- easter. [OE. dastre wk. fem.=OHG. 
éstara; more freq. in plural éastron, corresponding 
to OHG. dstoron (MHG., mod.G. ostern pl.) ; the 
strong forms occas. appearing seem to have been 
derived from the combining form éastor-. Beda 
Temp. Rat. xv. derives the word from Lostre 
(Northumb. spelling of Zastve), the name of a 
goddess whose festival was celebrated at the vernal 
equinox ; her name (:—OTeut. *austvén- cogn. w. 
Skr. wsv@ dawn; see East) shows that she was 
originally the dawn-goddess. ] 

1. One of the great festivals of the Christian 
Church, commemorating the resurrection of Christ, 
and corresponding to the Jewish passover, the name 
of which it bears in most of the European langs. 
(Gr. macxd, ad. Heb. pésah, L. pascha, Fr. Pagques, 
It. Pasqua, Sp. Pascua, Du. pask). According to 
the modern rule it is observed on the first Sunday 
after the calendar full moon—i.e. ‘not the actual full 
moon, but the 14th day of the calendar moon’ (Bp. 
Butcher)—which happenson or next after 21 March. 
In ordinary language Laster is often applied to the 
entire week commencing with Easter Sunday. 

c K. itrrep Beda y. xxi. Ic das tide Eastrena 
ecelice healdan wille. cx1ogo Ags. Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 
471 Phase, eastran. ax123 O. £. Chron. an. 1101 Heold 
se cyng Heanrig his hired .. to Eastran on Winceastre. 
c1z00 Trix. Coll. Hom. 101 Pe pre dage biforen estre 
[ben] cleped swidages. cx1250 Gen, § Ex. 3288 Dor-of in 
esterne be we wunen Seuene sides to funt cumen. ¢ 1300 
St. Brandan 148 Ther 3e shulle this Ester beo. 1389 in 
Eng. Gilds (1870) 35 Pe soneday fourtnythe after esterne. 
1420 Chron. Vilod. 785 Pis miracle was pus..y do, In 
be Astere nexste after hurre body dyenge. 1440 Promp. 
Parv. 143 Eesterne, Pascha. 1450-1530 Myrr. Our Ladye 
278 From passyon Sonday tyl Esterne. 1480 Caxton Chron. 
ng. ccxxxiii, 254 The clergye.. wold not graunte vnto 
Estre next comyng: 1593 Hooxer Lccé. Pol. wv. xi, Keep- 
ing the feast of Easter on the same day the Jews kept 
theirs. 1655 FuLLER CA. Hist. 1. 55 The Springtime, wherein 
the Feast of Easter..was celebrated. 1782 Prirsttry Cor- 
rupt, Chr. I. vit. 129 The first .. festival .. that was ob- 
served..was Easter. 1837 Howitt Rur. Life v1. iv. (1862) 
432 Easter was the great festival of the Church. 

+2. The Jewish passover. Ods. 

971 Blickl. Hom. 67 Helend cwom syx dagum zr Iudea 
eastrum. cx000 Ags. Gosp. Mark xiv. 1 AEfter twam da- 
gum weeron eastron. 1398 TRevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. 
xxxi. (1495) 366 Ester is callyd in Ebrewe Phase, that is 
Passynge other passage. 1535 CoverpALe Ezek, xlv. 21 

pon ye xiiij. daye of the first moneth ye shal kepe Easter. 
1563 Homilies u. reanccange 4 1. (1859) 453 Easter, a great, 
and solemne feast among the Jewes. 1611 Biste Acts 
xii. 4 Intending after Easter to bring him foorth. 

3. Comb. and attrib. 

a. Obvious combinations : in sense I, as easter- 
festival, -gambols, -holidays, -lamb (see also b), 
-morning, + -morrow, } -pence, -Sunday (-Monday, 
- Tuesday, etc.), -tide, -time, -week. 

¢1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 133 On Eester mone- 
dai. 1460 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) ru He ros on 
estryn morwe. ¢1440 Gesta Rom. \xii. 266 (Add. MS.) Our 
Lord Jhesu Crist, the whiche many desire for to norisshe, 
and namly in Esterne tyme. 14.. Prose St. Brandan 
(Percy) 39 A place lyke Paradyse wherein they shold kepe 
theyr Eestertyde. 1517 TorKincton Pilgr. (1884) 66 Ther 
we a bode..Ester evyn, Ester Day, And also Ester mun- 
day.. Ester cen ing «we Departyd. 1676 Marvett Mr. 
Smirke Wks. 1875 1V. 11 [Some] would.. have ventur’d 
their coffer-farthing, yea their Easter-pence by advance. 
1722 Lond. Gaz. No. 6052/t The Easter-Holidays having 

assed. 1815 Scort Ld. of /sles 1. xxviii, How there the 

aster gambols pass, 1826 in Cobbett Rum. Rides Il. 193 
The house-lambs and the early Easter-lambs. 1885 Manch. 
Exam. 6 Apr. 5/2 The weather this Eastertide is bright. 

b. Special combs., as easter-book, an account- 
book for recording easter-dues; easter - dues, 
money payable at Easter to the parson of a parish 
by the parishioners; easter-eggs, eggs painted 
in bright colours, which it was (and, by a partial 
revival, still is) customary to present to friends at 
Easter (= Pack-rces); eastereve, }-even, the 
evening, and hence the day, before Easter-Sunday ; 
*+easter-lamb, the paschal lamb; easter-offer- 
ing = easter-dues; formerly also used for the 
paschal sacrifice ; + easter-supper, the passover ; 
easter-taper [L. cereus paschalis|, a taper used in 
church ceremonies at Easter. Also EASTER-DAY. 

1546 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. xo Item the *Easter Booke 
communibus Annis, Ixvjs. viijd. 1642 Futter Holy A 
St. m1. xxv. 229 Necessity will..make him study his Easter- 
book more then all other Writers. 1825 Hone Zvery-day Bk, 
I. 426 *Easter Eggs..pass about at Easter week under the 
name of fask, paste, or paceeggs. ¢1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 95 
On *estereuen gon abuten pe fantston. 1594 Hooker Zcc/. 
Pol. v. (1617) 391 That one Sabboth or Saturday which falleth 
out to bee the Easter-eue. rg98 Haxtuyr Voy, I. 66 Vpon 
Easter even we were called ynto the tent. 1535 CovERDALE 1 
Esdr. vii. 10 They that came out of captiuyte, kylled the 
*easter lambe. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xxx. os esus the 
true Easterlamb. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) [1.339 Iosue 
ae enero nge. 1818 Bentuam Ch. Eng, 422 Were 
it only by Easter-offerings. 1548 UpAtt, etc. Zrasm. Par, 
Mark xiv. 15 There prepare you for vs our “easter souper, 


19 


1848 Secret Soc. Mid. Ages 361 The bone. .he had filled with 
the wax of an *Easter-taper, and with incense. 1818 Cruise 
Digest Il. 477 The fine levied. .in *Easter term 1697. 

aster, 53.2 dial, Forms: 6 astire, 9 ester, 
7- easter. See also Astre. [a. OF. aistre, astre 
(mod.F. d¢ve) hearth.] (See quot.) 

1541 Schole-house of Women in Hazlitt £. P. P.1V. 129 
Bad her take the pot..set it abooue upon the astire. 1674 
Ray JN. C. Wds., Easter, the back of the chimney or chim- 
ney stock. 1848 A. B. Leicestershire Wds., Ester, back of 
the fire-place. ‘My hay..is as black as the Ester.’ 

+ Ea'ster, 2. Ols. Also 4 ester, 6 Sc. eister. 
[perh. comparative of East a. (OE. had éasterra) ; 
possibly suggested by Du. ooster- in compounds.] 
Nearest the east; eastern (part of a country, a 
building, etc.). Also in comb., as caster-board. 

1387 TrevisA Higden (1865) I. 257 Boemya is pe firste 
prouince of pat ester Germania. 1513-75 Diurn. Occurr, 
(1833) ee Colvillis sone [was restoirit] to his landis of 
eister Syncs 1591 Harincton tr. Aviosto's Orl. Fur. 
xx. vi, The dawning brake, and all the Easter parts were 
full of light. 1622 k. Hawkins Voy, S. Sea (1847) 117 
This bay is all sandie and cleane ground on the easter part. 
Ibid. 135 One evening, being calme, and a goodly cleare in 
the easter-boord, I willed our anchor to be weyed. 1708 
Lond. Gaz. No. 4430/4 The Town of Anstruther-Easter. 1777 
Warson Philip 11 (1793) I. x. 448 Covering it from north to 
south, that is, from the Easter to the Wester Scheld, with 
water. 1816 Scotr Old Mort. x, He’s keeping guard o’er 
Milnwood in the easter round of the tower. 

Ea‘ster -da‘y. For forms see Easter. [OE, 
éastor-dxg, f. éastor- combining form of éastron, 
Easter; some of the ME. and early mod. forms 
are f. the genit. or nom.] Easter Sunday. 

e175 Lamb, Hom. 45 Uwilc sunne-dei is to locan alswa 
ester dei. c1z00 7vin. Coll. Hom. 61 Forte pene buresdai 
biforen estrene dai. dd. 99 Pis dai is cleped estre dai. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.1x. xxxi. (1495) 367 Eester 
daye is tyme of gladnesse. 1447 BoKENHAM Seyztys (1835) 
180 On esterne day next folwyng. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 
29 He helde vnlawfully esterday. 1517 TorKincton Pilgr. 
(1884) 53 He sawe..Criste rysen vpon Estern Day. @1641 
Sucxiinc Ballad Wedding Poems (1648) 38 No sun upon 
an Easter day Is half so fine a sight. 

Ea‘stering, //.a. rare. [?f. EASTER a. + 
-ING 2; cf. westering.] Shifting eastward. 

é a Morris Sigurd 1. 202 As the eastering wind shall 
ead. 

+ Ea‘sterling. Ods. exc. Hist. [app. f. Easter 
a. +-LING, prob. after Du. oosterling. 

The word seems not to have been found as Eng. before 
16th c. In Anglo-French and Anglo-Lat. sterding(us, ester- 
Zing(us appear in the 13th c., but only in the sense of ‘ster- 
ling penny’ or ‘pennyweight’ (cf. “bre sterilensium, stert- 

-lensis monetz in Ordericus Vitalis, a 1142); in Matt. Paris 
moneta esterlingorum seems to mean ‘the coinage of sterling 

ennies’, not ‘the coin of the easterlings’ ; nordo AF. phrases 
ike ‘vint soutz desterlings’, ‘cinkaunte mars desterlings’ 
show that ester/ings was understood to be the name of a 
people. The antiquaries of the 16th and 17th c., however, 
assumed that the ‘esterling’ was so called as having been 
coined by the Easterlings or Hanse merchants ; hence they 
use easterling money as a transl. of soneta esterlingorum, 
etc. See STERLING.] 

A native of the east. 

lL. spec. A native of eastern Germany or the 
Baltic coasts ; chiefly applied to the citizens of the 

Hanse towns. 

1534 WrioTHESLEY Chron. (1875) I. 24 Alis Gray, and 
Wolfe, an Esterlinge. 1538 Levanp /¢z7. VI. 57 Many 
Esterlinges were buried there. 1598 Haxtuyr Voy. I. 6 
Witland is apperteining to the Easterlings. 1611 Sprep 
Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvii. (1632) 878. 1668 Cuitp Disc. Trade 
(ed. 4) 127 The Danes, Swedes, Holsteiners, and all Easter- 
lings, who..import .. Eastern Commodities. 1662 Futter 
Worthies 1. xxii. 67 The High-Dutch of the Hans Towns 
- (known bs Fy name of Easterlings). 1771 Gotpsm. /7s¢. 
Eng. 1. 251 The city of Wexford, and the two adjoining dis- 
tricts..were then in possession of the Easterlings. 

b. attrib. Zasterling money: see etymology. 

1605 CAMDEN Rev. (1657) 184 Money coined in the East 
parts of Germany..was called Easterling money. 1641 
Termes de la Ley 176 Guilhalda Teutonicorum is used for 
the fraternity of Easterling Merchants in London called the 
Stilyard. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 145 A Tax being 
laid upon these Easterling Clothes. 1871 J. C. Apams in 
C. Davies Metr. Syst, u1. 112 The Rochelle and easterling 
pound was therefore the same. 

e. A ship of Germany or the Baltic countries. 

1563 Mirr. Mag., Hastings xxi. 3 At hand whole fleet of 
easterlynges. T. Srarrorp Pac, Hib, xi. (1821) 593 
The ships that were descryed being a Fleet of Easterlings. 

d. [trans]. Anglo-L. esterlingus.) The weight 
of the easterling or sterling penny ; a penny-weight, 
gy of an ounce. 

1605 CampEN Kem. (1637) 185 In a pound there ought to 
be eleven ounces, two Easterlings and one ferling, and the 
other allay. i 2 

2. gen. An inhabitant of an eastern country or 
district ; also,a member of the Eastern Church. arch. 

1561 Daus tr. Budlinger on Afoc. (1573) 279 b, In..1215 
he [Pope Innocent III] helde a gen eeacrcall in Late- 
rane, wherin warre was declared agaynst the Easterlinges. 
1865 CALFHILL Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 156 John, the 
legate of the Easterlings, brought forth another reason. 
1577 Even & Wittes Hist. Trav. 230b, The farre South 
asterlynges doe know this Fm of Europe by no other 
name then Portugall. » OLLAND Ammt. Marcell. xxx. 
xvi. 431 The. .regiment of Easterlings [Orvientadis turmai.e. 
Saracenorum] got the upper hand. ~ Jer. Taytor Gt. 
Exemp. 1. xv. 84 It was a custome of the Easterlings, and 
ofthe Roman Empire generally. 1688 Br. Parker Keasons 
Abrog. Test 107 Mahomet gives them that name of Zabii, 


EASTERN. 


because they lay Eastward from Arabia, for so the Word 
signifies Easterlings. 1816 Soutney Left, (1856) III. 19 Of 
all the Easterlings, the Persians are the worst. 1855 K1nGs- 
Ley Westw. [1o. (1861) 4 One west country man can fight 
two easterlings. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. ut. 124 
With Easterlings and his own country-folk they dealt, 

See quot. 

1802 G. Montacu Ornith. Dict. (1833) 161 Easterling, a 
name for the Smew. 

+ Easterly, a! Os. [f. Easter sd. +-tv1.] 
Pertaining to Easter or to the passover. 

c1000 Ags. cry 9 Luke ii. 42 Hy foron to hierusalem to 
pam easterlican freolse. c1x75 Lamb, Hom. 89 Das fifti 
da3es fram pan esterliche deie beod alle ihalzode to ane 
herunge. 1450-1530 Myrr. Our Ladye 135 Pryncypally 
amongest these estirnly solempnytes. 

Easterly (7'stasli), 2.2 and adv. [? f. Easter a. 
+-LY; cf. Du. oosterlijk in same sense.] A. ad/. 

1. Situated towards the east. 

1548 Tuomas /tal. Gram., Orientale, easterlie. 1609 Dov- 
LAND Ornith. Microl. 87, 1 would have the Easterly Franci 
to follow the best manner, 1655 Mouret & Bennet Health's 
Improv. (1746) 85 Easterly ‘Towns .. are more wholesome 
than the westerly. 175 Percivar in PAzl. Trans. XLVI. 
218 Condate being placed in the road to Mediolanum shews 
it to be easterly of Chester. 1869 Dunkin Adidn. Sky 43 
The most easterly part of this constellation. 

2. Coming from the east: chiefly of the wind, 
rarely of merchandise. 

1559 Morwyrnc Lvonynt. 399 Then kepe by itself an unce 
of easterly saffron well beaten. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 662 
Cold and Easterly Winds. a i Dx. Ricumonp in Burke's 
Corr. (1844) I. 399 Going to Uppark in this easterly wind, 
has made me quite ill. 1816 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. §& Art 
II. 43 ‘The wind in the Atlantic. .is almost always easterly. 

B. adv. In an eastern position or direction. Of 
the wind: From the east, or a point nearly east. 

1635 Brereton Trav. (1844) 77 During this time the wind 
stood most easterly. 1691 Lond. Gaz. 2640/3 It blew hard 
Easterly. 1691 Ray Creation 11.(1701)195 To them that live 
more easterly. 1820 Scorr A/onast. 11, ‘Vo get into the 
little valley of Glendearg he had to proceed easterly. 

Easter-ma‘giant, ma‘ngiant. dal. In 
Cumberland, the green tops of Bistort (L. Polygo- 
num Bistorta) which are eaten (Britten and H.). 

+ Ea'stermost, «. Ods. [f. Easter a. + -Most, 
in place of the earlier Eastmosr ; cf. dettermost, 
uppermost, etc. Now superseded by EasTERN- 
most.] Most easterly; situated farthest to the east. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 381 The eastermost 
tree is the hyghest. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. 287 The 
..Easter-most Hils of Tyre. 1704 Collect. Voy.§ Trav. 111. 
51/2 The bigger Island..is the Eastermost. 1832 J. C. Hare 
in Philological Museum 1.175 The eastermost Pelasgian 
country on the Propontis. 

Eastern (7'‘stam), a. and sé, Forms: 1 éas- 
terne, 3 estrin, 4estren, estern(e, 6-7 easterne, 
7- eastern. [OE. éasterne = OS. dstroni, OHG. 
éstrént (wind), ON. austrenn:—OTeut. *azs- 
trénjo-, {. *austr- East ; for the suffix dxjo- (? = L. 
-dneus) cf. northern, southern, western.) 

A. adj. ; 

1. Of or pertaining to the east side of the 
world, to countries in the East, or to the empire 
of the East; dwelling in the East; Oriental. 
Eastern Church: the great communion otherwise 
called the Greek Church. astern question: a 
general term for the political problems relating to 
Eastern Europe. 

aro00 Ags. Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 228 Zoi magi, easterne 
tungelwitegan. a@1300 Cursor M. 11388 A prophet of estrin- 
land, hight balaam, crafti and bald. 1593 Hooker £ccé. 
Pol. w. xi, His desire was that of the two the Easterne 
Church should rather yield. 1606 Suaxs. Ant, & CZ. v. ii. 

1r Oh Easterne Starre. 1732 Pore Ess. Man u. 27 As 

Sastern priests in giddy circles run. 1872 Mortry Voltaire 
(1886) 82 The simple political conception of an eastern tale, 
a good-tempered despot with a sage vizier. we 

3. Lying towards the east; having a position 
relatively east; facing eastward. 

1593 SHAKS. Rich. //, m1, ii. 42 He [the sun] fires the prowd 
tops of the Easterne Pines. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. 1. 541 The 
eastern Gate of Paradise. a1719 Appison (J.), The eastern 
end of the isle rises up in precipices. 1841 W. Spapinc 
Italy & It. Isl. 11, 18 The greatest names of the church con- 
tinued to be found in the eastern quarter of the empire. 
1860 TYNDALL Glac. 1. § 11. 74 A pale light now overspread 
the eastern sky. q : 

b. Having an eastward direction. vare. 

a@1719 Appison (J.), A ship at sea has no certain method in 
either her eastern or western voyages. 

8. Of the wind: Blowing from the east. oer. 

axo0o Czdmon's Gen. 315 (Gr.) Donne cymd on uhtan 
easterne wind. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N. m1. ii 142 Fan'd with 
the Easterne winde. 1762 FALCONER Shipwr.t. (R.) When 
eastern breezes yet enervate rise. 1842 Tennyson Audley 
Crt..52 She was sharper than an eastern wind. 

B. sé. a. An inhabitant of the East; an 

oriental. b. A member of the Eastern Church. 

¢1000 ZExrric Yob (Thwaite) 167 (Bosw.) Se wer wes swide 
mzere betwux eallum easternum, 1862 J. Gapssy in Spur- 
geon Treas. Dav. Ps, cxix. 136 Mostof the easterns shed tears 
much more copiously than the people of Sarees, 1865 Pusry 
Truth Eng. Ch. 60 S. Meletius ined in the 
of the Easterns. 1884 Graphic 4 Oct. 360/2 These degene- 
rate Easterns, who..rush at and devour French novels of 
the lowest type. : 

Hence Ea‘sterner (U.S.), an inhabitant of one 
of the eastern or New England states. 

8-2 


EASTERNLY. 
1864 Lowe Biglow P. Wks. (1879) 246 One hears such 
not 


ig us 
spanenty (zstoanli), a, & adv. [f. prec. + -LY.] 
+ A. adj. Situated to the eastward, or on the 
east side; of the wind, blowing from the east; 
=EAsTeRLy. Obs. 

1594 BLunpevit Zrerc. viii. (ed. 7) 790 You shall easily 
draw the Easternly Meridians. 1614 nu Hist. World 
L 39 These hottest regions of the world. .are refreshed with 
a daily gale of Easternely wind. 1688 Lond. Gaz, No. 
2325/1 Volhinia, the most Ristesty Province of Lithuania. 

B. adv. + a. In an eastern position (ods.). b. In 
an eastern manner}; after the fashion of the Easterns 
(rare). 

1765 Micuett in Phil. Trans. LV. 76 Somewhere about 
the place D, a little less easternly than the point of the 
sand. 1883 Athenaum 9 June 724/1 Men who know nothing 
of the East..and cannot think easternly. 

Easternmost (7‘stammoast, -moust), a. [f. 
as prec. + -MosT; cf. Easrermost, Eastmost.] 
Situated farthest to the east ; also (#once-use), of 
a character most essentially oriental. 

1830 Lyeiy Princ. Geol. (1875) II. mt. xli. 418 The species 
are most numerous in the Easternmost islands. 1859 SmILes 
Stephenson 51 The railway .. crosses this road close by the 
easternmost end of the cottage. 1861 Srantey Last. Ch. i. 
(1869) 5 Easternmost of all the Eastern Churches, eastern- 
most in thought and custom always, and easternmost in 
situation also. 1 Law Rep. XI11. Queen's B. 675 The 
defendants’ colliery is the easternmost in the group. 

+ Ea:st India. Ods. exc. attrib. Formerly 
used =(7he) East Inpies. Last India Company: 
a company formed for carrying on an East Indian 
trade, especially the English a bee incorpo- 
rated in 1600, and described in its charter as ‘ The 
Company of Merchants of London trading to the 
East Indies’, which from 1773 exercised political 
power in the East, and had the chief part in the 
administration of the affairs of Hindostan, till 
1858, when the government was assumed by the 
Crown. Last India fly, an East Indian species 
of Cantharis or blister-fly; Hast /nudiaman, a 
ship of large tonnage engaged in the East India 
trade. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 187,1 account so farre of East 
India, as is from eighteene degrees north. .to..Cape Com- 
rein. 1655 E. Terry (f7t/e), A Voyage to East India. 
a1691 Boyte Wks. VI. 192 (R.) Our own eight East India 
ships .. are all safe in our harbours. 1703 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 3980/4 Lost a New East-India Company's Bond .. for 
1502. 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 31 P2 A Boatswain of an 
East-India Man. 1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. Trade 49 The 
East India Company was incorporated about..1600. 1844 
Lp. BroucHam Brit. Comst, xx. (1862) 395 The crew of a 
West Indiaman oran East Indiaman. __ : 

b. In Anglo-Indian use sometimes attrib, = 
EURASIAN. 

1831 Asiatic Frnl. New Ser. VI. 11. 106 Some elaborate 
speeches ..were delivered by members of the East-India 
community. 

Ea st Indian, a. and sd. [f. as prec. +-aN.] 

A. as adj. 1. Of or pertaining to the East Indies. 

1553 Even Treat. New IJnd. \Arb.) 8 The Ilandes of 
Molucca situate in the mayne Easte Indian Sea. 1601 Hot- 
LAND Pliny 1. 105 From the coast of the East Indian sea. 

2. In Anglo-Indian use ; = EURASIAN a. 

1831 Asiatic Frnl. New Ser. VI. 1. 106 The Calcutta 
East-Indian petition. 1849 Calcutta Rev. XI. 74 The pre- 
sent situation and prospects of the East-Indian body. 

B. as sb. A Eurasian. 

1831 Asiatic Frni. New Ser. VI. 1. 106 A meeting of East- 
Indians took place at the Town Hall. 1849 Calcutta Rev. 
XI, 74 The East-Indians obtained the privilege of sitting 
on the.. Juries. 

Ea:st Indies. A geographical term, in- 
cluding Hindostan, Further India, and the islands 
beyond. Opposed to the West Zndies or Central 
American islands. 

1598 Suaks. Merry W.1. iii. 79 They shall be my East 
and West Indies, and I will trade to them both. a 1667 
Cow.ey Misty. (1710) I. 82 Mine her fair East-Indies were 
above. 1837 Penny Cyc. 1X. 252 The East Indies include 
also the islands of the Indian Ocean. 

i (7'stin), vd2. sb. [f. East +-1nG1. 

1. Naut. ‘The course made good, or gained to 
the eastward’ (Adm. —— 

1628 Dicsy Voy. Medit. (1868) 91 For easting and westing, 
a diligence is required not to fall into error. "i 

ucaniers Amer. i, (1698) 169 My whole easting I reckon: 

to be now 677 oe and 4 ofa — 1748 Anson Voy. 
i. iv, (ed. 4) 233 Without hailing in for the main to secure 
our easting. 1781 Biacpen in PAI. Trans, LXXI. 339 We 
..made some easting to keep clear of the dangerous - ahah 
1802 Pravrair //lustr. Hutton. The. 230 To compute from 
the o bearings the amount of all the .. ing or 
westing. 1860 L. Bitton in Merc. Mar. Mag. VII. 289, I 
ran down my easting in 38° S. ; 
_2. An approach to an Mage direction ; a slop- 
ing or veering eastwards. Of a wind or ocean 
current ; A shifting eastward of the point of origin; 
easterly direction. 

.3855 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea vii. § 
tion does im; easting to these winds there is no doubt. 
1862 Dana Man. Geol. 539 In Maine the courses [of the 
rock-; vings) have an unusual amount of easting. 1865 
Pall Mall G. 25 Aug. 11/1 This very gregade .. has there 
{at Malta decided easting in it, may well have blown 
St. Paul from Crete thither. 


That diurnal rota- 


20 
3. Ofa heavenly body: The reaching the eastern 


point of its apparent daily pet. - 
P Pyramid i - hing, 
B24 Sal matin of tesventy Geli 


Eastland (7'stland). [f. Easr+Lanp.] 

1. a. gen, An eastern country or di . Now 
only poet. +b. spec. (in 14th-17th c.): The lands 
bordering on the Baltic. 

1000 AEirric Gen. xxix. 1 Witodlice pa he [Jacob] com to 
pam eastlande. axzazag Leg. Ki —_ me Wittiest ha weren 
of alle pe meistres pat weren in est! c St. Kenelm 
43 Of westsex & of humberlond; & of estl 1382 Wycuir 

eM. XXiXx. I <= thanne forth goon, cam into the est 
loond. 1§.. Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1814) 357 
Mr. Normand Galloway .. was in the eastland. (xb70 
Morris Zarthly Par. U1. 1v. 185 And emeralds from far 
east lands brought.] 

2. attrib. 

1379 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) 111. 102 Et in iiij Estlandborde 
[4 e. planks from Norway] emp. ad ponend. subtus le Table 
-.12d. 1580 Invent. (1815) 301 (Jam.) Item, in the chalmer of 
deis ane stand bed of eistland tymmer with ruf and pannell 
of the same. 21618 Raeicu /xv. Shipping 10 South part of 
the Baltick, or Eastland Sea. 1668 Cup Disc. Trade 
(ed. 4) 127 The Eastland and Norway Merchants, who affirm 
.. their Trade is much declined since the passing the Act of 
Navigation. 1691 T. H[aLe] Acc. New /nvent. p. xix, 
Would. .send a great deal of Money for Eastland Firr. x 
Lond. Gaz. No. 3880/4 Two of the Convoys to our homeward- 
bound Eastland Fleet. 1727 W. Matuer Yung. Man's agi 
410 The Eastland Company. . enjoying by their charter. .the 
‘Trade of.. Norway, Sweedland, Poland. 1734 Watts Relig. 
Fuv. (1789) 184 Phronimus, a considerable east-land mer- 
chant. 1870 Morais Larthly Par. 11. 408 How goes it then, 
With him—thy kinsman, mid the Eastland men? 

Hence + Ea‘stlandish a., o/s. 

1605 Verstecan Dec. /ntell. Ep. Ded., High, Low, and 
Eastlandish Teutonicke. 

Ea‘stling, z., -lings, adv. Sc. In 8 east- 
lin, -lins. [f. East+-.Line, with adverbial geni- 
tive -s. Cf. BACKLINGS.] 

A. adj. Of the wind: Easterly. 
easterly direction. 

1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. 1. ii, This [elm] shields the 
other frae the eastlin blast. 1768 Ross Helenore 58 (Jam.) 
Ay hading eastlins, as the ground did fa’. 1789 Burns Let. 
3. Tennant 7 This blae eastlin wind. 

Eastmost (i‘stmast, -moust), a. Also 6 Sc. 
eistmest. [OE. had éastmest adj., super]. f. East 
adv. + -m-, -st, suffixes (see -MosT); but continuity 
is not proved, and the word was prob. formed 
afresh at a later period.] That is most easterly in 
position. Now foet. ; see EASTERNMOST. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 201 The eistmest of 
Britane to the se. 1587 Wills §& /nv. N. C. (1860) I. pe 
The eastmoste bed, next to the windowe, in the | ye 
chamber. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. 1. viii. 75 
Bassora is the eastmost City .. in the Turkish Dominions. 
1825 Lv. Cocksurn Mem. i, 2 My father purchased the 
eastmost house on the south side of the Meadows. _— 
Morris Zarthly Par. Il. 1. 12 Up the eastmost of the 
beech-slopes brown He turned. 

Eastre, var. Easter sé.1 & 2, also of Estrx, Ods. 

Eastward (istwaid), adv. anda, [f. East+ 
-warD ; OE. had éasteweard(e adv., éastanweard 
adj., but the mod. adj. is probably merely a use of 
the adv.] A. adv. 

1. Towards the east; in an eastern direction: 
a. of motion. 

959 Chart. Edgar in Cod. Dipti. V1. 8 Donon to holan dic 


B. adv. In an 


eastwarde. 1297 R. Grouc. 41 pis Picardes penne wende 
forp Estward euer faste. 1393 Lanot. P. PZ C. nu. mi ge 
ex han wel y-wroght wenden pey shulle Estwarde to 

euene. c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 18 ir is he walked, 


Estewarde or weste? 1553 Even 7veat. New Ind. (Arb.)9 
Sayling Eastward by the coastes of Aphrica. 1611 Biste 
1 Ki et A Ser —— turne thee Eastward. 
1722 De For Plague (1840) 1 ie p! e .. began now to 
come eastward. 1816 Prayrair Nat. PAil. I. 155 Ten of 
the stars have ions eastward, peculiar to th 1 

Also in 


b. of position, bearing, or aspect. 
comd., as eastward-looking. 
ax000 Boeth. Metr. xvi. 18 (Gr.) Ponan O8 Indeas easte- 
wearde. 1393 Lanot. P. PZ. C. 1. 14 Esteward ich byhulde 
after be sonne. 1535 Coverpate Zzek&, xl. ro The chambers 
of the dore east were threon euery side. 1611 Brsie 
Gen. xiii. 14 Looke .. Northward, and Southward, and 
Eastward, and Westward. 1878 Buack Green Past. ii. 
11_ The eastward-looking branches of the great elms. 
2. quasi-sd. 

Lond, Gaz, No. The 17th arrived the Smirna 
aes. .from the Portas: fd r be For Voy. round W. 
(840) 318 It might..empty itself to the Eastward. 1828 J. 
H. Moore Pract. Navig. 230 If a ship has been sailing to 
the eastward, 

B. adj. That moves or looks eastward. 
824 Chart. Ecgberht in Cod. Dipl. V.71 Donan on rihsc- 
mere eastanweardne. c1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Estwarde, 


orientalis, 1882-3 Scuarr Relig. Encycl. 11. 903 The .. 
eastward posture in prayer. Lpoot Daily Post. 24 
Mar, 4/7 Russians on their side are quietly prosecuting 
an eastward concentration. 
Ea , adv, and a, ff prec, +-Ly¥1, 2. 
A. adv. a. an eastern direction. b, O 


wind: From pa Gallas apse 

H. Otpensure in PA. Trans. 11. 421 Another 

e, not far from these, Eastwardly, of a Dwarfish 

tature. 1747 Dosss in Phil. Trans. IV. 474 Behring 
sailed. .to the Isles of J and topes taation ont 

50 German miles. 179 Senceon Edystone L. § 100 There 


is a breeze eastwardly. Vancouver Agric. Devon 
ae hs Sontinui cy cantly chouy the soa 

. adj. B t has an eastern direction. b. 
Of the wind: That blows from the east. et, 
1791 SMEATON L.§ 68 The wind was 
1805 Fiinpers in PAZ. Trans. XCVI. 258 The rd 
winds appearing to have set in. 1870 Proctor Other We 
iv. 108 note, Hi iatitudes where the earth’s eastwardly 
SPiinn aol seen ee 


Th f 
Ea'st wind. ea‘st-wind. [OE. éastan- 
wind: see East A.1.) The wind blowing from 
the east. In England and in New England 

ially bleak, unpleasant, and injurious to health; 
hence often fig. In quots. from or allusions to 
the Bible the fig. sense refers to the scorching 
and destructive east wind of Palestine. Hence 
East-winded adj. 


East-winde may 
1722 De For Plague It was to no 


1873 Miss Tuacxeray Old Kensington ii. 9 One bitter 
east-winded morning. 


wise, adv. (nonce-wd.) [f. East + -WIsE.] 
= Eastwarb. 

882 E. C. B. in Roy. Geog. Soc. S: Pap. 1.1. 
The elegant weed poe a with gapped 
eastwise provided for it by cartographers. 

Easy (7'zi), a. andadv. Forms: 3-4 aisie, -y, 
Peise, 3-5 eese, -i, -y, 4-6 esee, -i(e, -y(e, (4 
eisy, 5 eyse, 3eesy, hesy), 6-8 easie, -ye, (9 dial. 
yezzy, yeasy) 4- easy. [a. OF. aisté (mod. aisé), 

a. pple. of OF. aiser, aister to put at ease, whence 

SEv. The development of the Eng. senses has 
been affected by Ease sé. ; the mod.Fr. uses of aise 
~ also have had some influence.] 

. At ease; characterized by ease or freedom 
from pain or constraint. 

+1. At liberty, having opportunity or means (to 
do something). Cf. Ease sé. 1. 

(Possibly e7se in quot. 1225 may be a distinct word, a. Fr. 
aise at ease.) 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 47 Offredde loc for him . alse hie 
aisie was; gif hie was riche wimman .a lomb..gif hie was 
poure two duue briddes. a Ancr. R. 20 Et te one 
psalme 3e schulen stonden, 3if 3¢ eise, [v.. aise) & et 
te oder sitten. 

2. Of conditions or state: Characterized by ease 
or rest; comfortable, luxurious, quiet. 

¢ 1380 Wycur Wes. (1880) 166 W 
1483 Cath. Angl. 117 Esy; ediosus, secundus. 1664 Evetys 


easier. 

4. Free from constraint or stiffness; chiefly of 
or with reference to bodily posture or movements. 
Also ¢ransf. of manners or behaviour: Free from 
embarrassment or awkwardness, Also in phrase, 
Free and us (ome F = ss @ 

Cat > gracilis, A 
nides Anti, Abe (77a) Bret. iy That 1 might the 
more undisturbedly write the easie E) i 
Mind. 1680 Burner Xochest 
Lett, ist Ld. Malmesbury V77 Handel..is quite easy in 
his behaviour. _8ar Score Kent. xvi, Leicester, bowing 
8. Se mtn Soe. i. Ill. waz He was a most 
ies as willing as he was free and easy. 1850 


Mana ore ap aaa? 
b. of written ee ee ar Showing no trace 
of effort; smooth, flowing. Also transf. Of a 


Hiss. sana 


witiar ot Bieta nae aaa 

1 STeELe Sfect, No. 109 ? 5 one 

a Desk writing and a were an oe 

easy Writer. 1713 No. 15 (1756) I. 69 As there 

is an easy mien, and easy oe is an easy sort of 

poetry. tr. Siomany tiem vii, 15 light, 
’ easy prose of 1880 PHEN 


EASY. 


Pope iv.90 He could seldom lay aside his self-consciousness 

ciently to write an easy letter. 1884 CHurcH Bacon ix. 
220 Easy and unstudied as his writing seems, it was .. the 
result of unintermitted trouble and varied modes of working. 

5. Not hard pressed: not hurried, gentle ; said 
of motion, a breeze, a fire, etc. Also Maude. > as 
easy sail. 

¢1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. 284, I saugh comyng of ladyes 
nientene In .. a ful esy 2 cope 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. 
#. ut xvii. (Tollem. MS.), To make pe sy3te perfit pis 
bingis bep nedful; pe cause efficient .. and takynge hede, 
and esy meuynge [L. motus mediocris}, Ibid. x1x. |x. (495) 
897 Oximell is sodde on easy fyre and softe vnto it be thycke, 
©1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Esy, or softe, yn sterynge, dentus. 
1607 TorsELL Serpents 795 They have a very slow and easie 
pace, x Mitton P. X. 1. 120 Soto the Coast of Jordan he 
directs His easie steps. 1704 J. CunincHam in PAil, Trans. 
XXV. 1659 Fair and serene weather. .with easie Gales at S. 
a . Gaz. No. 5450/2 We made an easie sail for the 

aese. 1834 CAunTER Orient. Ann. i. 2 We coasted within 
four leagues of the land, under easy sail, with light breezes, 
1852 G. W. Curtis Wand. in Syria. i. 8 The donkeys are 
like —— dogs, and of easy motion. 1867 Smytu Sailor's 
Word-bk, Easy draught. ‘The same as light draught of 
water. Easy voll, A vesselis said to roll deep but easy, 
when she moves slowly, and not with quick jerks. 

b. Be easy! do not hurry, don’t be so eager. 
Now considered an ‘ Irishism’. 

the Tuompson &, N. Advoc. (1757) 26 That Gentleman 
. advised the said William Thompson to be easy for a little 
Time. ~ J. Grant Sk. Lond, 41 ‘Be aisy, be aisy!.. 
and don’t be after killin’ him quite.’ 

6. Free from mental anxiety, care, or appre- 
hension. Phrase, 7 make (a person) easy. 

1692 E. WaLker Epictetus’ Mor. xx, Manage the rest of 
your affairs of Life With easie Conversation, void of Strife. 
1719 Dr For Crusoe (1840) I. xx. 363, I was perfectly easy 
as to the security of my effects. “1722 — Col. Yack (1840) 
208, I made her easy on that point. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India Il. ww. vy. 187 Meer Causim was not easy upon the 

rospect of a connexion between the Emperor and the 
Eng ish. 1885 Sir J. HANNEN in Law Rep. 10 P. D. 88 A 
sensitive girl, whose conscience was not easy on the subject. 

7. Fond of ease, averse to taking pains or 
thought; not strenuous, indolent; careless, thought- 
less, unconcerned ; = Easy-coinc. 

7649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemf.u. § 10. 3 The easie softnesses 
of religious affections, 1650 — Holy Living ii. (1727) § 79 
For no easie, healthful and idle person was ever chaste. 
1697 Drypven Virg. cag: 11. 604 Easy Sloath. 1724 Warts 
Logic w. i. (1802) 371 In this easy view of iy 1798 
Worpsw. Old Cand: Beggar 108 The easy man Who sits 
at his own door,—and .. Feeds in the sunshine. 1862 
StTantey Yew. Ch. (1877) I. xiii. 251 They mark out for their 
ee the easy colonists. oi Rosserti Dante at Ver. xvi, 

e’d meet them flushed with easy youth. 

8. (With mixed notion of 2, 3, 6.) In comfort- 
able circumstances, well off. Also of ‘circum- 


stances’, fortune. 

1701 Col. Rec. Penn. I. 41 To make them and their Pos- 
terity easie in all times to come. 1708 Swirr Adol, Chr. 
Wks. 1755 II. 1. 86 Such a rent as, in the modern form of 
speech, would make them easy. r72x BerKELEY Prev. Ruin 
Gt. Brit. Wks. III. 206 Men easy in their fortunes, and 
unprovoked by hardships of any sort. 1726 BUTLER Ser. 
vi. 108 One in easie Circumstances. 1783 Burke Sf. E. 
Ind. Bill Wks. IV. 59 These plots and rebellions. .are the 
offspring of an easy condition, and hoarded riches. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. I. 46 Easy farmers display a variety 
of plate. 1857 Edin. Rev. July, The ‘easy’ classes will 
contrive to furnish the governing classes of the country. 
1879 B. TayLor Stud. Germ. Lit. 160 He was in easy cir- 
cumstances, 

9. Conducive to ease or comfort: chiefly 
of appliances for repose. See also EAsy-cHaIR. 
; +38 + Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 129 Pei gs be ful 
soft in ful eesi beddis. cxg00 Rom. Rose 5609 Though 
he have lytel worldis goode, Mete & drynke, & esy foode. 
3525 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. Ixxviii. [Ixxiv.] 234 Theyr 
lodgynge. . was not so easye nor large as thoughe they had 
ben at Parys, 1855 Bain Senses § (71. 11. i. § 19 (1864) 104 
Driven along at a moderate speed, in an easy carriage. 1879 
Watrorb Londoniana 11. 105 An office much sought after 
as one of those ‘easy cushions’ reserved for the repose of 
men of merit or favourites of the great. : ¥ 
+b. Advantageous, affording convenience, satis- 
factory. Obs. 

¢ 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) ii. 126 [A horse is] esy and pro- 

hetabyll. Tempe Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 

. 34 Having one common End of publick Good, they 
come after full Deb to easie Resolution 

III. Causing little discomfort or obstruction. 

10. Of the means, method, or object of an action : 
Presenting few difficulties ; offering little resist- 
ance. Const. zw. (act., less freq. pass.) or of 
followed by sb. denoting the action; also with 
the nature of the action contextually implied: of 
books, language ; = easy to read, understand; of 
the soil ; = rd to cultivate, etc. 

€1340 Cursor M. 16557 (Trin.) Pei. .cut pi tre in two; bei 
fond hit good and esy to dele wip. ¢ 1380 Wycur Wks. (1880) 
202 pis pater noster is & most hesy of alle. 15... 
Frere & Boye 76 in Ritson Anc. Pop. P. 38 The olde man 
was easy to please, 1578 Lyre Dodoens iu. xviii. 385 Vi- 

ba. .hath long branches ful of ioyntes, easie to ploy. 158z 
Cuarke in Confer. 1. (1584) Cc iij, The place is easie Greeke, 
Hotianp Livy xxi. xiii, 481 Nothing. .is more eise 

and easie [ faci/ius] to be knowne. 1651 Hospes Leviath, 
M1, xviii. 89 From want of understanding this easie truth. 


1674 Brevint Saud at Endor 240 Two ready and easie 
waies of proceing Atonement. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 
i. 283 Ploughing is an imitative Toil, Resembling Nature 


inan easie Soil, 1712 Appison Sfect. No, 291 ® 6 This part 


21 


of a critick is very easie to succeed in. 1762-71 H. WALPoLe 
Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 163 note, Those, which 
being in great collections are most easy of access. 1776 
Avam Suitu W, N.1. 1. i. rt Men are much more likely to 
discover easier .. methods of attaining any object. 1823 
Lams Eiia Ser. 1, xii. (1865) 314 The writings of Temple 
are, in general, after this easy copy. 18 9 LuBBock Sez. 
Lect. ii. 3x The colors and scents are ase in making the 
flowers more easy to find. , 

b. Of a road: That may be travelled without 
discomfort or difficulty. Of a slope: Gradual, 
not steep. 

7340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 1402 Pe way of dede semes large 
and eesy. 1523 Lp. Berners /roiss. I. ccxxxiv. 328 And all 
the other of the Companyons.. had more easy passage 
thanne those that passed the day before. 1563 Homilies 11. 
Repentance u.(1859) 536 An easie and short ladder, whereby 
we may climbe. 1596 SpeNsER State Jre/. 3 Subdued the 
people unto him, & made easie way to the settling of his 
will, 1613 Suaxs. Hen. VIII, ww. ii. 17 At last, with easie 
Rodes he [Wolsey] came to Leicester. 1709 STEELE 7atler 
No. 179 ® 6 You mount by six easy steps. 1801 SouTHEY 
Thalaba vu. xx, Children of Earth,..Whom I have guided 
here By easier passage. 

ll. Of actions: Not difficult; to be accomplished 
with little effort. Frequently as complement when 
the subject is a vb. in the inf.; = Earn 1. 

¢1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 245 For drede of lettyng of 
bettre occupacion pat is more li3t or eisy. 1398 ‘TREvISA 
Barth. De P. R. vi. xx. (1495) 208 In olde men abstynence 
of meete is softe and easy, 1538 STARKEY England iii. 69 
Much easyar to spy ij fautys then amend one. 1578 ‘I’. 
Procter Gorg. Gallery in Heliconia 1. 81 As eese a broken 
Syve Should holde the dropping rayne. 1626 Bacon Sylva 
§ 57 After taking of somewhat of easie Digestion. 1650 
Hussert Pill Formality 144 You must live after the spirit 
--and thats no easie thing todo. 1729 BuTLer Sern. Wks. 
1874 II. 128 It is as easy to close the eyes of the mind as 
those of the body. 1842 A. Compr Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 
144 The easier digestibility of animal food in man. 1876 
Moztey Univ. Serm. vii. 151 It is of the nature of habit 
to make acts easier and easier. 1878 Mortey Carlyle, 
Crit. Misc. 196 It is easy to make a solitude and call it 
peace. 

12. Of persons and their dispositions: Moved 
without difficulty to action or belief; soon yield- 
ing, compliant; credulous. Lady of easy virtue : 
euphemistically for an unchaste woman. 

611 Saks, Cymb. u. iv. 47 Not a whit, Your lady being 
SO easy. 1643 Dennam Poems 169 An easy ear deceives, 
and is deceiv'd. 1672 Drypen Cong. Graviada in. i, An 
easie King deserves no better Fate. 1697 — Virg. Atneid 
ul, 261 With such Deceits he gain’d their easie hearts. 1752 
YounG Brothers . i, To which his easy nature, soon ap- 
peas’d, Invited me. 1809 W. IrvING Kutcher. v. i. (1849) 
263 The great city .. seemed, like some fair lady of easy 
virtue, to lie open to attack, and ready to yield to the first 
invader. 1848 Macauray Hist. Eng. |. 258 Juries were no 
longer so easy of belief. 

tb. Not unwilling, ready. Const. zzf Now only 
with passive, as easy ¢o be entreated; cf. 10. Obs. 

1653 Hotcrort Procopius 111. 83 When men ignorantly .. 
do wrong, the wronged are to he easie to grant pardon. 
1665 Mrs. Hurcninson Mem, Col. Hutchinson (1848) 55 
Hutchinson was neither easy to believe it, nor frighted at 
the example. 1715 Burner Own Times (1823) I. 529 He was 
too easy to enter into any employment that might bring him 
into favour. 1738 Westrey Psalm cxvi. 5 How easy to 
forgive ! ' 4 

13. That is obtained with ease, with little effort 
or sacrifice. 

1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 641 The Swain..Receives 
his easy Food from Nature’s Hand. /ézd. 1. 704 A Fault 
which easie Pardon might receive, Were Lovers Judges. 
1785 Cowrer Tivoc. 766 Disease or comes not, or finds easy 
cure. 1856 TreveLyan Macaulay (1876) II. xiv. 463 He 
obtained an easy pardon. 

14. Of burdens or penalties: Not oppressive or 
painful. Of prices or conditions: Moderate, not 
burdensome. 

1382 Wycuir Matz. xi. 30 My 30 is swete, or softe, and my 
charge lizt, or eisy. 1413 Lypc. Pylgr. Sowde ui. vi. (1483) 
54 ‘That hath..graunted the to be purged with more esy 
peynes, 1426 AupELay Poems 47 Curators Engeyne 3e not to 

jeesy penans, ne to strayt algat. 1488-9 Act 4 Hen. V’I/, ix, 
They woll sell theym at none esier price. 155 N. T. (Genevy.) 
Matt. xi. 22 It shalbe easier for Tyre and i at the day of 
iudgement, then for you. 1663 GERBIER Counsel C ij b, Where 
Marble is to be had at easy rate, but where Copper is very 
dear. 1696 Pepys Diary VI. 187 Secure it for me on the 
easiest terms you can. 1766 Entick London IV. 31 An easy 
fee of one shilling. @1771 Smo.tetr Love Elegy 18 And 
bid the turf lie easy on my breast. 855 Macavtay Hist. 
Eng. IV. 251 He remained there in easy confinement. pri 
Froupe Czsar iv. 34 Peace was granted to him on the 
easy conditions of a nominal fine, 

+b. Of persons : Not oppressive or severe; not 
exacting; lenient, gentle; cf. 12. In 18the. also: 
Not difficult to ‘get on’ with [cf. Fr. aiséa vivre]. 

hes Pets A econo es MS.)in Wright Mages’ Poems 336 
For I [the 'y] the [the soul] so eise fond the[r]fore couthe 
I nevere blinne. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pro/, 223 He was an esy 
man to yeue penaunce. 1460 Carcrave Chron. (1858) 70 
Sche mad hir son more esy, and sesed mech his persecucion, 
1483 Vulg. abs Terentio 30b, Faders shuld be esy ande 
Sendye anemste theire chyldere. _ Bentiey Pha, 310 
Pisistratus, .. a generous and easie Governour. 1714 Swirt 
Pres. St. Affairs Wks, 1755 II. 1. 22x Supposing. .that the 
elector should refuse to be .. easy with the queen herself. 
1727 — To very yng. Lady Wks. Il. 11. 42 A shrew from 
Hilhogegate would be a more easy and eligible com- 


ion. 
Py 18. Of small ‘weight’ or importance, insigni- 
ficant, slight ; not very good, indifferent. So easy 


EASY. 


birth, easy capacity ; cf. 
Cornw. Gloss.). Ods. 

1468 Sir J. Paston in Leté. (1874) II. 321 Thow..I.. have 
govyn yow bot easy cause to remembyr me. -yet..let me 
not be forgotyn. 1475 Bh. Noblesse 78 Holden vertuous .. 
though he were descendid but of esie birthe. 1481 Caxton 
Tulle's Old Age Hj, Of so grete age that he..shold be of 
easy power of bodily strength to make werre ayenst Car- 
thage. 1491 Will of Clif’ Somerset Ho.), I shall leue but 
Esy good. 1519 Horman Vulg. 147 b, Wasy agrement folow- 
eth..where women be maried not for loue but for good. 1542 
Upat Evrasm. Afophth. (1877) 348 Wine that was but easie 
and so-so, 1642 R. CARPENTER Z-xferiences M1. vii. 171 Shall 
one of us dirty creatures, frowne and be troubled..moved 
by every small and easie occasion. 1648 Symmons Vind. 
Charles I, 191 Though an easie capacity might foresee that 
they could do nothing by such an enterprize, 

6. Not pressing hardly ; loosely fitting; op- 
posed to ¢zghe. 

1594 Suaks. Rich. [//, vy. iii, 50 Is my beaver easier? 1601 
— All’s Well v. iii. 278 This womans an easie gloue my 
Lord, She goes off and on at pleasure. fod. The coat is 
an easy fit. An easy pair of slippers. The nut of the screw 
is a little too easy. 

17. Comm. (opposed to tight.) Of a commodity : 
Not much in demand; hardly maintaining its price. 
Of the state of the market : Not characterized by 
eager demand ; showing little firmness in prices. 

1888 Standard 7 Apr. 2/8 (Trade report) Bacon is easier, 
Mod. ‘The money-market is easy. 

18. In Whist. Honours easy: said when the 
‘honours’ are evenly divided. (Merely collog. : 
the technical phrase is ‘honours divided P) 

1884 Sat. Kev. 26 July 103 If we have the worst of that, 
honours are easy, 

B. adv. In an easy manner. 

1. Without difficulty. Chiefly in compar. or 
superl.; now collog. or vulgar. 

1400 in Pol, Rel. §& L. Poents (1866) 239 For esye he comun 
al esye ho ssuln wende. 1564 Brief Exam. ***b, This thyng 
is easyer .. saide of you, then proued. 1596 Spenser /.Q, 
1, viii. 4 Three miles it might be easie heard. 1600 Suaxs. 
Sonn. cix, As easie might I from my selfe depart, As, etc. 
1680 Sir R. Fier Patriarcha iii. § 12 The Voice of a 
multitude is easier heard. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) 
II. 279 The good man can easiest persuade himself that God 
is good. 1823 Byron Fuan xiv. Ixxxv, A wavering spirit 
may be easier wreck’d. 189 Smites Charac. v. (1876) 134 
All the easier led away by bad example. 

+2. Ina very moderate degree. Obs. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 72 Many of the officers have be but esy 
vaileable to the defense of youre countre. 

3. Not tightly, with freedom of movement. 

1710 STEELE Tatler No. 204 P 2 Fit as easie as any Piece 
pA a 18z0 Keats St. Agnes xli, The bolts full easy 
slide. 

4. collog. At a leisurely pace, comfortably, without 
much trouble; in a comfortable position (also 
transf, of aship). In phr. Zo take it easy, to make 
oneself comfortable, to dono more than one must ; 
also, 70 let one off easy, i.e. with a light penalty. 

1779 Forrest Voy. NV. Guinea 13 Which kept the vessel’s 
head to the sea, and made her lie easy. 1821 Byron Left. 
civ. in Moore Life 1833 I11. 139 ‘The two dozen’ were with 
the cat-o’-nine tails ;—the ‘let you off easy’ was rather his 
own opinion than that of the patient. 1850 Mrs. Stowr * 
Uncle Tom’s C, xii. 103 Everything was going on quite 
easy and comfortable. 1867 Smytu Sadlor’s Word-bh. s. ve, 
Taking it easy. Neglecting the duty. 1885 ///us¢. Lond. 
News 23 May 539/2 Take my advice, and go easy for a bit. 

b. Asword of command. Zasy!: (move) gently ! 
Easy ahead! : (steam) at a moderate speed! In 
Boating, Zasy all! : stop (rowing)! Hence as sé. 
A short rest. 

1865 ‘A Don’ Sketches fr. Cambr. 119 Hallo! easy all! 
Hard word there, Smith ! what does it mean? 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Easy, lower gently. 1883 Mrs. Bisnor 
Sk, in Malay Pen. v. in Leisure Hour 193/2 ‘ Easy ahead’, 
shouts the. captain, 1885 Standard 6 Mar. 3/7 They reached 
Iffley lock without an easy. 

C. Comb. a. parasynthetic, as easy-hearted, -hit- 
moured, -priced, -spirited, -tempered; b. adver- 
bial, as easy-borrowed, -flowing, -handled, -held, 
-rising, -spoken, -yielding. Also EAsy-GoInc. 

1605 SHAks. Lear i. iv. 187 A Slaue whose *easie borrowed 
pride Dwels in the fickle grace of her he followes. 18: af 
Dartey Introd. Beaum, & Fl. Wks. 1839 I. 25 Fletcher's 
liveliness, bustle, his *easy-flowing language .. are sure to 
titillate a mixed audience. 1876 Gro. Eiot Daz. Der. I1.xxv. 
142 One of those *easy-handled personages. 1634 Mitton 
Comus 164, 1..wind me into the *easy-' earted man, And 
hug him into snares. 1591 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, v. iii. 139 Her 
*easie held imprisonment. @ 1720 SHEFFIELD (Dk. Buckhm.) 
Wks, (1753) Il. 177 Tully, the most *easy-humoured and 
facetious man in the world. 1876 Gro. Exior Dan. Der. II. 
xxv. 147 The easiest-humoured amateur of luxury. 1593 
Suaxs. 3 Hen. V/, u. i, 171 Haue wrought the *easie-me t- 
ing King, like Wax. 1625 K. Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis 
ut. xi. 98 There were small hillocks upon an *easie-rising 
plain. 1633 Forp Love's Sacrif. u. iv, I was a good, cold, 

easy-spirited man. 1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. i. 10 A 
world, where most of us are plain *easy-spoken people. 3822 
W. Irvine Braceb, Hail iy. 38 Her ladyship is one of those 
*easy-tempered beings. @1680 BuTLer Rem. (1759) XIV. 65 
For what does vast Wealth bring, but Cheat .. An *easy- 
troubled Life, and short? 1597 Danrex Civ. Wares 1. clxi, 
And *easie-yeelding zeale was quickly caught. 

D. as sb.; see B. 4b. 

+ Easy, v. Obs. [f. prec. adj.] a. To make 
easy; to facilitate. b. To relieve, assist. I 

1567 Marte Gr. Forest 68 Their [cranes’) flight is like a 


dial. ‘ Zasy, idiotic’ (East 


EASY CHAIR. 


‘riangle, sharpe at the ende, and broade aboue, and easied 

therewithall by one another his helping. 1551 Recorpe 

Hao Knowl, (1556) 5t If I myght see their forme I shoulde 
h yed in ynge it. 

Ea:sy chai'r, ea'sy-chai‘r. Achairadapted 
for sitting or half reclining in in an easy ; 
often furnished with arms and padded back. 

1707 Farquuar Beaux’ Strat. w. i, Get my easie chair 
down stairs, put the gentleman in it. 1713 Guardian No. 
131 (1756) 11. 188 Immersed in the luxury of an easy-chair. 
1855 acauLay Hist. Eng. IV. 371 His host was confined 
4 gout to an easy chair. MM 


1881 Mrs, A. Ex.is Sylvestra 
65 He sunk. .into an easy-chair, pipe-and-bottle life. 

Ea:sy-go'ing, f//.a. a. Of a horse: Having 
an easy gait or step. b. fig. That takes things 
easily ; comfort-loving ; inactive, indolent. 

1674 Ch. & Court of Rome 7 Let us su an easie-going, 
oe man. i THACKERAY Racca iii, That 
easy-going cream-coloured 'oss. 1862 Burton Bk.-hunter 
1. 3 Antiquarianism, which used to bean pe | slipshod 
sort of pursuit. 1879 Beersoum Patagonia iii. 36 He is a 
careless, easy-going vagabond, always cheerful. 

Hence Ea:sygo‘ingness. 

1879 Mrs. Houston Wild West 34 The temptation to 
cheat. .owing to the easy-goingness of his master. 1881 NV. 
Y. Nation SXXIL 164 The good-natured easygoingness 
of the then leader of the House of Commons. 

Eat (zt), v. a. ¢. ate, eat (Zit, et, zt). Pa. 
pple.eaten (7t’n). Forms: Jnf. 1-2 et-, eat-, eatt-, 
eotan, 2-4 eat-,eoten, ete(n, (2-3 aeten, 4 ethen, 
3-4 hete, heyt), 4-6 ete, ette, (4 eete, ehyt, 4-5 
eyt(e), 3-7 eate, 6 Sc. eait, eit, 6-eat. Pa. t. 1-3 
eet, (2 seat), 2-4 et(t, 4-6 ete, 3-4 at, (4 hete), 4-5 
eet(te, 6-7 eate, 7-9 eat, 6- ate. Pa. pple. 1-5 
eten, 4-5 ete, eete(n, 4-6 etin(e, -un, -yn, ettyn, 
6 Sc. eatin, eittin, 7-9 eat, 8-9 ate, 7- eaten. 
[Common Teut. and OE. efan str. vb. (3rd sing. pr. 
ytt, ietep, pa. t. Ist, 3rd sing. #/, vt, pl. #ton, pa. 
pple. ete) =OFris. t/a, eta, OS. etan (MDu., Du. 
eten), OHG. ezan, ezzan (MHG. ezze, mod. G. 
essen), ON. eta (Sw. ata, Da. ade), Goth. ztan :— 
OTeut. etan=L. ed-dre, Gr. €5-ev, Ir., Gael. 2th, 
Lith. ed-, Skr.ad-. The accentuation of OF. MSS. 
shows that this verb differed, as in Goth. and ON., 
from other verbs of the same conjugation in having 
a long vowel in the pa. t. sing. #/, whence the 
mod. eat (it); but a form a/, with short vowel, 
must also have existed, as is proved by the ME. 
form at, mod. ate. The pronunc. (et) is commonly 
associated with the written form ate, but perh. 
belongs rather to ea¢, with shortened vowel after 
analogy of wk. vbs. vead, lead, etc. ; cf. dial. (bet) 
pa. t. of dead.) 

I. To consume for nutriment. 

1. trans. To take into the mouth piecemeal, and 
masticate and swallow as food; to consume as 
food. Usually of solids only. 

c 82g Vesp. Psalter xiix.[I.] 13 Ahic eotu flesc ferra. ¢ 1000 
Ags. Gosp. John vi. 54 Se hxfd ece lif pe ytt [1160 Hatton 
et] min flasc. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 For pat pu ete 
bat ich pe forboden hadde. c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 337 Sum 3he 

r at, and sum 3he nam, And bar it to her fereadam. a1300 
Cursor M. (Cott.)922 Pou sal wit .. suinc Win pat pou sal ete 
and drinc, /é/d. 11111 He hete na bred ne dranc na win. 1382 
Wycuir /sa. xxxvii. 30 Et this 3er that freeli ben sprunge, 
and in the secunde 3er et appelis. c 1400 MAUNDEV. il. (1839) 
11 That Tree that Adam ete the appulle of. ¢ 1420 Liber Co- 
corum 29 Tho heroun is rosted .. And eton with gynger. 
cr Pecock Repfr. 498 The Tacianys..helden that fleisch 
schulde not be ete. 1508 Fisher Ws, 1. (1876) 56 Ete vn- 
holsome metes, and anone cometh sekenes. 1§26 Pilgr. 
Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 174 A synner is not worthy the breed 
that he eateth. 1557 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr. (1619) 
700/1 In that golden age. .they..eate rootes for breade and 
fruites for flesh. 1 Mitton P. L. 1x. 724 Whoso eats 
thereof forthwith attains Wisdom. 1763 Priv. Lett. Ld. 
Malmesbury 1. 93 Whitebait..are only to be eat at Green- 
wich. 1860 TyNDALL G/ac. 1. § 22.155 Up to this point I 
had eaten nothing. ae 

b. Of liquid or semifluid food. Now chiefly 
with reference to soup, or other similar food for 
which a spoon is used. 

aly Sree Mem. (1857) 1. 75 We eat excellent cream, 

ay Creation 11. (1704) 405, I | ed it afterwards 
not only to eat Milk, 1789 Wotcorr (P. Pindar) Ef, fadl- 
ing Minis, Wks, 1812 11. 127 He might have eat his soup. 
1885 Stinnett Karma Il, 36 He began to eat the soup. 
ce. In phrases, 70 have something, enough, little, 
etc. fo cat; formerly also Zo have to eat, to give 
(a person) to eat. Cf. F. donner a manger, 

In some dialects ‘something to eat’ is the common ex- 
pression for food: ‘The something to eat at the hotel was 
very good’ (Sheffield), 4 A 

me A K. Aitrrep Oros. 1. xi. § 3 Seo leo bringd his hung- 

im hwelpum hwet toetanne. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 147 
on neal his fleis, hwenne he him 3efed lutel to etene. 
@1300 Cursor M. 13501 All pai had i-nogh atette. 1340 
Hamroce Pr, Consc. 6191 Yhe wald meant aye me at ete. 
1380 Wycir Serm, Se. Wks. I. 17 pei not to ete. 
1611 Brste 2 Chron. xxxi. 10 Wee have had enough to eate. 
1887 Pall Mall G. 13 Oct. 2/2 We had hardly anything to 
eat all the while we were prisoners, 4 
td. fg. To submit to, ‘swallow’ (an insult, 
an injury). Also, To treasure up, ‘feed upon’ 

(thoughts, words, etc.) ; orig. a Biblical idiom. 

x vanes xv. 16 Found ben thi wrdys, and Y eet 
hem [1612 I did eate them). 1607 Dekker Sir 7. Wyatt 


22 
Wks. 1873 III. 119 Ile eate no lets all die, and Ile 
dye. tae Suaxs. Wint. T. 1. iv. 185 Hee vtters them as 
he had eaten ballads, and all mens eares grew to his Tunes. 
e. absol. with of in partitive sense, In early 
ME. sometimes with genitive. 
c 1000 Etrric Gen. iii. 17 For San. .du zte of Sam treowe. 


¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 11 Moyses .. pes dazes .. nefre ne ete 
mennisses metes. ¢x175 Cott. Hom. 241 Se brad 
ett, ne sterfed he nefer. c 1205 Lay. 18858 Of his breosten 


scullen zten adele scopes. a 1300 Cursor M. O sinnu 
etes [v. ~. etis] neuer Juu. ¢ 1380 Sir Forenk sok Hym- 
self dronke whit wyn & eten of hure i 1581 Man. 
BECK Bk. of Notes 108 Finding him eating of an Albrew. 
1611 Biste Z-x, xxxiv. 15 Lest .. thou eate of his sacrifice. 
1835 Wittis Pencillings I. ii. 19 But the rest eat very vo- 
raciously of a of coarse bread. 

2. Phrases, chiefly ¢ransf. an fs: 

a. Zo eat one’s terms: a colloquial phrase for 
‘to be studying for the Bar’; students being re- 
quired to have dined in the Hall of an Inn of 
Court three or more times during each of twelve 
terms before they can be ‘ called’. 

1834 Macautay Pitt Misc. (1860) II. 312 He had already 
begun to eat his terms. 1861 Lever One of Them 159 He 
had eaten his terms in Gray’s Inn. 

+b. To eat the air: to be ‘fed upon promises’, 
tantalized. Obs. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. iii. 28 Who lin'd himself with 
hope, Eating the ayre, on promise of Supply. 

c. Zo eat one’s words: to retract in a humili- 
ating manner. See also HUMBLE PIE. 

1571 GoLpINnG Calvin on Ps, \xii. 12 God eateth not his 

word when he hath once spoken. a@1618 RateicH Rem. 
(1644) 73 Nay wee'le make you confesse that you were de- 
ceived in your projects, and eat your own words. 
Hist. Fetzer 35 He. .began to boggle, and would fain have 
eaten his words. 1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. w. i, Ye lied 
auld roudes,—and, in faith, had best Eat in your words. 
1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vu. xli, 
Unguarded words, which, as soon as you have uttered 
them, you would die to eat. 1837 Sir F. Parcrave Merch. 
& Friar (1844) Ded. 7 Quoting one’s own books is next 
worst to eating one’s own words. 

da. + Zo eat iron, a sword: to be stabbed (oés.). 
To eat stick : a mod. orientalism for ‘ to be beaten’. 

15.. Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 168 The whoreson 
shall eat him [z. e. the dagger], as far as he shall vee ae 
Contention betw. Lancaster & York 1. (1843) 63 Ile . 
thee eate yron like an Astridge. 1862 W. M. THomson 
Land & Bk. 319, 1 frequently hear them say of one who has 
been bastinadoed on the soles of his feet, t! he has eaten 
fifty or five hundred sticks. 1865 Spectator 4 Feb. 122 The 
uncivilized freedom in which they could do as they liked, 
‘eating stick’ included. 

e. In certain Biblical Hebraisms; 70 eat the 
Sruit of one’s own doings: to receive the reward of 
one’s actions; Zo eat the good of the land, etc. 

1611 Biste Prov. xiii. 2 A man shall eate good by the 
fruit of his mouth. — /sa. iii. 10 They shall eate the 
fruit of their doings. 

f. To cat earth: a colonial expression for ‘to 
possess oneself of land’ ; cf. earth-hunger. 

1882 Zimes 8 Apr. 9/5 A man [in Australia] can eat as 
much earth as he likes for 5s. to ros, a square mile. 

3. intr. To consume food, take a meal. 

_ Vesp. Psalter xxi{i). 26 Eatad dearfan and bid ze- 
fylled. c 1000 Ags. Ps. \xxviifi]. 29 Swide ztan and sade 
wurdan. c117§ Cott. Hom. 223 [Hio] xat and 3iaf hire 
were, and he at. cxa0g Lay. 13456 For alle heo sculden 


aeten [1275 heote] ther. c1rago Gen. 4 Ex. 1779 Dor-on | 


he eten blide and glad. cx Coer de L. 3497. Whenne 
they hadde eeten, the cloth was folde. a1340 Hampote 
Psalter xxi. 2 pore sall ete & pai sall be fild. c 1400 
Apol. Loll. 9 eber het 3e or drynk.. do all pingis in pe 
name of our Lord. 1483 Cath. Angi. 118 To Ete, epudari. 
1526 TinpALe Acts xi. 3 Thou wentest in unto men uncir- 
cumcised and atest with them. 1563 Foxe A. §& M. (1684) 
III. 905 Now we cannot eat, unless we gnaw with our 
Teet oe Marve ty Ws. III. 457 He had not eat since 
the day before at noon. 1687 SHapwet. Furenal 23 He 
does forget..his Friends Face, with whom Night he 
Eat. 1774 Goipsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 46 They eat and 
sloup at proper iatareals ice ail other qundeteedes. het 
Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 74 There 
should be temperance. .in eating. 

b. 70 eat well: to have a good appetite ; also, 
to keep a good table, be an epicure. So also + 70 
eat ill: to be badly fed. 

1677 EArt Orrery Art of War 16 The Peasant. .eats and 
lodges worse than the Citizen. 1 Appison Jatler No. 
148 Pg Who is a great Admirer of the French Cookery, and 
(as the Phrase is) eats well. 

c. Const. + on, upon (a kind of food). Cf. to 
dine on, feed on; also1e. Also const. from, off, 
+ tx (gold, china, etc.). 

1605 SHAKs. Macé. 1. iii. 84 Have we eaten on the insane 
Root, That takes the Reason Prisoner? Torset. 
Four-f. Beasts 361 (He) did eat Cakes made with meal 
and hony. _ 1625 Purcnas Pilgrimes . 1474 Hee alwayes 
eates in priuate among women vpon great varietie of 
excellent dishes. 1642 C’ress Sussex in 7th Rep. Comm. 
role _ (1879), I = +. to eat in see but 

ve put up most of m pate. 1735 Pore Zp. Lady 
82 Yet on plain pudding dei J at ty oI eat. 

4. quasi-trans. uses of 3. 

a, with obj. followed by adj. or prep.: To 
affect in a certain way by eating: e.g. 70 eat one- 
self sick, into a sickness; to eat (a person) out of 
house and home (i.e. to ruin him by eating up his 
resources) ; of animals: Zo eat the ground bare. 

1300 Cursor M. 4574 In pat medu sa 


gz bai war pat | 


¢ 


eten fulle. ax 

bred to will, And sil ' 

XXV. 2 Ye shall eat your fill, and dwell therein in safetie. 

1737 ‘ore Hor. Epist. 1. ii. 323 You've play’d, and lov'd, 
eat, and fill. 


adv.): To have a certain consistence or flavour 
when eaten. 


Beasts 36 
Cotuns Maki 


+a. (See quot.) 

1784 Twamiey Dairying 71 Cheese. .that will spend well, 

or eet to the won 84 Phrase, will eat Bread well. 
b. To have (a crop, etc.) eaten; to give up (to 
animals) to be eaten. Const. wth. 

1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. F iij, Their dead with dogs 
Hircanians do eate. 1799 J. Rosertson Agric. Perth 218 
A custom of eating his hay, sometimes, with sheep, close to 
the ground. 1868 Perthshire ¥rni. 18 June, The pasture 
.- he intended to eat with sheep. 

"| 7. U.S. slang. To provide with food. 

a 1860 ae Picayune 47 (Bartlett), I was told you'd 
give us two di a day and eatus. Mod. I can eat you 
and drink you, but I can’t sleep you. 

II. To destroy by devouring. 

8. trans. To devour, consume (as a beast of 
prey); to prey upon; to feed destructively upon 
(crops, vegetation) ; ¢ransf. to ravage, devastate. 
lit, and fig. 

cgse Lindis/. Gosp. John x. 10 Deaf ne cymes 

estele & eted [V. a & losad. axz00 E. £. 
(Matz.), Pei ete [V. com nt) Jacob, ilka lim, And un- 
roned pe stede of him. a1300 Cursor M. 22862 Men .. Wit 
hundes eten pe mast parti. a1340 Hampore Psalter xxi. 
21 Saf me pat pe deuel ete me noght. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. 
111, 1. ii. 65 Or Earth gape le, and eate him quicke. 
16rr Biste Zr. x. 12 herbe of 


the land. +730 Pore Ep. Bathurst 196 The gaunt mastiff 
. Affrights the whom he longs toeat. 1863 Kincs- 
Ley Water-bab. 8 Monsters who were in the habit of eating 


children. Mod. He went to Africa, and - eaten by a lion. 
+b. To absorb (time) wastefully. 
1 Marston Pigmail. iii. 147 His ruffe 
time in ing Then Woodstocks worke in painfull 
perfecting. 


ce. Zo eat one’s (own) heart: to suffer from silent 


person. 


Poss 197 Many ‘= wriniled 


worms. 

10. ¢ransf. Of slow and ual action, as of 
frost, rust, cancerous or si disease, chemical 
corrosives, the waves, etc. Const. z#/o (the result), 

1 Even Decades W. Ind. m. 1x. (Arb.) 177 It is eaten 
& ted with two goulfes. 1579 Lyty 


c Bepvors Adl/arabi 
sun Ate to the core by 


1610 ane Me 
eateth, a 
Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) pay 4 


i B bu J Ww. 
Hawerrsen Birasel Go. 00 To.eat asa di ade 
1 vii. (1865) a80 Fils dissese was ve SE cypenred 
to have eaten all over him. . 

+c. fig. Of passions, grief, etc. ; To ‘devour’, 
torment. Cf. cat up 18. Obs. 


Ags. Gosp. ii. 1 huses anda me et 
{c1x60 Hatton te Sh Marker, 17 For onde that 


EAT. 


et ever ant aa ure heorte. a 1300 Cursor M. 23280 Enst and 
hete, pat ipenli pair hertes ete. 

ll. To make (a hole, a passage) by fretting or 
corrosion. With cognate obj. 70 eat one’s (its) 
way. lit. and fig. 

nig Paacoeg Virg. Georg. ut. 843 The slow creeping Evil 
eats his way, Consumes the hing Limbs, and makes 
the Life his Prey. a « Wavpote Vertue’s Anecd. 
Paint. V. 138 garry’ ike a figure eaten into the barril. 
1 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxvi. 344 The long canal which 
the running waters have eaten into the otherwise unchanged 
ice. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 138 Little water-courses may 
be eaten out of solid rock by a running stream. 

12. intr. To make a way by gnawing or corro- 
sion; /i¢. and fig. Const. znéo, through. 

1606 Suaxs. 7. § Cr. 11. iii. 136 How one man eates into 
anothers pride, a 1656 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 189 The 
canker. .eats through the cheek. 1697 Drvpen Virg. Caren 
ut. 674 Searching Frosts have eaten thro’ the Skin. 1780 
Cowrer 7able Talk 8 Strange doctrine this! that .. eats 
into his [the warrior’s] bloody sword like rust. 1837 J. H. 
Newnan Par. Serm. (ed. 2) IIL. xxii. 365 Has not the desire 
of wealth so eaten into our hearts? 1861 Bricur /ndia, Sf. 
19 Mar. (1876) 6x Anticipation .. more likely to eat into the 
heart of any man. 

18. Naut. trans. and intr, (See quots.) 

1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Sourdre au vent, to 
hold a good wind; to claw or eat to windward. wed 
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Eating the wind out of a vessel, 
applies to very keen seamanship, by which the vessel.. 
steals to windward of her opponent. 

III. Combined with adverbs, (All ¢vans.) 

14, Eat away. To remove, destroy by gradual 
erosion or corrosion. /¢. and fig. 

1538 Starkey Exgland ii. 46 They be as hyt were etyn 
away. 1815 ELpHinstonr Acc. Caudbul (1842) I. 147 The 
river .. frequently eats away its banks. 1853 PuIL.ips 
Rivers Yorksh. i. 8 Carbonic acid eats away the limestone. 
1858 HawrHorne /.& /¢. ¥rnds, 11. 286 The sun still eats 
away the shadow inch by inch. 

15. Eat in. +a. To take into the mouth and 
eat ; fig. to consider, ‘inwardly digest’. Also, to 
consume, waste away (ods.). b. To ‘bite in’ 
with acid, etch. 

1340 Cursor M, App. ii. 20527 Pe appel of a tre that 
adam toke & ete it Inne. 1603 Florio Montaigne (1632) 
133 That their very skin, and quicke flesh is eaten in and 
consumed to the bones. c1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers 
(1855) 125 What I have said, I’le neither lesse nor more, 
Nowe eate it in. 

16. Eat off. To take off or remove by eating. 

1640 Futter Yoseph’'s Coat viii. (1867) 182 Some thieves 
have eat off their irons. .with mercury water. 

17. Bat out. a. = Zo dite out. 

1858 TroLLore Dr. Thorne I. 267, I suppose I ought to 
eat my tongue out, before I ould say such a thing. 

b. To exhaust eatables or pasture in (a place). 

1865 CarLyLe Fredk. Gt, VI. xv. xi. 71 But, in the mean 
while, he is eating- out these Bohemian vicinages, 1887 
Pall Mail G. 30 Mar. 6/1 Wyoming is a natural ing 
country .. and to suppose that it can be ‘eaten out’ in ten 
years or a generation is to suppose an impossibility. 

ce. To destroy as a parasite or a corrosive. 


Also jig. 

1616 [see 18b]. @1656 Br. Hatt Breath. Devout Soul 
(1851) 165 Yet, when we have all done, time eats us out at 
the last. 1656 Ducarp Gate Lat, Uni. P 103. B Yvie clam- 
bering over trees, eateth them out. 1664 Power Ex. 
Philos. t. 74 A little of the said oyl.. presently eats out 
the Colour. 1677 Yarranton Engl. [mprov. 146 The 
cheapness of these Threds will eat out the very Spin- 
= in most parts of England. i 

. To encroach upon (space, formerly also time) 
belonging to something else. 

@1716 Soutu Sern. (1717) V. 67 No .. Business of State 
ate out his times of Attendance in the Church. 1865 
Dickens Mut. Fr.u. iv. 1. 197 Acertain handsome room on 
the ground floor, eating out a back-yard, 

e. Mining. (See quot.) 

1851 Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld. § Durh.25 Eat out,this 
expression is applied when a level coal drift is turned to the 
ap. in order to take advantage of (or ‘ eat out’) a rise hitch. 

8. Eat up. a. To consume completely, eat 
without leaving any ; to devour greedily. Also fg. 

1535 CoveRDALE Bed 22 Ate vp soch thinges as were vpon 
y°altare. 1583 Stuspes Amat. Adus. 1. 27 By this meanes 
rich men eate vp poore men, as beasts eate vp grasse. 1816 
Jane Austen Emma ii, The wedding-cake was all ate up, 
1873 Brownine Red Cott. N-Cap C. 1472 Monsieur Leonci 
Miranda ate her up with eye-devouring. ° 

b. To devastate, consume all the food in (a 
country); to consume all (a person’s) provisions 
or resources; to ruin (a person) for one’s own 
benefit. Also (in mod. use) of nations : To absorb, 
annex rapaciously (neighbouring territories). 

1616 Hizron Wks. 1. 589 Goe not from the church, to 
eate out & to eate vp one another in the market, by fraud 
& cruelty. 1715 Burnet Own Times (1823) I. 413 He set 
as many soldiers upon him, as should eat him up in a night. 
17a1 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 158 The Scots were sent 
home, after having eaten up two counties, 1722 WoLLASTON 
Relig, Nat. vii. 146 Others .. would not fail to make them- 
selves greater or stronger by eating up their neighbours. 
1879 Froune Czsar v. 42 On they swept eating up the 
country. 1884 — 4 Oct. 342/2 The Boers .. will 
gradually ‘eat-up’ all the surrounding territories, as they 
are now ‘eating-up’ Zululand. 

¢. fig. To absorb wastefully ; to have a destruc- 
tive effect upon ; to consume (time, money, etc.). 

1680 ALLEN Peace & Unity Pref. 54 Hath eaten up the 
comfort of love in a great measure. 171x STEELE Sfect. 
‘No.6 ®4 The Affectation of being Gay and in Fashion, has 


23 


very near eaten up our good Sense and our Religion. 1776 
Apam Situ W, N. (1869) II. v. ii. 416 Whose salaries may 
eat up the greater | ale of the produce of the tax. 1840 
Marryat Poor Yack xxxv, The sun had so much power.. 
that iteat up the wind. 1856 Miss YoncEe Daisy Chain1. 
xviii. (1879) 179, I got a bit of Sophocles that was so hor- 
“a hard, it ate up all my time. 
. To absorb, assimilate the ideas of (a writer). 
156r Daus tr. Budlinger on Afpoc. (1573) 138 We say in 
Dutch, He hath eaten Galen or Priscian quyte vp, that is 
to say, he hath learned them by hart. 1865 Masson Rec. 
Brit. Philos. 281 Kant ate up all Hume, and redigested him. 

e. Of passions: To ‘consume’, absorb (a per- 
son). Of diseases, troubles, etc.: To wear out 
the life of (a person). Chiefly in fass.; const. 
with (pride, selfishness, etc. ; a disease, debts, etc.). 

1604 Suaks. Ofh, m1. iii. 391, I see, you are eaten vp with 
Passion. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 494 ? 1 The saint was.. 
generally eaten up with spleen and melancholy. 1751 Jor- 
TIN Sevm, Gr) I. vi. 109 Nehemiah found the people .. 
eaten up with debts. 1799 in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1845) 
III. 316 The garrison is .. eat up with the scurvy. 1813 
Jane Austen Pride & Prej. v. 15 He is eat up with pride. 

+f. To elide or slur over (syllables) in pro- 
nunciation. Ods. rare. [So. Fr. manger.] 

I aes I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 57 Sa is the hinmest lang 
syllabe the hinmest fute, suppose there be vther short sylla- 
bis behind it, quhilkis are eatin vp in the pronounceing, and 
na wayis comptit as fete. 

IV. The verb-stem in comb. with obj.: eat- 
all, a glutton; + eat-flesh, transl. L. sarcophagus, 
Gr, capkopayos the name of a kind of stone which 
had the property of consuming the flesh of corpses 
laid in it (see SARCOPHAGUS). 

1598 FLorio, Pamphago, the name of adogge, as one would 
saie a rauener, an eate-all. 1884 C. Power in Gent. Mag. 
Feb, 121 Idle people in the community —do nothings and 
eat-alls. 1632 SHERWooD, An eate-flesh, sarcophago, 

+ Eat, sd. Obs. Forms; 1-3 set, 2-4 ete, (2 
hete), 3 at, 4ethe, 7 eat. [Com. Teut.: OE, 
wt=OFris. é, OS. d¢, OHG. dz, ON. d¢:—OTeut. 
*@to-m, f. ablaut-stem of *e¢az to Eat. In later 
use perh. the vb.-stem used subst.] 

1. That which is eaten, food. 

a1o00 Guthlac 708 (Gr.) Oft he him zte heold. c 1000 
ZEtrric On O. T. in Sweet Ags. Reader 60 Moyses .. xtes 
ne gimde on eallum dam fyrste. c1175 Lamb, Hont. 109 
On monie wisen mon mei wurchen elmessan, on ete and on 
wete. ¢1200 OrMIN 11640 Adam .. Biswikenn wass burrh 
zte. 1340 Ayend. 248 Vor be to moche drinke and ethe 
sterfp moche volk. 1609 Beaum. & Fi. Scornf. Lady u. 
70 Thou art cold of constitution, thy eat unhealthful. 

2. The action of eating; a meal. 

c 1000 Ags. Ps. lviii[ix]. 15 (Gr.) Hi to zteut zewitad. a1z00 
Moral Ode 258 in Cott. Hon. 175 Po be sungede muchel a 
drunke and an ete. c1z00 77x. Coll. Hom. 63 Pe lichames 
festing is widtiging of estmetes..and untimlicheetes. J/od. 
Scotch, Gude to the eat=good to the taste, 

Eat, Sc. variant of Oar, 

Eatable (7'tab’l), a. ands. [f. Eat v. + -ABLE.] 

A. adj. That may be eaten, suitable for food ; 


edible, esculent. 

1483 Cath. Ang. 118 Eteabylle, comessibilis, 1551 Tur- 
ner Herbal t. (1568) M v b, The eatable cucumbre pepon 
that is to saye rype, is of a fyne substance. 1579 FULKE 
Heskins’ Parl. 306 The crosse maketh our Lordes fleshe 
layde vpon it eatable of men. ?1690 Consid. Raising Money 
15 To lay a Home-Excise upon things eatable and drinkable. 
1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) 1V, 8 Bread mixed with 
sea-water .. in time becomes so bitter as not to be eatable. 
1863 LyeLt Antig. Man 13 The common eatable oyster. 

B. sb. That which may be eaten ; an article of 


food. Chiefly in £7. 

1672 Petty Pol. Anat. 362 More eatables were exported 
anno 1664, than 1641. 1719 De For Crzsoe (1840) II. ii. 46 
Bread or other eatables. 1726 BerKetey in Fraser L7/ iv. 
(1871) 137 Whether a minor be not chargeable for eatables 
and wearables. 18.. LANpor Wes. (1868) II. 82 We had 
brought no eatable with us but fruit and thin marzopane. 
1879 Brersoum Patagonia xvi. 242 Till..all the drinkables 
and eatables in Pedro’s shop had disappeared. 

HenceEa‘tableness; also Eatabi-lity, z07ce-wd. 

1795 SoutuEy Letters fr. Spain (1799) 113 P.’s theory 
of the eatability of cats. 1813 Ann. Reg. 1812 Chron. 518 
Water-cresses, of the eatableness of which the Persians 
appeared totally ignorant. i 

atage (7'tedz). orth. dial. [f. Eat v. +-AGE; 
cf. Epp1sH, which may haye been confused.] 

1. Grass available only for grazing; esp. the 
aftermath, or growth after the hay is cut. Also 
with some defining word, as after-, spring, winter. 

164: Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 129 Three landes in the 
Carre at 16s. 8d, a lande without the eatage. 1723 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 6209/4 The Winter Eatage .. arising from .. 
West Inggs. my: Fags A. Younc Ann, Agric. XIX. 31 
in Old Country Was. (E. D. S.) There is no grass that oil 
bring so heavy a crop of hay [as clover and rye- J and 
that after an early spring eatage. 1797 Burns Reel, Law 
III. 469 The after-mowth or “Die ag Lbid. 477 Cattle 
.. put and kept upon the same land. .for the spring eatage. 
1863 Mrs. TooGoop Yorksh. Dial., The eatage of the Lanes 

f the Township will be let by ticket. 1877 Justice Lusu 
in Law Rep. 
the tenement. 2 

2. The right of using for pasture. 

1857 C. B. Rosinson Gloss. Best's Farm. Bhs. (1856) 184 
An increased charge being made for eatage of the fogge, 
1869 Pall Mall G. 6 Sept. 5 It is the eatage of the straw 
rather than the straw itself which belongs to the off-goin 
tenant, 1885 East Cumbrid, News 18 July, To be sold, 
eatage of fog. Z 


meen’s B. Il, 449 The winter eatage of 


EATH. 


+ Hat-bee. Oss. An English name for the 
Merops apiaster, (sometimes wrongly identified 
with the Wood-pecker.) Cf. BEE-EATER. 

{1573 Coorer Thesaur., Apiastra Auicula est, Seruius, 
Eadem que merops, auis Germaniz ignota. Longe enim 
errant, quz picum viridem interpretantur.] 1608 ‘TorseLL 
Serpents 646 Divers living creatures are nourished by.. 
honey; as the bear .. the woodpecker or eat-bee, 1611 
Cotcr., Guespier, a Woodwal], Wood-pecker, Eat-bee (a 
little bird). 1693 W. Ropertson Phraseol. Gen. 520 An 
eat-bee, a bird; apiaster, merops. 

+Eat-bill. ?Blundered form of prec. Odés. 


I Fiorio, Gratlo, a woodpecker, or eate-bill, or wit- 


wall. 

Eatche. Also 7 eitch. Sc. form of Apzr. 

1611 Rates (Jam.) Eitches for cowpers, the dozen iiiZ. xiis. 
1818 Scotr Br. Lamm. xxv, ‘Let me hae a whample at 
him wi’ mine eatche—that’s a’.’ 

Eatelich, var. of ATELICH a., Ods. frightful. 

Eaten (7‘t’n), Af/. a. [pa. pple. of Ear v.] 

1. Consumed as food ; devoured. 

3599 MinsHeu Span. Gram. 80 Eaten bread is forgotten. 
1656 Ducarp Gate Lat. Und. » 862. 271 Half-eaten morsels, 
and other scraps. 1864 SwinsurNneE Atalanta Thou whose 
mouth Looks red from the eaten fruits of thine own womb. 

2. Gnawed, corroded, ulcerated, Cf. Moru-, 
WORM-EATEN,. 

1581 Sipney Afpol, Poetrie (Arb.) 31 Old Mouse-eaten 
records. 1607 TorseLt Four-f. Beasts 401 The aforesaid 
eaten or lanced wounds. 

Eater (7‘ta1). Also 1-5 eter(e, 5 etar. [f. 
Eat v.+-ER.] One who eats; also with zw, a 
consumer, devourer, and with object sb. pre- 
fixed, as bread-, flesh-eater. 

a1000 Prov.18 (Bosw.) Eteras, commessatores. 1340 A yend, 
47 Ase byep be mochele drinkeres and eteres. 1483 CaxToN 
Gold. Leg. 267/2 Thou etar of porrete wene thou to take me 
out of myn hows? 1483 Cath. Ang?. 118 An Eter, comestor. 
1535 CovERDALE Ezek. xxxvi. 13 Thou art an eater vp of 
men, and a waister of thy people. 1625-6 SHirtey Mazds’ 
Rev. ut. ii, Do I look like a spider-catcher, or toad-eater ? 
1710 Futter Jatler No, 205 ® 2, (I) always speak of them 
with the Distinction of the Eaters, and the Swallowers. 
1807 Sir R. Witson ¥rnd. 7 June Life (1862) II. viii. 253 We 
slept like pudding-eaters. 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. 
(1842) VI. vii. 95 It severs the Fait from the eater. 

fig. 1829 E. Exuiotr Vill, Patriarch Notes 179 Unless 
the bread-tax-eaters can be induced to convene. 

b. with adj. prefixed, as great, moderate, etc. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 37 They are great eaters. 
1809 Jas. Moore Cam. Spain 62 He [Sir John Moore] was 
a very plain and moderate eater. 1865 CartyLe /redk. Gt. 
III. vit. v. 43 He is no great eater. 

ec. transf. Of chemical corrosives. 

1610 Markuam Masterp. 11. cxxx. 432 Litergie, or lime, in 
lye .. are likewise very violent and strong eaters. 

Hence Ea‘tress [see -ESs], a woman who eats, 

1834 Beckrorp /taly II. 244, I never beheld eaters or 
eateresses lay about them with greater intrepidity. 1840 
New Month. Mag. LIX. 312 In a salon filled with the in- 
satiable eaters and eatresses of macaroni. 


Eath, eith (7, 7p), a. and adv. Ods. exc. Sc. 
Forms: 1-3 ea&(e, edie, 1-4 ep(e, 3-6 eth(e, 
3 ep, ei8, eitht, ith, iepe, ype, 4-5 eyth, (4 
eep, eeth, ejathe), 6 eathe, 6- eath, Sc. eith. 
[OE. dae adv. = OS. do easily, perhaps, OHG, 
édo perhaps (also in a-ddo ‘with difficulty’) :— 
OTeut. *aupd; the combining form ¢aJ- = ON. 
aud-, as in axd-gprr easy todo. Of the adj. the 
normal OE, form is ee, se (also used as ady.) 
=OS. édi easy, OHG. édz easy, possible :—WGer. 
*aupjo-z; perh. the word was orig. an -z stem, 
which would account for the existence of the form 
éap(e without umlaut. The OE. compar. degree 
of the adv. was ep, &, but there is no distinct 
evidence of its survival into ME. 

It has been disputed whether the present word is related 
to OHG. édi, MHG. éde, wde, mod.G. dde, ON. andr, 
Goth. aubs (2or aupeis, ek ce desert, uninhabited, empty. 
The sense offers no valid objection to the connexion of the 
words, as the notion of ‘empty’ might give rise both to 
that of ‘desert’ and to that of ‘free from difficulties’.] 

A. adj. 

1, Of an action: Easy, not difficult. 

¢1200 OrMIN 19673 And Crist wass 2b to witenn batt 
Forr Crist wat alle pingess. a1300 Cursor M. 18385 Of 
eldrin men pai mette wit tuin, Pat bai war ald was eth 
[v.~ ith] to se. c1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Knt. 676 To fynde hys 
fere vpon folde, in fayth is not epe. 1375 Barsour Bruce 
xvit. 454 It wes nocht eyth till ta the toune. 1398 Trevisa 
Barth. De P. R.v. xxi, In olde men abstinence of mete is 
eth and esy. 1513 DoucLas eis Exclamatioun 28 Far 
eithar is..Ane othir sayaris faltis to spy and note, Than 
but offence or falt thame self to wryte. c1579 Monr- 
comertr Navigation 200 To the Porte of Leith: To come 
right in, we thoght it very eith. 1647 H. More Cuia’s 
Confi. xiii, And eath it was, since they’re so near a kin. 
1748 THomson Cast. Indol. 1, \xxiv, To stir him from his 
traunce it was not eath. 182x Mrs. WHEELER Ad. Cum- 
brid. Dial. 10 E’en yet its eith to trace A guilty conscience 
in my blushing feace. 1862 Histor Prov. Scotl. 55 Eith 
working when will’s at hame, 

b. Of a passage, etc.: That may be travelled 


with ease, not rough. 

Beowulf 228 (Gr.) Wedera leode .. gode pancedon ~ 
pe him yplade eade wurdon. 1579 SreNsER Sheph. Cal. 
July 90 Hereto, the hilles bene nigher heauen, and thence 
the passageethe. 1627 P. FLercuer Locusts. ix, Hels yron 
gates toevery guilty soule yeelds entrance eath, 


EATHE. 


2. Of the object, means, or method of an action: 
Making resistance ; presenting few difficul- 
ties; = Easy. Const. z#/., usually active in form 
but passive in sense. 

meh Talons y Weneet te bat we tept to 00 Mat 
helin? a ecet o in Cott. Hom. 279 Pouerte wid 
menske is for to polien. 1297 R. Grouc. (1810) 327 He 
was le & myldore, & ep to ouercome. ¢ Pa ager 
Troylus v. 849 He was ethe ynough te maken dwelle. c1400 
Rom. Rose 3955 A foole is eyth to bigyle. ¢1450 Henry- 
son Mor. Fab. 58 The Bairne is eith to buske that is vn- 
borne. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 382/1, 1 woulde 
euery other thinge wer as ethe to mend as _— is. 21535 
— Wks. 83 For as saint Poule saith, y° fleshly sinnes 
eth to perceiue. 1632 SANDERSON Sevm. 323 A great moun- 
taine is eath to be seene. 169t Ray N.C. Words Coll. 23 
It is eath to do, i. e. Easie. 7-8 H. Mitter First Impr. 
xiv. (1857) 235 One of our old Scotch proverbs [says] God’s 
bairns are eath to lear, i.e. easily instructed. 

+. Of a person: Easy to be entreated, gentle ; 
in ME. with genit, ed7 modes gentle of mood. Also, 
Ready, susceptible; const. zzf Ods. 

c1250 Gen. § Ex. 2249 God hunne him edi-modes ben. 
5 Sree F. Q. 1. vi. 40 Her gentle hart .. More eath 
was new impression to receive. ; 

+3. Comfortable, at ease, free from pain. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 2234 Ed him wes on heorten. /did. 8178 Pa 


wes his hurte 2 Ibid, 1250 Po was he pe ebere. 
B. adv. Easily, without difficulty. 
a 1000 Boeth. Metr. ix. 54 He wel meahte Pet unriht him 


ede forbiodan. axzooo Andreas 425 (Gr.) God eade mez 
headolidendum helpe gefremman. c 1175 Cott. Hom. 219 He 
wolde and eade mihte bien his sceoppinde 3elic. a1200 
Moral Ode 284 in Cott. Hom, 177 las he muwen ben 
of-drad pe hine sculled bi-helde. a12azg Ancr. R. 62 A 
blinde be heorte, heo is ed ouercumen, & ibrouht sone 
mid sunne to grunde. a1300 A. Horn 61 So fele mi3ten 

be Bringe hem pre to dipe. ar Cursor M. 11219 
Koght he not pan.. Be born vte of a maiden eth At be 
time o nine moneth? c 1315 SHorEHAM 7 Wel e3athe, 
God thorwe miracles ketheth hit A-lyve and eke a-dethe. 
c1460 Towneley Myst. 193 Oone worde myght thou speke 
ethe. 1538 Starkey England 1. ii. § 6 (1871) 32 We may 
the. .ether also avoyd thys ignorance. 1600 FairFAx 7asso 
x. xlii. 187 Who thinkes him most secure is eathest shamed. 
41774 Fercusson Rising of Sess. Poems (1845) 28 Eith 
can the pleugh-stilts gar a chiel Be unco vogie Clean to lick 
aff his crowdie-meal. 1862 Histor Prov. Scotl. 54 Eith 
learned, soon forgotten. 

C. Eath- in Comdé. 

1. Forming adjs. (which did not survive beyond 
14th c.), the final element being f. the stem of 
a verb: eSbete [see BEET v.], easy to amend; 
eSfele [see FEEL v.], easily felt; epgete [see 
Gert v.], easily obtained ; eBlete [see Let v.1, and 
cf. OE. earfodlete emitted with difficulty], easily 
dismissed, lightly esteemed; eSluke [see Louk v.], 
easily pulled ; ene [see SENE a., SEE v.], easy 
to see; epwinne [see WIN v.], easy to win. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 63 Pat we hauen agilt her biforen 
.. bud *edbete gif hie us sore riewed. cxaag Ancr. R. 1 
Uordi pet heo beod *ed fele. c1ooo Axrric on O. & N. 
Test. 32(Bosw.) Him wes *eabgete ele to dam babe. ¢ 1275 
Sinners Beware 19 in O. E. Misc. 74 py vs is ep-gete Helle 
pat is unlede. a@1200 Moral Ode 38 in E. E. Poems (1862) 
24 *E@lete [is] muchel gyue Senne de heorte is ille. araz 
Juliana 70 Me ledde hire & hleac ford ant heo wes *ed- 
luke. a 1000 CynewuLr Crist 1235 Der bip *epzesyne breo 
tacen. a1200 Moral Ode 338 in O. E. Misc. 70 Pat is wel 
eb-sene. a12ag Leg. Kath. 381 Sutel is and edsene .. bat 
tu were iset 3ung to leaf and to lare. a122g Ancr. R. 116 
Widuten writunge, be fulde is to ed-cene. cxr200 Trin. Coll. 
Hom. 49 Nime we pe turtles bitocninge pat is *edwinne. 

2. With final element f. a sb.; see Epmop, 
-MEDE, 

+ Eathe, v. Os. rare. In 3 pa. ¢. eBSBede. [f. 
Eatu a.) trans. To lighten, alleviate, i 

cr1ago Gen. § Ex. 1439 Eliezer him cam a-gon, Eddede 
his sor3e, bro3t him a wif Of faizer waspene. 

Eather, dial. form of Epprr, osier. 

+ Ea , a and adv. Obs. Forms: see 
Earn. [f. Earn a.+-y.] A. adj. 

1. Easy, not difficult. | 

cx000 Ags, nee Matt. xix. 26 Ealle ping synt mid Gode 
eadelice [c 1160 Hatton x6elice). cx160 Hatton Gosp. Matt. 
xix. 24 AEpelicor beod bam olfende to ganne purh needle ea3e, 
¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 135 Of ane edeliche dede. : : 

2. Inconsiderable, slight, trifling. Often in anti- 
thesis to eche (=eternal) ; Of short duration. 

c890 K. Axtrrev Beda u. y. (Bosw.) Gif 3u ne wilt us Ze- 

afian in swa wdelicum pingo. ¢1176 Cott. Hom. 221 Mid 

aedelice hyrsumnesse pu 3earnest hefen rices merhde. 
a1225 Ancr. R. 282 On edelich stiche, oder on edelich eche 
maked uorte understonden hwu lutel wurd is prude. 

3. a. Of a person: Low in station; mean in 
character. b. Ofa — Of small value. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 35, Ne was be engel isend ne to 
kinge ..ac to loze and edeliche men alse es bud. 
1300 Floriz § Bl. 274 Abute be orchard is a wal; pe epeli- 
keste ston is cristal. 

B. adv, Easily, without difficulty. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Com. uke xviii. 25 Eadelicor mag se olfend 
gan burh are nadle eaze. ¢ 1200 OrMIN 12532 Sop Godd .. 
mibhte standenn zpeli3 32nhimm, 15 ‘urn. Occurr, 
(1833) 249 His 1 eithlie culd not heirtofoir be fundin. 
1737 Ramsay Scot. Prov. Ded., You may eithly make your- 

master of the hale ware. 1813 Hoce Queen's Wake 7 
The rein deir dun can eithly run, Quhan the houndis 
the hornis pursue, 1872 BLackte Bed Hight. 71 This only 
lore my beggar wit Could eathly understand, 
b. At an easy price, cheaply, 


24 


c Aner. R. Ne sule pu neuer so edeliche .. his 
1225 290 pu 


di spuse. 

+ Eaths, adv. Obs. ff Eats a. with genitival 
“ Ca fea Poy Which eaths 

in sad and strange disguises To pensive minds. 


Eating (7‘tin), vd/. sd. [f. Eat v. +-1NG1,] 

1. The action or habit of taking food. 

c1175 Lamb, Hom. 19 Pe licome luuad muchele slaude 
and muchele etinge and drunkunge. ¢ 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 
37 Sume men here lif on etinge and on drinkinge alse 
gwin, ¢c1380 Wycuir Serm. Sel. Wks. 1. 66 Hous of etynge. 
Jbid. U1. 410 Ffor gostily eetynge of Cristis owne y. 
a1450 Kut.de la Tour 22 Ther was noyse betwene the 
man and hys wiff for etinge of the ele. 'AYNELL Salerne 
Regim. E., pcx d that haue a putrified feuer, are forbyden 
eatynge of mylke. x60r Suaks. Ful. C.1. ii, 296. 1651 
Hosses Leviath. 1. xli, 264 By eating at Christ’s table, is 
meant the eating of the Tree of Life. 1755 SMoLLETT Quix. 
(1803) II. 135, e proof of the pudding is in the eating 
of it. 1884 Ruskin in Pall Mali G. 27 Oct. 6/1 You have 
.. kickshaws instead of beef for your eating. 

b. An act of taking food; a meal. Also a 
way or manner of feeding. arch. 

1483 Cath. Ang?.118 An Etynge, commestio, edilis, 1535 
CoverpaLe Ecclus. xxxvii. 29 Be not gredy in euery eat- 
ynge. 1608 Hirron /Wés. I. 691 Taking heed to our selues 
in our eatings, in our apparrell, in our companie, in our 
recreations. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Wom. & B.1. iv. 77 Mar- 
velling at their eatings, their faces, and at the prodigious 
jumps they took. 1873 Lytton XK. Chillingly m1. v. (1878) 
188 Epochs are signalised by their eatings. 

c. Good, etc., eating: said of an article of food. 

=. rs. Harris in Priv. Lett. 1st Ld. Malmesbury 1. 
23 itebait. .are really very good eating. 1781 Phil. Trans. 

X XI. 169 note, White Ants .. are most delicious and deli- 
cate eating. 1871 Gd. Words 720 A.. fish, weighing from 
half-a-pound to two pounds, and excellent eating. 

2. Corrosion ; disintegration by a chemical agent. 

x6gr T. H[ate] Acc. New /nvent. 1 The extraordinary 
Eating and Corroding of their Rudder-Irons and Bolts. 

3. attrib. and Comb., as eating-apple, -parlour, 
etc. Also EATING-HOUSE, -ROOM, 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Etynge appulle tre, escudus. 
1483 Cath. Angl. 118 An Beynge place, pransorium. 1 
Fisner Fun. Serm. Marg. C’tesse Richmonde (1708) 12 The 
hour of dyner .. of the Etynge day was ten of the Cloke, 
and upon the fastynge day, Eleven. 1535 CoverDaLe Ruth 
ii. 12 Whan it is eatinge tyme, come hither, and eate of the 
bred. 1622 MassinGer, etc. O/d Law 111.1, I shall have 
but six weeks of Lent .. & then comes eating-tide. 1630 
J. Taytor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent 12 Nothing comes 
amisse. Let any come in the shape of fodder or eating- 
stuffe, it is welcome. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. xv. 256 
The said man-eating occasions. 1823 F. Coorer Pioneer 
vii. (1869) 35/2 The remainder of the party withdrew to an 
eating parlour. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. viii. (1873) 172 
The elevatory movement, and the eating-back power of the 
sea. 1853 Rock Ch, of Fathers 111. u. 86 They went in 
procession to the eating-hall. 

Eating (7tin), f/. a. [f. Eat +-1ne2.] 

1. That eats; chiefly in comb. with prefixed obj. 
Formerly also, Greedy, voracious. 

1483 Cath, Angi. 118 Etynge, edax, edaculus. 1712 Ap- 
pison Spect. No. 446 ? 6 An eating Parasite, or a vain- 
glorious Soldier. Mod. He has killed a man-eating tiger. 

+b. quasi-sd, = Eater. Obs, 

c1340 Cursor M. 7125 (Trin.) Of be etyng be mete out 
sprong. 1382 Wyciir Nahum iii. 12 His vnripe fijgis .. 
shuts falle in to the mouth of the etynge [1388 etere]. 

2. That consumes or eats away ; gnawing, cor- 
roding, fretting : of sores, chemical corrosives, etc. 

162ax Burton Anat. Mel, u. iv. 1. (1651) 383 Plaisters to 
raise blisters, eating medicines of pich, mustard-seed and 
the like. 1702 Rowe 7amer/. 1v. 1.1774 Drops of eating 
Water on the Marble. 1835 Brown1nc Paracels. 130 Fester- 
ing blotches, eating poisoning blains. 

ig. ¢x60a Fr. Davison 7's. xxiii. in Farr’s S. P. (1845) 
322 From sweatting toyle, and eating care. MiLTon 
L' Allegro 135 And ever against eating cares, Lap me in 
soft Lydian airs. 1702 Rowe Ambit. Step-Moth. 1. i. 278 
That eating canker, Grief. 1876 Bracke Songs Relig. § 
Life 186 From eating care thy heart to free. 

Ea‘ting-house. A house for eating, es. one 
in which meals are supplied ready dressed; a 
cook’s shop, restaurant. ‘a 

c Promp. Parv. 143 Et howse, fransorium, 
1673 Carne Marr, a la Modem. iv, An eating house. 
Bottles of wine on the table. 1748 Smotierr Nod. Random 
xiii, To dine at an eating-house. 1805 N. Nicnotts Let. in 
Corr. Gray (1843) 49 He dined generally alone, and was 
served from an eating-house.. pila pein Street. 1848 Ma- 
cauLay Hist, Eng. 1. 237 A third had stepped into an eating 
house in Covent Garden. 

Ea -room. Ods. exc. arch. A room ap- 
propriated for eating; a dining-room. 

1613 in Northern ct Q. 1. 74 Chalmeirs to be ordinaire 
eitting roomes. 175: SmMotLetr Per, Pic. (1779) II, Ixxvi. 
27 He handed her down stairs into the eating-room. 

i. Mayo Po. Superst. vi. 87 He went to the hotel of M. 
Lafi  .. and entered the eating room. 


+ Ea-tnell. Oés.—! [obscurely f. Eat v.] 

1611 Cotcr., Crogueteur, an eatnell, a greedie, and lick- 
orous feeder, 

Eaton, obs. form of Ett, giant. 

|| Eau (0), French for ‘water’, occurring in the 
names of several liquids, used as scents or in medi- 
cine, as Eau-de-Cologne, a perfume consisting of 
alcohol and various essential oils, originally (and 
still very largely) made at Cologne; also (xonce- 
use) asa vb, Kau-de-Luce, a medicinal prepara- 


EAVES. 


‘tion of alcohol, ammonia, and oil of amber, in 
India as an antidote to snake-bites, es * 
land sometimes as smelling salts. -de- 
it. ‘water of life’], the Fr. name for brandy. 
Sty, Spy 
wn To lessington 14 Apr., Neither lemon- 
.% rmealt i 9 
‘Mag. XII. bo3 Her maid. peo oe om, ee 


’s with Cologne. 
Gentl, Mag. VI. is gi the ine *. 
Con ag SVE Tu esp he gine “Ea de 
scarified, and filled with eau de luce. 1852 Tu. Ross tr. 
Humboldt’s Trav. 11, xxiv. 447 In vain ia and 
eau-de-luce been tried against the Curare. 

Eau, erroneous form of Ea, canal. 

+ Eau‘bruche, s’.1 Ods. Forms: 1 éw- 
bryce, 2-3 eu-, ewe, ewue, eaubruche. [OE.éw- 
bryce, f. OE. #w, ZE sb.2 marriage + bryce, BRUCHE, 
a breaking.] Adultery. me 

i L 3, ‘ 
pone Pays 
li inne eubruche. 


word and idele lehtres .. ai225 

Ancr. R. 204 Heo beoth .. Hordom, Eaubruche, etc. 
+Eau‘bruche, 52.2 Ods. Forms: 

bryca, 2 eubruche. [OE. #wbryca, f. prec.] 

Also Eau‘brekere. Os. In 2 eawbrekere. [f. 
ME. dbrekere BREAKER.] An adulterer. 

a x000 in Thorpe Laws II. 268 (Bosw.) Se Se his zwe for- 
ekg area Wes ade a ak 
I e u 5 5 ui 

. le 


.. and ba eawbrekeres .. habbed an ponc 
| Bau Plows (42. ‘strong water’], French for 

‘nitric acid’; hence, for an etching. 

Hence Eau fortiste, an etcher. 

1882 Society 11 Nov. 22/1 The etching being by the well- 
known eau/fortiste, Mr. J. L. Steele. 

Eave, (iv). [Back-formation from EavEs, treated 
as pl] U as the sing. of Eaves. Hence 
Eave v., to provide with shelter under eaves; 
Eaved //. a., ——_ with eaves; Ea'ving sé. 
(usually pl.) = Eaves, 

r Nortu Plutarch 378 He hid the Money he had 
stolne under the house eavings. 1611 Cotcr., Agou 


ttis, 
the eauings of ahouse. 1710 T. Warp Eng. Ref. 1. (1716) 
102 (D.) i 


is hat..With narrow rim scarce wide enou, 


To 
eave from rain the ing ruff. ar Liste Husé. (1757) 
5 On these walls Bray ms ier ta his house. z 
Nicnccaon Pract. Build. 402 Eave.—The skirt or lower 
art of the — hanging over the naked of the wall. 1851 
usKIN Stones Ven. (1874) I. xiv. 151 The Eaved Cornice 
. -as rep! d in the simplest form age eaves. 
YNDALL Forms Water § 37. 258 The water trickles to 
eave and then down. i 
Eaver! (7:va1). Obs. exc. diah Also ever. 


[Of unknown — ; some have suggested py cee 


of F. ivrate Lolium temulentum ; 
of the Eng. word, however, seem to forbid this.] 
Rye ae Lolium perenne). 
x : E Pon Tour tap mh L Clover, Eaver, 
and a Ww. eco ‘est of ry. Gloss. 
’ pe en ney ra) ‘grass, East o nwall 
Gloss. (E. D.8.) Eaver, in pH parts pronounced Hayver, 


The grass, Lolium perenne. 

Eaver ? (i-vo1). dial. Also 7 eever, 9 ether. 
A provincial term for the direction of the wind ; 
a quarter of the heavens. (Adm, Smyth.) 
Ei 


Smytu Sailor's Word-bk, 1875 Lanc. Gloss. (E. D. S.) 

‘aver (sometimes Ether) .. The wind is in a rainy eaver, 
Eaver, obs. Sc. var. of AVER. 

1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 72 Great number of eavers or beasts. 

Eaver, var. of Ever, Ods., wild boar. 

Eaves (ivz). Forms: 1 efes, 3-5 eouesen 
( p/.), ouese, -ise, 4 euez, euese, 4-8 eves(e, (4 
hevese), (6 ease, 6 #/. esen), 7 eaues, (eeves, 
heaves), dial. eize, 7- eaves. [OE. og fem. 
= OFris. ose, Flem. (Kilian) oose, OHG. odasa 
MHG. odse, mod. dial.G. odsen) eaves, porch 

:— WGer. *obis(w)a, *obas(w)a) = ON. = (Sw. 

ial. uffs), Goth. udizwa porch; prob. f. same 
root as Over. The final -s has been mistaken for 
the sign of the pl., and in mod. Eng. the word 
is commonly treated as pl., Eave being occas. used 


as the sing. The forms ME. ovese, WSomerset 
= (Elworthy), point to an OE, form *ofes:— 
Ger. robs we 
1. The edge of the roof of a building, or of the 
thatch of a stack, which overhangs the side. 
axo000 Lamb, Psalter ci{i). 7 (Bosw.) Geworden ic eom 
swa swa spearwa..anwuniende on efese. ¢ 1205 Lay. 
eouesen he ] grupen. “sano Batiory 
462 De spinnere . atte hus rof hire o rof 
ouese. ¢ Parv. 144 Evese, Also thys 
Se area ee 
pf : oe a gem es eee of y he 
Suaxs. 7% v. i Be en, eee his 
like winters rom eaues of reeds. 1611 Corya 
a rapt eae or eauisses of their houses. 1629 
itr “ a al . rane! 
di Penser. 192 Ushered with a shower still ..W ith minute- 


EAVESDRIP. 


drops from off the eaves. 1663 Cowtry Verses § Ess. (1669) 
104 The Birds under the Eeves of his Window call him up 
in the morning. 1751 W. Hatrrenny New Designs Farm 
Ho. 5 Thence to the Eves of the Roofs one Brick and half. 
1799 J. Ropertson Agric. Perth 161 The best form of corn 
soa is circular, with .. a conical top, diverging a little 
towards the eaves. 1819 SHELLEY Ros. & Helen 367 Like 
twinkling rain-drops from the eaves. 1849 FREEMAN Archit. 
FE age eaves .. rest commonly on small arcades or corbel- 
tables. 

; Crowne City Polit. u.i, I hang on the eves of 
athe tae Shrembling drop, ready every minute to fall, 

b. Of a wood: The edge, margin. Ods. 

898 O. Z. Chron. an. 894 Pa foron hie .. bi swa hwaberre 
efes swa nie penne fierdleas wes. ¢1325 Gloss. W. de 
Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 159 Desouz foverayl, under the 
wode-side wode-hevese. ¢ 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 1178 Pus 
laykez pis lorde by lynde wodez euez. 

. transf. Anything that projects or overhangs 
slightly, as +the brow of a hill, +the flaps of a 

dle, the edge of a cloud or precipice, the brim 
of a hat; also Zoet. the eyelids. 

_ Wycur Yo xi. 5 Anne forsothe sat beside the weye 
eche dai in the euese [1388 aes Vulg. supercilio] of the hil. 
1663 Butter Hud. 1.1. 412 He got up to the saddle eaves, 
From whence he vaulted into th’ seat. 1850 ‘TENNYSON 
In Mem. \xvi, Closing eaves of wearied eyes 1 sleep. 1855 
Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xi. § 511 The southern: eaves of 
the cloud plane. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. ii. 21 Overhang- 
ing eaves of snow. 1862 Borrow Wales I. 4 A leather hat 
.. With the side eaves turned up. 

3. Comb. eaves-board (also eave-board; see 
EAvE), eaves-catch, -lath (see quot. 1875); 
+eaves-knife, a knife for cutting thatch at the 
eaves; eaves-martin, the House Martin (- 
rundo urbica). Also EAvES-DROP sé, and v., 
-DROPPER, -DROPPING. 

1399 Mem, Ripon (Surtees) III. 131 Tabulas que vocantur 
Erde. e1505 Church-w. Acc. St. Dunstan's Canterb., 
For xlv fote of *evys borde xvd. 1627 7S. Ace. St. Fohn's 
Hosp. Canterb., To the Sawyers for cutting of evesboord. 
1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. Trade 88 The eave-boards pro- 
ject..16 inches. 1875 Gwitt Archit., Arris fillet. When 
. used to raise the slates, at the eaves of a building, it is 
then called the eaves’ board, eaves’ lath, or *eaves’ catch. 
1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (1856) 139 A thatchers tooles are .. 
an *eize-knife for cutting the eize. 1422-3 Archives Christ 
Ch. Canterb. in Archzol. Cantiana satin 561 Item payd 
for Caryyng of the Schretherris *Evys-lathe, lathe, and 
tyle .. iis. ilijd. 1833 J. Hopcson mJ: Raine Mem. (1858) 
II, 307 The *eaves-martin very plentiful. 


Ea'vesdrip, -drop, sd. [OE. yfesdrype, f. 
Eaves + Drip, afterwards refashioned after Drop ; 
cf. ON. upsar-dropi of same meaning ; the Flem. 
oosdrup, according to Kilian,meant simply‘ eaves’.] 
The dripping of water from the eaves of a house ; 
the space of ground which is liable to receive the 
rain-water thrown off by the eaves of a building. 

Chiefly used with reference to the ancient custom or law 
which prohibited a proprietor from building at a less dis- 
tance than two feet from the boundary of his land, lest he 
should injure his neighbour’s land by ‘ eavesdrop.’ 

868 Kentish Charter in Brit. Museum Fac-Sim. u. plate 
xxxviii, An folczs folcryht to lefeenne rumzs butan twizen 
fyt to yfees drypx. 1837 CarLtyLe Fr. Rev. (1872) III. 1. ii. 
15 The lean demigod .. had..to wait under eavesdrops. 
1880 MuirnEap Gazus Digest 590 Rights of light, prospect, 
gutter, and eaves-drop. 

Eavesdrop (7vzdrgp), v. Also 7 eave-drop. 
[f. prec.; or perhaps back-formation from Eavxs- 
DROPPER.] z#¢r. To stand within the ‘eavesdrop’ 
of a house in order to listen to secrets; hence, to 
listen secretly to private conversation. Also ¢rans, 
To listen secretly to (conversation) ; formerly also, 
to listen within the ‘eavesdrop’ of (a house) ; to 
listen to the secrets of (a person). 

1606 Sir G. Goosecappe v. i. in Bullen O. PZ. (1884) III. 82 
We will be bold to evesdroppe. x16xx S. W. Baker in 
Coryat Crudities Panegyr. Verses, That evesdrops a word. 
1611 Cotar. s.v. Escoute, Estre aux escoutes..to eaue-drop, 
to prie into men’s actions or courses. 1619 Darton Countr. 
Faust. \xxv. (1630) 189 Against such as by night shall eves- 
drop mens houses. 1632 Suirtey Hyde Park 1. ii, It is not 
civil to eavesdrop hi 1820 Scotr Adédot xxi, Art thou 
already eaves-dropping? 1860 Emerson Cond. Life v. Be- 
haviour Wks. (Bohn) II. 386 We must not peep and eaves- 
drop at palace-doors. By Howe tts Wedd. Yourn. 176 
What we eavesdropped so shamefully in the hotel parlor. 


Eavesdropper (7‘vzdrppez). For forms sce 
Eaves. [f. EAVESDROP v. (or perhaps 5d.) + -ER.] 
a. In English Law: see quot. 1641. b. gem, One 
who listens secretly to conversation. 

1487 Nottingham Borough Rec. 111. 10 Juratores. .dicunt 
.. quod Henricus Rowley .. est communis evys-dropper et 
vagator in noctibus. c1s15 Modus tenendi Cur. Baron. 
(Pynson) Av b, Euesdroppers vnder walles or wyn- 
dowes .. to bere tales, 156x Awprtay Frat. Vocab. 15 
Esen Droppers. 1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. u. viii. 
24 There must be some eves-dropers with = and inke 
behind the wall. 1641 Termes de la Ley 153 Evesdroppers 
are such as stand under wals or windowes .. to heare news. 
1748 Ricnarvson Clarissa (1811) II. xii. 72 Like a thief, 
or eves-dropper, he is forced to dodge about in hopes of a 
letter. 185 W. W. Cottins Ramb. by Railways xv. (1852) 
290 The expertest eaves-droppers, who had listened at the 
door, brought away no information. 

Hence Ea‘vesdropping v/. sb. and f//. a. 

x6ox Yarincton 7wo Lament. Traj. 1. vi. in Bullen 
O. Pi. IV, Your close eaves-dropping pollicies Have hin- 
dred him of ter benefits. a ILTON Animadv. (1851) 
1g1 To stand to the courtesy of a night-walking cudgeller 

Vou. III. 


25 


for eaves dropping. cod dg Roxb. Ballads v1. (1887) 440 
Where they need fear No..eves-dropping ear. 1775 
Sueriwan Rivals m. iii, A beggarly, strolling, eavesdropping 
ensign. 1850 CLouGH Dipsychus u. iii. 46 An eaves-drop- 
ping menial. 1853 WHArton Pa. Digest 473 Eavesdropping 
consists in privily listening. 

+ Ea‘vesing. Ovs. Forms: 1 oefsung, efe- 
sung, 5 evesung, 4-6 evyss-, evys-, evesyng, 
-ing, 6 eusing, eavesinge. See also Easine sd.2 
[repr. OE. efesung, vbl. sb. f. efes-dan, EVESE v. ; in 
sense 2 directly f. EAvEs.] 

+1. The action of trimming the edges of any- 
thing; clipping, polling, shearing, Also concr. 
What is cut off; the clippings of hair. Ods. 

@8o0 Corpus Gloss. 474 Circinatio, oefsung. cx1050 Ags. 
Gloss.inWr.-Wiilcker 364 Circinnatio, efesung. a12z25 Ancr. 
R. 398 Absalomes schene white, bet ase oft ase me euesede 
him me solde his euesunge vor two hundred sicles. 

2. The eaves of a house or stack; formerly also 
used for ‘roof’, and hence ¢ransf. for ‘dwelling’. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 142 Pe niht fuel iden euesunge bitocned 
recluses, bet wunied. .under chirche euesunge. 1393 LANGL. 
P. Pl. C, xx. 193 As we may seo a wynter, fevice in 
euesynges * thorgh hete of be sonne Meltep in a mynt-while 
* to myst and to water. c1440 Promp. Parv, 144 Evese, or 
evesynge of a howse. 1547 SaLespury Welsh Dict., Bar- 

awt tuy, house eusing. 1572 Schole house Wom, g12 in 

azl. E. P. P.1V. 140 King Salomon..A woman dooth as- 
similate Unto a dropping euesing guise, Distilling down after 
rainlate. 1572 BossEwELL A smmorieu. 88 A righte little parte 
of water, .is called Gutta, when it..hangeth on eavesinges. 

Eawiht, obs. form of Aucur. 

Eawl, Eax, obs. forms of AWL, AXE. 

Eaxl, eaxle: see AxLE1. 

+Eban stone. Obs. rare". 

1621 Burton Anat, Mel. m1. iv. 1. iv. (1651) 370 The Eban 
stone which Goldsmiths use to sleeken their gold with. 

Eban(e, -y, obs. forms of Enon, Epony. 

+ Ebaptiza‘tion. Os. rare—'. ? Declaring a 
person not to have been validly baptized. 

1659 GAUDEN Tears of Ch. Aevipoa. ** 2f, Ebaptizations, 
Correptions, Abstentions, Excommunications. 

+ Eba‘te. Olds. [a. Fr. ébat.] Sport, diversion. 

c1515 Compl. to late maryed (1862) 14 For to blame women 
was all his ebate. 

|| Ebauchoir. [F. ébauchoir, f. cbaucher to 
sketch in outline.] a. A large chisel used by 
sculptors to rough-hew their work. b. A large 
hatchel or comb used by ropemakers. 

Ebb (eb), sd. Forms: 1 ebba, 4-6 ebbe, 7 
eb, 7- ebb. [OE. edda=OFris. eda, Du. edbe, eb: 
the mod.G. edde, Da. edde, Sw. ebb, are not native 
in those langs., and Fr. 2e is, like other nautical 
terms, adopted from Eng. The ultimate etymo- 
logy is uncertain: the OTeut. type might be 
*abjon-, f. the prep. ad off; or *etjon-, connected 
with Goth. zduks backwards.] 

1. The reflux of the tide; the return of tide- 
water towards the sea. Often in phrase edd and 

flow ; also tide of ebb, half-quarter-ebo. 

a1000 Byrhtnoth6s5(Gr.) parcom flowende flod zfter ebban. 
a1123 O. E. Chron. an. 1114 On pis geare wes swa mycel 
ebba. 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Langt. (1810) 106 Pe bodies 
. .wer costen vpon pe sond, After an ebbe of be flode. c 1440 
Promp. Parv. 135 Ebbe of the see, reffuxus, salaria. 1561 
Even Art, Navig. u. xviii. 50 Whiche the Mariners call nepe 
tydes, lowe ebbs.. or lowe fluddes. 1603 Drayton Bar. 
Warres 1. xxxix, As Seuerne lately in her Ebbes that sanke. 
1665 in Phil. Trans. 1. 54 The Flood runs East .. and the 
Ebb West. 1762 Borvase zdzd. LII. 418 The sea ad- 
vancing the first time to a quarter ebb; but the second 
advance was but as far as the sea reaches at half ebb. 1832 
Dexa Becne Geol. Man 69 During the freshets the ebb 
and flow are little felt. 1840 Marryat Poor Yack xxvii, 
We. .made sail, stemming the last of the ebb. 

2. transf. and fig. A flowing away backward or 
downward; decline, decay; a change from a 
better to a worse state. 

e400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 273/1 That sight. .might all my 
welling sorrowes voide, and of the flood make anebbe. 1555 
Fardle Facions Ded. 1 Not coueting to make of my floudde, 
another manes ebbe. 1652 J. Hatt Height Eloquence Introd. 
20 This. .was the Ebbe of his greatnesse. 1713 ADpIson Cato 
11. v. 80 To shed the slow remains, His last poor ebb of blood, 
in your defence. 1823 Byron /s/and m1. iv, His faintness 
came .. from..nature’s ebb. 1870 SwinpurNE Ess. § Stud. 
(1875) 279 Her ebbs and flows of passion. 

b. A point or condition of decline or depres- 
sion, esp. in phrases Zo de at an ebb, at a low, 
lowest ebb. Also poet. of the eyes, At ebb: dry. 

1610 SHAKS. Tem. 1. ii. 435 Mine eyes (neuer since at 
ebbe) beheld .. = Father wrack’t. x T. Powett Tom 
All Trades 142 The low water ebbe of the evill day. 1654 
Warren Untbelievers 134 To make the Apostle reason at a 
very low ebbe. 783 J. Brown Poetry & Mus. vii. 154 Pri- 
vate and public Virtue were at the lowest Ebb. 1798 in Bay 
Amer. Law Rep.(1809) 1. 36 In 1780 money was at its lowest 
ebb. 1876 Green Short Hist, ix. (1878) 698 The fortunes 
of France reached their lowest ebb. 

3. attrib. and Comb., as ebb-tide, etc. Also ebb- 
sleeper, a bird; = Duntin. 

1699 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Ebb-water, when there’s but 
little Money in the Pocket. 1837 R. Dunn Ornith. Ork. 


EBBERMAN. 


Schm. (1858) 65, I was introduced also, in our ebb excur- 
sions, to the cuttle-fish. 

+4. [?f the adj.] 7. Shallows. 

1577 Hotinsuep Chron. I. 41/2 Brigantines with flat keeles 
to serve for the ebbes. 

5. [?a distinct word.] The Common Bunting, 
Emberiza miliaria. dial, 

1802 G. Montacu Ornith. Dict. (1833) 61. 

+ Ebb, a. Ods. exc. dial. Forms: 5-7 eb, 6-7 
ebbe, 6- ebb. [app. evolved from the attrib. use 
of the sb., as in ¢6b-dide.] 

1. Of water, wells, etc.: Shallow, not deep. 
With of: Having a small supply, short. Also fz. 

¢1425 Wyntoun Cron, 1x. iii. 47 Swlway was at bare 
passyng all Eb. 1523 FirzHers. Suv. xi. 57 The ebber 
the water is, the swyfter it is. c1s8x J. FALKNER in Eng. 
Mech. (1870) 4 Feb. 500/2 The water of Trent [was] dried 
up, and sodenly fallen so ebb. 1637 RutHEerForD Lef¢é, xciv. 
I. 243 O, how ebb a soul have I to take in Christ’s love! 
1665-6 Phil. Trans. 1. 165 When the water is drawn ebb 
from Fishes. 1693 LeicHton Comm. 1 Peter v. 8 This 
Apostle .. drew from too full a spring to be ebb of matter. 
1747 Scheme si at Men of War 23 Their Tide of Learning 
.. 1s always ebb. 

b. ¢ransf. of a furrow ; the sides of a vessel, etc. 

1523 Firzuers. usd. § 33 A meane forowe, not to depe 
nor to ebbe. 1688 R. HotmE Armoury 11. 185/1 A Grey- 
hound [is] Ebb, or Shallow chested .. [when he hath] his 
breast & body all of a thickness. /é7d. 11. 320/1 It is a 
cooling Vessel .. with ebb sides. 1733 P. Linpsay /nterest 
Scott.149 Plowed with an ebb Furrow. 1880 Miss Jackson 
Shropsh. Word-bk., Will this dish do to make the fitchock 
pie in? No; it’s too ebb. 

2. Near the surface ; a. of the sea, b. of the land; 
also as quasi-adv. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 40 A multitude of fishes floted ebbs 
about it. /d¢d. 11.29 Cumin .. hath a qualitie to grow with 
the root very eb, 1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit, § Vowes u. xiii. 
Whether I be drowned in the ebber shore or in the midst 
of the deepe sea, 1679 Piot Staffordsh, (1686) 119 Some- 
times it [marl] lyes so ebb .. that they plow up the head of 
it. 1747 Hooson M/iner’s Dict. M ivb, If Ore be once dis- 
covered, and it lie Ebb and Soft. 1794 Batlif’’s Diary in 
Shropsh. Word-bk., 1am convinced that it is too ebb plow’d, 

Ebb (eb), v. Forms: 1 ebbian, 2-5 ebben, 
5-6 ebbe, 7- ebb. [OEF. eddzan, f. Eps sd.; cf. 
OE. a-ebbian, be-ebbian to strand a ship; also 
OHG. fr-ebbita ‘deferbuerat’, and MHG. (vave—') 
eppen to ebb.] 

1. zz¢7. To flow back or recede, as the water of 
the sea or a tidal river; frequent in phrase, Zo edd 
and flow. Also with away, down, off, out. 

az000 Cxdmon's Gen. (Gr.) 1413 Lago ebbade sweart 
under swegle. c1200 Trin. Coll. Homt. 161 Pe sx flowed 
and ebbed. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 1216 The se, aftir 
the tydes certayn, Ebbes and flowes. 1375 BAarBour Bruce 
xvil. 425 These wes ebbit sa. ¢ 1435 Zorr. Portugal 223 The 
see wase ebbyd. 1588 Suaxs. L.L. L. ww. iii. 216 The sea 
will ebbe and flow. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. vi. 86 
In some narrow seas the sea seauen times a day ebbs and 
flowes. 1721 Perry Daggenh. Breach 121 Ships .. may lie 
afloat, and not have the Water ebb’d away from them. 1835 
Sir J. Ross N.-W. Passage v. 59 The water might ebb 
another fathom. 2855 Maury Phys. Geog. ix. (1860) § 429 
The tides ebbed and flowed in it. 

b. transf. Of a ship: To sink with the tide. 
Of water: To sink lower. Of blood: To flow away. 

1374 CHAUCER Troylus Iv. 1145 Ebben gan the well Of 
hir teares. 1375 BArBour Bruce xvu. 421 Quhill that scho 
[the ship] ebbit on the ground. 1655 Mra. WorcesTER 
Cent. Inv. Wii, The water standing at a level, if a Globe be 
cast in.. it ea Ebbeth. 1810 Scotr Lady of L. m1. 
viii, [He] eyed The life-blood ebb in crimson tide. 

2. fig. To take a backward or downward course ; 
to decay, decline; to fade or waste away. Also 
with away, down, off, out. 

a@x4z0 OccLeve De Reg. Princ. 4828 When that richesses 
ebben and abate. 1566 Drant Horace’s Med. Morall To 
Rdr. 3 Helpyng hym to ebbe, and helpyng hym to rise. 
1633 ‘T. James Voy. 12 After full sea, our hopes ebde too. 
1681 DryvEN Ads. & Achit. 226 Kingly power, thus ebbing 
out. 1713 Younc Last Day 1. 325 My passions ebb and 
flow At Thy command. 1720 De For Cat. Singleton x. 
(1840) 170 As my money declined, their respect would ebb 
with it. 1833 Ht. Martineau Vanderput § S. ix. 137 As 
his strength ebbed away. 1875 B. Taytor Faust I.i.29 My 
spirit’s flood tide ebbeth more and more. _ 

3. trans. a. To hem in (fish) with stakes and 
nets so that they cannot go back to sea with the 
ebb-tide; see Espine vd/, sb. 2. b. To hem in 


(the tide) with sandbanks. _¢. (See quot. 1877.) 

1827 Harpman Waterloo 12 Driving that sand along to- 
wards the sea shore, To ebb the tide fast in. 1877 Holder- 
ness Gloss. (E. D. S.), £06, to gather fish-bait. So termed 
on account of its being done whilst the tide is ebbing. 


Ebbed (ebd), itl a. [f. EpB v.+-Ep.] 


a. That has flowed back. b. That has been 
left dry by the falling tide. 
1858 Hocc Shedley Il. 204 A fresh flood of the ebbed 


waters of a wide sea of troubles. 1859 A. SmitH in Macm, 
Mag. 1, 121, I can wander on the ebbed beach. 


+E-bberman. O/s. Also 6-8 hebberman. 
[f. ebder, agent-noun f, EBB v. (sense 3) + Man.] 
(See quot. 1715.) 

1715 Kersey, Hedderman, one that fishes below Bridge, 
ly at ebbing Water, etc. 1720 Stow's Surv. (ed. 


& Shet. 87 Tringa Variabilis, Meyer. Ebb-sleeper, Dunlin, 
1837 Marryat Dog-Fiend xxix, They were .. swept out of 
the harbour by the strong ebb tide. 1849 Grote Greece 
(1862) V, 11. Ixiii, 448 They began to feel as if the ebb-tide 
had reached its lowest point. 1854 H. MitLer Sch. ¢ 


St 1754) I. 1. vii. 35/x A number of fishermen belonging 
to the.. Thames some stiled..hebbermen. /é7d. IIL. v. 
xxvii. 480/2 No.. Hebberman shall .. fish for smelts, be- 
tween Good Friday and, etc. 1721-go in —s 


EBBING. 


Ebbing (ein), v4/. sb. [f. Esp v. + -1Na!. 

1. The action of flowing back or retiring: of the 
sea or a tidal river; also, of apengs. 

¢ 1000 /Ecrric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker154 Sinus, sx xb x 
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P, R. xix. cxxvii. (1495) 929 E 
byn; p and Sowyng of the see comyth Sod ROO a 
Life St. Katherine (Gibbs MS.) 52 The ebb and 
flowyng of be see. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth m. 
i. (1723) 173 The Ebbing and Flowing .. of certain S 
ar Soman Po te xii. 377 Sea-weed .. left there 
ebbing of the tide: 

b. transf. and fig. ; 

cx200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 177 For swich ebbinge. 1647 J. 
Berkenweap in Beaum. & Fil. Wks. Pref. Verses, Brave 
Shak flow'd, yet had his Ebbings too. 1660 Boyle 
New Exp, Phys.-Mech. xviii. 136 There may be strange 
Ebbings and Flowings ..in the Atmosphere, 1715 Burnet 
Own Time (1766) 11. 141 Popular heats, which have their 
ebbings and flowings. 1863 J. Brown Hore Subs. (ed. 3) 
109 Slow ebbing of life. 

2. Comb., as ebbing-lock, -weir, a lock or 
weir for detaining fish at the ebb-tide. 

1472 Act 12 Edw. IV, vii, Ascuns .. tielx .. milledammez 
estankez de molyns lokkez hebbyngwerez, etc. 1531-2 Act 
23 Hen. VIII, v. §2 Myldammes lokkes hebbynge weres 
heckes and fludgates. 1§39 Will of Samson, Eryth (Somer- 
set Ho.) My Tyde bote.. my Hebbing locke. 16a2 Cattis 
Stat. Sewers (1647) 211 Locks and Hebbing-weres. 1715 
Kersey, Hebbing-wears, nets or devices laid for fish at 
ebbing water. 1721-90 in Baiey. 


Ebbing, #//. a. [f. Epp v.+-Inc?.] That 
ebb: 


y the 


S. 

1530 Hist. ¥acob & 12 Sonnes (Collier) 19 Layed him on the 
fome..But..it was ebbing water. 1820 SHELLEY Prometh. 
Undb.11. ii. 28 Bornedown the rapid sunset’s ebbing sea. 1837 
Marryvat Dog-Fiend xii, They watch’d the ebbing tide. 1845 
Darwin Voy. Nat. xx. (1873) 458 These ebbing wells. 

b. transf. and fs: 

1597 DANIEL Civ. Wars vu. 10 For all this ebbing chance, 
remains The spring that feeds that hope. 1607 WALKING- 
ton Oft. Glass 53 Since after wine the ebbing’st wit doth 
flow. 1610 Suaks. Jem, u. i. 226 Ebbing men ..do so 
neere the bottome run. 1780 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr, Stones 
go Crisoprasius is a stone. .of an ebbing and confused colour. 
1786 Burns Ded. to G. Hamilton xii, When ebbing life nae 
mair shall flow. 1807 Cranpe Par. Reg. 1.295 My ebbing 
purse, no more the foe shall fill. 1840 é S. Faser Regen. 
263 Mr. Newton’s ebbing and flowing religious impressions. 
1866 G. MacponaLp Ann, Q. Neight. xxi. (1878) 388 These 
tide-marks indicated ebbing strength. 

+ E-bble. Ods. or dial. Also 5 awbel, ebel(le. 
[app. a var. of ABELE, though the form is not easy 
to explain.] The Aspen (Populus tremula); 
perhaps also the White nia po! (Populus alba). 

c 1440 Promp. Parv. 17/2 Awbel or ebelle tre [X, P, ebeltre]. 
1830 Forsy £,-Angl. Glossary, Ebb/e, the asp tree .. popu- 
lus tremula. 

Ebbless (e’blés), a. [f. Esp sb.+-1Ess.] Not 
liable to, or susceptible of, an ebb. 

1827 Lytron Falkland 217 An ebbless and frozen sub- 
stance. a 1849 J. C. MANGAN Poems (1859) 405 One ebbless 
flood of many Waves. 


E-bbness. és. or dia/. 
Shallowness. 


1637 Rutuerrorp Lett. clxxv. I. 413 Their ebbness could 
never take up His depth. 

+ E‘bby, 2. Ods. [f. Epp sb. +-y.] Having an 
ebb or receding direction. 

1645 Dicsy Nat. Bodies xxxv. (1658) 371 The current .. 
can make a contrary ebby water in the sam channell. 


Ebdomade, -ary, obs. ff. HEBDOMAD, -ARY. 

Eben (e, obs. form of Enon. 

Ebe‘neous. [f. L. edene-us + -ous.] Of the 
nature of ebony. In mod. Dicts. 

Ebenezer (ebéniza1). [Heb. v7 jan eden 
ha- Sézer ‘ the stone of help’: see 1 Sam. vii. 12.] 

1. The name of the memorial stone set up by 
Samuel after the victory of Mizpeh: see 1 Sam, 
vii. 12, Used appellatively in religious literature 
in fig. phrases, alluding to the sentiment ‘ Hitherto 
hath the Lord helped us’, associated with the 
origin of the name. 

1758 R. Rosinson 1; » ‘Come Thou fount’, Here 1 
raise my Ebenezer, Hither by Thy help I’m come. 

2. Occasionally (like Bethel, , Zion, etc.) 
adopted by Methodists, Baptists, Independents, 
etc. as the name of a particular chapel or meeting- 
house. Hence used contemptuously as a synonym 
for ‘dissenting chapel ’. 

ry Sat. Rev. U1. 318 Such low resorts as public-houses 
and Ebenezers. 


+E‘ber, az. Ods. Also 1-2 &bére, &bére, 3 
ebare, ebure, 4 ebber, [OE. #éére, (? édere), 
of obscure origin ; =OFris. aver, dudber, used as a 
law term in same sense.] 

1. Manifest, unconcealed. The phrase edere 
morp (open murder) is retained in the Latin Laws 
of Henry I, and is quoted by the legal antiquaries 
of 17th c. as a technical term; see also ABERE. 
eae 4 absol. ? =‘ manifest fool’ or ‘ vil- 

in’, 

a Laws of E. 1. vii, Se ae" ws 
of Soe Sectlar ag a ey pd ane & yoda 4 
and axbere -.is botleas. ¢ 1200 Ormin 7189 All pe33re 


wbzre unnpankness. c 120g Lay. 2271 Saie me pu ebure 
[27g ebare] sot. a@1300 Cursor M. he He wald lere vs 


[f. EBB a. + -NESS.] 


26 


her vr lai, ebber pat in sine was . Tbid. r 
‘Ful eber thuert [read thu ert] nai’ coth he. ¢ 1340 
13041 (Trin.) She pat was an ebber [G. obber] fol. 

ence + E’berly adv., manife 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 8680 Pou lies... Ful e' 
+ Ebivbe, a. Obs. rare—'. [ad, L. abibdre, f. 2 
out + d%b-ére to drink.] ‘rans. To drink to the 
dregs, swallow completely. In quot. fig. 

1689 Afol. Fail. Walker's Acc. 13 Having long before 
ebib’d the Doctrine of Passive Obedience. 

Ebionite (7bidnoit). [ad. L. ebzonita, f. Heb. 
Ke ebyon poor; see -ITE. The original signi- 

cation is prob. ‘ one who is poor in spirit ’.] 

One of a body of Christians in the Ist c., who 
held that Jesus was a mere man, and that the 
Mosaic Law was binding upon Christians. In the 
and c. they became a distinct sect. Also attrib. 


1650 GeLt Servm. 11 Ebionites, who denied the Deitie of 
Christ. 1879 Farrar St. Paul II. 103 Ebionite hatred 


[was] still ern 3 inst St. Paul in the second century. 
1882 — Early Chr. II. 343. 


Hence E:bioni'tic a., pertaining to the Ebionites, 
or their doctrines ; E*bioni:tism = EBIONISM. 

1833 G. S. Eaner Recapitulated Apostasy 18 The early 
Gnostic and Ebionitic Heresies. 1882 Scuarr Relig. Encyct. 
106 It... shows traces of Ebionitic origin. 1 FARRAR 
Early Chr. 11. 44 The so-called Ebionitism of St. James. 

Ebionize (fbidnaiz), v. [f. EBlon-1TE + -12E ; 
see -IZE.] ztr. To adopt or imitate the doctrines 
or practices of the Ebionites. Hence E-bion- 
izing ff/. a. So also EB-bionism, the tenets of 
the Ebionites; tendency towards the tenets or 
practices of the Ebionites. 

1879 Farrar St. Paul Il. 168 The liberal Gentiles far 
more than the Ebionising Jews. /éid. 173 The Ebionism 
of this section of the Churc 1880 Cuampers Excyci. s.v. 
Ebionites, Essenism modified Ebionism greatly. 

Ebland, var. of IsLanp, ods. among. 

+ E-blandish, v. Ods. rare—°. [as if f. F. 
*blandiss-, lengthened form of *éblandir:—L. 
éblandiri to obtain by coaxing.] (See quot.) 

1623 CockEeraM u1, To get by Flattery..Zd/andish. 

+ Ebla-ze, ebla‘zon, v. Oés. rare. [f. E-3 
(after words of Lat. etymology) + BriazE, BLAzon 
v.] intr. To shine forth in bright colours. 

1610 G. Fietcuer Christ's Tri. ii, Th’engladded Spring 
.. Began to eblazon from her leauie bed. — Christ's Vict. 
in Farr’s S. P. (3848) 61 There pinks eblazed wide, And 
damaskt all the earth. ae 

Eboe (i:bo). A name applied in the W. Indies 
to the negroes from Benin. ? Hence attrib, Eboe- 
tree (Dipteryx eboensis), a tree of Central 
America, yielding Eboe oil, a name also given 
to the oil of a different tree; see quot. 

1834 M. Lewis Yrn/. W. Ind. 126 Immediately after the 
christening the Eboe drums were produced. /éid. 190 The 
mortification of the Eboes. 1866 7veas. Bot, 476 Aleurites 
triloba [candleberry-tree] yields eboe oil. 

Ebolition, obs. var. EBULLITION. 

Ebon (e’ban), s+. anda. Forms: (4 ebenus), 
5~7 eban(e, heban, 6-7 eben(e, heben(e, ebone, 
(9 arch, heben), 6-ebon. Some ofthe forms in -e 
may belong to Exsony. [ad. L. hebenus, ebenus, 
ad. Gr. €Bevos, perh. of oriental origin: the Heb. 
onan hobnim (Ezek. xxvii. 15) is supposed to be 
the same word. In med.L. (A)edanus, whence 
some of the Eng. forms; cf, It., Sp., Pg. ebano.] 

A. sé 


~ 5d 

1. A hard black wood, the product of a tree 
belonging to the N.O. Zéenacex, mentioned in very 
early times as an article of import from the East ; 
=Exsony. Now only foet. 

[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P, R. xvu. lii. (1495) 633 Ebenus 
is a tree growynge in Ethiopia wyth blacke coloure.] ¢1440 
Promp. Parv. 135 Eban, tre, ebanus. 1558 Warps tr. 
Alexis’ Secr. 96a, It is very good. .also to make tables and 
coffers of .. Hebene. 1580 Hottysann 7 reas. Fr. Tong, 
De f Hebene, a wood called Heben, 1627 May Lucan x. 
139 Pillars there Not covered with ian Eben were, 
1697 Drypen Virgil (1806) 1. 207 India ebon and white 
iv'ry yrron Lucretia (1853) 301 Dark as ebon, 
spreads the one wing. A 

+2. The tree itself, Diospyros Ebenus, a native 
of Ceylon, Madagascar, and the Mauritius. Ods. 

1 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 284 Wodde of Heben. 

160r HoLianp Pliny I. 148 Great woods of Ebene. .alwaies 

greene. 1623 Cockeram 111, done, a blacke tree, bearing 

not leafes nor fruit, being burnt, it yeelds a sweet smell. 
B. attrib. and adj. (chiefly poet. or rhet.) 

1, simple attrid. 

@ 1599 Spenser Ruines of Time Wks. (1678) 139 A curious 
Coffer made of Heben wood. 1613 Purcnas Pier. I. vu. 
xi. 595 They found excellent Eben Trees. 1813 Scorr 
Trierm. ui. xiii, A weighty curtal-axe .. the tough shaft of 
heben wood. A ‘ 

2. attrib. or quasi-adj. Consisting or made of 
ebony ; often Ag. for ‘ black, dark’. 

1592 Suaks. Ven. & ae ig Deaths ebon dart. 
Fretcuer Pisc, Eci. vu. xvii, Her tae Nr black, 


1633 P. 
e to 


mare fell. 1863 Loncr. Wayside Inn, and Day, 7 
ree 
. adj. e colourofe H A 
EyYwoop Fair M. of Exshange i. Wks. i874 IL 
As blind as Ebon ni 1632 Mitton L’Adlegro 5 There 
under ebon shades..In dark Ci ian desert ever dwell, 
1703 Pomrret Poet. Wks. (1833) 116 Night.. } 
ebon curtains round. Coreripce Sibyl. Leaves 11. 
Deep in the air and dark, substantial, black, An ebon mass, 
1843 Prescorr Me-rico ut, vi. (1864) 168 The image of the 
mystic deity. .with ebon features, 
4 4. Erroneously used for ‘ ivory’. 
1593 G. Fretrcuer Licia Sonn. xxix. al 109 Her Ebon 
Ibid. xxxix. (1872) 109 Those Ebon hands. 
>. ‘omb, a, similative, as ebon-black, -coloured; 
b. instrumental and parasynthetic, as ebon-faced, 
-masted, -sceptred, —— etc. 
1592 Greene Poems 85 How poh, me Phillis was 
.. When fro th’ arches *ebon-black as a lightning. 


geesean L.L.L.1.i. 246 The *ebon coloured Inke. 1835-6 
e 


ath Earl 


coloured fluid. Di 
Huntington u.i.in Hazl. eae VIII. 256 Pitch-colour'’d, 
1845 ‘Hust Poems 66 


1745 T. Warton P. 


e 


Hence E-bonine a., , som! 

188: Patcrave Visions of Eng. 292 Through that ebonine 
gate of doom The thrice five thousand are flown. 

Ebonist (e'bénist). [f. Eson-y+-1st. Cf. F. 
ébéniste.| A worker or dealer in ebony or other 
ornamental woods. 

1706 Pritutps, Zbonist, one that works or deals in Ebony. 
1721-1800 in Baicey. 1871 Atheneum 24 June 783 A great 
hubbub ofglaziers, carpenters, ebonists, iron and ‘dle workers, 

Ebonite (e"bonait). [f. Eson-y +-1re.] A hard 
compound of india-rubber and sulphur, united by 
the action of heat. Another name for it is VuL- 
cANITE. Also attrib. 

1861 Chem, News Oct. 221 The material known as hard 
india rubber, vulcanite,..or in its most perfect condition as 
ebonite. 1879 in Cassel’s Techn. Educ. IV. 288/1 Hard or 
horny caoutchouc, such as will came under the designation 


of ebonite, 

Ebonize (e'binsiz), v. [f. Epon-y + -1zz.] 
trans. To make (furniture, etc.) look like ebony. 

Hence E:bonized //. a. 

1880 Daily Tel. 27 Oct., Since black and gold is so fashion- 
able in furniture, he might be bly ebonised and gilded. 
1879 Miss Brappon Ficus Til. 313 Ebonised chairs. 

Ebony (e"boni). Forms: 4 hebenyf, 6 he- 
beny, ebonie, (7 ebany, ebeny, ibony), 7- 
ebony. [Of somewhat obscure formation: ME. 
hebenyf is app. ad. L. hebeninus (? misread as 
hebentuus), ad. Gr. tBévwos made of ebony, f. 
hebenus ebony. Cf. Eson. 

1. a. A hard black wood, obtained from various 
species of the N.O. Zbenacex, especially that men- 
tioned under Epon 2, and Diospyros Me lon, 
a native of Coromandel. b. The wood of Arya 
Ebenus (quot. 1725), a native of Jamaica. 

1382 Wycir Ezek. xxvii. 15 Teeth of .. hebenyf [Vulg. 
dentes hebeniros), that is a tree that after that it is kit 
waxith hard as a stoon. 1§73 Art Limning 9 The saide 
vernishe maketh tables .. pg . hebeny to glister. 1597 
Greene Poems (1861) 312 In a coach of ebony she went, 


1608 Norpen Surv. Dial., | saw made of an Oke.. 
blacke as Ibony. 1682 WHELer Journ. Greece vi. Here 
rows some Ebany. a@1748 Tuomson Sickness 1. (R.) Afflic- 


tion, hail !. .open wide thy gates, Th — ofebony. 1816 

. Smitu Panorama Sci, & Art I. , ard woods, such as 

x, lignum-vite, or =. 1837 Wuewett Hist. Induct. 
Se. (x857) IL. 50 A ball of ebony sinks in the water. ‘oe 
Bosw. Smitn Carthage 434 Real downright f- 
naked, black as ebony. 

2. One of the trees above-mentioned. 

1810 Charac. in Ann. Reg. 614/2 There are entire woods 
of cedars and ebonies. 1859 Tennent Ceylon II. 1x. v. 494 
Ebony is the most important of the trees which they are 
the habit of felling. 

3. attrib. 
ni ee Thee as tein! gold a 

5 carry into mn 
G. Hersert Temple, Even: » Thus in oe 
Thou dost inclose us. 168 R Knox Hist. Ceylon 86 beny 

tels about four foot long. 1756-7 tr. 
1760) I, 378 A large nasso, or ebony-tree, whi 
sembles the fir-tree, 1861 Du Cuaittu at. Afr. xvi. 277 


Q and I .. started up river for the ebony country. 
4. As the type of intense blackness, Son of 


ebony: humorously = negro. Also aétrid., as in 


ebony complexion, skin, etc. 
1834 Mrs. Somervitte Connex. Phys. Sc. xxvii. (1849) 
The different tribes of mankind, the ebony ski 


. age 39 
race of sa’ +. the ebon: of the Soudan. — 
fT ement. [F. ¢ , f. dbouler to 
crumble (said of earthworks). 
1. Fortification, The crumbli 
wall of a fortification. " i. 
2. Geology. A sudden rock-fall and earthslip in 
a mountainous region. : 
Ebracteate, -ated (ébroekté¢t, -eted). Bot. 
ad. mod.L. ébracteatus, f. & out of + bractea 
CT; see -ATE, -ED.] Destitute of bracts. 


— 


EBRACTEOLATE. 
1830 Linney Wat. Syst. Bot. 167 Apetalous dicotyledons, 


with .. herbaceous ebracteate calyxes. 1 Benttey Bot, 
18x When bracts are absent altogether, such plants are said 
to be ebracteated. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 621 The ebrac- 
teate flowers stand on the rachis of the inflorescence. 

Ebra‘cteolate, a. Zot. [ad. mod.L. ebrac- 
teolatus; cf. prec. and BracreoLate.] Not fur- 
nished with bracteoles. 

1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 201 Receptacle ebracteolate. 

raick, Ebrew: see Hrepraic, HEBREW. 

1721-1800 in Baitey, Lbraick. 

+ Ebra‘ngle, v. Ods. rave—. [ad. F. éranler, 
after BRANGLE.] ¢vans. To shake violently. 

@ 1693 Urqunart Radelais 11. xxxii. (1708) 452 Their whole 


body is shaken and ebrangled. 

Ebriate (tbri,ét), a. humorous. [ad. L. zriat- 
us, pa. pple. of zriazre to make drunk.] Intoxi- 
cated ; fig. Hence E-briating //. a., intoxicating. 

a Blackw. Mag. LX. 704 Acme .. Kissed her sweet 
atk’s ebriate eyes. 1872 M. Cottins Plunges for Pearl 


II. vii. 120 He... solaced himself with something ebriat- 


ing. . : 

+Evbrieta‘ting, 2//. a. Ods. rare—'. [f. 
*ebrietate vb. (f. EBRIETY + -ATE; cf. sapacttate, 
habilitate, etc.) + -1ING2.] Intoxicating. 

» 1711 Brit. Apollo 1V. No. 18. 2/1 ‘Things .. of an ebrie- 
tating Quality. ies ; 

Ebriety (#broiéti). [ad. F. ébrid¢é, f. L. ebrietat- 
em, £. ébrius drunk.] 

1. The state or habit of being intoxicated, drunken- 
ness. ‘Also Z/. instances of intoxication. 

1582 V. 7. (Rhem.) Gad. v.21 The workes of the flesh .. 
are, fornication .. ebrieties, commessations, and such like. 
1614 T. Apams Devil's Bang. 42 The Satietie of Epicurisme, 
the gallantnesse of Ebrietie. 1670 Maynwarinc Vita Sana 
vi 73 Ebriety may properly be said to be a Disease or 
sickness. 1758 Monthly Rev, 185 Some under the most 
extreme exigencies of poverty, will indulge inebriety. 1785 
W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. 11. 144 His father’s unconquer- 
able ebriety. 1859 JerHson Brittany xvi. 273 Our guide 
to the garrulity of age added that of partial ebriety. 

2. fig. Excitement, an excited condition. 

1751 JoHNsoN Rami. No. 167 ® 6, The ebriety of constant 


amusement. 

|| Ebrillade. [Fr.] andge. A check of the 
bridle which the horseman gives to the horse, by 
a jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn. 

1753 CHAMBERS Cycl. Supp. 1755 JoHNSoN; and mod. Dicts. 

briose (zbri,dus), a. humorous. [ad. L. ébri- 
dsus.) Drunk. 

1871 Atlantic Monthly Jan., A... cabman ‘copiously 
ebriose’. a 1882 J. Brown Yokn Leech in Hore Subs. Ser. 
ul. (1882) 17 Returning home .. copiously ebriose from 
E te =. : . . * 

briosity (Zbrijg'siti). rave. [ad. F. ebriositd, 
L. éridsitat-em, f. ébridsus habitually drunk.] 

a. Habitual intoxication. b. Exhilaration ; 
physical excitement. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 270 Will neither acquit 
ebriosity nor ebriety, in their known and intended perver- 
sions. 1859 THorEAu Wadden xi. 237 Of all ebriosity, who 
does not prefer to be intoxicated by the air he breathes. 

Ebrious (Zbrias), a. [f. L. 2ri-ws + -ous.] 

a. Addicted to drink; tipsy. b. Characteristic 
of the intoxicated state. Hence E*briously adv. 

1569 Newton Cicero’s Old Age 33 Not ebriously swilled 
but moderatlye tasted. 1630 Prynne Anti-Armin, 268 The 
second was but adissolute, ebrious, prophane, luxurious Eng- 
lish-Dutchman. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Ebrious, drunken, 
or that causeth drunkenness. 1858 Cassell’s Art Treas. 
Exhib. 412 Those young sots with the ebrious faces. 

+ Ebri . Obs. rare—'. [irreg. f. Zbr-ew 
HEBREW, to match Grecéan.] A Hebraist. 

169r Woop Ath, Oxon. I. 97 He was a very good Grecian 
and Ebritian. 

+ Ebryson, a. Obs. rare—'. [prob. corrupted 
form of late Gr. éB8pufov (xpvaiov) pure gold, 
Cf. Chambers Cyc. Supp. (1753), ‘Zbrizius color, 
a term used by some of the old writers to express 
a very fine yellow’.] 

c 1485 Disty Myst. (1882) 1. 14 Of Ierico the sote rose 
ffloure, Gold Ebryson callid in pictur. 

+Ebu‘ccinate, v. Oss. [f. E-+Bucorate.] 
trans. To trumpet forth. Hence Ebu‘ccinator. 

1541 Brecon News out of Heav. Wks. (1843) 8 The ebuc- 
cinator, shewer, and declarer of these news, 1 have made 
Gabriel. 1588 Newron in Farr’s S. P. (1845) IL. 553 Th 
troupes seraphicall .. Ebuccinate Gods power. tr. 
Horace 2 Odes xix, He fill’d with Bacchus power assayes To 
ebuccinate his fame and praise. 

+ Evbull. Ods. vare—'. [ad. L. ebulus.] The 
Dwarf Elder (Sambucus Ebulus). 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. 1x. (1495) 636 Ebulus 
is a wede moost lyke to Elerne tree bothe in leuys and in 
stalkys. 1589 FLeminc Virg. Eclog. x. 23 Pan..we saw 
{colourd] red With bloudie berries of ebull tree. 

+E-bullate, v. Ods. rare. Also 8 ebulate. 
[f. late L. edudiare, var. of ebullire; see -aTE.] 
intr. To boil, be in a state of ebullition. 

1623 CockeraM 1, To Boyle, Elixate, Ebullate. 1656 
Biount Glossogr., Ebullate, to bubble or burst out. 1738 
(G. Smit] Cur. Relations II. 195 Continually boiling and 
ebulating over a great Fire. 

Ebwilliate. rare. [badly f. L. ebullire; see 
next and -aTE3.] /fvans. and intr. To boil; to 
bubble out. 

1g99 A. M. tr. Gadelhouer's Bk. Physicke 38/2 The vineger 


27 


wherin the pepper was ebulliated. 1633 Prynnr H7strio- 
M., 1. vi. iii. (R.) Whence this 29. play oppugning argu- 
ment will ebulliate. 1710 Brit. Afollo 111. 77 The Blood 
.-ebulliates. 1853 LANpor Ws, (1868) II. 259 A heart too 
contracted. .to let what it holds ebulliate very freely. 

Ebullience (¢br'liéns). [f. L. eudlient-em, 
pr. pple. of ébu/lire, f. 2 out + bullire to Born. See 
-ENCE.] An issuing forth in agitation, like boiling 
water; overflow ; enthusiasm, extravagance. 

1749 Fietpinc Jom Yones Wks. 1775 II. 170 The extra- 
vagance, or rather ebullience of his passion. 1825 CarLyLe 
Schiller ui. (1845) 79 The ebullience of youth is now chastened 
into the stedfast energy of manhood. 1885 SwinsuRNE in 
art Cent. Jan. 67 The danger of an overflow into gushing 
e ullience. 

Ebulliency (bz 'liénsi). [f. prec. + -y.] 

1. The quality of being ebullient: readiness to 
boil or bubble forth or overflow. @¢. and jig. 

1676 R. Dixon Two Test. 228 Mistaking .. the ebulliency 
of their Fancies.. for a supernatural Inspiration. 1817 
CorerincE Biog. Lit. 68 The simple, whom .. an original 
ebulliency of spirit, had urged to the investigation of the 
ground of allthings. 1885 A ¢henwunt 19 Sept. 379/2 Neville 
acts with his customary ebulliency and manliness. 

2. ~/. = EBULLITION 4. 

1667 H. More Div. Dial. i. § 12 (1713) 24 In the .. fer- 
ments and ebulliencies of the Spirits of Men in this 


Age. 

Ebullient (¢bo'liént). [ad. L. eudlient-em, 
pr. pple. of dudlire ; see prec.] 

1. That boils; boiling ; agitated, as if boiling. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gadelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 4/1 Let this 
bottle remayne one hower in hot ebullient water. 1814 Cary 
Dante (1871) 304 Every cirque Ebullient shot forth scin- 
tillating fires. 1842 G. P. Scrore Volcanos 14 Lava in a 
liquid and ebullient state. 

2. a. Of the humours of the body: Agitated, hot, 
effervescent. b. Of drugs and diseases: Causing 
heat and agitation. 

1620 VENNER Via Recta iv. 79 The same is of an hot and 
ebullient nature, 67d. (1650) 161 ‘They engender ebullient 
humors. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Contpit. v1. 226 The body is 
affected..as if some part were put in boiling water, where- 
fore some have called this the Ebullient Ague. 1727 Swirr 
Gulliver 1. vi. 216 Great counsels are often troubled with 
--ebullient.. humours. 1742 Younc Vt.74, vu. 1320 They 
scarce can swallow their ebullient spleen. c 

3. fig. Of energy, feelings, influences: Gushing 
forth like boiling water; bubbling over, overflow- 
ing, enthusiastic. Constr. wth. 

1664 H. More Myst. /nig. vii. 126 That fountain of life 
which ought to be ebullient in every Regenerate Christian. 
1828 SoutHey Zss. (1832) I. 352 The general and ebullient 
feeling with which all Britain overflowed imposed silence 
upon the lying lips. 1844 Blackw. Mag. LVI. 532 His 
commentaries on the past are ebullient with subtlety. 1876 
G. P. Laturop in V. Amer. Rev. CX XIII. 429 The ebul- 
lient undulating prose style of the poet. 

Hence Ebw'liiently adv. 

1887 Punch 10 Sept. 110 Ebulliently sentimental novelist. 

Ebullioscope (‘bv'lio;skéup). [mod. f. in Fr. ; 
hybrid formation on L. éud/lire + Gr. -oxomos an 
observer.] (See quot.) 

1880 Chambers’ Cycl., Ebullioscofe, an instrument for 
ascertaining the strength of distilled liquors by observing 
the boiling point and the atmospheric pressure. 1882 Nature 
No. 636. 236 [M. Malligand’s] ebullioscope.. which the 
French Syndical Chambers adopted in 1878. 

Ebullition (ebzli:fan). Forms: 6 ebully- 
cion, ebulicion, -ition, 6-7 ebolition, 7 ebul- 
liction, 7-ebullition. [ad. L. éudlition-em, f. 
ébullire (see prec.), whence OF. ebullicion, Sp. 
ebulicion, It. ebullizione, ebollizione. The earlier 
Eng. forms are prob. from Fr.] 

1. The process of boiling, or keeping a liquid at 

P g ping q 
the boiling point by the application of heat; the 
state of bubbling agitation into which a liquid is 
thrown by being heated to the boiling point. In 
first quot. perh. (etymologically) the process of 
extracting by boiling. 

1594 PLat Fewell-ho. 11. 16 When you haue gotten out by 
ebulition the full strength & vertue. a@ 168x tr. Willis’ Rem. 
Med. Wks, (1681) Voc., Ebullition, a boiling up. 1791 
Hamitton Berthollet’s Dyeing I. 1. 1. v.76 Galls are almost 
totally soluble in water by long ebullition. 1792 PAi7. Trans. 
LXXXII. 403 Ebullition is that state of a Bequid in which 
steam is continually formed within itself. 183r Brewster 
Nat. Magic xii. (1833) 302 Fluids of easy ebullition. 1842 
G. P. Scrorz Volcanos (1862) 30 This body of lava is evi- 
dently at such times in igneous ebullition. 

+b. Pathol. A state of agitation in the blood 
or ‘humours’ due to heat; formerly supposed to 
be the cause of the action of the heart, and when 
morbid to give rise to febrile and inflammatory 
disorders. Ods. 

1547 Boorpr Brev. Health \xxiii. 21 b, It maye come of.. 
ebullycion of the lyver. 1623 Hart Arvaignm. Ur. ii. 7 The 
ebullition or concoction of blood. 1647 Litty Chr. Astrod, 
xliv. 263 [Mars] being the cause of a Feaver .. shewes ebo- 
lition or a boyling of the humours. 1710 T. Futter Pharm, 
Extemp, 20 Scorbutick Ale .. restraineth the Ebullition .. 
of the Vapourous Blood. 1753 CuampBers Cycl. Sufp., 
Ebullition of the Blood .. in medicine a term used by some 
of the old writers. a 

2. transf. A state of agitation in a liquid re- 
sembling that produced by boiling heat; rapid 
formation of bubbles, effervescence. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 197 Copper, which is dis- 


ECARTE. 


solved with lesse ebullition. 1686 W. Harris Lemery’s Course 
Chym. 11. xxi. 602 The ebullition which happens between 
acid and alkali. 1727 BrapLey Fam, Dict. I. s.v. Euphor- 
dium, Spirit of Nitre and that of Vitriol, penetrate the same, 
without Ebullition, 1822 Imison Sc. & Art II. 109 Muri- 
atic acid does not act upon copper except in a state of 
ebullition. 

3. The action of rushing forth in a state of 
agitation or boiling ; said of water, and ¢vansf. of 
fire, lava, etc. (In quot. 1599 humorously of 
tobacco-smoke.) 

_1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out Hum. uu. iii. 44 The prac- 
tice of the Cuban ebolition, Euripus, and Whiffe. 1660 
Stantey //ist. Philos. (1701) 166 ‘The fiery ebullitions of 
fEtna, 1683 Pettus Feta Min. 11. s.v. Boyling, This ebo- 
lition or plawing [of a spring]. 1692 Ray Discourses u. 
v. (1732) 269 The Ebullition and Volutation of the melted 
Materials. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 1. 381 The 
ebullitions of this Spring are very remarkable. 1830 Lyett 
Princ. Geol. (1875) 1. 1. xix. 448 A great ebullition of gas 
took place. 1860 TyNnpALL Glac. u. xxiv. 356 Ebullition is 
converted into explosion. oa : 

4. fig. A sudden outburst or boiling or bubbling 
over: @. of war or civil commotion. 

1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) B viij, The 
ebulicion and mouyng of cyuyll warres. 1665 MAnLey 
Grotius’ Low-C, Warrs 11 The Law, which kept under 
the violent ebullitions of their power. 1878 W. F. Napier 
Penins. War I. 31 After the first ebullition at Manresa, the 
insurrection of Catalonia lingered awhile. _ 

b. of passion ; also, of fancy, sentiment, etc. 

1638 SANDERSON Sevm. II. 109 The ebullitions of those 
lusts that war in our members. 1655 H. VauGHan Silex 
Scint. 1. (1858) Pref. 9 The obvious ebullitions of that light 
humour which takes the pen in hand .. to be seen in print. 
1758 Jounson /dler No. 79 ® 5 Such faults may be said 
to be ebullitions of genius. 1796 Morse A mer. Geog. 1. 339 
These ebullitions of jealousy. 1816 J. Scorr Vis. Parts 
App. 293 A slight ebullition of French flattery. 1841 
D'Israett Amen, Lit, (1867) 325 A revolutionary reform 
breaks out with an ebullition of popular feelings. 

Hence Ebullittionary a., of the nature of an 
ebullition. 

1830 Brack in /vaser’s Mag. 1. 287 The saline particles 
have been added to the ebullitionary agitation. 

+E-bulum, Oés. [a. L. ebulum the dwarf 
elder-tree.] A name for elderberry wine. 

1713 Lond. & Country Brew. m1. (1743) 195 Make a white 
Ebulum with pale Malt and white Elder-berries. 1750 E. 
Situ Compl. Housewife 245 ‘To make Ebulum. 

Ebure, obs. form of Ivory. 

+ Eburgese. Os. rave—'. Some silken stuff. 

1558 W7lls & Inv. N. C. I. (1835) 182 One other teaster of 
yellowe and blewe satten eburgese. 

Eburin (7‘bitirin). [f. L. edur ivory + -1N.] 
‘A substance obtained by subjecting a mixture of 
ivory or bone dust with albumen or ox blood to 
great pressure at a high temperature. It is very 
hard, and is a non-conductor of electricity’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). 

Eburnation (‘byiméi‘fon). Pathol. [f. L. 
eburnus made of ivory + -ATION.] ‘The act or 
process of becoming hard and dense like ivory’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). So also Eburnated ///. a. 

1840 Liston Surgery 83 Eburnation of the surfaces of the 
Bones. 1861 BumsteAp Ven. Dis. (1879) 616 This tendency 
to eburnation and thickening of the osseous tissue is not 
confined to the part first affected. 1870 Homes Surgery 
(ed. 2) III. 712 A fractured rachitic ‘eburnated’ bone. 

Eburnean, -ian (/bim/an), a. [f. L. eburne- 
us made of ivory+-(1)AN.] Made of or resem- 
bling ivory. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Eburnean, of Ivory, or white like 
Ivory. 1721-1800 in Baitey, 1866 J. Rose Virg. Ecl. § 
Georg. 97 Of Pelops and far-famed eburnian limb. 

Eburneoid (‘bz-1nzjoid), a. [f. as prec. +-o1D.] 
Showing a resemblance to ivory. 

1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 705/2 Parts of bone acquire 
that degree of hardness, which has been termed eburneoid 
induration. | 

Ebwrnifica‘tion. vave. =Epurnation. 

1878 Bartwey tr. 7opfinard's Anthrop. iv..135 Another 
{characteristic] drawn from the eburnification .. of the 
teeth. 

Eburnine (tbi-nain), a. rave—'. [f. L. eburn- 
us+-INE.] Ivory-like, ivory-coloured. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. XII. 669 Arms and bosom eburnine. 

Ecalcarate (‘ke lkareit), a. Bot. [f. E-3+L. 
calcar spur +-ATE.] Without a spur. 

1819 Pantologia, Ecalcarate, in botany, a corol, without 
any spur, or spur-shaped nectary. As in Wolfenia. 1866 
in Treas. Bot. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Ecardine (‘ka‘idoin). [f. E-3+L. cardin-em 
hinge.] A mollusc whose shell has no hinge. 

1878 Bet Gegendauer’s Comp. Anat. 308 In the Ecar- 
dines the two valves. .have pretty much the same form. 

| Ecarté (ckarte). [F. écarté, écarter to discard, 
to throw out cards.] A game of cards for two per- 
sons, in playing which the cards from 2 to 6 are 
excluded. One feature is that a player may ask 
leave to discard, or throw out certain cards from 
his hand, and replace them with fresh ones from 
the pack. Also attrib. ' 

1824 (¢it/e) A Treatise on the Game of Ecarté, as played 
in the first circles of London and Paris. _— THACKERAY 
Van. Fair xxv, She watched over him kindly at Ecarté of 
anight. 1848 W. H. Kexty tr. Z. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y.1. 

4-2 


ECARTELE. 
355 M. Cavaignac threw on an écarté-table in the Louvre 
a_packet of cartridges. 1878 ‘Cavenpisu’ [Hy. Jones] 
a 21 The game of écarté in some of its leo pe | 
namely the discard (from which its name is derived) and 
the a for the king, is of modern origin. 

|| Ecartelé, a. [F. cartelé, pa. pple. of écar- 
teler to divide into quarters.] Her. Of a shield: 
Divided into quarters by an horizontal and a ver- 
tical line ‘ quarterly’. eiley:) 

Boar in Bamey. 1775 in As 

carinate (‘kz int), a, Bot, [f. E-3 +L. 
carina keel+-aTE.] That has no carina. 

+ Ecarts. Obs. rare—. 

1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 383 A List of Merchandizes coming 
from the Levant. . Buff called Ecarts. 

+ Eca: sterly, adv, Obs.—° [f. L. ecastor ‘by 
Castor’ +-Ly*.] (See quot.) 

1623 CockeraM 1, By my Faith, ecasterly. 

Ecaudate (zk: dit), a. [ad. mod. cn &caudat-us, 
f. Z (see E-3) +L. ety tail: see -ATE.] 

1. Zool. That has no tail, or a very short one. 

1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 4/1 Animals . Power 
their form to caudate or ecaudate at pleasure. 1 
Crark Van der Hoeven's Zool. 1. 52 Astusice. Body not 
loricated, caudate or ecaudate, form mutable. : 

2. Bot. § Spikeless, without a stem’ (Paxton, 
Bot. Dict. 1840). 

|| E-chasis. [Gr. é«Baots, f. stem of éxBaivew to 
go out, digress.] See quot. (Craig’s explanation, 
copied in later Dicts., appears to be merely a 
guess. In sense ‘digression’ the word appears in 
late Lat.) 

1706 Puitiirs, Ecéasis, a going out, an Event; also a 
Rhetorical Figure call’d Digression. 1847 Craic, Ecbasis, 
in Rhetoric, a figure in which the orator treats of things 
according to their events or consequences. 

Ecbatic (ekbe'tik), a Gram. [ad. Gr. é«Ba- 
7ixés, implied in the adv. éxBarix@s, used by late 
grammarians ; f. é«Baivey to result, issue; cf. éx- 
Baots aresult, consequence.] Of a clause or acon- 
junction; Denoting a mere result or consequence, 
as distinguished from a purpose or intention. 

1836 E. Rosinson Greek Lex. N. T. (1869) 376 [The use 
of iva is sometimes] ecbatic. 1866 E. Masson tr. Winer’s 
Gram. N. T. (ed. 6) 479 Others..are for admitting the 
ecbatic import of iva. 

|| Ecblastesis (ekblesti-sis). Sof. [mod.L., 
a. Gr. &«BAdornots ‘shooting or budding forth’ 
(Liddell and Scott).] (See quot.) 

1866 Treas. Bot., Ecblastesis, the production of buds 
within flowers, in consequence of monstrous developement, 


or in inflorescences. 

|| Ecbole (ekbélz). [mod.L., a. Gr. &xBoan, f. 
é«BadA-e to throw out.] 

1. Rhet. A digression, in which a person is in- 
troduced speaking his own words. (Webster.) 

1753 Cuamsers Cycl. Supp., Ecbole in rhetoric is used for 
a digression, 

In ancient Music: see quot. 

1819 Pantologia, Ecbole, a..change in the enharmonic 
genus, by the accidental cere of a chord, or string, five 
dieses above its ordinary pi! 

Ecbolic (ekbg’ lik), = o sb. Med. [as if ad. 
Gr. éxBod.kds, f. €«BoAn expulsion.] 

A. adj. That promotes the expulsion of the 
foetus. 

1877 Woopman & Tipy Forensic Med. 756 The ecbolic 
proper of ergot are too well known. — 

. sb. A drug that possesses this property. 

1753 Cuambers Cycl, Supp., Ecbolics ..a term used to 
express such medicines as were given to promote delivery 
in child-birth. 1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 549 Cases 
must be rare in which the latter [obstetric instruments] are 
not preferable to the ecbolic. 

Ecca'leobi‘on. ([Gr. sentence éxxadréw Biov 
(intended to mean ‘I evoke life’) written as one 
word.] The name given to anegg-hatching appa- 
— invented by W. Bucknell about 1839. 

Bucknett (¢7¢/e), Eccaleobion : a Treatise on Artificial 
Ine ation. —_ Cratc, Eccaleobion, a contrivance for 
hatching eggs b’ Aosta go heat. 1880 Harper's Mag. 787 
Willis’s Home was at one time a very eccaleébion 
for young par 

+ Eccathartic, a. Ods. [as if ad. Gr. *éxnaBap- 
tuxds, f. éxxabalpey to cleanse out.] = CATHARTIO ; 
erroneously taken by Willis in the contrary sense. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks, Voc., Eccathartic, not 


purging. 

| Bove (e*ksi). Latin for ‘lo!’ ft ‘behold!’ Used 
ey phrases like cece signum! behold a sign! 
ry Ecce Homo, ‘behold the Man’ (/ohm xix. 

; hence used subst. for a picture representing 
Entice wearing the crown of bag ey 

SS) Hen. IV, 8 um. 
Seamcan Preihaie The pies Bn Seah th 
affix to their prophetic Speeches. 

Hence + Ecce‘ity [ad. med.L, eccettas ; see -1TY], 
3 quality of being present. 

549 Cuatoner Evasm, Mori# Enc, Mj a, innumerable 
ise toyes have they. .of Instantes. .and ecceitees. 158x 
J. Bett Haddon'’s Answ, Osor. 56 In Distinctions, eccyties 
and quiddities, — [the Schoakeenn) could many time 
—_ see that thing which was no where at all, 1711 

erenfelsius’ Discov, Logomachys 101 Haecceitys, ecce- 
rt petreitys, etc. 


28 


Eccentric (cksentrik), a. Forms: 6 eccen 
trike, 6-9 excentric(k(e, 7-8 eccentrick, 7 ec-, 
excentrique, 7- eccentric. [ad. late L. eccen- 
tricus, f. Gr. Exnevrpos eccentric as opposed to con- 
centric (f. é out of + «évrpoy centre); see -Ic; the 
word is found in all the Romanic econ Fr, ex- 
centrique (14th c. in Littré), Pr. excentric, It. 
eccentrico, Sp. excéntrico.] A. adj. 

1. Ofa circle: Not concentric with another circle 
(const. 40). Of twoor more circles: Not mutually 
concentric, Chiefly used of circles of which one 
is within the other. + Zccentric orb: in the Pto- 
lemaic astronomy, an orbit not having the earth 
precisely in its centre (afterwards sometimes used 
ina Copernican sense: an orbit not having the 
sun precisely in its centre). 

1551 Recorpve Cast. Knowl. (1556) 247 These two circles 

.are eccentrike, for that they haue not one common centre. 
x6a1 Burton Anat, Mel. u. ii. m1. (1651) 159/2 Which how- 
soever Ptolemy, &c., maintaine to reall Orbs, excen- 
trick, concentricke. 1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 
431 This annual orb [of the earth] is eccentric to the sun. 

+b. fig. Not agreeing, having little in common. 
Const. from, to. Obs. 

12 Bacon Wisdom, Ess. (Arb.) 184 His owne endes, 
which must needes be often eccentrique to the endes of his 
Master or State. 1666 Cortins in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 
(1841) II. 463 My book of Accounts. .is so eccentric to your 
studies as I thought it unworthy your acceptance. 1670 
Sanperson in Ussher Power Princes (1683) Pref., A task.. 
altogether excentrick from their function and calling. 

2. That has its axis, its point of support, etc., 
otherwise than centrally placed. Cf. B. 2. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 45 Else the world will be Eccen- 
trick, and then it will whirle. 1743 Savery in Phil. Trans. 
XLVII. 177 Large object- glasses for telescopes are not 
commonly well center *d..1..return’d [two faulty ones] and 
had two sent me again, as eccentric well nigh as the former 
ones. 1825 Woop Razlroads 148 This eccentric circle is 
loose upon the axle. .a circular hoop. .fits the circumference 
of the eccentric motion. 183 J. OLLAND Manuf. Metals 
Polos ingenious but simple contrivance the eccentric 
wheel. 

3. Not centrally placed. Of an axis, etc.: Not 
Passing. through the centre. 

es iR J. Herscuer Outlines Astron. iii. § 141 are 
83 If the axis be excentric. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 203 T| 
organic centre of the transverse section does not usually 
coincide with the geometrical centre, as is easily seen in the 
transverse sections of most petioles and horizontal branches 
with an ‘eccentric’ pith. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary’s 
Phaner. & Ferns 3 ed The position of the bundle in the root 
is from the first slightly eccentric. 

+b. Of a locality: Remote from the centre ; 
out of the way. [So Fr. guartier Cage ae .] Obs. 

_ 1800 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) IV. 312 [The College] 

. eccentric in its position, exposed to all bilious diseases 
abandoned by the public care. 
ec. Phys. (See quot.) 

1876 Bernstein Five Senses 20 The sensation of sight can 
only take place..in the brain..and yet we transfer the ob- 
ject seen to the external world surrounding us. This fact 
is called the law of eccentric sensation. 

+4. Misused for: Having no centre. Ods. 

1633 T. Apams £-xf. 2 Peter iii. 7 Only that is eccentric, 
which was never made, 1652 Bentowes The i. at 28 
Deaths hell deaths Self out-deaths, Vindictive Place !..Ex- 
centrick Space! 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., 
Eccentric, without centre. 

5. Of orbital motion: Not referable to a fixed 
centre of revolution; not circular. Of a curve, an 
elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic orbit : Deviating 
(in greater or less degree) from a circular form. 

1642 Howett For. Trav. 77 Let these Lights .. be 
kept from irregular and eccentrique motions. poss Benr- 
Ley Boyle Lect. vii. 247 They could not acquire such Revo- 
lutions in Ellipses very little Eccentric. 2798 Morse 
Amer, Geog. 1. 32 Like other planets movi t the sun 
in bg! eccentric ellipses, Sm J. Herscnen Fam, 
Lect. Sc., Comets 104 A comet moves round the sun. -in an 
immensely elongated, or as it is termed a very eccentric, 


Hi 
B. transf. Of a heavenly body: Moving in an 
orbit deviating (more or less) from a circle. 
Ae Kei. Maupertuis Diss. Rraits Ths Conse’ 


Westey Serm. 
bo. 8 Whe wie IX. 249 Those Koontd, eccentric orbs, 
1816 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. §& Art 1. 581 When very ec- 
centric planets or comets go round any flat star, in orbits 
much inclined to its equator. 

¢c. Eccentric anomaly: the true anomaly of a 
planet moving in an eccentric orbit (opposed to to 
the mean anomaly). Lccentric equation: 
prone inge’ 

6. fig. Regulated by no central control. 

a. Of actions, movements, and things in general : 
Trregular, anomalous, proceeding by no known 
sos od, capricious. 

Drums. or Hawtn. Poems 19) re rai aby ig 
trick In our times. 1792 OO eee Pres, 
The eccentrick aberration of i ge 
aoe iar Hist. Eng. 1. 657 The oor dh clemency has 
ponnor some writers. 
Of persons and personal attributes: Devi- 
ating from usual methods, odd, eg A ne 
1685 86 Loyal Poems, Si esbury s Farew. 6 t- 
Poy aoe: phairiga ic Soul. Lp. Preston 
Boeth, u. 68 The Extravagance of Excentrick and irregular 


ECCENTRICATE. 


pean 1771 Mackenzie Man Feel. xxxiv. pe ie ae His 
excentric, 1802 Mar. 


ives were rather 
Moral T. (1816) I. Pref. 7 [Forester is 
eccentric vel 28361. R — y. te ite of 


That Agee though and eccentric genius. 
7. a. asad, bats absol. quasi-sb. 


. says Dosa a 1. v.i, He yee excen- 

aon 3 ea 7 LowkLt Among 

Bhs, Ser 8 i 2873) =e) es never quite saw the 
: Bs 

dist’ eccentric and the original. 


B. * es 
+1. [=eccentric circle, orb; see A.1.] In Pto- 
lemaic astronomy: A circle or orbit not having 
the earth precisely in its centre. Obs. exc. Hist. 
[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. xi. xi. (1495) 317 The 
fyrste eng e of a planete..is a cercle that hyghte fe ‘Ecen- 
53 yr Even Art Navig. 1. xx. 22 Eecentricke, isa 
hath his center distant. -from the center of the 
poe ie Sir T. Browne ae Ep. 293 The Perigeum 
or lowest part of the eccentric. Be She (1736) 
225 Excentricks and Epicycias of Fe We ed 
Martyn Geog. Mag. 1. Introd. 14 A vonber rofcioclae 
eccentrics and epicycles. 
2%: a1660 Hammonp Wks. TV. 551 Reserving. .somewhat 
h oy ates for the universal 
an of the whole body, icks 
2. Mech. A circular disc fixed on a revolving 
shaft, some distance out of centre, working freely 
ina ring (the eccentric strap), which is attached 
to a rod called an eccentric rod, by means of 
which the rotating motion of the shaft is converted 
into a backward-and-forward motion. Its most 
frequent use is for working the slide-valve of a 
steam- Bi (Earlier eccentric circle, motion; 
~ ~~ 2). 
‘Specif, Mandelay's Patent No. $53 It consists. . 
Poy application of an eccentric to work the slide rob 
1838 Public Wks. Gt. Brit. 69 The slides are worked by 
four fast eccentrics .. instead of two loose ones. 1881 Me- 
chanic § 657. 302 The set screw in the eccentric shall be 
downwards. aay 
3. (Cf. A. 6 b.] A person whose conduct is ir- 
regular, odd, or whimsical. 
1832 Scorr St. Ronan’s Introd., Men of every country 
payn the eccentric. 1850 Kinestey Alt, Lae vi. (879) 
ve given no description of the old eccentric’s 


am Attrib. and Comb. a. In various parts con- 
nected with the eccentric that works the slide- 
valve in a steam-engine, as eccentric-catch, -hook, 
-rod. Also eccentric-hoop, -ring, or -strap, the 
ring in which the eccentric revolves, 

b. In various machines or parts of machines, 
whose distinctive feature is that they are worked 
by an eccentric wheel or depend upon an eccentric 
arrangement; as eccentric-arbor, Agere -cutter 


we fh ), -engravi ‘an, -gear, 
tn ook Eatery. ig bento turnin 
inne various .. work for w the 
celebrated. bid. 87 Eccentie chuck. 
Watch & Clockm, 100 When the three screws are 
the two parts of the eccentric arbor may be shifted. 

Ecce‘ntrical. [f. as we 

+1. a.=Eccentrio A. 1. Also Sig Pertain- 


ng wuson Nos Pla Obs. aie 

Wixins New Planet x. (1707 

Earth to move in an Eccentrical Or GR eben 

Mitton CA. Govt.i. 851) With a kinde of He 
equation. 1646 W. ight Reformation * Whose . 
interest is excentricall nom the. .interest of the kin loms. 


Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iv. 62 in the 
fon = ene — wW.S ney 
rol. Chym. ‘or want of some t Princi 

]..are mostwhat eccen! to the truth, 


they [Physicians 

2. Out of the regular track; exceptional, irregular. 

a 1652 J. Smitn Se: Pleo 1x, ix. x (1859) 44 An all-seeing eye 

Cinapon Ft Ret ii" neg te re There wee 
ENDON 1 49° ee 

many il trical Proceed 

Comm. U1, 


Vanity St ae for creed eccentrical. 1845 Petri 
or truncated at 
ornamen! something eccentrical. 
Ecce'ntrically, adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ 2] In 
an eccentric direction or manner, 
1. Not concentrically ; not symmetrically with 
respect to the centre. 
@ 1687 Perry Pol. — 2690) 93A hed .neneaeneey 
so 


mon = wo ie Supe Pa toUs, gg ss Toon Ce 
Pigpoekt IV. an liver cells in Bol are.. 
Lastetr 7%; 

Trees 8 se The p th is id sendy 

Pig oe 4 irvegularia in 
mod. use, » 'y, Strangely, 

Yng. Man's C. Prudence is herein it 

gus That hing roy excentrically, 73g Comer 
Limits of Domestic Offices, and ‘when they 


Se: To gee 
1708 Morreux Radelais v. Xx, design is to.. 


tricate to you my 


ECCENTRICITY. 


2. intr. To go out of one’s proper sphere. 

1643 Mercurius Britannicus 3 Oct. No. 6. 42 We can dis- 
cuss our differences in our own seates and no man go out 
nor excentricate, 

Eccentricity (eksentri'siti). [f. as prec. + 
-1ry.] The state or quality of being EccENTRIC, q.v. 

1. The quality of being abnormally centred; of 
not being concentric; of not having the axis in 
the centre. + Orig. of planetary orbits: The fact 
of having the earth at a distance from the centre 
(Obs. exc. Hist.). In mod. astronomy ofa circle or 
arc in the celestial sphere: The fact of not being 
concentric with the sphere. 

1551 Recorpe Cast, Knowl. (1556) 247 Sith the centre of 
the greater circle is by A, and the centre of the lesser circle 
is by B, the distaunce betweene A and B is the quantitie of 
their eccentricitye. 1594 Davis Seaman’s Secr. (1607) 5 
All which differences are caused by the excentricity of her 
Orbe wherein she moueth. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 

25 Yet by reason of his Excentricity, his [the sun’s] motion 
is unequall. 1839 R. S. Rosinson Naut. Steam Eng. 107 
or, being the whole motion caused by the eccentricity .. a 

rtion of o x must be cut off by the eccentric pulley. 1849 

wR J. HerscHer Outlines Astron, iii. § 141 (1858) 83 The 
effect of excentricity is..to increase the arc representing 
the angle in question on one side of the circle. 

+2. The condition of not being centrally situ- 
ated ; distance from the centre. Ods. 

1825 T. Jerrerson Axutobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 48 Its local 
eccentricity .. lessened the general inclination towards it. 
1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxxii. (1870) II. 241 The 
agitation of one place of a sheet of water expands itself, in 
wider and wider circles .. although, in proportion to its 
eccentricity, it is always becoming fainter. 

3. Of a curve: Deviation from circular form. 

16965 Wuiston The. Earth, (1722) 18 All degrees of Eccen- 
tricity make Ellipses ofall species. 1868 Lockyer Heavens 
(ed. 3) 72 The or' it of Mercury is very elongated, or, in as- 
tronomical language, its excentricity is considerable. 

b. as a measurable quantity. 

The eccentricity of an ellipse was formerly defined as the 
distance between the centre and one of the foci; it is now 
represented as an abstract number, e. g. as the ratio of the 
focal distance of the centre to the semi-major-axis. The 
more modern expression, however, for the eccentricity of 
all, conic sections is the ratio of the focal distance (of any 
point in the curve) to the distance from the directrix. In 
‘the case of the ellipse this is numerically identical with 
the ratio previously mentioned. 

1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. 71 The right Line AP, con- 
necting the Apsides ,. the Line of the Apsides; the Part 
CS of it, the Excentricity. 1787 BonnycastLe Astron. vi. 
go The distance between the centre of the ellipse O, and 
one of its foci F, is called its eccentricity. 1874 MosrLry 
Astron. \xxiii. (ed. 4) 210 Ellipses whose foci..are near one 
another .. are called ellipses of small eccentricity. 1881 
C. Taytor Conics 164 Having given four points and the 
eccentricity of a hyperbola. ee how to construct a curve. 

4. The quality or habit of deviating from what 
is usual or regular; irregularity, oddity, whimsi- 
cality. 

1794 Suttivan View Nat. V. 187, An excursion, for the 
eccentricity of which I shall..be condemned. 1859 Mitt 
Liberty iii. (1865) 39/2 Eccentricity has always abounded 
when and where strength of character has abounded. 1886 
Pall Mail G. 29 Apr. 4/1 What in some persons is called 
eccentricity, in others would be called insanity. 4 

b. concr. An instance of deviation from what is 
usual, an extravagance. Also #/. 

1657 Cotvit Whigs Supplic. (1751) 49 The like uncer- 
tainty he sees In change of Excentricities. 1818 Mrs. 
Suettey Frankenst. i. (1865) 10 To render their seeming ec- 
centricities consistent for ever. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits 
vi. Manners Wks. (Bohn) II. 47, I know not where any per- 
sonal eccentricity is so freely allowed. 1870 HawTHoRNE 
Eng. Note-bks. (1879) 11. 196 Miscellaneous eccentricities 
of sculpture, | 

Eccentrize, v, xonce-wd. [f. EccENTR-Ic + 
-1ZE.]) To play the eccentric (quasi-7e/. in 
quot.). 

1836 New Monthly Mag. XLVIII. 461 It has been the 
fashion .. to take up any scribbler who has libelled, fought, 
or eccentrized himself into notice, 

Eccheness, variant of Echrnsss, Ods. 

Eccho, obs. var. Ecuo. 

Ecchondrosis (ekgndréw'sis). Pathol. [a. as- 
sumed Gr. éexdvdpwors, f. é« out + xé6vdpos cartilage ; 
after words like ecchymoszs.] 

1874 bona & Stev. Phys, Anat. 141 Outgrowths of car- 
tilage, known as ecchondrosis. 

|| Eechymoma (ekimou'ma). Pathol. [mod.L., 
a. Gr. éexdpwpa; see next.] A tumour formed 
by an effusion of blood under the skin. 

1541 R. Copranp Galyen’s Terap, 2 Hiij, Such rupcyons 
be with ecchymosis or ecchymonia [sc]. 1684 tr. Bonet’s 
Merc. Compit. v. 139 When the Ecchymoma .. was just 
turning to an Abscess, I opened it. 1876 Dunrinc Dis. 
Skin 329 Ecchy: consist of ive extravasation: 
which appear in the form of tumors. 

Ecchymosed (ekimdwst, -dwzd), ffl. a. 
Pathol. [ad. Fr. ecchymosé, £. ecchymose, Fr. form 
of next.] Affected with ecchymosis. 

1834 J. Forses Laennec’s Dis. Chest, There was an ec- 
chymosed spot .. on the inner surface of the pericardium. 


1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 49 The..lymphatic glands 
..are usually swollen, red, and occhyansiken section. 


|| Eechymosis (ekiméwsis). Pathol. [mod.L., 
a. Gr. éexvpwors, f. éxexvpdecbar to extravasate 
blood, f. é# out + xvpds juice.] 


29 


‘A blotch caused by extravasation of blood below 
the skin’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1541 R. Copcanp Galyen’s Terap. 2 H iij b, All acchymo- 
sis or ecchymonia indycateth vacuacyon for remedy of y® 
cure. 1612 WoopaL. Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 385 Blood 
is forced into the Muscles confusedly, as by the Meherece 
may appear. 1758 J. S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) 
163, I..found a little Ecchymosis towards the Elbow. 1866 
A. Fut Princ. Med. (1880) 27 When the hemorrhages are 
minute, they are called punctate or ecchymoses. 

Ecchymotic (ekimg'tik), 2. Pathol. [f. Gr. 
éxxvpdecda ; see prec.] ‘Of the nature or ap- 
pearance of an ecchymosis’ (Syd, Soc. Lex.). 

1857 Buttock Cazeaux’ Midwif. 67 The surface is.. 
covered..sometimes with ecchymotic spots. 
Evccle, v. dal. Also eckle. 

ErrLe.] zztr. To aim or intend. 

1721-1800 in BaILey. 1 7-78 Hattiw., Eckle, to aim ; 
to intend; to design. North, 

Evccle-grass. (See quot.) 

1806 P. Newt Zour Orkney (Jam.) Pinguicula vulgaris, or 
common butter-wort—in Orkney is known by the name of 
Ecclegrass. | i ; 

|| Ecclesia (ekli-zia, -sia). H7s¢. [med.L., a. 
Gr. éxxAnota, f. €xxAntos called out, f. exxadrely to 
call out.] A Greek word for a regularly con- 
yoked assembly; chiefly applied to the general 
assembly of Athenian citizens. On the introduction 
of Christianity it became the regular word for 
CHURCH, q.v. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 79 Ecclesia, which 
worde wee vse for the Church, is properly an assembly. 1820 
T. Mitcuety Avistoph. 1. 227 The ecclesia consisted of all 
such as were freemen of Athens. 1849 Grote Hist. Greece 
(1862) 1. xiv, V. Se cong misguided vote, both of the 


Senate and of the Ekklesia. 7 . 
+ Eccle‘sial, z. Ods. [a. OF. ecclésial, f. L. 


ecclesia; see prec.] Ofor pertaining to the church ; 
= EccnesriastIcaL. Freq. in Milton. 

1649 Mitton Ezkon. iii. (1851) 443 It is not the part of a 
King. .to meddle with Ecclesial Government. 

Ecclesialogy, bad form of EccLEsIoLocy. 

Ecclesiarch (eklizijark). [f. Gr. éxxAnoia 
church +-apxos ruler.} A ruler of the church. 
Hence Eccle’siarchy. 

1781 Gipson Decl. § F. ILI. Ixvi. 671 The great ecclesiarch 
poorly excuses his submission to the emperor. 1878 E. 
Jenkins Haverholme 92 He..was..a sort of lay ecclesiarch 
in the county. /ééd. 167 Emancipation of Christianity from 
tradition and ecclesiarchy. 

Ecclesiast (eklz-zijest). [(?a. Fr. ecclestaste), 
ad. (through L.) Gr. éexAnovaorys one who takes 
part in an EccLEsIA (= sense 3 below) ; used by 
the LXX. to render Heb. nonp gohéleth one who 
addresses a public assembly.] 

1. ‘The Preacher’, i.e. Solomon considered as 
the author of the Book of Ecclesiastes. In first 
quot. applied to the author of Ecclesiasticus, the 
reference being to xxxiii. 19. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Wy/s Prol. 651 Thanne wolde he, vp-on 
his Bible seke That ilke prouerbe, of Ecclesiaste Where 
he comandeth, and forbedeth faste Man shal nat suffre his 
wyf go roule aboute. 1873 Contemp. Rev. XXII. 536 The 
happiness that allures me, says the Ecclesiast, isa mockery. 

. ta. [suggested by 1.] One who performs 
public functions in church (o0ds.). b. [Suggested 
by Ecorestastic.] A church administrator. 

1386 Cuaucer Pro/. 708 He [the Pardonere] was in 
churche a noble ecclesiaste, 1866 F. W. Newman Relig. 
Weakness Prot. 40 We see a great ecclesiast. | 

3. A member of the Athenian Ecclesia. 

1849 Grote Greece u. 1. VI. 382 Present to the mind of 
every citizen in his character of dikast or Ekklesiast. 1872 
Symonps Grk. Poets Ser. 1. i. (1877) 30 The whole Athenian 
nation as dikasts and ecclesiasts were interested in Rhetoric. 

Ecclesiastes (ekli:ziz'st?z). [a. Gr. é«#An- 
o.aorns ; see prec.] The title of a book of the Old 
Testament, written in the person of Solomon, and 
traditionally ascribed to his authorship. 

(Properly the Gr. title is the designation of Solomon 
considered as the author of the book, and is occas. so used 
by Eng. writers, though in the text of the book the Eng. 
versions render the corresponding Heb, word as ‘ The 
Preacher ’.) 

1300 Cursor M. 8464 [Of Salamon] pe first boke Man it 
clepes ecclesiastes, 1382 Wyciir Eccles. Prol. note, Here 

nneth the prologe in the boc of Ecclesiastes. 1579 W. 
Piuxs Heskins’ Parl. 9 Sal in his Ecclesi | h 
not M. Heskins. x164x Hinpe ¥ Bruen Ded. 1 [Salomon] 
was both an Ecclesiastes, and a King. 

Ecclesiastic (eklz:ziz'stik), g. and sb. Forms: 
5 ecclesyastyke, 6-7 -iastique, 7 -tick(e, -tik, 
7— ecclesiastic. [ad. (through Fr. and L.) Gr, 
éxkAnovaorinds, ultimately f. é**Anota church.] 

A. adj. (Now rare; see ECCLESIASTICAL.) 

1. Of or Bede to the church; concerned 
with the affairs of the church; opposed to civd/ 
or secular. = 

3 Caxton Cato G jb, The benefyces and the thynges 
Fos mda 1588 A. Kine Canisius’ Catech, 42b, Jesus 
Christ .. commandit thais thingis quhilk perteins to obedi- 
ence to be geuin to the Apostolique and_Ecclesiastique 


[app. var. of 


commandimentis. 1678 Cupwortu /nfed2. Syst. 1. § iv. xiii. 
213 Some ecclesiastick writers..impute a Trinity of gods 
to Marcion. 


1695 Kennett Par, Antig. vii. 30 The dis- 
position of the lesiastick state depending always on 


ECCLESIASTICALLY. 


the revolutions of the civil government. 1766 Cotr in 
Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 510 1V. 487 To unloose all ties both 
civil and ecclesiastic. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits x. Wealth 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 3 Whatever is excellent .. in civil, rural, 
or ecclesiastic architecture. 

+b. Of language (esp. Gr. or L.), words, or 
senses of words: Characteristic of ecclesiastical 
writers ; opposed to classical or secular. Obs. 

1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. vii. 31 This singularity of the 
Ecclesiastique use of the word [credo] hath raised many 
dissenters. @1638 Mrepr Wes. u. iv. (1672) 360 [In] S. 
John’s Writings. .we find two Ecclesiastick terms of Adyos, 
and Kuptaxh nuepa. z : 

2. Of persons: Belonging to the church viewed 
as consisting of the clergy ; clerical (= older sense 
of spiritual) as opposed to /ay. Also of attire, 
functions, etc.: Pertaining to the clergy. 

1603 Kno.ies Hist. Turks (1638) 81 He caused the Priests 
in their ecclesiastick attire and ornaments, to march forth 
in the army. 1610 Donne Pseudo-Mart. 26 Nor deale 
they onely with temporall punishments upon Ecclesiastique 
persons. 1820 ComBeE (Dr. Syntax) Consol, 1. 182 A gay 
ecclesiastic Beau. 

. 5b, 

1. [See A. 2.] A clergyman, person in orders, a 
‘churchman’ as distinguished from a ‘layman’. 
App. not before 17th c., the earlier term being 
‘spiritual man’. Chiefly ¢echn. and “ist. 

1651 Hospes Leviath, u. xxix. 168 The subjection of 
Ecclesiastiques to the Common-wealth. 1707 AppIson 
State of War 254 And at the same time such vast numbers 
of Ecclesiasticks, secular and religious. 1870 F. WiLson 
Ch. Lindisf. 93 A fragment of an effigy of an ecclesiastic. 
1880 MeCartuy Own Times IV. \xiii. 427 He had in him 
much of the taste and the temper of the ecclesiastic. 

+2. pl. a. Matters ecclesiastical. b. The science 
of church government. (vave). Ods. 

1619 Fotuersy A theont, u. xiv. § 2 (1622) 356 For Morall 
Philosophie .. hath three parts: Ecclesiastickes, Oecono- 
mickes, and Politickes. 1672 Cuas. II. in Gutch Co/Z. Cur. 
I. 311 He is much troubled, that that Declaration .. should 
have..given an occasion to the questioning of his power in 
ecclesiasticks, 1738 Near Hist. Purit. IV. 455. 

Ecclesia‘stical a. [f. prec. +-a.] 

1. = Eccrxstastic A. 1. 

1538 CoverpaLe VV. 7. Ded., Jurisdiction ecclesiastical. 
1593 Hooker £ccl. Pol. 1, xvi. 47 Our whole question 
concerneth the qualitie of ecclesiasticall lawes. 1635 
N. Carpenter Geog. Del. u. xiv. 235 Their Churches haue 
no perfect platforme of Ecclesiasticall gouernment, 1704 
Netson Fest. § Fasts (1739) 1 Festivals. .are of Ecclesiastical 
Institution. 1865 Marre: Brigand Life II. 15 Both the 
ecclesiastical and civil tribunals. 

b. Ecclesiastical Commission, Commitssioners : 
a body of commissioners, acting in subordination 
to the Privy Council, for administering certain 
portions of the revenues of the Established Church 
of England. £cclestastical Corporations : corpora- 
tions consisting solely of ecclesiastical persons. 
Ecclesiastical Courts: courts for administering 
ecclesiastical law and maintaining the discipline 
of the Established Church. Lcclesiastical law: 
the law, derived from Canon and Civil law, ad- 
ministered by such courts. Lcclestastical judge: a 
judge of an ecclesiastical court. 

1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. u. v. (1654) 113, I see not why 
the Ecclesiastical Judge may not convent the person ac- 
cused. 1651 Hoses Govt. & Soc. xiv. § 5. 215 The humane 
Lawes (which are also called Ecclesiastical) concerning 
things sacred. 1681 Nevite Plato Rediv. 176 The Clergy.. 
had and will have .. inferior Courts in their own Power, 
called Ecclesiastical. 1827 Hatiam Const. Hist. (1876) III. 
xiv. 63 No legal defence could be made for the Ecclesi- 
astical commission of 1686. 1836 H. Rocers ¥. Howe viii. 
(1863) 195 Dignitaries of the Church .. put into motion all 
the..machinery of the ecclesiastical courts. 1846 MceCut- 
Loc Acc. Brit. Emp. (1854) 11, 259 All bishops have chan- 
cellors to assist them in.. matters of ecclesiastical law. 

2. Of or prea to the church viewed as 
consisting of the clergy; pertaining to or char- 
acteristic of an ecclesiastic or ecclesiastics. 

I Starkey England iv. 138 Are en to the Church 
an Rocesyantoost personys. 1576 Lamparpe Peramb. 
Kent (1826) 137 How hee might .. without offence to the 
Ecclesiasticall estate .. conteine that treasure within the 
Realme. 1841 Mraz Nonconf. 1. 2 A final grapple with 
ecclesiastical tyranny. 1845 S. Austen Ranke’s Hist. Ref. 
I. 17 To maintain the ecclesiastical rights and privileges. 

+b. spect. Zcclesiastical State(s, the provinces 
formerly ruled by the Pope as Head of the Roman 
Church; = States of the Church, Papal States. 


Obs. 

LuttreLt Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 543 The pope has pub- 
lished a bull, excommunicating all persons .. that shal 
hinder the . of the ical state. 1815 WEL- 
LincTon Let. inGurw. Disp, XII. 238 This officer says that 
he already in fact governs the Ecclesiastical States. 

8, quasi-sd. a.=Eoctrstastic B. 2, a. f/. Mat- 


ters concerning the church. ; 

1641 C. Burces Serm. 26 To adhere to the Pope as su- 

reme in all Spiritualls and Ecclesiasticalls. 1649 JER. 
Fayre Gt. Exemp.1. Add. ix. 143 Their .. greater minis- 
teries in Ecclesiasticals. 1710 W. Hume Sacr, Success. 249 
What is said to vindicate pope Joan’s negotiation in Eccle- 
siasticals, may be apply’d to any sort of hypocrites, 

. = Eccuesrastic B. 1. rare. 
1882-3 Scuarr Relig. Encycl. U1. 911/2 Nor could any 


ecclesiastical receive his office from a ee 
Ecclesia‘stically, adv. [f prec. + -L¥*.] 


ECCLESIASTICALNESS. 


in an ecclesiastical manner or fashion ; in an eccle- 
siastical sense or relation. 
bit J. Upaut Demonstr. Discip. (Arb.) 60 To 
the Church by the rules of his worde, and that pil na aati: 
sro pot Gilding Outwnant Makers Flor. v. rok ap en 
— ildings which form ecclesiastically the centre 


“t i sticalness. Oés. rare—'. 
prec. +-NESS.] Ecclesiastical character. 

1659 Futter Aff. /nj. [nnoc. (1840) 334 Wills. rnd aes 
in the Court- Chrttian, which cidensetht something le- 
siasticalness in them. 

Ecclesiasticism (ckl#ziz’stisiz’m). [f. Ec- 
CLESIASTIC + -IsM.] The spirit and temper, or the 
principles of action, which are distinctively eccle- 
siastical. 

1862 Suirtey Mug. Crit. vii. 297 There are .. certain 
anomalies of medizval ecclesiasticism .. which are utterly 
repugnant to his intellect. A. M. Farrsairn Strauss 
1. in Contemp. Rev. June 139 The struggle between. . Eccle- 
siasticism and Humanism. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. II. 
xxxvi. 506 A character extremely familiar in the annals of 
ecclesiasticism. fia 

b. concr. An ecclesiastical system. 

1868 Fortn. Rev. May 498 Those organisations. .contrast 

..with the older poet he: a 

‘Eccclesias‘ticize, v. nonce-wd. MG as prec. 
+-IZE.] trans. To render ecclesiastic 

1865 Lond. Rev. 2 41/2 He would lose all caste if he did 
not appear eccloszasticoed from head to foot. 

Ecclesiastico-, combining form of Gr. é«- 
xAnowotiKds, as in ecclesiastico-conservative 
a., advocating a conservative policy in church 
affairs; ecclesiastico-military a., combining an 
ecclesiastical with a military organization. 

1685 H. More Para. Proph. 269 Hieratico-Political or 
Ecclesiastico-Secular Sovereignties. 1753 Bp. WARBURTON 
Lett. late Prelate (1809) To consider it in. .an ecclesiastico- 
political light. 1817 Bentuam Church-of-Englandism 308 
Ecclesiastico-statistical information. 1845S. Abin decal? 
Hist. Ref. 1. 23 The German empire .. extended the eccle- 
siastico-military State of which the Church was an inte; “a 
part. 1854 H. Mitcer Sch. §& Schm. xxiv. (1857) 536 
ecclesiastico-Conservative journal .. patronized... by . e 
Scottish Church. 

Eccle'siastry. nonce-wd. [f EccLestast +-Ry.] 
Ecclesiastical pomp or business. 

1865 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. VII. xvi. xii. 19 Olmiitz.. has 
much to do with artillery, much with ecclesiastry. 

Ecclesio'graphy. [f. ecc/esio-, combining 
ne of Eccies1a + Gr. -ypagia writing, "description. J 

A descriptive treatise on the church. 

1881 J. G. Maney (¢7¢/e), Ecclesiography or the Biblical 
Church a delineated. 

Ecclesiolatry (ekl#zijplatri). [f. as prec. + 
Gr. Aatpeia worship.] Worship of the church ; 
excessive reverence for church forms and traditions. 
So Ecclesio‘later [cf. z¢o/ater], one who is guilty 
ais 7. 

B47 J J. W. Donatpson Vindication of Protestant Princ. 
26 The Anglican Ecclesiolatry of the Archbishop. /éid. 
Pref. p. vii, With regard to the Ecclesiolaters. 1853 Cony- 
Beare Ess. Eccles. & Soc. (1855) 161 If a champion of eccle- 
siolatry is qualified. .to render good service to his partisans, 
etc. 1881 Crawrorp in Ch. Bells 25 June 477/2 The un- 
compromising ecclesiolatry which many goodmen have . 
adopted as part of their religion. 

Ecclesiologic, -ical (ekl7:zijolg'dgik, -ikal). 
[f. EccLesioLocy +-Ic, -10AL.] Of or pertaining 
to ecclesiology ; devoted to ecclesiolo Hence 
Eccle:siolo'gically adv., from an ecc esiological 
point of view. 

1847 Handbk, Eng. Ecclesiology 1 Church Schemes pub- 
lished by the ogi late Cambridge Camden 
Society. 1853 Cor. Wiseman Ess. III. 391 The ecclesio- 
logical movement in the Saaiican Church. 1869 Mrs. 
Ouirnant Perfet. Curate xlv. 387 Buller .. is too ecclesio- 
logical for my taste. 1882 F. Harrison Choice Bks. (1886) 
286 The as. + pranked out with gy ayy eae 
trumpe . of rare “38 The 1883 B Becker in 
Eng. Ili Nest. * i oh ho 88 The more correct ecclesiological 
taste developed y P =F 

Ecclesiologist (eklizi asia). [f. next ; 
see -Ist.] A student of ecclesiol 

1841 (tit/e) The Ecclesiol - a pulled y the a 
Camden _ Society. 1847 Futterton Grantley 
Manor I. ix. 7 My Uncle. A not much of an ecclesio- 
logist. 1884 G. Atten in Eng. Lilust. Mag. Feb. Fag 
The swift is the better ecclesiologist, loving to oe 
nest under the tall pinnacles of some cathedral st 

Ecclesiolo: (eklézi\p"l6dzi). = elie 
correctly) ecclesialogy. [f. ecclesto- (see pon 
GRAPHY) + Gr. -Aoyia discoursing: see -LOGY.] 
a. The science relating to the church or to 
churches; now usually, The science of church 
building and decoration. b. A treatise on churches. 

1837 British Critic xxi. 220 We mean then pee a 
logy, a science which may treat of the pro 

operations of the Church. 1847 ith) Handbook of of 
Bi... pie rchit. = ® tae 


[f. as 


English Ecclesiolo; 


first phase of ecclesiolo 

1851 Witson Preh. Ann, “77863) ah a Iv. a 058 WW. 49 The -. 

characteristics, of Irish ecclesiology. . Ware 

7 a say but a few words om each church 

‘ vi PN sett won dd be to compose an ecclesiology. 
Eccle:siopho'bia. xonce-wd. [f. as prec., after 

hydrophobia.} A morbid dread of of ecclesiasti- 

cism, 


30 
. form of bia 
oie cataract east cth 
ae of Ecxreric. 


ad poe ik, a. and sé. [ad. Gr. 
Fn f. éxxonpém, f. ée ont + xémpos dung.] 
A. adj. bet Mage ge of the bowels; 
mildly purgative. sb. A mild aperient. 
DGLEY Pract. oly pad 231 It must be = forth 
with diureticks. .or with 1782 W. 
Comm. xx. (1806) 106 Eccoprotics used ee so as 
de to bagel costiveness, 1827 AnernetHy Surg. Wks, 
ibes purgative see to act as eccopro- 
tics, io excte but not to stimulate the bowels. 
(ekring'lodzi). Phys. [a. F. 
eccrinologie, 4 Gr. éxxpiv-ev to secrete + -Aovyia di 
coursing (see -LOGY).] ‘ Term for the doctrine of, 
or a treatise on, the secretions’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

|| Eccrisis (e'krisis). A/ed. [mod.L.,a. Gr. éxxpr- 
as secretion, f. éxxpiv-ew to secrete.] Old term foran 
excretion or expulsion, whether a normal secretion 
or a product of disease ; also the thing excreted. 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.) 

1706 Puiturs, Eccrisis, a voiding of Humours, Excre- 
ments, or Ordure. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 

Eccritic (ekrittik), a. Med. [ad. Gr. éxxpi- 
tixés having the power of secretion or excretion ; 
cf. EcoaTHarTIC.] (See quot.) 

168: tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Eccritic, not critical 
[{app. a mere blunder]. 1883 Wesster, Zccritic, a remedy 

= aa promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a cathartic. 

Eccyty, obs. var. Ecceiry. 

Ecderon (ekdérgn). [irregularly f. Gr. é« out 
+ 5ép-os, 5ép-ya skin.] A term introduced by Prof. 
Huxley to denote the outer part of the skin and 
skin-like structures, including the epidermis, the 
epithelium, and all structures homologous with 
these. Opposed to ENDERON. 

Hence Ecdero-nic a. 

1859 Hux.ey in Todd Cycé. Anat. V. 476/1 The whole ex- 
ternal area of metamorphosis, I call the Ecderon. /did. 
The ecderonic area of metamorphosis. 

|| Eedysis (e“kdisis). [mod. L., a. Gr. éxdvors, f. 
éxdve to put off.] The action of stripping or cast- 
ing off, esf. of slough or dead skin in serpents and 
caterpillars, or of the chitinous integument in Crus- 
Bony Also concr. that which is cast off, slough. 

J. Hoce Microsc. un. iv. (1867) 581 The change consist- 
in what is termed ‘ecdysis’, a casting off, or moultin; 
ing! 1881 Nature XXIII. 380 There has not been observ 
any inert stage before the transformations or ecdysis. 

ig. 1863 Huxtey Man's Place Nat. ii. 8A skin of some 

dimension was cast [by ‘the human larva’) i gh ae 16th cen- 


tury..a new ecdysis seems imminent. 1876 M. & F. Cot- 
tins Blacksmith & Sch.(1883) 191 There is a bs ecdysis. 


Ece, OE. and early ME. f. Ecus, a. Ods. eternal. 


Echap(e, -appe, obs. var. Escape v.: see Es- 
CHAPE. 

|| Echarpe. A Fr. word for a scarf or sash 
worn across the breast from shoulder to waist. Zn 
écharpe (Mil.) : see quot. 

1772 Simes Mil. Guide s.v., To batter an [Tread ex) echarpe 
is to batter obliquely or side ways. 

+ Eche, 5.1 Obs. rare. [?var. of Exe addi- 
tion ; or f, EouE v.]_ A piece added (¢.g. toa 
bellrope). Cf. Eke sd. 


1525 Churchw. Acc. St. Dunstan's, Canterd., For ij ropes 
for eches for the bell ropys. For a eche to the gret bell jd. 

+ Eche, sd.2 Obs. rare. [app. ad. OF. esche, 
_ tinder :—L. esca bait.] A ta 

Bate Eng. Votaries 11. (1 

rm tre clothes pe towels, aah ot a mae 
grotes and trentals. /did. 84b, They toke of these sea 
Be and tyed eches vnto them light. 

+ Eche, a. Ods. Forms: 1 ce, 1-2 6ce, 2 
ech, ache, 2-3 eche. [OE. #ce, ée, repr. OTeut. 
*aiwokjo-, f. *aiwo(m=L. evum age (see A adv., 
Ay); cf. Goth. ajuk (:—*aiwoko-) in ajukdups 
eternity.] Everlasting, eternal. Also quasi-sd. in 
phaeet s in eche. 


Psalter 6) I wcre bid 
ran ‘ay Keutish Chat ne Sueet On B Tests 
(1885) oon agefe Bact | lond inn higum to 


iff, to brucanne on ece erfe. a@ 1000 Riddles (Gr, 


xli, x Ece is se scyppend. pry Cott. Hom, 2: Wit 
into ece fer, a1200 Moral O. i A in ee Coll. Hom, 
231 God one sal ben ache tit, an and ache reste. 


@ 1225 Fuliana 79 Iheiet beo he him ane ‘as he wes and is 
eauer in eche. @ 1250 On ¢ sayy a Ah ——— 


thing that eche nis A-gon scl 
+ e, v. Obs. Forms: 1 fecan, fae ate 


écan (also with prefix ze-), 2-3 echen, 4-7 eche, 
eech(e, 6 etche, eatch, 7 each, ich, See also 
Exe v. [repr. OE. écan, in WS. decan wk. vb.=OS. 
bkian:—OTeut. *aukjan (cf. OHG. auhhin:— 
*aukéjan), f. *auk-an str. vb. (ON. auka, Goth. 
aukan ; elsewhere only in pa. pple. OE. dacen, 
OS. ékan) to increase, cogn. w. augére, Gr. 
abfdvely to increase.] 

1. trans. To enlarge, ky ee increase. 

1000 Andreas 1386 (Gr. scealt ecan Sine aH 
€ 1000 Sax. ripen Ene 208 Gif him fefer ne sie, yc pat mid 


wine. ¢1175 Lamb, Hom. He .. his sunnen eched. 
cieey tote as el os furdre his deorewurde 


ECHEVERIA. 


grace. @1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 1460 God might not oo 
pope aimee Saree cche. 1530 Pasor. 531/z, I etche, I in- 
mente. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. 


1599 SHAKs. Hen. V, 1u. Pro 35 Still be kind, And eech 

out our performance with your mind. 1655 Francion 1. iii: 

Ga He ed och a fall Chanter ocd cot with ong Clon 
aarp 


fy case of licours. 
Hardde e ptche and wex, take PoP gts even weight, And herdde 
with pix iquide herto eche An halven dele. 

b. ? To increase (one’ ws stature. [But possibly 
a different word ; cf. IccHE.] 

1640 A. Harswet God’s Summ: 413 Riches cannot .. each 
us one haires breadth neerer heaven, 

3. intr. To grow. 

1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. x. toi eee ate ee 

{L. crescens) ‘tree had 
b. Of a ‘pace’: Toi increase, be 
ARLES Sheph. O: Hi 
vit Re cd ir at “sy cis pce 
Evchelich,«. Ols. [i Bout a.+-lich, -1x1,] 
Everlasting, eternal. 

Hence + E’cheliche adv., eternally. 

c Bas Vesp. Psalter xxiiili). bes Biod u ene geatu ecelice. 
c1175§ Lamb. Hom. 139 Deo ech riche he haued 
izarwed. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 23 Alle men shullen cume 
to libben echeliche. axzazag St. i arher. 19 Healunge on 
& leome of echelich heale. 

|| Echerlle. Ods. rare—'. [Fr. échelle \adder.] 
?An arrangement of ribbons in the form of a 
ladder; a lacing of ribbons in front of the 
stomacher. ne sa 

Si Cost: 88 Of ribbon, , 
Cites ath wet a mes ae ee 

Echelon (¢ My rere efélgn). Also echellon. [a. 
F. échelon, {. échelle \adder.] 

1. ‘A formation of troops in which the succes- 
sive divisions are placed parallel to one another, . 
but no two on the same alignement, each division 
having its front clear of that in advance’ (Stoc- 

queler), Also attrib. In echelon (also Fr. en 
) rhelon): drawn up inthis manner. Direct, oblique 
echelon: see quot. 1832. LEchelon-lens: see LENS. 

1796 dusty. $ Reg. Cavalry Ld The Echellon (or 
ELLINGTON Meme, in 
Gurw. Disp. IT. 332 The rath was not inan echellon. 1812 
a 24 por a - en — a 

wn en €C nstr. tL. 
Direct chellon—Is when the Line is broken Nees several 
moving direct to the front or rear insuccession. See 

’chellon—Is when the Line is broken into several parts 
wheels from Line, or Column, less than the quarter circle, 
podh we Hand ee and parallel with 
each other. pe . advance in echelon. 
1834 Mupie Fan ints gy 6 167 If do not stir, he 
— will drop down .. and begin to in an echellon 


2 ‘2 Used for: One of the divisions of an army 
1808 . “po -all his ardi 
"B t 
harge, = fons each echcon sustain, 86a 106s 
. deployed into 
Echelon (efélpn), v. [f. prec., or ad. Fr. dche- 
lonner.] To arrange (troops) in the form 
of an echelon; to dispose in divisions at succes- 
sive intervals. Mostly in fa. pple.; also adsol. 
echelonned 


Sat. Rev, over the 
a 2 Dae Wass Man Tape Se Sa 
of the attacking force somewhat to 

b. ¢ransf. and if 
¢ 1860 Wraxatt tr. X. Houdin xv. 213 Miseries we had 
to like many on Ou 
sage. Pall Mail G. 1 June 5/1 pag So ite 
spiral which to ven .. 
whole race is echeloned at irregular int 
Hence Echeloned 


(1857 C. Apams Gt. Cerhenes ottuaddeente forma- 
tion_of his divisions. 


+ "is. Obs. rare. Also echineis. [Gr. 
éxernis, f. éx-euv to hold +vais mre ynt) shi’ 


artes Risener co 


of its head an flat disk, or sucker, by 


neuneddebicls ik anathema to'b bodies. 
vhpee od Selimus Wks. anes XIV. 209 The 
the . F{reake) 


Rt Occ. Philos. 29 The litle stops 
ve i774 Gouna Nat. Hist. fae) IL. mt. i. 300 


"} Boheness. Ob. Also 1-3 ecness, -nyss, 
2-3 ech-, eccheness. [f. EcHE a.; see -NESS.] 


salter ix. 87] Dryhten in ecnesse 
cma Lami: Home 209 a Vdsell bid pe stare pe. push his 
From worlde to oe 6 


ECHEVIN. 


of succulent plants allied to the house-leek (N.O. 
Crassulacez), extensively used in carpet gardening. 
Paxton Bot. Dict. 1883 Pall Mall G. 17 Sept. 3/2 
My Londoner, who .. likes old friends among the flowers 
whose names he has got well into his head better than all 
the Alternantheras and Echeverias. 1883 G. ALLEN in Colin 
Clout’s Calendar 147 It will not away with your modern 
gloxinias and echeverias, ‘ ‘ 
|| Echevin (efaven). [F. échevin, OF. eschevin 
=It. schiavino:—med.L, scabinus ; of Teut. origin; 
cf. OLG. scepeno (Schade), OHG, sceffeno, sceffen 
(Ger. schéffe(n, schéppen).] A municipal function- 
ary in French and Belgian towns, corresponding 
nearly to an English alderman. 

1766 Smottett Trav. (1797) 17 The civil magistracy of 
Boulogne consists of a mayor and echevins. 1881 Edin. Rev. 
Jan, 8x A highly connected echevin or alderman of Ghent. 

|| Echidna (#kidna). Zoo/, [mod.L., a. Gr. 
éxéva viper.] A genus of Australian toothless 
burrowing monotremate mammals (family Zchid- 
nide), resembling hedgehogs in size and external 
appearance. In several points their structure is 
allied to that of birds. The best known species 
is Z. Hystrix, the Porcupine Ant-eater. 

1847 CarPENTER Zool, § 320 The Echidna, or Porcupine 
Ant-eater. .is about the size and form of a Hedgehog. 

Echidnine (‘ki-dnein). Chem. [f. Gr. éxcdva 
viper +-INE.] (See quot.) 

186: Hutme tr. Moguin-Tandon u. v. ii. 284 Prince 
Lucien Bonaparte has shown that the poison of the Viper 
consists essentially of a principle to which he has given the 
name Echidnine or Viperine. 

Echinal (¢koinal, e‘kinal), a. [f. Ecntn-us 
+-AL.] Of or belonging to a sea-urchin. 

1830 Lyett Princ. Geol, I. 129 A saurian vertebra together 
with patella and echinal spines. : 

Echinate (ekineit), a. [ad. L. echindtus, f. 
echinus hedgehog.] 

1. Bot. ‘Furnished with numerous rigid hairs, 
or straight prickles; as the fruit of Castanea 
vesca’ (Treas. Bot.). 

1668 Witkins Real Char, 116 Whose outward husk is 
Echinate and prickly. 1835 LinpLEy /utrod. Bot. (1848) I. 
344 Each grain is echinate. 

ps Zool. Resembling an echinus or sea-urchin. 

1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 230 The spiniform teeth which 
give the echinate character to this species. 

Hence Echinato-de‘ntate, a. 
toothlike prickles or spines. 

1846 Dana Zoofh, (1848) 173 Exterior. -echinato-dentate, 

E:chinate, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec.] zztr.To set 
up one’s prickles like a hedgehog; in quot. fig. 

1788 J. Wittiams (A. Pasquin) Childr. Thespis (1792) 243 
When merit exhibits his guinea gorged purse, They'll echi- 
nate, redden and tacitly curse. 

Echinated (e‘kine'téd), 27. a. [f. as prec. + 
-ED.] = EcHINATE a. 

1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. 346 Bearing .. crasse, 
spinous and echinated Apples. 1756 P. Browne Yamaica 
233 Half the capsule is echinated, the other smooth. 
1881 Macponatp in ¥7n2. Linn. Soc, XV. No. 85. 281 Lobes 
of apertures finely echinated, 

+ Evching, v/. sb. Obs. [f. EouE v.+-1nG1.] 
The action of increasing, enlarging, supplement- 
ing ; concer. an addition. 

1382 Wycuir /sa. xv. 9, I shal putte vpon Dibon ecchingus 
[2388 encreessyngis ; Vulg. additamenta}. 1502 Priv. Purse 
Exp. Eliz. York (1830) i Item for mending and eching of 
iiij. hopys to the said whelys ijd. 

+ Evching, #//. a. Obs. [f. EcHE v. + -InG?.] 
That increases. In quot., that increases speed, is 
quickened ; cf. EcuE v. 3 b. 

1644 Quartes Sheph. Orac. ii. (1646) 13 Lord, how my 
Lambs divide Their eching paces to the farther side. 

Echinid (tkoinid). Zoo/. [mod. f. Gr. éxiv-os 
sea-urchin + -1D; cf. F. échinide.] Any member 
of the Echinus family. As pl. mod.L. Echinida 
is often used ; also Echinidans in same sense. 

1835 Kirsy Hab. § Inst. Anim. 1, vi. 209 The most power- 
ful. .organs with which the Creator has gifted the Echinidans 
are their jaws and teeth. 1851 RicHarpson Geol. 225 Echi- 
nida have a globular ovoid or depressed body without rays. 
1887 Atheneum 5 Feb. 194/2 The echinids, asterids, and 
holothurids have sprung from a common primitive form. 

Echinite (ekinait). [ad. mod.L. echinita; 
see Eoninus and -1Tx.] A fossil echinoderm; a 
fossil sea-urchin. Hence Echini‘tal a., pertaining 
to or resembling echinites. 

{1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth w. (1723) 203 The 
Bodyes which are call’d, by Naturalists, Echinztz.] 1750 
G. Hucues Barbadoes 11.55, I have likewise a middle-sized 
petrified Echinite, 1852 Ricarpson Geo/. 24 The echinites. 

Echino- (zkoi'no, e-kino), combining form of Gr. 
éxivos, used (either in its original sense of ‘ hedge- 
hog’, denoting something prickly, or in that of 
*sea-urchin’, Ecuinus) to form compounds in 
scientific use. Echinococcus (-kg'kis). Zool. [Gr. 
«éxkos seed-grain], a former genus of ACEPHALO- 
cysts or hydatids, now known to be the scolex or 
higher larval form of a species of tapeworm, 
hence called Zenia Echinococcus (formerly 7. 
nana). >} Echi-nod, Ods., in 8 ekinod [Gr. 48-ods 
tooth], (see quot.). Echi:no-e'ncrinite: see 
ENCRINITE. 


Zool., having 


31 


1836-9 Topp Cye/. Anat. II. 126 note, These may be con- 
sidered rather as the Parasites of the *Echinococcus. 1878 
Bet Gegenbauer's Comp. Anat, 131 When the youngest of 
these can again bud off tenia-heads on its inner wall, we 
get the Echinococcus-form. 1708 in PAil. Trans. XXVI. 
78 The *Ekinod or Fossil ‘Tooth of the Sea-Urchin. 1850 
Dana Geol. App. i. 713 Encrinites, particularly the *echino- 
encrinites, 5 

Echinoderm (7koi‘no-, e-kinodoim). [f.echzno- 
dermata, by shortening], a member of the class 
Echinodermata; hence Echinode’rmal a. [see -AL] 
= EcHINODERMATOUS. || Echinodermata (-dd-1- 
mata), sd. pl. [mod.L., f. Gr. dépyar- stem of 
5épya skin], a class of animals formerly included in 
the Radiata, but now placed in the sub-kingdom 
Annuloida, including Sea-urchins, Sea-cucumbers, 
etc.; the name refers to the sharp-pointed 
spines with which the skin of the typical species 
is studded. Echinodermatous a., belonging 
to or resembling the echinodermata. 

1835 Kirsy Had, & Inst. Anim. I.vi. 201 The *Echinoderms 
form the second order of the Radiaries. 1886 A thenzum 
18 Dec, 828/2 The blastoids form an extinct group of stalked 
echinoderms. 1845 WHEWELL /xdic. Creator 39 The higher 
types of *Echinodermal, Articulate, and Molluscous, Ani- 
mals. 1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 109/2 Some marine 
animals without an “echinodermatous covering. 

Echinoid (ekinoid), @ and sé. [mod. f. 
EcHIN-USs + -O1D.] 

A. adj. Bearing a resemblance to, or having the 
characteristics of, an Echinus or Sea-urchin. 

185r RicHarpson Geol. viii. 208 The fossil species of 
Crinoid, Asteroid, and Echinoid radiata. 

B. 5. An individual of the Order Echinotdea 
(Class Echinodermata), the characteristics of 
which are a shell composed of calcareous plates, 
and locomotion by suckers and spines. 

1864 Reader No.85.204/2 Starfishes,echinoids, or ophiurans. 

Echinology (ekinglédzi). [f Gr. éxivo-s 
EcHINUS + -Aoyia discourse.] The study of Echi- 
noids. Hence Echino'logist [see -1sT], a student 
of echinology. 

1881 H. W. Macintosu in Nature No. 628. 41 Zoologists 
in eneral, and echinologists in particular. 

Echinulate (¢kirniz/lét), a. [f. on the analogy 
of AcicuLaTE, as if ad. mod.L. echinzdlatus, f. 
*echinulus, dim. of Ecutnus.] Having or covered 
with small prickles. 

1846 Dana Zoofh. (1848) 157 Calicles small, nearly hemi- 
spherical and echinulate. 1874 Cooke Fungi 29 The 
spores are in many instances. . beautifully echinulate. 

Hence Echi‘nulately adv., with small prickles. 
Echinulato-striate a@., streaked with rows of 
small prickles. 

1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 157 Surface finely echinulato- 


striate. /did. 450 The calicles.. are striate, though not 
echinulately So. 

Echinuliform (¢ki-nislifg:im), a. [mod. f. 
L. *echinul-us, dim. of EcH1nus +-FoRM.] In the 
form of, or resembling, small prickles. 

1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 707 Delicate echinuliform points. 

Echinus (7kai‘nis). Zool. Also 4 echynnys, 
6echynus. [a. L. echinus, Gr. éxivos hedgehog, 
sea-urchin.] The Sea-urchin ; a genus of animals 
(Order Lchinoidea, Class Echinodermata), in- 
habiting a spheroidal shell built up from polygonal 
plates, and covered with rows of sharp spines. 
(The sense ‘ hedgehog’ given in Bailey and some 
mod. Dicts, seems to be merely Gr. and Lat.) 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth, u1. ix. (1868) 82 Sharpe fisshes pat 
hy3ten schyanys ¢ 1520 ANDREWE Nodle rufe in Badbees 
Bk. (1868) 234 Echynus is a lytell fysshe of half a fote longe, 
& hath sharpe prykcles vnder his bely in stede of fete. 
1695 Woopwarp Nat, Hist. Earth (1723) 33 In Chalk.. 
there are only found Echini, and the other lighter Sorts of 
Shells. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 1.120 Yon round Echi- 
nus ray his arrowy mail. 1877 W. Dati Tribes N. W. 51 
The echinus..is furnished with ovaries on the inner side of 
the dome of the test. 

2. See quot. Ods. or doubtful; cf. EcHINATE. 

1721-1800 Baitey, Echinus, [among Botanists] is the 
prickly Head, Cover of the Seed or Top of any Plant, so 
called from its likeness to a Hedg-hog. 

3. Anat. ‘The rough stomach of a ruminant; 
also, the rough and muscular gizzard of gramin- 
ivorous and gallinaceous birds’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1716 G, Cueyne Philos. Princ. Relig. 11. 360 In all gran- 
ivorous birds, the Crop, the Echinus, and the Gizzard. 

4. Archit. The ovolo moulding next below the 
abacus of the capital of a column. [So in Gr. 
and L.; the reason for this use of the word has 
been variously coopturt) 

1563 SHuTE Archit. D ija, The Antiques in diuers of 
their edifices, hath made Echinus, to be in Proiecture like 
vnto Abacus, 1664 Evetyn tr. /reart’s Archit. 127 Echinus, 
a Bottle cut with an edg. 1 P. Smyru tr. Aldrich’s 
Archit, (1818) 90 This part is called an echinus, because of 
its resemblance to the prickly coat of chestnut. 1876 Gwitt 
Archit. Gloss., Echinus, the same as the ovolo or quarter 
round, though .. only properly so called when carved with 
eggs and anchors. x 

+ Echiquette, a. Ols. Her. [a. Fr. échigueté, 
connected with éhigutzer chess-board.] = CHECKY. 

1727-51 Cuambers Cyel., Echiquette. See CHECKY. 1775 
Asn, Echiguette (adj, in heraldry), checky. 


ECHO. 


+ Echi-quier. 147. Obs. rare—'. [F. échi- 
guier chess-board.] In phrase, Zo retire in 
échiquier [so Fr. en échiguier (Littré)], i.e. by 
alternate squares. 

1812 Examiner 21 Dec. 812/1 They retired in echiquier, 
under a very heavy firg. 

Echi‘tes. Also 7 echite. [a. Gr. éyirns, f. 
€xus viper.] 

+1. A precious stone, dark-green, red, or violet, 
with fabulous properties, found in India and 
Persia; cf. AETITES. Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxxviii. (1495) 565 
Echites conteyneth and bredyth a nother stone wythin. 
1567 Mapvet Gr. Forest 6 Echites is a stone .. without the 
which the Eagle can not bring forth her yong. 1688 R. 
Hoime Armoury 1. 40/1 The Echite is a stone. .of a violet 
colour. 1731 Bamey vol. II, Echztes, a precious stone, of 
a darkish-green colour, somewhat resembling a viper. 

2. Bot. A genus of climbing plants (N.O. Apocyn- 
ace), ‘so called from its twisting habits’. 

1731 Baivey vol. II, Echites, an herb, a kind of Clivers. 
1858 GLENNY Gard. Everyday Bk, 138/1 Echites are beauti- 
ful climbers. 

Echo (ekou), sd. Pl. echoes, rarely echos. 
Also 4 ecko, 5-7 ecco, 6-8 eccho. [a. L, ahd, a. 
Gr. 7x, related to 7x7 sound. 

The termination -« was common in Gr. female names, and 
perh, (as in the similar case of mews) persuasion) the form 
may be due to personification, although in Gr. literature it 
is used in an appellative sense much earlier than the men- 
tion of Echo asa distinct mythological person.] 

1. A repetition of sounds, which is produced by 
the reflexion of the sound-waves due to their 
incidence on something denser than the aerial 
medium in which they are propagated; hence 
concr. a secondary or imitative sound produced 
by reflected waves, as distinguished from the 
original sound caused by the direct waves. 

1340 Ayenb. 60 Ecko, pet is pe rearde pet ine pe heze 
helles comp ayen and acordeh to al pet me him sayb. 1388 
Wycir Wisdom xvi. 16 Ecco sownynge ajen fro _hizeste 
hillis. 1485 Caxton Trevisa’s Higden 1, xxii, Ecco is 
reboundynge of noyse. 1571 GotpinG Calvin on Ps, 
xxvii, 8 The voyce of God must resound .. as it were an 
Eccho in holow places. 1601 Hottanp Pdiny II. 581 This 
miraculous rebounding of the voice, the Greekes haue a 
pretty name for, and call it Echo. 1678 Cupwortn /xtel/. 
Syst. 581 Which if considered in Audibles, then will the 
Second Hypostasis be look’d upon, as the Eccho of an 
Original Voice; and the Third as the Repeated Eccho, or 
Eccho of that Eccho, 1810 Scorr Lady of L. 1. x, Round 
and around the sounds were cast, ‘Till echo seemed an 
answering blast. 1877 Bryant Lit, People of Snow 313 Like 
echoes softly flung from rock and hill. ; 

b. Yo applaud to the echo: i.e. so vociferously 
as to produce echoes. 

1605 SHAKS. JJacé. Vv. iii. 53, I would applaud thee to the 
very Eccho That should applaud againe. 1840 Dickens 
Old C, Shop (C. D. ed.) 77 The performance was applauded 
to the echo. ‘ 

2. The cause of this phenomenon personified. 

(In Greek mythology, Echo was regarded as an ‘ Oread’ 
or mountain nymph.) 

1s92 SHaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. ii. 162 Else would I teare the 
Caue where Eccho lies And make her ayrie tongue more 
hoarse. 1795 Wotcorrt (P. Pindar) Pixdariana Wks. 1812 
IV. 161 And Echo, long banish’d, sweet Maid, Return’d with 
her stories of love. 1860 TYNDALL Glac. 1. § 2.15 The echoes 
talked down to me from the mountain walls. ; . 

8. An artifice in verse, by which one line is 
made to consist of a repetition (such as might be 
given by a literal echo) of the concluding syllables 
of the preceding line, so as to supply an answer 
to the question contained in it, or otherwise to 
give a continuous sense. Hence, the name of the 
species of verse in which this was done. Also 
attrib., as in echo verse. 

The most perfect modern example of this once fashionable 
device is Hugo’s Chasse du Burgrave, where every alter- 
nate line throughout a long poem is an ‘echo’ of the pre- 
ceding line. 

1633 G. Herbert Temple, Heaven, But are there cares 
aad tosinees with the pleasure? Echo, Leisure. 1663 But- 
LER Hud, 1. iii. 199 Quoth he, O whither, wicked Bruin? 
Art thou fled to my—Eccho, Ruin! 1711 Appison Sfect. 
No. 62 3 False wit chiefly consists in the resemblance and 
congruity .. sometimes of Syllables, as in Echos and Dog- 

erel Rhymes. 1791-1824 D’Israeti Cur, Lit. (1866) 263/2 
a similar contrivance, that of Echo Verses, may here be 
noticed. 5 

+4. A response received or expected as a matter 
of course from the nature of the address. Ods. 

1642 R. CarPenter Experience Vv. xx. 333 Give out, from 
the inwards of his heart and Soule, with an Eccho, Amen. 
xjix Suartess. Charac. (1737) III. 300 Now the eccho 
or antiphony which these elegant exclaimers hope. .to draw 
necessarily from their audience, is that, etc, : 

5. jig. A repetition or close imitation, chiefly of 
things that can be compared to speech, voice, or 
sound (e.g. a writer’s thoughts or style), but occas. 
with wider meaning; an enfeebled reproduction ; 
an effect that continues after its cause has ceased ; 
and the like. 

1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 211 Their Services 
are, as it were, so many Eccho’s and Reflexions upon the 
Mystery of Pentecost. 1632 SANDERSON 12 Sev. 465 God.. 
also causeth the Eccho of that word to sound in our hearts. 
x17or Swirt Contests Nobles § Com. Wks. 1755 11.1. 50 His 
folly, and his wisdom .. are all of his own growth, not the 


ECHO. 


eccho or infusion of other men. 1749 Power Numbers Poet. 
Comp. 60 The Sound is still an Eccho to the Sense. 1860 
Farrar Org t . 1, 28 A feeble echo of spinndcens, 1878 
B. Taytor fon 11. ii. 60 Was it some last echo blown 
From ended struggles? S 

6. transf. A person who reflects or imitates the 
language, sentiments, or conduct of others; one who 
assents obsequiously to the opinions of another. 

@163t Donne Poems (1650) 168 Then write, that I may 
follow, and so bee Thy debtor, thy eccho, thy foyle, th: 
zanee. 1691 Satyr agst. French 3 These Apes, Echo's 
.. of Men, S) be the tt Subject of my Pen. 1 
Swit Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 672 Clarendon, whom they reck- 
oned the faithful echo of their master’s intentions, 1841-4 
Emerson Ess. vi. Wks. (Bohn) I. 88 Better be a nettle in 
the side of your friend than his echo. 

7. Music. (See quot.) ; 

19711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4797/3 The lesser Organ .. has in it 
10 Stops and 4 Eccho’s, 1876 Hires Catech. oes i. (1878) 
4 The Echo consisted of duplicates of some of the Treble 
stops of the other Manuals. 1878 E. J. Horxins in Grove 
Dict. Mus. 1. 21 The r for ..a i were 
extended .. by the insertion of an additional short manual 
or; called the Echo. 

. Whist. (See quot. 1876.) 

1862 ‘Cavenpisn’ Whist (1879) 268 The advantages of the 
echo are manifold. 1876 A. Camppett-WaLkER Correct 
Card (1880) Gloss. 11 Echo, asking for trumps in response 
to your partner’s ask, when but for his demand you would 
not have called. . ; 

9. Comb., as echo-echoing, echo-giving ppl. adjs., 
echo-wise adv.; *echo-sound, a certain artifice 
in verse (see quot.). 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 210 Ye make one 
worde both beginne and end your verse, which therefore 
I call the slow retourne, otherwise the Eccho sound. @1626 
Br. ANDREWES Sev, xix. (1661) 385 If it come .. from Him 
to us first, and from us then to you (echo-wise). 1839 BaiLey 
Festus xx. (1848) 259 Its echo-echoing walls at a whisper 
SoH a 1856 Loucr. Sunrise Hills 25 The echo-giving 

ALIS. 

Hence Echo‘ic a., of the nature of an echo; 
E-choism, the formation of words imitative of 
natural sounds ; Echoist, one who repeats like an 
echo; E’choize v., +to repeat as does an echo 


(obs.) ; to form words imitative of sounds. 

1600 Tourneur Transf. Met. Prol. Wks. 1878 II. 187 
The ecchoized sounds of horrorie. 1880 J. A. H. Murray 
Addr, Philol. Soc.20 Onomatopeeia. I prefer to call echoism. 
. Lbid. note, Echoism suggests the echoing of a sound heard, 
and has the useful derivatives echoist, echoize, and echoic. 

Echo (e'kou), v. [f. the sb.] 

1. intr. Of places: To resound with an echo. 
Also fig. 

1596 SHaks. Tam. Shr. 1. ii. 181 Kist her lips with such 
a clamorous smacke That. .all the Church did eccho. = 
Bunyan Pilgr. 105 And at every Roar it gave, it made al 
the Valley ficcho. 1747 Hervey Medit. & Contemp. (1818) 
163 All eternity [will] echo to their triumphant acclamations, 
1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 93 Larks and nightingales 
make the sky echo with song. : 

b. Of a sound; To be repeated by echoes, give 
rise to echoes, reverberate, resound ; hence fig. of 
rumours, fame, etc. 

@ 1859 SACKVILLE in Mirr, Mag. Induct. xiii. (1563) 116 b, 
With dolefull shrikes, that eckoed in the skye. 1690 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 2532/2 This was followed by Long Live King 
Joseph, which quickly eccho'd all over the City. 1725 De 
For Voy. round W. (1840) 253 That sound echoed and 
reverberated from innumerable cavities among the rocks. 
1801 SoutHey Thalaba y. xxxii, Now the deaden’d roar 
Echoed beneath, f . 

2. trans. Of places or material objects: To re- 
peat (a sound) by echo. 

1855 Bain Senses & /nt. 11. ii. § 7 (1864)215 A sound echoed 
from many sides is made voluminous. 

4] Used for: To reflect (light). 

1822 Beppors Rom, Lily, Poems 145 Fair as .. The last 
dim star, with doubtful ray .. Echoed to the eye on water. 

3. fig. Of persons: To repeat (sounds, words) in 
the manner of an echo; to re the words of, 
imitate the style or sentiments of (another person) ; 
to play the echo to, flatter with servile assent. 
Of language, compositions, etc.: To imitate, re- 
semble (an earlier model), 

1604 Suaks. Ofh., 111. iii. 107 Othel. What do’st thou thinke? 
Jago Thinke, my 7 Othel, Thinke, my Lord? 
thou eccho’st me. 1649 Burne Eng. Jmprov. Impr.(1653) 
111 All which I Eccho with thee that possibly it may be so. 
1759 Franxuin Ess, Wks, 1840 III. 254 This rg me was 
never echoed at home. 1839 Keicutiey Hist. Eng. I1. 32 
Posterity have echoed these censures, 1876 Green Short 
Hist. vi. § 6 (1882) 333 In England Colet and More echoed, 
with greater reserve, the scorn and invective of their friends, 

b. adbsol. To repeat words like an echo. 

1880 Mas. Forrester Roy. § Viola 1. 7 Dreams, indeed, 

my dear, echoes Netta lightly. 
ce. intr. To play the echo fo. 

1637 Heywoop Dialogues u. 29 Now echo vnto me, and 
sing, Thou myne. 1702 Rowr 7amerd. 1. i. 1705, I will 
Eccho to thee, thou Adulterer, Thou dost profane the name 
of King and Soldier. 1767 Huon Kerry Badler Il. 209 
She constantly echoed to his groans, 

4. In Whist. 

1862 ‘Cavenvisn’ Whist Mang’ ada You should not echo 
a call unless you have at least four trumps. 

Echoed (e‘koud), p/. a. [f. ECHO v.+-ED.] 

1. Repeated by an echo. 

1596 Spenser F, Q.1. xii. 4 Then — trompets 
sownd on hye That sent to heven the ecchoed report. att 
T. Brown Ormond’s Recov, Wks, 1730 1. 48 The cl 


32 


and hills my echo’d ts rehearse. 1860 TyNDALL 
ppl de Fn] voices mingled strangely with 
the gusts of the wind. 
2. fg. Imitated, unoriginal 

x! 


ncn Seif-Impr. iii. 66 Books of vapid, echoed talk. 

Echoor (ekowa1). [f. as prec. + -ER.] One 

= poe nes Cl. 353 We shall be but.. the 
Review Cl. S 

ehels ft ecchiids cael han : 


1638 Drumm. or Hawrn. /rene Wks. (1711) 164 The alarms 
of trumpets and drums are not heard. .save by the ecchoing 
of the perplexed continent. 1810 Scorr Lady of L. 1. Introd., 
Some feeble ing of thine earlier lay. Mars. Brown- 
nc Poems II, 263 All echoings from out the hills. 

Echoing (e'kouin), Af/. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 

1. Of places or material objects: That rever- 
berates sounds ; characterized by or resounding with 
echoes. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 1107 A Pillard shade High over- 
arch’d and echoing walks between. 1683 Boyie Effects of 
Mot. v. 65 The better sort of our Echoing places. 1829 
Soutney Ad] for Love vu. xxxiii, The echoing ground re- 

ated the sound. 1842 Loner. Slave in Dism. Swamp v, 

ild birds filled the echoing air with songs. 

2. Of sounds or sound-producing agencies: That 
causes echoes. /i¢. and Ms. 

1702 Rowe Ambit. Step-Moth. w. iii. 1958 This way the 
Ecchoing Accents seem to come. 1725 Porr Odyss. x1x. 603 
My echoing griefs the starry vault invade. 1817 J. Scott 
Paris Revisit. 111 The echoing Bugle sounded through the 
streets of Brussels. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 108 His countrymen forsook .. Parnassus, on 
which they had once walked with echoing steps. 

3. That gives or constitutes an expected response. 

a1764 Lioyp Actor Wks. 1774 I. 13 Equipoised he stands 
Till praise dismiss him with her echoing hands. 1862 
*CavenpisH’ Whist (1879) 268 Here your partner cannot 
tell whether your card is an original or an echoing one. 

Hence E’choingly adv. 

1854 Chamb. Frnl. 1. 395 The first chords .. wandered 
echoingly round the chance 

Echoless (e‘koulés), a. [f. EcHo + -LEss.] 
That has no echo; chiefly oet. or rhet. in the 
sense ‘silent, noiseless’, 

1728 Monthly Review XXVI. 503 An aerial telegraph .. 
by means of which the voyagers [in balloons] can talk with 
each other in the echoless space. 1816 Byron Prometh. 
14 The suffocating sense of woe, Which speaks but in 
its loneliness .. nor will sigh Until its voice is echoless. 
1825 Blackw. Mag. XVIII. 440 No unfit haunting place for 
things of echoless footstep. 1868 A. J. MENKEN S Velicia 3 
That far off, echoless promise, 

b. fig. That gives no echo ; unresponsive. 

1868 Browninc Ring § Bk. x. 553 Father and mother 
stunned, and echoless To the blow. 

Echo'meter. Also 8 echometre. [f. Gr. 
xo-s sound + pérpov measure; in Fr. échométre 
(Littré).] (See quot. 1875.) 

1736 Baitey, Echometre, 1875 Branve Dict. Science 7 
In Music, a sort of scale or rule, marked with lines whi 
serve to measure the duration of sounds, and to ascertain 
their intervals and ratios. 1881 in Worcester. 

+Echometry. ?0¢s. [mod. f Gr. jxw 
Ecuo, or #xos sound +-perpia measuring. Littré 
has Fr. échométrie ‘art de calculer, de combiner 
la réflexion des sons’, =sense 1 below.] 

1. ‘ The art of making vaults or arches so as to 
produce an artificial echo.’ 3818 in Topp. 

2. The art of measuring the duration of sound, 

1847 in Craic. 

Echoy (e'koui), a. rare. [f. Econo sb.+-y.] Of 
the nature of an echo, 

1841 Blackw. Mag. 1. 587 The very beams and rafters .. 
throwing off their éxea rrepdevra in echoy sounds, 

0, obs. form of Ecuo. 

. Obs. rare—*, [Back-formation 
from next; as if ad. Fr. éclairciss-, éclaircir.] 
trans. To clear up. 

x Reece Dov (1832) 668 Till time shall accomplish 

|| Bclairci‘ssement. Forms: 7-8 ec(c)ler- 
cisment, -clarcis(e)ment. [F. ¢c/aircissement 
(eklgr,stsmah) clearing up, f. éc/airciss-, éclaircir to 
clear up. Very common in 18th c.] 

1. A clearing up or revelation of what is obscure 
or unknown ; an explanation. 

Drvyven Marr. a la Mode v.i, This éclaircissement, 
which is made this day of quality. 1716 Porr Let. in 
Lady M. W. Montague’s Lett, xxxiii. 1.117 You could give 
me great eclaircissements upon many passages in Homer. 
3751 Smottett Per, Pic. (1779) omer 2 294 Their mutual 

hh able at lat 


was 1 
Pitt in Academy No. 616. 32/2 His readiness to ee 
me any eclaircissement. 1848 Tuackeray Van. Fair xv, 
When the éclaircissement comes there will be a scene. 
2. A mutual explanation of equivocal conduct ; 
esp. in phrase, Zo come to an éclaircissement. 
@ 1674 Carenvon Hist. Red. xu. III, 243 Till the first 
eae and —_ i its — Peete oni aoe 
jueen. THEREDGE Man mL 'o get me 
to meet Loni here in order to an ecclaircisement. 1741 
Ricuarvson Pamela (1824) 1. lxxiii. 419 As soon as J yen are 
prepared to speak all that is upon your mind..then we 
may come to an eclaircissement, 1815 Scorr Guy M, xx, 


[a 


ECLECTIC. 
Such ., restraints as might prevent any engagement or 


vephces (eklee-mpsia, -si). 
ia, as if a. 


eclampsic has been also u 
1866 A. Fiunt Princ. Med. (1880) 823 Epileptiform convul- 
sions, or eclampsia .. are to be discriminated by means of 
| eine tear Pg oe Sar Len til poe + 
cl een . Soc. +» Idiocy, 
+5 of Ireland’s divisions, i 4 : that 
have followed infantile convulsions. 


| Belat (ckla:). [Fr. élat, OF. esclat, re- 
lated to élater, OF. esclater to burst, burst out. 
The senses occurring in Eng. use are taken (with 
more or less accuracy) directly from Fr. In 
18th c. and first half of the 19th c. the word was 
in much more frequent use than it has been sub- 
sqqpentiy. (Sometimes ignorantly written éc/ét.) 

i OF. esclater=Pr., Cat. esclatar is usually believed 
to be ad. WGer. *s/ait-ax, causative of *siitan; see Stir. The 
T ic sl- b in R ic scl-, to whi usual 
euphonic ¢- before initial s + cons. was afterwards prefixed. 

e Fr. sb. sense of ‘splinter’, and its early 
a o a synonymous fem. (e)sclate, is the source of Eng. 

LATE. 

+1. Brilliancy, radiance, dazzling effect (in lit. 
sense or with conscious metaphor). Oés. 

1676 Etnerepce Man of Mode i. ii. (1684) 36 The Eclat 
of so much pene? 6 ought To have charm’d me sooner. 
1749 Uvat Ruys Tour Spain & Port. (1760) 5 There was the 

test Eclat of Beauty and Finery imaginable. 1784 J. 
Eisas Lect. Art v.(1848)180 The sun is so concealed by 
clouds as to give no particular eclat to that part of the 
hemisphere. 18; preg Eber’ 5 ine ao L ¥ 183 hey 

the pol ] strike the ler e eclat of petal-like 
pac gor which their branches the covered. 

+2. Public display, ostentation; notoriety, pub- 
licity ; concr. a public pon. gage scandal, ‘scene’. 
Zo make an éclat: to ‘ e a noise in the world’, 
create a sensation. 

a 1674 CLarenvon Hist. Reb. I11, xu. 223 He was then 
a man of eclat, many servants. 1753 Hanway 7rav. 
(1762) IL. 11. i. 68 A disposition inclined to the submissive, 
is not that which makes the eclat. on Te 
FERSON Wit. (1859) IV. 114 Not to commit the «. of 


our college, by an useless act of eclat. 1823 Byron Yuan 
A Ix, With kind view pepe rear. 
3. ‘Lustre’ of reputation; social distinction ; 


celebrity, renown. Igth c. often in disparaging 
sense ; ‘ false glitter’, showy brilliancy. 

1742 Mippteton Cicero u. vi. 70 Casar.. by the eclat of 
his victories, seemed to rival fame of Pompey. 1807 
G. Grecory Dict. Arts | be I. 330/t He. .gave 
an eclat which it did not before 1823 Byron Age of 
Bronse xvi, Montmorenci .. Turns a diplomatist of great 
éclat. — Mrs. Suerwoop Lady of Manor I. x. 44 The 
glitter eclat of foreign levity. 3 

b. Conspicuous success; universal applause, 
acclamation. Chiefly in phr. with (great) éclat. 

1741 Waxsurton Div. —s II. 37 note, Professed with 
the greatest eclat. *G, Gampano’ Acad, Horsem, 41 
fe le go off with eclat. 1798 T. Jerrerson Writ. 
(1859) 1V. 250 Marshall was received here with the utmost 
eclat. 1810 Byron 7o H. Drury 3 May, We get on with 


great éclat, 

|| Eclat, v. rare. i prec.] a. intr. To burst 
forth, become known. b. ¢vans, To make notorious, 
nig ie en se 
. men In power biedared that “which they og 4 one 
another from eclating. H. Maxwet Capt. Blake 


1835 W. 
I, xv, A love affair Sich tis blundering management had 
eclated. Ibid. 111. i, Your being ec/ated in the 


Pap 


Eclectic (eklektik), a. and sé. [ad, Gr. éxAex- 
tixds selective, f. éxeAéy-ev to select.) A. adj. 

1. In ancient use, the distinguishing epithet of 
a class of philosophers who neither attached them- 
selves to any school, nor constructed 
independent systems, but ‘selected such doctrines 
as pleased them in every school’ (Liddell and 
Scott) ; Diogenes Laertius speaks of an ‘eclectic 
sect’ founded by Potamon of Alexandria in the 
second century after Christ. In mod. times this 
designation has been for similar reasons given 
or assumed by various philosophers, notably V. 
Cousin ; and it is also applied to those who com- 
bine elements derived from diverse systems of 

in any science or art, So also 
, system, etc. 

way Jone oy ife Plutarch 37 The Eclectick 
was otamon. * 

11 Clemens. . followed — 
was then call'd Eclectick, Big 


at +. some 
1828 g Entomol. xiviii. TV. 465 Era of Latreille, 
BAe lect rsp Gutticx & Timss Paint, 


sect, which 


g 


ECLECTICAL. 


181 The Eclectic, or. .the Academic style was developed. . 
by..the Caracci school. 1878 Mortey ¥. De Maistre Crit. 

isc. ror/x There were three chief schools of thought, the 
Sensational, the Catholic, and the Eclectic. 

2. More vaguely: That borrows or is borrowed 
from diverse sources. Also, of persons or per- 
sonal attributes: Unfettered by narrow system in 
matters of opinion or practice; broad, not exclu- 
sive, in matters of taste. 

1847 Disragwi Zancred u, xiv. (1871) 141 With. .an eclectic 
turn of mind, Mr. Vavasour saw a good in every- 
body. 1865 Lecxy Ration. (1878) 1. 301 The higher virtue, 
which binds men. .to endeavour to pursue an eclectic course. 
x Freeman Norm. Cong. V. xxiii. 208 The strangely 
eclectic character of Scottish royal nomenclature. 1876 M. 
Davies Unorth. Lond. 8 The - onsen in use is a tre- 
mendously eclectic one. 1879 CHurcH Sfenser 45 When 
allowance is made for an eclectic .. phraseology. tie Shep- 
herd’s Calendar is .. of great interest. 

3. In etymological nonce-uses. a. Made up of 
‘selections’. b. That selects, does not receive 
indiscriminately. 

1814 Monthly Rev. UXX1II. 462 The. .volumes are wholly 
eclectic; they contain no original matter, 1876 GLADSTONE 
Homeric = pepe 67 His mind was in the best sense eclectic, 
and he had a strong. .repugnance to the debased. 

B. sd. a. An adherent of the Eclectic school 
of philosophy. b. One who follows the eclectic 
method ; one who finds points of agreement with 

_diverse parties or schools. 

1817 CoLeripcE Biog. Lit. I. xii. 281 be certain .. Eclec- 
tics, who.. choose whatever is most plausible. 1856 R. 
VauGuan Mystics (1860) 1. 56 The Alexandrians were eclec- 
tics. W. Situ Thorndale 400 He has added to his 
title of Utopian that of Eclectic. 1886 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Eclectics, a term applied to certain medical practitioners 


in America. | ee 

Eclectical (eklektikal), a. [f. prec.+-at.] 
= EoLxcrio a, 

1862 R. Patterson Ess, Hist, & Art 82 The Eclectical 
system [in Art]—that of choosing the best points out of a 
multitude of fine forms. 

Hence Ecle‘ctically adv., in an eclectic manner. 

1844 Blackw. Mag. LV. 236 Others .. voted arbitrarily or 
eclectically, that is, by no law generally recognised. 1856 
Kincstey Misc. II. 27 They reverence ..a few.. facts eclec- 
tically picked out of the past. 

Eclecticism (eklektisiz’m). [f. Ecnxcrrc + 
-IsM.] The eclectic philosophy; the eclectic 
method applied to speculation or practice. 

1835 I. Taytor Spir. Despot. iv. 124 Abstracted selfishness 
--inits modern guise of pesoopetle eclecticism. 1836-7 Sir 
W. Hamitton Metaph, (1877) I. vi. 107 Eclecticism, con- 
ciliation, union were .. the grand aim of the Alexandrian 
school. 1838 Emerson Lit. Ethics Wks. (Bohn) II. 212 The 
French Eclecticism, which Cousin esteems so conclusive. 
188 Westcott & Hort N. 7. Gr. Il. 246 The eclecticism 
of the Syrian revisers. . 

b. concr. The product of an eclectic method. 
1841-4 Emerson Ess. Ser. 1. xii. (1876) 278 What is a man 

but a finer .. landscape than the horizon figures,—nature’s 
eclecticism? 

Eclecticize (eklektisoiz), v. [f. Ectxcric+ 
-IZE.] trans. To treat in an eclectic method ; to 
make selections from. 

1854 Maurice Mor. & Met. Philos. (ed. 2) 135 Proclus, who 
was to eclecticise and harmonise all mythologies. 

Eclectism (eklektiz’m). [ad. Fr. eclectzsme.] 
= Ecuecricism. So also Ecle‘ctist. 

hoy Ara Rev. V1. 379 After these come Domenichino 
and the Caracci, eclectism and polish. 1882 Blackw. Mag. 
May 645 An eclectist like the Caracci in painting. 

+Eclegme. Jed. Ols. Also 7 eclegm, 
eclegmat. [a. (directly or through Fr. ec/dgme) 
med.L. eclegma (gen. eclegmat-is) for ecligma, a. 
Gr. éxAerypa, f, éeAeixev to lick out.] 

‘Old term for a linctus, or form of medicine of 
a semifluid consistence, which is licked off the 
spoon’ (Syd, Soc. Lex.). 

1605 DANIEL Queene’s Arcadia m1. i. (1623) Eclegmats 
Embrochs, Lixiues, Cataplasmes, 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 
Mu. iv. 1. v. (1676) 233/2 Confections, Treacle, Mithridate, 
Eclegmes or Linctures. 1710 T. FuLLER Pharm. Extemp,27% 
No Eclegme .. can be sent directly .. into the Lungs. 

Eclipsable (¢kli:psab’l), a. [f. Eonrrsz v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being eclipsed. 

1845 J. O'Donovan /7ish Gram. 63 After the interrogative 
particle ‘an’..all verbs beginning with eclipsable con- 
sonants are eclipsed. 

+Eclipsa‘reon. Oés. [f. Eoxrpsr.] (See quot.) 

1794 G. Avams Nat. § Exp. Philos. IV. 179 A globe to 
show the phenomena of solar and lunar eclipses on all places 
of the terrestrial globe, called an eclipsareon. 1867-77 G. 
Cuamsers Astron. Voc. 915 Eclipsareon, an astronomical 
toy invented by Ferguson. 

+Eclipsa‘tion. [f. Ecurpse v. + -aTton ; in 
med.L. eclifsatio (Du Cange).] The action of 
eclipsing or state of being eclipsed. Also fig. 

1471 Ruptey Comp. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 187 Obscuratyon 
.-callyd Eclypsation, 1575 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (1884) 
93. That .. owtelandish word, Eclipsation of my absence. 
1584 Almanack, She [the moon] wyll.. continue in her 
totall Eclipsation one houre and .xx, minutes. 

Eclipse (‘klips), sd. Forms: 4 esclepis, 
(enclips), 4-7 eclips, 5-6 eclypse, (5 ecleps, 
-ypce, 6 eclip(s)is, 7 eeclipse), 4- eclipse. [a. 
OF. eclipse, esclipse, ad. L. eclipsts, Gr. Exdenfus, 

Vou. III. 


33 


noun of action f. é*Aeiwey to be eclipsed, literally 
to forsake its accustomed place, fail to appear.] 

1. Astron. An interception or obscuration of the 
light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, 
by the intervention of some other body, either 
between it and the eye, or between the luminous 
body and that illuminated by it ; as of the moon, 
by passing through the earth’s shadow; of the 
sun, by the moon coming between it and the 
observer ; or of a satellite, by entering the shadow 
of its primary. Also in phrase, Ji eclipse. For 
annular, partial, total eclipse, see those adjs. Cf. 
OccuLTATION. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 16814 Oft siths haue we sene .. esclepis 
[v. x. clipes, clyppes, clippis] of sun and mone. ¢ 1374 
Cuaucer Boeth. (1868) 133 Whan be moone is in the eclips. 
1393 Lanau. P. Pé. C. xxi, 140 Pis eclipse. bat ouer-closep 
now pe sonne, 1494 Fasyan vu. ccxlvi. 289 In ye yere of 
our Lord .xii.c.xxil,.. apered a great eclypce of the sone. 
1549 Compl. Scot. vi. (1872) 55 In the tyme of the eclipis, the 
eird is betuix the mune and the soune. 1605 SHaks. Lear 
1. ii, 112 These late Eclipses in the Sun and Moone portend 
no food to vs. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 100 ‘That fatal..bark 
Built in the eclipse. 1750 Harris Hermes(1841) 119 Oftenhad 
mankind seen the sun in eclipse. 1868 Lockyer Heavens 
258 An eclipse of Titan, 1871 Patcrave Lyr. Poems 33 
The Sun cloak’d himself in wan eclipse. 

b. ¢ransf. Absence, cessation, or deprivation of 
light, temporary or permanent ; ¢echn. the period- 
ical obscuration of the light from a light-house. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 305 A vniuersall derknes 
& eclipse was ouer all the worlde. 1563 Mirr. Mag., 
Buckhm, xciii, With fowle eclypse had reft my syght away. 
atts Mitton Samson 80 Blind among enemies .. Irrecover- 
ably dark, total eclipse. 1784 Cowper Zask mi. 736 The 
eclipse That metropolitan volcanoes make, 1830 TENNYSON 
Burial of Love, His eyes in eclipse. 1858 Merc. Mar. 
Mag. V. 186 A Fixed Red Light, varied by /Zashes pre- 
ceded and followed by short ecdzpses. : 

2. fig. Obscuration, obscurity ; dimness ; loss of 
brilliance or splendour. 

1598 Barcktey Felic. Man (1631) 645 This .. eclipse of 
Christian manners, doth presage the destruction of the 
world to be at hand. 1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. u. xxi. 
140 God oftentimes leaves the brightest men in an eclipse. 
1650 Bounds Publ, Obed. (ed. 2) 18 How knowes he .. that 
the... Power is..in an Ecclipse? argrx Ken Sexm, Wks. 
(1838) 114 Goodness has an inseparable splendour, which 
can never suffer atotal eclipse. 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 
31 When I..declare the soul’s eclipse Not the soul’s extinc- 
tion. 

+3. A fraudulent device in dice-playing ; (see 


quot.). Ods. 

171x J. Puckte Clué (1817) 19 Gamesters have the Top, 
the Peep, Eclipse [zofe, securing with the little Finger, a 
Die on the outside of the Box], Thumbing, etc. 

Eclipse (‘kli:ps), v. Forms: see prec. 5 fa. 

pple. eclippid. [f. prec. Cf. Fr. éclipser, late L. 
eclipsare.] 

+1. zztr. To suffer eclipse ; to be eclipsed. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 153 The sonne and mone eclipsen 
bots @ 1593 T. Watson Poewts (Arb.) 206 Thou neuer doest 
eclips .. thy glorie still doth waxe. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 
666 The night-hag..comes. .to dance With Lapland witches 
while the labouring moon Eclipses at their charms. 

+b. fig. Obs. 

c1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. ii. 5a, God .. can... maken princes 
eclipsen in theyr glory. x590 GREENE Poems (1861) 296 
Starry eyes, whereat my sight Did eclipse with much delight. 

2. trans. Of one of the heavenly bodies: To 
cause an obscuration of some other heavenly body, 
by passing between it and the spectator, or between 
it and the source from which it derives its light. 

¢ 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 356 The son had lost his sight ; 
Eclippid was hee. 1596 Drayton Legends1.928 The blessed 
Sunne.. Eclips’d to me, eternally appeares. 1726 tr. 
Gregory's Astron. 1. 34 The Duration of some Eclipses is .. 
so long .. as to let the Moon go the Length of three of its 
Diameters in the Shadow totally eclipsed. 1832 Nat. Philos. 
II. Zutrod. Astron. p. lii. (Usef. Knowl. Ser.) When the moon 
eclipses the sun to us, the earth is eclipsed to the moon. 

b. transf. To intercept (light) ; used ¢echz. with 
reference to an intermittent light in a lighthouse. 

1858 Merc. Mar. Mag. V. 60 It isa White Revolving Light, 
eclipsed once a minute. 

3. fig. To cast a shadow upon, throw into the 
shade ; to obscure, deprive of lustre. 

1581 R. Goan in Confer. 11. (1584) H iiij b, The glorie of it 
was..eclipsed. 1650 B. Discollim. 30 A toleration of 
errours Sy and accosting Gods Truths. 1662 DryDEN 
Wild Gall. Wks. 1725 1. 164, 1 confess I was a little eclips’d ; 
but I'll chear up. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. Il. 525 The 
ancient name was ecli by a later title. 1855 MacauLay 
Hist, Eng. U1. 351 The splendour of the House of Argyle 
had been eclipsed. 

+b. To hide, screen from. 

(life). Ods. 

1sgr SHaks. 1 Hen. IV, w.v. 53 Here I take my leaue of 
thee .. Borne to eclipse thy Life this afternoone. 1642 G. 
EnciisHam Forerunner of Rev. 3 How easily I may eclips 
myself from his power to dome harm, 1653 Cloria § Nar- 
cissus 1. 243 He was not to be ecclipsed from the eyes of the 
multitude. : _ : 

4. To render dim by comparison ; to outshine, 


surpass. Chiefly fig. 

1717 Lavy M. W. Monracue Lei?z. II. xliv. 18 Her ear- 
rings eclipsed all the rest. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxvii. 
127 The Earl of Surrey had totally eclipsed him in favour. 
1812 S, Rocers Columbus xu. 61 A spark is thrown that shall 


Also, to extinguish 


ECLIPTIC. 


eclipse the sun, 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) I. xiii. 381 
A discovery which is the glory of one age is eclipsed by the 
extension of it in another. 1870 Disrari Lothair xxxi. 
159 One must sing in a room or the nightingales would 
eclipse us, 

5. +a. To elide or omit (sounds) in pronuncia- 
tion (0ds.). b. In Irish (Gaelic, etc.) Grammar : 
To change the sound of an initial consonant 
according to euphonic laws. (In writing, the letter 
expressing the new sound is prefixed to the original 
initial which becomes silent.) See Ecripsts. 

1589 Purrennam Exg. Poesie II. xii. (Arb.) 127 If he [a 
word] goe before another word commencing with a vowell 
not letting him to be eclipsed, his vtterance is easie. 1602 
Carew Cornwall 56a, The English which they speake is 
good .. but they disgrace it..eclipsing (somewhat like the 
Somersetshire men) specially in pronouncing the names. 

Eclipsed (/klipst), f/. a. [f. prec + -ED.] 

1. Suffering from eclipse, darkened. 

1633 G, HerBert Temple, Parodie iii, No stormie night 
Can so afflict.. As thy eclipsed light. 1673 R. Heap Canting 
Acad. 130 Aneclipsed Moon. 1884 A thenxum 11 Oct. 469/1 
The absence of red colour in the eclipsed moon. 

2. transf. and fig. Obscured, ‘ in the shade’. 

1577 HotinsHEeD Chron. I. 177/1 The eclipsed state of 
England after his [king Edmund’s] death. 1666 DrypEN 
Ann, Mirab. xc, Mine shall sing of his eclipsed estate. 

+b. Enfeebled ; labouring under infirmity. (In 
quot. 1667 perhaps = é/ind). Obs. 

1607 TorseLt Four-f. Beasts 431 Those which are effemin- 
ate or defective, and eclipsed in their minde or courage. 
1667 Carte Papers(MS.) CLIV. fol. 132 b (Bodl, Libr.), The 
humble petition of William Walsh eclipsed. 

+3. = Eciipric a. Ods. 

1627 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 484 Who.. would 
make a new Zodiack, and draw his eclipsed lines through 
the East and West Indies. 

Eclipser (/klipsoz). [f. Eciirse v. + -rr.] 
One who eclipses, darkens, obscures, or outshines. 

1594 BarnFieLp A Sect, Sheph. u. xxix, Oh foule Eclipser 
of that fayre sun-shine. 1748 RicHARDSON Clarissa (1811) 
IV. xvi. 79 They confessed themselves eclipsed, without 
envying the eclipser. — 

Eclipsing (‘kli‘psin), v7. sd. [f. Ecuipsx v. + 
-INGL] a. The action of causing an eclipse. b. 
The condition of being in an eclipse. Also fg. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy m1. xxv, The name of whom shall 
.. ever yliche without eclipsing shine. a@154x Wyatt Wks. 
(1861) 49 He.. gives the moon her horns their eclipsing. 
1650 Huppert Pill Formality 61 An eclipsing .. of the 
shinings of grace. 

Ecli‘psing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 

+1. That is suffering eclipse; that is being eclipsed. 
* 1748 A. Puities Pastorads vi. 114 His Voice had power To 
free the 'clipsing Moon at Midnight Hour. 

2. That causes eclipse; that darkens, or causes 


darkness or obscurity. In quots. fg. only. 

1635 QuarLes Lydd. ut. vii. (1718) 153 O why Does thy 
eclipsing hand so long deny The manctine of thy soul-en- 
liv’ning eye? 182x SHELLEY Adonais liv, That Benediction 
which the eclipsing Curse Of birth can quench not. 1876 
Gro. Exviot Dan. Der. III. xl. 183 Despondency .. had 
floated in and hovered above him with eclipsing wings. 

3. That outshines or surpasses others. 

1660 BoyLe Seraph. Love § 2 Their greatest Accomplish- 
ments... are in that Eclipsing company, as inconspicuous 
as the faint Qualities of more ordinary persons. 

Eclipsis. Gram. [ad. Gr. éxAcufus, noun of 
action f. éxAeimev to leave out; in sense 1 perh. 
confused with e//ips7s ; in sense 2 app. suggested 
by Ecuipsz in fig. sense ‘ to obscure ’.} 

+1. An omission of words needful fully to ex- 


press the sense. Ods. 

1538 CoverDALE Prol, N. 7., The cause..is partly the 
figure called eclipsis. 1589 Purrennam Eng, Poesie ul. xiis 
(Arb.) 175 Eclipsis or the Figure of default. 

+b. (See quot.) Ods. 

1727 W. Matuer Yung. Man's Comp. 38 Eclipsis, is a piece 
ofa tis drawn to denote that some part of a Verse or Sen- 
tence cited, is left out .. As, —— ’Tis still the Miser’s Lot. 
The young Fool spends all that the old Knave got. 

2. In Irish (Sc. Gaelic, Manx) Grammar: see 


uot. 

Bere J. O'Donovan /rish Gram. 58 Eclipsis in Irish Gram- 
mar may be defined the suppression of the sounds of certain 
radical consonants, by prefixing others of the same organ. 

Eclipt, obs. form of YcLEprT. 

Ecliptic (/kliptik), a. and sd. Forms: 4-8 
ecliptick(e, -tik(e, -que, (4, 7 ece-, eclyptic(k, 
7 ecliptique, 8 eccliptic), 7- ecliptic. [ad. (di- 
rectly or through F. éc/iptigue) L. ecliptic-us, Gr. 
éxAermrixds in same sense.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to an eclipse. Zcliptic 
Zimits: the limits within which an eclipse is pos- 
sible. Zcliptic conjunction: a conjunction of sun 
and moon which results in a solar eclipse. 

1609 Hottanp Amm, Marcell. xx. iii. 145 When [the 
Sunne] himselfe and the roundle of the Moone .. are come 
to those dimensions which they usually tearme .. eclipticke 
or defective [defectivas] conjunctions ascending and de- 
scending. 1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts § Sci. u. vi. 153 These 
ecliptic Nights last but a little Time. x MASKELYNE in 
Phil. Trans. UX1. 544 The time of the ecliptic conjunction 
may be deduced. 1834 Wat. Philos. III. Astron. 93/2 (Usef. 
Knowl. Ser.) The solar ecliptic limits exceed the lunar. 

» 31678 Sir T. Hersert Mem. Chas. /, 88 (T.) In this 
ecliptick condition was the king .. sequestered in a manner 
from the comfort earth and air affords. P 


ECLIPTICAL. 


+b. Ecliptic circle, line, way = Ecuirtic sb. 
¢ 1391 Cuaucer Astrol. Prol. 3 To knowe in owre orizonte 
of any planete aftur his latitude fro the Eclip- 


tik lyne. 1594 BLunvevit Z-rerc. 1. 1. xiv. (ed. 5 You 
must have t only to CZ emotes line. <obe Houses 
Seven Prob, s. 1845 V not the earth move. 


in the ecliptic circle once 4 feos 1712 BLACKMORE Crea- 

= u. SrA) 52 oe eens thro’ th’ eccl; wey 

Setpen Laws It. xxx. (1739) 137 He w 
of the Yodlack, broad 


hes Fecenay tection at ony 


¢ of the Law. 
7 Used by “we oh for Riaaeten 
-46 Row Hist, Kirk (1842) 53 The Exercise of Pro- 
eing, or, in ecliptick expression, the Exercise of the 
inisters, 
‘8B. sb. 

1. The great circle of the celestial sphere which 
is the apparent orbit of the sun. So called be- 
cause Wa can happen only when the moon is 
on or very near this line. Sometimes put for the 


plane of the ecliptic. 

1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. ix. 208 The distance of 
the Pole circles from the Pole is iust so much as the de- 
clination of the Eclipticke from the Equatour. 1646 Sir 
T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 291 If we ii ine the Sun to make 
his course out of the Eclyptick, and upon a line without 
any obliquity. 1698 Kei, Zxam. "The. Earth (1734) 225 It 
[is] .. impossible to conceive how a Sphere can te inclin’d 
toa Plane, passing thro’ its Center as the Ecliptick does 
thro’ the Center of the Earth. 1774 Gotpsmitu Nat. Hist. 
(1862) I. iv, 13 Its equator was in the plane of the ecliptic. 
1854 Ketty & Tomuinson tr. Avago's Astron. 121 The in- 
clination of the orbit of this comet to the ecliptic is 12° 34’. 

2. The great circle on the terrestrial sphere 
which at any given moment lies in the plane of 
the celestial ecliptic. 

1819 Pantologia, Ecliptic, in geography, an imaginary 
great circle on the terrestrial globe .. falling upon the plane 
of the celestial ecliptic. 

Ecliptical (?kli:ptikal), a. [f. Ectrpric + -at.] 
Pertaining to the ecliptic; situated on the ecliptic. 

1556 Recorpe Cast. Knowl. (1556) 281 The Eclipticall 

intes, whiche be commonly called the Headde and the 

ayle of the Dragon. 1885 CLERKE ag Hist. Astron, 0 
In carrying out the work of ecliptical charting .. M. fr 
. resolved .. to have recourse to the Camera. 

sed in error for ELLIPTICAL. 

us Futke Defence A ey ) 402 When the sentence is 
eclipetcal or defective. 642 Furuen Holy & Prof. St. 1. xii. 
299 He conceives this “ On mine Honour, wraps up a 
great deal in it..and no lesse then an eclipticall oath, 
roomy God to witnesse, who hath bestowed that Honour 
upon him. 

Hence Ecli‘ptically adv., in the direction of 
the sun’s (apparent) annual motion in the ecliptic. 

1658 Six T. Browne Gard. Cyrus, The flower twists 
Aequinoctionally from the left hand to the right..the stalk 
twineth ecliptically from the right to the left. 

+ Eclipti-city. Ods. rare—'. 

1747 Carte //ist. Eng. 1. 68 Discoveries, with regard 
to the eclipticity of the Zodiac. 

Eclogite (eklodzait). A/in. Also 9 eclogyte, 
eklogite. [f. Gr. éAoyn selection; see quot. 
1822.] A metamorphic rock, consisting of granu- 
lar garnet and hornblende, with grass-green sma- 


ragdite (Dana Man. Geol. (1880) 74). 

(1822 Haiiy Minéralogie IV. 548 Diallage, Espéce unique : 
Eclogite, d’ éxAoyn choix, parce que les composans de cette 
roche n’étant pas de ceux qui existent plusieurs ensemble 
dans les roches primitives ..semblent s’étre choisis pour 
faire bande & part.) 1852 Tu. Ross tr. Humboldt’s Trav. 
III. xxix. 169 Feldspar with a basis of souda..forms..with 
ae arnet, eclogyte. 1 Lawrence tr. Cotta’s Rocks Class., 

his rock, to which Haiiy gave the name of eklogite, is 
“Eo! very firm and coherent. 

clogue (eklpg). Forms: 6-8 eglog(ue, (6, 
9 —— -ge), 6- eclogue. [ad. L. ecloga, a. 
Gr. éxdovh selection, f.  higand to select. 

The spelling aglogue (medL. wgloga, Fr, bi - was 
associated with a fanciful derivation z hon aif, aiy-ds goat 
(as if ‘ discourse of goatherds’).] 

1. A short poem of any kind, esp. a pastoral 
dialogue, such as Virgil’s Bucolics. 


14 Barcray C plondyshm. (headin, p The e 
Ea 4 of. Alncmgse lo ae. of the rs k vont ta 
1579 E. K. in 5S; Arg. § 2 be 
not termed Ze age = FLonio and Fruites Ep. 

1, Some. how to. he their with 


ene ma = and sonnets. 1605 CAMDEN jos 172 His 


1613 R. C. Zable A (ed. 3), & a talki 
an eee Serm. se The bo 
| om in the about going 


3. attrib., also mae wise oe as in an eclogue. 
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1613) 21 Which occasion to 
Histor and Damon . «to bak oor vy Batis some other of 
their poe in eclogue wise. 


of the nature of, an eclogue or pastoral poem. 
18.. Barnes Poems Dorset Dial. * poems ., fill my 
heart wi’.. The most ecloguey thoughts they do! 


, etron, form of EXCLUDE v. 


1681 R. Knox /ist. Ceylon 66 He is utterly ecluded from 
his family, 


34 


Eeness, -nyss, var. of ECHENESS, Obs. 
+ Ecord, int. Ods. of Eaan, egod, AGAD, 
q.v.] Used as a mild ee 
aap: Don viii, "Ecod ! it runs in my 
re Sueriwan Trip Sea m1. pf It’s well I have 
a hus! acoming, or ec! baker. 
Dickens Mut. Fr. xiv. 371 Ecod, Pens bee Pour 

+ "macy. Olds. rare. In 7 ceconomacy. 
[f L. a@conom-us (ad. Gr. olxovédpos steward) + 
-acy.] The position or office of being ‘ 
ceconomus’ or controller of ecclesiastical 

1651 C. Cartwricut Cert. Relig. 1. ug Fevers of 
Protestants against the ceconomacy of the Bi of Rome. 

Economic (zkong'mik), a. For forms cf. 
Economy. [ad. L. economicus, <r" Gr. oixovopurds, 
f. olxovépos; see Economy’and -10. The Fr. 
économique is of earlier date, and may have been 
the first source of the Eng. word.] 

1. +a. Pertaining to the ent of a house- 
hold, or to the ordering of private affairs (ods.) 
b. Relatin: rivate income and expenditure. 

1592 Sir Joun Davies /mmort. Soul xii. (1697) 52 Doth 
— her Oeconomick Art .. her Household to preserve. 

rat Bench oe (1634) 111 In this Oeconomicke or 
heedhola order. Drayton Agincourt 212 A man of 
naturall codnies: - whose courses..serue me for Oecono- 
mike booke. 1650 Row //is?. Kirk (1842) 193 on a 
them in oeconomick & naturall morall duties. ALE 
Crt. Gentiles 1, ut. i. 17 Oeconomic Poesie . os . Politic 
Poesie .. had their Original from Moses’s Oeconomics, and 
Politics. 1791 Cowrer Odyss, xix. 408 That I in wisdom 
ceconomic aught Pass other women, 1831 CarLyLe Sart. 
Res, (1858) 77 Landlords’ Bills, and other economic Docu- 
ments. — Sterling 1.ix.(1872) 55 His outlooks into the future, 
whether for his spiritual or economic fortunes, were confused. 

Relating to the science of economics ; mera 
to the development and regulation of the mate 
resources of a community or nation. 

1835 I. Tayior Sfir. Desfot. ii. 70 The economic ex; 
ment. 1863 Fawcett Pol. Econ. 1. iv. 35 Principles w ich 
will enable us to investigate economic problems. 1883 
Manch, Exam. 22 Nov. 5/3 M. Leroy-Beaulieu..one of the 
ablest writers on economic subjects. 

b. Maintained for the sake of profit. Also, 
Connected with the industrial arts. (The former 
title of what is now the ‘Museum of Practical 
Geology’ was ‘ Museum of Economic Geology’.) 

1854 BADHAM //adieut. 36 The advantages to be derived 
from economic fish-ponds. Mod, The many economic ap- 
plications of electricity. 

3. Thrifty, careful, saving, sparing. Ods. 

1755 H. WALPOLE Mem. Geo. 11, 11. 96 We should be eco- 
nomic, 180x Mar. EpGewortH Belinda vi. (1832) I. 112, I 
never saw any one so economic of her smiles, 

+4. Economic Rat: a transl. of A/us econo- 
micus, a name given by Linnzus to a burrowing 
rodent found in Siberia and Kamtchatka (now 
called Arvicola aconomus). Obs. 

1802 BincLey Anim. Biog. (1813) 1. 378 The migrations of 
the Economic Rats, are not less extraordinary. 

5. Pertaining to‘ economy’ in religious teaching, 
or to ‘economy of truth’. Cf. Economy 6. 

{x815 J. C. Hopnouse Substance of some Letters (1816) I. 

11 That species of writing called by Voltaire, the ceconomic 
style, or an expedient falsification of facts.] 1852 Ropert- 
son Serm, Ser. tv. vi. (1863) I. 34 His economic manage- 
ment of Truth. I use this word though it may seem pedantic. 

6. Pertaining to a dispensation, or method of 
the Divine government. Cf. Economy 5 b. 

31817 G.S. Faser Eight Dissertations (x84) L 31 Jacob 
avs to ae agent the. .economic title of The Angel. 

Si 

+1. The art or science of managing a house; 
housekeeping. Ods. 

_1393 Gower nf. III. 141 That noe which to 
tique Belongith, is economique. Butter Fem, 
Sapein Ki aah As well in Musick as there must 


Wac laa L. aconomica, Gr. 7a olxovopixd), 
he science or art of managing a house- 
hold a treatise on that subject. Ods. 

Cocan Haven Health (1636) 16 Aristotle .. in his 
THERBY Atheom. U1. xiv. feceens exe day, aut Fo- 
hath three Pccadsaiet Gessnoes ii- 


be (x62 Bh. Discip. Ch. Scot. 43 Ethica, 
Politica. ] fo Rice tpeel ys 39 . See. xix. 123 The a prac- 
1770 I 


tical ones of Politicks and 
Plutarch (1879) 11. 586/2 Economics, so far as they regard 
only inanimate thing: res vou S the low purposes of gain ; 
but where they gs they rise higher. 


b. The art of regulatl ic aes and expendi- 
ture ; also, pecuniary position. 

WBsx Canviz play Fol iv. tous and doug 
se = the Original more Sonat beet 11 
of Protea 

c. The science relating to the production ka 
distribution of material wealth; sometimes used 
as equivalent to political economy, but more fre- 
quently with reference to practical and specific 
Pe peng ey Sometimes ified by an adj. pre- 

— as in Rural Economics. a the condition 
of a country with he oom to mate’ 

1792 A. Youm ‘vance 176 He. gro apa 
me..to Tour D’Aigues to wait on The baron... whose essays 
are among the most valuable on rural ceconomics. 1839 


to.. 
PB. One ho understands Sexi of hoa 


hing ent = Pater sags taf den Ieee eee 
for matter of good husbandry. 
oy “ied Hit Hist. An administrator of the revenues 
of a vacant benefice [=med.L. economus)]. Obs. 
‘ounc. Trent (1676) 611 e 


Economical (zkongmikil), a. Forms: see 
gg ate eek steele f. as povectiottJ 


Poe Fann a household or its management ; 
prevails in a household. arch. 
pire wotte of, 1g86T. B, eh other ceconomical 
matter on woes wotte of, Sy and Fr. Acad. 
1 493 Ccommpsiedh ciate tan” is.. the art of ruling a house 
1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus i i. 6 Those priuate ver- 
tues. .concerne his 1680 Sir R. 
Firmer Patriarcha ii. § 2 Adam had only economical 
——, but not political. cat Hartiey Observ. Man Liv. 
425 (Economical first d the 
Ratio’s of Doors, Winters 
b. Pertaining any pasion 
_jias-45 pa Scher os (ed, 2) 2 M economical 
render it am for mae Gord much. 
“2. Pertaining to, or concerned with, the develop- 
ment of material resources ; relating to political 
economy. Cf. Economy 3. 

1781 Gispon Decl. & F. Il. xxxi. 173 The economical 
writers of antiquity .. recommend the former method. 1 
Burke Fr. Rev. ys Cc ee ‘eS 

s of our ceconomical politicians, are themselves perhaps 
ut creatures, a Condorcet 43 Why did not 
France sink under economical disorders ? 
b. =Economic 2 b. 
r ro France 210 He had the direction 
1822 Imison Sc. SArt IL. 28 
wore very im this 


gy em ha’ 
been made ly Count Rumford to econombeal p “4 
1856 Emerson Eng. Traits v.99 Bakewell canted’. besals 
in which every thing is omi) it what is economical. 
haracterized by, or tending to economy; of 

persons ; saving, thrifty; op to wasteful. Cf. 
Economy 4. 

1780 Burke Sf. oC 17 An ceconomical 
constitution is a basis for 


ministration, 1837 TuirtwaLt Greece IV. xxxii. 228 The 
more economical jon of the public revenue, 1851 
Carrenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 259 use of ae flesh 


princi le of diet .. far fi 
Pail mg “al Inte Prim, Bat 89 ro at 
economical 


not work in an way. 1880 L. Srernen Pope 
iv. 92 Ill ive of his I habits. 


4. =Economic 5. 


5. a. Pertaining to a dispensation; cf. Economy § b. 
b. P to an o tion ; cf. Economy 8. 


o 1. 7, the economical 
Leela adv. [f. prec. 
In an economical manner. 
reference to, or from the point of view 
science. 


‘1 Those resources the 
1844 H, H, Witson 


Yada ¢ aL ‘bject’ might be attained .. 

(1845-8) * eine a egy oe 

Governor. Bop Cssclt's ro WV. 415/2 Labour 
be economically carried ou! 


Gen ee ee ee ee 

mically, 1817G. S, Farr Light Le 
Father. . economically his “por 

Maes of the Word. 1864 J. 1 eens A fol. 
system which is of is economically 

sacramen connected with the more momentous system. 

(see Economy) +-18t. Cf, 3] 

+1. One who manages a 3 a house- 


keeper. Ods, or arch. 


Me 


ECONOMIZATION. 


1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1.(1594) 100 A prudent 
man. .may first become a good oeconomist, that is, a governor 


& father of a familie. ¢ 1645 Howext Left. (1650) I. 99 Mr. 
Penry..will prove a good husband, and a great ceconomist. 
Q 


ILKES Corr, (1805) II. 219, I am got into lodgings of 
my own, and will endeavour to be as good an ceconomist as 
my villainous nature will let me. 1857 Rusxin Pod. Econ. 
Art 11 The perfect economist or mistress of a household. 

2. A manager in general; one who attends to 
the sparing and effective use of anything, esp. of 
money. Const. of. 

1710 Suartess. Charac, ut. § 1. (173 Ni 372 O wise 
Oeconomist..whom all the Elements ak ‘owers of Nature 
serve! 7 STEELE Sfect. No. 64 ? 2 He is a good Oecon- 
omist in his extravagance. 1725 BrapLey Fam. Dict. 11. 
s. v. Lime, Every good Oeconomist will purchase as..cheap 
ashecan. 1824 J. Jonnson 7yfogr. I. 553 He a pears to 
have been but an indifferent ceconomist. 1841 D'Israe.t 
Amen, Lit. (1867) 47 [He] was such a rigid economist of 
time, that every hour was allotted to its separate work. 

3. One who practises or advocates saving. 

1758 Herald u. 199 No. 27 He is an ceconomist in his ex- 

mces. 177% H. Mackenzie Max Feel. xxxvi. (1803) 72 

is aunt was an economist. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 11. 
420 An Italian..must be a rigid economist. 1868 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. (1876) 11. vii. 115 Economists who pressed for 
the reduction of the ew expenditure. fi 

4. A student of, or writer upon, economics or 
political economy. 

1804 Eart Lauperp. Publ. Wealth (1819) 354 To the 
economists commerce ought to have appeared a direct means 
of increasing wealth. 1827 WHATELEY Logic (1836) 393 The 
great defect of. .our own economists in general, is the want 
of definitions. 1866 RoGers Agric. § Prices I. Pref., Those 
facts which form the special study of the economist. 

b. More fully, Political Economist. 

1825 Miss Mirrorp in sees Life Il. x. 197 He 
[Mr. Monck] is a great Grecian and a great political econo- 
mist. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 326 David Hume 
.-one of the most profound political economists of his time. 

e. One of the school of ‘Economistes’ (who 
flourished) in France in the 18th c. 

1776 ApAM Situ W. N, ww. ix, A... considerable sect, 
distinguished in the French republic of letters by the name 
of ‘The Economists’. 1 Buckie Civilis. Il. vii. 328 
Soon after 1755 the economists effected a schism between 
the nation and the government. 1878 Mortey Condorcet 
33 As a thinker he is syd classed as an Economist. 

conomization (‘kg:ndmizé'fon). [f. next + 
-ATION.] The action or process of economizing 
(force, material, etc.). 

1866 Even. Standard 13 July 3 The economisation of the 
elements of electricity. 1885 Manch. Exam. 26 May 4/5 
A great economisation of the commercial processes, 

conomize (¢kpndmaiz), v. [f. Gr. olxovdp-os 
(see Economy) + -1ZE.] 

+1. intr. To act as the governor of a household. 

1648 Mitton Tenure Kings (1650) 41 The power ..to.. 
ceconomize in the Land which God hath given them, as 
Masters of Families in their Houses. ; 

+2. trans. To arrange, constitute, organize. Ods. 

= Bevertey Thous. Years Kingd. Christ 12 So shall 
the Divine Person .. Oeconomize .. the Lustre of its Glory. 
Jbid. 18 The Throne of God .. is so Oeconomiz’d as to be 
distinct. ; ee 

8. To use sparingly ; to effect a saving in. 

1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk, 1. 122 He is calculating how he 
shall economize time. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men vi. Napol. 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 371 He never economized his ammunition 
but. .rained a ‘torrent of iron. .to annihilate all defence. 

b. To procure the funds for anything by econ- 
omy or saving. Somewhat rare. 

1849-50 ALison Hist. Europe I. iii, § 82, 341 Her.. 
charities. .were economised from her own personal revenue. 

4. intr. To practise economy ; to spend money 
more sparingly than before. 

1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 219 CEconomising on prin- 
ciples of justice and mercy. 1843 Mrs. Carry.e Lett. 
xl. (1883) I. 217 Light is one of the things I do not like to 
economise in. 1845 M¢Cuttocn Jawxation 1. iii. (1852) 95 
When wages fall. .the poor..are obliged to economise. 

5. trans. To turn to account, turn to the best 


account; to apply to industrial purposes. 

1832 Hr. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 117 It must be 
for man’s advantage to economize this power. 1857 RusKIN 
Pol. Econ. Art i. (1868) 6 How this labour may .. be.. 
economized, so as to produce the richest results. 1863 
A. Ramsay Phys. Geol. (1878) 606 Who knows. .what motive 

wers may .. be economised other than those that result 
ow the direct application of heat. 1872 Yeats Techn. 
Hist. Comm. 366 (Machinery’s) object is to economise force 
supplied from without. 

ence Eco'nomized Af/. a. 

1875 Wuitney Life Lang. vi. 106 These are already 
economized alterations of something still more primitive. 

Economizer (/kg'ndmoi:zar). [f. prec. +-ER}.] 
One who or that which economizes. 

1. One who makes money go a long way; one 
who effects saving in expenditure. 

1840 Dickens Old C. Shop (1867) 281 Sarah is as good an 
economiser as any going. 1886 Pall Mall Budget Z Jan. 
4/2 He was a most rigid economizer who spent a halfpenny 
in tar, but when the ship foundered his economy was not 
much appreciated even by himself. 

2. One who practises ‘economy of truth’, 

1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 86 The modern econo- 
miser keeps back his opinions or d bles the g ds of 
them. $ £ ‘ 

8. Mech. An appliance of any kind intended to 
effect a saving, esf. of heat or fuel. Also attrib. 

18.. Chambers’ Encycl. s.v. Caloric Engine, (Economy of 


35 


fuel] is effected by a ‘regenerator,’ or more properly, 
‘economizer’. 1884 Health Exhib, Catal, 64/2 Fire Econo- 
miser for ordinary grates. 1885 Manch. Exam. 3 Jan. 
* A boiler in the economiser house exploded. 
conomizing (#kp'ndmai:zin), vd/. sd. [f. as 
rec, + -ING1, he action or process: a. of turn- 
: LD 
ing to account for industrial purposes; b. of 
‘using with reserve and to the best effect. 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 214/2 The appliances 
for the economising of water. 1881 Athenzum 17 Sept. 
364/2 Work, which a slight economizing of his boundless 
materials might..expedite. 

Economy (kg‘ndmi). Forms: 6 econ-, yco- 
nomie, 7 ceconomie, (7, 8 sconomy), 7-9 ceco- 
nomy, 7-economy. [ad. L. economia, ad. Gr. 
oixovopia, f. oixovduos one who manages a house- 
hold (usu. sfec. a steward), f. ofo-s house + -vdpos, 
f. vénew to manage, control. The Gr. olxovdpos 
was adopted in classical Lat. as aconomus, but 
seems to have been re-introduced into med.L. from 
contemporary Gr. (in an ecclesiastical sense) with 
the phonetic spelling yconomus, whence the early 
Fr. and Eng. yconomie as forms of this word. 

In Christian Latin the accepted transl. of oixovouia was 
dispensatio (cf, L. dispensator = Gr. oixovduos steward) ; 
hence in certain Theol, senses economy and dispensation 
are used convertibly.] 

I. Management of a house; management gene- 
rally. 

+1. The art or science of managing a household, 
esp. with regard to household expenses. Ods. exc. 
in phrase Domestic economy. 

1530 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 29 ‘The Doctrynal 
Princyplis and Proverbys Yconomie, or Howsolde keepyng. 
[1580 Nortu Plutarch 303 A part whereof is Oecono- 
mia, commonly called House-rule.] 1673 Marvett Reh. 
Transp. 11. 255 You have contrary to.. good ceconomy made 
a snow-house in your upper Roome. 

b. The manner in which a household, or a 
person’s private expenditure, is ordered. arch. 

1710 STEELE Jatler No. 50 P 3 His Equipage and Oeco- 
nomy had something in them..sumptuous. @1723 Mrs. 
CENTLIVRE Artifice 1v. (D.) He ought to be very rich, 
whose ceconomy is so profuse. 1727 Pore 7h, Var. Subj. 
in Swift’s Wks. 1755 II. 1. 229 Three great ministers, who 
could exactly compute..the accompts of a kingdom, but 
were wholly ignorant of their own ceconomy. 1788 Priest- 
Ley Lect, Hist. v. xlix. 372 Impertinence .. to watch over 
the ceconomy of private people. 1825-45 CARLYLE Schiller 
u. (ed. 2) 70 If you could find me any person that would 
undertake my small economy. 

+c. concr. A society ordered after the manner 
of a family. Ods. 

1751 WesLry Ws. (1872) II. 249 At Holbeck we..had an 
economy of young men. — 

+d. The rules which control a person’s mode of 
living ; regimen, diet. Ods. rare. 

1735 BarseER in Sw7ft’s Lett. (1768) IV. 85 The ceconomy 
you are under must necessarily preserve your life many 
years. 

2. In a wider sense: The administration of the 
concerns and resources of any community or es- 
tablishment with a view to orderly conduct and 
productiveness ; the art or science of such admin- 
istration. Frequently specialized by the use of 
adjectives, as Domestic, Naval, Rural, etc. So 
+ Charitable Economy [in Fr. économie charitable) : 
the management of charitable institutions. 

165 Hoses Leviath. u. xxiii. 124 Special Administration 
..at home, for the Oeconomy of a Common-wealth, 1691 
T. H[ave], Acc. New Invent. 117 Of Naval Oeconomy or 
Husbandry. 1730 A. Gorpon Maffei’s Amphith. 344 
*Twould have been bad Oeconomy to make such an use of 
them [Cushions]. 1772 Pennant Zours Scott. (1774) 194 
Rural zconomy is but at a low ebb here. 1778 RoBeRTSON 
Hist. Amer. 1, tv. 320 The functions in domestic ceconomy 
are many, which fall to the share of women. 1801 Mrs. 
Trimmer (¢7¢Ze), Oeconomy of Charity, or an address to 
Ladies adapted to the present state of charitable institu- 
tions. 1863 P. Barry (¢ét/e), Dockyard Economy and Naval 
Power. 1866 Rocrrs Agric. § Prices I. xix. 455 Articles... 
employed in the. .economy of agricultural operations. 

b. esp. Management of money, or of the finances. 

Wa. Betrerton in Oldys Zxg. Stage 11.7 It was not the 
only erroneous Instance of his Osconomy. 1796 Burwe Let. 
Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 23 A system of ceconomy which 
would make a random expence. .not easily practicable. 

3. Political Economy (transl. Fr. économie poli- 
tique]: originally the art or practical science of 
managing the resources ofa nation so as to increase 
its material prosperity; in more recent use, the 
theoretical science dealing with the laws that regu- 
late the production and distribution of wealth. 

Sir J. Stewart (¢é#/e), An Loy cant into the Principles 
of Political Economy, 1776 Avam Smitu W. N. 1, Introd. 
II. 3 Political ceconomy..proposes two distinct objects. .to 
provide a plentiful revenue or subsistence for the people .. 
and. .to supply the state..with a revenue sufficient for the 
publick services, 1825 MeCuttocn Pol. Econ.t. § 1.1 Poli- 
tical Economy is the science of the laws which regulate the 
production, distribution, and consumption of those articles 
or products which have exchangeable value, and are either 
necessary, useful, or agreeable to man. a@ 1830 Sir J. Sin- 
cLair Corr, (1831) IL. 125 The French have long distin- 
guished themselves by their knowledge of political economy. 
1868 Rocers Pol. Econ. i. (ed. 3) 2 The subject of a treatise on 
political economy is, the services which men render to each 
other; but those services only on which a price can be put. 


ECONOMY. 


4. Careful management of resources, so as to 
make them go as far as possible. 

a. with reference to money and material wealth : 
Frugality, thrift, saving. Sometimes euphemis- 
tically for: Parsimony, niggardliness. 

1670 Corton Esfernon 1. u. 62 Men have.. been very 
liberal in their censure of the Duke’s Oeconomy. a 1674 
Crarenvon Hist. Reb, x. (1704) III. 88 Nor was this 
Oeconomy well liked even in France. 1762-71 H. WaLroLe 
Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 162 The luxury of Britain 
did not teach him [Holbein] more oeconomy han he had 
practised in his own country. 1770 Jas. Harris in Priv. Lett. 
1st Ld. Malmesbury \. 196 There can be no independence 
without ey 1863 Froupe //ist. Eng. VII. 5 The 
economy with which [Q.] Mary had commenced her reign 
had been sacrificed to superstition. 

b. concr. An instance or a means of saving or 
thrift ; a saving. 

1788 T. Jerrerson Wit, (1859) II. 389 The suppression 
of the packets is one of the economies in contemplation. 
1868 Rocrers Pol. Econ. xiii. (1876) 1o Improved breeds of 
horses, cattle .. are really economies. 1876 Times 4 Oct., 
[The Railway Company] has only been saved from utter 
bankruptcy by economies. : ; 

ce. with reference to immaterial things, as time, 
personal ability, labour, etc. 

1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids vi.275 The economy shown 
by nature in her resources is striking. 1875 Hamerton /xtel/. 
Life u1. vii. 107 To read a language that has been very im- 
perfectly mastered is felt to be a bad economy of time. 

II. 5. Zheol. The method of the divine govern- 
ment of the world, or of a specific department or 
portion of that government. 

1660 Jer. Taytor Worthy Commun. i. § 1. 28 All this is 
the method and Oeconomy of heaven. 1725 tr. Dupin's 
Ecc. Hist. 1. v. 127 The whole Oeconomy of our Salvation 
might be the better represented. 1814 CHamers Zuid. Chr. 
Revel. i. 15 That particular scheme of the divine economy 
which is revealed to us in the New Testament. 1879 FARRAR 
St. Paud II. 226 The true theological position of the Law— 
its true position, that is, in the Divine economy of salvation. 

b. esp. A ‘dispensation’, a method or system of 
the divine government suited to the needs of a 
particular nation or period of time, as the AZosaic, 
Jewish, Christian economy. 

1664 H. More Afyst. [nig. 516 Apol., Tending to the 
greater ornament and completeness of the Christian Oeco- 
nomy. 1 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) 1V. 256 The Oceco- 
nomy of Faith should go before that of Vision. 1710 
Pripeaux Orig, Tithes ii. 58 The Mosaical Oeconomy. 
1841 Myers Cath. Th. 1. § 4. 13 This Egyptian influence 
in the Mosaic Economy has been largely over-rated. 1862 
Goutsurn Pers, Relig. 97 The Economy of Grace. 1871 
Macpourr Mem. Patmos viii. 100 ‘The twofold song descrip- 
tive of both economies. 

III. 6. a. Zheol. [after Gr. olxovoyia in the late 
sense ‘politic administration’.] The judicious 
handling of doctrine, z.e. the presentation of it in 
such a manner as to suit the needs or to con- 
ciliate the prejudices of the persons addressed. 
b. This sense has been (by misapprehension or 
word-play) often treated as an application of 4. 
Hence the phrase economy (as if ‘cautious or 
sparing use’) of truth, 

Newman’s history of the Arians (1833) contained a section 
on the use of ‘the Economy’ by the Fathers. The word 
was eagerly caught up by popular writers and used con- 
temptuously, as if it were a euphemistic name for dishonest 
evasion; in this sense it is still freq. met with. The sense 
of oixovozia to which Newman referred occurs freq. in 
Chrysostom and Gregory Nazianzen; e.g. the former, com- 
menting on the words ‘vain deceit’ (Cod. ii. 8) says that 
some deceits are good, e.g. that practised by Jacob, which 
was ovK amaty GAA’ oixovoxzia not a fraud but an ‘economy ’. 
The ecclesiastical use of the word occurs in Fr. writers of 
the 17th and 18th c., and was ridiculed by Voltaire; hence 
the appearance of b so early as 1796. See also Economic a. 5. 

a. 1833 J. H. Newman Arians i. § 3 (1876) 65 The 
Economy is certainly sanctioned by St. Paul in his own 
conduct. To the Jews he became as a Jew, etc. 1841 
— Tracts for Times xc. (ed. 4) 83 What was an economy in 
the reformers, is a protection to us. 1885 E. S. Froutkes 
Prim, Consecration iv. 93 Whether S. Cyril pushed his 
economy—or, as it would now be called, his diplomacy— 


too far. 

b. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 208 Falsehood 
and delusion are allowed in no case whatever. But. .there 
is an ceconomy of truth..a sort of temperance, by which a 
man speaks truth with reason that he may continue to speak 
it the longer. Mod. ‘I do not impute falsehood to the 
Government, but I think there been considerable 
economy of truth’. 

IV. Organization, like that of a household. 

7. The structure, arrangement, or proportion of 
parts, of any product of human design. . 

+a. spec. of a poem, play, etc. [Immediately 
from Gr. and Lat.] Ods. 

167 Mitton Samson Introd., Such ceconomy or dis- 
position of the fable as may stand best with .. decorum. 
1697 Dryven Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) I. 91 In this .. CEco- 
nomy of a Poem, Virgil much excells Theocritus. 

b. gen. 

1734 Watts Relig. Fuv. ( 1789) 217 An odd sort of elegance 
in the oeconomy of her table. 1730 A. Gorpon wth bad 
Amphith, 311 The Crossings of Stairs .. would confound 
the O y of the Building. 175: Smotietr Per. Pic. 
(1779) II. xxxvii. 21 The ceconomy of the table was recom- 

. 4756 Corman & THorNTON Connoisseur No. 1053 
hat the oeconomy of the beaufait .. may not be disarranged. 


8. In wider sense: The organization, internal 
5-2 


ECONTRARY. 


constitution, apportionment of functions, of any 
complex unity. 
+a. of the Trinity. Ods. 

1592 tr. Funius on Rev. iv. 2 According to the ceconomie 
or dispensation thereof [of the divine essence]. 1660 JER. 
TayLor Worthy Commun. i. § 3. 46 For now we are to con- 
sider how his natural body enters into this ceconomy and 
dispensation. 1720 Watertann Eight Serm. 268 This 
Order and Oeconomy, observable in the Persons of the 
Sacred Trinity. 3 

b. of an individual body or mind. Sometimes 
concr. (like ‘system”) for the body as an organized 
whole. 

1660 Bovte New Exp. Phys. Mech. (1682) 176 The whole 
Oeconomy of the body. a1704 T. Brown Praise of Pov. 
Wks. 1730 I. 95 The whole oeconomy of their brain is cor- 
rupted. 1752 Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) 1. 192 With regard 
to the ceconomy of the mind. .all vice 1s indeed pernicious. 
1880 J. W. Lec Bile 193 An effort of the ceconomy to eject 
the poison. . : A Boe 

c. of the material creation or its subdivisions, 
as in phrases, animal, vegetable economy, economy 


of nature. 

1658 R. Wuite tr. Dighy's Powd. Symp. (1660) 53 Within 
the course and ceconomy of nature. 1710 Suartess. Charac, 
mu. § 1 (1737) Il. 1 19 An Animal-Order or Oeconomy, 
according to which the Animal Affairs are regulated and 
dispos’d. 1794 Martyn Roussean’s Bot, Introd. 2 They.. 
had no idea..of the vegetable oeconomy. 1813 Sir H. 
Davy Agric. Chem. v. (1814) 209 Water is absolutely neces- 
sary to the economy of vegetation. 1825 WATERTON Wand. 
S. Amer. . ii. 174 We will retire to its forests to collect and 
examine the economy of its most rare and beautiful birds. 

d. of human society as a whole, or of any par- 


ticular community. 


1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. (1682) 16 Nor will [heads | 


that are disposed unto schism] be ever confined unto the 


order or ceconomy of one body. 1651 Hospes Govt. & Soc. | 


v. § 2. 75 In old time there was a manner of living, and as 
it were a certain ceconomy..living by Rapine. 1712 Sfect. 
No. 404 ? 1 In the Dispositions of Society, the civil 


(Economy is formed in a chain as well as the natural. 1815 | 


Dk. York Let. in Gurw. Disp. Wellington X. 4 Your ..at- 
tention must..be directed to..the interior economy of the 
different corps. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn, Educ. 1V. 67/2 This 
real value in the economy of society is not disparaged. 

+ Econtrary, adv. Obs. rave—'. [f. L. e con- 
trario in same sense.] Contrariwise, vice versa. 

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, xix. § 11 That no persone that ys 
rated for landes..be sette or taxed for his goode and catelles 
moveables neythere econtrary. 

+ Econverse, adv. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. e con- 
verso of same meaning.] Conversely. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health ceviii. 71 b, That reason may 
knowe the truth from the falshod and so econverse. 

|| Ecossaise. [F. écossazse fem. adj. ‘Scotch’. 
Cf. ScHorriscHE.] (See quot.) 

1863 E. Paver Programme 27 Apr., A lively dance tune 
in 2/4 time. In older music the Ecossaise was in 3/4 slow 
time, and was sometimes used for the Andante. 

Ecostate (‘kp'stct), a. [f. E- prefi3 +L. costa 
tib+-ATE.] (See quot.) 

1866 Treas. Bot., Ecostate, not having a central or 
strongly-marked rib or costa. 

|| Ecoute (ckat). AZi/. [F. écoute (f. écouter to 
listen) an excavation, in which a miner can listen 
for the working of the enemy’s miners.] (See quot.) 

1815 Hutton PAil. § Math. Dict. 1. 282 Catacoustics, .. 
are écoutes or small galleries..in front of the glacis ofa 
fortified place, all of which communicate with a gallery that 
is carri rallel to the covert-way. . 

|| Evep. is. (Gr. éxpacis declaration, f. stem 
either of éxpaivey to show forth, or of éepava: to 
tell forth. Cf. EcpHrasis. (See quot.) 

1706 Puitiirs, Ecphasis (in Rhet.) a plain declaration or 
interpretation of a thing. 1775 in Asn; and in mod. Dicts. 

|| Ecphonema (ekfon7‘ma). Rhet. [Gr. éepa- 
nya, f. éxpavé-ew to cry out.] (See quot.) 

1736-1800 Baitey, Ecphonema, a rhetorical figure, a 
bi ing out of the voice, with some interjectional particle. 
1775 in Asu ; and in mod. Dicts. 

|| Ecphone’sis. Also 6 ecphonisis. R/et. 
[Gr. éxpdvnors, f. as prec.) Exclamation, an ex- 
clamatory phrase. 

1§89 Putrennam Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 221 Ecphonisis, the 
figure of exclamation. .it vtters our minde by all such words 
as do shew any extreme passion. 1642 Joun Eaton /oney- 


combe of free Fustif. 318 The Ecph or ion of 


Chrysostome upon this plea. zx J. Greenwoon Eng. 
Gram. $6 Ee Loud ‘Readeion s wenderand weg 
ation .. is marked thus (!. 127x5 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey. 1778 in Asx; and in mod. Dicts. 

| Ecphora (ekfori). Archit. [Gr. txpopd, f. 
expépery, f. &xe out + pépew to bear.] (See quot.) 

1715 Kersey, Ecphora, a jutting or bearing out in a 
building. 1736 in Batey. 1775 in Asn, 1842-76 Gwi.t 
Archit. Gloss, Ecphora, a word used by Vitruvius to 
signify the projecture of a ber or Iding of a col 

+ Ecphra‘ctic, 2. Med. Obs. [ad. late Gr. 
exppaxriréds, f. txppaooay to remove obstructions.] 
Adapted to clear away obstructions; aperient, 
deobstruent. Also as quasi-sé, Hence + Ee- 
phra‘ctical a., of same meaning. 

1657 Tomttnson Renou's oy. 30 Must be dissolved by 
a..cutting Ecphracticke. /6/d. a Ecphractical, as it 
were Purging fractures. 1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. 
Plague 16 It is of great concernment. . to procure the bloud 
and te a free course. . by sutable purges and Ecphrac- 
tick Medicines. 1775 Asn, Lephractic, attenuating, dis- 


36 


solvii humours. Syd. Soc. Lex., Ecphractic 
Se the same py ma oa : % 


Libanius, are harmless. 

|| Ecraseur (ckrazér). Surg. ([F. écraseur 
crusher, f. écrvaser to crush.] A blunt chain-saw, 
tightened by a screw or by a rack and pinion, for 
removing piles, polypi, etc. (Syd. Soc. Lex. 
—~ wk ae thy tony tome On the use of the Ecraseur 
in the operation for Anal istula. 

Ecr’ ous (ekri‘pmoas). [f. Gr. éxpudpos 

out of tune, f. é« out + puOpds rh’ 3 see -OUS.] 

{1715 Kersey, Ecrhythmus, a Pulse that observes no 
Method.] 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Ecrhythmous, old term 
area by Galen to the pulse, and meaning irregular or un- 
rhythmical. 

|| Ecroulement. [Fr.] The fall of a mass of 
rock, a building, etc. Used fig. ; also spec. in Geol. 

1820 H. Marruews Diary of an Invalid (1835) 288 Na- 
poleon has so catamaranned the foundations, that more 
than one écroulement has already taken place. 1839 Mur- 
CHISON Silurian System 1. xiii. 163 The great ecroulement 
of rocks round Daren. /éid, 1. xxxii. 435, I found the phe- 

to be similar to many ecroul Alpine tracts. 
|| Eoru (ekri), a. [F. écru raw, unbleached. 
The name of a colour; the colour of unbleach 
linen. Also quasi-sd, 

1869 Latest News 5 Sept. 7 White écru or maize are the 
shades preferred. 1884 Pa// Mali G. 24 Sept. 9/1 The brides- 
maids... wore dresses of pink satin and écru muslin. 

Ecsta‘siate, v. rare. [f. Eostasy+-aTe. Cf. 
F. extasier.] trans. =ECSTACIZE. 

1823 New Month. Mag. VIII. 278 The singer..may 
extasiate his audience. : 

Ecstasied (ekstasid), fA/. a. [f. Ecstasy v. 
+-ED.] a. Exalted in contemplation. b. En- 
raptured. 

1649 JeR. TavLor Gt. Exemp. u. iv, Seraphims and the 
most ecstasied order of intelligence. 1661 K. W. Conf. 
Charac. (1860) To Rdr. 9 Those.. whose extasied souls 


| ravished with joy of his condigne punishment, by excesse 


of exalted spirits did themselves injuries. 1787 tr. solar 
stock's Messiah ut, 115 Thus ecstasied, sang the youthful 
spirits of Heaven. 

|| Ecstasis (e'kstisis). Also 7 extasis. [mod. 
L., a. Gr. &earaos ; see Ecstasy.] 

= Ecstasy 56, 2, 3. 

16ar Burton Anat, Mel. u. v. 1. v. (1651) 392 Another. . 
like in effect to Opium, Which puts them..into a kinde of 
Extasis. 1656 Rivcrey Pract. Physick 109 Ecstasis is 
either true, as when the mind is drawn away to contemplate 


the fai of her eye: At which 
1600 HotLanp Livy xiuu. xv. 179 The 
the embassage .. fell before 
and extasie. 1604 SHaks. 
scuses vpon extasie [Stage direction to line 40% 
into a trance CLARENDON 

The Ministers of the State. .like men in an Extasy. .had 


b. In modern scientific use. (See quot.) 
1866 A. Funt Princ. Med. (1880) 840 — In this 


condition, che mind, Eo oa 
ible to ding obj ain Dict. a 
s.v. The term ecstasy has been to certain i 


ordered phenomena, for the most part motor. " 

3. a. Used by mystical writers as the technical 
name for the state of rapture in which the body 
was su to become incapable of sensation, 
while the soul was en in the contemplation 
of divine things. Now only Hist. or a//usive. 

ax6s2 J. Smrru Sel. Disc. iv. 107 In such sober kind 
of ecstacies did Plotinus find his own soul ed from 
his body. 1656 H. More Amtid. Ath. mi. ix. (1712) 171 
The Emigration of humane Souls from the bodie by Ec- 
stasy. Locke Hum. Und. u1, xix. (1695) 119 Whether 
that which we call Extasie, be not dreaming with the 
Eyes open, I leave to be examined. 1696 Ausrey Misc. 
(1721) 181/2 Things seen in an Ex! are more certain 


than those we behold in d: 1842 on 77 d. 
Wks. 1875 II. 282 He [the T: dentalist] beli in 
inspiration and in ecstasy. R. Vaucuan Mystics (1860) 


I. m. ii. 65 Ecstasy .. isthe liberation of your mind from 
its finite consciousness. 1879 Lerevre Philos. i. 29 The 
Chaldzans and the Semites let loose on the West these 
wanton rites, the intoxication of the senses, and bya natural 
transposition, mystic ecstasy. 

b. The state of trance supposed to be a con- 
comitant of prophetic inspiration ; hence, Poetic 
frenzy or rapture. Now with some notion of 4. 

3670 Mitton Hist. Eng. u. Wks. (1851) 59 Certaine 
women in a kind of ie fc id of calami' to come. 
1682 Burnet Rights Princes iv. 125 Eucherius, Bi of 


| Orleans..being in an Extasy, saw him in Hell. 1751 Gray 


heavenly things, or etc. 1874 H. Reynotps John Baft. iii. | ‘ ; ‘ 
| and intr.), de thrown into ecstastes, etc. 


§ 3. 201 Vision, dream, trance, ecstasis, were common inci- 
dents in the history of the Hebrew prophets. 

Ecstasize (ekstassiz), v. [f. EcsTas-y + -IZE. 
Cf. Eosracy v.] 

1. trans. To throw into an ecstasy or transport 
of rapturous feeling; to give pleasurable excite- 
ment to. Also ref. 

1835 New Month. Mag. XLV. 469 The auditors were 
delighted, enraptured, ecstacized. 
Ch, Auchester 1. 54, { should have ecstasised myself ill. 
1879 G. Macponatp Sir Gibdie III. xvi. 251 Read passages 
from Byron. .ecstasizing the lawyer's lady. 

2. intr. To ‘ go into ecstasies’. 

1854 T. Gwynne Nanette (1864) 18 The merry old woman 
was ecstasizing over the size and beauty of the .. fish. 

(ekstasi). Forms: 4-5 exstasie, 
-cye, 6-9 extasie, -y, ecstacy, exstacy, -ie, 6-8 
exstasy, 6 extascie, 7 extase, ecs-, estasie, 8, 9 
ectasy, ecstasie, 7~9 extacy, 6- ecstasy. See also 
Eosrasis. [a. OF. extasie, (after words in -sée, ad. 
L. -sia) f, med.L. extasis, a. Gr. txoraats, f. teora- 
stem of éfrordvar to put out of place (in phrase 
efiordvar ppevav ‘to drive a person out of his 
wits’), f. é out + lordva to place. The mod. 
Eng. spelling shows direct recourse to Gr. The 

Fr. exfase is ad. med.L. or Gr. 

The classical senses of éeoraots are ‘insanity’ and ‘ be- 
wilderment’; but in late Gr. the etymological meaning re- 
ceived another application, viz., ‘withdrawal of the soul 
from the body, mystic or prophetic trance’; hence in later 
medical writers the word is used for trance, etc., generally. 
Both the classical and post-classical senses came into the 
mod, langs., and in the present fig. uses they seem to be 
blended. : 

1. The state of being ‘ beside oneself’, thrown 
into a frenzy or a stupor, with anxiety, astonish- 
ment, fear, or passion. 

1382 Wyciir Acts iii. 10 Thei weren fulfillid with won- 
dryng, and exstasie, that is, leesyng of mynde of resoun 
- ease, Fe! aay _ ta 1400 Chester Piiuw (847) 113 

nowe.. That you be in greate ener” ARLOWE 

Few Malta 1. z a17 Our words will ben penis his 
ecstasy. 1605 Suaxs. Macd. ui. ii, 19 To lye In restlesse 
extasie. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 201 With a great 
and sudden Army he entered. . In which extasie the English 
Factours fled to tam. 1834 Disragi Rev. Epick 1. ii, 
The crouching beasts Cling to the earth in pallid ecstasy. 

2. Pathol. + a. By early writers applied vaguely, 
or with conflicting attempts at precise definition, 
to all morbid states characterized by unconscious- 
ness, as swoon, trance, catalepsy, etc. 


Elegy xii, os ivi 
Bleg,  becy iis He taat tein seblims Upon tae 
— wings of ecstacy. 1813 Scorr Trierm. ul. xxxv, 

He leant upon a harp, in mood Of minstrel ecstasy. 

4. An exalted state of feeling which engrosses 
the mind to the exclusion of thought; rapture, 
transport. Now chiefly, Intense or rapturous de- 
light: the expressions ecstasy of woe, sorrow, de- 
spair, etc., still occur, but are usually felt as 
transferred. Phrase, To be in, dissolve (trans. 


1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 162 After they come 


downe agayn to themselfe from 


or 
| In extasie of 


Miss SHerrarp | 


excessyue eleuacyon 
extasy. 1583 Sruspes Anat. Abus. (1877) Ep. Ded. 6 
1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. Div b, 
In a sorrow-sighing extasie, Henry tooke leaue, 1620 
Metton Ast: . 4 This extasie of my admiration was 
broken off by occasion of a noyse. 1632 Mitton // 
Penser. 165 As may with sweetness, mine ear, Dis- 
solve me into ecstasies. @ T. Brown Pleas. Love Wks. 
U2 Sack ga) 36 Boyish ticks that | played inthe ecstacy 
ol. Fack\(x t 
of my joy. theo Scory Monast. v, The ecstasy of the monk’s 
terror. 1831 Macautay Moore's Byron, Ess. (1854) 1. 165 
What somebody calls the ‘ecstasy of woe’. 1848 — Hist. 
Eng. 1. 627 The crowd was wrought up to such an ecstasy 
of that, etc. 1866 Geo. Exvior /. Holt (1868) —— 
had no ecstasy, no gladness even. M. ARNoL 
Fr. Critic on Milton Ess. 242 When he hears it he is in 


p. Preston Boeth. 1. 32 The Fury and Extasies 
1725 


ofa giddy and e Multitude. Pore SS. 
IV, 1013 - . The fay’ring 
present to the pray’r. 

Comb. 


se Mm. Browninc Poems 11. 169 A poet! know him 


-dilated eye. 
,v. [fthesb. Cf. Ecsrasizx v.] 
+1. trans. To throw into a state of frenzy or 
stupor. Only in pass. Obs. 


Fectuam Resolves u. i, Wks. (1677) 159 They_us'd to 
Pig fly .as..to tear their ts. Seo G. DanteL 
Poems Wks. (x07) I. 12 My was Corral, and my 
Breath was Ice, Extasied from all Sence, to thinke, etc. 
1670 Conclave wherein Clem. VIII elected Pope 2 
were extasied with distractions. 


+2. intr. To behave as in an ecstasy. Ods. 
1636 W. Denny in Ann, Dubrensia (1877) 15 With seem- 
ing seeing, yet not seeing eyes. .he extasies. 
8. trans. To raise to a high state of fecling ; to 
fill with ‘or. now esp, to delight intensely, 
y 


with these woords hast extasyde my sowle. / . 
West 1. u. i. Wks. IL. 281, I cannot but wonder why 
A fortune should maken man <conadlall Character 


Italy 89 She extasy with it of her 
stately fabricks. 1864 Neate Seaton. thless 
with haste and ecstasied with joy. Madding 
Crowd II. XX. 232 The crowd 


(ekste’tik), ‘an sb. [ad. Gr. éx- 
orarixds, f.stem éxora-, See Ecstasy sd, and -10.] 


ECSTATICA. 


A. adj. ; 

1. Of the nature of trance, catalepsy, mystical 
absorption, stupor, or frenzy (see Ecstasy sé. 1, 2, 
3); accompanied by or producing these conditions. 
Of persons : Subject to experiences of this kind. 

¢ 1630 Mitton Passion 42 There doth my soul. .sit In pen- 
sive trance..and ecstatic fit. 1697 C. Lestir Snake in Grass 
(ed. 2) 286 The Quakers .. during these Extatick years .. 
were not in a Solid Condition. 1718 Pore Eloisa 339 In 
trance extatic may a pangs be drowned. 1814 Scotr 
Ld. of Isles 11. xxx, Convulsions of extatic trance. 1821 

OANNA Battie Metr. Leg., Colum. xxvii. 27 The banded 

riest’s ecstatic art. 1856 R. VauGHan AZystics (1860) I. 
62 In the ecstatic state, individuality, memory, time, space 
.-all vanish. 

2. Of the nature of ecstasy or exalted feeling ; 
characterized by, or producing intense emotion (now 
chiefly pleasurable emotion). Of persons: Subject 
to rapturous emotion. (See Ecsrasy sé. 4.) 

1664 H. More Afology 503 Carried quite away in an 
Ecstatick fit of Love and Joy and transporting Admiration. 
1749 Frecpinc Jom Yones xvii. xi, Mrs. Miller .. burst 
forth into the most ecstatic thanksgivings to Heaven. 1762 
Fatconer Shipfiur. 1. 260 He quivers in extatic pain. 1813 
H.& J. Smitu Horace in Lond. 42 Thy Newgate thefts im- 
4 ecstatic pleasure. 1870 DisraE.i Lothair vii. 24 She 

thrown herself in ecstatic idolatry at the feet of the 
hero of Caprera. 1878 Tarr & Stewart Unseen Univ. i. 
§ 27. 45 Minds of a visionary and ecstatic nature. 

3. absol. quasi-sb. rare. 

1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) III. 25 The man indeed 
at times is all upon the ecstatic. 

B. sé. 1. One who is subject to fits of ecstasy 
(see Ecstasy sé. 2, 3). 

1659 GaupEN Tears of Ch. 201 (D.) Old Hereticks and 
idle Ecstaticks. 1879 Barinc-Goutp Germany Il. 190 A 
swarm of .. ecstatics .. spread over the country, 18.. 
Proctor in Cyc@. Sc. I. 433 The childhood and youth of 
an ecstatic, 

2. pl. Sarcastically used for: Utterances in a 
state of ecstasy or transport ; transports. 

1819 Byron Yvan 111. xi, Dante’s more abstruse ecstatics 
Meant to personify the mathematics. 1865 Sat, Rev.11 Nov. 
616 Ecstatics again, might be spared. 


|| Eesta‘tica. [mod.L., f.asprec.] (See quot.) 

1879 CARPENTER Ment. Phys. 1. xix. 689 ‘ Ecstaticas,’ i.e. 
females of strongly Emotional temperament, who fell into 
a state of profound Reverie. 1883 SALMon in Contemp. Rev. 
Oct. 521 Abbé Clocquet was able to consult an ecstatica of 
his acquaintance. 

Ecsta‘tical, «. arch. [f. Eosraric+-au.] = 
Ecstatic, 

1600 O, E. Repl. Libel 1. ii. 43 Let this lunaticall or ex- 
taticall frier..forbeare to bragge. 1613 Purcuas Pilg”. 11. 
xv. 320 At the solemne Feasts of Bellona those sacred ser- 
uants wounded each other in an extaticall furie. 1612-5 
Br. Hater Contempl. N. T. ww. xii. (1796) III. 297 This was 
not Abraham’s or Elihu’s extatical bey a 1656 Br. Hatt 
in Spurgeon 7veas. Dav. Ps. cxliv. 3 David's rapture, ex- 

ressed in an ecstatical question of sudden wonder. _a@ 1678 

oopHEAD Holy Living (1881) 186 Graces. .which some 
saints of God enjoy in extatical.. raptures. 1678 Norris 
Coll. Misc. (1699) 239 Extatical love..continually carries 
me out to Good without myself. 1682 News /r. France 5 
If he thinks what he sayes will be reported in the Kings 
hearing .. he _grows almost Ecstatical. 

Hence Eesta‘tically adv., in an ecstatic manner ; 
in a state of ecstasy. Also + Ecsta'ticalness, 
ecstatic condition. 

1664 H. More Synopsis Proph. 293 Spoken rapturously 
and sere 1 — Div. Dial, it. § 14 (1713) 131 
Madness is nothing else but an Ecstaticalness of the Soul. 
1809 W. Irvine Knickerd, (1861) 63 The Dutch discoverers 
+.made certain of the natives most ecstatically drunk. 
1824-9 Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) Il. 6, I would. .extati- 
cally shed the last drop of my blood for His Holiness, 
1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1047 Blackwood .. rejoices ecstati- 
cally .. over the downfall of the Gladstone Government. 

+ E-estatize, v. Obs. rare. [f. Eostat-10 + -12E.] 
trans. To throw into an ecstasy, ecstasize. 

1654 Gayton Fest. Notes iv. viii. 222 He stood extatiz’d 
at that Picture. 

|| Ectasia (ektéi:zia). Pathol. [mod.L., as if 
a. Gr. *éxragia, f. as next, on the analogy of dva:- 
oOnoia, etc.] A dilatation. A synonym of 
ANEuRISM. (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 

1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 599 Bronchial ectasias 
with intact or ulcerated mucous membrane. 

|| Evctasis. [mod.L., a. Gr. éeraows, f. éxreivery, 
f. @« out + Tetvew to stretch.] 

1. (See quot.) 

1706 Puiirs, Ectasis, Extension or Stretching out. In 
Grammar a Figure whereby a short Syllable is extended 
or made long. 1735 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in Battey ; and 
in mod. Dicts. 


2. Pathol. Any morbid condition characterized 
by a state of dilatation. (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 

Ectenic (ektenik), a. [f. Gr. éerev-js strained, 
f. éxreivew to stretch out+-10.] Epithet applied 
to the phenomena, otherwise called ‘mesmeric’ 
or hypnotic, considered as produced by a state of 
strained attention. 

1882 Ch. Times 17 Feb. 104 Manifestations .. psychic, 
biological, odylic, ectenic. 

Ecteron, -onic, bad forms of EcbERoN, -onIc. 

1873 Mivart Elem. Anat. vii. 237 The common term 


Ecteron is applied to both structures. 1881 — Cat 27 
The teeth..in part are ecteronic. 


37 


Ectethmoid (ckte'pmoid), a. [f. Ecro- + Erx- 
morp.] ‘A term for the prefrontal of the fish, or 
of the lateral ethmoidal mass, with upper and 
middle turbinals in man’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1882 Parker in Trans. Linn. Soc. 11. 11. 171 This is the 
prefrontal or ectethmoid [bone]. 

|| Ecthlipsis (ekplipsis). Prosody. [mod.L., a. 
Gr. éxOAufus, f. éxOdiBew, f. é« out + OdA‘Bew to rub, 
squeeze.] (See quot. 1880.) 

1657 J. Smitu Myst. Rhet. 175 Ecthlipsis .. a striking 
out. It is a figure of Prosodia, especially when (M) with 
his vowel is taken away, the next word beginning with a 
vowel. 1678 in Puituirs. 1715 in Kersey. 1880 Rosy 
School Lat. Gr. § 941 Ecthlipsis, crushing out, in verse, of 
a syllable ending in #z before an ensuing vowel. 

|| Ecthyma (ekpoima). Pathol. [mod.L., a. 
Gr. éxOdpa, f. éxOvew ‘to break out as heat or 
humours’ (Liddell & Scott). ‘ By some it is looked 
upon as the same as /petigo’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1834 M. Goop Study of Med. (ed. 4) LV. 497 In Ecthyma 
the pustules are seldom numerous. 

Hence Ecthy'matous a. 

1861 Bumsteap Ven. Dis. (1879) 359 The ecthymatous 
form is nothing more than a chancroid. 

Ecto- (e'kto), repr. Gr. éx70, -stem of éxrds adv., 
outside; employed as comb, form in many com- 
pounds of mod. formation, as Evcto-blast [Gr. 
Badagrés sprout], see quot. E:cto-calca‘neal a., 
see quot. and CALCANEAL., E:cto-co‘ndyloid [Gr. 
xévbvdos knuckle +-o1D], see quot. E:cto-cu‘nei- 
form a., see quot. and CUNEIFORM. E‘ctocyst 
[Gr. «vor-1s bag], see quot. and Cyst. Evcto- 
derm [Gr. 5épya skin], the outer layer of the 
blastoderm, also called efib/ast; also, a term ap- 
plied to the outer layer of the body of the Ccelente- 
rata; hence Ectode‘rmal a., Ectode‘'rmic a. 
E:cto-me‘tatarse [mod.L. mefatarsus the bones 
between the tarsus and the toes], see quot. for 
Ecto-calkaneal. E:cto-pa‘rasite, see quot. 1861 ; 
hence E:cto-parasi'tic a. E‘ctoplasm [Gr. 
mAdopa something moulded or formed], see quot. ; 
hence E:ctopla‘smic a. E:cto-pro‘ctous a, [Gr. 
mpwxtds anus, rump], belonging to the Zctoprocta, 
an order of Polyzoa having the anus outside the 
mouth-tentacles. E:cto-pte'rygoid a. [see Prery- 
GoID], see quot. Evcto-sare. Zool. [Gr. odpé, 
capx-ds flesh], the outer transparent sarcode-layer 
of certain rhizopods, such as the Amceba. Ecto- 
sto’sis [on the analogy of Gr. é{darTwars, f. daréov 
bone], an external growth of bone. Ectozo‘on 
(pl. -a) [Gr. (@ov animal], see quot. 

1864 WEBSTER, *“Zcto-d/ast, the Membrane composing the 
walls of a cell. 1854 Owen in C7rc. Sc. (c. 1865) I]. 74/2 
There are three calcaneal processes .. the third, called 
** ectocalcaneal’, from behind the ectocondyloid cavity and 
the ectometatarse. /did. 74/1 The *‘ ectocondyloid’ surface. 
Lbid. 68/2 A smaller ossicle..is the *‘ ectocuneiform’. 1873 
Mivart Elem. Anat. v. 208 The ecto-cuneiform may 
enormously preponderate over the other cuneiforms as in 
the Horse. 1880 A thenxume 23 Oct. 536/1 Each individual 
of a colony of Polyzoa is encased in a cell known as the 
*ectocyst. 1861 J. R. GREENE Man. Anim. Kingd., Calent. 
11 The *ectoderm growing from within outwards. 1879 tr. 
Haeckel’s Evol. Max \. ii. 67 The upper germ-layer, from 
which the outer skin and the flesh proceed, Huxley named 
Ecto-derm, or Outer layer, 1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. An. 
i. 55 The *ectodermal cells constitute the epidermis (ecderon). 
1877 Foster 7ext-bk, Physiol. iii. 74 The junction of the 
*ectodermic muscular process [in Hydra] with the body 
of its cell. 1861 Hume tr. Moguin- Tandon u. vi. 291 
Those Parasites which derive their nourishment from the 
skin.. have .. been named .. *Ectoparasites. 1877 HuxLry 
Anat, Inv. Ax. iv. 192 Balatro [is] an ectoparasite, upon 
oligochztous Annelids. 1870 Rotieston Axim. Life 
Introd. 42 The Myxinoids. .are..*ecto-parasitic, 1883 i; E. 
Apy in Knowl. 15 Jose penis Us [Amceba’s] jelly-like body 
becomes faintly parcelled out into an outer firm (*ectoplasm) 
and an inner soft (endoplasm) layer. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 
583 Two cells .. separated .. by an *ectoplasmic layer .. of 
protoplasm. 1877 Hux.tey Anat. Inv. An. viii. 460 The 
characteristic ee of the *ectoproctous Polyzoa is a 
structure developed from the cystid. 1872 Mivart Elem. 
Anat, 131 The bony palate may be enriched by the addition 
.. of two extra bones, the *ecto-pterygoid and the ento- 
pterygoid. 1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. Ax. ii. 94 Beneath 
this lies a thick cortical layer (*ectosarc) distinguished by its 
clearness and firmness from the semifluid central substance 
(endosarc). 1860 Mayne Exp. Lex., *Ectozoon, a general 
term for those parasitic insects .. that infest the surface, or 
external part of the body, in distinction from the Entozoa. 

|| Ecto*pia. Pathol. [mod.L. ectopia, f. Gr. 
éxron-os, adj. f. é out + ré-0s place.] ‘ Displace- 
ment ; anomaly of situation or relation’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex.). _ 1847 in Craic; and in mod, Dicts. 

|| Ectro‘pion, -um. athol.. [mod.L. ectro- 
pium, Gr. éxrpdmov, f. é out+ Tpémew to turn.] 
‘An outward bending; especially applied to the 
condition in which the eyelid folds on itself, so 
that the conjunctival surface becomes external ; 
eversion of the eyelid’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1685 Cooke Marrow of Chirurg. (ed. 4) u. § iii. 154 Ec- 
tropion is when the lower eyelid is fallen down. 1736 in 
Baitey. 1751 in CuAmBers Cyc/. 1875 H.Watton Dis. Lye 
697 Ectropium is common in the under, and very uncommon 
in the upper eyelid. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 345 
Ectropion signifies an everted condition of the lid. 


ED- 


Ectrotic (ektrg'tik), a. Med. [ad. Gr. éxrpwrinds 
pertaining to abortion, éxterpwoxew to miscarry.] 
‘Term formerly applied to medicines and agents 
which cause abortion of the feetus. Also applied 
to medicines or modes of treatment which tend 
to produce the abortion or sudden cutting short 
of a disease’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

(1866 A. Fuint Princ. Med. (1880) 1039 The local treatment 
{in small pox] embraces measures to render the eruption 
abortive on the face, or to prevent the disfiguration caused 
by pitting. The treatment for this end is called ectrotic. 

ctylotic (ektilgtik), a. and sé. Med. [ad. 
Gr, éxrvdwrinds, f. éxrvdd-ev, recorded in sense of 
‘swell out into a callus’, but here taken as mean- 
ing ‘to remove warts’, f. é« out + 7TUAos wart.] 
(See quots.) 

1736 Baitey, Ectyloticks, remedies proper to consume and 
eat off callus’s, warts and other excrescences found on the 
flesh. 1753 CHAMBERS Cycl, Supp. 1847 Craic Ectylotic, 
having a tendency to remove callosities or indurations of 
the skin. 1864 in WensTER. 

Ectypal (ektipal), a. [f. next+-au.] Of or 
pertaining to an ectype; of the nature of an ectype 
or copy ; opposed to archetypal. 

1642 R. C. Union of Christ & Ch. 3 Materiall things are 
but Ectypall Resemblances and Inmitations of spirituall 
things. a@xz1x Ken Hymnoth. Wks. 1721 III. 232 Ectypal 
Salem here is in their Eye, The Model of Archetypal on 
high. 1845 Corrie Theol. in Encycl. Metrop. 857/1 Acommon 
division [of Theology]..used to be..1, Archetypal Theology, 
-.2, Ectypal,..derived from the former, 

Ectype (ektaip). [ad. Gr. éxrumov, neut. of 
éxrumos worked in relief, f. €« out + Tums figure.] 

+1. An impression (in wax, clay, etc.) of a seal 
or medal. ? Oés. in Zt. sense. 

1662 Puittirs Pref., Actyfe, a thing taken out of another 
Copy. 1697 Evetyn Numismt. v. 196 Sent the Ectype of 
a Medal to Sir Robt. Cotton. 1751 in Cuampers Cyci. 

b. fg. A copy, reproduction ; esp. as opposed 
to archetype or prototype. 

1646 J. Hatt Poems 1. 48 Thine own ectype Brownrigge. 
1692 Bevertry Disc. Dr, Crisp 10 It is an Ectype or 
Exemplification of the Everlasting Covenant. 1690 Lock 
Hum. Und. 1. xxxi. (1695) 212 The Complex Ideas of Sub- 
stances are Ectypes, Copies too; but not perfect ones. 1722 
Wottaston Relig. Nat, iii. 53 The true ectypes of their 
originals. 1846 Sir W. Hamitton in Heda’s Wks, 771 ‘Yo 
subordinate .. the prototype to the ectype. 

2. Archit, An object in relievo or embossed. 

1876 Gwitt Archit. Gloss. : 

Ectypography (ektipg:grafi). [f. Gr. éerumo-s 
(see Ecrype) + -ypadia a writing.] (See quot.) 

1870 Fairnoit Dict. Termes Art s.v., A mode of etching 
by which the lines are raised on the plate instead of sunk 
in. /did, 179 [In ectypography] the lights are etched-in 
and the lines of the design left standing in relief, similar to 
the letters of type-founders. 

|| Bou (ek). [Fr.: originally ‘shield’ :—L. sea- 
tum ; according to Littré so called because it bore 
on one face 3 fleurs-de-lis, like a heraldic shield.] 

A French silver coin; commonly regarded as 
equivalent to the English ‘crown’. Now used in 
France as a name for the five-franc piece. 

The relation of the écz to the Zivre, and its actual value, 
varied greatly at different periods. There was also a gold 
écu, similarly variable in nominal and actual value. 

1704 Royal Proclam. 18 June in Loud. Gaz. No. 4029/1 
Ecu’s of France, or Silver Lewis..Four Shillings and Six 
Pence. 1875 Jevons Money xii. 145 The coinage of écus .. 
had been left unrestricted. 

+ Eculee. Ods. rare—'. [OF. eculee, ad. L. 
equaleus rack, dim. of egzzs horse.] (See quot.) 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 152/1 An instrument named eculee 
of which two endes stonde on the ground and ii upward 
lyke Saynt Andrews crosse. 


Ecumenacy, -ic, -ical, -icity: see GicuMEN-. 

Eczema (e‘kz#ma). Pathol. [Gr. &xena, f. 
éx(e-erv, f. é out + Cé-exv to boil.] ‘An acute, or 
chronic, non-contagious, simple inflammation of 
the skin, characterized by the presence of itching 
papules and vesicles which discharge a serous fluid, 
or dry up’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). There are many kinds 
of eczema; a form occurring in cattle (Z. epzzooti- 
cunt), is known as ‘the foot and mouth disease’. 

1753 Cuambers Cyc. Supp., Eczema,a name given by the 
antient physicians, to any fiery pustule on the skin. 1884 


St. Fames's Gaz. 24 Apr. 5 Animals .. may communicate 
disease..though..not suffering from..eczema themselves. 

Hence Ecze‘matous a., Ecze‘matously adv. 

1869 Pall Mail G. 19 Oct. 4 A family drank the milk 
[from a cow having the foot and mouth disease] undiluted, 
and are now suffering from an eczematous condition of the 
lips, tongue, and palate. 1876 Dunrinc Dis. Skin 165 The 
eczematously diseased tissues. 

+Ed, @. Obs. rare. Only in sufer/. edist or 
eddist. [Of uncertain origin ; it has been identi- 
fied with the OE. dad happy (cf. Eani, EapNEss), 
but the latter appears to be a spurious word 
evolved from corrupt readings. Perh. ed(d)st may 
be a scribal error for oddist, which occurs elsewhere 
in the poem.] ? Distinguished in war. 

c1400 Destr. ae 5324 Ercules, pat honerable, edist of 
my knightes, /did. 5950 Ector. .eddist of knightes. 

+Ed-, prefix, OE. ed-=OHG. it(a, id- (MGH. 
ite-, it, mod.G. dial. i#-), ON. #0-, Goth. id-, 


again, backwards (= L. re-). Frequent in OE.; 
a few examples survived into ME.; see EpsorE, 
Eperow, EDHALDE. 

-ed, sufix1, the formative of the pa. pple. of 
wk. vbs., had in OE, the forms -ed, -ad, -od (-ud), 
where the vowel represents (though not with uni- 
form consistency) the thematic suffix characteristic 
of the class to which the vb. belongs; the ppl. 
suffix proper being -d:—OTeut. -d-:—OAryan -#0- ; 
ef. Gr. vbl. adjs. in -rés, and L. pples. in -éws. In 
some OE, vbs. the suffix is added immediately to 
the root-syllable, and therefore appears without 
preceding vowel as -d, or after a voiceless cons. 
as -t; e.g. in seald Sou, f. se//lan to SELL, boht 
Boueut, f. dycgan to Buy. In ME. the several 
vowelled forms of the suffix (where they were not 
contracted) were levelled to -ed (-id, -yd), and 
this -ed is in most cases still retained in writing, 
although the pronunc. is now normally vowelless 
(d), or after voiceless cons. (t), as in robed (rdubd), 
hoped (hdupt). The full pronunc. (éd) regularly 
occurs in ordinary speech only in the endings 
-ted, -ded; but it is frequently required by the 
metre of verse, and is still often used in the public 
reading of the Bible and the Liturgy. A few 
words, such as blessed, cursed, beloved, which are 
familiar chiefly in religious use, have escaped the 
general tendency to contraction when used as 
adjs.; and the adjectival use of learned is dis- 
tinguished by its pronunc. (13-1néd) from its use 
as simple pple. (lamd). From 16th to 18th c. the 
suffix, when following a voiceless cons. (preceded 
by a cons. or a short vowel), was often written -/, 
in accordance with the pronunc., as in jumft, 
whipt, stept. This is still practised by some 
writers, but is not now in general use. Where, 
however, a long vowel in the vb.-stem is shortened 
in the pple., as in crept, sleft, the spelling with -¢ 
is universal. Some pples. have a twofold spell- 
ing, according as the vowel is shortened or not in 
pronune. ; e.g. /eapt (lept), and /eafed (lipt). 

In several other classes of instances the -ed of early ME. 
has undergone subsequent contraction (in the inflected 
forms, however, this process had already begun in OE.): 
e.g. the endings ~ded, -ted became -did, -t(t, as in dledid, 
mod, dled, for OE. bléded (see Beep v.), set(t, mod. set, for 
OE. sgted (see Set v.); after /, n, v, the ending -ded has 
often become -f, as in gilt, sent, girt; and in certain cases 
Z, m,n at the end of a verb-stem cause the suffix -ed to be- 
come -f, as in spilt, unkempt, burnt. ‘Vhese contractions 
occur only in the older words of the language, and many 
of the words in which they are found have parallel forms 
without contraction, in most cases with some difference of 
meaning or use. ‘The Sc. form of -ed is -it, with which cf. 
such early ME. forms as ¢-nempuet named, t-crunet crowned, 
though these belong chiefly to extreme southern dialects. 


2. The suffix was (chiefly in 15th, 16th, and 
17th c.) added to adapted forms of L. pples., 
the intention being to assimilate these words in 
form to the native words which they resembled in 
function; e.g. acguisited, situated, versed (sine). 
Similarly, the ppl. adjs. in -ate, ad. L. -dtus, com- 
mon in mod. scientific nomenclature, have usually 
parallel forms in -a¢ed, without difference in mean- 
ing ; e.g. dipinnate(d), dentate(d). 

3. It is possible that some of the adjs. formed 
by the addition of -ed to sbs. may be examples of 
this suffix rather than of -Ep2. The apparent in- 
stances of this which can be traced back to OE., 
however, are found to belong to the latter. 

-ed, suffix, OE.- ede = OS, -édi (not represented 
elsewhere in Teut., Lig ON. had adjs. simi- 
larly f. sbs., with ppl. form and 2z- umlaut, as 
eygdr eyed, hynrdr horned) :—OTeut. type -ddjo-, is 
appended to sbs. in order to form adjs, connoting 
the possession or the presence of the attribute or 
thing expressed by the sb. The function of the 
suffix is thus identical with that of the Lat. ppl. 
suffix -tus as used in caudatus tailed, auritus 
eared, etc. ; and it is possible that the Teut. -dao- 
may originally have been f. -d@o- (see -ED1), the 
suffix of pa. pples. of vbs. in -djan formed upon 
sbs. In mod.Eng., and even in ME, the form affords 
no means of ——— between the genuine 
examples of this suffix and those ppl. adjs. in -ED! 
which are ultimately f. sbs. through unrecorded 
vbs. Examples that have come down from OE. 
are ringed :—OE. hringede, hooked:—OE. hécede, 
etc. The suffix is now added without restriction 
to any sb, from which it is desired to form an adj. 
with the sense ‘possessing, provided with, char- 
acterized by’ (something); e.g. in toothed, booted; 
wooded, moneyed, cultured, diseased, jaundiced, 
etc., and in ynthetic derivatives, as dark- 
eyed, seven-hilled, leather-aproned, etc. In bigoted, 
crabbed, dogged, the suffix has a vaguer meaning. 


38 


(Groundless objections have been made to the use 
of such words by writers ignorant of the history 
of the ep : see quot.) In pronunciation 
this suffix follows the same rules as -ED 1. 

1779 Jounson Gray Wks. IV. 302 There has of late arisen 
a practice of giving to adjectives derived from substantives, 
the termi participles: such as the ‘ cultured’ plai 
.. but I was to see in the lines of a scholar like Gray, 
the ‘honied’ spring. 1832 CoLeripce 7adle-7. (1836) 171, 
I regret to see that vile and barbarous vocable 4 ag 
The formation of a participle ive from a noun isa licence 
that nothing but a very ret felicity can excuse, 

Edacious (/dé'-fas), a. [f. L. edacé- (nom. edax), 
f. edére to eat + -ous.] 

1. Of or relating to eating ; devoted to eating, 
voracious. Now chiefly humorous. 
— Enthus. iy 199 Our .. high-toned irrita- 

ility, edacious appetites, constitutions. 
CARLYLE Fredk Gt. Ill. cs. Wi 135 Who shall ‘ae 
him ?—transcendent King of edacious Flunkies. 1866 
Cuampers £ss. Ser. n. 182 His edacious iarities— 
whether. .he was..most partial to lamb or turkey. 

b. fig. Greedy, OR 

1865 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. V. xi. v.62 These words Hynd- 
ford listened to with an edacious solid countenance. 1866 
— Remin, (1881) 1. 259 A hardy little figure, of edacious 


energetic A par: args 
(After L. tempus edax rerum.) 


2. Said of time. 

1819 H. Busk Banguet 1. 372 Edacious Time has all his 
works consu 1862 Lowe. Siglow P. Ser. u. 31 Con- 
cord Bridge had long since yiskied to the edacious tooth 
of Time. 1865 Padi Mall G. 8 Apr. 4 Edacious Time too 
visibly devours her last charm, 

Edacity (/de'siti). [f. as prec. +-ry.] 

1. The quality of being edacious; capacity for 
eating ; good appetite. Now chiefly humorous. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 972 The Wolf is a Beast of great 
Edacitie and Disgestion. P. Frercner Purple /s?. u. 
xxxix, If those pipes windings .. Should not refrain too 
much edacitie. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xvui. 613 
Edacity in the Small Pox is usually an ill Sign. 1823 Mew 
Month. Mag. VIX, 335 He has vivacity, edacity, and bi- 
bacity. 1854 BapHam Hadient. 516 Ulysses’ edacity is com- 
petently attested in the Odyssey. : 

+ 2. Corrosive quality, destructive power. Oés. 

1657 Tomuinson Renou’s Disp. 146 Lest the noxious 
quality of the air or edacity of heat spoyl their qualities, 

+ Edad, zt. Obs. [Cf. Apap, Apop, Epop, 
Ecap, Ecop.] 

1710 Brit. Apollo 11. 28 1/1 Add and edad is only a 
mincing of 6y G—d. 

daphodont (e'dafodgnt), a. Palwont. [ad. 
mod.L. edaphodus (-odont-), f. Gr. éapos floor + 
é50bs, 65évr-os tooth ; the name was given by Buck- 
land on account of the shape of the teeth.] 

A fish of the fossil genus Edaphodus, remains 
of which are found in deposits ranging from the 
Cretaceous to the Eocene. 

1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (¢ 1865) II. 97/1 The cylindrical 
dental masses of the. .edaphodont fishes. 

+ E:dbote. O¢s. rare. [f. Ep- + Boor sd.1] 
Restitution, amends, satisfaction. 

¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 31 Penaunce heth maneres thre, Thor3 
sor3e, schryfte, and edbote. /did, 36 Wanne man hys re- 
pentaunt i-schrive, He schold don edbote. 3 i 

|| Edda (eda). [ON.; usually identified with 
Edda the name of the great- grandmother in the 
ON. poem ‘ Rigspul’ (see Vigf. and Powell Corpus 
Poet. Bor. Ul. 514); others consider it to be f. ddr 
poetry.) The name given to two distinct Icelandic 
books: 

a. By Icelandic poets of rsth c. applied to a 
handbook to Icel. poetry, containing prosodic and gram- 
matical treatises, with quotations and prose paraphrases of 
myths from old poems. This work (partly written by the 
Icelandic historian Snorre Sturluson ¢ 1230) since 1642 
been commonly called Snorre’s Edda, or the Younger or 
Prose Edda. 

b. A collection (made ¢ 1200) of ancient ON. poems on 
mythical and traditional subjects. The names_‘ Elder or 
Poetic Edda’, ‘Edda of Semund’, were applied to this 
work by Biorn of Skards4, who errot y_ ascribed its 
compilation to the Icelandic historian Samund (d. 1133). 

177% Macrnerson /ntrod. Hist. Gt. Brit, 180 ther 
does the ic Edda. .suppl defect, 1840 CartyLe 
Heroes (1858) 196 Edda, a of uncertain etymology, 


1s 
thought to signify tress. 1866 Reader 3 Mar, 21/2 
1 ie 


The Elder (or Poetic) Edda is a volume of very old mytho- 
ag and heroic lays. 1875 Wuirney Life Lang. x. 181 
Edda is the purest and most abundant source of know- 
ledge for primitive Germanic conditions. 
ence Edda‘ic, E:ddic a., of or pertaining to 
the Eddas; resembling the contents of the Eddas. 

1868 G. Steruens Runic Mon. 1, Introd. 41 No Bddic or 
other Manuscripts. .are older than,.the 13th century, 1884 
Atheneum 30 Aug. 267/ African and Australian myths al- 
most as Eddaic.. may be quoted. 1883 ViGr. & Powett 
Corp. Poet. Bor.1.101 There are not one but many mytho- 
loge in the Eddic poems. 

» var, of Eppors, 

Edder (eda1),.sd. Ods. exc. dial. Also 8-9 
eather. [Of doubtful etymology; some have 
identified it with OE. eodor, eder enclosure =OHG. 
etar, ON. jadarr edge, border.] Osiers, hazel- 
rods, or other light flexible wood, used for inter- 
lacing the stakes of a hedge at the top. Also in 
Stake and edder (eather) fence. Hence Bader v. ; 
also ether, ¢rans. to interlace or bind (a hedge) 


EDDRE. 


the top with osiers, etc. E*ddering wd/, sé., 
the action of the verb; b. concr. the materials 


used in the tion. 
if saline, on Sc ens tae 


: 
He 
ry 
Aen 


long Poles, or i 
1815 A. Younc Aun, Agric. VII. 25 The stake and 
fence, for new made fences, is the cheapest. 1805 
Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) Il. 626 Hurdles, 
stakes and edders. 1863 Morton Cyci. Agric. 
(E. D.S.) Ethering is running a line of hazel, or 
flexible rods, intertwiningly along the top of a hed; 
r, obs. and dial. var. of ADDER 36.1, ED 
var. of EDDOES. 
Eddish (e-dif). Forms: (? 1 edise, -ese), 6-7 
edysche, -ysshe, -ish, 6-8 etch(e, 7-8 eadish 


z 


BE 


of eddish, wide! 

diffused in dialects, has not been traced Bm, = 
the —. ae on ee i 
unrecoi primary sense . edisc . 
hazardous. The current derivation from OE. ~ ‘again’ 
suits the modern sense, but (even if this sense were demon- 
strated for OE.) involves difficulties with to form.] 

+1. OE. edisc: A park or encl pasture for 
cattle. 

a7joo Epinal Gloss. 147 Broel, edisc (Corpus Broel, 
edisc, deortuun). 778 Ags. Charter in Sweet O. E. Texts 
427 Agellum qui dicitur tatan edisc. 8a2 bid. 458 Greotan 

lesces axooo Ags. Ps. xcix. [c.] 3 We his folc 
syndan and his fale sceap, pa he on his edisce ealle afedde. 

2. a. Grass (also clover, etc.) which grows 
again ; an aftergrowth of grass after m (in 
first quot. perhaps ‘brushwood’). b. “Stubble ; 
a stubble-field. 

Medulla Gram. in Promp. Parv. 136 Frutex, a 
styke, a yerde, and buske, vnderwode, or ed he. 1583 
Firzuersert Surv. 2 Yet hath the lorde the Edyssne 
the aftermathe. 1573 Tusser //usd. xviii. {x876) 43 Soile 
perfectly knowe, er edish ye sowe. W. Woop New 
Eng. Prosp.\.iv, There is little edish or after- . 1669 
Wor.ince Syst. pote (1681) 325 Eddish, ish, Etch, 
Ersh or e latter Pasture, or Grass that comes 
after Mowing or Reaping. a1728 Br. Kennett Lansdowne 
MS. 1033 in P? . Parv. 135 note, i coaieage or 
aftermath in meadows, but more ag Se stu or 
gratten in corn-fields. 1744-$0 W. Extis Mod. Husbandm. 
v. i. 101 Eddishes, stubble-fields. 1795 Vancouver Agric. 
Survey Essex 50 The bean etche well cleaned in the 


b. = EatacGE. 
1843 Lp, Asincer 12 Meeson 
action is brought..for the eddis! 


3. attrib., as in eddish- 
cheese made from the 


Weisby’s Rep. LXI1, The 
or eatage of a field. 

ss; eddish-cheese, 
of cows fed on the 


‘er civ.[cv.] 40 
come . 1610 Marxuam Masterp. 1. 
xxxv, 68 on eae. Nene Ce ee ter- 
maths, 1615 — Ang. Housew. 1. vi. (1668) - Touching 
your Eddish cheese, or Winter cheese, 1861 Wuyte-Met- 
vitte Mkt. Harb. 267 A ham .. an Eddish Lge. ye 
few other trifles, 1863 Morton Cyci. Agric. (E. D. 5.) 
Eddish-crop (Ess.) is a grain crop after grain. 
Eddit, var. of Apit, a watercourse. 
1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 79 The eddits that 
several streams. 


are taken up from the 

Eddoes (e'do»z). Also edoes, eddas, edders, 
eddy (in eddy-voot). [An African word, from the 
language of the Gold Coast.] ‘ The tuberous stems 


of various araceous plants, as Colocasia esculenta 


1685 Burton Engl. Em America x. 142 Carrots, 
P and Edoes, a su’ tial I 
Root. 1750 G. Hucues Barbados 227 The different species 


eddy root, and sweet potatoes. 1803 Pb od 
Sh Leone I. iv. 64 note, Edd: arum 

ont fh ade ‘he Nove Scotian sastian 184 
Orperson Creol. ii. 10 Yams, potatoes, and eddoes. 


+ E-ddre. Oés. Forms: 1 &dre, édre, ed- 
dre, 3 eddre. [OE. #dre = OF ris. eddere, eddre, 
OHG. éddara, 


(Sw. ddra) :—OTent. *#drén- ; w. ON. #0-r 
meaning ; the 
t. }rop heart, #7poy belly, may be ultimately 
connected.] A bloodvessel, vein. 


EDDY. 


Beowulf 2967 (Gr.) Swat xdrum sprong ford under fexe. 
cx000 Ags. Ps. Ixxiili]. 17 (Gr.) Werun mine zxdra ealle 
tolysde, ax22g Ancr. R. 258 Men..huded ham hwon heo 
beod ileten blod on one erm eddre, a@x1300 Vox § Wolf 45 
Ich have hem leten eddre blod. 

Eddy (edi), sd. Also 5 Sc. ydy, 6-7 edie, 
eddee, -ie. [Of unknown history; app. first re- 
corded in 15th c.; if of Eng. origin, the sense seems 
to point to connexion with Ep-; cf. ON. 7Ja of 
same meaning.] : — 

1, ‘The water that by some interruption in its 
course, runs contrary to the direction of the tide 
or current” (Adm. Smyth); a circular motion in 
water, a small whirlpool. 

1485 Houlate \xiv, The barde..socht wattir to wesche 
him out in ane ydy. 1553 Brenpe Q. Curtius 245 
(R.) Suche as .. escaped theire enemies, were .. drowned 
wyth .. the eddies of the streame. 1665 MANtEy Grofius’ 
Low-C. Warrs 251 The strong eddy or Whirlepoole of the 
River .. brought it intothe Trench. 1684 T. Burnet 7%. 
Earth 1. 131 Those great eddees .. that suck into them .. 
whatever comes within their reach. 1727 THomson Sf7in, 
816 The madness of the straiten’d stream Turns in blac’ 
eddies round. 18z0 Scotr Lady of L. ut. vii, The wheel- 
ing eddies boil. 1882 Wuite Naval Archit. 449 It is 
blunt tails rather than blunt noses that cause eddies, 

2. ¢ransf. Wind, fog, dust, etc. moving in a 
similar way ; a circular movement of wind, etc. 

1815 ELpHINsTONE Acc. Caubul(1842) I. 173 Rain... brought 
..by the eddy in the winds. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. i. 
269 Indicated through circling eddies of fog. 1878 M. A. 
org Nadeschda 22 A dustcloud rolls in eddies forth. 

» fig. 

1791 G. Morris in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) IV. 413 
There is in the current of their affairs a strong yerd or 
counter tide, 1817 CoLertpce Biog. Lit. 147 An eddy of 
criticism, 1830 Tennyson Jz Mem. xviii, The lightest 
wave of thought shall lisp, The fancy’s tenderest eddy 
wreathe. 1868 Stantey Westm. Ad. iii. 139 These are but 
the eddies of the royal history. 1875 Farrar Seekers 1. iv. 
231 In the mighty eddies of an unseen, mysterious agency. 

4. Comb., as eddy-breeze, -current, -stream, -tide ; 
eddy-rock (see quot.) ; eddy-water (also eddy, 
Adm. Smyth), the dead water under a ship’s 
counter. Also EDDY-WIND. 

1799 Naval Chron. 1.250 *Eddy breezes from a hilly shore. 
1600 Haxtuyr Voy. III. 291 (R.) From the Cape to Vir- 
ginia .. are none but “eddie currents. 1877 A. Green Phys. 
Geol, iv. §1. 124 Rock reed this [Current-Bedding] 
structure is sometimes called *£ddy-Rock by quarrymen and 
well-sinkers. 1725 De For Vay. round W, (1840) 352 They 
would rather have an “eddy stream against them. 1627 
Capt. Smitu Seaman's Gram. x. 48 An *Eddie tide is where 
the water doth runne backe contrary to the tide. 1887 Pad 
Mail G. 23 Aug. 8/2 Owing to the eddy tide these opera- 
tions were not attended with success. 

Eddy (edi), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. intr. To move in an eddy or eddies: said 
properly of water and objects borne on water; 
also of air, vapour, etc., and ¢rvansf. of birds on 
the wing. Also fig. 

1810 Scort Lady of L. 1. xvii, Eating in almost viewless 
wave, The weeping willow twig to lave. 1813 — 77rierm. 
ut. vii, The unwonted sound, Eddying in echoes round and 
round, 1833 Marryat P, Szmfle (1863) 158 The wind was 
high. .sweeping in the rain in every direction as it eddyed 
to and fro. 1844 Mem. Babylonian P'cess 1, gt Large 
hungry eagles..eddying far above into the regions of air. 
1 NE Arct, Expl. II, xxviii. 285 A flat cake of ice 
eddied round near the floe we were upon. 1860 TYNDALL 
Glac, 1. § 14. 97 The vapour .. eddying wildly in the air. 

2. trans. 'To whirl round in eddies. Also with 
zn: to collect as into an eddy (rare). 

1730 THOMSON Autumn 322 The circling mountains eddy 
in From the bare wild the dissipated storm. 1858 Saiz. 
Rev. V1. 113/t How are we to tell that a comet..may not 
get eddyed if to Pome some great planet? 1878 SmiLes 

obt, Dick iv. 28 The water is churned and eddied about. 


Eddying (e'dijin), v/. sd. [f. prec. +-1NG1.] 


The action of the vb. Eppy: moving in circles, 


whirling. In eee transf. ont fe 

1817 CoeripcE Biog. Lit. 220 An eddying instead of pro- 
gression of thought, 1830 Tennyson Ode to Mem. ii, The 
eddying of her garments caught from thee The light of thy 
great 1886 A th 10 July 39/1 The twistings 
and eddyings of the political current. 

E:ddying, #/. a. [f. as prec.+-1NG2.] Mov- 
ing in eddies; full of eddies. 

1837 HawtHorne Twice-told T. (1851) Il. ix. 127 The 
eddying wind has kept them [the roofs] bare at the bleak 
corners, 1870 Bryant //iad I. v. 158 From Lycia where 
the eddving Xanthus runs. 1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. 
i, 16 The eddying vapours..had been mingling ..in end- 


less wa’ 

Eddyless (edilés), a. [f. Eppy sd. + -LEss.] 
Without eddies, tranquil ; also fig. 

1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. v. (1626) 104 A silent streame 
I found, All eddilesse, perspicuous to the ground. 1862 R. 
Patterson Zss. Hist. & Art 485 To mortify the body, and 
still the mind into eddyless meditation. 

dy-root: see s.v. EDDOES. 

E:ddy-wind. A wind that moves in an eddy. 

1626 Carr. Smitn Accid. Tg. Seamen 17 A gust, a 
storme..an eddy wind. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 20 Men 
..that are weather-waft up and down with every eddy-wind 
of every new doctrine. 1 Dryven Virg, Georg. 1. 505 
Chaff with eddy Winds is whirl’d around. 1715 Drsacu- 
urs Fires Impr.152 Such Eddy-Winds blow from the 
South when we have them here at London. 1772-84 Cook 
Voy. (1790) IV. 1218 There is..an eddy wind at S. W. 


89 


1867 SmytH Sazlor’s Word-bk. s.v., The eddy-wind of a 
sail escaping in a curve makes the sail abaft shiver. 

Ede, ME. f. of eode, OE. pa. t. of Go. 

+ Edecima‘tion. 0s. rave—'. [a. L. édecima- 
tion-em, f. ddecima-re, f£. 2 out + dectmus tenth.] 
The action or process of taking a tithe or tenth. 

@ 1693 Urqunart Radelais m1. xlviil. 386 The Edecimation 
and Tith-haling of their Goods. 

|| Edelweiss (2délvais). [f. Ger. ede/ noble + 
weiss white.] An Alpine plant, Graphalium 
Leontopodium or Leontopodium alpinum, remark- 
able for its white flower, growing in rocky places, 
often scarcely accessible, on the Swiss mountains. 
Also attrib., as in edelwetss-lace. 

1862 Emerson Thoreau Wks. (Bohn) III. 339 It is called 
by .. the Swiss Edelweiss, which signifies Noble Purity. 
1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 21, 1 knewan Alpine-rose which 
all beside named Edelweiss. 1882 Charles Lowder 356 A 
..cross of edelweis had been placed on the coffin. 1884 
Daily News 10 Nov. 2/7 Perhaps the most successful rival 
of Nottingham goods is the German-Swiss Edelweiss lace. 

Edematose, -ous, var. ff. GEDEMATOSE, -OUS. 

Eden (7'd’n). [a. Heb. pw séden ; etymologic- 
ally ‘ pleasure, delight’.] 

1. The abode of Adam and Eve at their creation, 
Paradise ; also more fully, Zhe garden of Eden. 

1382 Wycur Ge. iv. 16 Caym .. dwellide at the eest 
plage of Eden. 1535 CoverDace Gen. ii. 8 The Lorde God 
also planted a garden of pleasure in Eden. /éid. iii. 23 
Then the Lorde God put him out of the garden of Eden. 
1667 Mitton P. L. v. 143 Discovering .. all the East Of 
Paradise and Edens happie Plains. 1796-7 CoLrrince 
Poems (1862) 14 Ah flowers! which joy from Eden stole 
While innocence stood smiling by. 1860 HawTHorne Jar, 
Faun, Il. x. 108 What the flaming sword was to the first 
Eden, such is the malaria to these sweet gardens and 
groves. . 

2. ¢ransf. and fig. A delightful abode or resting- 
place, a paradise ; a state of supreme happiness. 

a1225 Fuliana 79 He [the translator] mote beon a corn 
i godes guldene edene. 1593 Suaks. Rich. 17, u. i. 42 This 
sceptred Isle This. other Eden, demy paradise. 1665-9 
Boyte Occas. Refl. (1675) 320 He inherits. .a gay and privi- 
ledg’d Plot of his Eden. 1792 S. Rocers Pleas. Meni. u. 
128 Who acts thus wisely mark the moral Muse A blooming 
Eden in his life reviews. 1830 Mrs. Bray Fitz of F.1. 
(1884) 9 Mount Edgcombe, that Eden of Devon. 1842 
Tennyson Gardener's Dau. 187 Henceforward squall nor 
storm Could keep me from the Eden where she dwelt. 

Hence Edenic (7de‘nik), a., of or pertaining to 
Eden; E:denize v. ¢razs., to make like Eden ; to 
admit into Eden or Paradise; E*denized ///. a., 
E:deniza‘tion. 

a1618 J. Davies Wit's Pilgrim.N iv. (T.) For pure saints 
edeniz’d unfit. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems I. 75 By the 
memory of Edenic joys Forfeit and lost. 1862 D. Witson 
Preh, Man iii. (1865) 22 The moral contrast which the 
savage presents to our conceptions of Edenic life. 1877 
Wraxatt tr. V. Hugo's Miserables w. v. 4 The Edenization 
ofthe world, 

Edental (¢dental), a. [f. E-+L. dent-em tooth 
+-AL.] =next. 

1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. v. (1873) 82 Another gigantic 
edental quadruped. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

|| Edenta-ta, sd. 27. [mod.L., f. edentatus, f. 
édentare to render toothless, knock a person’s teeth 
out, f. 2 out + dent-em tooth.) An order of Mam- 
malia characterized by the absence of front teeth ; 
represented by the Ant-eater, Armadillo, Sloth, etc. 

1834 M°Murtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 92 The Eden- 
tata, or quadrupeds without front teeth. 1859 Darwin Orig. 
Sfec. iv. (1878) 9 The three lowest orders of mammals, 
namely, marsupials, edentata, and rodents. 

Edentate (2dente't), a. and 5d. [ad. L. aden- 
tatus ; see prec. 

A. adj, Characterized by the absence of incisor 
and canine teeth; belonging to the order Zdentata ; 
see B. Sometimes = ‘toothless’. 

1828 Starx Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 406 Mouth not entirely 
furnished with teeth, and often edentate. 1835-6 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. 1. 245/2 The mouth. .consists of two. .edentate 
mandibles sheathed with horn, 1885 Parker Mammalian 
Desc. iv. 96 He is not truly edentate, but has teeth, 

B. sé. 1. in p/. = Epentata, 

1835 Kirsy Had, & Inst. Anim. I1. xvii. 208 Like most of 
the other Edentates, they [the Sloths] can roll themselves 
up and take a long and reckless sleep. 1880 HauGHToN 
Phys. Geog. vi. cri, Nobel Edentates are among the lowest 
forms of placental Mammals. 

2. humorously. One who has lost his teeth. 

18g0 Kincstry A/t. Locke xxxvi, (1874) 270 How could a 
poor edentate like myself articulate a word? 

+ Edentate, v. Ods.—° [f. as prec.] trans. 
To strike out, or draw out (a person’s) teeth. 

1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Batty. 

Hence + Edenta‘tion, the extraction of teeth. 

1 a3 in CockeRAM. 

Edention, erroneous form of EDENTATION. 

1623 CockerAM ut, A Pulling out of teeth, edention [but 
edentation in pt. 1). 

Edentulous (dentiz/les), a. [f. L. edentulus 
toothless, f. 2 out + dent-em tooth+-ous.] Hay- 
ing no teeth, toothless, 

1782 Monro Compar. Anat. 110 The chin and nose of 
edentulous people are much nearer. 1784 Phil. Trans. 
LXXIV. 281 Fishes..[are] apparently utter strangers to 
edentulous old age. 1839-47 Topp Cycé. Anat. III. 367/x 


EDGE. | 


The jaws [of echidna] are edentulous. 18539 J. Tomes 
Dental Surg. 39 Instances .. in which the jaws have been 
entirely edentulous. 

+ Evder, e‘dera. 00s. rare. [ad. and a. L. 
(h)edera.| Ivy. (The L. word was prob. retained 
by Wyclif in the version of 1382 from ignorance of 
its meaning. In Jonah the A. V. has ‘gourd’.) 

1382 Wycuir Yonah iv.6 The Lord God made redy an 
pea. ee an yuy], and it sede vp on the hed of Jonas. 
— 2 Mace. vi. 7 Crownyd with edera [1388 with yuy]. 

Ederling. ? Mistake for *e/derling ancestor 
[f. edder, ALDER sd.2 + -LING.] 

c1300 A, Adis. 1711 Darie, the kyng of alle kynges, The 
godis..hath to ederlyng. 

Edge (edz), sé. Forms: 1 ecg(g, 3-7 egge, 
(3 agge, hegge, 5-6 eg(e, 6-7 edg), 5- edge. 
[OE. gcg str.fem. = OS. egg?a (MDu. egghe, Du. egge) 
edge, corner, point, OHG. eka edge, point (MHG. 
ecke edge, point, corner, mod.Ger. ecke fem., eck 
neut., corner), ON. egg edge:—OTeut. *ag7d, f. 
OAryan root *a#, whence many words of cognate 
sense, e.g. L, actes, Gr. duis point; cf. AIL sé, 
Awn, Ear sd.2. (The sense ‘ corner’, which has 
been developed in Ger. and Du., is wanting in Eng. ] 

I. A cutting edge. 

1. The thin sharpened side of the blade of a 
cutting instrument or weapon; opposed to the 
‘back’ or blunt side; or to the ‘flat’ or broad 
surface of the blade. Often associated with fost 
(OE. ord). The edge of the sword: used rhe- 
torically for ‘the sword’ as the typical instrument 
of slaughter or of conquest. 

Beowulf 1549 (Gr.) Breost net... widord and wid ecge ingang 
forstod. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp, Luke xxi. 24 Hig feallad on swur- 
des ecge [c 1160 egge]. ¢ 1200 77in. Coll. Hom. 61 He wile 
smite. .mideggeandcleuen. .oder mid ordeand pilten. ¢1374 
Cuaucer Troylus iv. 899 Beth rather to hym cause of flat 
than egge. c¢1450 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 735 Hoc acumen, 
Hee acies,aneg. 1594 Prat Fewell-ho. 1. 20 Some kindes 
of salt..doe giue such temper to the edges of weapons. 1605, 
Suaxs. Aacé. wv. i. 150, I will... giue to th’ edge o’ th’ 
Sword his Wife. 16x Biste Gen. xxxiv. 26 They slew 
Hamor and Shechem .. with the edge of the sword. 
— Hebr. xi. 34 [They] escaped the edge of the sword. 
1648 Mitton Zenure Aings Wks. 1738 I. 317 And what re- 
straint the Sword comes to at length, having both edge and 
point, if any Sceptic will needs doubt, let him feel. 1797 
Gopwin Exguirert. ii. g A tool with a fine edge may do 
mischief. 1828 Scorr /. Af. Perth 11. 20 When it was 
steel coat to frieze mantle, the thieves knew .. whether 
swords had edges or no. 1871 Frseman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
IV. xvii. 54 The King by the edge of the sword changed 
himself .. into a King according to the laws of England. 

§ humorously misused. 

1596 Suaks. Merch. V. u. ii. 173 To be in perill of my life 
with the edge ofa featherbed. x — Hen. V, 1. vi. 50 
And let not Bardolphs vitall thred bee cut With edge of 
Penny-Cord, 

b. foet. A cutting weapon or tool; in ME. 
also a lance. 

Beowulf 2876 (Gr.) pet he hyne sylfne zewrzc ana mid 
ecge. c1z05 Lay. 5605 He hauede monie Alemains‘ mid 
agge [1275 hegge] to-heowen. cr1300 A. Adis. 1271 He 
griputh in hond a spere .. Thorughout the bruny creopeth 
the egge. c1325 E. E. Alit. P. B. 1104 Nauber to cout ne 
to kerue, with knyfne wyth egge. ©1374 Cuaucer Former 
Age 19 No flessh ne wyste offence of egge or spere. 1607 
Suaks. Cov, v. v. 113 Men and lads Stain all your edges on 
me. 1791 Cowrer //iad xxi. 25 On all sides Down came 
his edge. 

ce. The sharpness given to a blade by whetting. 
¢ 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5147 His naked swerd in hond 
he bare, The egge was mich wered a-wey. 1517 ‘ToRKINGTON 
Pilgr, (1884) 21 Tooles made of Iron that never lese ther egge 
by myracle of Seynt Nicholas. 1850 Bracke “schylus I. 
Pref. 10 It is for lack of skill in the workman, not from want 
of edge in the tool. Mod. The knife has no edge. Put an 
edge on this knife. : 

2. fig. a. With direct reference to 1, I c. Power 
to ‘cut’ or wound; keen effectiveness. Of lan- 
guage: Trenchant force (cf. oznt). Of appetite, 
passion, desires, enjoyment, etc.: Keenness. Phrases 
(used also Z¢. in 1, 1c), + Zo add an edge to; to 
put, set an edge upon ; to dull, blunt the edge of, 
etc. Not to put too fine an edge upon it: to use 
‘blunt’, outspoken language. 

1893 H. Situ Sevm, (1866) II. 88 To add an edge unto 
our prayers, 1594 SuHaks. Rich. JJ, v. v.35 Abate t eae 
of Traitors, Gracious Lord. 1596 — Tam. Shr.1. ii. 73 She 
moues me not, or not remoues, at least, Affections edge in 
me. 1603 Frorio Montaigne (1634) 503 Faults and contrary 
successes give it [love] edge and grace, 1610 SHaks. Temp. 
1v. i. 29 To take away The edge of that dayes celebration. 
1625 Donne Serm. 195 The apostle there changes the edge 
of his argument. 1642 Futter Holy §& Prof. St. un. xi. 179 
Take not too much at once, lest thy brain turn edge. 1661 
Bramuati Yust Vind. iv. 87 The edge and validity of it 
[ecclesiastical law] did proceed from authority royal. 1704 
Col. Rec. Penn. 11. 142 Pleads reasons y® Edge of which 
..has wore off. 1775 SHeripan Rivals 1st Prol., No 
tricking here, to blunt the edge of law. 1830 T. Hamitton 
C. Thornton (1845) 79 Exercise .. had given more than its 
wonted edge tomy appetite. 1846 Prescorr Ferd. § /s. II. 
vii. 416 Several circumstances operated to sharpen the 
edge of intolerance. 1870 Swinsurne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 
286 The marble majesty of Calantha [in Ford’s ‘Broken 
Heart’] .. gives force and edge to the lofty ion of the 
catastrophe, 1879 Lowett Poet. Wks. 375 Yet knows to 
eS an edge upon his speech. ‘od, He is, not to put too 

ne an edge upon it, a thoroughpaced scoundrel : 


EDGE. 


+b. Of persons: Ardour, keenness in pursuit of 
an object ; in weaker sense, inclination, liking. 

158 Savite Tacitus’ Hist. u. xiii. (1591) 78 The Otho- 
nians, laying aside all edge to fight. 1605 Bacon Adv. 
Learning \. 112 He must take heed he shew. .some sparkles 


Wks. 752, I have little or no edge to conti 
think waded. 1642 Rocers Naaman 183, I have so 
small to prevaile with men, se I goe against 
their edge. bid. 390 As for others, their edge is not so 
much toward them. 

+c. To give an edge to, set an edge upon (a 

rson): to stimulate, incite. Obs. (Cf. Epes, 

1G vbs.) 

x602 Suaxs. Ham. m1. i. 27 Giue him a further edge. 
1609 HoLtanp Livy vi. xxviil. 237 The memoriall of that 
late..losse sustained might rather stirre them up and set 
an edge upon them. 1626 W. Scrater Expos. 2 Thess. 
(1629) 274 What is wanting to give us an edge to the duty. 

+3. Jig. Phrases (with direct reference to sense 1), 
Back and edge: adjoining, close by. Fall back, 
fall edge: ‘come what may’, in any case, On 
edge (said of cars, heart, teeth ; also, ¢o set): full 
of eagerness, all agog, ready. 

1580 T. M. Pref. Verses in Baret A lv, viii, Learned Athens 
did..set his teeth on edge, such floures to pull As best him 
likte, to store his skilfull brest. 1590 Spenser /. Q.1. iv. 43 
With harts on edg To be aveng’d each on his enimy. 159 
Lyty Safho iv. iv, You will set mine eares on aes with 
sweet words. 1641-2 Horuam in Rushw. Hist. Coll. ut. 
(1721) I. 496 Fall back! fall edge! I will go doun. 1699 
B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v., Fall back fall edge, or come 
what will. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) Vil. 135 The 
people who live back and edge. 

4. To set (a person's) teeth on edge: ‘to cause 
an unpleasant tingling in the teeth’ (J.). Also fig. 
Also (rarely) Out of edge, in same sense. 

It is not quite clear what is the precise notion originally 
expressed in this phrase. The earlier expression was fo edge 
the teeth (see EvcE v. 3); in the passage Ezek. xviii. 2 the 
Vulgate has obstupescere to be benumbed. 

1 Wycuir Ezek. xviii. 2 And the teeth of sones wexen 
on egge. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. clxxxii. (1495) 
723 A grene grape greueth the rotes and synewes of the 
teeth wyth colde soo that they make the teeth an egge. 
1535 CoVERDALE Yer. xxxi. 29 Y° fathers haue eaten a sower 
grape, and the childrens teth are set on edge. 1578 Lyte 
Dodoens v, xx. 576 The same eaten rawe are good against 
the teeth being set on edge. 1585 J. Hicins tr. Funtus’ 
Nomenclator 428 Dentium stupor,abluntness of the teeth, 
when with eating of .. sowre things they be out of edge. 
1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. JV, ut. i. 133 That would set my teeth 
morning an edge, Nothing so much as mincing Poetrie. 
1741 Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 162 How come they .. to be set 
on Edge by Acids. 1839 CartyLe Chartism iv. (1858) 20 
The strong have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the 
weak are set on edge. : 

+ 5. As rendering of L. aczes: a. Line of battle. 
b. Keenness of eyesight. Ods. 

1535 CovERDALE 1 Sam. iv. 2 Inthe Edge in the felde they 
slewe aboute a foure thousande men. 1682 Six T. Browne 
Chr. Mor. 61 The wise Contriver hath drawn the pictures 
and outsides of things softly and amiably unto the natural 
edge of our eyes. 

II. Things resembling a cutting edge. 

* with regard to sharpness. 

6. The crest of a sharply pointed ridge; freq. 
in topographical names, as Swirrel Edge, Striding 
Edge). (More frequently, however, names of this 
kind denote escarpments terminating a plateau, 
and therefore are to be referred to sense 11; 
e.g. Millstone Edge, Bamford Edge; in Sc. edge 
usually denotes merely a ridge, watershed.} 

c1325 E. EL. Allit. P. B. 451 Bot apn her of be eggez vn- 
huled wern a lyttel. 1513 DoucLas 4@neis vin. viil..s5 The 
worthy peple Lydiane .. remane apoune the edge of the 
Hetruscane hyllis. x. Stewart Cron, Scot. Ill. 37r At 
Sowtra ege thair merchis than tha raaid. 

b. A perilous path on a narrow ridge; fig. a 
sharp dividing line; a critical position or moment. 
(Sometimes with notion of 1; cf. ‘to walk on a 
razor’s edge’, Gr. ém fupot dxpijs.] 

1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. IV, 1. i. 170 You knew he walk'd..on 
an edge More likely to fall in, then to get o’re. 1667 Mi- 
ton P, L.1. Hb That voyce. .heard so oft..on the perilous 
edge Of battel when it rag’d. 1718 Pope //iad x. 19 Each 
.. Greek .. Stands on the sharpest edge of death or life. 

7. The line in which two surfaces of a solid 
object meet abruptly ; sfec. in Geometry, the line 
of meeting of two faces of a polyhedron. 

1823 H. J. Brooke /ntrod. Crystallogr. 149 Terminal solid 
angles replaced by two — resting on the obtuse edges 
of the pyramids. 1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 30 The edges 
formed by the intersections of pairs of adjacent faces. 

b. Skating. (70 cut, do) the inside or outside 
edge: a particular form of fancy skating on the 
inner ov outer edge of the skate-iron. 

1772 Jones Skating 22 The inside edge is sometimes re- 

uired in performing some of the more difficult manceuvres. 

bid. 37 tthe Dutch] travel on the outside edge. 1806-7 J. 
Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) m. 1, Learning to 
cut the outside edge on skaits that have no edge to cut with. 
1880 Vanpervett & Witrnam Figure-Skating 137 The in- 
side edge backwards .. may be en - from the turn on 
both feet by continuing backwards. Zod. Can you do the 
outside edge ? 

** as contrasted with a broad surface. 

8. Ofa thin flat object ; One of the narrow sur- 
faces showing the ‘thickness’ or smallest dimen- 


40 
sion, as distinguished from the broad surfaces. 
On edge (formerly often written an edge): wating 
u the edge, placed ‘ ise’. + Zo lous 
the soil up on an edge: to p it into ridges, 

1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 72 The 
edge with one end in the lf Mortimer 
Husb. 50 Harrow it as you plow it up, but »-you must 
agg has Abas phy ats. og +784 De Lotme Eng. 

past. 1 xvil, o7h, Ren of his hand with great 
_ pone his neck. 1 Pap rete = Oe are 14 

angs o! set on edge in lemesne. plate 
set 7 pe 9 The tilts has a milled 

_ tb. fig. Phrase, Zo get by the edges: to get 
(information) indirectly or a 
Po a C. Matner Magn. Chr. 1. 45 They A i: by the 

iges a little Intimation of the oon Prince of Orange's 
undertaking. 

e. spec. Of a book : One of the three surfaces left 
uncovered by the binding; called severally ¢of, 
bottom, and fore edge. 

— The top edge of the book is gilt ; the others are left 
white. 

9. The rim (of a hollow vessel). 

c1400 Beryn 587 The egge of the panne met with his shyn. 
1459 /nv. in Paston Lett. 335 1. 468 Vj bolles with oon 
coverede of silver, the egges gilt. 

III. The boundary of a surface. 

10. The line which forms the boundary of any 
surface ; a border, verge. By extension, that por- 
tion of the surface of any object, or of a country, dis- 
trict, etc., adjacent to its boundary. (Cf. BoRDER.) 

In geographical sense formerly often used where frontier 
or boune sated would now be poe Bay or kaa 

¢ 1391 Cuaucer Astro/. nu. § 46 And sett re be degre 
of be mone according bg A ae egge of be label. c Je 
Russet Bk. Nurture in eS v4 (1868) 129 Ley pe bou3t 
on be vttur egge of pe table. FABYAN VI. cxcvi. 202 The 
abbey of Leof, besyde Hereforde, in the egge of Walys. 
1535 CoveRDALE £zek. xl. 12 The edge before the chambres 
was one cubite brode. 1588 Suaxs. L. LZ. L. 1v. i. 9 Hereb 
vpon the edge of yonder Coppice. 1606 — Ant. § CZ.u1. i. 
117 From edge to edge A th’ world. 1664 Evetyn Kad. 
Hort. (1729) 228 Many of their Leaves parch’d about their 
Edges. 1732 De For Tour Gt. Brit. (1769) 11. 181 Elestre, 
is a be on the Roman Watling-street, on the very 
Edge of Middlesex, 1823 Lams Z/ia Ser. u. vii. (1865) 
280 All this time sat upon the edge of the deck quite 
a different character. 1833 N. Arnorr Physics Il. 210 The 
image will be more perfect..at its middle than towards its 
edges. 1836 THirLWALt Greece III. xxii. 238 He..drew up 
his men at the water’s edge. 1879 Haran Eyesight ii. 21 
The edges of the orbit are comparatively dense and strong. 

b. fig. of portions of time, seasons, etc. 

1638 Featty 7ransudst. 229 Win the day in the edge of 
the evening. 1782 Jounson Let, 20 Mar. in Boswell, I 
made a journey to Staffordshire on the edge of winter. 1868 
E. Waucu Sneck-Bant iv. 72 in Lanc. Gloss, (E.D.S.) We's 
be back again abeawt th’ edge-o’-dark. 

+e. That which is placed on the border of a 
garment, etc.; = Epaina. Obs. 

1so2 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. York (1830) 68 Blake velvet 
for an edge and cuffes for the same gowne. 1558 Hutoet, 
Edge of a fillet or roll.. Tania. 1611 Biste 4x. xxvi. 10 
Fiftie loopes on the edge of the curtaine. 

+d. Archit. In first quot. rendering L. regula 
‘the shank of a Doric triglyph’ (Lewis and Short). 
In second quot, app. = FILLET. Ods. 

opel Archit. Cijb, The edge which Vitruuius 
calleth Regula. /éid. Dj a, The lowest edge that deth 


é 


EDGE. 
as this is technically called. 1874 Kwicut Dict. 
Weck, *Buipe-rail Raikou. a. One form of 
which bears the stock on its edge. 4. A rail 
by the side of the main rail at a switch to prevent the train 
from running off the track when the direction is changed. 
he wie coed es 
edge ornament, on a book cover. 1802 PLayrair /, > 
Hutton. The. 236 We obtain the same information from in- 
specting the * 1805 Forsytu Beauties Scot. 1. 
269 The strata. .receive the appellation of edge seams, from 
their descending, or almost position in the earth. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech.,* a board with its edge 
OOoDWARD Mollusca 


a 
( 
il 
te 
; 
if 


| 
a 
rl 


of the on whi 
1880 Mrs. Witney dd bp. 3 3 es 
5-4 opposite *edgewa brown, 
rutted road. 1874 KniGuT Dict. Mech. 774 *Bdgewheel, a 
wheel travelling on its in a circular or annular bed. 
Edge, dial. var. of 


es 
3° 
Fg 
tk 
PE 
iY 
5 


dear embrace; ‘twill edge my sword. 1808 J. Bartow 
a vi. 336 Fame fired their courage, freedom edged 
their swi 

b. transf. and fig. To give keenness or incisive 
force to (appetite, wit, endeavours, etc.). 


onor 
More ope pod Swords, high to the field. 1643 T. 
Goopwin Child of Light aS 
wit. coast FuLter Good in Worse T. (1841) 156 O that 
this would edge the end s of our g 

Lady's Call. 1. ii. §10. 16 All the torments there bei: 


cold of the night-wind edged with 


Nero u. i. 6/1 But now to hear she hath edged her 


practice. 
+ 2. To urge on, incite, provoke, encourage (a 
person) ; = Eee v. (but usu. with more direct re- 


ference to the sb.) ; also, to stimulate, give activity 
to (an industry, etc.). Obs. exc. as in b. 

1575 J. Hooker Carew 116 He. .would. .edge, and 
cause others to do the like [bestow money]. 3877 Hounsuep 
Chron. I11. 1239/2 He accused the moonks of manie 
and did therewith so edge the king against them. 1613 in 
Harl. Misc.(Malh.) III. 141 The Duke edged his soldiers, by 
declaring unto them the noble works of their ancestors. 
Bacon Usury, Ess. Arb.) 54 This .. will E 
edge, iseeeee er tal » ineenees. Gace 

est. xiii. (1655) 76 Which edget! paniards toa 
constant and continuall war with the Inhabitants. 
b. with on : =egy on (see Eae v. 2 


. edge 
[Brutus] on the more, for a_private — he had con- 
ceived against Caesar. 1609 Hottanp 


vppon Plinthus shalbe in height half a part. 

11. The brink or verge (of a bank or precipice). 

c1325 £. E. Aliit. P. B. 383 Er vch bopom watz brurd-ful 
to pe bonkez eggez. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 3 The —_ 
of the frenssh clif shold be the ende of the world yf the 
ylonde of brytayn ne were not. 1827 Pottok Course T. v, 
Toppling — the perilous edge of Hell. 1865 Reader 3 
June 619/3 In Derbyshire it nests in the rocks and ‘ Edges, 
as the precipices are called. i 

b. fig. On the edge of: on the point of (doing 
something). 

1606 SHAKS. ph Cr. 1v. v.68 Will you, the Knights Shall 
to the edge of all extremitie ¢ each other? 1884 
Cuurcn Bacon vy. 114 He was now on the very edge of losing 
his office. 

IV. 12. attrid. and Comd. a. locative, as 
edge-hummock, -moulding, -plate, -teeth, -way; 
edge-gilt adj. b. objective, as edge-cutting. c. ad- 
verbial, as edge-view. Also edge-coals, coals from 
an edge-seam; edge-joint (see quot.); + edge- 
leam, -lome [OE. ma], an edge-tool; edge- 
mill, edge-rail, edge-roll (see quots.); edge- 
seam, a layer or seam of coal that we been tilted 
into a nearly vertical position ; edge-shot a., edge- 
wheel (see quots.). Also EDGE-TOOL, -WAYs. 

1854 Miter Sch. §& Schm. xiv. (1860) 153 “* 's'— 
those steep seams of the Mid-Lothian Coal-basin, 1843 
Cariyte Past § Pr, (1858) 9x Do honour to an *edge-gilt 
vacuity in man’s shape. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxix. 
(1856) 241 *Edge-hummocks, that is to say, hummocks 
formed at the margin of floes and aft cemented 
there. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., “Edge-joint (Carpentry), 
a joint formed by two ed; forming a corner. 1781 J. 
Hutton Jour Caves (E. B. 8) *Edgeleams, sb. pl., edge 
tools. 1570 Levins Manif, 161 An *Edgelome, cuéter. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., on ets an ore-grinding 
or oil-mill in which the stones travel on their es. 
1762 Bortase in PAil. Trans. LII. 509 All the *edge- 
mouldings of the were tore to pieces. 1879 in 
Cassell's Techn. Edua IV. 175/x All along each bottom 
side of the body should be plated with iron..The “edge- 


and edged them on [én/estiores 
gies a H. L'EstRaNnce Americans no Fewes 61 
‘sla “eee Whetted 


Cc. ib 3 
on by.. Revenge. 1725 New Cant. Dict., To Edge, or as'tis 
vulgarly call'd, to oneon. 1842 Pusey Crisis Eng. Ch. 
36 To thi ~_ ever edged 

hing to take ad of our 
nett Mor, Uses Dark Th. 41 To 
and edged on .. into the best ways and noblest endeavors. 
+ 3. To set (the teeth) on edge. 
(Cf. Flem. eggen de tanden (Kilian). 
ax1300 Cursor M. eo are eggeid yitt. 
c Promp. Parv. 136 , 


acidus, a1§55 Latimer Serm § Lest 
adventure we take chalk for cheese, edge our 


teeth, and hinder digestion. 1604 T. Wricut Passions vi. 
sis that bitter Apple hich all mens teeth. 
we 


wl 
rywoop Ma il lost ww. 


af tee late _ rome 1 a ee ee 

‘or to here hys e se hys deggyd. 

4. To furnish wich a border or ed ing ; to border ; 

also, to colour or ornament on the ‘ 

edged with bales gy Ture Prd One of these is 
g 


garde. 
and dale Ed with poplar pale. 
pea an (Out, Hist Soc) 1. asp For edging my 
1728 Pore Dunc. ut. 248 Whose sarcenet 
_ ps. 1746-7 Hervey — Contempt. 
es which edge pink. 
Stud Paen on Hatricaria ia inodora .. bracts with 


brown. amet. 

b. Of a range of hills, etc.; To form a border 
or enclosure to; to enclose. Ait 

a ee ea ade apey Banxcuey in 

Fraser Zig ty The» fs mle thi post close 

Su lies, Edg’d round with cliffs. 

1886 Manch. Exam. 2 Jan. 5/3 Except where it is edged by 


Sa 


EDGE. 


the border lands of China and Thibet, Burmah is surrounded 
by British territory. 

5. intr. To move edgeways; to advance (esp. 
obliquely) by repeated almost imperceptible move- 
ments. Also with advs. aside, away, down, in, 
etc. Chiefly aut. (see quot. 1867). 

Loe bang Situ Virginia w. 128 We descried a ship .. 
we edged towards her to see what she was, 1627 —- Sea- 
man’s Gram. xiii. 60 Be yare at the helme, edge in with him. 
@1628 F, Grevitte Sidney (1652) 60 Bubliquely edging 
nearer the holy mother Church. be J. Taytor (Water P.) 
Wks. 1. 41 The James ..then edged vp in the winde. 
16g0 CromweELt Lez. 4 Sept. Causing their right wing of 
horse to edge down towards the sea. 1712 ARBUTHNOT Yohn 
Bull (1727) 72 He observed Frog and old Lewis edging to- 
wards one another to whisper. 1720 De For Caz. Single- 
ton xvi. (1840) 269 They .. stood edging in for the shore. 
1777 Cook and Voy. 11. vii. (R.) On edging off from the shore, 
we soon got out of sounding. 1790 Beatson Nav. §& Mil. 
Mem. \. 382 Rear-Admiral Knowles .. kept edging down 
on the enemy. 1832 Marryat JV. Forster xli, The .. ad- 
miral edged away with his squadron, 1853 Kane Grinnell 
Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 283 The wind edged round a little more 
to the northward. 1863 Mrs. OxirHant Salen Ch. xv. 275 
He edged past the table in the back-parlour to the window. 
1867 SmytH Satlor’s Word-bk., Edge away, to decline 

adually from the course which the ship formerly steered, 
2 sailing larger or more off, or more away from before the 
wind than she had done before. To edge down, to approach 
any object in an oblique direction. 

ig. 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 5/1 A disposition, on the part 
of a youth, to edge into a different station from that in 
which he was born. . 

6. trans. To move by insensible degrees; to in- 
sinuate (something, oneself) zz¢o a place. With 
adyvs.: To force (something) by imperceptible 


degrees away, in, off, out. Also fig. 

1677 Eart Orrery Art of War 161 During the motion of 
your advanced Wing, to edgeit, by degrees, and insensibly, 
towards, etc. 1690 Locke Zduc. Wks. 1714 III.67 Edging 
by Degrees their Chairs forwards. 1704 DaveNnanr in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. u, 397 IV. 245 If you believe him obstinate .. 
advise me of it, for I can edge it [a wager] off. 1708 Mrs. 
Centtivre Busie Body u.i, A Son of Oneand Twenty, who 
wants ..to edge himself into the Estate! 1824 W. Irvinc 
T. Trav. 1. 14 Every one edging his chair a little nearer. 
1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 31 Aug. 545/2 An opportunity 
. of edging himself into the paper. 18291. Taytor Exthus. 
vii. (1867) 143 Christianity ..is seen constantly at work 
edging away oppressions, 1883 Mauch. Exam. 30 Nov. 5/5 
The products of the Continent are padeally edging those 
of England out of the [Turkish] market, 

b. Zo edge in (a word, etc.): to push in, as 
if with the edge first. 

1683 D. A. Art Converse 9 Without giving them so much 
time as to edge ina word. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries 
Hum. Life (1826) xii. Concl., Andromache .. contrived to 
edge in a smile. 

Edge (edz), v.2 Also 4 hegge-n. [OE. gcgax 
(pa. t. eg¢de), =MDu., Du. eggen, OHG. echken (pa. 
pple. gt-eg7t), MHG. egen, mod.G. (from LG.) 
egeen to harrow :—OTeut. *agjan, whence OE. 
egtde, egde=MLG. egede, MDu. éghede (Du. ees), 
OHG., egida a harrow. Outside Teut. cf. L. occa, 
Welsh oged (:—*ocet), Lith. akéczos a harrow, akitz 
to harrow. The root may possibly be identical 
with that of EpcEsd.] To harrow. 

a8o0 Corpus Gloss. 1430 Occabat, ezide. 1393 LANG. P. 
Pi. C. vt. 19 Canstow .. Heggen ober harwen ‘ ober swyn 
oper gees a? Soe 1669 WorLIDGE Syst. Agric. (1681) 325 
To Edge,to Harrow. 1726 Dict. Rusticum(ed.3) To Edge 
-.a Country-word for to harrow. 

Edge-bone, corruption of AITCH-BONE, q.v. 


yon (edgd), Afi. a. [f. Evan sd. and v. +-ED.] 
1. Furnished with a cutting edge; sharpened, 
trenchant. Also fig. Cf. Two-xEpGED. For 
edged tool see EDGE-TOOL. 

1s9r Suaxs, 1 Hen. VI, mi, iii. 52 O turne thy edged 
Sword another way. @1593 MarLowe Dido iv. i, With the 
sharpness of my edged sting. a 1639 T, Carew Was, (1824) 
102 Justice hath to the sword of your edg’d eyes His equall 
balance joyn’d. 1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 213 After- 
wards with edg’d Grooving Tools..they cut down. .the Ex- 
tuberances. 1833 Larpner Manuf. Metal 11. 2 (Cabinet 
Cycl.) Nor are the edged stones .. so defectively formed .. 
as might be imagined. 

2. Having an edge or lateral boundary: only with 
defining prefix, indicative of colour, number, etc. 

1776 Witnerinc Bot, Arrangem. (1796) I. 255 Anthers 3- 
edged. 1884 Brack ¥ud. Shaks. vi, The red-edged leaves. 
Mod. Black-edged note-paper. 

+3. Having a border (of ornamental work). Oés. 

1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3304/4 A Gold Watch... —— an 
Edged Case. 1722 De hos Col. ¥ack (1840) 80 An edged 
hat. 1727 BrapLey Yam. Dict. 1.s.v. Clear Starching,To 
order the edged heads; when you find they are clapp’d suf- 
ficiently, pin it down to the board. 

+Evdgeful, a. Os. rare—'. [f. Epae sd, + 
-FuL.] Having abundance of edge; keen, cutting. 

1614 T. Waite Martyrd. St. George A iij, Hee.. Against 
the Empires enemies did set His warlicke brow, and edge- 
full humor whet. : 

+ Edge-growth, corruption of *edgrowth = 
EpeRow. 

1610 W. Forxincuam Art i As 11. x. 63 The second 
is of Mastage, Edge-grouth, Winter-Herbage, etc. 

pageless (edzlés), a. [f. EDGE sd. + -LESS.] 
That has no edge. “it. and jig. 

1617 Cotuns Def Bp. Ely u.ix. 400 His sword, which he 
carried neither edgeles, nor in vaine. 1661 J. Founrain 


Vou. III. 


41 


Rewards Virtue 2 To save her sheers, Which else had sure 
been edgeless long ago. 1869 Ruskin Q. of Air $143 The 
dumb and edgeless shore of darkened sand. 1884 H. D. 
Trait in Macm, Mag. Oct. 444/2 As lustreless and edgeless 
as an old shilling. 

+Evdgeling, -long, adv. Also 4 egge-, 
eghelynge(s. [f. Enc sé. +-LING, as in Back- 
LinG(S adv. (OE. decling) ; for the corrupt form 
-long cf. sidelong, headlong.] 

a. With the edge. b. On the edge; edgeways, 

2a 1400 Morte Arth. 3675 Upcynes eghelynge pay ochene 
pare aftyre. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. ix. 24 They 
scorned them that smote edgelyng. 1580 Hottyspanp 7veas. 
Fr. Tong, Fraper destoc & de taille, to strike both foyning 
and edgeling. 1603 Florio Montaigne 11. xii. (1632) 330 It 
is hard, be it flat-long, side-long, or edge-long, but an in- 
genious .. wit shal.. meet with some aire that wil fit his 
turn. 161z CorGr.,s.v. 42, A dye that stands edgeling, so 
as tis doubtfull what chance it will yeeld. 

Edger (edzo1). [f. Epcr sd. and v. + -ER1.] 

1. One who edges or puts an edge on anything. 

159 PercivaL, Sf. Dict., Bordador, an imbroderer, an 


edger. 

+ 2. Of flowers and leaves: (see quot.) 

1688 R. Horme Armoury u. 115/1 Edgers are the spring 
or first ripe Tulipa’s. 1725 BrapLEy Fam. Dict., Edger,a 
plant whose leaves are edged with white or yellow. 

3. Mech. (See quot. 

1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., Edger, a circular saw.. by 
which the bark [etc.] are ripped from slab-boards. 

Edge-tool, edged tool. In early use, Any 
implement with a sharp cutting edge, as a knife 
or sword ; now (in lit. sense) restricted to indus- 
trial tools, and technically denoting chiefly chisels, 
gouges, planes, etc., also (with defining adj. heavy) 
axes, hatchets, etc. Also attrib. (The form edged 
tools is now used only in fig. sense.) 

1350 Will. Palerne 3755 And 3if any egge tol wol entre 
in-to his bodi I wol do him to be deth. c¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas 
t. v. (1554) 47 b/t Leuer I haue, with some edge tole Too 
slea my selfe, than liue in slaundre and dole. 1548 Act 2& 3 
Edw. VI, xxvii, The greatest part of edged Tools, Weapons, 
and other necessary things having Edges. 1677 Moxon Mech. 
Exerc. (1703) 167 An Edge-Tool.. will. . cut off all the parts. 
1719 DE For Crzsoe (1840) II. v. 108 Nor had they any edged 
tool. 1723 Lond, Gaz. No. 6175/6 Robert Wilkins .. Edge 
Tool maker. 1732 BerKELEy Adcipfhr. vi. §8 Edged tools 
are in general designed to cut. 1825 J. NicHoLson Oferat. 
Mechanic App.771 To make Edge-tools with cast Steel and 
Iron. 1886 Daily News 18 Oct. 5/5 The saw and edge-tool 
houses are doing moderately well. c 

2. fig. and in proverbial use. esp. in phrase 
play or jest with edge tools. 

1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 57 Some say that it is not 
good iesting with edge toles. 1622 MassiNceR, etc. Old 
Law vy. i, If you move the duke’s patience, ’tis an edge- 
tool. 1767 Westey ¥rnl. 4 May, They find it is playing 
with edged tools. 1798 Hutton Axtodbiogr.27 The man 
who plays with edge-tools, may, by chance, cut his fingers. 
1815 Scott Guy M. v, I begin to think..I have been rather 
jesting with edge-tools. 1866 Mitt in Zain. Rev. CXXIII1. 
337 He came to think that the Sokratic cross-examination 
is a dangerous edge-tool. | 

E-dge-ways, -wise, (rarcly) -way. 

1. Of position: With the edge (instead of the 
broad surface) uppermost, foremost, or turned 
towards the spectator. 

1566 in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture (1866) 73 Alter stones 
ij—one is broke.. thother yet standeth edgewaie in the 
grownd. 1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (1856) 126 They layd them 
[fir deals] edg-wayes. 1715 Desacutirrs Vives lpr.160 The 
Partition Plates must be. .fix’d edgewise to the great Plate. 
1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6156/4 One of his fore Teeth .. stand- 
ing edgeway. 1775 SHERIDAN Rivals v. iii, I’ll stand edge- 
ways. 1857 Bircu Anc. Pottery (1858) II. 303 Curved bricks 
set edgeways in a thick slip of the material. 1879 New- 
coms & HoLpEn Astron. 358 At certain times the rings of 
Saturn are seen edgeways, 1885 H. J. Stonor in Law 
Times LXXX. 119/1 The ladder. .standing edgeways. 

Jig. 1664H. More Myst. Jnig. Apol. 538 This Objection is 
set edge-wise, and seems to stand .. in a very dangerous 


posture. 1677 Gitpin Dexmonol. (1867) 409 Sometime a 
mciptine will be set so cross or edgeway to their good and 
comfort. 


b. Edge to edge. 
c1850 Rudim, Navig. (Weale) 121 Each is composed of 
.. deals .. bolted together edgewise. 
2. Of motion: With the edge foremost. 
1794 Vince in Phil. Trans. LXX XV. 44 When they [the 
_—_ move edge-ways, 1828 Scorr /, M. Perth II. 156 
he savage raised the axe. .and brought it down again edge- 


ways. 
b. Jig. in To get a word, etc. in edgeways, etc. 

2777 SHERIDAN Sch. Scand. u. ii, All her words appear to 
slide out edgewise. 1824 Miss Mirrorp Vivlage Ser. 1. 
(1863) se As if it were ible for any of us to slide ina 
word edgewise. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. 1v. 206 At 
the last [he] pushed if his word Edgewise, as ’twere. 

3. On the edge (instead of the broad side). 

1791 SMEATON Edystone L. § 239 The sea acting edgewise 
upon the joint would exert the same power to lift it up. 

dginess (e‘dzinés), [f. Epey+-ness,] The 
condition of having the outlines too clearly marked ; 
angularity, hardness of outline. Also fig. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 427 It would supply an excellent 
study for a painter; all edginess. .is gone. Mortey C77. 
Misc. Ser. 11.391 To be clear, acute, and definite, without 
that edginess and inelasticity. 

em (edzin), vdZ. sb. [f. Eper v.+-1ne1.] 

+1. The setting on edge (of the teeth). Ods. 

1382 Wycuir Amos iv. 6 Y 3aue to 30u eggyng of teeth, 


EDICT. 


2. The putting of an edge or border to anything. 
Also attrid., as in edging-lace, -stroke, -tile. 

1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Canetille, an edging 
lace. 1607 TopseLt Four-f, Beasts 446 Very much used for 
the edging of the best garments. 1664 Eve yn tr. Freart’s 
Archit. (R), The edging stroaks, by some called outlines, 
and contours only. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 116 
Edging of plank, sawing or hewing it narrower. 

b. The trimming of the edges (of a lawn or 
grassplat) ; also attrzb., as in edging-iron, -shears. 

1858 GLenny Gard. Everyd. Bk. 236/1 The edging-iron 
must be used instead of the shears. 

3. concr. That which forms an edge to any- 
thing; a border, fringe, etc. sewn on the edge of 
a garment ; a border (of box or other plants) sur- 
rounding a flower-bed ; and the like. 

1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 199 Adorn the outward 
Verge with an Edging of Pink, Limon Thyme, etc. @1700 
Dryven (T.), The garland which I.. border’d with a rosy 
edging round. x Gartu Disfens. 1v. (1706) 66 The 
Clouds aloft with golden Edgings glow. 1741 Compd. Fam.- 
Piece 1, iii. 366 After Rain, clip your Edgings of Box. 1807 
Crasse Library 148 The dull red edging of the well fill’d 
page. 1873 Tristram Moab xvi. 302 The old road..marked 
by its bold edging of stones. 

b. A trimming on a seam, 

1664 Perys Diary 10 Feb., A close-bodied .. coat, with a 
gold edgeing in each seam. 1717 Appison Ovid's Met. 11. 
(R.) To show The golden edging on the seam below. 

4. Lace made to be sewn on to the edge of some 
article of dress. Shorter form of ededng-lace. 

1558 Richmond. Wills (1853) 127 Vj yeards of edgine xxd. 
1716 Lond, Gaz. No. 5438/4 Two Quarter Boxes of Lace 
and Edgings. 1750 Mrs. Detany Life §& Corr. (1861) II. 
555, 1 have got your harp shell, and will send it you, and 
the Elizabeth edging. 1851 Maynew Lond, Labour I. 387 
‘Edgings’, or the several kinds of cheap lace used for the 
bordering of caps and other female requirements. 

5. The action of moving by insensible degrees ; 
attrib., as in edging movement. 

1879 A. Forses Datly News 16 Apr. 3/2 A kind of side- 
long edging movement. 

Edging (e'dzin), Af/. a. [f. EpcE v. + -1NG 2.] 
That moves by imperceptible degrees. Hence 
E-dgingly adv. 

1748 RicHARDSON Clarissa (1811) II. 220 The new-made 
beau awkwardly followed, but more edgingly. 

E-dgrew, -grow. Os. exc. dia/. Also 9 
dial, etgro. [f. Ep-+stem of OE. gréw-an ; cf. 
OE. edgréwung, EMric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker149.] 
The aftergrowth of grass ; aftermath, eddish. 

¢1440 Promp. Parv, 135 Edgrow, greese[A, etc. edgraw, 
herbe, H. P. growe, greese], digermen, regermen, 1688 
R. Hotme Armoury i. 72/2 Edgrewe is the Grass left 
growing after Mowing, some term it the Latter grass, or 
latter growing. 1726 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3), Edgrew, some 
term it Latter-grass or Latter-math. 1875 Lazc. Gloss. 
(E. D.S.) s.v., So mitch for t’gress and soa mitch for t’etgro. 

Edgy (edzi), a. [f. Engg sd. +-y.] 

1. Having an edge or edges ; sharp, cutting. 

19775 C. Davy Bourrit’s Glac. Savoy (1776) 99 Constantly 
walking over broken rocks, either ragged, or cleft, or edgy. 
1820 L. Hunt /ndicator No. 15 (1822) I. 118 Lastly, think 
of the razor itself... how cold, how edgy, how hard! 1849 
Ruskin Sev. Lamps iii. § 11. 75 Binding the dusty remnants 
and edgy splinters into springing vaults. 

2. Of a painting: Having the outlines too hard. 

1825 Blackw. Mag, XVII. 438 There were two Holbeins, 
flat, shadowless, edgy compositions. 1868 ///ust. Lond. 
News 11 Apr. 362 Less edgy and more softly sweet in colour 
than previous works, : 

3. fig. Full of edge or keenness ; eager. dial. 

1858 A. B. Evans Leicestersh. Wds., Edgy, eager. ‘ He’s 
very edgy to go there’: also‘ pert’ and ‘forward’. 

Edha‘lde, var. ATHOLD, v. Ods. 

e1175 Lamb. Hom. 149 Edhalde pet brihte ikunde; pet 
god haued in ow ibroht of saule and of likame. 

Edi, var. of Eapt a. Ods. 

Edibilatory, a. [badly f. edidi/is Enrsir, 
after adjs. in -atory; see -oRY.] Relating to 
edibles or eating. 

1828 Lyrron Pelham I. 216 Edibilatory Epicurism holds 
the key to all morality. 

Edibility (edibi'liti). [f. next; see -1Ty.] The 
quality of being edible, capability of being eaten. 

1849 Fraser's Mag. XL. 130 To convert, so far as edibility 
..is concerned, an old fowl into a young capon. er 

Edible (e-dib’l), a. and sé. [ad. late L. edébilis, 
f. ed-dve to eat.] 

A. adj. Eatable, fit to be eaten. 

1611 CotGr., Oué, the paunch, and intralls of edible crea- 
tures, 1661 Lovett Hist, Anim. § Min. Introd., The head is 
edible. .of the cow, calfe, etc, 1802 Binctey Anim. Biog. 
(1813) II. 395 The edible frog. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. 
II. 219 the Edible Snail or Helix pomatia. 1884 J. CoL- 
BorNE Hicks Pasha 104 Everything edible was bought up. 

B. sd. An eatable substance, an article of food. 
(chiefly in 7.) ; 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. : Age Introd., Birds, fishes, 
and other edibles. 1 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u, 1. 11. 
Impositions upon Edibles. 1859 Sata Tw. round Cloc 
(1861) 357 The delightful hampers of edibles and drinkables. 
1864 Daily Teil. 23 Dec., What will be the effect of the 
introduction of this new edible? 

Hence Edibleness ;= EDIBILITY. 

1772 in Scott Bailey's Dict. 1775 in Asn; and in mod. 


Dicts. 
Edict (7-dikt). Also 3 edit, 5 edycte, 6 Sc. 
edik, [ad. L. edictum (the earliest form a. OFr, 
6 


EDICT. 


edit), f. edicére, f. @ out+dicére to say. In 16th 
and 17th c. accented on the last syllable.] 

1. That which is proclaimed by authority as a 
rule of action ; an order issued by a sovereign to his 
subjects ; an ordinance or proclamation having the 
force of law; esp. the edicts of the Roman pretors, 
and subsequently of the em rs, and of the 
French monarchs. dict of Nantes, an edict 
issued by Henry IV of France, granting toleration 
to the Protestants; revoked by Louis hngel a 

1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 11966 Pe edit ywis. pat was n 
ofteolgwerks. 1483 Caxton Cazo A iij, He dyd doo make an 
edycte or decree. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 12 With ane 

[they] « it that edik. 1541 E.yvor /mage Gov. 
114 The Creditours to be compelled by an Edict of your ma- 
iestee, to holde them with rep of the s 
.. of the th that they lende. 1651 Hospes Leviath. u. 
xxvi. 147 The Edicts of Pretors, and of the Aidiles. 1683 
Brit. Speculum 60 Monarchsat first governed. . byimmediate 
Edicts, 1711 Stree Spect. No. 97 ®4 By Our Royal Resolu- 
tions declared in this Edict as follow. 1752 JouNson Rami, 
No. 204 ?9 He therefore fixed upon the gate of the palace 
an edict, 1845 Graves Rom, Law in Encycl. Metrop. 777/1 
Constitutions of Justinian, erey called edicts. 1875 
Poste Gazus 1. (ed. 2) 34 Edicts were 2 mica ordinances 
issued by the emperor .. and were analogous to the edicts 
of the prztors and ediles. 

Jig. 1590 SHaks. Mids, N.1. i. 151 If then true Louers 
haue beene euer crost, It stands as an edict in destinie. 
1597 Hooker L£ccl. Pol. v. Ixvii, The generall Edicts of 
nature, 1878 BrowninG La Saisiaz 68 Law, Now styled 
God's, now Nature's edict ? : 

2. Sc. ‘The name of a writ whereby all con- 
cerned were called by proclamation at the market 
cross or church-door, to appear for their interest 
in some cause. . . The term is used in ecclesiastical 
law for certain notices made to a congregation 
from the pulpit’ (Barclay Digest Laws Scotl. s.v.). 

1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. 1. vi.214 In 1636 the Council 
of Aberdeen ordain a public edict to be served at both the 
Kirk doors and at the College gate. : 

+ Edi'ct, v. Ods. rare—'. [ad. OF. édicter.] 
trans. To publish (a law) ; to decree. 

1652 Gaute Magastrom. 362 Some of them [Lycurgus’ 
laws] were such that old wives and slaves might easily have 


both predicted and edicted. ; 
di [ad. late L. edictalis.] 


ictal (2diktal), a. 
a. Of or pertaining to an edict or edicts; consisting 
of edicts. b. In Scotch Law: That is done by 
means of an ‘edict’ or public proclamation. Edictal 
citation: a citation (formerly) made by public 
announcement in cases where personal citation was 
impossible, e.g. when the person cited was resident 
outside the kingdom. The term is still retained, 
though the procedure which it strictly denotes is 
no longer used : see quot. 1880. 

1814 Scott in Lockhart (1839) IV. 215 All edictal cita- 
tions are made at Scalloway. 1854 Blackw. Mag. LXXVI. 
565 That reservoir of equity, the pretorian or edictal law of 
Rome. 1868 Act 31 § 32 Vict, c. 100 §95 The Lord Ordinary 
shall also appoint edictal intimation thereof to be made by 
publication in the record of edictal citations. 1875 Poste 
Gaius 11. (ed. 2) 327 Patrona mother of two children 
had .. the edictal rights of patronus. 1880 BarcLtay Digest 
Law Scott. (ed. 4) 334 Edictal Citations or Intimations. In 
the case of foreigners, these were formerly given at the 
market cross of Edinburgh, and pier and shore of Leith. 
This is now more judiciously done by leaving the copies at 
the Office of Edictal Citations. : 

Hence Edi‘ctally adv., in an edictal manner; by 
public proclamation. 

1868 Act 31 & 32 Vict. ci. § 30 Publication has been made 
edictally in Edinburgh. 1887 Scotsman 31 Jan. 10/2 On 
1gth November she charged him edictally to make payment. 

+ Edi‘ction. Os. Also 5 ediecion. [ad. L. 
édiction-em, f. as Epior.] Edict, command. 

©1470 Harninc Chron. Ixxxix. i, To Bedes dayes y’ 
Scottes .. obeyed his ediccion. _ Marseck Bk, Notes 
231 In the former ediction of the Councell. 

+ E-difi:able. 00s. rare—. [f. Eprry + -aBix, 
in trans. sense: see -ABLE.] Fitted to edify; 
eatyings rofitable. 

x6r2 T. Taytor Comm, Titus iii. 2 And with these all 
opportunitie of good and edifiable speach perisheth. 

+ Edi‘ficant, a. Ods. [ad. L. wdificant-em, pr. 
pple. of adificare to build.] _Edifying. 

1642 Br. or Durnam Presentm. Schismatic 11 The Apostle 
hath prescribed rules for lating the Ceremonies of the 
Church, one whereof is Edification, and what is edificant, 
the same as also significant. « Ducarn Verses on Ga- 
taker 73 Edificant It [his pen} was, like those bless’d 
builders, who Stood on their guard, and stoutly builded too. 
[ad. L. wdificdtus, pa. 
fae of edificare to build.] Built up, constructed, 

nstituted, arranged. 


Lynpesay Test. Pa, 110 The 
ficate With holsum herbis. a@1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus u. 
582 That proper place sa weill edificate. 

So Edi‘ficate v. zare—°. trans. 

1623 CockEraM 1, To Build, Fabricate, Edificate. 

Edification (e:difikzi-fon). [ad. L. adification- 
em, {. adificare to build, Eprry. 

1. Building. rare in mod. use. 

1549 W. Tuomas Hist. Jtal. rob About 700 yeres after 
the edificacion of Rome. 1599 Haxtuyr Voy. Il. 111 


The castle..is not onely ion the I have 
seene, but edification. 1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. 


The 0 promoted 
tributing to those Workmen neither more nor less than their 
1-33 Stryre Eccl. Mem. 11.1. 1. ii. 261 Officers to 
make all manner of provision for the edification of the said 
fortresses. 1805 Ann. Rev. 111.236 The exhibition of 
the edification of palaces. 1859 JerHson Brittany xviii. 293 
Church-edification is everywhere the order of the day. 

+b. concr. A building. Ods. 

1432-50 tr. ge (186s) I. 405 To make edificacions in 


cites. 1! Discov. Witcher. xv. ii. 320 He 
throweth down also the enimies edifications. in 
Biount Glossogr. and in mod. Dicts; not in Baitey, Joun- 
son, or AsH. 


e. fig. Building up of character, etc. 

1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1V.v. App. iii, The whole period 
of youth is one essentially of formation, edification, instruc- 
tion. 1870 Swinsurne Ess. 6 Stud. (1875) 165 The religi 
idea, as opposed to Philistine demolition or to Philistine 
edification. on: 

2. fig. In religious use, after Gr. ol*odopy in 
1 Cor. xiv: The building up the church, of the 
soul, in faith and holiness; the imparting of 
moral and spiritual stability and strength by suit- 
able instruction and exhortation. 

1382 Wyciir Rom. xiv. 19 And kepe we tho thingis to 

idere that ben of edificacioun, that is, to bylde soulis to 

euene. c1440 Gesta Rom. \xiv.276(Harl. MS.) Noble and 
profitable wordis, to edificacion of be peple. a LaTIMER 
Serm. Ploughers i.67 Devilish ploughing, the which worketh 
to have things in Latin, and letteth the fruitful edification. 
1611 Bisce 2 Cor. x. 8. 165x Hospes Leviath. mi. xxxvii. 
236 To the edification of God’s people. 171r0 Norris Chr. 
Prud. v, 202 To build up men in Faith and Holiness of 
Life, that which we properly mean by Edification. a@ se 
J. H. Newman ist. Sk. 11. 1v. xi. 417 In providing for the 
religious necessities of posterity, they were directly serving 
their own edification. 
b. Mental or moral improvement, intellectual 
profit; instruction. (Now often zvonical.) 

1660 W. Secxer Nonsuch Prof. Pref. 16 The design of 
this Peece is not the ostentation of the Author, but the edi- 
fication of the Reader. x T. H[ate) Acc. New /nvent. 
p. Ixxvii, For the Edification of the Citizens of our Me- 
tropolis in Loyalty. 1772 Priesttey /ust. Relig. (1782) I. 
199 Promote .. mutual edification by every proper means. 
1 SHERIDAN Sch. Scand. v. ii, It certainly is edification 
to hear him talk. 1826 Scotr Woodst. iii, Where was the 
edification of all this? to De Quincey Whiggism Wks. 
VI. 39 That he might distribute his edification in equal pro- 
portions. 1875 Jowett P/ato (ed. 2) 111.206 Kindly answer, 
for the edification of the company and myself. 

+ Edi-ficative, a. ?Ovs. [f. L. erie 
stem of adificdre + -IVE.] Edifying ; adapted to 
promote spiritual improvement. 

c1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xxxviii. 78 (Gibbs MS.) 
Gostly comforte of hem by hys edyfycatyf [W. de W. 1530 
edificacyon] and holy wordes. x Caxton Vitas Patr. 
(W. de W.) 1. xxvi. 24a/1 His worde was edyfycatyff that 
they whom he endoctryned put in effecte..all his doctryne. 
1530 R. Wuitrorp a Household (1533) A, So that 
..it Sholde be .. edificatyve and profitable. 1634-46 Row 
Hist. Kirk (1842) 328 Whilk exercises .. proved verie edifi- 
cative to those who were partakers of them. 

Hence +E difica:tively adv., in an edifying 
manner. 

2¢1830 (title) The Dialogues of Creatures moralysed, ap- 
pl ably and edificatyfly to euery mery and iocunde Mater, 

Edificatory (edifiketari). [ad. L. wdifica- 
torius; see prec. and rad | Intended or suited 
for purposes of religious edification. 

X Br. Hatt Cases Consc. x.(R.) An exercise so bene- 
ficially edificatory to the church of God. 1678 Lively Ora- 
cles viii. § 31. 316 Some parts of it .. are not so .. edificatory 
to us. 1882-3 Scnarr Relig. Encyci. 11. 1613 The edifica- 
tory character of Neander’s history. 

ce (e‘difis), Also 6-8 edifice, 7 edifyce. 

a. F, éddifice, ad. L. adificium, {. wdis temple, 

ouse + -ficium — 

1. A building, usually a large and stately build- 
ing, as a church, palace, temple, or fortress; a 
fabric, structure. 

BF Cusen ome 2 1 and oe Pon 

ifices. 1475 CAXTON Jason (1477) 71 wi 

shal orde Zolempne edifices and houses for the cite. a4 
Leann /tin, IV. 72 The zxdifices of the Abbey have beene 
made by many men in continuance. 1 Suaxs. Merry 
W. u. ii. 225, Lhaue lost my edifice, by mistaking the place, 
where I erected it. 1605 Harrincton View State Jrel. 
(1880), Hee cold not preach to edifye the Church, P vel hee 
will bee famows to all posterytye for edifyces in the Church. 
3162r Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii. 1v. (1651) 270 The inner 
roomes of a fair-built and sum edifice. r7tx Dis- 
senting Teachers Addr. agst. Bill for 50 new Churches 10 
Shall this be done for a few ungodly steepled Aidifices? 
x H, Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 1. 128 

‘or you will see under water .. the ruins of many edifices. 
rd Freeman Archit, 14 A moist and a dry climate require 
different kinds of edifices, 

b. transf. and fe 

1711 Appison Sfec?. No. 98 P 1, I am not for adding to the 
beautiful Edifices of Nature. 1845 S. Austin R 's Hist. 
Ref. 1. 485 The edifice of anew church must have been raised 
= a pa a basis. aphe| pS em ao pe 

» § 5. 223 the integri judgment of these 

Aoaostil wil depeod seulty the whale eiiies of tin 

niversity, 1878 Mortey Carlyle, Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 197 
The corner-stone of Comte’s edifice. ee 

+2. a. The action or P< of building or 
construction. b. Style of building, architecture. 


EDIFY. 
1580 NortH Plutarch 394 The Arsenall and Armory .. 
of and wonderfull edifice. 

Counsel» How. Br — ff a 
in ’ 
Edificial (eiif:al),«. sare. fad. late 
ficialis, ificium ; see prec. -AL. 

a. Of or pertaining to building, architectural. 
b. That 50 of See eaten ot ce. 

. Gard. The edi 
of Beesand Monarchical parte: aye Huet Kiners Ge, Brie 
1. 232 (R.) Mansions .. wi any striking edificial attrac- 
tion. 1830 Gatt Lawrie 7. v1. ii. (1849) 255 Long sur- 
E-ditier. rare. [f.next+-ER1,] a. A builder. 
b. One who edifies in a religious sense. 
Carcrave Chron. 21 Certeyn men and 

i of citees. 1678 Butter Hud. (R.) ; scorn their 

edifiers to own who them all their sprinkling lessons. 
. 4 ede-, edifien, 4-7 

edifie, 4-6 ede-, edy(f )fy, edifye, 6 edefie, 6-7 


eedify. [a. F. édifie-r, ad. L. xdificd-re, f. xdes, 
zxdis dwi ing +s Gre to make ; see -Fy.] 
1. rans. To build; to construct (a dwelling, 


edifice) of the usual building materials. rare in 
mod. use, 
ar1yo Hampore Psalter |. 1 edified be be waghes of 
ie . 4393 Lanct. P. P. ere -don hit on 
a day, and in dayes after Edefien hit efte newe. 
Ji Paston in Lett. 461. I. 113 A plase late be the seid Sir 
ohn edified at Caster. (3534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. 
(1846) I. x. 46 He did .. edefie a gate on the ¢ of the 


river Thames. 1641 Termes de la Ley 117 To take timber 
to edifie the house againe. 1704 HEARNE t. Hist. (ed. 3) 
I. 187 Babylon .. was ely edified the Assyrian 
Monarchs. 1 Loner. Gold. Leg. u. 118 names of all 


who had died in the convent since it was edified. 
tb. adsol. 

1400 Test, Love 1. (1560) 276b/2 Lo this man began to 
edifie, but for his foundement is (tt to the ende may he it 
nat ee ©1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. The see gravel is 
lattest, for to drie, And lattest may thou therwith edifie. 
1531 Exyor Gov. 1. viii, A man, whiche intendeth to edifie. 
1655 L’Estrance Chas. /, 124 To edifie at pleasure upon 
the Convent Garden. at 

+c. To furnish with buildings. 

cm: tr. Hi (1865) I. 199 Apulia is a coste of the 
see 0! Te gS OP an by Grekes. 1 
Spenser F,Q. 1. i. 14 Through countries waste, and 
well edifyde. : \ 

+2. To construct, set up, irrespective of the 
object, or kind of materials. Ods. or arch. 

1460 Capcrave Chron. 21 The puple edified ymages to 
her liknes. 1546 Ley Pol, Verg. De Invent. m. v.70 
Some b to edify cotages of boughes of trees. 1 
Spenser Virg. Gnat 661 And Sore did raise full a. 
A little mount, of greene turffs edi 1643 Str T. Browne 
Relig. Med. (1682) 5x She was edified out of the Rib of 
Adam. 1850 Neace Med. Hymns 155 The brazen sea That 
Solomon had edified. E < 

+b. To work up or fashion (materials) info 
a building or structure. Cf. Bumnp 5. Obs. 

1382 Wycuir Gen. ii. 22 And the Lord God edified the rib, 

the whiche he toke of into a woman, 


Adam, 
+e. fig. To build up, establish, organize (a sys- 
tem, institution, or law, a moral quality, etc.), to 
establish or strengthen SF poms 
a1340 Hamroe Psalter xxviili). 715] Pou gma ape 


& it edifye paim. ¢12374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. vi. 140 
Pere pat uertues edi bodie of be holy man, 
Ord. Whittington's Ailms-house in Entick London 768 


IV. 354 Inforcing himself to edifie and nourish 55 
among his felawes. 1461 Ord. R. Househ. 61 
ve ee .. to helpe in course pon 
tutes .. fore-tyme. 1! HITTYNTON s 
dey ethiyed schole called 


Offices 1. (1540) 34 Solon the 
f serodindh tet Athens. 1704 Swirt 7, Tub i, (1710) 28 To 


edify a name and reputation. 178 Gisson Decé. & ¥. III. 
xlix. 95 He secretly edified the throne of his successors. 
+d. To frame a notion ; ‘make out’, imagine. 
1645 Mitton Zetrach. Wks. 1738 1. 238, 1 cannot edify 
how, or by what rule of proportion that man’s virtue cal- 


es. 

+e. intr. To take form, grow; also fig. to 
wre <r Ch 4, Obs al 
sang teeta tony ys sowle in phere: hag ot 


1622 Bacon ry VII, 160 

little edifie with the le of pe go 1646 Six T, Browne 
Pseud. Ep. 147 Mt [the seed] to edifie in 
chiefe. a 1662 Heyuw 1. 142 But all this did not 


edifie with the House of Commons. 
¥. trans. In religious use; To build u 


(the 
church, the soul) in faith and holiness ; to t 


spiritually ; to strengthen, support. Also aéso/. 
ee use with distinct allusion to sense 1; 
sr poe a ae ir a 
197 Pe uelazrede of poure men, 
ur G . -hise mo3e wel edefie be uorbisnes. ¢ 
Sel. Wks, 111. 354 Petre and Poul .. token power of 
«. but for to ihe pe Chirche, c1440 Gesta Rom. xvi. 58 
(Aes. IS.) A al dons eee Oe to 
lle. 1g2ax More Heresyes 1. (1557) © whose 
deuout sermons the people were 
Brinxtow Compl, xxiv. (1874) 62 Thei were to e 
in amendment of Drayton. a To 
pi hn gh ne in > seen fon 
I . TL \ ason .. 
will edify a thousand times more than the at of wetting the 
awl Gtppo: 
; ints mutual accusations which 
& F. oe and . i to 


Constantine. .were 
Freeman Norm. ys App. 
751 perfect rosel ad tothe king’e prayers and ol 


ie 


* sa 


EDIFYING. 


b. To inform, instruct ; to improve in a moral 
sense ; sometimes zronzical. 

1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) G vb, His 
saiynges thus ended, the Senate was greatly edified ther- 
with. 160x Suaxs. 7'wel. V. v. i, 298 Looke then to be well 
edified when the Foole deliuers the Madman. 1606 — 77. § 
Cr. v. iii. 112 My loue with words and errors still she feedes 
But edifies another with her deedes. 1705 Stannore Paraphr. 
I. 3, I shall endeavour to edifie my Reader in the Virtues 

roper to these Purposes. 1845 B’Ness Bunsen in Hare Life 
Prey) II, iii. 84, [ have been much edified by seeing how 
your father and sister take the privation. 

+4. intr. To profit in a spiritual sense. Ods. 

1636 W. Samrson Vow-Breaker 1ij, Is there any man 
here desires to edyfie? I am in the humour of converting. 
1657 J. Goopwin Triers Tried 6 A Minister, whom they 


can cordially .. affect, or by whom they can edifie. @1670 | 


Hacker Adp. Williams 1, (1692) 188 And few will captivate 
their understanding to edify by a sacrilegious reformer. 
+b. To gain instruction generally. Odés. 

1610 B. Jonson A/ch. 1. i, I haue not edified more truely, 
by man .. since the beautifull light first shone on me. 1675 
Wycuertey Country Wife v. (1735) 104, I edify so much by 
example, I will'never be one [a husband]. a 1726 Vansr, & 
Cin. OU. Husé, 1. i, This is like to be a warm Debate! I 
shall edify. 1800 T. Jerrerson Wit. (1859) IV. 311 The 
great mass of our nation will edify and thank you. 

+ Evdify, sb. Obs. Erroneous form of Eprrice. 

1555 Even Decades W, Ind, 1. (Arb.) 153 The houses & 
other edifyes of this prouynce. 1555 — Moscouia § Cathay 
279 The rouffes of whose edefies are gylted & embowed. 

; g, vol. sb. [f. Eprry v.+-1nel] 
+1. The action or process of building; also 
concr. a building. Ods. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (1865) I. 41x At Brehenoc is a water .. 
where a man may see in clere Lagi meruellous edifienges. 
1513 Test. Ebor. v. (Surtees) 49 To the edifying of a portche 
to the church of Est Drayton xxs. 1517 TorKincton Pilgr. 
(1884) 32 Ther [the Sarrazins’] edifying wold not stonde in no 
wyse. 1602 FuLBECKE 2nd Pt, Parall. 13 The foundation, 
the edifying, and the endowment [of a church]. 

2. Spiritual instruction and improvement. 

1509 Fisuer Fun. Serm. Marg. C’tess Richmond (1708) 10 
To the edifyinge of other, by the example of her. 1542-3 
Act 34 § a5-Hen. VIII, i, Al maner of persons. .may reade 
.. the bible .. for their owne edifieng. 161x Biste Pref. 
5 For the., edifying of the vnlearned. 1705 STANHOPE 
Paraphr. (1709) IV. 542 My..End is Godly Edifying. 

E- » Ppl. a. [f. as prec. +-ING 2.] 

+1. at builds. Ods. 

1662 Futter Worthies (1840) II. 499 One demolishing 
hammer can undo more in a day than ten edifying axes 
can advance in a month. 

2. Tending to produce moral and spiritual im- 
provement ; instructive. In mod. use often zvonzcal. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1b, What so euer ye 
fynde therin, good and edifyenge, gyue laude and prays- 

nge to god therfore. 165: Hospes Leviath. 1v. xlv. 361 

heir Conversation..might..be..Edifying to others. 1767 
Forpyce Serm. Yng. Wom. I. v. 186 How edifying to the 
soul is this A ogviger sensibility! 1813 Syp. Smiru Wks. 
(1867) I. 224 The humiliating aad discanenes but at the same 
time most edifying spectacle. 1872 Morey Voltaire (1886) 
4x Voltaire’s spirit may be little edifying to us. 

Hence Erdifyingly adv., in an instructive or 
improving manner ; in mod. use often zronzcal, 

1662 Sparrow tr. Behme’s Theosoph. Lett. 3 He .. might 
thereby .. edifyingly .. quicken himself in a Christian bro- 
therly Union. 1702 Ecuarp Eccl. Hist. (1710) 305 Not so 
well or edifyingly instructed. 1876 Contemp. Rev. XXVII. 

The sermon was edifyingly platitudinarian, 
e, variant of ADILE. 

1820 Mair 7yro's Dict. (ed. 10) 2 Aedilis, an edile or officer 
who took care of the repair of temples and other buildings. 

Ediness, var. of Eapinsss, Ods., s.v. Eapt. 

Edingtonite (edintgnoit). JZ. [f. the sur- 
name Z£dington (see quot. 1825) +-1TE.] A greyish 
white translucent mineral, consisting chiefly of the 
silicates of alumina, baryta, etc. 

1825 Hawwincer in Edin. Fru. Sci. U1. 317 It is in com- 
pliment to that gentleman [Mr. Edington, in whose collec- 
tion Haidinger first saw the mineral] that the name of 
Edingtonite is here proposed, 1868 Dana Min. 417 Eding- 
tonite occurs in the Kilpatrick Hills, near Glasgow, Scot- 
land, associated with harmotome, another baryta mineral. 

+ Edipol. Oés. rare. [miswritten for L. edepol 
by Pollux. (Erroneously connected with exdis 
temple.)] Any common asseveration. 

©1450 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 579 Edefol, by the house of 
edepol. 1600 Dekker Gentle Craft Wks. 1873 I. 14 Away 
with your pishery pashery, your pols and your edipolls. 

Edit (edit), v. [(1) f. L. adit-us, pa. pple. of 
éedére to put forth, f. 2 out+dére to put, give; 
(2) back-formation from Eprror.] 

+1. To publish, give to the world (a literary work 
by an earlier author, previously existing in MS.). 
Chiefly in pa. pple., after L. adztus. Obs. 

1791 Enrietp tr. Brucker’s Hist. Philos, 11. 367 [Abelard] 
rote many philosophical treatises which have never been 
edited. 

2. a. To prepare an edition of (a literary work 
or works by an earlier author); so with the name 
of the author as obj., ¢.g. ‘to edit Horace, Shak- 
spere’, etc. b. To prepare, set in order for pub- 
lication (literary material which is wholly or in 

part the work of others). Sometimes euphemis- 
tically for; To garble, ‘cook’ (e.g. a war-corre- 
oes dispatch, etc.). @. To be or act as 
¢ Eprrok of (a newspaper or other periodical). 


43 


1793 V. Knox Lett. to Yng. Nobleman(R.), Read. .the few 
orations of Demosthenes, which Monteney has edited. 1835 
Dickens Le??. (1880) I. 3 To write and edit a new publica- 
tion, 1880 E. Wuite Cert. Relig. 72 The progress of science 
and art in editing from ancient manuscripts. 1885 Harfer’s 
Mag. Mar. 647/2 It has not been guilty of the .. folly of 
attempting to ‘edit’ the news. 

Hence Evdited f//. a. 

Mod, A carefully edited work. 

Editing (e'ditin). [f. Eprr v.+-1ncl] 
action of the vb. Eprr, 

1885 A thenzunt 15 Aug. 198/1 The ‘ Letters..’ have had 
the advantage of careful editing. 

Edition (¢di-fon). [a. F. 2d¢tion, ad. L. adition- 
em, f. édére to put forth, publish; see Eprr.] 

+1. The action of putting forth, or making public; 
publication. Obs. ¥ 

1551 Recorve Pathw. Knowl. Ep. to King, Desiring your 
grace not so muche to beholde the simplenes of the woorke 
+-as to fauour the edition thereof. 1577 tr. Budlinger’s 
Decades (1592) 111 Touching y® proclamation or first edition 
of the ten Commaundements. 1611 Speep //ist. Gt. Brit. 
1X, xix. (1632) 929 The said pretensed marriage was made 
..Without edition of banes. 1659 A. Lovepay in 2. Love- 
day's Lett, To Rdr., So tender was I of his honour in 
edition of his labours. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 
Pref., God never saw it necessary ..to correct and amend 
any thing in this great Volume of the Creation, since the 
first edition thereof, 

+2. The action of producing, or bringing into 
existence; hence, birth, creation (of orders of 
knighthood, etc.), extraction, origin. Ods. 

1599 SANDYS Europe Spec. (1632) 147 The great States 
of Italy .. are loth to have their Pope of a Spanish edition. 
1607 Cuapman Bussy D’ Amd, Plays 1873 11.17 The Duke 
mistakes him (on my life) for some knight of the new edi- 
tion. 1615 CrooKxe Body of Man 332 The Birth. .we define 
to be an Edition or bringing into the world of an infant. 
1656 Ear Mono. Advt. /r. Parnass. 211 Barons of late 
edition. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. iv. 151 Conse- 
quently the World .. is of a far later Edition than Eternity. 

+b. Kind, species ; fashion, ‘stamp’. Ods. 

ax625 Fietcuer Nice Val. 1. i, It kisses the forefinger 
still; which is the last edition. 1632 Brome North Lasse 
u. iv, Wks. 1873 III. 33 A large window, one of the last 
Edition. 1640 J. Ley Patterne of Pietie 155 The Saints of 
the old edition. 1646 H. Lawrence Communion with 
Angels 93 His condition, his spirit and his worke were all 
of a lowe and humble edition. 

3. concr. @. One of the differing forms in which 
a literary work (or a collection of works) is pub- 
lished, either by the author himself, or by subse- 
quent editors, b. An impression, or issue in print, 
of a book, pamphlet, etc.; the whole number of 
copies printed from the same set of types and 
issued at the same time. 

In the case of printed works the meanings @ and b are 
often coincident ; but an ‘edition’ (sense a) of a classic or 
the like, with a corrected text and critical or illustrative 
matter, being in a sense an independent work, may go 
through several ‘editions’ (sense b). It isawkward to speak 
of, e.g. ‘the second edition of Campbell’s edition of Plato’s 
Theetetus’; but existing usage affords no satisfactory sub- 
stitute for this inconvenient mode of expression. To say ‘the 
second impression’ would now imply an unaltered reprint. 
The word is sometimes used in a narrower sense than that 
of the definition of b: thus a ‘large paper edition’ may 
be printed from the same type as, and issued simultaneously 
with, an ‘edition’ on small paper; but it is also usual to 
say ‘ 100 copies of this edition are on large paper ’. 

{1555 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. (ed. 2) Aiij b, I haue now 
in this seconde edition taken about it such paines.] 1570 
Foxe A. § M. (ed. 2) 1885 Although sufficient relation be 
made before in our former edition to be seene, pag. 1277. 
1607 Sir W. Vaucuan Directions for Health (title page), 
The third Edition, 1624 Gataxer 7ransudst. 104 Their 
severall Editions. .sochoppedand changed. 1662 STILLINGEL. 
Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. §1 He might make use of the Edition of 
Causinus. 1703 De For 7rue-born Eng. Expl. Pref., I 
have mended some faults in this Edition. 1712 Appison 
Spect, No. 470? 1 Upon examining the new Edition of a 
Classick Author. 1782 Priestiey Corrupt Chr. I. Pref. 21 
There are different editions of many of the authors. .I have 
quoted. 1807 M. Bamtuie Mord. Anat. Pref. 22 In prepar- 
ing this Third Edition for the press. af Hatiam //ist, 
Lit. I. 1. iv. §63 Above 60 editions of the Opands Furioso 
were published in the 16th century. 1845 STEPHEN Laws 
Eng. 1. 185 [King John’s] charter was finally altered, in its 
last edition, by ioe the third. Mod. The latest edition 
of this evening’s paper, 


The 


1828 Stevarr Planter’s G. 51 Boutcher had another plan 
bs = Pompe ae is PS better edition of sant oan 

arding’s system. 1856 in Century Mag. (1887) May 95/2 
We cannot hazard a second edition of imbecility. 9 

+ Edition, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. the sb.] trans. 
To make an edition of; to issue, publish. 

1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. m. 4 The Jesuit Petavius’s 
Chronological Tables were exiition'ds 

Hence + Edi'tioner. Ods. rare. = EpiTor. 

@1646 J. G[reGory] Maps § Charts, Posth. (1650) 321 That 
necessarie Guide, added to a little, but not much aug- 
mented, by the late Editioner. 1658 W. Burton Jtin. Anton. 
18 You have there BovBoviav, which the dexterity of the 
Editioner, or Interpreter hath turned into BopBoviav. 

Editor (editor), [a. L. editor; see Eprr, Epr- 
TION.] One who edits. 

+1. The publisher of a book (cf. Fr. éditeur). 

1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. 1. v. (1650) 33 Otherwise some 
Interloper may perhaps underhand fall upon the work at a 
lower rate, and undoe the first editor, 


2. One who prepares the literary work of another 


EDMEDE. 


person, or number of persons for publication, by 
selecting, revising, and arranging the material; 
also, one who prepares an edition of any literary 
work, 

_ 1712 Appison Sfect, No. 470 P1 When a different Read- 
ing gives us..a new Elegance in an Author, the Editor 
does very well in taking Notice of it. 1745 Pore Notes 
on Shaks. (J.), This nonsense got into all the editions by a 
mistake of the stage editors. 1748 Anson Voy. Introd., 
‘The Editors of a new variation-chart .. have .. been misled 
by an erroneous analogy. 1831 J. Davies Manual Nat. 
Med. Introd., The Editor conceives that the plan laid down 
here is, etc. 1863 Burton Bk. Hunter 302 The editors of 
club books are not mere dreary drudges. ’ 

3. es. One who conducts a newspaper or peri- 
odical publication. 

1803 G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 111 The Editor of the True 
Briton, 1823 Coppetr Kur. Rides 146 This blunder-headed 
editor of Bedl’s Messenger. 1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 
248 The editor of the daily newspaper. 

4. Antig. [L. editor ludorum.] The exhibitor 
(of Roman public games). 

1880 L. Wattace Ben-hur vy. x. (1884) 283, I have here 
the notice of the editor of the games, just issued. 

Hence Editor v. ¢rans., to treat (a person or 
work) as an editor does. E:ditored ff/. a., pro- 
vided or furnished with an editor. E’ditore:ss 
= EbIrress. E-ditorless a., without an editor. 

1826 Blackw. Mag. X1X. 335 Some laggardly editorless, or 
ten editor’d periodical. 1836 /did. XL. 766 Lady Blessing- 
ton is registered .. editoress of half-a-score of books. 1883 
Trotore A utodiog. 11. 123 ‘Two or three literary gentlemen 
by whom to have had myself editored. 

Editorial (editorial), a. and sé. 
-(1)AL.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to an editor; proper 
to, or characteristic of, an editor. 

1744 AxeNsIDE Let, in Poems (1845) 30 He has intirely 
dedicated himself to .. editorial criticism. 1794 Parr in 
Brit, Critic Feb.(T.), Lambin .. and Heyne also.. seem to 
have considered it as part of their editorial duty, etc. 1850 
CartyLe Latter-d. Pamph. iv. (1872) 117 In spite of edi- 
torial prophecy. 1837 Dickens Pickw. (1847) 234/2 Bless 
our editorial heart. 

B. sd. A newspaper article written by, or under 
the responsibility of, the editor; a ‘leader’. 

1864 Spectator 539 Mr. Bennett. .thinks that ‘an editorial’ 
is the highest style of composition known. 1866 Mrs. Stowe 
Lit. Foxes 14 To set up the editorial of a morning paper. 
ages Harper's Mag. Mar. 601/1 The Daily Proteus sent 
Jack twenty dollars .. for two editorials. 1887 Pal? Mall 
G. 15 Oct. 12/1 Finely worded editorials. 

Hence Edito'rially adv., in an editorial manner 
or capacity; as an editor does. +} Edito'rialship 
= EDITORSHIP, 

1818 Blackw. Mag. 111. 142 You are editorially exonerated. 
1826 J. Gircurist Lecture 34 During his Editorialship he 
must have been a kind of Consul or Dictator in the Re- 
public of Letters. 1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 789/2 She 
wrote editorially for a London paper. 1885 Manch. Exant. 
14 Apr. 8/6 The anticipations which .. you ventured edi- 
torially to give expression to. 

E-ditorship. [f. Eprror + -surp.] a. The 
duties, functions, and office of an editor. b. The 
tenure of that office. e. Editorial superintendence. 

1782 Tyers Hist. Rhaps. on Pope 14 (T.) The editorship 
of Shakespeare. . Pope afterward undertook. 1812 Examiner 
28 Dec. 831/1 Captain Benjafield, who was formerly Editor 
of the Morning Post, has been charged .. with obtaining, 
during that editorship, an annuity. 1813-40 W. Girrorp 
Massinger's Wks. (1840) 447/1 If such portentous lines as 
these may introduced without reason, and without au- 
thority, there is an end of all editorship. 1882 Pesopy 
Eng. Fournalism xix. 144 The Daily Telegraph, under the 
editorship of Mr. Edwin Arnold. 

ditress (e‘ditrés). [f. Epiror + -xss.] A 
female editor. 

1799 W. TayLor in Robberds Jem. I. 286 The editress .. 
has inserted the French letter to Anquetil du Perron, 1826 
Gentl. Mag. Sept. 244/1 The fair Editress has got up this 
work judiciously and tastefully. 1884 Bazaar 17 Dec. 648/1 
The editress of this volume. .is herself an authoress. 

+ Edi-tuate v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. L. edituat-, 
ppl. stem of xditudr?, f. xditu-us, transl. vewxdpos 
‘temple-keeper’ in Ac/s xix. 35, where the ‘ town- 
clerk’ of Ephesus speaks of that city as ‘temple- 
keeper’ (A.V. ‘worshipper’) of Diana.] (See quot.) 

1646 J. G[recory] Notes § Obs. x. (1684) 49 The Devotion 
whereof could not but move the City [Ephesus] .. to affect 
the Dignity and Title of the Newxédpos, to edituate such a 

iece of Divine Office. 1732 in CoLes. 1775in AsH. 1818 
in Topp ; and in mod. Dicts. : 

+E-dlen. Ods. [OE. ediéan, f. Ep- + OE. léan 
reward; cf. OHG. z¢/éz of same meaning.] Reward. 

¢888 K, AELFRED Boeth. iii, § 4 Pet edlean be du. .gzehete. 
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 103 Fordon bid pe lesse his edlen bere 


dede. 

+Edmede, si. Ods. Forms: 1 éadmédu, 3 
ed-, a8-, eSmede. [OE. éad-, ¢apmédu, abstr. f. 
éad-, éapméd, Evmov, (OE. éadmédu = OS. édmédi, 
OHG. étmuott; OE. éapmédu = OS. Wmuodt, 
OHG. édmuoti.)| Gentl » humility. 

c1000 Ags. Ps. cxviii[xix]. 92 pet ic on minum eadmedum 
eall forwurde. cx120g Lay. 21866 Jeornden Ardures grid 
& his admeden. did, 10013 Purh his 2dmeden. 

+E-dmede, 2. Ods. [OE. éadméde, éapméde, f. 
Epmop a. (OE. éadméde = OS. édmédi, OHG. 
dtmuoti; OE, éapméde=OHG. a Humble, 

-2 


[f prec. + 


EDMOD. 


c 1000 Ags. Ps, cxv. 1 [cxvi. eee Ic eom eadmede 
¢ para Lon, Hom. 115 Pe edmeda riche .. mei beon g' 


“+ Evdmod, a. Obs.; also eadmod, edmeod, 
eddmod, admod, aBmod. [OE. ¢éadmédd, phonetic 
variant of & , f. éape, Eatu + méd Moon ; the 
exact equi t (type *aupu-médo-) does not occur 
in continental Teutonic, but the derivatives in 

-médjo- (= EDMEDE a.) and in -médin- (=EDMEDE 
sé.) are found with forms llel to the OE. éap-, 
éad-; seeEDMEDEs).anda.} Gentle, humble, meek. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 29 Ic eom bilwite and eadmod 
on heortan. pie 5s Lamb. Hom. 5 Pes we ahte to beon 
pe edmoddre. Jbid. 113 Drihten .. 3eued pan edmeodan 
streinbe. ¢1200 ORMIN 10837 ZEddmod allse cullfre. ¢1200 

Trin. Coll. Hom. 89 Ich am milde and admod on — 
ex Lay. 25571 Purh pine admode [c 1275 edmode] on 
ae 1 mi sweuen to selben iturnen. a@1225 Ancr. R. 
276 Si pu wilt beon edmod, benc euer Lage pe Ad wonted of 
holinesse. c 1275 Lay. 23255 Ie 

Hence E'dmodi a. [cf. OH hace sari -y] 
= Epmop. Edmodien v. ¢rans., to humble. 
Edmoded ///. z.,meek. E’dmodle3ec [see -Lock], 
humility, gentleness. E*dmodliche adv. [see 
-Ly2], humbly, meekly, E-dmodness [see -NESS], 

gentleness, humility, meekness. 

Br 888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xii, Crist eardad on pere dene 
eadmodnesse. axx75§ Cott, Hom. 221 Mid alra edmod- 
nisse .. Jearnian mid admodnisse. /éid. 237 His admoded 
dead ofer com.and fordede ure sorize and 3elice dead. 
©1175 Lamb. Hom. 17 Crist .. eadmode hine seolfne bet he 
wes iboren of ure lefdi. did. 89 Cristes apostles weren 
wuniende edmodliche on heore ibeoden on ane upflore. 
¢ 1200 OrMIN 17649 Forr to berr3hen xddmodli3 be werelld 
pburrh hiss are. did. 19297 Full off babe, off millce, off 
are, off addmodle33c._ a 1225 Ancr. R. 94 Pe anui pet heo 
her uor his luue edmodliche polied. id. 130 Heo holded 

. bet heaued lowe puruh milde edmodnesse. did. 246 Pe 
edmodies monnes bonen purled pe weolcne. bid. 278 
Makied edmod [7. C. eadmodied] our heorte, 

ness, variant form of EaApNESS, Ods. 

+ Edo:ceate, v. Obs.—° [incorrectly f, L. edocé- 
vré+-ATE3,] ¢rans. To teach. 

CockERAM Ul, To teach, Edoceate. 

‘e ‘docke. Ods. [OE. éa-docca, f. Ea water, 
river + Dock.] Some broad-leaved water-plant ; 
? the Clote or Yellow Water-lily (Wuphar /utea). 

c 1000 AErric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 136 Nimphea, eadocca. 

Stnon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 28 Lilium aqguaticum, 

edocke ; flos ejus nenufar. Sak (Anecd. Oxon.) 
94 Lafppacium Agquaticum..angl. waterdokke uel edokke. 
[1884 Ho.tanp Cheshire Gloss. cE. D. S.) Eddick, the bur 
or burdock (Ardium Lappa); also Errick.) 

+ Edo'ctrinate, v..0ds. rare—'. [f. E- + Doo- 
TRINATE.] ¢rans. ‘Po teach thoroughly, train. 

1625 Suirtey Love-tricks 11. v, In what kind of comple- 
ment please you, venerable sir, to be edoctrinated? 

+ Edord, zt. Obs. rare—1. Variant of Avon. 

1694 Ecnarp Plautus 92 Edod, I thought the remem- 
brance o’ your last wife had frighted you from matrimony, 

Edoes, variant of Eppoxs. 

+ Edo'mic, a. Ods. rare—'. In 7 -ique. [f. 
Edom, another name for Esau + -1¢.] (See quot.) 

1659 R. Gett Amendm. Last Eng. Bible 296 Even the 
Edomique nature, the animalis homo who wrongs his brother 
the s spiritual & ad man. 

‘domitish, a. [f. £domite inhabitant of 
Edom +-1sH.] Pertaining to Edom; characteristic 
of the Edomites. In 17th c. sometimes used allu- 
sively with reference to Ps. cxxxvii. 7. 

1641 W. Hooke New Eng. Tears 6 A right Edomitish 
— for Edom rejoiced over the children of Judah, etc. 

a isn Animadv. Wks. (1851) 240 This is a more 
1645 — Colast, ibid. 


(e:dri,pfpee'lmian), a. and 
sb, [f. mod.L. edriophthalma sb. pl. (irregularly 
f, Gr. €5pa seat + dpOadp-ds eye) + -IAN.] 
A. adj. Belonging to or resembling the Ldri- 
trea or ‘ sessile-eyed’ Crustacea (including 
e Prawns, Shrimps, etc.) B. sd. An individual 
¢ that order. 


Huxtey Anat. Inv, An. alan 
the toma is more 


E omitish conceit than the former. 
peio Job" 's] Edomitish Freins. 
drioph 


bp rosy or of 


So EB driophtha‘imons, a. [see ocr 
._ 1877 Huxtey Anat. Jnv. An. vi. 285 The head .. of an 
Insect, or Edriophthalmous Crustacean. 
pic, Sc. var. of HyprRopie. 
+ Edro:ppit, //. a. Sc. Obs. 
DROPPED, affected with dropsy. 
1536 BeLLENDEN Cron, Scot, 1x, xxi, (Jam.) His wambe 
throw immoderat voracitie was swolin as he had bene 
edroppit [énstar hydropici inflatus). 
_wauoability (edi#kabiliti). [f. EpvcABLE a. ; 
Vly of bet The Pa of being educable ; capa- 


bility of 
97 Educability of Aniepie. 
tilit. Philos, x. E070) 3 
4 85 (89g) Bp Bisds of the Parrot tribe are preven i 
vd Tr ec are 
aot 79. i pre-eminen' 


“Baucable ‘(edistkab'l), a. [as if ad. L. *aduca- 
by ie =! éduca-re to educate.) Capable of being 
educated. 


Variant of Hy- 


ts 


44 


Be, Awad on VII1, xiii. in Oxf 
yo good wyttes and norysshed. 
1861 Rpg borg Remin. v. (ed, 18) 118 The hospital where 
was 

ucate (e' “distkeit), vw. [f. L. aducat- ppl. 
stem of éducdre to rear, bring up (children, young 
animals), related. to adiicére 4 lead forth (see 
Epvuce), which is sometimes used nearly in the 
same sense.] trans. or adbsol. 

+1. To rear, bring up (children, animals) by 
supply. of food and attention og an wants, Obs. 

opsELt Four-/. Beasts ane pirotan & —_— 
huey on atten done , if they were well bred & 
educated. 165 Wirtte tr. Primrose’s | Pop. Err. 292 A boy 
of a good habit of body, with large veines, well om freely 
educated. 1690 [see bucatep]. 1818 [see 2]. 

2. To bring up (young persons) from childhood, 
bed = to form (their) habits, manners, intellectual 

d physical aptitudes. 

oe Botton Florus 1. i. 3 Himselfe Rig erp) in the 
Rivers and Mountaines, among which he had beene edu- 
cated. 1818 Cruise Digest VI. 336 A rte day . to the intent 
that with the profits he should 1839 
tr. Lamartine’s Trav. East 168/1 The — amongst 
— [Greeks] have their children educated in — 

Fp opetd Plato (ed. 2) V. 40 The youth 7 a le 

aca be educated in forms and strains of virtue. 

b. To instruct, provide schooling for (young 
persons), 

1588 Suaxs. LZ. L. L.v.i. 84 Do you not educate youth 
at the Charg-house on the top of the Mountaine? 1863 
Mary Howirr tr. /. Bremer’s Greece 1. i. 13 It has edu- 
cated, and it educates to this day, a great portion of the 
Athenian female youth of all classes. 1863 A. Tytor Educ. 
& Manuf. 40 It costs 8d. per week to educate a child. 

To train (any person) so as to develop the in- 
tellectual and moral powers generally. 

1849 Kincstey Lett. (1878) I. 198 In my eyes the question 
is not what to teach, but how to Educate. 1875 JowreTt 
Plato (ed, 2) V. 120 Elder men, if they want to educate 
others, should begin by educating themselves. 1886 Pad/ 
Mall G. 10 July 4/2 Our artists are not educated at all, 
they are only trained. 

. To train, discipline (a person, a class of per- 
sons, a particular mental or physical faculty or 
organ), so as to develop some igen aptitude, 
= or disposition. Const. Zo, also i 

pe Rca Ess. Hist, Wks. (Bohn) I. 11 And the habit 
Pr supplying his own needs educates the body to wonderful 
performances, 1847 — Repr. Men.v. Shaks. ibid. 1. 359 Our 
ears are educated to music by his rhythm. 1867 Disrarut 
in Scotsman 30 Oct., I had to prepare the mind of the 
country, and to educate,—if not too arrogant to use sucha 
phrase,—our party. Mod. He is educating himself to eat 
tomatoes, - ; ' 

b. To train (animals). 

1850 Lane Wand. /ndia 2 No horses, except those edu- 
cated in India, would crawl into these helen cut out of the 
earth and rock. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. 1. xxix. 389 The 
dogs of Smith’s Sound are educated more thoroughty than 
any of their more southern brethren. 

Educated (edizkcited), p/. a. [f. Envcate a. 
+-ED.] That has received education, mental or phy- 
sical; instructed, trained, etc.; see the vb. Often 
with an adverb prefixed, as hal/-, over-, well-. 

1670 R. Coxe Disc. Trade 60 A Merchant better educated, 
and more conversant in Trade, may better understand it, 
than a Privy Counsellor, who is not so educated, and less 
conversant in it. 1690 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Tender- 
farnel, a very nicely Educated creature, apt to catch Cold 
upon the least blast of Wind. 1845 Disraew S; (1863) 
67 He was over-educated for his intellect. dave seemed ACAULAY 
Hist. Eng. U1. 320 Lochiel .. might feces 
ignorant to educated and travelled E 1882 TT 
ti. Buunt Ref. CA. Eng. U1. — Bat Pasties were 
peed educated nor reverent, en St. Ber- 

vd's 168 Every half-educated.. 

“b. transf. Carefully tended, sth a into mane 

1842 Spoor “yr E. Morris 131 Slight Sir Robert with 

ee le And educated 
+ B. as ia The person educated, 

1673 O. Wacker Education 213 It concerns. . Parents and 
Educators to see that educated converse as much as 
may be with his..superior. /éid 107 It will be the Teachers 
care and Educateds endeavour. 

E:ducatee’. xonce-wd. [f. EpucaTE v. + -EE.] 
One-who is subjected to the process - education. 

1815 T. Peacock Nightmare A It is the oe piece 
of academical learning that the finished od educatee retains. 
yg Review 111. 53/2 It is not enough for the educator 
to pour fact after fact into the educatee. 


‘ducating, A//. a. [f. EDUCATE + -InG],] 
That educates. 


1856 Masson Chatterton u. iii. (1874) 166 O month of June, 
1770! and is this the kind of educating circumstance you 
provide for Chatterton? 


Education Celia! fon). [ad. L. education-em, 
f, educdre; see Epucate v. and -t10N.) ~ : 
The process of nourishing or rearing a child 

person, an animal. Odés. 


ucate his daughter. 


1549 T. nee Se education 

.. Of infantes at this if ‘nae Boorpe 
wh (eho ag eal ye ~* an Engl 
stronge, ‘igen wh vi cons 

3 eee op. Evy. 185 The people di 


~ 


ig ore 


EDUCATIONAL, 


SS eae 
ae Yn. Thay has) Sclght 


“The of silkworms ; 
umber of * bide at one time.” 


process of ‘ bringing w Sy persons) ; 
‘manner in which a person has been hi 


or employauat 
prepares fret (85. exc. wi : notion of 3. 
Pa A Etyor L ik. (2 aight) 1 


bringing noble children. 1593, F yee “sag Pol.t. 
vB ty and ep easing are fg 


our naturall faculty of 
Shr. — ii. 20, I Christopher fees Sue education a 


1624 care See Eo Virginia 1. 10 Their .. 
handy perl and educations, are much like in that 
of ves we now inhabite. Miron Educ. Wks. 


part 

(1847) com, soit racer ead ucation .. fits a man 
to -of peace and war. 

an 1647 path yr Hist. Reb. 7 {x703) 3 II. 206 He 

» and whereof 


The etcaictanngiiags schooling or train- 
ng given to the young reparation for the work 
of life; by extension, similar 4 instruction or train- 
ing obtained i in adult age. Also, the whole course 
of scholastic instruction which a person has re- 
ceived, Often with limiting words denoting the 
nature or the infant subject of the instruc- 
tion or kind of life for which it p as classical, 
legal, medical, technical, commercial, art education. 

1616 BainsLey Lud. Lit, 1oltmuch every parent 
to see their Oo to have the best education and —— 
tion. 1670 R. Coxe Disc. Trade 71 Education in 
and Numbers. 1748 Gray Comment Educ. § Govt. Whe 
1836 I. 152 The pr of ed sh« k 
eer think in the eon climates, and act in the southern. 

Burke Corr. (1844) IV. If you eee to put your 
7 erical education, or any aie gaat jucation, 
under their direction or control. Pot Staurt Sports § 
Past. 1. i, 3 As early. as the ninth century .. hunting con- 


—— an essential part of the education of a young noble- 
1809 by oon ght Wks, (1859) 1. 183/2 Education gives 
fecundity of thought uickness, vigour, fancy, words, 
Ons es, and SBuoraticas 1812 J. Henry Camp. agst. 
fone, vachaeaial aucbiuan cok coment educa- 
tions, substantial freeholders in our own country. 1862 Sir 
B. Bropie Psychol. be Pe IL. di 73, Hours of relaxation truly 
[are] as y apart of as hours of study. 
b. The training of animals. 
1538 Starkey Zugland Pe Saga haukys a — 
houndys, of whose ed have grete 
Latuam 2nd Bk. Falconry Cae tg By which poate in 
per neteiall fants = be as pases in 
nowledge pth yy as wilde Haggard her 
ae * Samias that that bred her, 


Se Martineau /reland iii. 52 There is another 
kind of education always going forwards... the education 
of circumstances. 1860 ‘Tempr.e in Essays & Reviews 1 The 
education of the world, 

4. [From sense 3, influenced by sense 2 and 
sometimes by the quasi-etymological notion ‘draw- 
ing out’.] Culture or development of powers, 
formation ‘of character, as contrasted with the im- 

rting of mere knowledge or skill, Often with 
imiting word, as intellectual, moral, Mystal 


1860 Mit &, Govt, (1865) 66/2 Among the foremost 
beneftts of emai a jucation of the intelli- 
gence and of the sentiments. 

fais whereas Fealy isthe ponecsion 
facts, whereas it 


‘omb, 
1662 Gianvitt Lux Orient. 682) Pref. These prepos- 
dis - fade hir py Mae 


ion-receptions, 
. 2794 Maruias Purs. Lit. (2798) 218 The = 
fortunate Education which Hurd happened 


ian subj ’ 
Educational (edivkéfanal), a. Lf. prec. 

+1. pag Madar SoD tion. OF 
Ma a gi yay 30 : 


EDUCATIONALIST. 


bear{s} an evident affinity to the old Cretan .. institutions. 
1840 Mitt Diss. & Disc. (1859) I1. 192 The regeneration 
.. of our educational institutions is an object of more 
urgency, 1876 Grant Burgh Sch, Scot/. Pref. 5 The history 
of educational progress in any country, can hardly fail to 
be interesting to the historian. ; 

Hence Educa‘tionally adv., with reference to 
education ; from an educational point of view. 

1845 R. Hamitton Pop. Educ. viii. (ed. 2) 196 Educa- 
tionally considered, the sister isle is not an ignorant country. 
1881 Atlantic Monthly XLVII. 296 Educationally he has 
been of service to us, and merits our thanks. 1886 Durhane 
Univ. Frul. 20 Feb. Bd Durham course is educationally 
better than what a Theological College is able to offer. 

a‘tionalist. [f. prec. +-1sr.] One who 
makes a study of the science or methods of educa- 
tion; an advocate of education. 

1857 Toutm. Smitu Parish 498 The real philanthropist 
and educationalist of our day. 1869 A. J. Extis Z. £. 
“Pronunc.t. iv. § 3. 314 note, T. W. Hill..a well-known 
orthoepist and educationalist. : 

Educa‘tionary, ¢. [f. Epucation + -anry.] 
Concerned with education. 

1879 C. R. Smitu Addr. Strood Elocut Class 5 Founders 
of educationary Clubs. .have overlooked Literature. 

Educa‘tionist. [f. as prec. + -1st.] = Epuca- 
TIONALIST, 

1829 Blackw. Mag. XXV. 130 The sensitive educationists 
‘of this thin-skinned age. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. 
ll. v. 209 Educationists have written for and against the 
system of giving school prizes. 

E-ducationize, v. rare. [f. as prec. + -1zk.] 
To subject to education. adso/. in quot. Hence 
E-ducationized Afi. a. 

1835 7ait’s Mag. 11. 405 Lord Brougham’s attempts to 
educationize, without teaching religion or morals. /ézd. 
406 The. .religiously educationized portions of the public. 

Educative (e'dizkétiv), a. [f. L. educat- ppl. 
stem of éducdre (see Epucatr) +-I1VE.] 

1. Of or pertaining to education. 

1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 52 The educative 
theory .. was simple but effective. 1885 Manch. Exam. 
10 aie 4/7 During the educative process. — ; 

2. That has the power of educating ; bearing 
upon or conducive to education. 

1844 Emerson Zss. Laferience, The plays of children 
are nonsense, but very educative nonsense. 1869 M. 
Pattison Ser, (1885) 192 Theology affords the materials 
of a true and a truly educative knowledge. 1872 M. Cor- 
Lins 2 Plunges for Pearl I, ix. 198 Educative endowments 
.-designed for both sexes. 1881 Nature XXIV. 161 Sug- 
gestions..towards making our schools healthy. .and educa- 
tive centres, ’ 

Educator (e'dizkeitoz). [a. L. aducdtor, agent- 
noun f, éducdre; see EDUCATE v.] 

+1. He who or that which nourishes or rears 
physically. Ods. 

1566 Painter Pal. Pleas 1. 43 [The female breast] that 
most sacred fountaine of the body, the educatour of man- 
kinde. 

2. One who or that which educates, trains, or 
instructs. 

1673 [see Epucatep B]. 1735 BerkELey Querist § 203 
Wks. 1871 III. 372 Modern educators of youth, 1859 C. 
Barker Assoc. Princ. Mid, Ages i. 9 They were .. educa- 
tors of the poor in their schools. 1875 Jowerr Pato (ed. 2) 
IV. 276 Language .. is the greatest educator of mankind. 
1885 Manch. Exam. 10 Sept. 5/4 Lord Randolph Churchill, 
who is the guide. and educator of his party. 

Educatory (e‘diskeitori), a. [f. dducat- ppl. 
stem of éducare+-ory.] That has an educating 
influence. . 

1845 R. Hamitton Pop. Educ.-vi. (ed. 2) 137 That educa- 
tory regimen of which Scripture is the rule and end. 1878 
Moztey Rud. Jdeas ii. 53 ‘The ideas which His own educa- 
tory providence has since instilled. __ 

Educatress (e‘didvkcitrés). [f. Epucator + 
-EsS.] A female educator. 
~ 1805 Ann. Rey. II. 544 This supposedly exemplary 
mother too was the educatress of Caligula. 1815 Monthly 
Rev. LX XVI. 500 Hospitality will become the educatress 
,of the human race. = ¥ 

Educe (¢dizs). [ad. L. ediicére, f. 2 out + 
diicére to lead.] : 

+1. pass. To bé led forth, branch out (said of 
a river, a blood-vessel). Ods. Soe 

1432-so0 tr. Higden (1865) I. 69 The firste floode .. the 
invndacion of whom is educede in to Ynde. 1578 BanisTER 

Hist. Man vu. 93 Where the vessels are inserted and 


‘educed. ~:~ - . 
+2. Med. To draw forth so as to'remove. Ods. 
a@1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 140 Medicine will .. work 
on icknesse, educe it. 1658 J. Rozinson Ludoxa 
ix. 50 Warm Water .. doth, as an emetick vehicle, often 
educe superfluous and putrid humours, < é 
8. To bring out, elicit, develop, from a condi- 
‘tion of latent, rudimentary, or merely potential 


“existence,” : 

1603 Six C. Hevpon Yud. Astrol. vii. 187 The Heatiens 
are efficients, which educe the forme out of the matter 
-of the corne. i6x2-5 Br. Hatt Contempi. xix. vii, He 
‘educeth warmth out of that corps. a@x652 J, Smirn 
Sel. Disc. x. iii. (1856) 475 Hell is not so much induced, 
as educed out of men’s filthy lusts and passions. 1669 
‘Gate Crt. Gentiles i. 1. iii. 42°Chaos was that ancient 
slime, out of which al things were educed. 1781 CowrER 
Hope 155 [Hope] has the wondrous virtue to educe From 
-emptiness itself a real use.- 1816 CoLeripée Lay Serm. 
-328. ion—consists in educing the faculties and form- 
te the habits. 1840 Cartyte Heroes (1858) 356 Given 


45 


a world of Knaves, to educe an Honesty from their united 
action. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. (1877) 1. vi. 105 
Anaximenes found the original Element in air, from which, 
by rarefaction and condensation he educed existences. 

b. Chem. To disengage (a substance) from a 
compound in which it already existed ready formed ; 
contrasted with produce. Cf. Epucr sé. 

1805 Harcuerr in Phil. Trans. XCV. 312 note, Educed 
by the action of the nitric acid on the original principles of 
the dragon’s blood. 

¢e. To draw forth, elicit (a principle, the result 
of a calculation, etc.) from the data. 

1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxxviii. (1870) II. 353 
Notions .. which we educe from experience, and build up 
through generalisation, 1871 Biackiz Hour Phases 1. 101 
From the careful comparison of facts to educe laws. 1880 
Kinciake Crimea VI. viii. 181 A Statist will quickly educe 
what he calls the ‘percentages’. 

4. To evoke, give rise to (actions, manifesta- 
tions, etc.). 

1879 Farrar St. Paud I. Introd. 8 The circumstances 
which educed his statements of doctrine. 


Hence Edu'cement, the action or process of | 


drawing out or developing. Edu‘cible a., that 
can or may be educed. Edu'cing v0/. sb., the 
action of the verb Epucr; a bringing out or 
drawing forth, 

1665 GLANVILL Scefs. Sci. xviii, By educing, the affirmers 
only mean a producing. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles If. 1. 
157 Faith is natural, i.e. educible out of the potence of 
corrupt nature. 1678 Cupwortu /utedl, Syst. 1. iii. § 31. 
137 All manner of life .. is .. educible out of nothing and 
reducible to nothing again. 1842 H. E. Manninc Sevw. 
(1848) I. xvi. 237 The educing of a new creation out of the old. 
1868 Contemp. Rev. VIII. 612 The new impulses it minis- 
tered to the educement of the individual consciousness. 

Educt (7:dvkt). [ad. L. eductem, neut. pa. pple. 
of éducére to Epuce.] That which is educed. 

1. Chem. ‘A body separated by the decomposi- 
tion of another in which it previously existed as 
such, in contradistinction to product, which denotes 
a compound not previously existing, but formed 
during the decomposition’ (Watts Dect. Chevt.). 

1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 197 To form an idea of the com- 
position of this stone .. we must consider the educts of its 
analysis. 180§ Hatcuerr in Phil. Trans. XCV. 299 In 
the first experiment it was obtained as a product, and not 
asaneduct. /ézd. 312 vote, Consequently the latter .. is 
considered as an original ingredient or educt. 1875 H. 
Woop Therap. (1879) 628 The black coloring-matter of such 
urine is in all probability an educt from carbolic acid. 

2. A result of inference or of development. 

1816 Cotertipce Lay Seri. 320In the Scriptures, they 
are the living educts of the imagination. 1857 Sir W. 
Hamitton Reid 784 All our Knowledge is an Educt from 
Experience. 1865 Reader 22 July 86/3 Throw revelation 
overboard, and its educt, natural theology .. must bear it 
company. 

+ Edu‘ct, v. Ods.rare—!. [f. L. aduct- ppl. stem 
of ediicére; see prec.) trans. = Epuce. 

1683 E. Hooker Pref. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 105 Educted, 
or brought forth out of the Womb of pure Nature. 

Eduction (dm kfon). [ad. L. &duction-em, noun 
of action f. @dicére to lead forth.] 

+1. a. A leading forth or out. 
forth (of the tongue). Ods. 

1649 BuLWER Pathomyot. 1. x. 233 This ironicall educ- 
tion of the Tongue. 1654 Trapp Comm. Fob i. 13 Israel’s 
eduction out of Egypt. 1659 T. Watt Char. Enemies of Ch. 
x19 God ascribes their eduction from /Zgypt..unto Moses. 

+2. Med, Removal by drawing forth. Ods. 

ing ‘OMLINSON Renou’s Disp. 139 We need not suspect 
any harme by the eduction of some of them. 1684 tr. 
Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xiv. 493 The eduction of the Matter 
is hindred. 1710 T, Futter Pharm. Extemp. 180 The 
true cure. .consists in the.. Eduction of..Phlegm, — 

3. The action of drawing forth, eliciting, or 
developing from a state of latent, rudimentary, 
or potential existence; the action of educing 
(principles, results of calculation) from the data. 
Also concr, = Epucr. 

1655 D. Caren entation 78 But the work [of sin] must 
begin at the inward eductions and motions of the will. 
1 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w. ii. 295 This eduction .. 
of the Light should be hp and be continued .. for the first 
three Days of the World. 1678 Phil. Trans. XII. 938 The 
most ancient Atheistick Hypothesis was the Eduction of 
all things..out of Matter. 1686 Goap Celest. Bodies 1. 1x. 
35 The Power of Matter, and Eduction therefrom, are 
meer Words. ¢ 1840 Sir W, Hamitton Logic App. (1866) 
IL, 257 The logicians have. limited reasoning. .to a mediate 
eduction of one proposition out of the correlation of two 
others. 1865 Masson Rec. Brit. Philos. 70 [Sensible ob- 
jects] are not the actual existences out of us, but only 
++ eductions by our physiology out of a ‘something’. 

4. The bringing on or occasioning (an event). 
Cf. EDUCE v. 4. rare. 

a 1806 K. Wutre Rew, (1811) II. 280 We see .. men sedu- 
lously employed in the eduction of their own ruin. 

5. Steam-engine. a. The exit of waste steam 
from the cylinder either to the condenser or into 
the atmosphere ;. chiefly a/tvib., as in eduction- 
pipe, -side, -stedm, -valve; but now almost en- 
‘tirely superseded by Exuaust. b. Short for 
eduction-valve. : 

1782 Warr Specif. of Patent No. 1321 The steam rushes 
into the eduction-pipe.. - 1829 R. Sruarr Anecd. Steam 
Engines Il. 374 5 F Exhausting or eduction valves. 1835 
‘Sin J. Ross V.-W. Pass. ii. 14 Having led the steam from 


b. A putting 


EDWARDIAN. 


the eduction Pipe. 1839 R.S. Rosinson Naut. Steam Eng. 
102 The steam will be cut off.. but the eduction will re- 
main open. 1841 Scotr Russe.t Steam Engine 201 The 
eduction valves, ports, and passages by which the steam 
enters the condenser. 1859 W. Rankine Steam Eng. (1861) 
486 An eduction valve .. to let the steam escape to the 
condenser. 

Eductive (cdxktiv), a. [f. L. aduct- ppl. stem 
of édicére to EDUCE + -IVE.] 

ta. Med. Bee to draw out (ods.). 

ing the function of eliciting or developing. 
_ 1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. 165 Every humour .. hath 
its proper eductive Cathartick. 1667 BoyLe Orig. Formes 
§ Qual., The power of Matter in reference to Forms is 
partly Eductive. 

Eductor (#dmkta1). [a. L. auctor, agent-noun 
f. edticéve.] He who, or that which, educes. 

1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) I. 84 A stimulus must be 
called an eductor of vital ether. 

Edulcorate (‘dv lkérét), ppl. a. rare. [ad. L. 
édulcorat-us ; see next.] Softened, sweetened. 

x810 Bentuam Packing (1821) 112 An excuse such as 
might have been expected to.. call forth sympathy and 
edulcorate feelings in the bosom even of the most obdurate 
Judge. 1819 H. Busk Dessert 459 Edulcorate juice from 
every clustering vine. 

Edulcorate (‘dz lkireit), v. [f. L. &dulcorat- 
ppl. stem of édulcorare, f. out + dulc-or sweetness.] 

+1. To sweeten, make sweet. Obs. 

1661 Lovett //ist. Anim. §& Min. 415 Giving to the in- 
fants .. water of succory, endive, and violets edulcorated. 

5 LYN Zerra (1729) 31 Dung of Swine .. is said .. 

to edulcorate .. fruit so sensibly as to convert the bitterest 
Almond into sweet. 1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 60 
Strain off, and edulcorate with Sugar to make it palatable. 

2. To free from harsh and acrid properties ; to 
purify, soften. 


b. Hav- 


1641 Frencn Déstidd. iii. (1651) 75 Edulcorate it .. by 
boiling it in spirit of Vineger. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. 
Compit. uu. 108 ‘This Vinegar impregnated and edulcorated 


225 


with the Lead. 1762 Gentl. Mag. 225 
edulcorating vicious train-oil. 

3. Chem. To free from soluble particles by agita- 
tion or trituration in water, or by washing on a 
filter. 

1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chent. 14 By evaporating the 
corrosive Menstrum, then edultorating [sic]. 1683 SALMoN 
Dom. Med. \xi. 320 Which you may edulcorate by many 
washings. 1754 Huxuam in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 858 
Let the salt be well washed off, and the mass well edulco- 
rated. 1832 G. Porter Porcelain § Gl. 218 The silex which 
is precipitated by this means must then be edulcorated and 
dried. 1844 North Brit. Rev. U1. 72 He might..edulcorate 
the muriatic and fluoric radicals. 

Hence Edwileorated ff/. a. Edu'leorating 
vl. sb., Ppl. a., softening, sweetening, purifying. 
Edu:lcora‘tion, the action or process of washing 
away particles soluble in water. 

1660 Character of [taly 83 We will allay the bitterness 
of this potion with the edulcorating ingredients of their 
virtues. 1718 CHAMBERLAYNE Redig. Philos. (1730) IL. xxi. 
§ 27 This the Chymists call Edulcorating, that is to say, 
making sweet or fr 1758 Elaboratory laid Open 241 
The edulcoration may be sufficiently perfected by such an 
ablution, 1776 Phil. Trans. LXVI. 609 A precipitation. . 
after edulcoration and exsiccation, weighed forty-two grains. 
1782 WituerinG in Phil. Trans. LX XII. 332 The edul- 
corated powder was now perfectly white. 1805 GreEGoR 
tbid. XCV. 336 The last portion of edulcorating water 
dropped through the filter of an opalish hue. 1866 GrivFin 
Chem. Handicraft (Heading of Chapter), Filtration, Perco- 
lation, Edulcoration. 

Edulcorator (¢dv'lkoreiter). [f. as prec. + 
-oR.] a. One who, or that which, edulcorates. 
b. ‘A term for a dropping-bottle or a wash- 
bottle’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1669 WorLiDGE Syst. Agric. (1681) 135 Swines Dung .. 
is supposed to be a great Edulcorator of Fruit. : 

+ Evdule, a. and sé. Obs. rare. [ad. L. ediilis, 
f. ed-cre to eat.] =Eprpie A and B. 

1699 Evetyn Acetaria x Sallets .. are a Composition of 
Edule Plants and Roots of several kinds. did. (1729) 168 
So many rare Edules unknown to the Ancients. 

So also Edu‘lious a., in same sense. 

1682 Sir T. Browne 7racts (1684) 13 Pease, beans, or 
such edulious pulses. did. 63 And so, producing an edu- 
lious or esculent Fruit, is properly named Esculus. 


Edward (edwaid). [f. the proper name.] A 
coin of one of the Edwards: a. The ‘angel’ of 


Experiments for 


-Edward IV, or the ‘noble’ of Edward III. b. 


Edward shovelboard,a broad shilling of Edward VI, 
frequently used in the game of Shovel-board. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 1._i. 158 Two Edward Shouel- 
boords, that cost me two shilling and two pence a peece. 
c1817 Hocc Tales §& Sk. IV. 9 The golden Edward, 
with three holes in it, with which I presented my Mary. 

Edwardian (edw9vdiin), a. [f. as prec. + 
-IAN.] 

1. Archit. Belonging to, or characteristic of, the 


-reigns of the first three Edwards. 


1861 A. B. Hore Zug. Cathedr. 19th C. ii.'65 A style 
.. transcendent in the combination of grace and majesty— 


the style of Edwardian England, 1884 A thenzum 1 
~216/2 A. .splendid speci f th 


P P of the 
keeps typical of the Edwardian period. 


ic type of MS 


- 2. Belonging to the reign of Edward VI. In 
‘this sense also Edwa‘rdine. 


1866 LittLepaLe Cath. Ritual Ch. Eng. 11 This enact- 
ment of the Edwardi nament was din 1662. 


> 


EDWIT. 


1882-3 Scnarr Relig. Encyci. \. The Edwardian re- 
formers iled the First Book of fawnrd. 

+ E-dwit. Ods. Also 3 edwit, edwyte. [OE. 
edwit=OS. edwit, Lips. Gloss. OHG. ttawiz 
(MHG. ttew?z), Goth. tdweit:—OTeut. *eduwito-m, 
f, *eduwtt-an to reproach; see Epwirzv.] Re- 
proach, rebuke, taunt ; taunting speech. 

c8a5 Vesp. Psalter \xviiifix}]. 8 Fordon fore Se ic aber 
edwit. cx1ooo Ags. Ps. Ixviiilix], 9 Me eac fela pinra 
edwita on zefeollon. c120g Lay. 5827 Heorten we haueden 
sare and ure cun edwit auere mare. 1 R. Grouc. 379 
He made hym somdel wrob, Vor edwyt of hys grete wombe. 
¢1430 Hymns Virg. 124 (MAtz.) Hytt was full grett dispyte 


So offte to me edwyte. 

+ Edwi'te, v. Oés. Also 1 edwitan, 3 ead- 
witen. [OE. edwitan str. vb. :—OTeut. *edo-, edu- 
witan, not represented exc. in Eng.; the OHG. 
ttawizian (MHG. itewtzen), Goth. idweitjan wk. 
vbs., are f. the derived sb. *edowito(m Epwit), f. 
edo-, edu-, Ep-+witan (OE. witan) to impute, 
blame. Cf. Arwit.] 

1. ¢vans. To taunt, blame, reproach. 

c825 Vesp. Psalter \xviiilix]. 10 Edwit edwitendra de 
zefeollun ofer mee. a1a2g Ancr. R. 212, &3if per is out to 
eadwiten. a1300 Commandm. in E. E. P. (1862) 16 Pat we 
ssold edwite is worpi wound. 1388 Wycuir Ecclus. xx. 15 
He schal edwite many thingis. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 
7o To Conscience pei adwiten me. 

2. To make (a thing) a subject of reproach /o a 
person. Const. dat. or fo. (Sometimes with obj. 
sentence instead of acc.) 

c1230 Hali Meid. 37 We ne edwiten nawt wiues hare 
weanen. ax240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 253 Ha wid 
hokeres edwited ant up breided euch an his sunnen. 1377 
Lancu. P. Pl. B. v. 368 His [wif] gan edwite hym po How 
wikkedlich he lyued. 1388 Wyciir Wisd. ii. 12 He vp- 
breidith [C. edwiteth] to vs the synnes of lawe. ¢1430Staus 
Puer 28 in Badces Bk. (1868) 29 Be not to hasti upon breed 
to bite Lest men perof Do pee edwite. 

Hence Edwi'ting wd/. sb., the action of reproach- 
ing or rebuking; a rebuke, reproach. 

1388 Wycuir Wisd.v. 3 These. .we hadden. .intolicnesse of 
vpbreidyng [C. ether edwiting]. — Eccéus. xviii. 18 marg., 
The resseyuere .. aschamed of edwitingis doon to him. 

Ee, orth. and esp. Sc. form of Ey, q.v. for the 
word and its compounds, ¢e-bree, ce-/ist, etc. 

*Ee. Colloq. contraction for YE. 

1775 Suerwwan St. Patr. Day. i, Hark’ee lads, I must 
have no grumbling. 

-ee, suffix |, used in technical terms of Eng. law, 
was orig, an adaptation of the -¢ of certain AF. 
pa. pples., which were used as sbs. The existence 
in legal AF. of pairs of correlative words like 
apelour APPELLOR, afelé APPELLEE, seems to have 
led in the first place to the invention of words in 
-ce parallel to those agent-nouns in -or which 
had been adapted in legal use from AF.; and 
subsequently the terminations -or and -ee were 
freely added to Eng. vb.-stems to form sbs., those 
in -or denoting the agent, and those in -ee the 
passive party, in such transactions as are the 
object of legislative provision. The derivatives 
in -ee, however, unlike the AF. participial sbs. 
after which they were modelled, have not usually 
a grammatically passive sense, but denote the 
‘indirect object’ of the vbs. from which they are 
derived. Thus vendee is the person to whom a 
sale is made, indorsee the person in whose favour 
a draft, ete. is indorsed, /essee the person to whom 
property is let. With still greater departure from 
the original function of the suffix, payee denotes 
the person who is entitled to be paid, whether he 
be actually paid or not. In a few cases the suffix 
has been appended, not to a verb-stem in Eng. or 
AF., but to a Latin ppl. stem etymologically re- 
lated to an Eng. sb., as in /ega/ee, a person to 
whom a /egacy has been bequeathed. 

2. The use of this suffix in law terms has been 
freq. imitated in the formation of humorous (chiefly) 
nonce-words, as zestee, — ese gc 
sendee, denoting the personal object of the ver 
from which they are formed. 

3. In a few words, as dargee, devotee, the suffix 
is employed app. at 

4. -ee also appears in the — spelling of cer- 
tain sbs, adopted from mod. F, ppl. sbs. in -¢, as 
debauchee, refugee. 

-ee, suffix, of vague meaning and obscure 
origin, In dcotee, coatee, where it has a diminutive 
force, it may (though not very probably) be an 
altered form of -y (in Sc. -ée). In other words, as 
goatee, settee, the analogies that may have given 
rise to the suffix are uncertain. 

+ Eefe, a. Obs. [Corrupt f. Earn a.] Easy. 

1578 T. Procror 4 G, It is as eefe a broken 
syve Should holde the ing rayne. 

Eegrass Pen. dial. Also 8 eagrass, [Of 
unknown etymo ; ef. WSom. eargrass (yo1- 
gras) ‘the annual or biennial grasses sown upon 
arable land’ (Elworthy).] = Eppisu, Ep@row, 


46 

1669 Worupce Syst. Agric. (1681) 325 Eddish .. or 
Eegrass, the .. Grass that comes after M ing. 1725 
Braptey Fam. Dict., Eddish, otherwise called .. 

1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life 256 An’ we've a-trod 
the sh bliade Ov eegrass in the hiad 

Eel (zl). Forms: 1 &l, eol, 1-6 ele, 5-7 eele, 
6 Sc. eill, (5 3ele,6 ye(e)le, 7 yeel), 6- eel. 

Com. Teut.: OE. #/ = MDu. ae/ (Du. aa?), 

HG. &/ (Ger. aal), ON. dll (Da. aal, Sw. al) :— 
OTeut. *#/o-z. The ultimate etymology is un- 
known; the hypothesis that the word is cogn. 
with the synonymous L, anguilla, Gr. éyxeAvs, is 
untenable. 

1. a. The name of a genus (Anguilla) of soft- 
finned osseous fishes, strongly resembling snakes 
in external appearance. The best known species 
are the Common or Sharp-nosed Eel (4. anguilla) 
found both in Europe and in America, and the 
Broad-nosed Eel or Gric (A. /atirostris). The 
true eels are fresh-water fishes, but migrate to the 
sea to spawn. b. Used (both in popular and in 
scientific language) as the name of the entire family 
Murexnide, comprising the true eels with several 
other genera, notably the ConcER. 

c1000 JExrric Codlog. in Wr.-Wiilcker 94 Hwilce fixas 
er bu? £las and hacodas, etc. c1o0o Sax. Leechd. 

I. 308 Hrefnes geallan .. & eles, & feld beon huniz men; 
to somne, all Chart. Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 
242 Foure pousend eol in lenton to carite to de abbot. 
1300 Havelok 897 A carte lode .. Of grete laumprees, and 
of eles. c1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 50 Fyrst flyghe byn 
elys, in pese hom smyte. 1§28 More Heresyes 1. Se 
(1557) 165/2 A blynde face full of snakes and eles together. 
1528 Payneii Salerne Regimt. O iijb, The yele is an vn- 
holsome fyshe. 1586 Cocan Haven Health clxxvi. (1612) 
140 An old yeele is wholsomer than a yong. 1671 SALMON 
Syn. Med. ut. \xxxi. 707 The fat..of a mole, eele, or 
serpent. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 538 P 3 They passed to 
eels, then to parsnips, and so from one aversion to another. 
1802 Binctey Anim, Biog. (1813) II]. 2'The Common Eel 
.. forms a connecting link .. between the serpents and the 
fishes. 1866 Geo. Exiot /. Holt (1868) 27 It is a lucky eel 
that escapes skinning. 1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads 
xxxi. 237 The siiversvallied eel or bed-eel .. corresponds to 
the sharp-nosed eel. : 

ce. In fig. phrases, as the type of something 
‘slippery’. 

1524 Dx. Norrotk in St. Papers Hen. VIII, 1V. 224 
Whosoever have hym best, is no more sure of hym, than he 
that hath an ele by the tayle. ?%¢ 1600 Distracted Emp. 
v. iv. in Bullen O. P/. IIT. 258 They have sweete eeles to 
hould by. 1791 Newte Tour Eng. § Scot. 374 He may 
possibly take an eel by the tail in marrying a wife. 

+d. Salt cel: a rope’s end used for flogging. 
Ods. {From the use of an eel-skin as a whip. ] 

1663 Perys Diary 24 Apr., With my salt eele went down 
in the parler and there got my boy and did beat him. 1699 
B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Sailt-eel, a Rope’s end used to 
Drub the Boies and Sailors on board of Ship. 

2. Applied popularly to various other fishes re- 
sembling eels in their snake-like form. LZvectric 
eel:=Gymnotus, ine-eyed eel: the River Lam- 
prey. Sand eel: the Launce or Ammodyte. 

1705 Ray Syn. Piscium (1713) 154 Sand-eel (Given as a 
synonym for the launce]. 1810 P. New Fishes in Forth 
30 (Jam.) Lesser epee .. The popeet name Nine-eyed- 
eel arises from the spiracles being taken for eyes. 

8. The popular name for the minute animals 
(resembling an eel in shape) found in vine; 
(Anguillula aceti) and in sour paste (A. glutinis). 
They are Entozoa of the order Vematoidea. 

1746 Suzrwoop in PAil. Trans. XLIV. 67 The Eels in 
sour Paste are the Animalcules in Question. 1783 Cuam- 
pers Cycl. Supp. s.v., The long bodied animalcules, dis- 
covered by the microscope in vinegar, sour paste, etc. .. 
have been generally distinguished..by the name of eels. 
1881 CARPENTER ‘Micreecape (ed. 6) 695 Anguiliule or 
‘Eels’ of the microscopist. 

4. U.S. A nickname for a New Englander. 

1837"40 Haisurton Clockm. (1862) 318 The eels of New 

Eng and the corncrackers Virginia. 
5. General comb.: a@. attributive, as ee/-doat, 
freak, -fry, -line, -man, -net, -oil, -pie, -river, 
-trap, ~weir, and eel-like adj. and adv. ; b. objec- 
tive, as ee/-catching, -fisher, -netting. 

1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads vi. Tha *eel-boats 
are = the Noah's ark of child ood. /bid. xxxi. 
237 Nat ists can only rely upon the observations of those 
whose occupation is connected with *eel-catching. /did, 
vi. 43 —_ the night the *eel-fisher sits in his cabin .. 
waiting for the eels the stream will bring to his net. /éfd, 
xxxi, 235 The “eel fisheries are nearly as valuable as the 
salmon fisheries. 1882 Blackw. Mag. Jan. 10x This si 
*eel-freak. /did., Thousands and of *eel-fry all 
alive in the bodies of eels. 1685 Bovte Effects of Mot. iv. 

1 The *Eel-like particles of water. Dicxens O. 
Twist vii, Eel-like positions. 1871 B. TayLor Faust 1. iii. 
C4 *Eel-like gliding, Skipping and hiding. 1883 G. C. 

vies Norfolk Broads xix. 137 Formerly *eel-lines, with 
a thousand hooks ope Kate intervals .. used to be set. 
lbid. xxxii. 251 The * » li so much on the water 
.» become hog observant. 14 i 
set across the dyke to catch Howser in its long ‘ poke ’ 


1769 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Hi . (1778) 155 An *Eel 
1849 Soutney Comm.-Pi. Ser. 1. 340 Monstrel- 
let mentions horseloads of eel-pies brought from 


Lus- 
nock Sct. Lect. i. 5 The bladders are on the feof an 
*eel-trap, having a closed entrance with a flap w per: 


mits an entrance, but the unfor- 
easy ee, ee ee 

Jarm, xvii. 180 At various points in the course of the rivers 

*eel-weirs are placed. 


enter, but preventing their escape; eel-backed a. 
(see quot.) ; eel-bob (see Bos sd.1 7); eel-buck 
(see Buck sé.4) ; eel-cake (see quots.) ; eel-crow 
(see quot.); eel-fork = ExL-sPEAR; eel-grass, 
U.S., aname for GRASS-WRACK (Zostera marina), 
and for other grass-like sea and river weeds; eel- 
hut, the hut occupied by an eel-fisher when en-_ 
gaged in fishing; eel-leap, dia/. [Leap basket] = 
eel-basket; eel-pick = EEL-SPEAR; eel-picker, 
one who fishes with an eel-pick; eel-pot=cel- 
buck ; so eel-picking vbl. sb.; eel-putchon, -set, 


4° lob-worms on to worsted 
for the purpose of making an “*eel-bob, 1866 Sat. Rev. 
I 


21 Apr. 471/1 The present alleged — ights for netti 
an Ses backs are to be revised. 1883 7e Davies Now 


Solk Broads xxxi. 235 On the Thames .. the eels are inter- 
cepted in their descent by weirs or frameworks holding 
basket-work traps, called ‘eel-bucks’. 1653 Watton Angler 
x. 189 Small les .. The poorer sort .. make a kind of 
*Eele-cake of them, and eat it like as bread. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. 1. 213 *Eel crow [given as the popular name 
of Columbus migratorius). 1864 Lowe, Fireside Trav. 
45 The kelp and *eel-grass left by higher floods. 1883 G. C. 
Davies Norfolk Broads xxxii. 250 In these ae § *eel-huts 
.. the eel fishers sat watching their nets. 1877 E. Peacock 
N.-W. Linc. Gloss. (E. D. S.) a an eel- made 
of wickerwork. 1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk B: xxxi. 
238 They [eels] work down into the soft mud, far beyond 
the of *eel-picks and darts. /bid. xxvi. 203 The *eel- 
picker in his little punt .. is a common object on the flats. 
Lbid, xix. 143 *Ee -picking is an art in which some 

ae : sciine santo 


attain i an eel-p 

takes place on the Broad. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 
8 *Eel Pot, for use in salt water. /did. (ed. 4) 125 *Eel 
Putchons. .are the ordinary eel baskets that ase baieal and 
= in the river during the spring and summer months 
for eels. 157.. H. Mansuip Gt. Yarmouth in G. C. Davies 
Norfolk Broads xxvii, Certen “ele settes .. all soch fishe as 
usually are tacon in the seid settes. 1882 Blackw. Mag. 
Jan. 97 Eelsets .. are nets set athwart the stream for 

rpose of catching a. . ies of eel. bid. 98 The oldest 
Norfolk *eel-setters, G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads 
xxxii. 250 This (ebb and flow of the tide] militates — 
*eel-setting. 1877 E. Peacock W.-W. Linc. Gloss. (E. D. S.) 
*Eel- , a box with holes in the sides, in which eels are 
kept alive till wanted for the table. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. 
Catal. 57 “Eel Wheels or Traps. Lampern Spurts. 

Eel-bed. 1. a. A pond or preserve for eels. 
b. transf. A bivouac on De 2 ground. 

nity Coe. A 113 An Ele , anguillarium. 1813 
Sir. R. Witson Diary II. 430 The pains of an eel-bed. 

2. sl. A plant (Ranunculus fluitans). 

Eeler (i:lo1). [f. Exu+-zr1.] An eel-catchez. 

1851 Fraser's Mag. XLII. 2 artful eeler .. lets 
down « hank some cubits long of the intestines of a sheep. 

Eel (léai).  [f. Ext + -gry.] A place 
where eels are caught. 

oa ony a a at xvii. 371, The neg 
ancients, have their favourite eeleries. 1864 Q. Rev. Jan. 

1 Ce ee ee a a 
+4 British Isles. 

Eel-fare (flfée1). a. The passage of young 
eels up a river. b. A brood of young ecls (see 
ELVER). 

Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. i Say frye, spaume, or brode 
or 


yo ga Broads xxxi. 235 This ‘eel-fare 
Belhood (ilhud). nonce-wd. [f. Ext. + -Hoop.] 


The rank or condition of a full-grown eel. 

1864 Q. Rev. Jan. 185 Of the m that ascend our 
rivers few. .ever arrive at eelhood, 

Ee‘l-pout. (OE. #/e-puta, f. Ext + Pour.] 


1. One of two different species of fishes. @ = 

Bursor. b. = BLENNY. 

ny pgp Regge Bon 

mm : 

: a nie Hasse Fw, ae Se L 

pats like to 2, eet Pout or Burbokeshas & 
i like an Eel. Eo 

viviparus. Viviparous’ 


ene 
€: 


Fie 
a : 
aed 
i 
i 
Fe 
E3 


i 
i 
2° 
L 
ran 
La 
-{ 
i 


7 


is 
i 
: 
stk 
FS 
i 
s 

: 

E 


EEL-SKIN. 


Eel-skin. [f. Ezn + Sx1v.] The skin of an 
eel. + Merchant of eel-skins =?tag and bone 
collector. Also a#trié., as in eelskin-dress, a 
tight-fitting dress ; eelskin-queue, ?a pig-tail. 

1562 J. Heywoop Prov. § Epigr. (1867) 54 A marchaunt 
of eele skins. A marchaunt without either money or ware. 
1595 SHAKS. Yon 1. i. 141 My armes, such eele-skins stuft. 
Be Oversury Charac., Drunken Dutchm., When he’s 

¢, you may thrust your hand into him like an eele- 
skin. pg W. Irvine Knickerd. (1849) 308 He directed that 
he should be carried to the grave with his eelskin queue 
sticking out of a hole in his coffin. 188r Miss Brappon 
Asph. 1. 226 Jersey jackets and eel-skin dresses. 1884 
Pall Mail G. 15 Mar. 4/1 A smooth-faced, vicious-looking 
fellow, dressed in a close cap and eelskin neckcloth. 

Ee'l-spear. [f. Exn+Srzar.] A forked or 
. instrument for catching eels by trans- 

xing them as they lie in the mud. (See quots.) 

15s5 Even Decades W. Ind, (Arb.) 197 Speares .. lyke 
ynto troute speares or yele speares. 1610 GuvILLIM 
Heraldry (1679) 235 He beareth. .3 Eel-spears argent. 1785 
Sportsman’s Dict., Eel-spear; this instrument is made for 
the most part with three forks or teeth, jagged on the sides. 
1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-Bk., Eel-spear, a sort of tri- 
dent with ten points for catching eels, called in Lincolnshire 
an eel-stang. 

Hence Eel-spearer, Eel-spearing 7//. si. 

1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads v. 40 Here and there 
was an eel-spearer in his punt. /dzd. xxxi. 244 Eel-spearing 
is quite an athletic occupation. . 

Bely (1), a. [f. Ern+-y.] Eel-like. 
+a. Resembling the flesh of an eel. b. Re- 
sembling an eel in movement ; wriggling, writhing. 

1655 Mouret & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 124 A 
Conger..is..of a moist, soft, and Eely Substance. 1862 
Catvertey Verses § Tr. 16, 1..See you sit with that com- 
posure On the eeliest of hacks. 1871 Cassell’s Mag. 22 July 
336/x We have the pleasure of seeing the snaky, eely mon- 
ster whisking about in the water. 

Eem. da/. [repr. OE. efnan, ON. efna to per- 
form (Da. evne to have ability, Sw. da to form, 
shape. Cf. ME. em-cristen tor even-.] To spare 
time; to find an opportunity; to ‘afford’; to 
succeed (in doing a thing), ‘ get’ (to do). 

1674 Ray NV. Country Was. Coll. 16 Chesh. .. I cannot 
Eem, I have no leisure, I cannot spare time. 1745 Byrom 
Misc. Poems (1773) 1. 157 in Lanc. Gloss. (E. D. S.) We 
worken hard .. An cannot eem to be so feert. 7 J. Cot- 
Ler Wks. (1819) 71 in Lanc. Gloss, (E. D. S.) Aw’ve tried 
mony a time but aw could never eem to do it. 

Een, obs. and dial. pl. of Eyr. 

E’en, var. form of Even adv. 

Eer, obs. form of Err, before. 

-eer, suffix, is an anglicized form of the Fr. suffix 
-ter (repr. normally L. -7@rius, and in many words 
replacing -az7:—L.-drius ; see -ARY 1), used to form 
sbs. denoting persons, as in canonnier CANNONEER, 
muletier MULETEER; the usual sense is ‘ one who 
is concerned with’, or ‘one who deals in’. (Where 
the sb. from which the F. word was formed never 
became familiar in Eng. use, the original spelling 
-ter is retained, as in bombardier, grenadier). In 
imitation of these words (perh. in some instances 
rather in imitation of Sp. sbs. in -e7vo, of similar 
origin) the suffix is added to Eng. sbs. to form de- 
signations of persons, as azctioneer, charioteer, 
mountaineer (earlier -er). In many of the words 
so formed there is a more or less contemptuous im- 
plication, as in crotcheteer, garreteer, paniphieteer, 
pulpiteer, sonneteer. 

E’er, variant of Ever. 

Eerie, eery (7‘ri), z. Forms: 4 eri, hery, 
4-6 ery, 6 erie, 9 eirie, -y (Anglo-Irish airy), 
8- eery, -ie. [ME. er, ? var. of e73, ARGH; or 
? f. that word +-y. 

The word occurs in the northern (not in the midland) 
version of the Cursor Mundi. It has recently been often 
used in general literature, but is still regarded as properly 
Scotch.] eps : 

1. Fearful, timid. In mod, use, expressing the 
notion of a vague superstitious uneasiness. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 17685 (Gitt.) Ioseph be noght eri. ¢1375 
?Barsour S. Cosmas & D. 321, & scho..wes for hyme hery, 
rgor Dovuctas Pal. Hon. Prol. xii, With ery courage. 
1513 — 4ineis vu. iv. 91 He fled .. and to his cave hym 

wyth ery spreyt. 1572 Sempill Ballates (1872) 159 

e pure sall cry with erie hartis..To the, O God. a1774 
Fercusson Drink Eci. Poems (845) 50 They glower eery 
at a friend’s disgrace, 1807-10 TANNAHILL Poems (1846) 
98 The watch-dog’s howling .. makes the nightly wanderer 
eerie. 1876 Mrs. Witney Sights § Jus. II. ii. 357 Do 
you feel eerie? 1878 H. M. Stantey Dark Cont. I, xiv. 
3 This eerie feeling. .might be causeless. . 

. Fear-inspiring ; gloomy, strange, weird. 

I Burns . (1800) II, 403 Be thou a bogle by the 
eerie side of an auld thorn. 1795 Macneitt Waes o’ War 
in Poems (1801) 5 Night comes dark and eerie. 1828 J. 
Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 116 Hae ye walked..fra 
Bawhannan Lodge, in sic an eerie night. 1875 Miss Brap- 
pon Str. World I1.i, 10 The. .sheep bell had an eerie sound. 

Hence Ee‘rily adv., in an eerie manner; weirdly. 
Ee‘riness, an undefined sense of fear; super- 
stitious dread, Ee‘risome a., weird, gloomy. 

©1378 Barsour Bruce ut. 295 Sum man for erynes will 
trym| : _ 1724 Ramsay Vision vi, Debar then ,. All eiry- 
ness or feir. 


1848 C. Bronté ¥. Eyre, It spoke in pain and 
woe. .eerily. 


1863 Gd. Words 522 A weird unhappy sound ! 


47 


what could it be That through the wan night wailed so 
eerily. 1839 De Quincey Recoll. Lakes Wks. II. 13 Feeling 
the sensation of eeriness as twilight came on, 1865 Frné. 
Horticulture Christm. No. 16/2 From that night I have 
never known eeriness. 1818 Edin. Mag. Dec. 503 (Jam.) 
Thekye..gieda dowfan’ eerisome crune. 1832-53 WAistle- 
binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 111. 49 The objects sae dear..Turn 
eerisome hame thoughts. 

H’ery, contraction for Every. . 

+ Ees. Os. [possibly repr. OE. #s ‘food, meat, 
carrion’ (Bosw.) ; possibly a. corresponding MDu. 
aes food, bait (mod.Du., Ger. aas).] (See quot.) 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Ees, fysch mete on a hoke [?. 
boyght for fisshes], esca, escarium. 

esome (7‘sim). [f. ee, Sc. form of EYE + 
-SOME.] Attractive or gratifying to the eye. 

1823 Lockuart Reg. Dalton III. 159(Jam.) Look at them 
now,—Will ony body deny that that’s an eesome couple ? 

Hese, eesily, eesy, obs. ff. of Ease, etc. 

Eete(n, eette, obs. forms of pres. t., pa. t. and 
pa. pple. of Ear. 

Eep, eeth, obs. forms of Eatu. 

Hever, var. of EAvER s6.2 dial, 

Ef (ef). Name of the letter F, q.v. 

Ef- ref, the form of the L. pref. ex- used before 
words beginning with /. 

Efacks, efackins, 
lings: see I’recs, Ods. 

+ Efact, zt. Obs. [perh. var. of efaks, I’rEas, 
influenced by 2 fact.] Used as a mild oath. 

a Revenge w. i. 34 We'll have tother Dance, efact we 
wil, 

Efen, obs. form of Even. 

Efendee, var. of EFFENDI. 

Efere, var. of Irerr, adv. Ods. together. 

+ Bfestide(s. Oés. [corruption of L. hephestitis, 
a. Gr. *hpaoriris, f. “Hpaoros the name of the 
God of Fire.] _A jewel described by Pliny. 

1567 Martet Gr. Forest 7 [Of Stones] Efestides is in 
colour..shamefast and childish. 1688 R. HotmMe Arsnoury 
1, 40/1 Efestide..held against the Sun is Fiery coloured. 

Eff, var. of Err, Ever. 

Effable (e'fab’l), a. [a. F. effadle (Cotgr.), ad. 
L. effabilis, f. ef-fart to utter, tf. ex out+farz to 
speak.] ta. Of sounds, letters, etc.: That can 
be pronounced (ods.). b. That can be, or may 
lawfully be, expressed or described in words. Now 
only arch. in antithesis to zzeffable. 

1637 Bastwick Litany 1. 1 Paules notions .. were such as 
could not be expressed .. mine were .. easily effable. 1668 
Witxins Philos. Lang. 414 How this Universal Character 
may be made effable in a distinct Language. 1755 JoHNSON 
Effable, Expressive, utterable. Dict. 1872 Loner. Div. 
Trag. i. ii, These effable and ineffable impressions of the 
mysterious world. 

+ Effa’bule, v. Obs. rave—'. [as if ad. L. *ef- 

Sabulari, £. ex- out + fabulart to fable.] To fable. 
¢ 1600 Norven Sfec. Brit., Cornw. (1728) 82 The graue 
will fitt euerye stature, as is effabuled. 

Efface (efé''s). [ad. F. effacer (= Pr. esfassar), f. 
L. ex out + facies face.] 

1. To rub ont, obliterate (writing, painted or 
sculptured figures, a mark or stain) from the sur- 
face of anything, so as to leave no distinct traces. 

1611 Cotcr., Effacer, to efface, deface, raze, blot, rub 
out, wipe away; to abolish. 1780 Cowrer Progr. Err. 279 
So coin grows smooth. . Till Czesar’s image is effaced at last. 
1863 Gro. Exior Romola u. xxi, The ignominious images, 
painted on the public buildings... were effaced. 

b. In wider sense: To cause to disappear en- 
tirely, do away with (a visible feature or object). 

1843 Prescotr Mexico (1850) I. 105 The close of a cycle, 
when the sun was to be effaced from the heavens, the 
human race from the earth, 1 Kane Grinnell Exp. 
xxiv. (1856) 192 Pools of water, which would be effaced again, 
soon after they were formed. 1870 F. WiLson Ch. Lindis/. 
83 The entrance through the tower has been effaced, 

e. Crystallography. 

1823 H. J. Brooxe /ntrod. Crystallogr. 214 A right square 
prism..may result from..an octahedron with a sane laas: 
by the concurrence .. of the modifications a and e.. when 
those modifications efface the primary planes. 

2. To expunge, erase (words or sentences) from 
a written composition or document. Now only 
in fig. sentences. 

1737 Pore Hor. Epist. u. i. 279 Fluent Shakspeare scarce 
effac'd aline. 1805 N. Nicuotts Let, in Corr. w. Gray (1843) 
40 The lines of Mason which were effaced and replaced M4 
these. 1848 Macautay Hist, Eng. Il. 440 Perhaps the 
passions excited by the tyranny of James might make it im- 
possible to efface the penal laws from the statute book. 

3. fig. To obliterate, wipe out (a memory, a 
mental impression); to ‘blot out’, pardon, ob- 
tain oblivion for (an offence) ; to abolish, destroy 
(distinctive characteristics, etc.). 

_ Caxton How to Die 21 That effacest..the es, 
of t 2 that ben repentaunt. a@1626 Bacon in Web- 

fface from his mind the theories and notions 

vulgarly received. 1703 Pore Thebais 822 ’Tis thine t’ 
efface With virtuous acts thy ancestor’s disgrace. 1738 
Westey Psalms li. i, In tender Mercy look on me, And all 
my Sins efface. 1857 Buckie Civilis. viii. (1873) 456 An 
impression had been made upon the popular maak which it 


efags, efecks, efec- 


ster, 


was hardly Bg to efface. 1874 Mortey Compromise 
(1886) 194 If such a proposition is true, the world must 
efface its habit of admiration for the. . heroes of the past. 


EFFECT. 


4. fig. To cast utterly into the shade, reduce to 
virtual nonentity. b. vefl. [after Fr. s’effacer]. 
To reduce oneself to insignificance ; to abandon 
or forfeit one’s claim to consideration 

1716 -8 Lapy M. W. Montacue Left. I. xxxvii. 143 Her 
beauty effaced everything I have seen. 1871 M. Cottins 
Mrq. & Merch. Il. ii. 30 Amy Gray was .. quite effaced. 
Mod. As a politician he has completely effaced himself by 
this act of imprudence. 

Effaceable (eféi'sib’l). 
Capable of being effaced. 

1839 Dickens Nich, Nick. vi, Washed off all effaceable 
marks of the late accident. 188x Mivart Cat 27 Mucous 
membrane, when not stretched, is thrown into effaceable 
folds or rugee. 

Effacement (efzi'smént). [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 
The process of effacing ; the fact of being effaced. 

1797 Monthly Rev. XXIII. 572 A state of simplicity .. 
subsequent to the effacement of the vices of barbarism. 
1866 Wepcwoop Origin of Lang. 7 Effacement of a sense 
from want of practice. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm. v. 99 
The effacement of the national sentiment is an artificial and 
violent evasion of a fact of nature, 

Effacing (eféisin), 2/7. a. [f. Erracr v.+ 
-ING1.] That effaces or obliterates. 

1813 Byron Graour 73 Decay’s effacing fingers, 1883 Pa// 
Mall G, 12 Nov. 4/1 The effacing fingers of death were.. 
shockingly apparent on the Cardinal's visage. 

Effacive (eféisiv). monce-wd. [f. EFFACE v.+ 
-IVE.] Disposed or tending to efface. Se/f-effacive : 
modest, retiring. 

1883 Cairp Ldinbro’ Lect. Hume 23 Nov., In society he 
was the most self-effacive of men. 

Effald, -ly, obs. ff. AFALD, AFALDLY. 

+ Effa'mish, v. Ods. rare. [f. OF. effamer (cf. 
AFFAMISH, f. affamer), f. L. ex- out + fam-es 
hunger.] = FAmIsH, v. 

a 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem, N. T. (1618) Pref. 3 
Being effamished, [they] are content .. to eate it. 1634-46 
Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 137 Ministers shamefullie abused, 
they and their families effamished. 

|| Effaré (efa're), a. Her. [a. F. effaré, pa. pple. 
of effarer to agitate.] (See quot.) 

1738 Cuampers Cyc. (ed. 2), Efaré, in heraldry, a term 
applied to a beast when rearing on its hind legs, as if it 
were affrighted. 1828 Berry Lucycl. Her. 1. s.v. EGearé 
or Effaré, a French term for a beast in the attitude which 
English Heralds call ‘salient’ or ‘springing’. : 

+ Effa'scinable, 2. Ols. vave—'. [asifad. L. 
*effascinabilis, {. effascindre see next.] Suscep- 
tible to enchantment. 

1660 H, More Myst. God?. vu. xvii. 359 A strangely-im- 
pure and effascinable passivity of Phancie. 

+ Effa'scinate, v. Ols. Also 7 effacinate. 
[f. L. effascinat- ppl. stem of effascindre: see 
-ATE 3,] = FASCINATE. 

Hence Effas-cinating A//. a. 

1616 Horypay Persius in Halliwell’s Shaks. V. 330 Skilfull 
to depell the harmes Of an effascinating eye. 1624 Hey- 
woop Gunaik. vit. 399 Of force to effacinate the gods. 
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u, 11. 143 He has. .effascinated 
the hearts of the Court. 1678 H. More in Glanvill Sadaduc. 
Triumph. (ed. 1727) 63. 

+ Effa:scina‘tion. Oés. [ad. L. ef-fascina- 
tion-em, f. effasctnare to bewitch.] = FAascinaTIoN. 

1624 Hreywoop Gunaik. vil. 402 There are others whom 
their effascinations can keepe from eiecting their Vrine. 
1650 CHARLETON Paradoxes 59 The effascination by the 
optick emission of the eyes. 1660 H. Morr AZyst. God. 
vi. xiv. 255 Hood-winked and held down with an over- 
bearing effascination and witchcraft. 

+ Effa‘te. Ods. [ad. L. effitum, f. ef-fari to 
speak out.) A saying, dictum, maxim. Also 
|| Bffa'tum (pl. efa/a). 

1650 ELpEeRFIELD /‘ythes 154 Their effata or most rever- 
enced contents equalled by parliament to the oracles of the 
common law. 1678 GaLe Crt. Gentiles 111. 177 The effates 
of Scripture seem to contradict themselves. 1685 BoyLr 
Enq. Notion Nat. 294 The Effatum, That Nature abhors 
a Vacuum, 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) I. 118 That 
common Theological Effate, Grace is Glory begun. 

+ Effa'tuate, #//. a. Obs. [as if ad. L. *effa- 
tuatus, f. ex- out + fatu-us stupid, foolish: cf. 
AFFATUATED.] Infatuated. 

1600 Dr. Dodypoll u. i. in Bullen O, P?. (1884) III. 112 
Had I not beene effatuate even by Fate. 

+ Effatuate, v. Ods. [f. prec.] 
besot, render dull or stupid. 

1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gent?. (1641) 16 Nothing effatuates 
the understanding of man more than excesse in meat. 

+ Effau't. Ods. Music. Also (corruptly) ef- 
fauz. The fuller name (F fa wz) of the note 
F, which was sung to the syllable fa or w¢ accord- 
ing as it occurred in one or other of the Hexa- 
chords (imperfect scales) to which it could belong. 

a 1327 Learn. Music in Rel, Ant. 1. 292 Of effauz and 
elami ne coud y nevere are. x Dx. Buck. Rehearsal 
1. v, A certain note..in Effaut fiat. 

Effect (efekt), sd. Also 6 Sc. effeck. [a. OF. 
offect (F. effet), ad. L. effectus, n. of action f. efficére to 
work out, accomplish, f. ex- out + fécére to make.] 

1. Something accomplished, caused, or pro- 
duced ; a result, consequence. Correlative with 
CAUSE. 

¢1391 Cuaucer Aséro/. 1. § 21 The planetes .. causen 
us by hir influence .. effectes lik to the operaciouns of 
bestes, 1485 Caxton Paris § V. (1868) 6 Thy enter- | 


[f. prec. + -ABLE.] 


trans. To 


ich is brought to passe 
2 the Cause. ts Desacutiers Fires bye 4 Conn, 

that are Effect of a great deal 
fan Anal. 1. i, Wks. 1874 I. 16 We know not at all a 
death is in itself; but only some of its effects. 1751 Harris 
Hermes (1841) 119 Nature begins from causes, and thence 
descends to effects. 1831 BLakey Free Will 198 We..give 
the name of cause to that event which precedes, and the name 
of effect to that event which follows in the order of time. 
1844 H. H. Wuson Brit. India Ul. 48 dF, Peestey 
effects of their interposition had given sh 

ba ee trade. 

collective and abstr. Results in general ; the 
quality of producing a result, efficacy. Phrases, 
With effect, of no (+ none) effect. 

¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 620 Thing that be 
effect. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 30 This aa 
naunce..was of lytell effect. 1538 Starkey England 15 
Thys law [z.c. civil law] takyth effecte of the opynyon of 
man. 1555 Even Decades W. Ind. 1. 1x. (Arb.) 99 Whose 
perfume is of most excellent effect to heale the reumes, 
1611 Biste Mark vii. 1 Making the word of God of none 
effect through your tradition. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 865 
This Tree is. .of Divine effect To open Eyes. 1782 Priest- 
Ley Corrupt. Chr. 1. 1. 341 A law was made .. but it had 
little effect. 1809 Rotanp Fencing 115 You may .. throw 
his foil at a sufficient distance .. to enable you to deliver a 
thrust with effect. 1865 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. 111. x. viii. 288 
Respectful message to his Majesty was of no effect. 

e. Mechanics. The amount of work done in a 
given time. Useful effect: the net result, after 
making deductions for loss from friction, etc. 

1812-6 Prayrair Nat. Phil. (1819) I. 111 The effect of 
animal force, then, or the quantity of work done in a given 
time will be proportional. 1871 B. Stewart Heat § 389 
ae agent for generating mechanical effect. 

. ta. Acontemplated result, a purpose ; chiefly 

eae To this or that effect, to the effect that 

ao, b. In the same phrases: Purport; drift, 
tenor, essential significance. 

cr Cuaucer Merch. T. 153 And for hise freendes on a 
day he sente To tellen hem theffect of his entente. 14.. 
Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 50 Theffect of whych was 
thus in dede. 1513 Douctas neis vi. ii. 131 Ane othir 

‘oldin grane to the ilk effect Thow sall nocht mis. 1601 
Sica: Ful. C.1, ii. 283 Cask. He spoke Greeke. Cassi, 
To what effect? 1652 Wapswortu tr. Sandoval's Civ. 
Wars Spain 287 Hee incharged the same Don Pedro. .to go 
and surprise the said Souldiers, giving him two hundred 
hors and five hundred Foot to that effect. 1818 Cruise 
Digest 11. 17 A subsequent proviso was added to that 
effect. 1872 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 157 The famous re- 
viewer's sentence. .to the effect that, etc. 

+3. An outward manifestation, sign, token, 
symptom ; an appearance, phenomenon. Obs. 

1450 Why can't be Nun 67 in E. E. P. (1862) 140 Ina 
gardyne I sportyd me .. to see The swete effecte of aprelle 
flowres. 1593 Hooker ‘Eccl. Pol. 1. ii, His wisdome hath 
stinted the effects of his power. 1599 SHaxs. Much Ado 
u. iii, 112 What effects of passion shows she? 1656 CowLry 
Pind, Odes (1669) 22 note, No natural effect gives such im- 
pressions of Divine fear, as Thunder. 

b. A (pleasing or remarkable) combination of 
colour or form ina picture, a landscape, etc. Cf. 6. 

1884 Ruskin Art of Eng. 222 The old water-colour men 
were wont to obtain their effects of atmosphere by, etc. Mod. 
The reflexion of the trees in the brook is a very hae effect. 
Here's a painter with his sketch-book hunting for ‘ effects’. 

+4. Something which is attained or acquired by 
an action. Ods. 

1602 Suaks. //am. 11. iii. 54, I am still possest Of those 
effects for which I did the Murther. 

b. fl. ‘Goods and chattels’, movable property. 
Personal effects: personal luggage as distinguished 
from merchandise, etc. Also with wider meaning 
in phrase Wo effects: written by bankers on dis- 
honoured cheques when the drawer has no funds 
in the bank; also, To leave no effects: to leave 
—— for one’s heirs. 

704 J. Locan Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. 1X. 290 The effects 

of nas plantations will scarce buy them clothes. 1722- 
Appison Sfect. (J.), The Emperour knew that they coul 
not convey away many of their Effects. 1843 THackeray 
Ravenswing v. (1887) 196 The bankers declined to cash the 
pn fo me .simply writing the words ‘ No effects’ on 
be a e of household effects, The contents 

e yong se insured as ‘ effects’, He died 
bbe no effects. 

5. Operative influence; a mode or degree of 
operation on an object. 

1668 Phil. Trans. 1. 635 What Effects are thereby 
duced upon the body. 1831 Brewster Vat. Magic. vi. (x aa) 
149 It will act like a +. lens when the cooling oo 
_ reached the axis. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. é- 

— which will have an effect upon the courts. 
Pa aon 562/1 The effects which the d 
Har al had upon the race Fe builders. 

b. The st wa 2 or fact of being 

~~ to: to render patching Po take i: to 

me operative ; to prove successful ; (of a law, 
an agreement, ete.) to come into force “ea a 
certain date). 


seg To give 


1771 Gotosmitu Hist. Eng. ii. 62 The took 
effect ; gg -began to fly on all sides. H. H. 
Witson Brit. India I. 529 The Administration was willing 


= ee ‘+ = pry es 1868 FREEMAN te 
I ward's grant was not to take 
effect till after the pay of Ailfwine. 


48 


a produced on a beholder; 
setae or reader, esp oY Se ea 
ture ; "sometimes = general the impression 
produced by a picture, build , ete., viewed as 
a whole. For effect: for the sake of creating a 
telling impression on the minds of spectators or 
hearers. 

articscme aoe t oe ee oe oe 


ecture. 1868 GiapsTone F¥uv. ame i, (18 
With a view .. to poetical effect. 1869 SwInBURNE & 
Stud. (1875) 219 aor aim is rather to render the 


effect of a t Mod. His whole 
behaviour and vette are calculated for effect. 

7. Accomplishment, fulfilment. Ods. exc. in 
phrases, Zo bring to effect, carry into effect: to 
accomplish, bring to a successful issue. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 389/1 Who someuer shal. .calle me 
that he may haue .. theffecte of his requeste & prayer. 
1538 STARKEY Rataad 195, I thynke hyt schold be veray 
hard to bryng thys to effect. 191 Suaxs. Two Gent. 1. i. 50 
Losing .. the faire effects of future hopes. 1603 KNoLLes 
Hist. Turks (1621) 177 What he tooke in hand, he. . brought 
to good effect. 1638 Bratuwair fist, Surv. (1651) 403 
Never bringing their designes to effect. 1705 Col. Rec. Penn. 
II. 208 The only means to bring all happily to effect. 1709 
Swirt Adv. Relig. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 111 The proposals are 
. such as a pious active prince. .might soon bring to effect. 

+b. Practical reality, fact, as opposed to name 
or appearance: see 8. Obs. 

1606 SHaks. 77. td Cr. v. iii. 1 
doth o 


ig itself. 


ware words..Th’ effect 
rate another way. a1674 CLarENnpon //ist. Red, 
(1849) Il. 545 He should depart only with a title, the effect 
whereof he should not be soassased of before he had very 
well deserved it. 

8. Jn effect: formerly = in fact, in reality, op- 
posed to 22 show, in words. In mod. use, virtually, 
substantially, so far as the result is concerned 
(see senses I, 2). 

1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 243 With pre- 
tence to depart from thence vnto China, as in effect they did 
a 1600 Hooker (J.) In shew, a.. senate. + Was to govern, 
but in effect one only man should..do all in all. 1626 
Bacon Sy/va (J.), No man, in effect, doth accompany, but 
he learneth, ere ‘he is aware, some gesture, or yoice, or 
fashion. @ 1668 Denuam (J.) State and Wealth .. is to him 

-No other in effect than what it seems. oy | AppISsON 
(J. ) To say of a celebrated piece that there are faults in it, 
is, in effect, to say that the author of it is a man. 1804 
H. T. CotesrooKe Husbandry Bengal (1806) 37 The duties 
are paid .. by the purchaser; but the charge in effect falls 
upon the importer. fod. The two methods are in effect 
identical. He was, in effect, accused of falsehood. I cannot 
tell you what he said, but in effect it was that he, etc. 

9. [After Fr. ¢ et | (See shee 

1738 CHAMBERS ffect in the manage, is applied to 
the movements of the hand which direct the horse. They 
distinguish four effects, .. viz. in using the bridle to put a 
horse forwards, draw him. backwards, and shifting it out of 
the right hand into the left, and vice versa. 

Effect ‘efekt), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To bring about (an event, a result) ; 
to accomplish (an intention, a desire). 

The existence of obstacles or difficulties is, in mod. use, 
—, implied in this sense of the vb. 

Warner Add, Eng. vi. xxxi. (1612) 154 And nothing 
oe did affect but to effect my sute. 1§93 Suaxs. 3 Hen. 
V7, n.vi. 98 Ie crosse the Sea To effect this marriage 
16 bye Embl. 1, vi. (1718) 25 Let wit, and all 
stu plots effect The best they can. 1718 Mree-thinker 
No. go. 244 At first they only wish to secure; that 
effected, they endeavour to grow Powerful. 1792 Anec. W. 
Pitt Il. xliv. 196 Peace .. would never be effected. 1833 
Larpner Manuf. Metal il. 227 (Cab. Cycl.) This recipro- 
cating movement of the carriage is effec by a pinion 
fixed upon the end of a vertical spindle. 1837 Disraxtt 
Venetia ww. i. (1871) 203 Just effected his escape as the ser- 
vant announced a visitor. 1 Brownnc Laster-Day 5 
Effecting thus, complete and whole, a purpose ral the human 
soul. 1875 Jowett P/ato (ed. 2) I. 13 The cure. .has to be 
effected by the use of certain charms. 078 Hosier Phy- 
stogr. 105 The most skilful chemists have hitherto failed to 

effect such decomposition, 
- b. To produce (a state or condition). Ods. 

Suaxs. 7am. Shr. 1, i. 86 Sorrie am I that our 
“a effects Biancas greefe. ~60 Stancey //ist. ilos. 
(1701 ae EH ae Pleasures which effecteth 

le, is very dil t. 
“e To make, Oana: rare. arch. 

79% SMEATON ie arm L.§ % The Lighthouse hay 
effected by Mr. R TEVENSON New A rab. “H 
317 An enormous olaiow: hh been effected in the wall. 

d. Comm. 70 effect a sale, an insurance; hence, 
“4 ect a policy (of insurance). 

Rocers Agric. & Prices 1. xxiii. 598 The ——— 
Piceod are effected in immediate ——- to the ines 
1883 Manch. Guard. 17 Oct. 5/4 awe 
often effected which are altogether i joni 

+2. To give effect to (a re a prais 
to fulfil (a promise). Ods. 

¢ 1590 Martowe Faust. v. 95 Faustus I swear .. To effect 
S Fp between us . 1606 SHaks. Tr. § Ce. v. v. 

You heauens, effect your rage with 
ad Corr. iii. Wks, 1872-5 II. 20 We shall be called upon 
shortly to effect our vote made the former sitting. 

+ 3. absol. and intr. To have an effect, be effec- 
i to a its 

Warner Alb, Eng. vir. xxxiv, (1612) ps — that 

Tuders should effect 


twalindars Fore-doomes in niga ios vn- 
expected. Kwottes Hist, Turkes (1621) om 
petard having effected as we have —_ TANLEY 


Hist. Philos. “ase 161/2 Elements, of Air and Fire 
effect. 


have a faculty to move and 


EFFECTIVE. - 


‘] 4. Confused with Arrgcr (? and 
chad ben effected wt 


1494 Fasyan vu. 5 the 
dyuers of rye. tr. 
Cie. War Spain 30 The ve Atbat of Santa Pia”. 
earl meyer 
ae foe 60:4 ieee effected Laureat’s 

773-84 Coon oy. ) IV. 1279 He effects to 
cova at ante aan uelen. 


i Bife'cted, 77. 3. 0% Obs. rare. [f. Evrecr v. + 
-ED; prob. confused with ArrecrED.] With adv. 
(well, etc.) prefixed ; mem go eagai 


Hieron “er Ph IL men .. haue.. 
beth eT, Sa 


1 Aivkeudle, War-Comme Min. Bk, 855) 6 
fs pi aes ap wpa (2855) 


persones. 

“Effecter (efe*kta), ‘abot 7 effectour, 
effector. [f. ErFEcr v. fy of ae fet] 

1. He who, or that which, brings about an event 
or result, accomplishes a purpose, etc. 

1601 Deacon & Waker Sfzrits § Div. 202 The howerly 
effectours of many admirable actions. 16r0 Hratey S?. 
Ang. City of God 447 Wee shall make his nature the effecter 

of his vicious will. 161r Markuam Countr. Content. 1. xiii. 
(1668) 66 Baits and inticements. .are effecters of our desires 


in this ime. 1662 CHANDLER Van Helmont’s Oriat. 151 
‘They e the Air as the effecter of all corruptions what- 
soever. 1713 Dernam Phys.- Theol. u. vi. a5 infinite 


Being, who was the Effector of it iCraieee es VaNncr 
in Sat, Rev. 415 Had the 
on afresh, it is not..certain that I Sod kon tie cleat 
the same. 

+2. A maker, creator. Ods. 

1635 Heywoop Hierarch, u. 67 One Monarch of the world 
the great Effector. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 242 
The omnipotent Effector and Productor of al things. 

4] = AFFECTER I. Obs. 

1641 Baker Chron. (1679) 179/1 He was indeed a great 
effecter of glory. 

+ Effectfall, 2. Obs. In6 Sc.effect-. [f. Er- 
FECT +-FULL.] Effectual. 

1555 Sc. Acts Mary xviii, Our souerane Lady in gig 
ment .. maid actis..quhilkis as yit hes tane na dew and 
effecfull execucion. rp msi es Hydrol. Chym. 78 The 
effectful cause of direful di 

Effectible (cfe’ kab), a a. ’ EFFECT 2. 
-IBLE. ble of being eff 

oy Hee a + beowsn Poead Ep. u. v. 87 Not effectible 
upon an ase strictest experiment. Descr. Future Hist, 
Europe 14 His Decrees most effectible, when we think 
the furthest off. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man, w.v. 3 
Whatsoever , . is effectible by the most congruous and 
Ee a lication of Actives to Passives. 
(eferktin), vé/. sb. [f. Errgor v. + 
es 91 ok The action of the verb Errecr. 
—— pate (1887) > Des. s The Beet po 


son. 1609 ses of Clubbes ¥ rn Nithough Hhe 
plot. by thee was lai'd, Th effecting of it me thou didst 
obtaine. 1671 Fraver Fount. Life vi. 15 In order to the 
sure effecting of this Design. 

4) Used gerundially with omission of # 4: OE 
serving the function of a “4 Pe 


a Mimgegh & Spar! e Lee ) IL. a 


Four senti 
Jas. Mut Brit. Qndie I v. i. 325 During the time in 
which this great revolution was effecting in the ar ogee 
of Bengal. 1826 Disrar.i Viv. Grey 1. ix. 21 Ou Ps 
not to congratulate yourself that a great change is 


Effe'cting, ///. a. [f. as prec.+-1Ne®.] That 
effects. 


Hence Effe'ctingness = EFFICACIOUSNESS. 
wet tari Nat. (1852) II. 179 If we are instructed 
vi ‘a religious discourse 


e ee 
from the workings of the Spirit, etc. 
+ "Bie: ction, Oés. [ad. L. effection-em, f. effi- 
cére: see Errxct sd. 
1. a. Fabrication, formation, production. 
«All of brent 


» Man, 
g the Effection of the Soul unto 


Great 
Ibid. w. vii. 350 The primitive Effection of the 
Humane Nature. 


b. Pag tee performance. 
Gavute Magastrom. 53 To invent. -their own way 
ition, acquisition, or effection of none 1656 
Tess. Pa _ Christ 1 Mer pe Pn rn unto 
ersons fective, in regard of effection 


ty pay A construction ; a paren 38 
problem or praxis drawn from some general pro- 
position. (Todd.) Oés. 

1706 in Prituprs. Bod Hutton Math, Dict, 1818 in 
Topp; and in mod. Dicts. 

| Confused Joe BoP Rv. —_ —, 

Trevisa Bart, Vv. 1 131 A swete 
vane ith the effeccion of Pahang ; Epen 


Decades W. Ade teeta) oo eas 
tion & natural effection. Regim. 
ph Pee eb ape pte vapoures oe 
Effectism (eferktis'm ‘m). sonce-wea. (¢ Emme 
ot The habit of aiming at ‘effect’. _ 
H. B, Forman Living Poets 472 Any f 
“Effective (cfektiv), a. and sb | 
a Na L. effectivus: see ErFEoT 


event or condition ; og 
1594 T. B. La Primaud. 5 


EFFECTIVE. 


are effectiue ciples of all actions. 1607 Schol. Disc. 
Zt. ome ine The signe of the Crosse is. .effectiue 
2 Gate Crt. Gentiles II. w. 7 Politic Philo- 
sophie is defined ..a Science effective of Justice in the 
Citie, * 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. v1. 193 In the Ter- 
tian [Ague] the part effective of the bloud is out of its 
natural temper. - 3 

+b. Having the power of acting upon objects. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep, 214 Time is not effective, 
nor are bodies destroyed by it, but from the action and 
passion of their Elements in it, @1652 J. Situ Se/, Disc. 
v. 139 The more unbodied any thing is, the more unbounded 
also is it in its effective power. . ; 

+2. Concerned with, or having the function of, 
ves oy oa effect, executing, or accomplishing. 

¢1425 WyYNTOUN Cron. Ix. xxvii. 256 Dis wes be Proces 
causative, Dat eftyr folowit effective. 1597 Mortry /xtrod. 
Mus. Annot., Musicke is diuided into two parts. . Thesecond 
may be called syntactical, Poetical, or effectiue. 1607 
Schol, Disc. agst. Antichr. 1. i. 33 The former was signifi- 
catiue onely, his effectiue. 

3. That is attended with result or has an effect. 

1760 GotpsmitH Cit, W. 1. (1837) 200 There is an effective 
power superior to the people, 1776 Apam Situ W, N. 1. 
1, x. 149 The masters alone had an effective voice in the 
legislation, 1863 Burton Bk. Hunter 90 The honour of the 
first effective shot. | : ; 

b. In mechanical and economical science : Said 
of that portion of an agency or force which is 
actually brought to bear on a particular object. 

1798 Mattuus Pofui, ut. x. (1806) II. 250 The quantity of 
effective capital employed in agriculture, 1825 J. NicHoLson 
Operat. Mechanic 67 This we call the virtual or effective 
head [of water]. x Tuomson & Tait Nat. Phil. 1.1. § 228 

he Component of a force in any direction, (sometimes 
called the Effective Component in that direction). 

ce. Theol. Effective faith, love, etc.: that bears 
fruit in conduct [med.L. effectivus]. 

1854 F. W. Faser Growth in Holiness v. (1872) 75 Effective 
love makes us the living imagesof Jesus. : 

d. Effective range: the range within which a 
missile, weapon, or fire-arm is effective. 

1859 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 65 Two hundred and 
twenty yards..is to be taken as the effective range for 
fighting purposes of the old archery. 

4. Powerful in effect; efficient, effectual. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xvi. 1xxxiv. (1495) 654 
Oleum iuniperium is most effectyf ayenst the Quartayn. 
1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. Pes He does not speak 
often ; nor can he be considered an effective speaker. 1837 
Howitt Rur. Life (1862) 1. iv. 30 Contributed to make 
these pursuits effective, elegant, and attractive. 1856 
Emerson Eng. Traits, Land Wks. (Bohn) II. 17 Its best 
admiral could not have .. anchored it [England] in a more 
effective position. 1860 Hawrnorne Mard. Faun xiiii. 
338 An Italian comedy. .effective over everybody's risibili- 
ties. x Froupe Casar iv. 39 Fewer men, better trained 
and disciplined, could be made more effective. _ 

b. Of works of art, literary compositions, etc. : 
Producing a striking impression ; picturesque. 

1853 G. Jonnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 1.107 The high bank 
.-is..rendered effective by a perpendicular wall of naked 
sandstone, 1872 Freeman /ist. “ss. 21 It is not one suited 
to produce any very effective romantic narrative. 1882 
Garden 18 Feb. 119/t Varieties of Amarantus are. . effective 
in the. .garden. ; « Z 

5. Fit for work or service: chiefly of soldiers or 
sailors. (Also adsol.; see B. 2.) 

1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. v. 105 Being not above 15 or 
16000 Men Effective. 170r Lond. Gaz. No. 3733/4 The 
Imperial Army is said to consist of 44000 Effective Men. 
1791 SMEATON Edystone L. § 295 The copper-smiths. .were 
not likely very soon to be effective. 1865 CarLyLe /redk. 
Gt. VII. xvi. i. 93 Army of 60,000 on paper ; of effective 
more than 50,000, : 

b. Lffective charge; the expenditure upon effec- 
tive forces, as distinguished, ¢.g., from that upon 
military pensions, retired pay, etc. 

1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 306 The whole efféctive 
charge of the army, navy, and ordnance, was about seven 
en ee 

6. Actual, de facto; existing in fact; that is... 
so far as the effect is concerned; opposed to 
potential, nominal. 

1786 Burke Art, W. Hastings Wks. 1842 Il. 113 After- 
wards displacing two effective governours .. appointed by 
himself. 1790 — Fr. Rev. g The collection of an effective 
and well-distributed revenue, 17.. BentHam Levelling 
Syst. Wks. 1843 I. 361 Those .. whose present fortunes are 
above the mark..would be but a small part of the real and 
effective losers. 1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 39 Potential 
and not effective planes of symmetry. | 

b. Effective money; also quasi-sb. (see quot), 

1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Effective, aterm used inmany 
parts of the Continent to express coin in contradistinction 
to paper money. Thus bills on Vienna are generally directed 
to Re paid in effective. 

B. sd. +1. An efficient cause. Obs. See A 5. 

1610 Hearry St. Aug. City of God xu. xxv. (1620) 442 
Had the eye, the apple .. their rotundity, not from any ex- 
ternall effectiue. 1686 Goap Celest. Bodies 1, i. 1 No less 
are they the due Effective of the former. 

2. Mil, An effective soldier, (See A. 5.) Usu- 
ally p/. 

1722 Lond. Gaz. No. 6060/r The Garrisons .. consist of 
1000 Effectives. 1809 WeLLINGTON Let. in Gurw. Dis. IV. 
478 An abstract..which shows the comparative numbers of 
effectives and total. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. VI. xxiv. 
4 They counted nine thousand effectives. 

b. collect. sing. The effective part of an army. 

1885 Standard 29 Oct. 5/5 The effective of the Turkish 
forces in the Balkan Peninsula now reaches 180,000 men, 


Vor. III. 


49 


Effectively (efe‘ktivli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] 

+1. As a means of causing or producing. Cf. 
quot. 1607 in EFFECTIVE a. 1, 

_ 1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1. i. 34 That [the sign of 

imposing hands] is effectiuely vsed, is out of the question. 
+2. a. By a direct exercise of power. b. With 

regard to the effects. (Chiefly Zheol.) Ods. 

1644 Br. MaxweL. Prerog. Chr. Kings i. 16 This [deposing 
an emperor] is done by the Pope... not effectively but con- 
secutively. 1652 GauLE Magastrom. 85 Whether the planets 
have (either actually and formally, in themselves, or virtually 
and effectively upon others) those prime elementary quali- 
ties. 1656 Jeanes Fuln. Christ 211 [God’s love to Christ] 
is said to be in believers. .not onely effectively, in regard of 
its effects, grace, and glory; but also objectively. 

3.=Jn effect (see Errect sb. 8): +a. Actually, 
in fact (0bs.). b. Virtually, substantially. 

1659 Gentl. Call. (1696) 43 A rectified Will. .alone. .effec- 
tively gives us the preeminence above Beasts. 1671 DryDEN 
Even, Love w. i, Don Melchor .. is effectively at Madrid. 
1844 Macxintosu 7. More Wks. 1846 I. 442 It is not equit- 
able to treat him as effectively .. answerable for measures 
of state. 1884 Harper's Mag. Oct. 796/2 Effectively Eng- 
land is a republic and not a monarchy. 

4. So as to produce an effect. Often emphatic- 
ally; With powerful effect ; decisively, completely. 

1825 M¢eCuttocu Pol. Econ. 1, ii. 104 Give to any people 
the power of accumulating, and. .they will not be disinclined 
to use it effectively. 1833 I. TayLor Fana?. v. 113 Mo- 
hammed. .effectively cashiered from his system every pure 
and spiritual conception of virtue. 1858 FroupE Hist. Eng. 
III. xvi. 374 A parliament composed of other members than 
those who had sate so long and so effectively. 1878 R. W. 
Date Lect, Preach, vi. 163 If we can preach without read- 
ing, we are likely to preach more effectively. 

8. In a manner to be fit for service. Cf. Errec- 
TIVE A. 5. 

1665 Pepys Diary 18 Sept., 10,000 men effectively always 
in armes. a1667 CowLey Anacreont. (1710) I. 52 The fair 
Ionian Regiment. And next the Carian Company, Five 
hundred both effectively. 

Effe'ctiveness. [f. Errecrive a. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being effective, in various senses. 

1607 Schol. Disc. age Antichr, 1.i. 34 We agree in many 
vses with them [the Papists], but one of their vses (to wit) 
their effectiuenes we forbeare. 1678 Cupwortu /xtell. Syst. 
583 Infinite self-activity or effectiveness. 1830 ARNOLD 
Fral. in Life (1858) 11. 336 The comforts and effectiveness 
of society. 1836 Random Recoll, Ho. Lords x. 227 Effec- 
tiveness in debate, 1879 RoGers in Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 
IV. 53/2 The labour is average in point of effectiveness. 
Effectless (efektlés), a. [f. Errect sd, + 
-LESS.] Without effect, fruitless: also quasi-adv. 

1588 Suaks. 77¢. A. 11. i. 76 Ile chop off my hands. .they 
haue seru’d me to effectlesse vse. 1673 O. WALKER Edu- 
cation 8 Both Capacity and Instruction are effectles without 
practise and exercise. 1755 T. H. Croker Or. Furioso 
xiv. lxxiii, Nor were his fervent prayers effectless said. 1815 
W. Taytor in Robberds Mem. Il. 459 Silence alike im- 
probable and effectless, 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II, 11. 
1. v.§ 5 The sun itself at noonday is effectless upon the 
feelings, ; 

ector ; see EFFECTER. 

+ Effectress (efektrés), Obs. [f. ErrecTEr + 
-ESS.] A female effecter. (Cf. next.) 

1601 CornwALLyeEs Zs, 11. xxxviii. (1631) 152 It is so cer- 
taine an effectresse of things prosperity. 1615 G. Sanpys 
Trav. 8 The Virgin Marie .. reputed an effectresse of 
miracles, 1662 J. CHANDLER Van Helmont’s Oriat. 143 
The effectress of a a HO or essence. 

|| Efferctrix. [L.; fem. of effector ErFrcter : 
see -TRIX. (In mod. philosophical L. used in ap- 
position with causa, vis.)] An efficient cause or 
power. 

1610 Barroucu Meth, Physick ui. i, (1639) 100 Weaknesse 
of the stomack is sometime caused through distemper of 
the effectrix or working quality. 


+ Effe'ctuable, a. Ols. rare—1. [f. Fr. effec- 
tu-er +-ABLE.] That can be effectuated. 


1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi, It was a worke worthy 
of his labour,.and not easily effectuable. 


Effectual (efektial), @. Also 4-5 effectuell. 


[a. OF. : ms s-late L. effectudlis, f. effect-us 
Errxct sé, : see -AL.] 


1. That produces its intended effect, or adequately 
answers its purpose. Of legal documents or 
covenants; Valid, binding. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Sompn, T. 162 Our orisouns ben more 
effectuel. 1485 Act 1 Hen. VII, Annex. Ducat. Lanc. Ruft- 
head IX. App, 106 Every such Lese .. be as good effectual 
and available in the Law. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon 
vi. 151 To bryng the matere to a conclusion effectuell. 1664 
Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 232 One single Pipe of com- 

tent bore, would be as effectual as three our four. a 1687 

ETTY Pol, Arith. infoo) 73 The Charge of the Government 
-. would be more. .effectual. 1794 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 
205 We must endeavour to make our complaints rather 
effectual than loud. 1884 Eart Setsorne in Law Times 
Rep. t Mar., Registration does not make effectual a docu- 
ment which was. .inoperative and of no effect. 

b. Theol. Zffectual calling (see quot.). So also 
effectual grace: the special grace given to those 
elected to salvation. 

1609 Biste (Douay) Index, Grace sufficient is geven to 
every one, effectual of Gods especial mercie to some. 
Shorter Catech., Effectual cal ling is the work of God’s 
Spirit, whereby..he doth persuade and enable us to em- 
brace Jesus Christ. 1662 STituincFL. Orig. Sacr. m. iii. § 7 
If God withdrew not any effectuall grace from man. 

ce. Effectual demand: in Political Economy. 


EFFECTUALNESS. 


5 Apam Situ W. N. I. 1. vii. 58 Such people may be 
called effectual demanders, and their demand the effectual 
demand; since it may be sufficient to effectuate the bring- 
ing of the commodity to market. 1798 Mattuus Pofud. m1. 
x. (1806) II. 250 The sole cause which would determine the 
quantity of effective capital employed in agriculture would 
be the extent of the effectual demand for corn. 1868 RocErs 
Pol. Econ. iii. (ed. 3) 21 And this demand must be effectual, 
that is, must be accompanied with the power of proffering 
some other object in exchange. 

+2. = EFFECTIVE in various senses. Ods. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xi. xxvi. (1495) 462 The 
more whyte. .a perle is, the more effectuell and vertuous it is 
holde, 1586 Bricut Melanch, x. 44, I take it..to be an 
effectuall & pregnant substance. 1662 MArveLt Corr. 
xxxv. Wks. 1872-5 II. 79 My Lord of Bath, who is .. as 
effectuall an hand as can be chosen in the whole Court. 
1674 Prayrorp Skil/ Mus. 1. 60 With his Harp he expressed 
such effectual on A and Harmony. 1689 Br.G. WALKER 
Siege Derry Z. We also got into our Garrison some Effectual 
Men out of their number. 

+3. Effectual cause := efficient cause. Ods. 

1581 W. Starrorp Exam. Compl. iii. (1876) 83, I must .. 
try out the effectuall cause of these inclosures. 

4. Of prayers, entreaties: earnest, urgent (see 

also 1). 
_ Cf. Anglo-Lat. effectuose supplicantes ‘ earnestly entreat- 
ing’, A.D. 1229 in Rymer I. 308. Perhaps this use was 
originally due to confusion with AFFEcTUAL; but the trans- 
lators of the A.V. ingeniously availed themselves of it in 
James Vv. 16 to render Gr. évepyoupévy (R. V. ‘in its work- 
ing’). 

(cf. 1386 in 1.]_ 1440 [see ErFEcTUALLY 2]. 1847 Bidding 
Prayer, Ye shall also make your harty and effectual prayer 
to Almighty God for the peace of all Christian regions. 
1611 BisLe Fames v.16 The effectual fervent prayer of a 
righteous man availeth much. 1616 N. Brent tr. Sarfi’s 
Hist. Counc. Trent (1676) 505 Letters came.. with most 
effectual exhortations, in the Popes name, to accommodate 
the differences. 

+5. ? Actual, now existing. Ods. 

1598 J. Heywoop(¢zt/e), Workes, nameliea Dialogue, where- 
in are pleasantlie contrived the number of all the effectual 
Proverbs in our English tongue. 1655 Futter Ch, Hist.u. 
116 The Danes had London .. and Alfred onely three effec- 
tuall Shires. 

+6. ‘To the point’, pertinent, conclusive. Ods. 

1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. V/, ul. i. 41 Reprove my allegation... 
Or else conclude my words effectuall, 1608 Vorksh. Trag. 
1. iv. 207 ’Tis..my fashion. .to be plain and effectual. 1625 
Meape in Ellis Orig, Lett. 1. 315 LI. 203 He would give a 
speedy and effectual answer. 1677 MarvELL Corr. cccviii. 
Wks. 1872-5 II. 552 There will be no mony given this sitting, 
but upon very visible and effectuall termes. 

tartiaciratow [f. prec.+-1ry.] The quality 
of being effectual. 

@ 1641 Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 132 The nature, con- 
dition, force, and effectuality of grace. 1758 Herald 11. 46 
No. 18 The simplicity, facility, and effectuality of my scheme 
is undeniably a proof, etc. 1865 CartyLe Freak. Gt. V1. 
xv. ix. 52 Solidity, brilliant effectuality, shining through 
all he does. 

Effectually (efektiali), adv. 
-LY2.] 

1. a. So as adequately to answer the purpose. 

¢ 1375 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 385 3if a man schuld do effec- 
tualy almes, 1466 Sir J. FELBRIGGE in Paston Lett. 538 
II. 255 Yff yt please your gentylnesse to be effectualy my 
frend. 1576 Lamparve Peramb, Kent (1826) Introd. 8, I 
know not how I may more fitly and effectually commend it 
than to say, etc. 1662 Futter Worthies (1840) III. 119 
Doing his charity effectually, but with a possible privacy. 
1699 BentLtey Phal. 159, I have already effectually con- 
futed Pausanias’s date of Anaxilas. 1711 AppISoN Sect. 
No. 98 » 4 An excessive Head-dress may be attacked the 
most effectually when the Fashion is against it. 1818 
Cruise Digest i. 359 Any conveyance by the covenantor.. 
will effectually destroy all contingent uses, 1880 HauGHTON 
Phys. Geog. V. 205 The equatorial meridian chain has so 
effectually robbed the eastern Trade Winds of their vapour. 

b. Theol. See EFFECTUAL I b. 

1634 Canne Wecess. Separ. (1849) 225 We have been par- 
takers of the true word and sacraments, and many of us 
effectually called thereby. 

+ 2. Of entreaties, prayers, etc. (cf. AFFECTUALLY): 
Earnestly, ardently. Ods. 

1440 Gesta Rom. xxxiii. 352 (Add. MS.) We pray the 
effectually of one counsaile..and help. 1478 C. REYNFoRTH 
in Paston Lett. 813 111. 221 Effectually desing to here of 

owr welfare. 1528 More Hervesyes 1. Wks. (1557) 167/2 
He meruaylous effectually besecheth christen people to 
agre. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv, Prayers (1851) 457 
Grace to pray effectually. ea 

+3. Pertinently, to the purpose, explicitly. Ods. 

1583 T. Watson Poenrs (Arb,) 78 bernie: and effectually 
set downe, albeit in fewe wordes. 1633 ‘T. Srarrorp Pac. 
Hib. xiii. 146 Write to me effectually your Lordships mind. 

+4. As the effect of a cause. Obs. ; : 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxvi. 921 Of him that 
is one god in substaunce comyth all creatures effectually. 

+5. In effect; in fact, in reality. Ods. 

¢1600 SHaks. Sov. cxiii, Mine eye .. Seemes seeing, but 
effectually is out. 1662 J. BARGRAVE Pofe Alex. VII (1867) 18 
There arrived .. a gentleman traveller .. but effectually he 
was the Pope’s nuntio. pe Sterne Sent. Fourn. (1778) 
I. 35 Something darken’d the passage .. it was effectually 
Mons. Dessein. 

Effectualness (efe‘ktiv/ilnés). Now rare. 
[f. as prec.+-NESS.] The quality of being effec- 
tual ; the power of producing effects ; efficacy. 

1545 Pref. Hen, VIII's Primer in Wilkins Concilia II. 
873 The pith or effectualnes [Lat. 777] of the talke. 1587 
ot ontc De Mornay xxx. (1617) 523 The effectualnesse of 
his doctrine in the curing of mens soules. 1621 AINSWORTH 


[f. as prec. + 


EFFECTUATE, 


Annot, Pentat, Ex. iv. 7A thing done in the bosome signi- 
fieth and effe 1696 SriuincrL. Serm. I, 
1v. (R.) From the effectualness of it in order to that end, it 


is the of God to salvation, 1877 M. Arnotp Last 
Ess. Ch, 91 Has the age of a far g effec 
than B "s way. 

+ Effe'ctuate, pple. Obs. [as if ad. L. *ef- 
fectuat-us, pa. pple. of *effectud-re; see next and 
-ATE2.] Used as pa. Sp of next. 

. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath, 291 A mans death 


Blas def: effectuate by twomeanes. 1646 Z. Boyp in Zion's 
ee poe ae App. 31/1 That he see the premisses well 


“Simorbante (eferktizett), v. Also 6-7 effec- 
tuat. [f (on the analogy of Actuate) F. effectu- 
er, f. L. ¢ Lagreh -s; see ErFect sb. and -aTE # 

trans. ‘0 bring to pass (an event); to carry 
into effect, accomplish (an intention, desire). 

1580 Sipwey Arcadia u. 127 He found him a most fit in- 
strument to effectuate his desire. 3 Fieminc Contn. 
Holinshed \11. 1577/2 A deed of onour..and easie to 
effectuat. 1588 BR Rocers in Ellis is Orig. Lett. ur. 233 III, 
146 Gentlemen, against whom the kinge can lyttle effect- 
uate. 1638 Relat. State Kirk Scotl. 5 To the end they 
might effectuat this point the more easily. 1733 CHEYNE 
Eng. Malady x. iii. § 1 (1734) 138 Ly only Means that can 
effectuate a Palliative Cure. 1773 J onnson in Boswell IL. 
113, I should probably be put to death without effectuating 
my purpose. 1818 Cruise Digest vi. 167 Courts of justice 
have been always anxious to effectuate the intentions of 
testators. 1870 Bowen Logic viii. 229 If the Premises 
precede, and, as it were, effectuate the conclusion. 

Effectuating (eferktizeitin), vb/. sb. [f. prec. 
+-InG!.] The action of the verb EFFECTUATE. 

1619 in Eng. & Ger. (1865) 47 For the disguising and effec- 
tuating of their designes. 1630 Lorp Banians 85 They 
make as few instruments serve for the effectuating of divers 
workes as may bee. 1685 J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 65 
In order to the effectuating this his Mediation. 1812 
Examiner 28 Sept.619/2 The effectuating such a plan. 

Effectuating, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] 
That effectuates ; efficient, operative. 

1615 CROOKE Body 0} Man. 87 he effectuating cause of 
sensation. 1851 W. Hanna Mem. Chalmers (1854) Il. 158 
The effectuating influence. 

Effectuation (efe:ktiz,-fan). [noun of action 
f. EFFECTUATE: see -ATION.] A carrying out, or 
carrying into effect ; accomplishment, fulfilment. 

1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xx, Charles King of France 
..resolued to breake thorow all respects,.. rather then 
to faile in effectuation. 1818 Bentuam Ch. Eng. 135 In 
the effectuation of which .. the exclusionary system is the 
main instrument employed. 1818 Dwicut Theol. xiii. 
(1830) I. 233 To pauieh laws for.. the effectuation of the 
common duties, 1865 W. Patcrave Aratia I. 375 The 
effectuation of his great scheme. 


+ Effe'ctuous, 2. Obs. 
-wis, -uis, -eous, 6 -us. 
med.L. effectudsus, 
-0us.] 

1. = EFFECTUAL a, 1. 

© 1400 A = Loll. 55 Pe word of dede is more effectuos in 
werkyng pen be word of be moub. Act 2 Hen, VII, 
c. 61 § 7 The same graunt ..{shall be] advaillable, good and 
effectuous. 1548G.Wisuartin Misc. Wodr. Soc. (1844) 12 This 
fayth is effectuous through charitie. 1562 Turner Herbal. 
96 b, The lesse kynde [of Poly] is. . more effectuus or stronger 
in workyng. 1563 Homilies un. Right Use Ch. 1. (1859) 154 
The effectuous presence of his heavenly Grace. 1567 MarLet 
Gr. Forest 4b, Ceraunium. .is..effectuous to bring a man 
in sweete sleepe. 1610 Barroucu Meth. Physick wu. |x. 
a) Ne? You must come to more effectuous remedies. 

prayer, etc.: Urgent, earnest ;= EFFECTUAL 4. 
os Goodly Primer (1834) 226 An effectuous yer, ve 
needful in these last ..days. 1536 Bepyt in Sees Ece 
Mem. 1, 1, xxxv. 269 Two brethren .. have given their bills 
inclosed to me, very effectuous. 1655 Futter Ch, Hist. 1x. 
203 By our most effectuous and earnest Letter. 


Also 4 effectuos, 5 
[ad. OF. effectueux, ad. 
f. effectu-s: see EFFECT sb. and 


+ Effe: rot gene , adv. Obs. [f. prec. +-L¥2,] 
1. Effectually, w: ’ powerful effect. 
a 1400 Cov. Myst. tg) ) 380 Whiche in this cas Thou lykyst 


to re effectuously To ocapye the lott < Elna oc = 


¢ 1425 WYNTOUN Cron. vil. va 260 ig 
for-pi All be more effectwys! wry. — ye Pore 1531) 3) 6t 
To thynke .. not superficially . effectuously. 


‘TRAHERON Vigo's Chirurg. WW. 34 Oyle of lyn 
swageth payne effecteouslye. Riotey Wks. 274 
Whosoever receiveth w ily that and wine, re- 
ceiveth effectuously Christs body .. he is made effectually 
partaker of his passion 

2. Urgently, earnestly ; cf, AFFECTUOUSLY. 

1533 BELLENDEN Livy v, (1822) 441 Thay. ,desirit him effec. 
tuislie to lede thame.. to the tentis of inemyis. 1582-8 
Hist. Fas. VI (1804) 3 Praying effectuouslie to graunt hir 
constancie, 

+ Effe'ctuousness. Obs. rare—'. [f. as prec. 

+-NESS.] The quality of being effectuous ; efficacy. 

1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1, xii. 48 The effectuousness of 
the Semisextile..must be referred..to that efficacy, which 

.is not yet extinct in the Oblique Line. 

+ Effee'ble, v. Obs. [variant of AFFEEBLE or 
ENFEEBLE ; the prefix being assimilated to Er-.] 
trans. To enfeeb e. 

1571 GotpInG Calvin rach Ps, xviii, 8 The welfare of the 
Church. .may..be sore shaken, but yit not so effeebled that 
it shuld fal. 1581 Marneckx Bk. of Notes 326 That foule 
[Eagle] is. .not effeebled by yeeres, nor subject to diseases, 

+ Effee’b. v. Obs. Me of AFFEEBLISH ¥.; 
see prec.] /¢rans. To enfeeble. Hence Effee’- 
blishing v//. sb, Effee*blishment s/., weakening. 


be under, the strength of their clawes 
effeeblished. 1540 RaynaLp Byrth Man. (2634) 123 To the 
pt Seeing of Ss ee Ibid. (1634) 49 For in 
some they linger ke pct so an yea eight 
Sen ee feeblishment. 
Pe eocs hy sb, or arch. Also 4-5 effer(e, 
6 effeer, -air. [Sc. var. of AFFAIR, q. v.] 


zm AFFAIR 1; a‘ cause’. 
Baxnour Brace x. He sped him to the were, Till 
Eym and 1s0r Douctas Pal. Hon. 1. 
lxviii, For greit ae on thocht na pane to die. @ 
Montcomerie Offos. Court to Consc. 22 No furtherer 


2. = AFFAIR 6; appearance, bearing ; show, 
Bans 9 and circumstance’ 3 ceremony. 
ARBOUR Bruce v. 608 7 king it be thair 
efion That all wes suth men till hym tald. /did. vu. 
Iohn of lorn, with gret effere. /did. 126 Thai persauit 4 
his spekyng, And his effer, he wes the kyng. c1425 Wyn- 
TOUN Cron. 1x. xxii. 69 Dame Anabil Qwene of Scotland.. 
Cunnand, curtas in her efferis. cxg00 Lancelot 2357 Sche 
gart bryng . . With grete effere this knycht to hir presens. 
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 299 Thair forwardnes 
and eik thair fresche effeir. 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. xii, 
This rising in effeir of war. 
b. ~/. Phenomena, properties. 

1500-20 Dunpar 7histle §& Rose 128 Discirnyng all thair 
[flouris] fassionis and effeiris. 

Effeir, effere (in Sc. eff‘r), v.1 north. dial. 
igs 7 effeer. [Usual spelling of AFFEIR, AFFERE.] 

1. impers. intr. To fall by right, appertain, be- 
come, be proper or meet. Obs, exc. in Sc. law 
phrase ‘as effeirs’. 

c 1375 | Barsour 77oy-bk. u. 3020 And pai In Achaia hime 
erde With kyngis honour, as efferde. ¢1375? Barsour St. 
Philippus go, & al pe remaynyne to do Pat efferyte pare 
ordyr to. c1430 Henryson Mor. Fab., Tale of Dog 23 
The Ravin, as to his office weill effeird, Indorsat hes the 
write. bid. (1832) 25, I drewe a little’ by, For it eri 
nether to heare nor spye. 1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. 111. 
326 Or to his stait efferit for to haif. 1657 Corvic Whigs 
Supplic. (2752) 95 5 It effeers That I be judged by my Peers. 
1833 Act 34 4 Will. 1V, c. 46 § 128 All competent diligence 
may re ia and be directed hereon in form as effeirs. 

As personal vb. To be becoming, pertain 
properly. Const. ¢o or dat. 

a1850 Christis Kirke Gr. viii, He cheist a Flane as did 
affeir him. a1600 Maitland Poems 328 (Jam.) Honest 
weidis, To thair estait doand effeir [=effeirand]. a 1605 
MonTGoMERIE haps 573 All his fousome forme thereto 
effeirs. 1820 Sc fonast. xxxiii, In all that effeirs to war. 

+ Effei‘r, vt Sc. Obs. rare, [var. AFEAR, q. v.] 

1. trans. To frighten. 

1513 Douctas nes x1, xii. 102 Na wound nor waj 
mycht hym anis effeir. 1853 (ed. 1) /bid, vit. iv. 88 
first time that ony..persauit Cacus efferde [v.7. afferd]. 

2. trans. To fear, be afraid of. 

1552 Lynpesay Monarche 2576 Effeir 3e nocht Diuine 
ne tione ? 

ffei'ring, #//.a. Sc. Obs. Also 6 efferand. 
ste also AFFEIRING. [pr. pple. of Errem v.1] 
Properly appertaining, suitable, proportionate. 

1549 Compl. Scot. vi. (1872) 56 God almychty. -mittigatis 

.baytht the gude..and euil operations of the noe 
efferand for the vertu and vice that ringis aman; the 
1536 BELLENDEN Cron Scot. 1, (1821) Introd. 34 Litill 

es bene fourtene feet of hicht, with square ies 
effering thairto. 1816 Scotr Anéig. xli, With annual rent 
and expenses effeiring. 

Hence Effeitrandly adv., Apeoagy: 

155t Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 485 (Jam.) Efter thair qualite 
foirsaid to be punischit effeirandlie. 

Effeminacy (efe minasi). Also 6 effeminaty. 
[f. EFFEMINATE a,: see -ACY.] 

1. Effeminate quality ; ; Unmanly weakness, soft- 
ness, or delicacy. 

1603 Warner . ye — Epit. through eave Finding. .the 


Britons ali and effem- 
inacie. 1626 T. H : Constie "s Holy C A spirit soothed 
with its owne rman er Bat Sean ux Spec . No. 104 P 2 
His Features, Com —— hada bapeaet Ef- 


feminacy. Taown Peat es $7. oder yt mead 
eennes mal ually into ¢ false Politeness and Effem- 
inacy. . B. eecens Hist, Sk. 1. t iv. 172 A 
le, posoeaan of 

juxury 


Redcommeiie beautiful country, may be 
relaxed in Pur yo war eich 

+2. (Cf. ErreminaTE a. 3.) Obs, 

1642 Cuas. I, Declar. Soldiers at Southam. 21 Oct. 6 
Avoid .. excessive drinking and effeminacy (by some es- 


teemed the of a souldier). Mitton Samson 
410 But ik ctionstaacy held me yok! t fie Bond.Siave. 

Effeminate (efeminét), a. and sé, [ad. L. 
effeminat-us, f. effemind-re, f. ex out + fémina 
woman. } y}. 

1, Of persons; That has become like a woman: 
a. Womanish, unmanly, enervated, feeble; self- 
indulgent, volu agg unbecomingly delicate or 
over-refined. b. (CE quot. ure te in nb 

— two first quots. may possibly belon; ig to 

43° Lypc. Bochas m1. v. (2554) 77 I It is. the most peril- 
thyng A prince to been of his condicion Effeminate. x: 
ta Berners Gold. Bk. se Aurel, (2546) E E viij, An ffe 
nate persone neuer hath: or noble dedes. 


1549 Compl. Scot. xi. gers) 35. 
dominatours. W. Ind. (Arb.) 50 The 
hartes. x 


sclendernesse of t) renpecitie on effeminate 

K. Lone tr. — sA is IV. x *eemtnateie 

death shall © amend ~~ thy inate life. a 
Anson Voy. a no (ed. 4) A Luxurious and effeminate 


race, 1841 W. Seataune Thaty § /t, Isl, 1, 107 This step 


socee 
Prov. xviii, 
. 1609 a 8 The 


shal be 
tr. St. Euremont's E: a sllase ee tHe most 


the effeminate 
H. Rocers Ess. (1874) 


or phrase. 
+c. Without implying ‘poe Gentle, ten- 
der, compassionate. Ods. 

1594 Nasue Unfort. Trav. 26 Their handes had no leasure 
to e counsel! of their effeminate eyes. 1594 § Suaks, 
Rich, 111, m, vii. 211 We know your tenderness of heart, 

“id on kinde effeminate remorse, 
Of music, odours, etc : Soft, yee ay ced 
4 Prayrorp Skill Mus. 1. 61 The Ionick 


ues tight and effeminate Musick. 1692 O. Wanece? Hist, 
haa gag 77 The Myrtle .. because of its Effeminate 
smell, etc. 


“| Used for: Feminine, characteristic of women. 
1549 OLDE Erasm. Par.1 Timothy ii.g Nowe let the women 
also praye after thexample of the men. Yf there be any 
——- affection [Lat. ‘Si guid est in animo mulie- 
tir te uum’) in their stomakes, let them caste it out, 

hysically weak, ‘delicate’. Ods. 

— Frencu Yorksh. Spa x. 91, 1. .advise those that have 
effeminate — to take off the cold from the water 


os 5 

e notion ‘self-indulgent, voluptuous’ 
fig 1) seems sometimes to have received a 
colouring from a do-etymological rendering 
of the word as ‘devoted to women’. Unequi- 
vocal Acinic trepbennt cf. quot. 1430 in 1; also 
EFFEMINACY 2; EFFEMINATENESS 2. Obs. 

Caxton Eneydos xvi. 55 Man effemynate (Virgil 
sorted wythout h heneor seaceaee ik to dileectation femy- 
nyne. 1589 Hage Eng. Poesie u. (Arb) 146 The king 
Was su 

the B H .«pepill 
LLENDEN Cron, Scot., How in 
eaten afore they were effeminat with lust. @ spo Row 
LAND Crt. Venus m. 619 How mony men hes it effeminate. 
B. sé. An effeminate person. b. spec, (see 
quot. 1609). 
1597 Dantet Civ. Wars I. an kaat aera 
nate [Richard II]. 1609 Brs.e (Douay) 1 Kings xiv. 3 
Effeminates [Vulg. effeminati, 1611 Sedvuinal ve were in the 
land. a Cone 223 With a just disdain Frown 
= effeminates. 1860 W. Wess in Medical Times 15 =i 
Soft-handed effeminates, 
cola Gone aa 
atus, pa. Pe Eoin | of efféminare (see ATE “_ 
Cf. F. efféminer.] 
+1. trans. To make into a woman; to represent 
as a woman. Obs. rare. Pgh 

Cupwortn /ntell. Syst. 493 They effeminated t 
Pope attributed it to Juno. = Cisser ry eae (a7 es L 
oS the male Queen cou’d be Mreminated 

jaying that part could be shaved). 

‘o make womanish or unmanly ; to enervate. 

1551-6 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 40 It is not to pe 
feared lest they shoulde be effeminated, if were 
vp in good craftes. 1577 HANMER Anc. Eccl as (15 3) 
155 He effeminated his souldiers with all kind of by ae 
and | 1579 G ger Co one 
ing sweet comfortes into Theaters which down 3 
the minde. 1676 SHapwett Libertine ww. ~e Luxurious 
living .. Effeminates fools in body. T. Clockman] 
Tuibys Of mg any 61 note, a Stream which was said to 


oe me" Herald Ul. 2: if 
ihe io ee anon of wath T. Me Il wy eng 
iv ‘ore Il, 2: 
not proton fe al 


3. intr. To’ bassin Wolhedaale to grow weak, 


languish. 

suse Gone Cen’, III, 236 To seen a man from his estate 
Through his soty effeminate And leve that a man shall do. 
Hex Goocewrolisa pinche mary Ess 239 In a slothfull peace 


yee ab ob (efermineltéd), Af/. a, rae i prec. 
+-ED.] a. Rendered womanish or unmanly, b. 
Reduced to the employments of a woman, +c. 
? Degraded He Ge brit to a woman. 

mee) poem Ee Gt. Brit. 1x. iii. § 38 His chiefest Consorts 
were E rg a my te bogar —— H. 
Hutton vrollies ne 


mae him doe any be seg a te aces 


tan ssately (efeminétli), adv. [f. ErreM- 
INATE a. +-LY2. 

1. In an eff or unmanly oe 
= Tone ee: Chr. ne 

ini anaes 1555 Eo pen Decades ony - ae 


sapeiatier a eaioudy and a8 narnware Hist Sure. (16 Mi 
er any one. 
eee exabraced. 


amorous and effeminate. 
sed as os pa pple. of Ev of EFFEMINATE, v. Sc. Obs. 


. Worton Hist, Rome iers had 
ou Wve to 2h eens 1836 Marrvat Ol/a@ 


a7} 
; 


EFFEMINATENESS. 


Podr. xxv, They ..are ..a.. very. effeminately built race. 
1881 J. HawrHorne Fort. Food 1. xix, He’s not effeminately 


lovely. 
me 2. ? Through degrading passion for a woman. 
1671 MILton Samson 562 To let in the foe, Effeminately 


vanquished. 

‘Eife-minateness. [f. as prec, + -NESS.] 

1, The quality or condition of being effeminate 
or womanish ; unmanly softness or weakness. 

1g8r Sipney Afo/, Poetrie (Arb.) 59 An Art.. not of 
effeminatenes, but of..stirring of courage. 1639 FULLER 
Holy War u. xxvii. (1840) 84 They sent a distaff and a 
spindle. .as upbraiding their effeminateness. 1 LassELs 

. Italy (1698) Pref. 19 My young traveller should leave 
behind him .. all effeminateness. 1812 H. C. Rosinson 
Diary 17 Fune in Earle Philol. Eng. Tong. § 322 His sensi- 
Bn .is in danger of being mistaken for effeminateness. 

+2. (Cf. Erreminats a. 3.) Ods. 

1648 Hexuam Dutch Dict. (1660) Verwijvinge, effeminate- 
hesse, or given to women, 

Effe: ting, vd/. sb. [f. ErrEeMINaTE 2. 
+-InG1l.] The action or process of rendering 
effeminate ; unmanly softening or weakening. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 190 They make rather 
to theffeminatynge of the myndes of men. 1710 Lapy M. 
W. Montacur Le?t. Ixvii. II. 110 We are permitted no books 
but such as tend to the. .effeminating of the mind. 

Effe‘minating, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-ING2.] 
Making effeminate or unmanly ; enervating. 
ee Wycuer.ey Pl, Dealer m. i, Thou art as hard to 
shake off as that. .effeminating mischief, love. 1757 Herald 
(1758) I. 9x Effeminating luxury, 1860 Emerson Cond, Life 
(1861) 121, I..find the religions of men. .unmanly and effe- 
minating. | : ; . 

Effemination (efe:miné‘fon). [ad. L. effemin- 
Gtion-em, f. effeminareto EFFEMINATE.] The pro- 
cess of rendering or of becoming effeminate. 

1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. (ed. 2) 120 [The hare] 
figured..degenerous effemination. 1 tr. Bonet’s Merc. 
Compit. 1. 36, 1 know a place in the Belly..which, if burnt 
{with moxa], a certain Effemination follows, without hope of 
recovering a man’s Virility. 

+ Effe‘minator. Ods. rare—'. [[f. as prec. + 
-oR.] He who, or that which, renders effeminate. 

1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentlew, (1641) 279 That Effemina- 
tour both of youth and age, Delicacy of apparell. 

ffeminize (efeminsiz), v. Now rare. [f. 
EFFEMIN-ATE @.+-IZE.] trans. To render effemin- 
ate or womanish in character or appearance. 

c1612 SyLvester Du Bartas (1621) 1083 His braue Knights 
effeminiz’d by Sloath. 1616 R. C. Times’ Whis. iii. 970 A 
lovelocke .. Doth the lewd wearer quite effeminize. 1836 
Donatpson Theat. Greeks (ed. 4) 376 The tragic poets.. 
effeminized them. 1863 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 269 [Pope] is 
considered ., to have..effeminised Dryden’s style. 

Hence Effe‘minized ///.a., Effe-minizing A//.a. 

1824 Blackw, Mag. XVI. 162 Enthusiasm. .inspired..by 
the effeminizing sensuality of Moore. 1881 Lp. Lytton in 
19th C, Nov. 769 Our present somewhat effeminised civil- 
isation. /did. 774 It tends to encourage..an effeminising 
influence in English poetry. 

|| Effendi (efe'ndi). Also 7 aphendis, 9 efen- 
dee. [Turkish (64:5| efendi, a corruption of Gr. 
avdévrns (pronounced afperndés) lord, master.] A 
Turkish title of respect, chiefly applied to govern- 
ment officials and to members of the learned pro- 
fessions. 

1614 SELDEN Titles Hon. 381 Their aphendis written also 
by the later Greeks agévéns is corrupted from Av@evtys, Zz. 
Lord. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2313/2 Nachis Effendi (who is 
the chief of those that wear a Green Turbant, as being de- 
scended from Mahomet), 1716 Lapy M. W. Montacue 
Lett. (1825) 207 He assembled the chief effendis or heads 
of the law. 1732 Eames in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 340 
It has the Imprimatur .. of a Turkish Divine, and three 
Effendies, 1814 W. Brown Hist. Propag. Chr. Il. 535 The 
Effendis or doctors frankly confessed that they were unable 


to answer the arg’ of the ies. 
+ Effe'r, v. Obs. rare. Also 7 Efferre. [ad. 


L. effer-re, f. ex out+ferre to bear.] trans. To 
bring forth ; to give off. 

1606 Warner Alb, Eng. \xxxv. 352 But Insolencie hath a 
time as well to fall as erre..To which no Opportunities but 
doe Effects efferre. 1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 526 
Honey must be cocted till it effer no more spume. 

+Erfferate, ppl. a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. efferat- 
us; see next.) Fierce, harsh, morose. 

1684 H. More Amsw. 112 Either heedlesness or an efferate 
religious Melancholy. 

+E fferate, v, Obs. [f. L. efferat- ppl. stem of 
efferare, f. effer-us Ex¥ERr a.] trans. To render 

erce, exasperate, 

1658 UssHER Amn, vi. 243 The foedity of such an act 
might. .efferate their minds more. 1653 Manton Ex. 
Fames ii. 6 Riches exalt the mind and efferate it. 

Hence } Efferation. Obs. rare. Irritating action. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vit. 295 Spirits .. by their 
efferation often hurt the Bowels. 

+ Effe're, a. Obs. rarve—', [ad. L. effer-us, f. ex 
out + ferus fierce.] Excessively wild or fierce. 

1586 J. Hooker Girald. Hist. Irel. in Holinshed 11, 144/1 
Let us returne to the historie of this effere. nation, 

+ Effere, sb. Sc. Obs. rare. Also afeir, affeir. 
[Used metr. gr. for Fear sé.; the prefix vaguely 
after AFEAR v., EFFRAY: see EFFEIR 7.2] Fear. 

1553 Doucias 2neis u. Vv. [iv.] 21. (ed. 1) 34a, We fled 
away al bludles for effere [v. ». afeir], /déd, 1. i. 57 And 
for effere (ed, 1874 affeir] my blude togiddir fresit. 


51 


Effere, var. of Errerr, v. Sc., to suit. 
Efferent (e'férént), a. and sb. Phys. 
efferent-em, pr. pple. of efferre: see EFFER. 

A. adj. Conveying outwards, discharging. 

1856 Topp & Bowman Phys. Anat. Il. 487 A minute 
venous radicle, efferent vessel [may be seen] to emerge .. in 
close proximity to the artery. 1870 RoLteston Anim. Life 
Introd. 34 The efferent arteries are. .connected with afferent 
veins. 1879 H. Spencer Data of Ethics vii. 108 An impres- 
sion made on an afferent nerve causes by discharge through 
an afferent nerve a contraction. 

B. sé. That which carries outwards. 

1876 Contemp, Rev. XXVII. 541 Look upon. .the ethereal 
waves as the afferents and efferents of Omniscient Thought. 

Hence Effere'ntial. 

1836-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. I1.992/2 In Athalia. .the efferen- 
tial vessel is entirely absent, 

+ Evfferous, 2. Ods. rare. [f. L. effer-us (see 
EFFERE @.+-0US.] Fierce, violent. 

1614 Br. J. Kinc Vine Palat. 34 From the teeth of that 
efferous beaste. .preserue ourroote. 1657 TomLinson Rexou’s 
Disp. 167* To correct the efferous nature of the purgatives. 

+ Effervency. Ods. [f. L. effervent-em, pr. 
ne of effervére to boil up or over: see -ENCY.] 

he condition of being overheated, of issuing forth 
in a heated state. 

1670 E. R. Ne Plus Ultra 105 Effervency of that [blood] 
in the heart. 1670 J. CLaripce Sheph. Banbury's Rules 
(1744) 33 When they [fulminating matters] are burst forth 
and floating in the air, they [cold winds] hinder their effer- 
vency [in thunderstorms]. 1681 [see EFFERVESCENCY]. 

Effervesce (efoive's), v. [ad. L. cgi 
f. ex out +/fervesc-ere to begin to boil, inceptive 
vb. f. fervere to be hot.] 

+1. zxtr. ‘ To generate heat by intestine motion’ 
(J.); to break into violent chemical action. 

1702 Meap Mech. Acc. Poisons (J.), The compound spirit 
of nitre, put to oil of cloves will effervesce even to a flame. 
1748 HartLey Observ. Max 1. iii. § 2. 364 If these Corpuscles 
effervesce together.. repulsive Powers may arise. 

2. To give off bubbles of gas, es. as the result 
of chemical action; to bubble. 

1784 Kirwan Min. 43 [Calcareous Grit] effervesces with 
acids. 1792 A. YounG Trav. France 94 A vein of earth.. 
which..dha not effervesce with acids. 1805 W. SAUNDERS 
Min. Wat. 166 Which, when mixed up with soda .. effer- 
vesced and fused into a perfect glass. 1816 Accum Chem. 
Tests (1818) 28x The residue will..effervesce with dilute 
acids. 1846 G. Day tr. Szson’s Anim. Chem. 11, 28 Human 
gastric juice. .effervesces on the addition of alkalies. 

b. Of the gas itself: To issue forth in bubbles. 

1830 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. 1. 173 As the carbonic acid 
effervesces away, the particles of yest..begin to sink, 1874 
Lyett Elem. Geol. ii. 13 The carbonic acid... froths up or 
* effervesces’.. in small bubbles through the drop of liquid. 


i L. 


18§0 Mars. Stowe Uncle Tom’s C. ix. 65 A number of .. 
juveniles. .were effervescing in all those modes of..gambol 
and mischief. 1871 R. H. Hutton £ss. Il. 337 No period 
could be found when mingling faith and culture effervesced 
with more curious results. — ; 

4. trans. rare. To stir up, excite, exhilarate. 

1866 Harvard Mem. Biog.,G. W. Batchelder 11.6 The 
steady, regular tramp of the marching thousands effer- 
vesced our spirits. 

Effervescence (efoive'séns). [f. L. effer- 
vescent-em, pr. pple. of effervescére; see prec. and 
-ENCE. Cf. F. effervescence.) 


+1. The action of boiling up; heated agitation 


- of the particles of a fluid. Oés. 


1651 Biccs New Disp. 164 Black blood .. or lurid, green, 
&c. do not signifie the corruption of it, but are symboliza- 
tions of only..its effervescence, or fermentall turbulency. 
1676 Grew Lect, Luctation i. § 4 Effervescence; then and 
only properly so called, when they [the bodies mixed] 
produce some degree of heat. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit, 
vi. 160 The effervescence of the Fever must be permitted, 
1710 T. FuLLER Pharm. aig 2 By proper Internals.. 

lay the Effervescence of the food. 

2. (Without necessarily implying heat.) The 
action of bubbling up as if boiling; the tumultuous 
rise of bubbles of gas from a fluid; esf. as the 
result of chemical action. 

1684-5 Boyte Min, Waters 87 An effervescence .. with 
some potent Acid. 1695 New Light Chirurg. put out 63 
’Tis an Acid, because of its Effervescence with Volatile 
Salts. 1744 Berxetey Siris § 132 That effervescence ob- 
served in the mixture of acids and alkalies. 1834 Mrs. 
SomeERvVILLE Connex, Phys. Sc. xvi. (1849) 151 A tall glass 
half full of champagne cannot be made to ring as long as 
the effervescence lasts. 1844-57 G. Birp Uvin. Deposits 
22 If brisk effervescence follows .. the urea has been con- 
verted into carbonate of ammonia. 


1748 Jounson L. P, Wks. 1816 X. 310 The effervescence 
of invention had subsided. 179% Heroic Ep. to $. Priestle 
in Poet. ni age (1808) 397 The weekly burthen of their 
drowsy din Is..Mere effervescence of an acid soul. c1800 
K. Wuire Rev. (1837) 400 An effervescence of the sublimer 
affections. 1848 Macautay Hist, Eng, 1. 167 The first effer- 
Vv e of boyish p , 1876 Geo. Exiot Dan. Der. IV, 
lii. 55 A fellow .. who was in an effervescence of surprise. . 

Effervescency (efaive'sénsi). [f. as prec. + 
-ENCY.} Effervescent. state or condition; also 
loosely = prec. 

1681 tr. Willis’s Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Effervency, effer- 
vescency, a being very hot or inflamed. 1686 W. Harris tr. 
Lemery’s Course Chym. (ed. 3) Introd. 49 Effervescency is 
the Ebullition ofa liquid without the separation of its parts. 
1767 SteRNE 7%. Shandy IX, i. 5 Nor did she superinduce 


oe f. efficax ; see next. 


EFFICACIOUS. 
the least heat. . from the manual effervescencies of devotional 
tracts. 

Effervescent (efoive'sént), a. [ad. L. effer- 
vescent-em, f. effervescére to EFFERVESCE.] 

+1. That is in a state of bubbling heat. Ods. 

bd tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v1. 180 While the bloud is 
too effervescent, evacuation is not very proper. 

2. That has the property of rising in bubbles. 

1875 tr. Ziemssen’s Cycl. Med. 1. 459 Administer effer- 

vescent powders. JZod. The mixture is slightly effervescent. 
The abuse of effervescent beverages. 
1833 Macautay Wadlfole’s Lett. H. Mann, Essays (1851) 
I. 285 It was nonsense effervescent with animal spirits and 
impertinence. 1837 CarLyLe Fr, Rev. u. ut. ii, The old 
Gaulish and Gaelic Celthood, with its. effervescent promp- 
titude. 1867 Howe ts /ta/. Yourn. 67 He had been in that 
State during its effervescent days, 

Effervescible (efoive’sib’l), a. [f. as next + 
-IBLE.]_ a. Capable of producing effervescence. 
b. fig. Ready to effervesce ; heated, excited. 

a 1812 Kirwan (W.) A small quantity of effervescible 
matter. 1866 Morning Star 16 Mar. 5/4 The effervescible 
imagination of the extravagant fair. 

Effervescing (efoive'sin), Af/. a. [f. EFFER- 
VESCE + -ING*.] That effervesces ; /¢¢. and fig. 

1793 T. Beppors Consumpt. 128 Effervescing mixture of 
chalk and vinegar. 1837 Cartyte /”. Rev. ut. 1.vi, He.. 
was..conducted along the streets, amid effervescing multi- 
tudes, 1858 HoLtanp 77tcoméd’s Lett. vi. 222 Life’s first 
effervescing hopes, 

ffervescive (efoive'siv), a. [f. as prec. + 
-IvE.] Tending to or characterized by effervescence. 
init Hickox Mental Philos. 77 An effervescive force. 

Effet, obs. form of Err sé. 

Effete (ef7t), a. Also 7 effoete. [ad. L. effet-us 
that has brought forth young, hence worn out by 
bearing, exhausted, f. ex out +/étas breeding.] 

+1. Of animals: That has ceased to bring forth 
offspring. Ods. 

1660 H. More Myst. God. u. vi. 39 The Earth .. grown 
effete and old Hardly bears small ones [#.¢. men] now. 
1691 Ray Creation1. (1704) 134 The Animal becomes barren 
and effete. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 165 Hens 
. after three years become effete and barren. 

Jig. 1621 Burton Anat, Mel. 1, iv.1. § 5 (1651) 374 Nature 
is not effoete .. to bestow all her gifts upon an age. 17 
Burke Regic. Peace Wks. 1842 11.289 Even she [France], the 
mother of monsters. .shews symptoms of being almost effete. 
1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVII. 410 Wonder-producers in 
Meo generally become in manhood effete even of common 

irths. 1840 CaRLYLE /feroes (1858) 337 Nature..was as if 
effete now; could not any longer produce Great Men. 

2. transf. Of material substances: That has lost 
its special quality or virtue; exhausted, worn out. 

1662 H. Sruppe /ud. Nectar v. 100 The [Chocolata] 
Paste alone grows effete, and insipid. 1664 Evetyn A‘ad. 
Hort. (1729) 228 That imprison’d and Effcete Air, within the 
Green-house. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I1. 106 It..grows 
more effete or less smart to taste. 1828 Steuart Planter’s 
G. 187 The Lime is rendered nearly effete and powerless. 
1845 Topp & Bowman Phys. Anat. 1. 12 Animals and plants 
are ever throwing off effete particles from their organisms. 

“| Of strength, vital power: Spent, worn out. 

1765 WarpurtTon Lett. late Prelate (1809) 359 Till all the 
vigour .. of that monarch of the grove [the oak] be effete 
and near exhausted. 

3. fig. Of men in an intellectual sense, of systems, 
etc.; That has exhausted its vigour and energy ; 
incapable of efficient action. 

1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 228 They find the old governments 
effete, worn out. 1844 Emerson Lect. Vung. Amer. Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 295 It [gardening] is the fine art which is left for 
us, now that sculpture, painting. .have become effete. 1857 
Kincstey Two Y. Ago I. 226 Pray accept your effete Eng- 
lish aristocrat. 1869 GouLBuRN Purs. Holiness xv. 143 But 
the monastic system. .is now effete altogether. 

Effe'teness, exhaustion, worn-out condition. 

1862 R. Patrerson Ess. Hist. & Art 274 The effeteness 
of this Mantchoo dynasty. 1876 GLApDsTONE in Contemp. 
Rev. 6 June, The mummy-like effeteness..of Ultramon- 
tanism. 

+ E:fficable, . Obs. rare—'. [f. L. effic-cve + 
-ABLE.] Efficacious, effective. 

1607 TorseLL Four-f. Beasts 582 The fat of a wolf is no 
less efficable then the flesh, 

+ Evfficace, sd. Ods. [a. OF. efficace, ad. L. 

a. Efficacy. b. Ef- 


ect. ec. Active duty. 
1228 Ancr. R. 246 Ich habbe iseid of ham [tears] her. 


! uour muchel efficaces. @1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de 


W.)1. Prol., Vertues, In the whiche was all efficace of very- 


| tee. 1606 Sy_vesteR Du Bartas (1621) 327 By the touch of. 


their liue efficace. 1678 BuTLER Hud. 11. 11. 602 Saints That 


! fine, like Aldermen, for grace To be_excused the efficace. 


I y G. Wueter Liturgy 94 All-holy Spirit, his Life-giveing 
icace. 
+ Effica'ce, a. Ods. [a. F. efficace, ad. L. efficax, 
(stem efficact-), f. efficére to accomplish.] = next, 
1s.. T. Hacker 7veas. Amadis de Gaule (Bynneman) 259 
To drawe them .. by efficace promises and perswasions. 
Efficacious (efikzi‘fes), a, [f. L. efficdcz- (see 
prec.) + -OUS: see -Acrous.] That produces, or 
is certain to produce, the intended or appropriate 
effect ; effective. (Said-of instruments, methods, or 
actions ; not, in prose, of personal agents.) 3 
1528 Roy Sat. (1845) Goddis worde is so efficacious. 165r 
Bices. New Disp. 35 Lesse efficacious, that is, in plain 


| English ineffectual, 1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1, 1, iti. 39 


7-3 


EFFICACIOUSLY. 


He saies it is the first efficacious of the Being of al- 
things. ey T, oe Was. (2863) VII. 510 God... 


rag pe haps seen] 
1744 B Beanery Sir wd Ft 9 Soap, th 


pg me ok irs 
ag ML a ante 21 Variation and uc al Selection wll | 
cacious in distinct races in separate islands. 
Mu Repr. Govt. (1865) 51/2 To provide oan 
rities against evil. 1873 Browninc Red. Cott. Nt.-Cap 
497 Be efficacious at the Council there. 
Effica’ci , adv. [f, prec. +-L¥%.] Inan 
efficacious manner ; ? effectivel y. 
1647 CLARENDON Hist. Reb. v1. Ui. 152 No ar delivered 
If more .. efficaciously with the hearers. lam 
potato" — IL. s.v. det widg. G , They.. oe oe - 
and yield what is e ted from them. 1836 Sir rons 4 
Statesman xii. 84 Objects on which men are .. efficaciously 
employed. 1879 Cur. Rossetti Seck § P. 181. 
‘ciousness. [f. as prec.+-NESS.] The 
quality of being efficacious ; effectiveness. 

1630 Bae ersten Sermons bef. his Majesty it. As that 
which h sinewes and efficatiousnesse in it [differs] from 
that which is..powerlesse. 1650 Weekes 7ruth's Con/i. ii. 
42 The efficaciousness of the death of Christ. 1669 Bunyan 
Holy Citie 265, | come to speak to this Tree touc! ..the 
efficaciousness of its leaves. 1756 Brake in Phil. rans. 
LI. 2 Which multiplied by the lever a gives ma—é for the 
efficaciousness of that force. c1860 WRaxact tr. R. Houdin 
ii. 11 The Vermifuge Balsam, whose sovereign efficaciousness 


is indisputable. 

Efficacity (efike'siti). Also 5-6 efficacite, 
6-7 -itie. [ad. L. efficacttat-em ‘- F. efficacité, 
but this may be of later origin), f. efficax: see 
= prec. and next. 


EFFICACE a. 
1430-50 tr. Higden (1865) 1. 61 (The occean] felethe by more 
efficacite the strenghte of y® moone then a see coartate. 
1528 Roy Sat. (1845) Yf their paynted efficacite Is but as 
it semeth to be. 1543 TRAHERON Vigo's Chirurg. Vv. v. 170 
The oyle of .. saint Jhons wort is of singuler efficacitie, in 
all paynes of..the knee, 1624 F. Wuire Repl. Fisher 540, 
I could bring Testimonies .. of the efficacitie thereof to ex- 
piate sinne. — GaLe Crt. Gentiles III. 3 We may firmly 
assert .. the efficacitie of Divine Concurse. 1 15, Asu, 
Efficacity (from Efficacy, but not much used) Efficacy. 
1868 Browninc Ring § Bh. 1x. 150 Better estimate exorbi- 
tantly, than disparage Aught of the efficacity of the act. 
1874 Lewes Probl. Life & Mind 1. 114 The efficacity of 
Intelligence depends on the organs which cooperate. 1886 
Sat, Rev. 21 Aug. 251/1 The National Liberal Wasson? 
a monument of the efficacity. .of programmes and delegacy. 


Efficacy (e‘fikasi). Also 6 effecacy. [ad. L 
efficacia, f. efficax ; see E¥FICACE a. and -acy.] 


1. Power or capacity to produce effects; power 
to effect the object intended. (Not used as an 
attribute of personal agents: cf. EFFICACIOUS.) 

1527 AnprEw Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters Prol., Charmes 
of eficacye unnaturall by the devyll envented. 1532 More 
Confut. Barnes vi. Wks. (1557) 7409/2 Theffect and effecacy 
of al these thynges, commeth of God. 1563 Hytt Art 
Garden, (1593) 165 The seedes may well be kept for three 
yeares in good efficacie. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 
1. x. 40 An act, not.. beyond the efficacy of the Sun. 1744 
ancy Sitris §4 A medicine of suc’ — in a dis- 
temper. 17§0 Jounson Ramd/. No. 47 P11 e efficacy 
of mirth it is not always easy to try. 1792 in Chipman 
Amer. Law Rep. (1871) oh The division was not taken to 
have any legal efficacy. 1844 H. Witson Brit, /ndia 
IL. 553 To maintain the = oie of the country 
in entireness and efficacy. Froupe Hist. Eng. Lata 
1. ii, 103 No measures abe be of efficacy which spared 
the religious houses. 

+ 2. A process or mode of effecting a result. Ods. 

1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xxiii. (1695) 156 The Effi 
whereby the new Substance or Idea i roduced, is called, 
in the subject exerting that Power, fe ction 5 but in the 
subject, wherein any simple Idea is changed or produced, 
it is called Passion. bid. 1. iii. $24 We are ignorant of 
the several Powers, Efficacies, and Ways of Operation, 
ly gg the Effects .. are produc’d. 

+3. a. Effect. b. ? Actual event. Ods. 

1549 Latimer Serm. bef. "rs VI, v. Oiiij, You by youre 
prayer can worcke greate efficacye. 1613 Oversury 
Characters (1638) A Puritane, His axguin is but the 
mage d of his eating. 1633 Br. Hatt hgheg ‘exts 350 In 
the e eiiaint of his aaah he shall be so glorious, 

? Mistake for Erricient. 

1504 espera r. hes xiii. 76 The poniard that did end 

the fatal liues, Shall breake the cause efficiat of their woes. 


+ Effi‘ciate, v. Os. rave—'. Only in vbl. sb. 


efficiating. seo rrectly f. L.efictve ; cf. EFFICIENT, 
and see -ATE ge trans. To effect, bring to pass. 

1612 WoopaLL ; ante Wks, (1653) 406 A few instru- 
ments or msodiicaments for the efficiating 

Efficience (efiféns). Ods. or ack. ad. L. effi- 
cientia, noun of quality f. eficiens: see CIENT 
and -ENCE.] 

1. The exercise of efficient power; causative or 
productive activity. 


1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 11. iii. 37 The first piece of this 
Divine efficience is .. referred to the Divine Ideas, a 1680 
fy Eng vot Ms ino, Prozat Synon, L919, The 
the Event Ozz1 19 The 
renee +. to produce a third un- 
wn 

2. Effectiveness, efficacy. 

1865 Six K. James Famine, xxviii, Do thou for her with 


nce pray. 

Efficiency aig [ad. L, efficientia; see 
prec. and -ENCY. 

1. The fact of being an operative agent or effi- 
cient cause, Now on losophical use. 


use 
Earth 2) 56 Grav at bodieal dows proceed from 
1. ( ra’ not 
Sige 
wen Logic xii. 41 uence is no 
gic xii. 417 Constancy of seq 


“yb. The action of sn epeetie t or efficient 
cause ; A peer causation, creation. Ods. 
PENCER pF Alea tay 221 These Prodigies are 
oad. fu Prim. Orig. 
1Vv. vii. 350 That oy vom and Wisdom .. were eq 
formation and efficiency of the Sun. Cupwortn /ntel. 
Syst. 576 These ancient pagans .. used it [creare] generally 
for all manner of production or efficiency. 

2. Fitness or power to accomplish, or success in 
accomplishing, the purpose intended; adequate 
bag effectiveness, efficacy. 

Ames Agst. Cerem. 1. 49 The very frame of it .. had 

ciency. .to cary up the heart to God. 1818-60 WHATELY 
roo -pl. Bk. (1864) 76 The penalty annexed to any law is 
an instance, not of its efficiency, but .. of its failure. 1858 
Buck.e Civiliz, (1873) II. viil. 556 The navy was .. more 
than doubled in efficiency. 1859 Mitt Liberty v. (1865) - 
The greatest dissemination of power consistent wit 
ciency. = Fawcett Pol. Econ. u. v. 193 That sone 
more powerfully promotes the efficiency a lice Gun 
abundance of fertile land. 

b. p/. Efficient powers or capacities. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 46 The production of 
effects beyond their created efficiencies. 

+ Efficienciary, a. Ods. rare—'. [f. L. effi- 
cientia: see prec. + -ARY.] Pertaining to execu- 
tive action. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. xiv. (1739) 26 [They] exercised 
not only a Judiciary power. .but Ps clhe Plog" aemeenen 
power in the Marriage-making. 


Efficient (efi-fént), a. and sé. [a. F. efficient, 
ad. L. effictent-em, pr. pple. of efficere, f. ex out + 
JSacére to make.] A. aay. 

1. Making, causing to be; that makes (a thing) 
to be what it is; chiefly in connexion with cause. 

1398 TREvIsA Barth, De P. R.W. xvii. (1495) 61 The cause 
efficient. 1477 Norton Ord. Adch.i.in yy (1652) 19 For 
cause efficient of Mettalls finde ye shall Only to be the 
vertue Minerall. a@1g60 Rottanp Crt. Venus ut. 505 Of 
this slauchter he was caus efficient. 1577 tr. Budiinger’s 
Decades (1592) 614 By members are shewed the efficient 
powers of God. 1635 Swan Spec. M. v. ii. (7643) 149 The 
efficient cause [of dew] is the temperate cold of the pee 
1656 Stantey Hist. Philos. uu. 1. 54 Preexistent . 
the Intellect of the efficient God. 1 Burke Sxuéi. Me B. 
Wks. 1842 I. 58 The common efficient cause of beauty. 
1829 I. Taytor Exthus. ii. (1867) 55 The efficient will of the 
First Cause. 1866 Arcyit Reign Law vi. (1871) 321 This 
change in = is the efficient cause of a whole cycle of 
o ee 

nective of effects; effective; adequately 
Speen Of persons ; eee skilled. 

1787 J. Bartow Oration 4 July 8 Without an efficient 
government our Independence cease to be a blessing. 
1801 SouTHEy 7) XL. xxxii, hs his hand Shall strike 
the efficient blow, 1833 I. Taytor Fanat. v. 114 The belief 
of their efficient intercession in the court of heaven. 1850 
Mars. Stowe Uncle Tom's C, xxxiii. 297 He was an expert 
and sae workman. 

J 

aes The cause which makes effects to be what 
they are’ (J.). Ods., but in 17th c. very common, 

{1579 Gosson ‘Sch Abuse(Axb. )37 There are more. .causes 
in nature than efficientes.] 1 Booman Eccl. Pol, 1. (1632) 
76 To take away the first efficient of our being, were to 
annihilate vtterly our persons. 1611 Spee //7st. Gt. Brit. 
1x, xx, 68 The abuse of Sanctuaries had beene an efficient of 


many troubles, 1 dg T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vu. iv. 345 
Beside the sol . there is another bal whose 
efficient is the Bing “1649 Roserts Ci ga Bib oh The 


Efficient or Author of it, is..God himsel: 
ton Relig. Nat. v. = infinite nen Of effects will 
— an infinite —_, or a cause infinitely effective. 
Epwarps Freed. Wi Z1v. ix. 259 The Motion of the 
ion, -is not a coum E econo Be lucer of them, 


M larmony gnorance concerning 
the ‘efficien dents of La po the IR eed 1804 — Jing. 
Prine thar ra tte ag 

#. An efficient soldier; esf. a volunteer 


<7 eG pee for service. 

1864 M ARTINGTON Sf. Ho. Commons 4 May, The 
number oft efficients’ under the new system was 112,165. 
— Manch, Exam. 17 Mar. 5/1 The number of efficients 

+ present at inspection .. [was] higher than ever before. 

‘Efficiently (efi -fentli), adv, [f. prec. +-L¥2,] 

+1. As by an efficient cause ; in the relation of 
an efficient cause ; by the operation of an agent. 

1628 T. Spencer Logié. 158 Created effects are Necessary 
.-When the next cause is determined to one .. Naturally, 
or] Efficiently. pe peer eine Baxter pa Baft. 291 All men be- 
pe by awe faith ~—ore : iE tmp Se aeicieasty 

'UDWORTH t is apo le.. Fora 
th to be Efficient! it ae 7 Ine rh hich hath not..a 
ient Productive Power. 


2. In an efficient manner; so as to luce an 


effect ; with uate success ; effecti 7. 
1828 Fosren in Life § Corr. 1846) I. I eans to act 
—— as pay advocates. ¥: Patanava aa | os 
nA one so venety ioe the weak. 1 
Faovbn it ise. Eng. (1858) I. i. LD and is a fair evidence 
the system worked 


EFFIGY. 


Effiction. O/s. ne, L. effiction-em, 
stam attinion t cfingir to famca 


ce ty botapeysene 


+ v. Obs. rare. [f. Ev-+ Fierce] 
trans. To render fierce, madden. 
1306, Srensen FQ. mh xi 27 With fell woodness he ef- 


“Efigial (cf “dgial), he f. L. effigi-es + 
-AL.] Of the nature of ‘ t 

1715 M. Davies Athen, Brit 6 = three first Volumes 
contain chiefly 


“4 » (ehndgivclt, “dgivet), v. = rare. [f. late L. 
- ppl. stem of effigidre, f. effigies: see EF¥i- 
pte trans. Bc present a likeness of Bo por- 
tray, represent by a picture or so 
née br J. Kina Serm Nov. 5 Noses done o fg. 
Hakewi.t A 1, iv. % 1A 


punt aephens. i & uisitely effigiated by Villalpandus. 
1628 J. Watt Serm. Ded, It wes the Guigh of Seneca to 
am the Emperour Nero. me Monthly Mag. XXV11. 
ag 'wo-headed eagles.. were effigiated in many houses . . 
+b. To fashion znfo a likeness. Ods. 
1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dubit. u. ii. vi. § 17 A light or fire 
one's into such a resemblance. 1700 J. Brome 77av. 
Scot. 11. (1707) 297 Some [stones] we observed whose 
ea arts seem fey —— into divers little Feet. 
Hence Effi giating 7//. a 
1616 Hotypay Persius (1618) 3x0 Like the potters clay, 
now thou must feel Sharp discipline’s wheel. 
Effi:gia‘tion. [f. as prec.: see -ati0Nn.] The 
action of fashioning or of representing; chiefly 
peek a likeness, representation. 
Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1057 In the whiche 
all." giation doth shyne clerely. ULLER Ch, Hist. 
X. 41 a such ion was therein - ve tr. 
Cicero's Nat. Gods 1. 66 Philosophers call every Effi- 
giation of the Mind vain Motion. 1876 Mrs. WHITNEY 


Sights & Ins. xv. 163 The effigiation shocked me with its 
rude literalness. 


|| Bffigies (efi-dzijzz). arch. [L. effigies.) A 
likeness, image, portrait, whether drawn, painted, 
or sculptured, or of any other kind. (Now super- 
seded by EFFIGY, exc. as egy antic.) 

1600 Suaks. A, Y. ZL. 11. vii. 193 _ . Trav. 
181 The effigies of Saint Ierome, 
naturall veines of the stone. 1676 i Fay ue Blige 


arene 

they bein, I ruyn's 

Statue which Pee ta at fears Castle is Pig oat e 

Semiramis. 1820 Scorr Monast. xxiii. note, aay coin 
of James V .. the of the sovereign is ted 
wearing a bonnet. aS ee rw me Rae it (1858) id A 
Sign the Effigies of a of 


Laker Breeches. - 
Pa ioe “1653 5. Farctoucn Fun. Serm. 11 To delineate .. 
‘ies and beauty of his life and conversation. 
“di ges, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec.] trans. To 


rig U picture. 

PARKE 2 Dewot. (1663) 223 Sorrows inexpres- 
a . fitter hereto be eigiessed ; hie sacihced Iphigenia, 
. 


‘gium., Obs. rare. [med.L. (see Du 
coe ] Corrupt var. of Erricies sd. 
Buitem pecans (1888) 81 It was the picture or 


um of a noble man, 
‘gure, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. Ev- + Ficure 
PA ib, The ae om 


of trans. To put into shape. 
—_—— St, Albans, H. 
whiche was effygured.. wader reo 


Sore: 2), so that 


L ‘A "han portrait, or image. Now chiefly 
applied 3 a sculptured representation, or to a 

habited as in 2; also to a portrait on a 
der sene somewhat arch, 


1673 cog Prim, Chr. 11. 


tions of M 1713 one Ez No. 

bu: ce of the Pretender. 1727 A. 

New Ace, E. I xxx. Lae ply tery meat eee ag 
moun 


ct 

ak fe the 
original is considered to have agrees formerly 
done by way of Ryd ed out a sentence 
on a criminal ee escaped 5 ara as an 

expression of pop' 4 
b. al- 
ae ss agate hc 


those that are damned 
1652 Brome Queene’s 


ei et Sona Serm, — pitas 


EFFINGE. 


Exch. u. i. (1657) Cjb, Marvel not .,when this but in 
Effigy [séc, though metre requires L. ix effigie] Was but 
plac’d by her. 1666 37d Advice Painter 31 Gibson, fare- 
well, till next we put to sea, Faith thou hast drawn her in 
Effigie. —e Butter (ud. 1, 1. 1528 Some, on the Sign- 
post of an Ale-house Hang in Effigy on the Gallows. 1707 
Lond. Gaz. No. 4367/2 A Third, nam'd Piaget, was exe- 
cuted in Effigie, he had fled from Justice, 17xx Appison 
md No. 69 P7 One of our old Kings .. is represented in 
ffigy. 1724 Swirr Wood's Exec. Wks. 1755 V. 11. 157 The 
4 inted i issi hang him in 


people .. app certain to, 
effigie. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch. Strike iii. 32 Who pro- 
posed to burn them in effigy? ? 

Hence Effigy v. ¢rams., to serve as a picture of, 
to ‘body forth’. 

1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris 52 Paris..is..rich in what is 
calculated .. to suggest reflection .. by effigying the events 
of a far distant date. 

+Effiner. Obs. rare—". [f. *effine, var. of AF- 
FINE v. (cf. ErFinM v.) + -ER.] A refiner (of 
silver or gold). 

1sgr Sin A. Narter Le#. in Mem. 3, Napier (1834) 230 

oe effyneris may mak mair nor xl™ [£40,000] o 
profeitt. 

+ Effi'nge, v. Obs. [ad. L. efingére, f. ex out + 
Jingére to fashion.] ¢rans. To fashion, shape. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou's othe 592 Each Medicament is 
«» effinged into a form proper for the diseased. 

+ Effi'rm, v. Sc. Ods. [var. of AFFIRM.] trans. 
To assert (the existence of ). 

1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 51 Lactantius firmien .. scornis the 
mathematiciens that effirmis antipodos. : 

+Efflagitate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. efflagitat- 
ppl. stem of effagitdre, f. ex out+flagitare to 
demand.] ¢vans. To demand eagerly; to desire 
eagerly. Hence Efflagitated f/. a. 

1641 Prynne Antip. Ded. 5 Which long efflagitated diffi- 
cult worke .. the publishing of this Antipathy will much 
facilitate. i Suavwe t Virtuoso 11. i, The noble enter- 
prize..devoutly to be efflagitated by all ingenious persons. 

Efflagration (eflagréi-fon). rare. [as if ad. L. 
efiagration-em, f. efflagrare, f. ex out +flagrare to 
blaze.] Emission of flames. 

x81x_ Pinkerton Petrad. II. 271 This mountain was 
ster il inastate ofefflagration. /id. 304 The efflagration 
ceased. 

+ Efflate, v. Ods. rare. [f. L. effat- ppl. stem 
of effldre, f. ex out+/flare to blow.] trans. To 
puff out. 

1634 Sir T. Herbert 7vav. 78 Efflated with pride and 
high opinions of his worth. 1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1775 
in Asn. 1864 inWessrer ; and in mod. Dicts. i 

Efflation (efléi-fon). [as if ad. L. *eflation-em, 
noun of action f. effld-re: see prec.] 

1. Blowing out, strong expulsion of breath. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1.19 Efflation, which is the 
immediate matter of voyce, is the action of the same Arterie. 
166x Lovett Hist. Anim. §& Min. 359 The cough..is a 
vehement, frequent, and sounding efflation of much breath. 
177a in Scotr Bailey's Dict. (Ash). 

3 concr. That which is blown or breathed forth ; 
an emanation. 

1862 F, Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst.65 The Rig-veda is 
the efflation of that great being. 

Effloresce (eflore's). [ad. L. efflorescére, f. ex 
out + florescéve to blossom, f. flés, flor-zs a flower] 

1. +a. To bloom, burst forth into flowers (ods.). 
b. To burst forth into something resembling a 
flower. ¢. To burst forth as a plant when flower- 
ing ; const. zzZo. 

I Str E. Barry Observ. Wines 25 They will .. begin 
to Aaa and shoot out into Flowers. 1807 VANCOUVER 
Agric. Devon (1813) 432 Fungi germinate, effloresce, dis- 
seminate, and die, during the evolutions of the seasons. 
1826 Goop Bk. Nat. (1834) II. 18 Zoophytes, or Plant- 
animals, so denominated from their efflorescing like plants. 
1870 Rotteston Anim. Life 144 Efflorescing into two or 
three coecal ampulla. 

2. Chem. a. Of a crystalline substance: To 
change over the surface, or throughout, to ‘ flowers’ 
or fine powder, owing to the loss of the water of 
crystallization on exposure to the air. 

1788 W. Nicuotson tr. Fourcroy's Nat. Hist. § Chem.11. 
305 Some salts .. readily effloresce, and continue to fall in 
feces, till the whole becomes a fine white powder. 1791 

AmiLton tr. Berthollet’s Dyeing I. 1.11. i. 214 It effloresces, 
that is, it parts with its water of crystallization in the air, 
and assumes the erpeerence of flour. 1860 H, W. ReveLey 
in ¥rnd. Soc. Arts VIII, 323/2 Tufo, a volcanic production, 
never effloresces. 

b. Of a salt: To come (in solution) to the sur- 
‘face (of the ground, etc.) and there crystallize. 
Also, To form a crust (by capillary attraction 
and evaporation) on the sides of a vessel contain- 
ing a solution, = ay 

1820 T. CromweLt Excurs. Ireland vii. 61 The vitriolic 
particles .. are seen to effloresce in various places. 1868 
Dana Min. (1880) 636 Mirabilite .. effloresces with other 
salts on the limestone below the Genesee Falls. 

e. Of the ground, a wall, etc.: To become 
covered with a powdery crust of saline particles 
left by evaporation from a solution which has been 
drawn to the surface by capillary attraction. 

18.. Dana (W.) The walls of limestone caverns sometimes 
effloresce with nitrate of lime. 

3. fig. @. (after 1) To ‘blossom out’, break out 
into brilliant display. b. (after 2c) Of hidden 


53 


agencies, etc.; To come to the surface, become 
manifest. 

1834 Foster Pop. Ignorance Knowledge.. has seemed 
at last beginning to effloresce through the surface of the 
ground. 1837 CarLtyLe ¥”, Rev, (1872) II. 11. i, ror The 
secret courses of civic business .. effervescing & efflorescin 
«.asaconcrete Phenomenon. 1864 Sat. Rev. 31 Dec. cist 
A disposition .. to effloresce into extremely tall talk. 1865 
Pall Mall G, 3 Apr. 10 The man who effloresces in later 
life into the full-blown social science orator. 

Effloresced (eflore'st), ap/. a. [f. prec. + -ED.] 
That has crystallized on the surface; also, that 
has crumbled to powder. (See the vb.) 

1809 Naval Chron. XXI. 230 Effloresced matter thrown 
down from the rocks. 18. ookER imal. Frnis. I. i. 13 
They were frequently white with effloresced salts. 1884 
Athenzum 15 Nov. 628/2 The heat of dissolution of ef- 
floresced sodium sulphate. 

Efflorescence (eflore'séns). [a. F. effores- 
cence, as if ad. L. *efflorescentia, f. effldrescent-em, 
pr. pple. of efforescére to EFFLORESCE: see -ENCE.] 

1. The process of producing flowers, or bursting 
into flower ; the period of flowering. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 389 The Spirit of the Plant is. .severed 
from the grosser Juyce in the Efflorescence. 1869 GouL- 
BURN Purs. Holiness ii. 15 They are the blossom on the 
fruit-tree, an efflorescence which shows the tree’s vitality. 
1870 Yeats Nat. Hist, Comm. 117 The tendency to efflo- 
rescence in the trees of America.. has encouraged their 
diffusion through Europe. 

2. fig. A development like that of blossom; an 
abundant or ostentatious growth; the ‘ flower’ of 
age, etc. 

1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. 1. 40 His impertinent efflo- 
rescence of Rhetorick upon so mean Topicks. 1675 EvELYN 
Terra (1729) 14 The pared-off Turf is the very fat, and 
Efflorescence of the Earth. a@1711 Ken Hymns Evang. 
Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 187 Lord, who in Efflorescence of thy 
Age Wouldst from the World thy Spirit disengage. 1751 
Jounson Ram. No. 141 P 1x Mirth can never please, but 
as the efflorescence of a mind loved for its luxuriance. 1831 
Cartyte Misc. (1857) II. 284 Of Fable Literature this was 
the summer-tide and highest efflorescence. 1865 Lecky 
Ration. 11. vi. 265 That noble efflorescence of charity which 
marked the first ages of Christianity. ; . 

+3. Colour developed on the skin, either in the 
ordinary course of nature, or as the result of 
disease. Ods. in gen. sense. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. x. 330 A shadow or 
darke efflorescence in the outside. 1782 V. Knox £ss. (1819) 
III. cxxxiii, 69 The hectic efflorescence on the countenance 
of an invalid. ; 

b. Pathol. ‘A morbid redness, or rash of the 
skin’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 152 There is a threefold 
difference of Efflorescences in the skin. 1783 J.C. Smytu 
in Med, Commun. 1. 149 The efflorescence on her arms [is] 
entirely gone. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 135 In 
measles, infection reaches its greatest power during the 
eruptive stage and the stage of efflorescence. : 

4. Chem. The process of efflorescing, in various 
senses (see EFFLORESCE 2 a, b, c); also concr. the 
powdery deposit which is the result of this process. 

1667 Boye Orig. Formes & aad 326 To afford an efflor- 
escence which .. appear’d to be Vitriol. 1671 Kirxsy in 
Phil. Trans. (1672) VII. 4070 It [an inland sea, near Dan- 
zick] becomes .. green in the midle with an hairy efflores- 
cence. 1677 PLor Nat. Hist. Oxfordsh. 62 Pyrites are .. 
the efflorescence of Minerals. 1703 MAuNDRELL ¥ourn. 
Ferus. (1721) Add. 10 We found under it Efflorescences of 
pure Salt. 1828 Srevart Planter’s Guide 189 The sulphate 
of iron is..distinguished by an efflorescence of small white 
crystals, 1858 O. W. Hotmes De Sauty, Whitened round his 
feet the dust of efflorescence. 1886 Roscor Zlem. Chem. 183 
[Nitrate of potassium] occurs as an efflorescence on the soil. 

+ Efflore'scency. 00s. rare. [f. as prec.: see 
-ENCY.] Efflorescent condition ; an abundant dis- 
play. fig. Also=prec. (sense 4). 

1649 J. H. Motion Parl.14 Such persons, as shall dis- 
cover the greatest luxury and efflorescency of Vertue. 1701 
Bevertey Glory of Grace 4 Highest Efflorescency of glory. 
1703 MAUNDRELL Fourn. Ferus. 81 These Saline efflorescen- 
cies I found at some leagues distance from the Dead Sea. 

Efflorescent (cflore'sént),a. [ad. L. efforescent- 
em, pt. pple. of effdrescere: see EFFLORESCE.] 

1. Bot. That is efflorescing or blooming. 

2. a. Resembling an efflorescence. b. Forming 
an efflorescence ; appearing on the surface in a 
powdery deposit; also fig. 

1818 Farapay Res, vii. r846) 18 A slight efflorescent ap- 
pearance was seen on the broken edge. oe x ARLEY Mat, 
Med. 69 In combination .. it is found e' cent on the 
soil in some countries. 1878 Bates Centr. Amer. vi. 81 
Gold .. is found mostly efflorescent or disseminated in the 
mines of La Luz and S. Bernabé. 1879 G. Macponatp P. 
Faber I. x. 117 Deadening his touch with the efflorescent 
crusts .. upon the dry bones of theology. 

Efflore’scing, ///. a. [f. EFFLORESCE +-ING.] 
That effloresces ; that resembles an efflorescence. 

1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxvi. 856) ap A tideless 
river, margined by new ice and crusted with efflorescing 
snow. Jéid. xxxvii. 343 Great efflorescing knobs, 

+ Efflow'er, v.) Obs. rare—'. In 5 efflour. 
[f. Er- + Fuower v.] zntr. Of a plant: To go 
out of bloom. 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. wu. 82 This meene [kynde] ef- 
floureth [L. deflorescit] sone. 

Efflower (eflaue'1), v.2 rare. [ad. F. effleurer 
in-same sense (after FLOWER).] (See quot.) . - 


EFFLUVIATE. 


1875 URE Dict. Arts III. 87 Chamois, or Shamoy leather. 
The skins are first washed, limed, fleeced, and branned as 
above described. They are next efflowered, that is deprived 
of their epidermis, by a blunt knife. 

Effluction, obs. form of EFFLuxiIon. 

Effluence (e‘fliéns). [as if ad. L. *efiuentia, 
f. effiuent-em flowing out (see EFFLUENT); cf. 
earlier AFFLUENCE, ad. L. affluentia.] 

1. A flowing out (es. of light, electricity, magnet- 
ism, etc.); also ¢vansf. a (tumultuous) streaming 
forth (of men). 

1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. iii. 54 Electricall bodies 
draw other bodies vnto them by reason of a moist effluence 
of vapours, 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. ii. 64 Where 
the greater continents are joyned, the action and effluence 
{of magnetism] is also greater. 1759 PArl. Trans. LI. 386 
The cohesion cannot be owing to an effluence and affluence 
of one and the same electrical fluid. 1837 CARLYLE 7”, Rev. 
III. 1.i.6 That stormful effluence towards the Frontiers. 
1877 L. Morris “pic Hades 1. 233 Gladdened by that 
— effluence of light. 


1628 T. Spencer Logick 196 Truth, not of constitution .. 
But, of emanation, effluence, and consecution. «1716 Souru 
Serm. in Daily Tel. (1883) 10 July 5/4 The fulness and 
effluence of man’s enjoyments. 1836 New Monthly Mag. 
XLVIIL. 203 In this effluence of words..the genuine art of 
dramatic writing consists. 

2. concr. That which flows forth; an emanation. 

1603 HoLLanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1301 All water and mois- 
ture. .they call the effluence of Osiris. 1718 Prior Poems 
zt Heav'n’s fuller Effluence mocks our dazl’d Sight. 1862 

*, Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 225 When the jar is seen, 
an effluence of the internal organ .. takes its form. 1875 
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) I. 276 Colour is an effluence of form. 

» fig. 

1625 Gitt Sacr, Philos, i. 30 We speake of goodnesse, of 
power, &c., as of the effluences .. thereof. a@171x KEN 
Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 11.371 And to support the Martyr, 
on his Head Consolatory Effluences shed. 1860 Mor- 
Ley Nether, (1868) I. v. 148 The effluence which came so 
naturally from the tranquil eyes of William the Silent. 1865 
Merivace Rom. Emp. VIII. Ixiv. 70 They were persuaded 
that the empire itself.. was an effluence from the divine 
regimen of the world. 

+ E-fluenced, 7//. a. Obs. rave—'. [f. prec. 
+-ED.] That is borne out in an effluence or out- 
flow ; outpoured. 

1691 E, Taytor tr. Behmten's Theos. Philos. 56 The efflu- 
enced spoken Matter of the third. 

+ Evffluency. Os. rare. [See EFFLUENCE and 
-ENCY.] = EFFLUENCE. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep, 1. i. 52 These scintilla- 
tions are .. the inflamable effluencies discharged from the 
bodies collided. 

Effluent (e‘flizént), a. and sd. [ad. L. efluent- 
emt pr. pple of efflucre to flow out, f. ex out +flucre 
to flow.] 

A. adj. That flows forth or outwards. 

1726 Monro Anat. Nerves (1741) 21 Arterious or effluent. 
1738 Kei, Anim. con. 90 The Motion of the effluent 

ater will be alike in both cases. 1828 Blackw. Mag. 
XXIII. 590 The pure, hot, effluent gravy of your steak. 1880 
Daily News 9 Jan., An effluent drain into the Thames. 

Jig. 1803 Monthly Mag. XV. 151 The Acts of Peter form a 
. Narrative, so widely different in character from the Acts of 
Paul, that it is hardly possible to conceive them effluent 
from the same pen. 1839 Baitey Festus (1848) 60/1 Born 
Of effluent or influent Deity. | 

B. sd. a. A stream flowing from a larger stream, 
lake, or reservoir. b. The outflow from a sewage 
tank, or from land after irrigation or earth-filtra- 
tration of sewage. 

1859 R. Burton Centr. A/r. in ¥rul. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 
Geographers will doubt that such a mass. .can maintain its 
level without an effluent. 1879 Jerreries Wild Life in S. 
C. 344 This old hatch ..is situate..on the effluent. 1883 
Pall Mall G. 20 Oct. 4/1 The clear effluent has been drawn 
off from each tank. 

Hence E:ffluentness. vare—°. 

1772 in Scott Bailey’s Dict. (Ash). 


+ Evfluous, a. Ods.—° [f. late L. effu-us of 
same meaning +-ous.] That runs or flows out. 

1656 in Blount Glossogr. . 

Effluve (efliz-v). Electr. [a. F. effiuve in same 
sense, ad. L. effluv-cum, f. ex out + flu-ére to flow. 

The Fr. word was first Ey AT in this sense as a trans- 
lation of Errtuvium, used in English by Hauksbee 1767.] 

The diffusion of electricity from an electrified 
body by radiation or atmospheric conduction. 

188x in Nature XXV. 168 Combination of hydrogen with 
oxygen under the influence of electric effluves. 

+ Effluviable, z. Ods. rare—'. [f. Erruvi- 
UM+-ABLE.] That can pass off in effluvia. 

a1691 Boyte Electricity Wks. 1772 IV. 354 A great de- 
gree of heat ..[in a diamond being ground] may force it 
to spend its effluviable matter, 

+ Efflu'viate, v. Ods. [f. ErrLuvi-uM + -ATE3.] 
a. trans. To throw off (in a stream) small par- 
ticles or corpuscles; also absol. b. intr. Of the 
corpuscles themselves: To pass.off in a stream. 
Hence Efflu'viating ///. a. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 57, Camphire which spends 
itself by continually effluviating its own Component Par- 
ticles. “Zééd. u. 103 The Stars and Planets with their Lu- 

i and Vap Sph continually effluviating from 
them. /éid, ut. 159 Bodies that effluviate intrinsecally 
from themselves. 1685 BoyLte Sa/ub. Airy 53 The various 
effluviating- Bodies. 1693 Six T. Blount Wat. Hist. 186. - 


EFFLUVIOUS. 


Efflu'vient, a. nonce-wd, Extremely fluent. 
1835 Becayorp | Recoll. 169 To say truth, they were not 
only intolerably effluvient but inveterately prosy. 

Effluvious (efliz-vies), a. [f. Errnuvi-um+ 
-ous.] Of the nature of an effluvium, passing off 
like an effluvium. 

1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 125 The soul should 
covet a re-union with every effluvious particle of its former 
body. 1678 Cupwortx /ntell. Syst. 851 They supposing 
Humane Volitions. .to be Mechanically Caused . from 
Effluvious Images of Bodies. 

Effluvium (efl'zviim). P/. effluvia, 7-8 efflu- 
viums. [a. late L. efluvium, f. efflu-étre, f. ex out 

+ fluére to flow.] 

+1. A flowing out, an issuing forth; a process 
or manner of i ssening "forth. Obs. 

1651 Biccs New Disf. 156 The effluvium of bloud. 1676 
Marvett Mr. Smiri . 1875 IV. 8 [The bishops] .. 
cannot transmit it [wit] by breathing, touching, or any 
other natural effluvium. 1704 Swirt 7. 7ué 7 aad I, 123 
Owing to certain subteraneous effluviums of wind. 

2. Chiefly applied to the (real or supposed) out- 
flow of material particles too subtle to be perceived 
by touch or sight; concr. a stream of such out- 
ewng particles. +a. gen. (0bs.). 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 114 A continual steame of most 
subtle effluviums. 1677 Por ap degra 89 A spirituous, 
yet corporeal effluvium. .flowing from it. tx SHAFTESB. 
Charac. Enthus. (1749) I. 33 Epicurus. thinks to solve ’em 
by his Effluvia, and aerial looking-glasses. 1732 Pore 
Ess. Mant, 191 Quick effluvia darting "through the brain. 

b. A stream of minute particles, formerly sup- 
posed to be emitted by a magnet, electrified body, 
or other attracting or repelling agent, and to be 
the means by which it produces its effects. Chiefly 

pl. (Now only Hést.; but it probably survived 
the theory which it strictly implies.) Also fig. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 86 So will a Diamond or 
Saphire emit an effluvium sufficient to move the needle or 
a straw without diminution of weight. 1 - Rosinson 
Eudoxa iu. 121 The Load-stone doth .. so free y send forth 
its effluviums. 1660 Boye New Exp. Phys.-Mech, xvii. 
120 The Effluvia of the Load-stone. 1701 Bevertey Glory 
fe tog 23 He as the Sovereign Magnet .. Attracts ave? 

iving Stone by the Effluviums, the Flowings out of Li 
into, and upon, it. 1788 Cowrer Let. 9 Aug., Mr. Rose 
a valuable young man .. attracted by the e uvia of my 
genius, 1837 BREWSTER Magnet. 152 A plane or circle 
held east and west .. divides the north from the south 
magnetic effluvia. 1863 Draver /ntell. Devel. — xix. 
(1865) 449 The doctrine .. that magnetism is an effluvium 
issuing fo. ri rth from the root of the tail of the Little Bear. 

ec. An ‘exhalation’ affecting the sense of smell, 
or producing effects by being received into the 
lungs. In mod. popular use chiefly a noxious or 
disgusting exhalation or odour. 

1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 503 oe that say, 
there goes something out of the Sie bad call it an 
effluvium. 1663 BoyLe Usef Exp. Philos. 1. rH iotections 
Diseases .. conveyed by insensible Effluvia. 1712 App1son 
Spect. No. 538? 3 The miraculous Powers which the Epi 
viums of cheese have. 182x Craic Lect. Drawing ii. 1 
The effluvium proceeding from the colours .. is extreme! — 
injurious to..health. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iii. (1852) 49 
At the distance of half a mile..I have perceived the whole 
air tainted with the effluvium. 1 ARTINEAU Ess. II. 
260 [They] mee nothing of the effluvia of the orange. 

The pl. effuvia has often been ignorantly 
or ‘carelessly treated as a sing. (in senses 2 a, b, c), 
with a new pl. effuvias or effluvix. 

1652 Frencu Yorksh. Spa xvii, 120 Subtile insensible 
spirits, or rather atomes and effluvia’s. 1692 Norris Curs. 
Reft. 24 Tell me how these corporeal effluvias. .enter the eye. 
1796 C. Marsuatt Garden. ii. (1813) 20 Pieces of a different 
flavour and effluvia in the bark, wood, leaves, etc. 1 
T. Tuomas To W. Hanbury 14 The fam’d Perfumes of 
Summer..Men to Rapture with Effluvias move. 1806 T. 
Paine Yellow Fev. Misc. Wks. II. 180 An impure effluvia, 
arising from ..the ground, 1822 Imison Sc. & Art IL. 64 
The putrid effluvi in prisons, 1834 Beckrorp /taly II. 
85 A strong effluvia of the stable. 

f. efflucre: 


Efflux (e'flvks), sd. [ad. L. eflux-us, 
see EFFLUENT.] 

1. A flowing outwards of water or other liquid ; 
a stream, river. Also, of air, gases, vo’ atile 
particles, magnetic or electric currents, etc.; op- 

posed to afflux or influx, Also attrib, Hence, 
a wv coeunal of outflow. 

1649 Jer. TAYLor Gt, Exemp. xiv. § 21 A was made 
from the frequent effluxes. 1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. 
(1839) 504 The cause of smelling must consist = oon sim) = 
motion of the parts of odorous bodies without any 
or diminution of their whole substance. 1660 BoyLe New 
Exp. ii. (1682) 81 The Reciever did afford some efflux to 
the air. 1747 FRranxtin Wés, (1840) V. 184 We had even 
discovered .. its [electrical fire’s] afflux to the electrical 
pg as wel as beador—mge ; Temper for pect een la 

© narrow e 0 em) 10! the ux 
Stall th essalian W. 


e waters from the 

Smytu Coal § Coal-mining 187 The poe point of the 
water. oy R. Fercuson Electr. 55 It seems unlikely 
that efflux of —E..should be immediately succeeded by an 


influx of +E, 


IS 
1642 ANDERSON Sev. II, 186 His .. providential acts . 
by reason of that their efflux and emanation are made better 
known to us. x65: Jer. Taytor Course Serm. 1. ii. 17, 
1 have peste tn the effluxes Z the Holy —, upon us 
in_his Fhe mn 1827 C. Brincrs Es. Ps. _cxix. 
(1830) x The nese Gad aawiidon tien effluxes 


54 


of his 1882 PEBopy in: ore 
a with a newspaper .. is..an invisible 


PT a. Pathol. (See quot) Obs. 
ae Se 124 A miscarriage that hap- 
called an efflux. 

"3. The la ipa pasing aay (of ing, oF of 
particular ; hence, expiry, end. 

1647 N. bk tt Di Vv. 2x bao it to suc- 
cessors to work’ out legrees in time. at 
Manton «Serm. Ps. cxix. 100 All that efflux of xsd 
which _was between “Chiist's ascension and his’ second 
, is called ‘the pier days’. Tucker Lt. 
i. Lo The workings of mec! causes in the 
efflux of ro yy bey aoe 7 yp Reports 
13 Queen's B. 631 The efflux in 1877 of the time within which 
the turnpike trust was limited. 

4. concr. That which flows out; an emanation. 

1647 H. More Psychozoia Pref., All our souls are free 
effluxes from his essence. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 
1v. iii. 310 The natural production of Insects out of the 
finest parts and effluxes of most Vegetable Natures. a1711 
Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 500 Such Graces, O 
co-effluent Dove, Are the Effluxes of thy Love. 1880 Giap- 
STONE in Scotsman 23 Mar., The Established — of 
Scotland. .was the efflux of the mind of the 

+ Efflux, v. Obs. rare. A prec. sb e 

a. trans. To subject to efflux; to cause to flow 
forth. b. zztr. To flow forth; (of time) to elapse. 
Hence Effluxing ///. a., outflowing. 

1660 BoyLe Seraph. Love xi. (1700) 61 Some odd Centuries 

= years, (efflux’d since the Creation). 1669 — Contn. New 

Exp. Wks. 172 III. 222 As much mercury as will of itself 
flow out is effluxed. 1674 R. Goprrey /nj. §& Ab. Physick 
147 From his own effluxing goodness of Charity, he alwayes 
took care of me. 

Effluxion (eflykfon), Also 7-9 effluction. 
[f. prec. +-10N.] 

1. The action or process of flowing out ; 
flow (of fluids or currents of -< kind). 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. £, e might perhaps be- 
leeve that... by this effluxion jes oles totheearth. 1651 
tr. Bacon's Life & Death 53 An abundant and — Ef- 
fluxion of blood causeth suddain death. 1670 G. psd 
Cardinals 1. 11. Would he but endeavour to — 
certain passionate effluctions from his youth. 1874 Vish. 
Times 3 Apr. 5/2 Death occurred from a sudden effluxion 
of the b to the brain. 

b. concr. An abortion. Cf, EFFiux sé. 2. 

1643 R. O. Man's Mort, vi. 48 The Soule of that Effluction 

-must needs continue its immortallitie. 1696 in PxiLuirs. 
1ya1- 1800 in Baitey. 

2. The lapse or passing away (of time); the 
expiry or completion (of a certain period). 

1621 Motte Camerar. Liv, Libr. v. xii. 362 Till —_ 
ship may be consolidated a? of time, 1633 Ear. 
Mancu. Al Mondo (1636) e glasse then runnes most 
faintly when it [the hour] P ds nearest to effluxion, 1807 
G. Cuatmers Caledonia I. Pref. 6 The effluxion of a century, 
1868 7imes 12 June 10 The partnership..having expired 
by effluxion of time. 

3. concr. = EF¥FLUVIUM, EFFLUX 3. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 941 There are. .some Light Effluxions 
from spirit to spirit. ‘¢ 1630 Jackson Creed v. cxiii 

-deny all effluxions from objects sensible. 1852 Sir W 
Hamitrow Discuss. 69 Dr. Brown confounds the matterless 
ee of the a with the corporeal effluxions of 

mocritus and Epicurus. 

Be ger och a. Obs. rare. [as ifad. L. *efiuxi- 

f. efflux-, ppl. stem of effluére: see prec. and 
ave] ution. 
oe R. Lovepay Lett. (1663) 24 The kindred of our 
-. souls is called friendship, when their effluxive 
meet, embrace, and weave themselves into a constellation. 

+ Evffocate. vare—°. [ad. L. effacat- ppl. stem 

Cf. Surro- 


an out- 
"Also Sig. 


of effocdre, f. ex out + faux throat. 
oe) To choke, strangle. 
in Biount. 

+ ‘o’de, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. effodére, f. 
a +fodére to dig.] To dig out (of the aan 

dig he 

r om gee yp red Disp. 4x Some may be effoded 
PB hered. 1657 Dit, Efoded, ; Heed up. 


+ Effo'diate, ‘ “Obs rare, [irreg. f. L. effodére : 
see oA ng and -ATE3,] = geen. 
x612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr, 73 Trenches that it [this 
efodiated. 


ae Eiford hath 
Effo'dicate, v. Ovs. rare—'. [f. Ev- + L. 
fades spel. stem of fodicadre to dig.] = prec. 
1599 A. 


tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 34/1 Powe of Bu- 
glosse. .effodicated in the end & last quarter of the Moone. 

Effo'dient, a. vare—°. [ad. L. effodient-em, 
pr. pple. of effodére: see ErFope.] Digging; ac- 
customed to dig. 

1847 in Craic, 1864 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Efforliate, v. Ods. rare. [f. np apy v] 
To open into leaf. Hence Bffo'liated , that 
has opened into leaf. Also (with di rent : ans) 
Effolia‘tion, removal of leaves (7veas. Bot.). 

1671 Grew Anat. Plants i. § 44 That which here 
the now effoliated Lobes. 

Py Effo'rce, sd. Obs. rare—'. [a. OF. efforce, -se, 

f. efforcer ; see next.] . A violent means. 


1549 Sir T. Cuatoner Evasm. Morize Enc. 1 Ear Eis. Wool rng 
they so manfully defende = kepe it, both 


with poyson, and with all force. 
Efforce (efée1s), is 6 efforse. fad. F. 
efforcer (OF, esforcer) = Pr. esforsar, -sar, It. 


EFFRACTED. 
Sforzare :—med.L. exfortiare, {. ex out + forti-s 


strong. 
+1. vi To force ag to make an effort 
(transl. F. s’ ). 


Ps Helyas ps ol Rom. Ml. 31 ig 
ae ee to doo honour. 5 
HERON Vigo's Chirurg. 11.1. xv. 105 b, Manye efforce them- 
cL. 
2. trans. In Spenser’s use: To force to 
gain by force, to comets also, Zo efforce it. 
y ee eee Cae cofiers - . Them to 
force by violence bid. WH. ix. 9 y with 
crcl threat re tat we tfc i Tod. xii. 


'o have efforst 


3. To force out, ‘tear out by Sa vare. 


SINGLETON Vi I. 91 Standing corn, From lowest 
wenn aloft efforced. hie 


Hence Effo'rced ff/. a., uttered with effort. 


1596 Spenser F, Q. u. viii. 4 Againe he heard a more 
efforced voyce. 
a, prep. var. of AFoRE. Ods. 
Sc. Acts Fas. fae Vy 
(efp-um). Also 6 effourm. [f. Er- + 
Form v.] ‘trans. To make into a certain form ; 


to shape, fashion. 

1578 ANISTER Hist. Man i. 16 Nature (as I haue sayd) 
effourmed in such sorte this bone Se ied More 
Poems 10 Of warlike age — 


And pruning-hooks efform. 1805 g 

Sun 31 sae? on themselves Lame tho’ first efform ak 

— mold, by God. hag A . Hopkins Hawaii 211 
efforming the government to some 

+ Efforma‘tion. Ods. [f. prec. + -ation.] 
Formation, framing, shaping. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man iv. 61 We haue noted the noble 
vse and effourmation of thismember. 1662 EverynC, 
(1769) 16 As the protypus was of wax for efformation. 

Ray Creation (1714) 40 To give an account of the Produc- 
tion and Efformation of the Universe. 

+ Effo‘rmative, «. Ods. [f. as prec.: see 
-IVE.] Formative, tending to form. 


1647 H. More Song of Soud Notes 163/2 Avvayis rAagrixh, 
is that efformative might in the seed shapes the bod: 
in its growth. Gate Crt, Gentiles 1. m. iii. 43 


plastic and efformative virtue. 
Effo'rmer. [f. Erronm v. +-zR.] One who, or 
that which, forms, moulds, or fashions. 
1662 H. More /mmort. Soul 195 If the Mother's Soul 
could be the Efformer of the Foetus, etc. 
— (eféat), sd. [a. F. fort, noun of action, 
f. efforcer: see ErroRce v.; in OF. and Pr. 
esfort, It. sforzo. In 17th and 18th c. accented 
effort; see quots. in 2.] 
+1. Power : also, A/. powers, yates Obs. 
Caxton £; doi i. 14 The peg ee other 
in efforte and avout pp r* aad (1759) 11. 15 
The same Efforts, she does confer Upon the same juc- 
tions here. 
\.-2. A strenuous putting forth of power, 
M or mental ; a laborious attempt ; a anes 
Caxton Sonnes of A sawe 
ite Se Some soe fat Ree nye oa his 
folke. 1636 Dennam Passion “3 Dido 248 Life's last 
efforts yet striving with her wound, 1682 Suapwett Medal 
121 In ale Cont, Whee San Yer oe an ie 
her great effort. Bie rcmsgg et ioe 2 a 
Courser . 7) He ete Y - 
cone Dict. Marine Aes h iy, She ba aery 
10 


a lively interest, attention, thoug an effort, a 
comes 4 delightful e ‘ort. es 1. § 27. 
It seit a le effort 


[Bossuet's] greatest genius. 
+ Effo'rt, v. Ods. “fe Ev- + L, fortis strong.) 
trans. To 


1662 FULLER Werthies (1840) D 76 He effortn hie spit 


with the remembrance. .of what had been, 
Effortless (efou:tlés), a. rg | uasi-adv. [f. 
Errort sd, + -LEss.] Making no a 


1. Abstaining from effort, f map the gap 
1801 Sourney 7halaba w. to remain Were yield- 
ing effortless. 1880 H. f Hy Aan 37 You have lost 


time in eff contemplation. 
2. ‘Acti without effort ; unstrained, easy. 
Sag XXIX, 683 The 


effortless Gage! 
of Le Tares 37 eagone >s in 
[children’s] easy, effortless, . 
Hence Effortlessly a, without exertion. 


i a Seed acai 31 July 30/2 Effecting all our object 
painlessly 
+ Effo-ssion. Obs. rare. (od. I. eftssiiaca® 
effoss-us, pa. pple. of ¢ ErrovE.] 
action of wean, ond (of the ground). 
set Toniece & ous 271 Its roots .. after their 
effossion are AxsuTunor, ete, Mar. 
png LINE hg “ihee) X. asp) X, sap ee is 
several annual sums 1755 in 


; fia. Ob Pa fae 
1. stem of ¢; ere, f. ex + € 
3 Teta ion 


EFFRACTION, 


Effraction (efre‘kfon). [a. Fr. effraction, as 
if ad. L. *effraction-em, f. as prec.] Breaking 
open (a house) ; burglary. 

1840 New Monthly Mag. LVIII. 277 The dwelling-place 
where the effraction was gt “aioe . 1868 Mirman Sz, 
Pauil’s iv. 80-A riot, with effraction and murder. 1881 
J. Payne Villon’s Poems Introd. 54 Such efficient instru- 
ments of effraction that no bolts or locks could resist them. 

+ Effra‘cture. Obs. rare. [ad. L. effractiira, 
f. as prec.] (See quot.) 

1634 T. JoHNson tr. Parey’s ytpgy se vi. (1678) 232 An 
Effracture [of the Skull] is when the bone falls down, and 
is broken bys most Violent blow. = 

Effrajable, a. Perhaps a misprint for Errroy- 
ABLE, which Harvey elsewhere uses. The Dicts, 
have effracad/e with this example. 

. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 5 Pestilential symp- 
toms declare nothing a proportionate efficient of their ef- 
frajable and miscreant nature. 1755 Jounson, Effraiadle, 
So 1775 in Asu. 1782-x800 in Baitey; and in mod. Dicts. 

Effranchise (efrarntfaiz), v. [corresp. for- 
mally to OF. effranchiss-, effranchir, f. es- (:—L. 
ex-) out+franc free; but perh. the Eng. word 
may be a recent formation from the same ele- 
ments. Cf. AFFRANCHISE, ENFRANCHISE.] To 
invest with franchises or privileges. 

1864 in WessTER; and in mod. Dicts. : 

Hence Effra*nchisement, the action of effran- 
chising; the state of being effranchised. 

1795 tr. Mercier’s Fragm. Pol. & Hist. 11. 436 The sub- 
sidies they [the Romans] demanded from them [the pro- 
vinces] were on the condition of effranchisement. 

ffray, obs. var. AFFRAY sé. 

1375 Barsour Bruce v. 113 In sic effray thai baid that 
nycht. 1483 Caxton G. de da Tour Biij, For no gentil 
wymmen ought to make none effrayes in them. 1553 (ed. 1) 
Douctas Atneis x1. xvii. 67 Acca schawis to him and all 
his feris The huge effray [ed. Smad/ affray]. 

+ Effray’, v. Ods. [a.F. effraye-r: see AFFRAY.] 

1. trans. To frighten; to affect with fear; to 
alarm, startle. 

1375 Barsour Bruce vu. 610 Thai effrayit war suddanly. 
‘ele Caxton Chron, Eng. ccxiv. 201 Moche other folke 
were sore effrayed. 1500-20 Dunbar 77s. §& Rose 68 And 
that no schouris nor blastis cawld Effray suld flouris nor 
fowles on the fold. 1596 Spenser 7. Q. 1. i. 16 Their dam 
upstart out of her den effraide. 

. To keep off by frightening ; to scare. 

1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 58 Fra y'* profane 
noueltie .. effrayis vs y° Apostolique .. doctrine, 

3. To feel fear of; to fear. 

1485 Caxton 7revisa’s Higden (1527) m1. Xxx. 122, I lyue 
in ee drede and effray myne owne wardyens. ; 

ence Effrayed #//. a., frightened, shaking with 
fear. Effray’edly adv., in an alarmed manner, as 
men do who are alarmed. Effray*ing vé/. sd., 
the state of being afraid; fright. All Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce v. 110 The men .. full effraytly gat 
thair ger. did, 1x. 599 The Inglis .. war stonayit for ef- 
frayng. 1533 BeELLENDEN Livy 11. (1822) 150 The senate 
effrayetlie convenit to this counsell, and wes mair effrayetlie 
consultit. 1553 Doveias 4neis 1x. iii. (ed. 1) 170 Wyth 
pikkis brekand doun Zone forteres, and now.. wyth me 
Assailzeant this effrayit strenth. 

+ Effrenable, a. Obs. vare—'. [f. L. effrén-us 
unbridled (f. ex out + frén-um bridle) + -ABLE.] 
Incapable of restraint, violently rebellious. 

1621 Botton Stat. /red, 313 (an. 11 Eliz.) The saide traytor 
having by this effrenable meanes growen to great power. 

+ mate, a. Obs. [ad. L. effrenat-us, f. eff 
rendre, f.ex out +frén-um bridle. Cf. F. effréné.] 
a. Of passions: Unbridled, ungovernable. b. Of 
drugs: Violent in action. 

ie Asp. Parker Corr. (1852) 157 Men of effrenate in- 
comnerany: 1657 Tomuinson Renon’s Disp. 143 Nothing 
doth so much dehort from. .any medicament as its effrenate, 
prepotent and malign quality. 4 

Hence Evffrenated £//. a., unbridled, unruly. 

1586 J. Hooker Girald. Ired. in Holinshed 11. 144/1 Let 
ys returne to the historie of this effere and effrenated 
nation. 

+ Effrena‘tion. Ods.-° [ad. L. effrénation- 
em, f. effrenare: see prec.] (See quot.) 

1623 Cockeram, Effrenation, unruliness. 1656 in BLount 
Glossogr. 1818 in Topp; and in mod. Dicts. = 

+ Effre‘nous, @. Ods. vare—'. [f. L. effrén-us; 
see EFFRENABLE and -oUS.] = EFFRENATE b. 

1657 TomLinson Renou's Disp, 164 Stibium also. .though 
it be immite and effrenous. - 

+ Effri‘nge, v. Obs. rare—1. [ad. L. effringére, 
f. ex out +frangére to break.] trans. To break 
or pound out; to make by pounding. 

1657 Tomuinson Renon's Dis, 195 Medicaments from 
Bs. f .. Powders can be efringed. if 

+ Effro-nt, v. Ods. rare. [(1) back-formation 
from next; (2) ad. OF. effronter to break the 
forehead of ; see next.] 

1. trans. To free from bashfulness. 

1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 40, I am naturally 
bashfull, nor hath .. age .. been able to effront .. me. 

2. To put to confusion. 

1649 G. Danie. 7rinarch., Rich. II, cclvi, Least Glo- 
cester’s Credit and Relations might Effront his storye. 

+ Effronted, 7//. a. Obs. [f. F. effronté, OF. 
esfronté ( = It. sfrontato) :—late L. *ex- (ef-)fron- 
tatus, £. (*ex-) ef-frons, f. ex out, without + frons 


55 


forehead + -ED. (The L. /frvons occurs in the 
sense of ‘ability to blush’, so that effrons prob. 
meant ‘unblushing’ ; cf. brow/less, frontless. Some, 
however, 8 onal the lit. sense to be ‘ putting forth 
the forehead’. )] 

Shameless, barefaced, unblushingly insolent. 

5 aol Gixrin Skiad, (1878) 4x Yet their effronted thoughts 
adulterate, Think the blind world holds them legitimate, 
1612 J. Tayor (Water P.) Scudler Wks. 11. 17/2 He .. with 
his effrontit shamelesse face, Seemes to command the diuell. 
1614 Sir W. ALEXANDER Doomesday u. (R.) Th’ effronted 
whore prophetically showne By holy John in his mysterious 
scrouls, 1641 Relat. Answ. Earl Strafford 97 Others.. 
imputed this to his effronted boldnesse. 

Hence + Effro‘ntedly adv., in a barefaced man- 
ner; shamelessly. 

1628 Lr Grys tr. Barclay’s Argenis 216 Lest my Vncle.. 
should the more effrontedly execute vpon mee the re- 
mainder [of his treachery]. 1680 Hickxes Sfir. Popery 40 
To shew. .how effrontedly this Antiepiscoparian speaks. 

Effrontery (efryntéri). Also 8 effronterie, 
-ary. [ad. F. effronterie, f. effronté: see Er- 
FRONTED.] Shameless audacity, unblushing inso- 
lence. Also concr. 

1715 M. Davirs Ath. Brit. I. Pref. 28 By Printing those 
Orthodox Letters he gain’d the Point of making his own 
Effrontaries to sell the better, 1720 WELTON Suffer. Son 
bf I, v. 100, I express my Resentment .. by the super- 

cial Effrontery .. of my Brows, 175 SMoLLETT Per. Pic. 
(1779) III. Ixxx. 65 The happy inheritance of impregnable 
effrontery. 1814 D’Israeui Quarrels Auth. (1867) 362 Both 
as modest in their youth as afterwards remarkable for their 
effrontery. 1858 Robertson Lect. ii. 58 With blasphemy 
and unscrupulous effrontery, 

Hence + Effro‘nterist [see -IST], 72ovce-zwd, one 
who displays effrontery. 

1776 Adv. Corkscrew ii. 18 He was now become a perfect 
effronterist. 

+ Effro‘ntuous, a. Oés. vare. [irreg. f. Er- 
FRONTED, after words like affectuous, fatuous.] 
Characterized by effrontery. 

1734 Nortu Zam, m. vii. 543 That a Government should 
appear so weak as to suffer such an effrontuous proceeding to 
run on to this height. 

Hence Effro‘ntuously, adv. 

1734 Nortn Lives I. 127 To hear his decrees most 
brutishly and effrontuously arraigned. — Exam. 1. i. 23. 

+ Effroy‘able, 2. Ods. rare. [a. F. effroyable, 
f. effroz fright.]_ Frightful. 

1689 G. Harvey Curing Dis. by Expect. iv. 23 The first 
.. upon the sight of such an effroyable symptom .. might 
mistake it for an Apoplexy. 

+Effu'de, v. Olds. [incorr. ad. L. effundére 
(see EFFUND v.), the perfect stem effid- being taken 
instead of the pres. stem.] ¢rans. To pour out. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 7 This hidious cataract.. 
effudes it selfe altogether..into the ocean. 1657 TomLin- 
son Renonu’s Disp. 79 Whereby part of it will be effuded. 

Effulge (efv'ldz), v. fcet. (but now mainly in 
humorously pedantic use). [ad. L. effulg-ére, f. ex 
out +/ulgére to shine.] 

1. intr. To shine forth brilliantly. 

1735 THomson Liberty v. 361 As on pure winter's eve, 
Gradual the stars effulge. 1744 AKENSIDE Pleas. Imag. 
1. 479 Like rays effulging from the parent sun. 1865 ALEx. 
cap Summ. Skye 1. 38 Each effulging like Phoebus. 


. fig. 

1828 J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 277 He effulges 
with the sun in velveteen jacket and breeches. 1852 D. 
Morr Contadina i, The eloquence of purest truth effulges 
in thy smile. 

2. trans. To flash forth. Zt, and jig. 

1729 SAvAGE Wanderer v. 20 The topaz charms the sight, 
Like these, effulging yellow streams of light. 1729 THom- 
son Britannia, His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. 

E ence (efy'ldzéns). [f. next: see -ENCE.] 
The quality of being effulgent, splendid radiance, 
it. and fig. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. ut. 388 On thee Impresst the effulgence 
of his Glorie abides. apne rn Nat. Hist. (1862) 1. 
xxi. 135 In the first half 5 its visible course, it emitted a 
pce effulgence. x82r Craic Lect. Drawing ii. 10 

e splendour of rich colour is to be found only in the ef- 


fulgence of light. 

Effulgent (cfrldgént), @. [ad. L. efiudgant-em, 
f. as prec.] Shining forth brilliantly; sending 
forth intense light; resplendent, radiant, Hence 
Effu'lgently adv. 


1738 GLover Leonidas 1.89 Whose spacious orb collects 
th’ effulgent beams. 1 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna 
(1857) 178 He is upborne by an effulgent cloud. 1860 Tyn- 
DALL Glac. 1. § 27. 218 The fiery light of the sinking sun... 
mottled the mountains with effulgent spaces. 

ig: 1744 AKENSIDE Pleas. Lae 1. 330 Venus .. stood 
Effulgent on the pearly car. 183 Brewster Vew/fon (1855) 
II. xxiv. 358 Others .. resist the effulgent evidence which 
sustains the strongholds of our faith. 1868 J. T. Netrie- 
sup Ess. Browning vi. 219 Its beauty might be more ef- 
fulgent by reason of the .. dulness of the rest. 


+ Effu:lmina‘tion. Ods. rare—\. [f. Er- + 
Furmination.] The launching of thunderbolts ; 
concr. a. thunderbolt launched. jig. 
~ a@1670 Hacker Add. Williams 1. (1692) 32 The Popes... 
attempting to send out effulminations against Christian 
kings in all countries. 


- :mabi'lity. nonce-wd. Obs. [f. L. effuma- 
ve+-bility: see Errume and -rry.] Capability 
of being converted into vapour, 


EFFUSE. 


1680 BoyLe Scept. Chem, 1v. 271 Paracelsus..seems to 
define Mercury by Volatility, or (if I may coyne such a 
Word) Effumability. 

+ Effuma‘tion. rare. [a. OF. efumation, as 
if ad. L. *effimation-em, f. effiimare: see next.] 
The action of converting into ‘fumes’ or vapour ; 
concr, a vapour emitted. 

1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angl. iv. 47 Swelling ebullition, 
whence afterwards those hot effumations .. arise. 1684 tr. 
Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xiv. 494 Instruments fit for Effuma- 
tion and Vaporation. 


+ Effu'me, v. Ols. rare—'. [ad. F. effumer, f. 
L. effiimare, f. ex out + fiim-us smoke.] svans. 
To puff out (smoke). 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out Hum. mi. i, I can make this 
dog take as many whiffes as I list, and he shall retain, or 


effume them, at my pleasure. 

Effund (efond), v. [ad. L. effund-cre, f. ex 
out + fund-cre to pour.]} 

trans. To pour out (4. and fig.); to shed 
(blood) ; to pour out the contents of (a vessel). 

1420 Pallad. on Husb. wv. 107 Oyldregges salt effunde 
uppon the roote [of olives]. a1g00 Cuckow 4 Night, Lenvoye, 
Suspires which I effunde in silence! 1550 BaLe /wage 
Both Ch, u. Lijb(T.), After this went forth the seconde 
angel .. effundinge his vial upon the sea. 1578 BANISTER 
Hist. Man v. 70 The Arterie being from that deriued, 
which is effunded into the liuer. 1647 H. More Poems 51 
If he his life effund To utmost death. 1719 D’Urrey Pills 
(1872) IIT, 322 Much Blood they effund. 1776 tr. Da Costa’s 
Conchol. 60 Several [kinds of shells].. effund this purple 
juice. 1866 J. Rose tr. Ovia’s Fasti 1. 146 Now doth the 
Idan boy appear Effunding. .nectar rare. 

[as if ad. L. 


+ Effusca‘tion. O%s. rave’. 
*effuscation-em, f. ex out + fusca-re to darken.] 
The action of making obscure; a beclouding. 

1624 Donne Devotions Wks. 1839 III. 497 These eclipses, 
sudden Effuscations and darkening of his Senses, 

+ Effu'se, 56. Obs. rare. [f. the vb.] A pour- 
ing out, effusion. 

1593 SHAKS. 3 Hen. VJ, 1. vi. 28 Much effuse of blood 
doth make me faint. 163: Hreywoop Maid of W.u. u. 
Wks. 1874 II. 369 Such a small effuse of blood. 

Effuse (efiz's), a. [ad. L. effiis-us, pa. pple. of 
effundére to pour: see EFFUND.] 

‘L. Poured out freely; chiefly ¢ransf. and jig. 
wide-spreading, overflowing, unrestrained, extra- 
yagant. Ods. or arch. 

c1s30 H. Ruoves Bh, Nurture in Babees Bk. (1868) 105 
If lyke a chylde, it [laughing] is effuse and wanton. 1650 
Butwer Anthropomet. viii. (1653) 141 A Nation .. whose 
Eares are dilated to so effuse a magnitude, that they cover 
the rest of their bodies with them. 1655 Br. RicHARDSON 
On O. Test. 321 (T.) Wherever the body is, yet the heart of 
fools is in effuse mirth, 1742 Younc V4. 7h, 1x, 1086 No 
wanton waste amidst effuse expence. ‘ 

2. a. Bot. Of an inflorescence : Spreading loosely, 
especially on one side. b. Conch, Having the 
lips separated by a groove. 

1842 JoHNsTON in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club, I. 31 Bulla 
Pectinata, aperture ampullacecus, effuse above. 1879 
Hooker Stud. Flora 388 Juncus glaucus..cymes effuse. 


Effuse (efizz), v. [f. L. effiis- ppl. stem of 
effundére: see EFFUND.] 

1. trans. To pour forth or out (a liquid); +to 
shed (blood) ; in ass. to be extravasated. Also reff. 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 253 That moost precyous 
blode effused & shedde. 1591 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VI, v. iv. 52 
Maiden-blood thus rigorously effus’d Will cry for Ven- 

eance. 1682 Disc. Addr. or Present. agst. Association 7 
ihe Cup out of which they were to effuse Wine. .in Honour 
of the Gods.. broke into pieces. 1725 Popr Odyss. x1x. 633 
My pitying eye.. effus’d a plenteous stream. 1759 Da 
Costa in Phil. Trans. LI. 33 The marble finely powdered, 
and aqua fortis effused over it, the marble particles were 
nigh destroyed. 1804 ABERNETHY Surg. Observ. 174 A little 

was supposed to be effused upon the dura mater. 
1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. af Lymph is effused from 
the wound in the vessel. 1859 HawrtHorNne /%. & Jt. Frvls. 
II. 287 The same gentle shower .. had been effusing itself 
all the morning. ; 

2. transf. a. To pour out, shed, send forth (air, 
heat, light, odours, etc.). 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v1. xx. (1495) 208 In somer 
kynde heete drawyth oute..and is effusyd..and departed 
and is lesse in the body wythin. 1758 Rota Idler No. 3 
? 4 The sun, by shining too long, will effuse all its light. 
1821 New Monthly Mag.\. 291 The scented pulvilio, which 
the untwisted hairs reproachfully effused, ped J. Witson 
Chr. North (1857) 1. 259 From his disc .. is eftused now a 
gentle crimson light. 

b. poet. nonce-uses of pa. pple, By Thomson, 
of the horse: Rushing unchecked (cf. L. effiszs 
habenis and Errusep 7/. a.). By Cowper, of a 
crowd: Poured forth. 

1727 ‘THOMSON Summer 509 The horse .. o’er the field 
effus'd Darts on the gloomy flood. 179: Cowper Odyss. 
vit. 632 From the horse effused the Greeks Left their capa- 
cious ambush, 

3. fig. Also absol. 

1633 T. Avams xf. 2 Peter ii. 1, God must infuse, before 
we effuse. 1652 Bentowes 7%eofh. 1. xcv, Good words 
effus’d Thou dost me give. c17s0 SHENSTONE Elegy i. 22 
’Twas his fond heart effus’d the melting theme. 1813 H. 
& J. Smitn Re. Addr, 58 Professions lavishly effused and 

imoniously verified. 1830 Gat Laurie T. m. viii, 

trea) 110 A palpable tranquillity had been effused abroad, 
4. Phys. To throw off (a branch). 

1578 Banister Hist. Man vu. 96 After that these Arteries 


EFFUSED. 


haue effused forth these braunches to the palate .. they rise 


*, into the a (chia zd), ppl. a, [f. EPPUSE v. + -ED.] 


1. Poured out, shed ; also (of blood, etc. within 
the system) extravasated, 

x6ax G, Sanpys Ovid's Met, m1. (1626) 59 Thy Mother, 
and her sisters shall imbrue Their furious hands in thy 
effused bloud. 1845 G. Day tr, Simon's Anim, Chem. 1. 315 
Blood-corpuscles being found in the effused fluid. 

2. Stretched at length, with limbs relaxed. 
[ef. L. effusus.) 

1870 Swinsurne Ess. §& Stud, (1875) 323 The goddess 
languid and effused like a broad-blown flower. 

Hesice Effa'sedly adv. rare—', in an overflow- 
ing manner, unrestrainedly. 

1594 2nd Report Faustus in Thoms’ Prose Rom. 111. 331 
Therewith ore effusedly vanished away, 

Effusion (efizzan). Also 4 effuscion, 5-6 
effucion. [ad. (directly or through Fr. effuszon, 
14th c, in Littré) L. effiision-em, n. of action f. 
caer see EFFUND.] 

. A pouring out, a spilling (of liquid) ; + shed- 
ding (of tears). Zffusion of blood: bloodshed, 
slaughter ; also in general sense, the pouring out 
of blood by a wound, etc. (and see I e). 

c14.. Tundale's Vis., Circumcision 8 Cryst in his man- 
hode Sched his blode by effusyon. c¢ Gesta Rom, xl. 
164 (Harl. MS.) In holy writte Effucion of bloode is not elles 
but trespas in synnyng. 1526 TinpALE Heédr. ix. 22 With 


out effusion of bloud is no remission. 1 Suaxs. Yohn 
v. 1. 49 This effusion of such manly drops .. Startles 
mine eyes, 


effusions and funerall libaments. 1660 Jer. Tavtor Worthy 
Commun, i. § 4. 76 By breaking bread and effusion of wine. 
1660 Jer. Taytor Duct, Dudit. u, iii. 19 For the danger of 
effusion of the holy wine, they in some places chose that 
expedient. 1767 Goocn Treat. Wounds I. 162 The effusion 
of blood... may bring the patient's life into danger. 1850 
MerivaLce Rom. Emp. (1865) I. i. 9 Every new conquest 
required a fresh effusion from her veins. 1867 Sir J. Her- 
scHeL Fam. Lect. Sc. 43 The effusion of lava, 

concr, 1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. m. i. 30 Thine owne 
bowels..the meere effusion of thy proper loines. 1734 tr. 
Rollin'’s Anc. Hist. (1827) VII. xvu. iv. 149 Shed a con- 
stant effusion of wine. 

“| Used for AFFUSION. 

1687 G. Towerson Baptism 54 To baptize by a bare Effu- 
sion, or sprinkling of water. 1726 Ayuirre Parerg. 103 
Baptism. .may be performed. .by Effusion or Sprinkling. 

+b. Effusion of spirits (see ANIMAL SPIRITS) : 
supposed to be the cause of fainting. Ods. 

165r Sir H. Wotton in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. 340 III. 255 
note, On a sudden effusion of spirits, he sunk under the 
table. 1656 Ripctey Pract. Physic 15 A wound of the 
brain, and from thence an effusion or troubling of the 
spirits. : 

+e. A copious emission of smoke, ‘ effluvia’ 
(see EFFLuviuM), etc. Also concr. Obs. 

11477 Norton Ord. Alch. in Ashm. vii. (1652) 104 Magnetia 
is Fier of Effusion, 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 58 Besides 
the Magnetical One of the Earth, several Effusions there 
may be from divers other Bodies. 1667 Mitton P. LZ, vi. 
766 From about him fierce Effusion rowld Of smoak. 

d. Physics. (See quot.) 

1850 T. Granam Chem. (ed. 2) I. 78 Effusion of gases .. 
by which I express their passage into a vacuum by a small 
aperture in a thin pa 

e. Pathol. The escape of any fluid out of its 
natural vessel, and its lodgment elsewhere ; ‘the 
separation of fluid from the vessels in a morbid 
state of the parts’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1732 ArsutHnot Rules of Diet 364 The Effusions.. of 
any .. Blood upon the Ventricles of the Brain, 1813 J. 
Tuomson Lect. Inflam. 122 The effect of inflammation 
termed effusion. 1 Kane Arct. Expl, 1. xix. 232 The 
"Bran of my limbs was due to dropsical effusion. 


1603 Hotitanp Plutarch’s Morals 1295 The 


2. transf. and fig. +a. Of persons: Dispersion, 
rout. Also foet. of things : Confused downfall. 

?a1400 Chester Pi. (Shaks. Soc.) 92 Godes 
put to effuscion, 1725 Pork Odyss. xxi. 99 
effusion roll, Th’ untasted viands. 

+b. ‘Bounteous donation’ (J.). Ods. 

1514 Pace in Fiddes Wolsey Il. 203 He doithe seke 
nothynge but favors, and procurithe the same bi effusion off 
mony. 1614 Raveicu Hist. Worldw.v.§ 3 a sped 
so well by large effusion of his treasure, AMMOND 
Fundamentals 68 The great force that the gospel .. had .. 


le were 
n mix’d 


upon men’s souls, melting them into that li effusion of 
all that they had. ‘ 

e. A ‘pouring’ forth of any influence or agency ; 
often of the Holy Ghost. 


15sso CrowLey /nform. t Petit. 324 You shall not be 
forgotten in the effucion of thys plage. 1658 Baxter Savin, 
Faith § 4. 27 The Promise of Infusion and Effusion [/ wid/ 
pour out my Spirit to you). 1741 tr, Cicero's Nat. Gods 1. 
28 The World, with an un Effusion of its [Reason’s] 
Spirit, is God. 1879 Farrar S¢, Paul (1883) 66 The fulfil- 
ment of Christ's promise in the effusion of. is Spirit. 

8. fig. A pouring forth, unrestrained utterance 
(of words, sounds, etc.) ; frank and eager expres- 
sion (of emotions). 

Hammonp On Ps, Pref, 4 It was a new fae of 
Christ's effusion. 1778 Rosertson Hist. Amer. I, 11, 108 
The effusion of joy was general. c 1812 Jane AusTEN Sense 
& Sens., An involuntary confidence, an irrepressible effusion 
toa a friend. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 606 
William talked to them [Dykvelt and Witsen] with .. an 
effusion of heart, which seldom appeared in his conversa- 
tions with Englishmen. 1870 Swinpurne Ess. & Stud. 
as se The other’s [song].. warmer in effusion of 
soun 


56 


b. abstr. Effusiveness, enthusiastic demeanour. 
(Se hg ii. 61 Talki 
Sa aly wson Alp, Ascents 1 Talking cheerily, 


Woodst. i, Here ended this wild 
effusion. 1839 Tuirtwat Greece I. 247 The extem 
raneous effusions .. of a Phemius and a Demodocus. 

H. Rocers Orig. Bible viii. (1875) 346 That book. .was 
effusion of one master mind. . 

Hence Effu‘sionist, a writer of ‘ effusions’. 

1842 Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 449 All great novelists .. were 
men of genius learning. The popular monthly effu- 
sionists nowadays are neither. 

Effusive (efisiv), a. [f. L. effis- (see EFFusE 
a.) + -IVE as if ad. L. effiisivus.] 

+1. That proceeds from a pouring out. Ods. 


1725 Pore Odyss. xxi. 490 The floor Wash’d with th’ 
effusive wave. x E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 1. um. 1781 
With fine films. .Of oil effusive lull the waves to sleep. 


2. Of emotions, affections, etc.: Overflowing, 
irrepressible; in mod. use, demonstratively ex- 
pressed. 

1662 H. More Enthus. Tri., Scholia (1712) 52 The inno- 
cence of his private Life, and his most effusive Charity and 
Humanity. 1863 Gro. Exrior Romola in Cornh. Mag. 
VII. 304 Tito could only be saved from alienation by..a 
recovery of her effusive tenderness. 

8. That expresses feeling demonstratively. 

1863 Mas. OuirHant Salem Ch. xxi. 12 A very effusive 
hymn .. an utterance of unmitigated thanksgiving. gr 4 
BecCantey Own Times 1. 358 Peel..was not effusive ; he 
did not pour out his emotions. | ae 

4. That has the function of giving outlet to 
emotion. vare. 

1855 Bain Senses § Int, 11. iv. § 27 (1864) 622 The purely 
effusive arts, such as music or the dance. x 

Hence Effu'sively adv., in an effusive manner. 
Effu'siveness, the quality of being effusive. 

1870 Daily News pried 3 You came upon .. who 

iggled and talked effusively by the wayside. 1877 H. 

AGE De Quincy |. iii. 46 The enthusiastic effusiveness of 
these lines. 1880 Mrs. Forrester Roy § Viola I. 40 
Netta embraced her effusively. 1879 Farrar St. Paul 
(1883) 529 None of the tender effusiveness and earnest praise 
which we have been hearing. 

Effutia‘tion. nonce-wd. [f. L. effuti-re to prate 
+-ATION.] Twaddle, balderdash. 

1823 J. Lacy [G. Darley] in Lond. Mag, VIII. 648 The 
plotlessness, still-life, puling effutiation. .of modern pla: 

+ Efise, v. Obs. rare—'. [Corruptly ad. Fr. of. 
gu-er = OBFUSCATE.] ¢rans. To obfuscate, im. 

1656 Sheph. Kal. viii, Wrath efisceth and leeseth [Fr. 
ofusque et pert) the eye of reason. 

|| Efreet (e‘frzt). Another form of AFREET. 

1841 Lane Arad, Nes. I, 8 Come down, and fear not this 
Efreet. 1862 Farrnott Up Nile 133 The lady .. asserted 
that the father was an efreet or evil spirit, 

Eft (cft), 54.1 Forms: 1 efeta, -e, 2-4 euete, 
2-7 evete, 4 auete, 4-6 ewt(e, (5 eefte, 6 ewft, 
euit), 6-8 euet, (8 eff, 9 dial. effet, evvet), 7— eft. 
See also Newr. [OE. efe¢a, of unknown origin. 
The form Newt (a newt corruptly for an ewt) is 
more frequent in literary use, and in some dialects 
has superseded the older form.] 

A small lizard or lizard-like animal. Now (like 
Newt) chiefly applied to the Greater Water-Newt 
(Triton cristatus) and to the Smooth Newt (Zo- 
phinus punctatus), of the order Salamandridx, 

c1000 AEirric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 122 Lacerta uel 
stilio, efete. axzoo Voc, ibid. 321 Lacert. @ 1200 
Moral Ode 273 in Cott. Hom, 177 Peor naddren and 
snaken, eueten and frude. 1300 A. Adis. 6126 Evetis, 

snak es » 1388 Wrciir Prov. xxx. 
ith with hondis, and dwelleth in the 
housis of kingis. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xu. xxix. 
(Tollem. MS.), Venimouse bestes and auetes [1535 lisardes). 
cx1g00 Maunpev. v. 61 In_ that Abbeye ne entrethe 
not no Flye ne Todes ne Ewtes. 1480 Caxton Descr. 
Brit. 48 es that doon none harme. 1572 BossrweLi 
Armorie u. 52, [The Cameleon} te dnd like to y* Ewte in 
the bodye. 1g80 Lyty Zuphues (Arb.) aus All that 
breede in the mudde are not Euets. 1613 W. Browne 
Brit. Past. 1. ii, May never euet, nor the toade, Within thy 
banks make their abode. 1679 Pior Staffordsh. (1686) 251 
Animals somewhat like Evets or Newts. 2750 W. Ettis 
Mod. Husbandman i. ii. 79 (E. D.S.) BG, an eft. 
Cuurcuitt, Proph, Fam. Bouma I. _rxa In quest of 9 
Efts strove in vain to crawl. 31800 Hurpis Favorite Vill, 
153 Wriggles the viper and the basking eft. Parisu 
Shassex Co ., Effet, a newt or eft. 1876 A. B. Bucktey 
Short Hist. Nat. Sc. xxiv. 201 Aquatic salamanders, which 
resemble our newts or 1878 Besant & Rice Celia’s 
Arbour 1. xiv. 195 We used to hunt as boys for .. the little 
evvet, the alligator of Great Britain. 

+ Eft, 53.2 Obs. rare. be obscure origin ; cf. 
OE. wfest, xfst, malice, which freq. occurs in con- 
nexion with #/0.] ? Malice. 

c1325 Metr. Hom. Ho" havis eft and nithe At me for 
the ferlikes that I ki Jbid. 125 Eft and nythe and 


felonny. 
+ Batt, a. Obs. rare, In 6 superl. eftest. 


EFTSOON. 


[? A blunder ascribed to 3 but it is not 
clear what word is alluded to.] ? Ready, con- 
venient. . 

1599 Suaks. Much Ado w. ii. 38 Yea, marry, that’s the 
eftest way. 


+ Eft (eft), adv. Obs. or arch. Also 3-5 efte, 
(3 heft, orn. eft = OS., OF ris. eft, 
ON. efptir, eftir, eft: ‘eut. *aftiz adv. compar. 
deg., f. stem ok see Art. Cf. OE. /eng, compar. 
deg. of Jang, Lone adv, 

1. A second time, 

e825 Vesp. Psalter 20 Of neolnisse eordan eft du 
alades Etrric Gen. 


borenn efft. cx20g Lay. 1 
[c1275 heft] king. a1300 Cursor M. 
and eft. 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 105 Onti 
eft he turned ouer pe se. ©1386 M 
Eft were his lettres stolen everichon. ¢ 1420 Padlad. on 
usb. xu. 267 Again the goode [chestnuts] under be 
do, and tried efte and thries preve hem so. 1589 ¥ 
HAM Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 160 Many a word ne shall eft 
arise. Wa kincton Off. G. 145 Hee .. vanished 


eft wey: : 
b. Eft and eft: again and again. Eft... eft: 
first... then. 

1393 Lanot. P. Pi. C. xv. 145 3if hym eft and eft euere at 
his neede. ¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb, 1, 416 And as it drieth, 
efte and efte it dight. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. 
clxxviii. 1108 Eft at one side and eft a tother. 

2. Indicating sequence or transition in discourse : 
Again, moreover, likewise. 

cx1o0o Ags. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 19 Eft [cggo ey eft 
sona] ic eow secze. c1175 Lamb. Hom, 107 Ne eft ne 
mei on his welan .. modegian. Pe cdr sieeve 133 Yet eft ber 
is a stape huerinne is be uolle fection of pise uirtue. 
1432-50 tr. Higden (1865) I. 327 Meny ny3tes in pe somer.. 
pe sonne gob nou3t doun..and eft as many dayes sy 
wynter .. the sonne arisep nou3t. 1533 Act 25 Hen. V///, 
c. 13 § 12 It is efte declared by rh es that, etc. 
1651 Gataker Ridley in Fuller Abel Rediv. 195 It wasing 
God eft ..to imprint in the face .. a living portraiture 
those endowments. 

3. Afterwards. 

O. E. Chron. an. 685 (Parker MS.) [sc. Mul] mon eft 
on Cent forbzrnde. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 85 Sume men 
leden erest iuel liflode, and turnen eft to god. c1325 £.£. 
Allit. P. A. 332 He hit schal efte with tenez tyne. 2430 
Lyne. Chron. Troy \. vii, First with right make our 
strong; And efte our force manly for to shewe, Of knyghtes 
chose taken out a fewe, 1528 More Heresyes ww. 

269/2 Dauid fell .. fyrst in aduoutrie & eft in manslaughter. 
arssg Cavitt in Mir. Mag. (1563) B2b, Whom fortune 
brought to boote and efte to bale. 

b. with never, if ever. 

c1175 Lamb. Hom, 49 He ualled in to helle pine per 
neuer eft ne cu of bote. c12a30 Hali Meid. 11 Beo ha 
ed ha neauer eft. 


ho! 
” (xi.] 99 Neuir syne eft. 
4. Comb. eft-sithe v. (in 2 ¢ftsidian) to return ; 


Also Errsoon(s. 

cx175 Lamb, Hom. yo Pet ure saule moten eft-sidian to 
him. 1300 Cursor M. 1901 Noe .. sent pe dofe eftsith. 
a 147, EArt Surrey Anetd uu. 588 Which way eft-sithes 
2% romache alone Resorted to the parents of her make. 
1875 Whitby Gloss. (E. D. S.), Eftsith, often. 

+ Eft-, obs, Sc. form of Art (see AFT #3 only 
in eft castle, eft ship, the after part of a ship, 
the poop: cf. ArTER a., and FoRECASTLE, 

1513 Dovctas 4neis m. viii. 26 Furth of his eft schip a 
bekyn gart he stent. did. v, iii. 58 The patrouns in eft 
castellis, fresche and gay, Stude. 

Eften, app. spurious f. Err adv., after OFTEN. 

1623 CockeraM 1, A. Pb, me fo 

x, efter-, obs. Sc. var. AFTER, AFTER-. 
+E-fter-char. Os. rare. [f. efter, var. of 
Arter + Coan :—OE, cerr, Peg aturn.) Return. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 21922 He sal find pan nan efter-char. 

Efters, early misreading for Estres. 

1532 Rom, Rose iv. 61 in Chaucer's Wks. (ed. Th ), It 
was not left Till I had all the garden been In efters 


(ed. Bell-Skeat \.1448 estres] that men might seene. 1715 
Lee Efters, Walks, Galleries, Entries, Hedges. me 
1800 in BaAtLey. 


+ E-ftersoons, adv. Ols. Also 1 efter s6na, 


3-4 eftir-, -tur-, -son(e, -sons. [f. OE. ¢fter, var. 
of efter, Arrer + Soon, with advbl. -s, Cf. Err- 


pea a. hoe: b. Soon after, presently. 

¢ indisf. . Mark x. 1 Gesomnadon efter sona 
sree cat eee lero oe 
wee ahs pry ppp lg 
sons ettlyt on Achilles. 

Efther, efther-, dial. f, ArreR, AFTER-. 

+ Eftsoo'n, -soons, adv, Obs. or arch. 
Forms: 1 efts6éna, 3-5 eft-, efsone, 4-7 eft(e)- 
soone, (6 eft sonne), 3-6 eft(e)sons, -nes, -nis, 

aftsounes, 6 eftsens, 7 


Err adv. + Soon ; in es) after 


EFULCRATE, 
1. A second time, again. 


cx000 Ags. Gos. Mark x. 1 Pa comon eft menizu to him 
and .. he hi larde eft sona, ¢1300 St. Brandan 231 Gret 
travayl 30u is to come er 3e eftsone lond i-seo. cx1400 
Mavunpev. v. 51 The Sarazines countrefeten it [Bawme] be 
sotyltee of Craft .. the Apotecaries countrefeten it eftsones. 
¢c Pecock Repr. 540 It is no nede forto write the same 

of resoun eftsoone here. 1576 LamBarpe Peramid, 
Kent (1826) 303 It therefore needeth not now eftsoones to be 
rel 1637 R. Asuey tr. Malvezzi’s David Perse- 
cuted 166 Those other are seldom delivered out of their 
dangers but they returne eftsoones to their misdoings. 
b. quasi-adj. with vbl. sb. 

17x [see 3]. 16xx Gotcr., /teration .. repetition .. eft- 
soones-doing. Sct leaeen 

2. Indicating sequence or transition in discourse ; 
Again, moreover, likewise. 

[see Err adv. 2]. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 133 Eft-sone 
les word is icleped sed. cxz00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 7 Eft- 
sone ure helendes on tocume pincd dieliche and grisliche 
all manne. ¢1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 2417 So watz Adam in 
erde with one bygyled. +& Samson eft sonez. ¢1400 Destr. 
Troy 2478 Then Elinus, eftesones, he drest hym to say. 
160r Hottanp Pliny II. 217 Vnlesse the party do eat some 
lick before, and eftsoones in the gathering [of the white 
Ellebore} sup off some wine. .it wil..offend the head. 

3. Afterwards, soon afterwards. (The notion of 
‘soon’, though app. implied in the etymology, is 
not distinctly evidenced in early examples, and 
down to 17th c. is sometimes absent ; but in mod, 
archaistic use the sense is commonly ‘ forthwith, 
immediately’) 

1297 R. Giouc. Chron. (1724) 397 Anoper gret mayster he 
slou, & efsone be prydde. 1 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 
81 Hacon .. praied him 3it eftsonne To com tille Inglond. 
14.. EZ. £, Misc, (1855) 78 Eft sone set hit one the fyre to 
hit boyle. 1530-1 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 12 If he do not 
accomplishe the order .. to be eftsones taken and whipped. 
1571 Act 13 Eliz.c. 12 If any Person Ecclesiastical shall not 
reuoke his errour, or after such reuocation eftsoones affirms 
such untrue doctrine .. such eftsoones affirming shalbe iust 
cause to deprive such person, etc. 1598 Ord. Prayer in 
Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 680 Those disloyal defections 
in Ireland .. turned eftsoons into violent commotions. 1608 
Suaks. Per. v. i. 256 Toward Ephesus Turn our blown 
sails; eftsoons I'll tell thee why, 16x10 Hoxtanp tr. Caze- 
den’s Brit.1.558 Henry the fourth Earle, efts-once honorably 
employed. 1748 THomson Cast. /ndol. 1. xxix, Not one 
eftsoons in view was to be found. @1764 Lioyp Progr. Envy 
Wks. 714 I. 136 She wav'd it round: Eftsoons there did 
appear Spirits and witches. a@ 1856 Loner. Hlected Knight 
vii, Sir Oluf questioned the knight eftsoon, 1871 Sunday 
Mag. 118 They eftsoons fell down, as men very nigh dead. 

4. From time to time, occasionally, repeatedly. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xvu. cxliii. (1495) 700 They 
[wylowes] mowe efte sones be shred and paryd without a 
ladder. 1540 Raynatp Byrth Man. (1614) 153 Infirmities, 
which eft-soones happen to Infants in their infancy. 1605 
Campen Rem. (1636) 81 Maugre, a name eftsoones vsed in 
the worshipfull family of Vavasors, Malgerius, in old his- 
tories. 1609 HoLtanp Livy 1x. xxxiii, 338 He eftsoons 
(tdentidem] rehearsed and reiterated the law A®mylia. 
1632 SHERWOOD, Eftsoone, souvent. 1720 Stow's Surv. (ed. 
Strype 1754) I. 1. vi. 31/2 Both these do happen eftsoons. 

5. Eftsoons as: as soon as. 

c1588 in Ridley’s Wks. (1841) 256 Dr. Ridley. .eftsoons as 
he had heard the cardinal named .. put on his cap. c1sss 
Latimer Serm. § Rem. (1845) 278 The other prisoner .. eft- 
soons as he was placed, said to the lords. - 

+ Eft-white, v. Oss.—' [?£. Err adv. + white, 
var. of guzte, QuIT.] trans. (absol.) To repay. 

c1469 Towneley Myst. 106 A fatt shep I dar say A good 
flese dar I lay, Eft whyte when I may, Bot this wille I borow. 


Efulcrate (/folkrét), a. Bot. [f. E- pref3+ 
L. fulcr-um+-atTE.] ‘Said of buds from below 
which the customary leaf has fallen’ (7veas. Bot.). 
Cf. FULCRATE. 

Egad (tgzd), zz¢. Also 7 igad, 8 egod. [prob. 
representing earlier 4 God! from a interjection: 
but in later'times perhaps associated with assevera- 
tions, like z’/azth, or possibly with 6y God: cf.AGan, 
Apap, ApopD, Econ, etc.] Used as a softened oath. 

1673 [R. Leicu] Transp. Reh. 4 Which is very civil I gad. 
1751 Smottett Per. Pic. (1779) 11. Ixxxv. 323 An exclam- 
ation of ‘ Humbugged aead: (i) x79 *G, GamBapo’ Ann, 
Horsem. xviii. (1809) 140 Egod, off we set, and never stopt 
till I got to the bottom. 1823 Byron /sland u. xxi, Egad ! 
she seem’d a wicked-looking craft. 1868-9 Miss Brappon 
Charlotte's Inher. w. ii. 93 Yes, egad, and such a fortune 
as few girls drop into now-a-days. 2 

+ Ega‘gropile. Ods. [a. Fr. égagropile f. Gr. 
atyaypo-s wild goat + midos felted hair.] See quot. 

r8rz W. Watton Peruvian Sheep 97 The egagropiles, or 
hairballs, taken from the inside of horned cattle. did. 99 
In the Llama they [concretions] rather become egagropiles. 

Ega‘lity. Os. [ME. egalite, a. F. égalité: see 
EGALL a, and -rry.] = Equa.iry (in 14th c. with 
sense ‘ equanimity ’). 

(Re-formed as a nonce-wd. by Tennyson, to convey the 
modern associations connected with the Fr, word.) 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, u. iy. 42 Al fortune is blisful to a 
man iy pe agreablete or by be egalite of hym pat suffrep it. 
€1386 — Pers. T. » 875 She is as thise martirs in egalitee. 
1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 170a, A rent may be granted for 
egality of partition. 1864 Tennyson Ay/mer'’s F, 265 That 
Gareed France with her egalities ! 

So Egalitarian a. nonce-wd. [after F. égali- 
taive; see -ARY and -AN.], that asserts the equality 
of mankind. 

1885 G. Murray Under Lens II, 103 Will not hear of the 
egalitarian doctrine. 

Vou. III. 


57 


+ Evgall, cz. Ovs. Also 5-6 egalle, 6 eguall, 
6 egal. [a. OF. egal (esgal, iga/, mod.F. égal) :— 
L. egualem EQuau.] = Equau. Also quasi-sé, 

¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus m1. 88 To have right as you list 
comfort, Under your yerde egall to mine offence. c1450 
Crt. of Love 1041 Thy birth and hers they be nothing 
egall. 1553 T. Witson Rhetorigue 109 Eguall members 

{of a sentence] are such, when, etc. 1555 /vstit. Gentleman 
D, Makyng those their egalles whyche ought to be their 
inferiors. 1588 SHaxs. 77¢. A. 1v. iv. 4 An Emperour. .Con- 
fronted thus, and for the extent Of egall [#% 2. 3. 4 equal] 
iustice, vs'd in such contempt? 1594 West Sysdol nu. 
Chancerie § 28 Ministers of Justice. .frame their judgments 
after the square and rule of good and egall. 1596 Suaxs. 
Merch, V.iu. iv. 13 Companions Whose soules doe beare an 
egal [Q. equal] coke of loue. 

Hence +Evgally adv., equally, evenly; with 
even judgement or temper; E’galness, equality. 

¢ 1374 CHaAuceR Boeth. u. iv. 43 Wip hem pat every for- 
tune receyuen agreablely or egaly. cx1450 Crt. of Love 
365 Egally to discerne Betwene the lady and thine ability. 
1526 TINDALE 2 Cor. viii. 14 That ther be egalnes now at 
this tyme, that youre aboundaunce sucker their lacke. 156 
Norton Gorboduc (1590) 1. ii. And such an egalnes hath 
nature made Betweene the brethren of one fathers seede. 
1594 Suaks. Rich, ///, m. vii. 213 Your tendernes..to your 
Kindred And egally indeede to all Estates, 1621 Botton 
Stat. Irel. 157 (28 Hen. VIII.) The other part thereof egally 
to be devided amongst them. 

+Evgall, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec.; cf. Fr. égaler.] 
trans, To equal, be equal to. 

1gs9r Lopce Catharos Eivb, The surplusage should not 
egall the principal. : 

+ Egar, v. Obs. rare. [ad. F. égarer to mis- 
lead, and refi. to stray.] trans. To put aside, 
dispense with; z¢v. To stray, wander. Hence 
Ega‘rring v0/. sd. 

1544 St. Papers Hen, VIII, I. 765 Item, to know the 
Kinges Majestes pleasur .. for egarring of certeyn fotemen. 
1584 SouTHERNE Pandora 3 But if I will thus like Pindar, 
In many discourses Egar. 

+ Egede, «. Ods. [Of unknown etymology, but 
app. related to agede, xgede (? folly), which occurs 
in the Ormulum.] Foolish. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 282 Hwu egede ping is horel. c 1230 
Hali Meid. 39 Pah hit be egede sahe; hit ah meiden to 
eggi be swidre per framward. 

5 3 nahn ta v. Obs. rare—'. [f. late L. 
égelidat- ppl. stem of égelidare to thaw, f. ¢ out + 
gelid-us frozen.] ¢rvans. To render fluid (what is 
congealed). 

1609 J. Davies Holy Roode 20 Then should my teares 
egelidate his gore. A : 

"gence. vare. [as if ad. L. *egentia, f. egent- 
em, pr. pple. of egére to be in need.] Need, the 
existence of needs. 

1865 J. Grote Moral /deas ii, (1876) 31 Egence is the 
life of the universe. 

+Evgency. és. [f. as prec.: see -ENCY.] 
Neediness, poverty. 

1600 TourneuR Transf. Met. xviii, So plac’d, hir ground 
might feed hir egencie. 

+ Ege‘ne, a. Ods. rare—1. [ad. L. egénus, f. 
egere: see prec.] Needy, poor. 

1631 R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xiii. § 3. 210 The 
perverse will of man .. must needs it selfe alwayes be 
hungry and lancke, egene and leane. 

+ al Obs. rare—*, [ad. (? through mod.L.) 
Gr. aiyumids.] A kind of vulture. 

Bas J. Flreaxe] Agrifpa’s Occ. Philos. 42 Egepis and 
agles. 
"ger, app. a misreading of Epcrer in R. 
Holme: see EDGER 2. 

1706 Puituirs, Zgers, [country-word], the Spring or first 
blown tulips. 417r5 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 
1864 in WEBSTER}; and in mod. Dicts.] 

Eger, obs. form of Eacsr a., EAGRE. 

Egerminate (/dzs-umineit), v. [ad. L. éger- 
minat- ppl. stem of égermindre, f. 2 out + germin- 
are to sprout.] zztr. Of a plant: To shoot forth. 

1623 CockerAM, Egerminate, to spring or bud out. 1721- 
1800 in Baitey. 1846 in WorcEsTER; and in mod. Dicts. 

Hence Ege:rmina‘tion. 1736 in BarLey, 

+ Evgerne, a. Ods. [of obscure etymology ; cf. 
ON. agiarn]. Greedy. 

c1200 Trin, Coll. Hom. 37 Dis oref is swide egerne, and 
feched his leswe hwile uppen trewes and hwil uppen cliues 
and hwile in pe dales, 

Egest (/dze'st), v. [f. L. agest- ppl. stem of 
égerére, f, € out+ gerére carry.) trans. To pass 
off, expel; esf. from within the body, e.g. by 
evacuation of the bowels, Repantion, etc. 

1607 Torsett Hour. Beasts 65 When one is troubled with 
a desire of going often to the stool, and can egest nothing. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 899 The Beare, the Hedge-h all 
wax Fat when they Sleepe, and egest not. n63x Barn. 
wait Whimzies To Rdr. 11 Il t meat ..to be egested 
long before it come to bee digested. T. Apams Exp. 
2 Peter ii, 13 What [is] rich apparel, which man takes up 
in pride, but that the worm hath egested in scorn? 1685 
Manton Christ’s Transfig. iii. Wks. 1870 I. 362 The grave 
was like a woman ready to be delivered ; it suffered Aces 
till this blessed burden was egested. 1884 Health Exhib. 
Catal. 5 Alcohol. .undergoes no.. change when taken into 
the stomach, but is egested from the lungs and skin. 

|| Egesta (cdze'sta), sd. p/. [L. égesta, neut. pl. 
of agestus, pa. pple. of ggerére: see prec.] Waste 
matters passed off from the body; excreta, 


EGG. 


1787 E. Forp in Med. Commun, II. 128 An exact atten- 
tion to the ingesta and egesta would be conducive to re- 
covery. 1833 J. Rennie A/ph, Angling 36 It feeds .. if we 
may judge from its egesta, upon..slime or moistened clay. 
1862 Str H, Hottanp “ss. Mod. Chem. 448. 

Egestion (/dzestfon). [ad. L. égestion-em, 
noun of action f. ere: see prec.] 

+1. gen. The action of discharging or emptying 
out. In quot. concr. Obs. 

1420 Pallad. on Hush, x1. 449 Now thai condite her 
must egestion [L. primo amne musti spumantis egesto) That 
wol with gipse her wynes medicyne. 

2. Phys. The passing off of excreta from within 
the body ; opposed to zzgestion. 

1670 Ray Proverbs (1768) 8 Why the naming of some Ex- 
crements of the body, or the egestion of them 1s condemned. 
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 32 These natural or 
involuntary exertions of Digestion, Egestion, Circulation. 
1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1V. 459/1 ‘The functions of eges- 
tion are more necessary to the maintainance of life than 
those of ingestion. 1878 Bett tr. Gegenbauer's Comp. 
Anat. 84 The form of which is very varied, and which 
at times contains the orifice of egestion also. 

+b. stec. Evacuation of the bowels. Obs. 

1547 Boorve Brev. Health xv. 12 They do defyle them 
selfe other by uryn, or by egestion, or both at once. 1578 
Banister Hist. Man v.64 The Muscles. .are vnto egestion 
seruiceable. 1608 TopseLL Serpents 756 He which is stung 
by a scorpion ..is.. affected with ..a continual desire to 
egestion, x171r Last Distemp. Tom Whigg 1. 5 Sliced, 
a.. Term in Hawking to signifie Egestion. 

+e. Occasionally used for ‘vomiting’. Obs. 

1633 T, Apams Exf. 2 Peter i. 20 The true history of 
en » his swallowing and egestion by the whale. 1633 Br. 

ALL Hard Texts 383 By luke-warme water..the stomack 
is made apt to egestion. 

d. concr. Excrement, + vomit. 

1607 TorseLt Four-f. Beasts 482 The excrements of his 
[the ox’s] belly and egestion or dung, for the amending and 
enriching of plowed lands. 1609 Br. BArLow Azsw. Navre- 
fess Cath, 100 The ynsauorie egestion of a filthy strong 
stomake. 1610 Barroucu Meth, Physick 1. xvi. (1639) 25 
For the most part their egestions be liquid. 1656 Hosnes 
Six Less. Wks. 1845 VII. 324 To take wing .. like beetles 
from_my egestions. 1671 Satmon Syx. Med. 11. xlvi. 309 
The Egestion, soft, equal, yellow, is well digested. 

+3. The expulsion of a product of digestion, 
secretion, etc., from the organ producing it. Also 
concr. Obs. 

5 Dicsy Nat, Bodies xxxv. (1658) 367 The arteries 
which lie fittest to receive these sudden egestions of blood. 
1696 Puituirs, Egestion, the Expulsion of Meat, digested 
through the Pylorus or gate of the Stomach, to the rest of 
the Intestines, 1715 in Kersey, 1721-1800 in Bartey. 

Egestive (‘dzestiv), a. [f. L. dvest- (see 
EGEST v.) + -IVE.] Pertaining to, or connected 
with, the process of egestion. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig, Man. m. vi. 276 They have the 
digestive, egestive, and other parts of the Nutritive Faculty. 
1835-6 Topp Cyct. Anat. 1. 69/1 Less activity is indicated 
in the egestive than in the ingestive system. 1877 HuxLry 
Anat. Inv. An. i. 50 In the Porifera, the terminal aperture 
of the gastraea becomes the egestive opening of the adult. 

+ Ege:stuo'se, a Obs—° [ad. late L. egestu- 
Osus, irreg. f. egestas poverty.] = EGEstuous. 

1775 Asu, Egestuose, poor, needy. 

+ Ege:stuo'sity. Os. rare. [as if ad. L. *eges- 
tudsitat-em, f. as prec.] Meagreness, poverty. 

1656 BLount Glossogr. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 64. 2/2 
Clothing the Egestuosity of your Matter with pompous 
Epithets, 

+ Ege'stuous, 2. 
Very poor and needy. 

1656 Biount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in BaItry. 1775 in Asu. 

Egg (eg), sd. Forms: a. 1 3, (@i3), 2 ais, 
3-5 ey(e, 4-6 ay(e, 5 3ey; Al. 1 &a(e)ru, 4 
eyer, 3-5 ay-, ei-, eyren(e, 5 eyron, -oun. 
B. 4-7 e8, egge, (5 eeg, ege, hegge), 6- egg. 
[Com. Teut.: OE. 2, pl. #gru (whence the a. 
forms) = OS, ez (MDu., Du. e7), OHG. ez, pl. 
eigir (MHG. ez, mod.G. e, pl. ever), ON. egg, 
Goth. *addjis (Crim.-Goth. 16th c. ada) :—OTeut. 
*ajjoz- neut. The B. forms are from the ON. egg. 

The connexion of the Teut. word with its WAryan 
synonyms, Gr. dv, L. dvum, OSI. gaze, Ir. og, is probable, 
but has not yet been demonstrated.] 

1. The (more or less) spheroidal body produced 
by the female of birds and other animal species, 
and containing the germ of a new individual, 
enclosed within a shell or firm membrane, Add/e, 
Wind egg: see those words. 

ax000 Boeth. Metr. xx. 169 On zxze bid gioleca on mid- 
dan. ¢ 1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 156 Wip bon pe her ne weaxe 
emettan ezru i. a1225 Ancr. R. 66 Kumed be coue 
..& reued hire hire eiren. c1300 X. Adis. 568 A faukon.. 
An ay he laide.. That feol the kyng Phelip nygh. 1377 
Lanot. P. PZ. B. xt. 343 Many other briddes Hudden .. 
her egges.. In mareys. 1382 Wycwir /sa. lix. 5 The eiren 
of edderes thei to-breeken. c1440 Gesta Rom. xxviii. 106 
(Harl. MS.) Anobere birde .. laborithe .. to infecte hir nest 
or hir eyren. 1486 Bk, St. Albans Aija, To speke of 
hawkis fro an eeg to thei be habull to be takene. 1535 
CoverDALE Yo xxxix. 13 The Estrich.. when he hath layed 
his egges vpon the grounde, he bredeth them in the dust. 
1601 ‘Toss Ful. C._u. i. 32 Thinke him as a Ser- 
pents egge. 1657 S. Purcnas Pol. Flying-Ins. 48 Im- 
properly that is an out of the whole whereof a living 
creature is bred, as the eggs of Spiders, Ants, Flies. 1747 
GouLp Eng. Ants 32 A Queen .. ina Box.. willin a few 
Days deposit some Eggs, unless she had laid before you 

8 


Obs.—° [see EGEsTuosE.] 


EGG. 


took her. Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. (1776) 11. The 
brood of [ tles’ pov th gn WAST thay 


b. spec. An egg of a domestic fowl as an article 
of food. 

805-31 Chart. Oswulf in Sweet O. E. Texts zif hit 
Sonne festendzgz sie, selle mon uneze casu and fects and 
butran and zgera. c1o0o Sax. Leechd. 11, 103 Smire mid 
wxges geolcan. cx1o0o Ags. Gosp. Luke xi. 12 Zif he bit 
#3 [c 1160 Hatton aiz) sept pu racd he him scorpionem. 
1297 R. Giouc, Chron. (Rolls) 8334 Vor aney tueie ssillin- 

es wel vawc po hii bo3te. cx1300 K. A/is. 4719 Men to 

eom t e drit and donge, With foule ayren. c 1400 
Maunpev. v. 49 Thidre bryngen Wommen .. here Eyren of 
Hennes, of Gees & of Dokes. c1400 Rowland & O. 222 
The lawes of Cristyante ne are noghte worthe ane aye. 
©1420 Pallad, on Husé. 1. 582 Wol thou .. eyron e thai 
legge? 1490 Caxton Eneydos Prol., What sholde a man 
in thyse dayes now wryte, egges or eyren, certaynly it is 
harde to playse every man. 1530 Profer Dyaloge (1863) 
So is it not worthe a rotten aye. 1 Suaks. 1 Hen. IV, 
u1. i. 64 They are vp already, and for Egges and Butter. 
1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 52 Goose-egges 
are loathing. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinads u. u. 148 Con- 
strain'd to .. keep Lent with Bisket and hard Eggs only. 
1732 Arsutunot Kudes of Diet 25s Eggs are perhaps the,. 
most nourishing .. of all animal Food. _ Mrs. Stowe 
Uncle Tom's C. xv. 137 Give them to this fellow ; he'll put 
them down as if they were eggs, now. 1 Farrar S¢, 
Paul (1883) 46 Was it..worth. .discussion..whether an egg 
laid on a festival might or might not be eaten? 

2. fig. That which contains the germ of any- 
thing ; generally in a bad sense. Also in phrase, 
To crush in the egg. 

1645 Tompes Anthropol. 8 This was the egge out of which 
their contentions were hatched. 1649 G. Daniet 7rinarch. 
Hen, IV, cccxlviii, Soe Power of Warre From the first 
Egge of Libertie, out-Creepes A fatall Serpent. 1689 Afo/. 
Fail. Walker's Acc, 91 The Rebellion. .had not been either 
prevented or crush’d in the Egg. 

b. Applied contemptuously to a young person. 

1605 Suaxs. Macé. 1v. ii. 83 What you Egge? ong fry 
of Treachery. 1835 E. Ertiotr 7aurassdes wv. iv. Wks. 
III. 272 Who would suspect a boy? Who hir’d thee? Egg ! 

3. Applied to anything that resembles an egg 
in shape or appearance. So + 70 turn up the 
eggs (z.e. the whites) of one’s eyes. 

1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 105 The egge or 
figure ouall. 1635 A. Starrorp Fem. Glory (1869) 89 The 
eggs of their eies are at their highest elevation. a 1637 
B. Jonson (R.) A puritan poacht, That used to turn up the 
eggs of his eyes. ax691 Boye (J.) There was taken a 
great glass-bubble with a long neck, such as chemists are 
wont to call a philosophical egg. ; 

4. Phrases: A bad egg (colloq.): a person ora 
scheme that disappoints expectation. + Zgg and 
éird: in youth and maturity, from beginning to 
end, first and last. 70 break the egg in anybody's 
pocket: to spoil his plan. + 70 take eggs for 
money: to be put off with something worthless. 
To have eggs on the spit; to have business in hand. 
To tread upon eggs: to walk warily, as on deli- 
cate ground ; + (70 de) with egg: (to be) ready to 
lay; also is: + To come in with five eggs: to 
break in fussily with an idle story; more fully, 
Five eggs a penny, and four of them addle. 

1542 Upati Erasm. Apoph. 272 Persones comyng in with 
their fiue egges, how that Sylla had geuen ouer his office 
of Dictature, 1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 56 
An other commeth in with his fiue egges. 1598 . 
Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. u. iii, 1 have segs on the spit; 
1 cannot go yet, sir, 1611 Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1. ii. 161 Mine 
honest Friend Will you take Egges for Money? 1670 
G. H. Hist. Cardinak 1. 1, 130 Contented to take Eggs 
(as it were) for their money. 1711 Vind. Sacheverell Aiij, 
I have been such a profligate Liver, Egg, and Bird. 1733 
P. Drake Grotto (title-page), Apollo's. SB otto makes them 
{Witts] all with e; 41734 Nortu Lxam. 324 This very 
circumstance .. broke the egg..in the Pockets of the 
Whigs, a1734 — Ld. Guilford (1808) 1. 245 (D.) This gave 
him occasion ., to find if any slip been made (for he 


all along trod upon eggs). 1747 Goutp Eng. Ants 57 
Very like that of a Female Bee, Wasp, or Queen Ant, 
when not with Egg. 1864 Athenaeum 559/1 ‘A bad egg’, 


..a fellow who had not proved to be as good as his pro- 
mise. 1884 BLack Fud. Shaks, xiii, in Harper's Mag. May 
954/2, | have other eggs on the spit. . 

In many proverbial phrases of obvious mean- 
ing; also, As sure as eggs is eggs; hence, As safe 
as eggs (in same sense). Teach your grandmother 
to suck eggs: said to those who presume to offer 
advice to others who are more experienced. 70 
have all your eggs in one basket: to risk all one’s 
property on a single venture. 


1592 SHaks. Kom, & Ful. it. i. 26 Thy head is as full of 
is full of meat. Brysketr Cr, 


uarrels, as an 
Line 5 Critiques spend their to find a haire 
an egge. 1620 Suecton Quix. III. vii, The Hen lays 


as well w one Egg as many. ax6ro BasincTon Iks. 
(1622) 51 Mio be wonne with the egg and lost with the 
shell, is a great inconstancie, x6x1 Suaxs. Wint. 7.1. 
ii. 130 We are Almost as like as Egges. 1638 CiLtinew, 
Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 160. 117 They are as like rr own, as 
an egge to an egge. a1632 G. Hernert Yacula Prud. 
(640) x He that steals an egg, will steal an ox. 1699 
B. Dict. Cant. Crew, As sure as Eggs be Eggs. x707 
EB age tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 348 You woul 
ve me teach my Grandame to suck Eggs. 1777 SueripaN 
Trip. Scars, iii. iv, As full of -nature as an egg’s full 
of meat. Hucues Yom Brown u. vi, I 


7, come 
out bottom of the form as sure as eggs is eggs. 


3871 M. 


58 


Couns Mrg. § Merch. I11. iv. 114 We've got the Derby 
and Leger next as safe as 
| dy saab ra 
5. In Plant-names: Zggs and Bacon, Eggs and 
Butter, Eggs and Collops; ar names for 
several plants, esp. Linaria is, the Field 


1878 Britren & Hoi. Plant-n., Eggs and Bacon, From 
the two shades of yellow in the flower. x Linaria vul- 
garis, Mill.; 2 Lotus corniculatus, and Butter, 
L Linaria 


6. General comb.: a. attributive, as egg-dal/, 
-basket, -cup, -pie, -sauce,-spoon, -stall, -state, -tongs, 
~yelk or yolk. 

1869 Beeton's Househ. Management 201 *Egg-balls for 
Soups and Made Dishes. 1870 F. Witson Ch Lindisf. 
108 The font ..is of an *egg-cup form. 1869 Beeton’s 
Househ. Management 858 Silver or plated *egg-dishes are 
now very much used. a@1g92 Greene Fr. Bacon (1861) 174 
When *egg-pies grow on apple-trees, then will thy grey mare 
prove a bag-piper. 1634 J. TayLor (Water-P.) ee Eater 

‘ent 12 It is welcome, whether it bee sawsedge or custard 
or egge-pye. c1685 in Dk. Buckhm's Wks. (1705) J1. 48 
She. . neat! ei! dish’d it up with *Egg-sauce. 1828 MacauLay 
Hallam, Ess. (1865) 1. 80/2 Judgments only to be averted 
by salt-fish and —— 1824-9 Lanpor /mag. Conv. 
(1846) I.273 Those who kept *egg-stalls and fish-stalls cursed 
him and removed them. 2741. Goutp Eng. Ants 38 The 
Continuance of Ants in the *Egg State is somewhat pre- 
carious. 1868 Q. Rev, 354 These ‘colifichets’ are made 
principally of the *egg-yell 

b. objective, as egg-eating vbl. sb. and ppl. adj.; 
-hunter, -laying vbl. sb. and ppl. adj., -monger, 
also, egg-beater, -boiler, -detector, -poacher, -tester, 
-timer, appliances and implements used for or in 
beating, boiling, etc., eggs. 

1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 110/2 Patent *Egg Beaters. 
1836 T. Hook G. Gurney I. iii. 85 *Egg-eating and 
| esa are not delicate performances. A. 

EPBURN in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IX. No. 3. 505 The 
egg-eating birds kept the wood pigeon within very mode- 
rate bounds. 1 Kane Arct. Expl. U1. xxvi. 265 Our 
*egg-hunters found it difficult to keep their feet. 175 
Smottetr Per. Pic. (1779) I. lxi. 186 Like a goose in the 
agonies of *egg-laying. 1676 Suapwett Virtuoso i, All 
oviparous or egg-laying creatures. 1884 Health Exhib. 
Catal. 110/2 “eg Poachers, /éid. 25/1 Microscopes, 
*Egg Testers, Lamps, etc. /did. 112/2 An assortment of 
*Egg .. Timers, etc. 

c. similative, as egg-bald, -like, -oblong, -shaped, 
adjs.; egg-fashion adv. 

1877 Tennyson Harold v. i, But If thou [the monk] blurt 
thy curse among our folk..I may give that *egg-bald head 
The tap that silences. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3819/8 Three 
Diamonds .. two of them pretty large cut *Eegg-fashion. 
1599 I. M[ourer] Si/kwormes 18 *Egg-like [marginal gloss 
or oval), 1835-6 Topp Cycl, Anat. I. 742/2 The bones 
of the cranium .. concur in the production of an egg-like 


cavity, 1857 Woop Com. Objects Sea Shore 50 Some of 
them have anything but an oe aspect. 1859 Gro. 
Exior A. Bede 16 A small oval face..with an egg-like line 


of cheek and chin. 1776 WitHerinc Bot, Arrangem. 
(1796) I. 155 Seed single, *egg-oblong. 1766 Baker in 
Phil. Trans. LVI. 186 The seeds *egg-shaped, one or two 
strongly adhering to the calyx. x TOCQUELER Handbk, 
Brit. India (1854) 370 Ceylon is egg shaped. 

7. Special comb.: egg and anchor, egg and 
dart, egg and tongue (mouldings), varieties of 
the Ecuinus, produced by the alternation of ver- 
tical with egg-shaped ornaments: see EcHINUS 3 
and quots. there given; egg-apple, the fruit of 
the Egg-plant (So/anum Melongena); egg-bag, 
(a.) the ovary; (¢.) = ege-case; egg-berry (see 
quot.) ; egg-bird, a species of tern (Hydroche- 
lidon fuliginosum) common in the West Indies, 
where its eggs are collected for use as food; egg- 
binding, the condition or disease of a fowl that is 
egg-bound ; egg-born a., produced from an egg ; 
egg-bound Ppl. a,, said of fowls suffering from 
weakness or disease, so that they are unable to expel 
their eggs; egg-breaker (see quot.) ; egg-case 
(see quot.) ; egg-cell, the cell or germ from which 
an egg ore Dring tele 6 nr ater! 
egg-cheese (see quot.) ; egg-chinned R iis 
?double-chinned, or having an egg-shaped chin; 
egg-cluster = ¢ge-case ; egg-coal, coal broken into 
pieces the size of an egg ; egg-covering, the ex- 
ternal membrane of an insect’s ; egg-dance, 
a dance blindfold among ; fig. an intricate 
and difficult task ; egg-flip = -NOG ; egg-form, 
an ellipse; +egg-fraise, a pancake; + egg-fry, 
zoosperms, semen of the male; cf. Fry; egg- 
full a., as full as an egg is of meat; egg-glass, 
(a.) a glass for holding an egg; (é.) a sand-glass 
in which the running of the sand indicates the 
time during which an egg should be boiled ; egg- 
hole (see quot.); +egg-hot, ‘a hot drink made of 
beer, eggs, sugar, and nutmeg’ (Berks. Gloss. 
E. D.S.); egg-life (see quot.); egg(s)-man, a 
collector of (wild fowls’) eggs; + egg-nest =egg- 
case; t}egg-pea, an old variety of garden pea; 
egg-peg, the sloe; egg-plum, an egg- 
plum, generally of a light yellow colour; egg- 
pop (U.S.),?; egg-posset =ege-flip ; egg-pouch, 


egg-sac=cer-case; egg-Saturday, 
before Shrove Tuesday (Nares); 
kitchen utensil for removing omelets or fried e 
from the pan; egg-spoon, (a.) a spoon use 
eating eggs; (6.) (see quot.) ; +egg-starch a., ?; 
egg-stone = OoLITE; egg-sucker (see quot.); egg- 
Sunday, the Sunday Shrove-Tuesday ; egg- 
trot = ege-wife’s trot; egg-urchin, the 
name of one or more of EcHINUS; egg- 
whisk, an utensil for ing eggs to a froth; 
fecuvit, a woman _ for sale; 
egg-wife’s trot, at which an 

wife would ride to market. Bs = 

1751 CuamBers Cyci. s.v., The 

75% ete oe re ar prt onmrent na of the 


£ 


echinus, eggs 
placed. 1871 Miss Brappon Loveds ye house 
lorified wi 


Nat. Hist. V1. 253 From 


is vu led, the fish’s one one 
Edin, Il. 127 Thus also 
out about their nest or egg-bag. 1878 Brir- 
Heckberry ton Dua Ts ee ts oot 
ecl at AMPIER . (17 + 54 grey 
a bird, yet bigger 


in by *egg-and-dart mouldings. Gotpsm. 
this , © *eaplag, as it 
into 


Fowls no bigger than a Black. lay 

than a Magpy’s ; and they are therefore by Privateers 
called *Egg-birds. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1362 
Upon the were .. some egg s. Bazaar 15 
Feb. 175 My queries as to *egg-binding..my hen bud- 
gerigar *egg- a Drayton Elegies Lady 
Aston's Departure, Leda’s brood, Jove’s *egg- issue 
smile upon the flood! 1 Forster in Phil Trans. 


772 
LXII. 422 A sort of Gull, called *Egg-breakers, the 
natives. 1847 CarrenTER Zoo/. 255 the females stan 


lay their eggs in these tubes; in them in a silken 
cocoon, or “egg-case, which carry about with them 
when they go to hunt. 1880 TER Degen. 20 A 


1784-1815 A. Younc Ann, Agric. 
oy can ieocdnal .) Farmers —— cheeses 
y puttii ive eggs to every pow: curd. 
B, Conon Stale N. 1. i, My *egg-chin'd laureate 
chister. shay Woon Com. Objecto Siee Shore ge Tax eat 
cluster. 1857 Woop Com. Objects Sea 52 ro 
cluster from which the sketch was taken. 188 Rate 
Mining Gloss. *Egg -Coal, Pennsylvania. 1 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. 1. 270/1 The g-.swim about..the instant 
that they are Eberated om the *egg-coverings. 1801 
Srrutt Sforts & Past. mu. v. 172 The be -. Was 
common enough about thirty years back. 3 Society 18 
Nov. 29/2 The slip is very excusable, for it is an egg-dance. 
1871 Narntys Prev. & Cure Dis. u. iii. 487 Some con- 
d liquid nourish as a few ful of cee 
flip or beef-tea. xggx Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. 1. Def., It 
is lyke a circle that were brused ..whiche forme Geome- 
triclans dooe an *egge forme. Ww. 
Phraseol. Gen. 323 An "ogn-Galne, 
_-. ye Ae oth ».£ corang Some, the. Sages ae 
tread, the Harvey-antang, or contagion egg: 
(048 gam | am Seg -full of i 
(1848) am *egg-fu ie. 
Soc. Aims, Culture Wks. (Bohn) III. 227 No more a 
measure of time 


OLL, 
1859 All Y. Round 


the 
Ege-pes Bushes, 

o. 

*egg-plum. 1860 O. 


rock is called oolite, or *egg-stone. ¢ 
in Cire. Se. 1. /ntrod, Disc. 22 A bird 
*Egg-sucker, which chiefly fe 
nests. 
11 —C 


or ly feeds 
is Emsteton in Proc. Berw, 
No. st E Sphere ‘Ommon Reg Ue 


aa Urchin. ‘ . 

CH eA eee aw eding “quote nee? 

Egg (cg), 7-1 [a. ON. egeja (Da. egge), = 
Epce v.1 gett. 


1, “vans, To incite, e, urge on; to pro- 
yoke, tempt. Cf. Enery.1 “Const til), to, unto 
(an action, en! etc.). Obs, exc, as in 2, 


. 


eat the e but sell them to an ‘eggler’, 
Oxford Chose, 


EGG. 


c1200 Trix Coll. Hom. 195 Alse be deuel him to eggede. 
e1230 Hali Meid. 3, & egg > to brudlac. 1330 R. 
Brunne Chron. (1810) 2 e pe clergi of Scotland egged per 
kyng Jon. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 1130 He sent enuiously 
to bemperour and ed him swipe bi a certayne day 
bataile toa bide. c1386 Cuaucer Pers. 7. P 89 Pei pat 
eggen or consenten to pe sinne bien partiners o! ye sinne. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 136 Eggyn, or entycyn to doon well 
or yvele [P. eggen, or styre to gode or yll], zxcito, pro- 
voco. 1508 Barctay Shyp of Folys 141b, He shall’ haue 
frendes and felawys at honde, To egge him forwarde vnto 
vohappynes. 1513 Douctas ners v. viii. 17 Thai foyne 
at vthir, and eggis to bargane. 1 Foxe A. § A. 
(1596) 299/1 Especiallie being cage .. by his brethren 
tlie it to stomach. @ 3593 H. Smit Wks. (1866-7) I. 
379 A man which sharpens his enemy with taunts, when he 
would egg him to fig t. 1598 GRENEWEY Tacitus’ Ann. 
1. xi. (1622) 21 The like occasion egged him to the like 
cruelty against Semp. Gracchus. 1665 Mantey Grotius’ 
Low-C. Warrs 93 ‘Their suspicions egged them to cruelty. 

2. with ov. Const. Zo, etc. 

1566 Drant Horace’ Sat. v. Db, Ile egge them on to 
— some thyng, whiche spoken may repent them. 1594 

REW Huarte’s Exam. Wits iv. (1596) 45 Sibils and Bac- 
chants..men think are egged on by some diuine inspiration. 
1 H. More Song of Soul 1. ui. xxxii, That foregoing 
light That egs us on ’cording to what we have liven. 1691 

oop Ath. Oxon. 1. 328 Mathew Hazard [was] a main 
Incendiary in the Rebellion, violently egged on by his 
wife. 1705 Srannore Parafhr. II. 257 Thus they egg 
Men on to old Age.. till they learn too late. 1747 CARTE 
Hist. Eng. 1. 21 Everything conspired to..egg them on to 
the undertaking. 1852 THackeray Esmond u. x. (1876) 
207 Schemers and flatterers would egg him on. 

Egg (eg), v.2 [f. the sb.] ¢vans. a, In comb. 
To egg and crumb: to cover with yolk of egg and 
crumbs. b. To pelt with (rotten) eggs. c. znir. 
To collect (wild fowls’) eggs. 

1833 Marrvyat P. Simple i, ‘They be all hegged and 
crumbed.’ 1857 Baltimore Sun 1 Aug. (Bartlett) The 
abolition editor of the Newport News, was egged out of 
Alexandria .. on Monday. 1864 Mrs. H. Woop 77vev. 
Hold Ill. ix. 131 To see a sweetbread egged and crumbed. 
1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 806/1 An Iowa poet has been 
egged by the populace. 1887 E. C. Dawson Sp. Hanning- 
ton viii. 106 They .. fished, egged .. and explored to their 
heart’s content. 


’ Egge, obs. var. of Epex sd. and v.1 
Egged (egd), Ap/. a. [f. Eaa sb.+-Ep.] Mixed 


with egg. 

18: . Hook G. Gurney (1850) I. v. 107 Directions about 
egged-wine. . 

+ E-gger, 50.1 Ods. Also 6 eggar. [f. Ece v.! 
+ at One who urges on or incites ; an insti- 
gator. Also egger on. 

3598 Barret Theor. Warres w. i. 120, I wish the ill yeare 
to Eggars and setterson, 1605 Answ. Supposed Discov. 
Romish ‘Doctr. 37 The eggers and instruments of all those 
slaughters. 1693 W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. 524 An 
egger on, z#pulsor. 

‘Eeger (ege1), 56.2 [f. Eac v.2+-ER.] One 
who collects Gila fowls’) eggs. 

1875 Br. Hannincton in Dawson Lif (1887) viii. 109 And 
to the eggers of this isle The emu’s egg she shows. s 

Egger (e'go1), 54.3 Also eggar. [app. f. Ece 
sb, +~-ER ; see quot. 1720.] A collector’s name for 


various species of moths, esf. the Oak Egger-moth 
(Bombyx "ideal 

?x705 B. Witkes Bowtes New Collection Engl. Moths 
Plate I, The Great Egger Moth. x Ausin Nat. Hist. 
Insects, Descr. Pl. xviii, It spun itself..a britle brown Case 
4, in form of an Egg, like Caterpillar a in the next plate; 
for which reason they are called by some the great and 
small Egger. 1778, M, Harris Eng. Lepid. 21. | 1859 
W. Coteman Woodlands (1862) 89 The caterpillar of that 
fine large insect, the Oak ny aerial is said to feed on the 
leaves of the Heath. 1 . Newman Wat, Hist. Brit. 
Moths 4x The Pale Oak Eggar (Trichiura crategi); the 
Small Eggar (Zriogaster lanestris); the Oak Eggar (Bom- 
byx quercus); the Grass Eggar (Bombyx trifolii). 1884 
Pall Mail G. 12 Aug. 3/2 An oak-egger has been seen in 
Hyde Park. 


Egging (e'gin), vd/. 56.1 [f. Ecc v.1+-1ne1.] 
An urging forward, incitement, instigation. Also 
egging forward or on. 

e1200 Trin, Coll. Hom. 197 Pat heued pat Iob helede wid 


pe deules eginge was his rihte bileue. a1300 Cursor M. 
ma of 
t For 


ai His [Samson’s] wijf wald noght fin Thoru e; 

is wiberwin. a@1400 Octouian 688 Selle hem nog 
noeggenges. xg2x Old City Acc. Bk. Archexol. XLIII, A 
fyne lost by John Stone for eggyng of an other mannes ap- 
prentice from his maistre xxd. 1564 Hawarp ino ea 
vit. 63 Antonius began a greate ciuill warre through 
egging forward of his wife Cleopatra. 1598 R. Brernarp tr. 

erence's Hecyra i. i, They have married by your egging 
on, @1659 CLeveLanp Ws. (1687) 370 How curst an egging 
..do these unwily Dances bring. toys A. R. Hore School- 
boy Fr. go He needed very little egging on, to talk nonsense. 

Evgging, v2/.sb.2 [f. Ecc v.2+-1Nc1.] The 
action of co: — (wild fowls’) eggs; also attrib. 

1883 G.C. Davies Norfolk Broads u. 15 The unholy trade 
of egging and _bird-destroying. 1886 E. C. Dawson Bf, 
Hannington viii. (1887) 107 They had arrived in the height 
of the egging season. 

inne (eglo1). dial. [f. Eaa sb., ? after pedlar 
or higeler.] An egg-dealer and poulterer. 
1791 Census (Mertoun) in Stat. Acc. Sc. (1795) XIV. 589 
Weavers 4, Clothier 1, lers 2. 1869 Daily News 6 Jan., 
But his chief profession is that of an ‘eggler,’ that is, he 

to buy eggs and forward them in large quantities to 

England. 1880 Daily News 11 Nov. 6/6 They do not even 
188x Suff., 


Eggler, a poulterer, 


59 


Egglet (eglet). nonce-wd. [f. Eac sb. + -Let.] 
A small egg. 
1883 Cornh. wah On being ‘ Pilled’, The sight of those 
ills 


addled egglets [p lying in their cardboard nest. 

E: gling, vbl. sb. Sc. [f. Eaa sd. after Ecc- 
inet The business of an eggler. 

1881 J. Youncer Axtobiog. ix. go Try the eggling or 
cadgering. 

+E-ggment. Ods. [f. Ece v. + -menr; an 


early example of the addition of -mxn’r to an Eng. 
vb.] Incitement, instigation. 

1340 Cursor M. 25733 (Fairf.) We synne borou egment of 
per bre. c1386 Cuaucer Man of Lawes 7. 744 Thurgh 
wommannes eggement Mankynde was lorn. c1440 Promp, 
Parv. 136 Egment, or sterynge, zxcitamentum. 

Egg-nog(g (e'g-ng'g). Also (rarely) egg- 
noggy. [f. Eaa+Noe strong ale.] A drink in 
which the white and yolk of eggs are stirred up 
with hot beer, cider, wine, or spirits. 

1825 Bro. Fonathan 1. 256 The egg-nog..had gone about 
rather freely. 1844 Mrs. Houston Yacht Voy. Texas Il. 
179 Followed by the production of a tumbler of egg-noggy. 
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x\vi. (1856) 428 And made an 
egg-nogg of eider eggs. 1872 CoHEN Dis. Throat 91, 1 
would rely chiefly on egg-nog, beef essence, and quinine. 

E:gg-plant. A popular name for the Solanum 
esculentum, originally given to the white-fruited 
variety, but afterwards extended to that which 
bears the purple fruit or Aubergine. 

1767 J. ABeRcRoMBIE Ev, Man own Gard. (1803) 102 The 
choicest kinds [of tender annuals] are the double balsams.. 
ice-plant, egg-plant, etc. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. 
xvi. 202 When this [its fruit] is white it has the name of 
Egg-Plant. 1847 Mrs. SHerwoop Life xv. 273 Soup made 
of a glutinous vegetable, and the egg-plant roasted before 
the fire. 186x Detamer Kitch. Gard. 125 There is the 
purple-fruited egg-plant, and the white-fruited egg-plant. 

geritte, obs. form of Ecrer. 

Evgg-shell. [f. Ecc sé.+Suett.] The shell 
or external calcareous covering of an egg; often 
as a type of worthlessness or of fragility. 

¢1300 K. Adis. 577 He fondith to creope..Ageyn into the 
ay-schelle. 1471 RipLey Compl. Alch, vu. in Ashm, (1652) 
171 Fro Eggshells calcynyd. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. & 
Efpigr. (1867) 36, I gat not so muche..As..a poore egshell. 
1599 H. Buttes Diet’s Dry Din. To Rdr., I haue put into 
a by-dish (like Eg-shelles in a Saucer) what worthily may 
breed offence. a@1618 RateicH Prerog. Parl. 57 Without 
the Kings acceptation, both the publicke and priuate ad- 
uices be but as emptie Egg-shels. 1799 Harcuerr in PAz2. 
Trans. LXXXIX. 328 The carbonate of lime exceeds in 
quantity the phosphate .. in the egg shells of birds. 1859 
Topp Cycl. Anat. V. 63/1 The pores of the egg-shell may 
be easily stopped by any..oily matter. 1859 TENNYSON 
Enid 1213 He. .babbled.. How Enid never. .cared a broken 
egg-shell for her lord. 

b. attrib., chiefly stmzlative. Egy-shell china: 
a porcelain ware of extreme thinness and delicacy. 

1835 WILLIs Pencillings II. xlv. 52 We..stepping into an 
egg-shell caique, crossed the Golden Horn. 1860 Emerson 
Cond. Life vii. Wks. (Bohn) II. 424 We come out of our 
egg-shell existence. 1861 C. P. Hopcson Resid. ¥apan 31 
Fragile and sweetly pretty little egg-shell porcelain cups. 
7, Times 11 Aug. 13/2 The egg-shell sides of the Mercury. 

ence Eggshell-ful, as a measure of quantity. 

1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 29 An eye-schelle ful of good 
brennynge water. 1579 Lancuam Gard. Health (1633) 73 
Drink an egshelfull of the iuice of Betony. 1746 BERKELEY 
Sec. Let. Tar-water § 14 Anegg-shell full of tar. 1758 J.S. 
Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) 247, | found about an Egg- 
Shell full of purulent Serosity. 

Eggy (e'gi), 2. [f. Eco+-y.] a. Full of eggs, 
abounding ineggs. b. Marked with stains of egg. 

1709 Rambl. Fuddle-Caps 7 So Eggy withal, that a man 
bt have Sworn, He had just in the Pill’ry been taking a 

urn. 

Eghe, obs. form of Eys. 

Egir, obs. form of Eacer, a. 

Egistment, var. of AGISTMENT. 

1681 J. W. Syst. Agric. 325, Egistments, cattle taken in to 
graze or be fed by the week or month. 

Eglandular (églendicla1), a. Bot. [f E- 
prefs + GLANDULAR.] That has no glands. 

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora 21 Matthiola incana 
..pod eglandular, 

Ey landulose (égle'ndilous), a. Bot. [f. E- 
prefs + GLANDULOSE.] = prec. 

1878 Hutme Wild Flowers I. Summary 15 Leaves pin- 
nate, eglandulose, slightly hairy. 

e1 (eglantoin, -tin), Forms: 4-6 
eglentine, 6 eggletyne), 7-eglantine. [a. F. 
églantine (= Pr. aiglentina), f. OF. aiglent of same 
meaning, prob, repr. Lat. type *acudentus prickly, 
f. acu-s needle +-lentus suffix, as in viru-lentus, 
lucu-lentus ; cf. aculeus sting, prickle.] 

1. The Sweet-briar ; also attrib. 

€1400 Maunpev. ii. 14 There he was crouned with Eglan- 
tier [v.~. Eglentine]. 155: Turner Herba/t. N vj a, The 
eglentine is much like the common brere but the leues are 
swete and p! t to smel to. alow Mids. N. 1. i. 
152 Quite ouer-cannoped with. .E tine. 1688 R. Hotme 
Armoury 11. 62/2:The Eglantine Rose is the Sweet brier 
Rose. @1763 SHENSTONE Odes (1765) 122 Nor spare the 
sweet-leaft eglantine. 1820 Keats /sadella xxiv, Ere the 
hot sun count His dewy rosary on the eglantine. 1882 Miss 
Brapvpon Mount-Royad I. iv. 82 Hedges filled with honey- 
suckle and Teme : 

“| 2. By Milton possibly taken for: The honey- 
suckle. 


EGOISM. 


1632 Mitton L’ Allegro 48 Through the sweetbriar or the 
vine, Or the twisted eglantine. 

Evglantine 2. (See quot.) 

1774 Gotps. Nat. Hist. (1862) 1. vi. 31 Eglantine, a stone 
of the hardness and grain of marble. 

Eglatere (eglatie1). Ods. exc. poet. Forms: 
5 eglantere, 4-5 eglenter, -ier. [a. OF. esglan- 
tier, aiglantier (mod.F. églantier), f. atglant (see 
EGLANTINE 1) + -zer, as in vos-der rose-tree, etc.] 
= EGLantIne |, 

1387 Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd, Oxon.) 12 Bedegar est 
nodus rosz alba silvestris, vulgari nomine, eglenter. 1459 
Test. Ebor. (1855) 11. 226 Ij gilt peces with ij coverkills 
with treiles of eglenters. axzgoo Hlower 6 Leaf viii, The 
hegge.. With sicamour was set and eglatere. /d7d. xii, I.. 
Thought suddenly I felt so swete an air Of the Eglantére. 
1830 Tennyson Dirge 23 The woodbine and eglatere Drip 
sweeter dews than traitor’s tear. 

Egle, obs. form of EAGLE. 

+Egle-che, @. 00s. [app. repr. or f. OE. 
agleca, aglécea, sb., cruel person, fierce warrior, f. 
agldc misery, sharp conflict ; of uncertain origin.] 
? Valiant. 

ar250 Prov. Alfred in O. E. Misc. 102 Knyhtes egleche. 
pa po Magdalena in Saints’ Lives (1887) 462 Sleize men 
and egleche .. Lustniez noube to mi speche. ¢ 1300 in R. 
Grouc. (Rolls) Append. XX. 125 Pe lefdi [the empress 
Matilda] was egleche. 

Eglenter, obs. form of EGuatERE. 

Eglogue, obs. form of Eciocur. 

+ Eglomerate (‘glpméreit), v. Obs.—° [as if f. 
L. *églomerat- ppl. stem of *2glomera-re, f. € out + 
glomerare to wind or gather into a ball; f. glomus, 
-ér-ts clew, or ball.]  ¢rans. and intr. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Eglomerace [sic], to unwinde. 
1775 Asu, Eglomerate, to unwind itself. In mod. Dicts. 

glotte, obs. var. of AGLET. 

1570 Levins Manip. 176 An Eglotte, dracteolum. 

Evgma, A ‘stage rustic’s’ blunder for Exicma. 

1588 Suaxs. L.Z.Z. 1.1.73 No egma, no riddle, no lenuoy. 

|| Ego (ego, z-go). Metaph. [L. ego 1.] 

That which is symbolized by the pronoun I; 
the conscious thinking subject, as opposed to the 
non-ego or object. Also hemorously, for ‘self’. 

The pronunciation (7*go) is now seldom heard in England, 
though no other is recognized in the 1885 edition of Ogilvie, 
and in the 1886 edition of Webster. In the derivatives 
egoism, egotism, etc. the sound (7), given in the same dic- 
tionaries without alternative, is in Eng. use still more rare 
than in the case of the primary word. 

[1789 Cowper Letter 6 June, To thee both Ego and all 
that Ego does is interesting.] 1824 GaLt Rothelan 11. 201 
He plainly regarded Ego as one of the most captivating 
of the human race. 1829 Edin. Rev: L. 200 In every act 
of consciousness we distinguish a self or ego, 1847 LEwEs 
Hist. Philos. (1867) Il. 514 The Ego is essentially an 
Activity; consequently free. 1870 GLapstone Prim. Homer 
(1878) 142 The harmonious laws of his mind are everywhere 
visibly at work—but the ego—the mere personality—is 
nowhere to be traced. 1871 Tynpati Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) II. 
iv. 51 While the Non-ego shifts, the Ego remains the same. 

b. Comb. ego-altruistic [the first element really 
stands for egozstic]: see quot. 

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. Il. vu. vii. 595 The 
ego-altruistic sentiments. .sentiments which while implying 
self-gratification, also imply gratification in others. 

Hence Ego-hood. xonce-wd. [f. L. ego 1 + 
-HOOD.] Individuality, personality. 

1873 Brit. Q. Rev. LVII. 79 We must face .. the reality 
of our own ego-hood, 

Egoical (egawikal), a. [f. Eao+-1cat.] Of or 
pertaining to egotism. 

Egoism (e'g-, 7-goiz’m). [ad. F. egoisme, ad. 
mod.L. egoismus, f. L. ego I: see -IsM. Cf. 
Ecomism.] 

1. Metaph. The belief, on the part of an indi- 
vidual, that there is no proof that anything exists 
but his own mind; chiefly applied to philo- 
sophical systems supposed by their adversaries 
logically to imply this conclusion. ; 

[1722 C. M. PrarF (¢itde), De Egoismo, nova philosophica 
heresi.] 1785 Reip /nt. Powers i. x. 285, I am left alone 
in that forlorn state of egoism. 1803 Edin. Rev. I. 279 The 
egoism of Berkeley and Hume is largely incorporated in 
his system. 

2. Ethics. The theory which regards self-interest 
as the foundation of morality, Also, in practical 
sense: Regard to one’s own interest, as the su- 
preme guiding principle of action; systematic 
selfishness. (In recent use opposed to altruism.) 

1800 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 234/1 Affection .. was 
lost in selfishness or according to their new word Egoism. 
1825 T. Jerrerson Axtobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 103 A contrast 
of his egoism (for he was beneficed on them) with the 

enerous abandonment of rights by the other members of 
the Assembly. 1840 GLapstone Ch. Princ. 463 Egoism .. 
is sure to prevail whenever the pressure of high Christian 
motives is removed. 1850 CarLyLe Latter-day Pamph. 
i. 9 The mature man, hardened into sceptical egoism, knows 
no monition but that of his own frigid cautions. 1860 Mit. 
Repr. Govt. (1865) 19/2 Religion in this shape is quite con- 
sistent with the most selfish and contracted egoism. 1873 
H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. viii. 198 The a of ego- 
ism are duly restrained by regard for others. 

b. (See quot.) 3 

1882 Harcxer in Mature XXVI. 540 The natural instinct 
of self-preservation, Egoism. 8 

-2 


EGOIST. 
SF all Selfish aims or purposes; instances of 


1795 T. Jerrerson Writ. Wks. 1859 IV. 115 It must be 
mo ren: By i» ae ae yey J never reach its 


greater part. 1843 CartyLe Past § Pr. (1858) 90 Hearsays, 
oem, urblind dilettantisms, Aha aya ohn Mill on 

vades Un. in Recess Stud, viii. 309 internecine strife 
of anarchical 


egoisms. 

3. In matters of opinion: a, The habit of look- 
ing upon all questions chiefly in their relations 
to oneself. b. Excessive exaltation of one’s own 
a weary self-opinionatedness. 

GLApsTonE Ch. Princ. 134 He is deprived of every 
low of a plea to impute esate or any form of 
egoism. 1852 RoBERTSON Lect. 169 * That oism of man. 
can .. read in the p only prop if. 1870 
Lowest A my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873), 177 Every narrow 
Provincialism hatha of egoism or tradition. 
= EcorismM I. 

1807  T. Jerrerson Writ, (1830) IV. 69 Pardon me these 
egoisms. "— Grapstone Prim. Hom. (1878) 148 Never 
once..does Odusseus indulge in the slightest egoism. 1870 
Spurcron Treas. Dav. Ps. xxxiv. 4 Note the egoism of this 
verse and of those preceding it. 

5. Hindu Philosophy. Used as transl. of Skr. 
abhimdna, by some rendered ‘ self-consciousness’. 

ae F. Hart Hindu Philos. Syst. 45 The organ of egoism. 

Cow ELL A. phorisms of Sandila 110 The San-khya con- 
Si ers ‘intellect’ ‘egoism’, and ‘mind’ as quite distinct 
from each other. 

= (eg, 7 i-go,ist). 

1. (See quot.) 

1785 Reip /nt. Powers 640 A sect..called Egoists, who 
maintained that we have no evidence of the existence of 
anything but ourselves. 1860 Manset Proleg. Logica App. 
313 It would not add one tittle to the evidence of the fact.. 
in the eyes of anyone but an Egoist. 

One who makes regard to his own interest 
Oe guiding principle of his conduct. 
Sat. Rev. 15 Nov., He is... thoroughly selfish, an 
egent,’ as Mr. Meredith, adopting current slang, writes 
the word which used to be ‘ egotist ’. 
. One who talks much about himself ; 
mist. Also quasi-ad7. 
Lp. AuckLanb Corr, (1862) III. 217 My next letter 
aun be less egoist. 1831 Lytron Godolph. xix. (1877) 102, 
I will turn fa Page and tell you wy adventures. 

Egoistic (eg-, 7goi'stik), a. [f. prec. +-10.] 

1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, metaphy- 
sical or ethical egoism. 

a 1834 CoLertpGE Ox Faith in Lit. Rem. 1V. 
The thirst and 


[f. as prec. + -1sT.] 


= Eco- 


(1839) 434 
ride of power, despotism, egoistic ambition. 
1839 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. (1853) 194 Of Absolute 
Idealism only two principal species are possible..the The- 
istic and the Egoistic. 186a F. Hari Hindu Philos. Syst. 18 
The egoistic conceit that the soul energizes, enjoys, and 
suffers, is the foundation of desire, aversion, virtue, etc. 
1874 Sipcwickx Meth. Ethics i. 9 Egoistic and Universalistic 
Hedonism. 

2. Of feelings, desires, actions: Self-regarding, 
prompted by self-interest ; in bad sense, selfish. 

1840 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 255 His very pity will be 
cowardly, egoistic,—sentimentality, or little better. 

3. Given to talk about oneself; = Ecorisrio. 

1852 Ropertson Lect. 170 Among..the egoistic class of 
first-rate poets, severe justice compels me..to place Lord 


Ls 
Eg oistical (eg-, igoji'stikal), @ oa sy 
=prec. Hence Egoi‘stically 
ean point of view. 

1842 Sin W. Hamitton in Reid's Wks. 1. 817/1 If the 
Idea be regarded as a mode of the human mind itself, we 
have a scheme of Egoistical Idealism. 1836 Sir H. Tavtor 
Statesman xxxi. 235 There is a dignit bed = desire to be 
right .. which will not fail to s hat is egoistical 
and frivolous in a man ’s pe raooal f fastings 4 in society. 1847 
Lewes Hist. Philos. (2865157 57 He had learned to despise the 
splendours of rank and fortune, without being misanthrop- 
ical or egoistical. 249 H. Spencer Data Ethics xii. 207 
Each profits egoistically from the growth of an altruism. 

E:goistry. monce-wd. [f. Ecorst + -ry.] = 
Ecoism. 

1841 Lp. a: = Life ix. (1887) 184 His love of 

Beity his perpetual a 

oity (egduiti). “rr. O+-ITY.] a. Self- 
honls that which forms the essence of personal 
identity. b. (See quot. 1867.) 

1651 Biccs New Mg) P 290 Our individual singularity 
and egoity. 7" Div. Dial. u. xvii. (1713) 139 
Those mysterious depths of Satan which the te 


rec. + 
rom an 


so diligently discover, such as are Ipseity, E , or Sel sh. 
ness. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. ix. 1 You would 
permit me to use a school term, I would sa ans 
mains. 1867 J. H. Stix.inc tr. Schw ‘s Hist. Philos. 
(ed. 8) 261 We are to +. not the p lar indi- 


vidual, but the universal universal reason. -Egoity and 
angry ed the pure the empirical ego, are entirely 
ideas. 

er (e'go,aiza1). rare. [f. *egoize v. (f. L. 

ego + -IZE) +R.) Used as trans. of Skr. ahamkdra 

(it. ‘ego-maker’) a term in Hindu philosophy. 
See quot. and cf. Ecotsm 5. 

4 1 Hatt ee Philos. Syst. 57 That internal organ 


ristic affection is the 
“Bi ania mania (egomz"nii) nik), 


humorous. [f. Gr. 
ey 1+ pavia 


after monomania, biblio- 

mania, etc.]| Morbid egotism. 
1825 W. S. Wacker Poet. . (1852) Introd. 88 Would 
I could get rid of this egomania! 


ee ae 


60 


|| Ego: vare—'. [ad. Gr. #youpevos, 
pple. of a to lead.] A monastic eee | 
i the Greek Cat. 


Eco and -1sm. The inserted m Littré conjectures 
to be derived from the pronoun me. More prob- 
the word was a 'y of some older term, 
as atomisme.] e belief of one who con- 
aaa himself the only petanee in existence. 
(1727 Ramsay org sur la moa go Une espéce de 


se croit le seul 
étre <n = r ‘ Sy ry ‘eng . Nat. Soma WH XI. 
21 That kind epticism called Egomism. 


TuHompson in v4 Butler Hist. Anc. Philos. 1. "do note, ‘i 
[egoism] is not more barbarous thani its homonym ‘ egotism ’ A 
and much less so than ‘egomism’, which occurs in ‘ Baxter 
On the Soul’, where it is attributed to certain Cartesians. 

Egophony, var. of AScopHony. 

Egotheism (egopz‘iz’m). rare. [f. Gr. éyo+ 
6e-0s God + -1sM.] The (mystical) identification 
of oneself with the Deity. 

1856 | R for poem Mystics Y 960) IL. vu. i. 7 The arrogant 

took in another sense. 
1882 J ag ge alae, Lit. viii. 267 He approaches the 
E; Shien of the Sufis. 

_Egotism (eg-, 7gdtiz’m). [f. Eco +-1sm, with 
intrusive ¢ as in AGIOTAGE. 

If the statement Ad Addison (quot. 1714) can be trusted, 
the word seems to have been invented by some of the Port- 
Royalists to range with the terms of rhetoric denoting 
‘figures of speech’ and the like. (In accordance with this, 

Lord Chesterfield speaks | of ‘ the egotism’ as one might say 

‘the aposiop ‘the ch ".) It seems probable that 
egotism was formed on the pattern of some older word in 
-otism ; cf. for example Fr. édiotisme.] 

1. The obtrusive or too frequent use of the 
pronoun of the first person singular : hence the 
practice of talking about oneself or one’s doin 

oon Appison Sfect, No. 562 P 3 The Gentlemen of Port- 

oyal..branded this Form of Writing [in the First Person] 
rs the Name of an Egotism., 1747 Cuesterr. Lett. 1. 
cxxix. 344 Banish the egotism out of your conversation, 
17.. Lid. 11. 238 Though I do not recommend the egotism 
to you with regard to any body else, I desire that you will 
use it with me. 1753 Hanway 77vav. (1762) I. Introd. 16 
The nature of journals renders egotisms unavoidable. 1718 
Mason Mem. Gray Poems (1775) 173 The Reader .. wil 
excuse this short piece of egotism. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. 

I. xxx. 407 The egotism of personal narrative. 

2. The vice of thinking too much of oneself; 
self-conceit, boastfulness ; also, selfishness. 

1800 Med. Frnl. IV. 503 Myreaders will don any r- 
ance of egotism. . since it is not easy to talk of oneself without 

giving offence. 1830 CoLenipce Lect. Shaks. U1. 116 The in- 
tense selfishness, the alcohol of egotism, eg would rather 
reign in hell than serve in —— 1847 Emerson Repr. 

Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 381 His absorbing egotism 
was deadly to all other men. Rosertson Sevm. Ser. 
ut. vii. ror Sin is the oo into self and egotism out 
of the vivifying life of God. GREENER Gunnery 232 
Without egotism, I can safely a er to make a gun or guns 
against any maker in the world. 1878 Lecky ng. in 18th 
C. II. vii. 257 An intense class and national egotism then 
dominated all politics. 

Egotist (eg-, 7‘gdtist). [f. as prec. + -1sT.] 
One who makes too frequent use of the pronoun I ; 
one who thinks or too much of himself; 
a selfish person. Also attrid. 

_17%4 Appison Sfect. No. 562 ? 4 The ne erage a 
tist..was Montaigne, the author of the.. 

amiEson Pop. Ball. a sens I. Pref. 4 A bee t at ack: 
ledges favours may be allowed to be an egotist. 
Macintosu Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846 1. 175 As “ae an 4 
tist as Montaigne; but not so bly so. Wii. 


Ketty tr. Z. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y, Il. pte Suck fe is, in the 

egotist and vulgar g of the ph the g 

ambitious. Rosertson Lect, he egotist is ever 

= and thinking of that whic ey to himself 
one. 1860 vanes pearl Ning abs ip vii were 

preparing to desert the Pa little then 


cearowns arth ofepelianns pty Aah teed og 


Egotistic (eg-, fgoti'stik), a. [f. prec. + -10.] 
Pertaining to, or PB sede foal oP tog 
€ 1860 Waar tr. R, Houdin iv. 6, 1 to lose the 


egotistic indifference which a 

— nok erent 8J Jaly dalyigo Hi diction is entirely 
avowed! 

iii. 70 70 The Chris 


Moztey Univ, Serm. 
tistic 


pe op] immortality cannot be an ego- 
Eg ay a. [f. as prec, +- alee =prec. 
1825 MacauLay Milton, aes. ( (1851) 1. oy The of 


a writer from the 1841 
D'Israeut Amen, Lit, (1867) 321 Patrictiam has often 


covered the most egotistical motives. ‘THACKERAY 
Virgin. \xxxvi. (1878) 697, I have a to be 
and egotistical. eu Li pons Iam 


talking in an. egotistical. .manner. 
Hence Egoti'stically y adv., in an ag 
manner, as a result of 


centre oe of the fe ge} Tia, 
AM L man.. coke: 
ically, that the rest of the world 1d was equally at i 
(e'g-, = 2 ee taiz), v. Egor-IsM: see 
128.) intr. To talk or write in Ls way. 
Hence E'go vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 
1789 Comet Lett. 6 June, I egotize in my letters to thee, 


EGRESS. 
Fg and Ep. F. it, 2. Priesticy te EES Register (Bot) 406 E ad 
sentence flags. 181 
Gertr. 
Sod Zelam eee te Si 872) 
5 (lerenisilavs), a. Bot. [f. E- 
+ GRANU Without granules. 
4 in Syed, Se: tae 
Egre, obs. i oe. 
Egre‘dient, 2. rare—", [ad. L. égredient- 
ae. to Oe out + gradi to 
ant out or issues forth. 
‘arieties u. 74 The one is as ingredient, the 


Tipe Bab 
“Egregious (fer?-dsios, gion), Also 6 @-, 
egregius. [f. L. égregi-us, f. é out+grex, greg-is 
flock + -ous: hence bari ga above the flock.] 
+1. Prominent, 
1578 BanisTER ke. Man vu. 92 All the poynt, and 


portion of the right side of this tanalatane 
2. Remarkable in a good sense: 


a. Of persons personal qualities: Dis- 
tinguished, eminent, excellent, renowned. és. 


(exc. in humorously tic use). 
cx tr. Pol. Ve , Hist. (1846) 1. 172 Pi the 
ooueat of Penda, Ry? Ae ps gas 1590 


wegregius yore 
Martowe 2d Pt. Tamburl. 1. i, Egregious viceroys 
these eastern 1609 BisLe Cee) Se Bx. xexva 
Ooliab .. was If also an ious artificer 
1656 Hopses Six Less. Wks. 1845 VII. 283, I am not so 
egregious a mathematician as you are, 1738 Bircu — 


gen ayer Wks. (1738) I. A he ay to 
fo “raged vmeaien of Majest L. Hunr Indi 
pete 


There is a school the os 

Whe Amos enius. 1855 THackeray Vewcomes I. 122 

hen he wanted to draw .. some one splendid and egre- 
gious, it was Clive he took for a model. 

b. Of things: Remarkably good or great. Of 

events and utterances: Striking, significant. ? Ods. 

1547-64 Bautpwin Mor. Philos. u. (Palfr.) Prol., Certain 


se 3 


reserved very. lively and excellent. 
1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, 1. iv. 11 Except . . thou doe giue to 
me , Ransome. 1645 Mitton Tetrach. ey 1) 220 
This is doctrine, and for which one yg 

will much thanke them. 1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 


It [emulsion] is especially of egregious use in Fevers. 
‘SR Remarkable in a bad sense; gross, flagrant, 


outrageous. [This sense does not bel to L. 
egregius or to It. egregio; prob. it arose from an 
ironical use of 2, though our earliest quotations 


afford no evidence of this.] 
a. of ns and 1 attributes, 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk, (1884) Thai them selvs can- 
oct deacadie’ it without ie ion 1593 NasHe 
Four Lett. Confut. 67 E, is neuer used in english 
but in the extreame ill part. 161x SHaxs. Cymd. v. v. 211 
Italian Fiend..E, ious murtherer. 1648 Mitton Odserv. 


Art. Peace cn ae oe E 
Frecpine Univ. 


ofthe secre ‘ pero aed Sept, ie Every 


“~~ of re ee etc. 

1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentil. oe He toucheth severity 
towards servants, as a hainous and egregious offence. 
Sreete Tatler oe i Fs nahh = want Sense, do 


ute IV. li. 48 An t Modesty. ‘176s 


egregious exercise of 
npy & coe "aha Corie teh 2S - 
egregious Wi Lecxy mt . - 
vil. 426 No fomed poor] have been "Too te fa 
4. nonce-use. W. from the 
1873 Browninc Xed Cott. nee aa 
sheep. . Unearthed the image in 
Hence Egre’ 


egregious ; the 
excellence, 


Feb. 19. 12/t so arin pointed out that water . 
is unusual, in we 


«4 ri oe oe 


a, 


1693 Urqunart rats Ml, xix. 136 Whom song “hal set 
powely tar ewers, aS ae 


-moyn, obs. ff. AGRIMoNY. 
1387 Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 9 A 
; ita (Anecd. O; 


to act his 


EGRESS. 


burning Adamant .. prohibit all egress. 1724 T. Ricners 
Hist. Siva? Geneal, Spain 400 The French Fleet. .enter’d 
the Bay of Cadiz, to prevent all Egress and Regress of that 

Harbour. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. I. 13 The other 
door which afforded egress into the small court. 1886 PadZ 
Mail G. 22 Dec. 5/2 Another improvement is the egress 
chamber. 

pb. Astron. The emergence of a heavenly body 
from an eclipse or occultation ; also, the passing 
of a planet off the sun’s disc in a transit ; the end 
of an eclipse or transit. Also attrib. 

1706 Hearne Collect. 2 May (1885) I. 239 They plainly 
perceiv’d the Ingress and Egress. 1867-77 G. CHAMBERS 
Astron. Voc. 915 Egress, the ge of a satellite from the 
disc of its primary, at the end of the phenomenon known as 
a‘transit’, 1882 Daily News 30 Dec. 5/4 The Transit of* 
Venus. .the egress observations in the West Indies. 

2. Anat. Of nerves and vessels: An issuing 
forth, or branching out. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man vit. 110 After the egresse or 
poyng out therof [of the nerve] it cleaueth into two 

raunches. 1668 CuLrerrer & Cote tr. Barthol. Anat... 
xvii. 46 That the Ingress and Egress of the Vessels might 
be discerned. 1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 359 The 
nervous fasciculi..are collected together at their egress from 
the ganglion. 

3. A channel of exit, an outlet. 

1677 Hate Contempi. 1. 229 God..as a wise Artist. .stops 
all other egresses but that which fits his design. 1817 J. 
Scorr Paris Revisit. 142 A lane .. an egress from which 
was shut up. 1863 Wuyte Metvitte Gladiators III. 163 
o% PA .Was a private egress opening on the wide terrace. 

. fig. 

1604 IT, Wricut Passions v.§ 4.264 Ingresse into this world 
..Progresse of Life... Egresse or death. 1612 WoopaLL 
Surg. Mate Wks. 1653 Pref. 11 This present Work .. the 
Authour entreats..may receive a charitable Construction 
upon the egresse thereof. 1 Br. Reynotps Passions 
ix. 74 Love then consists in a kind of expansion or egresse 
of the heat and spirits to the object loved. 1874 Hetprs Soc. 
Press. iii. 43 What should prevent the ingress..of noxious 
trades, or frcilitate their egress. 

Egress (égre’s), v. [f. the sb.] zutv. To issue, 
to go forth. (Perfect tenses sometimes conjugated 
with de.) 

1578 Banister Hist. Man vi. 111 b, Two other payre of 
sinewes.. which after they are egressed or gone forth, beget 
also, by together knittyng, one notable nerue. 1765 W. Law 
tr. Behmen’s Myst. Magnum i. (1772) 11 That which is 

ressed is called the Lubet of the Deity. 1866 J. Rose 

id's Fasti u. 203 Forth from the camp egress’d their 
bands. 

Egression (‘gre‘fon). [ad. L. égression-em, f. 
égress- ppl. stem of égredz; see EGRESS s6.] 

. The action of issuing forth or going out from 
any enclosed place or specified limits. 

@ 1529 SKELTON Image Hypocr. 11. 272 To send a man.. 
To his egression. 1607 Torset, Serpents 753 Scorpions, 
which at their first egression do kill their Dam that hatched 
them. 1650 H. Brooke Conserv. Health 117 The Cold 
hinders the — of Vapors. 1660 Jer. TavLor Duct. 
Dubit. w. i, Mevius .. in the instant of its [the arrow’s] 
egression..repents of the intended evil. 1767 HeseRpEN in 
Phil. Trans. LVI. 461 The accession of strangers and the 
egression of the natives being so equally inconsiderable. 
1862 R. Patterson Ess. Hist. § Art 448 The Indian pen- 
insula is a huge cul-de-sac, into which race after race. .has 
poured. .without the possibility of any egression. 


+b. spec. The exodus of the Israelites from 


Egypt. Ods. (freq. in 18th c.). 

1614 Rateicn Hist. World u. 352 The times from the 
= to the building of Solomon’s Temple. 1738-41 

ARBURTON Div. Legat. Il. 256 The Egression of the 
Israelites. 

+c. transf. The issuing as a branch, etc. Ods. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1v. 59 Sinewy and sharpe is the 
egression of this muscle at the first. 

+ 2. Emergence from, out of (obscurity, etc.) ; 
a deviation from accustomed rules; an outburst 
of feeling, poetic fervour, etc. Ods. 

1509 Barciay Shy of Folys Argt. Aj, Leuynge the egres- 
syons poetyques and fabulous obscurytees. 1651 Jer. Taytor 

‘ourse Sern. 1.iv. 50 Extraordinary egressions and trans- 
volations beyond the ordinary course of aneven Piety. /bid. 
(1678) 85 The Gospel..requiring the heart of man did stop 
every egression of disorders. 1654 Trapp Comm. Ps. |xiii. 
1 Egressions of affection unto God. 1738-41 WARBURTON 
Div. Legat. 11. 31 All Countries on their first Egression out 
of Barbarity. 1753 Zss. Celibacy 80 Such egressions from her 
laws are deg: ies from the dard of h 
perfection. 

Egre'ssive, «. [as ifad. L. *égressiv-us; cf. 
prec. and -1vz.] Tending to issue forth. 

1691 Ep. Tavtor tr. Behmen’s Theos. Phil. 356 The desire 
is egressive, and the Egress is the Spirit of the Will. 

Egret (egrét, 7grét). : Forms: 5 egrete, 
-ette, 6-7 eggret, 7 (egript), 8 eggritte, eig- 
rette, 5— egret. See also Aicrerrn. [var. of 
AIGRETTE : a. Fr. aigretie, dim. of *aigr-, a. OHG, 
heigir: see Heron] 

1. The Lesser White Heron: cf. AIGRETTE I. 
Also attrib., as in egret-heron. 

141 Rocers Agric. § Prices III. 129/2 Egrets 4 @ 1/2. 
©1535 Drewes /xtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 911 Theseret, taigret, 
x600 Haktuyt Voy. III. 520 An egript..is all white as the 
swanne, with legs like to an hearns! 1766 PENNANT 
Zool. (1768) II. 513 Egrets, a s| cies of Heron now scarce 
known in this island. 1849 C. Bronti Shirley ILI. viii. 178 
As quiet Itry might look on an egret. 1859 TENNENT 
Ceylon Il. ix. iv. 455 Snowy egrets.. station themselves 
lower down to watch the fish, 


61 


2. The feathery pappus of the seeds of the dan- 
delion, thistle, and other plants; = AIGRETTE 3. 

1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. vi. 70 Seeds in which the 
down or egret. .is sessile. 1800 J. Hurpis Favourite Vill. 
110 Egret from the head Of thistle ravished. 1851 S. Jupp 
Margaret vi. (1871) 29 The egret ofa thistle. _ 

3. attrib., as +egret-monkey [Fr. azgrette ; so 
called by Buffon from the tuft on the top of its 
head], an assumed species of ape called by 
Linneus Sima Aygula; it is now supposed that 
the female of some species of M/acacius was meant. 

1802 Binctey Anim. Biog. (1813) I. 81 The egret monkey. 
1829 Tower Menagerie, Contents. 

grimonie, -y, obs. ff. AGRIMoNY. 

+E-grimony. vare~°. [ad. L. xgrimonia, f. 
xger sick.) Deep sorrow. 

1626 in CockeraM. 1656 BLount Glossogr. 1818in Topp. 
1 in WEBSTER and mod. Dicts. 

griot, var. of AcRior, Ods., a sort of cherry. 

Egritude, var. of AZaritupE, Ods. 

Egromancy, egromantic, corrupt ff. NEcRo- 
MANCY, -MANTIC. 

[Cf. xegromancy and Walloon égrimancien = Fr. nécro- 
mancien (Littré). Sir R. Burton believes that he found the 
words in some Eng. writer of 17th c., and many scholars in- 
form us that they have certainly met with them in earlier 
literature, but we have failed to obtain references.] 

1885 R. Burton Arad. Nights 1.76 By virtue of my egro- 
mancy become thou half stone and half man. 7d. I. 133 
An hundred and seventy chapters of egromantic formulas. 

+ Egro'te, v. Ovs.-° [ad. L. agrotare, f. 
wxgrétus sick.] intr. To be sick; to feign one- 
self sick. 

ed in BalLey. . 

ence Egro‘ting v4/. sd., a feigned sickness. 
iz in Cote. 1775 in AsH. 
grymon, obs. variant of AGRIMONY. 

Egte, obs. form of Ercur. 

Bguall, var. of EGA a. Ods. equal. 

Egurgitate (‘giidziteit), v. rare. [ad. L. 
égurgitat- ppl. stem of égurgitire, f. € out + gurget- 
em whirlpool, gulf.] ¢vans. To vomit forth ; /z- 
morously, to utter (phrases). 

1656 Biount Glossogr. 1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 64. 2/2 
Horisonant Phrases .. which .. with .. Facility you Egur- 
gitate. 1862 Q. Rev. July 192 The most purposeless crys- 
tallo-chalybeate bubbles which earth has yet egurgitated. 

Egylile, obs. ff. EAGLE. 

+ Egy‘ptiac, z. Obs.rarve. [ad. late L. Lgyp- 
tidcus.) = EGYPTIAN. 

1635 Pacitt Christianogr. 1. ii. (1636) 48 Groning under 
their Egyptiack bondage. 

+ Egypti‘acal, z. Ods. [f. as prec. +-au.] = 
EGyprian. 

1556 Asp. Parker Psalter Ixxx. 14 Egiptiacall bondage. 
1586 J. Hooker Giradd. [rel. in Holinshed 11. 134/1 Suffer- 
ing no glibes. .nor the Egyptiacal rolles vpon womens heads, 

Egyptian (/dzi:pfon), a. and sd. Forms: 4 
egi-, egypcian, -ien, -yan, 6 egiptian, egypcy-, 
(sy-)an, 7 eg-, 7- egyptian. [f. Ecypr+-1n.] 

A. adj. 


. ad). 

1. Belonging or relating to Egypt. 

1646 CrasHaw Delights of the Muse 129 Th’ Egyptian 
Pyramids themselves must live. 1726 tr. Gregory’s Astron, 
I. 245 The Egyptian, Julian, and Gregorian [year]. 1885 
Rawuiinson Egypt § Bab. 223 No trace has been found of 
camels in the Egyptian monuments. Mod. The recent 
Egyptian campaign. He speculated in Egyptian bonds. 

b. fig. In Biblical allusions, as Leyptcan bond- 
age: bondage like that of the Israelites in Egypt ; 
Egyptian darkness: intense darkness (see Lxod. 
x. 22); also, + Agyptian days: the two days in 
each month which were believed to be unlucky. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P, R.1x. xxi. (1495) 358 For there 
ben xxiiij Egypcyans dayes it folowyth that god sente mo 
wreches vpon the Egypcyens than ten. ¢1400 Afo/. Loll. 
93 A _waytip not beis Egipcian daies, (pat we call dysmal). 
1641 R. Brooxe Eng. Efisc. u. iv. 76 A Glympse that might 
Enlighten them in the midst of Egyptian darknesse. 1659 
Mitton Rupt. Commw. Wks. (1851) 401 A part of the Nation 
were desperately conspir’d to call back again thir Egyptian 
Bondage. 1854 J. Assotr Napoleon II. viii. 133 It was a 
—" of Egyptian darkness. , 

. Bot, Egyptian Bean: perh. the fruit of We- 
lumbium. speciosum ; Egyptian Lotus = Vymphea 
Lotus ; Egyptian Rose: a. Scabiosa arvensis L. 
b. Scabiosa atropurpurea L.; Egyptian Thorn: 
Crategus Pyracantha. 

3. Min. Egyptian Jasper, + Egyptian pebble: a 
brown mottled jasper from t. 

1771 Hitt Fossils 226 Egyptian Pebble. 1804 Jameson 
Mineralogy 1.230 Egyptian Jasper. 1884 Dana Mineralogy 
195 Egyptian Jasper. 

= Gipsy, humorous. 

1749 Frecpinc Tom Yones xu, xiii. IV. 295 Mr. Jones .. 
took leave of his Egyptian majesty. ? 

5. In Printing. Agyptian type (letters, figures): 
a particular kind of type distinguished by the 
thickness of the stems ; also as quasi-sd. 

1855 J. Gorvon Juterest Tables Pref. 7 The introduction 
of Egyptian figures at the tens. . will. . give increased facility 
to the eye in running over the columns. 1859 H. BEADNELL 
Guide Typography 1. 35 Types are. .distinguished accord- 
px the information. .of the letter. .[as].. Roman, Italic 
. Egyptian. 


EHRENBERGITE. 


B. sé. 

1. A native of Egypt. Often fg. with allusion 
to the aspect in which the Egyptians appear in the 
Bible. 70 spotl the Egyptians: cf. Exod. xii. 36. 

1388 Wycuir /sa, xix. 21 Egipcions schulen knowe the 
Lord. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1Xy iii. (1495) 347 
Amonge the Egypcyens the yere was tokenyd by a dragon 
paynted bytynge his owne taylle. c1gq00 Afol. Loll. 73 
Decretistis, as to bat part of wysdam fet pei haue of he 
worldis wisdam, are Egipciens. 1658 CLevELAND Rustic 
Ramp. Wks. (1687) 422 All without the Fold of the Godly 
were Agyptians. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 323 The.. 
abhorrence of the A‘gyptians for these barbarous Icono- 
clasts. Mod. The manners of the ancient Egyptians. 

2. = Gipsy. 

1514 Firzuers. Faust. Peas 98b, It is ordayned agaynste 
people callynge themselves Egypcyans, that no such per- 
sons be suffred to come within this realme. 1609 SKENE 
Reg. Maj. 179 For the better triall of. .maisterfull beggers, 
fen3eit foolis, counterfit Egyptians, 1697 View of Penal 
Laws 310 If any Transports into England or Wales, any 
lewd People, calling themselves Egyptians, they forfeit 407. 
1749 Fiecpinc Tom ones xii, A company of Egyptians, or 
as they are vulgarly called, gipsies. 

3. pl. In recent use= Egyptian stocks: securities 
issued by the Egyptian government. 

Hence Egy'ptianize v. a. 7ztr., to act like an 
Egyptian ; to adopt Egyptian practices; b. ¢rans., 
to make like an Egyptian or the Egyptians. 
Egy ptianized ///. a. Egy ptianism, Egyptian 
characteristics, inclination to Egyptian customs. 

1664 H. More Myst. /nig. vi. 17 It was... wickedness... 
to #gyptianize in the adoration of the God of Israel. 1827 
G.S. Faser Exfpiat. Sacrif. 268 God’s condescension to 
the Egyptianism of the Israelites. 1847 Grote Greece 1. 
xx. III. 442 ‘This dynasty [Psammetichus’s] had too little of 
pure Egyptianism in them to find favour with the priests. 
1851 H. Torrens in Yrnd. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 9 The exist- 
ence of an Egyptianised race. 

Evgyptize, v. nonce-wd. [f. Eaypr + -1ZE.] 
tntr. To refer things to Egyptian sources. 

1854 Keicuttey Alythol. Auc. Greece & It. (ed. 3) 408 
Little given as we are to Egyptising. : 

Egy'ptologue. vare. [a. Fr. Egyftologue ; 
cf, next.} = EGyProLoGistT. 

1856 Sat. Rev. II. 419/1 The famous Egyptologue, the 
Vicomte de Rougé. 1859 /ééd. VIII. 401/2 Many writers on 
Greek mythology, to say nothing of professed Egyptologues. 

Egyptology (dziptglodzi). [f. as if ad. Gr. 
*aiyumtodoyia, f. Aiyuntos Egypt + -Aoyia dis- 
coursing (see -LoGy).] The study of Egyptian 
antiquities, of the ancient Egyptian language and 
history. Hence Egypto‘loger = EGyproLogisr. 
Egyptolo‘gical a., pertaining to, concerned with, 
or devoted to Egyptology. Egypto-logist, one 
versed in the study of Egyptian antiquities. 

1859 Grecory Egyft I. 37 The name Sesortesen .. recent 
Egyptologists are..unanimous in maintaining. 1862 Sat. 
Rev. & Feb. 162 Egyptology, he [Sir George Lewis] says, 
has an historical method of its own. 1864 Prazzi SmyTH 
Our Inher. Gt. Pyramid v. xxii. (1874) 418 By the sadly 
Egyptological Baron Bunsen. 1873 Geikte Gt. /ce Age 
ii. 14 Hieroglyphics are to the gyptologist—the silent .. 
records of an age long passed away. 1876 GLADSTONE 
Homeric Synchr. 210 The key afforded by the researches 
of Egyptology, 1876 Trans. Victoria Inst. 22 The histori- 
cal discoveries of the earlier Egyptologers were for a time 
arrayed against Revelation. 1882 Academy No. 513. 150 
Mr. O. modestly disclaims all Egyptological pretensions. 

Egyr, obs. form of Eacrr. 

Egyrmonye, obs. var. of AGRIMONY. 

Eyathe, obs. form of Ear. 

Be, obs. f. of AWE, EYE. 

Eh (2, 2), zz¢. [repr. an exclamation of instine- 
tive origin; ME. had Ey; the mod. spelling may 
be after Fr. e#, though it might have suggested 
itself independently.] 

1. An ejaculation of sorrow. Cf. AH 1. 

1567 Triall Treas. in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 281 Eh, they 
have used me with too much villainy. : 

2. An interjectional interrogative particle; often 
inviting assent to the sentiment expressed. 

1773 GoLpsm. Stoops to Cong. u. i, Wasn't it lucky, eh? 
88 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master vi. 132 What have I brought 
you here for—eh? 1859 Carern Ball. & Songs 68 You are 
joking, Jesse, eh? 1867 E. WaucH Owd Blanket iii. 61 
(Lanc. Gloss.) Eh, iv that blanket could talk, Ailse, it could 
oather make folk laugh or cry ! po B. Briertey Bundle 
o’ Fents i. 31 (Lanc, Gloss.) ‘Eh, whatever is ther’ t’ do?’ 
hoo shrikt eawt. zB 

Hence Eh v. znzr., to say ‘ Eh! 

1824 Scorr Redgauntlet vii, The former ha’d, eh’d, 

Ehe, ehelid, ehsihSo, ehthurl, obs. forms 
of Eyr, EyE-. 

Ehlite (2 leit). An. [f. £47, local name (see 
quot.) +-1TE.] A variety of Pseudomalachite. 

1868 Dana Min. s.v. Pseudomalachite, Ehlite of Breit- 
haupt. Occurs in veins at Ehl near Lenz on the Rhine. 

Ehrenbergite (frénbesgsit). Min. [f. the 
surname Lhrenberg+-1tE.] A species of Cimo- 
LITE, 

1868 Dana Min. s.v. Cimolite, Ehrenbergite occurs in 
clefts in trachyte at the quarries of Steinchen. 

Ehte, obs. form of Aucut, property. 

Ehyt, obs. form of Eat vz. 

Hi, ME. contracted form of Any. 


EICASTIC. 


+ Bica‘stic, ¢. Obs. rare. [ad. Gr. eixaorixds, 
f. <r to liken, portray.] Imitative. 

1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. ut. i. 295 Eicastick Art or Skill 
in Imitation: whence also Eicastik Poesie receeved its 
origination. . because its main use lies in framing Images, 


ig rep P or Things. 

Bich(e, obs. var. of Eack. 

Hiconie, var. of Iconic. 

Eicosihedron, obs. form of IcoSAHEDRON. 

Eident (eidént), a. Sc. Also 6 ydant, 8 
eydent. [Variant of earlier YrHanp, prob. an 
altered form of northern ME. apen (a. ON. inn, 
idinn ‘assiduous, diligent’, Vigf.), perh. assimi- 
lated to pr. pples. in -avd.] Diligent, industrious, 
busy ; also attentive Zo. Cf. YTHAND. 

1591 R. Bruce Serm. vi. O iij, The soules of the Sanctes 
departed ar mair ydant in this exercise [of praise] then when 
they wer aliue. @1774 Fercusson Farmer's Ingle Poems 
(1845) 36 Wad they [gentler gabs] to labouring lend an 
eident d. 1807-10 TANNAHILL Poems (1846) 12 The lad 
.. Was eident ay, and deftly hel’ the B wy, oe 1816 Scotr 
Old Mort. iv, ‘ Be eident and civil to them baith.’ ; 

Eider (eida1), sb. Also 8-9 edder. [Ulti- 
mately a. Icel. 2Jar (pron. aidar), genit. of #d-r 
eider-duck, in the comb. a#ar-diin eider-down. 
The continental forms, Sw. + cider, now ejder (-gas), 
Da. eder(-fugl), Ger. eider(-ente), are similarly 
adopted from. Icel. The present Eng. <s is 
probably from the Sw. used by Von Troil.] 

1. A species of duck, Somateria mollissima, 
abundant in the Arctic regions, that lines its 
nest with Ermer-pown; also, A’ng-eider (So- 
materia spectabilis). Chiefly attrib., as in eider- 
bird, -duck, EXDER-DOWN. 

1743 in PAil. Trans. XLII. 612 Amongst the Sea-birds 
are the Edder, Ducks of Three Kinds. 1780 Von Troit 
Iceland 143 The eider-bird is yet more useful to the natives. 
1852 D. Moir Fow/er viii, The eider ducks, With their wild 
eyes, and necks of changeful blue. 1863 Kincstey Water- 
Bab. 269 Swans and brantgeese, harlequins and eiders. 186: 
Spring Lapl. 384 The king eider and Barrow’s Icelan 
duck are only occasionally seen in the autumn. 

2. The down itself. 

1766 Pennant Zool. (1812) II. 243 The down known by 
the name of Eider or Edder which these birds furnish. 

3. attrib. or adj. Resembling eider-down. 

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. u. 18 Sleep protects him with 
his eider wings. 1848 KincsLey Saint's Trag. ut. ii. 259 
Beneath her eider robe the. .earth Watches. .for the sun. 

Ei‘der-down. [ultimately a. Icel. adar-diin : 
see Erper and Down sé.2; the Icel. word has 
been adopted as Sw. ejder-dun, Da. eder-duun, 
Ger. ederdon, Fr. édredon.]} 

1. The small soft feathers from the breast of the 
eider duck. Also a/trid. 

1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist, (1776) VI. 125 In this number 
we may reckon the Eider-down. 1804 Cr. Rumrorp in 
Phil. Trans. XCIV. 85 Having its two ends well covered 
up with eider-down. 1856 Kane A rct. Expl. 11. xvi. 167 All 
whe could work, even at picking over eider-down. 1859 W. 
Cottins Q. of Hearts (1875) 17 You top up with a sweet 
little eider-down quilt, as light as roses. 

2. =eider-down quilt. 

Eidograph (ai'ddgraf). [f. Gr. €f60-s form + 
ypapew to sketch.] (See quot.) 

1801 Hutton Course Math. (1828) 11. 81 Professor Wal- 
lace’s eidograph may advantageously employed. 1869 
Eng. Mech. 3 Dec. 288/1 The eidograph is a correct instru- 
ment for enlarging or reducing drawings. 

|| Eidolon (aidou'lgn). P/. sometimes -a. [a. Gr. 
ei5wdov (see IpoL, IpoLuM) image, spectre, phan- 
tom.] An unsubstantial image, spectre, phantom. 

1828 CartyLe Misc. (8) I. 137 Flying through the air, 
and living..with mere Eidolons. i830 Scorr p erode i. 
36 Calling up his eidolon in the hall of his former greatness. 
ay Por Dreamland, An Eidolon named Night On a 
black throne reigns iy ge 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems 
II. 155 How Ulysses left the sunlight For the pale eidola 
race. 1875 B. TayLor Faust I. xxi. 193 It y+ od shape, 
a lifeless eidolon. 1876 Lowett Am my Bks. Ser. u. 
(1873) 174 No real giant, but a pure eidolon of the mind. 

b. Optics. 

1881 G. R. Piccorr in Nature No. 622. 515 If [the ob- 
jects are] transparent..strange eidola are generated diffi- 
cult of interpretation and dispersion. 

Hence Bidolic a., of the nature of an eidolon. 


1825 Mar. Epcewortu Frank (Sequel) (ed. 2) Il. Ly 


s+ ing the mind, 
as the eidouranion lecturers have it, to sublime contem- 
plations. 


Bidyll, -ie, var. of Ipy.1, -10. 

Bie, obs. form of Any, Awg, Eryx. 

BHiffule, obs. form of Awrut. 

Eigh (2), int. dial, [cf. En, Ey.] An ex- 
clamation expressing wonder or asseveration. 


*® 


62 


1750 J. Cottier (Tim Bobbin) Wés. (1819) 54 Mary. Is 
Serots o’ Rutchots so honsome? Jim. Ei, yond mosterty, 

an expression of sudden delight. 
. Tennant Auster F. vy. i, Eigh! I 


would kiss them. 1867 J. P. Morris Selby Beck 5 
(Lanc. Gloss.) Eigh, ther’s many a million on "em. 


i he, obs. form of AWE. 

Eight (é't), a. and st. Forms: a. 1 ahta, 
eahta, ehte, 2 ehte, (Orm.) ehhte, 3 ehte, eahte, 
3-5 eyst(e, ei3-, eih-, eyhte, (3 e3te, eyth), 4-6 
eyght(e, (4 eheit, heyt, eyt, sit(t, 5 eght,eysthe), 
6- eight. 8. 3-5 acht, aght, a3t(e, aht(e, Sc. 
auht(e, 5 Sc. awcht, 4- Sc. aucht, 6-Sc. aught. 

Com. Tent, and : OE. ahta, eahta, xhte, 

orthumb. #hto, = OF ris. achta, achte, acht, OS. 
ahto (Du. acht), OHG. ahto (MHG. ahte, mod.G. 
acht), ON. (*ahta) dtta (Sw. atta, Da. otte), Goth. 
ahtau; cf. L. octo, Gr. dxrm, Olr. ocht, Lith. 
asztini, Skr. ashtdu.] 

The cardinal numeral next after seven, repre- 
sented by the symbols 8 or viii. 

1. In concord with sb. expressed. 

Beowulf 2075 (Th.) Heht da. .eahta mearas..on flet teon. 
a1000 Menologium 33 (Gr.) Pas emb ahta and nizon Do- 
gera rimes. 1070 O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) Turold abbot 
and zxhte sipe twenti Frencisce men mid him, ¢ 1200 Ormin 
4327 Rihht ehhte sipe an hunndredd. a rzag Ancr. RX. Pref. 
23 This an Boc is todealet in eahte lesse Boke. 
Gtouc. (1810) 385 As in pe 3er of ¢ a bousend 3er yt was 
And four score & ey3te. a 1300 Cursor M. 188 He heled on 
al vnfere Pat seke was thritte and aht yeir. 1375 Barsour 
Bruce x1. 523 Aucht hundreth armyt, I trow, thai weir. 
14258 Wyntoun Cron. vi. viii. 104 Aucht hundyr wynter 
and seventy. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymion 210, I shall 
make them to be accompanyed of eyghte erles. 1513-75 
Diurn, Occurr. (1833) 10 In the year of God j™, ve. twantie 
aucht yeiris. 1g4x Eryor /mage Gov. (1549) 80 In eight 
the first yeeres of his empire. 1631 Mitton Epit. Mchuness. 
Winchester 7 Summers three times eight save one She had 
told. a1758 Ramsay Poems (1844) 83 Twa times aught 
bannacks in a heap. 1738 Pore Prof. Sat. 182 The Er 
strains from hard-bound brains, eight lines a year. 1885 
Batu Story of the Heavens 146 An interval of eight years. 

b. (An) eight days = a week. 

c1160 Hatton Gosp. John xx. 26 Efter ehte [c 1000 eahta] 
dazen hys leorning-cnihtes wren inne. 1340 Ayend. 45 
Na3t uor ane monbe ne to e3te dayes: ac ine one zelue 
day. 161 Biste Lue ix. 28 About an eight dayes after 
these sayings. 1664 Evetyn Aad. Hort. (1729) 194 Eight 
Days after, prick them forth at distances. 

2. With ellipsis of sb., which may usually be 
supplied from context. 

¢1205 Lay. 26502 Per achte per nijene. axza25 Ancr. R. 
334 Al bene world, bute eihte i pen arche. c1gag £. E. 
Allit. P. B. 331 pis meyny of a3te I schal saue of monnez 
saulez. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 84 Pe date was a 
pousand & fourscore & auhte. ¢1340 Cursor M. 1927 Zou 

itt haue I forborn..My brode benesoun I 30u 3yue. ¢ 1425 

VynToun Cron. vu. x. 521 For awcht or ten In comowne 
prys sawld wes pen. c1460 Towneley Myst. 13 We, 
pes acht, and neyn, and ten is this. 1 A. Kine tr. 
Canisius’ Catech. 161 b, Our Lords beatitudes..ar rakened 
aught in number as follouis. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer’s F. 
638 Eight that were left to make a purer world. 

b. esp. With omission of hours; as eight o 
clock, etc. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry W. m1. iii. 210 Let him be sent for to- 
morrow, eight a clocke to haue amends. 1601 — 7wel. N. 
v. i. 205 His eyes were set at eight i’th’ morning. 1710 
Sreete Zatler No. 263 P1, I went to see him.. about 
Eight a Clock in the Evening. Mod. We breakfast at eight. 

c. Prosody. Jz eight and six (four, etc.): in 


1297 R. 


lines alternately consisting of those numbers of 


syllables. See B. 2 d. 
1590 Suaxs. Mids, N. 11. i. 25 It shall be written in eight 
and sixe. 


ht. 

8. Coupled with a higher cardinal or ordinal 
numeral following, so as to form a compound 
(cardinal or ordinal) numeral. 

1579 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 485 The eight and fortieth 
Chapter abideth in the exposition of the same text. | 
Torseit Four-/, Beasts 259 Every year, upon the ei, 
twenty day of August, they observe a solemn feast. 1832 
Manryat NV. Foster xxii, D—n your eight-and-twenties ! 

B. as sd. 

1. The abstract number eight. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. exxi. (1 oe One 
doo to seuen makyth the nombre of eyghte. ILFORD 
in Asiat. Res. VIII. 289 is a fortunate number 
among the Hindus: eight among the Baudd’hi 

2. A set of eight persons or things. 

a. Card-playing. A card seme. with eight 
pips. 

F , Otto, th ber of eight, t th 

c : se Corton Compl. Camasterta ghee Conds 
341. Then he plays his eight of hearts. “pa 

b. The crew of a rowing boat, consisting of 
eight oarsmen. Zhe Fights: boat-races at the 
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge between the 


Pe ee Fe ee 


EIGHTEEN. 
boats of the different colleges, which take place in 
the Summer Term. Hence Rights Week. 


Pe Gee Lond. News 28 Aug. 142/1, I rowed in a 
‘eight’. M. Co Mrq. & Merch. Li. 
Fis -cochd’ not ba Reese ts ba Ook of toe OLIGO 


¢. Bibliography. Jn eights: an expression in- 
dicating the number of leaves in a sheet of an 
early printed book. 

Bibliogr. s.v. rt 
eri et 
Rolland’s Crt. Venus Introd. 31 It is a quarto, and con- 
= of yh in eights. ¢ re es Cat., —— 

Fh has Fadl ren sg + Sigs. ’ ts, except 
etre. /n eights: in lines of eight syllables. 
So Jn eights and sixes ( fours, etc.): in alternate 
lines of those lengths. Chiefly said of hymns. 
3. The figure (8) representing this number ; hence 
anything in the form of an 8; esp. a figure made 


on the ice in skating. Also figure (of) eight; 
sometimes attrib. 

Dexxer Ants. Conjur. (1842) 15 All our courses are 

of eight. 1842 meveet Ee ic 10 Cutting eights 


but igh! 

that u the A 

§ Engl. Gas The taricecepeased sight, the eight. ame 
dred and eighty and eight. cx860 H. Stuart 's 
Catech. 1 What is a figure of eight knot used for? 1876 A. 
ARNOLD uy hued in ps ie Je ae is = 
tosee a uropean 

yee 1887 Cornk. Mag Max 255 They Guaeed & figure 

chain, 

C. Comd., as eight-angled, -celled, - sided, 
threaded adjs.; combined with sbs. forming adjs. 
of dimension, etc., as eight-inch, -line, -penny; 
eight-day adj., -fold adj. and adv.; eight-day 
clock, a clock that goes for eight days without 
winding up; eight-oar a. (of a boat), manned by 
eight rowers ; also as sb. ; eight-shaft, a kind of 
corded fabric; eightsman, one of the crew of an 
eight-oar. (Hight pence is almost always written 
as one word, usu. without hyphen.) 


1656 Ducarp Gate Lat. Unt. 155 A Dys four-square 
though six-sided, and *eight onghed. 1882 Vines Sachs’ 
Bot. : The neck appears to form. .an “eight-celled rosette. 
1836 Dickens Sk. Boz ii, He took to pieces the *eight-day . 
clock. 1866 Howe tts Venet. Life xviii. 278 Little eight- 


tons. AU Y. Round 

inch cast-iron gun. .is aboutah 

Early Pop. Poetry WV. 19 In four *eight-li 

Kwicut Dict. Mech., *Eight-line Pica. At 

has eight times the length of pica. 

Locke xii. (1874) 105 An *eight-oar la: 

1862 Sat, Rev. 15 Mar. 300 1f Mr. Urquhart 
Turkish 


— apg = —— . ae ight. 
1 naks. 1 Hen, 1V, mi, iii. 11 some 

penny matter. Lond, Gaz. No. 1348/4 Eight 

of Eight- . €1Bso Rudim. 

(Weale) 135 Nails sorts 10, 24, 30, and 

nails. — L'pool Frni. 4 July 1/2 A great Stock 

tians, in 

excellent Cords nooKe Introd. Crystallogr. 


. 1823 H. J. B 
A series of double *eight-sided might result 
fon class A, i, and &. ied pyre ae 


Kighte, eizte, obs. ff. Avoxt, J 
Eighteen (c'tin, étin), a. 5 


EIGHTEENER. 


2. quasi-sh. = eighteen-pounder (sce 3). 
Marrvat P. Simple xvii, We took a seat upon the 
long eighteen, . S 

3. Comb. Zighteen-headed, -tailed adjs.; eigh- 
teen-knot a., (a vessel) capable of going eighteen 
knots in an hour; eighteen-penny a., that is 
worth or costs eighteen- pence; also quasi-sd. ; 
eighteen-pounder, a gun throwing a shot that 
weighs eighteen pounds. (Lighteen pence is often 
written as one word, with or without hyphen.) 

1766 Suarp in Phil. Trans. LVII. 84 This has been used 
many years in St. Bartholomew's pong), instead of the 
old hteen-headed bandage. 1817 Cospet Pol. Reg. 8 
Feb. 168 Having an “*eighteen-penny-piece put into his 
hand. 1859 Sata 7w. round Clock (1861) 14 Rinpeon's te 
ee peany fish ordinary. 1 H. R. Hawets in 
Gentl. Mag. July 47, 1 proceeded to elicit from the red 
ei Tigi eo [fiddle] all it had to give. 1876 Bancrorr 
Hist. U.S. V. x. 443 The vessel of war suffered severely 
from two *eighteen-pounders on the Jersey shore. 1884 
Pall Mall G. 13 Nov. 4/2 Exposed to any hostile Power 
with an *18-knot cruiser. 1748 SmotLett Rod. Rand. 
xxviii, (1804) 191 We dressed the wound, and applied the 
*ei hteen-tailed bandage. 

hteener (citz‘no1). [f. E1GHTEEN + -ER.] 
A cask holding 18 gallons. 

1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl 11. 117 He finds. .our Steven 
wi’ two eighteeners. . 7 

Eightee'nmo. [English reading ofthe symbol 
18mo for OcropxEcIMo ; cf. ¢welvemo, sixteenmo.] 
Used collog. in the book trades for OcropEcIMo, 

1858 in Simmonps Dict. Trade. 

Eighteenth (citz-np, 2tznp), a. Forms (see 
EIcHT) +1 -tuSa, -te3a, -téoB8a (fem. neut. Be), 
3 -tepe, -tenthe, 4 -teope, 6 -tenth, 6- -teenth ; 
from 6- the ¢ of eight has been dropped, though 
some dialects still retain it in pronunciation. 

OE. eahtatéoda, f. eahta, E1cut + téoda tenth; cf. 

IN. dttjdndi; in the other OldTeut. langs. this 
numeral is not recorded. The mod. form is f. 
EIGHTEEN + -TH (after FourtH) which has become 
the ordinal suffix for all numerals above 3.] 

Next in order after the seventeenth. Hence 
Hightee'nthly adv., in the eighteenth place. 

c893 K. AELrrep Ores. v1. ii. § 3 On bem eahteteoban 
geare his [Tiberius’] rices .. rea micel peosternes ofer 
eallne middangeard. 1258 Procl. Hen. [11 (ed. Ellis 1868) 
Witnesse vs seluen zt Lundzn pane e3tetenbe day on the 
Monbe of Octobr. 1297 R. Grouc. (1810) 436 po deyde 
Mol s god quene, enlene hondred 3er And ey3tebe 
after pat God anerpe aly3te her. cx3og St. Swithin 5 in 
E. E. P. (1862) 43 get king. 1530 PAtsGR. 372 
Dixhuitiesme, eyghtenth. 1579 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 
192 The eighteenth Chapter beginneth the exposition. 161x 
Biste 1 Kings xv. 1 In the eighteenth yeere of king Iero- 
boam. 1872 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 4 Voltairism may stand 
for the name of the Renaissance of the eighteenth century. 

1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts ut. (1704) 322/2 
Eighteenthly, That One of the Three Officers do. .reside at 
Chatham. 168: H. More £xf. Dan. App. iii. 303 Eigh- 
teenthly, why .. should the name. .be said to be written ? 

Eighth (éitp), a. and sd. Forms: eahto8a, 
eah-, ehteSa- (late WS. also eahteoSa), 1-3 
eah-, ehtuSa, -Se, 3 eihteoB’e, -tuBe, eg-, 
ehteSe, 3-4 ei3teSe, -ipe, a3tpe, 5 eghtid, 
eyted, 7— éighth: from 3- the forms are often 
identical with those of the cardinal, 3 ei3t, 4 
e3te, heyt, aght, 5 eght, 5-6 eyght, 6 awght, 
ayghte, 5-9 eight, Sc. aucht. [OE. eahtoja= 
OHG. ahtodo (MHG. ahtode, ahtede, ahte, mod.G. 
achte) repr. OTeut. type ahto'pon-, f. *ahtau, *ahtd 
Ereut (The OS. ahtodo, Goth. ahtuda represent 
a type *a-htoaon-, the result of accent-shifting or 
of analogy; for the OFris. and ON, forms see 
EIGHTIN. 

A. adj. 

1. That comes next in order to the seventh. 

axo00 Menologium 3 (Gr.) Crist wes ..on py eahteo- 
San deg Helend gehaten. crooo Sax. Leechd. Il. 298 
Eahtope is bes stanes en, pat, etc. c1175 Lamb. 
Hom, 8x Pet me sculde in pe ehtupe dei pet knaue child 
embsniben, ax122g Ancr. R. 144 Pe eihtude pinc is hu 
muchel is be mede ide blisse of heouene. a 1300 Signs be- 
ors ade . 113 in EZ. E, P. (1862) 10 pe eizt dai so is dotus 
and wel pou salt se. a 1300 Cursor M. 29310 pe aght 
case falles all et any witchecraft gers bigyn. 138. 
Wyvcur Serm, Sel, s. II. 267 Pe eiz3tipe condicioun, ¢ 1400 
Destr. Troy 6222 The Eghtid Batell in the burgh [was] 
Vnder Serces..the souerain of Perce. 1477 Norton Ord. 
Alch, vi. in Ashm, (1652) 100 The vertue of the Eight sphere. 
1535. CoverDALe 1 Kings viii. 66 And on the eight daye he 
let the — go. 1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 11 
The rycht keping of the aucht command. 1605 Heywoop 
Lf you know not me Wks. 1874 1. 207 If it be treason To be 

daughter to th’ eight Henry, I am a traitor. 1609 
Br. Hart Disswas. Poperie (1627) 635 Let him_heare 
Origen, what he answers, in the eight volume of his Expla- 
nations of Esay. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 194 The 
sixth, eighth or tenth day. 1788 Grnson Deci. § F. liii. 
(1838) V. 266 But the seventh and eighth centuries were a 
of discord and darkness. 1887 Gray's Anat. (ed. 

11) 667 The eighth or auditory nerve. a 

b. With ellipsis of sb., to be supplied from 
context. Also in dates, with ellipsis of day (of 


the month). 

a1000 Guthlac 1010 (Gr.) Min feorh heonan On pisse 
eahtedan [nihte] ende zeseced. 1297 R. Grouc. (1810) 473 
The eiztethe was, that .. citacion non nere Thoru bulle of 


63 


the pope. c 132g Z. EZ. Adlit, P. A. roro Pe a3tbe be beryl 
cler & quyt. a@1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 83 The eyted ts 
contempt of veyn glory in us. cxqo0o Afol. Lol. 77 Pe 
heyt. Crist biddip in be gospel to His vicar, turn be swerd 
in to be scheb. 1526 TinpALE Rev, xxi. 20 The ayghte 
berall. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 183 The awght 
is meiknes quhilk assuages and mitigats al angrie motions 
of ire. 1642 Cuas. I. Answ. Petit. Pres, at York 18 Apr. 
x Our Message of the eighth of April. 1647 Litty Ch. 
Astrol. xliv. 257 When the Lord of the Ascendant is .. in 
the Antiscion of the Lord of the eighth. 1 Mitton 
P. L.1x. 67 The space of seven continu’d Nights he [Satan] 
rode With darkness..On the eighth return’d. 1861 RAmsay 
Remin. Ser. u. 181 She answered them..‘The tongue no 
ve can tame.. James Third and Aucht’, and drank off her 
glass. 

2. Eighth part: one of eight equal parts into 
which a quantity may be divided. 

1523 Lp. Berners Fvoiss. I. cxxvii. 154 He had nat the 
eyght part in nombre of men as the frenche kynge had. 
1571 Diccres Pantom. 1. ix. R ij, An eight part of the great 
Pyramis HIK, 1660 Boome A7chit. A. c, One eight part 
of the thicknesse. 

B. sé. 1. = eighth part. See A. 2. 

1557 Recorve Whetst. Bijb, An eight more. 1747 J. 
Lino Lett. Navy i. (1757) 23 The commander in chief is to 
have one half of the eight. 1842 Pricuarp Nat. Hist. Man 
gor The Muskhoyees form seven eighths of what is termed 
the Creek Confederacy. 

b. Mil. ZLighth-wheel, when a body of troops 
revolves upon its centre or one of its ends to the 
extent of one-eighth part of a circle. 

1796 Instr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 110 The eighth wheel is 
toward the flank which is to be the head of the column .. 
Advantage will arise if the eighth wheel is made on the 
center of each body. /éd. 130 According to the degree 
ordered, whether half, quarter, or eighth wheel. 

+2. Music.=Octave. Obs. a, An interval of 
seven notes of the diatonic scale. 

1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. 79 A third, a Fift, a Sixt, and an 
eight. 1652 News fr. Lowe-Countr. 8 He.. Knows Thirds, 
Fifths, Eights, Rests, Moods, and Time. 1694 PAi/. Trans. 
XVIII. 73 He next Observes, that all Progressions by Con- 
cords, except by Eighths, produce Discord. 1706 A. Bep- 
ForD Temple Mus. ii. 54 They sang the.. Part an Eighth, 
or Seven Notes higher than the Men. 

b. The note separated from any given one 
above or below by an interval of an eighth. 

1609 Doutann Ornith. Microl. 15 In b fa 9 mi, and his 
eight, you may not sing mi for fa. 1674 PLayrorp Sk7// 
Mus.1.i. 3 Which will be the same, and only eights to 
those above. 1685 BoyLe Effects of Mot. vii. 88, I made 
him raise his Voice to an Eighth. 

Eighthly (étpli), adv. Also 6-7 eightly. 
[f. EicutuH +-Ly2.] In the eighth place. 

1579 Furxe Refut. Rastel 770 Eightly, that images were 
not set vp to be worshiped. 1607 ‘TorseLt Four-/, Beasts 
2t Eightly, a woman dissembling her pregnancy. 1648 D. 
pennies Wks. 38 Eightly, We maintaine that the King is 

ing by an inherent birth-right. 168x H. More £-xf. Dan. 
App. iii. 298 Eighthly, If any demand why it is said to, etc. 

Eightieth (é‘tiép), a. (sd.) Also 4 eiztithe, 
6 eyghteth. [f. Eicury: see -TH.] The ordinal 
numeral answering to the cardinal Ha pak 

1382 Wycuir 2 Macc. i. 10 In the hundred 3eer and ei3te 
and ei3tithe. 1530 PatsGr. 372 Octantiesme, eyghteth. 
1867 Denison Astron. without Math. 176 Our moon is 
nearly one eightieth of the earth. 

Ei‘ghtsome, @. or adv. Obs. exc. Sc. Also 
4 a3t-sum, [f. on the analogy of OE. phrases like 
syxa sum one of six, where the numeral is in 
genit. pl. See Ercur and Som, and cf. Sc. twa- 
some, threesome.] 

Eight together. Hightsome-reel (after foursome), 
a kind of dance in which eight persons take part. 

c1325 £. LE. Allit. P. B. 411 Hym a3t-sum in bat ark as 
abel god lyked. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIII. 615 The eight- 
some-reel of the heptarchy became the pas-seul of the king- 
dom of England. 

Ei-ght-squa‘re. Ods. exc. Naut. [f. Eicur + 
Square, after the logically correct four-sguare ; 
cf. three-square.| Waving eight equal sides; in 
the form of a regular octagon, octagonal. 

1538 Levanp /¢in. I. 53 The work is 8-square. 1598 Hax- 
tuyt Voy. 11. 1. 104 It was eight square and very thicke. 
1680 Lond. Gaz. No. 1499/4 A small eight-square Watch. 
1710 /bid. No. 4748/4 Two Silver polished Candlesticks eight 
square. c1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 75 All yards 
are made eight-square in the centre. 

quasi-adv, x679. Prior Staffordsh. (1686) 369 The tower 
of the Church of Dilhorn, .is somewhat remarkable, it being 
built eight square. 1682 WHELER Fourn. Greece Vv. 395 
He built a Tower eight square of Marble. cx850 Rudim. 
Navig. (Weale) 114 A short beam, .trimmed eight-square. 

Hence Bight-square sé., an octagonal figure ; 
Eight-square v., to fashion into octagonal shape. 

1794 Rigging § Seamansh, 1. 2t A straight line is then 
struck..and the eight-square lined fromit. 737d. 20 The 
. side is then canted up and eight-squared. 


+ Eightin, cz. Os. Forms: 3 e3ten(e)de, 
ehtende, (Ovm.) ehhtennde, 4 eyh-. eytand, 
-end, aighteden, agt-, aghtand(e, -end, aghten, 
achtande, aughtene, 5 heghten, auchtand, 6 
egh-, ey3-, eyhtyn(e, eighytyn, auchtane, -in. 
[rhe northern form of ErcuTH; perh, of Scan- 

inavian origin; cf. ON. (*ahtund?) dttundi; the 
intrusive 2, due to the analogy of seventh (cf. 


ONorthumb. seofunda), occurs also in OFris. ach- 
| tunda.] = Erenrn. 


EILEBER. 


c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 On pe ehtende dai after be 
childes burde, be frend shopen pe child name, c12go Gen. 
§ Ex, 2543 De e3tenede king amonaphis, Agenes dis folc 
hatel is. a 1300 Cursor M. 9169 pe eyhtand sibile bigan to 
rise. /é7d. 10573 Of decembre pe aghten dai Was sco 
geten. c1340 HampoLe Prose Tr. (1866) 11 The aughtene 
commandement es that ‘thou sall noghte bere false wyttnes 
agaynes thi neghteboure’. c1440 M/elayne 828 All solde 
come..By the heghten day at none. 1522 Jest. Ebor. 
(Surtees) V. 150, I will that my executrix..make an eghtyn 
day honestly forme. 1558 LynpEsay Dremze 531 The sewint 
[is callit] Thronus, the auchtin, Cherubin. 

b. Comb. + eightin-dele, -dole [/t. eighth 
part]: an obsolete measure of capacity. 

(Wey in Promp. Parv. says ‘4 of acoom’=16 quarts; the 
haughendo, aghendole of Lancashire may be the same word, 
though identified with Hatvenveat by the editors of Lavc. 
Gloss. (E. D. S.), who quote conflicting explanations of it 
as ‘7 quarts’, ‘8 pounds’.) 

1440 Promp. Parv. 137 Ey3tyndele, mesure, 1887 Rocrrs 
Agric. §& Prices V. 323 At Gawthorp..Shuttleworth pays 
6d. for an eightendole. 

Eighty (é'ti), z.(sd.) Forms: 1 (hund)eah- 
tatiz, -ehtatiz, -ehtatiz, -eahtiz, 3-4 ei3teti, 
5 ey3ty, 6 eyghty, eightie, 6- eighty. [OE. 
hundeahtatzg, f. hund- (prefix to the denary 
numerals; see HUNDRED) + eahta EIGHT + -¢7z :— 
OTeut. */ig7w7z plur. of */egu-z decade (see -TY).] 

1. The cardinal number equal to eight tens, 
represented by 80 or Ixxx. Also with omission of 
sb. and in comb. with numbers below ten (ordinal 
and cardinal), as ezghty-one, eighty-first, etc. 

c 82s Vesp. Psalter \xxxix. [xc.] 10 In mahtum hundzhta- 
tizges zera. — O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) Introd., Gaius 
Tulius Romana Kasero mid hund ehtatigum scipum zesohte 
Brytene. 1297 R. Grouc. (1810) 478 Endleue hundred 3er 
of grace, & ei3teti & thre. 1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 349 
Auchty thousand he wes and ma, 1382 Wyctir /sa. xxxvii. 
36 The aungil of the Lord smot in the tentus of Assiries an 
hundrid and fyue and eizteti thousend. c1440 Prom. 
Parv. 137 Ey3ty, octoginta. 1530 Patscr. 367 Octante, 
eyghty, Ixxx. 1594 SHaxs. Rich. ///, 1v. i. 96 Eightie 
odde yeeres of sorrow haue I seene. 1655 Futter Ch. 
Hist. 1x. 187 Mr. Fox fore-told the ruine and destruction of 
the Invincible (so called) Armado in the eighty eight. 1771 
Rarer in Phil. Trans. LXI. 533 When the Romans began 
to coin gold, it did not exceed the eighty-fourth part of their 
Pound. 1717 Rosertson /7/ist. Amer. (1783) Il. 217 In the 
year one thousand four hundred and eighty-five. 1872 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 47 Aspasia, now over eighty. 

2. quasi-sd. a, The age of eighty years. b. Zhe 
eighties: the years between eighty and ninety in 
a particular century. 

1835 E. Extiot Poems 221 He stoop'd no more, like tooth- 
less eighty. 1883 Sretey Expansion of Eng. 260 Adam 
Smith, writing in the eighties. 

3. Comb., as in etghty-gun ship. 

1747 J. Linp Lett. Navy i. (1757) 30, I have known some 
gentlemen captains of eighty gun ships, who.. were not 
old enough to be lieutenants. 1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine 
(1789) Hhijb, The 80-gun ships.. begin to grow out of 
repute, 

Eigne (én), a. Zaw. [corrupt spelling of AYNE, 
ad. Fr. afné.] First-born, eldest ; see AYNE. 

1586 Frerne Blaz. Gentrie 286 Hee hath issue a sonne 
naturall by a concubine and after marryeth the same concu- 
bine, him the lawyers of Englande, call a Bastarde eigne. 
1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 253 Where there be many of 
one name, diuersitie of the names must be put by addition of 
eigne, puisne, etc. 1677 Wycuertey Pd. Dealer iv.i, Thou 
art not so much as Bastard eigne. 1809 Tomtins Law 
Dict., Eigne, eldest or first-born; as bastard eigne. 

b. Ligne title: a prior, superior title. Zzgne 
estate: one that is entailed. 

1619 Datton Countr. F¥ust. \xxxiii. (1630) 213 By reason 
of the eigne title of the disseisee. c 1640 J. SMytH Hundred 
of Berkeley (1885) 264 Hee was remitted to his eigne estate 
taile, to him and to the heires males of his body. 

Higrette, obs. var. of AIGRETTE 2. 

1765 Foote Commissary 1.i, Take care of the eigrette, 
leave the watch upon the table. 


Bik (zk). Se. 

1. ‘The liniment used for greasing sheep’ (Jam.). 

2. ‘A sort of unctuous perspiration that oozes 
through the pores of the skin of sheep in warm 
weather (Roxb.) ; often called sheep-eik’ (Jam.). 

164x Parl. Proc. 8 Sept. in Scotch Acts (1870) V. 598 Bi- 
caus the eik and filthines of the samene [wooll] is a great 
prejudice to the workeris thairof. 

Bik, Sc. form of Exe sd. and v. 

Eikon, var. of Icon. 

Bil, obs. form of Arn a. and v, 

Bild (ld), a. Sc. [?var. of YEtD a.] Of a 
cow: Not giving milk, from being in calf, or 
from age. 

1822 W. J. Napier Pract. Store-farming 252 The gim- 
mers giving milk will consume more grass than when eild. 
1837 KHART Scott (1839) VI. 2x No man could guess at 
how large a price Constable had estimated his eild kye. 

Bild, var. Exp, Ods., old age, ELD v. to grow old, 

*Hild, var. of YIELD v., to requite. 

Bildin(g, var. ff. Expr, fuel. 

Bildritch, var. of ELpRicu. 

+ Eileber. Ods. [App. a corrupt form of OE. 
éalifer (?f. éa river + Liver), a plant used as a 
remedy for liver disease and lumbago; ? Water 
Liverwort (Ranunculus aquatilis).] Some plant; 
in Gerard’s ‘ List of names gathered out of antient 


EILLAND. 


aria (#.¢. cate a) om 


I ifer hatte 4 
erbal App. to Hh 1847 in pat Seg 1o8 
in Britren & Hott. 
Bilet, obs. form of Eyverer, 
Bilich, a. Ods., dreadful, terrible: see AWLY. 
+ Eilla‘nd. és. rave.’ Also eillond. [OE. 
¢lland, f. ¢/- (:—OTent. *a/jo- other) + LAND; cf. 
OS. elilendi adj. foreign, OHG. alz-, elilanti 
foreign, of another country, hence wretched (mod. 
G. elena). (The spelling is perh. due to confusion 
with ez/and Istanp.)] A foreign land. 


ee oe ee ee .sceal..el land tredan. a1300° 


Cursor Til eillandes bir pam drou. 

Hilond, obs. form of Istanp. 

Bine, obs. pl. of Eye. 

Hinsent, obs. form of ENCEINTE a. 

Einsi3t, ‘obs. var. of EYESIGHT. 

Birack (?:rek, iv tak). Sc. Also earack, ea-, 
ee-, erock. [a. Gael. eireag =Ir. eireog.] A hen 
of the first year. 

1791 A. Witson Laurel Disput. Wks. (1846) 123 Three fat 
eerocks fastened by the legs. 1795 Statist. Acc. XX. 8 (Jam.) 
Eiirack, a chicken. pe ol Wuson in Blackw. Mag. X 
306 A simultaneous charge of cocks, hens, and earocks ! 


Bird, obs. form of EartH; var. Erp, Ods., dwell- 


ing. 

Hirdly, Sc. form of EARTHLY. 

Bir(e, obs. form of Arr, Eyre, HER. 

Hirede, var. ErEDE a., Ods., lacking counsel. 

Eirenarch (ai:r/nask). [ad. Gr. eipnvapyns, f. 
eiphvn peace +4Gpxew to rule. (In English Latin 
eirenarcha is used for ‘justice of the peace’.)] 
An officer charged with preserving the public 
peace. Hence Birena‘rchical a., having the 
function of aneirenarch. Ei‘renarchy (see quot.). 

1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1. 173 The Messias. .is 
also Eirenarchicall, and atones. 1656 Biount Glossogr., 
Ejirenarchy, the office or Government of a Constable, or a 
lustice of the Peace. 1741-1801 Battery, Eirenarch, a 
Justice of the Peace. 1775 in AsH. 1867 PEARSON Early 
4 Mid. Ages Eng. \. 48 Under these, probably, were 
eirenarchs, or village bailiffs. 

[ad. Gr. 


Eirenic, irenic (air7nik), a. rare. 
elpnvixds, f. eipnvn peace.] Tending to or pro- 
nuear of peace. 

N. Amer. Rev. 335 President Porter, in his admir- 
able and irenic opening of this discussion, makes it very 
difficult, for one who follows him. 1885 Ch. Q. Rev. Jan. 
283 The ‘eirenic ’ efforts or aspirations of such divines. 

|| Birenicon (air7nikgn). [ad. Gr. elpnyxdv, 
neut. of eipnvixds; see prec.] A proposal tending to 
make peace ; an attempt to reconcile differences. 

[1656 (¢it/e) Eipnuexdy, a Poeme, wherein is persuaded the 
composing of the differences of all the faithfull.] 1865 
Pusey Truth Eng. CA. (title-page), The Church of England 
a Portion of Christ’s One Fioly Catholic Church, and a 
Means of restoring visible Unit An Eirenicon. 1886 
Pall Mall G. 19 June 1/2 We wait with interest to see Mr. 
Chamberlain's response to the new Eirenicon. 

+ Hi-rant, var. of ERrant, Ods. 

1587 FLEMING Contn. Holinshed Il. 1370/1, A fesse in- 
dented sable charged with foure leuses heads eirant. 

+ Hi-res. Obs. rare—', Some kind of hawk. 
(? Mistake for eyas.) 

Watton Angler (ed. 2) 19 The Eires, the Brancher, 
the ish Hawk, the Haggard and the two sorts of 
Lentners, 


Ei‘rmonger. Oés. [f. eiv-en, ME. pl. of Eaa 
+Moncer.] A dealer in eggs. 

c1305 St. Swithin in Z. £. P. (1862) 45 Mi3te eir- 
—— nou fare so, pe baldelikere hi mizte Huppe ouer 

iches. 

Birn, obs. form of YEARN, 

Hiry, var. of Arry, Erriz, a 

Hise, ? obs. var. of Easy. 

+ Bisel]. Os. Forms: 2-3 aisille, : 
eisil, 3-5 aysel(1, -il, -ylle, (4 aycel, -zell), 4 
aisel, -il, -ylle, (4 aissil, 5 ascill, ass-, asell(e), 
4-7 eisel(1, -ill, eysell(e, -seel, -sil, -syl, -zell, 
5 esylle, -zyl, (4 heysyl, 6 esile), [a. OF, azsz/, 
aissil:—late L. *acétillum, dim, of ac?tum vine- 

.] Vinegar. 

1160 Hatton Gos. Mark "tod an 
eisile. /éid. John he = Da an fll as arg 
Ancr. R. 404 Pis eisil . mine pine. @1a40 
poy in Cott. Hom. 2) NG ondpry leof, .aisille. 

. E. Psalter xviii, 22 [\xix. 21] In mi thriste with 
a rile dranke pai me. 138. Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. 
Let sie fp ny oe pg and pei nolden non but goode 
bab oo on Hush. wo be Ladsiy yee 
fe Alsel ¢ YRC e 
~ eaten Oos F Ag I beseche A take 
The Aisell and Galle. 'x60a SHAKS. Ham. v. 
i, 299 Woo’t drinke vp alle, eate a Crocodile? 1620 VeNNER 
Via Recta vi. 94 Eisell..is also a good sauce. —_ 
INGTON Salerne Regim. 67 Summer-sauce should 


ju eyzell or rag 

+ Bi-sfal. af is. Forms: 1 esesfull, 3 
ful, 2- seis, [OE. egesfull, f. ap ¢ 20s. 
egiso, . ehiso:—OTeut. * *agis-; 
see y se rs “FUL, Fearful, terri tg 

aro00 Fudith 21 se ica ne wende, Ezesfull eorla 
dryhten. ¢1175 Lamb, Hom. 111 De lauerd scal beon lide 


mid 


64 
ae d > 
brapteriantie tee cael ot 
‘arher. 9 o asea bis wiht..help me mi lauerd. 
“TErsie v. Obs. In 2 eisian. [OE. eg(e)sian 
= OS. egis sb OHG. chisin :—OTeat. # im 
ee 


a. a ie. Feepans “resale, 2 eis, 
3 iselioh, 4aisliche. [OE. ¢gges/ic, f. - ¢ges-@ terror 
(see Eisrun) + -/éc, -ty1; cf. OS. egzs/tc, eislic, 
OHG. ekis/th.] Fearful, terrible. 

¢888 K. Aitrrep Boeth, xxxv. § 6 Da wes Ser eac swide 
pe geatweard, ds nama sceolde bion Caron. ¢1o00 

uLFsTan Addr, E; in Sweet Reader 108 Eall det 
sindon micle and egeslice dada. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 87 
Eislic swei and blawende beman. c 1200 7rin. Coll. Hom. 
67 To beregen us..wid be eiseliche shame. 

Hence Ei‘sliche adv. a. Fearfully; b. Timidly. 

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 41 Heje treon eisliche beorninde et- 
foren helle 3ete. 1394 P. Pl. Crede 341 Pere y auntrede 
me in & ee y seide. 

. form of EAssEL. 
Eist, var. of Este a. Obs. dainty. 


|| Bisteddfod (ciste‘tvod). [Welsh ; lit. ‘ ses- 
sion’, f. e’stedd to sit.] A congress of (Welsh) 
bards. 

1822 Ann. Reg. 1. Chron. 428 An ——o or Con- 
gress of Bards, was held. .last week. 7 National Cyel. 
II. 858 Since the time of Queen Elizabes no royal com- 
mission has been issued for holding an eisteddfod. 

Hence EBiste'ddfodism. 

1868 Lond. Q. Rev. Oct. 53 That eisteddfodism by which 
Mr. M. Arnold seems to have been bitten. 

Hister, obs. Sc. var. of EASTER a. 

Bisy, obs. var. of Easy. 

+ Histri-cion. Ods. rare. 
of Exrraction (OFr. estracion). 

1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 2 Growin 
cion, that worthi and wis is, Concayued in w 

Bitch, obs. var. of Earcue, Sc., adze. 

Hith, Sc. form of Eatu. 

aaa (7-Ba1, aidar), a. ME hovel and adv. 

(con Forms: I &3-, @3-, éshweSer, 1-2 

Sey 2 eizder, (3 Orm. shan ), 3 eiSer, aieper, 
2-4 eiSer, eiper, 3-5 aiper, aither, ayther, 
(ayder, 5 eyder), 3-6 ether, (? 4-6 aper, ather, 
-ir, 4 euther, ewther), 3-7 eyther, — (5 
eithar), 6 eather, 4- either. See also Er. 
[OE. éghwader (contracted #g8er) = OHG. eogi- 
hwedar (MHG. vegeweder), f. WGer. *azwo(n (in 
OE. 4, 3) Ay, always + *gihwaparo-z (in OE. 
gehweder : see Y- and WHETHER) each of two. 

In OE. and. early ME. the word appears only in its 
original sense ‘ each of two’, or as adv.=‘ both’; but about 
the beginning of r4thce. it assumed the disjunctive sense 

‘one or the other of two’ (and the corresponding adverbial 
use), which properly belonged to OE. 4k x, dwoer, 
ME. owber, oper (see OuTHER). This disjunctive sense has 
so far prevailed that in mod. Eng. such expressions as on 
either side='on both sides’ are felt to be somewhat arch, 
and must often be avoided = account of their ambiguity. 
The word Outuer became obs. in literary use in 16th c. ; 
its mod. dial. forms (pronounced S eang dar, etc.) are popu- 
larly regarded as belonging to either. (It is not quite clear 
whether the forms aber athir in Sc. from 14th , 16th c, 
should not be referred to OuTHER; cf. OE. 

The pronunciation (aiax), though not in Seats ole with 
the analogies of standard Eng., is in London somewhat 
more prevalent in educated speech than (#402), The or- 
thoepists of 17th c. seem to give (€8a1, 7Sa1); Jones 1701 
has (€3ax) and (ai'3a1), Buchanan (1766) has (9i‘Sa2) without 
alternative (see Ellis, Zarly Eng. Pron, ix, x.). Walker 
(1791) says that (702) and (9i’601) are both very common, 
but gives the preference to the former on the ground of 
anal and the authority of Garrick. Smart (1849) says 
that ‘there is little in point of usage to choose’ be- 
tween on two Yo nunciations, though in the body of his 
dictionary he, like earlier orthoepists, gives (f3e1) without 
alternative. 

A. adj. ( pron.) 
pe Each of the two. 

1. As adj. used attrid, 

Oreos. 1. xi. ee: 2 th is patte —_ 


nits 


? Erroneous form 


e be eistri- 
locke. 


hwat per nes 
pone Grouc. (Rolls) 1439 Muck Muche fole i in ei 
le me slou. @1300 Cursor M. 12881 Pe holi strem of 
um jordane On aeiber side apo still as stane. 1340 Ham- 
we Pr. Consc. 1274 Bot with pe world comes dam fortone, 
tye On a hand may chaungsone. 1375 Barnour Bruce u. 
athir syd thus war thai be ra edema 
pa xxxix, Aythire freke app 
spere, 1535 CoverpaLe Eced. xl, “a ts By the walles also 
were pilers, on either syde one. ospes 7) 
(sfes) os _ or. ing tShapur Proem side lift up, bd 
join ttle. x 'ALCONER Proem 40 
fierce extremes of either zone, Scorr /vanhoe iii, 
There cera end of the hall. 
Tennyson Z, Morris 37 Either twilight and the day be- 
tween, 
+b. With plural sb.: = ‘both’, Also (rarely), 
either both, in same pov bs. 
1561 T, Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. Pref., They all ~ ep 
et, 
in either 


-.to kepe still eyther bothe kingdome safe. 1 
Earle eycester 20 The Lords and Commons 
houses assemb! 1608 TopseLt Serpents 694 ag either 
feet ere (skinks] have five distinct Rese or claws. 

With possessive pron, pincer before the 
sb. “Obs. rare. 


And dd iper] wend th ale 
ail 
And di ft 


on Husb. 1. 808 So 
overblowe With colde or Jom 
54, I beqwethe to eyther of myn executors xls. 


mo ae 


DALE Ruth i. g Ye maie in reste ether of 
bandes house. 1g9x Spenser J. H; 55t So parted 
they, as eithers way them led. 1615 CHapman Od; lyss. 
1v. 79 The portraiture of Lip genta on and scoptrekeaees 
kings Your either person in 
Picton L’pool Munic. Rec. ae I. 268 The ne Serica and 
Water Baylive shall have either a cloak. 
Misc. Wks. (1837) 111. 219 Fontenelle and Baar were 
men of unequal merit; yet how different has been the fate 
of either. 

+b. With plural ye gee Obs. 

1542 Upat Zrasm. A, . b, Either of them as naked 
as ever they wer born. Browne tr. Polex. 11. go 
Either of them have treat nd un Gon-ceiaiie of my Sex. 

c. Sometimes =each (of more than two things). 

1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 76 The other 
thirteene prouinces that do remaine haue of them a 
vizroy or ——— 1867 Howe ts /tal. Fourn. 228 Just 
avers the — at either of the three corners, is an exquisite 
- female bus: 

+d. Either other: = ‘each other’: cf. Eacu. 
Obs, exc. in form either . . the other. 

Usually the two words were in different grammatical re- 
lations, one of them (in most cases the former) being the 
subj., and the other governed in acc., genit., or dat. by a vb., 
sb., or ~~ Somes Moonee ae either other tea a 
compouni (cf. each other), might be Pat as 

a 1000 Andreas 1053 (Gr.) mitrymede 
Heofonrices hyht. c¢xa00 Trin. Coll. rpms 21 
biswiked her aider oder. c Lay. 3932 Ei panded 
r,t og ie + oo aes ae 

799 Quen ayder For scham 

Berar Patol bath and quakid. 1 Ather 


otheres stat. 1393 '. XXI. 127 
Ayber axed of ober of pis TrEvIsA 
Barth, De P. R. v. i. (1495) 99 he 
other. 1439 £. Z. Wills (1882) 124 Aither aftir othir in the 
taile. 1471 Hist. Arrivall Edw. IV (1838) 19 There was 
sees te and letted the t of eithar othar. 15.. 
7c? ermyt 513 in Hazl. ei thet. Spccd: =: 
other gode dey. 1552 Lynpesay M hed. 
deand in vtheris armis. 1593 Soke! Lucr. 66 aaa red 
“77 Wave Prim. Of — colour was t! 
ALE Prim, Orig, Man. 
1 T: ion of ei into Parsee 
LEY Compromise (1886) 103 The rights of 
the other. 
IT. One or other of the two. 


hed 
c1320 Sir Beues 1 
Lancianp P, 7 


1300 Beket He miste, -wende up aither side. ¢1320 
fan Bek ( y eae eens Bank oa Mitox 
PLL. 1.424 Suirite 3) Te he oe Sex assume, 
orboth, x ester, Le¢t, I, 1x, 170 When the sun shines 
on either side of us (as it a owe See evenings) the 
shadows are very long. tp ck F, (1846) VI. 
190 The artificial pn a in the hands of either nation, 


must have turned the fortune of the day, 

7 Incorrectly with plural vb. 

1874 Ruskin Val d’ Arno 119, I don’t mean that ‘either of 
the writers I name are jutely thus narrow in their own 
views. 

tb. Lither rag: one or the other of two. Ods. 
poe Wks. (1 ass) gorse ezine, 


Def Apel. teen roo Let by eet take whether he 

if ei of these words shall serue his turne, 

A ha. stiphe'ag i oleclclo ay 

in it. 

aCoreaz Erasm. wkend iii. 15 If eythers worke 

png Be ng workeman shall lose his labour, 
Hooker cei Pol I. xX. ede Some VA If wee bee both or 

oyther of Cass: —= IL. use Te is by no 


means a 
eiaec citar ek chemea Wereennete 1848 Macaulay 
Hist. Eng. 1. 164 lous or odious in 


community. 
4 Incorrectly with | Plural vb. 
Br, Phage oom hilolog. Museum ur. 656 
rites by which either Thebes or Eleusis were 


hi. Either of both := he oe 


Asp, PARKER “pone — never haa 
aoe dapat Annot. a 7639) 86 
H 
in ny ee by bils = ee ae Res but 
concubines without either 
ec. Sometimes = pay one oot ore than two). 
1616 Hieron Wes. (1624) IL doctrine which 
jae ¢ » e Scbemnceal all or. r three. 
. yA ps > and Snyders, 
ie petra in each other's. , and thus they 


EJACULATE. 


became more valuable than if finished by either of them 
singly. 1845 SterHeN Laws Eng. II. 31 If either of them 
[several methods] be found to fail, 
B. as adv. (conj.) 
I. Adverbial uses of A. I. 
+1. In OE. and early ME.=Boru. In the oldest 
use followed by ge.. ge, or ge. . and; afterwards 
ge was omitted, and being retained in the second 


place. Obs. 
¢893 K. AELrrep Ovos. u1. v. §8 AEzber Ze of Scibbium ee 
of Crecum. a1067 Chart. Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 
227 Aezder ze binnan burh and butan. a@xx75 Cott. Hom. 
223 [el imugon 3ecnowen ei3der god and euyl. c1175 
L . Hom. 23 Bute pu heo alle for-lete eider 3e ba ane 3 
oder. a1200 Moral Ode 32 in E. E. P. (1862) 24 Ayper to 
utel & to muchel. c120g Lay. 30887 Aider [c 1275 bope] bi 
worden and by writen, 
+ 2. Used to connect more than two terms. Oés. 
e1175 Lamb. Hom. 115 Eider 3e on her3unge 3¢ on hungre 
3e on cwalme 3e on uniwidere 3e on wilde deoran. 
II, Adverbial uses of A. II. 
8. Introducing the mention of alternatives. 
a. Either ..or, either ..0(u)ther. (Formerly 


either might be preceded by an adj.; see quot. 
1594-) 

138. Wycur Se?, Wks. 111. 297 Eper to kyng .. oper to 
deukis. c 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol. 5 Non. .that eythir 
hath in heuyn or in hell I-be. cx420 Padlad. on Husb. 1. 
25 Eyther springing there Or elles thider brought from elles 
where. 1540 CromweLt in Ellis Orig. Lett. 11. 142 II. 168, 
Inever thought treson to your Highnes. .ayther in woorde or 

ede. 1563 Homilies u. Rogation Wk. ww. (1859) 498 They 
either quite ear them up..or else, etc. 1593 Hooker Zcc/. 
Poi. 1. ii, How should either men or Angels be able perfectly 
to behold? 1594 Br. J. Kine Yonas, $c. (1618) 623 The 
mutable and transitory either pleasures or profits of this life. 
1713 Berxetey Hylas & P. 1. Wks, 1871 I. 291 Either, 

, you are jesting, or have a very bad memory. 1875 
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) III. 266 A narration of events, either 
past, present, or to come. 
+b. Either .. either: = either .. or. Ods. 

1gsx Recorve Pathw. Knowl. Pref., Knowledge .. that 
maye appertaine either to good gouernance in time of 
peace, eyther wittye pollicies in time of warre. 1574 HEL- 
Lowes Gueuara’s Ep. (1584) 20 In those golden times either 
philosophers did governe, either else governours did use 
philosophie. 1588 A. Kinc tr. Canisius’ Catech. G viijb, 
Ather on y® day self of y® zequinoxe, ather ellis on y° day 
nixt yairefter, 

+4. = Or. Also, either else = or else. Obs. 

138. Wycur Axtecr. in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 118 Who 
ever clepip himself unyversal prest eiber desireb to be 
clepid. 1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 8 The cruelte of all 
thevis eithir robberis. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour K vijb, 
She was brente — stoned with stones. 1546 CovERDALE 
Lord's Sup; ks. 1844 I. 462 Perhaps men would have 
forgotten themselves, either else the mercy of God should 
not have been so much known as it ought to be. 1583 
Stusses Axat. Abus. u.10 Either else they would neuer be 
so desirous of reuenge. 1611 Biste Luke vi. 42 Either 
{1881 Revised, Or] how canst thou say to thy brother. 

5. a, Asan alternative, ‘which way you please’. 
b. In negative or interrogative sentences: Any 
more than the other. 

c1400 Destr. Troy 1479 Or Alisaunder ewther was his 
other name. 160% Smanee Twel. N.u.v. 206 To. Wilt thou 
set thy foote o’ my necke? Aw. Or o’ mine either? 1828 
Scorr F. M. Perth xxxii, Thy sex cannot help that either. 
Mod. If you do not go I will not go either. If John had 
said so, or William either, I could believe it. 

Hittin, obs. Sc. pa. pple of Ear. 

Ejaculate (*dgz'kislet), v. [f. L. gaculat- 
ppl. stem of Zaculari, f. 2 out + jaculari to dart, 
f. jaculum javelin.] 

+1. trans, To dart or shoot forth; to throw out 
suddenly and swiftly, eject. Ods. in general sense. 

1613 R. C. Table Alfh. (ed. 3) Eyaculate, cast out. 1661 
Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 102 They [Porcupines] have.. 
prickles .. which they ejaculate. 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. 
Geog. III. 179 The stones thus ejaculated have been found 
to contain all kinds of minerals, 

b. spec. To eject fluids, etc. from the body. 

1578 Banister Hist. Max vi, 88 To eiaculate seede into 
the matrice. 1638 T. WaiTtaker Blood of Grape & So doth 
the heart eiaculate the influent spirit. 1693 UrquHarT 
Rabelais 1. xxxi, The cavernous nerve, whose office is to 
ejaculate the moisture. 1807 Axx. Reg. 823 The spider 
. ejaculates. .several 1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. 
(1828) II. xvii. 68 To ejaculate its venom into the wound. 
1836-9 Topp Cyci. Anat. Il. 42/1 A..tube through which 


65 


he kept ejaculating. 1872 Lippon Elem. Relig. vi. 184 We 
ay of course ejaculate to such a thing if we like. 
ence Eja‘culated ///. a. 

17x Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 524 Each Mo- 
ment by ejaculated Pray’r We keep Possession of our 
Mansion there. 1865 Farrar Chapters on Lang. 100 We 
bay condense into a single ejaculated manonyils ble, all, 
and more than all, of a whole sentence. 

Ejaculation (‘dge:kivlé-fon). [as if a. L. 
*cjaculation-em, f. as prec.: see -ATION.] 

+1. The action of hurling (missiles) ; the spouting 
out (of water); the throwing up (stones, etc. by 
subterranean forces). Ods. 

1610 Guittim Heraldry WW. xiv. (1660) 332 Man. .furnished 
himself to the full.. with Instruments of ejaculation. 1625 
K. Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis 1. xxii. 143 Ashes .. carried 
many miles..with their own violent ejaculation, 1633 Br. 
Hatt Hard Texts 238 A sling .. should be altogether for 
ejaculations, 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. 111, 61 When 
the ejaculation is strong and brisk, the petroleous wells are 
observed to become very turbid. 1818 Ann. Reg., Chron. 
495 [He] s uted out of his mouth. .several tuns of water.. 
This ejaculation was received with the highest applause. 

2. The sudden ejection or emission (of seed, 
fluids, etc.) from the animal or vegetable system. 

1603 HoLttann Plutarch’s Mor. 1301 The ejaculation or 
casting foorth of naturall seed. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. 
Ep. uu. iv. 113 The vessels of ejaculations. 1677 Grew A vat. 
Fruits vy. § 19 That violent and surprising Ejaculation of the 
Seeds. 1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. 1. s.v. Bee, The Bees .. 
are generated .. by the Ejaculation of a little Crystalline 
Water into the Bottom of the small Cells in the Combs. 
1807 Ann. Reg. 823 The ejaculation or darting of the 
[spider’s] threads is doubted. 1865 Reader No. 151. 576/3 
Ejaculation of aqueous fluid from leaves. 

3. transf. and fig. a. The emission of rays (by 
a luminary), of occult or magical influence, etc. 
b. The putting up of short earnest prayers in 
moments of emergency; the hasty utterance of 
words expressing emotion. 

1625 Bacon Envy, Ess. (Arb.) 511 There seemeth to be 
acknowledged, in the Act of Enuy an Ejaculation .. of the 
Eye. 21638 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 20 In the ejacu- 
lation of her prayers on her people. @ 1657 Sir J. BALFour 
Ann. Scott, (1824-5) Il. 73 The suns eiaculatione of his 
beames wpone the earthe, more then 6,900,000 myles, 1866 
G. Macponatp Aun. Q. Neighé. vii. (1878) 101 An ejacula- 
tion of love is not likely to offend Him. 

4. concr. Also fig. &. gen. 

1708 Mortreux Rabelais ww. xviii. (1737) 77 Lightnings, 
fiery Vapours, and other aerial Ejaculations. 1841-4 Emer- 
son Ess. Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 168 The religions of the world 
are the ejaculations of a few imaginative men. 

b. spec. A short prayer ‘darted up to God’ 
(Fuller) in an emergency. In wider sense: A 
short hasty emotional utterance. 

1624 T. Goxins Hallowed be Thy Name in Farr’s S. P. 
(1847) 325 Thou takest recreation In..oneeiaculation. 1656 
Finett For. Ambass. 237, 1 found by his ejaculations that 
they repented of their punctillios. 1684-5 in Ellis Orig. 
Lett, 1. 382 ILI. 338 The other Bishops giving their assistance 
.. with very good ejaculations. 1790 Burke /r. Rev. 24 
He makes the lords and commons fall to a pious, legislative 
ejaculation. 1863 Fr. Kemsie Resid. Georgia 133 The 
usual chorus of. .ejaculations of welcome. 

Ejaculative (‘dg kislativ), a. [fas Esacu- 
LATE+-IVE.] a. Of the nature of an ejaculation. 
+b. Pertaining to the emission of occult influence 
(obs.). 

1660 Z. Crorton Fasten. St. Peter's Fett. 58 [It] can be 
no warrant for such premeditated, ejaculative expressions, 
to be prescribed in set and publick prayer. 1603 FLorio 
Montaigne \. xx. (1632) 44 The Tortoises and the Estriges 
hatch their egges with their looks only, a signe that they 
have some ejaculative vertue. 1841 DisraEt1 Amen. Lit. 
(1859) I. 35 An fe atc poem has the appearance of a 
collection of short hints. .curt and ejaculative. 

|| Ejacculator. Phys. [mod.L. f. Gacula-ri to 
Esacunate.] (See quot.) 

1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Zyaculator in anatomy, a name 
t agiere to two muscles of the genitals, from their office in 
the ejaculation of the seed. 


en ec (tdgeekidlateri), a. [f. as prec. 
+ -ORY. 

1. +a. Adapted for ejecting (a missile, or the 
like). b. Phys, That is concerned in the ejection 
of semen, etc. 


1655 Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 322 The bullet's falling onthe 
ejaculatory sprin; d 1666 J. Smita Old Age (ed. 2) 117 


the seminal liquor is. .ej 1878 tr. Zz 's Cycl, 
Med. VIII. 905 A man who could never ejaculate. 

+e. transf. and fig. Obs. 
¢ 1630 Jackson Creed v. xxv, The sun ..can.. ejaculate 
is beams upon any body capable of heat and illumination. 
x679 Br. or Hererorp Let. Popish Idol. 22 [They] groan 
an sigh, as if they would breath forth and ejaculate their 
very Hearts unto it. 1704 Swirr Mech. Oferat. Spirit 
(1711) 280 There are three g 1 — of lating the 
Soul. 1712 Blackmore Creation 13 The i 4 et... 
Its active rays ejaculated thence Irradiate all the wide cir- 
cumference. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xli. (1856) 374 A 
hissing sound, ejaculated by sudden impul 

2. To utter suddenly (a short prayer; now in 
wider sense, any brief expression of emotion). 
Also aéso/. : 

1666 Perys Diary 23 July (1879) IV. 22, I could not but 
with hearty thanks to Almighty God — my thanks to 

im. 2791 Mrs. IncuBatp Simp. Story I. iv. 38 Miss 
Woodley ejaculated a short ee to herself. x! ‘ARLYLE 
Fredk. Gt. V1. vu. vi. 314 But where can the Prince be? 

Vou. III. 


y th prep y, and ejaculatory. 1751 
Cuampers Cycl., Ejaculatory .. ducts, or canals, arising 
from the vesicule seminales. 1860 Sir H. THompson Dis. 
Prostate (1868) 7 Two slight lines of depression .. indicate 
the tracks of the ejaculatory ducts. x Hume tr. J7o- 
quin-Tandon Ui. 1. # The excretory canal of the gland, 
called Ejaculatory Duct. 

+ 2. Inclined to ejaculate ; given to abrupt, im- 
pulsive expression. Ods. 

1644 Quartes Barnabas §& B. To Radr., This small Essay 
(the epi of his ejacul 'y soul), 

8. Of the nature of or resembling an ejaculation 
or sudden utterance. (Originally of prayers: see 
EJACULATION 4 b; now in wider sense.) 

1644 SiR E. DeRING Prop. Sacr. Ciijb, In hymns and 

1 


Psalms y p ges .. are war % 
Cumcot Evil Thoughts vi. (1851) 65 Not only in ejacula- 
tory, but in our set prayers. 1748 Smotitetr Rod. R. 

Ixv. (1804) 472 Strap .. venting ejaculatory petitions to 
Heaven for our safety. 1851 Loner. Gold. Leg. Convent of 
Hirschan, To breathe an ejaculatory prayer. 


EJECTED. 


4. quasi-sb, = Esacunation 4b. rare. 

1883 Harper's Mag. Mar. 575/1 ‘ Indeed, I have reason 
to know at; was the severe ejaculatory. 

Bject (fdzgekt), sd. [ad. L. Gect-um, neut. of 
Zectus thrown out; seenext. The term was coined 
by Prof. Clifford on analogy of sebject, object.) 

Something (vzz. a sensation or mental state other 
than our own) which is neither an actual nor a 
conceivable object of oz consciousness, but which 
is inferred to be a real existence analogous in kind 
to our own sensations or mental states. 

1878 CLirrorp 7hings-in-thems., Lect. & Ess. (1886) 275, 
I propose..to call these inferred existences eects, things 
thrown out of my consciousness, to distinguish them from 
objects, things presented in my consciousness, phenomena. 
1883 Romanes Ment. Evol. Anim. i. 22 The evidence de- 
rived from ejects is practically regarded as good in the 
case of mental organizations inferred to be closely analogous 
to our own, 1884 — in Nature XXIX. No. 747. 380 The 
eject of my contemplation is the mind of a dog. 1885 C. 
L. Morcan Springs of Cond. u1. ii. 267 My neighbour's 
mind, feelings, motions are ejects to me; they can never be 
objects. 

+ Eject, pple. Obs. [ad. L. cect-us, f. Gicdre, f. 
é out + jacére to throw.] Used as pa. pple. of next. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (1865) I. 123 The inhabitatores of 

whom somme tyme eiecte and put in captiuite. 1526 Prlg7. 
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 208b, Now is the prynce of y® 
worlde eiecte & casten out. 
Bject (dgekt), v. [ad. L. Gect-dre, freq. of 
gicere to throw out, f. 2 out + jacéve to throw ; or 
directly f. Zect- ppl. stem of éjzceve. As in many 
other Eng. vbs. identical in form with L. ppl. 
stems, the precise formation is somewhat doubtful ; 
the senses are derived partly from Zccve, partly 
from cjectare.] 

1. ¢vans. To throw out from within. 

1607 TorsrLt Four-f Beasts 197 Seethe the same till all 
the scum or earthy substance thereof be ejected. 1644 
Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 62 In the Queen’s Garden isa Diana 
ejecting a fountain. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. ui. 
xxii. 165 To reduce that indigestible substance [gold] into 
such a forme as may not be ejected by seidge. 1807 AZed. 
Frnl, XVII. 221 He died .. while endeavouring to eject 
saliva. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol, (1875) Il. 1. xxxiii. 217 If 
stones are thrown into the Crater they are instantly ejected. 

b. transf. and fig.; esp. To dart forth, emit 
(flames, light, etc.). 

1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum.u. iii, Every look or 
glance mine eyes ejects [1601 mine eye objects]. 1630 
Drayton Muses Elyz. Nym. 78 The Carbunckle. .a flaming 
light And radiency eiecteth. 1620 QuaARLES Yonah (1638) 
H His home-bred stomack’s curb’d or quite ejected. 1738 

ROOKE Yerusalem Deliv. iii. 1o His arms and eager eyes 
ejecting flame..Tancred came. 1742 YounGc N?. 7%. 1. 258 
How groaning hospitals eject their dead ! Po ox: 

2. To expel, drive out (by force or with indig- 
nity) from any place or position. 

sss Even Decades W. Ind. 1. v1. (Arb.) 162 Al the 
barbarous Kynges & Idolatours beinge eiected. 1607 
Suaks. Cor. 11. i. 287 To dispatch This Viporous Traitor ; 
to eiect him hence Were but one danger. 1671 Mitton 
P. R. 1. 414 Ejected, emptyed, gazed, unpityed, shun’d, A 
spectacle of ruin or of scorn. 1726 Swirt Sec’s Birthday 
Wks. 1819 XIV. 542 If the gout should seize the head, 
Doctors pronounce the patient dead ; But if they can. .eject 
it to th’ extremest parts, etc, 1828 D’Israett Chas. I, 1. 
viii. 270 Those inferior minds, who had ejected the master- 
spirit from their councils. 1863 Fr. KemBre Resid. Georgia 
57 They [two free black preachers] have lately been ejected 
from the place. ; ae 

+b. In pass. with omission of from. Obs. (Cf. 
to be banished the country.) 

a4 J. Smitn Myst. Rhet. 64 And for that they would be 
justified by the works of the law, were ejected the house of 
God. 1660 T. Watson in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. xvi. 
xx Austin saith ‘Lord..if I might see thy face one day; 
but alas! were it only a day, then to be ejected heaven’. 

8. To expel from a dignity or office. Also, To 
turn out, evict (a person) from property or pos- 
sessions ; esp. in Law. 

1570-6 LAMBARDE Peramb. Kent (1826) 229 The Abbat.. 
eiected the Kings Clarke. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 127 
That I might be reuenged vpon them, that had eiected vs 
out of our patrimony. 1653 Baxter Chr. Concord 117 If 
they can prove their Ministers fit to be ejected, let them 
there prove it. 1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 217 When the 
executive officers came to eject the inhabitants from their 
houses and lands. 1836 H. Rocers ¥. Howe ii. (1863) 18 
[The elder Howe] was not the man for Loughborough, and 
he was consequently ejected. 1879 FroupE Czsar iil. 20 
He had ejected disreputable senators from the Curia. 

|| Bjectamenta (/dgektame'nta), sd. p/. [pl- 
of L. Gectamentum, {. eectére: see prec.) Sub- 
stances ejected by eruptive forces. 

1863 LyELt Antig. Max x. (ed. 3) 192 Yet the cone, an 
incoherent heap of scoria and | spongy, ejectamenta, stands 
unmolested. 1879 Rutiey Stud. Rocks iv. 32 These frag- 
mentary ejectamenta are often thrown high into the air. 

+ Hjectastion. Ods.—° [f.as prec.: see -ATION.] 

1736 Battey, Ejectation, a casting or throwing out. 1775 
Asu, Eyectation (not much used, from eject), the act of 
casting out. 

jected (tdze"ktéd), AA/. a. [f. Exuct v. + -ED.] 

1. Thrown out from the interior of anything. 

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 165 If the water be..upon 
the fire. .these ejected bubbles will be more apparent. 1799 
Kirwan Geol. Ess. 269 The low heat of the pe lava. 
31853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlviii. (1856) 445 That singular 
ejected rock, the Devil’s Thumb, 1856 — a“ xpi. 


EJECTING. 
I. xxiv. 320 The young gulls were feeding on the ejected 


morsel. ‘ 
2. Expelled from a country, or from an office ; 
evicted, turned out from a possession, tenancy, etc. 
Mitton Zikon. Wks. 1738 1. 408 True policy will 
teach them to find a safer i in the friendsh 
of England, than in the ruins of one ejected Family. 1665 
Marve. Corr. xlviii. Wks. 1872 II. 183 Non-conformist 
ejected Ministers. 1836 H. Rocers % Howe iv. (1863) 116 
ut though Howe was an ejected minister, he not 
consent to be a silenced one, 

Ejecting (#dzektin), vd/. sd. [f. Esecr v. + 
-1nG1.] Casting out, expulsion. . 

1602 Futsecke 1st. Pt. Parall. 100 Our law punisheth.. 
the immature eiecting of any of these out of the wombe. a 
Bentiey Boyle Lect.26 The miracles of our Lord. .were. .for 
the real benefit and advantage of men, by. .ejecting of devils. 

Ejection (tdge‘kfon). [ad. L. Zectzon-em, n. of 
action f. Gicére : see Esect v.] site 

1. The action of casting out from within. For- 
merly applied sfec. in Physiology (see quot. 1751). 

1613 R. C. Zable Alph. (ed. 3) Etection, a casting forth. 
sap Haaser Epictetus’ Man., Cebes 135 Her owne receipt 

..which purgeth out all their ingulphed evils, as by vomit 
or ejection. 1652 Frencu Vorksh. Spa viii. 74 There is no 
ejection of their excrements by stool for two or three dayes. 
175t Cuambers Cycl., Ejection, the act of throwing out or 
discharging anything at some of the emunctories; as b: 
stool, vomiting or the like. 1813 Eustace Tour Jtaly 1. 
(R.) The vast ejection of ashes. .must have left a large void 
in its [Vesuvius’] centre. 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids vi. 
260, I pricked deeply the column .. without causing the 
ejection of this pollinium. 188z Stokes in Nature No. 625. 
597 The ejection of gas from the body of the sun. 

b. concr. Something ejected ; spec. by a volcano. 

1654 Gayton Fest. Notes 158 The Apothecary sware he 
smelt him [the mouse] comming by the scent of the ejec- 
tion. 1794 SuLtivan View Nat. II. 197 One unclassed vol- 
canic ejection..the roche rouge in Velay, in France. 1833 
Lyett Princ. Geol. III. 197 The ejections in this place 
entirely conceal from view the stratified rocks of the country. 

+c. fig. An outgoing of emotion. Ods. 

1 . VAUGHAN Silex Scint. 1. 36 What thin Ejections, 
Cold affections. ; ; 

2. A casting out or expulsion from a particular 
place or position ; also from office or possessions. 

1566 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 349 He.. did entreat 
of the ejectioun of the byaris and the sellaris furth of the 
Tempill of Jerusalem. 1627 HaKkewitt A fol. 1. i. § 1[Adam 
and Eve's} Creation and Ejection. 1651 Hossrs Leviath, 
ty, xlv. 356 Exorcisme (that is to say, of ejection of Devills 
by Conjuration). 1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 417 
To the Syracusians he gave Laws upon the ejection of 
their King. 1765 Jonnson Pref. Shaks. (R.) Some of these 
alterations are only the ejection of a word for one that ap- 
peared to him more elegant. 1853 Marspen Early Purit. 
48 The ejection of many good men immediately followed. 

+b. The state of being banished, exile. rare. 

1655-60 Straney //ist. Philos. (1701) 49/1 The People with 
whom he (the son of Periander) lived in his ejection. 

ce. In Scotch Law. Action of ejection: = EJEcT- 
MENT 2. Letters of ejection: see quot. 

1764 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law 427 Actions of spuilzie, 
ejection and intrusion are penal. /éid. 464 If one con- 
demned ..to quit the possession of lands, and refuses .. 
letters of ejection are granted ..ordaining the Sheriff to 
eject him. 

+3. = EcBo.E 2. Ods. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. 1257 Polymnestus .. first 
made the drawing out of the note longer, and the. . ejection 
thereof much greater than before. 

+ Hjecti‘tious, a. Ols.—° [f. L. Zectici-us, f. 
ppl. stem of Zicére: see prec. + mous} (See quot.) 

1736 Baitey, Eyectitious, cast out. 1775 in Asu. 

ective (/dzektiv),a. [as ifad. L. *eectivus : 
see Esxcr v. and -IVE.] 

1. That has the function or the power of ejecting. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou's ~ és The one a vomiting or 
ejective medicament. ¢1720 W. Gisson Farriers Dispens. 
u. i, (1734) 57 The Ancients thought there was some ejec- 
tive Property in all purging Medicines. 1858 Greener 
Gunnery 301 Each shot carries with it its own share of 
ejective force. 1886 Cornh. Mag. Oct. 428 The giant planets 
must have possessed corresponding ejective energies, 

2. Pertaining to an eject. 

1883 Romanes Ment, Evol. Anim. i. 16 This necessaril 
ejective method of enquiry. 1884 — in Nature XXIX. 

0. 747. 380 Our ejective inferences can only be founded 
on the observable activities of organisms. ; 

Hence Eje’ctively adv. a. By means of ejec- 
tion. b. With reference to ejects. Bjecti*vity, 
the fact of i, an eject. 

1883 Romanes Ment. Evol. Anim. i. 17 Ejectively some 
such criterion is required. 1886 — in Contemp. Rev. July 
48 Both subjectivity and ejectivity are only known under 
the condition of being isolated from objectivity. 

Ejectment (/dzektmént). [f. Eszor v. + 
-MENT ; app. first used in legal Anglo-French.] 

1. a. Law. The act or process of ejectitig a per- 
son from his holding. b. In wider sense, = EsEc- 
TION 2 (but chiefly with allusion to a.). 

1567 RasteLt Termes of Law 68 b, A writ of eiectement 
of warde lieth wher, etc. [Fr. driefe deiectment de gard 

ist, etc.]. 1602 Warner Alb, Eng. Epit. (1612) 359 This 

iectment of the Britons. 1672 i SrusBe Justi Dutch 
War 60 Continued after their [the Danes’] ejectment, by 
our English Kings. 185: Hr. Martineau Hist. Peace 
(1877) III. v. xiii, 468 Forcible ejectments of the negroes 
from their habitati 1 Sr Treas. Dav. Ps. 
xxiv. 1 [Man] is but a tenant at will. . liable to instantaneous 
ejectment. 1869 Pall Madi G. 4 Aug., The Irish land 


66 


question divides itself naturally into three great points— 
im) ts, tenant right, ejectment. 

2 (More fully, action, writ of ejectment): ‘ An 
action at law whereby a person ousted or amoved 
from an estate for years may recover possession 
thereof’ (Tomlins Spe Dict.) ; the writ (other- 
wise de ejectione firme) by which this action is 
commenced. 

An action of this kind, under which damages were claimed 
for a fictitious ejectment by an imaginary was 
formerly the recognized mode of trying the title to landed 


P . 

pe on ME Lett. (1875) 188 An ejectment hath been 
left at St H. Hobarts house for 8000/. 1715 Act Reg. 
Papists 2 Geo. 1, in Lond. Gaz. (1716) No. 5455/2 He may 
bring an Ejectment — his own ise. 1755 YOUNG 


Okes for of bell ekes 1857, 
Glos, Beats Farm: Bhs. 184 Underlay. pop pea 
bands of straw placed beneath the hive. _ 

8. Sc. (16th and 17th c.) A supplement, post- 

—s toa ae document. 
. Murray, &c. in H. Campbell Love-lett. 

Q.'Seots x2 ‘The ee atiticen to our answer. @ 

-ALDERWOOD Hist. Kirk (1843) 11. 451 The other partie had 
givin in an eeke or additioun to their former answere. 

4. In advb. phrase, to eken (OE. ¢é éacan) in 
addition, besides, contracted in ME. into TEKE(X, 
Also, in same sense, om eke. 


Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 1V. 253 But will not be at bl: 
of bringing a writ of ejectment. 1768 Biackstone Comm. 
IIL. 199 A writ then of eyectione firmae, or action of tres- 

ss in ejectment. 1788 J. Powe. Devises (1827) II. 45 
Fie might bring his ejectment. 1794S. Wituiams Vermont 
216 Actions of ejectment were commenced in the courts at 
Albany. 1886 SterHeN Commi. (ed. 10) IIT. 415. 

+3. pl. [after L. eyectamenta). Things cast up 
or out. Obs. rare. 

i A Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus 11. 514 Ejectments of 
the Sea. 

ector (#dzektaz). [f. as prec. + -oR, upon 
the analogy of L. agent-nouns in -or.] 

1. gen. One who ejects. /it. and fig. See Esxcr 
v1, 2. 

1640 Br. Hatt Efisc. 1. § 17. 70 The ejectors should show 
better proofe than the ancient urs. . Bonp 
Occasus Occid. 25, 1 find that sin branded as an Ejector, 
as an Exiler, not only of Persons, but of whole Churches. 
1657 J. Goopwin 7riers Tried To Rdr. 2 Two Apocryphall 
Orders of Commissioned Officers..known by the names of 
Triers, and Ejectors. 1831 Syp. Situ Speeches Wks. 1859 
II. 218/1 The merciless ejector. . will be restrained within the 
limits of decency and humanity. 1834 7ait’s Mag. I. 494 
The venomous slaver..must be carried back to the face of 
the foul-breathed ejector. : 

b. Zaw. The person who ejects another from 
his holding. Casual ejector: see CASUAL. 

1651 W.G. tr. Cowel’s /nst. 191 If a third person eject 
him against Right, he shall recover damages against the 
Ejector. 1768 Fiscasvces Comm. I11. 200 The lessee had 
no other remedy against the ejector but in damages. 1817 
W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius 11. 680 The parties, viz. the 
plaintiff, and the defendant, the ejector, usually termed the 
casual ejector, are fictitious persons. 1880 MuirHEAD Gaius 
1v. § 154 The result of violent, clandestine, or precarious 
taking from the ejector himself. 

2. Applied to various portions of machinery, ete. 
serving the purpose of ejecting; e.g. an appliance 
for discharging empty cartridge cases from a 
breech-loader ; a contrivance for ejecting the ashes 
from the stoke-hole of a marine engine ; an appa- 
ratus for discharging the contents of sewers by 
means of compressed air, ete. Also aftrid., as 
in efector-condenser, -sewer. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Ejector-condenser (steam- 
engine), a form of condenser worked by the exhaust steam 
from the cylinder. 188: Greener Gun 128 The ejector is 
acted upon through its rear claw, that nearest its pivot. 
1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 57/2 Egg-shaped Isaac Shone’s 
House Ejector Sewers. 1887 Daily News 25 Oct. 5/2 Of 
these ejectors there are eight, placed in pairs in different 
parts of the town. : 

ulation. Ods. [ad. L. dulation-em, noun 
of action f. Zu/are to wail.] Wailing, lamentation. 
ax619 Fotnersy A theom., 1, xv. § 2 (1622) 156 It should 
be lamented, with this pitifull eiulation. Gentl. 
Call. § 7 Pref. 3 What ejulations can_be bitter or loud 
enough. 1708 J. Puitiirs Cyder 11. 85 With dismal groans 
and Ejulations in the pangs of death. 1721-1800 in Baiey. 
1755 in JouNson ; and in mod. Dicts. 
FE jurate, v. Obs. [f. L. Hirat- ppl. stem of 
gurare to abjure.] f¢vans, To abjure, renounce. 

Ience Ejura‘tion (see quot.). 

1622-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 209 The Faith of 
Christ .. was defiled with Arrianism ; not ejurated till the 
year 588. 1626 Cockeram, E/urate, to forsweare, or re- 
signe ones place. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Ejuration, a re- 


nouncing or resignation, LLIPS, 1721-1800 
in BatLey. 

+ Ejure, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. Hiir-dre: see 
prec.] = prec. 


1642 Rocers Naaman 855 To be a close client of his for 
ever, ejuring all former false and idolatrous service, 
+ ike (7k), 39.1 Obs, exc. dial. Forms: 16nek 
3, 6, 9 eke, Sc. (6 eik, 7 eeke). See also Ecue sé, 
OE. éaca = ON. auke:—OTeut. *aukon-, f. same 
root as EcuE v.] 
1. An addition, increase; a piece added on; a 
supplement. In OE,, A reinforcement (of troops), 
894 O. EL. Chron, (Parker MS.) Him com micel eaca to. 


tach m tee Pen, Hi 
cigg ys chosty at ether cheke Whit yh at rod on ee 


<7 Pail Mall. G. 22 Aug: 20/2 It [a salmon] was a male 
» or whe Ady wig in north ngland amongst 
Eke (7k), v. Forms: 1 (see ECHE v.), 2-3 
eken, 4-6 ek, (4 ayke, seke(n), 5-8 eek(e, 6-7 


eak(e, (7 eck, eyk), 4- eke, 5— Sc. eik. ly f. 
EKE 56.1; partly dial. (northern) form of vJ 
1. ‘vans. To increase, add to, lengthen. Also 


absol. + Neither to eke nor to pair (.Sc.); neither 
to add to nor take from. Proverb, Avery /ittle 
ehes. arch. or dial. 

¢ 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 57 pe holie man fasted forto.. 
eken his holinesse. ax '. E. Psalter civ. [cv.} He 
ayked his folk swith mikel on an. cx400 Aol. 13 

owe. .pepricis are ekid. Jbid. 26 Pey. .3ekun per synnis. 
¢ 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 133 Theyr bounté for to 
eeke. 1530 Patscr. 531/2, I eke..my gowne is to 
for me, but I wyll eke it. 1566 Knox Hist. Ref Wks. 
(1846) I. 130 This miserie .. which the malice of man cane 
neyther eak nor paire. +599 Harsnet Agst. Darell 193 
As they say, Every thing Eiketh. 1609 Skene Reg. May. 
96 Quhen partie hes named ane certaine number of 
witnes, he may not thereafter eike, nor pair the number of 
pry mone 1639 ae ag oi . 10 A litle . 

ULLER Pisg. 72 It not ig princely to .. ee! 

the — a vail of = Fs me reagyeny Loe x] od 
trived. 1731 Pore Ef. Burlington 32 e patch’ - 
hole ek’d with ends of wall. x Secegare Quix. (1803) 
II, 258 Without eking or cu! God's precious tru 
1829 CLare Ode Autumn, Anniversary 76 The moaning 
brook, that ekes its weary 

+b. intr. To increase, grow. Ods. 

1535 Stewart Chron, Scot, 111, 162 His power eikit so 
an 


Ww. 
+. To add. Const. +4, to. Also absol, Obs, 


it vvere with you. Ce/, And mine to eeke out hers. 
Liste 42 /fric on O. & N. T. To Rar. 6 Best is he that 
uents, the next he that followes forth and eekes out a 
inuention. 1 Baad For Crusoe (1858) 140 My ink.. 
been . all but avery little, which 1 eked out with 
1788 Burns Z.xt: 2 , But what his 
sense came short, He eked out wi’ law, man. 
Nile Tribut. xx. 353, 1 determined Wee 
scanty supply of water, 1874 Sayce Ci % 
The anus of thes tere. races’] has 
out by gesture. 1878 H. S. Witson A/p. Ascents ii 
After a glass apiece we eke out the remainder with 
b. To prolong (a or compositi 
action) by expedients devised for that purpose ; 


5 


sxe 
Beers 
ie fa Eid $ 


contrive to fill up (a certain amount of space in — 


ecking out..the Si 
1747 Jounson Plan 
ia Jom 


signifies to lengthen it beyond its just dimensions 
od some low artifice. 7 pp ket ol. Le tr 


ae sound. 

e. To contrive to make (a livelihood), or to 
nae pecan = by various makeshifts. = 
the exis 

a 


. Jurrerson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. eke ot 
7. narra Aui 1659 1. 09 ee 


nai 


tenet 


1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. ii (1879) 19 


arooo Sal. §& Sat, 460 (Gr.) is wi h 
wopes eaca, 1786 Geppes Prosp. New Trans. Bible 95 
The words in Italics. .are ill-assorted and clumsy 
ekes. Mod. Sc. It would be too short without an eke. 


2. spec. a. A tag toa bell-rope; also attrid., as 
in dell-eke. Also Ecur. b. A short straw or 
wooden cylinder on which a beehive is placed to 
increase its pene. 

1549 in Miss T. S Rotherham Acc. Gem 12 Paid to 
Robt. Machon for a neke to per pet Bell. 1566 Rocers 
es for bell ropes 1/4. 


A, . & Prices 111. 577/2,6 ek 1594in 
Mee Smith Rot, on Acc. (1878) 12 Payd unto Robert 


Some runaway slaves. .contrived to eke out a su 
“To che wp t0 wapply, repel 
é to e oe as Sup) 
ike (ik ale, arch. ocmeaal 
60), 3-4 00; ok, 3:00, oleate 
yke), 6-7 eake, Sc. 6 
[Com. Teut. :—OE. éac = OF 1 
ook), OHG. ouk (MHG. on 


= 


EKEBERGITE. 


ON. auk ‘also’ (Da. og, Sw. och ‘and’), Goth. awk 
for, but. The ultimate origin is uncertain; some 
connect the word with the root of EKE wv., while 
others consider it f. Aryan *az again + *ge particle 
of emphasis ; cf. Gr. ad ye. The form of in 13th c. 
is app. a. ON.] Also, too, moreover; in addition. 

Beowulf 3131 (Gr.) Dracan ec scufun Wyrm ofer weall 
clif. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 846 Quinetiam, ec pan..ac don. 
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 9 Ic eow secge, eac maran 
ponne witegan. 1154 O. Z. Chron. an, 1118 Eac on pison 
Beare was ungemetliche mycel wind. c¢ 1175 Lamb. Hom. 
3 Mid his apostles and ec mid odere floc manna. c¢ 1175 
Cott. Hom. 221 Swa mihte zac odre. a1z2g Ancr, 
R. 56 Vor pet ec pet he dude hire was ide frumde sore 
hire undonckes. @1300 Havelok 200 Pe beste, fayreste, 
the strangest ok. c1325 Z. Z. Adlit, P. A. 210 Her here 
heke al hyr vmbe-gon. Lancet, P, Pl. A.1. 88 And eke 
Lliknet to vr lord. ¢1386 Cuaucer Prol. 757 Eke therto he 
was right a mery man. a@ 1420 OccLeve De Reg. Princ. 565 
‘The ende is dethe of male and eke femele. 1500-20 DunBAR 
How Dunbar ane Freir 38 In it haif I in pulpet gon and 

reichit In Derntoun kirk, and eik in Canterberry. 1580 

IDNEY Arcadia u. 219 These forrests eke, made wretched 
by our music. 1616 R.C. Zimes’ Whis. v. 1658 But eke doth 
comprehend That base vnmanly sinne of drunkennesse. 
1759 SteRNE Tr. Shandy u. ii. 39 Supposing the wax good, 
andekethe thimble. a@ 1856 Loner. Childr. Lord’s Supper 
122 Answered the young men Yes! and Yes! with lips 
softl breathing answered the maidens eke. ; 

e sg, vee Min. [f. name of the Swedish 
traveller Akeberg+-1TE.] An important member 
of the scapolite family occurring in square prisms 
of a white, greyish, greenish, or reddish colour. 

1822 CLEVELAND Min. 359 [Ekebergite of Thomson] is 
probably a variety of scapolite. 1884 Dana Mix. 325 It is 
probable that the mineral is an altered ekebergite. 

+ E-kement. Oés.rare—'. [f. EKEv. + -MENT.] 
An increase, extension, enlargement. 

a@ 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 586 
There is no ekement or inlargement in matter. 

+ Evke-name. Ods. [f. Exx sé.+ Name; cf. 
ON. aukanafn.] An additional name, a nickname. 

Now superseded by the corrupt form NickNAME: a neke- 
name (Promp, Parv.) for an ekename. 

1303 Brunne Handi. Synne 1530 As moche ban he ys to 
blame Pat 3eueb a man a vyle ekename. 7483 Cath. Angi. 
112 An Ekname, agnomen, 1885 CLopp Myths § Dr.1. 
vi. 109 Nicknames (z.e. ekename or the added name). 

*; Eker 1, Obs.—° [f. EKE v.+-ER.] One who 
increases. 

1483 Cath. Angl. 112 An eker, auctor, augmentator. 

+ Eker 2, Obs, rare. Also iker. [Origin and 
meaning unknown ; possibly a corruption of ker, 
NickEr, water-sprite. Cf. also EaGRE.] 

¢ 1300 K. Adis. 6175 They woneth in water, y-wis, With 
eker [v.~ Iker] and fysch. /did. 6202 He say the ekeris 
wonynge And the fysches lotynge. 

@ ‘kin), vol. sb. [f. Exe v. + -1ne 1] 

1. The action of adding or making an addition ; 
the action of putting an ‘eke’ to (a bell-rope). 

c 1425 Wyntoun Cron, vi. viii. 53 In ekyngals of Goddis 
serwyce Scho fowndyt..twachapellanyis. 1576 in Miss T. 
Smith Rotherham Acc. (1878) 12 For ekeing of a bell-rope. 
1579 SpeNsER Sheph. Cal. Sept. 31 But such eeking hath 
made my hart sore, Z 

2. An augmentation, increase. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 22 And make an ekynge of my 
peine. 1483 Cath. Angi. 112 An Ekynge, augmentum. 
1611 Corcr. s.v. Accrue, a growth, eeking, augmentation. 

3. (See quot.) 

1 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Ekeing, a piece of wood 
fitted, by scarphing or butting, to make good a deficiency 
in length, as the end of a knee and the like. The ekeing is 
also the carved work under the lower part of the quarter- 
Piece, at the aft part of the gallery. 

(kin), pp. a. [f. as prec. + -1nG2,] 
That serves to eke out. 

1653 Bfarnapas] O[tey] Account of Wks. in Yackson’s 
Wés., His stile .. is more short than other Authours in Re- 
latives, in Eeking and helping particles. 1814 D’Israrti 

uarrels Auth. (1867) 346 Suppressed invectives and eking 
rhymes could but ill appease so fierce a mastiff. 

te (ekménait). Min. [so called by 
Igelstrém 1865, after G. Ekmann, the Y staeae 
of the mine where found; see -1TH. hydrous 
silicate of iron and manganese, resembling chlorite 
in appearance. 

1868 Dana Jin. 490 Ekmannite..on heating yields water. 

El, obs. form of AwL. 

el, sefix1, repr. OE. -el, -ela, -ele (OTeut. *-zlo-, 
-tlon-, -tlén-), has in mod.Eng. usually become 
-LE, q. v., though the older form is retained after 
v, th, ch, n, as in hovel, brothel, hatchel, kernel. 

OE. -ed is added to vbl. stems to form agent-nouns, in- 
strumental sbs., and adjs., and to sbs. to form diminutives ; 
-ela, -ele, are chiefly used to form diminutives from sbs. 
and object-nouns from vbl. stems. See further under -LE. 

-el, sufix*, a. OF, -e/ (mod.F. usu. -eaz), -elle, 
repr. L. -ello-, -ella-. This suffix is in classical 
Latin used to form diminutives from sbs. or adjs. 
in -er and -ra, as libellus, libella, from Liber book, 

libra balance ; it is also substituted for -z/o-, -x/a-, 
to form diminutives of nouns of that termination, 
where the latter had lost its original diminutive 
force, as in forcellus little pig, dim. of porculus, 
f. porc-us Pig. In Romanic it was much more 
widely used in the formation of diminutives, Ex- 


67 


amples in Eng. (with the spelling -e/) are (from 
the mase. -ée/), tunnel, bowel, carnel; (from the 
fem, -elle) chapel, novel, pimpernel, etc. 

2. It should be noted that the ending -e/ in Eng. 
words adapted from Fr. frequently represents other 
L. suffixes than -e//o-, -el/a-; e.g. in jewel, vowel, 
it stands for Fr. -e/:—L. -d/i- (see -au) ; in apparel 
for Fr. -e¢/:—L. -iculo- (see -cLE); in kennel for 
Fr. -2/:—L. -i/e, as in ovile sheepfold. 

+ Ela (214°). Mus. Obs. exc. Hist. Also 7 
eela. [f. E+La; denoting the particular note E 
which occurred only in the seventh Hexachord, in 
which it was sung to the syllable Za. Cf. ELaMt.] 

The highest note in the Gamut, or the highest 
note of the 7th Hexachord of Guido, answering 
to the upper E in the treble. Often ig. as a type 
of something ‘high-flown’. Also attrib. 

1580 Lyty Exphues (1609) Aij, The Musitions, who being 
intreated, will scarse sing Sol Fa, but not desired, straine 
aboue Ela. 1593 Nasue Christ’s 7. 64 a, You must straine 
your wits an Ela oboue theyrs. 1607 WaLKINGTON Of/, 
Glass 168 Vntill our wit can reach an Ela straine. 1649 
Butwer Pathomyot. u. ii. 111 Although it [laughter] be at 
the highest pitch and scrued up to the very Eela of mirth, 
it vanisheth away. 1675 J. Smitu Chr. Relig. Appeal 1.50 
An Age elevated above the Ela of common Humanity. 
1820 Scotr Adéot II. 1v. 121 ‘Why God-a-mercy..this is a 
note above E La.’ 

Elaat, obs. form of ELATE a. 

Elaate (elajeit). Chem. [f. Eua-ic+-aTe.] A 
salt of elaic acid. 

1845 Topp & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. 82 An elaate of 
glycerine. 

la*be, v. vare—'. [ad. L. eabi, f. & out + 
labi to glide.] zntr. To slip away. 

it ga B. Harrer Bertrand. ii. 15 She .. to a convent 
hied Whence she will ne’er emerge till he’s no more... With 
him elabes the anchor of her vow. 


Elaborate (fle borét), pple. and a. [ad. L. 
élaborat-us, pa. pple. of daboradre to ELABORATE. ] 
+A. as pple. = ELABORATED: see ELABORATE 7. 
158r Nowe tt & Day in Confer. 1. (1584) G b, It was elabor- 
ate before, by the .. studie of all the best learned Iesuites. 
B. as adj. 

1. Produced or accomplished by labour. Also, 
that has been subjected to processes of art; = 
ELABORATED. Odés. or arch. 

2 NasHe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 19 a, Some elaborate 
pollished Poems. 1607 TorseL, Four-f. Beasts 27 The 
Gray. .leaveth her elaborate house to the Fox. 1725 Porr 
Odyss. x1v. 360 The vast unnumber’d store Of steel elab’- 
rate, and refulgent ore. 1779 Jounson L. P., Cowley, Wks. 
II, 65 He has no elegances either lucky orelaborate. 1814 
Soutuey Roderick xxv. 152 Eyeing the elaborate steel. 


_ 2. Worked out in much detail ; highly finished. 


162x Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii. 1v. (1676) 176/1 Those ela- 
borate Maps of Ortelius. 1687 Penal Laws 22 A..venera- 
tion for his Learned and Elabourate Works. 1704 DAVENANT 
in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 397 IV. 244, I had prepared a very ela- 
borate letter to Her Royal Highness. 1862 Darwin Fertil. 
Orchids ii. 71 In the same flower we apparently have ela- 
borate contrivances for directly opposed objects. 1875 
Hamerton /xtell. Life x. v. 393 In scientific pursuits the 
preparations are usually elaborate. 1875 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) I. 112 He then proceeds to give another and more 
elaborate explanation of the whole passage. 

b. Of an investigation, a study, an operation, 
etc.: Conducted with great minuteness. Hence 
transf. applied to personal agents or their attri- 
butes: Minutely careful, painstaking. 

1649 Mitton ikon. iv. (1851) 362 The King was em- 
phatical and elaborate on this Theam against Tumults. 
1669 GALE Crt. Gentiles 1. m1. ii. 28 Amongst the Ancients, 
none have 4 ee more elaborate studies herein than Euse- 
bius. 1728 Morcan Algiers I. iii. 37 He was a most curi- 
ous and elaborate Collector of valuable Histories. 1782 V. 
Knox £ss. (1819) III. cxxxvii. 89 From the annals of the 
elaborate Maittaire. @1836 W. Gopwin Zssays (1873) 193 
The world is busy and elaborate to tear him from my 
recollection. rf Mortey Voltaire (1886) 86 He read 
Shakespeare, and made an elaborate study of his method. 

Elaborate (‘le boreit), v. [f. L. Zabdrat- ppl. 
stem of @abdrare to work out, produce by labour, 
f. 2 out + Jabdrare to LaBour. aie 

Sense 2 may probably be the earliest in Eng. from the use 
of the L. word by writers on alchemy or medici Cf. Fr. 
élaborer, 16th c. (Littré)=sense 2.] 

1. To produce or develop by the application of 
labour ; to fashion (a product of art or industry) 
from the raw material; to work out in detail, give 
finish or completeness to (an invention, a theory, 
literary or artistic work, etc.). : 

1611 Cotcr., Elabourer, to elaborate. 1626 CockEeRAM, 
Elaborate, to do a thing with great paines. 1726 Younc 
Love Fame Wks. (1866) II. 96 Attend, and you discern it 
[ambition] in the fair Conduct a finger, Or, in full joy, elabo- 
rate asigh. 1846 Ruskin Mod. Paint. (1848) I. 1.1. vii. § 12 
85 The objects of landscape may be either elaborated or sug- 

ested according to their place andclaim. 1850 GLapsTonE 

lean. V. cx. 238 The constitutional system which was in 
course of being gradually elaborated and matured. 1865 
Lecxy Ration. (1878) II. v. 199 He elaborates his theory 
from his own reason. 875 owetT Plato (ed. 2) III. 390 
Little things are elaborated with an infinity of pains. 

2. ¢ransf. Of nature or natural agencies: To 
produce (a chemical substance) from (its) ele- 
ments or sources; to fashion or develop (an 


ELABORATORY. 


animal or vegetable tissue, etc.); also, to trans- 
mute (crude materials) zo a developed product. 

1607 WALKINGTON Oft. Glass. 54 Nothing elaborates our 
concoction more then sleepe. 1665-9 BoyLe Occas. Refi. 
(1675) 65 Honey .. is elaborated by the Bee. 1671 J. WeEs- 
sTER Metallogr. iv. 81 If the waters be saltish, pure and clear, 
.-then a pure Metal is generated; but in defect of purit 
an Impure Metal, in elaborating of which, Nature spreadet! 
++a thousand years. 1744 BERKELEY Siris § 87 The 
animal spirits are elaborated from the blood. 1828 STevART 
Planter's G. 211 As well might it be imagined, that the 
roots elaborate it [the sap] in the leaves. 1834 SouTHEY 
Doctor \xxvi. (1862) 161 ‘The Sun, under whose influence 
one plant elaborates nutriment for man and another poison. 
1870 H. MacmiLian Bible Teach. x. 194 Year after year.. 
the leaf is elaborating from air and rain and sunshine .. 
those solid structures which are destined to outlive it. 

Elaborated (¢leboreited), pl. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED1.] That has been worked up, has under- 
gone preparation or development ; worked out in 
detail, finely wrought, etc. (see the vb.). 

1602 Warner Ad, Eng. xu. lxx. (1612)295 One elaborated 
Pen compendiously doth floe. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. 
Fam. Ep. Wks. (1711) 162 He doth it so‘ finely as if he 
found such purposes in his way, and went not astray with 
a_ search too curiously elaborated. 1824 Dispin Libr. 
Contp. 740 It is the most perfect and highly elaborated of all 
the author’s pieces. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 23 An 
instrument of a more elaborated character. 

Elaborately (lx boretli), adv. [f. Enano- 
RATE @.+-LY1l.] In an elaborate manner. 

1633 Earve Microcosm. (Arb.) 104 He is so elaborately 
excessive, that none will believe him. 1724 Swirt Drapzer's 
Lett. Wks. 1755 V. 1. 48 It is.. elaborately shewn, that 
former patents have passed in the same manner. 1823 ScoTT 
Peveril x\viii, I see you are elaborately dressed. 

Elaborateness (‘lex‘bér’tnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.]_ The quality of being elaborate. 

1694 Ecuarp Plautus Pref., His [‘Terence’s] extream Close- 
ness and great Elaborateness. 1779 Jonnson L. P. Wks. 1816 
X. 167 The ‘Old Bachelor’..is..composed with great ela- 
borateness of dialogue. 1874 CarreNnTER Ment. Phys. 1. ii. 
§ 3 (1879) 99 For they are further remarkable for the elabo- 
rateness of their internal structure. 

Elaboration (/le:boréi-fan). [ad. late L. eaéd- 
vation-em, noun of action f. eabdrare: see ELa- 
BORATE v.] 

1. The process of producing or developing from 
crude materials ; + sfec. in Chemistry (see quot. 
1612). Also, the process of working out in de- 
tail, developing, perfecting (an invention, a theory, 
a literary work, etc.). 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate (Chemistry) (1617) 304 Where 
distillations doe preuaile Distraction takes the head, Then 
by Elaboration Wise men may be misled. 1858 GLADSTONE 
Homer II. 531 The first thought of Virgil was his Emperor 
..the second the elaboration of his verse. 

b. The state of being elaborated ; elaborateness. 

1824 Dispin Libr. Comp. 770 Intermediate editions of .. 
less elaboration. 1861 W. Cottins Dead Secr. 149 The 
housekeeper cleared her throat with extraordinary loudness 
and elaboration, and read on thus. 1877 Mrs. OLIPHANT 
Makers Flor. xiii. 319 Various copies exist in various stages 
of elaboration. ; ; ; 

2. The production by natural agencies of chemical 
substances from their elements or sources; sec. 
(in Physiology) the formation of animal or veget- 
able tissues, or the changes undergone by alimen- 
tary substances from their reception into the body 
to their complete assimilation. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man v.81 b, Arteries. .by their heat 
helpyng to the exact elaboration of his bloud. 1677 W. 
Harris tr. Lemery’s Course Chym. 1. xx. (1686) 442 Milk is 
a chyle which. .has received but a light Elaboration. 1725 
Brapvey Fam. Dict. I. s.v. Vegetables, There happen dif- 
ferent Fermentations and other Elaborations amongst the 
sensible parts. 1858 Carpenter Veg. Phys. § 220 In this 
process of Elaboration .. the most important change is the 
concentration of the fluid. 

3. concr. in various senses. 

1765 Univ. Mag. XXXVII. 235/1 This spirit is a last 
elaboration. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith ww. ii. § 1. 177 
Science is an elaboration. 1 Cassell's Techn. Educ. 1. 
200/1 Fig. 138 is a further elaboration of the same design, 
the lines being doubled. 

Elaborative (‘le'bérétiv), a. [f. L. laborat- 
ppl. stem of daborare + -IvE.] That has the 
property of elaborating. 

18: Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. (1859) 11. xx. 14 The 
Elaborative or Discursive Faculty. 1845 Florist $rui. 
45 The elaborative organs of the plants | 1876 A. M. Farr- 
BAIRN in Contemp. Rev. June 135 Ancient heresies were 
elaborative, modern disintegrative of dogma. 

Ela’borator. [as if L. *2/abdrator : see Evaso- 
RATE v. and -or.]_ One who or that which elabo- 
rates. In mod. Dicts. ; 


Elaboratory (‘lebératori). [as if ad. L. 
*2laboratorium, f. laborare to ELABORATE. ] 

1. A place where chemical operations are per- 
formed, or where medicines are compounded ; = 
Laporatory. Oés. exc. Hist. 

1652 Evetyn St. France Misc. (1805) 81 Every great person 
.. pr ds to his elab y and library. 1676 Cotes, 
bdentery + a(chymist’s) workhouse or shop. 1759 B. 
Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 258 Two Elaboratories; one 
for Chymical, and the other for Galenical Preparations. 
1801 Med. V. 200 Dr. Pearson's Lectures .. will re- 
commence in the Elaboratory. 1873 M. Cotuins Sg. Si/- 
chester’s I. y. 71 Parlour, bedroom, elaboratory, kitchen. 


9-2 


ELABOUR. 


2. A natural apparatus for elaborating any pro- 
duct of vital action. (Formerly ¢vans/. from 1.) 

1667 Phil. Trans. 11. 578 The Sanguification is performed 
in any one part of the Animal, as the peculiar Shop or 
Elaboratory of it. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 1x. 325 
Obstruction of the passages, by which the Aliment 
to its elaboratories. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 86. 2/ The 
Elaboratory of the Nervous Juice. a Florist’s Frni, 11 
The functions of leaves are to. .act as elaboratories. 

+ Ela‘bour, v. Oés. [ad. F. elabour-er (Cotgr.) 
or L. éabdrare to ELABORATE.] 

1. trans. = ELABORATE 2. 2. 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg., Straunge Wds., More 
parfectly digested and elaboured. 1606 Birnie Kirkburiadl 
x. (Jam. Suppl.) A sepulchrall Pyramide elabored by the 

efull taske of God’s people. 1653 Urqunart Radelais 
rol, The marrow is a nourishment most perfectly ela- 
boured by nature. - 

2. intr. To struggle to make one’s way. 

1606 Warner Alb. Eng. cii. 403 Flesh so proudlie stout 
That but as in a Labyrinth elaboureth about. 

+ Ela‘e , v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. *éla- 
crimat- ppl. stem of *élacrimédre, f. 2 out + lacrim- 
dre to shed tears, weep: cf. LacryMatL, etc.] 
trans. To shed in the form of tears. 

1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 403 The trunk..elacry- 
mates a certain Gummeous Succe. 

+ Ela‘ct, v. Ols. rare. [as if ad. L. *élactare, 
f. 2 out + /actare to suckle.] trans. To suckle. 

a 1521 Helyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1828) 116 She found 
in her bed three fayre children The which she elacted and 
gave to souke of her owne milke. 

Elzo-, comb. form of Gr. éAao-v oil (properly 
olive-oil), used in technical, chiefly chemical, 
words, as Eleocerate (e:lz\osie'reit) [cf. CERATE], 
same as CERATE. Elwomargaric (acid) (e:li,o- 
maige'rik), a. [cf. Maraanric], an acid found in 
the oil extracted from the seeds of some species of 
Eleococca. Elseometer (elz\p'm/taz) ; also elaio- 
[see Mrrer], ‘an instrument for determining the 
specific weight of oils, and so their purity’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). Bleopten(e (elzigptim); also ela-. 
[Gr. mrnv-és winged, volatile: cf. Fr. é/éoptdne], 
the liquid part of a volatile oil, as distinguished 
from the crystallizable portion called ‘stearoptene’ 
or‘camphor’. Eleostearic (ac7d) (e:lz\o,stz;2"rik), 
a. (cf. STEARIC], a solid acid separated by the 
action of alcohol upon the solid fat obtained 
from the oil of Z/xococca. 

Elezodic (elzovdik), a. Chem. [f. Gr. édaidd- 
ns oily (f. éAa-ov oil) + -1c.] A synonym for 
RIcrNoueto (acid). 

1882 Warts Dict. Chem. 

Eleolate (/17-01ét). Med. [obscurely f. Gr. 
€dat-ov oil.] ‘A medicament which has a volatile 
oil for its base’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Eleolite (/17-lsit). Ain. Also elao-. [f. Gr. 
éAa-oy oil, olive oil+-LiTz.] A variety of nephe- 
lite occurring massive, or in large crystals, and 
having a greasy lustre. 

1816 R. Jameson Char. Min. 11. 43 It is named Elaolite 
.-0n account of its resinous lustre, 1846 Penny Cycl. 1st 
Supp. Il. 305/1 Elaolite.. occurs in amorphous masses. 
1877 Warts Dict. Chem. IV. 30 Before the blow-pipe, ne- 
phelin melts with difficulty to a vesicular glass; cheolite 
easily. 1879 RutLey Stud. Rocks x. 108 Elzolite is a 
greenish, brownish, sometimes reddish variety of nepheline. 

Elaic (lz ik), a. Chem. [irreg. f. Gr. édat-ov 
oil+-10: cf. Evaty.] = Oxgic (acid). 

1845 Topp & Bowman Phys, Anat. I. 82 The acids are, 
the stearic, margaric, and elaic, 

=! (ele\itdik), @. Chem. [f. as prec. + 
-idic: cf. caffeidic, glycidic, etc.} The designa- 
tion of an acid C,, H,, O,, a solid isomeric modi- 
fication of elaic (oleic) acid, produced by the 
action of nitrous acid. Also Elaidic ethers: a 
name for two oily liquids, Llaidate of Ethyl 
(Cys Hs; O, «Cy H;) and Zlaidate of Methyl (Cy, Hys 
O,-CH;), prepared from elaidic acid and alcohol. 
So Blavidate [see -aTE4], a salt of elaidic acid. 
Ela‘idin [see -1N], a solid isomeric modification 
of olein, produced by the action of nitrous acid 
on olein. f 

¢ Letuesy in Cire. Sc. 1. 97/1 The conversion of the 

tke io” BT Chem. 


liquid oleic acid into solid elaid 2 . hs 
Org. Bodies 345 Elaidic ether. /did. 436 Elaidates of 


potash .. Elaidate of esia is not sensibly soluble in 
water. 1869 Roscor "Elem. Chem. 390 Oleic acid when 


acted upon by nitrous acid forms. -elaidic acid. c 1865 
——— in Circ. Sc. I. 102/1 The note the oil bein; 
converted into a semi-transparen' Mass, 
elaidine. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Elaidin. 


[irreg. f. Gr. €Aat-ov oil + -IN; 


(As a trade term commonly iced Zéi*n.) 
1810 Henry Elem. Chem. (bo) An oil which is .. 
aed by Chevreul elain (from éAacov, 


Phys, 1. 59/1 Fat consists werent of two proximate 
ey? stearine and elaine. c 1865 Leruesy in Circ. Sc. 
+. 105/1 elaine or oleine of palm oil. 1875 Ure Dict. 


rts III. 431 The particles consist of a strong membranous 
skin, enclosing stearine and elaine, or solid and liquid fat. 


Elaiodic, -ometer: see E:zxo-. 

Elam. var. of Heum, dia/., handful of thatch. 

+ Ela:mbica‘tion. 0/s.-° [ad. med.L. Zam- 
bication-em: see ALEMBICATION.] ‘Old term for 
a mode of analysing mineral waters, for the pur- 
pose of investigating their aap either by the 
sand bath, or by heat in a glass vessel’ (Mayne). 

+ E-la-mi. J/us. Ods. Also 6 ellamy. The 
note E, sung to the syllable /a or mz according as it 
occurred in one or the other of the Hexachords to 
which it belonged. 

¢1550 Armonye of Byrdes in Hazl. Z. P. P. 111.187 Then 
sang the. pamage the trebble in ellamy. 2596 Suaxs. Tam, 
Shr. ut. i. 78 E la mi. 17ax Crsper Double Gall. 1, One 
lai in Gamut, another sneeres in Elami Alt. 

i ‘mp, v. Obs. rare. [?f. E- pref3 + 
Lamp z.; h. suggested by Gr. é«Adun-ew to 
shine forth.] zx¢r. To shine forth. 

1610 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict, in Farr’s S. P. Yas. 1,42 
The cheerfull sunne, elamping wide Glads all world 
with his uprising ray. 

| Blan. [Fr.; believed to be f. dancer (see 
next).] a. An impetuous rush (e.g. of troops). 
b. In Eng. use chiefly aés¢r.: Ardour, impetuous- 
ness, vivacity. 

1880 Burton Reign Q. Anne III. xiv. 22 With the first 
charge—the élan as they like to call it, the French seemed 
to carry all before them. 1880 Fraser's Mag. May 651 The 
unquenchable ¢/an of boyhood. 

Hlance (flans), v. Ods. or arch. fad. F. 
élancer = It. slanciare, Pr. eslansar, f. L. ex out 
+late L. lanceare, f. lancea LANcE. 

1. trans. To launch ; to cast or throw (a lance 
or dart). Also fig. 

1718 Prior 2nd Hymn Callim. to Apollo, Thy unerrin; 
Hand elanc’d .. another Dart. — Poems 436 The Wor 
obscene, Or harsh, which once elanc’d must ever fly Irre- 
vocable, 1742 Younc N+. Th, 1x. 628 Elance thy thought, 
and think of more than man, c1800 K. Wusre Time 444 
The Holy One.. elanced The rolling world along its airy 
way. 1839 Baitey Festus (1848) 9/2 A thousand worlds.. 
were elanced Each minute into life. 


2. intr. for refl. To shoot, dart, glance. 

1729 Savace Wanderer iii. 85 We behold .. Cross ether 
swift elance, the vivid fires ! 

Eland (7:land). [a. Du. e/and elk. 

The Du. word is a. Ger. edend (elentier), believed to be ad. 
Lith. é/mis elk. See Ettan, ELLenp, which are earlier 
adoptions of the word from sources other than Du.) 

The largest member (Soselaphus Oreas) of the 
Antelope tribe, belonging to S. Africa, standing 
five feet high at the shoulders, of a heavy build, 
for the most part very fat, and much prized for 
its flesh. Also attrib. 

1786 tr. Sparrman's Voy. Cape G. Hope 11. 204 Eland. .is 
a name given by the colonists to a species of gazel. 1834 
Penny Cycl. I. 89/1 Elands..are now rarely met with ex- 
cept in the most distant and retired parts of the colony 
[Cape Colony]. 1857 Livincstone J rav. ii. 43 The eland 
..would grace the parks of our nobility more than deer. 
1866 — Frni. ix. (1873) I. 227 A piece of eland meat. 

obs. var. of ISLAND. 

Elanet (e'lanét). [app. f. mod.L. elan-us (by 
some writers conjectured to be ad. Fr. an dart- 
ing motion) + ~ A species of kite, the Z/anus 
melanopterus or Black-winged Swallow-hawk. 

1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. V111. 538 Kite..a genus of fal- 
conidz, or a sub-family including elanets, etc, 

Elaolite, etc.: see ELZOLITE, etc. 

Elaopten(e, var. of ELmopren(E: see ELxo-. 

Elaphine (elaifein), a. [f. L. elaph-us, a, Gr. 
éAap-os stag, deer + -INE.] Belonging to or re- 
sembling the stag. 

1835 SwAINSON Quadru, The elaphine group. 1 
ree Mag. haa 209 The elaphine p-.is aitipalty 
represented in India by the. . Axis or ges Stag. 

+ Ela te, v. Obs.—° [f. L. ea; ~ ppl. 
stem of *elapidare to clear from stones, f. @ out, 
away + /apid-em stone.) ¢vans. To rid or clear 


(a place) of stones. 
née in Coca 1656 in Brounr Glossogr. 1721-1800 in 


AL 

Hence + Bla‘pida:ted, #//. a. + Ela:pida‘tion. 
1721-1800 in BaiLey ; in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 
i Ela (flaps). [mod.L. a. Gr, éAay corrupt 
var. of €AAoy: see ELLoPS.] A — of venomous 
colubrine snakes, chiefly found in the tropical 
countries both of the Old and New World. 

Elapse (/le'ps), v. [f. L. daps- ppl. stem of 
élabi to slip or glide away : see Carat) 

1. intr. Of time, a period of time: To slip by, 
pass awey, expire. (Perfect soaee cone. wi ) 
11 ti The hoe was a ceamaeaele Gon anaes 
last, which time was elapsed. 1758 Jounson /d/er No. 10 
Po The time elapses without a revolution. 1792 T. Jerrer- 
clayowl, “tah Wicaitsy Wists MarR ate Siaseny dome 

A} . . ade be 
years bes a ree, Oe ‘Restoration aes Ceaee 

. Three years.. elapse 
between the mewblied ron Parliament cr ye another, 

+ 2. trans. To suffer (time) to pass by. Ods. 

1654 CroMWELL y. 22 Fong You have wholly es oy 
your time. 1703 Lond. Gas. 4105/1 Fulke Emes Gent. 
and others, who had Elapsed their times .. for paying their 


ELASTIC. 
M a Tatler N 6 
Manes, 5 ‘at. AM atode st Dead Persons, who have 
condition). b. To slip awa from memory 
1742 pes Wks. TV. 48s He BSnieereaprn. 
and FALconer Shipwr. mt. 544 

Swift from their minds all dangers past. 

4. nonce-use. To flow gently from. 

1839 Baitey Festus (1 One there was From whose 
sweet lips i 


as oe Rpnerenny diem 


am Wecter Corr. (1843) 11. 514 To take the oaths before 


A Atrorp in Li, 
world is a Tinta whi God latsa partial onal oi peine 
stream of the great deep of eternity. 
+ Ela sb. arch. [f. prec. vb.: cf. Lapse sb.] 


1. A flowing out or away; fg. an emanation, 
effluence (of divine , etc.). 

@ 1677 Barrow Serm., (1686) I11. 426 The sweet elapses of 
spiritual consolation in devotion. @1703 Pomrret Rev. 
(1724) 9 Some nobler Bard, O Sacred Power. .th’ Elapses to 
receive. 181x Pinkerton Petrad. 11. 370 The under cur- 
rent continues to flow; so that upon its complete elapse, 
“3. "Expiration, lan of time) 

, jiration, , passing away (of time). 

1793 ANNA SzwarD Pers » (1828) VIII. 464 The 
distinctions of Whig and Tory. .have lost their force during 
the elapse of many years. 1800 Lssay on Ramsay in 
Ramsay's Wks. (1848) 1. 70 The elapse of a few months 
justified the poet's ight. cxB800 K. Wurre Time 275 

the past is..an elapse Which hath no mensuration. 1823 
Monthly Mag. LV. 517 They considered Daniel’s seventy 
weeks of on the brink of elapse, 1883 F. W. Porter 
French Celeb, 1. 109 After an elapse of two les. 

Elapsed (‘lx'pst), a¢/. a. [f. as prec. + -ED.] 

1. Lapsed, past, gone by. 

1644 Quares Sheph. Orac. 1, Such may have pardons for 
ela crimes. @1774 GotpsM. Grecian Hist. 1. 223 The 


first campaign bein: a r Marspen in PAil. 
Trans. LAX. 573 The Hindoos Capets from the 
year. 1805 Fosrer Zss. 1. 1. 6 The elapsed periods of life. 


1854 H. Mitter Sch. & Schm. xvi. (1857) 366 The elapsed 
half of th 


e t cen! a 
+2. Suffered to slip by, neglected. Ole. 

1649 Jer. TayLor Gt. Exemp. u. viii. 86 Such great acts 
.-comprise the ela duty of many moneths. 

+3. Of angels: Fallen. Ods. 

1665 Witner Lord's Prayer 27 The Prince of the Spirits 
elapsed began to Usurp a part of God’s Kingdom. 

+ Ela‘psion. Oés. rare. [as if ad. L — 
ston-em, f. Gabi: see ELAPSE v. and -ION. e 
action of elapsing or slipping away, the of 
havin, — (in quot.) ——— 

I LOUNT . 1678-1 In TLL a > 
spin Baney. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 57 The disschsdon, 

ion, or different ion of some of these strata. 

+ Ela‘psive, <. Obs. rare. L~ L. daps- (see 
ELAPSE ¥.) +-IVE.] Apt to let slip. 

Srarxe Prim. Devot. (ed. 3) 191 Our memories are 
80 ¢ ive. 

Ela‘queate, v. vare—°. [f. L. Haguedt- ppl. 
stem of elaqueare, f. € out + dague-us noose, snare.] 
fram, Se set free from a nooep rg. to disen rou 

Lount Glossogyr. 1721-61 in BaiLey. 1775 i le 
sy in Casto; ad nod Bits, aie 
ence Ela‘quea'tion, 

1730-6 in Bawey. 1775 in AsH. 1847 in Craic. 

+Elargement, 00s. rare. [? mistake for 
enlargement; but cf. Fr. dlargir to widen, en- 
large. wpe ogee aa ee 

» More Afocal. I elargement w 
God intends for the Rin offs Sn Ce 

+ Elargi‘tion. Ols.—° [f. L. dargi-ri to 

distribute, bestow: cf. L. dargitio Lanexrion.] 


Free ——— impartation or bestowal. 
: ; (flee"zmobreenk). Zoo/. [Short- 
ened f. mod.L. elasmobranchit, f. Gr. thacpd-s 


An individual of the Z/asmobranchai or C. r 

terygit, a class of fishes marked by the - 
ginous nature of the bones, and the absence of 
sutures in the cranium, as the Shark, Sturgeon, 
Ray, etc, Also atérid. bet 


M Elem, Anat. e neural arches be 
made up of two separate pe Banh A as in Biswas 


branch fishes. LL tr. Gegendaner’s Comp. Anat. 
Introd, 11 Two pairs of fins such as we find in the Elasmo- 

—— Nature pa 6x Mr. F. M. ye 
Su doe ‘eb, 130 The true fishes form one class, 
the and rays, anot! 


elasmobranchs, her class. 
Ela:smobra‘nchiate, a. and sé. [f. as prec. 
+-ATE.] = prec. 
Ela‘smose (/le'zméuz). [f. Gr. éAacp-ds plate 
of metal + -osE. . 
1. ‘An obsolete synonym of Altaite’ (Dana). 
2. Same as ELAsMosINE. 


1844 AtcER Phillips’ Min. 520 Black .Elasmose. 

@ (flezmosin). [f. + -INE.] 

A tellurid of lead and gold with an easy cleavage 
into thin metallic flexible lamine ; te. 

Elastic (/le'stik), a. and sé. [ad. mod.L. 

elasticus, a. Gr. édao7txés that drives, propulsive, 


| 


ELASTICAL. 


The L. word, together with the related Exarer, occurs, 
app. as a novelty, in Pecquet’s Dissertatio Anatomica 
ot 1), where edastica virtus denotes the ‘impulsive force’ 
of the atmosphere, which the Torricellian experiment (1643) 
had shown to be the cause of the phenomena previously 
ascribed to ‘ Nature’s horror of a vacuum ’.] 

A. adj. 

+1. Pertaining to or causing the ‘spontaneous’ 
expansion of air or gases; in phrase elastic force 
(wirtue, faculty, power, etc.). Now mesged in 3. 

1653 tr. Pecquet’s Anatomical Exper. 122 The Sponta- 
neous dilatation [of the air] enerveth the power of the 
Elastick (impulsive) faculty (Orig. 1651 virtutis Elasticz] 
..But the other, which is extraneous to the Air, viz., from 
the accession of heat, will make it firm, 1656 More Axtid. 
Ath, i. ii. (1712) 45 There is an Elastick power in the Air. 
1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 129 The air of the convex 
ee must of necessity have a strong pressure or elastick 

force to return into the concave thereof. 

+2. Of air or gas: Possessing the property of 
spontaneous expansion. Now merged in 3. 

he ultimate icles of air were by some supposed to 
act like a coiled spring; hence the word came to express 
the characteristic property of a spring, as in the early in- 
stances of sense 3. 

168: tr. Willis’s Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Elastick, that 
geoch off with a force like gunpowder, or spreads forcibly 

forth with a jerk. 1732 ArsuTHnot Rules of Diet 279 
Wind is elastick and rarify’d [? air] pent up in some vessel 
of the body. Ve 

8. Of material substances, whether solid, liquid, 
or gaseous: That spontaneously resumes (after 
a longer or shorter interval) its normal bulk or 
shape after having been contracted, dilated, or 
distorted by external force. (In this sense Exas- 
TICAL appears to be somewhat older.) Also of 
motions, forces, etc. : Characteristic of an elastic 
body. Zilastic limit: (see quot. 1864.) Elastic 

Jiuids: still often used specifically for gases (cf. 2), 
though liquids are now known to be perfectly 
elastic according to the mod. definition. 

‘ Elasticity of shape’ belongs to solids only; ‘elasticity 
of bulk’ to bodies of all kinds. In the case of gases the 
‘normal bulk’ to which they tend is indefinitely great. The 
strict modern use as applied to solids dates from yen Ber- 
nouilli’s memoir of 1694; respecting the earlier instances see 
note to sense 2. 

1674 Perry Dupl. Proportion 3 An Appendix, to what is 
said of Springs and other Elastique bodies. 1692 BENTLEY 
Boyle Lect, vit. 224 The Air is now certainly known to consist 
of elastic or springy Particles. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. 
(1776) II. 162 Every body that strikes against another pro- 
duces a sound. .simple, and but one in bodies which are not 
elastic. 1791 Cowper //iad v. 117 At once he bent Against 
Tydides his elastic bow. 1794 ScumeEtsser Min. I. 290 
Elastic Bitumen..is of a brown color, has no lustre, and 
is very elastic. 1800 Vince Hydrostat. (1806) Def. 1 An 
elastic fluid is one, whose di ions are diminished by in- 
creasing the pressure. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Mon- 
taigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 340 We want some coat woven of 
elastic steel. 1864 Q.\¥rn/. Sc. 1. 63 The elastic limit, that 
is the extent to which their particles may be relatively dis- 
placed without fracture or other permanent alteration. 
1871 TynpaLi Fragm. Sc. I. i.11 The atoms recoil, in virtue 
of the elastic force. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. xi. 197 The 
elastic boughs sprang k with dangerous force. 1884 
Everett tr. Deschanel’s Nat. Philos. 138 The name of 
elastic fluids is often given to gases. c 

b. ¢ransf. Of motion: Resembling that of an 
elastic body; springy. 

1848 B’ness Bunsen in Hare Life (1879) II. iii. 116 Her 
light, elastic, continually lively motions. 

ce. fig. Of feelings, temperaments, etc., hence, 
also, of persons: Not permanently or easily de- 
pressed ; buoyant. 

1778 Han. More Florio u. 193 Th’ elastic spirits nimbly 
bound. 1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 3 An elastic spirit, 
anxious to overleap distance. 1822 CarLyLe Misc. (1857) 1. 
145 This elastic little urchin. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
1. 429 Those elastic spirits .. had borne up against defeat. 
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl, I11. 116 The elastic tempera- 
ment of Mr. Skirlaugh. e 

In popular language, esf.: That “can be 
stretched without permanent alteration of size or 
shape. + Zlastic gum [= Fr. gomme élastique]: 
india-rubber. Z/astic web: cloth woven with 
india-rubber threads so as to stretch; Zlastic 
boots: boots with elastic web at the sides. 

1781 Cavatto in Phil. Trans, LXXI. 519 Common vi- 
triolic ether. .could not affect elastic gum. 1793 SCHMEISSER 
Ibid. UXXXIII. 165, I have. .fixed the tube into the stop- 
per by means of a thin piece of elastic gum. 1802 Henry 
Zbid. XCIII. 3x A transfer bottle of elastic gum. 1856 R. 
Garviner Handbk, Foot 48 The introduction of elastic- 
web for the sides of boots, is a very important improve- 
ment. 1859 —— Brittany i. 5 A pair of moderately 
strong French elastic boots. . 

b. fig. Of immaterial things: That can be 
‘stretched’ or expanded to suit circumstances ; 
flexible, accommodating. 

1859 Bricut Sp. /udia x Aug., The revenue of India is 
not elastic. 1864 Lp. Pottock in Morning Star 12 Jan., 

lax or elastic interpretation of a criminal statute, 1866 
Crump Banking viii. 164 Currency laws. .will never make 
capital so elastic..any more than, etc, 1874 Mortry Com- 
promise (1886) 150 A certain elastic relativity of dogma. 
1884 Cuurcu Bacon ix. 212 The new ideas..would want 
a much more elastic..instrument than Latin. Mod. He 
seems to have a very elastic conscience. zee 

-@. Anat. Elastic tissue: one of the varieties of 


areolar or connective tissue. 


69 


1861 Huwme tr. Moguin-Tandon 11. 1. 41 Elastic Tissue is 
composed of homogeneous fibres. 1876 Quain Anat. (ed. 8) 
1. 67 Yellow or Elastic Tissue. 

+5. In etymological sense: Propulsive. Oés. 
(nonce use). 

1712 BLackmore Creation 1v, By what elastic engines did 
she rear The starry roof, and roll the orbs in air? 

B. sé. Elastic cord or string, usually woven 
with india-rubber. 

1863 E. B. Drifting Clouds 140 Adéle had been enquiring 
for a piece of elastic for her hat. 1886 W. Hoorer Sé. 
Academic Life 13 The thorough-going prim man will always 
place a circle of elastic round his hair previous to putting 
on his college cap. 

+ Ela’stical, 2. Ods, = Exastic. 

1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech. i. 22 There is a Spring 
or Elastical power in the Air in which we live. Jézd. 26 
Elastical bodies (if I may so call them). 1664 Power 
£xf. Philos. 1. 141 The Elastical pressure of the external 
Ayr upon the surface of the Quicksilver in the vessel. 1685 
Boye Effects of Mot. viii. 99 By the Elastical force of the 
bent Bow the string is brought into a violent state of ‘Ten- 
sion. 1694 Srare in Phil. Trans, XVIII. 213 Suffers no 
Elastical Air to lye concealed in st! Liquors. 1718 J. 
CHAMBERLAYNE Relig. Philos. (1730) II. xvil. § 19 An inhe- 
rent Elastical Power. .like the Steel Springs of Watches. 

Jig. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. ul. i. § 2. 364 There is 
an elastical power in conscience. 1664 Power L.xf. Philos. 
ut. 163 The Noble and Elastical Soul of Des-Cartes, 

Elastically (‘le:stikali). [f. prec. + -Ly?.] 
In an elastic manner. 

1830 LinpLey Wat. Syst. Bot. 234 The cells. . bursting elas- 
tically with 2 valves, 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 804 The 
cell-walls which were previously in a state of tension evi- 
dently contract elastically. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris 272 The visitor. .feels his exist- 
ence sit as .. elastically as if he were just born in the full 
possession of the powers of manhood. 1883 Symonps /¢ad. 
Byways 224 Their bodies are elastically supple. 

lastician (7-,elzsti-fian). [f. ELAstric + -1AN.] 
One who is conversant with the science of elasticity. 

1885 Kart Pearson in Nature XXXI. 457 It would be 
extremely valuable to have the opinion of some of our lead- 
ing elasticians, 

Elasticin (‘le‘stisin). [f. Exastic + -1y.] 
‘The substance composing the elastic fibres of 
connective tissue’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1878 Kinczett Anim. Chem. 385 Elasticin is the special 
principle of yellow elastic tissues. 

Elasticity (7-, elzstissiti). [fas prec. + -17y : 
ef. Fr. élasticeté.] The quality of being elastic. 

1. In literal sense. Cf. ELastic 2, 3. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 11.175 The External and Inter- 
nal Ayr were come to the same..Elasticity. 1674 Perry 
Dis. Royal Soc. 119 Elasticity is the power of recovering 
the Figure, upon removal of such Force. 1685 BoyLe 
Effects of Mot. 111 The Elasticity that Iron, Silver and 
Brass acquire by hammering. 1721 in Bartey. 1802 Parry 
Nat. Theol. iii. § 3 (1819) 32 By its own elasticity returning 
..to its former position, 1834 Mrs. SomERVILLE Connex. 
Phys. Sc. xxv. (1849) 262 The elasticity or tension of steam 
.-Varies inversely as its volume. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. 
ii, (1879) 31 Sufficient stress does not appear to have been 
laid on the elasticity of the spine. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. 
§ 16. 312 The substance, after stretching, being..devoid of 
that elasticity which would restore it to its original form. 

2. fig. a. Energy, vigour, buoyancy of mind or 
character; capacity for resisting or overcoming 
depression. Cf. Enastic A. 2 b, 

1678 Norris Col/. Misc, (1699) 232 This spring of my soul 
(my Ropotiers Faculty) .. presses and endeavours with its 
whole Elasticity. 1728 Pore Dunc. 1. 182 Me emptiness 
and dulness could inspire, And were my elasticity and fire. 
1815 Scort Guy M. xxi, Nature had given him that 
elasticity of mind which rises higher from the rebound. 
1829 1. TayLor Exthus. iv. (1867) 72 To break the elasticity 
of the inventive faculty. 1875 Jowert Plato (ed. 2) V. 41 
Our old men have lost the elasticity of youth. 

b. Capacity for being “stretched; expansive- 
ness, flexibility, accommodatingness. Cf. ELas- 
tic A. 3 b. 

1858 O. W. Hotes Aut. Break. T. iii. 21 There is no 
elasticity in a mathematical fact. 1863 J. Mureuy Comm. 
Gen. iii. 23 Good, evil, life, and death are striking speci- 
mens of this elasticity of signification. 1865 Pal/ Mall G. 
17 Oct. x ‘ Elasticity’, that is to say, a discretionary issue 
of bank-notes. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 3 There 
are some common rules .. but their application is a matter 
of .. the widest elasticity. 

Elastin (/le'stin). =Exasricin (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
_ 1875 GamceE tr. Hermann's Hum. Physiol. 35 Elastin .. 
is insoluble in all agents which do not decompose it. 

hha. Ods. Also alleja(r, alajah, alla- 
jar (Yule), alliza, allacha. [a. Turki alchah, 
alachah, any kind of corded -] A silk fabric 
from Turkestan : ‘a silk cloth 5 yards long, which 
has a sort of wavy line pattern running in the 
length on one side’ (Baden-Powell, in Yule s.v. 
Aliya}, Also attrib, 

¢ 1613 Downton in Purchas I. 504 (Y.) The Nabob be- 
stowed on him. .3o allizaes. 1696 J. F. Merchant's Wareho. 
14 Elatchis..an Indian Silk eels f with variety of colours. . 
is usually for Gowns. 1712 Lond, Gaz. No. 5051/3 Damasks, 
Elatches, Guiney Stuffs. 1712 Advt. in Sfect. (Y.) An Alle- 
jah petticoat. 1757 New Hist. E. Ind. 11.145, 400 pieces 

latchas. 1813 Mitsurn Oriental Comme. 22t (Y.) 
Allachas (pieces to the ton) 1200. 

Elate (/lét), 2. Also 4 elaat, elat, elayt. 
[ad. L. éeat-us, pa. pple. of eferse to bring or 
carry out ; to elevate, raise. Cf. OF. e/at proud.] 


ELATER. 


2 

+1. Lifted, raised. Ods. rare. 

@1730 Fenton Let. Knight Sable Shield in Anderson 
Poets VII. 663 With upper lip elate, he grins. : 

2. fig. Of condition, and of persons with regard 
to their condition: Exalted, lofty. Of feelings, 
etc.: Lofty, proud, 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 177 This kyng of kynges proud 
was and elaat [v. ~. elat(e, elayt]. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 
1, vi, Whom than he fonde.. With sceptre in hande ful pomp- 
ous and elate. 14.. Epiph.in Tundale’s Vis. 113 O pompe 
elate with thy cheres bold. 1610 Hiéstriom. 1. 117 Vhy 
high fate Shall not discerne a fortune more Elate. 1626 
T. H. tr. Caussin’s Holy Crt. 58 This Courage .. is power- 
fully elate. 1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. u. xxxiii. (1739) 148 
Two Kings we have at once in view, both of them of an 
elate spirit. 1755 T. H. Croker Ariosto’s Orl. Fur. xu. 
Ixi. II. 339 Shall this little burgh grow up to make A city 
ample, pompous and elate? 1833 CHaLmers Const. Man 
(1835) I. ii, 117 There is an elate independence of soul. 

b. Of persons: Inspired (as with joy or hope), 
in high spirits, exultant, flushed (as with success 
or victory). 

1647 CLARENDON //ist, Reb. 1. 1. 116 An Army elate with 
victory. 1725 Pope Odyss. 1. 176 A brutal crowd, With inso- 
lence, and wine, elate and lowd. 1839 KeicutLry /His?. 
Eng. II. 67 The Romish party in England were elate. 1870 
Disrakvi Lothair xlvi. 244 The ladies returned with elate 
and animated faces, 

Ela‘te, v. [f. L. e£at- ppl. stem of efferre: see 
prec.] 

+1. trans. To lift on high, raise, elevate. Ods. 

1578 Banister Hist, Man 1. 37 The superiour part [of the 
bone] is. .in the middest most elated, and vpwardes heaued. 
¢ 1611 Cuapman //iad xx. 416 Placus doth elate His shady 
forehead. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. 25 The eighteenth 
of October, wee found by observation, the North pole 
elated seventeene degrees. /é/d. 168 Sometimes they 
elate a finger, smile and pray to Mahomet. 1772 PENNAN? 
Tours Scotl. (1774) 235 Two of his fingers elated, in the atti- 
tude of benediction. 


. fig. 
1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 14 The House .. was 
suddenly elated into the best Families of England and Ire- 
land. 1641 Sir E. Derinc Sf. on Relig, ix. 33 This Bishop 
-- elates himself up into usurped titles. a ae Ae: 

2. To raise the spirits of (a person), inspirit, 
encourage ; to stimulate, excite; also, to puff up, 
make proud. Also adso/, and (rarely) refi. 

eta Donne Biathan. (1644) 186 But Sapritius elated 
with the glory of Martyredome, refused him. 1636 R. 
Braituwait Lives Rom. Emperors 354 This Emperour .. 
elated himselfe with self-conceite and pride. 1725 Pory 
Odyss. xvut. 33 Schemes of revenge his pondering breast 
elate. 1751 JoHNSON Ramdbl. No.g1 ® 5 Ready..to elate 
each other with reciprocal applause. 1851 Loncr. Gold. 
Leg., Village School, The wine..elateth me. 1863 Fr. 
Kemsie Resid. Georgia 108, 1 was elated with my own 
part of this performance. . 

Elated (‘lé-téd), g¢/. a. [f. prec. +-ED.] Up- 
lifted, raised ; proud, exalted. Cf. senses of vb. 

1615 G. Sanpys 7vav. 31 The Talismanni with elated voyces 
do congregate the people. @1658 Osporne Characters, §¢. 
(1673) 617 The Rabble, for want of a more elated Prudence, 
imagining their Governours to proceed. .from some Diviner 
Extraction than their Own. 1757 Dyer Fleece 1. 674 
Elated man, forgetful of his charge. 

“| With a word-play on the musical term Ena. 

a 1653 G. Dantex /dyll, Cerem. 10 Accents ela-ted to the 
Sharpe Clangor of Warre. 

Elatedly (‘lz tédli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] 
With elation; haughtily, pompously. 

1661 FertHam Disc. Luke xiv. 20 (R.) Where do we find 
any so elatedly proud, or so unjustly rapacious as he [Nero]? 

teas can, [f. as prec. +-NESS.] Elated 
state or condition ; elation. 

1731-1800 in Baiey. 1791 tr. Swedenborg’s Apoc. Rev. 
xviil. (1875) 578 In proportion to their elatedness of heart 
from dominion. .they experience internal grief after Death. 
1805 Knox & JeBB Cory. I. 222 We may be in danger of 
presumptuous elatedness. 1850 D. Kinc Geol. § Relig. 
152A x ground for elatedness. 

+Elattement. Os. [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 
Elation, elatedness. 

1746-7 Hervey Medit. § Contempl. (1818) 272 We reflect 
upon some inconsiderable .. superiority over others, and a 
sudden elatement swells our minds. 1 Corn. WINTER 
Let. in W. Jay Mem. (1843) 67 Such an elatement of mind 
as imaginary painted prospects often occasion. 

Elater! (eliter). [a. (through mod.L.) Gr. 
éatnp one who or that which drives. 

The adoption of the Gr. word into mod. Lat. (in sense 1) 
seems to be due to Pecquet (1651), whose English translator, 

owever, usually rendered it by ELatery.] : 

+1. The expansive or ‘elastic’ property inhe- 
rent in air or gases ; hence, more widely, = ‘spring’, 
‘elasticity’. Also fiz. 

1653 tr. Pecquet’s Anatomical Exper. 90 ss its [the At- 
mosphere’s] Spontaneous dilatation (which I call Elater) 
[orig. guem Elaterem nuncupo). 1660 Boye New Exp. 
Phys.-Mech, xxii. 162 The swelling. .and the springing up 
.-were not the effects of any internal Elater of the Water. 
1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 117 Persons. .having 
the elater and spring of their own natures to facilitate their 
iniquities, r71x F. Futter Med. Gymn. (1718) 30 Gives ’em 
a better Tone, or Elater. 1 TuART in Phil. Trans. 
XXXVI. 34 The Elater of the Guts. 

2. Zool. Linnzus’ name for a genus of beetles 
(now the family Z/ateride) possessing the power 
of springing ty Soap from a supine position for the 
ieipore of falling upon their feet; also, a member 
of this family, a skip-jack. 


ELATER. 


1802 BincLey Anim. Biog. (1813) 142 The Elater or Skip- 

r Tribe. The Elaters fly with great facility. 1845 Darwin 

‘ay. Nat. ii. (1879) 31 At ia, an elater or beetle. .seemed 
the most common luminous insect. 1873 Blackmore Cra- 
dock Now. xxx. (1883) 168 She didn’t know an elater from a 
ti 

. Bot. An elastic spiral filament, or elon- 
gated cell, attached to the sporangium or spore- 
case in certain Liverworts (Hepatice), to the spore 
of Horse-tails (Aguisetacew), etc., and serving to 
discharge and disperse the sporules when ripe. 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 324 Spiral fibres, called 
Elateres, within which the sporules are intermixed. 1866 
Treas. Bot. 11. 641/2 The elaters which accompany the 
5 eho are distinct spiral vessels. 9 Hooxer Stud. 

lora 472 Equisetacez .. spores of one kind, attached to 4 
clubbed elastic threads (elaters). 

Elater *, elator (/léta1). [f. EvaTe v. +-rR, 
-on.] He who or that which elates. 

1818 Ricnarpson, later [with example for Exater?!]. 
1847 Craic, Elator. In mod. Dicts. 

+ Elate‘rical, 2. Oés. rare—'. [f. ELATER + 
-IC+-AL.] Pertaining to the theory of elasticity. 

1674 Phil. Trans. 1X. 82 What his Reasons and Evidences 
are to evince the mistake. .of this Elaterical supposition. 

Elaterin (‘le'térin). Chem. Also elatine. [f. 
ELaTeR-IuM + -IN: cf. F. latérine.] The active 
principle of elaterium (Co) H,, O;). 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 193 An extremely active 
poisonous principle, called Elatine, has..been found in the 
placenta of this plant. 
active principle of elaterium is a crystalline substance called 
elaterin. 1887 Brunton Pharmacol. 929 Elaterin is the 
most powerful hydragogue we possess. 

+Elaterist. Ods. [f. Erarer!1+-1st.] One 
who explains certain phenomena as due to the 
‘elatery’ or elasticity of the air. 

1661 BoyLe Spring of Air 1. ii. (1682) 3 His Adversaries 
(whom for brevities sake we will venture to call Elaterists). 
1674 [M. Hate] Difficiles Nugz 237 The Gravitation and 
Elasticity of the Air, invented by the modern Elaterists. 
1708 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in BalLey. 

Elaterite (/letérsit), Mim. [f. Evarer! 
elasticity + -1TE.] A brown hydrocarbon, usually 
soft and elastic like india-rubber ; elastic bitumen. 

1826 Emmons Min. 215 Elaterite, see Bitumen, elastic. 
1876 Pace Adv. Te.rt-bk. Geol. xiv. 244 Masses of elaterite, 
and slaggy mineral pitch. : ; 

|| Elaterium (elativrivm). [a. L. elatérium, 
ad. Gr. éAatnpoy an opening medicine, f. éAa- 
stem of éAavvev to drive. Senses 3 and 4 are 
due to ELaTER 1] 

+1. A purgative medicine. Ods.—° 

H earigne in Baltey. Bie — 

. A sediment or precipitate from the juice of 
the Squirting Cucumber (Zcballium agreste, Mo- 
mordica Elaterium), having a bitter acrid taste, 
and acting as a drastic purgative and emetic, Also 
called English Elaterium, to distinguish it from 
French Elaterium, a much less active preparation, 
produced by evaporation of the juice. 

1578 Lyre Dodoens i. x1. 373 Elaterium..driueth foorth 
by siege grosse fleme. 1657 Phys. Dict., Elaterium .. is 
good against the dropsie. 1684 tr. Willis’ Pharmaceu- 
tice Rat. 41 Other purging Medicins, as Jalap, Colycin- 
this, Elaterium..consist of sharp particles. 1790 BucHAN 
Dom. Med. 551 If two grains of white vitriol, and the same 
quantity of elaterium, be dissolved in half an ounce of 
marjoram-water, etc. 1831 J. Davies Manual Mat. Med. 
22 The elaterium .. contains a ye a sui generis, and 
a bitter substance almost inert by itself. 1866 Treas. Bot. 
I. 437/1 So powerful is pure elaterium, that one eighth part 
of a grain is sufficient to produce strong cathartic effects. 

+3. Elasticity, springiness (sfec. of the air): 
= Eater’, ELATERY. Oés. 

7% in Kersey. 1721-800 in Baitey. 1775 in Asu. 

. Used by Richard for the fruit of the Luphor- 
biacex, which opens elastically when ripe. 

Elaterometer (/le:térg'm/ta). 2h F. &a- 
tévometre: cf. ELATER1 and METER.) An instru- 
ment for indicating the pressure of confined air 
or steam. 

re Knicut Amer. Mech. Dict. 

+ Evlate:ry. Ods. [f. Evater + -y; cf. Exa- 
TERIUM 3.] e elastic force, elasticity of the 
air; = Evater!. 

1653 tr. Pecquet’s Anat. Exper. 91 The superficie of 
the Earth-Watrish Orb is pressed of the same [the Atmo- 
sphere] not by its weight alone, but also by vertue of his 

latery [orig. #0 solo , sed et Elateris .. virtute). 
1664 Power £.xf. Philos. 103 The ayr hath. as ay 
of its own. 1676 Phil. Trans. X. Sy ions of bodies 
may further bend the springy particles of the Air, 
a Biati Elatery. 1847 in Craic; and in 

time, obs. var. of ELATERIN. 

Elation (/1é-Jan). Also 4-5 elacion, 5 ela- 
cyoun, 5-6 elacyon, 6 elatioun. [In ME. ad. 
OF. elacion, ad. L. éatidn-em, n. of action f. 
ppl. stem of efferre: see Exate a.] 

_t1. (after Lat.) a. Lifting, elevation. 1b. Carry- 
ing out (e.g. of a dead body). Ods. rare. 

3578 Banister Hist. Man 1. *5 The brest bones .. yeeld 
to the elation and depression of the ribbes. | Porrer 
Antig. Greece Ww. iv. (1715) 189 Its [the body’s] E! n from 
the House wherein it was prepar’d for Burial. 

2. Elevation of mind arising from success or 


iving it 
mod. Deets. 


1866 Treas. Bot. 1. 437/2 The | 


70 


self-approbation, pride of prosperity ; pride, vain- 
glory. 

c 1386 Cuaucer Pers. T. » 326 Elacion is whan he ne may 
neither suffre to haue maister ne felawe. c N. Love 
oat Mirr, xxv. 56 Co MS.), 
of elacyoun or veyn oure selfe. cx 
Why not to Court 479 He is in such Or hi 
~ pe Seng ay rT og 231 A noysome elation 

mind. 1712 AppIsoN t. No. ? 3 Riches exposes 
a Man pe foolish Eide of ane" . 
+b. concr. A proud or vain-glorious action. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed tv. u. i. Wks. 1844 III. 202 Their 
next elation..was to im for their King. 

3. Elevation of spirits (in neutral or good sense) ; 
buoyancy, joyousness, pleasurable self-satisfaction. 
(The usual current sense.) 

1750 Jounson Rambler No. 184 ? 5 Their time is pas 
between elation and despondency. 1804-8 Foster in Life 
& Corr. (1846) I. 278 These praises give me but little 
Elation. 1841 D’Israeut Amen, Lit. (1867) 619 In the 
elation of youth, he astounded the .. fellows of his college. 
1863 Geo. Extor Romola 1. u. xxvii. (1880) 332 She saw 
her father. .sink from elation into new disappointment. 

b. concr. An ‘ outburst’ of high spirits. rave. 

1870 LowELt Among my Bhs. Ser. us. (1873) 243 These are 
the natural jets and elations of a mind energized by the 
rapidity of its own motion. 

+ 4. concr. Growth. Ods. rare. 

c 1420 Pallad. on Husé. 11. 859 Thai be apte unto putacion 
Of bowes drie or foule elacion fh. arida aut male nata). 

Ela‘tive, @. vare. [as if ad. L. *é/ativus: see 
ELaTE v. and -IvE.] ta. That raises, elevates. 
(obs.). b. That elates, causes elation. 

1595 Lopce Fig for Momus 1, By their attracted moyst 
humiditie, Drawne from a certain vertue elative .. Seeke 
more than their accustom’d nutriment Whence raine his 

eneration doth derive. 1838 StrutHers Poetic Tales 125 

vhither shall gratitude’s feelings elative wend. 

+ Elatrate, v. Oés—° [f. L. ééatrat- ppl. 
stem of élatrare, f. @ out + Jatrare to bark: see 
-ATE3.] ‘ To bark out or 5 aloud’ (Bailey). 

1623 in CockeraM. 1721-61 in Baitey. 1820 in JopRELL. 

Hence + Elatra‘tion. 

1730-6 in BAwey. 1775 in As. 1820in JopReLL. 

+ Elavate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. eavat- ppl. 
stem of 2/avare to wash out, wash away: cf. OF. 
eslaver, elaver.] trans. To wash clean. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 142/2 First 
elavate them with water wherin hath decoctede chickweede. 

+ Elaxate, v. Ods.—° [f. E- pref.3+L. laxat- 
ppl. stem of /axdre to unloose, relax: see Lax.] 
To loosen; to widen. 

1656 Biount Glossogr. 
Asu. 1847 in Craic. 

Hence + Elaxa‘tion. 

1731-6 in Baitey. 1775in Asu, 1847 in Craic. 

+ Elay’, v. Obs. rarve—'. [? var. of AuLAy v.1 
or 2; cf. Fr. délayer to dilute.] trans. ? To mix, 
dilute. 

1573 Art of Limming 5 Orpyment may be elayed with 
chalbe. and Kiaede with Obe de Luke. 

+ Elayl (eleil). Chem. Ods. ie Gr. éda-is 
an olive-tree (cf. €Aa:ov olive-oil) + tAn substance, 
material.] Same as ErHyLENE. In quot. in comé. 

1865 MANSFIELD page ad We see. .why the base. .should 
differ so greatly in its viour from. .Elayl-Stannethyl. 

yt, obs. var. of ELATE a. 

Elboie, var. of ELBowrc. 

Elbow (e'lbox). Forms: 1 elnboga, eleboza, 
elboza, 2-6 elbowe, 3 elbou, 7 elboe, 7~ elbow; 
also (Sc.) 6 elbok, 8 elbuck. [A Com. Teut. 
compound: OE. ¢/nboga = Du. elleboog, OHG. 
elinbogo (MHG. ellenboge, mod.G, ellen-, ellbogen), 
ON. pindoge (Icel. dlnbogi, dlbogi, Da. albue):— 
OTeut. *a/ino-bogon-, f. *alind arm (see ELL) + 
*bogon- bending = Bow sé.1] 

1. The outer part of the joint between the fore 
and the upper arm, 

¢ 1000 AEL¥ric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 158 Cuditum, faedm be- 
twux elboga and hand e. cxxg0 Voc. ibid. 536 Vina, 
elbowe. @1300 Cursor M. ir armes hari wit hirpild 
hid War sette til elbous in pair side. a1300 Hragm. 322 
in Popular Treat, on Sc. 139 Thelbowes to the schare. 
c 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 184 A much berd .. Watz euesed al 
vmbe-torne, abof his elbowes. c1440 Promp. Parv. 1 x 
Elbowe, cuditus. 1588 A. Kina tr. Canisius’ Catech. 13 
Wae be vnto thame .. quha sewis soft kods to putt vnder 
euerie Elbok. a 1613 Oversury A Wife (1638) ror Turnes 
..from one Elbow to another. 1676 Ernerepce Man_ 
Mode 1. i. (1684) 11 He was yesterday at the hey Bg 
a pair of Gloves Up to his Elbows. 1714 Lavy M. W. 
Montacue Leét. Ixxxy. 140 In..a great crowd. .people .. 
knock others with their elbows. Burns The Ordina- 
tion vii, To see our elbucks wheep And a’ like lamb-tails 
flyin. 1797 Corertpce Christaded 1, She .. on her elbow 
did recline To look at the lady Geraldine. 1879 STainer 
Music of Bible 122 Irish bagpipes are inflated by the elbow, 
Scotch by the mouth. “ 

+b. The point resembl 
shoulder or hock of quadrupeds. Ods. 

aor J Torsett Four-f. Beasts 317 The Curb..is a long 
swelling beneath the elbow of the hough. 1789 W. MARSHALL 
Gloucester (E.D.S.), Elbows, the shoulder-points of cattle. 

2. ome Anything resembling an elbow. 

a. A sharp bend in the course of a river, road, 


1721-1800 in BaiLey. 1775 in 


an elbow in the 


ete, 


3 ELBOw. 
TEL St Dict, thee ee 
or el x P. Hatt V. 117 The 
unto 


(1786) IV. 297 elbows of serpentine rivers. 
Younc Trav. France 99 The road. .presents from an elbow 
the view of a town I have ever seen. Miss 

Egypt. Sepul. UW. xxiii, 311 The ravine .. turns 


1626 B. lva Bate ey ad i 
ACON SS: $ 472 or Vines, set a 
Wall against the Sun, betwean ies ‘and B an 
Stone, ripen more than a plain Wall. 
Acc. New Invent, p. cvii, Some Elbows of 
ee 1796. N 
name of this city is said to be 


5 
a wall and the elbow of a large tree covers it. 1! 
W. Puitirs Mt. Sinai ww. ‘ial ing day Behind 
in’s elbow disappear’d. Brackmore Criffs II. 

xiv. 217 The elbow of a hedge jutted forth upon the 

c. Mechanics. An angle in a tube, etc. ; a short 
piece of pipe bent at an angle to join two long 
straight pieces. 

1777 Phil. Trans. UXVIUI. 643 As the elbow made a right 
angle, the tube itself was of course horizontal. Knicur 
Amer. Dict. Mech., Elbow, 1. The junction of two parts 
— a Lage aggro _ or toggle joir aA bend, 
as of a stove-pipe. acCoRMAC isept. Surg. 147 
The tube should. .have no elbows. 

d. Arch. (see quot.) 

1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Builder 584 Elbows of a Win- 
dow, the two flanks of panelled work, one under shutter. 
1878 Parker Gloss. Archit., Elbows, the projections on the 
side G tbow, the up- 

windows 


of stalls. 1876 Gwitt Archit, Gloss., 
right side which flanks any panelled work, as in 
below the shutters, etc. 
e. Naut. (see quot.) 
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) Cable tourné ..a foul 


hawse; a cross or elbow in hawse. Smytu Sailor's 
Word-bk. s.v., Elbow in the hawse. n a ship, being 


moored in a tideway, i ha 28 the wrong way, 
causing the cables to take a round turn on each other. 
f. bal. (see quot., and cf. e/bow-health in §). 

1877 E. Peacock N.-W. Linc. Gloss.(E.D.S.), Elbow, the 
conical hollow in the bottom of a wine-bottle. 

+3. transf. An arm of a chair, made to support 
the elbow. Ods. exc. in comb. ELBOW-CHAIR. 

1611 CotaGr. s.v. Accoudoir, Vne chaire a accoudoirs, a 
chaire with elbowes. 1679 Marriage of Charles 1], 3A 
Chair with elbows. 1750 Carte Hist. Eng. II. 14 

Ibows (as the sides of chairs are now called). 1784 Cowrer 
Task 1. 60 But elb still were ing; these, some 
say, An alderman of Cripplegate contriv’d. 

4. Phrases: a. At the, one’s elbows: close by, 
very near; in close attendance; also fig.; so 
From the, one’s elbow: away from one’s side, 
b. Up to the elbows: lit.; also fig. engrossed in 
work, excessively busy. ¢. Zo be out at elbow(s: 
to have a coat worn out at the elbows, to be 

r, in bad condition; hence, in same sense, I 
at-elbowed adj. (nonce-wd.). So,in con’ sense, 
In at elbows (rare). G. + Zo scratch, rub the 
elbow: to show oneself pleased, to chuckle. e. 
To shake the elbow: to play at dice (arch). 
+ Knight of the elbow: a gambler. f£. + Zo suck 
at (one’s) elbow: ?to play the parasite, sponge 
upon (one). 

&. 1548 Lv. Somerset Efist. Scots 243 Ye haue youre ene- 
mies..at your elbowe. 1581 Mutcaster Positions vi. (1887) 
47 In the elder yeares, reason at the elbow must serue the 
student. /éid. xxxvii. 143 You are not able to spare him 


from your elbow. i. (1730) 230 
rot etc Dortl and'he' 3 Gece 
107 Let vs bathe in 


Sir; 
(181 


el that he could not po ae hund 
ae a hu 
1865 Cartyte Fred. Gt. III. vin. iv. 17 Several’ things 


t-at-elbows in that y: 


swore, A better speech was never 
1598 E. Gitrin Shiad. (1878) 25 He'le .. 
scratch the el butchers curres fight. 

@. 1705 Hearne Collect. 26 Nov. (1885-6) I. 100 M 
which .. he squander’d away in sh his Elbow. 

T. Brown s. II. 46 (D.) Knight of the elbow, 


J. Wuson Noct. Amébr. Wks. 1855 1. 127 Many good and 
great men have elbo 


Ww. 
< Hatt Chron, (1809) 312 He had many .. that daily 
su at his Elbowe. a at 
5. attrib. and Comb., as elbow-cushion, -guard, 
Fees also elbow-bombard (transl. It. om- 
do cubito), a kind of cannon in which the breech 
was at right angles with the bore; , 
?a cloak reaching down to the elbows only ; 
elbow-deep a. (sce quot.; cf. 2 f and e/bow- 
health); elbow-health, fig., a bumper; elbow- 
piece, (a.) in plate armour, a for the 
juncture of the plates meeting at the elbow; (¢.) 


>, 


ELBOW. 


a piece of tubing forming an elbow; elbow- 
polish = ELBoW-GREASE; elbow-shaker (see 
quot.) ; elbow-shaking 2d/, sd. and ff/. a., play- 
ing at dice; elbow-wind, a wind blowing side- 
ways. Also ELBOW-CHAIR, GREASE, -JOINT, -ROOM. 
1881 GREENER Gu 20 It was called the *elbow bombard. 
¢1612 Rowtanps Sfy Knaves, An *elbow cloake, because 
wide hose and garters May be cs as in the lower 
quarters. 1653 Mitton Hirelings Wks. (1851) 366 A pul- 
ited Divine .. a lollard .. over his *elbow-cushion. 1642 
. Taytor God's FYudgem. u. vii. 102 No man was 
able to contend with him in his..*Elbow-deep Healths. 
on Boutet, Arms §& Arm, 190 *Elbow-guards, or cou- 
diéres .. were rarely adopted till after the year 1300. 
1622 Mippteton, &c. Old Law v. i, The nimble fencer 
.. that .. gave me Those *elbow-healths. 1777 Phid. 
Trans. LXVII. 643 This tube was connected to the re- 
ceiver of the air-pump by means of an *elbow-piece of 
brass. 1859 G. Extor A. Bede 1. vi. (D.) Genuine *elbow- 
lish, as Mrs. Poyser called it. 1788 Cowrer Jask iv. 44 
red with *elbow-points through both his sides. 1725 
New Cant, Dict., *Elbow-shaker, a Gamester or Sharper. 
1700 Prol, to Farguhar’s Const. Couple (D.), Your *elbow- 
ikitig fool that lives by’s wits. 1849 THACKERAY Pen- 
dennis (1875) 594 ‘It’s been cut into by your master, with his 
helbow-shakin’ and his bill discountin’.’ a@ 1722 Liste Husb, 
(1752) 113 A face or back-wind signifies little, nor the *elbow- 
wind neither to peas and vetches. 


Elbow (e'lbo), v. [f. prec. sb.] 
1. trans. To thrust with the elbow; to jostle; 


also fig. 
1605 SHAxs. Lear iv. iii, 44 (Globe ed.) A sovereign shame 


so elbows him. 1673 DrypEN Cong. Granada 1. 1, Grown 
more strong, it.. Elbows all the Kingdoms round about. 
1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) 111. 138 They have scarce 
room to pass in without elbowing .. one another. 1710 
Steere & App. Tatler No. 253 ? 8 Must our Sides be 
elbowed, our Shins broken? 1876 Green Stray Stud. 190 
The trader elbowing the noble and the artisan the trader. 
2. To thrust aside with the elbow; also, Zo 


elbow off, out of (anything). Chiefly fig. 

1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 484 P 5 It is ever want of breeding 
-.to be..elbow’d out of his honest ambition. 1712 Ar- 
BUTHNOT Yohn Bull (1727) 74 He used to. .elbow his fellow- 
servants to get near fis mistress, 1855.Macautay //7st. 
Eng. IV. 485 They would elbow our own Aldermen off the 
Royal Exchange. 1884 Manch. Exam. 13 Nov. 5/2 The 
small farming class have been gradually elbowed out of their 
holdings. : 

+3. absol. and intr. To push right and left with 
the elbows; also fig. So also, +70 elbow zt. 

1636 Heywoop Challenge v. i, Wks. 1874 V. 68 That 
Picke-devant that elbowes next the Queene. 168r Man- 
NINGHAM Disc. Truth 50 (T.) He..grows hot and turbid .. 
elbows in all his philosophick disputes. 1767 Badler II. 195 
To be elbowing it amon; ople of fashion. 1885 L. Winc- 
zs Barbara Philfot Ill. xii. 291 Beaux elbowed for a 
place. 

4. a. quasi-vefl. To force one’s way by elbow- 
ing; const. zwto, through. b. quasi-trans. To 
make (one’s way) by elbowing. 

1833 Hr. Martineau Berkeley 1. vii. 132 A carrier had 
left the market early to elbow his way into the bank. 1863 
Mrs. C. Crarke Shaks. Char. vi. 162 She .. elbows herself 
in wherever she sees business going on. 

5. intr. To make an ‘elbow’ in one’s path, go 
out of the direct way. 

best Soutuey in Robberds Mem. W. Taylor I. 503, I 
would elbow out of my way to Norwich, 1839-40 W. 
Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855) 149 Elbowing along, zig-zag. 

6. (See quot.) 

1755 Jounson, Elbow To jut out in angles. Dict. 1775 
in AsH. 1832 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 


E:lbow-chai‘r. A chair with elbows: 
ELBow sé. 3. 

ay T. Brown Praise Drunk. Wks. 1730 I. 36 A 
drunkard seated in an elbow chair. 1822 W. Irvinc Braced, 
—_ ii. g Very eloquent in praise of an ancient elbow 
chair, 

Elbowed (e'lboud), 477. a. [f. EuBow sd, + -ED?.] 
a. Having elbows or bends. Zlbowit Grass, Sc. 
(see quot.). b. Ofa seat: Provided with elbow- 
tests. ¢. Formed into the shape of an elbow, 
bent, curved. 

1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 784 An elbowed seat had 
been introduced. 1825-80 Jamieson Scot. Dict., Elbowit 
Grass, Flote Fox-tail Grass. Alopecurus Geniculatus. 


E-lbow-grease. /uwmorous. Vigorous rub- 
bing, proverbially referred to as the best unguent 
for polishing furniture. Hence a//usively, energetic 
labour of any kind. 

1672 Marvett Reh, Transp. 1. 5 Two or three brawny 
Fellows in a Corner, with meer Ink and Elbow-grease, 
do more Harm than an Hundred systematical Divines with 
their sweaty Preaching. 1699 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, 
Peri So a derisory Term for Sweat. 1735 LitrLETON 
Lat. Dict., Tt had no elbow-grease bestowed on’t. ec 
demorsos sapit ungues. 1879 TRoLLopE Thackeray 122 
Forethought is the elbow-grease which a novelist,—or poet, 
or dramatist,—requires. 2 

+ Elbow'ic, a. humorous. Obs. In Dicts. el- 
boic(k. [f. ELxsow+-10.] (See quot.) 

1654 Gayton Fest. Notes 1, iii, Verses, which being above 
Hexameters, full sometimes, and sometimes over-makes, 
that rather sounding verse, we call Elbowick. 1727 Baitey 
II, Zlboick, a sentence or verse of a rude or ruffling quality, 
as it were hunching or pushing with the elbow. 1734 
Littteron Lat. Dict., Elboick verse, carmen hypermetrum 
or vedundans, 1775 in Asu. 


Elbowing (e‘lbovin), 747. sd. [f. ExBow v. + 


see 


71 


1NG1,] The action of thrusting with the elbow; 
concr. a thrust with the elbow. 

1820 T. Mitcuet Aristophanes I. 17 What crowding then 
and elbowing among them! 1846 W. S. Lanpor /mag. 
Conv.1.17, I received on the stairs many shoves and elbow- 
ings. 1863 Gro. Exvior Romo/la I. 1. xiv. (1880) 188 He 
pushed his way. .with a sort of pleasure in the. .elbowing. 

Elbowing (elbouin), pf/. a. [f. EnBow v. + 
-InG4.] That thrusts with the elbow ; also fg. 

1767 GRAINGER Solitude (T.), Purse-proud, elbowing In- 
solence. 1871 Loweit Study Wind, (1886) 23 The elbowing 
self-conceit of youth. 

E-lbow-joint. [f. Expow sd. + Jornt.] 

a. Anat. ‘The hinge-joint formed by the con- 
nexion of the lower end of the humerus with the 
upper ends of the radius and ulna by means of 
ligaments’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). b. Mech. :=E.Bow 2c. 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet's Anat. 310 This muscle is deeply 
seated at the lower and fore part of the arm, before the 
elbow-joint. 188x Mechanic § 1101 In fig. 556 an illus- 
tration is given of an elbow-joint. 

E-lbow-room. [f. ELzow sd. + Room.] Room 
to move one’s elbows; hence, freedom from con- 
straint; space sufficient to move or work in at 
one’s ease. Also fig. 

¢1540 BoorvE The Boke for to Lerne Aijb, He..whiche 
wyll dwell at pleasure .. must dwell at elbowe rome. 1670 
Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 331 Give faith scope, give it elbow- 
room to work, 1758 CHESTERFIELD Left. No. 348 (1792) 
IV. 155 Which would give him more elbow-room to act 
against France. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. § 5. 315 
The improvement. .in its [teaching] quality by the. .elbow- 
room which the teacher would obtain. 

Elbuck, Sc. var. of ELBow. 

Elecampane, obs. var. ELECAMPANE, 

Ele(h, obs. form of Eacu. 


|| Elchee (e'lt{?). Also elchi, eltchi. [Turk. 
s s\ i/chi, ‘from 7/ a (nomad) tribe, hence the 


representative of the 7/’ (Y.).] An ambassador. 

1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 64 So well described by an 
English Elchee. 1863 KinGiake Crimea I. viii. 113 The 
great Eltchi [Sir Stratford Canning]. 

+ Evlchur, adv. Os. Forms: 1 elcor, -ur, 2 
elchur, [OE. ¢/cor=OS. elkor, -hur, OF ris. elker, 
OHG. elichér; app. the comparative deg. of an 
adv. related to OTeut. *a/jo- other. ] 

Elsewhere, otherwise, besides, 

¢890 K. AEtrreD Beda wv. xxviii. (Bosw.) Gif hit hwzet 
elcor bib. c117§ Lamd. Hont. 105 Pet pe mon beo ipuldi.. 
and lete elchur his iwit weldre bene his wredde. 

+ E-lerook. O¢s. rare—1. [?f. e/, name of the 
letter L+Crook; but cf. ELbRAKE.] ?An L- 
shaped hook. 

1606 Birnie Kirk-Burial (1833) 35 Lyke Hophnees with 
elcrookes to minche. .the offerings of God. 

t+ Eld, s.1 Obs. rare—'. [app. repr. OE. #led 
(genit. #/des) fire; cf. synonymous OS, eld, ON. 
eld-r (Sw. eld, Da. tld).] Fire. 

cx1200 Trin, Coll. Hom. 258 Pu sscope eld & wind & 


water. 

Eld (eld), 53.2 arch. and north. Forms: 1 
wld(u, eldo, eld, (WS. ieldu, ild(u, yld(u), 
2-6 elde, 2-3 ulde (7), 3 wlde, ealde, (4 
north. heild, held, ellde), 4-5 eelde, (helde), 
5 Sc. eylde, 3 (6-9 Sc.) eild, (elth), 4- eld. 
See also ALD, OLD, sds. [OE. ¢/do (abstr. sb. f. 
ald, in WS, eald, OuD a.), corresp. to OS. eld?, 
OHG. alt, eltt, ON. elli (Da. xlde). 

See derivatives from the same root are ON. g/d 
(—*aldé) and Goth, ads ( :—*alpi-z). 

1. The age, period of life, at which a person has 
arrived. Ods. exc. dial. 

@ 1000 Guthlac (Gr.) 89 Se halga wer In pa zrestan zldu 
gelufade Frecnessa fela. cxooo AEtrric Hom. in Sweet 
(1879) 90 Eadig is heora [the innocents’] yld. cxooo Sax. 
Leechd. Wl, 162 He leng ne leofad ponn on midre ilde. 
@1225 Ancr. R. 318 Ich was of swuche elde. a 1300 Cursor 
M. she and ying, At pat fortald vprising sal be of 
eild, als suld here, Haue deide of eild of thritti 3ere. 
€ 1300, Beket 159 This child was bot in elde of tuo and 
twenti 3er. 1340 Hampore Pr. Consc. 742 Bot swa grete 
elde may nane now bere. c1350 Wil. Pilevae 403 William 
& 3he were of on held. ¢1400 Gamelyn 643 Gamelyn, that 
yong was of elde. 1513 Douctas 4neis vit. ix. 4x In sic 
strenthis and bes 1559 Mirr. Mag., Edward IV, vii. 2 
Ye wote well all I was of no great elde. 1600 TourNEUR 
Transf, Metamorph. (1878) 200 Erinnis purveyor, young 
elth I'meane. x69r Ray W. C. Was. s.v. Eald, He is tall 
ofhis Eald. 1724 sAY Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 63 His eild 
and my eild can never agree. 1860 Ramsay Remin. Ser. 
1. (ed. 7) 177, ‘I am just ae eild wi’ the auld king’ 
[George IIT], 

+ 2. Conventional or legal age ; full age ; majo- 
rity. Of eld = of age; within eld = under age; 
also (quot. 1400) of military age. Ods. 

@ 1300 Havelok 128 Sho were comen intil helde. a@ 1300 
Cursor M. 29444 (Cott. Galba), Childer within elde, of 
cursed man may haue paire belde. 1357 Lay-Folks Mass- 
Bk, App. u. 118 Ike man and woman that of eld is. ¢ 1400 
Rowl & O. 682 And alle that are with-in elde loke that 
thay to batayle helde. 14g0 Myrc 236 Alle that ben of 
warde and elde,. 1529 LynpEsay Comfplaynt 115, I prayit, 
— .. My 30ung maister that I mycht see cild 

3. Old age, advanced period of life; usually 
with regard to its effects upon man. Also ferson- 
ified. arch. & poet. 


ELD. 


97: Blick. Hom. 59 Se wlite eft zewiteb & to ylde ze- 
eat 3 ax200 Moral Ode 373 in Cott. Hom. 181 Per is 
3eo3ede bute ulde. cxz20g Lay. 11546 Vnhale & zlde 
hzued pene king vnbalded. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 1197 Sarra 
..wurd wid child, on elde wac. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 
801 Alle thir..That clerkes propertes of eld calles. 1388 
Wycuir Prov. xvi. 31 A coroun of dignyte is eelde. c 1449 
Pecock Repfr. m1. v. 303 A staffe forto go by in his eelde 
for sijkenes. 1549 Comp. Scot. i. 20 Tha begyn to decresse 
ande declinis til eild ande to thedede. 1599 ane Sco. 
Villanie 1. iv. (1764) 187 Cold, writhled Eld, his liues-wet 
almost spent. 1600 Farrrax Tasso xvu. xi. (1726) 297 His 
eies (not yet made dim with eild) Sparkled his former 
worth and vigor braue. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. u. ii, 
Who scorns at eld, peels oF his own young hairs. 1748 
Tuomson Cast. [ndol. 1. xxxi, The whitening snows Of 
venerable eld. 1800-24 CAmpBELL Pile. Glencoe 478 Hale 
and unburden’d by the woes of eild. 1858 KincsLey Weird 
Lady 17 His beard was white with eld. 

+b. People of advanced age; old men; senate 
or aristocracy. (In quot. 1592 perhaps the adj. 
used adsol.) Obs. 

¢ 1000 fELrric Hom, (Thorpe) II. 506 (Bosw.), Seo yld hi 
Zebad and seo iugub wrat. a1075 O. E. Chron. (Laud 
MS.) an, 1004 Der weerd East Engla folces seo yld ofslazen. 
1592 Wyrtey Armorie 147 That pleasant sweet content 
That diuers eld haue found within a wall. 

c. foet. An old man. (But perh. an absol. use 
of the adj.) Rarely in pl. eds. 

1796 CoLerIDGE Dest. Nations, To the tottering eld 
Still as a daughter would she run. 1830 W. Puitps J/?. 
Sinai u. 364 That eld august Came out from Israel. /did. 
ut. 165 To the expectant host In solemn order did these 
elds descend. 

+4, Antiquity, duration of existence ; time con- 
sidered as a destroying or wearing agency. Ods. 

©1374 Cuaucer Axel. § Arc. 12 That eeld which that all 
can frete and bite. 1602 R. IT. Five Godlie Sern: 64 Eld 
eateth al things. a 1667 Jer. TayLor Ser. Suppl. (1678) 
148 An old sore .. by its eld almost habituate. 1740 SHEN- 
STONE Schoolmistress 137 In elbow-chair.. By the sharp 
tooth of cankering Eld defaced. 

5. Antiquity, the olden time. Alen, times, ete. 
of eld = men, etc. of old. Poet. and arch. 

¢1400 Destr. Troy 11881 Hit is said oftsythes with sere 
men of elde, The last Ioy of ioly men Ioynys with sorow. 
1640 J. Gower Ovid's Fest. 1. 11 In times of eld men 
pleased the powers of heaven. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. 
xciii, Lands that contain the monuments of Eld. 1834 
Lp. Houcuton The Eld, Blessed be the Eld, Its echoes 
and its shades. 1847 Loner. Zv. Prel. 3 The murmuring 
pines and the hemlocks. .Stand like Druids of eld. 

b. People of the olden time, antiquity (personi- 
fied). Zoet. and arch. 

Chiefly in Shakspere’s phrase ‘ superstitious eld’. 

1598 Suaks. Merry W. 1. iv. 36 The superstitious .. Eld 
Receiu’d..This tale of Herne the Hunter, for atruth. 1820 
Scorrt Monast. Introd., Superstitious eld .. has tenanted 
the deserted groves with aerial beings. 1823 — Peveri/ II. 
i. 5 Tradition and superstitious eld .. had filled up the long 
blank of accurate information. 

+6. An age of the world, a secular period. Oés. 

a1000 Guthlac (Gr.) 807 In pam leohtan ham Purh zlda 
tid ende gebidan. c1o0o /ELFric Hom. in Sweet (1879) 60 
Seo pridde yld wes da wuniende 03 David. cxz50 Gen. § 
Ex. 705 Dis oder werldes elde is so A Shusent 3er seuenti 
and two. a 1300 Cursor M. 9230 Blissed be sco bat us has 
spedd Pat we pe elds four has redd. /ézd. 21847 Sex eildes 
ha we broght in place. c1425 WyntToun Croz. u. ix. 77 
Wytht-in pe ferd Eylde Yrland Was to be Scottis obey- 
ssande. 1§13 DouGLas 4ne/s vu. xii. 99 Ceculus. .all eildis 
..schawis ws Engenerit was by the God Vulcanus. 

7. Comb., as eld-time. 

1839 Baitey Festus x. (1848) 110 In the eld-time. 

+ fd, sb.3: ME. ane eld = a neld, a NEEDLE. 


@ 1400-50 Alexander 1370 So nere, vnethes at ane eld 


mi3t narowly betwene. 

Elld (eld), @. poet, and arch. [repr. ME. e/d(e, 
OE. (WS.) eald (see OLD); the mod. word may 
however be newly f. Exp sd.] Occas. used in 
poetry for OLD (q.v. for earlier instances). 

[c 1440 Promp, Parv. 137 Elde, or olde, for-weryde [1499 
eeld, or worne], vetustus, detritus, tnveteratus.] 1619 
H. Hutton Follies Anat, (1842) 42 Steward. .To serue their 
commons as eld servants use. 1854 DopeLtt Balder xxv. 
185 Ye eld And sager Gods. 

b. quasi-sd, 

1592 [see Etp sb%, 3b]. 1796-1830 [see Exp sd. 3c]. 

+ Eld, v.! Ods. Forms: 1 WSax. eald-ian, 2 
eald-ien, 3 eld-en, 3-5 eld-en, eld-e (4 Kent 
yeald-y), 4-5 eeld-en, eelde, 6 eld, Sc. eild. 
See also OxpD(z v. [In southern dialects repr. 
OE. (WS.) ealdian (:—type *aldjan, not re- 
presented in any other language), f. eald, OLD ; 
the equivalent Mercian from *a/dian survived in 
ME. as Otp(e v. The midland and northern 
instances of e/d(en, eeld(en, eild, probably belong 
formally to Exp v.2 (type *a/Zjan). 

1. intr. To grow old. : 

c1000 Ags. Gospf. John xxi. 18 Ponne ealdast [c 1160 
Hatton Log errig ice a Al + itt ely peed 
like ping patt eldebb annd forrwurr] .» ©1205 Lay. 
2937 - zldede [c 1275 holdede] be re a1z00 £. E, 

salter ci. a (M.) klepinge elde sal alle pai. x40 
Ayenb. 97 Hi ne may na3t yealdy, ase dede yealde 
laje. 1382 Wyctir ¥osh. xii. 1 Thou hast eeldid, and art 
of loong age. c1440 Promp. Parv. 137 Eelden, agyn. 
1496 Dives §& Paup. (W. de W.) 1. viii. 39 They be 
paynted lyke yong men .. in token that they .. elden not. 
1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 200 “this Valeriane 
. -eildit in miserabill servitude, 


ELDED. 


2. ‘vans. To make old. a 

G Rom. Rose 392 Tyme. .eldith our auncessours 

+ v.2 Obs. Also 1 eld-an, (WS. ield-an, 
yld-an), 2 eld-en. [OE. ¢/dan (in WS. ig/dan, 
yldan) =OHG. alten to delay (also more literally to 
make or become old) :—OTeut. *a/djan, f. *aldo- 
Oxp.] ¢rans. and intr. To put off to a later time, 
defer, delay. _ 

K. Aitrrep Gregory's Past. xxi. 152 lareow 
iclderde necb Bone timan teat 0. E. eee c= MS.) 
ann. 1100 ic hit le. cxrzs Lamb. Hom, 21 
Pe wrecche sun: lle ne elde nawiht pet he ne ga to bote pe 
wile he mei. : 

+ Eld, v.38 Obs, exc. dial. = At. 

156. Thersites in Hazlitt Dodsley 1. 23 ot eos what 
mig ey thee? 1880 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 
S.V-y tor..didna seem to know whad elded ‘im. Molly’s 
.-bin eldin’ a lung wilde. 

Elde, obs. var. of YIELD v. 

+ Evlded, 7//. a. Obs. [f. Eup v.1+-zp.] That 
has grown old, inveterate. 

a 1300 Cursor M. (Cott. MS.) 26654 Of eilded [/, eldid] 
thing. .better (7. hard] it es to change pe state. 

Ei er (e'ldaz), 56.1 Forms: a. ellern, ellen, 
ellen, 2-4 ellarne, 4 ellerne, elrene, (5 elerne, 
elorne, ellern, elnerene 5, 9 dia/, ellen), 4-7 
eller, 4-6 eldre, 5 eldyr, (6 ellore), 6-7 
eldren, eldern, 5 eller; §8. 5 helren, hil- 
der (-tre), hyldyr, hyllor, hillar, hillerne 
(-tre), hyl (-tre). [With OE. e//ern (of which 
ellen is app. a reduced form, as é/sen of ésern) 
cf. MLG. ellern, elderne, alhorn, elhorn (Schiller 
& Liibben), Flem. e/horen, alhoren (Kilian). 
Possibly an originally adjectival formation ; cf. 
Ger. ahorn maple = L. acernus adj. (For the 
euphonic change of e/r- to eldr- cf. ALDER!.) 
The forms with initial 4 seem to belong to a 
wholly different word, prob. of ON. origin; cf. 
Da. hyld, hyldetra, Sw. hyll, app. related to the 
synonymous OHG. holuntar, MHG. holander, 
holder, mod.G. holunder, holder; in which a con- 
nexion of some kind with Horr, Ho.tow, is 
plausible, as the tree might naturally have been 
named from its tubular stems. ] 

1. A low tree or shrub, Sambucus nigra (N.O. 
Caprifoliacee), called, for distinction, the Com- 
mon or Black-berried Elder; bearing umbel-like 
corymbs of white flowers ; the young branches are 
remarkable for their abundance of pith. S 

azjoo Epinal Gloss. 893 Sambucus, ellaen. a 800 Cor- 

us Gloss. 1175 Sambucus, ellaern, cx00o Sax. Leechd, 

I. 68 Wip fotece zenim ellenes leaf. c11go Voc. in 
Wr.-Wiilcker 556 Sambucus, suew, ellarne. c13a§ Gloss. 
W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 163 De suhen (hilder- 
tre, helren) font des souheaus. 1362 Lancr. P. Pd. A. 1. 
66 Iudas he Iapede with pe Iewes seluer And on an 
Ellerne treo [v. . eldir; 1 B. 1. 68 eller) hongede him 
after. c 1425 in Voc. Wr.-Wiilcker 646 Hec sambuca, hyllor- 
tre. c1440 Promp. Parv., Eldyr or hyldyr, or hillerne tre 
{v. ~. hillar; hyltre, or elerne ; elder, or hyltre, or elorne}. 
a1450 A lphita 161 Sambucus..ellen. 1471 Riptey Comp. 
Alch, v. xiii, in Ashm. (1652) 158 Wene they. .to have. .of 
an Elder an Apple swete? 1§23 Fitzners. Hush, § 126 
The stakes of the..ellore be good. 1598 Suaxs. Merry 
W. 11. iii. 30 My heart of Elder. 1608 Plat Gard. Eden (1653) 
100 Every plant of an Eldern will grow. 1615 W. Lawson 
Orch. & Gard. (1648) 3 Some thinke the .. eller [would 
have] a waterish marish. 1728 THomson Sfring 443 Then 
seek the bank where flowering elders crowd. 1876 Vsecev 
Mat. Med. 576 The Elder, indigenous in Europe, was 
known to the Greeks. 

2. Extended to other species of the genus Sam- 
bucus ; in N. America applied chiefly to S. cana- 
densis. With aulagiline epithets: Dwarf 
Elder, Ground Elder, Dog Elder (S. Zédudus) 
= Danewort; Wild Elder, used by Lyte for 
S. racemosa. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens m1. xliv. 319 The nature and vertues 
of the wilde Eldren are as yet unknowen. 

b. In popular names of other plants bearing a 
superficial resemblance to the elder: Bishop's 
Elder, Dog Elder, Dwarf Elder, Ground 
Elder, Wild Elder (cf. 2), names for Goutweed 
(A2gopodium Podagraria); Ground Elder, An- 
gelica silvestris; Marsh or Marish Elder, 
Water Elder, White Elder = GuetpER Rose 
(Viburnum Opulus). 

3. Attrib., as elder-blossom, -branch, -bud, -bush, 
flower, -pith, -stick, -tree, -vinegar, -wine, -wood ; 
elder-leaved adj.; elder-blow, elder-blossom ; 
elder-gun, a pop-gun made of a hollow shoot of 
elder ; elder-moth, Uropteryx Sambucata. Also 
ELDER-BERRY, etc. 

1862 Barnes Rhymes Dorset Dial. 1. 76 A vield..Where 
*elder-blossoms be a-spread. 1875 Emerson Lett. § Soc. 
Aims, Poet, & Imag. Wks. (Bohn) III. 154 The scent 
of an *elder-blow..is event enough for him, Sren- 
ser Shep. Cal. Nov. 147 The Muses..Now bringen bitter 


*Eldre braunches seare. Futier He Prof. St. 
ba ber gon a 2 pn fos 


1. v, 12 In the beginnii 
of *eldern-buds. 1815 it Guy M.i, A nae, farm- 
house, .surrounded by large Nslher bushes, Bacon 


72 
Sylva § 692 Of this kind are *Elder-flowers, which there- 
fore are for the Stone. 1718 Quincy C '. Disp. 
133 Elder-flowers .. Flowers from May to July. 1599 
Suaks. Hen. V, 1. i. 210 That's om out x 


Fe 
an *Elder Gunne. a 1613 Overeury af Ae gee 
boyes doe Pellets in Elderne Guns. 1882 2 
273/1 The *Elder-leaved or black Ash..the leaves of 
“ ¢ 1600 J. pen 2 Bednail Gr.w.ii, Thou 


of Elderne tree. yrs tr. Pomet’s H. . 32 
Arabian Costus is the Root of a Shrub very like an Elder 
Tree. 1709 Steere Tatler No. 150 ? 6 had dissented 
--about the Preference of *Elder to Wine-Vi . 1735 
BerKetey Querist § 151 Men of nice palates have been 
imposed on, by *elder wine for French claret. 1760 T. 
Hurtcuinson Hist. Col. Mass. v. (1765) 464 A young stick of 
“elder wood. 
4,4. Misused for ALDER1. 
¢ 1535 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 914 Thelder, audne. 
1611 F Lorio Alno negro, the blacke Elder-tree, 
Evlder, 54.2 dial. [cf. MDu. e/der of same 
meaning; perh. repr. OTeut. *alipro(m, f. *alan 
to nourish. (Not etymologically connected with 
Upper.)] The udder of a cow or mare. 
1674 Ray N. C. Wds. 17 The Elder: the Udder. 
Prot Staffordsh. (1686) 262 Which was a yard and an inc! 
high at 2 days old, and had. . milk in its elder. 1797 J. Down- 
1nG Disord. Horned Cattle 87 The beast should be. .milked 
goles clean out of the elder. 1875 Lanc. Gloss. s. v. (E.D.S.) 

ur [the cow’s] elder’s a bit sore. 1880 Miss Jackson 
Shropsh. Gloss. s. v. (E. D.S.) The mar’ .. wuz glad to see 
the cowt for ’er elder wuz as ‘ard as a stwun. 

Elder (e'ldaz), a. and 55.3 Forms: 1 (Mercian, 
Kent.) eldra, (Northumbrian, Mercian) ®ldra, 
( WSax.) ieldra, yldra, 2-3 eldere,eldre, ealdre, 
3 ewldre, eldre, elldre, eldore, elder, 3-4 
(heldre), uldre, ildre, 4 eilder, eldir, 5 elther, 
yelder, eelder, (.Sc. 6 eldar, 8 ellar), 3- elder. 
See also ALDER, OLDER, adjs [OE. ¢/dra (fem. 
and neut. ¢/dre) = OS. aldira, OF ris. alder, elder, 
OHG. altiro, eltiro (mod.Ger. alter), ON. eddre, 
ellre (Da. #ldre), Goth. alpiza:—OTeut. *a'/pi- 
zon-, regularly f. *a/do-, OE. ald (WS. eald), OLD. 

The late WS. form y/dra survived in the south as u/dre 
(a), iddre until the 13th c. 

A. adj. The comparative degree of OLD a.; 
formerly equivalent to the mod. OLDER, but now 
restricted to certain special uses. 

1. That has lived or existed longer; senior, more 
advanced in age. 

+a. Formerly used (both of persons and things) 
as a predicate; also as an attribute followed by 
than. Now superseded by OLDER. 

c1000 Riddles xii. 42 (Gr.) Ic eom micle yldra, ponne 
ymbhwyrft pes. c1x75 Lamb. Hom. 23 A pet ic beo ealdre. 
c1200 Moral Ode (Egerton MS.) 1 Ic #m elder penne ic 
was, a winter and a i a 1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom, 
277 Swa pu eldere wex, swa pu pourere was. 1541 Etyot 
Image Gov, 93 If she shall be as olde, or elder t! I am. 
1593 Bison Govt. Christ's Ch. 364 The lawes of forren 
countries are farre elder then ours. 1596 Snaxs. Merch. 
V. 1. i. 251 How much more elder art thou then thy 
lookes? ay W. Wuatecey Prototypes 1. xxxiv. (1640) 
161 Friendship is like wine, the elder the better. x73 
Cave Prim. Chr. 1. vii. 203 A custom probably not mucl 
elder than his time. 

b. as attribute without than. Not now used of 
things, except with quasi ification. Now 
chiefly with sbs. denoting family relationship, or 
as denoting the senior of two indicated persons ; 
otherwise somewhat arch. Often with omission 
of sb. implied in the context. 

Beowulf 469 (Gr.) Wes here; 


dead min yldra maz. 
¢ 888 K, Aicrrep Boeth. viii, Ic 


zeongne Zelarde swelce 
Zewittum oftogen is. 
bo gga Gosp. Luke xv. 25 Wees sunu his zldra on 


¢ 
lo: i 
be tuo, in 


vndii 

38 The said Wil. Rycroft yelder. 1717 Lavy 
tacue Lett, 11. xliv. 22 It is a great part of the work of the 
elder slaves to take care of these young girls. 1745 Wrstey 
Wks. (1872) VIII, 2x7 These are too young; send elder 
men. 18 Scorr Ld. of /sles v1. xvi, Elder her’s care 
And elder brother’s love were there. 1876 Freeman Norm. 
Cong. (1876) IV. xvii. 47 The Cathedral Church of the 
bishoprick whose throne is now hidden in the elder minster 
of Saint Fritheswyth. 


a. Of an obligation, right, or title: Of 
mage standing, prior, that has superior validity. 
b. Of officials, etc.; That ranks before others by 
virtue of longer service; senior, Obs. 

(Elder rte aty. “ on See 4 ol 
1642 tr. Perkins’ < Bk. iv. i 
= ED gem 


Date. 
+3. Elder man: = elder sb. in senses B. 2, 3. 
Sometimes written as one word e/derman. Obs. 


ELDER 
See ssiy Teevian Diesen Chall ts ap oe 
on and elder fen of Rome ete fo. alt 3 ; 

* ‘ 
tgae Compen Treat ites gt The prophet Moses hadde 
So they all k 

4. Card- 
‘atchet ‘ii, Church should 

ply at wncgual gan oe fe ae eer te the mebden 
in 3748 wie Whist (ed Hand 


OYLE 


venpIsH [H. Jones] Piguet 29 is then cut 
by the non-dealer, or ¢ a 
+5. Of or pertaining to a more advanced period 


of life ; later. Ods. 
(In this sense elder day the cypemmearoe cider 

of sense 6, just an an alder portrait eee 
1593 Suaks. Rich. fe iii. 431 tender you my seruice 


raw and | shall 1611 — 
Cymb. v. Pia tosecoed ills with ils, erases q 
1737 Wuiston J us’ Ant. xvi. xi. 8 He also was guilty 


.-@ crime in his elder age. . f 

6. a. That existed at a previous time ; ancient, 
earlier, former. b. Of or pertaining to ancient 
times or to an earlier period. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. App. i. p. 1636. 23876 We..in eldern men 
vrmirur se. ¢ 1449 Pecock Refr. 11. x. 202 In eeldir daies, 
whanne processioun was mad. 1§87 Mirr. Mag., Jnduc- 
tion xii. 7 What thinges were done, in elder times of olde. 
1668 Hate Pref. Rolle’'s Abridgm. 8 Many of the Elder 
Year-Books are Filled with Law, now not so much in use. 
1801 Soutuey Thalaba 1x, ix, Huge as the giant race of elder 
times. 1823 Lame Zéia Ser. u. 1. (1865) Curiosity pre- 
vailing over elder devotion. 1852 Miss Yoncre Cameos 1. 
Introd. 2 The elder England has been so fully written of. 
1867 Macrarren Harmony ii. 35 Modern writers .. may 
produce compositions in the elder style. 

7. Comb. as elder-born adj.; elder - brother- 
hood, the state or dignity of an elder brother; 
elder-brotherly, -sisterly a., pertaining or proper 
to an elder brother or sister. 

1870 Bryant //iad II, xv. 81 *Elder-born am I. 1884 in 
Littell’s Living Age No. 2077. 66 Its *elder-brotherhood 
Writ on the face of its 6 Bentuam Not 
Paul 370 note, This .. assumed fatherly affection, under 
the name of *elder-brotherly..what was it? 1870 Miss 
Brivcman R. Lynne II. viii. 163 ‘So I told them’, said 
Fanny, with a demure, *elder-sisterly air, 

B. sé. An elder person, /#t, and fig. 

+1. A parent [cf. mod.G. e/tern pl.J; an 
ancestor, forefather; hence, in wider sense, a pre- 
decessor, one who lived in former days. Almost 


ure eldra gult. cxaog Lay. me mine ald; 
eldre] dade Goan: ¢ 1230 “TER ead 27 Feire aiden 
gladien muchel pe ealdren. ee (1724) 11 Here 
elderne. .were y nome in ostage the bataile of Troie. 
©1325 Metr. Hom. 109 Underlout till thaim was he, Als 
child au til elderes be. 1 Lane. P. Pi. C. 1. £? 
pat of amalek * and al hus lyge puple Sholde deye del- 
lliche * for dedes of here eldren. ue i Myst. 
xxvu. 14 That with oure elthers euer bene. 1813 
Dovetas Aineis vu. iv. 44 And sett himselfe amyde his 
elderis trone. Cn Lar pacers yy be 18 They called the 
elders of him had receaued his sight. rg57 V. 7. 
(Genev.) 2 Tim. i. 3, I thanke God, whome I serue from 
myne elders with pure conscience. 

+b. transf. (see quot.) Obs. 

1719 Lonpon & Wise Comp. Gard. vi. 115 Some [branches 
shoot directly out of the main Body .. and may be 
Elders, or Mothers. 

2. (A ’s) superior in age, senior. Almost 
exclusively in #7. 

€ 1200 OrMIN pet hed patt iss pin elldre. cago Cursor 
M. 12092 To his e! we. ¢1420 Pallad. on 
Husb.. 125 That men unto thaire eldron. 1 
Asp. Hamivron Catech, (1884) 36 Ic haif had .. Souenaene 
ing aboue —< Q HAKS. Tam. =< mt. 1; i> well 
I m to m Pore Hor. . Ue 
i, ox Tt cor atleve beack ait rensec's lawn, x80r Med. 

om V 4x1, 1... leave my elders to judge of them. 1848 
ACAULAY Hist. Eng. 1. 47 The child. .undoubtingly listens 
to. .his elders. aps howe Enoch Ard. 375+ 
b. A person advanced in life. 

1897 Suaxs. 2 Hen, JV, u. iv. 281 The wither’d Elder 
hath his Poll claw'd like a Parrot. a 1643 G. Sanvys (J.) 
From their seats the reverend elders rose, 1884 /¢/ust. 
Lond. News 20 Sept. 268/12 The three elders, his com- 
panions in this terrible ad €, are now brought home. 

2. A member of a ‘senate’, governing body or 
class, consisting Se ee et ieee 
ventionally supposed to be so. Now chiefly Hist. 

Orig. as transl. of the seniores of the Vulgate, rendering 
the Heb, D°2p1 2’génim (lit. ‘old men’). Cf. the equivalent 
Gr. y4 7 ed 

1382 Wyciir Dent. xix. 12 The aldren (MS. C. H 

eldere men] of that citee shulen seende. R- 
DALE Susanna 50 The elders (that is the ; les) 
sayde, ws ae At The lettre which we dyd wryte 
vnto oure elder Lasthenus. 1607 Saks. Cor, 1. 1. 230 
our best Elders. 16x Brste Ruth iv.g Boaz saide vnto 
the E) and vnto all the people, - glial we 
xvut. 586 The reverend To <M hit 

GLADSTONE 
» general appellation 


Expninstone Acc. Caudud (1842) I. 
and elders always lend their 


Prim. Homer (1878) 116 
of gerontes, elders, ) 36 


ELDER-BERRY. 


_4. In ecclesiastical use. A literal rendering of 
Gr. mpeoBurepos, the title given to a certain order 
or class of office-bearers in the early Christian 
Church. The Gr. word was adopted in eccle- 
siastical Latin as presbyter, and_its historical 
representative in Eng. is Prizst. In certain Pro- 
testant churches, chiefly those called Presbyterian, 
the Eng. word edder (with presbyter as an occa- 
sional synonym) is used as the designation of a 
class of officers intended to correspond in function 
to the ‘elders’ of the apostolic church. 

In the Presbyterian churches the term e/ders includes the 
clergy (for distinction called ‘teaching elders’), but in 
ordinary language it is restricted to the /ay or ruling 
elders, who are chosen in each parish or congregation to 
act with the mini in the te t of church affairs. 

(1382 Wyciir Acts xv. 6 And apostlis and eldre men 
camen to gidere.} 1526 TinpaLe 77¢vs i. 5 That thou .. 
shuldest ordeyne elders [Wyctir, preestis] in every citie. 
1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 237/2 Seing ye Church 
is compared to a flocke..the word shepeherde signifieth an 
Elder, not by age, but by office. 1651 Hosses Leviath. m1. 
xlii. 289 Timothy was an Elder. 1719 D’Urrey Pils (1872) 
II. 288 When their Bishops are pulled down, Our Elders 
shall be sainted. 1760 T., Hutcuinson /7/ist. Col. Mass. iv. 
(1765) 426 Most of the churches .. had one or more rulin: 
elder. 1794 Burns, Rodin shure in hairst, Robin .. Play’ 
me sic a trick, And me the eller’s dochter. 1846 M°Cut- 
Locu Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I]. 285 The Kirk Session 
is..composed of the minister of the parish and of lay-elders. 
New elders are chosen by the Session. 1 Loner, J, 
Standish 31 The lent Elder of Plymouth. 

5. Comb., as elder-like adv. 

1640 Witt’s Recreat. in Southey Comm.-P2. Bk. Ser. 1. 

14 Now most Elder-like he can Behave himself. 1795 
Scorn Joan of Arc ut. 542 Fathers of the church..what! 
elder-like Would ye this fairer than Susannah eye? — 

Evlder, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec.] To elder tt: to 
play the elder (brother or sister). 

1855 Chamb. Frni. 111. 243 She elders it with such tender 
protection over the little sister. 

Elder, dial. form of Hetpgr, rather. 

1857 E. WauGH Lanc. Sk. 26 in Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) One 
could elther m; e we't at th’ for-end o’ their days. 1874 
Manch. Critic 21 Feb. zbid., I'd elder see ’em wortchin for 
th’ next to nought nor see ’em doin nought. 

E:lder-berry. [f. Exper sd.1+Brrry.] The 
fruit of the elder. Also attrib. in elderberry-wine. 

Hence Erlderberriness (soce-wd.), used as 
a mock title, after highness, etc. 

1589 Pafpfe w. Hatchet (1844) 27 His Elderberines .. is 
«like an elderberrie. 1625 Althorf MS. in Simpkin- 
son Lake iy Introd. 62 Surrop of elderberries. 1766 
Pennant Zood. (1777) LV. 12 (Jod.) The ova become. .al- 
most as large as ripe elder berries. 1840-1 S. WARREN 7ex 
Thous. a Year 84/x Cowslip, currant, ginger, or elderberry 


wine. 
[f£ Exper 50.3 + 


Elderhood (eldashud). 
-HooD.] a. The position or estate of an elder, 
seniority. b. The estate of the elders or rulers; 
the body of elders. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wares vu. lxxvi, No elderhood, Rufus 
and Henrie stayes The imperial Crowne .. t’undertake. 
1860 Exticorr Life our Lord vii. 346 The Nazarene was 
..a blasphemer in the face of the elderhood of Israel. 

Evlderling. vave. [f. Exper sd.3 + -t1ve.] 

+1. Contemptuously for Expmr 5.3 4. Ods. 

1606 Br. W. Bartow Sern. (1607) A 3b, Euery .. Cere- 
monie which, in the Cockpit of Elderlings, is concluded to 
be Poperie, is not so. 

2. An elderly person. 

1863 Mark Lemon Wait for End xix. (1866) 237 The two 
elderlings began to lament their situation. 

Elderly (eldeuli), a. [f. Exper a. +-ty1.] 

1. Of eee or of things quasi-personified : Some- 
what old, verging towards old age. Also in comb., 
elderly-looking adj. 

161r Cotcr., Vieillot, elderlie, somewhat old. 1660 R. 
Coxe Power & Subj. 107 Let .. twelve elderly men of free 
condition, together with the Sheriff be sworne. 1712 Bup- 
GELL Sect. No. 301 Pr Elderly Fops, and superannuated 
Coquets. 1773 Pendicies Inst. Relig. (1872) Il. 353 The 
more elderly..members presided. 1 ACAULAY //ist. 
Eng. 1. 341 The elderly inhabitants [of Leeds] could still 
remember the time when the first brick house .. was built. 
1867 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. “on I. vi. 529 An elderly man 


at the time of his marriage. 1871 Tynpati F'% inh os 
vi. 198 The ‘ Urgent’ is an elderly ship, 1876 Gro. Extor 
Dan. Der, 111. xxxv. 30 You had need hire men to.. chip 
it all overartistically, to give it an elderly-looking surface. 

2. Of or pertaining to one in later life, 

1674 N. Farrrax Bulk § Selv. 152 In our own elderly 
doings..we are set on work after higher scantlings of wis- 
dom. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola (1880) I. Introd. 8 The 
Frate carried his doctrine rather too far for elderly ears. 
1866 — /. Holt (1868) 19 No elderly face can be handsome, 
looked at in that way. - 

3. quasi-sd. 

1865 WV. § Q. Ser. m, VIII. 82 Fifty years 
exclamation among the elderlies was ‘ my eye 

Hence Evlderliness. [see -NESS.] 

1876 Miss Yoncre Womankind xxxv. 322 The trials of 
elderliness have either been unfelt or safely weathered. 
1883 W. M. Baker Roll of Waves in Chicago Advance 

t., A certain reserve and elderliness of manner. 
“Fa erman, see ELDER @. 3. 

Eldern (e'ldem), a. Also 3 (Orvm.) elldern, 

eldrin, 7-8 Sc. eldren, 8 elderin. [f. EnpErR a. 
+-EN. In quot. 1839 prob. a new formation.] 
Vou, IIT. 


oa common 
itty Fisher’. 


73 


+1. Elderly. Ods. exc. Sc. 

¢ 1200 OrRMIN 1273 3iff bu..hafesst 3et .. tohh bu be 3ung, 
Elldernemanness late. /ééd. 1235. 1611 Hupson ¥udith 
49 (Jam.) The tree bends his eldren braunch That way 
where first the stroke hath made him launch. 1739 A. 
Nicot Poems 73 (Jam.) The eldern men sat down their lane, 
To wet their throats within. 1768 Ross Helenore 68 (Jam.) 
Colin and Lindy..The ane an elderin man, the niest a lad. 
I A. Witson To £. Picken, Aneath some spreading 
eldren thorn. 1818 Scorr Rob Roy xxxiv, His Excellency 
is a thought eldern. 

2. Old, belonging to earlier times. arch. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. (Gott. MS.) 18016 Mine eldrin folk of iuen 
lede Haue i [Satan] done rise againes him. a 1400 [implied 
in ELDERNLYadv.]. 1839 DarLey /utrod. Beaum. & Fletch. 
Wks. 1. 26 Our eldern dramatist was a decided poet, which 
our modern was not. 

Hence + E-ldernly, adv. [see -LY 2.], of old time. 

a1400 in Eng. Gilds. (1870) 352 Pat pe chalouns pat 
eldernlyche hadde y-set, so halde here a-syse. 

Eldern (e'ldain), a.2 [f. Enper 56.1 + -EN.] 

For apparent examples in 17th c. (probably to be referred 
to the attrib. use of eldern=E per 56.1) see Exper 50.) 3. 

Made of elder. 

1842 AKERMAN Wiltsh, Gloss. (E.D.S.). 1847 in Hauuiw. 
1875 Parisu Dict. Sussex Dial. s. v., An eldern stake and 
blackthorn ether Will make a hedge to last for ever. 

Eldership (eldarfip). [f Exper a. and 56.3 
+ -SHIP.] 

1. The position of being elder or senior ; seniority, 
precedence of birth, primogeniture. 

1549 R. Parsons Confer, Success. 1.vi. 128 Primogenitura 
or eldership of birth..was greatly respected by God. 1667 
Dryven /ud. Emperor i. ii, My claim to her by Eldership 
I prove. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison I. v. 19 Her sister 
addressed her always by the word Child, with an air of 
eldership. 1838 Arnotp Hist. Rome 1. 274 [By Roman 
law] all children .. inherited their father’s estate in equal 
portions, without distinction of sex or eldership. 

2. nonce-use. As a mock title of honour (after 
lordshipf) : The personality of an elderly person. 

1748 RicHarpson C/arissa (1811) IV. go So irresistible to 
their elderships to be flattered. 

3. The office or position of elder in a church. 

1577 Harrison England u. v. (1877) 1. 109 The office of 
eldership is equallie distributed betweene the bishop and 
the minister. 1655 FULLER Ch. Hist. 1x. vi. § 52 He was de- 
posed from his Eldership. 

4. The collective body of (ecclesiastical) elders ; 
a body or court of elders, a presbytery. 

mss7 NV. 7. (Genev.) x Tim. iv. 14 That gyft.. which 
was geuen thee by prophecie with the laying on of the 
handes, by the Eldership. 1634-46 Row Hist. Kirk (1824) 
66 They that tyrannize not over, but be subject to their 
particulare elderships. 1721 Woprow Corr, (1843) II. 568 Do 
you not lay in one scale the minister against the whole 
eldership in the other? 1828 E. Irvinc Last Days 151 As 
office-bearers in the church we are an unholy and an un- 
worthy eldership, 1885 Epcar Old Ch. Life Scotl. 189 
All the courts of the Church might be called either Presby- 
teries or Elderships. 

Eldest (e'ldést), a. suger/. Forms: 1 eldest(a, 
seldest(a, (WS. ieldest(a, yldest(a), yltst, 2 
ylste, 2-3 ealdeste, eldeste, 3 eldast, -ost, -ust, 
(heldest, 5 eeldist), 3- eldest, orth. eildest. 
[OE. ¢/desta, superl. of OE. ald (WS. eald) 
Oxp; cf. OFris. eldest(a, OHG. altist(o (mod.G. 
altest(e), Goth. adpist(a:—OTeut. *aldisto- (-on-). 
See ELpER a.] 

The original form of the superlative of OLD; 
now superseded by OLDEST exc. in special uses. 

+1. Of persons or things: Most aged, farthest 
advanced in age. Also abdso/. (quasi-sd.), Obs. in 
general sense : seplaced by OLDEsT, 

It is, however, still not. unusual to speak of ‘ the (two or 
three) eldest members of a family,’ ‘the eldest of the com- 
pany,’ etc. ; but this is due either to some slight notion of 
precedence or superior rank conferred by seniority, or to the 
wish to avoid the implication that the persons are, abso- 
lutely, old. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 11 Sede eower yltst [c 1160 
Hatton G. yldest] sy beo se eower ben. c 1205 Lay. 2721 
Gloigin hehte a alre elduste [rago heldeste]. a 1300 Cursor 
M. 5847 Wid the eldest folk of israel. 1523 Lp. BeRNERS 
Froiss. I. liii. [lii.] 190 The eldest man that lyuyng neuer 
saw nor herde of the lyke. 1559 Morwyne Evonym. 323 A 
sexta or xx unces of the eldest wine. 1607-12 Bacon 
Parents § Childr., Ess. (Arb.) 274/t A man shall see where 
there is a howsefull of Children, one or two of the eldest 
respected, 1611 Biste Yohx viii. 9 They ..went out .. be- 
ginning at the eldest, euen ynto the last [so 1881 in X. /.]. 

. The first-born, or the oldest surviving (mem- 

ber of a family, son, daughter, etc.). Also quasi-sd. 

cx000 Aitrric Gen. xliv. 12 He sohte fram pam yldestan 
op pone gingestan. c1175 Cott. Hom. 227 Se asprang of 

oes ylste sune. c1205 Lay. 2930 Pa zldeste dohter haihte 
Gornoille [x: 5 eldeste]. c1230 Hadi Meid. 41 Heo of alle 
unbeawes is his ealdeste dohter, 1297 R. Grove. (1724) 381 
Normandye hys erytage he 7 hys eldoste sone Ro 
Courtese. a@1300 Cursor M. 4119 An was eildest o 
elleuen..ruben, 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vi. xiv. 
199 Lawe woll that the eldest sone haue the more parte 
of therytage. 1536 WrioTHEestey Chron. (1875) I. 50 The 
Erle of Ruttlandes eldyste daughter. 1595 SHaxs. Yohz 1. 
159 Good old sir Roberts wiues eldest sonne. 1715 De For 
Fam. Instruct. 1. iv. (1841) 1.86 Why not. .with you as well 
as with your eldest sister. be J. Power Devises (1827) 
II. 365 A testator .. desired that the first annuity .. might 
devolve upon the eldest child. 1818 Cruise Digest VI. 320 
The eldest son had but an estate for life. x . GARNETT 
Carlyle 12 Carlyle was the eldest of nine children. 


ELDMOTHER. 


3. Earliest, first produced ; first, most ancient. 
arch. Also quasi-sd, 

“oy K. Aitrrep Gregory’s Past. xliii. 313 Dat we Ze- 
myndziad dere scylde pe ure ieldesta maz us on forworhte 
1340 Ayend. 104 He [God] is pe eldeste and pe meste 
yknawe. ©1449 Pecock Refr. 1. xix. 406 In the eeldist 
tyme. 1593 Hooker £ccl. Pol. iv. vii, Neither is the ex- 
ample of the eldest Churches a whit more auailable. 1602 
Suaxs. Ham. 1. iii. 37 My offence. .hath the primall eldest 
curse vpon’t, 1649  Ubpet Laws Eng. 1. xxxix. (1739) 59 
Of Imprisonment there was little use in the eldest times. 
1681 DrypENn Ads. §& Achit. 458 And Self-defence is Nature’s 
Eldest Law. 1773 Monsoppo Language (1774) I. 1. vii. 87 
Matter must be the eldest of things. 180x Soutney 7ha- 
taba x1. xii, Thou the eldest, thou the wisest, Guide me. 
1819 SHELLEY Cenc? v. iv. 101 Plead with the swift frost 
That it should spare the eldest flower of spring. 

+4. Af?. Senior in rank or standing. Ods. 

1721 Lond. Gaz. No. 5930/1 The eldest Battallion of Foot- 
Guards. 

5. In Card-playing. Z/dest hand, the first player ; 
the right of playing first. 

1599 Minsueu Dialogues Sp. & Eng. (1623) 26/2, I did 
lift an ace..I a fower..I a sixe, whereby I am the eldest 
hand, 1680 Cotton Compl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 
(1816) 342 If there be three kings, &c. turned up, the eldest 
hand wins it. _ 1719 D’Urrey Pd/s I. 99 The ’tothers eldest 
Hand Gave Hopes to make a Jest on ‘t. 1876 A. CAMPBELL- 
WALKER Correct Card (1880) Gloss. 11 Eldest hand, the 
player on the dealer's left hand. 

+6. Law. Liwest part: (see quot.) Ods. 

1641 Termes de la Ley 137 The eldest part. Enitia pars 
is that part that upon partition amongst coparceners falls 
unto the eldest sister or auncientest coparcener. 

7. Comb., as eldest-born, -hearted. 

1605 Suaks. Lear 1. i. 55 Gonerill Our eldest borne speak 
first. 1840 CARLYLE Heroes i. 7 Man..the eldest born of a 
certain genealogy. 1853 Kincstey //yfatia i. 7 They had 
elected Pambo for their abbot..eldest-hearted of them. 

+ Evldfather. Os. Forms: 1 ealdfeder, 3 
aldevader, 4 aldfader, eldefader, eld(e-, eelde- 
fadir, 5 eldfader, -fadyre, elfadyr, 6 elfader, 
eldefather. [OE. (WS.) ealdfxder, f. eald, Ev 
a., OLD, + Fatuer; cf. OS., OF ris. a/dfader, OHG. 
altfater, mod.G. altvater patriarch, ancestor. 
The occurrence in northern dialects of the forms 
with e/d- (as if from WS. ead?) has not been ac- 
counted for. Cf, ELDMOTHER. 

Sense 2 does not occur in the other Teut. langs.; the form 
elfadyr has given rise to a suggestion that it is a distinct 
word, f. OE. g/- other; but this is against the evidence of 
the older forms.] 

1. A grandfather; a forefather in general. 

Beowulf 373 (Gr.) Wes his ealdfeader Ecgpeo haten, ¢c 1000 
fExrric Gen. xv. 15 Pu soplice forpfeerst..to pinum eald- 
federum, c1205 Lay. 31009 He wes Merwales fader{ 
Mildbur3e aldeuader. c1325 Metr. Hom. 122 Hir aldfader 
cal I Adam. ¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth, u. iv. 40 Per shineb 
pe lyknesse of pe witte of hir fadir and of hir eldefadir. 
1375 Barsour Bruce xu. 694 Eftir his gude eld-fadir [he] 
was Callit robert. c 1425 WyNnTOoUN Cro. vil. viii. 230 Oure 
Kyng of Scotland, Dawy .. Wes eld-fadyre til oure kyng 
Willame. 1460 CapGRAVE Chron. 24 Sartigh, whech was 
eld-fader to Abraham. 

2. A father-in-law. 

c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 165 Nis be gist siker of be huse- 
bonde . ne pe aldefader of his odem. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 5730 
Moyses .. was sett to kepe All his eildfader scepe. c¢ 1440 
Promp. Parv. 137 Elfadyr, socer. 1510 Will of Bake- 
ber (Somerset Ho.) To be bestowed at the mind of myn 
elfader. 1634 W777 in Acts Durham High Commiss. Crt. 
(1857) 17 zo¢e, In the parish Church of St. Nicholas as neare 
my eld-father, Charles Slingsbye. .as possible may be. 

‘Idin. dai. Also elgins, eldin-docken. 
[Of unknown etymology: identified with next by 
Jamieson, who alleges that the plant was used for 
fuel.] The Butter-bur (Petasztes vulgaris); by 
Jamieson erroneously said to be Rumex aguaticus. 

1562 TuRNER Heréal 11. 83 a, Petasites..is called in Nor- 
thumbreland an Eldin, in Cambridgeshire a Butterbur. 1808 
Jamreson Eldin-docken, Roxb.—£igins, Loth. 

Elding (e'ldin)!. Os. exc. dial. Also eilding, 
eyldynge, eldin, elden(e, eldinge. [a. ON. 
elding, f. eldr fire. Cf. Da. z/ding.] Fuel. 

@1300 Cursor M. 3164 Ysaac pe elding broght. c1440 
Promp. Parv. 136 Hyldynge, or fowayle, focale. 1580 
Kirton-in-Lindsey Ch. Acc, in Proc. Soc. Antig, Ser.u. II. 
387 Item for Eldene xiid. 1648 /did. in Peacock N.-W. Linc. 
Gloss. (E. D.S.) To blind Sutton wife for elding. 1705 nv. 
ibid., Eldin..and stocks and blocks ros. 1790 A. WILSON 
Elegy on Unfort. Tailor, He'd sit, And ilka wee the eldin 
hit, And gab fu’ trimly. 1816 Scorr Amtig. xi, ‘Wadna ye 
be glad to buy a dram wi't, to be eilding and claise?’ 1857 
E. Waucu Lanc. Life 140 Up blazed the inflammable eild- 
ing with a crackling sound. 

‘Iding.? Sc. Obs. rare. [f. Exp v. + -nc?.] 


Old age. : 
a 1600 Maitland Poems 193 (Jam.) Elding is end of erthlie 


lie. 
*; E-ldmother. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 1 
(WS.) ealdmédor, 3-6 eldmoder, 5-9 elmother, 
6- eldmother. [OE. (WS.) ealdmédor, f. eald, 
Exp a., OLp + Motuer. Cf. OF ris. addméder, alde- 
méder; and see ELDFATHER.] 

1. A grandmother. 

c1o0o AEtrric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 173 Avia, ealde 
modor. @ 1300 Cursor M. 1189 Abel .. bad his _eldmoder 
maiden-hede. ¢1425 Voc. in Wr,-Wiilcker 672 Hec ania, 
eldmoder. 


2. a. A mother-in-law. b. A stepmother. 
10 


ELDNESS, 
P Parv. Eld_ modyr [X elmod: - 
1440 Promp, Parv. 137 i yr [ ler], soc: 


rus. LAS 

ane hundreth thair saw I Hecuba. 1519 Will of R. Payne 
(Somerset Ho.) To Margaret Shelle fe 
melche neete. 1572 Wills & Inv. N.C.(x 435) I. 352, 1 gyue 
vnto my eldmother his wyffe my wyffes e. a Y 
other. 


gates ealdnysse. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 7 


Sodom and her do3tris shulen turne a3en to her e! % 

+ E:ldnyng. Obs. rare. [possibly repr. OE, 
¢g/nung, {. ¢/nian to envy, be jealous: see Eyy- 
DILL.) ? Jealousy, suspicion. 

1500-20 Dunsar 7wa Maryit Wem. & Wedo 119 That 
carll mangit, That full of eldnyng is, et anger, et all euill 
thewis. /éid. 126, I dar nought keik to the knaip that the 
cop fillis For eldnyng of that ald schrew that euer on euill 
thynkis. 

|| Bl Dorado (e:ldoia-do). [Sp. ¢/ the, dorado 
gilded, pa. pple. of dorar to gild.] The name of 
a fictitious country (according to others a city) 
abounding in gold, believed by the Spaniards and 
by Sir W. Raleigh to exist upon the Amazon 
within the jurisdiction of the governor of Guiana, 

1596 RaLeiGH (¢/t/e) Discoverie of Guiana, witha relation 
of the Great and Golden Citie of Manoa (which the Spaniards 
call El Dorado). 1622-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. iv. (1682) 142 
Letting pass these dreams of an El Dorado, let us descend. 
etc. 1 Mitton P. LZ. x1. 411 Unspoil’d Guiana, whose 
7 Citie Geryon’s Sons Call El Dorado, 


. fig. 

1827 F. Cooper Prairie I. i. 15 A band of emigrants seek- 
ing for the Eldorado of their desires. c1860 WRAXALL 
tr. R. Houdin i. 2 How often, in my infantile dreams, did 
a benevolent fairy open before me the door of a mysterious 
El Dorado. 

Eldress (e'ldrés). [f. ELDER sd.3 + -Ess.] A 
female elder, a woman ordained to rule or teach 
in a church. 

1 Br. Hatt Zfisc. ut. iv. 237, I suppose no man will 
think S. Paul meant to ordain Eldresses in the Church. 
1753 WuiTEFIELD Let, to Zinzendorf Wks. 1771 IV. 255 
Over the head of the general Eldress, was placed her own 
picture. 1880 Howetts Undisc. Country xii. 172 The office 
sisters consulted with the eldress, 

+Evldring.! O¢s. [f. Exper a, + -1nG3.] 
In 7/., Elders, parents, ancestors. 

c1300 K. Adis. 4948 Her eldrynges beth elde. 1315 
SHOREHAM 97 3yf thou rewardest thyne eldrynges nau3t 
A-lyve and te a-dethe. 1340 Ayend, 118 Pe .. yefpes pet 
he bro3te mid him uor to yeue. .to his eldringes. 

I. ing.“ Os. rare. Also 4 elringe, 7 
elldring, 8 eldriene. [app. = OHG. erlinc, 
‘escaurus’, prob. cognate and synonymous with 
mod.Ger. e/ritze minnow, which Kluge connects 
with e//er (OHG. elira, ertla), ALDER, as if ‘ fish 
that lives under the shade of alders’.] 

A fish; perh. properly the minnow (Leuciscus 
phoxinus), though this does not suit quot. 1618. 
c1325 Metr. Hom. 136 Wit pouer men fares the kin; 
Riht als the quale fars wit the elringe. 1618 in Nawort, 
Househ. Bks. 83, 3 elldrings v’. 1753 Cuampers Cyc, 
“¥ Fs Eldriene. -a name by which some call the. .minnow. 
dritch (eldrit{, elrit{), a. Sc. Forms: 6 
elrich(e, elritch(e, -risch(e, -rish, elraige, 
-rage, alriche, 8-9 eldrich, (9 eltrich), 8- el- 
dritch. See also Expurisu. [Of obscure origin ; 
connexion with ELF, conjectured by Jamieson, 
would be suitable for the sense, and is supported 
by the form ELpuHRisH, app. the same wo! a’ 

Weird, ghostly, unnatural, frightful, hideous. 

1508 Dunsar Gold. Targe 125 Thare was Pluto the elrich 
incubus. x$13 Dovuctias Aneis vit. 108 Vgsum to heir was 
hir wyld elriche screik. 1535 Stewart Crom, Scot. If. 636 
Thair cleithing quhilk wes of elritche hew, 1536 BEeLten- 


pEN Cron, Scot. 1. 217 Mony haly and relligious men. . fled 
in desertis and elraige placis. 1585 Jas. I. Ass. Poesie(Arb.) 
68 The king of Fary.. With many e Incubus rydant. 


1598 J. Metviut. Diary 25 Feb. 320 The amazfull, ugly 
alriche darkness. 1789 Burns On Caft. Grose, Ye'll find 
him snug in Some eldritch part. 1 RINGLE A/r, Sk. ii, 
144 tana bursts of wild and eldrich laughter. 1850 Haw- 
THORNE Scarlet Let, vii. (1879) 122 Pearl..gave an eldritch 
scream. 1860 Lp. Lytton ST eciie 1. iii, § x, 87 Truth is 
appalling and eltrich, as seen By this world’s artificial 
lamplights. 1866 Howe.ts Venet. Life iii. 40 Joy that had 
something eldritch and ly in it. 

+ E:ldship. O¢s. rave—'. [f. Eup a.+-su1P.] 
Old — pra 

« More Song of Soud 1. ii. xxxi, Like winter-morn 
beletnt with ene es nid ho goodly Eldship shine. 

+ Ele, sd. Ods. Forms; 1 ele, 1-4 ele, 3 eli, 
ely, eoli. [OE. e/e = OHG. off (mod.G, é/):— 
WGer. o/#, ad. late L. oli-um (L. oleum). After- 
wards replaced by the Fr. form of the same word, 
now represented by Orn, q.v. for the forms o/Z, 
eoile.| = Om. 

¢ Lindisf, Gosp. Matt. 5 Pagtom uutetlice 

low vec ng fetel hon mid leht-fatum. ¢ 1000 
Sax. Leechd, U1, 230 Wip wambe rudan on ele. 
¢ 1200 ORMIN 13252 tt te33..Onnfon burrh hallzhedd 


74 


ele att Crist Hiss Hallzhe Gastess frofre. az2ag Ancr. R. 

428 Me schal helden eoli and win beode ine wunden. 

t Ble, v1 Obs. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To anal: 
5 Hi i and ieled iheled 

: 1 see gin “uae hym i 4 Ted, 

42 This children eleth me nau3t. 

Hence Erling vé/. sb. Last eling: extreme unc- 

tion. 

Baba Seoeae an a8 For the sygne of thys sacrement the 


[f. OF. ele, eele (mod.F. ailé) 
irds). 


¢ 1500 For serve Lord in Babees Bk. (1868) 375 To tyre or 
to ele a partorich or a quayle y-whyngged 3 


Ele, obs. form of A1sLE, Aw1, EEL. 

Eleatic (elz\'tik), a. and sé. [f. L. Eleatic-us, 
from Z/ea, name of an ancient Greek city in S.W. 
Italy: cf. -aric.] 

A. adj. Pertaining to Elea or its inhabitants ; 
spec. used of the philosophy of Xenophanes, Par- 
menides, and Zeno, who lived or were born there. 
B.sé. An Eleatic philosopher. 

1695 Lp. Preston Boeth.1. 5 Brought up in Eleatique & 
Academique Studies. 1837 WHEeweLt Hist. Jnduct. Sc. 
(1857) I. 342 Parmenides must be regarded as an Eleatic 
[di nally 1849 Grote Greece (1862) VI. Ixvii. 44 The 
dialectical movement emanated .. from the Eleatic school. 
1870 Bowen Logic ix. 312 The famous argument, called the 
Achilles, proposed by Pass the Eleatic. 

Hence Blea‘ticism, the doctrine or system of 
the Eleatics. 

1867 J. H. Stirwine tr. Schwegler’s Hist. Philos. (ed. 8) 
15 Eleaticism is consequently monism, so far as it endeavours 
— the manifold of existence to a single ultimate 
principle. 

Elebore, -bory, -bre, -bur, obs. forms of 
HELLEBORE. 

Elecampane (¢:l/kémpé@"n). Forms: 6 ely-, 
(alecampane, alacompane, heli-, hilicampana), 
6-7 elicampane, 7 elecampana, elecompane, 
elecampany, elicumpany, helicampane, el- 
campane, 8 elecampain, (9 elicampene, aly- 
compaine, alicompayne, allicampane), 6- ele- 
campane. Also 7 enulacampane. [corruptly 
ad. med.L. enula campana. The sb. enula is a 
late form of the classical zzu/a. The pseudo- 
Apuleius (4th c.) and later writers identify the 

lant with the he/enium described by dee f ; hence 

innzeus adopted Aelenium as the specific name. 
In OE, inu/a was (corruptly) adopted as eolone 
(:-earlier *z/una). The adj. campana may mean 
: Campanian’, or it may have the late sense ‘of the 
fields’; the latter interpretation was current in 
14th c., as Glanvil. distinguishes two species, 
hortulana and campana.] 

. A perennial composite plant, Horse - heal 
({nula Helenium), with very large yellow radiate 
flowers and bitter aromatic leaves and root; for- 
merly used as a tonic and stimulant. 

{1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. Wiii. (495) 636 
Enula is an herbe and is oft callyd Enula campana. ? 1540 
Treas. of Poore Men 62 Elena campana.] 1533 Etyor 
— Helth e348) 98 Drinke yor gt with - a 
wilde carettes, or elycampane. uLLeYn Bh, Simples 
15 (Britten & Holl.), Enda campana, which we ¢ 4 

jain people call Alacompane. 1562 Turner /erédal u. 21 
Toasla is called..in Englishe Elecampane or Alecampane. 
1599 Life Sir T. More in Wordsworth Zecl. Biog. (1853) 11. 
47 The fume of hilicampana is very pleasing. OLLAND 
Pliny 11. 91 Elecampane ., sprang first (as men say) from 
the teares of Ladie Helena. 1616 Surri. & Markn. Countr. 
Farm 198 The Wine wherein the root of Elicampane hath 
steept..is singular good inst the colicke. 1657 Rumsey 
Org. Salutis y. (1659) 29 Afterwards eat of the said Cordial 
made of Enulacampane, etc. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 
= Elecampain  poors in many Places of England. 1794 

. ousseau’s Bot, xxvi. 


F. Martyn i. 393 The true 
pane is distinguished by its led leaves, downy 
underneath, 1876 Harvey Jf fed. 532 Elecampane has 


. Me 
been prescribed since the time of Hippocrates. 

2. A species of sweetmeat flavoured with a pre- 
paration from the root of this plant. 

1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) Post. 
Groans xxix, Some long-forgotten bonbon of your boyhood 
(treacle, elecampane, stick liquorice). 1855 THACKERAY 
Newcomes 1. 244, 1 don’t know how he spent it except in 
hard-bake and alycompaine. 1875 F. I. Scupamore Day 
Dreams 128, I have admired Napoleon in marble, I have 
eaten him in elecampane, 

b. attrib. 

1610 Markuam Master. u. lii. 298 Powders of brimstone 

and elecampany roots. 1752 Cuampers Cyc/. 11. s. v. pred 
*, Jat kn tofoat 


ine, ’ 
root of that plant, with sugar and currans, in white port. 
1838 T. Tuomson Chem. Ong: Bodies 4o8 Its [Helenin) taste 
and smell are similar to those of elecampane root. 

Eleccion, -ioun, -youn, obs. ff. ELzcrion. 

+ Elect, s2.1 Ods. [?f. the vb.; or ?ad. L. 
élect-us, f. éligére ; see next.] = Exxorion, 

1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. 11, xix. (1495) 44 By electes 
and choys [L. e/ectione] of his owne free adu' he.. 
wolde be rebell agaynst god. ¢ Wyntoun Cron, 1x. 
xxvii. 141 Schire fleay .. Wald had beene un- 
done Sua pat his Son mycht be Promovit to pat Dignite. 


ELECT. _ 


new 4 adj. mn - 
1. Picked out, chosen ; also, chosen for excellence 
or by preference; select, choice. Also adsol. a 


person or 
2 a 1400 Ci PLL Man..which is his owne 


eleckte. Norton Ord. Adch, in Ashm. (1652) Introd. 3 
A Booke of secrets given by God; To men Elect, a Beaten- 
Trod. Caxton Eng. 3 eed Saul. .was a 
man and elect of God. W. Wanner tr. A lessio’s 
ecrets 1. 11. 48b Take Iris what quantitie you 


. fee. .shipped a and 
souldiours..in gallies. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. VI//, u. iv. 

60 You haue heere Lady. .the 0’ th’ who are 
assembled To pleade your Cause. rap Sager me XI. 214 
The Race elect. wilde Desert. 1863 
fiber i me ba eee 
iberty. WELL Among m . Ser. 1. (1873) 310 
small elder poets to which 


her laurelled head. 1876 


cation with his constituents. 

2. spec. in Theol, Chosen by God, esp. for salva- 
tion or eternal life. Opposed to reprobate. Often 
aésol. with plural sense, Zhe elect. 

1 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4b, His owne electe 
and chosen chyldren. 1535 Jove Afol. Tindale 41 The 
electe shal be there with their bodyes. 1582 V. 7. Rhem) 
Rom. viii. 33 Who shal accuse against the elect of God? 1593 
Hooker Eccl. Pol.t. iv, The elect Angels are without possi- 
bilitie offalling. 1630 Prynne A ti-A rmin. 122 It makes, the 
Elect and Reprobate, all alike. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. m1. 136 In 
the blessed Spirits elect Sense of new joy ineffable diffus’d. 
1719 D'Urrey Pills (1872) V. 105» I mean the Sect of those 

lect, That loath to live by Merit. a1763 Byrom Pre- 
destination, etc. (R.), While others .. Are mercy’s vessels, 
precious and elect. 1837 Penny Cyc. IX. 333/2 All the 
elect are effectually called at some point of time in life. 

b. allusively. (Cf. Matt. xxiv. 24.) 

1885 J. J. Maney Brit. Almanac Comp. 29 The street 
was a miracle in lath and plaster, which might almost de- 
ceive the very e 

3. Chosen to an office or dignity. Now usually, 
Chosen, elected, but not installed in office (in 
sense almost always following the sb.). Simi- 
larly, in mod, use, bride, bridegroom elect, said of 
betrothed * 


S 
one of the Tribunes elect. 1751 Caasmuan Cel. Ls.v., A 


fayth. 1546 Bare Ang. Votaries u. (x59) 42b, A fore- 


uliar An; 
+2. One that has been chosen for an office or 
function ; often = bishop elect (see A. 5). Os 
wes 


1425 WyYNTOUN Cron. IX. XxVil. 127 

oe ae ike in pe Impire is. 1490-1 
Ld. Treas. Acc. Scott. 1. 197 Item fora 

with Master Johne for the anna of 
the temporalite. Pi Kent (1826) 149 
Afterward he [the Pope] refuseth both the and pre- 
ferreth . 2709 Strvpe Ann. Ref. I. vi. 98 
Parker the other four Elects to give unto 
yearly a thousand marks. 

+3. = Exxcro. O6: 


iS. 

1783 Watson Philip LIT (1 1. 1. 139 Ha chosen 
Fras bab ; ip LIT (1793) 39 Having 

4. In the Royal Co! 
the eight officers (abol 
fi the function of grantin, 
right of electing the President of the College from 
their own number, 


ELECTABLE. 


elect. 168: Cuetnam Angler's Vade-m. ii. § 1 (1689) 7 
Elect your Hair not from lean, poor, or diseased jades. 
1802 Patey Nat. Theol. xxv. (1819) 399 The magnetic 


needle elects its position. . 

2. To make deliberate choice of (a course of 
action, an opinion, etc.) in preference to an alter- 
native. In legal use often adso/. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. vit. i, Comyn wytte doothe full 
Sell alecte What it shoulde take, and what it shall abjecte. 
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. ii. 59 It can suspend its 
own acting, either of electing or rejecting. 1818 Cruise 
Digest V1. 26 He must therefore elect. 1837 Penny Cyci. 
IX. 334/1 a 4 are seldom called to adjudicate upon it, 
except where the party has already elected. 1847 Emer- 
son Repr. Men iti. Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 334 He 
elected goodness as the clue to which the soul must cling in 
all this labyrinth of nature. 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 
1. i. §25 The Motives which we determinately elect as our 
guiding principles of action. __ 

b. with infinitive as obj. 
formerly chiefly in legal use). 

a 1626 Bacon Max. Com. Law ix. 38 If there bee an over- 
plus of goods..then ought he. .to determine what goods hee 
doth elect to have in value. 1661 BoyLe Style of Script. 
182, I would not have Christians. .elect to read God’s word, 
rather in any book than his own. 1788 J. Powett Devises 
(1827) II. 65 The daughter..was a lunatic, and therefore 
incompetent to elect to take the estate as land or money. 
1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius I. 905 The assured may 
elect to abandon to the underwriter all right to such part 
of the property as may be saved. 1868 ices Realmah 
xvi. (1876) 447 She was secretly delighted that the jester 
had elected to live with her. ; 

3. To choose (a person) by vote for appoint- 
ment to an office or position of any kind. Used 
in three different constructions: Zo elect (a person) 
to (an office, etc.) ; Zo elect (an officer, etc.) ; and 
with complement, as ‘they elected him their 
chief’. Also adsol. 

1494 Fasyan vi. ccii. 212 Gerbres .. was electe pope of 
Rome. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 79 Sexburge was 
electe To be abbesse. 1588 SHaxs. 77¢. A. 1. i. 228 1f you 
will elect by my aduise, Crowne him, and say: Long liue 
our Emperour. 1743 Tinpat tr. Rafpin’s Hist. Eng. I. 
xvu. 94 They resolved to elect an Inter-Rex. 1785 Burns 
Twa Herds iv, Ye wha were .. by the brutes themselves 
eleckit, To be their guide. 1777 Watson Philip IT (1839) 
159 They elected for their king Don Ferdinand de Valor. 
1867 BuckLe Civilis. (1873) III. i. 32 Few of the Scotch 
towns ventured to elect akeic chief magistrate from among 
their own people. ; E 

4. Theol. Of God: To choose (certain of His 
creatures) in preference to others, as the recipients 
of temporal or spiritual blessings ; esp. to choose 
as the objects of eternal salvation. Also abéso/. 

a@ 1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 42 Antecedency of faith be- 
fore the act of electing. 1626 W. ScLater E.xfos. 2 Thess. 
(1629) 68 To induce the Lord to elect or predestinate. 1837 
Penny Cycl. 1X. 333/1 Particular persons, without any re- 
gard whatever to their merits or demerits, are elected, or 
rejected for ever. 

lectable (‘lektab’l), a. [f. prec. + -ABLE.] 
Able to be elected, qualified for election. 

x Echo 6 Mar. 2/4 The electorate has been widened, 
but the electable lass has been narrowed. 

+Electancy. 00s. rare. [f. as next; see 
-ANoY.] The power of choosing. 

1768 Tucker (Todd, s.v. Electant), 

+Ele‘ctant. Ods. rare. [ad. L. éectant-em, 
pr. pple. of ddectare, freq. of eligére to choose: 
ef, Enxcr a@., and -ant.] One who has power of 
choosing. 

1768 Tucker Lt, Nat. (1852) I. 552 Man isa free agent, 
and a free volent..but you cannot go on further to entitle 
him a free electant too. 1847 in Craic. 

Electar, var. form of ELEcTRE, Ods. 

Electary, variant of ELEcTUARY. 

Elected (¢lektéd), Af/. a. [f. Exeor v. + -ED.] 

1. Chosen; chosen for office, etc.; see the vb. 

1559 Form Consecr. Bishops in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz 
(1847) 293 The elected Bishop shall be presented. .unto the 
Archbishop of that Province. 161x SHaxs. Cyd. ut. iv. 12 
Why hast thou gone so farre To be vn-bent? when thou 
hast ’tane thy stand, Th’ elected Deere before thee? 1673 
Penn Chr. Quaker vi. 538 Some Parents .. do frequently 
bestow their Favours upon an Elected Darling. 1851 Loner. 
Gold. Leg., Farm in Odenw., Thou art my elected bride. 

+b. aésol. with plural sense. Obs. rare. 

1548 tr. Erasm. Paraph., Acts, 23a lesus..the defendour 
of his owne elected. 1550 CRANMER Defence Pref. *2a To.. 
geue pardon..to al his elected. 

2. Chosen by vote as distinguished from other 
modes of selection. 

Mod. The elected members of the council command more 
confidence than the nominated members. 

Electee (‘lektz:). [f. as prec. + -EE.] One 
chosen or elected. 

1593 Bitson Govt. Christ’s Ch. 357 They could witnesse 
the behaniour of the electees to be sincere. 

+ Ele-ctic, bad form of Ectxcric, after ELEcT v. 

1636 Featiy Clavis Myst. xxxii. 448, I will rather be an 
Electicke than a Criticke. 


. Blecting (flektin), v2. sb. [f. Exec v. + 
-Inc!,] The action of the verb Execr. 
1611 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 160 The ellect- 
ing of a Towne Clarke. 1687 in Magd. Coll. § Fas. [I 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 88 The Electing of the Bishop of Oxford. 
Electing, ppl. a. [f.as prec. + -ING?.] Choos- 


ing, etc.: cf. senses of vb. 


(Now common, but 


75 


1674 Hickman Hist. Quinguart. (ed. 2) 181 They say, that 
Electing love makes men willing, and that Holiness is an 
effect of Election. 

Election (/lekfon). Forms: 4 eleccioun, 
-ciown, -cyoun(e, 4-6 -cion, 5-6 -cyon, (5 
alexcion), 5 electyown, 6 -tyon, -tioune, -ttyon, 
6- election. )) 

n. of action f. éligére : S€€ 

The action of choosing: in various specific ap- 
plications. 

1. The formal choosing of a person for an office, 
dignity, or position of any kind; usually by the 
votes of a constituent body. 

e270 St. Edmund in Saints’ Lives (1887) 443 Pe Elec- 
cioun was i-maud in pe chapitle at Caunterburi. c 1330 
R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 208 To mak eleccion, To chese 
be suld cheue aman of gode renoun. 1419 Bp. Cuirrorp in 
Ellis Orig. Lett. 1.29 I.gt, 1. .confermed the eleccion of dame 
Jhone North abbesse. c¢1450 Erle Tolous 1202 Be alex- 
cion of the lordys free The erle toke they thoo, They made 
hym ther emperoure. 1535 CoveRDALE Acts xiv. 23 Whan 
they had ordeyned them Elders by eleccion thorow all the 
congregacions. 1583 Stusses A naz, A dus. u. 99 Thechurches 
haue no further power in the election of their pastor, 1614 
Raveicu Hist. World u. 365 Abimelech practised with the 
inhabitants of Sechem, to make election of himselfe. 1776 
Gisson Decl. & Fadl vii. I. 172 In a large society the 
election of a monarch can never devolve to the wisest. 1845 
S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. 1. 39 The empire. .had waived 
the right .. to interfere in the election of the pope. 1867 
Bricut Sp. Amer. 29 June (1876) 146 They found that the 
presidential election was adverse to the cause of slavery. 

b. sfec. The choice by popular vote of mem- 
bers of a representative body (in the United 
Kingdom, chiefly of members of the House of 
Commons) ; the whole proceedings accompanying 
such a choice. General election: an election of 
representatives throughout an entire country, to 
fill vacancies simultaneously created ; opposed to 
by-election. 

1648 Ezkon Bas. 2, 1 was .. sorry to heare with what par- 
tiality.. Elections were carried in many places. 1705 Lut- 
TRELL Brief Rel. (1857) V. 612 A writt ordered for a new 
election at Castle Rising. 1789 Betsuam £ss. II. xli. 533 
It is not infamous to be incapable of voting at a county 
election. 1853 Lytron A/y Novel u. xxii. 379 The election 
.. suddenly grew into vivid interest. 1874 Morey Com- 
promise (1886) 20 At elections the national candidate has 
not often a chance against the local candidate. 

+e. A vote. Obs. rare. 

1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 11 § 3 The burgesses .. shal 
..come and giue their elections. 

+d. concr. An electoral body. Ods. rare. 

1 Raste.y Pastyme, Hist. Pap. (1811) 55 But parte of 
the eleccyon did chose one Victor. . 

2. The exercise of deliberate choice or preference ; 
choice between alternatives, esf. in matters of 
conduct. +A¢ or zz (one’s) election: at (one’s) 
option or discretion. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 86 Which stant in disposicion Of 
mannes fre election, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 321/4 Where 
he now resteth by his election and by the purueaunce of god. 
c1gr0 Morr Picus Wks. 8/1 Which he wold chose, ifhe should 
of necessitie be driuen to that one, and at hiselection, 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 94 b, Vsed to chose by elec- 
cyon & full deliberacyon y* thynge that is of lesse good- 
nes. 1602 FuLBecKe 1st Pt. Parall. 26 Where the tenant 
is outlawed of felony, it is in the Lords election to haue 
a Writ of Escheate. 1670 CLarENDON Ess, in Tracts (1727) 
1gt True virtue presupposeth an election. 1685 Pretty 
Last Will 11 As for beggars by trade and election I give 
them nothing. 1754 Epwarps Freed. WiiZ1. iv. (1762) 26 
A man has a Thing in his Power, if he has it in his Choice, 
orathis Election. 1788 J. PowEett Devises (1827) I1.71 The 
enquiry, who are personally competent to make, and what 
amounts to such anelection, 1818 Cruise Digest III. 312 
Disseisins of incorporeal hereditaments are only at the 
election and choice of the party injured. 1859 Mitt Liderty 
v. (1865) 59/1 So ordering matters that persons shall make 
their election..on their own prompting. 1873 BrowniNnG 
Red Cott. Night-C. 120 On such a lady if-election light .. 
If henceforth ‘all the world’ she constitute For any lover, 

+b. Judicious selection ; the faculty of choosing 
with taste or nice discrimination. Odés. 

153t Exyor Gov. (1580) 76 Election is of an excellent 

wer and authoritie. .is t and as it were a member of 

rudence. 1 Bacon Coulers Good & Evil Pref., The 
discouering. .of these coulers. .cleareth mans iudgement and 
election. 1602 Fursecke Pandectes 63, I know not whether 
Quid his inuention, or Sir Phillippes election be more to be 
commended, : 

3. Theol. The exercise of God’s sovereign will in 
choosing some of His creatures in preference to 
others for blessings temporal or spiritual, es. for 
eternal salvation. Doctrine of election: the doctrine 
that God actually exercises this prerogative with 
regard to mankind; in popular language often 
identified with the (Calvinistic) doctrine of ‘uncon- 
ditional election’, z.e. election not conditioned by 
the conduct or disposition of the individual. 

1382 Wyciir Rom. ix. 11 That the purpos of God schulde 
dwelle vp the eleccioun [1526 Tinpate, election], not of 
workis, but of God clepinge. 1554-9 in Songs § Ball. (1860) 

The redemptyon and ryghte to owr fyrst electtyon. 1605 

acon Adv. Learn. 1. vi. § 7 The .. election of God went 
to the shepherd, and not to the tiller of the ground. 161 
Buse Rom, xi. 5. 1630 Donne Ser. xiii. 136 Prove thine 
Election by thy Sanctification for that is the right method. 
1645 UssHER Body Div. 91 Election. .is the everlasting pre- 
destination, or foreappointing of certain Angels and Men unto 


ELECTIONEERING. 


everlasting life. 1702 tr. Le Clerc’s Prim. Fathers 354 As 
to Election..Pelagius believed Two sorts of it; the one to 
Grace and the other to Glory. 184: Myers Cath. Th. ut. 
§ xx. 41 This process was founded upon the election and 
peculiar training of a single people. 1865 CarLyLe Fredk. 
G#. II. vu. ix. 338 The doctrine of Election..that a man’s 
good or ill conduct is foredoomed upon him by decree of God. 
1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 2 They realised life as a long 
wrestling with. .forces of grace, election, and fore-destiny. 
+b. concr. The body of the elect. Ods. rare. 

1611 Bite Rom. xi. 7 The election hath obtained it. 

+4. Astrol. The choice on astrological grounds 
of the fit time for undertaking any particular busi- 
ness; concr. a time so selected. Ods. exc. Hist. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Man Lawes T. 214 Of viage is ther noon 
eleccioun. 14.. Epiph. (Tundale’s Vis. 103) Sowght and 
chosen owt by eleccion, 162x Burton Anat, Mel. 1. ii. 1v. 
vii, What is Astrology but vain elections, predictions? 
1721 Baiey, Ldections (among Astrologers) are certain 
‘Times pitched upon as fittest for the undertaking a particu- 
lar business. _183r Lytton Godolph. xxvii, In spite of .. 
your ephemeris and your election of happy moments. 

+5. The choosing of things for special purposes ; 
spec. in Pharmacy (see quot.). Chiefly in 17th c. 

1612 Woopa.t Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Election is of 
simples according to time and season wherein they are 
gathered. 1614 Marxnam Cheap Husé. (1623) 137 Doe not 
in the election of your Egges chuse those which are mon- 
strous great. 1667 DrypEeN Ess. Dram. Poesie Dram. Wks. 
1725 I. 72 An election of apt words, and a right disposition 
of them. 1667 Primatt City § C. Builder 51 Let the builder 
make election of bricks that are, etc. 1695 WrsTMACoT 
Script. Herb. 49 In the Election of it [the herb Elaterium] 
the oldest is accounted the best. 1727-5x Campers Cycé., 
Election .. teaches how to chuse the medicinal simples, 
drugs, etc. 

+6. Arith. (See quot.) Obs. 

1721 BaiLey, E¢ection (in Numbers) is the several ways of 
taking any Number of Quantities given, without having 
respect to their places. 1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyc. s.v. 

7. Law. In AFr. phr. Election de Clerk (rarely in 
Eng. form election of clerk). 

1607 CoweL /xterpr., Election de Clerke. 1721 Baitey, 
Election de Clerk, is a writ that lyeth for the choice of a 
Clerk, assigned to take and make Bonds, called Statute 
Merchant. 1835 Tomiins Law Dict. (ed. 4) Election of 
Clerk. F 

8. attrib. and Comb., as election-address, -ale, 

-cry, -day, -monger, -vote; election-mad adj.; also 
election-committee, a committee formed to pro- 
mote the election of a particular candidate; also 
(before the Election Petitions Act of 1868) a com- 
mittee of the House of Commons appointed to 
inquire into the validity of controverted elections ; 
election-dust, the commotion of an election. 
, 1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 124 Proper for the hust- 
ings, or expedient in an *election address. ae TuckEeR 
Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 571 By his elder brother’s death he 
comes into possession of the fox hounds and the tubs of 
*election ale. 1864 Times 22 Mar. 9/6 An *election com- 
mittee must sit from day to day until they complete the 
inquiry. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. xviii, 1 doubt if the 
words [‘Pip’ and ‘ Property’) had more in them than an 
*electioncry. 1651 Narrative late Parlt.in Select. fr. Harl. 
Misc. (1793) 400 Meetings. .to agree and make choice before- 
hand..and then promote their choice against the *election- 
day. 1648 OLDHAM Poems 161 (Jod.) That vile wretch .. 
Whose works must serve the next election day For making 
squibs. 1815 Scorr Guy M. xxxvi, ‘ There’s been nae *elec- 
tion-dusts lately.’ 1768 Tucker L¢. Wat. (1852) 1. 493 Had I 
run opera-mad..or *election-mad, I might have found com- 
panions enow. 1881 Daily News 12 Feb. 6/5 This disad- 
vantage *election-mongers would seek to remedy by running 
bogus candidates. a 1743 Savace Wks. (1775) 11. 174 (Jod.), 
I have no power *election votes to gain. 

Electional (‘lekfanal),a. rare. [f. prec. + -AL.] 
Relating to (astrological) election. 

1652 GauLE Magastrom. 239 If you would know on what 
.-electional hour to enter your suit. 

Electionary (‘lekfanari),a. rare. [f. ELECTION 
+-ARY.] Pertaining to election, electoral. 

1837 Fraser's Mag. XV1. 291 The more publicly election- 
ary suffrages are given, the less chance there is of bribery. 

Electioneer (‘le:kfenie1), v.  [f. ELECTION + 
-EER, prob. after azctioneer-ing.] intr. To busy 
oneself in (political) elections. 

1789 T. Jerrerson Wit, (1859) II. 580 All the world here 
is occupied in electioneering, in choosing or being chosen. 
1802 Mar. Epcewortu Rosanna iii, Those underlings de- 
light in galloping round the country to electioneer. 

Electioneerer (‘le:kfenieraz). [f. prec. vb. + 
-ER.] One who manages elections, who uses arts or 
influence to secure the return of a candidate; one 
skilled in such arts. 

x zz Mar. Epcewortn Vivian viii, Loud-tongued 
electioneerers. 1824 Byron Yuan xvi. lxx, Lord Henry 
was a great electioneerer, Burrowing for boroughs like a 
rat or rabbit, 1865 Sat. Rev. 18 Feb. 186/2 The proverbi- 
ally sanguine temperament of electioneerers. 

Electioneeri (@lekfenierin), vl. sb. [f. 
as prec. +-ING1.] The art or practice of managing 
elections; canvassing on behalf of candidates for 
membership in representative assemblies. Also 
attrib. 

1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 315 Officers .. are to menoge their 
troops by electioneering arts. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 
472 That base business of electioneering. a 1859 MAcAULAY 
Blog (1867) 17 He busied himself in electioneering, espe- 

jally at Westminster, 1878 Back Green Past. xvi. 129 
Deeply interested in this electioneering plot. 10. 

—2 


ELECTIONEERING. 


Ele:ctionee'ring, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG*.] 
That takes an active part in elections. 

a@1845 Hoop Jal ad xliv, As yellow and blue, As 
Lah ioneering crew Wearing the colours of Whigs and 

ories. 

+ Electi‘tious, 2. Ods. rare—". [as if ad. L. 
*electicius, regularly f. élect-; see Euxct v.] Arbi- 
trarily chosen. 

1631 J. Burces Answ. Rejoined 167 Will-worship, even 
that electitius worship, which we fansie, out of our owne 
seeming and pleasure of our es. 

ive (/lektiv), a. and sb. Also 6-7 
a. Er. électif (cf. It. elettivo, Sp. electivo), 
on L. type *électivus : see Exot v. and -IVE. 

In English, as app. in Romanic, the active sense (normally 
belonging to words similarly formed) is of later origin than 


the fe sense.] 


i Commoctad with election to office or dignity. 
1. In passive sense. Of the holder of an office, 
dignity, etc.: Appointed by election. Of an 
office, etc.: Filled up by election. Of authority: 


Derived from election. 

1530-1 Act 22 Hen, VIII, c. 12 Every..baylye electif and 
elected. 1563 Foxe A. § J. (1596) 3/2 Abbasies, priories 
conuentuall, and other benefices electiue. 1614 RALEIGH 
Hist. World u. 325 It may be that those nee were elec- 
tive, as the Edumzans anciently were. 1641 Mitton Pred. 
Episc. (1851) 82 A Temporary, and elective sway. 1 
Bo incBroke Ox Parties 167 The Gothick Kings were at first 
elective, and always limited. 17 Coox Voy. (1799) I. 
78 A regent being necessary, that office, though elective, 
generally falls upon the father. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. 
(1876) I. iii. 81 The hereditary prince may be exchanged for 
an elective chief magistrate. : 

+ b. Subject to election (at specified intervals). 

1659 J. Harrincton Lawgiving 1. iv. (1700) 394 Annually 
elective of the People, as in the..Archons of Athens. 1759 
B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 11,86 He is elective every three 
years. 

2. In active sense: Having the power of electing 
officers or representatives by vote. 

1632 Star Chamb. Cases (1886) 155 At the reading of the 
said letters he had the greater number of elective voices, 
1844 Lp. BroucHam Brit, Const. iv. (1862) 61 Elective body, 
a body whose functions are confined to the choice of repre- 
sentatives, 1862 Anstep Channel /sé, 1. xxiii. 527 The 
business of the Elective States [in Guernsey] is limited to 
the election of the jurats and the sheriff. 

3. Pertaining to the election of officers or repre- 
sentatives; (of a system of government, etc.) based 
upon the principle of election. 

1642 Brivce Wound. Consc. Cured iv. 27 When the 
government is elective and pactionall, are not the Princes 
the Ministers? 1791 Mackintosu Vind. Gallice Wks. 1846 
III. 68 The elective constitution of the new clergy of France. 
1831 CartyLe Sart. Kes. (1858) 152 He appears to make 
little even of the Elective Franchise. 1862 aaivace Rom. 
rim, @ (1865) IV. xxxix. 373 A preference of the elective to 
the hereditary principle in every department of government, 

II. Pertaining to choice in general. 

#4. Pertaining to the action of choosing. Of 
actions: Proceeding from free choice, optional, 
voluntary. Ods, 

1643 Mitton Divorce Wks. 1738 I. 208 God delights not 
to make a drudge of Virtue, whose Actions must be all 
elective and unconstrained. 1656 Hoses Liberty, Necess. 
& Ch. (1841) All elective actions are free from absolute 
necessity. 1 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 4 To apply 
at last his intellectual and elective powers. 177§ JoHNSON 
Tax. no Tyr. 14 Aduty temporary, occasional, and elective. 

+ 5. Preferentially selected according to circum- 
stances. Obs. rare. 

1643 T. Goopwin Child of Light 117 There are to be pe- 
culiar elective plaisters to heale these wounds, because 
these wounds are often differing. 

+6. Proper according to astrological election: 
Obs. rare. 

1681 CuetHam Angler’s Vade-m. ix, § 21 (1689) 96 Elec: 
tive Times most propitious to Anglers. 

7. = Ecixcrio. Obs. rare. 

1681 H. More £.xf. Dan. Pref. 20 Like a Philosopher of 
the Elective Sect, addicting my self to no persons. 

8. Of physical forces and agencies; Having a 
tendency to operate on certain objects in preference 
toothers. Zilective affinity (Chem.): the tendency 
of a substance to combine with certain particular 
substances in preference to others; formerly e/ec- 
tive attraction, which is still used, but chiefly in 
a wider sense. 

1766 Phil. Trans, LVI. 100 There seems. .to have been a 
double elective attraction in the fourteenth E iment. 
1794 J Hutton Philos. Light 50 The elective affections of 

s irradiated influence. 1800 Henry EZ fit, Chem, (1808) 
18 Tables of elective affinity have been formed. 1802 Patey 
Nat. Theol. xxi. (2819) 330 It is owing to this original elec- 
tive power in the air that we can effect the separation which 
we wish. 1869 Tynpaut Light § 257 Light. .which has been 
sifted.. by elective absorption. tr. Schutsenberger’s 
Ferment. 32 Dubrunfant has given this phenomenon the 
=e of elective fermentation, 


ele: 


sf 
1 urke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 28 
mek iendisoommat iam ahaa affectis 


76 


+B. sb. An elected representative. Ods. rare. 
17ox Answ. to Black-List i, Just and Prudent Pro- 
ceedings of their Electives. 

Electively (/lektivli), adv. [f. prec. + -u¥?.] 
In an elective manner ; by choice or preference. 

1643 T. Goopwin Child of Light 105 Humours in the 
body..he can electively work upon. pe age epee 
tiles I1. tv. 137 Electively to espouse is the worst of 
evils. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. = Medicines 
that electively. 1802 Patey Nat. 7) Xviii. (1819) 
272 In the cabbage, not by chance, but studiously and elec- 
tively, she lays her eggs. 

Ele’ctiveness. xonce-word. [f. ELECTIVE a.+ 
7 The fact of (a government’s) being elective. 

1850 L. Hunt A utobiog. xi. (1860) 209 French mutability, 
and American electiveness. 

Electivity (lekti-viti). [f. Exzortve +-rry.] 
‘The property by which some substances attach 
themselves to certain anatomical tissues and not 
to others; as when carmine stains growing tissue 
and avoids formed substance, The act or pro- 
perty of selection.’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 


|| Blecto. Ods. [Sp.; pa. pple. of elegir to 
Exrcr.] A leader or commander chosen by mu- 
tineers. (Also adapted as ELzcr.) 

1609 Biste (Douay) Numd. xiv. comm., Verie mutiners 
themselves do ever choose such a one, & cal him, the Electo. 
1614 Raceicu Hist. World u. v. § 3. 175 The Israelites ., 
consulted to choose them a captain (or as they call it nowa- 
days an Electo). _ Stapy.ton Strada’s Low-C. 
Warres vu. 5 The old souldiers, after the manner of se- 
ditions, created a Generall, whom they called the Electo. 

Elector (‘lektor). Also 5-6 electour. [a. L. 
élector chooser, f. édligére to Exxct.] 

1. a. gen. One who has the right to vote in 
election to any office or dignity. b. spec. In Great 


Britain and Ireland, one legally qualified to vote | 


in the election of members of parliament ; in U.S., 
a member of the Electoral College chosen by the 
several States to elect the President and Vice- 
President. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 409 Pe electors to go toa new 
elleccioun. 1474 Caxton Chesse Ul. ii. ee b, For often 
tymes the electours and chosers can not ne wylle not accorde. 
1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 54 The Electors are the Instru- 
ments by which the Elected King or Monarch receives his 
power. 1786-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav, (1760) IV. 25 The nine 
who draw these golden balls chuse forty other electors, all 
of different families. 1789 Constit. U.S. 1. ii, The electors 
in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors 
of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. 1827 
Scotr Surg. Dau. i, A score or two of quiet electors, who 
settle the business over a table. 186r May Const. Hist. 1. 
298 The representation of this capital city [Edinburgh] .. 
was returned by thirty-three electors. 1 BANcROFT 
Footpr. Time xiii. 374 An Elector ..is one who has been 
nea to choose or elect the President of the United 

tates, 

+2. Knights Electors: the four gentlemen ap- 
pointed by the sheriff to serve as members of the 
jury, and to elect the remaining members, in the 
process of trial by ‘Grand Assize’. 

1628 Coke On Litt. 294, The foure Knights Electors of 
the grand Assise are not to be challenged. 

3. One of the Princes of Germany formerly en- 
titled to take part in the election of the Emperor. 

1529 Raste.t Pastyme E iv. b, [The Emperor] dyd asso- 
cyate with hym Maximilyan his son by the consent of the 
electours. 1591 L. Lioyp 77ifiicitie E iii. b, The seuen 
Electors hattes of Germany, py Pacem Hist. Turks 
(3638) 73 Conradus, Archbis| of Mogunsia, another of the 

lectors. 1647 CLarenvon Hist, Red. 1. (1702) I. 14 The 
Prince Electour, who had. .incurr’d the Ban of the Empire. 
17567 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) IV. 216 The elector of 

axony. 1872 Freeman Gen. Sketch xvi. § 4 Ger) 33 A 
new electorate of Hessen- was made, whose » 


as it turned out, never had any one to elect. 

Electoral (‘lektéral), a. and sd. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] 

A. adj. 1. Relating to or composed of elec- 
tors: see ELECTOR 1. 

1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 327, I only consider this 
constitution as Hauram Const. Hist. (1876) 
III, xv. 148 Control of the electoral over the representative 
body. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1. 413 Austria 
had .. friends in the electoral college. 1851 GALLENGA tr. 
Mariott?'s Italy 197 Bozzelli followed up his scheme by an 
pecs gel 1852 Graperous Glean. 1V, \xxviii. 120 Ex- 

t | fr i 


2. Holding rank as, or belonging to, a German 
Elector. 

1675 Lond. Gaz. No. 978/3 His Electoral Highness has con- 
vans the States. 1788. ie Wacroce Remin. ii. 16 George 
the first, while electoral pri had married his cousin. 
1834 Macautay Chatham, Ess. (1854) I. 301 any 
had set his heart on the Electoral dominions of his uncle. 

413. = Evecrive 1. zare. 

1849 Sir J. Srernen Eccl. Biog. (1850) 1. 88 He found 
epee? electoral by the Roman people and clergy. 
C. W. Hosxyns Essays 223 Harold was the favourite of 
the people, and their Gectorsd king. 

EN CES ee 

. 0, 2816, y- 
1693 /bid. 2893/2 The Misstoeal gave Orders to muarch ke 
1 Ibid. No. 4358/3 His .. Majesty having 


..our vss 
De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. Wks. 1, 203 The effect of 
music is to place the mind in a state of el i i 
with its own i 
or 


its prevailing 
1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet Breakf. 7. v. 151 A chance 
the elective affinities, 


lectoral of Hanover, : 
‘lity. Ods. vare—', [f. ELxcToR + 
*ALITY.] = ELECTORATE, 


« y. x 
written to the 


ELECTRIC. 


x620 tr. Accord of Ulm in Retig. Wotton, (1685) 34 The 

Electoralities, Principalities, and the Empire. 
Electorally (/lektorali). [f. Evroronat + 

-LY2.] With reference to electors or elections. 


1881 Daily News 19 May 4 France would be in some 
ee tae absorbed into Paris. 1884 Pad/ 
Mali G. 7 July 1/1 Ni is electorally more certain. 

Electorate ( ). [f ELecror + -aTe1,] 


1. a. The state or di of a German Elector. 
b. The dominions of a Rica 


Lond. Gaz. No. Imperialists have now quite 
etre er eleceseus of Coane 1721 Swirt Corr. 


ae II. 654 It was a Whiggish action to honour duke 
berg, who was.. in of that 


lectorate. 1834 Macautay Chatham, Ess. (1854) 
1. The whole electorate was in the hands of the French. 
. The whole body of electors. 
O'Connor Beaconsfield The entire urban elec- 
a of England. 1885 Sauk Resa 15 May s/t The 


ments..are such as will tell upon the new el 
“Blectoress, obs. form of ELECTRESS. 

Electorial (Zlektéerial). [f. ELecror + -1AL.] 
= ELectorat in its various senses. 

1790 Burke Fr, Rev. Wks. V. 48 Erect themselves into 
men tte Meg RB 
en i 
=e The first class of 


ties. 1829 K. Dicsy Broadst. Hon. 1. 2 
the nobility of Venice is of the electorial families. 
Electorship (‘le‘ktaifip). [f. Exxcror + 


-SHIP. 

1. The state or dignity, or the dominions, of a 
German Elector. 

ge Afphor, State in Harl. Misc, (Malh.) 111. 501 Revoke 
the eléctorship from the Duke varia. 1678 WANLEY 
Wond. Lit. World v. i. §102 The King. .of ja. .is 
proscribed and put out of his Electorship. — tr. Busch- 
ings Syst. Geog. V. 632 Neumark still to the 
electorship. - 

2. The state or condition a. of a voter; b. of a 
member of the (U. S.) Electoral College. 

1870 Daily News 16 Feb., If appearances are any test of 
electorship, there were not a score of voters them, 
187 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. 1. xii. 393 Candidate for the 


| electorship of the President. 


+ Ele‘ctory, a. Obs. rare—*. is ifad. L. *éec- 
pable of being 


torius, {. lector: see ELECTOR. 
LECTIVE I, 


1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 204 The free election of all 


senses. 
pigs Gone Anat Bata § 36 From the Electral nature 
of divers other Bodies, 1708 in Phil. Trans. XXVI. 72 
Arabec dizactell sn te Seiko: DS OS Sse 
lectral 


b. fig. 
a ida Suensron Wks.(1764) 5 oe And what electral fire 
ey solve the frosty gripe, and bid it flow? 


ber, also=sense 1: cf. ELzorron, Evgecrrum. (In 


OE, the L. word was ada; as elehtre.)] 
1, An alloy of gold and silver, bright and precious; 
also attrib, 


1382 Wycuir Esek.i. 4 Electre..a metal of gold and 
i id. bs} Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 25 
lectre, @ fowre 
gold and fift zo siluer. a 1626 Bacon Physiol. Rem. (x 
e Silver Plate or Vessel into the d 4 
johns a kind of Silver Electre. H. More Antid. Ath, 
mt. ix. (1712) 168 The Bell made of Paracelsus’s Electre. 
2. Amber; also elixir, healing gum (cf. AMBER 7). 
pet in Farr’s S. P. Elis. 1. 41.0 
1595 B. Barnes Spir. Sonn. in Farr’s S. P. Eliz. 1, 41 
ith a Ret woeste’ feamtalan of hace! ste tea 
poten Yealous Lov. wi, Sweet gumms that from Electar 
trees Distill. 
Electress (‘lektrés). Also: 7-8 electoress. 


See also Evecrrice, Exxcrrrx. [f. ELEctor + -Ess.] 
1. The wife of a German Elector of the Empire. 


1618 Barnevelt's Apol. Div, The E 
tesse Palatine. 1703 /bid. Ni 
Bavaria .. is removed .. to Ingolstad. 


James 


1869 
thi than electors, that, etc. 
lect io (lektnik), a. and sé, [ad. mod.L. 
electric-us, f. L, électr-um, Gr. HAextpov amber : 
see ELecrr-umM and -1c, The mod.L. word seems 


amber) of developing electricity when excited by 
friction acd other r means. wal ee 


UEtiarete och phlomangnagan eens o 
ween . 
13646 Sir T. econe, teeta o 1Ve Electrick 
I conceive. .such as s unto their 
objects attract all bodies palpable, 


ELECTRIC. 


b. Charged with electricity, excited to electrical 
action. /ositively or negatively electric: charged 
with positive or negative electricity. 

2. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, electricity ; 
producing, caused by, or operating by means of, 
electricity. 

Except in the phrases in b, Eecrricat is now more usual 
in this sense. In some cases the choice between the two 
adjs. is somewhat arbitrarily restricted by usage; thus we 
usually say ‘an electrical machine’, but ‘an electric bat- 


ee? Newton in Rigaud Cory. Sci. Men (1841) II. 377 The 
electric virtue of the glass. 1752 Franxuin Lett, Wks, 1840 
V. 296 From electric fire .. spirits may be kindled. 1803 
Med. Frni. 1X. 286 The electric power has efficacy suffi- 
cient to cure diseases. 1839 G. Birv Wat. Phil. Introd. 28 
The effects of chemical affinity and electric action being 
connected, 1851 CarrenTeR Man. Phys. 464 A lady..who 
was for many months in an electric state so different from 
that of surrounding bodies, that, etc. 


b. Forming phraseological comb. with sbs., as 
in electric arc, the luminous electrified space 
between the points of two electrodes through 
which a powerful electric current is passing ; 
electric atmosphere, the space round elec- 
trical bodies within which they manifest their 
special properties ; electric charge, the accumu- 
lation or condensation of electricity in a Leyden 
jar or the like; electric circuit, the passage of 
electricity from a body in one electric state to one 
in another through a conductor, also the con- 
ductor; electric conflict (see quot.); electric 
current, the flow of electricity through a con- 
ducting body from the positive to the negative 
pole, or from a high to a low potential; electric 
density or thickness, the quantity of electricity 
found at any moment on a given surface; electric 
discharge, the escape of electricity from a Leyden 
jar or similar apparatus; electric eel = Gym- 
NoTUS; ‘electric fire, used by Franklin as = 
electric fluid ; electric fishes, certain fishes that 
can give electric shocks ; electric fluid, Frank- 
lin’s term for a (supposed) subtle, imponderable, 
all-pervading fluid, the cause of electrical pheno- 
mena ; electric force, the force with which elec- 
tricity tends to move matter ; electric ray = Tor- 
PEDO; electric residue, a second charge that 
tends to arise in a discharged Leyden jar; elec- 
tric resistance, the opposition offered by a body 
to the passage of an electric current through it 
(the reverse of conductivity); electric shock, 
the effect on the animal body of a sudden dis- 
charge from a Leyden jar, etc.; electric spark, 
the luminous discharge from the conductor of an 
electrical machine to a pointed body presented to 
it; electric tension, the strain or pressure exerted 
upon a dielectric in the neighbourhood of an elec- 
trified body. 

Also in many names of instruments for develop- 
ing, measuring, illustrating, or applying elec- 
tricity, and of machines, etc. in which electricity 
serves as the motive or controlling power, as in 
electric alarm, annunciator, clock, escapement, 
furnace, fuse, governor, heater, lamp, pendulum, 
piano, railway, regulator, steam-gauge, telegraph, 
telegrapher (see these sbs.); electric balance, 
an instrument for measuring the attractive or re- 
pulsive force of electrified bodies; electric bat- 
tery (see Barrery 10); electric bridge, an 
arrangement of electrical circuits used for measuring 
the resistance of an element of the circuit; elec- 
tric candle, a form of electric-light apparatus in 
which the carbon pencils are parallel and separated 
by a layer of plaster of Paris; electric chimes, 
three bells suspended on a metal rod, rung by 
electricity ; electric column, a form of the voltaic 
pile; electric egg, an ellipsoidal glass egg, with 
metallic caps at either end, which, when exhausted 
of air, may by the action of an electrical machine 
be filled with faint violet light ; electric harpoon, 
one in which a bursting charge is exploded by elec- 
tricity; electric helix, a screw-shaped coil of 
copper wire, used in forming an electro-magnet ; 
electric indicator, indicating electro-magnetic 
currents ; electric kite, that devised by Franklin 
to attract electricity from the air; electric log, 
a ship’s log registering by electricity; electric 
machine, usu. sfec, a machine for developing fric- 
tional electricity; electric regulator, for stopping 
or starting a machine by electro-magnetic circuit ; 
electric signal, a signal conveyed by electric influ- 
ence; electric switch, a device for interrupting 
or dividing one circuit and transferring it or part 
of it to another circuit, a commutator; electric 
timeball, a large hollow globe dropped at a 
particular time by an electric circuit; electric 


77 


torch, a gas-lighter worked by electric action; 
electric wand, a baton - shaped electrophorus ; 
electric wires, those of the electric telegraph. 

1879 G. Prescott Sf. Telephone 104 A wire bearing an 
electric current seems to be for the time surrounded by an 
*electric atmosphere. did. 5 The telephone is a device for 
transmitting .. over an *electric circuit .. various kinds of 
sound, 1884 F. Britten Watch & Clockm, 100 *Electric 
clocks may be divided into three classes, 1823 J. BApcock 
Dom. Amusem. 126 A zinc plate .. was immersed in the 
liquid, and a wire united the extremities of the pile: the 
effect produced hereby, was termed the “electric conflict 
1837 Brewster Magnet. 307 The influence of *electric cur- 
rents, 1863 TyNpDALL //eat i. 19 The existence and direction 
of an electric current are shown by its action upon a freely 
suspended magnetic needle. c1790 Imison Sch. Arts I, 
The *electric fluid with which the conductor is overloaded, 
repels the electric fluid from those parts of the threads, &c. 
which are next to it. 1854 Larpner Jus. Sc. § Art IIL. 
119 The electric fluid is deposited in a latent state in un- 
limited quantity in the earth, the waters, the atmosphere. 
1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. 128 *Electric organs 
of Fishes. 1802 Patey Nat, Theol. xix. (1817) 166 Power 
of giving the *electric shock. 1839 G. Birp Wat. Phil. 230 
Electricity..will discharge itself through his arms, pro- 
ducing an electric shock. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 
105 When two in volume of this gas, and one in volume of 
oxygene, are acted upon by an “electric spark, over mer- 
cury, they inflame. 1854 Dickens Hard 7. u. vi. (C. D. 
ed.) 115 The *electric wires. .ruled a colossal strip of music- 
Pape out of the evening sky. ‘ 

. fig. Chiefly with reference to the swiftness of 
electricity, or to the thrilling effect of the electric 
shock ; also in obvious metaphorical uses of the 
phrases in 2 b. 

1793 CoLeRIDGE Songs of Pixies v, The electric flash, that 
from the melting eye Darts the fond question or the soft 
reply, 1819 L. Hunt /udicator No. 6 We..feel the electric 
virtue of his [Shakspere’s] hand. 1830 Sir J. Herscuer 
Stud. Nat. Phil. 1, ii. (1851) 29 The effect on all on board 
might well be conceived to have been electric. 1831 Car- 
LYLE Sart. Res. (1858) 175 Wait a little, till the entire 
nation is in an electric state, 1871 Patcrave Lyr. Poents 133 
Athrill of electric pain Smote through each English breast. 

4. Electric blue: a trade name for a steely- 
blue colour used for textile fabrics. 

5. Comb., as + electric-magnetic = ELECTRO-MAG- 
NETIC. 

1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 71 Ascribing to the in- 
fluence of electric magnetic causes the accuracy with which 
he succeeds in all his experiments, 

B. sé. 

1, A substance in which the electric force can be 
excited and accumulated by friction. See A. 1. 

1646 Sir T, Browne Psexd. Ef. 81 Our other discourse of 
Electricks concerneth a generall opinion touching Jet and 
Amber. 1664 Power Exp, Philos, 1. 133 The effluviums 
of an Electrick upon its retreat, pluck up Straws. 1748 
Frankiin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 211 Air is an electric Zer se. 
1832 Nat. Phil. Il. Electric iii. § 56. 14 (Usef. Knowl. 
Soc.) The essential parts of..an electrical machine .. are 
the electric, the rubber, etc. 1870 R. Fercuson Electr. 
51 The term electrics is applied to those substances which, 
when held in the hands and rubbed, become electric. 

2. Positive (negative) electrics; = electro-posi- 
tive (-negative) substances. 

1842 TurNER Chemt. (ed. 7) 130 Negative Electrics—Oxy- 
gen, Sulphur, Nitrogen .. Positive Electrics—Potassium- 
Sodium, Lithium, etc, 

Electrical (“lektrikal). [f. prec. +-a.] 

+1. = Execrric A. 1a. Ods, 

1635 N. Carrenter Geog. Del. 1. iii. 54 Electricall bodies 
drawe and attract not without rubbing and stirring vp of 
the matter first. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 86 Bodies 
electrical, whose emissions are lesse subtile. 1744 BERKELEY 
Siris § 243 The phenomena of electrical bodies, the laws 
and variations of magnetism. 

b. = Etxcrric A, 1 b. 

1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. ii. (1814) 39 When a piece 
of sealing wax. .gains the power of attracting light bodies 
.-it is said to be electrical. 1813 BaKeweLw /utrod. Geol. 
(1815) 313 The smoke and vapour of volcanoes are highly 
electrical. _c 1860 Farapay Forces Nat. v. 129 It is so elec- 
= that it will scarcely leave my hand unless to go to the 
other. 

2. (The usual modern sense.) Relating to or con- 
nected with electricity; also, of the nature of 
electricity. Sometimes used in the combinations 
mentioned under Exxcrric A. 2 b, in most of 
which, however, e/ectric is more usual ; exceptions 
are electrical machine, electrical eel. 

1747 Westey Wks. (1872) 11. 73, I went. .to see. .the Elec- 
trical experiments. 1747 Franxuin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 182 
Draw off the electrical fire. 2748 Ibid, 210 A turkey is to 
be killed for our dinner by the electrical shock. 1793 
Smeaton Edystone L. Cont. 14 No damage, except to a 

t of the Electrical Strap, 1802 Binctey Anim. Biog. 
(1813) III. 7 The electrical gymnotus or eel 1803 Edin, 
Rev. 1. 195 The electrical pile. 18rz2 Srr H. Davy Chem, 
Philos. 104 Wires for passing the electrical spark. bid. 129 
The electrical balance of Coulomb. /é/d. 169 The electrical 
column, formed of zinc, Dutch leaf, and paper. 1818 Mrs. 
Suettey Frankenst. i. (1865) 42 He constructed a small 
electrical machine, 1822 Imison Sc, §& Art I. 463 When 
many of these .. jars are connected together, it is called an 
electrical battery. 1836 Maccitirvray tr. Husmboldt’s 
Trav. xv. 196 Electrical eels. .abound in the. .confluents of 
the Orinoco. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iii. (1879) 62 Is it not 
possible that the mixture of large bodies of fresh and salt 
water may disturb the electrical equilibrium? 1851 Car- 
PENTER Man, Phys. 462 In..Electrical fishes, the electric 
organs are supplied with nerves of very great size, od. 
Are there any electrical books in the library? 


ELECTRICITY. 
3. fig. Cf. ELEcTRIO 3. 


1775, SHERIDAN Rivads u. i, The atmosphere becomes 
electrical. 1814 Scorr Wav. I. iv. 59 The electrical shock 
caused by the discovery. 1873 Lowett Among my Bhs. 
Ser. 11. 315 The leaves. .seem to thrill our fingers with. .the 
flutter of his electrical nerves. 

+4. Skilled in the science of electricity. Ods. rare. 
1757 E. Darwin in Phil. Trans. L. 240 The author, hav- 
"Ete electrical friend whose sagacity he could confide in. 

lectrically (le‘ktrikali), adv. [f. prec. + 
-Ly2,] In an electrical manner. 

1. In the manner of, by means of, or in relation 
to electricity. 

1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 307 Points of platina are 
electrically ignited. 1854 Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. 
Chem. 212 Glass and flannel have been electrically excited. 
1861 Sir W. Farrpairn Addr. Brit. Assoc., Electrically, 
india-rubber possesses high advantages. 1873 B. Stewart 
Conserv. Force iii, 67 Metallic coatings .. not electrically 
connected, 1883 Dazly News 18 Sept. 3/7 The electrically- 
lighted marquee in Carlton-road. 

2. fig. With suddenness, rapidity, or force as of 
electricity. 

(1842 Lytton Zanoni 25 The orchestra—electrically sensi- 
tive to the impression of the audience. 1865 CarLyLe /redk. 
Gt. V. xv. iii. 284 This electrically sudden operation on 
Prag. 1869 Mrs. Wuitney “Hitherto xviii. 250 Why? she 
demanded electrically, like a thunder-clap. 

+Electricalness. 0/s.—° [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The state or quality of being electrical. 

_ 1736 Baiey, Electricalness, attracting quality. Hence 
in mod. Dicts. 

+ Electrice. Ovs. [a. F. électrice, fem. of 
électeur ELECTOR.] = ELECTRESS 1, 

1695 Lond. Gaz. No. 3105/3 The Electrice of Bavaria .. 
has Miscarried. 1710 /éid. No. 4742/2 He brought with 
him a Letter from the Electrice. 

Electrician (/lek-, elektri‘fan). [f. ELecrric 
+-IAN.] One who studies, or is versed in, the 
science of electricity; one who works with elec- 
trical instruments. 

175 FRANKLIN in Phil. Trans. XLVI. xliv. 291, I have 
not heard that any of your European electricians have been 
able to..do it. 1829 E. Jesse ¥rnl. Nat. 368, I am no 
electrician, 1869 Pall Mall G. 31 Aug. 4 The electrician 
had gone to Brest to repair a fault in the French cable. 

Electricity (/lek-, elektri'siti). [f. Erecrric 
+-1TY.] 

1. In early use, the distinctive property of 
‘electric bodies’, like amber, glass, ete., ¢.¢., 
their power when excited by friction to attract 
light bodies placed near them; also, the state of 
excitation produced in such bodies by friction. 
Subsequently the name was given to the cause of 
this phenomenon and of many others which were 
discovered to be of common origin with it, e.g. the 
electric spark, lightning, the galvanic current, etc. 
Franklin considered electric phenomena to be due 
to a subtle fluid diffused through all bodies, the 
excess of which above its normal quantity con- 
stituted ‘positive electricity’, and its deficiency 
below the normal quantity ‘ negative electricity’ ; 
but he also used ‘electricity’ as a name for the 
fluid itself. Others believed ‘ positive’ and ‘nega- 
tive’ electricity to be two distinct fluids, which 
when combined neutralized each other. The now 
prevailing view is that electricity is ‘a peculiar 
condition either of the molecules of the electrified 
body or of the ether which surrounds them’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.); but the term ‘electric fluid’ 
survives in popular language, and the names 
‘positive’ and ‘negative’ electricity (also an 
inheritance from Franklin’s theory) are still re- 
tained in scientific use. 

Electricity may be developed by any means that produces 
disturbance of the molecular condition of bodies: by fric- 
tion (frictional electricity), by chemical action ( galvanic 
electricity), by heat (thermal electricity), by magnetism 
(magnetic electricity). Occasionally electricity and its re- 
lated adjs. are used in a narrower sense with reference to 
the electricity produced by friction, as distinguished from 
galvanism or from magnetic or thermal electricity. 

1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud. Ep. i. 51 Crystal will calefy 
into electricity; that is, a power to attract strawes or light 
bodies, and convert the needle freely placed. /éid. # Saltes 
..if gently warmed .. will better discover their Electrici- 
ties. 1668 Phil. Trans. III. 850 Observations about the 
Electricity of Bodies. 1736 Butter Anal. u, ii, Such 

wers in nature as magnetism and electricity. 1747 

RANKLIN Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 105 Restoring the equi- 
librium in the bottle does not at all affect the electricity in 
the man. 177° Priesttey in Phil, Trans. LX. 209 The 
difference of the two electricities. — 2794 J. Hurrton Philos. 
Light, $c. 232 Electricity..is distinctly different from both 
light and heat. x Med. Frnl. YX. 569, I began to use 
electricity, by small shocks. 1834 Mrs. SoMERVILLE Connex. 
Phys, Sc. xxviii. (1849) 310 Electricity may be called into 
activity by mechanical power, by chemical action, by heat, 
and by magnetic influence. 1837 Brewster Magnet. 273 
Feebler electricities will..produce the sheets of summer 
lightning. 1885 S. P. THompson Electr. §& Mi 9 Elec- 
tricity may either reside upon the surface of bodies as a 
charge, or flow through their substance as a current. 

b. Preceded by adjs. denoting (a.) the source 
or mode of production, as frictional, galvanic, 
induced, magnetic, thermal, vital, voltaic; (b.) the 


ELECTRICIZE. 


place of development, as animal, atmospheric, 
organic ; (¢.) the quality, as active, constant, Sree, 
negative, positive. Vitreous, resinous electricity : 
older synonyms for positive and negative elec- 
tricity, which were first observed as resulting from 
the friction of glass and of resinous bodies re- 
spectively. 

1755 FRANKLIN Let. 14 Mar. Wks. 1882 V. 341 Their nega- 
tive electricity [is] increased. 1799 E. Darwin Phytol. 310 
(T.) Two electrick fluids diffused together, and strongly at- 
tracting each other; one .. vitreous, the other resinous, 
electricity. 1832 Nat. Phil. 11. Galvan. iv. § 30. 12 (Usef. 
Knowl, Soc.) The circulation of voltaic electricity produces 
an elevation of temperature. Jéid. Electr. ii. § 49. 13 The 
body is said to be negatively electrified, or to have negative 
electricity. /éid. Positively electrified, or to have positive 
electricity. 1850 tr. Humboldt’s Cosmos 11. 189 Transitions 
of atmospheric electricity to an opposite condition. 


Vince Regis. Ponce i. Wis. VILL 210 Thay [aaben- 
lors] will become true conductors of contagion to every 
country which has had the misfortune to send them to the 
source of that electricity. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. (1858) 
175 Wait a little, till the entire nation is in an electric state 5 
tar your whole vital Electricity.,is cut into two isolated 
portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger). 
1858 Hawtuorne Fr. & /t. Frnis. 11. 24 The electricity of 
human brotherhood. ee & Lowe. Fireside Trav. 73 The 
natural electricity of youth. — ; . 

3. The branch of physical science which deals 
with the nature and phenomena of electrical ac- 
tion. 

1734 Desacutiers Course Exper. Philos. 450 Gray has 
found out several new Phenomena in Electricity. 176 
Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 1. 107 That 
new .. wonderful art of electricity, which screens their 
hotels from the thunder. 1885 S. p. Tuompson (title) Les- 
sons in Electricity and Magnetism. : 

4. Comb., as electricity-laden adj. 

1884 Century Mag. XXVII. 922 The electricity-laden 
raindrops. F ee 

Electricize (tle:ktrisoi:z). ave. [f.as prec. + 
-1zE.]_ To charge with electricity, make electric. 
= ELEcTRIFY v. I. 

1872 Fox Ozone 16 Ozone has been considered .. to be 
produced only when Oxygen is positively electricized. 

Ele‘ctric light. a. gen. Light produced by 
electrical action. b. spec. The same as applied 
to purposes of illumination. It is ordinarily pro- 
duced either by the incandescence of a filament of 
metal or carbon, or by the electric arc formed by 
the passing of electricity between two carbon 
points. Also attrib. as in electric-light appar- 
atus. 

1843 Mech. Mag. XX XIX. 352 Electric light—Substitute 
for Gas (lending of paragraph) 1849 WALKER in Cire. Sc. 
(c 1865) I. 138/2 We .. saw the electric light outshining all 
the other .. lights. a TynDALL Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) II. 
xvi. 430 The electric light was afterwards established at 
Ca Cocos 
Te. 1870 Max Miter Sc. Relig. (1873) 3 The electric 
light of Comparative Philology. 

Hence electric-lighted ff/. a., lighted by elec- 
tricity; electric lighting vé/. sd., illumination by 
the electric light; also attrid. 

1881 Daily News 3 Sept. 2/4 Beautiful electric-lighted 
clock. 1887 Whitaker's Almanack 141 advt., Electric 
lighting engineers. 

lectrico‘logy. vare. [See sacha | See quot.) 

1746 R. Turner (¢étZe) Electricology, or a Discourse upon 
Electricity. 

Ele:ctrico-me:teorolo‘gical, az. Relating to 
electrical meteorology, or to electricity and me- 
teorology. 

1787 Bennet in PAil. Trans. LXXVII. 289 An electrico- 
meteorological diary. 

Electri‘ferous, 2. Ods. [see ELxcrrum and 
-FEROUS.] Bearing or producing amber. 

1656 in Biount Glossogr, 1721-1800 in Battery. 
Electrification (/le:ktrifike'fon). [f Euxc- 
TRIFY v. after L. nouns of action in nod 
1. The action or process of electrifying ; subjec- 
tion to the electric current. 

1748 Phil. Trans. XLV. 194 An Electrification of five or 
six Hours. 1750 /bid. XLVI. 385 The Prelate was not 
cured ; and since the Electrification .. had been as he was 
before, 188: A. Macrarcane in Nature XXIV. 465 After 
a few electrifications. . particles collect to form a chain. 

2. The state or condition of a body charged 
with electricity. 

1787 Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 29 The electrification of fogs 


and rain, 1878 Gurney Cryst . 114 The electrifica- 
tions of the xed and the resin wens ite kinds. 188x 
Maxwett Electr, & Magn. 1. 32 It is the .. practice .. to 


call the vitreous electrification positive, and the resinous 
electrification negative. cos: 

Electrified (/lektrifoid), fel a. [f. Eu 
TRIFY v, + -ED.] Charged with electricity by the 
—< of an electric current. 

1751 Watson in Phil. Trans. XLVII. 203 Stream of 
electrified effluvia, 1834 Mrs. Somervit.e Connex. Phys. 
Sc. xxviii. (1849) 314 Attraction between electrified and un- 
electrified substances. 1881 Maxwett Electr. & og et I. 
32 No force, either of attraction or of repulsion, can be ob- 
served between an electrified body and a body not electrified. 

Electrifier (fle‘ktrifsi:e1). [f. next + -ER.] 
He who or that which electrifies or (/ig.) startles 
or shocks violently, 


78 


1860 Russet Diary India 1.210 There is 
one like the sound of a de; it’s a 
trifier, 

Plectrify (fe-ktrifoi). [f. ELxcrR-tc + -(1)Fy.] 

1. trans. To charge a y with electricity, or 
pass the electric current through it; to subject 
(a person) to an electric shock or current. 

1747 FRANKLIN Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 188 We electrify .. a 
book that has a double line of gold round dees covers. 
1765 WesLey Yrni. 26 Dec. (1827) ILL. 233 ing electrified 
morning and evening, my lameness mended. ¢1796 Imison 
Sch. Arts 1. 41 The be A is said to be electrified, and is 
capable of exhibiting appearances which are ascribed to the 
power of electricity. 1830 Sir J. Herscner Stud, Nat. 
Phil. ut. vi. (1851) 150 Quicksilver electrified under a con- 
ducting fluid. 1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th. Electr. 
§ Magn. 1. 76 The inside will be resinously electrified. _ 

2. fig. To startle, rouse, excite, as though with 
the shock of electricity. 

1752 Cuesterr. Left, 285 III. 308 You will not be so 
agreeably electrified ..as you were at Manheim. cr 
Burxe Addr. Brissot to Constit. (R.), Those heights 
courage which electrify an army and ensure victory. es od 
Emerson Soc. & Solit., Elog. Wks. (Bohn) III. 37 audi- 
ence is electrified. 


acer eB adc vbl. sb. [f. Etxe- 
TRIFY + -ING1.] The action or process of charging 


with electricity, or of passing the electric current 
through a body. Also attrib. 

1752 Watson in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 373 The electrifying 
machine. 1764 Westey ¥rxd. 13 July,  chrinal electrify- 


ing. 
e’ ekty in ing, ff/. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 
That electrifies. é 


1820 J. Scotr in Lond. Mag. Jan., Vivid, Perey elec- 
trifying language. 1834 Camppett Mrs. Siddons i. xiii. 
393 A manner so electrifying as to make the poor shopman 


start back. 

+Electrine, a. Ods. [ad. L. dectrinus, or 
Gr. 7A€xrpwvos : see ELECTRUM and -INE.] 

1. Resembling what exists in amber, electric. 

a 1687 H. More in Div. Dial. (1713) 560 They supposed it 
to contain an Electrine Principle in it. 

2. Made of the metal ELecrrum. 

1677 PLot Oxfordsh. 311 It was no matter in a Legacy of 
Electrine vessels, how much Silver or Electrum was in them. 

+ Electrix. Ods. [a. L. éectrix, fem. of 
élector.] = ELECTRESS 1. 

1665 Lond. Gaz. No. 11/1 The Emperor and his Mother 
.. are going into Mourning for. .the Electrix of Bavaria. 

+ Electrizable, a. Obs. [f. ELECTRIZE v. + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being electrized. 

1753 Watson in Phil. Trans, XLVIII. 205 Electrisable 

les .. were sometimes electrised under thick clouds, but 
without .. lightning, or even without rain. 

Electrization (/le:ktrizéi‘fon). [f. ELecrRize 
v.+-ATION ; so Fr, électrisation.] 

1. The process of subjecting (a person or thing) 
to the action of electricity; the state or condition 
of being subjected to electrical action. 

1752 Phil. Trans. XLVII. 403 The washing of the boy's 
feet .. immediately preceded his electrisation. 1812 Sir i. 
Davy Chem. Philos. 1. 355 Alumina cannot be decomposed 
by the electrization of mercury. 1871 Narneys Prev. § 
Cure Dis. 1. iii. 677 Persistent electrization has been 
known to cure obstinate cases, 1880 Howetts Undisc. 
Country iii. 49 Electrization of persons in the vicinity of a 
point struck by lightning. 

b. Decomposition by electro-chemical action. 

1807 Sir H. Davy in Phil. Trans, XCVIII. 38 The process 
of the electrization of ammonia. Smeg 

2. fig. The stirring of the soul mightily, as by 
electric shock. [after Fr.] 

_— Echo 9 Nov., The devée en masse, that electrisation 
of all souls. 

Electrize (‘lektraiz). Also 8 electerize. [f. 
Exorr-ic + -12E; cf. Fr. électriser.] 

trans. To charge with electricity; to subject to 
the action of electricity; = ELxcrriry. 

1746 Browninc in Phil. Trans, XLIV. 373, I was desirous 
to electrise a Tree. 1747 Franxuin Let?. Wks. 1840 V. co 
We electrize a person twenty or more times running, wil 
a touch of the finger on the wire. 1748 Lond. Mag. 255 All 
animal bodies .. being constantly electeriz’d .. by ie earth, 
1808 J. Wenster Nat. Phil. 141 The prime conductor is 
electrized with the negative. 1869 Mrs. Somervitte Molec. 
A spiral wire electrized by the great battery 


ing to rouse 
elec- 


Se. 1. 1. ii, 
..at the London Institution. 

Hence Ble-ctrized A//. a. 

1783 Watson in PAil. Trans. XLVIII. An electrised 
phial of water. 1757 E. Darwin iid. L. 252 Electrised down 


of the juncus bombycinus. 1837 Wuewett ist. /nduct. 
Se. (1857) III. 13 Decanting the water out of an i 


into another bottle. 
Electrizin: (ebteias vbl. sb, [f. Ete- 
TRIZEV. + -ING ial eaction or process of charging 


with electricity. Also attrib. 

1763 Watson in Phil. Trans. LILI, 26 The electrising has 
been discontinued. 1809 Henry idid. XCIX. 433 note, 
Transferring the .. gas .. into the electrizing tube. 

Electro (/le‘ktro), sd. and v. Used colloq. 
as an abbreviation for: a, ELECTRO-PLATE v., 
ELecrro-PLaTine vl. sb.; b. EtgcrroryPEe sé, 
and v. 

1864 Sata in Daily Ted. 14 Dec., Intrinsically base metal 
might have passed current until the electro wore off. Mod. 
They allowed him to take electros of all their ts. 
It would save expense to electro the illustrations. The 
spoons ought to be electro’d afresh. 


Celle — —— ion to on combinations 
written ) denoting processes 
sete on by electrical means, or the applica 
of electricity to particular ents of art or 
industry, as in e/ectro-blasting, -cautery, -dentistry, 
-engraving, -etching, -horticulture, -lithotrity, 
-ottatrics. Also in the following : 
Ele:ctroballi‘stic a., relating to the art of 
timing by electricity the flight of projectiles. 
Ele:ctro-bio'scopy [+ -dioscopy, f. Bio- + -scopy, 
after microscopy, etc.], the examination of an animal 
body by means of a galvanic current, to discover 
muscular contractions as evidence of life. Ble:ctro- 
ca‘pillary a., having reference to the influence of 
electricity on capillary tubes under certain condi- 
tions. Ele:ctro-che’mic, -che’mical ad/s., per- 
taining to electricity and chemistry jointly. Ble:e- 
tro-chemistry, the science of the application of 
electricity to chemistry. EBle:ctro-chro‘nograph, 
an instrument for electrically recording exact in- 
stants of time. Ele‘ctro-coa‘ting v//. sd., the 
process of coating a body over with metal by the 
galvanic battery. Ele:ctro-co‘pper, iron coated 
with copper by means of the galvanic battery. 
Ele:ctro-depo'sit v., to deposit (a coating of 
metal, etc.) by means of electricity: hence Ble:e- 
tro-depo'sit, -deposi'tion, the process of de- 
positing by electricity; Ele:ctro-depo'sitor, one ~ 
who conducts this process. Ele-ctro-diagno'sis, 
the application of electricity to purposes of medical 
diagnosis. Ele:ctro-ergo‘meter, an instrument 
for measuring the work done by an electric machine. 
Ele:ctro-fu'sion, the fusion of metals by means 
of the electric current. Ele:ctro-galva'nic a., 
pertaining to the galvanic form of electricity; 
also, pertaining to electricity as including galvan- 
ism, Ele:ctro-ge’nesis [see GENESIS], the state 
of tetanoid spasm that supervenes in the muscles 
highly stimulated by galvanism, when the current 
is withdrawn: so Ele:ctroge’nic a. [see -GENIC], 
pertaining to electrogenesis. Ele:ctro-gi'ld v., 
to gild by means of an electric current: hence 
electro-gi‘lding vbl. sb., electro-gilt. ppl. adj. 
Ele:ctro-kine'tic a. [see Kivevic], having re- 
ference to electricity in motion. Ele:ctro-ma‘s- 
sage, kneading the body or a limb with a com- 
bined roller and small galvanic machine. Ele‘e- 
tro-me-dical a., pertaining to the application 
of galvanism to medical purposes, Ble:ctro- 
meta‘llurgy, the application of electrolysis to 
the deposition of thin coatings from metallic so- 
lutions: hence e/e:ctro-metallurgic, -metallu‘rgical 
adjs. Ble:ctro-mu‘scular a., having reference to 
the mutual influence of the electric current and 
muscular rege meee eee Pm 
pertaining to, or producing, negative electricity. 
Ele‘ctro-nervous d., pa to the affinity be- 
tween electric and nervous action. Electro- — 
o‘ptics the science of the relations between — 
electricity and — Ele:ctro-patho'logy, the — 
science of morbi revealed 


paring the intensity of lights by referring them 
to the standard of the electric spark. Ble:ctro- 
poi‘on [f. Gr. -moiy, neut. of -roids that makes], 


a name for Bunsen’s carbon battery. Ble:etro- 
polar a., an epithet applied to the condition of ; 
a cylindrical conductor when, on being electrified - 


by induction, the ends become gore an pole 
po'sitive a., pertaining to, or ucing, posi- — 
tive electricity. Ble:ctro-pro‘cess = clectrolyping — 

process,  lectropuncture = GALVANOPUNC- 
TURE.  Ble:ctro-pyro‘meter = electric PyYRo- 
METER. Jle:ctro-si‘lver v. = ELECTROPLATE. 
Ele:ctrosynthe'tic @., causing chemical com- 
by means of the galvanic current: — 
ence Ele:ctrosynthe'tically adv. Electro- — 
techno‘logy, the science of the application of — 
electricity to the arts. Ele-ctro-te‘legraphica., — 
pertaining to Blectro-telegraphy = electric — 


ment 0 by electricity, Blectrothe'rapy — 
[+ -therapy, ad. Gr. Oepameia = electro- — 
therapeutics, Ble:ctro-the'rmancy , DIATHER> 


ELECTRO-BIOLOGY. 


MANCY], and Ele‘ctrothe:rmy [as if ad, Gr. 

-Oeppia, f. Oepuds hot], the science of the electricity 
developed by heat. Ele‘ctroti:nt (cf. AquaTinT], 
a mode of engraving, the design being drawn on 
copper-plate and transferred by means of an elec- 
tric bath. Ele:ctro-vi'tal a., having reference to 
the connexion of electricity and the vital actions : 
hence Ele:ctro-vi'talism. 

1879 G. Prescott Sf. Telephone 287 Lipmann’s *electro- 
cap! electrometer, Avy in Phil, Trans. XCVIII. 
2 Application of the powers of *electro-chemical analysis. 
cx J. Wytve in Circ. Sc. 1. 193/2 Laws of .. electro- 
chemical decomposition. 188x Maxwett Electr. §& Magn. 
I. 330 The quantities of these ions being *electrochemically 
equivalent. 1829 Nat. Philos. 11. Electr. i. § 2. 1 (Usef. 
Knowl. Soc.) *Electro-Chemistry .. one of the connecting 
branches between remote divisions of the Philosophy of 
Nature. 1878 Newcoms Pop. Astron. u. ii. 157 The *electro- 
chronograph on which his laps are recorded. c 1865 G. 
Gore in C7rc, Sc. I. 239/2 *Electro-coating with zinc. 1852 
Jousert in Frnl. Soc. Arts 26 Nov., One *electro-copper 
plate has yielded more than 12,000 impressions. 1864 
Reader 5 Oct. 483/3 For *electro-deposit a large series of 
Ppeniting cells is required. 1882 Nature XXV. 360 An 
*electro-deposited coating. c 1865 G. Gore in Cire. Sc. I. 
239/2 Coating metals .. by “electro-deposition. /did. 215/2 
Some “*electro-depositors use vats..of wrought iron. 1881 
C. W. Siemens in Nature XXIII. 353 *Electro-fusion of.. 
iron or platinum. 1858 O. W. Hotmes Aut. Breakf. T. 
(1865) 14 Men of letters .. will not disturb the popular fallacy 
respecting this or that *electro-gilded celebrity. 1871 tr. 
Schellen's Spectr. Anal. § 28, 98 Delicate steel parts..have 
been *electro-gilt. cx1865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. I. 227/2 
Liquid .. for..*electro-gilding. 1880 in Mature XXI. 457 
The expense of *electro-horticulture depends mainly upon 
the cost of mechanical ene: 1881 Maxwe i Electr. & 
Magn. 1. 207 The *Electrokinetic Energy of the system. 
1854 ScorFERN in Orr's Circ, Sc. Chem. 117 Covering it 
with a thin layer of gold by the *electrometallurgic pro- 
cess. ¢1865 J. WyLpE in Circ. Sc. 1. 302/1 *Electro-metal- 
lurgical processes require certain temperatures. 1840 SMEE 
(title) lecients of *Electro-metallurgy. 1846 Joyce Sc. 
Dialog. iii. Electr. 412 The whole art of electro-metallurgy 
.. consists in making a good selection of solutions, 1879 
Du Moncet Telephone 11 The *electro-musical telephones. 
bs Hoimes Surg. (ed. 2) IV. _ A peculiar pain, which is 
called *electro-muscular sensibility. 1810 Henry Elem. 
Chem. (1826) 1. 202 Bodies .. attracted by positively elec- 
trified surfaces, and repelled by negative ones .. may be 
termed .. *electro-negative bodies, 188x Maxweti E/ectr. 
& Magn. 1. 343 The Anion, or the electronegative com- 
ponent. 1843 Cais Clinical Med, xxi. 429 The *electro- 
nervous theory received a great accession of probability. 
188r W. Sportiswoope in Nature XXV. 118 The.. pro- 
spects of *electro-physiology. 1870 F. Pope Electr. Ted. i. 
(1872) 17 This modification of the Grove battery is some- 
times called the *Electropoion battery. 1850 DauBEeny 
Atom. The. vii. (ed. 2) 205 Chlorine, an electro-negative 
body, takes the place of hydrogen, an *electro-positive 
one. 1883 Chamb. Frni. x Dec. 765/1 Tin is ., electro- 

sitive to iron. c1865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. I. 233/2 

‘aking copies .. by the *electro-process. 187r Homes 
Surg. (ed. 2) V. 528 *Electro-puncture is nothing more 
than the application of a galvanic current to the tissues in- 
cluded between two acupuncture needles. 1 : Grove 
Contrib. Sc. in Corr. Phys. Forces (1874) 273 *Electro-syn- 
thetic absorption of nitrogen. .Capable of *electro-syntheti- 
cally combining. 1885 Pal/ Mail G. 18 June 11/2 The 
recent developments of a electricity and *electro- 
technology. 1843 Chamb. ¥rni. XII. 128 Communications 
may be transmitted with *electro-telegraphic speed. c 1865 
J. Wyvve in Circ. Sc, 1. 258/2 The voltaic battery in *elec- 
tro-telegraphy. 1887 J. Butter (¢é¢/e) Text-book of *Electro- 

‘herapeutics, etc. 1881 Mature XXIV. 351 A new and 
effective method of treating disease—*electrotherapy. 1842 
J. Sampson (¢ét/e) *Electro-tint, or the Art of making 
paintings in such a manner that copper Plates and ‘ Blocks’ 
can be taken from them by Voltaic Electricity. 1843 
Graves Clinical Med. xxi, 432 *Electro-vital or neuro- 
electric currents. 

Electro-biology (“e:ktro,bai,g'l5dzi). [f prec. 
+ BIoLoey. 

1. The branch of electricity which deals with the 
electrical phenomena of living beings ; = electro- 
physiology (see ELECTRO-), 

1849 Smee (¢7¢/e) Elements of Electro-biology. 88x in 
Nature XXIV. 39 (The first number of L’Evectricien con- 
tains] an interesting article on electrobiology. 

2. The name given about 1845 to a form of 
‘animal magnetism’ or hypnotism, in which un- 
consciousness was induced by causing the patient 
to gaze steadily at a small bright object. 

Originally the object used was a isc of zinc and copper, 
the galvanic action of which was supposed to be concerned 
in producing the result; hence perhaps the name, which 
however was employed by some writers as a synonym for 
‘animal magnetism’ in general, with reference to its 
imagined relation to vital electricity. 

18g0 W. Grecory Anim. Magn. 74 All the phenomena 
of the conscious state in. .electro biology. .can be produced 
.. by the older mesmeric or magnetic methods. 1874 
Carpenter Ment. Phys. 1. xiv. (1879) 550 Who style 
themselves ‘professors’ of a new art which they termed 
Electro-Biology. 

Hence Ele:ctrobiolo'gical a. [see -ICAL], re- 
lating to electrobiology. Ble:ctrobio‘logist [see 
-I8T], a practiser of electrobiology. 

1849 Macautay ¥rn/. 13 May, I fought a mesmeric and 
electro-biological battle. 1856 R. VauGHAN Mystics (1860) 
Il, 109 The real combat was one of spirit against spirit 

.. what would now be called electro-biological. 1860 
Jearrreson Bk. about Doctors 11. 38 Electro-biologists, 
Spirit-rappers, and table-turners. 1862 Lytton St». Story 
II, 220 This sage anticipated our modern electro-biologists. 


79 


Electrode (‘le‘ktrdud). 
in Anopk), ad. Gr. dds way.] One of the poles 
of a galvanic battery. See ANODE and CATHODE. 

1834 Farapay Res. Electr. (1839) § 662 In place of the 
term pole I propose. .#/ectrode, and I mean thereby that 
surface .. which bounds the extent of the decompos- 
ing matter in the direction of the electric current. 1850 
Dauseny Atom, The. vii. (ed. 2) 207 The same wire, if 
made the positive electrode of the pavanie battery, is not 
acted upon by the acid. 1878 Hux.ey Physiogr. 102 This 
plate forms one of the electrodes or entrances by which 
the electricity reaches the liquid (otherwise called the 


Ln : F : 

Electro amic (‘le:ktro,dainemik), a. [f. 
Execrro- + Dyyamic; cf. hydrodynamic.] Per- 
taining to the force excited by one magnetic 
current upon another. Hence Ele:ctrodyna-mical 
a., in samesense. Ele:ctrodyna‘mics, the dyna- 
mics of electricity; the science of the mutual 
influence of electric currents. Ele:ctrody‘namism 
[see DynamisM] = electrodynamics. Ele:ctro- 
dynamometer [see DYNAMOMETER], an instru- 
ment for measuring electrodynamic force. 

1832 Nat. Phil. 11. Electro-Maguet xii. § 291. 90 (Usef. 
Knowl. Soc.) An electro-dynamic ring. 188r Sir W. 
Armstronc in Nature No. 619. 451 Electrodynamic ma- 
chine, 1830 Sir J. Herscuer Stud. Nat. Phil. 324 Theory 
.. developed by M. Ampere, under the name of Electro- 
dynamics. 1870 R. Fercuson Electr, 171 Electrodynamics 
treats of the mutual attractions and repulsions of currents 
on currents, and currents on magnets. 1876 Catal. Sci. 
App. S. Kens. 200 Hlectro-dynamometer, for measuring 
electric currents which are constantly being reversed in 
direction, - 

Electrograph (/le‘ktrograf). [f. ELectro- + 
Gr. -ypaos that writes. ] 

fu. ean quot.) Ods. 

1840 Spencer Multipl. Wks. of Art by Electr, Pref. 8 
The instruments themselves [for producing electrotypes] 
should be called ‘ electrographs’. ; 

2. An instrument for registering electrical con- 
ditions; the automatic record of an electrometer. 

1881 G. M. Wuirrte in Nature XXIII. 349 This want of 
accordance between the electrograph and magnetographs 
was, etc. 

Hence Electrogra‘phic a. 

1868 Lossinc Hudson 191 From his study he has electro- 
graphic communication with all parts of the United States. 

lectrography (7-, elektrp:grafi). [f. as prec. 
+ Gr. -ypapia writing.] The process of copying 
an engraving on an electro-copper plate. 

1840 SPENCER Mutip~l. Wks. of Art by Electr. Pref. 8 
The whole art of applying electricity to the production of 
such works of art should be termed ‘electrography’. ; 

Electrolier (‘lektrélie1). [f Execrro-, with 
ending arbitrarily adopted from chandelier; cf. 
gaselier.] A cluster of electric lamps. 

1882 Standard 27 Mar. 5 Gigantic gilt-brass electrolier. 
1884 Health Exhib. Catal. p. \xii/1 One large Metal 
Electrolier. 

Electrology (7-, elektrglgazi). [f. Exzcrro- + 
-LoGy.] The science of electricity. Hence Blec- 
trolo'gic, -ical, adjs. 

Electrolysis (Zlek-, elektrg'lisis). [f. Exxc- 
TRO- + Gr. Avows unbinding ; after ANALYSIS. ] 

1. Chemical decomposition by galvanic action. 

1839-47 Topp Cycl. Anat. I1].720/1 The organ generates 
electricity .. and can effect electrolysis. 1873 H. Spencer 
Stud. Sociol. ix, 224 The great contributions of Faraday— 
magneto-electricity, the quantitative law of electrolysis. 

b. as the name of a branch of science. 

1870 R, Fercuson £lectr. 161 Electrolysis is generally 
understood to treat of the changes effected in a substance 
subjected to, but not giving rise to, the current. 

2. Surgery. The breaking up of tumours, also of 
calculi, by electric agency. 

1867 Atruaus in Brit, Med. Journ. 11 May, Tumours.. 
treated by electrolysis, 1871 Sir T, Watson Princ. Med. 
(ed. 5) Il. 634 Dr. Hilton Fagge .. [has] treated light cases 
of hydatid disease of the Liver by electrolysis. 

Electrolyte (flektréleit)._ [f, Exzcrro- + Gr. 
Avrds loosed, f. Avew to loose.] ‘A body which 
can be, or is being decomposed by ELECTROLYSIS’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1834 Farapay Res. Electr. (1839) § 664 Many bodies are 
decomposed directly by the electric current, .. these I pro- 
pose to call electrolytes. 1842 W. Grove Corr. Phys. 
Forces (1874) 143, All liquids capable of being decom- 
~_ y the voltaic electrical force, thence called Electro- 
ytes. 1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th. Electr. & 
Magn. 1.231 The same constituent which in one electrolyte 
becomes an anion, may in another electrolyte become a 
cation. 

Hence Ele:ctrolytic a. [see -10], pertaining to, 
or capable of, electrolysis. Ele:ctroly'tical a. 
= prec. Ele:ctroly'tically adv., by means of 
electrolysis. 

1834 Farapay Res. Electr. (1839) § 664 The term elec- 
trolytical will be understood at once. Muriatic acid 
is electrolytical, boracic acid is not.. 1842 W. Grove 
Corr. Phys. Forces (1874) 153 Electrolytic power of water, 
186x Miter in Circ. Sc, I. 167/2 Decomposition . . by elec- 
trolytic action. 1872 Conen Dzs. Throat 208 The improve- 
ment began with the institution of the electrolytic treat- 
ment. 1843 W. Grove Contrié. Sc. in Corr. Phys. Forces 
(1874) 279. Completion of the circuit and the electrolytical 
action are synchronous. 187. Chamb. Encycl. sv. Gal- 
vanism, Gold..can be deposited electrolytically. 


[f. as prec. +-ode (as [ 


ELECTRON. 


Electrolyze (/lektréloiz), v. [f. prec., after 
analogy of analyze, etc.] trans. a. To decom- 
pose by electrical means, b. To break up (a 
tumour, calculus) by means of galvanism. 

1834 Farapay Res. Electr. (1839) § 665 Chloride of lead 
.. when electrolyzed evolves the two ions, chlorine and 
lead. 188r S. P. THomrson in Proc. Soc. Arts 24 Dec. 454 
Electrolysing water with small platinum points. 

Hence Ele:ctroly‘zable a. [see -ABLE], capable 
of being electrolyzed. Ele:ctrolyza'tion [see 
-ATION], the process of electrolyzing. Elec- 
troly:zed Z//. a., decomposed by galvanic ac- 
tion. 

1834 Farapay Res. Electr. § 664 For electro-chemically 
decomposed I shall often use the term electrolyzed. 18 
Duurine Dis. Skin 95 Electrolyzation is of value in the 
treatment of .. tumors. 1881 Athenzum 12 Nov. 635/1 
The electrolyzed liquid is sulphuric acid. 

Electro-magnet (/le:ktro,megnét). [f. Exc- 
TRO- +Maanet.] <A piece of soft iron surrounded 
by a coil of wire, through which a current of 
electricity may be passed, rendering the iron tem- 
porarily magnetic. 

1831 Amer. Frnl. Sci. XX. 201 Account ofa large Electro- 
magnet. 1832 W. Sturceon in Phil. Mag. XI. 194 On 
Electro-magnets. c 1865 J. WyLpeE in Circ. Se. I. 250/2 A 
horse-shoe electro-magnet. 1879 G. Prescotr Sf. Telephone 
Introd. 2 The first simple electromagnet was made by 
Sturgeon [of Manchester]. A 

Hence Ele:ctro-magne'tic, -magne‘tical ad/s., 
pertaining to electro-magnetism. Ele:ctro-mag- 
ne‘tically adv., by means of electro-magnetism. 
Ele:ctro-magne‘tics, the science of electro-mag- 
netism, Ele:ctro-ma‘gnetism, the phenomena 
of the production of magnetism by the electric 
current ; also, the influence of a magnet on the 
electric current. 

1823 J. Bapcock Dow. Amusem, 126 The electro-magnetic 
influence always increased with the number of the plates. 
1879 G. Prescott Sf. Telephone Introd. 2 An electro- 
magnetic telegraph. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusent. 
126 Electro-magnetical effects, 188x Sir W. THomson in 
Nature XXIV. 435 To transmit electro-magnetically 
the work of waterfalls. 1828 Ff, Watkins (¢7¢/e) Popular 
Sketches of Electro-Magnetism. 1830 Sir J. HerscHeL 
Stud. Nat. Phil. 94 Oérsted’s great discovery of electro- 
magnetism. 1879 G. Prescotr Sf. Telephone 5 Repro- 
ducing tones by electro-magnetism. 

Electrometer (/Ick-, elektrgm/taz).  [f. 
Execrro-+Merer.] An instrument for ascertain- 
ing the quality and quantity of electricity in an 
electrified body. 

1749 Gentl. Mag. 352 A_true and exact electrometer. 
1766 Lane in PhiZ, Trans. LVII. 451 An instrument which 
I have contrived for this purpose may not improperly 
be called an electrometer. 1787 A. Younc in Glasg. Weekly 
Her, (1883) 7 July 2/7 An electrometer—a small, fine pith 
ball. 18xz Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 128 The electro- 
meter. .consists of two gold leaves attached to a metal-plate. 
1881 Maxwett Liectr. § Magn. 1.300. re 

Hence Ele:ctrome'‘tric, -ical, adjs., pertaining 
to electrometry. Electro‘metry, the measure- 
ment of electricity by the electrometer. 


Electromotion (‘le:ktroméwfan).  [f. ExEc- 
tTRo-+Morion.] The motion of a galvanic cur- 
rent. Also, in recent use, mechanical motion 
produced by electrical means. 

1803 Edin. Rev. 111.195 The ingenious hypothesis of Volta 
concerning electro-motion. 1806 Davy in Phil. Trans, 
XCVII. 46 There is no exhibition. .of electromotion. 

Electromotive (‘le:ktroymou'tiv), a. and sd. 
[f. as prec. + Morive a.] 

A. adj. Pertaining to electromotion. Electro- 
motive force: originally, the force exhibited in 
the voltaic battery ; in mod. use, the difference of 
potential which is the cause of electric cur- 
rents. 

1806 Davy in Phil. Trans. XCVII. 46 Permanent electro- 
motive power. 1810 Henry lene. Chem. (1826) I. 187 
Zinc and copper plates .. by their electromotive power. 
1833 N. Arnotr Physics u. (1865) 624 The electrical 
excitement, called also the electromotive force, | produced 
in voltaic arrangements. 1878 Foster Phys. 1. il. § 2. 49 
The electromotive force of the sciatic nerve of a frog. 1882 
Mincuin Unifl. Kinemat. 220 The sum of the sudden 
changes of potential, A;+A2..is called the Electromotive 
Force between 4 and B. ; : 

B. sb. [after Zocomotive.] A locomotive engine 
of which the motive power is electricity. 

1887 Engineer 29 July 95, The electro-motive consists of 
an angle iron frame supporting three platforms. ; 

Electromotor (‘le:ktro,;ma«'tar), sd. (adj.) [f. 
Execrro- + Moror.] ’ 

A. sb. Originally, a metal serving as a voltaic 
element. In mod. use, a machine for applying 
electricity as a motive power. B. attrib. or adj. 
= ELECTROMOTIVE, as in electromotor force. 

1827 Farapay Chem. Manip. xxiii. 570 Plate or sheet 
zinc is a powerful electromotor. 1879 G. Prescotr Sf. 
Telephone 260 During this year (1855).. Henry M. Paine 
was then trying to construct a successful electromotor. 
1881 Maxwett Zlectr. & Magn. 1. 452 No current will 
flow through the electromotor. 

|| Electron (‘le‘ktrgn). [a. Gr. #Ae«rpov : see 
ExxorruM.] = ELECTRUM 2. 


ELECTRONOME. 

1856 Grote Greece u. xeviii. XII. 659 Precious metals 
(gold, silver, and ag a ee Ps W. Jones Finger-ring L. 
459 Mediaeval ring . electron, or gold much al- 
To with silver. 

nome deeds [f. Exxzcrno- ; 

cf. A at aman ely: ELECTROMETER. 
ectropathy (7-, elektrg'papi). [f. Enzcrro-, 
in imitation of homecopath hy ; cf. hydropathy.] The 


treatment of disease by electrical remedies. Hence 
Electropa‘thic a., pertaining to electropathy. 

1882 Society 11 Nov. 24/1 Electropathic socks. 

Ele‘ctrophore. Anglicized form of next, 
which is more freq. used. 

1778 Incennousz in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 1045, I will 
now explain the nature of an electrophore. 1860 Ad } 
Round No. 69. 451 The ball is repulsed . -according to the 
size of the electrophore or the lightness of the ball. 

Electrophorus (lek-, elektrpfords). [mod. 
Lat. f. Etecrro- + Gr. -pépos that bears or pro- 
duces. Cf. It. elettroforo, Fr. électrophore, and 
prec.] A simple instrument, invented by Volta, 
for generating statical electricity by induction. 

t Incennousz On Electrophorus in Phil. Trans. 
L x III. 1027 To explain how far the electrophorus per- 
ed may be accounted for on the..theory of Dr. Frank- 
in. 1782 tr. Volta ibid. LXII. App. vii, My electrophorus 

. is a machine well known to electricians. 1880 Gent/. 
Mag. Dec. 751 A cat’s skin. .is an admirable rubber for an 
electrophorus. 

Electro-plate (fle‘ktropleit), v. [f. ELecrro- 
+PLatE.] trans. To coat with silver by elec- 
trolysis. Hence, Ele‘ctro-pla:‘ter, one who 
electroplates. Ele-ctro-pla:ting vd/. sd. 

1870 Eng. Mech. 25 Feb. 590/1, I electro-plated many 
articles. c 1865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. 1. 215/1 The kind 
chiefly in use by electro-platers, is the German or Liége 
Zinc. 1865 Reader 23 Sept. 351/1 Elkington founded the 
first establishment in this country, for carrying out the 
processes of electro-plating. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 
I. 93 The electro-plating process began at Birmingham. 

ectro-plate (/le‘ktrople't), sé. [f. prec. vb.] 
The ware produced by electro-plating. 

1866 J. Martineau £ss. I. 30 Our breakfast. table displays 
our electro-plate. 1868 Hotme Lee &. God/rey xxviil. 149 
This is an age of stucco and electroplate. 

Ele:ctro-psycho'logy. [f. E:xcrro- + Psy- 
CHOLOGY. ] proposed name for ‘animal mag- 
netism’ or ‘ electro-biology’. 

1850 W. Grecory Anim. Magn. 73 Electro- psychology 
and other similar names in which .. the theory that elec- 
tricity is identical with the vital force is kept in view. 

Electroscope (/lektroskdup).  [f. ELectro- 
+ Gr. -oxémos looker.] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the presence of electricity, and its quality 
if present. Hence Ele:ctrosco'pic a. [see -ICc], 
measured by the electroscope. 

1824 Mech. Mag. No. 66. 150 The aerial mapootegee a is 
an instrument for determining the electric state of t 
atmosphere. — R. Fercuson Electr. 53 A gold leaf 
electroscope. 1881 Maxwett Electr. & Magn. 1, 300 In- 
struments by means of which the existence of electric 
charges .. may be indicated, but which are not capable of 
affording numerical measures, are called Electroscopes. 
1842 ‘TURNER Chem. (ed. 7) 85 Several simple electroscopic 
methods. 1879 G, Prescott Sp. Telephone 285 The electro- 
scopic delicacy of the telephone. 

lectrostatic (/le:ktrostetik), a. [f. ELEc- 
TRo- + Static; cf. Aydrostatic.] Pertaining to 
statical electricity. Hence Ele:ctrosta‘tical a., 
of same meaning. Ele-ctrosta‘tically adv. 
Electrostatics, the science dealing with statical 
electricity. 

1867 Sir W. THomson in Athenaum No. 2084. 428 Self- 
acting electro-static accumulator. 1885 Athenaum 3 Jan. 
21/2 The action of the air felt in front of an electrostatic 
machine in action. 1882 Mincuin Unifi. Kinemat. 248 
An electrostatical distribution. 1881 Maxwett £iéectr. 
& Magn. 1. 453 The .. electromotive force of an electro- 
motor may be measured . . electrostatically by means of 
the electrometer, 1885 Watson & Bursury Math, Th. 
Electr, & Magn. 1. 208 The .. two-fluid theory of elec- 
tricity in its application to Electrostatics. 

6° Fieger bs mins (7lek-, elektrg" ténds). [mod. 
Lat., f. Execrro- + Gr. révos tension : see ONE. ] 
The modified condition of a motor nerve under 
the influence of a constant galvanic current. Also 
in anglicized form Ele’ctrotone. 

1860 New Syd. Soc. Yr. Bk. 52, Title, Contributions to 
the Ln pest of Electrotone. 1878 Foster Phys. 1. ii. 
2.59 The nerve, both between and beyond the electrodes, 
is .. in a peculiar condition known as ‘ electrotonus 

So Ele:etrotoynic a. [see -10], relating ‘to or 
characterized by electrotonus; also (in Faraday’s 
use), the epithet of the peculiar electrical state 
characteristic of a secondary circuit in the electro- 
magnetic field. Ble: —— city [see -1Ty], the 
condition produced electrotonizing. Blec- 
tro‘tonize v. [see “un, to produce electrotonus. 
Electro'tonizing w/, 

1832 Farapay Kes. pote § 60, 1... have ventured to 
designate it as the Electro-tonic state. A. Fut 
Nerv. Syst. iii. 116 The electrotonic condition, 188 Max- 
wet “lectr. & Magn. 11. 174 The Electrotonic State. 

(Zle*ktrotaip). [f. Enzorro- + 
Typx.] 


1. A model or copy of a thing formed by the 


| tals, containing 25 p.c. of silver. 


80 


deposition of copper on a mould by galvanic 
action ; also attrid. 
Flee oer mt 1x Apr., 324 We pees eint from Mr. 
what he calls an elect! 1857 WHEWELL 
lie pong = (ed. at gs 537 "He Blectratype Process 
is now one of which manufacturin 
employs. Phy tog Trades vor gorge om 


igh toe 
bse yg of electroty yping. 
Mag. te ae XXXIII. 224 (heading of para- 
om the E in America. 1842 Proc. Amer. 


Phil, Soc. U1. ~ Treatise on the El yp he 
W. Harris Electr. 190 The useful arts .. namely, 
metall , electrotype, etc. 

Ele’ , v [f. prec. sb.] trans. To 
copy in electrotype. Also fig. 

1847 Lavy G. Futterton Grantley M. I. viii. 273 We are 
only electrotyped. 1858 O. W. Hotmes Aut. Breakf. T. 
xi. 105 Electrotyped .. in, the medallions that hang round 
the walls of your memory’s chamber. 

Hence Ele’ctroty:per [see -ER]. Ele‘ctroty:pist 

see -IST]. Ele‘ctroty:ping vd/. sb. 

1870 Pall Mall G. 2 Sept. 4 Engravers and electrotypers. 
mt Ibid. 7 May 8/2 The firm are type-founders, stereo- 

typers, and electrotypers. 1845 H. Dirks in Athenaeum 11 

42 Copying for the electrotypist. c1865 in Circ. Sc. 

234/1 Advantages of electrotyping over stereotyping. 
ectrum (/lektrim). [a. L. éectrum, ad. 
Gr. #AexTpoy, in same senses. See also ELEcTRE.] 
+1. Amber. Ods. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. cxxi. (1495) 683 Of the 
pyne appyll tree cometh oak mg and woosynge whyche 
is made harde. .and soo tornyth in to —- stone that 
hyghte Electrum. 1602 Metamorph. Tobacco (Collier) 17 
Eridanus his I'd Electrum gaue. 1794 SuLLivan View 
Nat. IL. 58 ese fishes .. are unable to attract, or to repel 
the lightest substances, which even the electrum can affect. 

+b. Jig. of tears. Obs, 

aa GrEENE Maidens Dreame v. 4 It was her masters 
death That drew electrum from her weeping eyes. 

2. a. An alloy of silver and gold (of pale yellow 
colour) in use among the ancients; = ELECTRE 1. 
Also attrib. b. Min. Native argentiferous gold 
containing from 20 to 50 per cent of silver. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. 


trum is a metall. 


se 


-it shyneth more clere than gold or syluer. 
1555 Even Decades W. Ind. 1. 1v. (Arb.) 83 marg. note, 

lectrum is a metall naturally mixt of one portion of golde 
& an other of siluer. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 798 The Ancient 
Electrum had in it a fifth of Silver to the era. 1674 Ear 
Sanpwicu tr. Barba’s Art Metals (1740) 72 Electrum . 
which is a natural mixture of Gold and Silver. 
Min, (1880) 5 A mass of electrum. .consisting of large crys- 
1876 Humpnreys Coin 
Coll. Man. xvi. 186 The coins of Lydia were frequently 
of electrum. 

3. An alloy of copper, zinc, and nickel. 

1875 Ure Dict, Arts u. 252 A base metal in modern use 
has received the name of electrum. It is an alloy of copper, 
zinc, and tin, with sometimes nickel. 

+ Electua‘rious, a. Ods. rare. In 6 elec- 
tuarius. [f. ELecruary + -ous.] Of the nature 
of an electuary ; wholesome, beneficial. 

1562 Buttern Bk. Compounds 17 b, This oile is electuarius 
to the teeth. 

Electuary (fektisari). Forms: 6 electuarye, 
-ie, (Sc. electuar), 8 electary, 4- electuary. See 
also Lecruary. fad. late L. éectuarium, électa- 
rium (5th c.), perh, a corrupt derivative of the 
synonymous Gr. éxAerdy, f. éeArelxewv to lick out.] 

1. A medicinal conserve or paste, consisting of 
a powder or other ingredient mixed with honey, 
preserve, or syrup of some kind. 

1398 | Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vit. xxxv. (1 *) 250 The 
Etyk is holpe.. by an electuary that hight Wlecteeriom 

tris. 1527 ANDREW tr. Brunswyke's ae Waters Aj, 

ith waters dy(stylJlyd, all *maner of ..electuaryes be 


myxced, 1 Compl. Scot. xvii. (1872) 145 Spicis..for to 
mak exquisit electuars. 1636 F RATLY Clavis Myst. xii. 148 
Man to the of a soveraigne El 


«34 The antiscorbutic 
Disease. 1791 Boswet. 
2 > Moe ‘then an el with honey 


pEaemscod, act. Ph IL. 
ve igoket a 
1 

Electary.is very ef 3 


and treacle. 1 ANE Grinnell Exp, xxxvi. (1856) eet 
Raw potato and saur-kraut, with molasses into a 
damnable electuary. 


Sg 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de y i330) 85 Electu 
serue them from spirytuall diseases. 1641 1 ey Ch. 
— I (2852) 139 Some eye-brightning elect of know- 
mie and a 1878 EMERSON bares Ethics Wks. 
n) III. = nnocence is a wonderful electuary for 
purging the eyes. 
| 2. ? Confused with e/ectar, ELEcTRE 1 and 2. 
of I, BEeLLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) 1. Introd. 52 Ane maner 
tuar .. hewit like pas and sa attractive of nature, 
that it drawis stra. Penxetuman Artach, D, This 
weight serveth to weigh .. Gold, Silver, Pearles, and other 
precious things, as Electuaries and Amber, 
|| Eledone (el/déu: * [mod.L., a. Gr, dAcddvn 
a kind of polypus.] A cephalopod of the tribe 
Octopoda. 
1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 528/2 In the .. Eledone the 
suckers are soft and u 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca 
(1856) 35 The ededone makes twenty ions 


. XVI. XXXVii. (1495) 565 Elec- | 


1868 Daxa | 


| the cause sh 


| classes. 


ELEGANCE. 


next. Cf. OF. elemosinaire, which may be the 
immediate source.] = ALMONER. 

. Ch. 
ey ie Great his Master, was 


—- held to be Ci Great his 
1663 SpaLpinc 7roud, Chas. I 


(a nate eta of M made lord Elymosinar. 
Cae. Rocers Soc, Life Scoll. Vii. 53 Other ofidials were 
the carver, the cupbearer, the eleemosynai 


eemosynary (elijmpsinari), @. and s%. 
Also 7-8 elemo-, e' , -‘8in-, -sn-, -sunary. 


[ad. med.L. ne f. cleemosyna: see 
ALMs.] . adj. ; 


1. Of or pertaining to alms or almsgiving; 
charitable. Z. ry House, Corporation, 
one established for the distribution of alms, etc. 

¢1630 Rispon Surv. Devon § 293 (1810) 302 These her 
eleemosinary acts .. are almost vanished. Kennett 
Par, Antig. ix. 659 The Elemosinary House or Hospital for 
the e of two Capell 1702 in Lond. Gaz. 
No, 3812/1 Divers Persons to whom El Protec- 
80 The blind cleem 1827 HaLtam c— at ae (x A3.} 
80 leemosynary spirit inculcat 
church is notoriously the cause .. of a H. 
Staunton Grt. ‘Schools Eng. Dulwich 502 [portions] 
are assigned to the Educational and one to the Eleemo- 
synary branch. 

2. Dependent on or supported by alms, 

1654 G. Gopparp in Burton Diary (1828) I. Introd. 65 
If we be a mere elemosynary Parliament we are bound to 
ro his drudgery. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. m. xxxii. 

G73y) 264 Is not the whole World the Alms-house of God- 

ghty .. [in] which he had a right ..to place us his 
eleemosynary ures? 1707 J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's 
Com. Wks. (1709) 353 There is a sort of Spunging, elemosi- 
nary Travellers, 1860 HawtHorne Maré, Faun (1879) I. vi. 

hrew forth. .food, for the flock of eleemosynary doves. 

. Of the nature of alms ; given or done as an 
act of crags gratuitous. 

a 1620 Jer. Dyke Se/. Serm. (1640) 348 God will not have 
the Mies = the Word eleemos: , to be matter of 
meere almes. Boswett Johnson (1 31) 46 An eleemo- 
See supply ‘i shoes. 1849 C. Brontié Shirley 11. v. 121 

—— relief never yet tranquillized the working 
I. Taytor Logic in Theol. 246 We have 
sy ie io. .with eleemosynary. education. 

. Law. Given in ‘free alms’. See ALMOIGNE. 

Le F. Puitirrs Reg. Necess. 440 Baronies .. given in 
Frank Almoigne and as Elemosinary. 

+B. sb. Obs. 


1. One who lives upon alms ; oe ae Also > Ag. 
1643 Sir T. Browne _—_ Med, 141 

direct . their petitions on ope 
1665 Gtaxv ILL — Sci. xviii. 112 = 
Id be an for its 
its effect. 1673 H. ton Vind. Dutch War Yo Rar. 3 3 
The Parliamentarians were their Eleemosynaries. 

2. = ALMONER. rare. 

5 hasan sh Glossogr., Eleemosynary, an almoner, or one 
Frances rey in in Puriirs. 1809 Bawnwen Domres- 
day Bk. 458 ia Rober? the Priest had one carucate of land of 
the King’s Eleemosinary. 

3. = = Auwonny [ad. ‘med.L. elezmosynarium). 


{In} the or 
i= UL, 43/1 ple Ane 


| 


Eleemosynaries .. 
lected persons, 


Eleemosinary .. [are] 4 Yeomen. 1775 in 

Hence Eleemo'synarily adv. ., In an eleemosynary 
manner; charitably, by way of charity. 

+ Eleemo’ synate, v. Ols.—° [f. L. eleémo- 
syna, Gr. éAenpootyn + -ATE.] intr. To give alms. 

1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1775 in Asn. 

+ Eleemo’ , a. Obs. rare—'. In 6 
elemosinus, [f. as prec. + -0US.] Compassionate, 
merciful. 


¢1590 Buret ond Pass. Paine Poems (1596) P ija, 
Ane pepill .. na ways 

|| Bleeson (el\7"spn). eee [A use of Gr. 
éAénaov ‘have mercy !’] = Kyriz ELerson. 

1822 W. L. Bown ts Pistion Mam XII. 72, I hear far 
off Faint eleesons swell. 

, bad form of ILLEGAL, 

1647 16 Quares to Projete Ded. 2 These Quzeres will — 
proove fatall to We'll). “te, Fr. a rm? ee aa L 
Blogance (e’ a. Fr. dégance, ; 
lega: up wee see Eveear,] The 


elegant. 
fulness of adornment, refined luxury, etc. See 


ELEGANT I, 2, 3. {ft ee ae 
1797 Bewick mio _ Birds (1847) 1. In 7 ‘ 
tad pent 1807 CRaBBE 


discoverable in : 
Par.R. rapped Arete she dressed. aro 


ect. Drawing iv. ney I take to 


fin 
which constitute an essential ae 
ns. Forrester Roy § Viola 1. 1 Now else in 
world could you see such a display of luxury and elegance. _ 
2. Of spoken or written compositions, literary — 
pik etc. : Tasteful correctness, harmonious sim- — 


, in the choice and arrangement of words. 


“EGANT 4. 
10 Barctay Mirr. Good Mann. (1570) G. vj, In eligance 


Pe eee and e. ASHE Pref. Greene's Me 
aie r0 Sir Eo, cognac G4 soma 


when resting quietly in a basis ¢ of water, BELL tr. 
os Creed Anat. 327 The modified end of the arm 
ledone and Octopus. 


“t E:leemo 
elymosinar. [ad. 


ae Obs. exc. Hist. Also 7 
L. eleémosynarius: see 


which I al mean precision and 
= nea m1, 402 The 


ELEGANCY. 


3. a. Of scientific processes, demonstrations, in- 
ventions, etc.: ‘ Neatness’, ingenious simplicity, 
convenience, and effectiveness; so of a prescription, 
etc. See Enecant 5. b. Roman Law: transl. L. 
elegantia juris: see quot. 1864. 

1756 P. Browne Yamaica 285, 1 doubt not but they might 

used, with as much elegance, in emulsions. 18xz Woop- 
HOUSE Astron, xi. 84 This formula, undoubtedly of great 
elegance, probably was not derived by a direct mathema- 
tical process. 1864 Maine Anc. Law iv. (1876) 79 To this 
sense of simplicity and harmony. .significantly termed ‘ ele- 
gance’..the Roman jurisconsults. .surrendered themselves. 

4. +a. Correctness of taste: cf. ELucant 6. Ods. 

1660 Stantey //ist. Philos. (1701) 116/1 Elian argued the 
Elegance of the Person, in choosing such things as were fair. 

b. Of manners, etc. : Refined aby riety. 

1816 Miss Austen Zmmat. xvi. 114 With all the gentle- 
ness of his address, true elegance was sometimes wanting. 

5. concr. Something which is elegant; a par- 
ticular instance or kind of elegance. 

1676 Evetyn Diary (1827) II. 417 A nice contriver of all 
elegances. 1779 Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 126 He has 
left in his Homer a treasure of poetical elegances to pos- 
terity. 1824-9 Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) 88 What your 
father and grandfather used as an elegance in conversation 
is now abandoned to the populace. 1837 J. H. NEwMAN 
Par. Serm, (ed. 3) 1. xxvi. 396 The measure of this world’s 
elegances. 1863 Emerson 7hoveaun Wks. (Bohn) III. 337 
He had many elegances of his own. 

Elegancy (e'léginsi). [ad. L. degdntia: see 
-ANCY.] = ELEGANCE in its various senses. 

1. = ELEGANCE I. rare in mod. use. 

1ss2_ Hutoet, Elegancye, elegantia. 1622 PErAcHAM 
Compl. Gent. xii. (1634) 107 Most of them venerable for their 
antiquitie and elegancy. 1674 Grew Anat. Plants 1. § 15 
31 Two general advantages to the Leaves, os ape? and 
Security. 174z RicHarpson Pamela (1824) I, 218 An 
elegancy ran through .. persons as well as furniture. 1 
A. Catcort Deluge 407 Neither do the fossil reliquiz. .yield 
in elegancy..to the medalic insignatures. 1838 Emerson 
Milton Wks. (Bohn) roel gos He threw himself, the flower 
of elegancy, on the side of the reeking conventicle. | 

b. humorously, in a form of address or title. 

1824 SoutHey Ze?é. (1856) III. 435 Your Elegancy will be 
looking for some news. 

+2. Of language and style ;=ELEGANCE 2. Obs, 

153t Eryor Gov. (1834) 38 The elegancy of poets. 1572 
J. Jones Bathes of Bath 1. 1b, Tullie cheefe of all latyne 
elegancy. 1665 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 162 Some judg- 
ment might be made concerning the elegancy of the style. 
1746 CuesterF. Lett. I. cv. 288 The purity, and the elegancy 
of his language. R 7 . ; 

3. concr. Something which is elegant; an in- 
stance or a kind of elegance ; = ELEGANCE 5. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xxxiv. 547 They count Greek 
phrases for an elegancie, 1673 DrypEN Marr. a la Mode 
1v. ii. 305 Instruct your wife’s woman in these elegancies. 
1746-7 Hervey Medit, § Contempi. (1818) 157 Art never 
attempts to equal their incomparable elegancies. 1823 Lams 
Elia Ser. 1. xxii. (1865) 170 Palates not uninstructed in 
dietetical elegancies. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm. 41 We must 
.. have this or that elegancy .. according to our condition 
of life. 

Elegant (eligint), cz. Forms: 5 ilesant, 6 
eligant, -aunt, elygant, 6- elegant. [a. F. 
élégant, ad, L. élegant-em, usually regarded as pr. 
pple. of *é/egare (f. *2/eg-us adj.), related to éligtre 
to select. 

The etymological sense is thus ‘choosing carefully or skil- 
fully.’ In early Lat. edegans was a term of reproach, ‘ dainty, 
fastidious, foppish’, but in classical times it expressed the 
notions of pa ta luxury, graceful propriety, which are re- 
produced in the mod. Eng. use.] “ . 

1, Tastefully ornate in attire; sometimes in un- 
favourable sense: Dainty, foppish. 

¢ 1485 Digby Myst.(1882) 111. 505, I woll, or even, be shavyn, 
for to seme 3yng.. that yt me Ilezant and lusty in 
lykyng. 1509 BarcLay Ship of Fooles (1570) 113 It is. .not 
for man to be so elegant, To such toyes wanton women may 
encline. 1552 Hutoet, Elegant person, philocalus. 1621 
Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. vii, A woman if she see her 
neighbour more neat or elegant ..is enraged. 180r Mar. 
Epceworti Good Fr. Gov, (1832) 124 She is the elegantest 
dresser about town. 1882 tr. Challamet Hist. Fashion 
in France i, An elegant town lady would .. adorn herself 
with a mantle that half covered her. 

2. Characterized by refined grace of form (usu- 
ally as the result of art or culture); tastefully 
ornamental. Of physical movements: Graceful, 


free from awkwardness. 

W. Burton /tin., Anton. 117 The Sixth Legion. . left 
behind them here a remembrance .. yet to be seen, in large 
and elegant Characters, 1 Ray Corr. (1848) 138 The 
Polypodium plumosum is an elegant plant, 1760 Gotpsm. 
Cit. W. xiv. (1837) 53 Nothing is truly elegant but what 
unites use with beauty. 1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry 
(1840) II. 272 A most splendid and eleg: ipt on 
vellum. 1809 RoLanp Fencing 1 7 The passing of the sword 
to the left side..has..a more. .elegant appearance, 

+b. Of stature: in 16th c. with sense ‘tall’. 
1513 Doucias 4£xeis vit. xiv. 10 Turnus. . Enarmit walkis 
s Woh corps of statur eligant [ Jrastant7]. 1450-1530 Mirr. 
Our Ladye 7 That the sayd blessyd virgyne Katheryn be- 
cause she was of an Eligant stature wold gather them of the 


sayd grapes. : - ! 
3. Of modes of life, dwellings and their appoint- 

ments, etc. : Characterized by refined luxury. 
@1x687 Petty Pol. Avith. ii. (1691) 38 Beautifying the 

Country. .by elegant Dyet, Apparel, Furniture. 1806 Gazet- 

teer Scotl. 141 Dumfries-shire contains many elegant seats. 

1822 ¥ oar Confess. (1862) 137 What he considered a 

OL. . 


8] 


really elegant dinner. 1835 Sir J. Ross N.-West Pass. v. 
An elegant repast of venison. 1859 W. Coxtins Q. of 
Hearts (1873) 2 He felt languid pulses in elegant bedrooms. 

4. Of composition, literary style, etc.; also of 
words or phrases: Characterized by grace and 
refinement ; ‘ pleasing by minuter beauties’ (J.). 

Formerly used somewhat vaguely as a term of praise for 
literary style; from 18th c. it has tended more and more to 
exclude any notion of intensity or grandeur, and, when 
applied to compositions in which these qualities might be 
looked for, has a depreciatory sense. 

1528 More Heresyes 1. Wks. (1557) 174/2 The bokes neither 
lesse eligaunt nor lesse true. 1529 RAsTELL Pastyme, Hist. 
Brit, (1811) 292 In a longe oracyon .. with elygant wordes. 
5 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemp. m1. xiv. 51 A most elegant 
and perswasive parable. 1672-5 Comber Comp, Temple 
(1702) 23 Arnobius, an African, writ his elegant books 
against the Gentiles. 1756 J. Warton Ess. Pope (1782) I. 
vi. 302 Addison has inserted..an elegant character of this 
poetess. 179x Burke Corr. (1844) III. 207, I thank you, too, 
for the elegant poem. 1841-4 Emerson £ss. xx. Wks. 
(Bohn) I. 250 Pope’s Odyssey .. is.. correct and elegant. 
1876 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. V. xxv. 545 The love of hard 
words, of words which are thought to sound learned or 
elegant, that is .. which are not thoroughly understood. 

b. Of a speaker or author: Characterized by 
refinement and polish of style. (Formerly in 
wider use: see above.) 

1641 MiLtTon Animadv. (1851) Py They did no more then 
the elegantest Authors among the Greeks. 1672-5 CoMBER 
Comp. Temple (1702) 44 The learned volumes of this Elegant 
Father [Chrysostom]. 1887 Spectator 6 Aug. 1057/2 Rogers 
belongs to the elegant order of poets. : 

Of scientific processes, contrivances, etc.: 
‘Neat’, pleasing by ingenious simplicity and 
effectiveness. 

1668 Cutreprrr & Cote Barthol. Anat. ww. ix. 166 An 
elegant Workmanship of Nature. 1803 Med. Frul. X. 336 
Profound discoveries and elegant improvements in every 
branch of medical science. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom. A musem. 
198 An elegant cement may also be made from rice-flour. 
1844-57 G. Birp Urin, Deposits 146 An elegant mode of 
showing the composition of the deposit. J/od. An elegant 
chess problem. An elegant method of solving equations. 

b. Of medicinal preparations : see quot. 

1710 T, Futter Pharm. Extemp. 127 It [the Electuary] 
is an elegant Composition for atroublesome..Cough. 1788 
V. Knox Winter Even. I. vi. 67 The physicians call a medi- 
cine which contains efficient ingredients in a small volume, 
and of a pleasant or tolerable taste, an elegant medicine. 
1868 Royte & Heaptanp Mat. Medica (ed, 5) 172 This 
elegant chalybeate has been long in use. : 

6. Of persons: Correct and delicate in taste. 
Now only in the phrase elegant scholar, which is 
influenced in meaning by 7. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 1018 Thou art exact of taste, And 
elegant. 1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1840) I, Diss. 
i. 19 A very.. elegant enquirer into the genius .. of the 
northern nations. 1788 V. Knox Winter Even. II. ii. 118 
An elegant spectator of the vegetable world. 1856 Emerson 
Eng. Traits xiv. Wks. (Bohn) II. 109 Mr. Hallam, a learned 
and elegant scholar. ' 

b. Refined in manners and habits (formerly 
also, in feeling). 

1712 STEELE Sect. No. 49 p 2 An utter Stranger to the 
-. Delicacies that attend the Passion..in elegant Minds. 
1797 Mrs. RapcuirFe /talian i. (1824) 533 Her features .. 
expressed the tranquillity of an elegant mind. 1841-4 
Emerson £ss, xvi. Wks. (Bohn) I. 209 A sainted soul is 
always elegant. 1866 Gro. Exior /, Holt (1868) 26 Such a 
stock of ideas may be made to tell in elegant society. 

7. Of pursuits, studies (formerly also, of senti- 

ments): Graceful, polite, appropriate to persons 
of refinement and cultivated taste. Zlegant arts: 
those pertaining to the adornment of life ; nearly 
=‘ fine arts’. 
; = Pore To Yung. Lady 4 Trifles themselves are elegant 
in him, 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 466 ? 7 Every thing in 
Nature that can pretend to give elegant Delight. 1752 
Home Ess. § Treat. (1777) 1. 7 The ardours of a youthful 
appetite become an elegant passion. 1 Pgs Yay Ae 
Shenstone Wks. IV. 215 Eminent for English poetry, and 
elegant literature. 182x Craic Lect. Drawing i. x A high 
state of the elegant arts. .is indicative of great advancement 
in civilization. 

q 8. Vulgarly used for ‘ excellent, first-rate’; in 
humorous literature sometimes as an ‘Irishism’ 
with spelling z/igant. 

1848 Bartiett Dict. Amer., Elegant for excellent applied 
to articles of food and drink, is very common : as tepint 
water, elegant beef, elegant butter. 1888 Cornhill Mag. 
Sep. 277 An’ it looked an iligant counthry an’ all in a 
glimmerin’ green, 

ome, 

x Hannan More Coelebs I. 38 (Jod.) Sir John is a 
qanable elegant-minded man. a aes J 

Hence Evleganti:ze v. ‘rans. [see -1ZE], to 
make elegant. E‘leganti:sh a. [see -1sH], rather 
elegant. 

1798 Lams Lett, to Southey iv. 35 You might. . elegantise 
this supersedeas. 1830 Fraser’s Mag. I. 368 What criti. 
cisms..have been put forth. .in that elegantish. . periodical ! 


+Elegantel, Odés. [ce alegant, var. of ALl- 
canTE.] Some kind o 


dried fruit; ? Alicante 
raisins. 


1579 in Rogers Agric. §& Pr. III. 543 Elegantes $c 14/3. 

|| Elegante 2 (elegant). [Fr. é/gante, fem. of 
élégant, ELEGANT a.] A fashionable lady. - 

1806 Mar. Epcewortu Leonora (1832) 32 Would you 
know the fashionable dress of a Parisian élégante? 1814 
Scorr Wav. i, The elegantes of Queen Anne Street East. 


ELEGIST. 


Elegantly (e'ligintli), adv. [f. Evecant + 
-Ly2,] In an elegant manner; see senses of the 
adj. Also in comb. with adjs. 

1552 Hutort, Zlegantlye, eleganter, rotunde. 1571 Gotp- 
ING Calvin on Ps. lix. 17. 228 Hee elegantly putteth the 
doubtfull speeche in a diverse mening. 1728 Younc Love 
Fame vi. (757) 146 She’s elegantly pain’d from morn till 
night. 17: ANwAay Trav. (1762) Il. 1. x. 54 Many hol- 
landers .. live elegantly. 1783 Lp. Hames Axtig. Chr. 
CA, vi. 178 note, The latter pat of the passage in Lampri- 
dius is elegantly paraphrased. 1858 W. Evuis Vis. Mada- 
gascar viil. 212 A number of elegantly-bound volumes lay 
on the table. 1879 O. W. Hotmes Mof/ey ii. 14 Elegantly 
brutal onslaughts. 

Elegiac (el/dgai-%k), a. and sd. Also 6 eli- 
giack. [ad. L. e/egiac-ws, ad. Gr. édeyerands, f. 
édeyelov ELEGY. ] 

A. adj. 

1. Prosody. Appropriate to elegies. sec. Usually 
applied to the metre so called in Greek and Latin, 
which consists of a (dactylic) hexameter and pen- 
tameter, forming the e/egiac distich. Sometimes 
the term elegzac verse has been applied to the 


pentameter of the couplet separately. 

I Wesse Lng. Poetrie (Arb.) 86 The most vsuall kindes 
i verse] are foure, the Heroic, Elegiac, Iambick, and 

yric. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1246 A chronicler 
Penning the historie of these affaires in elegiack verses. 1741 

Watts lmprov. Mind (1801) 62 He has turned the same 
psalms ..into elegiac verse. 1779 Jounnson L. P., Ham- 
mond Wks. 111. 240 Why Hammond or other writers have 
thought the quatrain of ten syllables elegiac, it is difficult 
to tell. 1846 Grote Greece (1862) I. xx. 503 The iambic 
and elegiac metres..do not reach up to the year 700 B.c. 
1873 Symonps Grk. Poets i, 15 The pathetic melody of the 
Elegiac metre. 

2. Of the nature of an elegy; pertaining to 
elegies ; hence, mournful, melancholy, plaintive ; 
also (rarely) of a person, melancholy, pensive. 

I Butwer Chiron. 20 An ingenious friend .. in his 
Elegiack knell. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) 11. 18 He .. Might 
sweetly mourn in Elegiac verse. 1752 Gray Wks. (1825) II. 
169 Mr. Lyttleton is a gentle elegiac person. c 1800 K. 
White Rem. (1837) 383 Its elegiac delicacy and queri- 
monious plaintiveness, 1808 Scott MJarm. m1. Introd., 
Hast thou no elegiac verse For Brunswick’s venerable 
hearse? 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur, Leigh 1. 994 Elegiac 
griefs, and songs of love. 

3. LElegiac poet: one who writes a, in elegiac 
metre ; b. in a mournful or pensive strain. 

1581 Sipney De/. Poesie (Arb.) 28 ‘The most notable [de- 
nominations of poets] bee the Heroicke, Tragicke..Iambic, 
Elegiacke. Some of these being termed .. by the sortes of 
verses they liked best to write in. 1589 Purrennam Lng. 
Poeste 1. xi. (Arb.) 40. 1855 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Lit. x. 
(1878) 319 It is the theme of the elegiac poet, to show the 
virtues of sorrow. 1888 Sfectator 30 June 875/2 Matthew 
Arnold. .the greatest elegiac poet of our generation. 

B. sd. ta. An elegiac poet (0ds.). b. pl. 
Elegiac verses (sense A. 1). 

1581 SipNEY Def. Poesie (1622) 515 The lamenting Ele- 
giacke .. who bewayleth .. the weakenesse of mankinde. 
1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1840) 11. 508 His Latin 
afenecs are pure. 1886 F. H. DoyLe Reminiscences 30, 
I soon acquired ease .. in rattling over my elegiacs. 

Hence as combining form Elegi-aco-. 

1832 CarLyLe in Fraser's Mag. V. 255 We named Rous- 
seau’s Confessions an elegiaco-didactic Poem. 
ra hat Sraeeeee a. [f. prec. +-AL.] 
+1. Of metre: = Exxcrac 1. Obs. 

1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. viii. 17a, Of 
Meters there bee..that hath their name .. of the nomber of 
the fete, as Exameter and Pentameter which is also called 
Elegiacal. 1583 STanynurst Poems (Arb.) 125 The heroical 
and the elegiacal enterlaced one with the oother. : 

2. Of the nature of an elegy, pertaining to elegies. 


arch. Cf. ELEGIAC 2. 

1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon. 769 An Elegiacall or sor- 
rowfull Epitaph. 1640 T. Carew Poems Wks. (1824) 92 An 
elegiacall letter upon the death of the king of Sweden. 
1846 Lanpor Exam. Shaks. Wks. 11. 294 Study this higher 
elegiacal strain. 

Elegiambic (e:ldgaizmbik), a. [f. L. edegia 
+Iamprc.] Of a metre: Consisting of half an 
elegiac pentameter, followed by an iambic dimeter. 

1721-1800 Baitey Elegiambick Verse. 

legiast. vave—}. [f. Evecy, after the ana- 
logy of ecclesiast, etc.] A writer of elegies. 

1766 Gotpsmitu Vic. W. xvii. 47 These Elegiasts..are in 
despair for griefs that give the sensible part of mankind very 
little ain. 

+Blegic, a. Ods-—°  [f. Exrey + -10.] = 
ELEGIAC, 

In some modern Dicts. 

E:legio-'grapher. rare—°. [f. Exzay, on the 
analogy of diographer.] A writer of elegies. 

1623 in CockeraM. 1656 in Brount Glossogr. 1721-61 
in BAmtey., 1864 in WEBSTER; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Ele‘gious, 2. Obs. rare. [f. Eveay +-ous.] 
Resembling an elegy; hence, lugubrious, melan- 
choly, mournful. 

1632 Quarters Div. Fancies wv. x, Th’affrighted heav’ns 
sent down elegious Thunder. 1635 — Zydd, v. i. (1818) 259 
If your elegious breath should hap to rouse A happy tear. 

Elegist (el/dzist). [f Etrey+-1st.] The 
writer of an elegy. 

1774 Warton Eng. Poetry (1840) I. 95 Our elegist, and the 
chroniclers, impute the crime .. to the advice of the king 
of France. 1 

1 


ELEGIT. 


Elegit (/lidgit). Law. [f. L. dégit ‘he has 
chosen’, 3rd pers. sing. t tense of éligére to 
choose; see quot. 1809.] A writ of execution, 
by which a itor is put in possession of (formerly 
half) the goods and lands of a debtor, until his 
claim is satisfied. 

1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 36 § 1 To sue execucion .. 
write or tes of it 1632 Star Chamb. Cases 888) 
124 He e forth an it for the rest of the Judgment. 
1796 J. Anstey Pleaders G. (1803) 70 Quare clausum fregit 

ay breed a monster called Elegit. 1809 Tomuins Law. 

Dict., Elegit from the words in the writ, elegit sibi liberari, 
because the plaintiff hath chosen this writ of execution. 
1876 Dicsy Real Prop. v.§ fi 247 The writ .. has ever since 
the Statute of Westminster II been called the writ of elegit. 

b. The right secured by this writ. 

1715 M. Davies Ath. Brit. 1. 309 As for Tenancy of 
Elegit, Statute-merchant and Staple, etc. 1809 Tomiixs 
Law Dict. sv., The creditor .. during that term .. is tenant 
by elegit. z 

Elegize (e'ldzaiz), v. [f. Evecy + -12£.] 

1. intr. a. To write an elegy ; also const. ufon ; 
b. To write in a mournful strain. 

1702 C. Marner Magn. Chr. 1.1. iii. (1852) 313 His death 
gave the same gentleman occasion thus to elegize upon him. 
1754 H. Wavrote Lett, I. 329(D.), I .. should have elegized 
on for a page or two farther. 1886 Edin. Rev. July 155 
Propertius and Tibullus elegised. 

2. trans. To write an elegy upon. 

1809 Byron Eng. Bards 266 The bard who soars to elegise 
an ass. a1845 Hoop Poems (1846) I1. 66 Whose late, last 
voice must elegise the whole. 1858 CarLyte Fredk, Gt. II. 
x, ii. 590 He or Adrienne Lecouvreur, the Actress, 

Elegug, var. of Exicua. 

Elegy (el/dzi). [ad. Fr. éégze, ad. L. elegia, 
ad. Gr. éAeyela, f. €Aeyos a mournful poem.] 

1. A song of lamentation, esp. a funeral song or 
lament for the dead. 

1514 Barcray Cyt. & Uplondyshm. Introd. 69, I tell mine 
elegy. 1594 Drayton /dea 749 My Lives complaint in dole- 
full Elegies. 1649 Jer. Tavtor Gt. Exemp.1. ix. 140 The 
Church’s song is most of it Elegy. 1750 Gray Elegy xxi, 
Their name, their years .. The place of fame and elegy 
supply. 1762 Gotpsm. Nash 180 The public papers were 
filled with elegies. — (¢#t/e) Elegy of a Mad Dog. 1812 
Scorr Rokeby v. xvii, Thy strings mine elegy shall thrill, 
My Harp alone. 1871 R. Exuis Catudlus lxv. 12 Death's 
dark elegy. ; : beats 

2. Vaguely used in wider sense, app. originally 
including all the species of poetry for which Gr. 
and Lat. poets adopted the elegiac metre. See 
also quots. 1755 and 1833. 

1600 Suaks. A. ¥. LZ. m1. ii. 379 There is a man .. hangs 
.. Elegies on brambles .. defying the name of Rosalinde. 
1716-8 Lapy M. W. Montacue Lett. I. xxxiv. 120 A subject 
affording many poetical turns .. in an heroic elegy. 1755 
Jounson, Elegy, a short poem without points or turns. 
41763 SHENSTONE Wks. §& Lett. (1768) I. 17 They gave the 
name of elegy to their pleasantries as well as lamentations. 
1833 Coteripce JZadle-7. 23 Oct., Elegy .. may treat of 
any subject, but..of no subject for itself ..always and 
exclusively with reference to the poet. 1859 Kincstey Burns 
Misc. I. 379 The poet descends from the . . dramatic domain 
of song, into the subjective and reflective one of elegy. 

3. a. Poetry, or a poem, written in elegiac metre. 
+ b. [after Gr. éAeyevov] An elegiac distich (ods.). 

1589 PuTTENHAM Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 64 Long lamentation 
in Elegie. 1794 T. Tavtor Pausanias’ Greece 11. 369 An 
elegy on one of these bases .. signifies that the statue .. 
was that of Philopemen. 1839 THirtwatt Greece I1. 126 
‘The elegy, which [Mimnermus] adopted as the organ of his 
voluptuous melancholy .. had. been invented by another 
fonian poet, Callinus. 1862 MerivaLe Rom, Emp. (1871) 
V. xli. 124 Ovid was the successor in elegy of Propertius 
and Tibullus. . 7 

Elekte, obs. variant of ELxcr. 

+ Elelendish, a. Os. Forms: 1 elelendise, 
2 -is, helelendis, (helendis). [OE. ¢/e/gndisc, f. 
gle-land (see EILLAND) + -isc, -I8H.] Of another 
land, foreign. 

a x000 Lamb. Ps, xxxviiilix]. 13 (Bosw.) Elelendisc ic eom 
mid de. cxx7g Lamb, Hom. 81 Nu k 5 pes helendi: 


82 


were believed to be: Earth, water, air, and fire. 
ees eg in 9. a exc, Hist. 7” 

> pre-scientific chemistry supposed 
‘elements’ were variously enumerated, the usual 
axed bang ern ae ae. ry pe 
eae eh eniilee ante” aed sartk, So be eek tee. 


* ict. Art & Sc. Il. s.v. Element [enumerate 
Water, Aeon Sal 


it, Earth). 

ec. In modern chemistry applied to those sub- 
stances (ofwhich more than seventy are now known) 
which have hitherto resisted analysis, and which 

are provisionally supposed to be simple bodies. 
ae Str_H. Davy Agric. Chem. i. (1814) 8 Bodies .. not 
capable of being d pounded are idered ..as ele- 
og HE, Dom. Econ. 1. 111 Sugar is com- 


ments. 1 
posed of three elements, carbon, hy and oxygen. 
1842 Eusasom Ess. Hist. Wks (Boho) Ley Fifty or eat 


chemical elements. 1854 BusHnan in Circ. Sc. (c 1865) IL. 
6/1 The proximate elements are formed by the union of 
several ultimate elements. 188: Wituiamson in Nature 
No. 618. 414 The foundation of .. chemistry was laid by the 
discovery of chemical elements. - 

2. In wider sense: One of the relatively simple 
substances of which a complex substance is com- 
posed ; in f/. the ‘raw material’ of which a thing 
is made. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Freres T. 206 Make bie yow newe bodies 
alway Of elementz. 1593 Hooxrr ec/. Pol. 1. iii, If those 
principall & mother elements of the world, whi all 
things in this lower world are made, should loose the qualities 
which now they haue. 1610 SHAKs. 7emp. u1. iii. 61 The 
Elements Of whom your swords are temper’d may as well 
Wound the loud windes. 1851 Carrenter Man. Phys. 319 
The two elements [Fibrine and the Red Corpuscles] separat- 
ing from each other laterally. 5 

3. The bread and wine used in the Sacrament of 
the Eucharist. Chiefly /. 

[The word elementa is used in late L, in the sense of 
‘articles of food and drink, the solid and liquid portions of 
a meal’ (see Du Cange); but in the ecclesiastical use there 
is probably a reference to the philosophical sense of mere 
‘matter’ as apart from ‘form’; the ‘form’, by virtue of 
which the ‘elements’ became Christ’s body and blood, being 
believed to be imparted by the act of consecration.] 

1593 Hooker £cc/. Pol. w. i. (1611) 128 Vnto the ele- 
ment let the word bee added, and they two make a Sacra- 
ment. a@x600 tr. Calvin’s Comm. Prayer-bk. in Phenix 
(1708) II. 245 As if these Elements were turn’d and chang’d 
into the Substance of his Flesh and Blood. 1607 Hieron 
Wks. 1. 256 Such slender & vnlikely elemens of water, bread 
& wine. 1633 D. Rocers Sacraments 132 They.. bring an 
whole unbroken Element, made of a fl white delicate 
wafer. 1745 WeESLEY Answ. pt He deliver’d the Ele- 
ments with his own Hands. 1 Direct. Angl. (ed. 3) 354 
Elements, the materials used in the Sacraments. 


4. a. Physiol. A definite small portion of an 
animal or vegetable structure. 


——— ff Se. )|6h le eee 


7 necessary to 
determine oa fl b. Crys- 
allegrienhy., “SUy ames £0 etermine the form 


8. Math. An infinitesimal part of a magnitude 
of any kind ; a differential. 


. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Element of an area, called also 
its diff al, is gle .. of the semi-ord: -into 
the differential of the ab 1882 M Unipl. Ki- 
nemat, 112 P any point in the lamina at which the element 
of mass is dm. Watson & Bursury Math, Th, Electr. 


Magn. 1. 250 The molecular distributions within the ele- 

Showy of cles dx dy dz, : 
II. The ‘ four elements’. 

9. Used as a general name for earth, water, air, 
and fire ; originally in sense 1, to which many of 
the earlier instances have explicit reference; now 
merely as a matter of traditional custom. 

@ 1300 Signs bef. Fudgm. 177 in E. E. P. (1862) 12 Pe .xii. 


dai elemens sul cri .. fiz mari. ¢1300 
Fragm. fa (W: it) r20 Bynethe the | h 
h four tz, of wham we beoth i-wro3t. 


a1y40 Hampore Psalter ix. 34 Pe erth is be end of thyn; 
& pe last element. 8 Caron Cato tthe tort ake 


the thridde element. AxTON Cato 4 foure ele- 
mentes menace alle men that thanke not 1535 
CoverpaLe Wisd. xix. 18 The elementes in to them 


selues, like as whan one tune is chaunged vpon an instru- 
ment of musick. 1 Dicsy Nat. Bodies iv. (1658) 37 There 
are but four simple ies: and are rightly named 
- More Antid. Ath, (1712) . Pref. 15 
icles of the third E! 1711 Pore 
Fame 447 Thro’ g air the ds are 

And’ spread o'er all the fluid element. 1723 Briton 

No. iii, Rich wines and high-season’d ‘outs supply the 
of Vegetables and meer Element. 1787 G. Wuite Se/- 

i. 3 Fine limpid water. .much bythose who 
drink the pure element. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. mt. lxxiv, 
When el to el fe And dust is as it 
should be. 1886 T. K, OvipHant New Eng. IL. 21g If the 
+. we should 


duileti 


great authors ania werd 606 up ts medals 
never hear of fire as ‘ the devouring element’. 


b. fig. 
At. ene Lett. in Gurw. Disp. X1. 12 A British 
ini have too often under his view the element 


1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. 654 Two el ts [of 
a varies) which embrace the spinal marrow. 1884 Bower 
& Scott De Bary’s Phaner. & Ferns 182 Small vascular 
bundles composed of narrow elements. /éid. 459 On the 
side of the wood, new elements .. are constantly added. 

b. One of the essential parts of any scientific 
apparatus; used esf. of simple instruments united 
to form a complex instrument of the same kind. 
Voltaic element: usually = CELL 10, but some- 
times = electrode. 

1831 Brewster Nat. Magic vi. (1833) 148 We can even 
reproduce them .. with the simplest elements of our optical 
apparatus, 1871 tr. Schellen’s Spectr. Anal. ix. 67 An 
electric battery of 50 Bunsen’s or Grove’s large elements, 

** of non-material things. 

5. A constituent portion of an immaterial whole, 
as of a concept, c cter, state of things, com- 
munity, etc. 

HAKs. Much Ado u. i. 9 Sie ’s little of the 
choly element in her, - 
Intell. os. 7 These simple 


F ite and Motion .. are all clearly intelligible as 
different Modes of extended Su! ce. 1833 
Pauline 21, 1 strip my mind bare—whose first elements I 


Mon. .elelendis he is icleped for he is of unkube pode. 
Eleme (e'l/mi). Comm. Also g elemi. [a. 
Turk. yosJ| (transliterated 2/émé by Redhouse) 
something sifted or selected.] aftrid. in Eleme 
Jigs, a kind of dried figs from Turkey. 


Encycl. Brit. UX. 154 The best kind, known as elemi, 
are s) oe at Smyrna. 1888 Grocer’s Price List, Fine 
Eleme Figs. 


Element (e¢'l/mént), s+. Forms: 3-4, 7 ele- 
mens (//.), 4 ela-, elemente, 5 elymente, 6 
elyment, elemente, 4~ element. [a. OF. e/e- 
ment, ad. L. elementum, a word — -_ 
etymology and primary meaning are unce! » but 
which waa augloves as transl. of Gr. ¢roxetov in 
the various senses :—a component unit of a series ; 
a constituent part of a complex whole (hence the 
‘four elements’); a member of the planetary 
system ; a letter of the alphabet ; a fundamental 
principle of a science.] 

I. K component part of a complex whole. 
¥ of material things. 

1. One of the simple substances of which all 
material bodies are compounded. 

+a. In ancient and medizval philosophy these 


certainly one main element of beauty. 1 
Hist. vii. § 5 (1882) 386 The woollen man had be- 
come an important element in the national wealth. Mod. 
The Celtic and Teutonic elements in the population. 

b. Often followed by of= ‘consisting of’. 

185x Hewes Friends in C. 1. 1x These ices have 
elements of charity and prudence as well as and mean- 
ness in them. 1866 Kinostey Herew. vii. 129 It had its 
usual element of cant. Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) I. 241 


The greatest strength is ol to have an element of 
limitation. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) III. xii. 162 
Mingled with all this there is a certain of grim 
merriment, 


6. One of the facts or conditions which ‘ enter 
into’ or determine the result of a process, calcula- 


tion, deliberation, or inquiry. Also with of(cf. 5 b). 
1812 WoopHovsE ploy a The length Zs sides 


by which he is surrounded, 1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke i. 
(1876) 2 Italy .. whee neem Say See have become 


the very 

+10. The sky; ?also, the atmosphere. Ods. 

[This sense is app. due to med.L. ‘ elementum ignis’ asa 
name of the starry sphere; but there may be a mixture 
tery = ae A RAS A _ 

¢ Dighy Myst. (x n. 371 A meruelous thele 
sativa lyde. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. “te sawe a 
ey fol. 5 ye to the element. 


crag, 1534 More Treat. 
Passion Wks. 1307/1 The moone & the sterres in 
the element. 1580 Sitpney A rvadia v. (1590) 4 orning 
had taken P on po lement MiLron 
Comus 299, 1 took them a faery vision some ga’ 
eunerel’ t te Hosses /liad xix. 331 ‘x 
thick Snow, Which Boreas bloweth the it. 
1714 Gay 's Week vi. 3 note, Welkin. .is frequently 
taken for the Element or 


+b. ?One of the Rep ee 
pierre also (rarely) 
themselves. Ods. 


Fi yth fetheris of Philosophye To everyche 
semen Lp. Berners Gold. >. urel. (1546) Bb, 
These that wold serche the trouthe of the 
elementes of the 1593 Hooxer Zec/. Pod. 1. ix, The 
Sunne, the Moone, any one of the heauens or elements. 
Suaxs. Oth. tu. iti. 464 Witnesse you euer-burning 
Lights aboue, You Elements, that clip vs round about. 
11. p/. Atmospheric agencies or 
I a ete. I 1. 1v. (Arb.) 81 Owre nation 
elementes. fe ge gy 


6 


the incessant 
Philip 11, 1. iv.(1857)6x Too gallant a cavalier to be daunted 
fee denon 66 nate Sequences § H. 100 The Wat 


a , 7, out o, 
Fe58 Suan, Merry Www. ii. 


year (an element of little or no importance in A y). 
1823 Cuatmers Serm. I. 129 His will was reduced to an 


_ELEMENT. 


I. 69 It seems to be with Trade, as with the Sea (its Ele- 
ment). ae. De For Crusoe (1840) II. iv. 73 When they 
came to boards .. they were quite out of their ele- 
ment. 1784 JoHNsoNn in Boswell III. 629 The town is my 
element; there are my friends, there are my books. 1823 
Lams Zilia oF I, xil. aie 1 uy pores element of 
rose. 1848 Macauray Hist. Eng. I. 534 Ferguson was 
in his element. og tprersip spies hip Bhs. iii. 69 
Englishmen were to be taught that .. the sea was to be 
their element. Zod. Some fishes can live a long time after 
r I from their el 

III. 13. Primordial principle, source of origin. 
rare. 

1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 61/1 Infinity is .. the 

inciple and Element of things. 1850 Tennyson /n Mem. 
a That God, which ever lives and loves, One God, 
one law, one element. 

IV. 14. p/. +The letters of the alphabet 
(obs.). Hence, the rudiments of learning, the ‘A, 
B, C’; also, the first principles of an art or science. 

1382 WycuiF Gad. iv. 9 Hou ben 3e turned. .tosyke, or freel, 
and nedy elementis. 1552 HuLoretr £lementes or principles 
of grammer—Zlementes letters wherof be made sillables. 
1612 Brins_ey Lud. Lit. i. (1627) 7 Beginning at the very 
first Elements, even at the A, B, 1644 Mitton Zduc. 
(1738) 137 At the same time .. might be taught .. the Ele- 
ments of Geometry. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exe. u. viii. 
60 Man knows first by elements & after long study learns a 
syllable, & in good time gets a word. 1x Mack 1nTosu 
Stud. Law Nat., &c. Wks. 1846 I. 342 Public lectures .. 
have been used .. to teach the elements of almost every 
part of learning. 1833 Cruse Eusebius 1. xxiv. 161 Books 
containing elements of the faith. 1875 Jowetr P/ato (ed. 2) 
III. 425 Calculation and geometry and all the other elements 
of instruction, E 

b. Luclid’s Elements: the title of a treatise on 
the rudiments of Geometry. 

1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 8/2 Those [propo- 
sitions] which Euclid hath reduced into his E] its. 1793 
T. Bepvors Math. Evid. 47 As if the elements of Euclid 
were not already tedious enough. 1828 Larpner Euclid 
Pref., Euclid’s Elements were first used in the school of 
Alexandria. 

+E-lement, v. vs. 
prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To compound of elements. 

1400 [see ELEMENTED fee. a.). 1477 Norton Ord. Alch.v. 
in Ashm. 86 The third thinge elemented of them all. c1535 
{see ELEMENTED Zf/.a.]. 1582 BATMAN Ox Barthol, x1. xvi. 
165 Foure elements. .of the which all things ellemented. .are 
made. a 163x Donne Poems (1650) 194 As of this all, though 
many parts decay, The pure which elemented them shall 
stay. 1647 Farincpon Sermz. (1672) I. 135 Man thus created, 
thus elemented and composed. 

fg. us 

1628 Donne Sevm. xlviii. 487 Elemented and composed of 
Heresies. 1640Watton Donne 38 His very soul was elemented 
of nothing but sadness. 1670— Lives 1. 33 Absence .. doth 
remove Those things that Elemented it [sublunary love]. 
1654 WuitLock Zootomia 32 A world elemented mith Sinne 
and Misery. 

3. To instruct in the rudiments of learning; cf. 
ELEMENT sd. 14. 

1651 Relig. Wotton. 489, 1 thought he had been better 
elemented at Eton. 1662 [see ELEMENTED AZ. a. 2]. 

Elemental (eléme‘ntal), a. [f. prec. + -au.] 

1. Of or pertaining to the ‘four elements’, earth, 
air, fire, and water, or to any one of them. 

1519 /nterl. Four Elements in Hazl, Dodsley I. 11 The 
lower region, called the elemental. 1561 Epex Art Nauig. 
1. iv, The worlde is deuided into two regions : Celestiall, and 
Elementall. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. (1670) 465 The. . purifyin; 
both of the Elements and Heavens in their Elementa 
qualities. 1732 Pore Zss. Maz 1. 169 All subsists by ele- 
mental strife. 1824 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser. i. (1863) 73 
Mixing the deep note of love with the elemental music. 
1831 CarLyLE Sartor Res. u. vi. 98 With no prospect of 
breakfast beyond elemental liquor. 1851 — Sterling m1. 
ii. (1872) 174 Elemental tumults, and blustering wars of 
sea and sky. 

+ 2. Composed of, or produced by, the elements ; 
material as opposed to spiritual; inorganic as 
opposed to vital ; ‘ material’ as opposed to ‘ for- 
mal’; also, in the condition of raw material. Odés. 

1574 Wurtairt Def. Aunsw. u. Wks. 1851 I. 255 An_ex- 
ternal thing and elemental, but not indifferent. 1577 Der 
Relat. Spir. i. (x659)"397 All Elemental Creatures. 1602 
Fusecke 1st Pt. Parall.80 The Law considereth not bare 
and elementall bodies, but bodies apparelled. 1605 Timme 
Quersit. Ded, 2 Without the which [the spirit] the elemental 
and material character .. profiteth not. 1610 Histrio-w7. v1. 
131 This elementall bodie (thus compact) Is but a scattred 
Chaos of revenge. 1644 Micron Aveof, (Arb.) 35 A kind of 

whereof the execution ends not in the pies, hed 
an elementall life. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 121 Nor 
is onely an animall heate required hereto [for hatching eggs], 
but an elementall and artificiall warmth will suffice. 

+b. adsol. (quasi-sd. in f/.) The bread and wine of 
the Eucharist considered apart from their con- 
secration. Oés. 

ax655 Vines Lord’s Supp. (1677) 298 The elementals of 
bread and wine. F 

+3. Applied to fire, in two different senses (cf. 
ELEMENTARY 3). a. Material, physical, literal, as 
opposed to ‘spiritual’ or Saks also, such as 
exists in this lower world. b. In its (hypothetical) 
pure condition, as opposed to the impure form in 
which it is actually known. Ods. 

1533 Hylton’s Scala Perf., God is not fyre elementall [1494 
elementare]. F. E. Hist. Edw. IT, (1680) 6 Majestick 


Also 6 ellement. [f. 


1 
thoughts, like Elemental fire, should tend still upwards. _ 


83 


1751 —— Rambi. No. 99 4 Vanish like elemental fire. 
17: ouNG Centaur i. Wks. 1757 IV. 129 A fire elemental 
is diffused through all nature. 

4. Pertaining to the powers or agencies of phy- 
sical nature. Llemental spirits, gods, etc.: those 
which are personifications of natural phenomena, 
or are associated with particular departments of 
nature. So elemental worship, religion. 

1821 SHELLEY Prometh. Und. iv. i, Elemental Genii .. 
From Heaven's star-fretted domes. 1850 Merivate Row. 
Emp. (1865) 1. v. 231 Elemental worship of the grossest kind. 
1865 Lecxy Ration. (1878) 1. 42 To rise to intercourse with 
these elemental spirits of nature was the highest aim of the 
philosopher. 1875 MeRIvate Gen. Hist. Rome \xviii.(1877) 
554 He continued to serve his elemental fetiche, and intro- 
duced the rude black stone which represented the Sun. — 
GiapsTonE Homeric Synchr. 109 Amphitrite appears in the 
Odyssey only as an elemental power. 

b. fig. Comparable to the great forces of nature. 

1820 L. Hunt /ndicator No. 42 (1822) 1.336 A bold ele- 
mental imagination. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life i. 21 All 
great force is real and elemental. There is no manufacturing 
a strong will. 1873 LowEtL Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. 287 
With an elemental movement like Ne shifting of mighty 
winds. 1878 Morey Carlyle 175 The freedom and elemental 
grandeur of Byron. 

+5. Pertaining to the sky; also, governed by 
celestial influences. (Cf. ELEMENT sé. 10.) Ods. 

1527 AnpREW Brunswyke's Distyl. Waters Aj, Dystyl- 
lacyon is an elementall thyng. 1583 StupBes Anat. A dus. 
ut. 57 They observed .. the elemental signes and tokens in 
the firmament, 1627 FeL_tHam Resolves 1. xlvii, An ele- 
mental and ascentive soul. 

6. Of the nature of an ultimate constituent, 
whether of material or non-material things; es. 
of physical substances, simple, uncompounded. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 362 Elementall sub- 
stances. 1651 Biccs New Disf. 113 Without the elementall, 
true ..entity. 1773 Monsoppo Language (1774) I.111. v. 482 
The division of elemental sounds dacs Vowelsend Consonants) 
1821 SHELLEY Efipsych. 437 As clear as elemental diamond. 
1851 Brimtey ss. 115 Elemental passions and affections. 
1859 Darwin Orig. Sec. xiv. (1878) 364 Minerals and the 
elemental substances. 1863 E. Neate Anal. Th. & Nat. 
207 The primitive elemental operations of thought. 

7. That is an essential or integrant part of any 


unity ; constituent. 

1639 Futter Holy Wart. xiii. (1840) 21 The four elemental 
nations whereof this army was compounded. 1805 Azz. 
Rev. IIl. 254 Mere seasonings in the cauldron of public 
opinion, not its elemental ingredients. 1874 MotLry Bar- 
neveld I. vii. 311 The few simple but elemental fibers which 
make up the tissue of most human destinies. , 

8. Relating to the beginnings or first principles 
of learning ; rudimentary; = ELEMENTARY 6. rare 
in mod. use. 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl, Hist. 30 Them [Epistles] that 
haue need of an elemental introduction. 1589 GREENE 
Menaph. (Arb.) 68 Everie elementall worde of arte. 1624 
Worton Archit. in Relig. (1672) 5 Some. . Method. .shortest 
and most Elemental. 1790 Burke /». Rev. Wks. V. 353 
Elemental training to those higher and more large regards. 
184x Hor. Smitu Moneyed Man II. x. 328 An elemental 
work upon astronomy. 185§ H. Reep Lect. Eng. Lit. x. 
(1878) 334 Elemental truths, which have been assailed by 
some of the heresies of the day. 

Hence + Eleme‘ntalish a. (A/chemy.) Pure, un- 
compounded, lying at the base of other substances. 
Obs. rare—'. Bleme‘ntalism, ovce-wa., worship 
of the elementary powers of nature. 

1671 i; Wesster Metadlogr. viii. 120 The Elementalish 
Gold. .lies hid in many Earths. 1863 Durr in Chr. Work 
July 273 Elementalism, if I —e a word, the worship 
chiefly of the Fire, the Air, the Water and the Sun. 

+ Elementa'lity. Obs. [f. prec. +-1ry.] The 
fact of being an element. 

1654 WuitLock Mann. Eng. 456[Essay, ‘The Fifth Element, 
or, Of Detraction.] By this I hope the Elementality (that 
is the universality) of Detraction..is out of Dispute. 

+ Eleme‘ntally, adv. Obs. [f. as prec. + 
-Ly2.] In an elemental manner or sense. 

1643 Mitton Divorce u. xv. (1851) ror Those words.. 
elementally understood, are against nature. 

Elementaloid (eltmentiloid), a. [f. Exr- 
MENTAL +-O1D.] Chem. Like an element; having 
the appearance of, or behaving like, an element. 

1885 in Ocitvin Supp. ’ 

Elementarian (e:l/inentée'rian). vare—. [f. 
ELEMENTARY + -IAN.] One who has not advanced 
beyond the rudiments of his studies. 

1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scoti. u. xiii. 355 Elementarians 
who are not sufficiently qualified to be advanced. 

Elemen: (elémerntarili), adv. [f. ELE- 
MENTARY +-LY2.] In a simple or rudimentary 
manner; also, + by purely from causes (005.). 

1643 R. O. Man’s Mort. v. 21 The Rationall Facultie in 
Man. .may as well be producted elementarily by Man. 1849 
Ruskin Sev. Lamps ii. (1855) 52 Explaining lementarily. 

Elementariness (el‘mecntarinés). [f. as 
prec.+-NESS.] The quality of being elementary. 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 250 The material elemen- 
taryness of concrets. 1862 C. J. VaucHan Bh. § Life 64 
Things almost puerile in their elementariness. 1881 WV. Y. 
Nation 386 The elementariness of ‘ the things of the mind ’.* 

+ Elementarist. Os. vave—*, [f. ELEMEN- 
TARY + -IST.] _ One who treats of the ‘four 
elements’. 

1651 Biccs New Disf. 159 Putrefaction, according to that 
great Elementarist, Aristotle, is, etc. 


ELEMENTATE. 


+ Elementa‘rity. 0¢s. rvave—'. [f. ELEMEN- 
TARY +-TY.] = ELEMENTARINESS. 

1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. (ed. 2) 42 Creatures... 
farre above the condition of elementarity. 

Elementary (cl‘me‘ntari). Forms: 5-6 ele- 
mentar(e, -air, -arie (7-8 elimentarie, -y). [ad. 
L. elementarius, £. elementum: see ELEMENT and 
-AR,-ARY. Cf. F. &émentaire.} 

1. Of or pertaining to the four elements or any 
one of them; = ELEMENTAL I. rare in mod. use. 

1549 Compl. Scot. vi. (1872) 47 The fyrst part [of the varld] 
is the regione elementair. 1605 Timme Quersit. 1. v. 21 
The elementary qualities passiue. c1645 Howett Lett. 
(1650) III. 19 A species of living Creatures in the Orb 
of the Moon, which may bear som analogie with those of 
this Elementary world. 1669 GaLe Crt. Gentiles 1. 11. iii. 
46 If our Light be a Substance, its either Heavenly, or 
Elementarie. a@1761 Law Comf. Weary Pilgr. (1809) 

This elementary world. 1856 Zazt’s Mag. XXIII. 763 
This year of peace has been distinguished by ‘elementary’ 
war-—by deluges and earthquakes. 

+ 2. Composed of, or produced by, the (four) ele- 
ments; material, physical; opposed to sf7rztzal, 
celestial, etc. ; = ELEMENTAL 2. Obs. 

¢ 1440 [see 3]. 1612 Woopatt Surg, Mate Wks. (1653) 239 
A Mineral is an elementarie body that is of it self firm and 
fixed. 1635 Swan Sfec. MW. iii. § 2 (1643) 48 The uncreated 
Light (viz. God) commanded this elementarie light to be. 
@ 1656 Br. Hart Occas. Med. (1851) 9 A false and elementary 
apparition. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iii. (1840) 88 The 
Devil. .set his human and elementary instruments at work. 
1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 48 Others .. say, there is 
only an elementary virtue in stones, 

+b. That is in the condition of raw material. 

1799 tr. Meister’s Lett. on Eng. 145 There is more gross 
and elementary matter in the English diet. 

+3. Applied to air, fire, water, earth (cf. ELE- 
MENTAL 3): @. Physical, material, literal, as 
opposed to figurative or ‘ spiritual’; also, such as 
they exist in this lower world. b. In their state 
of pure elements, as opposed to the impure state in 
which they are cognizable by the senses. 

©1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xxxili, God 
is not fyre elementare. 1610 HEALEY St. Aug. City of God 
438 Some... held the Christalline heavens composed of 
waters. .of a farre other nature then the Elementary. 1652 
Frencu Vorksh. Spa ii. 7 The whole Elementary air being 
of its owne nature most subtile. 1658 Zorments of Hell in 
Phenix (1708) 11. 438 Corporal elementary Fire is light .. 
the Fire of Hell is not corporal Fire. 1782 Kirwan in 
Phil. Trans. LXXII. 230 Fixed air..when stripped of 
phlogiston, and impregnated with. .elementary fire, becomes 
again dephlogisticated air. 1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. 1. 56 
Glass appears to be the true elementary earth, and all mixed 
bodies are only glass in disguise. 

4. Pertaining to the great forces of nature. Z/e- 
mentary gods; the gods of the elements. Cf. 
ELEMENTAL 4, which is now in more frequent use. 

1739 H. Warotr Cor. (1820) I. 23 The elementary god of 
fire. 184x EvpHinstone Hist. India I. 173 The worship 
of the old elementary gods. 

b. fig. Comparable to the great forces of nature. 

1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. v. 185 Byron. .the greatest 
elementary power..in our literature since Shakespeare. 

+5. Like one’s ‘native element’; congenial. Ods. 

1760 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (1792) v. 5 He found their 
manners congenial and elementary to his own natural turn 
and disposition. 

6. Of the nature of an (absolutely or relatively) 
ultimate constituent. Of chemical substances: 
Simple, not decomposable. 

1622 Peacuam Compl. Gent. xv. 161 As if light were a 
quality resulting of an elementary composition, it being 
created before all mixed bodies. 1736 Butter Axad. 1. i, 18 
The solid elimentary Particles of Matter. 175: Harris //er- 
mes (1841) 210 To about twenty plain elementary sounds .. 
we owe that variety of articulate voices. 1813’ BAKEWELL 
Introd. Geol. (1815) 33 The elementary substances of which 
[rocks] are composed are very few. 1876 Geo. Exior Daz. 
Der. II. xxxiii. 339 What one may call the elementary ex- 
pressions of the face. 

b. Math. Of the nature of an element or infini- 
tesimal part (see ELEMENT 8). 

1882 Mincuin Unipl. Kinemat. 83 Elementary polar area 
of the curve C. 1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th. 
Electr. & Magn. 1. 98 An elementary area of that surface. 

7. Of the nature of elements or rudiments; ru- 
dimentary, introductory. Elementary book, writer, 
one that deals with first principles. Llementary 
school, one in which primary instruction is given. 

1542 RecorvE Gr. Artes (1575) 429, I would not wishe you 
to cleaue still to these elementarie aydes.. 1597 Morey 
Introd. Mus. Annot., Musicke is diuided into two parts, 
the first may be called Elementarie or rudimental. 1793 
T. Beppvors Math. Evid. 17 The same thing must .. be .. 
true of every other elementary author. 1812 Sir. H. Davy 
Chem. Philos. 24 Elementary books on the science. 1841 
Spratpine /taly & Jt. Isl. III. # In 1835, the elementary 
schools were 4422. 1860 Mitt Repr. Govt. (1865) 22/2 Ele- 
men maxims of prudence. 1863 Lyett Antig. Man 5 
These innovations have been treated of in my.. Manual of 
Elementary Geology. 5 

+b. That has not advanced beyond the rudi- 


ments. Ods. 
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. (T.) Your courtier elemen- 
tary is one but newly entered, or as it were in the alphabet. 


+ Eleme‘ntate, #//. a. Obs. rare. [ad. mod. 
L. clementat-us, pass. pple. of element-are: see 
next.] = ELEMENTATED. 

11-2 


“ota 


ELEMENTATE. 


Riptey Comp, Alch. 1x. in Ashm. Erth ys Gold, 
Poy the Sowle 4 Not Comyn but aus thus , ee 
tate. 1561 Epen Art Navig. 1. iv, Elementate, is euerie 
body compounded of the foure elementes. 

7 E‘lementate, v. Obs. rare. [f. mod.L. 
elementat- ppl. stem of elementare, f. elementum 
ELEMENT. 

The vb. elementare occurs in the Latin versions of Para- 
celsus; the original German has elementieren.] 

trans. a. To impregnate with an element; to 
compound out of elements. b. To be (one or 


_ more of ) the elements of (a substance). 


1650 AsHMoLE Chymt. Coll. 113 Fermented Ferment, iy 
elementated with every Element..is Gold. 1660 tr. Para- 
celsus’ Archid. 1. u. 15 The substance .. is not from that 

1 which. .el h the sub 

+ E‘lementa‘ted, #//. a. Obs. [f. prec. + -ED.] 
Compounded of the four elements ;= ELEMENTED ; 
hence, material, physical; impregnated with an 
element. Elementated degrees: the ‘ degrees’ (of 
‘hot’ or ‘cold’ quality) in medicinal substances, 
resulting from the proportions of their ‘ elements’. 
Hence E:lementa'tedness. 

1605 Timme Quersit. 1. xiii. 67 Bodyes elementated, as wel 
of minerals as of vegetables. pg Wuarton Soul of 
World Wks. (1683) 657 Physicians should .. segregate the 
Medicinal vertues of things from the Body, and the Ele- 
mentated Impurities thereof. 1660 tr. Paracelsus’ Archid. 
u. ror The Sum or Number which respects the Elementated 
Degrees, is..to be noted, 1662 J. CHANDLER Van Helmont's 
Oriat. 43 A Body above an Elementated one, and heavenly. 
1675 Evetyn Terra (1729) 26 Salt. .the first and last of Ele- 
mentated Bodies. 1 tr. Paracelsus’ Archid. 1. 109 
The External Elementatedness .. corrupts and breaks the 
former Nature. 

+ Eleme'ntative, z. Oés. rave—'. [f. Exx- 
MENTATE Pf/. a, + -IVE.] Of the nature of mere 
passive matter, inorganic. 

1477 Norton Ordin. Alch. i. in Ashm. 20 Mettalls be only 
Elementative, Having noe seede, nether feeling of life. 

+E-lemented, ///. a. [f. ELEMENT v. + -ED.] 

1. Composed of or produced by (any or all of ) 
the four elements. 

¢ 1400 Test. Love ul. (1560) 288 b/2 Of hem all governments 
in this elemented world proceden. cx Dewes /ntrod. 
in Palsgr. (1852) 1053 All thynges ben elemented [Fr. elle- 
mentées] onely, as..metals or = elemented and vegetables, 
as herbes. 1605 Timme Quersit. ut. 142 Three distinct 
substances in euery natural elemented body. 1 Asu- 
MOLE Chym. Coll., Mercury in all Elemented substances 
is one and the same. 1680 Boye Scept. Chem. v. 350 That 
all Elemented bodies be compounded of the same number 
of Elements. 1771 Muse in Min. 77 Now rushing cataracts 
descend To calm the elemented fray. 

b. Impregnated with various elements ; fig. 

1650 AsHMoLe Chym. Coll. 24 Collecting into Books this 
Elemented Water falling from Heaven. 

2. Instructed, well-grounded in one’s art. 

1662 Futter Worthies 1. 23 The Fishery did breed the 
natural and best elemented seamen. 

+ E-lementing, v4/. sd. Obs. rare—'. [f. as 
prec. +-1NG!.] Calling into existence, origination. 

1638 Baker tr. Badzac's Lett. (1654) II. 20 The first ele- 
menting and foundation of love. 

+Eleme‘ntish, 2. Ods. [f. ELEMENT + -1sH.] 
Of the nature of (any of) the four elements ; 
material, physical. 

aes Sipney Arcadia 1. Wks. 264 Elementish and ethe- 
real parts. 1585-7 Rocrrs 39 Art. (1607) 177 Scornfully 
terming the.. water at baptism, elementish water. 1646 
Flisner] Mod. Divinity 222 God at first gave man an ele- 
mentish body. 

+ E-lemently, ¢. 04s. rave—'. [f. ELEMENT 5d, 
+-LY1,] Pertaining to the four elements. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R, x. ii. (1495) 372 Elemently 
and heuenly fourme. 

Elemi (e'l/mi). Forms: 6 (gumme) elimi, 
(gummi) elennij, 8 (gum) elimy, (elemni), 
7-elemi. [In Fr. é/émz, It., Sp. elemt, Pg. gumi- 
deme; of unknown (perhaps oriental) etymology ; 


the Arab, name ss lami, cited by some writers, 


appears, according to Devic, to be known only as 
a very modern word. The name (gumi elim?) 
occurs in Vigo’s Latin Pratica (Rome 1517).] 

A stimulant resin obtained from various trees, 
as Canarium commune (Manilla), Zcica Icicariba 
(Brazil), Llaphrium elemiferum (Mexico), used in 
plaisters, ointments, and the manufacture of var- 
nish, More fully Gum ELEemt. Also aétrid. in 
elemi oil (= Evemin), elemi resin, gee go 

ey Vigo's Chirurg. m. xiv. mas- 
eee. <A. of qaunie dal, qranalaiee pM be wt 
Bi. & 3. Descr. Isthmus of Darian 4 The Tree like- 
wise that affords Gummi Elemi grows here in great A- 
boundance. 1703 Lond. Gas. No. 3898/3 The Cargo of the 
Galeon .. consistin; ne) Gum Elemni,..etc. 1714 
Fr. Bk. Rates 9 Gone limy per x00 weight 05 @7. 00 so. 
1751 Cuamsers Cycl., Elemi is usually called elemi, 
though ve ba ge inasmuch as it takes fir readily 
enough. 1831 . P. Jones Convers. Chem, xxviii. 287 The 


principal resins are rosin, _ lac .. elemi. 
1851-9 Hooker in Adm. Man. Sct. Eng. 427 Elemi is also 
produced in Mexico, where it is knownas opal Har 
Ley Mat, Med. 664 Elemi tree is imported from Manilla. 
(e'lémin), Chem. [f. prec. + -IN. 
1868 Rovre & Heap Mat. Med. (ed. 5) 391 The E 
analysed .. yielded... a peculiar crystalline body, Elemine. 


84. 


1882 Watts Dict. Chem. s.v., Oil of Elemi—Elemin. 
Elemi resin distilled with water yields a transparent colour- 
less oil, having the ition of a h 

+ (flenk). Obs. Also 6 elenke, 
-cke, 6-7 elenche. [ad. (either directly or 
through OF. elenche) L. elench-us, a. Gr. édeyxos 
ELENcHUS.] 

1. Logic. A syllogism in refutation of a propo- 
sition that has been syllogistically defended (see 
quot. 1860 in ELENcHUuS 1); hence, in wider sense, 
a logical refutation. Jgnorance of the elenche:= 
IGNORATIO ELENCHI (rare). 

@ 1529 Sketton Col. Cloute 820 Nor knoweth his elenkes 
Nor his predicamens. 1597 Bacon Coulers Good & Evill 
139 Their seuerall fallaxes and the elenches of them. 1610 
J. Dove Advt. Seminaries 47 A fallacy called the ignorance 
ofthe Elenche. 1614 Jackson Creed m1. Pref., The second 
. contains. .an elench of those vulgar fallacies. 1631 Mas- 
stnGER Emp. of East u. i, She will have her elenchs To cut 
off any fallacy I can hope To put upon her. 

b. Aristotle’s Elenchs: his treatise wept cogu- 
oriuxéw édéyxav ‘concerning sophistical elenchs’ 
or sophisms. (The title does not mean, as is 
implied in quot. 1837, ‘concerning the refutation 
of sophisms’.) Hence e/ench was often used for: 
A sophistical argument, a fallacy. 

1565 Jewet Repl, Harding (1611) 5 Your Elenchs, your 
Fallacies, your sillie Syllogismes. 1571 AscHam Scholem. 
(Arb.) 132 Aristotle. .in his..Elenches, should be. .fruitfull. 
1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. vi. 36 A double Elench lurk- 
eth in this place, one of composition, an other of division. 
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. 54 This part concerning Elenches 
is excellently handled by Aristotle. Decay Chr. Piety 
ix. § 20. 308 Our common adversary, that old sophister .. 
puts the most abusive elenchs on us. 1689 Se.pen Zable 7. 
59 All your Elenchs in Logick come within the compass of 
Juggling. (1837 Hatram Hist. Lit. ut. iii. § 55 A similar 
doubt might be suggested with respect to the elenchs, or 
refutations, of rhetorical sophisms. ] 

2. An index, analytical table of contents. [So 
Gr. édeyxos ; cf. It., Sp. e/enco in same sense.] 

1563 87 Foxe A. & M. (1596) 195/t Certeine notes or 
elenchs upon this epistle. 1715 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey. 1775in Asw. 

Elenchic (flenkik), a. [f. L. elench-us (see 
prec.) + -10.] = ELENcTIC. 

1850 Grote Greece u1. Ixviii. VIII. 634 History presents to 
us only one man who ever devoted his life to prosecute this 
duty of an elenchic or cross-ex ining missi # 

lenchical (flenkikal), a. rare. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] = prec. 

1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1. 53 Elenchicall, or 
Confutative against Error. 1721-1800 in hasay. 1832 in 
Wesster. 1847 in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Elenchically, adv. rare. [f. prec. +-L¥2.] 
In an elenchical manner, by means of an elenchus. 

1 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. Pref., Any Penne, that 
shall Elenchically refute us. 

+Ele-nchize, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. ELencu + 
-1ZE.] intr. To make use of the elenchus; to argue. 

1631 B. Jonson New /nn u. vi, Hear him problematize. . 
Or syllogize, elenchize. ; 

Il Elenchus (enkds). pl. elenchi.  [L. 
elench-us, a. Gr. €Xeyxos cross-examination. (Sense 
3 appears to be only Lat.; perh, another word.] 

1. a. Logic. = Evencui. b. Socratic elenchus: 
the method pursued by Socrates of eliciting truth 
by means of short question and answer. 

1663 Butter //xd. 1. m. 1258, I shall bring you, with your 
pack Of fallacies, t' Elenchi back. 1721-1 in Barney. 
1850 Maurice Mor, §& Met. Philos. (ed. 2) 116 My [Socrates’) 
elenchus is nothing better in itself than the logic. .ofany other 
professor. 1860 Asp. Thomson Laws Th, § 127. 271 Admit- 
ting the apparent correctness of the opposing argument, we 
may prove the contradictory of its Lusi y an unas- 
sailable argument of our own, which is then called an Elen- 
chus (€Aeyxos). 1874 Manarry Soc, Life Greece xi. 340 
Such people. .cared little about even the ic elenchus. 
1878 mg Euior Coll. Breakf, P. 713 No dull elenchus 
makes a yoke for her. 

2. =ELencn 2. Obs. 

1721-1800 in Battery, 

+3. Antig. (See quot.) ie 

1727-5t Cuamners Cycl., Elenci in antiquity, a kind 
of caring set with pearis. In mod. Dicts. ; 

(Henktik), a. Also (incorrectly) 
elenchtic. [ad. Gr. éAey«rin-ds, f. A€yx-exv to re- 
fute; cf. prec.] Of or pertaining to refutation ; 
concerned with refutation ; that occupies himself 
with cross-examination. 

1833 Blackw. Mag. XX XIII, 627 His duty is elenchtic. 
1850 Grote Greece 1. Ixviii. VIII. 566 An elenchtic or cross- 
examining god. 1866 Mitt in in, Rev. CXXIII. 335 
The d tic Plato seems a different person from 
elenctic Plato, 

+ Elenctical, 2. Os. Also 7 (incorrectly) 
elenchtical. tf prec.+-AL.] Pertaining to elen- 
chus, con with logical refutation, 

1615 Curry-C. for Coxe-C. i. 70 His next Chapter is 
wholy Elenchticall. 1646 Wirxins Ecclesiastes § 2 (T.) 
Elenchtical .. which is usually called an use of confutation. 


» 1699 Burnet 39 Art, vi. te7om) 87 In these Writings some 


ts are.. or Arg tive, 1721-1800 in 

AILEY. 1847 in Craic; and in mod, Dicts. 

+ Evlende. Os. rare—'. [a. Ger. elend, Du. 
eland : cf. coset * An elk. 

1697 Phil. Trans. XIX. 502 That sort of Animal call’d 
the Alche, Elche, or Elende. 


ELEPHANT. 


Erlenge, 2. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 1-3 
élenge, 3 elinge, (4 eling, elyng(e, helynge, 
perio 9 dial. ellinge), 2-6, 9 dial. 
elenge. ALANGE, q.v. [OE. , f. AB 
Ke. + *lenge — oats *langjo- £. *lango- — a. 
two etymo! senses of ‘ very | ious 
and ‘remote, lonely’, seem to blend in’ the later 
uses. Chaucer abnormally accents e/e‘nge (riming 
with sails a 
+1. Very long, tedious. Oés. 
¢897 ZELFRED craerys Past. v. 40 pxt hie biod on zlen- 
Singum.. ize. c1430 A BC Aristotlein Babees 
Be ) 1x eo slange, nate caceian ie enrnestel: 
) aeaigte: lonely; dreary, miserable. Ods. exc. 


Elyng is pe halle. .Per pe lorde ne pe lady liketh nou3te to 
te. 1386 roar ie Wyf Bathes T. pos Povert is this, 
henge 5 ae ee uF Jeng linge). 
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 341 Lanfrank leet neuere 
a man goo from oer sory. ¢ 1400 967 
Why do yee thus? this is an elyng fare. @ OccLeve 
De Reg. Princ. 1008 His labour to hym is elengere. 
— eynard (1844) 65 We goo not into another foreste, 
where we sholde be strange, and elenge. Ray S. §& Z. 
Country Was. 65 Ellinge. 1858 Murray's Hand-bk. Kent 
Introd. 32 The fairies..may still be.. heard of in the more 
‘elenge ’ (lonely) places of the Downs. 1875 Parisu Sussex 
Gloss.s.v. Ellynge,’Tis a terrible ellynge, lonesome old house. 

“| 3. Explained in Dicts. as ‘strange, fonts ¢ 

Bie in Puitiirs. 1721 in Battey; and in . Dicts. 

+ E-lengely, a. and adv. Obs. In 4 elenge-, 
eling-, elyngelich(e, 8 elengelick. [f. ELENcE 
+-LY¥ 1 and 2, 

A. adj. Solitary, cheerless, miserable. B. adv. 
Drearily, miserably. 

c1305 Land Cokayne 15 Elinglich..may hi go, Whar 
wonip men nomo, 1 now, P. Pl. B. xu. 45 Alisaundre, 
that al wan Elengeliche ended. 1 Ibid. C. xxu1. 38 
Filosofres. .wonede wel elyngeliche and wolden nat be riche. 
1721-61 BaiLey, Elengelick, strangely or miserably. Old. 

+ Evlengenesse. Ods. Also 4 elangenes, 6 
ellingness. [f. ELENGE + -NESS.] Loneliness, 
dreariness, misery. 

¢ 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1735 His seriaunts .. of alangenes 
him undernome. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv1. liv. 
(Tollem. MS.) Jacinctus virtu of comforte, and 
awey elengenesse. c1g00 Kom. Rose 7408 She hada.. 
scrippe of faint distresse, That full was of elengenesse. 
a 1536 Hen. VIII Let. in Select. fr. Harl. Misc. (1793) 147 
‘The great ellingness that I find here since your departing. 

Eleolite, -lith, var. forms of EL®oxITE. 

Eleot. ? 0s. A kind of apple. 

1676 Wortince Cyder (1691) 208 Eleots are apples much 
in request in those Cider. ies for their lent liquor. 
1731-1800 in BarLey, 1755 in JoHNsoN. 1775 in Asn; and 
in mod. Dicts. i 

+E-lephancy. 0és. [ad. L. elephantia, f. 
elephas, elephant-is, ELEPHANT.] = ELEPHANTIASIS. 

[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. Ixiv. 495) One 

and hyght Ele- 
which 


of M 
Shansia, Peps Ween veces a 
of myne auctoure is in Latyne M Elephancie.} 
1547 Boorve Brev, Health cxiv. 43 In Englyshe it is 
named the Ele; , or the OL t sicknesse, 1601 
Hottann Péiny I. 318 For the leprosie, je, and all 
gouts or diseases of the ioynts. x67 - Cores Adam 
— clvi, Cancer, Elephancy and foul diseases of the 

Elephant (el/fant). Forms: a. 4-6 oli-, 
olyfaunte, (4 //. olifauns, -fauntz), 4 olyfont, 
-funt, 5-6 olifant(e, 4 olephaunte, 5-6 oly- 
phaunt, 4-7 oli-, olyphant(e. 8. 4 elifans, 
4-5 ele-, elyphaunt(e, 5 elefaunte, 6 eliphant, 

elephante, 6-elephant. [ME. edé/aunt, a. 
oF. olifant, repr. a popular L. *o/ifantu-m (whence 
Pr. olifan; cf. MDu. olfant, Bret. olifant, Welsh 
oliffant, Com, oliphans, which may be all from ME. 
or OFr.), corrupt form of L. e/ephantum, elephan- 
tem (nom. elephantus, -phas, -phans), ad. and a. Gr. 
érépas (gen. ¢Aépayros). The refashioning of the 
word after Lat. seems to have taken place earlier 
in Eng. than in Fr., the Fr. forms with ¢/- being 
cited way. from 15th c. 7 re 

i not! known. 

uc. Done yay eg ey ies in sense ‘ivory’) in 
Homer and Hesiod, it seems that it can be, as some 
have supposed, of Indian origin. resemblance in sound 
to Heb. FON edeph ‘ox’ has given rise to a suggestion of 
derivation from fepand: keveses - 3 Punic compound of that 


oltva, ad, Gr. €Aaov, édala, 

1. A huge quadruped of the Pachydermate order, 
having long curving ivory tusks, and a prehensile 
trunk or proboscis. Of several species once dis- 
tributed over the world, including Britain, only 
two now exist, the Indian and African ; the former 
(the largest of extant land animals) is often used 
as a beast of burden, and in war. , 


ELEPHANT. 


¢1300 K, Adis. 854 Olifauns, and camelis, Weoren y- 
charged with vitailes. 1340 Ayenb, 84 Virtue makep man.. 
strang ase olyfont. /édid. 224 Pe elifans nele na3t wonye 
mid his wyue, berhuyle pet hi is mid childe. ¢ 1374 Cuav- 
cer Boeth, ut. viii. 80 Mayst pou sourmounten pise olifuntz 
in tnesse. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P, R. Vv. xxviii. 
(1495) 138 The elyphaunt hath a longe nose lyke a trompe. 
¢ 1400 Maunpbev. xxii, 238 Olifauntz, tame and othere. 1430 
Lyne. Chron. Troy. xi, Elyphauntes and large Unicornes 

.. Forged of brasse. 148x Caxton Myrr. u. vi. 75 An 
olyphaunt bereth wel a tour of woode vpon his backe. 15.. 
Proph. on State of Eng. in Furniv. Ballads fr. MSS. 1. 316 
ffor the Sklaunderyng of the Olyfaunte with the long nose. 
1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 383 The elephante (which 
sum caule an oliphant) is the biggest of all foure footed 
beastes. 1570 B. Gooce Pop. Kingd, 11. (1880) 24 b, Of Flyes 
they able are to make, ig! Eliphants in sight. 1606 Suaks. 
Tr. & Cr. u. iii. 113 The Elephant hath ioynts, but none 
for curtesie. 1667 Mitton P, L. tv. 345 Th’ unwieldy Ele- 
phant To make them Mirth. .wreath’d His Lithe Proboscis. 
1727 THOMSON Summer 721 The huge Elephant, wisest of 
brutes. 1857 Livincstone 7vav. xxvili. 563 Full-grown male 
elephants .. ranged in height at the withers from g feet 
9 inches to g feet 10 inches. 

Jig. of a man of huge stature. 

1606 Suaks. 77. § C7. 1. iii. 2 Shall the Elephant Aiax 

carry it thus? 
ce. Elephant’s teeth (i.e. tusks): ivory. 

1 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xiv. xxxiil. (1495) 480 
Salomons seruauntes broughte .. elephauntes teeth. 1483 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 73/3 The nauye of the kynge..brouht.. 
teeth of Olyphauntes and grete richesses. 1562 Lavc. 
Wills 1. (1857) 183 A sett of chest men of oliphants teeth, 
1657 R. Licon Barébadoes (1673) 2 A Frigot .. her Lading 
Gold and Elephants teeth, 

2. White elephant. a. (see quot.). b. fig. A 
burdensome or costly possession (from the story 
that the kings of Siam were accustomed to make 
a present of one of these animals to courtiers who 
had rendered themselves obnoxious, in order to 
ruin the recipient by the cost of its maintenance). 

1663 H. C[ocan] tr. Pinto’s Travels xlviii. 274 The white 
elephant whereon he [the ie of Siam] was mounted. 
1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 451/2 White elephants.. are kept 
in the stables of the king [of Siam], and treated with a kind 
of veneration. 1883 Crorr in Elyot’s Governor 1. Life 60 
Elyot regarded this new dignity much as the gift of a white 
elephant. 

3. As the sign of an inn; the modern ‘Elephant 
and Castle’. 

x6or Suaxs. wed. N. ut. iii. 39 In the South Suburbes, 
at the Elephant, Is best to lodge. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho., 
(C. D. ed.) xxvii. 235 The far-famed Elephant who has lost 
his castle, 

+4. a. Ivory [after L. elephantus}. b. A horn 
or trumpet of ivory [after OFr. olifant]. Obs. 

¢1300 K. Adis. 1182 To mouth he set his olifaunt. 1615 
Cuapman Odyss. x1x.77 A chair..The substance silver and 
rich elephant. 1698 Drypen Virg. A4ineid i. 595 Heavy 
Gold, and polished Elephant. 1725 Pore Odyss. xx1. 10 
The handle. . With steel and polish’d elephant adorn’d. 

5. A Danish Order of Knighthood. 

1703 Lond. Gaz, No. 3895/2 The King of Denmark con- 
ferred the Order of the Elephant upon the Duke of Meck- 
lembourg. 1751 CHambers Cyc/,, Its badge. .is an elephant, 
with a castle on its back, set with diamonds, and hung on 
a watered sky-coloured ribband, like the George in England. 
.. In 1189 ..a gentleman among the Danish croisees 
killed an elephant ; in memory of which .. the order was 
erected. 1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 4o1/t The orders of 
knighthood [in Denmark] are the order of the Elephant, etc, 

6. Sea elephant: a species of Seal (Aacro- 
rhinus proboscideus), the males of which have the 
snout somewhat prolonged. 

1798 Naval Chron. (1799) 1. 254 The sea elephant .. has 
been rather scarce. 1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 165 Macror- 
hinus proboscideus .. Sea-Elephant and Elephant-Seal of 
the English. : : 

+7. A species of lizard mentioned by Pliny. Ods. 

160rx Hottanp Pliny II. 451 Black Elephants .. which 
be the black kind of the Lizards. 1608 ToprseLt Serpents 
718 There be. .serpents called ‘ Esécbents ’, because whom- 
soever they bite they infect with a kinde of leprosie. 

+ 8. [after Pg. elephante: see ELEPHANTA.] ‘A 
name given originally by the Portuguese to violent 
storms occurring at the termination, though some 
travellers describe it as at the setting in, of the 
Monsoon’ (Yule). Oés. 

[1554 Sidi Adi 75 (Y.) The kind of storm is known under 
the name of the Hilsphants it blows from the west.] 1616 
Sir T, Ror in Purchas Pilgr. 1. 549 (Y.) The 2oth day 
(August), the night past fell a storme of raine called the 
Oliphant, vsuall at going out of the raines. 1703 Art's 
Improv. Introd. 26 Eighthly, Of Winds, and storms at Sea; 
as Trades-Winds, Huricanes.. Elephants, Monsoons, 

9. Bot. A species of Scabious. 

id’ in Hatuiw. 1878 Brirren & Hott. Plant-n. | 

10. (more fully elephant-paper): A size of 
drawing and cartridge paper measuring 28 x 23 
inches. Double elephant: a similar paper mea- 
suring 40 x 264 inches. 

1702 Lond. Gaz. Wo 3814/4 On two large sheets of Ele- 
phant Paper. 1716 /did. No. 54! 3/4 The fine Imperial will 
not be sold under 72... and the Elephant 3¢. ¢ 1790 Imison 
Sch, Art 1. 238 A sheet of the largest elephant paper. 1807 
Opre Lect. Art iv. (1848) 323 Writing .. upon .. double ele- 
phant.. paper. = Jevons Elem, Logic iv, 35 Elephant 
in a stationer’s .. S| °F means a large kind of paper. 1880 
Daily Tel. 3 Dec., ‘ Elephant folio’. .that is to say, of the 

lest portfolio size. 

Il. attrié. and Comb., as elephant-horn, -keeper, 
-killer, -shed; elephant-headed, -like adjs. Also 


85 


elephant-bed (see quot.); elephant-beetle, some 
South American beetle, prob. Dynastes Neptunus ; 
the name has also been applied to the African 
species Goliathus giganteus and G. cacicus; ele- 
phant’s breath, a shade of colour, light steel grey ; 
elephant-fish (see quot.) ; elephant-gravel, gravel 
containing remains of elephants ; elephant hawk- 
moth (see quot.); elephant-leg = ELEPHANTIASIS; 
elephant-paper (see 10); elephant-seal = Sea- 
elephant (see 6); elephant-shrew (see quot.); 
elephant-trumpet (see 4); elephant’s-tusks, 
a genus of gasteropodous molluscs belonging to 
the family Dentalidx or tooth-shells. 

1887 Woopwarp Geol. Eng. §& Wales 519 The *Elephant 
Bed [at Brighton] first described by Dr. Mantell is pro- 
vincially termed Combe rock..it contains remains ot 
Elephas primigenius, etc. 1774 GotvsmitH Nat. Hist. 
(1776) VIII. 139 The *Elephant-beetle .. is found in.. 
Guiana and Surinam. 1777 Hentyin PAzl. Trans. LXVII. 
123 Thigh of the elephant beetle. 1884 Casse//’s Fam. Mag. 
Mar. 246/2 Dressed in grey, the shade known as ** elephant’s 
breath’, 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1283 Fish. .known to 
seamen by the name of “elephant fish. 1867 SmytH Sailor's 
Word-bk., Elephant-jish, the Chimera _callorhynchus 
named from the proboscis-like process on its nose. 1852 
E. Forses Let. in Life Forbes xiv. 505 The newer *elephant- 
gravel of these parts. 17e Luspock Sez. Lect. ii. 52 Chero- 
campa elpenor, the elephant hawk-moth. 1854 F. Hatu 
Rdja-ntti Notes 1 *Elephant-headed .. GanesSa, fulfil my 
desires, 1884 191 Cent. Feb. 252 A dozen *elephant-horns 
heralded forth that the royal party were in motion. 1799 
Corse in Phil. Trans, LXXXIX. 210 Besides these, the 
*elephant-keepers notice other varieties, which are less dis- 
tinct. 1607 ToprseLt Serpents 703 Neither have they any 
other name for those Dragons but *Elephant-killers. @ 1603 
‘T. CartwriGHT ky fo Rhem. N. T.(1618) 500 Your knees 
..are ioyntlesse and *Elephant-like in your obedience unto 
his precepts. 1859 J. Lanc Wand. Judia 261 Her tomb .. 
had been taken away bodily, to pave the *elephant shed. 
1868 Woop Homes without H. i, 15 The “Elephant Shrew 
of Southern Africa (Macroscelides typicus) a thick-furred, 
long-snouted, short-eared burrower. 

b. Also in the names of various plants, as 
elephant-apple (see quot.) ; elephant -creeper, 
(Argyreia speciosa) ; elephant’s ear, the Begonia ; 
elephant’s foot, a species of Yam ( Zestudinaria 
elephantipes); elephant’s-grass, a kind of reed- 
mace (Z7ypha elephantum); elephant’s-trunk- 
plant, elephant’s-vine (see quot.). 

1866 Treas. Bot., Feronia. The Wood-apple or Elephant- 
apple tree of India, 7. elephantum, is the only species 
belonging to this genus of Aurantiaceae. 1884 MILLER 
Plant-n., Elephant’s-ear. The genus begonia, 1872 OLIVER 
Elem. Bot, u. 271 Testudinaria elephantipes..¥rom the 
appearance of the rhizome it is called ‘ Elephant’s foot’ at 
the Cape of Good Hope. 1884 Mitter Plant-n., Elephant’s- 
trunk-plant, Martynia proboscidea, Ibid, Elephant’s Vine, 
Cissus latifolia. 

Elephanta. Also (corruptly) elephanter. 
[a. Pg. elephante: see quot. 1698.] = ELEPHANT 8. 

[1698 Fryer Acc. E. India § P. 48 (Yule) We are now 
winding about the South-West part of Ceilon ; where we 
have the Tail of the Elephant full in our mouth; a constel- 
lation by the Portugals called Rabo del Elephanto, known 
for the breaking up of the Munsoons, which is the last 
Flory this season makes.] 1725 J. ReyNotps View Death 
(1735) 24 Till..Enters th’ elephanta with thundring noise. 
1772 Grose Voy. E. Indies 1, 33 (Y.) The setting in of the 
rains is commonly ushered in by a violent thunderstorm, 
generally called the Elephanta. 1852 Life in Bombay 104 
A tremendous burst of thunder and lightning, termed the 
Elephanta .. The heavy thunderclouds .. apparently form 
directly over the Island of Elephanta. 1867 Smytu Sailor's 
Word-bk., Elephanter, a heavy periodical rain of Bombay. 

Elephantiac (eléferntitk). [ad. L. elephan- 
tiacus, {. elephantia: see ELEPHANCY.] One who 
is affected with elephantiasis. 

1868 Kincstey Hermits 103 Thou elephantiac .. wilt 
thou not stop shouting blasphemies? 

|| Elephantiasis (e:l/fantoi-asis). [L. edephan- 
tiasts, a. Gr. Aepavtiagcis, f. éhépas, ELEPHANT.] 
The name given to various kinds of cutaneous 
disease, which produce in the part affected a re- 
semblance to an elephant’s hide. The best known 
are: a. E. Grecorum, a tubercular disease, often 
identified with Eastern leprosy; b. 2. Arabum, 
called also Elephant Leg, and in the W. Indies 
Barbadoes Leg, which produces an induration and 
darkening of the skin, chiefly on the leg. 

= Mutcaster Positions x. (1887) 57 Egyptian lepre, 
called Elephantiasis, 1 Rivctey Pract, Physick 111 
Elephantiasis of the Arabians, is a swelling of the Foot, 
wan, and looks like an Elephants Foot. 1 SouTHEy 
Espriella’s Lett. (1814) U1. 275 Those [letters] which should 
be thin look as if they had the elephantiasis. 1869 W. M. 
Rossett1 Mem. Shelley Introd. 45 Shelley had a fancy.. 
that he was about to be visited with elephantiasis, 

Elephantic (el/fe'ntik), 2. and sé. [ad. L. 
elephanticus, f. elephas ELEPHANT. 

A. adj. Pertaining to or resembling an elephant ; 
huge, ponderous ; = ELEPHANTINE. Now rare, 

1598 E. Giprn S#iad. (1878) 31 And speaking painters ex- 
cuse Titian, For his Ioues loves; and Elephanticke vaine. 
1766 G. Canninc Anti-Lucretius 1. 194 Give those a sting, 
or elephantic snout. 1835 Vew lyse an Solon XLIII. 85 
The fervent lightness of Lewis, the elephantic ponderosity 
of Cooke. , 

+ B. sb, = ELEPHANTIASIS. Obs. rare, 


ELEUTHERARCH. 


1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W.) 1v. 332 b/1 A man.. 
was seke of a maladye called elephantyke. 

Elepharnticide, xonce-wd. [See -c1pr.] The 
killing of an elephant. 

1855 /dlust. Lond. News 28 July 126/2 Elephanticide 
seems the order of the day. 

Elephantide, rare. [irreg. f. ELEPHANT.] A 
person affected with elephantiasis. 

1843 Borrow Bible in Spain xxvii. 161 Lawsuits .. from 
- elephantides having been buried with other dead. 

Elephantine (celéfeentain, -tin), @ [ad. L. 
elephantin-us, a. Gr. éhepavtivos, f. @A€pas ELE- 
PHANT.] 

1. Of or pertaining to an elephant, or elephants. 
Llephantine epoch (Geol.): the period marked by 
the abundance of large pachydermata. 

1675 Hosses Odyssey (1677) 239 Find a word of truth you 
never will In those that come through th’ elephantine 
tooth, a@171x Ken Edmund Poet Wks. 1721 II. 26 Their 
Garment was an Elephantine Hide. 1767 Hunter Fossil 
Bones in Phil, Trans. LVI. 46 It was true elephantine 
ivory. @1794 Sir W. Jones Tales (1807) 180 Chaste ele- 
phantine bone By min’rals ting’d. 1862 Huxvey Lect. 
Wrkg. Men 145 An elephantine mammal. 1875 Wonders 
Phys. World I. 1v. 300 Fossil elephantine remains. 

Elephant - like, resembling an elephant in 
action or manner; clumsy, unwieldy. 

1845 Hoop Remonst. Ode ii, While poor elephantine I 
pick up a sixpence. 1860 Hottanp Miss Gilbert ix. 146 
Cattle. .frisked in ungraceful, elephantine play. 1881 Macw:. 
Mag. XLIV. 478/2 The good-humour and somewhat ele- 
phantine spirits of the others were quite inexhaustible. 

8. Resembling an elephant in size or strength; 
(of a task) requiring the strength of an elephant. 

1630 Braruwair Eng. Gentlew. (1641) 279 Wearing great 
sleeves, mishapen elephantine bodies, trains sweeping the 
earth. 1662 Futter Worthies (1840) II. 286 This elephan- 
tine birth [a book of seven volumes]. 1788 Westry IW&s. 
(1872) VII. 24 Let there be..no elephantine hats or bonnets. 
1849 StoveL Canne’s Necess. Introd. 81 Elephantine as its 
strength appeared .. its back was broken. 1880 Sat. Kev. 
20 Mar. 387 The task of reviewing a dictionary must needs 
be elephantine. 

4. Elephantine Leprosy : = ELEPHANTIASIS. vare. 

1843 Borrow Bible tx Spain xxvii. 161 Sad is leprosy in 
all its forms, but most so when elephantine. 

5. Rom. Antig. (see quot. 1751). Also allusive. 

1695 Lp. Preston Boeth. 11. 99 My Eye into each page 
shall look Of the Elephantine Book [xo¢e, the Book of Na- 
ture], 1751 Cuambers Cycl., Elephantine..applied to cer- 
tain books of the ancient Romans, wherein were recorded 
the transactions of the emperors, and the proceedings, acts, 
etc. of the senate. They were called elephantine, because 
composed of ivory leaves, or tablets. 

Elephantoid (eléfentoid), a. [f. Gr. éd€pas, 
éXépavro-s ELEPHANT +-e5ys like (cf. Gr. éAe- 
gpavtwdns): see -OID.] a. Elephant-like. b. Of 
or belonging to elephant-like animals. So Ele- 
phantoidal, a. 

1841 TRIMMER Pract. Geol. 407 No elephantoid remains. 
1856 Pace Adv. Text-bk, Geol. xix. (1870) 371 True ele- 
phantoid genera, as the.. mammoth. 1857 H. Miter 
Test. Rocks ii. 89 The Mastodon, an elephantoid animal. 

Elephantry (el/fantri). [f. ELepHanr +-ry, 
after cavalry.] Troops mounted on elephants. 

1747 W. Horstey Fool We herd II. No. 83. 258 Before we 
took the Field, we demolished our Elephantry, 1858 F. 
Hatt in Yourn. Amer. Orient. Soc. (1861) VII. 40 That is 
to say, elephantry, cavalry, and infantry. 

E-lophantship. humorous. [f. ELEPHANT + 
-sHip.] The personality of an elephant. 

1882 Daily News 23 Mar. 5/5 Her elephantship [Alice] 
was not found in hysterics. ; 

+ E-leszew. Ods. [f. OE. ele oil + séaw, Suw sb., 
juice.) Oil. 

¢ 1200 OrmIN 924 Braed..smeredd wel wibp elesew. Jbid. 
8667 Drihhtinn se33p .. tatt te shall bin elesew Lasstenn. 

+ Blescophe. Obs. [Corruptly ad. Gr. #Atooxd- 
mos, -ov.] Some medicinal plant, ?Sun Spurge 
(Euphorbia Helioscopiun). 

162x Burton Anat. Mel. u. iv. u. iii. (1676) 237/2 Rubarbe, 
Agaricke, Elescophe, &c..are not so proper to this humour. 

lest, var. of ee-/ist, EYE-LIst: see EYE. 

+ Eslet. Ods. exc. dial, [app. identical with OF. 
é#led, also alet (Grein) fire: see Exp sb.1] Fuel. 

cx200 Trix. Coll. Hom. 119 Fir haued on him pre mihtes 
on to giuende hete, oder to giuende liht, pridde to wel- 
dende elet to none pinge. c1320 Sir Beues 3264 Wip oute 
pe toun hii piz3te a stake Par pe fur was i-make .. Pai fette 
wode and elet. 1847-78 Hattiw. E/e¢, fuel; ollit. Wa/ts. 

Eleusinian (elizsiniin), [f. L. edewsini-us 
(Gr. éAevoinos) belonging to Eleusis+-an.] Be- 
longing to Eleusis in Attica. Zleusinian mys- 
teries the mysteries of Demeter there celebrated ; 
also fig. Hence Eleusi‘nianism (xonce-wd.). 

1643 Mitton Divorce Wks. 1738 I. 190 Eleusinian Mys- 
teries, that no man can utter what they mean, 1841-4 
Emerson Ess. xx. Wks. (Bohn) I, 250 The Eleusinian mys- 
teries .. show that there always were seeing and knowing 
men in the planet. 1857 Chaméd, F¥rni, VII. 226 The eleu- 
sinianism of bonnetdom. 

Eleu‘'therarch. vare. [f. Gr. érebOepos free 
+ -apxns ruler.] The chief of an (imaginary) 
secret society called ‘ the Eleutheri’. 

1813 T. 0; Hoce Alexy Haimatoff 178, The Eleutherarch 
..asked if they had any objection to my being initiated in 
the mysteries of the Eleutheri, 1813 SHettey Le?, 26 Nov. 
in Contemp. Rev, (1884) 387 The Swans and the Eleutherarchs 


“a 


ELEUTHERIAN. 
's that you were a little =r. ome Bo Peacock 


86 


1618 Row.anps Sacred Mem. 30 But they the more do 


are 
Nightmare Ab. He slept .. 
eleutherarchs. = 


Eleuthe‘rian, ¢. rare. [f. Gr. AevOép-os of 
same meaning (f. édevOep-os free) + -an.] The 
title of Zeus as protector of political freedom. 

1623 Cockeram, Eleutherian, a deliverer. 1801 SouTHEY 
7 1. xii, Where the family of Greece Hymn’d Eleu- 
therian Jove. ; 

Eleutherism (/li7poriz’m). [f. Gr. AcvOep-os 
free+-1sM.] Zeal for freedom. sine 

1802 W. Taytor in Robberds Mem. I. 435 A Miltonic 
swell of diction and eleutherism of sentiment. 1803 Ann. 
Rev. 1. 360 Ever since the American war, eleutherism had 
been the fashion of Europe. : 

Eleuthero- (/lid*paro), combining form of Gr. 
édeUOepos free: Eleu'theroma‘nia ha Mania], 
mad zeal for freedom. Eleu:theroma‘niac a. 
[see Manrac], one possessed by a mad zeal for 
freedom. Also in botanical compounds, as Eleu:- 
therope-talous [Gr. 7éraAoyv leaf], Bleu:thero- 
phy‘llous [Gr. pAdov leaf], Eleu:therose-pa- 
lous [see SEPAL] adjs., having the petals, leaves, 
sepals, free, z.¢. distinct, not cohering. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. m. iv. Nothing but insubordi- 
nation, eleutheromania, confused, unlimited opposition in 
their heads. /éd. I. u. v, Eleutheromaniac philosophedom 
grows ever more clamorous. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi.§ 5. 
245 Eleutheropetalous..has..been used for polypetalous. 
+E-levable, a. Obs. rare—'. [a. Fr. dlévable, 
f. lever, (see next).] That can be elevated. 

— H. More Remarks upon two Ingen. Disc. 164 The 
Embolus .. being elevable near to the top of the Laton 
Syringe or pump. 1691 Ep. TayLor Behmen's Aurora xxiii. 
256 Not accensible nor elevable. 

Elevate (eliveit), pa. pple. and ppl.a. Also 4-5 
eleuat(e, (5 eliuate), 6 elevat. [ad. L. cevat-us, 
pa. pple. of éevd-re to elevate.] Used as pa. pple. 
of ELEVATE ; also= ELEVATED f#/. a.; in various 
senses. From 18th c. only foet. 
¢139r Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 23, This is to seyn, as many 
degrees as thy pool is eleuat, so michel is the latitude of the 
Regioun. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 227 If that ston be 
oon say .. by what arte hit was elevate. 1509 Hawes 
Examp. Virt. vii. 134 He in rychesse shall be so eleuate. 
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge (1848) 125 The graue was, 
opened, eleuat was the chest. 1598 Stow Surv. xxix. (1603) 
259 A Tombe eleuate and arched. 1 Mitton P. L. 1. 
559 In thoughts more elevate. 1673 R. Leicn 7ransf. 
Reh. 22 This is elevate, this is the new way of writing. 
1676 Hatiey in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) 1. 228 St. 


Helena. .where the south pole is considerably elevate. 1742 | 


Younc Nt. Th. u. 350 Souls elevate, angelic, wing’d with 
fire. 1814 SoutHey Roderick v1, Elevate Amid the thou- 
sands. .above their heads upraised. 1873 Browninc Red Cott. 
Night-C. 1638 There had been shaggy eyebrows elevate. 

Elevate (eliveit), v. Also 6 ellevate, eleuate. 
[f. L. devat- ppl. stem of élevare, f. & out + levd-re 
(related to /evis light) to render light, lighten, 
hence, to lift, raise.] 

+1. 1. trans. To lighten, lessen the weight of; 
to depreciate, extenuate. Obs. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helth (1541) 35 a, Custome from chyld- 
hode doth eleuate the power of meates and drynkes. c15 
Tuynne Pride & Lowl. (1841) 5 Cato .. dooth their credit 
ellevate, As thing whereof but small regard he tooke. 1609 
Hottanp Livy xiv. xliv. 1199 b, [The Consul] forgat not to 
elevate as much ashe could, the fame of the foresaid unhappie 
field. 1624 Br. Mountacu Gagg 94 To avoide or elevate 
the censure of the church .. [t a procured letters depre- 
catory. 1788 V. Knox Winter Even. II. v. xii. 195 Instead 
of exalting our idea of the Deity they elevate or lower it. 

II. To raise, lift up. 

2. To raise above the usual position, or above 
the level of surrounding objects. Also bis: 

1497 e Atxox Mons Perfectionis Cj20/2 Obedyence .. 
openeth heuens it eleuatith a man fro the erth dweller with 
angels. 1607 TorsELL clef a Beasts 350 This first picture of 
the Ichneumon was taken by Bellonius, except the back be 
too much elevated. 1797 M. Bamire Morb. Anat. (1807) 61 
Unless the head .. be more or less elevated from the hori- 
zontal posture. 1830 J. G. Strutt Sy/va Brit. 4 The cha- 
racter..of the Oak is rather to extend its arms, than elevate 
its head. 1858 Larpner /landbk. Nat. Phil. 109 The rope 
by which the bucket is elevated. 1878 Huxiry Physiogr. 
186 The land in the Bay of Concepcion had been elevated 
to the extent of four or five feet. * 

b. To hold up to view. Now only with refer- 
ence to the Mass: To lift up (the Host) for the 


adoration of the people. 
1637 Gutespre Eng. Pop. Cerem, m.ii. 32 When the hoste 
is elevated in the celebration of the Masse. 1649 J, Kent 


t their voyce. 1816 [See ‘ATED ffl. a. 2.) Mod. 
It is unnecessary to elevate your voice. 
A. To raise in direction, direct upwards. 

a. To raise (one’s ), direct (glances) up- 
wards; fig. to ‘lift up’ (one’s hopes, thoughts) 
to a higher object. 

cx61r Suaxs. Wint. T. v. ii, 82 One Eye declin’d for 
the losse of her Hi another eleuated, that the Oracle 
was fulfill’d. 1818 Jas. Mivt Brit. /ndia 11.1v. iv. 143 The 
English now elevated their hopes to the recovery of the 
province. 

b. Gunnery. To raise the axis of (a gun, etc.) 
to an angle with the horizon. 

1692 in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. ui. xxi. 134 Put in 


ELEVATION. 
tion. 1873 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 120 One of the most 


* Farmer’ 4 ene 
ur's Bey 1 ae Se Psreotey 
of the men a RS. 


condition of being elevated. 
1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 27 So 


uatedly haue I praid f ing ond oe 
for © , Ele- 
ted! ediness, 2 beng tht op ae aa. 


your Bullet with a Wad after it, if the Piece be not 
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) Hh b, The mortar must 
be more elevated. 1859 F. Grirrrtus Artil. Man (1862) 112 
No. 2 searches, —— rams home, elevates. 

5. To raise, exalt in rank or status. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxvu. xix, For riche mennes 
goodes I muste ofte translate, Unto the poore, them for to 
elevate. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. lxxxv. (1612) 351 
Nathak, who, eleuated, altered from _vertuous to most 
vaine. 1709 STEELE 7atler No. 56 P 2 Footmen, Fiddlers, 
and Lacqueys, are elevated into Companions in this p' 

Age. 1713 — Englishman No. 2. 10 We like nothing 
but what will .. elevate us above our Neighbours. 1835 
Lytton Rienzi 1. i, See what liberty exists in Rome, when 
we, the patricians, thus elevate a plebeian. 

+b. To extol or magnify (in praise). Ods. 

1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge (1848) 48 With reverence 
hym elevate. 

6. To raise in a moral or intellectual sense. 

1624 GaTAKER 7ransubst. 89 To elevate our minde id 
faith. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 79 P 9 Choose Books whic 
elevate the Mind above the World. Mrs. Stowe Uncle 
Tom's C. xxiii. 229 You might as well set Mount A2tna on 
them flat, and tell them to stand up under it, as tell me to 
elevate my servants with all the superincumbent mass of 
society bs them. a 1867 Buckie Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 63 
There is hardly any virtue which so elevates our character, 
as moral courage. 1883 H. Drummonp Nat. Law in Spir. 
W. iii, (1884) 98 The attempt to elevate the race has been 
mysteriously thwarted. 

7. Toelate,exhilarate. Somewhatrarein mod. use. 

1634 Malory’s Arthur (1816) I. 173, | wasso elevated. .inmy 
heart. 1709 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 483 Being ele- 
vated by the terror he had struck into the enemy .. [he] re- 
solved to advance and fight them. 1725 De For Voy. round 
W. (1840) 34 He seemed extremely pleased at this, and 
even elevated. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India 11.1. ii. 77 
The French, elevated by this advantage, reinforced their 
victorious party. A 

b. spec. of the effects of liquor. Now humorous 
or slang. 

a1704 I. Brown Wes. (1760) I. 194 (D.) We were all ele- 
vated above the use of our legs as well as our reason. 1 
Brit. Mag. 1V. 372, 1, being elevated with liquor. 1 
‘Quiz’ Grand Master vin. 230 But with the jumping-powder 
heated, He got completely — elevated. 1844 Dickens 
Mart. Chuz.ix.(C. D. ed.) 94 His depth of feeling is mis- 
understood. He is aippioat to be a little elevated ; and 
nobody heeds him. 

Elevated (e'live'téd), fbi. a. [f. ELEVATE v.] 

1. Raised up; (of buildings, etc.) reared aloft ; 
(of the hands) uplifted ; (Geog.) situated at a high 
level. Elevated pole (see quot.). Elevated ratl- 
way: a railway supported on pillars above the 
street-level. 

1553 Even Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 32 The south pole is 
there eleuated fortie & syxe degrees. 1615 Crooxe Body 
of Man 434 The intelligible faculty of the Soule, as the 

ueene and Princesse of the rest should sit in an eleuated 
Tribunall. — Hosnes Leviath. ut. xiii. 290 To elect .. 
by plurality of elevated hands. 1674 Ch. & Court of Rome 
7 The idolatrous Worship of the elevated Wafer. 1774 
Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) 1. 200 Rivers have their source 
either in mountains, or elevated lakes. 1856 STANLEY 
Sinai § Pail. i. (1858) 11 Um Shaumer, the most elevated 
summit of the whole range. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word- 
bk., Elevated Pole, that..pole which is above the horizon. 

+b. Of vapours: Raised by heat. Ods. 

1715 tr, Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 11. viii. 322 Distillation 
-.Whereby elevated Fumes. .are resolv’d into Waters, Oils. 

ec. fig. Exalted in rank. 

1665-9 Bove Occas. Re.» So elevated a station is apt to 
make men giddy. 1835 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 545 The 
most elevated position among English su’ 

2. trans/. Of the voice, of temperature. 

1816 Scorr Amtig. i, With an elevated voice. 1878 Hux- 
Ley Physiogr.76 If the liquid metal be kept. .at an elevated 
temperature. : é k 

3. Math. Of an equation: Involving high powers 
of the unknown quantity. 


in Ellis Orig. Lett. 11. ILI. 342 A rogue of a 
after his head was prod from his sacred body, elevated 
it publicly to the people. 1660 R. Coxe Power § Suby. 
243 She [the Queen] had forbidden the Archbishop..to ele- 
vate the Host for adoration. a 

+e. To rear or raise (by building). Ods. 

3798 Ferrtar Eng. Historians 243 On northern side 
of the choir, was el one of those lofty, conical towers. 

+d. Of the action of heat: To raise in the form 
of vapour; to evaporate or sublime. Oés. 

1607 WALKINGTON Ot. Glass 28 The damping fumes that 
the Sun elevates from bogges. 1665-9 Bovte Occas. Ref. 
IV. xii. (679) 2 The Sun has by its. . Beams elevated thi 
Water in the form of Vapours. 5 ree 
Qual., These volatile particles of with the Salts 
wherewith. wereelevated. 1715 [see Exevaren 1 b]. 

3. transf. To raise (the woive). 


184 J. R. Younc Math. Dissert. mi. 138 Whenever. .the 
proposed equation is of an elevated . 1854 Boo.e 
Laws Thought i. 17 When that equation is of an elevated 


d 

i a. Astrol. b. Her. (see quots.). 

1721-1800 BaiLey, Elevated, a Planet is said to be elevated 
above another, when bei pocey it weakens the Influ- 
ence of the other. 173 ‘Teid. vol. I, Elevated in Heraldry 

. signifies the points of them [wings] turned upwards, 
which is the true flying posture. 

5. Exalted in character, style, and tone; lofty, 
sublime ; dignified. 


1604 T. Wricut Pass. 1v. i. 117 Among .. eleuated - se 
it wit often chance that there will arise in a 
certaine diuersitie of opinicn. 1733 Berxetey ss, Wks. 
III. 183 The most elevated notions and morality. 
1834 Mrs. Somervitte Connex. Phys. Sc. (1849) Introd. + 
Science .. must ever afford .. subject of elevated medita- 


St, Leon(L.), The elevatedness and a cet 
Elevating (ei/vtn), we ob Ie 


ELEVATE v. 
+ -InG1] action of the verb ATE. 
Bs Pha wg Math. igen 1. ix. ( oa 
for elevating or ui weights. 
Capt. Smith's cs Preaan,3 m1. Sale; 129 A ou 


degree of Mounture. 
138 Elevatings of the eyebrows. 
attrib. 1859 F. Grirritus.Artil. Man. (1862) 122 The 
elevating screw must .. be clamped. 1881 Times 28 Jan. 
3/6 The elevating gear of this gun. 
(e‘léveltin), Ap/. a. [f. ELEVATE v. 
+-ING 2] elevates ; chiefly fig. : 
1817 CoLeripce 70 a Lady, The elevating thought of suf- 
fered s. 1853 Rosertson Sermz. Ser. 1v. xvii. (1876) 
The elevating er of faith. 1875 Hamerton /ntell. Li 
1. iv. 24 Elevating influences of literature. 
Elevation (elévé-fon). [ad. L. dlevation-em, 
n. of action f. dlevdre : see ELEVATE v.] 
I. Process or result of elevating. 


1. The action or process of lifting up or raising 
aloft; also, the giving of an upward direction to 
anything. Vailey of elevation (see quot. 1887). 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 15 b, The eleuacyons or wawes of 
the see ben meruaylous. 1607 Torsett Four-/. Beasts 8 
A Bull..can toss into the air very great..beasts, which he 
receiveth again as they fall down, doubling their elevation 
with renewed strength and rage. 1663 W. Cuarteton Chor. 
Gigant. 32 At first elevation of their eyes. 1676 Grew 
Lect. u.i. § 6 Elevation ; when, like Paste in baking..they 
[the bodies mixed] swell and huff up. Woopwarp 
Nat. Hist. Earth (J.) The disruption of the st the 
elevation of some, and depression of others. 1863 A. Ram- 
say Phys. Geog. i. (1878) 11 Volcanic regions subject to 
earthquakes are often areas of elevation. UXLEY 
Physiogr. 205 But the land is subject also to elevations 
and d ions. 1887 Woopwarp Geol. Engl. & Wales 
pe = ag We sometimes find the higher tracts to be formed 

w was..a depression, while tracts originally elevated 
have been converted into..‘ Valleys of Elevation’. 
+b. spec.=erection. Obs. am 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. 1. xi. 10b, oo 
is fu se the eleuation Le aan 
commeth. 

c. spec. The lifting up of the Host for the ador- 
ation of the people. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & M. pep III. 666 Before the Eleva- 


tion..he turned him to the ina Rage. 
Gutespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. m1. i. 28 rhe elevation of the 
bread ma 


terialiter, is not Idolatrous. Burnet 39 
Art. xxviii. (1700) 342 The Elevation of 
began to be practised in the Sixth Century. F. M. 


Seay ote Gleta Pied, or at the Mievation. 
+d. fig. The lifting up of the soul (in ador- 
ation) ; a devout exaltation of feeling. Obs. 


Ave Maria Bell without an 
— (1693) 185 The Elevation of Faith to apprehend 


——— 


ELEVATOR. 


§. a. The raising (of the voice) in loudness 
(?also in pitch). +b. concr. The stressed syllable 
of a metrical foot; = ARSIS (vare). 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. 60 The consideration of the 

ts of Wordes, which are Measure, Sound, and Ele- 
uation, or Accent. 1668 Witxins Real Char. 45 Prolonga- 
tion of Vowels, or Elevation of voice in the ing o} 


87 


1. Anat. a. A muscle which raises or moves a 


limb or an organ. 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ep. w. vii. 196 Being destitute 
of any motion, they conferre no reliefe unto the Agents or 
Elevators. 1746 Parsons Human Phys. i. 17 The Elevator 
arises tendinous and fleshy from the Edge of the Foramen 
lacerum. 1748 Hartiey Observ. Man 1. ii. § 1. 148 The 


any syllable, Accent. soe Burney Hist. Mus. (ed. 2) 
I. vi. 64 They [feet] were divided into two parts..the first 
of which was called elevation. , 

+6. Music. One of the ‘graces’ in old English 
music. Ods. 

1659 Cur. Simpson Division Viol p.prmetines a Note is 
graced by sliding it from the Third below, called an Eleva- 
tion, now something obsolete. _ 

+7. The raising or rearing (of plants). Ods. 

1658 Evetyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 38 The elevation and rais- 
ing of trees. é . 

. The action of raising in rank or dignity; the 
state or fact of being elevated in rank. 

16.. Locke (J.) Angels, in their several degrees of eleva- 
tion above us. 17ox Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) V. 4 The 
duke of Berwick was gone..to compliment the pope upon 
his elevation. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1873) 541 A sudden 
elevation in life .. smells us out, and often perniciously. 
1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. viii. 270 The many men 
of talent who owed their elevation to Wolsey. 

II. The height to which anything is elevated. 

9. Of angular magnitude: a. Astron. The alti- 
tude or angular height of the pole, or of any 
heavenly body, above the horizon. ‘+ Ofa place: 
The elevation of the pole at that place; the lati- 
tude (obs.). Also in Déalling, the angle made by 
the gnomon with the horizon (which is equal to 


the latitude of the place). 

¢ 139 Cuaucer Asfrol. u. § 23 Tak ther the elevacioun 
of thi pool. 1549 Compi, Scot. vi. (1872) 47 Cosmaghraphie 
..sal declair the. .eleuation..of the sone, mune, and of the 
sternis. 1593 Fate Diad/ing 10 Before Sunne rising and 
after Sunne setting in our Elevation. 1642 Howett For. 
Trav. (Arb.) 87 The distance between places may be known 
by the elevation of the pole. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 
471 Under the Elivation of oure Pole. | 1686 tr. Chardin's 
Trav. 247 The Elevation of Erivan is in 40 Deg. 15 Min. 
1706 Puitiirs, Elevation of the Pole (in Dialling) is the 
Angle which the Style .. makes with the Substylar Line. 
1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. 1. 373 The Elevation of the 

‘ole in that place therefore is also given. nie G, 
Cuampers Astron. Vocab. Def. 915 Elevation of the Pole. 

pb. The angle made with the horizontal by any 
line of direction; sfec. the angle at which a gun 


is elevated. 

1692 in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. u. iv. 93 If his 
Piece be mounted to any Elevation, he need not put a Wad 
after the shot. 1769. Fatconer Dict, Marine (1789) Hhb. 
The shell being fired at an elevation of 45°. 1798 Carr. 
Mizar in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (18. 6 VIL Introd. 155, I 
observed their shot .. and knowing that .. they would not 
have coolness enough to change their elevation, I closed 
them suddenly. : : 

10. A particular height or altitude above a given 
level ; as the height of a locality above the level 
of the sea; of a building, etc., above the level 
of the ground. 

1732 Berxetey Alciphr. iii, § 9 The particular distance, 

ition, elevation, or dimension of the fabric. 1830 J. G. 
rere Sylva Brit. 4 In sheltered groups they will reach 
an elevation of eighty or a hundred feet. ~~ STANLEY 
Sinai & Pal. ii. (1858) 129 Jerusalem is of nearly the same 
elevation as the highest ground in England. 1860 TynpaLt 
Glac. 1. § 2. 1 at was snow at the higher elevations 
changed to rain lower down. 


» JS: 

LA oe Sc. § Art Il. 391 He will perceive to what 
an elevation the excellence of the art can raise him. 

ll. concr. A drawing of a building or other 
object made in projection on a vertical plane, as 
distinguished from a ground plan. 

1731 Battey vol. II, EZevation (in Architect.) a draught or 
description of the face or principal side of a building, called 
also the Upright. 1762-71 H. Watrote Vertue’s Anecd. 


Paint. (1786) IV. 244 The plan and elevations of the late 
earl of Lei r’s house. 1833 Brewster Nat. Magic xi. 
as seen from behind. 


281 An elevation of the Aq i 
1847 S. Brooks (¢i#/e) City, Town and Country Architec- 
ture, designs for Street Elevations, ey ebayer etc. 1874 
R. Tyrwuitt Sk. Club 28 That’s the front of your block 
which faces you,—the ‘elevation’ they call it. : 

12. As an abstract quality: Height, loftiness. 
a. lit, Of a building, etc. b. {* Of literary 
style: Grandeur, dignity ; formerly also in A/., in- 
stances of elevation. ¢. fg. Of character and 
sentiments: Nobleness, loftiness of tone. 

a. Mod. A building of i gen elevation. 

b. a co Mie pe ‘y .) His style..wanted a little eleva- 
tion. 17 Lapy M. W. Montacue Le??. I, xxxiv. 126 
The elevation of an expression in an ancient author. 1! 
Jounson Rambi, No, x ® 6 Some [epic poets] that im- 
agined themselves intitled .. to elevations not allowed in 
common life. 187x Mortey_ Voltaire (1886) 134 A return 
to..the classic form, its dignity, elevation, and severity. 

C. ax680 GLANVILL Serm. iii. (R.) They. .pitied the poor 
and carnal world. .all that were not of their conceited pitch 
and elevation. 1751 Jounson Rambi. No. 87 ?7 When no- 
thing is necessary to elevation but detection of the follies of 
others. 1868 Lecky Europ. Mor. Il. i. 72 Elevation of 
character constituted the Roman ideal of perfection. 1880 
MeCartuy Own Times III. xlvi. 407 His character was 
somewhat wanting in the dignity of moral elevation, 

Elevator (eliveitar). [a. L. elevator, f. éleva-re 
to ELrvaTE.] One who or that which elevates. 


Elevators of the lower Jaw. 1870 RoLteston Anim. Life 
13 The main elevator o} the humerus and the wing. 

b. In insects, one of the two flat joints of the 
maxillary or labial feelers. 

1826 Kirsy & Spence Entomol. I11. 448 Thus in the hive 
bee and the humble bee the labials including the two flat 
joints or elevators have four joints. 

2. Surg. ‘An instrument for raising any de- 
pressed portions of bone, particularly of the skull. 
Also, an instrument used in Dentistry for the 
removal of stumps of teeth’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

3. a. A machine used for raising corn or flour 
to an upper storey. b. U.S. A large building 
(containing one or more of these machines) used 
for the storage of grain. e¢. A machine used for 
raising hay or straw to the top of the stack. Also, 
an appendage to a thrashing machine. d. A lift, 
hoist, ascending chamber. Also attrib. 

1825 J. Nicnotson Oferat. Mech. 100 These elevators 
consist of a chain of buckets, or concave vessels .. fixed at 
proper distances upon a leathern band, which goes round 
two wheels, 1862 Trottore NV. Amer. 1.248 An elevator 
is as ugly a monster as has been yet produced. 1862 J. 
Wison Farming 161 A larger set of elevators is usually 
employed to carry up the roughs to the feeding board lina 
thrashing machine]. 1879 Jerreries Wild Life in S.C. 
114 The new-fangled elevator carries up the hay by ma- 
chinery from the waggon to the top. 1883 Harfer’s Mag. 
Jan. 275/1 He did not trust the elevator, but almost flew 
down the stairs. 1884 Howe ts zé7d. Dec. 118/1 The Ele- 
vator boy, pulling at the rope [says] ‘ We’re not there yet’, 
1884 Lisbon (Dakota) Star 10 Oct., A. H. Laughlin .. has 
bought the store building .. near the elevator. 1887 Con- 
temp. Rev. May 699 Extensive elevator Companies. 

Elevatory (eléve'tori), a. and sd. [f. Exz- 
VATOR : see -ORY.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to elevation, that tends 
to elevate. 

1. Geol. Concerned in raising or tending to raise 
the crust of the earth. 

1833 Lyett Princ. Geol. III. 117 The disturbing and 
dislocating force of the elevatory movements. 1 
Miter First [mpr. xi. (1861) 140 Should the time ever 
arrive when the elevatory agencies motionless and chill 
shall sleep within their profound depths. 1878 HuxLey 
Physiogr. 205 Elevatory forces must have been at work. 

2. In a non-material sense. 

1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 11. 1m. 1. xiv. § 5 The moral feel- 
ings are thus elevatory of the mental faculties. 

B. sé. =Exevator 2 [as if ad. L. *2/evdtorium ; 
so Fr. éévatoire, It. elevatorio]. 

1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 91 If a depression 
of the Cranium be, strive with the elevatorie to raise it. 
1758 J.S. tr. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg.(1771) D diij, Vectis, 
an Eljevatory used to raise depress’d Bones. 1832 in WEB- 
STER; and in mod. Dicts. 


+Ele-ve. Oés.as Eng. [a. Fr. dleve, f. eever | 


to bring up.]_ A pupil. 

The Fr. word is occas. used when Fr. subjects are spoken 
of : e. g. ‘ He was an éléve of the Ecole Normale.’ 

1736 Baitey, An E/eve, a pupil or scholar educated under 
any one. 1769 Hore in Phil. Trans. LIX. 241 note, Mr. 
James Robertson is an eleve of mine, 1807 J. Hati Trav. 
Scot?. 1. 146 Dr. Hunter... the eleve of Lord Monboddo. 
1829 Gentl. Mag. XCVII. 1. 527 Their Eleves should have 
..an excellent classical education. 

Eleven (‘lev'n), a. and sd. Forms: 1 end- 
leofan, -lufon, -lyfon, -an, ellefne (Northumd. 
sellefne), 3-4 endlevene, -leve, -luve, 3-5 
enleve(n(e, -levyn, (3 enlovene, 4 onlevene), 
elleve(n(e, -evin, -yven, (3 ellevene, eolleve), 
5-7 elevyn, (5 eleivan), aleven, -eaven, -euyn, 
5- eleven, (6 Sc. allevin, alewin, 9 dial. 
ellebn, eleeben, lebn). [Common Teutonic: OE. 
gndleofon corresponds to OFris. andlova, elleva, 
OS. elleban (MDnu. elleven, Du. edf), OHG. etnlif 
(MHG., ez/f, Ger. e/f), ON. ellifu (Sw. ellifva, 
elfva, Da. elleve), Goth. ainlif:—OTeut. *ainlif- 
f. *ain- (shortened from *azno-) OnE + -/if- of 
uncertain origin. Outside Teutonic the only ana- 
logous form is the Lith. vénd-lika, where -lika 
(answering in function to Eng. -teev) is the ter- 
minal element of all the numerals from 11 to 19. 

The OE., OF ris., OS., and ON. forms represent a 
*ainlifun, app. assimilated to *tehun TEN. ‘The theory that 
the ending is a variant of OTeut. *Zehun, hg ins *dekm TEN, 
is now abandoned; some would derive it from the Aryan 
root *Jeig or from *Zeif (both meaning to leave, to remain) 
so that edeven would mean ‘one left’ (after counting ten.)] 

The cardinal number next after ten, represented 
by the symbols 11 and xi. 


. adj. 

1. In concord with a'sb. expressed. 

¢ K. Z._rrep Beda v. xviii. (Bosw.) Osred Set rice 
hzfde endleofan wintra. 1000 Andreas (Gr.) Nes 
peer folces ma.. Nemne ellefne orettmaecgas. ¢ 1000 AULFRIC 
Gen. xxxii. 22 [Jacob] nam his wif mid hira endlufon sunum. 
1325 Coer de L.2725 Onlevene thousand of our meyné. 1382 
Wycutr Acts i. 26 Mathi..was noumbrid to gidere with en- 


ELEVENTH. 


levene apostlis. 1393 Lancet. P. Pl. C. 1v. 227 Thou hast 
hanged on myn hals elleuen tymes. c1400 Pol. Rel. § L. 
Poems 216, I have had ther-to lechys aleven, and they gave 
me medysinsall. a 1440 Six Degrev.342 More then enleve 
mele. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cii. 82 And this mysauen- 
ture dured enleuen yere and moo, 1552 Lynprsay JMo- 
narche 4509 The 3eir of oure Saluatioun Alewin hundreth 
and sax and fyftie. 159x Horsey 7vav. (1857) 188 Aleaven 
ofhis.. servants. 1594 SuHaxs. Rich. ///, ut. vi. 6 Eleuen 
houres I haue spent to write it ouer. 1664 Evetyn Kal. 
Hort. (1729) 229 Nor the Height above ten or eleven [Feet] 
at most. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 301 Eleven 
days they had the full use of Bantry Bay. 1887 Ruskin in 
Pall Mail G. 2 Sept. 3/2 Humanity. .had reduced itself to 
see no more than eleven eyes in a peacock’s tail. 

2. With ellipsis of sb., which may usually be 
supplied from the context. Zhe Eleven: sc. dis- 
ciples ; also, a body of executive officers at Athens. 

¢ 1208 Lay. 14531 Bi tene & bi zlleuene [c 1275 enlouene]. 
c1275 O. E. Misc. 55 He seyde to his apostles . hi weren 
elleouene. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 298 In be pousend 3er of 
grace, and endleuene perto. a 1300 Cursor M. 4119 An was 
eildest o be elleuen. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 1. 343 
Sex score and enleuene. 1591 Garrarp Art Warre 130 
When they passe a leven or twelve they are not to be ac- 
compted anaray. 161r Biste Lvke xxiv. 33 And found the 
eleuen gathered together. 1814 Byron Yvan 1, xlix, At six 
a charming child, and at eleven With all the promise of as 
fine a face. 1849 Grote Hist. Greece V. u1. Ixii. 427 They 
were handed over to the magistrates called the Eleven, 

b. esp. sc. hours: as eleven o'clock, ete. 

1548 UpALt, etc., Hrasm. Par. Matt. xx.6 About a leuen of 
the clocke. 1602 SHaxs. Ham.1. ii. 252 Vpon the Platforme 
twixt eleuen and twelue Ile visit you. 1759 Compl. Letter- 
Writer (ed. 6) 227 The Ball continued its Briskness and 
vivacity..’till about Eleven. 1803 R. ANDERSON Cumbrid. 
Ball. 67 When the clock strack eleeben. 

B. as sé. 

1. The abstract number eleven. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. iv. (1495) 349 Thryes 
enleuen makyth thre and thyrty. 1547 Boorpr /xtrod, 
Knowl. 123 Nyne, ten, aleuyn, twelue. 

2. A set of eleven persons; esf. a set of eleven 
players forming ‘a side’ at cricket or football. 

c 1800 in Efoniana v. 95 The eleven of football and the 
eleven of cricket. 1885 77th 28 May 836/2 Such a county 
should..produce a few bowlers to maintain the credit of its 
eleven. 

+8. In phrase, By the elevens! (of uncertain 
origin). Ods. 

1773 Gotpsm. Stoofs to Cong. u. i, By the Elevens, my 
place is gone quite out of my head. 

C. Comb., as elevenfold adj. and adv. ; eleven- 
pointer, a stag whose horns show eleven points. 
Also eleven-o’-clock (see A. 2b) used attr7b. 
or as adj. in eleven-o’-clock lady, eleven-o’- 


clock wind (see quots.). 

1587 Recorpve Whetst. Bij, Vndecupla 11 to 1: 22 to 2: 
33 to 3, aleuenfolde. 1803 E. L. Peer in Lougm. Mag. 
Nov. 74 A grand eleven-pointer .. standing out alone. 
1879 Prior Plant-n., Eleven o'clock lady, Fr. dame d'onze 
heures, from its waking up and opening its eyes so late 
in the day; the star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbel- 
latum, L.). 1888 Pall Mall G.9 July 8/2 A..stiff breeze. . 
called ‘eleven o’clock wind’..that is to say, supposing the 
target to be marked like the dial of a clock, the wind 
would blow..in the direction of the figure 11. 

Hence Ele'vener, Ele‘vens (da/.), an eleven-o’- 
clock meal, a luncheon. 

1865 W. Wuite Z. Eng. 11. 197, | commonly has a drop [of 
ale] for my elevens; but I can manage a pint o’ a’ternoons 
besides.’ 1875 ParisH Sussex Dial, Elevener, a luncheon, 

+Ele-venteen. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. ELEVEN + 
-TEEN.] Twenty-one. 

16.. Witner Weakness, Many giglets I have married 
seen Ere they forsooth could reach eleventeen, 

Eleventh (flew’np), a. and sé, Forms: a. 1 
endlyfta, Vorthumb, ellefta, 3-4 enlefte, 2orth. 
elleft, 8. 1 endleofeda, 4 ellevefpe, 4-5 en- 
levenp, -the, ellevend, -ent, -enpe, -ynd, -ynt, 
(4 allevenpe, elned, 5 aleffant), 6 elleventh, 
(ellewint, elevynth, aleventh, eleven, leventh, 
Sc. levint, 7 elventh, 9 dia/. elevent), 7- 
eleventh. [OE. ¢gvdlyfta, xllefta, correspond to 
OFris. andlofta, ellefta, OS. elliftoe, OHG. etniifio 
(MHG. eznlifte, ezlfte, mod.G. elfte), ON. ellifte 
(not recorded in Goth.) :—OTeut. *azn/ifton- f. 
tainlif- ELEVEN + ordinal suffix f. OAryan -/o-. 
As in the case of other numerals, the original 
word has been superseded (since 14th c.) bya new 
formation on the cardinal numeral + -t/ (after 
FourtH), which is now the universal ordinal suffix. 
Certain forms in ME, and mod.Eng., following 
other analogies, have -¢ or -d instead of -¢#.] 

A. adj. : 

1. That comes next in order to the tenth. 
Eleventh hour; the latest possible time, in allu- 
sion to the parable of the labourers (Matt. xx.). 

971 Blickl. Hom. 93 Eall eorbe bid mid peostrum ciacpeeht 
zt pa endlyftan tid pes deges. c1o0o Ags. Gosp. Matt. 
xx. 6 Da embe pa endlyftan tide he uteode. 1297 R. Grouc, 
(1724) 414 Pe enlefte day of heruest. a 1300 Cursor M, 22627 

signe o pe dai elleft, It es na skil bat it be left. 1340 

‘AMPOLE Pr. Consc. 4798 Pe ellevend day men sal com out 
Of caves. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xix. (1495) 
357 The enleuenth month is Nouembre. 1489 Plumpton 
Corr. 78 Aleffant day of moneth of March. 1513-75 Diurn. 
Occurr, (1833) 10 Wpoun the ellewint day of Raiy, &e. 


ELEVENTHLY. 


158 Recorve Pathw, Knowl. 1. xvi avi, Foe mo Ge 
pg 1599 Suaxs. Hen. V,1. er 

last K a 1663 CowLey bored Bas re 

(1669) 60 Come the Pages rather than this should 

. THEY hon ten Love 1. xxiv, Though at the 


r 
5B 
ad 


cig EE Alt P. B. 1013 pe I pe enleuenbe 
gent. nue Ave ete he Bane te oP oti of zenne. 


88 

16st Hosses Leviath. (1839) The fairies .. are said 
to take young children .. to them into natural 
fools, which people do th fe poms yed 
apt to mischief. 

b. A tricksy, mischievous, sometimes  spitefal 
and malicious creature. 7 play the elf: to act 
eases U Lomy pee 


elleuefpe pat 3¢ han 
pa there. Apoll, a ne 78 s§ elleuynt. 1552 App. 
Hamitton Cat (1884) 51 The levint, quha p of 
thame self ony thing. 1588 A. Kine tr. ‘anisius’ Catech. 


pe The pt is continence quhairby we abstein nocht 
nly from meats, bot also from al vickednes. 1632 San- 
Dano 12 Serm, ror At the eleventh. 

2. Eleventh part: one of eleven equal parts into 
which a quantity may be divided. 

1797 Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 402 An increase .. 
— an eleventh to a twentieth part of the whole duty. 

+3. quasi-adv. in the eleventh place, ELEVENTHLY. 

1526 Pilgr. nef (W. de W.) 292 b, Elleuenth, they be 
mortifyed from all feares, scrupules, and euyll dedes, 

+4. Music. The interval of an octave and a 
fourth ; a compound fourth. Oés. 

1597 Morey Introd. Mus. 70 From Gam vt to D la sol 
re is a twelfe, although it seeme in common sence but an 
aleuenth. 

B. sh. = eleventh part; see A. 2. 

1557 Recorpe Whetst. Bijb, Sesquiundecima. 12 to 11: 
24 to 22.. | 1; | a leuenth more. 

Elevent (Ne-v’npli), adv. [f. ELEVENTH a. 

+-LY%,] In the eleventh place. Also quasi-sé. 

1609 R. Barnerp Faith/. Sheph. 55 Eleventhly & lastly. 
1648 D. Jenxins Wks. 39 Eleventhly, wee maintaine, etc. 
1711 Vind. Sacheverell 85 We are now come to Eleventhly, 
these Eleventhly's and Twel/thly’s, these false Stories. 

oelaed tion, bad form of ALLEVIATION. 

543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 To the eleuiation of parte 
of 4 reat and inestimable charges. 

Ele (elf), sd. Forms: 1 elf, ylf (app. re- 
corded only in pl. ylfe), 3 alve, 5 alfe, 5-7 elfe, 
4- elf. Plural elves: 1 ylfe, 3 alven, 6-7 elfes, 
Sc. elvis, 8 elfs, 6- elves. See also ELVEN, 
Aur, Oar. [OE. #/f str. masc. = OHG. alp 
(MHG., mod.G. a/p nightmare, ON. d/fr (Da. 
alf) elf :—OTeut. *a/to-z; a parallel type *a/bi-z 
(cf. Sw. e/f, Da. e/v) appears in late WSax. *y/f 
(found in’ pl. y/fe:—*7¢/fe) =Mercian, Kent. *¢//, 
Northumb, *#/f, one or other of which is repre- 
sented in the mod. word, (The mod.G. e/f is be- 
lieved to be adopted from Eng.; MHG. had e/be 
a female elf.) 

Some have compared the Teut. word with the Skr. 7dhu, 
the name ioe to the three genii of the seasons in Hindu 

ythology.] 

z's Mythol. The name of a class of supernatural 
beings, in early Teutonic belief supposed to 
possess formidable magical powers, exercised 
variously for the benefit or the i =e of mankind. 

They were believed to be of dwarfish form, to produce 
diseases of various kinds, to act as incudi and succubi, to 
cause nightmares, and to steal children, substituting change- 
lings in their place. The Teutonic belief in elves is prob- 
ably the main source of the medizval superstition respecting 
fairies, which, however, includes elements not of Teutonic 
origin ; in general the Romanic word denotes a bees does of 
less terrible and more een character than the ‘elf 
originally conceived. mod. literature, e/f is a mere sy- 
nonym of Farry, which has to a ae extent superseded it 
even in dialects. Originally ¢/f was masculine, ELven 
feminine ; but in 13th and 14th c. the two seem to have 
been used indifferently of both sexes. In mod, use e// 
chiefly, though not always, denotes a male fairy. 

Beowulf 112 (Gr.) Fram on untydras ealle onwocon 
eotenas and ylfe. cxooo Sax. Leechd. 11. 296 Wid zlfe 
and —— m fidsan es myrran on win. | ¢ 1205 Lay. 
19256 Sone swa he com an eorde! aluen hine iuengen. 
c 1386 Cuaucer Man Lawes T. 656 The mooder was an elf 
by aventure. —_ Spr hag Poems Wy (Matz.) Alfe Rofyn 


be-gon to rug. 460 Towneley Myst. (Mitz.) He was 
takyn with an elle. 1513 Douctas 4neis vin. vi. 7 Wyth 
Nymphis and Faynis apoun omer a hilk fairfolkis, 
or than elvis, clepyng we. 1 v's Sheph. 
Cal, June 25 Gla ‘oss. For Guelfes ond ig we say 
Elfes & Goblins. 3610 SHAKs. pon aly v. i. e Elves 
of hils, brooks; standing lakes and S Henmox 


Hesper (1869) iL. App. 477 Come Racor follow me You 
fairie elves that git 1700 Devoes Wi ife Bath's T. 3 


The King of elfs..Gamboll’d on heaths. 1712-4 Pore 
7 Lock 1. 33 Airy elves moonlight shadow seen. 

Krageuare 2 » Ve 19 ee an elf and a goddess. 
1875 B. Taytor Faust 1 i of elves propi- 


tious Hastes to help where help i it es 
+b. Sometimes distinguished from a ae 

(a) as an inferior or su ject species ; (4) as 

more malignant being, an ‘imp’, ‘ demon’ ; Sis 


Fé. Obs. 
M. Grove Pelops & Hipp. (1878) 75 ES exercise Fosse cal Sa 
shun joue 


selfe In feates of armes, thereby to 

theelfe. a1g93 H. Smitn Wks. yee 483 Ornate furies 
daa elves): What need ye call leg Sol scourge ? 
. Anzorr Force Contrition in Farr’s S. P. Fas. [ 
Git 53 bond raine which this detested elfe must drowne 
fom aboue..come downe. a 1628 F. Grevitte Mus. 
Chorus, What means .. This finite Elfe of mans 
ps mre t and errors? 1651 Honses Leviath. (1839) 699 
When the fairies are displeased with any body, they are 
said to send their elves, to pinch them. @ — RYDEN J) 

That we ma aes seem, we paint them 

2. transf. a. (See quot.) 


, Summer 243 
pestle Risen! Farwer's ing the darts of 
spleen to serve himself. 1820 Scotr A pains iv, Stray elf of 


a ie. 

5 transf. A diminutive being. a. A dwarf, 
mannikin ; hence as adj. (quots. 1710, 1725). 
we, PAtscr, 216/2 Elfe or dwarf, main, 1547 SALESBURY 


Dict., Nar, an elfe. 10 Street Robberies Consid. 
Eif, little. 173 New Cant. Dut., Eff, little. a 1763 SHEN- 
STONE (J.), . Wisheth, starvin elf, his red 
may fly. 17.. pg Pe Wise ren in R. Bell Hist. ng. (18. 


X. vii. 143 note, The prince .. Laughed at the merry e 4 
reas to see within his court One shorter than himse 
Barua /ngol. Leg. (1877) 102 As a muscular Giant 
nit handle an eff 
b. Applied to a child (chiefly with some notion 
of 2 b), to a small animal or insect. 


1573 Tusser usd. (1878) 59 Looke to thy cattle, Serue 


yoong a alone by t! hewaubaee 1660 J. M[iLTon] 
in H. King and Commons (1868) So the dae wanton 
elf [a best ost gloriously enshrined itself {in amber]. 1786 
Burns Des, ncy Ye tiny elves that guiltless sport. 

1824 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser. 1. (1863) 15 His own pretty 


little boys, and two or three other four-year-old elves. 1886 
G, Auten Kalee’s Shrine xii. 128 Herons .. intent on the 
quick pursuit of the elusive elves in the stream below. 

+4. By Spenser applied to the knights of his 
allegorical ‘faerie land ’. 

1596 Spenser F.Q.1.i.17 Which when the valiant Elfe 
perceiu'd. did, 1. v. 11 Goe, caytive Elfe. 

5. In a vague depreciatory — ‘a (poor) 
creature’, ‘a (poor, pious) soul’, ‘a (poor) devil’. 

and73, Tusser vio (1878) 208 Like Gaaes elfe, to moile 

toile. x De For Ref. Mann. Misc. 69 Magistrates, 

like Pious Elves, Let none be Drunk a Sundays but them- 
selves. @1849 Hor. Smitu Addr, Mummy viii, Still silent, 
uncommunicative elf. 


6. Comb. a. appositive, as ¢/f-child, - girl, 
-knight, -lady, -woman; ). attributive, as e/f- 
castle, -dance, -flame, -horn, -house, -land, -rod; 
elf-like adj. Also elf-arrow, -bolt, a flint arrow- 
head (see ELF-SHOT) ; also, a belemnite ; elf-bore, 
a hole in a piece of wood, out of which a knot has 
dropped or been driven; + elf-cake,an enlargement 
of the spleen attributed to the geen of elves 
(cf. AGUE-CAKE); elf-cup, a small stone perfor- 
ated by friction at a waterfall; elf-dart = Er- 
SHOT 1; elf-dock, a name of the Elecampane ; 
elf-fire, zens fatuus, Will o’ the wisp; elf-god, 
Cupid; elf-knot = ELF-Lock; elf-queen, queen 
of the fairies; +elf-skin, a man of shrivelled 
and shrunken form; elf-stone = ELF-sHOT 2 ; elf- 
stricken, -struck ’ ppl. a., bewitched ; also elf- 
striking vb/. sb. ; elf- taken ppl. a. (in quot. e/fe 
y-take), bewitched by elves; elf-twisted f//. a., 
twisted or gnarled by elves; elf- wort =e//-dock. 
ssi ELF-LOCK, -SHOOT, -SHOT. 

in Pitcairn Crim. Trials 1. 198 Thow ee 
cur to twa wemen ..for ane *elf-arrow-heid. 

Staffordsh, (1686) we These. .they there - hb ad call call 
Elf-Arrows. 1 orse Amer. Geog. 11. 151 The stones 


which the country people call elf-arrow heads. Smep- 
Ley Occult Se. 31 The ——— flints, Belemnites, so 


numerous in larly termed Elf arrows. 
1773 Jounson Yourn. Wrest. Isl. Wks, 1806 1X. 208 The stone 
heads of arrows..The call them *elf-bolts. | 1883 G. 


Auten Col. Clout’s Gard. xxxix. 223 The neolithic arrows 

came to be regarded as elf-bolts. 1814 Northern Antiq. 404 
ear .) If you were to look through an “*elf-bore in wood. 
NGHAM Gard, pl igen (1633) 2 Toheale the “elfe cake 

hardnesse of the si PTON 1000 Notable Th. x675) 

187 The hardness of the side called the Elfcake. 


allads 11. § 37. 321/2 After some of the li at the 
*elf-castle. 1bs8 Vaucuan Mystics — IL. 7: — 
the *Elf-children scatter gold-dust on the a4 


Cromex Rem. Nithsdale Song 290 be on Be . cape. were 
Fog Cup Beavlads nn § as sit Why 
X HILD Is u. § 42. 375/1 Why are 
if ‘ou had been in an *elf. are you $0 pale a 
ne the elecampane, pmo iis brond leaves called a 
Smeptey Occult Sc. 31 The ‘ Ignis fatuus’ has 
coe singe “Elf fire’, 1884 Cuitp oe ting 37. 
—— has to make his way ‘h the * 
Rossetti Poems wee Poets’ fancies all are Pn "There te 


*Elf-girls flood with wings Valleys full of — air. 
Tennyson Vivien 98, I saw the little *e! 


In Arthur's arras hall at Camelot. 1884 CuiLp ae M. 
§ 41. 360/1 Lady Isabel.. hears an *elf-horn. /did. $e 
375/« He rides to the hills and comes to an *elf-house. , 


1. § 4. 23/1 An *elf-knight, by blowii inspires 
Linde iabel with love- ‘4 Of nie at te aes 
HILD 


416 Ghastly Yogis, ee ir in “elf knots. 1884 
Ballads n. § 37 DB ap vt g e *elf- 's costume and equip- 
ment. 1483 Ca Angl. 13 *Elfe 1847 TENNYSON 
—— m. ten 7 O sweet and far from cliff nd scar, The horns 
of elfland faintly meee Ae. nae plone ee Aeneis m, 
(Arb.) 80 Shee sowns, on oy sayd 
“elflyke. 184x Lyrron Night pated rm 3 Bit ng His.. 
hair hung elf-like and cheeks. ¢ 1386 


" SS ee eee Se 


ELF-LOCK. 
Cuaucer Wyf Bathes T. 860 The 


meee cg pee Va pe /2 He 


priher Sone hee 


Lodi: 
Ce ee E. 
Some on 


not less than RITTEN 
alin *Elfwort, Shoe vn — 2 
+ Elf, v. oe bait) as [f. Exr sd. Jo trans. To 
le or ir) as an elf might do. 
er ¢ wae all my haires in 


1605 Suaxs. Lear ui. iii. 10 Tle 
knots. ood Baiey, To Eile the Har, to tie it up in 


Knots or 
age Obs. Some kind of animal. 


Ya1400 Morte Arth, 2288 Elfaydes, and Arrabys, and oly- 


fauntez noble. 
(elfhud). [f. Eur + -Hoop.] The 
state of being an elf. = 
Ca Fr. R 857) I. Little 
ee aridkecd eal tomtians heat 
to an elf. 


‘= lfic. rare. [f. Pb + -IC. " Pertaining t 
1872 Harpwick Trad. ane. 231 They a Ge it moe 
b ani 


to leave their h 
fe in Scotl, 111. yo Fire had Same 
elfic arts. 


C. Rocers Soc. Li, 

influence against 

Elfin (e'lfin), a. and sd. Also 6-7 elphyne, 

-in, ?8 Sc. elfan. [Obscurely f. ELF sd,; app. 

first used by Spenser, and perh. to him 
fand of elves’ 


by the phrase e/vene land ‘ (see Ex- 
VEN); the proper name Elphin in the Arthurian 
romances may possibly have influenced the form.] 
A. adj. 
= Pertaining to elves; of elfish nature or origin. 
Spenser F, Q. 1. iv. 42 Him litle answerd o 
Ei knight. /did. 1. x. 65 A F; . cher base Elfin breod 
there for thee left ; “Such, men do fee call. 
Elphin Knight i. in Child Ballads. 15/1 aoe ies 
sits on yon hill. 1742 Coins Ode iv. 4 His | 
queen has blest. 1792S. Rocers Pleas. Mem.1. 117 7 Heroes 
- Whose elfin prowess scaled the orchard-wall. 1808 Scorr 
Marm, m. xxiv, The Elfin knight fell. 1820 Keats St. 
Agnes xxxix, Hark! ‘tis an elfin storm faery land. 
on —— — le Elfin bells, when the 
een ‘aery rides 
2. transf. a. Diminutive, dwarfish. b. Fairy- 
ge! full of strange charm. 
CoLeripGE Se (1862) 28 The elfin tribe .. Re- 
Ease rom a ee Two Queens U1. xvi. tie 
191 From childhood she been a bright and elfin creature. 
B. sb. 1. = Exr; also attrib. 
Spenser F. Q. 1. x. ” 60 And thou, faire |p. -accompted 
rll sonne. 2 oa Birth pr M8 A wicked 


in, roved this and around. 1840 — Up Rhine 6g 
flan . swarm in their romantic m: Sxrat 
Uhland’s Poems 307, Darling, join the el: "Neath 
the stars’ and moonlight’s glance. 
Lies Sc. ? Elf-land. cating of + 
Simpill Ballades 210 Ane t 
of see esr aod 


of Elfan's Nourice iii. in ds nek’ wake 
een 
— ee vi. tid. orgs The Queen © Eifn will ste 
‘3. trans. A child. 
tress (x Je those eifins oes 
Fh ple pee ma me os 
(18 aah, The eee ae ee ee Te 


Heoce ‘E'lfindom, nonce-wa., the estate of the 


elves. 
ee Setar ae. May 838 The traditional ~— 


The older form Exvisn is still the more usual ; but in some 
connexions ¢//isk might be preferred on account of its more 
obvious relation to the primitive sb. 

1542 Upatt Erasm, Apoph. 296b, The 
is elfishe and frowarde to spryng vp. 1 


Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 68 The goast of verye .. mad her 
élfish a aes Tom Loe. oO ee 

were an earthly knight, 's an elfish 
aon 2998 Counioce nc. Mariner w. xii, The elfish 
fe ht Felf off in hoary flakes. ax802 Vng. Tamlane xxxii. 
in Child Ballads 1. '354/2 Then would I never tire .. In 
Whale and to, dwell: 1856 Kane Arct. £. er 4 


elfish 
wre Ties es ee ies rogve Ko, 


Freeman Norm. Cong. 1. 770 The 

elfish Elflock are mainly English. 
Elf-lock (e'lflpk). In 6, 9 //. elves-locks. 

Pavan Sid hair) “A eety 

superstiti attribu to 
elves, esp. Queen Queen Mab: ‘ which it was not fortu 
nate to rong Sys; ' a 
sel age Lace Write nieve Calin.) Curt ane 


| 
4 
: 


ELFSHIP. 


haire Fellin long. Elfe-locks from my scalpe, now bare? 1810 
Gentil, Mag. LXXXVI. 1. 214 Their hair remains matted 
and wreathed in elves-locks. 1848 KincsLey Saint's Trag. 
1. iv. 84 The listless craftsmen through their elf-locks 
scowled. 

Hence E‘lf-locked ///. a., having elf-locks or 
tangled hair. 

1647 R. Staryiton Fuvenal vu. 83 The elfe-lockt fury all 
her snakes had shed. 

Elfship (elffip). sonce-wd. [f. ELF + -SHIP; 
cf. his lordship~.| The personality of an elf. 

1812 W. TENNANT Anster F. vi, xxxix, The gown in which 
her elf-ship was arrayed. 


E:lf-shoot, v. orth. dial. [f. Eur + Saoor 
(after Enr-sHor sd.).] trans. ‘To shoot, as the 
vulgar suppose, with an elf-arrow.’ (Jam.) 

a1758 Ramsay Poems (1800) II. 66 Nine braw nowt 
were smoor’d, Three elf-shot were. 1778 Phil. Surv. S. 
Trel. 281 When these animals are seized with a certain dis- 
order .. they say they are elf-shot. 1806 Fadds of Clyde 120 
(Jam.) You'll a warlock turn..Elfshoot our Ky. 1872 

arDWwick 7vad. Lanc. 138 It secures their cattle .. from 
being elfshot by fairies, etc. 

Evlf-shot. [f. Evr sd. + Snor.] 

1. ‘Disease, supposed to be produced by the im- 
mediate agency of evil spirits’ (Jam.). 

[c1000 Ags. Leechd. III. 54 Ylfa gescot.] 1681 GLANVILL 
Sadducismus (1726) 398 The sickness of William Black 
was an Elf-shot. 184: Borrow Zincadi (1843) I. 1. viii. 
- Shepherds and cowherds are most exposed to the effects 
of the elf-shot. 

2. Sc. A flint arrow-head ; see quot. 

1769 Pennant Tour Scot, (1774) 101 Elf-shots .. are sup- 
posed to be weapons shot by fairies at cattle, 

+Evlger. Ods. [?f. OE. #/ eel + gdr spear. 
Cf. Flem. aalgeer, elger, an eel-spear, of which 
the Eng. word may possibly be an adoption.] An 
eel-spear: see ALGERE. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 138 Elyer, or elger, fyscharis instru- 
ment; angutllaris, fuscina, fragidica, dentata. Ibid. 186 
Garfangyl, or elger: anguillaria, anguillare. 

Eli, var. of Exz oil. Ods. 

Eliad, obs. var. of OEILLADE, glance. 

Eliasite (/loiasait). An. [f. Lias, name of a 
mine at Joachimsthal.] Hydrous oxide of uranium, 
of a brown colour and resin-like appearance. 

ca SuerarpD Jin. 266 Eliasite occurs in flattened pieces 
half an inch thick. 1880 Dana Min. § 209 Eliasite. In 
amorphous masses more or less resinlike in aspect, or like gum. 

+ Eliba‘tion. 0/s.—° [as if ad. L. *éibation- 
em {. @ out+dibare to pour out a libation.] A 
tasting or offering sacrifices, 

‘¢ in BLount. 1721-1731 in BaiLey. 

+ Eliciate, v. Ods. rare—'. [irreg. f. L. 2ic-&ve 
to Exicrr + -aTE ; cf. next.] ¢vazs. To draw out. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 147 To eliciate all the purulent 
matter at once out of an Aposteme, is not good. 

+ Eli-cient, a. Ods.rare—!. [ad. L. eictent-em, 
pr. pple. of ézc-éve to Exicrr.] That performs an 
‘elicit act’. Cf. Etcrr a. 

1617 Cottins Def Bf. Ely i. ix. 359 It springs from the 
vertue of relligion in “a ea of ities that yeilds it, as the 
original of his act, & yet imperant only, not elicient; diri- 
gent, not exequent, as your School-men loue to speak. 

+ Elicit (‘lisit), a. Philos. Obs. [ad. L. elicit- 
us, pa. pple. of e#icéve to draw forth.] 

Of an act: Evolved immediately from an active 
power or quality; opposed to zmerate. 

The ‘elicit acts’ of the will are its internal acts (i.e. the 
volitions themselves); its ‘imperate acts’ are the external 
acts ‘commanded’ by it. In £¢thics, the ‘elicit acts’ of a 
particular virtue are those essentially implied in its defini- 
tion; its ‘imperate acts’ are those which it may under 
peculiar circumstances require. 

1624 F. Wurte Repl, Fisher 544 Satisfaction sometimes 
importeth all the actions elicite or imperate, which a sinner 
must performe. 1646S. Bouton Arraignm. Err. 314 Not.. 
the ..elicite acts of conscience, but the imperate, com- 
manded and externall acts. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. 
u. iii, § 6 I. 411 The imperate acts .. of the Vertue of one 
Commandment must not contradict the elicite acts of an- 
other. 1665 GLANviLt Sceps. Sci. 26 Experience .. attests 
that our Wills determine .. our corporeal motions .. What 
else means the distinction of the Schools of actions imperate 
and elicit? 1693 G. Firmin Rev. Mr. Davis’ Vind. i. 9 Can 
the Elicite Act of the Will be forced, and yet the Essence 
of the Will be preserved? 1751 CHAMBERS Cyc/. s. v. Will. 

Elicit (“lisit), v. Also 7-8 elicite. [f. L. 
élictt- ppl. stem of éicére: see prec.] 

1. trans. To draw forth (what is latent or po- 
tential) into sensible existence. Also fig. 

1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11. 178 The former 
method, of shewing how to elicite .. the five-fold profit of 
Doctrine, Ri tion, ion, Instruction, and Con- 
solation, 1647 H. More Poems 138 And when he hath that 
life elicited. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. iii. 76 Which 
seminal Principle is .. derived and elicited from the Plant 
or Animal. 1791 Cowper /é/ad xi. 503 Elicited a tinkling 
sound. 1837 * H. Newman Proph. Office Ch. 157 They 
elicit. .the innate sense ofright and wrong. 1853 RoperTson 
Serm. Ser. ut, x. 127 A corrupt heart elicits in an hour all 
that is badin us. 1860 Apter Fauriels Prov, Poetry xii. 
251 cueing elicited sparks from two flints he lighted a large 
fire. 1877 L. Morris Zpic Hades u. g2 Only suffering. .can 
elicit The perfumes of the soul. : 

2. To bring out, educe (principles, truths, etc.) 
Jrom the data in which they are implied. Also, 
to extract, draw out (information) from a person 

Vou, III. 


89 


by interrogation ; sometimes with object clause in- 
troduced by ¢hat. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man.1.i. 25 Although .. the very 
same truths may be elicited. 1795 Burke Scarcity Wks. 
VII. 382 Legislative acts .. require the exactest detail .. in 
order .. to dicit principles. 1845 J. H. Newman Ess. De- 
velopm. 402 The pressure of the controversy elicited ..a 
truth. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed.2) V.88 The matter in dispute 
should be clearly elicited from the contending parties. 
Mod. It was at length elicited that a bribe had been offered. 

3. To draw forth, evoke (a response, manifesta- 


tion, etc.) from a person. 

182z Q. Rev. XXVII. 92 He could not elicit a syllable 
from him on the subject. 1847 DisraELi 7ancred 1. vi. (1871) 
2 The exploits .. elicited frequent bursts of laughter. 1860 

‘YNDALL Glac. 1. § 25. 188 The edge of one [fissure] which 
elicited other sentiments than those of admiration. 

Elicit, obs. pa. pple. of prec. 

1671 True Non-Conf. 493 A..scant act of justice, elicit 
by a visible State-conveniency, 

+Eli-citate, v. Obs. [f. L. e/icét- (see Eicrt v.) 
+-ATE.] = ELIcir. 

1647 H. More Poems 239 Thus may a skilful man hid truth 
elicitate. : 

Elicitation (/li:sité'-fan). [f. as prec. +-ATION.] 
The action of eliciting or drawing forth. (See 
quots. and cf, Exicir a.) 

1656 Hoszes Liberty, Necess. & Ch. (1841) 283 By elicita- 
tion, he understands a persuading or enticing with flattering 
words .. That elicitation which the Schools intend, is a de- 
ducing of the power of the will into act. 1874 O. BRowNson 
Was. V. 573 That the elicitation of the act is not necessary 
.. to salvation. 

+ Elicitive (¢lisitiv), a. Obs. [as if ad. L. 
elicitivus, f. élicére: see Exicir and -1vE.]  Per- 
taining to, of the nature of, ‘elicit acts’; cf. ELIcIT a, 

1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 323 None of these actions are 
the formall or elicitiue actions of Religion. 1660 STILLINGFL. 
Tren. 1, ii. (1662) 41 The internal, formal, elicitive power of 
Order, concerning things in the Church. 

Elicitor (/li‘sitez). [f. Exicrr v.+-or.] One 
who elicits or draws forth. 

1839 Battey estus (1854) 132 The death dispeller, life 
elicitor. 1860 Tristram Gt. Sahara xix. 320 The most 
skilful elicitor of statistics and traditions I ever met with, 

Elicumpany, obs. form of ELECAMPANE. 

Elide (/lei'd), v. Also 7 Sc. elid. [ad. L. 
élid-ére to crush out, f. é out + Zedére to dash.] 

+1. trans. To destroy, annihilate (the force of 
evidence). Ods. 

1593 Hooker Zcc/. Pol. v.iv, The force and strength of 
their arguments is elided. 1637 GitLespir Exg. Pop. Cerem. 
ul. vii. 117 Which doth elude and elide all that which they 
alleadge. 1688 Zss. Magistracy in Harl, Misc. 1.9 They 
transfer a necessity of eliding them by clearer evidences. 

b. Law, esp. Sc. To annul, do away with, 
quash, rebut. [So e/idere in Roman Law. } 

1597 Acts Fas. VI. (1816) 126 They wald haue elidit and 
stayit the samyn to haue bene put to ony probatioun. 1609 
Skene Reg. Maz. 115 He may.. take away, elid, and ex- 
clude his [the persewer’s] action, clame, and petition. 1754 
Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 109 The concurring testi- 
mony of the husband and wite .. is sufficient to elide this 
legal presumption. 1828 Scorr Hrt. Mid/. xii, Whilk un- 
certainty is sufficient to elide the conclusions of the libel. 
1880 MurrHEAD Gaius iv. § 124 He may. .elide the exception, 

2. To strike out, suppress, pass over in silence. 

1847 Grote Greece 1. xxx. IV. 153 Many of them made 
the still greater historical mistake of eliding these last four 
years altogether. 1851 Sir F. Parcrave Norm. & Eng. I. 
75° Gibbon and Sismondi have elided these monarchs, 1870 

OWEN Logic (ed. 2) 133 The predesignations of quantity.. 
belonging to the Predicate are usually elided in expression. 

3. Gram. To omit (a vowel, or syllable) in pro- 
nunciation. Hence Eli-ded /7/. a. 

ry Brit. Crit. (T.), The consonant belonging to the 
elided syllable. 1851 Sir F. PatGrave Norm. & Eng. 1 
7 Some sounds elided, others exaggerated. 1867 A. J. 

tus £. £. Pronunc. 1. iv. 342 It must remain an unde- 
cided question whether Chaucer would or would not have 
elided the vowel. 

+Evligent. Ods. [ad. L. éligent-em, pr. pple. 
of éigére to choose.] One who chooses; also, 
one who elects (to an office) ; = ELEcTOR. 

ay Hacker Ad. Williams u. (1692) 201 In Polonia... 
the eligents who make the King by their vote, are tyed fast 
by their oaths, 1688 Norris Theory Love (1694) 198 That 
which determines the Choice of the Eligent. 

ht, v. Obs. var. (? misprint) of ALIGHT. 

1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph. 200a He had brought the 

horse backe again and had elighted down. 
bility (e:lidzibiliti). [f. next; see -rry.] 

1. Fitness to be chosen or preferred. 

1650 Jer. Taytor Holy Dying v1. iii. (T.) Sickness hath 
some degrees of eligibility, at least by an after-choice. 
1688 Norris Theory Love 1. v. 57 Evill .. must in order to 
eligibility be considered under the formality of good. 

. The condition of being eligible to an office. 

1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5387/1 The Imperial Ambassador 
solicited the Pope for a Brief of Eligibility to the Church 
of Munster, 1771 Burke Sf. Middx. Election Wks. X. 69 
The eligibility of persons to serve in Parliament. 1815 
Hist. Univ. Cambridge 1. 130 The eligibility to which [fel- 
lowships] is not subject to any.. limitations. 1844 Lp. 
Broucuam Brit. Const. vii. (1862) 95 Without any restriction 
whatever upon eligibility, except the period of infancy. 

3. concr. in pl. Eligible courses of action ; also, 
qualities that render (a man) eligible. 

1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. 1. i. § 1 11. 440 [God] hath 
set before us eligibilities in order to cee ends which 


ELIMATION. 


must either be wholly to no purpose, or. .to evil purpose, or 
else .. to a very good purpose. 1865 CarLyLe Freak. Gt. 
II. vir. i, 237 These are his eligibilities, recommending him 


at n. 

Eligible (cligib’l), 2. Also 6 elygyble, 8 
elegible. [a. Fr. cligtble, as if ad. L. *a/igzdzlzs f. 
éligéve to choose.] 

1. Fit or proper to be chosen (for an office or 
position). Const. for, tof, ¢o (an office), zzZo (a 
corporation). 

156r in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford 283 The Mayre 
shold be elygyble. 1604 Epmonps Oéserv. Czsar’s Comm. 
2 These foureteene were such as had serued fiue yeares in 
the warres, whereby they became eligible of that dignitie. 
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. m1. 116 Four Essentials are requisite 
in the Persons Eligible into this Order. 1712 Pripeaux 
Direct. Ch.-Wardens (ed. 4) 44 All others are Elegible. 
1789 Constit. U.S. ii. §1 No person except a natural born 
citizen .. shall be eligible to the office of president. 1832 
tr. Sismondi’s Ital. Rep. vi. 135 They ordained that a 
general list of all the eligible citizens .. should be formed. 
1853 Bricut Sf. Judia 3 June, The natives of India were 
declared to be eligible to any office. 1863 H. Cox /ustzt. 
1. viii. 124 A member of Parliament cannot, without va- 
cation of his seat, be eligible for any other place. 

2. +a. Subject to appointment by election. (0ds.) 
b. (nonce-use). That can be elected (in a certain 
manner). 

1660 R. Coke Power § Subj. 108 King Henry the First 
being requested by the Bishop of Rome to make them [the 
Bishops] eligible. 1739 Se/den'’s Laws -Eng. u. iv. 24 note, 
Both the Chancellor and other Great Officers of State were 
originally eligible by the Parliament. 1843 CARLYLE Past 
& Pr. (1858) 267 Elected and eligible by bribery. 

3. Fit or deserving to be chosen or adopted. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1067 What greater con- 
trariety can there be, as touching things eligible or re- 
fusable, than to say that, etc. 1655-60 STANLEY Ast. 
Philos. (1701) 192/t That he conceiveth the Vertues to be 
eligible in theselves, is manifest. 1748 ANson Voy. 1. ix. 
(ed. 4) 120 The most eligible manner of doubling Cape Horn. 
1851 CARLYLE Sterling 1. xi, It was fixed upon as the 
eligiblest course. 1856 STANLEY Sinat 6 Pad. ii. (1858) 
133 In this equality of mountains, all were alike eligible, 

b. That is a matter of choice or preference. 

1769 Burke Corr, (1844) I. 181, I never looked upon this 
method of petition to the Crown as a thing eligible, but as 
a matter of urgent and disagreeable necessity. 1856 Fr 
aiER /ust. Metaph. Introd. 71 Our selection of a new qu 
tion, as our starting point, is not simply convenient, it is 
constraining : it is not eligible, but inevitable. 

4. (A weakening of sense 3:) That one would 
choose or like: Desirable, acceptable, suitable. 

1761 Hume Hist, Eng. II. xxiii. 75 The condition of the 
commons was nowise eligible. 1802 Mar. EpGewortH 
Mor. T. (1816) I. x. 82 He resolved .. to seek some other 
more eligible situation. 1854 THACKERAY Newcoves 222 
Not a very eligible admirer for darling Rosey. 1863 Faw- 
cett Pol, Econ. u. x. 282 It provides them with the most 
eligible investment for their savings. 1871 Narneys Prev. 
§ Cure Dis. 1. v. 164 Eligible property. 

5. quasi-sd. in £2. Eligible persons or things. 

1844 Calcutta Rev. I, 10 ‘There is no scarcity of brides ; 
and merchants’ clerks and Ensigns are eligibles. 1850 Mrs. 
Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xv. 131 She had, of course, all the 
eligibles and non-eligibles of the other sex sighing at her 
feet. 1881 Athenzuim 23 July 107/3 A choice or preference 
of eligibles. 

Hence Evligibly adv., in an eligible manner. 

1815 JANE AusTeN Emma u. ii, 138 Eligibly and happily 
settled. 

Evligug. dia/. Also 7 elegug, helegug, 
g eligoog. [Derivation unknown: Prof. Rhys 
and the Rev. Silvan Evans do not know it as 
Welsh.] A local name (in South Pembrokeshire) 
applied to certain sea-birds, the Common Guille- 
mot, the Puffin, and the Razor-bill. 

1662 Ray Three tin. 11. 176 This name, elegug, some 
attribute to the puffin, and some to the guillem, 1676 
Witiucusy Ornithologia 244 Anas Artica [i.e. the Puffin] 
Wallis meridionalibus circa Tenby oppidum Guldenhead, 
Bottle-nose & helegug. 1067 Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., 
Eligugs ..called also razor-bills. 1883 Harper's Mag. 
Feb. 350/1 Gulls, razor-bills, and puffins—the birds called 
locally [in Pembroke] ‘ eligoogs’. 

+ Elivke, adj. and adv. Obs. Also 4-6 elik, 
-yk, -yche. A variant form of ALIKE q. v. 

A. adj, Alike, equal. 

1833 Doucias Zneis vi. xiv. 50 Schynand with elyk [v.7. 

na armes paregate. 1855 Scotch Acts, Mary (1814) 507 
That the elike lettre of naturalitie be grantit..to all..the 
said King of Frances subiectis..in the realme of Scotland. 

b. Comb. elike-dele adv., similarly ; elikwis 
adv, = ALIKEWISE. - 

a Alexander 4157 Pe entring of be equinox it euire 
elikerdele kyndils, eos Audit 113 (Jam.) The said 
Laurence is elik wiss bundin, 1495 Acc. Ld. High Treas. 
Scot. 1. 268 Item to the portaris, elikwis..x. li. 

B. adv. * 

@1300 Cursor M. 9984 (Gatt.) pat lastep euer elike [v.7. 
ilik, iliche, elyke] new. /é7d. 25106 pi will in erd be wroght 
elik. ax400 /did. 18446 (Laud) There lyf is lastyng euyr 
elyche. 

E'limate, v. Ods.—° [f. L. élimat- ppl. stem 
of alimare, f. out + lima a file.] trans. To file 
up ; to polish. : 

1656 in Biount Glossogr, 1736 in Bawey. 1775 in Asu. 
1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

+Elima‘tion. 0és.-° [ad. L. éimatiin-em, 
f. Glimare: see prec.] Filing up or polishing. 

1678 in Pups. 1715 in Kersey. sears ip Sener: 


ELIMINABLE. 


Eliminable (/li-minab’l), a. [see ELmminatE 
and -aBLE.] Capable of being eliminated. 

1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. oo 258 Its being elimin- 
able by right apprehension, on the ground of its fal 
is thus establi: 

Eliminant (/li-minant), a. and sé. [ad. L. 
aliminant-em, pr. pple. of dlimindare : see next.] 

A. adj. Expulsive; having power to throw off 
by the excretions (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1876 BartHotow Mat. Med. (1879) 262 The curative power 
.. is .. due to its eliminant action on the mucous and cu- 
taneous surfaces. : 

B. sh. The result of eliminating » variables 
between 2 aongns Yenihtey equations of any degree. 

1881 Burnsipe & Panton 7heor. Equations xiii. 140 The 
quantity R is .. called their Resultant or Eliminant. 1885 
Athenzum 11 Apr. 477/3 Elimi and A ted Roots. 

Eliminate (/li'mine't), v. [f. L. adiminat- ppl. 
stem of éiminare to thrust out of doors, expel, 
f. Z out of + men, limin-is, threshold.] 

1. trans. To thrust out of doors, expel. Now 


somewhat humorous. 

~~ Asp. Parker Lett. (1852) 314 To help eliminate out 
of his [God’s] house this offendicle. 1610 G. FreTcHer 
Christ's Vict. To Rdr., The secound sorte thearfore, that 
eliminate Poets out of their citie gates. 1848 THACKERAY 
Van. Fair xiv, From which [room], with the most engaging 
politeness, she eliminated poor Ferkin. 

+b. To carry out of doors, divulge (secrets). 
Obs. (Cf. Hor. Ep. 1. v. 5.J 

1608 Tuvit Essayes 115. a1619 Fotuersy A theome. 1. x. 
§ 4 (1622) 100 He did eliminate, and divulge the mysteries of 
their gods. 1618 Hates Gold. Kem. (1673) 11. 64 Whatsoever 
..we do, is.. presently eliminated and carried to them, 

+c. To release, set at liberty. Obs. rare—'. 

1742 Younc Nt. TA. 1x. 588 Eliminate my spirit, give it 
range Through provinces of thought yet unexplor’d. 

+2. To pass the threshold of, come out of. rare—'. 

1658 Lovetace Snail in Poems (1864) 209 Th’art hood 
all ore, And ne’r eliminat’st thy dore. 

8. a. Phys. To expel from the body; esf. to 
get rid of (waste matter, foreign substances, etc.) 
from the tissues by excretion. b. Chem. To dis- 
engage, expel (a constituent) from a compound. 

1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) 1. 496 A week or two 
are required to eliminate the mercury from the constitu- 
tion. 1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1. 66/1 The infant just 
eliminated from the uterus. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. 
(1878) 73 Certain plants excrete sweet juice .. for the sake 
of eliminating something injurious from the sap. 1877 Ro- 
SENTHAL Muscles & Nerves 87 An acid is formed, which is.. 
again eliminated and carried away by the blood. 


4. gen. To expel, exclude, remove, get rid of. 
Used both with reference to material and non- 


material objects. 

1714 Lowtn Comm. Isa. Prel. Diss. 62 To be able to dis- 
charge and eliminate the errors. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xvi. 
I. 533 The .. tendency of Herodotus to eliminate from the 
myths the idea of special aid from the gods. 1861 GoscHEN 
For. Exch. 19 Eliminating middle men and intermediate 
profits. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 306 Miss Bronté finds 
it needful to eliminate the supernatural. 1877 W. THomson 
Voy. Challenger 1. i. 30 Which enables the potash to be 
eliminated from the apparatus. 1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. 
Tiele's Hist. Relig. 32 All mythological expressions have 
probably been eliminated. : 

b. fig. To ignore, treat as non-existent, set 
aside as irrelevant (certain elements of a question 
or concept). 

1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke ii. (1879) 30, I forgot the Cor- 
sair's sinful trade .. I honestly eliminated the bad element. 
1859 THackeray Virgin. vi. (1878) 47 Eliminating him from 
the argument. 1870 Luspock Orig. Crviliz. i. (1875) 3 We 
must eliminate these customs from our conception of. that 
condition. P 

5. Algebra. To get rid of (one or more quanti- 
ties) from an equation or set of equations ; esf. to 
get rid of (one or more of the unknown quantities) 
in simultaneous equations by combining two or 
more of the equations; also, to get rid of (one or 
more of the variables) from an analytical equation. 

1845 Penny Cycl. rst Suppi. 1. s.v., If by means of one of 
these we eliminate # from the rest, the process .. would 
allow of our eliminating both x and y by one equation only. 
1875 TopuunTter Ale 89 By this process we are said to 
eliminate the unknown quantity which does not appear in 
the single equation. 1 Mincuin Unipl. Kinemat. 237 
Eliminate x between the given relations. 3 

fig. 1844 Giavstone Glean. V. ii. 82 The Church. .might 
be elimi d like a q' ity from ig those 
fluent materials with which ee conversant, 


such infinite ideas as God, eternity, etc. -. could ever be 
eliminated by either the will, the reason, or the finite evi- 
dence of the finite senses. 1850 t, Iv. i. 
§ 2. 455 We have sought to eliminate the truth by exhibiting 
a. in its full gana ving ons, nad gues & 
mt. i. ii. § 33 (1 23 He would .. main 
fact from all the fasi ig ci ial H. Mac- 
MILLAN True Vine iii. The roots, i eliminate 
ishment from the 1877 E. Conner Bas. Faith 

iv. 183 The corrupt use of ‘eliminate’ for * educe’. 
Elimination (/li:min2'fon). [n. of action f 

L. diminare: see ELIMINATE and -ATION.] 
+1. a. The action of tuming persons out of 


90 


doors, or expelling them from their country ; the 
fact of being thus b. Di ion of 
secrets (cf. ELIMINATE. I b.). @. (See quot. 1809.) 
1601 Br. W. Bartow Defense 178 Fabulous eliminations 
7 Br. Hatt Rem. Wis. (1660) 201 The 

their eliminations. 1809 Edin. 


Jews. .after all 

Rev. XIV. Apr. 20 The process of excluding this prop 
the French Legislative Assembly] is entitled elimination. 
2. sen. Expulsion, casting out, getting rid of 


anything, whether material or immaterial. 

Downe Serm. 221 This difference gives no occasion 
to an Elimination to an extermination of books which 
we call Aj hall. 1833 Sir W. Hamitton in Edin. Rev. 
Apr. 205 An elimination of those less —- and —— 
priate significations, which, etc. 1862 H. Spencer First 
Princ. 1. i.§ 1 (1875) 4 The elimination of individual errors 
ofthought. 1878 A. Gaxax Coal 171 The ual elimina- 
tion of the oxygen and the concentration of the carbon still 
go forward. 1883 H. Draummonp Nat. Law in Spir. W. i. 
(1884) 28 The elimination of mystery from the universe is 
the elimination of Religion. 2 

3. Phys. The process of throwing off (effete and 
waste matter) from the tissues. 

1855 Bain Senses & Int. 11. i.§ 11 (1864) 94 The elimination 
of waste matter from the skin is promoted by exercise. 1877 
Rosentuar Muscles & Nerves 87 In the death-stiffening this 
elimination cannot occur. 

b. ¢ransf. and jig. 

1859 Darwin Orig. ceo xv. (1873) 405 This elimination of 
sterility apparently follows from the same cause. 1— 
Desc. Man \. v. 172 Some elimination of the worst dispo- 
sitions is — in pr 1873 H. Spencer Stud 
Sociol. xiv. 346 That natural process of elimination by whic 
society continually purifies itself. 

4. Algebra. (See ELIMINATE 2. 5.) 

1845 Penny Cycl. 1st Suppl. 1. s.v., As to equations which 
are not purely algebraical .. we cannot .. say that there is 
any organized method of elimination existing, except that 
of solution. 1881 Burnsipe & Panton Theor. Equations 
xiii. (1866) 140 We now proceed to show how the elimination 
may be performed so as to obtain the quantity R. 

“5. catachr. The process of selecting and abstract- 
ing some special element ; also, the process of dis- 
entangling an essential fact or principle from a 
mass of confused details. Cf. Exmmnate 6. 

1869 G. C. Watuicn in Sci. Opin. 10 Feb. 271/2 The eli- 
mination from the surrounding waters of the elements en- 
tering into the composition of body-sub e. 1850 MauRIce 
Mor. & Met. Philos. (ed. 2) 1. 159 He [Plato] was not able 
to apply his dialectic to the elimination of this idea from 
the names or facts in which it was imbedded. 1854 Farapay 
in Lect. on Educ. 68 [Hypotheses] of the utmost value in 
the elimination of truth. 

ative (/li'minativ), a. rare. [f. L. 
éliminat- ppl. stem of éimind-re (see ELIMIN- 
ATE v.) + -IVE.] That eliminates or tends to 
eliminate ; concerned or employed in eliminating. 
Const. of. (See senses of the vb.) 

1861 WynTER Soc. Bees 278 There can be no congestion of 
the internal eliminative organs. 1861 Sat. Rev. 18 May 511 
Baxter's habit of mind might be called essentially elimina- 
tive. 1883 T. M. Post Serm., Anniv. Exerc. Jacksonville, 
ii. 5x (Protestant principles] are naturally .. curative or 
eliminative of the poison of despotism or intolerance, 1883 
Harper's Mag. June 123/2 Diarrhoea presents itself under 
two chief forms—irvitative and eliminative. 

Eliminator (/li‘mineita:). [as ifa. L. *2imin- 
ator, agent-noun f. éliminare to E:rrnatE.] He 
who or that which eliminates. 

1883 Fortn, Rev. Feb. 197 The sarcastic .. get rid of it 
[malice] by its proper eliminator—the tongue. 

Eliminato: (flirminatari), a. rare. [f L. 
éliminat- (see prec.) + -onY.] Of or pertaining 
to elimination ; ap: in Phys. 

1847-9 Cycl. Anat. V. 103/2 Deposits .. tend to prod 
eliminatory action. 1883 G. H. Taytor Health by Exerc. 
380 Fails .. sensibly to promote the ee processes. 

Elingie, var. EyLING, Ods., ‘wing’ of a building. 

Elinge, var. form of ELENGE. Ods. 
te, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. elinguat- 


+ Elingua’ 
ppl. stem of éeingud-re, f. Z out + lingua tongue.] 
trans. To deprive of the tongue. 

1609 J. Davies Holy Roode D 4b, The Diu'll that Div'll 


elinguate for his 
The cutting out 


Hence Blingua‘tion. Ods.—° 
of the tongue. 
1731 and 1736 in Bartey. 1778 in Asx; and in mod. Dicts. 
+ , a. Obs. rare—'. [as if f. a vb. 
*elingue, ad. L. élinguare (see prec.) +-ED.] De- 
prived of the tongue; hence fig. tongue-tied, 


Elingued. So 1847 in Craic; J 
+ Bli+ uament. Oés. [as if ad. L. *2iguament- 
um, {, eligua-re to clarify, strain.] ‘A fat juice 


squeezed out of flesh’ (Phillips 1678). 

1623 CocKERAM, Eliquament, fatnesse of fish, o 
1656 in Blount Glossogy. 1721-1800 in BaILey. 1775 in Asx; 
and mod. Dicts. 

Eliquate (e'likwe't), v. Also 7 eliquat. [f. 
L. be Ar ppl. stem of éliguare, f. out + liquare 
to melt. 

+1. trans. a. To melt (by heat), fuse. b. To 
liquefy. ¢. To cause to roe! freely. os Revie 

née Vices, Tobe (co) 6 It ligne Oo Pee 


P: Trans. 
L. 196 Its eliquation indeed could mot be go remarkable as 
in 
2 ive quots.) Cf. ELIQUATE 2. 
1753 Cuampers Cycl. Su; re i 
ontslon of te dca pois mixed bodies dif. 
ferent d of fire required to melt them. 1822 Imison Sc. 
& Art Il. 224 To a ity of silver from 


-.a small 

sis ie, Saeco sorte eee 

YMOND Sey 7 
pn Aaa rg ie ok to eh she moe heal of its hes 
ients, but not the less fusible. 

+ Eli‘quidate, v. Ods. rarve—'. [f. E- prea 
+Liquipate.] ‘vans. To make clear, explain. 
1596 HarincTon sag Metamorphosis of Ajax, Wherein 


see ELIDE.] 
1. The action of dropping out or suppressing 
a. a letter or syllable in pronunciation ; b. a pas- 
sage in a book or connecting links in discourse. 
Also an instance of either of these. 
1581 Sipney A fol. Poetrie (Arb.) 70 The Italian is so full 
of Vowels, that it must euer be cumbred with £iisions. 
1589 Puttennam Eng. Poesie u. xiili). (Arb.) x If there 
were no cause of elision. 1710 STEELE Tatler No. 230. P6 
The. . Elisions, by which C of most obd Sound 
are joined together. “~~ Hor. Smitn 7in Trump. 1.2 
Standard words .. are arbitrarily cut off by elision. 1870 
vows — iii. 57 = science claims, therefore, to fill up 
ri oe, = m 
+2. Llision of the air: formerly assigned as the 
cause of sound (see quot.). Ods. 
1626 Bacon Sy/va § 124 The Cause given of Sound, that 
by, if they mean 


it should be an Elision of the Air (w! 
anything, they mean Cutting or Dividing, or else an 
uating of the Air) is but a Terme of Ignorance. 1660 

New Exp. Phys.-Mech. Digress. 346 The Production 
Modulation of the Voice by the Elision of the Air. 

3. A breaking (so as to make a gap) by me- 
chanical force. (Scarcely a recognised Eng. use.) 
1760 tr. Fu Ulloa, Voyage to S. Amer. (1772) Ul. 
the sea i these cavities .. by Rape a! 
elisions. 
half in ruins, and even those 

crippled by elisions. 
Elisional (/li-zon4l), a. rare. [f. prec. +-at}.] 


Of or pertaining to elision. 
1866 Keader 2 June 536 Prado be pronounced Pra’o 
ely-, 


.. but it need not be spelt with the elisi 
Elisor (e'lizer), sd. Also 5 ellyser, 
elizour, -zar, -zor, 6-8 eslisor, 6 eslior. [a. 
OF. elisour, f. elis- stem of e/ire to choose.] One 
who elects. 
pr Caxton Higds non VII Eurre sb. 
oe tr. 7 . see ELITE 
a Rastett Pastyme, Wit. jdm oy 3}, Made a 4 
rour .. by the vii. elyzours of Almay — Fr. Hist. 7% 
Brandonburgh 


e markes one of the elizours of the em 4 
perour, 5 
2. Law. One of two persons appointed in cer- — 
tain cases to select a jury. 3 
1628 Coxe On Litt, 158 a, court shall t certain — 
elisors or esliors. 1768 Biackstone Come. ILI. 355. 


H. Cox /nstit. 1. iii. 352 Where the sheriff is not an 
ferent person . .the may be directed .. to two elisors 
or electors, who name the jury. ae 
Blist, var. of Eyz-ist, Ods., a defect. 3 
+ Elite, 53.1 Obs. In4ellite,5 elyte. [a. OF. 

elit (in same use), pa. . of elire: see ELITE 2. 
Aree eae “Rolls) VIL. 158 of 

4 5 see 

nee was Se ts pe dies (Harl. Tris Fe per q 
Harl. MS. 1900 ellites; Caxton be aged Lat. ad ae 
electis). ¢ 1425 WyNTOUN Cron. vu. 3e0 Rychard a 
chape in ie pede Conan he ep contealess SEES : 
twa % = 
Elite, s02 Obs. rare-". [a. OFr, elite= 
Mec cee caren. (ites) exp Pe pope Wild mat 
<e RUNNE Chron. (1810) 209 Pe pape ; 


v. Obs. 
f. OF. (eslit) elit, obs. pa. pple. 
sons trans. To choose}; to elect to office. 


ELITROPE. 


. e400 Destr. Troy 1491 Of his Deghter ..One Creusa was 
cald .. pat Eneas afterward elit to wed. 1461 T. Denes 
in Paston Letters, No. 397 (1874) II. 22 He may not of 
reson do so largely .. be cause he is elyted, as the Comons 


eae 
+Elitrope. Os. rare—1. [var. of HELIoTROPE.] 
Some kind of precious stone. Cf. ELUTRopIA. 

1609 Will of Sir R. Lee (Som. Ho.) Cheyne of elitrope. 
[1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirror of Stones % Elitropia, or Eli- 
tropus, is a green gem..sprinkled with bloody spots. ] 

Elixate (/lik-, e'likseit), v. [f, L. aixat- ppl. 
stem of éixare to boil, stew.] 

1. trans. To boil, seethe ; to extract by boiling. 

1623 in Cockeram. 1631 Bratrawait Whimzies 62 Elixate 
your antimonie. 1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 162 Its 
enough to elixate a few simples in water on a slow fire. 
1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

2. To steep (in water); to macerate. 

1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. pe The Caput mortuum 
being elixated by warm water will give an Alcali. 1805 
Grecor in Phil, Trans. XCV. 345 The brownish-gray mass 
was elixated with distilled water, which dissolved nearly 
the whole of it. 

Hence Elixated ppl. a. 

1823 P. Nicuotson Pract, Build, 334 The elixated ashes 
of divers vegetables. : ; 

lixation (7lik-, elikséi-fon). [as if ad. L. 
*elixationem, f{. élixare: see ELIXaTE v. and 
-ATION.] 

1. The action of boiling or stewing. 

1605 TimMe Quersit. u1. 190 Elixation .. is a concoction 
made by a moyst heate of a thing indifinitely existing in 
a humour. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 113 Finally they 
serue to moysten the guts, that their concoction may be 
celebrated by elixation or boyling. 1757 WaLKER in Pil. 
Trans. L, 122 After elixation the water Biber of a turbid 
yellow colour with ochre. ‘ ; 

2. Concoction in the stomach ; digestion. 

162x Burton Anat. Mel. 1.i.u.v, Elixation, is the boyling 
of meat in the stomacke, by the said naturall heat. 1651 
Biccs New Disp. 96 The rest of the pouder, as it is not 
overcome by elixation, so it continues in a permanency of 
indigestion in the stomack. : 

- Eli-xed, ppl. a. Obs. rare. [f. L. elix-us (cf, 
ELIXATE) + -ED. 

a. Boiled; hence, refined by boiling, distilled ; 
also Je. b. Macerated or steeped in water. 

1602 Marston Antonio & Mel.1. Prol., The pur’st elixed 
juyce of rich conceipt. 1665-6 Phil. Trans. I. 46 Being laid 
ina heap, are covered with other elixed or dramed Ashes. 

Elixir (‘lixo1), sé. Forms: 4 elixir, 5-7 
elixar, -er, (6 alixer). [a. med.L. elixir (cf. Fr. 
élixir, It. eléssire, Sp. elixir, Pg. elexir),ad. Arab. 


pl, al-iksir (=sense 1), prob. ad. late Gr, 


énprov ‘ desiccative powder for wounds’. 

1. Alchemy. A preparation by the use of which 
it was sought to change metals into gold. Some- 
times identified with ‘the philosopher’s stone’ ; 
but perh. of wider meaning, including powders, 
liquids, or vapours used for the same purpose. 
Also elixir-stone. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Chan, Yem. Prol. § T. 310 The philo- 
sophre stoon, Elixir clept, we sechen fast echoon, 1471 
Ruipey Comp. Alch. in Ashm. 188 Thow must devyde thy 
Elixer whyte into yes two. 1584 R. Scor Discov. 
Witcher, xiv. ii. 295 The philosophers stone, called Alixer. 
1614 Row.Lanps Fooles Bolt 9 Fryer-Bacon .. could teach 
Kelley the Elixar stone. 1 Mixton P. LZ, m1. 607 What 
wonder then if fields and regions here Breathe forth elixir 
pure, and Rivers run Potable Gold. 1676 Hate Contemp. 
1, 297 A Good Man is like the Elixir, it turns Iron into Gold. 
1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. (1864) IX. x1v. iii. 159 Roger Bacon 
sought .. a transmuting Elixir with unlimited powers, 

b. transf. and fg. 

1635 QuarLes Emi. 1. iv.(1718)202 True fear’s the Elixir, 
which in days of old Turn’d leaden crosses into crowns of 

Id. 1663 CowLey Verses § Ess. (1669) 130 She taught him 
ovis Elixar, by which Art, His Godhead into Gold he did 
convert, 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 51, I shall bless the 
kindly wrench that .. left all grace Ashes in death’s stern 
alembic, loosed elixir in its place. z 

2. A supposed drug or essence with the property 
of indefinitely prolonging life; imagined by the 
alchemists to be either identical with, or closely 
related to, the ‘elixir’ of sense 1. More fully, 
Elixir of life (tr. med.L. elixir vite). 

[1266 Rocer Bacon Opus Minus (Rolls Ser.) 314 Medicinam 
..quam philosophi vocant Elixir .. Si libra medicinz proji- 
ciatur super mille plumbi fiet .. aurum.. Et hoc est quod 
corpora infirma reducet ad sanitatem..et vitam..ultra con- 
tenarios annorum pee y 1605 TimME Quersit. 1. xiii. 
(Mercury, sulphur, and salt]. . brought into one bodie (which 
the Arabians call elixir) .. wil be .. a medicine, etc. x 
Gopwin St. Leon IV. 324 The .. secrets of alchemy an 
the elixir vite. 1815 Moorr Ladla RX, (1824) 136, I know 
too where the Genii hid The jewell’d cup of their king 
Jamshid With Life’s elixir sparkling high. 1826 Miss Mir- 
ForD Village Ser. u. (1863) 318 Honey .. was, in her mind 
.. the true elixir vite. 183: Brewster Nat. Magic xii. 
(1833) 299 Though the elixir of life has never been distilled. 
3873 Dixon Two Queens I, u.i. 75 Carillo had been glad 
to toy with magic, and pursue the elixir of life. 

b. A sovereign remedy for disease. Hence 
adopted as a name for quack medicines, as Daffy’s 
Elixir, etc. 

1631 Massincer Emp. of East w. iv, A little cyath or 
quantity of my potable elixir. 1633 P. Frercner Purple 
si. x11. li, The best Elixar for souls drooping pain. | 1681 
Asumote Diary 11 Apr., I took early in the morning a 


91 


‘ood dose of elixer. 1681 Loud. Gaz. No. 1679/4 Anthony 
affy, Author of the Famous Elixir Salutis. 1713 Guardian 
No. 11(R.) The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human 
nature. 1724 Ramsay 7ea-7. placate I. 79 Take your 
Fe to clear your een, "Tis the elixir heals the spleen. 1753 
HAMBERS Cyc, Supf., An universal medicine .. called by 
way of excellence, the grand elixir. 1768-74 Tucker Lé. 
Nat. (1852) 11. 234 A sip of Daffy’s elixir.. has proved a 
powerful means of grace. 1830 Scorr Demonol. v. 144 Be- 
fore he established the reputation of his. . elixir, or pill. 
+3. A strong extract or tincture. Ods. exc. Hest. 

1597 Br. Hatt Sazé. 11. iv. 43 And bring quintessence of elixir 
pale Out of sublimed spirits minerall. 1673 Grew Axat. 
Roots u. §60 The remainder, is..an Oleous Elixyr, or 
extract, in the form ofa Milk. 1677 W. Harris tr. Lemery's 
Chym, (ed. 3) 630 The name Elixir has been given to many 
Infusions or Tinctures of spirituous bodies prepared in 
spirituous Menstruums. 1820 Scort A déo¢ xxvii, That elixir 
being in truth a curious distillation of rectified acetum. | 

b. fg. The quintessence or soul of a thing; its 
kernel or secret principle. 

1638 Cuittincw. Relig. Prot. 1, Pref. § 1 The Spirit and 
Elixir of all that can be said in defence of your Church and 
Doctrine. 1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. u. (1851) 181 A distill’d 
quintessence, a pure elixar of mischief, pestilent alike to all. 
1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxiv. 366 The chief elixir of its 
[love’s] nature is founded in the excellency of a spirit that 
suffers for another’s sake. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 31x Sometimes the rank unmitigated elixir, 
the family vice, is drawn off in a separate individual. 

4. Pharmacy. (see quot.) Elixir of vitriol: 
aromatic sulphuric acid. Paregoric elixir: see 
PAREGORIC. 

1736 Baicey s.v., An Elixir is a compound magistery, i. e. 
a composition of various bodies chang’d after the same man- 
ner as a single body. 1783 F, Micuaetis in Med. Commun. 
I. 350 He ordered her .. a gargle of decoction of bark, with 
elixir of vitriol. 1871 Napneys Prev. § Cure Dis. 1. viii. 
203 Elixir of calisaya bark. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Elixir, a 
preparation similar to a compound tincture. Also applied 
to_a compound of many drugs with syrup and spirit. 

5. Bot, Elixir of Love: an orchid (Gramma- 
tophyllum speciosum), a native of Java. Also a 
decoction made from the seeds of this plant. 

6. Comb., as elixir-like adj. 

1631 Drayton Poems I. (1753) 201 O tears! Elixir-like 
turn all to tears you touch. a 1631 Donne Poewts (1650) 165 
Soft dispositions which ductill be, Elixar-like, shee makes 
not cleane, but new. 

li-xir, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. sb.] trans. 
To distil as an elixir; to work upon as by an 
elixir. Also adso/l. Hence Eli:xired Z//. a., con- 
centrated, refined. Also fig. 

1658 Lovetace Jo ¥. Hall Wks. (1864) 252 Thou hast so 
spirited, elixir’d, we Conceive there is a noble alchymie. 
— Toad & Spider 200 Then in his self the lymbeck turns, 
And his elixir’d poyson urns. 1660 OcNeLL Elegy in Love- 
lace’s Wks. (1864) 289 This elixir’d medecine, For greatest 

rief a soveraign anodyne. 1687 Elegy on Cleveland in 

ks, 277 Rich in Elixar’d Measures, and in all That could 
breath Sense in Airs Emphatical. 

+ Elixirate, v. Ods. [f. Exrxm +-arTe3,] 

a. trans. To distil; to refine by distillation. 
Also aésol. b. To cleanse in general, to purify. 

1605 TIMME bbe Pref. 7 Every meane Apothecarie ., 
should wel understand how to elixerate. 1694 WESTMACOTT 
Script. Herb. 27 Every chymical and rational brain can 
elixyrate such domestic wines. /déd. 216 The volatile parts 
.. ascend to the brain and heart .. elixirating the animal 
spirits. 1733 PAil. Trans. X XXVIII. 64 By the Means of 
these Salts .. the Faces Alvine are the better elixirated. 

Hence Eli-xirated £//. a. 

1657 Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 321 Imagining your self 
to be Master of these elixerated Oyls, and essencificated 
Salts. 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol, Ess. 125 Graduated to so 
high an elixerated liquor. 

+ Elixi-viate, v. Chem. Obs. rare. [f. E- 
pref + LIxIviaTE to clear oflye.] ‘vans. To clear 
from lixivium or lye; to refine thoroughly. Hence 
Elixi-viate, Elixi-viated //. a., that has lost 
its lye, that has lost its essential properties. 
Elixi:via‘tion, steeping in water for the sake of 
extracting the lye. 

1674 Phil. Trans. IX. 70 Several Minerals .. are to the 
taste altogether insipid and elixiviated. 1675 Evetyn Terra 
(1729) 42 By the Air, the most efflete and elixiviated Mould 
comes to be repair'd. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. x1x. 
852 Salt of Vitriol is prescribed to be made. .of an elixiviate 
Colcothar. 1684-5 BoyLe Min. Waters 23 Examining these 
substances by .. elixiviation. 1748 Phil. Trans. XLV. 542 
The Art of converting .. Wood-ashes into Pot-ash, without 
the .. Process of Elixiviation. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 
I. 6 The artificial, are those that are extracted .. by.. 
elixiviation. ¥ 

+ Elizabeth. Ods. A coin of Queen Elizabeth. 
Jae STEELE Tatler No. 245 ® 2 An Elizabeth and Four 

acobus’s. 

Elizabethan (/li:zabz"pan), @. and sb. Also 
9 Elizabethian. [f. ELIzABETH + -AN.] 

A. adj. Belonging to the period of Queen 
Elizabeth. ~ ; 

1817 CoteripcE Biog. Lit. I. xxii. 166 Daniel, one of the 
golden writers of our golden Elizabethian age. 1840 CARLYLE 
Heroes (1858) 261 This glorious Elizabethan Era. 1887 J. 
W. Hates 3 Elizab. Comedies in Macm. Mag. May 61/2 
He is. .never to flog him the [pupil] when he cannot say his 
lesson — a peculiar hardship to an Elizabethan teacher. 

2. Of dress, furniture, architecture: In the style 
in vogue during the period of Queen Elizabeth. 
Also of language, literary form, etc. 

1840 Hoop Uf Rhine 307 A large Elizabethan ruff. 1869 


ELKEN. 


Daily News 15 Mar., Inthe drama ‘ Lady Grace,’ the con- 
trast between modern manners and Elizabethan language 
is rather incongruous. 1874 ParKER Goth. Archit. 1. ii. 20 
The Elizabethan style..is a mixture of the old English and 
the ruder Italian of the Renaissance. 

B. sé. A person (esp. a poet or dramatist) of 
the period of Queen Elizabeth. Chiefly f/. 

1881 A thenxum 12 Nov. 623/3 The murders and adulteries 
that .. had pleased the Elizabethans. 1882 Grosart Sen- 
ser’s Wks. III. Introd. 62 Our Elizabethans, Lodge and 
Greene especially. 1884 Athengum 22 Mar. 386/2 The 


savage sublimity of the Elizabethans. ; 
Elizabethanize (/li:zabz-panaiz). [f. prec. + 
-ISE.]_ ¢vans. To give an Elizabethan character 


to. Hence Elizabe‘thanized f//. a. 

1841 Fraser's Mag. XXIII. 335 A man who built himself 
a residence Elizabethanised upon a moderate scale. 

Elk (elk)1. Forms: 5-7 elke, (6 alke), 6 
elcke, 7- elk. See also ALcE. [Of obscure history: 
the existing word is not the normal phonetic 
representative of OE. elch, e/h (eolh), and is 
probably ad. MHG. e/ch (:—OHG. elaho). The 
relation of the ON. edg-r (Sw. eg) :—type *algt-< 
to the OE. and German words (:—types *e/ho-, 
*elhon-) is uncertain. The Eng. form a/ke was in- 
fluenced by L. alces, Gr. ddAxn (cf. ALCE), which 
appear only as the name of an animal living in 
northern Europe (app. the elk), and are probably 
adopted from Teut. or some other northern lang.] 

1. The largest existing animal of the deer kind 
(Ales malchis), inhabiting large portions of North- 
ern Europe and of North America. The American 
variety is also called the Moosg, (In quot. 1541 
the name seems to be applied to some English 
species of deer.) 

[a 700 Epinal Gloss. 233 Cer{v]us, elch. 800 Corpus 
Gloss, 443 Cerlvjus, elh. bid. 2054 Tragelaphus, elch. 
agoo Leiden Gloss., Damma, elha.] 1486 Bk. St. Albans 
Diij b, The symplest of theis iij will slee an Hynde calfe, 
a Fawn, a Roo, an Elke. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 6 It 
shall be lawfull..to have, exercise, and vse their hand- 
gounnes..so that it be at no maner of deere. .or wild elke. 
(1555 Even Decades W. [nd.(Arb.) 305 Bisontes which in 
theyr toonge [Swedish] they caule Elg (that is) wild asses.] 
1577 Harrison Descr. Eng. m1. v. (1877) 1. 29 Plowing with 
vres .. and alkes a thing commonlie vsed in the east coun- 
tries. 1607 TopseLt Four-f. Beasts 169 The Elk on the 
contrary is most impatient of all heat. 1629 Carr. SmiTH 
Trav. § Adv. xv. 28 These Tartars possesse many. .plaines, 
wherein feed Elkes, Bisones, Horses .. and divers others. 
1682 Mitton Hist. Mosc. ii. (1851) 482 Those Messengers. . 
made report of .. people riding on Elks. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. 
Hist, 11, 82 It is known in Europe by the name of the e/k, 
and in America by that of the Afoose-deer, 1836 W. Irvin 
Astoria (1849) 196 They saw .. frequent gangs of stately 
elks, -1853 KincsLey Hyfatia xxii. 281 Followed by .. 
elks from beyond the Danube. 

2. Applied to certain species of deer: e.g. to the 
‘Irish Elk’, an extinct animal (Cervus megaceros), 
which inhabited Ireland in prehistoric times ; and 
to the Canadian Deer or Wapiti (Cervus cana- 
densis). 

1884 Miss Hickson /re/. in 17th C, I. Introd. 11 Celts 
and Saxons being as extinct in Ireland as the ancient elk. 

3. A species of antelope: the ELanD or Cape- 
elk. 

173 Men ey Koléen’s Cape G. Hope 11. 110 The haunts 
of the African Elks are generally on high mountains, on 
good pasture grounds, and near good springs. 1786 tr. 
Sparrman’s Voy. Cape G. H. 11. 264 The Cape elk, or more 
properly the elk-antilope, is a name given by the colonists 
to a species of gazel. 

4. Comb. as elk-skin ; also elk-bark, Magnolia 
glauca; elk(’s)-horn, a kind of fern, Platycerium 
alcicorne ; elk-horse, a horse employed in hunting 
the elk; elk-nut, Hamiltonia oleifera; elk-tree, 
Andromeda arborea; elk-wood Andromeda arbo- 
vea and Magnolia macrophylla; elk-yard, a kind 
of habitation made by the elk. 

1865 Gosse Land §& Sea (1874) 330 ote, The *Elk-horn 
fern. 1882 J. Harpy in Proc. Brew. Nat. Club IX. tps 
The Elk’s-horn fern. 1888 Century Mag. Jan. 451/2 The 
**elk’ horses received three-quarters forage at night anda 
quarter forage in the morning. x759 Harte Gust. Adolphus 
II. 321 He wore..an *elkskin buff-waistcoat. 1868 Woop 
Homes without H. xxxi. 612 That curious temporary habi- 
tation. . popularly termed an *Elk-yard. 

+ Elk?2. Ods. rave. Also 6 elke (see quots.). 

1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c.9 §6 No bowyer shall sell .. 
any bowe of ewe of the taxe called elke, aboue the price of 
sliis. iiiid. rd Cowet Juterpr., Elk, a kind of ewe 
to make bowes of. 

+ Elk (elk) 3. Forms: 6-7 elke, 7 f/. elkys, 
y- elk. The Wild Swan or Hooper (Cygnus 


| ferus). Also the Wild Goose (Azas anser). 


1552 Hutoet s. y. Swanne, Some take thys to be the elke, 
or wild swanne. 162t Marxuam Fowdling (1655) 6 Such 
as liue of the water and on the water, are wild Swannes or 
Elkes. 1674 Ray Water Fowl 95 The Elk, Hooper, or 
wild Swan. 1691 — Local Wds. 129 Elkys, Wild Geese. 
1709 Deruam in Phil. Trans. XXVI. 466 Cygnus ferus, the 

lk, or Hooper, or Wild Swan. 1839 Proc. Berw, Nat. 
Club, 1. 189 Both of these were of the common or elk 
species, 

+ Evlken, v. Obs. vare-1 [? var. of OLHNE to 
flatter.] ? To flatter, propitiate. 

a 1400-50 Alexander 163 Pai.. Honourd him with off: 
ryngs & elkend him fayre. 

12-2 


ELL. 


Ell! (el). Forms: 1-7 eln, 2-7 elne, 3-6 
ellen (3 a nellen to ak.alin), (4 ellyn, 6 eline), 
6 el, 5-7 elle, 6- ell. [Com. Teut.: OE. ¢/n, str. 
fem. = MDu. e/ne, elle (Du. e/), OHG. elina 
(MHG. e/ne, mod.G. elle), ON. gln, alin (Sw. 
aln, Da. alen), Goth. aleina (? scribal error for 
*alina) cubit: —OTeut. *a/ind, whence med.L. 
alena, It., OSp., OPg. alna, F. aune. The OTeut. 
bes (a compound of which is ELBow) meant 

Fy and arm or fore-arm, and is cogn. with Gr. 

L. ulna, of same meaning. 

“The diversity of meanings (see below) is common to all 
words denoting linear measures derived from the length of 
the arm; cf. Cusrr and L. uéna. The word e// seems to 
have been variously taken to represent the distance from the 
elbow or from the shoulder to the wrist or to the pe papa 
while in some cases a ‘double ell’ has superseded the ori- 
ginal measure, and has taken its name.) 

1. A measure of length varying in different 
countries. The English ell = 45 in.; the Scotch 
= 37-2; the Flemish = 27 in. Now only Hist. 
or with reference to foreign countries, the Eng. 
measure being obsolete. 

In early use often in sing. when preceded by numerals. 

¢1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 27 Hwyle eower maz .. Ze- 
pencan pet he ge-eacnize ane elne [950 Lindis/. elne an vel 
enne; 1160 Hatton enne elne] to hys anlicnesse. c 1000 
ZE.rric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 158 Udna, eln. c 1250 Gen. 
& Ex. 586 So wunderlike it wex and get Dat fiftene elne it 
ouer-flet. 1 R. Giouc. (1724) 429 False elnen & mesures 
he bro3te al cleneadoun. a@1300 Cursor M. 1675 A schippe 

.-Seuen score ellen lang and ten. /éid. 1838 Pe flod ouer 
raght seuen eln and mare. 1487 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 
All merchandises .. used to be measured with Eln or Ved 

1502 ARNOLDE Chiron. (1811) 204 Item a Fil ell conteyneth 
iil q’t’s of an Eng. yarde, and v. q’t’s of y* Fllell makith an 
Eng. ell. 1520 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 119 Aellen of yolow 
velvett. 1542 Recorpe Gr. Artes (1575) 207, 3 Foote and 9 
Ynches make an Elle. 1597 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. iv. 88 
O, here’s a wit of Cheuerel, that stretches from an eh 
narrow to an ell broad ! 1609 Skene Reg. May. 57 
Davids common elne conteines threttie seven uaa 
inches. 1625-8 N. R.tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. u. an. 17 
(1635) 180 A monstrous Whale. .whose length was. .twenty 
of our Elnes. 1633 Eart Mancu. AZ Mondo (1636) 138 Ere 
long two ells of earth shall serve, whom scarce a world 
could satisfie. 1753 Hanway 7yrav. (1762) I. vi. lxxxviii. 
408, ro2z Ells dantzig make 50 ells english. 1805 ForsyTH 
Beauties Scotl, 11. 275 The ell by which their acres have 
been measured (called the barony ell) contains 42 inches, 
whereas the common ell made use of in the country is only 
38 inches. 1837 Cartyte Fr, Kev. II. 1. ix. 58 Tearful women 
wetting whole ells of cambric in concert. 

b. fig. Contrasted with zach, span, etc.; esp. 
in proverbial phrase, Give him an inch and he'll 
take an ell: meaning that undue advantage will be 
taken of a slight concession. 

1562 J. Heyvwoop Prov. & Efpigr. (1867) 78 Ye liked 
. better an Ynche of your Wyll, Than an ell of your thrift. 
1580 H. Girrorp Gil/oflowers (1875) 57 Whereas shee tooke 
an inche of liberty before, tooke an ell afterwardes. 1633 
G. Herpert Temple, Ch.-porch ad fin., Lifes poore span 
Make not an ell by trifling in thy wo. 1643 Myst. /nig. 
40 That tig but a Yard, they took an Ell. 1653 Bocan 
Mirth Chr. Life 305 Have a care of taking an ell, when 
you have but an inch allowed you. 1798 Canninc Bally- 
nahinch v, in Anti-Facobin 9 aly, Tho’ they still took an 
ell when we gave them an inch 

ce. As a fluid measure. 

(Several correspondents inform us that they remember 
seeing the announcement ‘ Beer sold by the yard’, on the 
signboards of teem thats the reference being to the 
- narrow glasses about a yard high.) 

Lovetace Poems ‘or Elles of Beere, Flutes of 
Gane Thankes freest, freshest, Faire Ellinda. 

+2. A measuring rod; = Eut-wanp. Phrase, 
To measure with the long ell, with the short ell: to 
measure unfairly as buyer or seller respectively. 

1474 a Chesse 119 In hys right hand an elle for to 
mesure if be -_— Sipney Anadis (1622) 62 The night 
measured by the short ell of sleepe. 1637 R. Monro E-xfed. 
u. 46 Sometimes the Souldiers (the worst sort of them) 
measured the packes belonging to the Marchants with the 
long ell. 1656 Br. HALt Soliloquies 78 Thus spake a true 
Idol’s Priest that knew no ell, whereby to ues religion, 
~ profit. ap Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. off The mercer 

c= seeing the pa ae Peeks + can cut off her quantity 

ess, without. ell to measure it, 
b. Se. Kags ell; ‘Orion’s belt’: = E.t- 
WAND 3. Ods. 

a1605 Montcomerie FJ; ee 118 Be the 
hounen, the handstaff nd the King e 

+3. Long ell: a pastieniar ind of cloth. Oés. 

1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 198 ssn long 
ells, druggets, broadcloth, BERKELEY ¢t § 520 
Fine — in Somersetshire, long ells at Exeter, 

+4. As a rendering of L. w/na: The larger bone 
of the fore-arm. Ods. 

1615 Crooxe Body of Man 903 The other externall branch 
at the middle of the Ell shooteth out a propagation from 
his outside. 1634 T. Jounson tr. iy Chirurg. Vi. Xxvi. 
147 The Ell, or bone of the cubit two mpgnaiens, 

5. Comb., as ell-broad, -long, ~wide adjs. ; + ell- 
glass (see Ic.) ; +ell-ridge, an old lan “measure ; ; 
+ ell-yard, an ell-measure, Also ELL-WAND. 
ol ree sae 37 The bredth of it is *elme broade. 

hant’s Wareho. 20 This being the last 
Sb ele rae ee econ 
1682 Way to make Rumin Harl. Misc. 1. 541 The 
commonly drink whole tankards,and *ell-glasses,ata 
1832 Tour German Prince 111. 1. 36, 1 ate a good Caste. 


92 


and then added to this *ell-long letter. 1756 Extract fr. 
MS. Let., Peter Guffin (aged 82 in 1736) was quainted 
with such an old measure of land as but 
had heard it contained 60 Es Caveat 
for Prof. iv. 


wir Ga Ce yor 210 


vents witaadiy oll tos tha loos of 
Ell? (el), da/. [?var. of ele, AisLE: see Ey- 
by A shed placed against a building; =Ey- 
LING 2, 
1888 Pall Mall G. 6 June 6/1, 1 had occasion to oo 


the ell of a dwelling-house. On removing the old ell . 
rat’s nest was found when it was joined tote mata stractinrs. 
Ellagate (« ati [f. Extacic: see -aTE 4,] 
A salt of ellagic aci 
1819 beeing Chem. “dna spd —— of potassa forms 
brillian Pa the el atrs Dict. Chem. 
Ss. Vv. Ellavic, e cingates are poms known; many of them 


Ellagic (eledzik). [ad. Fr. el/agigue, f. ellag, 
anagram of gail/e gall-nut: see -1c. The name 
Ga.uic had been pre-occupied by another acid 
obtained ftom galls) 

Ellagic acid: Cy 1» (Watts Dict. Chem. 3rd 
Suppl.); originally obtained from oak-galls; found 
also in bezoar, whence the synonym bezoartic acid. 

1810 Henry Elem. Chem. (1840) II. 243 Ellagic acid..is a 
tasteless white powder, so of buff. 1819 CuitpREN 
Chem. Anal, 277 a acid dissolves in concentrated 
sulphuric acid. 1882 Watts Dict. Chem. s.v. 

amy, var. of E-La-M1, Ods. 

+ Evllan. Oés. [a. Fr. dan, a. Ger. elend; the 
Ger. word has been adopted through Du. in dif- 
ferent sense 4s ELanD.] The Elk (Ales malchis). 

1613 Purcnas Pilgr. I. vi. iv. 630 [Newfoundland and 
Nova Francia] The Ellan, Deare, Seagee, and Beare, are 
their game. _c1682 J. Cottins Making Salt in Eng. 99 
Deer called Ellans as big as Oxen. 

Ellar, dial. form of ELDER sé.1, ALDER}. 

Ellarn(e, obs. form of Exper sé.1 

Elle, obs. rare var. of ILL; ?also of ELSE. 

Ellebore, -bory, obs. forms of HELLEBORE. 

Elleck (elék). A kind of fish: the Red Gur- 
nard, 7rigla cuculus. 

1862 Coucn Brit. Fishes 11. 19 The Elleck is caught on 
the west coast of England and Ireland at all seasons. 
1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Elleck, the trivial name of 
the Trigla cuculus. 

Ellen, obs. and dial. form of ELDER sé.1 

+ Evllend. Ods. [a. Ger. elend: cf. Exanp, 
Extan.] An elk. 

1616 SurFLet Country Farm 150 The Ellend hath eares 
like unto an Asse. 

Elle-maid, -maiden. A half-adoption, half- 
transl. of Da. e//e-pige elf-girl. 
I Keicuttey Fairy Mythol. 2 
Gemay bear a very atone Tae fe Hal to the Elle-maids 
of Scandinavia. a 1859 L. Hunt Shewe Faire Seem. xxv, 

Like trunk of dread Elle-maiden, roe Tne 

+ E-llenmas. (és. [f. Zien = Helena + Mass ; 
cf. Christmas, Martinmas, etc. ] St. Helena’s day; 
but the date intended is uncertain. 

‘Two saints of the name were commemorated in England : 
*St. Helen the virgin,’ perhaps the one whose Lo 
May 22; and Helena we mother of Constantine. 
latter is probably intended here ; her festival is Aug. 18, 
but the Sarum eee assigns ‘Saynt Elene’ to 


re 18, the date of her 
397 Vestry Bks, (Surtees) 1 About St St Ellenmas Mr 


Dane keepinge Court here att ittingtom 1621 in Naworth 
Househ. Bks. (Surtees) 141 [A longa made June 8] due 
at the last St Ellenmas te I. 

Eller, obs. or dial. form of Exper 56.1, ALDER 1, 

, var. of ELENGE a., Obs. 

Ellipse (elips). [ad. Gr. "Aras, n. of action 
f. édAcimew to come short. (In the case of the 
ellipse regarded as a conic section the inclination 
of the cutting plane to the base ‘ comes short of’, 
as in the case of the hyperbola it exceeds, the 
inclination of the side of the cone.)] 

Not in ge Todd, or Richardson (1836); for early 
exam, ellipses see Extirsis. 

1. uae closed curve (in popalee, language 
a regular oval), which may be ed in various 
ways: a. Considered as a conic section; the fi “ 
produced when a cone is cut obliquely by a p) 
making a smaller angle with the base than (hak the 
side of the cone makes with the base. b. A curve 
in which the sum of the distances of any point 
from the two foci is a constant quantity. ¢. A 
curve in which the focal distance of any point 
bears to its distance from the directrix a constant 
ratio smaller than ota 

The planet orbits 


- Wild-women of 


cessively 


hade. ¢1450 Myrc w3F False ellen 


ELLIPSONE. 


Mids. Shy 164 Mailioen of email stare: = 
3. Gram. =ELLIPsis 2. Somewhat rare. 
Gr, Lex. s. v. "EAAeuus. — 


1843-83 LippeLt & Scorr 
Rosy Lat, Gram. I (ed. 5) 511 (Index). cc 


+ Ellipsed, p//. a. nonce-wd. [f. ELLIPs-1s + 

-ED.}] Characterized by elli; 

oe aie a eee ree 

Pp in ie Bible so as to n 
Elli Obs. rare. In 6 ellepseycal. 

[f. Exurpse +-10 + -aL, = Evuprican. 


Pig ee tom. 1. » Ellepseycal circu ibed 


Ellipsi ), P60. @. a. rare. Daten: if f. 
vb. *¢ oo: cf. poked) evolving ns 

1878 T. Sinctain Mount 173 The who 
ellipsing ‘solar system. 

f Ellipsis (eli-psis). Pl. ellipses (-siz). Also 
7 elipsis, 8 elleipsis, /. ellipsises. [a. L. ¢/- 
lipsis, ad. Gr. &\Aenfus : see ELLIPSE.] 

. = Exuipse. Now jig 

1570 Briuncstey Euclid xu. i 
Conicall section, which is called 1 E 1656 Hoppes 
Six Less. Wks. 1845 VII. sé Ifthe setion bean an 
you ~ use the same 1677 Moxon Mech. 

Bop ? 272 The Ellipsis or "Sel ABCD. 

Lect. 229 The planets..could not possibly acquire 
poe revolutions .. in ellipses very little eccentric. 
Wuistox Th. Earth 1. (x es 14 Comets Ellipses come near 
to Parabola’s. 1705-30 g. Gate in Bibl. Topogr. Brit. 1. 
47 A fine bowling-green cut into an ellipsis. 1854 Tomin- 
son tr. Avago's Astron. 119 It had traversed. .an ellipsis. 

+b. attrib. Obs. 

Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 273 These a or 
sovowa Oval Arches .. are sometimes post B over Gate-ways. 

2. Gram. The omission of one or more words 
in a sentence, which would be needed to complete 
the grammatical construction or fully to express 
the sense ; concr. an instance of such omission. 

1612 BRinsLey Pos. Parts (1669) 67 The first of the Sub- 
stantives is oft understood by a figure called Elli 
@ 1667 Cow.ey Davideis 1. Notes az10 I 368 Itisan ip- 
sis, or leaving something to be understood by the hee 

1797 Pore, &c. Art Sinking 115 The ellipsis, or ——< 
hal —_ {is the peculiar talent] of ministers and 

Betsuam £ss. I. ii. 25 Violent signs 
e. 1789 Bentuam Princ. Leg 
§ 27 note. The ancient la in the construction no th 
——— have indul; themselves in 
lipsises without scruple. sg Macaviay Hie phe a 


ticians. 
invasions. lan; 


he elli was now filled up with words of 
1874 H. ReynoLps Yokn Bape. ii, 1:2 Grammatical 
nesses or ellipses, 

+ 3. Formerly used as the name of the dash (—) 
employed in writing or peiating. to indicate the 
omission of letters in a word. a 

L.M Eng. Gi Ll An used, 
wien sone leters in Yordy ot ceo.serde ts x Seren 
*Eliy as ‘The k—g’ for ‘ the king 

psist (cli ws protec 5 [f. Exxrps-1s + 
aT Poe addicted to the use of the figure 


Ellipsis in t or discourse. 
1859 I. Tavtor Logic in Theol. 42 These .. would hold in 
contempt the timidity of the ellipsists. 
(eli‘pségraf). Cf. Exiipro- 


GRAPH a LIPSE + -GRAPH, f, Gr. ypagpew to 
write.] instrument for describing ellipses. 
Elli (elitpsoid). [f. Extrpse +-om.] 


A. s 

p er ‘solid of which all the plane sections through 
one of the axes are ellipses, and all other sections 
ellipses or circles. Formerly in narrower a 
A solid generated by the revolution of an elli g 
round one of its axes; now called ellipsoid of — 
revolution, ‘. 
azar Keir tr. Mi 


Diss, (x The Earth — 
ast on: ao ieaatehs hae tie Biangeters 18s 
Axis as hp My 1987 Phil. Trans, LXXVII 202 : 

of t degrees of oblateness. sy; Beever 
7 = oem one 


svi. ss A convex of 
1871 B. Stewart Heat § 281 The a 
‘are ellipsoids. C. Niven title) On the Cone a 


ation of Heat in E) fely fliptical. 
figure approxima! e 
a= Wuewet i Induc. Se. Y cts IL. 59 An eccentric 
id that is are resembling an ellipse. 
=n 
aa sree oy oa tre Hone vi. RDP es. he hia 


Siliencsan sine Uf, prec, + ath] 
(elipsoi-dal), a. +-. 

Havin; ee notes. on shane oF amet lipsoid. 

a > ee Toto & ewan Pe 3 Anat. 1 313 


aay | tes The Lisndillo ie eee 
mass. 


foll an ical 
lore peel pouty 354 The 


ELLIPTIC. 


Elliptic (eliptik). [ad. Gr. éAAetmrixds elliptic, 
defective, f. €AAciew to come short: cf. ELLIPSE.] 

1. That has the form of an ellipse; pertaining 
to ellipses. 

1726 tr. Gre; 's Astron. 1. 380 If the whole Area. .of the 
Elliptic Orbit be imagined to be divided into e equal 
Parts. 1776 Gipson Deci. § F. 1. xii. 262 A building of an 
elliptic figure. 1808 A. Parsons Trav. A/7. iii. 36 All others 
[arches] which I had hitherto observed being eliptick. 1830 
Sir J. Herscuer Stud. Nat. Phil. 11 These are the steps 
by which we have risen to a knowledge of the elliptic motions 
of the planets. 1877 B. Wittiamson /xt. Calculus vii. 190 
The area of any elliptic sector. 1888 W. W. Rouse BALL 
Hist. Math, 292 The rectification of an elliptic arc. | 

4] That has an elliptic (as opposed to a circular 
orbit) ; in quot.=‘ eccentric’. 

1806 Moore Zfist. u. i. 42 Every wild, elliptic star, 

b. Liliptic chuck a chuck for oval or elliptic 
turning; ¢//iptic compass(es, an instrument for 
drawing ellipses ; e//iptic spring (for carriages), a 
spring formed by two sets of curved plates, forming 
two elliptic arcs united at the ends. Bik 

¢. Comb. In definitions of form: (Bot.) ed/iptic- 
lanceolate, -oblong, -obovate, -ovate, -ovoid adjs., 
having a form intermediate between elliptic and 
lanceolate, etc. 

1845 Linptey Sch. Bot. vi. (1858) 88 Radical [leaves] *el- 
liptic-lanceolate. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 54 Lower leaves 
petioled *elliptic-oblong. did. 417 Rhombic or *elliptic- 
obovate. /bid. 234 Leaves *elliptic-ovate. /did. 410 Peri- 
gynia “*elliptic-ovoid. 

2. Elliptic integrals: a class of integrals dis- 
covered by Legendre in 1786, so named because 
their discovery was the result of the investigation 
of elliptic arcs. LU/iptic functions: certain spe- 
cific functions of these integrals. (Formerly the 
term elliptic functions was applied to what are 
now called elliptic integrals.) 

1845 Penny Cycl. 1st Supp. s.v., A large class of integrals 
closely related to and containing among them the expres- 
sion for the arc of an ellipse have received the name of 
Elliptic functions. 1876 CayLey Elliptic Functions 8 snu is 
asort of sine function, and cnz, dn are sorts of cosine- 
functions of «; these are called Elliptic Functions. 188 
Wituiamson in Excycl. Brit. XIII. 63 The epithet ‘elliptic’ 
applied to these integrals is purely conventional, arising 
from the connexion of one of them with the arc of an ellipse. 

3. Gram. Of sentences, phrases, or style: Char- 
acterized by ellipsis ;= ELLIPTICAL 2. 

4. quasi- sb. (sonce-use.) 

1807 Souruey Espriel/a’s Lett. (1814) 11. 79 They were 
talking of parabolics and elliptics, and describing diagrams 
on the table with a wet finger. 

Hence as combining form Elli‘ptico-. 

1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 389 Leaves. .elliptico-lanceolate. 
1883 S¢. Yames's Gaz. 3 Feb. 6 His style .. is of the ellip- 
tico-interjectional sort. 

lliptical (eli-ptikal), a. [f. prec. +-at.] 

1. That has the form of an ellipse; pertaining 
to ellipses. 

1656 Hospes Six Less. Wks. 1845 VII. 305 The cone de- 
scribed by the subtense of the. . elliptical line. 1755 B. Mar- 
win Mag. Arts & Sc.1. v.23 They all move in Orbits, which 
are more or less oval, or (as the Astronomers call it) Ellip- 
tical. 1812-6 J. Prayrair Nat. Phil, 11. 185 The orbit of the 
fourth satellite is sensibly elliptical. 1831 BrewsTER 
Optics xxvii. 225, I have been enabled to refer all the phe- 
nomena of the action of metals to a new species of polarisa- 
tion, which I have called elliptical polarisation. bbe 
Houxtey Physiogr. xx. 354 In the great elliptical path ofthe 
earth the sun occupies one of these foci. 

b. Liliptical compasses: = elliptic compasses. 
4+ Elliptical dial, a small pocket-dial (Kersey). 
Also in Bailey 1721-1790, Chambers 1751. 

ce. Comb. 

1845 Linptey Sch. Bot. v. (1858) 53 Leaves *elliptical- 
lanceolate. ; 

2. Gram. Of sentences and phrases: Defective, 
lacking a word or words which must be supplied 
to complete the sense. Of style, etc.: Character- 
ized by ellipsis. 

1778 Br, Lowtu Jsaiah (ed, 12) 313 note, It was necessary 
to add a word or two in the version to supply the elliptical 
expression of the Hebrew. 1828 Wuarety Rhetoric in 
Encycl. Metrop. 284/1 Aristotle’s Style ..is frequently so 
elliptical as to be dry and obscure. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 
1, iil. § 1 (1876) 29 Production and productive, are. . elliptical 
expressions, involving the idea of a something produced. 
1884 Trait in Macm. Mag. Oct. 441/1 Carlyle’s violently 
elliptical manner. 

3. Omitted by ellipsis. ? zonce-use. 

1829 W. Duncan Greek Test. Pref., He has given at the 
foot of the page. .many of the principal elliptical words. 

Elliptically (cli:ptikali), adv. [f. prec. + L¥2.] 
In an elliptical manner. 

1. Gram. With use of ellipsis. 

1816 J. Gitcurist Philos. Etym. Introd. 21 Almost every 
word is elliptically. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith 1.1. 
§ 2. 39 (Certain sciences] use. .elliptically, the Syllogism. 

2. In the form or after the manner of an el- 
lipse. 

183 Brewster Of/ics xxvii. 229 Light polarised + 45° is 
elliptically polarised. 

Elli-pticalness. are. 
Sawuig § The quality of being elliptical. 

1681 H. More £xf. Dax. App. iii. po According to the 
Ellipticalness of the Apocalyptick style. 


[f. Exnrrican a. + 


93 


Ellipticity (cliptisiti). [f. Exurpric + -rry.] 
Elliptic form; degree of deviation (of an orbit, etc.) 
from circularity, (of a spheroid) from sphericity. 

1953 Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 84 [In] the case of beds sup- 
posed of the same ellipticity .. I have taken greater care. 
1833 Sir J. HerscHet Astron. iii. 109 Its deviation from 
the circular form, arising from so very slight an ellipticity. 
1864 Atheneum No. 1926. 402/2 The ellipticity of Mars. 
1870 Jevons Elem. Log. xxxiii. (1880) 29x An orbit of slight 
ellipticity. : 

b. as a measurable quantity. 

The ellipticity of a spheroid (e. g. of the figure of a planet) 
is expressed by some mathematicians as the ratio of the 
difference of the axes to the major axis, and by others as the 
ratio of this difference to the minor axis. (With reference to 
orbits this mode of expressing ellipticity is not used; see 
Eccentricity 3 b.) 

1753 Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 77 The diminution of the 
gravity having been found greater than x45, the ellipticity 
or difference of diameters ought to be less than that 
fraction. 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) I. xiii. 361 The 
ellipticity of the earth..has been found to be x5. 1867 
Denison Astron. without Math. 7 Its ellipticity .. means 
the proportion between the difference of the two axes .. of 
an ellipse, and the greater of them. 

Elliptograph. = ELLipsoGRAPH. 

1855 Ency. Brit.(ed.8)s.v.[A description of the instrument]. 

+ Bui toi'des. Os. Also 8 elliptoide. 
[Badly f. ed/¢p¢- (cf. ELLipric) + mod.L. -ordes: 
see -OID.] An infinite ellipse. 

1731 Bartey, Eliptoides. 1796 Hutton Math. Dict., El- 
liptoide, an infinite or indefinite Ellipsis, defined by the 
indefinite equation ay"t"=62" .a—2" when m or 7 are 
greater than 1. 

|| Ellops (e'lgps). Oés. in actual use. [a. Gr. 
éAAow or €Aoy, the name of a fish and of a serpent. 

(The variants Exars and Evops are used in mod. zoologi- 
cal Latin in different senses). ] 

1. A kind of serpent. 

1667 Mitton P. L. x. 526 Cerastes hornd, Hydrus, and 
Ellops drear. i 

2. A kind of fish mentioned by ancient writers. 

1601 HotLanp Pliny I, 266 The Lamprey in Sicilie: the 
Elops at Rhodes, and so forth of other sorts of fishes. 1774 
Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) JI. 1, iii, 299 The Elops or Sea- 
serpent. 1775 Asx, Edlops, a fish affording delicious food 
which some rink to be the sturgeon of the moderns. 1875 
Browninc Aristoph. Apol. 110 Spends all his substance on 
stewed ellops-fish. 

Ellore, obs. f. ELDER sé.1 (the tree). 

Ell-rake. @a/. Also eld-, eller-rake. [Deriva- 
tion uncertain; cf. ELcrook; the writers of the 
Chesh. and Shropsh. glossaries suggest heel-rake. 
Halliwell gives also ‘ Ellock-vake, a small rake 
for breaking up ant-hills. Sadop.’] A large rake 
with curved iron teeth, drawn behind the raker. 

1879 Shropsh. Word-bk.(E. D. S.) Ellrake, eldrake. 1884 
Chesh. Gloss. (E. D. S.) Ell-rake, eller-rake. 

Ell-wand (elwond). Chiefly Sc. and xorth. 
dial, Also 5 elenwand, ellewande, elwonde, 
Sc. elnewande, 7-9 elwand. [f. Exn + wanp.] 

1. A measuring rod, an ell-measure: sometimes 
used for ‘ yard-measure’, 

[1403 Nottingham Borough Rec. 11.34 Ipse Johannes cepit 
quendam elenwand, et ipsam percussit super capud.] ?a@ 1500 
tr. Leges Burgorum Scociz xviii. in Sc. Acts (1844) 1. 342 
Ilk burges may hafe in his hous..ane elnewand. 1609 
Sxene Keg. Maj. 36 The heire of ane burges, is of perfite 
age, quhen he .. can .. measure claith (with ane elwand). 
1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. ut. i, An elwand fills his hand, 
his habit mean. 1834 H. Mitier Scenes § Leg. xxi. (1857) 
304 Beating time with his ellwand on the point of his shoe. 

+2. The larger of the bones of the fore-arm ; 
= Una. Obs. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 139 Elle wande [P. elwonde,] «dua. 

8. Sc. The group of stars called Orion’s Belt. 

1513 Dovuctas 4neis vin. Prol, 153 The son, the sevin 
sternis, and the Charll wane, The elwand, the elementis, 
and Arthuris hufe. c 1817 Hoce Tales § Sk. IV. 29 King’s 
Elwand (now foolishly termed the Belt of Orion). 

Elm (elm), sd. Forms: 1 elm, 5-7 elme, 9 
dial. elem, ellum, 4~ elm. Also 4 ulm, 6 ulme. 
[OE. e/m str. masc. =OHG. e/m str. masc. (whence 
the derivatives MHG. e/me, il/me, ilmene wk. fem.) 
:—WGer. *e/mo-z; the same word with difference 
of ablaut appears as ON. d/mr (Sw. alm, Da. 
alm, xlm) etymologically=L. w/mus. The mod. 
Ger. ulme, Du. olm, and the Eng. form «u/m(e, 
are due to the influence of the Lat. word.] 

1. The name of well-known trees belonging to 
the genus U/mus, esp., in England, the Common 
or Small-leaved Elm (Ulmus campestris), a tree 
having rough, doubly serrated leaves, flowers 
nearly sessile, the fruit oblong, deeply cloven and 
glabrous; in Scotland, the Witch or Wych Elm 
(Ulmus montana) or the Cork-barked Elm ( U/mus 
suberosa); in U.S, the White Elm (U/mus 
americana). 

c 1000 Sax. Leechd. Il. 52 Eft genim elmes rinde, zebeern 
to ahsan. 1382 Wyctir /sa. xli. 19, I shal sette in desert 
fyrr tree and vlm and box togidere. c1440 Promp. Parv. 
138 Elm, tre, wdmus. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII. c. 9s 5 Two 
other bowes..of ashe, elme, wyche, hasyll or other wood 
mete for the same. 1 Drant Horace Efist. 1. vii. D vj, 
Our cittizen is now a Corridon. He trimmes his ulmes. 
1664 Evetyn Sylva iv. §6 The Elm delights in a sound, 
sweet and fertile Land. 1750 Gray Z/egy iv, Beneath those 


ELNE. 


rugged elms, that yew tree’s shade. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's 
Bot. xvii. 224 Few persons know that the Elm has any 
flower, 1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 94 The inner bark of 
the Elm is slightly bitter and astringent. 1850 Tennyson 
In Mem. xciv. 58 Rock’d the full foliaged elms. 1858 O. 
W. Hoimes One-hoss Shay, Logs from the ‘Settler's 
ellum’, 1877 E. Peacock NV. W. Linc. Gloss. (E. D. S.) 
balast the elm. 1881 /sle Wight Gloss, (E. D. S.) Ellum, 
an elm. 

2. With distinguishing epithets, denoting the 
above-named and other species of the genus U/mus : 
Broad-leaved Elm, U/mus latifolia or montana; 
Chichester Elm, also called American Elm, 
Ulmus americana; Witch or Wych Elm, 
Ulmus montana. Also Yoke Elm, the Horn- 
BEAM (Carpinus Betulus). 

1876 Harvey Mat. Med. 423 The Broad-Leaved Elm. .60- 
80 feet high, with rugged bark. 1882 Garden 11 Nov. 419/3 
The Chichester Elm .. is variously known as the Hunting- 
don, Scampston, or unfortunately as the American Elm. 

3. fig. with reference to the practice of training 
vines on elms. 

1590 SHaks. Com. Err. u. ii. 179 Thou art an Elme my 
husband, I a Vine. 1643 Myst. Inig. 2 Subverting the 
Protestant Religion, together with the Subjects Liberty, 
(the Elme of that Vine). 

4. The wood of these trees. 

1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 261 Elm is another tough 
and strong species of wood. 

5. Comé., chiefly attrib., as elm-dresser, -plank, 
-shadow, -tree, - wood; elm -embosomed, - encircled 
adjs. ; elm-balm, the fluid contained in elm-galls ; 
elm-gall, the gall produced on the different species 
of elm by the puncture of ApAzs ulmi; elm-pipe, 
the trunk of an elm hollowed for use as a drain 
or water-pipe. 

1861 Miss Prarr Flower. Pl. V. 42 Galls are also pro- 
duced on the leaves by the puncture of a cynips, and each 
gall contains some drops of liquid, which has been called 
*Elm balm. 1596 in Rogers Agric. & Prices II. 578 *Elm 
dresser 20/. 1839 CLoucH Poems u. 11 Field and wood 
And *elm-embosomed spire. 1777 T. Warton Poenis Ode 
vii, Or grange, or *elm-encircled farm. 1731 S. Haves 
Stat. Ess. 11. App., Where *elm-pipes lay underground. 
1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 173 An Oaken plank, or 
*Elm plank. 1835 Mrs. Hemans Haunted House, Where 
the deep *elm shadows fall. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 169 b, 
The leues, the boughes, and the barck of the *elm tre, 
haue a binding vertue. 1688 R. Home Armoury i. 52/1 
The Elme Tree is of some called All-Heart. 1771 GotpsM. 
Hist, Engl. 1.387 Her body was..thrown into a common 
chest of elm tree. 1832 TENNyson Dream Fair Wom. 57 
Enormous elmtree-boles did stoop and lean Upon the dusky 
brushwood underneath Their broad curved branches. 

Elm, var. of HELM sé, and v. dial. 

+Elmawes. Ods. rare—'. 

1500 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 591 Lameres, anglice elmawey. 

Elmen (elmén), a. Now dial. or arch. Forms: 
5 elmyn, (6-7 elming), 5-9 elmin, 5- elmen. 
[f. Exat + -EN.] 

1. Of or pertaining to an elm-tree. 

1 Fasyan vu. 585 They were hanged vpon anelmyntree. 
1599 Y. M[ourer] Sz/kwormes 56 Tender Elming bud May 
.. be giuen in steede of foode. 1607 TorseLt Four-/. Beasts 
30r Let him feed upon..Elming boughs. 1676 Hopes 
Iliad vi. 402 Planted about it many Elmen-trees. 1807 
CrassBE Hall Fustice, We slept beneath the elmin tree. 
1813 Scotr Rokeby u. xxvii, Leaning against the elmin 
tree. 1881 Patcrave Visions Eng. 21 The elmen leaf 
Thinn’d into gold, and fell. 

2. Made of the wood of the elm-tree. 

1466 Mann. & Househ. Exp. 323 Item, for Ix. fete of elmen 
borde, xx.d. 1648 Bury Wills (1850) 209 A great chest of 
elming borde. 

3. Composed of elm-trees, 

1876 World No. 106, 19 The elmen bowers are in their 
prime of foliage. _ 

Elmes, elmisse, elmys, obs. ff. ALMs, q.v. 

Elmy (elmi). [f. Ex sé. + -y.] Consisting 
of, characterized by, or abounding in elms. 

1757 Dyer Fleece 1. 206 The sandy soil Of elmy Ross. 
1795 SouTHEY Foan of Arc x.5 The summer breeze Moves 
oer the elmy vale. 1799 CoLeripcE in New Monthly 
Mag. (1835) XLV. 225 We have elmy pps. tes 1873 Miss 
Tuackeray Old Kensington i. 4 The old palace that stands 
blinking its sleepy windows across elmy vistas. 


+Elne, ellen, s¢. Ods. [Com. Teut.: OE. 
gllen (gen. e/nes) corresponds to OS. ellen, ellien, 
OHG. edlan, ellen, ellin, Goth. aljan str. neut. ; 
ON. eljan, eljun str. fem. (Icel. ea wk. fem.) :— 
OTeut. types *aljano(m, *aljand.] 

Strength, courage (also, in OE., zeal); in Zheo/. 
strength vouchsafed, comfort, grace. 

Beowulf 602 Ac ic him te sceal Eafod and ellen un- 

eara nu gube zebeodan. K. ZEtrrep Boeth. xxvii. § 2 
FBosw.) Feower creeftas, bara is an weerscipe, oder metgung, 
pridde is ellen. a 1000 Guthlac 264 Wes Guplac on elne 
strong. a@1225 Aucr. R. 106 Vor 3e schulden wenen pet 
God, uor ouwer holi liue, sende ou his grace and his elne. 
¢1230 Hali Meid.27 Ah monnes elne is muche wurd. a 1240 
Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 185 We..buggep worldles froure . 
wip moni sori teone. and elne of monnes speche. /did. 
Hwa se ever haued longe wone of gastliche elne. 

Hence Evllenles a. [see -LESS], powerless. 

@ 1000 Fuliana 393 (Gr.) Ic _geomor sceal secan oderne 
ellenleasran cempan. 1200 Ormin 10908 Illc meocnesse 


1 7 * 
herr 


+ Eelne, v. Obs. [OE. glnian = OHG. ellinén, 
ON. ena, Goth. aljanén :—OTeut. *aljandjan, f. 


ELNING. 


*aljano-m: see prec.] trans.To strengthen, hearten, 
comfort. 

1225 Ancr. R. 10 Gon & iseon swuch & elnen ham & 
helpen mid fode of holi lore. owe Leg. Kath. 1374 As 
men ham to hare dead, pa. .elnede pe odre. 

Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 215 Ich wot pet pu wult senden me 
pene holi gost to elnen me. 

Eln(e, obs. var. of Ext. 


+ Evlning. 0és. [OE. e/nung, f. ¢/nian, ELNEv.: 


see -ING!.] Comfort; grace. 
@ 1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 185 Min ihesu liues louerd 
beodest us pin elning [#77 elming]. /éid. 201 Pu 
lest pin elning. 
+ Eloca 


‘tion. Obs. rare. [as if ad. L. *éoca- 
tion-em, n. of action f. docare, lit. to place out, f. 
é out + -locare to place.] 

1. Removal from a person’s control. - 

1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. (1650) 294 When the child 
by. .former elocation shall be out of the Parents disposing. 

2 . fs. Alienation (of mind), ecstasy. 

ax619 Fotuersy A theom.1. v. § 1 (1622) 30 In all Poesie 
.. there must be..an elocation, and emotion of the minde. 

Elocular (pkisa1), a. Bot. [f. Zout + locul-us 
small cell+-aRr.] Without partitions or loculi. 


1864 in WEBSTER. ; fn 

Elocution (elékiz-fon). Forms: 6 elocucion, 
-sion, -syon, eloquution, 6- elocution. [ad. L. 
élociition-em, n. of action f. dogui to speak out: 
cf. ELOQUENCE. 

Sense r is identical with the meaning of e/ocutio as used 
by Roman rhetoricians. Sense 4, which has been evolved 
from the etymology without regard to Latin usage, corre- 
sponds to what the Romans expressed by pronuntiatio.| 

+ 1. Oratorical or literary expression of thought ; 
literary ‘style’ as distinguished from ‘matter’; 
the power or art of appropriate and effective ex- 
pression. Oés. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1.i, Elocusion with the powre of 
Mercury, The matir enorneth right well facundyously. 1553 
T. Witson Rhet. 4 Elocucion is an appliyng of apte wordes 
and sentences to the matter founde out to confirme the 
cause. 1586 Wesse Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 19 Why should we 
think so basely of this? rather then of her sister, I meane 
Rhetoricall Eloquution. 1634 Hasincton Castara(Arb.) 11 
How unhappie soever I may be in the elocution, I am sure 
the Theame is worthy enough. 1681 Nevite Plato Rediv. 
167 A Person of gaod Learning and Elocution. 1731 Baitey 
vol. II, Eocution(with Rhetoricians) consists in apt express- 
ing, and a beautiful order of placing of words. 1844 Lincarp 


Hist. Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. xi. 171 Your..acquaintance | 


with those forms of elocution in which it is expressed. 
+b. concr. A mode of expression. Ods. 

a 1679 Hoszes FR het. (1840) 492 Elocutions are made decent : 
1. By speaking feelingly .. 2. By speaking as becomes the 
person of the speaker, etc. 

+2. Eloquence, oratory; concr. in f/. harangues. 

1593 NasHE Christ's T. 39a, How shall I arme myne elo- 
cution. 163: Massincer £m. East u.i, She'll tire me 
with Her tedious elocutions. 1635 Naunton /ragm. Reg. 
(Arb.) 49 She began to be taken with his elocution. 1649 
Mitton Eikon, 241 To stirr the constancie of any wise man 
is. above the genius of his cleric elocution. 1715-20 Pore 
/liad 11. 283 When he speaks, what elocution fows! 1791 
Cowrer /diad 1x. 549 Both elocution and address in arms. 

3. Oral utterance; way or manner of speaking. 
Now only with some notion of 4. 

1623 CockeraM, Elocution, vtterance. 1 Mitton P. LZ. 
1x. 747 Whose taste.. Gave elocution to the mute. 1754 
Ricnarpson Grandison (1781) II. xxix. 274 He had a lively 
and easy elocution. 1 Gopwin Cal. Williams 18 For 
this Mr. Tyrrel was indebted to a boisterous and overbear- 
ing elocution. 1795 Burke Let. Wks. VII. 371 You have 
a natural, fluent, and unforced elocution. 1846 Ruskin Mod. 
Paint. 1. 1. 1. ii. § 7 The clear and vigorous elocution of 
useless and senseless words. : 

4. The art of public speaking so far as it regards 
delivery, pronunciation, tones, and gestures; man- 
ner or style of oral delivery. Also attrib. 

1613 R. C. Table Aliph, (ed. 3), Elocution, good vtterance 
of speech. 1678 Puitips, Zlocution, proper Speech, hand- 
some utterance. 1739 Cisser Aol. (1756) I. 87 True 
theatrical elocution. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxvii, It..served 


to give zest and peculiarity to the style of elocution. 
Sat. Rev. 13 Dee, 819/1 The worst of the other s ae 
of boardi sch Is and ‘ elocuti ters’, is that, etc. 
Elocutionary (eldkiwfanari), a. [f. prec. + 
-ARY.] Of or pertaining to elocution. 
1846 Por Wks. (1864) ILI. 40 The elocutii .. Value of 
her programmes. 1 4 Mr. New- 


Daily News sd. Mar. 


degate, with eos acetone 4 read the letter, 
1884 Manch, Exam. 14 May 5/4 Dr. Parker's elocutionary 
gifts added to the strong impression which it made. 

Elocutionist (eldkizfonist). [f. Erocurion 

+-I8t.] One who practises the art of elocution ; 
a proficient in the art of elocution. 

1847 in Craic. 1860 Daily News 17 Dec., Mr. Ben; h 
is a good elocutionist. Wuirney Life Lang. xiv. 283 
The. . variations of tone which the skilled elocutionist uses. 

Elocutionize (eléki#-fanoiz), v. [f. Evocurion 

+-12E.] intr, @ To make use of florid or elo- 


uent lan . b. To speak or read in public. 
® 1849 Poe f s. (1864) III. a The author ta + .to 
1 ize, 1883 Homiletic Mo The two 


‘onthly Aug. 66x 
tasks ivative (fekine elocuti ¥ 
Elocutive (/lpkiztiv), a. and sd. rare. [as if 
ad. L. *éociitiv-us, f. Zlogui ; see ELOCUTION. 
A. adj. That is concerned with utterance or 


eloquence, B. sé. An utterance. 
1627 Fettruam Resolves u. xlviii. (1677) 254 Though 


94 


Trunties in it’s elocutive be but the conception of 
Man. New Monthly "Mag. 11. 41 Mr. Manager .. 


went the appeasing of dumb show. 
Elo'cu , a. vare—', [ad. L. docitori-us 
pertaining to oratorical expression.] That per- 


tains to elocution ; elocutionary. 
1817 Monthly Mag. XLIV. 448 Dr. Carey has .. in for- 
Iness, an edition of Thomson’s Seasons. 
Elo'ge. [a. Fr. éoge, ad. L. clogium (see ELo- 
cium). Now treated as Fr.: pronounced (eloz).] 
+1. An expression of praise or commendation ; 
an encomium. Ods. 


1566 Nuce tr. Seneca’s Octavia 1. iii, That wight 
shal have alwaye This age yet. 1693 J. Beaumont On 
Burnet’s Th. Earth 1. 55 The Author gives us an 


Eloge on Mountains. 1764 Wickes Corr. (1805) III. 128 
The eloge which the noblest of poets gives me. a 1789 
Burney Hist. Mus. I11, iv. 287 Pere Mersenne. .has given 
us an.. eloge of him. ston Edin. Rev. 1. 23 The latter 
member of this eloge would now be wholly uni 


ELONG. 


use of the word Zlohim instead of the 
1871 F. hairs ul Tyo Elkins 
. ii on Ps. III. 172 
ILL 1954 The psalms. = 
Elohist (clawhist), [& Exou(1m) +17] The 
name given by Hebraists to the author (or authors) 
of those parts of the Hexateuch which are marked 
by the use of Elohim as the name of God in- 
stead of Yahveh (popularly written Jehovah). See 
rae, Lond ei 
1862 H. J. Rose Bunsen 77 Ilgen imagined two Elohists, 
and one [showin Guaty ~ Encyct. 1. 1043/1 
Amended by a younger Elohist and a Jehovistic editor. 
Elohistic (elvhi:stik), a. [ +-1c.] Of 
or pertaining to the ELonisr; 
the use of ELoHIM instead of Vahueh : see bere. 
184x RyLAND Hengstenberg on Pentat. (1847) 331 In some 


if applied to a spirited coach-horse. 

2. A funeral oration; a discourse in honour of 
a deceased person, ¢.g. that pronounced by a newly- 
elected member of the French Academy upon his 
predecessor. 

c1gas Arrersury £pist.Corr. 1.(1783)179, I return you, Sir, 
the two eloges, which I have perused with pleasure. I bor- 
row that word from your language. 1753 CHambers Cycé. 
Supp., The secretary of the royal academy of sciences in 
Paris composes the eloges of such members as die. 1861 
G. Witson & Geikie £E. Forbes xv. 553 Pronouncing the 
Eloge of his old master into whose place he now ascends ! 

+ Elogist. Ovs. [f. Etocre + -1st.] ‘One 
who pronounces a panegyric’ (Todd). 

a 1639 Wotton Rem. (1685) 366 She did not want a pas- 
sionate Elogist, as well as an excellent Preacher [for her 
funeral sermon]. ; 5 

|| Elo-gium. Os. [L. cogium a short saying, 
an inscription on a tombstone; this word and its 
mod. forms seem to have been confused with EvLo- 
cium, EvLocy.] 

1. An explanatory inscription. 

ay Stituncri. Serm. I. viii. (R.) The elogium of his 
cross, Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews. 

2. =ELocy 2-4. 

1570-6 Lamparpe Peramd. Kent (1826) 251 Where he be- 
stoweth this honourable Elogium upon him. 1683 D. A. Art 
Converse 54 Let your Elogium’s be alwaies within the cir- 
cumference of common sense. a 1764 DopsL_ey Art Preach. 
99 In elogiums, ’tis the art, With plain simplicity to win 
the heart. a1789 Burney Hist. Mus. (ed. 2) I. 1x. 166 Pos- 
terity .. will... meet with their names and elogiums. 

+ Blogy. Obs. Also 7-8 elogie. [Anglicized 
form of prec.] 

1. An explanatory inscription, esf. on a monu- 
ment or a portrait. Cf. ELocium 1. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. . 13 Many personages. .deserue 
better than dispersed report, or barren Elogies. 1645 
Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1. The effigies of the several Dukes, 
with their Elogies. 1 J. Bursery Hist. Christina Q. 
Swedland 422 In several pastboords hung their elogies. 
1663 Cowtey Verses & Ess. (1669) 47 His Statue or Picture, 
with an Elogy under it, shall be placed in the Galery. 

2. A brief summary of a person’s character; a 
characterization; usually in favourable sense, a 
eulogy, expression of praise. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb. iv. Notes Fg But for Arthur you 
shall best know him in this elogie. This is that Arthur, etc. 
1629 Earte Microcosm. \xii. (Arb.) 87 No man .. comes off 
more with the elogie of a kind Gentleman. 1638 Evetyn 
Mem. (1857) 1. os te Stokes..did..set forth a pretty book, 
which was published, with og hel oan cage before it. 
1681 tr. Wilts Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Elogie, a report in 
praise or dispraise of a thing. 1704 Eart Cromarty Sf, in 
Lond. Gaz. No. 4037/5 An Elogie or Pa ick on Her 
Majesty. 1740 Jounson Blake Wis. IV. 369 We must then 
admit, amidst our elogies and applauses. 

3. A biographical notice (usually of a deceased 
person). . 

1644 Mitton ¥udgm. Bucer (1851) 291 Jacobus Verheiden 
rey! Elogies of famous Divines. Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. w. xii. 217 As Paulus Jovius hath delivered in 
his Elogie of learned men, 1652 C. Stary.ton Herodian 74 
Of such before as writ his Acts or Elogie, Some Records 
doe unto this day remain. 

4. A funeral oration. 

Govt. Venice 197 His Funerals are kept inthe Church 
of St. Mark; and his Elogy pronounced in ice of the 
Senat. _ 1689 EVELYN Mem, (1857) U1. 296 ie ae 

q d..by a sol pr i e r) 
all the witness of that renowned city. 
|| Elohim (eléwhim, -him). Also 7 elohym. 
(Heb. orbs eohim, e of mx but often 
construed as sing. with sense ‘God’ or ‘a god’.] 
One of the Hebrew names of God, or of the gods. 

1605 Timme Quersit. 1. ii. 7 That Elohym..Who moved 
upon the waters. 1715 Kersey, Z/ohim, one of the names 
of God in the bible. 1862 Srantey Yew. Ch. (1877) I. i. 19 
Abraham saw that all the Elohim were meant for 

+b. ¢ransf. in allusion to the supposed use of 
the word in certain s of the Bible to 
denote earthly potentates. (This interpretation 
is now abandoned, exc. in ironical passage 
Ps. \xxxii. 6.) 

1682 Six T. Browne Chr, Mor. 19 He who .. sways the 
scepter of himself, not envying the glory of. .elohims of the 

rt 


earth. 
Elohimic (elchi-mik), a. rare. [f. prec. +-10.] 
Of passages in the Hebrew scriptures : Character- 


lligible, passages of the ‘ic .. Elohim must stand under 
all circumstances. 1863 Jouannes Laicus Axti-Colenso I, 
The Jehovistic passages taken ves ire the 


Elohistic story to connect them, 1881 W. R. Smrtu Old 
Test. in Few. Ch. vii. 197 The Elohistic collection [of psalms} 
- .was formed after the time of Ezra. 

(floin), v. Forms: 6 eloine, 
eloygn, 6-7 esloyn(e, eloyn, 7 esloign, elloigne, 
7-9 eloigne, 6- eloin, 8-eloign. [a. AF., OF. 
esloignier (Fr. éloigner) to remove to a distance :— 
late L. exlongare, élongiére to remove to a distance 
(see Exrone v.). In English law-Latin @ongare 
is used in the various senses defined — 

I. gen. (Sometimes transf. from the ] use.) 
+1. To remove to a distance, /t. and fig. Obs. 
1535 Goodly Primer,O bone Jesu wipe clean away that 

eloineth me from thee. rie’ Disc. Troub. Franck- 
Jord 158 They shall be eloigned from us that would 

succor the poore. Fisuer in F, White RepZ. Fisher 
448 Their spirit being eloyned .. from the contagion of the 
bodie. Asp. J. Wittiams Holy Table (1637) 205 If the 
Table be so far esloigned from the people. 1653 Cocan tr. 
Pinto's Voy. xxix. (1663) 115 Leastwise labour to esloign thy 
minde from the vanities of the Earth. Christ Exalted 
§ 127. 98 Thou hast eloyned, or cast me far away. 

b. ref. To take oneself off, abscond ; to retire 

to a distance, seclude oneself (from). Now rare. 

1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 8 If any person. .eloine. .him- 
selfe within any parte of this realme. 5 Turserv. Bs. 
Venerie 35 The harte. .eloygning him self from the houndes. 
1596 SPENSER wes 1. iv. 20 From worldly cares himselfe he 
did esloyne. Furter Worthies Linc. ui. 162 If..you 
should elloigne your self by residence there from those im- 
ployments. 18x8 CoLeripGe Rem, (1836) I. 223 The artist 
must..eloign himself from nature. 1858 Hoce Shelley I. 
402 He eloigned himself, and evaded p i 

IL. sfec. in Law, 

2. trans. To convey or remove out of the juris- 
diction of the court or of the sheriff. 

1558 Act 1 Eliz. c. 21. § 25 If. -his or chattels be so 
eloyned. 1682 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) L. 234 His lord- 
ship had eloigned the body of. . Henrietta. 1768 Biacustoss 
Comm. I11. 129 The sheriff may return that he is eloigned. 
1796 J. Anstey Pleader’s Guide (1803) 48 Content his per- 
sonto eloign. 1809 Tomuns Law Dict. s. v., If such as are 
at age be eloined. off 4 ( ) 

. To remove, carry off, send away (pro ‘ 
1622 CALLIs Stat. Sewers (264g) x I Tt such song OE 


should be esloyned. 1 Sir Courts Leet 
(ed. 5) 78 1 ons eeoianas that are not distrainable by 
Law. New onthdy Mag. VII. 518 Many a tale of 
plundered and eloigned cattle. 


4. To divert (money) from its proper use. | 
1640 Prerog. Parl. in Sel, Harl. Misc. (1793)239 The rents, 
Eloi: revenues of this realm. .are oo tech. .<leiaa 
7 nate, eloignate. Ods. rare. 
= (see prec.) + Sez A r prec. 
For. Trav. 

Groth si lurve odelverated, sod eeigueted toon the Sia 
Greek, as Italian is fromthe Latin. 1847 Craic, Zloinate, 


to remove. 

Eloiner (/loina:). Zaw. [f. Evoin + -ER; 
after AF. esloz, .] One who eloins. 

1865 Nicnots Sritton I. 67 Our Justices can convict the 
eloiners of malice. 


+ Eloinment, eloi'gnment. 0/s. Also 7 
esloinment, 8 eloignement. [a. AF. es/oi 
ment, Fr. éloignement : see ELOUN and -MENT. 
1. Removal to a distance. & 
x Puiturs, Eloinment, a removing a t way 
egy Cao and in mod Dit ay hinge a , 
a. The or distance between one object 
and another. b. Distance, in the sense of the dis- 
d of a scene or of a picture. 
Williams 1. (1692) 92 The sun.. 
. because 


bigger than of that 
pt oad iatweun our eyes and object. 


Pore //iad I. 
feeling or taste (from). 
eloignment 


golden armour, 
3. fig. Remoteness in f 
a@1763 Suenstone Zss. 146 He discovers an 


1753 Cuambers Cyc. Suppl., Ei 
ontns pace 


[f Fre 


ELONGATE. 


f. 2+ -us long. The form eslonge is due to the influ- 
ence of the equivalent Romanic form: see Exorn.] 

1. trans. To make longer, lengthen. 

c1420 Pallad. on Hush. u. 79 Elonge eke as the liketh 
best thi lande. 

b. To retard, delay ; to retard the growth of. 

1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 632 Premature yf that the list 
elonge [maturam ficum vis serotinam facere]. 1610 G. 
Fretcuer Christ's Vict, in Farr’s S. P. Fas. I. 57 Upon the 
roof the bird of sorrow sat, Elonging joyfull day with her 
sad note. 

2. To remove, separate, cause to wander away 
Srom. lit. and fig. Also fig. To set free (from 
trouble or grief). 

1475 CAxToN ¥ason 135 b, I haue found and felte my self 
eslonged ..of all my sorowes. a1541 Wyatt Wks. (1861) 55 
By seas, and hills elonged from thy sight. 1603 FLorio 

fontaigne ii. ix.(1632) 539 Doth not too much elonge .. us 
from our .. principles. 1609 Skene Reg. May. 108 Ane beast 
that is elonged, and wavered away from his maister. 

3. intr. To go far away. vare—°. 

1598 Fiorio, A //ontanare, to elonge, to go farre off. 


Elongate (7lpngeit, “pngeit), v. [f. late L. 
élongat- ppl. stem of 2longare: see prec. 

+1. trans. To remove, set at a distance (from). 

¢1540 Boorve The boke for to Lerne Bja, Let the com- 
mon howse of esement be. .elongatyd from the howse. 1656 
Biount Glossogr., Elongate, to remove afar off. 1721-1800 
Baitey, Elongate, to remove or carry a great way off. 

2. intr. +a. gen. To depart, move away or 
recede from (obs.). b. spec. in Astronomy: To 
tecede apparently from the sun or a fixed point in 
the celestial sphere ; said, ¢.g., of a star or a planet. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psexud. = 11. ii, 63 But elongating 
from the coast of Brasilia toward the shore of Africa it [the 
south point] varyeth Eastward. 1775 Asn, Elongate, to go 
off to a distance, 

3. trans. To lengthen, draw out, prolong. 

1578 Banister Hist, Man vu. 107 It [spinal marrow] is .. 
a portion of the brayne elongated. 1656 Blount Giossogr., 
Elongate, to prolong. 2793, M. Batu Mord. Anat. (1807) 
g Time has been given for the adhesions to be elongated by 
the motion of the heart. 1830 Scorr Demonol. vii. 217 The 
mode of elongating a goat’s back by means ofa spit. 1865 
Dickens Mut. Fr. vii, Having thus elongated and em- 
phasised the word. 

4. Bot. (intr.) To grow or increase in length ; to 
be lengthy ; to have a slender or tapering form. 

1801 Knicut in Phil. Trans. XCI. 340 The wood between 
the bunch and the next leaf below, has ceased to elongate. 
1828 Steuart Planter’s G. 128 The minutest Fibres both 
> samy and elongate with facility. 1870 Hooker Stud, 
Flora 263 Linaria repens .. Racemes elongating. 

Hence E-longating //. a., that elongates. 

1858 GREENER Gunnery 422 The patent elongating socket. 

Elongate (élgngeit), a. [formed as prec.] 
Lengthened, prolonged, extended ; esp. in Bot. and 
Zool. that is long in proportion to its breadth ; 
that has a lengthened, slender, or tapering form. 

1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 11.196 Lip elongate .. nar- 


rowing towards the point. 1847 Harpy in Proc. Berw. Nat. 
Club II. No. 5. 235 The remaining five forming an elongate 
club. 1860 Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. 336 Immense unrecog- 


nised creatures of elongate form roam the ocean. 1870 
Hooker Stud. Flora 103 Peduncles elongate. 

Hence as combining form E-longato-, in various 
zoological terms, as elongato-conical, -ovate, 
-triangular ad/s., that has the form or outline of 
a lengthened cone, egg, triangle. 

1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 276 Ridges small, acute, some- 
times elongato-conical. 1852 — Crust. 11. 932 Hand. .elon- 
gato-ovate, /éid. 1. 483 Beak lamellar, elongato-triangular. 

Elongated (flpngeitéd, ‘Ip ngeitéd), 2f/. a. [pa. 
ee LONGATE 2.] 

. Made longer; drawn out or extended to an 
unusual or unnatural length. 

175x R. Camprince Scribdleriad m. 83 O’er all her Limbs 
were seen Th’ elongated papillz of the skin. 1859 Hetrs 
Friends in C. Ser. u. I. vi. 217 An elongated maxim of 
Rochefoucault’s. 1861 READE Chister & H. I. 251 He stood 
transfixed .. sudden horror in his elongated countenance. 
1870 F, Hat in Wilson tr. Vishnu-purdna V. 68 [Bhish- 
maka is] the elongated form of Bhishma. 1884 Times 
“St ed.) 26 Sept. 6/3 The lover of elongated farces. _ 

2. That is excessively long in proportion to its 
breadth, as if drawn out or extended. 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 51 Two of these edges.. 
present anteriorly an elongated surface. 1836 MAcCGILLIVRAY 
tr. Humboldt’s Trav. xxi. 305 One.. has an elongated snout. 
1863 BerkeLey Brit, Mosses iii. 13 The stem. .consists more 
or less of elongated cells. 1877 W. THomson Voy. Challenger 
I. ii. 131 The heart, an elongated tube. 

Elongative (Zlgngettiv), a. nonce-wd. [f. 
ELONGATE + -IVE.] ‘That tends to elongate or 
lengthen out : see quot. 

1836 Fraser's Mag. XIII. 591 A hope, that the expedient 
: pted by the ive class of ators, ancient 
and modern .. may never more be resorted to. 

Elongation (Zlgngéifon). Also 4 elonga- 
eioun. [ad. late L. clongation-em, n. of action 
f. dlongare: see ELONGATE.] 

1. Astr. The angular distance of a heavenly body 
from some relatively fixed point ; in mod. usage, 
the angular distance of a planet from the sun, or 
of'a satellite from its primary. 

1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 25 Take the heiest altitude .. 
of any sterre fix .. & tak his nethere elongacioun. ?1540 
Dyfference of Astron, Aiib, Of sygnes, and of theyr elonga- 


95 


tions. 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. 31 8 is in his greatest elon- 
gation or distance from the @. 1662 Futter Worthies u. 
237 The star Venus was visible all day long, as sometime it 
falls out neer her greatest Elongation, 1841 Brewster 
Mart. Sc. iii. (1856) We saw her [Venus] in the form 
of a crescent, Perenblng exactly the moon at the same 
elongation. 1868 Lockyer Heavens (ed. 3) 76 In the morning 
..its maximum western elongation attains the same value. 

+b. The difference in motion between the 
swifter and the slower of two planets, or the quantity 
of space whereby the one has overgone the other. 

1727-51 in CHAMBERS. 

+c. The difference between the true place and 

the geocentric place of a planet. Ods. 


ve in Hutton, : 
+ 2. Removal to a distance, departure, recession ; 
hence, remoteness ; also fig. Ods. 

1616 Buttoxar, Elongation, a putting far off. 1639 J. 
Symonps in Spurgeon 7veas. Dav. Ps. xxxviii.g Ofttimes 
there is a frustration of our desires, or an elongation of the 
things. 1654 tr. Scudery’s Curia Politiz, Those who de- 
signed his elongation and further removal from Court. 
1661 HickERINGILL Yamaica 5 That vulgar errour, that it’s 
[the Sun’s] elongation [is] the reason of extreamity of cold. 
1672 Phil. Trans, VII. 5126 The Dis-appearance of those 
Stars may be ascribed to their Elongation from..our Eyes. 
1694 R. BurtHocce Essay on Reason 140 In its utmost 
Elongation or Removal from him. ; 

+d. Astron. The removal of a planet to its 
furthest distance from the sun ; aphelion. 

1715 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in BarLey. 1787 SMEATON in 
Phil. Trans. UXXVII. 319 The same disappointment .. 
with respect to the approaching elongation in September. 

3. The action or process of elongating, lengthen- 
ing out, or extending. 

1731 ArsuTuNnot A diments 42 This Motion of Elongation 
of the Fibres. 1793 T. Beppors Math. Evid. 142 What over- 
turns this whole system of analogical elongation .. is a dis- 
covery..towhich Lennep contributed an hint. 1828 Srevart 
Planter’s G. 277 This decided tendency to elongation of the 
boughs on the lee-side. 183 Brewster Nat. Magic iv. 
(1833) 80 The figure will undergo most curious elongations 
aad contractions. 1878 L. P. Merepitu 7eeth 47 There 
is also an elongation of the anterior portion of the jaws. 

+4. Surgery. a. ‘An imperfect luxation, when 
the ligaments are only relaxed and lengthened, but 
the bone is not out of place’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1676 WisEMAN Surg. 480 Those Elongations which are the 
effect of an Humour soaking upon a Ligament .. making 
it liable to be stretcht. 1715 in Kersey. 1847 in Cratc. 

b. ‘The extension of a limb for the purpose of 
reducing a dislocation or setting fractured bones’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 1847 in Craic. 

5. The state of being elongated or lengthened. 
concr. That which is elongated; an extended 
space, a continuation, a part produced. 

175 R. CamarincE Scribbleriad ut. 83 note, His skin was 
.. grown over with an horny excrescence called by the Na- 
turalists the Elongation of the papilla. 17 . Hunter 
tr. St. Pierre’s Stud. Nat. (1799) 111.29 To prove the truth 
of my theory respecting their [the poles’] elongation. 1797 
M. Barturz Mord. Anat. (1807) 299 If these elongations were 
to be situated at a distance from the neck of the bladder. 
1813 H. & J. Smitu Rey. Addr, 61 But when on this boarded 
elongation it falls to my lot to saya good thing. 1837 
Wuewe t Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) 11. 282 The elongation of 
the image. 1869 J. Martineau £ss. II. 76 His morality .. 
is a mere elongation of law. 

Elo-nge, var. of ALLONGE v. and sd. 

1699 B.E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Elonge, to stretch forward 
the right Arm and Leg, and to keep a close Left-foot. 1707 
Sir W. Hore New Meth. Fencing (1796) 95 Other Masters... 
maintain .. that he will Elonge or Stretch, as far this Way, 
as when his Foot is couched to one side. /éd., Which 
certainly shortens his Elonge. 


+ Elonging, v0/. sb. Obs. rare—'. [f. ELona 
v. + -ING if (See quot.) : 

1611 Forio, A ontananza, an elonging or farre distance. 

Elope (/1é«p). Also 6 ellope. [In AF. (14thc.) 
aloper, peth. f. ME. *alope(n, pa. pple. of *aleapen 
(f. A- pref. 4+ Leap) = MDu. ontlopen, Ger. ent- 
Jaufen to run away ; cf. OE. z#thléapan, the technical 
word for the ‘escaping’ of a thief. The assumed 
ME. *alope however might stand for z/oge, pa. pple. 
of /eapen in same sense ; cf. ‘ pe wicke giv [was] 
a wei i-lope’ (Childh. / 972). 

The current hypothesis of derivation from MDu. ontlopfen 


seems improbable on account of the early appearance of the 
word in AF. 


— Katherinam ad el 
Coxe Ox Litt. 32 a, 


madam. 1818 Cruise Digest I. 204 A man by deed ted 
and fived in 

adultery. 1837 W. Irvine Caf?. Bonneville III. 230 He en- 
deavoured to prevail upon his quondam mistress to el 
withhim. 1884 Law Reports Chanc. Div. XXV. 483 Onthe 
following day Captain Sampson and Miss Wall eloped. 

2. gen. To run away, escape, abscond. 

1596 SrENSER /.Q. v. iv.g She left me quight, And to my 


ELOQUENCE. 


brother did elope streightway. 1664 Butter //1d. 11. i. 260 
In close catasta shut, past hope Of wit or valour to elope. 
1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. 11. xlvii. 188 When the 

erm of Payment came, they eloped. 1840 Dickens Barn. 
Rudge \xxxii, The .. valet .. eloped with all the cash and 
moveables he could lay his hands on. 

3. transf. and fig. (Chiefly in xonce-uses.) 

1726 Swirt To a Lady, But with raillery to nettle.. Never 
lets your mind elope. 1785 Cowper 7iroc. 876 Since thy 
strength must with thy years elope. pase Keats Ef. C.C. 
Clarke, Spenserian vowels that elope with ease. 

Elopement (‘1épmént). [In AF. (14th c.) 
alopement : see prec. and -MENT.] The action of 
eloping, in various senses. See the vb. 

{1338 in Vear-dks, 11-12 Edw. II] (Horw.) 587 Lalopement 
fut alegge en autre counte ge le dower ne fut demande.} 
1641 Termes de la Ley 133 Elopement is when a married 
woman departeth from her husband with an adulterer. 1698 
Lutrrete Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 346 She had 3 children since 
her elopement. 1719 De For Crusoe (1869) 5 Without any 
Purpose of making an Elopement that time. a 1763 
SHENSTONE £ss. 2 ‘The accidental elopements .. of a compo- 
sition. 1819 Byron Yuaz 1. cciii, Myself, and several now 
in Seville, Saw Juan’s last elopement with the devil. 1822 
J. Fut Lett, Amer. 115 The indolence and disorderly con- 
duct of slaves, together with their frequent elopements. 1853 
De Quincey Wks. XIV. 460 My elopement from school. 

Eloper (/16"pa1). [f. ELorr.] One who elopes. 

1748 RicHARDSON Clarissa (1811) 1V.212 To be..an eloper 
from my friends to him. 1782 Miss Burney Ceciéia ii. (D.) 
By making you an eloper with a duellist. 1830 Marryat 
King's Own xviii, Seizing what was left, and cursing the 
elopers. 1856 Kane Arct, Exf/. U1. xii. 126 The report .. 
makes the lady a willing eloper. 1879 Escorr Exgland II. 
198 He is taken into a room where..he recognises the 
eloper. 

Elopine (e'lgpain), a. Zool. [f. mod.L. e/op-s 
+-INE.] Resembling the genus /:/ofs of fishes. 

1887 Athenzum g July 58/3 He considered it [the genus 
KRhacolepis] an elopine clupeoid. 

Eloping (/lé"pin), vd/. sd. [f. ELope +-1nG 1] 
The action of the verb ELopr. 

1783 BLacksTONE Comm. u. viii (ed. 9), If a woman volun- 
tarily leaves (which the law calls eloping from) her husband. 

Eloping (‘lopin), Af/. a. [f. ELopr +-1nc2.] 
That elopes, in various senses. 

1700 BrackmorE Yob 24 The eloping flood did from its 
channel stray. 1703 Rowe Fair Penitent Epil., There's 
dreadful dealing with Eloping Wives. 

|| Elops (7Ipps). Zoo/. [mod.L. a. Gr. édoy: 
see Exttops.] A genus of fishes of the Herring 
family ; ‘spread over all tropical and sub-tropical 
seas’ (Giinther) 

Elops, var. of ELLops. 

Eloquence (elékwéns). Forms: 5 eloquens, 
elloquence, 4— eloquence. [a. Fr. éoguence, 
ad. L. eloguentia, f. éloguent-em ELOQUENT.]} 

1. The action, practice, or art of expressing 
thought with fluency, force, and appropriateness, 
so as to appeal to the reason or move the feelings. 
Also concr. eloquent language. 

Primarily of oral utterance, and hence applied to writing 
that has the characteristics of good oratory. In mod, use 
the notion of zmfassioned utterance is more prominent than 
in the early examples. 

1382 Wycuiir Cor: Prol.,, Summe [were overturned] of 
Meg) eloquence of philosofie. c1440 Gesta Rom. 1. xxi. 
71 (Harl. MS.) Wise men .. by deceyuable eloquence and 
takyng of money deceyueth. 159x Suaxs. 77vo Gent. m1. i. 
83 And naught esteemes my aged eloquence. 1665-9 BoyLE 
Occas. Reft, Ded., Those Celebrated Ladies .. by their .. 
Eloquence .. taught their Children tosway those Rulers of 
the World. 1709 Tatler No. 70 ® 2 Eloquence, set off with 
the proper Ornaments of Voice and Gesture, 1840 H. RocErs 
Ess, (1874) IL. v. 224 To give a brief definition of. .this truest 
style of eloquence..it was ‘practical reasoning,’ animated 
by strong emotion. 1847 Grote Greece (1862) IV. 11. xlvi. 
108 His eloquence was irresistibly impressive. 


1595 Hooker Ecc/, Pol.1, ii, Our safest eloquence concern- 
ing him [God] is our silence. 1713 Youn Last Day 1. 129 
The dreadful eloquence of pain, Our only song. 1715-20 
Pore /éiad xiv. 252 Silence that spoke and eloquence of 
eyes. 1814 S. Rocers Yacguel. 56 Her tears her only 
eloquence. 1822 Hazuitr 7ad/e-t. II. iii. 37 That undis- 
turbed silence of the heart which alone is perfect eloquence. 
e. in Zl. arch. 

1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) B iiij, People 
came to Rome to se the eloquences of the bokes. 1865 Car- 
LyLE Fredk. Gt. V. x1x. v. 495 Suasive eloquences and advices. 

+2. Speech or verbal expression in general. Ods. 

c1400 Rom. Rose7541 Your wikked thought. . That mooveth 
your foule eloquence. 1658-9 N. Sr. Nicuoras in Burton’s 
Diary (1828) III. 119, I wish we do not draw God’s judg- 
ment by such light eloquence. 

3. The quality of being eloquent, as an attribute 
of speakers or writers, their utterances or style. 

1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 5 Alle to declare I have 
noone eloquence. ¢1450 Crt. Love 2 Of cunning naked, 
bare of eloquence. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) rb, 
My insuffycyency and ignoraunce .. lacke bothe lernynge 
and eloquence. 1662 StiLLinGFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. i. §15 This 
particular argument ..is managed with a great deal of elo- 
quence. 1704 Swirt 7. Tub xi. 129 This I have produced 
as a Scantling of Jacks great eloquence. 1831 Lytton 
Godolph. 6 Her father’s had d d to her. 
Mod. A passage of unsurpassed eloquence. 

4. = RuETORIC. 

1623 CocxeraM, Eloguence, the Art of Rhetoricke. 1 
Morse Amer. Geog. I. 525 Professor of .. eloquence. 
Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. 6 Abrah Remi .. Profe 
Royal of Eloquence. 


ELOQUENCY. 
+5. An alleged technical term denoting a com- 


of lawyers. Obs. rare~'. 
Bh. St. Albans F vij a, An rar ag of laweyeris. 
+E ‘loquency. bs. rare. [f. as prec.; see 
-ENCY. ance 3. 


148 Tn, Raynatp Womans booke B 8 Witty M 
wit doulce & sugred eloquency. 1546 Lanciey / 


Verg. De Invent. 1. ix. 19 a, latin tong is not so fyt 
to receiue the ornamentes of Eloquencie ast Greke tong 
is. 1683 Cave Ecclesiastici App. 27 The clearness, 


and eloq y of his disc 
Eloquent (e‘Wkwént), a. [a. Fr. oguent, ad. 


L. eloguent-em, pr. pple., f. Zlogui to speak out.] 

1. Ofpersons: Possessing or exercising the power 
of Pie. gs forcible, and appropriate expression. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 288 In his speche Of wordes he was 
eloquent. 1480 CaxTon Chae: Eng. ccxxxvii. 261 A wyse 
kny3t and a trewe and an eloquent man. 1586 T. B. La 
Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) 249 The _—— orator in 
the world. 1651 Hospes aa 1.xi. 49 Eloquent speakers 
are enclined to Ambition. a@ 1714 Burnet Own Time (1766) 
I. 172 The eloquentest man of that time. 1874 Mor.ey 
Compromise (1886) 48 The school of which M. Renan is the 
most eloquent representative. 

b. ¢ransf. and fs: 

1599 Suaks. Hen. V’, m1, vii. 37 Turne the Sands into elo- 
quent tongues. 1781 Grszox Decl. & F. III. lxx. 774 His pen 
was not less eloquent than his tongue. 1814 S. RoGers 
Facquel, 1.81 Her dark eyes—how eloquent! 1862 TroLLore 
Orley F. xxxix, There is a silence which may be more elo- 
quent than the sounds which it follows. ; 

2. Of utterances or style: Characterized by for- 
cible and appropriate expression. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 85 Rhetorique, whose facounde 
Above all other is eloquent. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. 
xxi, Your payne and wordes eloquent. ax H. Smitn 
Wks. (1866-7) 1. 79 To the godly it seemeth the wisest, and 
eloquentest, and shires and easiest book of all others. 
1627 Donne Serm. owerfull as the Eloquentest 
Sermon. 1806 Med. a 7 XV. 81 The author of this elo- 
quent little pamphlet. 184 ia Arab, Nts. 1.105 Well- 
shaped, and of eloquent s 

+ 3. humorously. That i inspires eloquence. 

1599 Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. (1841) 22 You have the 
most eloquenst ale in all the ss 

Eloquential (elékwenfal), a. rare. [f. L. 
éloguenti-a ELOQUENCE +-AL.] Pertaining to elo- 
quence ; rhetorical. 

a1711 Ken /ymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 351 Orators, 
who with Eloquential Might, Black’ sed bright ay, to guild 
infernal Night. 1839-48 Baitey Festus (ed. 3)73/2, I Was 
waiting for an eloquential pause In this ..odd story. 1867 
Lp. Strancrorp Sel. Writings 11. 54 Eloquential gush. 
“ 308 In his eloquential aspect. 

Bloquently (elékwéntli), adv. [f. ELoQUuENT 
+-LY %,] In an eloquent manner. Also fig. 

1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. v. xxiv. in Ashm. (1652) 154 How 
eloquently .. they clape. 1570 AscHam Scholem. (Arb.) 140 
Carolus Sigonius hath written of late, both lnggeone and 
eloquentlie. 165: Hospes Leviath, 1. xxxiii. Written 
by them eloquently in Greek. 1850 W. invent ‘oldsm. i. 
20 Pictures, rural and domestic .. appeal so eloquently to 
the fancy. 

“|b. Aumorously. 

28s Brimtey £ss. 276 Eloquently drunk. 

Eloquentness (elkwéntnés). rave—°. [f. 
ELoQuENT + = ELOQUENCE 3. 

1727-31 in Baitey II. 1778 in Asn. 

+ Elo-quious, 2. Med rare. [f. L. dlogui-um 
eloquence + -OUS. ] E uent. 

Nasue Lent. stage arl. Misc. VI. 162 Eloqui- 
Sas oarie beard, father Nestor, you were one of them. 1607 
Heywoop Fayre Mayde Exchange Wks. 1874 Il. 54 Heer’s 
a most eloquious aire for the memory. 

+ Elo‘zable, a. Ods. rare—'. [as if a. OF. 
*eslosable, f. esloser to praise.] Amenable to flattery. 

.1537 Machiavel's Vind. in Hart. Misc. 1. 61 The execu- 
tion of the laws would reach them .. who in the time of 
Tarquin it seems found the prince more elozable. 

+Elp. Oés. Also1 ylp, 3 alp. [shortened form 
of OE. elpend, ad. L. elephant-em.] = ELEPHANT. 
Hence Alpes bon, ivo 

exo0o Ags. Gloss. in 1.-Wiilcker 320 Elefans red 
¢ 1220 vga A 604 Elpes arn in Inde riche, on 
berges ilike. /éid. 646 Danne cumed dis elp alae ¢ ro 
St. Katherine (Auchinl. MS.) 282 in Horstmann A /teng. 
Leg. U1. 248 Hir body white as alpes bon, 

El te (elpzsdlait). Ain. [f. £7 Paso 
Cocolo, where first found.] A fluoride of potassium, 
aluminium, and sodium, occurring in pachnolite, 
in small colourless nodules, 

1885 U. S. Geol. Surv, U1. 275 We wish to propose the 
name elpasolite for it. 

Elpi, var. of ONELEPY a. Oés. sole, single: 

«1200 Trin. Coll. Hom, 258 Uhesu crist, bin elpi sune, 
a 12ag Ancr. R. 324 Pu wi t bine honden in one elpi 

r 


deie twies 

+ Elpi'stic " Obs. rare—', [ad.Gr, Amorixds, 
f. Tapes to hope -] The distinctive epithet of a 
sect of Greek philosophers (see quot.), 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) 286 The 


Elpisticke Philosophers affirmed, that nothing better main- 
pe and preserved the life of becod than H. Hope 
Elrage, 


he, -itch, ¥ var. ff, EL- 
DRITCH,. 


Elren, elren, obs. ff. ELDER sé.1 
mite (elrpkoit). Min. [f. £7 Rogue, name 
of an island in the Caribbean : see -ITE.] 


96 


silicate of aluminium and iron, coloured green by 
chromium. 


sie Dans Pile. hep. Bae PY -an apple green 
to grey, massive substance. 


, suffix, in OE. -els, repr. OTeut. -zs/o-z, 
-tslo(m, -islj o(m, forming instrumental sbs. or verbal 
- chiefly from ybs. in (OTent.) yan, The 
suffix was very common in OE., as in gyrdeds (in 
Epinal Glossary gyrdis/, -ils) girdle, byrgels (Bu- 
RIELS) tomb, grw/els quarry, riecels (REKELS) in- 
cense, v#de/s RIDDLE. The few words of this type 
that have survived into mod. English have lost 
their final s, owing to the original forms having 
been mistaken for plurals: see -LE. 

Else (els), adv. Forms: 1-6 elles, (2 helles, 
Orm., elless, 3-4? el(le, 4 eles), 4 ellez, 4-5 ellus, 
4-6 ellis, -ys, (4 hellis), 4-7 ells, els, 6- else. 
[OE. ¢/les = OHG. elles, alles, OSw. diljes (Sw. 
eljest), adverbial use of the genit. case neuter 
(=Goth. a/is:—OTeut. *aljeso) of OTeut. *aljo- 
other (whence OE. ¢/- in compounds: see ELz- 
LENDISH) = L. a/ius. 

Senses 1 and 2 appear to arise from phrases in which the 
word retained its original force as an adj. used absol. 
senses 3-5 are prob, strictly adverbial genitives.] 

1. A synonym of other, used in connexion with 
indef., rel., or interrog. pronouns, or with words or 
phrases equivalent to any of these, such as anything, 
nothing, everything, anybody, some one; also with 
all (absol.), much, little, a great deal. (In mod. 
language else follows the pronominal word or 
phrase.) In this use e/se, like its synonym other, 


| admits contextually of two different interpreta- 


tions: e.g. something else may mean ‘ something 
in addition’ to what is mentioned, or ‘something 
as an alternative or a substitute’. In the former 
case e/se may be replaced by besides, further, more ; 
in the latter case it may sometimes be rendered by 
different, instead, with that exception, etc. Often 
(like other) followed by dut (see But 5 b.) or than. 

In OE. eé/es, as thus used, admits of being construed, in 
accordance with its etymology, as a neut. adj. in gen. case ; 
e.g. dwiht elles (aught else) is lit. ‘aught of other’, cf. 
dwuht gédes (Metr. "Bocth. xxv. 59) lit. ‘anything of good’; 
also t. guid novi, amari aliquid, Fr. guelquechose de 
bon. The extension of this construction seen in phrases like 
anyone else, who else, etc., and in the examples under 1 b, 
may be compared with Fr. ‘dn 'y a personne de blessé; voila 
trois hommes de mort, etc. It is however robable that 
even in OE. the consciousness of the genitival character of 
else was already obscured ; and from the standpoint of mod. 
usage, it is hard to say whether the word should be re- 
garded as an adj. in concord with the words ‘that from the 
point of view of historical mar would be said to 

‘govern’ it, or whether it should be classed as an — 

a1000 Seafarer (Gr.) 46 Ne bip him to hearpan hyge an 
ne ymbe owiht elles nefne, etc. 1200 Ormin 9304 Nohht 
elless ne nohht mare Pann batt tatt 3uw iss sett. ¢ rage Gen. 
& Ex. 4 Alle elles he driuen in deades weph. a 1300 
Cursor M. 13471 (Cott.) pis he said .. To fand him and na- 
thing elles. ¢1340 Gaw., & Gr. Knt. 1550 oho to haf won- 
nen hym to wo3e, what-so scho po3t ellez. Hamro.e 
Pr. Consc. 1072 Pe world. .es noght elles, Bot maners of 
men pat par-in dwelles. 1532 Hervet = peg 
Househ, (1768) F:; Shall he nede any thyn 
CoveRDALE Zep, . 15, 1 am, and there Ap e ; = 
Stituincri. Orig. Sacr. Ded. 6 Were there nothin; 
commend Religion to “> erp 4 of men. a 1677 
Serm, Wks. 1716 IL. o they else, but scrape apes 
scramble. .for these tl 1705 Appison /taly Pref., An- 
tiquities that no Body else has spoken of. 1842 TENNYSON 
Audley Court, Emilia, fairer than all else but thou, For thou 
art fairer than all else that is. 1879 Strainer Music of Bible 
2 Singing is little else than a highly beautiful speaking. 

In the same sense, referring to a sb., chiefly 

preceded by an adj. correlative with one of the pro- 


nouns, etc. mentioned in 1. Formerly common ; 


now only foet. or arch. 

Modern usage permits us to say ‘ Have seen anybody 
else?’ ‘have you read anything else?’ po gen 
thing have lost their substantival force ; beagle 3 not ‘Have you 
seen any soldier else?’ ‘ have you read an 

97: Blickl. Hom, 39 Hwyle beren aban he oo elles 
buton heofona rice? 1340-70 Alex. §& Dind. 1017 Po bost- 
ful dedeus. . ao de & to no t ellus. 
1538 Bate God's Promises in Dods ley (1780) 1. 25 The ad- 
ders ded stynge other wycked persones els In wonderfull 
numbre. 1577 Vautrouttier Luther on Ep. Gai. 92 Sharpe 
chidings and bitter wordes are as necessary .. as any other 
vertue els, 1613 Purcnas Pilgr., Deser. Indias ) 19 Hee 
is Lord of all nor hath any e! se possession of any thing, but 
¢ the will of the King. 16: 'HAPMAN Odyss. XVI, 186 

force She kept his pease << all else recourse. 
fot Ai 6 ee Wks, VI. 33 Where 
things else are still and motion 1827 
7.x, This silence..Was now 
te. elliptically. So ing, an 
‘ otherwise’. Ods. 


- mos 


1525 Tale oj a 2in Hazl. £, P. P. 111. 44 Summe 
trew and sum byn ellis. in W. H. Turner Select 
ec. piel oe yee Noe freman of the Cytie, be baker or 
els. le Suaxs. Yohkn us. i. 276 . 
orming a ee . with inflected 
genitive: Somebody (. everybody, some one, 
any one, every one) else's. ‘ery common ¢o//og. 


668 Pepys Di Dec., M was just the same 
: yusscedag. and ee Sean ane te 
1860 5 Sat. Rev. ba sae Ba ny 4 A clergyman who is inclined to 


bers a” Arm a Ne ney he e's 


bjoined to one of the 


VU, c. 19.4 11 Wher he then shalbe mos ao Cee 
..& no wher elles. Upatt Erasm. Par. Pref. 2 Are 


aglaecean 
ic meahte 3 wid ee Aliter, 
sie i He ne A eh ie 


ry writtenn ye te word. se etch P. PLC. u. 
mesure pat am 
Neces Pon Comp. Alch. r pay Ea 148 For ells ot 
not be alterat nai 
+ b. In another Hizection ; = elsewhither. Obs. 


1320 Sir Tristr. 21 Offond ichil elles fare, 1591 SHAKs. 
Two Gont. 1. i. 295 Sines the substance of your perfect 
selfe is else deuoted, I am but a shadow. 

+c. At another time, or at other times. Hence, 
Already, formerly. Ods. exc. dial. 

1393 Lanat. P. Pl. C. 1. 89 In lentene, and elles. ¢ 1400 
Mavnpev. xi, 125 On ev Saturday, hyt renneth faste; and 
alle the Wooke elles, hyt stondeth stylle. 1513 
ineis x1. vi. 136 Contrar hys kene dartis ellis stand haue 
we, B| Montcomerie Cherrie & Slae 1491 Did he not 
- he, consent the cherrie for to a Ray 

Nic Words 24, I have done that else, zz. ‘od, Se. 
Have you come back else ? 

4. In another case, under other Ds 4 
otherwise, on any other Sup) ition ; if not. 

¢1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 1 Elles nebbe ze mede mid 
eowrum Fader be on heofenum ys. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 
111 Elles ne bid his rixlunge ne fest ne lonsum. ¢ 1250 Gen. 
& Ex. 3072 _—- ist laten hem vt- , Al sal egipte elles 
for-faren. x: R. Grouc. (1724) 451 El te, ig he ryt + 
amys. 1400 AUNDEV. XXIl, 241 
Charett with 4 Wheles. — F. Q.i-iag Stange 
her, elsshe sure will st: Naaman 
ff The land certainly gene them out else. 1765 

WaAvpote Ofranto v. (1798) 80 It comes to warn 
highness; why should it a to me else? 1837 a4 
Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 3) I. v. 115 Else how shou! 
one be saved? Brownixc Red Cott. Night-C. 11 
Boughs above, en, deform the path, else phic. 8 
ane. 

b. preceded by or. 

pas perma 715 Or ells dom be cald a-gain. 

er. E, Aliit. PK A. 723 Box he com py 3 a8 
che e, Hig fe ellez neuer more com per-inne. ¢ 1394 P. _ 
— pers elles Satan him-self sente hem 
Simpreng g hagnmyn ellys ao 
hye sla ry 18S 385 Tract | in Strype _ Mem. Ti. App. 

i e your hearts pure or els prayers are 
sin. 1592 Suaxs. Ven. $ Ad. 208 § hic wanda, or.aies 
be mute. 1659 Hammonp On Ps. xlviii. 13 Annot. 249 Or 
els it will be impossible to number them exactly. 1820 
Keats St. A, xii, Follow me, child, or else these stones 


will be thy bier. 1872 ep Statist. Mines & tepriny 4 
323 The tunnel be owned by ie Sa0 105 See 
ould be constructed upon some agree: 


ce. idiomatically. =‘ If it is not not bellowed’, Now 
rare or dial. 
Pr.» Greene Ori. Fur. (1599) 


ne peopl de. 594 Sok pry 


Pamela Il. i Ly 3 ag = M : -~ 
ulpepper’s SiC, 245 St. Peter e 
greater Agoetle, atk Pope else. 

d. Pedy ie | an adj. rhetorical. 

Campsett Ode Burns iii, Love -0 

wae ise, In life’s else bitter Sastre stp be 
Queer Recoll. Lakes Wks. U1. 222 og deel e., 

luently along the else monotonous recurrences. Sore Eure Haw- 
THORNE —_ Felton (1879) 191 To wander with her through 
places else so desolate. 

+5. quasi-cony. If only, provided that, so long 
as. ey < Ger, hey same ee) 


H lez he mete. ¢ 
& Gr. Ape a1 tee, oes cea hym an 
1375 Se. "Sante 8 t. Bota 3 
our saweoure 
, adv. Obs. exe. °. dial. [f Ese + 

How. 

In this and oe Sotan) compounds of e/se (exc. Etsr- 
wise) the stress is ble 


In some, or auy, yo fe . i 
eee Suirn soma theme dintemper. fd 


) 6 the it be not elsehow perceived. 
api ie ap ai though ibe «v5 1 can'tdo it dame 


"} Elsewhat, pron, Ste [f. Exse + Waat.] 
Something or beeifiriet thug 
c890 K. AELrRED io il Gait) 9 Oa 
leorn e dyde. 
Cott Yom nis OF et ase of helles hwat iwurde } 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 45 Quablr bal or els- 
= it hurtis ay pe saule. Stpney . (1622) 489 
for ee why sie preety Spar tee ise sla i. 


E fo baron eas cand else-what of great 


At another mq at other times. 
1418 E. E. Wills (1880) 43 9 eased ' 


and witied helt peel 


My ee Sere re 


ELSEWHENCE. 


and elsewhen refused to do, 1570 AscuAm Scholem, (Arb.) 
86 More els when, if occasion so require. 

+ Elsewhence, adv. Obs. rare—1. [f. Euse + 
WHENCE.] From some other place or quarter. 

a Frorio Montaigne 1. xxxv. (1632) 112 All things being 
exactly furnished else whence. 

Elsewhere (elshwé-r), adv. [f. Euse+ 
WHERE, q. v. for forms.] 

1, At some other point ; in some other place. 

Beowulf 138 Elles hwer. a@ 1200 Moral Ode 331 in Trin. 
Coll. Hom. 230 Hwu litle hwile we bied her . hwu longe 
elles hware. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 12485 (Fairf.) Lere him quare 
sad wil ellis-quare. 1393. Lancet. P. Pl. C. xxu. 189 To 

yynde and vnbynde * both here and elleswher. 1495 Ac¢ 2 
Hen, VII, c. 37 Preamb., In the Countie of Lancaster or 
elliswhere in Yaciend. 1513 Doucias d2neis vi. ix. 93 
The dyne was hard eik ellis quhair full far. 1587 GoLpiING 
De Mornay xxiv. 408 God was not knowne and wor- 
shipped elswhere than among the people of Israell. 1621 
Burton Axat. Mel. 1. i. m1. ii, The parties, which shall be 
more opportunely spoken of els-where. 171x AppIsoNn Sfect. 
No. 261 » 8, As I have elsewhere observed. 1790 Patey 
Hore Paul. Rom. i. 9 Inquire whether we can find these 
circumstances elsewhere. 1828 Scotr /. JZ. Perth xxxii, I 
can speak with you here as well as elsewhere. 1872 FREEMAN 
Gen, Sketch xii. § 2 (1874) 238 In England and elsewhere 
many men had been burned as heretics. 

2. To some other point ; = ELSEWHITHER. 

1533 Douctas Atneis x1. vii. 68 Bot gif so be that thai 
lyst ellisquhair To othir costis or pepill for to wend. 1766 

LpsM. Vic. W. xxvi, If used ill in our dealings with one 

manwe..goelsewhere. 1863G. MacponaLp Ann. Q. Neighd. 
xxv. (1878) 436 Many of them went elsewhere to church. 

Elsewhither, adv. Somewhat arch. [f. ELSE 
+ WuITHER.] To some other place, in some other 
direction. Formerly also = ‘ whithersoever’. 

¢xo0o ALLFRIC Gram. 38 Elleshwider, aliorsum. 1297 R. 
Gove. (1724) 103 To Yrlond heo flowe a3eyn, & elles wyder 
heo my3te. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. liv. 38 He..sayd he 
must gone elles whyder. 157r GotpinG Calvin on Ps. 
xxxi. 23 That they bee not haried elsewhither. 1616 SurFL. 
& Marku, Countr. Farm 570 Send to the towne or else- 
whither to buy bread. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. (1872) III. 
1. i, 11 The dusty fugitives must shrink elsewhither. 


+ Elsewho, fro. Obs. [f. EusE + Wuo.] Any- 


one else. 

cxs42 Upatt in Ellis Orig. Lett. Lit. (1843) 4, I cannot 
persuad myself that your maistershipp hateth in me or 
elswhom any thyng excepte vices. 

Elsewise (els,waiz), adv. [f. Ense+-wisr.] 
In some other manner; in other circumstances, 
otherwise. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Cor. iii, 3 This matter.. 
would elswise haue caused much spyte. 1549 CovERDALE 
Erasm. Par. Rom, i. 29 Whiche wer elswyse ful of al 
naughtynes. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. I. 97 Elsewise the 
world got up at eight. 1888 V. Amer, Rev. Feb. 214 The 
leaders elsewise. .have declared themselves. .as his enthusi- 
astic supporters. 

+ Elsibeth players. Ods. rare—'. [app. f. 
the name Zizzadeth.| A kind of strolling actors. 

1672 Marve, Reh. Transp. 1. 318 A set of Elsibeth 
Players, that in the Country having worn out. .all the Playes 
they brought with them from London, etc. 

Elsin (elsin). Ods, exc. north dial, Forms: 5 
elsyn(g, 6-9 elsen, 5— elson, 8- elshin, g- elsin. 
[app. a. MDu. edssene (later e/zen(e, mod.Du. e/s) 
:—*alisna :—OTeut. *alasnd (whence by transposi- 
tion OHG. alansa, alunsa); f. the same root as 
Aw. + suffix as in OTeut. *segasnd (-7snd), Ger. 
sense scythe. (The Teut. word was adopted into 
Romanic: cf. Sp. alesna, lesna, It. lésina, Fr. 
aléne, Pr. alena.)| An awl. 

1440 Promp. Parv. 138 Elsyn[v. ~. elsyng], sibulda. 1530 
Patsor. 216/2 Elson for cordwayners, a/esve. 1681 CoLvi. 
Whigs Supplic. (1751) 107 There lyes his elson and his lingle, 
@1774 Fercusson £iection, Syne wi’ a muckle elshin lang 
He brogit Maggie’s hurdies. 1830 Gait Lawrie 7. 1. ix. 
(1849) 114, I never bored a hole with an elsin in my life. 
1864 Atkinson Whitby Gloss., Elsin, an awl, ‘As sharp 
as a cobler’s elsin,’ acute. 

2. Comb.: elsin-blade, the blade of an awl, or 
the awl itself; elsin-box, a box for holding 
awls; elsin-haft, the haft or handle of an awl; 
also, ‘the old designation for a jargonelle pear 
from its resemblance to the haft of an awl’ (Jam.). 

1571 Wills § Inv. N.C. (1835) 1. 261 Vj doss’ elsen heftes 
--elsonblades viijs. viijd. 1805 A. Scorr Poems 57 (Jam.) 
Ane ca’s a thing like elsin-box, That drools like corn-pipes 
Fu’ queer that day. 

Elf (elt), sd. dia/, Also hilt. [? var. of Yevr.] 
(See quots.) 

1842 Akerman Wilts. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Hilt, a young sow 
kept for Soe 1864 Barnes Dorset Gloss. in Philol. 
Soc. Trans. 55 Ett, a young sow or pig. 

+ Blt (elt), v. Ods. or dial. [ad. ON. e/ta to 
knead, work.] To knead. 

cx2g0 Gen. ¢ Ex, 2892 And 603 holden de Sipeles tale, 
And elten and eilden, grete and smale. 1691 in Ray N.C. 
Weds. 24. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1875 Lanc. Gloss. s.v, 
Hoos eltin t’ doff an canno’ come, 1854 in A, E, Baker 
Northamptonsh. Gloss. 5 ‘ 

?Hence E'lting, vd/. sb.; used attrib. or as adj. 
in elting-moulds,‘ the soft ridges of fresh-ploughed 
land’ (Clare). 

r8ar Care Vill. Minstr. I. Pau I took my rounds O’er 
elting moulds of fallow grounds. /did. I. 9x He scampers 
over the elting soil. 1854 in A. E. Baxer Northamptonsh. 
Gloss. 

Vor. III. 


97 


Eltchi, var. of EuxcuEx (Zurk.) ambassador. 

Eltrich, var. of Etprircu. 

Eltrot (e'ltrgt). da/. [Etymology doubtful : ?f. 
Ext sé.+Roor.] a. A name for the stalk of 
several plants; esf, Wild Parsley (Charophyllum 
sylvestre). %b. The plant itself. Also attrib. 

1 Britten & Ho it. Plant-2,., Eltrot 1. Heracleum 
Sphondylium. 2. Anthriscus sylvestris. 3 Stalk of wild 
barley. 1880 Gd. Words 150 1 used to make trumpets of.. 
elder sticks, eltrot stems, and even stinging nettle stalks, 

+ Elucid, a. Ods. rare—1. [f. E- pref? + 
Lucip.] That gives out light. 

1660 Bovte New Exp. Phys.-Mech. xxxvii. 309 Surfaces, 
which. .confusedly represent. . Images of the elucid Body. 

+ Elweidary. Os. rare. [ad. late L. aici 

darium an introductory treatise explanatory of a 
book or subject : cf. next.] An explanatory treatise 
or commentary ; an explanation. 
_ 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1253 Anticles and Hister 
in their Commentaries, and Elucidaries, of these things doe 
quote and alledge as much. 1692 Cotes, Elucidaries, ex- 
positions of obscure things. 1775 in As. 

+ Elucidate, a. Obs. [f. late L. eicidat-us, 
pa. pple. of eiictdare: see next.] Clear, plain, in- 
telligible. 

a 1670 Hacker Ad¢, Williams 1. (1692) 137 There was not 
a greater master of perspicuity and elucidate distinctions. 

lucidate (flizsideit), v. [f. late L. dicidat- 
ppl. stem of éicida-re, f. @ out + liictdus bright.] 
trans. To render lucid; now only fg. to throw 
light upon, clear up, explain. Also adsod. 

@1568 CoverDALE Let, Wks. II. 492 Such annotations 
.-elucidate and clear [the text]. 1675 Baxter Cath. Theol. 
u. v. 88 Your own conceptions .. tend to elucidate. 1676 
Butioxar, Elucidate, to make bright or shining. 1685 
Evetyn Mem. (1857) 11. 256 This..was made out of human 
blood and urine, elucidating the vital flame, or heat, in 
animal bodies. 1748 J. Mason Elocut. 33 The great End of 
Pronunciation is to elucidate and heighten the Sense. 1789 
Gipson Axutobiog. (1854) 85 Sir William Hamilton Be 
elucidated a country of such inestimable value to the 
naturalist. 1804 WELLINGTON Let. in Gurw. Disf. III. 127, 
I mention these circumstances only because they tend to 
elucidate the foreign policy of this Prince. 1825 Macautay 
Milton, Ess. (1851) I. 1 His notes have the rare merit of really 
elucidating the text. 1840 Mitt Diss. §& Disc. (1873) I. 408 
This language .. serves not to elucidate. 1872 Darwin 
Emotions Introd. 5 Elucidating the physiology of the mus- 
cles of the hand. : 

Elucidation (flid:sidé'fon). [f. as prec.: see 
-ATION.] 

1. The action or process of elucidating, throwing 
light upon, making plain or intelligible. 

1570 BittincsLey Lxclid vy. iii. 128 Somewhat will I now 
say for the elucidation of the first kinde. 1774 J. Bryant 
Mythol. II. 62 The person alluded to stands too manifest to 
need any farther elucidation. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India 
II. v. viil. 688 Zeal for the elucidation of Indian delinquency. 
1843 CARLYLE Past § Pr. (1858) 101 Shall disclose itself, to 
mutual elucidation. 1858 Froupe //ist. Eng. III. Pref. 8 
Documents .. and the notes .. added for their elucidation. 

2. That which serves to elucidate or clear up; 
an explanation, demonstration, or illustration. 

1667 Phil, Trans. 11. 568 There being no further Elucida- 
tion of the said Theoreme since publisht. 1772 PENNANT 
Tours Scotd. (1774) 293 We may expect further elucidations 
from a skillful antiquary. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. 
viii. (1814) 344, I trust I shall be able to offer you satisfactory 
elucidations on the subject. 1840 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 
265 The latest generations of men will find new meanings in 
Shakspeare, new elucidations of their own human being, 

Elucidative (‘lizsidétiv), a. [f. L. aicédat- 
(see ELucIDATE) +-IVE.] That tends to elucidate, 
throw light upon, make plain or intelligible. 

1822 Blackw. Mag. XI. 207, I send you a few Notes, 
elucidative of the letter. Bayne Purit. Rev. ii. 54 
Bold caricature sketches. -with elucidative comments. 

Elucidator (/lizsideiter). [f. as prec. + -oR.] 
One who elucidates. 

?@ 1633 Aszor (J.) Obscurity is brought over them. .b 
their pedantical elucidators. 1787-91 ‘G. GamBapo’ Acad. 
Horsem. (1809) 41 As my ingenious elucidator shews you. 
1846 HawTHoRNE Mosses 1. viii. (1864) 180 The works of 
his own elucidators were flung upon him. 

Elucidatory (/li#sidata-ri), a. [f. prec. +-y¥.] 
That elucidates, or tends to elucidate. Const. of 

1774 W. Hurcuinson (title) Freemasonry.—The Spirit 
of Masonry in Moral and Elucidatory Lectures, 1814 Q. 
Rev. ger Nay various letters are any thing but elucida- 
tory. 1861 Rak Hist, Eng. Lit. I. 588 His works. .are.. not 
simply d rative or idatory of mere matters of fact. 

+ Elu'ctate, v. Obs. rare—*, [f. L. eluctat-, 
ppl. stem of éuctari to struggle out.] intr. To 
struggle forth. 

@ 1670 Hacker Adp, Williams 1. (1692) 36 They did eluc- 
tate out of their injuries with credit to themselves. 

+ Elucta‘tion. Ods. [ad. L. eductation-em a 
struggling, n. of action f. 2/uctari : see Pree-] 

1. The action of bursting or struggling forth. fg. 

1633 T. Apams E.xf. 2nd Peter ii. 3 (ris) 268 The breath 
being gathered into those straits, with a forcible eluctation 
opens the artery, 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr, Mor, (1756) 61 
There is nothing more. ble unto t! genious world, 
than this noble eluctation of truth. 

2. fig. Escape through struggle ; release. 

1627 Donne Sern. clvii. 257, I shall be with him in his 
Eluctations, in his Victory. @1656 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. 
(1660) 268 At last we..find our selves freed by a comfortable 
and joyful eluctation, 


ELUDE. 


+ Elu‘cubrate, v. Ods. [f. L. éiicubrat- ppl. 
stem of éiicubra-re to compose by lamplight.] 
trans. To produce (a literary work) by the ex- 
penditure of ‘ midnight oil’. 

_1623 CockeraMm, Elucubrate, to doe a thing by candle- 
light. 165 Zvasm. in Fuller's Ade? Rediv. (1867) I. 89 
Many of his noblest works he elucubrated at Basil. 1656 
Biount Glossogr., Elucubrate, to watch and write by 
candle-light. 

Elucubration (‘li:kivbréi-fon). [f. as prec. : 
see -ATION. 

+1. The action of studying or composing by 
candle-light ; expenditure of ‘ midnight oil’. Ods. 

ti, regitay raean tae somany monethes elucubrations. 
1697 SVELYN WVwnism. ix. 305 Macerating Studies and Elu- 

rations. 1775 in AsH. 

2. concr. The product or result of studying or 
composing by candle-light: hence gev. any lite- 
rary composition. Cf. LucuBRation. 

1664 H. More Synop, Proph. To Rdr. 185 Those worthily- 
magnified elucubrations of Mr. Joseph Mede. 1716 M. 
Davis A then, Brit. 11. 272 S. Cyrillus. .whose most Erudite 
Elucubrations were printed at Paris, 1859 F. MAHoney 
Rel. Father Prout. 168 Such is the perfume that breathes 
from thy chest of posthumous elucubrations. 

Hence Elucubrationary a. 

1716 Mytes Davies Athen. Brit. 11. 383 Those corrupt 
Elucubrationary mixtures of Orthodoxy and inoculated 
Heterodoxy. 

+ Elucubrator. Ovs. rare. [agent-n. f. 
as prec.: see -OR.] One who elucubrates; an 
historian or investigator. 

1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. 1. 3 Histories, chronicles and 
monumentes, by the first authors and elucubrators. 

Elude (/livd), v. [ad. L. didé-re, f. @ out+ 
lidére to play.] 

+1. a. To befool, delude. (Partly confused 
with IntupDE.) b. To baffle, disappoint. Ods. 

1538 WrioTHESLEY Chron. (1875) I. 75 The people had bene 
eluded and caused to doe great idolatrie. 1594 West 
Symbol, . § 173 A witch or hagg is she which being eluded 
by a league made with the devil. .thinketh, etc. 1656 MiLton 
Lett. State Wks. 1738 II. 196 If that hope fail ’em, eluded 
and frustrated..where at length to find a resting-place they 
know not. 

+e. To wile away (tedium). Oés. 

1660 R. Coxe Fustice Vind. 12 Men .. seek company to 
divert themselves, so to elude the length of time. 

2. To escape by dexterity or stratagem (a blow, 
attack, danger, or difficulty). 

1634-46 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 141 Murderers, adulterers, 
&c., labours to elude discipline by fleeing from place to 
place. a@1677 Barrow Serm. II. xxxiii. (R.) The stroke of 
humane law may .. often be .. eluded by slight, by gift, by 
favour. 1715-20 Pore Jiiad 11. 444 The wary ‘Trojan, 
bending from the blow Eludes the death. 1790 Burke 
lr, Rev, Wks. V. 302 Difficulties which they rather had 
eluded than escaped, meet them again in their course. 1809 
W. Irvine Anickerd, (1861) 161 A thousand devices .. pre- 
pared him to elude the wound. 1828 Scotr /. A/. Perth 
I. 250 It was. .agreed, that, to elude the bad omen, the new 
King should assume the name of Robert. 

b. To evade the force of (an argument). 

1612 T, Taytor Comm. Titus i. 6. (1619) 102 Others seeking 
to elude this text say, etc. 1665 BoyLe Occas. Ref. (1675) 342 
Men..elude what they cannot despise. 1696 WuHisToN 77%, 
Earth (1722) 27 The Holy Books ought not to be tormented 
or eluded. 1710 LutrreLt Brief. Red. (1857) VI. 625 All 
which the Paris letters of the 1st seem to elude. 1841 
D’Israet Amen. Lit, (1867) 415 He thus adroitly eludes an 
argument which, etc. ‘ 

3 To evade compliance with or fulfilment of 
(a law, order, demand, request, obligation, etc.). 

165r Hosses Govt. §& Soc. xviii. § 13. 360 He would. .elude 
that obedience which he hath contracted to yeeld. 1698 
Stoney Disc, Govt. iii. § 27 (1704) 344 He that dos by art 
obliquely elude, confesses he has not a right absolutely to 
refuse. 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 6 P13 The Pope uses all 
imaginable shifts to elude the Treaty. 1769 Rosertson 
Chas. V, III. x. 192 He wished .. to have eluded the obli- 
gation of his oath. 1837 THirtwatt Greece VIII. 381 A 
cavil was now devised to elude this title. 1878 Browninc 
La Saisias 69 How comes law to bear eluding? 

4. To slip away from, escape adroitly from (a 
person’s grasp or pursuit, /t. and fig.); to evade 
(curiosity, vigilance, etc.). ; 

5 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 158 Of these ..the vigilance I 
dread, and to elude, thus wrapt in mist .. glide obscure. 
r Gotpsmitu Vic, W. xxix. (1857) 210 Providence has 
thought fit to elude our curiosity. 1859 JePHson Brittany 
iv. 42 The glittering gem of the Arabian tale ever eludes 
the grasp. 1879 Harvan Lyesight iii. 35 The something 
.. that evolves thought and reason—like an ignis fatuus, 
eludes the grasp of science. ‘ 

Hence, Zo elude a person: to escape his 
embrace, grasp, pursuit. 

1791 Cowper //iad x. 411 Lest he elude us, and escape to 
Troy. 1813 H. & J. Smita Horace in Lond. 156 The jilt 
[wit] in spite Eludes the man of letters. 1843 CaRtyLe Past 

Pr, (1858) 297 He eludes thee like tdi ex 1879 FRouDE 

‘wsar xvii. 286 Ambiorix..had as yet eluded him. 

5. Of things: Zo elude enquiry, notice, observa- 
tion, etc. : to remain undiscovered or unexplained. 

179 BoswEtt Fohnson (1816) II. 358 zote, This celebrated 
Epitaph. .has eluded a very diligent enquiry. 1860 TyNDALL 
Glac. 11. § 3. 243 The total absorption being so small as to 
elude even Melloni’s delicate tests. x ‘ait & STEWART 
Unseen Univ. vi. §177. 181 So infinitesimally small as to 
elude our observation. 


Hence Elu‘ded £//. a., Elu'ding vd/. i 


ELUDENT. 


1737 Jounson in Boswell (1816) I. 87 A feeble government, 
eluded laws. 1872 Geo. Evior Middiem 4 phan 


éliid-ére: see prec.] That eludes (the gaze). 


1848 Croucn Bothie 11. 21 Unseen by turns, now here, 
now in ether eludent. 
Elu‘der. [f. Exupe+-zr.] One who eludes. 


1642 Rocers Naaman 529 Eluders and shifters with Gods 


Com: s. 

Eludible (/'7-dib’l), a. [f. Exupe +-(1)BLe.] 
That may be eluded, evaded, or set at nought. _ 

1724 SwirT pits, tach Lett. Wks. 1755 V. ut. 132 If this 
blessed part of our law be eludible at pleasure... we shall have 
little reason to boast. 

Elumbated (‘lv mbeitéd), Af/. a. Now only 
humorous. [f. L. éumb-is (f. € out + lumb-us 
loin) +-aTE3+£D1.] Weakened in the loins. 

1731-1800 Barvey vol. II, E/umbated, made lame in his 
Loins. 1882 Confess. of Medwin xiii. 133 Our elumbated 
tailor came forward. : 

+Eluminate, v. Obs. rare—!. [as iff. L. *2/i- 
minat- ppl. stem of dimindre; see next.) = 
ILLUMINATE. 

1580 H. Girrorp Gilloflowers (1875) 77 Remember not my 
sinnes forepast, Eluminate my wayes. 

+ Elumine, v. Os. rare—'. fe med.L. 27- 
minare (implied in éi#mindatio enlightenment), f. 
2 out + amen, limin-is light.] = ILLUMINATE, 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 635/1 Thys lyghtsome 
elect of Tindall. .is elumined by Luther. 

+ Elu‘scate, v. Obs.—°. [f. L. e#uscat- ppl. 
stem of éuscd-re, f. 2 out +/usc-us blind of one 
eye.] Tomake blind of one eye. Hence Elusca:- 
tion, purblindness. 1623 in CockERAM. 

Elusion (fliz-zan). [as if ad. L. *é/aston-em, 
n. of action f. didé-re to ELUDE.] 

+1. The action of deluding or befooling a person ; 
concr. an illusion, deceptive appearance. Cf. 
ELUDE z. I. 

1550 CranMER Defence 22b, Than is the sensible sacra- 
ment nothyng else but an elusion of our senses. 1683 
Satmon Doron Med. u. 294 Strengthens the Brain, takes 
away Elusions and Phantasms of the Mind. 1695 Woop- 
warb Nat. Hist. Earth ww. (1723) 239 The Impostures and 
Elusions of those who have pretended to it [i.e. trans- 
mutation of metals]. ; 

2. The action of escaping dexterously from 
(danger, pursuit, etc.), of evading (an argument, 
a command, law, or obligation): cf. ELUDE 2, 3. 
rare in mod. use. Const. of. 

1624-47 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 272 The place is so 
choakingly convictive, that there can be no probable elusion 
of it. 1633 T. Apams Comm. 2 Peter i. 3 Yet shall there be 
no elusion of God's will. 168 H. More £-xf. Dan. Pref. 
94 Interposals of humane invention are. .wicked elusions of 
the power..of the Gospel. 1726 Amuerst Zerre Fil. App. 
278 The trouble of writing. .a book upon the. .elusion of one 
particular statute. 1874 T. Harpy Madding Crowd II. xvi. 
197 The planting of flowers on Fanny’s grave had been.. 
but a species of elusion of the primary grief. 

+b. absol. An evasion, subterfuge ; 
evasiveness. Obs. 

1617 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 498 I heare your answer..An 
elusion fit for children. 1628 — O/d Relig. (1686) 168 Cardinal 
Bellarmine’s elusion is not a little prejudicial to his own cause, 
1651 Jer. Taytox Serm. 1. xxiil. 296 Laws are not to be 
cosened and abused by..phantastick elusions. 1688 Vox 
Cleri Pro R.7 He hath writ with all the. . Elusion, to which 
the Capacity of his Wit could extend. 

Elusive (/l'siv), a. [f. L. éis- ppl. stem 
of 2lidére to Evune.] 

Const. of. 


abstr. 


1. That eludes or seeks to elude. 
ne d Pore Odyss. 11. 99 Elusive of the bridal day she gives 
Fond hopes to all. 1736 Gray Trans. Statius Then 
asped its [the ball’s) weight elusive of his hold. 1737 
Sivaoz Publ, Spirit 56 The grot, elusive of the noontide ray. 
+b. Of an argument: Evasive, of the nature of 


a subterfuge. Ods. 

1719 Watertann Vind. Christ’s Div, 121 An elusive, 

uivocating Answer to the Objection. 
2. a. That eludes the p or pursuit ; chiefly 
fig. %. That eludes distinct perception or precise 
definition ; evanescent. 

x Student I. i PO none ial = , 
and transitory. 1 ‘ALCONER Shipwr, 11. 731_They.. 
groaning, cling upon the elusive weed. Comana. 
HAM Brit, Paint. 11. 142 It us with images so 
vivid and yet elusive. 1863 Hawrnorne Old Home (1879) 
138 A faint, elusive smell. -~ M. Arnotp ss. Crit. tii. 
or 111 Guérin’s elusive, undulating, impalpable nature. 
1883 SK ste ee July 177/2 Striving..after the elusive 
spirit of the general landscape. 

Elusively (/l'#sivli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly ?.] 
Tn an elusive manner. 

1885 Cravock Prophet Gt. S. Mount. vi, A tawny streak 
elusively appearing upon a hilltop or skirting a rocky 
spur. 

Elusiveness ((li7'sivnés), [f. Eustvea, + 
i The any of being ELusive. 

BS asson Drumm. of Hawth. vi. 104 Shakespeare’s 
elusiveness of publicity. 1881 — De Quincey x. 124 His 
ps Quincey’s} elusiveness of all i 

increased. 1884 Pal/ Mail G. 14 
mann is..Protean in his elusiveness. 1 
Story vii, Her. .reserve and elusiveness, 


atherings 
ay, 5/1 Fon Hart- 
884 or Nat, Ser. 


98 


El (Mirseri), a. [ad. late L. eisorius, 
f. éliis- ppl. stem of éiidére to ELUDE.] 

1. Tendin g to elude (a , argument, law, 
etc.) ; of the nature of an evasion or subterfuge, 
are..elu- 
sory tergiversations, 1676 
They had delayed the E e..and at length 
with Conditions that I pee wholly elusory. 1758 Sir 
J. Datrympte Ess. Feudal Prop. 37 People. .took directly 
an elusory duty, as a rose, a pair of spurs, etc. 

Auison Hist. Europe III. xiv. § 63. 199 Security... whi 
proved in the end almost elusory. 
b. nonce-use. Characterized by aa. 

1825 Scort Talism. i, The Christian knight, desi to 
terminate this elusory warfare. .seized the mace. 

2. Of an object of thought: That eludes the 
mental grasp; that one cannot ‘ get hold of’. 

1856 Ferrier Just. Metaph. Introd. 68 This..is a most 
elusory..problem. 

Hence Elu‘soriness. rare— °. 

1731 in BaiLey; an Asx; and in mod. Dicts, 

+ Elute, v. Os. rare. [f. L. e#it- ppl. stem of 
élué-re to wash out.] trans. To wash out, cleanse. 

1731 Axsutunot A iments 116 The more oily any Spirit is, 
the more pernicious, because it is harder to be eluted by 
the Blood. 1782-90 in Bamey. 1847 in Craic. 

Elution (‘I'afon). Chem. [f. L. élition-em 
n. of action f. @/ué-re: see prec.] Washing from 
impurity ; in early Chemistry (see quot.). 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Elution is the 
peer agp of common Bole, Talcum, Crocus Martis, Terra 

emnia, etc., by pulverization, calcination, lotion, etc. 1870 
H. E. Goprrey in Eng. Mech. 28 Jan. 484/2 All these 
starches are prepared by elution. 

Elutriate (/liztrije't), v. [f L. eutriat- ppl. 
stem of éutrid-re to wash out.] trans. To decant ; 
to strain out ; to purify by straining; in Chem. to 
separate the lighter from the heavier particles of a 
pulverulent mixture by washing. 


ELYDORIC. 


pete ae] internal heat) of unknown thickness. 1879 
Ruttey S: y fermi 33 The quartz-porphyries or elvans. 
2. A broad vein or dike of this rock. _ 
a Mourcuison Siluria xvii. 417 Limestone pierced by 
vans, or e 
Hence B'lvanite. M/in.=Etvan. Elvanictic a., 
containing or characterized by elvanite. 
, 1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 1. 11. § 6. 136 Elvan or elyan- 
ite. -is 0 Cossich tors Se ular mixture of 
quartz orthoclase. 1883 tandard 28 July 1/6 Granu- 
lite is an elvanitic or granite. 
+E-lvat. Alsor elevat. [OE. e/efzxt, 
f. Exx, oil +fet vessel: see Vat.] An oil-vessel, 
an ampulla: see AMPULLA 2. 
anna <p ap aves big og elefet 
.4 . Legit 1» ampel! elefet. c 
Bib $03 Leckitus, an elevat. ¢ too bas Routicelns 
—* or an Elvat. ¢ 1450 Gok loteveatorinee, 
e Eluat. 


Ellve, obs. var. of Exr. 

+E-lven. Oés. Forms: 1 elfen, elfen, 3 
pl. alfene, alvene, elvene. [OE. #/fen, ¢lfen, 
repr. a WGer. type *aldinnja fem., f. *albi-2 Exr, 


_ Although the OE. word glosses plural sbs. in the Latin, 
it is gra icall 'y to regard it as a fem. sing.] 

Originally, a female elf, but in later use applied 
to both sexes. 


a 1100 Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker spe Orene muntzlfen. 
Dryades, wuduelfen. Moides, felde Hamadryades, 
wyldeelfen. Naiades, seelfen. Castalides,dunelfen. ¢ 1205 
Lay 21998 Alfene jaquoloeeiion dulfen. 1297 R. Giouc, 
130 Per bep in pe eir anhey. wy3tes..pat men eluene. 
c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3862 A brond pat was y-made in 
Eluene lond. 

Elver (e'lvoz). [var. of Extrare.] A young 
eel, esp. a young conger or sea-eel. Also affrib., 


| as in elver-cake, a cake made of elvers. 


1731 Baixey vol. 11, E/utriated, poured out of one vessel | 


into another. 1733 ArsutuHnot Azr The alteration..must 
produce some di 

through the lungs. 1775 in AsH. 1855 Garrop Mat. Med. 
(ed. 6) 76 Chalk reduce to a very fine powder and elutriated. 

Elutriation (/l'#triz-fon). [f. L. edutriat- ; 
see prec. and -aTI0N.] The action of elutriating. 

1661 Origen’s Opin. in Phanix (1721) 1. 44 Matter—which 
after all its. .Elutriations..in the Body, is not purged from 
the coarse Tincture it had from its Earthly Original. 1756 
C. Lucas Ess. Waters 111. 107, I repeted this elutriation or 
washing..till I found the water was no longer affected. 
1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1803) I. 231 Twenty grains 
..gave, a elutriation, five grains of sand. 1876 Harkey 
Mat. Med. 17 The simple process of elutriation. 

+ Elutro‘pia. Oés. [bad form of med.L. e/io- 
tropia, f, Gr. hAvotpémov : see HELIOTROPE.] 

a. A gem — to possess optical virtues 
and properties. b. A herb supposed to have been 
used in witchcraft. 

1567 MarLet Gr. Forest 7 — isa Gemme, in colour 
greene, or grassie, in part coloured and bespotted with Pur- 
plespeckes & bloud coloured vaines. .Alsoacertaine Hearbe 
which Enchaunters & Witches haue oftentimes vsed, and 
doe vse. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 40/1 The Elutropia.. 
will cause things a farr off to be presented to your Eyes. 

Eluvial (/l'#-vial), a. Geol. [f. Evovi-um + 
-AL.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, eluvium. 

1862 G. P. Scrore Volcanos 172 There is another not un- 
frequent cause of such ‘eluvial’ debacles, 188: Gerkie in 
Nature XXIII. 225 The superficial weathering of rocks, and 
the formation of ‘ eluvial ’ accumulations. 

|| Eluvies (fl#-vijiz). (L. euvies a washing 
away of impurities, f. 2/ue-re to wash off.] 

a. ‘Old term for the humour discharged in 
leucorrhoea ; an inordinate erred, 9 of any kind’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). b. ‘The effluvium from a swampy 
place’ (Hooper Med. Dict.). 

1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 316 This Medicament. . 
extirpates..the.. Eluvies of depraved Humours out of the 
whole Body. 

Eluvium (/ld-vitm). Geo/. [mod.Lat., f. @ 
out + /uére to wash, on the analogy of ALLUVIuM.] 
A term proposed for accumulations of débris 
either uced 7 situ by atmospheric agencies, 
or carried by wind-drift. 

1882 Geixie 7ext-bk. Geol. 1. u. i. § 1. 322 For atmo- 
spheric accumulations of this nature Traufschold has 
proposed the name eluvium. 

Eluxate (/Imkseit), v. [f. E- prefs + luxat- 
Ppl. stem of /uxd-re to put out of joint.) fans. 
‘To dislocate or put out of joint’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1731-1800 Baitey,H/uxated, w hed, strained, sprained 
put out of joint. 1775 in Asn. 

Hence Eluxastion. 

1847 CraiG, luxation: see Luxation. In mod. Dicts. 

van (e'lvin). Also 8 elvin. [In the West 
Cornwall Gloss. (E. D.S.) referred to Corn. e/ven 
spark, ‘the rock being so hard as to strike sa | 

. The name given in Cornwall to intrusive s 
of igneous origin, so hard as to resist the pick, as 
quartz-porphyry, whinstone, ete. Also aéfrib. 

1791 Bepvors in Phil. Trans. LXXXI. 65 Whether the 
basaltes proceeds southward by such interruptions till it join 
the Elvin or Whinstone. 1864 LyeLt in Reader 17 Sept. 3. 
One wall consisting of elvan or porphyritic granite. 

T. Turner Slate Quarries 22 Elvan (or slate whose cleavage 


‘ 


erence in elutriating the blood asit passes | 


¢ .Smyru Hundred Berkeley (1885) 319 Elvers, 
ate ieee te = py 
ing Life (1858) 134 At Bristol .. taste .. elvers. 1748 De 
For, etc. Tour Gi. Brit. 11. 306 [Little eels] they make 
..into small Cakes..These Elver-cakes they dispose of at 
Bath and Bristol. 1726 Dict. Rust., Elvers, a sort of 
Griggs, or small Eels. 1863 H. C. Pennett Angler-nat. 394 
The Eelets, or Elvers, are at first very and transparent. 
Hence E:lverhood. xonce-wd. 

1886 Fishing 18 Sept. 414 Eels of the size it. .at the 
New Mills..must have passed all their lives since elver- 
hood above the mills. 

Elves, pl. of Exr. 

Elvet (elvét). [f. Eur+ ow 4 A tiny elf. 

1885 T. P. Barrerssy Ei/ Land 73‘ He is anelf’, che 
answered, ‘ Rear Mapping etl rh n Pr 

Elvish (e'lvif),¢. Also 4 alvisch, elvisch, 
-yssh, 6 -yshe. See also Exrisn. [f. ELF +-1sH.] 

1. Of or pertaining to elves; having the nature 
of an elf; supernatural, weird. 

c 1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Knt. 681 Wyth an aluisch mon. c 1386 
Cuaucer Chan. Yem. Prol. & T. 198 Whan we been there 
as we shul exercise Oure Eluysshe craft. =. Hatt 

E the rusted s of elvish 
knights. prac age 3 ..the 
vessel's side With elvish lustre lave. 1834 Beckrorp /taly 

1840 Lytron 


¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sir 7) 
his contenance. 1 


I wer a diuell I trow. 1549 Curke Hurt. Sedit. (1641) 14 
Where. . pratin; judged, isd and the elvishest is 
1 TUDLEY 


Houani Pio. 1. 2 Soeinend ae in water, cureth 

t i angry kibes. .vpon heels. ‘OPSELL 

Four-f. Beasts 321 The crown-scab [in oly A an elvish 

and painful di “ Cc ut, Froward, 

ie Elvish, froward. 1721-1800 in BalLey. 
Comb., as elvish-marked. 

rag Se. Rich. 1. iii, 228 Thou eluish mark’d, abortiue 
rooting Hogge. 

Pah To: pear gradually from sigh! 

1. intr. To disa sight. 

1813 Hoco Quant Wake 174 Qulan the sun and the 
Fe | haif elyit awaye. 1818 — Brownie of Bodsb. 11. 36 
It elyed away o'er the brow, an’ I saw nae mair o't. 

2. To drop off one by one, as a company does 


that disperses imperceptibly, (Jam.) 
+ Ely‘chnious, 2. Ods. rare". [f. Gr. bate 
mov lamp-wick, f. év in+Avxvos lamp.] Of 


nature of a wick. (Erroneously exp! by 
Blount.) 
1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ut. xiv. 140 Men practise to 
= Snasts or wy Beoes parts for out ~$ 
jumen jumosum, LOUNT co , 
ppd pengere Diy Sperm in Asn. 


elidde'rik), a. [ad. F. igue, 
badly f. Gr. éaov oil+5wp water.) ‘The dis- 
tinctive epithet of a mode of oy Jelena by 
Vincent, of Montpetit, in which oil and 
wee re ee ae Painting (The 
com fully described) 1847 § and in tod. Distgs 


eee 


ELYNE, 


+ Blyne, adv. Obs., var. of ALINE adv., q. v. 
c1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, VII Sleperis 417 Pai enteryt al 


pat mycht elyne. 
a Elynel. Her. Obs. rare—'. 
1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Biyb, Elynellis be calde in 


armys iiij quadrantis truncholis. 
, var. of ELENGE, Ods. 
Elyot, obs. form of HxLor. 
sian (/li:zian, zian), a. Forms : 6-7 elis-, 
elizian, 6- elysian. [f. ELysi-um + -an.] 

1. Of or pertaining to Elysium. 

1622 Massincer, etc. Virgin Mart. w. iii, The remem- 
brance Of the Elysian joys thou might’st have tasted. 1667 
Muxton P. LZ. m1. 358 The river of Bliss. . Rowls o’re Elisian 
Flours her amber stream. 1831 CarLyLe Sart. Res. (1858) 

2 Is that areal Elysian brightness? 1882 Ou1pa Maremma 
£ 149 Vast grasslands .. covered in spring with the elysian 
asphodel. 

b. Llysian fields = Evystum 1 and 2; also fig. 
1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. Nov. 179, I see thee blessed 
soule, I see, Walk in Elisian fieldes so free. 164x MatstTrr- 
Ton Sevm,. 23 Orchards of delight, surpassing the Elysian 
fields. 1716 Lapy M. W. Montacur Let¢¢. xl. I. 162 This 

lace .. perfectly answers the description of the Elysian 

elds, 1843 CARLYLE Past §& Pr. (1858) 102 The Elysian- 

Fields of Memory. 

2. fig. Of the nature of, or resembling, what is 
in Elysium ; beatific, glorious. 

1750 Jounson Ramdd. No. 36? 1 We. .suffer ourselves. .to 
be transported to elysian regions. 1813 Byron Br. Adydos 
1. vi, Too transcendent vision, When heart meets heart again 
in dreams Elysian. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. 
(1863) 277 Nothing can be imagined more. bright and ely- 
sian than these figures. 

B. as sb. = Evysium. Obs. rare. 

1586 Martowe 1st Pt. Tamdurl. v. ii, To get a passage to 
Elisian. /é¢d. Hell and Elisian swarme with Ghosts of men. 

Hence Ely’sianize v. ztr., to speak in terms of 
rapturous or extravagant approbation. 

1868 BusHNELL Serm. Living Subj. 413 They .. fall into 
a strain of elysianizing. 

Elysium (/li-zidm, -ziim). Forms: 7-8 elize- 
um, -ium, elyzium, 8 elisium, 6-elysium. [a .L. 
élysium, ad. Gr. "HAbvotov (mediov) the abode of the 
blessed. ] 

1. The stipposed state or abode of the blessed 
after death in Greek mythology. 

tong reg are Lett. xiii. 44 Two passages one leading 
into Elysium, the other into Tartarus. 1646 J. Hatt Hore 
Vac. 29 There is more in that Elizium of the Poets then a 
meere flowrish. 1 Rowe Amb, Step-Moth. ww. ii. 1845 
That Lethe and Elisium Which Priests and Poets tell. 1768- 
74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 321 The enjoyments of Ely- 
sium and punishments of Tartarus. 

2. transf. Any similarly-conceived abode or state 
of the departed. 

1603 H. Perowe in Farr's S. P. Yas. 7, 105 Shee’s hence, 
For sweet Eliza in Elizium lives. 1667 Mitton P. Z. m1. 
472 Thee who to enjoy Plato’s Elysium, leap’d into the Sea. 
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. = The departed spirit is ten 
days in its passage to their happy elysium. 1847 Lytton 
Lucretia (1853) 220The son of the East [placed]..his ely- 
sium by cooling streams. es 

3. fig. A place or state of ideal or perfect hap- 
piness. 

x599 Suaxs. Hen. V, w. i. 291 The wretched Slaue all 
Night sleepes in Elizium. 1640 ‘T. Carew Poems Wks. (1824) 
60 Flye with me to love’s Elizium. 1702 Rowe Tamer. 1. 
i. 1831 Injur’d Lovers find Elizium there. 1836 Hor. Smit 
Tin Trump. (1876) 179 Holidays .. the Elysium of our boy- 
hood, perhaps the only one of our life. 

+4. attrib. Obs. 

1616 Pasqguil § Kath. wu. 278 Why do’st thou forsake 
Elizeum pleasures. c¢1685 Roxb. Baill. (1886) VI. 223 To 
th’ Elizium Shades I post. ¢1740 Mrs. Penparves Axto- 
biog. I. 12, 1.. thought the poet’s description of the Ely- 
sium fields soe to the delights of those entertainments. 

Elyte, var. of Etirr, Ods. 

Elytral (elitral), a Zxtom. [f. Etyrr-on + 
-AL.] Of or pertaining to the elytra of a beetle. 

1880 Atheneum 18 Dec. 819/3 Mr. Pascoe exhibited a 
large series of Avescus histrio om Peru, to show the ex- 
treme variability of the elytral markings in this species. 

Elytriform (celi+triffm), a. [f. as next + 
-FoRM.] That has the form of elytra. 

1835 Kirsy Had. & Just. Ani, I. xx. 318 The Strepsip- 
tera have. .two elytriform subspiral organs. 

Sy tages (elitri-zéras), a. [f. elytri-, 
comb, f. Etyrrum + L. -ger- bearing + -ous.] 
That has or bears elytra. 

1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv. An. v. 234 The order ofarrange- 
ment of the elytrigerous..somites is very curious. 

in (e'litrin), [f. Exyrr-on+-1y.] ‘The 
form of chitin which composes the elytra of in- 
sects’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Elytroid (elitroid) a. [ad. Gr. édurpoedys, f. 
x . 
édutpov sheath + efos form.] Resembling an ely- 
tron or sheath, sheath-like. 

1864 in WessTeR ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Elytron (e'litrgn). 7’. elytra; also 8 elitra. 
[a. Gr. €Aurpov a sheath.] A sheath or covering. 

+1. (See quot.) Ods.—°. 

1753 Cuambers Cycl. Supp., Elytron .. Hippocrates has 
ener the word to signify the membranes, which in- 
volve the spinal marrow. 1882 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

2. The outer hard wing-case of a coleopterous 
insect, pl. elytra. Also Comdé., as elytra-like adj. 


99 
1774 GotpsmitH Nat. Hist. (1862) II. 1v. vi. 548 The 
elytron, or case for the wings [of the beetle]. 1777 HenLy 
in Phil. Trans. LXVII. 123 Elitra ofthe stag-beetle. 1802 
Binciey Anim. Biog. (1813) II]. 151 The larve of the Ear- 
wigs..have neither wings nor elytra. 1852 Dana Crust. u. 
1370 The two elytra-like prolongations of the shell. 1871 


Darwin Desc, Man I. x. 343 The females of some water 
beetles have their elytra deeply grooved. 


3. ‘A term applied to the shield-like plates or 
notopodial appendages on the back of some poly- 
cheetous annelids’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

tb T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. 274 In Aphrodite 
aculeata the tale of the real uses of the elytra or scales is 

lainly told. 1878 Bett tr. Gegenbauer’s Comp. Anat. 134 
The elytra are special appendages of the parapodia. 

4. ‘A term for the vagina’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Hence in various surgical terms, as + Elytro- 
cele, vaginal hernia. Elytropla‘sty, the opera- 
tion of closing a vesico-vaginal fistulous opening 
by borrowing a flap from the labia or nates: 
hence Elytropla‘stic a. Elytro‘rrhaphy, the 
operation of closing the orifice of the vagina by 
suture in order to support the uterus when pro- 
lapsed ; the suturing of a ruptured vagina. 

1872 F. THomas Dzs. Women 195 Elytroplasty is still em- 
ployed sometimes where great destruction of tissue has 
taken place at the base of the bladder. /d¢d. 169 The opera- 
tion of elytrorrhaphy. 

Elytrous (e'litras), a. [f. ELyrr-on + -ous.] 
That resembles or has the nature of elytra. 

1848 Jounston in Proc. Berw, Nat. Club, Il. vt. 302 The 
back .. partially covered with an elytrous. .ovate skin. 

E:lytrum. [mod.L.ad.Gr. édvrpov.] = Evyrron. 

1816 Kirsy & Sp. Extomol. (1820) II. xxiii. 347 In Blatta 
the left elytrum laps over the right. 

Elzevir (e'lzivo1). Also 8 elzever, 9 elziver. 

1. The name (properly Z/zevzer, latinized //ze- 
virius) of a family of printers at Amsterdam, The 
Hague, Leyden, and Utrecht (1592-1680), famous 
chiefly for their editions of the classics, many of 
which are still valued by collectors. Used aétrid. 
or as adj., e.g. in Elzevir edition, an edition pub- 
lished by one of the Elzeviers ; formerly applied 
also to editions printed in the small neat form 
and with the kind of type adopted by them, Also 
absol. a book printed by one of the Elzeviers. 

17.. Pore Let. Wks. VI. 19, I gave the boy a small bagg, 
containing three shirts and an elzevir Virgil. 1713 STEELE 
Englishm. No. 52. 335 The Poem I speak of.. is just now 
published in a little Elzevir Edition. 1842 Mrs. Gore 
Fascin.126 Placing his spectacles in one of his pockets, and 
.. one of his precious Elzevirs in the other. 1860 J, Ken- 
NEDY Swadlow B. vi. 66 Some famous Elzivirs were picked up. 

2. Elzevir letter, type. a. The style of type 
used by the Elzeviers in their small editions of the 
classics. 

1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4637/3 A neat Edition on an Elzever 
Letter. 

b. Now used as the name of a special form of 
printing types—ELZEVIR TYPE. 

Elzevirian (elzivierian), a. [f. prec. +-1AN.] 

1. Of or pertaining to the Elzeviers ; (of books) 
published by or in the style of the Elzeviers. 

1802 Dispin /xtrod. Classics 11 The Elzevirian Press. 

2. quasi-sb. One who collects or fancies the 
editions of the Elzeviers. 

1862 Burton Bk. Hunter 18 He was not a black-letter 
man..oran Elziverian. 

Em (em). The name of the letter M. In 
Printing, the square, formerly of the type m, used 
in typography as the unit for measuring and esti- 
mating the amount of printed matter in a line, 
page, etc. The em of pies is the standard. 

1864 Daily Tel. 3 Oct. [The printers’ union] advanced its 
demands from forty-five cents to sixty cents per thousand 
‘ems’, 1888 Encycl. Brit. s.v. Typography, The width of 
.-pages..is expressed according to the number of ‘ems’, 
that is of a pica ‘m’—the square of the depth of pica..A 
page of 24 ems wide is equal to one of 4 inches. 

*Em (am), from. Originally the unstressed 
form of Hem, dat. and accus. 3rd pers. pl. The 
emphatic form of the pronoun was early super- 
seded by THEM, but the unstressed form continued 
to be used, being regarded as an abbreviation of 
them. In literature it is now obs, or arch., but 
is still common in familiar speech. 

In north midland dialects ’ew may have arisen from them 
cf. South Yorkshire ’a¢ for that. In strictly northern dia- 
lects it - ge ad nah 8 pe , 

1380 Sir Ferumd. | ¥ na ascapedem non. 1599 
Suaxs. Hen. V, 1. iit. 124 These joints..As I will leave 
’em them. 1672 R. Witp Poet. Licent. 35 Some men 
there be that carry all before ’em. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 
2 New-cast your poems, purge ’em of their 1750 W. 
Petuam Let. in Lady Chatterton Mem. Adm. Gambier 
(1861) I. iii. 36 You know my thoughts, I will trouble you 
therefore no more about’em. 1832 Tennyson Death Old 
Year, He gave me a friend, and a true true-love. And the 
New- Year will take’em away. 1868 Furnivaut 7¢ Pref. 
to Six-Text Cant. Tales 41 uote, We can’t blame’em, as 
we all used to do the same. 

Em, obs. form of Am: see Br z. 

Em, var. of Emr, Ods., uncle. 

Em.-, refx, the form assumed by the prefix 


En- (q.v-) before 6, 4, and (frequently) #. For 


EM.-. 


the reasons stated under En-, nearly all the Eng. 
words with this prefix, whether of Romanic or 
Eng. formation, have (or formerly had) alternative 
forms with Im-. In this Dictionary the em- and the 
im- form, except where usage has introduced a 
distinction of sense between the two, will be 
treated as belonging to one and the same word, 
the article being placed under E or I in accordance 
with the principles explained under En-. 

The various functions of the prefix, and its use 
as an Eng. formative, are explained under En-. 
Of the many compounds formed by prefixing em- 
to English words, those which have any special 
importance or require special remark, are inserted 
in their alphabetical place; the following are 
examples of those which are nonce-words or of 
rare occurrence. 

1. Transitive vbs. (often found only in vbl. sb., 
pa. pple., or ppl. adj.). 

a. f. em-+sb., ‘to put (something) into or upon 
what is denoted by the sb.’ ; also ‘to put what is 
denoted by the sb. into’ (something). 

Embag, to put intoa bag; tembalance, to put 
in the balance (with) ; + embare, to make bare; 
+ embarrel, to pack in barrels ; + embill, to put 
food into (a bird’s) bill; embirch (cf. emdarh), 
to put on board a birch-bark canoe (in quot. zt 
for vefl.) ; + embottle, to put intoa bottle; +em- 
brail, to put (a sail) into a brail, to brail; + em- 
breech, to put (a gun) upon a breech or stock ; 
embronze, to represent in bronze; + embusk, to 
put on a busk, raise by means of a busk; + em- 
buskin, to encase (the leg) ina buskin ; + empall, 
to cover with a pall or cloak ; empanoply, to array 
in complete armour ; empaper, to put down on 
paper; emparchment, to put or write on parch- 
ment; +empill [after emfozson], to dose as with 
a pill. 

1812 W. Tennant Auster F. i, Mad t’ *embag their limbs. 
1643 T. Goopwin Aggrav. Sin 4 The least dram of which, 
the whole world *emballanced with, would be found too light. 
1615 A. Niccuotes Marriage & Wiv. vii. in Hart. Misc. 
(1744) Il. 152 *Embared Breasts. 1599 NasHE Lent. Stuffe 
in Harl. Misc. V1. 179 Our *embarreld white-herrings.. 
last in long voyages. 1598 Florio, /#deccare, to *embill 
or feede birds. /#zbeccata, an embilling, a billing or feed- 
ing. 1864 LoweLL Fireside Trav. 153 We were *embirch- 
ing..for our moose-chase. @ 1693 Urquuart Radelais 1. 
lii. 422 I had *embottled them. 1708 J. Puitips Cyder u. 
352 Firmest Fruit, Embottled long. 1762 FaALconer Shipwr. 
11. 303 He who strives the tempest to disarm, Will never first 
*embrail the lee yardarm. 1598 FLorio, /#zbracare, to*em- 
breech, or put any artillerie vpon a stocke. 1743 FRANCIS 
Horace’s Satires u. iii. That you. .in the Capitol *embronz’d 
may stand. 1593 NasHe Christ’s 7. (1613) 145 Their breasts 
they *“embuske vp on hie. 1596 Fitz-Grerrray Sir F. Drake 
(1881) 26 Statelie shanks *embuskind by the Muses. 1599 
Nasue Lent. Stuffe 22 The red herring. .*empals our sage 
Senatours..in princely scarlet. 1581 J. Bett Haddon's 
Answ. Osor. 360 The empalled and Mytred Byshoppes. 
1784 W. SPENCER in Poems (1811) 60 *Empanoply’d in arms. 
1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 472 _Empanoplied and plumed 
We entered in. 1861 READE Cloister §& H. III. 233 I will 
*empaper it before your eyes. 1 Car.yLe Heroes (1858) 
284, I take your Bull, as an *emparchmented Lie, and burn it. 
1605 SyLvESTER Du Bartas 428 In the sugar (even) of 
sacred writ He may *empill us with som banefull bit. 

b. f. em-+sb. or adj., with general sense ‘to 
bring into a certain condition or state’; also (cf. 
3) ‘to furnish with something’, 

Embeggar; +embloody; +embrawn, to 
make brawny, harden; +embulk, to make bulky, 
to extend; +embullion (cf. BULLION sd.3) to be- 
stud; + empeevish, to make peevish; + empre- 
late, to make a prelate of. 

1806 Soutuey in C. Southey Zi III. 54 They have so.. 
vulgarised, impoverished and *embeggared the language. 
16.. T. Apams Wks. 1861-2 II. 146 Oh the unmatchable 
cruelty that some men’s hog (if I may so call it) hath 
*embloodied them to! 1399 Nasue Lent. Stufe 38 It will 
*embrawne and iron crust his flesh. 1775 Harris Phz/os. 
A rrangem. (1841) 273 note This (that is, the first matter) 
being *embulked with three extensions. 1523 SKELTON 
Garl. Laurel Wks. 487 *Embullyoned with sapphires. a 1687 
H. More in Ward Lif (1710) 207 Pain .. doth ordinarily 
*empeevish the Spirit of the Afflicted. 1603 FLtorio Mon- 
taigne 11. x. (1632) 571 Who *emprelate themselves even to 
the heart and entrailes, ; oe 

2. Verbs f. em-+verb, with additional sense of 
in, or simply with more or less intensive force. 

+Embias ; +embribe; +embruise; +em- 
bubble ; + emplight ; + empromise. 

1682 Mrs. Benn Roundheads u. i, A.. mind *embyass’d 
in affairs of blood. 16x Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x, 1x. 27 
Five thousand Markes, with which the Queene Dowager of ~ 
France had (as he said) *embribed him. c1570 77eas. 
Amadis de Gaule (Bynneman) 79 My *embrused brest. 
1652 Bentowes Theophila v. xc. Like diamonds thaw’d to 
Air, *embubble forth in streams. c1860 S. BamForp in 
Harland Lance. Lyrics 14 She *emplighteth her vow. ¢ 1540 
tr. Polyd. Vergil’s Eng. Hist.(Camd.) I. 140 The dowghter 
of Offa .. was" promised him to esp 3 

8. Participial adjs. f. em- + sb.+-ed, with the 
sense ‘ furnished with’ : 

Embastioned, embeadled, empimpled. 

18-2 


EMACERATE. 


citadel i859 E. a wary ine Sc. 49 Each tower-*embastion'd 
Sleeeds aa de pace aig +p Street, 


with its Wadia colonnade, | 183s Mag. XLV. 
354 [A toper bh *empimpled proboscis. 
(For words Scvaie with em- not found in 


their alphabetical place, or included in this article, 
see Im-.) 

+ Ema‘cerate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. émacerat- 
ppl. stem of émacerare, f. Z- intensive + macer-adre 
to make lean.] ‘rams. =EMACIATE. 

1610 [seenext]. 1676 ees age ar or Emaciate, 
to make thin, lean, or poor in flesh. 1669 Lond. Gaz. No. 
eaves The soe is weak, and much emacerated by his 
a distemper. 1-6 Baitey vol, II. 1818 in Topp. 

‘Ema: cera’ , Ppl.a. Obs. [f. prec. + -ED.] 
Relloyc se also trans. of soils, exhausted, im- 
poverished. 

1610 W. FoLkincuam Art of Survey 1. x. 26 All Emacer- 
ated Soyles are much amended with fatte Ashes. 1 
Collect. Voy. (Churchill) III. 598/1 The poor emacera 
Soldiers of the Garison. 

[f. as prec. + 


a Ema‘cerating, ppl. a. Obs. 
1681 Moores Baffied 5 After some emacerating d has 


100 


rem f obs. var. IMAGERY. 
+ Emailed, #//.c. Ods. In 5 emaylled. 
[?f. F. émazlié enamelled, embossed ;_ but cf. OF. 
emmailletire network.] ? Embossed (with a raised 


ttern) ; hippy, giving work. 
= Wardr. Ace. Edw, I ae: 146 5 or 


made of blue clothe of gold upon satyn grounde emaylled. 
Emanant (emanant), y Ppl. a. arch. [ad. L. 
émanant-em, pr. pple. of émanare: see next.] 


That emanates or issues from a source. 
— T. Avams Devil’s irs Hh yn eminent snes, 
ue emanant pomens. ALE Contempl. 1. 25 
of God. 1833 


Pana Mag. vil 573 A igh dawning emanant over 
the horizon. 1839 Battey Festus (1848) 20/1 Like emanant 
dew on earth. 


Emanate (e'mancit), v. [f. L. émanat- ppl. 
stem of émanare f. é- out + mandare to flow.] 

1. intr. Of immaterial things, qualities, laws, 
principles, courses of action: To flow forth, issue, 
originate from a nm or thing as a source. 

1788 Burke SP. . Hastings Wks. XIII. 50 A new do- 


-ING 2.] = EMACIATING. 
reduced it, 1709 Brit. ilo II. Extra No. 6. zr Ema- 
“ae Tiga will ene them leaner. 

+ Ema:cera‘tion. O/s.-° 
-ATION.] 


[f. as prec.: see 


a@.=EMACIATION. b.=MACERATION (of drugs). 
1656 Biount Glossogr., Emaceration, a Pulling down or 
making lean. a HILLIPS, Emaceration, a soaking or 
wasting. 1715 in Kersey. 1721-1800in Baitey. 1818 Topp, 
Emaceration, leanness or falling away in flesh. 

+ Ema‘ciant, ¢. Obs. [ad. L. emaciant-em, pr. 
pple. of émactare see next.) That emaciates. 


1651 tr. Bacon's Life § Death 64 Diet Emaciant, and Re- | 


newing. ie 
Emaciate (‘mé'fi,2t),p/. a. [ad.L. émaciatus, 
pa. pple. of émactare to EMAcIATE.] = EMACIATED. 
1675 Evetyn Terra (1729 Some are so emaciate and 
a 1774 T. Warton C 8 ford Ale 91 Emaciate steeds. 
SoutHey Yoan high ie 11. 313 Pale, hollow-eyed, ema- 
clate, sleepless wretch. 1818 MILMAN Sastor14 Ah generous 
King ! That sets the emaciate wolf to dog the flock. 1818 
Topp, Emaciate, sunk ; wasted; deprived of flesh. 
Emaciate (?mar Sirett), v. [f. L. emactat- ppl. 
stem of émacidre + é out + mact-es leanness.] 
1. trans. 
flesh. b. transf. To impoverish (soil). 


650 H. Brooke Conserv. Health 177 Dries and emaciates | 


1 
the Body. 1746 Hervey Medi?t. (1818) 159 Consumption 
may emaciate the dimpled cheeks. 1818 Mrs, SHELLEY 
Frankenst. iv. (1865) 23 His body was dreadfully emaciated 
by fatigue and sufferin; 1862 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 575, 
I was so emaciated by i iness. 

+2. intr. To become lean, dwindle. Ods. rare. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. xiii. 366 That he ema- 
ciated and pined away. 

Ema‘ciated, #2/. a. [f. prec. + -ED!.] Made 
lean, atrophied. Bie Ke 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 87 The whole Body was bloudless, 
thin and emaciated. 7. Cuesetven Anat. 1. i. (1726) 6 
The emaciated bone weighed thirty grains less than half the 
weight of the other. Howarp Prisons Eng. (1780) 5 
Many who went in healthy, are in a few months Pie to 
emaciated dejected objects. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
III. 403 The emaciate — was laid..next to the corpse 
of Monmouth. 1880 Max Miter i I. 363 The prose of 


our traditional and emaciated s 
Ema‘cia , vol. sb. Te eaiciene: +-ING1,] 
Making lean ; i. enfeebling. 


1717 L. Hower Desiderius (ed. 3) 125 Without these all 
other Food tends to the emaciating and imparing our 
spiritual Strength. 

Ema‘ciating, #//. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG2.] 
That emaciates. 

a 1626 Bacon (J.) Men, after — ciating diets, wax 
plump, fat, and almost new. LouNT Glossogr. nae 
ciating diseases, Consumptions or such like. 

Wittiams Vermont 331 Emaciating pains and oa 

Emaciation (/mé@:fijzi-fon).  [ad. L. émacia- 
tidn-em, f{. émaciare to EmactatE.] The action 
of at the Ff, pitomes or state of being 
emaciated ; abnormal leanness. Also /ig. 

1662 Graunr Observ, Bills Mortality 24 Searchers. .cannot 
tell whether this emaciation or leanness were froma a 
= from an Hectick Fever, 1793 T. Benpors Cadcn/. 

Fag heim produce emaciation. 1834 J. Forbes laeous 

. Chest (ed. Fa 329 A girl .. died .. without any ema- 

ciation. 1872 SPURGEON Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixix. 10 The 
emaciation which these exercises wrought. 

Emacity (‘me'siti). rave. [f. L. emdcitas, f. 
emac-em fond of buying, f. emére to buy.] Fond- 
ness for buying. 

1656 in Blount Glossogr. 1692 in Cotes. 1806 BLacpon 
& Prevost Flowers of it, 347 The disease of emacity, or 
itch for buying bargains. 

+Ema‘culate, v. Ods. [f. L. Zmaculat- ppl. 
_ of émaculére to clear from blots, f. macula 

blot. 
. trans. To free from spots or blemishes, emend. 


1633 Cockeram, Emaculate, to make cleane, to take out 


spots. 1656 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) Lipsius .. and 
others have taken t pains with him se cmecelating the 
text. 1721-1800 in Barey: and in 


. To efface (a spot). 


a. To make lean, waste, deprive of | 


| curiosity all emanating from a single stem. 


| Geod. (1875) I. u. xxx. 146 Fissures . 


from a learned and enlightened part of 
the world. 18423 Lams lia Ser. u. xxiii. (1865) 
destruction..emanating from himself. 1868 Mit 


ngland 
Trel., The feudal idea, which views all rights as 


ing 


His © 


EMANCIPATE. 
Ganem Disfons in emanations through 
aie open F + Fee ere ix. ( 106 Over 
him,. emanation shone. Bain § Int. 


u. uh § 169) 24s White emanations occurring onthe 


3. trans. and fig. Applied to immaterial things, 
virtues, qualities, 


moral and spiritual powers, 
me = emitted by a source. 
God” to, and into ie Coca are a aesiiohes “a oe 


Mind. T Ess. 3 
eo Las Tew ‘EMPLE fez tt 24 
the Wo ‘aps Jews 7 Tax. no rom this all 


(1867) 


b. A necessary Consequence or result. 
1710 SteeLe Tatler No. 74 P 11 The Emanation or Con- 
sequence of good and evil Actions. Oe ee 

A direct emanation from the first principle of 
4. A person or thing produced oy one emanation 
from the Divine Essence. 
of Got.” s6eb Sunt 12 She is the emanation of the power 
of 1658 Sir I. Browne Gard. Cyrus 196 The whole 
h, or divine emanations. 1777 Priesttey Mat?, 


777, 
& perry (1782) I. vi. 71 Christ was..considered.. a 
ivine essence. 1826 Goon Be Wat, 


rom a "head landlord. 

2. In physical sense : To flow forth, issue, pro- 
ceed, from a material source ; chiefly of intangible 
things, as light, gases, effluvia, etc. Also, to 
issue, originate, as a branch from the stem. 

1818 Byron Ch. Harold 1. xxxviii, A glory round his 
furrow’d brow, Which emanated then. 1830 LyeLt Princ. 
. from which mephitic 
vapours emanated. 1854 J. Hoce Microsc. 1. i. (1867) 270 
These organs .. emanate .. from a reddish coloured point. 
1 W. CoLteman Woodlands (1866) 61 This vast vegetable 
1865 TyLor 
Early Hist. Man. ix. 229 The sparks emanating from the 
flint and steel. 

“| 3. Of persons: To issue, proceed from a place, 
an educational institution, etc. rare. 

1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. xiii. (1880) 230 A centre of 
polite learning, from which emanated some of the most 
distinguished men in Ireland. 

4. trans. To emit, send out. /it. and fig. rare. 

1797 Monthly Rev. XXII 584 A magnetism which a 
more sublime genius is often unable to emanate. 1823 
Cuatmers Sern. I. 195 He did not emanate the gift. 1832 
— Pol. Econ. ii. 49 They emanate nothing but their own 
peculiar articles. 

Emanated (e‘mine'téd), Af/.a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
Produced by emanation. 

1874 Bracke Se//-Cult. 5 The essential unity of our 
divinely emanated human souls. 

Emanation (emanéi-fan). [ad. L. 2mdanation- 
em, {. émanare: see EMANATE v.] 

I. 1. The process of flowing forth, issuin = 
proceeding from anything as a source. /¢¢. an 
Often applied to the origination of created ia 
from God ; chiefly with reference to the theories 
that regard either the universe as a whole, or the 
spiritual part of it, as deriving its existence from 
the essence of God, and not from an act of creation 
out of nothing. Also, in Theology, used to denote 
the ‘ generation’ of the Son, and the ‘ procession’ 
of the Holy Ghost, as distinguished from the 
origination of merely created beings. 

1570 Dee Math. Pref. 19 It concerneth all Creatures. . by 
Emanation of beames perfourmed. 1647 H. More Poems 
279 Man’s soul ’s not ig 3 Creation.. Wherefore let ’t be by 
emanation. a 1652 J. Smitn Sed. Disc. iv. 92 Those elicit 
motions..which..have their first emanation from nothing 
else but the soul itself. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 223 
 basigd Christ ..by the right of emanation of all things from 

im..hath an absolute..dominion over all things as God. 
1699 Burnet 39 Art. ii. (1700) 43 Why the Emanation of 
the Son, and not that of the Holy Ghost likewise is called 
begetting. 1721-1800 Baitxy, Zmanation (with Divines) is 
used to express the oe of the Holy Ghost from the 
Father and the Son. 1880 Macm, Mag. No. 246. 497 Its 
pantheistic doctrine of emanation. 

. The action of emitting, evolving, producing. 
Cf. EManare v 

1742 Younc Nz, 
bent. .Call’d forth 
The sun was 
of heat..[a] globe of fire. 

+c. Logical development from premises; in- 


7. ul, 203 The Dread Sire, on emanation 
creation. 1822 Imison Sc. & Art I. 431 
idered, from its 


ference. Cf. 3 b. Obs. 
1628 T. — Legich 199 This truth is necessary by 
jon, an 
II. concr. That walk emanates ; an efflux. 


2. Something emitted or radiated by a material 
object ; esp. applied to impalpable things, as light, 
a magnetic or electric effluvium, an odour, etc. 

Phan 2 Str T. Browne Psend. Ep. 86 Amulets doe worke by 

porrhoias, or emanations from their bodies. Fact Norris 
Cor Refl. 24 Corporeal E ions from 
1763 Nat. Hist. in ys Reg. 70/2 Emanations of Vonrias, 
especially the Lava. 17) Soupsm. ae Hist. 1. 191 The 
powerful MACGILLIVRAY 
tr. Humboldt’s Trav. Sy 74, Gaseous eatntathieie occasion- 


z Lp. Hersert Ved re. 
649 and 


P ” P 


a “(1886) 60 By a seri 
late those faults, 


radian 
b. a “A beam, flash, ray of light. 


(2834) L 11 According to this h: 
f rg 


-O 
Hist. dnt. ii. 51 The first teacher. .was a direct 
from God 


Emanational (emanéi-fonal), @. [f. prec. 
-AL.] Pertaining to the theory of the origin pre ola 
ence by emanation as distinguished from creation. 

1843 Hor. § Q. Col. Rev, II. 346 Emanational ideas. 

Emanatism (emanatiz’m). [f. L. émanat- 
(see EMANATE v.)+-18M; cf. conservatism.] The 
philosophical doctrine of emanation, 

1864 Corxran tr. Pressense’s Reply Renan 21 Nor does 


ion e 
the Creator. 1875 Maine 


he tell us that his idea of the Word bore the impress of 
Emanatism. | 
E-manatist. rare. [f. as prec.+-1sT] A be- 


liever in EManation ; Zheol. (see quot.) 
1838 J. H. Newman Arians i. $5 The Emanatist, if he 
may so be called, denied that He [Christ] was a Person, or 
more than an extraordinary manifestation of Divine Power. 
Emanatistic (e:manati'stik), a. [fprec. + -10.] 
Relating or pertaining to EMANATISM. 
1852 Br. Forses Nicene Cr. 46 Or, dy another Ge 
into istic, id and 
Emanative (< palsies a. ag if ad. L. ‘szmae 
nativus ; see EMANATE and -IVE.] 
1. Tending to issue forth; of the nature of an 
emanation ; due to emanation. 
1661 tr. Origen's Opin. in Dhanie (<7e3) 1. 1980 Se 
Sree ror ee oe 
orE Para. 471 The 
eth. .by an gp od een l mes Ss. sn 
Zeit. (1844) IL tae oq pope to the 
or derivative Persons of the Son and the Holy Spirit. 
2. With transitive force: Tending to produce, 
emit, bring forth. 
1651 panty New Disp. 220 Emit their vertues 


Syst. Nol Bei -hath 8 Gon Il 
lowe Const sap cael betance. x829 I. TayLor 
—— ix. 233 True wisdom is an emanative principle, 
MiLman Chr 869) 1%. xiv, ii. . 5¢ A concenaaaa 4 
emanative power of imparting. t uences. 
“3. Relating to or pence Yi with the 
sophical or the theological theory of ae E 
1838-9 Hattam Hist. Lit. 1. 1. vii. § 21. 
mental theorem of the mane ie poopy. 8g 1838 J. ik 
Newman Arians i. § 5 
it may be called, or haceel eae 
atively (emanctivli), adv. [f. prec.+ 
-LY 2.] In an emanative manner, by process of — 
emanation, ‘e a q 
Cupwortn /ntel?. Syst. «Created Being, can — 
Corton ans Reanatively - aa NewS Substance. 
tory ‘emanito, :ri),@. [as ifad. L. *émd- — 
natorius, f. émanare to EMANATE.) @ Ofthe — 
nature of an emanation, derivative. b, Pertain- — 
ing or referable to the philosophical sae of — 
emanation. 
1659 H. More howe 
we may in some sense cal 


or Emanatory. ribe-g Scnsvr fell Role B Back I. 2162/1 
old emana’ 

te (imansip2), ppl.a, Now 
poet. [ad. L. émancipat-us, pa. pple. of 
bay see next.] = EMANCIPATED. 


poe i a knowled it self. Cowrer 7: 
Slaves. .themselves oes ferried Jane wave. .are 


from 
1 Lange Misamis ore 
- stem of émancipare o! ane See 
Ob bane el free 
a or wife) from patria a 
power of the pater familias, thus making “a 
Peven 50 it Eee oe 


1651 Hi 
they then Fs Fate = soe of the lire, ho In pn 


EMANCIPATED. 


Son was dead or emancipated. 1875 Maine Hist. /nst. vii. 
217 The Son discharged from Paternal Power is emancipated. 

Z. gen. & To set free from control; to release 
from legal, social, or political restraint. 

In mod, lang. the word suggests primarily the liberation of 
slaves, the other uses being often felt as transf from this. 

1625 Donne Servm. 27 To emancipate them from the Ty- 
rant. 1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat, (1852) II. 123 As an appren- 
tice is emancipated by running away. a 1832 caries Wks. 
1843 II. 502 Individuals who have been emancipated, or 
have emancipated themselves from governments. 1832 Hr. 
Martineau /re/. 117 The law has .. emancipated us from 
our civil disabilities. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. I, 651 That 
the convicts should be carried beyond sea as slaves, that 
they should not be emancipated for ten years. 1851 GLap- 
STONE Glean. V1. Ixviii. 44 Suppose the Colonial Churches 
emancipated. a@ 1876 J. H. Newman Hist, Sk. I. 1. ii. 84 
Workmen emancipating themselves from their employer. 

b. adsol. 

1775 Dx. Ricumonp Let. in Burke’s Corr. (1844) U1. 29 
If our [colonies] emancipate, it will .. be some good to 
humanity. 

ec. transf. and fig. To set free from intellectual 
or moral restraint. Also reff. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.25We become emancipated 
from testimoniall engagements. 1699 Evetyn Acetaria 152 
From many troublesome and slavish Impertinencies. .he had 
Emancipated and freed himself. 1710 BerkKeLEy Princ. Hum. 
Knowl. § 14 To emancipate our thoughts from particular 
objects. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 558 Those evil 
passions .. were on a sudden emancipated from control. 
1850 Kincstey A/¢. Locke iii. (1876) 41, 1 was emancipated 
from modern Puritanism. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 126 
Plato has not emancipated himself from the limitations of 
ancient politics. p F 

+3. To deliver into servitude or subjection ; to 
enslave; (because emancipation in Roman Law was 
effected by fictitious sale). Ods. 

1629 H. Burton Babel no Beth. 71 Emancipate .. is, to 
captiuate ones selfe to another, as well as to free. 1629 
CHoLMLEy Zid. 70 A wiues Emancipating herselfe to an- 
other husband. 1752 SMart Hof Garden i. 195 To dalliance 
vile and sloth Emancipated. 

Ema-ncipated, ppl. a. [f. prec. +-ED.] 

1. Set free, released: 

a. from the patria potestas. (Roman Law.) 

1726 Ay.irFe Parerg. 33 Emancipated children. 1870 
Lussock Orig. Civiliz. iv. (1875) 152 An emancipated son 
ceased to be one of the family. 

b. from a state of slavery or imprisonment. 

1776 Apam Situ W._N. I. 1. iii. 4o2 A parcel of eman- 
cipated slaves. 1837 J. Lanc New S. Wales II. 38 The 
writer was an emancipated convict. 1878 Browninc Poets 
Croisic xli, Erect, Triumphant, an emancipated slave. 

2. jig. Freed from prejudices, moral or customary 
restraints, conventional rules, etc. 

1887 Pall Mail G. 25 Oct. 4/2 These emancipated compo- 
Lorne .fail to sound as they did beneath Liszt’s own magic 
touch. 

Ema‘ncipating (‘me nsipeitin), Af/. a. [f. as 
prec.+-ING4.] Setting free, liberating. ig. 

1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 8 Strong in their hold of 
great emancipating principles. , 

Emancipation (‘me:nsipé'fon). [a. F. 
émancipation, f. L. émancipation-em, n. of action 
f. émancipare to EMANCIPATE.] 

1. Roman Law. The-action or process of setting 
children free from the patria potestas. 

1651 W. G. tr. Cowe/l’s /ust. 29 Paternall Jurisdiction is 
dissolved also by Emancipation. 1696 Puituirs, Ewanci- 
pation hath the same reference to Children, as manumission 
to Servants. 1880 MurrHEAp Gaius Dig. 486. 

2. a. The action or process of setting free or 
delivering from slavery; and hence, generally, 
from restraints imposed by superior physical force 
or legal obligation ; liberation. Often used with 
reference to the freeing of Roman Catholics from 
the civil disabilities imposed on them by English 
law. Catholic Emancipation Act; the popular 
designation of the Act 10 Geo. IV. c. 7 (1829), by 
which those disabilities were removed. 

1797 Burke Affairs Irel. Wks. (1812) IX. 454 The Opposi- 
tion .. connects the emancipation of the Catholicks with 
these schemes of reformation. 1835 Turrtwatt Greece I. 
viii. 312 Emancipation of Helots was not unfrequent. 1860 
Mot.ey Nether. (1868) I. i.6 A harvest of civil and religious 
emancipation. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm, 254 The royal 
monopoly .. was for the age an emancipation rather than 
a restriction of labour. ote 

b. tvansf. and fig. Setting free, delivering from 
intellectual, moral, or spiritual fetters. 

@1631t Donne Serv. 27 Redeeming Emancipation, a de- 
livering from the chaines of Satan. 1774 T. Warton Hist. 
Eng. Poetry (1840) 111. 403 A certain freedom and activity 
of mind .. followed the national emancipation from super- 
stition. 1841-4 Emerson Zss. Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 166 The 
use of symbols has a certain pes of emancipation and ex- 
hilaration for all men. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 607 
The day on which the emancipation of our literature was 
accomplished. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 105 The 
great spiritual emancipation of the sixteenth and seven- 
teenth centuries. 


Emancipationist (‘mensipéfonist).  [f. 
prec.+-Ist.] An advocate for the setting free of 
slaves, and the abolition of slavery. Also, an 
advocate of the emancipation of any class from 
legal disabilities or the like, (First applied to the 
advocates of ‘Catholic Emancipation’: see EMAN- 
CIPATION 2.) : 


101 


1822 Soutury in Life (1850) V. 112 The Emancipationists 
..and the Dissenters will not be pleased. 1828 Q. Rev. 
XXXVIII. 557 To this point the emancipationists have .. 
brought their vessel. 1859 Gen. P. THomeson Audi A Zt. II. 
xcviil. 87 Now is the time for the Emancipationists .. to be 
up and doing. 1882 IT. Moztey Remix. I. iv, The..son of 
the great emancipationist [Wilberforce]. 

Emancipatist (‘mecnsipeitist), [f. Exanci- 
PATE + -IST.] = EMANCIPIST. 

1852 Fraser's Mag. XLVI. 135 The convict obtained his 
ticket of leave..became an emancipatist..and found trans- 
portation no punishment. See 

Emancipative (‘mz‘nsipétiv), a. [f. L. éman- 
cipat- (see EMANCIPATE v.) +-IVE.] That has the 
property of emancipating. 

1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 195 In order to gaining 
emancipative knowledge, the practice of devotion likewise 
is prescribed, 

mancipator (/mz‘nsipeite1). Also 8 eman- 
cipater. [a. L. émancipator, f. émancipda-re to 
EMANCIPATE.] One who emancipates. /¢. and fig. 

1782 Sir W. Jones tr. Mahomedan Law Success, Wks. 
1799 III. 492 Those who inherit among males are .. The 
son, and the son’s son .. and the husband, and the emanci- 
pator nearly connected. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXI1V.5 Such 
1s our classification .. of the heads of the Catholic Emanci- 
tors. 1830 Macxintosn Ethical Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 38 
he emancipators of Reason. 1878 Sranrorp Syib. Christ 
ii. 45 They waited for Him as their Emancipator from the 
Roman yoke. E 

Emancipatory (‘me‘nsipata-ri), a. Also 7 
-orie. [f. EMANcIPATE v.+-oRY.] That has the 
function or the effect of emancipating. 

1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. (1834) 232 He [Crichtoun] did 
. .undergo that emancipatorie task. .to give a demonstration. 
1836 /raser’s Mag. XIII. 182 The emancipatory bill. of 
twenty-nine. 1887 Padd Mall G. 30 June 4/2 Describing 
the Crimes Bill asan emancipatory measure. 

Emancipatress (‘mz«nsipeitrés).  xonce-wwd. 
[f EmancipaTor + -Ess.] A female emancipator ; 
one who advocates the ‘ emancipation’ of her sex. 

1882 Standard 26 Dec. 3/t The masculine .. coiffure .. of 
a London emancipatress. ; 

Emancipist (/mensipist). Avstralian. [f. 
EMANCIP-ATE + -IST.] An ex-convict, who has 
served his term of punishment. Also a/¢rid. 

1834 Tait’s Mag. 1. 405 Emancipists, as the felons who have 
suffered out their terms of imprisonment are named. 1837 
J. Lance New S. Wales 1. 141 Crosley, the emancipist 
attorney. 1868 Ditke Greater Brit, 11. ut. xiii. 129 Ticket- 
of-leave men and ‘emancipists ’. 

Emandibulate (iméndibislét), ffl. a. 
Entom. [f. E- pref.3+L. mandibul-um + -aTE? : 
cf. MANDIBULATE.] Destitute of mandibles. 

1826 Kirsy & Sp. Extomol. xlvii, Mouth emandibulate. 

+ Ema‘ne, v. Ods. [ad. F. émane-r, (or) ad. L. 
émanére to flow out: see EMANATEV.] = EMANATE 
in its various senses. 

1. intr. To flow out, issue from a source or 
fountain head; Z¢. and jig.; esp. of the Second 
Person of the Trinity. 

1656 tr. White's Peripateticall Institutions 296 Nature 
actually emanes and flows out from Him, 1657 toineoe 
Renou’'s Disp, 282 Out of which scarification emanes a crass 
juice, 1720 WATERLAND Eight Sermz. Pref. 20 Wherein the 
Son is affirmed to have emaned, or been emitted by Neces- 
sity of Nature. 1795-8 T. Maurice Hindostan (1820) I. 1. 
i. 50 The Deity.. caused to emane from himself ‘an im- 
measurable torrent of water’. 1817 Bentuam Ch.-Eng?. 
(1818) 129 The several authorities from which .. acts..are 
spoken of as having emaned. 

2. trans. To give forth as an emanation. rare. 

1708 Morrevx Raédelais v. xx, Pythagoras, from whom 
the venerable Antiquity of my Progenitors .. was eman’d. 
1800 Moore Ode Anacreon xvii, Her eyes..Emaning fire.. 
e’en in anger sweet ! 

Hence Emarning, 7. a. 

1658 J. Rosinson Calm Vent 1. 118 All mens Souls are 
alwaies alike; though their emaning beams be either brighter 
or duller, 

Emang(e, obs. variant of AMone, EmMona. 

Emanue:nsis, erron. form of AMANUENSIS. 

1692 Cotes, Emanuensis (for Ama), one that writes for 
another, a secretary. 1709 Kennett tr. Evasm. Moriz 
Enc. (ed. 8) 129 (D.) Clerks, emanuenses, notaries. 1736 
in Baitey. | 

Emarcid (émavsid), a. [as if ad. L. *@mar- 
cidus, f. é- intensive + marcidus withered.] 

+1. Drooping, limp. Oéds. rare -}. 

166 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. Introd., The eares..in 
horses .. shew their spirits, being emarcid in those that are 


weary. ; i 

2. Bot. Withered, flaccid, wilted. 

In mod. Dicts. 

Emarginate (/ma-1dzinc), a. [ad. L. margin- 
Gtus, pa. pple. of émarginare: see next}. 

1. Notched at the margin: said of portions of 
animal or vegetable organisms. In Sot. chiefly 
of leaves or petals: Having a notch at the 
apex. 

1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. v. 52 The end .. is emar- 

inate or slightly notched. 1830 LinpLey Wat. Syst. Bot. 58 

tigma emarginate. 1835 Kirny Had. § Just. Anim. 1. 
viii. 244 The valves of the shells.. are emarginate, 1882 
Vines Sachs’ Bot. 510 The leaves are flat and broader..with 
a deeply emarginate apex. ‘ 

2. Crystallography. Having the edges of the 
primitive form cut off. 


EMASCULATION. 


Emarginate (‘maadgineit), v. [f. L. émargin- 
at- ppl. stem of émargind-re to remove the 
edge.] 

+ 1. trans. To remove the morbid matter from 
the edges of wounds, etc. Ods.—° 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Emarginate, to take away the 
scurf about the brims of wounds or soars. 

2. Crystallography. (See quot. 1817 under Emar- 
GINATED.) 

3. Optics. Of the effects of unequal refraction: 
To emphasize or double the contour lines of (an 
object embedded, e.g., in a jelly). 

188r Lankester in ¥rxl, Microsc. Sc. Jan. 127 ‘These 
groups. .arestrongly emarginated by the difference of refrac- 
tive index between their substance and that of the material 
in which they are deposited. 

Emarginated (‘maidzineitéd), pp/. a. [f. 
prec. +-ED.] = EMARGINATE a. 

73" Baitey, Emarginated (with Botanists), cut in and 
indented. 1770 Exuis in Phil. Trans. LX. 529 Anthere.. 
oblong, and emarginated. 1817 R. Jameson Char. Min. 
a A crystal is named emarginated, when every edge of 
the primitive form is intercepted bya plane. 1870 Ro-irs- 
TON Anim. Life 19 The neural arches. .are..emarginated. 

Emargination (/ma:dginéifan). [as if ad. 
L. *emargination-em, n. of action f. émarginare 
to EMARGINATE. ] 

1. The process of cleansing wounds or sores by 
removing the morbid matter on the edges. 

1676 in BuLLoKAR. 1678-96 in Puiturs. 172 in Batey. 
1882 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

2. Notching or indentation of the margin. 

1834 MeMurtrie, Cuvier’s Anim, Kingd. 251 They all 
have a widely opened. .shell, with neither operculum, emar- 
gination, nor syphon. 1870 Rotieston Anim. Life 21 The 
sternum has a_wide lateral emargination. 

Emasculate (‘me:skist), a. [ad. L. émas- 
culat-us, pa. pple. of émasculare: see next.] 
=EMASCULATED. a@. Castrated, deprived of virility. 
Tn lit. sense chiefly quasi-sd. 

Pig Homilet. Rev. Nov. 403 The kadeshim or emascu- 
ates. 

b. fig. Unmanly, deprived of vigour; weak, 
effeminate. 

1622 H. Sypennam Sev, Sol. Occ. (1637) 259 Of Spirits 
emasculate and sick. 1752 Smarv Hof Garden With love 
Emasculate, and wine. 1849 Rosertson Seri. Ser. 1. vi. 
go Too emasculate to trudge through cold andrain. 1867 
Contentp. Rev. VI. 169 German architecture is at once 
eclectic, scholarly, and emasculate. 

Emasculate (imz:skizleit), v. [f. L. amascu- 
lat-, ppl. stem of émasculd-re to castrate, f. @ out 
+ mascul-us, dim. of mas male.] 

1. trans. To deprive of virility, to castrate (a male 
person or animal). 

1623 Cockeram, Emasculate, to geld. 1662 GRraunt 
Observ. Bills Mortality 48 If you emasculate fewer [lambs]. 
1744 J. Bryant Mythol. Il. 104 Another invention .. was 
that of emasculating men, 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. 
Agric. II, 221 Young cocks should be emasculated at three 
months old. 5 

2. transf. and fig. To deprive of strength and 
vigour; to weaken, make effeminate and cowardly ; 
to enfeeble, impoverish (language). 

1607 Torsett Serpents 79 Drones. .lacking their sting, and 
by that defect being as it were ema[s]culated. 1652 Br. 
Patrick Serm.in ¥$.Smith’s Sel. Disc. 555 Do not..enervate 
your souls..do not emasculate them. 1675 Evetyn Terra 
(1729) 26 “Tis the want of Salt, which emasculates the 
Virtue of Seeds. 1775 T. SHerman Art Reading 88 The 
French have emasculated their tongue. 1848 Dre Quincey 
Protestantism Wks. VIII. 125 Is the lightning dimmed or 
emasculated? 1876 M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 296 A reli- 
gion without thought is emasculated. A 

b. esp. To take the force out of (literary com- 
positions) by removing what is supposed to be 
indecorous or offensive. 

1756-82 J. Warton Ess. Pope I. v. 274 Pieces that are not 
emasculated with this epidemical effeminacy. 1815 SourHrY 
Lett. (1856) II. 395 How Gifford mutilates and emasculates 
my reviews. 18g0 Kincstey Aét. Locke xviii. (1879) 200, I 
+ consented to emasculate my poems. 

+8. intr. (See quot.) Ods. rare—". : 

1646 Sir T. BrowNnE Pseud. Ep. 1. xvii. 147 Mutation of 
sexes ..[is] observable in man.. though very few .. have 
emasculated or turned women. 

Ema‘sculated, #7/. a. [f. prec. +-Ep.] 

1. Deprived of virility ; castrated. 

1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. Il. 309 The flesh of the 
emasculated animal is universally preferred, 1871 Darwin 
Desc. Man I. xviii. 289 The emasculated bull reverts to 
the colour of the female. z 

2. fig. Unmanly, effeminate. 

17ox Cottier M. Anton. (1726) 97 The Legions. . Vectilia- 
nus found perfectly emasculated. 1850 Maurice Mor. & 
Met. Philos, (ed. 2) 215 The impression of a wretched 
emasculated age. 1877 Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser. u. 19 That 
emasculated caste, who shewed their quality. . by flying. 

Ema’sculating, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -Inc 1] 
Jig. That deprives of vigour or manliness; weaken- 
ing, enfeebling. 

1741 Betrerton in Oldys Sag, ten a ii. 26 Opera..with 
its ting sounds. 1803 Worpsw. Sonn. Lib., Eng- 
land! the time is come, Wean Thy heart from its emascu- 
lating food. 1860 Smites Se//-Help, xi. 284 The habit of in- 
tellectual dissipation fail. .to produce ath ‘hl 
emasculating effect. 


Emasculation (ime:skiwlzi-fon). [as if ad. 


EMASCULATIVE. 


L. émasculation-em, noun of action f. émascula-re 
to EMASCULATE.] 

1. The action or process of depriving of virility ; 
the state of impotence, 

1623 Cockeram 11, A Gelding of a man, lati 


102 


1613 Suaks. Hen. VII/, u. iii. 47 For little England You'ld 
venture an emballing. ‘ 

+ Emba‘lm, * 5 Obs. rare. [f. next.] Spice 
for embalming. t 
1642 G. Hoos Bit of Embalming Dead Saints 8 


1721-1800 Batty, Emasculation, a Gelding, Unmanning, 
or making Effeminate. 1849 Grote Greece (1862) V. 1. Lxil. 
367 Tying down the patient while the process of emascula- 
tion was being consumi 

2. fig. The depriving of force, vigour, or man- 
liness; making weak or effeminate; prudish ex- 
purgation of a literary work. 

1654 Gayton Fest, Notes 22 The emasculations were 
some Scotch mans. 1815 Southey Left. (1856) II. 393 
As for his emasculations, they must be submitted to. 1865 
Pall Mall G. 12 Oct. 1 Centuries of emasculation an 
oppression under foreign and domestic tyranny. 
Exsworth in Roxb. Ball. (1886) VI. 198 This emascu- 
lation looks like the notorious Lady Wa law’s handiwork. 

Emasculative (/mz’ski//ltiv), a. [f- Emas- 
CULATE v.+-IVE.] That tends to emasculate. 

1876 World No. 112. 12 The emasculative tendency of the 


Papacy. : = 

Emasculator (émee'skizdleiter).  [a. L. émas- 
culator, agent-n. f. émasculare to EMASCULATE.] 
He who or that which emasculates. 

In mod. Dicts. ; 

Emasculatory (/mz'skisJlata:ri), a. [f. prec.; 
see -onY.] That tends to or has the effect of 
emasculating. 

1885 E. P. Goopwin Serm. in clit da Treas. Dec. 469 
Teachings emasculatory of the Gospe 5 ; 

+ Emastyce. O/s. rave—'. [?corruption of 
Hematite, bloodstone.] Some precious stone. 

c14.. Tundale’s Vis. 2109 Emastyce and charbokull. 

Emathites, ematite: obs. ff. HEMATITE. 

Ematte, obs. form of Emer. 

| Emawnché, a. Os. rare—'. Her. [a. Fr 
emmanché.| Ofa shield: Divided into portions, 
having the form of a long narrow triangle. 

1586 Ferns Blaz. Gentrie 199 He beareth Emaunche, of 
arg. and Gewles. 

maung, obs. form of AMonc. 

Emayle, var. of Esmay.xr Ods., enamel. 

+ Embabuinized, f//. a. nonce-wd. [f. F. 
embabouiner + -1ZE+-ED1,] Infatuated (with). 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne 1. xxxix. (1632) 126 Doting youth, 
embabuinized [Fr. esbabouiné] with this farie. 

Embace, -ing, var. ff. EmBask, -ING. Ods. 

+Embado'metry. Os. rare. [f. Gr. ép- 
Badév by land + -perpia: see -METRY. Cf. Gr. 
éuBadoperpixds.] Land-measurement. 

1570 Dee Math. wht 16 To be certified of the content 
of any plaine Superficies.. which measuring, is named 
Embadometrie. 

+ Embai'l, v. Oés. [f. En- + Bam sd.2 (? or 
sb.3).] trans. To enclose ina ring. Hence Em- 
bailing v/. sé. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. 276 A blacke inckie hood embay- 
ling her [the Moones] bright head. 1599 — Lent. Stuffe 
(1871) 22 The procerous stature of it, soembailing and gird- 
ling in this mount. 1623 Cockeram Eng. Dict. u, A Com- 
passing about, circuition. . Embayling. : 

+Embai'n, v. Ods. [ad. Fr. embaign-er 
(Godef.), f. ev- in + daigner to bathe. (See BAN z.)] 
trans. To bathe, steep. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. 13 b, | washed and embained thy 
filth. 1623 CocKERAM, Embayned, soaked. 

+ Embai't, v. Ods. ff. En- + Barr v.21] 

a. ?To attract byabait; also fig. b. To feed, 
glut (one’s malice). 

1567 Drant Horace’s Epist. 1. xiii. E iiij, Such geare, As will 

ite our Cesars eye. 1611 FLorio, Adescaménto, an em- 
baiting. Adescére, to embait. a 1620 T. Rosinson Mary 
Magd. 531 The Crocodile can sorrowe to y® sight, And vnder 
sighes embaite his venom’d spight. 

mbalance: see EM- prefix. 

Embale (embé*1), v. [f- En-+ Bae 56.3 Cf. 
F. emballer to pack up.] trans. To do up (goods) 
into bales or packages; also fig. 

1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. /nd. I. xxxiii. 17 Gun- 
nies. .in use in Persia for embaling Goods. 1739 in Hanway’s 
Trav. (1762) I. 1. viii. 39 There are conveniencies for .. the 
embaling a thousand cloths, 1827 CarLyLe Richter Misc. 
arn a Embaled in some fantastic wrappage. 

+ Emba'll, v1 Oés,  [a. F. emballe-r to pack 
up.) ¢vans. To pack up, do up into packages. 

1599 Haxvuyt Voy. 11.1. 227 The marchandize. .they em- 
ball it well with Oxe hides, 

Emball (emb91), v.2__ [f. En- + Batu sd.] 

1. trans. To encompass with a sphere. 

1580 Sidney § Lady Pembroke in Farr's S. P. Eliz. (1845) 
1. 84 Thou spheare, within whose bosom play The rest that 

emball. 1875 Brownine Avistoph. Afol. 129 As lark 
emballed by its own crystal song. 

2. (See EMBALLING wd/. sb.) 

|| Emba‘llage. 00s. rare. Also 8 embalage. 
[a. F. emballage.] a. That in which anything is 
packed. b. The action or process of packing up. 
hg ha! Bh. of Rates 62 Wra: , or other Em! 

1815 Sir W. Grant in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II, 522 At 
time of the general embadlage. 
. t Emba: , vol. sb. [f. EMBALL v.2 + -ING1.] 

(Prob. used in inde ps sense; axpeicantay eamenesaenes 
as ‘investing with the ball as the emblem of royalty ’.) 


© prop of Embalme it selfe, to- 
gether with its force or vertue. 

Embalm (emba'm), v. Forms: 4 enbaume, 
-bawme, 5 -bame, 6 en-, embaulme, -baum, 
-balme, 6- embalm. Also 6 inbau(l)me, 7 im- 
[ME. enbaume, a. F. embaume-r, f. en- 


136/3 The body enbamed wythin the tombe. 15) 

BARDE Peram), Kent (1826) 313 They had before his buriall 

embaulmed his body. 1611 B 

him and he was put in a coffin in Egypt. 1613 Suaxs. Hen, 
ife to my Grave : Em- 


Egypt they embalmed dead ies with it [tar]. 1875 
owetr Plato (ed. 2) 1. 457 The body when shrunk and em- 
med, as is the custom in Egypt. 

2. transf. To preserve (a corpse) from decay by 
other means, as by cold, etc. rare. 

1856 Kane Arct. E-xfi. 1. xix. 240 The frost has embalmed 
their remains. ae . 

3. fig. a. To preserve from oblivion ; chiefly in 
good sense, to keep in sweet and honoured remem- 
brance. 

1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Eth. xxi. 343 Being enbalmed as it 
were by eternity. 1722 Wot.aston Relig. Nat. v. 118 
Some second Homer, in whose sheets his [Alexander’s] 
name might be imbalmed for ages to come. 1791 BosweLL 
Fohnson (1816) 1. Introd. 1 That .. elegance of language 
in which he has embalmed so many. 1820 Hazvitt Lect. 
Dram. Lit. 23 The lines ought to embalm hismemory, 1850 
TEnnyson Jn Mem. Concl. iv, To embalm In dying songs 
a dead regret. 1864 Kirk Chas, Bold I. iii. 166 That 
universal dread of poison which had embalmed itself in one 
of the commonest ceremonies of the feudal household. 

b. nonce-use. 

18.. (H. or J.?2) Smitn Address toa Mummy in Belzoni's 
Exhibition (last verse), Oh! let us keep the soul, embalmed 
and pure in living virtue. ji 

- 4. +a. To salve or anoint with aromatic 
spices, oil, etc. (o/s.) b. To endue with balmy 
fragrance. 

1393 Lanai. P. Pl. C. xiv. 107 Pe bisshop bat blessed 30w 
and embaumede 3o0ure fyngeres. /dd. xx. 86 With be blod 
of that barn embaumed and baptized. 1447 BokeNnHAM 
Seyntys 79 For wyth heuynly deu she enbalmyd was. 1511 
Barcray Cyt. & Uplondyshm. 36 With fragrant savour in- 
baumeth all the house. 1563 Homilies u. Excess Appar. 
(1859) 315 In painting our faces..in embalming our bodies 
1667 Mitton P. Zu. 842 The buxom air, imbalm’d With 
odours. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. 6 Contempl. (1818) 139 They 
reserve their richest exhalations to embalm his morning and 
evening walks. 1877 Bryant May Even. vi, Among the open- 
ing buds thy breathings pass, And come embalmed away. 

On LO ps (e. g in poison). Ods. rare—'. 

1623 Favine Theat. Hon. u. v. 90 Let flie their darts and 
arrowes embalmed in venemous hearbs. 

Embalmed (emba'md), f//. a. [f. prec. + -ED!.] 
In senses of the verb; also, perfumed, fragrant. 

1526 Sketton Magny/. 1574 Her mouthe embawmed, de- 
lectable & mery. 1 The Travels of the late Charles 
Thompson 111. 286 Various small Instruments and Utensils 
denoting the Trade or Occupation of the embalmed person, 
when he was alive. 

+ Emba'lment. 0és. [f. Empat. v.1 + -MENT.] 
A package; an envelope, wrappage. 

1697 EveLyn Numism. v. 186 Cipher. .our Merchants use 
to mark their. .Embalments. 

Also 6-7 im-. [f. 


Embalmer (emba'ma:). 
EMBALM v. + -ER.] He who or that which embalms, 
1. One whose occupation it is to embalm dead 
bodies. 
I Gotpinc De Mornay viii. 
ies. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 771 Romans..were not so 
good Embalmers as the Egyptians. 1700 Bickerst. detected 
in Swift's Wks. (1755) 11. 1. 165 Undertakers, imbalmers, 
etc. 1744 The Travels of the late Charles Thompson IIL 
pt Neha mbalmers having done their part, the ly was 
delivered to the relations. 1775 Sueriwan Duenna 1, iii, 
As..embalmers serve mummies. 1861 Ad/ ¥. Round V. 
14 The embalmer’s work from all decay Had oo his 
royal person. 1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile xxil. 690 
A ling subur® inhabited by the em! 
2. fe. That which sweetly preserves from decay. 
1838 Emerson Ws, (Bohn) II. 192 The religious sentiment 
It is the embalmer of the world. 
Embalming (emba'min), v4/. sd. [f. Empat 
+-ING1,.] The action of the verb Empatu, Also 
attrib. 
| 1830 Calisto § Mel.in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 60 Their embalm- 
ing and their unshamefacedness, 1626 Bacon Sylva § 771 
¢ Embalming. .no doubt was of the best. 1647 H. More 
Poems Ded., The embalming of his name to pore 
3685 Jas. Cooke Marrow of Chirurgery (ed. 4) v1. iii. ii, 
mbalming having all beg in readiness, etc. 1744 
Travels late Chas. Thompson Il. 287 It seems nat 
before I leave this subject to say something of the Egyp- 
tian of embalming h bodies. 1867 TRoLLore 
Chron. Barset 1. xliii. 381 The embalming of her dear 


Imbalmers .. of deade 


is a mountain air. 


pevies pets Harper's Mag. Mat. 539/2 Oh, that embalm- 
balmment (embimmént). Also 7-9 
em-, ee (7embaulment). [f. EmBALM a. 
+-MENT. 

1. Impregnation of a corpse with aromatic spices, 
dng ye 
doctors foram See cd, Sta 0. Rev. XXI 376 \ 


The Abazas..have a way of procuring a natural em- 
balment for their beys. 1864 tous Fredk. Gt. IV. 2 
An odour of embalmment. nf 
2. A preparation used for embalming. 
a Saleen CNG of Sm wad pawdes. nes 
Embaulment. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. 1. 3 
«by pr Embal -contrived the 


av 
notablest wa’ integrall conservation. Blackw. 
Mag. XXXI1 The people. .have..torn ene 
ee aes | fm nl my, ag EE 
mw iz ‘Ss Mag. X. 40 art ear strong 
prs me aiid likean agit preserved the memory 
of De 


+ Embamma (embz'ma). J/ed. Obs. [a: Gr. 
éuBappa, f. éuBarrey to dip in.] An appetizing 
sauce in which articles of food were dipped (before 
administration to an invalid). 

1623 CockeraM, Embamma, any sort - medicament or 
sauce to create te. © in . 
raph ge in Asn. 1884 in sya. Soc, tenet = 

Emband, var. ImBanD obs., to form into a band. 

+Emba:ndown v. Obs. rare. Sc. [f. OF. 
phrase ex bandon synon. with a dandon (see BaNn- 
DON sé., ABANDON ¥.).] = ABANDON. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 244 All that he has enbandownyt 
[v. r. embandownyt] is Till hys lord. 

+ Emba‘ne, v. Ods. rare. In6enbane. [f. 
En-+Banz.] /¢rans. To poison. 

1587 Mirr. Magistr. 20b, Beauty is the bait enbaneth 
many a bower, A meate two sweete in taste, that sauced is 


two sower. 

Embank (embz'nk), v. Also 7 imbank, v. 
[f. En- + Bank 56.1; cf. Fr. embanguer.] 

1. trans. To enclose, shut in, confine, or protect 
by banks; esf. to confine the course of (a river) 
by a mound, dyke, or raised structure of stone or 
other material. 

1700 TyrrELL Hist. Eng. 11. 814 No River..shall be im- 
banked. 1770 Monthly Rev. 490 fEmbenk the north side of 
the Thames. 1 ‘orse Amer. Geog. I1. 526 A. .lofty.. 
mound. .em one side of the river. 1808 J. Bartow 
Columb. 1. 517 York leads his wave, imbank’d in flowery 
pride. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x\. (2696) 36 This hole 
was critically circular. .symmetrically em’ =| 

b. Zo embank out: to exclude (the sea) by 
embankments. 

1822 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1886) 11. 353 To embank 
out the sea at that place. 

+2. intr. Of a ship: To run aground. Ods. 
(Cf. F. embanquer in this sense.] 

1 Drumm. or Hawtn. /ist. 7¢. IV Wks. (1711) 64 
ble nglish ships. .embanked, and stuck moor’d upon the 
sheives. 

3. To cover with embankments; to cut into 
embankments. ai 

x . Ruskin Fors Clavig. 11. xix. operation of 
onution hill-sides, so as on any the rainfiow, is a work 
of enormous cost difficulty. 

Emba‘nked epee rs a. [f. Empank 
v.+-kD'.] Shut in or con by banks. 

1810 J. T. in Risdon's Surv. Devon Introd. 32 An em- 
banked navigation. 

Embanking (embe'nkin), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. 
+-1nG2,] The action or process of osing or 
protecting by banks. 

1662 Ducpace (title), History of Imbanking and Drayning 


of divers Fenns. 1856 Oumsrep Slave States 467 This em- 
banking has been goingon. 1864 H. Srencer Univ. 
Progr. 54 Cuttings, em i tunnellings. 

Embankment ! (embe"nkmént). [f. Empank 
v. + -MENT.] : 

1. The action or process of embanking. 

He rs Social iii. so For instance the em- 
ment of the Thames. 


2. A mound, bank, or other structure for con- 
fing a river, etc. within fixed — ‘ 

1786 Bu Art. W. Has: Wks, 1842 II, 159 To make 
+ -new and additional Poste chen in ait of the old ones. 
a1806 S. Horstey Serm. xxix. (1810) II. To him 
Babylon owed. .the embankments which the river. 

G. Downes Lett. 


cay eee inter Sure Devel Yate gaitoet 
810 J. T. 's Surve 33 
. Pract. . «I +e 
Barred bey. cmbanienents of eaith ., atthe north side. 
1862 Rep. E. Ind. Railw. Comp. 19 The embankments, 
Soe), Beaks 7 "Clan. Tk ss 19 See aeeolty 
.» RUSKIN Sors . . I 
ooe-teath of ths eam ou now to embankments 


inst imaginary enemies embankments for 
the help of people whom you may € make your real 


EMBANKMENT. 


+ Embankment 2. rare. [f. EM-+ Bank 50.3 
+-MENT.] A banking speculation; a bank ac- 
count. Also attrib. 

1813 SHetLey in Hi Life (1858) II. 198 The embank- 
ment affairs in which I thoughtlessly engaged. 18.. Jer- 
rrey Let, in Cockburn L7/e II. 365, I am sorry your em- 
bankment is no larger. /dzd. 429 And how does the embank- 
ment proceed ? 
~Embannered (embz:naid), 4/. a. Also 9 
imbannered. [f. *emdbanner (f, EN- + BANNER) 
+-ED!; cf. It. imbandierare.] Arrayed under 
banners. 

1827 Pottok Course _T. v. (1860) 141 Armies of the Saints, 
embannered. 1847 Craic, /mzbannered, furnished with 


banners. 

|| Embaphium (embefiim). Zed. Obs. [mod. 
L., ad. Gr. éuBaguor, f. guBarrew to dip in.] A 
small vessel in which food or medicine is put or 
measured, or in which it is dipped. 

1715 in Kersey. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Embar (emba‘1), v. Also (6 imber) 6-7 im- 
bar(re. [ad. F. embarrer, f. en- (see EN-) + barre 
bar; cf. Pr. and Sp. embarrar, It. tmbarrare.] 

1. trans. To enclose within bars; to enclose, 
imprison. Also fig. arch. 

1594 Nasue Unfort. Trav. 27 If there bee anie sparke of 
Adams Paradized perfection yet imberd vp in the breastes 
of mortall men. 1596 Spenser /. Q. 1. vii. 44 Fast embar’d 
in mighty brazen wall. 1600 Fairrax 7asso ut. lv, Three 
sides are sure imbard. /d7d. xu. i, Now in dark night was 
all the world embard. 1603 Florio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 
314 There is great reason why the spirit of man should be so 
strictly embarred. 1855 SINGLETON Virgil I. 42 The ground 
began. .the ocean to embar. 

. To oppose a barrier to; to arrest, stop; to 
interrupt. Also, to impede (commerce) by an 
embargo. arch. or Ods. 

1577 Howinsuep Chron. Il. 25/1 Not imbard from his 

sting pase, by reason the towne was not perclosed. 1583 

TANYHURST Aexezs 1, (Arb.) 30 Venus embarring his tale. . 
sweetlye replyed. 1603 Knottrs Hist. Turks (1621) 290 
He .. lay readie to embarre the Turks passage .. out of 
Asia. 1622 Bacon Hen. VI Wks. (1860) 398 The King .. 
embarred also all farther trade for the future. a 1662 
Heyuin Laud 1. 160 Embarred their trade. > 

+b. Law. ‘To put a stop or end to; to forbid 
by legislative enactment ; to bar (a claim, a title) 
= Barv. 5b. Obs. 

1542-3 Act 34 § 35 Hen. VIII, c. 20 (title) An act to em- 
barre feined recoueries of landes, wherin the kinges maiestie 
is in reuercion. 1599 Suaxs. Hex. V, 1. ii. 94 To imbarre 
their crooked Titles Vsurpt from you. 

+ 3. To exclude, prohibit, debar (a person) from 
an action. Rare const. 4o with zzf. Ods. 

¢ 1506 Plumpton Corr. 201 Ye be aboutward against all 
right to imbarr & exclud my Chapleyn. 1562 Afol. Priv. 
Masse (1850) 9 Embarring none to communicate with him. 
1565 JeweL Repl. Harding (1611) 11 To imbarre the people 
from reading and vnderstanding of the Scriptures. 1582 
N. 7. (Rhem.) Pref., The Church doth it .. not to embarre 
them from the true knowledge of Christ. 1583 STANYHURST 
Aeneis vy. (Arb.) 107 What reason embars theym, soom 
forreyn countrye to ferret? 1603 KNottes Hist. Turks 
(1621) 107 So embarring them from all government in the 
common wealth. 

+b. To refuse, deny (something) ¢o a person. 

1611 Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. (1632) 837 The French 
made choise of the Burgundian to protect them, which could 
not be embarred to them. 

+4. To lay (persons or property) under embargo. 

1647 May Hist. Parl.1.i. 9 The English, whose goods 
were thereupon imbarr’d, and confiscate. 1649 MILTON 


Eikon. 79 The imbarring of all our Merchants in that 
kingdom, 5 
+5. To break inwards the bars of (a helmet). Ods. 


1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xu. x, But Achylles brake hys 
targe & his helme he embarred. 

+ Embarcadere. Oés. [a. Fr. embarcadere, ad. 
Sp.: see next.] See quot. 

173t Baitey vol. II, Lmbarcadere, a term used in 
America, signifying a place which serves as a port to some 
considerable place farther within land. 

' Embarcade‘ro. rare. [Sp. f. embarcar to 
> eg A wharf, quay. 

18s0 B. Taytor Eldorado xxi. 219 The forest of masts 
along the embarcadero. 

Embarcation, var. of EMBARKATION. 

Embare: see Em- prefix. 

+ Emba'rge, sd. Ods. Also 7 imbarge, em-, 
imbargue ; corruptly -barque, -bark. [ad. Sp. 
embargo; see EMBARGO.] = EMBARGO. 

1574 HetLowes Gueuara’s Ep, 53, I cannot tel what im- 
barge or stay..you had. 1614 Raceicu Hist, W. II. v. iii. 

In the great Imbarge he tooke all our Ships and goods 
in his Ports, 1651 Relig. Wotton. 104 After an Embark 
ed. 1672 embarque, 1685 imbarque] of our ships in the river 
of Bourdeaux, 1656 Bramuatt Reflic. iii. 133 All Nations 
have their Imbargues, and prohibited goods. 

+Emba‘rge, v. Os. Also 7 imbarge, 
embargue, -barque. [f. prec. sb.] ‘vans. To lay 
an embargo upon (ships or goods) ; to sequestrate, 
confiscate ; to arrest (persons), Hence Emba:rg- 
ing vé/. sb. . 

1600 Haxtuyt Voy. III. 555 (R.) Our merchants with their 
goods were embarged or arrested. 1617 Moryson /fin. 1. 


U1. ii. 140 The twelue ships... were. .embarged (or arested) to 
serue the King. 


rt yet Duke's Acc. of Fleet in Rushw. 
Hist. Coll. (x659) 1. 187 Spain being the Enemy, our Mer- 


103 


chant goods would be imbarged. 1624 [Scott] Vox Cali 35 
The Duke .. embarg’d and confisk’d a world of Goods and 
Ships. 1657 Reeve God’s Plea for Niniveh 165 To em- 
= our own Nation, to build Blockhouses against our 
selves. 

Hence Emba‘rging, v/. sd. 

a@ 1618 RareiGu /nxvention of Shipping 37 The imbarging 
..of their Ships in Spaine. 

Embarge, var. of ImMBarGE, o/s, to go on 
board a barge. 

+Emba‘'rgement. Also 6 imbargment, 
7 embarquement. Oés. [f. EmBarcE v.1+ 
-MENT.] A placing under embargo. 

1sgr Horsey 7vav. (1857) 236 Had made a great imbarg- 
ment and stay of the English merchants. 1, Hak.uyt 
Voy. 11. Index ad fin., The king of Spaines Commission 
for the generall imbargment or arrest of the English, etc. 
1607 SHAKS. Cor. 1. x. 22 Embarquements all of fury. 

mbargo (emba‘1go), sd. Also 7 imbargo. See 
also EmBarce. [a. Sp. emdargo, n. of action f. enz- 
bargar to arrest, impede, repr. a late L. type 
*imbarricare, f. in- (see IN-) + barra Bar. (Florio 
has zméargo as Italian.)] 

1. A prohibitory order, forbidding the ships of 
a foreign power to enter or leave the ports of 
a country, or native ships to proceed thither, 
generally issued in anticipation of war. An em- 
bargo may also be laid on particular branches of 
commerce, for fiscal purposes. 

1602 Carew Cornwall 19 b Had not the Imbargo with 
Spaine..foreclosed this trade. 1758 J. Blake Plax Mar. 
Syst. 33 An embargo. .is ped expected. 1808 T’, JEFFERSON 
Writ. (1830) 1V. 111 The embargo appears to be approved. 
1860 Morey Nether. (1868) II. x. 71 The embargo was in- 
tended to injure the obedient Provinces and their Sovereign. 

2. A suspension of commerce, either general or 
of some particular branch, imposed by municipal 
law. Also in phrases: 70 de under, to lay (on), 
to take off an embargo. 

1658-9 in Burton Diary (1828) IV. 235 And lay an em- 
bargo of all..ships in the river of Thames. 1722 Dr For 
Plague (Rtldg. 1884) 276 Trade was. .under a general Em- 
bargo, 1803 WELLINGTON in Gurw. D/sf. I. 398 In order 
that they may take off the embargo. 1861 May Covwst. //ist. 
(1863) II. xvi. 522 An embargo on the export of provisions. 
1868 Rocers Pol. Econ, xxiii. (1876) 25 Unless it place an 
embargo on the exportation of capital. 

3. transf. and fig. A stoppage, prohibition, im- 
pediment. 

1692 E. Wacker tr. Epictetus’ Mor. (1737) xiii, Thou on 
thy Feet may’st an Embargo lay. 1691-8 Norris Pract. 
Disc. 1V.8 As if Religion had a kind of Imbargo laid upon 
it. 1824 Miss Ferrier /xzher. xxxvii, G. complied with this 
embargo. 1865 TRoLLoPE Belton Est. xiii. 143 An embargo 
on his prosperity. 

Embargo (embi1go), v. Also 7-8 imbargo. 
See also Emparce. [f. EmBarco sd.] 

1. To forbid (a vessel) to leave or enter a port ; 
to lay (vessels, trade) under an embargo. 

1788 Macens /usurances I1. 31 They may be arrested or 
embargoed. 1851 CartyLe Sterling 1. x. (1872) 64 Ship 
seized and embargoed in the King’s name. 1886 Saz. Rev. 
22 May 697/2 To have your ships embargoed. 

b. fig. To prohibit. 

1824 Byron Yuan xv. 310 When Rapp the Harmonists 
embargoed marriage. 

2. To seize, ‘requisition’ (ships or other means 
of transport, goods) for the service of the state. 

1755 Macens /xsurances I. 68 If a Ship be embargo’d for 
the Service of the Potentate in whose Port she is. 1810 
WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disf. VI. 529 They must embargo 
means of transport. 1879 DowpENn Sowthey iii. 48 Every 
carriage. . being embargoed for the royal service. 

To seize, impound, confiscate. 

1650 R. Stapytron Strada’s Low C. Warres vi. 34 Mer- 
chants. .weere clapt up prisoners, and their Goods. .imbar- 

oed. 1798 Sourney Lett. (1856) I. 50, I embargoed the 
likeness for you. 

+ Embark, s/. Ods. rave. In 7 embarque. 
[f. next vb.: cf. Sp. embarco.] =EMBARKATION. 

1654 L’EstrancE Chas. /, 136 Being after his embarque, 
twice driven back by tempest. 

Embark (emba‘1k),v. Forms: 6-8 embarque, 
(6 enbarque), 6-7 imbarke, 7-8 imbark, -que, 
6- embark. [ad. F. embarguer, a com. Romanic 
word = It. zmbarcare, Pr., Sp., Pg. embarcar :—late 
L. émbarcére, f. in- (see IN-) + barca BARK sb.2] 

I. trans. 1. a. To put on board ship, make to 
go on board. b. Of the ship: To receive on 
board. +¢. reff. = 3. 

1550 Nicotts Thucyd. 20 The Corinthians who. .had thair 
people embarqued. /éid. 52 b, One part of them embarqued 
themself, 1599 SHaxs, Hen. V, ut. Prol. 5 You haue seene 
The well-appointed King at Douer Peer, Embarke his Roy- 
altie, 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1638) 89 And therupon im- 
barking themselues with all things necessary. 162x If any 
master doe permit..any person..to imbarque. .any parcell. 
3705 Otway Orphan v, vii. 2103 The Vessel. .Where all the 

reasure of my Soul’s embarqu’d. 178: Ginzon Deci. & F. 
IL. xxxvi. 329 They always embarked a sufficient number of 
horses. 1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 235 Then embark- 
ing..his troops, Cortés crossed the river. 1885 Manch, 
Exam. 25 Mar. 4/7 The Osborne will. .embark the Prince. 

2. transf, and fig.; esp. To invest (money) in a 
commercial undertaking ; to involve (a person) in 
an enterprise. ‘+ Also ref. =3 b, 4. 

1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. x. vi. 147 Such would be 


ey 


EMBARMENT. 


imbarked in the Ship of fooles. 1642 Rocers Naaman 31 
The soule..imbarkes her selfe in this error, by the con- 
ceit of her wealth, health, youth. 1647 CLARENDON Hist, 
Reb, m1, (1702) I, 206 He. .embark’d himself in Publick em- 
ployments. «1674 — Life (1751) III. 956 Such an Alliance 
..as might embark them against France. 1742 MIDDLETON 
Cicero III. 1x. 2 Age .. rendered him wholly unfit..to em- 
bark himself in an affair so desperate. 1832 Ht. Martineau 
Hill & Vall. ii. 20 A few thousand pounds, which he em- 
barked. .in an ironwork. 

II. zntr. for refi. 

8. To go on board ship ; to take ship. 

a. Zit, Const. for (the destination). 

1580 Sipney Arcadia v. 448 Forthwith imbarqued for 
Byzantium. 1602 Warner Add, Eng. 1x. xlix. 227 Our 
Gallants did imbarke each-wheare. 1693 TemrpLe Mem. Wks. 
1731 1. 456 Prince and Princess embarqu’d for Holland. 1735 
Pope Donne's Sat. viii.27 The ark Where all the Race of Rep- 
tiles might embark. 1757 Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. 
X. 173 Czsar..accordingly embarked with the infantry. 
1816 SHELLEY Alastor 304 A restless impulse urged him to 
embark. 1856 Kane Act. Expl. 11. xxviil. 282 We. .joyously 
embarked again upon a free lead. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1635 QuarLes £7xb/, Introd. (1718) 3 Blest soul, that here 
embark’st : thousail’st apace. a 1667 CowLry Bk. at Oxford 
Wks. 1710 II. 548 The sacred Ark, Where all the World of 
Science doesimbark. 1745 De Foe’s Eng. Tradesm, (1841) I. 
vii. 55 The same Creditors will embark with you again. 

4. To engage 7 a business or undertaking, as 
in war, commerce, or the like. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. Ixiii. (1739) 128 [He] imbarqued 
together with the Laity against the growing power of the 
Clergy. 1787 Pirr in G. Rose Déaries (1860) 1. 67 Prussia 
being completely embarked. 1858 CartyLe /redk. Gt. (1865) 
I. ut. xviil. 249 Friedrich Wilhelm .. had been forced .. to 
embark in that big game. 1869 Rocers Adam Smith's 
WW. N.1. Pref. 23 Had he not suffered himself .. to embark 
in the. .most disastrous of.. wars. 

Embark, var. Imparx, Ods., to enclose in bark. 

+Emba‘rkage. Os. vare—'. Also 6 im- 
barkage. [f. EMBark v1 + -AGE.] = EMBARKATION. 

1577 Hettowrs Gueuara’s Chron. 54 Traiane was con- 
strained. .to hasten his imbarkage. 

Embarkation (embaskéi-fan). 
-eation, 8 imbarkation, -cation. 
cation, f. embarquer EMBARK v.1] 

1. The action or process of embarking. /i7. & fig. 

cx645 Howe tt Leét. (1655) I. 1. xviii. 26, I can find no 
commodity of imbarcation at Saint Malos. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. 1. 23 Very sollicitous for the Embarcation of the 
Army. 1790 Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem, 1. 172 ‘To hasten 
the cnbarkanon of thetroops. 1810 WELLINGTON in Gurw. 
Disp. V1. 6, 1 shall delay the embarkation. 1869 FREEMAN 
Nornt. Cong. (1876) IIL. xii. 222 The point of embarcation 
was close by the .. abode of Godwine. 

attrib, 1884 Pall Mall G. 16 Sept. 8/2 The embarkation 
list .. will include twenty-three officers. 

+ 2, concr. A body of troops embarked, gone or 
put on board ship. Oéds. 

1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5877/1 The Transports. .were taking 
on Board the third..Imbarkation. 1757 Burke Adridgm. 
Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 252 Another and much greater embark- 
ation followed. 

+3. A vessel, boat. Obs. [cf. F. embarcation, 
Sp. embarcacion. | 

1690 Lond. Gaz. No. 2525/1 They have .. taken divers .. 
small Embarkations. 170g /é7d. 4115/4 Sloops, and other 
Imbarcations. 1781 RENNELL in PA?l, Trans. LXXI, 106 
Embarkations..traverse the inundation. 1804 H. ‘T. Cotr- 
BROOKE //ush. of Bengal (1806) 10 The peasants repairing to 
the market ..on embarkations. 1807 SoutHEy Esfriedla's 
Lett. (1814) II. 179 A.. rotten and crazy embarkation. 

Embarked (emba‘ikt, foe¢. emba‘rkéd), Ap/. a. 
Also 7 embarqued, imbarked, imbarqued. [f. 
EMBARK v.!+-ED1.] That has gone or been put 
on board ship. 

1590 SuHaks. Mids. N. u. i. 127 Marking th’ embarked 
traders on the flood. r592 — Ven. § Ad. 818 Gazing upon 
a late-embarked friend. 

Embarking Griptape Bo vbl. sb. Also 6 im- 
barquing. [f. EmBark v.1+-1nG1.] The action 
of the verb EmBark. Also aétrib. 

1591 Percivatt Sf. Dict. Embarcadura, embarking. 1633 
Srarrorp Pac. Hib. (1821) viii. 324 The want of wind 
hinders them in the imbarquing Ports. 1768 BLacksTONE 
Comm. Ww. 154 The statute 8 Eliz. c. 3. makes the transport- 
ation of live sheep, or embarking them on board any ship, 
for the first offence forfeiture of goods. 

Embarking (embau1kin), f/. a. [f. as prec. 

+-1nG2.] That embarks. 

1856 Emerson Exg. Traits, Religion Wks. (Bohn) II. 100 
The noise of embarking emigrants. 

Emba‘rkment. Now rave. Also 6 em- 
barkement, 6-7 imbarkment, 7 embarque- 
ment. [f. EmBaRrK v.1 + -MENT.] = EMBARKATION I. 

1596 Life of Scanderbeg 407 His embarkement and depar- 


Also 6-9 
[a. F. embar- 


ture. 1898 Barrer Theor. Warres 1, ii. 12 Skilfull .. at 
imbarkments. 1614 SELDEN Titles Hon, 210 Speaking of 


Paris..in his embarquement for Helen. 1672 DaveNaNT 
Play-house to be Let (1673) “ee may find this place For 
our imbarkment free. 1750 Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 6 
Embarkments were made for the Holy Wars. 1813 SouTHEY 
Nelson 1. 159 The embarkment and removal of British 
property. 1886 7imes 6 Jan. 12/3. 

+ Emba‘rment. Ods. In 7 imb-. [f. Ewpar 
v.+-MENT.] The action of the verb EmBaR; an 
embargo, prohibition, hindrance. 

1606 WARNER Adbion’s Engl. xv. xcvii. 387 But many 
years twixt them and vs hath been Imbarment. 1620 tr. 
Boccaccio’s Dream 33 No imbarment remained but remem- 


EMBARN, 


brance ofthe Marquesse, 1623 Wutrnourn Disc. Newfound. 

41 We little feare.. the Imbarments of any Prince. 

Embarn, var, of Iparn, ods., to garner. 

Embarque, obs. var. EMBARK. 

Embarque, -ment, var. ff. EMBARGE, -MENT, 
obs. 

Emba: sb, Also 7-8 embarass, em- 
barrass. [a. F. embarras obstacle, embarrass- 
ment ; cf. It. imbarrazzo, Sp. embarazo, Pg. em- 
barago, related to F. embarrer, f. en- (see EN-) + 
barre BaR.] 

1. = EMBARRASSMENT, in various senses. Ods. 
exc. as Fr. (aibara); now chiefly in phrase em- 
barras de richesse ‘embarrassment of riches’, the 
state of having more wealth than one knows what 
to do with; usually fig. 

on | Pepys Diary (1879) III. 13 The greatest embarras 
that I have..how to behave myself to Sir H. Bennet. 1677 
Tempte Let. Sir ¥. Williamson Wks. 1731 U1. 434 How t 
an Embarass Count Kinski is like to bring — you there. 
1710 BerKELEY Princ. Hum, Knowl, § 25 Clear the First 

rinciples of Knowledge from the embarras and delusion of 
words. 1756 Foote Eng. /r. Paris u, Aid me to escape this 
embarras, 1778 AprHorre Preval. Chr. 220, I think it 
impossible to clear up Cicero’s embarras. 1864 Burton 
Scot Abr. IL. ii. 157 He received us .. with some emédarras. 
1866 Livincstone rnd. (1873) 1. Introd. 8 He has an em- 
barras de richesses. 

2. U.S. ? Pronounced (embee'ras). See quot. 

1867 SmytH Satlor’s Word-bk., Embarras, an American 
term for places where the navigation of rivers..is rendered 
difficult by the accumulation of driftwood. 

Embarrass (embe'ris), v. Also 7-8 em- 
barass, 8 imbarrass. [ad. F. emdarrasser, lit. ‘to 
block, obstruct’, f. emdbarras : see prec.] 

1. trans. To encumber, hamper, impede (move- 
ments, actions, persons moving or acting). 

1683 Tempce Mem. Wks. 1731 I. 376 The Character of 
Ambassador, which would delay or embarass me with 
Preparations of ap pa 173%4 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 
(1827) II. u. § 2. 2 Hannibal..ran to the assistance of his 
troops, who were thus embarrassed. 1803 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Dis. II. 53 note, The state of the rivers .. will em- 
barrass the enemy in a considerable degree. 1856 FroupE 
Hist. Eng. (1858) 11. ix. 402 A general council would..em- 
barrass their movements. ; ; 

b. pass. Of persons: To be ‘in difficulties’ 
from want of money; to be encumbered with 
debts. Cf. EMBARRASSED £//. a., EMBARRASSMENT. 


2. To perplex, throw into doubt or difficulty. 

1672 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal (1714) 41 The 
People being embarrast by their equal ties to both. 1673 
Dryven Marr. a la Modev. i, Pray do not Embarrass me. . 
Embarrass me ! what a delicious French word do you make 
me lose upon you too! 1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 
1st The king embarrassed with these difficulties.. calls a 
great council. 1773 Monsoppo Language (1774) 1. 1. ix. 123 
Could not conceive and argue .. without imbarrassing his 
thoughts. 1824 Travers Dis, Eye (ed. 3) 332 Such a cir- 
cumstance may embarrass an operator. 1855 Mitman Lat. 
Chr. (1864) 111. vi. iii. 418 Frederick .. embarrassed them 
with the choice among five prelates. 

3. To render difficult or intricate ; to complicate 
(a question, etc.). 

1736 ButLer Axad. 1. iv. Wks. 1874 I. 80 One irregularity 
after another embarrasses things to such a degree, that, etc. 
1771 Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. Pref. ii, They have effectually 
embarrassed that road which they laboured to shorten. 
1778 Br. Lowtn /saiah Notes (ed. 12) 206 The word. .seems 
to embarrass the sentence, 1818 Cruise Digest VI. 25, I 
do not apprehend that this case will be embarrassed by that 
decision. 1876 E. Mettor Priesth. iv. 154 This designation 
by their ordinary names. .must embarras every theory which 
involves a substantial change. 

Embarrassed (embe'rast), #//. a. [f. prec.] 

1. Of a road, a channel, etc. : Made difficult by 
obstructions; full of obstructions. Now only jig. 

1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. £. Ind. 1, xxiv, 295 Its 
{a river's] Passage inward is..embarassed with Rocks. 
pal Instr, eg. Cavalry (er) 183 If the ground is at 
all embarrassed, the line cannot incline. 1860 TYNDALL G/ac. 
1, § 26, 193 A less embarrassed field of operations. 

2. Of persons, their movements or actions: 
Hampered by difficulties, impeded, 

b. Involved in money difficulties. 

1888 Spectator 30 June 877/2 Sums of that kind are not 
spent by an embarrassed State without the gravest reason, etc. 

3. a. Perplexed (in eye b. Confused, 
constrained (in manner or behaviour). 

1683 D, A. Art Converse 107 Their utterance is embarass’d 
and uneasie. 176x Cuurcuitt Rosciad (R.) Awkward, em- 
barrass’d, stiff, without the skill Of moving gracefully. 1768 
Sterne Sent. ¥ourn. (1778) U1. 198 As much embarrassed 
as,.the lady could be herself. 1828 Scorr /, M. Perth 
xxiii, i ~ . Epc — a Eye the —— - 
victor. 1 AMERTON Jnted/, vil, ix, 270, I was the 
ee wpa unwilling witness, 

4. Of expressions, narratives, etc.; Involved, 
confused, 

1760 Jortin Evasm, I1, 623 That the periods are rather 
too long, and embarassed. L. Murray Eng. Gram. v7 
Embarrassed, obscure, and feeble sentences. 1868 J. H. 
Buunt Ref. Ch, Eng. 1. Fle ane have been set aside. 


to prevent the narrative becoming embarrassed. 
Embarrass (embee'rastli), adv. [f. prec, 
+-L¥2.] In page A case ana oP 


1883 Bret Harte in Z . Mag. Jul Sh hed 
a i. ongm. Mag. July 320 She coug! 


104 


Embarrassing (embzrisiy), f/. a. [f. EM- 
BARRASS + -ING 2, That embarrasses. - 

ton fund in practise ated and eras 
Prescott Peru (1850) ton an em 


XI. 357 An attack. amidst embarrassing woods and roc 
Ruhecrassingty (embeerasinli), adv. [f. 
prec. +-LY*.] Inane ing manner or degree. 


188: Daily News 5 Feb. 5/5 olph Churchill .. was 
embarrassingly cheered, 1882 J. HAwrHorne Fort. Fool. 


EMBASSADE. 
Life Dk. Buckhm. in Select. fr. Harl. Mise. 
ro *: cdc ayn the redo at 
my poor LARKE " 
Continual had imbased their we en aes 


L. Hunt /ndicator No 64 (1822) IT. 96 It is pure self-revolv- 
selfishness that ‘embases and embrutes’, 1844 [see 
Emsasinc a.) 

8. To lower (coin or commodities) in price or 
value. ¢vansf, and fg. To take away the value 
of, Sepwaciatn, i it, undervalue. 

1577 Ho.insHen Chron. III. 1192/1 The teston coined for 


xxvii, It was eee F and opp 

Embarrassment (embe'rasmént). [f. Em- 
BARRASS + -MENT; cf. obs. Fr. embarrassement.] 

1. The process of embarrassing (rare); em- 
barrassed state or condition : 

a. of (or with reference to) affairs, circum- 
stances, etc. ; often in pecuniary sense. 
_ 1676 Cores, Emb, t,a perplexing, intangling, hinder- 
ing. 1849 Cospen Speeches 62 Difficulty and embarrassment 
in ..the agricultural districts. ¢ 1850 A rad. Nts. (Rtldg.) 354 
‘The embarrassment of Noureddin’s affairs. 1853 Bricut Sf. 
India 3 June, A state of embarr and th d 
bankruptcy. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 56 Political em- 
barr and d ic want provoked attacks upon the 
dealers in corn. 1880 L. SrrrHEN Pofe vi. 139 He managed 
to run ta asplendid fortune and die in embarrassment. 
b. Perplexity, sense of difficulty or hesitation 

with regard to judgement or action; constrained 
feeling or manner arising from bashfulness or 
timidity. 

ney Eves Sp. Electors of Bristol, lf my real, unaffected 
embarrassment prevents me from expressing my gratitude to 
you as I ought. 1796 C. Marsuati Garden. vii. (1813) 99 Bad 
weather occasions hurry and embarrassment. 1828 
F. M. Perth vi, There was embarr on the maiden’s 


I 
pence, and in the reigne of kin Edward embased by 
proclamation to six pence. 1594 R- Ransens Confer. Success 

Wek we Pe ees that 
wi we esteme in so degree. EEVE God's 
ili or to embase noble- 
nesse, 1668 Cuitp Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 243 As the high 
= of rene Soe ee —. — Soutu Serm. ix. 
1843) II. 134 A temper of mind which certainly embase 
oS discommend all our services. 

4. To debase (coin) by a mixture of alloy; /i/. 
and fig. Said also of the alloy. 

155t [see Empasine vi. sb.) 1594 West Sj u. § 216 
Em , Shave, file, clippe, wast or empaire the currant coin. 
1627 Fevtuam Resolves 1. xviii. Wks. (1677) 32 It will imbase 
even the purest metal in man. Burnet Hist. Ref. (1865) 
I. 16 To raise money, not by em ng Se cee tt em- 
basing the Christian religion. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 
314 He embased thecurrent coin. 1752 [see Empasine v7. sé.) 

». transf, and fig. To take away the excellence 
of; to corrupt, impair, vitiate. 

1625 Bacon Ess. Love (Arb.) 449 Wanton love Corrupteth, 
and Imbaseth it. a1626 — Sylva § 575 The Vertue of the 
Seed..in a Tree. .is embased by the Ground, to which it is 
removed. Gurnatt Chr, in Arm. ix. (1669) 56/2 
Sever'd from that soil and dross which embassed it.  c 1660 
Soutn Serm. (1715) 1. 37 A Pleasure embased with no ap- 


part. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom v. 26 Noticing a certain 
embarrassment in her husband’s manner. 1863 Geo. ELiot 
Romola (1880) I, 1. viii. 124 Ready speech that prevents a 
blush from looking likeembarrassment. 1874 MorLey Com- 
promise (1886) 84 Any embarrassment in dealing with it. .is 
a weakness that hinders social progress. 

e. Confusion of thought or expression. 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 169 P 13 He seldom suspects 
his thoughts of embarrassment. 

2. Something which embarrasses; an impedi- 
ment, obstruction, encumbrance. In £/. often = 
‘ pecuniary difficulties’. 

1729 Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 33 Embarrassments. . 
hindering us from moing the nearest way to our own good, 
1751 Jounson Ramd/. No. 159 ? 6 Diffidence..compensates 
its embarrassments by more important advantages. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 11, 65 In the hope of extricating 
himself from his embarrassments. 1862 TRENCH Mirac. i. 103 
She was evidently distressed at the embarrassments of that 
humble household, 1876 M. Arnot Lit. & Dogma 157 To 
be felt by them as an embarrassment to the cause of Jesus. 

Embarrel : see Eu- prefix. 

+Emba‘rren, v. Oés. or arch. [f. En- + 
BaRrEN.] ¢vans, To make or render barren, un- 
fertile, unproductive. /i¢. and fig. 

pee be Resolves u. ix, The Ashes from.. Vesuvius 

embarren all the fields about it. dd. 1. xviii, Like salt 
marshes that lye low.. [the ] are..embarrened with a 
fretting care, 1662 Futter Worthies (1840) I. 546 The most 
generous and vigorous land will in time be embarrened. 
1807-8 W. Irvine Sadmag. (1824) 364 Like to Java's drear 
waste the embarren the heart. a 

+ Em:barrica‘do, v. Ods. [f. Sp. embarricado 
a barricade.] = BARRICADE v. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne i. vi. (1632) 505 In haste. .to em- 
barricado .. any lodgement or quarter. 1630 J. Taytor 
(Water P.) Ws. 11. 243/2 Coaches..serued as a wall to em- 
barricado and fortifie their campe. 

+ Emba , vol. sb, Obs. [f. EMBAR v. + 
-ING1,] The action of the verb Empar: a. the 
action of prohibiting, or withholding (from a 
person); b. the action of laying an embargo upon 
(a person), 

1563 Man tr. Muscudus’ Common-fi. 28 b, Some doe define 
lawe to be..the embarryng of that which is wrong. 

T. Starteton Ret. Untr. Fewell i. 9 The embarring of this 
_ sacrament from excommunicated persons. ILTON 
tho! 


dant Sting. 1720 Wetton Suffer. Son of God 1. ix. 22 
Those Vanitys.. Embase my Neton " " 

+Emba‘sed, #//. a. Olds. [f. prec. +-ED.] = 
ABASED, DEBASED, in various senses. 

r6oz Futsecke 1st Pt. Parall. 54 The debtor may pay 
the det in the coin embased. 1627 Speep England Aér. vi. 
§ 4 An earthen Pot hoarded with store of Roman Coines— 
stamped vpon imbased siluer. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. 
xxii. 63 This was a trick of imbased times. Mitton 
Ezkon., vi. (Bohn) 367 An imbased flexibleness to +. con- 
trary dictates of any factions. 

+Embasement. Os. [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 

1. A lowering in place, dignity, power, etc. ; 
degradation ; = ABASEMENT. (it, and fig. 

1575 Fenton Golden Epistles 95 This wonderfull em- 
basement of estate whiche the sonne of God tooke vppon 
him. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Rom. iii. 10 iy ae 
it a great imbasement for such to be in Gods debt. 1635 
Barnirre Milit. Discip. (1643) iii. 347 Suffering too muc 
imbasement, as being often undervalued. 1656 
Mixt. Schol. Div. 60 Earthly mindedness ..is a great de- 
pressure and embasement thereof. 1692 Sourn Sevm. VIII. 
iv. (R.) The pleasures of sin .. receive a further embase- 
ment..from the super-addition of a curse. 

2. A debasement of precious metal by mixture 
of base metal; = ABASEMENT 3. Also jig. 

1677 Hae Contempil. u. 65 The Soul of Man .. re- 
ceives a Tincture and an im| t by them. 1709 STaN- 
Hore Paraph, 1V. 65 Most of Us have.. Vices, for an Allay 
and Embasement to our.. Vertues. 

Embasiate, var. of EmBassiaTe, ods. 

+ Emba'sing, v/. si. Obs. [f. prec. + -1N@.1] 
The action of the verb EmBasg, in various senses. 

1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 4 » En- 
hauncynge and imbasyng of coyne. 1581 J. Bett Haddon's 
Answ. Osor. 46 Peruse you y* Psalmes..you finde in them 
. humilitie, knowledge, and embacyng of a mans selfe. 
1653 Mitton //iredings (Wks. 1851) 381 The frequent im- 
basing of his tome Usatlenaatll Sons with illiterate and 
narrow Principles. 1752 Carte.//ist, Eng. I11. 242 As to 
the embasing of the coin. 

Emba‘ (embét'sin), Ap/. a. arch. [f. as 
prec. +-1NG2.] In senses of the verb. 

1652 Bentowrs Theoph. u. xxi. 26 Your glorious Nature's 

embasing sin tlow. a —~ J. Goopwin Filled w. 
the Spirit (1867) 423 It is a matter of .. im! nature to 
the creature man, 1844 Lp. Houcuton Mem, Many Scenes 
130 And would ay spirit from earth’s embasing rule Were 

ven, 


in this 


wm. Wks. 1738 1. 389 The imbarring of all our h 
in that Kingdom, 

+ Embase (embé''s), v. Ods. or arch. Forms: 
6-7 embace (7-base), imbace, -base, 7—- embase. 
Ne En-+Fr. éas, Basz a. (OF. had embaissier :— 
ate L, type *¢mdassiare, of equivalent formation.] 

1. a. To lower (physically), b. To give a 
lower direction to. ; 

1605 Sytvester Du Bartas 1. iii. 1. When God .. 
Embast the Valleys and embost the Hills. 1895 Spenser 
Sonn, xii, And to the ground her eie-lids low embaseth. 


1644 Nye Gunnery (1670) 29 The Gunner ,. must .. imbase 
the mouth [of his oar . 


¢. fig. 

1564 Brecon Art. Chr. Relig. proved (1844) At the 
Lord's table let us not cabana to poh to the 
bread and cup that be there set forth. Sourn Serm. 
288 Embased the very standard of good and evil. 

2. To lower in rank, dignity, office, condition, 
or character; to humble, humiliate; often with 
the sense of de, , make base. Also refi. 

1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps, xxiii. 1 Di th not to 

ce himself..for our sake. 1587 — De Mornay xxiv. 
#5 To violate or imbace the thing that was helde to be so 
10) 


the English now embase The 


. 1612 Drayton Poly-old, ix. 137 With the tearme of 
ak nobler Britans name. 


Embassade (embis7''d). Obs, or arch. Also 
5 enbassed, enbassade, 7 Sc. embassaid. [See 
AmBassaDE, of which this is a less frequent var.] 

1. The mission or function of an ambassador; 
= AMBASSADE I. a ‘ ‘ 

. 3 Hi T, ww. iii When isgrac’ 
wane ha y Ruchcesndie wise Wossiom Pliny oy P. lunius, 
and T. ncanus .. were put to death, notwithstanding 
they came in embassade to her. 

2. A body of persons (or a single person) sent 
on a mission, or as a deputation, to or from a 
sovereign ; an ambassador and his suite; = AM- 

 Cascrou Cla il Geli ed ‘lag lh 
re same 
aan pipe saben in to ever 9g Fasyan tv. Ixvi. 
He sente to hym an enbassed. i iv, Ixxv. 53 An 

mbassade shuld be made vnto the Kynge of a 
tayne. asst in bv cwdhe or IL. 1, 11. ix. 320 Upon 

3. The message sent or delivered by an ambas- 
por? a Ps cxlii Rib They fered 

S Ps. ( 
to ‘ahewe thyae entassade, seat i Jeumeom Keng’. $ 
Commu, (1603) 57 In this counsell ., they consult of embas- 


EMBASSADOR. 


4. quasi-adv. On an embassy. rare. 

1 Te. Berners /yoiss. II. ccxix. [ccxv.] 677 Howe the 
fonke kyng..had sente a knyght of honour em| le to 
hy 


Spenser 1; Beautie 252 But when her 
Noni Boeseate forth she sends. 


Embassador (embz'saidaz). Variant form of 
AMBASSADOR; now ods, in England, though in 
frequent use during the early part of the present 
century. In the U.S. this form, which is recom- 
mended by the analogy of Empassy, is still pre- 
ferred. For examples see AMBASSADOR B. 

Embassadorial, var. of AMBASSADORIAL. 

1852 Blackw. Mag. LXXI. 557 He thought it becoming 
his embassadorial position. 

Embassadress, obs. var. of AMBASSADRESS. 

Embassadry, var. of AMBASsSADRY, Ods. 

Embassage (e’mbis¢dz). arch. Also imb-. 
{A variant (in mod. archaistic use more frequent) 
of AMBASSAGE, q.v. In ordinary language super- 
seded by Empassy.] 

1. The sending or despatch of ambassadors, or 
of an ambassador. 

1561 T. N[orton] Calvin's Inst. ut. ii. (1634) 272 That 
liberal paoaanige by which God reconcileth the world to 
himselfe. 18; EOWELL Ac. Brit. Ch. v. (1847) 48 The 
embassage to Rome may be accounted for. 1881 Contemp. 
Rev. Apr. 569 Thy torrent coursers flee With thunderous 
embassage to the great Sea. 

2. The business confided to, or message con- 
veyed by, an ambassador. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 179 These wordes were 
+.gyuen to hym as the embassage of god. 1580 SIDNEY 
Arcadia (1622) 440 Let it embassage beare your grieues to 
show. 1621 Quarces Esther (1717) 34 Nor did they question 
whether. .false the Prophet were, that brought th’ Embas- 

1821 Scott Kenzilw. xvii, I had settled to send thee 
thither upon a secret embassage. 

3. The position of an ambassador; ambassador- 
ship. 

Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 1 (1873) 11 Carneades the 
philosopher came in embassage to Rome. 1677 Govt. Venice 
279 To .. lessen any thing of the Honours of his Embass- 
age. 1863 P. S. Worstey Poems § Transi.6 So shall my 
vast renown of embassage Flash wide conviction. 

4. A body of persons sent on a mission, or as 
a deputation, to or from a sovereign, etc.; the 
ambassador, his retinue, and surroundings. 

1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. vu. 139 The Attick ship.. 
Which Cephalus, and his embassage, bore. 1663 MARVELL 
Corr. xliv. Wks. 1872-5 II. 92 note, To make me goe along 
with him Secretary to those Embassages. 1829 Scorr Anne 
o& G. viii, The members of the embassage. 

+ Embassato'rial, a. Ods. [f. med.L. emdas- 
sator AMBASSADOR +-IAL.] = AMBASSADORIAL. 

a1734 Nortu £xam., m1. vii. 4o Embassatorial Letters. 

+ Emba‘ssatrix, var. of AMBASSATRIX. Ods. 

A female ambassador, an ambassador’s wife. 


23734 Nortu L£xam. 479 Here was .. an Embassatrix 
resident. 

Embassed, -et, var. ff. EMBASSADE, -IATE. 

+ Emba‘ssiate. O/s. Also 5 inbasset, 6 
embasset, embasiate. [var. of AMBASSIATE, q.v.] 
= EMBASSY. 

a@ 1400 Cov. Myst. 112 In thyn hey inbasset, Lord, I xal 
go. 14.. Lypc. Thebes (E.E. T.S.) 1848 With hool them- 

of the enbassyat. ¢1470 Henry Wallace vi. 134 An 
inbasset to bryng ane uncouth queyne. 1513 More Rich. 
III Wks. 58/2 He sent ouer in embassiate, the Erle of 
warwike. did. 60 Embasiate. 1530 Patscr., Embasset, 
embassade. 

Embassy (e'mbisi). Also 6 /. imbases. 
[A variant (now almost the only current form) of 
AMBASSY, q.v.] 

1. The function or office of an ambassador; also, 
the sending of ambassadors. 

1579 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie § Soule t, xxiii. 43 To toyle 
in imbases. 1588 Suaxs. Z. LZ. L. 1. i. 35 Here comes in 
Embassie The French Kings daughter. "1669 TempLe Le?. 
Wks. 1731 II. 196 Lord Falconbridge, who is going on an 
Embassy. 1799 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disf. I. 16 Various 
embassies and military jprepenasicnls on the part of Tippoo 
Sultaun. 1848 W. H. Ke ty tr. Z. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. 
II. 564 They thought it. liberal in them to reserve for their 
former chief some embassy or other. 

+2. The message committed to or delivered by 
an ambassador. Oés. 

r Suaxs. Yohr 1. i. 6 Silence (good mother) heare the 
etesie. 1615 Heywoop Foure Prentises 1, i. (1874) I. 
218 Didst thou deliver our strict Embassie. a 

3. The body of persons sent on a mission, or as 
a deputation, to a sovereign, etc. ; the ambassador 
and his retinue, with their surroundings; also, 
the official residence of the ambassador. 

1671 Mitton P. 2. 1v. 67 Embassies from popices far re- 
mote. 1764 Gray Corr. w. Nicholls (1843) 59 A half promise 
of being declared secretary to the embassy. 1843 Prescott 
Mexico (1851) 1. 269 The embassy, consisting of two Aztec 
nobles, was accompanied by the governor. 1837 Lytton 
£. Maltrav.(1851) 49 It was a brilliant ball at the Palazzo of 
the Austrian em at Naples. Mod, The Englishman in- 
— at the Embassy. They were married at the English 


Embastardize, modernized spelling of Impas- 
TARDIZE, Ods. 

Embasti'lle, v. xonce-wd. [ad. F. embastiller, 
Vot. IIT. 


105 


f. en- in + bastille fort.] trans. To surround (a 
city) with forts, or as with forts. 

1848 Tait’s Mag. XV. 537 The embastilling Paris with 
camps, government by the sword. 

Embastioned: see Em- prefix. 

+Emba‘sure. Os. rare. Also imbasure. 
[f. Ease v. +-URE ] = EMBASEMENT. 

1656 Jeanes Fudn, Christ 145 This composition will be a 
ee imbasure unto the word. /éid. 165 We may be de- 

orted from embasure of our natures by sin. 


| Embat. [Turk. (a. Pers.) lL) exddd] A 


northerly wind, that blows in Egypt. 

1763 Mackenzie in Phil. Trans. LIV. 77 The plague at 
Cairo begins to cease. .when the. . Embats or Etesian winds 
begin to blow. 

+Emba-ter. Obs. rave-°. (See quot.) 

1736 Baitey, Emdbater, the hole or look-through to aim a 
cross-bow. 1775 in Asu. 

Embathe, imbathe (em-, imbzi-3), v. doce. 
Also 6 inbathe, 6-7 imbath. [f. En-, IN- + 
Batue: cf. OF. embaigner, It. imbagnare.] 

trans. To bathe, immerse, dip; to bedew, drench, 
suffuse. 

1593 Tell-Trothe’s N. Y. Gift 42 Whosoever inbathe 
themselves therein. 1596 Fitz-cerrray Sir #. Drake (1881) 
22 Imbath your. .lofty quill In. .amber-dropping Castalie. 
1606 Cuarman Cont, Marlowe's Hero & L. iii, (Her love] 
that with immortall wine Should be embath’d, and swim in 
more hearts ease Than there was water in the Sestian seas. 
1634 Mitton Comus 835 Nereus .. gave her to his daughters 
to embathe In nectared lavers. 1641 — Refornt. 2 The 
sweet odour of the returning gospel [must] imbathe his soul 
with the fragrancy of heaven. 1776 Mickte tr. Camoen’s 
Lusiad 454 Embathe with gore Carpella’s Cape. 1855 
Battey Mystic, His limbs imbathed Amid immortal nymphs. 
1879 Farrar St. Paul I. 425 The perfumes with which Mary 
of Bethany embathed his feet. 

b. zntr. for ref. 

1817 CoLeripGe, She dare .. embathe in heavenly light. 

Hence Emba‘thed, ///. a., in quot. elliptical for 
embathed in perfume, hence fragrant. 

1590 SPENSER J/uzopotmos 194 Embathed Balme. 

mbattle (em-, imbz't’l), v1 Forms: a. 
4-6 em-, enbataile, 6 embattail(e, -ayl, (9 arch. 
embattail), 6 embatteil, 5-6 enbatel(l, -yl, 
6-8 embattel(l, (6 enbattle, 7 embatle), 6- 
embattle. 8. 5-6 imbatail, -ttail, 6-7 im-, 
inbattel, 7-8 imbattle. [ME. embatazle, a. OF. 
embataillier to prepare for battle, f. e7- (see EN-) 

+ bataille BATTLE sb.1 (Cf. ENBATAILE, adv.)] 

1. trans. To set (an army) in battle array. Also 
(Spenser), to arm, prepare for battle (an individual). 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 247 He fonde His enemy full em- 
bareiled. ¢1450 Merlin 152 Telleth how thei were in- 
batailed a-gein the xj kynges. 1494 FaByAN VI. ccxvii. 236 
Than the Normans imbateled y* fotemen. 1513 Morr Rich. 
IIT (1641) 429 When the Earle of Richmond knew .. the 

ing was neere embattailed. 1570-87 HoLinsHep Scot. 
Chron. (1806) I. 329 Hereupon Malcolme imbattelling his 

eople. 1596 SPENSER /. Q. 11. v. 2 One in bright armes em- 
batteiled full strong. a 1677 Barrow Sermz. (1683) II. xi. 155 
As a General. .mustereth and embattaileth his troops. 1755 
Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 457 It was three.. before the King’s 
army was embattled. ¢1840 DE Quincey Autodiog. Sk. 
Wks. I. 240 But once embattled, what should hinder them 
from detecting a flaw in their commission? 
Jig. 1593 Nasue Christ's T.(1613)133 Embattelling our selues 
against sin, we must vse the weapons & arts of al Nations. 
1636 B. Jonson Discov. (1692) 702 With ability to render 
the one lov'd, the other hated, by his proper embatteling 
them. 1809-10 CoLerInGE Friend (1865) 214 Yet let us not 
embattle our feelings against our reason. 

2. ref. To form in order of battle ; to take up 
a position in the field. 

¢1450 LonE.IcH Grai/ xm. 458 Eualach enbatailled him 
inthe feeld. 1503-4 Act. 19 Hen. V/J, c. 34 Pream., Dyvers 
.. inbatelled theymself .. contrarie to the Dutie of their al- 
legeaunce. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 212 He commanded 
the first Bands. .should embattel themselves. 1844 Blackw. 
Mag. LVI. 531 Another had now slowly reared and em- 
battled itself against the. .Crescent. 

+b. zxtr. for refl. Obs. 

1597 DanieL Civ. Wares vu. lix, And near Northampton 
both Embattelling, Made now the very Heart of England 
bleed. 1662 (?) Dk. OrmonvE Laws § Ord. Army in Trel., 
Every .. Souldier .. shall keep silence when the Armie is. . 
marching or imbattailing. 1738 GLover Leonidas 1x. 14 
An ample space Where myriads might imbattle. 

3. To fortify (a building, town, etc). Cf. Em- 
BATTLE v.2; in many passages it is impossible to 
say which verb is intended. Also fig. 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 1684 Oppon ech pere par stent a tour { 
enbataild wyp queynte engynne. 1598 Yonc Diana 1 52 
The wals loftie and strongly embattelled. 1622 HEYLIN 
Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 183 Embattelled according to the modern 
Art of Fortifications. 1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 126 
Fear builds castles and embattles cities, 1830 TENNYSON 
Sonn. to FM. K., To embattail and to wall about thy 
cause With iron-worded proof. 


Embattle (embet’l), v2 Forms: 5 en- 
batel, 6 enbatell, embatel, 7 embatle, 7~ 
embattle. [f. En- + Bartix v.2; app. not in OF.] 
trans. To furnish (a building, wall, etc.) with 
battlements. Also fig. 


- € 1400 [see Empattiep AfZ. a.2]. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 
37, I wil. .that the Rysbygate. .be. Foe a! mabetanagnllg 
to endure. 1530 Patscr. 532s I enbatell a wall, I make bas- 
tylmentes upon it. 7598 ELAND /¢in, III. 34 Treury.. 
embateling al the Waulles ofthe House in a maner made it 


EMBAY. 


a Castelle. 1610 HoLtann Camden's Brit. 1. 753 To for- 
tifie and Kernel his mansion house, that is, to embatle it. 
1627 Sreep England Aér. xxvi. § 5 To build about and 
embattle a wall. 1823 Rutrer Fonthill 71 Another parapet, 

ierced and embattled. 185r Turner Dom. Archit. 11. 

ntrod, 23 Licenses to embattle manor-houses. 

f Emba-ttle, sb. Obs. rare—'. In 6 embatel. 
[f. Emparrie v.24] = BATTLEMENT. 

‘ ea Aeneid u. 575 Griped for hold thembatel of 
the wall. 

Embattled (embe't’ld), 77. a.) [f. Emparrie 
v.1+-ED.] 

1. Drawn up in battle array, marshalled for 
fight. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 32 He comaunded the oost em- 
batailed not forto breke. “1667 Mitton P. L. xu. 213 On 
their embattled ranks the waves return. 1677 Hoses 
Homer’s Iliad 137 See your men i’ th’ morn imbattled. 2790 
Cowrrr //iad 11. 536 The chiefs..may range Together, the 
imbattled multitude. 1816 Worpsw. Sonn. to Liberty xiii, 
Bondage threatened by the embattled East. 1866 FELTON 
Anc. § Mod. Gr. 1.vii. 108 The din of embattled squadrons. 

b. transf. enh s 

1745 T. Warton Pleas. Melanch. 294 At her presence mild 
the embattled clouds Disperse in air. 1837-9 Hatiam 
Hist. Lit. 1.1, iv. § 53. 297 The embattled legions of ignor- 
ance. 

2. Filled or covered with troops in battle array. 
Also fig. 

1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 56 The Element euery night 
was embattailed with Armed men, 1725 Porr Odyss. x1. 369 
Castor glorious on th’ embattled plain. 1842 OrDERSON 
Creol. xviii. 217 He was .. anxious to be at the first brunt of 
the embattled field. 

3. Fortified, made strong or secure against at- 
tack. Cf. EmBatriep ff/. @.2 

1765 BLackstone Comm. I. 263 That no subject can build 
a castle, or house of strength imbatteled .. without the 
licence of the king. 1834 Bowrinc Minor Morals, Per- 
severance 146 Every feudal chief was obliged to shut him- 
self up in high and embattled towers. 1879 Dixon Windsor 
I, iii. 28 Each manor was embattled for defence. 

Embattled (embe't'ld), pf’. a2 [f. Em- 
BATTLE v.2 +-ED1, 

1. Arch. Furnished with battlements, crenellated. 

¢ 1400 Rom. Rose, 1 saugh a gardyn .. walled welle, With 
high walles enbatailled. 1525 Lp. Berners Fvoiss. II. 
clvii. [cliii.] 431 The whiche castell was enbatylled. 1538 
Letanp /tin, II. 4o An embatelid Waulle now sore yn 
ruine. x Gray in Poems & Lett. (1775) 369 This seat.. 
is an ancient hall-house, with a very large tower embattled. 
1867 Lapy Hernert Cradle L. vii. 195 The old embattled 
walls still standing. 

2. Having an edge or outline shaped like a 
battlement ; crenellated ; sfec. in Heraldry. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Noune Pr. T. 40 His comb was. .Enbateled 
[other texts And batayld] as it were a castel wall. 1555 
Fardle Facions u. vii. 160 A copintancke, embatled aboute 
like a turrette. 1572 BossewELt Armorie 1. 29 b, Beareth 
Sables, & Gules, embatyled. .three Fer-de-molynsd’Argente. 
1753 CHamBers Cyc, Sufp., Embattled Line, in heraldry. 
1803 Rees Cycl., Bretessed..a..charge..embattled on both 
sides opposite to each other. 1834 PLancut: Brit. Costume 
222 Hats and caps .. with embattled or escalloped edges. 
1864 BouteLt Heraldry Hist. § Pop. iii. (ed. 3) 18 A Fesse 
dancette or embattled. 1884 Harper's Mag. Mar. 529/2 The 
embattled cliffs and the. .sea fill the view. 

Embattlement (embe't’lmént). Also 6 em- 
batyl-. [f. Emparrie v.2 + -ment.] = BATTLEMENT, 

1538 Leann /¢iz. VIII. 107 The Enbatylments of it wer 
full of Pinacles. 1572 BossrweLt Avmorie u. 77 b, A 
Crowne murall .. was made like enbattlementes of a wall. 
1886 Sat. Rev. 10 July 48 The mighty towers and embat- 
tlements.. yet rear themselves up proudly, 

Embattling (embetlin), v//. sd.1  [f. Em- 
BATTLE v1 +-1NG1.] The action of the verb Em- 
BATTLE! ; a, arraying (troops) in order of battle; 
b. taking up a position for fighting. 

1531 Evyor Gov... viii. (1557) 21 The..embattaylynge of 
his enemies. 1 Barret Zheor. Warres . ii. 47 These 
sundry sorts of imbattailling of men. 1611 CHapmMan /Ziad 
xvi. 154 Th’ embattelling of horse and foot. 1697 PotTER 
Antig. Greece mi. vi. (1715) 58 The Macedonians were the 
most famous for this Way of Imbattling. 1712 STEELE Sfec?. 
No. 502 P 5 To enumerate. .the embattling of armies. .would 
be to transgress the bounds of this paper. 

pl. 1677 Earv Orrery Art of War 8 The Velites..both 
in Embattellings and Campings..were mixt with the other 
three [bodies]. i : 

Embattling (embe'tlin), v2/. sb.2  [f. En- 
BATTLE v.2 +-ING1.] concr.in Her.; see quot. and 
cf, EMBATTLED Zf/. a.2 2, 

x753 Cuamsers Cycl. Supp. s.v., The heralds express this 
embattled line by the term crenellé ; and when it has the 
embattling on both sides. .they then call it bretessé. 

Emba‘ttling, f//. a. [f. EmparrLe v.1 + 
-InG?,] That forms in order of battle. fig. 

1794 CoLeripce Relig, Musings vi, Embattling interests 
on each other rush. 

Embay (embé':), v1 Also 6 imbay. [f. Em- 
+ Bay 56.2 and 3, 

1. trans, To lay (a vessel) within a bay. Also 
of the action of the wind or tide: To force (a 
vessel) into a bay; to detain within a bay. 

1600 Hax.uyt Voy. III. 149 Being immediately embayed 
in the Grand bay. 1628 Dicsy 77/7, 21 When wee were 
come with our shippes as near the shore .. as wee could, 
for feare of being embayed. 1702 C. MatuEr Magu. Chr. 
1. i. (1852) 44 He found himself embayed within a might: 
head of land. 1810 Edin. Rev. XVII. 150 Many small 
whales. .are yearly embayed and killed, 1870 J//ust. Lond. 

14 


EMBAY. 


News 29 Oct. 438 The headland before her must be weathered, 
unless she would be embayed and stranded. 

b. ¢ransf. ? with a reference to Bay 56.3 

x85 Ruskin Stones Ven, (1874) 1. xviii. 192 Some of them 
might miss the real doors, ani driven into the intervals, 

embayed there. et 

2. pass, Ofatown: To beenclosed within a bay. 

1825 Waterton Wand. S. Amer. w. ii. 313 The town 
Castries is quite embayed. 1842 SteRtinG Let. in Carlyle 
Lifeu iv. (1872)199 The town. .is notat allembayed, 
there is some little shelter for shipping within the mole. 

3. “ Of the sea: To forma ner ‘ee 
otcrorT Procopius ut. 97 But finding .. the sea to 
ne it self on both pete the loss 

4. To enclose (as in a bay); to shut in; to 
envelop, surround ; also fig. 

Bs ANYHURST A eneis 11, (1880) 50 Laocoon. . Is to sone 
embayed with wrapping girdle y coompast. 1624 Carr. 
Srrx Virginia 1. 16 We found our selues imbayed with a 
mightie headland. 1772-84 Coox Voy. (1790) V. 1860 We 
were, in some degree, embayed by the ice. 1792 Fortn. 
Ramble xi. Bridder Water .. looks as if embayed in 
mountains. 1 G.P. Scrore Volcanoes 176 The waters 
were embayed in eddies or Is. 1876 Bancrort //ist. 
U.S. IL. xxii. 32 He found himself embayed in a labyrinth 
without end. : 

+Embay’, v.2 Obs. poet. [f. En- pref. + 
Bay v.5] eer 

1. trans. To plunge (in a liquid); to bathe; 
hence, to drench, wet ; to imbrue, steep. 

1590 SPENSER F. Q. 1, x.27 Sad repentance used to embay 
His bodie in salt water. 1594 ?GREENE Selimus Wks. 
(Grosart) XIV. 223 Our mouthes in honie to embay. 1600 
FarrFax Zasso xu. Ixii, Their Swords both points and 
edges sharpe embay In purple bloud, where so they hit or 
light. 1762 Cuurcnitt Ghost, His horse, Whose sides, in 
their own blood embay’d, E’en to the bone were open laid. 

2. fig. a. To bathe (oneself) in sleep, sunshine. 
b. Of sleep: To bedew, pe suffuse, pervade. 

1590 SPENSER Muiopotmos 200 In the warme sunne he 
doth himselfe embay. 1590 — F. Q. 1. ix. 13 Whiles every 
sense the humour sweet embay’d. 1610 G, FLETCHER Christ's 
Vict. in Farr’s S. P. (1847) 63 And all about, embayed in 
soft sleep, A herd of charmed beasts aground were spread. 

Embayed (embéid), #f/. a. [f. Empay v.!] 

1. Enclosed in, or as in,a bay. Also, of a shore: 
Formed into bays, hollowed out by the sea. 

1835 Mupie Brit. Birds (1841) I. 125 A shore, embayed 
and torn by the sea. 1839 Murcuison S7/ur. Syst. 1. xxxvii. 
516 The embayed flats. .are good examples of the fertile soil. 
1851 Ruskin Stones Ven.(1874) 1. i. 17 Embayed fragments 
of the Roman wreck. 1 feats Nat, Hist. Comm. 15 
‘The embayed waters of Mexico. 1882 Nature XXVI. 151 
Great West Bay .. bears .. the ugly name of ‘ Dead Man's 
Bay’ from an embayed vessel caught in a South-west gale 
seldom escaping shipwreck. 

Forming a bay or recess. See Bay sd.3 

1824-9 Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) 11. 241 The embayed 
window. 

Embayment (embé'mént). 
-MENT.] 

1. a. The action of forming into a bay. b. concer. 
A portion of water or coast forming a bay. 

1815 Scotr Guy M. xl, The line of sea-coast, with all its 
varied curves, indentures, and embayments. 1853 G. JoHN- 
ston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 1. 10 Occasionally lingering in 
some embayment. .to collect their waters, 1879 Le Conte 
Elem. Geol. 525 The Mississippi probably commenced to run 
into the Tertiary Embayment. 1884 St. Nicholas 11.534 It 
is a larger embayment than that where the gig came to grief. 

2. A bay-like recess (of a window). 

1848 TZait’s Mag. XV. 102 The deep embayment of her 
favourite window. 

+E-mbe, f7c/. Obs. Alsotemb. A variant 
of OE. ymbe, ME. Umpg, q.v., about, around, etc. 

a 1000 A thelstan 5 (Gr.) Embe Brunanburh. a 1000 Meno- 
fog. (Gr.) 210 Embeahta niht. ¢ 1175 Lamé. Hom. 51 Pe bi- 
tacninge be ic habbe embe ispeken. /é/d. 219 Ne me3 nan 
iscefte. .understonden embe god. c1a0g Lay. 6563 Auere 
he pohte embe uuel. ¢132r5 SHoREHAM 141 Ine thylke songe 
That ich was embe oure faye. 

Hence in OE. and early ME. compounds : emb- 
huza [OE. foga care], anxiety; embsnive v. 

OE. snidan to cut], to circumcise; embeponk 
OE. /anc thought], anxiety or thought about; 
OE. zton without], round 


[f. as prec. + 


embe-uten adv, 
about. 

cx000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 34 hwyle hzt3 zenoh 
on hys agenum ymbhogan Tear eh Pry eathccaat 
Ibid. Mark. xiv. 47 Sodlice an of embe-uton 
{c 1160 Hatton embe-uten] stodon his swurde abrad. did. 
Luke ii. 210 Pe ehta dagas zefyllede weron bat det cild 
emsnyden [c 1160 Hatton embsny6en] were. ¢1175 Lamdé, 
Hom, 81 Pet me sculde in pe ehtube dei pet knaue child 
embsnipen. ¢1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 pe bileffulle mannes 
heorte.. ben wasshen of be embebonke of fleshliche lustes. 

+Embeam (embi'm), v. Obs. [f. Ey- + 
Beam sb.]_ trans. To cast beams (of light) upon, 
irradiate ; to radiate (light). 

1610 G. Frercuer Christ’s Vict. in Farr’s S. P. (1848) 75 
La now so lively colours did embeam His a fore- 

ead. 


(may] embeam my Night. Jer. Cottier in Benlowes 
Theoph. B 4b, Loves self in her his Flame embeams. 

t+tEmbeau'ty, v. Ods. rave—'. In 6 en- 
bewte. [f. En-+Braury.] ‘rans. To put beauty 
on (a person or thing) ; to beautify, 


1§23 SKELTON Gari. Laurel 868 Whom 
fresshly enbewted. 


Embeazle, obs. f. Emprzzir, 


enature.. Hath 


1652 BeNLowes oe 1. xcix. 13 Faith in Thee - 


106 


Embed, imbed (em-, imberd). [f. En-, Ix-” 


+ Bev sd, (Embed is now the more common form.)] 


porns Sueise letrods > i 
ee care of os m itl 


1. “rans. ‘To ix So ae mass of | by me William Caxton a lytel embelysshed fro tholde 
some solid material. Also ref. * - ng. eno Setpe ge) of Ene: (2739) ak 
. alt im i 
decal einwoa (oedipal bedded. 186: preferment. 1722 Wottaston Revig. Nat. vil. 154 False 
Huime tr in-Tandon i. ut. iv. 147 Leeches..embed of : imbellishd ii le wits. 1726 
themselves in the earth. J. Tuas in Cassell’s Techn, | Swirt To a Lady, I shall..with books my mind embellish. 
Educ. IV. 6/2 Iron girders waabedaed Fe brickwork and 1772 hf i_ = ii. =! haw = vanbes 

sana plls pos ot fl 9 5 ie ron ir ges cama Brg re md nde gn 


one 
B. 1778 Wuirexnurst /nguiry Earth xii. go Marine ex- 
uviz found im! near the of mountains. 1797 
M. Battie Morb, Anat. (1807) Masses of the same sort 
of substance, lying as it were em! in the 1816 
R. Jameson Char. Min, (1817) 130 Crystals are said to 
be imbedded, when they are completely inclosed in another 
mine! 1866 Livincstone ¥rv/. (1873) I. i. 29 Thus. .in- 
— are. .imbedded in the gum-copel 
. Jig 

a. 1835 Lytton Rienzi 1. xii, The light .. embedded, as 
it were, in vast masses of shade. 1855 Bain Senses § /nt. 
u. ii. § 12 The sensation is embedded in a movement. 1870 
Lowe.t Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 79 The winged seeds 
of his thought embed th Ives in the y: 

. 1855 Bain Senses & Jnt. u. ii. § 13 The same optical 

pression..may..be imbedded in a great many different 
muscular impressions. 1875 Maine Hist. Just. 1. 14 Parts 
of these. .writings are imbedded in the text of the Book. 

ce. transf. Also in wider senses suggested by the 
etymology. 

1848 CLoucH Amours de Voy, m1. Nemi, imbedded in 
wood, Nemi inurned in the hilt! 1849 Grote Greece (1862) 
V. 11. lx. 300 A more considerable stream, flowing deeply 
imbedded between lofty banks. 1852 M. ARNotp Poems, 
Emped. on Etna u, Through whose [Typho’s] heart Etna 
drives her roots of stone To imbed them in the sea. 

2. Said of the surrounding mass of material: To 
enclose firmly. Also fig. 

1853 KANE Grinnell Exp. xxvi. (1855) 210 Fields of new ice 
. imbedded them in a single night. 1855 1.-TayvLor Restor. 
Belief 215 Those Seven Epistles..imbed our problem, 1887 
a Mag. May 955 A soft sweetish pulp. .embeds the 
two beans. 

Hence Embe-dded ///. a., Embe'dding wv0/. sd. 
and ff/. a. 

1830 LyeLt Princ. Geol. I. 85 Others ascribed the im- 
bedded fossil bodies to some plastic power which resided 
in the earth in the early ages of the world. 1863 — 
Antig. Man 8, 1 have peak He of the embedding of organic 
bodies and human remains in peat. 1877 W. THomson Voy. 
Challenger I. ii. 113 The elegant forms of the imbedded 
shells. eis E. Conver Bas. Faith vii. 315 Smelting out 
the pure gold of revealed truth from the imbedding ore. 

+t Em e'dlam, v. Ods. [f. Ex- + BepLam.] 
trans. To put into Bedlam ; hence to drive mad. 

a1628 F. Grevitte Alaham 11. ii, (1633) 28 Furie! then 
spurre thyself, embedlam wit. 

Embedment (embe'dmént). [f. Empep v. + 
-MENT.] a. The action of embedding, the state 
of being embedded. b. concr. Something which 
embeds ; a ‘ bed’ of stonework, etc. 

1828-40 TytLer Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 304 The large oak 
pillars. .rested in an embedment of strong masonwork. 

Embeggar: see Em- prefix. 

Embel, embelf, erron. forms of next. 

1 Cotes, Embel. 1775 Asn, Emibel, embelf. 

+ E-mbelif, adv. and a. Astron, Obs. [a. 
OF. phrase en delif: see BELEF.] 

A. adv. In an oblique direction, obliquely. 
¢1391 Cuaucer Astro/. 11. § 28 These same signes..ben 
cleped tortuos signes or kroked signes for they arisen em- 
belif on oure Orisonte. 
B. adj. Oblique. 

¢139r Cuaucer Aséro/. n. § 28 heading, To knowe the 
assencions of signes in the embelif cercle in every regioun, 
I Mene, in circulo obliquo. /éfd., The embelif orisonte .. 
ouerkervyth the equinoxial in embelif angles. 1413 Lypc. 
Pilgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 70, I saw the spyeres tornen. .eue- 
riche within other, by contrarious mouyng, and by embelif. 

Hence + Embelif v. Obs. intr., to be oblique. 

1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle v, i. (1859) 70 There wasa Cercle 
embelyfyng somwhat. 

Embellish (embe'lif) v. Forms: 4-5 em- 
belyssh, (4 enbelyse, embellis), 5 embellissh, 
-ysh, (embelese, -yse, -yce, enbelis, -issh, em- 
belsh), 6— embellish. Also 7-8 imbelish, im- 
bellish. [a. OF, emdelliss- lengthened stem of 
embellir, f. en- (see EN-) + del beautiful.] 

1. +a. To render beautiful (ods, in general sense). 
b. To beautify with adventitious adornments ; to 
ornament. 

1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 1033 & enbelyse his 
bele chere. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W., Lucrece, Teeres ful 
of prea, Embelysshed [v. 7. embelesed, enbelised] hire 
wifly chastitee. ¢1440 Partonope 5981 Wyth beaute. . nature 
Wold so embelyce ony oo creature. 1474 Caxton Chesse 9 
The robes of purpure. .enbellissheth the body. 1579 SPEN- 
sER Sheph. Cal. Feb., It was embellisht with Wisco 
fayre. 1601 Hottann Pliny Il. 185 The Elm re a 
waterish humour, which is very pro) to imbeli qe 
skin. 8 Secr. Serv. Money Chas. & Yas. 49 For 
writing, flourishing, and embellishing, partly in gold, a letre 
sent to the Emperor of .. Morocco. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. 
Hist. (1827) IL. tv. § 1. 215 His hair embellished with artificial 
locks. 180x Srrutr Sports § Past. 1. iii. 36 Bridles .. em- 
bellished with bits of yellow gold. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. 
Comm, 248 The objects thus embelli: were jewel-cases. 

c. fig.; now often with sense to ‘dress up’, 
heighten (a narration) with fictitious additions. 


with his 


es exagger- 
Ord. (1863) 53 A long life .. embelli =p ta : 
. (x tes - 
suits. Mod. story is true in substance, ter hes tae 
greatly embellished. : 
+2. &.£° brighten (in feeling), cheer. Ods, 
1481 Myrr. 1.v. 17. But they were embelisshid 
moche of that they sawe the firmament thus torne and so 
nobly to holde his cours. 
Embellished (embe'lift), ft. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1,] Beautified, adorned, illustrated. 
1845 


— ‘Lor10 Dict. Ep. Ded. 2 Your embellisht 
j Patron. Brit. Art ii. 55 Embellished 

Embellisher (embe'lifoz). [f. as prec. + -ER.] 
He who or that which beautifies or adorns. 

79 Caxton Chaucer's Boeth. Pref., The .. first founder 
ps belisher of te eloq in our English .. Chau- 
cer, 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 521 P4 And 
Embellishers. 1813 is Giaour xviii. note, 
schid, the embellisher of Istakhar. 187 Smites Charac. ix. 
(1876) 260 Grace is a sweetener and embellisher of life. 

Embellishing (embe'lifis), sal a8. GTI 
BELLISH v.+-ING!.] The action or process of 
making beautiful ; also concr. ornamentation. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. ii.(1851) 103 The devices and im- 
bellishings of mans imagination. 1678 Cupwortx /ntel/. 
Syst. 33 For the Adorning and Embellishing of the Cor- 
poreal World to us. a 

Embellishing (embe'lifin), #77. a. ff Emsex- 
LISH v, + -ING*.] That embellishes or beautifies. 

1545 T. Raynotp Womans Book Y 5 The embellisshinge 
or Whiticing medicines whereof I entende to speke here. 
1673 Lady's Call.1. ii. 19 Meekness is so. .peculiarly embel- 
lishing to women. 

Embe‘llishment. [f. as prec. +-menv. 

1. The action or process of embellishing or beau- 
tifying ; decoration, ornamentation. 

1623 Cockeram Eng, Dict. u, Beautifying, Embellish- 
ment, Decoration. 1 Trans. Crt. Spain 206 The thi 
that contributed most to the embellishment of that Festival, 
was the great abundance of Ladies. 1711 Appison Sfect. 
No. 1 P8, I am sensible they might not tend to the Embel- 
lishment of my paper. 1868 Mirman St. Paul's 340 A 
Turkish merchant devoted no less a sum than 10,000/. to 
the internal embellishment of St. Paul's. 

2. That which embellishes or beantifies, /¢. and 
Jjig.; an ornament, decoration, setting off; esp. a 
grace of diction or composition, a poetical image, 
episode, or hyperbole ; also, in pejorative sense, 
an exaggeration (cf. EMBELLISH @. I c). 

1632 Quar.es Div. Fancies 1, lxxx. (1660) 165 But now, 
has not the least Imbellishment Of Heav'nly ledge. 
1662 Futter Worthies (1840) lg Abatement is made 
for poetical embellishments. 1664 H. More J/yst. ing oe 
A book that has some pleasing embellishments on the 
1717 Lavy M. W. Montacvue Ze?t#. II. xliv. 22 A relation, 
thar has“. received many embellishments from my hand. 
1772 Pennant Zours Scot. (1774) 343 Nor are the loft 

130 D'Israei Chas. /, 
ILI. ii. 18 Formed for , and the embellishments of life. 
ed, 77! a. Obs. rare—*. [f. En- 
+ Bencu sé. +-ED. ‘ormed into ‘ benches’; ef. 
Bence sé. 6, 7, and v. 2. 
Nasue Lent. Stuffe 9 Cerdicus. .was the first .. that 
ont benched sh his footing. 


Ember ! (e‘mba:). Forms: 1 émerse, 4 aym-, 
eemer, 5 eymbre, -bery, (6 //. embries, 
emmers, Sc. amer-, ammer-, amyrris,) 6-7 im- 
ber, 9 dal. yummer. 
corresponds to OHG. eimuria (M 
ON. eimyrja (Da. emmer, Sw. mérja) :—OTeut. 
*aimusjén-; for the suffix cf. Goth. jukusi (stem 
jukuzja-) yoke. The ME. forms with ay- ey- point 
to adoption from ON. rather than to descent from 
OE. e disap’ ce of the vowel of the 
original second syllable occasioned the insertion 
of the euphonic 4, normal between m and 7] 

1. A small piece of live coal or wood in a half- 
extinguished fire. Chiefly in f/.: The smoulder- 
ing ashes of a fire. 


¢x000 Ags. Leechdoms 111, 30 Nim 3u clatan moran .. & 
Form 


G. eimere), 


Eymbre, hote aschys [ eymery or 
ten 1513 Dowocas aaa 
feede them = 
with .. rootes, rosted in embries. 1600 Haxtuyr Voy. 

< They heat it [flesh] a little upon imbers of 
pe og og cuca eel tao, 
x Sargg wg jell yess in flames. 1838-42 ARNOLD 
Hist cone TE reas 


ceed a 1849 i separate dying ember 
its ghost the % Srv’ 7 
Daw fn Gi the tee comtonidgiemberls quenched. 


EMBER. 


alg A ; é 

1 ore Edw. V. Ep, Ded. 3 To revive that which 
hath for a long time been raked up in the embers of oblivion. 
1650 R. Stary.ton Strada’s Low C. Warres 1. 20 But the 
secret lay not long in the Embers. 1787 BentHam Df 

Usury 178 Success does not .. arise out of the embers of ill- 
success. 1874 Bancrorr /ootpr. Time i. 97 The embers of 
independence .. broke forth in war. 

3. Comb. ember-bread (see quot.; but the 
statement is app. a fiction to explain Emprr- 
DAYS.) 

1681 Warton Fasts § Fest. Wks. (1683) 30 A Cake baked 
under the Embers or Ashes, which was called .. Ember- 
bread. 1796 Pecce Anonym. (1809) 135. . ; 

Ember? (emba1). Now only arid. and in 
Comb. Forms: a. I ymbren, 6-8 embring, 
-yng, 6 im-, ymbring, 6-7 imb-, embering. £. in 
Comb. 3 umbri-(#), ymbri-, 4 ymber-, 5 embyr-, 
ymbre-, 6 embre-, (amber-), 7- ember. [The 
OE. ymbren (app. neut.: pl. yabren), perh. a cor- 
ruption (due to attrib. use) of OE. yzbvyne masc., 
period, revolution ‘of time, f. yd about, round + 
vyne course, running. 

It seems however not wholly impossible that the word may 
have been due to popular etymology working upon some 
Vulgar Lat. corruption of guatuor tempora; cf. Ger. guat- 
ember Ember-tide ; for the possibility of OE. #é for L. mp, 
and for the suffix, cf. OE. gméren from L. amp(hjora. The 
ON. imbri(-dagar), OSw. ymber(-dagar) appear to be ad. 
eat: OSw. had also tamper-dagar from tempora.] 

The English name of the four periods of fasting 
and prayer (L. guatuor tempora) appointed by 
the Church to be observed respectively in the four 
seasons of the year. Each of these fasts occupies 
three days, viz, a Wednesday and the following 
Friday and Saturday ; these are called Lméer days, 
and the weeks in which they occur are called 
Ember weeks. Since the Council of Placentia 
A.D. 1095, the Ember days have been the Wed- 
nesday, Friday, and Saturday next following (1) 
the first Sunday in Lent, (2) Whitsunday, (3) 
Holy Cross Day, 14 Sept., (4) St. Lucia’s Day, 
13 Dec. Inthe Roman Church the Ember-Satur- 
days, and in the Church of England the Sundays 
immediately following, are the days on which 
ordinations usually take place. 

+1. As an independent sé.; = Ember-day (only 
in a, forms). Ods. 

crore Laws of Athelred (Thorpe) VI. xxiii, Ymbren & 
festena. /bid. xxv, Heah-freolsdagum & riht-ymbrenum. 
c1000 Ags. Gosp, Rubric to Luke vili. 40 Dis sceal on frige- 
dzz on bere pentecostenes wucan to bam ymbrene. 1547 
Satespury Welsh Dict., Katcor [i.e. cadgor, a fast], Em- 
bryng. 1573 Tussrer Husb, (1878) 28 Keepe Embrings wel, 
and fasting daies. ; 

2. attrib. and Coméb., as ember (+ embring )-day, 
Sast, -Friday, -time, -tide, -week ; ember-eve, the 
vigil of an Ember day. 

a. axo0co Laws of “ilfred xiiii, On iiii. ymbren-wican. 
@ 1036 Laws of Cnut (Eccl.) xvi, Si hit Ymbren-festen si 
hit lengcten-feesten. /did2. xvii, We forbeodad ordal & adas 
freolsdagum & ymbren-dagum. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. 
de Worde) 1. xvi. (1506) 125 To faste foure tymes in the yere 
the ymbryngetyme. 1548 Act 24 3 Edw. VJ,c. 19 Preamb., 
Abstinence, which hath been used .. upon .. the Embring 
Days, and other Days. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. xu. 
xiv. 200 He .. must come to church upon an embering fri- 
daie. 1590 TarLETON News Purgat. (1844) 64 [The pope] that 
made the imbering-weekes in honour of his faire and beau- 
tifull curtizan Imbra. 1563-87 Foxe A. § J. (1684) II. 30/1 
Counselling .. the said Roger Dods, upon an Embring day, 
to sup with Bread and Cheese. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. 111. 
227 Abstinence from flesh in Lent, and on .. embring days. 

‘a a@1225 Ancr. R. 70 Holdep silence .. ide Umbridawes 
[w.r. ymbri wikes]. 138. Wyciir Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 203 Pe 
Wednesday Gospel in ymber weke in Septembre monebe. 
c1440 Promp. Parv. 139 Embyrday, angarium vel guatuor 
temporum. - Caxton Myrr. 1. x.155 By the kalender 
we knowe.. the ymbre dayes. c1sso Bate K. Yohan 41 
Bothe amber dayes & lentes. 1550 WydZ of Deuyll (Collier) 

, I geue .. the Embredays to pope Calixtus. 1608 SHaks. 

er. 1, Cho. 6 A song of old..sung at festivals, On ember- 
eves, and holy ales. 1622 Mipp.eETon, etc. Old Law u1. i, 
Are all fallen into fasting-days and Ember-weeks? 16: 
Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 117 And pope Calixtus in the 
year 206 ordained Ember fasts. 1704 NeLson Fest. § Fasts 
Il. iii. (1739) 469 These Fasts..may..be said to be Ember 

ays. 1726 Ayuirre Parerg, 281 The four Seasons of the 
year called the Ember-Weeks. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. 
Ch. (1858) I. App. 386 The Ember fasts, on Wednesday, Fri- 
day, and Saturday, four times in the year. 184953 Rock Ch. 
of Fathers IV. xi. 64 On the ember-days, the deacon and 
subdeacon wore ..the chasuble. 1849 Miss Mutock Og?i- 
vies xii. (1875) 90 How near it is to Ember weeks. 

Ember.® Also imber, immer, emmer, am- 
mer. [a. Norw. emmer(-gaas); Icel. has him- 
brimi, older himbrin; Faroic imbrim (Vigf.).] A 
kind of sea-fowl (Colymbus Immer Linn. Pennant) 
frequenting the seas about Orkney, a variety of the 
Northern Diver or Loon (Colymbus glacialis) to 
which the name is sometimes given. Chiefly in 
Comb. as Ember-goose, -diver. 

1744 Preston Zetland in Phil. Trans, XLIII, 61/2 The 
Ember-Goose, which is said to hatch her Egg under her 
Wing. 1802 G. Monracu Ornith, Dict. (1833) 267 Imber- 

iver—a name for the Loon. 1822 Scorr Pirate xxi, Be 
mine the imber- to play. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names 
Brit. Birds (E.D,S.) 213 Immer or Ember (Orkney), Imber 


107 


pores (Ireland), Ammer or Emmer goose (Aberdeen, E. 
othian). 

Embered (e'mba:d), 44/. a. [f. Ember! + -Ep2.] 
a. Strewn with embers; b. Burnt to embers. 

1796 SoutuEy Yoan of Arc u. 468 On the white-ember’d 
hearth Then heapt up fresh fuel. 1863 W. Lancaster Pre- 
terita 26 An old crone leaning at an ember’d fire. 

Embering, obs., var. of EMBER 2. : 

+ Emberlucock, v. Obs. rare. [ad. F. em- 
burelucocquer, a nonce-wd. of fanciful formation.] 
To bewilder, confuse. 

1653 Urquuarr Rabelais 1. vi, Never emberlucock.. your 
spirits with these vaine thoughts and idle conceits. 

+Embe‘tter, v. Ods. Also 7 imbetter [f. 
En- + Berrer, a.] ¢vans. To make better. 

@ ¢1583 Peckuam in Hakluyt Voyages (1600) III. 181 

Then .. estates of such as now liue in want shall be em- 
bettered. 1625 Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis (1636) Dedic. A 2 
Varietie to please the minde, and Learning to embetter the 
Iudgement. 1839 Ricuarpson ; and in mod. Dicts. 
_B. 1607 Danie Philotas v. Chorus, Crueltie doth not 
imbetter men. 1680 Sir W. WaLLer Divine Medit. (1839) 
41 Those that are good are imbettered, even by the illness of 
those that are bad. 

Embezzle (embe‘z’l), v. Forms: a. 5 en- 
besyl, enbesel(1, 5-6 embesell, -sill, -syle, -syll, 
(6 embecill), 6-8 embezel(1, -zil(1, -zle, -zzel(1, 
7 embeasil, -zle, embes(s)el(1, 6- embezzle. 
8. 5-8 imbezel(l, -ill, (6-7 imbeazel(1), 7-8 
imbezzel(1, -il, imbezle, 6-8 imbesel(1, -il(1, 
(6-7 imbeasell, -il, imbecile, -ill, imbesle, 
ymbessill,) 7 imbezzle. [ad. AF’. exdesz/er (quots. 
1397, 1404), ‘to make away with, cause to dis- 
appear, fraudulently destroy’; f. ev- + deseler (see 
BEzZLE v.), which occurs (with the same sense) 
in the Year-books of 32-33 Edw. Il (1305), and 
appears to be identical with OF. dest/ler (Pr. 
esillar) to maltreat, ravage, destroy ; according 
to M. Paul Meyer f. L. ézs-, in late L. used asa 
pejorative prefix. % 

In 16th c. the Eng. word appears to have been referred 
to the L. zmébecillare to weaken (see ImBECILE), and this 
notion has possibly in some degree influenced the subse- 
quent development of the sense.]} 

+1. trans. To make away with (provisions, 
money, etc.) ; esp. to carry off secretly (what be- 
longs to another person) for one’s own use. Oés. 

a. [1397 W7ll of Fohn of Gaunt in Nichols Royal Wills 
155 Drap enbroudes .. et toutes autres pieces de la suit .. 

uels je achatay de..la Duchesse de Northfolk aussi en- 
tierement sans riens ent enbeseiller com jes les avoy de 
ele.] 1469 Househ. Ord. 91 See that noe vitaills. .ne none 
other stuffe of the seide householde be enbeselled oute. 
1530 Pasar. 531/2 He that embesylleth a thyng intendeth 
to steale it. 1552 /z7.Ch. Surrey 55 There was embeselyd 
one auter clothe and two towelles. 1598 Linschoten’s Voy. 
in Arb. Garner III. 18 But little cometh to the owner’s 
hands, being embezzled and privily made away. 1655 FULLER 
Ch. Hist. vit. 42 The Utensells thereof had lately been Em- 
bezelled. 1750 Carte “ist. Eng. II. 151 One of these [bibles] 
was to be placed in every parish church, chained so as not 
to be embezzeled. 

B. 1474 Househ. Ord. 30 Nor that the porters suffree any 
stuffe to be imbezelled out of the sayde gates. 1574 Het- 
LowEs Gueuara’s Ep. 166 Babling and foule mouthed boyes 
.. wil imbesill your apparrell. 1598 Stow Swrv. xxxiii. 
(1603) 297 Manie of the Kings Jewels were .. imbeseled. 
1624 Carr. Smitu Virginia iv. 140 The Sailers ., are much 
to blame for imbesling the prouisions. 

Jig. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 76 Thee pryvee masse .. em- 
becilleth and taketh out of our hartes Christ. 

+b. To make away with, fraudulently destroy 
(a charter, title-deed, etc.). In later use also, To 
mutilate, tamper with (a document or writing of 
any kind). Ods. 

a. [1404 Acts Hen. IV, c. 14 (Record ed.), Porce que 
pleuseurs pies de fins .. et les notes de tielx fyns demorantz 
en le comune Bank, aient este devant ces heures enbesilez, & 
autres pies & notes de fyns fauxement contreovez & mys en 
lour lieux.] 1494 FAByAN vit. 293 The sayd boke. .was en- 
besylyd, or loste. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 51 Preamb., 
The evydences concernyng the same Maners .. ben embe- 
selled by .. ill disposed persones, 1509-10 Act 1 Hen. V//1, 
c.8 The said commissioner or escheatour may nott change 
nor enbesyll the said offices or inquisiciones. 1581 Lam- 
BARDE Liven. iv. xxi. (1588) 625 If a Justice of the Peace 
will craftily embesill an Enditement. 1660 H. More 
Myst. God?. vu. xi, 326 The Writings of the Evangelists .. 
were never embeseled. 1662 Futter Worthies (1840) III. 
296 The records pense t0 this family have been em- 
bezzled. 1691 E. Tayvtor Behmen’s Life 425 A Hieroglyphical 
Monument . .was razed and embezelled by the rude Hands. 

. 1504 Plumpton Corr, Introd. 64 How. .evydenc’ hath 
bene imbeseled, 1665 Stituincri. Rational “Acc. Prot. 
Relig. 212 Is it then possible to suppose all those Copy’s 
at once imbezeled. x F. Puitirrs Reg. Necess. ho. 
Ded., It is Felony to imbezill or corrupt a Record. 1677-8 
MarveLt Corr, 326 Wks. 1872-5 II. 586 Upon occasion of 
imbeziling the Bill sent from the Lords. 

+e. To entice away (a person) from service, 
etc. Obs. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard, x1. (1 f09) 615 He would be a 
conuenient instrument to imbeasell from the army of Fran- 
cisco-maria the bands of Gascons. 1594 Lyty Moth. Bombie 
v. iii. 137, I had rather thou shouldst rob my chest, than 
imbeasell my sonne. 

+2. To weaken, impair, diminish. Ods. 

1566 Drant Horace’ Sat. 1. v, And so imbecill all theyr 
strengthe, That they are naught to me. 1580 Hotty- 
Band Tveas. Fr. Tong, Appetisser, to diminish, to lessen, 


EMBILLOW. 


to imbesill. 6x0 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 121 
Whereby the Quene’s Majesties custome .. maye .. be.. 
empayred .. or embeselled. 1622 Matynes Anc. Law- 
Merch, 307 The Kings or Princes Valuation is effected .. 
by embeasiling the standard of money, by allay. 1636 
Featiy Clavis Myst. \xx. 892 Our luxury hath imbezelled 
us. 1670 Basi, VaLentine Last Will § Test. xxxvii, Have 
a os a to the upper scaffolds, that they be not im- 
bezled. i . eas 

+3. To impair or diminish by waste or extra- 
vagance ; to squander, dissipate (property, etc.). 

a. 1578 Banister Hist. Maz 1. 26 Nature .. would not.. 
for the insertion of Muscles. .embicill, and wast so much of 
the bones. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. vi. v. (1651) 577 
He hath embeazled his estate. 1658Sir T, Browne Hydriot. 
24 Fearing to embezzle a great commodity of their Country. 
1749 Cuesterr. Le?t. II. ccxi. 308 It is not the fashion .. 
at Paris, to embezzle at least half of it [the day] at table. 
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) II. go1/1 His fortune, 
which had been so much embezzled. 

B. 162x Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. ut. xv. (1651) 137 When 
they have with riot and prodigality imbezzelled their estates. 
1679 J. GoopMan Penitent Pard. 1. iv. (1713) 99 He wastes 
and imbezils the very talents and abilities God had endowed 
him with, 1683 Crowne City Politiques u. i. 24, 1 have 
imbezell’d all the furniture of my soul and body in vice. 

4. (The only current sense.) To divert to one’s 
own use (money, etc.) in violation of trust or 
official duty. [At first app. a contextual use of 1 
and 3; in early examples not distinguishable from 
one or the other of these.] 

a. 1600 HoLtanp Livy xxxvin. i. 1016 The Tribunes 
.. proceeded to charge him..for embezzeling and averting 
to his proper use certeine treasure gotten from King 
Antiochus, 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs Ind. Wks. XI. 318 
His fortune .. grossly mismanaged and embezzled. 1833 
Macautay War Success., Ess. (1854) 1. 249/1 Bellasys, the 
English General, embezzled the stores. 1855 — //ist. Eng. 
IV. 363 The rapacious governor had daily opportunities of 
embezzling and extorting. 

B. 1585 Freetwoop in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 216 II. 
301 To steale and imbesell any thinge in his charge this is 
felonye. 16x3 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 211 The seruant 
that hath any goods. .deliuered him to keepe by his Master 
and ..doth .. imbezle, or conuert the same to his own vse, 
the same, shall be judged a theefe. 1653 H. Cocan tr. 
Pinto’s Trav. viii. 24 That Mahometan, who had imbezzled 
away a great part of the goods committed to his charge. 

*| 5. Used by Shelton to render the like-sounding 
Sp. embelesar, to bewilder, stupefy [cf. Bezzix v.]. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. u. liii, 357 Sancho was astonish’t and 
embeseld with what he heard & saw. 

Embezzled (embe:z’ld), ff/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED.] In the senses of the verb. 

1603 Kno.tes //ist. Turks (1621) 555 Those. .expences.. 
were .. supported with the embeseled spoile. 1641 Vind. 
Smectynimuus 24 An imbezel’d book. ¢ 1645 Howe. Let? 
u. 8 An Italian who had the keeping of their embeazled 
mony. 1833 Hr. Martineau Berkeley Banker 1. viii. 153 
The nature of the embezzled property. 1870 LoweELL 
Among my Bhs. Ser, 11. (1873) 281 An old gentleman. .used 
the contracted form of the participle in conversation, but 
.. gave it back its embezzled syllable in reading. 

Embezzlement embe:z’Imént). Also 6 em- 
becil-, embasel-, 7 embezzil-, imbezle-. [f. 
EMBEZZLE v.+ -MENT; in AF. (1404) embesile- 
ment.] The action of embezzling. ‘+a. In senses 
of EMBEZZLE 1-3 (ods.). b. (The mod. sense.) 
Fraudulent appropriation of entrusted property. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 75 What is sacriledge..but an em- 
becilment and stelthe of an holy thing out of an holy place. 
1579 Wills & Inv. N.C. (1860) II. 234 xote, To be restored, 
thoute anye kinde of embaselmente. 1645 Mitton Co/ast. 
Wks. (1851) 356 Those weak supposes of. .portions and joyn- 
tures likely to incurr imbezlement heerby. 1762-71 H. Wa- 
POLE Vertue's Anecd. Paint.(1786) I. 205 The lightness which 
is remarked in the coins of Edward VI. was owing to the 
embezzlements of this person. 1786 Burke Articles agst. 
W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 166 Fraud, peculation, and em- 
bezzlement. 1813 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disp. X. 152 That 
punishment which is attached to embezzlement. 1886 Pad/ 
Mail G. 11 Dec. 6/1 Embezzlement is the appropriation by 
a clerk or servant of money coming into his hands on his 
master’s account. 

Embezzler (embe‘zlo1). [f. Emprzzir v. + 
-ER.] One who embezzles. 

1667 Pepys Diary 25 July, Hogg is the. .most observable 
embezzler, that ever was known. 1687 Loud. Gaz. No. 
2300/1 The Detainers, Imbezlers, or Concealers of the said 
Books. 1702 R. CrosFeitp Affection of People, etc. 4 The 
Embezelers of His Majesties Naval Stores. 1821 Zazt’s 
Mag. XXI. 376. Embezzlers, burglars and pick-pockets, 
I Pall Mall G. 11 Oct. 7/2. 

mbezzling (embezlin), vd/. sb. [f. Em- 
BEZZLE v +-ING1.] The action of the verb Em- 
BEZZLE, 1n various senses, 

1540 Act 32 Hen. VII/, c. 48 Al..wastes, imbesselinges. . 
and misusynge of the seyd artilleries, stores. 1577 HARRISON 
England u. xi. (1877) 1. 224 Embesilling of goods committed 
by the master to the seruant. 1581 LamBarpe Liven, 1. vii. 
(1588) 233 The embezelling of any Record. 1665 MarvELL 
Let. Mayor of Huil Wks. I. 51 Another Bill.. to prevent 
the imbezelling of prize goods. 1658 Whole Duty Man 
xv. § 26. 124 By careless embezelling of them. 

Embibe, obs. form of IMBIBE, 

1558 WarvDE Alexis’ Secr. (1568) 2b, When it is almost 
waxen drie, embibe or water it again as before. 

Embill, -ing: see Em- prefix. 

+ Embi'llow, v. Oés. rave. In 7 enbyllow. 
[f. Ex-+ Brttow.] ¢rans. To raise in billows. 

1625 Liste Du Bartas, Noe 1(R.), And then enbyllowed 
high doth in his pride disdaine With fome and roaring din 
all hugeness of the maine, 

14-2 


EMBIND. 


Embind (emboi'nd), v. Also 7 imbind. [f. 
En-+Bryp.] ¢rans. To confine, hold fast. 

ax628 F. Grevitte Alaham in. ii. (1633) 44 This secret 
haste is sure: all is imbound. c 1838 Worpsw. Egyftian 
Maid, The Damsel, in that trance embound. 

Embitter (embi'ta:), v. Also 7-9 imbitter. 
[f. Ex- + Brrrer a.] 

1. trans. To make bitter, impart a bitter taste to. 
Now rare in /it. sense. 

at T. Carrwricur C 


‘onfut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 726 
When I had eaten it, my bellie was imbittered. 


108 


1. “vans. To light up, illuminate, cause to glow. 
x Mitton ao 73 Th’ Diamonds .. 


Polish’d arms emblazed the flaming fields. Hervey 
Meat. a] 186 T with oie 


win, 
golden pane the setting sun doth just Imblaze. 
2. To set in a blaze, kindle. Also fig. 
1728 Pore Dunc. 1. 235 ee emblaze an ale-house 
fire. 1747 CoLtins Ode to iberty ii, Where nearer suns 
blaze its veins. x815 Month. Mag. XX XVIII. 534 Fires, 


‘Tra- 
HERNE Chr. Ethics 369 It is like d that imbii 
the nipple. 1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 122 Warm water, highh 
imbittered with the button-snake-root. New Monthly 


Afag. XL. 85 Brewers embitter their beer with hops. 

2. fig. To infuse with bitterness, spoil the sweet- 
ness of (existence, pleasures, pursuits, etc.). _ 

1677 Barrow in Speen Treas. David Ps, cxix. 7% 
Impiety .. doth embitter all the conveniences and comforts 
of life. 1713 STEELE Guardian No. 18 # x It would imbitter 
all the sweets of life. 1776 Gisson Decd. & F. I. 39 The 
last moments of Diocletian were embittered by some affronts. 
1820 Scott Aébot i, Two circumstances only had imbittered 
their union. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 38 His pros- 
perity was embittered by one insupportable recollection. 
1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) UI. vii. 89 An act which 
embittered the remainder of his days. . 

3. fig. To make more bitter or painful. 

1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. u. xxii. 142 He imbitters 
not a distastfull message to a forrein Prince by his indis- 
cretion in delivering it. 1781 Gipson Dec. & F. (1869) 11. 
xli. 516 His actual misery was embittered by the recollec- 
tion of past greatness. 1 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 85 
To aggravate and imbitter that real inequality. 1876 Green 
Short Hist. x.§ 4.801 His failure was embittered by heavier 
disasters elsewhere. A . 

4. fig. To render (persons or feelings) virulent, 
intensely hostile or discontented ; to exacerbate, 
intensify (a quarrel, etc.). 

1634 SANDERSON Serm. I. 65 The like censurings and de- 
spisings have imbittered the spirits. 1682 Burner Rights 
Princes ii. 31 Peoples minds were embittered one against 
another. 1748 ANson Voy. m1. iii. (ed. 4) 208 The Captain. . 
had much embittered the people against him. 1 ATSON 
Philip I1, (1793) 1. vit. 317 Putting them to death would 
only serve to embitter the resentment of the people. 1868 
E. Epwarps Ralegh 1. vi. 98 Personal ill-feeling of long 
standing. .further embittered the old quarrels. 

Embittered (embitaid), #f/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED|.] Made bitter, or more bitter. (Chiefly fig. ; 
cf. senses of the vb.) 

1655 Mitton Lett. State (1851) 33 Their imbitter’d and 
most implacable Enemies. fet Soutu 12 Sevm. (1717) 
V. 88 The Remorseless Malice of Imbitter’d Rebels. 1797 
Gopwin Enquirer 1. viii. 69 My temper becomes embittered. 
1849 Mitt Ess. (1859) 11. 364 The embittered denunciations 
against the circulars and proclamations. 

Hence + Embi'‘tteredness. Obs. 

1643 Tuckney Balme of G, 35 If imbitterednesse of spirit 
against God..can make it .. Englands present disease .. is 
grown pestilentially malignant. 

Embitterer (embi'téraz). [f. EMBITTER + -ER.] 
One who or that which embitters. 

1752  reragera in John Taylor Serm. (1789) 224 The fear 
of death has always been considered as the .. embitterer of 
the cup of joy. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk. 11. 12 Sitting to 
drink is..the embitterer of their enjoyments. 1884 ANNIE 
Swan Dor. Kirke xiv. 127 That old man is..an embitterer 
of the lives of others. oe 

Embittering (embi'térin), v4/. sd. [f. as prec. 
+-ING1.] The action of the verb EmBrrrTer. 

1617 Hizron Wes. II. 340 The vsing of euill speech hee 
[Saint James] likeneth to the imbittering . .of the Fountaine. 

Embittering (embi'térin), #//. a. [f as prec. 
+-InG%.] That embitters or tends to embitter. 

1746 Hervey Medit. (1818) 209 This embittering circum- 
stance would spoil their relish. 1872 Geo. Exior Middlem. 
ITI. tv. 356 The suspicion. .was embittering. did. IV. v. 
121 The imbittering discovery that, etc. 

ent (embi'taimént). [f. Eprrrer 
v. +-MENT.] The action of embittering ; the state 
of being embittered. 

1645 W. Jenxyn Sev. 37 Labour for a sanctified use of 
all embitterments or stoppa: 1809-10 CoLeripGe Friend 
(1818) III. 230 The usual embitterment of controversy. 1864 
Pusey Lect, Daniel 320 Two portions contending against 
each other with extremest embitterment. 

[f. En- + 


+Embla‘dder, v. Ols. rare. 
Buapper.] ¢vans, &. To cause vesicles to rise on 
the surface of (anything); to blister. b. To con- 
fine in a bladder. Hence Embla‘ddered {ti a. 
1662 CuanpLer Van Helmont's Oriat. 170 It doth not 
embladder a dead carcasse, even as it doth a living body. 
1664 Power E-xp.Philos, u.117 The Elater of the external Ayr 
. forces the embladder’d Ayr into its former extension. 
Embla‘nch, v. Oés. Also 4 enblaunch. 
[a. OF. emblanch-ir, f. en- (see En-) + blanc 
white; cf. BLANCH v.] ¢vans. To whiten. jig. 
1 Lanct. P. Pl. C. xvii. 269 


1662 Heviin 


Laud ( 
dye should be emblanched. 

Emblature. ? Mistake for EMBLAZURE. 

1606 G. W[ooncocke] Hist. Justine G g 2a, For whose 
honor there were Temples erected. .and i emblatures 


of his praises decreed. 
Emblaze (emblz'z), v.1 Also imblaze. [f. 
En- + BLAzE 56.1] 


veins. 
ightning kindled, the tall oaks im! . 
(embléiz), v.2 Also imblaze. [f. 
En- + BLAZE “7 
+1. a. trans. To describe heraldically. b, To set 
forth by means of heraldic devices. Cf. BuazE v.2 


1593 SHAKS. 2 Hen. VJ, 1v. x. 76 But thou shalt weare it 
as a Heralds coate, To emblaze the Honor that thy master 
got. 1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. vu. ii. (1632) 199 As Some 


of our Heralds have imblazed. 1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) 
Wks. 11. 157/2 Marke how I will emblaze thee .. Within 
a Q ire-field, two Toades in Chiefe. 1781 Westm. 
Mag. 1X. 386 The Herald touches the bright fee, T’ emblaze 
the brimstone of the vis-a-vis, 1782-1800 in Barry. 

2. To adorn with heraldic devices. Hence (and 
influenced by EmBLazeE v.!), to adorn magnifi- 
cently, make resplendent. 

1 Sxe.ton Why not to Court, With crowns of gold 
emblased They make him so amased. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
1. 533 Th’ ss Ensign .. With Gemms and Golden 


lustre rich imblaz’d Seraphic arms and Trophies. 1717 Pore 
Eloisa 136 No weeping orphan saw his er’s stores Our 
shrines irradiate, or emb! the floors. 1818 Mirman 


Samor 289 An enwoven tapestry of flame..emblaz’d Like 
hall of old barbaric Potentate. 

8. To inscribe or portray conspicuously. 

1590 GREENE O7/. Fur. Wks. 1831 1.5 Where stout Hercules 
Emblaz’d his trophies on two posts of brass. 1667 Mitton 
P. L.v. 592 Or in thir glittering Tissues bear imblaz’d Holy 


Memorials. 1742 Younc Mt. Th. 1x. 1660 Divine Instructor! | 


Thy first volume..In moon, and stars .. Emblaz‘d to seize 
the sight, 1808 J. Bartow Columéd, vi. 246 Here herald 
glory first emblazed her name. 

4. To inscribe (a person) on ‘the roll of fame’ 
(or of infamy); to celebrate, render famous or 
notorious. 

1596 Fitz-cerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 65 Drake hath 
no Homer to emblaze his glorie. 1609 Heywoop 7reia 
Brittanica in Farr’s S. P. Fas. (1848) 330 These harsh 
meeters..but to emblaze you, had yet nm vnborne. 16; 
J. Taytor (Water P.) Wks. 1. 144/1 A Scritch-owle’s quill 
. Shall emblaze thee basest slaue of men. 

Emblazer (emblé‘zaz). [f. Empuaze v.1, 2+ 
-ER.] He who or that which emblazes or illu- 
minates. 

1776 MickLe Camoens’ Lusiad 446 Apollo here enthroned 
in light appears The eye of heaven, emblazer of the spheres. 

Emblazon (embléizan), v. Also 7 emblazen, 
imblazon. [f. En- + Buazon v.] 

1. trans. To inscribe or portray conspicuously, 
as on a heraldic shield; to adorn or inscribe with 
heraldic devices, words, etc. it. and fig. Some- 
times influenced by EMBLAZE v.! 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 54 God .. emblazond the 
aire with the tokens of his terror. 1§96 Spenser /. Q. Iv. 
x. 55 On which .. Cupid with his killing bow And cruell 
shafts emblazond she beheld. 1735 Somervitte Chase u. 
85 Th’ Imperial Standard waves Emblazon’d rich with 

old. 31820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk, 1. 205 A carriage em- 
blazoned with arms. 1831 BLakey ¥ree-wwill (1848) 155 The 
orbs which emblazon the canopy of heaven. 

Voltaire (1886) He embl d it on ab % 

2. To celebrate, extol, ‘blaze abroad’; to render 
illustrious. 

1592 Nasue P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 18b, It is better for a 
Nobleman .. to haue his .. deedes emblazond by a Poet, 
than a Citizen. 1629 Gaute Pract. The. 31 Requisite it 
was our..King should have..his Prophets as Heraulds to 
emblazen his resse. 1720 WeLTon Suffer. Son 1. 


vii. 138 God emblazon’d..His Servants, by j 

Name to His own. 1761 New Comp. Festiv. § Fasts xxiv. 

213 Prejudice would have prompted to them to emb! 

the least appearence of fraud. 1819-30 Lincarp Hist. Eng. 

VI. 225 T eir success. .was emblazoned to catch the eye of 

the public. 1839 Loner. Coplas de Maur., Heroes em- 

blazoned high to fame. 
+Emblazon, s. Ods. [f . vb.] The 

delineation or heraldic description of armorial 

beari 


in m 
This sort of Emblazon is pro) 
Emblazoned embict 


Shields. @ 
Buiacktock Elegy, Constantia The herse Of wealthy gate 


(emblé-zonaz). [f. as prec. + 
-ER.] ame tee Pesaro 
ites Aili b 
of ie magnanimite, asthe Meorta Poste an Micros 
Fae pony 5M be 1738 I. 1 ut I step again to 


is Title: 
Emblazoning (emblz\zonin), 67. sd. [f as 


ORLEY . 


* 


EMBLEM. 
prec. +-1NG.!] The action of the vb, EMBLAZON ; 
concer. or heraldic decoration. 


1775 in As. 1820 Keats Eve St. Agnes xxiv, Twilight 
saints and dim i 

Emblazonment (emblézanmént). [f as 
prec. +-MENT.] The action of the vb. 5 
concr. an armorial ensign or heraldic device. 
ant, Corertwce Ode 4. Emblazonments 

old ancestral crests. 1818 Scott Le?. in La 
VI. 12, I have my quarters and emblazonments free of 
stain. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxv. (1856) 203 A flag- 
armorial emblazonment 


staff, with ts at the top. 
Em (emblét-zanri), Also imblazon- 
ry. [ prec. + -BY.] 


devices. b. concer. 
symbolic ornament. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1. B2 With bright imblazonrie, and 
horrent Fenced 1774 J. Bryant name Mee 345 nae 
is speaking of some u 

1815 W. While Doe ui. 91 The Banner in 


f, as 
1. a. The art of depicting or describing heraldic 
eraldic ear aaean Ieee ; 


Poems 112 Thine anci dard’s rich embl ye 

2. a. Display of colours; brilliant 
pictorial Se b. Verbal amplification 
or embellishment. 

1805 eee. Sane mt. (1850) 72 ape Fy ed 

lazonry. ‘ourse T.1, In hor- 
pt igus ttre i All shapes. .of hed 
1831 CARLYLE Sart. Res. (1858) 56 The Sun. .with his gold- 
aye mbl y: uaa BF = LIV. 273 It would 
injurious to spend wi in em lazonry. 
+ Embla-zure. Obs. rare—*. [f. EmBLaze v.2 
+-URE.] = EMBLAZONING. 

a Armorie (1597) 127 Vse themblazure thereof 
by heauens, fittest for the cote of so noble a prince. 1606 
[see EmpLature]. wees 

ble. Ods. rare—'. vation unknown: 
Markham’s reference is to OF. emdlaié (of a field) 
sown with wheat.] (See arp 

1631 Marxnam Weald of Kent u. i. (1668) 9 A Worm, 
called an Emble, which im French signifieth Gorn in the 


und. 
“Emblem (emblém), sb. Also 5-7 embleme. 
[ad. L. embdema inlaid work, a raised ornament 


on a vessel, a. Gr. €48Anya an insertion, f. éuBAn- 
perfect etc. stem of SuBaddew to throw in.] 

+1. An ornament of inlaid work. Oés. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Emblem, any fine work cunning! 
one ect ieee tte ae 
and tables. 1 Mitton P. LZ, 1v. 703 The ground more 
colour’d then with stone Of costliest ‘Emblen. 1678 in 
Puiurs. 1775 Asn, Zmdlem, an inlay, an enamel, that 
which is inserted into some other substance. 

+2. A drawing or picture expressing a moral 
fable or allegory; a fable or allegory such as 
might be pictorially. Ods. 

c 1430 Lypc. Chorle § Byrde (1818) 1 Emblemes of olde 
Ly ey ae Dronbtes (Ash) a 

uy te 
vias Racor an et cel Haake ae 
no doubt, to shew, 
An Emb! 


Bawwey, Emblem, a pi igma or rep 

some notion by way of device or picture. 

+b. abstr. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. 58 Embleme [one of the two 
nay pocochen ee 'y’] reduceth intellectuall 


to Images sensible. 

8. A picture of an object (or the object itself) 
serving as a symbolical representation of an ab- 
stract quality, an action, state of things, class of 

, ete. 
Suaxs. Ad's Weill n. i. 44 One 
his sicatrice an Embleme of warre 
1613 — Hen. VIII, w. i. 
France 1. + 
a ion, 1837 Newman Par. 
2) IIL. v. ox is thought to be the emblem 


or 31872 Yeats Tech. Hist. Comm. 69 The 
le or the was the emblem of woman. 


b. In wider sense: A 1, typical 
sentation. Sometimes Pee ges a Saeed ae 


SSH 
Be i 


i 


i 
S. 
g 
—~ 
i 
° 
= 


et ee 
~~ 


EMBLEM. 


1616 J. Lane Sovs. Tale 1x. (1888) 479 So after his dead 
lord was pale and cold, takes off his ensigne, which his em- 
blem bore. a 1682 Sir T, Browne 7vacts 78 This tree in 
after-times became the Emblem of that Country. 1828 
Scorr F. M. Perth xxviii, The Blue Falcon, the emblem of 
the Clan Quhele. 1841-4 Emrrson Zss., Poet Wks, (Bohn) 
I. 160 See the power of national emblems ..a crescent, a 
lion, an eagle, or other figure, on an old rag of bunting. 
1864 Boure.t Heraldry Hist. § Pop. ix. 53 The weapon 
represents the emblem of St. Paul. 

+5. In gl. The evidences of sex, Ods. 

x62x Frercuer Pilgrim iw. ii, Where are his emblems ? 

6. attrib. as in emblem-writer. 

Emblem (emblém), v. Also 7 embleme. 
[f. prec.] ¢vans. To be the emblem of (some- 
thing) ; to express, symbolize, or suggest by means 
ofanemblem., Also, Zo emblem forth. 

1584 G. WHETSTONE Mirour for Magistr. Epistle, etc., ad. 
fin. ¢x605 RowLey Birth Merl. wv. v. 344 Those by-form’d 
fires..emblem two royal babes. 1636 Hensuaw Hore Sud. 
28 Much knowledge, not much speech, emblem’s a wise man. 
1652 Sparke Prim. Devot. (1663) 314 To emblem forth his 
variety of operations. 1663 J. Seances Pedases (sts) 3r 
This mystery of Providence was emblemed in the prophetic 
vision ofa wheel. 1840 CartyLe Heroes iii. (1858) 257 All 
Christianism, as Dante and the Middle Ages had it, is 
emblemed here. 1845 Neate Mirr. Faith 84 And Holy 
Church hath Her banners high To emblem her Saviour’s 


Victory. ; 

Emblematic (emblémetik), a. [£ Gr. 

BaAnpar- stem of €uBAnya (see EMBLEM 50.) + -10.] 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, or serving as, 
an emblem; symbolical, typical. Const. of 

1645 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 206 The emblematic tree at 
the other passage out of the church. r7o2 tr. Le Clerc’s 
Prim. Fathers 54 Neither Christ nor his Apostles haue pro- 

sed any doctrine after an Emblematick manner. 1763 

eRrRICK Lett, (1767) II, 110 A monument .. enriched with 
..inscriptions, and emblematic sculptures. 1775 SHERIDAN 
Rivals and Prol., View her. .primly portray’d on emblematic 
wood! 1808 Scorr Marm. iv. viil. 10 And on his finger 
given to shine The emblematic ring. 1831 CartyLe Sart. 
Res. (1858) 43 Clothes .. are Emblematic .. of a manifold 
cunning Victory over Want. 1876 Moztey Univ. Sermt. vi. 
130 A process in the mind of man... makes material sights 
and objects first beautiful and then emblematic. 

Emblematical, a. [f. prec. +-au.] =prec. 

1644 BuLwer Chirol. 77 A spice of their authority more 
strong then their emblematicall Mace. 1679 J. GoopMaN 
Penitent Pard. 1. ii. (1713) 45 An emblematical represent- 
ation of God’s unspeakable mercy. 1709 STEELE & Appi- 
son Tatler No. 81 #6 Gorgons, Chimzra’s, and Cen- 
taurs, with many other Emblematical Figures. 1726 
Avpison Dial. Medals i. 31 Such reverses as are purely em- 
blematical. 1843 Prescotr Mexico (1850) I. 107 Dances and 
games were instituted, emblematical of the regeneration of 
the world, 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast, Ord. (1863) 
485 These large emblematical wings. 

Hence + Emblema‘ticalness. Ods. 

1731 in Baiwey. 1775 in Asu. 

mblema ‘tically, adv. [f. prec. eae In 
an emblematical manner; after the manner of, for 
the purpose of, or by means of an emblem. 

1607 TorsetL Four-f. Beasts 8 Baboons .. some which 
abhor fishes .. which kind the Egyptians Emblematically 
use to paint. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 118 The de- 
struction of the city..is emblematically represented in bass 
relief. 1886 Manch. Exam. 16 Feb. 5/3 Whether this work 
of art was intended to be taken literally or emblematically. 

Emblematicize (emblémz'tisaiz), v. rare. 
[f. EmBLeMati0+-1ZE.] trans. To impart an em- 
blematic or allegorical character to. 

1762-71 H. Wavpote Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 
131 His pictures, which he generally endeavoured to em- 
blematicize by genii and Cupids. | 

Emblematist (emblematist). [f. Gr. éuBdn- 
par- stem of &uBAnua (see EMBLEM) + -IST.] 
a. One who invents or makes use of pictorial 
emblems. b. One who composes allegories; an 
emblem-writer. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. v. iii. 236 The pictures of 
Emblematists in the coats of severall families. 1679 PLor 
Staffordsh. (1686) 262 The Emblematists usually exprest 
fecundity by that Animal [the Goat]. 1861 Sat, Rev, Py 
591 Hearts, and darts, and butterflies, and crosses, and 
crowns have always formed the stock in trade of Em- 
blematists. 1870 LoweLt Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 138 
Alciato, the famous lawyer and emblematist. 

Emblematize (emble'mitsiz), v, [f. as prec. 
+-IZE.] 

1. “vans. Of things: To serve as an emblem of ; 
to express or represent mystically, allusively, or 
allegorically. 

1615 W. Hutt Mirrour of Maiestie 134 The vanity of 
these fading crownes was emblematized by that solemne 
ceremonie. ¢ 1630 Jackson Creed v. § 4% A worse error 
than can rightly be emblematized by Ixion’s fabulous 
imaginations. 1823 Lams in Life §& Lett. (1840) xii. 119 
The goose and little poslings should emblematise a Quaker 
poet that has no children. 1870 Goursurn Cathedral 
Syst. iii. 37 The tabernacle and temple worship was 
framed to emblematize the worship of heaven. 

2. Of persons: To represent by means of an 
emblem ; to figure. 

1830 Morr in Fraser’s Mag. 11. 408 The American poet, 
who emblematizes departing man, as folding his mantle 
round him, and lying down to sheen dreams. 1854 
Blackw. . LX XVI. 509, I emblematised civilisation, in 
the Chinese lady in japan-gilt frame. 

Hence Emble‘matizing ///. a. 

175: Mrs. Montacu Le##, III, 173 The good man .. to 


109 


an cmablemnatiaing genius would have afforded an ample 
subject. 

pape eEASClORY (emblématplédzi). [f. as 
prec. +-(0)LoGy.] The science of the origin and 
meaning of emblems. 

1881 Oracle 5 Nov. 294 The student of Christian emblem- 
atology. 

Emblement (e‘mblémént). Zaw. Forms: 5 
inblement, 6 emblemente, 7 embleament, 8- 
emblement. [a. OF. emblaement, f. emblaer, 
(mod.F. emblaver) to sow with corn :—med. L. 
imbladare (It. imbiadare), f. in in + bladum (=F. 
blé) wheat.] 

‘The profits of sown land: but the word is 
sometimes used more largely for any products 
that arise naturally from the ground as grass, 
fruit, etc.’ (Tomlins). 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 61. § 3 All fermours. .[shall] have 
suche Inblementis and Cornys as be sowyn theruppon. 1590 
H. Swinsurn 7veat. Test, 218 Emblementes, or corne grow- 
ing vpon the ground. 1641 Termes de la Ley 133b, Em- 
bleaments are the profits of the land which have beene sowed. 
1741 T. Rosinson Gavelkind u. ii. 167 The Lessee shall not 
have the Emblements. 1855 H. Broom Comm. Com. Law 
15 The general rule of law concerning emblements. 

mbleming (e'mblémin), vé/. sd. [f. Em- 
BLEM v.+-ING1.] The action of the vb. EMBLEM. 

1 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 257 How unconscious of any 
embleming ! : 

+Emble-mish, v. 0ds. Forms: 4 enblem- 
isch, emblemysh, -ysch, 6 emblemmissh, 
-bleamish, 7 imblemish. [f. En- + BLEMISH; 
AFr. had emblemir.] trans. a. To damage, 
injure, maim; b. to deface, disfigure. 

¢ 1384 Wycur Sed, Wks. III. 362 And bi sich blyndenesse 
in cursing many curseris emblemyshen hemsilf, c 1385 
Cuaucer L. G. W., Lucrece (Camb. MS.) And hire teris 
..Emblemyschid [other texts embellished] hire wifly chas- 
tite. 1548 Hatt Chron, (1809) 137 1 fele my name and fame 
greatly emblemmisshed. 1575 Lanenam Let. (1871) 36, I 
.-by my fond tempring afore hand embleamish the beauty. 
1671 F. Puituiprs Keg. Necess. 472 The said Richard Chedder 
was imblemished and maimed to the peril of death. 

Hence Emble‘mishing v0/. sé. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 406/1 The great emblemishing 
of Christian faith, 

+E-mblemist. Ods. [f. Emprem+-1sr.] A 
delineator or writer of emblems. 

1607 WaLkincTon Oft. Glass P 1b, Other Emblemists 
haue limd forth a right student, euer to haue one eye 
shut, and an other open. 1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Wés, 
u, 120/1 Answer a deprauing Emblemist. 

Emblemize (e'mblemaiz),v. [f.asprec. + -1ZE.] 

1. trans. To represent emblematically. 

1646 J. Vicars (¢2¢/e) Sight of the Transactions of these 
Latter Yeares, Emblemized with Engraven Plates. 1639 
Barcray Lost Lady 1. i, in Hazl. Dodsé. X11. 548 "T'would 
emblemize, but not express his grief. 1881 W. C. RusseLy 
Ocean Free-Lance 11, 129 Nothing would better emblemise 
the happiness she had given me. 

2. To make into a sign or badge. 

1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. Cijb, The arms of the russia 
company, emblemised. 

Emblic (emblik). Forms: 6 emblico, 7 
emblick. [ad. med.L. emblica, -tcus, ad. Ar. \ 


a * 
amlaj a. Pers. shel dmleh, cf. Skr. dmalaka of 
same meaning.] The fruit of Zmdlica officinalis, 
a tree of the N.O. Luphorbiacex, whose flowers 
are aperient, leaves and bark a remedy against 
dysentery. Also Emblic myrobalan. 

1555 EDEN Decades W. Ind. iii. 1v. (Arb.) 151 Mirobalanes 
..which the phisitians caule Emblicos and Chebulos. 1678 
Satmon Lond. Disp. 136/2 The five sorts of Myrobolans.. 
the Emblick purge Flegm and Water. 1708 Mottreux Ratle- 
Zais u. xiv, A Boxfull of conserves, of round Myrabolan 
plums, called Emblicks. 1811 Hooper Med. Dict., The 
emblic Myrobalan is of a dark blackish ed colour. 

+ Emblind, v. Ods. [f. En- + Buinp a.] trans. 
= BLIND. 

1630 I. Craven Serm. 17 Man may .. be .. emblinded 
through affection. 

+ Embli'ss, v. Ods. rare. Also 5 enblisse. 
[f. Ex- + Buiss.] ¢vans. To make happy, bless. 

©7483 Lyne. Bochas u1. xxvi. (1554) 61b, Nombre of childre 
t’ enblisse his linage. c 1725 Frevpinc Pleas. of Town Wks. 
‘iss 


1775 1. 228 How I’llemblissthee. 1797. Townsenp Poems 
(Monthly Rev. 463 E i to this 
author]. 

+Embloom (emblzm), v. Obs. [f. En-+ 
Broom sé.] trans. To cover with bloom ; to im- 
part a fresh or ruddy appearance to. 

@ 1528 SketTon PA, Sparowe1038 Her lyppessoft and mery, 
Emblomed lyke the chery. 1729 Savace Wanderer v, 
Embloomed his aspect shines. 

Emblossom, imblossom (em-, imblg'sam), 
v. [f. Ex-+ Bossom sd.] ¢vans. To load or cover 
with blossoms. Hence Emblo‘ssomed /7/. a. 

1766 J. CunnincHAM Day 33 The warbling throng, On the 
white emblossom’d ony ! 82x Blackw. Mag. X. 651 
The wreaths that would our brows emblossom. 1855 BAILEY 
Mystic 115 The whisperings of imblossomed trees. 

+ Emblu'stricate, v. Ods. [Whimsically 
formed to render the equally fantastic Fr. embure- 
lucoguer.| trans. To bewilder. 

@ 1693 Urquuart Rabelais m1. xxii, The Romish church, 


d is a word p 


EMBODY. 


when tottering and emblustricated with the Gibble Gabble 
Gibberish of this odious Error. 

+ Emboa‘st, v. Ods. [cf. Emposs v., Empos- 
TURE.] trans. ? To carve (on a building). 

1575 Fenton tr. Guevara in Golden Epistles 72 Men beare 
more honor to the Sepulchres of the vertuous, then to the 
emboasted Palaices of the wicked. 1579 — tr. Guicciar- 
dini’s Hist. Ital. 1070 Skootchions. .affixed and emboasted 
to the publike pallaices. 

+Emboa‘t, v. Ods. In 6 enbote [f. En- +Boar 
sb.] trans. To put on board a boat. 

1542 Stat. 34 § 35 Hen. VIII, cap. 9 § 2 No person shall 
enbote or lade any Wheate. .in any picard bot or other vessell. 

+ Embo'ck, v. Ods. rare—}. [ad. It. zmboccare, 
f, in in + bocca mouth.] trans. To stop up the 
mouth of (a cannon). 

1598 Barret 7heor. Warres, v. ii. 130 The Cannoneras 
+;may not bee embocked or stopped vp. . 

Embodied, imbodied (embg'did), A//. a. 
[f. Empopy v. +-ED 1.] 

1. Of ‘soul’ or‘ spirit’: Having a body, invested 
with a body. 

a. 1652 Bentowes Theofh, vi. 1xxxix. 120 O, could em- 
body’d Soules Sinnes bane view well. 1719 De For Crusoe 
(1840) I. iii. 58 Spirits embodied have converse with. . spirits 
unembodied. 1783 Jounson Le?t. II. 304 External locality 
has great effects, at least upon all embodied beings. 1839 
Baitey Festus ii, (1848) 12 A spirit, or embodied blast of 
air. 1870 Max Miter, Sc. Relig. (1873) 365 As men, we 
only know of embodied spirits. 1880 # Kirke Gazjfield, 
27 The embodied spirit of treason and slavery. 

B. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. 243 Words that cannot be.. 
understood by an imbodyed Understanding. 176 . WESLEY 
Serm. Wks. 1811 IX. 148 An imbodied spirit cannot form 
one thought, but by the mediation of its bodily organs. 

2. Of principles, ideas, etc.: a. Expressed or 
exhibited in material or concrete form; b. incor- 
porated into a system. 

1663 J. SPENCER Prodigies (1665) 137 There is a great deal 
of imbodied Art in Nature. 1799 Mackintosu Stud. Law 
Nat. Wks. 1846 I. 364 The embodied experience of man- 
kind. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 37 The individual fol- 
lows reason, and the city law, which is embodied reason. 

3. Formed or combined into a militant body or 
company ; arrayed, marshalled. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1. 573 Such imbodied force, as, nam’d 
with these, Could merit more than that smallinfantry. 1715 
Pore /iiad 11.540 Not less their number than the embodied 
cranes. 1798 Martuus Pou, (1817) I]. 11 The number 
of embodied troops. 1827 HALLAM Const. Hist. (1876) I. iv. 
179 The advocates of a simpler ritual had by no means as- 
sumed the shape of an embodied faction, 

Embodier (embg'dija1). [f. Empopy v. + -ER.] 
One who or that which embodies. 

1654 R. WuitLock Zootomia Sig. a. Those Embodyers 
of Arts..into the limits of their proper method. 1854 
Blackw. Mag. UX XV. 752 Claude. .the embodier of ‘foolish 
pastoralism’, 1870 LowELL Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 165 
His native tongue as the embodier and perpetuator of it. | 

Embodiment, imbodiment (em-, imbg’di- 
mént). [f. Empopy v. + -MENT.] 

1, The action of embodying; the process or 
state of being embodied. “¢, and fig. 

1858 Hawrtuorne Fr. & Jt. Frnl. Il. 19 As long as a 
beautiful thought shall require physical embodiment. 1862 
F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 125 Souls. .condemned, by 
reason of sin, to repeated embodiment. 1881 A theneus 
No. 2811. 348/2 No less admirable is Herr Reichmann’s 
embodiment of Wolfram. 

2. concr. That in which (something) is embodied. 

a. The corporeal ‘vesture’ or ‘habitation’ of 
(a soul). Also fig. 

1850 Wurrpte Ess. § Rev. (ed. 3) 1. 311 This fiery spiritual 
essence was enclosed in a frame sensitive enough to be its 
fit embodiment. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. i. (1875) 
13 The soul of truth contained in erroneous creeds is very 
unlike most. .of its several embodiments. ; 

pb. That in which (a principle, an abstract idea, 
etc.) is embodied, actualized, or concretely ex- 
pressed. Also applied (with some reference to 
sense a.) to persons: The embodied type, ‘ incar- 
nation’ (of a quality, sentiment, etc.). 

1828 CARLYLE AMisc. (1857) I. 117 The most striking em- 
bodiment of a highly remarkable belief. 1835 Miss Mit- 
ForD in L’Estrange Life (1870) III. iii. 30 Jack and Stephen 
..are..an embodiment of my notion of an English sailor, 
and of a..tradesman. 1855 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Hist. iv. 
133 He is the imbodiment of the most genuine national 
feeling. 1868 E. Epwarps Ra/egh I. i. 22 To Ralegh, the 
Spanish empire and polity became the very types and em- 
bodiments of evil. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 141 
Works of art. .the visible embodiment of the divine. 

Embody, imb (em-, imbp'di), v. [f. EN-, 
In- + Bopy sé. The form zmédody is the only one 
recognized in Bailey and Johnson (though the 
latter uses embody s.v. Incorporate), but is now 
less usual.] : 

1. trans. To put into a body ; to invest or clothe 
(a spirit) with a body. 

a. 1348 Gest Pr. Masse 86 No more then the sayd holy 

host is adjudged embodied or enharted. @ 1699 BonNeELL in 
W. Hamilton Life (1703) n. 134 My Saviour mpregnated 
the Consecrated Elements, and in a manner Embody’d him- 
self there. 1727 De For Hist. Appar. iv. (1840) 26 hether 
are there any spirits inhabiting the visible world, which 
have: never yet been embodi 1729 KE Tales, 
Proposals, etc. 44 Would She embody’d to thy Arms return? 
1 Hawtuorne Fr. § Jt, Frnis, YW. 10 A pale, small 
person, scarcely embodied at all. 1869 J. MarTINEAU 


EMBOG. 


£ss, 11. 291 In him the old scholastic spirit seems embodied 
again. 

B. 1600 Hevwoop 1 Edw’, JV (1874) 1. 27 Such haughtie 
stomacks .. Imbodied in the breasts itizens. 1610 
Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God 561 Devills beeing imbodyed 
in_ayre can. .moove it. Fs 

2. To impart a material, corporeal, or sensual 
character to. rave. + Also intr. for reft. 

i Mitton Comus 468The sole. . Imbodies, andimbrutes, 
till she quite lose The divine p of her first being. 
1652 S. Patrick Fun, Serm. in F. Smith's Sel. Disc. 555 
Do not imbody and enervate your souls by idleness and base 
neglect. 1833 Fraser’s Mag. 575 Spirituality of mind 
enables them to conceive those mysteries with a pure devo- 
tion, without the danger of embodying and imbruting them. 

3. To give a concrete form to (what is ab- 
stract or ideal); to express (principles, thoughts, 
intentions) 7 an institution, work of art, action, 
definite form of words, etc. 

a. 1750 JouNnson Rambl. No. 168 P 5 Poetry, that force .. 
which embodies sentiment. 1815 WELLINGTON Gurw. Disp. 
XIL. 455 I have not yet been able to embody in a treaty 
the principles of this arrangement. 1847 Grote Greece 1. 
xlviii. (1862) IV. 267 The custom having been embodied in 
law. 1848 Dickens Domébey i, The blue coat and stiff 
white cravat which. .embodied her idea of a father. 1866 
Rocers Agric. § Prices I. xxiv. 615 A popular notion, 
embodied in a rhyming couplet. 

B. 1742 Ricuarpson Pamela lV. 111 What Words shall be 
found to imbody Air? 1846 Hawtnorne, Mosses 1. v. 110 
One century imbodied it in marble. 1859 HoLLtanp Gold F. 
v. 74 When this conception is imbodied in an object of 
worship, = : 

b. Of institutions, works of art, actions, forms 
of words, etc.: To be an embodiment or expres- 
sion of (an idea, principle, etc.). 

1876 Miss Brappon ¥. Haggard’s Dau. 11.64 This house 
. Was to embody her idea of home. P 

4. To cause to become part of a body; to unite 
into one body; to incorporate (a thing) in a mass 
of material, (particular elements) in a system or 
complex unity. 

160r Saks. Ad’'s Well y. iii. 173 For I by vow am so em- 
bodied yours. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth ww. 
(1723) 192 We shall meet with the same Metall or Mineral 
embody'd in Stone. 1724 A. Cottins Gr. Chr. Relig. 190 
The apostate Jews, among whom..some of the Samaritans 
.. became embody’d. 1799 Mackintosu Stud. Law Nat, 
Wks. 1846 I. 385 Yet so much of these treaties has been 
embodied into the general law of Europe. 

+b. intr. for reff. Obs. 

1692 tr. Sad/ust 8 Incredible it is to think how easily they 
{different tribes] embody’d. 

c. trans. Of a complex unity: To include, 
comprise (such or such elements). 

1847 Mepwin Shelley I. 29 Blue books. .embodied stories 
of haunted castles, bandits, murderers. 1869 Daily News 
18 Dec., The measure embodies of course the six points of 
the League’s educational charter, 1876 J. H. Newman //ist. 
Sk. 1. 1. iv. 198 Mahometanism certainly..embodies in it 
some ancient and momentous truths, 

+5. Chem. and Phys. a. trans. To form into 
one body. b. zntr. for ref. To coalesce, draw 
together, solidify. Ods. 

1660 Boyce New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxv. 264 The 
Bubbles. .imbodyed themselves. .into one. 1662 H. Stusse 
Ind, Nectar iii. 26 These Corpuscles did never embody into 
greater quantities. 1 W. Harris tr. Lemery’s Course 
Chym. 1. xvi. (1686) 376 The spirit of wine being a sulphur 
does unite and imbody with those that remain. c 1682 J. CoL- 
Lins Making of Salt 54 It will naturally Embody in the Sun, 
and become a substance like Salt. 1709 Brit. Apollo 11. 
No. 12. 2/2 An Alimentary Liquor..doth embody with the 
Blood. 1710 T. Futter Pharm, Extemp. 27 Heating the 
Oils a little .. adding the oil of Vitriol..and stirring ’till all 
are embodied together, 

6. trans. To form into a body or company for 
military or other purposes ; to organize. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. u. xi. (1739) 63 The Arm 
embodied within the Kingdom. ay Vines Lord's Supp. 
(1677) 265 Holy persons might. .em! themselves into a 
Church. 1779 T. Jerrerson Corr, Wks. 1859 I. 218 The 
troops were never before so healthy since they were em- 
bodied. 1838-42 Arno_p Hist. Rome II11. xliv. 201 Livius 
. embodied the ap eae ofthe town. 1873 Burton His/. 
Scot.VI. lxx. 174 The forces. .may now be considered as em- 
bodied against each other. ie 

b. intr. for vefl. To form or join a body or 
company for military or other purposes. 

1648 Cromwett Let. 20 Aug. (Carlyle), I have..ordered 
Colonel Scroop with five troops of horse and two troops 
of dragoons, with two regiments of foot, to embody with 
them. 1661 Lond. Allarum 3 iyi Army secretly entred into 
a Combination..to meet and im at their appointed 
Rendevouz. 1681 Moores Baffled 16 tHe) comman the 
Horse to Embody within the Lines. 1770 
Discont. Wks. 1842 1. 133 Firmly to embody 
court y- 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. I. 669 
embodied in armed parties, 

7. trans. To impart ‘body’ to (painting) ; to 
paint with a full body of colour... 

1784 J. Barry Lect. Art, vi. (1848) 223 His [Vandyck’s] 
ieee are..well embodied with colour, 

ence Embo-dying vd/. sb. and ffi. a. 
1676 W. Row Contn, Blair's Autobiog. xi. (1848) 291 The 
embodying of Scotland into one Ith with Eng- 
land. Eart Orrery Art of War 182 To prevent all 
considerable Imbodyings to resist him. x - Barry Lect. 
Art vi. (1848) poet (4 t..embodying lour..may be 


is ever 


Burke Pres. 
inst this 
tories... 


iven as goon. 1791 Phil. Trans. UXXXI. 179 Water 
the embodying principle of all elastic fluids. 
Embog (embg'g), v. Also 7 embogge, imbog, 


110 


g embogue. [f. En- + Boe sb.] ¢vans. To plunge 
into « bog ; to hempes ae “it. and es 
160z Best in Farr S. P. Ziis. ( m! " 
he shall be, where he shall see But horror and 
feare. 1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. 64 He was .. 
constrained .. to himselfe in the kers and 
Vsurers bookes. 1 ESLEY in Wés. 1872 11.256 Attempt- 
ing to ride over Sane: ay ape, wen geetes Se 
bogged. 1867 NV. Brit. Daily Mail 30 Sept., valle 
was so soft that iia big gens would have bectens sushogeed 

1888 Daily Tel. 1 June 5/2 Embogued in a morass. 

+ Emborgue, v. Obs, [? corruptly ad. Sp. em- 
bocar, £. em- + boca mouth.) = DisEMBoGUE. 

Hence + Emboguing v//. sb., the place where 
a lake or river discharges itself. Ods. 

1603 Frorio Montaigne (1634) 113 The emboguing [Fr. 
emboucheure) of the Meotis fennes. 

+ Emboi'l. Also 6 emboyl. Ods. rare. [f. EN- 
+ Bon.) a. trans. To cause to boil orto agitate 
with rage. b. intr. To be in a boil or agitation. 

159° Spenser F, Q. 1. xi. 28 Emboyled, grieued, brent. 
Tbid. u. iv. 9 The Knight emboyling in his haughtie hart. 

|| Emboitement (aibwatman). (Fr. 3; f. em- 
botter to enclose in a box, f. en- in + dofte box. 

1. Anat. The fitting of a bone into another. 

1854 Owen Skel. & Teeth (1855) 32 This kind of ‘ emboite- 
ment’ of the occipital in the etal vertebra. 

2. Biol. Used by Buffon to describe the hypo- 
thesis of the generation of living things, according 
to which successive generations are produced by 
the successive development of living germs which 
lie one within the other (Syd, Soc. Lex.). 

3. The closing up of a number of men in order 
to secure the front rank from injury. 

In Mod. Dicts. 

+ Emborld, v. Os. Also 5-6 enbold, 7 im- 
bold. [f. En- + Botp.] ¢vans. To make bold, 
embolden ; to incite, encourage. 

e400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 273 b/t Mine heart began som- 
deale to be enbolded. 1§36in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App 
Ixxv. Bee she..examined..who did embold..her therunto. 
1556 J. Hevwoop Spider & F. |x. 180 The selfe sight of this 
force shall you soenbold. 1598 Sytvester Du Bartas 891 
Bind and imbold mee once more to present My humble 
briefs in form of Parliament. F : 

Embolden, imbolden (em-, imbéldon), z. 
Also 6 enbolden, -bowlden, 6-7 emboulden, 
-bowlden. [f. En-, Iv-+ BoLD+-EN.] “vans. To 
render bold or more bold; to hearten, encourage. 

a. 1571 Campion //ist, /rel. (1633) 2 Ep. Ded., I am em- 
bouldned to present them to your rei ag, patronage. 
1583 IT. Stocker 7ragicadl Hist. 1. 109b, We.. are en- 
baldened to exhibite a certeine supplication. 1§97 J. Payne 
Royal Exch. 46 He enbowldeneth the erringe.-hart to 
suffer for error. 1667 Mitton P. L. vu. 434 Thus I 
embold’nd spake. x Appison Tatler No. 100 P 4 Their 
Aspects were so.. saicldened with Resolution. 1818 Jas. 
Miut Brit, India I. v. iii. 403 The Bombay Presidency 
were more emboldened in their importunity. 1860 Ma- 
cauLay Biog. (1867) 88 The affronts which his poverty em- 
boldened .. low-minded men to offer to him. 

B. 1586 T. B. La Primaud, Fr. Acad. 1.(1589) 218 Am- 
bition. .imboldeneth [the son] to seeke his destruction of 
whom he holdeth his life. 1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. x. 201 
Their lookes imboldned, modestie now gone. 1741 RicHARD- 
son Pamela III. 231 Whether. .my k, my Dress, my 
Appearance ..imbolden such an affrontive Insolence. 1854 

. Aspot Nafoleon (1855) 1. xxv. 406 The. .inconvenience of 
imboldening..the foes of the consular government. A 

Hence Embo‘ldener, one who or that which 
emboldens. Embo:ldening vé/. sb. and ffi. a. 

1847 Craic, Emboldener, 1882 Stevenson Treasure Isl. 
iv, Argument is a great emboldener. 1§03 Act. 19 Hen. VI 
c. 10 Small fines have been. .set to the..great emboldening 
of the said Offenders. 3578 in W.H. Turner Select. Rec. 
Oxford 364 Another imbok eninge of evill persons. 1628 

THER, Brit. Remembd. wi. 248 But, rather, lesse imbold- 
ning then before. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (ed. 3) I. v. 
297 There was nothing. .but. .emboldening of their foes. 

+Emborldish, v. Ods. rare. In 6 enboldish, 
[f. Ex- + Boun, after words like impoverish.] =Em- 
BOLDEN, 

1502 ArNoLDE Chyon, (1811) 293 They that were disposid to 
do disobeysance were. .enb ldiehid inted enb ldrshid }. 

Hence + Embo'ldishment, Oés., in 6 inboldish- 
ment, [see -MENT.] = EMBOLDENING v6/. sd. 

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c, 20. § 2 To the greate inboldissh- 
ment of. . mysgoverned persons disobereng your lawes, 

|| Embole (e'mbdl:). Jed. [mod, L., a. Gr. 
éuBody a throwing or putting in, f. guBddAay to 
throw in, f. éy in by acer to throw. 

+1. The reducing of a dislocated limb. Ods. 

1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., Embole, the reduction or setting 
of a dislocated bone. 1860 Mayne £.xf. Lex., Embole, a 
term formerly used for the reduction of a dislocation, 

2. ‘A plug or wedge’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

3. = Empowus (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Embolic (embplik), a. Pathol. [f. Ewsor-vs 
+504 Relating to or caused by an embolus. 

1866 A. Fut Princ. Med. (1880) 3 multiple abscesses 
in pyxmia are, for the most part, or embolic origin, 
ing & Sev. Pathol. Anat. 270 Embolic softening is 
lesion most frequently discovered. 

+ Embolimecal, 2. Ods. rare—'.  [f. Gr. &p- 
Bodtpat-os of same meaning (cf, EMBOLISM) + -AL.] 
Intercalary. So ++ Embolime‘an [see -an], Em- 
bolime‘ar [see -ar]. 


EMBOLNE. 
1677 Cary Chronol. 1. 1. 1. iv. 11 Differences of 
some ordi and common, others Embolimzal. 


nary "at 
tr. Crews sae 1s To this on Inter- 
calary or iboltamnan Senchs. pus horse ‘ath. Dict. 
Embolimean is chiefly used in speaking of the additional 
ees fi 
‘ARY Chronol. 1, 1. 1. xii. 46 They 


ys. 
, a. Obs. rare. 
Bodip-aios (see prec.) + -ARY.] = prec. 
2 Wuiston The. Earth u. (1722) 178 Each year had 
po it e Lunar Months..no Embolimary Month being 
en 

Embolism (embéliz’m). [ad. L. emdolismus, 
a. late Gr. éuBodropds intercalation, f. éuBorh, éu- 
Bodos ; cf. EMBOLE, Empoxvs.] 

1. Chronol. The periodical intercalation of a day 
or days in the calendar to correct the error arising 
from the difference between the civil and the solar 
year. concr. A period of time so intercalated. 

1387 Trevisa Hig (Rolls) IIL. 259 Not pe 3ere of pe 
sonne, nober of emboli 1596 Bett Surv. Poperyt. mi. 
iv. 107 To make emboli and ii lati: a 1638 
Mepe Wks. 1m. iv. S89 mare Count the Embolism of 5 days. 
1679 Pior Staffordsh. (1686) 426 An Embolisme of 30 days 
or a full Month must needs be made this year. 
a Marspen in PAil. Trans. LXXVIII. 417 The year of 
= a — = twelve —e months. .no em- 

ism being employed to adjust it to solar period. 
Hutton Math. Dict. s. v. Sodalinaen in ja" 
+b. attrib. (in quot. quasi- y.). Ss. 

1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. H. vij, Ane moneth .. 
addit to y*t 3ere..makis y’ same..to be callit embolisme. 

+2. (nonce-use. See quot.) 

1772 Nucent tr. Hist. Friar Gerund 1. 435 All he has 
written is a mere embolism or insertion foreign 
absurd matter. 

3. Pathol. [cf. Empouus.] (See suet.) 

1855 H. Spencer Prine. Psychol. (1872) 1. 1. iv. 73 Embol- 
ism..a plugging up of an artery with lated blood 
1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 431 Embolism is a some- 
— affection sed ists in the occlusion of a 
vessel. 


+Embolisme:an, a. Obs. rare}. 
form of EMBOLIMAN, after EMBOLISM. 


1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) 1.11 The Embolismzan or 
Intercalated Years. 


+ Emboli‘smal, a. 0s. Chronol. [f. Emporis 
+-AL.] That pertains to embolism or intercala- 
tion. a. Of a year: That is lengthened by inter- 
calation. b. Ofa month: That is intercalated. 

1681 Wuarton Disc. Years etc. Wks. (1683) 72 This year is 
two-fold, viz. — containing 12 rGpyF or Lunations 

bo! 


Incorrect 


or Embolismal, whi h 13. Piotr Sta, ordsh. 
(1686) 426 There must needs be 7 Em ismal months, 

+ Embolisma‘ti a. Obs.—° [f. Gr. &p- 
Bodiopar- stem of éuBddropa + -ICAL.] = prec. 

1736 in Baiey. 1775 in Asn. 

mbolismic (embolizmik), a. Chronol. [f. 
EMBOLISM + -1C.] = EMBOLISMAL, 

B , Embolismic, intercalary. Embolis- 
mie belonging io’ an omvallam, lanewosieny taped Pomme 
in Archwol. XLIV. 146 The signs and symbols of the 
thirteen months of the Anglo-Saxon embolismic . 1876 
Prayer-bk. Interleaved 5x All but one of the itional or 
embolismic lunations, Br. S. Butcner Zecles. Cal. 59. 

Hence + Emboli-smical, a. Ods.—° = prec. 

1736 in Baitey. 1775 in Asn. 

| Embolismus (embcli‘zmis). [L.; see Em- 
BOLISM. ] 

+1. Chronol. a. The excess of the solar year 
above the lunar year of twelve synodical months. 
b. Intercalation. Oés. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. 1x. iv. (2495) 348 Embolis- 
mus is encreasynge and excesse by the whyche gt tae 
the sunne passyth the yere of mone. 1796 Hurron 
Math, Dict., Embolismus. signifies intercalation. 

2. In the Greek liturgy: A prayer inserted after 
the concluding petitions of the Lord’s Prayer. 

1872 O. Suirtey Gloss. Eccl. Terms 476 Said..after the 
embolismus at i 


Easter-tide. 

bolite (e‘mbélait). Afin. [f. Gr. tuBda-cov 
an intermediate + -1TE; ‘because between the 
chlorid and bromid of silver’ ae ‘A chloro- 
bromide of silver, Ag’ Br?Cl*, It is perfectly 
malleable; has a resinous and somewhat ada- 
mantine lustre, = Senn in — phe i 
green to pistachio, olive, and greyish-green’ 
(Watts De Chem’, ee attrib, Pattee 

IANA JZ 27. m te. -crystals are 

contains calc spar 1868 /bid. (1880) 116 Vorieries of 
embolite based on the proportion of bromid to chlorid. 

Embolite, error for EmBeir. 

1560 ed. Chaucer, Astrolabe 251/1. 

+ Emboliza‘tion. Ods. rare—". Chronol. [f. 
*embolize (deduced from EmBotism) + -ATION.] 
Intercalation, 

1677 Cary Chronol. 1,1. 1. xii. 46 Which Embolisation must 
have some Analogy with the Greek Mode. 

+Emborlne, v. Oés. Also 5-6 enbolne. [f. 
En- + Botnk.] ¢rans. To cause to swell or rise ; 


Jig. to puff up. Hence Embo'lning v/. sd. 

1430 Lypc. 1. ix, With yrous herte en| 
all with pride. c 1525 TON . 1862 II. 232 
Sa dg one nowe a dayes en! with ‘ n 
blast moche vayne wynde. 
Nasne Christ's 7. 14b, - ey 


EMBOLON, 


ayre, with roring and howling [they] darte themselues on 
euery Rocke. 1692 in Cores. 1775 AsH, Embolned, swelled. 

I] Embolon (e‘mbdlgn). Pathol. [f. Gr. éuBorov 
a peg, stopper.] = EMBoLus 2. 

31878 A. Hamitton Verv. Dis.138 A large embolon plugs up 
some such artery as the middle cerebral. 

+Embo'lster, v. 00s. rare. Also imbolster. 
[f. Ex- + Bonster.] ¢vans. To bolster out, to pad 
(see BotsteR 2d). Hence Embo‘lstering vbl. sb. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 144 The women. .adding 
more Bauines ynto it [beauty] of lasciuious embolstrings. 
1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentlewom. (1641) 301 That..em- 
bolsters her decayed brests, to purchase a sweetheart. 1632 
W. Lirucow Totall Discourse 466 Wherevpon my hunger- 
clungd bellie waxing great, grew Drum-like imbolstered. 

ll Embolus (e‘mbélvs). [L. embolus piston of a 
pump, a. Gr. €uBodos peg, stopper.] eT 

+1. Mech. Something inserted or moving in an- 
other, such as the bar of a door, a wedge; esf. 
the piston of a syringe. Ods. 

1669 Bovis Contn. New Exp. 1. xxxii. (1682) 106 The Em- 
bolus or Sucker of a Syringe. 1708 Kersey, Zydolus, a bar 
of a Door, a wedge. 1739 J. Huxuam Ess. Fevers (1750) 
182 Too great a Weight on the Embolus of a Syringe 
hinders its fair play. 1847 in Craic. 

2. Pathol. ‘The body which causes EMBoLisM’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1866 A, Fiuint Princ. Med. (1880) 30 An embolus is a plug 
of some material which is transported by the blood-current 
from one situation to another. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. 
Pathol, 202 The embolus is usually arrested at a part where 
the vessels divide. ; 

83. Anat. ‘The osseous axis of the horns of the 
Ruminantia cavicornia’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Embo. (embéli). [as if ad. Gr. *éuBoXia, 
f. stem of éuBdAdev to throw in. Fr. has embolie 
(Littré) = Emponism 3.] = INVAGINATION: a. 
Surg. The name of a particular operation for 
hernia. b. Phys. The process of formation of 
the double-layered gastru/a by involution of the 
wall of the single-layered segmented ovum. 

1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv. An. xil. 682 Modification of the 
blastosphere by the process of invagination or emboly. /é7d. 
683 The various processes by which the gastrula or its equi- 
valent are produced, are reducible to epiboly and emboly. 

+Emborndage, v. Ods. Also 7 en-, im- 
bondage. [f. EN-+BonpDacE.] ¢rans. To bring 
into a state of bondage or slavery; /’¢. and fig. 

1607 Hirron Ws. I. 331 Let vs not so enthrall & enbond- 
age our selues vnder our own lusts, 1673 Cave Prim. 
Chr. ut. ii. 237 Christians embondaging themselves to re- 
deem others. 1691 Howcit in Quakers Unmasked 12 He 
and his Assistants sought to inthral all, and Imbondage all. 

|| Embonpoint (anbenpwan), @. and sd. Also 
enbonpoint. [F. emdbonpoint: f. phrase en bon 
point ‘in good condition’.] Now chiefly with 
reference to women. 

A. sb. Plumpness, well-nourished appearance 
of body: in complimentary or euphemistic sense. 

1751 WARBURTON in Pope Mor. Ess. 1v. 47 Wks. 1751 TIT. 
272 To take care that the..colours are proportioned to her 
complexion; the stuff to the embonpoint of her person. 
1 Z. Pixe Sources Mississ. u1. App. 35 They are all 
inclining a little to enbonpoint. 1849 C. Bronrit Shirley 
xi. 162 A form decidedly inclined to embonpoint. 1876 
Bartuotow Mat. Med. (1879) 343 An increase in the body- 
weight and the embonpoint of those who take stimulants. 

B. as predicative adj. Plump, well-nourished- 
looking. [In Fr. only as phrase ev bon point.] 

[1662 Evetyn Sculptura 1. i. (1755) 18 Plump & (as the 
French has it) en bon point.] ¢1806 Sir R. Wison in Life 
(1862) I. App. 372 Before marriage they are generally light 
in figure ; after they are mothers they become more emon- 
point, 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. xxxvii, Her form, though 
rather embonpoint, was nevertheless graceful. 

+Emborder, v. 0s. Also 6 enborder, 7-8 
imborder. [f. En-+Borprer.] a. To furnish 
with an edge or border; to edge. Const. with 
b. To place or set as a border. 

cr p. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt.(1814)139 The cram- 
suerte the bed] were of fyne syluer enbordered wyth golde, 
1667 Mitton P. L.1x. 436 Among thick-wov'n Arborets and 
Flours Imbordered [sod. edd. embordered] on each Bank. 
I Battey, /bordered, bordered, having borders. 1847 

RAIG, Emborder, Imborder, to furnish or enclose with a 
border ; to bound. In mod. Dicts. [in both forms]. 

Embordured, -ing, var. ff. IMBoRDURED, -ING. 

|| Embosecata (pseudo-arch.), incorrect spell- 
ing of (It.) ImBoscaTA, AMBUSCADE. 

1820 Scott Monast, xxi, Have you purpose to set upon 
me here as in an emboscata? . 

Embosk, var. of Imsosk, to shelter in a wood. 


Embosom, imbosom (em-, imbu'zom), z. 
Also 7 enbosome. [f. Ey-, IN- + Bosom.] 

1. trans. To take or press to one’s bosom; to 
cherish in one’s bosom; to embrace. ‘+ Also, to 
implant, plunge (a sting, weapon, etc.) in (another’s) 
bosom (ods.). Chiefly fig. vare in mod. use. 

a. 1890 SPENSER F’, Q. 11. il. 25The handmayd .. glad t’ em- 
bosome his affection vile. 1610G, FLercuEr Christ's Vict. 
in Farr S. P. Yas. (1848) 67 Thus sought the dire enchaun- 
tresse in his minde Her guilefull bait to have embosomed. 
c 1630 Drumm. or Hawrn. Poems Wks. (1711) 36/2 Tithon’s 
wife embosom’d by him lies. 1645 Quartes Sol. Recant. 
vii. g Anger rests Embosom’d .. in foolish brests. 
Savace Wanderer 1. 380 Why embosom me a viper’s sting? 
1813 A, Wi1son Tears of Britain Poet, Wks, 158 Shall 


111 


..such a monster... By Britons be ..embosomed? 1874 
Pussy Lent. Serm. 459 All the Father embosometh the Son, 
B. 1631 Celestina 1. 7 Suffering them [Muleteers] to im- 
bosome them between their brests. 1671 FLAvEL Fount. 
Life ii. 4 They lay as it were imbosomed in one another. 
1806 Moore /'rom High Priest of Apollo ii. 40 Might he but 
pass the hours of shade Imbosomed by his Delphic maid. 

2. transf. a. To enclose, conceal, shelter, in the 
‘bosom’. Often pass. to be enclosed, enveloped 
zn, closely surrounded w7¢h (woods, foliage, moun- 
tains, etc.) ; poez., to be ‘wrapped’ zz (slumber, 
happiness, beauty, etc.). +b. vef. Of a river: To 
pour itself zo the bosom of a larger stream (0ds.). 

a. 1685 H. More Para. Propfh. xiii, All sorts of people 
may safely embosom themselves in her. c 1750 SHENSTONE 
Elegies vii. 44 My distant home Which oaks embosom. 
5 Gotpsm. Trav. 282 Embosom’d in the deep where 

olland lies. 1773 Wivxes Corr. (1805) IV. 158 The vilages 
are happily embosomed with trees. 1796 Morse Amer. 
Geog. 1.501 This state [New York] embosoms vast quantities 
ofiron ore. 18.. CampperL Ox Visiting Scene in Argylsh. 
i, The wind-shaken weeds that embosom the bower, 1829 
Scorr Anne of G. iii, One of those spots in which Nature 
often embosoms her sweetest charms. 1855 SINGLETON 
Virgil 1. 279 Deep sleep embosometh their jaded limbs. 
1876 GREEN Short Hist. x. § 4. 798 What sepulchre em- 
bosoms the remains .. of so fone human excellence and 
glory? 1879 Cur. Rossetti Seek & F. 24 The sky..over- 
arching and embosoming not earth and sea only, but clouds 
and meteors, planets and stars. 

B. 1668 Mantey Grotins’ Low-C, Warres 837 The River 
Vecht..imbosomes it self into the same [the Issell]. 1667 
Mitton P. ZL. v. 597 By whom in bliss imbosom’d sat the 
Son, 1835 Wiis Pencillings u. 1x. 167 We walked..to a 
large old villa, imbosomed in trees. 1839 Battey /estus 
(ed. 5) 378 Thy heart imbosomed in all beauteousness. 

Hence Embo'somed, ///. a., Embo'soming 7//. 
sb. and ppl. a. 

1622-62 Hryin Cosmogr. ul. (1682) 205 Since their em- 
bosoming and reconcilement to the Church of Rome. 1626 
Sanpys Ova’s Metam. x. 205 She..Flusht with imbosomd 
flames, 1839 Baitey /estus xviii. (1848) 184 The long im- 
bosomed braid. 1859 FARRAR ¥. Home (1874)9 The hill with 
its tall spire and embosoming trees. 1873 BRowninc Ked 
Cott. Night-c. 660 Bosses of shrubs, embosomings of flowers. 

+Embo:ss, 50. Ols. rare}. [f. Emposs v.!] 
A boss-like projection ; a knob. 

1644 Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 124 A round emboss of marble. 

Emboss (embg's), v.1 Also 4-6 enbos(s, 5 
enboce. [prob. a. OF. *emdoce-7 (app. not re- 
corded before 1530): see EN- and Boss sd.1] 

1. trans. To cause to bulge or swell out, make 
convex or protuberant ; to cover with protuber- 
ances. In modern use chiefly ¢vas/. from 2 or 3. 

a. c 1460 Stans Puer 31 in Babees Bk. (1868) 28 To enboce 
thy Iowis withe mete. 1541 R. CopLanp Guydon’s Quest. 
Chirurg. Some [bones] are enbossed for to entre. 1598 SyL- 
vestEr Du Bartas 1. ili. (1641) 25/2 When God.. Embas’t 
the Valleys and Embost the Hils. _ 1683 Satmon Dovon 
Med. 1. 334 Embossed with fat. 17.. Gay Story of Arachne 
39 Her trembling hand, embossed with livid veins. 1763 
Cuurcuite Proph. Famine, Poems I. 117 With boils em- 
bossed and overgrown with scurf. 1814 SoutnEy Roderick 
xxi. 18 Its fretted roots Embossed the bank. 1868 Kirk 
Chas. Bold 111. v. iii. 413 It is everywhere unequal, em- 
bossed with hill-tops. 

B. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 13 Her Body is .. imboss’d 
all over with black knobs. 1667 Mitton P. Z. xu. 180 
Botches and blaines must all his flesh imboss. 

+b. fig. Zo emboss (out): to inflate (style), 
render tumid; to give exaggerated prominence to. 

1564 Brief Exam. * iiij b, Ye embosse out _your glorious 
stiles. 1565 JeweL Repl. Harding (1611) 36 It hath pleased 
M. Harding thus to colour and to embosse out this ancient 
Father. 1577, 1646 [see Empossep A//. a.1 3]. 

te. intr, To bulge, be convex. Obs. rare. 

¢ 1430 [see Empossinc vd. sd.]. 1576 Baker Ferwell of 
Health 215 a, If the same be made hollowe imbossing 
towarde the myddle. 

2. spec. To carve or mould in relief; to cause 
(figures, part of a wrought surface) to stand out, 
project, or protrude. Also fig. The earliest and the 
prevailing mod. sense. [So Fr. zmdocer (Palsgr.).] 

a. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W., Dido, Of gold the barris vp 
enbosede [v. . enbossed]. 1563 Homilies 11, Idolatry u. 
(2850) 194 Images came into the Church, not now in painted 
cloths only, but embossed in stone. 1644 EveLyn Mem, 
(1857) I. 76 Fleur-de-lis embossed out of the stone. 1796 
Burke Regic. Peace Wks. 1842 II. 322 Such claims .. stood 
embossed, and .. forced themselves on the view of common, 
nobig ae] benevolence. 1858 HawrHorne 7%. §& /?. 
¥rnis. 11.37 A gold sword-hilt .. being actually embossed 
on the picture. 1885 Manch. Exam. 5 June 5/6 Farmer's 
apparatus. .for chasing, glazing, and embossing cloth. 

. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. v. 75 Fish..in Antique worke 
most curiously imbost. 1676 Boyte in Phil. Trans. X1. 807 
The figure of a Star..imbost upon the upper superficies of 
the Regulus. 

b. To adorn with figures or other ornamenta- 
tion in relief; to represent (a subject) in relief. 
(Sometimes with reference to embroidery.) Also 
of the figures, etc.: To stand out as an ornament 
upon. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xx, An epythaphe. . With letters 
ryche of golde aboue enboced. 1513 BrapsHaw S?¢. Wer- 
burge 60. The ten plage of Egypte were well embost. 160 
Hottanp Pliny I. 602 Siluer plate curiously enchased and 
imbossed. 1659 Br. Watton Consid. Considered 299 How 
come they [Samaritan letters] to adorn and emboss vessels 
and coins? 1725 Pore Odyss. xix. 293 Regal robe with 
a gold embost. 178: Gipson Decé. § /. III. Ix. 523 

e sides were embossed with a variety of picturesque. . 


EMBOSSED, 


scenes. 1832 Bappace Econ, Manuf. xi. (ed. 3) 89 Calicoes 
..embossed all over with raised patterns. 1846 Prescotr 
Ferd. & Js. 1. viii. 346 The rich bronze which embossed its 
gates. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 490 Men who. .had 
made a fair profit by embossing silver bowls and chargers. 

3. To ornament with or as with bosses or studs. 
Hence, To adorn or decorate sumptuously. 

a. 1579 Spenser Shefh, Cad. Feb., A girdle of gelt Embost 
with buegle. 1594 J. Dickenson Avisbas (1878) 38 His 
house. .he found not gorgeously embost, yet gaily trimmed. 
¢ 1630 Drumm. oF Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 29/1 Bright 
portals of the sky Emboss’d with sparkling stars. 1697 
Porrer Antig. Greece mi. iii. bay 14 The Chariots being 
richly emboss’d with Gold and other Metals. 1710 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 4672/1 The Harness was embossed with Silver 
Plates. 1784 Cowper Zask v. 426 The studs, that thick 
emboss his iron door. 1812 H. & J. Smitu Rey. Addr. xi. 
(1873) 104 Whose tresses the pearl-drops emboss. 1824-9 
Lanpor /wag. Conv. (1846) I. 5 Did we not..Emboss our 
bosoms with the daffodils. 

_ 8. 1578 'T. Proctor Gorg. Gallery, With buyldings brave, 
imbost of variant hue. 1784 Cowper Zasé 1. 121, I fed on 
. berries that imboss the bramble. ; 

Embo'ss, 7.2 Oés. exc. arch, in sense 4. Also 
4 embose, enbose, 6-8 imboss. [ME. emdose, 
perh, f. En- + OF, dos, bo7s wood; the equivalent 
OFr. embudser occurs with sense of AmpusH. If 
so, the word is ultimately identical with ImMBosk v. 
The development of senses as suggested below is 
strange, but appears to be in accordance with the 
existing evidence.] 

+1. zntr. Of a hunted animal: To take shelter 
in, plunge into, a wood or thicket. Ods. 

61369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 352 [The hunters re- 
counted] how the hert had vpon lengthe So moche embosed 
{v. 7. enbosed, enbosid] I not nowe what. 1680 BuTLER 
Rem. (1759) 1. 8 Look quickly, lest the Sight of us Should 
cause the startled Beast t’ imboss. 

+b. The fa. pple. is used by Milton for zdosked. 

1671 Mitton Samson 1697 Like that self-begotten bird, 
In the Arabian woods imbost. 

+2. Todrive (a hunted animal) to extremity. Ods. 

(The sense ‘ drive to a thicket,’ required by the etymology 
above suggested, is not clearly evidenced). 

1590 SPENSER /*, Q. 111, i, 21 Curres. .hauing..The Saluage 
beast embost in weary chace. 1596 Drayton Leg. 11. 379 
Likea Deere, before the Hounds imbost. 1601 Suaxs. A d/’s 
Well un. vi. 107 We have almost imbost him, you shall see 
his fall to night. 1684 Gayton Pleasant Notes on Don 
Quixot 210 As Mules and Horses, who are imboss’d, foame 
and chafe the more. 1680 Otway Caius Marius ww. ii. 
(1735) 68 Was ever lion thus by dogs emboss’d? | 1768 Buys 
Dict. Terms Art, To Emboss (in Hunting), to inclose in a 
Thicket. 

+3. In fass. of a hunted animal: To be ex- 
hausted by running; fAezce, to foam at the 
mouth (as a result of exhaustion in running). 
Also ¢ransf. of persons: (a.) To be exhausted, at 
the last extremity of fatigue; (¢.) to foam at the 
mouth (from rage, etc.). Ods. 

(The sense ‘to foam at the mouth’ is prob. influenced by 
Emposs v!, as if an ‘embossed stag’ were one ‘studded’ 
with bubbles of foam. Cf. Impost v., to foam at the mouth 
(Cockaine 1591), Impost sé., foam (R. Bradley 1727).] 

1523 SKELTON Gard. Laurell 24 Where hartis belluyng, 
embosyd with distres Ran on the raunge. 1575 TurRBERY. 
Bk. Venerie 242 When he is foamy at the mouth, we saye 
that he is embost. 1895 Markuam Sir R. Grinuill cxxiii, 
With rageimbost. 1611 — Cowntr. Content. iv, (1668) 25 A 
stag..imbost, that is, foaming..about the mouth, 1614 
Corcr., Malmené .. imbossed, or almost spent, as a Deere 
by hard pursuit. 1625 Gitt Sacr. Philos. ii. 191 As a stag 
embossed takes the soyle. 1651 Davenant Gondibert 1. 
xlix, He [the stag] is imbos’d, and weary’d to a Bay. 
fig. 1592 WARNER Albion's Eng. vil. xxxvi. (1612) 175 My 
chased Heart imboste and almost spent. 1624 QuaRLES 
¥ob Poems (1717) 227 My spirit’s faint..my soul’s imbost. 

4. trans. To cover with foam (the mouth, the 
body of an animal). arch. 

1531 Exyot Gov. 1. vi. 120 By furie chaunged into an 
horrible figure, his mouthe foule and imbosed. 1810 Scotr 
Lady of L.1. vii, Embossed with foam, and dark with soil, 
The labouring stag strained full in view. 1829 CunniNG- 
Ham Magic Bridle, Anniv. 148 He sawa wild steed.. 
White foam his flanks embossing. . 

+Embo'ss, v.2 Ods. [app. first in Spenser ; 
perh. f. En- + Boss 56.3 ‘The Sp. embozarse to en- 
velop oneself ina cloak, has also been suggested. 
Some of the quots. might belong to Emposs v.! 
in sense ‘ decorate ’.] 

trans. To cover, encase (in armour) ; to plunge 
(a weapon) zz an enemy’s body. Also fg. in 
pass. To be ‘wrapped’ (in ease). 

1590-6 SPENSER F. Q. 1. iii. 24 A knight her mett in mighty 
armes embost. /é7d. 1. xi. 20 The knight his thrillant speare 
again assayd In his bras-plated body to embosse. /dzd., 11. 
i. 64 None of them rashly durst..in so glorious spoyle them: 
selves embosse. Jéid. vi. iv. 40 Vowing, that never he.. 
would lig in ease embost. 1621 Burton Awat. Mel. 1. ii. 
11. xv. (1651) 133 A souldier embossed all in gold [transl. 
L. precingitur auro). 

+Embo'ss v.4 Ods.—° [ad. Fr. embosser to 
attach a‘ spring’ to a cable, f. e7- (see EN-) + dosse 
knot at the end of a rope.] (See quot. and 
etymology: evidence of Eng. use is wanting.) 

1768 Buys Dict. Terms Art,To Embossa Cable (sea Term.) 

Embossed (embg'st), 7/7. 2.1 [f. Emposs v.1] 

1. Carved or moulded in relief ; ornamented with 
figures in relief; (of figures or ornament) raised, 


EMBOSSED, 


cas out in relief. Lmbossed hopes peat 
ing with raised letters, as for the use of lind, 
or for ornament. 

1541 Exvor /mage Gov. 67 mages. . ght .. in i 
worke. 53583 Homilies u. —— u. (1859) 195 Senoneet 
images to creepe into Churches. 'ERCIVALL 
Dict., Relieve, embossed works, To? = Did, 
Trans. XCIIl. 153 The..wear which attends the fricti 
of. embossed surfaces. 1849 Witmotr ¥ru/. Summer in 
or, 15 July 141 The embossed alphabet for the blind. 
<— MERSON Eng, Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 103 The 
..bill of fare engraved on embossed 
& Times Paint. 205 With sufficient 
bossed effect to the touch. 

2. Covered with ornamental bosses or studs; 
tichly or sumptuously decorated. . 

159t Lyty Sappho 1. ii. 161 Endeavour to be a courtier to 
live in emboste roofes. 187 WHyTe-MeLvitte Sarchedon 
I. 2x His master drew the embossed bit carefully from his 
favourite’s mouth. 

+3, In r5the.: ey. Ry: ae 

c tr. Deguilleville’s Pilg. Lyf. . (1869) 130 ' 
peace Sanaa wrong shapen and enbosed tr bossue). 

44. Bulging, convex, swollen, tumid ; fig. of style. 

1577 Hotinsuep Chron. Il. 163 Thinking by their em- 
bossed speech to tickle the eares and harts of the yoong 
princes. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 645 The..imbossed heades of 
the first and right Squilla. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. 
xt. xix. 258 In diverse kinds of glasses; as in the hollowe 
the plain, the embossed. 1 HAKS. 1 Hen, /V, ui. iii. 
177 Why thou horson, impudent, imbost Rascall. 1605 — 
Lear u. iv. 227 My Daughter, thou art a Byle, a plague 
sore, or imbossed Carbuncle. 1646 J. Hatt Hore Vac. 39 
Embossed Language tickles the eares. ; 

5. Bot. ‘ Projecting in the centre like the boss 
of a shield’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

+ Embo:ssed, #//. 2.4 Ods. [f. Emposs v.2 + 
-ED!.) Ofa hunted animal: Driven to extremity ; 


s 4 


a GuLtick 
ly to give an em- 


foaming at the mouth from exhaustion. Also 
transf. of persons. 
164r Br. Hatt in Rem. Wks. (1660) 91 The enbossed 


heart panteth for the rivers. Sevpen Laws Eng. u. 
xxvi. (1739) 117 Like an embossed Stag .. he must run and 
out-run all. @ 1658 CLEVELAND Gen. Poems (1677) 100 Once 
more to single out my emboss’d Committee-man. 

Embosser (embg'sa1). Also 7 imbosser. [f. 
Emsoss v.! + -ER.] One who embosses. 

1625 in Rymer Fadera XVIII. (1726) 14 Wee doe .. ap- 
pointe and ordaine to be the Maister Imbosser and Maker 
of the medales of us our heires and successors. 1819 P. O. 
Lond, Direct. 385 Yeatherd, George, Dyer and Embosser of 
Woollen-cloth, Deal-street. 1883 B. H. Becker in Eng. 
Tllust. Mag. Nov. 89/2 The stamp and die had super- 
seded the embosser. 

Embossing (embg'sin), v//. sb. [f. Emposs v,1 
+-ING1,] a. The action of the verb Emposs ; 
also aftrib., as in embossing-iron, -machine, -press. 
b. concr. Embossed ornamentation ; formerly in 
wider sense, swelling, protuberance. 

¢ 1430 Lypa, Bochas 1. xx. (1554) 36 If their brestes up to 
high them dresse, They can ..thenbosing doun represse. 
1541 R. CopLanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Of them [bones] 
that haue enbossyng. 1580 Hottysanv 77eas. Fr. Tong, 
La Bosse .. the embossing of a Jewell. 1626 Bacon Sylva 
§ 878 All Engravings and Embossings (afar off) appear plain. 
c1865 J. Wyupe in Circ. Sc. I. 272/1 The. .embossings on 


the paper are made by the method of reverse currents. 
Embo'ssment (embp'smént). [f. Emposs z,1 
+ -MENT.] 


+1. The action or agen of embossing. Ods. 

180r Ann, Reg. 1799 Chron. 399 A_ method of. .ornament- 
ing by. .embossment. .cloths or stuffs, 

2. concr. A figure carved or moulded in relief ; 
embossed ornament. Now vave. Also attrib., as 
in embossment-map, a map of which the surface is 
moulded in elevations and depressions. 

1620 Dekker Dreame iij. § 1 There you see the golden 
embosments and curious enchasings. 173r Carr. PowNati 
in Bibl. Topogr. Brit. (1790) WI. 166 An urn..of..clay.. 


without any inscription or em ent. 1813 Hocc 
Queen's Wake 46 B h rose an emb roud,—A 
rose beneath a thistle bowed. 1881 Nature IV. 149 


All the necessary data for making an embossment-map. 
3. gen. A bulging, protuberance. 
1610 GUILLIM pcr u. vi. 63 With a swelling emboss- 
1611 Cotor. s.v. Saillie, The imb of an 


112 
in or to the mouth ; also ref. of a river, to dis- 
bealtty « not 56 Specs 
L mouth of a river or creek. Also ¢rans/. 


century, was on r 
Pal. ui. peck pon of white cla: 


3. Music. ‘The disposition of the lips, tongue 
and other organs necessary for producing a musical 
tone’ (Grove). 

1760 Go.ps. Cit. W. xc, You see .. I have the am- 
busheer already [on the German flute]. x79 rove Dict. 
Mus. 1. 536 The second octave is produ by a stronger 
pressure of wind and an alteration of embouchure. 

d, imbound (em-, imbawnd), z. 
poet. arch, [f. Ex-, In-+ Bounn sé.] trans. To set 
bounds to ; to confine, contain, hem in. 

Hence Embouw'nded #//. a. 

1595 Suaks. Yohn tv. iii. 137 That sweete breath Which 
was embounded in this beauteous clay. 1633 P. FLercuer 
Woman's Lightness, But never bonds a woman might em- 
bound. 1812 W. Tennant Anster F. 1. xxii, To .. sleep 
imbounded by his boisterous arms. 1 SINGLETON 

‘irgil 11. 16 The voice th’ imbounded shores Volley along. 

+ Embow:, sb. Obs. rare—*, [f. next.] The 
concave surface of an arch, vault, or dome. 

1548 Hatt Chron. (1809) 723 The. . Embowes were of very 
strange worke with leaves, balles and other garnishinges. 

Embow (embén'), v.1 Obs. exc. arch. Also 5 
enbow, 6- imbow. [f. En- + Bow sé.1] 

1. trans. To bend or curve into a bow (see 
Bow sé.1). 

c 1400 Destr. Troy vu. 3034 Browes..Bright as the brent 
gold enbowet bai were. 

2. Arch. To arch, vault. 

1481 [see Emsowen ff/. a.] 1555 Epen Decades W. Ind. 
(Arb.) 309 The rouffes .. are gylted and embowed. 1 
Gotpinc De Mornay viii. (1617) 101 The heauen, being im- 
bowed about these lower parts, like a vaut. 1641 Heyuin 
Help to Hist. (1671) 294 The West end .. embowed over 

ead seemeth to be very antient. 1838 Worpsw. Sonm., 
Cave of Staffa, The pillared vestibule. .the roof embowed. 

3. To enclose as within a sphere; to englobe, 
encircle. 

1605 Sytvester Du Bartas. ii. 1.70 Turn’d Vapour, it 
have round embow’d Heau’ns highest stage. — G. 
Danie Trinarch., Hen. V, cxci, His Rayes Embow’d 
Win a vapor here, and there a Cloud. 

+Embow’, v.2 Oés. rare—'. In 5 enbowe. 
[f. Ex- + Bow v.1] trans. ? To bow down. 

¢1440 Gesta Rom. 204 The sonne of man habe not wer 
he may reclyne or enbowe his hede. 

+ Embow'dle, v. Ods. rare—'. [Cf. BowDLep 
ppl.a.) trans. To wrap round, 

1625 W. L'Iste tr. Du Bartas’ Noe 10 A claggy night of 
myst embowdleth round [Fr. envelope) his brains. 

bowed (embéu-d), sf/. a. [f. Empow v.1] 

1. Bent or curved into the form of a bow; con- 
vex, bow-like. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens Long lyke a Peare, with certa 
Pte or swellin: rani goons Spenser Vis. Worlds 
Vanitie ii. With gilden hornes embowed like the Moone. 
1639 Horn & Rosotuam Gate Lang. Uni. xciv. (1643) § 
153 A globe is round, being em on the out-side, and 

ollow on the in-side. Porter Antig. Greece m. vi. 
(1715) 6x The Wings are doubled, 7 one the light- 
arm'd Men under them in an embow’d Form. 1855-9 
Sincteton Virgil II. 473 Th’ imbowéd points together met. 

b. Her. (See quots.) 

1610 Guituim Heraldry ui. xxii. (1660) 234 He beareth, 
Azure, a Dolphin Nasant, Imbowed Argent. 1761 Brit. 
Mag, Il. 532 Two arms counter, embowed, and vested, 

les. x Rosson Brit. Herald, Glossary, Embowed 

r. courbé) bent, or bowed. £: contrary, bowed in 
ite directions. Lmdowed dejected, bowed with the 


t. 
cmckansl pretious stone. 1625 Bacon £ss. Gardens (Arb,) 
60 Perfect circles without any .. Imbosments. 1817 R. 
Jasrsox Char, Min, 8g These embossments are not formed 
y the crystallization of that portion of the salt which has 
been dissolved. 

Embo'sture. arch. rare. Also 7 imbosture. 
[?f. Esposs v1, after sculpture. (But cf. Em- 
BOAST v.)] = EMBOSSMENT. 

1616 Beaum. & Fi. Faiths Fr. w. iii, There nor wants 
Imbosture nor embroidery, 1863 Sata Caft. Dang. |. ii. 
33 This strange device raised in an embosture of gold. 

Embottle: see Em- prefix. 

|| Embouchement (ahbwfman, émbzfmént), 
[Fr.; f. emboucher : see next.) a. The mouth (of 
a river). b. Phys. The point at which one vessel 
— i leads into another. 

x « H, Maxwe rt Sport. & Adv. Scotl. 855) 

A heavy sea is bli gh mah wy Soneben %_ G58 99 
1878 Foster Phys. u. i. § 4. 248 The embouchement of the 
thoracic duct into the venous system. 

bouchure (aibw{ir), Also 9 embouch- 
ier, 8 ambusheer. [Fr.; f. emdoucher to put 


extremity turned downwards. 1864 Boute.. Heraldry Hist. 
& Pop. x. 56 An Arm..when bent at the elbow is em! 

2. Arch. a. Arched, vaulted. b. Curved or 

peng outward, so as to form a recess (cf. 
w sb.1 12, Bow-wrnpow). 

1481 Caxton Orat. P. C. ion D. viii, in Tulle on 
Friendsh. The stone werkes enbowed called the Arches 
tryumphal. 1580 Nortn Plutarch (1676) 36 The fair em- 
pes or cate 1617 Siz poe Diary (1886) 1. 
1 with. . ae f te 
Ietowell Reohes my Chapple. 1632 satan Someone a 7 

roof. 1823 Rutrer Fonthill so in 
red recess are three 1826 Scorr Woodst. 

i, The ancient embow’d arches of the old chantry. 1864 D. 
Mircuett Sev. Stor. 205 An embowed window. 

Embowel (embau‘él), v. Also 6-7 em-, en- 
bowell, imbowel(l. [In senses 1-2 ad. OF. 
enboweler (recorded in pa. pple. enbowelé = OF. 
emboulé, *emboelé) an alteration (with substitution 
of the prefix em- for es-) of OF r. eshoueler, f. es- 
repr. L. ex- out +douel Bowgt. In senses 3-4 f. 
En- + BowEt.] 


EMBOWERING. 


I. 1. “vans. T. the viscera 
Situs (6 Sody alther fox the abet ae 


band omg ane saa will har eft 

rs2x Test. . (Surtees) V. tem I wi aftir 
Pm. 9 - os Suaxs. 1 Hen, iV, <i, 
109 Im 'd will I see thee by and by. 


. 1640 
Diary (18: W< made me..send { — from 
Arta by ta Tide ¢ tr, Rollin's Ane. ist. (1827) 


IIL. vt. § 3. 124 Having their bodies for the 
by embowelling them. ee Tait’s Mag. XX1. 488 He is 
“i bowel bones! cf sacrilion 1867 


2. transf. and fig. 
sie aves, Almond for Parrat 20, 1 haue not halfe em- 
boweld my register. x60r Suaxs. Ad/’s Well u iii. 247 The 
Schooles embowel’d of their doctrine. 1667 Micron ?. L. 
vi. 587 Whose roar Emboweld with outragious noise the air 
And all her entrails tore. 1678 Lively + Vii. § 26. 315 
How curiously do men. .embowel a text to find a pretence 
1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 166 
yet been completely embowelled of 
our natural en! 


II. +3. To put, convey into the bowels; in 
quots. ¢ransf. and fig. Obs. 

1596 Firz-cerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 44 On Ulysses 
Circe did bestow A blather, where the windes imboweld 
were. 1629 Donne Whitsunday Serm. Wks. 1839 I. 578 
All was embowelled and en bed in the 
W. Srrutner 7rue Hafppines 8 When God and man in- 
here mutually in other, and are enbowelled by mutuall love. 
1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 26 His bodie was .. imbowelled 
in a spacious coffin, the Ocean. /did. 105 A streame. .aris- 
ing from Mount Taurus here embowels it selfe into that sea. 

+b. To fill the bowels of (an animal). Oés. 

1607 TorseLt Four-/. Beasts (1679) 566 The young whelps 
of pect being imbowelled wan te 

+ 4. intr. To convey food into the bowels. Oés. 

1618 LatHam 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 18 It will oftentimes 
very much molest her in her putting ouer and imbowelling. 

mbowelled (embau‘éld), #//. a. [f. prec.] 

1. = DisemBowELLeD. /?t. and jig. 

1594 Suaks. Richard I/1, v. ii. 1» The Boare makes his 
trough In your embowel’d bosomes. Biackmore Pr, 
Arth. 1, 261 Exploded Thunder tears Embowel’ » 
1789 Wotcorr (P. Pindar) Suéj. Painters 10 Sweeter than 
hist’ry of embowell’d saint. 

2. fig. That lies hid in the bowels or heart of 
a thing; internal, intestine. 

1609 Br. Bartow Answ. Nameless Catholike 236 Hauing 
such Embowelled enemies within his Realmes. c 1750 
Suenstone Elegy xx. 62 For them we drain the mine’s em- 
bowell’d gold. 1854 S. Dosett Badder xxiv. 169 Like an 
embowelled earthquake yet unbelched. 

+3. That has the bowels full. Ods. 

Bk, St. Albans A vij, If..the bowell [be] any thyng 
stiffid . ye shall say she is embowellid. 

Emboweller (embaw‘élo:). [f. as prec. + ER.] 
One who performs the operation of disembowel- 


for cavil and objection. 
In England we have not 


| ling. 


1705 GREENHILL Art Embalm. 283 We shall next pro- 

ceed to speak of the. . Emboweller. 
bowe: (embaw'élin), vd/. sb. [f. Em- 
BOWEL v, + -ING!,] = DISEMBOWELLING. 

1725 Swirt Drafpier’s Lett. Wks. 1755 V. 1.79 Sentence of 
death with. .hanging, beheading, quartering, embowelling. 
1813 Sir S. Romitty in Examiner 22 Feb. —_ The. .in- 
fliction of embowelling was at present left to the discretion 
of the executioner. 

+b. nonce-use. 

1654 Gayton Pleasant Notes on Don Quixot 91 These 

exenterations, embowellings, and disgorgings made Sancho’s 


tite like a swine. 
“Embowelment (embau‘élmént). [f. EmpowEn 
+-MENT.] a. The action of disembowelling. 
ag Lanse Sito tatu (ee Sep holed ih tonnes 
1823 Lams £éfa 1. xviii. (1865) 1 " 
cas anna of fend me hans 
Embower, imbower (em-,imbaues,-bauss), 
v. Also 7 imbowr(e. [f. En-, In- + Bowzr 50.1] 
1. tvans. To shelter, enclose, seclude as in a 
reer rd i P. Elis. L. 78 Him.. Whom 
in Farr S. P. r Je 
1580 ape (1845) L. 7 


Sion holds ¢1630 Drumm. or Hawru. Poems 
Wks. (1711) 44 Ah destinies, & whom skies embow’r. 
tp: Bs where th’ Etrurian 


1738 Westey Ps. cxlvii. 
Ye, whom highest Heaven im! rs, Praise the Lord. 
1833 Tennyson Lady Shalott 1. ii, And the silent isle im- 
bowers The Lady of Shalott. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets x. 
333 Elms and..vines embower them with. .rustling leaves, 

+ 2. intr. for ref. To take shelter, lodge as in 
a bower. ? On. er 

Spenser Virg. Guat Small Birds in tl 

— hewt map 1610 ag Fant Christ's Vict. xxvii, 
Gaze but upon the whear man embow’rs. 

Embowered (embaue'1d), ff/. a. Wg prec, + 
-ED1.] a. That is surrounded as with a bower, 
wreathed with foliage ; b. lodged in a bower. 


Dyer Fleece 1. 119 The little smiling cottage warm 
embow'r'd. 1824 W. Tevinc T. Trav. 1. 317 Seated in the 


embowered of 

Sout A ey 3 iv, lator —_ of 'd palm. 
AWTHORNE 254 are 

= of embowered aekown 


Embowering (embaus'rin), od/. sd. [f. as 
prec.+-ING!,] Enclosing, <a in a bower. 
concr. A bower-like retreat ; in quot. fig. 

1882 Hatt Caine Recoll. D. G. Rossetti 110 Wha 
embowerings I had in my mind. 


EMBOWERING. 
Embowering (embauerin), #47. a. [f. as 


prec. + -ING%.] That forms a bower; that sur- 
rounds as with a bower. 

a1717 Parnety Poet, Wks. (3833) 32 From Helicon’s im- 
bowering height repair. 1 . Rocers Pleas. Mem. 
240 Imbowering shrubs with verdure veiled the sky. 182 
Scotr KeniZw. xxv, Above the embowering and richly 
shaded woods. - Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna (1857) 
129 A..landscape thick with imbowering trees. 
‘Embowerment (embaue-smént). [f. as prec. 
+-MENT.] The action of embowering. 

1848 Dickens Dombey (C. D. ed.) 63 Plants. .of a kind pe- 
culiarly adapted to the embowerment of Mrs, Pipchin. 

+ Embo , vol. sb, Obs. [f. EmBow v. + 
-InG1,] The action of the vb. Empow 1; vaulting; 
arching: in quot. concr. Also attrib. 

1430 Lypc, Chron. Troy u. xi, The freshe enbowing wt 
verges right aslynes. 1571 GoLpinc Calvin on Ps. \xxiv. 5 
By the kervings or imbowings he meeneth the verge fashion. 
1576 Richmond. Wills (1853) 261 To John Whyt ij playnes 
+ .1j chesells, and ij embowing playnes. 

+ Embow'ing, #//. a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
Arching, convex, curved. 

1561 Epen Arte Nauig.1. v. 6b, Conuex or embowyng. 

+Embow’'l, v. Obs. rare. [f. Ex- + Bow sd. 1.] 
a. ¢rans. To form or mould into a globe. 
intr. To take or grow into the form of a globe. 

zs80 Lapy PemsBroke Ps. xc. (1823) 171 Long ere the 
earth embowl’d by thee Bare the forme it now doth beare, 
1886 Sir R. Burton Arad. Nes. (abr. ed.) 332 The citrons 
shone with fruits embowled. 

+Embow'ment. a7ch. Obs. rare—', [f. Em- 
BOW ¥.+-MENT.] Vaulting. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 249 The Roofe all open, not so much as 
any Embowment neere any of the walls left. 

Embox (embg'ks), v. Also 7 imboxe. [f. En- 
+ Box sb.2] trans. To set in or as in a box. 

1611 Cotcr., Emboister, to imboxe. 1732 Fretpinc Cov. 
Gard, Trag.1. iii, In Goodman’s-fields fe city dame Em- 
boxed sits. 1828 Lams Ze?¢. in C. and M. C. Clarke (1878) 
160 The Watchmen are emboxed in a niche of fame. 1835 
Kirsy Bridgewater Tr. (1852) II. 211 More than thirty 
alternate layers of earth and web, emboxed, as it were, in 
each other. 

Embrace (embré's), sd. [f. EMBRACE v.7] 

1. The action of folding in the arms, of pressing 
to the bosom. (Sometimes euphemistically for 
sexual intercourse.) 

1s92 Suaks. Rom, & Ful. v, iii. 113 Armes, take your last 
embrace, 1633 P. FLetcHer Edisa u. v, Arms, whose .. 
sweet embraces Could quicken death, 1667 Mitton P. L. 
11. 793 In embraces forcible and foule Ingendring with me. 
1750 Jounson Rambl. No. 91 P 7 Pride..by whose em- 
braces she had two daughters. 18x10 Sournry Kehama xvu. 
ix, She turn’d from him, to meet .. The Glendoveer’s em- 
brace. 1865 Trottore Belton Est. xxiii. 273 The demon- 
strative affection of an embrace between the two women. 

2. transf. and jig. 

a@1628 Sir J. Beaumont Mis. State Man, The soule per- 
swaded that no fading loue Can equall her imbraces. 1634 
Hasincton Castara 75 Their streames thus Rivers joyne, 
And lose themselves in the embrace. 1665 GLANVILL Scefs, 
Sc., Offering themselves to its [Truth’s] embraces. 1856 
Srantey Sinai § Pal. (1858) Introd. 42 Rocks .. enclosing, 
in a still narrower and narrower embrace, a valley. 1855 
Bain Senses § Int. 11. ii. § 12 The most perfect combination 
of perceiving organs is the embrace of the two hands. 

+Embra‘ce, v.! Ods. rave. Also 4 enbrase, 
-ass, -brace, 6imbrace, [f. En-+ Fr. dvasarm: 
see Brack 56.1] ¢rans. To put (ashield) on the arm. 

c1zo0o K. Adis. 6651 His scheld enbraceth Antiocus. 
1375. Barsour Bruce vit. 295 Enbrasit vith that thar 
scheldis braid. ¢1380 Six Ferumb. 5539 With scheldes 
enbraced. ?a1400 Morte Arth, 4111 Whene Bretones boldly 
enbraces there scheldes. Jia. 2459 With brode scheldes 
enbrassede. 1592 WyrLEy Avmorie 50 Did baisse his 
gleaue and well imbrace his shield. 

Embrace (embréi's), v.2 Forms: 4-5 en- 
brace, 4-6 embrase, 4~embrace. Also 5-6 im- 
brase, 6-8 imbrace. [ad. OF. emdrace-r (F. em- 
brasser) =Pr. embrassar, It. imbracciare :—late L. 
*imbracchiare, f. in- in + bracchium (pl. bracchia 
see BRACE sd.2) arm.] 

1, trans. To clasp in the arms, usually as a sign of 
fondness or friendship. 
¢ 1386 CHAucER Sompn. T. 5 The frere..her embracith in 
his armes narwe. c¢ 1450 NELICH Grail App. 81 This 
lady .. him enbraced al in hire slepe. 1535 STEWART Croz. 
Scot. 11, 268 The lordis.. Imbrasit thame that tyme full 
tenderly, 1535 CovERDALE 2 Kings iv. 16 Aboute this tyme 

y° frate can lyue, thou shalt enbrace a sonne. 1678 

UTLER Hud. 11. i. 950 Lovers, when th’ are fast In one 
another’s Arms embrac’d, 1845 Forp Sain § 1. 46 Many 
a Sancho..is there fondling and embracing his ass. 

Jig. — Cuaucer Pers. T. P 193 The riche folk that 
etakes, len and oneden al hire herte to tresor of this world 
shul slepe in..deeth, 1635 A. Starrorp Few. Glory (1869) 
132 Worship their Messias, and imbrace Him in their hearts, 
1698 Norris Pract. Disc, 1V. 216 Let us .. Hug and Im- 
brace them [earthly things] never so dearly. 

b. Of sexual embraces, 

1s99 Suaxs. Much Ado ww. i. xe You will say, she did im- 
brace me asa husband. 1660 R. Coxe Power §& Subj. 168 
On other days they [certain penitents] may eat any meat 
but flesh, and imbrace their own wedlock. 

+c. As the typical mode of salutation between 
friends ; to salute as a friend. Ods. 

1707 Freinp Peterboro’s Cond. Sp. 174, I hope to embrace 
you in a few Days. 1747 Hoantey Susp. Husé. 1. iii. (1756) 
12 Da ier of my Frankly’s I am proud of embracing. 

OL. . 


113 


d. absol. (Chiefly with reciprocal sense.) 

c1400 Rom. Rose 4820 Disordinat desiryng For to kissen 
& enbrace. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. Fr Thenne eche 
kyssed other and enbraced straytelye. 1596 WARNER Ad, 
Eng. 1. xvi. 76 When they had imbraced Then Archigallo 
.-in Ebranks Towne was plac’d. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vin. 
636 Easier then Air with Aur, if Spirits embrace, Total they 
mix. 1719 YounG Revenge 1v. i, Two lovers in each other’s 
arms, Embracing and embrac’d. 1855 Kincstey Heroes 
Iv. (1868) 252 They loved each other, and embraced. 

2. In various figurative uses. 

+a. To compass, gain (an object of desire). 

1475 Caxton Yason 20 b, A lady to sone abandonned and 
given ouer embraceth not grete honour. 14.. Legendary 
Poem in Retrosp, Rev, Nov. (1853) 102 With .. penaunce 
oe They wene ther blys for to imbrase [fvinted un- 

rase]. 

+b. To worship (a deity). Ods. rare. 

1 Caxton Eneydos viii. 37 Temples and aultres in 
whiche she sholde be enbraced and honowred as a goddesse. 

+e. To accept (a person) as a friend; to wel- 
come the services of (a person). 

1607 Suaks. Cor. 1v. vii. 10 He beares himselfe more proud- 
lier .. then I thought he would When first I did embrace 
him. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawtu. Hist. Fas. V. Wks. (1711) 
83 He wrought himself..to be imbraced as their friend. 
1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. B 4 Wert thou as secret as 
thou’rt subtil..I would embrace thee for a neere imploy- 
ment. 1635 [cf. 1 a, /ig.]. - 

d. To accept gladly or eagerly ; also, in weaker 
sense, to accept; now chiefly, to avail oneself of 
(an offer, opportunity, etc.). 

c1399 Pol. Poems (1859) II. 12 Y hope of king Henries 
grace, That he it is which schal the pes embrace. 1531 
Exyor Gov. 1. ii. (1883) 11 The communes .. imbracinge a 
licence, refuse to be brydled. 1582 Eart Essex in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. 1. 213 III. 80, I can not but embrace with duty 
your Lordships good counsell. x59 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, 1. 
1. 13 Embrace we then this opportunitie, 1646 Sir T. 
Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. viii. 32 The worke is ever to be em- 
braced, as containing the first description of poysons and 
their Antidotes. 1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv. u. iv. (1854) 
119 The general sent the prince word that he would embrace 
aparley. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 189 The 
captain. .embraced this offer. 1818 Jas. Mini Brit. [India 
II. 1v. iii, 107 One alternative; that of embracing the 
neutrality. 1839 W. CHamBers Tour Holland 62/1, I will 
embrace the opportunity of making a few general remarks. 

e. To accept, submit to (death, adverse for- 
tune) with resignation or fortitude. 

1sgt SHAKS. Two Gent. v. iv. 126 Thurio give backe, or 
else embrace thy death. 1598 — Merry W.v. v. 251 What 
cannot be eschew’d, must be embrac’d. 1672 Cave Prim. 
Chr. 1. x. 111 They readily embrace death. 1711 SHAFTESB. 
Charac. (1737) 11. 106 Even death it-self voluntarily im- 
brac’d. Lavy Hersert Cradle L. vi. 137 Embracing 
with joy all its sufferings and privations. 

+f. To take to one’s heart, cultivate (a virtue, 
disposition, etc.). Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 143 He shulde of trouthe thilke 
grace With all his hole herte embrace. 1576 in Farr S. P. 
Eliz. (1845) 11. 291 Of Christes flock let loue be so embraste. 
1623 Sir J. Srrapuine in Farr S. P. Fas. (1848) 232 What 
good peace (if we it imbrace) will doe vs. 

g. To adopt (a course of action, profession or 
calling, mode of life). Formerly also, to take (a 
road or course in travelling). 

1639 Futter Holy War xv. (1647) 22 They embraced 
severall courses through sundry countreys. 1655 — Ch. 
Hist. vit, 13 Captain Vaughan .. embraced the right-hand 
way towards Westminster. 1768 Gotpsm. Good-n. Maz 1. i, 
Being compelled .. to embrace a life you disliked. 1823 
Scorr Quentin D. xv, What fiend possessed you to. .em- 
brace the trade of a damsel adventurous. 1871 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. IV. xvii. 89 The..home of those..who em- 
braced the monastic life. as 

h. To adopt (a doctrine, opinions, religion, etc.) ; 
often with the notion ‘to accept joyfully’. Also, 
to attach oneself to (a party, cause, etc.). 

1545 BrinkLow Lament. (1874) 120 Repent and beleue the 
Gospell in embrasynge the same. 1553 EpEN 7veat. New 
Ind. (Arb.) 41 Foure of the greatest Ilandes embrased_ the 
Christian faith, 1646 E. FlisHer] Mod, Divinity 71 This 
opinion was .. generally imbraced amongst them. 1681-6 
J. Scorr_Chr, Life (1747) III. 269 By embracing Christ 
and his Doctrine, the believing Jews did not turn to a new 
Religion. 1720 Ozett Vertot’s Rom. Rep. Il. xiv. 334 
Cesar gave him the choice either to embrace his Party, or to 
continue his March. 1743 J. Morris Sevons viii. 214 So 
may they .. heartily imbrace the truth. 1845 S. Austin tr. 
Ranke’s Hist. Ref. 1. 75 The two princes embraced .. dif- 
ferent parties. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. iii. (1880) 38 
Palissy was not the only man of genius in France who em- 
braced the Reformed faith. 

+i. To take (a matter) in hand; to undertake. 

1393 GowER Conf. Prol. 90 So wol I now this werke em- 
brace. 1582 Hurorr Embrace anothers accion or title, 
Litem propriam vel suam facere, 1597 Bacon Ess. Sutes 
(Arb.) 40 Some embrace Sutes, which neuer meane to deale 
effectually in them, x x Marvett Corr, 183 Wks.(1872-5) 
II. 374 The Duke .. embraced this matter, 1818 Jas. 
Mut Brit. India Il. v, vi. 559 When the wisdom of parlia- 
ment embraced the subject of the government of India. 

3. To entwine, encircle, surround ; to clasp, en- 
close. Zt. and fig. 

1360 Song of Mercy in E. E. P. (1862) 122 Wormes blake 
wol vs enbrace. 14.. Purif. Marie (Tundale’s Vis. 130) 
The passyng joy that can hys hart enbrace. 1447 BokENHAM 
Seyntys (1835) 44 b, Here that is of grace the welle Of hyr 
wombe sche [the mother of the Virgin Mary] dede enbrace. 
1535 CovERDALE Song Sol, ii. 6 His right hande embraceth 
me. 1607 SHaxs. Cor. v. ii. 7 You’l see your Rome em- 
brac’d with fire. 1704 Appison Italy (1733) 40 The whole 
Town redoubled Walls embrace. 1796 WITHERING Ar- 


EMBRACEMENT. 


rangem, Brit, Pl, 111. 56 Leaves arrow-shaped at the base, 
embracing the stem. 1802 Prayrair [/lustr. Hutton. The. 

8 It is on both sides firmly embraced by the whinstone. 
7884 Times (weekly ed.) 29 Aug. 14/1 The woods, embracing 
lawns and sloping corn fields. 

b. Of an event: ? To lay hold upon, touch 
(the heart). Ods. rare. 

¢ 1430 LypGate Bochas’ Falles of Princes U1. xxvi. (1554) 
62 This auenture .. The heart of Cyrus gan somewhat en- 
brace And caused him for to be piteous Ageine Cresus. 

+e. zntr. To wrap, circle about. Ods. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens 388 The blacke Ivie .. groweth upon 
trees and hedges, about the whiche it embraceth, 

4. Of things: To include, contain, comprise. 
So of persons: To include or comprise 27. 

1697 DrypEn Virg. Georg. 11. 60 Not that my Song .. So 
large a Subject fully can embrace. 1825 Coppetr Ru. 
Rides 408 Thus the two classes embrace all legitimate mer- 
chants. 1846 Prescott Ferd. & /s. II. xix. 181 The other 
productions of this indefatigable scholar embrace a large 
circle of topics. 1860 TynpaLL Glac. 1. § 4. 33 The time 
occupied..embraced about five whole days. 1885 F. Trem- 
PLE Relat. Relig. & Sc. vii. 196 Some of these events .. are 
substantive facts embraced in the message delivered. od. 
It_is impossible to embrace all the cases in a single formula. 

5. To take in with the eye or the mind; also 
with these as subject. 

1831 Brewster Newton (1855) II. xxiv. 356 The. .distance 
.. which his eye can embrace on the surface of the earth. 
1853 H. Rocers £cl. Faith 308 Religious truth .. is em- 
braced by the understanding. 1877 E. Conner Bas. Faith 
ii. 69 The infinite .. the intellect can seize though not em- 
brace. 1884 77aes (weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 5/3 You embrace 
the whole broad panorama of wood and water. 

Embrace (embré‘is), v8 Zaw. [apparently a 
back-formation from the agent-noun EMBRACER2.] 
trans. To attempt to influence (a juryman, etc.) 
corruptly and illegally. Also adso/. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 77 Also there to embrace and rule 
among youre pore. 1591 LAMBARDE A7ch. (1635) 202 That 
if any person shall (for his owne gaine) embrace any Jurie 
or Inquest. 1769 BLackstoNnE Comm. LV. 140 The punish- 
ment for the person embracing is by fine and imprisonment. 
1809 in Tomiins Law Dict. 

+Embra‘ce, v.4 Os. Also 4 imbrace, 6 
enbrace, -se. [f. En- + Brace sd.2] ¢rans. To 
fix with a brace or buckle; to fasten, fit close. 

[Perh. suggested by a misapprehension of Emprace v.!] 

201475 Sgr. lowe Degre 227 in Ritson A/et. Rom. III. 
154 Your plates unto your body shal be enbraste. 1509 
Hawes Past, Pleas. xxvu. \xv, And to his legge he my 
stede enbraced. 1596 SpeNsER /. Q. U1. i. 26 Who.. His 
warlike armes about him gan embrace. 

Embraceable (embréi'sab’l), a. [f. Empracr 
v.2 + -ABLE.] Capable of being embraced ; in- 
viting an embrace. 

1841 Hor. Smitu Moneyed Man II. ii. 40 Fortune ! in- 
stant, tangible, embraceable, Fortune! 1879 W. CoL.ins 
My Lady's Money iv, The men.. finding it [her figure] 
essentially embraceable, asked for nothing more. 

Hence Embra‘ceably adv., in a manner that 
invites an embrace. 

1857 W. CoLtins Dead Secret (1861) 31 A little too much 
inclined to be embraceably plump. 


Embra‘ced, #7/. a.!_ [f. Emprace v.2 
In various senses of the vb. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. viii. 52 And quicken his ém- 
braced heauinesse. 1599 THYNNE Aximadv. Ded., Of that 
most excellente and yet embraced Custome, 1654 R. Cop- 
RINGTON tr. Hist, Justine 331 With her own body she pro- 
tected the embraced bodies of her children, 


Embra‘ced, #//. 2.2, Her. [f. Emprace v.4 + 
-ED.] Braced together, tied or bound together. 

+ Embra‘celet. Os. xave—1. In 6 enbrace- 
lett. = BRACELET. 

1533-9 T. St. Ausyn in Lisle Papers XIII. 96 Thanks 
for your token mine enbracelett. 

Embracement (embréismént). Also 6-7 im-. 
[f. EmBRAcE v. + -MENT; or a, OF. embracement, 
F. embrassement: see EMBRACE v.2] The action 
of embracing. 

1. An enfolding in the arms = EMBRACE sd. I. 

1485 Caxton St. Wenefr. 2, 1..desyred the to be ioyned 
to mynenbracementes. 1591 HarincTon O7/. Fur. xxiii. vii, 
She .. went to him..With words. .and with embracements. 
1598 Yonc Diana 138 If thou knewest from whom this 
imbracement came. 1650 Howe. Revolutions in Naples 

3 Masaniello, prostrating himself at the feet of the Viceroy, 
he kiss’d his knee, after which embracement, etc. 1670 
Mitton Hist. Enget. Wks. (1851) 22 Conuvenna. .after im- 
bracements and teares, assails him with. .a motherly power. 
1720 WELTON Suffer. Son. of God I. viii. 176 Since I have 
shunn’d thy Dear Embracements, O Thou my Soul’s 
Bridegroom. 1829 J. Witson in Blachw. Mag. XXV. 553 
Embracements that blended spirit with spirit! c¢ 1850 
Neate Hymns East. Ch. 52 Embrace me with the last 
embracement. 


b. fig. 
pn ae Europe Spec. (1632) a To the end that .. 
they might. .cast them selves. .into the armes and embrace- 
ments of Spaine for safeguard. 1658 R. Franck Worth. 
Mem. (1821) 21 Him that throws vertue into the embrace- 
ments of vice. 1677 GitpiIn Demonol. (1867) 96 They.. 
consider not that they have received into their embracement 
another ftemptation], _ i 
ce. zransf. in certain occasional uses. 
1g80 Sipney Arcadia 70 [The bear] being ready to giue 
me a shrewd embracement. 1842 Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 
480 Take a wide embracement of the water towards you, 
one good armful will bring you round directly. a 


+ -ED.] 


EMBRACEMENT. 


+2. What one takes in hand, an undertaking. 
Cf. EMBRACE v.? 2 h, 

Naunton 77 Reg. (Arb.) 37 [Sir Francis Wal- 
Pe A) was one of the great all of the A jan 
em ments. @1662 Heyiin Laud i. 506 Some .. com- 
plained, that his Embracements were too large and general. 

3. A clasping, encircling, closely surrounding. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 58 The Parts in Mans body easily 
reparable, as Spirits, Bloud, and Flesh, die in the Embrace- 
ment of the Parts Bin conn le, as Nerues and 
Membranes. 1622-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 80 Ra- 
venna, sii in the emb of two Rivers. 1850 
BLackie barat ge I. 95 Quick, each hand with sure em- 
bracement hold the dagger by the hilt! _ X 

b. fg. An embracing or taking in with the eye 
or the mind. ; 

1599 Davies Jmmort. Soul 23 Nor can her wide Em- 
bracements filled bee. 1837 Howrrr Rur. Life v. iii. (1862) 
386 Their intellectual vision widened to the emb 
of the universe. 5 

4. fig. An approving acceptance (of a doctrine, 
religion, etc.) ; a cheerful acceptance (of some- 
thing onered). Py ae i 

in Strype Zcc?. Mem. 1. App. Ixiii. 1 fection to- 
Be S ‘the favorable embrasement of Gode word, 1611 
Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. vu. ix. (1632) 242 The Conuersion of 
the Northumbrians to the imbracement of Christian Reli- 
gion. 1666 G. Atsor Maryland (1869) 89 What Destiny 
has ordered I am resolved. .to subscribe to, and with a con- 
tented imbracement enjoy it. 1713 Beverince Priv. Th. 
1. 106 Their Wills in the Embracement of the Chiefest Good. 

Embracement, var. f. EMBRASEMENT, Ods, 

Embracer ! (embréisax). Also 6 imb-. [f. 
EMBRACE v.2 + -ER.] One who embraces. 

1. One who clasps (a person) in his arms. 

21794 Sir W. Jones Sougs Fayadeva (R.), Bashful at 
first, she smiles at length on her embracer. 1839 DickENs 


Nich. Nick. xxx, Performed by the embracer’s laying his | 


or her chin on the shoulder of the object of affection. 1885 
Norris Adrian Vidal Il. 302 Adrian was the embracer 
whom his wife had seen. : ; 

2. One who adopts (a doctrine, religion, etc.), or 
takes up (a line of conduct, etc.). 


1547 BauLpwin Mor. Philos. m. iii, Embracers of their | 


owne aduice. 1598 Yonc Diana 331 Imbracers of all kinde 
of vice. 16rx Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. v1. xviii. 100 You per- 
secute to the death all the Embracers of that Profession. 
1674 Consid. Peace & Goodw, Prot. 13 The afflicted Nether- 
landers, embracers of the same Religion She professed. 

Embracer? (embréisa1). Zaw. Forms: 5 
ymbrasour, 6 enbracer, 6-9 embraceor, 6- 
embracer. [a. AF., OF. embraceor, -aseor insti- 
gator, ‘boutefeu, ou qui par male signification 
duyt autre a mal faire’ (Gloss cited by Godef.), 
f. embraser lit. ‘to set on fire’, EMBRASE v. ; for 
the development of meaning cf. Entice v. The 
word was used in the statute 38 Edw. III. st. 11. 
cap. 12, which provides penalties for /es embra- 
ceours demesner ou procurer tielx enquestes, i.e. 
those who instigate to bring about such (fraudu- 
lent) inquests as have been previously referred to in 
the act. 
this passage seems to have become its technical 
sense ; hence, by back-formation, EMBRACE v.3] 

One who attempts to influence a jury corruptly. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. V//, c. 24 Preamb., Unlawfull maynten- 
ours, ymbrasours and Jurrours. 1g02 ARNOLDE Chron, (1811) 

Enbracer of questis or other comon mysdoers. 1581 
Seciehabe Eiiren. m. i. (1588) 313 The same Justices shall 
also certifie the names of the maintainours and embracers. 
1598 Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 411 Embraceor is he which 
comes to the Bar with the party, and speaks in the matter, 
or is there to overlook the Jury, or to put them in fear. 
Cowet /nterpr.s.v. Dectes tantum, It lieth also against 
embracers that procure such an enquest (by suborning a 
jury). 1697 View Penal Laws 312 If the Tater or Em- 

racer have not whereof to make gree, he shall er a 
years imprisonment. 1809 Tomuns Law Dict. s.v., If the 

y himself instruct a juror, or promise any reward for 
is a) rance, then the party is likewise an embraceor. 
+ Embra’cer ®. Obs. [f. Emprace v.4] He 
who or that which braces or fastens; a brace, bond. 

1548 Hatt Chron, Hen. VI, an. 2 (R.) Affinitie is an em- 
bracer of amitie. / 

Embracery (embréiséri). Zaw. Forms: 5 
enbraciarie, ymbracery, 6-7 em-, imbracerie, 
-braserie, 5- embracery, [f. AF. embraceour 
EMBRACER ” ; see -RY.] ; 

The offence of an embracer; the offence of in- 
fluencing a jury illegally and both toe 8 

1450 J. Paston Lett. I. 145 To enquere, here and determyn 
all. :embraceries. 1487 Act 3 Hen. VI/, c. 1 § 1 By enden- 
tur, promyses, othes, writyng or otherwise, enbraciaries of 
his subgettes. 1598 Kircuin Courts Leet (679), One 
skilled in the Law, may give the evidence for his Fee to 
the Jury, and it is noimbracery. 1617 in Rymer Fadera 
(1710) XVII. 32 Imbraseries, a VAuGHAN 
in Phenix (1721) 1. 423 Unless Imbracery, Subornation, or 
the like were join’d. 1808 Bentnam Sc. Reform 72 To the 
same Jury not so well, on account of the ger or suspi- 
cion of embracery, and so forth. 1887 Times 31 Mar. 3/5 
The plaintiff. .was charged. .with the offence of embracery. 

Embracing (embrésin), vd/. 50.1 [f. Em- 
BRACE v.2 + -ING!.] The action of the vb. Em- 
BRACE in its various senses. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pers. T. ® 870 To ben a clene widewe, and 
to eschiewe the eee of men, 14.. Epiph. (Tun- 
dale's Vis, 113) And all the obreetas ot Oe goodly ch 5 
1474 Caxton Chesse 11. ii, She shold sitte on the lift side of 


114 


for the .. enbrasyng id. 
‘acions i. i. 112 Thei ab 
neither of sister ne mother. 1, M. 
130/t His nobles .. he did allure to the imbrasing of good 
letters. 1566 Gascoicne Supfoses Wks. (1587) 11 
well .. the kind im! y 
Pari... (ed. 2) 7 The 
1 


EMBRAZURE. 


(ed. 2) 62 Physical 


Crusoe I, xiii. 223 Eager emb 
of the objet. 1827 aise: Cowe T. 9 tbe kinder 
i (embréi'sin), vl. sb.2 Law. [f. 
= EmBRAcEry. 


corru} 
cing, ///.a. [f. EMBRACE v.” + -1NG2.] 
That encircles, surrounds, or encloses. 

1590 Spenser F. Q, u. xii. 54 A h .. Archt over head 
with an embracing vine. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. u. 
(1626) 21 The Land-imbracing Sea. 1863 E. Neate Ana/. 
Th, §& Nat. 98 The all-embracing Divine Being. 

Hence Embra‘cingly adv., in an embracing 
manner: @ as one or as those who embrace; 
b. with wide comprehension, comprehensively. 
Embra‘cingness, the quality of that which em- 
braces or comprehends ; a. 

1825 Blackw. » XVIII. 451 "Tween whose soft breasts 
lie nestling fervent love And maiden modesty embracingly. 
1850 Lyncu 7heo. Trin. v. 78, I knelt before her half em- 
bracingly. 1872 Contemp. Rev. XX. 823 The absoluteness 
which means all-embracingness. 1882 Mase. Coins Cod- 
webs III, 151 The wide embracingness of his stern cruelty. 

Embracive (embré'siv), a. nonce-wd, forge. 
larly f. Emprace v.+-Ive.] Given to or fond of 
embracing ; embracing demonstratively. 

1855 THacKERAY Nezwcomes (1869) 11, xix, Not less kind. . 
though less expansive and embracive, was Madame de 
Montcontour to my wife. 

+Embrai‘d, v.! Ovs. Forms: 5 enbrayde, 
6 en-, embraid, -brayde. Also 6 imbraid, 
-braied, -brayd. [f. Ey- + Bram v.2 ; cf. ABRAID 
v.2] trans. To upbraid, taunt, mock; const. of, 
with. Also, to reproach one with, ‘ cast in one’s 
teeth’. 

1481 Caxton Orat. G. Flamineus F vii, in Tully of Old 


| Age My lytil feelde of the which I am enbrayded by Corneli 


The contextual meaning of the word in | 


| shal suffise for our dayly lyuelode. 1532 ELyor Gov. (1580) 


16 He was of his enimies embrayded, and called a schoole 
master. 1540 Morysine tr. Vives’ Introd. Wysd. Pref., 
Never imbraidinge benefites gyven and paste. 1548 Hat 
Chron. (1809) 265 To imbrayd him with the pleasure that he 
had done for him. 1573 Tusser Husé. (1878) 205 If ye be 
friends embraid me not. 1582 Benttey Mon. Matrones u.1 
With .. words, which I knowe to be foolish .. I imbraid 
thee. 

+Embrai‘d, v.2 Ods. Forms: 5 enbrayd, 6 
enbraid, -brade, embread. [f. En- + Brarp v.1] 

trans. @. To fasten or sew on like braid. b. 
To plait or braid ; to interlace, intertwine, 

Hence Embrai‘ding vé/. sé. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W.)1. xlix. (1495) 95 b, 
(He] lyued by enbraydynge and weuynge of cordes ot louis. 
1523 Spaeran Gank Laurel 789 The saumpler to sow on, 
the lacis to enbraid. 1545 Raynotp Womans Booke 18 
They [the vessels] begynne to entermyngle, enbrade, and 
enterlade each other. 1596 SPENSER As mt. vi. 18 Her 
golden lockes .. in tresses bright Embreaded were. 

+ Embrai‘d, v.5 Obs. rare—'. -In (?5) 6 en- 
brayde. [f. En- + Brat v.1; see Asana trans. 
= ABRAID, to arouse. 

1430 Lypc. Troy v. xxxvii. (1555) Pelleus..gan..Pirrhus 
to. .enbrayde [1513 abrayde] out of his deadly thoughte. 

Embrail : see Em- prefix. 

+ Embrake, v. Oés. Also 6 enbrake. [f. 
En- + BRAKE shy trans. To lead into a brake or 
snare, entangle. 

1542 Uva. Erasm. A poph. 286 Enbraked in the middes 
of those mortalle streights. 1599 Nasue Lent. Stuffe 6: 
Hee would .. hamper and embrake her in those morta’ 
straights for her disdain. 

+ Embra‘nched, #//. a. Obs. rare. 
Brancu sd. + -ED; OF. had embrane: 
sense.] Furnished with branches. 

c1s95 J. Dickenson Sheph. Compl. (1878) 9 Vnder an 
Arboret embranched wide this, «Swaine. .did fhe. 

Embranchment (embra'nfmént). [fas prec. 
+-MENT : cf. Fr. embranchement.] A branching off 
or out, as of an arm of a river, a spur of a moun- 
tain-range ; concr.a branch, ramification. Also fig. 

re Lyewt Princ, Geol. 1, 194 The lateral embranchments 
of the main valley of the ec. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. 
Faith v1. § 6. 405 Human life is divided into two em \- 
ments. 1862 G. P. Scrore Volcanoes 365 
ments or strings of conoidal hills. 1876 Quan Elem. Anat. 
(ed. 8) II. 157 The sympathetic set of nerves is a mere.. 
embranchment of the cerebro-spinal s' 1877 CLery 
Min, Tact. xiv. 201 Thi int of embranchment [of the 


t 

road] was screened by a rf ge. 
AP bra‘nd, v. Oés. Also 7 imbrand; fa. 
pple. embrant. [f. Ex- + Branp v.] trans. To 
brand, stigmatize ; to impress (a stigma). 

1604 Daniet. Fun. Poem Earl Devonshire Our own fame 
.. Will be imbranded with the mark of blame. Ww. 
Liste Du Bartas, Noe 2 Rogues passport t 


between his brows. 
le, ‘le (em-, imbra'ng’l), 
v. [f. EN-, IN- + BRANGLE v.'] érans. To entangle, 


confuse, perplex. 
1664 Butter ud. 1, iii, 19 In knotted Law, like Nets .. 


f, En- + 
in same 


ae ions .. brangled with .. metaphysics. 
branglemens (embrzeng’lmént), [f. prec. 
+-MENT.] ‘The action of the aod rom on or 
the result of such action; entanglement, compli- 
cation, confusion. 

pat 2 Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) Post. 
Gr 0. tanglement brangl of 


‘oans No. 9 ig 

the latter [her feet], in her endless train. 'T. Hook in 
New Monthly Mag. LV. 434 All these em lements 
conduced vary nee to the re which the € an- 
ticipated. 1861 Times 22 Feb. 9 Under the control of Par- 
liament there would be no such embranglement 


t. 
Embrant, pa. pple. of EmBranD v., Obs. 
+ Embra‘se, v. Ods. Also 5 enbrace, em- 
brass, 6 enbrase, 7 Sc. embrayis. [a. F. ev- 


brase-r, f. en in + *brase, braise hot charcoal.] 
1. trans. To set = fire. oe 
Caxton Ovid's Met. xiv. i, Ethna, 
Eibbrased wt fyre of helle. bam nor a 
(1599) 607 The powder. . being embrased of the fire. 

2. fig. To inflame with passion, etc. 

33 Caxton Gold. Leg. 88/1 Saynt Nicholas enbraced 
with the loue of god sette hym har vly ayenst the righter. 
1490 — Eneydos xiv. 50 Her grete re embrasid wyth 
the swete flamme of loue. a@x1605 Montcomerte Bankis 
Helicon 102 Hir birning beawtie dois embrayis My breist. 

nee t eta , ae a 

1 Ord. sten Men (W. de le) rv. xxi. (1 
vor tow of eons or of the enbrasynge iste 

+ Embra‘sement. 0s. [a. F. embrasement: 
see EMBRASE v. and -MENT.] A burning, confla- 
gration ; /zt. and fig. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 249/4 He ouercam thembrace- 
mentes of the fyre of helle. 

Embrassa‘de. rvare—'. [a. Fr. emédrassade, f. 
embrasser to EMBRACE.] A process of embracing. 

1830 Miss Mitrorp Our Village Ser. 4 (1863) 269 Miss 
Laura made a h in her w: style..at the conclusion 
of which Miss Barbara underwent an embrassade. 

+ Embra‘sure, sé. Obs. rare. [f. Emprace v.2 
+-URE.] = EMBRACE. 

1606 SHaxs. 77. & Cr. 1v. iv. 39 Preuents Our lock’t em- 

res. 

Embrasure (embréziiiz), 53.2 Also em- 
brazure. [a. F. embrasure (16th c.), £. embraser 
‘to skue or chamfret off the jaumbes of a door or 
window’ (Cotgr.), synon. with draser (Cotgr.) 
and the mod.F. ébraser.] 

1. A slanting or bevelling in the sides of an 
opening to a wall for a window or door, so that 
the inside profile of the window is larger than that 
of the outside. 


1753 Cuamaers Cycl. Suppi., Embrasure, in architecture, 
an en) cman of or aperture of a door or window, 
within-side the wall. in Wessrer. Car 
Fredk, Gt. (1865) 1. vu. vii. 329 
in the embrasure of a window. wk G. Scorr Lei 
Archit, 1, 181 The spreading or em! of the jam! 
increases the openings rman ; ae 

2. Mil. An opening widening from within made 
in an epaulement or parapet for the purpose of 
ones a gun to be fired through it. 

1702 Milit, Dict., Embrasures, the Gaps or 
left in a Parapet for the Cannon to fire thre 
x eaTson Nav. § Mil. Mem. 1. 47 Setting himself 
H bad to the wall under an embrasure. 1813 Scorr Rokeby 
v. xxxiv, The is ont count each lopoe no pepe 
LAKE Crimea (1877. +i. 124 i ight at one 
embrasures [he] leapt his Pate the breastwork. 

b. A port-hole for the same purpose in a ship. 

1759 FALCONER Ship 43 Guns .. From dread em- 

. attrib. 

1809 Naval Chron. XX11. 514 An embrasure battery of 
four guns. 1881 Daily News 29 Aug. 3/4, 1.. jumped down 
on the embrasure port. 

Embrasure (embré'ziiiz), v. trans. To fur- 
nish with embrasures, Hence Embra‘sured f//. a. 

Naval Chron. X11. 500 The Fort ,. being com- 
pl b d Blackw. Mag, UXXIV. 73 He 
conid. have rushed to is, embrasured the walls. 

Mrs. H, Kina Pep Ugo Bassi iv. (ed. 3) 160 The 


Embrave (embré'v), v. Also enbrave. [f. 
En- + BRAVE adj.] trans, To make braye. 

+1. To adorn splendidly ; to embellish, beau- 
tify. Cf. BRavE 2. Ods. 

1579 Srenser Sheph. Cal. Nov. 109 The faded flowres her 
corse embraue, G. Frercuer Christ's Vict. um. ii 
And with their verdure his white head embraves. 
oe Nat. xvi. 9 Each with circling gold embraved 


LYLE 
They pet oe 8 ar 
bs 


fn oll Big“ have been enbraved into the very 
heroism of sacrifice trial came, 
Embrawd: see EmBro 


EMBREACH. 


+ Embrea‘ch, v. JZ/. Obs. Also 6 imbrech. 
f. EN- + BREACH sd.] a. intr. To enter a breach. 

. trans.. To make a breach in. ‘ 

1581 Srywarp Martial Discipi. 1. 38 Imbrech he with his 

igne advancing with the f 1610 Hottanp Cam- 
den’s Brit. 1. 379 New walles, which..time doth force, and 
as it were embreach with his assault. 

+ Embreard, v. xonce-wd. In 6 enbread. [f. 
En-+Breap.] ¢vans. To convert into, or incor- 
porate in, bread. 

1548 Geste Pr. Masse 86 Why then shuld it [the godhede] 
be adjudged enbreaded for hys presence in the breade. 

Embread, var. of Emprarp v.? 

Embreastment (embre'stmént). ? sonce-wid. 

f, En- + Breast+-MENT.] A breast-like swell- 
ing of the ground. 

1799 CoteripcE in Mew Monthly Mag. (1835) XLV. 219 
A green plain, which heaved up and down in hillocks and 
embreastments of earth. 5 

Embreathe (embri‘S), v. 
breathe, -brethe. See also IMBREATHE, 
BREATHE. [f. EN- + BREATHE v.] 

1. ¢vans. To breathe (something) z¢o; to inspire 
(a person) with. Also, to give breath to. 

@ 1529 SKELTON Dethe Erle Northumberl. 157 Enbrethed 
with the blast of influence deuyne. — Gest Pr. Masse 
86 The holy ghost is accompted enbreathed for that he was 
presented in Christes breathe. 1599 T. M[ouret] Si/k- 
wormes 1 What breth embreath’d these almost thingles 
things. @16rz Broucuton Wks. III. 728 To embreath 
into your MY. the speech. .condemned. 

2. To breathe in, inhale. In quot. fg. 

18.. M. Arnotp Poems, Heine's Grave, May’st thou the 
rapture of peace Deep have embreathed at its core. 

Hence Embrea‘thing vé/. sh. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 86 Wrytten by the enbrethinge of 


Also 5-6 en- 
In- 


the holy ghost. 

Embrea‘thement. rare—', [f.prec. +-MENT.] 
= INSPIRATION. 

1854 W. Lee Jusfiration i. 19 The immediate suggestion, 
embreathment, and dictation of the Holy Ghost. 

Embreech: see Em- prefix. 

+Embre've, v. Ols. In 3 en-, ambreve. [ad. 
OF. emébrever, corresp. to med.L. imbrevidre In- 
BREVE v., f. z#- in + breve: see BREVE, BRIEF sé.] 
trans. To make a formal entry of ; to inscribe. 

¢ 1225 Ancren Riwle 344 Nis non so lutel ping of beos pet 
pe deouel nauepb enbreued [v.7. ambreued] on his rolle. 
c 1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 249 His boc bat is on 
euch sunne enbrev. 

Embrew, obs. form of Imprvux. 

+Embri‘dle, v. Ods. rave. In 6 enbridle. 
[f Ex-+ BRIDLE sd.] ¢rans. To restrain as with 
a bridle. 

1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deuteron, \xii. 1003 Threat- 
nings whereby God woulde . . holde vs enbridled. 

mbrigade (embrigéid), v. rare. [ad. Fr. 
embrigader, f. en- + brigade.| To form into a bri- 
gade; fig., to form into an organized body. 

1884 Zimes 2 Feb. 9 The entire nobility are embrigaded 
into an official hierarchy. 

+Embri‘ght, v. Ods. [f. En- + Bricur a.] 
trans. ‘To render bright. Hence Embri-ghted 
ppl. a. 

1598 SytvesTer Du Bartas 1. iv. (1641) 37 So doth the 

lorious lustre Of radiant Titan, with his beams embright 

hy gloomy Front. 1766 J. CunnincHam Death late Maj. 
xxx, Mercy..Through the embrighted air ascendant flies. 

Embri‘ghten, v. Also 7 imbrighten. [f. 
En- + Bricur a.+-EN.] ¢vans. = BRIGHTEN. 

Hence Embri-ghtening //. a. 

1610 G. Frercuer Christ's Triumph xvi, Whose gar- 
ment imbrightned into heau’nly flame. 1652 E. Ben- 
Lowes Theophila 22 Embrightning our knowledge. did. 
v. xcvi, Like duskie atoms in the suns embrightning ray. 
18s5 R. C. Sincreton tr. Virgil Il. 315 Even Messapus’s 
embrightening helm. 


+Embri'ng. Oés. rare. In 4 pa. ¢. embrouste. 
Cf. Imprine. [f. En- + Brine v.] ¢vans. To 


bring in. 

£1385 Floriz & Bl. (Hauskn.) 863 (Auchinl. MS.) And 3af 
him here malisoun pat so fele floures embrou3te on honde. 

+Embroca‘do. Oés. Also 7 imbrocado. 
{corrupt form of Improcoara, as if Spanish : see 
-aDo.] A pass or thrust in fencing. 

2c 1600 Distracted Emp. ww. ii, in Bullen Old Plays ILI. 
233 Favorytts are not without their steccados, imbrocados, 
See pemtcl covernce. 1607 Dekker Kuts. Conjur. (1842) 
16 Hee. .taught him [Cayn] that embrocado by which te 
kild his brother. 1613 WirHeErs Abuses Stript § Whipt 1. 
v, They are for nothing but the Imbrocado. 

+ Embroca‘do, v. Ols. vare. [f. En- + brocado 
=Brooabg, q.v.] ¢vans. ?' To adorn with brocade 
work. Hence Embroca‘doing wé/. sb. ( fig.). 

1677 Fertuam Resolves 1. \xxxiv. (ed 10) 339 What are all 
.. the embellishings, the embrocadoings of Fortune to us. 

Embrocate (embrékeit), v. Med. Also 7 em- 
brochate, imbrocate. [f. med.L. embrocat- ppl. 
stem of embrocdre, f. embrocha: see EMBROCH.] 
trans. To bathe or foment (a part of the body) 
with liquid, in order to remove or mitigate disease. 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 303 In Wounds of 
Gun-shot..Embrocate often. 1 EPPER Riverius v. i. 

25 The T. may be emb: with Oxymel. 

OYLE Sea Chyrurg. u. vi. 49 When you have imbrocate 


115 


all about with Oylof Roses. 1722 Douctas in Pil. Trans. 
XXXII. 85, I embrocated all the Abdomen .. with warm 
Ol. Chamzmel. 1815 Byron Lett. to Moore 12 June, He 
has been embrocated. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxv. 252. 

Embrocation (embrokéi‘fen). Jed. Also 7 
embrochation. [n. of action f. med.L. embrocare: 
see Se and -ATION.] 

+1. The action of embrocating. Ods. 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. (1586) 437 It is an embro- 
cation when we drop down liquor from a hyer place upon 
some part of the bodie. 1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. 
XXVI xxx. (1678) 650 An Embroche or Embrocation, is a 
watering. : : 4 

2. A liquid used for bathing or moistening any 
diseased part ; now usually restricted to those ap- 
plied by rubbing ; a liniment. 

1610 Barroucu Meth. nfs geores I. ii. (1639) 4 Embrocations 
(that is, decoctions made of certaine things to powre upon 
any member). 1748 Smottert Rod. Rand. xxviii, He 
bathed the doctor’s face with an embrocation. 1831 Brew- 
steR Nat. Magic i. 3 Drugs and soporific embrocations. 

+ Embro‘ch(e, sd. Os. Also 6 embrocha. 
[ad. med.L. embrocha, ad. Gr. éuBpoxn lotion, 
related to éuBpéxev to steep, foment, f. év in+ 
Bpéxey to wet (as with rain).] = EMBROCATION 2. 

1585 Lioyp Treas. Health 5 Embrocha is when the 
membre is washed gentilly wyth a sponge dypt in the decoc- 
tion of diuerse herbes. 1605 DanieL Queen's Arcadia, 
Strange Speech Of..Embroches, Lixives, Cataplasmes. 
1657 Tomunson Kenou’s Disp. 192 An Embroche or Inrri- 
gation is compounded of Simples. 

+ Embro‘che, v.! Ods. rave—'. [f. prec. ; or ad. 
OF. embrochier or med.L. embroc(h)are.] trans. 
= EMBROCATE. 

1575 Turserv. Bk. Venerie 367 Washing and embroching 
the dogges throate..with vinegar. 

+Embro‘che, v.2 Obs. rare. Also 7 em- 
broach. [f. En- + Brocur v.] trans. To stitch 
on by way of ornament. 

161z SreED Hist. Gt. Brit. vu. vii. (1632) 228 Precious 
Gemmes, embroched in the Celebrating Vestures. 1697 
Observ. Money & Coin 5 Besides precious Gems Embroach’d 
upon the Celebrating Vestments. 

+ Embro‘che, v.3 Ods. In 5 enbroche. [ad. 
F. embroche-r, f. en- (see EN-) + bvoche BROACH sé. 
spit.) ¢vans. To put on a skewer or spit. 

c1420 Liber Cocorunt (1862) 34 Kostyf of motone .. En- 
brochyd shal be. /47d. 35 Fysshe thou schalle enbroche. 

Embroglio, bad form of Improe.io. 

1826 Scorr Woodst. xx, Out of a cursed embroglio during 
the attack on Brentford. 1868 Morn. Star 2 Jan. 

+ Embroi'd, v. Obs. rare. [f. EN- + Brorp v.] 
trans. To entwine, braid. 

1573 Twynk 2neid x. Ddiijb, Gold embroyding bynds 
their docks. 

+ Embroi‘der, 52. Obs. rare—}. [f. prec. (in 
sense of next: cf. Brorp wv. and OF. emdbroder) + 
-ER.] = EMBROIDERER. 

1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcel. 12 Close vnto the front of 
the chariot marcheth all the sort of weavers and em- 
broiders. | : 

Embroider (embroi‘da1), v. Forms: 5 en- 
browder, -brouder, (onbrouder), embrawdre, 
5-7 embrother, 6 enbroder, enbrauder, em- 
brouder, 7 embroder, embroader, embroyder, 
7-embroider. Also 5-6 imbrowder, 6 imbrother, 
imbrodur, imbroyder, 6-7 imbroder, 7 im- 
brayder, 7-8 imbroider. [f. En- + BRomeEr ; cf. 
OF. embroder.] 

1. trans. To omament with needlework; to 
work in needlework upon cloth, etc. Also aédsol. 

14.. Epiph. (Tundale’s Vis. 114) Yor quene .. Of no 
devyse enbrowdyrd hath hir wede. 1420 Chron. Vilod. 
572 Pis palle enbroudryd wt gold so rede. 1475 Juv. Goods 
in Rep. Comm. Hist. MSS. 1. 555 A cloth of blac worstede. . 
with a whyte crosse imbrowderyd in v placis. 1483 Caxton 
Gold. Leg. 331/2 A noble woman..was desyred tembrawdre 
certayne garmentes. 1494 Househ. Ord. 125 Above the 
opening. .to bee embrothered the Kings and Queens armes. 
1521 Mem. Rifon (1882) I. 183 With S. George on horsbake 
uppon the brest of the said abbit inbrowderid. 1552 xv. 

Goods Norwich in Norfolk Archzol. (1865) VII. 51 
Twoo coopes of white damaske embroudered wt Lillypotts. 
1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 197 Buskynnes..im- 
brothered with gold. c1g595 J. Dickenson Sheph. Compl. 
(1878) 21 A faire hearse curiouslie embrothered, 1651 W. G. 
tr. Cowel’s Inst. 63 If any one. .imbrayder his Purple in my 
garment. 1680 Anne Montacue in Hatton Corr. (1878) 
241 A cheery coulerd satten embroderyed with silver thick. 
Xr BerkeELey Querist § 111 The women. .embroider. . for 
the embellishment of their persons. 1848 Macautay His?. 
Eng. 11.476 Themotto, embroidered in letters three feet long. 

* b. transf. To ornament or variegate as if with 
embroidery. Sometimes zvonically, to besmear with 
dirt or blood. Oés. 

1460 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 132 Pese gloues.. 
Onbroudrid with blood. | 1591 Lyty Exdym. 1. iii. 13 Their 
braines must as it were imbroder my bolts. SPENSER 
State Irel. 49 Guilded leather with which they use to 
imbroyder their Irish Jackets. 1624 Carr. Smitu Virginia 
u. 30 Breasts and face. .imbrodered with. .beasts, serpents. 
¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawrn. Poems Wks. (1711) 38/1 Meadows 
Embroyd’ring all the banks. c 1640 [SuiRLEY] Caft. Under- 
wit mi. iii. in Budlen’s Old Pl. 11. 367 To Westminster In 
our torne gownes, embroiderd with Strand dirt. 1685 R. 
Burton Exg. Emp. Amer. iv. 68 The Women imbroider 
their Legs, Hands and other parts with divers works. 1762-71 
H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 111. 155 A whole 
gallery embroidered in pannels by his hand. 


EMBROIDERY. 


2. In various figurative uses 
+a. To make splendid, dignify. Ods. 

1629 SymMer Sfir. Posie u1. vi. 39 So by his Humilitie he 
embroydered the basenesse of his birth, a@1667 CowLry 
Obscurity Wks. (1710) II. 704 Nor let my homely Death 
embroider’d be With Scutcheon, or with Elegy. 

+b. To set forth in florid language. Cf. paint. 

1636 Heatey Theophrast. 20 Embroidering and painting 
out his praise. 1648 Hunting of Fox 3 Hee sang a song.. 
in which .. he passionatly embroyder’s what he had done 
for his well beloved. 

e. To embellish with rhetorical ornament or with 
fictitious additions or exaggerations. 

1614 RaceiGu Hist. World 1. 367 The Grecian Historians 
and Poets imbroder and intermixe the tales of ancient times, 
with a world of fictions. 1638 Frattey Transub. 23 The 
Doctor made an eloquent speech, imbroidered with all 
variety of learning. ax ALPOLE Mem. Geo. IT, (1847) 
III. iv. 97 He had embroidered his own story with some 
marvellous legends. 1848 Mrs. JamMEson Sacr. §& Leg. Art 
(1850) 326 The history of Vincent..has Leen extravagantly 
embroidered. 1884 Weekly Register 18 Oct. 503/1 Whether 
the legend. .was accurate or embroidered, Lord Malmesbury 
best knows. a . 

Embroidered (embroi‘dord). ff/. a. [f. Em- 
BROIDER v. + -ED 1,] 

1. Of textile fabrics, leather, etc.: Adorned or 
variegated with figures of needlework. Also of 
the needlework itself. 

1591 FrLorio 2nd Fruttes g That [girdle] of blew veluet, 
embrothered. 1593 Suaks. 3 //ex. V/, 11. v. 44 A rich Im- 
broider’d Canopie. 1609 Biste (Douay) Lev. viii. comm., 
A girdle..of twisted silke and gold, embrodered worke. 
1665 Boyte Occas. Refl. v. v. (1675) 314 A Lac’d, or an 
Imbroider’d suit. 1703 MAuNDRELL Journ. Yerus. (1732) 
29 His embroyder’d Sacerdotal Robe. 1853 KincsLey 
Hypatia vii. 86 An embroidered shoe. 

2. transf. and fig. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb. A, Through delicate embrodered 
meadowes. 1657 W. Corrs Adam in Eden Yo Radr., 
‘The pleasant Aspects of Nature .. and .. her severall im- 
broidered Beds. 1672 Evetyn French Gardiner 1. § 1 
(1675) 136 Melons. . white, wrought or Embroidered, Ribb’d, 
and others. 1868 Heirs Realmah xv. (1876) 394 In the 
embroidered language of the Sheviri. 

Embroi‘derer [f. Exroiper v. + -ER.] 

1. One who embroiders. 

1413 Lypa. Pilgr. Sowle 1. xxxvii. (1483) 84 More neces- 
sary to theland is..adeluer than a goldsmyth ora embrawd- 
erer. 1603 Knoiies /ist. Turks (1621) 1342 A Flemish 
imbroitherer had .. advertised him. 1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 
6171/9 Mary Bird. .Imbroiderer. 1786 tr. Beckford’s Vathek 
(1868) 39 She collected all the sempstresses and embroiderers 
of Samarah. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 244 The arts 
of the. .embroiderer will have to be set in motion. 

2. fig.; cf. EMBROIDER v. 2 c. 

16.. Nortu Life Qvoniambec (R.), This embroiderer. «has 
stuffed his writings with. . lies. 

Embroideress (embroi-dorés). Also em- 
broidress. [f. as prec. + -ESS.] A female em- 
broiderer ; a woman who embroiders. 

1723 Lond. Gaz. No.6171/7 Emma Paine. ., Embroideress. 
1782 Lapy Lianover in Mrs. Delany's Corr. Ser. 1. 111. 80 
To apologize for his niece’s being an embroidress by profes- 
sion. 1867 Freeman Wore. Cong. (ed. 3) I. vi. 440 The 
skilful needles of English embroideresses. 

Embroidering (embroi‘darin), v2. sd. [f. 
EMBROIDER v. +-ING1.] a. The action of the vb. 
Emprower. Also attrzd., as in embroidering 
machine. Wb. concr. Embroidered ornamentation. 

1536 StrypE Eccl, Mem. 1. 1. xxxv. 255 He can..use.. 
embrotheryng .. carving, painting or graffing. 1555 EDEN 
Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 301 Part of them exercise .. im- 
brotherynge. 1548 UDALt, etc. tr. Evasuz. Paraphrase 
Matt. 106 b, They go with brode & gorgiouse imbrouder- 
inges. 1611 Bisre Lzek. xvii. 3 Divers colours [warg. 
embroidering]. @1619 FotHersy A theom. 1. xiv. (1622) 
36x Hee teacheth the Arts, both of Weauing, and Im- 
broydering. 1886 Daily News 6 Sept. 2/4 The embroider- 
ing is principally done on the Continent. 

Embroidery (embroi-dari). Forms: 4 en- 
brouderie, 6-7 embroyderie, -broiderie, 7- 
embroidery. Also 6 imbroderie, 7 imbrodry, 
imbrauthery, imbroidery. [ME. emdbrouderie, 
f. OF. embroder EmMBRowD v.: see -RY ; cf. Em- 
BROIDER and BrorweEry.] 

1. The art of ornamenting cloth and other fabrics 
with figures of needlework ; also attrib. ; 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 11 Of weving or of embrouderie. 
17.. Appison in Sfect., Their more serious occupations are 
sewing and embroidery. 1872 YEAts Techn. Hist. Comm. 
286 The ancient feminine occupation of embroidery. 1883 
Ouipa Wanda I. 80 She sat down to her embroidery frame. 

2. concr. Embroidered work or material. 

c1570 Tuynne Pride & Low. (1841) 12 With silke, and 
golde, and with imbroderie. 1598 SHaxs. Merry W. v. v. 
75 Saphire, pearle, and rich embroiderie. 1633 G. HERBERT 
Temple, Vanitie, To whom. .solid work [shines not] as false 
embroyderies. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury i. % A waistcoat 
with Imbrauthery. 1699 Evetyn Acetarvia Plan, Flowers 
3 -Embroyderies, Carvings. 1716 Lapy M. W. Montacue 
Lett. I. vii. 22 Window-curtains..almost covered with Em- 
broidery. 1836 W. Irvine Astoria I. 7 They even sell 
their embroidery, their lace, and their clothes. 

3. fig. with notion of ‘elaborate or showy orna- 
ment’, ‘ adventitious adornment’, etc. 

1640 YorKE Union Hon. Pref. Verses, Thats but imbrodry 
of Fame. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxx. 473 A liberal 
man. .puts embroideries on religion by the chearfulness of 
his spirit. 1762 Hume His¢. my (1806) IV. liii. 124 Their 
liturgy was..a species of mass, though with _— shew 

—2 


EMBROIL. 


and embroidery, 1781 Cowrer Exfost. 234 All the em- 
broidery of poetic d LER First Jmpr. 
Fr. 


y 1848 H. M 
xvi. (1857) 277 An embroidery of playful humour. 1 
Hawruorne Fr, & Jt. Frnis. Il. 112 Rather more em- 
broidery of y than belongs to an English 
b. Mus. Ornamentation either contrapuntal or 
through variation. 

1875 OuseLey Mus. Form ix. 49 Brilliant passages. .form 
an embroidery thereon. 

4. transf. Applied to other kinds of ornament or 
marking compared in appearance to needlework, 
esp. (in poetical or elevated language) to the 
natural adornment of the ground by flowers. ‘In 
17th c. used zecha. in yer gardening. 

1644 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1. 79 The parterres of excellent 
embroidery. 1672 — French Gardiner u. § 1 (1675) 150 
Those Melons which are full of Embroidery and Characters. 
@ 1667 CowLey Poverty Wks. (1711) III. 58 Daisies .. their 
Embroidery bring. 1695 Lond. Gaz. No. 3118/4 All sorts 
of Gardens. .in Embroidery work in Grass or Gravil. 1820 
Scorr Monast. ii, And it was garnished with an embroidery 
of daisies and wild flowers. se fe 

5. nonce-use. A place of embroidering; an 
embroidery manufactory. 

1796 Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 275 From the em- 
broideries of Babylon or from the loom of the Gobelins. 

+Embroi'l, sd. Ods. Also imbroil(e. [f. 
Emprot v.2 Cf. Sp. embrollo, It. imbroglio: see 
ImBROGLIO.] 

1. A state of entanglement or confusion ; a dis- 
turbance, uproar. 

1636 E. Dacres tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy 11. 510 Before 
such imbroiles, few of the citizens of Venice could foresee 
the danger. 1700 Rycaut //ist. Turks 11. 550 Impossible 
for any Embroils .. for ever after to arise in the Lesser 
Asia. a1734 Nortu Exam. 1. ii. § 14 (1740) 37 Any Im- 
broil or Ceacunden of the Public. oy Antiquities in 
Ann. Reg. 120 During these embroils, the god. .stole off. 

b. A quarrel. 

1742 Wacrote Lett. H. Mann I. xxxiii. (1833) 142 As to 
your embroil with Richcourt I condemn you excessively. 

2. Mental disturbance, ‘ worry’. 

1799 in Nicolas Disp. Nelson 1V. 107 Never let such a 
thought come into your head, which was never more 
wanted to be clear from embroils than at this moment. 

+ Embroi'l, v.! Oés. rare. [f. Ex- + Brom v.1] 
trans. To set on fire, burn up. HenceEmbroi‘ling 


ppl. a. 

1664 H. More Decay Chr. Piety (L.) That knowledge, 
for which we..rifle God’s cabinet, should, like the coal 
from the altar, serve only to embroil and consume the 
sacrilegious invaders. 1726 THomson Winter 247 Wisely 
re; ardfal of the embroiling sky. 

mbroil (embroi'l), v.2 Also 7 enbroile, 
embroyle, 6-7 imbroyle, 6-8 imbroil. [ad. 
F. embrouiller = Sp. embrollar, It. imbrogliare ; 
cf. En- and Bro 56. and v.] 

1. trans. To bring (affairs, etc.) into a state of 
confusion or disorder; to confuse, render unintel- 
ligible (a story). 

1603 Daniet Defence of Rhime (1717) 12 These pretended 
Proportions of Words .. embroil our (Gaderseanding: 1609 
— Civ. Wares v. st. 47 One mans Cause shall all the rest 
imbroyle. 1656 CowLey Pindarigue Odes (1669) 16 note 2 
The mention of his Brother Iphiclus .. would but embroil 
the story. 1678 Drypen Ad/ for Love, Dedic. Your Enemies 
had so embroyl’d the management of your Office, that 
etc. x Appison /taly (1733) 176 The former..are so 
embroil’d with Fable and Legend. 1823 Scorr Peveril 
xxxviii, Having embroiled everything in which you are 
concerned. 

2. To throw into uproar or tumult. 

1618 Botton Florus (1636) 67 The tyranny of the De- 
cemvirs embroyled the City the second time. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. 1. 966 Tumult and Confusion all imbroild. 1704 
Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 56 The many Wars wherewith 
his [David's] Reign was embroiled, 1725 Pore Odyss. xn. 
242 Tumultuous waves embroil’d the bellowing flood. 1726 
Tuomson Winter 1919 More to embroil the deep. 

3. To involve or entangle in dissension or hos- 
tility w2th (any one); to bring into a state of 
discord or disunion. 

1610 G. Frercner Christ's Vict. (1632) 17 Or had his 
body been imbroyl’d alone In fierce assault. 1631 Gouck 
God's Arrows iit. § 89. 350 They..with delight enbroile 
themselves therein [warre]. x Hotcrort Procopius 7 
The Emperour .. intending to imbroyle Theodatus and the 


Goths. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 188 Warres have been 
wag’d, and Nations embroyl'd in blood one against another. 
1680 in Somers 7vacts II. 84 [They] embroiled him with the 


House of Commons. a Ricuarpson Pamela 1.175 What, 
and imbroil myself with a Man of Mr. B’s Power and For- 
tune! 1756 J. Warton Ess. Pope (1782) 1. 312 To be em- 
broiled in controversy, 1865 Dickens Left. (1880) II. 240 
If the Americans don’t embroil us in a war. 

Embroiled (embroi'ld), sp/.a. [f. Emprom v.2 
+-ED ag § Confused, disturbed, agitated. 

1709 J. Reynotps Death's Vis. vii, Fate Hangs on the 
Turns of this Embroyled State! 1871 E. Burr Ad Fidem 
xii. 239 Embroiled Nature sunk into complete hush. 

Geo. Etior Middlem. xxx, Moving with kindred natures in 
the same embroiled medium. 

Embroiler (embroi‘le:). [f Emprom v.2 + 
-ER.] One who or that which embroils. 

1668 R. L’Estrance Vis. bi (1708) 8 The Embroylers 
of Affairs. 1751 J. Brown Sha/ftesb. Charac. 70 [Ridicule] 
+,is..no less justly regarded..as an embroiler. 

am br bers 9 vol, sb. [f. Emprom v.2 + -1nG1.] 
The action of the vb. EMBROIL. 
1644 Jus Populi 24 They propose. .the people's imbroyling. 


116 
Embroilment (embroilmént). Also 7 im-. 
[f Empror ree 3 cf Fr. a ybromilletent 


1. The action or of embroiling. 

1622-62 Heyiin yeas (1682) 136 To the great em- 
broilment of the State. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 1. m1. vii, 
Now .. does come discussion .. but only for new embroil- 


ment. 

2. An uproar, tumult. ; 

1609 Dantet Civ. Wares vii. 110 [The Muse]. .weary with 
these em lements, faine stay Her farther course. 
1646 Sir J. emPLe /rish Rebell. Pref. 3 The true causes 
of the i il in that Kingd @1714 Burner 
Own Time (1766) Il. 32 He was not apprehensive of a new 
embroilment. 1819 Scotr Leg. Montrose iii, A cavalier of 
honour is free to take any part in this civil embroilment. 

b. A state of variance or hostility ; a quarrel. 
G. Dicsy Elvira v. in Hazl. Dodsley XV. 90 Draw- 
ing those advantages From the embroilment. a171z Ken 
Hymnarium Wks. 1721 11. 37 Embroilments ne'er would 
cease, Shou’d Rivals the R: of Peace.~ x 
Disrae.i Sybil 314 The lively temperament of the y 
would here probably have involved him in an inconvenient 
embroilment. _ x EATS Growth Comm. 216 A bitter 
embroilment with England followed this merciless act. 

3. transf. and fig. A perplexed or confused state 
or condition ; confused mixture. 

1856 Ferrier Just. Metaph. Introd. § 62 The whole em- 
broilment of philosophy is due to the practice, etc. 1859 
Guuuck & Times Painting 257 The careless embroilment 
of transparent and opaque tints. Dowven Stud. Lit. 
238 A tangle and embroilment of evil and good. 

4. Complication, entanglement (in a story, etc.). 

1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 787 Such details and embroilments 
as the story contains form the only excuse for its length. 

Embronze: see Em- prefix. 

Embrothelled: modernized spelling of In- 
BROTHELLED, Ods. 

Embrother, obs. form of EMBRoIDER. 


+ Embrow'd, embraw'd, v. O/s. Also 4-5 
em-, enbroude(n, -brode(n, -brawde(n. [f. En- 
+ Brown v.; cf. OF. embrodé pple. ; the str. pa. 
pple. embrawden, embroudin belongs formally 
to EMBRAID v.%, but in sense to this word.] ¢rans. 
To embroider. 

¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. gog A ly3tli vrysoun. . Enbrawden 
& bounden wyth pe best gemmez. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 553 
A cote-armure..enbrouded with perlis schene. c 1385 
Cuaucer LZ. G. W. Prol. 119 That was with floures swote 
embrouded [v.7. enbroudit, enbraudyd, enbrouded, en- 
browdid, enbrawdid].  c 1423 ‘lea I Kingis Quair clii, A 
lusty plane. .Enbroudin all with fresche flouris gay. c 1440 
Partonope 1927 A cote.. Enbrowded wyth'peerle. 1555 
Fardle Facions 1.iv. 46 Pauilions. .embrauded with silkes. 

Embrown (embraun), v. Also 7 imbroun, 
7-9 imbrown. [f. En- + Brown a.; cf. Fr. em- 
brunir, It. imbrunire, which are used in sense 1.] 

1. trans. To darken, make dusky. Chiefly foe?. 

1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 246 The unpierc’t shade Imbround 
the noontide Bowrs. 1742 Younc Nt. 7h. v. 74 Thy dark 
pencil, midnight .. embrowns the whole. 1750 G. HuGues 
Barbados 23 Deep chasms .. are imbrowned with the thick 
foliage of lofty trees. 1813 Scort Rokeby u1. ix, No deeper 
clouds the grove embrown'd. 1814 Cary Dante's /nferno 
u. 2 The air, Imbrown'd with shadows. 

Jig. 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. 1. 430 Greek Philo- 
sophy, imbrowned with the Fanaticism of Resa Cant. 

3. To make brown. Also (rarely) znér. for ref. 

1725 Pore Odyss. xiv. 93 The eg! meal before Ulysses 
lay'd, With flour imbrown’d. 78 Dyer Fleece 1. 394 De- 
parting Autumn all embrowns he frequent-bitten fields. 
1796 D'Israru Lit. Recreation 211 A painting, which is 
just embrowned and mellowed by the hand of time. 1835 
Lytton Rienzi u. i, The suns of Italy had but little em- 
browned his clear and healthful complexion. 1867 Loner. 
Dante's Purg. wv. v. 21 What time the imbrowns. 

. @1824 D'Israeui Cur, Lit. (18 8) Til. 499 His own 
= tide style is embrowned with the tint of a century 


old, 

Embrowned Spee pe ct a. Also im- 
browned. [f. prec. + -ED.1] at has been made 
brown, esp. by the sun. 

1726 THomson Winter 1816 Sables of lossy black, and 
dark embrowned. 1739 Grodianus 121 With skin imbrown’d, 
and fat, and full of Juice. 1828 Scorr /. M, Perth xxxiv, 
The Smith’s hardy and embrowned countenance. 178 
Hetrs £ss., Convers. Railw. C. 195 Looking over 


imbrowned plain. 
Emb (embrawnin), 4/7. a. In 9 im- 
browning. [f. EmBRown v.+-1NG2.] That em- 


browns. In quot. fig. 


1863 Gro. Evior Komola1, i, Under the same imbrowning 
and heating circumstances, 


Embrownment (embraunmént). nonce-wd. 
[f. as prec. +-MENT.] Brown colouring. 


1839-48 Battey Festus (ed. 3) 12/2 Go, locks, which ha 
‘The golden embrownment of rc ies eye. eee ig 
[cf. Picard 


+Embroy'n, v. Obs. rare". 
embrugner to cover Cee s.v. Embroncher).] 
—_— a aay, foul. 

1 EwTon /lealz, ' broyned 
BF ptosis filth or Freer ng yee is: 
Embrue, variant of Imprvur. 

Embruise: see Em- brofiz. 

Embrw'talize (embritiloiz), v. nonce-wd. [f. 
En- + BRuratizE v.]  ¢vans. To render brutal. 
1876 W. CrarK Russert Js he the Man U1. 190 Her 
temper may have been embrutalized by her husband's 

v. treatment, 


Embrute, variant of Iwsrure. 


EMBRYO. 
+Embrutish, 2. Obs. rare. [f. EN- + Brure 


+ -ish, after impoverish, etc. ; 
abrutir] trans, = IMBRUTE. 


. Fr. abrutiss-, 


and sunke 

e, v. Obs. rare. 
5 enbryke. [f. En- +éryge, BricuE; cf. Fr. = 
briguer, It. z igare.| trans. To entrap, entangle. 

1387 TREvISA Higdon | 7b VII. 431 Pe ky maked Os 

pryge [1485 Caxton omer) hem and snarle hem wip 
sotil sophyms. 1413 Lypc. Pylg. Sowle 1v. xxxiii. (1483) 
81 They have for to sene that .. he have no nede to [? be] 
enbryked by dette to ony of his subgettis. 

Embryo (e'mbrijo), sd. anda. Also 6-7 em- 
brio. [med.L. corruption of Empryon ; the trans- 
literated Gr. word was ignorantly regarded as of 
the third declension (genit. -d7s), and the nom. 
case was assimilated to the normal Latin type. 
oN embryo, It. embrione.] 

. 5b, 
1. The offspring of an animal before its birth (or 


its emergence from the egg): 

a. of man. Bt Oe 
stricted to ‘the foetus in utero before the fourth 
month of pregnancy’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

[c 1350 GLanvit De Propr. Rer. vi. iii, Hec materia est 
pellicula embryonis.] 1590 Swinsurn 7 reat. Test, 284 An 
vnperfect creature, or con! em ¢ 1645 Howe. 
Lett. 1.11. xxix, The ripening of the Embryo in the womb. 
1977 Phil. Trans. LXVII. 23, I found this liquor absorbed 
into the embrio. 1841 Emerson Meth. Nature Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 225 The embryo does not more strive to be a man, than 
. a nebula tends to be a ring. 

Jig. 1874 Savce Compar. Philol. vii. ona $09 undeveloped 
within the embryo of a single monosyllable. 

b. of animals. 

1638, Cuitunew. Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 101. gt Some yet are 
Embrio’s, yet hatching, and in the shell. 1866 Tate Brit. 
Mollusks ii. 18 The embryos have a triangular shell. ~ a 
Emerson Soc. § Solit., Courage Wks. (Bohn) IIL. 105 
little embryo [of the snapping-turtle] . . bites fiercely. 

transf. 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 1. ii. § 59 (1879) 
The larva .. may be ed as a mere active embry 

2. Bot. ‘ The rudimentary plant contained in the 
seed’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1728 THomson Spring 99 The promised fruit Lies yet a 
little Embryo .. Within its crimson folds. 1842 Gray 
Struct. Bot, ii. (1880) 9 The Embryo is the initial plant, 
originated in the seed. \ 

+3. Chem. A metal or other chemical substance 
not disengaged from its native state of combina- 
tion. Also attrib. Ods. 

x Frencu Yorksh. Spa vi. 55 Metals and Minerals .. 
in their..Embrioes. 1751 CHAMBERS Cyc. s.v. Embryona- 
tum Sulphur, Sulphur united to metals. .in an embryostate. 

4. fig. A thing in its rudimentary stage or first 
beginning ; a germ; that which is still in idea as 
opposed to what has become actual in fact. 

r60x Sik J. OGie in Sir F. Vere Comm. 146 The project 
itself was but an Embryo. a 1628 F. Grevitie Sidney (1652) 
20 He ueathed no other legacie but the fire, to this un- 

lished Embrio, @1714 Burner Own Time (1766) 11. 218 

imbrio’s of things, that were never like to have any effect. 
1863 Kinctake Crimea VI. iii. 37 There not being in all 
Great Britain any embryo of a missariat force. 1872 
oot Voltaire (1886) 10 Pale unshapen embryos of social 
sympathy. 

b. Ju emdryo: in an undeveloped stage ; ‘that 


isto be’. [? orig. Lat., from Empryon.] 

1636-7 N. Hoparr in Verney Papers (1853) 188 There is 
a great pi tion inembrio. 1685 tr. Gracian's Courtier's 
Orac. 215 Let every skilfull Master. .have a care not to let 


his works be seen in embrio. 1742 Suenstone Schoolmeistr. 24 
There a chancellor in ee. ae Aneca. W, Pitt Il. 
xlii. 144 The indecent attempt to stifle this measure in embri: 
1824 Miss Mirrorv Village Ser.1. (1863) 395 The honourable 
Frederic G...was a diplomatist inembryo. 1868 GLADSTONE 
Juv. Mundi i.(1870) 9 The Greek nation, as yet in em| 

5. attrib. and Comb. as embryo-chick, -child, 
-germ, -life, -plant, -stage, -state; also embryo- 
bud, ‘an adventitious bud, when enclosed in the 
bark, as in the cedar of Lebanon’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 5 
embryo-cell, the first cell of the fecundated animal 
ovum; also in Bot. the germ in the embryo-sac 
of ferns, mosses, etc. ; embryo-sac, Joé., a cavity 
in the ovule or the archegonium of a plant, within 
which the embryo is produced. 

1835 Linpiey /ntrod. Bot. Ve a I. 177 *Embryo-buds, cer- 
tain nodules .. in the bark of Beech. 1859 Topp Cyci. 
Anat. V. 4/1 The *Embryo-cell. Lr Zambesi 
xv. An is eaten here an *em| 
inside. 1883 Med. Temp. Frni. 1. 184 The *em! 
is fed upon these in before he | 
world, 1859 Topp Cycé. eg th eet ae 


germ, 1879 tr. Haeckel's Evol. Max 1. i. 12 *Em! 

within the egg-mem! s. 1878 Huxtey Ph; ~ 220 
Subject to chemical anal the “em! it cer- 
tain complex bodies, Ouwer £ Bot. 1. iii, 24 
This en! cell is called the * 


larged embryo-sac. 
B. adj. [From the attrib. use of the sb.] That 
is still in ; immature, un undeveloped. 
onc Eph urNeT The. Zarth 11. 135 In that dark womb 
usually are the seeds and rudiments of an world. 
1742 Younc Nt, Th. v. 99 Thou. .in whose breast 
creation .. dwelt. 


EMBRYO. 


ing embt rize-poems. 1853 C. Brontii Villette xxvii. 
The collectors he Pe RE pine embryo riots. 1 
M. Arnon Lit. § Dogma 31 Philosophers dispute whether 
moral ideas .. were not once inchoate, embryo. 

Embryo (embrijo), v. 2once-wd. [f. prec. sb.] 
trans. To represent in embryo. 

1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII. 539 The fine reasonings they 
contain were .. embryoed .. in symbols. 

Embryoctony (embri,g"ktoni). [as if ad. Gr. 
*éuBpvoxrovia, f. éuBpvorrdvos that kills the foetus. ] 
‘ The destruction of the foetus in the womb’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). 

Embryoferous (embrijg‘forss), a. Biol. [f. 
Empryo sé. + -FEROUS.] That bears or contains 
an embryo. 

1859 Topp Cyc/. Anat. V. 587/2 The embryoferous tumour. 

Embryogenesis (e:mbrijedzenésis). Biol. 
[mod. f. Empryo-n + Gr. yéreors birth, production.] 
©The origin and formation of the embryo; and 
the science thereof’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 333 The laws of. .embryo- 

enesis. 1 De Quatrefages’ Human Species 109 Haec- 

el goes back to embryogenesis. 

Embryogenetic (e:mbrijo,dzinetik), a. Bzol. 
[mod. f. Empryo-n + Gr. *yeverucés producing, f. 
root of yéveows : see prec.] = next. 

1880 Huxtey Times 25 Dec. 4/1 Their adult and embryo- 
genetic characters. 

Embryogenic (e:mbrijodze‘nik), @. Biol. [f. 
Empryo-n + Gr. yev- (cf. EMBRYOGENESIS) + -IC.] 
Of or pertaining to embryogenesis. 

18g2 Dana Crust. 1. 45 Regarded in their embryogenic 
relations. 1876 Beneden’s Anim. Parasites 46 He arrived 
..at the same result .. by his embryogenic observations. 

Embryogeny (embrig‘dgéni). Aol. [f. as 
prec. +-Y]. = EMBRYOGENESIS. 

1835 Linptey Jxtrod. Bot. (1848) 11. 229 The theory of 
vegetable pipe & 1864 Batrour in Zdin. Med. Frul. 

y 


June, This is specially true of the functions of fertilization 
Biol. [f. Em- 


and embryogeny. < ; 

Embryogony (embrijp‘géni). 

BRYO-N + Gr. -yovia production.] The formation of 
an embryo. In mod Dicts. 

Embryography (embri,g:grafi). [f. Empryo-n 
+ Gr. -ypapia writing, description.] ‘The de- 
scription of the foetus or embryo’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

cary ar! Magers (e‘mbri,o,i:z’m). [f. Empryo + 
-IsM.] The state of being an embryo. 

1854 H. Miter Footpr. Creat. xii. (1874) 226 They*may 
exist in their state of embryoism. : 

“erratic 514 (embrijolp'dzik), a. [f. Empry- 
oLoGy +-1¢.] Of or pertaining to embryology. 

1882 Romangs in Homiletic Monthly Mar. 366 Arguments 
from .. embryologic progression. 

Embryological, a. [f. as prec. +-au.] = prec. 

1859 Lewes Sea-side Stud. 312 The results of embryo- 
logical research, 1859 Topp Cycl. Anat. V. 1/2 Of embryo- 
logical anatomy. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man II. xvi. 183 
Embryological structures. : 

Hence Embryolo‘gically adv., with reference to 
embryology. 

1852 Dana Crust. 1.56 This form being of a lower grade 
embryologically. 1867 KincsLey Life § Lett. 11. 246 With 
what other birds are they embryologically connected. 

Embryologist (embrij'lodgist). Zzo/. [f. 
EMBRYOLOGY + -IST.] One who is concerned with 
or versed in the science of EMBRyYoLoey. 

1849-52 Topp Cyc. Anat. IV. 836/1 Embryologists. .find 
another method. 1879 tr. Semper’s Anim. Life 31 Forms 
known to embryologists as the germinal layers. 

Embryolo (embrijg'lodzi). Zzol. [f. Em- 
BRYO-N + -LoGY.] ‘ The science relating to the em- 
bryo and its development. Also ¢rvansf. 

1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. vii. (1873) 203 Against the belief 
in such abrupt changes, embryology enters a strong protest. 
1872 Mortry Voltaire (1886) 20 An undiscovered set of 
facts in embryology. 

Embryon (embrijn), sd. (a) Also 5-8 
embrion. Pl. embrya, embryons, [mod. L., 
a. Gr. €uBpvoy, in Homer merely ‘ young animal’, 
but in later writers ‘the fruit of the womb before 
birth’. Usually believed to be f. év in + Bpv-ev to 
swell, grow.] The original form of Empryo ; now 
rare even in techn. use; in ordinary language obs. 

1. = Empryor. +a. of man. Ods. 

traz7 Norton Ord. Alch, v. in Ashm, (1652) 90 Passing 
the Substance of Embrion.] 1592 H. Curette in Greene 
Groatsw. Wit Pref., Like an Embrion without shape. 1653 
A. Witson Fas. J. 77 This was but an Embrion, and be- 
came an Abortive. 172r Sournerne Loyal Brother 1. 
Wks. I. 44 Rip this womb That form’d him yet an embrion. 
1804 Asernetuy Surg. Observ. 11 The embryon .. receives 
nourishment from the surrounding parts. 

b. of animals. 

1658 Rowranp tr. Moufet’s Theat. Ins. 922 Certain im- 
os fect things like Embryons or little worms. 1672 Phil. 

vans. VII. 4020 The Sceleton of an Embryon..in an Egg. 
1713 Warver 7rue Amazons 19 Which otherwise would 
incommode the Embrion [of bees]. 1722 WotLaston Relig. 
Nat.v.go The animalculaandembrya. 1880 Ginruer Fishes 

18 Cantor found in a female, nearly x1 feet long, 37 em- 


ns. 
- Bot. = Empryo 2. In quot. fig. 
1816 CoLeripGe Statesm. Man. (1817) 355 Looking for- 
ward to the green fruits and embryons. .of i days to come. 


117 


+8. fig. = Empryo 4. Jn (the) embryon: = in 
embryo. Oés. 

1596 Drayton Leg. iv. 167 To perfect that which in the 
Embryon was. 1607 Barxstep Mirrha (1876) 37 To bring 
vices Embrion to a forme, 1639 G. Dantet Lcclus, xxiv. 27, 
I was, ere yet the world in Embrion lay. 1640 J. Ley Patt. 
Pietie 157 Shee had certaine fits or traunces like the em- 
brions of death. 1676 PAz/. Trans. X1.614 The first Beings 
or Embrions of mineral salts are nothing but vapours. 1788 
i ys hahaa Writ. (1859) I1. 431 It is yet, indeed, a mere 
embryon. 1812 SHetiey Ze¢, in Dowden Shedley (1886) I. 
230, I perceive in you the embryon of a mighty intellect. 

+4. attrib. or adj. Immature, unformed, unde- 
veloped; that is still in germ. Ods. 

1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1.iv, The Embrion Blossome 
ofeach spray. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 11. goo Four Champions 
fierce .. to Battel bring thir embryon Atoms. 1728 VAN- 
BRUGH & Cipper Provoked Husd, Prol. 26 If..his Art can 
to those Embrion Scenes new Life impart. 1813 Sir H. 
Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 140 Nourishment .. for the use 
of the Embryon plant. 1835 GresweLt Paradles v. ii. 411 
All nature’s embryon store. | 

Embryonal (embri/nal), a. [f. med.L. em- 
bryon-em + -AL.] Of or pertaining to an embryo. 

1652 Frencu VYorksh. Spa vi. 55 The embrional conserv- 
ation of the Nut. 186x Hume tr. Moguin-Tandon u. vu. 
xiii. 395 The Acephalocysts .. are without head .. even in 
the embryonal condition. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 529 The 
so-called ‘embryonal tubes’, | | 

Embryon: (embri,Ona:ri), a. [f. as prec. 
+-ARY.] Relating toan embryo. Also fg. 

1835 Linney /xtrod, Bot. (1848) 1. 404 The embryonary 
sac. 1860 Farrar Orig. Lang. x. 214 Languages in an 
ante-historical and embryonary state. 

Embryonate (embrijdneit), a. 
-ATE2,] 

+1. = Empryonatep. Ods. 

1669 W. Simvson Hydrol. Chym.s56 Maturated into metals, 
by the embryonate sulphurs. 1675 Evetyn Terra (1776) 45 
Salts embryonate or undigested and not specificate. 

2.= Empryonar. Obs. 

1693 J. Beaumont Ox Burnet’s The. Earth i. 52 Fishes.. 
in an embrionate imperfect state. 1731 in Battey, vol. II. 

3. ‘ Having an embryo or germ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Hence in 4ot. Embryonate plants, plants which 
possess seeds. 

+ E-mbryonate, v. Ods. [f. as prec. + -ATE3.] 
trans. a. To give embryonic existence to; in 
quot. fig. b. To load or fill as with an embryo 
or germ; to impregnate. 

1671 GLanviLL Disc. M. Stubbe 15 The Royal Society 
[was] as it were embryonated there. 1687 Ess. Tunbridge 
Waters in Harl. Misc, 1. 587 Divers seminary principles 
with which they [chalybeate waters] are embryonated. 

+E-mbryonated, ///. a. Ols. [f. prec. + 
-ED1,]_ Of chemical and mineral bodies: Found 
in combination with or embedded (like embryos) 
in other bodies. 

1652 Frencu Vorksh, Spavi.54 The embrionated Sulphur 
of Copper. 1662 J. CHANDLER Van Helmont’s Oriat. 67 
Embryonated or imperfect shaped Sulphur. 1667 Boye 
Orig. Formes & Qual., Unripe .. Embrionated Minerals. 
1676 Phil. Trans. XI. 615 This embrionated salt in lime- 
stones is a stony juice. : 

+E:-mbryonately, adv. Ols. rvare—'. [f. 
EMBRYONATE @.+-LY2.] In an embryonate man- 
ner; as an embryo. 

1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 6 That those Pesti- 
lential fumes be first embryonately or preparatively formed 
in a close thick or standing air. 

+ E-mbryona:tive, 2. Obs. vare—'. [f. as 
EMBRYONATE v. + -IVE.] = EMBRYONATED. 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 144 It had lost all its 
embryonative sulphur. ; 

Embryonic (embrig‘nik), a. [f. med.L. em- 
bryon-em + -1C.] 

1. Pertaining to, or having the character of, an 

embryo. 
_ 1849 Murcnison Siberia xx. 483 The first or embryonic 
idea of the archetype. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. xiv. (1873) 
396 Community in embryonic structure reveals community 
of descent. 1863 Berxetey Brit. Mosses iii. 21 The em- 
bryonic cell. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 220 Within the.. 
pea, there is inclosed a perfect, though embryonic plant. 

2. fig. Immature, undeveloped. 

1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) II. 49 
Every Englishman is an embryonic chancellor. 1874 Saycr 
bape a Philol. i. 46 The parts of speech lay undeveloped 
in_a kind of embryonic common sound, 

Embryotic (embri,g'tik), a. [f. Empryo, after 
exotic, patriotic, etc.: cf. chaotic. 

1. = Empryonic 1. 

1835-6 Topp Cycd. Anat. I. 786/1 The term of their em- 
bryotic development. 1854 H. Miter Sch. §& Schm. iv. 
(1866) 31 The crab. .is less embryotic. .than the more ancient 
lobster. 

2. fig. = EMBRYONIC 2. 

TERNE 77, Shandy (1802) IV. xix. The book of 
embryotic evils. 1785 Burns Vision 11, xi, To mark the 
embryotic trace Of rustic Bard. 1864 Kincstey Rom. & 
Teut. 40 Intellect and virtue remain .. embryotic. 

Embryotomy (embrijp'tdmi). Surg. [ad. Gr. 
éuBpvorouia, f. éuBpvo-v EMBRYON + -Topia cutting.] 
‘The cutting up of the fetus in utero into pieces 
in order to effect its removal’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1721-1800 in Baitey. 1876 Gross Dis. Bladder 57 A 6 
months’ foetus had to be removed by embryotomy. 

+Evmbryous, @. Obs. rare. [f. EMBRY-ON sd. 


[f. as prec. + 


EMEADE. 


+ -ous.] Of or pertaining to an embryo; in 
germ; undeveloped. In quot. fig. 

1677 Fevtuam Resolves 1. xiv. (ed. 10) 23 Without the last 
[action], the first [contemplation] is but abortive and embry- 
ous. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Embryous, pertaining to an 
embryon. 1692 in Cotes. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Embubble: see Em- prefix. 

+Embu'd, v. Ods. Also 6 enbud, 7 imbud. 
[f£. En- + Bup sd.1] 

1. trans. To cover as with buds. 

1526 SkeLton Magny/. 1572 Enbudded with beautye. 

2. intr. To bud, sprout. In quot. fig. 

1603 Danie, Panegyrick (1717) 327 ‘The Op’ning of the 
Spring..make[s] our Spirits likewise. .imbud. 

Hence Embu‘dded /f/. a. 

1523 SKELTON Garl. Laurel 883 The enbudded blossoms 
of rose, rede of hewe, — 

Embue, obs. variant of IMBuE. 

+ Embue'ment. Os. rave—'. [f. embue, var. 
of IMBUE v.+-MENT.] A tincture or infusion. 

a 1693 Urounart Radelais ut. xiii, With an embuement 
from its divine source. 

Embulk: see Em- pref. 

+ Embw'll, v. Ods. Forms: 5 enbull, 6-7 im- 
bull, 6- embull. [f. En- + Bun 50.2 ; in AFr. ev- 
buller.| trans. To insert or publish (a matter or a 
name) in a Papal bull; to issue a bull against; to 
affix an official (esf.the Papal) seal to(a document). 

1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. vii. (1520) 93/1 So he was by 
letter enbulled. 1563-87 Foxe A. § JZ. (1596) 274/1 He also 
wrote his letters..embulled with gold. 1589 Warner Add, 
Eng. V. Xxvi. (1612) 130 ‘The Pope imbulled .. England. 

Emburse, obs. variant of IMBURSE. 

+Embusca‘do. Oés. [var. of AmBuscapo, in 
Sp. embuscada: see -ADO 2.) An ambuscade. 

1686 tr. Chardin’s Trav. 157 The king of Quiretta having 
laid considerable Embuscados. 

Embush, embusshe, etc., obs. ff. AMBUSH, etc. 

Embusk, v.1: see Em- prefix. 

+ Embuwsk, v.2 Obs. rare. [ad. Fr. embusquer, 
mod. form (orig. 207th. dial.) of OF. embuscher 
AmbusH v.] ¢vans. To place in ambush. 

1596 Scanderbeg 368 Other bands .. lay close embusked 
in the mountaines. 

Embuskin : see Em- prefix. 

+ Embu'sy, v. Ods. Forms: a. 5-6 enbesy, 
6 embesy, enbusy, -ie, 6-7 embusie, -y. B. 
6-7 imbusy. [f. En- + Busy a.] trans. To 
render busy, occupy assiduously ; to give care or 
anxiety to. Chiefly reff. 

1484 Caxton Ryall Bk. By, To occupye and enbesy hym 
in thre thynges. 1526 P2ler. Perf. (1531) 57 b, Enbusy not 
thy selfe. 1543 Mecess. Doct. Chr. Max Introd. in Strype 
Eccl. Mem., The heads and senses of our people have been 
imbusied .. with the understanding of Free Will. 1603 
Frorio Montaigne mi. ix. (1632) 535 Nor hawking, nor 
gardens... can much embusie.. me. 1611 SpeED //7st. Gt. 
Brit. 1x. ix. §28 The Earle of Pembroke. .wholly embusied 
in the enterprize of Britaine. a1693 Urqunart AXadedais i. 
xiii. 104 Not imbusied with. . Soul-disturbing Perturbations. 

Emcristen, variant of EvEN-CHRISTIAN, Ods, 

+Eme. Ods. exc. dial. Forms: 1-3 6am, (2 
eom), 2-5 em, (3 sem, «m, heam, he(e)m), 
4-5 eem(e, 4-6 eme, Sc. eym(e, (5 emme, yem), 
4-7 eam(e, 8 dial. eem, g Sc. eme, north. dial. 
eam. [Com. WGer.: OE. éam = OFris. ém (MDu. 
oem, Du. oon), OHG. bheine (MHG. dheim, wheim, 
-hein, mod.Ger. oheim, ohne); if the word existed 
in OTeut. the type would be *azzhaimo-z; pre- 
sumed to be a compound or derivative of *awo-z 
=L. avus grandfather (of which the L. avenculus, 
uncle, is a diminutive). It is believed that the 
original sense of the WGer. word was ‘mother’s 
brother’ (cf. L. avzncaulus) ; but in later use it is 
applied to a father’s brother as well.] 

An uncle ; also dal. a friend, gossip. 

.. Beowulf 881 He swulces hweet seczan wolde eam his 
nefan. c 1000 AELFric Gen. xxviil. 2 Nim be wif of Labanes 
dohtrum pinis eames. 1154 O. E£. Chron. an. 1137 He 
sculde ben alsuic alse pe eom wes. c1z05 Lay. 8142 An- 
drogeus wes his hem. — og Nu is min eam wel bi-doht. 
— 11174 Hire xem [c1275 heam] Leonin wes in Rome. 
— 111464 His fader wes #lenen 2m. c¢ 1250 Gen. § Ex. 
1758 Dus me®elike spac dis em. 1330 Arth. § Merl. 4583 

if min eme be king Arthour. ¢1340 Cursor M. 3789 
(Trin.) Laban pin eeme. 1375 Barsour Bruce x. 305 To 
help hys eyme. c¢ 1425 WynTouN Cron. 1x. xviii.7 His Eym 
pan Erle of Fyfe. ¢1465 Eng. Chron. 73, 1 am thyne eme, 
thy faderes brother. c1565 LinpEsay (Pitscottie) Chron. 
Scot, (1728) 19 His eames, William, earl of Douglas and 
David his brother. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xxii, Henry 
Hotspur and his eame The earl of Worcester. 1674 Ray 
NV. Country Wds. 16 Mine Eam: My Unkle, also generally 
my Gossip, my Compere. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 
II, 182 Rob my eem hecht me a stock. 1818 Scorr Ht, 
Mial. xii, ‘ Didna his eme die..wi’ the name of the Bluidy 
Mackenyie?’ 1 Whitby Gloss., Eam or Eeam, ‘mine 
eam’, my uncle, friend, gossip. 

Eme, variant of YEME, Oés., heed. 

+Emeade, v. Obs. Her. [? f. E- pref. + late 
L. medi-dre to divide in the middle, f. L. medius 
middle.] trans. To halve, divide in half. 

eer Leicu A rmorie 62 b, The chiefe may not bee emeaded, 
or halfed. 1586 Ferns Blas. Gentrie 207 Entier (not emeaded) 
within the scutcheon. 


EMECRISTEN. 


Emecristen, var. of Even-CurisTiIAn, Ods. 

+ Emerdull, v. Ols.—° [ad. late L. Zmedullare 
to take out the marrow, f. 2 out + medulla mar- 
row.] dans. ‘To declare, take out the marrow’ 
(Cockeram 1623). 

+ Eme'dullate, v. Ods—° [f. L. amedullat- 
ppl. stem. of medullare : see prec.] ‘vans. To 
take out the marrow or pith. 

1731 in Batey. 778 in Asn. E 

eer(e, var. ff. Emre, Saracen prince. 

Emel(l(e, var. forms of AMELLE, Os. R 

+ Eme‘mbrate, v. Os.—° [f. L. énembrat- 
ppl. stem of émembra-re to cut the limbs off.] 
trans. 'To castrate, geld. 

1731 in BarLey. 1775 in Asu. 

mend (‘me‘nd), v. Also 5 emende. ee 
L. émenda-re, f. Z out + menda fault. (OFr. had 
esmender, emender.) Cf. AMEND.] 

+1. trans. To free (a person) from faults, correct. 
Also intr. for reft. Obs. 

14.. MS. St. Fohn’s Coll. Oxon, No. 117.123 b in Maskell 
Mon. Rit. U1.'355 Loue him [God] that he emendith the. 
c1g42 Upatt in Orig. Lett. Eminent Men (1843) 6 To hope 
that I maye ere now bee emended for the tyme to cum. 
— Ibid. 7 As another besides me maye happen to dooe 
amys, so maye I as well as another emend. 

2. To free (a thing) from faults, correct (what 
is faulty), rectify. ave in mod. use. 

c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 1. 23 An-other tyme to emende 
itifwecan. x Fettuam Low Countries u.(R.) The .. 
force of the sun..hath a little emended them. 1867 Draper 
Amer. Civ. Warl.xxvi. 447 Universal suffrage has emended 
the law of the landlord and tenant. 

b. esp. To remove errors from (the text of a 
book or document); = EMENDATE v. 

1768 Swinton in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 258 That writer 
therefore seems to be emended .. by my coin, 1832 Sir G. 
Lewis in PAilol. Mus. 1. 282 Tyrwhitt. .ingeniously emends 
some choliambics cited by Apollonius. 1836 Lyrron 
Athens (1837) I. 274 Pisistratus .. did .. collect, arrange, 
and emend poems. 1854 Bapuam //alieut. 524 Passing 
whole nights .. not in emending Greek, but, etc. 

+3. To repair or make good (what is broken or 
damaged); = MENnbD. Ods. 

1411 [see EMENDING.] 1480 Wardr. Acc, Edw. IV (1830) 
121 A broken chayer emended with small gilt nailles. 

Eme‘ndable, a. [f. L. émendadilis that may 
be amended.] That is capable of being emended. 

1731-1800 in Baitey, 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 
+ Eme‘ndals, sd. £/. Obs. [? f. med.L. émenda 
(see EmMENDS) + -AL.] ?Funds set apart for re- 
pairs. (See quot.) 

1692 Cotes, Emendal. 1708-15 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey. 1751 Cuampers Cycl., Emendals, an old term still 
used in the accounts of the Inner Temple; where, so much 
in emendals at the foot of an account signifies so much in 
the bank, or stock of the house, for reparation of losses, and 
other occasions. In mod Dicts. 

+ Emendate, ¢. Oés. [ad. L. émendat-us pa. 
pple. of émenda-re to free from fault, correct, im- 
prove.] Emended, corrected, restored. 

1654 Hammonp Anszw. Animadv. Ignat. vi. § 1.153 An 
emendate copie of these Epistles. 1677 Cary Chron, 1. 11. 
1. Vili. 66 The Form of the Emendate Julian Year. 

Emendate (7‘mende't), v. [f. L. émendat- (see 
prec. and Emenp.] ‘vans. To remove errors and 
corruptions from (a text). 

1876 J. H. Newman /ist. Sk. IL. v.v. 477 He..emendated 
.. the text of Scripture. 

+ Emendately, adv. Obs. rare. [f. EmEn- 
DATE @.+-LY.] In an emendated manner. 

1539 Taverner Bible, Dedic., The printers .. were .. de- 
sirous to have the.. bible com forth. .as emendatly, etc. 

Emendation (zméndé'fon). [ad. L. émenda- 
tién-em, noun of action f. émendare to EMEND. (In 
OF. esmendacion).] The action of emending. 
+1. Correction, reformation, improvement (of 
life, conduct, etc.), Ods. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) Il. 166 The noblis of 
Scotland .. seand na emendation of his life. 1660 R. Coxe 
Power & Subj. 201 The emendation of the Church. a 1677 
Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 Il. 110 Emendation .. of nature 
is uced by his 5 : 

. Improvement by alteration and correction ; 
esp. of literary or artistic products, methods of 
procedure, scientific systems, etc.; a particular 
instance of such improvement. 

_ W. Wenner Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) % The emendations 
of Poemes be very necessary. 1641 Mitron Ch. Govt. v. 
(1851) 116 Allthis .. interpolisht by some second hand with 
crooks and emendations. narton Disc, Observ. 
Easter Wks. (1683) 36 A better Emendation of the Calendar. 
I Butter Anal. Introd. Wks. 1874 I. 7 What would be 
the amount of these emendations .. upon the system of 
nature. 1783 Mason /resnoy's Art Paint. Pref. (R.) I 
hardly left a single line in it without giving it .. an emen- 
dation. 1830 Cunnincnam Brit, Paint. 1. 156 His is 
suggested emendations. 1854 H. Rocers Ess. (1860) IL. 52 
Leibnitz’ emendation of the saying .. has passed into epi- 
grammatic notoriety. 1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet By ft 
vi. 193 A man’s biography with. -emendations by his ghost. 
__b. esp. The correction (usually by conjecture or 
inference) of the text of an author where it is 
presumed to have been corrupted in transmission ; 
a textual alteration for this purpose. 

16aa-6a Heyiin Cosmogr. (1674) Introd. 9/2 The emenda- 


118 


tion of Bochartus coming in to help. 1778 Br. Lowri 
Isaiah Prelim, Dissert. ie. 12) 45 Whether the conjectural 
deri the conj i d Se i. 
able to the context. Dowpen iil. 30 
The emendations being more wrong than right. 
+Emendative, ¢. 0és. vare—'. [as if ad. 
L. *imendativ-us: see EMENDATE v. and -IVE.] 
That tends to emend. 
Ames Marrow of Div. 352 Emendative Iustice is 
either commutative, or corrective. 
tor (z‘méndéiter). [a. L. mendator 
corrector.] One who emendates ; a corrector. 

1672 Cosin Canon Script. 123 (T.) The Roman emendators 
.. know not how to trust it. 1837 Emerson Mise. (1855) 77 
The restorers of readings, the d 

Emendatory (?mendatari), a. [ad. L. amen- 
datori-us corrective : see EMENDATE v. and -oRY.] 
Of or pertaining to emending. 

+1. In moral sense : Corrective, disciplinary. 

1660 Jer. Tayvtor Duct. Dubit. ww. i. iv. § 10 Punish- 
ments emendatory. 

2. Of or pertaining to EMENDATION 2 and 2 b. 

1795 R. Anperson Life of Dr. Fohnson 142 The sagacity 
of his emendatory criticisms. 1870 Atheneum 2 Apr. No. 
2212. 457 Emendatory editions may be yet in store. 1885 
Spectator 18 July 952/1 Every page .. bristles with the 
emendatory asterisk, 

Emended (‘me‘ndéd), A/. a. [f Emenp v. + 
-ED 1,.] Freed from faults, improved, corrected. 

1882 Nature 199 An emended copy. 1 Manarry in 
Contemp. Rev. toms go2 Scholia in an emended form, 

Emender (/mendoz). [f. EmMEND v. + -ER.] 
One who emends. 

1885 Spectator 18 July 952/1 The wildest emenders almost 
invariably make .. discoveries of permanent value. 

+ Eme‘ndicate, v. Os. [f. L. émendicat- 
ppl. stem of émendicd-re (f. @ out + mendicus 
beggar) to obtain by begging.] 

1. trans. To obtain by begging. 

1611 Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. vii. § 38 Nor would [he] any 
longer emendicate their forraine Justice. 1624 F. WHiTE 
Repl. Fisher 554 It must emendicate Vertue .. to satisfie 
the Auarice of the Horse-leaches of Rome. 1681 [see below]. 

2. absol. To beg. 

1623 Cockeram, Emendicate, to beg, or craue almes. 1847 
in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Hence Eme‘ndicated /f/. a. 

1681 Burnet Hist. Ref. II. 56 Orders are .. given, upon 
the credit of emendicated recommendations. 

Emending, v/. sb. [f. Emenp v. +-1NG1.] 
The action of the vb. EMenpb. 

mqir E. E. Wills (1882) 17 In emendynge of weys lyand 
about be manere of Bradfeld. c1g42 Upa.t in Orig. Lett. 
Eminent Men (1843)4 Aftir myn emendyng and reformacion. 

+Eme-ndment. 0és. rare—!. In 6 emende- 
ment. [f. EMEND v. + -MENT.]= AMENDMENT I a. 

irs Crow.ey Soph. Dr. Watson ii. g2 Our emendement 
of ile. 

+Eme‘nds. Oés. rare—'. [ad. OF. esmendes, 
pl. of esmende reparation (in med.L. émenda, f. 
émendare to EMEND.] = AMENDS 2. 

1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph. uu. § 2 The..losse -.of one 
precious stone semed a sufficient. .emendes for his felicitie. 

Emer, var. of YEMER, Oés., guardian. 

14.. Tundale's Vis, 224 That was the angell to beton is 
bale The whych was emer of Tundale, 

Emerald (c'morald). Forms: 4-7 emeraud(e, 
-awd(e, emraud, (4 emeraund, -rad(e, -royde, 
emmorant, 5 emerant, 6 amerand, emerode, 
emorade, emrade, -rode,) 7 hemerauld, em- 
rald, -auld, -old, (8 emerant), 6- emerald. 
[a. OF. emeraude, esmeraude, esmeralde (Fr. 
émeraude) ; cf. Pr. esmerauda, Sp., Pg. esmeralda, 
It. smeraldo:—Com. Romanic types *smaralda, 
*smaraldo, repr. L. smaragdus, a. Gr. opdparydos : 
see SmMARaGDUS. The change of gd into / in 
Romanic occurs in other cases, as It. Baldacca for 
Bagdad. In Eng. the form with 4 does not 
appear in our quots, before 16th c., when it may 
be due to Sp. influence.] 

1, A precious stone of i green colour; in 
mod. use exclusively applied to a variety of the 

1 species (see Brryt sd, 2), found chiefly in 
S. America, Siberia, and India. 

In early examples the word, like most other names of pre- 
cious stones, is of vague ing ; the mediaeval refe 
to the stone are often based upon the descriptions given b’ 
classical writers of the smaragdus, the identity of whic 
with our emerald is doubtful. In the AV. (as previously 
by Tindale) emera/d has been stapeed as the rendering of 

eb. JD) ndphek (LXX. avOpat, Vulg. carduncudus),a gem 
as to the nature of which there is no evidence.] 

e1300 KX. Alis. 7030 Grete drakis .. emeraundis in mouth 
bare. a@xgjro in Wright Lyric P. v. 26 Ase emeraude 
a-morewen this may haveth myht., 148x Caxton Afyrr. 
u. vii. 79 The Emerawde .. is ..playsaunt to the eye. 
= Tinpate Rev. xxi, 19 The fourth an emeralde. 1527 

‘est. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 244 Unum annulum cum —_ 
vocato an emorade. 1 axtuyt Voy. II. 243 [249] 
Fine emrauds set in golde. 1601 Hottanp Pliny LI. 454 
Our cups .. must be set out with hemeraulds. Brae 
(Douay) Zx. xxviii. 19 In the first rew shal be .. the eme- 
raud. 1634 Mivton Comus 894 My chariot thick set with 
emerald green. 169r Woop Ath. Oxon. II, 523 A ring .. 
having an emrold set therein between two diamonds. 1751 
Cuamers Cyci. s.v., The emerald is supposed .. to arrive 


at its slow d 
Fallaye Cae the bande Wilt thcir mite wah amare 


Lytton Zanoni 28 
to 


u — dehyrog: its colour ; =emerald-green. 
1712 tr. 

cin’d .. will make a Sea-green, an Emerald ..with man: 
other colours. . 


5. attrib. and Comb. a. Simple attrib. 
1877 W. Jones Finger-ring L. 127 An emerald ring was 


thought to ensure 5 
b. quired i. Brillian tly like the emerald. 
HaAKs. Merry W.v.v. 74 Hony Soit Qui Mal-y-Pence, 
write In Emrold-tuffes. 1722 Rocers Pleas. Mem. 1. 145 
The glow-worm loves her emerald-light to shed. 1813 
Hocc Kilmeny, The stillness that lay on the emerant lee. 
1855 Macautay Hist, Eng. II. 158 vast expanse of 
emerald meadow. 1855 Sincteton Virgil 1. 8 Thou might- 

e. Similative in adjs., as emerald-bright, -green, 
-like. 

1614 Eart Stirtinc Doomes-Day, Twelfth Houre (R.), 
Rivers .. emulate the emerauld-like grasse. 1646 Sm T. 
Browne Pseud. Ep. wi. xxv. 177 A.. flame of a circular 
- das and Emerald green colour. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 

. VL ix. 84 The glades between emerald-bright. 1879 R. 
H. Error Written on Foreheads 1. 1 The fields .. were 
emerald green. ane 

d. Special combinations or phrases : + emerald 
copper (A/in.) = DioprasE; emerald green, a 
durable pigment of a vivid light-green colour, 
prepared from the arseniate of copper; Emerald 
Isle, a name given to Ireland, on account of its 
prevailing verdure; emerald moth (Zntom.), a 
name applied to certain moths of the genera //ip- 
parchus, Hemithea, and Cleora, distinguished by 
their bright green colour; emerald nickel (J/in.), 
a native hydrocarbonate of nickel. 

1815 Arkin Min. 91 *Emerald Co) - occurs i 
in lengthened dodecahedrons. 1879 Roop Mod. Ci ics 
ix. 121 The pigment known as Mma, aE x Dr. 
W. Drennan Erin in Notes § Q. Ser. ii. TX. 199 men 
of the *Emerald Isle [Drennan afterwards claimed to have 
invefited the name.] 1842 OrpErson Creo/. v. 46 Our friend 
of the Emerald Isle. 1845 Westwoop Brit. Moths I. 17 
Hipparchus papilionarius (the large *emerald). Hemithea 
vernaria (the small emerald). ‘emithea laria 
(the Essex emerald). Cleora bajularia (the blotched 
emerald). 1848 Amer. Frni. Sc. Ser. u. V1. 248 *Emerald 
Nickel from Texas. 

Emeraldine (e'morildin, -ain), a. and sd. [f. 
EMERALD + -INE.] 

A. adj. Like an emerald in colour; emerald- 


‘een. 
sj" Chamb. Frni. U1, 408 The moat .. bears on its em- 
eraldine breast parterres crowded with .. lovely flowers. 
1859 All Y. Round No. 30; 48 Emeraldine sea. 1863 
Taomeyny Tea ae Steed IL. 316 The larch puts forth its 


emeraldine tufts. 

B. sb. A dye formed from aniline treated with 
hydrochloric acid and chlorate of potassium, or 
from a salt of aniline treated with sesquichloride of 
iron ; egy OT 

1864 Pop. Sc. Rev. U1, 437 A green aniline dye called 
emeraldine. 

+ Emeras. Ods. (See quot.) 

1631 Weever Anc, Fun. Mon, 856 He lieth in complete 
Armour, on both his Emerases the Crosse of Saint George. 
1847 Gloss. Brit. Heraldry, Emerasses ox Ailettes, small 
escutcheons affixed to the shoulders of an armed knight : 

Emeraudes, obs. f. Emzrop. 

Emerrge, sd. nonce-wd. [f. next.] A surface 
that has 


a.. Body.. lighter than Water, being +. into 
it Oat ey gy eh (sic] out of the Water. 
2 To come up out of a liquid in which (the 
subject) has been immersed. Also ¢vans/. to rise 
Jrom (under the surface of) the earth. 
1640 G. Watts Bacon's Adv, Learn, u. xiii. (R.) From 
whose [Medusa’s] blood out, inet Pe- 
the flying horse. T. Burnet The, Parth J), The 
mountains emerged, ond Geena Are bat again. 1692 
Ley Boyle Lect. v. 168 Great multitudes of Animals did 
i out of the Soil. 1700 Dryven Homer 


1 ee te aay Tie Ocean ont of witch 
Britain] emerged. 

3. To come forth into view; to pass out, issue, 
Jrom an enclosed space, area of obscuration, etc. 


EMERGE. 


z Dryven Fables (J.), Darkness, we 
light. 175x Jounson Ramdd. No. 144 3 No sooner can 
any man emerge from the crowd, 1809-10 CoLERIDGE 
Friend 1.5 He emerged from his place of shelter. 1860 
TYNDALL . 1, § 22. 157, I.. saw the party .. emerging 
from one of the hollows. 1 Huxtey Physiogr. 141 By 
the time the stream emerges [from the lake]. 

"| quasi-¢rans. (cf. depart this life, etc.) 

1675 R. Burtnocce Causa Dei 238 Here..as on a..tu- 
multuous Sea, men are Uncapable of. .discerning God. . but 
hereafter, when they have emerged it, they shall, etc. 

b. spec. in Optics of a ray of light after pass- 
ing through a lens, prism, etc.; in Astron. of 
a heavenly body after occultation or eclipse. 

gong Tewrcm Optics (T.) The rays emerge more obliquely 
out of the second refracting surface. 1833 Sir J. Herscue 
Astron. x. § 541 (1858) 361/2 The satellite .. will emerge .. 
after..occultation. 1839 G. Birp Elem. Nat. Phil. 379 If 
the glass parallelopiped be sufficiently long, the beam of 
light will emerge circularly polarized, 

jig. To rise into notice, come forth from 
obscurity ; also, to issue from a state of subjec- 
tion, suffering, embarrassment, etc. 

1664 H. More Myst, Jnig. 296 The Pope once emerged 
above the Emperor. 1665 GLANvILL Scefs. Sci. The 
Empire began to emerge from that black night ale 
ance, 1713 Bentiey Phil. Lips. § 40 (T.) Children, who 
must needs have emerged in a secular life. 1790 Burke /’*. 
Rev. 71 How very soon France .. recovered and emerged 
from the .. dreadful civil war. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 
(1858) II, vi. 13 He emerges into distinct notice.. ten years 
subsequent. 1876 Green Stray Stud. 185 Florence emerged 
into communal greatness, 

+b. Used (like L. evadere) for: To ‘turn out’, 
become. Ods. 

1699 Evetyn Acetaria (1729) 146 An accomplish’d Sallet- 
Dresser .. to emerge an exact Critic. 

5. Of a fact, principle, etc.; To come out as 
the result of an investigation or discussion. Of 
a state of things, a question or problem: To ‘ crop 
up’, arise, present itself for solution (es. suddenly 


emerges into 


or unexpectedly), 
1563-87 Foxe A. § MW. (1596) 86/2 All difficult questions 
in all prouinces whatsoeuer emerging. 1680 H. More 


Afpocal. Apoc. 10 Hence emerges a difficulty. 1702 EveELYN 
in Pepys Diary VI. 254 Instructions naturally emerging 
from the subject. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes ii. 52 So 
many reasons would continually emerge. 1791 Burke 
Thoughts Fr. Affairs Wks. VII. 51 The train of things as 
they successively emerge. 1861 TuLtocu Ezg. Purit. i. 30 
The political difficulty. .did not emerge in Elizabeth's reign. 
1868 M. Parrison Academ, Org. 249 Here emerges the ques- 
tion as to compulsory attendance. 

Emerge, bad spelling of IMeERGE v. 

1644 Fus Populi 34 The right of Fathers..is now emerged 
or made subordinate. 1743 Humours of Whist 45, I have 
been emerged in calculation ever since. 1824 Mechanic's 
Mag. No. 50. 351 Emerge it into a. .cistern of cold water, 


+Eme‘rgement. Ods. rare. [f. EMERGE v. 
+ -MENT.] = EMERGENCY 4. 

@1734 Nortu Exam. u.v.? 138 It being usually observed 
that such Emergements disperse in Rumor unaccountably. 


Emergence (‘m3:1dgéns)._ [ad. late L. émer- 
gentia, f. émergére to EMERGE.] 
1. The rising (of a submerged body) out of the 


water. 

1833 Lye. Princ. Geol. III. 113 The waves .. continue 
their denuding action during the emergence of these islands. 
1860 ‘T'yNDALL Glac. 11. 400 A well-wetted oar .. on its first 
emergence from the water. 1875 CroLt Climate § T. xxiii. 
368 The .. emergence of the land during the glacial epoch. 

2. The process of coming forth, issuing from 
concealment, obscurity, or confinement. /¢. and 


Jig. (Cf. EMERGE v. 3, 4.) 

1755 Brooke Univ. Beauty 1. 10 From the deep thy 
[Venus’] bright emergence sprung. 1779 JoHNson M7/ton, 
L. P. 96 Physiological learning is of.. rare emergence. 
1817 CoLerinGE Biog, Lit. (1817) 2 The emergence of an 
original poetic genius above the literary horizon. 1835-6 
Topp Cyc, Anat. 1, 68/1 The infant is prepared for a more 
independent existence by the emergence of teeth. 1853 
Kane Grinnell Exp. xviii. (3656) 140 Its [a glacier’s] emer- 
gence from the valley, ymonps Grk, Poets i. 1 The 
emergence from primitive barbarism of the t races, 1884 
Sat. Rev. 22 Nov. 657/2 That emergence of the adversary’s 
point at the back might trouble a Neapolitan fencer, 

b. Astron, and Optics. (Cf. EMERGE v. 3 b.) 
1704 Newton Oftics (J.) Refracted light, at its very first 
. Herscuen Astron. ix. 294 ‘The 
satellite’s emergence. 1 Tynpatt Heat iv. 108 As a 
thermic agent, the beam. .is far more powerful than. .after 
its emergence. 188: Lp, RayLeiGu in Nature XXV. 64 
Giving the light a more ..grazing emergence. 

8. An unforeseen occurrence; a state of things 
unexpectedly arising, and demanding immediate 
attention. 

Now replaced by Emercency, which Ash in 1775 notes as 
‘less usual’. 

ty dow Guturir Mem. (1702) 7 tee Castle of Dunglass 
was blown up with Powder .. This tragical Emergence, 
etc. 1788 Prizsttey Lect. Hist. y. lii, 406 To raise the 
nominal value of money may serve a particular emergence. 
1823 Scorr Peveril vi, The best I can think of in this emer- 
gence is,etc. 1849 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. Il. 69 Nothing 
came out on the present emergence to alter our opinion. 

Pressing need, urgent want: ‘a sense not 


emergence, 1833 Sir 


proper’ (J.). 

Soi Gomes Charity 188 Not he but his emergence forced 
the door. 1846 Tuackeray Cornhill to Cairo ix. 106 They 
callin their emergence upon countless saints and virgins, 


4. Bot, A term applied by Sachs to those out- 


119 


growths on leaves or stems which arise from the 
sub-epidermic tissue and not merely from the 
epidermis, 

1882 tr. Sachs’s Text-bk. Botany (ed. 2) 161. 

Emergency (‘m3:1dzénsi), [ad. late L. Zmer- 
gentia: see prec. and -ENCY.] 

1. The rising of a submerged body above the 
surface of water; = EMERGENCE 1. Now rave. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. wv. vi. 194 A Tyrant. .to 
prevent the emergencie of murdered bodies did use to cut 
off their lungs. 1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 689 They [the 
Goodwin Sands]..may be of late Emergency. 1880 A. R. 
Wattace /s/. Life ix. 169 Repeated submergencies and 
emergencies of the land. 

+2. The process of issuing from concealment, 
confinement, etc. ; = EMERGENCE 2. Ods. 

¢ 1645 Howeit Fam. Lett. (1650) Il. 4 Congratulat his 
..emergency from that course he was plunged in. 1656 
H. More Axtid, Ath, Pref. Gen. (1712) 14 The. .immediate 
emergency of Vitality from Spirit. 1663 BoyLe Colours (J.), 
‘The emergency of colours, upon coalition of the particles of 
such bodies. .is very well worth our attentive observation. 

+b. Astron. = EMERGENCE 2 b. Ods. rare. 

1762 Dunn in Pil. Trans. LII. 579, I had compared it 
with the fixed stars, and the Moon, after emergency from 
the aforementioned clouds. 

+8. The arising, sudden or unexpected occur- 
rence (of a state of things, an event, etc.). Ods. 

1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sci. xxi, Most of our Rarities have 
been found out by casual emergency. 1755 Macens /7- 
surances 11, 2 The Emergency of an unexpected Case. 
1776 Gispon Decl. § F. 1. 383 The emergency of war very 
frequently required their presence on the frontiers, 

4. concr. a. (the ordinary mod. use): A juncture 
that arises or ‘turns up’; esf. a state of things 
unexpectedly arising, and urgently demanding im- 
mediate action. 

@ 1631 Donne Select. (1840) 107 The Psalms minister 
instruction. .to every man, inevery emergency. 1764 Burn 
Poor Laws 196 Relief on sudden emergencies. 1821 Byron 
Mar. Fal. v. i. 183 On great emergencies The law must be 
remodell’d or amended. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. 
iv. 342 The bishop, beautifully equal to the emergency, 
arose. 1 Smices Huguenots Eng. ii. (1880) 22 On an 
emergency he would even undertake to measure land. _ 

“| Hence sometimes used for: Urgency, pressing 
need. ‘A sense not proper’ (J.). 

1716 Appison /’reeholder (J.), In any case of emergency, 
he would employ the whole wealth of hisempire. Zod. It 
is a case of great emergency. 

+b. £2. Casual or contingent profits. Obs. 

a 1662 Heytin Laud 1. 151 Rents, Profits and Emer- 
gencies belonging to a Bishop of Bath and Wells. 

5. attrib., esp. in Emergency man: (in Treland) 
an occasional bailiffs officer, recruited for special 
service, esf. in evictions. ‘ 

1881 Let. 14 Dec. in Reid Life of W. E. Forster (1888) 
Il. viii. 377 The Emergency Committee .. was a purely 
Orange emanation. 1883 Aun. Reg. 1. 1 Three Emergency 
men [were] attacked by an armed party. 

Emergent (‘msu1dzént), a and sd. [a. L. 
emergent-em: see EMERGENCE.] A. adj. 

1. Rising out of a surrounding medium, ¢.g. water. 

1627 May Lucan iv. 141 Emergent hills t’'appeare began. 
1682 Weekly Mem. Ingen. 355 One part is emergent above 
the water. @1774 Fercuson Month of April, Brittania 
.. Floating emergent on the frigid zone. 185r RuskIN 
Stones Ven. II. vi, The great plain, broken by an emergent 
rock or clump of trees. ; 

b. fig. with direct reference to lit. sense. 

1636 B. Jonson Déscov. (1692) 693 The man that is once 
hated, both his good and his evil deeds oppress him. He is 
not easily emergent. 1647 May Hist. Parl. ul. vi. 102 
Parliament was..so..sunke..that nothing but an extra- 
ordinary providence could make it again emergent. 1763 
SuensTone Elegies v. 27 Hope, still emergent, still con- 
temns the wave. @ 1797 H. Watrote Mem. Geo. 11. 1. 376 
The emergent humour of his people. 

2. That is in process of issuing forth. 

1640 SuirLey Opportunity Ded., This poem.. emergent 
from the press. 1728 THomson Spring 263 This..emergent 
from the gloomy wood, The glaring lion saw. 1838 J. Stru- 
tHERS Poetic Tales 38 The sun emergent smiled. 

b. spec. in Astron. (see quot.) ; in Oftics said 
of a ray of light after passing through a refracting 
medium; so also of a ray of heat. 

1676 Newton in Phil. Trans. XI. 558 The incident re- 
fractions were..equal to the emergent. 1721 BaILey s.v., 
When a Star is getting out of the Sun Beams, and ready 
to become visible, it is said to be emergent. 1822 ImiIson Sc. 
§ Art I. 246 The emergent rays will be collected to a focus. 
1863 Tynpatt /eat ix. (1870) 287 Heat emergent from 
these respective plates. ? ; 

3. jig. That is in process of rising into notice. 

1654 H. L’Esrrance Chas. /. (1655) 8 The self same spirit 
of contest..was emergent long before that marriage. 1837 
Cartyte Fy, Rev. u. vi. vi, Either emergent or else 
emerged and full-blown. 185: J. H. Newman Cath, in 
Eng. 189 There are emergent parties in this country. 

4. fig. That arises from or out of something 

prior; consequent, derivative. 
_ €1619 R. Jones Serm. Resur. in Phenix 11. 488 Declin- 
ing all emergent controyersys. 1650 VENNER Via Recta 
Advt. 370 From whose [blood] losse or want so great hurts 
are emergent. @ 1716 Soutn (J.), A necessity emergent 
from and inherent in the things themselves, 1833 Sir J. 
Herscuet Astron, xiii. § 689 (1858) The changes of ex- 
centricity emergent. .from the action of the normal force. 

5. Casually or unexpectedly arising; not spe- 
cially provided for. arch, 


EMERITED. 


1593 Bitson Govt, Christ's Ch. 375 To amend all matters 
emergent. 1628 Dicsy Voy. Medit, (1868) 3 That the 
Admirall_may giue directions vpon emergent occasions. 
1653 H. Cocan Diod, Sic. 238 It is their custome after meate 
to fall into some emergent discourse, 1726 AyLIFFE Parerg. 
282 Allowances of Money paid to Persons for emergent 
Services. 1845-6 Trencn Huds. Lect. Ser. 1. ii, 33 Occa- 
sional documents called forth by emergent needs. 

4] Used for ‘ urgent’, ‘ pressing’. 

1706 Dr For Yure Div. Pref. 1 To perswade their Princes 
to burst them in their most emergent Occasions. 1717 Lapy 
M. W. Montacue Zef¢t. II. xlvii. 45 The most emergent 
necessity. 1878 Macm. Mag. Jan. 254/1 Certain petty and 
emergent repairs. 1881 Sfectator 19 Feb. 245 The provo- 
cation was of the most emergent kind. 1882 Sir R. Temple 
Men & Events viii. 182-3 If a matter was politically emer- 
gent .. he cast away his over-caution. 

6. Required for emergencies. 

1800 WELLINGTON Le?. in Gurw. Désf. I. 65 I have this 
day sent a supply of emergent ammunition. 

+7. Emergent year: transl. of med.L. annus 
emergens. Obs. 

The term was used by Gervase of Tilbury, who says that 
the Jews have three modes of reckoning their years: viz., 
annum usualem, which they employ in conformity with 
the practice of their Christian neighbours, beginning on 
1 Jan.; annum legitimum, which begins in April; and 
annunt emergentem, which is reckoned from their departure 
from Egypt. In this passage evergens has its usual med.L. 
sense ‘arising out of a particular circumstance’ (cf. 4, 5)3 
but after the publication of Gervase in Leibnitz Scr7pz. 
Rer, Brunsv. (1707-10) the phrase annus emergens was 
taken to mean ‘the initial year of an era’ (a misconception 
to which the sentence, apart from its context, easily lends 
itself). Hence the modern equivalents of the L. phrase, 
with this incorrect explanation, found their way into 18th c. 
dictionaries of Fr., Sp.,-and Eng.; but we have failed to 
discover any evidence that they actually came into use in 
those langs. A passage from the same ultimate source as 
that in Gervase occurs in Higden (see quot. 1450). 

¢ 1480 tr. Higden’s Polychron, (Harl. MS, 2261) I. 37 Also 
there is a yere emergente as anendes theyme begynnengs 
from May when thei wente from Egipte. 1736 Baitey, 
Emergent year [with erroneous explanation as above}. 
Hence in mod. Dicts. 

B. sb. +1. An outcome, incidental result. Ods. 

1528 State Lett. in Burnet “7st. Ref II. 89 In this cause 
of Matrimony with all the emergents and dependencies upon 
the same. ?1656 Bramuatt Kefpéic. vi. 235 ‘The considera- 
tion of one or two circumstances or emergents, 

+2. An unforeseen occurrence, a contingency 
not specially provided for; = EMERGENCY 3b. Oés. 

1620 Brent tr. Sarpi’s Hist. Counc. Trent 658 ‘Vo be able 
to giue a rule for all emergents as the times doe require. 
1637-50 Row Hist. Airk (1842) 47 Maters falling out, new 
incidents and emergents. @1714 Burnet Own Time I. 74 
By an unlooked for emergent, the session was broke. 1720 
Woprow Corr, (1843) II. 491 My behaviour in this emergent. 

3. Sctence. An effect produced by a combination 
of several causes, but not capable of being re- 
garded as the sum of their individual effects. 
Opposed to reseltant. 

1874 Lewes Problems Life & Mind 1. 98. 

Emergently (‘mo idzéntli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY*.] In an emergent manner; + by way of in- 
cidental consequence (ods.). 

1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. m. iv. ? 5§1 Not primely 
necessary, but emergently and contingently..useful. 

+Eme‘rgentness. Obs. rare—°. [f. Emxr- 
GENT a.+-NESS.] ‘The state of being emergent ; 
“emergency, casualness’ (Bailey). 

1736 in BatLey. 1775 in Asn. 

Emergi g (#md-1dzin), vol. sb. [f. EMERGE 2, 
jae] The action of the verb EMERGE. 

1813 Examiner 10 May 300/2 The most convenient grave 
for the emerging of the deceased. 183x Howitt Seasons 
262 Those sudden emergings from shadow and silence. 1837 
CartyLte Fr. Rev. (1872) ILI. 1. vi. 79 We have got to 
another emerging of the Trial. 

Eme'rging, #//.a. [f.as prec. +-1Nc?.] That 
emerges. /7¢. and fig. 

1646 S. Botton Arraignm. Err. 265 The power of re- 
dressing emerging enormities in a church. 1703 Pore Ver- 
tumnus 115 Thro’ clouds th’ emerging sun appears. 1710 
Norris Chr. Prud. ii. ror They. .lay down old Principles. . 
when..any emerging Juncture shall make it for their ad- 
vantage. 1822 Byron Heav. & Earth iii. 40 To hiss and 
sting through some emerging world. 1856 STaNnLey Sizaz 
§ Pal. vi. 263 The waves. .dash against the emerging rocks. 

Emerick, emeril(1, obs. forms of Emrry. 

+Eme'rit, 2. Ods. rare. [ad. L. emerit-us: 
see EmEritus.] Superannuated. In quots. used 
contemptuously. Also as quasi-sd, Cf. EMERITUS. 

1641 W. Cartwricut Ordinary 1. v. (1651) 17 That old 
Emerit thing .. that rotten Antiquary. a 1643 — Birth 
P'cess Eliz. (R.), The emerit ancient warbling priests. 
1710 Acc. Last Distemper of T. Whigg u. 43 He scorn’d to 
.. be thought an Emerite. i z 

+ Emerrit, v. Ods. vare—'. [f. L. emerit- ppl. 
stem of émere-re, -ri, f. @ out + merére, -rz to de- 
serve, earn.] ¢vans. To obtain by service, deserve. 

ea Fairrax, &c, Remonstrance 51 The persons that.. 
shall have emerited their pardons. 

Emerited (tmerritéd), 7. a. arch, [f. L. 
émerit-us (see next) + -ED.] Chiefly of soldiers and 
sailors: That has retired from active service, served 
out his time ; hence, skilled through long practice 
or experience. See EMERITUS. 

1664 Evetyn Sylva (1776) ELH cope and well deserv- 


ing Seamen and Mariners. 1681 — Diary (1827) III. 61 A 


EMERITUS. 


Hospital for emerited souldiers. Sara Tw. 
round C. (1861) The most emerited thieves. did. 
gor The abhorred ‘ i’ whom papal gensd’arme 


¢ to be an emerited brigand. 
"| Emeritus (/meritis), a. and sd. [L. 2meritus 
that has served his time (said of a soldier), pa. 
pple. of émeréri (see Emenir v.) to eam (one’s 
discharge) by service. ; 
A. adj. Honourably discharged from service ; 
chiefly in mod.L. phrase emeritus professor, the 


title = to a university professor who has re- 


tired from the office. 

1823 De Quincey Lett. on Educ. v.(1860) 102 An emeritus 
Professor of Moral Philosophy. 1870 LowELt Study Wind. 
(1886) 86 He would not claim to be emeritus. 1874 Morey 
Compromise (1886) 140 When Reason may possibly have no 
more to discover for us in the region of morals .. and so 
will have become emeritus. 2 

B. sé. One who has retired or been discharged 
from active service or occupation. 

In mod. Dicts. 

+ E-merods, sd. 7. Obs. Forms: 5-7 emer- 
audes, -odes, (5 emerawntys, -owdys, emo- 
royades), 7 emrods, emeroids, emerods. [ad. 
L. hamorrhoides, a. Gr. alpoppoides: see HEMoR- 
RHOIDS.] = HemorRuHorps. Still sometimes used 
in allusions to 1 Sam. v. 6, 7, in A.V. 

a 1400 in Rel. Ant, 1. 190 A man schal blede ther [in the 
arm] also, The emeraudis for to undo. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 
139 Emerawntys, or emerowdys. 1530 PatsGr. 182 A disease 
called the emerodes. 1610 Barroucu Meth. Physick 1. 
xxviii, (1639) 47 If the disease [melancholy] be caused 
through the stopping of Emerods. 1625 Hart Azat. Ur. 
Il. viil. 106 Such dust .. is thought to signifie fluxe of the 
Emeraudes. 1631 GouGr Goa’s Arrows 11. 362 He died of 
-.the Emeroids. 1770 ANDrEw Mitcuett in Ellis Orig, 
Lett. Ser. u. IV. 527 He was seized..with a fit of the gout 
and the emerods at the same time. 1855 SMEDLEY Occult 
Sc. 335 The mice and emerods of gold .. were essentially 
charms. 

Emersed (most), A//. a. [f. L. amers-us, 
pa. pple. of émergére to EMERGE +-ED.] Standing 
out from a medium in which a thing has been 
plunged. /¢, and fig. 

1686 Goap Celest. Bodies 1. xvi. 106 A perfect Trine 
emers’d above the Horizon. 1729 Savace Wanderer 1. 105 
My —— steps up a steep mountain strain! Emers’d 
a-top, I mark the hills subside. 1870 Hooker Stud, Flora 
368 Leaves floating or emersed. 

Emersed, bad spelling of IMMERSED. 

1794 Suttivan View Nature I. 91 Emersed under the 
waters of the ocean. 

Emersion (‘m‘1fon). [as if ad. L. *2mersion- 
em, n. of action f. émergé-re to EMERGE. ] 

1. The appearing (of what has been submerged) 
above the surface of the water. (Formerly some- 
times in a narrower sense: see quot. 1731.) 

1667 Phil. Trans. 11. 440 The Immersion and Emersion of 
the Globe. 1693 KNatcuHBuLt Annot. 207 (T.) Their immer- 
sion into the water, and their emersion out of the same. 
1731 Baiey, vol. II. Emersion, the rising of any solid above 
ik surface of a fluid specifically lighter than itself, into 
which it had been violently immersed. 1799 Kirwan Geol, 
Ess. 26 The creation of fish was. . subsequent to the emersion 
of the tracts just mentioned. 1875 Wonders Phys. World 
America, the emersion of which is comparatively recent. 
Phas 1760 Foote Minor u. (1781) 58 Her emersion from 
the mercantile ruin, — 1768-74 Tucker Zt, Nat. (1852) I. 
350 This emersion. .of human nature from the floods of cor- 


ruption, 

3. The action of coming out or issuing (from 
concealment or confinement). Somewhat rare, 

1763 C. Jounstone Reverie Il. 42 My emersion from.. 
solitude in which I had buried myself. 1835 Kirsy /ad. 
Anim. I. ii. 63 The animal’s emersion from its hiding place. 

b. Astron. The reappearance of the sun or 
moon from shadow after eclipse, or of a star or 
planet after occultation. 

1633 H. Geupranp in T. James Voy. Rb, The exact 
time of the Moones Emersion. _ 1759 Jounson Rasse/as xl. 
(1787) 116 We were., watching the emersion of a satellite of 
Jupiter, 1833 Sir J. Herscuet Astron. ix. 294 Aneclipse.. 
in which only the immersion, or only the emersion is 


seen. 

+3. A coming into notice; an issuing into 
being. Ods. 

1678 Cupwortu Jnted/, Syst. 145 This Hylozoick Atheism 
hath been very obscure ever since its first Emersion. 1680 
H. More Afocadl. Afoc. 218 The emersion of the New Jeru- 
salem into Being. 

Emery (e'mori), sd. Also 6 emerye, (ymree), 
7-8 emeril(1, 7 emerick. [a. F. émeri, émeril, 
OF. esmeril = sp. esmeril, It. smeriglio :—late L. 
smericulum, f, Gr. opijps (cpipis, opvpis) a powder 
used for polishing. ] 

1. A coarse variety of corundum, used for polish- 
ing metals, stones, and go. 


Fo wp Howard Househ, Bhs, (1844) 379 My Lord toke to 
+,the armore to by with emeryxxd. 1505 Ld. Treas. Acc. 
Scotl. in Pitcairn Crim. Trials I. *123 —s of their 


steil sadilles with ymree. 1577 Wills § Inv. (1835) I. 
415, Viij pounde emerye. Pod Hottanp Camden's Bri. "1. 
225 That most hard and stone Smyris (which we 


tearme Emerill), 16ra Drayton Poly-olb. i. 2 Jernsey.. 
whose..ground The hardned Emerifl hath. sO Sir T, 
Browne Pseud. Ep. u, iii. 69 The ye attracteth ., the 
Smyris or Emery in powder. 1677 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 
(1703) 15 Make it..smoother with Emerick. 1759 WiLson 


120 
il. Trans, LI. I then, with a little d 
SS Bg ‘De Foes Tour t. Brit. 
IIL. 349 The sharp and hard or 1816 
J- — Panorama ae I. 33 =p < 
the barrels with. a little washed emery. ; 
2. (See quot.) 


1789 Mitts Strata Irel. in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 97 An 
irregular bed of iron ore, called emery by the inhabitants. 

3. attrib. and Comb., as emery-stone; also emery- 
cloth, -paper, cloth or paper covered with emery- 
powder, to be used for polishing or cleaning 
metals, etc.; emery-file (see quot.); emery- 
grinder, an emery-wheel mounted on a stand, to 
be used as a grind-stone ; emery-powder, ground 
emery, hence a vé., to rub with emery-powder ; 
emery-roller, a roller coated with emery ; emery- 
stick (see quot.) ; emery-wheel, a wheel made 
of lead, or of wood covered with leather, coated 
with emery, and used for polishing. 

1884 F. Britten Watch §& Clockm. 101 *Emery File 
-.a solid stick of Emery used as a file. 1772 Phil. 
Trans. LXII. 360 The stem..made very smooth with 
*Emery paper. 1812 Examiner 28 Dec. 824/2 Blacking 
and emery-paper manufacturers. 18.. Oxford Bible Helps 
126 The corundum .. which when ground is known to us 
as *emery powder. 1885 Mrs. Rippe.t Mitre Court I. iv. 
86 She had scrubbed, blackleaded .. and *emery-powdered 
for that gentleman. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 274/1 
An *emery roller is geared upon the. .main cylinder. 1884 
F. Britten Watch 5, as eae ror *Emery stick. .a stick of 
wood round which Emery paper is glued. 1610 W. Fotk- 
INGHAM Art of Survey t. iti. 5 *Emeril-stones. 1763 BowLes 
in Phil. Trans. LVI. 231 Great blocks of emery-stone. 1864 
Rawiinson Anc, Mon. I1. vii. 187 The shamir, or emery- 
stone. 1873 J. Richarps Wo0o0d-working Factories 58 Grind- 
stones, “emery wheels, buffing wheels. 

Emery (e'mori), v. [f. prec. sb.] ‘vans. To 
tub or polish with emery; to coat with emery. 

Hence E-meried f//. a. 

1844 NV. Brit. Rev. 11.192 Anemeried wheel. 1865 /nted/. 
Observ. No. 38. 123 An emeried glass-plate. 

Emerylite (emorilait). An. [f. Emery sé. 
+-LiTE.] A silicate of calcium and aluminium, 
occurring in trimetric hemihedral crystals, with a 
monoclinic aspect ; = MARGARITE. 

1849 J. L. Smitn in Amer, Frnil. Sc. Ser. u. VII. 285, I 
have decided to call it Emerylite. 

|| Emesis (e'm/ésis). Path. [Gr. éueots, f. éué-ev 
to SegnieA The action of vomiting. 

1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 426 Emesis is the result of 
a very complicated series of actions. 

+ Emethen, adv. Obs. rare. Also 4 emethend. 

a. ON. & medan (4 = ON; medan ‘whilst’, re 
lated to Mip).] In the mean time. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 5118 He .. leues me beniamyn emeben. 
Ibid, 26928 It es stikand euer emepbend. 

Emetia (‘mi'tia). Chem. [f. Gr. éuer-os vomit- 
ing +-1A.] = EMETINE. 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 205 Emetia is found in 
Ipecacuanha. 1875 H. Woop Thera. (1879) 432 There is no 
proof that emetia ever causes vaso-motor spasm. 

Emetic (me'tik), a. and sd. Also 7-8 eme- 
tick, (7 hemettick). [ad. Gr. éuetix-ds provoking 
vomiting, f. éué-ew to vomit.] A. adj. 

1. Having power to produce vomiting. Also fig. 
sickening, mawkish. 

1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 47 Why these should not 
be Emetick. =7e R. Baker Remarks Eng. Lang. (1779) 8 
Richardson. .in his emetic history of Pamela, Mente 
Amer. Geog. 1. 460 The waters when drank, operate .. as 
emetic. 1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 74 i puma 
emetic qualities. i ae 

2. In phraseological combinations: emetic cup, 
goblet (cf. ANTIMONIAL a. 1); emetic root, Zu- 
phorbia corollata; emetic tartar, (now usually) 
tartar-emetic[mod.L. /artarusemeticus}, potassio- 
antimonious tartrate, C, H,(NH,) (Sb O) O,-4 H, O; 
emetic weed, Lovelia inflata; emetic wine = 
antimonial wine. 

1679 tr. Apol. Mdm. Manchini 14 The Hemettick Wine. . 
= y Lowe be to Ve —— 1789 A. Crawrorp in 

‘ed, Commun. II. 305 A quarter of a in of emetic tartar. 
1720 Lond. Gaz. No. B84/t Emetick Wine. 1823 J. Bapcock 

om. Amusem. 108 Emetic Tartar... ought tobe nes 
pure. 1877 Warts Dict, Chem. V. 685 A compound of 
tartar-emetic and cream of tartar. 

Mo mg A medicine that excites vomiting. 

3657. G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 194 Vomitories. .the 
likewise call by a Greek name, Emeticks, 1788 Lp. frome 
LAND Diary in Corr. (1861) II. 94 To take an emetic together. 
1819 Byron Yuan u. xxi, The sea acted as a strong emetic. 
1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 426 Emetics are. -employed. . 
for the of producing. . vomiting. 
trans. Byron Yuan vu. xii, Three hundred cannon 
threw up their emetic. : 

Emetical (/me'tikil), a. [f. prec. + -an.] = 
Emeric a. “it, and fig. 

Phil. Trans. IV. 1131 A greater ‘ion of Salt.. 
would make it..Emetical.” x825 Lp. Cocanva deena i. 39 
The emetical nature of the stuff that was swallowed. 
Blackw. Mag. LI. 22 It is nauseous and emetical to be 
that our fellow-countrymen starve outside our gates, 

E tme'tikali), adv. rare. [f. Emp- 
TICAL @. + -LY. the manner of an emetic. 

1860 Dickens Uncomm. Trav. xvii, Sneaking Calais, 
prone behind its bar, invites emetically to despair, ¥ 


EMICATION. 


Emetine (e'mitain). Chem. Also (ods.) eme- 
tin, emetina. [f. Gr. éuer-os vomiting + -INE. 
An alkaloid obtained from the root of Cephaélis 
ipecacuanha, 

1819 Cuitpren Chem. Anal. 292 Emetin is obtained 
from ipecacuanha. 1838T. THomson Chem. . Bodies 
262 Emetina. .was detected, in 1817. .in ij 1876 
Hartey Mat. Med. 721 It Seouasbles. -emetine, 

ic (e:métokapa‘itik), sé. and 

a. ms [f. Gr. éuero-s vomiting + xaSaprixés pur- 
gative. 

A. adj. Having power to cause both purging 

and vomiting. B, sb. A substance having this power. 

1879 Syd. Soc. Lex. s. v. Ailanthus, These preparations 
act as emetocathartics, 


as well as taniafuges. 

Emetology (em/tglédzi). Med. [f. Gr. guero-s 
vomiting + -LoGY.] ‘The doctrine of, or a treatise 
of, vomiting and emetics’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Emeu, emu (7‘miz). Also 7 emia, eme, 
8-9 emew. [Alleged by early travellers (see quot. 
1613) to be the name used by the natives of 
Banda and the neighbouring islands ; now, how- 
ever, believed to be a. Pg. ema, orig. denoting the 
crane, but afterwards applied to the ostrich and 
to various birds of ostrich-like appearance. 

The form emu is perh. now more common in popular 
writing, and has latterly been adopted in the transactions 
of the Zoological Society. Prof. Newton, however, and 
some other eminent authorities prefer the older form emen.) 

+1. = Cassowary 1. Obs: 

1613 Purcuas Pilgr. I. v. xii. 430 The bird called Emia or 
Eme isadmirable. 1656 H. More Antid. Ath. u. xi. (1712) 
74 The Cassoware or Emeu. 

+2. ?The American Ostrich, Rhea americana. 
[Perh. an error; the Pg. ema is —— to this bird.] 

1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. 111. 37 The Emu which many 
call’ the American Ostrich. 1 bre Surinam I. x. 
245 The largest bird in Guiana is there called tuyew, and 
by others emu. 


. A genus (Dromeus) of birds, constituting the 
family Dromeide of the order Megistanes, sub- 
class Ratite. It is peculiar to the Australian con- 
tinent. The best known species (D. nove-hollan- 
diz), discovered soon after the colonization of 
New South Wales in 1788, was originally regarded 
as a species of Cassowary ; the Emeu and Cassowary 
are closely allied, but the former is distinguished 
by the absence of the horny ‘helmet’ and of the 
caruncles on the neck, and by the presence of a 
singular opening in the front of the windpipe. 

Pi Cyct. XXIII. The E. 
hollow drotmlog aot of bak upye Danwar ties. ne 
(1888) II. 224 The female. of one of the emus (Dromaus 
inoratus) is..larger than the 1875 A. R. WALLACE 
Geog. Distrib. Animals 11. 368 The Emeus are found only 
on the main-land of Australia. 

4. Comb. emeu-tree, a low tree or shrub, a 
native of Tasmania; emeu-wren, an Australian 
bird, Stipzturus (or Malurus) malacurus, of the 
family Sylvitde. 

1865 Goutp Handbk. Birds Australia I. 339 The Emu 
Wren is.. fond of low marshy districts. i875 Lastetr 
Timber Trees 206 Emu Tree. _ 

|| Emeute (emét). [Fr.: f. évouvoir to agitate, 
set in motion.] A popular —- disturbance. 

1862 H.W. Bettew Mission Afghanistan These 
feuds and emeutes are of daily occurrence. Manch, 
Exam. 7 Jan. 5/1 That movement might be supported by 
an emeute in the town. 

fiteutic: see EmpuyTEvric, 

+ Emfo'rth, adv. and prep. Obs. Also 4 
evene forth. [f. em, EvEN adv. + Fortu.] 

A. adv. Equally. 

1377 Lanot. ?. PZ. B. xu. 142 Louye.. enemye .. 
euene forth with pi-selue. 1430 Lyne. C Troy w. 
xxxv, Who shall emforth and more be suer. 


B. prep. 

1. According to; in proportion to. 

e Warw. (A.) 6093 Amis emforp his mi3t Confort 
him y and nizt, ¢1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 2128 
Ari » To save a gentyl man emforth hire myght. 1393 
Lanai. /. PP. C. xvi. 222 Beatus, seith seynt ee qui 
scripturas legit .. emforth his power. 

+ Oy Bk. Wieden frende emforb 

ol: Bk. i trewe 
thyselt pou misth telle bi bough Pi 
‘micant, @. Obs. rave—'. [ad. L. Zmicant- 
em, pr. pple. of émicd-re; see next.] That darts 
or flashes forth. 


V. xl, he studious » that so 


em, n. of action f. as prec, 


AP we i, » ee ae 
speigtey 7. Browne Moat tab 1, ¥, 90 Tron in Aqua 


EMICATIOUS. 


fortis will fall into ebullition, with noise and emication. 
1775 in Asu. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 
% The action of shining forth. In quot. fg. 
T. Avams £2xf. 2 Pet. i. 19 Christ hath .. divers 
names of light given him, according to the different degrees 
of his emication. 1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in 


Battey. 

Emicatious (emikéifas), a. monce-wd. [f. 
Emicati-on + -ous.] That shines or glitters. 

1819 H. Busx Vestriad v. 473 Wood. .Smooth, emicatious, 
free from knot or joint. “ 

[t+ E-mich, emych. A misspelling of Eunuca 
(occurring several times in the work cited). 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de Worde) 1. clviii. (1495) 
161 a/2 Emyches.. men that lacke their membres of man- 
kinde. /éid. 163a/1 Emiches.] é 

Emiction (/mi‘kfon). Phys. [n. of action f. 
émict- ppl. stem of late L. émingére, f. € out + min- 
gére to make water. ] 

1, The action of voiding the urine. 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

2. concr. Urine; that which is voided by the 


urina aren 
1666 G. veY Morb. Angl.(J.), Gravel and stone. .effuse 
the blood apparent in a sanguine emiction. 1775 in AsH. 
in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 
mictory (‘micktori), a. and sé. Med. [f. as 
prec. : see -oRY.] A. adj. That has diuretic pro- 
perties. B. sd. A diuretic; a medicine that pro- 
motes the discharge of urine. 
In mod. Dicts. 
Emid, obs. var. of Aum. [The e- may perh. 
represent 77 rather than ov. 


@1300 Cursor M, 4252 (Cott.) In all.. drightin was him 
Sot aad Ibid, 6612 Pai fand bot wormes creuland emid. 

idward, var. form of AMIDWARD, frep. Obs. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 16404 Vp he ras and wess his hend emid- 
wi t folk bliue. j 

+ igrane. Ods. [ad. med.L. emigraneus, 
L. hémicranius (dolor): see MicRainz.] = M1- 
GRAINE. 

3 Cath. Angi. 114 Pe Emygrane, emigraneus. 

ee ornate 8 sce fat Loree 

grant-em, pr. pple. of émigra-re: see EMIGRATE.] 

A. sb. One who removes from his own land to 
settle (permanently) in another. Also attrid., as 
in emigrant-ship. 

1754 (title), A Memorial of the Case of the German Emi- 

ts settled in .. Pensilvania. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. 
ra I. Introd. 27 In these expeditions the northern emi- 
ants were. .attended by their poets. 1818 Cossetr Resid. 

1. S. (1822) 302, I pouily doubt of its being. .of any benefit 
to the emigrants themselves. 1839 THiRLWALL Greece II. 
xii, 82 The emigrants were headed by chiefs who claimed 
di from Ag on, 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 100 The noise of embarking emigrants. 

attrib. 1855 Times g July 10/5 Wreck of the Emigrant 
ship Lochmaben Castle. : 

. spec. One of the French Royalists who fled 
at the time of the Revolution; = Emicr&. 

1792 Gipson Misc. Wks. (1814) 1. 368 The deplorable state 
of the French emigrants. 1812 Amyor Windham’s Life 1. 39 
An expedition, composed of Emigrants, proceeded against 
each 1860 L. Harcourt Diaries G. Rose I. 162 The 

mperor had insisted that the Emigrants should make no 
attempt to disturb the public tranquillity. A 

B. adj. That emigrates or leaves his own land 
for another. Also (of birds), migratory. 

1794 Matuias Purs. Lit. (1798) 195 Emigrant Catholick 
priests. 1796 E. Darwin Zoon, I. 233 The same birds are 
ai ne from some countries and not so from others. 


+ Emi-grate, a. [ad. L. éigratus, pa. me 
of émigrare: see next and -ATE.] hat has 
migrated (from the body). 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 226 Letour souls emigrate meet. 

munigeate (e'migre't), v. [f. L. émigrat- ppl. 
stem of émigra-re, f.é@ out + migra-re to MIGRATE. ] 

1. intr. To remove out of a country for the pur- 
pose of settling in another. 

1778 Conversation in Boswell Fohnson lxii. (1848) 574 They 
don’t emigrate, till they could earn their livelihood .. at 
home. ‘nla Poms, Stud. Antig. 60 (T.) The surplus 
parts of this plethorick [ 727 aa phiboretl body must emi- 
grate. 1833 Wave Middle § Working Classes (1835) 342 It 
is only the. .redundant portion of the community that ought 
to emigrate. 188: W. Bence Jones in Macm. Mag. XLIV. 
137 In 1880, 96,000 persons emigrated from Ireland. 

b. In wider sense: To remove from one place 
of abode to another. rare. 

184x W. Spatpinc Jtaly §& Jt. Isl. III. 352 The moun- 
taineers. .emigrate during the summer to the Tuscan coast. 

2. trans. To cause or assist to emigrate; to send 
out to settle in a foreign country. 

1870 C. B. CrarkEin Macm. Mag. Nov. 51/2 Pauper chil- 
dren .. I wouldemigrate. 1886 Miss Rye in Pal/ Mall G. 
20 Apr. 2 It is now twenty-five years since I first began 
to emigrate women, 

E ted, #f/. a. [f. prec.+-Ep1.] That 
has left his native land to settle in another. 

1794 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 6s, Their emigrated countrymen 
in the Spanish service. wy crt Trav. France 57 The 
emigrated proprietor is not .. without a cl of restitu- 
tion. 1863 Biyru Hist. Rec. Fincham 168 Our emigrated 
countrymen in the colonies. 


ting (e'migreitin), 447. a. [f. as prec. 
+-Inc?.] That emigra 


tes. 
1812 Examiner 9 Nov. 710/2 Many emigrating inhabit- 
Vor. III 


121 


ants. 1869 Daily News 12 June, What was best in your 
emigrating epee 

+b. = Migratory. Odés. rare. 

1792 A. Younc Trav. France 289 The mountains .. are 
cowed with good grass, that feeds a million of emigrating 
# jeep. = . . — - * - 

Emigration (emigréi-fen). [ad. L. amigra- 
tion-em, n. of action f. émigra-re to EMIGRATE. 
(Of earlier occurrence than the vb.)] 

1. gen. The action of migrating or departing out 
of a particular place or set of surroundings. In 
early examples often applied to the departure of 
the soul from the body, either Zt. by death, or jig. 
with reference to ecstatic rapture. 

1650 Br. Hatt Balm Gil. (R.), A scorching triall (upon 
the emigration) in flames little inferiour .. to those of hell. 
1656 More Antid, Ath. m. ix. (1712) 171 The Emigration 
of humane Souls from the bodies by Lestasy. 1678 JER. 
Taytor Fun, Serm. 250 Frequent Aspirations and Emi- 
grations of his Soul after God. x75 Phil. Trans. XLIX. 
175 There is an emigration of a great number from hence 
to sea. 1794 G. Apams Nat. § Exp. Philos. IV. li. 414 Suc- 
cessive emigrations [of air-bubbles] towards the upper parts 
of the tube. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. 
(1799) II. Introd. 57 A new confirmation of the vegetable 
harmonies of Nature founded on the emigration of plants. 

+b. transf. Obs. 

1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemp. Exhort. § 12 Jesus had some 
+. acts of emigration beyond the lines of his even and 
ordinary conversation. 

2. esp. The departure of persons from one country, 
usually their native land, to settle permanently in 
another. Also attrzd., as in emigration-agent. 

1677 Hae Prim. Orig. Man. 240(R.) Plethory hath many 
times occasioned emigrations. 1768-71 A. Younc Farmer's 
Lett. to People 198 It highly behoves us to stop immediately 
all further emigrations. 1791 NEwte Jour Eng. & Scot. 
125 Those melancholy emigrations .. from the Islands .. of 
Scotland. 1833 Wane Middle & Working Classes (1835) 
106 The practicability of emigration as a means of relief. 
1867 BuckLe C7v7is, (1873) I11. i. 9 An overflow which in 
civilised times is an emigration, is in barbarous times an 
invasion. 

3. The whole body of persons who emigrate. 

1863 Bricut Sf. Amer. 16 June, Of all the emigration 
from this country .. a mere trifle went south. 

Emigrational (emigréifonal), a. rare. [f. 
prec.+-AL.] Of or pertaining to Em1GRration. 

1885 Lp. Rosxsery in Pad/ Mall G. 26 Mar. 6/2 Twenty- 
five emigrational agencies in London. _ 

Emigrationist (emigrdi‘fonist). [f. as prec. 
+-1sT.] One who advocates emigration. 

Emigrator (e'migrettar). rave. [a. L. *2mi- 
erator, agent-n. f. émigra-re: see EMIGRATE v.] 
= EMIGRANT. 

1837 Lyrron Athens I. 242 In the average equality of the 
emigrators were the seeds of a new constitution. . 

Emigratory (e‘migreitori), a. [f. L. gigrat- 
ppl. stem of émigrdre + -ony: see EMIGRATE v, 
Cf. Migratory.) 

1. Of animals: = MicratTory. rare. 

1839 Proc. Berw. Nat. Clué I. vi. 189 The great body of 
this emigratory species .. moved southwards. 

2. Occupied in emigrating; pertaining to emi- 
gration. 

1854 H. MILLER Footpr. Creat. xii. (1874) 222 Records ofan 
emigratory process, 1865 W. G. Patcrave Aradia I. 288 
A large emigratory detachment. F 

|| Emi-gré. -[Fr.: pa. pple. of émigrer to 
Emicrate.] A Frenchman who has left his country 
for another ; es. one of those Royalists who fled 
at the French Revolution. 

1792 Gispon Misc. Wks. (1814) 1. 363 The Geneva emigrés 
..are hastening to their homes. 18.. T. ARCHER Sword & 
Shuttle i, Our emigrés .. had settled in Spitalfields. 

+ Emi‘ke, v. Ods. rare—. [ad. L. emic-are: 
see EMIcaTE v.] intr. To spring forth, appear. 

1657 Tomuinson Reyou’s Disp. 349 Two lesser nerves 
emike in its leafes, 

Eminence (e‘minéns). [ad. L. gminéntia, f. 
éminént-em EMINENT.] 

I. In physical senses. 

1. +a. Height, altitude, degree of elevation 
(0bs.). b. A lofty or elevated position. 

1658 Evetyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 278 Upon this water. .pour 
sweet butter melted, to the eminence of two fingers, c 1800 
K. Wurte Poet. Wks. (1837) 136 Draw the fix’d stars from 
their eminence. 1822 Imison Sc. § Art I. 222 If a lighted 
candle be set .. on an eminence, 

+2. a. A prominence, protuberance. Chiefly 
in Anat. b. Bot. (See quot. 1688.) Ods. 

1615 CrooKke Body of Man 438 Wherein the eminence .. 
shooting from the vpper part of the forehead is wanting. 
1667 Phil. Trans. 11. 493 The same Author hath discovered 
in it [the Tongue] many little Eminences. 1688 R. Hotme 
Armoury u. 115/t Eminence, or Woolly Eminence, is the 
outward skin or husk that covers round roots, as in Onions, 
Tulipa’s. 2746p. te. Heister’s Surg. 168 There is a certain 
Eminence in this Edge of the Acetabulum. ee 

3. An elevation on the earth’s surface; a rising 
ground, hill, Also fig. 

1670 Cotton Esfernon mm. x1. 7 He caus’d two good 
Forts to be trac’d out..upon two Eminences. 1748 ANSoN 
Voy. 1. v. (ed. 4) 452 There is a battery .. on an eminence. 
1797 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 7 The other, perched on 
an eminence, watches the flight of the prey. 1814 Worpsw. 
Excursion 1x. 53 We .. speak .. of Age As of a final Emi- 
nence. 1833 Sir J. Herscuet Astron i. § 19 (1858) 17 If we 


EMINENCY. 


1844 Lincarp Anglo. 


ascend a high eminence on a plain. 
headed on a small emi 


Sax. CA, (1858) I. i. 5 He was 
without the walls. 

II. In non-material senses. 

4. Distinguished superiority, elevated rank as 
compared with others. (Sometimes with fig. 
notion of 1.) a. in social or official position, 
wealth, or power. 

1603 Suaks. Meas. for M. 1. ii. 168 Whether the Tirranny 
be in his Eminence that fills it vp. 1613 — Hen. V/J/, 1. 
iii. 29 A Womans heart, which euer yet affected Eminence, 
Wealth, Soueraignty. a1652 Brome Queene’s Exchange 
1. i. (1657) 458 Your self A Queen of so great eminence. 
1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1. 6 Satan by merit rais’d to that bad 
eminence. 1767 Left. Funius xxiii. 105 The eminence of 
your station gave you a commanding prospect of your duty. 
1848 Macautay /7ist. Eng. I. 165 No man could hope to 
rise to eminence and command but by their favour. 

b. in reputation, intellectual or moral attain- 
ment, or the possession of any quality, good or 
(sometimes) bad. 

1647 CLARENDON Hist. Reb. I. 1. 36 His Son made a 
notable progress, by an early eminence in Practice and 
Learning. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 157 » 4 A young 
man that gave. .hopes of future eminence. 1800 Med. ¥rnd. 
IV. 406 Several surgeons of eminence. 1844 Emerson NVa- 
ture, Young American Wks. (Bohn) II. 307 No man of 
letters, be his eminence what it may, is received into the 
best society. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. 112 Emi- 
nence in science should be made the one statutable condi- 
tion [for a headship]. 1870 HawtHorne Eng. Note-bks. 
(1879) II, 27 The poorer classes. .excel..in the bad eminence 
of filth, 

+c. Mastery, the ‘upper hand’. Phrase Zo have 
the eminence of: to have the advantage of. Ods. 

1606 Suaxs. 77. & Cy. 1. iil. 266 You should not haue the 
eminence of him. 1613 Heywoop Silver Age ut. i. Wks. 
(1874) 131 Long did we tugge For eminence. 

+d. Sperit of eminence: pride, ambition. Ods. 
rare. 

1597 Dantet Civ. Wares v1. xxxiii, Devotion. .abates the 
spirit of eminence. 

5. Asa title of honour, now borne only by Car- 
dinals, (See quot. 1836.) 

1653 CromweLt to Cal. Mazarin (Carlyle) V. App. No. 
27 It’s surprise to me that your Eminence should take 
notice of a person so inconsiderable as myself. 1717 BERKE- 
Ley Your in Italy Wks. 1871 1V. 514 His eminence .. 
put on his cardinal’s square cap. 1836 Penny Cycl. V1. 
291/t Urban VIII, in 1630, gave to the cardinals the title 
of Eminence, which was shared with them by the grand 
master of the order of Malta, and the ecclesiastical electors 
of the German or Roman empire only. 1884 /!/eekly Reg. 
11 Oct. 451/2 One word, his Eminence said he would add, 
concerning the Rosary. 

+6. Acknowledgement of superiority, homage. 

1605 Suaks, Macé, 111, ii. 31 Present him Eminence, both 
with Eye and Tongue. 

7. An eminent quality, an excellence; a dis- 
tinction, honour. Ods. 

1609 Man in Moone (1849) 16 You assume it an eminence, 
to be rarely arrayed. 1655 Futter CA. Hist. 11. 128 His 
Eminences were Painting and Graving. J/é/d. 1x. 101 
So severall eminences met in this worthy man. 1659 Pear- 
son Creed (1839) 31 There must be therefore some great 
eminence in the object worshipped. 

+ 8. Eminent degree or measure. Obs. 

1651 Hoppes Leviath. 1. x. 41 Naturall Power, is the 
eminence of the Faculties of Body, or Mind. 1710 STEELE 
Tatler No. 206 ® 2 Men of our Acquaintance, who had no 
one Quality in any Eminence. 

b. Gram. (See quot.) 

1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. i. 91 [The superlative formed 
with very] is called. .the superlative of eminence, to distin- 
guish it from the other superlative. 

ec. Phrase, By (way of) eminence: in an eminent 
or especial sense, far excellence. (In early ex- 
amples sometimes in sense 7: by way of distinc- 
tion.) vare in mod. use. 

1621-31 Laup Sev. Serm. (1847) 66 Now Jerusalem is by 
way of singular eminence called here ‘a city compacted 
together’. 1765 BiacksTonEe Com. I. 229 The principal 
council. .is generally called, by way of eminence, the coun- 
cil. 1829 I. Taytor Exthus. ix. 253 This by eminence is 
the bright omen of the times. 1883 F. A. WaLker Pol. 
Econ. 399 One kind of money .. may be called by eminence 
political money. 

9. The highest development, the ‘ flower’. 

1857 H. Reev Lect. Eng. Poets i. 14 The portion of 
literature..which may be regarded as its eminence,—its 
Poetry 

E-minency. Also 7 emminency. [ad. L. 
émineéntia: see prec. and -ENCY.] 

I. In physical senses. 

+1. Height; prominence, elevation above sur- 


rounding objects. Ods. rare. 

1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. u1. vii. 105 The ordinary 
Eminency of the hight of the Earth aboue the Waters. 1657 
Austen Fruit Trees u. 137 Mighty hils and Mountaines 
ineminency. 1663 CHARLETON Chorea Gigant. 48 One .. 
stone exceeding the rest in eminency. | 

+2. concr. A projection or prominence ; a pro- 
tuberance. Obs. 

1668 CuLperPER & Cote Barthol. Anat. m1. ix. 148 To- 
wards the Temples there grows a certain eminency. 1677 
Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 15 You do off the Eminencies 
or Risings. 1718 J. CHAMBERLAYNE Relig. Philos. (1730) I. 
x. § 9 The Muscle. .runs about the Eminency, like a Rope 
ina Pulley: : ; 

+3. An elevation on the earth’s surface ; a rising 
ground, hill. Also an elevated object. Ods. 

16 


EMINENT. 
1662 Gersrer Princ. 10 A Church or Steeple, or some 
other Eminency. 1703 MaAuNnpRELL Yourn. Ferus. (1721) 
68 Mount Calvary..is a 1 Emi ill. 1737 


the rock, 1 
of some s' e 
II. In non-material senses. : 

+4. Distinguished superiority, elevation above 
the common standard in social position, wealth, 
power, reputation, or attainment, or in the pos- 
session of any special quality ;=Em1NENcE 4. Ods. 

1628 EARLE Microcosm. \xi. 166 Men of parts and emi- 
~ C. H. in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 282 III, 302 

“ue .. few of eminency. B SIDNEY. i 
Govt. iii. § 28 (1704) 351 Commoners, who in antiquity a 
eminency are no way inferior to the chief of the titular 
Nobility. 1727 De For Hist. Appar. v. 48 This woman 
was a witch of some eminency. 

+b. Of things, of places, towns, etc. : Import- 
ance. Obs. f 

16e2 MissELpEN Free Traae 6 To finde out a fit remedy is 
of high eminency. 1640 Witxins New Planet vii, (1707) 
217 There are but two places of any eminency, the Circum- 
ference and the Centre. 1651 tr. Don Fenise 296 We arrived 
at the doore of an house of eminency. 1673 Vain Insolency 
Rome 6 The first greatness of Rome was founded in the 
eminency of the City. : 

+6, Asa title of honour, borne esp. by cardinals ; 
= Emmnence 5. Obs. ; 

1655 Mitton Lett. State (1851) 331, I intreat your Emi- 
nency to give him entire Credit. 1 G. H. Hist. Car- 
dinals 1. 1. 72 Their Emi ies were all hed at the 
Election. e>. 

+6. Acknowledgement of superiority, homage, 
deference; = EMINENCE 6. Ods. . 

vai | Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 50 Equity is a due to 
People, as Eminency to Princes. : 

+7. That in which a person (or thing) excels or 
is remarkable ; esp. in good sense, an excellence, 
special talent, honourable distinction. Ods. 

1602 FuLBEcKE Pandectes 62 He hath beene accompted 
ignoble, who hath not beene .. noted for some eminency. 
1607 TorsELL Serpents 595 Therefore it followeth unavoid- 
ably, that the eminency of their [serpents’] temperament is 
cold in the highest degree. a1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 
51 This Adoption is called by the name of a dignity or 
eminency. a1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 298 Reason 
and discretion are the singular eminencies of men. ; 

+ 8. Superiority in degree or measure ; intensive 
magnitude. By (way of) eminency: see EmIn- 
ENCE 8c. Obs. 

1608 S. Hirron Defence III. 159 Some eminency of great- 
nes, power, or goodnes. 1622-62 Hey.in Cosmogr. 111. (1682) 
51 Not only for distinctions sake, but in way of eminency. 
1643 BurroucHes Exp, Hosea ix. (1652) 307 The Sabbath 
is called an everlasting Covenant by way of eminency. 
r6s1 Abel Rediv. Luther (1867) 1. 38 The eminency of 
his good parts did more and more show themselves. 1703 
MAUNDRELL Yourn, Ferus. (1721) 24 The People of the 
Country call it..the Plain. .by way o Eminency. 

9. Prominence, or relative importance, in mental 
view. 

1841-4 Emerson Ess. Art Wks. (Bohn) I. 147 This 
rhetoric, or power to fix the momentary eminency of an 
object. 1873 M. Arnotp Lit. § Dogma 367 ristian 
Churches do recommend the. .secret of Jesus, though not.. 
in the right eminency. 

"10. Confused with Ininency. Cf. Em- 
NENT 6. 

1680 Life Edw, [1 in Select. fr. Hari. Mise. (1793) 37 The 
Spencers..saw the eminency of their own dangers. 

Eminent (e‘minént), a. [f. L. éminént-em, 
pr. pple. of éminé-re to project. ] 

I. In physical (and obvious metaphorical) 
senses. 

1. High, towering above surrounding objects. 
Also fig. Now foet. or arch, 

1588 ALLEN Admon. 22 Nero..deuised an eminent pillar. 
1611 Biste Ezek. xvii. 22 Upon an high mountain and emi- 
nent. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 587 He above the rest In shape 
and gesture proudly eminent Stood like a Towr. 1674 Bre- 
vint Saulat Endor 7° Images. .seated on the Eminentest 
Places of the Church. 17788 Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1446 
The eminent is the S. E. point. 18:4 SourHey 
Roderick xiv, Upon a stately war-horse eminent, 

Jig., 1830 Tennyson Love § Death, In the light of - 
eternity Life eminent creates the shade of death. 1851 Mrs. 
Browninc Casa Guidi Windows 87 The patriot’s oath .. 
stands Among the oaths of perjurers, eminent. 

b. In weaker sense: Projecting, prominent, 


Anson Voy. 1. 2 (od. 4) 64, On:tee Sore 
-out towers. 


etage Also 0 Sis. 
1541 R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. A party of 
the orbytall, or emynent pomall. 1607 Torset, Four/. 
Beasts (1673) 155 Females [elephants] carry .. their Calves 
upon their snowts and long eminent teeth. 1644 Buwer 
Chiron. 67 The. . Fingers. .pr d in an emi P 
1744 Axensipe Pleas. Imag. wt, 407 The fairer ], 
eminent in light, advance. Carty te Past § Pr. (1858) 
124 A very eminent nose. 
ig. 1870 LoweLt Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 289 Some 
eminent verse lifts its long ridge above its tamer peers. 
II. In non-material senses, (Formerly often 
with some notion of 1.) 
2. Of persons: a. Exalted, dignified in rank or 
station, 
Suaxs. Meas. mM. 
And by an eminent y. 
We may not lawfully be 
Place. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 
too eminent a magistrate to 


1v. iv. 25 A deflowred maid, 
1691 Hartciirre Virtues 141 
. with those in eminent 


II. liv. 175 The king was 


122 
4 Wks. IL. 
Re _ 1786 Burke mo Ww. Destin I orn 149 
b. Distinguished in character or 


EMISSARY. 
Recline. iv. (1872) 118 A painter's eye .. he .. eminently 


God is said to possess the ex- 


x61r Biste Job xxii. 8 The (marg. emi- | £9 en te eet 
— inently ( inenter), i.e. ina sense. In wider » 
Birt ise gong rose | "ey Fcaoupls ate 3 ty iol ad 
i n n z R ’s Coat (1867) ut, virti 

the Captaines, eae anes & ecutioners of their | eminently. .all his bones were broken, that is, contrited and 
Princes. 1728 Newton Chr F i. ent | grinded with grief and sorrow. a 1665 J. Goopwin Filled w, 
M SIV. ny Anon flourished in Greece. 1805 “— the Spirit (1867) 211 The apostle. .may be said eminently, 
tne opinion. 3837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amery III. 5 to have declared him [the Holy Ghost] 


+38. Of things or places 
portant ; especially valuable. Ods. 

16rz2 T. Tavtor Comm. Titus i. 15 Their cheife and 
eminent inward parts are defiled. 1650 Futter Pisgah u, 
vy. 128 An eminent country in Idumea, 1676 ALLEN Addr. 
Nonconf. 176 Prayer .. is an eminent part of Gods worship. 
1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 130 If your Shop stands in 
an eminent Street. 1683 Satmon Doron Med. un. 644 It gives 
present ease, and is eminent againstall..pains. 1748 Hart- 
LEY Observ. Mant. ii. 218 These Muscles. .drawing the Eye 
out on eminent Ocasions. - 

4. Of qualities: Remarkable in degree; + con- 
spicuously displayed. Of actions, facts, pheno- 
mena: Signal, noteworthy (now chiefly in good 
sense). 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 90 The cok confesseth emynent 
cupide. 1454 in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 38 I. 120 The emynent 
myscheve and ffynall destruccionne of the said Counte. 


1594 Hooker £ccé. Pol. 1. xi. (1611) 34 After an eminent | 


sort. _— Staniey Hist. Philos. (1701) 5/2 There is an 
eminent place in Eusebius to prove this. — G. STARKEY 
Sees Vind. 267 An eminent fright will take away.. 

es. 
His valor ..is.. eminent in his killing of the Bear and 
Lion. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 159 A_peculiar sort of 
voice .. is .. eminent in Quails, a1704 T. Brown Praise 
Drunkenn. Poems (1730) 1. 31 The god of wine .. whose 
eminent perfection Drunkenness I intend to make the sub- 
ject of. discourse. 
banks .. do their most eminent Operations in Sight of the 
People. 1826 Disragut Viv. Grey ut. i. 89 His success was 
eminent. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit, Const. App. 453 The re- 
putation justly acquired by his eminent services. 1869 GLap- 
STONE Juv. Mundi ii. 65 Their opponents .. were .. not 
Achaian in the same eminent sense. 

b. Crystallography. (See quot.) 

1831 Brewster Offics xxiii. 204 The plane of most emi- 
nent cleavage. 1860 TynpaLt G/ac. 1. § 1. 3 One cleavage 
is much more perfect, or more eminent as it is sometimes 
called, than the rest. 

5. Law. Right of eminent domain: see quots. 

1738 Hist. Crt. Excheg. vi. 111 The King who the emi- 
nent Dominion, 1853 WHarton Pa. Digest 673 § 3 The right 
of eminent domain, or inherent sovereign power gives the 
Legislature the control of private property for public use. 
1880 Brown Law Dict. s.v., Eminent 
ship or dominium (domain) of an independent sovereign 
over the territories of his sovereignty, by virtue of which 
no other sovereign can exercise any jurisdiction therein. 


1677 Fe.tuam Resolves 1. xlv. Wks. (ed. 10) 72 | 


1709 STEELE Tatler No. 34 ?1 Mounte- | 


is Eminently and Potentiall ‘h not Formally hot. 
mine Bpnin the schools sedi om 
to formally. .to denote a possesses, 
we cuBlain aie aaa dato ee pocteat Gr Wake mamenr 
is required to a formal possesion thereof. 1845 J. H. 


, CON+ 


A. ..uni ity of sci 
taining all sciences ether *frmally’ or ‘eminently’. ; 
+b. Math. One equation is said to contain 

another eminently, when the latter is a particular 
case 4 the former. Ods. 1798 [see EmmnenTiat]. 

§] + 5. Of peril, danger: Imminently, urgently. 

1646 H. lament Comm. Angelis Ep. Ded. 1b, This 
warre .. to which my lei: more eminently exposed 
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. 1. 114 Their ruine.. I 
most eminently. .at hand. 

+ E-minentness. 0Od;.-° [f. Emmvent a. + 
-NESS.] The state of being eminent. 

1731-1800 in Bartey. 

+#-minously, adv. Obs. rare—". [f.L. émin- 
usatadistance + -oUS + -L¥¥.] Remotely, distantly. 

1657 TOMLINSON Renon's Dish, 33 Which [thistle down] 


me. 
see 


ly rep ar Z 3 

Emir (emis, 7maz). Forms: 7 emer, amir, 7-9 
emeer, 7—-emir. [a. Arab. 2 amir, commander. 
See AMEER, ADMIRAL.] 

1. A Saracen or Arab prince, or governor of a 
province ; a military commander. 

1632 Litncow 7rav. (1682) pt. v. 195 An Emeer, or he- 
reditary Prince. 1632 — 7otad/ Discourse 373 Having an 


Emeere of their owne, being subiect to none, but to his owne 
passions, 1686 Lond. Gas. No.2177/1 An Emir or Princeof the 


| Arabs. .has taken the Field with some Troops. 178 Gispon 


omain is the owner- | 


1886 Pall Mail G. 14 July 5/1 The State exercising its right | 


of eminent domain. 

“| 6. Confused with Imminent (so freq. eminens 
in med.L. for zmminens). Obs. 

1600 Haktuyt Voy. (1810) III, 377 The eminent dangers 
which euery houre we saw before our Eyes. 1612 Woopatt 
Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 156 Let. ..your Patient be. .informed 
of the eminent danger of death. 1616 Brent tr. Sarfi's 
Hist. Council of Trent (1676) 269 The actual and eminent 
departure of many Fathers. 1722 De For Plague (1884) 
94 The eminent Danger I had been in. 


en’ a. Math. Obs. rare. [f. Ew- 
NENT @. + -IAL.] (See uot. 1796.) 
1736 in Baitey. 1751 in CHAMBERS. 1775 in AsH. 1 


Hutton Math, Dict., Eminential equation, aterm used by 
some algebraists, in the investigation of the areas of curvi- 
lineal figures, for a kind of d equation that i 
another equation eminently, the latter being a icular 
case of the former, 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Bicts. 

Hence + Eminevntially, Ods. rare; = Emi- 
NENTLY 4. 

1656 tr. 7h. White's Peripatetical Institutions 328 This 
action, therefore, actuates the Creature with a certain indi- 
visibility that eminentially contains divisibility. 

Eminently (e'minéntli), adv. [f. Evonenr a. 
+-LY2.] In an eminent manner. 


+1. On high ; in a lofty or elevated position. 

1620 Venner Via Recta Introd. 5 Those houses .. are 
somewhat eminently situated, 1675 Oci_py Brit. 10 A 
Bush. .eminently situate. 

+2. Conspicuously, so as to attract the eye. Ods. 

1610 Guiutim Heraldry m. xii. a 157 Their com- 
mander being so eminently clad. 1667 E. Cessmamaven 
St. Gt. Brit. 1. m1, viii. (1743) 191 In the middle of the 
Church is he or she grave nage, Doge in the sight of all the 
poe. 1677 Hae Prim. . Man. 1. iii, 89 The great 

ocks in the Sea are..eminently visible to this day. 1774 
Jounson in Boswel/ (1831) 111. 147 The moon shone emin- 
ently bright. 


3. In an eminent or especial degree; signally, 


mee eg 
3p. J. Hatt Serm. in Rem. Whs. (1660) 11. 59 That 
all Nations wu an universall cessation of 
a Ae yy Peg 
eminently. 1 . Tomuinson Prot. 4 othing 
.. more Eminently distingui Man from the Brute Crea- 
tion. 1817 W. Boswext in Pari, Ded, 805 Gentlemen who 
had eminently served their country. 1833 Hr, Martineau 
Three Ages iti. 105 No virtue more eminently fail 
of its earthly recompense than in the church, 1851 CarLyLe 


Decl. & F. 111. lxiv. 616 The humble title of emir was no 
longer suitable to the Ottoman ess. 1852 Miss 
Yonce Cameos (1877) I. xxiv. 18 in..sent an emir to 
the camp with presents. 1848 Lan rab, Nts. 1, 87 The 
Emeers and Wezeers. 

2. A title of honour borne by the descendants 
of Mohammed. 

1625 Purcuas Pilgrimes 1. 1295 Mahomet'’s .. kinsmen 
in greene Shashes, who are called Emers. 1688 Lond, 
Gaz, No, 2322/3, 56 Emirs.. with green Shashes. 1708 
Kersey Emir (among the Turks) a Lord, especially any 
one descended from the false prophet Mahomet. 1800 
in Baitey. 1813 Byron Giaour xii, The foremost of the 
band is seen An Emir by his garb of green. 

Emirate (‘mie'rt). [f. Emre + -aTe.] The 
jurisdiction or government of an emir. 

1863 J.C. Morison St. Bernard ww. i. 406 The Emirate of 
Mossul should be in the hands of a man of coacey. es 
American V1. 374 adherence gave Abd-ur- - 
Khan the emirate. 

+ Emi'ss, a. Obs. rare—'. In 7 emisse, [ad. 
L. émiss-us, pa. pple. of Zmittére to send forth, 
Emrt.] Enmitted. 

1647 H. More Song of Soud i. m1. xxx, Rayes emisse 
From centrall Night. 

(emisari), sd. and a, [ad. L. 
émissari-us adj., that is sent, also adso/. an emis- 
sary, spy, f. 2mdss- ppl. stem of émittére to send 
out (see Emr) + -drzus, -ary1.] 

A. sb. A person sent on a mission to gain in- 
formation, or to gain adherents to, or te the 


interests of a cause. (Almost exclusively in bad 
sense, implying ing odious in the object 
of the mission, or something underhand in its 


manner.) Also fig. 

In B, Jonson’s Si of News (see quot. 1625) the word is 

ae ee ele tir of aca ceases nplopsd Uy 
y as ti the agents em 
= ‘ office for the collection of news. 

1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. 1. ii. (1631)9 What are Emis- 
saries ? Men imploy’d outward, that are sent abroad To fetch 
in the commodity [news]. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 
465 The Bishops purseivants, and others their emissaries. 
¢ 16§0 Dennam Progr. Learn. 126 Lucifer’s .. faithful 
emissary, rose from 1 To possess Peter’s chair. 
GLanviLt Scefs. Sci. iv. §3 The meatus, or passages, 
which those subtill emissaries [the ‘ Spirits’] are e 

aren, 90 Seed saree 
LY prit isa a 
Pain. .is..an emis- 


streets. 1876 
viewed the Douay priests simply as 
the Pa ; 


" Pieces 8 (R.) Nor forth your 
Ow e 

B. ag). That is sent forth. 

+1. a. Emitted as an emanation. b, Sent forth 


EMISSARY. 


on a mission (cf. A). e¢. In transl. L. emissarius 
caper, Levit. xvi. 8. =Scaps-coat. Obs. rare. 

1659 H. More /mmort. Soul (1662) 121 Emissary atoms. 
1688 — Para. Proph. 399 Emissary Agents from the Ro- 
man See. 1688 — An [illustration 311 The Rivers must 
be Emi Powers of the said Powion. 1833 Rock 
Hierurg. (1851) 55 The High-Priest .. offered the emissary 


goat. z 

2. Phys. Of small vessels; Sent forth, branching 
out from a main trunk. 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 741 The veins. .communi- 
cate..by a multitude of emissary twigs. 

Emissary (e'misari), 50.2. [ad. L. émssdrium 
an outlet, f. Zmziss- (see prec.) + -dvium : see -ARY1.] 
An outlet, channel, duct: chiefly of a lake or 
reservoir. Also fig. Obs. exc. in Rom. Antig. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny II. 530 Without any emissaries, tun- 
nels, or holes. 1727 Swirt 70 a very young Lady Wks. 1755 
II. 1. 44 To be the common emissary of scandal. 1786 PAz/. 
Trans. LX XVI. 368 The famous Emissary of the Emperor 
Claudius remains nearly entire. 1859 Lp. BrouGuton /taly 
II. xvii. 121 The rr emissaries of the Alban lake. 

+b. Phys. canal by which any fluid passes 
out. Ods. 

1657 TomLinson Renou’s hg & 166 *The emissaryes of the 
late from the brain. 1732 ArsuTHNoT Rules of Diet 355 
¢ Obstruction of the Emissaries of the Saliva. 

Wmissaryship. vare—', [f. Emissary sd.! 
+ t The position or office of an emissary. 

1625 B. Jonson Staple of N.1. i, Give your worshi joys 
Of your new place, your emissaryship In the News-office ! 

Emissile (‘misil), a. [f. L. émzss- ppl. stem 
of émittére to send forth: see -ILE, and cf. mzssi/e.] 
That is capable of being thrust out or protruded. 

1732 in Bamey. 1775in AsH. 1848 J. WiLKinson Szwe- 
denborg’s Anim. Kingd.\. i. 28 The emissile and retractile 
cornua..in snails. 1856-8 W. Crarx Van der Hoeven's 
Zool. 1. 191 Tubule of mouth emissile. 

Emission (‘mi‘fon). [ad. L. émzssion-em, n. 
of action f. @mzttére to Emit.] The action of the 
vb. Emir. 

+1. The action ofsending forth. Ods. in gen. sense. 

1607 TorseLL Four Beasts (1673) 181 Emission or send- 
ing away. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.(L.), Populosity 
.-requireth..emission of colonies. 1657 Hosses Absurd 
Geom. Wks. 1845 VII. 398 The authority..of the Apostles 
in the emission of preachers to the infidels. 1827 G. S. Faber 
Origin of ape toned Sacrifice 197, note, Noah seems to 
Sate twice selected that holyday for the emission of the 

ove. 

+2. The issuing, publication (of a book, a notice). 

1751 Jounson Ramdl. No. cg P x11 The tardy emission 
of Pope’s compositions. 17 oHnson Life Pope Wks. 
IV. 40 The emission. .of the Proposals for the Iliad. 

8. The issuing or setting in circulation (bills, 
notes, shares, etc.). Also concr. 

1973 Gentil. Mag. XLIII. 295 All the emissions of their 
per-currency..are forged. 1790 Burke /r. Rev. Wks. 

a 415 Proposing the emission of assignats. 1865 H. Pxitiirs 
Poi Paper Curr. 11, 36 A subsequent emission of bills of 
credit. 

4. The action of giving off or sending out (chiefly 
what is subtle or imponderable, light, heat, gases, 
odours, sounds, etc.). * Formerly also the sending 
forth (of the soul) in death; the allowing ‘the 
animal spirits’ to escape; and fig. the ‘ pouring 
out’, ‘ breathing forth’ (of affection, etc.). 

1619 Donne Biathan. (1644) 190 This actuall emission of 
his soule, which is death. @ 1626 Bacon (L.), Tickling 
causeth laughter: the cause may be the emission of the 

irits. 1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dubit.1. iv. Wks. IX. 161 
The voice was .. effective .. in the direct emission. 1693 
Soutu Serm. (L.), Affection flamed up in collateral emis- 
sions of charity to its neighbour. 175r Jonson Ramo. 
No. 146 P9 Growing fainter .. at a greater distance from 
the first emission. 1833 Sir J. Herscnet Astron, x. 311 
The tail of the. .comet. occupied only two days in its emis- 
sion from the comet’s body. 1853 — Po. Lect. Sc. i. § 35. 
(1873) 26 Puffs of smoke, at every moment of their emission 
from the crater. 1859 G. Witson Gateways Knowl, (ed. 3) 

7 The emission of fragrance. 1871 Brackie Four Phases 
i. 71 The emission of sparks of light. Pak 

b. Optics. Theory of emission, Emission theory: 
the theory that light consists in the emission of 
streams of imponderable material particles from 
luminous bodies. 

183 Brewster Oftics xv. § 94.134 The Newtonian 
theory of light, or the theory of emission. 1880 Bastian 
Brain 62 An emission theory..will not hold for the diffu- 
sion of light. watts ; : 

5. concr. That which is emitted ; an emanation, 
effluvium. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. iii. 155 The Magnetical Emis- 
sions..are..Corporeal Atoms. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. 
(1729) 218 Warm and benign Emissions of the Sun. 1871 
Tynpa.t Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) I. ii. 43 We obtain the value of 
the purely luminous emission. 

6. Phys. = L. emissio seminis. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 371 There is no generation 
without a joynt emission. 1665 GLanvitt Sceps. Sci. The 
other 48 of.,Emissions. 1885 Law Reports Appeal 

.17 

+ Emissi'tious, cz. Os. rare—'. [f. L. emis- 
sict-us sent out, f. Zmiss- ppl. stem of émittére + 
-ous : see Emrr.] 

1. fig. Prying, inquisitive, narrowly examining. 

(1620 Br. Hatt Hon. Mar, Clergy u. viii, Cast backe 
those emissitious eyes. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 


123 


2. Cast out. 1731-36 in Baiey. 1775 in Asx. 

Emissive (‘mi'siv), a. [f. L. ézzss- ppl. stem 
of émitté-re to send forth, Emir + -IvVE.] 

1. Having power to emit; radiating. 

1870 T. L. Puirson tr. Guillemin’s Sun 236 A homogene- 
ous gaseous mass..having a radiating or emissive power. 
188 Pror. Stoxes in Nature No. 625. 596 The. .body of the 
sun ..is comparatively feebly emissive of light. 

b. Emissive theory: = Emission theory. 

1837 WueweLt Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 63 The emis- 
sive, and the undulatory theory of light. 1842 W. Grove 
Corr. Phys. Forces 64 The emissive or corpuscular theory. 

+2. That is emitted; that is sent or flows forth. 

Obs. rare. 

16.. R. Lovepay Letters (1663) 201 Thus their emissive 
yenome. . will fatally recoyl upon themselves. 1746-7 Her- 
vey Medit. (1818) 126 Freely..she distributes the bounty of 
her emissive sweets. 1737 H. Brooke 7 asso 1.(R.), Soon a 
beam, emissive from above, Shed mental day. 

Emissory (‘misori). [fas prec. + -ory.] = 
Emissary 50.2 

1858 G. P. Scrore Geol. §& Extinct Volcanoes of Central 
France (ed. 2) 59 The emissory thus forcibly created. 

Emit (mit), v. [ad. L. émztté-re to send forth, 
f. 2 out + mittére to send.] 

trans. To send forth: in certain special senses. 
(Not used with personal obj.) 

1. To send forth as a stream or emanation. 

a. To send forth, discharge (as a liquid or plas- 
tic substance) ; to exude (juices, etc.). 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. xiii. 137 [The liquid se- 
creted by toads] is emitted aversely or backward. 1712 Porr 
Sect. No. 408 P 3 So pure a Fountain emits no .. troubled 
Waters. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 249 A tree 
which emits sap copiously from a wound. 1835-6 Topp Cyc/. 
Anat. 1. 209/1 The threads by which the spiders suspend 
themselves. .are emitted from the extremity of the abdomen. 
1879 Sir J. Lussock Sez. Lect. iii. 71 The aphis emits a drop 
of sweet fluid. 

b. To give off, throw out (‘ effluvia’, light, heat, 
gases, flames, sparks, etc.). 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 259 Both of them..do not appear to 
emit any Corporal substance. 1692 Benttey Boyle Lect. 
227 By effluvia and spirits that are emitted. 1756-7 tr. 
Keysler's Trav. 1V. 452 The water. .emits an ill smell. 1794 

. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 206 Those bodies may be 

eated so astoemit light. 1848 Mrs. JAMEson Sacy. & Leg. 
Art (1850) 64 The earth emits flames. 1869 E. A. Parkes 
Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 89 An adult man. .emits. .carbonic 
acid gas by the skin. 

Jig. 1805 Foster Ess. 1. ii. 27 Emitting sentiment at every 
pore. 

“| intr. 

1886 Daily News 16 Sept. 7/2 Summoned .. for .. permit- 
ting. .smells to emit from his stable. 

ec. transf. 

1754 Hume Hist. Eng. I. iii. 67 That multitude of nations 
which she had successively emitted. 

+2. To throw out as an offshoot. Ods. 

1660 SHARRock Vegetatles 117 More fresh sprouts. .are 
emitted. 1676 WoR.IDGE Cyder (1691) 57 Before its wound 
be healed, and new fibres emitted. 1756 P. Browne Yammaica 
105 This plant. .emits a few. .stalks. 

3. To give forth (sound). 

1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. II. xxxii. 339 They emit a 
grating noise. 1860 TyNDALL G/ac. 11. § 1. 224 A bell struck 
in a vacuum emits no sound. 1876 Smites Sc. Natur. 
= (ed. 4) 107 It did not emit any cry, such as the hare 

oes, 

4. To utter, give expression to (a statement, 
opinions, etc.). 

1753 Stewart's Trial App. 4 All these declarations were 
emitted by the..persons..mentioned. 1805 Foster Ess. 111. 
i.5 Emit plenty of antipathy in a few syllables. 1818 Mitt 
Brit. India 11. 1. vii. 261 Complaints were. .emitted of the 
scarcity of money. 183r CarLyLe Sart. Res. (1858) 179 
How could a man..emit [thoughts] in a shape bordering so 
closely onthe absurd? 

+5. To issue, publish (books, documents, no- 
tices). Obs. 

1637-50 Row Hist, Kirk (1842) 361 Papers and books 
emitted for cleareing the wickednes of the Prelatt’s apos- 
tasie, 1723 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 6 The public papers 
emitted that and next year. 1726 Aytirre Parerg. 180 A 
Citation..ought to be..emitted by the putes Authority. 
1779 Jounson Life Pope Wks. IV. 23 Pope having now 
emitted his proposals. 1847 Sir W. Hamitton Letter 37 
But this declaration, now emitted, is contradicted by that 
very declaration, emitted in February. 

6. To issue formally and by authority (edicts, 
proclamations ; also, and now chiefly, paper cur- 
tency, bills, etc.). 

1649 Br. Guturte Mevz. (1702) 103 A Declaration Emitted 
by the English Parliament. 1672 CLarEenpon ss. in Tracts 
(2727) 265 Lewis. .cond d that ication and 
the pope that emitted it. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) 
V. xxi, 279 The edicts emitted..still wanted much of the 
authority of laws. 1791 T. Jerrerson Writ. (7859) III. 268 
A dollar of silver disappears for every dollar of paper 
emitted. 1863 Dicey Federal St, I. 124 No State shall .. 
emit bills of credit. 

+7. To send forth, let fly, discharge (a missile), 

1704 Swirt Batt. Bks, (1711) 263 Having emitted his 
Launce against so great a Leader. c¢ 1720 Prior 2nd 
Hymn of Callimachus to Apollo Poems 244 Lest..the far- 
shooting God emit His fatal arrows. 

Obs. 


+ Emitri‘chie, emy'trycke. rare. 
[ad. med.L. (A)émitricius (morbus), (h)emitricia 
(febris), corruptly ad. Gr. jyitperatos semi-tertian 
(fever).] A kind of fever. 


EMMET. 


1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ww. viii. (1495) 92 Feuers 
that hiz3t Emitrichie. [/ééd. vu. vii. 227 Some sykenes 
whyche is callyd Emitricius.] 1547 Boorpe Brev, Health 
exliv. 53 In Englyshe it is named the Emytrycke fever. 

Emitted (imi'téd), 49/7. a. [f. Emir v.+-zp1.] 
That is given off, thrown off. 

az71r Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 258 Guilding 
each Motion by emitted Rays. 1837 WHeEwett Hist. Jn- 
duct, Sc. (L.), An emitted fluid. 

+Emittent, ac. Olds. [ad. L. 2mittent-em, pr. 
pple. of émitté-re to send forth.] That emits. 

1665-6 Phil. Trans. I. 357 The bloud of the Emittent 


Animal, may mix..with that of the Recipient. 1692 Ray 
Dissol. World iv. (1732) 54 The emittent Body. 
Emitter (‘mi'te1). [f. Emir v. + -Er.] That 


which emits. Const. of 

1883 TynpaLL Radiation in Contemp. Rev., Grasses were 
powerful emitters of heat. 

Emitting Serie vol. sb. [f. Emir v. + 
-InG1.] The action of the vb. Emir. 

1693 Sir T. BLounr Wat. ist. 298 An alternate and suc- 
cessive retracting and emitting of the Sting. 4 

Emitting, ///.a. [see-1Nc?.] That emits. 

1667 Dr. E. Kina in Phil. Trans. 11. 450, I did often 
strike with my finger the upper part of the emitting Vein. 

Emmantle, var. of IMMANTLE. 

Emmarble (emisb'l), v. Also enmarble. 
[f Ex-+Marsre 56.) ¢vans. To convert into 
marble, Jig.; to sculpture in marble; to adorn or 
inlay with marble. Hence Emmarbled £//. a. 

1596 SPENSER Hymn to Love 140 Wks. (1862) 487 Thou 
doest emmarble the proud hart ofher. 1850 Mrs. BRowNING 
Crowned & Buried Poems II. 223 Pictured or emmarbled 
dreams. 1864 Blackfriars 1. 59 The richly enmarbled altar. 

Emmarvel (ema‘ivél). Also enmarvel, em-, 
enmarvaile. [f. EN- + MARVEL sé. or v.] trans. To 
fill with wonder. Hence Emmarvelled £#/. a. 

1740 Gray Let. in Mason Aemorrs (1807) I. 257 We are 
all enraptured and enmarvailed. 1829 A. i. Haram Re- 
mains 22 On that child’s emmarvailed view. 1834 Lp. 
Houcuton Dream of Sappho, They heard emmarvelled. 

Emme, obs. form of AM: see BE v. 

Emme, var. of Em, Oés., uncle. 

+E*mmele. Jus. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Gr. 
éupedns, f. év in+ wéAos melody. (Boethius divides 
musical progressions into éupedeis, those which can 
form part of a melody, and éxpedets those which 
cannot.)] A term applied in the old Theory of 
Harmony to the imperfect concords. 

Bd Dovutanp Ornith. Microl. 79 Emmeles are..those 
which sound thirds, sixts, or other imperfect Concords. 


Emmenagogic (eminagg‘dzik), a. Med. 
Also 7 emenagogic. [f. EMMENAGOG-UE +-IC.] 
Having the property of, or related to, an em- 
menagogue. 

1678 Satmon Lond. Disp. 45/2 Ground Pine..is..Diure- 
tick, and Emenagogick. 1757 Phil. Trans. L. 79 Emme- 
nagogic pills. 

+b. adsol. quasi-sb, = EMMENAGOGUE 5b. Obs. 

1742-1800 in BAILEY. 

Hence Emme:nago’gical a. 

1805 Edin. Rev. VII. 109 Sage is..emmenagogical. 

Emmenagogology (emi:nagoge'lodzi). Jed. 
[f. EmmEnaGoG-UE + -(0)LoGy.] ‘A treatise on 
emmenagogues’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Emmenagogue (em7‘naggg), a. and sd. Med. 
Also 8 emenagogue. [f. Gr. €upnva the menses 
of women + dyoyés drawing forth.] 

+A. adj, Having power to excite the menstrual 
discharge ; =EMMENAGOGIC. Obs. 

1702 Sir J. Foyer in Phil, Trans. XXIII. 1168 All.. 
are..Emmenagogue. 1830 LinpLey Nat. Syst. Bot. 135 


Common Rue, and another species, are..emmenagogue. 
1860 in Mayne Exp. Lex. | 
sb, Agents which increase or renew the 

menstrual discharge. 

1731-1800 in Baitey. 1732 ArsuTHNoT Rules of Diet 
273 Emenagogues are such t “Pp as produce a Plethora or 
Fulness of the vessels. 1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 533 
Emmenagogues are medicines..employed to promote the 
menstrual flux. 


Emmene: see Emony, da/., anemone. 

Emmenological (emi:nolg'dzikal), a. Led. 
[f. EMMENoLOGY + -10+-AL.] ‘Relating to men- 
struation’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1881). 

Emmenolo (eming'lédzi). Med. [f. Gr. 
éupnvo- stem of éxunva the menses+-Locy.] A 
treatise on, or the doctrine of, menstruation. 

1742 (title) Le Tellier’s Critical Reflections upon the Em- 


menology of Dr. Friend. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. 
Dicts, 


Emmesh, variant of ENMESH z. 

Emmet (emét). Forms: 1 &mete, -mette, 
-mytte, 6mete, 3-4 emete, (5 ematte), 4-6 
emet, (emot(e, 4 Sc. a nemot, z.¢. an emot), 6 
emmette, (emmont), 6-7 emmot(t(e, (9 Sc. em- 
mock), 6- emmet. (For forms with initial a, 
see ANT.) [repr. OE. &mete wk. fem. (see ANT). 
The OE. @ in stressed initial syllables frequently 
underwent shortening in ME., and was in that case 
variously represented according to dialects by é 
or & Hence the two forms dmete and émete; the 
former of which became contracted into amt, ANT, 

16-2 


EMMETRIS. 


while the latter retained its middle vowel and sur- 
vives as emmet.] 

1. A synonym of Ant. Chiefly dial, but often 
used poet. or arch. Horse-emmet, the Wood 
Ant (Formica rufa). 

¢ 850 Kentish Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 85 Formica, emetan. 
¢ 1300 Beket 2141 Faste hi schove and crope ek as emeten. 
61375 Sc. Leg. Saints, St. Facobus 137 Nocht anemot. ¢1450 

‘etr. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 625 Formica, ematte. 1509 Bar- 
cLaySh; of Felpo\xsr0) 138 Learne man of the simple Em- 
met. 1BLE (Douay) Prov. vi.6 Goe to the emmote 6 slug- 
gard. W. BrouGn Sacr. Princ. 215 Allcreatures, 
the emmet to the angel. 1713 Guardian (1756) I1. No. 153. 
2 e is an emmet of quality. 1» Jounson Life Poe 
Wis, IV. Looking on mankind..as on emmets a 
hillock. Pd BincLey Anim, Biog. (1813) I]. 293 The 
horse-emmet, or great hill-ant. 1855 Sincieton Virgz/ 1. 8x 
Emmet, apprehending helpless el 

2. attrib., as emmet-swarm. Also emmet-batch, 
-but, -cast (dia/.) =ANT-HILL ; emmet-hunter 
(dial.), the Wryneck ( Yunx torquilla). 

184’ HAavuiwett *Emmet-batch, an ant-hill, Somerset. 
1697 Damier in Phil. Trans. XX. 49 “Emett Butts. 
Mod. Kent. Dial. The field is so full of *emmet-casts. 1837 
Maccitiivray Hist. Brit. Birds U1. 100 Wryneck, [Pro- 
vincial name], *Emmet-hunter. 1 Academy 10 Oct. 
235 The *emmet-swarm of popular scribblers. 

+E-mmetris. Obs. rare—1. A green-coloured 
gem, prob. a kind of emerald. 

162x Burton Anat. Mel. u. iv. 1. iv. (1651) 371 Which 
properties. .Cardan gives to that green coloured Emmetris. 

mmetrope (emétrap). Phys. [f. Gr. gu 
perp-os + wm-: see next.] One whose sight is 
emmetropic. 

1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 345 Emmetropes complain of 
fatigue only in using the eye a near objects. 

ll Emmetropia (emétrou pia). Phys. [mod.L. 
(invented by F. C. Donders of Utrecht), f. Gr. ép- 
petp-os in measure + @- stem of dy the eye + -1A.] 
‘The normal or healthy condition of the refractive 
media of the eye, in which parallel rays are brought 
to a focus upon the retina when the eye is at rest 
and in a passive condition’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1864 Moore tr. Donders’ Accomod. & Refr. Eye 81._ 1878 
T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 299 The former condition is 
known as emmetropia. 


Emmetropic (emétrp'pik), a. Phys. [f. as prec. 
+-I0.] Characterized by emmetropia. 

1878 Foster Phys. i. ii. 402 The normal eye, the so- 
called emmetropic eye. 1879 PrizstLey Smitu Glaucoma 
13 The refraction in each eye was. .emmetropic. 


Emmetropy (eme'trdpi). Phys. Anglicized 
form of EMMETROPIA. 

1880 Le Conte Sight 46 This normal condition is called 
emmetropy. 

Emmew, var. of ImMEw, to put in a MEw, to 
enclose. 

+Emmoi'sed, ///c. Obs. rare. In 5 enmoysed. 
[var. of amesed, from AMESE v.] Comforted. 

c 1400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 275/2 Desire. .some speaking to 
have, or els at the least to be enmoysed with sight. 16ga in 
Cotes. 1721-1800 in BAILEY. 1775 in AsuH. 

Emmonite (e'mgnoit). JZ. Also emmon- 
site. [f. name of Ebenezer Emmons (1799-1863) 
an American geologist.] A variety of strontianite, 
so named by Thomson in 1836. 


1837 Dana Min. 200 Another variety..he has named 
Emmonite. 


Emmove, var. of ENMOVE v., Ods. 

Emmunity, obs. var. of Lmuniry. 

Emne, obs. var. of EVEN a. 

Emni, obs. var. of EVEN v. 

Emodin (e'médin). Chem. [f. mod.L. (Rheum) 
Emodi, an obs. name for Turkey rhubarb (from 
Gr. ’Hpwids the Himalaya) + -1N.] A constituent 
of rhubarb root, obtained by treating chrysophanic 
acid with benzol. Its formula is Cy Hyp Oy; 
(Watts Dict. Chem.). 


1858 De tA Rue & Mutter in Q. F¥rnl. Chem. Soc. X. 
This substance for which. .we propose the name of Emodine 
is of a bright deep orange colour. 


+ Emodula‘tion. Jus. Ods.-° [n. of action 
f. L. émodula-re to sing, celebrate: see -ATION.] 
The action of singing in measure and proportion ; 
* phrasi 1731 in Bartey. 1775 in Asu. 

mm scence (imgle'séns). Chem. and Min. 
[f. L. émollesc-éve to grow soft+-ENCE.] ‘A state 
of softening; the softened condition of a melting 
body before it fuses’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 


1794 Kirwan Min. I. 4, e..lowest degree is emolles- 
Ps 4 1847 in CRAIG ; pf pbieny Dicts, 


Emolliate (/mg'lijit), v. [f L. émolli-re to 
soften, f. 2 intensive + mol/i-s soft+-ATE.] trans. 
To soften, render effeminate. 


1802-17 Pinkerton Geog. (W.), Emolliated four cen- 
turies of Roman domination. 7 in CRAIG yea in 


Dicts. 
+Emorvlliative, a. Ols. vave—'. [f. as 


prec. + -ATIVE. That tends to soften , 
] » assuage, 


1601 Hottann Pliny Il, 138 The meale..of the three- 
moneth corn is more moist an 
[ad. L. émollid-us, 


rllid, a. Obs.—° 


124 


(Perronéous reading) Livy xxxtv. xlvii.] Soft, 
tender, nice, effeminate. 


in B 3 $e Basar; in Asx. 
Eeciiient (implants a. and sb. Wed. Also 
emolient. [f. L. 2mollient-em, 

pr. pple. of gmolli-re to soften, f. ¢ intensive + 


relaxing the ay. rec textures. Also fig. 
aper. Chyrurg. vii. 29, 1 use emo! 


M 1655 Cutrerrer, Core & Rowianp Riverius 


of robbery and confiscation. 1833 
Bd. Poet. Wks. (1850) I. 161 Mixtures of emollient remedies. 
1876 Gross Dis. / ladder 26 A large emollient poultice is 


to the v 
softening application. Chiefly in i. 


“B. sb. 
Also fig. 
1656 Rinciey Pract. Physick 13 Lay not on the scarified 
lace emollients. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety xix. § 13 (1683)368 
is pacifick purpose, as a lenitive and emollient. 1727 
Popz, etc. Art Sinking 92 The emollients and opiats of 
poes 1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 582 True emollients 
are perfectly bland, fatty substances. f 

ay : ent, Ods.-° [as if ad. L. *2molli- 
ment-um, f. émollire: see prec.] ‘ An asswaging’ 
(Cockeram 1623). ’ 

Emolli‘tion. ?0és. Also 7 emolition. [as if 
ad. L. *émollitién-em, n. of action f. émolli-re to 
soften.] The action of softening. Also fig. 

a 1619 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 3 Which [land].. 
would have..not needed this emollition by learning. 1626 
Bacon Sylva § 730 Bathing or Anointing give a Re- 
laxion or Emollition. 1646 Sm T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 53 
Powerful menstruums are made for its emolition. 1741 
Compl. Fam. Piece. i. 80 Let it lie on [the corn] till it have 
sufficiently done the designed Work of Emollition. 1775 in 
AsH._ 1847 in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Emo'llitive, 2. and st. Med. Obs. [f. L. 
émollit- ppl. stem of émolli-re to soften + -IVE.] 

A. = EMoLulEnt a. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny II. 137 This is generally obserued, 
that all sorts of wax be emollitiue, 1657 Tomiinson Renow’s 
~*~ 499 The herbaceous part is emollitive. 

. = EMOLLIENT sé. 

160r Hoitanp Pliny Il. 11 Exfplan. of Wds. of Art, 
Emollitiues, medicines that do soften any hard swelling. 

+ E-mologe, v. Ods. rare—'. [ad. med.L. 
emolog-are corrupt var. of homologare to confirm ; 
used techn. for ‘to register a decree in the records 
of a (French) parliament’.] ‘¢vans. To enter or 
register as in a diary or calendar. 

1655 DicGEs ca Ambass, 186 These things..should 
be inrolled and emologed in their Parlaments. 

Emolument (/mp'lizmént). [ad. L. émdti-, 
émblimentum profit, advantage; in most Lat. 
Dicts. said to be f. 2mdli-ri to bring out by effort. 

On this view, however, the quantity ought to be émd/i- 
mentum; the quantity evidenced in L. poetry points to 
derivation from émdlére to grind out. Possibly two dis- 
tinct L. words of the same spelling may have been con- 
fused.] _ 

1. Profit or gain arising from station, office, or 
employment; dues; reward, remuneration, salary. 

1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 127 Certeyn offeringes 
--and emoluments unto the said benefice due. 1637-50 Row 
Hist. Kirk (1842) 31 His former rents and emoluments. 
1743 J. Morris Sevm. viii. 216 Believers. .deny themselves 

1 the..emoluments..they might have injoyedhere. 1803 
F. Jerrrey in Four C, Eng. Lett. 423 The concern has now 
become to be of some emolument. 188 P, Brooks Candle 
of Lord 69 Men who want to be scholars for the Ih 
. scholarship will bring. 

+2. Advantage, benefit, comfort. Ods. 

_ 1633 Massincer New Way, etc. 1. ii, Thou never hadst 
in thy house..A piece of. .cheese. . For their [men’s] i 


EMOTIONALISM. 
That pore they shall come emonge, No fawte 


theare vs 
+ Emonges(t, f7c?. Forms: 5 emanges, 
-ez, em 6 -es, -s, -est. [fe ot ee 
itive : see AMonGstT,] = AMONGST. 
gordi apna, on 6]. 1495 ie 11 Hen. VII, c. 53 
That the seid Robert emongis other shuld stand and be con- 
victed..of High Treason. 1571 AscHAM Scholem 1. (Arb.) 
37 Witte is a singuler gifte of Gad, and s0 most rare eenonges 
men. 
Emony ( i). Also 7 emone, emmene. 
[aphet. f. Anemone (?taken as an emony).] 
i? Pref. 6 Robbing him of..Em- 
Adam in (Britten and 
call them Emones. 
173% 
in 


Emorogie, obs. form of HEMORRHAGE. 
Emoroydes, obs. f. Emznops, HEMORRHOIDS. 
Emortise, obs. form of oo hag 
x Tow Surv. xviii. (1603) 168 emortising 
PB of the Priorie. i? 
Emotion (/méwfon). [ad. L. gmétion-em, n. 
of action f. 2-mové-re, f. 2 out + mové-re to move.] 
+1. A moving out, migration, transference from 
one place to another. Ods. 
1603 Kno.ies Hist. Turks (1621) 


f that the Turks 
of t people [ oa ee 


oopwarD Nat. Hist. 
Earth 1. (1723) 45 Some accid Emotion. .of the Center 
of Gravity. 


+2. A moving, stirring, agitation, perturbation 
(in physical sense). Ods. 

1692 Locke Educ. 7 When exercise has left ry Emotion 
in his Blood or Pulse. 1708 O. Bripcman in PAiZ. Trans. 
X XVI. 138 Thunder. .caused so great an Emotion in the Air. 
1755 Porter ibid. LXIX. 118 The horses rose from their 
litter with violent emotions. 1758 /éid. L. 647 The waters 
continuing in the caverns..caused the emotion or earth- 
quake. 1772 Monro iéid. LXII. 18 A diluted spirit of 
vitriol .. occasioned no.. emotion. a 1822 SHetiey Love's 
Philos. 6 The winds of heaven mix forever With a sweet 
emotion. = . 4 

+8. ¢ransf. A political or social agitation; a 
tumult, popular disturbance. Oés. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard, u, There were. . stirres and 
emocions in Lombard: 1709 Appison Jatler No. 24 Pi 
Accounts of Publick Emotions, occasion’d by the Want 
Corn. 1 Burke Adbridgem. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 432 
Even in d some emotions were excited in favour of 
the Duke [Robert of Normandy, in 1103}. 3 

4. fig. Any agitation or disturbance of mind, 
feeling, passion; any vehement or excited mental 
state. 

1660 Jer. Tayitor Duct. Dudit. (R.), The emotions of hu- 
manity..the meltings of a worthy dispositi 172 STEELE 
Spect. No. 432? hope to see the Pope. .without violent 
Emotions. 1762 Kanes Elem. Crit. it. § 2. (1833) 37 The 
joy of gratification is ly called an emotion. 1& 


The divers emotions 


Sea-sickness. .is under 
the dominion of emotion. 1841-4 Emerson ss, Friend- 
i the emotions of 

+ are to the material effects 
nosey Lett. (1878) I. 6x The intellect is 
Emotions alone their. involuntary 
fl age 

He. .almost ion to 


ment. 1704 Swirt 7. Td (1768) 1. 119 That wind still con- 
tinues of great emolument in certain mysteries. 1756 
CuesterFietp Lett. IV. cecxvi. 80, I brought it [an } 


ién of Eeaotion. Vly ny Big 24 The 
region of Nastia Oe re eae 


all up again to my great satisfaction and 

+ Emolume'ntal, a. Obs. rare. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] =next. 

1664 Evetyn Sylva Pref. Rdr., All that is laudable 


and truly emolumental. 1669 J. Rose Eng. Vineyard 
Ded., All that is truely ae aieons eet tl 


the culture of trees and fruits. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1847 
in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Emolumen (tmp'livme'ntari), a. [f. Emo- 
LUMENT + -ARY.] t tends to emolument; pro- 


Sabie hensbictal, advan! 
1775 WRAxaLt in Tour N. Europe 87 Marriage is 
0 d by (ny) mal y of favour, 1688 
Daily News 22 May 6/5 My office is honorary rather than 
emolumentary. 

+Emorng, /vep. and adv. Obs. Forms: 4 
emang, 5 emaunge, -onge, -unge, 5-7 emong. 
[variant of AMone, Imonc.] = Axome. ; 


A. brep. mee - 
Ars see Amonc 1 8]. @ 1400-50 Alexander 4817 
rte lorious gl lent emau: 
Arthur abi p cna vem pod geen ee Saikano 
MAtory ioe (1817) x a be ee 
men. * 
Emong Righthined figures: oStht-es tons ena iiaie 
‘_ee 


1440-70 [see Amonc]. 1548 Forrest Pleas. Poesye 432 


Gaork Grecee mm xvi. III. 285 Every masicel mode 
had its own liar emotional influences. 1860 Froupe 
Hist. Eng. Vi. 6 Uncoloured .. with the motional weak- 
nesses of humanity. 1862 Suiney in Nugae Crit. vi. 282 
The use of emotional u Ousetey Harmony 
Pref. 7 Others .. treat Music as.. an emotional art. 

2. Liable toemotion ; easily affected by emotion. 


Also in agate. sense, characterized by the 
copay ‘or emotion. Also adso/. quasi-sd. 
Gasket C. Bronté (1860) natives of the 
West Fae oe Tate Beret” 1879. McCartuy Own 
cially to the emotional in woman. 1884 A. tho in thes 
— 39 Bee. 497(t Soul. .ceases to operate gva emotional 
Emotionalism (/méw'fanaliz’m). [f. prec. + 
-18M.] Emotional character. Usually in disparag- 
ing sense: The habit of morbidly cultivating or of 


g 

weakly yielding to emotion. 

nie Sat G. 3, Nov. 112 og ogg 
17 Apr. 475 

Overstrained, and ‘and’ petted’ bits 

of sentimentalism .. maudlin emo- 

tionalism. L. Assort in Home Oct. 231 The 

religion of lis] represented by the Negro. 


EMOTIONALIST. 


Emotionalist (#méfonalist). [f. as prec. + 
-IST.] a. One who bases his theories of conduct 
on the emotions. b. In contemptuous use: One 
who is unwisely emotional, or who appeals (un- 
worthily) to the emotions instead of the reason. 

a1866 J. Grote Exam. Util. Philos. iv. (1870) 62 Mill 
writes..as if he were a mere emotionalist. 1882 J. PARKER 
Apost. Life (1884) III. 66 Would he now be called fanatic, 
emotionalist, enthusiast? 1888 Cosmo Monxnouse in 
Academy 23 June 425/1 He is no professional emotionalist, 
making capital out of pain. ne 

Emotionality (‘méu:fanz'liti). [f. as prec. + 
-Iry.] Emotional character or temperament. 

1865 Enxglishm. Mag. Mar. 208 A high state of joyous 
emotionality. 1885 JearrrEeson Real Shelley I. 392 Allow- 
ance must be made for Shelley’s vehement emotionality. 

Emo'‘tionaliza:tion. once-wd. [f. next + 
-ATION.] The process of cultivating the feelings, 
or oe the sensibility. 

1876 Maups.ry Physiol. Mind. vi. 366 To bring the low 
savage to the level of the cultivated European..a process 
of emotionalization [would be needed]. 

Emotionalize (‘méwfanaloiz), v. rare. [f. 
EMoTIONAL + -1ZE.] trans. To render emotional ; 
make a subject for emotional talk or display ; to 
deal with emotionally. 

1879 Froupe Czsar xxvi. 456 An oath with him was not a 
thing to be emotionalised away. 1882 — Carlyle 1. 66 A 
pious family, where religion was not. .emotionalised. 

Emotionally (éméwfonali), adv. [f. as prec. 
+-LY2,] In an emotional manner; with reference 
to the emotions. 

1865 Dickens Mut. Fr.1. ii, Nodding emotionally, 1866 
Ch. Times 20 Feb., The Rinderpest is emotionally described 
:-as an affliction. 1874 Spurceon Treas. Dav. Ps. xcii. 1 
IV. 263 It is good emotionally for it is pleasant to the heart. 
1876 Gro. Exior Dan. Der. 1. lii. 71 Passionate situations, 
which she never made emotionally her own. 

+ Emostionate, a. nonce-wd. [f. Emorion + 
-ATE.] = EMOTIONAL 2. 

1824 James Gicurist Etymologic Interpreter 88 We are 
essentially sentimental and emotionate. 

Emotioned (mo«fond) 9/. a. rare. [f. Emo- 
TION + -ED] Stirred by emotion. 

a@1783 J. Scorr (of Amwell) Zss. Painting Wks. (1822) 
176 How all his form the emotion’d soul betrays. 
Emotionize (éméou‘fanaiz), v. rare. [f. Emo- 
TION + -1ZE.] ¢rans. To stir or affect with emotion. 
1859 R. Burton in Frnd. R. Geog. Soc. XXX. 341 Wild 
races seek ., something .. to emotionize them. 1883 Wit- 
. Sred’s Widow II, vi. 255 Moved—touched—emotionized. 
Emotionless (éméufonlés), a. [f. as prec. 
+-LESS.] Without emotion, devoid of feeling or 
passion. 

1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 177 Brahma is. .tranquil 
--emotionless, 1875 Fror. Marryat Ofex Sesame I. x. 
144 Her face..struck me as strangely emotionless. 

Emotive (‘méutiv), a. [f. L. émdt- ppl. stem 
of émové-re to move out + -IVE.] 

1. +a. Causing movement (0és.), b. Tending 
to excite or capable of exciting emotion. 

1735 Brooke Univ. Beauty iv. 121 Eternal art, Emotive, 
pants within the alternate heart. 1883 H. M. Kennepy tr. 
Ten Brink's E. E. Lit, 38 The emotive passionate quality 
of epic diction. ° ; 

2. Pertaining to the emotions, or to emotion. 

1830 Macxintosu £th. Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 160 Distinc- 
tion between the percipient and what, perhaps, we may 
venture to call the emotive or the pathematic part of human 
nature, 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1870) 1. 484 
Actions .. at once, conscious, rational, and emotive. 1876 
Gso. Exior Dan. Der. vu. lil. 492 It prepared her emotive 
nature for a deeper effect. . 

b. Eminently capable of emotion, emotional. 
‘1881 Mrs. Praep Policy § P. II. 30 One must feel with 
the emotive, see with the spiritual. : 

Hence Emo'tively adv., emotionally. Em‘otive- 
ness, the quality of being emotional. Emoti'v- 
ity, the capacity for emotion. 

1884 A thenzum 5 Apr. 438/1 Thoughts must be emotively 
expressed before they can become poetry. 1876 Gro. EL1or 
Dan, Der. x1, Sympathetic emotiveness. .ran along with his 
speculative tendency. 1854 Hickox Ment. Philos. 176 

motivity [is a] term for the capacity of feeling. 

Emove (‘m#v), v. rave. Also 5 emoyve. [In 
15th c. emoyue (if this is not misread for enioyne), 
ad. OF. emovoir ; in 18th c. directly ad. L. gmo- 
vere: see EMOTION.] Zrans. +a. To move, incite 
(to an action) (0ds.). b. To affect with emotion. 

ax1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS, (1867) 2 He byddes 
.. pat all pat hase cure..emoyue paire parischenes, etc. 
1748 Tuomson Cast. Jndol. 1. x, Kindly raptures them 
emove. 1835 Fraser’s Mag. X1. 425 He for whose loss all 
gentle breasts are now emov 

‘Empacket (empz'két), v. rave. [ad. Fr. em- 
paqueter; cf. EN- and Packer.] trans. To pack 
up. 

1825 Scorr Betrothed xii, (1832) 106 No other woman .. 
hath such skill in empacketing clothes. 

Empestic (empz'stik), a. [ad. Gr. umaoriny 
(réxvn) the art of embossing, f. gumaiev to beat 
in, emboss.] In phrase Zmpestic art: the art of 
embossing. 

3850 Lertcn tr. Miiller’s Anc. Art § 173. 152 Embossed 
silver plates with ornaments of gold riveted on them (there- 
fore works of the empzstic art). 


125 


Empair, -ment, etc., obs. ff. Imparr v., etc. 

+Emparle, v. Ods. [f. Ex- + Pate a.; OF. 
had empalir in same sense.] trans. To make pale. 

1604 A. ScoLoker Daiphantus in Arb. Garner VII. 400 The 
heart’s still perfect; though empaled the face. 1610 G. 
Fietcuer Christ’s Vict., No bloudles maladie empales 
their face. 1664 Power £.xp. Philos. 1.75 This Artificial 
Claret .. you may empale as you please. 

Empale, empalement: sce IMPALE, -MENT. 

Empall: see Em- prefix. 

Empalm, obs, form of IMpaLM. 

+Empa‘nel, s/. Ods. Also 6 en-, inpanell, 
impanall, enpannell, 7 empannel. [f. next.] 
The list of jurors summoned by the sheriff. Also 
a jury so summoned. 

1501 Plumpton Corr. 159 The Inpanell that .. shall passe 
agaynst you for your maner of Kenalton. /ézd. 161, I have 
sent you part the names of the enpannell. 1568 GraFron 
Chron, Il. 630 The Maior .. began to call the empanels. 
1667 Decay Chr. Piety v. §9. 228 May not Christ be per- 
mitted .. to make his challenge and exceptions against this 
so incompetent impanel? 1775 Asn, Empannel, the list of 
jurors summoned to appear in a Court of judicature. 

Empanel, impanel (empz‘nél), v. Forms: 
a. 5 empanelle, 6-8 enpanel, 6-9 empannell, 
6-empanel. £8. 6-8 impannell, 6-9 impannel, 
6-impanel. [a. AF. empanelle-r, f. en- (see EN-) 
+ panel (see PANEL).] 

trans. To enter (the names of a jury) on a panel 
or official list ; to enrol or constitute (a body of 
jurors). Hence Empa‘nelled ///. a. 

[1383 Act 7 Rich. [J c.7 Le meschief qavient as diverses 
ead du roialme queux sont empanellez & retournez devant 

es Justices. ] 

a. 1487 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 404 The seid seriaunt em- 
panelle no man to be in gret inquest. 1548 CRANMER 
Catech. 59 It is not nowe necessarie to empanel a quest. 
1611 SpEED Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xiii. § 71 The King..sent .. 
certaine Londoners .. to be there empanelled for Quests of 
Inquirie. 1630 J. TayLor (Water P.) Vertue of Tayle Wks. 
u. 128/t A Jury here of Anagrams, you see .. empanneld. 
17.. Burke Lidel Bill (R.), Jurors duly empannelled and 
sworn, 1876 GREEN Short Hist. ii. 82 A jury empanelled 
in each hundred. 

B. 1514 Fitzners. Fust. Peas (1538) 89 b, Persons im- 
panellyd by the .. justices. c1600 SHaks. Sonn. xlvi, To 
side this title is impannelled A quest of thoughts, all ten- 
nants to the heart. 176x Cuurcuitt Rosciad Poems (1763) 
1.8 Twelve sage impannell’d Matrons. 1788 Burns Le?. 
P. Hill 1 Oct., Were Iimpannelled one of the author’s 
jury. 1868 Mirman S¢, Paul's vii. 137 A jury was ..im- 
pannelled to ascertain boundaries. : 

Empanelling (empznélin), v4/. sb. [f. prec. 
+-1NG1.] The action of the vb. EMPANEL, 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 392 By crafte of enpanellynge. 
1549 LATIMER Servz, bef E: ww. VI (Arb.) 143 The Iudge at 
the enpanelynge of the queste, hadde hys graue lookes. 1885, 
Pall Mail G, 11 May 8/1 They watched with great keen- 
ness the empanelling of the jury. 

Empanelment (empz‘nélmént). [f. as prec. 
+-MENT.] = prec. 

1883 Sat. Rev. LV. 519 With every fresh empanelment the 
risk of this is renewed. 1887 Library Mag. (New York) 
ge ae After a definite period of empanelment. 

+ Empa‘nnel, v. Ods. rare. [f. EN-+ PANEL, 
pack-saddle.] ¢vans. To put a pack-saddle upon. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. m1. ii. I. 227 Good betide him that 
freed us from the pains of empannelling the grey Ass. 1881 
Durrietp Don Quix. II. 326 Saddle Rozinante, and em- 
pannel thine ass. 

Empanoply, empaper : see Em- prefix. 

Emparadise, var. of IMPARADISE z. 

Emparchment: see Em- prefix. 

+ Emparre, v. Ods. [ad. OF. emfarer in same 
sense.] ¢vans. To furnish, adorn. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xvi. 63 My sone mercure..take thy 
wynges empared with fedders. 

+ Emparrel, sd. Ods. rave-1. In 5 enparel 
[altered form of APPAREL; see En-.] = APPAREL. 

c1420 Anters of Arthur xxix, Hur enparel was a-praysut 
with princes of my3te. 

+Emparrel, v. Ods. Also 6 empareile [al- 
tered form of APPAREL v.; see EN-.]  ¢rans. To 
equip, array. : 

Caxton Chron. 243 Shippes that were ful wel arrayd 
and emparalled and enarmed. 1557 T. Paynett Barcklaye's 
Bat. of Fugurth 2x He assembled & empareiled an army. 

Empark, var. of IMpark v. 

Emparl(e, emparlance: see IMPARL, -ANCE. 

+Empa‘rley, v. Ods. rare—'. [f. EN- + Par- 
LEY ; cf. OF. emfarler, Imparu.] intr. To parley. 

1600 HoLtanp Livy xxvii. xxxv. 695 They met for to em- 
parley and commune together. 

Empart, obs. form of IMparr. 

Empash, -ment, obs. Sc. forms of ImMPEAcH to 
hinder, IMPEACHMENT hindrance. 


Empa'sm. Med. Obs. rare. [as if ad. Gr. 
*€unacya, regularly f. éundccew to sprinkle on.] 

1. ‘A perfumed powder to be sprinkled on the 
body to restrain sweating or to destroy its smell’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1657 Tomuinson Renou's Disp, 201 The less affinity falling 
in the denominations of Empasm and Diapasm. 1775 in 
Asx. 1847 in Crarc; and in mod. Dicts. 

2. (See quot.) 

1657 Phys. Dict., Empasms, medicinal pouders used to 


EMPEROR. 


allay inflamations, and to scarifie the extremity of the 
skin. 1678 in Pxituirs. oe in BaILey. 

|Empa‘sma. ded. Ods.—° [mod.L., f. as 
prec.] = Empasm 1. 

1708 in Kersey. 1751 in Cuampers Cyc/. 1860 in Mayne 
Exp. Lex.; and in mod. Dicts. 

mpassion, -ate, -ment: see Impassion, etc. 

Empaste : see IMpAsTE. 

+ Empa‘tron, v. Obs. rvare—'. In 6 enpa- 
trone. [f. En- + Parron.] ¢rans. To stand in 
the relation of patron to ; to patronize. 

1597 SHaxs. Lover's Compl. 224, For these of force must 
your oblations be, Since I their Aulter, you enpatrone me. 

Empawn, obs. var. of IMpawN v. 

Empeach, obs. var. of IMpEAcH v. to hinder, 
accuse, and sé. hindrance, accusation. 

Empearl, var. ImrraRL, to adorn as with pearls. 

Lng ao a. Obs. rare—', [f. Gr. €pmecp- 
os (see EMPIRIC) + -AL] = EMPIRICAL. 

1587 Harmar tr. Beza’s Sermons 421 (T.) Empeirall prac- 
ticks, who use the medicines which they call narcoticall. 

Empenitent, obs. form of IMPENITENT a. 

+Empeo'ple, v. 0%s. Also en-, impeople. 
[f. Ex- + PEOPLE. ] 

1. zvans. To fill with people, populate. 

1582 N. Licnertep tr. Lofes de Castanheda’s Hist. Disc. 
E. Indies 140 b, He was desirous to encrease and enpeople 
his Citie. 1583 Stuspes Anat. Abus. . 31 Before the world 
was impeopled. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. vi. 
24 But we now know ‘tis very well empeopled. 1631 Cedes- 
tina xvut. 181 What does impeople Church-yards but it ? 

2. nonce-use. To establish as the population. 

1590 SpENSER F, Q. 1, x. 56 And gan enquere .. what un- 
knowen nation there empeopled were. 1775 in AsH. 1847 
in Craic; and in mod Dicts. 


Hence Empeo'pled /#/. a. 

1855 SINGLETON Virgil I. 164 Libya’s shepherds .. 
their empeopled kraals with scattered roofs. 

+Evmperale. Ods. rave—!. [Corrupt form of 
empertal, IMPERIAL: see Du Cange s.v. impe- 
rvialis.] A coin of an emperor. 

«1400 Octouian 1911 For emperales that were not smale 
Ibought hym. _— 

+ Empera‘lity. Ods. vare-'. In 5 empera- 
lyte. [var. of IMPERIALITY : cf. prec.] = Empire. 

¢1470 Harvinc Chron. lix. i, Able he was. .To haue ruled 
all the emperalyte. : 

+Empe'ratrice. Ols. vave—'. [A 16th c. 
form of *¢peratrice, a. Fr. impératrice, ad. L. 
imperatric-em, fem. of zmperator : see EMPEROR.] 

= EMPRESS. 

1542 Henry VIII Declar. 201 Dauid Kyng of Scottis did 
homage to Matilde the Emperatrice. 

Emperess(e, obs. var. of EMPRESS. 

Emperial(l(e, obs. form of Impertat a. 

+Empe'rial, v. Ods. vave—!. In 5 empe- 
rialle. [f. emferia/, IMPERIAL a.] trans. To give 
a lordly or magnificent appearance to. 

¢1460 J. Russert Bk, Nurture in Babees Bh. (1868) 133 
Emperialle by Cuppeborde with Siluer & gild fulle gay. 

Emperie, -al, obs. ff. Emprric, -Au. 

Emperice, obs. form of EMPREss. 

Emperil, obs. form of ImpERIn. 

+Empe'riment. Os. vare—'. [a. OF. em- 
pirement deterioration, f. evpirer to make worse ; 
cf. EMpyRE v. and -MENT.] The action of getting 
worse, of ‘breaking up’ physically. 

1674 Collect. Poems, To Flatman, The minds incurable 
disease, That (till the last Emperiment) expects no ease. 

Emperious, obs. var. of ImpERrous a. 

+Empe‘rish, v. Obs. rave. Also 6 empe- 
rysshe, emperyshe. [app. f. F. emfzver, on the 
erroneous analogy of words like emdellish ; after- 
wards perh. associated with PERISH.] 

trans. To make worse, impair, enfeeble. 
Emperrishing /f/. a. 

1530 PALsGR. 531 It is not utterly marred, but it is sore em- 
perysshed. 1545 T. RayNotp Womans Book Y 5 The weedes.. 
wyll defourme and emperysshe the good grace of them. 1579 
Spenser Sheph. Cal, Feb., I deeme thy braine emperished 
bee Through rustie elde. 1593 Nasue Christ's T.(1613) 68, 
Rather .. then inward emperishing famine should too vn- 
timely inage thee. 

+Empe'rishment. Ods. [f. prec. + -MEnT.] 
Impairment, injury. 

1545 Raynotp Womans Book Y 6 Without any empe- 
risshement of theyr helth. 

+ E-mperize, v. Os. rare. [f. EMPERY + -12E.] 
a. trans. To rule as an emperor ; to lord it over. 
b. intr. Const. over. Hence E‘mperizing A//. a. 

1598 Barcxitey Felic. Man (1631) 167 He thought it 

reater ..’ore Kings to emperize. 1609 Heywoop Brit. 

voy Proem, The Apocalip Magog shall .. Emperise the 
world. 160r CHEsTER Love's Mart. cci, True loue is Troths 
sweete emperizing Queene. 

+ Evmperly, ¢. 0ds. rare—1. [f. Emper-or + 
-LY.] = LfPERIAL. 

1g00-25 Virgilius in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) Il. 23 He 
saw his unkell .. in his emperly stole. 

Emperor (emperer). Forms: 3 emperere, 
3-8 emperour(e, (3 amperur, aumperour, 4 
emparour, -ur, empere, emperore, -ure, eem- 
perour, 5 emperowre), 5-6 emproure, -ure, (6 


And 


Hence 


EMPEROR. 


emporour, empowr, empoure, -pre-, -prioure), 
(4 imparour, -ur, imperur,-owr, 4-G6imperour), 
4, 6- emperor. e ME. emperere, emperoure, 
are respectively ad. OF. emperere(s (nom. case) 
and empereor (oblique case) :—L. impera'tor, im- 
perats'rem, agent-noun f. imperare to command. 

The L. émperator, orig. denoting in general the holder 
of a chief military command, became in the period of the 
Roman blic a title of h yb d on a victorious 

eneral by the acclamation of the army on the field of battle. 
This title was afterwards conferred by the senate on Julius 
Cesar and on Augustus, with reference to the military 
powers with which the chief of the state was invested ; and 
in accordance with this precedent it was adopted by all the 
subsequent rulers of the empire except Tiberius and Clau- 
dius. In post-classical Latin it became the chief official 
designation of the sovereign, being interpreted in the sense 
of ‘absolute ruler’ (in Greek avroxparwp). In this sense it 
continued to be applied to the rulers of the Western and 
Eastern Roman empires until they severally came to an 
end. Ina.p. 800 when the Western empire was nominally re- 
vived, the Frankish king Charles the Great (Charlemagne) 
was crowned by the pope with the title of imferator, 
implying that he was invested with the same supremacy 
over European monarchs that the rulers of the earlier 
Roman empire had The title continued to be 
borne by his successors, the heads of the ‘Holy Roman 
Empire’ (popularly the ‘ Empire of Germany’) down to its 
extinction in 1806. he Romanic (and hence the English) 
forms of the word were originally applied to the sovereigns 
of the Eastern empire, to those of the Romano-Germanic 
empire, and historically to those of the earlier Roman 
empire. For subsequent extensions of meaning (common 
to English with the Romanic langs.), see below in sense 3.] 

1, The sovereign of the undivided Roman Em- 
pire, or of the Western or Eastern Empire. 

aza2a5 Ancr. R. 244 Puruh Julianes heste og Amperur. 
@ 1300 Cursor M. 11277 (Cott.) In august time, pe Imparour, 
Was vs born vr sauueour. ¢ 1300 St. Margarete 23 Liber was 
pbemperor Diocletian. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4089 He 
sal be last emparour pat pare sal be. 1 Wycur Matt, 
xxii. 21 Jelde 3e to the emperoure tho thingis that ben the 
emperouris. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. 1v. (1520) 27 b/2 He 
was commaunded by the letter of themperoure to come to 
Rome. 1549 Compl. Scot.25 Marcus antonius vas venquest 
be the empriour agustus. 1603 KNoties Hist. Turks (1638) 
36. Baldwin had before married Emanuel the Greek Em- 
perors neece. 1790 Burke Fr, Rev. Wks. V. 431 Rome, 
under her emperours, united the evils of both systems. 1833 
Cruse Exsebius wv. x. 137 This emperor [Adrian] having 
finished his mortal career. 

2. The head of the Holy Roman Empire, also 
styled of Almaigne or Germany. 

In German documents Kaiser (the Teutonic form of the 
imperial name Ca:sar) was used in this sense, and is there- 
fore regarded as the German equivalent of ‘ emperor’. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 486 The aumperour Frederic, & the 
king Philip of France Alle hii wende to Ierusalem. c 1450 
Guy Warw.(C.) 4205 Therfore } sey yow, syr emperere. 
1529 Rastet Pastyme (1811)81 Philyppe Auguste. .wanne 
a great battell agaynst Otton the emperour. c 1552 BALE 
KR. Yohan 1 My granfather was an empowr excelent. 1615 
Stow Annales 661/1 His lordship. .taking leaue of the Em- 
perour, departed from Vienna. 1735 OLpmixon Hist. Eng., 
Geo. I, vi. 763 The Treaty of Vienna between the Emperor 
and King of Scala: 1804 [see 3]. 1873 Bryce Holy Rom. 
Empire (ed. 4) xii. 186 No act of sovereignty is recorded to 
have been done by any of the Emperors in tian 

3. In wider sense, as a title of sovereignty con- 
sidered superior in dignity to that of ‘king’, 

In the Middle Ages, and subsequently, the title was often 
applied to extra-European monarchs ruling over wide terri- 
tories. We still speak of the Emperors of China, Japan, 
Morocco, and historically of the Mogul Emperors of India 
and the Emperor of the Aztecs. Since the early part of 
the 16th c. the title has been used as the equivalent of the 
Russian 7zar (see Czar). The Sultans of Turkey (who 
assumed the style of Aeisar-i-Rim, ‘Czsar of Rome’, as 
successors of the Byzantine emperors) were occasionally 
spoken of as emperors. Until the present century ‘the 

mperor’ always, unless otherwise interpreted by the con- 
text, denoted the ‘emperor of Germany’. But in 1804 
Napoleon I. assumed the title of ‘ Emperor of the French’ 
and in the same year the emperor Francis II ‘of Germany 
added to his other titles that of ‘Emperor of Austria’, 
which he retained when in 1806 he put an end to the Holy 
Roman Empire by his abdication. Subsequently the style 
of emperor has been adopted in several other instances. 
At present (1889) the only sovereigns so called are (apart 
from Asiatic and African potentates) those of Russia, Aus- 
tria, Germany (since 1870), and Brazil (since 1822); and in 
1876 the title of Empress of India was assumed by Queen 
Victoria. 

¢1400 Maunpev, v. 42 The grete Cham .. is the gretteste 
Emperour ., of alle the parties be3onde. 1533-4 Act 25 
Hen. VI11, c, 22. §1 The laufull kinges and emperours of 
thisrealme. 1560 Rotianp Crt. Venus Prol. 122 As I have 
red of Kingis and Empreouris. 16rx Suaxs. Winter's T. 
ut. ii. 120 The Emperor of Russia was my Father. 1655 
M. Carter Hon. Rediv. (1660) 70 Yet our Kings have been 
styled Emperors, and this Realm of England called an 
Empire. 1772 Sir W. Jones Zss. i. (1777) 185 Being assisted 
by the emperours of India and China. 1804 tr, Proclam. 

vancis Il, 1x Aug. in Ann, Reg. 695 Immediately after 
our title of elected emperor of the Romans shall be inserted 
that of hereditary emperor of Austria, 1836 Penny aod 


V. 132 Napoleon, by the grace of God .. emperor of t! 
en = bid. VII. 77 The government of China. .depends 
on the wi 


.. of the reigning emperor. a1859 De Quincey 
Axutobiog. Sk, Wks. 1858 I. a62 ae An —— a prince 
uniting in his own p the th of al disti 
kingdoms. 1872 Freeman Gen, Sketch xvi, § 3. (1874) 330 
Since Buonaparte’s time the title of Emperor, Svhich once 
meant so much, has to have any parti meaning. 
b. transf. and fig. 
@ 1300 Cursor M, 18179 Pou ert ,, sa hei wit-all, Bath als 


126 


emparur. Lane. P. PLC. xxn. Ich 
wo! y~ an eT oh alae ake Senile. 
ree ba ee ae this world is Gyle 
my fadir. ) a5 


Pilgr. Perf. W. de W. 153% heuen, 

wll & ax ee eompurour- 1998 Suns. Merry 
ii worm is your E 

for diet. po a PL. IL. 510 ‘Nor iese Then Fells 


149 Nep / ~ 

4. In the popular names of certain butterflies : 
Purple Emperor, + Emperor of the Woods, 
Apatura Iris; + Emperor of Morocco, a collec- 
tor’s name, perh.= Purple Emperor. 

1773, Witxes Eng. Moths & Butterfl. pl. 120 The Purple 
Highflier, or Emperor of the Woods. 1775 Harris Awre- 
lian pl. 3 —_ Emperor. 1 P. Pinpar (J. Wolcott) 
title, Sir Joseph Banksand the Emperor of Morocco. 18.. 
Lytton Kenelm Chil. v.v, A rare butterfly .. called the 
Emperor of Morocco. : 

+ II. 5. a. In the etymological sense =‘ com- 
mander’. b. Rom. Ant. As rendering of L. 
imperator in its republican sense (now replaced by 
the Lat. word). Ods. 

c 1325 K. Adis. 1669 The messangers Buth y-come to heore 
emperis. 138. Wycuir Se/. Was. 111. 290 Oure emperoure 
Crist comaundib. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 3670 Pai..ordant hym 
{[Agamynon] Emperour by opyn assent. 1, BELLENDEN 
Livy v. (1822) 4, (The] grete justice of emprioure 
Camillus. 1598 W. Puitiirs Linschoten'’s Trav. in Arb. 
Garner III. 23 The ships of an ancient custom, do use to 
choose an Emperor among themselves. 1 GrENEWEY 
Tacitus’ Ann.1\. iii. (1622) 5 [Augustus] had beene honored 
with the name of Emperour one and twenty times. 
Suaxs. Ant. & Cl. tv. xiv. go My Captaine, and my Em- 
peror. 1741 Mipvieton Cicero II. vii.(1742) 193 Upon this 
success, Cicero was saluted Emperor. : 

III. 6. attrib. and Comé., as emperor-king, 
-maker; emperor-less, -like adjs. (and ady.); also 
+ emperor-clerk, contemptuously fora lord-spiri- 
tual ; emperor-moth (Saturnia pavonia minor). 

138. Wycuir Sed. Wks. ILI. 437 Alle degrees of *emperor 
clerkis. — Wks. (1880) 447 Of pis, ne of opere emperour 
clerkis. 1841 W. Spatpine /taly & /t. /sl. III. 60 The *em- 
peror-king passed through Piedmont in triumph. 1882 
Athenzum 30 Dec. 879/2 The great-grand-nephew of the 
victor of Rossbach put an end. .to the “emperor-less period. 
1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 509/2 It is an *Emperour- 
like gouernance. 1601 /p. Consid. Sec. Priests (1675) 54 
Thus these great Emperour-like Jesuits do speak to her 
Majesty. c1630 Drumm. or Hawtu. Poems Ss. (1711) 6 


And emperourlike decore With diadem of pearl thy temples | 
1581 Savice Zacitus’ Hist. 1. xxx. (1591) 18 Prouide | 


fair. 
that the raskallest sort be no *Emperour- ers. 1868 
Woop Homes without H, xiv. 279 The cocoon of the common 
*Emperor Moth. 

E-mperor, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec. sb.] trans. 
To rule over as emperor or supreme head. 

1855 Baitey Mystic 109 Seeking .. Their own names, to 
the tribes each em ror'd, To magnify. 

E-mperorshi:p. [f. Emperorsé. + -suip.] The 
office ordignity of emperor; the reign of an emperor. 

1575 T. Rocers Sec. Coming Christ 23/1 Which ambi- 
ciously sought the Emperourship of al Italy. 1805 Month. 
Mag. XX. 147 Between the battle of Actium and the ac- 
ceptance of the emperorship. 1882 A thenzum 25 Feb. 247 
The last dozen years of his emperorship. 


+Empe'rson, v. nonce-wd. In 6 enperson. 
[f. En- + Person.] ¢vans. To unite with one’s 
personality. 


1548 Gest Pr. Masse 86 Christes body is not enpersoned 
in us, notwithstanding it is enbodied to us. 


Empery (empéri), s+. Now only oct. or 
rhetorical, Forms: 3-7 emperie, -ye, (6 em- 
bery, empory), 19 empiry, -ie, (7 empytie), 
6-empery. Cf. Impery. [a. OF. emperie (Littré 
s.v. empire), ad. L. imperium Empire.) 

+1. The status, dignity, or dominion of an em- 
peror. Obs. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 85 He ber forb com. And wende 


toward Rome to wynne beemperie. 1 Foxt A.§ M. 
(1596) 8/2 The excellencie of the R at By tn did ad. 
vance the popedom of the R bishop aboue other 


hath not_be fallen 
Speen Theat. Gt. Brit. xxix. 


$ Commw. 33 A larger Em 
potentate. 


1611 


ul, 36 A want Of something more, more than empery Of 

j &alaa H. Coussince Poems 16a "Tis all thy owns 
empery. 

+ Empery, v. Obs. rare—*. [f. prec. sb.] 

intr. To exercise supreme power; to lord it. 

Const. upon. 

1502 ArnoLpe Chron, (1811) 160 Alsoo emp’ryng vpon 

ful many cristen lordis. 


pesche, -sshe, obs. ff. Impxacu to hinder. 


H. Lesrrance KX, Charles 7 London + em- 
with a .. furious ae ay Cur. Pitt 
Epistles, Imit. Spenser (1810), Ne bitter impest the 


ppl. stem Zast-) to 
feed. (See the aphetic form PEstxEr.)] 

trans. To entangle. 

1601 Br, W. Bartow Defence 200 To i our in- 
closure within any maze ofempestered errors. x61x CotaR., 
sates 


é, imp ’ 4 

Empetrous (emp/tres), a. Zool. [f. Gr. ép- 
merp-os growing on rocks+-ous.] ‘A term ap- 
plied to animals like the seal, which have such 
short members or limbs that they lie directly upon 
the ground’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Empeyre, obs. f. Imparr v. 

+E-mphanist. Ods. rare—'. [ad. Gr. ép- 
aviar-ns informer.] An informer, professional spy. 
@ 1631 Donne A risteas (1833) 105 You meane the Emphan- 
ists, where the Margin says. . false reporters or Spies. 

| Emphase (ahfaz), sd. rare. The Fr. form 
of Empuasis. (Defined by Littré ‘ exaggeration 
in expression, tone, voice, or gesture’.) 

1882 Symonps in Macm. Mag. 323 We long.. for less 
emphase. Ibid. 327 The habitual emphase of his style. 
+Empha'se, v. Ods. (? nonce-wd.) [f. Em- 
vias) trans. ? To lay emphasis upon. 

1631 B. Jonson New /nn u. 1. (1692) 728, I.. bid you most 
welcome. Lady F, And I believe your most, my pretty 
Boy, Being so emphased by you. 

Emphasis (cmfisis). 7. emphases. [a. L. 
emphasis, a. Gr. €upacis (in senses 1 and 7 below), 
f. éupa(v-, éupaivey, mid. voice éupaivecba, f. 
in + paiv-ay to show, paivecGa to appear. 

I. The rhetorical sense, and senses derived from it. 

+1. (The Gr. and Lat. sense.) The use of lan- 


1589 PUTTENHAM 


in the emphasis of an " 1764 
Harmer Odéserv. iii. 8 There might be an emphasis in those 
words of Moses, which has not of late been at all understood. 

b. Special or important significance in a word 


—_— (cf. 4. 
Barnstey Lud. Lit, 213 Let them also be taught .. 
in what word the Emphasis lyeth. 

2. ew or intensity of statement or expres- 
sion. Now felt as ¢rans/. from 

1573 G. Harvey Lett.-Bk. (1884) 32 Tine veri causis .. he 
knew fully as wel as mi self, good emphasi 


a 
I warrant a Fornersy A theom. 1. (1622) 
x Lape eye dcr ‘agp 335 


churches, 1588 Suaxs. 7i#, A. 1. i. 201 Thou shalt 'o expresse, with a g m ible power 
_ ake poor vein aed p Bape ry Oe 1685 Stinuinort. Orig. Brit. ii. 51 ——a 
. In wider sense : ute dominion. greater to his Argument. 
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt, i. 21 Ryches, | Quincey Recoll. Lakes II. 9 She ceased to challenge 
honoure and emperye. 1g91 Drayton in Farr S. P. Elis. | notice by the emp of her 1872 Mortey 
(1845) I. 132 e only God of emperie and of might. Voltaire (1886) 122 He is the most trenchant writer in the 


1599 Suaks. /Yen. V, 1. ii. 226 Ruling in 


e and ample 


™ ves (1652) 11 


Ai Vitecies aad Raperiee wttcen by W 
ictories mperies gail ar. E 
Taytor Guide Devot. seen Ay Sets = free Trostcen 
podly, Empirie Of Sin, 1812 Trierm, m1, xxv, Coin'd 

ge of empery it [the gold] bare. 183 Pete Uni- 
more Vi. 291 Every Passion in its empery h laugh Re- 
morse to scorn, 1882 G. Macponatp in Good Words 154 
A wider love of empery, 

: te. In the sense of L. imperium: The autho- 
rity with which an officer or magistrate has been 
lawfully invested ; legitimate government. Ods. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 51 pilke dignitee clepi 
fae. A of consulers. ris Sree Hat Ge ore 
(1632) 504 To introduce that free Empery. 1642 Bripce 
Wound. Consc. Cured § 1. 10 If a Prince should .. change 
the form of the Common-weale from Empery to Tyranny. 

2. a. The territory ruled by an emperor. b. Tn 
wider sense: The territory of an absolute or power- 
ful ruler; also fig. 


world, yet there is not a sentence of strained 
overwrought antithesis. ( 
+ b. concr. An emphatic expression. Ods. rare—'. 
1606 Saas, Ant, § Cl. 1. v. 67 Be choak’d with such 
another 


em| or 


(1710) IT. Ess It oor an Emphasis and 


their Wick: D. Lioyp State Worthies 23 It's the 

emphasis of misery, to be too soon Aa 

Task v. 7 Are they not.. by an em of int'rest his? 
Euior Der. 1. x, 181 His .. +. Was 


indicate that it implies more than, or 
different from, what it normally or 
simply to mark its importance. (Cf. quot, 1612 


in 1b.) 


rsso Coxe Eng. §& Fr. Herald (1877) § 
+ conquered the winale empery. er he 


focus Kingd. | 


1613 R.C. Table Alph. (ed. 3) Emphasis, a forcible ex: 
Pressing. 1748 J. Masow Blocut. 26 distinguish 
any icul Wot Sentence, It ts called Emphasis, 


EMPHASIZE. 


19775 T. Suerman Lect. Art Readingi.§ 3 Mark the pauses 

‘emphases by the newsigns. 1849 Dickens Dav. Coff. 
iii, Peggotty said, with er emphasis than usual, that, etc. 
1875 jowetr Pilato (ed. 2) V. 15 The emphasis is wrongly 


P rn Sante 

b. Manner of placing the ‘emphasis’ in speak- 
ing or reading. 

1725 Br. Derry in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 450 IV. 338 Upon 
the Delivery of the enclosed speech from the Throne(which 
was done with as graceful an emphasis as I ever heard). 

5. tvansf. ‘Stress’ laid upon, importance as- 
signed to, a particular fact or idea. 

we 5 L’Estrance Answ. Diss. 37 A Flower not to be 
pass’d over without an Emphasis. | 1805 Med. Fru. XIV. 
61 My laying emphasis on the previous effect of the vaccine 
inoculation. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Goethe Wks. 
(Bohn) I. 384 The emphasis of conversation, and of public 

inion, commends the practical man. 1870 — Soc. § Sodit. 
Wks. (Bohn) III. 49 Let not the emphasis of hospitality lie 
inthese things. 1863 Gro. Evior Romola (1880) I. 1. xvi. 222 
A slight matter, not worth dwelling on with any emphasis. 

6. Prominency, sharpness of contour. 

1872 Brackiz Lays Highi. Introd. 22 You never saw a 
Ben rising bolt poright with a more distinct emphasis. 
1877 — Lang. § Lit. Scot. Hight. The bones which mark the 
features..lose their emphasis. 1885 Harper's Mag. Mar. 
526/2 An. .oriel-window, the base of which is formed by a 
gradual a, a of the brick wall. 

+II. 7. An optical illusion, mere appearance. 
Obs. rare—'. 

1653 WHARTON Disc. Comets Wks. (1683) 156 Some think 
Comets. .a meer Emphasis or Apparency. 

Emphasize (emfasaiz),v. Also -ise. [f. Em- 
PHAS-IS + -IZE.] ¢vans. To impart emphasis to 
(anything) ; to lay stress upon (a word or phrase 
in speaking) ; to add force to (speech, arguments, 
actions, etc.); to lay stress upon, bring into 
special prominence (a fact, idea, feature in a re- 
presentation, etc.). 

1828 in Wenster. 1845 Dickens Cricket on Hearth iii. 
(Househ. ed.) 106 This philanthropic wish Miss Slowboy 
emphasized with various new raps and kicks at the door. 
1835 W. A. Nicuotts Nat. Draw. Master 8 Accustoming 
the hand to emphasize strokes in every possible variety of 
manner. 186. THACKERAY /itz-Boodle’s Prof. Misc. Works 
IV. 18 My conversion made some noise. . being emphasised 
as it were by this fact. 1865 Tytor Zarly Hist. Man. iii. 
44 Gesticulation goes along with speech to. .emphasize it. 
1869 OusELEY Counterp. xix. 156 When the change to the 
tonic, or dominant .. is emphasized. .by a longer note than 
the rest. 1871 Browninc Pr. Hohenst, 432 The Present 
with .. Its indistinctness emphasized, 1882 Howe ts in 
Longm. Mag. 1. 45 The spruces and firs .. emphasise the 
nakedness of all the other trees. 1883 FroupE Short Stud, 
IV. 1. iv. 215 The emphasis of phrases may remain, but the 
point emphasised has been blunted. 

Hence E-mphasized /#/. a. 

1855 W. A. Nicuotts Nat. Drawing Master 8 The pro- 
duction of emphasized strokes. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. 
Leight. 884 And talked with measured, emphasised reserve. 

‘mp. . Also 7 emphasie [as if. a. Gr. 
*tupaota, f. éupa-: see EMPHASIS.] = EMPHASIS. 

1612 Brinsey Pos. Parts (1669) 55 Or else for more em- 
. that is, for speaking more significantly. 1656 in 

LOUNT Glossogr. 1692 in Cotes. 

Emphatic (emfetik), a. [ad. Gr. guparin-ds 

var. of éupayrixds), f. éupa(v-: see EMPHASIS.] 

haracterized by, or imparting, emphasis. 

1. Of language, modes of statement or representa- 
tion; also of tones, gesture, etc.: Forcibly ex- 
pressive. 

1708 Kersey, Emphatick, utter'd witha , significant, 
forcible. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 363 ® 4 The intercession of 
the Messiah is conceived in very Emphatic sentiments and 
Expressions. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 111. 249 
Anemphatic emblem, 1836 J. Gitsert Chr. A tonem. viii. 
(1852) 227 The emphatic representation of Scripture, 1845 
S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref, 111. 221 He declared in the 
most emphatic manner, that it was a. .duty to oppose the.. 
Turks, 1847 Grote Greece (1862) III. xxxix. 4o5 An em- 
phatic passage of. . AZschylus. 

b. Of a word or syllable: That bears the stress 
in pronunciation. Also (rarely) as quasi-sé. in 
pl.= a ewesg syllables’. 

1815 J. Grant in Month. Mag. XX XIX. 118 The same 
care .. the moderns devote to that of their emphatics and 
unemphatics, 1837-9 Hatvam Hist. Lit, (1847) I. 29 The 
accented or .. emphatic syllables. 

e. Gram. Emphatic particle: one used to im- 
part emphasis to the roa of the sentence in 
which it occurs. Zmphatic state: an inflexion of 
the sb. in Aramaic, having a function somewhat 
resembling that of the definite article. 

2. Of persons: That expresses himself with 
emphasis of voice, cave. or language. 

1760 R. Ltoyp Actor Wks. (1774) I. 16 None emphatic can 
that actor call, Who lays an equal emphasis on all. 178 
Cowrrr Conversation 269 The emphatic speaker dearly 
loves to opp In t inconvenient, nose to nose, 
1837 Dickens Pickw, (1847) 272/1 The business. .was com- 
menced by a little emphatic man. 1866 Gro. Etior /, 
Holt (1868) 29 Mr. Lingon was equally emphatic. 

8. Of actions or their effects: Strongly marked, 
forcible, ‘telling’. 

1846 Prescott Ferd. & Zs. I. xi. a9 Still more emphatic 
honours were conferred on the Count de Cabra. 1872 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 2 One of the emphatic manifesta- 
tions of some ion of the minds of men. 1873 Burton 
Hist. Scot. V1.\xx.199They threatened to show their opinion 
in emphatic shape, 


127 


Emphatical (emfetikal), a. rave in mod. use, 
Also 7 emphaticall. [f. as prec. +-AL.] 

+1. That implies more than is directly expressed ; 
allusive, suggestive. (Cf. EmMpHasis 1.) Obs. 

a 1558 Latimer Serm. §& Rem. (1845) 274 Chrysostom hath 
many figurative speeches and emphatical locutions. a@ 1682 
Sir T. Browne 7vacts 24 The expression of Scripture is 
more emphatical than is commonly apprehended. 1702 Exg. 
Theophrast. 337 Great things must be delivered plainly, an 
7 ene tone would spoil all. 1775 Apair Amer. /nd. 
56 It is an emphatical and emblematical term to express 
evil, by the negative of good. R 

2. Of speech or writing: Strongly expressive, 
forcible, pointed. Of a word: That has special 
importance in the sentence; hence, that receives 
the stress in pronunciation. 

1577 Harrison England u. xxv. 1. 362 Hir owne image 
and emphaticall superscription. 1630 Bratuwait Zug. 
Gentil, (1641) 221 This..forced from that..Father this em- 
phaticall discourse. 1713 Guardian No. 79 The emphatical 
expression of praise and blame. 1748 J. Mason Elocut. 26 
And the emphatical Words. .in a Sentence are those which 
carry a Weight or Importance in themselves. 1818 Jas. 
Mitt Brit. India I. 1v. ix. 288 Used so many and such 
emphatical terms to impress a belief, that, etc, 1824 L. 
Murray Eng. Gram. 1. 185 Other words. .may begin with 
capitals, when they are remarkably emphatical. 

b. That is designated emphatically or ‘far 


excellence’. Obs. 

1644-52 J. SmitH Se?. Disc. vt. iv. (1821) 348 The time of 
that emphatical revelation of the great mystery of God. 
1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus II. 500 The Emphaticall 
decussation or fundamental figure. 1758S. Haywarp Servm. 
— 484 The day of Christ’s appearance is. .the emphatical 

ay. . 

+e. Of or pertaining to emphasis. Obs. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef, vui.x. 357 They were mis- 
taken in the Emphaticall apprehension. 2 

3. Of actions, sentiments, etc.: Forcible, strongly 
marked. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 436 We..apply.. 
improper and borrowed speeches to make the matter seem 
more emphaticall. 1765 Law tr. Behmen’s Myst. Magnunt 
xxxii. (1772) 168 Here we have a very excellent and em- 

hatical example. a@178g9 Burney H7st. Aus. (ed. 2) II. 
lv. 273 Musicians .. whe .. ornament their persons in the 
most emphatical manner. | 1805 Foster “ss, 1, vii. 108 
Some .. brand of emphatical reprobation. 

4. Ofaperson: That uses emphasis in speech or 
action ; that speaks or acts in a pointed and forcible 


manner. 

1606 Six G. Goosecappe 1. i, in Bullen Old P2. III. 10 
My Captaine is the Emphaticall man. 1631 GouGr God's 
Arrows Vv. i. 375 In setting downe this he is also very em- 
phaticall. 1 Mitton £7kon. 31 On this Theam the King 
was emphatical and elaborate, 1678 ‘I’. Jorpan 777. Lond. 
in Heath Grocers’ Comp. (1869) 528 Pleased with .. the 
promptitude of the emphatical speaker. 1831 CartyLe 
Misc, (1857) 11. 237 Dame Ute bids her not be tooemphatical. 

+II. 5. [cf. Empuasis 7.) Of colours: Merely 
apparent, illusory. Ods. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi, ix. 322 That there isan 
emphaticall orapparent rednesseinone. 1663 BoyLe Colours 
(J.), Emphatical colours are light itself modified by refrac- 
tions. 1708 Kersey, Emphatical or apparent colours, those 
which are often seen in clouds; before the Rising, or after 
the setting of the Sun,etc. 1721-1800 in BalLey. 

Empha'tically, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly.2] 

1. In an emphatic or forcible manner or sense ; 
with emphasis ; decidedly, decisively. 

1584 FENNER Def. Ministers (1587) 69 Saying empheti- 
callie, he determined. 1628 Earte Microcosm. \vi. 152 And 
then they emphatically rail, and are emphatically beaten. 
1663 CowLey Verses § Ess.(1669) 128 The Rich poor Man’s 
Emphatically Poor. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 147 P 2, I heard 
the Service read..so emphatically, and so fervently. 1756 
Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. 1842 I. 9 It is always so; 
but was here emphatically so. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. 
I, 258 Striking his cane emphatically on the ground. 1830 
Foster in Life & Corr, (1846) II. 184 The most emphatically 
evangelical piety. me Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. 
xvii. 58 William the Tyrant, as the local historian emphati- 
cally calls him. 

+2. In a pregnant manner, allusively, sugges- 
tively. Os. Cf. EMPHASIS 1. 

1658-9 T. WaLL Char. Enemies Ch. 18 Which Samuel 
does here emphatically insinuate. 1678 CupwortH /x/e/?. 
Syst. 410 He often useth those words also emphatically, 
for ‘One only supreme God’, 

+3. In appearance, as opposed to ‘in reality’ or 
‘in fact’; cf, EmpHAsis 7. Ods. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. ii. 235 What is delivered 
of their incurvitie, must..bee taken Emphatically, that is, 
not really but in Se aR 1679 PLor Staffordsh. (1686) 
127 Not emphatically, like the colours in a glass Prisme., 
but solidly and Seay. 1775 in Asn. 

+ Empharticalness. Oés. rare. [f. Empua- 
TICAL @. + -NESS.] The quality of being empha- 
tical; = EMPHASIS 2. 

a 1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 166 Now this 
could not be expressed in more emphaticalness of words, 
1668 Jer. Cottier Several Discourses (1725) 246 But then 
*tis imply’d in the Emphatical of the Expr i 

Emphisode: see EMpHYsopE. 

Empholite (emfd leit). Min. fe (by Igel- 
strom 1883) Gr. éudwdevew to lurk in + -1TE.] 
Hydrous silicate of alumina, found in Sweden in 


minute radiated crystals. 

1883 Amer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. ut, XXVI. 156 Empholite. 
occurs mixed with cyanite, and in cavities in schistose 
damornite. 


EMPIEM., 


Emphractic (emfre‘ktik), @. and sb. Med. 
[ad. Gr. éuppaxrinés, f. éupparrew to obstruct.] 

A. adj. Having power to obstruct. 

Bg in Cuampers Cyc/. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. 
icts. 

B. sb. A medicine which shuts up the pores of 
the skin. 

1678 in Puittirs (Emphrastical in 1706). 
1847 in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Emphra‘ctical, a. Med. Obs. rare. [f. prec. 
+-AL.] = prec. adj. 

1657 Tomuinson Renou’s Disp. 124 All are not emphrac- 
tical or such as fill the pores with their lentor. 

Emphrensy, obs. var. ENFRENZY. 

| Emphysema (emfisz‘ma). Jed. Also ?9 
emphysem. [mod.L., a. Gr. éupvonpa inflation, 
f. éupvod-ev to puff up.] ‘The swelling of a part 
caused by the presence of air in the interstices of 
the connective tissue’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. §& Min. 329 The emphysema 
or inflation thereof, which is a swelling, caused by external 
causes, 1764 Watson in Phil. Trans. LIV. 242 The dis- 
order..was made infinitely worse by the emphysema. 1828 
Wesster, Emphysema, emphysem. 1883-4 Med. Ann. 40/2 
Asthma. .accompanied by emphysema. 

Emphysematose (emfis/‘matdus), a. Med. 
[f. Gr. éupvonpat- stem of prec. + -OSE.] =next. 

1776 Phil. Trans. LXVI. 432 When I struck it with my 
a it returned an emphysematose sound. 

mphysematous (emfisi‘matas), a. Med. 
[f. as prec. + -ous.] Of the nature of or like 
emphysema ; pertaining to emphysema. 

1764 Watson in Phil, Trans. LIV. 241 The whole sub- 
stance of the lungs was in a state truly emphysematous. 
1870 A. Fuint Physiol. Man viii. (1873) 235 Some observers 
have found the corresponding lung. .emphysematous. 

+ E‘mphysode, a. Med. Obs. rave—'. [ad. 
mod.L. emphysodes, a. Gr. *éuptowdns character- 
ized by blisters, f. éupuvod-ev to puff up.] 

In Emphisode fever: transl. of Emphysodes febrts 
(see quot. 1731). 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health cxliii. 53 In Englyshe it is 
named the Emphisode fever. [1731 BatLey, Avphysodes 
Jebris (with Physicians) a vehement heat in fevers, which 
causes pustules and inflammation in the mouth.] 1775 in 
AsuH. 

+ Emphyteu‘ciary. Ods. vave—}. [f. L. em- 
Phyteust-s + -ARY.] = EMPHYTEUTICARY. 

1676 R, Dixon Two Testaments 24 They have..right..to 
become. .Emphyteuciaries, Vassals, or otherwise. 

Emphyteusis (emfitiz'sis). aw. Also 8 em- 
pheuteusis. [a. L. emphyteusis, a. Gr. éupvrevars 
of same meaning ; lit. ‘implanting’, f. éuuret-ev 
to implant.) ‘A perpetual right in a piece of 
land that is the property of another’ (Stubbs). 

@ 1618 RALEGH in Gutch Cod. Cur. I, 71 Emphyteusis is 
..a contract, whereby any moveable thing is granted, to be 
enjoyed under acertain rent, reserved to thegrantor. 1818 
Haram Mid. Ages (1841) I, i. 132 The usufruct or emphy- 
teusis of the Roman code. 1875 Bryck Holy Rom. Emp. 
viii. (ed. 5) 131 The divided ownership of feudal law found its 
analogies in the Roman tenure of emphyteusis. 1878 G. 
Marriott tr. Laveleye’s Prini. Property 51 An emphyteusis 
or hereditary lease. 

|| Emphyteuta (emfitizta). Zaw. [a. L. em- 
phyteuta, ad. Gr. éuputevrys in same sense, f. éu- 
purev-ev; see prec.} ‘A tenant of land which 
was subject to a fixed perpetual rent’ (Maine). 

1708 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1775 in AsH. 1875 
Poste Gaius 1. (ed. 2) 167 The proprietor had a reversion 
on failure of the heirs of the emphyteuta. 

Emphyteutic (emfitiztik), 2. Zaw. Also 
7 emphyteutike, -tick, 8 emfiteutic. [ad. L. em- 
phyteutic-us in same sense, f. Gr. éupured-ew : 
see EMPHYTEUSIS.] Of the nature of, or held by, 
EMPHYTEUSIS. 

1651 Howett Venice 148 Goods Ecclesiastic holden as 
Emphyteutike. 1656in Blount Glossogy. 1768 BLACKSTONE 
Comm. III. 232 A tenant ..might be ejected from such 
emphyteutic lands. 1787 J. Townsenp Yourn. Spain (1792) 
III. 328 By the emfiteutic contract the great proprietor.. 
has power to grant any given quantity [of land] for a term 
of years. 1880 MurrHeap /ustit. Gaius 550 Emphyteutic 
grants of lands by a municipality. 


+Emphyteu'tical, 2. Zaw. Obs. rare—'. 
[f. as prec. +-AL.] = prec. 
a 1618 Ratecu in Gutch Col/. Cur, I. 71 It shall be an 


emphiteutical contract. 

+Emphyteuticary. Law. Obs. rare, [ad. L. 
emphyteuticart-us = emphyteuta.| = EMPHYTEUTA, 

@ 1656 Hates Serm. at Eton (1672) 11 We..may be some 
emphyteuticaries, or farmers, or usufructuaries. 1656 
Biount Glossogr., Emphyteuticary, he that maketh a thing 
better than it was when he received it, that raiseth his rents 
or improves. 1677 in CoLes; and in mod. Dicts, 

Empicture (empi‘ktitir). Also 6 en-, 9 im- 
picture. [f. Ey-+Prorure.] ¢vans. To represent 
in a picture, portray. 

1520-30 SKELTON Gari, Laurel 892 Zeuxes, that enpic- 
tured fare Elene. 1814 Cary Dante (Chandos) 22 r 
impictured lineaments. 1850 Biackie AX schylus i. 123 
Behold..The wild beasts of the woods by thine own hand 
Empictured. 

+E-mpiem. J/ed. Os. Anglicized f. Empyema. 

1598 Syivester Du Bartas 209 The spawling Empiem.. 
With foule impostumes fills his hollow chant. 


1775 in Asn. 


EMPIERCE. 


se, impierce (em-, impiess), z. 

Also 6 empierse, empeirce, enpearce, imperse. 

ff -, In- + PIERCE v.] trans. To pierce 
keenly; to transfix. /t. and fig. 

. Proctor Gorg. Gallery, Pyramus & Th., Sweete 
pendant, now in brest Impersid. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. 
4 Ful. 1. iv. 19 I am too sore enpearced with his shaft, To 
soare with his light feathers. 1593 NasHe Christ's T.(1613) 
129 To arte-enamel your speech to empeirce..soules. 162% 
Quartes Esther § 10 Like painted swords They near im- 
pierc’d Queen Esthers tender heart. 1642 H. More Song of 

h noise, 


cage 


128 


{{imanack 297 The approximate population of the British 

pire is NOW 321,000,000, 

bD. The Empire: before 184 (and subsequently 

in Hist. use) often spec. the ‘Holy Roman’ or 

: a aay Pa ey i. § 100. 468/2 Rodol- 

reaper gone sar aggre «hee pa 
i De For Alem, Cavalier (1840) 35 The gene- 


6. trans/, (Cf. realm.) 


Soud 1. m1. v, The vast thumps of s noise, 
Em ag ——— 1751 } ones ee Educ. Rate | His] 
tender Breast Empierced deep with sympathizing Teen. 
- Fraser's Mag. U1. 89 The horrible thorns empierced 
the bone. 

b. intr. 

31814 Cary Dante (Chandos ed.) 147 Th gh the orbs of 
all, A thread of wire, impiercing, knits them up. 

Hence Empie‘rced, Empie'rcing ///. adjs. 

1604 Drayton Moyses (L.), He feels those secret and 
impiercing flames, 1612 — Poly-olb. xxii. (1748) 341 The 
brinish tears drop’d down on mine impierced ally 
Bentowes Theoph. xin. xlv, O, let our fleshly barks still 
ride At anchor in calm streams of His empierced side. 


+Empi‘ght, v. Ods. Also 4 enpight. The 
pa. t.and pa. pple. of *empitch [f. Ex- + Prrcu z.]. 

1. “vans. Fixed in, implanted. 

cx400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 273 b/2 In you is so mokel 
werking vertues enpight. PENSER F, Q. 111. v. 20 Ex- 
ceeding griefe that wound in him empight. 1642 H. More 
Song of Soul u. iii, u. xlv, Nothing is empight In it. 
1 . THompson Hymn to May [an imitation of Spenser] 
nui, Full suddenly the seeds of joy recure Elastic spring, 
and force within empight. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1847 in 
Craic; and in mod. Dicts, 

2. intr. for refl. 

1596 SpenseR /, Q. u. iv. 46 He..ere it empight In the 
meant marke, advaunst his shield atween. 

Empire (empoiex), sd. Forms: 3 anpyre, 
empyere, 4 empir, (impire, imparre), 4-5 em- 
per(e, 4-6 empyr(e, 4— empire. [a. F. empire :— 
L. imperium in same sense ; related to zmperdre 
to command, whence zmperdtor EMPEROR. 

Owing partly to historical circumstances, and partly to the 
sense ofthe etymological connexion between the two words, 
empire has always had the specific sense ‘rule or territory 
of an Emreror ’as well as the wider meaning which it derives 
from its etymology.] Set 

Imperial rule or dignity. 

1. Supreme and extensive political dominion ; 
esp. that exercised by an ‘emperor’ (in the earlier 
senses ; see EMPEROR I, 2), or by a sovereign state 
over its dependencies. 

c1325 E. £. Allit. P. B. 1332 For alle his empire so hize 
in erpe is he grauen. a@ 1, Know Thyselfin E. E. P. 
(1862) 132 Pau3 pou haue kyngdam and empyre. c 1 
Three Kings Cologne 18 Octauianus..in pe 3eer of his 
Empire XLII. 1535 CoverpaLe 2 Chron. xxxvi. 20 They 
became his seruauntes..tyll the Persians had the empyre. 
1 PutrenHam Eng. Poesie 1. xxiii. (Arb.) 60 Your 
Maiestie haue shewed yourselfe..vertuous and worthy of 
Empire. 1681 Nevite Pla/o Rediv. Pref., Many Treatises 
.-alledged..That Empire was founded in Property. 1711 
Pore Temp. Fame 347 And swam to empire thro’ the purple 
flood. 1821 Byron Sardan.|. i. (1868) 350 Thirteen hundred 
years Of empire ending like a shepherd’s tale. 1845 Sroc- 
QuELER Handbk. Brit, India (1854) 7 From this hour (1757) 
establishment of the British empire in India may be 

ated. 

2. transf. and fig. Paramount influence, absolute 
sway, Supreme command or control. 

c1325 E, LE. Allit. P. A_454 My lady. .haldez be empyre 
ouer vus ful hy3e, 1579 Furxe Confut. Sanders 628 What 
Empyre hath Master Sander in Grammer. 1601 SHAkKs. 
Alls Well 1. i, 72 Thy blood and vertue Contend for Em- 

ire in thee. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 114 To deifie his power 
Who from the terrour of this Arm so late Doubted his 
1752 Hume £ss. & Treat. (1777) I. 182 The 
empire of philosophy extends over a few. 1838 Lytron 
Alice 129 You know the strange empire you have obtained 
overme, 1886 Stevenson 7veasure [s/. 1. xiv. 113 Silence 
had re-established its empire. 

3. The dignity or position of an emperor; also, 
+ the aie of an emperor (ods.) ; = EMPERORSHIP. 

1606 G. Woonvcocke tr. //ist. Justine Kk 3b, He died .. 
in the fiftene year ofhisempire, 1844 Lincarp Angh-Sax, 
Ch. (1858) I. i. 6 Elevation of Constantine to the Empire. 

4. A government in which the sovereign has the 
title of emperor. 

1834 [see Emptoyé]. 1850 Merivace (¢it/e) A History of 
the Romans under the Empire. 1866 Crowe Hist. France 
xliii. (¢/t#e) The Consulate and the Empire. Mod. The 
history of France under the Second Empire. 

II. That which is subject to imperial rule. 

5. An extensive territory (esf. an aggregate of 
many separate states) under the sway of an em- 
peror or supreme ruler; also, an aggregate of 
subject territories ruled over by a sovereign state. 

1297 R. Giouc. Gres) 733 All — were of hys anpyre. 
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 6 Adelard of Westsex was 
kyng of be Empire. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 282 God hath 

him .. his | empire. Lybeaus Disc. 843 
A sercle..Of stones and of golde, The best yn that enpyre. 
1606 Suaxs. Ant. § Cl. 1. i. 34 Let the wide Arch of the 
raing’d Empire fall. 1735 Burke Sf. Conc. Amer. Wks. ILI, 
pte say is the aggregate of many states under one com- 
mon head, 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 348 The position 


Empire. 


Peru. i. 5 fishers..from their watery empire recol- 
lect All that ma saan Sppeorecs wen danaett aan. 


ted as Empire of x 
ACKENZIE Man Wi 1, i, (1823) 241 Liberal minds val 
delight in extending the empire of virtue. 1821 SHELLEY 
Prometh, Unb, 1. 15 Scorn and despair—these are mine 


ba . 

7. A country of which the sovereign owes no 

allegiance to any foreign superior. 
_ 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 12 This realme of England 
isan Impire. 1765 BLackstone Comm. I. 242 The legisla- 
ture. .uses..empire..to assert that our king is..sovereign 
and independent within these his dominions. 

III. 8. attrib. and Comb. as empire-plan, 
-race, etc.; (in matters of dress, of the first Napo- 
leonic empire.) Empire City, State: in U.S. aname 
for the City and the State of New York. 

1851 Gentl. Mag. CXXI. 1. 54 God bless’d the empire- 
tree which thou didst plant. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel 
ii. 66 The great empire-plan of Alexander. 1878 Mor.ey 
Condorcet 52 Its desire to an empire-race. 1887 
Academy 18 June 440/1 She wore, of course, an Empire 
dress. 1888 Weldon's Ilust. Dressmaker Dec., The Empire 
and Directoire styles are steadily increasing in popularity. 

+ E-mpire, v. Os. Also impire, em-, im- 
pyre. [f. prec. sb.] z#tr. To rule absolutely as 
an emperor. Const. adove, of, on. 

1556 Calvin's Com. vey Bk. in Phenix (1708) Il. 217 
Strangers again empire above us. 1594 Carew 7asso (1881) 
75 At pleasure now on starres empyreth he. a1605 Mont- 
GOMERIE Sonn. xxxi, Thy sprit .. spurris thee .. abone the 
es to impyre. 1599 Jas. I. BaotA, Awpov (1682) 71 

our wrath empyring over your owne passion. Hey- 
woop Dial, xiii. s. 1874 VI. 225, I empir’d o’re All Caria. 

Empire, var. of EMpPYRE a., empyrean. 

+ E-mpiredom. 0s. rare—'. [f. Emre sé. 
+-pom.] = Empire IT. 

1591 Horsey 7rav. (1857) 158 He.. assumed to himself 
two severall crowns and empirdoms. 

Empiric (empirik), a. and sb. Forms: 6-7 
emperic, -ike, -ique, -yke, empirike, -ique, 
-yke, empyrick, -yke, 7-8 emperick(e, em- 
pirick(e, empric(k(e, 6- empiric ; also 6 im- 
pericke. [ad. L. empiricus, Gr. tumepix-ds, f. ép- 
meipia experience, f. éumepos skilled, f. év in + weipa 
trial, experiment. In 17th c. usually (empirik).] 

iB we = Emprrica in various senses. (The 
use as sd, occurs earlier in Eng., and the adjectival 
senses are chiefly derived from it.) 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. 8 It is accounted an errour, to 
commit a naturall bodie to Emperique Phisitions. Se. 4 
Drumm. or Hawtn. Yas. V Wks. (1711) 90 This empyric 

to cure the wounds OF the 


©1440 York Myst. x\vi. 200 dere ge Be I passe to be 
i Pilger. Perf. (W.deW. )69 Called 
ee cee oe 


balm could the French appl 
Scottish common-wealth. Mitton P. L. v. 440 B 
fire Of sooty coal the Empiric Alchimist Can turn .. 

of drossiest Ore to perfet Gold. a@1700 Drypen (L.), Bold 
counsels .. Like empirick remedies .. last are try’d. 1787 
Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 43 They are only empiric, and not 
founded upon the theory and principles of gravitation. 1815 
Scribbleomania 76 Empiric pigmies may prate about straws, 
1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant u. v. 286 The combination of 
sensitive states by an empiric law of association. 


. 5b. 

1. A member of the sect among ancient physi- 
cians called Emfirict (’Epmetpucot), who (in oppo- 
sition to the Dogmatici and Methodict) drew their 
tules of practice entirely from experience, to the 
exclusion of philosophical theory. 

154r R. Coprann Galyen's Terap. 2 Gij, The whiche 
th the Emperykes vnderstande by onely experyence, 
1601 Hottann Pliny II. 344 Another faction and sect of Phy- 
sitians, who. .called themselues Empiriques. 1605 TimMe 

it. Leg Among Physitians there are Empericks, 

icks, Methodici, or Abbreuiators, and Paracelsians, 

J. Kemi Anim. Econ. Pref. 30 The Doctrine of the 

ery which despises all Reasoning. 1805 Med. ¥rni. 

XIV. 446 The ancient empirics were peculiarly eminent for 
their talent of observation, _ 

b. One who, either in medicine or in other 
branches of science, relies solely upon observation 
and experiment. Also fg. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens vi. vi. 665 Broomrape is counted of 
apne quartet Ss) .. for an ent medi- 
cine. 1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3), Emperick, he that 
hath all his skill in phisicke by "tga Roaeeraan 


Lect. i, 11 A mere empiric in political legislation. 
Hate /n His Name vill. 65 The Florentine would be called 


only an empiric by the science of to-day, 1877 E. Carp 
Philos. Kant v. 100 The animals are pure emp 
2. An untrained practitioner in physic or sur- 


of i Pasa to the a towns of the a 
1852 TENNYSON on Deat llington Bury 
Great Duke with an empire’s t 1887 Whitaker's 


EMPIRICALLY. 
x6or Suaks. A/?’s Well u1. i. 125 We must not corrupt our 


hope, To prostitute our past-cure malladie To empericks. 
x62x Burton Anat. Mel. u. i. 1v. i, There be many moun- 
Empericks, in street. @ 
Lioyp C. Churchill Poet. Wks. 1774 rd 85 = 
Critic differ but in name. Empirics frontless both, they 
mean the same. 1806 Med. Frul. XV. 369 
are another set of i Browninc Paracelsus 


te hey are hooting the emp ¢ ignorant and incap- 


b. ¢ransf. A pretender, , charlatan. 
yf. i age Mage ao 


iption. 1817 


CoLERIDGE Serm, 36 are the political empirics, 
ischi ie B adh mot asec Ym it 


r Prop: ? 


in ‘ion to presumption. 
3. Comb. empiric-like adj. and adv. 
1620 MELTon Astrolog. 9 He bo tog this Emperike like 


Oration. a 5 
p’rick like applies To each . chance remedies. 

Empirical (empirikal), 2. Forms: 6-7 em- 
pericall, 7-8 empyrical, 7- empirical. [f. prec. 
+ -AL. 

1. Med. a. Of a physician: That bases his 
methods of practice on the results of observation 
and experiment, not on scientific theory. b. Of 
a remedy, a rule of treatment, etc.: That is 
adopted because found (or believed) to have been 
successful in practice, the reason of its efficacy 
being unknown. ‘+ Also as quasi-sd, in £/. =‘ em- 
pirical remedies’. 

1569 J. Sa[nrorp] Agriffa's Van. Artes 140 b, Empericall, 
that is to saie, that consisteth in practise, of experimentes. 
1612 Woopa.t Surg. Mate Wks. (1653), Medicine composed 
by a Chymicall, Methodicall, or Empericall Surgeon. 1656 
Ruweiey Pract. Physick 26 Empiricalls are ; Earth-worms 
— divers wayes. 1685 Evetyn Mem. (1857) II. 216 

e had a laboratory, and knew of man: pirical i- 
cines. 1830 Macxintosu Eth. Philos. 1846 I. 136 
oP ge 

le 1 ‘AR vact, e e 
Empir al res. -observations of what pate good rbot 
for healt 

2. That practises physic or surgery without 
scientific knowledge; that is guilty of quackery. 
Also of medicines : That is of the nature of a quack 
nostrum, Cf. Emprric B. 2. 

a@1680 Butter Rem. (1759) 11. 304 A Pedlar of Medicines 
.. and Tinker empirical to the Body of Man. 3839 James 
Louis XIV, 1V. 3 Empirical 's for the cure of various 
diseases. 1840 H. AinswortH TZower Lond. (1864) 66 
When all the physicians of the royal household were dis- 
missed, and the duke sent messengers for empirical aid, 

3. In matters of art or practice: That is guided 
by mere experience, without scientific knowledge ; 
also of methods, expedients, etc. Often in oppro- 
brious sense ¢vansf. from 2: Ignorantly presump- 
tuous, resembling, or characteristic of, a charlatan. 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 183 ? 13, 1 have avoided .. 
that..empirical morality, which cures one vice by means of 
another. 1793 Hotcrort Lavater’s Physiog. xxix. 136 We 
are all more or less empirical i 1825, 
MeCuttocn Pol. Econ. 1. 42 Their arguments .. had some- 
what of an empirical aspect. 1861 Goscuen For. Exch. 84 
The application of hasty and empirical measures. 2 
Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 317 The great majority of acci- 
dents are. .the results of empirical management. i : 

4. Pertaining to, or derived from, experience. 
pain, fg oe Jaw: see quot. 1846. Lmpirical for- 
mula: in Mathematics, a formula arrived at in- 
ductively, and not verified by deductive proof; in 
Chemistry, a formula which merely enumerates 
the ultimate constituents of a compound in any 
convenient order, without impl any theory of 
the mode in which they are See 

The 


of ta a Earl bat 

t out 
observation. "798 Month, Rev. XXV. 585 His ated 
acquaintance works of taste is not ive. 
1829 Nat. Philos.1. Mechanics m. v. 18 (Usef. Know. Ser.) 
By an empirical formula is meant one that is ived or 
invented without is or demonstration. 1830 Sir 


an 
. Herscner Stud. Nat. Phil. 71 If the knowledge be merely 
pn ta experience, the art is empirical. 1834 Mrs. 
SomervitLe Connex. Phys. Sc. viii. (1849) 70 An empirical 
law observed by Baron , in mean distances of the 
ets. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Lect. (1877) II. xxi. 26 


be resolvable into simpler law: y into 
them. 1850 Dauseny Atom. Th. ix. (ed. 2) 297 SO8+KO 
ula of the salt called sul of 


is the rational form 
potass: S, Ot, K the em 5 a oe 
v. 385 The empirical corroboration of his doctrine by direct 


riment, 
“Empirically, adv. [f. prec. + -LY..] Inan 
empirical manner. 
1. After the manner of an empiric or quack- 


doctor. ..: 
Bratuwarr Wh Al k-maker, He ha’s 

Fig le of physician. .and can most empyrically 

Sossine of toe ete ot rene eae 1643 Six T. 

Relig. Med. 1, § 31 His ¢ le - 

tise without his advice. 1872 F. Dis. Women 

(ed. 3) 64 The advice is too often given ' 


EMPIRICALNESS. 


“2. Fy means of observation and experiment. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. xii. 334 For wee shall 
emperically and sensibly discourse hereof, 64 PowEr avg. 
Philos. 11. 192 Philosophy .. will Empirically and Sensibly 
canvass the Phenomena of Nature. 10 COLERIDGE 
Friend (1865) 23 A schoolmaster is under the necessity of 
teaching a certain rule in simple arithmetic empirically. 
1879 tr. Du Moncel Telephone 52, 1 sought .. to discover 
empirically the exact effect of each element. 

Lwin sacalnegs, Obs. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being empirical. 

1 W. ve Rann Short Meth. of Surg., Not being 
offended at the appearance of Empiricalness in the dis- 
course. 

Empiricism (empitisiz’m). [f. Emerric + 
-1sM.] The method or practice of an empiric. 

1. Med. Practice founded upon experiment and 
observation; ignorant and unscientific practice ; 
quackery. Also ¢ransf. : 

1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 245 The Chymistry of 
the Galenical Tribe is a ridiculous..and..dangerous Em- 
pericism. 1756C. Lucas Ess, Waters II. 47 The art became 
debased with empiricism. 179x Macxintosu Vind. Gall, 
Wks, 1846 III. 148 ‘The practical claim of impeachment’.. 
is the most sorry juggle of political empiricism.. 1880 Sir 
J. Fayrer in Nature XXI. 231 The empiricism of to-day is 
more scientific than it was in former days, 

2. a. The use of empirical methods in any art or 
science. b. Philos, The doctrine which regards 
experience as the only source of knowledge. 

1803 Edin. Rev. 1. 257 Made acquainted with the division 
of empiricism and rationalism. 1817 Jas. Mit Brit. India 
I, 1. ix. 399 Mere observation and empiricism, not even the 
commencement of science. 1872 Minto Eng. Lit. u. viii. 

47 The empiricism popularly associated with the name of 
| iy 188r Huxtey in Mature No. 615. 343 All true 
science begins with empiricism. _ ie 

3. concr. A conclusion arrived at on empirical 
grounds. 

1846 Mitt Logic m1. xiii. § 5 The instances of new theories 
eeing with. .old empiricisms, are innumerable. 
mpiricist (empirrisist). [f. as prec. + -1sT.] 

a. An upholder of philosophical empiricism. b. 
One who follows empirical methods. 

1857 T. E. Wess /7tel/. Locke i. 17 Kant..regarded Aris- 

totle as the head of the Empiricists. 1875 NV. Amer. Rev. 


CXX. 469 Berkeley..a consistent empiricist. 1876 tr. 
Wagner 's Gen. Pathol. 5 Medical men have been designated 


as Empiricists and Rationalists in matters of pathology. 

Empiricutic, a. nonce-wd. In 7 emperick- 
qutique. [f. Emprric: on analogy of pharma- 
ceutic.| Empirical. 

1607 SHAKS. Cov, 11. i, 128 The most soueraigne Prescrip- 
tion in Galen, is but Emperick qutique ; and to this Preser- 
uatiue, of no better report then a Horse-drench. 

+E-mpirie. Ols. In 7 empyrie. [ad. Gr. 
éumepia, Cf. Emprric.] = Empiricism 1. 

1651 Wittie tr. Primrose’s Pop. Err. 1. vi. 23 Even Phy- 
sicians do not disdain Empyrie. 

Empirism (empiriz’m). [f. Gr. €umecp-os (see 
Empiric) + -IsM.] = EMprRicisM 2 b. 

1716 M. Davies Dissert. Physick 37 in Ath. Brit. U1. 
1852 Sin W. Hamitton Discuss. 104 Empirism, Philoso- 
phy of Experience or of Observation. 1852 More t tr. 
Tennemann's Hist. Phil. 67 Empirism .. would derive all 
our knowledge ultimately from experience, 

Empiristic (empiristik), a. [f. as prec, + -1sT 
+-10.] Of or pertaining to empirism. 

1881 Le Conte Light 103 The one is called the nativistic, 
the other the empiristic theory. 


Empiry, var. Empyre, obs., empyrean. 


Emplace (emplé‘s), v. rare. [f. EN- + Puace 
sb. ; (really back-formation from EMPLACEMENT.)] 
trans. To put into a place or position. 

1865 Raw inson Anc. Mon. III. v. 385 The shrine .. was 
emplaced upon the topmost, or silver stage. 

mplacement (empléismént). 
placement: see prec. and -MENT.] 

1. The action of placing in a certain position ; 
the condition of being so placed. 

1869 Raw.inson Axc. Hist. 64 The emplacement of each 
TPs so as exactly to face the cardinal points. 

. a Of a building, etc.: Situation, position. 
b. Site. rare. 
1802 W. Taytor in Robberds Afem. I. 415 Buildings ad- 
mired for their architecture, and well displayed by their 
pl 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLI. 362 The acs 
might have found. .a more appropriate emplacement for the 
obelisk. 1862 Rawtinson Axc. Mon. I. v. 95 The exact em- 
placement of the second [story] on the first is also doubtful. 
1880 Blackw. Mag. sv 115 The large amphitheatre, the 
emplacement of which can still be traced on the hill side. 

3. Mil. A platform for guns, with epaulements 
for the defence of those serving them. 

18rx WELLINGTON in Gurw. D7sf, VII. 258 Th 
make an emplacement for their field pieces. ANSTED 
Channel Isl. 1. iii. (ed. 2) 42 Two. .square begs a0 yrs a 

rocks, have been constructed. 188: Daily News 


[a. Fr. em- 


ought to 


129 


1. Med. or Surg. = PLASTER. 

1382 Wycuir /sa, xxxviii. 2t Thei shulden taken an hep 
of fyges, and..make an enplastre vpon the wounde. 1430 
Lypa. Chron. Troy 1. vii, Lectuary, Fm A Apel or pocyon, 
a1500 Med. Receipts in Rel. Ant. 1. 54 Tak everferne..and 
tak mynt, and mak aneemplaster. 1564 Brcon Gov. Virtue 
(1566) 50b, Neither hearbe nor emplasture hathe healed 
them. 1578 Lyre Dodoens 1. xcix. 141 Oyntments, oyles, 
or emplaisters. 1601 Hottanp Pliny xx. ix, If the said 
implaister be made with bean-meale. c1720 W. Gipson 
Farrier’s Dispens. xvi. (1754) 302 The whole is brought to 
the consistence of an Emplaster. 1751 CHAMBERS Cycl., 
Emplaster, popularly called Plaster. 1809 Parkins Cx/- 
peppers Eng. Physic Enlarged 361 The Greek emplaisters 
consisted of these ingredients. 

A x38 » Wyciir Sed, Wks. III. 166 Enplaster of cursin 
for heele of monnis soule. 1563-87 Foxr A. § M. (1596 
256/2 Minister some spirituall implaster. @ 1656 Br. HALL 
Rem, Wks. (1660) 2 y on the soveraign emplaisters of 
the..mercy of our Blessed Redeemer. 

2. Used to render L. emplastrum: see EMPLAS- 
TRATION I. 

160r Hottanp Pliny II. 518 The manner of graffing by 
way of emplaistre or scutcheon. i 

Hence + Empla‘sterwise, adv., in the form of a 
plaster, as a plaster is applied. 

1ssr Turner Herba/t. Ciij b, It [amomum] helpeth them 
that are bytten of scorpiones laid to emplaisterwise with 
basill. rhe Tbid, 1. 13 b, The sede [of sonne flower] layd 
to emplasterwise, dryeth away hanginge wartes. 

+Empla'ster, v. OJs. Forms: 4-6 em- 
plastre, 6-7 emplaster, -aistre, -ayster; also 7 
implaistre. [a. OF. emplastre-r, ad. L. emplas- 
trare, f. emplastr-um : see prec.] 

1. a. To cover with a plaster; to plaster over; 
also fig. b. To spread on as a plaster. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Merch, T. 1053 Als fair as ye his [Solo- 
mon =| sane emplastre, He was a lecchour and an ydolastre, 
1541 R. Coptanp Guydon’s Formuil. Y ijb, To emplay- 
ster the place with diaculum. 1585 H. Lioyp 77eas. 
Health D ij, Galbanum emplastered to the hed is of great 
efficacye. 1601 Hotranp Pliny xx. ix, Colewort is 
soveraigne good to be implaistred upon those tumors. 1633 
tr. Bacon’s Life & Death (1651) 50 Let the body be Em- 
plaistred with Mastick. 

2. A rendering of L. emplastrare to bud trees 
(misinterpreted in quot. 1656); see EMPLASTRA- 
TION ¥. 

c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. v1, 86 The pechys in this moone 
Emplastred are. 1656 DuGarp Gate Lat. Uni. § 324.91 He 
.. besmears them, being implanted (which is to emplaster). 

Hence Empla‘stering 7/. sd. 

c 1420 Pallad. on Husb, 11. 350Oon in the stok, on graffeth 
under rynde ; Emplastering an other dothe inkynde. /é/d. 
vil, 92 Emplasturyng accordeth with the tree That hatha 
juce of fattenesse in the rynde. 1577 B. GooGE //ereshach’s 
/Tusb, (1586) 72 Emplastring or inoculation, 1633 tr. Bacon's 
Life §& Death (1651) 50 Let this Bath with the Emplaistring 
.. be renewed every fifth day. 

Emplasteration, var. EMPLASTRATION, Ods. 

1692 in Cotes. 1775 in AsH. 

+ Empla'stic, 2. and sb. Obs. [ad. Gr. éumdac- 
tinés, f. €umAdooew : see EMPLASTER s0.] 

A. adj. Fit to be used as a plaster; hence, 
adhesive, glutinous, viscid. Also [after late Gr. 
use], that stops up the pores. 

1618 LATHAM 2nd Bk, Falconry (1633) 140 It is also of an 
emplasticke or clammy quality. 1634 T. JoHNson tr. Parey’s 
Chirurg. Vil. xxvii. (1678) 189 Medicins..acrid, oily, and 
emplastick. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Comipit. w. 133 Wax.. 
ye its..emplastick faculty. .fastning it self like Glew. 
1756 C, Lucas Ess. Waters 1. 53 Unctuous and emplastic 
bodies, 1832 in WeBsTER; and in mod. Dicts. 

B. sd. An adhesive or glutinous substance. 

“e Tomtinson Renou’s Disp. 125 An Emplastick should 
be of aterrene substance. 1721-1800 BaiLey, Ewfplasticks, 
Medicines which constipate and shut up the Pores of the 
Body, that Sulphureous Vapours cannot pass. 1751 STACK 
in Phil. Trans. XLVII. 269 Burgundy-pitch, or any other 
powerful emplastic. 

+Empla‘stical, 2. Ods. rave—'. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] = prec. adj. - 

1657 ToMLINSON Renou’s os i 124 Their quality sounds 
not emplastrical but emplastical, oremphractical. Jz. 125 
An emplastical medicament should want all mordacity, 

+Emplasticate, v. Ods. rare—'. [f. En- 
PLASTIC +-ATE.] vans. To make into a plaster. 

1657 TomLinson Renou’s Disp. 335 Emplasticated with 
honey, it takes away dimness. .from the eyes. 

+Emplastra‘tion. Os. Also 5 emplas- 
tracioun, 6 emplaistration, 6 implastration. 
[ad. L. emplastrationem, noun of action f. em- 
plastrare: see EMPLASTER v.] 

1. A mode of budding trees mentioned by Latin 
writers ; so called from the piece of bark surround- 
ing the bud, which was attached like a ‘ plaster’ 
(L. emplastrum) to the tree. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. vu. 91 In Juyl and nowe 


covering 
1 Sept. 2/4 A model emplacement, constructed of cot 

Emplaistre, var. of EMpLAsTErR, Obs. 

Emplant, obs..form of IMPLANT. 

+ Empla‘ster, sd. Os. Forms: 4 enplaster, 
-tre, 5-7 emplastre, -aister, -ayster, -aystre, (6 
erron. ermplasture) ; also 6-7 implaster, -aister. 
[a. OF. emplastre (F. emplitre), L. emplastrum, 
ad. Gr. €um\aorpoy plaster or salve, f. éumAdocer, 
f, &v in+ mAdooew to mould.] : 

Von, III. 


P ath treen, that men calle emplastra- 
cioun. r60r Hortanp Pliny II. Gloss., Emplastration in 
the Hortyard, is grafting by inocelation with a scutcheon. 
1745, tr. Columella’s Husb. v. xi, Emplastration, or .. In- 
oculation. 

2. The application of a plaster. 

1545 T. Raynotp Womans Booke 75 Ministred..by fumes, 
or odours, or emplastration, etc. 160r Hottanp P/iny II. 
394 To returne againe to the former emplastration. 12633 
tr. Bacon's Life § Death (1650) 63 Closure up of the body 
by Emplastration, 


EMPLOY. 


|| Empla‘strum. The Latin form of Empias- 
TER sb. 

1596 Firz-crrrray Six. Drake (1881) 19 Soules sweet 
Emplastrum, an ypay of the eyes. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. 
Surg. I. 171 If the carbuncle is small .. cover it with em- 
plastrum plumbi spread on leather. 

Emplead, obs. form of IMpLEAD. 

Emplection, bad form of EMpiecton. 

Emplectite (emplektait). An. [f. Gr. éu- 
mAextos inwoven (f. éumAéxev, f. év in+ mA€éxew to 
weave) +-ITE; the name being given from its ap- 
pearance.] A sulphide of bismuth and copper, 
occurring in bright tin-white needle-shaped crys- 
tals; found in Saxony and Chili. 

1857 SHEPARD Min, 424. 1884 Dana Min, 86. 

| Emple‘cton. Arch. [mod.L., a Gr. eumdex- 
tov: see prec.] ‘A kind of masonry, in which 
the outsides of the wall are ashlar, and the interval 
filled up with rubbish’ (Liddell and Scott). 

es Kersey, Emlecton opus, Masons-work well knit 
and couched together. 1731 in Battey, vol. II. 

Empledge, var. of [mPLEDGE. 

+ Emple‘sance. Sc. Obs. rare—1. 
*emplaisance {. *emplaisir: see EMPLESS. 
PLEASANCE.] Pleasure. 

1469 Sc. Acts Fas. II (1814) 94 It salbe leful to the kingis 
hienes to tak pe desisioun of ony actioune that cummis 
before him at his emplesance. 

+ Empleseur. Sc. Ods. rare—1. [f. OF. *em- 
plaisir: see next. Cf. PLEASURE] =prec. 

1560 Letter in MeCrie Knox. I. 437 And this ye faill not 
to do, as ye will do us singular empleseur. 

+Emple'ss, v. Sc. Obs. [ad. OF. *emplais- 
zr, orig. form of emplaire to please; cf. EN- and 
PLEASE.] ‘rans. To please. 

1478 Act. Audit. (1839) 61 Pe said Schir William to folou 
vpon personis for pe said some as it empless him. 

mplie, obs. var. of IMpLy. 

Emplore, obs. form of Impiore. 

Employ (emploi:), s6. Also 7-8 imploy. [ad. 
F. emploz, n. of action f. employer to EMPLoy ; 
=Sp. empleo, It. impiego.] 

+1. The action of employing a person or making 
use of a thing ;= EMPLOYMENT I. Obs. 

1666 Evetyn Mem. (1807) III. 184 Employ of chirurgeons. 
ay A. Littteton in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. xv. 5 
The drone without a sting. . wanting a tool for employ. 1829 
SoutHey Sir 7. More ii. 76 The application of gunpowder 
+ was not brought into full employ, even after, etc. 

2. The state or fact of being employed ; es. that 
of serving an employer for wages. In phrases, 7, 
out of, employ ; in the employ of (the person em- 
ploying). 

1709 StryPe Anz. Ref I. xliii. 473 The first mention .. of 
Thomas Sampson in publick employ. 1713 Guardian No. 
158 We are obliged by duty to fees ourselves in constant 
employ. 18; fir, Martineau Homes Abroad ix. 114 New 
comers of their craft, or in their employ. 1841 Matt 
Nonconf. I. 391 Operatives out of employ. 1885 Act 48 ¢ 
49 Vict. c. 56 Preamb., To permit electors in his regular 
employ to absent themselves. 

3. Something on which a person or thing is em- 
ployed; an employment, occupation. Now eet. 
or arch. 

1680 Sir E. Kine in Academy 15 May 502/2 A better em- 
ploy to exercise his courage. 1704 Swirr 7. Td iv. 64 Peter 
put these bulls on several employs. 1725 Brapiey Fav. 
Dict. i1.s.v. Tree, Drunken Fellows. .uncapable of so judi- 
cious Imploy. 1829 C. Wetcu Wes?. Polity 89 An assiduity 
worthy of a better employ. 1877 M. Arnotp Poems II. 
89 The wind-borne, mirroring soul. .leaves its last employ. 

+b. A regular business or occupation ; a trade 
or profession. Ods. 

ies Bunyan Pilger. 1. (1862) 114 To have but a poor imploy 
in the world. x Potter Antig. Greece 1. xxvi. (1715) 169 
That Ferry-man shall be prohibited the exercise of his em- 
ploy, who overturns his boat. 177x Westry Wks. 1872 V. 
297 Neglect of the worldly employ wherein. .God has placed 
us. 1795 J. Arkin Manchester 238 From this variety of 
employ, population has more than doubled since 1772. 

+c. An official position in the public service. 

1691 Luttrett Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 210 Being putt out 
of anemploy .. at the custome house at Newcastle. 1691 
Ray Creation m1. (1704) 241 Great Commands & Employs 
in the Dutch Colonies. a@1734 Nortu Lives (1826) I. 76 
Another employ fell to his Lordship’s share. 182x Byron 
Mar. Fal. u. i. 113 The wariest of republics Has lavish’d 
all its chief employs upon him. 

Employ (emploi:), z. Forms: 5 en-, 5- em- 
ploy ; also 6-8 imploy. [a. F. employe-r (var. 
of OF. emplier: see Impty, and cf. Proy, Pxy), 
a Com. Romanic word=Pr, zmpletar, Cat. im- 
plegar, Sp. emplear, Pg. empregar, It. impiegare:— 
L. zmplicare,{.in + plicare to fold. Cf. Impry. 

The senses of this word (exc, 5, 6) are derived from the 
late L, sense of imflicare ‘to bend or direct upon some- 
thing’; the classical senses ‘ enfold, involve’ are represented 
by Iwpty.] 5 3 

. trans. To apply (a thing) to some definite 
purpose ; to use as a means or instrument, or as 
material. Const. for, 27, on, + to. 

a. ¢1460 Fortescue Abs, & Lim. Mom (3734) 54 The Kyngs 
own Money .. he may... employ to other Usys, 1483 Cax- 
ton Gold. Leg. 433/4 Whan moder sawe the..lynnen 
cloth thus employed she was moche wroth. 1553 BRENDE 
Q. Curtius 109 (R.) When he beheld the boorde. .employed 

17 


[as if OF. 
CE. 


Fa ig 


EMPLOY. 
to so base a use. 1624 Lp. KensincTon in Ellis Orig. Lett. 
I. 301. ae a To her credit with the king her 
son. | refi 


‘oy. Mauritania 5 To t 
exe (fs the 


Locke 
eet auth, heron Ne 

ive or r 's) 
Good. mas Sa Martin Nat. Hist, Eng. I. Somerset 53 
The a this Country is . in Grain and Pas- 
turage. 1839 Lanpor Andrea 1846 SII. All have 


more knowledge than they willemploy. 1856 Ruskin Laer) 


Paint. I, ww. iv. §11 Art was employed for the display 
— facts. 
153. Starkey Lett. 73 Im iaploing se God hathe 

seen me. 1601 R. Jonson ll bog 85 

e hils .. and river sides being gle imploied to vines. 
1667 Mutton P. L. 1v. 763 Heere Love his shafts 
imploies. x Locke Toleration ii. Wks. 1727 I1. 291 
The best Design any one can imploy his Pen in. 
Dryven Virg. Georg. m1. 244 This Curse. . Juno. .imploy 
for Ié’s Punishment. 1772 Prrestiey /nst. Relig. (982) e 
413 The rest of the inclosure imployed in tillage. 

b. To apply, devote (effort, thought, etc.) to an 


object, (In later use merged in 4.) 

1587 Harrison England u. i. (1877) b a7. To — 
their studies unto physike and the lawes. 
Merch. V.u. viii. 43 And implo' your chiefest r 5 Sea To 
courtship. 1683 Burnet tr. More's Utopia 128 oll other 
Animals imploy their bodily Force one against another. 
1784 J. Barry Let, Artiii. (1848) 151 Any man, .who would 
generously employ his whole undivided attention to it. 

e. To make use of (time, opportunities). Const. 
in, + to. In mod. use also (influenced by 4), ‘to 


fill with business’ (J.). 

a. 1481 Caxton Myrr.1.v. 20 He..employed his tyme to 
studye. 1523 Lp. Berners Frois. I. cclxii. 387 What was 
best for them to do to employ forthe their season. 1664 
Evetyn Kad, Hort. (1729) 185 How usefully you employ 
this glorious Recess. 1725 De For Voy. round W. ae 
319 Those intervals were employed to..hunt for food. 1860 
peasy Glac. 1. § 27. 195 ane ten days at my disposal 

. I was anxious to employ them. 

se 1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. 1. (1626) 77 Some in life- 
practiz’d Arts implo 44 their times. 1732 Lepiarp Sethos II. 
1x. 277 He imploy’d the whole time in raising enormous 
machines. : 

+2. To bestow (something) oz a person. Obs. 
is en ay onal in OF.] 

est Pr. Masse 104 sage ycas . employing 
amr ee cas bred and ay hag Greene Fas. /V 
(1861) 190 What reward .. May I oy on you for this 
your zeal? F 

3. To use the services of (a person) in a pro- 
fessional capacity, or in the transaction of some 
special business ; to have or maintain (persons) in 
one’s pet 

a. Powet Lioyd’s Cambria 98 Emploied in affaires 
of tie commonwealth, 19771 Junius Lett. lix. 304 Let us 
employ these men in whatever departments their various 
abilities are best suited to. 1872 Raymonp Statist. Mines 
& Mining 206 Scott & Co., employing nine men six months. 
1872 Mortey Voltaire (1 886) 162 Lessing .. was employed 
by Voltaire .. in the Hirschel case. 

. 1590 Suaks. Mids. N.1. i. 124, I must imploy you in 
some businesse Against our nuptiall. 1621 Frailty of Life 
in Farr S. P. Yas. / (1848) 201 To thinke, not one of those 
whome he imploy’d Should be aliue within one hundred 
yeares. 1662 STILLINGFL. one Sacr. 11. i. § 2 Moses. . writ 
as a person imployed by God. 1728 Newton Chronol. 
Amended ii. 224 Cinyras . . imployed workmen in making 
armour, eat 

+b. To send (a person) with a commission /o, 
towards (a person), fo, into (a place); also, 70 
amply out. Obs. 

1611 Suaxs. Cyd, 1. iii. 68 We shall haue neede 
tT employ you towards this Romane. 1618 Botton //orus 
ut. vi. 190 Publius Servilius was employd out against them. 
1654 R. CoprincTon tr, Hist. Justine 289 The Lacede- 
monians, being unwilling to employ their forces into so 
remote a war. 1687 Good Advice 22 Bishop — was 
Employ’d to O. Cromwell by some of the Cler, 

1606 SHaxs. Ant. § Cl. v. ii. 70 To r I will 
speake, what you shall please, If you'l imploy me to pecs 
1631 Weever Anc, Fun. Mon. 670 lohn Wriothesle 
imployed into Scotland, and with him Northum! he 
— 1 Howett Hist. Revol. Naples 56 He 

Lr pees besides into the Castle three Gentlemen of spe- 

parts. 

cz To find work or occupation for (a person, his 
bodily or mental powers) ; in fass. often merely 
to be occupied, to be at work. Const. about, in, on. 

a. 1611 Biste Zera x. ee Were employed about this 
matter. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1. iv. § 1 was princi- 
pally aa farre off at Constantinople. 1713 STeeLe 
Englishm. No. 11. 73 Whoever is well —. is then at 
Prayers. Le Jounson Lett. (1788) I. showing 
how much I am an upon you. i ste H Div. 
Govt. u. ii. (1874) 215 How can the whole soul be so nobly 

-,employed? MMod.1 cannot fully employ you. I found 
him employed in writing letters. Glad to see you so well 
employed. 

-  X65t boa] Leviath, m. xxxiv. 208 Men, that are 
otherwise im 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. 1V. 191 
All .. implo i in ag Cm lation of our Excellencies. 
1704 Swirt — Bhs. (1 3) He was = 
Though Lage Stannore Paraphr. Dost 4 

the Occasions chosen 

age ref. To apply (ods.), busy, pag pn oneself. 

1579 vLY Bupducs (Arb.) 113 Employe thyselfe to 
marcial feates. 1764 Reip Inquiry i. § 2. (1785) 12 Castle- 
builders h -in 1856 R. VAUGHAN 
Mystics (1860) 1. 4 More o of genius than common was re- 
quired to teach a man how to employ himself. 

¢. Said of the object to which attention is o 

1665 Boyie Occas. Refi. satve) 25 Occasional 
tions..need not employ our hands. 1697 Drvpen Virg. 


130 
Georg... sake Coven A 
3704 ye S Thal: yon 17 then mig my Ye fisvaioe 
car cars employ. ear vii. $17. 1871 
sun Grecian in I. 70 1833 Hr. who 20 Tg em 
i. 13 A Pan’s pipe his mouth. Ten- 


nyson Poems, To Rev. F. D. Maurice i, Come, w no 
graver cares employ. Mod. He needs ploy 


mind. 
+5. = Inpry in various senses: a. To entwine, 
enclose, encircle. b. To involve, include, contain. 
e. To imply, signify. Ods. 
_ ~~ Fox in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. liii. 143 The causes 
ed so manifest justness. 1529 More Comf agst. 
Trib 1 (1557) 1146/2 We must expresse or im 
condicion therin. 1579 Poore Knight's Bega tc) Crabbed 
Care, imployd with streeke of red. 1581 J. B 
answ. Osor. 31 Which wordes do employ nothyng els, but 
that, etc. 1605 Cuarman A// Fooles Plays 1873 I. 134 For- 
tunio welcome, And in that welcome I imploy your wiues. 
1606 Hottanp Seton. 129 Passed a decree, that the d: Ag 
which hee beganne his Empire should be called Palilia, 
est Be thereby ..a second foundation of the Cittie. 
Bacon Max. § Uses Com. Law 31 Whichi of 


EMPOISON. 

Painter, and also a man of much 
hee some Refi. v i. (1675) So "its 
poet Soe. her to be of it. 
oe Ho. Com. Deb. 29 Nov. in Cobbett Hist. 
Eng. [ste9)V. 463 By the Emp t of Mr. Shales, 


=r ofboth frou and la 1871 B. Srewart Heat 26 


» (Obs) 

1595 Suaxs. Yohn 1.1. 198 At your ent; at 
seruice a oat ru Poste w, ODackee, Lame paar 
Answ., 1 to your I 

2. "that on on which (one) is employed ; business ; 
occupation ; a errand or commission, 

pte aT 85 i Save art. wera? is there 
pegba mags nn ge Lae v. 135 How wit may 
a lacke-a-Lent ao impl —— 

in mets . Lett. 1. 246. wait 87 
saith, have been ve times to Venice, once into Persia. — 
Hosses Leviath. u. 7 181 binging > Ff not Re 
'ARBURTON 1Vv. vi. (R.), 
Had Joss. “male te of the and learned for this em- 
eth amela Path 345 Your Sunday 


mariage went still imployed ..in every tenure called 
knight’s service. 

4 6. To supply. Ods. rare. 

1668 Cuitp Disc. Trade (1694) 172 It employs the Nation 
for its Consumption, with Pepper, Indigo, Calicoes. 

ble (emploiaib’l), a. [f. prec. + 
By hat can be employed. 

a@ 1691 Bov.e (J. > iD The pe eee made. .seem employable 
against this hypot Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 

97 The materia evans morality, that is, the conceptions 

- employable therein. 1808 Bentuam Sc. Reform 69 Evi- 
dence alternately — 1840 Mitt Diss. § Disc. 

I, 389 Means employable for important social ends. 

I] eaploy? (aiplwaye). [a. F. employé, pa. 
pple. of employer to employ.] One who is em- 
atta (In Fr, use chiefly applied to clerks ; in 

ng. use ge. to the persons employed for wages or 
salary by a house of business, or by government.) 

Hence also Employée, a female employé. 

1834 O. P. Q. in Spectator 22 Nov. 1112/2 An old bank- 
rupt Pemplogs of the Empire. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. ix. 
§ 2. (1876) 87 Connecting .. the interest of the employés 
with the. .success of the concern. 1860 Gen. P. THomPson 
Audi Alt. III. cii. 4 No representations against a Govern- 
ment employé shall be entertained. 1862 Macm. Mag. 
July 257 All these employées should be women of character. 
1879 Haran Eyesight v.64 In Italy, all railroad employ 


Ry bey 1760 Gotpsm. Cit. W. cxix, 
it 1837 Sir F. yoy Fi = 
employment. IR ‘ALGRAVE Merch, & Friar 
Boyne for me by my em- 
ployments. 
b. The use or purpose to which a thing is 
devoted. Obs. 

1593 Suaxs. Rich. I/, 1. i. 90 Lendings he hath detain’d 
for lewd employments. Whole Duty Man viii. § 11. 
= A Making i it less fit for any imployment. 

A person’s regular occupation or business ; 
a vale or profession. 

1648 Gace West Ind. xv. (1655) 102 In their imployments 
they are..Grasiers. 1674 Brevint Saud at Endor 72 They 
subdivide their Emploiements. 1839 Auison Hist. Europe 
(1849-50) I. ii. § 66. 185 They .. proposed. .to let every man 
exercise any profession .. or carry on any employment. 

+3. An official position in the public service ; 
a ‘place’, Ods. 

1647 Ciarenvon Hist. Reb. (1702) II. vt. 33 Restored to 
their Offices, and Employments. 1708 Swirr Sacram. 
Test Il. 1. 128 The iemen of employments here make a 
very considerable number in the house of commons, 1734 
tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist.(1827) I1. u. 59 He was made prextor 
which seems to have been a very considerable employment. 

9] 4. =IweLement. Obs. rare, 

1612 Cuarman Widdowes T. Wks. 1873 — se fro stay 
hath been prol d With h 


are subjected to rigorous examination. 

Employed (emploi-d), f/. a. [f. Ewrnoy z. 
+ -ED.] That is in (another’s) employ. Also 
rn with pl. sense, the wage-earning class. 

“ Bacon Ess. Travel. (Arb.) 523 The Secretaries, and 
Era oyd Men of Ambassadours. - Coxe Disc, 
Trade 55 You must do it as ag imployed English please. 
1818 CANNING in Pari. bk 64 An employed informer, and 
consequently a spy. 3EN. P, THompson Andi Alt. 
III. cxxiv. 76 A ae to the class of the employed, 
rather than of the employers. 

Hence +Employ‘edness, the condition of being 
Seay ey, Obs. rare—". 

a 1691 Boyce Wks. VI. 48 (R.) Rhetoric and care of lan- 
guage [are not] consistent with .. employedness. 

Employee (emploij7-). rare exc. U.S. [f. 
EMPLOY + -EE.] 

a.=Empioy&. b. (nonce-use.) Something that 


- employed. 
HOREAU Wretten | iv. (1886) 113 They take me for an 
ployee. 1 Tourcer Fool's — xxxv. 241 Their com- 
mands are. 


yed by the. .em 1886 A. Morcan 
in Lit. World (Boston. U.S.) 15 Bay 7 172/1 The supines of 
Shakespeare outnumber the empl cant authors. 
Emplo: oyer (emploi‘az). f. EMPLOY v. +-ER,] 
a. One who employs. Const, of. b. spec. One 
who employs servants, workmen, etc. for wages. 
1599 Suaks. Much Ado v. ii. 31 Troilous the first imploier 
of pandars. 1668 CuiLp Disc. Trade(T.), Owner or empl: 
of much shipping. 1742 Ricnarpson Pamela IV. 103 "to 
present her mplo with Bills for soo/, 1780 B 
Econ, Ref. Wks. 111, 286 Making it the interest of the ¢ pong 
tractor to exert . » skill for .. his emp! peg Bk st = 
Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. a1 Agricultural ln lived . 
= ee of ronal — A Jevons Prim. Pon 
con. 64 Emp 
Emplo. tg (emploi- in), ron. sb. [f. Emptor 
v.+-ING1.] a. The action of the verb Empuoy. 
+b. Employment, Cemtoatian (ods.). 
1607 Hirron Ws. I. 245 For the lawfull imp! 
selfe in the same. a@ 1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. Me sit 
(1867) 26t Such an employing of the Spirit as that we 
described. 1707 J. Srevens tr. ‘Quevedo's C Com. Whe. (3709) 


pares Whose whole pieeinbes like the Frogs, 
gta prating. 


» Ppl. a. [f. as prec, + -InG?.] 
tet - mors. rare. . 
demand, 


alt ait G. 8 Nov. 13/2 The main 
incumbents of Engin 

ti (emploi‘mént). Also 7 em-, 
implo: nt, -ploiment. [f. EmpLoy v, +-MENT.] 
1. The action or process of employing ; the state 
of — employed, Also in phrase, + (Man, etc.) 

of much, little, etc. SG tig oed 
Fronto Dict. Ep. +2 Your able of 
servitours. 1602 Suaxs, Ham. v. i. 77 ed of 


little Imph t hath the d G.H 
P. della Valle's Trav. E. India 8a Barloned Voanoom 


[a crowbar and a halter]. 
eg esha (emplizm), v. Also 7 implume. 
oe Fr. emplumer, {. en- (see En-) + plume Piume, 
eather; cf. Sp. emplumar, It. impiumare.] 
+1. trans. ?To ‘tar and feather’ (or the like). 
[ee Sp. emplumar. 0 Pe 
Celestina v. ding to who 
top he ian Gath been ~ omy Paty seeds 
2. To “fomih with a plume, adorn as with 
plumes. Also in f/. a. Emplu‘med. 
1623 Masse tr. Guzman d' Alfarache u. 21 Fos 4 i 


very well have put the ee Hat vpon oe 
Mrs. BrowninG Song Ra, Sch., Ange yan the emplumed 


In such ringlets of pure 

Emplunge, var. o IMPLUNGE, Obs. 

Emply, obs. var. of Impry v. 

Em (empe'két), v. arch. Also im-. 
[f£ Ex- + Pocket sé.] ¢rans. To put into one’s 

ket. 

1728 [? De For) Carieton’s Memoirs 5 Stood .. with their 
Hands impocketted. 1884 Punch 1 Nov. 210/2 I did em- 
pocket thy gratulation (cf. Shaks. 7we/. N. 1. iii. 27.] 

Em (empoi'zan, z’n), v. youn: a. 4-6 
enpoysen, -on, -oun, 5-6 enpoisen, -on, -oun, 
4-8 empoyson, (7 empoysn), 6- empoison. 
B. 6-7 ry ey 6- impoison. [a. F. em- 


5 ~ —_ ison. Also adso/. Obs. 
aif 238 ais tle him Bi-hist SM 


owene ea sel 
Ca eres Rae vortimer was e iene 
and dyed at london. 1§23 —— Froiss.1, cocxvi. 
a kynge. 4 


eames bees ened os one 
pea eer Goad. Gas. No. 206/2 The Grand rand Visier 


by on his 
Apol. Pr. Orange in Phanix (1721) 1. The 
Bi ee tr rane in Eh ee ee Macnee 


friends 
Brooxs Wks. (1867) V1. 227, How many thousand children 
wn. frangf and fig. To Kill as if b by poison to 
an to) as if by 
affect as poison does. Also adsol. 
toy Sh, or kg Aman by is une Ales im 
‘d, pg ms aagish pated Sore cm T. 
fresh Pseud. ep. p.m. vil. 119 This way a Basilisk may 
2. a. To put poison into (food or drink); to 
taint, render poisonous ; to vitiate as with poison 
(he peep animal corey ete.) 5 A enyenom. 
to an arrow poison. Now some- 
what rhe. te Be 
a. 1634 T. Jounson tr. Parey’s Chirurg. 1. (1678) 274 


EMPOISONED. 


Neither. .could it [gunpowder] empoyson the bodies of such 
as are wounded. 1683 Satmon Doron Med. 1.155 When the 
Blood is empoysoned. 1725 SLOANE Yamaica u. 6 Bowmen 
with their arrows most villanously empoyson’d. 1825 Scorr 
Talism. xxviii, The simoon empoisons the atmosphere. 

. 1602 Warner Ald, Eng. x. lvi. (1612) 246. 1686 Goap 
Celest. Bodies 11. iii. 472 Our Two Superiours are more to be 

Pp in impoisoning the F and corrupting our 
Mass of Bloud. 1733 CHeyne Eng. Malady 1. vi. § 2 (1734) 


© All which must necessarily .. impoison .. their natural 


uices. — 

+b. intr. for reft. 

1622 PeacnaM Comfi. Gentil. xviii. (1634) 215 Yet much 
lyeth in our power to keepe that fount from empoysoning. 

. fig. &. To taint with sin or error; to corrupt, 
vitiate, spoil. 

a. 1325 £. £. Allit. P. B. 242 Pat en-poysened alle peplez 
- ted fro hem_bope. x Pol. Poems (1859) Il. 73 

rechen what 30u list, and with 3our = estilence en- 
poisoun the peple. 1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk, M. Aurel. 
(1546) Sviij, Riches, youthe, solitarines, and libertee ben 
mu. pestilences, that enpoison the prynce. 1599 SANDYS 
Europe Spec. (1632) 18 Proceed on to empoyson their 
country. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 144 Thou art ..em- 
poysoned with the most deadly venome of wickednesse. 
1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. I. 292 The Deists. .empoison 
everything they touch. 1882 T. A. Pore tr. Cafecelatro’s 
Philip Neri I. 48 An undisciplined will might .. destroy 
or empoison all vigour of thought. 

. 1857 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr. A. Ded., Any 
newe thinge that mighte. .impoison with erronious doctrine 
the consciences. c161z2 Beaum. & FL. Thierry u. 454 
She hath impoyson’d Your good opinion of me. 1656 
Trappe Comm. Eph. v. 3 Citizens’ wives. .were..impoisoned 
at stage-plays. 

b. To render virulent, envenom (feelings); to 
‘poison’, embitter (a person’s mind) agaznst. 
Also, to embitter, destroy all pleasure in (a means 
of enjoyment). 

a. 1646 J. Hatt Hore Vac. 136 Jests empoysoned with 
bitternesse. 1806 Aux. Rev. IV. 774 Our social tables, 
which they conspire to empoison. 1832 Blackw. Mag. 
XXXII. 225 This distraction..will empoison all your joys. 
1879 J. HawrHorne Laugh. M.75 His soul had been em- 
poisoned against them and all the world. 

. 1599 SHAks. Much Ado 1. i. 86 One does not know 

ow much an ill word may impoison liking. 

Empoisoned (empoi:zond, -z’nd), Afi. a. [f. 
prec. +-ED 1. 

+1. Killed by poison ; poisoned. Ods. 

1615 G. SANpys 7vav. 1v. 307 The death of her impoisoned 
husband. 1616 Overbury's Vis.in Har. Misc. (Malh.) III. 
3g The pains of my impoison’d ghost. . 

. Steeped in, impregnated or tainted with, 
poison ; poisonous, envenomed. /¢¢. and jig. 

1598 Cuapman /éiad vu. 365 Impoison’d strokes His wound- 
ing thunder shall imprint. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 144 These 
Arabians. .shooting their empoysoned arrowes, practise py- 
racie. 1678 WanLey Wond. Lit. World v. i. § 71. 465/2 A 

air of empoysoned Gloves .. procured his death. a@1711 
Cex Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 318 On Earth uncurs’d 
no Plants empoyson’d grew. 1799 Corry Sat. London 
(1803) 162 Assassins, ready to lift their empoisoned stillettos 
against your hearts. 1883 J. Parker 7yne Ch. 145 The 

nt .. shows its empoisoned fang. 

mpoisoner (empoi:zonar). [f. as prec. + -ER.] 
One who empoisons. Oés. or arch. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. T. 566 Thus ended..the false em- 
 cnseoni <a Sir T. Smitu Commw. Eng. (1609) eS 

mpoysoners..shall bee boyled to the death. 1600 O. E. 
Repl. Libel 1. v. 99 The father of all .. murderers, em- 
poisoners, and enemies to this state. 1622 Bacon Hen. 
VII, 2 The Impoisoner of his wife. 1650 WELDON Crt. 
Fas. I (1651) 65 They preferred Empoysoners to be servants 
to Sir Gervase Elwayes. 1829 LANpor /mag. Conv. (1846) 
II. 234 We live among. .empoisoners. 

Jig. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 810/2 A..wicked 
man that goeth about to sowe peruerse doctrine .. what is 
hee els, but an impoisoner? 1653 GauDEN Hierasp. 412 
The divels Empericks and empoisoners. 

+ Empoi‘soness. Ods. vare. [f. EMPOISON-ER ; 
cf. murderess. A female empoisoner. 

1628 tr. Matthieu’s Powerfull Favorite, Martina, that 
famous sorceresse and empoysonnesse. 

Empoi‘soning, vé/. sb. [f. as prec. +-1NG1.] 
The action of the vb. EMporson. 

c1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. iii. 206 Pe empoysenyng of 
Socrates. 1494 Fasyan vu. 322 He Ls og at Swynyshede 
by the enpoysonynge of a munke of the same house. 1527 
Anprew Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters Aiijb, Columbyne 
water. .is good for impoysyning. @ 1569 Kincesmyi Con/f?. 
Satan (1578) 7 The deedes of the flesh are .. impoisonings. 
1678 WanLey Wond. Lit. Worldv. ii. § 80. 472/2 He bribed 
the Bishop of Rome to the empoysoning of his brother 
Zemes. 1681 Roxb, Bal. (1883) IV. 655 From secret Impoy- 
sonings.. Libera nos, Domine. 

Empoi'soning, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 
That empoisons, kills by poison, or renders 
poisonous. 

1598 Ord. for Prayer in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 682 
The sacred oil ..is a sovereign Antidote .. against ..em- 

isoning confections. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 

1650) III. xxviii. 151 Nor are all Snakes of such empoison- 
ing qualities. 1653 Urqunart Radedais u. xv. The smell. . 
is so pestiferous and impoisoning. 1706 Watts Hore Lyr. 
III. 258 The impoisoning taint O’erspreads the buildi 


181 


neuer taught..empoisonment of princes. 1653 A. WiLson 

Yas. I, 84, Lhave found in the Book of God, examples of 
all other offences, but not any one of an Impoysonment. 
1727 Swirt Further Acc. E. Curii UI. 1. 154 The manner 
of Mr. Curll’simpoisonment. 1815 Month, Mag. XXXIX. 
309 Sudden death, so like an empoisonment. 1824 LAnpor 
Imag. Conv, Wks. 1846 I. xii. 49 You .. rarely find an em- 
poisonment..committed in England for policy. : 

2. The action of tainting or impregnating with 
poison. Also Py : 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 915 And these Empoisonments of air 
are the more dangerous in meetings of people. 1886 Far- 
RAR Westm. Serm. in Libr. Mag. (N. Y.) 16 Oct. 595 His 
bad example is a spiritual empoisonment. 

Emporetic (empore'tik), a. Awtig. [ad. L. 
emporeticus (emporetica charta Pliny H. N. x11. 
xii), a. Gr. *éumopnrixds, f. *éumopéew to trade, f. 
éumopos merchant.] Pertaining to trade. Lmfo- 
retic paper: a coarse kind of papyrus used for 
wrapping up parcels. (Quincy Lex. Phys.-Med. 
1719 wrongly explains this as ‘paper made soft 
and porous, such as is used to filter with’.) 

[1662 FuLLeR Worthies 1. 144 Imperial, Royal, Cardinal, 
and so downwards to that course Paper called Emporetica.] 
1851 Axcient Fishing in Fraser's Mag. XLIII. 264 The 
Emporetic, or shop-paper. . serving for wrapping up groceries, 
fruit, etc. 

Hence + Empore'tical a. Ods.—°. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Emporetical, pertaining to Mer- 
chants or Markets. 1678-1706 in Puiviirs. 1721-1800 in 
Bartey; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Emporeutic, a. and sé. Obs. [ad. Gr. éu- 
mopevtix-ds, f. éwmopevecOar to trade, f. €umopos 
trader: see Emportum.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to trade. 
B. sd. a. sing. (See quot.) b. fl. Articles 
manufactured for sale. 

1612 SturTEVANT Metallica (1854) 37 Emporeuticks which 
they [Joyners, Smiths, etc.] ordinarily make, as Presses .. 
Bellowes, Tongs. /éd. 50 The Emporeutick .. treateth of 
the worke of the art .. wares for use and sale. : 

Hence + Emporeu'tical, a. Oés.; = prec. adj. 

1612 Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 50 The first [part] is 
called Organic, and the other Emporeutical or Polecall. 

+Emporial, a. Oés. [f. Emport-um + -At.] 
Of or pertaining to an emporium; having the 
character or function of an emporium. 

1604 T.Wricut Passions Pref., Great citties (specially 
emporiall) affoord .. all sorts of politique prudence. 1802 
Month. Mag. XIII. 12 Knives may have been brought .. 
by the Pheenicians, and sold at their emporial sea-towns in 
the Isle of Wight and in Cornwall. 

Em porie, var. form of Empory, Ods. 

Emporium (empoeriim). 2. 7-9 empo- 
riums, 9 emporia. (See also Empory.) [a. L. 
emporium, a, Gr. éundprov, f. €umopos merchant, f, 
év in+vbl. stem zop-, mep- to journey.] 

1. A place in which merchandise is collected or 
traded in. Often as applied to towns or countries : 
A principal centre of commerce, ‘a mart’. 

1586 J. Hooker Givald. [rel. in Holinsh. 11. 12/2 A Scotch 
Town is the cheefest emporium in a manner of all that land. 
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 11. iii. 11. (1651) 326 Paris, London, 
small Cottages in Czsars time, now most noble Emporiums. 
1692 Ray Dissol. World u. v. (1732) 253 The best Emporium 
and Mart of this Part of the world. 1776 Apam Situ W, N. 
1v. ii. (1869) II. 27 The emporium, or general market, for 
the goods of all the different countries whose trade it car- 
ries on. 1805 Lucock Nat. Wool 44 Perhaps they [the 
Italian cities] would have remained much longer the em- 
poria of the world. 1869 Buckie CivéZis. III. v. 340 Em- 

oriums of commerce. 1878 Bosw. SmitH Carthage 8 

gypt ..deigned to open an emporium at Naucratis for 
the ships and commerce of the Greeks. 

+b. In the East Indies: A ‘factory’ of Euro- 
pean merchants. Ods. 

1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. £. Ind. 11. xxxiv. 20 Halfa 
League farther up..the Dutch Emporium stands. 

c. Pompously applied to: A shop, warehouse. 

1839 Dickens Wich. Nick. xxxii, Emporiums of splendid 
dresses. 1859 SALa Tw. round Clock (1861) 163 But I find 
the shop now expanded into a magnificent emporium. 

2. transf. and fig. 

1839 Murcuison Szdur. Syst. 1. xxxv. 475 The rich empo- 
rium of the Scotch coal measures, 1852 Miss Mitrorp in 
L’Estrange Li (1870) III. xiii. 241 Her house in London 
was a perfect emporium of escaped state criminals. 1865 
Merivace Rom. Emp. (1865)VIII. Ixvi. 235 She[Alexandria] 
was an emporium for the interchange of ideas and specula- 
tions. 

+3. (See quot.) Obs. 

1721-1800 Baiwey, Eyforiunt, the common sensory of 
the brain. 1753 CHAMBERS Cycl. Supp. 

Emport(e, obs. ff. Import z. 

+ Empo‘rtment. O¢s. rare. [a. F. emporte- 
ment fit of passion, f. emporter to carry away, 
s’emporter to be carried away by anger.] A fit or 
‘transport’ of passion, state of vehement anger. 

1734 Nortu Examen (1740) 653 (D.) Lay aside emport- 
meats so justly pee — Lives 11. 423 At which the 

an 


Empoisonment (empoi'zonmént). Also 7-8 
impoisonment. [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 

1. The administration of poison to a person ; 
the fact of being poisoned. avch. or Obs. 

1569 R. Anprose tr. Alexis’ Secr. 1v. 11. 13 A more ex- 


cellent remedie inst em) ments [printed em) - 
ments). 1600 O. E. Repl. Libel 1. v. 104 The apoailad a 


his friend were in a furious emport- 
ment. 


+Empo'rture, v. Obs. vare—!. In other 
editions im-. (Meaning obscure; perh. misprint 
for zmportuned.) 

¢ 1525 SkeLTon Ph, Sparowe Ox) 1154 She is playnly 
expresse, Egeria the goddesse, And like to her image Em- 
portured with corage A louers pylgrimage. 


EMPRESS. 


+ E-mpory. Oés. Anglicized f. of Emporium. 

1607 Br. J. Kine Sermon (Nov.) 2 The renouned Emporie 
and Mart of the whole Kingdome. 1680 Morven Geog. 
Rect. Scot. (1685) 33 Dunfreis is a rich and well traded Em- 
porie upon the River Nith. 1698 Farqunar Love § Bottle 
Iv. (1728) 69 This is the great Empory of lewdness. 1774 
T. West Axntig. Furness Introd. 15 Ulverston, the empory 
of Furness. 

+Emposse'ss, v. Ods. rare. Also 5 en-. [f. 
En- + Possess v.] ¢rvans. To invest with posses- 
sion, endow wth. 

¢ 1500 Melusine(E, E. T.S.) 99 He. .charged them to edy- 
fye..a Priorye of eyghte monkes, them to reueste and em- 
possesse with landes. dd, 100 And enpossessed them wel 
for theire sustenaunce. 

Empostem, -ume, obs. ff. ImpostHUME. 

Empound, obs. form of Impounp. 

+ Empo'ver, v. Obs. vare. Also 5-6 enpouere, 
6 enpover. [a. OF. exfover-ir to IMPOVERISH.] 
trans. To impoverish. 

1474 Caxton Chesse ut. iii. Fiij, How enpouere they the 
comynte. 1523 Lp. Berners Frozss. I. cccvii. 462 The 
garysons .. had greatly enpouered .. the countre of Nor- 
mandy. 1528 Roy Sa¢., The charges to recover Lest they 
shulde theym selves enpover. 

Empoverish, obs. form of IMpoveRIsH. 

+ Empow'der, v. Ods. rare. [f. En- + Pow- 
DER sb.) trans. ‘To insert sparsely or in small 
patches like grains of powder. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Lrasm. Par. Fohu Pref., Clothe of golde 
empowdred emong patches of canuesse, or perles and dia- 
mondes emong peoblestones. 

Empower (empaue1), v. Also 7-9 impower, 
(6-7 impowre). [f. En- + Power.] 

1. ¢rans. To invest legally or formally with 
power or authority ; to authorize, license. 

a. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. / (1655) 75 Letters from the 
Pope .. empowering them to erect this Colledge. 1786 
T. Jerrerson Wit. (1859) I. 567 A clause is inserted. .em- 
powering the King to discontinue it at any time. 1827 
Hattam Const. Hist. (1876) 11. x. 266 The Petition and 
Advice had..empowered him to appoint a successor. 1860 
Motcey Netherd. (1868) I. i. 18 They were empowered. .to 
levy troops by land and sea. 

. 1655 FuLcer CA. Hist. vu. i. § 8 These visitors, not 
as yet impowred by law. 1704 Swirt 7. 7ud vii. 94, Ido 
here impower him to remove it. 1801 Srrutr Sorts § 
Past. 1. i. 51 The commissioners were. .impowered to sur- 
vey the lands adjoining to the city of London. 

2. To impart or bestow power to an end or for 
a purpose; to enable, permit. 

a. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chm. Life (1747) 11.619 Much less can 
he empower others to do Miracles. 1727 De For Syst. 
Magic 1. iv. (1840) 9t Some have doubted whether the 
Devil is empowered to take up any human shape. 1869 
Contemp. Rev. X1. 260 Air and .. exercise .. empower the 
man for any intellectual or moral work. 

' 1667 Mitton P. L. x. 369 Thou us impow’rd to for- 
tifie thus farr. 1715-20 Pore /déad x1v. 295 Impower’d the 
wrath of gods and men to tame. 

+b. To bestow power upon, make powerful. 

1690 Penn Rise & Progr. Quakers (1834) 17 Who em- 
powered them as their work witnesseth. 

+3. ref. To gain or assume power over. Obs. 

1657 S. W. Schism Dispach’t 167 When this strange 
Vsurpation impower’d itself over the whole Church. did. 
179 That William the Conquerour should have impower’d 
himself over England. 

Hence Empo-wering ///. a. 

1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk § Selv. 141 Some instance of 
Gods impowering ghost. 

Empowerment (empauesmént). [f. prec. + 
-MENT.] The action of empowering ; the state of 
being empowered. 

1849 Life Rev. F. Fisher ii. 29 They followed up this re- 
markable empowerment .. by removing the sentences, etc. 
1882-3 ScuarF Encycl. Rel, Knowl. I. 1369 An all-con- 
quering conviction of divine vocation and empowerment. 

+ Emprent, v. Ods. rarve—'. Used as transl. 
of L. zmpetrare to obtain by request. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. (1868) 159 Men byseken it and 
emprenten it. 

Emprent, obs. form of Imprint. 

Empress (emprés), 53,1 Forms: 2-4 em- 
perice, 3-8 emperess(e, 4 (amperesse), empe- 
ris(e, -isse, empiresse, 5 emprice, -ise, 5-7 em- 
presse, 7- empress. Also 4-5 imperes, -ice. 
[ME. emperesse, a. OF. emperesse, fem. of enperere 
EMPEROR (late L. type *¢mperatorissa). OF. had 
also empereriz, -is, = Pr. emperairitz, Sp. empera- 
triz:—L. imperatricem, and various mixed forms, 
as emperice, amperice, some of which occur in ME.] 

1. The consort of an emperor. Also, a female 
sovereign having the rank equivalent to that of an 


emperor. ; 
1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1140 Pe hefde ben Emperice. a 4 
R. Grouc. (1725) 440 He louede hyr, vor heo was eyr 
hey emperesse. Jézd. 474 The nexte 3er ther after the 
Amperesse Mold Wende out of this liue. ¢ 1350 W702. 
Palerne 5343 And Melion .. was crouned emperice. ae 
Caxton Chron. Eng. vu. (1520) 79 b/t Wyllyam .. helde 
warre agaynst Maude the empresse. 1559 Br. Scor in 
Strype Aun. Ref I. u. App. vii. 417 The emperesse Theo- 
dora that then was. 1704 Appison /¢aly (2739) 236 
Among the Emperesses. @ 1745 Swirt Wés. (1768) IV. 301 
The earl of Chester .. commanded there for the empress. 
1836 Penny Cycl. V. 13302 Napoleon ., crowned his wife as 
empress. 1888 Times No. 32,573. 7/4 The —— and the 
17-2 


EMPRESS. 
Empress Frederick were compelled to delay their Sapeetens 
from the Royal_borough. od In 1876 Queen Victoria 
was pI imed Empress of India. 


2. A female potentate exercising supreme or 
absolute power. Chiefly ¢ransf. and fig. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 20801 Of or greg rps: on 
Bath imperice and heind leuedi. 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 
(1868) 109 For felonie is emperisse and flowrep ful CS ies 
esse. ©1460 Towneley Myst. 171 Thi moder is of helle 
emprise. 1588 SHaks. 7i#. A. u. iii. 40 Harke Tamora, 
the Empresse of my Soule. 1634 Hasincton Castara 30 
The pale-faced Empresse of the night Lent in her chaste 
increase her borrowed light. 1682 Drypen Mac Bd 
Now Empress Fame had publisht the renown Of Shad- 
wells coronation. 1797 Mrs. Rapciirre /talian xii, Who 
-.seemed the em) of the scene. 1832 Blackw. Mag. 
Feb. 353/1 The British capital has been called .. the em- 

ress of all cities. 1 Kinciake Zéthen v. (1878) 73 

‘onder empress throned at the window of that humblest 
mud cottage. ae 

3. Comb. a, appositive. : 

1661 Hotypay Fuvenal 93 Before his bed she chose a 
mat that stunk, And wore a night-hood too, an empress- 

unk! 1708 in Lond. Gaz. No. 4156/1 The Earl of Sunder- 

and. shad Arstionce. -of the Empress-Dowager. 1711 /bid. 

4875/2 His Excellency deliver’d her Majesty’s Credentials 
to the Empress-Regent. ; : . 

b. Empress-cloth: a woollen fabric differing 
from merino chiefly in not being twilled. (App. 
not known as a trade term in England.) 

1 in Knicut Amer. Mech. Dict.; and in later Dicts. 

} Empress, sb.2 Obs. Forms: 6 emprese, 
7 empresse, empressa. See also IMPRESS 5¢.2, 
Impresa. [A var. of Impress 56,2, ad. It. zmpresa 
of same meaning. The form with em- may be 
ad. the equivalent Sp. empresa, and is therefore 
treated separately.] 

A motto or significant device; see IMPRESS 56.2 
Also attrib. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. 19 b, Let..this for an Emprese be 
engrauen. 1603 Drayton Baron's Wars vi. 43 Emblems, 
Empressas, Hirogliphiques. 1610 HoLtanp Camden's 
Brit. 1. 287 A blew garter, carrying this Empresse.. Hox 
soit qui Maly pense. 1688 R. Home Armoury 1. 4 4 
Emblem or Empress work is drawing Faces from the Life. 

+ Empre'ss, v. Oés. Forms: 4 enprece, 
-presse, 4-5 empresse. See also IMPRESS v. 
[a. OF. empresse-r, emprecier, f. en- (see EN-) + 
presser to Press.] ¢rans. and adsol. To subject 
to pressure, press, oppress. Also zz¢r. to crowd, 
press eagerly info. 

c1325 £. E. Aliit. P. an And pere as pouert enpresses, 
pa3 mon pyne pynk. /did. 528 Pouerte me enprecez 

ynez innoje. ¢ 1386 CHaucer Chan. Yem. Prol. & T.518 
Buch feendly thoughtes in his hert empresse. c 1400 Rom. 
Rose 3691 No man .. ne may..of the reisins have the wyne 
Til grapes..Be sore empressid. 1475 Bk. Noddesse 4 Every 
man in hym silf let the passions of dolours be .. empressid 
into vyfnes. : = 3 

|| Empressement (aiprg'smai). [Fr.; f. 
empresser to urge, Sempresser to be eager.] Ani- 
mated display of cordiality. 

1749 CuesterrF. Lett. No. 202 (1792) II. 262 You must do it 
.. with alacrity and empressement. 1823 Byron Yuan x1. 
xlii, Juan was received with much ‘empressement’ [rimmed 
with chessman). 1866 Howe.ts Venet. Life v. 73 She 
acknowledges the compliment with life-like empressement. 

+ Empri‘de, v. Ods. rave. In 5 enpride, en- 
pryde. [f. Ey-+Prive.] ref. To pride oneself. 

a 1440 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 23 Thre 
thynges ere whare-of a man enprides hym. c 1440 Gesta 
Rom. (1879) 174 He Enpridid him not for the honours. _ 1502 
Ord. Crysten Mo ut. lil. (1506) 158 By this meane fell & 
hym enpryded the pharysee. 

+ Empri‘me, v. Obs. In6empryme, /évans, 
To separate a deer from the rest of the herd. 

1575 URBERVILE Bk. Venerie 242 When he is hunted and 
doth first leave the herde we say that he is syngled or em- 
Prgmed. a in Brounr. 1775 in Asn. 

mprint, obs. form of Imprint sd, and v. 
Emprise, emprize (emproi'z), sb. arch. 
Forms: a. 4-5 empryse, (4 emperise), 5 em- 

prys, enprise, ymprise, enpriss, 7 empries, 4~ 
emprise, -ize. 8. 4 enpress, em-, imprese, 4-6 
imprease. [a.OF. emprise,emprinse, com, Romanic 

= Pr. empreza, Sp. empresa, It. impresa:—late L. 
*imprensa, f. ppl. stem of *imprendére (in OF. 
emprendre) to take in hand, f. z#- in + prehendtre 
to take. 

The 17th c. forms em-, imprese appear to be influenced 
by je = or It. ; cf. Empress sd.?, Impress sd.* which are ulti- 
mately the same word; the earlier express is difficult to 
gr See also Aprise.] : 

. An undertaking, enterprise; esf, one of an 
adventurous or chivalrous nature. 

a ne Cursor M. Man to dei, godd for to rise, 
Moght nan tak elles pis emprise. 1375 Barsour Bruce ut. 
276 To bryng All thar es to gud ending. c 1386 

HAUCER Knight's T. 1682 The lord considered it were 
destruccioun to gentil blood to fighten in this emprise. 1423 
Jas. L. Kingis Suair u. i, Nature first begyneth her en- 
prise. Fatrrax Jasso u. Ixxvii, If atchieue re- 
nowne pee empries. 1600 Hottanp Livy xxiu. xviii. 
486 Annibal for very shame was faine to give over his 
imprease. ware Pore Odyss. 1v.602 Ambushed we lie, and 

emprise. Scorr Romance (1874) 86 
The .. most extravagant emprises of the heroes of romance. 

1871 Browninc Pr. Hohenst. 773 Dare first The great 

emprise. 


182 
+b. A purpose, intent. Ods. ‘ 
raga Cowes Catite ase and eke hed what emprise 
I assote upon anonne. | S 
2. abstr. Cofratee rok waged prowess. 
. o Ww: 
a Sg Pons! Bu 3 play mae 


EMPTION. 


+ mawtening, wbl. sb. we = Empryine vé/, 5d. 
, 

emprening of the body i ae” °° Cre voveing and 

E-mptied, 7//. a. [f. Emery v.+-Ep.] That 

has been exhausted of £ contents. ] 


1400 on sti 
em . © 1500 Lancelot 3455 The worschip of knychthed 
pes pat 667 Mitton P L.x1. 642 Giants of mighti 
and bould emprise. 1782 Han. More David 1. 27 
Let not thy youth be dazzled... With deeds of bold emprise. 
1812 Byron Ch. Har. u. xxxviii, He..whose..foes Shrunk 
from his deeds of chivalrous —— 1863 Loner. Way- 
side Inx 1. Interl. 37 The deeds of high emprise, I sing ! 
+b. Difficulty, greatness of undertaking Obs. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pers. 7. ? 617 Him thinkith it is so gret 
emprise for to undertake to doon werkes of goodnes. 1393 
Come Conf. III, 252 It is..of none emprise To speke a 
wi . 


‘+ ¢. Pre-occupation, absorption of thought. Ods. 

c 1500 Lancelot 389 The vanyteis of slep..causith of sum 
maner influens, Empriss of thoght, ore superfleuytee. 

+3. Renown, glory, distinction. Oés. 

€ 1430 a Gener. (Roxb.) 1937 This goode ladie of high 
emprise Did him kisse in herti wise. c¢ 1500 Lancelot 269 
He hath the worschip and emprise. 

+b. Value, estimation. Ods. 
PRICE. } 

1375 Barsour Bruce x. 507 The Erll.. hye Enpriss Set ay 
apon Souerane bounte. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 147 But 
Manachaz saith other wise, That wine is of the more 
emprise. : 

+4. ?Spoil, prey. Ods. 

@ 1400 Octouian 769 Florent..tok of foweles greet em- 
pryse. : 

+ Empri‘se, v. Os. Also 5 en-, empryse. 
[f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To undertake, take on oneself. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pers. 7. » 329 Presumpcioun is whan a 
man undertakith and emprisith that him oughte not to do. 
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. Pref. 3, I haue enprysed..to reduce 
this sayd book in to our englysshe. 1490 — Eneydos 3, 1 
knowleche my selfe ignorant of connynge to enpryse on me 
so hie and noble a werke. 1590 7hree Lords & Ladies 
Lond. in Hazl. Dodsley V1. 376 Each in honour of his 
mistress, Hath here empris’d the challenge of his right. 
ax1608 Sackvitte Dk. Buckingham Wii. (D.), Thereto 
trusting I emprised the same. rs 

Hence Empri'sing //. a., enterprising, adven- 
turous. 

a 1844 CampBett Lines Departure Emigrants, Go forth 
and prosper then, emprising band. 

Emprison, obs. form of Imprison. 

Emproper, var. IMPROPER v. Ods. to appropriate. 

Empropriate, var. of IMpROPRIATE. 

Emprosthotonic (empry'spotp'nik), a. Path. 
rare. [ad. Gr. éumpoo@orovix-ds suffering from 
tetanic procurvation.] Of or characterized by 
EMPROSTHOTONOS. 

1883 Lauper Brunton in Nature 15 Mar. 468 The con- 
vulsions change their character and become emprosthotonic, 

|| Emprosthotonos (emprgspp'tings). Path. 
[mod.L., a. Gr. éuwpoo@éroves drawn forward and 
stiffened, f. €umpoabev before + révos a stretching.] 
‘A condition in tetanus in which the body is 
drawn forwards by excessive action of the anterior 
muscles of the trunk’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1657 Phys. Dict., Emprostotonos, a kind of cramp. 1685 
T. Cooke Marrow of Chirurg (ed. 4) 498 When the Body, 
Head, and Neck is drawn forwards, called Emprosthotonos. 
1775 Macxenzik, in Phil. Trans. LXVII. 7 A person in 
the emprosthotonos. 187 Sir T. Watson Lect. oh cod 
ed. 5) I. 559 The only example of emprosth which 


(? Influenced by 


ever saw. 
~ Emprove, -ment, obs. f. IMPROVE, -MENT. 
+Empse, a. Obs. rvare-'.  ? Desert, unin- 
habited. 


1642 H. More Song of Soul, Psychosoia, xxxvi, The 
satyres.. That in empse Ilands maken their abode. 
mpt (empt), v. Ods. exc. dial. Forms: 
1 &metzian, mtizan, &mtian, 2 emtien, 4 
emte(n, empte, 9 dia/. emp, ent, 6- empt. 
Sie amtian (ge-émtian), f. wkmt-a, xmetta 
eisure ; cf. Empry a. and v.] 
+1. intr. and ref. To beat leisure. Only in OE. 
_ ¢ 825 a xlv[i]. 10 AEmetgiad ant gesiad fordon 
ic eam dry! Lrric Gram. xxxiii. 206 (Z,) Aemti- 


c 1205 Lay. pes; di del 
3. trans. To make empty; to drain, exhaust. 
Zit, and fig. Const. of. Also vefl.= Empty v, 2, 3. 
1340 A. . 58 Ase t emt herte of hi 
c 1386 ae cae beret ig 188 Ther-by aks 
nat wynne But wa his purs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De 


P.R. xu, xx. ( Abyssus.. neuer be 

+ ne emptyd. " SSownss. Arh. Andie (1879) mite 
I empt my laden hart. 1630 J. Tavtor (Water PS Was. /t 
Though a man in study take great paines, And omnox Lis 


veines. 1640 Brome aa, ong ut. vil, Unlesse I empt My 
er for you. 


brest of mercy to appease 1678 Hoszes Nat. 
Philos. iii. 27 That the Cylinder may empt itself. 1825 
Britton Beauties Wilts. Gloss., E: 


» to out, to 
empty. 1881 J. of Wight Gloss. (E. D.S.), Empt, to make 


empty. 
4. To pour forth, discharge, clear out (the con- 
tents of a vessel, etc.). 
1606 Warner 4/6. Eng. xiv. To Rdr., Muse, that.. 
oe poore wit poore winde to win. 1623 CocKERAM, 
Extercorate, to empt, or carry out dung, 


and marred 1812 

Wks. eee See emetyen of the gles. 

Barinc-Goutp Germany 11. 269 . «cesspool-emptiers are 
wn 


i deer Bal 


empty. 

1. gen. The condition of being void of contents, 
of not being filled, furnished, or inhabited. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe u. (1541) 45 The moderation of 
slepe must be measured..by emptynesse or fulnesse of the 

Y- 1535 CoverDALE 2 Esdras vil. 25 Vnto the full, plenty : 
and totheemptye, emptynesse. 1597SHaks. 2 Hen. /V,1. vi. 
75 His Coffers sound With hollow Pouerty, and Emptinesse. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 300 Appeti isteth in the Empti- 
ness of the Mouth of the Stomack. 1680-1 Penn Was. 
Isaac Pennington \. A iij b, In that emptiness they waited 
to be filled of him that filleth all things. 1719 Watts 
Hymns 1. cii, Blest are the humble souls that see Their 
emptiness and agreg b - Pore Dunc. 1. 33 Keen hollow 
winds howl thro’ the bl recess, Emblem of music caus’d 
4 emptiness. 1747 Wa.pote Lett. H. Mann 178 (1834) 
II. 203 No idea of the emptiness of London. 
Trencu Huds. Lect. u. vii. 261 This was the emptiness of 
which Christ's coming should be the answering fulness. 
1885 Manch. Exam. 15 Apr. 3/1 Emptiness of subject and 
monotony of treatment. 

b. concr. Void space; a vacuum. 

1570 Dee Math, Pref. 35 Water. .by descending to leaue 
Emptiness at his backe. 1625 Donne Serm. iii. 22a, A sup- 
plying of all Emptinesses in our Soules. 1691-8 Norris 
Pract. Disc. 1V. 327 An Emptyness which they can never 
fill. 1713 WARDER 7rue Amazons 35 The occasion of this 
vast Emptiness in the Hive. 1877 Bryant Lit. People Snow 
346 Where once they made their haunt, was emptiness. 

2. The state of being void of certain specified 
contents, or of a specified quality, Const. of: 

1593 Hooker Zec/. Pol. 1. i, Emptines of Christian loue 
and charity. 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. St. mi, iii. 157 
Such boasting sounds | ceraoe~ emptinesse of desert. 
1707 FLover Physic. Pulse-Watch 362 The Pulsus pro- 
fundus. .indicates..emptiness of Humours. strg Meenas 
Jvories v. 45 To absence of composition. . were neglect 


and tiness of form. 4 be 4 

3. “Want of solidity or substance; inability to 
satisfy desire; unsatisfactoriness; vacuity, hol- 
lowness. 

a@ 1695 DrypEen Du/resnoy Pref. xii, "Tis this which causes 
the Graces .. to subsist in the emptiness of Light and 
Shadows. 1710 Stee.e Tatler No. 271. ? 4 To lay before my 
Readers the Emptiness of Ambition. 1781 Cowrer Hope 156 
Hope. .has the wondrous virtue to educe a it- 
self'a real use. 1860 W. Coutins Wom. White 125 Objections 
that rose to my lips.. died away in their own emptiness. 
1871 Miss Brappon Fevton's Quest I. ii. 28 There was no 
more dulness or emptiness for Gilbert Fenton in his life 
at Lidford. . A " 

b. pl. Trifles, trivialities, ‘ bee 

1843 James Forest Days (1847) 14 ittle emptinesses 
which ccoupy free banrts In the ently macetiag ay fe 
MACcLAREN > Commw, 11 Dec. 111/2 Unsubstantial 


‘A ill : : 
4. Want of knowledge ; lack of sense; inanity. 
Also, of an author or a composition: Lack of 
vigorous thought or expression; meagreness or 
poverty of matter, 
. Rowtanp Moufet's Theat. Ins. 1013, 1 wonder at 
Baa ea bite ae el 
ARTH » IV. (1730) 12 fens n- 
ing Press With Peals of most Seraphick Emptiness. 1 
Pore Dane. t 185 Me omen ser dulness could , eS 
nd were my elasticit: 1844 iTANLEY 
{r6s0) 1 iv. 108 The falsehood and emptiness of the Latin 


+Em vol, sb. [f. Empr v,+-1NG.1] = 
Empryine ; in U.S. the f/. in the sense ‘yeast’ is 
pronounced oon) but often written emptyings: 


see EMpryIne £ sic ss pe 
Lowtis, Poet Webra 99 Tewll take tore cnptins 
an Ce ser pen ges ‘o give such heavy cakes as 
them a start. 

Emption (empfon). [ad. L. emptidn-em buy- 
pg canon onl onl 

action of buying: a p 

Pe eh te erate key 
saptayeet ol nsuns after emai nine avetiones 
of his office. 1736 Carte Ormonde I. 4 
tion for the sole emption. . was offered to 


wa N ty 1783 


EMPTIONAL. 


Burke Rep. Af. India Wks. 1842 XI. 143 By a limitation 
of the right of emption of foreign opium. 

2. Roman Law. Purchase, in the contract of 
sale (L. emptio, as correlated with venditio). 

1555 HarpsrieLp Divorce Hen. VIII, (1878) 241 There 
is emption and vendition contracted as soon as the parties 
be condescended upon the price. 1727 ArBUTHNoT Coins 
(T.), There is a dispute among the lawyers, Whether Glaucus 
exchanging his golden armour with the brasen one of 
‘Tydides was emption or commutation. 

Emptional (empjenil), a. 
That may be purchased. 


+Empti'tious, 2. Obs. rare—'.  [f. L. emp- 
tici-us {. empt- ppl. stem of emére to buy +-ous: 
ef, dian tons} Venal, capable of being bought. 

1650 A. B. Mutat. Polemo 11 Emptitious as he was. .they 
.- knew well enough how to over value him. 

|| Emptor (e’mptos, -a1). Rom. Law. [a. L. 
emptor, agent-n. f. emére to buy.) A purchaser. 

1875 Poste Gaius 1. (ed. 2) 108 He had to utter the formula 
..ie. to invite the emptor to strike the scale with the ingot. 

+E-mptory. 0és. [ad. late L. emptorium place 
of buying: see prec.] A mart, market-place. 

x Heyun Help to Hist. (1680) 474 The common Mart 
or Emptory. 1665-76 Ray Flora 146 The flower-market, 
the common Emptory of trash and refuse. 

Empty (e‘mpti), a. and sd. Forms: 1 émetis, 
émtiz, émtiz, 3,5 amti, -tie, 3-4 emti, empti, 
4-7 emty, emptie, -ye, 4- empty. [OE. xmetiz, 
f. emetta leisure + - ‘ -Y. 

The vowel of the middle syllable was dropped already in 
OE. The initial #, being shortened, yielded as usual in 
ME. dialects the parallel forms @ and &; hence the forms 
amti and emti; the former died out in 15th century; the 
latter (with the euphonic # normal between and ¢) is 
represented by the mod. form.] 


[f. prec. +-au.] 


+1. Of persons: At leisure, not occupied or 
engaged. Also, unmarried. Only in OE. 

c K. ZE.rrep Gregory's Past. li. 401 Pet hie ne wenen 
Set hie.. nag mzzen wid da emtegan wifmen. c1000 
#Etrric Hom, (Th.) II. 441 Martha swanc, and Maria set 
emtiz. 

2. Of a material receptacle: Containing nothing ; 
opposed to fu//. Also fig. of anything that may 
be said to be ‘filled’. 

97: Blicki. Hom. 5 Heo [the Virgin Mary] wes ‘ful’ 
cweden nzs ‘zmetugu’. c1300 Beket 2178 The sculle al 
amti was : and no brayn therinne bilevede. ¢ 1386 CuaAv- 
cER Reeve’s Prol. 40 Almost al empty is pe tonne. 1514 
Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (1847) 62 With empty belly 
and simple poore aray. 1599 SHaxs. Hen. V, tv. iv. 73 
The empty vessel makes the greatest sound. a 1628 Pres- 
ton New Covt. (1634) 62 Nothing is said to be empty, but 
when you look for a fullnesse in it. 1673 O. WALKER Educ. 
(1677) 103 They bring forth yellow and emty eares, before 
the harvest. 1732 Pore Ep. Bathurst 320 Which of these 
is worse, Want with a full or with an empty purse? 1732 
Arsutunot Rules of Diet 269 They might be taken in an 
empty Stomach. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 374 The gall- 
bladder and ducts are found empty. 1860 ‘I'ynpatt Glac. 
1. § 11. 80, I now filled our empty wine-bottle with snow. 

b. Void of certain specified contents ; fig. de- 
void of certain specified qualities, etc. Const. 
‘from, + in, of 

1483 Caxton Cato Gj, Empty of alle goodes and fylled 
of alle euyll. 1588 Suaxs. LZ. Z. L. v. ii. 878 And I shal 
find you emptie of that fault. ae Merch, Vw. i. 5 
Empty From any dram of mercie, 1600 — A. Y. LZ. 1. vii. 93 
In ciuility thou seem’st so emptie. Be. Hatt Hard 
Texts 97 We. .are of ourselves emptie of all good. a@1727 
Newron (J.), The heavens are much emptier of air than 
any vacuum we can make below. 1860 Trencu M7rac. 
xxxi. (1862) 444 The Gentiles were empty of all fruits of 
righteousness. 1 Mut L£xam. Hamilton's Philos. 87 

etaphysical doctrines which .. are empty of the smallest 
substance. A 

3. transf. +a. Having one’s purse, etc. empty ; 
destitute of money. (Only contextual.) Ods. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 15 The Apostles .. 
should wander through the whole world emptie of all 
worldly furniture. 1722 De For P. é (1756) 173 Those 
that had Money. .were able to subsist themselves; but those 
who were empty suffered .. great Hardships. 1724 
Mem. Cavalier (1840) 151 The king [was] quite empty of 
money. 


pb. Having an empty stomach; hungry. Now 


only collog. 
1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. VJ, m, i. aa Wer'’t not all one, an 
emptie Eagle were set, To guard the Chicken from a hungry 


Kyte. 1620 SHetton Don Quix. III. xxx. 209 And where 
there is plenty the Guests are not empty. 1719 De For 
Crusoe (1840) II. viii. 182 I found myself empty. 
+e. Of the body: Wanting fullness, shrunken, 

emaciated. Also of the pulse: Weak, ‘slender’. 
'¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth, u. i. 4 pe slak[e] trembleb 
vpon myn emty body. 1486 Bk. St. Alban’s Cja, Sum 
hawkys in mew..when they be Empty and lene. 1533 

tyot Castel Helthe 1. (1541) 45 b, Where the body is lon, 
empty by heemy syknesse or abstinence, slepe comforte 
nature. 1707 FLover Physic. Pulse-Watch 412 An empty 
Pulse shews small Strength, 

4. Ofs . a person’s place, etc.: Vacant, un- 
occupied. Ofa house, etc.: Devoid of furniture 


or inmates. Also jig. 
971 Blickl. Hom. 37 = on us 
stow ig gastlicra 
..was ydel ant emtiz. c1z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 


Seo 
E sgehcomagag and fint hit emti and mid beseme 
lene swopen. 4@ 1225 Ancr. R, 156 Non empti stude ide 


ne sy zemeted nenizgu 
cx1000 AtLFric Gev, i. 2 


183 


heorte to underuongen flesliche leihtren. 1297 R. Grouc. 
17 Amty place he made a boute, & folc fleu hym faste. 
ae ry en L. G.W., 888 Tysbe..saw hire wympil 
& hise emty schede. 1514 Barcray Cyt. § Uplondyshm. 
(1847) 6 One maye clerely the emty nestes se._1593 SHAKs. 
2 Hen, V1, v. ii. 4 And dead mens cries do fill the emptie 
aire. 16xx Brite 1 Sam. xx. 25 Dauids place was emptie. 
1627 May Lucan x1. 503 With empty Standards reft of Com- 

anies, 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 516 Two rising 

eaps of liquid Crystal stand, And leave a Space betwixt, 
of empty Sand. 1709 Stee.e Tatler No. 182 P1 The Town 
‘ows so very empty. 1864 Skeat UAland’s Poems 273 
very room seemed empty now. 

b. quasi-sé, A void (space). 

1535 CoverDALE ¥ob xxvi. 7 He stretcheth out y® north 
ouer the emptie. 

5. Without anything to carry. 

a. Of a carriage, ship, etc. (=sense 2). Hence 
transf. of a beast of burden: Without a load 
(vare in mod. use). 

¢ 1330 King of Tars 201 And sadeles mony emptye. 1502 
ARNoLDE Chron. (1811) 197 Item an emty horse only i. d’. 
1586 MarvoweE 1st Pt. Tamburl. 1. ii, Return our mules and 
empty camels back. 1607 TorseLtt Kour-f. Beasts (1673) 
244 When you have used him [the horse] to leap empty, 
likewise accustome him loaded. 1697 DrypEN Virg. Georg. 
ut. 271 Persuade ’em first to lead an empty wheel. 1714 
Fr. Bk. of Rates 412 Vessels. .empty, or loaded with Masts, 
Planks, and other Timber. 1796 Log in Nicolas Disf. 
Nelson VII. p.\xv, A Ship and a Brig from Finale. .proving 
..empty. 1884 Sir W. MeMurpo in Padd MallG. 18 June 
2/t FitzGerald. .started with the empty camels in a bee-line 
across the desert. i 

b. Of the hand: Not bringing or carrying any 
thing away. Hence of persons : = EMPTY-HANDED; 
chiefly as predicative complement, e.g. 70 go, 
come away empty. 

c1s00 New Notbr. Mayd in Anc. Poet. Tracts 45 The 
poure may stande, With empty hande. 1535 CovERDALE 
Ruth iii. 17 Thou shalt not come emptye vnto thy mother 
in lawe. 1607 SHaxs. Ti20n m1. vi. 40, I return’d you an 
empty Messenger. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. £. [nd. 
I. xi. 119 The Custom, not to appear before great Men 
with an empty Hand. 

Jig. 175% Jortin Sernt. (1771) VI. 198 The prayers of the 
Penitent return notempty. 1850 TENNYSON /7 Mev. ut. iii, 
A hollow form with empty hands. 

e. As a Biblical Hebraism, of a sword, Zo re- 
turn empty. 

1611 Biste 2 Sam.i.22. 1677 Hussarp Narrative 98 
Whom [sixty of the enemy] they slew and took, so as their 
Sword returned not empty. 

6. a. Of persons, their projects, etc.: Lacking 
knowledge and sense ; frivolous, foolish. 

161 Brs_e Pref. 8 This was iudged to be but a very poore 
and emptie shift. — Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 18 Our 
best Philosophers will but prove empty Conjecturalists. 
@ 1674 CLarENDON Hist. Red. (1704) ILI. xu. 307 A very 
empty and unprepared design. 1696 Tate & Brapy Ps. 
exliv. 4 His Thoughts but empty are and vain. 1707-8 
Let. in Hearne’s Coll. 11. 91 _A silly, empty pretender to 
Greek, 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 75 ? 6 The empty Cox- 
comb has no Regard to any thing..Sacred. 1727 De For 
Syst. Magic 1. iv. (1840) 98 The meanest, emptiest, and 
most inconsistent project. 

b. Of things: Wanting solidity and substance ; 
unsatisfactory, vain, meaningless. 

1340 Ayenb. 143 Zuo emti to be zizbe of bo greate blisse. 
1603 SHaks. Meas- for M.u. iv. 2 Heauen hath my empty 
words. 1 Mitton P. Z. mt. 454 Find Fit retribution, 
emptie as thir deeds. 1674 Brevint Saul at Endor 230 
It is but an emty Phantome. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 
iv. 710 All his Hopes exhal’d in empty Smoke. 1711 STEELE 
Spect. No. 79 P 9 All these Acts are but empty Shows. 
1718 Freethinker No. 60. 34 It is not an empty Title..buta 
Right. 1728 Pore Dunc.1.54 Weighs. .solid pudding against 
empty neg 21764 Liovn Whim Poet. Wks. 1774 Il. 166 
Wrangling wits. .quarrel for an empty name, 1813 SHELLEY 
. Mab. iv, Words..Empty and vain as his own coreless 

eart, 1837 THIRLWALL paleo IV. xxxii. 229 Nor were 
these mere empty professions. 1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 
766/x Frightened by the emptiest of bugbears. 

B. sb. Comm. An empty truck or wagon; an 
empty box, cask, etc. which has contained goods. 

1865 Morn. Star x Feb., I was ordered..to.. send the 
empties off first. 1881 Daily News 22 Aug. 3/2 George 
Whitehead, a dealer in empties at Mile-end Hewes. 
1884 Harper's Mag. May 874/2 They are..made into a long 
train in exchange for ‘empties’. 

C. Comé.(parasynthetic adjs.),as empty-basketed, 
-bellied, fisted, -headed, -hearted, -pannelled (in 
Falconry), -pated, -skulled, -stomached, -vaulted ; 
also EMPTY-HANDED. 

1883 Harper's Mag. Apr. 702/2 Fisher people .. coming 
back “empty besketed. 1836-48 B. D. 2 704-29 Aristoph. 
Knights 1. tii, You’ve cut *Empty-bellied to the Town- 
hall. 1664 H. More Myst. Jnig. xv. 52 Fear of the Saints 
displeasure, if they approach *empty-fisted. 1650 B. Dzs- 
collim. 17_*Empty-headed, Fiddle. brain'd Men. 1873 
Symonps Grk. Poets iii. 86 Trample on the empty-head 
rabble. 1605 SHaxs. Lear 1. i. 155 Nor are those *empty- 
hearted, whose low sounds Reuerbe no hollownesse. 1842 
Mannine Serm., viii. (1848) I. 109 Empty-hearted followers 
of this vain-glorious world. 1575 Turserv. Fadconrie 313 
Let hir stande *emptiepanneld upon the same untill night. 
1820 Scott A déot xxxiii, There are *empty-pated coxcombs 
at each corner. 1863 Mrs. C. CLarKe Shaks. Char. vi. 
159 Quackery may, and does succeed for a season. .with the 
*empty-skulled. 1827 ANDREW phen i Distyll. Waters 
Aij, Them that *empty-stomaked thrughe overmoche 
hete of the stomake. 1861 Du Cuattiu Eguat. A/r. vi. 58 
The only empty-stomached individual of the company. 1634 
Mitton Comus 249 They float .. through the *empty- 
vaulted night. 


EMPTYING. 


Empty (empti), v. Forms: [1 3e-émtizian]), 
6-7 emptie, 6- empty. [f. Empry a.; the form 
with prefix ze- appears in OE.; subsequently the 
word does not appear in our quots. before 16th c. 
Cf. Empr.] 

1. trans. To make empty; to pour out, draw 
off, or remove the contents of (anything) ; to clear 
(a house, etc.) of furniture or of inmates. 

[c 1000 AELrric Hom. (Th.) I. 290 [Arius] wes swa geem- 
tozod on his innode swa swa he wes zr on his zeleafan.] 
1sss Even Decades W. Ind. u. 1. (Arb.) 110 They had 
emptied theyr quyuers. 1602 Carew Cornwall 20b, An 
ill... saved Harvest soon emptieth their old store. 162: 
Conway in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. 292 ILI. 157 Bleeding, [ 
will] emptie my vaynes. 1 Miton P. ZL. 1. 633 These 
pulses Legions, whose exile Hath emptied Heav’n. 1697 

RYDEN Virg. Georg. 1v. 493 Empty the woolly Rack, and 
fill the Reel. 1763 J. Brown Poetry §& Mus. aL at The 
Kettle is in Part empty’d in the Morning. 1791 CowPer 
Iliad xvi. 356 All our houses .. Stand emptied of their 
hidden treasures. 1798 Canninc New Morality 40 in 
Anti-Facobin 9 July (1852) 202 Empty all thy quiver on 
the foe. 

b. To transfer the whole contents of (a vessel, 
etc.) to another receptacle. Const. +72, i/o, 


upon. Also fig. 
1598 Suaxs. Merry W. ut. iii. 15 Empty it in the muddie 


ditch. 1833 Hr. Martineau Cinnamon & Pearls v. 90 
Markets into which we can empty our warehouses. 1865 
Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. 122 Bob carried .. one of those iron 
models of sugar-loaf hats. .into which he emptied the jug. 

ec. To drain away, pour off, clear out (the con- 
tents of anything). Also fig. ’ 

1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India 31 That with two pumpes 
they might not emptie the water. 1823 Lams //ia, Ser. 1. 
xxili. (1865) 396 To perceive all goodness emptied out of him. 

2. To unburden, discharge, clear of (wth obs.) 
certain specified contents. Chiefly ¢ransf. and jig. 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 103 Pryde .. fylleth a 
man or woman full of..vaynglory .. but mekenes emptyeth 
them. 1555 Even Decades W. Ind. Pref. (Arb.) 55 Whether 
the sandes of the ryuers..bee so emptied with golde. 1593 
Hooker Eccl. Pol. w. x. (1611) 147 Emptying the Church 
of euery such rite and ceremony. a 1628 Preston New 
Covt. (1634) 397 The spirit of bondage .. empties a man of 
all righteousness. 1 Mitton P. LZ. mt. 731 The neigh- 
bouring Moon With borrowd light her countenance triform 
Hence fills and empties. 1850 Tennyson /2 Mem. vu. ii, 
And all The chambers emptied of delight. 1874 Mortey 
Compromise (1886) 140 Formularies, which he has first to 
empty of all definite. significance. 

3. vefl. Of persons: Chiefly said of Christ, after 
Gr. éxévwoe éavtdv (A.V. ‘made himself of no 
reputation’) PAz/.ii. 7. Formerly also, to exhaust 
all one’s resources. 

1579 Futxe Heskins’ Parl. 114 He emptied himselfe . 
taking the shape ofa seruant. 165: N. Bacon Hist, Disc. 
Ivii. 170 But emptied themselves to the utmost for his 
delivery. 1658 Whole Duty Man xvii. § 11. 142 Christ 
emptied himself of all..glory and greatness. 174x WATTS 
Improv. Mind (1801) 355 Jesus the mediator emptied him- 
self for our sakes. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. I. 380 He.. 
emptied Himself of His glory..as the. .co-equal Son. 

4. refi. Of a river, etc.: To discharge itself zo 
another river, the sea, etc.; said also of a blood- 
vessel. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 284 A branche of Nilus 
which emptieth it selfe in owre sea. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 
ul. xxix. 173 The Veins..empty themselves into the Heart. 
1728 Dr For Voy. round World (1840) 306 A large river 
empties itself into this bay. 1860 TyNpALL Glac. 1. 34 The 
river. empties itself into the lake. 

b. intr. for ref. Now chiefly in U.S. 

a1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 165 The Rivers Arnon, 
Cedron, Zaeth, which empty into this valley. 1692 tr. 
Sadlust 50 Allthese together empty’d into Rome as into the 
common sewer ofalldisorder. _ 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 

85 Sheepscot river..empties into the ocean. 1864 G. P. 

farsu Man & Nature 402 Until the year 1714, the Kander 
.-emptied into the river Aar. 

5. intr. for ref. To become empty. 

1633 B. Jonson Epithalamion Wks. (1838) 718 The chapel 
empties ; and thou may’st be gone Now, Sun. 1654 Gayron 
Festivous Notes 100 As his purse failed, or pockets emptied. 
1850 Mrs. Cartyce Le?t. 11. 109 Now that the town is empty- 
ing. 1885 Manch. Exam. 5 May 5/5 The benches had almost 
emptied for the dinner hour. 


_E-mpty-handed, «. [see Empry a.) Havy- 
ing nothing in the hand: chiefly in phrases, Zo 
£0, come, etc. empty-handed. 
a. Bringing nothing, es. no gift. Also fig. 

1613 Purcuas Pilgr., Descr. India (1864) 40 None.. may 
come before the King with any Petition emptie-handed. 
1775 SHERIDAN Rivals u. ii, I guessed you weren’t come 
empty-handed. ~— IrvinG Goldsmith 31 His daughter 
.. entered her husband’s family empty-handed. 1871 Ros- 
sett Poems, Last Confess. 22, 1 ed a village-fair..And 
thought, being empty-handed, I would take Some little 


present. 
Jig. 1855 SMEDLEY Occult Sc. 258 Proving .. that the pre- 
scient spirit comes empty-handed 
b. Carrying nothing away. 


1635 Austin Medit. 137 De 
emptie-handed from the world. 1835 W. Irvinc Zour 
Prairies 119 He [the hunter] returned empty-handed. 1868 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) II. vii. 102 At all events 
Swegen went away empty-handed. 

E-mptying, vé/. sb. [f. Empry v. + -1e 1.] 

1. The action of making empty. 

1605 SHaxs. Macé. w. iii, 68 Intem 
Th’ vntimely emptying of the happy 


ting as he [Christ] did 


rance..hath beene 
hrone. 31651 Wittiz 


Pd a Snes a 


EMPURPLE. 


tr. Primrose’s Pop. Err. 297 Bloud-letting..is..called the 
emptying of the 

2. concr. a. What is br ap out of any vessel ; 
also fig. b. pl. Yeast (ods. exc. U.S. as an arti- 
ficial sprites for emptins ; see EMPTING). 

1650 B. Discollim. 23 A few Brewers emptyings. 1813 
Soutuey Nelson II. 36 Galley slaves, the emptying of the 
jails, and banditti. 1860 / cate Cond. Life, Power 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 333 If we will make bread, we must have 
+ weast, emptyings. oe 

mpurple (empz1p'l), v. Also 7 enpurple, 

6 inpurple, 7-8 impurple. gach aaa 
zrans. To make purple; to redden. 

1590 Spenser F. Q. m1. vii. 17 Wildings .. whose sides em- 
purpled were with smyling red. 1623 Drumm. or Hawtu. 
Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 119The violets. .impurple not the 
winter. 1630 — Poems Wks. (1711) 5 O sacred bl , enpurpl- 
ing cheeks pure skies With crimson wings. 16 Mitton 
P. Lem. The bright Pavement or ag 'd with Celestial 
Roses smil’d. 1755 Jounson, Emipurple. 1772 Sir W. Jones 
Laura 62The rising flowers impurpled every dale. 1804 J. 
Graname Sabbath 489 That setting sun Is now empurpling 
Scotland’s mountain tops. 18.. Mrs. Browninc Lam. for 
Adonis v, The blood ran away And empurpled the thigh. 
1884 Hunter & WuytE My Ducats §& Dau. i. (1885) 2 A 
dye-work..daily empurpled the stream. 

b. To robe or clothe in purple. rare. 

1598 FLorio, Porforare, to impurpleor inroabe with scarlet. 
1868 BrecHER Serm. Crowned Suffering, The ribald 
soldiery..empurple him [Christ]. 

Empurpled (empa'1p'ld), Af/. a. [f. prec. + 
-rp 1.) That is made or turned purple ; reddened. 

1708 J. Puitirs Cyder (1807) 60 Down rain th’ impurpled 
balls, ambrosial fruit. 1790-1813 A. WiLson Sheph. Dream 
Poet. Wks. 11 Bleaters, nibbling o’er th’ empurpled plain. 
18.. Macauay /vry, We thought of Seine’s empurpled flood. 

b. Clad in or covered with purple. Also fig. 

1860 T. Martin Horace 55 Barbaric monarchs’ mothers, 
and empurpled tyrants fear. 1878 Masgue Poets 30 The 
empurpled ease Of her Greek couch. 

mpurpling (emp iplin), Ap/. a. [f. as prec. 

+-ING*.] a. That makes purple, reddens. b. 
That grows purple. 

1793 CoLeripGE Songs of Pixies ix, The impurpling vale. 
*797 Mrs. Ravcurre J/talian xxx. (1824) 696 An empur- 
pling and reposing hue. 

Empusa (empiv‘za). Also 7-9 empuse. [a. 
Gr. éyrovoa.] 

1. In classical sense: A hobgoblin or spectre 
supposed to be sent by Hecate. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 598 Little children, 
whom they use to scarre with the fantastical illusion 
Empusa. 1% Jer. Taytor Dissuas. Popery 1. i. § 10 
This was well tried of old against an Empuse that met 
Apollonius Tyaneus. 1855 SMEDLEY Occult Sc. 72 A near 
kinsman of the classical Empusa. 

+2. A hobgoblin, spectre, phantom. Oés. 

162x MoLLE Camerar. Liv. Libr. w. 264 This faire bride 
isan Empuse or Hag. 1678 Cupwortn /tedd. Syst. 1. ii. 
62 An Empusa, Phantom, or Spectre. 1 in Kersey 
1775 in AsH. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

+3. Comd., as in empusa-land. Obs. (nonce-wa.) 

1799 W. Taytor in Robberds Mem. I. 305 When I return 
from empusaland to reality. 

4. A genus of the family Zx/omophthorex. 

+ Empw‘zzle, v. O¢s. In 7 empuzzel. [f. 
En- + Puzz.e sb. or v.] trans. To puzzle. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef.1.i. 1 It hath empuzzeled 
the enquiries of others. .to make out how, etc. 

Empyema (empi,7‘ma). 7ath. [mod.L., a. 
Gr. éumvnua a gathering, suppuration, f. éumvé-ew 
to suppurate.] 

1. ‘A collection of pus in the cavity of the pleura, 
the result of pleurisy. The term has also been 
used to denote any chronic inflammatory effusion 
in the chest’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1615 Crooxe Body of Man 367 You.shall open a mans side 
diseased of the Empyema, 1702 C. Matner Magn. Chr. 
vu. (1852) App. 606 All his. .skill in anatomy could not pre- 
vent its producing an empyema. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. 
Surg. I. 569 Suppuration in the antrum, or Empyema. 

2. In wider sense: Suppuration. rare. 

1866 A. Fiinr Princ. Med. (1880) 149 The term empyema 
only expresses the existence of pus, without indicating its 
situation. 1880 tr. Z7emssen’s Cycl. Med. 1X. 545 This so- 
called Empyema of the Gall bladder. 

+3. ‘An operas to discharge all sorts of 
matter with which the midriff is loaded by making 
a perforation in the Breast’ (Kersey), Obs.—° 

1721-1800 in Bary. 1775 in Asx. 

+ Empye'matous, @. Med. Obs. rave". [f. 
Gr. éumunyat- stem of éumdnua + -0us.] Belong- 
ing to or suffering from Empyema. So + Em- 
pyema'tic [see -10]. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 45 Eaten by those that 
have the perip y, or are empy +. and those 
that spit forth empyematous matter. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. 
Compit. [Nettle] is good for. .empyematick by 

+Empy‘ic, a. Med. Obs. rare. [ad. Gr. éumux- 
és supparating-] That suffers from EMpYEMa. 

[1657 Phys. Dict., Empyici, are such as have an imposthume 
or bladder broken in the side of the lungs.] 1684 tr. Bomet’s 
Merc. Comfit. v. 141 This Sinus is especially considerable in 


tapping Empyick persons. 
+ Em , a. Path. Obs. vare—', [f. prec. 


+-AL.]=prec. 
x S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. 111 The weight of the 
Fluid in an empyecal [sic] Person, 


1384 
+Em ,v. Obs. rare}. [ad. F. empirer, 
variant of OF. emfeirer: see Impair.] trans. To 
hicaieer: 1 
ae Deere Horace’s Sat. ii. F vb, Let furious fortune 
fi . She much empyre our cates. 
+Em a. Obs. Also 4empiry, 6 empire. 


fad. mi calum) empyreum, empyrium: see 
YREAL.] = EmpyREAL, EMPYREAN. 

1340 Hamrote Pr. ange me Pis heven is cald heven em- 
piry. 1520 Myrr. our Ladye 302 Heuen empyre. 1549 
Compt. Scot. 48 The hauyn empire. 1594 DickENson A7is- 
bas (1878) 30 His heroique spirit .. ascended to the 
Empyre heaven. 

Empyreal (empi'r/al, empir7“al), a. Forms: 
5 imperyal, 7 empyreall, emperial, imperial(1, 
7-8 empyrial(l, 6- empyreal. [f. Med.L. em- 
pyreus, empyreus, f. Gr. ¢umbp-os fiery) + -AL.] 

1. Of or pertaining to the Empyrean or highest 
heaven. Also fig. 

1481 Caxton Myrr, ut. xxxii. 184 And that is called the 
heuen Im al. c1590 Mar_owe Faust. vi.63 The seven 
planets, the firmament, and the empyreal heaven. 1652 
Caryt Fob xiv. 12. 604 The imperial heaven, which is called 
the Seat of the blessed. 1667 Mitton ?. L. vu. 14 Into the 
Heav’n of Heav’ns I have presum’d..and drawn Empyreal 
aire. 1732 Pore Ess. Manu. 23 Go soar with Plato to th’ 
empyreal sphere. 1850 W. Irvixc Mahomet vii. (1853) 39 
Seated securely in the empyreal heavens. a 

b. Of or pertaining to the sky or visible heaven ; 
celestial. 

1744 AKeNsIDE Pleas. Jag. 1. 202 Amaz’d she views The 
empyreal waste. 1882 WHINFIELD tr. Omar Khayyam 64 
Yon palace whose roofs touch the empyreal blue. 

e. quasi-sb. 

1827 Kesie Chr. Y., Quinguages. Sund., Happy souls .. 
Plunge in th’ empyreal vast. 

2. fig. Sublime, elevated, superior, rare. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. u. (1851) 143 A mortall thing among 
many readers of no Empyreall conceit. 1735-6 H. Brooke 
Univ. Beauty 1. 194 Empyreal natures with empyreal 
names. a1797 W. Mason Ode to Truth iv, 39 Shall a form.. 
of mould’ring clay, Vie with these charms empyrial ? 

3. In etymological sense: Fiery; composed of 
or resembling the pure element of fire. Also fig. 

1601 Deacon & WALKER Sfirits & Divels 93 They. .consist 
of empyriall or fierie bodies. a@1711 Ken Hymns Evang. 
Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 6 A chariot .. Of brightest empyreal 
Substance built. 1809 W. Irvine Knickerd. 1. i. (1849) 32 
Certain empyreal, luminous or phosphoric clouds. 

+4. Chem. Capable of supporting combustion. 
Empyreal air: Scheele’s name for oxygen. Obs. 

1780 tr. Scheele’s Experiments 35 Since this air is abso- 
lutely necessary for the generation of fire .. I shall hence- 
forth..call it empyreal air. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 
226 Only two undecompounded empyreal substances have 
been as yet discovered. 

+b. (See quot.) Obs. 

1801 Herscuet Sun in Phil. Trans. XCI. 303 An elastic 
gas, which may be called empyreal, is constantly formed 
{in the sun]. 

Empyrean (empir7‘an, empi'r/an), a. and sé, 
Also 6 empyrian, 7-8 empyrean. [f. as prec. 
+-AN.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to the sphere of fire or 
highest heaven. Also fig. 

1614 Rateicu /ist. World 1. 3 It pleased God first of all 
to create the Emp Heaven. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. 
Mor. 93 The pearl we seek for is not to be found in the 
Indian, but in the empyrean ocean. 1796 Morse Amer. 
Geog. 1. 27 Above the starry sphere .. finally the empyrean 
heaven, or heaven of heavens. 1805 Worpsw. Prelude iv. 
(1850) 98 Drenched in empyrean light. a 1839 Praep Poems 
(1864) II, 306 From the Courts of the Empyrean dome 
Came forth what seemed a fiery car. 


. 5d, 

1. The highest heaven. In ancient cosmology the 
raped of the pure element of fire: in Christian use, 
the abode of God and the angels. Also fig. 

1667 Mitton P. ZL. vit. 73 Divine Interpreter sent Down 
from the Em n. 2755 in Jounson. 1847 Lo. Linpsay 
Chr. Art 1. Introd. 32 e empyrean, the first work of 
creation and the residence and throne of God. 1878 New- 
coms Pop, Astron. iv. 408 The empyrean, or kingdom of 

e. 

2. transf. a. The visible heavens or firmament. 
b. The whole extent of cosmic space. 

1808 J. Bartow Columb. v. 456 O’er great, o'er small 
extends his poe laws, Empalms the empyrean. 18a 
Craic Lect. Drawing v. 262 The vast emp n of the sky. 
1880 M. Parrison Milton xiii. 179 The eek universe 
itself [b ] a drop suspended in the infinite empyrean. 

+Empyre‘um. 0/s. Also empyreum. [a. 
L. empyreum (cwlum) the fiery heaven or sphere 
of fire.] = Empyrean B, 1. 

1647 CrasHaw Music’s Duel 9x In th’ em m of pure 

ny. 41680 Butter Rem. (1759) I. 11 Prove, if are 
other Suns..Or Windows in the timp um, @ 171x Ken 
eon, Poet. Wks, 1721 III. on Teale Empyreum 
.» Thousands of thousands their bright Beams display. 
Priestiey Matt. § Spir. (1782) I. vi. 67 When the Christian 
Bc ranged the regions of empyreum for some 


+ Empyreu'm(e. Obs. rare. Anglicized form 
of next. 

1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 24 They impress an 
Pic Need upon the intrails for oon subtil dissipative 
er. 1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. s.v. Angelica, There may 

Danger of an Empyreum from another Fire, 


on fire. 
+1. es quots, Oke. ; oe 
3 tr. . " That outward 
dock lieu unao k Wappen, ee ta, hoot lft by the fre 
Slancwngelagr es 1656 Ripcey Pract. Physic 


2. The ‘ burnt’ smell imparted by fire to organic 
substances. 

1641 Frencu Distill. i. (1651) 13 A certain Empyreuma, or 
smatch of the fire. 1736 eae Housh. Dict. 188 If the 


terated with salt, spice, 1858 
Life Shelley V1. 423 A disgusting taste. .gravely pronounced 
to be only an em 

+3. In 77.‘ Little feaverish remains, after a crisis. 
Also that thick viscous matter which settles at 
the bottom of distilled Water’ (Phillips). Ods.—° 

1721-1800 in Baitey. 1775 in AsH. 

pyreumatic (empi:rwme'tik),a. [f. Gr. 
éumupevpar- stem of éumipevya+-io.] Pertaining 
to, or having the quality of, EmpyrguMa ; tasting 
or smelling of burnt organic matter. 

1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 163 That fetid empyreu- 
Bory 1 which we pe eho Janus Introd. Moufet’s 
Health's I . 42 The Mass. .is. .ofa di Smell, 
empyreumatic, bitter. 179x Hamitton Berthollet’s ing 
I. 1. 1. v. 78 A dark coloured and empyreumatic ph! 3 
1862 Cornh. Mag. V1. 607 One pipe..represents a dose of 
nicotine and empyreumatic oil. 

tical (empi:rwmetikal), a. [f. 
as prec. + -ICAL.] = prec. 

1667 Boye Orig. Formes § Quai., Other Empyreumaticall 
oyles. 1669 — Contn. New Exp. u. (1682) 196 The Flesh 
had contracted a taste and a smell very empyreumatical. 
1725 Brapitey Fam. Dict. s.v. Nutmeg, To avoid the Em- 

yreumatical Impression it would erwise take. 1872 

3AKER Nile Tribut.ii. 35 The Arabs. .prepare their tanned 
skins with an empyreumatical oil. 

+Empyreu‘matism. Os. vare—'. [f. as 
prec.+-ISM.] Infection with an EmpyREuMa. 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 191 Accusing its medical 

rations of empyreumatism. _ 
pyreumatize (empir/mataiz), v. ff as 
rec, + -IZE.] ¢rans. To infect or taint with an 

{MPYREUMA. Hence Empyreu‘matized Z9/. a. 

1846 Blackw. Mag. LIX. 113 The smell of empyreuma- 
ised grease. .wafted to the nostrils. 

Empyrie, etc., obs. (erron.) f. of EMPIRIC, etc. 

Empyrical (empi'rikal), a. rave—°. [f. Gr. 
éumup-os burnt +-10+-AL.] a. Of or pertaining 
to burning or combustion. b. ‘ Containing the 
combustible principle of coal’ (Smart 1847). 

+Empyro'sis. Ods.rare—'. [a. Gr. éumipwos 
n. of action f. éumupd-ev =éurupevew to set on 
fire.] A general fire, conflagration. 

og! Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 217 The former Opinion 
that held these Cataclysms and universal. 1775 
in Asu. 1847 in Craic ; and in Dicts. 

Emrod(e, obs. var. of EMERALD, Emerop. 

+ E-mrose. Oés.-° ‘Probably a en Ane- 
mone (A. coronaria L.?)’ (Britten and Holland). 

1708 in Kersey, Zmrose, a flower. 1721-1800 in Bary. 


1778 in Asn. 
+’Emse‘lves, fron. Obs. [See’Em.] = TuEm- 
SELVES. 
To. te 2 ‘ 
a Cc ae, NG s Cent (1706) 31 They'd hardly ever 
Emte, obs. variant of Emer. 
Emtory, variant of Emprory, Ods. 
Emty, obs. variant of Empry. 
Emu, variant of Emzv. 
+Emu‘cid, a. Ods.—° [f. E- pref.3 +L. miicid- 
us oy mons. ae 
in BLount Glossogr. 2721 in Baitey. RAIG. 
{Bxoulable, a. Obs rere tL emeddre 
to EMuLaTE+-AaBLE.] Worthy of emulation. 
Leicuton Comm, 1st Pet. iii. 13 (R.) None are so 


com) but t may espy some .. emulable good .. in 
ut they py er oo 


meaner Christians. [In 

+ E-mulate, ¢. Ods. rave—'. [ad. L. wmulat- 
us pa. pple of wmula-ri to rival.] Ambitious, 
emulous, 

on Suaxs. Hawt, 1. i. 82 Prick’d on by a most emulate 


Pride. 

Emulate (e'mivle't), v. Also 7 emulate. [f. 
L. emulat- ppl. stem of xmula-ri to rival.) 

L trans. OF: 
(a person, his achievements or qualities); to copy or 


emulate, not enuie thy glorie. 1665 ood 
twixt their own ition, that of those they A2mulate. 


80 Con! 
1752 Hume Ess, §& Treat. (1777) 
than and Rome 2 
F. M. Pearp Contrad. I. 12 When will you emulate 
Archibald in the art of saying pretty things? 

2. Implying some degree of a: ga 
with, rival, attain or a to ity with. 
1807 G. preface wr cor a bjs Ha exulacca 


EMULATING. 


the Scottish kings in splendour. 1828 Scott /. 7. Perth 
xiii, My royal nephew will soon emulate his father’s wisdom. 
1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 52 Many of the Greek states 
lated Tyre in and opulence. 
b. Of things: To vie with, rival, equal or 
closely approach in any quality. 

1598 Suaxs. Je W. i. iii. 58, I see how thine eye 
would emulate the Diamond. 1660 BovLe New Exp. Phys. 
Mech. xxxvii. 307 age te wont. .to emulate. .the appari- 
tion of Light. 166x BoyLe Examen iii. (1682) 21 The Cor- 
puscles..tend to..emulate a spring. 1725 BrapLey am, 
Dict. s.v. Sycomore, The Liquor emulates that of the Birch. 
1833 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Zzfe Ill. i, 2 Lady 
Madalina Palmer is working one [a carpet] which emulates 
the paintings of Van Huysum. ot Saee 

+3. intr. To make it one’s ambition, strive in a 
spirit of rivalry (to do or obtain something). Const. 
inf. Obs. 

1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 40 Emulate to be nerer there 

‘ood nnings. 1619 H. Hurron Fodlie’s Anat. 49 

ulcan..did not strive, Or emulate to be superlative. 1649 
G. ead Trinarch., Hen. V, ccxvi, He..Emulated more 
to e. 

+4. trans. To desire to rival (a person, his 
fortune, achievements, etc.) ; ence, to be jealous 


of, envy, feel a grudge against. Ods. 

161r Tourneur Ath. Trag. v. ii, I begin to emulate thy 
death. 1624 Hreywoop Guxaik. 207 An opposite faction 
which emulated his goodnesse. 1654 Trapp Comm. Ps. 
Ixxiii. 3, I emulated, and stomached their prosperity. 

5. In occasional uses: a. ? To woo, contend 
emulously for (ods.). §b. To excite the emu- 
lation of. rare—1. 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars 1. xlvii, We see the early rising 
Sunne, With his bright Beames to emulate our sight. 1804 
Monson in Owen Wellesley Disp. 529 Each emulated the 
other to deeds of glory. 

Emulating (e'miz/lettin), AA/. a. [f. EMULATE 
v.+-ING%.] That emulates, Also fig. 

r6xo Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God xiv. iii. (1620) 474 
Who is more enuious, contentious, emulating and wrath- 
full against them then he? @1777 Fawkes tr. Smart's 
Wks. (1791) I. 159 If e’er a lyre at unison there be, It swells 
with emulating harmony. 

Emulation (emiwléi‘fon). Also 7 em-. [ad. 
L. emulation-em, n. of action f. wula-ri.] 

1. The endeavour to equal or surpass others in 
any achievement or quality; also, the desire or 
ambition to equal or excel. 

In early use the word is perh. more freq. applied to the 
mental emotion ; in mod. use the notion of active effort is 
always in some degree present. 

1552 Hutoet, Emulation, zedus. 1555 EDEN Decades W. 
Ind. (Arb.) 59 To prouoke & encorage other forwarde natures 
to themulation of their vertues. 1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. 
v. (1627) 48 Provoking emulation of the Schollers. 1622 
B. Jonson Pref Verses in Mabbe tr. Aleman’s Guzman 
D’Alf, This Faire emulation, & no envy is. 1674 BoyLe 
Theol. comp. w. Nat. Philos. 197 Imitation or Emulation 
oftentimes makes many others addict themselves to it [a 
branch of study]. ¢ 1790 Burke Sf. Short. Parl. Wks. X. 
85 The spirit pe ft bea has also been extremely increased. 
1828 D’Israewi Chas. /, II. xi. 274 Their emulation .. ter- 
minated in personal antipathy. 1882 HinspaLe Garfield 
§ Educ. 1. 36 He was always generous in his emulations. 

+2. Ambitious rivalry for power or honours; 
contention or ill-will between rivals. Ods. 

in Hart. Misc. (1809) II. 97 The dissension and emu- 
lation that I have seen. . between private captains for vain- 
glory. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. I//, u. iii. 25 Emulation, who 
shall now be neerest, Will touch vs all too neere. 1612 
T. TayLor Comm, Titus i. 6 (1619) 105 What heart-greife 
was it to Iacob to see such daily emulation betweene Leah 
and Rahel? 1646 Buck Rich. /1/, 1. 13 Iulius Cesar, was 
..a great Captaine, although his Emulation cost an infinite 
quantitie of .. humane blood. 1651 Relig. Wotton (1685) 
608 A great emulation fallen between the Queens Agent, 
and the Polish Orator there, 

+3. Grudge against the superiority of others ; 
dislike, or tendency to disparagement, of those 
who are superior. Ods. 

1561 Even Arte Nauig. Pref., This enuy of emulation pro- 
ceadeth of some singuler vertue of them that are so maliced. 
1596 Drayton Leg. iii. 323 For Emulation ever did attend 

pon the Great. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. t. vii. § 6 Con- 
stantine the Great, in Emulation was woont to call him 
Parietaria, Wall Flower. 1606 Suaxs. 7. § Cr. 1. iii. 134 
Pale and bloodlesse Emulation. 1695 Br. Patrick Com, 
Gen. 492 Zilpah’s Sons .. were thought to have less emula- 
tion to him, than the Sons of Leah. 1771 SMottetr Humph. 
CZ. (1815) 127, I am afraid we sometimes palliate this vice 
yg under the specious name of emulation. 

q 4. As rendering of emu/atio (Vulg.), ‘jealousy’ 
(ascribed to God). vare—'. 

1609 BisLe (Douay) Ps. Ixxvii. 58 In their gravens they 
provoked him to emulation. 

Emulative (e‘mislétiv), a. [f. L. xulat- 
ppl stem of wmula-ri (see EMULATE 2.) + -IVE.] 

. That results from or is characterized by emu- 
lation. 

1593 R. Harvey Philad. 23 Memprise slewe his manly 
brother. .to be out of his emulative danger. ax CLEvE- 
LAND Poems, On Fly 2 She. .in an emulative Chafe..begg’d 
ri Shrine her Epitaph? 1763 Hoote Yer. Del. v. a), 
All, with emulative zeal, demand To fill the number of th’ 
elected band. 1828 D’Israrui Chas. J, I, iv. 65 The people 
were invited to ruin their families in emulative costliness. 

2. That tends to emulation ; disposed to rival, 
copy, or compete with. Const. of Also fig. 

1748 Ricnarpson: Clarissa (1811) I. xxxviii, 283 Noble 
minds, emulative of perfection, 179t Huppesrorp Salmag. 


135 


138 Dick’s breast with emulative ardour glows. 1829 ScorT 
nne of G. ii, The sound was re-echoed. .from precipice to 
precipice, with emulative thunders. 1871 Ruskin Fors 
Clav. xi. 11 The peasant’s wife. .emulative of Queens Pene- 
pe Bertha, and Maud. 
‘mulatively, adv. rare. 
In an emulative manner. 

1754 Ricuarpson Grandison (1811) IV. vii. 56 Both hands 
were so emulatively passive. 

Emulator (e‘mizleitox), Also 7 emulator, 
emulatour. [a. L. #mulator zealous imitator.] 

1. One who emulates, in good or bad sense. 

+a. A rival, competitor; also, one who en- 
viously disparages. Ods. 

1589 GREENE Menafhon (Arb.) 81 You are friendly emu- 
lators in honest fancie. 1600 SHaxs. A. Y. Z.1.i. 150 An 
enuious emulator of every mans good parts. 1628 tr. 
Camden's Hist, Eliz. 11. (1688) 198 George Buchanan, his 
Emulatour .. set him forth .. as one more mutable than the 
Chameleon, 1750 Jonnson Rambler No. 54 The emotions 
which the death of an emulator or competitor produces. 

b. A zealous imitator; one who strives to equal 
the qualities or achievements of another. Const. of. 

1652 J. Hatt Height Eloquence p. \xii, Hyperides is a 
great Emulatour of Demosthenes. 1738 Warsurton Div, 
Legat. App. 30 A happy emulator of the eloquence of Cicero. 
1837-9 Hatiam Hist. Lit, 1. ciii. § 128 A diligent emulator 
of Ccrntaas -Linacre. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 158 
Emulators and disciples of the culture of the Lacedae- 
monians. 4 . 

#12. (In the Douay-Rheims Bible.) Used to 
render L. emulator: a. One who is zealous for 
a cause, etc.; const. of b. Applied to God: A 
‘jealous’ being, one who brooks no competitor. 

1582 NV. 7. (Rhem.) Gad. i. 14, I... being more aboundantly 
an emulator of the traditions of my fathers. 1609 Biste 
(Douay) £x. xxxiv, 14 God is an emulatour, — 2 Macc. 
iv. 2 The..emulatour of the law of God. 

+E-mulatory, @. Os. vare—'. [f. prec.; see 
-ory.] Of the nature of emulation. 

162t W. Sciater Vythes (1623) 160 Too fond emulatory 
imitation of, etc. 1627 Br. Hatt Farew. Serm. Fam. Pr. 
Henry Wks. 463 [At Court] you see .. emulatory officious- 
nesse. 

+E-mulatress. Os. rare. [f. Emunator + 
-ESS.] A female emulator. Also fig. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. I. 1.1. 65 History, the Emulatresse of 
Time. 1741 Ricuarpson Pamela (1824) I. Ixxvii. 436, I was 
not willing my girl should give way to the noble emulatress. 
1832 in WessTeR; and in mod. Dicts. 

+Emula‘trix. Obs. rare—'. [a. L. wmula- 
trix, fem. of emulator EMULATOR.] = EMULATRESS. 

1651 Howett Venice 198 Genoa, her Sister Republic and 
old Emulatrix. 

+ E-mule, v. Ods. rare. Also emule. [ad. L. 
emul-drt to EMULATE.) = EMULATE v. 

1816 SoutHey Poet's Pilgr. iii. 20 The young Nassau, 
Emuling that day his ancestors’ renown. 

Emulge (/mv'ldz), v. Phys. [ad. L. 2mulsé-re 
to milk out.] ¢vavs. To drain (secretory organs) 
of their contents. Hence Emu'lging v?/. sd. and 
ppl. a. 

1681 tr. Willis’s Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Emulging vessels 
or arteries, or veins. 1784 CULLEN First Lines clxxii. Wks. 
1827 I. 625 Vomiting .. emulges the biliary and pancreatic 
ducts. 1844 T. Granam Dom. Med. 325 The pill No. 104 
..does not assist so much in emulging the biliary ducts, and 
giving tone to the bowels, 

Emulgence (‘mzldzéns). vare. [f. as ifad. L. 
*tmulgentia, f. émulgent-ent: see next and -ENCE.] 
The action of milking out. 

1674 STAVELEY Rom. Horseleach (1769) 48 [Indulgences] 
for the purpose of drawing money from the people .. have 
not improperly been called Emulgences. 1879 G. Merepiru 
Egoist \, 254 As though it [a woman’s worship] could be 
bandied to and fro without emulgence of the poetry. 

Emulgent (‘mz'ldzént), a. and sd. Phys. [ad. 
L. émulgent-em, pr. pple. of émulgé-re to. milk 
out: see EMULGE.] 

A. adj. That ‘milks out’; es, ‘applied to the 
vessels of the kidneys, which are supposed to 
strain or milk the serum through the kidneys’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1578 Banister Hist. Man vy. 82 The Emulgent veynes. 
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. u. ii, The branches of the 
Caua are..inward seminall or emulgent. 1670 Phil. Trans. 
V. 2081 Passages, by which the Chyle may come into the 
Emulgent .. Vessels. 1675 Evetyn Terra (1776) 23 The 
Fibres. .are as it were the Emulgent veins. 1783 W. Krir 
in Med, Commun, 1. 130 The right emulgent vein was.. 
large. 1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 223/2 The case of the 
emulgent arteries, 

B. sb. = Emulgent vessels. 

1612 S. H. Exch. Med. 11. 128 An immoderate heate 
drawing ouermuch bloud by the emulgents. 1646 Sir T. 
Browne Pseud. Ep. 1v. v. 188 The Azygos ..in its descent 
doth furnish the left Emulgent with one veyne. 1788 
Bate in Phil. Trans. LXXVIII. 357 The right spermatic 
vein was found to open into the right emulgent. 

+ Emulo'sity. Os. rare [f. Emunous (as if L. 
*emulos-us) +-1TY.] Rivalry, dispute. 

1716 M. Davies Azh. Brit. 11.147 Our Pamphlet decides 
the Emulosity with a short piece of Latin Prose and Verse. 
— Ibid. 175 Historiological Emulosities. 

Emulous (e'mizlos), a. Also 6 Sc. ymulis, 
7-8 eer: [f. L. emul-us of same meaning + 
-OUS. 


1. a. Desirous of rivalling, imitating, obtaining. 


[f. prec. + -LyY.2] 


EMULSION, 


Const. of +b. Of things: Closely resembling, 
imitative of (obs. rare). 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. Ixiv. (1495) 280 In 
theym that haue the Lepra that hyghte Elephancia the 
colour and hewe is emulous. 1667 Mitton P. L. vi. 822 By 
strength They measure all, of other excellence not emulous. 
a172t Prior Ep. Mr, Howard 55 Good Howard, emulous 
of the Grecian art. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 
291 Emulous of the glory of the youthful hero, 1850 Kincs- 
vey Alt, Locke x. (1876) 110 Emulous of Messrs. Aaron 
Levi & Co. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Result Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 135 Kingdoms emulous of free institutions. 

2. Filled with emulation; actuated by the spirit of 
rivalry. + Formerly also inweakersense : = Rivaua. 

1617 Br. J. HALL Contemfpl. I. 147 The fire issuing from 
God upon their [Moses’ and Aaron’s] emulous opposites. 
1625 K. Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis m1. v. 164 ‘The two 
zemulous suiters. 1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. ww. ii. (1654) 
300 The emulous Schools of Sammai and Hillel. 1725-6 
Pore Odyss. v1. 105 A°mulous the royal robes they lave. 
1851 Loncr. Gold. Leg., School Salerno, Where every 
emulous scholar hears .. The rustling of another's laurels ! 
1876 Gro. Exior Dan. Der. vi. xlv. 421 The stream of 
emulous admirers. : i 

+ 3. a. Greedy of praise or power. b. Envious. 

1606 Suaxs. 77. § Cv. u. iii. 243 He is not emulous, as 
Achilles is. 1633 Be. Hatt Hard Texts 206, lam censured 
by some emulousaccusers. 1655-60 STANLEY //ist. Philos. 
(1701) 111/1 What a Son thou hast, now may All my zmu- 
lous Neighbours say. 

4. Of actions, feelings, etc.: Proceeding from, 
or of the nature of, emulation or rivalry. + Also, 
zealous, earnest (0ds.). 

1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. I1]. 431 Turne all your mad 
murning In ymulis prayer and [in] grit louing. 1693 
SmaALiRipGE Yul, Cesar in Dryden Plutarch 1V. 466 This 
passion was a kind of zmulous struggle with himself. 1782 
V. Knox £ss. (1819) II. cxvi. 288 The profusion of emulous 
extravagance, 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 408 Poets 
sang with emulous fervour the approach of the golden age. 
1871 Rossetti Poems, Sonn. iv. Kiss, Vill love’s emulous 
ardours ran, Fire within fire, desire in deity. 

Emulously (e'mivzlasli), adv. [f. Emuous a. 
+-LY.] Inanemulous manner. Also fg. 

1647-8 CoTTERELL Davila’s Hist. Fr. (1678) 2 Emulously 
getting possession of. 1677 Life in Cleveland’s Gen. Poems, 
Many intermediate Stages. .contended as emulously for his 
aboad, as the seven Cities for Homer’s Birth. 1734 tr. 
Rollin’s Anc. Hist, (1827) 11. 1. 108 Men emulously strove, 
who should show the greatest gratitude towards the gods. 
1876 Bancrort //7st. U. S. IIL. xxiii. 566 Women. .emu- 
lously drive the spinning-wheel from sunrise until dark. 

Emulousness (e'miz/lasnés). vare—°. [f. Emu- 
LOUS @.+-NESS.] The state of being emulous. 

1721-1800 in BaiLey. 1775 in AsH; and in mod. Dicts. 

oninin (tmo'lsik), a. Chem. [f. EMULS-IN + 
-Ic.] Related to EMULSIN. 

Watts Dict. Chem. 11, 486 Emulsic acid 

Emulsification (‘ma lsifikzi-fon). [f. Emur- 
SIFY v. See -FICATION.] 

a. The action of the vb. Emunsiry. b. sfec. 
in Pathology: ‘ The last stage of fatty degenera- 
tion in which the structures become softened and 
semi-liquid, consisting of an albuminous fluid con- 
taining oil-globules’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1876 Hartey Jat. Med. 30 The process of emulsification. 

Emulsify (‘mo'lsifoi), v.  [f. L. ezls- ppl. 
stem of éu/gé-re to milk out +-()FY.] ¢vans. To 
convert into an emulsion. Also adsol. 

1859 Topp Cycl. Anat. V. 106/1 The fat had .. been 
minutely subdivided and emulsified. 1881 77es 4 Jan. 3/5 
Dr. Maddox obtained sensitive photographic plates by 
emulsifying bromide of silver in liquid gelatine. 

Hence Emu lsifying v/. sb. and ff/. a. 

1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 442 No emulsifying substance 
was contained in the intestine. 1876 Foster Phys. u. i. 
(1879) 231 Bile... has by itself a slight .. emulsifying power. 
1883 Taytor Hardwick's Photogr. Chem. 378 He prefers 
emulsifying with a very small quantity of it. 

Emulsin (‘ma'lsin). Chem. [f. Emuts-1on + 
-IN.] A neutral substance contained in almonds ; = 
SYNAPTASE. 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 682 The investigation 
of emulsin was taken up by Mr. Richardson. 1872 Tuup1- 
cHuM Chem. Phys. 4 Emulsine or synaptase of almonds. 
1876 Hariey Mat. Med. 627 The maceration allows of the 
solution and reaction of the. .emulsin. 

Emulsion (imz'lfen). Also 7 emulction. 
[ad. mod.L. émulsion-em, n. of action f. L. émzd- 
gere to milk out. In Fr. évzlsion.] 

+1. The action of ‘milking out’. fig. Cf. 
EMULGE v. 

1658 J. Ropinson Exdoxa Pref. 4 My wished end is, by 
gentle concussion, the emulsion of truth, 

+2. (See quot.) Ods. 

1657 Phys. Dict., Emulsions, the steeping or dissolution 
by steeping of any seeds or kernels in liquor till it come to 
the thickness of a jelly. | ; : 

3. a. A milky liquid obtained by bruising al- 
monds, etc. in water. b. Pharmacy. ‘A milky 
liquid, consisting of water holding in suspension 
minute particles of oil or resin by the aid of some 
albuminous or gummy material’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
Also attrib. 

1612 Ench. Med. 11. 138 Also an emulction prepared of 
Almonds. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 208 Emulsions 
of the cooler seeds bruised. 1712 tr. Pormet’s Hist. Drugs 1. 
22 Gourd Melons .. are chiefly us’d for Emulsions. 1875 
Darwin /usectiv. Pi. vi, 127 Leaves immersed in an emul- 


EMULSIONIZE. 
s XXI. 436A 
sion of starch. 1880 Nature eee special arrange- 


ment upon a em plate. 
(émo'lfanaiz), v. [f Exunston 
+-178.] trans. To make into an EMULSION. 

Hence Emu'lsionized 7. a. 

31872 Huxtey Phys. vi. 154 Fats are. .emulsionized by the 
bile. 188r G. L. Carrick Koumiss 46 An Isi d 
fluid, in which casein is suspended. 

ulsive (‘mz'lsiv), a. [f. L. gmuls- ppl. 
stem of émulge-re (see prec.) +-IVE.] That has 
the nature of an EMULSION. = 

1861 Hutme tr. Moguin-Tandon u. mt. 189 Milk is an 
emulsive fluid. 

+Emwnet, a. Obs. rare. [ad. L, émunct-us, 
pa. pple. of Zmungére to wipe the nose. The L. 
phrase, emuncte naris homo a man of keen scent 
( fig.) gave rise to the use of the pple. in sense 
“acute’.] Of the judgement: Keen, acute. 


1679 Prance Addit. Narr. he Plot 5 Your Highness, 


being of so deep and emunct a Judgment. 1697 Evetyn 
Numism. ix. The Nose..as the Emunct Judicious. 


+Emunetion. Os. rare. [ad. L. émunction- 
em a wiping of the nose, n. of action f. émungére 


to wipe the nose.] 

1. The action of wiping the nose ; hence ¢ransf. 
of clearing any of the passages of the body. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 538 We haue often seen that 
Medicines applied to the eyes haue through these holes 

t into the nose, and so haue beene cast out either by 
emunction or by the mouth, 1684 1. MatHer Remark. Pro- 
vid. (1846) 212 After the use of unctions and emunctions. 

+2. Excretion. Oés. Cf. Emunctory. 

1650 Butwer Anthropomet. ii. (1653) 71 The curious 
emunctions of the pores. 

Emunctory (‘mz yktari), a. and sd. Phys. [ad. 
mod.L. émunctori-us excretory, @munctor-tum a 
means of cleansing by excretion (in classical L. used 
for ‘a pair of snuffers’), f. 2mungére: see prec.] 

A. adj. a Of or pertaining to the blowing of 
the nose. b. That has the function of conveying 
waste matters from the body. 

1547 Boorve Brev. Health ccxliv. 83 The nosethrylles be 
the emunctorye places of the brayne. 1725 BrapLey Fam. 
Dict. sv. Musk, It apparently filtrates thro’ the emunctory 
Glands. 1858 Potson Law & L. 160 He found a sufficient 
substitute in his emunctory powers. 1 EastWIckE 
Resid. Persia 1. 11 There was nothing but coughing, sternu- 
tation and emunctory movements for the next half hour. 

B. sd. ‘A cleansing organ or canal; a term 
applied to the excretory ducts and organs of the 
body’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Also fig. 

(1543 TraAHERON Vigo's Chirurg. Gloss., Emunctoria ben 
the clensyng places, as the flanckes, the armeholes, etc.] 
1601 Hotianp Pliny Gloss., Emunctories be those kernelly 
places in the body, by which the principall and noble parts 
doe void their superfluities. 165: Biccs New Disp. 172 
? 234 God hath ordained sufficient Emunctories for any 
filth whatsoever. 1767 Sterne 77. Shandy 1x. xx, Blow 
your noses,—cleanse your emunctories,—sneeze, my good 
people. 182x New Monthly Mag. 1. 440 The nose is the 
emunctory of the brain. 1854 BusHnan in Circ, Sc. II. 21/2 A 
third great emunctory has to be added ; namely, the kidney. 

+Emu'nctuary. Oés., bad form of prec. 

1572 J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 15a, By the proper 
emunctuaries, as out of the head, by the nose, mouth, eares, 
eyes, palate, etc. 1649 Butwer Pathomyot. u. ii. 106 The 
extreme part of the Face. .is the emunctuary of the senses. 

+tEmwncture. 04s. rare. [f. L. émunct- ppl. 
stem of émungé-re to wipe out + -URE.] 

a. The action of wiping. fg. b.=EmuNcTory. 

1541 R. CopLanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The sayd 
parietalles. .are the holes of the eares, and the instrumentes 
mamylares of yeemunctures. 1674 TurNnor Case of Bankers 
§ Creditors § 7. 31 ‘This neat Emuncture or wipe. 

‘tion. Obs. [ad. L. émundation-em, 
n. of action f. 2munda-re to cleanse, f. 2 out+ 
muna-us clean.] The action of ceremonial cleans- 
ing or purification. 

— Biste (Douay) Ps. Ixxxviii. 45 Thou hast destroied 
him from emundation. 1652 Gaute Magastrom. 39 This 
they apply to the ceremoniall emundations or peciiedines, 
1731-1800 in Baitey. 1775 in Asu. 


+ Emuwnge, v. Ods. [ad. L. émungé-re to wipe 
or blow the nose.] ¢vans. To wipe out, cleanse ; 
also fig. (as in Lat.), to cheat. 

Hence Emu'nging v?/. an 4 

H. More Myst. Jnig. ing of le 

Fehtir mony. xhgs Lanbon Kcam. Shaks. Whs, 1446 11. 


of their rpsh por Exam. 
265, I didindeed spit it forth, and emunge my lips, as who 
should not? 


Emure, a var. of ImmurE v. and sé,, in the 
Shaks. folio 1623. 

1588 Suaxs. Z. LZ. L. m. i. 12 Thou wert emured, re- 
strained. 1606 — 7'r. § Cr, Prol. 9(1623) To ransacke Troy, 
within whose strong emures The rauish’d Helen. .sleepes, 

+ Emusca‘tion. Ods. [as if ad. *L. émusca- 
tion-em, n. of action f. émuscd-re to cleanse from 
moss, f. 2 out + muscus moss.] The action of cleans- 
ing (the trunk of a tree) from moss. Also fig. 

1664 Evetyn Sylva (1679) Advt., Let them read for emus- 
(s600)" phe Tony cure i-ty, emnaiion,  Sneneaee 
Batney. sep Craic; and fa mod. Dicts. "a 

i (#mirdian). Zoo/. [f. Gr. éuvd- stem 
of éuvs the fresh-water tortoise + -IAN.] A tortoise 
of the genus Emys, 


136 


cael Brew Be Co. Sc. (¢ 1865) II. 69/1 Side-walls .. are 
in the fresh-water species 
(emidin). Chem. [f. as prec. + -IN.] 
btained from the eggs of the tor- 
, having constitution to 
vitellin’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 


hard, transparent grains, very soluble in dilute potash. 

urian (e:midosderian). Zool. [f. 
emydo-, combining form of Emys,+Saurtan.] A 
crocodile. 

1 Penny Cyci. VII. 162/1 They [Crocodilidz] form 
the icata of Merrem and Fitzinger, and the Emydo- 
saurians of De Blainville. 

Emyr, obs. form of ApMIRE. 

ll (emis). In f/. emydes. Zoo/. [mod. 
L., a. Gr, és the fresh-water tortoise] The 
ordinary fresh-water tortoise. 

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 57/2 Certain Emydes .. tend to 
the Sea-tortoises or Turtles ..and yet exhibit characters 
—— to themselves, 1873 Gerke Gt. /ce Age 492 App., 

emains of the elephant. .the beaver, the emys. .and goats, 


Emyspery, obs. form of HEMISPHERE. 

En, early ME. variant of In. 

En-, /refix1, the form assumed in Fr. (as also in 
Pr., Sp., Pg.) by the L. prepositional prefix 77- 
(see In-). The Eng. words in which it appears 
are partly adaptations of Fr. (occasionally Sp.) 
words, either of L. descent or formed in Romanic, 
and partly original formations upon Eng. words. 

A. Forms. 

1. In modern orthography and pronunciation e- 
becomes em- before 6 and Z, and occasionally 
before #. This rule was not fully established in 
spelling before the 17th c.; in ME., as in OF. 
and OSp., end-, enp- are more frequent than emé-, 
emp-, though the latter may perhaps represent 
what was the actual pronunciation. 

2. In ME. (as in OF.) en-, em-, freq. became az-, 
am- (a form which survives in AmBusH). This 
an-, am-, like the native prefix AN- 1, was often 
reduced to a-: see APPAIR, APRISE. Conversely, 
the prefix a- of various origin was often changed 
into en-, as in embraid. 

3. From 14th c. onwards the prefix In- (Im-) has 
been frequently substituted for e- (em-); and, con- 
versely, e7- (emt-) has been substituted for the prefix 
In- (Im-) of words of L. or It. origin, and for the 
native Eng. In-. Nearly every word, of long 
standing in the language, which is formed with 
en- has at some period been written also with z7-, 


Hence it is often impossible to determine whether | 


in a particular word of Eng. formation the prefix 
en- or in- is due to the analogy of words of Fr., 
Lat., or purely Eng. origin ; in many instances it 
must have been ue merely as a recognized 
Eng. formative, without reference to the analogy 
of any individual word. In 17th c. the form z7- 
(tm-) was generally preferred ; the now prevailing 
tendency is to use e- (em-) in Eng. formations, 
and where the pers represents Fr. ev-; and in 
mod, reprints of 17th c. books, and in Dicts., the 
in- (im-) of the original texts is often replaced 
by en- (em-), In some words, however, as em-, 
imbed, en-, inclose, the form with 7n- still occurs, 
but in most cases less frequently than the en- 
forms ; in a few instances 77- has entirely super- 
seded en-, even where the latter is etymolo- 
gically more correct, as in imbrue, impair, in- 
guest. Ina few words (e.g. ENsurg, InsuRE) the 
alternative forms have (in very modern times) been 
appropriated to express different senses. As a 
general rule the ev- and é#- forms are in this Dict. 
treated as belonging to one and the same word. 
A word still surviving in use is treated in the 
alphabetical place of its now more frequent form. 
In the case of obs. words, where there is no de- 
cided rs Tapered in usage, the choice of the 
typical form has been determined by etymological 
considerations: thus the adapted words from Fr. 
or Sp. with ev-, and new formations app. on the 
analogy of these, are by preference placed under 
E; while words app. formed on Latin analogies, 
or prob. originating as compounds of the Eng. prep. 
In, will appear under I. 

The substitution of ix- for en- has in part been due to 
notions of et ical fitness, the Romanic en- having 


been as a corrupt and improper form of the L, i#-, 
while the Eng. formations in e- were either referred to L. 


B. Signification and uses. 

The applications of the prefix in Fr. (Pr., Sp., 
Pg.), and hence in Eng., are substantially identical 
with those of the L. z-, which was used to form 
ybs. (1) from sbs., with sense ‘to put (something) 
into or on what is denoted by the sb.’, or ‘to put’ 
what is denoted by the sb. ‘into or on (some- 
thing)’; (2) from sbs. or adjs., with sense ‘to 
bring or to come into a certain condition or state, to 
invest with a certain quality’ ; (3) from other vbs., 
with added notion of ‘ within’, ‘into’, ‘ upon’, or 
‘against’, or with merely intensive force. Many 
L. or late L. words of this formation came down 
into Romanic, and have thence been adapted in 

} In Romanic the prefix was extensively 
applied in the formation of new words, in strict 
accordance with L. analogies, exc. that in forma- 
tions upon vbs. the notion of ‘against’ rarely or 
never occurs. In Eng. the analogy of the many 
words with ev- adapted from Romanic gave rise 
to the extensive application of the prefix in the 
formation of Eng. words, its functions being the 
same as in Fr. 

The compounds of En- which have been in 
general use, or which require special comment, are 
given in their pe eyes place. The following 
are examples of those which are merely nonce- 
words, or of very rare occurrence. (See also Em-). 

1. Verbs formed by prefixing e#- to a sb. 

a. With general sense ‘ to put (something) into 
or on what the latter member indicates’ : 

+ Enambush, to place in ambush; + enangle, 
to put into an angle or corner; encell; encentre, 
to place in the centre of something; enchair; 
+ enchariot ; encist, to shut up in or as in a cist 
or chest ; + encoach, to seat in a coach ; encoil, 
to wrap in or as in a coil; + encouch, to lay upon 


a couch, fig.; encraal, intr. for vefl., to lodge ina 


| kraal; encrochet, to enclose in brackets ; encup, 


to place in or as in a cup; encushion, to seat on 
a cushion; enfeature, to exhibit on the features ; 
‘++ engammon, to put or (zr. for reff.) get into the 
haunch (of a pig) ; +engaol (in quots. fig.); en- 
garb, to put into a garb, clothe; engarment, 


| to case as in a garment; englamour, to surround 
| with illusion; +engown, to dress in a gown; 
| +engyve, to put in gyves or fetters; enhusk ; 


+ enjourney, (ve/f.) to start on a journey; +en- 
kennel; enkerchief; +enkernel; + enlaby- 
rinth, to entangle as in a labyrinth; +enlead; 
enmagazine, fig.; +ennet, to entangle; +en- 
niche, to set up in a niche, as a statue, fe. 
enrib, to put within the ribs; }+enseat, to in- 
stall; enshadow; enshawl, to wrap in or cover 
with a shawl; enshell; +enshelter; +en- 
slumber, to lull to sleep, /##, and fig.; "+ ensoap 
(see quot.); + enstage, to put _— the stage (of 
a theatre) ; + enstock, to set in the stocks; + en- 
tower, to imprison in the Tower; + envapour, to 
shroud in vapour; enwall, to enclose within walls ; 
enzone, to engirdle. 

¢x1611 Cuarman //iad xvitt. 475 Within a vale .. they .. 
*enambush'd them, did. x. 257 Enam! ‘d 


bush’d enemies. 
17.. Cawrnorn £, Capt. Hughes 28 Th’ enambushed 
phoslame, ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3782 His enmye .. * en- 


Prim. Devot. (1673) 623 A What a deal of sulphur .. 
was *encelled . hat day o 


Mystics (1860) Il. xu. iii. 272 Here dwells coolness, 
unden 1843 E. ones Sens. § Ze. vax If when the 


ul gaze. yy 
ating? in my Dice *Enchair'd. 1652 Bentowes bg md 
Postill for Author, lati high, *Enchariot 
Elijah-like to th’ Skie! 76id. x. xxv. 188 Elijallike ..To 
be encharioted in fire. 1888 Ruys Hibbert Lect, 173 The 
d continued .."encisted in the subterranean lake. a 1618 
J. 5. mba Wittes’ Pilgr. Wks. (1876) 22 (D.) Tamburlaine. . 

encoacht in burnisht gold. 1839 Baitey Festus (3848) a2/s 
This world, within whose heartstrings I feel myself *e1 
1596 Edward ///, u. i. 14 *Encouch the word..with such 


sweet laments, Blackw. Mag. May 729/1 The lane 
where gipsy *encraal’d. 1806 Sourney Left. 
(1856) I. 397 He *encrochet 9] thus what Hyems has 
to copy. 188: Mrs. H. Hunt . Ferus. 144 The 
conrent.! My in hill H, Busk Ag em 
1v. 725 Or in gilt equi ‘d sit. 1843 ‘ONES 
Poems, Sens. & Event 43 The in his face and 
fine je > 


3 R. vanspr. Reh, 23 Ratts 

‘d in ter tat Hanches of the Arcadian Sow. 1333 
jpn ae i 1. iii, 166 her 2 my a tt J 
en; 4 . HovuciTon 
Valenti sow Bageoled in this Unhealthy time.  83t 


form which * that ..soul, 1864 
Dicey in ‘Daily es Lewin a it past 
glamours them [the Danes]. G. E 
Christ's Bloody Sweat Farr S. P. a Za pi 336 


as embed, imbed, enclose, inclose are in familiar pronuncia- | still *en 

tion really homoph } Many p use the ev- forms in 

wehne, and tenenemeety) Bn fe, Sem From | Here saw he la 
the occurrence of spellings like ind, d for de in 


Montaig nt viii. (03a) 224 We..are “engived and shackled 


EN-. 


in them [arms]. 1788 Burns Ef. H. Parker 12 A fiery 
kernel *Enhusked by a fog infernal. 1596 R. Llincue] 
Diella (1877) 82 The next day, They would *eniourney 
them. 160: J. Davies Microcosmos 220 'That alwaies 
in a Tub *enkenell’d lies. cx800 Kirke WuITE Poems 
(1837) 47 Sleep, baby mine, *enkerchieft on my bosom. 18.. 

. ARNOLD Switzerland 1. ii. 3 in Sel. Poems (1882) 123, I 
know that soft enkerchief'd hair. @1843 Soutney Nondescr. 
vi. (D.) A happy metamorphosis To be *enkernell’d thus. 
1652 Benrowes Teoh. 1, liii, My soul, *enlabyrinth’d in 
grief. -_ Frorio, /wpiombare, to *enlead or fasten or 
couer with lead. Jspiombatura, an enleading or fastning 
with lead. 1887 Ha: 's Mag. July 268 The incendiary 
material *enmagazined in their pages. 1598 Fiorto, /7rve- 
tare, to ensnare or take in a net or ginne, to entramell, to 
Sennet. 1761 Sterne Jy. Shandy ut, xxxviii, He .. de- 
serves to be *en-nich’d as a_ prototype for all writers, 
1854 S. Dopett Balder iii. 20 The strong *enribbed heart. 
1602 Futsecke Pandectes 65 Whether base artificers are 
to be *enseated .. in places of worth. 1636 W. Denny in 
Ann. Dubrensia (1877) 13 Pendant leaves his head *en- 
shadow’d round. 1882 M. Arnotp in Macm. Mag. XLVI. 
143 The soft mantle of enshadowing hills. 1822 Blackw. 
Mag. X11. 69 With what an air of tenderness he *en- 
shawls each ivory shoulder. 1877 Biackie Wise Men 302 
None In mortal frame *enshelled. 1604 SHaxs. O7¢h. u. 
i. 18 If that the Turkish Fleete Be not *enshelter’d .. they 
are drown’d. ¢ 16x Cuapman //iad xxiv. 399 The guards 
..he *enslumber’d. a@ 1619 Donne Bialion. (1644) 155 
Content to enslumber themselves in an opinion. 1610 G. 
Fretcuer Christ's Vict. in Farr S. P. Yas. J (1848) When 
the senses half enslumbered lie. 1398 FLorto, /xsaponare, 
to *ensope, to sope clothes..to lay insuds. 1613 CHAPMAN 
Rev. Bussy D’Ambois Plays 1873 II. 114 The splenative 
Philosopher. .were worthy the *enstaging. 16.. SYLVESTER 
Du Bartas (N.), Lintend to tye th’ Eternal’s hands, and 
his free feet *enstock. a@1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Answ. 
Object. Wks. (1711) 214 The *entowering of Henry the VI. 
1605 SytvestER Du Bartas u. iii. Vocation 555 (D.) A 
black fume, that all *envapoureth. 1610 G, FLETCHER 
Christ’s Vict. \vi, His Court with glitterant pearle was all 
*enwall’d. 1864 Blackfriars 1. 32 The extent of ground 
thus enwalled. 1832 J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXXI1. 
859 The groves that *enzone Greenbank. 1838 Zazt’s Mag. 

. 218 Queens in luxury enzoned. 

b. With general sense ‘to put what the latter 
member indicates into or upon’ (a person or thing). 

Enamber, to scent or flavour with ambergris (see 
AMBER 1); encap, to put a cap on; encolumn, 
to ornament (a wall) with columns; encoronall; 
encoronet ; + encowl, to put on (a person) the 
cowl of a monk; endiadem, to crown, in quots. 
Jjig.; enfigure, to adorn with figures; +enfrieze, 
to ornament as with a frieze; +enfringe, to 
sew fringes upon; tengall; +engold; +en- 
grape, to cover with grapes; enhoney, fig. ; 
+enlaurel, to crown with laurels; enleaf, to 
adorn with leaves, to wrap in leaves ; + enmitre ; 
enmoss ; enrut ; ensaffron, to tinge with yellow ; 
ensand; ensandal, fg.; + enscreen; +ensilver ; 
+enscarf; + enspangle ; +ensparkle ; enspell, 
to cast a spell upon; *enspice; +enstomach, 
to encourage ; ensulphur; }entackle, to furnish 
(a ship) with tackle; +entask; entincture ; 
+ entinsel, to cause to glitter; +enturf; enver- 
dure; enwood, to cover with trees. 

1681 in Phil. Collect. X11. 105 Buying.. Amber and other 
requisites, and *Enambering therewith.. Sugar. 184 
Lllust. Lond. News 16 Oct. 256/1 His brow *encapt With 
the gloomy crown of Care. 1808 R. Porter J7rav. Sk. 
Russ. §& Swed. (1813) I. iv. 27 The regal pride of *en- 
columned walls. 1858 E. CaswaLt Poems 170 With.. 
golden pillars *encoronall’d, 188x PaLGrave Vis. England 
47 Ifan alien King *Encoronet thy brow? 1612 Drayton 
Poly-olb, xxiv, King Alfred. .Left his Northumbrian crown, 
and soon became *encoul’d. 1818 SHELLEY Misery 439 
Lady whose imperial brow Is *endiademed with woe. 1819 
Blackw, Mag. V. 322 Endiadem’d with .. fleecy-silver’d 
cloud. 1774 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 211 Behold The tissued 
vestment of *enfigur’d gold. x Herrick Hesfer. 1. 233 
The Roome is hung with the blew skin Of shifted snake; 
*enfreez'd throughout With eyes of peacocks trains. 1714 
Orig. Canto Spencer xxxix, 2 White Robes, *enfring’d with 
Crimson Red. _16rx Fiorio, Afielire. .to *engall or enbitter. 
1382 Wyciir Bar. vi. 7 Trees .. *engoldid and ensiluered. 
— Rev. xvii. 4 And the womman was. .engoldid with gold, 
and with precious stoon. 1523 SKELTON Gavi. Laurel (Dyce) 
656 Vinis*engrapid, 1603 FLorio Montaigne i. xii. (1632) 289 

‘o *enhonny and allure us to these opinions. 1620 Davies 
Past. to W. Browne, Foe-men to faire skils *enlawreld 
Queene. 1789 P. Smytu tr. Aldrich’s Archit, (1818) 99 The 
bell of the capital ..is *enleaved. 1837 L. Hunt Blwe- 
stocking Revels iii. 39 Fruit..Enleaf'd onthe bough. 1598 
Frorio, /mmetriare, to *enmitre, to crowne with a mitre. 
1818 Keats Endym., 1. 231 Meadows that outskirt the side 
Of thine *enmossed realms. 1882 H, Merrivate Faucit 
of B. II. u. xix. 153 Over which distance these *enrutted 
tracks made their uneasy way. _c1630 Drumm. or Hawrn. 
Poems Wks. (1711) 6 Pheebus in his chair, *Ensaffroning 
sea and air. 1879 T. Harpy Return Native nu. ii, A stra- 
tum of ensaffroned light. 1523 Sketton Garl, Laurel 
(Dyce) 654 With alys *ensandid about in compas. 7853 
B. Taytor in Blackw. Mag. LXXIII. 744 Belted wit 

h and *ensandal’d with palm. 1641 M. Frank Serm, 
ii. (1672) 530 Heaven might now *enskarfe itself in a scarlet 
cloud. 1665 R. B. Comment. 2 Tales 42 Let night’s sable 
Curtain *enskreen these dark actions. 1382 Wycuir Bar. 
vi. 7 The trees of hem .. also engcldid, and *ensiluered. 
1648, Herrick Hesfer., Mistress M. Willand, Sent 
T’ *enspangle this e: sive firmament. 1593 NasHE 
Christ's T. (1613) 144 Why *ensparkle they their eyes with 
spiritualiz’d distillations? a J. Payne 1001 Nights VII. 
285 Her glances *enspelled all who looked on her. 1598 
as seeteiores to*enspice. 1545 T. Raynotp Womans 

OL. a 


137 


booke 59 The midwife. .*enstomakyng her to pacience. ¢ 1611 
Cuapman /liad x. 7 Or opes the gulfy mouth of war with 
his *ensulphur’d hand. 1819 Blackw. Mag. IV. 565 From 
the surge of hell's ensulphered sea. @ 1529 SKELTON Gar. 
Laurel (Dyce) 545 Your storme driven shyppe I repared 
new So well *entakeled. 1606 Sytvester Du Bartas 1. iv. 
(1641) 32/1 The Heav’ns have. .*entaskt my layes. 1768 S. 
BentLey River Dove 6 Windows so Story-bedight : *En- 
tinctur’d, Devotion to aid. 1652 BENLowes Theofph. xu. li, 
Spangles..*Entinseling like Stars the dew. 1523 SKELTON 
Garl. Laurel (Dyce) 655The bankis *enturfid with singular 
solas, /é7d,. 666 *Enverdured with laurel leves continually 
grene. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems I. 121 Enverduring the 
green Of a, heavenly palm. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini iv. 
81 The shade Of some *enwooded field. 

2. Verbs formed by prefixing ev- to a sb. or adj., 
with general sense ‘to bring into a certain con- 
dition or state’. 

+ Enanger, to make angry; enapt, to make fit, 
qualify; enarbour, to convert into an arbour; 
+ enazure, to render azure ; + encalm=BEcALM; 
tencanker; encannibal ; encharnel (see CHAR- 
NEL 50.1), to bury; +encinder, to burn to ashes; 
+encluster; encommon; +endoubt (reft.), to 
feel doubt, apprehend ; + endrudge (re/2.), to en- 
slave oneself ; + endry ; +enearnest ; enfamous ; 
+enfavour, to take into favour, to get (oneself) 
into favour, ingratiate ; + enfear ; + enfertile ; 
+ enfierce ; + enfort, to convert into a fort, for- 
tify; enfree; enfoul; enfreedom; enfroward ; 
+engallant ; +engarboil, to throw into com- 
motion; englad; engloom, to render gloomy, 
change into gloom; engod; engolden, to make 
golden, also zzztr, to become golden ; + engrand ; 
engreen; +enlength; enlife; +enlusty, to 
delight; enmass ; +enripe ; +enruby ; enruin ; 
+ensad; +ensafe, whence ensafer; ensaint ; 
enscroll; enseraph; enserf; + ensober ; + en- 
sound, to make sound; +enstable; ensucket 
(cf. SUCKET, sweetmeat), to sweeten ; entempest ; 
+enthirst ; entrough, to hollow out like a trough ; 
envineyard; enwaiter, to turn into a waiter; 
+enwaste; tenwine, to convert into wine; 
+enwoman; tenworthy, to make worthy; 
+ enwrack, to bring to wrack, ruin. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. 1. xxxviii. (1495) 53a/1 The 
lorde .. strongly *enangred came to the sayd pytte. 1651 
Jackson Creed x1. xvii. in Wks. X. 346 A diligent servant 
to a... cruel master .. is thereby well “enapted .. to be dili- 
gent. 1883 Harper's Mag. Nov. 946/1 Stairs *enarboured 
by vines. 1630 BratHwait Eng. Gentlewont. 301 That 
[woman] *enazures her seered veines. 1562 J. SHUTE Cam- 
bine’s Turk. Wars 34b, Seeinge the ship *encaulmed. 
1489 Sxetton Elegy Earl Northumb. (Dyce) 142 With 
my rude pen *enkankerd all with rust. 1854 Blackw. 
Mag. LXXV. 131 If Mr. Parkyns had not *encannibaled 
himself. 1875 Myers Poems, Renew. Youth, The rulers 
came, *Encharnelled in their fatness. 1593 Nasne Christ's 
T. 31 b, Many goodly streets.. they *encindred. c 1630 
Drumm. or Hawtn. Poems 130 What Bands (*enclustred) 
neare to these abide. 1607 SytvesteR Du Bartas II. 1. 
ii, Good becomes more Good, the more It is *en-com- 
mon’d. 1661 FettHam Resolves 11. 1xxxii. 366 Their Mys- 
teries might not .. be.. encommon’d. cx1400 Rom. Rose 
1664 If I ne hadde *endoutet me To have ben hatid. a 1656 
Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 29 Such is every one that 
*endrudgeth himself to any known sin. a 1440 Sir Degrev. 
418 My perkes ar stroyed And reveres *endreyde. 1603 
Frorio Montaigne (1634) 550 Vicissitude doth. .*en-earnest 
my minde. 1613 Browne 477?¢. Past. 11. i. (2772) II. 39 Padus 
silver stream .. *Enfamoused by rekeles Phaéton. @ 1650 
Sir S. indoinkr rivera FASE I. 377 Some wit, to enfamous 
the rare confidence of Mr, Felton [made an anagram on his 
name.] 1639 SALTMARSHE Policy 275 How to *enfavour 
yourself with those you discourse with. 1650 FuLLER Pisgah 
ul. i. 62 For to *enfavour themselves with the Emperor. 
Ibid. v. ii. 144 If any shall enfavor me so far. 1584 Hupson 
Du Bartas’ F¥udith, A woman’s look his hart *enfeares. 
1610 HoLLanp Camden’s Brit. ii. 46 The rivers Dee .. and 
Done .. *enfertile the fields. 1680 Morven Geog. Rect., 
Africa (1685) 445 Enfertiles all the Countries through which 
it passes. 1596 SrENsER J. Q. Iv. iv. 8 More *enfierced 
through his currish play. 1580 Sipney, etc. Psad cxxv, 
With her hilly bullwarkes Roundly *enforted. 1885 D.C. 
Murray Rainbow Gold 1, u. ii. 201 So is the stream of 
every human passion *enfouled or filtered by the heart it 
flows through. 1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 170 The 
Free Cityes .. have .. *enfreed themselves from the Pope. 
1606 SHaks. 77.4 C7. 1v. i.38 To render him, Forthe enfreed 
Anthenor, the faire Cressid. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm., 181 En- 
freed by God. 1588 Suaxs. LZ. LZ. ZL. m1. i. 125 *Enfreedoming 
thy person. 1874 Pusey Lent. Sermz. 248 God’s .. enfree- 
doming, ennobling eace 1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 
195 The only prickles that so *enfroward mens affections. 
1599 et pgs Cynthia's Rev. 1w.i, If youcould but endear 
yourself to her affection, you were eternally *engallanted. 
1641 Br. Mountacu Acts §& Mon. (1642) 67 
the Church upon high termes of Heresie. did. 242 To en- 

rboile disputes with needlesse assertions. 1523 SKELTON 
earl. Laurel (Dyce) 530 The larke..Of the soneshyne *en- 
gladid with the lyght. 1604 Sufflic. Masse-priests § x 
[These things] doe .. exceedingly possesse and englad our 
hearts. 1610 G. Fietcner Christ's Tri. over Death ii. 
Th’ engladded Spring. 1795-9 Sournry & R. Lovett Poems 
89 Night’s *englooming sway Steals on the fiercer glories 
of the day. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm, 108 We might have 

n as God, yea..*engodded, 1825 L. Hunr Redi's 
Bacchus in Tuscany Poet. Wks. (1860) 386 That Vaiano 
Which *engoldens and a in the grounds there of 
my Redi. x Tait’s Mag. XVI. 348 Yon wreath’d bower 
Engoldened with the westering sun. 1860 Pusey J7/im, 


‘o *engarboyle 


EN-. 


Proph. 521 The whole world was “engoldened with evan- 
elical preachings. 1655 Futter Hist. Camb. (1840) 186 
his duke.. by all means endeavoured to *engrand his 

posterity. 1§.. F. Davison in Farr S. P., Eliz. I. 327 

*Engreening .. those pleasant mountagnets. 1877 BLACKIE 

Wise Men Greece 74 Engreen the hills. c1g30 More Answ. 

Frith Wks. 1037/1 He hath somewhat *enlengthed it of late. 

1603 Daniet Panegyr. King xvii, A new season. . Begins to 

ae the days. 1599 T. M[ouret] Si/kwormes Ded., A 

.. little flame .. to *enlife for aye the same. 18.. LowELL 
Poet. Wks. Ger) 403 With wise lips enlife it. 1483 Caxton 
G. de la Tour Aj, This swete songe *enlustyed me. 1878 
H..M. Staniey Dark Cont. I. xv. 392 The heroes of the 
great raid are *enmassed in view. 1503 Sheph. Kalender ii, 
For I *enripe. . Fruits of the earth. @ 1520 SKELTON Bowge of 
Courte 2 The sonne..enrypedhath ourcorne. 1611 FLorio, 
Arrobinare, to *enruby, to make ruddy. 1876 J. Exuis 
Czsarin Egypt 344 That dread shock. .Left here *enruin’d 
.. Acity. 1634 Sir S. D’Ewes 3777. (1783) 55A particular 
newes which much *ensadded my heart. 1652 SPaRKE 
Prim. Devot. (1663) 564 To rescue and “ensafe us. zd. 
111 *Ensafers of God’s onely begotten Son. 1599 NAsHE 
Lent, Stuffe 58 Saint Gildarde..the Pope so *ensainted. 
1864 Spectator 538 Like Charlemagne a high ensainted 
king. 1880 Avgosy XXIX. 469 The aspect of some en- 
sainted phantom. 1 Gentl. Mag. May XVII. 479 ote, 
Three ostrich feathers *enscrolled. 1858 E. Caswatt Poewzs 
144 The Seraphs.. Amidst their songs *enseraph’d me. 1882 
W. B. WEEDEN Soc. Law Labor 86 The *enserfed free- 
holders bought their freedom. 165: JER. TayLor Course 
Serm.1. xiii. 170 God sent him sharpnesses..to *ensober 
his spirits. _ 1562 BuLteyN Dial. Sorenes & Chir. 23 a, 
This decoction .. doeth *ensounde..the member. 1534 
Wuittinton Tudlyes Offices 1. (1540) 89 Whan. .iustyce.. 
*enstableth and encreaseth the ryches of theues. 1594 
Zepheria xxiii, So did that sug’ry touch my lips *ensucket. 
1800 CoLerIpGE Poet. Wks. II. 155 Zeal unresisted *en- 
tempests your breast. 1640 Br. Hatt Chr. Moder. (Repr.) 
14/1 Wine; whereby he is inflamed and *enthirsted the 
more. 1876 R. Burton Gorilla L. 11. 129 The breadth of 
the *entroughed bed varies. 1848 CLoucu Asmours de Voy. 
111, 293 Farewell. .ye *envineyarded ruins. 1865 A thenxvum 
No. 1959. 650/1 The *enwaitered greengrocer. 1494 FaByANn 
vi. clxxvi. 172 But durynge this siege, the Danys eft *-en- 
wasted y’ lande of Fraunce. 1548 Greste Pr, A/asse 86 
Christes .. bloud [is] *enwyned. 1595 DaniEL Sonn. 42 
That grace..doth more than *enwoman thee. 1626 T. 
H. Caussin’s Holy Crt. 64 You desire .. to *enworthy, and 
distinguish your nobility. 1686 W. bE Britains Ham, 
Prud. xix. 84 You must study to enworthy your self. 1625 
Liste Du Bartas, Noe 4 O world *enwrackt and over 
flown. 

b. Verbs formed (with sense as above) on adjs. 
or sbs. with the prefix ezz- and the suffix -EN‘, as 
ENLIVEN, ENLIGHTEN. Most of these verbs were 
formed by prefixing e7- to an already existing verb 
in -e; but a considerable number seem to be di- 
rectly f. the adj. or sb. on the analogy of those 
of the former class. For examples see 3. 

3. Verbs, mostly transitive, formed by prefixing 
en- to a verb, with additional sense of 7, or 
simply intensive (in poetry often merely to give 
an additional syllable); also vbs. f. ev- + adj. or 
sb. + e2- (see 2 b). 

+ Enaid, to aid, assist ; + encarve; + encheck, 
to represent in mingled hues ; + enchequer, to ar- 
range in a chequered pattern; +enclaim; +en- 
cleanse; tenclog; tencolden; +encurb; 
+encurse ; +endamnify, to damnify, cause loss 
to; tendart ; +endazzle ; endiaper, to dapple, 
variegate; tenditch; endizen, to set forth; 
+ endrench ; + endye; + eneich (see ECHE v.), 
to improve; enfasten; tenfester; enfoil ; 
+enforge, to invent; tenfreeze; enfuddle ; 
engarble, to mutilate; engaze, to comprehend 
in one’s gaze; engerminate; engladden ; 
+ englaze, to represent on glass ; enguard; en- 
hamper; +enhang; tenhedge; +t enjangle, 
intr.; tenjudge; +enlanguish, to render lan- 
guid; +enlap, to wrap in (something); + en- 
lengthen; +enlessen; tenmilden; }enmin- 
gle; tenmix; tenorder; +enquicken; ten- 
rive; +enscale, to climb; +enscore, to count; 
enseem, 7z/7.= SEEM; }ensoak ; + enstuff; en- 
sweep; t+entame; enthunder, zv/r.; tentoast, 
intr. to drink a health; +entwist, also fig.; +en- 
wallow, zztv.; *enweaken; +enwed; ten- 
widen; enwisen, to make wise; enwrite; ten- 
wrong, to deprive wrongfully of; + enyoke. 

1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.)1v. vi. (1506) 178 Yf we 
haue poorenes of entencyon hym it shal *enayde. 1596 
Firz-Gerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 22 *Encarving characters 
of memorie. 1611 SyLvesTeR Du Bartas u. iv. Schisme 
(1641) 228/r Th’ artful shuttle did *encheck the cangeant 
colour of a mallard’s neck. 1648 Herrick Hesfer., Oberon’s 
Pai. 56 Squirrels’ and children’s teeth late shed Are neatly 
here *enchequered. 1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 1 The 
ordinaries *“enclaiminge such offenders by the liberties of 
the churche. 1493 Festivad/ (W. de W. 1515) 88 She was 
*enclensed with sm clensynge of the holy ghoost. 1604 
Suaxs. Ofh. 1. i. 70 Traitors ensteep’d, to *enclogge [Qg. 
clog] the guiltlesse Keele. 1627 FettHam Resolves 1. 
xlvii. (1631) 174 The hands and feet..are by degrees *en- 
coldned to a fashionable clay. 1555 Fardle Facions Pref. 


10 The golden graueled springes, thei *encurbed with Marble. 
a 1480 Kut. dela Tour 12, ¥ durst never telle it. .for drede 
of*encursinge. 1615 Sanpys Tvavels 276 Those who hired 


the fishing. .were *endamnified much by the violent break- 
ing in of the seas, 1592 SHaxs. Rom. & Ful, 1. iii, 98 More 
18 


EN- 


deepe will I *endart mine eye. 1644 Mitton Aveof., An 
oi ing her *endazzled eyes. 1607 Tragedie Cl. 
Tiberius G3 ( ; ee bosome fe maine *En- 
iapred with cole- porpesses. LoR10, Affos- 
sare, to ditch..about, to *endich. 1589 Was Alb, Eng. 


v. xxviii, What so else Occurrants..may ati ren 
Penne shall not *endizen. 1593 Nasne Christ’s T. (1613) 
My soule..will..*endrench mee in..dolour. ¢ 1500 
legy Hen. V in Percy Relig. 117 Grounde..Whiche wert 
= ne eh with rede blode. Pacitr on eae +9 
App. 21 A thing .. used to “eneich their 
CLovcn Amours de Voy v. 66 To *enfasten the roots of nef 
floating existence 10 toe ic eat he netghbouring Barts o0 
37° .. *enfertilized the n rin; s 
every side. 1609 J. Davies Holy Roode (1876) 16 5) Whiche 
His *enfe sores exulcerates. 1773 . Ross Hratricide 
iv. 347 Resolved In this next cope to foil or be enfoiled. 
c1440 Partonofe 2512 Such vntrouth wolde not he En- 
forged..haue. 1596 SPenser Hymn to Love xxi, Thou hast 
*enfrosen her disdainefull brest. 1822 J. WiLson in Blackw. 
Mag. X11. 113 Punch our powers insidiously *enfuddles. 1609 
Br. BARLow Answ. Nameless Cath. 73 The *engarbled An- 
atomie of a damned wretch. 1877 Bracke Wise Men 212 If 
aman could. .soarin; eas-werd.. Sages the radiant round. 
1 Pusey Lent. Serm. 3° nless..grace *engerminate 
a is spoken. /bid. 246 Thee. . Who didst. .*engladden 
_.me. 16r0 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict.in Farr S. P. Fas. 1 
(1848) 75 In those windows doth his arms *englaze. — 
Snaks. Lear 1. iv. 349 He may *enguard his dotage wit 
their powres, And hold our lives in mercy. 1855-9 SINGLE- 
ton Virgil 11. 163 Throughout many a year with awe En- 
guarded. 188r Paucrave Vis. England 279 The sword- 
hilt in the wound *enhamper’d caught. c 1386 CHaucer 
Monks T. 677 Thow schalt *enhangid ben, fader, certayn. 
1632 Vicars Virgil (N.), Matrons .. In heaps *enhedg’d 
it. 1380 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 44 And touch the Harp 
without *enjangling jar. oe Sir Ferumb. 1959 Whar- 
for to 30ow y make my mone; “*eniugieb 3e my foos. 
1603 FLorio Montaigne mi. xiii. (1632) 613 It is pitty 
a man should bee so..*enlanguished. 1654 CokaINE 
Dianea w. 329 Her eyes, enlanguished by griefe. 1601 
Hottanp Pliny xxxvu. vii. 617 By reason of the clay 
wherein they [rubies] be *enlapped. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. 80 A’smaller thred and more *enlengthened fila- 
ment. 1848 GesTEe Pr. Masse 127 To *enlessen theyr paynes 
in [purgatory]. 1603 FLorio Montaigne ui. xii. (1632) 599 
Vhat *enmildens mee. 1781 Burcoyne Lord of Manor 
1. i. (D.), Sweets bloom “enmingled around. 1526 SKELTON 
Magnyf. 2540 Fallyble flatery *enmyxed with bytternesse. 
1669 Evetyn Three late Impostors 70 It seemeth right to 
these your just debts to *enorder you to make satisfaction. 
1647 H. More Song of Soul Notes 145/2 He hath not yet 
*enquickened Men. .with this Deiform life. /did. 162/2 The 
lower man is our enquickned body. 1596 SpENsER Dole/. 
Lay Clorinda i, That my *enriven heart may find relief. 161 
W. Browne Brit. Past, u. i, Then with soft steps *enscale 
the meeknid vallies. ¢1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 640 Other iiii 
*enscore her place into, 1818 Lams Vis. Repent. Poems 
596 *Enseem’d it now, he stood on holy ground. 1§23 
Sketton Garl. Laurel 23 *Ensokyt with sylt of the m 
mose. 21547 EArt Surrey Aeneid u. 27 Did *enstuff..The 
hollow vf with armed soldiers. 1730 THOMSON A utumn 
1109 *Ensweeping first The lower skies. 1855 SINGLETON 
Virgil 1. 157 ‘the seas Ensweeping in its flight. 1600 
Suaxs. A. Y. LZ. mt. v. 48 Tis not..your cheeke of creame 
That can *entame my spirits. 1 Sinc.eton Virgil I. 
524 AEneas..terribly *enthunders in his arms. 1724 RAMSAY 
Tea-t, Misc. (1733) 11. 138 Shall I not to her health *en- 
toast. 1890 Suaks. Mids. N.1v. i. 48 So doth the wood- 
bine, the sweet Honisuckle Gently *entwist. 1800 T. 
Jerrerson Wit. (1859) IV. 320 He will .. entwist himself 
with the Envoys. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. xi. 14 One sence- 
lesse lumpe. .*Enwallow’d in his own blacke bloudy gore. 
1672 W. ve Britaine Dutch Usurp.23 They are sufficiently 
*enweakened. 1 Caxton can xvi. 62 Parys *en- 
wedded the fayr heleyne. 1593 Nasue Christ's 7 (1613) 
18, I have..*enwidened Hell mouth to swallow thee. 1623 
Cocxeram, E.xpfatiate, to enwiden, toenlarge. 1646 S. Bot- 
ton Arraignm. Err. 355 We had .. need rather .. seek to 
lessen than to enwiden our differences. 1860 Pusey Min. 
Proph. 427 *Enwisening, rejoicing, enlightening the soul. 
a 1849 Por To Helen Poems (1859) 64 Heart-histories 
seemed to lie *enwritten Upon those crystalline, celestial 
spheres. ¢1485 Plumpton Corr. 65 Ye *enwrong her of 
certayne lands. 1 Farrar St. Paul II. 154 Be not 
ain *enyoked with the yoke of slavery, 


n-, prefix, The form taken by the Gr. éy, 
etymologically cogn. with the prec. Chiefly in 
combinations already formed in Greek, as exal/age, 
endemic, energy, enthusiasm; occas. in mod. for. 
mations as enderon. (Before 4, m, p, ph, it takes 
the form em-; and before /, 7 it becomes é/, er- 
respectively.) 

-en, sufix1:—OTeut. -#no(m, formally the neut. 
of -éno-, -EN 4, is used to form diminutives from 
sbs. (esp. names of animals), as in CHICKEN, Kit- 
TEN, Matnen, ME. ficchen kid; also in ME. stuc- 
chen small piece. 

-en, suffix 2 :—WGer. -innja, repr. OTeut. -ini, 
occurs in several OE. fem. sbs., a few of which 
have survived into mod. Eng. 

1. It is used to form feminines from sbs. denoting 
male persons or animals, as in OE. gyden goddess 
(f. god), mynecen nun (f. munuc monk), wylfen 
she-wolf (f. wx/f wolf). The only surviving in- 
stance of this use is VIxEN female fox. 2. Se is 
added in a few instances to the stem of a vb. or to 
that of a verbal-abstract sb., as in BuRDEN, BuRIAN, 
OE. réden condition. 

-en, sufix%, the form assumed in ME, by the 
OE. -an, the termination of the nom., accus., and 
dat. plural of sbs. of the weak declension, as in 


but as in OE. 
-a, -¢ (levelled 

-an of the oblique 
ME., the termination -ez 


these the sole surviving representative (in standard 
Eng.) of this inflexion is ox-en; but hos-en (OE. 
hosan) continued in use until 17th c. In southern 
and south midland dialects the plurals in -en are 
still of frequent occurrence. 

-en, suffix 4 (reduced to -m after x in unstressed 
syllables), corresponds to OS. -iz, OHG. -én (Ger. 
-en), ON. -in, Goth. -eina- :—OTeut. -imo-, = Gr. 
-ivo-, L. -imo- (see -INE), added to noun-stems to 
form adjs. with sense ‘ ining to, of the nature 
of’. In Teut. the adjs. so formed chiefly indicate 
the material of which a thing is compo Of the 
many words of this formation which existed in 
OE. scarcely any survive in mod. use; but the 
suffix was extensively applied in ME. to form new 
derivatives. Some of hase took the place of OE. 
words, from which they formally differ only by the 
absence of umlaut ; compare OE. gy/den with mod. 
Eng. golden, OE. sténen (early ME. stenen) with 
ME. and dial. sfomen, made of stone. From 16thc. 
onwards there has been in literary English a 
growing tendency to discard these adjs. for fhe 
attrib. use of the sb., as in ‘a gold watch’; hence 

any of them have become wholly obs., and others 
(as golden, silvern) are seldom used except meta- 
phorically, or with rhetorical emphasis. It is 
only in a few cases (e. g. wooden, woollen, earthen, 
wheaten) that these words are still familiarly used 
in their lit. sense. In s.w. dialects, however, the 
suffix is of common occurrence, being added with- 
out restriction to all sbs. denoting the material of 
which anything is composed, as in g/assen, steelen, 
tinnen, papern, etc. 

-en, suffix 5, forming verbs. 

1. from adjs., as darken, deepen, harden, madden, 
moisten, widen. Most of the words of this type 


seem to have been formed in late ME. or early | 


mod.Eng., on the analogy of a few verbs which | 


came down from OE. or were adopted from ON. ; 
e. g. fasten :—OE. festnian ; ? brighten :—ONorth- 
umb. derhinia ; harden :—ON. hardna. In Teut. 
there are two classes of vbs. formed upon the 
‘weak’ or lengthened stems of adjs. (suffix -on-): 
(a) the intransitive (or in sense pass.) vbs. which 
in Goth. make the inf. in -zan, and the pa. t. in 
-dda; e.g. fullnan to be filled, f. fadlan- full; 
gabignan to be rich, f. gabigan- rich; managnan 
to abound, f. managan- many ; (¢) the originally 
trans. vbs. in OTeut. (z)zdjan, e. gz. OHG. festinin 
to fasten, f. feston- (:—fastjon-) fast. In Eng. these 
two classes of vbs. can scarcely be discriminated 
with precision, but in most cases the intr. sense (as 
in deepen = ‘become deeper’) appears to be de- 
rived from the trans. sense (as in deepen = ‘ make 
deeper’). 

2. from sbs. In OTeut. sbs. both of the weak 
and the strong declension gave rise to intr. verbs 
in -(¢)ndéjan, and this formation is represented by 
a few examples in OE., such as Alystnian to 
Listen. In 14th c. some additional vbs. occur, 
formed app. on the analogy of these, as Aq, 
threaten. The majority of Eng. words f. sb. + 
-en, however, such as heighten, lengthen, strengthen, 
hearten, barken, appear first in mod.Eng., and 
seem to be due to the analogy of the verbs f. adj 

3. In one or two cases (e.g. waken) the suffix 
-em represents pbb -na-, fhe formative of the 
present stem in ce’ strong verbs, 

Enabit, obs. var. IyHasrr. 

Enable (ené''b’l), v. Forms: 5-6 enhable, 
-bel, 6 enhabile, inhable, -bile, 6-8 inable, 5- 
enable. [f. En-1+Antx a.: cf. ABLE Z.] 

+1. To invest with legal status ; to habilitate. 

1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 20 Preamb., It was ordeyned .. 
that..Lord Roos and his heires shuld be restored, enhabled 
Sinem yr ee eee 
n e . 1. IL '. 
frome fenoudorth enabled in bod. 1990-87 jor Scot. 
Chron, (1806) I. 199 Constantine .. was ..inabled as heire 
a) t to the crowne. 1615 Wapswortu in Bedell Ze¢?. 
(1624) 11 The passions which. .moued King Henrie. .to dis- 


inherite Queene Mary, and enable Queene Elizabeth. 1622 
Catuis Stat. Sewers (1647) 193 Neither do the goods of the 


ENABLEMENT. 


Church inable the Parson. 1721 Srrype Zecl. Mem, 11.1. 
ee onomer - 
2. To authorize, sanction, empower; to 
legal pee or license to. Const. 40 with inf. 
‘ouseh. Ord. 217 If the purveyor shall the 
Hen. VII, 
and de- 


maunde her dower, 
eons a Srespee of Pact — Se 
e into a posture warre. 1 ol. KOC. Fenn, 
V. 32 An ‘act to enable J eae build 
Constit. Opin. (1839) 
legislate. _ hte ist. Eng. Il. on peed act was 
- beneficed clergymen. .to preferment 
in 
+3. To give power to (a person) ; to strengthen, 
make adequate or proficient. Ods. or arch. 
Lo. 


PAtscr. » 1 enable, I mak pos. 1 
Binks Gold: BEM. Aurel 5 eevee enable 


is fleshe in sere customes. 158r Mutcaster Positions 
xli. (1887) 2 ercise to enable the ly. 1596 SPENSER 
rel, 1862) 523 The ish Lords .. eet meres 
1 led bre ging 6 T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 

er os h i 


Gavte a 208 Th i. -. have a “s and 
acity ( much enabled thi 
Shoes oe men. 1888 Pall Sten 20 Dee. 8} Irish — 


alg said to be very enabling as well as extremely 
ing’, 

b. To impart to (a person or agent) power 
necessary or adequate for a given object ; to make 
competent or capable. Const. for, fo, unto. rare 
in mod, use. 

ae. Stans Puer in Babees Bk. (1868) 26 First thiself 
enable With all thin herte to vertuous disciplyne. 1594 
T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 19 Every thing .. being 
inhabled therunto through a quickening vertue infused into 
it. 1613 Life Will. J in Select. Hari. Misc. 2793) 10 
The people. .were well enabled both with courage skill, 
for all military atchievements. -_— H. Lawrence Comm. 
Angells 154 It was all that Alexander had to inable him to 
the conquest of the world. 1705 Stannore Parafh. III. 
2 The great things, our Blessed Saviour hath done. .are not 
intended to excuse his Followers from Action, but to enable 
them for it. 1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. III. ii. § 26. 50 How 
much of it will enable us best for our work. 

ce. To supply with the requisite means or op- 
portunities to an end or for an object. Const. 
to with inf. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. iii, Vertue and lernynge do inhabile a 
man..to be aes worthy. 1597 1. T. Serm. Paules C. 
33 God hath inhabled them to doe that great and weenee 
worke. 161x BrBLe ~ x We are enabled to informe 
others. 1650 Baxter Saints’ R. 1. vii. (1662) 74 They .. 
freely send the Spirit to inable us to perform Seonsapilé 
tions. 1742 Richarpson Pame/a III. 218 A new Recruit of 
Spirits. .inabled me to resume my Pen. 1770 Westey Serm. 
lvi. Wks. 1811 ie te ena) neghones along several 
young persons. 1 HIRLWALL Greece V. 281 A victory 
which he obtained over the Thebans enabled him to reduce 
Coronea. 1872 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 51 A solitude. . which 
enabled him to work better there. 

+4. To — as qualified or competent; to 
ascribe fications to. Ods. (Cf. disable in 


sie Tne Se oe one enhableth his owne 


with the beste. Be where 
Ruiron Walden 1 vj, 'd what 


+5. To make possible or easy; also to give 


effectiveness to (an action). Ods. 
1620 O. Sevcwicke Christ's Counsell 198 Things which 
and inable 


Defence, 1675 Sir 


doth inable the victory over the 4 

+6. intr. for vefl. To become able, gain strength 
or power. . rare". 

c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. w. 834 With squylle 


embawme..And thai wol soone enable in that jointe. 

Enabled (ena-b’'ld), Af/. a. [f. ENABLE v. + 
-ED!,] a. Endowed power, strong, mighty. 
b. lly sanctioned or authorized. 

Day Engl. Secret (1625) u. 114 The. .matter wherein 
hic nabied discretion may with greatest singularity be per- 
formed. 1608 R. J Seven Champi both he 
This enabled and famoused Knight at armes. 1729 SAVAG' 
Wanderer 1. 260 To justice soon Ue ened et ee 

+Enablement (ena:b’lmént). Ods. [f. En- 
ABLE v.+-MENT.] The action or means of en- 


abling. 
2 Habilitation, removal of ~ee disabilities. 
Act 11 Hen, pt © 45.84 acte of enhablement 


restitucion of Thomas of Surrey. | 1§03-4 Act 1 
Ga. 777. St See and enhabl a 


persones. 
_2. The process of rendering able, competent, or 
1; the state of being so ; concr, something 

which one is enabled, a qualification. 
Larne -hath .. efficacie 
virtue. S, Botton 


may be to be .. for 
Spricce Anglia Rediv. 1. 
‘atson, diligence .. redounded not 
a little to the enablement of the army. 1656 R. Rosinson 


Christ all 351 We haue tual enablement from Christ. 
1703 Burkitt On N. 7. Matt. xvii. 2 Those whom God 


ee ee 


ee ee ee ee 


ENABLER. 


singles out for the greatest trials, he will fit beforehand with 
the best enablements. . 
b. Support, sustenance, maintenance. rare. 

1626 T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 368 Others distributed 
their reuenew in equall portions to Churches, needy persons, 
and their owne enablement. did. 500 So much of my 
Fathers goods, which was meane inough, yet for my en- 
ablement sufficient. 

3. An equipment, implement. Cf. ENABLE z. 3. 

1495 Act xx Hen. VII, c. 64 Armours Defensives, as.. 
Cc and oth habil is of Wi 

Enabler (enéblez). [f. Ena 
who enables. 

1615 Hirron Wks. I. 606 It was wholly by a certaine 
secret enabler. 1619 W.Sciater E-xfos. 1 Thess. (1630) 108 
God, the onely enabler to so at performances. 1825 
Ann. Reg. 210 The word Habilitador might, if there were 
such a word, be translated Enabler. 

Enabling (enéblin), vd/. sd. [f. ENABLE v. + 
-inG1.]_ The action of the vb, ENABLE. 

x Siwney Afol, Poetrie (Arb.) ce This..enabling of 
iu ent. 1617 Hieron Wes. II. 348 To depend vpon God’s 
inabling. 1658 Whole Duty Man vii. § 14 By doing those 
things, for the enabling of us whereunto it was given us. 
1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 413 The prophets.. espying, by 
God’s enabling, things beyond human ken. 1888 Myers 
Chr. Living vii. 103 All God’s commands are enablings. 

Enabling (enéblin), f/. a. [f. ENABLE v. + 
-Inc?.] That enables: chiefly of legislative en- 
actments. Lwabling statute: sometimes applied 
spec. to the act 32 Hen. VIII. c. 28, by which 
tenants-in-fee and certain other persons were ‘ en- 
abled’ to make leases. 

2677 Fettuam Resolves 1. viii. 11 (ed. 10) It.. wounds him, 
to the loss of inabling Blood. 185x HeLps Com. Solit. xii. 
(1874) 221 Enabling powers, 1881 7%mes 17 Jan. 13/4 Mr. 
Crump urged that the statute was ‘enabling’. 1884 Pad/Z 
Mall. G.7 Nov. 1/1 The enabling bill. .is only a draft measure. 

+ Ena‘ct, sé. Ods. [f. next vb.] That which is 
enacted, an enactment; also fg. a purpose, reso- 
lution. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 390 By the enacte of this present 
yelde. bid. 404 This enacte so to endure by force of this pre- 
sent yelde. 1588 SHaks. 77t. A. 1v. ii. 118 The close enacts 
and counsels of the hart. 

Enact (ene‘kt), v. Also 5-7 inact. [f. En-1 
+ Aor sé, and v. Cf. Anglo-Latin zactitdre (1432) 
=sense I (Du Cange).] 

I. (from Acr sd.) 

+1. ¢vans. To enter among the acta or public 
records (see Act sé. 6); also, to enter in a record 
or chronicle. Oés. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 379 The actes of the yelde.. 
shullen be enacted and engrossed on a quayer of parchemyn. 
1475 Bk, Noblesse (1860) 24 It is. .enacted in divers cronicles 
. that. , William the duke of Guien died bethout heire masle. 
1568 Grarton Chron. II. 647 When these agreements were 
doneand enacted, the King dissolved his Parliament. 1640-1 
Kirkcudbr.War-Comm., Min. Bk. (1855) 69We have enacted 
this letter and will requyer and expect ane exact accompt 
thairof. 

2. Of a legislative authority: To make into an 
act (see Act sb, 5) ; hence, to ordain, decree. Also 
with obj.-clause introduced by ‘hat. (In early 
er scarcely separable from 1.) 

1464 Epw. IV in Paston Lett. 493 I. 165 He shall. .haue 
the said fundacon inacted and auctorised in the parlement 
next holden. 1566 Painter Pad. Pleas. 1. 21 The tribunes 
were verie instant that at length lawes might be enacted. 
3596 Suaxs. Merch.V. ww. i. 348 It is enacted in the Lawes of 

enice. 1633 G. Hersert J7emfple, Size iii, Wouldst thou 
His laws of fasting disanull? Enact good cheer? 1709 
Stryre Ann. Ref. I. xlix. 529 It was now declared and in- 
acted, that the said act and statute..should stand. 1710 
Priveaux Orig. Tithes i. 22 The Law of the Sabbath was 
enacted from the beginning. 1776 Apam Smitu W. N. 
I. 1. xi. 190 In 1463 it was enacted that no wheat should 
be imported if, etc. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit, /ndia III. 
557. To..amend the laws. .enacted by the Local Legislature. 

absol, 1580 Lavy PremBroke Ps. xcix. (1823) God did 
daigne to talk with men ; He enacting, they phe 2 From 
his will there was no swerving. 1642 Bripce Wound, Consc. 
Cured § 5. 38 There is an excellent temper of the three 
Estates in Parliament, there being .. no power of enacting 
in one or two of them, without the third. 

b. Said of the legislative measure. (See Enact- 
1nG Al. a.; cf. ordain, provide, etc.) 

1765-74 BLacksTonEe Comm, II, 82 Magna carta .. enacts 
that, etc, Mod. The statute enacted no new provisions. 

+c. nonce-use. To secure (rights) 4o a person 
by enactment. 

1628 Br. J. Hat in Rem. Wks. (1660) u. 21 God’s book 
is the true Magna Charta that enacts both king and people 
their own. : _ 

+3. To declare officially or with authority; to 
appoint. 70 enact into: to constitute. Obs. 

r61r Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xix. (1632) 944 Enacting 
them enemies to their naturall Country. ¢ 1677 Act Secur- 
ing Prot. Relig. in Marvell Growth P. 31 The person 
so consecrated, shall be, and is hereby Enacted to be com- 
plete Bishop of the said vacant 1715 BENTLEY Serv. 
X. 362 By ow de: Transubstantiation was enacted into 
an Article of Faith. 

II. (from Act v.) 

+4. To work in or upon; to actuate, influence. 
Also, to implant, inspire (a feeling, etc.) izto a 
person. Ods. Cf. Act v. 1. 

1616 W. Forpe Seri. 43 Nature itselfe..seemeth to have 
.-inacted this desire into every one, 1645 RUTHERFORD 


f Werres. 
BLE v.+-ER.] One 


139 


Tryal §& Tri. Faith (1845) 304 The wind of the Spirit doth 
not always enact the Soul to believe. 1647 H. More Song 
of Soult. u. xlv, To enact his corps and impart might Unto 
his languide tongue. /éd. 11. iii. u. i, Her phantasie Strongly 
inacted guides her easie pen. 

5. To represent (a dramatic work, a ‘ scene’) on 
or as on the stage; to personate (a character) 
dramatically, play (a part); also fig. with refer- 
ence to real life; = Act v. 4-7. 

nyt Lypc. Chron. Troy Prol., For they enacted and gilt 
with theyr sayes Theyr high renowne. 1602 SuHaxs. ‘Yam. 
In. ii, 108 I did enact Julius Cesar. 1828 CartyLe Misc. 
(1857) I. 199 Through life he enacted a tragedy, and one of 
the deepest. 1825 De Quincey Czsars Wis. 1859 X. 155 
Marcus Antoninus is a scholar ; he enacts the philosopher. 
1860 Mot.ey Netherl. (1868) I. i. 9 Its main scenes were long 
enacted there. 

b. To perform (a ceremony). 

1846 KesLe Lyra [nnoc., (1873) 114 She sees him.. Dimly 
enact some awful rite. 

+6. To bring into act, accomplish, perform. Ods. 

1594 SHaks. Rich. J/J, v. iv. 2 The king enacts more 
wonders thena man. 1616 R. C[rowLey] 77mes’ Whis. m1. 
1155 If ther be handes that dare enact a murder. 

+7. intr. To act. Cf. Aor v. 9. Obs. 

1593 NasHE Christ's T. (1613) 68, I may be the better able 
to enact with my hands. 1684 CHarnock 4 ¢trié. God (1834) 
II. 559 They punctually enact according to their com- 
mission. 

+ Ena‘ct, pf/e. = enacted, pa. pple. of Enact v. 
a. Enacted, decreed. b. Actuated, influenced. 

1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. 1. 61 That if anything 
sonia be enact done by Counsell. 1843 E. Jones Sens. & 
Event 189 Deception sometimes is by virtue enact. 

Enactable (enzktab’l), a. [f Enacr v. + 
-ABLE.] That may be enacted. 

1882 Advance (Chicago), In the State of Illinois, constitu- 
tional prohibition is neither enactable nor enforcible. 

Enacted (enz'ktéd), pf/. a. [f. as prec. + -ED 1.] 

1. Ordained by legislative authority. 

1579 Furke Heskins’ Parl. 68 It cannot be an enacted 
trueth, without the consent of the higher house. 1863 Fr. 
Kemste Resid. Georgia 253 Enacted statutes on which 
this detestable system is built. 1869 J. Martineau Zs. 
II. 64 We judge by the datum of enacted law. 

2. Performed (as on the stage) ; also, carried out 
in action, performed, perpetrated. 

1647 H. More Song of Soud To Rdr. 7/1, I can seem no 
better to them then a piece of highly inacted folly. 1813 
Scorr Rokeby 1. ii, Conscience, anticipating time, Already 
rues the enacted crime. 

Ena‘cting, 2/. sd. [f. as prec.+-ING1.] The 
action of the verb ENACT in various senses. 

1631 WEEVER Anc. Fux. Mon. 83 The murmuring of his 
Subiects, vpon the enacting of this Statute. 1782 Burke 
Penal L. agst. Irish Catholics Wks. VI. 279 In the enact- 
ing of which [laws] they do not directly or indirectly vote. 

Ena‘cting, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-1Nc2.] That 
enacts. xacting clauses (of a statute): those in 
which new provisions are enacted, as distinguished 
from those which merely contain statements of 
fact or declarations of the existing law. 

1644 Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy v. 39 They have 
an enacting Authority. 1670-1 Marve.t Corr, Wks. 1872-5 
II. 376 A long debate for bringing in an inacting clause. 
1771 Funius Lett. Ixiii, 323 It stands in no need of a bill 
eleses enacting or declaratory. 1867 Times 27 Nov. 11/6 
The enacting part warranted a dismissal. 

Enaction (enzkfon). [f. as prec.: cf. Acrion.] 
a. The action of enacting (a law) ;= ENACTMENT I. 
b. concr. = ENACTMENT 2. 

1630 J. Craven Sermon (1631) 14 Laudable enactions ; 
but the misery is..lamentable executions. 1645 J. Goop- 
win Junocency Triumph. 78 Without penall enactions 
against those that cannot obey. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 
I. 316 mote, His endeavours to prevent the enaction of the 
stamp act. 1825 WaTEeRTON Wand. S. Amer. WW. ii. 328 
Many a vexatious enaction might be put in force. 1888 A. 
Gustarson in Voice (N. Y.) 15 Mar., For the enaction of 
good laws we must have good law-makers. 

Enactive (enzx'ktiv), @. [f. as prec. + -IVE.] 
Relating to or concerned with the enactment of 
law; =ENACTING ff/. a. 

1658 BraMHALL Schism Guarded 271 (L.) An enactive 
statute regardeth only what shall be. 1881 Daily News 
. fad 3/1 They had disposed of the enactive part of the 

ill. 


+ Enactize, v. Obs! Used for Enact v. 

a 1618 Sytvester Du Bartas (1621) 1207 Lawes of vertue 
to enactize [yiming with practize (sd.)]. 
Enactment (enzx‘ktmént). 

-MENT.] 

1. The action of pe-rarey, Ak: law). 

1817 Eart Liverroor Sf. in Evans Parl. Deb. I. 586 The 
enactment of the present bill. 1818 Cospetr Pol. Reg. 
X XXIII. 604 The enactment of them only confirmed men 
in their opinion. 1825 T. Jerrerson Axtobiog. Wks. 1859 
I, App. 113 The laws of the State, as well of British as of 
Colonialenactment. 1868 Mirman S?. Paul's viii. 169 The 
enactment of the Six Articles, 

b. The state or fact of being enacted. 

1885 Law Times 137/1 The draft Criminal Code. .appears 
to be no. .nearer to enactment than it was three years ago. 

2. That which is enacted; an ordinance of a 
legislative sue a statute. 

1821 Syp. Smitn Edin, Rev. Wks. 1859 I. 334/2 A prison 
is a place where men .. should be made unhappy by public 
lawful enactments. 1827 HaLLam Const. Hist. (1876) I. i. 34 
Many general enactments of this reign bear the same cha- 
racter ofservility. 1862 Fraser's Mag. Nov.635 Glass manu- 


[f Enacr v.+ 


ENAM. 


factories were crippled by harassing enactments. 1876 
Green Short Hist. v. § 2 (1882) 225 A crowd of enactments 
for the regulation of trade. aA 

b. fl. The particular provisions of a law. 

1839 THIRLWALL Greece III. 83 We know neither the occa- 
sion which gave rise to it, nor the precise nature and extent 
ofits enactments. 1845 M¢Cuttocu Taxation u. x. (1852) 
353 The enactments were such as might be expected to 
follow a preamble of this sort. ; 

3. The acting of a part or character in a play. 
vare—°, In mod. Dicts. 

Enactor (enz’kto1). Also 7 enacter, enn- 
actor. [f. as prec.+-oR; cf. Acror.] 

1. One who enacts (a law, etc.). 

1609 Man in Moone (1849) 27 The lawes of the Highest 
Enacter of all decrees. 1695 Br. Patrick Comm. Gen. i. 1 
The enacter of their laws. 1861 Witson & Gefxie Mem. 
E. Forbes i. 13 The enactors of this law. 

2. One who enacts (a part, scene, ceremony, 
incident, or transaction). 

1829 Lanpor Jag. Conv. (1846) II. 45 The enactors and 
applauders .. of the first and greatest crime. 1858 J. Mar- 
TINEAU Stud. Chr. 37 Skilful enactor of rites. 

Enactory (enektari), a. [fas prec. + -ory.] 
Concerned with or relating to the enactment of law. 

1844 Blackw. Mag. LV. 226 Whether Lord Aberdeen’s 
bill were enactory..or declaratory. 1884 A. A. Putnam 
10 Yrs, Police Fudge xii. 83 ‘Laws and Resolves’, enactory 
and re-enactory. 

+ Ena‘cture. Os. [f. as prec. +-URE.] ?Car- 
rying into act, fulfilment. 

1604 Saks. Ham. 1. ii. 207 (Qg.) The violence of either 
grief or joy Their own enactures [#f ennactors], with them- 
selves destroy. 

+ Ena‘ge, v. Obs. Also 6-7 inage. [f. En-} + 
AcE; cf. OF. enaagzer to declare (one) to be of 
full age.] ‘vans. To make old; to give the ap- 
pearance of age to. 

Hence Ena‘ged /f/. a., grown old, inveterate. 

1593 NasuE Christ’s 7. (1613) 68 Famine should .. inage 
thee. 1594 Zepheria xvi, Disdain should thus enage thy 
brow! 1598 Sy_vestER Du Bartas u. u. i. (1605-7) 1. 276 
Neuer frost, nor snow, nor slipp’rie ice The Fields enag’d. 
1631 Celestina i. 20 O inaged vertue ! 

Enaid: see En- pref) 3. 

+ Enai‘r, v. Obs. rare-'. 
sb, or v.) trans. To ‘air’. 

1602 Davies Wittes Pilgr. N ij, Who, when she lists (with 
Balme-breath’s Ambrosie) Shee it [her tongue] enaires in 
Prose or Poesy. 

Enaliosaur (enzlijos§:1). [f. Gr. évadro-s of 
the sea+oavpos lizard.] A ‘marine lizard’: a 
designation applied to the gigantic fossil reptiles 
(allied to the crocodiles) forming the orders Saz- 
ropterygia and Ichthyoplerygia. 

1863 LyELL Axtig. Man xx. 403 Remains of an enaliosaur 
-.in the coal of Nova Scotia. , 

Enaliosaurian (enzlijos$-riin), @. and sé. 
[f. as prec. + -IAN.] 

A. adj. Pertaining to or resembling the Ena- 
liosaurs. 

1860 Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. 36x The possibility of the 
present existence of the Enaliosaurian type. 1860 A the- 
neun 22 Dec. 875 The Enaliosaurian hypothesis. 187 
Hartwic Subterr. W. ii. 20 Enaliosaurian reptiles. 

B. sb, = ENALIOSAUR. 

1837 Penny Cycl., Enaliosaurians. .fossil marine animals. 
1881 Grant ALLEN Vignettes fr. Nat. viii. 72 The sea 
swarmed with gigantic enaliosaurians. 

Enallage (enz'lidz7). Also 7-8 enallagy, 
enalagy. [a. L. enallag?, a. Gr. évaddayn 
change, related to évaAAdooey to change. ] 

1. Gram. The substitution of one grammatical 
form for another, e.g. of sing. for pl., of present 
for past tense, etc. 

1583 Futke Defence 126 In the participle .. is a manifest 
enallage or change of the gender. 1614 SELDEN 7itles Hon. 
irs Their Grammarians make it [Elohim] an Enallage of 
Number .. to express excellencie. 1656 Owen Wks. 1851 
VIII. 403 There may be an enallagy of number, the nation 
for the nations. 1737 WATERLAND Eucharist (ed. 2) 373 
Enallage of tenses, which is frequent in Scripture. 1832 
in Wesster ; and in mod. Dicts. 

+2. Rhet. (See quot.) Ods.—° : 

1736 Bary, Enallage, a figure whereby we change or in- 
vert the order of the terms in a discourse. 

+ Ena‘luron. Hr. Os. Also 8 enalyron. 
[perh. a. AFr. phrase *ev aileron (en in, by way 
of; adleron pinion, also bordering, braiding of a 
doublet). Ifthe traditional explanation be correct, 
cf. ALERION.] A bordure charged with birds. 
(According to Sir G. Mackenzie and Porny the 
word is an adv.,=‘or/é, or in manner of a bor- 
dure’, the use by English heralds from Leigh 
onwards being erroneous.) 

1562 Leicu A rmorie (1597) 111 The fifth [Bordure] is called 
Enaluron, when it is occupied with any foule or bird. 
16r0 Guituim Heraldry 1. v. (1660) 29 A bordure, Azure 
charged with Enaluron of Martlets. 1766 Porny Heraldry 
(1787), English armorists call a Bordure Enaluron if charged 
with eight birds. [And in mod. Dicts.] 

|| Enam (7na‘m). /zdia. Also enaum, inam, 


inadim. [Pers. (Arab.) obsil in sant, lit. ‘favour’, 
f. ,25 nasama to be happy, in 4th conj. el 
18- 


[f. En-1+ Ar 


ENAMBER. 


ansama to favour, bless.] A grant of land free of 
the land-tax due to the State as supreme landlord ; 
also, the land so held. 


140 


lectively ‘enamel- membrane’; enamel-cuticle, 
that which covers the outer surface of the enamel ; 


nach Dx. Wettincton in Gurwood Des; me 2 she 
gave him a village in enaum. ppd H. mane 
Dicest I. 302/t An Ina4mdar is 


——. any of — 1858 J. B. ye Topics 


240 Short-sighted away an 
quantity of land in pede 
Enamber: see En- prefix! 1b. 
Enambush: see En- frefixl 1. 
|| Ena:mdarr. Zndia. [a. Pers. paola! insam- 


dir, f. insdm ENaM +, ly dar, ee of ert 


dashtan to hold.] faa who holds an ENAM; an 
assignee of land free of land-tax. 

1850 [see Enam]. 1858 J. B. Norton Topics 52 The dis- 
possessed enamdar .. nurse[s] a sullen .. vengeance against 
us. 1866 Daily Tel. 'g Feb. 4/4 What can his views be upon 

. -ryotwarree, Enamdars, Indian taxation? 

Enamel (enz'mél), sd. Forms: 5 innamyl, 
6 inamel(1, enamell, 7 enammel, 7- enamel. 
[f- ENAMEL 2. ; ; the etymological senses are ‘means 
of enamelling’, ‘ process or result of enamelling’ ; 
the former includes the sense of AMEL sé., which 
became obs. in 18th c.] ; 

1, A semi-transparent or opaque composition of 
the nature of glass, applied by fusion to metallic 
surfaces, either to ornament them in various co- 
lours, or to form a surface for encaustic painting ; 
also (in 19th c.) used as a lining for culinary 
vessels, etc. 

1463 in Bury Wills (1850)35 A ruby with iiij labellys of 
one innamyl. 1 T.B Le Prteand. Fr. Acad. 1. 
(1594) 208 All works of gold, silver, and San: 1662 
Evetyn Chalcogr. (1769) 44 Silver, to fill with a certain 
encaustic or black enamel. 1712 tr. Pomet’s Hist. Dru, 
I. 193 Being finely ground, it is used by the Goldsmiths for 
Enamel. 1837 Disraeu Venetia 1. ii. (1871) 5 Wild hya- 
cinths .. spread like patches of blue enamel. 1875 Ure 
Dict. Arts I. 277 The enamel of these saucepans is quite 
a from lead. 

b. fig.; formerly with notion of an additional 
or perfecting adornment ; now chiefly with refer- 
ence to the hardness and polish of enamel. 

a 1680 S. CHARNock in Spurgeon Treas. Dav., Ps. cxxxv. 
13 Unchangeableness is the thread that runs through the 
whole web; it is the enamel of all the rest. 1678 Jer. 
Taytor Serm. Ded., bere Truths .. are the enamel and 
beauty of our Churches. 1825 Macautay Milton, Ess. (1851) 
I. 14 None of the hard and brilliant enamel of Petrarch 
in the style. 1858 Hawtuorne Fr. & /t. Frnis. II. 35 A 
genuine love of painting and sculpture .. formed a fine and 
hard enamel over their character. 

ce. A glassy ‘ bead’ formed by the blowpipe. 

d. In recent use applied to any composition 
employed to form a smooth hard coating on any 
surface (e.g. on pottery, wood, leather, paper, etc.). 
Cf. ENAMEL v. 2. 

2. Phys. [after Fr. émail.| The substance which 
forms the hard glossy coating of teeth ; the similar 
substance forming the coating of the bony scales 
of ganoid fishes. 

1718 J. CHAMBERLAYNE Relig. Philos, (1730) I. iii. §2 The 
Teeth are surrounded with a hard Substance. .the Enamel. 
1782 A. Monro Anatomy 114 Each tooth is composed of its 
cortex, or enamel, and an internal bony substance. 1847 
CARPENTER a § 586 Fishes of this order [Ganoidians] are 
covered b —— scales, composed internally of bone, 
and coated with enamel. 1863 Lond. Rev. 10 Jan. 35/2 To 
nations good manners are what modesty is to chastity, or 
enamel to the teeth. 1873 Mivart Elem. Anat. vii. 250 
The enamel is the hardest structure in the human body and 
almost entirely a mineral, containing but two per cent. of 
animal substance. 

3. An artistic work executed in enamel; an 
enamel-painting. 

, 786x Sat. Rev. 7 Sept. 253 The leather drinking-cu; 

and i a ra, od high rank. “7863 
on G. Scorr Glean, ‘Westm. Ab, 61 The execution of these 

Is is truly 1865 Reader Mar. 278/2 Henry 
pore . fora p Bee enamel .. is said to have received 2,200 


< “transf, ( poet. and rhetorical) Applied to any 
smooth and lustrous surface-colouring (sometimes 
with added notion of varied colours); esp. to 
verdure or flowers on the ground. 

1600 Farrrax Tasso (J. Sete from her eyes welled the 
ory round Upon the ht enamel of her face. 

OYLE Occas, cot ga ge a4 a (1675) ms The various an 
curious E . 1814 Cary Dante's 
Inf. Ww. 113 vg ace - i of the plain Were shown 
me the t spirits. 1847 Emerson Poems, Each & All 
Reda A n) I. 399 The bubbles of the latest wave Fresh 
_— to een’ iyo Soyo = Sxeat Uhland’s Poems 5x 

se 

5. irk and Comb., as omen er -lining, 
-manufactory, -painting ¢, -powder, -wor 
also enamel-kiln, a kiln ier firing porcelain that 
has been printed on the glaze; ; enamel-painting, 
the production of a picture by fusing vitrifiable 
colours laid on a metal surface; enamel-paper, 
paper covered with a glazed metallic coating. 
Also (in dental anatomy), enamel-cell, one of the 
cells of the examel-organ, sometimes called col- 


enamel-germ, a of thickened epithelium, 
which afterwards developesintothe enamel-organ. 
sctanclcolour, 681 Porat Wks the flux for 
h mwesied ofer 1x bas has pase through the 

Sona ey Daily News 24 J fd *enamel 


arecking utensils used in - 
OCOCKE Travels (1889) II. 


chon and Neansed 


inary. Pract, Surg. 1, 


38 manufactory a developed fom *enamel organ. 184 5 
Lomaay = A Introd. Miniature and “cramel 
painting. pres Oe, Arts I. 272 Allenamel pain: 
pas Oy on either couper or gna. # 
por a4 Teeth prt The ie p plates in the hans 
_— Ure ay Arts Il, 273 The *enamel powd: 
1s spec wi 


—— Pe 7 tr. Keysler’s Tree Ons (x760) 
II. 6 An *enamel-work ¢ ancient arms of Florence. 
1879 Sir G. Scorr Lect. srckee I. 312 Of enamel-work you 
have splendid relics in the monument of William de Valence. 

Enamel (enx'mél), v. Forms: 4 enaumayl, 

4-5 anamal, -el, -yl, 5 annamal), 4-6 enamyl, 

5 ennamel), 6-8 enamell, 7 en-, inammel(1, 
(enamol, inamil, 8 enamle), 4- enamel. [ad. 
AFr. enamayller, enameler (1313 in Godef.), f. 
en- (see EN-!) +amayl, AMEL sb.] 

1. ¢vans. To inlay or encrust (metal) with a 
vitreous composition (see ENAMEL sé.) applied to 
the surface by fusion. Also adsol. 

In early use chiefly denoting the inlaying or partial cover- 
ing of a metallic surface in order to ornament it by the con- 
trast between the colour of the enamel and that of the 
metal ; afterwards applied to the process of entirely coverin; 
metals with enamel, to form a ground for painting in vitrife 
able colours, or for any ornamental or economic purpose. 

c 1325 EZ. £. Allit. P. B. 1457 Brende golde . . enaumaylde 
with azer. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. xix. 219 Foules, ‘alle of old, 
& richely wrought & enameled. 1420 in £. E. Wills 41 
& pe cnap of couercle ys an-amylyd with blewe. a1440 
Sir De, Anamelede with azoure. 1458 Zest. Ebor. 
(1855) io Tliver that is anameled. ?c1475 Sgr. lowe 
Degre 746 Your chaynes enameled many a folde. 1503 
Privy Purse Eliz. of York (1830) 96 A payre of smalle knyves 
inamyled for the Quenes owne use. 1 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. 38 Jewels of gold inammeld and set with stones of 
worth. a1691 Boye (J.), It were foolish to colour or enamel 
upon the glasses of telescopes. 1716-8 Lapy M. W. Mon- 
TAGUE Lett. I. xxxii. 112 A large bouquet of jewels made 
like natural flowers. .well set and enamelled. 1799 G. Smitu 
Laboratory 1. 122 It will become fit to enamel with on gold 
or other metals. 1837 Gorinc & Pritcnarp Microgr. 40 
A piece of dial plate enamelled black. 1872 Yeats Tech. 
Hist. Comm. 211 Kitchen utensils of tin and iron are 
enamelled. 

b. To inlay or cover metal surfaces with (figures 
or ornaments of enamel) ; to pses dl with enamel. 

1494 Fasyan vit. 538 And therin i grauen & en- 
amelyd moste curyouslye. 1558 Lanc. VET. I. 88 A ring 
of gold wt" letters one y° outside enamyled. 1 tr. 
Keysler’s Trav. (1760) 1V. 260 A golden triangle..on which 
is enamelled the image of the virgin Mary. 

ce. transf. To variegate like enamelled work; 
to adorn or beautify (any surface) with rich and 
varied colours. 

1650 Futcer Pisgah 11. vi. 143 The countrey thereof was 
enamelled with pleasant rivers. £653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s 
Trav. xxxix. (1663) 156 The Lord.. enamels the Firma- 
ment with stars. ¢ 1750 SHENSTONE Elegies xxvi. 4 Spring 
ne’er enamell’d fairer meads than thine. 1834 PrincLe 
Afr. Sk. ix. Millions of flowers of the most brilliant 
hues enamel the earth. 1875 J. Benner Winter Medit. a 


ENAMORATE. 


Enamelled, enameled (cnx'méld), gyi. a. 
[f. Examen v. + -Ep1,] 
ih inna or serered with hare or with 
a glossy coating resembling ename! namelled 
board: cardboard with ae lazed surface. Zn- 
amelled leather: a glazed Aather used for boots, 
for parts of etc. L£namelled photo- 
874 ht: a phot oe or pottery, covered 
a thin layer of enamel; also (in recent use) 
a on paper, overlaid with a film of 


culinary utensils are pees 
por aoe pegs ght Reo entirely cased with 
enamelled tiles of blue. 

: Having a coating of 


are always two sets ty teeth. 
Having naturally a hard a Shed surface, re- 
sembling enamel. 

1590 Suaks. Mid. N.u. i. 255 And there the snake throwes 
her enammel’d e. 1591 — Two Gent. u. vii. 28 He 
olen not o . with th’ (ehells} acm Woon- 
warD Mollusca (1856) 1or Those e! ire a glazed 
or enamelled cate, like the couries. hang 

Beautified with various colours. 
1613 Purcuas Pilgr. 1.1. v. 20 Delighting themselves in the 


enamelled walkes. Mixton Arcades 84 O’er the 
enamelled green .. Follow me. 1760 J. Scorr Elegy Poet. 
Wks. (1786) Blows not a flow’ret in th’ enamel'd vale. 
1860 hea fe_vitte Holmby House 337 The enamelled 
meadows . that fairyland. 

+b. i Ornate. Obs. 

1604 T. 5 oat Passions w. i. 112 Inameld ers .. 


condemned others as barbarous and ignorant. 1656 S. WINTER 
Serm. Ep, Ded., I have not affected enamel'd phrases. 


Enameller. enameler (enz'méle:). [f. Ev- 
AMEL v, + -ER.] One who enamels, or executes 
enamelled work. 

1623 Cockeram, An Enammeller, Encasticke. a (title) 
bad ife of eee Chon t Ge ieee pn mee ne 
1800 tr. Lagrange’s Chem. ou may employ 
formed at an enameller's lamp. 1861 A. B. Hore Eng. 
Cathedr. 19th C. vii. 251 Enamellers of tiles are rising in 


general estimation. 

Enamelling, enam (enze"mélin), v62. 
sb. Also 6 Sc, enamelyne. a AMEL v. pins 

1. a. The action or process of covering or adom- 
ing with enamel. b. concr. A covering or orna- 
mentation of enamel. Also at¢trid. 

Enamelling-furnace, a furnace for fusing the coat- 
ing of enamel on earthenware, glass, ete. Znamel- 
ling-lamp, a lamp with blowpipe attached for 
peer. glass with enamel. 

exeep | Pecock Repr. x07 Tiel scheiden: lals Se 

ename. 


than reed or Lynprsay Sgr. Mel- 
dram x23 Wis. oe 163 Ob fod fae ane gartand of her 
heid Decorit with e ssa Ever er Mem. (1857) 
I. o6t, I vent to.ces iaieaae ng art. 


in enamelling. 1688 R. Hotme Arwaery ta. Po An En- 
amelli ne 5 -is for the ordering and setling Ammell . 

in its 1729 Six J. Crerk in Bibl. Topogr. Brit. II. 
258 A sort of enamelling on the gold socket. 1760 Issots 
in od (1884) 18 Apr. 4/3 Many curiosities of 


87 In Comic the roadside in the valleys. .is 
at the purple Cyclamen. 

+d. fig. To ado magnificently ; to impart an 
additional splendour to what is already beautiful ; 
to embellish superficially. 

Nasue Christ's Teares 63 You — count it 
pre ¢ to arte-enamel your speech. INGMETHORPE 
Serm. 2 ou have manele as it were 
par tet Ear that graund benefite with infinite other kind. 
nesses. 1599 Nasue Lent. Stuffe (1871) oy ht enamel 


and hatch ouer this device more artificial @ 1631 Donne 
Serm. 4 97 And being enameled with that beautiful Doc- 
trine of 


_ Pre natrsg cn 1670 — in Phil. Trans. 

TO! ow do suc! ersons enam Characters, 

oleae their Titles with las leather ond pani honors ! ~~ 
2. In various extended uses (see ENAMELLED). 

a. To apply y a vitreous glaze by fusion to (sur- 
faces of any kind, e.g. pottery). 

b. To cover (any material, e.g. wood, , 
cardboard, leather) with a smooth polled coating 
resembling enamel. 

+c. Used _ by Holland as transl. of L. inurere: 
To ‘bum in’ the colours (applied with wax 
crayons) in encaustic painting. Odés. 


Poca ee yard eon Apu al baer sa the feat of settii 
colours with wax, and enamelling Ibid, Aedes 
inamel by the means of fire, 


d. As a cosmetic eorg To ly certain 
preparations to (the face) in order te iapeat an 
Teneo of smoothness to the skin. 

o0-= Enamelling the face. This practice .. is 
partly descri Ovi 


in a fragment of 
, enamelar (enex'mélaz), a. [f. 
EnaMeEt sd. + -AR.] Consisting of enamel, resem- 
bie. enamel ; smooth, glossy, 
in WessTEr. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 


es, etc, 1822 Bewick Mem. 56 ‘The 
latter pa his brother . om and painting. 1868 
Cosmetics, bath 


Times 22 Sep. 9/4 preparations and en- 
Ey 

} D. Burteicu Advice to Q. Eliz. in Hari, Misc. 
(abe) IL: A fair of a terrible 


. 49 The 


nde oe ae 
Bnamatiias (< 


age. 
+Ena‘melure. 0¢s. rare—l. [f. Examen v. 
+- “age hi An enamelling, ree of enamel. 
tors pad “oe © xcv. 69) Eche of them 
was propre 


pee Obs. 
Enamour] = INAMORATO, 


Sir T. Hersert 7vav, .) An enamorado neglects 
Behn things to Sa omplich is di delight. 


+Ena‘morate, v. Obs. rare. [f. It. inna- 
morat- ppl. stem of innamorare ‘to enamour, to 
fallin loue’ (Florio).] ¢vans. To inspire with love. 
Hence Ena‘morating //. a. Also Ena‘mora’- 


tion, ecs' of love. 
1591 nd fe Sp. Dict, aap wry By 


Heywoop Gunaik. The place which 
VI. 297 pede 

him first grow enamorat eusenoumned. a@xujir a ee Laan 2 

Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 112 liga my Spirit stream, I 


(Sp., f. examorar to 


sweet Dement Weal ages XV. 
ae Lik coneemntiene whi 
+ Enamorate, a. and sé. Ods. Also 7 en- 


rigs -ourite. fad. It. _ a see prec. 
pga sd. A lover. prec] 
Ties rvornaic eemgeet 


ENAMORATO. 


1607 Heywoop Fair Maid Exch. i. Wks. 1874 I. 21, 1am 
a poor enamorate. 1614 Cooke City Gallant in Hazl. 
Dodsley 11. 289 A kind enamoret I did strive to prove. 1621 
Burton Anat. Mel. u1. ii. m1, Is this no small servitude for 
an enamourite to be every hour combing his head? 1599 
Nasue Lent. Stufe (1871) 38 A third writes passing en- 
amorately, of the nature of white-meats. 

orato, enamorata, obs. forms of In- 
AMORATO, INAMORATA. 

1756 Connoisseur cxxiv. 21, I have lately taken a survey 
of the numerous tribe of Enamoratos. ¢ 2763 Babler (1767) 
I. 164 No. 39 Various were the tricks related of this un- 
happy. enamorato. 1772-84 Coox Voy. (1790) IV. 1317 
Thinking it would be a bad precedent, and an encourage- 
ment to other enamouratoes, 1812 R. H. in Zxam. 25 
May 327/2 The kissing of a girl by two enamoratoes. ~~ 
Catuin NV. Amer. Ind. (1844) Il. lv. 198 One of his little 
fair enamoratas, or ‘catch crumbs’ such as live in the halo 
of all great men. 

Enamour (enema), v. Forms: 4-5 an- 
amo(u)r, -er, 4-9 enamor (6 ennamor), 5 en- 
amur, 7 enamore, inamor, -our, 4- enamour. 
[a. OF. examour-er, f. en- (see EN-1) + amour love 
(see Amour) ; equivalent formations are Pr., Sp., 
Pg. ar, It. z: rare.| 

1. ¢rans. To inspire or inflame with love. Chiefly 
pass. Zo be enamoured: to be in love. Const. 
of, ton, tupon, with. Also fig. 

1303 R, Brunne Hand. Synne 8170 A grete mayster and 
a syre Was anamourde so on hyre. c 1385 Reacces L.G.W. 
1606 She wex enamoured vpon this man. 1494 Fasyan v1. 
clxxvii. 174 Of this Lowys, it is testifyed .. that he shulde 
enamoure hymselfe vpon a menchon [z.e. nun]. 1530 PALscr. 
532/1 She hath as many craftes to enamour a foole upon her 
as any queene in this towne. 1549 CoverpaLe Evasm. Par. 
2 Cor. iit.8 So is oure soule euerye daye more and more secre- 
atelye enamoured. 1590 SHaks. Mids. N.1v.i.82 Me-thought 
Iwas enamoured of an Asse. @ 1626 W. ScLatTer Sermons 
Experimentall (1638) 210 Methinks, therefore, that I might 
enamore you of love towards this mercy of God in Christ 


Jesus. 1629 Donne Whitsund. Serm., Gen. i. 2 Wks. 
1839 I. 58 Lord, thou hast enamoured me, made me in 
love. 1671 Mitton P. 2. u. 211 Should she .. Descend 


with all her winning charms begirt To enamour. c 1750 
SHENSTONE Solicttude 5 With her mien she enamours 
the brave. 1801 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Dzsf. I. 336 It ap- 
s that he was much enamored of one of the Koorg 
Rajah’s sisters. 1858 Loncr. Efimeth. x, Him whom 
thou dost once enamour. 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 32 
a that lady lives of whom enamoured was my 
soul. 
2. In weaker sense: To charm, delight, fascinate. 


Chiefly pass. Const. of, + on, + with. 

1s90 Suaxs. Mids, N. 11. i. 141 Mine eare is much en- 
amored of thy note. 1647 SaLtMARSH Sfarkd. Glory (1847) 
107 ‘Those only graces that the world can. .be enamoured on 
in God’s people. x Sout Sevm. (1697) I. 11 Whether.. 
Anger .. Revenge.. Wantonness .. could have at all affected 
or enamour’d the mind of the same Socrates. 1742 RicHaRD- 
son Pamela III. 55 Lord Davers himself is become in- 
amour’d of your Letters. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 83 They 
are so much enamoured of your fair and equal representa- 
tion. 1866 Dickens Left. (1880) II. 262, I am not so much 
enamoured of the first and third subjects. 

4] 3. To desire passionately, fall in love with. 

1854 BaiLey Festus (ed. 5) 445 The pining spirit Which 
doth enamour immortality. 

Enamoured (enz'maid), 4f/. a. [f. prec. vb. 
+-ED1.] Full of the passion of love; in love. 
Also, in weaker sense, charmed, fascinated. 

@ 163 Donne Poems (1650) 38 Th’ inamour'd fish will stay. 
5 LANVILL Sceps. Sci. xiv. 83 The enamour’d Intellect. 
1669 WoopHEAD St. Teresa 1. xxxvi. 268 This Glass was .. 
set in our Lord himself, with such an enamoured commu- 
nication of himself. 1 STEELE Tatler No. 27 ? 6 Love 
-. had that Effect on this enamour’d Man. 1814 Worpsw. 
White Doe 1. 85 Where the enamoured sunny light Brightens 
her that was so bright. 1855 Mirman Lat, Chr. (1864) V. 
vi. viii. 23 The enamoured princess could not endure life 
without him. 1877 DowpENn Shaks. Prim. vi. 82 The en- 
amoured Venus. 

Hence Ena*mouredness. rave. 

@1678 WoopHEAD Holy Living (1688) 56 Sensual loves, or 
enamour’dness of any earthly person or thing. 18.. Mrs. 
C. Crarke On Coriolanus u. i. 164 Among the most intense 
utterances of spousal enamouredness. 

Enamouring (eneemorin), Afi. a. [f. En- 
AMOUR ¥.+-ING2,] That enamours ; lovely. 

1667 Decay Chr. Piety viii. § 3. 265 The .. enamouring 
invitations he makes to us. ¢ 1680 BEVERIDGE Sev72. (1729) 
II. 460 They enjoy .. infinite and enamouring perfections. 
@1716 SoutH Serm. (1717) III. 392 He.. grasped at the 
most enamouring Pro} of Sin. 

ourite: see ENAMORATE sd. 

Enamourment (enz‘moimént). [f. ENamour 
V.+-MENT; cf. OF. enamourement.) The state 
of being enamoured. 

az71x Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 25 Pure 
like the Saints Enamouraments above. 1886 J. Payne tr. 
Boccaccio’s Decameron 11. 23 The countess, beginning with 
her first enamourment. : ‘ 

mation: given in some mod. Dicts. with 


1830 Edin. Rev. L. 51 
contrary to contrary. 


The .. enantiopathic .. opposes 
in Syd. Soc. Lex. 


141 
Buantiopathy (enzentijppapi). Med. [as if 


ad. Gr. *évavrionadea, f. évayriomabns of contrary 
properties, f. évayrios pee + 1d0os feeling.] 
An occasional synonym of ALLOPATHY ; the treat- 
ment of disease by contraries. 

1852 Sir W. Hamitton Discussions App. iii. C. 682 Enan- 
tiopathy, and not homeopathy, is the true medicine of 
minds. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Enantiosis (enz:ntidwsis). Ret. [mod.L., 
a. Gr. évaytiwots, f. évaytid-ecOar to oppose, f. 
évayrios contrary.] A figure of speech in which 
the opposite is meant to what is said ; irony. 

1657 J. Smitu Myst. Rhet. 118 Enantiosis, a figure when 
we speak .. by a contrary. 1721-1800 BaiLey, Enantiosis, 
contrariety ; a Rhetorical Figure. In mod. Dicts. 

Enantyr: see ENAUNTER. 

Enapt, enarbour: see En- prefix! 2. 

+Enmarch (enaitf), v. Obs. Cf. Inarcn. [f. 
En-1+ Arcu sd.; cf. OF. enarchier.] a. trans. 
To build or set in the form of an arch. b. To 
arch in or over, draw an arch over. ec. Her. In 
pass. of a chevron: To have an arch within its 
inner angle. Hence Ena‘rched //. a. 

¢1430 Lypc. Stor. Thebes (E. E. T. S.) 1253 A porche bilt 
of square stonys ful myghtely enarched. 1562 Leicu Ar- 
morie (1597) 105 b, The fielde Argent, a Cheueron enarched 
Sable. 16x1 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. (1632) 705 Enarch- 
ing the ayre with a spatious Rainebow. 1610 GuILLim 
Heraldry 1. vi. (1611) 57 Sometimes enarched sometimes 
reuersed, 1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun, Mon. 842 This enarched 
Monument. : : 

Ena‘rching v4/. sb., variant of INARCHING. 

1727 Braviey Fam. Dict. s.v. Grafting, Grafting by.. 


Enarching. 1872 H. Macmitian 77ue Vine iii, 117 Graft- 
ing by enarching. 
Enargite (enaadgait). [f. Gr. évapy-ns clear 


(from its cleavage being apparent) +-ITE.] A 
black sulph-arsenide of copper, of metallic lustre. 

1852 SHEPARD JM/in. 350 Enargite .. massive, granular or 
columnar. 

+Ena‘rm, v. Ods. [a. OF. enarme-r to arm, 
f. en- in+armer to arm; cf. ANARMED.] = ARM 2. 

1. trans. To put into arms; to fit or equip with 
armour or weapons. Also ref. 

¢1320 Cast. Love 1351 He was en-armed ful stronge. 
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vii, The nauye .. Well enarmed 
and rychely vitayled. 1500-20 Dunsar Lament Ma- 
karts vi. Anarmit vnder [Maitland MS. enarmit baith with] 
helme and scheild. c1s65 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. 
Scot. (1728) 60 We exhort your Majesty to enarm yourself. 
1584 Hupsontr. Du Bartas’ Fudith i. 371 (1613) (D.) While 
shepherds they enarme vnus’d to danger. 1830 J. MAyNE 
Stiller Gun 128 Dumfries, in mony a chosen band, Enarm’d 
appears. 

LE. ae 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 623 Thei wol.. his courage 
enarme. 1541 BEcon News out of Heaven Wks. (1843) 46 
And the better enarm himself with courageous valiance to 
fight against the crafty and subtile assaults of his enemy 
[the Devil]. 158x AnprEeson Servi. Paules Crosse 61 Our 
wicked nature. .enarmeth hautie contempt against them. 

2. transf. 

2a1400 Morte Arth. g10 The vesare, be aventaile, en- 
armede so faire. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 502 And hete 
eke wol thi hous enarme. 1496 Bs. St. Alban’s, Fishing 27 
The carpe ..is..stronge enarmyd in the mouthe,. 

3. Cookery. To lard, garnish with bacon. 

¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 29 The crane is enarmed ful 
wele.. With larde of porke. 1494 Fasyan vu. 599 Bore 
hedes in castellys of golde and enarmed. 

4. Her. To depict in various colours the arms 
(beak, hoofs, tusks, etc.) of a bird or beast. Also 
transf. (nonce-use), to describe as if heraldically 
the ‘arms’ of (a hawk). 

14.. Praise of Vere 74 in Todd Just. Gower § Chauc. 
306 [His auncestry] Beryth hym [the boar] azure enarmyd 
with gold. 1486 Bk. St. Albans Avijb, To begynne at 
hir fete and goo vpwarde as knyghttis been harnesside and 
armeed, & so we shall enarme her [the hawk]. 1818 in Topp. 

Hence Ena‘rmed ///. a., furnished with armour, 
equipped for battle. 

c 1400 Destr. Troy xxx. 12262 In company with knightes 
enarmit. 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 222 With 
the hole bantis of French men enarmed. 1582-8 Hist. Yas. 
VI Choe 93 Requyring support of enarmit men for defence 
of the King’s caus. 

» var. of INARM, to embrace. 

Enarme (enam). [a. OF. exarme buckler- 
strap.] The strap by which a shield or buckler 
was held on the arm, 

+ H. Ditton ed. Fairholt’s Costume Gloss. s.v. 

+Ena'rme(e. Oés. [f. OF. exarmer to arm 
(see ENARM v.) ; Godef. cites masse enarmee armed 
body.] = Army. 

¢1430 LypGate Bochas (1558) I. viii. 112 She bad Barach 
.. that he shoulde a great enarme take. But he for drede 
thys iourney gan forsake. /éid. III, x. 36 Thenarme of 
Xerxses to sustene, This woman faught lyke a fell woluesse. 
Ibid. 111. xxi. 3 With him he had a full great enarmee, 
Chose out of Cartage in stele armed bryght. 

+ Ena‘rmoure. Sc. Ods. rare—'. [f. ENARM v., 
after armour.] Armour; a suit of armour. 

1513 Doucias 4xeis vu. ix. 57 Of als mony enarmouris 
spuljeit clene. 

+ Enarrable, a. Obs. rave. Also 5 enarra- 
bulle. [ad. L. 2uarrdbilis, f. narrare: see next.] 
That may be related or told. 


ENAUNTER. 


1623 Cockeram uy, Which may bee Declared, Narradle, 
Enarrable. ‘ ; 

“| Used by mistake for zxnarrable [ad. L. énnar- 
rabilis], that cannot be described. 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 47 This gold smyth. .wyth 
an enarrabulle gestur..joyde to my leder. 1491 Caxton 
Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xliv. 76a/2 This day haue I 
seen thynges enarrable. 

+ Enarrate, v. Ods. [f. L. earrat- ppl. stem 
of éndrra-re, f. & out +narrare to relate.) trans. 
To tell out clearly. 

1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 41 The causes .. it 
would be useless here to enarrate, 

+ Enarration. 02s. Also 6 ennaration. 
[ad. L. éndrration-em, n. of action f. &narrd-re: 
see prec.] 

1. An exposition, a commentary. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § MM. (1596) 48/2 Heraclitus... first began 
to write..ennarations upon the new testament. 1570 Buit- 
LINGSLEY Euclid 1. xxvi. 37 As witnesseth Eudemus in his 
booke of Geometricall enarrations. 1609 Biste (Douay) Ps. 
cl. comm., S, Augustin in the conclusion of his Enarrations 
or Sermons upon the Psalmes, explicateth a mysterie. 1647 
Torsuet A Designe 8 The Ancients framed their Com- 
mentaries, Enarrations, Scholies, etc. 

2. A description, detailed story or narrative. 

1592 tr. Funius on Rev. xvii. 7 There is [in the Apoca- 
lypse]..an enarration of the beast. 1666 J. Smitn Old Age 
(1676) 68 An Anatomical Enarration of the .. compounding 
parts of these limbs. 1678 CupwortH Jnfed/. Syst. 1. v. 802 
In that enarration which is written, concerning the Rich 
man and Lazarus. 1717 Davip Witxins in Monk Life of 
Bentley (1833) II. 21 The whole discourse contained .. 
nothing but an enarration of his performances. 1826 G. 
S. Faser Difficulties of Romanism (1853) 301 Augustine’s 
Enarrations on the Psalms. 

+ Ena‘rrative. Os. rare. [f. L. énarriat- ppl. 
stem of édrrdre: see ENARRATE and -IVE; cf. 
narrative.| a. A story, tale. b. An argument, 
reasoning. 

1560 Rotitann Crt. Venus 1. 256 Me to perswade with 
wrang enarratiue Lufe to abstene. /6zd. 757 Thay all hard 
Venus enarratiue. 

+ Enarra‘tor. Ods. [a. L. édrrator, agent-n. 
f. éndrra-re: see ENARRATE.] He who pro- 
claims or tells forth clearly. 

1610 Guituim Heraldry i. xxiv. (1660) 241 Not... only a 
Spectator, but also a..Zealous Enarrator of his Wisdome. 

Enarthrodial (enaipréwdial), a. Anat. [f. 
mod.L. exarthrodia (f. Gr. & in+dpOpwdia AR- 
THRODIA) = ENARTHROSIS+-AL.] Of the nature 
of, or belonging to, the ball-and-socket joint. 

1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Axat. 11. 884/1 A true enarthrodial or 
cotyloid articulation is developed. 1845 Topp & Bowman 
Phys. Anat. I, 71 An enarthrodial or ball-and-socket joint. 

Enarthrosis (enaiprawsis). Anat. [a. Gr. 
évapOpwors jointing in, f. évap@pos jointed. Cf. 
arthrosts.| The jointing of the ball-like head of 
a bone into a socket ; the ball-and-socket joint. 

1634 I’. Jounson tr. Parey's Chirurg. vi. xiii, (1678) 166 
Enarthrosis, when the head of a bone is wholly received in 
the cavity of another. 1741 Monro Axat. (ed. 3) 249 The 
superior round Head of this Bone of the Arm is articulated 
by Enarthrosis, with the Glenoid Cavity of the Scapula. 
1816 Kirspy & Sp. Entomol. (1828) II]. xxxiv. 412 M. La- 
treille calls the articulation ofthe head in this genus Apo- 
derus Enarthrosis. 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life 33 The.. 
needs of these limbless animals [Ophidia] are met by the 
‘ball and socket’ articulation or enarthrosis of the pro- 
coelian bodies of their vertebrae. 

Enascent (inz'sént), a. vare. [ad. L. énas- 
cent-em, pr. pple. of édscz, f. & out + sasczi to be 
born.] That is just coming into being. Also /ig. 

1745 Warburton Occas. Ref?. u. Wks. (1811) 385 An enas- 
cent equivocation. 1791 E. Darwin Bot, Gard. 1, 61 The 
new annals of enascent time. did. 1. iv. 489 Enascent 
leaves expand. 

+Enatant, ¢. Obs. rare—!.  [ad. L. enatant- 
em, pr. pple. of énatda-re to float up, f. é- out + 
native to swim.] Floating up, coming to the 
surface. 

1657 Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 552 Then should .. the 
enatant bran [be] received into a sieve. m : 

+ Enata‘tion. Ods. rave—°. [ad. L. énata- 
tion-em, n. of action f. évatére to swim out.] A 
swimming out, an escape by swimming. 

1731-1800 in Baiey. 1775 in As; and in mod. Dicts. 

Enate (f:neit), a. Phys. [ad. L. éndt-us, pa. 
pple. of 2dscz, f. é- out + zascz to be born.] That 
has grown out: said of the apophysis of a bone. 

1666 J. SmirH Old Age (1676) 176 The Enate parts .. or 
the Apophyses of the bones. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex, 

Enation (énéi-fon). Bot. [ad. L. enation-em 
outgrowth, f. édsct: see prec.] (See quot.) 

1842 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 3 (1880) 179 Outgrowths, 
mostly from the anterior or sometimes posterior face of 
organs=Enation. : 

+ Enawnter, cov. Obs. rare. Also 4 enantyr. 
[A variant of az, in, on aunter, Fr. en aventure: 
see ADVENTURE sd. 1 c.] In case that; lest by 


chance. 

c1307 Coerde Lion 484 Enantyr hym tyddeswylk achaunce. 
one ursenes Sheph. Cal. Feb. 200 Anger nould let him 
speake to the tree, Enaunter his rage mought cooled bee. 
1589 Mar Martine 5 For men of litrature t’endite so fast, 
them doth not sitte, Enaunter in them, as in thee, thair 
pen outrun thair witt. 


ENAVIGATE. 


+ Ena te, v. Obs.—° [ad. L. endvigat- 
ppl. stem of éndvigd-re to sail over, f. 2 out+ 
navigare to sail.] trans. To sail out or over. 

1623 in CockeraM. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Hence Enaviga‘tion. 

1731-6 in Bary. 1 


Enb-, obs. spelling of Emp-. . 

+Enbai'ssing, v4/. sb. Os. In 4 enbais- 
synge, enbasshinge. [corrupt var. of abaissing, 
ABASHING.] Abashment, dismay. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth. tv. i. 10g A grete seria and an 
enbaissynge [v.7. enbasshinge] wip ende [ 1 
“En ba 

+Enba‘ned, /f. Ovs. [Etymology and 
meaning obscure: Matzner compares Pr. emda- 
namen a kind of defensive work, f. e- (see EN-) 
+éanahorn.] ? —— oo = 

ex E, E. Allit. P. B. 1458 Cow co ..as casteles 
Pree baned vnder b Tmene 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 
790 Enbaned vnder pe abataylment. ; 

+ Enbavsted, A/c. Obs. rare—*. Of uncertain 
formation and meaning; the Parker Soc. editor 
explains ‘ dasted’ or steeped. 

at Puitror tr. Curio’s Def. in Wks. (1842) 375 The 
Holy Ghost, which may not..permit the same [Scriptures] 
notwithstanding to be oppressed with superstition, and to 
be enbasted [L. 5x7] with vain opinions, 

+ Enberne, v. Cookery. Obs. Also enbane. 
[? var. of EMBAIN to bathe, steep.] vans. ?To 
baste ; to steep. 

c 1420 Lib, Cure Coc. 26 Enbene hit [a capon on the spit] 
wele withe by ry3t honde. /é/d. 27 With 30lkes of eyren 
enbene hit be ox tonge] ay whille pat hit rostes. c¢ 1450 
Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier) 107 Take whit bred and lay it 
in a disshe, and enbane it with wine. /did. 118 Enbane it 
with yolks of eggs. 

Enbewte: see EmMBEAUTY. 

Enbibe, enbibing, obs. ff. Imprpg, -1NnG. 

+ Enblow:, v. Ods. rare. In 4 fa. pple. en- 
blowid, enblawen. [var. of INBLow v.] 

a. To inflate, puff up. b. To inspire. 

1382 Wycuir Pref. Ep. Ferome ix, But perauenture Tul- 
lyus is to be wenyd enblowid with the spirit of retorik. 
¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 30 Bischopis, enblawen wip enuy of be 
fendis temptacoun. 

+ Enborrd, v. Her. Ods. 
bord.] = BorDURE v. 

Hence Enborrding vé/. sb. = BoRDURE sd. 

1486 Bk, St. Albans, Her. Bjb, A differens calde en- 
bordyng. 1586 Ferne Blaz, Gentrie 154 The thirde brother 
had his coate Enborded. /éid. 155 The fifth brother had his 
enbordinge checquie of two tracts. 

Enbrade, -braid(e, var. ff. Empraip. Ods. 

[(Enbreame, a misprint for extreame, EXTREME ; 
in some Dicts with definition ‘sharp, powerful’. 

1577 Nortusrooke Dicing (1843) 4 To .. indure the oper- 
ation of enbreame purges.] 

+Enbreston. és. rare—'. 

c 1450 Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier) 87 Sethe it till it be on 
enbreston. 

Enbusche, -busshe, obs. ff. of AMBUSH. 

|| Encadré. Crystallog. [a. F. encadré, pa. 
pple. of encadrer to frame, f. en- in+cadre a 
Gracin (See quot.) 

1817 AmESON Char. Min. 212 A crystal is named 
encadré, when it has facets which form kinds of squares 
around the planes of a more simple form already existing in 
the same species. 

Encenia (ens7‘nia). Also 4 encenia, en- 
cennia, 5 encenye. [a. L. encenia, a. Gr. (7a) 
éyxaina dedication festival, f. év in + xavdés new.] 

+1. A renewal ; a dedicatory festival. 

138. Wycuir Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 105 Encennia is as myche 
as newinge in our speche. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 
IV. oy halowynge [of the temple] is i-clepede Encenia. 

2. The anniversary festival of the dedication of 
a temple or church: esp. (among the Jews) of 
the Temple at Jerusalem. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xxxiv. (1495) 370 En- 
cennia is the dedicacion and halowynge of a newe temple. 
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 285/1 The fest of Encenye .. was 
the dedycacion of the Temple. 1673 Cave Prim. Chr. 1. 
vi. 124 The Encenia of the ancient Church are annual 


(?f. Fr. phrase ex 


festivals in y of the dedication of their ‘icular 
Churches. ie Baiey, Zncenia, among Christians 
signifies the Consecration or Wake-days of Churches. 


. The annual Commemoration of founders and 
benefactors at Oxford University, held in June. 
1691 Woop Ath. Oxon. Il. 474 Jeremias Wells. .spoke in 
verse in the first Encaenia at the dedication of Sheldons 
Theater. 1870 W, Cottins Man & Wife(1871) 466 App., The 
Vice-Chancellor announced that if the ss were in- 
terrupted any more the Enceenia would be abrapey closed. 
Encage, incage (en-, inkéidz), v. (te 
In- + CaGE sb.; cf. Fr. encager.] trans. To con- 
fine in, or as in,a cage. Hence Enea‘ged, f//. a. 
1593 Suaks. 3 Hen. V/, wW. vi. 12 Such a pleasure as 
incaged Birds Conceiue, When, etc. a Sonn, 
Ixxiii, es zon 3 A ag b me ight .. rg: 
@ 1631 NNE S jazet ¢) "d, the 
‘ems (1 iad 152 total 


shepheards scoffe, P. Fretcner Px u. xiii 
A cave the winds pe tia ANcH. AZ 


Mondo (1636) 191 Like as a Bird that hath beene long 
encaged. 1791 Bentuam Panoft. 37 Noise, the only offence 
by which a man thus encaged could render hi trouble- 


142 
some. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. Ixxxi, The soul. . 
) ely LL the ei te there] to eat 
i 7 r us 
Mg i Pp ak of strife. ‘THACKERAY 
gicemcgmees 1, x34: Fhe tore. Mette: queers encaged in 
er 


1620 SHELTON 1v. xxi. 540 Your incagement, and as 
you — 9 tment, in that ye 
: modernized s of INCALEN- 
DAR v., Obs. 


+ Enearlf, a. Ods. rave". [f. phrase in calf: 
see En- pref1.] Ofa cow: That is in calf. 

1556 Ric . Wills (1853) 90 To everye of the sonnes 
of Evan Haddocke my sonne in lawe one encalf qwye. 


: see En- pref.' 2. 
Encamp (enkemp), v. Also 6-8 incamp. 
[f. Ex-1+ Camp 56.2] 


1. ¢vans. In military sense: To form into a 
camp; to settle or lodge in a camp. 

1568 Grarton Chron. II. 618 He encamped his armye 
very stronglye, both with trenches and artillery. 1588 
Suaks. Jit. A. v. ii. 126 Bid him encampe his ‘Souldiers 
where they are. 1640 E. Dacres tr. Machiavelli's Prince 
etc, 83 It is almost impossible that an army can lye incampt 
before a towne for the space of a whole yeere. 1727 Pore, 
etc. Art Sinking 110 The almighty encamping his regi- 
ments. 1748 Anson Voy. 1. xiii. (ed. 4) 369 ‘There were 
large parties of them incamped in the woods. 1863 Geo. 
Extor Romola (1880) I. u, xxvi. 325 The terrible soldiery 
were encamped in the Prato. 

th. refl. Obs. 

1549 Cuexe Hurt Sedit. (1641) 15 Yee have .. encamped 

our selfe in field. 1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. u. iii. 27 

‘wo such opposed Kings encampe them still. 

ce. intr. for refi. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 111 The French men went 
to incampe in the wood of Incoronato. 1596 SHaks. 1 Hen. 
IV, w. iv. 82 What, is the King encamp’d? 1603 KNotLes 
Hist. Turks (1638) 171 The yong Emperor .. incamped in 
the same place where he before lay. 1759 Rosertson Hist. 
Scot. I. vit. 500 The nobles encamped at St. Ninian’s. 1858 
Knicut Pop. Hist. Eng. IV. 394 The Earl of Feversham. . 
encamped on this morass [Sedgmoor]. : 

2. transf. (intr. and pass.) To lodge in the open 
in tents or other portable or improvised habitations. 

1725 De For Voy. round fished sg 261 We followed 
up the stream .. encamping each night. 1794 SULLIVAN 

iew Nat. II. 191 De la Condamine. .was ped months 
on the volcanos of Peru. 1815 Moore Ladla R, (1824) 170 
The place where they encamped .. was the first delightfal 
spot they had come to. 1855 Emerson Misc., Tantalus 
Wks. (Bohn) III. 321 We are encamped in nature, not 
domesticated. 

+Enca‘mper. Ods. rare. [f. ENcAMP v.+ 
-ER.] One who encamps (soldiers) ; a tactician. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres v. iii. 152 The best Italian 
and Spanish encampers, 

Encamping (enkzmpin), vd/. sb. Also in- 
camping. [f. Encamp v. + -1nG!.] 

1. The action of the vb. Encamp; an encamp- 
ment. Also attri. 

1590 Sir J. Smytu Disc. conc. Weapons 48 Many encamp- 
ings of armies .. dislodgings, marchings. Epmonps 
Observ. C#sar’'s Comm. 85 The Romaines reckened their 
iourneys with their army by their incampings. 1622 Bacon 
Hen. VIT, 99 (R.) The French knew well enough how to 
make warre with the English by strong encampings. 1706 
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 214 A.. el or 
place of Encamping. 1859 Lane Wand. India 310 Our 
incamping ground. : 

+2. Transl. of Gr. ora@uds: The distance be- 
tween one encampment and another. Oés. rare. 

1623 BincHam acy sy 7 The Riuer Euphrates .. was 
about 12 encampings from thence. 1655-60 STantey //ist. 
Philos. (1701) 116/2 The distance of the place .. 
hundred twenty two Encampings. 

Encampment (enkempmént). Also 8 in- 
campment, [f. ENCAMP v. + -MENT.] 

1. The action of encamping ; the state of being 


encamped. 

1686 Luttrety Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 
of his majesties forces on Hounslow Heath. 1709 STeeLe 
Tatler No. 60 r?. The whole Art of Encampment. 1 
Phil. Trans. XLVI. iii. 5 During our incampment in 
Dutch Brab 1774 Got TH Grecian Hist. I. 222 
They were once more oy ol to forsake culture for en- 
campment. 1776 GiBpon 2. & F. 1. (R.), A square 
of about seven hun yards was sufficient for the en- 
campment of twenty thousand Romans. 1836 W. Irvine 
Astoria Il. 245 Two or three days after the encampment 
in the valley. 

2. The place where a body of troops is lod 


in tents or other temporary means of shelter, with 


being one 


81 The encampment 


or without intrenchments; = Camp sé.2 1, Also 
attrib. and fig. 
1598 Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 150 St encampe- 


ments, if commodities be cut off, not much available. 1713 
Pore in Guardian No, 173 ?8 A green t 


ENCASE. _ 
Yonathan U1, 418 Si, $ of 9 small ladies secamoment. 
1864 LoweLL peside T: 


Trav. 127 A lobster.. So that 
- See Fee ee ee eae 
. I Det 
crates tee Thee) “aOR a ae 
rs A Masonic . Obs. 
1787 in Burns’ Wks, (1856) 11. 83 note, At a general en- 
campment held this ae ing brethren 
Royal Arch Masta, teen ee etc. 1878 1 waste 
ForD Kenning’s Masonic en ences , the name 
emery given to of Masonic Knights 
‘emplar. 


the inner corner of the eye, f. év in+av6és the 
— papa ay *A small red excrescence in 

e inner canthus of the eye, ing from the 
caruncula lacrymalis and albenedt fold of the 
conjunctiva’ (Syd, Soc. Lex.). 

1586 Watrter Battey Preserv. Eye-sight (1633) 16 Encan- 
this is an excrescence of the same which is in the 
cote Cae Phys. Dict., Enchanthis. 1685 CooKE 

‘arrow Chirurg. (ed. 4) wv. § 2 i. 193 Encanthe is an in- 
crease of the ee 1708 


in Kersey, 1721-1800 in Baiey. urgery 
(ed. 2) 1. 312 Encanthis is a tumour Binns in the corner 
of the eye. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 


Encap : see En- fref.1 2 b. 

Encapsulate, encapsulation, var. forms of 
INCAPSULATE, -ATION. 

Enca; (enkzepsiel), v. Phys. [f. Ex-1+ 
CapsuLE.] ¢rans. To enclose in a capsule; cf. 
CAPSULE 2. Hence Enca‘psuled oy. a. 

1877 F. Roserts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) <j It may be- 
come encapsuled by some dense tissue. 1885 W. K. Parker 


Mam. Descent (Hunt. Lect.) ii. 52 mote, The bones and car- 
tilages that encapsule it. 
captivate: see IncAprivaTE, Oés. 

+ Encaptive (enkz‘ptiv) Obs. Also 6-7 in- 
captive. [f. Ey-1+Caprive a.] To make into 
a captive; to captivate, enthral. 

1592 Nasne P. Penilesse Bij b, These two Earth wormes 
on (gold oo aye Sti ies Te aaeaee 
su unce | go. I _ en STM, o..enca} e 
him to her ao" DanieL - had Piilotas. i, 
More Than my incaptiv’d Fortune doth allow. 

+ Enca‘rdion. Zot. Obs.—° [a. Gr. éyxdpd:ov 
the heart or core of wood.] ‘Old name for the 
pith of vegetables’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

+ alfa in CuambBers Cyc. ; and in mod. Dicts. 

carn, var. of IncaRN, Ods. 


En , var. of INCARNADINE. 

Encarnalize (enka-inalaiz) v. Also 9 incar- 
nalize, [f. En-+Carnatize.] trans. To clothe 
in flesh and blood ; fig. to make (an idea) palpable, 


to embody. Also to make carnal, fleshly, gross, 
or sens Hence Enca‘rnalized, ff/. a. 

1847 Tennyson Princ. m1. Those monstrous males .. 
Encarnalize their spirits. H. Corermwce Poems 1. 
157 So incarnalise strong idea. 1860 Ex.icorr Life 

ur Lord ii. 42 The of the East may have fabled of 
his encarnalized divinities. 1876 Farrar Marib. Serm. 


225 The poor, vain. .intellect. .is encarnalised and depraved. 
‘Encarnate, obs. form of INCARNATE. 
|| Encarpa, sé. p/. Arch. Obs. rare—'. '. 

encarpa, a. Gr. paca neut. pl. of éykapmos ; 

cf. Encarpus.] Festoons of fruit (as an archi- 
td ornament), <P pS 

Sylva Berry adorning 
fasmecheuniadiaes = S779) 7, festoons and Encarpa. 

1709 in Kersey. 1721-1800 in BatLey. 1775 in Asu. 
+Enca‘rpous, a. Phys. Obs.—° [f.Gr. éyxapr-os 


(see next)+ous.] ‘ t’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
Encarpus Ceatnte aak ad. Gr. &- 
xapmos containing fruit, taken as = €yxapma; see 
Encarpa.] ‘The festoons on a frieze; 
of fruit, flowers, leaves, etc.’ (Gwilt). 
e: see En- pref.! 3. Xi [ft Ew-1 
incase (en-, els 1 U. , rot ] 
In- +Case 5b.2 Cf. A ol 
t into or enclose within a case or 


Sig. 

1727 De For Hist. Koper, v. (1840) 45 Souls which have 
been encased 1792 A. Younc Trav. France 243 
Are not individuals to. .incase the dead in whatever 
manner they please? 1823 Scorr Peveril xlviii, The crea- 
ture was incased [in a violoncello] mounted on a man’s 
shoulders! 1856 Kane Arct. £. I. xix. 240 The body 
was encased in a decent pit , fe ay lt 
(ed. 2) III, 67x A little is encased in a body. 


P, Frercuer P: Isl. vy. xxxiv, The wall 
hat Found encasing tthe moat of glasse is from that 


meets the eye, And loaded citrons bearing shieldsand sp 

1732 Lepiarp Sethos I1. vist. 169 An incampment which was 
forming in haste. 1838 Lyrron Zei/a 1. i, The immense 
and murmuring P of the Spanish foe. 

b. transf, The temporary quarters, formed by 
tents, vehicles, etc., occupied by a body of nomads 
or men on the march, travellers, etc. ; = CAMP 
56.2 4. Also fig. 

1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 64 The creek .. 
where they had formed their p 1825 ro. 


trie Cuvier’s Anim, Kingd. 170 The sternum .. is 
bya moveable articulation into two lids, which. . 
shell. 1862 STANLEY C 


= ae ee in its 
1 1 sanctuary was... 
bp. to clothe, cover, invest. Chiefly humorous. 


Pore Odyss. 1. In radiant his limbs in- 
cara aa Saaek? AY Rats saat ig wer 
encased in silk stockings. ‘our Phases i. 13 
Well encased in warm jackets and felt shoes. 


ENCASEMENT. 


Encasement (enkésmént). Also incase- 
ment. [f. ENcasE v.+-mrENT.] That which en- 
cases ; receptacle, covering, sheath. 

1741 Monro Anatomy (ed. 3) 152, I have .. described the 
incasement of the teeth. 1849 Wraser’s Mag. XX XIX. 664 
Gorgons and dragons .. look grim from out of their stony 
encasement. 1 Kane Arct. Expl. I. vi. 56 His .. horn, 
from the tip to its bony encasement, four feet. 1863 Sata 
Capt. Dang. III. v. 176 bi eg after wedge [was] driven 
in between his Legs. .and the Iron Incasement. 

b. Biol. = Empoirement. (See quot.) 

1879 tr. Haeckel’s Evol. Man. |. ii. 36 Encasement .. the 
false idea that the germs of innumerable generations pre- 
viously formed and encased one in another, existed in every 


organism. 

Encash (enkeef), v. [f. En-1+Casu sd.1: cf. 
Fr. encatsser.] 

1. trans. To convert (drafts, bills, notes, etc.) 
into cash; to CASH. 

1861 GoscuEen For. Exch. 103 The seller of such a bill .. 
would send his bill to be encashed. 1880 Daily News 17 
Dec. v4 Messrs. Morton, Rose and Co. are prepared to 
En the Coupon, falling due rst January next. 

2. To receive or obtain in the form of cash pay- 
ments ; to realize. 

1861 GoscuEen For. Exch. 77 The silver thus encashed is 
to be actually shipped to England. 1879 R. H. Lane in 
Macm. Mag. Sept., The communication of the revenue en- 
cashed. 1888 Pall MallG. 5 Apr. 12/1 A sum which it will 
take many nights to encash. 

Encashment (enkez{mént). [f. prec. vb. + 
-MENT.] The action of encashing; concr. the 
amount of cash receipts. 

1861 GoscHEN For. Exch. 26 Encashment of dividends or 
other sources of revenue. 1882 Standard 23 Aug. 5/4 The 
Moniteur..publishes the encashment to the 31st of July. 

Encastellate, var. of INCASTELLATE, Oés., to 
make into a fortress. 

(Enearstic. Ofs.—° ?Misprint for Encaustic. 

1623 CocxeraM, Excasticke, one that can enamell.] 

+Encauma. 0és.—° [a. Gr. éy«avya result 
of burning in.] 

1. ‘ The scoria of silver’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

2. A deep, foul ulceration of the cornea, fol- 
lowed by destruction of the eye. 

1708 in Kersey, 1847 in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

3. Formerly used for the mark left by a burn, or 
the vesicle produced by it’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1708 in Kersey. 1775in AsH. 1847 in Craic. 

+ Encau'‘se, v. Ols. Also 6 incawse. [f. 
En-1+CausE v.] trans. To cause. 

14.. Caxton Chron, 226 The which disguysynges .. en- 
caused many myshappes. 1527 ANDREW tr. Brunswykes 
Distyllacions F, iv, re or foure droppes of the same 
water put in defe eares. .incawseth heryng againe. 

| Encaustes (enkg'stiz). [a. Gr. éyeavorhs 
in same sense, f. éyxaiew to paint in encaustic.] 
A painter in encaustic. 

1775 in Aso. 1850 Leitcu Miller's Anc. Art § 310. 354 
Nicias the great encaustes. _ 

Encaustic (enkg'stik), a. and sd. Also 7-8 
in Gr. or L, form encaustice, 8 encaustica. [ad. 
Gr, éyxavorikés, f. éyxatev to burn in.] 

A. adj. 
1. Pertaining to, or produced by, the process of 
‘burning in’: a. with reference to the ancient 
method of painting with wax colours, and fixing 
them by means of fire; also to modern processes 
of similar nature. 

1756 Phil. Trans. XLIX. 654 The new encaustic painting, 
or painting in burnt wax. 1 x H. WaLpote Vertue’s 
Anecd. Paint. (1786) V. 2 The revival of encaustic painting. 
1841 W. SpaLvine /faly § Jt. [s7. 1. 193 The processes of the 
ancient art, now lost .. icularly the Encaustic method. 
1867 A. Barry Sir C. Barry vi. 184 The great fresco and 
encaustic pictures. H 

b. in wider sense, with reference to any process 
by which pigments are ‘ burnt in’, e.g. enamelling, 
painting on pottery, ete. Lmncaustic brick, tile: 
one decorated with patterns formed with different 
coloured clays, inlaid in the brick or tile, and 
burnt with it. 

1656 Biount Glossogr., Encaustick (encausticus), enameled, 
wrought with fire, varnished. 178x Hayiey 772. Temper vi. 
174 The..artist, whose nice toils aspire To fame eternal by 
encaustic fire. 1860 Smites Sedf Help ii. oy lag manufac- 
ture of encaustic tiles. 1879 Sir G. Scorr Lect. Archit. I. 
" The splendid encaustic floor is still perfect. 

. transf. and fig. 

1822 De a Confess; Wks. V. 232 Those encaustic 
records which in the mighty furnaces of London life had 
been burned into the undyingmemory. 1872 H. MacmiLLan 
7s seed vi. 260 The encaustic lichen on the rock. 

. 50, 

1. [ad. Gr. éyxavaruct) téxvn.] The art or pro- 
cess of encaustic painting. Chiefly applied to the 
ancient method of painting so called, or its mod. 
imitations (see A. 1a); occasionally to enamel- 
ling, painting on pottery, etc. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny II. 546 The art of painting with fire 
(called Encaustice). sd RSEY, Encaustice or Encaus- 
wee of Enamelling..withfire. 1838 B’ness BuNseN 
in Hare Life(1879) I. xi. 48x The method of painting in en- 
caustic, practised by the ancients. 1844 Disrartt Coningsby 
m1. iv, 106 The walls. .entirely painted in encaustic by the 
first artists of Germany. 1848 Wornum Lect, Paint. by 


143 


R. A’s 221 note, Encaustic .. practised by the later Greeks 

. appears to have been nothing more than burning-in with 

a heater (cauterium) the ordinary wax colours. aia 
+2. A pigment or glaze applied by ‘ burning in’. 

1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. iv. Misc. Writ. (1805) 277 A cer- 
tain encaustic or blackenamel. _ ae 

Encaustically (enk9'stikali), adv. [f. Ev- 
CAUSTIC +-AL+-LY2.] In encaustic. 

_ 1857 De Quincey in Page Lie (1877) II. xviii. 139 Burnt 
in, encaustically painted. 

+ Encave, v. Obs. rare—1. [a. OF. encave-r f. 
en in + cave cellar.] To put into a cellar; to hide. 

1604 Suaks. Ofh. 1v. i, 82 Do but encaue your selfe. 

-ence, suffix. [a. Fr. -ence, ad. L. -entéa, form- 
ing abstr. sbs., usually of quality, rarely of action, 
on ppl. stems in -ent-, e.g. sapient-em knowing, 
Sapient-ia knowingness, sapience; audient-em 
hearing, avdéent-ta the process of hearing, audi- 
ence. As the ppl. stem had -ent-, -ant-, the deri- 
vative sbs. had -entia (priidentia), -antia (in- 
Jantia); but all these were levelled in OFr. to 
-ance, in words that survived in popular use, or 
were formed analogically on the pr. pple. in 
-ant ; as aidance, assistance, complaisance, conten- 
ance, nuisance, parlance, stance. These were sbs. 
of action or process, the value with which the 
suffix was retained in Fr. as a living formative. 
But subsequently other L. words in -z¢éa, which 
had not survived in the living language, were re- 
adopted on the analogy of these, but with -ezce 
or -ance according to the L. vowel, e.g. absence, 
clémence, diligence, élégance, présence, providence, 
prudence, tempérance, violence. These weve sbs. 
of quality or state; all Fr. words in -ence are of 
this class. Both classes were adopted in ME. in 
their actual Fr. forms and senses, which they 
generally still retain ; but since 1500, some of those 
in -ance have been altered back to -ence after L. 
All words since adopted from or formed on L., 
follow L. precedent as to -exce or -ance. The 
result is that the modern spelling of individual 
words, and still more of groups of cogn. words, is 
uncertain and discordant; cf. assistace, consist- 
ence, existence, resistazce, subsistence; attend- 
ance, superintendence; ascendant, -ent, -ancy, 
-ency, condescendence; dependant, -ent, -ance, 
-ence, independence ; appearance, apparent ; pertin- 
ence, appurtenazce. In sense, words in -xce are 
partly nouns of action, as in OFr., partly of state 
or quality, as in L. The latter idea is more dis- 
tinctly expressed by the variant -zcy (see -Y = -ze 
:—-za) which has been formed in Eng. as a direct 
adaptation of L. -z¢¢a; see -ENCY, -ANCY.] 

|| Enceinte (afscent), sd. [Fr.; f. on late L. 
type *zuczncta, f. ppl. stem of zxcingére to gird, 
surround closely.] An enclosure; chiefly in Fort7- 

fication (see quots.). 

1708 Kersey, Exceinte, Compass, Inclosure. 1753 CHAM- 
BERS Cycl. Supp., Enceinte, in fortification, the wall, or 
rampart, which surrounds a place, sometimes composed. of 
bastions and curtains, either faced or lined with brick, or 
stone, or only made of earth. 1866 KincsLey Herevw. I. i, 
It did not seemingly form part of the enceinte of the 
mediaeval castle of the Wake. 1879 Cassel/s Techn. Educ. 
IV. 136/2 The ‘enceinte’ or ‘ body of the place’ is the main 
enclosure of the fortress. 

|| Enceinte (aisznt), z. Forms: 6 [insented] 
6-8 enseint, 7 einsent, inseint, 8— enceinte. 
[Fr. ; = Pr. excinta, Sp. (written as two words) e7 
cinta, It. incinta:—late L. in-cincta, explained by 
Isidore (6th c.) as ‘ungirt’, f. zz- negative prefix 
+cincta, pa. pe of céngére to gird. 

Others explain the word as the pa. pple. of incingére to 
ed a girdle on, gird (the It. and Pr. forms of this verb 

eing used for ‘to render pregnant’), or as phrase (late L. 
*in cincté = in cinctii) in a girdle. See Diez and Scheler.] 

Of women: Pregnant. + Privement enseint 
(legal AF.): see quot. 1613. 

[1599 Will of G. Taylard (Somerset Ho.), Yf my wife be 
Pp ment insented wt amanchilde.] 1602 in J. P. Rylands 
Chesh. § Lanc. Fun, Certif, (Record Soc. gr! Agnes 
was priviement enseint wth a sonne. 1613 Sir H. Fincu 
Law (1636) 117 His wife priuement inseint (that is, so with 
childe as it is not discerned). 1723 SHerr1etp (Dk. Buckhm.,) 
Wks. (1753) Il. 114 During a possibility of being left en- 
ceinte, 1766 Biackstone Comm. 11. xi. 61 Leaying his 
wife enseint or big with child. 1860 Tanner Pregnancy i. 
26 Those Parisian ladies who were fortunately enceinte. 

Enceinteship (aiszatfip). zonce-wd. [f. EN- 
CEINTE @.+-SHIP.] The state of being ENcEINTE. 

1841 Fraser's Mag. XXV. 14 Another anecdote of her in 
her enceinteship, if such a word may be allowed. 

Enceladite (enselidsit). Ain. [f. L. En- 
celad-us, the name of one of the giants +-ITE.] 
‘A borotitanate of — and iron, with 15 to 
20 p. c. of boric acid’ (Dana) ; = WaRwIcKITE. 

1846 Hunt in Amer. Frni. Sc. Ser. 1, 11, 30, 1... would 
propose for it the name En ite. 

Encell: see En- pref) 1. 

Encendiary, obs. form of IncENDIARY. 

Encennia: see Encznia. 


ENCEUR. 


Encens(e, obs. forms of INcENSE. 

Encense, variant of ENSENSE v. Ods. 

+Ence‘nser. Ods. Also 4 enscenser, 5 en- 
censor. [a, OF. encensier:—late L. type *zncen- 
sdrium, f. incens-um INceNsE. Hence aphetically 
CENSER.] A censer. 

1382 Wycuir Zr. xxxvii. 16 And enscensers of most clene 
gold. 1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xin. xiii, Eneas .. gaf to 
the Kynge of his jewels. .a moche ryche encensor. 

+Ence'nt, v. Ots.—° [? Back-formation from 
Incentive.] ?¢vans. ?To excite. Only in En- 
ce‘nting vd/. sb. (rare). 

cx1400 Lay Folks’ Mass-bk. App. iii. 125 Deuoute sterynge 
porou3 goostely encentynge of herte. 

Encent(i, var. ENSENT, ods., to consent. 

Encentive, obs. var. of INCENTIVE.. 

Encentre: see En- fref.1 1. 

|| Encephala (ense'fala), sd. p/. Zool. [mod.L., 
f, Gr. & in+«epady head.] A division of Mol- 
lusca, including those which have a distinct head. 

1854 Woopwarp Mollusca (1856) 24 In the Encephala, the 
tongue is armed with spines. 

\| Ence-phali, sb. pl. Obs.—° [mod.L., f. as 
prec.] Worms generated in the head. 

1736 in Battey. 1775 in Asn. 

Encephalic (ensfelik), a. [f. Gr. éyxépaad-os 
the brain+-10.] Pertaining to the brain or En 
CEPHALON. 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat, 447 Every encephalic nerve 
is enveloped by an external membrane. “1863 Grote Plato 
II, xxiii. 159 The .. (encephalic) soul, located in the head. 
1870 Daily News 1 Nov., Typhoid fever of the encephalic 


type. 

Encephalitic (ensefalitik), @. Path.  [f. 
next ; see -Ic.]_ Pertaining to encephalitis. 

1866 A. Frint Princ. Med. (1880) 717 This encephalitic 
softening is generally red in color. 

Encephalitis (ensefalaitis). Path. [f. Gr. 
éyxépad-os the brain + -ITIs.] Inflammation of the 
brain and its membranes. Now chiefly in sense : 
‘Inflammation of the substance of the brain as 
distinct from its membranes’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1843 Sir T. Watson Lect. Physic (1871) 1. 348 The dis- 
order I am about to consider has been called encephalitis. 
1866 A. Fuint Princ. Med. (1880) 717 The terms encepha- 
litis and cerebritis denote inflammation of the substance of 
the brain. 1880 H, M. Jones in Med. Temp. Frul. July 
185 One was complicated with encephalitis. 

Encephalocele (ense‘faloszl). Med. [f. Gr. 
éyépado-s the brain + «An tumour.) ‘ Protru- 
sion of a portion of the brain through a preter- 
natural opening in the skull’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 744/t That malformation 
termed encephalocele. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 239 
In the true encephalocele, the brain itself is pressed out of 
the skull into the external tumour. 

Encephaloid (ense‘faloid), a. Path, [a. Fr. 
encéphaloide (Laennec) f. Gr. éyxépad-os the brain 
+-0ID.] That resembles the brain or brain-struc- 
ture; the distinctive epithet of soft cancer (sar- 
coma). 

1846 W. H. Watsue Cancer 8. 1872 PrastEE Ovar. 
Tumours 20 The encephaloid variety is more common than 
the scirrhous. 

Encephalon (ense‘falgn). Amat. [a. Gr. (70) 
éyxépadoy what is within the head.) What is 
within the skull; the brain. 

1741 Monro Anat. Nerves (ed. 3) 14 The Cortex of the 
Encephalon, 1802 Med. Frnl. VIII. 98 The meninges of 
the encephalon, as well as the brain itself, were in a state 
of high inflammation. 188 Mivart Cat 259 The .. En- 
cephalon, is that enlarged part of the nervous centres which 
is contained within the cranium. ae 

cap ey erped ehaed (ensefalppapi). Path. [f. 
Gr. éyxépado-s brain + -1d0ea, f. rados suffering.] 
Disease of the brain in general. Hence Ence- 
phalopa‘thic a., pertaining to encephalopathy. 

1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 767 Saturnine Encepha- 
lopathy. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 585 Polyuria had 
occurred in consequence of violent encephalopathies. 1866 
A. Fut Princ. Med. (1880) 767 Other manifestations of 
lead-poisoning..may..precede the encephalopathic attack. 

ll ncephalos (ense'falgs). rare. [a. Gr. éy- 
xépados the brain.] = ENCEPHALON. 

1708 Kersey, Encephalos, whatever is contained within 
the Scull. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metafph. I. App. 411 
The female enbepnaloa is considerably smaller than that of 
the male. 

Encephalous (ense‘falos), @. Zool. [f. ENcr- 
PHAL -A+0US.] Of molluscs: Possessing a dis- 
tinct head ; belonging to the ENCEPHALA. 

1851 RicHArDson Geol. viii. 229 The encephalous orders 
possess organs of sense, 1875 BLAKE Zoo/. 243 Encephalous 
molluscs, with locomotive and prehensile organs. 

Encerche, var. of ENSEARCH, v. Ods. 

+ Encertain, v. Ods. rare. [f. En-1+Crr- 
TAIN @.] trans. To certify, inform. 

c1530 Lp. Berners Arthur (1814) 515 At laste she was 
encertayned that, etc. 

Encertin, Sc. var. of INCERTAIN a. (adv.) Obs. 
uncertain, without purpose. 

+Enceu'r. Ods. [a. obs. Fr. encueur, enceur 
(? f. phrase ev ceur in the heart).] A disease of 
the chest affecting horses and oxen. 


ENCH. 


1616 Surri, & Maru. Countr. Karme 139 The Enceur 
doth bring present death to horses, 

ch, obs. var. of IncH. 

Enchace, obs. form of ENoHasE. 

Enchafe (en;t{z-f), v. Ods. or arch. Forms: 
4 enchaufye, 4-7 enchauf(e, 4~- enchafe ; also 
7 inchafe. [ME. enchaufe, an alteration of es- 
chaufe, AOHAFE.] 

1. trans. To make hot or warm, Also jig. to 
excite, irritate. : 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, m. iv. 73 As fire. .ne stintep nat to 
enchaufen [Camb. MS. eschaufen] and to ben hote. *378 
Barsour Bruce 1. 395 The gude, at enchaufyt war Off Ire. 
1470-85 Matory Arthur xvi. xv, Syr Lauayne was ryden 
to playe hym to enchauffe his hors. ¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. 
Eng. Vist (1846) I. 43 The legates of Rome bei enchafed 
with such woords. 160r Hotianp Pliny I. 225 Hee alone 
after this maner inchafeth himselfe, and giues an edge vnto 
his anger. did. xvii. xxx, The Frument. .soone catcheth 
a heat, and is quickly enchaufed. 161 Suaxs. Cyd. 1v. 
ii. 174 They are as rough (Their Royall blood enchaf'd) as 
the rud’st winde. 1812 H. te Situ Rej. Addr. 86 Thy 
embryo form. .The dark enlightens, and enchafes the cold. 

2. intr. To grow hot. Also 4 : 

€1380 Sir Ferumb, 2256 He loua pat fyr ; let hym en- 
chaufye ynne. 1382 Wyctir od vi. 17 As thei enchaufe, 
thei shul be losid fro ther place. 

Encha’fed, #//. a. [f. Excuare v.+-Ep1.] 
Furious, excited, irritated. Also fig. 

1604 Suaxs. Ofh, u. i, 16, I neuer did like mollestation 
view On the enchafed flood. 1802 Joanna Baituie Met, 
Leg. W. Wallace. \xxx, Like th’ enchafed lion bound. 

Enchain (en\t{éi'n), v. Forms: 4 encheinen, 
5-7 enchayn, 7 encheine, 6-8 inchain, 7 in- 
chayn, 6- enchain. [a. OF. enchaine-r, f. en- 
(see En-1) + chaine CHAIN s6.] 

1. trans. To put in or bind with chains; to 
chain up, fetter. 

1491 Caxton Vilas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xxx. 26 b/2 
Some men broughte to hym a chylde enchayned. _ 1603 
Kno.vss Hist. Turks (1621) 1331 Putting into their [Chris- 
tian slaves] places the Turkes which had inchained them, 
1 66 Nucent Gr. Tour France IV. 73 The statue of Lewis 
5% V .. with four slaves enchained, denotes his victories. 

+b. To surround or hem in as with a chain. 

rg8x Stywarp Mart, Discip. u. 129 The Turke..doth in- 
chaine and fortifie the Campe. : . 

2. fig. a. To ‘fetter’, restrain; to impede the 
free or natural action of. 

1751 Jounson Ramb/. No. 159 ® 5 Bashfulness. .may flush 
the cheek..and enchain the tongue. 1838-9 Hatiam //ist. 
Lit. IV. tv. vii. § 57 He was never enchained by rules. 
1880 Mazzini Royalty & Repub. 187 Do not enchain one of 
its (the intellect’s) faculties. 

b. To hold fast, rivet (the attention); to bind, 
attach (the emotions) closely to an object. Hence 
with personal obj. See ENCHAINING Z?/. a. 

1658 T. Watt God's Rev. Enemies Ch. 17 Great affec- 
tion..believes a possibility of that to the iikiog of which 
it is enchained. 1844 A. Wetsy Poems (1867) 46 Thy 
song enchained a thousand hearts. 185 C. Bronté in Mrs. 
Gaskell Life (1857) II. 236 Rachel’s acting .. enchained me 
with interest, and thrilled me with horror. 1863 Burton 
Bk. Hunter 48 In a noble library the visitor is enchained 
to reverence and courtesy by the genius of the pl: 

+c. intr. for ref, To become closely united. Ods. 
c1400 Test. Love 11.(1560) 285/2 Dignitie with honour, and 
reverence, causen harts to encheinen. ' 

+3. To link together as in a chain. Ods. 

1642 Howe t For. Trav. (1869) 33 One contracts and en- 
chaines his words. 1768 Br. Warsurton Lett, Eminent 
Divine (1809) 422 The parts of the argument are so en- 
chained with one another that, etc. 

Hence Enchai-ned //. a. 

1654 R. Coprincton tr. Hist. Justine 297 He..filled not, 
as his Father, the prisons with enchained Citizens. 

Enchaining (enjt{é'-nin), p9/. a. [f. ENcHAIN 
v. +-ING2.] at enchains. 

+1. Forming a chain or linked series. fig. Obs. 

1658 R. Wuire tr. Digdy’s Powd. aap (1660) 143 These 
-_ causes are so enchaining one within the other. 

2. That holds or rivets the attention. 

1823 Sismondi’s Lit, Eu (1846) I. ii. 55 Scarcely a 
volume .. contains passages thing a more enchaining 
eloquence, 1866 J. Martineau Ess. I. 64 The most en- 
chaining and irresistible is James Mill. 

Enchainment (en,t{#'nmént). [f. ENcHAIN 2. 
+-MENT.] The action of enchaining; the state 
of being enchained. 

1750 Warsurton ¥udian ui. iii. Wks. (1811) VIII. 132 A 
connection and enchainment of one fact to another. 1849 
Miss Mutock Ogilvies xxxix. (1875) 298 Passing enchain- 
ments of sense or fancy. 1855 Zss. /ntuit. Morals 101 The 
doctrine of the necessary enchainment of action with action, 

+ Enchai'p, v. Sc. Ods. rare} on 
f, En-1+Cuxap sé, or vb.] intr. or absol. To ‘do 
a trade’. 

©1475 Rauf Coilzear 318 Quhair ony Coil3ear may enchaip 
I trow till encheif. 

Enchair: see En- pref.! 1. 

+ Encha‘nce, sd. Ols. rare. In § en- 
chaunce, [as if OF, *encheance f. encheoir to 
happen: see En-1 and CHANcE] = CHANCE. 


144 


1634 Malory’s Arthur (1816) I. 120 By the damsel’s en- 
chant [1470-85 enchauntement], the sword Excalibur fell out 
of sir Accolon’s hand. 

Enchant (enjt{a'nt), v. Forms: 4 enchaunten, 

-6 enchaunt, 6-8 incha(u)nt, 4- enchant. [a. 

. enchante-r :—L. incantare, f. in- upon, against 

+ cantare to sing ; cf. CHAant v., INCANTATION.] 

1, trans. To exert magical influence upon; to 
bewitch, lay under a spell. Also, to endow with 
magical powers or properties. Also fig. 

r = lame P, Pi, i- «6 The frere JE. his phisik 
this folke hath enchaunted. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 137 


With word the serpent is enchaunted. c¢ ork Myst. 
xxxiii. 288 He enchaunted & charmed oure knyghtis. 1578 
T. N. tr. Cong. W. India 122 The Indians thought t 


the Spaniardes were inchaunted. a 1619 Daniet in Farr S. 
P. Eliz. (1845) 11. 399 T’ inchant your fame to last so long 
awhile. 1635 Pacitt Christianography (1646) I. 235 Thus 
had the Popes by this time learnt to inchant these words of 
holy scripture, to make them serve for a cloake of disobedi- 
ence, 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. St. v. xiv. 411 Cockering 
mothers inchant their sonnes to make them rod-free. 1741 
Ricuarpson Pamela 1. 55 This little Slut has the Power of 
Witchcraft .. she inchants all that come near her. 1772 
Pennant Tours Scott. (1774) 232 Both these amulets have 
been enchanted. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, India I. u. vii. 321 
‘The murdered individual had enchanted them. 

absol. 1610 Suaxs. Temp. Epil. 13 Now I want Spirits to 
enforce : Art to inchant. 

+ 2. fig. To influence irresistibly or powerfully, 
as if by a charm; to hold spellbound; in bad 
sense, to delude, befool. Ods. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troy/us tv. 1395, I shal hym so enchaunten 
with my sawes. ¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 4187 Pan was Char{lis) 
enchanted so With pees traytour, and othre mo. 1543 
Lp. Berners Froiss. I. xlvi. 63 To forsake the kyng of Eng- 
lande, who had enchauntedthem. 1591 Suaxs. 1 Hen. V/, 
mu. iil, 40 Speake Pucel/, and enchaunt him with thy 
words. 1678 CupwortH /ntel/, Syst. 1. ii. 69 Philosophers, 
and Theologers enchanting mens Understandings. 

+b. To attract, win over, compel or induce, as if 
by magi (to do something). Ods. (cf. INCENTIVE). 

1398 ANGL, P. Pi, C. xvi. 288 Eueriche busshope.. 
sholde fere hem [his people] fro synne..And enchaunte hem 
to charite. 1577 HotinsHep Chron. II. 1106/1 Vnlearned 
men may be inchanted to thinke and iudge those that be 
things indifferent. .to be great treasons. 1597 SHaks. Lover’s 
Compl. 128 He..sexes both enchanted To dwell with him in 
thought. 

3. To charm, delight, enrapture. 

Originally with conscious metaphor as in 2; now employed 
more freely, after the mod. Fr. use of enchanter. 

1sg2 SHaxs. Ven. & Ad. 145 Bid me discourse, I will en- 
chant thine ear. 1672 Drypen Assignation u. iii, This 
time I will absolutely inchant em. 1713 STEELE Guardian 
No. 22 P x Our eyes inchanted with flowery meadows. 1831 
Lytton Godolph. 13 Godolphin was enchanted at this pro- 
posal, 1872 Morey Voltaire (1886) 68 Voltaire is enchanted 
to hear that his niece reads .. Locke. 

Encha‘nted, ///. a. [f. Encuant v. + -ED.1] 

1. Invested with magical powers or properties. 
Also fig. 

1596 Spenser F. Q, Iv. vi. 26 The same which ..in that 
enchaunted glasse she saw. 1610 SHaxs. Tem. v. i. 112 
Where thou bee’st he or no, Or some inchanted triffle to 
abuse me. 1671 Mitton Samson 932, I know .. thy fair 
enchanted cup. 1815 Moore Lad/a R. (1824) 330 So power- 
fully on every soul That new, enchanted measure stole. 1877 
bf Jones Finger-ring L.113 The enchanted rings of the 


reeks. 

2. Bewitched, laid under a spell. 

1710 STEELE & Appison Tatler No, 254 ?1 Allis Enchanted 
Ground, and Fairy Land. 1769 Junius Lett. xx. 96 The 
enchanted castles of ministerial magic. 1810 Scott Lady 
of L. 1. xxvi, On Heaven and on thy lady call, And enter 
the enchanted hall ! 

+b. Deluded, captivated as by magic. Oés. 


1617 Hirron Wks, (1619-20) II, 220 His owne inchaunted 
and beguiled heart. 

3. Delighted, charmed, enraptured. 

.1593°SHAKS. Lucy. 83 Therefore that praise which Colla- 
tine doth owe Ench d Tarquin an with ise In 
silent wonder of ef an pcos bes 1846 Keste Lyra Jnnoc. 


(1873) 208 Drink the loved cadence with enchanted ear. 
Enchanter (en\tfantaz). Forms ; 4 enchant- 
our, -eor, enchauntur, -or, (enchauntonour), 
4-5 enchauntour, 4-6 -ter, 5 -eure, 6 inchaunt- 
er, 6-7 inchanter, 3- enchanter. [f. ENcHANT 
v. + -ER ; but the ME. forms in -ur, -or, -our, etc., 
are formally a. OF, enchanteor :—L. incantatorem.] 
1, One who enchants, uses magic (see ENCHANT 
v. 1); formerly also, a ‘conjuror’, one who prac- 
pac yy ht eve. ike 
Be LOUC. (1724) 2! oe 
wase  €3395 St, ree in &. £. P. oa pogo 
‘h ynyme schulle pi wicchinge. cx HAUCER 
Pers. T, ? 615 Ff been the deuel nchauntours. 
1398 Trevisa Barth. D. P, R. xvi. xl. (1495) 566 This stone 
Ma 


‘otrop d: h the foly of enchauntours. ¢ Pilg. 
Life Manhode i. rie 
h pleye with an hat, how he maketh the folk to wene 


X tr. Hi, Rolls) I. h 
ae ) I. 151 age 


{L. 
+Encha:nce, v. Ods. rare. In 5 enchaunse, 
[?f. Ex-1+Cuance 5b.) ‘vans, ?To adventure. 


cxxii, (1869) 121 If evere thou seye an en- 
there be somewhat under. ¢ 1450 Mer/in vii. 113 Now hath 
the enchauntor well spoken. 1541 Exyot /mage Gov. 7 
Using the counsayle of witches and inchaunters, he made 
his sacrifice with young children, 1598 Haxtuyt Voy. I. 56 


ENCHANTRESS. 


He must pay a great summe of to the inchanter to 
be 1634 Mitton Comus 645 By this means 1 knew 
the foul enchanter, 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. ii. (1840) 
58 Whether. .we ider the Magicians to be phi 

or. h ij 1875 Jowett Pilato (ed.2) I. 
215 The art of the enchanter is a mode of charming snakes 
and spiders. 

b. transf. A ‘charmer’, bewitching woman. 

1704 T, Brown Beaxties (1730) 1. 42 With sure success 
each fair enchanter set Toyles for my heart. 

2. Enchanter’s nightshade, Circxa /utetiana. 

Gerarp Herbal 11. lix. 280 Inchaunters Nightshade 
leaues like ynto Petimorell. 1775 AsH, Enchanters- 
nightshade, The name of a plant, the circea. 1861 Miss 
Pratr Flower. Pi. 11. 290 Order vig. Circ#a 
Lutetiana (common Enchanter’s Night-shade). 

+ ‘ntery. Os. rare. Also 3 enchaun- 
terye, 6inchauntry. [a. OF. enchanterie, f. en- 
peg 2 see prec.] Magic, enchantment. 

I . Grouc, (1724) 148 Ac ‘was som enchant: r 
ga vnderstond gh of on thon 


to, le, 159x Srarry tr. Cattam’s Geomancie 
37 The Arte of diui and inchauntry. 

+ Enchanting, 2/. sb. Ods. [f. ENCHANT v. 
+-InG1.] The action of the vb. Encuant. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1567) 95a, I maie call it rather 


an ——— then i ¥ ——— — Trel. 
IL. Vv. (1633) 85 om the Bishop ascited to purge same 
of inchaunting and Witch-craft.. 

Enchanting (en,t{a-ntin), 497. a. [f. EncHant 
v. + -ING2,] 

1. That enchants or lays under a spell. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 53 Stoppe thyne eares 
from .. the inchauntynge merma: x Greene Fr. 
Bacon (1861) 172 The enchanting forces of the devil. 1626 
G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. vu. 135 On Pelias..she hung a 
deathlike sleepe with her inchanting tongue. 

2. Charming, delightful, enrapturing. 

1606 Suaks. Ant § C/.1.ii. 132, I must from this enchant- 
ing Queene breake off. 1LTon P, L. x. 355 Sin, his 
faire oo Daughter, thus the silence broke. 1718 
Lapy M. W. Monrtacvue Lett. II. xlviii. 50 It has an en- 
chanting effect. 1872 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 120 No spec- 
trum analysis can d pose for us that enchanting ray. 

Enchantingly (enjtfantinli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY2,] In an en ting manner. 

1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. Z. 1. i. 174 Hee’s..of all sorts en- 
chantingly beloued. 1748 Smottetr Rod. Rand. li. (1804) 
403 Why are you so enchantingly good? 1766 C. Anstey 
Bath Guide xiii, 110 This Place is ey pretty. 
1804 Moore Poet, Wks. 1. 369 Blessed and bright are thy 
rays O’er the brow of creation enchantingly thrown, 

Enchantingness (entfa'ntinnés). once - wd. 
[f. ENcHANTING +-NESS.] The quality of being 
enchanting. 

1879 G. Merepitn Egoisé n. iy. 82 Clara’senchantingness 
. assured him she was worth winning. 

Enchantment (en;tfantmént). Forms: 4-7 
enchaunt(e)ment, 5-8 inchaunt(e)ment, 3- 
enchantment. [a. OF. enchantement, {. enchanter 
to ENCHANT: see -MENT.] 

1. The action or process of enchanting, or of 
employing magic or sorcery. 

1297 R. Gtouc. (1724) 10 A clerk poru enchantement hym 
bi gan to telle. ¢1386 Cuaucer Ants. 7. 1943 Thenchaun- 
tementz of Medea and Circes. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. iv. (1839) 25 
It is made be Enchauntement. 14) Matory Arthur 
1v. x, By the damoysels enchauntement the swerd .. felle 
oute of Accolons hande. 1526 Tinpate Rev. xviii. 23 
With thyne inchantment were di d all naci 165% 
Honpes Leviath, 1. xxxvii. 236 There is no place of Scrip- 
ture, that telleth us what an Enchantment is, 1720 STEELE 
Tatler No. 9 ® 2, 1 saw his great Coach. .by a strange In- 
chantment turned into many different Vehicles. 1828 
Scort F. M. Perth xxxiv, That he was under the influence 
of enchantment, was a solution which ition had sug- 

ested, 1841 W. Sracpinc /taly & /t. /s/. Tl. 79 Poetical 
ables have placed Charlemagne in a world of heroism and 
enchantment, 


Fae gy ano Hud. mM. . 1179 
i a1704 T. Brown Praise Drunk, Poet. Wks. 1730 


Loe the a oe 


ments. 1870 EMERSON ‘Soe. $ Solity Farming Wks. (Bohn) 


great in ach 
rail. 1872 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 3 The delight of en- 
chantment among ideas of grace and Beouty, 

Enchantress (enjtfantrés). Forms: 4-6 
enchaunteresse, 6 enchanteresse, 6-8 inchant- 
resse, 8- enchantress. [a. OF, enchanteresse, 
fem. of enchantere, -ecor ENOHANTER.] A female 
enchanter, ; 

1, A female who employs magic; a witch, sor- 
ceress, Also fg. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth, rv. iv. 123 O feble and ly3t is 
hand’ of Circes pe enchaunteresse, 1480 Caxton Ovia's 
Met. xu. xii, Broteon and..Orion wer sones of yiere 4 
enchaunteresse, 1568 Grarton Chron, II. 538 A 
Witch, and a fanaticall Enchaunteresse. 1614 RaLeicn 
Hist. World u. Endor, famous by reason of the In- 
chantresse. 1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. u. iii. (2851) > Aad 
fucus which these inchantresses .. have laid fea- 
tures..of Truth, 1725 Pore Odyss. x. 162 soft En- 
chantress dame.,to whom the powers belong Of dreadful 
ae 1794 G. Apams Nat. | Fy Philos. 11, xxi. 389 
Philosophy becomes a vain babbler, and Religion a super- 
stitious enchantress. oe Nome Laila R. (1824) 414 The 


ENCHARGE. 


2. fig. A charming or bewitching woman. 

1713 C’ress WincueEtsea Misc. Poems 194 There shalt 
thou meet Of soft Encl th’ Enchantm sweet. 
1866-8 Miss Brappon Lady's Mile i. 3 ‘The girl he loved 
was the most capricious little enchantress. 

+ Encharge, sd. Ods. [a. OF. encharge, f. en- 
charger: see next.) An injunction. 

1595 Cortey Wits (Nares), His trumpetter .. refus’d this 
encharge and push’d the nobleman himselfe forward. 


Encharge (enjtfa-1dz), v. Also in-. [a. OF. 
encharger, f. en- (see EN-1) + charge CHARGE sd.] 

+1. ¢rans. To impose as a charge or duty; to 
command, enjoin (an action); to give (a thing) 
in charge. Const. 0, or dat. of the person. Oés. 

¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. vi. 178 Grete necessite of prow- 
esse and vertue is encharged and comaunded to 3ow yif 3e 
nil nat dissimulen. 1598 Barret 7heor. Warres u. i. 17 
So shall he accomplish what is encharged and commanded 
him. dd. 20 The Ensigne..the Captaine. .deliuereth.. 
vnto his Ensigne-bearer, encharging him the custodie 
and defence thereof. 1656 Finetr For. Ambass. 54 It was 
beforehand incharged to me to put them from that hope. 
1828 Lams Left. in C. & Mrs. C. Clarke Recoll. Writers 
(1878) 160 Mrs. Hazlitt to whom I encharged it. 

+2. To enjoin or commission (a person) ¢o do 
something. Oés. 

¢ 1535 Dewes /xtrod. Ir. in Palsgr. 897 The whiche hath 
me commanded and encharged to reduce and to put by 
writtyng the maner. 1598 GRENEWEY Zacitus’ Ann.1. xiv. 
(1622) 26 He encharged the Germanes to breake in. 1670 
G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. 1. 130, I have encharged Mon- 
signor Burlemont..to wait upon you. 168r P. Rycaur 
Critick 199 It had [been] better he had encharged us not to 
suffer, etc. 

3. To burden, entrust, commission wth. 

1 Br. Hatt Efisc. ut. i. 220 Encharging them with 
the flocke over which Christ hath made them Bishops. 167% 
True Non-conf. 161 It is a. necessary thing, that the more 
. gifted, be peculiarly incharged with the inspection of the 
Clergie. 1750 Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 6 The magis- 
tracy it encharged with their execution. 1868 R. Quick 
Ess. Educ. Ref. iv.68 A man. .who found himself encharged 
with the bringing up of a young nobleman. 

Enchariot: see En- ref! 1. 

+Encha‘rm, v. 0ds. Also 7 incharm. [a. 
OF. encharme-r, f. en in + charme Cuarm sé.] 
trans. To throw a charm or spell over; to enchant. 

1480 Caxton Ovia’s Met. xiv. 1, She..encharmed them 
[the herbes] with sorowful and nety charmes, 1 Br. 
Atcock Mons Perfect. Biij, This wylde beste must be en- 
charmed w' y® scripture of god. 16rr Speep Hist. Gt. 
Brit. vu. iy. 206 Rowena .. saluted the King with a cup of 
gold full of sweet Wine, incharming it with these words. 


Encharnel: see En- pref] 2. 


+ Encharter, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. OF. en- 
chartrer, {. en in + chartre:—L. carcer-em prison.] 
trans. To incarcerate. 

1483 Caxton G. de la Tour H ij b, Whiche comforted and 
vysyted the poure enchartered and emprysoned. 

+Encha‘se, sd. Obs. rare—'. In 5 enchace. 
[f. EncHAsE v.1] Chase; hunting. 

1486 Bk, St. Albans e. j 1 shall yow tell which be beestys 
of enchace. 

+ Encha’se, v.1 O’s. Also 4-5 enchace, 5 
enchasse. [a. OF. enchacier, f. en- (see En-1) 
+chacier (see CHASE, CaToH): cf. It. zcacctare 
to drive.] ; 

trans. To drive away, banish ; to hunt, pursue. 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumd. 2906 To the Galwis-warde .. bay en- 
chacede pan baroun. 14.. Tundal’s Vis., Purific. Marie 
128 And then all fylth from hur to enchase. 1430 Lypc. 
Chron. Troy 1, vi, Aurora .. Is wonte t’ enchase the blacke 

es doune. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. v. (1 #20) 43/2 The 
folke of Saxon .. you have dryven and enchased. 1491 
Act 7 Hen, VII, c. 20 § 6 The distres so take to lead dryve 
enchace and bere awey, etc. 1583 STanyHuURST xe7zs 1. 
(Arb.) 30, Swans twelue in coompany flushing .. enchast 
with a murtherus eagle. 274% T. Rozinson Gavelkind 11. 
viii. 263 He may lawfully enchase and drive them out. 

Enchase (enjt{éi's), v.2 Forms: 6-8 en- 
chace, 6-9 inchase, 7 inchace, 5- enchase. [In 
senses 1-3, 6 clearly a. F. enchdsser to enshrine 
(sacred relics), enclose, set (gems), encase; f. ez 
in +chdsse shrine, casket, case, setting :—L. capsa 
Case sb.2 Whether senses 4-5 belong to the 
same word appears doubtful ; they may naturally 
have been developed from 3, but in our quotations 
4 appears as the earliest recorded sense, both of 
this word and of CHASE v.2 which is supposed to 
be an aphetic form of it.] 

I. With the idea of ornamentation. 

1. To ‘set’ as a jewel 2 (gold or other setting) ; 
also, of the enchasing material (quots. fig. only), 
to serve as a setting for. 

1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Q, A man 
being a diamond enchaced among men, yet .. quicke and 
mery amonge women, 1660 Jer. TayLor Worthy Commun. 
i, v. 98 Because the ament is not without the word, 
they are a jewel enchas’d in gold when they are together. 
1831 Brewster Vat. Magic vii. 159 A ips head .. of 
the sage Minos, which he had enchased in oe: a 
Jones Finger-ring L. 246 A gold ring with aruby enc le 

Jig. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. xii. 23 My ragged rimes are all 
too rude and bace Her heavenly lineaments for to enchace, 

Cuapman Bussy D’ Ambois Plays 1873 Il. 9 Thou hast 

--Glosse enough T’enchase in all shew, thy long smothered 

amar emg Watrote in Four C, Eng. Lett. 268 Gray 
OL. . 


145 


has translated two noble incantations..They are to be en- 
chased in a history of English bards. 1765 Gray Lett. in 
Poems (1775) 314 Four small lakes. .whose deep blue waters 
. contrasted with the black desert in which they were in- 
chased. 1867 Swinsurne in Fortn. Rev. Oct, 420 Inter. 
ludes. .known .. to many ignorant of their original setting, 
in which they are now again enchased. 

2. To set (gold, etc.) with gems. 

1615 G. Sanpys Rel. Yourn. 1. 75 The ornament of her 
head. .of beaten gold, and inchaced with gems. 1690.Sones 
Costume (1849) 196 In box of beaten gold..Inchas’d with 
diamonds, @1882 Loner. Morit. Salutamus 199 Golden 
ones enchased with rubies. 

. transf. and fig. 

4 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 77 Like to the purest 
molde, Enchac’de with daintie daysies soft and white. 1593 
Drayton Eclog. 1. 38 Whose floore with Stars is gloriously 
inchased. cx61x Cuarman /iiad (1857) Pref. 71 Plato.. 
with his [Homer's] verses, as with precious gems, every- 
where enchaceth his writings. 

ce. Said of the gems. 

1697 Dryven Virg. Georg. 1. 725 To drink in Bowls which 
glitt’ring Gems enchase. 

3. To inlay or variegate (metal, etc.) wth gold 
or silver. 

1640 G. Sanpys Christ's Passion 18 See those Roofs..the 
Beams With burnisht gold inchac’d, and blazing Gems. 
1716-8 Lapy M. W. MontacueE Lett. I. x. 36 There was.. 
a set of fine china for the tea-table enchased in gold. 1725 
Pork Odyss. xv. 129 This silver bowl, whose costly margins 
shine Enchas’d with gold. 178: Gipson Dec?, §& /. II. xliii. 
603 His armour was enchased with gold. 

4, To adorn with figures in relief, esp. of repoussé- 
work. Hence in wider sense, to engrave, orna- 
ment with engraved figures or patterns. 

1463 Bury Wills (1850) 23, I wille she haue..my flat pece 
enchased to make with a saltsaler of sylver [i this docu- 
ment freq. chased in same sense). 1682 WHELER Yourn. 
Greece 1, 181 Figures of Inchased Work. 1717 BERKELEY 
in Fraser Life (1871) 515 The house .. being enchased with 
beautiful relievos of antiquity. 1828 Macauvay AZisc. Writ. 
(1860) I. 259 They are not enchased and relieved with the 
same skill. 

b. To engrave (figures) oz, 7 a surface; to 
portray by engraved figures, 

1579 SPENSER Sheph, Cal. Aug. 27 Wherein is enchased 
many a fayre sight. 160r Hottanp Péiny II. 566 Within 
the hollow part and concauitie he inchased the conflict be- 
tween the gods and the gyants. 1766 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 
112/2 He [a type-founder] has found means to enchase the 
points or vowels, without which that character would be 
unintelligible. 1868 Siti Poet's Afol. 1. v, Truth enchased 
upon a jewel rare, A man would keep. : 

5. transf. and fig. To adorn or variegate with 
figures resembling engraving. 

1590 SPENSER /. Q. m1. ix. 24 A wandring vine, Enchaced 
with a wanton yvie twine. 16x0 G. FLETCHER Chris?’s 
Vict. in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 47 A thousand colours did 
the bow enchace. 1612 Drayton Poly-old. viii. 117 His 
manly breast inchaste With sundry shapes of Beasts. 1816 
CoreriwcE Lay Ser, 346 The vegetable creation. .inchases 
3d .. volume of the earth with the hieroglyphics of her 

istory. 

II. With the idea of inclusion. 

6. To enshrine (as a relic) 27. 
sense in Fr.] 

1643 Evetyn Ment. (1857) I. 46 Enchased in a crystal 
covered with gold. 1688 H. WHarton Exthus. Ch. Rome 
24 [He] might..have his Bones enchased in Gold. 1823 
Scorr Romance (1874) 68 The highly ornamented Church 
with which superstition has surrounded and enchased it 
[the famous hut of Loretto]. | 

b. fig. (often passing into 7.) 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 11. 415 And if, like him, there be in 
thee enchac’d Virtue to give words works. 1626 T. H. 
Caussin’s Holy Crt. 37 God seemeth to haue enchased all 
Christian perfection, in Charity. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. 
Exemp.t. vii. 31 Thy holy Humanity inchased in the ador- 
able Divinity. a1711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 
I. 100 Thy bright Idea in my Heart Enchase. 

+7. To close in, shut in, enclose. Ods. 

159 Spenser I, Hubberd 626 The Lyon..Enchaste with 
chaine and circulet of golde. 60x Hottanp Pliny II. 626 
They [magicians] giue direction..to inchase or inclose it 
(Chlorites] with a es of yron. c16rx Cuapman /liad 
XI. 56 They charge him close, and stand (as in a tow’r They 
had inchas’d him) pouring on of darts aniron show’r. did. 
xix. 346 Herself the skies again enchased. 1715 tr. Pan- 
cirollus’ Hist. Mem. Th. I. ww. xvi. 219 Samothrace..where 
was first invented the Art of encircling, or enchasing Iron 
with Gold [cf 3]. 

8. To ‘let in’ to a ‘chase’ or mortice. Also 


transf. and fig. 

1611 Cotcr., abler, to make the Croes of a Caske: viz. 
a furrow or hollow. .whereinto the head-peeces may be en- 
chased. 1616 J. B. Sermon 18 The Soule and the Body 
are olde friends, so enchased, one into another, that, etc. 
@1774 GoLpsMITH tr. Scarron’s Comic Romance (1775) i. 81 
His whole head was enchased into his hat. 

Enchased (enjt{é'st; poe?. en,t{2i'séd), A2/. a. 
[f. prec.+-ED1.] In senses of the verb. 

1616 Lane Squire's T. vi. 53 Bold Camballo..came armd 
in bright enchaced steele. 1818 Keats Exdym. Vain as 
swords Against the enchased crocodile. 

+ Encha‘sement. 00s. [f. as prec. + -MENT ; 
ef. OF. enchacement of same meaning.] That in 
which anything is enchased ; a setting, frame. 

1651 tr. Coveras’ Hist. Don Fenise 27 He..prepared the 
jewell of his soule for a more pretious inchasement. 1686 
tr. Chardin’s Trav. 100 The Mingrelians have a greater 
Esteem for the Enchasements, then for the Reliques them- 
selves. 1772 J. R. Forster Katm’s Trav. Il. 222 The en- 
chasement of the doors and windows. 


[The original 


ENCHERISH. 


Enchaser (en,t{éisaz). [f. ENCHASE v.2 +-ER.] 
One who enchases or engraves metal. 

1859 C. Barker Assoc. Princ. ii. 49 The piety and liber- 
ality. .of our early .. enchasers. 1873 Echo 18 Aug. 4/4 A 
very skilful enchaser. 1887 Pall Mall G. 20 Aug. 5/1 Mr. 
Stevenson is not a patient enchaser of far-fetched, costly 
jewel-words. | : 

Enchasing (enjt{2''sin), 27. sd, [f. ENcHASE .2 
+-ING.] The action of the verb EncHAsE; the 
putting of a jewel into its setting ; in quot. fg. 

1831 E. Irvine Expos. Rev. I. 49 Without such a setting 
and enchasing in the conditions of time and place. 

|| Enchassure. vare—'. [Fr.; f. enchdsser: 
see ENCHASE v.2] The casing of a relic. 

1716 Lavy M. W. Montacue Le?#t. I. 14 The rich images 
of the saints, and the enchassures of the relics. 

Enchasten (eitpren), v. vare—', [f. En-l + 
CuHAsTEN.] ¢rans. To make chaste, purify. 

¢ 1800 K. WuiteE Time 357 Castaly enchasten’d with its dews. 

Enchaufc(e, -ffe, -fye, obs. ff. ENCHAFE. 

Enchaunt, obs. form of ENcHANT. 

Enche, obs. form of Inc. 

+ Enchea‘son. Ods. Forms: 3-5 enchesun, 
-oun(e -own(e, 4-7 encheson(e, (4 encheison, 
-eyson, 5 enchesen, ? encihoson, inchessoun, 6 
enchesson,) 6-7 encheason. Also ANCHESOUN. 
[a. OF. excheson, encheison, f. encheorr, lit. to fallin, 
hence to be in fault (whence excheement ‘instiga- 
tion, cause’, Godef.). The OF. word was influenced 
in meaning, if indeed its formation was not actually 
suggested, by the earlier acheson (see ACHESOUN) 
:-L. occasién-em occasion; the two words seem 
to have been entirely synonymous, acheson being 
more usual in continental OF., and evcheson in 
AF, and in Eng.] 

1. Occasion, cause, reason, motive. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 111 He ascode hem.. for wat en- 
cheson heo come. ¢1315 SHOREHAM Poems 120 More en- 
cheyson hadde oure levedy. .blythe for to be. ¢1340 Cursor 
M. 2237 (Fairf.) Quen we se enchesoun .. we may clymbe 
vp and doun. 1393 Lanci. P. Pl. C. vi. go Couetyse 
contreuede how ich myghte Be holde for holy .. by pat 
encheison. ¢1430 Henryson Jor. Fad. 83 For what en- 
chesson this Dogs skin haue ye borne? a14so Le Morte 
Arth. 56 He made inchessoun for to abyde. ¢ 1450 Lone- 
Lich Grail xxxix. 466 Thanne knew he wel be his owne ° 
enchesown that he was a synnere ful grette. 1579 SPENSER 
Sheph. Cal. May 147 Thou .. blamest hem much, for small 
encheason. 1597 Guistard §&Sismond Bij, Ease, rest, and 
delicates, what great encheason, They give to starre a man 
to corage. a1618 J. Davirs £glog. (1772) 110 Who whilom 
no encheson could fore-haile. 1641 Termes de la Ley 135), 
Encheson .. signifies... the occasion, cause, or reason for 
which any thing is done. 1642 Birp Magazine of Honour 
86 Upon divers encheasons and occasions. 

2. By, for encheason of : by reason of, because of. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melibeus » 527 The ydel man excuseth 
him. .in somer by enchesoun of the grete heat. 1488 Caxton 
Chast. Goddes Chyld. 86 They trowen that by encheson of 
suche manere temptacyon they ben forgoten of her god. 
1494 Fapyan vi. clxxxvi. 187 For encheson that y* sayd 
William ayded a noble man of Pycardy. 1609 SKENE Reg. 
Maj. 112 The King be encheson [varein, Be reason, or 
because], that the overlord is within his waird, afterward 
giues that land to any man as escheit. 3 

+ Encheat, 52. Ods. [a. OF. encheotte, f. en- 
cheotr to fall in; cf. Escueat.] Revenue derived 
from escheats or confiscations. 

1387 Trevisa Higdex (Rolls) VII. 259 He 3af hym eche 
day a litel what of enchetes [Jarusm de fisco] to lyve by. 
Ibid. 323 Odo wastede and destroyede the kynges rentes 
and enchetes [_/iscos regios]. x Fapyan vit. 306 By theyr 
meanys, y® Kyng loste many forfaytes and encheatis. 

+ Enchea't, v. Obs. rare—'. In 5 enchete. 
[f. prec.; cf. EscHeat v.] ‘¢rans. ‘To confiscate 
for the royal treasury. 

1460 CapGRAVE Chron. 288 Ye have stered the Kyng to 
enchete alle the temporaltes that longyng to the Frensch 
munkis. 1483 Cath. Ang/. 114 To Enchete, fiscare. 

+ Enchea‘ter. Ods. In 4 enchetour, 5 en- 
cheter. [f. prec. + -ER.] = ESCHEATOR, 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 43 Enchetour [/scz ad- 
vocatus). 1483 Cath. Angl. 114 An Encheter, fiscator. 

Encheck: see En- gref.1 3. 

Encheer (enjtfie1), v. Also 7 enchear, in- 
chear. [f. En-1+CHEER v.] ‘trans. To cheer, 
render cheerful. Hence Enchee'ring ///. a. 

1605 Daniet Philotas (1717) 311 Ded., That in better 
place And better comfort they may be inchear’d Who shall 
deserve, etc. ¢x630 Drumm. or Hawtn. Poews Wks. (1711) 
38 The flower of princes .. Enchearing all our dales.. Is 
come. 1652 Bentowes Theopfh. vi. Ixxv, I’ th’ Orient 
Sols enchearing rays. c1800 K. WuitE Christiad ix, No 
sweet remain of life encheers the sight. 

Enchein, obs. form of ENCHAIN. 

| Enchei‘ria. Obs. rare, ([Gr. éyxetpia.] 
Method of manipulation. 

1672 NewTon in Rigaud Corr. Sez. Men (1841) II. 346 The 
want of a good encheiria. 

Enchequer: see En. pref.1 3. 

+Encherish, z. [a. OF. excheriss-, lengthened 
stem of excherir: see En-! and CHERISH.) ¢rans. 
? =CueERIsH. Implied in + Enche-rishing, v3/. sd., 
in quot. app. used in sense ‘ benefit, advantage’. 

¢ 1480 in Pol. Poems (1859) I1. 286 Yt were .. expedyent 
for oure Kyngs And a gret enscherychyng to all the 
Comynalte. i 

9 


Bi 
*: rr 


ENCHEST, 


+Enche'st, v. Oés. Also 7in-. [f,Ex-1+ Curst 
a trans. To shut up in, or as in, a chest. 
1632 Vicars “Zneid (N.), ~ thy breast enchest such 


anger still? 1632 , To 3 
+ Enche’ ppl.a. Obs. [f. EN-1+ Cuest sb. 
+-ED.] Furnished with coffers or sunken Is. 


pane 
1730 A, Gorvon Maffei's Amphith, 285 The Roof is en- 
chested and waved, 

+ Enche've, v. Obs. rare. Also 5 Sc. en- 
cheif, [altered form of acheve, ACHIEVE.] trans. 
To win, gain possession of, Also intr. To 
succeed. ence Enche'ving vé/. sd. oe 

©1475 [see Encuatr]. Matory 4 rthur 1. iii, He 
is not here..that shall encheue the swerd. did. u. iv, The 
encheuynge of the swerd. . 

Enchiridion (enkoiri-difn). [a. Gr. éyxep- 
fiov, f. & in+xelp hand+dim, suff. ov.) A 
handbook or manual; a concise treatise serving 
as a guide or for reference. 

1541 CoverDALE Old Faith Wks. 1844 I. 49 He [Moses] 
made .. an enchiridion and sum of all the acts of his time. 
1658 Br. Reynotps Medit. Lord’s Supper Ded., I have 
been emboldened to present this = enchiridion. .unto 9 
hand d patronage of so..judicious a person. ar 
Buswcr he. ‘Mus (ed. 2) II. ii. 122 The Enchiridion of 
Hubald..appears first in the volume. 1 I. Taytor En- 
thus. (1850) 224 The Bible .. is the heaven  Rerantyger of 
those who are beset with the cares, etc. of the world. 1885 
Blackw.Mag. June 775/t This enchiridion or little handbook 
was published in 1575- 

Enchisel: see En- ref.) 2. 

|| Enchondroma (enkgndréuma). Path. Pl. 
enchondromata. Also (formerly) in adapted 
form enchondrom. [mod.L., as if a. Gr. *éyxév- 
Spwpa, f, év in + xévdpos cartilage.] A tumour 
meving a structure resembling cartilage. 

1847 Sout tr. Chelius’s Surgery U1. 674 John Miiller has 
described it most minutely as peck Caeage such con- 
glomeration is peculiar tothe Enchondrom. 1847-9 Topp 
Cycl. Anat. 1V. 133/1 Enchondroma exhibits itself as a 
tumour of moderate size. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 
112 Enchondromata..are most commonly met with in con- 
nection with bone. 7 

Enchondromatous (enkgndrdmatas), a. 
Path. [f. mod.L, enchondromat- stem of prec. + 
-ous.] Of or pertaining to ENcHONDROMA. 

1847 Topp Cyc/. Anat. IV, 121/2 Growths of all kinds .. 
enchondromatous, erectile, etc. 1872 Conen Dis Throat 
140 A case of large enchondromatous tumor on the under 
surface of the hard palate. - ? ; 

Enchorial (enkg rial), a. [f. Gr. éyxwpi-os in 
or of the country (f. év in+ xopd country) +-AL.] 
That belongs to, or is used in, a particular country : 
a. Used (after Gr. éyxupia ypdupara, occurring 
on the Rosetta stone) as the distinctive epithet of 
the popular (as distinguished from the hieroglyphic 
and the hieratic) form of the ancient Egyptian 
written character; in technical use now commonly 
superseded by Demotic, bb. In general sense 
(somewhat rare.) 

1822 Q. Rev. XXVIII. 189 A close comparison of the en- 
chorial or demotic character with the corresponding Greek 
on the Rosetta stone. 1864 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. & Eng. 
III. 98 The name. .transmitted by the enchorial tradition. . 
is clearly Teutonic. 1882 PalZ Mall G. 8 June 4/2 That 
indescribable enchorial something which is British and not 
Netherlandish. 3 

+ Enchro‘nicle, v. Oés. Also 6 encronicle, 
incronicle. [f. EN-1+CHRonIcLE.] ¢vans. To 
enter in a chronicle ; to register, put on record. 

1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburgh (1848) 137 Encronicled 
foloweth..A briefe compilacion of Kynge Edward seniour. 
1 R. Lone (MS. Brit. Mus.), Yt hath bene th’ order of 

| antiant orators, .to. .incronicle all such worthye persons. 
1593 G. Harvey Pierce's Super, 115 Let it be enchronicled 
for one of the.. miracles of this age, that, etc. 

+ Enchw rch, v. Ods. rare. Also 8 inchurch. 
[f En-1 + Cuurcn.] ¢rans. To form into, or 
organize as, a church. Hence Enchu'rched £//. a. 

1681 Whole Duty Nations 64 If Two or three agree, and 
are..enchurch’d in my Name, I will bein the midst of them. 
1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr, v. 11. (1852) 283 Its communi- 
cation to the inchurched Gentiles. .is clearly held forth. 

Enciclopaidion, bad form of EncycLopap1ra. 

1693 W. Frexe Sed. Ess. i. i Let us..state any one of the 
Arts and Sciences in the whole Enciclopaidion. 

Encincture (ensinktiiix),v. [f. En-1 + Crvo- 
TURE sb.] ¢rans, To surround with, or as with, 
a belt or girdle ; to girdle. 

182x SHELLEY Prometh. Und, u. iii, (The lake] Encinc- 
tured by the dark and blooming forests. 1839 /raser’s Mag. 
XX. 44 Clusters of fire-flies. .encinctured green foliage. 

Enci‘ncture, sé. rare. [f. En-1+ Crncrure.] 
The process of surrounding as with a girdle; the 
fact of being so surrounded ; concy. an enclosure. 

1814 Worpsw. Excursion v. (1850) 143 The chancel onl 
showed .. marks of earthly state .. with the Encincture’s 
special sanctity But ill according. 188r H. G, Hewretr 
in 19 Cent. Aug. 296 The encincture of Kent on two or 
even three sides with water. 


Encinder : see En- pref.1 2. 

Enci (ensi‘fa1), v. Also 6 incipher. 
ff Ey-1+Crpuer sd.) ¢rans. a. To write (a 
etter) in cipher; to record in cipher. b. To 
combine in a cipher or monogram 7with. 

1577 Houinsuep Chron. III. 1229/2, I saw two letters, the 


146 
inciphered and the other disciphered. ife Father 
EE gl gy 2a 
7 his name to be enciphered with the 
"Encircle (enss'1k’l), v. Also 4 ?ensercle, 
7-8 incircle, (7 incireule). [f. EN-+Crncuz.] 
oe m Bote at canna To f 
a. i ies , etc.: To form 
a circle round, surround, b. "ro surround, gird, 
encompass with. 


la Morte Arth. The. .kynge..Ses theme alle in 
Pipes mpi by py ey With be Sarazenes 


in in +clav-ts key (Scheler), or c/av-us nail (Littré).] 
A portion of territory entirely surrounded by 
yo dominions. Also fig. 

» Durr Pol, Surv. 38 Russia looks upon them [the 
Roumans] as destined to be a mere enclave in a Slavonic 


enserchede [corrected (? conjecturally)in Gloss. to lede)} 
abowte. 1597 Suaks. 2 Hex. /V, 1v. ii. 6 Your Flocke. .En- 
circled bb to hear with reverence Your exposition. 161 
Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xxiv. 116 Incirculing their heads 
with this word, zternitas imperi. 1642 Howe. For. Trav. 
(1869) 46 Great Britaine being encircled by the Sea. .need not 
feare any one Earthly power. 1741 Richarpson Pame/a 1. 
106, I found myself incircled in the Arms of my.. Father. 
1775 R. Cuanpter Trav. Asia M. 1. 106 The ..were 
encircling the trunks with tar. 1775 Jounson Zax. no Tyr. 

2 Encircle with a diadem the brows of Mr. Cushing. 1844 

Lem. Babylonian P’cess U1. 20 Some of the nuns encircle 
their naked waists with a girdle of thorns. 1848 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng, (1. 295 The close which encircles the venerable 
cathedral. 

ce. transf. and fig. 

1774 GotpsM. Reta/. 83 Satire and censure encircled his 
throne. 1791 Cowper J/iad 1. 46 God of the silver bow, who 
with thy power EncirclestChrysa. 1833 Browninc Pauline 
24 Sense supplies a love Encircling me. a@1876 J, H. New- 
MAN Hist. Sk. 1. 1. iv. 171 The divinity which. .encircled 
the hideous form of Attila. 

2. To make a circling movement about (a person 
or thing). 

1598 Suaks. Merry W. 1. iv. 57 Then let them all encircle 
him about. 1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia uu. ii. 48 Till they 
had twice incirculed the fire. 1638 Witkins New World 1. 


(1684) 17 Jupiter hath four [Moons] that Incircle him with | 


their Motion. @1717 Parnett Hesiod, Rise of Woman 
(R.), Hermes. .Her brows encircled with his serpent-rod. 

Enci'reled, 7//. a. rare. Also 7 incircled. 
[f. prec.+-ED1.] In senses of the verb. 

1632 Lirucow TJotal/ Discourse 416 On the incircled plaine 
there groweth nothing but Wheate, Rye, Barley, Pease, 
and Beanes. 1 BiacxmorE Pr. Arth. vi. 566 Incircled 
Wrestlers now their Manhood try. 1789 T. WuarTety in 
Med. Commun. 11. 388, 1 .. attempted to separate the en- 
circled piece. 

Enci‘rcler (ensd1klo1). rare. Also 7 in- 
circler. [f. as prec. + -ER.] He who or that 
which encircles, girds, or surrounds, 

1631 Celestina v1. 75 O girdle, incircler of so incomparable 
acreature. 1831 E. Irvine £.xfos. Rev. I. 58 The supporters 
and encirclers of the throne of God. 

Encircling (enss-1klin), v/. sb. [f. ENcrncLe 
v.+-ING!.] The action of the vb. Enctrcrx. 

1632 Litucow Totall Discourse 265 About it [this chapel], 
I meane without the vtter sides of it, and the inward in- 
circlings of the compassing Quiere, there are alwayes burn- 
ing about fifty Lampes. 1836 Arnotp Left. (1844) II. viii. 
48 An image. .of the encircling of the everlasting arms. 

Encircling (enssklin), Zf/. a. Also in- 
circling. [f. as prec. +-1nG2.] That encircles. 

1632 LitHcow 7otadl Disc. 265 Within incircling bandes 
of pure Gold. 1633 P. Frercner Purple Isl. v. (R.), The 
third..is like a grape Which all entwines with his encircling 
side. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1. 526 A realm defended with incir- 
cling seas. 1832 J. H. NewMan Hymn, ‘ Lead, kindly Light,’ 
Amidst the encircling gloom Lead thou me on, 1871 FRree- 
MAN Norm. Cong.(1876)1V. xviii. 236 The minster looks down 
on the a stream of the Wear. 1873 W. Brack Pr. 
Thule ix. 138 The blinding white of the incircling hills. 

Encircular (enss‘1kila1), a. rare—'. [f. En-1 
+CrgouLar.] Circular. 

1804 J. Graname Saddbath (1839) 20/2 The host of heaven 
- adored. .nor changed their form Encircular. 

+Enci'rculize, v. Obs. rare—'. [see -12E.] 
trans. To surround as with a circle ; to hem in. 

5 [Scorr] Vox Coeli Ded. 4 To make his territories 
and Dominions encirculize great Brittaine and France, 

Encist: see En- Ad. 

+Encla, Ods. [obscure: prob. some error.] 
The throat or gullet. 

1541 R. Corpranp Quest. Chirurg. F ija, Wherof serueth 
the encla & the am’ les, and faulses..they serue to pre- 
pare the breth, /did. F ij b, ‘The throte called gulle or encla. 

Enclad (enkld), pple. rare. [f. EN-1+Cuap.] 
Ae to enclothed, pa. pple. of ENCLOTHE. 

1863 Sat, Rev. 386 Enclad in the spoils of wolf and of 
wild cat. 

Enclaim : see En- Jref-! 3. 

+Encla‘ret, v. Ods. rare-'. [f. En-1 + 
CLAREt.] ¢rans, To tinge with claret; to over- 
lay with a claret-like hue. 

1648 Herrick Hesper. I, 192 Cheeks like creame en- 


ted. 
Baslany (ckhve) v. Also 7 inclasp (in- 
claps). [f. En-1+Ciasp sd, and v.] ¢rans. To hold 
in or as in a clasp or embrace; to clasp tightly; 


also if. Hence Encla‘sping ///. a. 
1 11z-Gerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 14 Enclaspeth 
with her winged eminence The worlds orbicular circum- 
ference. 1607 Torsett Fourf. Beasts 196 You are ——— 
in .. inextricable nets, a@1618 J. Davies Bien Venu Wks. 
(1876) $@) O Union, that enclaspest in thyne armes All 
that in Heau’n and Earth is great or good. Cupwortn 
Serm. 1 Yohn ii. 3-4 (1676) 65 He.. inclaspeth the whole 


be 
of greatest. idea. ‘lator 2 Feb. 150 
human ves in an book. 1885 PadZ 


tending from Massabe to Red Point. 

Enclave, z. Her. Also inclave. [a. Fr. en- 
clavé, pa. p} fe. of enclaver to dovetail: see prec.] 
Of the of an ordi : Having a contour 
like that of a dovetail joint. So Encla‘ved #//. a. 

1661 S. Morcan SA. 1. i. 8 This chiefe issuing 
into the sable field may properly called Inclave, 
breaking forth into a label Cf tng in Baier 
vol. II. Enclave. 1828 Berry Encycl. Hi ica, Inclave, 
the same as pattée, or dovetailed. 

|| Enclavure, vave—'. [Fr.]=Enonave sd, 

185: Sir F. Parcrave Norm. & Eng. I. 637 In such en- 
clavures as we have dV doi: 
direct authority. 

+ Enclaw’ed, fc. pple. Obs. rare—'.. Of uncer- 
tain origin and meaning: Robson suggests the 
sense ‘ riveted’, in which case the word might be 
for enclowet, f. OF. encloué nailed. 

¢1420 Anturs of Arth, xxx, His mayles were mylke quyte, 
enclawet ful clene, 

Encleanse: see En- Aref. 3. 

+ Enclea‘r, v. Oés. Also 6 inclear, inclere. 
[f. Ex-1+ Crear a.] 

1. trans. To make bright or clear; to give clear- 
ness to (sight). a ry 
1 KELTON Me f2 myrrour incleryd is thi: 
Fh onal ig mer} rey ea Psalter cxix, Encleare my 

sight : and me reuiue. 

. To light up, illumine. /. and fg. 

1509 Barciay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. _Blynde man in- 
clere thy wylfull ignoraunce. c¢1510 — Mirr. ann. 
(1570) D ij, Christ hath inclered his minde with inwarde light. 
1580 Siwney Ps. Ixxvii, Light of lightnings flash Did pitchy 
cloudes encleare. 

|| En cle’re, adv. Ods. [? OF. phrase en cler ; 
cf. CLEAR a.] Drightty. 

a Sir Degrev. 106% sonne schonne en clere, 

+ Enclin, a. Obs. [a. F. enclin:—late L. in- 
clinis of same meaning, related to inclindre to 
InctinE.] Bowed —_ na 

¢c iler. Lyf. Manh, u. xxiv. (1 it ne were, 
aie Me: bo th we ben enclyn Boys hs hem. 

+ Enclinant, a. Ods, In 4 enclinaunt, en- 
elynaunt. [a. OF. enclinant, pr. pple. of encliner 
to InctInE.] a. ? Doing homage, submissive. 
b. loetines, peop (40). se 

I . BRUNNE ‘ace (Rolls) reomes 
ina ies Were indlinennt til his pinawer wig Waeue 
Exod, xxxii. 22 This puple .. is enclynaunt to yuel. — 
Prov. xxii. 9 Enclinaunt (v. 7. redi] to merci. 

Encline, obs. var. Inctrne sd. and v, 

Enclipse, incorrect form of EcLipsE v. 

1606 G. W[ooncocke] tr. Hist. Justine 110 b, The Moone 
was Encli, 

Bnclitio (enkli-tik), a. and sh Gram. Also 
8 enclytick. [ad. L. enclitic-us, a. Gr. éyedutic-ds, 
f, év on + «Alvew to lean.] 

A. adj. That ‘leans its accent on the preceding 
word’ (Liddell and Scott): in Greek ar 
the distinctive epithet of those words w have 
no accent, and which (when phonetic laws it) 
cause a accent to be laid on last 
syllable of the word which they follow, Hence 
applied to the analogous Latin particles -gue, -ve, 
-ne, etc., and in mod. use (with extension of sense) 
to those unemphatic words in other langs. that are 
treated in pronunciation as if forming part of the 
ee nee “yo Enclitick, that inclines 

LOUNT »y Enclitic or 
. Vv. (1786) 85 note, The Diver- 
Pad eke et Ee ys 


empire. 1870Contemp. Rev. XV. ag Spectator a Feb vse 


sity between the Cont 

clitic, is not unknown even to the English Tongue. 
Browninc 's Fun., Gave us the doctrine a. 
enclitic De. 1867 Rawttnson Avc. Mon, IV. iv. 227 The 
pronouns had in certain cases an enclitic form. 

B. sé. An enclitic word. 


say, ‘Give me content’, the me in this case is a perfect 
encli 1878 P. Grk. Gram. If several Enclitics 
pve Fm each ti ies acouas 08 the preceding. 


+ Enclitical (enklitikil), a. Ods. Also 
(erron.) enclytical. [f. as prec. + -AL.] 


ENCLITICISM, 


2. nonce-use. That leans against something. 
1773 Graves Sfir, Quix. u. vii. (D.), A little shed or en- 
clitical penthouse, 7 : 

Hence Encli'tically adv., in an enclitic manner, 
as an enclitic. 

1845 Sroppart in Encycl, Metrop.(1847)1.84/1 The Latin 

ue, used ay enclitically indeed in modern Latin. 1871 

ARLE Philol. Eng. Tong. § 598 (1880), The second and 
third words lean enclitically upon the first. 

Encliticism (enklitisiz’m). [f. as prec. + 
-IsM.] (See quot.) 

1887 Earte Philol. Eng. Tong. § 254 Accentual leaning 
on some other word. .is Encliticism [f7zuted Enclyt-]. 

Enclog: see En- pref.l 2. 

+Encloi‘ster, v. Also 7 encloystre, -ter, 
incloyster, incloister. [f. En-1+Ctorster: cf. 
F. enclottrer, and OF. encloistre sb., cloister.] 

1. ¢vans. To shut up in a cloister or monastery. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xxiv, Maids and widow’d queens 
Incloister’d that became. a1670 Hacker Cent. Serm. 
(1675) 221 Is., to be incloystered in an unmarried estate 
for ever, 

2. transf. and fig. To shut in; to immure or 
imprison ; to confine. 

1596 R. L. Diella, 1596 When day incloistred is In 
dustie pryson of laternall sight, 1627 Drayton Agincourt 
208 Poems .. In priuate chambers, that incloistered are. 
@ 1638 MeveE Ch. for Chr. Worship Wks. 11. 336 This notion 
of encloistering a Deity by an Idol. 1654 Sir R. Baker tr. 
Balzac’s Lett. to Card. Richelieu God hath not conferred 
such extraordinary endowments upon you, to be for ever 
encloistered within your self. 1670 Penn Truth Rescued 
49 They were not there encloyster’d for not agreeing in 
their Verdict. 1710 Brit. Apollo III No. gr. 2/r Such 
Damps could be. . Encloistered and Pent in. 

3. To furnish with cloisters. See ENCLOISTERED 2. 

+ Encloi‘stered, #//. a. Ods. Also 6 in- 
cloistered. [f. prec. +-ED1.] 

1. Shut up in cloisters or monasteries. 

15s0 Lever Serm. (Arb.) 73 Settyng abrode incloystred 


papistes. : ; : 

2. Surrounded by or furnished with cloisters. 

1622-62 HeYLIN ace i 1.(1682)232 Several Quadrangles, 
every one encloystered. 1632 Litucow Zotal/ Disc. 268 
Having incloystered lodgings ioyned to the walls thereof. 
Ibid. 444 The eleven incloystered petty Courts. | 

+ Enclose, sd. Obs. rare. [f. next; in Caxton 
perh. a. OF, enclos or enclose.] = ENCLOSURE. 

1. The space enclosed by a boundary; the 
precincts. 

1484 Caxton Cuvial (1888) 16 Wythin thenclose of thy 


pgue hous. ine 
. A letter or document enclosed within another. 

1648 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 32 Since my last, I received 
-- an enclose from Mr. Warcupp. 

Enclose, inclose (en-, inkléwz), v. Forms: 
a. (?4 encless), 6 encloyse, 4~ enclose. 8B. 5- 
inclose. [f. En-1 + Ciosx w., after OF. enclore 
(pa. pple. evclos) of same meaning. (Cf. INCLUSE.) 
The majority of recent Dicts. give zvclose as the 
typical form ; but the preponderance of usage (in 
England at least), as well as etymological pro- 
priety, is in favour of ezzclose.] 

1. trans. To surround (with walls, fences, or 
other barriers) so as to prevent free ingress or 
egress. 

a. ?ax1400 Morte Arth. 2396 Here es a knyghte in theis 
klevys, enclesside [?7ead enclosside] with hilles. ¢1430 
Lyne. Compl. Bl. Knt. vi, A parke, enclosed with a wal. 
1481 Caxton Myrr. u. iii. 67 The paradies terrestre..is en- 
closed with fyre brenriyng. 5 

c1400 Destr. Troy 848 In an yle.. This clene flese 

was inclosede all with clere water. 1523 FitzHers. Surv. 2 

And the felde be inclosed about. 1601 HoLtanp Pliny I. 91 

There is a gulfe of 516 miles, inclosed within the promon- 

tory or cape of the mountain Barce. 1611 Biste 2 Macc. i. 

hen the king inclosing the place, made it holy. 1716-8 

y M. W. Montacur Le?#té, I. xxxvi. 13) The gardens .. 

are inclosed with very high walls, 1743 J. Davinson Zneid 
vu. 185 And incloses it with a Parapet. F 

b. To fence in (waste or common land) with 

the intention of taking it into cultivation, or of 
appropriating it to individual owners. Also jig. 

1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 29 §2 Landes .. whiche .. be 
encloysed of newe with a Pale, 1523 Firzners. Surv. 2 It 
is at the lordes pleasure to enclose them and kepe them in 
= or pasture. 1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. VJ, 1. iii. 24 Against 
t S Dake of Suffolke, for enclosing the Commons of Mel- 
forde. 1725 De For Voy. round W, (1840) 5 It was not 
.. enclosed after the English manner. 1777 W. DALRYMPLE 
Trav. Sp. & Port. xvi, The late bishop improved this spot 
of ground .. by pining and inclosing it. 1833 Hr. Mar- 
TINEAU Brooke Farm i. 12 An Act of Parliament is to be 
obtained for enclosing Brook common. 

Jig. 1562 Apol. Private Masse (1850) 8 To enclose that 
to some one sort of private profit, that ought to remain in 
common. @1618 RaLeicH Maxims St. (1651) 43 Charles 
the fifth .. purposed to enclose their [the Netherlanders’ 
priviledges. 1667 Mitton P. Z, 11. 420 This round World, 
whose first convex divides The luminous inferior Orbs, en- 
clos’d From Chaos. 1668 Howe in H. R Life iv. (1863) 
126 It is an enclosed  igpesacty a joy which the stranger 
cannot intermeddle wit! Best 

2. To shut up in a room or building; to seclude, 
imprison. Obds. exc. with reference to monastic 
seclusion, 

a. c1325 £2. £. Allit. P.B. 334 Ofvche clene comly kynde 

seuen makez. 1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 219 The 
ir, men said, encl ¢ had Ane spirit. 1393 Gower 


1 


147 


Conf. 111. 200 Many a day .. he lay... Withinne walles fast 
enclosed. 1577 Hanmer Aunc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 147 Infinite 
multitudes were everywhere enclosed. c15g0 Mckaeowe 
Faust (2nd version) 120 In the strongest tower Enclose him 
fast. 1872 O. Suirtey Gloss. Eccl. Terms 169 The nuns live 
in community, but are not enclosed. 

. 1585 Asp, Sanpys Serm. (1841) 74. Manasses was never 
reclaimed until he was inclosed in prison. 1632 Liracow 
Totall Disc. 451 He caused inclose mee in a little Cabinet 
within the Parlour. 

+b. To put (a jury) in the ‘box’. Sc. Ods. 

1759 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) III. xxxix, 271 The jury was 
enclosed, of which the earl of Caithness was chancellor. 
1795, Scots Mag. LVII. 610/2 Eleven o'clock. .at which time 
the jury was inclosed. 

8. To insert in a frame or setting, or in a sur- 
rounding mass of material ; to shut up in a case, 
envelope, or receptacle. Also fig. 

a. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pers. 7. 965 Inthe orisoun of the Pa- 
ternoster hath oure heed een Crist enclosed most thinges. 
2a1400 Morte Arth. 506 And lettres hym bedes Of credence 
enclosyde. 1611 Biste Ax. xxxix.6 They wrought Onix 
stones enclosed in ouches of gold. x6rx Suaxs. Wint. 7. 
1. ii. 435 That lyes enclosed in this Trunke, which you Shall 
beare along impawnd. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 318 The Apple, 
Enclosed in Wax was ..Green and Fresh. 1 EveLyN 
Kal. Hort. (1729) 218 About the middle of this Month 
quite enclose your tender Plants. 

. 1611 Biste Song Sol. viii. g If she bee a dore, we 
will inclose her with boards of Cedar. 1713 Guardian 
No. 1 px A robe or mantle inclosed in a circle of foliages. 
1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 147 Whatever extraneous 
matter it finds is inclosed in the gum. 

b. In mod. use ess. : To place (a letter or docu- 
ment) for transmission within the cover of another. 
Also said of the containing letter. 

1768 Br. Warsurton Lett. Eminent Divine (1809) 422, 
I looked over my papers to see if I could explain the matter 
in another sheet, which I would have inclosed. Zod. 
(Comm.) 1 beg to enclose my price list. I have received 
his letter enclosing a cheque. 

4. In various occasional uses: 

+a. To blindfold (the eyes). Ods. 

1475 Caxton Fason 102 b, [Jason] made them to ere foure 
mesures of lond, enclosing their eyen. 

+b. To harness, put in the shafts. Ods. rare—}. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 111. 658 They went to coach, and did 
their horse inclose [Gr, gevyvuv7o]. 

+d. To fasten (a door). Ods. rare. 

1563 Brecon Articles Chr. Relig. xix, We celebrate the 
mysteryes, the dores beyng shut and enclosed. 

5. Of things: To surround, bound on all sides ; 
to envelop, contain. 

1340 Hampote Pr. Cousc. 6610 Pe sese .. encloses alle be 
erthe oboute. 1382 Wycur Yonah ii. 6 Depnesse encloside 
me. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s Anc. Hist. 1V. 1x. 294 A province 
enclosed between Cilicia and Cappadocia. 1834 M¢Murtrie 
Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 409 The semi-nymph only differs 
from the larva in the presence of the cases which enclose 
the wings. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary's Phaner. & 
Ferns 585 A normal cambium..encloses a large pith. 1887 
Stevenson Underwoods1. i. x A house with lawns enclosing it. 

b. Math. Of lines or surfaces: To bound on all 
sides (a portion of space) ; also (loosely) to inter- 
cept (an angle). 

1762 Simson Exclid’s Elem. Axiom, Two straight lines 
cannot enclose a space. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. § 2.15 The 
number of degrees in the angle enclosed by the two mirrors. 
1885 Watson & Bursury Math, The. Electr. § Magn. 1.63 
The space within any closed surface S’ enclosing S. 

6. Of an army, a number of persons, etc.: To 
surround, hem in on all sides. 

r6or SHaxs. Yui. C. v. iii. 27 Titinius is enclosed round 
about With Horsemen. 1611 BisLe Yudg. xx. 43 They in- 
closed the Beniamites round about. 1 Mitton P. LZ. 1. 
617 They .. half enclose him round With all his Peers. 
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch I. (1879) I. 125/1 The rest of 
the forces .. enclosed theenemy’s rear. 1865-6 H. Puituirs 
Amer. Paper Curr. 11, 91 Endeavor to enclose the British 
army and navy in the Delaware bay. 

+ Enclo'se, f//. Obs. In 5 inclose. [a. Fr. 
enclos, pa, pple. of enclore: see prec. Cf. En- 
CLUSE.] Used as pa. pple. of ENCLOSE v. 

201475 Sgr. lowe Degre 986 It was my stewarde, Syr Ma- 
radose, That ye so longe have kept inclose. 

Enclosed, inclosed (en-, inkldwzd), 7. a. 
[f. ENCLOSE v.+-ED1.] In the senses of the verb. 

1607 TorsELL Four-f. Beasts (1673) 361 To shew the food 
of tame and enclosed Lions. x AGE West Ind. xviii. 
(1655) 122 Which I shall observe with inclosed Parentheses as 
I goe along. 2797, Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 355 They 
a woody and heathy wastes to inclosed ground. 1848 

acauLay Hist. Eng. I. 312 A region .. which contained 
only three houses and scarcely any enclosed fields. 

+b. quasi-sd. ? A sealed letter. Obs. rave—'. 

c1645 Howett Lett. (1650) 11, 23 Yours of the third of 
August came to safe hand in an inclos’d from my brother. 

+ Enclo'sement. Obs. rare—1, [f. ENCLOSE 2. 
+-MENT.] = ENCLOSURE. 

1580 Hottypanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Toute closture, an en- 
closement. 1694 Cuitp Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 76 Regular and 
just inclosements of our forests. _ 

Encloser (enklawza1). [f. ENcLosE v. + -ER.] 

1. One who encloses ; es. one who appropriates 
common land (see ENCLOSE v. 1 b). Also fig. 

1597 J. KNewstus ——— 396 The number of his per- 
fect ones are become inclosers, and haue taken in this heauen, 
@1616 Braum. & FL. Scornful Lady u. iii, Thanks to my 
dear incloser, Master Mo. . 1633 G. Herserr Teniple, 
Ch. Porch iv, 1f God had laid all common, certainly Man 
would have been th’ incl 1633 M. New Way, 
§c. 1v. i, They call me .. grand encloser Of what was com- 


ENCLOSURE. 


mon. 1857 Toutm. Smiru Parish 468 The encloser would 
appropriate a permanent personal advantage. 1885 Spectator 
18 July 950/2 The rescue of Epping Forest from the en- 
closers. 

+2. transl. L. clusor (Vulg.), a literal rendering 
of Heb. 1100 masgér ‘one who closes’, a smith. 
Obs. rare}, P 

1382 Wycuir 2 Kings xxiv. 16 He ladde in to caytifte fro 
Jerusalem ,. craftise men, and enclosers, a thousand. 

Enclos‘ing, 72/.5d. [f. ENcLosE v. + -1NG1.] 

1. The action of the vb, Enctose in various 
senses. 

1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIIJ, c.g The recoueringe, inclosinge 
and inninge of ..Wappinge marshe. 1719 De For Crusoe 
(1840) I. x. 173, I began my enclosing of this piece of ground. 
1832 in Picton L’fool. Munic. Rec. (1886) 11. 355 The ne- 
cessity of the gradual inclosing of the strand. 

+b. The state of being enclosed. Ods. rare—'. 

1440 Hytron Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xvi, Pou 
sholdest ,. be mispaid with thy enclosyng. 

+2. concr. The setting of a gem. Obs. 

_ 1611 Biste Zx. xxviii. 20 They shalbe set in gold in their 
inclosings. é 

Enclosing (enklowzin), Ap7. a. [f. ENCLOSE v. 
+-1nG2,] That encloses. 

1856 Stantey Sinai § Pad. vii. (1858) 282 Within these two 
enclosing walls. 1873 Tristram Moadé xvi. 311 Within the 
enclosing colonnade we could find no traces of building. 

Enclosure (enklowziits, -01), Alsoin-. [a. OF. 
enclosure in same sense: see ENCLOSE v. and -URE.] 

1. The action of enclosing. a. sfec. The action 
of surrounding or marking off (land) with a fence 
or boundary ; the action of thus converting pieces 
of common land into private property. Also attrib. 
in Enclosure Act, Commisstoner. Also fig. 

An Enclosure Act is a private Act of Parliament authoriz- 
ing the ‘enclosure’ of common land in some particular 
locality. In many cases, however, the land dealt with by 
these Acts was not ‘common’ land in an absolute sense, 
but was private property encumbered with the right of 
commoning during a few weeks in autumn; and the usual 
procedure was to give each of the commoners a piece of 
land in absolute ownership as compensation for his sur- 
render of this right. 

1538 StarKEY England 98 To have so grete inclosurys of 
pasturys. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 49a, Three causes 
of disseisin of rente service .. rescous, replevine, and enclo- 
sure. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb, 1. (1586) 50 Vhe 
first needefull thing for a Garden is water. ‘The nexte to 
that is enclosure. 161x ScLateR A’ey (1629) 303 There is, 
then, no enclosure of this blessing of righteousnesse to any 
nation, person, sexe, or condition of men. 1631-2 Star 
Chamb. Cases (1886) 180 Suffer noe inclosures tending to 
depopulation, 1642 Futter Holy §& Prof. St. 11. ix, 86 The 
gifts and graces of Christians lay in common, till base envy 
made the first enclosure. 1776 Apam Smitu W, N.1.1. x1. 
160 The advantage of enclosure is greater for pasture than 
for corn. 1801r Strutt Sports & Past. 1.1.50 [Stow] attri- 
butes the decay of archery among the Londoners to the en- 
closures made near the metropolis, 1863 Fawcett Pol. Eco. 
Il. viii. (1876) 238 In the case of almost all these enclosures 
the interests of the poor have been systematically neglected. 
1872 E. Peacock Mabel Heron vi. 89 The enclosure com- 
missioner..had set out a wide road. 1883 SEEBoHM Zug. 
Village Community 13, Nearly 4000 Enclosure Acts were 
passed between 1760 and 1844. 

b. gen. The action of closing in, surrounding, 
etc. Somewhat rare. 

1605 Timme Quersitanus 11. Cc, Another most excellent 
lute for the like incloser is made of glasse and vermilion. 
1658 Sir T. Browne Aydriot. i. 35 The Agyptians .. by.. 
handsome Inclosure in glasses, contrived the notablest wayes 
of integral conservation. 1878 Foster Phys. m1. vii. § 1. 
531 The complete enclosure of the glottis .. is ..a part of 
the act of coughing. 

2. The state of being enclosed (in a monastery). 

1816 Mary ScHIMMELPENNINCK Biogr. Yansenius 1. 52 
She resolved, therefore, to re-establish that enclosure which 
the rule of St. Bennet so strictly enjoins. 1872 O. SHirLey 
Gloss. Eccl. Terms 179 The nuns keep strict enclosure, and 
lead the contemplative life, 

3. That wherewith something enclosed: a. An 
encompassing fence or barrier ; buildings round a 
court. Also fig. 

1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 59 There was a boke made 
and send up to the commyns of Cornwalle and Devynshere 
.. be cause of their rysynge and pullynge downe of in- 
closeres. 1594 Piat Fe2well-ho. 1. Chem. Concl. 33 Pales 
and other enclosures. 1725 Pope Odyss. vu. 145 Th’ allotted 
space of ground, Fenc’d with a green enclosure all around. 
1742 Younc Mt. Th. 1v. 93, I see the circling hunt, of noisy 
men, Burst law’sinclosure. 1754 Pocockr 7rav, (1889) II. 
72 Acourt of large buildings .. the enclosure of the court 
seems..very old. 1823 Scorr Quentin D. iii, The second 
enclosure rising higher than the first. 

b. An outer covering or case; an envelope. 

1894 PLat Yewell-ho. u1. Chem. Concl, 2 All the outwarde 
couers and enclosures whatsoeuer. 1595 Markusm Sir R. 
Grinvile cxxii, O why should such... enuie dwell, In_the 
inclosures of eternall mould? x60r Cornwattyes Disc. 
Seneca (1631) 39 He that aspireth to this ep to the starres, 
must... make apt his grosse inclosure of earth, 1633 P. 
Fietcuer Pisc. Ecl. 1. v, The raw blossome of my youth 
was yet In my first child-hood’s green enclosure bound. 

A. That which is enclosed: a. A space included 
within or marked off by boundaries. 

1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr, Tong s.v. Pourprendre, The 
roote of that tree did occupy in compasse a great inclosure. 
1636 Heatry Epictetus’ Man, 106 In the greatest enclosure 
of all, there was a gate, 1772 Priestiey /ust, Relig. (1782) 
I. 413 The whole inclosure was .. converted into a chace. 
1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 131/1 We were seated in the 
enclosure of St, James’s Park. 1864 Skeat Vilas Poems 

—2, 


ENCLOTHE. 


36x, I .. Sell fortress, town, and hill, With servants, rents, 
inclosures, woods. 

b. A document or letter enclosed within the 
cover of another. 

Mod. _{ have received your letter with its enclosures. 

Enclothe (enklé»’3), v. [f. Ex-1+Ciorue v.] 
trans. To clothe, cover, invest. 

1832 Fraser's Mag. V1. oes. It enclothes the banks with 
a peas of light and glory. Mrs. Browninc Prometh, 
Bound Poems 1850 I. = End lothed with wings. 1885 w. 
K. Parker Mammal. Desc, iii. 60 The three membranes 
that enclothe the embryo. 

Encloud (enklau'd), v. Also 6-7 enclowd, 7 
incloude, -owd. [f. En-!+Cxoup s6.] trans. To 
surround with or envelop in a clou to over- 
shadow, darken. Also Je. Hence Enclouded 
Ppl. a. ne id 

x Spenser Virg. Gnat 571 The heauens on euerie side 
fl aba ceigeone eae Davison Rhapsody (1611) 25 Dark- 
nesse oft fer light incloudes. 1606 SHaxs Axt. § CZ. v. ii. 
212 In their thicke breathes shall we be enclow ed, 1610 
Heatey St. Aug. hy of God i. xxi. (1620) 31 Mortall men 

. are most commonly inclowded in a mist of jorance and 
errour. a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon, (1642) 117 Stars 
are enclowded oftentimes. /did. 126 Now for the secret 
and enclouded sense. 1844 A. WeLpy Poems (1867) 11 When 
death’s shadows my bosom encloud. 1 R. VauGHAN 
Mystics (1860) I1. 1x. iii, 141 Mark the advantage of this 
enclouded state. 

+Enclow’, v. Obs. rare—'. (see ENCLAWED). 
[ad. OF. enclo-er, f. en in + clou nail.) trans. 
To nail up. 

c1430 Pilger. Lyf. Manhode 1. cxvii. (1 
nailes with which was nayled the sone of t 
mailes weren enclowed. 

+ Encloy’, v. Oss. [a. OF. encloye-r, encloér 
(mod. exclouer), to drive ina nail. Cf. prec. and 
AccLoy.] trans. To lame or maim by driving in 
anail. Also fig. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 47 And halted, as he were encloied. 
1430 Lypc. Bochas (1558) vit. xxi.18 False ambicion and 
— duplicite Hath many a realme & many a land en- 
cloied 

Enclude, obs. form of IncLUDE. 

+Enclu'se, jf/e. and ppl. a. Obs. Also in- 
cluse. [a. OF. enclus, ad. L. incliis-us, pa. pple. 
of inclidére: see INcLUDE.] Enclosed: chiefly 
said of monks or nuns. 

¢1340 Hampote Prose Tr. (1866) 42 3a and pou sall be safe 
as ane ankir incluse. c 1420 Path . on Hush, vy. 261 The 
caules that of seede encluse uppe wynde Wol bygger be. 
©1440 Hytron Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. lx, As done 
se? a a ancres encluse and true religyous. 

uster: see En- pref.) 2. 

Encoach: see EN- pref.1 1 a. 

Enco’ffin, v. Now rare. Also 7 encoffen. 
[f. En-1+Corriy.] ¢rans. To put into a coffin ; 
hence, to shut up, hide away. Also fig. 

Hence Enco‘ffining wé/. sé. 

1598 E. Gitrin Séad. (1878) 54, I had rather be encoffin’d 
in this chest. 1631 WeEvER Anc, Fun. Mon. 868 His bones 
were .. solemnly encoffined in the Chancell. 1670 Penn 
Case Liberty Consc. 15 They condemn the Papists for en- 
coffening the Scriptures ..in an unknown tongue. 1856 
Chamb. Frnl. V. 214 The Seeing - . of the dead was 
regarded as of greater co uenc 

neofinment (en ay, 
-MENT.] The action of encoffining. 

1882 R. K. Doucias China xvi. 294 The encoffinment 
takes place on the third day after death, 

Encoil, Encolden : see En- fref.1 1, 3. En- 
collar, Encolumn: see En- pref.1 2. 

Encolour (enkyz'lai), v. [f. En-1+Co tour sd. 
Cf. OF. encolour-er.] trans. To put colour upon, 
tinge. Hence Enco‘louring v//. sé., concr. a tinge 
or colouring overlaid. 

1648 Herrick Hesfer. 1. 181 Wings, With thousand rare 
encolourings. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 309 Oval 
cheeks, encoloured faintly. 

Encolure (enkoliae 1). nonce-wd. [a. Fr. en- 
colure the neck of an animal.] Used by Browning 
for: The mane (of a horse). 

1855 Browninc Statue § Bust in Men §& Wom. 1. 157 
Hair .. Cris; like a warsteed’s encolure. 

Eneom r, -ment, obs. ff. EncumBEr, etc. 

Encomiac (enkdw'mi;&k), a. nonce-wi. [f. Gr. 
eyx@pu-ov (éros) ENCOMIUM Ed -ac.] Of or per- 
taining to eul 

1869 Sek te tins 1 230 ~ ‘study of the Greek of 
ro “aged especially in his encomiac and more heroic 
idylls, 3 

+Encomiasm. Ods. rvare—'. [as if. ad. Gr. 
*eynapiacp-a, f. éyeapdtew : see next.) A lauda- 
y discourse, panegyric. 

pea Creed vu. xxvii, This author’s encomiasm 
of wisdom. 

Encomiast (enkdumi,xst). [ad. Gr. éyxw- 
paot-hs, f. &yxapmacew to praise, laud, f. éyxd- 
pov ENcomiuM.] One who com or pronounces 
an encomium ; a praiser, eul , flatterer. 

r610 G. Fietcuer Christ's Vict. ye Of faire Eclecta . 
the... smooth Encomiast. a Bacon a Eliz. Mor. & 
Hist. Wks. (Bohn) 492 The only proper e 
lady is time. 7. in Pettigrew Lettsom (a (1817) unt 
304 Having “endataien the office of the Moprepeny, net 
that 


of ar encomiast. . 1875 Jowett Plato 2) III. 132 


) 6x With the 
e smith .. the 


[f. prec. + 


148 


We hear the encomiasts of Homer affirming that he is the 
educator of Hellas. 
oe. Obs. rare. [as if ad. Gr. 
KOMATTHP = puaoTHSs : see = prec. 
sarge Gut Vind. Cone ey ne ‘ou may see 
how far you may trust this eloquent 
(enkdu:mi,z'stik), a. and sd. [ad. 
Gr. éynwpiacrin-ds, f. eyxopatev: see Enco- 
MIAST. 
re That conveys or confers an encomium ; 


laudatory, commendatory, eulogistic. 
1599 B. fonson C. Aes 2) a 
encomiasticke agen Se oe etropolis. 1630 Bratu- 


wait Eng. Gentil. whieg hn re 
these encomiasticke esse praises. 
1795 R. Anperson Brit. por hy 448 An Ode, v which, enen 
less elevated, has some fine encomiastic strains. 184x Hor. 
Sita to Fa Max \. v. 154, 1 made a slight encomiastic 
allusion to Fanny Hartopp. 

+B. sb. A eulogistic discourse or composition ; 
a fly encomium, Obs. 

1632 B. Jonson Magn. Lady 1. i, I thank you, master 
Compass, for your short Encomiastic. shes Some CARTER 
Nail hit on the head (1647) 39 A sumptuous and ificent 
Sepulchre .. and upon it written Encomiastiques, the high 
_— of his vertue. 1707 Hearne Colt. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 

I. 25 Sends an ‘ Enc * to be to Hudson's 
— of Dionysius. 18.. Moore Devil Schol. 584 

Wise Encomiastics Upon the Doctors and Scholastics. 

Encomiastical (enkéu:mi,-stikal), a. [f. prec. 
+-AL.] = ENCOMIASTIO a. 

1592 . Hanvey Pierce's Super. 59 This deserveth a more 
famous encomiasticall oration. 1691 Woop A¢h. Oxon. II. 
112 A white marble table, and thereon an Epitaph .. with 
encomiastical Verses. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1815 Serib- 
bleomania 25 Plaudits encomiastical, That stride on stilts, 
bombastical. 

Enco:mia'stically, adv. rare. 
-LY2.] In an encomiastical manner. 

a 1631 Donne Lett. (1651) 32 If I have not spoken of your 
Majesty encomiastically. 1871 Athengzum 9 Sept. 339 A 
short notice .. written in good taste, if a little too encomi- 
astically, 

+ Enco'miate,v. Ods.vare—'. [f. Encomi-um 
+-ATE.] ¢rans. To pronounce an encomium upon ; 
to extol, commend. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 146 They encomiate Phlebotomy 
chiefly for that end. 

mco’mion. Oés. The Gr. form of Enco- 
MIUM ; occas. used in 16th and 17th c. 

1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. w. ii. 69 You have a 
simple servant here, that crownes your beauty with such 
encomions. a 1640 Jackson Creed x1. xlvi, Mellifluous en- 
comions of divine love. 1646 G. Danie Poems Wks. 1878 
I. 88 How deckt In her Encomions ffollie doth appeare. 

+ Enco'mionize, v. Ods. rare. [f. prec. + 
-1zE.) trans. To pronounce an encomium upon; 
to eulogize. 

1599 Nasue Lent. Stuffe 23 Tart and galingale. .Chaucer 
reg ag reer encomionizeth aboue all... confectionaries. 

647 R. Baron C 4 es Acad. 7o Hark. : how I anatomize 
M Julietta, and her pth nal 

i Julieta an (enkéumidm). P/. encomiums ; 
also (now rarely) encomia. Also ENcomIon. 
[a. L. encdmium, ad. Gr. éyxapov (éros) eulogy.] 
A formal or high-flown expression of praise; a 


eulogy, panegyric. 
1589 PutrennaM £1 ng. Poesie 1. xx. (Arb.) 58 The immortall 
gods were Pree! by hymnes, the great Princes and heroicke 
es es of praise called Encomia. 1613 
Beaum, re Fi... ‘eae Man's Fort. 1. i, You..Should sing 
encomiums on’t [marriage]. 1711 SreEeLe Sfect. No. 139. 
P3 If we consider this wonderful Person, it is Perplexity to 


a — more than 


[f. prec. + 


know where to begin his Encomium. 1 Dickens Old 
C, Shop xxx, He brought in the bread, cheese and beer, 
with many high encomiums upon their excellence. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 139 Many tales, and praises, 
encomia of ancient famous men, 

+b. abstr. Obs. rare. 

1784 Cowrer Task vi. 715 Encomium in old times was 
poets’ work. 


Encommon: see En- fref.! 2. 
+ Encomme'nd, v. Ols. vare—!. [a. Sp. en- 
comendar in same sense, f. en- (see EN-!) + comen- 


dar to COMMEND.) ¢rans. To entrust (a military 
function). 
, 1598 Barrer Theor. eaen v. i. 121 Encommended and 
d vpon p 1g 
+ Enco'mpany, v. Obs. ~ [ad. OF, encom- 


paignier, f. en- (see EN-1) + compaignie Company.] 
1. trans. To accompany. 
1494 vaxeay vi, 5t5 The sayd prouost be 
pan: «viii. score Ps .cc, men. was hoon nae ‘Answ. 
Poioned B Bh. Wks. 1088/1 Theyr glose pon of faythe not 
alone, but encompanied with two good felowes perdye. 


. To bring into company, associate. ee to. 
1830 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) Encom- 
panyed by maryage to ony persone .. ayenst an) erte, 


Encompass (enkv'mpis), v. Also 6-8 in- 
compass. [f. EN-1+Compass.sd.; cf. obs. Sp. 
oa ar of equivalent formation. 7 

‘o encircle as a ring or girdle; to surround, 
Rdg on all sides. 

a. = Decades W. Ind. 1. v1.(Arb.) 161 The northe 
ple” ich the a sea oe te me vnder northe 
- le. 


1725 De pry 
Pon vou round W Ww. anes) 130 A ki 


ofa bv encompassed all 


Behind are 
Tee aan Presta rg Jrel. Wks. my 
declared the ot thal 


stones i 

79 This 

a girdle. 2659 Haon On Pe Ce poner Siri 
1733 


is incompast with Tigris and Euphrates. 


(Dk. Buckhm.) Was. 3753) II. 221 My iron pallisade that 
—— a sq 

2 persons: To surround, form a circle about, 
whether for ion, in attendance, or with 
hostile intent. Also fig. Also aésol. 


oF 


1794 
Swirt 7. Tub I. 36 Ei ith of 
tobe tak ncompassed with a ee 


1781 Ginnon Dec: F. I. xxx. 2 
d with d iz 


was P tes ENNYSON ene 
Mem. cxxvi, ii, 1. .sleep E: "d by his faithful guard. 

B. 1590 Wenpe Trav. thy i ‘Turkes power did 
incompasse Prester I sot SHAKs. 1 Foca Vi, 


ui al Gaeta lustfull 

aramours. a 

I was now Incompased with ters) ot 
+b. Of right lines: To contain, goat (an 

angle). Obs. rare—1. 

1660 Barrow Luclid 1. xlvii. Probl. 3 The sides A B, AC, 
eens the right angle. 

+3. To make a circuit about, go all round (any- 
thing). Ods. 

1640 Witxins New Planet vii. (1707) 216 The Planets .. 
do by their Motion encompass the te of the Sun. 1654 
Gayton Pleas. foicg tah iv.192 Drake encompass’d the wor 
with a ship. Swirt Gulliver i. i. 179, I 
it almost rou fore I could find a convenient to 
land in. Coox Voy. (x 99) 1 IV. 1275 Mr. en- 
mead the hill, and joined 

4. To surround entirely, overlay as with an en- 
velope or shell ; to contain. 

1553 Even Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 35 A thinne skinne .. 
encompassing the shell pe = ear 1571 ES Pantom. 
1v. xxv, This figure . of a sph 
1626 Bacon one § 587 ~ Seek of Wheat . - encompassed 
with a case of Wood. 1650 Baxter Saints’ ‘R. 1. vii. (1662) 
102 Had onely Faith to live upon, and were aX. 
with flesh. 1678 Hospes Nat. Philos. ix. are, 5 
nothing had encompassed the Earth but Air. 1794 G. 


4 


Nat. & Exp. Phil. ve 56 They are kept together ee air 
that incompasses them in the receiver. H, E. Manninc 
Mission H. Ghost vii. 192 Walk in the light with which He 


encompasses you. 
+ 5. nonce-use. To outwit, take advantage of, 
‘ get round’ (a person). Obs. 
oo Merry Wu. ii. 158 Ah ha, Mistresse Ford 
and Mistresse Page, haue I encompass’d you? 
Enco‘mpasser. rare. [f. Encompass v. + 
=) One who or that which encom 


. Smitu Old Age (ed. 2) 241 Vessels .. which bring 
home A e noble oe the encompassour of the Tittle 
or’ 
Enco'm , vl. sb, [f. ENcompass v. 


+ -InGl] The action of the vb. ENCOMPASS. 

"nis Rasen Mileraneas Ixi. 166 They meet in some foreign 
region, where the of gers unites them 
closer. 

Encompas (enky'mpasin), ms a. [f. En- 
COMPASS v.+-ING*.] That encom 

1571 DicGes mig ree 1v, xxiii, His encompassing Icosae- 
 mplinaed side is an Apotome. 1724 Wane tent Cre me 121 


are A" Walls and 
Paw ‘Malt G. ny ae Emperor <a eae 
fought his way out - TE 


ae 
passment (enksmpismént). rare. 

[f. Encompass v, + ee 

1. The action of encoi ing; ‘+ ‘talking 

round’ a subject (ods. aon 

ae cal th ot ee ding By this encompasse 

ment 

2. The state of being encom 


m2 Obs. rare—*. [f. Excom- 

PASS v.+-URE.] That which encompasses; en- 
vironment. 

a Tourneur 7vansf. Met. \xxvii. 536 Fogs, damps, 


stones, their sole encompassure. 
“} Bnoomy. Ods, rare. Anglicized form of 
porey~ Ellis Orig. Leti Il Diverse 
t. le 
ater encomyes - en of chien 1542 B Brcox David's 
Wks. t 
conten, Inds, sod pradoes: e004 Bal in Sel Wi ) 
7 Many ites . ohh i 
ations pte encomies of 
Hnoorbeliment (c ey 
CoRBEL + -MENT ; after Fr. encordel. 


[f. En- + 


1886 Batpw. Brown Schola to Cathedral iv, 1 note, A 

arch or vault formed ment (i. €. the con- 

tinuous epee Aspe i: course over the one 
w it 


(ahkp'r, often gnk6ex), dt. and sb. 


Also 8 encora. [a. Fr, encore still, (in some 
contexts translated by ‘ ”); cf. the synonym- 
ous Pr. encara, enquera, encara, It. ancora. 
(Usually these words have regarded as:—L, 


fe ee ee eee ee eee 


vPro 


: 
5 
‘a 
: 
j 


ENCORE. 


(in) hanc horam until this hour; but the phono- 
logy is not wholly clear, and other explanations 
have been proposed, e.g. by Havet in Romania, 
VIII. 94.) The use of It. Ancora occurs in Eng. 
equally early; the form evcora in 18th c. is due to 
confusion between the Fr. and the It. word. 

There appears to be no evidence that either the Fr. or the 
It. word was ever similarly used in its native country. The 
corresponding word both in Fr. and It. is 47s; in It. da 
capo was formerly used.] 

A. int, Again, once more: used by spectators 
or auditors to demand the repetition of a song, 
piece of music, or other performance, that has 
pleased them. 

1712 Sterte Sfect. No. 314 ?g Whenever any Gentlemen 
are particularly pleased with a Song, at their crying out 
Encore .. the Performer is so obliging as to sing it over 
again. 1766 Anstey Bath Guide (1767) 114 Pray speak to 
Sir Toby to cry out encore. 1781 i’ oorE View Soc. It. 
(1795) I. 189 A Duo.. drew an universal encora from the 
spectators. 1825 Hone Lvery-day Bk. 1. 1464 Loud shouts 
of ‘encore’ roused him. 

B. sb. A call for the repetition of a song, etc. ; 
the repetition itself. Also attrib. 

1763 J. Brown Poetry & Mus. xii. 206 If the Audience 
were warmed by the Subject of an Opera .. the Encore, 
instead of being desireable, would generally disgust. 1811 
Byron Hints from Hor. 310 His anguish doubling by 
bis own ‘encore’, 1839 Dickens Wich. Nick xxii. That’il 
be a double encore if you take care, boys. 1883 Athenaune 
2 June 697/3 There is nothing in the twenty pages .. to 
warrant an encore. ce Ba Moore Mummer’s Wife (1887) 
192, I know all the words except the encore verse. od, 

o encores allowed. 

Enco‘re, v. [f. prec.] ¢vans. To call ap- 
plaudingly for the repetition of (a song, etc.); to 
demand a repetition from (a performer). 

1748 RicHarpson Clartssa (1811) III. 341 They encored it. 
1754 — Grandison (1781) VI. xxxi. 204 The wretches .. en- 
cored him [Sir Charles] without mercy. 1826 Miss Mitrorp 
Village Ser. 11. (1863) 268, I got a part of the audience .. to 
encore my swoon. 1863 Mrs. C. CrarKxe Shaks. Char. iv. 
98 The idea of a man pluming himself on the possibility of 

ing encored in a roar. 1879 FroupeE Czsar xiii, 182 
Lines .. reflecting on Pompey .. were encored a thousand 
times. 

b. transf. To go over again (xonce-use). 

1806 BeresrorD AZzseries (ed. 5) I. 24 Till you are. .neces- 
sitated to turn back, and encore all your sufferings. 

Encoronall, Encoronet: see Ey- pref1 1 b. 

Encorownment, var. of ENcROWNMENT, Ods. 

Encorporate, obs. form of INcoRPORATE. 

+ Enco‘rpore, v. Ods. Also 5 encorpere. 
[a. OF. encorpore-r, ad. L. tncorporare to In- 
CORPORATE. ] 

1. intr. in Alchemy: To form one body with; 
to amalgamate. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Chan. Ven., Prol. §& T. 262 Oure matires 
enbibyng And eek of oure matires encorporyng. c¢ 1460~ 
Bk. Quintessence 13 Putte be element of watir .. vponj 
of mater and putte by vij daies to encorpere wel. 

2. ¢rans. To insert in a body of documents ; to 
enrol or enter in the records of a court. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccxii. 260 We woll .. that the 
sayd letters before encorpored, be of none effecte. 


+Enco'rsive, 2. Obs. rare. [f. OF. encorser 
to make flesh, grow fat, f. ex in+OF. cors (F. 
corps body +-if, -IVE.] Fat, fleshy. 

a a Hampo.e Cant., Psalter 516 Encorsyfe is pe lufyd 
e kest vp. 
cortif, erroneous f. of encorsif, ENCORSIVE. 
yclif’s Sel. Wks. (1869) III. 36 (from Hampole: see 
ENcorsivE.)] 

Encortin, obs, f. ENcuRTAIN. 

Encouch: see En- pref 1 a. 

Encounter (enkawntoaz), sd. Forms: 3 en- 
contre, 5 encountre, 6- encounter. Also 6-8 
incounter. & OF. encontre masc. and fem, (cf 
Pr. encontre, Sp. encuentro, It. zncontro), f. late L. 
incontrare; see next.] A meeting face to face. 

1. A meeting face to face; a meeting (of adver- 
saries or opposing forces) in conflict; ence, a 
battle, skirmish, duel, etc. 

1297 R. Gtouc. (Rolls) 8051 He vond hard encontre in 
norphumberlande. cua Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5083 But than 
cam encountre strong Folk of higher Inde among. 1575 
Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 542 How unseemly 
an encounter is this, wherein the flesh being matched against 
the spirit..striveth with him for victory. 1586 T. B. La 
Primaud, Fr, Acad. 1. (1589) 104 An incounter of their 
armies, wherein Czsar, being at that time the weaker, had 
the woorst. 1594 Suaks. Rich. I//, 1. ii, 115 To leaue this 
keene encounter of our wittes. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. m1. 718 
Winds the signal blow To joyn thir dark Encounter in mid 
air. 1672 Marve. Reh. Transp. 1. 229, 1..have no heart 
to this incounter. 1828 Scotr F. /. Perth i, In these vales 
-. the Saxons .. and the Gael .. had many a desperate and 
bloody encounter. 1853 RoBertson Serv. Ser. 11. xvii. 221 
We wust shrink from the encounter with death, 

+b. attrib. Obs. rare. 

_1598 Stow Surv. xxxix. (1603) 386 [A champion in the 
lists says] Though my horse fayle me I will not fayle an 
incounter companion. - 

2. The fact of meeting with (a person or thing), 
esp. undesignedly or casually. Const. of, with. 

1656 Finert For. Ambass. 22 In case he should be put 
to it upon any incounter of negotiation or otherwise. 1665 


149 


Evetyn Mem. (1857) 111. 161 We are infinitely defective as 
to. .excuses .. upon sudden and unpremeditated encounters. 
a@ 1699 Lavy Hatxetr Autobiog. (1875) 9, I must here relate 
a little odd Incounter. 1 Gopwin Cal. Williams 230 
The state of calamity to which my. . persecutor had reduced 
me, had made the encounter even of a den of robbers, a 
fortunate adventure. a 1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 93 

here was constant risk of an encounter which might have 
produced several duels. 1870 Emerson Soc. §& Sodit. Wks. 
(Bohn) III. 5 The encounter with superior persons on terms 
allowing the happiest intercourse. 

+b. An amatory interview. Ods. rare. 

1599 Suaks. Much Ado m1. iii. 161 The Prince .. saw a far 
off in the Orchard this amiable incounter. /dd. tv. i. 
Who hath indeed most like a liberall villaine, Confest the 
vile encounters they haue had A thousand times in secret. 

+e. An accosting, address. Obs. Cf. ENCOUNTER 
v. 7. 
1sgt Suaxs. Two Gent. 1. vii. 41 For I would preuent 
The loose encounters of lasciuious men. 

+ 3. Manner of meeting another ; style of address, 
behaviour. Ods. 

1596 Suaks, Tam. Shr. wv. v. 54 That with your strange 
encounter much amazed me, 1602 — Ham. V. ii. 197 The 
tune of the time, and outward habite of encounter. 1611 
— Wint. T. 1. ii. 50 With what encounter so uncurrent I 
have strained to appear thus. 

+4, An idea that suddenly presents itself, as it 
were by accident ; a happy thought. Ods. rare. 

1651 Honpes Leviath. 1. viil. 34 Many times with encoun- 
ters of extraordinary Fancy. 1678 — Nat. Philos, i. 11 
Wonder .. I never thought upon’t before, for it is a very 
happy encounter. : b 

. The fact of being met with ; occurrence. rare. 

1870 LowEtt Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 203 Things of 
daily encounter. 

+6. Proposed as a name for the rhetorical figure 
ANTITHESIS. Ods, rare}. 

1589 Puttennam Lung, Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 219 Ye haue 
another figure very pleasant and fit for amplification, which 
to answer the Greeke terme, we may call the encounter. 

Encounter (enkawntoz), v. Also 4 en- 
countre, 6-8 incounter. [a. OFT. excontre-r, a 
Com. Romanic word, = Pr., Sp., Pg. encontrar, 
It. zxcontrare :—late L. tncontrare, f. in in + contra 
against.] 

. trans. To meet as an adversary; to confront 
in battle, assail. Sometimes adso/. with reciprocal 
sense. Also fig. 
¢1300 St. Brandan 411 And encountrede this lithere fisch 
and smot to him faste. 1475 Caxton Yason 6 They that 
encountrid hercules. ¢ 1500 Lancelot 3261 And ywons king 
.-Encounterit hyme in myddis of the gren. 1577 Vavu- 
TROUILLIER Luther on Ep. Gal. 146 But let us suffer the law 
and the promise to encounter together. 1601 Hottanp 
Pliny I. 544 Astonied at the sight of a monstrous bull let 
loose and ready to incounter him, 1624 Capt. Smitu Vir- 
ginia \, 2 He was provided with a Navy able to incounter 
a Kings power. 1626 Mean in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 336 ILI. 
250 The Duke was hotly encountered by the Sailors about 
this day sennight. 1697 DrypEeNn Virg. Georg. 1v. 125 They 
challenge, and encounter Breast to Breast. 1781 GisBon 
Decl. & F. 11. x2xviii. 394 The two kings encountered each 
other in single combat. 1792 Burke Pres. St. Affairs Wks. 
VII. 90 Enemies very different from those she has hitherto 
had toencounter. 1851 Creasy Decés. Battles (1864) 187'To 
encounter Varus’s army in a pitched battle. 

+b. zntr. Const. against, usually with. Obs. 

1530 Wotsey in Cavendish Life (1825) I. 324 Against 
whom the King was constrained to encounter in his royal 
person. 1555 aes Decades W, Ind. i. 1. (Arb.) 107 En- 
counteryng with them, he was repulsed with shame and 
d 1 templ. State of Man. (1699) 109 That 
dreadful day wherein the Army of Vengeance .. are to en- 
counter with the Army of Sin. 1728 R. Morris Zss. Anc. 
Archit. 18 The single Enemies I have to encounter with. 

+2. trans. To go counter to, oppose, thwart; to 
contest, dispute. Also adsol. Obs. 

1549 CovERDALE Evasm. Par. Rom. 17 But some one 
will againe encounter and saye. 1583 GoLpING Cadvix on 
Deut. vi. 32 When they withstand God and incounter his 
Word. 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie i. xxiii. (Arb.) 276 
Nothing is so vnpleasant to a man, as to be encountred in 
his chiefe affection. 1638 Penit. Conf. vi. (1657) 99 Saint 
Augustine incountring that opinion..reasoneth thus. 1677 
Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 79 From the intrinsecal nature of 
the things that encounter the possibility of an eternal suc- 
cessive duration in them. 1786 Burke Art. agst. W. 
Hastings Wks, XII. 144 The evidence of this man, not 
having been encountered at the time. 

+b. zntr. Const. with. Obs. 

1677-8 Marve. Corr. No. 340 Wks. 1872-5 II. 604 Lest 
I should happen to incounter with our proceedings. 

+3. trans. To be placed mppomite, or in opposite 
directions, to (each other). Ods. 

1610 Guittim Heraldry v1. v.(1660) 405 She beareth. .three 
Swords barwayes proper, the middlemost encountring the 
other two. " 

+b. zntr. Const. with. Ods. 

1659 Leak Water-wks. 34 There are Pins AE, incountr- 
ing with Pins which are ii PH. 

. To meet, fall in with (a person or thing), 
esp. casually. Sometimes aéso/. Also fig. 

I a Lis P. Pl. C. x1x. 240 § Treys encountre treys,” 

= e ‘in godhede and in manhede’. 1480 Caxton Chron. 
E . Ill. (1520) 26/1 Pompei and he encountred togyder. 
1 Fox_in Pocock Rec. Ref_1. 141 Encountering Mr. 
Silvester Darius in the same pe. 1614 Rateicu //ist. 
World 11. 395 Two men should incounter him by Rahel’s 
Sepulchre. 1662 Evetyn Chalcogr, (1769) 56 Some rare 
things in stampi to be encoun! amongst the collections 
of the curious. 1776 Jounson in Boswell (1816) III. § 49 


ENCOURAGE. 


The most extraordinary young man that has encountered 
my knowledge. 1822 Byron Werner. i. 322 We never 
met before, and never ..may again encounter. 1860 Tyn- 
DALL Glac. 1. § 8. 57, I encountered a considerable stream 
rushing across it [the glacier]. 1875 Hamerton /ntedl. Life 
ut. iii. 91 He knew the dictionary meaning of every word 
he encountered. 
+b. zxtr. Const. wth. Obs. 

1632 Lirucow 7rav. v. 190 A Christian Amaronite, who 
accidently encountred with vs. 1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. 
1. 142 It would be difficult to quote twenty lines in Mr. 
Bayes but we should encounter with the Roman Empire. 
brag I. 67 xv. Some how or other my eye encountered 
with Miss Maria’s at the end of this speech. 

5. To meet with, experience (difficulties, opposi- 
tion, etc.). Also with notion of 1: To face reso- 
lutely. 

1814 D’Israett Quarrels Auth. (1867) 336 The Royal 
Society. .encountered fierce hostilities. 1844 H. H. Witson 
Brit. India 11. 68 Disease was not, however, the only 
enemy which the British had to encounter. 1876 GreEN 
Short Hist. iii. § 5 (1882) 141 From the Church he [Henry 
III] encountered as resolute an opposition. 

+b. zutv. Const. with. Obs. 

1581 Afol. Pr. Orange in Phenix (1721) I. 450 If.. I had 
not incounter’d with the Hatred of the Spanish Nation. 
1776 G. Sempte Building in Water 14 They had not any 
Difficulties of Water to encounter with. 

+6. To goto meet. Also fig. Obs. 

1603 Suaks. Meas. for M. m1. i. 84, I will encounter dark- 
nesse as a bride And hugge it in mine armes. 1611 — 
Cymd. 1. iii. 32 At the sixt houre of Morne, at Noone, at 
Midnight, ‘I’ encounter me with Orisons. 

| Bombastically used for: To go to, approach 
(monce-tse). 

1601 Suaks. Twel. N. mi. i. 82 Will you incounter the 
house. 

+7. To accost, address. Ods. 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 36 With .. smiling face .. en- 
countered him on this manner. 1590 GREENE Vever too late 
(1600) 25 Isabel..incountred him thus. Gentle sir, etc. 

+ Encownter, adv. Obs. rare—'. [ad. OF. en- 
contre against.] Opposite, contrary; =CounrTER 
adv. 

1660 Hist. Indep, 82 The rogue of all the Kingdom ran 
directly encounter to their designs. 

+ Encou'nterable, ¢. Ols. vare—}. [f. Ev- 
COUNTER Sd.+-ABLE: cf. profitable.] ? Ready for 
encounters. 

1576 FLeminc Panofplie Ep. 346 Whiche time, I woulde I 
had spent,..in the extolling of your..encounterable vali- 
auntnesse, 

+ Encou'nterer. Os. Also 6 enconterer. 
[f. EncounTER v.+-ER.] One who or that which 
encounters ; an adversary, opponent. 

1523 Lp. Berners F7oiss. I. clxix. 206 They .. rode close 
togyder in good aray .. but they founde no encounterers. 
1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xxv. (Arb.) 310 In another 
respect arte is as it were an encountrer and contrary to 
nature. ¢16x1 CHAPMAN /¢iad xx. 151 The earth did groan 
With feet of proud encounterers. 1656 H. More Avtid. 
Ath, 1. x. (1712) 70 The Lion. . wi! strike such a stroke with 
his tail, that he will break the back of his Encounterer with it. 

b. One who meets (another) half-way ; a ‘ for- 
ward’ person, coquette. rave—1. 

1606 Suaxs. 77. § Cv. Iv. v. 58 Oh these encounterers so 
glib of tongue. if 

Encowntering, v//. sd. [f. ExcounTER v. 

+-1nG1.] The action of the vb, EncounTER. 

1485 Caxton Tvevisa’s Higden 1. vi. 162 a In the en- 
encountrynge & fightynge Brutus..and Aruns.. slowgh 
eyther other. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. xlviii. 69 And 
dyuers encountrynges was bytwene them, 1581 Afol. Pr. 
Orange in Phenix (1721) I. 450 That the Race of [a man’s] 
life be.. prosperous without..any wicked incountring. 1610 
Guitum Heraldry u. v. 50 By reason of the opposition 
and encountering of some other current. 1623 Drumm. oF 
Hawtn. Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 126 So many shadows 
cast out and caused by the encountring of these superiour 
celestial bodies. 1704 Swirr 7. Tub Author’s Apol., The 
accidental encountering of a single thought. 

Encountering (enkawntoarin), £7. a. [f. EN- 
COUNTER v,+-ING%.] That encounters. 

1586 MartowE 1st Pt. Tamburl. 1. vi. 19 Let us put on 
our meet encountering minds. 1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. 
x1. 219 Keepe the bankes that lead Along th’ incountring 
Current to his head. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 220 Millions of 
fierce encountring Angels fought. 1738 GLover Leonidas 
v. 350 Betwixt th’ encountring chiefs, 1856 Bryant Poems, 
Winter Piece 119 The encountering winds shall oft Muster 
their wrath again. 

+Encowntery. Ods. vave—'. In 6 incoun- 
trie. [ad. OF. excontree a meeting, f. enxcontrer 
Encounter v.] The shock of attack or encounter. 

1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. Ded., To him whose frequent 
vse of mightye incountrie and terrible shocke of shield and 
launce, is familier in court. é 

+Encou'ntrance. Ods. vare—'. In 6 in- 
countraunce, [f. ENCOUNTER v.+-ANCE.] = En- 
COUNTERING w0/, sé. 

1592 WyrLey Armorie 94 Great semblaunce And shew 
of loue made at incountraunce. 

+Encow rage, sd. Obs. vare—'.  [f. next.] = 
ENCOURAGEMENT, 

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 23 § 2 To the great animacion 
and encourage of thoffendours. 

Encourage (enkz'rédz), v. Forms: a. 5 en- 
corage, 6- encourage. 8. 7 incorage (incur- 
rage), 7-8 incourage. [ad. OF. encoragier, Fr. 
encourager, f. en(seeEN-1) + corage: see COURAGE.] 


ENCOURAGEMENT. 


1. trans. To ineyire animate, inspirit. 

a. 1490 Caxton Eneydos I y were..gretly en- 
coraged wyth 7 hoy a1593 H. Smitu Serm. (1637) 
404 would have Joshua encouraged with all the en- 
couragement that may be. a1649 Drumm. or Hawrtx. 
Skiamachia Wks, (1711) 203 By encouraging those, who for 
.. their own interest pretend religion. 1722 De For Plague 
(1754) 6 That which encourag’d them was, that the City was 
healthy. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) 
I. 376 Whatever appeals to the imagination ., wonderfully 
encourages and liberates us. : 

1551 Ropinson tr. More’s Utop. (Arb.) 16 This verely 
is y® chieffe cause, y*t hath incouraged me. 1647 WARD 
Simp. Cobler 71 Prayers .. that the God of power and 
goodness, weonti incourage your hearts. 1713 STEELE 
Guardian No. 24 2 Jack was incouraged at this success. 

2. Const. /o with sb. as obj. or with zx/- 

‘a. To inspire with courage sufficient for any 
undertaking ; to embolden, make confident. _ 

a- 1553 Even Treat. Newe [nd. (Arb.) 5 Yat they mii hte 
.-bee encouraged to do the like. 1651 Hospes Leviath. u. 
xxvii. 158 Presumeth on his force. .which encourages him to 
commit the same again, 1785 CowPrEeR poe ong John 
Gilpin. .first encouraged you to write. 1824 Miss Ferrier 
Inher. xxxv, 1 feel encouraged to the liberty I am going to 
take, by the kindness you showed me. 1880 Mrs. ForresTER 
Roy & V.1. 31 Encourage yourself to say these things now 
you are in Paris. 

. 41538 STARKEY po ral 153 The wych thyng un- 
dowtydly wold incorage 
selfys dylygently. 164: Prynne Anti~. 3 Ded., To the 
which I have = 


with cour: 
(1889) 3 


sse stomakys to endevur them- | 


ie the more incouraged by a Divine | 


Providence. 1743 Tinpat Rafpin's Hist. Eng. 11. xvu. 53 | 


Incouraged the Protestants to stand upon their defence. 
b, To incite, induce, instigate ; in weaker sense, 
to recommend, advise. 

1483 Caxton Cato Gjb, They encorage somme persone to 
do euyl. 1612 Sir R. Duptey in Fortesc. Papers 7 note, 
To incurrage his Highnes to undertake a matter of that 
consequence. 1697 DrypEn Virg. Georg. 11. 201 Water him, 
and.. Encourage him to thirst again, with Bran. 1875, 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 44 We are not encouraging indi- 
viduals to make right or wrong for themselves. 

+c. ellipt. To encourage to come, to invite. 
Obs. rare. 

1728 T. Suermpan Persius vi. (1739) 86 Ennius.. [was] 
encouraged to Rome by Cato the Quzstor. 

3. To stimulate (persons or personal efforts) by 
assistance, reward, or expressions of favour or 
approval ; to countenance, patronize; also, in bad 
sense, to abet. 

1668 Hace Pref. Rolle's Abridgment 9 A Book published 
+ -not to abate their [Students’] Industry, but to incourage it. 
1716 Lavy M. W. Montacue Let?t. xi. I. 38 No woman 
dares..encourage two lovers at a time. 1777 SHERIDAN 


Sch. Scand. w. i, Paying them [tradesmen] is one en- | 
GC 


couraging them. 1857 Bucke Civilis. I. xi. 629 Why should 
we call upon government to encourage those who write our 
books? 1866 Rocers Agric. §& Pr. 1. xxvi. 642 The bailiffs 


were allowed to encourage venturous boys in bringing young | 


birds for purposes of training. 1876 Green Short. Hist. vi 
§ 3 (1882) 293 Among the group who encouraged the press of 
Caxton [was] .. Richard, Duke of Gloucester. 


To allow or promote the continuance or | 


development of (a natural growth, an industry, a 
sentiment, etc.) ; to cherish, foster. 

1677 YARRANTON Engl. Improv.63 Ifthe Iron Manufacture 
be not incouraged. 1 Concreve Double Dealer 1. v, 
Hum! I have encouraged a pimple here too. 1788 V. Knox 
Winter Even. 1. iii. 31 Books of controversy .. are less en- 
couraged, 1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. II. xviii. 184 Sunshine 
a8 mpoeng be op pectee aging growth of flowering plants. 
1863 Gro. Eriot Xomola u. xxii, [He] grasped at a thought 
= actively cruel than any he had ever encouraged 

efore. 


150 


To which notable thing and great force of faith, Mauritius 
himselfe 1607 TorseLt Serpents 
etsy Ang Alearpee 
unto labours. 17 
Bonne eee Ae ale eae sae eaerenf 
couragers of his Musical Entertainment thanks. 1777 
Watson Philip JI (1839) 125 They were considered as 
Somneneesct fan Seeeeks, nd enncomragers of hesesy. 1844 
H. H. Witson Brit. /ndia 111. 209 He was an z 


ENCROACH, 


+-ED1.] Dyed crimson ; red like crimson. Also 


97 SuaKs. Lover's C ix, In bloodlesse white, and 
she Cocciemenl puch ting Bioeth. Ma. LYS 


mood. 
G incrimsoned steel. 1839 Pox House of Usher 
Wks. 1864 I. 294 Feeble of made 
their way through the panes. 1882 Farrar Zarly 


of letters and the arts. 

Encou ing, vJ/. sb. [f. ENcouRAGE v. + 
-ING of | “The action of the vb. as 

r Ar. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 5 t I 
uae have a longing to [the true "goon things through 
thine encouraging. 1637 Decree Star Chamb. § 
Milton A reof., For the .. incouraging of Printers in their 
honest..endeauours. 1658 Whole Duty Man i. § 22 (1687) 
4 To the incouraging of us in sins. _ 

Enco (enko'rédzin), ppl. a. [f. En- 
COURAGE v. + -ING 2.] That encourages or tends to 
encourage. 

1663 Eart Laupern. in ZL. Papers (1884) 1.176 The Bishop 
-. hath written a brave incouraging Epistle to our Chan- 
cellor. 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs India Wks. X1. 29 The 


choice of Mr. John Stables .. was by no means .. an en- 
—- example to either Service. 1855 Macautay /ist. 
Eng. I11. 661 He sate down. .to write a kind and encourag- 


ing letter to the unfortunate general. 

Hence Encou‘ragingly adv., in an encouraging 
manner, 

1646 P. ButkeLey Gosfel Covt. 1v. 332 Those about him 
speak encouragingly to him. 1741 Richarpson Pamela II. 
170 How encouragingly kind was all this! 1856 Kane 
Arct, Expl. \. xiv. 164 We talked encouragingly of spring 


hopes, : ; 

Encover, incover (en-, inky-va1), v. rare. 
[f. En-1, In-+ Cover v.] trans. To cover com- 
pletely ; to enclose and cover. Hence Enco-ver- 
ed, Enco'vering /f/. adjs. 

1520-30 SKELTON Gard. Laur, 1164 Slimy snails Encoverde 
over with gold of tissew fine. 1596 R. L. Diedla, The gold 
encoverd ke. 1851 D. Witson Prehist. Ann. Scotd. 
(1863) I, 117 The incovering mound is about ., forty-four 
feet in diameter. 

Encowl, Encraal: see En- pref 

Encradle (enkr7‘d’l), v. Also 7 ineradle. 
[f. En-1+Crap.x.] trans. To lay in a cradle. 

1596 Spenser Hymne Heavenly Love 225 Where he en- 
cradled was In simple cratch, wrapt in a wad of hay. 1655 
Fuiier Church Hist. 1. iv. 213 Three Child-Constantines 
encradled, 1662 — Worthies, Linc. u. 165 Though there 
incradled. | 

+ Encrain. Ods.-° 

1731-36 Battey vol. II, Excrain [with Horsemen], a horse 
that is wither wrung or one that is spoilt in the withers. 

+Encra‘mpish, -ise, v. Obs. rare. [f. Ex-1+ 
Cramp a. + -2sh, after words like zmpoverish.] 
trans. Tocramp, hamper. Hence Encra‘mpised 
ppl. a., cramped, distorted. 

¢ 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. (1869) 108 I hatte Peresce, 
pe goutous, pe encrampised, be boistous, pe maymed. 1523 
Ske._ton Garl. Laurel 15 Encraumpysshed so sore was 
my conceyte. 

+ Encra‘ss, v. Obs. vare—'. [ad. F. encrasse-r, 
f. en- (see En-!) + crasse thick, Crass; cf. late L. 
incrassare.) intr. To thicken; to become thick. 

1575, lurserv. Kadconrie 241 The .. moysture of the head 
distilling from aboue, vpon those breathing partes, and 


| there encrassed. . breede difficultie of breathing. 


4. nonce-use. a. Humorously: To put spirit | 


into (liquor), b. To make up for, compensate for. 

1628 Hosses Thucyd. (1822) 71 Encouraging their want of 
knowledge with store of men. 1 Futrer //ist. Camb. 
v.. § 48, 87 Erasmus .. sometimes incouraged his faint Ale 
with the mixture. 

Encouragement (enk»‘rédgmént). Also 6-8 
incouragement. [a. F. encouragement: see prec. 
and-MENT.] The action or process of enco ing, 
the fact of being encouraged (see senses of the 
vb.) ; concer, a fact or circumstance which serves 
to encourage. 

1568 Grarron Chron, II. 257 King Edward purposyng a 
lyke encouragement of noble and worthie knightes. x 
A Dickenson Greene in Conc. (1878) 143 For his more in- 
couragement —" his mistris countenance, no cloudes 
of discontent. 1638 Ly. Gorinc in Hamilton phd (1880) 
65 What encouragement whatever those ill affected with 
you may gather, 1 Yarranton Engl, Improv. 62 To 
the Incouragement of the Iron, and Iron Manufactures. 
1700 Watxis in Collect. (Oxf. Hist, Soc.) I. 319 This riding- 
master went hence, finding little or no encouragement, of 
any desirous to learn. xgzx Snarress. Charac. (1737) I. 
124 Inward deformity growing ter, by the incourage- 
ment of unnatural affection. 1748 Anson Vay. (ed. 4) Introd., 
Such employments could not long be wanting, if due in- 
couragement were given to them. 1828 Scorr #7. M, Perth 
vi, The pour. had begun - apa - a of the damsel 
as somewhat capricious. after the de encouragement 
which, in his opinion, she had afforded. x95 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) V. 186 [Plato] gives no encouragement to individual 
enthusiasm, 1883 Law Rep. Queen’ B. XI. 569 The object 
of the society being the encouragement of saving. 

Enco (enk»rédgaz), [f. ENcouRAGE v, 

+ pon He who or that which encourages. 

1562 Br. Hooper (¢é¢/e), An Apol: againste the Report 
that he should be a Maintainer and Encorager of suche as 
cursed the Quenes Highnes. 1563 Fox 4.4 MM, (1596) 72/2 


Encratism (enkratiz’m). [f. Gr. éyxpar-js + 
-IsM.] The doctrinal system and practice of the 
Encratites. 

1885 G. Samon /ist. [ntrod. N. T. xi. 240 Several of the 
Gnostic sects had in common this feature of Encratism.. 
the rejection. .of marriage, of flesh meat, and of wine. 

Encratite (enkratait). Chiefly in g/. [ad. 
late L. encratita, late Gr. é-yxpartrns (Hippolytus), 
f, éyxpar-nhs continent + -i7ys: see -ITE.] One of 
those early Christian heretics (chiefly Gnostic) 
that abstained from flesh, from wine, and from 
marriage. Also attrid. 

1587 T. Rocrrs 39 Art. (1621) 295 The Encratites. .use no 
wine at all. x7o2 Ecuarp Zccd. Hist. (1710) 500 Justin's 
scholar, Tatian .. formed a new sect called by the name of 
Encratites, or Continents. 1883 Ch. QO. Rev. XV. By 
E ites and Marcionites intoxicating liquors woul have 
been denounced with as much fervour as by Dr, Kerr, 1885 
G. Satmon Hist. Introd. N. 7.241 The principal apocry- 
phal Acts of the Apostles proceeded from men of Enerathe 
views. 

+ Encre’, v. Ods. rare—'. [app. a corrupt form 
of encrese, INCREASE.] ? To grow, thrive, 

¢1420 Pallad. on Husb, xu. 66 Wel wot this tree Encre in 
litel moiste and places hie. 

Encrease, -crece, -crees(e, -cresce, -cres(e, 
~cress(e, obs. forms of INCREASE. 


+ Encre‘dit, v. Obs. rare—*. [f. EN- + Crepit.] 
To gain credit for (a person). quot. refi, 

1642 Rocers Naaman 436 Thinking to encredit and in- 
gratiate themselves into their affections. 

Encrely, var. of ENKERLY a@,, Ods. Sc. 

Encrimson (enkri‘mzon), 7. Also 9 in-. [f. EN- 
+Crimson.] ¢vans, To make or dye crimson. 

1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. 528 ian encrimson’d o'er With 
vestal modesty! 1882 Farrar Zarly Chr. Il. 215 Steps 
encri d by the uncl d pools of gore. 


Encrimsoned (enkshinzend), Phl.a. [f. prec. 


Encrinal (enkrinal), a. Geo/. [f. ENcRIn-us 
+-AL.] = ENcriyirat. 
1845 in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club I. xii. 159 The blue 
limestone so abundant at Holy Island. Geikre 
Hist. Boulder xi. 205 The rock with its includ 
stems and shells. 
Encrinic (enkrinik), a. Geol. [f. Encriy-us 
+-1c.] = Enorryirat. 
1847 in CraiGc; and in mod. Dicts. 
Encrinital (enkrinoi'tal), a. Geol. [f. En- 
CRINITE + -AL. | 
1. Of or pertaining to, or having the character 
of, Encrinites. 
Ansrep Anc. World viii. 177 Living chiefly on the 
ona iae Pikectetisltel solmals. 


and shell- or on the encrini 
1875 Croit Climate § T. xviii. 298 Encrinital ts in 
the greatest abundance. 


2. Containing Encrinites. 

1876 Pace Adv, Text-Bk. Geol. xiv. 245 The frequent 
synonym of ‘ encrinal’ or ‘ encrinital limestone ’. 

Encrinite (enkrinait). Zoo/. and Geol. [f. Ey- 
CRIN-US+-ITE.] A fossil crinoid ; formerly some- 
times extended to crinoids y- 

1808 Parkinson Organ. Rem. 11, 153 (in Rees), 1819 
Rees Cycl., Encrinites, a kind of columnar extraneous 
or organized fossil. Kirsy Had. & Just. Anim, 11. 
xiii. ro A tribe of plant-like animals .. which, from a sup- 

d resemblance. .to the blossom of a liliaceous plant have 

n denominated Encrinites. 1854 F. BAkEwELL Geol. 30 

The prevailing characteristic fossils being encrinites and 

madrepores. 1880 Grikiz Phys. Geog. iv. $ 21. 191 A piece 

of limestone is..made up of the crowded joints of the encri- 
nite or stone-lily—a marine animal. 

attrib. 1822 G. Younc Geol. Surv. Yorksh. Coast (1828) 
21 Masses of the encrinite limestone. 1847 E. Fornes in 
Wilson & Geikie Mem. xii. (1861) 413, I went to seek out 
the localities for the encririte heads. 

Encrinitic (enkrini‘tik), a. Geol. [f. Encriy- 
ITE+-1¢.] Containing fossil Encrinites. 

1863 Cambrian Frnl. Sept. 154 The carbonate shell mar- 
ble of South Wales, and the encrinitic of North Wales. 
1864 in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1X. 482 The metamorphosis 
of encrinitic limestone. 

Encrinoid (e‘nkrinoid), a. Geol. [f. ENcRIN-us 
+-om.] Resembling an Encrinite. 

1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 179 An Encri- 
noid Echinoderm in its perfect condition. 

|| Encrinus (enkrinis). Zool, Also 8 en- 
crinos. [mod.L., f. Gr. é& in + xpivoy lily. The 
word was invented by Harenberg (1729) as a name 
for a fossil which two years before he had proposed 
to call a ‘stone lily’.] 

1. +A name formerly bt ly to fossil 
crinoids ; = EncrintrE (ods.). b. Now the name 
of a particular (extinct) genus of crinoids, the type 
of the family Zucrinide. bi, 

T. R. Anim, Kingd. 
Pi Co) pated Pag ea) gang hm pbk ap), cin 
motion. Ricuarpson Geol. viii. 228 In encrinus, it is 
com: different-sized circular plates. 

+ 2. Applied to certain extant animals which 
were sup to resemble the fossil encrinus: 
a. The Pennatula Encrinus of Linneeus = the 
mod, genus Umbellula (class Anthozoa, sub-king- 
dom Calenterata), b. A crinoid described by 
Ellis as found on the coast of Barbadoes. Ods. 

176a Exts in PAil. Trans, LIL. As it comes nearest 
to the fossils called encrini. . to name, and 
call it encrinus. 1788 Chambers’ Cyct. (Rees), Encrinos, 
1819 Rees Cycl., Encrinus. 

+ Encri'sp, v. Ods. rare. [f. En- + Crisp; cf. 
late L. incréspare.] trans. To curl (hair or wool) 
tightly or crisply. Hence Encri‘sped /f/. a. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Hush. m. 139 Thai shall have softe en- 
crisped wolle. 1§23 Skevton Garl. Laurel 289 With heris 

yalowe as the golde. 


+ Encroa’ch, sd. Ods. rare. Also 7 ineroch. 
[é Ee v.) Encroachment; gradual ap- 
proac: 


1611 Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. xxi. (1632) 1000 The further 
incroch of the French, 1666 J. Smirn Old Age (1676) 99 
The insensible encroach of age is no where so soon dis- 
covered, eure Sourn 12 Serm, (1717) TV. 393 Grew into 
it by insensible Encroaches. 

Encroach (enkrdwt{), v. Forms: a. 4-7 en- 
eroch(e, (6 engroche), 6- encroach. 8. 5-7 
incroch(e, 6 in 6-8 in- 


, 
eroach. [a. OF. encrochier to seize, also refi. 
and inér,to perch, fasten upon, f, en- (see EN-) 
+ croc hook. 
+1. trans. 


. To seize, acquire wrongfully (property 

or privilege). Also pm) Obs. 

a. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2036 The renkez.. Encrochede alle 
lome be craftes of armes. 1494 FABYAN, VII. CCxxx. 

262 He wolde haue encroched thynges to 

Crowne of Fraunce.. 1523 FirzHers, a ce 

this boke. .to thentent that the lordes, .shuld nat. . have their 


ENCROACHER. 


landes lost nor imbeselde nor encroched by one from an- 
other, @1593 H. Smitn Wks, (1866-7) I. 364 Base-born 
honours which they have encroached from men, 1605 
VersteGAN Dec. [ntell. (1634) 115 The Scottish men .. did 
lastly encroach unto th Ives a Kingd 1606 G. 
Wloovcocke] tr. Hist. Justine Hh 6a The tribute which 
Iustinius had couetously enchroched. . 

. at Sxetton Death Edw. IV, 51 And more euer 
to incroche redy was I bent. c1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng, 
Hist. 1. 65 Ingroching bootie echewhere plentifullie. 
1587 Myrr. for Mag., Brennus iv, Hee warned meI should 
not in 3A t'incroatch That was not mine. 

+b. Law. (See quot.) Ods. 

se Termes de la cae 135 b, A Rent is said to be en- 
croched, when the Lord by distresse or otherwise compells 
the tenant to pay more rent than he ought. . 

+e. In good or neutral sense: To obtain, gain. 
Obs, rare. 

exze5 Z. E. Aldit. P. A. 1116 Delyt pat his come en- 
eroched. did. C. 18 For bay schal comfort encroche in 
kypbes ful mony. ; 

. vtr. To trench or intrude usurpingly (esp. by 
insidious or gradual advances) on the territory, 
rights, or accustomed sphere of action of others. 
Also ¢ransf. and fig. of things: To make gradual 
inroads on, extend (its) boundaries at the expense 
of, something else. Const. 07, «on (the territory, 
rights, etc. invaded, or the person whose rights are 
infringed) ; also simply. 

a. c1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 137 Bie littell 
ahd littell engroched on the sowthe partes of the Ile. 1600 
Hakxcuyr Voy. (1810) I11. 423 See you that you suffer him not 
to encroch vpon you. 1713 See Englishm. No. 29. 185, 
I shall not encroach upon your Time. 1791 SMEATON Edy- 
stone L. § 357 The sea encroached upon these cliffs. 1855 
MAcaAuLAy Fist, Eng. II1. 260 Restraining both churches 
..from encroaching on the functions of the civil magistrate. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 116 He who encroaches shall 
pay twofold the price of the injury. 

1542 Exyor /mage Gov. 155 b, He woulde not suffer 
his libertines to incroche vpon his possessions. 1660 R. Coke 
Power & Subj. 136 Laws made by the Kings of this realm 
did never incroach upon the ghostly power which our 
Saviour by divine positive institution left only to his Church. 
r G. Kosc Nat. § Exp. Philos. 1V. xliv. 201 The 
nucleus of a spot .. often changes its figure, by umbra in- 
croaching irregularly upon it, : 

+b. ¢rans. To impose (an unfair burden or 
condition) zpon. Obs. rare—!. (Doubtful: perh. 
what is used adverbially.) 

1548 Lp. Somerset Efist, Scots 244 What wil they not en- 
croche vpon you? i: 

3. intr. To advance, intrude beyond natural or 
conventional limits, +b. ref. in same sense 
(obs. rare). 

1555 Fardle Facions App. 323 When the coueitous manne 
will encroche beyonde his boundes. 1599 T. M[ourer] 
Silkwormes 48 Lest heate by stealth encroch it selfe too 
soone. 1618 Botton Florus 1. v. 181 Lucius Sulla.. 
shoved the Enemie backe .. from encroaching any farther. 
1680 Butter Rew. (1759) I. 214 Those that falsly venture 
to encroach, Where Nature has deny’d them all Approach. 
1830 M. Donovan Dom, Econ. I. 3 A state which en- 
croaches beyond the boundaries of sleep, [See also En- 
CROACHING Afi, a.] 

¢e. trans. 'To encroach upon. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens 660 This [Bramble] taketh roote easily 
+. incroching grounde with the toppes of his branches, 
bid. 648 It incrocheth and winneth more ground. 

+4. intr. To get oneself connected with. Obs. rare. 

1579 Gosson Afol. Sch, Abuse (Arb.) 73 Penelopes suters 
..were glad to encroche with some of her maides. 

Encroacher (enkréwtfoz). [f. ENcroacn v. + 
-ER.] One who encroaches (07). 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor, 491 Why is Haddon 
accused ., as an_encrocher upon other mens possessions ? 
1689 R. Wricut Benefice 16, 1 am a bold Incroacher on the 
Gods, And steal their Free-hold. 1720 Swirr Rum upon 
Bankers Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 22 The bold encroachers on the 
deep. 1742 RicHarpson Pamela III. 11, I would not for 
the World be thought an Incroacher, 186 Sat. Rev. 22 
June, Those irregular encroachers who border and trespass 
on the domain of history. 

+ Encroa‘ching, v0/. sd. Obs. [f. ENcRoacHv, 
+-InG1,] The action of the vb. ENcroacu. 

1539 TAVERNER Gard. Wysed.1. 40 a, By thy incrochyng of 
other mens realms. @ 1639 W. WuatEtey Prototypes u. 
xxix, (1640) 144 Murder is a sinne..wronging God ex- 
treamely in presumptuous incroching “o> his prerogative. 
1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari, ut, 36 The encroaching of 
the said royall power to them, 

Encroaching (enkrawtfin), 77. a. [f. En- 
CROACH v. + -ING2,] That encroaches. 

1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. VJ, 1. i. 96 The House of Yorke 
thrust from the Crowne, By lofty proud incroaching tyranny. 
1649 Mitton Ezkon, xi. (1851) 426 It concern’d them first to 
sue out their Livery from the unjust wardship of his encroach- 
ing Prerogative. 1742 Richarpson Pameda IV. 50 Ladies 
in your Way, are often like incroaching Subjects. 18 
Kane Grinnell Exp. xxix. (1856) 250 Our nobly-strengthene 
little craft rose up upon the encroaching floes bodily. 1873 
Symonps Grk, Poets i, 26 The cold encroaching policy o' 


Sparta. 

Encroachingly (enkrou'tfinli), adv. [f. prec, 
+-LY2.] In an encroaching manner, : 
31822 Month. Mag. LIV. 592 Whether Bodmer availed 
himself of Wieland’s pen too encroachingly, 

Encroachment (enkré«t{mént). 
in-, [f. ENcRoAcH v.+-MENT: in AF, (1437) en- 
crochement.| The action of encroaching, in various 
senses ; spec. in Law (see quot. 1613), 


Also 7-8 ° 


151 


1523 Firzuers. Surv.15 But and there shalbe made anynew 
incrochmentes or intackis inclosed or taken in out of the 
commens, 1556 J. Heywoop Spider §& F. xxi, 49 Ye thus.. 
Usurpe on ys by meane of encrochement. 1613 R. C. 
Table Alph. (ed. 3), Encrochment, when the Lord hath 
gotten and seised of more rent or seruices of his tenant then 
of right is due. 1646 Sir ‘IT. Browne Pseud. Ep. I. iii. 8 The 
people. . being ready with open armes toreceive the encroach- 
ments of Error. 1667 Mitton P. L. xu. 72 But this Usurper 
his encroachment proud Stayes not on Man. 1768 Brack- 
stone Comm, III. 111 Encroachment of jurisdiction, or 
calling one coram non judice, to answer in a court that has 
no legal cognizance of the cause. 1794 G. Apams Wat. § 
Exp. Philos. VV. xliv. 201 By these incroachments the nu- 
cleus of a spot is divided into two or more nuclei. 1830 H. 
Rocers £ss, (1850) II. iv. 199 We .. find the Latin element 
making undue encroachments. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 
433 The intervening strip of land, narrower now than then 
owing to the encroachment of the waves. 

Encrochet: see En- grefl 1 a. 

Encrown (enkrawn), v. Also 6 encroun. 
[f£ En-1+ Crown 56.] 

1. trans. To put a crown on (any one); to crown. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Aja, Aungelis encrowned full 
hye with precious stones. 1841 T. J. OuseLey Lug. Melo- 
dies 49 Whilst Flowers en-crown thy Fairy head. 1854 
Battey /estus (ed. 5) 530 Encrowned with peaks of quiver- 
ing fire. 1884 Szvord § Trowel Feb. 63 Our fathers were 
wont to encrown themselves with a tasselled triangle. 

+2. ?To mark or stamp with the figure of a 
crown. Oés. 

1538 Levanp /¢iz. V. 110 And one Quene Elenor was 
buried .. under a flat Stone of Marble with an Image of 
plaine Plate of Brasse encrounid. 

+ Encrow'nment. 00s. varve—. In 4 en- 
corownment. [f. ENcRowN v. + -MENT.] The 
action or ceremony of encrowning ; coronation. 

2ax1400 Morte Arth. 4198 Encorownmentes of kynges 
enoynttede. : . 

+ Encru‘elize, v. Ovs. rave—1. [f. En-1+ 
CRUEL +-12%E.] trans, To make cruel or savage. 

1654 Coxaine Dianea iv. 344 ‘Those minds, which, en- 
cruelized, had not distinction to know their madnesse. 

Encrust, incrust (en-, inkry'st), v7, [Prob. 
of twofold formation: (1) ad. Fr. zzcrust-er or 
It. zzcrustare (used in sense 1), ad. L. zucrustare, 
f. 2 upon + crustaCrust. (2) f. En-1, In- + 
Crust, or ad, Fr. encrotter (in 16th c. ecrouster) 
of equivalent formation. The ev- and zz- forms 
are both in common use, without any differentia- 
tion of sense; the Dictionaries mostly favour 77- 
crust, but excrust appears to be the more frequent 
in actual use.] 

1. trans. To ornament (a surface) by overlaying 
it with a crust of precious material, Also 7a 
encrust into. 

a. 1776 Gipson Decl. §& FI. xii. 262 The outside of the 
edifice was encrusted with marble. 1825 Bro. Zonathan I. 
142 As if the whole tree were encrusted with molten 
jewellery. a1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V.196 A staircase 
encrusted with jasper. 1875 Fortnum MJaiolica xi. ror The 
painted and incised bacini, which are encrusted into her 
church towers. 

164x Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 35 The church of the 
Jesuits is..a glorious fabric without and within, wholly in- 
crusted with marble, 178x Gipson Dec?. § F. III, liii. 295 
The walls were incrusted with marbles of various colours. 
1885 Stone Chr. bef Christ 44 Vases incrusted with 
diamonds and lapis lazuli, ; 

2. To cover with a crust or thin coating (e.g. of 
tust, sedimentary deposits, etc.). Also of scales, 
shellfish, etc.: To form a crust or hard coating on 
(a surface). 

a. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 313 In those dreary 
countries, the instruments. .that are kept in the pocket..are 
quickly encrusted. 1806 Med. Yrn/. XV. 535 He now was 
encrusted with one scab over every part of his face and body. 
1828 Stark Elem. Nat, Hist. 1. 482 Scales encrusting the 
soft part of the dorsal and anal fins. 1854 F. BAKEWELL Geol, 
87 Sulphur is found .. encrusting the sides in considerable 
quantities, 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 433 The blocks of 
masonry .. are now encrusted by shell fish and sea weeds. 

B. 1733 Porr Hor. Sat, u. i, 73 Let Jove incrust Swords, 
pikes, and guns, with everlasting rust. 1756 C. Lucas Ess, 
Waters II. 23 Such..waters. .incrust vessels in which they 
are contained, 1863 Fr. Kempe Resid. Georgia 23 Their 
ba ae being literally incrusted with dirt. 

> JiR 

a. 1806 Soutuey Left. (1856) I, 359 Some rejected Christ as 
unfit nucleus to encrust with their fables. 186x Mitt 
Utilit. iii. 42 The simple fact is .. encrusted over with col. 
lateral associations, 

B._ 1742 Younc M4. Th. 1. 157 How was my heart incrusted 
by the world! 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm, U1. xvii. 
265 Satan .. may incrust it with his own evil creations. 
1858 HoLLanp Zitcomd’s Lett, viii. 80 You get habits of 
thought and life that incrust you. 1873 H. Rocrrs Orie. 
Bible viii. (1875) 326 Many languages ,, were still so in- 
crusted with barbarism, 

3. To form into a crust, deposit as a crust. 

1726 Tuomson Winter 756 The winter snow Incrusted 
hard. 1837 W. Irvine Cagt. Bonneville (1849) 15 It was 
sufficiently incrusted to bear a pedestrian, 

4. a. intr, for ref. To form itself into a crust. 
b. intr. To form or deposit a crust pon, 

1725 Huxuam in Phil. Trans. XXXIII. 381 The 
Pustules. .did not incrust yellow, 1754 /éid, XLIX. 26 This 
chanel of fire, .is covered by the..lava, which cools and in- 
crusts on its surface. 1865 Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 30 A 
mass of unauthorized traditional glosses ., had encrusted 
over the Thirty-nine Articles, t 


ENCUMBER. 


5. To shut up, imprison as within a crust. vave. 

a@z71r Ken Poet. Wks. (1721) IV. 528 Tho’ I should .. In 
Alps of Ice encrusted, freeze. 1830 Sir J. Herscuer Stud. 
Nat. Phil. 79 The statue might be conceived encrusted in 
its marble pie ; : 

Encrusted, incrusted (en-, inkrz'stéd), 
ppl. a. [f. Encrust v. + -ED'.] In senses of 
the vb. 

1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 59 The olive branch in 
one hand, and the encrusted pike in the other. 1853 Kane 
Grinnell Exp. xxxviii. (1856) 351 Trailing his hind quarters 
over the incrusted snow. 1859 GuLLick & Times Paint. 
12t The first kind, or ‘incrusted enamels’ is subdivided into 
two classes. 1866 Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 292 Solid con- 
cretions..of an organized skeleton and incrusted salts. — 

Encrusting, incrusting (en-, inkra'stin), 
ppl. a. [f. Excrust v.+-1nc?.] That encrusts. 

1766 Pennant Zool, (1768) I. Pref. 3 The excellence and 
number of our springs, whether medicinal or incrusting. 
1856-8 W. CLark Van der Hoeven’s Zool. 1. 79 Polypary 
incrusting, formed of stolons. 186x Dickens in Add Y. 
Round IV. 461, I was content to take a foggy view of the 
Inn through the window’s encrusting dirt. 1878 G. Mac- 
DONALD Phantastes v. 81 A kiss cannot reach her through 
the incrusting alabaster. x 

Encrustment (enkrv‘stmént). [f. Encrust v. 
+-MENT.] concr, That which is deposited by the 
action of encrusting; an outer encrusted layer or 
shell. Also fig. 

1861 Craik //ist. Eng. Lit. 1. 561 That rich .. spirit of 
drollery..penetrating through all enfoldings and rigorous 
encrustments into the kernel of the ludicrous. 1876 Biack- 
MoRE Criffs II, xiv. 211 The trees .. glistened rather with 
soft moisture than with stiff encrustment. 

Encrystal: see IncrYsTAL. 

+ Encul3ge. Sc. Obs. rave—1. [Cf. Accom, which 
in Sc. form would be *acz/3/e.]_ ? Coaxing. 

1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, St. Tecla 34 Quhene he saw he 
sped nathinge For his encul3e or entysing. 

+ Encumber, sé. Ods. Forms: 4encumbre, 
encumbir, 6 encombre, 7 encomber, encumber. 
Also 6 incomber, incumber. [a. OF. excombre 
=Pr. encombre, It. ingombro:—late L. incumbrum, 
f. incumbrare: see EXCUMBER v.] The state of 
being encumbered ; cover. an encumbrance, em- 
barrassment, trouble, annoyance. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 327 With many grete en- 
cumbre of in hard stoure. 1546 Garpiner Decl, Artic. 
Joye 43 Saynt Austen. .auoydinge thencombre of these sub- 
tyll heretiques. 1557 Nort tr. Gvevara’s Diall of Princes 
(1582) 422 b Why they should suffer so many incombers, 
broiles, and troubles as they do. @1618 RALEIGH Jo P. 
Henry in Rem, (1661) 252 The greater [ship] is slow; un- 
maniable, and ever full of encumber, c1630 DrumM. or 
Hawtn. Poents ro Sleep .. follow’d with a troope of golden 
Slumbers Thrust from my quiet Braine all base encumbers, 
1642 Howett For. Trav. v. (Arb.) 28 Too great a number 
ofsuch Friends, is an encomber and may betray him. 

Encumber (enkymbor), v. Forms: a, 4-7 
encomber, -bre, (5 encounbre, emcombre), 
5-8 encumbre, 6- encumber. £. 6-8 incom- 
ber, incumbre, 7 incombre, incumber. See 
also AccuMBER. [a. OF. encombre-r to block up, 
obstruct, a Com. Rom. word (Pr. evcombrar, lt. 
ingombrare):—late L. zncombrare, f. 7 in, upon 
+ combrus barricade, obstacle, prob. repr. L. 
cumulus heap. (In Eng. the fig. uses appear 
much earlier than the literal.)] 

1. ¢rans. To hamper, embarrass (persons, their 
movements, actions, etc.) wth a clog or burden. 
Also of things: To act as a clog or restraint upon. 
Also fig. 

a. ¢ 1386 CuHaucer Pers. T. ? 613 Of accidie cometh first, 
that a man is annoyed and encombrid for to do eny good- 
nes. 1600 Hoitanp Livy xu. xxiii. 1169 They marched 
heavily armed and encombered. 1660 Biount Boscobel 1. 
(1680) 31 He travers’d..near three hundred (miles). .encom- 
bered with a portmanteau. 1781 Gipson Decl, § F. III. 
lii. 261 The royal camp was encumbered by the luxury of 
the palace. 1842 Biscnorr Woollen Manuf. 11. 44 There were 
various branches of our trade which it had been thought 
necessary to encumber with high duties, 1855 Macautay 
Hist. Eng. 1V. 408 He could not be persuaded to encumber 
his feeble frame with a cuirass, 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 
IV. 407 The study of philosophy..may encumber him. 

B. 21612 BrinsLey Lud. Lit, ii. (1627) 13 Schoolemasters 
who are incumbred with this inconvenience. 1610 HeaLry 
Epictetus’ Man, (1636) xiii. 17 Lamenesse incombers the 
legges, but not the resolution. 1688 in Somers Tracts I. 

06 Such Statutes ..seem to incumber what Papists think 
Re Majesty’s Prerogative. 1726 Appison Dial, Medals ii, 
She draws back her garment .. that it may not incumber 
her in her march. 1738 [G. SmitH] Cur, Relat. II. 314 
They sold their Commodities ..in order to be less in- 
pe when they should go about to conquer. 

+2. To engage, involve, entangle 77. Ods. 

138. Wycuir Ws, (1880) 70 Procuratours of be fend to 
encombre [mennus soulis] in synne. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER 
Prol, 508 And lefte his scheep encombred in the myre. 
a 1662 Heyuin Lawd 1, 128 To deliver him out of that War 
in which they had incumbred..him, ¢1720 Prior Poems 
(J.) Encumbered in the silken string. : 

3. To cause suffering or inconvenience to. Ods. 
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 254 3it salle Edward be 
encombred porgh dame Blanche schene. 1481 CaxTon 
Myrr. 1. xii. 37 In mannes body whan ony maladye or 
ekenesencombreth hit. 1514 Barctay Cyt. § Uplondyshm, 
(1847) 51 Sometime these Courtiers them more to incumber 
Slepe all in one chamber. 1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 

191/2 Greefes wherwith your mind is dailie incombred. 1605 


ENCUMBERED. 


B Adv, Learn.. vii. His mind. . bein 


scrup! 

+b. Of enemies, etc.: To press hardly upon, 
harass, give trouble to. Ods. ae 

Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle 1. i. (1859) 2‘To what purpoos 

Mio formed to encom! with son eae mes- 
chyef. c 1440 Gesta Rom. 1. xxxi. 104 The fleshe, the worlde, 
and the Devil..encomberithe a man. 1485 Caxton Chas. 
Gt. 120 Ye shal be here encombred and assaylled. 1633 P. 
Fretcuer in Farr S. P. Yas. J (1848) 197 Much were the 
knights encumbered with these foes. _ 

+c. To overcome, master; said esp. of tempta- 
tions, passions, etc. Ods. 
2377 NGL. eae B. "3 a ae the Kin a on 

m nou3t. x WER Conf. III. e King. .Incom- 
bred of his lees blinde Te lawe tornith out of kinde. 
¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas u. v. (1554) 45b, The auoutour..Thee 
encumbred of very force. € ne 

4. To burden with duties, obligations, or re- 
sponsibilities. : 
@ 1593 H. Smitu Wes. (1867) II. 355 Martha is sore en- 

cumbered with much serving. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 336 


152 


Srenser J. Q. vi. viii. 38 To let her 


CUMBRANCE. Obs. 


seo Asn Anson Eng, Yonak 6x4 Let us shake off all in- 
cumberments. 1660 orE Myst. Godl. To Rdr. 29 De- 
vested of those many b of h i i 


both false and useless. 1664 — Myst. nig. iii. 8 A trouble- 
some and useless incumberment upon Christianity. 
brance (enkxmbrans). Forms: a. 
4-5 encombraunce, (-beraunce), 4-6 encum- 
braunce, 4~7 encombrance, 7— encumbrance ; 
8. 6 incomb(e)raunce, 6-7 incombrance, (7 
incumberance), 7-9 incumbranee. [a. OF. en- 
combrance, f. encombrer to ENCUMBER ; see -ANCE.] 
+1. Encumbered state or condition; trouble, 
molestation. perplesty- Obs. 
a 


€1314 Guy vw. (A.) 5509 The douke Otous .. His gret 
of him telde. 1 Lanct, P. Pi. B. xvi. 265 


It is a burthen to them to bee so employed; they 
abide to be so encombred. 6 Burke Sf. Repeal, Mar- 
riage Act X. 137 A man that breeds a family without com- 
petent means of maintenance, encumbers other men with his 
children. 1879 Froupe Cesar xi. 119 Aurelia had objected 
to be encumbered with a stepson. A 

5. To burden (a person or an estate) with debts ; 
esp. to charge (an estate) with a mortgage. (Cf. 
OF. encombrer to mortgage. ] 

a. 1632 Massincer City Madam. ii, Such lands..As are 
not encumbered. 1729 Seno Serm. Wks. 1871 IV. 63 
If you were ..encumbered with debt. 184: EVER z. 
Hinton vii. (1878) 46 His large estates, loaded with debt 
and encumbered by mortgage. 1 Lp. St. Leonarps 
Handy Bk. Prop. Law xiv. 95 If he make a mortgage 
after having otherwise encumbered the estate. 

1677 YARRANTON Engl. Improv. 8 There being so 
many ways to incumber the Land privately. 1767 BLack- 
STONE Comm. I1. 313 The new occasions and necessities. . 
required means to be devised of charging and incumbering 
estates. 

6. To load or fill (places, things) wth what is 
obstructive or useless; to block up; fg. to com- 
plicate, render difficult. 

c1 Rom. Rose 3007 Thorough the breres anoon wente 
I, Wherof encombred was the hay. 155§ Even Decades 
W. Ind. (Arb.) 310 All iorneys incumbered with continuall 
waters. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 38 Seruetto and 
other like .. haue encombred al things with new deceites. 
1777 PriestLey Matt. § Spir. (1782) I. 34, | have not. .en- 
cumbered my doctrine with .. difficulties. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. 1. 129 Copper Mine River .. is encumbered 
with shoals and falls. 1816 Scotr B/, Dwarf ii, The ground 
about the pillar was strewed, or rather encumbered, with 
many large fragments of stone. 1868 Mitman St. Paul's 472 
Newton’s monument .. adorns or incumbers the Church of 
St. Mary-le-Bow. 1876 Green Short Hist. vi. § 2 (1882) 
276 The Statutes of Apparel.. begin at this time to en- 
cumber the Statute. Book. : 

+7. In pa. pple.: Constipated. Obs. rare—}. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans C iiij b, When yowre hawke is en- 
combred in the bowillis. 

+ 8. ?To fold (the arms). Ods. rare—*. 

1602 SHaxs. Ham. 1. v. 174 With Armes encombred thus, 
or thus, head shake. 

Encumbered (enkymba:d), Af/. a. [f. En- 
CUMBER Vv, + -ED!.] In the senses of the verb: 
Hampered, burdened, etc. Of an estate: Charged 
with a mortgage. 

1784 Cowrer Jask tv. 498 Society grown weary of the 
load, Shakes her incumber'd lap, and casts them out. 1847 
Bricut Sf. Jred. 13 Dec., The encumbered condition of 
landed property in Ireland. 1 Jeruson Brittany ii. 9 
Those who travelled in more dignified and encumbered 
style. 1884 Macxeson & Smitu ed, Coote’s Law of Mortg. 
473 The Incumbered Estates Court [West Indies]. 


Encu'mberer. [f.as prec. +-ER.] One who 
encumbers. 

Encumbe (enky'mbarin), Af/. a. [f. En- 
CUMBER v.+-ING2.] That encumbers. 

1641 Mitton Animadv. (1851) 188 Whosoever .. labours 
to ay A such an incumbring surcharge of earthly things. 
1798 uTHEY Foan of Arct. 404 From his belt he took 

he encumbering sword, 1838-9 Hattam Hist. Lit. IV. 
Iv. vii. 319 mote, The feeble encumbering pronoun ‘ which’, 
1872 H. Sacutzan True Vine vii. 300 These en, en- 
cumbering branches, 

Hence Encumberingly adv. 


Encumberment (enkymbamént). Now 
vare. Also incumberment. [a. OF. encombre- 
ment: see ENCUMBER @. and -MENT.] 

1. The action of encumbering ; the state or fact of 
being encumbered. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 148 God. .Saued bam alle bo 
tymes fro ber encumberment. a@1619 Dantet Codd. Hist. 

‘ng. (1626) 98 Their numbers growing so great, as bred 
many incomberments. 1678 Cupwortn Jntell. Syst. 151 
Subjecting him [the Deity] to Sollicitous Encumberment. 
1854 7ait's Mag. XXI1. 454 Escaping from the rich encum- 
berment of the metropolitan Daily News 3 Dec. 
6 Droves of cattle .. add to incum ent of the way. 

+b. Contextually used for: Satanic temptation. 
Obs. Cf. ENCUMBER 2. 3 c. 

1330 Arth. § Merl. 706 It was .. The deuel’ foule en- 
cumbrement. 1§.. Merlin 645 in Furniv. Percy Folio 1. 
442 Thorrow the fieendes incomberment, 

+c. Molestation, disturbance. Ods. 
1509 Hawes Past, Pleas. 14 Without Saturnus blacke 


(Wright’s text) Care & encombraunce is comen to vs alle. 
€ 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 2657 So I me drede..To haue 
som grete encomberaunce. 1509 Fisner Fun. Serm. C’tess 
Richm. (1708) 28 A lyfe voyde of all sorrow and encom- 
brance. 1559 Homilies 1. Fear of Death mt. (1859) 103 The 
great encombrance which our spirit hath by this sinful flesh. 
+b. Satanic temptation := ENCUMBERMENT I b. 
c1450 Merlin, Wyte ye well that this is the encombraunce 
of the deuell. 

2. concr, That which encumbers ; a burden, im- 
pediment, ‘dead weight’; a useless addition; in 
stronger sense, an annoyance, trouble. 

1535 Stat, 27 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Which. .shall be a t in- 
cumberance to all such the Kinges subiectes. 1583 GoLDING 
Calvin on Deut. ii. 8 The incomberaunces are .. so at 
as it would bee vnpossible for vs to ouercome them if God 
assisted vs not. 1653 Mitton a (1659) 95 To hire 
incumbents or rather incumbrances for life-time. 1748 ANSON 
Voy. 1. i. (ed. 4) 16 This incumbrance of a convoy gave us 
some uneasiness. 1764 Burn Poor Laws 172 Housekeepers 
will be freed from the intolerable incumbrance of beggars 
at their doors. 1833 I. Taytor Fanat. ii, 35 Malign dis- 

sitions and vindictive habits are.. miserable encum- 

rances of the mind. 185 Mariotti /taly in 1848 iv. 234 
The great mass of volunteers, especially Lombards, were 
looked upon as a mere encumbrance. 1860 Tynpa.t Glac. 
1. § 27. 196 Divesting my limbs of every encumbrance. 

3. A person dependent on another for support ; 
esp. in phrase Without encumbrance = ‘having no 
children’. 

1742 Frecpinc Yos. Andrews w. ii, I will have no more 
incumbrances brought on us. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 
165 §4. 148 Left the younger sons encumbrances on the 
eldest. 1833 Hr. Martineau Three Ages iii. 109 The widow 
.. may advertise herself as ‘without incumbrance’, to un- 
dertake any situation. 1865 Pa// Mal/G. 28 Nov. 10 Coach- 
men..rarely have children, or, as they say. .incumbrances. 

4. Law. A burden on property: ‘A claim, lien, 
liability attached to property; as a mortgage, a 
registered judgment, etc.’ (Wharton). 

a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law 27 These acts are 
collaterall encombrances. 1642 Perkins Prof. Ba. iv. § 269. 
120 He hath this Land without encombrance of Action. 
1658 Siincssy Diary (1836) 200 That my ancient and line- 
ally descended estate, might without incumbrance fall upon 
you my elder son. 1 unius Lett. xl, 204 You accepted 
the succession with all itsencumbrances. 1836 Kent Comm. 
Amer. Law (1873) IL, xxxix. 483 If a vendor, knowing of 
an encumbrance upon an estate, etc. 

Encumbrancer (enky'mbrinsaz). Law. Also 
in-. [f. ENcuMBRANCE+-ER.] One who has an 
encumbrance or legal claim on an estate. 

1858 Lp. St. Lzonarps Handy Bk, Prop. Law viii. 50 
A preferable title to any former purchaser or encumbrancer. 
1863 Grapstone Financ. Statem. 22 A large body of 
mortgageors, incumbrancers, and life-renters. 

+Encu'mbrancy. Ods. rare—'. In 6 in- 

[f. as prec.: see -ANCY.] = ENCUMBRANCE 4. 

1554 in Archaeol. XX XIX. 188 The Quenes Mat! to dis- 
c ge the purchaser of all incumbrauncy. 

+Encu'mbrous, a. Olds. Forms: a, 4 en- 
coumberous, 4-5 encomb(e)rous(e, 6- encum- 
brous. Also 8. 4incombrous, [a. OF, encom- 
bros, £. encombre; see ENcuMBER sd, and -ous.] 
Cumbersome, distressing, troublesome. 

c 1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame Harde langage. .ys encom: 
brouse for to here. ¢1392 — Comp. Venus 42 But ful en- 

b tur. brous) is pe vsing. 1413 Lypc. 
Pilgr. Sowle u. xliv. (1859) 50 The mooste encomberous 
melodye that euer I herde byfore. Srrayre Cranmer 
u. iii. note (D.), To avoid many encumbrous arguments, 
+Encumbry. 0¢s. vave—!. In 6 incombrye. 
[f. ExcumBer v, + -y.] = ENCUMBRANCE. 

1546 Garviner Decl. Artic. Foye 82b, To make the 
husband des for that ye, ye teach men .. that 
they may haue as lawfully two wyues at ones, as one. 

p: see En- fref) 1 a. 

Encur, obs. form of Inour. 

Encurb, Encurse: see En- pref! 3. 

Encurl (enki11), v. Also incurl. [f. En-1+ 
Curt.] ¢vans. To twist, twine, interlace. 

1647-8 Herrick Poems (1869) App. Efithal, viii, Like 
streames which flow Encurlld together. — Hesper Wks. 
(1876) IT, 253 Be she bald or do's she weare Locks incurl'd of 


other haire, 
, obs. var. INCURSION. 


ENCYCLICAL. 


Encurtain (enksuitén, -t’n), v. Forms: 4 
encortin, 6 encurtine, incorteyn, incurtain, 
-teyn, 7 en-, a encurtain. [a. 
OF. encortine-r, encourtine-r, £. en- in+ cortine, 
courtine CURTAIN.] 
1. trans. te : ier eovelop Shoat 
1 ode 
ind mnie and encrin,rtan'', Besta ah 
in incorteyned 

H Pi i, Th 

“thelr ‘hetee with such wales dyed Ta 


2. trans. and fig. To surround as with a curtain ; 
to shroud, veil. 

1596 Fitz-Gerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 97 Since first these 
clouds his [the sunne’s] face incurtained. c 1800 K. Wuite 
Poet. Wks. (s8ga)78 Encurtain'd in the main. 1869 SpurGEON 
Treas. Dav. Ps, xviii. 11 Blessed is the darkness which en- 
curtains my God. 

+3. Fortification. (See quot.) Obs. rare—*. [So 
encortiner in OF .; cf. CurTAIN sb.] 

1598 FLorio, Cortinare, to encurtine, to flank or fortifie 
about with a wall. 

Hence Encu'rtained ppl. a. 

X Marxuam Sir 2, Grinvile \xxxviii, 


Stan. t 
darkned by incurtaind light. 1606 Cuarpman J, D' Olive 
the encourtaind windowes .. I 


Plays 1873 I. 190 aa 
sen light Tigan 1631 Bratuwait Whimsies, Gamester 40 
At the end of every act, the encurtain’d musique sounds, 

Encushion : see En- pref! 1 a. 

-ency, ad. L. -entia, the termination of abstract 
sbs. formed upon pr. pples. (ppl. adjs. or sbs.) in 
-ent- by means of the suffix -7@ (whence Eng. - 
in modesty, fallacy, etc.: see -¥, -cY). The A 
sbs. in -entia a those in -za generally) denoted 
primarily pe ities or states; but some of them 
came by development of sense to be nouns of 
action or process, and in late L. and in Romanic 
the formation of nouns of action became the normal 
function of the suffix. Consequently the Eng. sbs. 
in -ENCE (which are adaptations of L. types in 
-entia either through Fr. or according to Fr. ana- 
logies) have very frequently the sense of action or 
process, either in addition to, or to the exclusion 
of, that of quality or state. The sbs. in -ency, on 
the other hand, being purely English adaptations 
of the Latin types, have properly only the sense 
of quality or state, and concrete senses thence 
dneopet. As exemplifying this difference of use 
between the two suffixes, cf. recurrence and cur- 
rency, confluence and fluency, residence and pre- 
sidency. When the same word exists in both the 
-ence and the -ency forms, the tendency is (where 
the sense of the verbal etymon permits) to restrict 
the former to action or process (z.¢, to connect its 
meaning rather with that of the vb. than with that 
of the adj.), while the latter is used to express 


quality; cf. coherence and coherency, persistence 
and fersistency. In a few instances forms of 


a word have equally the sense of quality or con- 
dition ; in most of cases the one or the other 
of the forms has become obsolete or archaic; 
where they are both in current use, the distinction 
usually is that -ewcy has a more distinct reference 
to the sense of the related adj. or sb. in -e/, con- 
sidered as the predicate of some particular subject ; 
cf. for example, ‘sentience is an attribute of 
animals’ with ‘some maintain the sentiency of 
plants’. See -ancy. 


(ensairklik), a. and sb. [ad. late L. 


encyclicus, an altered form (with substitution of 
su of encyclius, a. Gr. of same mean- 
ing. f é in + Kv«d-0s circle. 


“t 
l= senate A.1, = ns 
Hist, Europe in Ann. Reg. is recovery was 
followed by the | eg 9 = Bac ralie Teter.» 1866 
Fetton ajay A ‘od. Gr. 1. ix. 438 The encyclic, or liberal 
education at period, emb d seven dep 
2. nonce-use. Encircling. 
1850 Mrs. Browninc Vis, Poets I. 202. Dropping from 
Heaven's encyclic rim. 
B. sb. = Enoyortoar B. 
185x Maniortt /taly in 1848 iv. 251 The Papal 


ic of 


iy a ee ee 1864 Py 
terms Encyclic @ separation 
dew Tberty and Roman Catholicism. ~~ 


|| Ency’clica, vave. [mod.Lat. fem. of ency- 
clicus : see o. we Ree tr 2 Ze 
1888 Catholi 8 Aug. 5/3 To the Encyclica 
83, the Cath if responded 


September 1883, the Catholics .. To the 
Pontifical follow, etc. 

En (ensoi-klikal), @. and sd, [f. late 
L. encyclicus (see ENoyouto) + -AL.] 


A. adj. 
L Antiy. Used as transl. of Gr. éyededros (madela), 
onl eg (education) ; cf. ENCYCLOPEDIA I. 
aa x Batis Persius 301 The learning, which they 
2. Of an ecclesiastical epistle : Circular, intended 


ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


for extensive circulation. Now chiefly of letters 


issued by the pope. ‘ 

1647 Jer. Taytor Dissuas. Popery u.u. §2 Wks. (1822) XI. 
85 Their [the Greeks’ ipo and most learned prelate. .did 

.. publish an encyclical epistle against the definition of the 
council, 1805 Br. Horsey Bs etit. Rom. Cath. Speeches 
(1813) II. 242, The apostolical vicars put forth an encyclical 
letter forbidding the poorle. .to take theoath, 1882 Farrar 
Early Chr, IU. Fe The encyclical letter from the Church of 
Jerusalem, of which St. James was the main author. 
B. sb, An encyclical letter; see A. 2. 

1837 J. H. Newman in British Critic XXII. 282 When a 
new Encyclical issues from Rome, etc. 1 Sat, Rev. 
3 Dec. 791 No one can read the Pope’s new Encyclical 
without feeling, etc, 1871 Macpurr Mem. Patmos v.56 This 
most deeply spiritual encyclical. 1873 Mannine Mission H. 
Ghost xiii. 376 Pius IX..in the Encyclical..condemned.. 
the separation of Philosophy and Science from revelation. 

Eda papa encyclopedia (ensoi:klo- 
pzdia). Also 7 in adapted forms encyclopeedie- 
-y, -pedie, -pedy, -ped(e. [a. late L. encyclopedia, 
a. pseudo-Gr. éyxveAomadeia, an erroneous form 
(said to be a false reading) occurring in MSS. 
of Quintilian, Pliny, and Galen, for éyb«dAuos 
maidela ‘ encyclical education’, the circle of arts and 
sciences considered by the Greeks as essential to 
a liberal education (cf. ENcyciicat A. 1). 

The spelling with 2 has been preserved from becoming 
obs. by the fact that many of the works so called have Latin 
titles, as Encyclopedia Britannica, Londinensis, etc.] 

1. The circle of learning; a general course of 
instruction. 

1531 Eryor Gov, 1. xiii, The circle of doctrine .. is in one 
worde of greke Encyclopedia. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. 
Ep, a3 a, To Rdr., In this Encyclopedie and round of know- 
ledge. 1654 WuuitLocK Zootomia 187 Borrowed from 
the Bank of the Encyclopedia, or generall Learning. 1662 
Puittirs Dict. Advt., A Dictionary for the English Tongue, 
would require an Encyclopedy of knowledge. 1681 T. 
MannyncuaM Disc. 54 They make .. the whole Encyclo- 

e of Arts and Sciences but a brisker Circulation of the 
lood., 1686 Goan Celest. Bodies in. iii. 459 The Student .. 
who shall think fit to take so useful a Theory in his En- 
“Hes pee h 1708 Motteux Raédelais v, xx, In you are 
lodg’d a Cornucopia, an Encyclopedia, an unmeasurable 
Profundity of Knowledge. 1868 M. Pattison Academe. 
Org.277 An education which aimed at a little encyclopedia 
of elementary knowledge. ny 

2. A literary work containing extensive informa- 
tion on all branches of knowledge, usually ar- 
ranged in alphabetical order. 

The word in this sense appears first as the title of certain 
works published in the 17th cent. es. that of Alstedius (see 
quot. 1819). 

1644 T. Diconson in Bulwer Chirologia a 2 Thy Enchiri- 
dion.. became th’ Encycloped. 1662 EveLyn Chalcogr. 
(1769) 123 A kind of encyclopedia of all .. and memorable 
things. 1716 M, Davies Ath. Brit. 11. 342 Mr. Record had 
scarce any Precedents or Patterns in his Encyclopedy of 
Learning to copy after. 1768 (¢2t/e) Encyclopedia Britan- 
nica. 1819 Pantologia s. v, Encyclopedia, The first work 
we have seen under the title of Encyclopedia, is J. H. 
Alstedii Encyclopedia, which was published in 1632, in two 
vols. folio. 184x Myers Cath. Th. m1. ii. 4 The Bible is 
.. by no means indeed an Encyclopedia. 1859 Darwin 
Orig. Spec. i. (1873) 24 An ancient Chinese encyclopedia. 

humorously, 1837 Dickens Pickw. xxiv, Mr. Pickwick 
..looked encyclopedias at Mr. Peter Magnus. 1885 ///ust. 
Lond, News 19 Dec. 648 Maida [a girl] was an ency- 
et = of knowledge. 

. Sometimes applied sZec. to the French work 
‘Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné desSciences, 
des Arts, et des Métiers’ (1751-1765), by Diderot, 
D’Alembert, and other eminent scholars and men 
of science. 

1773 (titZe) Select Essays from the Encyclopedy. 1 
Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 207 The vast undertaking of The 
Encyclopedia, 1872 Morey Voltaire (1886) 161 Diderot 
was busy (1750) with the first volume of the Encyclopedia, 

3. An elaborate and exhaustive repertory of infor- 
mation on all the branches of some particular art 
or department of knowledge; esf. one arranged 
in alphabetical order. 

180r (¢i¢/e) The Encyclopedia of Wit. 1807 (tit/e) The 
Vocal Encyclopedia : comeriets a variety of popular songs, 
etc. 1859 Smites Se//help 6x Introduced in the historical 
part of his [Loudon’s] laborious Encyclopaedia of Gardening 
.. The result of which spore in his Encyclopedias. 1881 
(titZe), Hamersly’s Naval Encyclopedia. 

Hence Ency:clops'diac a. [see -ac], = Ency- 
CLOPEDIC; Ency:clopedi-acal a. [see -ACAL],= 
prec.; Ency:clopsdial @. [see -aL], of or per- 
taining to an encyclopedia (see ENCYCLOPEDIA 2). 

1886 Athenzum 27 Feb. 298/3 His encyclopediac know- 
ledge renders it probable he will make an excellent librarian. 
1836 Blackw. Mag. XL. 589 It is the object of many .. to 
render instruction encyclopediacal. 1848 Fraser's Mag. 
XXXVII. 216 The tendency of the Alexandrian school was 
encyclopediacal throughout. 1818 Blackw. Mag. III. 658 
Our Encyclopaedial lion is fangless and toothless. 

Encyclopzdian (ensoi:klop7-diin), @. and sé, 
[f. a +-AN.] : 

. adj. a. Embracing the whole circle of 
learning ; comprising a wide range of subjects. 
b. Of the nature of or resembling an encyclopzdia. 

1837 New Monthly Mag. XLIX. 439 A work of this order 
.- is inits nature encyclopedian. 

B. so. 

+1, = Enoycropapisr 1 b. Obs. rare, 

Vor. IIT. 


153 


3834 Becxrorp /taly II. 249 Voltaireists and encyclope- 
dians have poisoned all sound doctrine. 

"12. app. = Enoyonop#pia 1. [? Meant for a 
Gr. accusative. ] 

162x Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. ut. xv. (1651) 132 Let them 
have that Encyclopedian, all the learning in the world. 

Ency:clope‘diast. vave—'.  [f. Encycuo- 
P&DIA, on the analogy of Lcclestast.] = Ency- 
CLOPEDIST I b. 

1818 Blackw. Mag. 111.26 Had he been less munificent in 
his ap, of French encyclopzediasts. | ; 

Encyclopedic, encyclopedic (ensoi:klo- 
p'dik), a. [f, as prec.+-10.] Of, pertaining to, 
or resembling an encyclopedia (see ENncycio- 
PEDIA I); that aims at embracing all branches 
of learning ; universal in knowledge, very full of 
information, comprehensive. 

1824 Blackw. Mag. XVI. 26 Attempts at bringing know- 
ledge into encyclopedic forms. 1838-9 Hattam Hist. Lit. 
II. 1. viii. 335 So comprehensive a notion of zoology displays 
a mind accustomed to encyclopedic systems. 1862 Meri- 
vALE Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. liv. 470 Another feature of 
Lucan’s Pharsalia is its affectation of encyclopedic know- 
ledge. 1872 Minto Eng. Lit, 1. ii. 92 That encyclopedic 
statistician [Macaulay’s father]. 1876 Green Short Hist. 
i. § 4(1882) 37 The encyclopedic character of his researches 
left him in heart a simple Englishman. . 

Encyclopedical, encyclopedical (en- 
soi:klopz‘dikal), a. [f. as prec. +-AL.] = prec. 

165r Futter Adel. Rediv. 104 Encuclopedicall wisdome 
..he esteemed rather a learned sort of madnesse, then 
etc. 1837 WHEWELL Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 192 An 
encyclopedical view of human knowledge. 1858 CaRLYLE 
Fredk. Gt. (1865) X. xxt. viii. 156 The King’s encyclopedical 
conversation enchanted me completely. i 

Encyclopedism, encyclopedism (en- 
sdi:klop?diz’m). [f. ENcycLoP&DIA + -ISM.] 

1. Encyclopedic learning ; the possession of the 
whole range of knowledge. 

1833 CartyLe, Diderot, Misc. V. 45 This exaggerated 
laudation of Encyclopedism. 1856 R. VaucHan Mystics 
(1860) I. 1, i, 6 Not that he [Gower] sets up for Ency- 
clopedism ; on the contrary, he laments .. the scantiness 
of his knowledge. i 

2. The doctrines of the Encyclopzedists (see En- 
CYCLOPEDIST 1 b). 

1835 Fraser's Mag. XI. 102 A time of Tithe Controversy, 
Encyclopedism, Catholic Rent, Philanthropism, and the 
Revolution of Three Days !_ 1840 Mitt Diss. § Disc. (1859) 
II, French philosophy, with us, is still synonymous with 
Encyclopedism. z 4 

Encyclopedist, encyclopedist 
sai:klopz-dist). [f. as prec. + -IST. 

1. A compiler of or writer in an encyclopzdia. 

1651 Evetyn Jem. (1857) I. 278 Curtius..had been scholar 
to Alstedius, the Encyclopedist. 1845 Forp Handbk. Spain 
§ 1.31 zote, St. Isidore .. was the Pliny, the Bede, the En- 
cyclopedist of his age. ; 

b. esp. one of the writers of the French Zucy- 
clopédie (see ENCYCLOPEDIA 2b); often with a 
disparaging allusion to the tenets they promul- 
gated. 

1796 Hutton Math. §& Philos. Dict. Pref. 5 To have re- 
course to.. the still more stupendous performance of the 
French Encyclopedists. 1800 Month. Mag. VIII. 597 The 
encyclopedists undertook to new model .. the old-fashioned 
religious. opinions of that country [France]. 1829 CARLYLE 
Misc. (1857) 11. 53 What Steam-engine .. did these Ency- 
clopedists invent for mankind? 

3. One who attempts to deal with every branch 
of knowledge, or whose studies have a very ex- 
tensive range. 

1871 Biackie Four Phases i. 132 Aristotle .. like a true 
encyclopedist, was content to register the gods whom he 
had not the heart to worship. 

Encyclopedize, encyclopedize (ensoi- 
klp‘pedoiz), v. [f. as prec.+-IZE.] trans, a. To 
arrange as an encyclopedia (see ENCYCLOPEDIA 1); 
to exhibit (knowledge) in a systematic form. b. 
To describe in an encyclopedia (see ENcyc1o- 
PEDIA 2), 

1824 Byron ¥uax xv. Ixviii, Dictionaries Which encyclo- 
pedise both flesh and fish. 1824 Blackw. Mag. XVI. 32 The 
attempt to exhibit all Science in one body, the attempt to 
exhibit all Science to one mind, which are the two forms of 
the attempt to encyclopedize knowledge. 

|| Encyliglotte. Ods. [Fr. excyliglotte (Rabe- 
lais), app. a corruption of Gr. dy«vAdyAwooov 
(*-yAwrrov), the condition of being tongue-tied ; 
cf. mod. Fr. ancyloglosse.] The string of the tongue. 

@ 1693 Urquuart Radelais m1. xxxiv, The Encyliglotte, 
which she had under her tongue being cut, she spoke, 

Encyse, obs. form of INcIsE v. 

Encyst (ensist), v. [f En-1 + Cyst] ¢rans. 
To enclose in a cyst, capsule, or bag; only in 
pa. pple. and refl. 

1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 272 Gall-stones in the substance of 
the liver .. are often encysted. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca 
(1856) 67 Shell npecus by two short styles, encysted in 
the substance of the mantle. 1882 Mature XXVI, The 
cercaria. .soon came to rest, showing a tendency to encyst 
itself on surrounding objects. ui Gia ® 

Jig. 1873 Symonps Gk, Poets xii. 418 Even in Pindar, 
moral mysticism is, as it were, éncysted, like an alien de. 
posit, in the more vital substance of aesthetic conceptions. 

Encystation (ensist2i‘fon), Bzo/. [f. prec. + 
-ATION.] The process (observed in some Protozoa) 


(en- 


END. 


of becoming surrounded with a cyst, bag, or 
capsule ; = ENcysSTMENT. 

1869 Nicuotson Zoo/. 61 Reproduction in Vorticella.. by 
a process of encystation and endogenous division. 1877 
Hoxtey Anat, Inv. An. xii. 660 The Heliozoa propagate by 
simple division with or without previous encystation. 

Encysted (ensi'stéd), fp/. a. [f. as prec. + 
-ED 1,] That is contained in a cyst or sac. Encysted 
tumour: a tumour consisting of a fluid or other 
substance enclosed in a cyst. Also fig. 

1705 T. GREENHILL in Phil, Trans. XXV. 2010, 1.. found 
it to be of that sort of Wens or encisted Tumors called 
Atheroma. 1782S. F. Simmons in Med. Commun. I. 102 The 
dropsy was supposed to be of the encysted kind. 1824 
Coverince Aids Ref. (1848) 1. 256 The encysted venom, or 
poison-bag, beneath the adder’s fang. 1861 O. W. Hotmes 
Elsie k. 222 Encysted griefs, if we may borrow the chirur- 
geon’s term. — ; 

Encysting (ensi‘stin), vd/. sd. [f. Excysr v. 
+-InGL] The action of the verb Encysr. 

1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 501 An eye may be destroyed 
while the encysting is going on. 

Encystment (ensi‘stmént). [f as prec. + 
-MENT.| a. ‘ The condition of an encysted tumour’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). b. Biol. The process of becoming 
surrounded by a cyst. 

1865 Pall MallG. No. 354. 1016/2 The encystment of the 
parasites. 1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. An. ii. 96 These Fla- 
gellata.. present various modes of agamic multiplication 
by fission, preceded or not by encystment. 

Encyte, obs. form of INcITE. 

End (end), 5. Forms: 1-7 ende, (2 aend,-e, 
4 eende, hende, 4, 6 eande, 4 aend, eond, 5 
heynd, 7 da/. eend), 3- end. Also 3-5 3ende, 
4 3end, 5 3ynde, 6 yende. [Common. Teut.: 
OE. gnde str. mase., corresponds to OS. evdz (Du. 
einde), OHG. ent mase. (also neut.; MHG., ende 
masc., neut., mod.G, ede neut.), ON. ender (also 
ende wk. masc.; Sw. dude masc., dxda fem., Da. 
ende), Goth. andets:—OTeut. *andjo-z :—pre-Teu- 
tonic *aztjo'-s, cogn. with Skr. dufa masc., neut., 
end, boundary, with Anp fref., and with OHG. 
ant, endi, ON. enne neut. (:-—OTent. *anpjo(m :— 
*antjo(m) forehead. 

In some dialects of ME. the ¢ became long. The forms 
jendle, 3ynd\e, yende may be merely phonetic developments 
of énd, or they may possibly be due to the influence of the 
vb. Y-END (OE. 3eendan). ] 

I. With reference to space. 

1, The extremity or outermost part (in any 
direction) of a portion of space, or of anything 
extended in space; utmost limit. Ods, in general 
sense; retained in phrase, the end(s of the earth. 

c 825 Vesp. Psalter Ps. xviii. [xix.] 4 In alle eordan uteo de 
swoez heara and in endas ymbhwyrftes eordan word heara. 
¢ 1000 Ags. Ps. xviii. [xix]. 4 Ofer ealle eordan endas [fard] 
heora word. c 1305 St. Kenelm 150 in FE. E. P. (1862) 51 
Forto pleyen him bi pe wodes ende, 1389 in Exg. Gilds 
(1870) 7 Wt oute pe cite townes ende. a 1400-50 Alexander 
173 All be erth of Egipt fra end vnto othere Bees conquirid. 
1599 ? GREENE George a Greene (1861) 265 But darest thou 
walk to the towns end with me? 1657 J. Smitu Myst. 
Rhet. 66 Christ shall..reign from the River to the end of 
the land, 1713 Porr Windsor For. 399 Earth’s distant ends 
our glory shall behold. dod. I would go with him to the 
world’s end. . : 

b. A limit of magnitude or multitude. 

c 825 Vesp. Psalter Ps. cxliv.[cxlv.] 3 Micel dryhten and 
hergendlic swide and micelnisse his nis ende. 1600 Suaxs. 
A. ¥.L. 11. iii. 53 Many a man knowes no end of his goods. 
1865 Mitx in Zvening Star 10 July, There was no end to 
the advantages. ae E 

+e. A boundary. In Z/. territorial boundaries 
[? after L. fines]. Obs. 


1388 Wycuir. Zsa. x. 13 Y haue take awei the endis of 
peplis. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 72/2 The Ryuer of the 
endes of the phylisteis. 1526 Tinpate Acts xvii. 26 And 
the endes of their in habitacion. 1570 Bittincstey Euclid 
1. def, 5. 2 A line is the ende and terme of a superficies. 

+2. A ‘quarter’, division, region (of the world, 
of a country or town). Ods. (but cf. East-END, 
WEST-END, where this sense blends with 3). _ 

¢ 893 K. trrep Oros. ui, Pas feower heafodricu sindon 
on feower endum pyses middangeardes. @ 1225 St. Marher. 
(1862) 16 Ant al pe ende bet tu ant heo habbed in ierdet. 1297 
R. Grove. (1724) 377 Al pat a3t was in Engelond he let 
somony in ech ende To Salesbury. ¢ 1 R. Brunne 
Chron. (1810) 32 Alle pe north ende was in his kepyng. 
¢ 1480 Loneticn Grail lii. 540 Zoure fadir sendeth Into 
every ende aftyr his knyhtes. ae : 

3. One of the two extremities of a line, or of 
the ‘length’ or greatest dimension of any object ; 
that part of anything that includes the extremity 
of its length. From end to end: from one ex- 
tremity to the other; throughout the length. 

a 1228 Ancr. R. 430 He pe well blowed went be neruwe 
ende of be horne to his owune mude. c 1340 Cursor M. 
23201 (Edinb.) pe pitte of helle pin, it es sa dep..pat end ne 
bes bar neuir apon. c 1394 J. MALVERNE Contx. Higden 
(Rolls) LX. App. 3 Perrexitque ad locum qui Anglice vocatur 
© Mile ende.’ cx400 Destr. Troy 8795 Euer folowand the 
fell to be fyngur endys. _a@ 1533 Lp. Berners Huon xxv. 
75 Oberon satte at the tables ende. 1551 RecorpE Pathw. 
‘Knowl. t. xiv, In the eande of the other line. 1602 Return 


Jr. Parnass. 11. vi.(Arb.) 32 Your Hobby will meete you at 


thelanes end, 1632 LituGow Totall Discourse 22, 1 haue 
trod foure seuerall times from end to end of it [Italy]. 1664 
Evetyn Kal. Hort, (1729) The Air Ground-pipe, 3 _ the 


END. 


whole length of the Green-house. .and naiine hom, end to 
end. 1 R. Hotme Armoury u. 79/1 The Billberry, or 
Windberry, is round at the end. 1721-1800 Baitey, Cann- 
Hook, an iron hook made fast to the end of a rope. 1 
Jounson Jdler No. 33 ® 25 Mutton-chops off the worst end. 
1760 Westey Pru. 30 June (1827) III. 9,1 was quickly wet 
to my toe’s end. Kinsey Water Bad, 39 The end 
of his own nose. W. W. Smytu Coal § Coal-mining 
166 On the floor of the cage or at the ends of a rod passing 
through its upper bar. 

+ b. The point of a spear. Ods. 4 

¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 9432 He bare hym burgh the brest with 
a bright end. 

c. (see LAND’s END.) y 

d. ? transf. In the game of Bowls: The on 
of a game which is played from one ‘end’ of the 
green to the other (see quot. 1876). Formerly 
also a definite portion of a game in Billiards and 
some other sports. - 

1688 R. Horme Armoury ul. 263/1 Five Ends make a 
Game by Day light, and three by Candle light. 1747 
Scheme Equip. Men of War Fu rapes an End or two at 
that innocent..Game, called Push Pin, 1876 H. F. Witk1n- 
son Bowls in Encycl. Brit. WV. 181 The be tate amped 
takes place alternately from the two ‘ends’ of the green, 
A ‘void end’ is when neither side can score a cast. 

4. The surface which bounds an object at either 
of its two extremities ; the ‘head’ of a cask. ‘ 

1 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 274 b, The hopes 
Pisco fast the bordes of the vessell.. & holdeth in ye 
endes that they start not. 1816 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & 
Art I. 224 Draw lines across each end of the stone. Mod. 
The ends of the cask were stove in. The ends of the box 
are of hard wood. 

5. A piece broken, cut off, or left; a fragment, 
remnant. Cf. CANDLE-END. Of cloth: A half- 
length, or half-piece. Also in Odds and ends (see 
Opps). 

1481 Howard Househ, Bks. (1841) 141 My lord sent to 
Stoke the carter ij.c. xxiiij. lb. yren, conteyning xj. 
endes. 1583 StusBes Anat. Abus. 1. 39 Scraps or shreds 
or short ends of lace. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. 66 A 
brokers shop that hath ends of everything. 1647 Warp 
Simp. Cobler 13 Give him leave to sell all hisrags, and odde- 
ends. 1704 in Lond. Gaz. No. 3986/4 Lost.. 5 yards anda 
half of superfine..Black, 12 yards and a half of refine 
Black..being both Last Ends, 1712 E. Harton Merch. 
Mag. 22 An End or Half Cloth, or a Long or Whole Cloth. 
1713 Swirt Frenzy of F. Dennis Wks. 1755 III. 1. 140 On 
his table were some ends of verse and of candles. 1887 
Riper Haccarp Yess xxxii, The bit of candle..was.. 
burnt out, so..he produced a box full of ‘ends.’ 

b. fig. Obs. exc. in Odds and ends (q. v.). 

1599 SHaks. Much Ado. i. 290 Ere you flout old ends 
any further, examine your conscience. 1605 B. Jonson 
Volpone Prol. Nor hales he in a gull, old ends reciting, To 
stop gaps in his loose writing. 1607 R. Witkinson Merch. 
Royall 26 Euerie Ladie. .if her husband haue bribed out but 
an end of an office, yet she reuels and playes Rex. 1634 
Br. Hatt Occas. Medit. Wks. (1808) 104 To improve these 
short ends of time, which are stolen from his more import- 
ant avocations. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 251 They call.. 
language of a finer Dresse, Ends of Playes. : 

ec. A part, proportion ; only with adjs. of quan- 
tity, as in + mzcel ende (OE.) a great part; + most 
end, also most an end [? corruption of *mosten 
ende, OE. méstan ende], used adverbially = ‘ for 
the most part’, ‘almost entirely’, ‘especially’ ; 
+ none end, no portion; @ good (great) end (dial.), 
a large proportion (of). 

O. E. Chron. an, 1052, Harold. .ofsloh mycelne ende 
pes folces. ¢ 1340 Cursor M.(Trin.) 14478 [The Jews] sou3ten 
him to slone And moost ende for pat resoun Pat he vp reised 
lazaroun. ?c ~~ How a Merchande, etc. 106 in E. P. P. 
(Hazl.) I. 201 To speke wyth none ende ofmykynne. 162: 
Liste 4 U/ric on O. & N. T. Jeremias..was oft in bands an 
cast into prison..and bore most an end the peoples sinnes. 
1676 HALE Contemfl. 1. 58 The credit of the Relator, which 
most an end depends upon another's credit. 1739 Grobianus 
122 Tipplers most an end are roaring Boys. 1869 R. B. 
Peacock Lonsdale Gloss. s. v., It cost me a girt end of a 
pound. /bid., Most on End ..used adverbially ; continu. 
ally, unremittin; t Mod. Derbysh., It cost me a good end 
of ten pounds. ve been waiting a good end obs an hour, 

6. In various technical uses. a. Coal-mining. 
The furthest part of a gallery or working. Ld 
of coal (see quot. 1881). 

1865 Morning Star 7 Jan, The men are of course usually 
at work in the ‘ends’, _ Huxtey Physiogr. 238 This 
direction is sometimes called the end of the coal. 188 
Raymonp Mining Gloss., End of coal, the direction or 
— at right-angles to the face; sometimes called the 

u 


tt. 

b. Naut. Cadle’s end, or simply end: the last 
length of a cable. Rofe’s end: a short length of 
rope bound at the ends with thread, used as an in- 
strument of punishment, Aztter end (see BrrrEr). 

Perrys Diary 23 June, I beat him, and then went up 
in to fetch my rope’s end. os Sir H. Parker Let. 6 Apr. 
in Duncan Nelson (1806) 140 They {ships} were riding with 
two cablesend. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Rope's end, 
the termination of a fall, and should be pointed or whipped. 
Formerly much used for illegal gen por 1882 Nares 
Seamanship (ed. 6) 145 Have plenty of end in the bows 
ready to make fast. 

c. A shoemaker’s end: a length of thread armed 
or pointed with a bristle ; = WAX-END, EF sc up 
one’s ends and awis (Sc.): i.e. all one’s effects. 

1598 F Lorto, Lesina, a shooe-makers ende or awle. 1656 
More Antid, Ath. 1. xi.(1712) 74 Two strings like two 
shoe-makers ends come from the hinder parts of the male. 


Brussels carpet. 


1875 Ure Dict. Arts I. 978 For spinning coarse numbers 

..Six card-ends are usually converted into one riband. 
II. With reference to time or serial order. 

7. The limit of duration, or close, of a period of 
time ; the termination, conclusion, of an action, 
process, continuous state, or course of events ; the 
terminal point of a series; the conclusion of a 
discourse, book, chapter, etc. 

¢1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 22 Sodlice se purhwunad od 
se by hal. c 1200 Ormin 4356 Forr seffne da3zhess brinng- 
enn a33 be wuke till hiss ende. c 1230 Hali Meid. 1 
Blisse pat cumed..withuten ani ende. ‘@ 1300 Cursor M. 
4236 Es noght his murning mai amend I wen bifor his liues 
. Ibid. 26595 If pou pis bok will se till end. x 
Ayenb. 262 Pis boc is ycome to pe ende. a aged Alex- 
ander 880 Philip..lofes hire [Olympias] lely to his lyfes 
ende. 1535 CoveRDALE 1 Cor. xv. 24 Then the ende, w 
he shal delyuer vp the kyngdome ynto God the father. 1568 
Grarton Chron. II. 22 Robert had heard this m e unto 
the ende. 1709 Appison Jatler, No. 24 P 3 This Felicity 
attending him to his Life’s End. 1803 ANDERSON 
Cumbld. Ball., Calep Crosby, Frae week en to week en. 
1862 STANLEY Yew. Ch. (1877) I. x. 198 The of the 
Jordan was not the end, but the erwin a is con- 
flict. 1876 Trevetyan Macaulay I. i. 13 He worked un- 
ceasingly..from year’s end to year’s end, 

b. The latter or concluding part (of a period, 
action, etc.). 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1. xx. (1495) 47 In the ende 
of the worlde the deuyll shall be..moche the more feruent 
to woodnesse. a 1200 Moral Ode in E. E. P. 26 Ac 3if pe 
ende is euel, al it is uuel. 1596 SHaxs. Merch. V.1. ili. 82 
The Ewes In end of Autumne turned to the Rammes. 
a@ 1744 Broome Epic Poetry (J.), The. .designs of an action 
are the beginning ;..the difficulties that are met with. .are 
the middle; and the unravelling and resolution of these 
difficulties are the end. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 
170 Kara George. .towards the end of the summer of 1806, 
approached the eastern frontier. : 

. Termination of existence; destruction, abo- 
lition. (The early examples of end of the world 
should perhaps be referred to 7, as world may 
have been taken in its older temporal sense; 


cf. however Fr. jin du monde.) 

832 Charter in Sweet O. E. T. 447 Set he Sas god fordleste 
06 wiaralde ende. c 1340 Cursor M. 22390 (Edinb.) His 
dome pate him sale driuetilende, 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. 
Sacr. ut, i. §8 The world may have an end before he proves 
his Atoms could give it a beginning. ar Locke (J.), 
There would be an end of all civil government, if the assign- 
ment of civil power were by such institution. 

b. The death (of a person) ; a mode or manner 
of death. 

¢ 1305 Edmund Conf. 590 in South-E: 
Pe more is bodi ipined was: pe ner he was ben ende. ¢ 1340 
Cursor M. 3905 (Trin.) Rachel bare. .beniamyn Pat was pe 
cause of hir ende. ¢ 1345 Z. EZ, Addit. P. C. 426 Bed me 
bilyue my bale stour, & bryng me on ende. c 1400 Destr. 
Troy 1438 —_ ye oo —— dae a pete geet ph gsores 
Eglam. 756 The dragon tan hys le. 1 RAFTON 
Chron. U1. 650 This ende had the valens Lorde, Richard 
Plantagenet Duke of Yorke. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. um. ii. 
44 Then if he loose he makes a Swan-like end, Fading in 
musique. Pepys Diary (1879) 1V. 338 Great talk of the 
good end that my Lord Treasurer made. 1738 Pore Zit. 
Gay, Unblam’d through life; lamented in thy end. 1807 
CrassE Par. Reg. 11. 38 Call then a priest and fit him for 
his end. 1879 Froupe Cesar vi. 52 To be murdered was 
the usual end of exceptionally distinguished Romans. 


+c. In phrase ¢o be the end of (cf. to be the death 
of). 

1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, u. i. 15 Lest..the.. King of Ki 
Bo | Either of, ‘ou to be the cehera end, 1597 —2 Hon 
IV, 1. iv. 130 This Apoplexie will (certaine) be his end. 

9. Ultimate state or condition. Chiefly in Bible 
phrases, in which, however, end is often mis- 
interpreted in sense 8 b. 

¢ 825 Vesp. Psalter xxxviii. [xxxix,] 5 Cud me doa dryhten 
ende minne. 161x Brste Ps. xxxvii. 37 Marke the perfect 
man, and behold the vpright: for the end of that man is 


peace. 

10. Latter (+/ast) end: variously used in senses 
7b, 8b, 9. Also Sc. hinder end. 

1382 Wyciir Zcc/us. i, 13 Wel shal be in the laste endys. 
1568 Grarton Chron. II. 158 The latter ende of this moneth 

July..the sAgitt> cence his leave of the king. x60x 
Suaxs. Ad/’s Well 11. v. 30 A good Trauailer is something 
at the latter end of a dinner. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort, 
(1729) 193 The middle or latter end of this month. 1670 
Corton £: 1, 1, 57 Towards the Dukes latter end, I 
read this History to him. 

+11. A termination of doubt or debate ; a reso- 
lution, device, expedient; an agreement, settle- 
ment. Ods, 

1297 R. Grove. (1724) 169 To London vorte wende, To 
nyme per ys conseyl, wuch were best 3ende. ¢ 1386 
Cuaucer Man of Law's T. 168 Wel sche sai ther nas 
non other ende. c 1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon, 
(1714) 66 Unto the time his said Kyng had made such End, 
with him, his Adherents, and Fautours, as hedesired. 1489 
Plumpton Corr. 82 The dayes men cannot agre us, so 


. Leg. (1887) 448 


Mr. Mydleton to make the end. 1942-3 Act 
VIII, ©. 27 § x00 Parties, te whoa eee ae 
hap to be committed, shall in nowise take any ende or 


t with the ers. 
+13. The Papen of seal — the accom- 
ment of a purpose: chiefly in phrases, Zo 
ate, senieSne ing to, be at (an) end. Also, 
the acme, utmost Obs. 2 
za at fou ma noght doo end. ey. o78s Wor dee 


he may noght mak end. c¢ 1340 Jéid. | Al pat 
fer begyone mot slain tf Rene hit bro 1375 


3our ende haf tane. c¢ Boetus, Laud MS. 
Sab Sa lipeeen ten wang ht atta To on conde Gar 
reryene to Seema, c 1590 Martowe M is 1. 

142 To the will of our desires toend. 1632 MassiNncER. 


Prorat Bu ist. Ded. 3 T 
juman seg Depart Ref. 3To 


13. Event, issue, result. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer L.G. W. 1774 Lucrece, What ende that I 

make, it shal beso! c¢ 1400 Afol. Loil, 28 Onli in name, & 
t! myth Cath, Angl. 114 AnEnde, 

exitus. 1589 977, Mags xix, But note the ende. 

ist, 11. xix. ( 


(r59%) 125 The ende went 
1633 Hevwoop Eng. Trav. wv. Wks. 1874 IV. 
73 The end still crownes the deede. néqz J. Jacnson Yrne 

oy T. ii. 160 It is the end that crownes the worke. 
a . Taytor Deukalion 1, vi. 50 The end shall crown us: 
The Gods are just. 

+b. Zo have its end(s) upon: to have influence 

upon. Ods, 

1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 49. 71 The Authority 
of one holy man, which has ey no ends upon me. 
1736 BuTLer Anal. viii. 396 Religion considered as a pro- 
bation has had its end upon all persons, to whom, etc, 

14. An intended result of an action; an aim, 
purpose. (Cf. L. finis.) To accomplish, answer, 
fulfil, gain, + make, serve one’s end(s: see those 
verbs. 

c1305 Edmund Conf, in E. E. P. (1862) 72 Hit schal 3ut 
likie wel bi ban bbe aa ende. 1, Sipney Afol. 
Poetrie (Arb.) next end is to make a good 
saddle. a 1628 1 Preston New Covt. (1634) 232 A right end 
never hath a crooked rule leading to it. 1654 WuiTLock 
Zootomia 184 They study..not to make their ends on any 
mans weaknesse. 1719 De For Crusoe (2840) I, x. 174 
This answered my en 1738, BerkeLey Free-think, in 
Math. § 6 Wks. 1871 III. have no end to serve but 
truth. 1759 Rosertson Hist. Scot. I. 1. 260 She had fully 

ined her end. 1832 Ht. Martineau Life in Wilds vii. 88 
Tox rather afraid of our e mistaking the means for 
the end. 1857 D, Jerrotp St. Giles x. 102 [He] was de- 
lighted. .that the ends of justice would be satisfied. 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 3 yney may fairly use a li 
violence in order to accomplish their end. 

b. In phrases, For or ¢o this (that, what, which) 


Now somewhat archaic or rhetorical ; the ordinary phrase 
io Wiclin Sel Wes. IL. 354 H power of him to pise 
138. Wycuir. Se; TIL. an im to pi: 
ende, ¢ 1400 MAUNDEV. v. site schulle knowe and preve, 
to the ende that schulle not ben 
Caxton Chesse 1v. ii. (1860) K iiij b, The faders 
es..to thende whan one was [with] they t 


ye. 1605 

Bacon A \ ieee Ss eee 
perete the Greek authors. 1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 28 
‘o which end, King Abbas, sends his Ambassadour to Con- 
stantinople, 1684 Bunyan Pi/gr. 11.70, I am come forth to 
withstand them, and tothat end will back the Lions. 1692 
Br. ELy Answ. Touchstone 187 It is to no end to look what 
St. Austinsaith. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 305 P12 Tothe End 
that they may be perfect also in this Practice. 1728 Sueri- 


pan Persius ut. (1739) 47 Study .. for what ye, were 

1 TSON V,V.u. For this end 
he Luther to app at Rome. Macautay 
Flgee . 1. 170 For these ends, and for these ends alone, 


to obtain arbitrary 
e. Sc. End’s errand: the sp 
x82x Gatt Sir A. Wylie II. 158 


design. 

they nothing of 
the end’s errand they come upon? oid 
15. A final cause ; pies for which a thing 
exists ; the purpose for which it is designed or 
a Tullyes Offic (1540) 4 Suche offyces 
Wemlaves to the ende ‘of wad Nye Goussna De 
Mornay xvi. 261 And as man is the end of the World, so 
is God the end of Man. 1648 Shorter Catech., Man's chief 
end is to hoeity Poteet is eee rere 1722 WoL- 
Laston Relig. Nat. vii. 14 end of is 
eats Pl xxiv, ¢ Tene oamticeed the hebione 
ofa a tin the endct govendannt. edger peg os 
Air§ a ee te ee ee 
a J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. 1. tv. it. 375 highest end 
of Church union. .is quiet and unanimity. 

III. Idiomatic phrases. 

16. With various prepositions forming advyb. 


phrases. 
a. At the end (ME. at jen, atten ende), tat 
end; at last. +b. For (an) end: in pore, 2 ag 
finally, ‘to cut the matter short’. ¢. J the end, 
+in end; ultimately, in the run. td. Zo 
an a consecutively, through whole period 
a 2 1300 Beket 8 Attan ende bi cas; Tho heo com age 


& ¢ 
thulke hous ther this Gilbert was. @ 1300 Cursor 


END. 


14879 (Gétt.) Pai at end him did onrod. 1340 Ayend, 128 
Atenende pe zene3ere..is ase pe ilke bet slepp amide pe ze. 
¢ 1320 Sur Tristr. 407 Of byng pat is him dere Ich man 
preise at ende. did. 3287 hadde woundes ille At be 
nende. 1632 Lirucow Totad/ Disc. 127 In end. .the slaves 
.-runne the Galley a shoare. 1872 Browninc Hervé Ried, 
My friend, I must speak out at the end, Though I find the 


s ig hard, 

b. 1570-6 Lamparve Peramd. Kent (1826) 221 Foran end 
therefore I tel you, etc. 1576 Firemmine Panoplie Ep. 10 
For ende, he counselleth Curio to take charge of the com- 
mon wealth, 1607 SHaks. Cov. 1. i. 260 
must etc, 

$ c 825 Vesp. Psalter ix. 19 Nales in ende ofer3eotulnis 
bid Searfena. 1568 Grarton Chvon. II. 165 But in the end 
the losse fell to the Englishmen. 1828-40 Ty1Ler Hist. 
Scot. (1864) I. 25 His [Edward I’s] power and influence 
would in the end induce the different parties to appeal to 
him. 1885 Manch. Exam. 13 July 5/5 The match in the 
end was very narrowly won by Harrow. . 

d. 1583 Stuspes Amat. Abuses (1877) 50 Never content 
with one colour or fashion two dayes to an ende. 1657 
Serjeant Schism Dispach’t 478 Would any government. . 
remain on foot three years to an end, if, etc. 1717 J. Fox 
Wanderer 160 Octavius ..told him he should not live 
another Hour to an End. 

17. On end (see also AN-END): +. at last; b. 
consecutively, without intermission ; +. on (one’s) 
way, forward, along; (whence 70 come on end, to 
come forward; (ME.) Zo set spell or tale on end, 
to begin a discourse) ; d. in an upright position, 
resting on (its) end. 

a@. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 25 Al swa he dot swa be swica 
bi-swiked hine seolfe on-ende. c 1320 Cast. Love 1064 
tt foreward on ende wel was i-holde. c 1325 &. EZ. Addit. 

P. A. 186, I drede on ende quat schulde byfalle. 

b. 1634 Rutuerrorp Le?t. No. 32(1862) I. 1x1 And was 
brought, thrice on end, in remembrance of you in my 
prayer to God. 1836 in Byron's Wks. (1846) 552/1 The 
ministerial prints raved for two months on end. 1882 
Besant AZZ Sorts vii, Working sixteen hours on end at two- 
pence an hour. 

C. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. (Trin.) 1295 Seeth set tale on ende 
(Cott. spell o-nend] And tolde whi he was sende. 1621 
Sanverson Sev, I, 188 These would be soundly spurred 
up, and whipped on end. 1630 /déd. II. 266 Others will not 
come on end chearfully. 

d. a 1300 Cursor M. 25049 Pe cros..quen it es sett on end 

euen, It takens pes tuix erth and heuen. 1598 GRENEWEY 

‘acitus’ Descr. Germany Vi. (1622) 269 The Sueuians.. haue 
their hair standing on end. 1784 Cowper Jas 1v. 86 
Katerfelto, with his hair on end At his own wonders. 1836 
Random Recoll, Ho. Lords xvi. 383 His dark hair. .stands 
on end on the fore part of his head. 1839 W. Irvine Wo- 
fert’s R. (1855) 143 A great hotel in Paris is a street set 


‘on end. 

18. Without end (ME. buten ende): endlessly, 
for ever ; also in adjectival sense, endless, World 
without end: used as transl. late L. 2 secula secu- 
Zorum, ‘ for ever and ever’; also attrib. 

@ 1000 Boeth. Metr. xxi. 44 Pet micle leoht. .is..Ece butan 
ende, ¢ 1200 Orin 409 Rihhtwise menn. .shulenn habbenn 
..A butenn ende blisseinoh. c 1320 Six 7vistr. 2417 He 3af 
to blauncheflour Wales wip outen end Bidene. 138 . 
Wycur Wks. (1880) 24 Helle wib-outen hende. 1450-1530 
Myrr. our Ladye 326 The vyrgyn mary..rayneth with 
cryste without enden. 1549 Bk. Com. Prayer, Gloria 
Patri, As it was in the beginning, is now and ever shall be: 
world without end. 1577 St. dug. Manual 23 Pleasaunt 
tunes..are song to thy glory..without all end. 1588 SHaxs. 
L.L. Lv. ii. 799 A time me thinkes too short, To make a 
world-without-end bargaine in. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 67 
Torture without end Still urges. 

19. +a. End for end: (Naut., of a cable) paid 
out to the full length (0ds.). b. Zo shift, turn 
end for end: to put each end of (a thing) where the 
other was; chiefly Vaut., to reverse (a rope), to 
upset (a boat). Zo go end for end: (of a boat) 
to be upset. Also in same sense, Lzd over end. 
ce. End to end: with the ends in contact, length- 
wise. 

a@. 1627 Capt. SmitH Seaman’s Gram. vii. 30 End for end 
is when the Cable runneth cleere out of the Hawse, or any 
Rope out of his shiuer. 1769 FaLconer Dict. Marine (1789) 
Fibr le cable bout par bout, to veer away the cable to the 
end, to veer out the cable end-for-end, 

b. 3734 Nortu Exam. u. v. § 2 (1740) 316 We must 
turn our Style End for End. 1758 in PAil. Trans, LVILI. 
284 The axis of the telescope was turned end for end; that 
is, the telescope .. was turned upside down. 1804 A. Dun- 
CAN ‘Mariners Chron. 1, 224 A heavy sea striking the 
afterpart, it [the boat] went end for end over. 1805 W. 
Hunter in Naval Chron. XIII. 23 It would turn the 
Cutter end-over-end. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., To 
shift a rope end for end, as in a tackle, the fall is made the 
standing part, and the standing part becomes the fall. 
1870 LoweLL Study Wind. 201 He turns commonplaces 
end for end. x Beprorp Sailor's Pocket-bk. § 6 (ed. 2) 
219 The boat will be thrown..end over end. 

G. 1860 TynpALL Glac. 11. § 1. 228, 39000 waves of red 
light placed end to end would make up an inch. 

20. a. End on: placed so as to present the end 
directly towards the eye, or towards any object ; 
opposed to broadside on. Also attrib, Chiefly 


Naut. 

1832 Marryat JV. Forster xlvii, She .. being then nearly 
endon. 1834 Mrs. SoMERVILLE Connex. Phys. Sc. xxxiv. 
(1849) 373 single pole end-on is sufficient. 1836 E. 
Howarp R. Reefer xli, From the end-on view we had of 
her, we could not count her ports. 1866 BALLANTYNE 
Shifting Winds iv. (1881) 31_The lifeboat met the next 
breaker end-on. 1880 Mac Cormac Axtisept. Surg. 22 
The accident was caused by a scaffold plank of wood. .fall- 
ing end-on upon the man’s head. 


‘or an end, we 


155 


b. End up: with the end uppermost. 

21. No end: (collog.) a vast quantity or number 
(of). Also (mod. slang) as adv., = ‘immensely’, 
‘to any extent’; and (with of) qualifying a pre- 
dicate. Cf. 1b. 

1623 Bincuam Xenophon 143 You .. made no end of pro- 
mises. 1856 Reape Never too late x, Box at the opera 
costs no end, 1859 Farrar Zvic 55 You are noend cleverer 
and stronger. 1865 TroLiore Belton Est. xxvii. 321 What 
comfort have I in a big house, and no end of gardens? 
1872 E. Peacock Madel Heron I. i. 9 You will have no end 
of trouble. 18.. Besant A/Z in Garden Fair viii, Keats 
was no end of a fellow. Jfod. I consider him no end of a 
humbug. 

22. With verbs. (See also 12-14.) a. Zo be at 
an end: (of resources, etc.) to be exhausted ; (of 
periods of time) to be completed; (of an action 
or state) to terminate. In corresponding senses, 
To bring, come toanend. b. To be at the end of 
(one’s resources, etc.) : to have no more to spend ; 
To be at one’s wits’ end: to be utterly at a loss, to 
be quite perplexed. c. Zo put an end to, + to set 
end of: to terminate, put a stop to, abolish. d. 
To have, take an end : to be terminated, concluded. 
e. Zo make an end: to conclude, finish (adso/.) ; 
also const. of, with. 

a ©1340 Cursor M. 22263 (Edinb.) His rigning es brote til 
ende. 14.. in Zundale's Vis. (1843) 155 Then schulde oure 
trobul be at anende. c1g90 MarLoweE Dido v. i. 1409 Our 
travels are atend. 1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. v. ii. 430 Speake 
for your selues, my wit is at an end. 1664 Evetyn Aad. 
Hort.(1729) 186 A Gard’ner’s work is never at an end. 1711 
STEELE Sfect. No. 284 ?2 Their affairs will be at an end. 
1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom’s C. xxxvii. 325 Will these 
years and years of misery come to an end?—shall we be 
free? 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 49 This part of the fes- 
tival was nearly at an end. 1877 Mortey Carlyle, Crit. 
Misc. Ser. 1. (1878) 198 Imposture must come to an end. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind, 1. 1. (Arb.) 140 They 
were at theyr wyttes endes whither to turne them. 1655 
W. F. Meteors 11. 68 It would make men .. to be at their 
Wits End if they were not accustomed to such Tumultuous 
Tempests, 1712 ArsutHnot ¥ohn Bull (1755) 33 He is at 
an end of all his cash. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 280, I 
am..at my wits’ end. 

C. a1300 Cursor M. 25870 Par has pi schrift sett end o 
pyne. 1647 Crarenvon //ist. Red. 1. § 22 Put a quick 
end to this treaty. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 471 
The Day of Judgment..shall..put an End to all their Mis- 
chiefs for ever. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt. III. xlii. 150 If an 
end is not put to this war there is an end to this country. 

d. c1sg0 Martowe Edw. J/, u. iv. 1137 My sorrows 
will have end. 1605 VersteGan Dec. Jutell. i. (1628) 5 
This so great a worke now ceased and tooke an end. 

e. c893 K. 4xrrep Ores. u, ii. § 1 Biddende pet hie.. 
pees sewinnes sumne ende gedyden. 1570-6 LAMBARDE 
Peranb, Kent (1826) 241 To make an end, heere was some- 
time a religious College. 161r Brpte £zra x. 17 And they 
made an ende, with all the men that had taken strange 
wiues. Mod. The government has resolved to make an 
end of the insurgents. 

23. Elliptically. And there (so) an end: =‘ this 
is, shall be, an end.’ Ods. or arch. 

{1382 Wycuir 1 Cor. xv. 24 Aftirward an ende, whanne, 
etc.] 1591 SHAKS. Two Gent. 1. iii. 65 What I will, I will, 
and there an end. 1608 S. Couns Seri. 51 Which I will 
speak a word or twain unto, and soanend. 1615 JN. Day 
Festivals 340 As for his Carkasse, a Coffin shall cover it, 
and there an ende of our great Purchaser. 

24. Proverbial phrases: Zo begin at the wrong 
end, + Not to care which end goes forward: to 
be negligent. + Zo get by the end: to get com- 
mand of, so as to have ready for use. Zo get the 
better end of: to get the advantage of. Zo have 
the better, or worse, end of the staff, ‘to get the 
best, or worst, of it’. Zo have at one’s fingers’ 
or tongue’s end: to know by heart, be able to 
quote with readiness. + At the hinder end of the 
bargain: when accounts are settled, fig. To be at 
an idle end, to be unoccupied ; (to live) at a loose 
end, with no fixed occupation. ‘+ Zo live at stave’s 
end, ? to be unsociable, keep every one at a dis- 
tance. Zo make both, two ends, the two ends of 
the year, meet: to live within one’s income [cf. Fr. 
joindre les deux bouts, les deux bouts de Van). To 
come to the end of one’s tether: to do all that one 
has ability, or liberty to do. 

1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) II. 29 Men of bat side schal 
haue the worse ende. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Epigr. 
(1867) 34, I liue here at staues end. 1573 G. Harvey Let- 
ter-bk. (1884) 3 Thai that have the wors end of the staf 
shal be sure to be wrung to the wors, 1588 SHAxs, Z. Z. 
L. v. i. 81 Thou hast it .. at the fingers ends, as they say. 
1608 WitHAts Dict. 86 Negligently, as caring not what 
ende goes forward, 1638 SanpERson Sevm. II. 97 We have 
rather cheated the devil, than he us; and have gotten the 
better end ofhim, 1662 Futter Worthies, Cumberl.(D.), 
Worldly wealth he cared not for, desiring onely to make 
both ends meet. ¢c1680 Beveripce Serve. (729) 1. 55 
Getting a scripture-word by the end. 1690 B. E. Dict, 
Cant. Crew s.v. Ends..Tis good to make both ends meet. 
1722 De For Col. ¥ack (1840) 124 The devil will have you 
at the hinder end of the bargain. 1736 Battery, To have 
the better end of the Staff. 1742 Ricnarpson Pamela III. 
178 Your Lordship has got a Word by the End, that you 
seem mighty fond of. 1748 Smottetr Rod. Rand. x, He 
made shift to make the two ends of the year meet. 1865 
Pall Mall G. 22 Apr. 1/t And living completely at a loose 
end. 1876 Miss Broucuton Yoax u. iv, By five-and-thirty 


END. 


the best of us has pretty well come to the end of her tether. 
Lbid., Anthony struggling to make two ends meet! 1878 
Houxtey Physiogr. Pref. 6 Most of the elementary works I 
have seen begin at the wrong end. 1882 T. MozLey Remin. 
Oriel College (ed. 2) 183 He might sometimes seem to be 
at an idle end. 1884 /éZust. Lond. News 11 Oct. 338/3 She 
:;had Shakespeare and Milton at her tongue’s end. 1884 
Graphic 23 Aug. 198/2 Her mother has to contrive to make 
both ends meet. 


IV. 25. Comb., chiefly attrib. with sense 
‘placed at the end’ or ‘last used’; as end-brush, 
-bud, -handkerchief, -loop, -man, -parlour, -shoot, 
-wall, -wheel; also end-board (see quot.) ; end- 
bulb (see quot.); end-game (at chess), (see 
quot.); end-fast a., fixed on end, standing upright ; 
end-gatherer, a collector of refuse wool; end- 
grain (aftrzb.) (of wood) placed with the end of 
the grain turned outwards ; +end-hand, the hand 
nearest to the end of anything ; end-hooping, the 
hoop that binds the end of a vessel ; end-iron, 
a movable plate in a kitchen range which serves 
to enlarge or contract the grate; +end-land, ?a 
frontier region; end-making, conclusion, settle- 
ment; end-organ (see quot.); end-piece (sce 
quot.); end-plate, the extreme fibres of a muscle or 
nerve ; end-rib (see quot.) ; end-shake, a freedom 
of motion in a spindle at its end; + end-sith (OE. 
sO fate], death-fate ; end-speech, a speech tacked 
on at the end, an epilogue; end-stone, one of the 
plates of a watch-jewel supporting a pivot ; end- 
stopping, (of blank verse) a division of the lines, 
such that they end with a pause or stop; so end- 


stopped ///. a. ; end-wool, refuse wool. 

c 1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 70 What are the **end 
boards’? They are boards which cover and form the ends 
of the meetings. 1710 Lonpon & Wise Cowipl. Gardener 


| (1719) 152 The same course of pinching off *End-Buds is 


very profitable in Summer also. 1879 CaLperwoop Mind 
§ Br. iii. 42 This terminal expansion [of a nerve] is known 
as an *end-bulb, or touch organ. 1535 STEwarT Cron. Scot. 
(1858) I. 282 Neir by the boundis of Brigantia thair stude 
Ane *end fast stane. 1884 Horwitz in Academy 12 Apr. 256/1 
The real *end game consists of a position where the method 
can be analytically demonstrated by which the slightly 
superior force can win. 1764 Burn Poor Laws 53 All *end- 
gatherers offending against an act of the 13 Geo.c. 23.. 
shall be deemed incorrigible rogues. 1882 Worc. Exhib. 
Cat. iii. 41 The flooring is laid in *end-grain sections of 
pine. 1884 Health Exhib, Catal. 88/2 End-grain wood 
pavements, etc. 1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 17 You 
must dip your Handle-hand, and mount your “end-hand a 
little. 1753 Scots Mag. Feb. 100/2 The *end-handkerchiefs 
would sell as well as the other ten. 1712 J. JAMES Garden- 
tag go Fixing the two *End Loops upon the Stakes A and 
C. @x1796 Burns (Jam.), She sprung an *end-hooping. 
¢ 1200 OrMIN 17916 Nohht ferr ber inn an *endeland patt 
wass Ennon 3ehatenn. ¢1490 Plusmpton Corr. 82 Besech- 
ing your sayd mastership..to be at the *end-making. 
1884 Sat. Rev. 7 June 740/1 At the ends are Bones and 
Tambo, the *‘end-men’. 1878 Bett Gegenbauer's Comp. 
Anat. 42 Sensory organs are the *end-organs of the sensi- 
tive nerves. 31824 Miss Mitrorp Vidlage Ser. 1. (1863) 228 
There is one little *end-parlour, an after-thought of the 
original builder. 1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., Wadl- 
plates, the two-side pieces of a timber frame in a shaft. 
..The other two pieces are the *end-pieces. 1878 Foster 
Phys. 11. i. 393 Between the lingual fibres and the *end- 
plates of the glossal muscular fibres. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
End-plate, motorial, the branched, expanded, termina- 
tion of a nerve fibre or one of its branches on a muscular 
fibre. 1852 SEIDEL Organ 37 Between the upper and 
under-board there are six boards, viz. two. .called *end-ribs. 
188x Hastuck Lathe Work 169 The face of the pulley 
forms the bearing to prevent the *endshake. 1858 
Genny Gard. Every-day Bk. 89/1 Nearly all the *end- 
shoots may be safely taken away, for they take up the 
strength of the plant. cx12s0 Gen. § Ex. 3777 Alle he 
[Korah, etc.] sunken de erde widin. .Swilc “endesid vn-bi- 
wen hauen. 1884 F. Britren Watch § Clockm. 101 In 
most English watches all the escapement pivots run on 
*end stones. 1881 Atheneum 23 Apr. 557/2 Mr. Rhoades’s 
blank verse..is distinguished .. by a frequent tendency to 
*end-stopping. 1877 DowpEn Shaks. Prizt. iv. 39 At first 
..the verse is *end-stopt. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort, (1729) 
229 The Flue, Shaft, Fire, and Ash-hole to be without, 
though joining close to the *End-wall. 1848 AAJ. to Report 
Dep. Keeper Public Records 1x. 111 The cleft wool to be 
kept by itself and the *endwool by itself. 

+ End, var. of AND(E, Oés., breath. 

1597-1605 Potwart Flyting 568 His stinking end _cor- 
rupted as men knawes. a@ 1600 Poems 16th Cent. 29 (Jam.) 
The sillie saul is quyte foryet, Quhill haistelie gais out his 
end. 1609 SkeNE Reg. Maj. Act K. William 7 Gif blude 
be drawen (in anie part of the bodie) vnder the end (or mouth) 
[Z. subtus anhelitum), y 

End (end), v.1 Forms: 1 endian, 2-4 endien, 
enden, endenn (Orm.), 3-5 e(ende, (4 endy, 
hende, eondi, fa. pple. 4 ent),4- end. See also 
Y-znp. [OE. endian, corresp. to OFris. endia, 
OS. endén, endién, (Du. einden), OHG. entén, 
entién, (MHG., mod.G. ender), ON. enda (Sw. 
anda, Da, ende):—OTeut. *andjéjan, f. *andjo- 
Enp sd.] 

I. Transitive and absolute senses. 

+1. trans. To carry through to the end; to 

finish, complete. Also (in ME.), to perform (re- 


ligious duties). Ods. 
c975 Rushw. Gosp. John iv. 34 Pzxtte ic endigo werc his. 
¢117§ Lamb, Hon. 43 Men pe on pisse liue her bw scrift 
7] 


END. 


enden nalden. aza2g Ancr. R. 44 God biuoren ower 
weouede & ended der pe graces. a1300 Cursor M. 8310 
pis wark ..mai noght thoru i-self be don, Pin sun sal end 
Fe ele in tate ita Cal head to Bade 
is werke for to ende. ati 11 nm 
jo Suaxs. Lucr. 1843 He.. kiss'd the fatal 


ra ere. ¥ 

knife, to end his vow. 1597 Mortey /utvod. Mus. Annot., 
When I had ended my e..1 was requested to explaine 
some thing. 1601 Suaxs. ¥u/. C. y. i. 114 This same day 


Must end that worke, the Ides of March began. 1738 Pore 
Epit. Sat. ii. 254 Pray end what you began. 
b. To be the end or result of. 

1300 Cursor M. 9699 Pes endes ato wel es wroght. 

2. To bring to an end, conclude, come to a ter- 
mination of (an action, a speech, a period of time, 
one’s life, etc.; formerly sometimes with inf. as 
obj.). Often with adv. of manner or advb. phrase ; 
also const. with, a 

1308 Pilate 259 in E. E. P. (1862), Pus ary endede 


his lyf. cx330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 47 ilred at Lon- 
don endid his life. 1340 Ayexd. 110 Huet may be zone 


betere acsy to his uader: panne bread wypoute more uor 
pane day to endy? ¢ 1340 Cursor M. (Trin.) pox Whenne 
she had endede hir preyere She | eager efte on bis manere. 
1483 Cath. Angi. 115 It is Endit, exflicit. 1557 Nortu 
Diall of Princes 229b/2 We neuer cease to behold them, 
nor yet end to bewayle them. 1609 Bisce (Douay) 2 Esdras 
vii. 1 When I had ended to speake these wordes. gd Dry- 
ven Virg. Georg. 1. 560 Not then the drudging Hi 
Labour ends. 1713 Berketey Guardian viii. s. III. 170 
He has ended his discourse with a Prayer. 1717 — Tour 
Italy Wks. IV. 530 We ended the day with music at St. 
Agnes. 1830 TENNYSON Amphion 50 Ere his song was 
ended. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V, 1x. xii. § 1, I find that 
I have only now the power of ending this work, not of con- 
cluding it. 1862 Grant Caft. of Guard xxxix. He ended 
his life in misery. , 

b. adsol.; esp. with reference to speech: To 
finish, conclude. 

a 1340 Hampote Psalter xxvii]. 15 End as pou has by- 
gunen. c1340 Cursor M.(Trin.) 5459 Whenne he endide of 
his sawe His sones he blessed on a rawe. 1585 App. SANDYS 
Serm., (1841) 329, I will therefore add somewhat concernin 
the disgrace which cometh unto marriage .. and so end. 

x SHAKs. Two Gent. 1. iv. 31, I know it wel, sir, you 
alwaies end ere you begin. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 11. 106 He 
ended frowning, and his look denounc’d Desperate revenge. 
a 1704 T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 1730 I. 57 Quite 
tired of the nauseous theme, I end. 1879 Furntvatt Xep. 
E. Eng. T. S. 24 To end, the Society wants more money. 
Mod. J shall end with a motion. 

+3. To rid (a person) of. Ods. 

1598 Greene Yas. JV (1861) 211 What may I do to end 
me of these doubts? 

4. To put an end to, cause to cease, abrogate, 
destroy ; formerly also to dissolve (a parliament). 

c1000 Ags. Ps. ix. 6 Da hi hit endian sceoldan. c¢ 1200 
Ormin 19797 Pe33 unnderstodenn wel, Patt .. te33re lajhe 
all endedd ben Purrh Cristess newe lare. c 1330 R. BrunNe 
Chron. (1810) 214 At pis parlement .. was it ent, aliens to 
auance. 1490 Caxton Exeydos viii. 36 The swerde..ended 
in that hour hir lyf. 1568 Grarron Chron, II. 647 The king 
dissolved his Parliament, which was the laste parliament 
that ever he ended. 1598 SHaxs. Merry W.1. i. 41 If I 
were yong againe, the sword should end it. 1737 Pore 
Hor. Epist. u. i. 53 End all dispute : and fix the year pre- 
cise. 1801 SoutHey 7halaba iv. xxvi, That merciful deed 
For ever ends thy suffering. 1808 J. Bartow Colum. 1.79 
The desperate crew. . Resolve at once to end the audacious 
strife. 1877 Mortey Crit, Misc. Ser. 1. (1878) 200 To talk 
of France seeing good to end Protestantism in a night. 

+b. To make an end of (a person) ; to kill. Ods. 

1340 Hamrote Cant. Psalter 497 Ffra morne til eueyn 
3 sallend me. 1340-70 Alex. §& Dind. 1064 Hit is riht 

at rink be reufully ended. ax1400-50 Alexander 45 
All his enmys in erd he endid in a stounde. 
Suaxs. 1 Hen. IV, v. iii. 9 This Sword hath ended him, 
1609 Br. Bartow Axsw. Nameless Cath. The Pope 
mingled powder with Gemens Sugar, which should not End 
him — Waste him y Bcoong and little. 162: 
Fietcuer Bloody Brother w. iii, Power enough .. To en 
the murtherer. 

II. Intransitive senses. 

5. Of a period of time, action, continuous state, 
series, book, chapter, etc.: To come to an end, 
Also colloq. Zo end up. 

ax000 Guthlac 21 (Gr.) AEr pou endien ealle xesceafte. 
c¢1200 Ormin 6514 Her endebb nu piss Goddspell puss. 
c 1250 Gen. § Ex. 166 Ford endede Sat fifte nizt. a1300 
Cursor M. 7840 Pat eild bigan at abraham. It endes herin 

oddsnam. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 1770 When his lif sal 

ere ende, He what never whider he sal wende. ¢ 1350 Wid 
Palerne 5, “e bitter bale botlesse wol hende! 1398 Tre- 


visa Barth. De P. R. 1X. ii. (1495) 346 Whan meuynge fayl- 
7 thenne tyme endyth. 1486 Bh St. Albans D iija, 
ere endyth the proceis of hawkyng. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. 


(W. de W. 1531) 2 Here endeth the prologue, and here after 
foloweth the fyrst boke. 160x SHaxs. Ad/’s Well v. i. 25 
All's well that ends well, yet. 1605 DanieL Queen's Ar- 
cadia ww. iv, All extremities must mend or end, 1 
Hosnes //iad 1. 289 Thus in disorder the Assembly en 
7 Dryven Virg. Past. 1v. 9 The base degenerate Iron 
off-spring ends. 1728 Pore Dunc. 11. 245 But that this well- 
disputed game may end, Sound forth, my brayers. 1812 J. 
Witson /sle of Palms wv. 654 To-day our woes can never 
end, orris Earthly Par. I. i. 305 For thinking 
how all stories end with this, 1874 Spurcron Treas. Dav. 
Ps. cii. In » It ends up right gloriously with calm con- 
fidence for the future. 1875 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. viii. 
a.) 124 The line of Charles the Great ended in a.p. 911. 
Mod. The quarter ending June 24. 
b. To issue or result iv, 

a 1228 Ancr. R. 102 Pe worldes urakele urouren.. 
enden ine sor & ine seoruwe. c 1400 Destr. Troy 194 Couet- 
ous bere come knightes full ofte, And endit in auerys to ay 


Jal 


E Kal. Hort. (1706) 24 Sobbing the Leaves of 
tee nds cog es 

Pair There contagious Sickness, feared, 
will end in a Pestilence. ne 

con 


slang). 

c1z2z00 Ormin 8347 Affterr batt tatt Herode king Wass 
ended inn hiss sinne. 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 370 Steuene. . 
subbe was kyng of Engelond, & endede myd ssame. c¢ 1340 
Cursor M. 6724 Pe beest shal wip stonyng ende. <3438 
Torr. Portugal 1389, I yeve..To thy doughter alle my lond, 
Yf that I end there. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N. v. i. 353 Far- 
well friends, thus Thisbie ends. 1858 Cartyie Fredk. Gt. 
(1865) VI. xv. x. 63 A cannon-ball smites the life out of him, 
and he ended here. 1886 Riper Haccarp K. Solomon's 
Mines ii. 32 We should only end up like my poor friend 
Silvestre. : : 

7. Of a portion of space, material object, treatise, 
etc.: To terminate, have its end or extremity. 

1611 Cotcr., Aboutir en pointe, to end , or pointed. 
1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. vi. v. (1885) t [the glacier] 
ended off upon the land. 1877 Encycl. Brit. V1. 424 The 
promontory which ends in the Lizard. Mod. His property 
ends at the fifth milestone. An iron rod ending in a sharp 
point. The plateau ends abruptly in a precipice. : 

End, v.27 Oés. exc. dial. [perh. a dial. variant 
or corruption of Inw v., influenced by END v.! 

It has been Seer that the word is a corruption of 
*in-do, corresponding to Ger. einthun used in the same 
sense; but this seems impossible. ] i 

trans. To put (corn, hay, etc.) into (a barn, 
stack, etc.); to ‘get in’. Also fg. Hence Ended 

1, a. 

1607 SHaks. Cor. v. vi. 37, 1.. holpe to reape the Fame 
Which he did end all his. 1632 Mitton L’Adlegro 109 His 
shadowy flail hath threshed the corn That ten day-labourers 
could not end. 1 Hereford Times 23 Jan. in Dyce 
Shaks. Cor. v. vi. 37 Three well-ended hay-ricks..a rick of 
well-ended hay. 

+ End, v., var. ANDE v. Ods., to breathe, blow. 

1300 Cursor M. 21075 Als a slepand aends oft. 1 
Datrympce tr, Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 29 Thair mouthis 
had blawne vpon or endet as we speik. 

+ Evndable, a. Oés. [f. Enpv.1+-aBLx.] That 
admits of being ended ; terminable. 

1693 W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. 530 Endable, termina- 
bilis. 1775 in AsH. 1864 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 

End-all (end-9l). [f. Exp v.! + Aut.] That 
which ‘ends all’ (see quot. 1876). Now only 
dial, exc. in Shaksperian phrase, Zhe be-all and 
the end-all, (See BE-ALL.) 

1605 SHAks. Macé.1. vii. 5 That but this blow Might be 
the be all, and the end all. 1876 Mid-Yorksh._ Gjoss. 
(E. D. S.), End-all, more freely used than customarily, and 
with a wider interpretation in the sense of an act of com- 
pletion. Also a finishing stroke. 1883 G. Howett in Con- 
temp. Rev. Sept. 345 The latter aim was the be-all and end- 
all almost of those industrial combinations, 

Endamage (endz'médg), v. Forms: a. 6-7 
endammage, (-dge), 5-7 -dommage, -domage, 
(7 -damnage), 4-5 endamage(n, 4~ endamage. 
B. 5-7 indamage, 6 -domage, 6-7 - : 
[In 14th c. f. En-1 + Damace sé., or a. OF. *en- 
damagier (cf. the parallel formation adamagier in 
13th c.). In 15th c. refashioned as endommage, 
-domage, after the contemporary Fr. endommagter 
of equivalent formation; but this form died out 
early in 17th c.] 

trans. To inflict damage or injury upon. 

1. To affect (persons, a community, etc.) detri- 
mentally with regard to property, health, repu- 
tation, or general well-being. Also adso/. 

a. ¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. iv. 15 It [coempcioun] schulde 
greetly tourmentyn and endamag prouince of com- 
Paigne. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 107 The kyng 

comireneey be endommaged, seke of body and of the 
soule. a1g§21 //elyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1828) I11. 12 If 1 
thought to haue endomaged you of one seile [? xead selie] 
ferdynge. 1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. i. 1a,To 
euery man .. wer allotted two angels: wherof thone went 
about toendamage vs. 1596 Spenser /*. Q). vi, xii. 38 That 
never more he mote endammadge wight With his vile tongue, 
which many had defamed. 1635 QuArtes Zmdd.1. xi. (1718) 
4%, The Devil smileth that he may endamage. 1642 F 

‘oly & Prof. St. 1. xiii. ror Incl with dep 
endamnageth the parties themselves. 1655 H. VAUGHAN 
Silex Scint. 1. (1858) Pref. 8 No loss is so doleful as that 

in, that will end: ethe soul, 1694 Cup Disc. Trade 
Gea. 4) 21x The Dutch .. will in all probabili 
damage this Kingdom by the Fact of their Plantations. 
1768 Tucker Lt, Nat. I. 346 That justice is better than in- 
iquity, springs from the powers of men to benefit or endam- 
age meanother. 1 Tytier Hist. Scot. (1864) U1. 161 

t.. neither the proprietor nor the cultivator [be] endam- 

ed by the sudden desertion of the ground. 
‘ Act 11 Hen, VII, c. 22 Pream., Many. .subgettis 
ben .. lette and game gee in their bilding and husbondry. 
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. u. Gs) 37, The man could not.. 


much indammage the Roman Empire. Decay Chr. 
Piety v. § 16, Lam indamaneg’d in Sy ‘soon, 


ULLER 


never en- 


sorts of I ory. Bs 
Hadions dn. sor 157, Vat the may At Preewill 


may not by any meanes 16: 

Heraldry 1. viii. (1660) 46 A guilt of e ing the li 
of millions. 1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 13 South 
ee healths. i ee 

1710) 43 Nor was Christiani I 

og ag Loca 2 _ ed IL. 14 a 
much want of M , and ‘ade is sill endamag’d by it. 
1828 Blackw. Mag. Seeent Spee procen lings -- ae 
endamaging their reputation. 1882 Farrar Zarly Chr. 1. 


a. Caxton ¥ason 30 Tronchon: their speris upon 
or 


maged by outward force. 1583 L 
(1592) 47 Take heede of those graffes, the which many 
Flyes doe 1667 H. Stusse in PAZ 


storm .. had en CS 
t. Brit, 1 wt. x. (1743) oar ‘rhe 
Westminster is a little 


Wisc. Cur. (17 
re ged by the agitati a 

+38. In military sense: To do harm to (the 
enemy, a hostile country). Ods. 

1555 Fardle Facions u. ix. 191 There neuer medled any 
power with theim, that was able to conquer theim: or 
muche to i — pe Lge fies. Gt. Brit. vu. 
vii. 404 Then coasting the shore, shrew ¥ eptemmaged 
Kent. 1633 T. Starrorp Pac, Hib. xxvi. (1821) 471 To 
endammage the Enemy that hee may not hinder you. 
1697 Potter Antig. Greece 1. xxvi. (1715) 151 The Cause of 
weakening or en ing my Country. 

914. Used for ENDANGER v. 

a1648 Lp. Hersert Hen. VIII (1783) 341 He will en- 

his Realm. 


d the loss of one half of 

+ Enda: eable, a. Ods.-° [f. prec.+ 
-ABLE.] Capable of receiving damage, susceptible 
to injury; perishable. 

1864 in WessTer ; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Endamageance. 0ls. vave—'. In 6 en- 
dammageance. [f. as prec. + -ANCE.] Harm, 


injury. 
son Cine Huarte's Exam. Wits v. (1596) 55 If the other 
two [ventricles] remained not sound, wien endam- 
e, a man should thereby b witles, and void 


of reason. 


damagement (endemédgmént). [f. En- 


DAMAGE Y.+-MENT.] The action of en ; 
the state of being endamaged ; injury, harm, loss. 
1593 NasHE foe Lat Confut. 60 ¢ vnaduised in- 


ement I haue done 3 
Eden 167 The inhabitants of Middle! h .. eat thereof 
[flax-seed] to the great endammagement of their healths. 
a 1674 Crarenvon Hist. Reb. cy ae xvi. 583 To the 
least 1 ent of them. 1675 ER Me 60 Who 
in their You es be ashe To —— prt 

ents are t. ENTHAM > 

xviii. 35 The offence may be termed wrongful endamage- 
ment. 1836 Fraser's Mag. XIII, 301 The endamagement 
of their credit. 


Ende maging vbl. sb. [f. as prec. +-ING1.] 
The action of the vb. ENDAMAGE. 

1567 Maret Gr. Forest 7 Efestides..keepeth a man safe 
pry om Me ee 
Mitton Divorce mm m. iii, (1851) 64 ich was the en- 

onely of Oe = aged + amy 

+ Enda'mask, v. Ods. [f. Ey-1+ Damask. 
trans. a, To tinge with an interspersed shade t 

ler colour. b, To paint in various colours. Cf. 
oe sb. and Aes s is 
A : 
ater Coma 


Brit. v. vii. 42 
limbes, as 


feare came 

ax Sreep Hist. a 
Corying these on pictured 

of their Noblenesse, thus endamasked. 

: see En- prefix! 3. 

Endanger (endé'ndzar), v. Forms: 6 en, 
indaunger, 7-8 indanger, 6- endanger. [f. Ey- 
+ Dancer sb. 

+1. “vans. To subject (a person) to the absolute 
control of another; to render (an official) liable 
to dismissal or punishment at the will of a supe- 
rior. Const. 40. Obs. rare. 
1551 Rosinson tr. More’s Utop, (Arb.) 60 Another gi 

counsel the 


the to er unto his grace 

of the Realme. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 489/1 
4 Sash ol Satan, oes eae ee 

+2. pass. To incur the liability to punishment 
by another person ; to be liable to arrest or seizure 
of goods onthe part of a creditor. Const. /o 
(aj creditor, etc.). Ods. é 
1477 J. Paston in Paston Lett, No. 790 III, 179 He .. is 


ENDANGERER, 


fere endangeryd to dyvers in thyscontrey. 1548 CoveRDALE 
Evrasm. Par. Rom. xiii. 3 Nowe yf thou be lothe to be en- 
daungered to magistrates or lawes. 1579 Tomson Calvin's 
Serm. Tim. 172/2 For while we are indaungered to God, 
we can in no wise stand before him. 1 PENSER State 
Irel. Wks. 1805 VIII. 3 Being close hooded..from know- 
ledge of any to whom he is indangered. 

+b. To be liable zo (punishment, evil of any 
kind.) Also const. ¢o with zuf. Ods. 

1549 Coverpate Evasm. Par, Jude U1. 23 That he should 

d d to di 1569 Kincesmytt Man's 
Est. xiii. (1580) 98 We were fashioned of earth, but not 
endaungered to turne againe into yearth. 1577 tr. Bud- 
linger’s Decades (1592) 571 God accuseth vs Prals pleadeth 
vs guiltie of sinne, and indangered to punishment. 

+3. To put (a person) in peril (of something 
untoward). Const. of, oftener fo with zzf. Obs. 

1548 Upatt, etc., Evasm. Paraph, Fohn 15 ‘The confess- 
ing what he was himself endaungered him to lose his owne 
estimacion, 1603 W. Warson in Dodd Ch. Hist. Eng. 
(1841) IV. xlix, To live in this miserable estate .. would in- 
danger me of losing quite my senses. 1626 Bacon Sylva 
§977 It indangereth the Child to become Lunaticke. 1658 
Whole Duty Man vi. § 13 Where-ever this sin hath posses- 
sion, it endangers men to fall into any other. 1737 WHISTON 
Fosephus’ Antig. 1x. iv. § 5 That they might not endanger 
one another to perish, by treading on one another. 

+4. To cause the danger of (something unto- 
ward happening) ; to render imminent or probable, 
Sometimes with gerund or inf. (with #0) as obj. 

1612 BrinsLey Lud. Lit. 117 Grammaticall translations. . 
can neuer indanger any waie to make truants. 1644 BULWER 
Chirol. & Chiron. 102 To fling the Hand up and downe to 
endanger the offending of those that are nigh. 1663 Br. 
Patrick Parad. Pilgr. xxxvii. (1668) 493 The very puff of 
a confident mans breath doth indanger to make me reel. 
ce fe Brackatt Was. (1723) I. 227 Such ill Courses as will 
endanger his Ruin. 1791 Smeaton Edystone L. (1793)§ 313 
They would have endangered the breaking the glass. 1796 
Sourney Lett. Spain § Port, (1808) I. 15 So as to endanger 
setting it on fire, 

+5. To incur the danger of; to chance, risk. Obs. 

1g.. Quest. Prof. & Pleas, Conc. 30 a I alwaies..en- 
danger your displeasure with _my troublesome speeches. 
¢161x Cuapman Jad vui. 16 Endanger it the whiles and 
see. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 370 But would endanger to 
be quite destroyed. 1726 Appison Dial. Medals i. 34 Un- 
less they turned back quickly they would endanger being 
benighted. 1771 Muse in Min, 3x Who dares blaspheme 
™% name, endangers death. 

. To expose to danger, cause danger to. (The 
only modern sense.) 

a. 1809 Fisner Fun. Serm. C’tess Richmond (1708) 3t 
Wrapped and endaungered with the myseres of this wretched 
Worlde. x91 SHaxs. Two Gent. v. iv. 133, I hold him 
but a foole that will endanger His Body, for a Girle that 
loues him not. 1647 in Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 81 The 
Citty is .. ridden by every party and wilbe so rather then 
endanger Trade. 1671 Mitton Samson 1009 Wedlock- 
treachery endangering life. 1728 De For Voy. round 
World (1840) 212 Not so great a wind as to endanger us. 
1770 Junius Lett, xxxvii. 181 It is not an act ., that can 
ever endanger the liberties of this country. 1866 Crump 
Banking ix. 211 The convertibility of the note would be 
endangered. 

16or HoLtanp Péiny I. 136 Lest one day or other the 
riuer with his violent streame should indanger the city of 
Babylon. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 322 They 
would avoid a World that indangers their Innocency, 

Hence Endangered //. a. 

1597 Dantet Civ. Wares i. xlix. (1609) 99, Had he not 
speedy succour lent To his indangered father, 1692 SouTH 
Serm. (1697) I. 85 Ded., The drift [of these discourses] is to 

the most Endangered, and Endangering Truth, above 
the Safest, when sinfull, Interest. Grote Greece I. 1. 
viii. 235 Protectors of the endangered mariner. 

Endangerer (endé''ndgaraz), vd/. sd. [f. prec. 
+-ER.] One who endangers. 

1672 Baxter Bagshaw’s Scand. iii. 32 Rash. .spirits. -will 
be continual endangerers of your liberties. 1824 CoLERIDGE 
Aids Reft. (1848) I. 89 Scolds and endangerers of the public 


peace. i i 

Endangering (endéi'ndgorin), v0/. sd. [f as 
prec. +-ING1.] The action of the vb, ENDANGER. 

1585 Act 27 Eliz. c.2 §1 (Ruffhead), The great En- 
dangering of the Safety of her most Royal Person. 1605 
Narr. Murthers Sir 9. Fitz (1860) 13 Also an indangering 
to Sir John his own life. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Skia- 
machia Wks. (1711) 203, Your petition is for the endangering 
of our peace and liberties. 1858 Bricut Sf. 27 Oct. Re- 
Jorm, The endangering of the Constitution, P 

pain neering. ppl.a. [f. as prec. + 1NG?.] 
That endangers ; dangerous. 

197 Dante Civ. Wares vu. xv, Peace with more in- 
dangering wounds offends Then Warre can doe. 1656 
Ss. i. Gold. Law 44 Endangering .. to the Publike. 1692 
[see ENDANGERED AZ. @.] a 

Endangerment (endéindgamént). [f. as 
prec.+-MENT.] The action of putting in danger ; 


the condition of being in danger. 

1643 Mitton Tetrach, (1851) 160 The endangerment of 
our souls, 1809-10 CoLerIpcE Friend (1865) 171 An un- 
mitigated war of insult, alarm, and endangerment. 1871 
Nicnots Fireside Sc. 98 Serious endangerment to health. 

+ Endarrk, v. Obs. rave. Also 4 endirke-n. 
[f. Ey-14+ Dark @.] trans. To render dark, cast 
into the shade; to dim (the sight), Hence En- 
da‘rked ffl. a., made dark, obscure (/ig:). 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth, ww. iii. 120 Ne no wickednesse shal 
endirken it. 1523 SKELTON Garl. Laurel, xvi. Of such an 
endarked chapter. 1556 Asp, PARKER Psalter cxxxix., For 
sure the dark so dark; cannot endarke thy louely sight. 
163 Celestina in Hazl. Dodsiley 1. 62 Her skin of whiteness 
endarketh the snow. 


157 


+ Enda‘rken, v. Oés. [f. En-' + Darxken z.] 

trans. To obscure, make dark. /¢. and fig. 
- 1595 Dantet Sonn, xxi, My lifes sight wholly endarkened 
is. 1651 Br. Hatt Soliloguies (ed. 2) xii. 38 Light en- 
darkened causeth the greatest darknesse. 1755 T. H. 
Croker tr. Aviosto’s Orl. Fur. xxx. 1, But soon as Sol from 
th’ earth endarken’d went. 

Endart : see Ey- gref 3. 

+ Endawnt, v.! 00s. [f. En-1+ Davnr z. to 
tame.] ¢vans. To tame. 

1393 Lane. P. PZ. C. xvi. 171 He endauntede a douue, 

+Endawnt, v.2 Ods. [f. En-1+Daunr z. to 
fondle.] ¢vans. To caress; to make much of, 
hold in high esteem. 

r Lanci. Rich. Redeles m1. 127 Ffor her dignesse 
endauntid of dullisshe nollis. Zdéd. 351 Pe while be Degonys 
domes weren so endauntid. 

+Endauwnture. Ods. rave—'. [f. En-1+ OF. 
danture taming; suggested by the phrase ev sa 
danture in the original text.] _? Taming, breaking 
in. (But the passage is nonsense, the translator 
not having understood his original.) 

1340 Ayend. 220 Huo pet tekb colte endaunture, hyalde 
hit wyle perhuyle hit ilest. [Fr. guaprent poulain en sa 
danture, il le tendra tant comme wl dure.) 

End-away, adv. dial. One after another, 
successively. 

1888 Sheffield Gloss.(E.D.S.) He won six games end-away. 

Endazzle: see En- pref? 3. 

+End-day. Os. See Exp sé.and Day. Also 


5 enday. [OE. ¢gnde-dwz, f. gnde END sb. + de, 
Day. Cf. OHG. endi-dago (MHG. ende-tac). 


The last day; the day of one’s death. 

Beowulf (Gr.) 638 Ic .. sceal .. opde ende-dzg .. minne 
zebidan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 17 Pet he icherre from pan 
uuelnesse ear fis ende dei. ¢ 1200 ORMIN 5674 He shall att 
his endeda33 Purrh Drihhtin wurrbenn frofredd. c 1305 
Edmund Conf. 580 in South-Eng. Leg. (1887) 448 And pou 
treweliche at min ende-day: art i-come me to. ¢1340 
Cursor M. 21063 (Fairf.), Quen pat [John] seye his ende- 
day comande neye..he did his graue to delue. c 1425 
Wynrtoun Cron, vi, iv. 80 And led hys lyf till hys enday. 

+Erende. Ods. Forms: 1 senid, senit, enid, 
ened, 3 hende, 4-5 enede, 5 heynde, ende. 
[OE. eved str. fem. = MDu. aned, anet, Du. cend, 
OHG. anat, -et, -2t, -ot (Ger. ente), ON. dud (Sw., 
Da. and). Cf. Lat. anat-em.] A duck. 

a7zoo Epinal Gloss. 17 Aneta, znid [4800 Erfurt Gloss. 
wnit, Corpus Gloss, enid), _c1300 Havelok 1241 Ne was 
ther spared gos ne henne, Ne the hende, ne the drake. 
¢ 1328 Gloss. W, de Biblesw. in Wr.-Wiilcker 143 En marreis 
ane iaroille [enede queketh]. ¢ 1430 Bh, Hawkyng in Rel. 
Ant. I. 302 For to make hawke high of astate.. take the 
weng of an enede. c1440 Promp. Parv. 139 Ende, dooke 
byrde, azas. c1475 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 760 Hec anata, 
a heynd. . 

Ende, erron. var. HENDE a. Ods. gracious. 

Endear (endie1), v. Also a. 7 endeere, 
-deare ; 8.7 indear, indeere. [f. Enx-!+ Dzara.] 

+1. trans. To render costly or more costly; to 
enhance the price of. Ods. 

a. 1603 FLorio Montaigne 523 Enhancing the price of the 
place we raise the price and endeare the desire. 1618 A. 
¥ames’s Procl. conc. Buildings in Rymer (1717) XVII. 107 
All Victualls and other Provision endeared, 1803 Avw. 
Rev. 1, 390 Bread. .would be cheapened by the competition, 
not endeared by the combination of bakers. 

. 1729 Seasonable Remarks Trade 11 ‘There are several 
Accidents which indear a Commodity to the Merchant. 
+2. To enhance the value of; to render precious 


or attractive. Ods. 

@, 1580 Sipney Acadia u1. 125 He would endeare his own 
service. 1594 SouTHWELL M. Magd. Fun. Teares 92 Love 
..endeareth the meanest things, and doubleth the esti- 
mate of things that are precious. 1657 J. Situ Jdyst. 
Rhet. 185 Her wit endeared by youth, her affection by 
birth, and her sadnesse by her beauty, @x662 Hrytin 
Laud 1. 209 All those several motives which might not only 
serve to justifie, but endear the work. 

B. 1622 Bacon Hen. VIT, 103 Making a body of forces of 
themselves, the more to indear their merit. 1672 DryDEN 
Marr. a-la-Mode 1. w. i. Dram. Wks. 1725 IIL. 267 "Tis 
as Physicians show the desperate III T’ indear their Art, by 
mitigating Pains They cannot wholly cure. | 

+b. To represent as valuable or important, to 


lay stress upon; also, to exaggerate. Obs. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. III. xvii. 113, I must leave them here 
abruptly, since I want words to endear them. 1622 Manse 
tr. Aleman’s Guzman a’ Alf. 1. 97 May without indearing 
be truly said to be a princely and royall seat. 1656 CowLEy 
Davideis w. (1710) 1. 443 Not that I’d clear Their Guilt, 
or mine own Innocence indear. 1661 HoweLt Twelve Sev. 
Treat. 215 In all his declarations ther was nothing that he 
endear’d and inculcated more often. 

8. To render (a person) dear Zo another; to 
inspire or create affection for (a person or thing). 
(The modern sense.) Also const. + wth. 

a. 1647 CuareNnDon ist. Red. (1702) I. u, 121 His Majesty 
exceedingly desired to endear her to the People. 1748 
RicHARDSON Clarissa (1811) IL. xxxiii, 218 She endeared 
herself to me ten times more by her soothing concern for 
me. 178 GisBon Decl. § F. II, xxvii. 56 His gentle and 
amiable disposition endeared him to his private friends. 
182x Byron Yuan 1. xvi, That which destroys Most love, 
possession, unto them appear’d Athing which each endear- 
ment more endear’d. 1856 Emerson Lng. Traits, Relig. 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 98 It [the Church] endears itself thus to 
men of more taste than activity. 1879 C. Grikie Chrisé 
Ixiv. 809 One endeared by long companionship. 


ENDEARINGNESS. 


B. 1611 Barrey Ram Alleyin Dodsley Old Pl. (1780) V. 444 
Stand thou propitious, indear me to my love. 1647 CLAREN- 
pon Hist. Reb. (1702) I. u. 113 To indear himself with that 
Nation. 

+4. To hold dear; to love. Ods. 

1622 WitHER Lines in Farr’s S. P. Fas. [ (1848) 221 But 
to my heart they sit this day as neare As when I most en- 
dear’d them. 1639 SattmMarsSHE Policy 20 Something he 
endears. @1711 Ken Sion Wks. 1721 1V. 375 God .. most 
amiable appear’d, Endearing most, and most to be endear’d. 

+5. To treat affectionately or fondly; to caress. 
Obs. Cf. ENDEARING fi. a. 

1683 Lorrain Muret’s Rites Fun. 161 Embraced, hug’d, 
caressed, endeared and applauded by all the spectators. 

+6. To win the affection of ; to conciliate, 
attract. Also, to deepen (affection). Ods. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 247 Leauing no office vnper- 
formed, which might either witnesse, or endeare her sonnes 
affection. 1628 Earte Microcosm, Weak Man (Arb.) 58 
You cannot endeare him more then by coozening him. a 1631 
Donne Poems, etc. (1633) 354 Not that God is endeared by 
that, or wearied by this. 167x Mitton Samson 793, I 
sought by all means, therefore, How to endear .. thee to 
me firmest. @1704 T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 1730 
I. 57 No law can bind them, and no love endear. 1704 
Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 390 This generous Act en- 
deared the People .. to him. 

+b. To bind by obligations of gratitude. Some- 
times Const. Zo with inf. Ods. 

a, 1607 SHAKS. Timon U1. ii. 35, Lam so much endeered to 
that Lord ; hee’s euer sending. 1626 ‘I. H[awxins] Caus- 
sin’s Holy Crt. 81 He must .. frugally endeare Auditors 
.. dissemble with his enemyes. 1652 J. WApDsworTH tr. 
Sandoval’s Civil Wars of Spain 21 To endeer the Elector 
of Brandenburg the more to vote in his behalf. /ézd. 280 
They gave them ten daies paie more to endear them to go 
before Tordesillas. 1654 tr. Scudery’s Curia Politiae 107 
Whereby the House of Lancaster .. hath for ever indeared 
and obliged the House of York. 

. 1613 R.C. Table Alph. (ed. 3), Indeere, make bound 
to one, 1633 G. HERBERT Temple, Ch. Militant 12 Early 
didst thou arise to plant this vine, Which might the more 
indeare it to be thine. 

Endearance (endirans). rave. [f. ENDEAR v. 
+-ANCE.] The action of endearing, or the state 
of being endeared. 

1766 Anstey New Bath Guide (ed. 2) 77, Show it young 
Lady Betty, by way of Endearance. | 1871 Brewer Eng. 
Studies (1881) Introd. 45 His language is so much governed 
by this feeling of Divine endearance. 

Endeared (endiead), ppl. a. 
+-ED 1, 

1. Of friendship, ete.: Affectionate, cordial. arch. 

1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl. 140 Jonathan’s endeared love 
to David. 1692 Bevertey Disc. Dr. Crisp 14 The Warmest 
and Indearedst Love. @1714 Exttwoop Aztobiog. (1765) 
376 Unto you is the Salutation of my endeared Love, 1812 
Gen. Brock Proclam. 22 Fulyin Exam. 5 Oct. 629/1 The 
endeared relations of its first settlers. 1842 H. Rocrrs 
Introd. Burke's Wks. 1. 3 With the son of the master .. 
Edmund formed a most endeared friendship. 

2. Regarded with affection, beloved. 

1841 D’IsraeLi Amen. Lit. (1867) 698 All solicitations of 
the author to retrieve his endeared volume proved fruitless. 


+ Endea‘redly, adv. Obs. rare. [f. ENDEARED 
ppl. a.+-LY?.]_ In an endeared manner. 

1624 Hevwoop Guxaik. ut. 119 Both endeeredly affected 
their husbands. 1663 BAxTER Divine Life 306 A Jonathan 
.. will endearedly love that man..who is appointed to 
deprive him of a Kingdome. 

+ Endea‘redness. Os. [f. ENDEARED ///. a. 
+-NESS.] The state of being endeared; feeling 


of affection, fondness. 

1654 Gayton Pleasant Notes mn. v. 98 The other .. to 
shew his Indeerednesse, prest often to know the Murderer 
of his friend. 1679 Prot. Conformist 3 That vertue or rather 
grace of Moderation has graven the most deep and indelible 
Characters of endearedness upon me. @1703 Burkitt Ox 
N. T. Matt. iii. 17 The endearedness of his person: This 
is my beloved Son. @1714 M, Henry Was. (1835) I. 278 
Embrace each other with a cordial endearedness. 

Endea‘ring, v2/. 5). [f. Enpzar v. + -InG1] 
The action of the vb. ENDEAR; ‘ cocr. a caress, 


mode of showing affection. 

1622 E. Missetpen Free Trade 106 The.. losse that 
thereby will fall.. vpon all men in the endearing of all 
things, 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 324 Endearings, minted 
current, according to the lawfullnesse or unlawfullnesse of 
the Love they would procure. 1678 Yug. Man's Call. 
Introd. 3 Intended for the endearing of God. 


Endearring, #//. a. [f. ENDEAR v. + -ING 2] 
That endears: a. That wins or inspires affection. 
b. Manifesting affection, caressing. 

1667 Mitton P. L. Iv. 337 Nor gentle purpose, nor en- 
dearing smiles Wanted. 1680 H. More Afocal. Apoc. 50 
This is but a just reward of Thy endearing sufferings upon 
the Cross. 1742 Ricuarpson Pamela IV. 266, I have a 
better and more indearing Husband than ever. 1878 Q. 
Vicrorta Let. in Lond. Gaz. 27 Dec., The noble and en- 
dearing qualities of her whom all now mourn. 

Endearingly (endivrinli), adv. [f, Expean- 
ING ppl. a.+-LY%.] In an endearing manner. 

ax7ir Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 202 Each he en- 
dearinglysalutes, 1836 E. Howarp &. Reefer\xi, We patted 
them endearingly with our hands. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. 
U.S. I. ix. 286 Who called him endearingly his son. 


Endea‘ringness. vave—’. [f. as prec. + 
-nESS.] The state of being ENDEARING, exhibi- 
tion of affection. 


ror Coiuier JM, Aurel, (1726) 316 They make up to them 
with great endearingness. 


[f. ENDEAR v. 


ENDEARMENT. 


Endearment (endiemént). Also 7-8 in- 
dearment. [f. ENDEAR v. + -MENT.] 

1. The action of endearing or the fact of being 
endeared ; concyr. something that endears, that 
excites or increases affection. 

1663 Avon-bimn, 3 The Object of all this Care, this In- 
deerment and joy, is the Ark of God. 7 Laas Call. 
11, 82 One of the greatest endearments of A’ to God. 
1688 H. Warton Enthus. Ch. Rome 78 The belief of his 
endearment to God, made him often presume upon the 
Favour of Heaven. 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) I. 202 
The Heathen, to whom the Unity and Agreement of the 
First Christians was a Foy indearment. 1881 P. Brooks 
Candle of Lord 164 The enlargement of the faith brings 
the endearment of the faith. . 

+b. An obligation of gratitude, a bond of 
attachment. Cf. EnpEar v. 6 b. Ods. : 

1628 Earte Microcosm., World’s wise man (Arb.) 61 His 
deepest indearment is a communication of mischiefe. 1677 
Hate Contempl. u. 72 That Lust .. which the .. Saviour, 
upon the Indearment of his own Blood, begs us to Crucifie. 

. An action or utterance expressive of love or 


fondness ; a caress. Also abstr. 

I Rowe Jamert. 1. i. 341 Are War and Slavery the 
soft Endearments With which they court the Beauties they 
admire? 1742 Ricuarpson Pamela IV. 141 His Indear- 
ments and Tenderness to his Lady .. was alone worthy of 
all her Risque. x C. Brontét Villette xxxvi. (1876) 401 
M. Paul petted and patted her; the endearments she re- 
ceived were not to be wondered at. 1867 Freeman Norm. 
Cong. I. iv. 180 A mere name of endearment. 

+3. Affection, fondness. Odés. 

1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. xliii. 477 Between these two 
there was a sey? and great endearment. 17 Hervey 
Medit. (1818) 19 If you really love the offsprin: your own 
bodies ; if your bowels yearn over those amiable pledges of 
conjugalendearment. 1821 CLare Vi//. Minstr. 1. 60 Travel- 
lers returned from foreign ground Feel more endearments 
for their native earth. 

4. The making (a commodity) dearer. rare. 

1864 Guardian 21 Dec. 1218 People bought in provisions 
against the endearments of Sella’s new tariffs. 

+5. The action of enhancing the value of any- 
thing ; also, praise, exaggeration. Oés. 

1612 SHELTON Quix. I. u1. xiii. 249 It is rather a poetical 
Endearment, than an approv’d Truth. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. (1702) 1. 11. 113 If his condition .. were so good 
that it needed no indearment. 

Endeavour (ende'va1), sb. Forms: see the 
verb. [app. f. next verb, which however appears 
later in our quots.] 

1. The action of endeavouring; effort, or pains, 
directed to attain an object; a strenuous attempt 
or enterprise. 

a. ig pb. Furnyvacin Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 1. 56 The 

reat laboures, travels, and endevoures made by your said 

ifetenaunte. 1440 [See ENDEAvouR 7v.]. 1549 CROWLEY 
Last Trump. 496 Se thou apply the to learnynge Wyth 
all thy busy endevoure. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. § 10 
(1873) 42 The scope that men propound to themselves, 
whereunto they bend their endeavours. 1618 Sir R. Boye 
Diary (1886) I. 204, I gave Mr. Richard Archdeacon a young 
gelding for his endevors about my purchaze of dongarvan. 

1655-60 Stan.ey Hist. Philos. (1701) 79/2 We should em- 
ploy therein our utmost study and endeavour. 1745 in Cod. 
Rec. Penn. V. 19 We will use our Endeavours to that End. 
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 25 ®5 To walk with circum- 
spection .. ought to be the constant endeavour of every 
reasonablebeing. 1814 Worpsw. White Doe vy. 52 On him 
and on his high endeavour The light of praise shall shine 
for ever. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. 1. vi. § 4 The 
life of Angelico was almost entirely spent in the endeavour 
to imagine the beings belonging to another world. 

B. 1563 SHuTeE Archit, Aiij b, The firste frutes of my 

r attemptes and indeuors. 1611 Biste Pref 10 That 
ath bene our indeauour, that our marke. 1 MarvELL 
Corr. xli. Wks. 1872-5 II. 89 You have that fruit of our 
former indevors. 1663 Flagellum or O. Cromwell (1672) 
12 Both which he studied with the same indifference and 
infide and falicious indeavour. 1743 J. Morris Serm. ii. 
45 Kind indeavours to promote their licenses, 

b. Zo do one’s endeavour(s: to exert oneself to 
the uttermost ; to do all one can (in a cause or to 
an end). arch. 

a. 1480 Robt. Devyll 42 The Emperoure charged every 
man to do his endever. 1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. 1. 
(Arb.) 56 Doynge my endeuoure to plucke out of hys mynde 
the .. causes of vice. 1596 Suaxs. Merch, V.u. ii. 182 My 
best endeuors shall be done herein. 1688 Everyn Mem. 
(1857) II. 281, I did my endeavour with the Lords of the 
Treasury to be favourable to him. 1716-8 Lapy M. W. 
Montacue Lett. I. xiv. 48, I have done my best endeavour 
to find out something worth writing to you. 1745 BuTLer 
Serm, Wks. 1874 I. 287 We are to do our endeavours to 
promote virtue and religion amongst men. 1827 F. Coorer 
Prairie Il. xvi. 255 Yes, lad, yes; you would do r en- 
deavours. 1873 Browninc Red Cott, Night-c. 271 your 
endeavour like a man. 

. cxs30 H. Ruopes Bk. Nurture in Babees Bk. (1868) 
74, There doe your true indeuour. 162 Brinstey Lud. 
Lit. iii. (1627) 13 Every one is to doe his best indeavour to 
know how to make it most easie.  - 

+2. Philos, Used by Hobbes: (see quot.; in 
Latin conatus). Obs. 

1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. vi. 23 These small beginnings of 
Motion, within the body of Man.. are commonly called 
Endeavour. 1656 — Elem. Philos. (1839) 206, I define en- 
deavour to be motion made in less space and time can 
be given. 1667 Boyie Orig. Formes & ual. gies Mo- 
tion, or an Endeavour at it, is not included in the nature of 

atter, 

Endeavour (ende'vaz), v. Forms: a. 5 en- 
devoyre, endover, (endower, -re), 5-6 en- 


158 


dever, indevour, 7-9 indeavour. [f. Ey-1+ 
Devorr sé.; cf. the Fr. phrase se mettre en devoir 


de faire ‘hose to make it one’s duty to do 
so! ing; hence, to set about, to endeavour. 
Cf. also the following quot. : 


1504 Nottingham Borough Rec. U1. 325 And pat euery 
Mair for pe tyme beyng put in devoire to calle .. his said 
Chaumberleyns..to performe the same.] 

+1. ref. To exert oneself, use effort. Const. fo 
with zn. ; (rarely) for, to, with sb.; also simply. 

a. ce oe Myst. iv. 30 So beng may endower To 
suste’ and man .. Dwell here if that ye canne, This 
shall be your endowre. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 422/3 He 
..-moche endeuoyred hym to make hym to lerne the deuyne 
Scripture. 1485 Procl. agst. Henry Tudor in Paston Lett. 
No. 883. art a Like gode and true Engli to en- 
dover themselfs.. for the defence of them. 149% Act 7 
Hen. VII, c. 22 Preamb., Endevoir youre self and put to 
— hand and spare no cost. xg21-2 Compl. North in 

urniv. Ballads fr. MSS. 1. 338 Wherfor I moste, & wyll 
do evyr, to pray for hys e my selfe endevyr. 1540-1 
Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) Pref. 2, 1 endeuoured my selfe 
whiles I had leysour, to translate it into Englishe. 1642 
J. Jackson Bk. of Conscience 86, 1 endeavour my selfe 
constantly both to refuse the evill and choose the good. 

. 1495-6 Plumpton Corr. 115, I shall indevor me for 
you as farreasI can. 1535 Fisner Wés.1. 412 If thou wilt 
indeuer thee vpon thy parte. 1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie 
1. viii. (Arb.) 36 They are as it were inforced to indeuour 
them selues to armes. 1614 LopcE Seneca Ep. 166 Indevour 
thyselfe as much as in thee lieth to the end, etc. 
Francion vu. 25 In the morning he did indeavour himself 
to make us friends. 

+b. trans. To exert (one’s power), thoughts, 
etc. Obs. rare. 

1574, H 
Aurelius .. endeuoured his power to persecute the Chris- 
tians. 1606 G. W[oopcocke] tr. Hist. /vstine 124 b, Euery 
man endeuored his thoughts how to make his duty, love. 
[etc.J encrese tohim. /éid. Ll. 5b, Maximilian endeuored 
al his power against the Turke. Lane. Tracts Civil 
War (1844) 18 Our high Sheriff .. will readily .. endeavour 
the aig of the County against our proceedings. 

+2. intr. for refl. To strive, try, exert oneself; 
to direct one’s efforts. Ods. exc. as in 3. 

1551 Turner //erda/ 1. (1568) 142 A gourde hath long run- 
nyng branches, whiche naturally indevour upwarde. 
ALLEN Admon. 55 The pardon of his Log og, pom to all 
.. that ..indeuor in this quarrell. 1606 G. W[oopcocke] 
tr. Hist. Justine 100b, All the realme endeuored after his 
ste 1624 BArGRAvE Serm. agst. Sel/-Policy 24 Let us 
indeuour with words and workes. 

3. intr. (The only mod. use.) To try, make an 
effort for a specified object; to attempt strenuously. 
a. Const. fo with 7zf. Also (rarely) used imper- 
sonally in passzve. 

a. 1594 SHaks. Rich. ///, 1. iv, Every man that means to 
live well, endeavours to trust to himself. J 
Serpents (1658) 591 He endevoureth to cage eee and distri- 
bute the knowledge of his Majesty. 1649 Ear: Monmoutu 
tr. Senault’s Use of Passions (1671) 306 "Tis endeavoured 
to part them from themselves. 1651 in Nicholas Papers 
(1886) 269, I will endeavour..to save something of my 


estate. 1759 Hume Hist. Eng. III. liii, 133 It was even 
endeavoured to revive the first institution of the coll 
of justice. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. IV. 1. iv. 44 He [the 


pope] sent the Archbishop of Rouen to England to en- 
deavour to compromise matters. 

1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xv. (1611) 207 The teares of 
their grieued eyes the Prophets indeuoured..to wipe away. 
¢ 1620 in Hatton Corr. (1878) 3 To know God's will and to 
indever to doe it. 1743 J. iecome Serm. ii. 47 He in- 
deavours to preserve peace. 

b. With clause introduced by ¢hat. 

16.. FatHer Wats in Scotsman (1883) 17 Sept. 2/6 It 
were more charitable to endeavour that the errors might be 
taken away. 

e. Const. after, + at, + for. 

1641 Frencu Distill, vi. (1651) 194 All the Chymicall dis- 
coveries are.. found out by.. endeavouring after this. 
1649 Jer. Tayior Gt. Exemp, 1. viii. 113 A ga f king en- 
deavoured for his destruction. 1704 Swirt 7. 7% Author's 
Apol., Which the world never .. gave them any thanks for 
endeavouring at. 17x Appison Sfect, No. 106 »8, I could 
heartily wish that more of our Country: +. ene 
deavour aftera me Elocution. Jounson Rambler 
No. 9 P 9 Every man ought to vour at eminence, 
1851 San. Martineau Hist. Peace (1877) III. v. ix. 386 He 
was endeavouring after that enj nt of domestic life. 
1860 Mitt Repr. t. ii. (1865) 10 If we are endeavouring 


ELLOwES Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1577) 397 Marcus | 


1588 


1607 TorseL. | 


ENDEIGN. 


$bTe try to fulfil (a — Of, 
Auk satteieschipehy we exdsovour Goatent meee 
+5. To make a (hostile) attempt upon ; to attack. 

Obs. ‘ie 

A . i 
1589 Nasne Almond for Poe It is nought but a 
1606 R. Turnsutt in Spurgeon Zveas. Dav. Ps. xv. 5 It 
[teredo] hath such teeth as endeavoureth and econsumeth 
the hard timber. [But perh. a nonce-wd. f. En-!+Devour.] 


Endea‘voured, #//. a. rare. [f. ENDEAVOUR 2. 
+-zD1.] That aa tried or attempted. 
1595 H. Otwey in care Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 16 Mine 


+Endea‘vourer. Ods. [f. Expzavour v.+ 
-ER.] One who endeavours; an aspirant. 

1586 W. Wesse Disc. Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 15 Your wor- 
shyppe cannot io Ss continue your wonted fauourable 


to ng. 1645 
J. Licsurne in Prynne Fresh Disc. Blazing Stars 34 An 
endeavourer to set the Princes of the earth the 


ears. Cowrey Verses & Ess. (1669) 8: 
Fi with the cause’ buna: mn Ones, the En- 
Labour and Industry will Bae push ond pec hae Raden 
vourer. .the further off his Wishes. 

i (ende-varin), vl. sb. [f. as 
prec. +-ING1.] The action of the vb. ENDEAvVouR. 

1548 R. HutrEn Sum of Diuinitie L 2a, Good intencions 
or endeuoringes of reason. 1583 GoLpinc Calvin on Deut. 
vi. 35 An i ing to the Ide and all his 
owne affections, 1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low-C. Warres 
2 The unhappy endeavouring of Forrai; i Car- 
LyLe Heroes (1858) 261 No dining at Freemason’s 
:- and infinite other jangling and true or false endeavour- 
ing. 1877 Mem. Bf. of Argyll iii. 32 In addition to his 
other endeavourings. 

Endea‘vouring //. a. [f. EnpEavour z. 
+ -InG2.] That endeavours. Also ¢ransf. and 
| . 
oom Mutton Poems, Vacat. Exerc. 2 Hail, native lan- 
guage! that.. Didst move my first endeavouring tongue 
to sj 1656 tr. Hobbes Elem. Philos. (1839) Feat parts, 
which are pressed by both the endeavouring bodies. 1850 
Lyncu rhe Trin, ii. 20 His net of endeavouring thought. 
1876 Gro. Eu hard, climb- 


1, * 


1oT Dan. Der. 11. xxiii. 107 The i 
ing path of an endeavouring artist. 

+ Endea‘vourment. Ols. rare. [f. En- 
DEAVOUR v.+-MENT.] The action of endeavour- 
ing; = EnpEAvoUR 50. 

1523 SxeL.ton Gar/. Laurel 400 Your endeuorment So 


have ye done. 1591 Srenser M. Hubberd The good- 
man was meanly well content, Triall to e of his en- 
deuourment. 

+Endea‘vourous, ¢. Ods. rare—'. [f. Ev- 


| DEAVOUR Sd. + -OUS.] Full of endeavour, zealous, 
forward. Hence + grater me adv. os 
1 Bearp Theatre ls Iudgements 48 Whilst 

Phy Minors and end ly emploied himself about 
| these affaires. a163x Donne Z£ss. Divinity (1651) 28 For 
| no man was euer more endeavourous than he. 

| 

| 

| 


Endebt, -ed: see Inp-. 
Endeca, an incorrect form of HEnpxE¢s-, a. 
Gr. &dexa eleven; occurring in Ende‘cagon, a 
| plane figure of eleven sides; Endeca'gynous a. 
Bot., having eleven pistils; Emdecaphyllous 
a., having eleven 1 ; Emdecasylla‘bic c., 
having eleven syllables ; Emdecasy‘llable, a verse 
of eleven syllables: see HENDECAGON, -GYNOUS, 
-PHYLLOUS, -SYLLABIC, -SYLLABLE. 
Ended (e'ndéd), a7. a. [f Exp v. and sd. + 
-ED. 


a se aenige te Pee well gs Athe- 
fois eee et a 
sor Ce he Sa 
4)" fron the oy With prefixed adj. or numeral : 


Having its end (of a certain kind) ; 

“Endeietic oO teniat ktik), a. [ad. Gr. évdecerixés 
x , @ [ad. Gr. evdeuers 

f. évderxvbvai, f. év in + deevdvar to show.] Serving 

to show or exhibit; probative. 


(A name of one of the classes into which the Platonic 
Dial were divided by ancient or com- 


ving (a cer- 


after more riches. 

+ 4. trans. To use effort or pains for ; to attempt. 
Obs. exc. arch. 

a. 1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 468 The gyre 


mentators. Ci Ding Line Be cay ae 
-6o Stantey Hist, Philos. (1701) 175/t istick 
1655, > deictick {or} An 70%) 37. é » > 


i phiiae Ie The packns. k. dialogues, _< 
seats 7 either Endeictic, as bi ing a 
of skill, or A of 


.. have never endevoured anything more full 


y- 
Hore Subseciung 109 Hate » but end 

thrift. 7 CrarENDON /7ist. Red. (3703) II. vi. 288 We 
shall .. endeavour the extirpation of po ceca More 
Antid. Ath, (2732) Pref. Gen., He is to vour the adorn- 


a perfect defeat. 1855 Butter Lect. Anc. Philos. (1874) 323 
Another classification [of oa ar i reat an- 
op hes icky Sunes ptick endeictick, and so forth. 

tr. Zeller’s Plato 97 note. 


ing of himself with such Pp 1751 J 

Rambler No. 87% 6 He who endeavours the cure of our 

intellectual maladies, mistakes their cause. 1818 Jas. Mitt 

Brit. India I, m1. iii. spe He was stimulated to endeavour 

the restoration. uskin Fors Clav. viii. 17 Had it 
er been endeavoured until now. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 40 To in- 
devor spoile of all that is therein. 1601 OHNSON 
rye § Nang = (1603) Ab, I Cue nig 8 — 
of your most Honourable praises. vELL Ke 
Transp. 1. 146, 1 have here indeavoured the utmost in- 
genuity toward Mr, Bayes. 


Endei' 1 Obs. rare. In 4 endeyne, 
PB ae Tat. OF. (s' ionier :—L. indignart : 
see INDIGNANT.] intr. To be indignant. Const. 


pee oe Kings xxi. 4 Thanne Achab cam into his 
r 'YCLIF I 4 

hows, grutchynge upon the word that 
Inthe hich fing’ the endeyncden.,— fae i 
‘Whether vp on these I not endyne. 


ENDEIGN. 


+ Endeign,v.? Ods. rare. [f.En-1+ Duan v.] 
vefl. = DEIGN, 

azgoo Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 87 [He] 
pat for dule endeynede hym to dye. 

Endei‘gnous, 2. Ods. rare—'. [f. ENDEIGN 
v1+-ous.] Disdainful. Cf. Detenous. 

cxq00 Test. Love 1. (1560) 274/2 If any would [be] en- 
deynous, or prowd, or be envious. 

+En ent. Obs. rare—}. 

@ 1490 Caxton Eneydos (1889) 16 Entendynge to e com- 
forte .. and yl, to thend [(?vead thentende- 
mentes] and engynes of the werkmen. 

-+Endemete. 0Ods. Also 4 enedmete, 5 ed- 
mette, enmotte. [f. ENDE + -ete MEat.] Duck- 
weed, Lemna minor. 

@1387 Sinon, Bartl, 27 Lentigo super aquam crescit, ance 
enedmete, c¢1440 Promp. Parv. 140 Ende mete [v.7 
endmete, endmette, enmotte], lenticula. 

Endemial (end7‘mial), a. [f. Gr. év8que-os of 
or belonging to a state or people +-au.] = En- 
DEMIC a. 

1672 Sir T. Browne Let. Friend § 14. (1881) 137 Ende- 

ial and local infirmities proper unto certain regions. 1683 
W. Harris Pharmacologia xiv. 255 The Dutch have a 
Natural, and Endemial aversion to all Emeticks. 1756 C. 
Lucas Ess. Waters III. 245 We find them subject to no 
particular endemial disorder. 1808 BentHAM Sc. Reform 8 
Another vice endemial among lawyers. 1830 Gopwin 
Cloudesley I11. xii. 237 Not one company of these endemial 
brigands was any longer to be heard of. 

mdemiic (ende-mik), a. and sd, [f. Gr. év in 
+ djju-os people + -10.] 
A. adj. Constantly or regularly found among a 
(specified) people, or in a (specified) country : es/. 
a. Of plants or animals: Having their ordinary 
habitat in a certain country; opposed to exofzc. 
b. Of diseases; Habitually prevalent in a certain 
ny, and due to permanent local causes. 

1759 GoLpsm. Bee No. 1 A deformity which, as it was 
endemic .. it had been the custom .. to look upon as the 
, ates beauty. 1776 Apa Smitx W, N. I. 1. viii. 77 note, 

‘amines are periodical or endemic in Hindostan. 1802 
Med. Frni, VIII. 450 The author .. proceeds .. to show in 
what sense the plague may be termed endemic. 1830-2 
Lye.t Princ. Geol. (1875) IL. 11. xli, 413 The endemic, and 
other species of animals and plants in the Atlantic Islands. 
1852 Bracke Stud. Lang. 1 An unreflecting habit of routine 
that seems endemic among official men in our country. 1876 
Darwin Cross- Fertil. xi. 415 Bees .. visit many exotic 
flowers as readily as the endemic kinds. 

B. sd. An endemic disease. Also fig. 

1662 J. CHANDLER Van Helmont’s Oriat. 191 It is not 
manifest, that Endemicks or things proper to people in the 
Countrey where ra live, are drawn by the Arteries. 1809 
W. Irvine Knickerb. vu. viii. (1849) 417 That talking en- 
demic, so prevalent in this country. 185 Buckie Civils. 
I, 118 European diseases, some of which, such as small- 
pox, have passed from epidemics into endemics. 1859 Sa. 
Rev. vit, 261/2 Snobbishness is an insidious endemic. 

Endemical (endemikal), a. [f. prec. + -au.] 
= ENDEMIC a. 

1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 92 Those endemical 
malignant vapours, which infect the air. 1684 tr. Bonet’s 


Merc. Compit. v1, 208 With the Aegyptians .. the Plague is, 


commonly endemical. 1788 Burke Sf. agst. W. Hastings 
Wks. XIII. 424 Bribery was the ancient, radical, endemical, 
and ruinous distemper of the Company’s affairs. 1831 Car- 
LYLE Sart. Res. (1858) 94, I mean the epidemic, now en- 
demical, of View-hunting. 1870 J. CamERon Phases Thought 
149 The endemical disorder passing rapidly into epidemical. 

‘Ende-mically, adv, [f. ENDEMICAL a. + -LY2.] 
In an endemical manner ; as an endemic. 

166x HickERINGILL Yamaica 100 There is no Countrey 
Disease. .endemically raging throughout the Isle. 1824-9 
Lanpvor /mag. Conv. (1846) I. 21 It.. prevents the expan- 
sion of principles endemically noxious through incalculable 
ages. 1855 Househ. Wds. XII. 71 Goitre prevails en- 
demically. | , raee 

Endemicity (endémi'siti). [f Enprmtc @.+ 
-ITty.] The quality or fact of being endemic, 

1886 Myers Phant. Living 298 The sporadic endemicity 
of certain traditions of folk-lore, 1887 Q. Rev. Jan. 206 The 
limits of the area of endemicity. 

+Ende’mious, 2. Obs. rare—1. [f. Gr. évdy- 
pu-os (see ENDEMIAL) + -0US.] = ENDEMIC. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 1. 37 The Iapanois. .in their 
endemious Cod-rupture. 

Endemnify, -ity: see Inp-. 

+ Endemo-niasm. 0Oés. rare—1. [f. Gr. évin 

+ daipov, Saivov-os Demon, on analogy of enthz- 
sg Inspiration by a demon. 

1751 Byrom Exthus. Poet. Wks. 1773 II. 24 The variety 
of delusion with which a different spirit may then possess 
its votaries will centre. .in endemoniasm. 

Enden, var. HENDEN, Ods., hence. 

Endeniza‘tion. Ods. rare. Also indeniza- 
tion. [f. ENDENIZE v.+-ATION.] The process of 
making (a person) a denizen or citizen. 

15) SrupBes op ag” Gulf Cj, They..are accompted 
mem) with us of thys body by endenization or enfraun- 
chisement. 1643 Prynne Ofen. Gt. Seale 17 Secondly, of 
Indenization or Enfranchisment. 1683 Evetyn JZem. (1857) 
II, 258 There were also another pardon, and two indeniza- 
tions, 1709 L. Mitsourne Medius Ing. 8 Our law-books 
give us an account of endenization. 

+ Ende‘nize, v. Ods. Also indenize. [altered 
form of ENDENIZEN, assimilated to verbs in -2ze.] 

1. trans. To make a denizen or citizen of; to 
naturalize, enfranchise. Also ¢ransf. and jig. 


159 


1598 Fiorio, Patriare, to endenize, or enfranchise into a 
countrie. 1603 Daniet Def. Rhime (1717)7 Every language 
hath her proper Number or Measure. fehiel Custom. .doth 
indenize and make natural. 1614 BarGRAve (1615) Serm, 
B iij b, Dauid made hast to be indenized, and possessed of 
the Kingdome of Heauen. 1687 Luttrett Brief Rel. (1857) 
E bar Poa ae French..are lately gott out of France..and 
the King hath indenized several of them. : 

2. To remove into another order of being; to 
change into a superhuman or supersensuous form, 
and so to ‘spirit away,’ to ‘translate’. Hence, to 
metamorphose. 

16r0 Heacey St, Aug. Citie of God 498 Aneas was not to 
bee found ; some said he was indenized. 1633 J. FisHEeR 
True Trojans u, iii, in Hazl. Dodsley X11. 172 The perverse 
and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes. 

Hence Ende‘nized /#/. a., Ende‘nizing vd/. si. 

1610 W. Fo.kincuam A7tof Survey. vii. 14 What choice, 
selected, and endenized Hearbes, Plants, Fruits and Physicall 
Simples be implanted and bestowed. 1643 W. Burton tr. 
Alstedius’ Beloved City To Rdr. 2 The generall welcome 
and long entertainment, which the other learned workes of 
this same Authour have had in our Schooles. .seemed to me 
not to deny this piece an endenizing, or freedome. 

Endenizen (ende‘nizan), v. Forms: 6 en- 
denison, 7 en-, indenizon, indenizen, 6- en- 
denizen. [f. En- 1+ DEnizEn.] 

1. trans. To make a denizen or citizen of; to 
naturalize, enfranchise. Also ¢vansf. and fig. 

1592 G. Harvey New Letter 6 Oh that the worthy Du 
Bartas were so endenisoned. a 1637 B, Jonson Eng. Gram. 
Words indenizened, i. e. derived from the Greek, and com- 
monly used as English: as azure, zeal, zephyre, etc. 1652 
Urqunart Yewel Wks. (1834) 195 Liberty to endenizon new 
citizens in the commonwealth of languages. 1708 Penn in 
Pa. Hist, Soc. Mem. X. 292, I shall get them either natur- 
alized or endenizened by the Queen. 1823 Lams £éia, 
Detached Th. Bhs. 420 The books.. have not endenizened 
themselves. .in the national heart. 1830 Gopwin Cloudesley 
III. ii. 33, I would have endenisened myself in a country 
where I could make myself respected. a 

+2. intr. To become a denizen or citizen. Ods. 

1598 Forio, /rurbare, to endenizen, to become..a citizen 
or a ciuill man. 

Endent, endenture: see INDENT, INDENTURE. 

+Endently, a. or adv. Her. Obs. rare. Also 
in 6 endentallye. [f. F. exdenté indented + -Ly.] 
= INDENTED. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. B iij b, The fifthe quadrate is 
calde endently of iij diuerse weis. 1586 FERNE Blac. Gentrie 
207 The last of the quadrates finall was called endentallye. 

Endentus. 

1567 Trial Treasure in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 263 For of mans 
living here there is no point endentus, Therefore a little 
mirth is worth much sorrow, some say. 

Ender (e'ndaz), sd. [f. END v.+-ER.] He who 
or that which ends. 

a. He who or that which puts an end or ter- 
mination to anything. Formerly also, He who 
brings a person to his end. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Knight's T. 1918 Myn hertes lady, ender 
of my lyf! 1587 TurBerv. 7rag. T. (1837) 79, Lhe day 
thou sawste me last, Was ender of my life. 1612 RowLANps 
More Knaues Yet 27 When the ender of all mortals comes, 
Pale death. 1675 Baxter Cath. Theol. u. 131 The maker 
but not the ender of Controversies. 1879 R. K. DouGias 
Confucianism iii. 76 Destiny is called the giver and ender 
of life. 

b. He that brings anything to completion. 

1382 Wycur Hebr. xii. 2 Biholdinge into the maker of 
feith and ender [Vulg. consummator], Ihesu. 1413 Lypc. 
Pilgr. Sowle v. xiv. (1483) 108 The hooly ghoost that is the 
ender and the fulfiller, 

+Evnder, a. Obs. Forms: 3-4 endir, -ur, 5 
endyr, 3-5 ender. Also 5 endurs, endris, 
enderes, endyrs, Sc. andyrs. f[app. a. or f. 
ON. endr adv., ‘ formerly, else, again’, corresp. to 
Goth. andiz-(wh) ‘either’ (conj.), and perh. to dial. 
Ger. ender, ehnder ‘before, sooner’; the OTeut. 
type *andzz is an adv. in the compar. deg. related 
to AnD. It seems probable that exder-day, ender- 
night, were originally compounds of the adv., 
though a trace of adjectival flexion occurs in the 
ON. compound endra-nxr ‘at some other time’. 
The forms with final s are of obscure origin.] 

Only in phrase, 7his ender day, night, year, in- 
dicating a day, etc. recently past. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4561 Me thoght in drem, pis ender night, 
icom in a medu slight. /é7d. 5672 Wil pou sla me als 

uu has slain pis endir dai pe e; ian? ¢ 1330 Arth. § 
Merl, 917 So Y slepe this ender-night Bi me lay a selcouthe 
wight. 1393 Gower Conf II. 381 This ender day as I gan 
fare. cx1400 Thomas of Erce: me 25 (Cambr. MS. c 1450) 
As I me went pis Andyrs day [7hornton Endres daye, 
Lansd. this thender day], ffast on my way Levante, rf mone, 
¢ 1440 /pomydon 830 I am. .the strange squyére, t servyd 
my lady this endris yere. c 1450 Guy Warw., (C) 2828 He 
slewe my lordys sone be emperowre This endurs day in a 
stowre. @1450 Le Morte Arth. 1017 Thinke ye not on this 
endris day. 3 i 

Hence Andersith adv. [OE. s/0 time, occasion], 
previously, beforetime. 

a1300 Cursor M. 2110 Affrik .. That andesith [Faizt 
sum tide] was cald Libi. Jézd. 24268 (Gétt.) Mi schepe er 
funden. . Pat tint war andersith [Zdixd, andersipe]. 

+ Evnder, v. Obs. rare—'. [? var. of ENTER; 
but cf. *eder implied in acne intr. To enter, 

c1325 Sir Tristr. 323 Ysett he hab be long asise And 
2 bep per inne, 


endre 


ENDING. 


+ E-vnderest, a. Obs. rare—'. [superlative of 
*ender, INDER, inner.] Inmost. 

1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 80 Prayse hym..in the en- 
derest of youre harte for the benefytes. 

Endermatic (endeime'tik), a. [f. Gr. év+ 
deppar- stem of dépya skin + -1c.] = next. 

In mod. Dicts. : 

Endermiec (endsumik), a. [f. Gr. é + 5épy-a 
skin +-1c.] That acts on the skin, or by pene- 
trating beneath the skin. Ludermic method (see 
quot, 1831). 

x83t J. Davies Man. Mat. Med, 263 He administers it by 
the endermic method ; that is, applied in the form of a salve 
on a part deprived of the epidermis. 1875 H. Woop Therap. 
(1879) 21 The endermic method is very rarely employed. 

mdermical (ends-imikal), a. [f. ENDERMIC a. 
+-AL.] = prec. Hence Ende‘rmically adv., by 
the endermic method. 

1849-52 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 1260/1 Certain medicines... 
eppted endermically, may induce a similarcondition. 1875 

. Woop Therap. (1879) 164 Veratria is exceedingly irritat- 
ing..producing when given hypodermically or endermically 
severe pain. 

+ Evndermost, a. Ods. rave—}. [Irregularly 
f. END sé., after the analogy of H1nDERMOoS?, etc. ] 
Nearest to the end ; furthest. 

1803 S. Peace Anecd. Eng. Lang. 102 Our Cockney has 
analogy to warrant him in his compounds when he talks 
of the endermost house in a street. 

Enderon (e‘ndérgn). Phys. [Irregularly f. Gr. 
év in+6ép-os, 5€p-ya skin.] A term introduced 
by Prof. Huxley to denote the inner derm or 
true skin, or any homologous structure. Opposed 
to Ecbrron, Hence Endero‘nic a. 

1859 Huxtey in Todd Cyc. Anat. V. 476/1 The entire 
internal (deep) area of metamorphosis [I call] the Enderon. 
1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 237 The name Enderon is ap- 
plied to the deeper or dermal layer wherever situate, 

Endesith: see END sd. 25. 

Endetted, obs. form of INDEBTED. 

¢ 1386 CHaucer Chan. Yem. Prol. & 7.181 And yet lam 
endetted so therby Of gold. 1561 tr. Calvin's Koure Godlye 
Sevm. ii. sig. Dv, If we be so endetted and bounde to god. 

Endeure, obs. form of ENDURE. 

+ Endew’,v. Olds. In6endue. [f. Ex-) + Drew 
sb.] trans. To moisten as with dew; to bedew. 

c¢ 1510 Barctay Mirr. Good Mann. (1570) A iij, Swete 
showres descending with droppes Christaline Endueth the 
dry ground. 7 

‘iendew, Endeyne, obs. f. Enpur, ENDEIGN. 

+Evndfull, ¢. Ods. rare—'. [f. Exp 5b. + Fuut.] 
Full of ends or aims; ambitions, busy. 

Hence ? E-ndfully adv. rare—'. (But perhaps 
should be read as two words, end filly.) 

1645 Quartes Sol. Recant. v. 58 Bend Thy endfull heart 
to make heav’ns glory th’ end. c1400 Afo/. Loll. 61 He is 
be midyl, end, ordeyning, & gouerning, He is endfully con- 
suming & keping. 

+ Endiablee, v. Ols. vave—'. [ad. F. endi- 
abler, f. en in + diable devil.] trans. To put a 
devil into, possess as with a devil. 

a@ 1734 NortH Exam. (1740) 571 Such an one as might 
best endiablee the Rabble, and set them a bawling against 
Popery. _| F a 

+ Endia‘blement. O¢s. vave—!. [as if a. Fr. 
*endiablement, f. endiabler : see prec.) Diabolical 
possession, 

@ 1734 Nortu Exam. m. viii. P 35 (1740) 608 There was a 
terrible Rage of Faces made at him [Sir John Moor], as if 
an Endiablement had possessed them all. 

Endiadem, Endiaper: see En- prefix 1, 

Endict, Endight, etc., obs. ff. Inpicr, INDITE. 

Ending (endin), v7, sd. [f. END v.1+-1NG1,] 

1, The action of the verb Enp!: termination, 
conclusion, completion ; + death, etc. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 39 Sodlice bet rip is worulde 
endung. cxx7§ Lamb. Hom.71 God..3efe us..riht scrift 
et ure endunge. c1330 R. BrunNE Chron, (1810) 10 Whan 
pe Kyng Kynwolf had don his endyng. 1340 Hampote Pr. 
Consc. 34 Swa sal he [God] mak endyng Ofalle thing. 1375 
Barsour Bruce m1. 276 To bryng All thair empress to gud 
endyng. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 1 And 3eve me grace to breng 
to godde heyndynge. ¢1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) 1. 324, I 
pray god bryng hym to an ille endyng. 1562 Act 5 Eliz. 
c. 15 § x (Ruffhead), The Expiration and Ending of the 
Statute. 31594 Hooker Eccl. Pol.1. x. (1611) 33 For the 
ending of strifes touching matters of Christian beleefe. 
1629 Mitton Wativity 239 Time is our tedious song should 
here have ending. 1655 Futter Hist. Camb. (1840) 139 
Her death. .did not finally obstruct the ending of St. John’s 
College. 1766 Entick London IV. 34 The terms, or times 
for pleading and ending of causes in the civil courts. 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 72 Every lease must contain a 
sufficient degree of certainty, as to its beginning, continu- 
ance, and ending. 1848 Ciovcu Bothie 1 The sports were 
now at the ending. 1868 Morris Zarthly Par. (1870) II. 
ut, 400 A fair ending crowned atroublous day. 

2. The concluding part of a piece of work, a 
book, etc. ; formerly also, of a space of time. 

c 1400 Rom. Rose 2163 The book is good at the eendyng. 
wha Pacers Christianogr. U1. (1636) 88 Although we live in 
the latter ending of the world. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) 
I. 114 The Dialogue fails in unity, and has not a proper 
beginning, middle, and ending. = P 

3. The last part or termination of an organic 
structure ; an extremity. 

1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary’s Phaner. § Ferns 232 


ENDING. 


With blind endings only in the growing-points and at the 
ends of periph branches. 

4. The concluding part of a word, of a metrical 
line, piece of music, etc.; also, an inflexional or 
formative suffix. 

1599 Suaxs. Much Ado v. ii. 40, I can find out no rhyme 
to lady but baby .. for scorn, horn..for school, fool. .verie 
ominous ne. 1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets wir) But 
volumes of endin; lugg’d in Foe need ’em, rts 
and — - x a —— coger ag viii, 
Each ie Tones. . a variety of endings. 4 Reader 
24 Sept. 375 Replacing all the endi of its oblique cases 
by their p: itional value. ower Plato (ed, 2) I. 
Introd. 13 The want of case endings. 

5. attrib.; esp. + ending-day, the day of death ; 
+ ending-post, the winning-post ; ending-stone, 
(UY. S.), a particular kind of millstone (see quots.). 

Chart, Thurkytel in Cod. Dipl. 1V. 294 Bute he it de 
deppere bete er his ending day. ¢ 1320 Sir Tristr. 1672 
Her loue mi3t no man tvin Til her endingday. 1523 Lp. 
Berners Froiss. 1. cccxxxii. 520 At last came his endyng 
day. 1760 R. Heser Horse Matches ix. 29 As she or t ey 
come in by the ending-post each heat. 1791 ‘G. GaAmBapo 
Acad. Horsem. xv. (1809) 126 One was seen to arrive at the 
ending Post without his bridle. 1883 E. Incersott in 
Harper's Mag. June 76/1 Now the ending-stones are en- 
countered, which break the germinal point off each grain. 

Ending (e'ndin), f/. a. [f. Enp v.1+-1nG@?.] 

1. That ends, finishes, or puts an end to; final. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 25863 (Cott.) To = sal pou be 
send. 1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 30 The ending end 
of all earthly learning, being vertuous action. 186 E. 
Irvine, Babylon II. vil. 228 This ending act of judgment and 
desolation may begin, 

+ 2. In zxtr. sense: Dying, near one’s end. Ods. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. v. 80 This bitter taste Yeeld 
his engrossements To the ending Father. 

Hence + E*ndingly, adv. Ods. 

1611 Cotcr., Periodiguement, endingly, concludingly, or 
towards the conclusion. 

Endip, obs. var. InpIP. 

Endirke(n, obs. form of ENDARK. 

Enditch : see En- pref) 3. 

Endite, etc., obs. f. of Inpict, INDITE, etc. 
Endive (e‘ndiv). Forms: 5-6 endyve, (5 
endywe), 6-7 endiue, 6- endive. [a. Fr. endive 
= Pr., Sp. and It. endivia:—late L. *intybea adj. 
fem. f. intibus (intubus, intybus,-um). A late Gr. 
évrvBoy (roth c.) is prob. ad. L.)] The name of two 
species of Chicory (Cichorium, N.O. Composite). 

a. C. Intybus, now called Wild Endive, Suc- 

cory, or Chicory, indigenous in Europe, and 
common in a wild state in many parts of England. 
b. In mod. use chiefly applied to C. Endivia, 
alleged by some writers to have been imported 
into Europe from China in the 16th c. Ofthis there 
are two varieties, the Batavian or broad-leaved, 
formerly called also Scariole, and that with a 
curled or frizzled leaf, which is commonly blanched 
for use as salad, etc. 

Both species have pale blue flowers ; the ‘ blue endive’ of 
the poets is C. /utybus, 

c 1440 Promp. Parv. 140 Endyve, herbe, endivia. 1533 
Ecyot Cast, Helthe (1541) 28 b, Endyveand Scariole be moche 
like in their operation to Cykorie. 1597 Gerarp Herbal 

11. xxvii, § 4 Curled Endive hath leaues not vnlike to those of 
the curled or Cabbage Lettuce. 1655 CuLpeprer Riverius 
1, 1, 2x But in Summer we can allow a moderate use of 
Herbs..as Endive, Succory, Sorrel. 1710 Puitirs Pastorals 
iv. 8 Daisies white and Endive blue. 1720 Gay Poems 
(1745) I. 113 Upon her grave the rosemary they threw The 
daisy, butter-flower and endive blue. 1832 Veg. Sudst. Food 

o2 Endive..cultivated, if not found wild, in China and 

apan, 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 62/3 Endive, both curled and 

atavian, must be got into cold frames and blanched as 


uired for use. 
"Sindizen : see En- pref.) 3.., 

Endleofan, -leofe%a, -lyfta, -leofte, -left, 
obs. forms of ELEVEN, ELEVENTH. 

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 117 Endleofte unpeau is folc beo butan 
steore, cr K. Alis. 57 Genner was the endleft [vzis- 
printed endlest] Feverel the tweolthe. 

Endless (e'ndlés), a. and adv. [OE. endeléas, 
f. ende, END sb,: see -LESS.] Having no end. 

1. Having no end or limit of duration; unend- 
ing, eternal. 

c 888 K. Aitrrep Boeth, xxxviii. § ape earmpa beop ende- 
lease pe ece biop. c 1175 Lamb, Hom. 7 it scal king 
bon on pet endelese kineriche. @ raag Ancr. R. 146 pi 
mede bet were endeleas Fly. fed dede were iholen, 1297 
R. Grove. (1724) 152 ‘ ! he septs. ‘be deolful harm, 
bat ysendeles !’ _@ 1340 Hampote Psalter xxv. 4 Lightyn- 
and pou wondirfully fra hilles endles [Vulg. a monti 
#ternis). & Gower Conf. II, 7o Whos name shall be 
endeles For the merveiles which he wrought. 1530 
Myrr. our Ladye 321 And I byleue endelesse lyfe. 
Suaks. Rich, //, 1. iii. 222 My. .time-bewasted light Shall 
extinct withage, and endlesse night. « Hoppes Leviath, 
1v. xlvi. 374 Eternity .. an Endiesse Succession of Time. 
171r STEELE Sfect. No. 75 ? 8 Death ..is a short Night 
followed by an endless Bay. 1827 PoLLox Course 7. v, 
Heard the burning of the endless flames, 1850 TENNYSON 
Jn Mem. xivu. iii, And we shall sit at endless feast. 

b. Ayperbolically for: Interminable ; perpetual, 
incessant, constant. 

¢ 888 K. Aiurrep Boeth. xxxvi. § 1 Pat..is endeleas 
wundor. 1§77 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. u. (1586) 52 b, 
To speake of all sortes of hearbes and were an end- 
lesse labor. 1594 Hooker Ecof, Pol. 1, x. (1611) 26 Strife 


reduced. Burke Regic. Peace Wks. 1842 II. 325 

Ai the mle ween, meas cig, eRe 
1A minu 

fowes Hi . Philos. (1867) I. 213 Hence the endless 

positions almost 


out endless plati . F 
2. Of things extended in space: Boundless, in- 
finite ; now chiefly with reference to length. For- 
merly also of depth: Bottomless. Often hyfer- 
nee. oad 
voc. Pilgr. Si v. i. (18: The e 
Pi ne. ne Par gy 9 


endlesse is your labyrinth of blisse. 1633 P. FLETCHER 
Elisa 1. xxiv, Els had the endlesse pit too quickly caught 
me. 1647 CowLey Mistress iv. (1669) 42 By Thee the one 
does changing Nature through Her endless Labyrinths 
pursue. 1856 Kane Arct. ty II. xx. 199 Weary of the 
endless waste of ice toseaward. 1864 Mrs. CartyLe Left. 
III. 238 An old manor house, with endless passages. 1873 
Brack Pr. Thule viii. 129 The endless miles of moor. 

3. Of immaterial things, quality, number, etc. : 
Unbounded, limitless, infinite. 

138 . Wycur Sed. Wks. I11. 509 pe reule 30ven of Crist 
ofhis a wisdom ~~ bactar tg8 “hen a 
1450-1530 Myrr. our lye 4 e endeles 
Trnite 1595 SHaxs. Fohn v. vi. 12 Thou, and endles 
night, Haue done me shame. a@ 1658 R. Harris in Spurgeon 
Treas. Dav. Ps, cxxxvi. 1 Mercy..is negatively endless .. 
because unboundable for being. 1776 Apam Situ W7. N. 
I. 1. xi. 175 For the amusement of those desires which 
cannot be gratified, but which seem altogether endless. 
1863 E. Neate Anal. Th. & Nat. 53 A phase in itself 
endless, as Kant calls it, since no limit can be put to the 
ed modifications of quality. 1875 Jowetr P/ato(ed. 2) 

II. 161 The individual man has an endless value in the 
sight of God. ; : 

+b. quasi-sd. (Arithmetical) infinity. Ods. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xx. cxxvi. (1495) 926 The 
nombre lineall begynnyth fro one and is wryte arowe and 
lyne vnto endlesse. . j F . 

4. Having no definite extremity or terminal point 
of length. +a. Endless gut: the colon (perhaps 
including the rectum). Ods. 


ENDLONG. 


This di for its endlessness like the 
2 ete toes eeaatere es 


Something indefinitel: or ; 
an infinite ge tteeminabie | ; 


cnsor Se. so aoa) IS Any thing in th endless- 
oO. 1622) 1. ie 
Gitiad stncoee. sag Lonutn Micteide Teun 6 Fancy 
Saiuanetendes tress aces ad a. 7 
» prep., ., and @ Forms: 
3 andelong, 3-4 endelong, (4 endelyng), 4- 
endlong, north, dial. endlang. [The early 
southern ME. endelong, f. ende END sb.+ Lone, 
seems to have been substituted by popular ety- 
mology for the preposition (see ALONG 
rep , the first element of this ha ceased to 
intelligible, while the new compound yielded an 
identical sense (cf. on end, end on, ENDAWAY). In 
purely southern English ende/ong did not long sur- 
vive, its place being taken by ALONG, the reduced 
form of the earlier and/ang. But from 14th c. on- 
wards endlang, endlong appear (as prep. and adv.) 
in northern and midland dialects, where they may 
be f. ON. endelangr, OSE aaa ende-r vad, 
+ langr LONG), synonymous andlang adj. 
‘the whole length of ? In our quots. the adjec- 
tival use of end/ong first occurs in a passage of 
Caxton’s ed. of Trevisa’s Higden, where it is sub- 
stituted for evelong (= AVELONGE, oblong), used 
by Trevisa himself. Subsequently (in 17th c.) the 
adv. assumed the sense ‘ on end’, ‘ end foremost or 
downwards’, in accordance with the analogy of 
words like headlong, sidelong, where -/ong is a per- 
version of the OE. suffix -/umga. This use still 
occasionally appears in standard Eng. ; the other 
uses are now peculiar to Sc. and no dialects, 
except as deliberate archaisms. 

Prof. Sievers (Festgaben fiir Bohtlingk 1888) considers 
that the second element in OE. is not identical 
ape iting erg in | 

, bus 5 3 4 
idiong, he regards as altered from andiangr, OF. and. 


c 1450 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 574 Colon, the endelez gutte, 
Ibid. 603 Podex, the endeles gut. : 

b. Mech. Endless band, -cable, -chain, -strap: 
one whose ends are joined for the purpose of con- 
tinuous action over wheels, etc. Endless knife, 
Saw: a continuous band of steel with either a sharp, 
or a toothed edge for a similar purpose. Zndless 
screw: a short length of screw revolving on an 
axis, by which continuous motion is imparted to 
a toothed wheel. 

1816 J. Smit Panorama Sc. §& Art 1.98 A rapid motion 
is communicated. . by means of an endless strap from a large 
fly wheel. 1822 Imison Sc. § Art (ed. Webster) I. 58 Screws 
with sharp threads, have more friction than those with 
square threads; and endless screws have more than either. 
1833 HoLtanp Manuf. Metal 11, 144 (Cabinet Cycl.) Pro- 
jecting points. .acting in the links of an endless chain. 1854 
J. HocG Microsc. 1. ii. (1867) 142 By a slight variation in 
their positions produced by an endless-screw motion. 1884 
Health Exhib. Catal, 113/1 One Brazing Machine for endless 
knives. 1885 Law Times LX XX. 101/1 The cloth... being 
caught in an endless leathern band io a pulley on 
the shaft. 1887 Daily News 8 Feb. 6/3 The cars will be 
worked on the successful endless-cable principle. 

+5. ?Fruitless, profitless. Ods. rare—'. 

@ 1625 Fretcuer Lover's Pilgr. u. iii, All loves are end- 


lesse. 
+ B. adv. a. Infinitely, in an infinite degree. 
b. For an infinite Spee for ever. Obs. 

c 1325 £. £, Alit. P. A. 737 Hit [the pearl] is endelez 
rounde & blype of mode. c 1340 Cursor M. 23326 (Trin.) 
Pei_haue lost hit endeles. 138 » Wyciir Eng. Wks, (1880) 
71 Endeles mercyful & le lord, helpe pi pore wrecchide 
a 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vin. i. (149) ) 294 

en saye that a is endl he. ¢ 1400 Destr, 
Troy rh ad Exiled for euermore endles to sorow. : 

Hence + E-ndlesshede [see -HEAD], the quality 
or condition of being endless ; eternal existence. 

a 1340 Hampote Cant. Psalter 509 Fra be wayes of his 
endleshede. 

Endlessly (e'ndlésli), adv. [f. prec. +-ny 2] 
In an endless manner; everlastingly, for ever; 
perpetually, unceasingly. 

¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 55 To be quicknid 3endlesly. ¢ 
Loneticu Grail xlix. 64 For they ben Goadis Sodan 
1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 4 Endelesly .. presente in the 
syghte of hys Godly forknowynge. 1509 Fisher Fun. Sermt, 

"tess Richmond (1708) 36 To whome be laude and honoure 
e 1616 Lane Sgr, Tale xi. 208 Curious galleries. . 
endlesselie roundin, ~~ Truth Eng. Ch. 4x Lest 

lose Him, 


they should endless Houxtey Physiogr. 
Pret, The sealeiionun envd endlessly shitting phenomena of 
nature, 

Endlessness (e'ndlésnés). [f as prec. + 
-NESS. 

he The quality of being endless. 

1340 Hamrote Pr. Consc. 8129 Ffor if endlesnes any end 
ata > war it endlesnes un ly cald, x80 
Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Infinité, endlesnesse. 
Deacon & WAKER Spirits § Divels 47 There would be a 
progresse in endlesnesse. a 1656 Hates Gold. Rem, (1688) 


lang by popular etymology.) 

A. prep. From end to end of; a or over 
the length of (as opposed to across), fol! the 
line of, onwards by the side of; along. Chi 
of place, rarely of time. 

ar liana 30 Ant healden on hire h hit urne 
endelong hire leofliche bodi. azaas St. Marher. 10 Ant 
droh pa endelong hire ant pwertouer — derewurde 
taken. 1375 Barsour Bruce um. 414 Endlang the louchhis 
syd..besyly thai socht, ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sgr’s T. 408 The 
rede blood Ran endelong [v. ». endelyng] tree, Rex 3 
t 

RY 


pgponet dna 97 Dyate threde with the frute TS: 

a rownde spete, lelonge 

Arthur x. \xiv, Sir Helyus .. Gua ae pi ouer- 
thwart and endlonge alle the feld. 1g08- Dunsar Gold. 
Targe xv, Ladyes to dance full sobirly assayit .. Endlang 
the lusty rywir. a1547 Eart Surrey Aeneid tv. 328 Like 
to the foule, that en costes and strondes. . flies sweping 
by the sea. 1600 Hottanp Livy g2x (R.) The singular dis- 
cipline and order of that nation in time, was going 
downward and Camry gees yeeres and ages alredie. 
a1758 Ramsay Poet. . (1844) 86 Lay them [thir tangs] 
a8 ig his pow or shin. 


+1. Extended at full length; at one’s whole 
length ; horizontally. mot be north. ork 
enktbog ure a touks tt Gis came ne 
collong S21 Totehe slag Asenos Whey Geet 
tummelf'd end lan, 


g. 

2. From end to end, lengthwise, longitudinally, 
as distinguished from crosswise or athwart. arch. 
exc. north. dial. 


Planting 78 Of eyther (vine) pare away halfe u 
the pith. 1594 BLunpevit Zverc, ut. u. vi. (ed. 7) 382 Foure 
barley kernels couched close pegathan side by side, and not 
ger bread 1825 Scorr 
Talism., vii, Galloping in full career .. about and sound, 


endlong. 
+ 8. Of motion in a longitudinal direction: Right 
along, s! t on, straight through, Ods. exc. 
north. dial. 


TorkKINGTON 7, (1884) 47 An howge .. Serpent .. 
endlong Te coaht Side of the Chincha wall 1700 
Davoan Pel. ¢ Arcim. 65% Spurring at full speed, ran end- 
long on. 1854 H. Mitter Sch. § Schm. ix, (1857) 186 He 
was driven against the wall of the kiln. 

b. Of speech : Continuously. 

1815 Scorr M. xi, He never could preach five words 
ai x teense z 


4. On end, perpendicularly, vertically. 


eee ye eee ee ee ee 


7 


ENDLONGES. 


1600 Hoitann Livy ut. xxviii, 107 They .. set two of 
[sp |] pitched in the g d endlong, and the third 
overthwart. 16536 Heviin Su7v. France 148 They stood 
not up endlong but lay one upon the other. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. x. 667 Full endlong from the roof the sleeper fell, 
And snap’d the spinal joint. 


C. adj. 
+1. Extended lengthwise, oblong. Ods. 
bra Caxton Trevisa’s Higden (Rolls) Il. 55 Britayne is 
endlong [1387 Trevisa eve longe] and larger in the myddel 
than in thendes. 1541 R. Coptann Guydon's Quest. Chi- 
rurg., Of what shape is the stomacke?.. It is rounde end- 


long. 

2. (Adjectival use of B. 4; cf. headlong adj.) 
Set on end, perpendicular. rare. 

1716 M. Davies Ath. Brit. I. 203 His Grace’s Wife 
being in that end-long Posture [viz., head downwards in 
a chest] was in jeopardy to break her neck. 1840 Brown- 
1nG Sordelo 111. 347 Giant rushes..grew Like demons’ end- 


long tresses. 

+ E-ndlonges, “gs, adv. and prep. Obs. or 
dial. [f. ENDLONG with adverbial genitive ending, 
as in alway(s, betime(s, etc.] = ENDLONG, q.v. 

A. adv. 

4 


1473 Warkw. Chron. 22 It flammed Endlonges fro the Est 
to the Weste. 1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 63 Many 
goodly streets end-longs to the very earth they encindred. 


B. prep. 

1380 Sir Ferumb. 498 Endelonges is stag om blod him 
ran. 1g1g in Pitcairn Crim. Trials I. 262* To pass end- 
langis the Cost. 

+ Evndly, a. and adv. Os. Also 5 eendli, 
endely(e, endlyche. [f. Enp sd. +-ty1, 2.] 

A. adj. a. Conclusive, final. b. Extreme, ex- 
cessive. 

1436 Pol. Poems (1859) II. 201 Ane endely processe of 
pease by auctorite. ¢1475 Partenay 4011 It goth vnto de- 
cline, Rather or later to an endly fine. 1494 FaByYAn VII. 
558 Toke therwith such an endelye fere, that he fell ther- 
with dystraught. 7 

B. adv. a. At last, finally. b. Extremely, very. 
¢1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. iii. (Gibbs MS.) Sche was 
endlyche borgh plente of charyte knytte to hire blessed 
sone. ¢1440 Generydes 4844 The whiche was endly fayre. 
¢ 1449 Pecock Refr. tv. vii, 462 And so fynali and eendli y 
mai conclude. 

Endmete, var. of ENDEMETE. Obés. 

E:ndmost, @. rare. [f. ENp sd. on analogy of 
hindmost ; Bosw.-Toller cites OE. exdemezst from 
Dicts.] Nearest to the end, furthest, most distant. 

1775 in Asu. 1819 in Pantologia. 1879 BrowninG /van 
Tvanov. 196 And see, a rose-light dyes ‘The endmost snow. 


Endo- (e‘ndo; before two unstressed syllables 
endg’), prefix (before a vowel sometimes reduced 
to end-), employed as comb. form of Gr. évdov 
within, in many compounds of mod. formation, 
as E:ndarteri‘tis, Endo-arteri-tis [see ARTERI- 
t1s], Pathol., inflammation of the inner coat of 
an artery. H:ndocho-rion, Amat. [see CHoRION], 
the inner layer of the chorion or membrane that 
encloses the foetus. E’ndochrome (see quot.). 
E-ndocrane [Gr. «pdvov skull; also in Lat. form 
endocra‘nium], the inner surface of the skull. 
E-ndocyst (see quots., also Cyst and Ecrocysr). 
Endogna‘thal a., Zool. [Gr. yva0-os jaw +-at], 
that is placed within the jaw; endognathal palp, 
a palpiform appendage in certain Crustacea. 
E:ndolary‘ngeal a. [cf. LaAryNGEAL], pertaining 
to the interior of the larynx ; hence E:ndolary-n- 
geally adv. E:ndolith [Gr. AiGos stone], one of 
a number of coloured designs on slabs of marble 
or ivory, sawn from a block on the surface 
of which chemically prepared colour has been 
laid, that permeates the material; hence Endo- 
lithic a. E-ndolymph, Amat. [see Lympu], the 
fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of 
the ear. Endometrial a., pertaining to E:ndo- 
metri‘tis, Pathol. [Gr. wntrpa womb + -ITIS (= 
Gr. -?ris)], inflammation of the lining membrane 
ofthe womb. Endo‘metry, Jed. [Gr. -perpia; 
see -METRY], the measurement of an_ internal 
part. E:ndomorph, J/inx. [Gr. poppy form] (see 
quot.). Endopa‘rasite, 7., an animal that 
lives and finds nourishment in the internal organs 
of another; hence E:ndoparasi'tic a. E:ndo- 
phlebi'tis, Pathol. [Gr. prey, paeBéds vein + -ITIS 
(a. Gr. -?rs)], inflammation of the lining mem- 
brane of a vein. E‘ndophragm [Gr. ¢pdyya 
partition], a. Zot. a transverse diaphragm or 
septum; b. Zool. the chitinous covering. of the 
neural canal in the thorax of some Crustacea ; 
hence Endophra‘gmal a. Endophy‘llous a. 
Bot. [Gr. pvadov leaf + -ous] (see quot.). E-ndo- 
phyte, Bot. [Gr. gurdv plant], ta. (see quot. 
1835); b. a plant growing inside another, an 
internal fungus. E*ndoplasm [Gr. tAdcpa some- 
thing moulded or formed] (see quot.; cf. Ecro- 
PLASM s.v. Eoro-). Emdoplast [Gr. mAagrés 
formed], ‘a large protoplasmic corpuscle in the 
external parenchyma of the body of the Infusoria’ 
Vor, Il. 


161 


(Syd. Soc. Lex.) ; hence Endopla‘stic a. ; Endo- 
plas‘tule [see -ULE], ‘a bright rod-like mass 
lying in the interior or on the outside of the endo- 
plast of Protozoa ; supposed to be a male sexual 
organ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Endopleura, Bot. (Gr. 
mAeupa side], the internal covering ofa seed. Hence 
Endopleu‘rite, Zo0/. [see prec.], the portion of the 
apodeme of the thorax in Crustacea, which arises 
from the interepimeral membrane connecting each 
pair of somites. Endo‘podite [Gr. zovs 70d-ds 
foot + -1TE], ‘the innermost of the two processes 
appended to the basal process of the hinder limbs 
of some of the Crustacea’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). En- 
doptile a. Sot. [Gr. mridov feather], ‘said of an 
embryo, whose plumule is rolled up by the coty- 
ledon, as in endogens’ (Zveas. Bot.). Evndo(r)- 
rhiz, Bot. [Gr. fifa root], ‘the sheath-enclosed 
radicle of an endorrhizous plant, which does not 
lengthen, but gives origin from its termination or 
from its sides to short rootlets’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.), 
Hence Endor(r)hi‘zal, -ous, adjs. E-ndosarc, 
Zool.[Gr. odpt capx-és flesh], the inner sarcode-layer 
of certain rhizopods, such as the Amceba. E-ndo- 
scope, Med. [Gr. -cxomos watching], ‘an instru- 
ment so arranged as to give a view of some internal 
part of the body through a natural canal’ (.Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). Hence Endosco'pic a. Endo‘scopy, 
the examination of internal parts by means of the 
endoscope. E:ndoske‘letal, of or pertaining to 
the E:ndoske‘leton, Azar. [see SKELETON], the in- 


ternal framework of the Vertebrata, consisting of | 


bone and cartilage, as distinguished from the bony 
and leathery integuments of some animals. E-n- 
dosperm, Sof. {Gr. onépya seed], the nutritive 
element, also called albumen, enclosed with the 
embryo in many seeds; hence Endospe‘rmic a. 
Emdospore, Sot. [Gr. omopa sowing], a. the 
inner coat of a spore in lichens ; b. a spore formed 
in the interior of a theca; hence E:ndospo-rous 
a.,a term applied to fungi whose spores are con- 
tained inacase. Endo-steal a., Avat. [see -at], 
pertaining to the endosteune (q.v. below) ; hence 
Endo'steally adv. Endoste‘rnite, Zoo/. [Gr. 
orépvov breast + -1TE], the portion of the apodeme 
of the thorax in Crustacea which arises from the 
intersternal membrane. Endo‘steum, Aza‘. [mod. 
L., f£. Gr. éd07éov bone], the internal periosteum. 
Endo'stoma, Zoo/. [Gr. ordua mouth] (see quot.). 
E:ndostome, 4o/. [see prec.], the aperture in the 
inner integument of an ovule. Endostosis [Gr. 
éaréov bone, on the analogy of éféorwais], an 
internal growth of bone. E-ndostyle, Zoo/. [Gr. 
orddos column], ‘a rigid, hollow, whitish, rod-like 
structure on the floor of the ventral groove of 
Tunicata’ (Syd.Soc.Lex.). Hence Endosty'lic a. 
Endothe'ca [Gr. 6j«n case], a. Zoo/., the inner 
layer of the wall of the sac of the gonosome of 
the Hydrozoa; b. Bot., the inner membrane of 
the wall of the cells of the anther. Hence Endo- 
the’cal a., (dissepiments) horizontal plates grow- 
ing inwards from the septa of a corallite (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). Endothe‘lial a., relating to endothe- 
lium. Endothe‘lioid a., resembling endothelium. 
Endothe'lium, Piys. [Gr. 677 nipple], the layer 
of cells lining a bloodvessel or serous cavity, in 
structure similar to Epirnenium. Also pl. En- 
dothe'lia, vessel-cells. 

1866 A. Funt Princ. Med. (1880) 196 *Endarteritis. 
1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 161 An habitual use of 
alcohol .. causes chronic endarteritis. 1857 Buttock Ca- 
zeaux Midwif. 195 The internal or allantoid is essen- 
tially vascular, and has been denominated the *endochorion. 
1835 Linptey Jxtrod. Bot, (1848) II. 121 *Endochrome, 


the granular contents of spores and sporidia. 1884 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., Endochrome .. specially applied to the colour- 
ing matter of vegetable cells when any other colour than 
green. 1878 BartLey tr. Topinard’s Anthrop. u. iii. 204 
How. much more pergerennel should we [attach] to its 
interior or *endocrane? 1877 Huxtry Anat. Jnv. An. vii. 
403 In addition to these externally visible sclerites, there is 
a sort of internal skeleton (*endocranium or tentorium), 
1872 NicHotson Palgont. 191 The *endocyst is invariably 
flexible and membranous. 1880 Atheneum 23 Oct. 
536/t Within the cell [in Polyzoa] comes the body-wall 
known as the endocyst. 1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv. An. 
vi. 345 The a palp. 1888 Sir M. Mackenzie 
Fromerich the Noble 191, I had twice done an *endolaryngeal 
operation on this patient. Ibid, 230 By previously re- 
moving a portion *endolaryngeally. 1 Globe 29 Apr., 
Dr. Hand-Smith’s *Endoliths at Piccadilly Hall. 1886 
Pall Mall G. 12 Dec. 8/2 Dr, Hand-Smit lent a splendid 
endolith of Lord Beaconsfield and various *endolithic 
marbles. 1836-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. II. 5309/1 The *endo- 
lymph is in birds as limpid as in the Mammifera. 1 

Foster Phys. m1. iii. § 1. 449 Waves of sound can and do 
reach the endolymph of the labyrinth by direct conduction 
through the skull. 1859 Topp Cyc7. Anat. V. 702/2 *Endo- 
metrial inflammations have been distinguished .. as croupy 
.. catarrhal, and the like. 1872 F. Tomas Dis. Wom. 117 
Senile *endometritis. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 592 


ENDOCARDITIS. 


Puerperal endometritis, 1878 BArtiey tr. Topinard’s An- 
throp. Mi. iii. of We shall only mention two of them. .*endo- 
nay and endoscopy. 1882 Gemir Zext-0h. Geol. 1. U1. 
§ 2. 61 A mineral which encloses another has been called a 
Perimorph ; one enclosed within another an *Endomorph. 
1884 P. Geppes in Eucy. Brit, XVIII. 261 *Endoparasites 
he [Leuckart] divides according to, etc. 1883 Athenzeum 
24 Mar, 381/3 Simondsia is a genus of *endoparasitic 
nematodes. 1874 Jones & Sirv. Pathol. Anat, 400 *En- 
dophlebitis is hardly seen in an acute form. 1877 Hux- 
LEY Anat. Inv. An. vi. 333 A complex mass of fibres, 
which is attached in part to the *endophragms of the 
thorax in front. /éd¢. 361 A strong apodeme .. passing 
inwards and forwards meets with its fellow, to form an 
*endophragmal arch, which supports the cesophagus and 
stomach. 1835 LinpLey /uztvod. Bot. (1848) I. 65 Du- 
mortier adds to these names *endophyllous .. because the 
young leaves of monocotyledons are evolved from within 
a sheath. /ézd. I. 21 A division. .separates, in trees, the bark 
from the internal part, or “endophyte as he [Count de Tristan] 
terms it. 1854 J. Hocc Microscope u. i. (1867)293 Endophytes 
. originate from germs which penetrate healthy plants 
and develop a mycelium. 1883 J. E. Avy in Anowledge 
15 June 355/2 Its[Ameeba’s] jelly-like body becomes faintly 
parceled out into an outer firm (ectoplasm) and an inner 
soft (*endoplasm) layer. 1859 Topp Cycl. Anat. V. 475/1 
On the outer side of the line lie the close-set *endoplasts of 
the deepest layer of the epidermis. 1877 Huxtey Avat. 
Inv. An. i. 47 The endoplast may take on more and more 
definitely the characters of a reproductive organ. /d¢d. ii, 
95, Magosphezra is thus very nearly an *endoplastic repe- 
tition of the moneran Protomonas. /é/d. 96 Nor do any 
of them exhibit a structure analogous to the *endoplastule 
of the Ciliata. 1842 Gray Struct. Bot. viii. (1880) 306 The 
inner coat, called .. *Endopleura .. is always conformed to 
the nucleus. 1870 BentLey Bof. 331 The endopleura is gen- 
erally ofa soft and delicate nature. 1877 Huxtey Axat. [uz. 
An, vi. 310 The “endopleurite, likewise, divides into three 
apophyses. 1870 Rotteston Axim. Lifeg4 Two multiarticu- 
late filaments representing an ‘ exopodite’ and an *‘endopo- 
dite’, 1877 HuxLey Anat. Juv. An. vi. 281 To this end the 
joints of the endopodite are greatly expanded, and converted 
into a hemispherical bowl. 1869 NicHoLson Zoology 43 
The *endosarc contains the only organs possessed by the 
animal. 1877 Huxtey Anat. (uv. An. xil. 659 The line of 
separation between the endosare and the ectosarc. 1861 
B EAD Ven, Dis. (1879) 87 In learning the use of the 
*Endoscope..commence with the simplest instruments. 1872 
Tuomas Dis, Wom. 93 If the cervix be dilated, the endo- 
scope may be at once introduced. 186r Bumsteap len, 
Dis. (1879) An “endoscopic examination is attempted. 
Jbid. 87 Writers on *endoscopy. 1883 Hotmrs Szrgery (ed. 
3) III. 214 Endoscopy is of very little value in stricture. 
1883 Athenxum 30 June 833/1 The muscular and *endo- 
skeletal systems of Limulus and Scorpio. 1839-47 ‘Vopp 
Cycl. Anat. III. 846/2 The .. skeleton and *endoskeleton 
.. become appendages one of the other. 1872 NicHoLson 
Palzont, 30 Some of the fishes. .possess no ‘ endoskeleton ’, 
1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv. An. i. 53 Old Echinoderms have 
a calcareous endoskeleton. c18g0 Nat. Excyc?. 1.388 It is 
also named *endosperm. 1875 Darwin Jnsectiv. Pl. xv. 302 
The endosperm is not actually united with .. the embryo. 
1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 227 A special mass of tissue, the so- 
called Endosperm. 1875 Cooke Fungi 23 The covering of 
the spore is double consisting of an exospore and an 
“endospore. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 277 Anexternal rough 
dark-brown exospore and an inner endospore. 1878 T. 
Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 537 The *endosteal membrane... 
lines the bone. 1870 RoLLeston Axim. Life 39 This 
merely *endosteally ossified bone. 1877 Huxtry Azat. 
Inv. An, vi. 309 Each *endosternite is distinguishable into 
three apophyses._ 18.. Carpenter Physiol. (1881) 48 [The 
shaft of a bone] is lined by a .. delicate layer of the same 
tissue, to which the term ‘*endosteum’ is applied. 1877 
Houx.ey Anat. Jnv. An. vi. 341 And the plate [in Astacus] 
which stretches backwards and supports the labrum, within 
its posterior forked boundary, is the *endostoma. 1835 Linp- 
LEY /xtrod, Bot. (1848) I. 21 In the language of Mirbel, exo- 
stome in the outer integument, and “endostome in the inner 
integument. 1842 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 8 (1880) 277 When 
the ovule has two coats, the foramen of the outer one is 
called Exostome, of the innerEndostome ; literally the outer 
and the inner orifice. 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life 38 Ossi- 
fied both by ectostosis and *Endostosis. 1854 Woopwarp 
Mollusca (1856) 345 In Salpa. .the dorsal sinus contains the 
long tubular filament called the *endostyle. 1877 HuxLry 
Anat. Inv. An. x. 597 On each side of the endostyle the 
posterior part of the hemal wall of the pharynx presents 
two oval apertures. /did. 612 The *endostylic cone elon- 
gates. 1833 Athenxum 10 Feb. 188/3 Edwards and Haime 
described. .the absence of *endothecal dissepiments. 1876 
tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 150 The lymphatic capillaries 
have an “endothelial covering. 1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. 
(1880) 225 The tubercles present the typical *endothelioid 
and giant-celled structure. 1872 PEAsLEE Ovar. Tumours 
5 The *endothelium of blood-vessels. 1876 tr. Wagner's 
Gen. Pathol. 227 Their endothelia are more easily sepa- 
rated. 188 Mrivart Cat 189 The layer of epithelium thus 
lining a serous cavity is called endothelium. 
Endocardial (endoka-1dial), a. Phys. [f. Gr. 
év5o-v (see ENDO-) + xapdia heart + -AL.] 
a. That is within the heart. b. Relating to 


the endocardium. : 

1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 139/1 Induration-matter .. 
appears on the endocardial and valvular surfaces. 1861 T. 
Granam Pract. Med. 329 Endocardial inflammation 1877 
Roserts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) U1. 7 Abnormal sounds ori- 
ginating within the heart, named endocardial murmurs. 

Endocarditis (e:ndo,kardai-tis). A/ed. [f. En- 
DOCARDI-UM +-ITIS.] Inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the heart. Hence Endocarditic 
(-ditik) @., of or pertaining to endocarditis. 

1836-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. Il. 646/2 Chronic endocarditis 
affects the valves of the heart. 1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. 
(1880) 335 Simultaneous involvement of the mitral valve 
in the endocarditic process. 1882 Pop. Sc. Monthly XX. 
712 Trivial injuries to the mitral-valve curtains by endo- 
carditis. ey 


ENDOCARDIUM. 


|| Endocardium (endoka-1didm). Phys. [mod. 
L., f. Gr. éB0-v (see Enpo-) + xapbi-a heart.] 
The smooth membrane lining the cavities of the 
heart. 

1872 Huxtey PAys. ii. 36 There is an internal .. lini 
called the endocardium. 1877 Roserts Handbk. Med. 
(ed. 3) IL. 36 It oe that the endocardium is seen 
in the early period of i mation. 

Bnioonrp (endokarp). Bot. [f. as prec. + 
Gr. xapn-és fruit.] The inner layer of a ange 
which lines the cavity containing the seeds. It 
is fleshy, as in the orange ; membranous, as in the 
apple; or hard, as in the peach. 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 132, t 

1 capsules. .the endocarp separating entirely from the 
ocarp. 1835— /xtrod. Bot. (1848) 11. 3 In the peach. .the 
stone [is] the endocarp or putamen. 1883 Evang. ~ a 
Oct. 460 The stone in the centre is..not the seed. . but the 
*endocarp’ become stony by thickening and hardening of 
its cells. 

Endoce, variant of Enposs v., Obs. 

Endochorion, -chrome, -crane: see EnDo-. 

+Endo‘ctrine, v. Ols. rare. [ad. OF. en- 
doctriner: see EN-! and Doctrine sb.) trans. 
To train, instruct ; = INDOCTRINATE. 

c1goo Metusine (1889) 258 This lady had..a sone.. 
whiche was fayre and wel endoctryned. /did. 186 To en- 
doctrine them, & shew to tham the way ad overnance, 
1633 Donne //ist. Sept. 2(T.) Ptolomeus Philadelphus was 
endoctrined, in the science of good letters, by Strabo. 

Endocyst: see Enpo-. 

Endoderm (e‘ndodiim). [f. Gr. év5o-y (see 
Enpo-) + 5€py-a skin.] 

1. Bot. a. A layer of large cambium cells lying 
beneath the liber. b. The inner layer of the wall 
of a vegetable cell. 

1835 Linney /ntrod. Bot. (1848) I. 193 The cellular face 
of the liber..A. Richard distinguishes by the name of sub- 
liberian layer, or Endoderm, 

2. Biol. a. The inner layer of the blastoderm, 
b. The lining of the internal cavity of the Caven- 
terala. 

1861 J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Celent. 21 The 
endoderm, whose free surface forms the lining of the large 
internal cavity. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 11. xix. § 152 
(1875) 417 The..blastoderm..divides into two layers..the 
ectoderm and the endoderm, 1877 Huxtey Anat. Juv. An. 
iii. 113 The endoderm .. is composed of a layer of very dis- 
tinct cells. : 

Hence Endode‘'rmal, Endode‘rmic, ad/s., per- 
taining to or of the nature of an endoderm; 
Endode‘rmis [on the analogy of epidermis], Bot. 

1877 Huxcey Anat. Inv. An. i. 57 The endodermal lining 
of the enteroceele. /é7d. iii. 114 The flagella of the endo- 
dermic cells. 1884 Bower & Scotr De Bary's Phaner. 
& Ferns 121 The endodermis is a sheath consisting in all 
cases of one single layer of cells. 

Endogamous (endg‘gimas), a. [f. Gr. &vdo-v 
(see ENDO-) + yay-os marriage + -ouS.] Character- 
ized by, of the nature of, or pertaining to, endo- 


Fruit consisting of 


Sare 


amy. 

1865 Mc Lennan Prim. Marriage iii. 48 Tribes which we 
shall call endogamoustribes. 1875 Lussock Orig. Civiliz. 
iii. 115 Tribes which have marriage by capture and yet are 
endogamous. 1880 Academy 10 July 26 The opinion of the 
ancient Arabs—that the children of endogamous marriages 
are weakly and lean. : 

Endogamy (endggimi). [f as prec. on the 
analogy of folygamy.] The custom of marrying 
only within the limits of a clan or tribe. Hence 
Endoga-mic a. [see -Ic], pertaining to endogamy. 

1865 Mc Lennan Prim. Marriage 48 note, The words 
endogamy and exogamy are new. 1875 Lussock Orig. 
Civiliz. ili. 95 Some tribes branched off into endogamy, 
others into exogamy. 1873 Contemp. Rev. XXII. 423 The 
transition. .from the exogamic to the endogamic system. 

Endogen (endodzén). Bot. [Fr. endogene (De 
Candolle 1813) f. Gr. év50-v (see ENDo-) + ~yevts 
born, produced. (A Gr. évdoyerqs is found with 
sense ‘born in the house’).]_ A plant in which 
new wood is developed in the interior of the stem, 
which is not differentiated into wood and bark; 
opposed to Exocen. Also fig. 

ence Endogene‘ity [badly formed after homo- 
geneity), the fact of being EnDocENous. 

1 RAY Struct. Bot. iii. § 3 (1880) 70 Endogenous, or 
inside growing, and for such plants the name of Endogen- 
ous Plants, or Endogens. 1867 J. Martineau £ss. II. 167 
Man is still definable as a mere intellectual endogen. 1872 
H. MacmiLtan True Vine iii. 76 The peculiarity of the en- 
dogen is to be simple and unbranched in all its parts. _ 18: 
Linptey /utrod, Bot, (1848) 1. 234 What is called Endo- 


geneity. 
Endogenous (endp'dzinas), a. [f. prec. + 
-ous.] a. Growing from wi b. Path, (see 


quot. 1883). ¢. OF or pertaining to an EnpocEn, 

Hence Endo'genously adv., in an endogenous 
manner. 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot, Introd. 20 Palms, which 
are endogenous in the strictest sense of the word. 1 
Emerson Eng, Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. 100 No 
chemist has prospered in the attempt to crystallize a reli- 
gion. It is am like the skin, uspock Wild 
Flowers iii. 48 Endogenous plants .. are those in which the 
bud is developed from a sheath-like cavity on one side of 


the cotyledon. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 250 Oser 


162 


also holds to the endogenous formation of cells. did. 
dog ly Pp puscle is born in the conjunc- 
tiva of the rabbit like a young trout. 1883 Fortn. Rev. 


ae endogenous contagion is one that passes 
Lane anal she he til we the eoel 
-lith: see Enpo-, 
( las), v. rare. [a. Fr. endo- 
Jorir: see EN-1 and Dotour.] ‘rans. To plunge 


in . 

ae Rasahilaide Arabic 11. 101 A heart endolored. 

Batsiyenph, endometrial, etc.: see Enpo-. 

+Endore, v. Ods. Also 4 endorre, 5-6 en- 
dour. [a. OF, endore-r to Cages 5 To cover with 
a yellow glaze of yolk of egg, saffron, etc. 

Hence Endo‘red £/. a., Endo'ring vé/. sb., 
concr. a glaze of yolk of egg, etc. 

21390 — of Cury (x yeh ™ yt oF Reothe ond 
rost yt and endorre yt wyt sof eyryn. ?a@ ‘orte 
pr ig 199 Ffesauntez prs rd: = 9 in flammande oe With 
darielles endordide, daynteez ynewe. ¢1420 Anturs 
of Arth, xxxvi, Ryche daintes en-doret, in dysshes bi-dene. 
¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 37 Endore hit wit 30lkes of 
egges then. c14q4s0 15th C. Coley Bks. 98 Endore the 
co withoute with saffron & almond mylke. cr 
Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier 1882) 66 When the endoringe is 
stiff let them rost no more. c 1460 Towneley Myst. go Here 
is to recorde the leg of a goys, With chekyns endorde, 


pork, partryk, toro’ 1513 Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 
278 Chekyns or en sete pygyons. 


dored, obs. var. of ADORED, Af/. a. 
Endor(r)hiz, -al, -ous: see Enpo-. 
Endorsable (endj-1sib’1), a. Also 8-9 indors- 

able, en-, indorsible. [f. ENDORSE v. +-ABLE.] 
That may or can be endorsed. 

1704 Act 3 & 4 Anne c. 8 § 1 Every such note .. shall be 
assignable or indorsible. 1 BiacksTone Comm. II. 
These also..are made assignable and indorsable in like 
manner. 1809 R. LanGrorp /ntrod. Trade 12 A Promis- 
sory Note..is endorsible from one person to another. /éid. 
20 The latter act. .renders them indorsable. 

Endorsation, var. InporsATION, endorsement. 

Endorse, (end§‘1s), s+. Also 6 endorce, 
7 endors. [app.f. ENDORSE v. ; but the reason for 
the name in sense 1 is obscure.] 

1, Her. A vertical division of a shield, one-eighth 
(others say one fourth) of the breadth of a Pate. 
According to some of the early writers, so called 
only when a pale is between two of them; but 
others deny this. 

1572 BossEwELL A rmorie 12 An Endorce .. is the fourth 

arte of the Pallet. 1661 Morcan SPA. Gentry u. iii. 33 

‘he Pale. .is divided again into the pallet, which is half the 
pale, and the Endors which is half the pallet. pa Brap- 
Ley Fam. Dict., Endorse..the eighth Part ofa Pale. 1864 
Boutett Heraldry, Hist. §& Pop. v. 23 A Pale between 
two Endorses is said to be endorsed. 

+2. ? The reverse of a coin, Obs. rare—'. 

1688 R. Home Armoury ut. 32/1 A Doller of Saxony 
.. [had] on the Endorse two Mens Heads. 

Endorse, indorse (en-, indj:1s), v. Forms: 
a. 6 endorce, 7— endorse. 8. 7 indorce, 6- 
indorse. [Altered form of ME. endosse (see EN- 
Doss), assimilated to the equivalent med.L. zn- 
dorsare f. in upon + dorsum back, which was used 
in law-books in sense 1; cf. the OF. gloss ¢ in- 
dorso, endorseir’ cited by Godef. 

The form endorse is more frequent in commercial and 
general literary use, but zzdorse is more usual in law-books.] 

I. To write on the back of something. 

1. trans. To write on the back of (a document) ; 
to inscribe (words) ov (the back of) a document. 
a. In general sense: ¢.g. to inscribe (a document) 
on the back wzth words indicating the nature of 
its contents, one’s opinion of its value, some ex- 
tension or limitation of its provisions, etc. b. 
Comm. To sign one’s name on the back of (a bill, 
promissory note, or cheque). ¢. Zo endorse (a 
sum of money) of: to write on the back of a bill, 
etc. a receipt for a portion of its amount. 

A bill, cheque, etc. payable ‘to order’ must be ‘ endorsed’ 
by the payee before it can be paid. If endorsed in blank 
(i. e. without the addition of words making it payable to 
a particular person), it becomes payable ‘to bearer’. Such 
documents may also be ‘ endorsed " by a subsequent holder, 
who thereby becomes a for their being paid ( 
the fg. sense 2). Simil ly, a bank note is often ‘endorsed’ 
to show that it has p hrough the end *s hands. 

¢- ape See Enposs.] 1581 Lamparpe Ziren. 1. 
vii ag 518 
side of it. 


e..should endorce his name upon the back- 
1601-2 Futpecke and Pt. Paraill. 60 An obliga- 
tion endorsed with this condition. 1686 Lond. Gas. No, 


who endorsed and returned them. 1838 Murray's Handbk. 
N. Germ, Introd. 17 The traveller will naturally. . not endorse 
them till he receives the menex 1865 Morning Star 28 
Jan., He would not now give the defendant the option of 
ying a fine, but would commit him for a month, and en- 
Sree that upon his licence. 1868 Rocrrs Pod. Econ. ii. (1876) 
= The bill may be subsequently endorsed by a firm of high 
character, 
1547 Act 1 Edw. VI, c. 5 § 5 The said Wardens shall 
B Se 4 Number of the said Horses, .to be indorsed. .on 
the Back-side of the said Licence. 1592 West Symbol. 
A iij, With & vpon condition thereupon indorsed for the true 


from the Old Gentleman.’ ¥ 
ii, My friend Brush has i it, and I thought .. twas 
1822 Scotr Nige/ x, Pointing out .. the 
royal warrant indorsed thereon. 

d. To make (a bill, note, cheque) payable /o 
another person by endorsement. Also, 70 endorse 
over: to make over one’s rights in (a bill, etc.) fo 


another person ; 


al: : 
1866 Crump ZB thi 50 Iie. 


22 On end 


ing a bill or note to 
1873 Burton 
not have the king 
or anybody else the reverence 
due to himself. 


tle, ays so your 
to myself a 
horse.] 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Mi igne Wks, (Bohn) I. 
344 This of Montaigne the world endorsed, b 
translating it into all tongues. 186r Stannopr Pitt I. 
xxii. 404 Such were the statements of Mr. Fox, but is there 
at a ey day even one man willing to endorse them? 
1874 Morzey C ise (1886) 67 Superstition does a 
little good by acci lly endorsing i Lusi 
1n_one or two matters. 

1862 Bricut SP. America 18 Dec., The majority were 
supposed to indorse the policy. 1880 CARPENTER in 19fh 


-_ No. 38. 599 This conclusion I unhesitatingly . 
+b. To characterize, describe, entitle. 


oO 
(Cf. 
ticket, label.) Obs. rare. 

1596 Nasue Saffron Walden 161 He endorseth him the 
puling Preacher of Pax vobis & humilitie. c 1645 HowELL 
Lett, wv. i, (R.) This perchance may be your policy, to 
endorse me your brothir. 

II. To put something on the back. (Merely 
literary, and chiefly humorous or pedantic.) 

3. a. To load the back of (an animal) *ith. 
b. To take (something) upon one’s back. e¢. To 
pile (something) «on. 

beg Mitton P. 2. 111. 329 Elephants indorsed with towers. 
1808 J. Bartow Columb. vi. 304 The freemen. . Endorse their 
knapsacks, 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII. 111 The heads of 
camels ‘ endorsed’ with human beings. 1839 De Quincey 
Recoll. Lakes Wks. 1862 I. vd Nightcaps, surmounted by 
handkerchiefs indorsed upon kerchiefs, 

4. To sit or ride on the back of (ahorse). monce- 
use (with pun on 2). 

@ 1637 [see 2]. a1845 Hoop 70 Bad Rider i, Why, Mr. 
Rider, why Your nag so ill indorse, man? — Desert-RBorn, 
I cannot ride—there’s something in a horse That I can al- 
ways honour, but I never could endorse. 

+b. To mount upon. Oés. rare—', 

1594 Carew J asso (1881) 63 The Painim troupe this while 
seekes to endorce, Defeated, flying, chac’d, the Citie wall. 

III. 5. Her, In pa. pple. endorsed. 

@. = ADDORSED; ‘ borne or set back to back’ 
(Porny). b. Of a pale: Placed between two 
endorses. ¢@. Of wings: Thrown backwards, 

. o1goo Sc. Poem Heraldry 131 ibid, 98 The ix regardand 
ins The x endorsit. 1572 ome b phbedy n. 42 Dors 
an Dors i.e. Backe to Backe or Endorsed. 1611 Srrep 
Hist. Gt. Brit.v. iii. 14 His armes to be Gules, charged with 
two lyons rampant endorsed Ore. 1727 Brapiey Fam. Dict. 


it, win, [see Enporse sé. ]. 
*B. a6r3 re gy 9 et 3 or, set backe to backe ; 
a tearme of Blason. 1761 Brit. Mag. II. 581 Crest. On 


a wreath, a gryphon’s head couped.. wings indorsed. 
Endorsee, indorsee (e:n-, i:ndgasi*). [f. En- 
DORSE Y, +-EE.] One in whose favour a note or 


bill is endorsed, or to whom it is assigned. by 
endorsement. 
1767 fave Ewporser). sees Saat Eee (1812) 38 7] 
t in dispute was, whether t forgery was contri 
wn ths Gener Psy d or., the R. 
Lancrorp /ntrod. Trade 22 They become answerable to 
their indorsee. 


Endorsement, indorsement (en-, indj1s- 
mént). [f. ENporSsE v.+-MENT.] The action of 
endorsing. ; 

1. The action of endorsing (a document) ; concer. 
a signature, memorandum, or remark endorsed 
upon a document. See ENDORSE z. I. 

1547 Act 1 Edw. VI, c. 5 § 5 The same Endorsement to 
be signed he the 1586 Sir A. 
Pautet in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. 220 III. 12. reason as did 
appeare by an indorsement, that they bene mistaken 
and were sent to Wyndsor. 1682 ScarLetr Ge 
By his Endorsement he made it his own Bill. 1767 
stone Comm. II. 468 The payee .. may by indorsement, or 
writing his name zx dorso or on the back of it, 
his whole to the bearer. 1783 Burke Rep. Com- 


ment, or whether in fact he has made it at all, are matters 


known only to himself, Mut Pol. Econ. 11. 46 Mar 
bills... are at last tear & quies covered with 
indorsements. - 1866 Crump ing 121 An indorsement 


is a conditional contract on the part n to 
the immediate or any indorsee, in case of the 
acceptor’s or maker’s default, 


ENDORSER. 


2. fig. Confirmation, ratification, approving tes- 
timony. 

1633 G. Hersert Temple, Sunday i, Th’ indorsement of 
supreme delight Writ by a friend. 1863 Drarer /xted?. 
Devel, Europe (1865) 552 It received a most emphatic en- 
dorsement from the organic world. 1879 H. Georce Progr. 
& Pov. i. i, (1881) 18 This doctrine .. bears the indorsement 
of the very highest names. ; . 

Endorser, indorser (en-, ind-1sa1). [f. En- 
DORSE v. + -ER. (In law-books sometimes in- 
dorsor: see -oR.)] One who. endorses. Jit. 
and fig. 

1682 ScarLett Exchanges 57 If an Endorser commit any 
Error in the endorsing. .then the said Endorser is obliged 
to make good the Loss. 1743 Frecpine ¥. Wild u. vii, The 
drawer was not to be found .. and consequently the money 
was now demanded of the indorser. 1767 BLacksTONE 
Comm. Il. 469 The indorsee .. may call upon either the 
drawer or the indorsor. 1777 SHERIDAN Sch. Scand. u. ii, 
In all cases of slander currency, whenever the drawer of 
the lie was not to be found, the injured parties should have 
a right to come on any of the indorsers. 1849 FREESE Comm. 
Class-bk. 35 An indorser of a bill is liable in all respects. 
1883 J. G. Butter Bible Work, Comm. Acts xi. 22 We re- 
member him .. first as Joses, and next as the endorser of 
Saul to Peter and James. 

Endosare, -scope, etc.: see ENDo-. 

+Endosse. Obs. rare—. 

1400 Vwaine §& Gaw. 1461 When that he[a ors, newly 
married] has grete endose, Than war tyme to win is lose. 

Endosmic (endg‘zmik), a. [f. Gr. évdo-v + 
wopd-s (see ENDOSMOSIS) +-I¢.] Of or pertaining 
to endosmosis. 

c 1865, J. Wywpe in Circ. Sc. I. 62/2 Gases have an as- 
tonishing tendency to mix together, by what is called 
endosmic action. 5 

Endosmodic (endgzmp dik), a. rare. [f. as 
prec., after spasmodic.) = ENDOSMIC. 

1839-47 Topp Cyct. Anat. III. 484/1 The original appear- 
ance was speedily reinduced, owing to the endosmodic 
action of the sirop. eee 

Endosmometer (endgzmg-mitas). [f. Gr. év- 
50-v + wopd-s (see ENDOSMOSIS) + -METER.] An 
instrument for exhibiting and measuring the phe- 
nomena of endosmosis. 

1836-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. I]. 98/2 An apparatus to which 
I gave the name of endosmometer. 1858 LarpNer Hand-bk, 

‘at. Phil., Hydrost. 77 Endosmometer.—Dutrochet con- 
trived an instrument to which he gave this name. 

Endosmose (endgzméus). Phys. [a. Fr. 
endosmose, formed by Dutrochet as if ad. mod.L. 
endosmosis: see next. Cf. ExosmMosE, OsMoseE.] 
=next. Hence Endosmorsic a., of or pertaining 
to endosmose. 

1829 Edin. Rev. L. 159 Endosmose, or impulsion inward. 

1855 H. Srencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. vi. xi. 139 Solu- 
bility in the saliva, without which its particles cannot be 
carried by endosmose through the mucous membrane of the 
tongue. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 423 The vesicle. .swells up 
i, in water by endosmose, as is shown in Fig. 293. 
1835 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 41/2 These filamentary organs .. 
were endowed with an endosmosic power. 
- Endosmosis (endgzmou'sis). Physics and Phys. 
[mod.L. (quasi-Gr.), f. Gr. évdo-v (see ENDo-) + 
@opés pushing, thrusting. = Enposmosr. (The 
two forms appear to be equally frequent in use ; 
endosmosis is more in accordance with Eng. analo- 
gies.)] The passage of a fluid ‘inwards’ through 
a porous septum, to mix with another fluid on the 
inside of it. 

1836-9 Topp Cyc, Anat. II. 99 All alkalies and soluble 
salts produce endosmosis. 1844-57 G. Birp Urin. Deposits 
(ed. 5) 428 The well-known phenomena described by Du- 
trochet, under the terms of endosmosis and exosmosis. 1880 

. W. Lee Bile 55 The appearance of sugar in the bile 
is due to endosmosis from the liver itself. 

Endosmotic (endgzmp'tik). [fas prec. on Gr. 
analogies; cf. anastomosis, anastomotic.) Of or 
pertaining to endosmosis. 

1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II. 108/1 Two opposite endosmo- 
tic currents. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 537 Albumen 
possesses endosmotic properties, 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 
673 The endosmotic force of grape-sugar. 

Yindosperm, -spore, etc.: see ENDo-. 

+Endo’ss, v. Ods. Forms: 4-7 endosse (fa. 
pile. 4 endost, 5 endoost, indoost, indost), 5 
endos, 6 endoce, 9 (vave) endoss. [ME. endosse, 
a. OF. endosse-r corresp. to med.L. zxdorsdre EN- 
Dorsg, f. 7 upon + dorsum (Fr. dos) back]. 

1. trans. To write on the back of (a document) ; 
to inscribe (words) ov (the back of) a document ; 
= ENDORSE, v. I. 

1381 Pol. Poems (859) I. 225 Charters were endost. 

Lyne. Ord. Fools 8 in Q. Eliz. Academy 79 En- 
dosyd theyre patente that they shall neuer the. xg02 Ar- 
NoLDE Chron. (1811) 119 Wee award y* ether of theym 
by his obligacion be bounde to other x. li. stg. wyth 
condycion, endoced. 1613 R. C. Zable Adph, (ed. 3) Ln- 
dosse, put on the back, or write on y® back. 

2. In extended sense: To inscribe or portray 
(something) upon any surface. Oés. 


1447 BoxenuaM Seyntys 145 Mynerve .. Wyth al hir wyt 
ne coude provide More goodly aray Thow she dede endos 


Wyth ynne oo web al methamophosyos. 1595 SPENSER Co/. 
Clout 634 Her name in euery tree I wi losse. 
— F.Q. v. xi. 53 A shield in which he did endosse His deare 


Redeemers badge vpon the bosse. 


163 


3. a. To put (clothing) on one’s back. b. ?To 
clothe with armour. 

c1460 Towneley Myst. 166 Both ye and I Agains the fynde 
are welle endoost. 1805 W. TayLor Monthly Mag. XIX. 
574 He endosses the black robe. 

4. To load the back; in aeut transf. 

¢1460 Towneley Myst. 201 For his great boost With knoks 
he is indoost. /éid. 254 With tormentes keyn bese he in- 
dost For ever more. 

Endosteal, etc. : see Enpo-, 

+ Endorte, v. Ods. rare—1. [f. En-1+F. doter, 
ad. L. détare, f. dot-em dowry.] = EnpDow vz. 2. 

1528 TinvaLe Obed. Chr. Man Wks. 1. 249 Their own 
heirs do men disinherit, to endote them [the friars]. 

Endothecal, -thelial, etc.: see Enbo-. 

Endoubt: see En- pref) 2. 

Endow (endaw’), v. Also 7-8 indow. [f. Ey- 
pref.+¥. douer :—L. dotare, f. dot-em dowry. In 
legal AF, (15th c.) enxdouer.] 

1. trans. +a. To give a dowry to (a woman) 
(ods.). b. To provide dower for (a widow). 
Formerly Const. of. 

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 10 § 7 Suche woman shalbe 
endowed of as muche of the residue of her husbandes tene- 
mentes. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 8b, The wife .. shall 
bee endowed of the thirde parte of such landes. 1607 SHAKs. 
Timon 1. i. 1339 Howshall she be endowed, If she be mated 
with an equall Husband? 1635 Austin MJedit. 106 Lest 
hee should be thought unable to endowe his Spouse. 1767 
BiackstonE Comm. II. 131 An alien also cannot be en- 
dowed, unless she be queen consort. 1818 Cruise Digest 
(ed, 2) I. 180 If the wife be past the age of nine years, at the 
time of her husband’s death, she shall be endowed. 

+e. To give as a dowry. fig. Obs. rare}. 

1475 Caxton Fasox 4 [Death] the dowaire that nature 
hath endowed to me. 

2. To enrich with property ; to provide (by be- 
quest or gift) a permanent income for (a person, 
society, or institution). 

c1460 Fortescur Ads. §& Lim. Mon. (1714) 69 How that 
the Crown may be best endowed. 1480 Caxton Chron. 
Eng. vu. (1520) 150b/2 Whiche preest is sufficyently en- 
dowed for hym and a servaunt. 1569 Bk. Com. Prayer, 
Matrimony, With al my worldly Goodes I thee endowe. 
1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 10 § 1 Ecclesiastical Persons .. being 
endowed and possessed of ancient Palaces .. and other 
Edifices. 1580 Stow Axnales 559 He indowed them with 
rents and reuenues taken from the priories .. which hee 
suppressed. 1638 Pexit. Conf. vii. (1657) 136 Let an Hos- 
pital be once erected, and endowed. 1772 Burke Sf. Ch. 
Claims Bill 17 Feb. Wks. X. 146 Not that the Church of 
England is incompetently endowed. 1856 Emerson /ng. 
Traits, Cockayne Wks. (Bohn) II. 64 A testator endows a 
dog or a rookery, and Europe cannot interfere with his 
absurdity. 1857 Toutm. SmituH Parish 15 The piety of the 
wealthy led them to build and endow these [churches]. 

3. fig. a. To invest with (privileges, etc.). 

1601 Hotianp Pliny 1.75 All Achaza generally through- 
out, Domitius Nero endowed with freedom. 1661 BRAMHALL 
Fust Vind. vi. 126 Justinian did new-found the Patriarch- 
ate .. and indow it with ample priviledges. 

b. To enrich or furnish w7th (+ iz, + of) any 
‘gift’, quality, or power of mind or body. 

@ 1420 OccLevE De Reg. Princ. 143 Hym ought endowed 
be in sapience. 1425 Pastox Lett. 5. I. 21 Ye are.. of 
worshepe and cunnyng worthyly endowed. 1475 Caxton 
Fason 34b, Thinking on the vertues wher in he was en- 
dowed they complayned him moche. 1526 Pilgr. Perf: 
(W. de W. 1531) 169 b, He hath endowed vs christians. . 
with the spiryte of adopcyon. 1661 BramuHate Fust Vind. 
v, Our Saviour endowed them with all the fulness of power 
that mortal men were capable of. 1743 J. Morris Serve. 
ii. 34 They .. who were indowed with any extraordinary 
gifts. 1856 Emerson Zug. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 
114 Tennyson is endowed precisely in points where Words- 
worth wanted. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 212 Inor- 
ganic matter becomes first endowed with life and organisation 
during the growth of plants. 1872 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 
142 Considered as statuesque figures endowed with speech, 
Brutus, Cesar, and the rest are noble and impressive. 

ce. To invest (imaginatively) w7th a quality. 

1888 Miss Yonce Hannah More 62 The ladies not onl 
believed in her wonderful genius, but endowed her with all 
imaginable virtues. i ' 

+d. Said of the qualities with which one is ‘ en- 
dowed’. Cf. ENDUE v. 9 b. Obs. 

161r SHAks. Cymd. 1. i. 24 I do not thinke So faire an 
Outward, and such stuffe within Endowes a man, but hee. 

+4. ? Confused with Enpuz. To put on (gar- 
ments). 

1483 Caxton G. de la Tour C ij, The deuylle .. dyde her 
endowe her gownes. 

+ Endow'age. Os. rare—'. In 6 endowege. 
[f Expow v.+-AGE.] = EnpowMeEnt. 

1530 Proper Dialogue xte5) 34 _Y® people to swere for to 
maynteyne this endowege of y® clerkes and religious folke. 

Endowed (endau'd), 4A/. a. [f. Enpow v.] 
In senses of the vb. Chiefly of societies or in- 
stitutions: Possessing a secured income from 


roperty bequeathed or given. 
oe Dr. WALLIS in Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 324 They 
are schools endowed ; with exhibitions .. for the education 
of youth. 1846 Me Cuttocn Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 11. 
315 The names, free school, endowed school, grammar 
school, etc., are often used with some degree of confusion. 
1870 Echo 9 Nov., There are the endowed charities which 
derive a steady annual income from invested property. 

“ib. Used ¢vansf. of the secured income. rare. 

1845 R. Hamitton Pop. Educ. viii. 191 The endowed sti- 

pend would not yield the master the most meagre support. 


ENDUE. 


Endower (endau’az), sd. [f. Enpow v. + -ER.] 
One who endows. 

1624 Darciz Birth of Heresies xviii. 
storers, Endowers, and augmenters of the 
1765-9 Biackstone Comm. (2793), 604 The right of visita- 
tionof the former results..to the king; and of the latter to 
the patron or endower, 1885 Ch. Q. Rev. XXI. 139 If the 
State regarded itself as the endower of the Church. 

+ Endow’er, v. Obs. [ad. OF. endouairer, f. 
en- (see En-1) + dowatre DowER.] trans. To 
dower (a woman) ; also fig. 

1606 G. W[oopcockE] Hist. /ustine Ff 4 a, He maried to 
a most honorable man the daughter of his enemy Vitellius, 
being most largely endowred. 1653 Waternouse Afol. 
Learning 142 (T.) This once renowned church was gloriously 
deckt with the jewels of her espousals..and frankly en- 
dowered. 1654 R. Coprincton Hist. Justine 15 The wife 
being endowred with the blood of her husband, delivered 
- ,herself to her adulterer. — 

Endowing (endaw‘in) vé/. sd. [f. Enpow v.+ 
-InG!.] The action of the vb. Enpow. 

¢ 1460 Fortescur Abs. § Lim. Mon. xix.(1714)139 How grete 
Goode wyll growe of the forme endowyng of the Crowne. 
1631 Werver Anc, Fux. Mon. 199 In building and endow- 
ing of an Hospitall. 1740 J. CLarKke Educ. Youth (ed. 3) 189 
The Building and endowing of Colleges. 1867 Pearson 
Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 1. 167 This endowing of the first 
adventurers. 

Endowment (endaumént). Also 6-8 in- 
dow(e)ment. [f. ENDow v. +-MENT.] 

1. The action of endowing, in various senses. 

c1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 78 We have 
found undoubtydly what maner of Revenuz, is beste for the 
Endowment of the Crowne. 1494 Fasyan, iv. lxix. 47 Of 
this firste Indowement of the Churche. 1641 Termes de la 
Ley 135 Indowment. .signifies properly the giving orassuring 
of dower toa woman. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bh. v. § 315. 139 
Possession of the freehold by the endowment is vested in, 
etc. 1852 Lever Daltons II. 259 You are anxious about 
the endowment of the Ursulines, and so am I. a 

2. concr. The property or fund with which a 
society, institution, etc. is endowed. 

1597 Hooker £cc?, Pol. v. xxix. (1611) 429 The goods of 
the Church are the sacred indowments of God. 1649 Br. 
Reynotps Hosea i, 39 O therefore that every Parish had 
anendowment fit for a learned, laborious, and worthy 
Pastor. 1757 Burke Adbridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 411 
Alms, and endowments, the usual fruits of a late penitence. 
1845 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. II. 501 The estates of 
benefices..were applied to increasing the endowments of 
parish churches and schools. 1870 Daily News 16 Feb., 
The sacrifice of the endowments of the Irish Church. 

+3. a. Commercial advantage, profit. b. Pro- 
perty, possessions. Ods. rare. 

1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 12 The Lentiske tree, which is 
wel-nigh onely proper to Sio doth giue it the greatest re- 
nowne and endowment. 1816 Scotr Old Mort. xxxiii, 
Basil Olifant, who had agreed to take the field if he were 
ensured possession of these women’s worldly endowments. 

4. A ‘gift’, power, capacity, or other advantage 
with which a person is endowed by nature or 


fortune. 

cx6r0 Sir J. Metvir Mem, (1735) 12 The King’s rare 
natural Endowments. 1611 SHaxs. Cyd. 1. iv. 6 Though 
the Catalogue of his endowments had bin tabled by his side. 
1672 DrypEN Assignation 1. i. Dram. Wks. 1725 III. 296 
A man of my extraordinary Indowments. 1710 Pripeaux 
Orig. Tithes ii. 69 No Endowments of the Mind .. were at 
all necessary. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Shaks. Wks. 
(Bohn) I, 362 With this wisdom of life is the equal endow- 
ment of imagination and of lyric power. 1859 Darwin 
Orig. Spec. xv. (1873) 428 All corporeal and mental endow- 
ments will tend to progress towards perfection. 

+Endow'ry. 0¢s. rare. [f. Enpow v., after 
Dowry.] = Dowry. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. cxvi. 139 Johane, eldest 
daughter to the duke of Brabant .. went to the lande of 

3uyche, the which was her endowrie. c1530— Arth. Lyt. 
Bryt. (1814) 26 Ye shall gyue to Perron your wyf this nyght 
y® charter of her endowry. 7 

+ Endra‘per, v.. Ods. vare—'. [app. irregu- 
larly a. OF. endraper, f. en- (see En-1)+drap 
cloth.] ¢vans. To weave into cloth. 

Hence Endra‘pering vé/. sb. 

1461-83 Pol. Poems (1859) II. 287 By the endraperyng 
theroff [of wool] they haue theyre sustynaunce. 

Endrench: see En- fref! 3. 

+Endroi't. Ods. rare. Also endrayghte, 
-eyte. [a. OF. endroit, -ait, in same sense.] 
Quality, species. 

¢ 1400 Beryn 404 The statis that were above had of the 
feyrest endreyte. 1480 Caxton Ovid’s Met, xu, xii, A yonge 
Centaure, the moste fayre creatur of his endroit. c 1488 
Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 36 The clerk of kychyn 
.. shall go see the kings servyse and deyntes of flesshe and 
fish, that it be alwey chosen of the best endrayght. 

Endrudge, endry: see En- fref.! 2. 

+Emdship. 00s. [f. Exp sé. + -surp. Cf. 
township~.) A small suburb, a hamlet. ; 

1589 R. Harvey P/. Perc. 8 All the picked yoouths straind 
out of an whole Endship. @ 1688 Bunyan Barren Fig-tree, 
They shake the whole family, the endship, the whole town, 
170r Dr For Freeh. Plea agst. Stockj. Elect. 18 They are 
not to be Nam’d among the List of the most despicable 
Endships, or Village[s] in the County. 

Enduce, obs. variant of INDUCE. 

Endue, indue (en-, indi), v. Forms: a. 
5-7 endew, 5- endue; £. 5-7, indew, (6 yndue), 
5— indue. [ad. OF. endure (also in semi-learned 
form induirve), corresp. to Pr. endurre, Cat. induir, 

1-2 


5 Authors, Re- 
issall Sacrifice. 


7 


a :. 
Orie 


ENDUE. 


It. indurre (cf. the ‘learned’ forms Sp. inducir, 
Pg. induzir, It. inducere):—L. indticére (see IN- 
pucE), f. zz into, on + diicére to lead, draw. The 
etymological senses ‘lead into’, ‘ draw into’, ‘lead 
on’, ‘draw on’, account for the Eng. senses 1-6, 
which approximately follow the senses of OF. 
enduire, induire. In senses 5-6, however, the 
word was associated with the nearly synonymous 
L. induére to put on (a garment), which it often 
renders in early translations from Latin. (Per- 
haps it would not be incorrect to say that the L. 
induére was adapted in a form coinciding with 
that of the verb ad. OF. enduztre.) Senses 7-9 are 
of mixed origin: they are partly derived from the 
fig. use of sense 6 ‘ to clothe’ (cf. zvest) ; but the 
forms endew, indew in 15th c. (sense 8) are etymo- 
logically equivalent to Enpow (cf. OF. dez 1 pers. 
pres. indic. of doér to endow). Hence in 16th: 
and t7th c. the verb enxdue had all the senses of 
Enpow in addition to those which it derived from 
OF. enduire and L. induére. In sense g the 
meanings proceeding from the three sources have 
so completely coalesced that it is often impossible 
to say which of them is the most prominent in 
a particular use of the word. 

The form exdue is now the more common in all the living 
senses, though some writers employ it and iadue indiscrim1- 
nately, while others appropriate the latter to those uses 
(esp. senses 5, 6) which suggest an etymological connexion 
with L. zaduere. The obs. sense 2, when referred to by 
mod. writers, has commonly the spelling exdez. 

I. To bring in, introduce. 

+1. To induct (a spiritual person) into a living, 
or (a secular person) into a lordship. In ME. 
const. 72 (=into). Odés. 

c 1400 Afol. Loll. 50 For bischoppis, abbots, or ober 
personis, to be putt in ber segis, or prestis to be induyd, or 
inled in Kirks. 1460 CapGrave Chron. 256 Othir dukes he 
schal endewe in the lordchippis of Itaile. 

II. [after Fr. exduzre.] 

+2. Of a hawk: In early use, app. = ‘to put 
over’, ze. to pass (the food contained in the 
‘ gorge’) into the stomach ; in later use, to digest. 
(In 5th c. only adsol.; from 16th c. also, Zo 
endue her gorge, her meat.) Wence transf. of 
other animals or of persons: To digest. Ods. 

a. c 1430 Bk. Hawkyngin Rel. Ant. 1. 296 And ye shall 
say this hawke is ful y-gorged, and hath endewedd, or i- 
put over. 1486 Bk. St. Albans A vij a, An hawke enduth 
neuer as long as hir bowellis bene full at her fedyng. 
@ 1528 SKELTON Col. Cloute 216 Your gorge not endewed 
Without a capon stewed. 1530 Patscr. 643/1, I mute, as a 
hauke dothe whan she hath endued her gorge. 1577 B. 
Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. wv. (1586) 161 b, Give them Powis] 
no newe, till you perceive..that the olde bee endewed. 
1615-33 LatHam Fadconry Gloss., Endew, is when a Hawke 
digesteth her meat, not onely putting it ouer from her gorge, 
but also cleansing her pannell. 1622 FLetTcHER Sf. Curate 
v. ii, A good stomach will endue it easilie. 1626 Donne 
Serm. Ixviii. 684 Meat..such as they are able to digest and 
endue. 1708 Morteux Radéelais v. ii, They eat and drank 
like men. .endued or digested like men. 1721 in Battey. 

. 1575 Turserv. Bk. Falconrie 327 Shee will have in- 
dewed it out of hande. 1615 Latuam Falconry (1633) 85 
If the stomacke..do not digest and indue well. 1618 — 
ond Bk. Falconry (1633) 114 Small birds..are meetest for 
that purpose, and easiest to be indued. 

+b. fig. To take in, ‘inwardly digest’. Ods. 

I Spenser /.Q. 111. x. 9 None but she it vewd, Who 
well perceived all, and all indewd. 

+3. intr. To be digested. Ods. rare. 

c1875 Perfect Bk. for kepinge Sparhawkes (1886)7 Meates 
web endew sonest and boost. § the hardest panell. 

+III. 4. To lead on; to bring up, educate, 
instruct. Obs. [See examples of exduzre in Godef. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 16 The purpose of G 
was so to endewe man that he sholde neuer thynke this worlde 
his fynall habitacyon. 1541 Paynex Catiline iii. 4 He was 
indued and brought up in conditions like Catiline. 1, 
Baret Aly. I 135 To indue, instruct, or teach, émdbuo. 
1581 J. Bet 1. ’s Answ. Osor. 323 Paule. .endued 
you at the first with a farre other manner of doctrine, : 

+b. To bring fo a certain state or condition. 
Obs. rare. 

1604 Suaks. Oth, m1. iv. “ For let our finger ake, and it 
endues Our other healthfull members, euen to a sense Of 
paine. 

IV. To put onas a garment ; to clothe or cover. 
[Influenced by L. induere.] ; 

5. To assume, take upon oneself (a different form) 
[cf. L. cnduere personam, etc.|; in later use, to put 
on (garments, etc.), Also fig. 

1432-80 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 369 A man and a woman be 
constreynede to indue an other forme. 1596 Srenser /.Q. 
ut. vi. 35 Infinite shapes of creatures there are bred .. 
Some fitt for reasonable sowles t’ indew. 1626 G. 


can endue what state of mind he pleases. 1880 Miss 
Broucuton Sec. Th. IL. ut. v. 209 Regarding. .the perfectly 
new Tweed suit which. .he has endued. 


164 
6. To clothe (a person) with. 
bogged og mrtrmy Seog Seen induede 
@ 


i the-cnate. af Jngions Dryven tr. Ovid's Met. 
Wks. 1821 XII. 147 Endu’d ancien iacnontae. 1850 
aaa Neen loved to ives with. 1866 
R. Cuamoens Zss. Ser. 1.182 His feet are raised upon the 
fender. .he is endued with slippers and gown. 

b. transf. 


ax649 Daum, or Hawrn. Fam. Ep. Wks. (1711) 136 The 
Sears 


‘onders Phys. World 11. iv. 305 This species indued in a 
thick s! fur. 
tc. fo overlay, cover. [The current sense of 
Fr. enduire.| Obs. rare. 

1644 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1. 128 The miraculous Sudarium 
indued with the picture of our Saviour’s face. 1794 Biu- 
MENBACH Mummies in Phil. Trans. UXXXIV. 187 The 
hard compact ones, wholly indued with rosin. — 

V. To ‘invest’ or endow with dignities, pos- 
sessions, qualities, etc. 

+ 7. To invest with honours, dignity, etc. Ods. 

1565 T. Ranpotrn in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 184. Il. 201 All 
dignities that she cane indue hym with, are all reddie given 
and graunted. 1513-75 Diurn. Occurr. (1833)70 The quenis 
grace..maid thir personis following es shy and indewit 
thame with the honour thairof. 

+8. To invest (a person or body of persons) wth 
property ; = Enpow v. 2. Const. of. Obs. 

c1440 Promp. Parv., Induyn, doto. c1449 Pecock Refr. 
347 Founders and Endewers of eny persounes or comoun- 
tees, if thei endewiden so ticheli ..weren not..to be 
blamed. 1494 Fasyan vu. 370 He sette therin monkes of 
Cisteaux ordre, whyte monkes, and endewed them with 
ryche possessyons. 1496-7 Plumpton Corr. 124 That it 
wyll please your sayd mastership to indue this woman in 
some lordship of yours of xx marke duryng hir lyfe. 1529 
Act 21 Hen, VII/,c.13 Noo..Parsonage that hath a Vicar 
indued, nor any Benefice perpetually appropriate. 1568 
Grarton Chron. II. 258 The same Jasses had promised 
the king .. to endue his sonne the Prince of Wales there- 
with [Flaundyrs]. 1§79 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 231 To 


_ indue his brother with Ecclesiastical reuenues. 1590 


Greene Never too Late Ciij, What substance hath Fran- 
cesco to endue thee with? 161x Biste Gen. xxx. 20 And 
Leah said, God hath endued me with a Eh sen dowry. 
end Litty Chr. Astrol. xviii. 102 A man modestly indued 
with the Goods and Fortune of this world. 

+b. To endow (an institution). Ods. 

a. 1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 The king hath of late 
erected. .a goodly sumptuous house. .and the same endewed 
with parkes, orchardes, gardein. 1 CaLFHILL Answ. 
Treat. Crosse(1846)207 Constantinus. . liberally did endue the 
church. 1601 F. Gopwin Bfs. of Eng. 232 [He] very largely 
endued..the Abbey of Eynsham. 1603 Kno.tes Hist, Turks 
(1621) 838 How to endue the same with lands and revenues 
sufficient. 

. 1462 J. Paston in Lett, 461 II. 113 Sir John Fastolf 
..mad his will in especiall that a college of vij monks shuld 
be stabilisshed, founded, and indewed. 1538 Letanp /fin. 
I. 10 St. Thomas Hospitale is .. induid with sum Landes, 
al by the Citisens of Northampton. 

tc. To mrp with anything. Ods. 

1595 SHAKs. John 1v. ii. 43 More strong [reasons] I shall 
indue you with. 1607—Cor. u. iii. 147 The Tribunes endue 
you with the Peoples Voyce. 

+d. To bestow, grant. Const. dat. of pron. ; 
cf. Enpow v. 1 c. Ods. rare. 

1587 M. Grove Pelops §& Hipp. (1878) 55 Let Clio muse to 
paint the gifts, which Ioue doth her endue. 

9. To invest wth a power or quality, a spiritual 
gift, etc. Often in pass. 70 be endued with = to 
be possessed of (a certain quality). 

Nearly synonymous with Enpow; the two verbs may 
often be used interchangeably, but in mod. use 
suggests that the power or quality is of the nature of a per- 
manent advantage. 

a. 1447 Bokennam Seyntys (1835) 13 With vertuhs ful 
excellently In hyr soule inward endewyd was she. | 1§09 
Fisuer Fun, Serm. C’tess Richmond (1708) 8 She being 
endued with so grete towardness of Nature. Bacon 
Adv. Learn. 1. iii. § 6 Learning endueth mens mindes with 
a true sence of the frailtie of their persons. 1616 Hirron 
Wks. IL. 37 Was it with what religion is the woman en- 
dewed, or with what portion is shee endowed? 1669 Boyt 


ENDURANCE. 


vested with, or put in possession of. Const. of 
‘++ Endu‘er, one who invests a person or body of 
ee PG bbe) 1m, Of dal 

sat MEGUIGEE cicordsog to comme. Lee 


c [See Ennve z. 8]. 

}'Endue-ment. Obs. Also 7 induement. 
[f Enpur v. + -menT.] The action of enduing; 
concr. that with which one is endued. 

a. That which is put on or worn; a covering 
(rare). b. fig. A qualification, accomplishment, 
adornment. 


x609 Hottanp Amm, Marcel. xv. viii. 45 They had.. 


i ceemeienasinote i 
singular enduements..were the only measures of our con- 


cessions. 

+ Endugine. Ods. rare—!. ? = DupGEon. 

1638 Grati# Ludentes 118 (N.) Which shee often perceiv- 
i 5 oe re ee told him, etc. 
‘Enduing erg sb. [f. ENDUE v. + 
-InGl.] The action of the verb ENDUE Mes oe 2). 

1875 uRBERV. Bk. Falconrie 327 The heate [in the liver] 
. is the cause of all kindly digestion and i ing. 

a ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 24 That 
endues. 

1644 Butwer Chirol. 143 The enduing ensigne..by evi- 
dene ensures the aiden of leventitnen, ier 
+Endu'lee, v. Ods. [ad. OF. endoulcir, f. en- 
(see En-1) + doulx, doulce:—L. dulcem sweet.] 
trans. To sweeten, e. 

1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. vu. xlii. 352 Her body shee 
endulced with the sweetest balmes. 


Endulge, obs. form of INDULGE v. 
+ Endw'll, v. Ods. [f. Ex-1+ Dunia] trans. 
To render dull; to blunt, weaken; to deprive of 


sanity. 
1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 28 Endull: the regalie 
power of seculer lordis. Caxton los Xxvi. 
She [Dido] is. .endulled and fallen in d: . 1520 
ARCLAY Fugurth. 51b His mynde was a lyt led and 


priuate of reason and memorie. 

End eon (endyndzen), v. Also 9 indun- 
geon. [f. En-!+Duncxon.] ¢vans. To put into 
or shut up in a dungeon. Hence, to enclose in 
any receptacle. Hence Endu‘ngeoned £//. a. 

a. asHe Lent. Stuffe 56 Endungeond in his pock 
atweluemonth. 1623 Drumm. or Hawtn. Flowers Sion 
(1630) 31 That Prince of Sin ..shall endungeoned dwell. 
a17ux Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 IIL. 253 By 
Faith they mock’d, scourg’d, chain’d, end lay. 
1820 CoLeripGe in Lit. Rem. (1836) IV. 114 To endun- 

eon through the magistrate the honest and peaceable 

uaker. 1827 Montcomery Pelican /s/. 1x. 163 "Twas a 
menses for angels .. To see a dark endungeon’d spirit 
rol 

B. 1808 J. Bartow Columb. 1. 41 Who now beneath his 
tower indungeon’d lies, 1884 Tennyson Becket 1. ii. a4 
Could you keep her Indungeon’d from one whisper of 


wind. 

Endurability (endit:rabiliti). rave. [f. En- 
DURABLE @, + -IT¥.] The quality of being en- 
durable. : oe 

Cc. Fr. Rev. 1. m. vi, i estionin; 

Lattee-do-Cochet geueraily, thelr logalley, eoceeabiliegs 

Endurable (endiiierib’!), a. Also 7 indur- 
able. [f. ENDURE v. + ee 

1. That can be endured, s » put up with. 
1800W orvsw. Michael 454 There Sassnieile strength 
of love; "Twill make a thing endurable, else, etc. 
1823 Lams £/ia(1860)208 His Iago was the only endurable 
one which I remember to have seen. 1856 Froupe Hist. 
Eng. (x858) II. xi. 458 Life had become at least endurable 


to be brought up in.. that so the hoofs may 
re endurabl t b is lost by age. 1826 
seem 


4 a 
Blackw. Mag. XX. Rock-rooted castles, t 


Contn. New Exp. u. (1682) 27 The ped oe 
with a most pleasant Taste, eat ERKELEY Ess, Vision 
§ 86 Our sight would be end with a far greater sharp- 
ness. Butter Anat. 1. i. Wks. 1874 I. 14 We know 


wi eg pes ik gee a sea hoggee La 
lord yn -.ynduyd wit an nes. 
Futver Ch. iihee t's 17 An ¢ in New Forest .. ce 
dued with the same quality, putting forth leaves about the 
same time. 1692 WASHINGTON tr. Milton's Def. Pop. ii. 
(1851) 63 Kings, tho indued with the Supream Power, are 
not..Lords over the People. 1727 Pore, etc. Art Sinking 
118 The less a man is indued with any virtue, the more 
need he has to have it plentifully b d. 1754 E 
Freed. Will . iii. 156 Let us suppose a Seoie ata Balance 
..indued with a self-moving Power. 1860 Hottanp Miss 
Gilbert xvii. 305 A heart indued and informed with love 
+b. Ofa lity, etc.: To be inherent in, Obs. 
163 Mitton Sonm. il, 8 And inward ripeness doth much 
less appear, That some more timely-happy spirits endu’th. 
1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 27/2 Whose Souls 
deceit and vanity endue. e 
Hence + Zndu‘able a., capable of being in- 


28 
endurable till the solid lobe shall dissolve. 1885 Manch. 


so strong and end le as the material it is made to 
simulate. 1886 Northern N. & Q. 1. 5x The author has 
done a solid and endurable piece of work. 

Hence Endu‘rableness. vare. The state or 
character of endurable. 

1795 Coterince Plot Discov, 18 If its only excellence, 
if its whole endurableness consist in motion. 

ndurance (endiiivrins), Also 6-8 indur- 

ance. [f. ENDURE v. +-ANCE; in OF. endurance.] 

1. The fact of enduring (pain, hardship, annoy- 
ance); the habit or the power of enduring ; often 
adso/. as denoting a quality, longsuffering, patience. 


a, 1667 Mitton , L. ut. 262 We can create, and work ease 
in Through lal endurance. 


out of bour and James 

TV, IV. e was forgiving, and oo 
1856 Kane Arce. IL. xxvi. 267 The endur- 
ance of the men. Euior Silas M. 59 Their aged 
wisdom was constantly in a state of endurance mitigated 
by _1879 FroupE Cesar viii. 76 The endurance of 


ENDURANT. 


B. 1599 Suaks. Much Ado u. i. 246 O she misusde me past 
the ioteipes of ablock. 1744 Harris Zhree Treat. ui. 1. 
(1765) 137 Not a grain more of Magnanimity, of Candour 
and Indurance. 

+b. Durance, captivity, imprisonment. Odés. 

1603 Knoties Hist. Turks (1621) 1256 Which. .composi- 
tion. .made in the absence and indurance of their Generall, 
was by the Turkes faithfully kept. 

2. Duration or continued existence in time. Also, 
power of lasting, capacity of continued existence. 

Fasyan v. cxxix. 111 Some accompt ts enduraunce 
therof to the laste yere of Burdredus. 1 ApY RussELu 
Lett. 11. cxxxvii. 112 The joys of eternal endurance. x79 
J. Ropertson Agric. Perth 74 The leases now commonly 
granted are of endurance nineteen years. 1811 L. Hawkins 
C'tess & Gertr. I. 27 Sermons of four hours’ endurance. 

1855 Bain Senses § [nt. 1. ii. § 23 (1864) 63 The undying en- 
durance of anelectric wire. 1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. i. 
(1875) 7 This is why Byron’s poetry had so little endurance 
in it, and Goethe’s so much. 

B. 1596 Spenser State ved. 2 Others more late and of lesse 
indurance. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. 381 The long 
indurance of the Siege [of Troy]. ; 

+b. ? Protraction of an existing condition. Ods. 
rare—', 

1613 Suaks. Hen. V/I/, v. i,122, I should haue tane some 
paines..to haue heard you Without indurance further. 

3. concr. That which is endured ; a hardship. 

a. 1608 SHaks. Per. v. i. 13 If thine consider’d prove the 
thousandth part Of my endurance, thou art a man. 1622 
Bacon Hen. VIJ, 158 Wee shall also unyoke our People 
from all heauie Burthens and Endurances. 1812 J. Henry 
Camp. agst. Quebec 134 The endurances we underwent in 
conjunction. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. I. 286 Is my present 
endurance none? 

B. a@1555 Ripcey/Vks. 428 I never had of him which suffered 
indurance at my entrance to the see of London, one penny 
of his moveable goods. 1622 J. Rawtins Recor. Ship 
Bristol in Arb. Garner IV. 591 Which he must procure, or 
incure sorer indurances. 


Endurant (endiiierint), a. [f. ENDURE v.+ 
-ANT; in F. endurant.] Ready to endure; that 
endures or is capable of enduring. Const. of. 

1866 NEALE Sequences §& Hymns 137 Doing good, and 
endurant of evil. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm. 314 We should 
be endurant of evil and subservient to all. 1881 PALGRAVE 
Visions Eng. 240 Calm adamantine endurant chief. 

Endurate, obs. form of InpuRATE. 

Endure (endiiio1),v. Forms: a. 4 endeure, 5 
enduer, 4~— endure ; £8. (5 induyr), 5-8 indure. 
[a. OF. exdure-r to make hard, to endure, = Pr. 
endurar, It. indurare:—L. indiirare, f. in (see 
Iy-) + durare to harden, to endure, f. dir-us hard.] 


+I. 1. To indurate, harden. Hence fig. to 
make callous or indifferent. Also, in good sense, 
to make sturdy or robust, to strengthen. Ods. 

@., 1382 Wyc.ir Acts xix. 9 Summe weren endurid, or maad 
hard. 1407 Exam. W. Thorpe in Arb. Garner VI. 58 O thine 
heart is full hard, endured as was the heart of Pharoah. 148 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 128/3 And she endured and enformed al 
the other in prayer. 15.. New Not-broune Mayd, Passion 
Cryste 388 in Hazl. EZ. P. P. 111. 16 So endured With synne 
and vyce is he. 1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v. viii. 27 And manly 
limbs endur’d with litle care Against all hard mishaps and 
fortunelesse misfare. 

B. 1578-1600 Sc. Poems 16th C. 11. 183 Priests, curse no 
more, And not your heartes indure. 1588 A. Kine tr. Ca- 
nisius’ Catech, 146 That suithlie, quhilk maks the mynde 
of man stubbornlie indured agains gud admonition. 

II. To last; to suffer continuously. 

2. intr. To last, continue in existence. Also, 
to persist, ‘hold out’ in any action, etc. + For- 
merly also, to continue in a certain state or con- 
dition, remain in a certain place (with complement 
expressing the state or place). 

a. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Man Law's T. 655 In the castel noon 
so hardy was That eny while dorste therin endure. c 1400 
Maunpev. v. (1839) 47 Who so stopped that watre from 
hem, thei myghte not endure there. c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 
1220 Thou maiste not longe endure. _c¢ 1430 Lypc. Chore 
§ Byrde (1818) 14 A wrecche never lyke to thryve But for 
tendure in poverte all my live. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) 
Dictes 10 b, His lordship and power in this worlde may not 
long endure.  @ 1555 Maren Serm. & Rem. (1845) 33 
So this great king endured a leper all the days of his life. 
1607 TorsELL Serpents (1653) 613 Snakes and Adders. .will 
not endure neer those places where they hear their voice. 
1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 218 Myrtles will endure 
abroad near a month longer. r7xx Col. Rec. Penn. II. 
558 A free and open trade with us whilst the Sun endures. 
1814 Souruey in Q. Rev. XII. 65 Such corruptions endure 
only for aseason. 1845 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. U1. 
407 Such a relation was too wide a departure from the 
ordinary nature and course of human affairs to endure long. 
1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 35Take the hope therein away, 
All we have to do is surely not endure another day. 

. ¢ 1450 Merlin ii. 24 Thus it indured longe tyme. c 1460 
owneley Myst., Processus Noe 24 It shalle begyn fulle sone 
to rayn uncessantle. .and induyr dayes fourty. 1542 Boorpe 
Dyetary xxviii. (1870) 291 As long as the Agew doth indure. 

1596 Bett Surv. Popery 1. 1. ii. 5 The floud indured one 
whole yeare. 1616 Surrt. & Marku. Country. Farme 407 
If you wash them in salt brine, you shall make them white, 
and to indurelong. 1 Marve.t Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 
574 The debate upon the Nine-pences..indured the whole 

lay. 1743 Lond. §& Country Brew. u. (ed. 2) 147 Neither 

Fermentation, nor Age, can ever disunite or separate such 
its ill See while the Drink indures. 

tb. To keep up with. Obs. rare. 

1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 180 Men..did 
trauaile with the same [burdens] with so t ease and 
swiftnes, that the horse could not indure with them. 


165 


+c. To be continued through space; to extend 
from one point to another. Ods. rare. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. cccxxxvii. (1812) 527 Highe 
wodes and forestes, that endured to the cyte of Constances. 
¢ 1530 — Arth. Lyt, Bryt.(1814) 303 Thei [woundes] began 
at his shouldres and endured downe to histhyghes. 1588 R. 
Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 229 These Ilands endured 
vntill they came vnto alittle gulfe. did. 328 Many townes 
of Indians of this nation, the which indured twelue dayes 
iourney. 

+d. quasi-trans. with out: To last out, per- 
sist during the continuance of (an event or action). 

1636 E. Dacres tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy 1. 133 They 
would sooner accept of the Kings, than endure out the 
warre, 

3. trans. To undergo, bear, sustain (continuous 
pain, opposition, hardship, or annoyance); /ro- 
perly, to undergo without succumbing or giving 
way. Also adsol. 

a. c 1325 ZL. LE. Altit. P. A. 475 What more-hond mo3te he 
a-cheue Pat hade endured in worlde stronge. 1340 Ham- 
POLE Pr. Consc. 6865 For-why na whitt of man may endure 
To se a devel in his propre figure. 1570-6 LAMBARDE 
Peramb. Kent (1826) 145 One sort founde him more than a 
Pope, the other felt him more than a King, and they both 
endured him an intollerable tyrant. 1667 Mitton P, LZ. 11. 
206 ‘To endure Exile, or ignominy, or bonds, or pain. 1795, 
SoutHEy Yoax of Arc v. 380 He can brave his cruelty, And 
triumph by enduring. 1876 Green Short Hist. ii. § 8 (1882) 
tox Such anarchy as England had endured under Stephen. 

. 1594 H. Wittoste in Shaks. C. Praise 7 To indure the 
burning heate. 1671 Zrue Nonconf. 169 Your N. C. must 
indeed be very simple, that he could indure such imposing. 
17x SHaFtess, Charac. (1737) II. 383 See how you can 
indure the prospect. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. I. 11. 238 
These writers had..to indure..the punishment. 

b. Of things: To support (a strain, pressure, 
wear and tear, etc.) without receiving injury; for- 
merly also aéso/. Also in weaker sense, to undergo, 
suffer, be subjected to. 

1413 Lyne. Pylg. Sowle iv. xxx, Gold wylle well enduren 
under the hamoure enlargyng hymself withouten crasure. 
161x Biste Pref 1 The same endured many a storm of 
gaine-saying. 1658 Evetyn 7. Gard. (1675) 70 Old trees, 
whose rind being very tough, can endure the wedge with- 
out splitting. 1860 TyNpALt Glac. 11. § 3. 247 The loss [of 
heat] endured .. through radiation into space. 

+e. To withstand as an adversary, support, 
sustain. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce u. 429 His men..war sa few that 
thai na mycht Endur the forss mar off the fycht. ¢ 1450 
Merlin ix. 134 That noon myght his strokesendure. 1470- 
85 Matory Arthur x. i, Yet shalle I ryght wel endure you. 
1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 64 We were obliged to 
endure the whole weight of the imperial army. 

4. To suffer without resistance, submit to, toler- 
ate ; to contemplate with toleration. 

a- 1475 CAxTon Yasox 78 Notwithstanding he endured the 
malice of Zethephius..acertayn space. 1601 Suaks. zd. C. 
Iv. iii. 29 Brutus, baite not me, Ile not indure it. 1609 B. 
Jonson Sid. Wont. 1.1. (1616) 533 He cannot endure a Costard- 
monger. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xxiv. 129 Common- 
wealths can endure no Diet. 1716-8 Lavy M. W. Monta- 
cue Lett. I. xvi. 54 Men endure everything while they are 
in love. 1732 BerkeLey Alciphr. ii. § 24 The tendency of 
your opinions is so bad that no good man can endure them. 
1845 E. Hormes AZozart 136 The French gentlemen have 
only so far improved their taste as to be able to endure 
good things. 

. 1617 Markuam Caval. 1. 86 Your horse. . will not indure 
their companie. 1617 Hieron Ws. (1619-20) II. 342 God 
.. can indure none but cheerefull Seruitors. 1678 BuNyAN 
Pilgr. 1. 135, I could never indure him. ; 

{| Used for: To entertain the possibility of. 

1677 Fe.tHam Resolves 1. xxvii. (ed. 10) 47 St. Augustine 


would by no means indure the Antipodes: we are now of | 


nothing more certain. 
b. With object inf. (with Zo), subord. cl., or 
accus. and inf. 

a.15.. Mew Not-broune Mayd (1842) 51 When your plea- 
sure Was to endure To lye my sydes betwene. 1607 TopseLL 
Serpents (1653) 815 The people of Europe in no place.. 
can endure them to be set on their Tables. 16xx Biste 
Esther viii. 6 For how can I endure to see the evil that 
shall come unto my people? @1627 Haywarp Four Y. 
Eliz. (1840) 44 He had openlie reproched the French soldiers, 
for enduringe their master’s enimies to lyve. @1718 PENN 
Maxims Wks. 1726 I. 836 Those that have employments 
should not be endured to leave them humourously. 1732 
BerkeLey Alciphr. i. § 5 We... cannot endure that truth 
should suffer through complaisance. 1792 G. WAKEFIELD 
Answer to Priestley 14 But my friends .. must, and will, 
endure me both to speak and write of them and their 
opinions, etc. 1798 — Reply to the Bp. of Landaff’s Ad- 

ress 5 The public ear must endure to vibrate with an in- 
cessant application of wholesome doctrine. 1871 BRrowNING 
Pr. Hohenstiel 1314 The man endured to help, not save 
outright the multitude. 

B. 1597 Hooxer Eccl. Pol. v. vii. (1611) 195 The world will 
not indureto heare that we are, etc. ston. Jemmnon Kfag2. 
§ Comm. (1603) 205 They will not indure any of the com- 


mon people to come neare them. 1654 Trapp Comm. Ps. 
iv. 3 Wee cannot indure to hear sweet words from a stinking 
breath. 1660 Trial Regic. 106 They ought not to indure 


to have their Jurisdiction so much as questioned. 

+5. Of things: To permit of, be compatible 
with. arch. 

1593 Bitson Govt. Christ’s Ch. 166 The wordes doe well 
endure it. 1823 Scorr Peveril xiii, I have that to say to 
this youth which will not endure your presence. 


+ Endwred, A7/. a. Ods. rare. In 6 indured. 
[f. EnpuRE v.+-ED1.] Hardened, callous ; = In- 
DURATED, 


| ppl. a.+-LY4.) 


| 
| 
| 
| 


END-WAYS. 


1540 SurREY Poems 103 In blind indured hearts light of 
thy lively name Cannot appear. 1578-1600 Sc. Poems 16th 
C. IL. 171 Their false indured heart. 

+Endu‘rement. 00s. [f. Enpurev. + -menv.] 
The action of enduring; concr. that which is 
endured ; hardship, suffering. 

1608 SytvesteR Du Bartas (1621) 626 Or too-much idle 
feare of sufferings and endurements. a 1716 Sourn Serm. 
(1744) VIII. ix. 254 These examples .. should make us 
couragious in the endurement of all worldly misery. 

Endurer (endiiira1). rave. [f. ENDURE v. + 
-ER.] One who endures. 

1596 SPENSER State /re/.(J.), They are..great endurers of 
cold, labour, hunger, and all hardiness. a@ 1625 Beaum. & 
Fi. Nice Valour ww. i, Vl fit you with my scholars, new 
practitioners, Endurers of the time. 1832 tr. Zour Geri. 
Prince 11, ix. 155 What a man was this sublime endurer ’ 

Endw'ring, 2/. s/. Also 7 induring. [f. Ev- 
DURE v.+-ING!.] The action of the vb. ENDURE. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. xi. 98 Acordynge to hyr nature 
in conservacioun of hyr beynge and endurynge. 1413 Lypc. 
Pilgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 73 Seculum is taken for the en- 
durynge of the world. 1603 KNoLies Hist. Turks (1638) 
103 The induring of a long siege. 1659 Pearson Creed 
(1839) 329 The descent into hell is not the enduring the 
torments of hell. 1684 Bunyan Pilger. u. 114 His Faith, his 
Courage, his Enduring, and his Sincerity under all, has 
made his Name Famous. 

Enduring (endii'rin), A/. a. Also 7 in-. 
[f. ENpuRE v.+-1nG2.] “That endures, lasting. 

1532-3 Act 24 Hen, V///,c. 1 Fewe of them.. haue any 
good or strong horse-harneis of lether, ne any endewringe 
saddelles. 1816-7 Byron Manfred 1.1. 4 My slumbers—if 
I slumber—are not sleep, But a continuance of enduring 
thought. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. IV. 1. x. 125 The most 
enduring incidents of English history. 

+ Endwring, /7¢/. Obs. Also 6-8 induring. 
[Orig. the pr. pple. of ENDuRE v., in concord with 
the sb. (e.g. enduring his life = ‘while his life 
endures’), afterwards taken as prep.] = Durinc. 

a. 1494 Fasyan vi. clxxv. 172 Endurynge whiche trowbles, 
the Danysentred the lande. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 
1. 987, I wyll obserue, endurynge this lyfe mortall. 1548 
Upatt Erasm. Par. Pref. 12a All my lyfe enduryng..to 
employe, etc. @ 1615 Briene Cron. Erlis Ross (1850) 16 
Iohne Ila was Erll of Ross..enduring his lyftyme. 

B. 1524 Diurn. Occurr. Scot. (1833) 9 All the kirkis of thar 
dyocies wer interdyted induring their wairding. 1588 A. 
Kine tr, Canisius’ Catech. Confess. 9 Gif being pairted for 
adulterie lauchfullie prouen, any marie induring the vyers 
[other’s] lyf quhilk is adulterie. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk 
(1842) 179 And I promise, indureing the conference, not to 
countenance any enemies to that religion. 

Enduringly (endiiierinli), adv. [f. Expurine 
In an enduring manner. 

1831 New Monthly Mag. LIM. 545 How assiduously and 
enduringly they toiled. 1862 R. Patterson Ess. Hist. & 
«(rt 378 The great empires which have enduringly impressed 
themselves upon the world’s memory. 1888 //arfer's Mag. 
July 215 The work was done cheaply and flimsily, not 
massively and enduringly. 

Enduringness (endiiirinnés). [f. Enpurine 
Ppl. a. +-NESS.] The quality of being enduring. 

@ 1867 Jas. Hamitton in Spurgeon 7'veas. Dav. Ps. xc. 16 
In so far as it was to have any success or enduringness, it 
must be God’s work. 1878 DowpEN Stud. Lit.155 The en- 
duringness of nerve needed for sane and continuous action. 

Enduyce, obs. form of InpUCcE. 

+E:ndware. Ods. rare—1. [? perh. some error ; 
OE. *gnde-waru (collect. sing.) would mean ‘the 
inhabitants of an end’ (cf. Enp sé. and -waRk). 
Halliwell gives ‘ Andware, a hamlet, Linc.’ ; but 
it is not in the Linc. glossaries.] ? =ENDsHIP. 

1577 Harrison England u, xiii. (1877) 1. 261 The moonkes 
were authors of manie goodlie borowes and endwares neere 
unto their dwellings.. But alas .. they wrought oft great 
wickedness and made those endwares little better than 
brodelhouses. : e " 

End-way(s, -wise (endwéi, -w2iz,-waiz), adv. 
[f. Enp 5d. + -waY(s, -WISE.] 

1. Of position: With the end (as distinguished 
from the side) uppermost, foremost, or turned to- 
wards the spectator. Also Zxdways on. 

1657 R. Licon Barbadoes (1673) 87 To dig small holes.. 
and put in the Plants endwise. 1679 Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 
193 Set obliquely like a pack of Cards, endways or edgways. 
1709 BERKELEY “ss. Vision § 2 Distance being a linedirected 
endwise to the eye. 1722 Dr For Col. Yack (1840) 47 The 
book lay end-way. 1855 Loner. Haw. vi. 68 The birch 
canoe stood endwise. 1857 Mrs. GASKELL C. Bronté (1860) 
3 The flag-stones with which it is paved are placed end- 
ways. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. xiii. (ed. 12) 78 A stone 
was set up endwise. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word- 
bk, s. v., The house standing endways-on to the street. 1884 
Times (weekly ed.) 3 Oct. 13/1 A little town looking end- 
ways on to the river from a terraced slope. 

. In the direction ofthe ends; also, end to end. 

@ 1608 Sir F, Vere Comm. 125 The Poulder. . broad-wayes 
lay due West, and end-ways North and South, 1862 Fn/. 
Soc. Arts X. 327/1 Strips of vulcanised india-rubber ce- 
mented endways. . : 

2. Of motion: a. End on, in a direct line, 
continuously. (Ods. exc. déa/.) b. End foremost. 
ce. In the direction of the ends, lengthwise ; also 
quasi-ad7. 

a. 1575 TurBERv. Venerie 86 Hartes which have bene hunt- 
ed, do most commonly runne endwayes as farre as they have 
force. pe 3 Hosses Lett. Wks. 1845 VII. 456 As ifa foot- 
man should run with double swiftnesse endwayes. 1855 
Whitby Gloss., Endways, forward, 


ENDWELL. 


b. 1765 Gaurritn Stormin Phil. Trans. LV.277 More than 
one [splinter] flew end-ways like an arrow. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. 1. “plea fp ee eg ict ame vow | 
endwise. 1870 Barnumin R. Anderson Missions Amer. Bd. 
IV. xlii. 421, Taking the gun in both hands and striking 
with it endwise. 

@. ¢ 1790 Imison Sch. Arts 1. 138 Take the tube..and 
shaking it endways, the mercury will run into the tube. 
1791 Smeaton Edystone L. (1793) 196 The stress u| the 
legs is always endwa‘ 1819 Suiram Nat. Phi. (ed. 3) 
I, 165 The strength of the beam to resist a force applied to 
it endwise. 1850 Chubb’s Locks & Keys 13 A compound of 
both endway pushing and revolving motion. 1882 Nature 
XXVI. 509 The endwise action of so large a force. 

+ Endwe'll, v. Obs. rare. [f. Ex-l + DWELL. 
Cf. IN-DWELL.] trans. To dwell in, stay in. 

Hence Endwe'ller, an inhabitant. z 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb.1. 437 Herdde it [the cistern] weel 
Tyl water wol endwelle it and abyde. c 1630 Drumm. or 
Hawru. Poems 136 Rich Pallace, and Endweller ever blest. 

Endye: see En- pref.! 3. : ; 

Endy-miony. xonce-wd. [f. Endymion proper 
name +-y.] Sleepiness like that of Endymion. 

1600 Tourneur 7rvansf. Met. vi, Long Endimionie Hath 
pierc’d the clearenes of thy sight. 

+ Ene, cz. Ods. rare. Also 4 eene, 3ene, 
3eeene, yeene, yn. [related to OE. ¢éanzan, Eanv.] 
Of sheep: With young, in lamb. 

1388 Wycuir Ps. cxliii. 13 The scheep of hem ben with 
lambre [v. ». eene, yn, ene, 3eeene, 3ene; 1382 ful of frut ; 
Vulg. fetosz.) — /sa. xl. 11 He schal bere scheep with 
lomb [v.7. ene, ether with lomb, yeene, e¢her with lomb; 
1382 ful of frut; Vulg. /etas.] 

+ Evne, adv. Forms: 1 &ne, 2-4 ene, (3 ene). 
[OE. ene, instr. case of du one. Cf. MHG. eine.] 

1. Once, on one occasion ; opposed to often. 

Beowulf (Gr.) 3020 Ac sceal. .Oft nalles zne elland tredan. 
¢ 1000 AELFric Gen. xviii. 31 Nu ic zne begann to sprecanne 
to minum Drihtne. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 15 Ne beo pu nefre 
ene wrad per fore. a 1250 Owl & Night. 1105 Vor hit bi- 
tidde ene swo, Ich am the blithur ever mo. ¢ 1325 Chron. 
Eng. in Ritson Met. Rom. U1. 304 Ene heo [the Danes] 
him [Edmund] overcome. 

2. In phrases. For ene: once for all. At ene: 
(a.) at one stroke, =AT ONCE 1; (4.) in one group 
or set, =AT ONCE 2. Zo make at ene: to arrange, 
settle; cf. AT ONE 2. See also BEDENE. 

¢ 1275 Lay. 20462 For ene and for euere. 1297 R. GLouc. 
47 Thou nart one y payed oure tresour to nyme at ene. 
c1325 £. FE. Alt. P. és 291 Pre wordez hatz pou spoken 
atene. /6id, 952 In pat on oure pes watz mad at ene. 

Ene, obs. form of EVEN sé.; also obs. pl. of Eyz. 

-ene, suffix, in Organic Chemistry the termina- 
tion of many names of hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene, 
camphene, napthalene, toluene, etc. In systematic 
nomenclature, proper to compounds of the olefine 
group, with formula C,, H,,, but also more widely 
used. 

+ Enea‘ger, v. Ods. Also 6eneigre. [f. Ex-1 
+ Eacer.] trans. To make eager or fierce; to 
irritate; to whet (an appetite). 

1594 R. Carew Jasso (1881) 26 The thought of this his 
natiue sauage m .. Angring eneigres. 1649 AmMBRosE 
Media xiii. (1652) 350 If it be .. eneagred with a longing 
desire. 

Enearnest: see En- pref.! 2. 

+ Ene'’brie, v. Ods. rare—'. [ad. L. énebriare 
INEBRIATE.] ¢vans. = INEBRIATE. 

1430 Speculum (1888) 35 This wyne, the king of heven 
enebried fulle swetely. 

+ E-necate, v. Obs. [f. L. éecat- ppl. stem of 
enecare, {. & out+necare to kill.] trans. To kill 
outright. In quot. adsol. 

1657 Phys. Dict., Enecated, killed. 1665 G. Harvey 
Advice <— Plague 10 Some .. enecate in two or three 
hours, suddenly corrupting or oe the vital spirits. 
1721-1800 Baitey, Execated, killed. i 

Hence Eneca‘tion, Ods. [see -aTIon], the action 
of killing outright, destruction, 

1657 TomLinson Renou’'s Disp. 182 The enecation of small 
wormes. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 430 Vicers..are 
cured if verminose, by extraction, and enecation. 

En échelon: see EcHELON. 

Ened, enedmete, var. of ENDE, etc., Ods. 

Eneich : see En- pref.1 3. 

Eneid, variant of ANE, 

Eneigre, variant of ENEAGER v. Ods. 

Enelpi, variant of ONELEPY a. Ods. only. 

¢ ie Lamb. Hom. 29 On _enelpi luttele hwile mon mei 
underfon ane wunde on his licome. 

Enema (e‘n/ma, en7‘ma). A/ed. PI. enemas; 
in techn. use often enemata. [a. Gr. éveya, f. 
énéva, f. év in + é- stem of iévat to send. 

The normal pronunciation is (e’néma), but the incorrect 
form is in very general use.] = unt 

1. A liquid or gaseous substance (either medicinal 
or alimentary) introduced mechanically into the 
rectum ; a clyster, an injection. Also aftrib., as 
in enema-apparatus, -instrument, -pump, -syringe. 
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Enema, a clister. 
175t Cuambers Cyc/., Enema in medicine denotes a clyster. 
1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) I. 32'A dram of it [lauda- 
num] was u as an enema. 1800 Med. Frud. 111. 230, I 
then exhibited a laxative and antispasmodic Enema. 1847 
E, Seymour Severe Dis. 1.9, 1 recommended him. .the use 
ofenemata. 1872 CoHEN Dis. Throat 87 We can resort to 


166 


nutritive enemas. 1879 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 11. 3 The 
. .india-rubber enema ++ ma’ ep sir 1886 
C. H. Facer Princ. & Pract. ed. iL. 208 Enemata may 


Mod. One of ——’s patent enemas. 

+Enemiable, @. Ods. rare—'. [ad. OFr. 
anemiable, ennemiable: see ENEMY and -ABLE, and 
cf. amiable.] Having the disposition of an enemy ; 
hostile. 


1382 Wycur Ecclus. xlvi. 7 A bure he made azen the 
yable [v. 7. able) folc. 

Enemicitious, var. of Iyimicirious, assimi- 
lated to Enemy. 

1691 Ev. Taytor Behmen's Theos. Philos. xviii. 27 Mortal, 
and the Properties of it became Enemicitious. 

+ Enemious, a. O/s. In 6 enmious. [a. OF. 
enemieux, f. enemt: see ENEMY and -ous.] Hos- 
tile, unfriendly. 

1529 S. Fisu Sugg. 9 An enmious and an enuious h- 
ing. 1547 Recorp Fudic. Uryne 42 b These [colors] ar 
most enmious to nature. : : 

Hence E-nemiously adv., in a hostile manner ; 
spitefully. 

1529 More Hevesyes iv. ix. 107 b 1 Neuer eny secte.. 
= ide .. so enemyously blaspheme & oppugne y® church of 

ste. 

memity, obs. form of Enmiry. 

Enemony, obs. form of ANEMONE. 

Enemy (enémi), sé. and a. Forms: 4-7 
enemi(e, -mye, enmie, -y(e, 4-6 enne-, en- 
nymy(e, 5-7 enimie, -ye, (4 ennymei, en(e)me, 
5 annemy, elmy, enmei, 6 ennimie), 4- enemy. 
[a. OF. enemi (Fr. ennemi), anemi, -y, corresp.to 
Pr. enemie, Cat. enemig, Sp. enemigo, It. nemico 
:-L. inimicus, f. in- negative prefix + amicus 
friendly, friend.] 

. 5b. 

I. An unfriendly or hostile person. 

1. One that cherishes hatred, that wishes or 
seeks to do ill to another; also in weaker sense, 
an adversary, antagonist, opponent. Const. of 
(or genztive case), to. 

a1300 Cursor M. 14827 Quar es he bat godds enemy? 
¢ 1340 /bid. 25350 (Fairf.) Forgiue pine eneme. 1362 LANG. 
P. Pl. A. x1. 148 He. .biddeb [vs].. Blessen vr enemys. 1398 
in Exg. Gilds (1870) 5 Enpresoned falslich by enme. c 1440 
York Myst, xvii. 329 Herowde isoureenmye. 1538 STARKEY 
England ii. 49 The handys..defend the rest of the body 
from the iniury of ennymys vtward. 1 Suaxs. Rom. 
& Ful. 1. v. 143 Prodigious birth of Loue it is to me, That 
I must loue a loathed Enemie. 1600 —. A. Y. L. ui. iii. 
18 Within this roofe the enemie of all your es liues. 
1653 Trial Mayor Faulconer in Howell St. Triads (1816) 
V. 359 He was an enemy to himself in spending his estate. 
1664 Marvect Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 98 A worke of their 
enimyes and not of their nulgh tars and friends. 1719 De 
For Crusoe (1840) II. xi. 242, I had been nobody’s enemy 
but my own. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt 1. ii. 44 An enemy to 
his fellow-subjects. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 
II. 215 Astake was driven into the ground before his door, 
as a token that he was a public enemy. 1859 TENNYSON 
Geraint & Enid 282 Where can I get me..arms to fight my 
enemy? 1872 Mor.ey Voltaire (1886) 12 The man of the 
world, that worst enemy of the world. 

b. spec. Zhe Enemy: the Devil (cf. fend). 
Also (our) ghostly or great enemy; the old enemy, 
tthe enemy of hell; the enemy of mankind, of 
souls, etc. 

1382 Wyciir Luke x. 19, I haue 30uun to 30u power of 
defoulinge, other tredinge .. on al the vertu of the enemy. 
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 131 The olde enemy cryde 
openliche in be ayer. 1447 Bokennam Seyntys (1835) 9 
That tentacyoun Betoknyth..Of oure gostly enmye. 
a1450 Knt, de la Tour (1868) 125 She had vij husbondes, 
the whiche were mischeued and slayne bi the Annemy of 
helle. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 The prynce of 
derknes .. our goostly ennemy the deuyll. 1535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot. 11. 221 Be illusion of the ennimie. 1549 Bk. Com. 
Prayer, Visit. Sick, Defend him from the danger of the 
enemy. 1712 Apprson Sfect. No. 273 ® 8 Another Princi; 
Actor in this Poem is the great Enemy of Mankind. 1 
Scorr A ddot xvi, I defy the Old Enemy to unmask me when 
I choose to keep my vizard on. 

c. The great or last enemy: death (cf. 1 Cor. 
xv. 26). 

1885 Border Lances 166 Looking to see the great Enemy 
arise from the waters, and come up to enter within the 
house where the knight lay. 

d. ¢ransf, and fig. (a.) One who hates or 7 
bees (a cause, custom, state of things). (é.) 

mething that operates prejudicially upon, coun- 
teracts the action of. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. xx. (1495) 237 Eyen 
ben — and theues. 1595 Suaks. Yokn i. i. 263 So 
mak’st thou faith an enemy to faith. 1658 Everyn Fr. 
Gard, u. § 3 (1675) 173 To destroy these Enemies [Palmer 
worms], i should, etc. Penn Addr, Prot. 1. viii. 
(1692) 31 is Enemy of 


Religion, is at the same time, 
Humane Society. 1782 Let. in Amyot 
Windham (1812) I. 18 One was an enemy to — — 
the other to drinking. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 229 
zn brat jedan. -ought to be the enemy of all pandering to 
e pl 


the Enemy 


ie Yr 
2. One belonging to a hostile army or nation ; 
ee - horu be strand, V IL 
a@ 1300 Cursor M, 6592, I ledd 30u thoru pe s! te of al 
peat eens hand. c1gas Z. £. Aliit. P. B. 1204 And harde 


ENEMYLIKE. 


hurles_pur3 oste, mies hit wyste Gower 
Conf. Ul. a4 "The higher hond he (Bacchus), And 
of his ies. c1460 For Lim. 


Brutus. 
Reb. 1x. (1 581/2 To take charge of those horse whom 
Sly tals thea taed eer ee enemies laughed at. 
aga . No. 350 P 1 The Relief which a Man of 
onour wi bestow upon an barbarously treated. 
1 Biackstone Comm. IV. 83 A rebel is not an enemy. 
“ Footpr. ee 46 All outside the family, 


or nation were usually as enemies. 
3. The hostile force. Originally only as quasi- 
personified, with concord in sing.; now 
collect. with concord in g/. Also, a hostile ship. 
1601 Suaxs. Fud. C. 1. iii. 199 Tis better that the Enemie 
vs. Fig peers Corr. (1844) IV. 159 They strike at 
the enemy in weakest and most vulnerable part. 1813 
We tuncTon in Gurw, Disp. XI. 35 To draw the attention 
of the enemy to this quarter. Mot.ey Dutch Rep. vi. 
i. (1866) 771 He on the enemy alone. 1867 
PEARSON ly § Mid A s Eng. 1. 471 Astorm of arrows 
com: the rout of the frst line of enemy ; and their 
men-at-arms were, etc. 


. Jig. 
1879 Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. viii. 174 Cold is the real 
enemy which bars the way towards the Bole. 

¢. colloq. or,slang. How goes the enemy: = 
‘what is the time ?’ 

1839 Dickens Nich. Nick. xix. 1839 Bawey Festus xiv. 
(1848) x 
+ i a 4. [app. a subst. use of B. 1.]=Enmury. 
Obs. rare. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. vi. xiii. (1495) Vnder 
Portico Mars is conteyned werre and ‘Saas, prison 
andenmye. c¢1400 Afol. Loll. 15 Pat cursing be riztwyse 
longen thes condiciouns] .. riztwisnes in be irk es t- 
wisnes in pe man cursid, & enmey of be obstinat. /é/d. 
87 On slep an oper bi enemy. ¢ 1420 Chron. Vilod. 212 
For to him he hadde a prevy3e enmy3e. 

B. adj. (In many examples the word admits of 
being regarded as the sé. used attrib.) 

+1. Adverse, hostile, ill-disposed, unfriendly. 
Const. to, with. Obs. - 

cr Cursor M. 12930 (Trin.) enemy fend him 
iiemal. sou3t, 1382 Wycuir 1 rif 36 Forsotl at the 
laste, the enemy deeth schal be distroyed. 1514 BarcLay 
Cyt. & Uplondyshm, (1847) 63 Enemie to muses is wretched 

vertie. 1553 N. Grima.p tr. Cicero's Duties (c 1600) 131 

To mans nature..cruelty is most enimy. 1596 SHaKs. 
Merch. V.w. i. 447 Your wife..would not hold out enemy 
for euer. 1607 Topsett Four-/. Beasts (1673) 100 The 
enemy beasts to harts :—Harts are —— by wolves. 1643 
Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 137, 1 have beene shi t, 
Dnsexy Pardeamon (sephy as tla bas ooking etapa 

RRERY Pa iss@ (1676) 125 He 's 
to us but his name. 1726 Swirt Gulliver u. vii. Some evil 
genius, enemy to ind, must have been the first con- 
triver. 

2. Of or pertaining to a hostile army or nation; 
standing in the po Bade of an enemy, hostile. 
rare in mod. use. 

1388 Wycuir Ecclus. xlvi. 7 He made assau3t the 
Papel [2382 enmyable folc]. 1598 Gassaway Yastie? 
Ann, x1. vili. (1622) 149 Being captaines of the enemy na- 
tions, 1623 BincHam T naphen 82 The Countrey isenemy, 
and we in danger to lose many Souldiers. Howcrorr 
Procopius w.149 Narses medled not with Ariminum. .nor 
with any other Enemy-towne. 1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. 
(1701) 116/2 The Carduchi, a People Enemy to the Persians. 
1768-74 Tucker L?. Nat. 11. 429 There is a party of enem 
Indians coming that way. 1793 T. Jurrerson Writ, IV. 
25 (1859) Enemy goods are lawful prize. 188 pees 


in Academy 15 Jan. 14/3 Distinguishing .. between the 
enemy character of individuals of their State, P 
+ , v. Obs. rare—'. [f. prec.] intr. 


To be hostile 4. Hence +Enemying vé/. sb. 

1382 Wycuir Ps. xxxiv. 19 Ouer io3e not to me that 

enemyen [1388 ben ad: J} to me wickeli i. 

Fisu Suppé. 9 So then here was enmying, cnmying, aah: 
etc. 


, dial. corruption of ANEMONE. 
18.. Tennyson NV. Farmer ix, They fun ‘um theer a-ladid 
of ‘is fatice Doon i’ the woild ‘enemies. 


-FUL.] Resulting from the action of an enemy ; 


1382 Wycutr /sa. i. 7 Joure ..Shal be desolat as in 


enemyful wastete. 1450-1 lyrr. our Ladye 260 That 
had pal a enuye to thoi of them that were made. 
like and adv, Obs. Also 4 


A. adj. Resembling an enemy; having the 
— or disposition of an enemy. 
sor i. 


Norton Caédvin's Just. 1v. 166 To be caried with 
an enemylike m against his aduersari Bincham 
Xenophon 7 As for Cyrus, where he is..an enemie, no man 
more sowre, nor more enemie-like. 

B. adv. After the manner of an enemy; as an 
a wikis 

1382 Wyciir Num, xxv. 18 og an 
wat tos tee jow. 156x T. Norton Cadwin's Jnst. 1. 
xx. (1634) 739 To with warre the dominions com- 
mitted to their charge, 


like 
Venice 178 But whether he is 
Father, who enemy-like robs his children, judge you. 


ENEMYLY. 


- +Ememyly, a. and adv. Obs. rare. Also 

4enmyly, [f. Enemy a, +-ty1 and 2,] 

A. adj. Hostile. B. adv, In a hostile 
manner, 

1382 Wycuir 2 Macc. xiv. 11 Other frendis hauynge hem 
enmyly, enflawmiden Demetrie ajeinus Judee. 1561 Daus 
tr. Budlinger on Apoc. (1573) 139 b, The Lord is. .describyng 
the enemylie warre agaynst Antichrist. 

Ememyship, wonce-wd, [f. ENEMY +-SHIP.] 
The position or relation of an enemy. 

1776 Paine Com. Sense m2) 30 Is the nearest and only 
true way of proving enemyship, if I may so call it. 

+ Ene‘nt, and with advb. gen. suffix -es en- 
entes, /vcf. Obs. Forms: a. 4 enent. B, 4 
enentes, -is, 6 enens. [var. ff. ANENT.] In va- 
rious senses of ANENT: ¢.g. in the eyes or opinion 
of=ANENT 6; opposite = ANENT 7 ; towards; in 
favour of = ANENT g; as regards = ANENT Io. 

@ 1300 Cursor M, 6880 (Gitt.) Als enent pis moyses. /did. 
10858 (Cott.) Pou has enent vr lauerd spedd. /bid. 14459 
Enentis be Iuus al was for noght. /é/d. 14878 All for noght 
enent him stode. /é7d. 25312 Pou hald wreth enents pi 
a. @ 1400-50 Alexander 3245 Suldneuir na gome be 
to glade. .Of his ne3bour noy enentis him-selfe. 1516 Wi27 
Rd. Peke of Whd. 4 June, Even enens my stall. 

+ Ene‘ntise, -ish, v. Ods. In 4 ene(y)ntis, 
-ysch. [var. ff. of ANIENTISE.] ¢rans. To bring 
to nothing, exhaust (the contents of a vessel). 

Hence Ene‘ntising vd/. sd., exhaustion, fainting. 

1340 Hampote Psalter Ixxiv. 8 The groundis that is the 
pyne of hell is noght enentist [74¢d@ enentyscht] that it ne 
last withouten ende. 1388 Wyciie ¥udith xiii. 29 Achior.. 
felde doun on his face. .and his soule suffride eneyntisyng. 

Enepidermic (enepidsmik), a. [f. En-2 
pref. + EpmpeRM-IS skin +-1c.] Of or pertaining 
to (medical) applications to the skin. 

+Enerd, v. Ods. In fr. pple. enerdand, 
-ond. [Prob. f. En-1+ Erp to dwell; but cf. En- 
HERD.] 777. To dwell zz. 

e400 Destr. ge A londe bere ledis in dwelt .. 
byg men with all, Enerdond by hor one. /é/d. 12587 
Enmys enerdand in ylis aboute. 

+ Evnergate, v. Ods. rare. [f. ENERG-Y + 
preg trans. To energize ; to give energy to. 

1647 M. Hupson Div. Right Govt. u. x. 152 Religion must 
be the foundation of all Policy. .cementing all societies, and 
energating all lawes. 

Energetic (enaidzetik), a. [ad. Gr. évepynrix- 
és active, f. évepyé-ev to operate, effect. Now 
treated as if derived from Enrrey.] 

+1. Operative, engaged in action. Ods. rare. 

x Grew Cosm. Sacr.t. i. (R.) If then we will conceive 
of God truly..we must look upon him. .as a being eternally 
energetick. ; 

2. Powerfully operative, 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 204 An energetick remedy. 1839 G. 
Birp Nat. Philos. Introd. 33 A most energetic force pre- 
siding over the internal constitution of bodies. 1860 T'N- 
DALL Glac. 1. § 20. 141, I .. found an energetic polarity in a 
mass at some distance below the summit. 1876 Tarr 
Rec, Adv, Phys. Sc. vi. 152 The most energetic chemicals. 

3. Characterized by energy. Of persons: Strenu- 
ously active. Of movements, actions, expressions : 
Forcible, vigorous, emphatic. 

1796 Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 240 The active and 
energetick part of the French nation, itself the most active 
and energetick of all nations. 1845 WHATELY Rhet. (1850) 
213 Many others, who are allowed to be elegant, are yet by 
no means vigorous and energetic. 1842 A. Comse Physiol. 
Digestion 126 The active and tage Jar respiration attend- 
ant on cheerfulness and buoyance of spirits. 1876 EMERSON 
Lett. & Soc. Aims, Resources Wks. (Bohn) III. 203 The 
world belongs to the energetic, belongs to the wise. 188 
Jowetr Thucyd. I. 99 All men are energetic when they are 
making a beginning. 

Hence Energe'tics sd, /. [on the analogy of 
mathematics, etc.], the doctrine or science of 
ENERGY. 

1855 W. Rankine in Edin, Philos. ¥rni., The basis of the 
science of energetics. 188x ARMsTRONG in Nature No. 619. 
452 That branch of science which .. I may provisionally 
term ‘Animal Energetics’. 

Energe'tical, z. [f. as ENERGETIC a. +-AL.] 

1. Philos. Operative, that produces effects ; active 
as re Bag to passive. arch. 

1603 Sir C. Heypon ¥ud. Astro. xxiii. 506 Their inward 
formes, and energeticall faculties. 1644-52 J. Smitu Se/. 
Disc. iv. 119 Resembling the passive powers of the intellect 
to colours, the active or energetical to light. 1678 Cuv- 
worTH /nted/, Syst. 161 Fate .. ought .. to be looked upon 
.. as an energetical and effectual a 1850 Maurice 
Mor. & Met. Philos. (ed. 2) 88 All things are efficient and 
energetical only in their harmony. 

+2. Powerfully operative. Ods. 

a R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature i. 8 When it 
worketh it is energeticall indeed, and powerfull in operation. 
1644-52 J. Smitu Sed. Disc.v. 160 As this is more strong 
and active, so is happiness itself more energetical within us. 
1661 Origen’s Opin. in Phenix (1721) 1. 73 That most ex- 
cellent and most energetical part in us which The Scrip- 
ture calls Spirit. 

3. Full of energy ; strenuously active; forcible, 
emphatic. rare in mod. use. 

163 Star Chamb. Cases (1886) 46 A very energeticall 
phrase, grynding the faces of the poore. 1773 J. ALLEN 
Serm. St. Mary's Oxf, 23 The energetical fervent prayers 
of this church’s champions. 1839 James Loués X7V, ITI. 


167 
409 This rapid, and energetical method of continuing the 


war. 
Energetic: (enosdge'tikali), adv, [f. ENer- 
GETICAL @.+-LY2,] In an energetical manner. 

1775 De Lotme Eng. Const. (1784) Pref. 1 Which he so 
energetically applauds. 1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lordsxiv. 
339 His longest and most energetically delivered speeches. 
1855 Macautay Hist, Eng. IV. 86 He did not approve of 
the plan : but he executed it .. palsy and energetically. 
1883 H. Spencer in Contemp. Rev. XLIII.8 The primitive 
man .. can exert himself energetically for a time. 

|| Bnergica. rare. The Lat. form of Enercy ; 
used in the sense of ENERGY 6, 

1861 Granam in Phil, Trans. 184 The colloid possesses 
Energia. 

+Energial, a. Obs. rare. [f. Enercy +-at.] 
Of or pertaining to energy; operative, efficacious. 

1525 SKELTON Keflyc. 368 A mysticall, Effecte energiall 
As Greekes do it call. Aids 

Energiatype (end-1dziataip). Ods. [f. energia 
(see EnerGy)+Typr.] An earlier name for the 
photographic process called FERROTYPE. 

1845 A thenwum 22 Feb. 203 The Energiatype, or, as the 
discoverer now names the process, the Ferrotype. 1859 
Encycl. Brit. XVII. 550/2 Under the name of the energia- 
type, Mr. Hunt published an account of a process in which 
the salts of iron were used. 

Energic (end1dzik), a. [f. ENERG-¥ + -10; cf. 
F. énergique, It. energico.] 

+1. Powerfully operative ;= ENERGETIC 2, Obs. 

1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 7 Not so Energick 
as to venenate the intire mass of blood in an instant. 1689 
— Curing Dis. by Expect. xvi. 124 The most Energick 
Simples. 1753 SMotLetT Ct, Fathome (1784) 13/2 A juice 
much more energick than the milk of goat, wolf, or woman. 

2. Characterized by energy; strenuous, forcible, 
vigorous ; = ENERGETIC 3. Now rare. 

1702 tr. Le Clerc’s Prim. Fathers 45 Expressions. .not.. 
energick enough to express such Thoughts. 1792 A. YounG 
Trav. France 65 The energic exertions of ardent minds. 
1818 J. H. Frere Whistlecraft’s Nat. Poent 1. xli, The 
strong Fryingpan’s energic jangle. 1876 J. ELtis Caesar 
in Egypt 32 Caesar, astute, energic, press’d the war. 

3. nonce-uses. (see quots.) 

1796-7 CoLERIDGE Poems, Lines on Friend, To me hath 
Heaven with bounteous hand assigned Energic reason. 
1834 — Let. 1 Mar., My mind is always energic—I don't 
mean energetic: I require in everything what, for lack of 
another word, I may call propriety,—that is, a reason, why 
the thing zs at all, and why it is t#eve or thex rather than 
elsewhere or at another time. 1859 Blackw. Mag. UXXXVI. 
242/2 The energic faculty that we call Will. 

+ Ene‘rgical, 2. Os. rare. [f. as ENERGIC a. 
+-AL.] =prec. 

1565 JeweL Def. Afol, (1611) 241 Your Figuratiue, Tropi- 
call, & Energicall Doctrine touching this blessed Sacrament. 
1653 WATERHOUSE Afol, Learn. 85 (T.) The learned and 

oderate .. confess our polity to be productive of more 
energical .. preachers than any church in Europe. 1720 
WELTON Suffer. Son of God VY. xii. 300 Whose Works of 
Penitence .. become Powerful and Energical to procure 
those Great and Extraordinary Graces. 

||Energico (engrdgzzko), adv. Music. [It] 
With energy. In mod. Dicts. 

+ Energing, Af/. a. Obs. rare—'. [Pf. *energe 
vb. (back-formation from Enrray) + -1nNG%.] 
? Powerfully acting. (But perh. misprint for 
EMERGING. ) 

1749 SmottetTT Regicide 1. vi. (1777) 15 To stifle and re- 
press Th’ energing dictates of my native right. 

Energist (enoidzist). ? sonce-wd. [f. ENERGY 
+-1st.] A writer who aims at ‘energy’ of style. 

1804 Edin. Rev. 11.349 Want of dignity in the mode of 
chastising the absurdities of the Energists. 

Energize (enoidzaiz), v. [f. ENERG-y + -178: 
cf, Fr. + énergiser (Boiste).] 

1. trans. a. To rouse into energy or activity, 
call into active operation. b. To infuse energy 
into, supply with energy. 

1753 Miss Cotter Art Torment. 136 From a desire of 
energizing this his [Jonathan’s] favourite affection. 1812 
G. Cuatmers Dom, Econ. Gt. Brit. Pref. 9 The office of 
Inspector-General was greatly improved, and energized, 
during the first administration of Mr. Pitt. 18753 M¢Laren 
Serm, Ser. 11. viii. 147 Faith will energize us for any sort of 
work, é i : 

2. intr. To be in active operation ; to put forth 
energy, exercise one’s powers. 

1752 Frecpinc Amelia x1. v. Wks. 1784 IX. 278 The same 
passion cannot much energize on two different objects at 
one and the same time. 1818-60 WHATELY Comi-pl. Bh. 
(1864) 23 In attending to an interesting play .. we can ener- 
gise without much fatigue. 1852 Sir W. Hamiton Discuss. 
39 We exist only as we energise. 1871 FRoupeE in Devon. 
Assoc. Trans. 1V. 20 We have no reason to believe that in 
the past condition of the earth..there were functions 
energizing of which we have no modern counterparts, 

Hence E-nergized //. a. 

1885 Mrs. Linton Chris. Kirkland 11.54 A huge cosmic 
joke and energized satire. 

Energizer (e‘noidgaizo1). [f. prec. + -ER.] 
He who orthat which energizes. (Used by Harris 
for: The agent of an action.) 

1750 Harris Hermes 1. ix. (1786) 174 Every Energy is 
necessarily situate between two Substantives, an Energizer 
which is active, and a Subject which is passive. Zdid. 175 
Brutus loved Portia. Here Brutus is the energizer; loved, 
the energy ; and Portia, the subject. 1882 W. B. WEEDEN 
Social Law Labor 28 He may be his .. own energizer. 


ENERGY. 


Energizing (e'no:dzoizin), v7. sd. [f. as prec. 
+-Incl] The action of the verb ENERGIZE. 

a. The action or process of awakening to energy 
or activity. b. The action of displaying energy ; 
energetic action. 

1851 /raser’s Mag. XIII. 323 The curbing of our mis- 
chievous propensities, and the energizing of our good ones. 
1854 Hickox Sc, Mind 241 A nisus, or energizing towards 
a presented object. 1862 GouLsurn Pers. Relig. iii. (1873) 
22 The fruits of the spirit .. are not the result of the ener- 
gizing of our own will, 

Evnergizing, #//.a. [f. as prec. + -InG2.] 
a. That supplies energy, or rouses into energy ; 
exciting, stimulating. b. That is in active opera- 
tion; that puts forth energy. 

1750 Harris Hermes 1. ix. (‘T.), As all energies are attri- 
butes, they have reference of course to certain energizing 
substances. 1786 Br, Horstey Ser. Sons of the Clergy 
(T.), To taste these nobler exercises of energising love. 
x8x1r Bussy in Byron's Waltz ii. note, When energising 
objects men pursue. 1849 Stoven /xtrod. Canne’s Necess. 
21 A practical and energizing spirit breathes through them 
all. 1862 Dana Jan. Geol. 743 The energizing light of 
the sun shining on the earth. 

Energumen (enaigiz‘mén). Also g (? Fr.) 
energumene. [ad. late L. enerodimenus, a. Gr. 
évepyovpev-os, pass. pple. of évepyéew to work in or 
upon, f. év in + épy-ov work: cf. Fr. exergumene, 
The Lat. pl. evergzmend sometimes occurs.] 

1. One that is wrought upon or possessed by a 
devil ; a demoniac. 

[1685 tr. Bergerac’s Satyr. Char. xiii. 59 If then this 
Energumenus, hath a thousand lengths and breadthes that 
are so many Crosses about her.] 1706 tr. Dupin's Eccl. 
Hist. 17th C. 1. v. 98 From Catechumens he passes to the 
Energumens. 1820 Scorr Adéot xxxii, If there was ever 
an /vergumene, or possessed demoniac .. there is a devil 
speaking with that woman’s tongue! 1855 SMEDLEY Occult 
Sc. 173 Such catechumens as were not at the same time 
energumens. 1863 Geo. Eviot Romola (1880) I. 1. v. 69 Of 
an energumen whose dwelling is among tombs. 

2. A ‘possessed’ person, an enthusiast, a fanatical 
devotee. Also attr7d, 

1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. 1. iii. (1852) 63 Quakers and 
Seekers, and other such Energumens. /é7d. ut. 1. xxvi. 
493 Theman..of anenergumen countenance. 1818 T. Jrr- 
FERSON Writ, IV. 451 When General Washington was 
withdrawn, the energumeni of royalism .. mounted on the 
car of State. 1860 Gen. P. THompson Andi Alt. III. civ. 
12 Suppose some ‘energumene’ were to make the declara- 
tion, etc, 1885 Morey in Jacw. Mag. Feb. 255/2 The 
seeming peril to which priceless moral elements of human 
character were exposed by the energumens of progress. 

Hence + Ene:rgume‘nical a. Ods., having the 
characteristics of a demoniac or ‘ possessed’ 
person. Energu’menist = ENERGUMEN I. 

1684 I, MATHER Remark, Provid. (1856) 121 Certain ar- 
guments of an energumenical person. 1646 GAULE Cases 
Consc. 37 The meerly Passive be simply deemoniacks, but 
not Energumenists. 

Energy (enerdzi). [ad. late L. exergia, Gr. 
évépyea, ft. évepyns, f. év + épyov work. Cf. Fr. 
énergie. Senses 1 and 2 belong to évépyera as used 
by Aristotle, whereas sense 5 answers to that of 
Gr. divayis.] 

1. With reference to speech or writing : Force or 
vigour of expression. 

[This sense (found in late L. and in Romanic) is originally 
derived from an imperfect understanding of Aristotle’s use 
of évépyeva (KR het. ul. xi. § 2) for the species of metaphor which 
calls up a mental picture of something ‘acting’ or moving. 
In mod. use it blends with 3.] 

[1581 Stpney Def Poesie (Arb.) 67 That same forciblenes, 
or Energia, (as the Greekes cal it) of the writer.] 1599 
THYNNE Axtmadv. 42 The frenche Hollybande, not vnder- 
standinge the true energye of our tongue. a 1696 HoLper 
(J.), When animated by elocution [Speech] acquires a greater 
life and energy. 1729 StackHousE Body Divin. ww. i. § 2 
These are all of them terms of a peculiar energy. 1845 
Wuatety Rhet. (1850) 203 The transposition of words 
which the ancient languages admit of, conduces, not merely 
to variety, but to Energy. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, 
Shaks. Wks, (Bohn) I. 357 The Liturgy, admired for its 
energy and pathos. 4 

+b. transf. Impressiveness (of an event). Obs. 

1764 Harmer Odserv. 1. 7 This thunder .. added con- 
siderably to the energy of this event [Saul’s inauguration]. 

2. Exercise of power, actual working, operation, 
activity; freq. in philosophical language. + For- 
merly also concr: The product of activity, an effect. 

@ 1626 Bacon (J.), They are not effective of any thing, nor 
leave no work behind them, but are energies merely. 1642 
H. More Song of Soul Gloss., Energie ..is the operation, 
efflux or activity of any being: as the light of the Sunne 
is the energie of the Sunne, and every phantasm of the 
soul is the energie of the soul. 1644-52 J. SmitH Sed. 
Disc. vt. v. (1821) 399 Their life is nothing else but a 
strong energy of fancy and opinion, 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. I. v. 87 The conceited remedy. .carryeth often 
the honour of the capitall energie, which had no finger in it. 
1744 Harris Three Treat. (1841) 18 Call every production, 
the parts of which exist successively..a motion or an energy : 
thus a tune and a dance are energies. 1798 Bay Amer. 
Law Rep. (1809) I. 23 Naturalization had a retrospective 
energy. 1833 I. Tayvtor Fanat. ii. 42 The transition of the 
passions from momentary energies to settled dispositions. 
1859 Sir W. Hamitton Lect. (877) II. xxi. 25 The faculty 
of which this act of revocation is the energy, I call the Re- 
productive. 


+b. Effectual operation ; efficacy. Obs, 


ENERTHAND. 


@1719 SMALRIDGE (J.), Beg the blessed Jesus to sive an 
to asi pra} 1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 
226 Blows ive more energy airy words. 

3. Vigour or intensity of action, utterance, etc. 
Hence as a personal quality: The capacity and 
habit of strenuous exertion. 

-10 CoLeripce Friend (1865) Fu To lose the general 
and ‘ing consequences of rare and virtuous energy. 1839 
TuirLwati Greece V. 110 The prudence and dis- 
played at this critical juncture by Agesilaus. 1841-4 Emer- 
son Ess. Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I, 93 The poet admires the 
man of energy and tactics. 1855 MacauLay Hist. Eng. 
III. 726 He took his measures with his usual energy and 
dexterity. 1856 Kane Avct. Expl. I. xi. 121 When the 
hatches were opened, the flame burst out with energy. 1856 
Froupve Hist. Eng. I. i. 7x Henry, with the full energy of 
his fiery nature, was flinging himself into a quarrel. 

4. Power actively and efficiently displayed or 
exerted. Sometimes in Z/. in same sense. : 

1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sct. xii. 66 If this motive Energie .. 
must be called Heat ..I contend not. 1813 Sir H. Davy 
Agric. Chem. (1814) 185 Soils .. which act with the greatest 
chemical energy in preserving Manures. 1849 Mrs. Somer- 
vite Connex. Phys. Sc. Introd. 2 Impress the mind with 
some notion of the energy that maintains them [the heavenly 
bodies] in their motions. /déd. iii. 15 The disturbing en 
of the planets. 1860 Tynpatt Giac. 1. § 7. 51 Struggle wit 
the slow energy of abehemoth. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 11. 
24 The anised snergion of two horses, two men, four wheels, 
and a plum-pudding carriage dog. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf 
Skirl. 11, 1 Throwing all their energies into worldly con- 
cerns. 

b. Z/. Individual powers in exercise ; activities. 

1742 Benttey (J.), How can concussion of atoms beget 
.. powers and energies that we feel in our minds? 1783 in 
Phil. Trans. LX XIII. 160 Nature unquestionably abounds 
with numberless unthought-of energies, and modes of work- 
ing. 180r Soutuey Tha/aba u1. xvi, There might his soul 
develope best Its arene | energies. 1849 Ruskin Sez. 
Lamps vii. 184 A measure of license is necessary to exhibit 
the individual energies of things. 1861 May Const. Hist. 
(1863) I. i. 6 The troublesome energies of Parliament. 

5. Power not necessarily manifested in action ; 
ability or capacity to produce an effect. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man.1.i. 26 We find in so small a 
TS of acreated Being this admirable energy. 1691 T. 

[ALE] Acc. New /nvent. p. xxiii, Some vain Authors have 
essayed in print to give reasons for such energy of that Fish. 
1732 ATTerBuRY Serm. IV. ix. (T.), Discoursing of the 
energy and power of church music. @1862 Bucktr Civiliz 
(1869) ILI. v. 420 An occult principle, which he termed the 
Animal Power or Energy of the brain. 1887 Lowett Democr. 
6 Institutions which could bear and breed such men as 

incoln and Emerson had surely some energy for good. 

6. Physics. The power of ‘ doing work’ possessed 
at any instant by a body or system of bodies. 
First used by Young (with reference to sense 4) 
to denote what is now called actual, kinetic, or 
motive energy, i.e. the power of doing work pos- 
sessed by a moving body by virtue of its motion. 
(Young expressed the quantity of ‘energy’ in‘a 
particle as the product of the mass into the square 
of the velocity; it is now found more convenient 
to express it as the /a/f of this product.) Now 
extended (first by Rankine) to include Zotential, 
static, or latent energy, or energy of position, i.e. 
the power of doing work possessed by a body in 
virtue of the stresses which result from its position 
relatively to other bodies. Also with adjs., mechan- 
ical, molecular, chemical, electrical energy, etc. 

Conservation of energy: the doctrine that the quantity of 
energy in any system of bodies cannot be increased or di- 
minished by any mutual action of those bodies, and that 
the total energy in the universe is a constant quantity. 

1807 T. Younc Nat. Philos, viii. (1845) I. 59 The term 
energy may be applied, with great gisele 4 to the product 
of the mass or weight of a body, into the square of the 
number expressing its velocity. 1 Tuomson in Philos. 
eae 304 (¢itde), Dissipation of Mechanical Energy. cn} 
W. Rankine Transform. Energy in Scient. Papers ch 
203 [Defines ‘ actual or sensible energy’, ‘ potential or latent 
energy’, ‘conservation of energy’]. 1863 Tynpat Heat i.§9 
Asserting that mechanical energy may be converted into heat. 
1876 M. Foster Physiol, 1. v. (1879) 420 The animal body 
is a machine for converting potential into actual energy. 
1878 Huxiey Physiogr. 199 But whether this is the sole 
source of volcanic energy or not is uncertain. 1 THom- 
son & Tart Nat. Phil. 1. 1. § 278 In every case in which 
energy is lost by resistance, heat is generated. 

+b. Suggested as a name for MOMENTUM. 

1808 Edin. Rev. X11. 130 This modification of power [that 
of a moving body, ‘proportional to the quantity of matter 
multiplied into the velocity") might be called Energy. 

ce. Veget. Phys. Energy a growth ; see quot. 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 821 If the power of any particular 
zone to attain a definite length is called its Energy of 
Growth, 

Enerthand, pr. pple. of Ennerp, Oés. 
Enervate (/nd‘1vet), a. Also 8 ennervate. [ad. 
L. énervat-us, pa. pple. of énervdre: see next. 

1. Wanting in strength of character; spiritless, 
unmanly, effeminate. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 11 They waxe carelesse, 
dissolute, and enervate. 1675 DrypeN Awrungs. u. i, The 
Dregs and a of enervate Love. 1749 J. WARTON 
Ode West's Pii art), Away, enervate bards, away. 1774 
Gotpsmitu Grec. History 1.176 We are to behold an en- 
nervate and factious lace. 1822 Worpsw. Zccl. Sonn. 
1. ix, Poet. Wks. IV. 201 The Pictish cloud darkens the 
enervate land By Rome abandoned. 1830 /raser’s Mag. 
I. 515 The enervate candidates for place and patronage. 


SS ee 


to 1st Sat. Persius( I. 51 Nor 
fines Seched no eortiee Rimes 


2. bye oe bodily stienath or physical power. 


Li My cold enervate 
dyss. 1. i. 335 hos § 


enervate, rise. 1849 Lytton Cartons u. lvi, The enervate 
slightness of his frail form. 
. Bot. Having no rib or nerve; ribless. 


Enervate (e‘naiveit), v. [f. L. gervat- ppl. 
stem of Znervadre to extract the sinews of, 
weaken, f. 2 out + mervus sinew (see NERVE sé.). 
The later use is influenced by the mod. sense of 
nerve. Cf. ENERVE 2. 

(In 17-18th c. the accentuation was usually ene*rvate.)] 

+1. ‘vans. To cut the tendons of; chiefly spec. 
to hamstring, hongh (a horse). Also (see quot. 
1751.) Obs. 

1638 Featiy Transubst. Exploded 183 You cut your selfe 
in the hammes, and enervate your maine argument. 1656 
Biount Glossogr., Enervate .. to cut off sinews. 1702 Br. 
Patrick Comm. ¥osh. xi. 9 They were wont thus to ener- 
vate all the horses they found in the king’s stables after his 
death. 1751 CHAmBers Cyc/. s.v., Cutting two tendons on 
the side of a horse’s head .. they thus enervate horses, to 
make their heads small and lean. 

+2. To emasculate. Ods. rare—}. 

1610 J. H[eacey) tr. Augustine's City of God vu. xxiv. 
285 If earth were held no goddesse, men would.. not [lay 
their hands] upon themselves, to enervate themselues for her. 

3. To weaken physically (a person or animal) ; 
now only of agencies that impair nervous ‘ tone’, 
as luxury, indolence, hot or malarious climates. 

a 1668 Denuam Of Old Age ii. (R.), I feel no weakness, nor 
hath length Of winters quite enervated my strength. 1757 
Dyer Fleece 1. (R.), No. .myrtle bowers, The vigorous frame 
.-of man Enervate. 1781 Gipson Decl. §& F. (1869) II. xlii. 
559 The conquerors were enervated by luxury. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. II. 303, 1, therefore, the King of Poland, 
enervated by age. 1805 Newson Le?. 1 Oct. in A. Duncan 
Life (1806) 243, I have had .. one of my .. spasms, which 
has almost enervated me. 1855-60 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea 
iii. § 184 Their crews enervated in tropical climates. _ 

+b. To impair the strength of (inanimate 
things). Obs. 

1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 69 Chapels, Churches, 
Monuments. .it..flaked and enervated. 

4. To weaken mentally or morally; to destroy 
the capacity of (a person, a community, etc.) for 
vigorous effort of intellect or will. Said esp. of 
the effects of luxury or sloth. Also, to destroy 
or impair the vigour of (sentiments, expressions, 
etc.). 

1614 Raveicu //ist. World mm, 64 Luxury, wherewith 
most Empires that ever were, have beene enervated. 1625 
Donne Serm. xvi. 665 God shall. .enfeeble and enervate. . 
that Constancy. 1652 Br. Patrick Fun, Serm. in ¥. Smith's 
Sel. Disc. 555 Do not..enervate your souls by idleness. 
1697 DrypDEN Virg. Georg. Iv. 2 o Lust enervates their 
Heroick Mind. 1753 Hanway 7rav. (1762) I. 1. xxviii. 118 
uf imputing vice to nature .. we enervate that detestation 
which arises .. upon the mention of those things which we 
denominate unnatural. 1868 M. Parrison Academ. Org. 
§ 5.149 The tendency of abstract thought .. to enervate the 
will is one of the real dangers of the highest education. 

+ 5. To destroy the force of (arguments, testi- 
mony, etc.) ; to destroy the grounds of (a doctrine, 
an opinion); to render ineffectual (a law, an 
authority, an opponent's efforts, etc.). Ods. Some- 
times expanded into 70 enervate the force of. 

1610 Donne Pseudo-Martyr 271 Because the Glosse is 
now by some thought to be of equal Authoritie with the 
Text it is not an inconvenient way to enervate 
Acts Durham High Com. Crt. (1857) 99 To enervaite the 
testimony of the wittnesses. AsHweEtL Fides Afost. 
271, I..have enervated most of those Arguments, which I 


have found brought against either. 1672 Newron in Rigaud 
Corr. Sci. Men (843) II. 318 So acute an objector hath said 
nothing that can enervate any part of it tiny discourse]. 


@ 1674 CLARENDON Surv. Leviath, (1676) 108 A. . Prince, who 

hath not enervated those Machinations. 1 Ecuarp 

Eccl, Hist. Wy hed 538 He might .. enervate the force and 
1 


vigour of all divine injunctions. @1718 Penn Wks, (1726) 
I. 452 Something that can resolve its Dou answer its 
re) Sections, enervate its Propositions. 1765 BLACKSTONE 
Comm. 1. 417 In the next year..this wise ision was 


enervated, by only, etc. 1836 J. Giserr Chr. A tonem. iii. 
(1852) 82 Enervate the force of legislative sanctions. 
+b. To disparage the power or value of (some- 

_— Obs. 
ax619 Donne Brafavaros (1644) 207 To enervate and 

ime .. that rep which is ad d for sufficient in 
the Romane Church. 1655-60 Stantey /ist. Philos. (1701) 
216/1 Not that..he [Zeno] did enervate Vertue. 

Enervated (enaive'téd), f/. a. [f. ENERVATR 
v.+-ED1,] That is deprived ofnerve and strength; 
Zit. and fig.; effeminate, weakly. 

1660 Jer. Tayvtor Duct, Dubdit. 1. iv. Wks. IX, 162 The 
gods which they eng ge ay! those enervated demons. 

rE (J), 


@1735 Arsutunor & ; ir enervated lords are 
softs lollin in their chariots. 1841 Emerson Addr., Man 
the Ref. (Bohn) II. 241 


e enervated and sickly 
habits of the literary class. 


E-nervating, 2d/. sd. [f. as prec. + -1ne1, 

The action of the verb Evenvae. (it. and fig. ’ 
a Surv. Leviath. (1676) pote emeng 

towards the enervating high 


pre- 
tences, 1751 CHameers Cyci., Enervating, the act of 
ing the office, of the nerve: 


destroying nerves, 

(enaive'tin), fp/. a. [f. EnEr- 
VATE v.+-ING2,] That enervates, in the various 
senses of the verb. 


1821 Byron Cain u. i. 57.A most enervating and filthy 
cheat. 1850 Prescorr Peru II. 12 The enervating influence 
ye ag Nene (1870 Lowett Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. 
pow The enervating incense that women are only too 

Enervation (enaivéi-fon). [ad. late L. anervd- 
tion-em, {. énervare (see ENERVATE V.).] 

+1. = L. enervatio, used as transl. of Gr. dzo- 
vevpwors in transl. Galen De Loc. Aff i. 6 (see 
quot. 1751). Obs. 


recti of the abd --are by several nervous 
places, called by the antients, enervations ; though they be 
real tendons. = 

2. The action of enervating; the state of being 
enervated : see ENERVATE v. 

c1sss_ Harpsrie.p Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 219 The 
enervation and evasion of her adversaries intention. 1 
Bacon Coulers Good & Evill i. (Arb.) 140 This cctiner 
melioritie and preheminence is oft a signe of enervation and 
weakenesse. 1639 Cape Serm. Necess. for these Times 
App. 36 An enervation or dissolution of good laws. 1660 
R. Coxe Power & Subj. To the final destruction and 
enervation of the Estates of the same Incumbents. @ 
Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 485 An Enervation of the Ro- 
manist’s Faith. Grote Greece VI. u. xlvii. 25 A 
love for knowledge without enervation of character. 1850 
Kincstey Alt. Locke xiv. (1879) 177 The luscious softness 
of the Italian airs overeame me with a delicious enervation. 

E-nervative, a. vave—°.  [f. ENERVATE v. + 
-IVE.] Tending to enervate. 

1864 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 

Enervator (e‘nziveite1). [as if a. L. *2mer- 
vator, agent-n. f, énervdre to ENERVATE.] He 
who or that which enervates. 

1840 Tuackeray Paris Sk. Bk. Wks. 1879 XVI. 84 Calling 


| our darling romances foolish. .enervators of intellect. 


+ Enerve, «. Obs. rare—'. [Pad. L. énerv-is 
nerveless; but the sense is obscure.] 

a1g21 Prol. to Helyas in Thoms £. £. Prose Romances 
III. 16 Wythout hygh style and enerve ber I have al 
onely folowed mine auctour as nyehe as I coulde. 

+ Enevrve, v. Ods. [ad. Fr. énerver, ad. L. 
énervare: see ENERVATE v.] = ENERVATE v. in 
various senses. Hence Ene‘rved, Ene‘rving //. 
adjs. 

- Zoucn Dove 28 Like feeble Miloes armes eneru’d, 
and dead. 1644 Hammonp Loyal Convert 9 [Their] effem- 
inacies have enerv'd the strength of their ining King- 
doms. a 1648 Dicsy Lett. conc. Relig. ii. (1651) 18 A fore- 
laid designe to enerve ir authority. 1649 G. DanieL 
Trinarch., Hen. IV, ccvi, Unsteddy doctrines, which at- 
tend Ennerved minds. ¢ 1680 Eart t Antig. C Zt 


(R.), Age has enerv’d her charms. 1727 ArsuTHNoT Coii 
| Ded., Ri ‘Arms, that snatch'd the Spoil 


.. Enerv'd those 
1795-9 R. Lovett & Soutney Poems 109 Beware 
Wesster. 1847 in 


before. 
Luxury’s enerving snare. 1828 in 
Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 
+Enervity. 0s. rare—°._ [as if ad. L. *én- 
ervitas, f. enervis nerveless, f. 2 out + mervus 
nerve.) The condition of being nerveless. 
in Biount Glossogr. f 

+ Ene‘rvous, 2. Ods. rare. [f. L. enerv-is (see 
prec.) + — Bereft of nerve and strength ; 
pyre futile, spiritless. (Used several times 

y R. North.) 

1677 I. L. & S. D. Ded. to Cleveland's Poems A iiijb, We 
have only an enervous effeminate froth offered. a 1734 
Nortu Zxam. 1. iii. P 93 (1740) 188 After the Plot became 
enervous, and all farther Use of it was despaired of. 

+ Evnes, adv. Ols. Forms: 2-3 @nes, enes, 
Orm. seness, as ens, 3 eanes,) 4-5 enis, -us, 
-ys). [Early ME. wnes, enes, var. of OE. dues 
once, assimilated to &ne, Evr.] 

1. Once, on one occasion. 

1154 O. E. Chron, an. 1120 Dises Zeares com pet leoht to 
Se Domini innan Jerusalem wie coe to Eas- 
tron and odre side to Assumptio sancte Marie, cx 
Lamb. Hom. 37 Uwilc mon scal beon twizen awesscen 
his sunne, enes et fulhtbeda. .oder side. .et sod scrifte. 
a 1200 Moral Ode 93 in E. £. P. 28 Enes drihte helle brac. 
Acon Poe ve is8se) At the lest pote a sa. a 

‘Oems (1 
Tommie Myst. 187, ga the that thou wold kys me 


“2. At any one time, either past, 

future; esp. to mark the completion of an action ; 
at some time or other, formerly; once upon a 
time. 


c 
soun walde he him gife. ste tar gh Caton 
thi come aoumncle se is sale enys. xTON G. 
Ton ee me othe ween thee ashe e truli loued. 


ENEST. 


x Boorve /utrod. Knowd. xxxiii. 2, I was borne in 
Bion ; ens English I was. ? 

3. At enes, at one and the same time; = AT 
ONCE 3. 

a 1225 Ancr. R, 420 Ne ne nime, et enes, to ueole disce- 
plines. f Sadat i “4 

[Mnest, misreading in Cursor Mundi for Evzsr, 
malice, q.v.] 

Enetide, obs. form of EvENTIDE. 

Eneuch, eneugh, Sc. form of EnoucH. 

+Enew’, v. Ots. Forms: 5 ennewe, 7 in- 
eaw, 6-7 enew. [ad. OF. enewer, eneauer, f. 
en in (see EN-1) + eave water.] 

trans, Of a hawk: To drive (a fowl) into the 
water. 7efl. Of a fowl: To plunge in the water. 
(In Shaks. spelt emmew, either by confusion with 
emmew ENMEW, or merely by a misprint.) 

1486 Bk, St, Albans Dija, Yowre hawke hath ennewed 
the fowle in to the ryuer. 1575 Turperv. Bk. Kalconrie 150 
If your falcon do stoupe them and enewe them once or 
twice. 1603 SHaxs. Meas. for M, 1. i. 91 This outward- 
sainted Deputie Whose .. deliberate word .. follies doth 
emmew, As Falcon doth the Fowle. 1611 MARKHAM Countr. 
Content. 1. v. (1668) 32 Let her enew the fowl so long till 
she bring it to the plunge. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xx, 
Themselves for very fear they instantly ineaw. 

Enew, obs. and dial. form of Enow. 

Enew, var. of Ennew v.! and 2, Obs. 

Enewre, obs. var. of INuRE. 

Enexorable, obs. form of INEXORABLE, 

Eneye, var. of INEYE v. Oés. to inoculate. 

Enface (enféi's), v. [f. Ex-1+ Face sé., on the 
analogy of EnporsE.] ¢vans. To write, print, or 
stamp a form of words upon the face of (a bill, 
etc.). Also, Zo enface (words) won. Hence 
Enfa‘ced ff/.a. Also Enfa‘cement, what is 
written or printed upon the face of a bill or note. 

1861 Zimes 20 Mar. 6/4 With a memorandum enfaced, as 
the term was, upon them to the following effect ‘ Interest 
payable in London by draught on Calcutta’, 1869 Daily 
News 14 Dec., ‘Enfaced’ rupee paper, 924. 1886 Blackw. 
Mag. Sept. 342/1 Identified by a parcel area and reference 
number both enfaced on the map itself. 1861 Times 20 
Mar. 6/4, 6,000,000/. [of these notes] bore the simple enface- 
ment ‘ Interest payable in London by draught in Calcutta’. 

+ Enfai-mle, v. Obs. rare—*'. [obscurely f. En-1 
+ OF. faim hunger, or some derivative of that 
word.] ?2¢r. To suffer from famine (or possibly 
trans., to starve). 
c1475 Partenay 1300 A myghty towne. . Which, enfaimling 
[Fr. afamee], Almoste gan purchace The soudan bigly the 
town seging. 

Enfain: see En- pref) 2, 

+Enfa'me. Os. rare. [a. OF. tnfame, en- 

Same, ad. L. infémia Invamy.] = Invamy. 

cx1go0o Test. Love 1. in Chaucer’s Wks. (1561) 291 The 

ople wol lye & bringe aboute soche enfame. /d/d. 292 
oe men there been that their owne enfame can none 
otherwise voide, or els excuse, but be hindoring of other 
mennes fame, 

Enfame, obs. form of INFAME. 

+Enfa’mine, s/. Obs, [f. next vb.] Famine, 
starvation. 

¢ 1450 Loneticu Grail xii. 352 [The castle] myhte neuere 
i-wonné be But only thorwgh enfamyne. 

+Enfa‘mine, v. Ods, Also 4-5 enfamyne, 
[f. Ex-1+ FaMIne.] 

1. intr. To perish by famine. 

c31325 E. E, Allit. P. B. 1194 Faste fayled hem pe fode, 
.enfaminied monie, 

2. trans. To cause to suffer famine; to starve. 
Also fig. 

138. Wycur Wes. (1880) 150 Pes ben euele fadris bat pus 
cruelly enfamynen here sugetis soulis. ¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas 
UL, xxiv. (1554) 60b, When men enfamined haue nether grein 
ne bred. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. clxxi, Within the first 
yere he had enfamyned the londe. 

+ Enfa‘mish, v. Ods. Forms: 5 enfamych, 
-yssh. [Altered form of AFFAMISH; see En- 
pref] trans, To famish, starve. 

¢1400 Sowdone Bab. 2141 Thay shalle enfamyched be. 
@ 1400-50 Alexander 2153 (Dubl. MS.) Thare negh was fey 
for defaute enfamyshyd [Ashmole, enfamyschist] hys oste. 
x49 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W.de W. 1495) ul. xxxv. 327 b/1, 
They sawe that they were enfamysshed. 1766-1800 in 

Baitey. 1828 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 
+Enfa‘mishment. Ods. rave, [f. ENFAMISH 
v.+-MENT.] The action of starving to death. 
161r Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xiv. §19 So exquisite a 
barbarisme, as Richards enfamishment. 


nfamous: see En- prefix! 2. 

+Enfa'ntement. Ods. vave—'. [a. Fr. en- 
Santement child-bearing, f. enfanter to bear a child.] 
Offspring. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 260/3 Where thou arte thenfante- 
mente or fruyte of my wombe. 

+ Enfarrce, v. Olds. Also 5 enfarse, 6-7 in- 
farce, -se. [a. F. enfarc-ir, ad. L. infarcire.] 

1. To stuff a. (a sucking pig, etc.) with force- 
meat ; b. (the belly, oneself) with food. 

¢1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 36 Put alle in body of po 
ese, Rost hit on broche of irne bygge Entarsed, 154: 

ECON New Year's Gift Wks. (1843) 322 How doth the 
glutton .. enfarce it [his belly] with all kind of dainties ! 

Vou, III. 


169 


1574 Newton Health Mag. 12 If the partie .. have not 
longe afore enfarced himselfe with plentie of meate. 

2. transf. and jig. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. iii, (1883) I. 27 Redynge this warke, 
infarced througly with suche histories and sentences. /é/d. 
u. vi. II. 55 A man.. by furie chaunged in to an horrible 
figure, his face infarced with rancour. 1533 — Cast. Helthe 
m1. i. (1541) 53 b, The body is infarced eyther with choler, 
eure or blacke, or with fleume. 1542 BEcon Pofat. Lent 

ks. 1564 I. 35b, Souls, replenished and enfarsed with 
celestiall meate. 1543 Grarron Contin. Harding 528 Let- 
ters enfarced and replenysshed with all humanytee. 

3. To stuff (something) 7/0. Also fig. (con- 
temptuously) to interpolate. 

1564 Brief Exam. *iiij b, Ye woulde not be so busie to in- 
farce in your bookes the reproche of these men. 1566 Drant 
Horace a iv. b, Thauthors must be full Of fostred arte, 
infarst in ballasde breste. 1578 BanisTER //ist, Man 1. 13 
This neither iawe .. hath on eche side propper cauities with 
marey infarced. 1601 Hottanp Pliny xxxv. xiv, The earth 
thus infarced [between planks] continueth a world of yeres. 
1623 Liste 4/fric on O. & N. T. Pref. 5 The Latin Copy- 
clarke. .hath enfarced these words, Quamvis ipse, etc. 1624 
F.Wuite Refi. Fisher Pref. 8 He. .infarceth here a rapsodie. 

Hence Enfa‘reing vé/. sd. 

1623 Liste Uric on O. & N. T. Pref., By the infarcing 
afterward of these Epistles .. into their bookes of Canons. 

Enfasten: see En- pref.) 3. 

+ Enfa't, v. Ols. Also 4 infat. [f. En-1, IN- + 
Fata.) trans. To fatten; fig. to make gross. 

1382 Wyciir Jatt. xiii. 15 The herte of this peple is en- 
fattid. — Acts xxviii. 27 The herte of this puple is infattid 
[Vulg. zxcrassatus]. 

Enfatuate, obs. form of INFATUATE a. and v. 

+ Enfauwnce. 0Ods. rare—', [a. OF. enfaunce, 
Fr. enfance.}_ Childhood. 

c1400 Row, Rose 4288 The which devel in hir enfaunce 
Hadde lerned of Loves arte. 


+ Enfawnt, sb. Obs. rare—'. [a. OF. enfaunt 
(Fr. enfant). Cf. Inrant.] A child, a young 
person. 

c1450 Bk. Curtasye 644 in Babees Bh. 141 Vf that pou be 
a 30ng enfaunt, And thenke po scoles for to haunt. 

+ Enfauw'nt, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. OF. enfaunt- 
er (Fr. enfant-er), in same sense. Cf. INFANT v.] 
trans. To bear (a child). 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 128/2 The place in whych the 
vyrgyne marye enfaunted and childed Jhesu cryst. 

Enfavour: see En-1 pref! 2. 

Enfear, Enfeature: see En- pref:! 2 and 1a. 

Enfect, obs. form of INFEcT a. and v. 

Enfeeble (enfi'b’l), v. Forms: a. 4 enfebil, 
4-5 enfeble, 6 enfeable, -febel, 7— enfeeble. 
B. 6-7 infeeble. [a. OF. enfedl-ir, f. en- (see 
En-1) + feble Feesue. Cf. AFFEEBLE.] /rams. 
To make feeble, weaken. 

a, a@1340 Hampo.e Psalter xxvi. 4 Pei pat angirs me 
vnskylwysly are sekyd that is enfebild. 14853 Caxton S7¢. 
Wenefr. 12 She was enfeblyd with ouermoche payne. 1533 
More Afology xxvii. Wks. 892/1 They both enfeable and 
also dishonour the realme. 1600 Haktuyt Voy, (1810) III. 
203 He was enfeebled of abilitie. 1764 Gotpsm. Trav. 270 
Praise .. Enfeebles all internal strength of thought. 1860 
TynpDALt Glac. 1. § 20. 142 The [magnetic] action was greatly 
enfeebled, 1872 Yeats Growth Commi. 293 England was 
enfeebled..by the Wars of the Roses. 

. 1576 FLeminc Panoplie Ep. 79 Your owne health .. is 
much infeebled. 1614 RateicH Hist. World 11. 441 With 
intent to infeeble them for want of water. 1667 MiLton 
P. L.1x. 488 So much hath .. paine Infeebled me. 


Enfeebled (enfi‘b’ld), //.a. [f. ENFEEBLE v. 
+-ED1.] Made feeble, weakened. 

1649 G. DanieL Trinarch., Hen. V, clxxiv, Let his en- 
feebled Temples, for one Night Beat orderlie. 1746-7 
Hervey Medit. (1818) 150 To invigorate the enfeebled 
knees. a@1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 287 Emotions too 
violent to be borne by an enfeebled body and mind. 


Enfeeblement (enf7b’Imént). [f. ENrreBie 
v.+-MENT.] The action or process of enfeebling ; 
the state of being enfeebled. 

1667 H. More Div. Dial. u. xxiii. (1713) 163 The great.. 
Enfeeblements of Mind and Body. 1805 Month. Mag. 
XIX. 327 The enfeeblement, or smothering of his argument. 
1861 Mitt U7ilit. ii. 33 The enfeeblement of the feeling of 
veracity is one of the most hurtful things to which our con- 
duct can be instrumental. 1869 SreLey Lect. §& Ess. ii. 54 
The enfeeblement produced by the .. introduction of civili- 
sation. 

Enfee'bler. vave. [f. as prec. +-ER.] One 
who or something which enfeebles. 

1609 Man in Moone (1849) 12 He is his own strengths en- 
feebler. 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine Dr. (1876) 16 Lust .. 
the azure infeebler of the braine. 1724 A. Puitips Ode Sig- 
nora Cuzzino 6 Sweet enfeebler of the heart ! 

Enfee’bling, v/. sb. [f. as prec, + -1nc1.] 
The action of the vb. ENFEEBLE. 

1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 4 Preamb., The great hurte 
and enfebelyng of this Realme. 1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, 
c. 16 A great enfeblyng of the kinges saide subiectes. 1705, 
Srannore Paraphr. III. 567 Those Parts .. which Nature 
hath left liable. .to great enfeeblings. 

Enfeebling (enfrblin), #//. a. [f. ENFEEBLE v, 
+-1nG2.] That enfeebles. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie u. vii. 206 Infeebling ryot. 
a1661 Horypay ¥xvenal 216 Passion .. does in a trice By 
th’ ear and eie admit infeebling vice. 1838-9 HaLtam His¢. 
Lit. 11. u. v. § 85. 236 The enfeebling expletives ‘do’ and 
‘did’. 1887 Spectator 1 Oct. 1300 England survives all 
things, even. her own enfeebling tolerances. 


ENFEOFFMENT. 


+ Enfee‘blish, v. Os. Forms: 4 enfebl- 
esch, -ish, 5 -yssh, 6-7 enfeeblish. [a. OF. 
enfebliss-, lengthened stem of enfeblir: see En- 
FEEBLE.] a. zvtr. To become or grow feeble. 
b. trans. To make feeble, enfeeble. 

1382 Wyciir £x, xxii. 14 Who of his neiz3bore eny thing 
of thes askith to borwe, and it were enfeblished or deed.. 
he shal be compellid to 3eeld. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2484 
The Fraunche-mene enfeblesches, ne farly me thynkkys ! 
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) m1. xliii. 329 b/r, 
He was thus enfeblysshed in his membres. 1576 Newton 
Lemnie’s Complex, (1633) 131 Manly strength, by immode- 
rate heat, is resolved and enfeeblished. 

Hence + Enfee‘blishing v/. si. 

1626 W. Sciater Exfos. 2 Thess. (1629) 91 Vndergoing so 
many, so continuall mutations, and .. enfeeblishings. 

Gy meine te ieee v. Obs. [f. EN-1+ FELLOw- 
sup.] a. ¢vans, To join in fellowship. b. 7/7. 
To enter into fellowship. 

1470-85 Matory Arthur vit. xxvii. 315, I wille see sir 
launcelot and enfelaushippe me with hym. dd. 1x. xix. 
367 And they enfelaushypped to gyder. 1553 GrimaLpr 
Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 25 When good men alike in condi- 
cions be enfelowshipt in familiaritie together. 

+ Enfe‘lon, v. Obs. or arch. [ad. OF. enfelon- 
ner, f. en- (see En-1) + felon furious.] trans. To 
make fnrious, infuriate, Hence Enfe‘loned /f/, a. 

1475 Caxton Yasonz 101 b, Anon as the monstre had apper- 
ceyued Jason he enfelonned him self. 1596 Spenser /. Q, 
V. vill. 48 Like one enfelon’d or distraught. 1864 Sir K. 
James Tasso x. lii, With a less wicked and enfeloned brow. 

Enfence, obs. form of INFENCE. 

Enfeoff (enfe'f), v. Forms: a. 5 enfeffe, en- 
fefe, 6 enfeoffe, 5- enfeoff. Also 5 enfeffee. 
B. 5-7 infeof(f, 6 infeffe, 7 infeft. Also 6 in- 
feoffee. See also Enrier. [a. OF. enfeffer, enfieffer 
(AF, enfeoffer), f. en- (see En-!)+ fef Frer. In 
Anglo-Lat. zx/coffire.] 

1. “rans, To invest with a fief; to put (a person) 
in possession of the fee-simple or fee-tail of lands, 
tenements, ete. Also adso/. Const. 2, of, +07, 
later with ; also stnply. 

a, 1400-50 Alerander 2793 [Alexander] enfeffid baim 
belyue, In palais, in prouince, in principall regnes. 1411 Sir 
‘T. Lancerorpin &. £, W7dls (1882) 18 Y pray alle 30w pat 
bene enfeffeed in my londes..pat 3e fulfylle my forseyd 
wylle. 1426 E. &. Wills (1882) 71 Pay wolde enfeffe 
Philippe Dene on vj marces of rente. 1467 J/ann. & Househ. 
Exp.172 Karoweand I withe oder waren enfefed in a howese 
and land. 1531 Dial. Laws Eng, WW. xvi. (1638) 86 The 
grantor enfeoffeth the grantee of one of the said acres. 1590 
Greene Fr. Bacon x. 14, I will enfeoff fair Margaret in all. 
1611 Speep Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. (1632) 614 The Scottish 
King claimed that Country from King John, who by his 
deed enfeoffed him thereof. 1655 FULLER Ch. Hist. mi. vi. 
$13 We..shall take such tenements into our hand, and 
shall enfeoffe others therein. 1785 Burke SP. Nabob Arcot's 
Debts Wks. IV. 308 A criminal .. is.. enfeoffed with an 
estate. 1818 Cruise Digest I. 43 If the lord enfeoffs another 
of the tenancy, this makes the land frank fee. a@1845 Bar- 
HAM Jngol. Leg. (1877) 337 The veteran was enfeoffed in the 
lands and Manor. 1876 Bancrort //7st. U.S. 1. xiii. 433 
Charles II .. enfeoffed his brother, the Duke of York, with 
the counties between Pemaquid and the St. Croix. 

B. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 12. § 5 Tenementes whereof 
they by this Acte be infeoffed. 1590 H. Swinpurne Treat. 
Test. 93 If a man seased of lande in fee doe infeoffee a 
straunger. 1592 NASHE P. Penzlesse (ed. 2) 33 b, The sonne 
seeks the death of the father, that he may be infeoffed in 
his wealth. 1628 Coke Ox Litt. 42 b, Whosoeuer is disabled 
by the Common Law to take, is disabled to infeoffe. 1640 
Canterburians Self-Conviction 99 They set up a rubricke, 
feafing and infefling the officiating Priest in the halfe of all 
the oblations. 1662 Futter Worthies Westmorl. m1. 141 
Richard Gilpin .. was infeoffed .. in the Lordship of Kent- 
mire-hall by the Baron of Kendal. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. 
III. 566 He should infeofe her in a jointure of 40,000 crowns 
a year out of the dutchy of Berry. 

b. transf. and fig. 

a. 1407 Will. Thorpe's Exam. in Arb. Garner VI. 57 
This office that ye would now enfeoff me with. 1460 Po/. 
Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 64 For strengthe, ner force, may nat 
atteyne certaynea wille pat stant enfeffyd in Fraunchise. 
1593 Nasue Christ's J. (1613) 179 The Fathers of our 
earthly bodies .. cannot ..enfeofe vs in glory perpetuall. 
1638 Penit. Conf. viii. (1657) 247 The commodity is yours, 
for whose good we are enfeoffed with this power. 1834 H. 
Mutter Scenes § Leg. xvii.(1857) 251 The fish in which they 
had enfeoffed themselves at the expense of Nannie Fizzle. 

B. @ 1626 Br. ANDREWES Sermt. (1886) I. 43 To set before 
us this flesh ; and..to infeoffe us in it. 1684 CHarNock 
Attrib. God (1834) II. 431 Infeoffing them in a land flowing 
with milk and honey. 

2. To hand over as a fief; to surrender, give up 
entirely. fig. ae: 

1596 SHaks. 1 Hen, JV, ut, ii. 69 The skipping King.. 
Enfeoff'd himselfe to Popularitie. 1610 H/istrio-m. v. 251 
Hee that is most infeoft to Tyrannie. 1833 H. CoLeripce 
Poems 1. 46 The choicest terms are now enfeoff’d to folly. 
1880 Brackmore Mary Anerley I. ii. 12 The weak lot 
which is enfeoffed to popularity. : 

+ Enfeoffee’. Ods. In 5 enfeffe. [a. pa. pple. 
of AF. enfeoffer: see -EE.] One who is enfeoffed. 

1424 R. Fiore in £. £. Wills (1882) 61, I wul bat my 
said enfeffez make astate berof to my said son Thomas. 

Enfeoffment (enfe‘fmént). Also 5 enfeft-, 
6 infeoff-, 8 enfeofment. [f. ENFEOFF +-MENT.] 
a. The action of enfeoffing. b. The deed or instru- 
ment by which a person is enfeoffed. e. The fief 
or estate, in quot fig. d. The possession of a fief. 


“a 


ENFER, 


1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 112 For the in paradyse 
lordeynnyd A pions : fulle Ryche was thyn enfeftment. 1597 
Daniet Civ. Wares vu. Ixxxii, The King, as husband to 
the crown, doth by The wifes infeoffment hold. 1614 SeL- 
vEN Titles Hon, 190 By their Charters, Enfeoffments, and 
Testaments recorded in old storie. 1 tr. Busching’s 
Syst. Geog. V1. 166 Otho..invested the of Stolberg 
and Schwarzburg with the joint enfeoffment of it. 1769 
Rosertson Chas. V, ILI. vu. 54 The Spanish ambassador 
would not be present at the solemnity of his enfeofment. 
1839 KeicutLey Hist. Eng. 1, 238 That an enfeoffment to 
that effect might be executed. 

r, rre, obs. forms of INFER. 

+ Enfe'rme, v. Os. rare—'. [ad. F. enferme-r 
to shut up.] ¢rans. To shut up, enclose. 

1481 Caxton Myr. u. xviii. 104 That whiche is enfermed 
and closed in the erthe is helle. F 

+Enfe'rmer. Os. [a. OF. enfermier :—late 
L. infirmarius.] The superintendent of a (mo- 
nastic) infirmary; see INFIRMARER. 

¢1325 Metr. Hom. 29 A blak munk of an abbaye was 
enfermer of all. 

Enfermerere, var. of INFIRMARER, Ods. 

Enfermi: see ENFIRM. 

Enfertile, Enfertilize: see En- pref 2, 3. 

+ Enfe'sted, 7//. a. Obs. rare—*. [? for *7n- 
fested, £. INFEST? a. bitterly hostile + -ED1} or error 
for enfestered.] Embittered. 

1591 SPENSER Muiopotmos 354 That olde Enfested grudge. 

nfester : see En- pref.) 3. 

Enfetter (enfe'ta1), v. Also 7 infetter. [f. 
En-1! + Ferrer sé.] trans. To put into fetters, 
“it. and fig.; also, to enslave /o. 

1604 SHaks. Oth. u. iii. 351 His Soule is so enfetter’d to 
her Loue. 1611 Speep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. (1632) 581 
Those seruitudes wherewith. .they were supposed to_ be 
enfettered, 1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. v. 75 Like a Ser- 
pent by an Eagle truss’t ; Which to his head and feet, infet- 
tered, clings. 1637 Bastwick Litany 1. 4 They haue the 
keys .. of all the prisons .. to infetter any at their beck. 
1860 C. Lancster Hesperus, etc. 186 Love should be en- 
fettered, hand and foot, For the long zon of a human year, 

Enfeud, obs. form of INFEUD. 

Enfever (enf7-va1), v. [f. En-1+FEvER 56.] 
trans. To throw into a fever; fig. to exasperate, 
incense. Hence Enfe-vering /#/. a. 

1799 SewarD Horace’s Odes 1.i., To blend the enfevering 
draught with its pellucid waves. 1647 Evetyn Mem, (1857) 
ILI. 6 To enfever the people against him [the King]. 

Enfief (enfi-f), v. rave. [f. En-1 + Frer.] = En- 
FEOFF. 

1861 A. B. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. 153 Enfiefed with 
spacious places of worship..by Constantine. 1882 W. B. 
WeebEN Soc, Law L. 169 The privileges were all enfiefed. 

Enfield (e:nfzld). 
Middlesex, near which the Government has a 
manufactory of small arms. Used a¢tvtb. with 
various military terms, as in a rifle, etc. 

1858 GREENER Gunnery 377 The length of the Enfield 
bullet is % inch. 1858 Beveripce Hist. /ndia ILI. 1x. iv. 
633 One hundred Enfield riflemen of the 64th. Jdid. 
Covered at discretion by Enfield skirmishers. /did. 634 
The power of the Enfield rifle in British hands. 

Enfierce, Enfigure: see En- pref} 2 and 1b, 

Enfilade (enfilz'd), sd. [a. Fr. enfilade, f. 
enfiler to thread on a string, hence to pierce or 
traverse from end to end, f. en- (see En- pref.1) 
+ fil thread.] 

+1. A suite of apartments, whose doorways are 
placed opposite to each other. Hence in phrase, 
Jn enfilade. Also applied to a long ‘vista’, as 
between rows of trees, etc. Ods. 

1705-30 S. Gate in Nichols Brb/. Topogr. Brit. U1. 41 
Rooms which. .are placed in enfilade. 1727 Braptey Fa, 
Dict. s.v. Garden, Groves form'd of Rows of Fruit-trees and 
Forest-trees..make..very agreeable Enfilades, 1762-71 H. 
Wacpote Vertue’s Anecd, Paint. (1786) 1V.265 An enfilade 
of correspondent gates. 1779 SwInBURNE Trav. Spain xxxviii, 
The trees have swelled out beyond the line traced for them, 
and destroyed the enfilade, by advancing into the walks, or 
retiring from them. 1805 Rerton Landsc. Garden, (ed. 2) 
tos A magnificent enfilade through a long line of principal 
apartments, 

. Mil. +a. (See Hessel Obs. 

1706 Puitiirs, An/ilade [in Military Affairs] is the Situa- 
tion of a Post, so that it can discover and scour all the length 
ofa straight line. 271§in Kersey. 1721-1800 in Baitry. 

b. A ‘fire’ from artillery or musketry which 
sweeps a line of works or men from one end to the 
other. Also attrib. in enfilade fire. 

1796-7 Instr. §& Reg. Cavalry (1813) 175 Its [the echelon’s] 
prolongation shall not be exposed to an enfilade. 1803 Wet- 
LinGTON in Gurw. Disf. II. 286 You would have iron guns 
instead of brass for — enfilade. 1863 KincLake Crimea 
(1877) IV, xii. 255 Threatening..his batteries with an en- 
filade fire. 1! BancroFt Hist. U.S. VI. liv. 425 The 
space within the works .. was exposed to enfilade, 

(enfilad), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

+1. trans. To set (trees) so as to form an en- 
filade. Obs. (nonce-use.) 

1725 BravLev/am., Dict. s.v.Quincunx, Take care that the 
trees be well squar’d or laid out by a line, and, as it were, 
enfiladed one with another, 

2. Mil. To subject to an enfilade; to ‘rake’ or 
to be in a position to ‘rake’ (a line of fortification, 
a line of troops, a road, etc.) from end to end with 
a fire in the direction of its length. 


The name of a village in | 


170 


Puiturs, Enfilade, or Enfile the Courtin Renee, 
Pag ty pret beg tg ee: length of such a ork 
ith the Expedition to Carth a(J.), The 
eufladed by Spanish alg nd Rat aden 
ish cannon. & mES Mi, 5 
a ‘enfiladed when & gun can be fired into 

the inside of the para 
it an 


position 
rescott Ferd. & Js. 1. v. 237 The 
..was enfiladed by the enemy’s cannon. Low 
_ . Gen, Abbott iv. 333 Our course..was completely en- 
laded by a stone breastwork. 
aap mi The level bea 

a Barua Jugol. Leg. (1877) 413 ms of 

Pedy > or setting sun as they hepnened to enfilade the 
gorge. Tuackeray Bk. Snobs (1872) 119 The bow- 

window of the Club, .enfilades Pall Mall. 

Hence Enfila‘ded ///. a., Enfila'ding Z/. a. 

1812 Examiner 14 Sept. 581/1 Two enfiladed batteries. 

1828 Spearman Brit. Gunner 33 The continued fire of the 

first or enfilading batteries. 1866 Harvard Mem. Biog. 

N. L. Abbott 11. 101 The Twentieth .. advanced. .under an 

enfilading fire of artillery. 

+ Enfile, v. Os. Also 7 infile. 

Jile-r ; see ENFILADE. ] 

1. trans. To put on a string or thread. Also, 
To enfile up: to hang ap on a string, etc. 

1393 Gower Con/. III. 237 They taughten him [Sardana- 
pallens) to lace a braide..and to enfile A perle. 160x Hot- 
Lanp Pliny II. 124 To cut the root..into thin roundles, and 
to keep them enfiled vp. Jbid. II. 133 The swine mush- 
romes.. are hanged vp to dry infiled vpon a rush run- 
ning through them. 167§ Hosses Odyssey (1677) 116 When 
they had slain my men, they them enfil'd. .like fishes hung 
in ranks. 

2. Her. In pa. pple. (See quot.) 

1830 Rosson Brit. Herald. Gloss. s. v., When the head of 
a man or beast, or any other charge, is placed on the blade 
of a sword, the sword is said to be enfiled with whatever 
is borne upon it. 

+Enfire,v. Ols. Also 6 enfyre. [f. Ex- 1+ 
Fire sé.] 


1. trans. To set on fire. 

1513 Douctas xe7s xi. Prol. 13 The son enfyrit haill, 
astomysycht. 1605 Syitvester Du Bartas 1. vil. (1605-7) 
I. 234 Th’ Orbe of Flame. .doth not enfire the frame. 

b. To inflame. 

1545 T. RayNoLp Womans booke 79 By the which the 
bloude is enfyred and chawfed. _ 

2. fig. a. To kindle (a passion, zeal, etc.). b. To 
fire, inflame (a person) with anger, passion. 

1596 Spenser Hymn to Love xxv, So hard those heavenly 
beauties he enfyred. 1603 Fiorito Montaigne 1. xxxviil. 
(1632) 119 Great cares of sh: desire Doe carefull man 
distract, torment, enfire. 1620 Br. Hatt Hon. Mar. Clergy 
1. § 12 (Wks. 1628) 752 The touch of whom hath so much 
enfired his ghostly zeale. 1652 BeNLowes 7heofh, v1. xiv, 
Fruition Love enfires. 1855 SINGLETON Virgil I. 260 Cupid 
.-with the presents should the raging queen Enfire. 

+ Enfi'rm, v. Olds. rare. Also 3 enfermi. 
[ME. enfermz, a. OF. enferme-r, f. en- (see EN- 1) 
+ ferme :—L. firm-us FIRM ; the later exfirm prob. 
a new formation on En- 1+ Frra a.) 

trans. To strengthen, fortify. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 552 To Gloucetre hii wende, to en- 
fermi bentoun. 1649 G. Danie. 7rinarch., Hen. IV, iiii, 
The Gascoynes thus enfirm’d, and noe great feare Of French 
Invasion. 

, rare var. of INFIX. 

Enfliame, -flaumbe, obs. ff. INFLAME. 

Enflesh (enflef), v. Also 6-7 inflesh. [f. 
En- 1, Iy- + FLESH 56.] 

trans. &. To make into flesh. b. To cause a 
growth of flesh upon (the limbs). ¢. To plant or 
establish in the flesh, to ingrain. d. To give a 
fleshly form to. Hence Enfle’shing vé/. sd. 

1548 Geste Pr. Masse 86 No more then the deytie is 
recompted enfleshed for that it is substancially inus. /did., 
The incarnation or enfleshing of Christes Godhead, 1598 
Frorio, /ncarnare, to incarnate, to inflesh. Jéid., /ncar- 
namento, an enfleshing, an incarnating, incarnation, -- 
Montaigne 1. Wi. (1632) 173 Those vices, which are habitu- 
ated, inbred, setled, and enfleshed in him. 1633 P. FLETCHER 
Purple Isi. v1. (R.), Who th’ Deity inflesht, and man’s flesh 
deified. 1648 Herrick Hesper., To his Mistresses, Bring 
your magicks, spels, and charmes, To enflesh my thighs 
and armes. 1883 J. Parker Afost. Life Il. 212 Our love 
must incarnate, enflesh, and embody itself. 

+ Enflou »v. Obs. rare—'. [f. EN-1 + 
ME. *flureschen, flurisen, FLourisu.] trans. To 
display flourishingly ; to trick out with ornaments. 

? a 1400 Morte Arth, 198 Ffesauntez enflureschit in flam- 
mande silver, 

ower (enflauo'1), v. Also 6 enflore. [f. 
En- 1+ FLower sé.] trans. To adorn or deck with 
flowers. Hence Enflow‘ered ///. a. 

1583 Sketton Gari, Laurel 1164 The margent Enflorid 
with flowris. ¢1g98 B. Jonson Case Altered v. i, Milan, 
these odorous and enflower’d fields Are none of thine. ¢ 1602 
Davison in Farr S. P. Elis. (1845) I]. 327 All engreen- 
ing and enflowering Those pleasant arp ng oe ¢ 1611 
Cuarman //iad vin. 2 The cheerful Lady of the light. . Dis- 
persed her beams through every part of this enflow’red 
globe, 1888 A. J. Butter Dante, Paradise x. 132 Thou 
wouldst know from what plants this garland is enflowered. 

Enfiuence, obs. form of INFLUENCE. 

Enfoil: see En- prefix! 3. ; 

+ Enfo'ld, 52. Ods. [f. next.] A convolution 
(of the brain or intestines). 


[a. Fr. en- 


ENFOLDING. 


1578 Banister Hist. Man vy. 72 The intrels..are circun. 
duced into diuers, and many enfoldes, and pores ie Le el 
VIL. 100 brayne..seemeth to shew many and 


turn 

Enfola, infold (en-, infowld), v.1 Also 7 in- 
fould. /a. pple. occas. 7 infold, 9 enfolden. 

f. En-1, In- +Fotp sd. and v.] To put into a 
old, or within folds. 

1. “rans. To wrap up, envelope iz or with a 

t, or a surrounding medium of any kind. 
with the garment, etc. as subject. 

a. 1776 Witnerinc Bot. ae. (1796) I. 192 Seed 
parm pe ampel in the cup. Trencu Mirac. xvi. 
(1862) 272 The oak is enfolded inthe acorn, 1869 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. 111. 34 The royal robes in which the body 
‘o. "rea Hi Mon ‘Song res ee tare Sie fo the bod 

. More Py) Iv. 

was infold, Of this low life. rey soap a Barthol. 

fladder’ xyis Bore W ouaeor For: ops The pearly shel [shal] 
er. © ‘OPE a 

its lucid ie infold. x mfetiyt 3 fay kana 

be toe * e ee = — circum- 

—_ Yr OUNG - ( . 
bow silks her mellow charms tofold.. Meek Tinos aust 
ratty) tor Cast o’er The knight your magic mantle and 
infold him. 


b. fig. 
a. 1674 Fairrax Bulk & Selv. 1, Menge The kindness. . 
is wont to be enfolded mainly within the rank or stock.. 
ofthe same. a@1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 
19 All Plants... A confluential Loveliness enfold. a 1822 
SHELLEY Witch A td. ii, She lay enfolden In the warm shadow 
of her loveliness. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tomt's C. xxiv. 
233 His love enfolded her childish heart with more than 
mortal tenderness. 

. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. ui. iii. 73 Vnlesse the breath 
of Hartsicke groanes Mist-like infold me from the search of 
eyes. 1641 Mitton Ch, Govt. (1851) Pref. 95 That book 
within whose sacred context all wisdome is infolded. 1867 
G. MacponaLp Poems 58 Night infolds the day. 

2. To encompass, encircle ; to clasp, embrace. 
Also jig. 

~ Spenser F. Q. (T.), For all the crest a ‘on did 
infold With greedy paws. 1618 Cuapman Hesiod 1. 236 
She never knew how to enfold The force of Venus swim- 
pce, Tat in gold. 1633 P. FLercuer Elisa un. v. Poet. Misc. 
119 Her snow-white arms. .their now dead lord infold. 1725 
Pore Odyss. xix. 555 His neck with fond embrace infolding 
fast. a Mrs. Browninc Poems Il, 414 While the Muses 
hang enfolding Knee and foot with faint wild 1855 
SincLeton Virgil I. 132 [Vines] with lusty stems Their elms 
infolding. /é7d. I. 277 Each snake, inclipping them, infolds. 
1876 Bancrort Hist, U. S. 11. xx. 302 Its people, infold- 
ing at one extreme the offspring of colonists from Greece, 
and at the other the hardy children of the Northmen. 


+3. = Invotve. a. To imply or necessarily 
include. b. To involve or plunge i (disaster). 


| Also ref. ¢. To involve in obligation, to oblige. 


1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 250/1 God should in- 
folde vs in one selfe same destruction. 1586 T. B. La 
Primaud. Fr. Acad, 1. (1589) 145 We infold our selves in 
that fault, which we reproove in others, did. 430 All 
covetous men. .infold themselves in many griefs. 1625 Git. 
Sacr. Philos. 1.24 That any thing be, infolds necessarily 
the will and power of God thereto, 1646 N. Lockyer Ser- 
mon 11 There be many difficulties about the creature, but 
may be all infolded in one, to wit, sinne. 

4. To put into the shape of a fold or succession 
of folds ; formerly often fig. to render involved or 
intricate. Also ref. and intr. for refl. 

Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. vii. § 4 Fitter for a Declama- 
tion than ble to a Treatise infolded as this is. 16x 
Biste Zzek. i. 4 A great cloude, and a fire infoulding it 
selfe. 1612 Drayton's Poly-olb. Introd. A ij, The verse oft. . 

Seoafnl A, that AdAat: :. hy ot a forme 


so iP 
of the clothed truth. po lene Insectiv. Pl. xiv. 324 As 
x 


the rim is infolded. Vines Sachs’ Bot. 950 The cam- 
bium layer. .b deeply infolded where it extends in- 
wi iS. 

Hence Eufo'lded ///. a., Enfo* ado. 


c 1633 Mitton Arcades 64 The celestial Sirens. .That sit 
upon the nine infolded ree 1879 Farrar St. Pand I. 
92 A semblance as of inf flame. 1624 F. Waite Refi. 
—e 280 [It] is neither expres} 


ly Scripture, 

Enfold. (enfowld), v.2 rare. [f. En- oe + 
Foxp sd.1] To shut up (sheep, etc.) in a fold. 

a Thealma ci CZ. 94 She left the Lovers to 
enfold her Sheep. 1882 J. Parker Afost. Life 1. 13 Until 
the last little lamb had been safely enfolded. 

Enfolder, infolder (en-, infowldox). [f. 
EnFroLp v.1+-£R.] One who or something which 
enfolds ; + in quot. sfec. an enveloping membrane. 

1545 Raynatp Womans booke (1564) fi ryn; from 
thence the veine of the Fe pea betweene his je and the 
innermost infolder. /éyd. 1. (1634) 79 The third or the in- 
most infolder of the child. .is so thinne that one may easily 
seethrough it. 18.. Mrs. Browninc Wine of Cyprus Poet. 
Wks. (1883) 30 That shadow, the enfolder of your quiet 


eyelids. 

indoading (en-, infowldin), vd/. 
sd, [f. as prec. + -ING1,] he action of the verb 
Enrotp, Also concr. in various applications: 


(a.) a wrappage, envelope, + in f/. garments; (.) 
a mo gy ‘hes, Puicceuie an 

I . Dise. . Poetrie |. 5 ref 
of cabal the infolding of worden, x6xx Suaxs. Wint. 7. 
1v. iv. 755 Seest thou not the ayre of the in these en- 
foldings? 1873 Mivart Elem. Anat. ix. 372 Infoldings of 
the surface of the . 4880 A, Witson in Gent/. Mag. 
CCXLVI. 45 The infeldi of this blastoderm. 1882 Vines 
Sachs’ Bot. 533 The cells ‘which contain chlorophyll exhibit 


ly nor infoldedly taught in 


ENFOLDING, 


the infoldings of the cell-wall. 1885 W. K. Parker M/am- 
mal. Descent iii. 88 ‘he embryo and its inner enfoldings. 

nfolding, infolding (en-, infowldin), AA/. a. 
[f. as prec.+-1NG*.] That enfolds. 

1669 Bunyan Holy Citie 169 An infolding Mystery 
wraj up, and inclosed. 1735 H. Brooke Univ. Beauty 
1 ria , In balm imbosom’d every region lies, Of ambient 
ether and infolding skies. 1827 Kesie Chr, Y., St. Michael 
ix, Waft us heaven-ward with enfolding wing. 1879 Farrar 
St. Paul (1883) 144 An infolding fire and a supernatural 
sound arrested their progress. 

Enfoldment (enfovldmént). arch. [f. as prec. 
+-MENT.] The action of enfolding ; + concer. that 
which enfolds. 

159 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 45 That in mine amorous 
enfo! ee I might whyrle her [Ierusalem] to Heauen with 
me. 1624 GaTaKEeR Transubst. 94 O most divine and holy 
Mysterie, symbolically discovering those enigmaticall En- 
foldments. 1825 Scorr 7adism. ix, His long slender dark 
fingers were. .almost buried in the large enfoldment of King 
Richard’s hand. 

+ Enfo'llow, v. Ods. vare. In 4-5 infolewe, 
en-, infolowe. [f. En- prefl + Fottow v.] a. 
trans. To follow after; fig. to imitate. b. cuir. 
To follow on; to ensue, result. 

Hence Enfo‘llowing v0/. sé. 

1382 Wycur Ecclus. xxxii. 23 In his infolewingis he shal 
ben vndernome [Vulg. ivsectationibus arguetur]. ¢1449 
Prcock Refr. ut. vi. 313 In-folewing Crist in the seid 
pouerte. 1485 Caxton St, Wenefr. 4 Moche good shold 
therof enfolowe. 

Enfonce (enfp'ns), v. rare. [ad. Fr. enfoncer, 
f. en- (see EN-!) + foncer to sink.] ¢vans. To sink 
in; to place in a low or retired position. 

1834 R. Mupie Brit. Birds (1841) I. 147 The eyes of this 
one [the screech owl] not being so deeply enfonced as those 
of most of the others. 

Enfondre, var. of ENFoUNDER v., Ods. 

+ Enfo'rce, sé. Ods. [f. next vb.: cf. AFFORCE.] 
Effort, exertion. 

1378 Barsour Bruce xvu. 448 Thai that var With gret 
enforss assal3eand thar. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patrum (W. 
de W. 1495) 1. xlii. 68 b/2, All her enforce auaylled her not. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 13 b, We desyre .. with all the en- 
force and myght of our hertes to be with hym. 1671 Mitton 
Samson 1220 A petty enterprise of small enforce. 


Enforce (enfde'1s), v. Forms: a. 4-7 enforse, 
(4 ?enforth, 6 enfoarce), 4- enforce. B. 4-7 
inforse, (6 infors), 5- inforce. [ad. OF. ex/forczer, 
enforcir:—late L. infortiare, infortire, f. in- (see 
In-) + fortis strong; see also En- prefix! and 
Force s0.] 

I. To put force or strength into. 

+1. trans. To strengthen (a fortress) by extra 
works, (an army, navy, town, etc.) by extra ships, 
troops, etc,; to occupy in force; to reinforce. 
Obs. 

a. 1340-70 A lisaunder 908 Enforced were pe entres with 
ja men fele. ¢1425 WyntouN Cvon. vill. xxxvii. 177 
Morys of Murrawe .. Dat syne enforsyt it [pat Castelle] 

ettumly. 1523 Lp. Berners /’7o/ss. I. xlvi. 63 The frenche 
rise enforced his great nauy that he had on the see. 1557 
PayneL Barclay'’s Fugurth 52 He ordeyned as it were a 
forward enforced with a threfold subsidie, or socour. 1668 
Tempe Lett, Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 11.61 To enforce the 
Towns of Flanders by... our Troops. 1755 Epwarps Ws, 
(1834) I. Introd. 209/2 The French were in constant expec- 
tation of being greatly enforced by a large body. 

B. 1375 Barsour Bruce v. 65 [Thai] inforsit the castell 
sua. hd Neepuao tr. Selden’s Mare Cl. 376 Provided 
and inforced with men of war in divers forein Parts. 1697 
Drypven Virg. (1806) IV. 153 The brave Messapus shall thy 
troops inforce With those of Tibur, 

+2. To strengthen in a moral sense; to impart 
resolution or fortitude to (a person) ; to encourage 
(Const. ¢o with zzf); to strengthen (a resolve, a 
purpose). Ods. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pers. T. P 656 This vertu... enhaunsith 
and enforceth the soule. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 178/3 Yet 
was saynt abe a man enforced to suffre paynes. 1534 
Lp. Brerners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel (1546) O vj, By suche ex- 
aumples..the good people shoulde enforce them selues. 1626 
Bacon Sylva (1677) § 314 To enforce the Spirits by some 
Mixture, that may excite and quicken them. 1685 R. 
Berke ey in Mev. (1857) III. 275 Sir, if the entreaties of 
a friend can enforce the resolves of so great a philosopher. 

+3. To add force to, intensify, strengthen (a feel- 
ing, desire, influence) ; to impart fresh vigour or 
energy to (an action, movement, attack, etc.), Ods. 

a. 1375 Barsour Bruce v. 355 Douglass. .enforsit on thame 
the cry. c1400 Rom. Rose 4499 Now mote my sorwe en- 
forced be. c1450 Merlin ix. 136 And so began the turne- 
ment newe to enforse for the rescewe of theire felowes. 
1523 Lp. Berners Frozss. I. Ixxvi. 97 The next day to enforce 
the assaut. 1563 Man Musculus’ Commonpl. 34 a, Enforcing 
up his noyse littel and littel. 1727 Pops, etc., Art Sinking 76 
Hang on lead to .. enforce our descent. 174x MippLeTon 
Cicero (1742) III, xii. 287 He [Cicero] .. used to enforce the 
severity of his abstinence. 1750 Jonnson Ramdbler No. 63 
P 12 The temptations to do ill are multiplied and enforced. 
1775 T. SHERIDAN Art Reading 102 Their [the consonants’] 
sound should be enforced. 

B. 1513 Douctas Anezs 1. ii. 3x Infors thi wyndis. 
1534 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel, (1546) Niv, He 
..inforceth his appetite, to know more. 1691-8 Norris 
Pract. Disc. 1V. 374 Conviction of the Worlds Vanity .. as 
an inner spring actuates inforces all our outward mo- 
tions. a1716 Soutn Sevm. I. vi. (R.), The same authority, 
and evidence, that inforced the former. — 

+b. To give legal force to; toratify, Obs. rare—}. 


rt 


1756 P. Browne Yamaica 5 His majesty. .always inforces 
or makes void all the acts passed by them. 

4. To press home (an argument, etc.) ; to urge 
(a demand, etc.); formerly, also, to lay stress 
upon, emphasize (a fact, circumstance). 

@. ¢1449 [see Enrorcine vé/, sb.] 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 
‘1v. i, go Against Aumerle we will enforce his Tryall. 1600 
Ho iano Livy vy. iv. 181 Much —— my stomacke, O 
Quirites, enforce I this point. 1635 Naunton ragm. Reg. 
(Arb.) 43 The Warrant for his execution [being] tendered, 
and somewhat enforced, she [the Queen] refused to sign it. 
a@ 1674 CLarenvon Hist, Red. (J.), Enforcing the ill con- 
sequence of his refusal to take the office. 1711 SHAFTESB. 
Charac. 11. 68 Where infinite rewards are thus inforc’d .. 
natural motives to goodness are apt to be neglected. 1751 
Jounson Rambler No, 87 #14 The preacher .. enforcing a 
precept of religion. +832 Ht. Martineau /reland ii. 33 In 
order to enforce what he had said. 1870 AnpErson J/is- 
sions Amer. Bd. 11. ix. 74 Hoapile enforced his claim by an 
argument from a reciprocity of rights and duties. 1878 
BrowninG La Saisiaz 76 Failed ye to enforce the maxim. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 92 How much 
every degree is still inforced one above another. 1605 B. 
Jonson Volpone 1. iv, To inforce .. Your cares, your watch- 
ings, and your many prayers. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 308 
The presence of that doth inforce the absence of the rest. 
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 24 ® 5 This monition might very 
properly be inforced. 1775 Apair Amer, /nd. 61 To inforce 
their musical speech, ; 

+b. With obj. clause, or accus. and inf.: To 
assert, argue forcibly. Ods. 

1579 J. Knewstus Con/ut. 5 Upon order taken for pro- 
curing things to be done, H. N. will necessarily enforce 
that the same are done. 1613 Life Will. Cong, in Select. 
Jr. Hart. Misc. (1793) 8 He inforced it to be a good title, 

+5. To exert (one’s strength). Ods. 

7490 Caxton Eneydos (1889) 18 By grete myghte and 
bodyli strengthe enforced his puyssaunce for to arache and 
plucke vp the same tree. : 

+b. vefl. To exert oneself, strive. Const. Zo 
with zzf. Also ¢o with sd.: To strive after, rush 
into. Obs. 

a. €1340 Cursor M, 18089 Enforsep 30u wip my3te & meyn 
Stalworbely to stonde a3eyn. ¢1386 Cuaucrr MJelibens 
P209 Suche as enforcen hem rathere to prayse youre per- 
sone by flaterie. a1450 Avt. de da Tour (1868) 61 Eve..en- 
forced her to excuse her of her misdede and synne. 1526 
TINDALE Kom, xv. 20 So have I enforsed my selfe to preache 
the gospell. 1533 BELLENDEN Livy 1, (1822) 213 He en- 
forcit himself to batall. 1535 Fisher Ws. 381 Such soules 
also as .. enforce them selues to a great loue. 1557 NortH 
Gueuara’s Diall Pr. Prol. A 1a, We may enforce our selfes 
to worke amendes. 1693 W. Ropertson Phraseol. Gen. 535 
To enforce, or strain himself earnestly, conart. 

. ¢€1%460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 60 [Man] 
inforsith hymself to be alway gretter and gretter. 1513 
Doucias nets x. vii. 177 Pallas .. Inforcis hym to greif 
hys fays that tyde. 1541 Eryor Jizage Gov. 43 He .. in- 
forceth him selfe to brenne the houses. 1633 Br. Hari 
Hard Texts, N. T. 85 Inforce yourselves to use all diligent 
.. indeavours. 

+6. zntr. for vefl. To strive, attempt, physically 
or mentally. Ofa ship: To make way. Ods. 

a. ¢1340 Hampote Prose Tr. 2 It enforthis for to halde 
besyly in it the swetteste name of Ihesu. ¢1374 CHaucer 
Boeth. i. i. 30 She vsep ful flatryng familarite wip hem pat 
she enforcep to bygyle. 1382 Wyciir 1 A7vugs xix. 10 Saul 
enforside to fitche to gidre with a spere Dauid in the wal. 
— Acts xxv. 15 The schipp was rauyschid, and my3te not 
enforse into the wynd. 1490 Caxton //ow to Die 4 The 
deuylle enforseth to brynge to him sorowe vpon sorow. 
1557 NV. 7. (Genev.) 1 Thess. ii. 17 We enforsed the more to 
se your face, 1595 SPENSER Col. Clout 482 Thrise happie 
Mayd, Whom thou doest so enforce to deifie. 

1513 Doucias 4 neis v. i. 37 Nor we may nocht strife, 
nor enforce [ed. 1557 inforce] sa fast Agane thestorme. 1581 
Marseck Bk, of Notes 377 False Prophets.. inforce to 
quench the true vnderstanding of the lawe. 

II. To bring force to bear upon. 

+7. trans. To drive by force: a. by physical 
force, as a stone from a sling, a person from a 
place. Also, Zo enforce open, and simply. 

c1325 £. £. Addit. P. B. 938 And enforsed alle fawre forth 
at be 3atez. 1555 Fardle Facions 1. vi. 94 There come into 
that coaste, infinite swarmes of Gnattes, without any drifte 
of winde to enforce them. 1596 Harincton Metam. Ajax 
(1814) 109 The very nature of fire helpeth to enforce [air] 
upward. 1599 Suaks. /en. V, 1, vii. 65 As swift as stones 
Enforced from the old Assyrian slings. 1600 Haxtuyt Voy. 
(1810) III. 189 If we be inforced by contrary windes. 1627 
SreeD England xxi. §8 Yet hath she [Lincoln] not escaped 
the calamitie of sword, as in the time of the Saxons; whence 
Arthur enforced their Host. 1644 Quartes Barnabas § B. 
(1851) 194 Nor can my stronger groans enforce the portals 
open. 1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1, xii. (1739) 67 Those that 
would reduce him, he enforces into foreign Countries. 

b. by mental or moral force: To drive a person 
to or from a belief, sentiment, or course of action. 

1542 Henry VIII Declar. Scots 192 Beying novve enforced 
to the warre. 1591 Drayton Noah in Farr S. P. Fas. I 

(1848) 119 From remorce In his own nature you doe him 
inforce. *635 Austin Medit, 101 To this observance 
[fasting] .. Nature should inforce us. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep.1.i. 1 It. hath enforced them unto strange con- 
ceptions. 1664 Drypen Rival Ladies u. i. (1725) 209, 1 am 
inforc’d to trust you with my most near Concerns. 

+8. To use force upon; to press hard upon. 
Also fig. to press hard upon, urge, with argu- 

ments, taunts, entreaties, etc. Ods. 

138. WyciiF Ws. (1880) 378 [Naaman] enforsid hym bat 
he schuld haue take po giftis. cx400 Rom. Rose Gog Thou 
shalt not streyne mea dele, Ne enforce me. 1494 FaByan 
vu.cexlv. 288 Eyther prynce enforsed so straytly that other, 
that cyther of rns were vnhorsed. 1568 Grarton Chron, 


ENFORCE. 


II. 176 If you thinke not this. .truth, I will not enforce you. 
1601 Suaks. Jud. C. tv, iii, 112 The Flint .. much inforced, 
shewes a hastie Sparke. 1605 Campen Rev. 212 He be- 
sieged Orleans, and had so enforced it, that the Inhabitants 
were willing..to yeelde themselves. @ 1618 Raeicu Rem. 
(1644) 36 It is not the part ofa just Civil Prince. .to enforce 
such a Countrey. 1662 Futter Worthies (1840) II. 279 
He enforced him no further. 
b. zutr. in same sense: Zo enforce upon. Obs. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. To Rdr., How much 
more the sickenesse enforced vpon me, so much lesse I 
spared myselfe. 1568 Grarton Chron, II. 98 The French 
men .. so enforced upon them, that they .. tooke the sayde 
Arthur prisoner. 1586 J. Hooker Giradd. [rel.in Holinshed 
IL. 16/1 They still pressing & inforcing vpon him. 

+9. To overcome by violence ; to take (a town) 
by storm ; to force, ravish (a woman) ; also fig. 

a. ¢1386 CHaucer Pers. 7. P 900 If the womman maugré 
hir heed hath ben enforced or noon. 1483 Caxton G. de la 
Tour Evjb, He.. enforced their wyues. 1579 FENTON 
Guicciard. 165 hey enforced it in two dayes, and likewise 
the Castle, making slaughter of all the footmen that were 
withdrawne thither. 1594 ‘I. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 
423 Howsoeuer they labour to enforce (as it were) their 
conscience. 1631 CHAPMAN Cxsar & Pompey Plays 1873 
III. 172 The great authority of Rome Would faine enforce 
me by their mere suspitions. 

1560 Daus tr. Sletdane’s Comm. 250 A, Inforce theyr 
wyues and their children. 1577 Vest. 12 Patriarchs 52 Ye 
shall .. inforce maidens in Jerusalem. 

10. To compel, constrain, oblige. Said of both 
persons and circumstances. Const. fo with cf. 
arch. 

a. 1523 Lp. Berners /vo/ss. I. xii. 12 They were xi days 
in the shyppe, and enforced it to saile as moche as they 
myghte. 1553 Even 7reat. Newe [nd.(Arb.) 13 [They] were 
at the length, enforsed to departe. 1573 Tusser Husd. 
(1878) 5 My seruing you. . Enforced this to come to pas. 1632 
Litucow 7yrav. 11. (1682) 107 Accompanied with two God- 
desses ; the one was (Eloquence) to perswade them, and the 
other was (Violence) to enforce them. 1649 SELDEN Laws 
Eng. i. ii. (1739) 15 The Parliament was sometimes enforced 
to adjourn it self for want of number sufficient. 1733 NeaL 
Hist, Purit. 11.387 [He] had been .. enforced to enter into 
a bond of a thousand pounds. 1801 Sournrey 7halaba v. 
xxxv, Only by strong and torturing spells enforced, 1837 
Sir F. Parcrave Alerch. & Friar i. (1844) 17 You would 
have been enforced to compress your missive within. .scanty 
bounds. 

1509-10 Act 1 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Pream., The Parties 
..were inforced and constrayned to sue ther Lyverey..oute 
of the Handes of the seid late Kyng. 1581 W. Srarrorp 
Exam. Compl, i. (1876) 82 The husbandman was _neces- 
sarily inforced .. to sel his Victayles dearer. 1691 Locks 
Money Wks. 1727 11. 33 The Bargain being made, the Law 
will inforce the Borrower to pay it. 

III. To produce, impose, effect, by force. 

+11. To produce by force, material or imma- 
terial ; to extort (tears, concessions, etc.) from a 
person; to force (a passage); to bring on (a 
quarrel, etc.) by force; to force on. Ods. 

a. 1586 Martowe 1st Pt. Tamburd. iu. ii, With shivering 
spears enforcing thunder-claps. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secre- 
tary 1. (1625) 42 My paper burthened with this long dis- 
course..enforceth an end. 1594 Greene & Lopcr Looking 
Glasse (1861) 131 Dare you enforce the furrows of revenge 
Within the brows of royal Radagon? 1598 B. Jonson Ez. 
Man in Hum. w. iii. (1616) 48 Why, how now, brother, 
who enforst this brawle? 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. Hib. xi. 
(1821) 134 The White Knight .. condemned both his Sonne 
and people for their folly, to enforce a fight. 1812 J. Henry 
Camp. agst. Quebec 134 Vhe endurances we underwent..en- 
forced many a tear. 

1531-46 ELyor Governour (1883) 1. 215 Iniurie ap- 
paraunt and with powar inforced..may be with lyke powar 
resisted. 1583 GoLpINnG Calvin on Deut. Pref. Ep. 1 The long 
interceassing of so great a benefite, inforced through the 
tyrannie of Antichrist. 16x11 Lanyer Salve Deus in Farr 
S. P. Fas. I (1848) 230 Your cries inforced mercie, grace, 
and loue, From Him whom greatest princes would not 
moue. 162r Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iii. 1.(1651) 212 By the 
striking of a flint fire is inforced. 1636 G. Sanpys Paraphr. 
Div. Poems Ex. xv. (1648) 2 Pharaohs Chariots .. Twixt 
walls of Seas their way inforce. 1674 PLayrorp Skil Mus, 
1. 54 To feign them, or at the least to inforce Notes. 


+12. To force, obtrude (something) ov a person. 


r60r Suaks. Ad/’s Well u. i. 129, I will no more enforce 
mine office on you. 

13. To compel by physical or moral force (the 
performance of an action, conformity to a rule, 
etc.) ; to impose (a course of conduct) 07 a person. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. xiii. (1739) 23 This course was 
.. inforced upon them by a Roman Constitution, 1712 
BerkeLey Pass. Obed. § 3 A supreme power of making 
laws, and enforcing the observation of them. 1828 Scort /’. 
M. Perth xiv, To enforce upon his fiery temper compliance 
with the rules of civil life. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. /ndia 
I. 1. ii. 143 He declared his determination to enforce obe- 
dience to the order. 1859 Kincstey M/7sc. (1860) II. 63 The 
bloated tyrant .. enforced payment by scourge and thumb- 
screw. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 123 They are to enforce 
the education of their children upon unwilling parents. 

14. To compel the observance of (a law); to 
support by force (a claim, demand, obligation). — 

a. 1603 SHaxs. Meas. for M. w. iv. 25 A deflowred maid, 
And by an eminent body, that enforc’d The Law against 
it! 1732 BerkeLey Adciphr. ut. § 13 There was neither 
jail nor executioner in his kingdom to enforce the laws. 
1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 131 It should be the 
business of the legislature .. to enforce this Divine precept. 
1839 THIRLWALL Greece V. 265 Sparta .. paid no regard to 
the sentence, which, after the battle of Mantinea, there was 
none to enforce. 1841 Evpuinstone /7ist. Jud. 1. 503 They 
sent a body of 1000 infantry and 300 horse to enforce their 
demand. 

22-2 


ENFORCEABLE. 


B. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 652 This law was in- 

forced..with a rigour at once cruel and ludicrous. 
b. absol. rare. 

1876 Grote Eth. Fragm. ii. 39 If as an individual he is 
obliged to obey, as one of the public he is entitled to enforce 
upon other individuals. 

forceable (enfoeisab’l), a. Also 6 in- 
forcible, 9 enforcible. [f. ENFORCE v. + -ABLE.] 
Capable of being enforced. + Also = FoRcIBLE. 

1589 Marfprel. Epit. Cijb, See... what may be brought 
to reproche the credit of such inforcible proofes. @1 
Barrow Sermon v1. Ws. I, 71 (L.) Grounded upon plain 
testimonies of Scripture, and enforcible by good reason. 
1863 H. Cox /nstit. n. viii. 495 An obligation enforceable in 
equity. 1870 Contemp. Rev. XV. 555 Either party.. may 
.. get damages, enforceable by distress. 1875 Bryce Holy 
Rom. Emp. xv. (ed. 5)245 Feudal rights no longer enforcible. 

Enfo'rced (enfoesst), 44/.a. [f.as prec. +-ED1.] 

1. That is subjected to force or constraint. rare. 

1654 R. Coprincton tr. Hist. /vstine 74 This concurse 
.. of the water doth take down with it into the bottom of 
the deeps the enforced spirit, and there suffocates and keeps 
it down, etc. 1861 Gen. P. Tuomrson Audi Alt, III. 
exlvi. 134 They pleaded themselves enforced agents. 

2. That is forced upon or exacted from a person ; 
that is produced by force ; forced, constrained. 

1576 FLeminc Panofplie Ep. 203 He hath constrayned such 
to yeelde to inforced obedience and servitude. 1594 Suaks. 
Rich. 111, ui. v. 9 Nog’ Lookes Are at my seruice, like 
enforced Smiles. 1625 K. Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis v. x. 
364 The slavery of an inforced marriage. 1837 Hr. Mar- 
TINEAU Soc. Amer. II. 128 A country where a degraded 
class is held to enforced labour. 1868 Heirs Realmah v. 
68 How Sir John could have endured the enforced silence. 

Enforcedly (enfoe1sédli), adv. Also 6-7 in- 
forcedly. [f. prec. +-Ly%.] In anenforced manner, 
+a. By force, forcibly (os.). b. Under compul- 
sion. ¢@. With constrained utterance. 

1579 Twyne Phisick agst. Fortune 1. \xvii. 244a, 1 am 
enforcedly dryuen into banishment. 1594 SouTHWELL JZ, 
Magda. Fun. Teares 18 She for whom he died [was] in- 
forcedly left alive. 1635 R. H. Arraignm, Whole Crea- 
ture xiv, § 1.226 They should doe it of necessity, inforcedly, 
and compulsorily. 1656S. H. Gold. Law 15 Suppose that 
Perkin Warbeck .. had inforcedly and so pied tite te gained 
the Government. 1864 LoweL. /treside Trav. 180 Whose 
Geography we studied enforcedly at school. 1882 H, Me- 
RIVALE Faucit of B. 111, .x.7 The oracle spoke—enforcedly 
—slowly—cruelly. 

+Enfo'rcely, adv. Ols. In 4 inforcely, 
enforsaly. [irregularly f. EnForce v, + -LY2.] 
In a forcible manner; violently, furiously. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 314 Saw thaim cum swa inforcely. 
Toi. v. 324 Than suld thai, full enforsaly ..assale The 
ynglis men. 

Enforcement (enfoe1smént). Also 6-8 in-. 
[a. OF. enforcement: see ENFORCE v. and -MENT.] 
The action or process of enforcing. 

+1. The action or process of increasing the 
strength of anything (esf. an armed force, etc.) ; 
concr. a reinforcement. Odés. 

1643 PryNne Sov. Power Parl. w. 35 Such a force of Irish 
Rebels now ready to be shipped..for their assistance and 
enforcement. 1682 TempLe J/em. Wks. 1731 I. 406 The 
Prince of Conde was sent in haste out of Flanders, with a 
great Enforcement. 1762 Acc. of Bhs. in Ann. Reg. 250/1 
Something equivalent to those enforcements and lowering 
of sounds which gives such a pleasant variety. 

+ 2. Energetic activity ; an effort. Ods. rare. 

1547-64 BauLpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) To Rdr., Their 
busie inforcement hath kindled in others the like hatred 
and contempt. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Know. To Rdr., To 
accomplishe so haulte an enforcement. 

3. The urging a demand, pressing home an argu- 
ment, representation, or statement. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 33 Forcible reasons, 
enforcements, rebukes, and perswasions, 1587 GoLpinc De 
Mornay xxxiii. 537 What inforcements..to perswade men ? 
1635 Austin Medit. 165 ao’ (as St. John, after, 
did ;) using the same manner of Enforcement. 1751 JouNn- 
son Rambler No, 162 § 10 Persuaded the tenants.. to en- 
treat his enforcement of their representations. 186x SMILES 
Engineers U1. 160 It cost him many years of arguing, illus- 
tration, and enforcement. 1880 E. Wuirte Cert. Relig. 54 
— large a space is occupied with the enforcement of this 
claim, 

+4. The action of bringing force to bear upon, 
doing violence to, or overcoming by force (a person 
or thing). Also fig. a strained interpretation (of 
words). Obs, 

1577-87 Hounsnep Chron, II1. 1061/1 Where he did so 
much by batterie & other kinds of inforcement. 1583 Fuike 
Defence Answ. Pref. § 10, 28, I marvel at your bold asser- 
tions, and abhor your impudent enforcements. 1597 SHAKs. 
Rich, 1/7, 1. vii. 8 And his enforcement of the Citie Wiues. 
1597 — 2 //en. IV, 1, i. 120 As the Thing, that’s heauy in it 
selfe, Vpon enforcement, flyes with greatest speede. 

5. Constraint, compulsion; a constraining or 
compelling influence. vave in mod. use. 

1475 Caxton Yason 19 b, He dremed of his lady for then- 
forcement ofloue. 1548 Upatt, etc. Zrasm, Par. Mark 41 
The soule. ,throughe thenforcement of disease had forsaken 
the bodye. 1553 T. Witson Rhet. 57 b, Often tymes the 
soldiour saieth, his capitaines biddyng was his enforcement. 
1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. 1. Wks, (1851) 125 For any en- 
forcement that Artur with all his Chivalry could make, 
1820 Keats Ode to Psyche 2 O Goddess! hear these 
tuneless numbers, wrung By sweet enforcement. a 1845 
Hoop Lamia vii. 60 By thy own enforcement [I] come to 


force thee, peng paket 
6. The forcible exaction of a payment, an action, 


172 


etc. ; the enforcing or compelling the fulfilment of 
(a law, demand, obligation) ; + concr. a means of 
enforcing, a ‘sanction’. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wares 1. \xiv, Though hee had then 


inforcements of Tee eee oe CLG U Te on ain 
defence, TON . Smect. (1851 'o see 
‘ee atlas Poamenien and the laiorcemeut of a Slavish 


life, 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xxi, (1695) 150 The Rewards 
and Punishments .. which the Almighty has established as 
the Enforcements of his Law. 1756 Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. 
Wks. I. 78 Is it consistent with divine wisdom to pre- 
scribe to us, and leave the enforcement of them to the 
folly of human institutions? 1828 Scorr . M. Perth xxv, 
The occasion seemed to require an enforcement of domestic 
discipline. 1876 Green 5S) Hist. iii. § 7 (1882) 150 [The] 
weakness [of the Charter] in providing no means for the 
enforcement of its own stipulations. 

Enforcer (enf6r1so1). [f. ENFORCE v. + -ER.] 
One who enforces. 

1580 Hottysanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Forceur,a conqueror, 
anenforcer. 1649 SetpEN Laws Eng. u. i. (1 Y The 
Contrivers, Advisers and Enforcers. 1844 H. fe ILSON 
Brit. India 1. 234 A rigorous advocate and unrelent- 
ing enforcer of measures of public economy and retrench- 
ment. 1855 Grote Greece u. xci. XII. 20 A paramount 
obligation of which he was the enforcer. 1885 J. Rar in 
Contemp. Rev. June go2 Besides its function as enforcer of 
morality. .the State has another office. 

orcible: see ENFORCEABLE, 

Enfo: (enfoorsin), vd/. sb. [f. ENFORCE v. 
+-ING1,] e action of the vb. EnForce in its 
various senses. + concr. That which enforces. 

138 . Wycur Sed. Wks. 1.245 Of sich enforsinge mote nedis 
come mede. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. iv. (1495) 
31 Aungels dystroye the reeses and the enforcynges of fendes, 
cr Gesta Rom. xxxi. 116 (Harl. MS.) When the lion had 
sight of hem, he Ran to him with a cruell enforsynge. 
c 1449 Pecock Repr.iv.iv. 446 This hool argument with alle 
hise enforcingis. 153 ELyot Gov. 1. v. (1883) I. 35 Without 
any violence or inforsinge. c 1610-5 Female Saints (1866) 80 
After long enforcing she must needes yield nature her due. 
1641 H. Ainswortu Orth. Foundat. Relig. 12 Love is the 
inforcing, or motive of the Will, to the thing loved. 

Enfo’rcing, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-ING*.] That 
enforces or presses upon. 

1 G. Dante 7rinarch., Hen. V, clxiv, The thin-film’d 
Bladder breakes Prest with the burthen of enforceing Ayre. 
1662 H. Stuspe /nd. Nectar ii. 12 A drink invented by an 
enforcing necessity. 

Hence Enforeingly adv., in a forcible man- 
ner; earnestly, impressively. 

1571 GotpinG Calvin on Ps. xliv. epee it bee put en- 
forcingly for assurance sake. 1754 RicHARDSON Grandison 
(1781) VI. 9, 1am wished to write more enforcingly to you. 

+ Enfo'rcive, a. Oss. [f. ENFORCE v. + -IVE.] 

1. a. Tending to enforce. b. Urgent, forcible. 

1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. //ist. /vstine 83 b With these 
and such like inforciue arguments the harts of his souldiors 
were greatly incouraged. c 1611 CHAPMAN J/iad vill. 212 
[An eagle] who seasde in her repayre A sucking hind calfe, 
which she trust in her enforciue seeres. /bid. x. 128 Why 
stir ye thus so late? Sustain we such enforcive cause? 
1693 Bevertey True St. Gospel Truth 6 Those Attributes 
of God, that are most enforcive of a gracious Answer. 

2. As quasi-sd. (nonce-use), after the analogy of 
motive: A means of compelling. 

1686 A. Horneck Crucified Fesus (1695) 373 If these 
Motives cannot prevail, God hath Enforcives which shall. 

Hence + Enfo'reively adv., by compulsion, 

1880 WeBsTER cites Marston. 

+ Enforest (enfp'rést), v. Ovs. Also 7 en-, in- 
forrest. [f. En-1+ Forrest. Cf. Arrorest.] 

¢vans. To convert (arable or pasture land) into 
forest or hunting-ground. Cf. AFFOREST. 

a1619 Daniet Coll, Hist. Eng. (1626) 128 All such as 
were found to haue beene inforrested since the first Coro- 
nation of Henry the Second to bee disafforested. 1 
Sreep England vi. § 7 Thirtie miles of circuit inforrest 
for his game of Hunting. 1662 Futter Worthies u. 174 
Henry the Eight enforrested the grounds hereabouts 
{Hampton Court). 

orge: see EN- fref.! 3. 

Enform, etc. : see InForM, etc. 

+ Enforsothe, v. Ods. rare}. 

1460 in Pol. Rel. & Love Poems (1866) 153 Whanne y en- 
forsope me ober whilis, and pinke y wolde Bes o trewe lijf. 

Enfort: see En- pref. 2. 

Enforth, variant of Emrortu, Ods. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2128 Ariadne, To save a gentil- 
manne enforthe [v. ». emforth] hir might. 

Enforth, obs., ? var. of ENFORCE v. 

+ Enfortu'ne, v. Ods. [f. Ex- 1+ Fortune] 
trans. To invest with a property or quality. 


¢ 1374 Cuaucer Compl. Mars 105 But he that wroght hit 
enfortuned hit so, That every wight that had hit shulde 


have wo. 
+Enfowble, v. Obs. rare—'. [a. OF. en- 


Suble-r :—L. infibula-re to buckle in, f. 2 in + fibula 


buckle; cf. F. affudler, repr. med.L. affibulare of 
same meaning.] /rans. To wrap up, veil pee A 

¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 959 Hir frounte folden in sylk, 
enfoubled ay quere. 

Enfoul: see En- pref.) 2. 

+Enfow'lder, v. Os. vare—". [app. f. Ex-1 + 
OF. fouldre (mod.Fr. foudre) thunderbolt.) Im- 
plied in Enfou'ldred ff/. a., ? with 
thunder-bolts, black as a thunder-cloud. 

1590 Srenser F. g. . xi. go With fowle enfouldred 

re, 


| smoake and flashing 


ENFRANCHISE. 


+Enfou'nder, v. Ovs. rare. Also 5 enfon- 
der. [ad. F. enfondrer, £. en- in + fondrer in same 
senses.] a. vans. To drive in, batter in. b. 
intr. Of a horse: To stumble, drop down. 

1475 CAXTON Yason 25 b, At the thirde stroke he enfondrid 
Pg ay sonny ¢ 1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 


“Bnvo vm of Is 
urm, obs. form of Inrorm. 

+ Enfrain, v. Obs. rare. Pa. pple. enfraint. 
[ad. OF. enfraindre (F. enfreindre) :—L. infring- 
ére, f. in (see In-) +frangére to break.] ‘¢rans. 
To violate (a My og an obligation). 
aos ‘ason 63 b, Ofte times they [promises] ben 

ite and broken. 1483 — G. de la Tour xcviii. 129 

5 . enfraynt her iage, for the whiche she 
shulde be bete with stones. id. cxliii. 203 This com- 
maundement I have enfrayned and broken. 

(enfréi'm), v. Also 9 inframe. [f. 
En-1+FRame sd.] trans. a. To set (a picture, 
etc.) in or as in a frame. b. Of surrounding 
objects: To serve asa frame to. Also fig. 

Hence Enfra’med £//. a. 


og Fraser's Mag. XVIII. 514 The boats and rafts : 
the floating bodies .. all enframed by the gaping ruin of the 


infranch. [a. AF. enfraunch-er, f. en- in + franc 
free.] = ENFRANCHISE. 

Hence Enfra‘nched £#/. a. 

1581 Marseck Bk. of Notes 193 By him we be enfraunched 
from the captivitie and deakdous of the Divell. 1606 
Suaks. Ant. & Cl. m1. xiii. 149 He has Hiparchus, my en- 
franched Bondman, whom He may at pleasure whip. 162 
QuarLes Argalus & P. (1678) 55 The sovereigntie of thy 
worth rea Thy captive beautie. 1633 P. FLetcHer 
Purple Isi. 1x. xiii, Little caps and shaved head. .infranched 
bondmens guise. ‘ 

Enfranchisable (enfrant{izib'l, -tfoizab'l), a. 
[f. next+-aBLE.] That admits of being enfran- 
chised ; capable of being enfranchised. 

1880 Muirneap U/piani. § 25 It — «competent to en- 
franchise the twenty-five enfranchisable within the lower 
numbers. 

Enfranchise (enfra'ntfiz, -tfoiz),v. Forms: 
6 enfraunches(e, -ize, 7 -ise, enfranchiz, 6- 
enfranchize; also 6-7 infranchese, -ise, in- 
fraunchise. [ad. OF. enfranchiss-, lengthened 
stem of enfranchir, f. en (see En- pref.1) + franc 
free: see FRANK a. Cf, AFFRANCHISE. 

By Johnson regarded as f. En-!+ Francuise, a view of the 
derivation which has influenced the later use. The pro- 
nunciation of enfranchise, affranchise, has from 18th c. fol- 
lowed the same course as that of franchise: Buchanan 
(1766), an orthoepist of no great authority, has co _ 

» Walker 


three words: Perry (1793) has (-tf#z); Sheri 
(1790) and the majority of later Bs iol Beg have (-tfiz), but 


(-t{2iz) reappears in wiles (1835) and in Ogilvie (1850), 
and is given as an alternative in man rhe sas 


I. To admit to personal freedom. * 
1. To admit to freedom, set free (a slave or serf). 
153t Etyot Gov. 11. vii. (1883) II. 77 Thou in a priuate 


jugement were ouercommen of a | aay man but late in- 
fraunchised. 15; Houinsuep Chron. I. 123/1 He did not 
onelie baptise them, but also infranchised them of all 


seruitude and ae 1636 G. Sanpnys Paraph. Div, 
Poems 1 Sam. ii. 1, Those who served, infranchised. 
Avam Smitn W, N, I. mt. ii. 393 A villain enfranchised.. 
could cultivate it only by means of what the landlord ad- 
vanced to him. 1876 Ovwwa Moths (1880) III. 119 The Tsar 
has not enfranchised me. 

Jig. 1548 Gest Pr, Masse 127 He is both blessed and en- 
franchised from al travayl. Trvon Dreams & Vis. iii. 
37 (The] ——_ of each Christians Regeneration .. 
whereby he Infran himself from the world. @ 1754 
ble Ft 
rom in. ug. 273/r 
Sopot ipl pore BE 

+b. To set free from political subjection. Ods. 

¢ 1600 Norven Sfec. Brit., Cornw. (1728) 7 Vntill the 
Britons enfraunchized themselves by a generall reuolte. 1606 
Suaxs. Ant. & CZ. 1.i. 23 Take in that Kingdome, and In- 
franchise that. 1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 556 
‘To be infranchiz’d with full liberty equall to thir Con- 


querours. 5 
2. To release from confinement; chiefly ¢ransf. 


him, I thinke verily = 
1588 Suaxs. Jit. A. 1. ii. 125 From that wombe wl 
you impri were He is inf 
1598 [see Enrrancuisep.] 1626 ‘T. H, tr. Caussin's 
Crt. 160 Break your fetters, enfranchiz your selfe. 
Cox Salv. Mundi ix, (ed. 3) 201 Lib and enfr 
that which is good. 
+b. humorously. To get (a thing) free. 
1682 D’Urrey Butler's Ghost 16 This. . Fierce Blade from 
‘ul sheath he lugs; For, putting chape betwixt his 
SR — — ease, es ‘dit. ts, 1 
. To release from obligatory payments, lega 
liabilities, etc. 70 enfranchise a copyhold or lease- 
Hold estate: to convert it into freehold. 


Le 


h franchised in Israel from 
1818 Cruts: As eee! III. 107 The lord of a manor enfranch- 
ised a copy! ee ted 


ENFRANCHISED. 


II. To admit to municipal or political privileges. 
+4. To make ‘free’ of a municipality or cor- 
poration. Const. zzto, Also fig. Obs. 

1514 Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 6 The crafte and misterye of 
Surgeons enfraunchesid in the Citie of London. 1602 Fut- 
BECKE Panxdects 56 If they were enfraunchised of a hundred 
cities. a 1628 F. Grevitte Siduey (1652) 53 This was the 
first prize which did enfranchise this Master Spirit into the 
mysteries and affairs of State. a@1655 Vines Lora’s Supp. 
(1677) 170 He..must submit to the laws and rules of that 
Corporation he is free of, whether to be enfranchized or 
disfranchized. c 

5. To make (a city or town) ‘ free’ by charter ; 
to invest (it) with municipal rights, Now chzefly, 
to invest with the right of being represented in 
parliament. 

1564 Hawarp E£utropius v1. 53 When he cam into Siria he 
enfraunchised Seleucia. 1655 Futter Ch, Hist. 1. iv. § 2 
Verolam-cestre was at this time enfranchised with many 
Immunities. 1 Lp. BroucHam Brit. Const. xiv. (1862) 
212 She added no less than sixty-two burgh members, chiefly 
by enfranchising petty burghs. 

6. To admit to membership in a body politic 
or state; to admit to political privileges; + to 
naturalize (an alien). Now chzefly, to admit to 
the electoral ‘franchise’ or right of voting for 
members of parliament. 

1683 Brit. Spec. 196 He hath by his Prerogative Power to 
enfranchise an Alien. 171x Strype Parker an. 1595 (R.), 
He [Dr. Baro] being an alien, ought to have carried himself 
quietly and peaceably in a country where he was so humanely 
harboured and infranchised. 1839 THirLWALL Greece II. 
74 He is said to have enfranchised not only aliens.. but 
slaves. 1884 Ties (weekly ed.) 26 Sept. 2/1 We want..to 
enfranchise those great masses of the people. 

b. fg. To naturalize (foreign words; rarely, 
foreign plants). ? Ods. 

1601 HoLLanp Pliny I. 359 Cherry-trees, Peach-trees, .. 
are held for aliens in Italy. Howbeit, some of them now 
are infranchised and taken for free denizens among vs. 
1668 Witkins Real Char. 1. ii. § 2. 8 By enfranchising 
strange forein words. @1748 Watrs(J.), These words have 
been enfranchised amongst us. : 

Enfranchised (enfra‘ntfizd, -tfaizd), ppl. a. 
[f ENFRANCHISE v. + -ED1,) In senses of the 
verb. 

1579-80 Nortu Plutarch 531 (R.) Fabius Rullus..put from 
the senate certain bondmen infranchised. 1398 CHAPMAN 
Iliad 1. 94 Till her enfranchis’d feet Tread Chrysa under. 
1643 Mitton Divorce xiii. (1851) 54 The enfranchiz'd life 
and soul of man. @ 1720 SHEFFIELD(Dk. Buckhm.) Wés. 
(1753) I. 49 Where the enfranchis’d soul at ease can play, 
@ 1845 Barua /ugol. Leg. (1877) 15 Many a mischievous 
enfranchised Sprite Had long since burst his bonds of stone 
or lead. 1884 GLapstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/5 Enfran- 
chised occupiers of buildings of ro/. clear annual value. 

chisement (enfra‘ntfizmént). Also 
6-7 in-. [f. as prec. + -MENT.] The action of 
enfranchising ; the state or fact of being enfran- 
chised. 

1. Liberation from imprisonment, servitude, or 
political subjection. Also fig. 

1595 SHAKS. Fo/ Iv. ii. 52 My selfe and them..heartily 
request Th’infranchisement of Arthur. 1601 — ¥xd. C. ut 
i. 8x Cry out Liberty, Freedome, and Enfranchisement. 
a@ 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law vi. 30 An instru- 
ment of manumission, which is an evidence of my en- 
franchisement. 1630 PryNNE A xti-A rimin. 147 He hath pro- 
cured an absolute enfranchisement from hell, 1693 DrypEN 
Persius Sat. u1.(R.), False enfranchisement with ease is 
found. 1848 tr. Mariotti’s Italy Il. i. 7 The enfranchise- 
ment of Italy formed the text of all their proclamations. 
1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxviii, He had com- 
menced the legal formalities for his enfranchisement. ne 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 4 The enfranchisement of the indi- 
vidual from bondage to a collective religious tradition that 
had lost its virtue. i 

a. Admission to the ‘freedom’ of a city, 
borough, or corporation, or to the citizenship of 
a state; admission to political rights, now esf. to 
the electoral franchise. b. The conferring of privi- 
leges (now chiefly the right of parliamentary re- 
presentation) upon a town. 

1628 Coke Ox Litt. 1.137 b, Enfranchisement..the in- 
corporating of a man to bee free of a Company or Body 
Politique. x Wanpswortu Sf. Pilgr. viii. 83 His .. 
Maiestie..would confirme vnto me my Patent of Infran- 
chisement. 1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1.i. § 3(R-), 
The amplitude and infranchi of h reason can- 
not be said properly to be impair’d by these limits. 1685 
Baxter Paraphr. N. T. Acts xvi. 37 Paul was a Roman 
by enfranchisment. ag ginger sak Cicero ut. xxiv. (R.), 
Certain cities..of which he is desirous to procure the en- 
franchisement. 1794 S. WittiaMs Vermont 232 The same 
privileges, i ities, and enfranchi ts. 1869 SEELEY 
Lect. & Ess. i. 13 It was not enfranchisement that they 
wanted, it was simply military protection. 

3. The action of making lands freehold. 

1876 Dicsy Real Prop. x. 396 Enfranchisement. .consists 
in the conveyance of the freehold by the lord to his copy- 
hold tenant. 


Enfra‘nchiser. [fas prec. +-ER.] One who 
or that which enfranchises ; in senses of the vb. 


1632 SHEeRwoop, Enfranchiser, affranch . 1650 R. 
Strapyitton Stvada’s Low C. Warres vu. 80 aes, him- 
eos 
an 


selfe to be the sole Infranchiser of Holland. 1 
Call. 1. v. 36 He will tell us that the disbelief o 

another life, is the great enfranchiser of mankind. +796 
Month. Mag. 11. 778 Timoleon, the enfranchizer of Sicily. 
1880 Muirueap Gaius 1. § 56 The estates of [deceased] 
latins belong to their enfranchisers. 


173 


Enfra‘nchising, 24/. sd. [f. ENFRANCHISE v. 
+-ING1.] The action of the verb ENFRANCHISE, 
in its various senses. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 42 b, The Lorde maye make 
manumission and infraunchissinge to his villaine. 1600 
Hottanp Livy 870 (R.) The multitude, so augmented by 
the enfranchising of slaves. 1688 Addr. fr. Totness in 
Lond, Gaz. No. 2347/1 Your most Gracious Declaration of 
Indulgence, for the enfranchizing of Conscience. 1787 T. 
Jerrerson Writ. (1859) II. 92 The enfranchising the port 
of Honfleur at the mouth of the Seine. 

Enfraught (enfr‘t), 2. rare—. [f. En-1+ 
Fraucut.}] Laden, charged, filled. Const. wth. 

1866 J. Rose tr. Ovia’s Fasti u. 818 The regal youth, En- 
fraught with envy..Burnt with a lover’s fires. 

ay, obs. form of AFFRAY. 

Enfree, -freedom, -freeze: sce En- pre/.1 

Enfrenzy (enfre‘nzi), v. Also 7 (after Gr. 
analogies) emphrensy. [f. EN-1 + FRENzY.] ¢rans. 
To throw into a frenzy. In quot. adso/. 

Hence Enfre‘nzied ///. a. 

a 1656 Br. Hatt St. Paul's Combat (R.), His tooth like a 
mad dog’s envenomes and emphrensies. 1823 Blackw. Mag, 
XIII. 327 Blanch .. enfrenzied shrieks. @ 1845 BarRHAM 
Ingol. Leg, Farvis's Wig., With an enfrenzied grasp. 

Einfrieze, enfringe, enfroward, enfud- 
dle: see En- fref.1 1b, 2, 3. 

+Enfu'me, v. Ods. Also 7 infume. [ad. F. 
enfume-r:—L. infiimare, f. in + Phase ood smoke.] 
trans. To expose to the action of smoke. a. To 
give a smoky taste to (wine). b. To dry in smoke. 
ec. To make dingy, obscure with smoke. d. To 
blind as with smoke. Hence Enfu-med ///. a. 

1601 HotLanp Péiny I. 406 Other [grapes] they suffer to 
be dried in the smoke of smiths forges, wherby they get the 
very tast of infumed wine. 1603 Davies Jicrocosmos (1876) 
38(D.) Perturbations. .so enfume them that they cannot see. 
1607 TorseLt Four-/f. Beasts (1673) 21 The brain of an Asse 
steeped in sweet water and infumed in leaves .. easeth the 
falling evill. 1658 Hewyr Sev. 177 (T.), Let them no 
more produce their enfumed titles. 

+ Enfu‘ndying, v7. sb. Sc. Obs. In 4 en- 
fundeyng. [app. f. *ex/fundy, a. OF. enfondre to 
be benumbed with cold + -1nG1.] Benumbed with 
cold. 

¢1375 Barsour Bruce xx. 75 (Edin. MS.) This malice of 
enfundeyng [other texts ane fundyng] Begouth, for throw 
hys cald lying .. Him fell that hard perplexity. 

Engage (engéi'dz), sd. [f. next vb.; cf. It. 
tngageto. | 

+1. a. Engagement, bargain. b. The state of 
being engaged or entangled ; embarrassment, peril 
(cf. ENGAGE v. 13). Obs. 

1589 PuttenHAM Eng. Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 241 Nor that 
it came by purchase or engage. 1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's 
Met., xu.76 Nestor. .implor'd to his ingage Vlysses helpe. 

2. In Sword-exercise : (the vb. in the imperative 
used sedbst.: see ENGAGE v. 17). 

1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 142 Come to the ‘ Engage’. 
1871 Daly News 14 Jan., Men ..sat down cheerfully in 
their saddles, and brought their swords to the ‘engage’. 

Engage (engéi'dz), v. Forms: a. (6 en- 
guage, 7 engadge), 6- engage. 8B. 6-8 ingage. 
[a. F. engage-r, f. en (see En-1) + gage pledge (see 
GaGE, WAGE): cf. the equivalents Pr. exgatgar, 
enguatjar, engatjar, It. tngaggiare. 

The trans and reff. senses (exc. 19) approximately follow 
the senses of Fr. engager; the intr. senses and the ¢rans. 
sense 19 are of English development.] 

I. To deposit or make over as a pledge. 

+1. trans. To pledge or pawn (movable pro- 
perty); to mortgage (lands, houses, etc.). Ods. 

1525 Lp. Berners Froiss. II. cxiii. [cix.] 322 His brother 
had before that enguaged the thre forsaid castels for 
florens. 1577 Hotinsuep Chron. II. 28 Duke Robert. .en- 

aged a portion of his duchie of Normandie to his youngest 
Brother Henrie for a great sum of gold. 1581 LAMBARDE 
Eiren, Ui. vii. (1588) 280 The Ciuilians doe adiudge it theft, 
if one (that laieth his goods to pledge) do embesell them 
from the partie to whom they were engaged. 1624 Capt. 
Situ Virginia 1. 3 For an armour he would haue ingaged 
vs a bagge ofpearle. 1669 Penn Vo Cross xviii. § 9 Persons, 
who by their Excess... have deeply engaged their Estates. 

2. fig. To pledge, offer as a guarantee (one’s 
life, honour, etc.) ; also, to expose to risk, com- 
promise. vare in mod. use. 

1568 Nort tr. Guenuara’s Diall of Princes (1619) 709, 
I .. admonish the .. Officers of Princes not to sell, 
chaunge, nor engage their liberties as they doe, etc. 
1599 Daniet Civ. Wares v. The Queene perceiuing in 
what case she stoode, To lose her Minion, or ingage her 
State. 1600 Suaxs, A. Y. ZL. v. iv. 172 This to be true, I 
do engage my life. 163: Heywoop Maid West u. 1. Wks. 
1874 II. ibe My honour, faith and country are ingag’d. 
1655-60 Stantey Hist, Philos. (1701) 477/1 All this we say 
without engaging our Opinion. 1677 bars Venice 63 By 
a ridiculous Custom this Admiral. .engages his Life there 
shall be no Tempest that day. 1776 Gisson Decl. § F. I. 
xviii. 493 Others had engaged their doubtful fidelity to the 
emperor. 1855 Cpt. WisEMAN Fadio/a 238 But my honour 
is engaged. 

II. To bind or secure by a pledge. 

+3. To make (a person) security for a payment, 
the fulfilment of an undertaking, etc. ; ‘to render 
liable for a debt 40 a creditor’ (J.). Ods. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. m1. ii. 264, I haue ingag’d my selfe 
to a deere friend, Ingag’d my friend to his meere enemie 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


ENGAGE. 


To feede my meanes. 1639 Massincer Unnat. Combat 
un. iii, Yet detain from us The debt .. We have made you 
stand engaged for. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xxii. 117 He 
that lendeth it..understandeth those onely for his debtors, 
that are engaged. 

4. To bind by a contract or formal promise. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne (1634) 493 Hazarding rather to 
consume, then engage themselves to feminine embrace- 
ments. 1617 Hieron Wks. 11. 332 These vowes were the 
solemne promises, by which he..ingaged himselfe to God. 
1702 RowE Amd. Step-Moth. 1. i. 1644 My Father's 

ate dissolves that Truce to which I stood ingag’d. 1855, 
Mot ey Dutch Rep. v. i. (1866) 659 He declined engaging 
himself not to recall his foreign soldiery. 

b. spec. To bind by a promise of marriage ; to 
betroth. Chiefly Aass. and ref. (See also 6 c.) 

1727 Fietpinc Love in Sev. Masa. Wks. 1775 I. 31 Since 
nothing else will do, I am engaged by all the strength of 
vows and honour, 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 648 He 
was engaged to a young lady of gentle blood. 1867 ‘T'rot- 
LoPE Chron. Barset 1. xxx. 257 What would you think of a 
girl who could engage herself to any man under such cir- 
cumstances? 

ce. In mod. use often in Zass. with weaker sense : 
To have promised one’s presence, made an ap- 
pointment, etc., for any purpose of business or 
pleasure. 

1885 L. B. WaLrorp Naz, &c. I. 79 He has asked Nan 
[to dance] before, but she was engaged. Mod. I am en- 
gaged for to-morrow, but could dine with you on Monday. 

5. [With etymological sense of securing by pay- 
ment of earnest-money: see GaGr, WAGE. | 

a. To hire, secure the services of (a servant, 
workman, agent, etc.). Also 7efl. of a servant, 
etc.: To enter into an agreement for service. 

1753, Hanway raves (1762) 1. Introd. 13 A british sub- 
ject who engaged himself as a factor to the russia company. 
1860 TyxpaLt Glac. 1. § 24. 169 Balmat was engaged at 
this time as the guide of Mr., etc. 1862 TRoLtopE Orley /, 
xiii. 100 We have engaged the services of Mr. Aram. 1876 
Green Short Hist. vi. § 6. (1882) 325 Thomas Cromwell .. 
was certainly engaged as the commercial agent to one of 
the Venetian merchants. J/od. He has engaged himself to 
an engineer. ; 

b. To bespeak or secure (something) for one’s 
own or another’s use or possession, 

1795 Soutuey Lett. fr. Spain (1799) 10 The boxes [in the 
theatre] are engaged by the season, 1820 Moorcrort 7rav. 
(1841) I. 199, I laid in a considerable quantity of wheat flour 
at 'landi, and engaged carriers and ponies for its transport. 
Mod. 1 have engaged rooms at the hotel. This seat is 
engaged. Engage places for us in the coach. 

6. intr. for reff. (in senses 4, 5). a. gen. To 
pledge oneself; to enter into a covenant or under- 
taking. Const. 4o with 2/f, or subordinate clause ; 
+ rarely zo, wnto, with sb. as obj. Also, to ‘ war- 
rant’, pledge one’s credit, assert on one’s own re- 
sponsibility chad. 

1613 R. C. Tadle Alph. (ed. 3), /ugage, lay to pledge, binde 
himselfe. 1647 FULLER Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 127 
How proper the remedy for the malady I engage not. 1649 
Be. Reyno.ps Hosea iv. 57 A manifestation of that love in 
some promise or other, ingageing unto assistance. 1650 
Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 184 His Lordship. .was to engadge 
it should be repaid in that time [3 yeares]. 1661 Pafers on 
Alter, Prayer Bk. 100 Renouncing the flesh, etc. And in- 
gageing into the Christian belief. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. 
ul. iv. (1673) 335 When Christ promises so much to them 
who engage with him. 1720 Col. Rec. Penns. III. 100 
Our Indians have repeatedly engaged to me that they would 
go nomore out to War. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 118 Bg 
The man..has no other care than to collect interest, to 
estimate securities, and to engage for mortgages. 1787 T’. 
Jerrerson Writ, (1859) II. 303 The court of London en- 
gaged not to abandon Prussia. 1869 FREEMAN Norm. 
Cong. II. xii. 242 Harold further engaged to give his sister 
in marriage to an unnamed Norman noble. 1878 Brown- 
inG Poets Croisic xviii, Croisic, I'll engage, With Rome 
yields sort for sort, in age for age. 

b. Zo engage for: to be answerable for, guar- 
antee ; /afer, to undertake to perform, to promise. 
Rarely in zxdirect passive. 

1680 Butter Rev. (1759) II. 70 Some near Friend .. en- 
gaged for his Honesty and good Behaviour. 1708 Swirt 
Sacram. Test, How chea fully they engaged for the safety 
of the nation. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. II. 
xxxviii. 68 He could not engage for their [Fakires’] Safety 
among his Countrymen. 1748 RicHARpsoN Clarissa (1811) 
IV. 348 Her wishes..were gently intimated, and as readily 
engaged for. 1813 Jane Austen Pride § Pre7. i. 2 It is 
more than I engage for, I assure you. 1866 CARLYLE 
Inaug. Addr. 171 That is pretty much all I can engage for. 

+c. To betroth oneself (see 4 b.). Obs. rare. 

1722 De For Relig. Courtsh. 1, i. (1840) 9 She will know 
how it is as to that, before she engages. 

To agree wth a servant, workman, or em- 
ployé for hired service. Occas. with zndirect pass. 
(Mostly superseded by 5 a.) 

1791 SMEATON Edystone L. (1793) §$ Fig Till preRes per: 
sons could be engaged with and sent off. 1825 T. Cosnetr 
Footman's Directory 217 cea A ladies and gentlemen will 
not engage with any one who does not know town well. 

e. Of a servant, etc.: To take service (with a 


master or employer). Cf. 4 a. 
Mod. Before I engage with another master, I will, etc. 
7. trans. In wider sense: To bind by moral or 
legal obligation. Const. ¢o with sd, or cf. 

. Cuas. I Answ. Earles of Bristol § Dorset 5 The mu- 
nicipall and fundamentall Lawes of that Nation ingage the 
Subject to .. strictnesse of obedience. 1659 Hammonp Ox 
Ps. xviii. 1 Paraphr. 94, I stand ingaged, most p ly 


ENGAGE. 


to love, and bless, and magnifie thee. 1672 Grew Anat. 
Plants, Idea Philos. Hist. Pl. § 8 The present Design 
will ingage us, to an accurate and multifarious Observation 


lants. 
+b. To lay under obligations of gratitude; to 
oblige. Const. ¢o (a person), or simply. Obs. 

1626 D’Ewes in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 322 111. 214 By which 
I assure my selfe further ingaged, then by your most kind 
acknowledgement anye 9g 4 disc! > Heywoop 
Maid West u.iu. Wks. 1874 11. 376 Good gent ——e 
me so far to you. 1648 CromweLt Lett. 8 Mar. (' 'yle), 
I am engaged to you for all your civilities. 1655-60 STAN- 
Ley Hist. Philos. (1701) 101/1 If thou protect him, thou 
wilt preserve our friend and infinitely engage us. : 

+e. In fass.: To be ‘committed’ fo (certain 
opinions). Oés. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w. vi. 339 They are desti- 
tute of any satisfactory Evidence, to any person that is not 
strangely and impotently engaged to them. x 

8. To urge, exhort, persuade, induce; said both 
of persons and of motives, etc. In 18th c. often 
approaching the sense of Fr. exgager ‘to invite’. 


Ow rare. 

1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv. ww. vii. (1854) 280 That all 
may be rather convinced and engaged by argument and 
truth. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 963 O .. example high ! In- 
gaging me to emulate. 1716-8 Lapy M. W. Montacue 
Lett. 1. xxii. 66 Her highness .. when I left her, engaged 
me to write toher. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 1. viii. 166 He 
engaged the grand-master of the templars by large presents 
..to put him in possession of Gisors. 1791 SMEATON Edy- 
stone L. (1793) § 313 The high wages. .did not engage them 
to secure themselves with a sufficient stock of provisions. 
1839 Keicuttey //ist. Eng. 1. 105 He engaged them to de- 
clare in his favour. 1862 KincToN Fredh. 11, V1, xiii. 171 
Enzio had engaged the Castle. .to surrender. 

+b. with sb. of action as obj. Ods. 

1742 Jounson L. P., Sydenham, The author which gave 
him most pleasure, and most engaged his imitation. 

9. To gain, win over, as an adherent or helper. 
Gf. 5:4, arch. 

1697 Potter Antig. Greece m1. vii. (1715) 65 Whom Paris 
had engagd to his Party by a large sum of Money. 1741 
Watts /mprov. Mind xv.(1801) 14 Engage the God of truth 
on our side. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 95 ® 19 Such 
is the hazard of..engaging reason against its own deter- 
minations. 1779 — L.P., Blackmore Wks. 111.174 To en- 
gage poetry in the cause of virtue. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India 1. v. ii. 372 For the sake of the bribes with which 
the Duan took care to engage him. 

+b. To secure for oneself (help, sympathy, 
approval). Ods. 

1725 Pore Odyss. xm. 345 Alcinous to persuade, To raise 
his wonder, and engage his aid. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa 
(1811) I. ii. 8 Those hoes approbation we wish to engage. 

. To attach by pleasing qualities ; to attract, 
charm, fascinate. Cf. 14. Also absol. Now rare; 
cf. ENGAGING ffl. a. 

1711 Appison Sfect. No. 106 P 3 This Humanity and 
Good-nature engages every Body tohim. a 1721 Prior(J.), 
When beauty ceases to engage. 1751 Cuesterr. Let¢t. III. 
cexlv. 126 If you engage his heart, you have a fair chance 
for imposing upon his understanding. 1773 Jounson Lett. 
6 Sept. (1788) I. 126 She engaged me so much that I made 
her a present of Cocker’s arithmetick. aes Cowper Tiroc. 
147 If books that could one Their childhood, pleased 
them atariper age. 1814 Cuatmers Evid. Chr. Revel. i. 
22 Their heart is engaged by the amiable morality [of the 
gospel]. a 1876 J. i Newman Hist. Sk 1. 1. iv. 257 
Cicero engages our affections by the integrity of his public 
conduct. 

III. To cause to be held fast; to involve, en- 
tangle. 

(The physical sense 11 (adopted from Fr.) appears to be 
a development from the sense ‘to put in pledge’=1. Senses 
12-16 are chiefly fig. applications of 11, but often influenced 
by the notion of branch I1.] 

11. In physical senses. 

a. To entangle, ¢.g. in a snare or net, in a bog. 
Obs. or arch, 

1602 Suaks. /fam, 11. iii. 69 Oh limed soule, that strugling 
to be free, Art more ingag’d. 1603 Fiorito Montaigne 
(1634) 266 The Barble fishes, if one of them chance to be 
engaged. 1652 J. Worpswortn tr. Sandoval's Civil Wars 
of Spain 362 The Foot stuck fast, engaged in the mire to 
the very knees. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. m1. 625 Thou 
mayst..beamy Stags in Toils engage. 

Jig. 1631 Heywoop London's Fus Hon. Wks. 1874 IV. 
271 Upon them stand Two dangerous rocks, your safety to 
ingage. 1638 Forp Fancies v. i, Those ties of nature.. 
How much they do engage. 1671 Mitton P. R. 11. 347 
That thou may’st rey seek not to engage Thy virtue. 

b. Arch. To fasten, attach. In fass. of a pillar: 
To be let into (a wall), so as to be partly en- 
closed. See ENGAGED 2. 

1 Smotiert 7vav. 94 Twelve columns engaged in the 
wall. 1776 G. Sempce Building in Water 4, id not en- 
gage them to the Brace Beams. Ruskin Sev. Lamps 
li, § 10, 73 The lowest with its pillars engaged. 1865, 
Atheneum No. 1947. 230/3 The columns are ‘ engaged’ to 
the square outer piers. ceri A. B. Epwarps Nile xviii. 49 
Engaged in the brickwork on either side of the puuniodl 
entrance to this hall are two stone door-jambs. 

e. Mech. (intr. for refl.) of a portion of ma- 
chinery, as a cog-wheel, etc.: To interlock with, 
fit into a corresponding part. 

1884 Pall Mall G. 28 Aug. 5/2 Engages with the cylinder 
and locks it for firing. 

12. +a. trans. To cause (esp. an armed force) 
to penetrate zv/o the interior of a country, into a 
ded le, mountain pass, etc. (so as render with- 


174 


engage 
D.. 1855 Motuey Dutch Kp. v. v. (1866) 748 ‘The mortal 
i: the I, Sains ont the | 9 Malet oon, 


engage our Body of Horse too far into that enclosed coun- 
try. 1686-7 Burnet 7'rav. iii. (1750) 166 We engage into 
that Range of Hills that —. Name of Apennines. 
on Sey Pata tie hardness of the Season, 

him from engaging himself further into Transyl- 


vania. 1854 Tuackeray Newcomes I. 127 Mr. 


+13. To entangle, involve, commit, mix up (in 
an undertaking, quarrel, etc.). Const. zz, less 
often znto, to, with. Obs. 

@ 1586 Sipney (J.), So far had we engaged ourselves. .that 
we listed not to complain. 1625 Bacon Zss. Travel (Arb.) 
#3 They will engage him into their owne Quarels. 

VELYN Mem, (1857) I. 8 When — the peri 
whereto its excess had engaged her. 3 Sir C, Lyrret- 
ton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 29 For I was deeply engaged 
w't him upon a planting interest. 1680 ButLeR Kew. (1759) 
I. 217 These Follies had such Influence on the Rabble, As 
to engage them in perpetual Squabble. 1714 Burnet 
Own Time (1823) 1. 440 Into this the King of Sweden, 
then a child, was engaged: so it was called the triple 
alliance. 1727 Swirt 7o Very Young Lady, To engage 

ou, by his insinuations, in misunderstanding with your 

t friends. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) VII. xvu. 
272 He had engaged his city in the Achzan league. y 

+b. intr. for refl. To entangle, involve, or mix 
oneself up. Const. 2, less often among, into. Obs. 

1657 S. W. Schism Dispach't 567 Yet hee will needs 
have mee engage into such questions. a 1667 CowLey 
Obscurity, If we engage into a large Acquaintance .. we 
set open our gates to the Invaders of most of our time. 
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 36. ? 3 Much earlier than we 
engage among the actions and passions of mankind. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. II. 208 The nation again engaged 
in debt. 

14. trans. To attract and hold fast (attention, 
interest) ; formerly also with personal obj., ‘to 
hold by the attention’ (J.). Cf. 10. 

1642 Futter Holy § Prof. St. w. x, 286 Their Auditours, 
generally as engaged as the Disputants, will succour their 
Champion with partiall relations. 1691-8 Norris Pract, 
Disc. 1V. 221 Nothing .. fit to stay or ingage a Soul that 
is Capable of Enjoying God. 1711 Suarress. Charac. i. 
(1737) III. 351 He admires, he contemplates; but is not 

et ingag’d or interested. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 503 P 2 

er form .. engaged the eyes of the whole congregation in 
an instant. 1773 Mrs. Cuarone /mprov. Mind (1774) I. 2, 
I will hope that your attention may be engaged, by 
Truths of the highest importance. 1832 Hr. Martineau 
Life Wilds Pref. 12 Will impress the memory and engage 
the interest. 

15. trans. To provide occupation for, employ 
(a person, his powers, thoughts, efforts, etc.). 
Now nearly always passive. Formerly also, + to 
make use of (an instrument). 

1648 Gace West Ind. xx. (1655) 157 Beginning now to re- 
pent me of what I was now ingaged in. 1651 Life Father 
Sarfi (1676) 89 It would be necessary to engage a volume 
of praises. i Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 219 The 
Iron Pin in the Hole of the Beam kept it to its due dis- 
tance from the Center; so that neither hand was ingaged 
to guide it. 1678 Bunyan Pélgy. 1. Author's Agee bes 
hold how he ingageth all his Wits. 1680 ButLer Rem. 
(1759) X. 5 Both Armies..Are in a bloody Fight engag’d. 
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I1. 31 It [is] a question which 
has engaged better heads and pens than mine. 181g 
Scribbleomania 242 Mr. Dibdin is engaged in writing a list 
of the classical library of the Earl of Spencer. a 1847 Mrs. 
Suerwoop Lady of Manor lV. xxvi. 246, I contrived to seem 
pa a with my guitar. 1864 J. H. Newman Afol. App. 
11 Many of them are engaged on one subject. 1872 Ray- 
MOND Statist. Mines & Mining 306 Producing excellent 
milling ore at a handsome profit to the men engaged in it. 

16. zntr. for ref. ‘To embark in any business’ 
(J.); to enter upon or employ oneself in an action, 
Const. z#, formerly 0, upon, and simply. Cf. 13 b. 

1646 Cuas. I Church Govt. (1849) 43, I will not engage upon 
new questions not necessary for my purpos 1671 GUMBLE 
Life Monck, In whatsoever condition c had engaged, he 
had found or made a great Fortune. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. 
(1691) 47 The restored Irish .. will be careful how they en- 
gage any more upon a frivolous, impious Undertaking. 
1732 BerkeLey Ser. Wks. III. 241 Those who at this day 
engage in the poegenen of the gospel, 1749 CuestTerr. 
Lett. Il. ccvii. 292 He engaged young istinguished 
himself in business. 1825 Soutney Paraguay ww. vi, Not 


already fully engaged. /é/d. v1. i. 770 The fierce combat 
had already been in ‘kness. 

c. 1647 CLarenvon Hist. Red. 1.48 The earl of Holland 
— a a body of es — + it 
tag e Scots army’ e with it. 1697 RY- 
DEN Virg. Georg. 1. East and West ingage, at 
their Nat ang dong Ibid. mt. 418 Ev'n the fearful 
dares for his Hind e. 1762-71 H. Warote Ve ‘s 
Pa pao ee 0700 - 239 On the outside phonon = 

on his tnut horse, men at a distance. 

Craspe Village 1. Wks. 1834 iP fr hat hoary swain, 
whose age Can with no cares except its own engage. 1823 
Soutuey Hist. Penins. War 1.102 The mob..did not ven- 
ture to e agai ketry with their 
knives. Zoe Martineau Soc. Amer. 111. 59 One day 
he met a man muffled in a cloak, who engaged with him .. 
and stabbed him. 

19. trans. (= ‘to engage with’: see 18.) To 
attack, enter into a combat with (an army, a 
ship); also (now rarely) Se. 

Luptow Mem. 1. 47 We lost..a favourable op- 
portunity of engaging the enemy. 1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. 
(1714) I. 365 Tarquin .. engaged B sag, Sateen and was de- 
feated. 1709 Pore Ess. Crit. 556 These monsters, Critics ! 
with your darts engage. 1709 Lond. Gaz. No. 4547/2 He.. 
was obliged to engage her to Leeward. 1 Voy. 
I. xi. - We _ not beagle tot — A <4 
gaging her to advan: 1 . Jerrerson Writ. (1859) I. 
549, I have “7 =f b the tob trade on a 
more general 1839 KeicutLey Hist. Eng. 1. 68 On 
the right bank of the river they were engaged by the Earls 
Edwin and nome 5 pl ole \ 

|| Engagea‘nts, s?. //. . Also 7 en-, 
sngageant(e)s. [Fr.] (See quot. pr st 

1690 Songs Costume (849) 188 About her sleeves are en- 
gageants. a ps ady's Dict., Aingageants are double 
ruffles that fall over the wrists. 1695 Motreux S¢. Olon's 
Morocco 94 Sleeves of these Vests..would be much like our 
Womens Engageantes, 1748 ELarthg. Peru iii. 257 They 
are sometimes open like long engageants, worn also in the 


days of King Henry V. 
Engaged (engéi'dzd), Api. a. [f. ENGAGE v. 
-ED1.] 


+ 

1. In various senses of the verb. a. + Entangled. 
b. + Obliged, attached by gratitude. ¢. Locked 
in fight. d. That is under a promise to marry; 
betrothed. 

1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 137 The sands .. with a lingring 
cruelty swallowed the ingaged. 1665 Watton Life Hooker 
EB Not as an engaged person, but indifferently. 16: 
Vain Insol. Rome 12 Your engaged well wishing Friend 
and Servant. 1692 Locke 7oleration u1. iii, This. .is..like 
an engaged Enemy, to vent one’s Spleen upon a Party. 
1719 De For Crusoe (1858) 219 Never man had a more 
faithful, loving, sincere servant than Friday was to me .. 
perfectly obliged and en 18.. Dickens Edwin 
Drood iii, It is so absurd to be an engaged orphan. Mod. 


couples, 

2. a. Arch. Engaged column, one partly let 
into a wall in the rear. Lngaged tower (see 
quot.). b. Mech. Engaged wheels, wheels in gear 
with each other. e driver is the engaging 
wheel, and the follower is the wheel noe 

1847 Engl. Ecclesiology 154 Of the quadran; tower 
there are two varieties: the one where it is engaged, i.e. 
has the aisles flush with its western face. 1867 A. Barry 
Sir C. Be ii. 51 Engaged columns—colonnades walled 
up. 1880 C. T. Newton Z£ss. Archeol. iii. 83 A Doric 
peristyle with engaged columns. 1882 Atheneum No. 


2859. 212 The neh or ma of the nave .. are 
b me engaged ts. 1886 /éid, 21 Aug. 248/1 The 
te ae at Acton possesses what is called an tower. 


Hence + Enga‘gedly adv. Ods., in an engaged or 
interested manner ; with the feeling of a — 

1654 WuitLock Zootomia 233 (T.) Engagedly to 
“+ Enga'gedness. Obs. [f. prec. + -NESS. 
The quality or state of being engaged, bene 
or interested ; devotion to a pu! . 

1 Owen Exfos. Hebrews 11, 36 Intenseness and 
enga; of heart and soul. 1742 Mrs. Epwarps in 


desiring to engage Upon the busy world’s ous 
oe . 1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. Introd, 18 He 
had .. yy deeply in the study of languages. 1 

Macautay Hist, Eng. 1. 191 The government engaged in 
war with the United Provinces. x owett Plato (ed, 2) 
i. 3% If I had engaged in politics, I should have perished 


ago. 

IV. With reference to combat. [Specialized 
uses of III.] 

17. trans. Of combatants: To interlock (wea- 
pons). Cf. Fr. engager le fer, to cross swords, 
Also estate as To engage in eqn in quart. 

x DEN Virg. ~ 11. 341 The stooping Warriors 
a “ their coshing. Horsa x (See “Kucacme 
vb. sb.) 1881 Waite Sabre, Singlestick, etc. ror A man 
thus armed engages in quarte or tierce. 

18. a. trans. To bring (troops) into conflict 
with the enemy. b. Zo engage a combat (rare; 
after Fr. engager le combat). ¢. intr. for refl.: To 
enter into combat (w7th); also Sg. 

@ 1868 E, Epwarvs Ralegh 1. ii. 30 [They] could scarcely 


“+ Engagee (engéldzi), sd. ries [ad. Fr. 


One who is 


seen t) . 
ement (engé''dgmént). Also 7-8 in-. 
[f as prec. + -MENT. 

I. The action of engaging ; the state, condition, 
or fact of ye engaged. 


+1. The pl or mortgaging (of property) ; 
rigage, S caceniiaahsoe *, Obs. e ‘ 


a mo; 

RATHWAIT Eng. Gentlew. (1641) 351 And preserved 
Py Nei from toon ment. 1656 H Pures Purch, 
Patt. (1676) 58 An House or Land ., free from all ingage- 


ments, . 
2. A formal promise, agreement, undertaking, 


covenant. 


In 7th c. applied ious political comy pb 
Xo ths social esky Seamiinded aaetaibensbe ta’ 1607 


ENGAGER. 


between Charles I and commissioners representing the Scot- 
tish government. See ENGAGER 2. 

1624-47 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 24 He had my in- 
gagement to preach the Sunday following. 1646 E. F[isner] 
Mod. Divinity 22 The parties that were bound, are freed 
and released from their ingagements. 1651 V. Riding Rec. 
V. 96 The engagement was in theis words :—‘ I doe declare,’ 
etc. 1662 D. Dickson in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cxvi, 
This Psalm is a threefold it of the Psalmist unto 
thanksgiving unto God. 1742 RicHarpson Pamela IV, 
209 Such is your Will, and such seem to be your Ingage- 
ments. 1790 Burke #7, Rev. Wks. V. 57 The engagement 
and pact of society, which generally goes by the name of 
the constitution. 1856 Kane Avct. Expl. I. xvii. 178 An 
engagement was drawnup..and brought to me with the 
signatures of all the company. ? 

b. An ‘appointment’ made with another person 
for any purpose of business, festivity, etc. 

x j Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) v1. iii, 
Starting for a long ride on a dinner engagement. 1831 
Disrazit Yung. Duke ui. iii. (L.), We damsels shall soon be 
obliged to carry a book to enrol our engagements .. if this 
system of reversionary dancing be any longer encouraged. 
1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. § 24. 170, 1.. would have spent the 
night there were it not for my engagement with the Guide 
Chef. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 122 If you have no 
engagement, suppose that you sit down and tell me what 
passed, 1886 Sat. Rev. 6 Mar. 328/1 On the following 
morning he [a racehorse] was found to be..incapable of 
fulfilling an engagement. : e 

c. Comm. in pl. Promises to pay; pecuniary 
liabilities. In phrase, Zo meet one’s engagements. 

1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 215 They were consequently 
unable to meet their own engagements. J/od. We regret 
to inform you that Mr, A. B. is unable to meet his engage- 
ments. 5 

d. The fact of being engaged to be married ; 
betrothal. Also attrib. 

(1742 Frerpinc Yos. Andrews (L.), She knew her engage- 
ments to Horatio.] 18s9 Dickens Left. (1880) II. 86 Much 
excited and pleased by your account of your daughter’s en- 
gagement, 186x Gro. Exiot Sz/as M. 10 She [Sarah] held 
her engagement to him at anend. 1884 Q. Victoria More 
Leaves 103 Our blessed Engagement Day! A dear and 
sacred day. 

3. The fact of being engaged by an employer ; 
an ‘appointment’, salaried post. 

1884 Mrs. Kenpat in Daily News 24 Sept. 6/1 He had 
decided to go on the stage, and all that he wanted was an 
engagement. J/fod. Immediately after his engagement as 
secretary. He has obtained a lucrative engagement. 

+4. Moral or legal obligation ; a tie of duty or 
gratitude. Ods. 

1627 Massincer Gt, Dk. Florence v. ii, Since my engage- 
ments are so great that all My best endeavours to appear 
your creature Can but proclaim my wants. 1675 Brooks 
Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 416 There is no engagement from 
God upon any of his people, to run themselves into suffer- 
ings wilfully. 1726 Col, Rec. Pennsylv. Il. 257 He is 
known to lie under deep Engagements to that Party. x 
Gopwin Cal, Williams 294 Engagement and inclination 
equally led me to pass a considerable part of every day in 
this agreeable society. 5 : 

+b. Attachment, prepossession, bias. Cf. En- 
GAGE ¥. 7 c, 10. Obs. rare. 

1689 Burnet 7racts I. 77 The ingagement that People 
have to their native Homes appears signally here. 1708 
Swirt Sentiment Ch. Eng. Man, Impartially and without 
engagement. .to examine their actions. : 

+5. The fact of being entangled; involved or 
entangled condition. Ods. 

1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. hy be 325 From which mortall 
ingagement wee shall never be free. 1648 Gace West. Ind. 
xx. (1655) 158 Who had been the cause of their ingagement 
in that great danger. 1648 Symmons Vind. Chas. [ 335, I 
thought it to be a matter of so great ingagement. 5 

6. The fact of being engaged zz any occupation ; 
a piece of business requiring attention. 

1665 GLANVILL Scefs, Sci. xiv. 80 By the most close medita- 
tion and ba in pat of your minds. @1700 Rocers (J.), 
Play, either by our too constant or too long engagement in 
it becomes like an employment or profession. 1781 CowPER 
Retirement 513 From all his wearisome engagements freed. 

7. Swordsmanship. The action of crossing swords, 
See ENGAGE 17. 

1881 Waite Sabre, Singlestick, etc. 19 On crossing 
swords, which should be about nine inches apart, when it 
is called an equal engagement, press your blade, etc. 

8. The state of being engaged in fight ; a battle, 
conflict, encounter; also formerly,a single combat. 

1665 Boyte Occas. Ref. u. xv. (1675) 144 He will never 
despair of victory in an ingagement, where he may justly 
hope to have God for his Second. 1700 DrypEn /adles 
Ded., Your supposed death in that engagement was so 
generally lamented through the nation. 1710 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 4685/2 We daily expect to hear of an Engagement be- 
tween the Swedish and Danish Fleets in the Baltick. 1862 
StanLey Yew. Ch, (1877) I. ix. 180 It was the first engage- 
ment in which they were confronted with the future enemies 
of their nation. ‘ 

+I. 9. concer. in active sense: That which 
engages or induces to a course of action; an in- 
ducement, motive. Cf. ENGAGE v. 8. Obs. 

1642 Mitton Arg. conc. Militia 12 What stronger in- 
gagement can there be. .to encourage men in any desperate 

lesigne? 1680 Burnet Rochester (1692) 95 The great ex- 
pressions of his Love in Dying for us are mighty Engage- 
ments to Obey and imitate hi 1691-8 Norris Pract. 
Disc. 1V. 173 The great Motives and Ingagements to 
Obedience, 

E 

5 


agreement; a surety, guarantor. 


er (engé'dzo1). [f. ENGAGE v. +-ER.] 
: One who enters into an engagement or 
b. One who 


175 


engages in an enterprise or occupation. e¢. One 
who engages the service of another; an employer. 

1653 WATERHOUSE Afol. Learn. 125 (L.) Rash motions 
have lost noble enterprises and their engagers. 1691 Woop 
Ath. Oxon., i. 293 That [the Italian Opera] might be per- 
formed with all decency .. several sufficient Citizens were 
engagers. 1865 Reader No. 143. 342/2 Such pastimes .. 
the engager in them. 

+2. spec. One of those who signed or approved 
of the ‘Engagement’ of 1647: see ENGAGEMENT 2. 
Obs. exc. Hist. 

1650 Donne Junr. in Donne's Lett. (1651) Ded., What of 
them that were both Covenanters and Engagers too. 1650 
Lp. Cassius in Nicholas Papers (1886) 188 The confluence 
of Malignants and Engagers about him [Cuas. II] in the 
Army. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng.(1806) IV. 1x. 521 An army 
which admitted any engagers or malignants among them. 

Engaging (engéi-dzin), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. + 
-ING1,] ‘The action of the vb. ENGaGg, in various 
senses. Also attrib., as in engaging guard (Mil.). 

a Crarenvon Hist. Reb, 1. (1843) 10/1 The engaging 
the Parliament in the war. 1680 Burnet Rochester 111 
The ingaging into much Passion. 1803 Carr. Bissett in 
Naval Chron, XI. 241 This kind of engaging lasted more 
than an hour. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 138 Forming 
quickly his ‘ Engaging Guard’ to any point required. /déd. 
1. 147 Engaging .. the action of joining the sword of an 
opponent, either previous to his, or your own attack. 

Engaging (engéi-dzin), 74/7. a. [f. ENGAGE v. 
+-InG?.] That engages, in various senses. 

1. +a, Obliging (ods.). +b. Absorbing, inter- 
esting (ods.). @. Winning, attractive. 

1673 Vain Insol. Rome 11, 1 have not forgot your en- 
gaging Charity. 1692 E. Watxer Epictetus’ Mor. \xi, 
These ingaging Virtues are the Tyes, That more oblige, 
than Arts, or Amorous Eyes. 1713 BerKeLey “ss. in 
Guardian vi. Wks. I11, 163 Virtue has in herself the most 
engaging charms, 1817 J. Scotr Paris Revisit. 104 The 
walk on the old ramparts presents several most engaging 
views. 1833 B'ness BunsEN in Hare Life (1879) I. ix. 405 
She ..has always the same engaging manner. 1848 Ma- 
cauLay Hist, Eng. I. 250 His countenance was eminently 
handsome and engaging. : 

2. That makes an engagement or gives a pledge. 

1883 Glasgow Week. Her. 8 Sept. 3/2 The father of the 
infant baptised used to be addressed [in the Scotch bap- 
tismal service] as ‘ the engaging parent’, , 

3. Mech. Engaging and disengaging machinery : 
that in which one part is alternately united to, or 
separated from, another part, as occasion may 
require. (Nicholson.) 


Engagingly (engéi-dzinli), adv. 
-LY.] In an engaging manner. 

1. So as to involve a pledge; cf. prec. 2. 

1651 Baxter Jf. Bapt.124 Were it [baptism] performed 
more solemnly, particularly, and engagingly. 

2. Attractively, charmingly, winningly. 

1694 Pindaric Ode to Sancroft, How his Rays Engagingly 
Surprize! 1742 Ricuarpson Pamela III. 104 One more 
learned .. could not write as you do .. so very ingagingly. 
1805 S. & Hr. Lee Canterb. T. V. 345 Too engagingly 
peremptory, to admit of any denial from him. 1812 L. 
Hunt in Exam. 4 May 275/1 [He] is. engagingly tolerant. 

+ Enga‘gingness. Oés. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being engaging or fascinating ; 
attractiveness, seductiveness. 

1768-74 Tucker Lf, Nat. (1852) II. 313 The engagingness 
of mischief. 5 : 

+Engai‘gne. 00s. [a. OF. engaigne decep- 
tion (cf. It. zzgannare to deceive), also indignation, 
resentment.] Resentment. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 508 (Edinb. MS.) He had at 
hym rycht gret engaigne [ed. Skeat disdeyne]. 

+ Enga‘lared, 4//. Ols. rare—. Also ? en- 
golerid. [perh. f. En-1+ ga/ari Gautery.] ? Fur- 
nished with galleries. 

1523 SKELTON Gard. Laurel (Dyce) 460 A palace .. En- 
golerid [ed. 1568 Engalared] goodly with hallis and bowris. 

Engall, -gallant, -gammon, -gaol, -garb, 
-garble, -garboil: see En- fref.1 1a, 1b, 3. 

Engarland (enga‘ilind), v. Also 7 engyr- 
land, ingarland. [f. En- gref.1 + Gartanp; 
cf. Fr. enguzrlander.] 

1. trans. To put a garland upon; to wreathe 
with. Also with flowers, etc. as subj. Also fig. 

1581 Sipney AZol. Poetrie (Arb.) 60 Laurels .. to éengar- 
land our Poets heads. 1613-6 W. Browne Brit. Past. u. i, 
Powers ..Whose milde aspect engyrland Poesie. a 1631 
Drayton Leg. Piers Gaveston (1748) 205 With funeral 
wreaths ingarlanding his brows. 1830 TENNyson Arad. 
Nts. xiv, [A cloth of gold] |e ge and diaper’d 
With inwrought flowers. 1853 F. W. Newman tr. Odes 
Horace 110 To tempt the little gods, whom myrtle Frail 
and rosemary engarlands, , 

2. To surround, as with a garland. 

1598 E. Gitpin SéiaZ, v, You rotten-throated slaves Engar- 
landed with coney-catching Knaves. 1814 Cary Dante 
(Chandos) 147 That part of the cornice, where no rim En- 

arlands its steep fall. 1879 Cur. Rossetti Seek § F. ot 
Ri5ay heights form a water-shed for the low-lying fertility 
which engarlands their base. 

Hence Enga‘rlanded Z//. a. 

1858 W. Jounson /onica 82 A sister’s engarlanded brows. 

Engarment: see Ey- pref. 1a. 

+ Enga‘rrison, v. Oss. Also 7 ingarrison. 
[f En-1+Garrison.] a. ‘vans. To serve as a 
garrison in. b. To protect by a garrison. . 


[f. prec. + 


ENGENDER. 


To station as a garrison; ass. only, d. ref. 
To establish (oneself) 2, as in a garrison or 
fortification ; to entrench (oneself). 

162-15 Br. Hatt Contempl. N. T. Ww. xxxii, They that 
would hold fair correspondence with the citizens, where 
they were engarrisoned. 1640 HoweLt Dodona’s Gr. 9 
Neptune .. with a flying gard of brave winged Coursers 
doth engarrison her. 1641 Heyiin Help to Hist. (1671) 270 
There lay engarrison’d the Captain of the Crispinian Horse- 
men. 1668 W. Cuartton Efphes. § Cimm. Matrons 46 
Think it below their Courage to engarrison that Fort, 
1682 Bunyan /Yoly War 27 ‘The giant had .. ingarrisoned 
himself in the town of Mansoul. 1683 Cave Ecclesiastici 
397, I will not..engarrison myself within crowds of People. 
1716 Soutu Serm, 1X. vy. (R.), He has engarrison’d himself 
in a strong hold. 1775 Apair Amer. Indians 314 In the 
various nations where they ingarrisoned themselves. 1853 
SrocquELer Ail. Encycl., Engarrison, to protect any place 
by a garrison. 

Engastration (engesiréi‘fon). rave. [f. Gr. 
€v in+-yao7(e)p- stem of yaornp belly + -ari0n.] 
The action of stuffing one fowl inside another. 

1814 Sch. Ga. Living 87 Engastration of stuffed pies, one 
bird within another... The passion for engastration seems 
to have had its admirers in all ages. 

+ Enga‘striloque. Ols. vare—". [f. as next 
+ L. -/oquus speaking.] = next. 

1720 Hurcuinsen Witcher. i. 11 Such People are call’d 
Engastriloques, or Ventriloquists. 

+Enga‘strimyth. Ovs. Also 6 engastro- 
mith, 7 (evron. in Dicts. -mich, -imuch).  [ad. 
Fr. engastrimythe, ad, Gr. éyyaorpipvbos, f. év in + 
yaorpi, dat. of yaornp belly + pid0s speech.] One 
who appears to speak in the belly, a ventriloquist. 

1598 Sy_vEsTER Du Bartas1. ii. Decerpt (1605-7) 1, 309 All 
incenst, the pale Engastromith. . Speakes in his wombe. 1623 
Cockeram, Engastromich, one possessed, which seemes to 
speak in his belly. 1656 BLounr Glossog>., Engastri- 
muches (engastrimuchi), were those, that being possessed, 
seemed to speak out of their belly. 1708 Motteux Radelais 
iv. lviii. (1737) 238 The first, were call’d Exgastrinythes. 

Hence + Engastrimy‘thian a., that practises 
ventriloquism ; Engastrimy‘thic a., pertaining 
to, of the nature of ventriloquism. 

«1693 Urquuart Rabelais 1. xxv, The Engastrimythian 
Prophetess. 1849 S. R. Maittann /dlustr. & Enquiries 
Relating to Mesmerism 1. 58, 1 cannot help saying that 
there seems to me to be something engastrimythic in this 
case, 1851 G. S. Faser Many Mansions (1862) 125 Upon 
this, she abandoned her engastrimythic whisperings, and 
uttered aloud cry of alarm and distress, 

Engaze: see En- pre/.! 3. 

Enge, obs. f. Inc(z meadow. 

+ Engea'l, v. 00s. vare-'. In 5 engeyle. 
[ad. OF. engiel-er, engel-er, f. en- (see Ex-1) + 
geler to freeze: cf. CONGEAL.] ¢rans. To freeze. 

14.. WS. Cantad. Ff. i. 6, f. 11 (Halliw.) Stones engeyled 
falleth doune arow, Whenne that hit hayleth. 

Engel, obs. form of ANGEL. 

Engem (endze'm), v. rare. Also g ingem. 
[f. Ex-1+Gem.] ¢vans. To set with, or as with, 
gems; to bejewel. 

c1630 Drumm. or Hawtu. Poems Wks. (1711) 6/2 When 
clouds engemm’d shew azure, green, and red. 1803-49 J. 
C. Mancan Poems (1859) 98 A ring, ingemmed witha 
chrysolite. 1814 Cary Dante (Chandos) 262, I pray thee, 
living topaz! that ingemm’st This precious jewel, let me 
hear thy name. 

+ Enge‘nder, s+. Ols. Also 6 ingender. [a. 
OF. engendre, n. of action f. engendrer: see next.] 
The action of engendering or begetting; concr. 
that which is engendered; offspring, produce. 

@ 1528 SKELTON Vox Populi 365 Withe comons and comon 
ingenders. 1556 J. HEywoop Sfider § F.xxix.17 To know 
his grandam butterflise estate, With all vncles and auntes, 
of their engender, 1647 CrasHaw Poems 129 From th’ 
rising son, obtaining by Just suit, A spring’s ingender, and 
an autumn’s fruit. 

Engender (endze‘nda1). Also 4-5 engendre, 
5-7 ingender. [a. F. exgendrer, corresp. to Pr. 
engenrar, It. ingenerare:—L. tngenerare, f. in+ 
generare to beget, GENERATE, f. genus, gener-ts, 
breed, race. ] 

1. trans. Of the male parent: To beget. Const. 
on, of. Now only rhetorical or fig. 

c1325 £. E. Alit. P. B. 272 En-gendered on hem Ieauntez 
with her Iapez ille. ¢1386 CHAucer Merch. T. 28 Than 
schuld he take a yong wif and a fair, On which he might 
engendre him an hair. c¢c1400 MaunDEv. xxi. 223 Of his 
Sone Chuse, was engendred Nembrother the Geaunt. 1475 
Caxton ¥ason 77 The one espoused that other and engen- 
dryd on her a daughter. 1513 Doucias xezs x. Prol. 42 
The Fader..His only Son engendris evirmoir. 1568 GRaF- 
TON Chron, II. 625 The sayde Richarde was espoused to 
Lady Alice ..of which woman he engendered Richard, 
Joba and George. 165: Hoppers Leviath. m1, xxxvii. 233 

hen a man .. engenders his like .. it is no Miracle. 1796 
Jerrrey in Ld. Cockburn Lif ¥. (1853) II. xiii, I haue to 
seek out some angelic partner, and engender a dozen or 
two of children. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metafh. xxxix. 
(1870) II. 394 The offspring of experience engendered upon 
custom, 

+2. Of the female parent : To conceive, bear. 

1340-70 Alex, & Dind. 587 3e were alle... bred of bat modur 

t.. storms engendrep. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 612 Sexty 
geauntes be-fore engenderide with fendez. 1g09 Hawes 
Past, Pleas. ww. xx, Seven doughters .. she had well en- 
gendred. x60 Suaxs. $7. C. v. iii. 71 O Error soone con- 
ceyu’d, Thou. .kil’st the Mother that engendred thee. 1683 


ENGENDERED. 


Brit, Spec. 57 The Father and Mother, and simply those 
that ee and ingender do. .rule over all their Chi! 

3. Of both parents, also vaguely of ancestors, 
and ¢ransf. of countries, situations, conditions, etc.: 
To produce, give existence to (living — In 
passive, to be produced, begotten (Const. defween, 


of); to be descended. 
1393 Lanat. P. Pi. C. x1. 215 A rybaud pei engendrede* 
ate ome vnryghtful. 1480 Caxton Descr. [red. (1520) 2/2 


fastynge dayes 

they ben not gion with flesshe. 1549 Compl. Scot. 
Ep. Q. Mary 2 Illustir princes, engendrit of mag' 
genoligie. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. mi. (1586) 
125 b, Of the shee Asse and the Horse, is engendred the 
shee moile, 165x C. Cartwricut Cert. Relig. 1. 232 For 
what hath man deserved, why his parents should ingender 
him such, or such? 1777 Ropertson //ist. Amer. (1778) 
I. 11. 202 Elevated at some distance from the odious 
reptiles ingendered in the putrid waters. 1814 Cary Dante's 
Inf, 1, 97 The human kind, the place, the time, and seed, 
That did. engender them and give them birth. 18; Lyett 
Princ. Geol. (1875) I. 1. ii. 16 [Anaximander has n al- 
leged to have taught that] the first imperfect and short- 
lived creatures had been engendered in slime. 

+4. absol. To copulate, have sexual intercourse. 
Said of both sexes. Const. — Also fig. Obs. 

cx Destr. Tro: 59 Luff ingendreth with ioye, as in 
a just sawie. 1547 OFT ammisoN Exhort. Scottes 213 Thei 
ingendered with spirites, & brought furth 1. Giauntes. 1577 
B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hush, ut. (1586) 127 Camel .. en- 
gendreth.. backward, as the Elephantes. 1599 MAssINGER, 
etc. Old Law m. ii, His goodness has gone backward, and 
engendered With his old sins again. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 11. 
794 And in embraces forcible and foule Ingendring with me. 
1774 GoLpsM. Nat. //ist, (1776) 111. 174 With the wild boar 
os they are never known to engender. 1826 Kirsy & Sp, 
Entomol. (1828) 111. xxviii. 25 That Insecta engender only 
once in the course of their lives. 


“| trans. Misused for: To couple. 


1791 Paine Rights M.(ed.4)80 By engendering the church 
with the state. 

5. trans. + a. To produce by natural processes, 
develop, generate (plants, minerals, material sub- 
stances) (obs.). b. To give rise to, produce (a 
state of things, a disease, force, quality, feeling, 
etc.). +c. To contract (a disorder). Ods. 

@. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pro. 4 Of which vertue engendred is the 
flour. ¢1430 Lypc. Chorle & Byrde (1818) 12 Ther is a 
stone, which callid is a Jagounce Of olde engendrid within 
myn entraylle. 1553 Epen 7reat. Newe /nd. (Arb.) 6 Golde 
.. is engendred almost in al regions neare vnto the gui- 
noctial line. 1563 T. Gace Antid. u. 51 It doeth ingender 
fleshe on the bones that are bare. 1570-6 LamBarpE Per- 
amb, Kent (1826) 261 Those brookes .. doe ingendre the 
river Stowre. 1653 Cutrerrer Eng. Physic. 144 To..clense 
the Kidnies from Gravel or Stones ingendered in them. 
1671 J. Wenster Metadllogr. xiii. 202 The ground and soil 
of this Mountain. .neither ingenders, nor brings forth any 
fruit, grass, nor grain. 1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 237 Others 
resemble the onyx, being engendered of black and thick 
humours. 

b. 1340 Hampoe Pr. Consc. 1141 Lust and lykyng, that es 
flesshely Engendres the syn of lychery. 1477 Norton Ord. 
Alch, in Ashm. (1652) 64 Darknes with hardnes ingendred 
shall be. 1526 Pilgy. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 47 To plucke out 
all the olde euyll customes that by synne be engendred in 
vs. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 124 These similitudes. .ingender 
truth. 1646 RecorpE, etc. Gr. Artes 167 The quotient will 
shew you the number that engendreth the Progression. 
1692 Drypen St. Euremont’s Ess. 296 Immoderate Study 
engenders a grossness in the Mind. 1752 Hume Pod. Disc. 
vii. 118 Taxes..when carried too far, destroy industry, by 
engendring despair. 1841 Catiin NV. Amer. Ind. (1844) I. 
xlviii. 111 This stupid and useless fashion .. has most un- 
fortunately been engendered on these ignorant ang le. 1863 
‘Tynpatt Heat i. § 10 The heat engendered by the friction. 

c. 3528 Lp. Berners Frojss. II. clxxxviii. 575 They 
answered howe the kyng of longe tyme had engendred 
the same malady. 1632 Litucow 7vav. v. 192 When Ita- 
lians. .eate any quantity thereof, they presently fall into the 
bloudy fluse, or else ingender some other pestilentious fever. 

+6. intr. a. Of living things : To breed, mul- 
tiply. b. Of inorganic substances: To form, ori- 
ginate, be produced. ec. Of maladies, etc.: To 
originate, develop. Also fig. Obs. 

¢ 1386 CuAucer Prol. 421 He knew the cause of every 
maladye .. And where thei engendrid. ¢1420 Padlad. on 
Husb. 1. 308 For causes pestilent Engendring there, and 
wormes violent. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. ccccviil. 710 
Thus ther engendred hatred dayly bytwene Fraunce and 
Flaunders. 1567 Maret Gr. Forest 5b, The Cristall. .en- 
gendreth not so much of the waters coldenesse, ae Lyte 
Dodoens 1. \xx. 104 Fleas will not come nor ingender where 
it [Fleabane] is layed. a16x8 Ratricn /ustruct. Sonne ix. 
(1651) 24 As the worm that engendereth in the Kernel of 
the Nut. 1651 Howett Venice 195 An illfavourd black 
cloud began to engender against her in the Levant. 1653 
Cuvrerrer Eng. Physic. 62 To cause the stone not to in- 
gender. a17oo DrypeN (J.), Thick clouds are spread, and 
storms engender there. 1726 Leon: Alserti’s Archit. 1. 
44a, Damp that may happen to engender or gather under 
ground. wa tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 53 Bats will en- 
gender in thy belly. 1865 Draper /ntell, Devel. Europe xx. 
471 In Italy.. a dismal disbelief was silently engendering. 


ered (endze‘ndaid), ff/. a. [f. as prec. 


Men of relygyon eet barnacles u) 


+-ED.] Begotten or produced; (of a disease) 
arising within the body, non-contagious. 
x . Hersert Temple, Providence xiv, Nothing in- 


gendred doth prevent his meat, 1841 Lane Arad. Nes. 1. 
60 Diseases engendered are. .leprosy, hectic, epilepsy, etc. 

E erer (endgendora:). Also 6-7 en- 
gendrer, ingenderer, [f. ENGENDER v. +-ER.] 
One who or that which engenders, 


176 


T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 152 
itrices, that is engenderers. 


XIX. erty di ngenderers of fit 
Mag. ill more di ing e! It 
Enge'ndering, vbl. sb. [f. as prec, + -ING1,] 
of the vb. ENGENDER, in various senses. 
c Merlin vy. 81 The recorde of the engenderinge of 
the childe. 1580 Twyne (¢i#Ze) Shorte and pithie Discourse 
concerning the myy omey of all Earthquakes. 1711 
Suarress. Charac, (1737) III. 412 Not only the mere en- 
quatre of the young, but the .. methods of providing for 
them, are all foreknown. 
[f. as 


Hugendering (endgendarin), Afi. a. 
prec. + -ING.2] at engenders. 

1607 TorseLt Kour-/. Beasts (1673) 267 The excesse, or lack 
of engendring seed. a 1631 Donne Poemts (1650) 175 Though 
ingendring force from whence they came Be strong aionah. 
1646 J. Bensricce Vsura Acc. Introd. 3 Anatomizing the 
engendring wombe of his sinfulnesse against God. 1826 
Scotr Woodst. ii, A bunch of engendering adders. 

Enge‘nderment. [f.as prec.+-mENT.] The 
action of engendering ; procreation. 

1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat, I, 129/1 The engenderment of 
new individuals. 

Engendrure (endze‘ndrius), arch. Also 5 
engenderure. [a. OF. engendreure (= Pr. en- 
genradura), {. engendrer: see ENGENDER V.] 

+1. The action of engendering. a. Generation, 
procreation. b. Copulation. Ods. 

atid SuoreHAM 139 Folye hyt hys to meche to thynche 
Of the engendrure .. Of Fader and Sone. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER 
Pers. T. ® 301 Whan he useth his wyf withoute sovera’ 
desir of engendrure, 1447 BokenHam Seyntys (1835) 51 Be 
kyndly engenderure To joyen in the lykenesse of ther 
nature. 1555 Mardle Factions i. ii. 31 Those [beastes] .. en- 
creased by mutuall engendrure, the varietie, and nombre. 

2. Parentage, descent, origin. 

1362 Lanci. P, Pi. A. vu. 219 Go to Genesis be Ieaunt 
engendrure [1377 engendroure] of vs alle. ¢1475 Partenay 
5750 Off Tristram-is line was hys engendrure. 1483 Caxton 
Gold, Leg. 380/4 Fortune onely of engendrure and happe 
doth al. 1884 Sara in ///ust. Lond. News 16 Feb. 147 it is 
singular that so many prominent members of the 7imes 
staff should have been of West Indian engendrure. 

Engendure (endzendiiu). arch. Also 5 
inngendure. [Bad form of prec.] = prec. /if, 
and fig. 

1.a1400 Morte Arth. 3744 Of siche a engendure fulle littylle 
joye happyns. ¢1450 Mer/in i. 18 My moder. .natht know- 
eth of that thow puttest on hir in thy Inngendure, a@1454 
Occreve MS. Soc. Antig. 134. f. 259 (Halliwell) Leefulle 
luste is necessarie, Withouten that may be non engendure. 
2 Lams Elia (1860) 135 Crown-office Row (place of my 
kindly engendure). 1 
(1879) 247 Knowledge of the... engendure and affinities of 
our noble language. 

Engeny, var. of IncENy, Ods. 

Engerminate: see En- pref.} 3. 

Enghle: see INGLE sé. and v. 

Engild (engi'ld), v. [f. Ex-1+Gmp v.] trans. 
To gild ; also fig. to brighten with golden light. 

c1400 Afpol. Loll. 85 Trees potist of forgars, & engilt, & 
siluerid. 1590 SHaks. Mids. N. m. ii. 187 Faire Helena; 
who more engilds the night. 1855 SincLETON Virgil I. 206 
His (Eridanus’] twain horns Engilt on bull-like face, 

Engine (e'ndzin), s+, Forms: a. 4-7 engin, 
4-8 engyn(e, 4-6 engynne, (5 //. engenys, 7 
enging), 4- engine, #. 5-8 ingin(e, 6-7 in- 
gyn(n)e, (5-6 yngyne, 6 injyne, ingen, 7 in- 
gene). See also Incrny. [a. OF. engin, corresp, 
to Pr. engen, engein, engienh, Sp. ingenio, Pg. 
engenho, It. ingegno:—L. ingenium (whence In- 
GEN1OUS), f. 27 in + gen- root of gignére to beget. 

The B forms, some of which are directly influenced by 
the Lat. ingenium, appear to occur after 16th c. only in 
senses 1-3.) 

+1. Native talent, mother wit ; genius. Ods. 

From the middle of 17th c. only Sc. in 8 forms, re- 
taining the older accentuation igi'ne, and prob. regarded 
as a distinct word sp des. 538 

a. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Second Nun's T. 339 A man hath sapien- 
ces thre, Memorie, engin, and intellect also, 01391 — Astro/. 
Prol. 2, I ne usurpe nat to haue fownde this werk of m 
labour or of myn —_ 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 2 6h 
Saynt Augustyn concluded all the other by engyn and by 
scyence, 1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie nu. viii. [ix.] (Arb.) 
g5 Such .. made most of their workes by translation .. few 
or none of their owne engine. 1632 Lirucow 7vav. 1x. 
(1682) 379 High press thy [Etna’s] Flames. . But higher moves 
the scope of my Engine. 

B. x47 Norton Ord, Adch. Proem, in Ashm, (1652) 7 It 
is no small ingine To know all secreats pertaining to the 

TEWART Cron. Scot. 11. 100 It will transcend 
the strenth of my ingyne, To tell 30w all thair godlines 
diuyne. a1§72 Knox /ist. Ref. Wks. (1846) 1. 64 Kennedy 
. one of excellent injyne in Scotish poesye. 1598 B. Jonson 
Ev. Man in Hum.v. iii, Uf thy master. . be angrie with thee, 
I shall suspect his ingine, while I know him for’t. 1599 
James I BactAtxov Awpoy To Rdr., Which I wrote for ex- 
ercise of my own ingene, 1651 Futter Adel Rediv., Colet 
(1867) I, 117 Great respect had wont to be had both to the 
ingine and ingenuity of the intrants. 1788 Burns 1st Zp. 
Lapraik v, A’ that ken’t him round declar'd He had ingine. 
18.. Scott Monastery 531/2 A man of quick ingine and 
deep wisdom. 


Myne. ¢ 


Lowe. Biglow P. Poet. Wks. - 


ENGINE. 


+b. Natural disposition, temper. Se. 
¢1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron, Scot. 55 (Jam.), Wik- 
kitness, to which he was given allenarly, 
of his own 1572 Lament. Lady Scot. in Scot. 
‘oems 16th C. 11, 239 To can 1 this epee 
Bot unto one of tt ingyne. 1600 FairFax Tan L 
Ixxxiii, His fell ingine His grauer age did somewhat miti- 


gate. 

+2. Skill in contriving, ingenuity ; also, in bad 

sense, artfulness, cunning, trickery. Oés. 
¢1320 Sir Beues 2003 Ac now icham from him ifare Prou3 
sae geaee & ape 48 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) viii. 1959 
and siluer to he wan Bi losengerie an bi engin. 
1393 Gowrr Conf. II. —— women were of great engine. 
3 Merlini.20, 1 am the sone of the enmy that begiled my 
with engyn. oe tr. Sir T. More's Edw. P (1642) 2 
By what engin he first aiteenpeed his ungracious pur- 
pose. 


1549 Compl. Scot. Ep. Q. 4 Be ane diuyne 
», rather nor be the eves af toe, a 1628 B. 
Jonson in Sir J. Beaumont Bosworth F. 13 All Monuments 
of Praise, That Art, or Engine, or the Strength can raise. 
+b. In OF. phrase ma/ engin evil machination : 
see MALENGIN. Also in similar sense, fa/se, mali- 
cious engin. Obs. 

c 1440 Partonope 1440 Thought his counsell was fals en- 
= 1545 T. Raynotp Womans booke B. 4 This know- 

ge also ministreth yet a farther ingyn and polycye to 
— Deo wouk better pe etc. wf a poe 
(Copland) tv. xii, Brought to the purpose engyn 
treason and by false enchauntement. 1637-50 Row Hist, 
Kirk (1842) _ malicious ingyns in conspyreing 
aganis Kirk, King, and countrey. 

+3. An instance or a product of ingenuity; an 
artifice, contrivance, device, plot; and in bad 
sense, a snare, wile (cf. 5c. and GIN sd.1) ; also, 
in weaker sense, an appliance, means. 

The later instances are partly Ag. from 4, 5, Or 7. 

@ 1300 raha od Bl. 759 He het him telle his engin Hu 
he to blauncheflur com in. c1400 Rom. Rane 1a The 
develles engynnes wolde me take. —— Lyne. . Cott. 
Aug. iv. 28b, By what engyne the fylthes fer nor nere Were 
borne awaye. 1477 Norton Ord. Adch. i. in Ashm. (1652) 20 
To make trew. Cid is noe ingin, Except. .the Philosophers 
medicine. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I, ccccxiv. 724 To 
fynde way and engin howe to the bridge. 1583 Stany- 
Hurst A’neis 1. (Arb.) 18 Shee [Juno] soght al me 
engins In surging billows too touze thee coompanie Trojan. 
1625 Bacon Ess. Suferst. (Arb.) 345 Astronomers .. did 
faigne Eccentricks, and Epicycles, and such Engines of 
Orbs. 1635 Quartes Emb/. iii. 9 (D.) The hidden engines, © 
and the snares that lie undiscovered. ILTON 
P.L.1.750 Nor did he scape By all his engins. 
Mem. Ws. 1 31 I. 376 The Dutch and the Spaniards set 
on Foot all the Engines they could. ne ordial Low 
Spirits 1. 129 Falshood is the only Engine they have left to 
defend the Renctation of the Crape. 178 Gisson Decl. & 
F. II, xxxiii. 252 The warrior could dexterously employ the 
dark engines of policy. 

4. A mechanical contrivance, machine, imple- 
ment, tool; in 15th c, also co//ect. apparatus, 
machinery. avch.in gen. sense. (For fig. uses see 10.) 

cr R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8816 Geauntz .. 
sette - a stones = Stonehenge] = - hil ful hey With 
engyns fulle queyntely. a@ 1400-50 xander 
selere was Lo selcuthely vs Made for a merval 
to meeue with engine. ¢ 1440 . Parv. 140 Engynne, 
or ingyne, machina. c1550 Sir f Batrour Practicks 
(1754) 38 He or sche sall be put and in in the stokkis or 
sic uther ingine. 157x Mem, Ripon (1882) I. 309 Ropes and 
other yngynes. Pacitt Christianogr. mt. (1636) 48 
The Image with his engi was ~ at 
Pauls crosse, 1662 Futter Worthies (1840) III. 58 Some 
thieves (with what engines unknown) .. forced it [a chest] 
open. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 7 Our modern 8 
the br mg a > 1712-4 Pore X& Lock m, 132 He.. 
extends The little engine [a pair of scissors] on his fa. pail 
ends, 1727 Swirt Gulliver 1. viii. 87 With en- 
gines, I made a shift to turn it. 1747 Carre Hist. Eng. I. 

a5 Being Cones Sen Nes ote an engine with an iron 
atthe end. 1866 Bryant Death Slavery vii, At thy 
feet Scourges and engines of restraint and pain. 

5. spec. a. A machine or instrument used in 
warfare. Formerly sometimes applied to all offen- 
sive weapons, but poy fhe: now exclusively to 
those of size and having mechanism, ¢.g, a 
battering-ram, catapult, piece of ordnance, etc. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 9889 (Cott.), Na maner engine o were 
Mai cast par-til it for to dere. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 
IV. 429 Vespacianus destourbed pe wal wip be stroke of an 
en; (Higden arietis]. c1440 Bone Flor. 859 And they 
wythowe, yn; bende, And stones to the walles they 
sende. 1549 Corennats, etc. Erasm. Par. Hebr. xi. 30 
Sodaynely to fall without any violence of Engynes. 1598 
Haxtuyr Voy. 1. 2x They haue expelled Lions, Beares, 
& such like vntamed beasts, with their bowes, and other 
engines, red Mitton P, ZL. vi. 518 Whereof to found their 
Engins and their Balls. = "Urrey Mad. Fickle v. ii, 
And I shall make a private Room in your guts for this En- 
gine here [a rapier]. 1719 De For Crusoe (1858) 409 Bows 
and arrows, great clubs ..and such like engines of war. 
1737 FRANKLIN Ess. Wks. 1840 II. 292 The stage and the 

Lol a . A Meee 


os ig eng’ ag: gs 1777, 
pee a Philip 11, (1839) 405 Farnese .. got of 
more than dirty of in caenys ships, with all the artillery 
and engines that were on board. 1843 Prescott Mexico 
(1850) I. 365 They had no weapons to cope with these 
engines. 

+b. An ‘engine of torture’; esp, the rack. Ods, 
1430 Life St. Kath, (1884) 55 Gon full 
engyn be destruyed by be strook of heuenly en. 
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 15a, [He] was_com- 
manded to be put in engyne and torment 1879 Futke 
Heskins' Parl. 386 The words. . by no engin can be wrested. 
1605 Saks, Lear t. iv. 290 Which like an Engine, wrencht 


ENGINE. 


my frame of Nature From the fixt place. 1689 SHapwELL 
Bury F. 1. i, What an engine is this fop. 

- *e. A contrivance for catching game; a snare, 
net, trap, decoy, or the like. Cf. Gin. Obs. 

- 1481 Caxton Myrr.u. vi.77 The hunters. . by their engyns 
that they haue propire for the same take hym. 1523 Act 
14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Divers weres & ingins for 
fisshynge. 1686 N. Cox Gent/. Recr.. 141 Partridges are 
.. most easily to be deceived or beguiled with any Train, 
Bait, Engine, or other Device. /é¢d. 1. 145 Make an 
Engine in the form and fashion of a Horse, cut out of 
Canvas, and stuff it with Straw, or such light matter. 


4|d. App. confused with ezge, HINGE, or with 
the synonymous HENGILn. Ods.—° 
1554 Hu oer, Engin of a dore, vertebra. 1580 in BARET 
Alu. E 2 


. E 237. 

+6. Taken as the equivalent of L. machina (see 
Macuine) in certain specific uses. a. Engine of 
the world, after L. machina mundi (Lucretius) : 
the ‘universal frame’. b. The mechanism by 
which in a Greek theatre gods, etc. were made to 
appear in the air: cf. L. deaws ex machina. Obs. 

&. 1450-1530 Jyrr. our Ladye 220 The cloyster of mary 
beryth hym that gouernyth the thre engynes .. heuen, 
erthe, and helle, 1529 More Heresyes 1. Wks. 129/1 There 
was a god, eyther maker or gouernour or both, of al this 
hole engine of the world. 1539 Br. Hitsey Primer in 
Myrr. our Ladye 349 The governor of the triple engine, The 
Son of God of mmightes most. 1561 IT. Norton Calvin's 
Inst. 1. xiv. (1634) 73 In governing of the so swift whirling 
about of the engine of heaven. 

b. 1633 T. James Voy. 107 As if they had beene brought 
home in a dreame or engine. 1654 Trapp Commt. Ps. xviii. 
20 He appeareth as out of an Engin, and pulleth us out of 
Death’s jaws. 

7. A machine, more or less complicated, con- 
sisting of several parts, working together to pro- 
duce a given physical effect. 

As in recent use the word has come to be applied es. to 
the Steam-Encrne (q.v.) and analogous machines (see 8, 9), 
the wider sense expressed in the above definition has be- 
come almost obsolete, surviving chiefly in the compounds 
beer-engine, calculating-engine, fire-engine, garden-engine, 
water-engine (q.v. under their initial elements), 

1635 N. Carrenter Geog. Ded. 1. i. 12 An artificiall Clock, 
Mill, or such like great Engine. 1651 Hoppes Govt. § Soc. 
Author’s Pref., As in a watch, or some such small engine. 
1667 in PAil. Trans. II. 425 A Glass-Receiver of the 
above mentioned Engine [an air-pump]. 1708 J. C. 
Compl. Collier (1845) 28 If the Pit be sunk more than 
thirty Fathom;then we use the Horse Engin. 1712 Ar- 
BUTHNOT Yohn Budll (1755) 15 I'll rather wheel about the 
street an engine to grind knives and scissars. c1730 E. 
Burr Lett. N. Scot?. (1818) I. 106 An engine to chop straw 
withal. 1776 Apam SmitH W, XN, (1869) IL. 1v. viii. 243 The 
exportation of frames or engines for knitting gloves or 
stockings is prohibited. 1816 Worpsw. Thanksg. Ode (1850) 
I. 215 The tubed engine feels the inspiring blast. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1633 Costlie Whore u. i. in Bullen O. P2. IV, I feele 
within my breast a searching fire Which doth ascend the 
engine of my braine. 1667 BoyLe Orig. Formes § Qual. 

Those curious and elaborate Engines, the bodies of living 

reatures. 1697-8 Watts Relig. Fuv. (1789) 180 Our Sove- 
reign Creator formed our souls, and sent them to inhabit 
these two engines of flesh. 1842 Tennyson Two Voices 
347 No life is found. .only to one engine bound. 

@. spec. (a.) Short for deer-engine, fire-engine, 
garden-engine, etc. ‘+t (b.)=engine-loom: see 11. 
+ (c.) See quot. 1696. 

In x8th c. and still later the word eugine, when used 
spec. without defining word or contextual indication, usually 
meant ‘ fire-engine’, 

1645 Pacitr Heresiogr. (1647) Biijb, Your Engines to 
cast water upon the houses. 1670 TricG in Bedloe Pofish 
Plot (1679) 23 This Fire was most mischievously designed, 
as —s ina Siig where no Engine could come. 1696 
Phil. Trans. XIX. 345 Some [Mills] go with Sails, and 
serve also to Dreyn the Fens, and are called Engines. 
1725 Loud. Gaz. No. 6364/3 By Trade a Silk-Weaver 
on the Engine. 1 Jounson in Boswell III. 234 The 
engines will soon extinguish the fire. 1796 C, MARSHALL 
Garden. iv. ge ) 54 An engine to water the leaves of 
vines and all other wall trees. 1798 Capt. MILLER in 
Nicolas Disp. Ne/son (1846) VII. Introd. 156 A boat that 
was taking in a hawser ..I filled with fire-buckets .. and 
was putting the engine in another. 1844 W. H. Maxwe.ti 
Sports §& Adv. Scotd. viii. (1855) 87 ‘Him wot was drawin’ 
at the engine, as you passed the bar,’ 

8.=Sream-Eneinz. (This is now the prevailing 
sense, and often influences the later use of the 
word in other senses.) Often with defining word, 
as locomotive-, marine, P see ratlway engine. 

1816 Encycl. Perthensis I. 384 In consequence of the 
great superiority of Mr. Watt’s engines. .they have become 
of most extensive use. 1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Gt. 
Brit. 69 The adhesion of the wheels of an engine upon the 
rails was sufficient to effect its progression, 1852 CLoucH 
Songs in Absence 1. 2 His iron might the potent engine 

lies. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) 

i, 46 Little is left for the men but to mind the engines, and 
feed the furnaces. 1869 Eng. Mech. 26 Mar. 5/2 The goods 
engines were moderate in weight. 1878 F. Wituiams JZ7dZ. 
Railw. 654 A good engine-man takes a pride now in his 
engine, ¥ ‘ 

9. Applied to various other machines analogous 
to the steam-engine ; z.¢. to machines including 
in themselves the means of generating power. 
Chiefly with prefixed word denoting the source 
of power, as caloric-, electro-magnetic-, gas-engine. 

10. fig. (Chiefly after sense 4.) a. Of a person: 
An agent, instrument, tool. Ods. 

Vor. IIT. 


177 


1568 Grarton Chron. II. 610 He was... the very organ, 
engine, and deviser of the destruction of Humfrey the good 
Duke of Gloucester. 1672 Marve, Reh. Transp. 1. 92 
That Politick Engine who..was employed..asa Missionary 
amongst the Nonconformists. 1713 STEELE Englishi. No. 
54+ 344 Sir Francis Walsingham .. was one of the great 
Engines of State. 1767 BLackstone Comm. 11. 69 Empson 
and Dudley, the wicked engines of Henry VII. 

b. Of a thing: An instrument, means, organ. 

1590 Greene 7, Bacon (1630) 56 Now farewell world, the 
engin of all woe. 1650 Mayor-Gen. Harrison in Ellis O77. 
Lett. u, 297 ILI. 354, I thinke Faith and Praier must bee 
the cheife engines. 1664 Power Lx. Philos. 1. 68 The 
Animal Spirits .. are the chief Engine of Sight. 1762 J. 
Brown Poetry §& Mus. vii. (1763) 147 The Exhibition of 
Plays and Shews was one of the very Engines of Corruption. 
1789 Bentuam Princ. Legisl. xviii. § 18 The State has two 
great engines, punishment and reward. 1855 Prescotr 
Philip [/, 1. u. ix. 244 Never .. had the press been turned 
into an engine of such political importance. 1871 BLackie 
Four Phases i. 73 Logical analysis, the characteristic engine 
of Socrates. 

ll. attrib. and Comd.: a. attrib. (chiefly in 
sense 8), as engine-box, -funnel, -furnace, -house, 
-pump, -room, -shaft, -wheel, -work; b. objective 
with vbl. sb. or agent-noun, as exgine-tartificer, 
-construction, -driver, -maker, -tender, -tenter, 
-wright; engine-less, -like, adjs.; also engine- 
bearer (see quot.) ; engine-lathe, a lathe worked 
by machinery ; + engine-loom, one in which the 
shuttle was driven by a mechanical contrivance, 
instead of being thrown by hand ; engine-sized 
(paper), sized by a machine, not by hand in 
separate sheets ; engine-turned, ornamented with 
engine-turning; also fig.; engine-turner, one 
who performs engine-turning; engine-turning, 
the engraving of symmetrical patterns upon metals 
by machinery. 

1647 Hawarp Crown Rev. 21 *Engine Artificer : Fee fer 
diem 4d. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., */ngine- 
bearers, sleepers, or pieces of timber placed between the 
keelson, in a steamer, and the boilers of the steam-engine, 
to form a proper seat for the boilers and machinery. 1 
Contemp. Rev. Feb. 250 As if tired pedestrians should 
mount the *engine-box of headlong trains. 1887 A thenvum 
8 Oct. 463/3 ‘The gradual improvement in *engine construc- 
tion. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 66 “Enginedrivers and 
guards in America sometimes strike when a train is halfway 
on its journey. 1849 F. B, Heap Stokers §& Pokers iii. 
(1851) 43 The reeking *engine-funnel of an up-train is seen 
darting out of the tunnel. 1825 Hone /very-Day Bk. 1. 
1217 An *engine-house, belonging to the Hope Fire Assur- 
ance Company. 1832 G. Porrer Porcelain §& Gl. 49 A 
milled edge is given to earthenware in what is called an 
*engine lathe. 1885 Pald Mall G. 13 May 11/2 By me 
swept the trim, *engineless, and almost silent railway car- 
riage, driven by an invisible electro motor. 1674 FairFax 
Bulk & Selv. 136 A sort of mechanical or *engine-like 
twitchings. 1676 SHADWELL Virtuoso v.i, He that invented 
the *Engine-Loom, 1591 Percivatt Sf. Dict., Enginero, 
an “engine maker, machinarius. 1839 R. S, Rosinson 
Naut. Steam Eng. 150 The power of an engine .. is 
estimated differently by different engine makers. 1838 
Dickens O. Twist xlviii, The clanking of the “engine- 
pumps. 1839 R. S. Rosinson Naut. Steam Eng. Introd. 
8 We go into “engine rooms. 1807 Carne Relistian Tin 
Mine in Phil. Trans. XCVII. 293 The “engine shaft .. is 
situated 8 fathoms north of the widest part of the lode. 
1825 J. Nicnotson Oferat. Mechanic 671 Valves, placed 
out of the reach of the operative engineer, or *engine tender. 
1870 Daily News 22 Apr., Intimation was given to the 
*engine-tenter that they wished to be lowered down. 1844 
Dickens Mart. Chuz. xiii, A gold hunting-watch. . “engine- 
turned. 1858 O. W. Hotmes Aut. Break. T., Sel/-made 
Men, Your self-made man..deserves more credit..than the 
. engine-turned article. 1879 Print. Trades Frnd. xxvi. 
12 Pencil-cases elaborately engine-turned. 1884 F. Brit- 
TEN Watch & Clockm. 102 *Engine turning .. the wavy 
circular curves cut into the outside of watch cases for 
decoration. 1873 S¢. Paul’s Mag. Mar. 266 The “engine- 
wheels could not bite. x Hotianp Amm. Marcel. 127 
(R.) They would not lend their helping hand to any man in 
*engine-worke. 1862 Smites Engineers III. 55 George 
Stephenson was, in 1812, appointed *engine-wright of the 
colliery. 

Engine (e'ndzin), v. [orig. a. OF. engin-zer, 
engyner, corresp. to Pr. engenhar, OSp. engefar, 
Pg. engenhar, It. ingegnare:—med.L. tngeniare, 
f. ewgenium: see prec. ; in later use f. ENGINE sd.] 

+1. trans. To contrive, plan, either in a material 
or an immaterial sense. Also aéso/. with inf. of 
purpose. Zo engine together: to frame or fit to- 
gether by art. Ods. 

1377 Lancet. P. Pl. B. xv. 250 For gygas be geaunt * 
with a gynne engyned To breke & to bete doune * pat ben 
a3eines ihesus, 1393 Gower Conf I. 79 With fair beheste 
and yeftes grete Of gold, that they hem have engined To- 
gider. 1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowde u. li. (1859) 54 The synne 
that thou hast done was..not by very malyce engyned of 
withynne. ¢1570 Tuynne Pride § Low. (1841) 10 With 
golden lace ful craftely engined. Br. Bartow Azsw. 
Nameless Catholic 198 The most horrible designe. . that euer 
was engined, 1611 Foro, Aggegnare, to frame. .to engine 
together, 

+2. To take by craft; to ensnare, deceive. Ods. 

c1325 Body & Soul in Maf’s Poems 249 (M.) Ho may 
more trayson do, or is loverd betere engine Than he that al 
is tristis to. x Ayenb, 122 Alle bo .. pet habbeb .. be 
herten engined ine be dyevles nette. 1393 Gower Conf I. 
71 A softe bedde.. Where she was afterward engined. ¢1400 
Beryn 1501 His tung he gan to whet Sotilly to engyne hym. 

3. +a. To put on the rack; to torture. +b. 


ENGINEER. 


To assault with engines. 
engines or instruments for. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun’s Priest's T. 240 The mynistres of 
that toun..the hostiller sore engyned. 1613 ‘I’. ApDams 
Pract. Wks. (1861) I. 29 (D.) We fear not .. professed 
enemies to engine and batter our walls. 1820 Keats Hy- 
perion . 161 ‘Tell me..How we can war, how engine our 
great wrath ! 

4. To fit up (a vessel) with steam engines, 

1868 Express 20 May, The Victoria, iron-clad frigate .. 
engined by Messrs. John Penn and Son. 1872 Daily News 
5 Sept., Build the largest ironclad ships, engine them. 1882 
W, Hedley 36 On December 3rd [1881] the first vessel 
built, engined, and masted above Newcastle, passed down 
the river, 

Engineer (endzinie1), sd. Forms: a. 4 en- 
gyn(e)our, 6 yngynore, ingenor. ~. 6-7 en-, 
inginer, -are, engyner, ingener. +. 7 en-, in- 
genier(e, -ir,ingeneer(e,en-, inginier,ingineer, 
7-engineer. [ME. engyncour, a. OF. engigneor 
(for which mod.F. has the semi-learned form zngé- 
nieur, perh. influenced by It.), corresp. to Pr. ez- 
ginhador :—late L. ingentatorem, f. ingentare: see 
prec. In 16thc. the word assumed the form e7-, 
mnginer, asif f. ENGINE v. + -ER (a derivation which 
yields the same sense as the Romanic word). 
Early in 17th c. appear the forms in -zer(e, -eer. 
The precise origin of these is uncertain; they may 
be ad. Fr. zngéndewr, or perh. ad. It. dugegniere, 
which is a distinct word =Sp. evgeficro (Minsheu), 
Pg. engenhetro, OF. engignier (Cotgr. enginier) :— 
L. type *¢ngentarius, f. Zngenium (see ENGINE sb.); 
on the other hand they may be f. ENGINE sd. + -der, 
-eer, this suffix having in 16th c. already become 
familiar in military words of Romanic origin.] 

+1. One who contrives, designs, or invents ; an 
author, designer (Const. of); also adso/. an inventor, 
a plotter, a layer of snares. O¢s. In the later 
quots. perh. a jig. use of 2. 

a. c1420 Metr. Life St. Kath. (Halliw.) 14 In hys court 
was a false traytoure, That was a grete Yngynore. 

1sgz_ G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 8 ‘The dreadfull 
enginer of phrases insteede of thunderboltes. 1602 Carew 
Cornwall 99a, ‘The Inginer of this practise .. was a Por- 
tugall. 1605 B. Jonson Se7anus 1. i, No, Silius, we are no 
good inginers. 16x11 Ricu Honest. Age (1844) 36 Yet you 
cannot deny them to be the deuil’s enginers. 

y- @1635 R. Sippesin Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. ix. 15 
great engineer, Satan. a1680 BurLer Nev. (1759) I. 
Certainly these are the most prime Engineers of Oaths, t 
ever the World knew. 1702 Swirt JVs. (1841) IL. 478 The 
engineers of this bill [a bill before the House of Commons] 
thought they had obtained a great advantage against me. 

2. +a. A constructor of military engines (o/s.) 
[So L. zzgenzator in Pipe Rolls 12th c.] pb. 
One who designs and constructs military works 
for attack or defence; also fig. Also in comd., 
as + engineer-general. 

a. c1325 Coer de L. 1387 A tour ful strong, That 
queyntyly engynours made. c1380 Sir Ferumib, 3223 Pe 
Amyral made his engyneour ; be engyns to sette & bende. 
1607 Norven Surv. Dial. 189 M. William Englebert, an 
excellent Ingenor. 

B. 1579 Diccrs Stratiot. 144 Expert Enginers and menne 
of excellente knouledge in the art of Fortification, 1583 
T. Stocker Hist. Civile Warres Low Countries 1. 50b, 
The buylder and Engyner whereof [of the Castle of Ant- 
werpe] was one Pachiotto. 1600 HoLtanp Livy xxiv. 
xxxlv. 532 But a more wonderful enginer for devising and 
framing of artillerie, ordinance, fabrickes, and instruments 
of warre. 1602 SHAKs. //amz, 11. iv. 206 (Globe), For tis 
the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar, 
1631 WEEVER Ane, Fun. Mon. 591 Sir William Heydon.. 
a valiant Souldier, and an expert Enginer. 

. 1551 Epw. VI 7x7. (1858) I. 369 Baron de la Garde 
had seene it [Portesmouth castell] having an ingenir with 
him, and, as it was thought, had the platte of it. 1627 
DrayToNn ey, gnc 8 The Engineer prouiding the Petar 
To breake the strong Percullice. 1637 Brount Voy. into 
Levant 31 The Gran Master and a chiefe Engeniere. 
1638 SuckiinG ’7%s now, since, etc.(R.), My tongue was en- 
gineer; I thought to undermine the heart By wispering in 
the ear. 1653 Hotcrort Procofius u. 49 By the advise of 
Theodorus, a famous Ingineer. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2023/4 
Major Martin Beckman, His Majesties chief Ingenier. 
1707 FarQuuar Beaux’ Strat. v. ii, Rise thou prostrate 
Ingineer, not all thy undermining Skill shall reach my 
Heart. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4706/2 Mr. Secretary Addison 
and the Pepincer-Gerersl informed the Committee. 1759 
in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec, (1886) Il. 150 Captain More 
one of His Majesty’s Engineers. 1813 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Disp, XI. 29, I hope that he will be able to send an 
engineer to undertake [the works]. 1866 Kincstey Herew, 
xvili. 231 She began praising his skill as an engineer. 

e. A soldier belonging to the division of the 
army called Engineers, composed of men trained 
to engineering work. Also attrib., as in engineer- 
officer, -regiment, -warrant. 

1787 Lond. Gaz. 24-28 Apr. No. 12850 p. 197 The Corps 
of aagineets shall in future take the name of the Corps 
of Royal Engineers. 1794 Burke SJ. agst. W. Hastings 
Wks. XV. 63 Colonels of artillery and engineers. 1810 
We uncton in Gurw. Disp, VI. 81 An army composed 
of divisions. .artillery, engineers, etc., complete. 1889 GEN. 
Porter Hist. Royal Engineers 143 This ap ta6 poug 1716] 
may therefore be taken as that on which the Engineer branch 
of the British army blossomed into a distinct Corps. 

3. One whose profession is the designing and con- 
structing of works of public utility, such as bridges, 

23 


e. nonce-tzise. To find 


ENGINEER. 


roads, canals, railways, harbours, drainage works, 
gas and water works, etc. From 18thc. also C7zvd/ 
Engineer, for distinction from 2 b. 

Not in Johnson 1755 or Todd 1818; the former has only 
the military senses, to which the latter adds ‘a maker of 
fa ce *, citing Bullokar. In the early quots. the persons 
referred to were probably by professi ilit ig , 
though the works mentioned were of a ‘civil’ character. 
Since 2b has ceased to be a prominent sense of engineer, 
the term ‘civil engineer’ has lost its original antithetic 
force; but it continues to be the ordinary designation of 
the profession to which it was first applied, distinguishing 
it from that of ‘mechanical engineer’ (sense 4). Other 
phraseological combinations, as ¢/ectric, gas, mining, rail- 
way, telegraph engineer, are used to designate those who 
devote themselves to special di ments of engineering. 

1606 Hottanp Sueton. 249 Enginer alan. grommet 
to bring into the Capitol! huge Columnes with small charges. 
1680 Lond. Gaz. No. 1547/1 A new Port at Nizza..A famous 
French Ingenier. .has been consulted about it. @ 1792 Smea- 
ton Reports (1797) 1. Pref. 7 The first meeting of this new 
institution, the Society of civil engineers, was held on the 
15th of April 1793. 1793 — Edystone L, Introd. 8 My pro- 
fession as a civil Engineer. /é/d. § 101 The engineer 
and his deputy. 1836 Hull §& Selby Railw. Act 102 A 
civil engineer of eminence. 1861 Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 615 
Sir Hugh Myddleton, the enterprising goldsmith, has been 
called the first English engineer. 1880 Haucuton Phys. 
Geog. v. 228 Without much assistance from engineers, they 
will make a network of natural navigable channels. 

4. A contriver or maker of ‘engines’. The 
precise sense has varied from time to time in 
accordance with the development of meaning in 
ENGINE sé.; in present use the emgzneer in this 
sense (specifically mechanical engineer) is a 
maker of steam-engines or of heavy machinery 
generally. 

In this sense (but not in 3) the term is rae to the 
working artisan as well as to the employer of labour. 

- 1575 Lanewam Left. (1871) 45 Painterz, Karuerz, 
Players, Engyners. 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1. viii. 
(Arb.) 34 There could be no politique Captaine, nor any 
witty enginer or cunning artificer. 1598 FLorio, Macano- 
Aotetico, an inginer, an engine-maker. 

a@1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (1652) 40 A skilful En- 
genier, an excellent Musician, or any other Artificer of 
extraordinary fame, 1654 Bate Myst. Nat. & Art 72 
According to the fancy and invencion of the artist or 
Engineer. 1691 T. H[ate] Acc. New Jnvent. p. liv, This 
Engine was invented by ..an excellent Engineer. 17: 
Desacuuiers Course Nat. Philos. 1. 69 The skill of a goo 
engineer may be advantageously applied in changing the 
form or altering the parts and motions of a machine. 1747 
R. Campsett Lond. Tradesman 248 By engineer I..mean 
..the tradesman who is employed in making engines for 
raising of water, etc. 183 Sir J. Sincrair Corr. II. 62 
This celebrated engineer [Robert Fulton] does great credit 
to the talents of America. 1887 Pall Mall G. 29 Nov. 11/1 
‘The payment of ‘ tips’ ranging from ten to twenty shillings 
to working engineers and others. ' : 

5. One who manages an ‘ engine’ or engines. 

+a. One who manages engines of war; an 
artilleryman. Ods. 

1600 Heywoop £dw. JV, 1. Wks. 1874 I. ror It was not 
you, At whom the fatall enginer did aime. 1633 G. Her- 
Bert Temple, Ch.-Porch xli, Wit’s an unruly engine, 
wildly striking Sometimes a friend, sometimes the engineer. 
a 1659 CLeveELAND Lond, Lady 46 Like the Death-darting 
Cockatrice (that slye Close Engineer) that murders through 
the Eye. a@r1719 Appison (J.), An author, who points his 
satire at a great man, is like the engineer who signalized 
himself by this ungenerous practice. 1800 Naval Chron. 
III. 287 In which are included sailors, marines, and the 
engineers. : 

b. A/od. One who has charge of a steam-engine; 
in England only with reference to marine engines ; 
in U.S. often applied to the driver of a locomo- 
tive engine. 

1839 R.S. Rosinson Naut. Steam Eng. 174, 1 am not 
able to speak of the engineers in Her Majesty's ships. 1856 
Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 75 Steam, 
from the first .. was dreadful with its explosion .. engineers 
and firemen .. have been sacrificed in learning to tame and 
guide the monster. 1860 Bartietr Dict. Amer., Engineer, 
the engine-driver on our railroads is thus magniloquently 
designated. : 

Engineer (endzinie1), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. intr. To act as an engineer. 

1681 [see ENGINEERING Af/. a.] _ 1769 J. Watt Lett. Dr. 
Small, Our present istracy .. have employed me in en- 
ineering for Premanfige Emerson Soc. & Solit. vii. 131 
What of the grand tools with which we engineer, like 
kobolds and enchanters. é 

2. trans. To employ the art of the engineer 
upon ; to construct or manage as an engineer. 

1843 Vicnotes Life C. B. Vignoles (1889) 294 The..road 
magnificently engin through the pass, 1848 7Jazt’'s 
Mag. XV. 428 The being had been engineered to 
admiration. 1856 Otmstep Slave States ix. 546 The roads 
are admirably engineered and constructed. 1888 Pad/ 
Mall G. + Sept. 5/t Mr. Baker .. with Sir ios Fowler, 
=< eers the undertaking [the Forth Bridge fi 

¥ Hg. To arrange, contrive, plan, superintend. 
Also (U.S.), to guide or carry through a measure 
or enterprise. 

1873 W. S. Mayo Never Again vii. 99 With good looks, a 

voice,..and Mr. Boggs to engi matters for her. 
1882 Jay Goutp in Standard 28 . 6/5 The corner in 
~~ engineered by parties in Chicago. American 

Il, 2. exhibition engineered by a native prince. 

3. fig. nonce-use. To assail laboriously (/z- 
morous), 

1781 Cowper Let. in Wks. (1837) XV. 64 Unless we en- 


178 


ing out 

Hence Engineered Z//. a.; Enginee‘ring 
ppl.a., that engineers, contri 3 4 

1872 Daily News 3 Sept., From the safe ledge of a 
c engineered road. 168x N. N. Rome's Follies 26 
Since I have to set my engineering to work, 

(endzinivrin), vd/. sb. [f. prec. 
+-Inel, : 

1 a. action of the verb ENGINEER; the 
work done. by, or the profession of, an engineer. 
b. The art and science of the engineer's pro- 
fession. 

— used with defining pen as om seein, 
military engineering ; agricultural, electric, gas, hydrau- 
lic, pt a sanitary, telegraph engineering ; see En- 
—- + z pare 840) m1 

1720 De For Caft. Singleton xv. (1 262 This [a con- 
trivance in ptnae. 84 warfare] is..the cunningest piece of 
Indian engineering. 1829 C. Wetcn West. Polity 172 A 
Sunday School Teacher's labour is not much unlike civil 
engineering. — Civil. Eng. §& Archit. Fourn. 59 There 
is room for..a school of Engineering on sound principles. 
1858 GREENER Gunn 267 That portion of gunna ge 
which would define what power of engine would work a 
thousand cotton spindles, 1866 Engineering 5 Jan. 1 The 
title of this journal has been chosen. .as typifying the busi- 
ness, art, and profession of the Engineer. 1 TRISTRAM 
Moab xiv. 270 An ancient roadway of which the engineer- 
ing..could be easily traced. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. 1. 
29 Civil Engineering is the term applied to that science 
which treats of the construction of canals, railroads, roads, 
bridges .. aqueducts and such like. 1887 Daily News 
24 Oct. 2/5. Shipbuilding and marine engineering have 
lately been doing better. 

ec. fig. Contriving, manceuvring. 

1780 Cowrer Progr. Err. 321 With some cold moral 
think to quench the fire; Though all your engineering 
proves in vain. 1884 St. Yames’s Gaz. 21 Mar. 3/2 Party 
engineering and the trickery of elections. 

. attrib, 

1739 Lasetye Westm. Br. v, Very great masters in the 
Bui ing or Engineering Way. 1758 Warsurton Div. 
Legat. Pref. (R.), The Roman Conclave succeeded to the 
Roman Senate in this engineering work. 1792 BurkE Con- 
sid. Pres, St. Affairs Wk i 

‘ood, the engmeesing and artillery branch. 1822 Byron 
Guan vu. xi, Excuse this engineering slang. 1884 Atheneum 
27 Sept. 397/3, The military and engineering policy of the 
rulers of the kingdom. 

Engineership (endziniesfip).  [f. ENcinzER 
sO, +-SHIP.] a. 
an engineer. 
engineer. 

1649 Buitue Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) To Rdr., Their 
pretences of great abilities in Engineership. 1661 Eart 
Orrery State Letters (1743) I. 62, I..pretend something to 
engineership, 1883 NasmytH Autobiog. xvi. 288 The rail- 
way had been constructed under the engineership of Major 
Whistler. 1889 ///ust. Lond. News 23 Feb. 242/3 Mr. 
Hawksley retired from the joint engineership. 

+Enginee‘ry. Obs. rare. [f. ENGINEER sb.+-Y.] 
Used by Smeaton for ‘ the science of engineering’. 
Cf. ENGINERY. 

2793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 39 Mr. Rudyerd’s method. . 
of keying and securing, must te considered as a material 
accession to the practical part of Engineery. /éid, § 40 The 
great Same pe of Engineery, that weight is the most 
naturally and effectually resisted by weight. 

+E eful, a. Obs. rare—'. [f. ENGINE sb. 
+-FUL.} Full of ingenuity, ingenious. 

Sek. A lis. 4869 Hy ben. .gode, and engyneful to fighth. 

n eman (e‘ndzinmén). [f. ENGINE sb. + 
May.) a. One who works, or helps to work, a 
fire-engine. b. One who attends to a stationary 
steam-engine. ¢c. The driver of a locomotive. 

1835 Parsons Tourist’s Comp. 243 No gratuity is allowed 
to be taken by any guard, engineman, er, etc, 1852 
Hawtuorne &lithedale Rom, xxii. (1885) 171 A fire .. 
brought out the engine-men. 1859 Smites Self-Help iv. 

Stephenson taught hi arithmetic and ion 
while working as an engineman, 1871 M. Cotuns Mrg. § 
Merch. viii. 261 He saw .. only the guards and enginemen, 

Enginery (e‘ndzinori,-nri). Forms: 7 en-, in- 
ginarie, 7- enginry, 7-enginery. [f. ENGINE 
sb, +-(B)RY ; cf. It. zn, 7a (which may be the 
source), OF, ongh rte. 

+1. The art of constructing ‘engines ’ (cf. senses 
of ENGINE sé.); also, the art of the (military) 
engineer, Also attrib. Obs. 

1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. u. viii. § 2 Astronomie, Cosmo- 
grap » hae + iogin leap geen (The 
corres) ig passage De Augm. m1. vi. machinaria. 
1610 W. Youre Art of. on 1, ix. 20 Some Hoan 
arie aide must bee assistant to mount the water 
Pullies, Poizes. 1644 Howei. Eng?. Teares in Harl. Misc. 
poe ple, Tongan ip md lab en circ lations, 
an es, or any art of enginery, him [famine] out 
of thy line of communication, Bye Parre Pol, Anat, 
(x691) 25 The Irish. .had [no] Architecture, Enginery, Paint- 
yp Carving, nor any kind of Manufacture, 

. Engines collectively; apparatus, machinery, 
Frequent in fig. use. 

1742 Younc Nt. 7h. v1. 261 A feeble Aid ! Dedalian En- 

in'ry. 74 Jounson Diary 20 asc in Boswell xlvi, 

joulton .. led us through his shops—I could not distinctly 
see hisenginery. ¢ 1840 THrrtwatt in Rem. (1878) IL. 1 
The enginery of war is often brought out. ENNYSON 
Ode Internat, Exhib, iii. 6 Harvest-tool and husbandry, 

and wheel and enginery. 1862 Dana Man, Geol. 
747 An animal is a self-propagating piece of enginery. 


b. The office, or position, of an 


s. VII. 93 One arm is extremely | 


he business, or occupation, of | 


ENGIRT. 
% Ec 5 
finial caghey of Rome. s8qq R Cunsatee Pest Creer 


Early Hist Mam, h. complete tocial enginary for thetear, 
ing, of Ele eee peer ! 
. esp. Engines of war, artillery, Chiefly oer, 


or rhetorical. fig. 
Mitton Ch. Discip. m1. (18. The i 
sinetiion of our Labarey end Waker, st rca eee 
inr —P.L. vi. 553 In hollow 
Trainin; ili: nginrie. J. Puuirs Cyder 
1807) 57 The loud disploded roar Of enginry. 


3. The work of an engine, the application of 


—. wer. Also fig. 
un. Rev. U1. 370 The article..incurs a smaller 
charge for the wages of enginery. 

», 1838 Stertine in Carlyle Zi n. vii. (1872) 146 A few 
uaeG with the stamp of his Micheal Angelos] 


enginery them, 
+E gin Obs. [f. Encine+-1sT.] = En- 
GINEER sb, 


1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 35 The fame of Ar- 
chimedes and other notable enginists. /bid. 185 The Pisans 
. had. .certain enginists to dresse their fortifications. 

+ E-nginous, a. ls. Also 4 engynous. fe. 
OF. engineus, engigneus, engignos, to Pr. 
enginhos, OSp. engeftoso, It. ingegnoso:—L. inge- 
nidsus, f. ingenium : see ENGINE 4 

1. Clever, crafty, cunning; deceitful. 

¢ 1325 Coer de L, Thomas, a knyghte 
Werte with hys host aap Py 1393 ny Conf ir. 99 
It [coler] eth a man ben 1599 ONSON 
Cynthia's Rev. m. ii, For that’s the mark of all their en- 
ginous drifts, To wound my patience, 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 
1. 452 open force, or projects enginous. 

2. Of or belonging to an engine; partaking of 
the nature of an engine. /#. and fig. 

1606 Dekker Sev. Sinnes tv. (Arb.) 30 For all the Enginous 
Wheeles of the Soule are continually going. 1630 . Jon- 
son New Jun u. ii, Lady F, Sure, petards To blow us up, 
Lord L. Some enginous strong words. 

(engs1d), v. Also 7 ingird. Pa. pple. 


| engirt. [f. Exy-1+Grrp v.] “rans. To surround 


with, or as with, a girdle; to encircle, as a girdle 
does. Also, Zo engird in. 

1566 GascoicNe /ocasta ii, in Child Four Old P. (1848) 190 
Let cruell discorde beare thee companie, Engirt with snakes. 
1623 Favine Theat, Hon, 1. i. 7 Round about engirt with a 
frindge of Gold. 1628 Hospes Thucyd. (1822) 139 Paches.. 
arrived at Mitylene and ingirt it with a single wall. 12745 
W. Tuompson Sickness u.(R.), She saw him smile along the 
tissu’d clouds..Engirt with cherub wings. a@ 1785 GLover 
Athenaid xxvii. hd ), A sash of tincture hight. Soe 
his loins. 1813 Worpsw. View fr. Top of Black Comb, 
Main ocean. .visibly engirding Mona’s Isle. 1820 Morr in 
Blackw. Mag. V1. 385 The hoary mountain . that en- 
gird the horizon in. 185r Nicnot Archit. Heav. 22 He 
would manifestly be engirt by heavens having the 
aspect of ours. 


agit Waszows 11 Pt, Tenburk v. i Uighy Delia 
— with tempests, > pitchy clouds. Snaks. 
2 . VI, 11. i. 200 My y round engyrt wi miserie. 
1798 W. Taytor in Robberds’ Mem. I, 219 Engird their 
brows With glittering crowns of praise. 

Hence Engi'rding ///. a. . 

D. Morr Defeat Winter viii, Love, with an ird- 
ine tele Hath heaihed the solitude, ex! 

Engirdle (engs:1d'l), v. Also 7 ingirdle. 
[f. Ex-1+Grrpiz.] fans, To surround with, or 
as with, a girdle; to serve as a girdle or enclosure 
to; to encompass. Also fig. 

1602 Davison in Farr S. P. Eliz. (84s) II. 325 As moun- 
taines great on euery side Engirdle faire Jerusalem, 
16ax Lavy M. Wrorn Urania 225 He was neues 
with his enemies. 1785 Giover On Sir Jsaac Newton, 
J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXVII. A ——— 
city .. engirdled with groves. 1852 Miss Yoncr Cameos 
(1877) II. ix. 111 To die engirdled by the cord of St. Francis 
was the sure means of 2 
, vol. sb. [f. prec.+-ING1.] The 
action of prec. vb. ; concr. that which engirdles. 

1598 F Cingolo, a girdle or a garter, an engirdling. 
(engdadlin), Ap/. a. [f. as prec, + 
That engirdles, ger pee encloses. 

aury Phys. Geog. Sea xi, § 512 Vapour ri uy 
tantthe encircling cook than ie leone came ee 
zone 


the 

hal 1883 K7 ona fons panhs Tha greece 
embrace of his [Saturn’s) engirdling rings. 

+ Engi‘rt, v. Ods. Also 7-8 ingirt, [f. En-1 
+Girr v.] 

1. ¢rans. To gird, encircle with. Also simply. 
1590 MARLOWE 7/, v. i, Engirt the temples of his 
hatefal head ! 1613 Purcuas Pilgr. vi. xiv, § 1 (R.) The 
sonakiing, sneete Aen meane while all the townes with 
a strait siege. 1634 Sir T. Hervert Trav. 146 The coat., 
ingi with a towell of silke and gold. 
Pies surround as a girdle does; to encircle. 
15.. in Farr S. P. Elis, (1845) a pe ty 


en, the King of A re 
Ey Baryon) aes 
Ingitting Albion.” sgn Contes Kae ieeae And 1God) 


pour'd the mala shgiegede 


E 


ENGISCOPE. 


b. To enclose partially or wholly ; to hem in; 
to envelope. 

1627 May Lucan u1. 591 They make their hornes t’engirt 
the adverse fleet. 1634 p Jounson tr. Parey’s Chirurg. WW. 
iv. (1678) 57 The skin is double. .ingirting the whole body. 

Hence Engi‘rting v/. sd., the action of the vb. 
Eneirt; concr. that which engirts, the rim. 

1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 17 In the ninth year of 
the ingirting his anointed brows with the refulgent Ophir 
circle. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. vi. ix. 159 Another Circle, 
which made the engirting of the Seale. 

Engiscope: see ENGYscopPE. 


+Erngislet. Her. Obs. [Obscure: possibly 
a mistake in Bk. St. Alban’s, which the rest 
follow.] 


1486 Bk. St. Alban's, Her. B iiija. Fesy target is whan a 
scogion or an engislet is made in the myddull of the cootar- 
mure. 1586 Ferne Slaz. Gentrie 178 A scutcheon of pre- 
tence or Engislet borne ouer the foure coates. 1610 GuIL- 
um Heraldry u. vi. (1611) 61. 

+ Engi'st, v. Ols. In 4 engyste. [f. En-l+ 
GISTE a resting-place.] ¢vans. To appoint the 
resting-places or lodgings in (a journey). 

?a1400 Morte Arth. 445, I salle thi journaye engyste, en- 
joyne theme my selvene. 

nglad, -gladden, -glamour: see Ey- pref! 

England (ingland). Forms: 1 Engla land, 
2 Engle land, 3 Englene, Engle lond, 3-4 
Engelond(e, 3 Enkelonde, 4 Engelande, Ing- 
land, Yng(e)lond, 5 En-, Inglonde, 4~ England. 
[OE. £ngla land, lit. ‘the land of the Angles’: 
see ENGLISH, ANGLE 2. 

This word and its cognates, Zxglish, etc. are the only 
instances in which in mod. standard English the letter ¢ 
stands in an accented syllable for (i). The change of an 
earlier (en) into (in) is strictly normal, and in all other 
examples the spelling has followed the pronunciation. Cf. 
wing, ME. wenge; string, OE. strgnge; link, OF. 
hlgnce.) ¥ 

1. The territory of the Angles, as distinguished 
from that of the Saxons. Only in OE. (vare.) 

c 8go K. Airrep Beda ww. xxvi. § Det mynster Abber- 
curnigz St is zeseted on Engla lande [L. im regione Ang- 
lorum.| 

The southern part of the island of Great 
Britain ; usually, with the exception of Wales. 
Sometimes loosely used for: Great Britain. Often: 
The English (or British) nation or state. 

Inthe writings of A‘lfred and the earlier parts of the OE. 
Chronicle, the name Axgel-cynn race of the Angles (= 
Bada’s gexs Anglorum) is used to denote collectively the 
Teutonic peoples in Britain, and also the territories which 
they occupied. This seems to have been the only general 
name for the country until the Danish conquest, when it 
was superseded by Ezgda land. 

[c 897 K. AELFrED Gregory's Past. 5 Hu da ciricean ziond 
eall Angelcynn stodon madma. .gefyldz. OE. Chron. 
an. 1002 Se cyng het ofslean ealle da Deniscan men be on 
Angel cynne weron.] OE. Chron. an. 1014 And ezfre 
zlcne Deniscne cyng utlah of Engla lande zecwedon. 
1154 O. E. Chron, an. 1131 Swa hit nefre er ne was on 
manne semynd ofer eall Engle land. c 1205 Lay. 17 Won- 
ene heo comen Pa Englene londe ezrest ahten. /6/d. 
6317 Engelondes deorling. axz2az5 Ancr. RX. 82 Eresie, God 
beo idoncked, ne rixled nout in Engelond. a 1250 Prov. 
Ailfred in O. E. Misc. 12 On Englene londe [a x275 in 
Enkelonde] he wes kyng. ?a@1300 0. £. Misc. xviii. 1 Engle 
lond is eyhte hundred Myle long. @ 1300 Cursor M. 8 Pe first 
conquerour of Ingland. /ééd. 24893 Quen pou cums in-til 
england. cr Lbid, 24774 (Fairf.), Pen bare William be 
seigniorie of Ingelonde & of normandie. 1538 STARKEY 
England 1. ii. 67 Hyt be almost impossybul to..set such 
acommyn wele among vs here in Englond. 1605 SHAKs. 
Mac, 11. i. 31 Our bloody Cozens are bestow’d In England, 
and in Ireland. 1702 Addr. fr. Lancaster in Lond. Gaz. 
No. 3804/5 A Princess born in Old England. 

3. transf. A country or district peopled by men 
of English origin, or of a kindred race. rare. 

1834 Gen. P. Toomrson Exerc. (1842) III. 40 [Belgium], 
an older England than our own. 1883 W. Sixes in Harper's 
Mag. Feb. 342/2 The part of Pembrokeshire which for 
centuries has been dubbed ‘ Little England beyond Wales.’ 
1886 Pall Mall G. 7 Dec. 1/1 A Conference of all the Eng- 
lands over sea. : 

4. Short for Zhe King of England, also for the 
inhabitants of England, or a gate of them, as 
in ‘ Young England’, for which see Youn. 

1595 Suaks. Fohn 1, i. 482 Speake England first, that hath 
bin forward first To speake vnto this Cittie. 

Englander (i'nglindaz). rare. [f. prec. + -ER 
(in quots. 1836, 1855, after Ger. Englinder).] 
A native of England, an Englishman. 

1820 Scotr Aédsot iv, I marvel what blood thou art— 
neither Englander nor Scot. 1836 Cartyon Zarly Years 67 
Coleridge, being a noticeable Englander, anda poet withal. 
1855 THACKERAY in Lewes Life Goethe vu. vii, The admis- 
sion of these young Englanders. 

|| Englanté, 2. Her. [Fr. englanté, f. en- (see 
En-!) + gland:—L. gland-em acorn.] Bearing 
acorns, 1731 in Barzey, vol. IT. 

+Engla‘ss, v. Ods. [f. Ex-l+Guass.] ¢rans. 
a. To fit (a window) with glass; to glaze. b. 
To figure in coloured glass. 

1530 PatsGr. 535/1, I englasse a window with glasse. 1572 
BossEweELL Armorie u. 25 b, The cote Armors..to bee 


* paynted. .graued, englassed. 


laze: see EN- pref. 3. 
Engle, obs. f. ANGEL; also of INGLE, Ods. 
Englechery, -schire, obs. ff, ENGLISHRY. 


179 


+ Englei‘m, v. Ods. Also 4-5 englayme, 

(4 glym), 5 yngleym. [f. Ey-1+Guxrm slime.] 
. trans. To make slimy, clammy, or sticky; to 

set fast with slime. 

(the stomach). 

1377, Lanci. P. Pd. B. xv. 56 The man that moche hony 
eteth * his mawe it engleymeth. 1387 Trevisa Higden 
(Rolls] V. 253 Wip aer infecte and engleymed [Lat. aere 
corrupto). 1398 —Barth de P. R.vu. xlix. (1495) 261 Ache 
and tourment that comyth of humours engleymed in the 
guttes. ? a 1400 Morte Arth. 1131 Pe guttez and the gorre 
.-Pat alle englaymez pe gresse, one grounde ber he standez ! 
© 1440 Promp, Parv. 198 Gleymyn, or yngleymyn, vésco, 
@nVILSCO. 

2. Jig. To set fast, as in slime, or as a bird with 
birdlime ; to entangle, ensnare. Const. zz, wth. 
_ ©1340 Hampote Psalter xliii. 27 Clemyd [.S. englymede] 
is in erthe oure wambe. 1340-70 Alex. & Dind. 676 En- 
glaymed was in glotenye* & glad to be drounke. c 1380 
Wvycur Sed. Wks. III. 150 Pese prestis and bese clerkis.. 
ben most engleymed [wib coveteise]. c 1440 Hytton Scala 
Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xliii, Yf thy herte be taken & 
engleymed with a veyne luste. ¢ 1470 Harpinc Chron. 
liv. ii, The Barons were so with gold englaymed. 

3. intr. To settle, to stick. 

c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 692 That noon offes white 
Englayme uppon the rootes of her tonnge. 

Hence Engleimed, ///. a. Of the tongue: 
Furred. 

1493 Festivall(W. de W. 1515) 16 b, His tongue engleymed 
and his nose blacke, etc, 

+ Englei‘mous, @z. Ods. In 4 englaymous. 
[f prec. +-ous.] Slimy, venomous. 

2a1400 Morte Arth. 3685 Som gomes thourgh gyrde 
with gaddys of yryn Comys gayliche clede englaymous 
wapene ! 


Englifier (inglifoijor). Sc. [f. next +-ER.] One 


Also, to clog, choke, surfeit 


who renders (a work) into English; a translator. 

1824 Blackw. Mag. XV. 565, I only wonder how either 
Foscolo or his Englifier had the wit to pick them out. 

Englify (inglifoi), v. Sc. [f ENGr-1su + -(1)FY.] 
trans. To make English; to cause to resemble 
English persons or manners. 

1829 WILSon in Blackw. Mag. X XVI. 394 Our magnates 
have been Englified in all their notions. 

English (i-yglif), a. and sd. Forms: 1 Aing- 
lisc, Englisc, 2-4 Englisch(e, 3-6 Englis(s, 
-ys, (3 Ainglis, Engleis, -is(s)ce, 4-6 Eng- 
lissh(e, -issch, -yss(h(e, -yssche, Inglis(s,-ish(e, 
-isshe, (4 Englizsch, -ijs, Engelis(sh, -ysch, 
Ingelis, Ynglisse, 6 Englush, Yuglyche), 4- 
English. [OE. gnglisc, wnglisc:—OTeut. *ang- 
lisko-, f. *Angli- (OK. Engle) pl., the Angles, one 
of the Teutonic peoples who settled in Britain 
in 5th c.; see ANGLE 2.] 

A. adj. 

1. In early uses now only /ist. 
ellipsis of pl. sb. as in 2d. 

When the adj, first occurs in OE., it had already lost its 
etymological sense ‘of or belonging to the Angles’ (as dis- 
tinguished from Saxons). ‘The earliest recorded sense is: 
Of or belonging to the group of Teutonic peoples collectively 
known as the Azgedcynn (‘ Angle-kin’=Beda’s gens An- 
glorum), comprising the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who 
settled in Britain during the 5th c. With the incorporation 
of the Celtic and Scandinavian elements of the population 
into the ‘ English’ people, the adj. came in the r1thc. to be 
applied to all natives of ‘ England’, whatever their ancestry. 
But for a generation or two after the Norman Conquest, 
the descendants of the invaders, though born in England, 
continued to be regarded as ‘French’, so that the word 
English, as applied to persons, was for a time restricted to 
those whose ancestors were settled in England before the 
Conquest. In formal state documents the distinction be- 
tween the ‘ French’ and ‘ English’ inhabitants of England 
survived after it had ceased practically to exist; cf. Enc- 
LISHRY. sa 

c880 Alfred & Guthrum’s Treaty (Thorpe) ii, Gif man of- 
slagen weorde, ealle we lated efen dyrne, Engliscne & 
Deniscne. @1000 Ordinance respecting Diinséte (Thorpe) 
vi, Nah nader to farenne ne Wylisc man on AEnglisc lond 
ne AEnglisc on Wylisc, butan, etc. a@1016 Laws of A thel- 
ved (Thorpe), Gif AEnglisc man Deniscne ofslea. @ 1087 
Charter Will, I in Stubbs Sed. Chart. 83 Will’m kyng gret 
.. ealle ba burhwaru binnan Londone Frencisce and Eng- 
lisce. c1z05 Lay. 29404 Pat folc pet was Atnglis. /did. 
29457 Of Englisce leoden. /dzd. 31673 Pendaking is Englisc. 
1809 BawpwEN Domesday Bk. 345 The English have four 
ploughs in the demesne. 1860 Hook Lives Adbfs. (1869) 
I. iv. 174 Since the English came into Britain. 1872 z 
Rosertson Hist, Ess. 215 The gradual extension of the 
English name in the course of the roth century is very per- 
ceptible. 

2. Of or belonging to England or its inhabitants. 

c 1290 Lives Saints (1887) 73 Pe englische barones. 1375 
Barzour Bruce 1. 193 Schyrreffys and bailzheys maid he 
{Edward I]..of Inglis nation. 15.. Eart Surrey Death 
Sir T. Wyat Poems (Aldine ed.) 60 A worthy guide to bring 
Our English youth by travail into fame. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. 
VIII, um. i. 1443 Would I had neuer trod this English Earth. 
1645 FULLER Gd. Th. in Bad T. (1841) 37 The English am- 
bassador. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre’s Stud. Nat. 
(1799) III. 707, I embarked on board an English ship which 
had sailed round the world. 1805 Scorr Last Minstr, iv. 
xvii, Now every English eye, intent, On Branksome’s armed 
towers was bent. 1842 BiscuorF Woollen Manu/. (1862) Il. 
125 English wools rose in price, 1852 Earp Gold Col. Aus- 
tralia 102 To give the English reader an idea of its present 
condition. 


Often with 


b. In the names of various trees and plants; 
| as English Elm, U/mus campestris (see ELM) ; 


ENGLISH. 


E. Galingale, Cyperus longus; E. Maidenhair, 
Asplenium Trichomanes; BE. Myrtle, Ligustrum 
vulgare; EB. Treacle, Zeucrium Scordium. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens u1. xxiii. 346 The roote of Cy[p]erus or 
*English Galangal, is hoate and dry in thethird degree. 1861 
Miss Pratr Flower. Pl. VI. 12 Order. Cypferacee .. Sweet 
or English Galingale. 1562 Turner Heréad u. 157 b, Tricho- 
manes (that is our *English Maydens heare) is supposed, etc. 
1578 Lyre Dodoens ut. |xix (Heading), Of English or Com- 
mon Maydenheare. 1879 in Prior Plant-n. 1846 SowERBY 
Brit. Bot.,* English Myrtle, the Common privet, Ligustrune 
vulgare. 1551 TurNER Herbal 1. Jitija, Germander, 
whyche is also called in Cambrige shyre *Englyshe triacle, 
is called in Greke Chamedrys. 1670 Ray Catal. Plant. 
Angliz 67 (Britten & Holl.) In agro Cantabrigiensi English 
Treacle dicitur, 1886 In Britten & Ho ttanp. 

ec. In the names of certain diseases: Lnglish 
Cholera, + English Sweat: see the sbs. + English 
Disease (Malady), English Melancholy: the 
‘spleen’. 

[1733 Cueyne Eng. Malady (1734) Pref. 1 By Foreigners 
.» Nervous Distempers, Spleen, Vapours, and Lowness of 
Spirits, are, in Derision, call’d the English Malady. 1834 M. 
Goon Study of Med. (ed. 4) III. 113 English Melancholy. 

d. e/lipt.=‘ English people, soldiers’, etc. 

(A 17th c, Sc. writer has the pl. Englishes.) 

1599 SHaks. Hen. V, 1. ii. 111 O Noble English, that 
could entertaine With halfe their Forces, the full pride of 
France. 1671 7xue Nonconf. 221 The violences, wherewith 
the Englishes, during their Domination among us, can be 
charged. 1711 Swirr Leé¢. (1767) 111.181 Pray observe the 
inhabitants about Wexford; they are old English. 1765 
T. Hurcuinson Hist. Cot. Mass. 1.146 Freedom might be 
..granted to all truly English. 1859 Knicur Pop. Hist. 
Eng. V. 165 That terrible battle-field, which the French 
call Neerwinden and the English call Landen. 

3. transf. Marked by the characteristics of an 
Englishman. Often in laudatory sense: Possessed 
of the virtues claimed as peculiarly ‘ English’. 

1539 TonstaLL Sern, Palm Sund, (1823) 71 Only take an 
englyshe hart vnto the. 1695 Exg. Anc. Const. Eng. Pref. 
6 He will find the design to be truly English, that is, sin- 
cere and honest. 1883 PHetrs Avg. Style 40 A mind com- 
pact with sturdy and solid English elements. 

quasi-adv. 1784 Cowper 77roc. 671 His address .. Not 
English stiff, but frank and formed to please. 

4. As the designation of a language (see B. 1). 
Hence of words, idioms, grammar, etc.: Belonging 
to the English language. Of literary compositions, 
speeches, etc.: Written or spoken in the English 
language. 

c1o0oo AEitFRic How. (Thorpe) II. 358 (Bosw.) Ie [lfric 
Abbod] zesett haebbe wel feowertiz larspella on Engliscum 
gereorde. c1000 — in Sweet Ags. Reader 57 Du bede 
me for oft Engliscra zewrita. c1230 Hali Meid. 5 And 
seid syon ase muchel on englische leodene ase heh sihde. 
ar2z40 Ureisun in Cott. Hoi. 199 Ich habbe i-sungen i: 
Sesne englissce lai. c1zgo Gen. § Ex. 14 Ut of latin dis 
song is dra3en On Engleis speche. @1300 Cursor Al. 24 
(Cott.) Sanges. . Inglis, frankys, and latine. /d7d. 233 (Gott.) 
Pis ilke boke es translate vnto engliss tung to rede. c1440 
Promp, Parv. 140 Englysshe speche, Avglicum. 1526 
Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1b, It was put into my mynde 
to drawe it in the englysshe tonge. 1580 BuLLoKaAR Orthog~., 
There be eight vowels of differing sounds in Inglish speech. 
1611 Bis_te Dedic., There should be one more exact trans- 
lation of the Holy Scripture into the English Tongue. 
1840 Macautay Ranke (1854) II. 541/2 We now see this 
book take its place among the English Classics. 1847 
Emerson Repr. Men, Shaks. Wks. (Bohn) I. 357 Our Eng- 
lish Bible is a wonderful specimen of the strength and music 
of the English language. 

b. with limiting words as in B. 1 b. 

1579 FutKE Refut. Rastel 763 Prayers remaine still in the 
Saxon or old English tongue. JZod. An Old-English 
grammar. Middle-English literature, It is not a modern 
English word, 

B. sé. 

1. The English language. First in the adverbial 
phrase, +07 (now 77) English. Also in phrase, 
the king’s, the queen’s English, app. suggested by 

: ar 7 ty 55, 
phrases like ‘to deface the king’s coin’. Also 
attrib. as English scholar. 

In gthc., and prob. much earlier, ExgZisc was the name 
applied to all the Angle and Saxon dialects spoken in 
Britain, The name £xg/ish for the language is thus older 
than the name England for the country. In its most com- 
prehensive use, it includes all the dialects descended from 
the language of the early ‘Teutonic conquerors of Britain ; 
but it is sometimes popularly restricted to the language 
since the close of the ‘ Anglo-Saxon’ or fully inflected stage ; 
sometimes to the language and dialects of England proper, 
as distinguished from those of Scotland, Ireland, U.S., etc.; 
and sometimes to the literary or standard form of the lan- 
guage as distinct from illiterate or ungrammatical speech, etc. 

[The use as sb. seems to have originated, not in the ellipsis 
of any particular word (e. g. geveord) meaning ‘language’, 
but in a vague absol. use of the neuter adj. A similar use 
is found in the other Teut. langs. and in Romanic; cf. Ger, 
auf deutsch, Fr. en frangais, Sp. en castellano.) : 

c890 K, AEtrrep Beda 1. xix, On sumre ceastre be is 
nemned on Englisc Cneoferisburh. c 1000 Ags. Gos. Matt. 
xxvii. 46 Heli, Heli, lema zabdani? pat ys on Englisc, Min 
God, min God, to hwi forlete bu me? c1175 Laméd. Hom. 
103 On [sin] is icweden, Gua, pet is 3ifernesse on englisc. 
c 1208 Lay. 6317 Wrat ba laz3en on Englis. a 1300 Cursor M, 
p. 988 Resurrection 240 (Cott.) Raboni (pat is on englis 
maister), 1340 /d7d. 26545 (Fairf.) pat now in Ingelis [v.r. 
Cott. englis] wil I rede. ¢ 1380 Wyctir Wks. (1880) 429 
same sentense in englizsch. 1447 BoxenHam Seyntys In- 
trod. 4 Wych I purpose now to declare On ynglysh. 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1b, The mater is spirytuall, 
and requyreth moche declaracion in englysshe. ¢ 1530 
Lp. Berners (¢it/e) The hystory of the moost noble and 

23-2 


ENGLISH. 


valyaunt knyght Arthur of lytell brytayne, translated out 
of frensshe in to englushe. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 1. iv. 6 
Abusing of Gods patience, and the Kings English. 1704 

Lond. Vien: No. 6/4 Maurice Roberts ..a Shropshire 
Man, speaking very bad —_ 1782 Wes.ey Wks. (1830) 

IV. 267 Why has he then bad English on every page? — 
E. Howarp 2. Reefer xxxv, They..put the king’s Engl 
to death so charmingly. 1869 ALForp (¢i¢/e), Plea for the 
Queen’s English. ¢ 

b. The ‘English’ of a special period or district, 
or that which appears in the writings of an in- 
dividual author. O/d English: in popular use 
applied vaguely to all obsolete forms of the lan- 
guage. According to the nomenclature now gener- 
ally adopted in this country, the Old English 
period ends about 1100-1150, the A/iddle English 
period about 1500, when the period of Modern 

English begins. Thename Zarly English is often 
used vaguely for Early Middle English, or for 
Middle and Early Modern English. 2 

1225 St. Marher 23, 1 pe mone pat on ure ledene is old 
Pt ve: 4 efterlid inempnet, iulius o latin. 1303 R. Brunne 
Handl. Synne 7672 Yn a prouerbe of olde englys. 1340 
Ayenb., Engliss of Kent. 1691 Woop Ath. Oxon. I. 257 
To these books of Euphues, tis said, that our Nation is in- 
debted for a new English inthem. 1887 Ruskin Preterita 
II. x, Hooker’s English was the perfectest existing model. 

+2. The ‘English’ at an authors command ; 
means of expression in English. Oés. 

1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. 66 Prol., Allas, that I ne had 
Englyssh, ryme, or prose, Suffisant this flour to preyse 
aryght! c1386 — Sg7’s. 7. 29 Myn Englissh eek is insuf- 
ficient. 1631 WEEvER Anc. Fun. Mon. 553, I will set downe 
in such English as I haue in the said Legend, or Agon. 

3. +a. An English sentence to be rendered into 
a foreign language. +b. An English equivalent 
for a foreign word. ec. (School slang) An Eng- 
lish translation; a ‘crib’. 

c1000 AELrric Gram. (Z.) 259 Ealle Sas habbad an Eng- 
lisc, peah hi for faegernysse fela synd on Ledensprece. 
1552 Hutoet, Englyshe or vulgare geuen by a maister to 
scholers to made in latine. 1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts 
(1669) 49 The Englishes of our [Latin] Prepositions, /ézd. 
53 When an English is given to be made Latine, what must 
you do first? 1679 W. Waker Dict. Eng. Particles Pref., 
The first column contains some Englishes. 1862 H. C. 
Avams First June 66, I sometimes have half suspected him 
of learning his lessons with Englishes. 

4. ellipt. for ‘The sense expressed in plain Eng- 
lish’, the plain sense ; also, Plain, true English ; 
+ English out ; and in phrase, /n plain English: 
to speak plainly. 

1645 Liberty of Consc. Pref. Aiij, The plain english of the 
question is this: whether the Christian Magistrate be 
keeper of both Tables. x Warp Simp. Cobler 12 The 
true English of all.. their false Latine, is nothing but a 
generall Toleration of all Opinions. 1659 Scott in Burton 
Diary (1828) 1V. 377 That is English out. 1679 Penn Addr. 
Prot. u. § §.(1692) 184 This is the English of their Doctrine. 
1705 Stanuore ParafA. III. 376 The plain English of what 
he thanks God for is in effect but Thus much. 1749 Frevp- 
ING Tom Fones vu. v. (1840) 86 The English of all which is 
..that Iam inthe wrong. 1856 Emerson Eng. Tratts vii. 
121 When they unmask cant, they say, ‘The English of 
this is’, etc. . 

+5. A Flemish coin (see quot.). Ods. 

lax in Atheneum (1867) 7 Dec. 767 Viij mytis ys an 
englishe, that is the iij** parte of jd. 1540 Act 32 Hen. 
dee EE c. 14 A piece of flemmishe mony called an Eng- 
yshe. : : 

6. Printing. a. The name of a size of type 
smaller than Great Primer and larger than Pica. 


English Type. 


1598 Ord. Stationers’ Co. in Hist. O. E. Lett. Foundries 
(1887) 129 Those in | pen Roman and Italic and in English. 
1676 Moxon Print Lett. 8 The Stem of English Capitals is 
6 parts. 1824 J. Jounson 7yfogr. II. 78 

ittel by the Germans. 

b. Old English: a form of ‘Black Letter’ 
resembling that used by early English printers ; 
now occasionally employed for ornamental pur- 
poses. : 

C. Comb. a. Prefixed to ppl. adjs., as Hxglish- 
born, -bred, -built, -managed, -manned, -rigged, 
-speaking. )b. Forming parasynthetic derivatives, 
as English-hearted,-minded. ¢. Prefixed to other 
adjs., as + English-Indian, +-Irish, +-Popish; 
+English-Saxon, = ANGLO-Saxon; also English- 
French, -German, -Latin, etc., said of dictionaries 
in which English words are followed by their ren- 
derings into other languages. 

18.. Lytron &. Madtrav. (1851) 6 But I am *English- 
born, 1880 Earte Philol. Eng. Tong. $155 A 0 
of French words in our language .. pronounced as English- 
born words. 1808 Bentnam Sc. Reform 80 Such i i 
is not wanting to *English-bred technicalism. ¢ List 
Ships in Marvell Growth Popery 61 The John and Sarah, 
of 120 Tun, *English Built. 1848 Lyrron Harold u. i, 
Many of Godwin’s noblest foes sighed for the *English- 
hearted Earl. 1613 Purcuas Pilgr., Descr. India (1864) " 
Our *English-Indian Societie. 1700 Tyre. Hist. “y= i 


nglish is called 


888 All the *English-Irish Knights. .ran away. re 
pd M. xiii, English- Irish peers. 1740 . Clarke 
Educ. Youth (ed. 3) 37 Such sort of *English-Latin Dic- 


tionaries. 1888 Daily News 26 Nov. “ is estate has 
always been what has been called an *English- ed 
estate. 1882 J. H. Blunt Ref Ch. Eng. U1. ps Thoroughly 
*English-minded men such as Gardiner. 1799 NeELson in 


180 
icolas Dis. IV. 97 An *English-manned 
rege Saioeow Se 1g enon 
lish-Popish 


Camden's Brit.1. Pref., The most ancient British and *Eng- 
lish-Saxon tongues. 1695 Eng. Anc. Const. Eng. 33 As all 
his English-Saxon NIcoLson 
Westmoreland 1. 309 Our English. word evil seems 
to sprii the same source. 1873 F, Hatt Mod. Eng- 
pagers 1883 


ENGLISHWOMAN. 


Child Wife xix. (1888) 101 bs on 

an pressi - ishism’. Indian 

Daily N. 2 Oct., An fishism. Sich Eodlenet ae 

(inglifli), adv. [f.as prec. +-Ly 2.] 
mann B 


In an er, ta. By means of an 


from 
The *English. LL in 
Daily News 5 July 6/2 We Conthouslly hoar d. of 
Mag Seok rer pie 
ion’. ‘or e 1 if 

Tr inde c Keaton isay inte eer a 
monopoly. 

Hence English-hood (rave). 

1883 Mrs. Lynn Linton Jone II. xxiii. 260 The English- 
hood of long walks in the lanes and fields. 


English (inglif), v. Forms: 4 Englysch, 
4-6 -isshe, -ys(s)he, 4— English. [f. prec. adj.] 

1. trans. To translate into English (a book, pas- 
sage, etc.); to give the English equivalent for 
(a word or phrase). 

A Wycur Biéle Prol. xv, To Englisshe it aftir the word 
wolde be derk and douteful. /éid., I Englishe it thus. 
©1430 Lypc. Chorle §& Byrde (1818) 18 Out of frenssh how 
that hit englisshid be. 1490 Caxton Eneydos (1889) 4 For 
hym, I knowe for —_—T to expowne and englysshe 
euery dyffyculte that is therin. 1533 More Aol. v. Wks. 
854/2 Howe be it the preacher englisheth it thus. 1660 
Boye Seraph. Love xvii.(1700' 106 Purchas’d for a Ransom, 
the Original Word English’d Redemption. 1728 Morcan 
Algiers I. Pref. 19 It fully excuses my not Englishing 
them from the Greek my own self. 1807 Ann. Rev. V. 510 
All German verses can be Englished in fewer syllables. 
1872 Spurceon 7yeas. Dav. Ps. Ixii. 1 If we Englished the 
word, by our word ‘ verily’. 

b. To render in English orthography. rare. 

1807 G. Cuatmers Caledonia I. 1. vi. 284 The common 
word .. is ruadh, or as it is englished roy. 

+ 2. To render into plain English; to describe in 
plain terms. Ods. 


1598 Suaxs. Merry W, 1. iii. 51 The hardest voice of her | 


behauiour {to be english’d rightly) is, I am Sir John Fal- 
stafs. 1649 Mitton Lzkon. v. 44 Those gracious Acts .. 
may be english’d more properly Kits of feare. 1671 FLave! 
Fount, Life viii. 22, 1 am ashamed that my pen should 
English what mine eyes have seen. 

3. To make English, to anglicize. a. To adopt 
(a word) into the English language ; to give it an 
English character or form. b. nonce-use. To 
subject to English influence. 

1824-9 Lanvor /mag. Conv. (1846) I. 157 Ligueur is not 
yet Englished. 1879 Watrorp Londoniana II. The 
word ‘ Comfort’ originally Norman and afterwards englished. 
1880 Grant Waite Lvery-Day Eng. 21 When a foreign 
word has been ranean into our speech and has taken 
firm root there, it should be thoroughly Englished. 1880 
Browninc Dram. Jdylisu. Clive g The man Clive—he fought 
Plassy .. Conquered and annexed and Englished ! 

E-nglishable, z. Ods.-° [f. prec. + -ABLE.] 
Capable of being translated into, or expressed in, 
English. 1864 in WessreR; and in mod. Dicts. 

Englished (inglift), p//. a. [f. Enexisn v. 
+-ED!.] That is translated into English. 

1659 Baxter Key Cath. u. i. 389 Is not his Doctrine here 
given you in his Englished words? 1879 Furnivaut £. £. 
T. S. Rep. 20 Trevisa’s ag ce Higden’s Polychronicon, 


1881 Academy 16 ee 277 Which the testator got in ex- 
change for a copy of an englished version. 


Englisher (i'yglifs1). [f. Eneuisu a. and v. + 


-ER. 

1. [f. the adj.] An English subject ; a native or 
inhabitant of England. Chiefly Sc. 

1683 G. Martine Relig. Dive Andrew ii. § 1. (1797) 10 
Within twentie two years as some Englishers grant. 1814 
Scorr Wav. xxix, That ..the young Englisher should pay 
dearly for the contempt with which he seemed to regard 
him. 1835 Lytron Rienzi 1. xii, William the Bastard could 
scarce have found the hardy Englishers so easy a conquest 
as, etc. 186x Ramsay Scot. Life & Char. vi. (ed. 18) 187 
Not in very good humour with the inglishers. k 

2. [f. the vb.] One who translates into English, 

1800 Month. Mag. X. 319 The most fortunate —— of 
Klopstock. PurnivaLe £, EE, 7. S. Rep. 8 eng- 
lisher of the French Romance, — ch of .. 
Exeter. 1881 Academy 1e Mar. 187 Few Englshers have 
been so successful in giving the flavour of French verse. 


Eng (innglifin), vé/. sd, [f. ENciisn 2. 
+-1NG1.] a. The action of the vb. EnGLIsH. b. 
concr, An English rendering or version. 

ar Hampote Psalter Metr, Pref. 42 This holy man .. 
in all his englysching ry3t aftur the latyn taketh cours. 
1586 W. Wess Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 34 The englishing of 

neidos of Virgill. 1607 Torset. Serpents (1658) To Rdr., 
The d p taken inst the former Treatise, 
was the not ong oy ay translating of the Latine Verses. 
1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv, 19 Which [word] they 
have stuck so closely to in their Englishings of Latine. 
1886 A thenwum g Jan. 65/1 Some of Mr. Sieveking’s ‘ Eng- 
lishings’ seem to have stopped rather short of English. 

Englishism (i'nglifiz’m). rare. [f. Excuisn 
+-1sM.] In various occasional senses: The cha- 
racteristics peculiar to the English ; English modes 
of procedure ; a manifestation or product of English 
character; attachment to what is English. 

Tait's Mag. XXII. 177. He .. certificated his pa- 
triotism when on! % an excess of English-ism was imputed, 
1865 J. W. Kaye Sefoy War anting of ter) The Pro- 

of Englishism [i.e. the remodelling of land tenure in 
India according to English notions]. 1868 Mayne Reip 


Warner Alb, Eng. xu. 
hand heart 


Six B. Rupyarp in Rushw. Hist. ColZ. ut. (1692) I. 315 It 
behoves us. .to be ee sensible of the Injustice. 
pig may = _ 1818 Jas. 
et. 30 - in ‘apier’s Corr. (1879) 
educated are all hostile to him. : BSAA 
& D. xv. 168 Voices anything but (Englishly) human. 
(i'nglifmén). [f. Enciisn + 
Man.] A man who is English by descent, birth, 
or naturalization. The historical senses of course 
follow those of ENGLISH @.; in mod. use, unless 
otherwise determined by context (asin Englishman 
by descent, naturalized Englishman), the word 
means one born in England or of English parents. 
c Laws of Aithelstan i. prm. (Thorpe), Ic wille Szxt 
ze ealle waza an earm Engliscmon. c Lay. 
1973 Engliscemen [c 1275 Englesoment hit habbed 
awend, a 1300 Cursor M. 242 (Gott.) Of ingland pe nacione 
Er englijs men in comune. 1387 Trevisa Higden 33 To 
calle the men of the londe englisshmen. Caxton 
Chron. Eng. ccxli. 267 Thurugh = and comfort of our 
englysshmen. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. cvii. 129 Ther 


| was no Englysshman of armes, but that had ii. or iii. pri- 
bani Pa 


soners. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. iii. i 

et a true-borne Englishman. _, EDELL Lett. iv. 80 

~~ en conuertentur ad Dominum Deum, 1701 
De For 7rue-born Eng. 1. 310 Englishman’s the common 
Name for all. 1791 Mrs. Rapciirre Rom. Forest ii, That 
Englishman that used to come with his master to our 
house. 1863 Lond. Rev, 10 Jan. 35/2 A thoroughly vulgar 
Englishman is as offensive an animal as the human mind 
can well imagine. 

b. Lnglishman’s Foot (American) : see quot. 

1687 Crayton Virginia in Phil. Trans. XLI. 145 Our 
Plantain .. they call the Englishman’s-foot. 1861 Mrs. 
Lanxester Wild Flowers 109 Plantain .. has been named, 
by the natives in some of our settlements, ‘the English- 
man’s Foot’. 

Ev-nglishness. [f as prec. + -NEss.] The 
quality or state of being English, or of displaying 
English characteristics. 

1804 W. Taytor in Robberds Mem. I. 512 The jishness 
of several fairy-tales supposed to be French. 1 New 
Monthly Mag. LMI. 118 The Englishness of everything 
about man, woman, and child born in the island. 1884 
Athenzum 19 Jan. 93/3 The attraction of the face of the 
Hon. G. Seymour Conway .. lies in its Englishness, 

Englishry (i‘yglijri). Forms: 5 Englisherie, 
7 englechery, -esherie, Englichiré, -ishiré, 
-ishrye, 8 Englecerie, -eschiré, -escyre, -ich- 
erie, 7— Englishry. [ad. AFr. englecherie, f. 
englesche, ad. ME. englisch, ENGLISH ; see -RY.] 

1. The fact of being an Englishman. Chiefly 
in legal phrase Presentment of Englishry: the 
offering of proof that a slain person was an Eng- 
lishman, in order to escape the fine levied (under 
the Norman kings) upon the hundred or township 
for the murder of a ‘ Frenchman’ or Norman. 

Bracton, followed by the legal antiquaries of the 17th c., 
represents this as the conti ion of a similar practice under 
aah kings; but no evidence to that effect seems to 

nown. 

[c 1292 Brirron I, vii. (1865) 38 Et volums ge nul murdre 
soit ajugie par la ou acun t al mort peuse estre 
trové, qi peuse monstrer ge il fust E) et issi pre- 
senter de ly Englescherie]. 1620 J. Witxinson 7yeat. 
Coroners § Sherifes 8 By a statute made 14 % bo the 
presentment of Englechery was wholly al an- 
nulled. 1649 Se.pen Laws Eng. 1. xl. (1739) 62 This custom 
lasted long after the Normans time, the being only 
changed into the Norman, and was called Englishire. 1741 
T. Rosinson Gavelkind u. ix. HA Before the Presentment 
of a Raed — 7 Berne Early ow. el 
Ages 3 ) proof of ‘ Englishry’ were le 
the f fur nearest relatives of the deceased. 1883 Freeman 
Impress. U. S. iv. 16 All accepted the statement of what 
I may call their Englishry. 

2. That 
that is of 

te dl Harpinc Chron. ccxxxi. iv, Loue of all the land 
He [t 


1600 Dymmox /reland (184 


Though 


to the preservation of the Eng 1792 Burke Let. 
Sir H, ishe Wks, 1842 1. 552 po laws .. as 
lied between Englishry and I 1876 Green Short 

.. English law. .made 


ist. vii. § 8 (1882) 434 

——- marriage of the 
b. An English population; English people 
generally. Ina town: An vy, er quarter. are. 
1867 Howexts /tal. Yourn. 165 | was, beside nu- 
merous meng in detached bodies, a of Germans. 

1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (ed. 3) 1. v. 310 
eh tinkree ae ~ ea 4 

lishwoman. E LISH MAN. 
eee i ty a a, 


apes ae see ENGLISHMAN. es 
, aiglesche, 7 
Wasp perapa 23 Werer was any people under the 


Englishry with persons of Irish 


Welshry. 


ENGLISHY. 


Sun so sick..of new fashions as English-women. 1817 
Byron Beppo \xxxix, Where an Englishwoman sometimes 
faints, Italian females don’t do so outright. 1860 FRoupE 
Hist, Eng. V1. 42 Above all things let her remember to be 
a good English-woman. 

rnglishy, a. monce-wad. [f. as prec- + -y.] 
Characteristic of what is English (as opposed to 
American, etc.). 

1880 Scribn. Mag. Feb. 633 ‘A fogger going to fodder his 
cattle’. .‘ before the summer ricks are all carted’. .how Eng- 
lishy such sentences sound ! 

mglobe (englob), v. Also 7 in-, [f. Ex-1+ 
Guope. Cf. Fr. exglober.] trans. a. To form 
into a globe, make globular; to round; in quot. 
ref. and fig. %b. To enclose in, or as in, a globe; 
in quots. fg. 

1611 Florio, Agglobare, to en-globe cr make round. 1641 
Mitton Ch. Govt. Wks. 1738 I. 53 Prelaty .. must be forc’d 
to dissolve and unmake her own pyramidal figure .. inglobe 
or incube her self among the Presbyters. «@ 1843 Foster in 
Life & Corr. (1846) I. 184 If..it [youthful energy] could 
be englobed .. within the bosom of the young adventurer. 
1858 Sears A than, u. x. 235 The degree in which the hea- 
vens are englobed within us. 

Engloom: see En- pref.! 2. 

+ Englose, v. Obs. trans. ? To paint, polish. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, In his chambre englosed 
bryht and cleare That shone full shene with gold & with 
asure. 

+ Englue’, v. Ols. Also 4 engleue. [a. Fr. 
englue-r, f. en- (see EN-1) + glu birdlime.] 

1. ¢vans. To fasten down or close with, or as 
with, glue. /¢¢. and fig. 

+393 Gower Conf. III. 312 He sighe and redy fonde This 
coffre made and well englued. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas u. 
xxviii. (1554) 65a, And that theyr iyen by none yllusions 
Be not englued. 1475 Caxton ¥asox 81 But whan their 
mosels ben englued. 

b. To attach, connect closely. /ig. 

c1430 Lypc. Bochas v1. xii. (1554) 159 a, Euery surfet en- 
glued es to other And one misrule bringeth in an other. 

2. To fix to the spot, as (a bird) with birdlime ; 
hence, to ensnare, fascinate. 

1393 Gower Conf. I. 331 He hath my lady so engleued 
She woll nought that he be remeued. ¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas 
Il. xxx. (1554) 66 b, Deceit, that .. Folkes englueth. 

Englut (engly't), v. arch. Forms: a. 5 en- 
glot, 6 engloutte, 6- englut. £. 6 inglutte, 
7,9 inglut. [Really two words: (1) ad. OF. ex- 
glotir (Fr. engloutir):—L. ingluttire, f. in- (see 
In-) + gluttire to gulp, swallow; (2) f. En-1+ 
Guut v.] 

1. trans. To swallow, swallow up; to gulp down. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. li. 108 a/t, 
Bounden with the boundes of the deuyll, and englotted in his 
bely. 1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) R viij, 
Wyll ye .. entre agayne into the swalowe of the see, for to 
engloutte you? 1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 320b 
Themselves engluttyng Partriches, Peacockes, Woodcockes. 
1607 SHAks. 770n 11. 1i.175 How many prodigall bits haue 
Slaues and Pezants This night englutted. 1814 Cary Dante 
(Chandos) 169 Inveterate wolf! whose gorge ingluts more 
prey, Than any beast beside. 1832 L. Hunr Transl, Wks. 
262 Night .. hath got thee; To clutch and to englut thee. 

2. To glut, satiate. Zt, and fig. Also ref. 

1571 AscHam Scholem. 1.(Arb.) 50 Being once inglutted 
with vanitie, he will streight way loth all learning. 1593 
Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 157 Whosoeuer englutteth him- 
selfe, is guilty of his owne death. 1610 Histrio-mastix 
v. 183 To englut Their bestiall and more brutish appetites. 
1619 North's Gueuara’s Diall Pr. 701/2 Hee hadde in- 
glutted himselfe with the variety of meates hee did eat at 
the feast. c1800 Downeman Ragnar Lodbrach, There the 
wild beast inglutted stood. 1872 Biackie Lays Highl. 53 
Hungry war Engluts his tiger-maw. 

Hence Englu‘tted, A7/. a. 

1814 Cary Dante (Chandos) 86 Wretched ventricle, That 
turns th’ englutted aliment to dross. 

+ Englu‘te, v. A/ch. Obs. [app. ad. med.L. 
*inglitare, corresp. to F. engluer: see ENGLUE. 
Cf. Pr. englutir.] trans. To close with slime or 
glue ; to seal up (a vessel), make air-tight ; im- 
plied in Englu‘ting, vd/. sb. (See ENLUTE.) 

¢1386 Cuaucer Chan. Vem. Prol. & T. 213 What sholde 
I tellen .. Of the pot and glasses englutyng [v. 7. enlutyng] 
That of the Eyr myghte passe out no thyng. 1584 R: Scor 
Disc. Witcher, xiv. 1, 294 Mysticall termes of art, as. .their 
subliming, amalgaming, engluting [»arginal note, enlut- 
ing]. 1692 Cotes, Exgluting, gluing or glued, stopped. 

|| E-englyn. Sometimes in Welsh pl. englynion. 
[Welsh.] In Welsh poetry, a stanza (now always 
a quatrain) of a certain metrical structure. 

16x2 Drayton Polyolbion iv. 59 In Englins some there 
were that on their subiect straine. /did. note p. 67 Englins 
are couplets interchanged of 16 and 14 feet called Paladiries 
and Pensels. 1866 Cornh, Mag. Mar. 28 About 2000 engly- 
nion or epigrammatic stanzas. 1875 Anderida I. xu. 236 
Bards, your choicest englyns sing. 

|| Engobe (engéb). [Fr.] (See quot.) 

1857 Bircu Anc, Pottery (1858) II. 326 An engobe or white 
coating of pipe-clay, with which the potter has covered thé 
wase. 1875 Fortnum Maiolica i. 9 The translucent coat 
through which the white ‘slip’ or ‘engobe’ became ap- 
parent. 

Engod, -gold, -golden: see En- fref.11 b, 2. 

Engore (engo-1), v.! Also 6 engoar, ingore, 
7ingoar. [f. En-1+Goru.sé.] ¢rans. To steep 
in gore’; to make gory, stain with blood. 

1593 Nasue Christ’s 7. (x613) 39 He shall. .Oxen, Sheepe, 


181 


Cammels, idely engore. Dantet Civ. Wares vu. ii. 
‘This new chosen Lord .. with the sword. .Ingor’d his new- 
worne crowne. c161x CHAPMAN /éiad xu. 212 A high- 
flown eagle..sustain’d a dragon all engor’d In her strong 
seres. /éid. xx1. 22 (D.) The flood blush’d to be so much 
engor’d With such base souls. 31615 W. Hutt AZirr. of 
Maiestie 86 This bloud, wherewith I am ingoared. c 1800 
Downman Ragnar Lodbrach in Evans O, Balt. 111. iv. 113 
With hunger keen the trenchant sword Wide the Scarfian 
rocks engor’d. 

Hence Engorred, Af/. a. Obs. 

1602 Return fr. Parnass. u. v. iv. (Arb.) 69 There shall 
engoared venom be my inke. 

+ Engo're, v.2 Ods. rare. [f. EN-1 + Gore v.] 
trans. To gore, wound deeply; fig. to ‘goad’, 
infuriate. Hence Engo-red, /#/. a. 

1590 SpeNnsER /. Q. 11. viii. 42 As salvage Bull .. When 
rancour doth with rage him once engore. /é¢d. 11. v. 28 
By the great persue which she there perceav’d; Well hoped 
shee the beast engor’d had beene. 1596 /é7d. 1v. ix. 31 
As when an eager mastiffe once doth prove The tast of 
bloud of some engored beast. 

Engorge (eng/'1dz),v. Also 6 ingurge, 6-8 
ingorge. [a. F. engorge-r, f.en in + gorge GORGE, 
throat.] 

1. ¢rans. To fill the gorge of ; to gorge, feed or 
fill to excess; chiefly vef/. Also (rarely) zxtr. for vel. 

Prob. first used (in Eng.) with ref. to hawks ; see GorGr. 

1515 Barciay eres ul. (1570) A vj/x A birde well in- 
gorged kepes well her nest. 1549 CoverpALe Lrasm. Par. 
1 Cor. viii. 4 Engorge and pamper vppe themselues with 
flesh offered to idolles. 1557 Nortu Diadl of Princes 62a, 
To ingurge themselves with wyne. 1603 HoLtanp Plutarch’s 
Mor. 1213 You sit downe to meat..but touch not one dish, 
leaving them afterwards for your servants to engorge them- 
selves therewith. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 791 Greedily she 
ingorg’d without restraint. 

@ 1559 Dotman in Mirrour for Magistr. (1568) N 8b, 
With pleasures cloyed, engorged with the fyll. 1689 ‘T. 
Piunket Char. Gd. Commander 16 A Cur engorged with 
asperity. ; 

b. transf. in passive: To be filled to excess, 
crammed. Chiefly ath. of animal tissues or 
organs: To be congested with blood. 

1599 Broughton's Lett. i. 6 Virulent letters .. ingorged 
with impudent lies. 1632 Lirucow 7vav. x. 499 The Riuers 
are ingorged with Salmond. 1834 J. Fornes Laennec’s Dis. 
Chest (ed. 4) 213 The surrounding pulmonary substance .. 
was red and engorged. 1869 H. Ussuer in Eng. Mech. 3 Dec. 
272/2 These vessels are congested, or engorged with blood. 

2. To put (food) into the gorge; to devour 
greedily. Also ¢ransf. and fig. to swallow up (as 
a vortex). 

1s4t Exvyor Jimage Gov. (1556) 72b, Also ingorgeyng 
meate upon meate. 1 Hoiiranpn Amm, Marcel. xxi. 
vi. 237 Neither doth any man, after he hath once satisfied 
his hunger, engorge superfluous meats. 1798 Month. Mag. 
VI. 366 Prepare not to ingorge The eternal pyramids. 1850 
Neate Med. Hymns 48 Engorg’d in former years, their 
prey Must Death and Hell restore today. 

absol. 1739 Grobtanus 142 Ingorge once more. did. 179 
Largely ingorge, and labour thro’ the Treat. 

Hence Engo'rged ///. a.. Engo‘rger sd., Bn- 
gorging vl. sb. 

1562 BuLteyn Def. agst. Sickness, Sicke men, §c. 65a, 
This will not helpe to digest your ingorged full stomack. 
1598 Fiorio, Divoratore, a deuourer, a glutton, an en- 
gorger. 1611 Cotcr., /zgorger, A rauener, glutton, gulch, 
ingorger. Lugorgement, a glutting, rauening, deuouring, 
ingorging. 

ngorgement (eng/j-1dzmént), [f. EncorcE 
v. + -MENT.] a. The action of engorging. b. 
The state of being engorged, in various senses, 
esp. Path. the congestion (of a tissue or organ) 
with blood, secretions, etc. 

1611 SPEED Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. (1632) 844 The warre 
eates on still in the body of France, but not with so sharpe 
teeth, nor so full engorgement as before. 1866 A. FLINT 
Princ. Med. (1880) 163 The period during which the affected 
lobe is in the state of active congestion or engorgement. 
1872 Darwin Emotions xiii. 325 The engorgement of the 
face, ears, and eyes with blood. 1873 HoLtanp A. Bonnic. 
vii. 118 His aim was .. never to press to engorgement the 
receptive faculties. 1878 Napueys Phys. Life Woman u. 
233 Averting the violent rush of the milk .. and the conse- 
quent engorgement of the breast. 188r Raymonp J/ining 
Gloss., Engorgement, the clogging of a furnace. 

+ Engortish, v. xonce-wd. [f. EN-1+ Gor(a) + 
-ISH.] _¢vans. To class or designate as ‘ Gothic’. 

1664 Evetyn tr. Hreart’s Archit. Pref. 5 To Engotish.. 
after their own capricious humour an infinite many which 
do all pass under this appellation. 

|| Engouement (afig’man). Also 9 engou- 
ment. [Fr.: lit. obstruction in the throat.] Un- 
reasoning fondness. 

1848 THackeray Van, Fair xxxiv. (1866) 280 She repaid 
Miss Crawley’s exgoument by artless sweetness and friend- 
ship. 1851 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. §& Eng. 1. Introd. 44 
Swayed by the exgowement for classical literature. 

Engouled (engzld), a. Her. [ad. Fr. engoulée, 
fem. pa. pple. of exgouler, f. en in + OF. goule 
(F. gueule) mouth (of a beast). The mod. Dicts. 
give the Fr. form engoulée.] 

An epithet applied to bends, crosses, saltiers, 
etc., the extremities of which enter the mouths of 
animals. 1830 Rosson Brit. Her. Gloss. 


+ Engow-ted, A/. z. Ols. Also 5 engowted. 
[? f. En-1+Gour drop.] ? Marked with spots like 
drops of blood. 

c1450 Bh Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. 1. 296 This hawke is 


ENGRAFT. 


engowted into braell ende. 1677 N. Cox Gentd. Recreation 
1 fg rea Her Brail feathers are engouted betwixt red 
and black. 


Engown: see En- pref. 1 a. 

+ Engow'schede, ///. a. Obs. rare—'. [Ety- 
mology and meaning uncertain: cf. OF. engoussé 
stout, fleshy.] 

2a1400 Morte Arth. 2053 A dragone engowschede. 

Engrace (engré's), v. Also 7in-. [f. En-1+ 
Grace sb.] ta. To introduce into favour (cf. 
tngratiate) obs. bb. To put grace into. 

Hence Engra‘ced, ff/. a. Engra‘cer, one who 
or that which engraces. 

1610 G, Fietcuer Christ’s Vict. in Farr S. P. Fas. 7 
(1848) 74 Ingrac’t into so high a favour. a1641 Br. R. 
Mounracu Acts § Monusm. (1642) 235 His intent was. .to in- 
grace his service with King Herod. 1874 Pusey Lewd. 
Sern. 1o9 He..made it a violence to their engraced nature, 


not to choose Him. 1866 — Mérac. Prayer 5 God is its 
Engracer, its Indweller. 


+ Engra‘ded, ///. a. Her. Obs. rave—'. Also 
in-. [f. Ex-1+ Grapne+-Ep.] (See quot.) 


1486 Bk. St. Alban’s, Her. Dij b, Off a cros engraylid or 
engradid. /d7d. Vhei ar calde armys engradit for they ar 
made of ij colouris the wich graditly ar broght to gedir oon 
coloure into another coloure. /é/d. Diijb, Ther 1s also a 
partyng of armys of ij colours ingradyt. 

+ Engra‘ff, ingra‘ff, v. Ods. or arch.  [. 
En-1, In- + GRraF¥ 7.] 

1. = ENGRaFT v. 1. 

e420 Pallad. on Hush. Ww. 33 He .. nygh the roote in- 
graffeth his sarment. 1590 MarLowr 2nd Pt. Vamburl. u. 
ni, That Zoacum, that fruit of bitterness, That in the midst 
of fire is ingraff’d. @ 1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 140 Before 
wee engraffe a Science, wee cut it, and set it for incision. 
a@ 1667 CowLEy Shortuess Life Wks. (1688) 138 Who does a 
slight and annual Plant engraff Upon a lasting stock. 

a: Jig. = ENGRAFT v, 2. 

€ 1449 Pecock Refr. 563 He is ouer greet to be ingraffid 
here. 1542 Brecon Christin. Bang. Wks. (1843) 74 He is 
‘the vine,’ in whom we being ingraffed must needs bring 
forth much fruit. 1561 ‘T. Norton Cadlvin’s Inst. 1. 145 
He did after a certain maner engraffe them into y’ house- 
hold of Abraham. 1605 Answ. Supposed Discov. Rost. 
Doctr. &c. 46 They be matriculated and ingraffed to the 
University. 1641 Mitton Ch. Discip. 1. (1851) 20 How 
many surreptitious works are ingraff’d into the legitimate 
writings of the Fathers. 1660 R. Coke Power & Subj. 83 
‘That there is a God.. naturally ingraffed into the minds 
of all men. 1695 E. WeLtcuMan Husband. Manual (1707) 
43 There are too many, who, tho’ engraffed into the Church, 
live no better..than many Heathens. 1739 Grobtanus 224 
The better to ingraff In Mem’ry ev’ry useful Paragraph. 

b. To beget. rare. 

1864 SwinBuRNE A falanta 963 [Children] All holy born, 

engraffed of ‘Tantalus. 
te. In fassive: To be closely attached 40. Ods. 

1597 SHAKS. 2 Hex. /V, 11. ii. 67 You haue beene so lewde, 
and so much ingraffed to Falstaffe. as 

Hence Engra‘ffed, ///.a. Engra‘ffer, Engra ff- 
ing, vi/. sb. Engra‘ffment = ENGRAFTMENT. 

1586 T. Rocers 39 Art. (1621) 125 Before men be re- 
generate, they are .. not engraffed, but wild olives. 1604 
Suaks. Oth. 11, iii. 145 With one of an ingraft Infirmitie. 
a1619 Donne Biodavaros (1644) 81 This first ingraffed and 
inborne desire. 1643 T. Goopwin Trial Chr, Growth 8 He 
is the ingraffer, and implanter of all the branches into this 
Vine. a 1655 Vines Lord’s Supp. (1677) 285 The one seals 
our engraffing and implanting into Christ. 1705 STANHOPE 
Paraphr. V1. 52 Engraffing .. incorporates one sort of 
Plant with a Tree of another. @ 1638 Merve /V&s. 1. xiii. 
236 By their spiritual engraffment into him. 

Engraft, ingraft (en-, ingra‘ft), v. In 7 
pa. pple. engraften. [f. En-1, In- + Gnrarr.] 

1. ¢rans. To graft in; to insert (a scion of one 
tree) as a graft zv¢o or wfon (another). Also absol. 

@1677 Barrow Serm. III. xxiii. (R.), Upon the wildest 
stock divine husbandry can engraft most excellent fruit. 
17or CunnincuaM in Phil. Trans, XXIII. 1206 When they 
ingraft, they do not slit the Stock as we do, but cut a small 
slice off the outside of the Stock. 1732 BERKELEY A ciphr. 
1. § 14 If upon a plum-tree peaches and apricots are en- 
grafted. 1797 Hotcrort tr. Stolberg’s Trav. (ed. 2) II. 1x. 367 
‘Trees.. which, by engrafting, bear two kinds of fruit. 1816 
J. SmitrH Panorama Sc. § Art I. 640 Pear-trees are pro- 
pagated by engrafting..upon free stocks. 

b. ¢ransf. To set firmly 27. 

1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 83 The foundation stones of 
every course were engrafted into, or rather rooted in the 
rock. bid. § 245 A socket, whereby the courses would have 
been mutually engrafted. 

2. fig. (Often with express reference to a meta- 
phorical ‘tree’, ‘stock’, etc.) a. To implant 
(virtues, dispositions, sentiments) 2 the mind ; to 
incorporate (a thing) z¢o a previously existing 
system or unity, (an alien) zo a race or commu- 
nity; andthe like. b. Const. ov, aon: To super- 
add (something adventitious) to something already 
existing which serves as a basis. +¢. Comm. To 
add to the stock of a trading company (cf. En- 
GRAFTMENT 3.) 

@. 1585 Asp. SANDYS Sev7. (1841) 114 This word. . would root 
out vice and ingraft virtue. 1633 Ear: Mancu. Al Mondo 
(1636) 203 This ardent Love engrafting me into God by her 
uniting vertue. 1634 T. Jounson tr. Parey’s Chirurg. xxiv. 
ii. (1678) 538 Lest that their sad..and pensive cogitations, 
should be..engraften in the issue. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. v. 
§ 2. (1643) 161 Finding that some false tenets were engrafted 
amongst the ignorant. 1642 Rocers Naaman Ep. Ded. 3 Yet 
God hath ingrafted your Honour into another stocke. 1643 
Mitton Divorce w iii (1851) 70 This cannot be lesse then 


ENGRAFTATION. 


to ingraft sin into the substance of the law. 1737 WHISTON 
pase ey € <intig, xvi. xii. § t A certain young man..in- 
ed himself into the kindred of Herod by the resem- 

Ser of his countenance. a 1754 Fie.pinc Remedy ict. 
Wks. 1775 IX. 247 Acquiring solid lasting habits of virtue, 


and ingrafting them into our character. 
b. 1 | asta P. L. x1. 35 All his works on mee Good or 
nt ee my Merit those Shall perfet, and for these 
h shall pay. 1736 Berxetey Af/. vig I. 
06 Death 3 be fatal to en t trade on a nati 
bank. 1790 Bouse Fr. Rev. a = You can 
hii a 


= any description of 
uNDAS in J. Owen Welkeley's “Dish. nies The addition 
made to your European infantry. being en ed on old 
disciplined well s reg . Powett De- 
vises (ed. 3) Il. 245 An executory limitation {is} engrafted on 
an alternate contingent remainder in fee on another. 1839 
Auison Hist. Europe (1849-50) I. Introd. § 18 On the de- 
cayed stock of urban liberty they ingrafted the vigorous 
shoots of pastoral freedom. 1855 Macautay “Hist. Eng. 
III. 524 A bill of pains and penalties. .should be. .engrafted 
on the Bill of Indemnity. 1881 Grant Cameronians I. i‘ 
14 It had been added to, or engrafted on, the tall, old, 
square baronial tower. 

@. 1697 Lurtreti Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 164 Whether they 
would admit talleys and their own notes to be engrafted 

n their stock. 
“3. To graft (a tree), to furnish with a graft. 
1794, MARTYN Rousseau's Bot. vii. 73 Fruit-trees are some- 
what in the same case, by bse, ingrafted. 
tb. To introduce small-pox virus into (a per- 
son’s system) ; = INocULATE. Obs. 

1717 Lavy M. W. Montacve Left. (1887) I. 228 The boy 
was engrafted last Tuesday..I cannot engraft the girl. 

E tion (engrafté-fan). rare. if. prec. 
+-ATION.] The action of engrafting. 

1816 G. S. Faser Origin Pag. Idol. 11. 432 Engraftation. 
1817 — Eight Dissert. (1845) III. 372 Ingraftation. a 1853 
Rosertson Serm. Ser. 1v. xxviii. 213 The result of that en- 
graftation was, that the fruit..savored partly of the new 
graft, and partly of the old stock. 

ed (engra‘ftéd), pp/. a. [f. ENGRAFT 
v.+-ED1.] In the senses of the vb. Zt. and fg. 
+ Engrafted holding: = EMPHYTEUSIS. 

¢ 1600 Suaks. Sonn. xxxvii, ] make my love engrafted to 
this store. 1611 Biste Fas. i. 21 Receiue with meeknesse 
the engrafted word. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 21 The 
Tree is certainly good, an ingrafted Tree. 1721 Lond. Gas. 
No. 5934/2 The Proprietors of the ingrafted stock are re- 
quired to make the Payment of 3/. per cent. 1762 J. Brown 

oetry & Mus. xi. (1763) 186 On their first Entrance into 
Rome, these dramatic Shews were no longer in their natural, 
but in an ingrafted State. c1766 Burke Tracts Poper. 
Laws Wks. IX. 391 The Romans..therefore invented this 
species of engrafted holding. 1807 J. E. Smitu Phys. Bot. 
35 He found a layer of new wood under the engrafted bark. 

+Engra‘fter. Os. [f. as prec.+-ER.] One 
who engrafts. 

rar R. Kertutr. 7. &@ Kempis' Solilog. Soul xvi. 235 He 
is the Lover and the Ingrafter of Cleanness. 

Engrafting (engra‘ftin), v6/. sé. [f. ENGRAFT v. 
+-1NG!.] The action of the verb ENGRAFT in 

various senses. 

1667 Phil. Trans. II. 553 The curious engrafting of 
oranges. 1717 Lavy M. W. “Mowtacur Lett. I. xxv. 130 
The small-pox..is here entirely harmless by the invention 
of ingrafting, which is the term they give it. 


Engraftment (engra‘ftmént). Also in-. [f. 
as prec. + -MENT.] 
1. The action of engrafting. /’t. and fg. Also 


concr. the shoot engrafted, a graft. 

1647 M. Hupson Div. Right Govt, u. x. 165 The engraft- 
ment and plantation of Christian principles in the heart of 
an Infidel. @ 1743 Savace Ef. Dyer 46 Those trees .. 
Which from our own engraftment fruitful rise. 1745 tr. 
Columella’s Husb. w. xxix, 1 engaged to give directions 
about ingrafting of vines, and preserving the ingraftments. 
1774 Br. Sacerax Anal. Rom, Law (1795) Pref. 21 The laws 
of B giand have received great improvements by ingraft- 
ments from the Roman. 1837 Wuittock Bk. Trades (1842) 
370 The consequent ingraftment of Norman French upon 
the previous Saxonish dialects. 1858 Sat. Rev. 14 Aug. 
166/t On that fatal day [Bosworth Field] the White Rose 
withered for ever, and he cannot stomach its engraftment on 
the rival stalk. 

+2. = Inocunation. Obs. Cf. ENGRAFT v. 3b. 

1722 Netrieton /noculation in Phil. Trans. XXXII. 
210 This Distemper is raised by an Ingraftment from the 
Small Pox. oe : A 

+3. The issuing of additional stock in a trading 
company. Ods. Cf. ENGRAFT v. 2c. 

1721 Lond. Gaz. No. 5934/3 1 The al per cent. which was 
due. .pursuant to the Terms of ngraftment. 1776 ADAM 
Smita W, N. 1.11. ii. 319 The Bank was allowed to enlarge 
its capital by an engraftment of 1,001,1712. ros. 

+Engra‘fture. Ods. In 7 ingrafture. ff 
as prec.+-URE.] The action of engrafting ; the 
state of being engrafted. 

Warren Unbelievers 104 It is compared to an in- 
ure of a branch in a tree, 1658 Br. Reynops Lord's 


Wf. xi, We often read. .of his more peculiar nce with 
and in his people, and of our spiritual ingraftare totp him 


a ( 1) F 
mgrail (engréi'l), v orms: a. 4-5 en- 
grele, 5 engreyl, -grale, 6- 6-7 engraile, -ayl, 6- 
engrail. £8, 5 ingrayl, 6-7 Seer -ale, -eyl, 
(6 ingrele), [ME. engrele, a. OF. engresle-r 
(mod. F. engréler), commonly believed to be f. en- 
(see En-1) + gresle, gréle hail. 

The original sense would thus be ‘to pit or indent as 
by a shower of hail.’ The writer of the Book of St. Albans 
(see quot. 1486 s. v. ENGRAILED) supposed that the word was 


182 


derived fi (L. gradus) step, 
gradatua as the Lat po nid yf gimme ie. 


ss rg on To indent the edge of (an ordinary) 
deh . of contiguous curvilinear notches. 


to ornament the edge of (anything) 
— py» ted pattern of this kind. 
2. a. 


Almost exclusively Q PP Wii see ENGRAILED 
ith his griffuns of gold en- 


c 1420 Anturs raga 3 
grelet fulle gay. @ Sir Degrev. 1030 He beres in cheef 
of azour Engrelyd with a satur [#.e. ee c 1500 Sc. 
Poem Her. 136 in Q. Elis. Acad. 99 The first, hole croce ; 
the tother, engrelit be. 1572 Bossewet. Armorie u. 

The quarters in the division of the Escocheon be engray’ 

1605 Campen Rem. (1637) 214 They bare for their Armes 


ta Bend ingreyled Gules. 1695 Lond. Gaz. No. 3081/. 

yon Rampant with Ermine in a border ingral’d. 1766 

Tome Her Gloss., Engrailed, This word signifies a 
thing the hail has fallen upon, and broken off the ed; 


like the leaves ofa a tree notched by hail-stones. 1840 Bar- 
nam /ugol. Leg. Pref, 4 The Ingoldsby escutcheon, a saltire 


ailed Gules. 1864 BouTELt Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xv. 
3) 186 They alsg engrail the bend itself. Ww. JONES 
in er-ring L, 248 A curious ring was exhibited. .It is en- 


grailed. 

2. transf. To give a serrated appearance to ; for- 
merly sometimes, to ro uughen, render prickly. 

1576 Newton tr. Lemnie’s Complex, 286 Their bodyes. .en- 
= led with lothsome blisters. 1 Nasue Unfort. Trav. 

he eighth had all his armour throughout engrayled like 
: “crabbed brierie hawthorne bush, 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. 
xxix. (1748) 380, I [the river Wear] indent the earth, and 
then I it engraile With many a turn and trace. 1661 Morcan 
Sph. Gentry 1. ii. 23 Ingraling the earth by the waved lines 
of water. 1832 Tennyson Palace Art xxix, Or over hills 
with peaky tops engrail’d. 

+3. To indent, sculpture in intaglio. Oés. 

1548 Hatt Chron. Hen. V//1,73 A fountayne of enbowed 
woorke, sylte with fine gold, and bice, ingrayled with anticke 
woorkes. Drant Horace Sat. 1. Fviij b, The execu- 
tours of Sta rie engraylde on his grave, What were his 
ample legaces. 1567 /bid., Arte Poet. B v, Lawes to ingrale 
in during brasse. 1 Stanynurst Descr. /rel. in Holin- 
shed Chron. V1. 26 The famous conquest of so woorthie a 
potentate should be ingrailed in perpetuall memorie. 1602 
Fuisecke Pandects 63 Their countenances were resembled 
and engrailed in their Armorie. 

+4. ?To variegate, adorn with mixture of colours. 

In the first two quots. possibly: To surround with an in- 
dented border. 

3 in Antig. Repert. (1807) I. 50 Rede cloth engreyled 

vj yerdes of white woolen cloth. 1548 Hatt Chron. 
) 516 Cloth of golde set with redde roses ingreyled with 
pee of brouderye. c x6rx Cuapman //iad xxi. 761 Macides 
then shows. .a caldron new, engrail’d with twenty hues. 

5. In mod. poetry sometimes used for: To orna- 
ment wth (metal). 

It is not clear whether any more definite sense is intended 
in the examples here quoted. 

1814 Soutney Roderick 1, White turbans, glittering 
armour, shields engrail’d With gold. 1823 BowLes Grave 
Last Sax.1v. 552 The lion ramps Upon his mailed breast, 
engrailed with gold. 1870 Bryant //iad I. x. 318 The car 
E mee, with brass. 

Lg ape (engréi'ld), pp/. a. [f. ENGRAIL v.] 

EnGRAIL v. 1.) a. Her. Of an ag 

Have a series of curvilinear indentations in the 
edge. b. gen. Of the edge of any object, of a 
line, a circle, etc.: Ornamented with a series of 
curvilinear indentations. e¢. Of a coin: Having 
a margin formed by an engrailed circle, or with a 
ring of dots. ad. Hxtom. Engrailed moth, 7eph- 
vosia biundularia; Small engrailed moth, 7. 
crepuscularis (Newman Brit. Moths 66). 

2a 1400 Morte Arth. 4183 He had sothely for-sakene As 
sawturoure engrelede. — Bk. St. Albans, Her. E ij 
Sych a bordure is calde a bordure ingraylit for the colowre 
sige is put gre by gre into the felde of tharmys. 1830 E. 
Hawkins Anglo-Fr. Coin. 128 Legend..within two con- 
centric engrailed circles. 1848 Rickman Goth, Archit. xx, 
The nail-head, and engrailed ornaments. 1856 SmyTH 
Rom. Fam. Coins 97 A well struck engrailed coin of ex- 
cellent workmanship. or W. H. ‘Turner Pudi. Hari. 
Soc. V. 86 A cross engrailed between four water bougets. 

+2. (See EnGRAI v. 3.) Incised, carved in in- 
taglio. Obs. 

1784 J. Barry Lect. Art i. Ghes) 69 The intaglio or en- 
grail figures on our Gothic tombs, 

+ Engrai‘ling, v/. si. Ods. [f. as prec. + 
-InG1.]” The action of the verb Encramn, Also 
concr. an engrailed edge. 

1486 Bk. St, Albans, Her. C vj a, This en 
propur langage aftir the sight of thys pata, pom Soba an 
endentyng. x6xx Cortcr., £ ~seg an ingrayling, or 
inuecking ; a kind of small indentin Mag a coat of Armes. 
1753 Hocartu Anal. Beauty x. 61 regular engralings 
(as the heralds express it) which displeased th the eye before, 

1784 J. Barry soe ACES iii. (1848) 150 This ridiculous carved 

and engrailing, 


“ 


Engrai‘lment. [f. as prec. +-ment.] a. Her. 
The state of being engrailed or indented in curved 
lines. b. The engrailed circle round the margin 
of a coin, etc. 

1856 Smyru Rom. Fam. Coins 31 The laureated and ring- 
letted profile of Apollo within an engrailment. 

Engrain, ingrain (en-, ingréin), v. 

4 engreyne, 6 engrene. (f. vo In- + uae 

Palsgr. 1530 gives a Ly engrainer to dye. The word, 
whether first formed in Fr. or Eng., was suggested by the 
Fr. phrase ex graine (adapted in Eng. as in grain) where 
graine means the cochineal dye. Hence fo engrain and to 


ENGRAINER. 
stbseadently Daidiye iatany ‘st colour Dae annie 


ae aeeivla ue co rain, a. Fr, grain, 
Se ge 
use lye in means to 
of the l with the dye, to dye the Pj 
before it is woven ; jentete pais nionee arectene’ Caine 
have di to grain str 
whole the form engrain is now preferred to ingrain3 see 
however the note on ENGRAINED A/, a.) 
+1. trans. To dye scarlet or crimson with cochi- 


neal ; hence, to dye in fast colours, dye in grain. 


Also ‘transf. and jig. Obs. or arch. 
Already men archaism ry make oe as the 
glossary to A a et yed in grain.” 
Lees B. 1 Hire robe was ful riche 
red scarlet engreyned. Log (gerne Exp. 162 
she davon me engreyaed Arnoipe Chron. (1811) 
yuered hes Pos enc to Mayster Foster. 
pe Sis Act 24 on rae 13 Clothe of the colours of 
scarlet, crimosen, or este” BS) R 
Sheph. Cal. has 131 Wick Comte ined in 


1591 —Virgils Guat 666 The Rose chgraint np Saeetenin 
8 1596 fey tine! Sir F. (1881) 35 His worth 
in honours sas 

. 1561 Daus tr. "Bulinger her (1573) 44 bey 
abn Se ee precious apparell, as veluet 
sattin, or d. 5h pigs! d but in sacke- 
cloth. 1 Dantet Civ. Wares u. cxvii, 
grayn’d with blood. I acenge Serpent 's ent 3) oa a 
colour in-grained with the dung 
Fatrrax Bulk § Selv. 171 It re od mae blew wy 
Hobbes ingrain’d. ‘ona Sinceton Virgil I. 163 Maesien 
wools. ingrained With yrian crimsons. 


2. To cause (a dye) to sink into the texture of 
a fabric ; to work (a foreign substance) into the 
‘ fibre’, the intimate structure of an Chiefly 
jig. to ’ implant ineradicably (habits, convictions, 
prejudices, tastes) 7 a person. 

a. a1641 Br. R. Mountacu Acts & Monum. (1642) 129 
When the spots are engrained, and will not out by scour- 
ing, etc. 1820 Scotr /vanhoe xxxv, The stain hath be- 
come engrained by time and consuetude. a@1862 Buckte 
Civiliz. t873) il i. 43 With such force had the circum- 
stance just narrated en su ition in the 
character. 1862 Max ULLER Aap ad (1880) I. ix. 184 The 
feeling..is so di 

i 


leeply 
. 1746-7 HERVEY Medit. (1818) 42 Evil habits. .th 
ingramved 6 in the ition. 1878 V. Amer. Rev.CX 
rly This republicanism the T: have 


3. In passive: To be indelibly marked wut. 

1863 Barinc-Goutp /ce/and 160 A post very old, and in- 
— with filth. 

4. +a. To give a certain kind of texture to (ods. 
rare—). b. nonce-use. To form a granular sur- 
face on (the skin). 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 147 She was wont in Asses 
milke to bathe o> to - her skin more gentle, plyant, 
delicate and supp! Burton Bk.-Hunter 32 The 
countless little vioiies which engrained his skin. 

+ Engrai'n, v.2 Obs. rare—. [ad. F. engrener, 
f. en- (see En- pref.1) + grain lit. ‘grain’] 

intr. Of a toothed wheel, etc.: To fit into a cor- 
—oeee toothed piece of machine: Ps 

Gow E. Philos, ) II. means 

Ey toothed wheal ¥ engrolaiag fa a! 2 te 


of the toothed wheel F 

Engrained, (en-, ingrétnd), 
Ppl. a. [f. ENGRAIN v.! +-ED1, In the ppl. adj. used 
attrib., though not in the vb., the form with zz- is 
more common than that with en-. In sense 2 the 
word is often heard with secon (sometimes 
even with primary) stress on the prefix #-.] 


+2. Dyed in grain: see ENGRAIN vl 
Ps Marston Lie Villanie 1. iv. 189 1 in’d Habits, 
u 
Tho- 


with often dips, Are not so soone 
b. fg. with sbs. charact persons : 

roughly permeated with the characteristic quali- 
ties ; thoroughgoing, incorrigible. Cf. ‘a rogue 
in grain’. 

ee cesy Lett. xii, (1862) I. 62 The blood: 
om me F ( II. 53 Multi. 
pa ragh pond fn Lay pi a it ag 


es of of the succession, 
cloak of thee uration, served the interests of the Pre- 
tender. 1857 Maynew Lond. Labour 1. 329 Many in- 
beggars certainly use the street trade as a for 


alms-seeking. 1870 Lowe.t aaa my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 
277 He is an F taleninedl somet 
3. Ofa dye, or foreign matter of anysort: Cele 


into the inmost texture of ee Teatit on 1 Ae 
of habits, sentiments, prejudices : ly 


nie Spee Se Fi Col. Q. Rev. 1. Deeply 
an = <8 en 


bia omny Foge: 


egotism 
earliest SINGLETON 
underneath the Bis gulf, 


“away, it out by aay ingraines SLanousy 
Farow, va x29 It hed, its usual of cant. 
1869 Fcho20 Mar. His sinewy have got an odd, grimy 
ingrained lust. 


“Flence Rugra 


Engrai‘nedly adv. 
heneum instinct and 
princes decgnedy and re abet ea an x 


“ner. (f. as prec. + 
who er 


ER.) S. 


ia 


7. 


See ee eee ere 


ENGRALEE. 


Ann. Rev. U1. 17 Chemistry may hope one day to 
blish the scarlet dyer’s vade-mecum, or every man his own 
ingrainer. 

+ Engra‘lee, a. Her. Obs. [a. OF. engrallé 
(mod. engré/é): see ENGRAILV.] =ENGRAILED. 

1578 Bossewett Wks. Armorie u. 27 b, To beare the same 
[colours] plaine, and neither engralee, rasie, enueckie or 
dentellie. 

Engrand : see En- pref! 2. 

+ Engrandize, -ise, v. Ols. Also 7 in- 
grandize. [a. Fr. engrandiss- extended stem of 
engrandi-r, ad. It. ingrandire:—late L. ingran- 
dire, f. in- (see IN-) +. grandi-s great (see GRAND). 
Cf, AGGRANDIZE.] ‘trans. To make great, in- 
crease in estimation, importance, power, rank, or 
wealth. 

1625 in Rushw. His#. Coll. (1659) I. 159 Curing the Kings 
Evil..a device to ingrandize the vertue of Kings when 
Miracles were in fashion. 1653 A. Witson Fas. /, 55 To in- 
grandize all, the King created him.. Viscount Rochester. 
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. 111.95 He engrandiz’d his own 
Nephews amongst them. /dzd. 11. 1. 225 Alexander. .en- 
deavoured what he could to ingrandize the Title of Cardinal, 
1883 tr. Allocution Pope Leo XIII in Daily News 1 Sept. 
2/2 Many..who are led away by the idea of constituting 
and engrandising the nation, 

Hence Engra‘ndizing, v/. sb. and ppd. a. 

1670G. H. Hist, Cardinals u. 1. 192 He began. .to bend 
his mind to the ingrandizing this Kinsman. 1653 A. WiLson 
Fas. I, 52 With this Ingrandizing Title the King added a 
great Revenue. 1657 REEVE God’s Plea 83 Elate..imagin- 
ating, engrandising, preheminencies. 


+Engra'nge, v. Ods. rare—'. [a. F. en- 
grange-r, f. en in+ grange barn.] trans. To put 
(crops) into a barn ; to store, fill (a treasure-house). 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x1. xii, Them .. I shall enrych, 
and shall engrange theire tresoure with fruyt delytable. 

Engrape: see En- fref.! 1 b. 

Engrapple, variant of INGRAPPLE v. Ods. 

Engrasp (engra'sp), v. [f. En-! + Grasp.] 
trans, To take, or try to take, in one’s grasp; to 
embrace, grasp, seize. Also fg. 

1593 NAsHE Christ’s 7. (1613) 123 Who shall engraspe and 
bound the heauens body? 1667 H. More Div. Dial. v. 
xviii. (1713) 469 Without any design of engrasping great 
Mysteries. 1855 SincLeton Virg?d I. 274 Ulysses, too .. 
engrasped The holy image. 

Engrate, var. of INGRATE v. Ods. to regrate. 

Engratiate, obs. form of INGRATIATE. 

Engrave (engréi'v), v. la. pple. engraved, 
engraven, Also 6-8 ingrave; fa. ffle. 6-8 
ingraved, 6-9 ingraven. [f. En-!+Graver v. ; 
after the equivalent Fr. exgraver (13-17th c.). 
(The strong pa. pple. exgraven is now somewhat 
archaic or formal.)] 

+1. trans. To sculpture; to portray or repre- 
sent by sculpture. Ods. 

1542 UpAtt Afophth. 305b, For his surname, Cicero, he 
engraved the figure and porno of a cicer, 1545 Jove 
Exp. Dan. iii. (R.), For he shall make ye no image (saithe 
the Lorde) nor engrave non (nor set vp non). 1583 LyLy 
Ep. T. Watson in Poems (Arb.) 30 Lysippus engraued 
Vulcan with a streight legge. 1577-87 HoLinsHED Chron. 
III. 904/2 The kings my predecessors and ancestors, whose 
pictures are ingrauen and set heere in order within this hall. 
1sgx Suaks. 1 Hex. VI, u. ii. 15 Vpon the which Shall be 
“ae ie the Sacke of Orleance. 1614 Raveicu Hist. 

‘orld 1. 312 His Sepulchre remained in S, Hierome’s 
time, and over it the Sunne engraven. 

+2. a. To cut into (a hard material) (ods. rare). 
b. To mark by incisions; to inscribe with in- 
cised characters ; to ornament with incised marks, 

1590 Spenser F, Q. ut, viii. 37 That seemes rough masons 
hand with engines keene Had long while laboured it to 
engrave. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., Others 
that yeeld to iron may be Ingraven. 1859 SmiLes Self 
help v. 104 To engrave spoons and forks with crests and 
ciphers. 1832 Tennyson (none 72 Behold this fruit, whose 
gleaming rind ingrav’n ‘ For the most fair’, 

3. a. To carve (an inscription, figures, etc.) upon 
a surface; hence, to record by engraved or incised 
letters; also fig. ‘+b. To make (wounds, cavities) 
by incision. 

a. 1542 Upatt Afophth. 42 A golden = with this poysee 
written or engraved about it. /éid. We have perfecte 
knowelage of no more then is engraven in our memorie. 
leg lene Hist, Mant. 24 The first & extremest ribbes 
.. haue likewise lesser cauities or gutters, to their sub- 
staunce engraued. 1594 GREENE Selimus Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 
285 But we shall soone with our fine tempered swords, 
Engrave our pee on their burganets. 1600 HoLLanp 
Livy 127 (R.) The decemvirall lawes, they set up openly to 
be seene, engraven in brasse. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. ii. 
(1857) 6 As he had engraven upon his wife’s tomb. 1802 
Mar. Epewortu Moral T. (1816) 1. xii. 94 His coat of arms 
engraven upon the seal, 1870 Hawrnorne Lng. Note-dks, 
(1879) II. 43 A cross engraven along its whole length, 

. B. 1557 V. 7. (Genev.) Zfist. *iij, In all partes of the 
worlde, he..as it were ingraued the glorie of his might. 
1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. x11. 251 The fatall steele .. he 
waues Deepe in his guts, and wounds on wounds ingraues. 
1663 GerBier Counsel 41 The old Carver. .had ingraven his 
own Name and Portraiture..in the Shield of Pallas. 1684 
Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 63 If their Crimes had been ingraven in 
some Plate of Iron or Brass. 1738 WesLey Short Hymns 
(1762) I. 355 Ingraven with an iron pen My name upon Thy 
hands is seen. 
¢e. fig. To impress deeply ; to fix indelibly. 
a. 1509 Hawes Past, Pleas, xxx. xii, In my mynde .. I 


183 


had engraved Her goodly countenaunce. 1633 G. HerBerT 
Temple, Nature iii, O smooth my rugged heart, and there 
Engrave thy rev’rend law. 1790 Burke Fr, Rev. Wks. 
V. 56 Whose penetrating style has engraved. .in our hearts 
the words and spirit of that immortal law. 1875 OusELEY 
Mus. Form iii. 30 To engrave them on his memory. 

B- 1513 More Rich. /// (1641) 240 By love or by grudge 
ii ved and imprinted in your heart. 1612 Drayton Poly- 
ob. i. 2 And in your dreadfull verse ingrau’d the prophecies. 
@ 1619 Fotuersy A theom. 1. vii. § 2 (1622) 52 It is naturally 
ingrauen into the mindes of all men, to beleeue There is a 
God. a1649 Drumm. or Hawtu. Fas. V, Wks. (1711) 115 
A prince’s name is surer preserved, and more ingraven in 
pepe than in..rusting medals. 

. To represent (a figure, landscape, etc.) by 
lines incised upon metal plates (in mod. use, also 
by lines carved in relief on wood blocks) with the 
view of reproducing it by printing. Also adso/. 

1667 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 199 Cause the best of your 
statues ..to be.. engraven in copper. 1672 Petty Pol. 
Anat. (1691) 59 He hath caused distinct Maps to be made 
of every Barony..engraven in Copper. 1683 Ray Corr. 
(1848) 132 Whether he designs to engrave and publish any 
of thoseicons. 1710 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 20 
Dr. Sacheverell’s Picture has been ingrav’d several Times. 
1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. Advt., Prospects of the 
Church and Monuments curiouslyengraven, 1821 R. Tur- 
NER Arts & Sc. (ed. 18) 73 How do people engrave on 
wood? 1827-32 J. M. W. Turner (¢7t/e) Picturesque Views 
in England and Wales, engraved by the best artists. 

Engrave, var. INGRAVE ods., to entomb. 

Engra‘ved, ///. a. [f. ENGRAvE v. +-ED1,] 
In the senses of the verb. 

1557 N. T. (Genev.) Hed. i. 3 Which Sonne beyng the 
bryentnes of the glorie, and the ingraued forme of his per- 
sonne, 1861 ‘I’, Norton Calvin's /ust. 1. 29 b, Should very 
ynproprely yea fondly be called the engraued form of him. 
1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 439/1 One of the first books illustrated 
with designs on engraved plates was the production of 
Italian artists. 

+Engra‘vement. Os. Also 7 ingrave- 
ment. [f. ENGRAVE v. +-MENT.] The action of en- 
graving ; that which is engraved, an incised figure 
or inscription ; also 7g. an imprint, record, trace. 

1604 BrouGuton Corrupt. Handi. Relig. 99 Vhe Patriarks 
engrauement in the twelv stones. 1617 Yanua Ling. 118 
Ingrauements in cleere plates endure long. 1637 J. Rutrer 
tr. Corneille’s Cid 1. i, ‘The furrowes in his forehead seem 
to be Th’ ingravements of his noble actions. 1727 De For 
Syst. Magic 1. vi. 141 If such writing or engravement were 
made by Cham. 

+ Engra‘ven, #//. a. Obs. Also 6-7 in-. 
[str. pa. pple. of ENGRAVE v.] = ENGRAVED. 

1583 Harsnet Serm, Ezek. (1658) 130 God .. had his Son, 
the Ingraven Image of his Father. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers 
Log. 1. i.2 That ingraven gift and facultie of wit and reason. 
1593 Zell-trothes N. Y. Gift (1876) 34 But engrauen 
thoughtes will not berubbed forth. 1642 Rocrers Naaman 
535 Was not the Temple full of Lyons and Cherubims, and 
ingraven forms? 1688 R. HoLme Armoury 1. 325/2 | have 
procured. .some..since my former engraven ones. 


+ Engra‘ven, v. Ols. Also 7in-. [perh. f. 
prec.; perh. an alteration of Encrave, due to 
analogy of vbs. with prefix En-! and suffix -EN5,] 
= Enerave. /7t. and fig. 

1605 CaMDEN Rem. 27 A name which was ingravened in the 
revestiarie of the Temple. 1650 T. Bayty Herba Parietis 
59 To engraven a similitude. 1704 Gentleman Instructed 
250 (D.) Our Maker .. hasalso engraven’d the knowledge of 
Himself in our souls. 1713 Lond. Gaz. 5165/4 Lost.. Two 
silver Trencher Plates of Her Majesty’s Engraven’d A. R. 

+ Engra‘vening, 22/. sd. Obs. [f. ENGRAVEN 
v.+-ING1.] The action of the verb ENGRAVEN ; 
the characters in which anything is engraved. 

1645 RuTHERFORD Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 12 The en- 
gravening of free grace. 1655 GuRNALL Chr in Arm. 1. 129 
These places whose engravening is too curious to be long 
pored on by a weak eye. 

Engraver (engréive1), Also 6-8 ingraver. 
[f. ENGRAVE v, + -ER.] 

1. One who engraves ; one whose business it is to 
cut devices, figures, or letters in wood, metal, stone, 
etc. Now often sfec. one who engraves pictures on 
metal or wood from which prints are to be taken. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud, Fr. Acad. 11. (1594) 47 From what 
ode doe Painters and Ingrauers take the fashion and 
orme of those Images and pictures. r6rx Biste Exod, 
xxxviii, 23 Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, 
anengraver. 1666 Pepys Diary 26 Mar. To see the famous 
engraver, to get him to grave a seal for the office. 1690 
Tempe ss, Heroic Virtue Wks. 1731 I. 215 This Odin was 
..the first Engraver of the Runick Letters or Characters, 
1708 HearneE Collect. 18 Aug. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 30 Cole 
the Ingraver. @ 1779 Warburton Lett. Literary Property 
(R.), Could we easily think that a printseller or engraver 
should be able to obtain that for his baubles? 1815 Scr7bdle- 
omania 192 (note), His engraver..undertook to procure a 
similar stone. 1865 Dickens JZut. Fr. 1. vii, His eyes are 
like the over-tried eyes of an engraver, 

2. An engraving tool, a graver. vare. 

82x Craic Lect, Drawing vii. 371 The implements for 
this species of art are five or six engravers of various lengths 
and thicknesses. 

+Engra‘very. Os. Also 6-7 ingravery, 
-ie. [fas prec.: see -ERY.] The art or work of 
the engraver; concr, the productions of the en- 
graver’s art; also (rarely) an individual work of 
the kind, a piece of engraving. 

1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. (18..) II. 533. 1611 Corer., 
Manequinage, anticke ingrauerie, or caruing, in Wainscot, 
or Stone-worke. 1638 Baker tr. Badzac’s Lett. (1654) 1V. 


ENGRIEVE. 


44 He hath in charge to present you with my..small In- 
leg 1676 Phil. Trans. X1. 554 The Cabinets, copper 

uts and Engravery of Monsieur de Marolles. @ 1682 Sir 
T. Browne 7vacts 4 They wonder to find the art of in- 
gravery so ancient upon pretious stones and signets. /did. 
(1684) 210 Some handsome Engraveries and Medals. 

Engraving (engréi-vin), 747. sb. [f. ENGRAVE 
v. + -INGL] 

1. The action of the verb EnGRAvVE; the art of 
the engraver. 

160r Hottanp Pliny II. 569 There is in marble of his 
portraying and ingrauing, an old woman drunken. 1696 
Br. Patrick Comm. Ex. xxxii. (1697) 632 Interpreters take 
it [a Heb. word] here for an Instrument of Engraving. 1776 
Gipson Decl. & F. I. 397 The ceeenre of his designs and 
engraving. 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 439/2 In Germany en- 
graving made more rapid strides towards excellence. 

2. concr. That which is engraved ; an engraved 
figure or inscription. rare. Also fig. a deep im- 
pression (e.g. on the mind). 

1611 Bisty £x. xxviii. 11 The worke of an engrauer in 
stone; like the engrauings ofa signet. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. 
Man. ww. vii. 355 The Fall of Man did [not] wholly raze out 
the Engravings of those common Notions. 1738 4 Wak- 
BurToN Div. Legat. iv. v. (R.), It appears .. from the en- 
gravings on Aaron’s breast-plate, that letters were in 
common use, 1884 Cycéis¢ 13 Feb. 243/1 Beautiful specimens 
of Doulton’s ware, salad bowls and servers, with silver 
mounts and a suitable engraving. 

. An impression from an engraved plate. 

1803 Med. Frnl. X. 187 Two painted Engravings of Cow- 
Pock and other Eruptions. 1816 Sincer //ist. Cards 224 
It was not until the latter part of the sixteenth century that 
engravings on copper were used as embellishments for books 
in England. 1860 Sata Hogarth 117 A handsome cabinet 
of paintings, drawings, and engravings. 

+ Engra‘vure. Ols. rave—'. [f. ENGRAVE 7. 
+-URE.] An engraving. 

1716 My.es Davies A then. Brit. 111. go. 

+Engrea‘se, v. Ods. rare’. [f. En-1+ 
GREASE, after Fr. engrazsser.] ‘trans. To fill 
with grease; to fatten. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § JV. (1843) V. 615 They are fatted and 
engreased like swine. 

+ Engrea‘ten, v. Ods. [f. Ex-1+ Great a. + 
-EN5,] ¢rans. To make great; to increase, ag- 
grandize; also fig. to aggravate (an offence). 
Hence Engrea‘tening v0/. sé. 

c 1614 Cornwactyes in Gutch Col/, Cur. I. 156 The late 
working of these conjunctions between them, to the en- 
greatning of them, and peril of us. 1641 Relation Answ, 
Earl Strafford 4 He had engreatned and advanced the 
Kings Revenues, 1681 Nevite Plato Rediv. 186 To en- 
greaten the King against the Interest and Liberty of their 
own Country. 1684 Coxtempl. State Man. 1. x. (1699) 
238 Sin is.. much engreatned by the circumstances which 
attend it. 

+ En-gree, adv. Obs. [F. ex 
gvé.] In good part. 

14.. Pol. Rel, §& L. Poems (1866) 38 Beseching you, Dere 
heret, as Enterly as y cane, to take en gre this poure 
gifte. 1475 Partenay 3819 Off aduersite en-gree take the 
porte. , - 

Engreen: see EN- fref.! 2. 

+ Engre‘ge, v. Ols. Also 4 engredge, -gge. 
[ad. OF. engregier, f. late L. *tngraviare (cf. 
L. ingravadre ENGRIEVE), f. zz-+gravi-s heavy. 
See AGGREGE.] ¢vans. a. To make heavy or dull; 
hence, to harden (the conscience, heart). b. To 
increase the importance of; to aggravate. 

1382 Wycuir £x. vii. 14 Engregid is the herte of Pharao. 
Ibid. viii. 15 Pharao forsothe seynge that there was 3eue 
rest, his herte engredgide. 1386 Cuaucer Pers. 7. ® 905 
Alle thise thynges after pat they been grete or smale en- 
greggen [v.r. engregen] the conscience of man. —. Melibeus 
P 321 Everych of hem encreseth and engreggith other. 
2a x600 Dial. betw. Clerk & Courtier 4 (Jam.) Ye wald lufe 
it, And not engrege the case sa hie. 

Engreif(f, Sc. var. of ENGRIEVE v. Obs. 

Engrele, -greyl, var. of Encrain v. Obs. 

Engrene, -greyn, obs. forms of ENGRAIN v. 

+ Engrie‘ve, v. Ods. Forms: a. 4 engreve, 
(Sc. engrief(f), 4-5 engreive (Sc. engrew), 6 
engreue, -eeue, 6-7 engreve,6-engrieve. B. 4 
ingreve, 6 ingreeue, -ieue. [ad. OF. exgrever :— 
L. ingravare, f. in- (see IN-) + grav-7s heavy ; cf. 
En-! and GRIEVE.] 

1. ¢rans. To cause grief or pain to; to annoy, 
hurt, vex. Also adso/. To do harm, be trouble- 


some. 

1375 Barsour Bruce x1. 504 Myscheif. .that suld swa en- 
greiff, That na hys vorschip suld thame releif. /déd. x11. 
210 The scottis archeris. . Ingrevand [v.7. engrewand] thame 
so gretumly.. That thai vayndist a litell we. /ééd. xx. 200 
For it, he said, mycht nocht releif, And mycht [thaim-self] 
gretly engreif. c1400 Rom. Rose 3444 Yit no thyng en- 
greveth mee. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vu. xxxv. 190 He 

at mast engrewyt pere..Suld have be grettast Prys, wyth 

i Dat he engrewyt honestly. 1513 Doucras ners x. xiii. 
1g Bot pryncipally Mezentyus all engrevit. 1626 Bacon 
Syke (1651) § 828 Aches, and Hurts, and Cornes, do En- 
grieve, either towards Raine, or towards Frost. 

2. To make grievous ; to represent as grievous ; 


to aggravate. 

1535 CromweLt Let. Gardiner in Burnet Collect. 460 
In which part ye shall somewhat engrieve the matter. 
a1sss Br. Garpiner in Foxe A. § J. (1563) 734b, To 
engreue it to be an importable burden. 1592 Consfir. Pre- 
tended Ref. 40 Seeking also to engreeue their faultes. 


Also en gre. 


ENGRIN. 


3. To make a grievance of; to take aga ground 
of accusation or rep: 

1577-87 Houinsuep Chron, III. 1111/2 Mine owne con- 
fe is in d against me. /éid. III. 1114/1, I am 
sorie to ingreeue anie other mans doings. 

Hence Engrie-ved, //. a. 

1591 Spenser Vis. World's Van. 1 
grieved brest ‘Lo scorne all difference 

+Engri-n, v. Obs. rare—'. 
snare.] ¢rans. To ensnare. 

1340 Ayend. 154 Alle po .. bet habbeb zuo pe herten en- 
grined ine be dyeules nette. 

Engroce, obs. form of ENcRoss. 

Engroche, obs. form of ENcROACH. ; tt 

E ingroove (en-, ingriv), 7 [I 
En-!, In- + GROOVE sb. or v.] trans. a. To work 
(something) into a groove. b. To form a groove in. 

1842 Tennyson Love thou thy land xii, Let the change 
which comes be free To ingroove itself with that which flies. 
1880 Biackmore Mary Anerley II. iii. 39 A narrow glen, 
engrooved with sliding water. 

ngross (engrd«’s), v. Forms: a, 4 engrosy, 

5-7 engrose, 6-7 engrosse, 5 engroce, 5- en- 
gross. £8. 5-8 ingrosse, 5-7 ingrose, (5 in- 
groos), 5-6 ingroce. [Three distinct formations, 
from elements ultimately identical. (1) In senses 
1-2 a, AF. engrosse-r (med.L. ingrossdre) to write 
in large letters, f. gvosse = med.L. grossa large 
writing, a transcript in large letters (fem. of grosses 
large, thick: see Gross a.). (2) In senses 3-7 
f, phrase 2 gross, Fr. en gros = ‘in the lump, by 
wholesale’, AF. engrosier and Anglo-Lat. zn- 
grossare in sense 3 are found in the Statutes. (3) 
In senses 8-11 a. Fr. engrosser to make big, thick, 
or gross, corresp. to Pr. engrossar, Sp. engrosar, 
It. zxgrossare :—late L. ingrossare, f. in- (see IN-) + 
gross-us stout, thick, GRoss.] 

I. To write in large. 

1. ‘rans. To write in large letters; chiefly, and 
now almost exclusively, to write in a peculiar 
character appropriate to legal documents; ence, 
to write out or express in legal form. Also 
absol. 

a. [1304 Vear-bks. 32-33 Edw. /, 315 Quant une fin est 
engrossé em ne resortira james a bref ne a note chalanger.] 
©1430 Lypc. Story Thebes 2098 Engrosed vp. .And enrolled 
only for witnesse In 30ure regestres. 1467 in Eng. Gilds 
(1870) 379 The actes of the yelde .. shullen be enacted and 
engrossed in a quayer of parchemyn. 1557 Ord. Hospitadls 
F vij, The whole accompt .. yow shall engrosse and write 
faire into a Booke. 1591 Wells & Inv. N.C. (1860) II. 199 
For engrossing his will, twice unto paipar, after unto 
parchment. 1595 Spenser Col. Clout 636 Her name..I will 
.. in the ground..engrosse, And fill with stones. 1632 Star 
Chamb. Cases (1886) 164 Bampton and his wife brought 
their answere readie drawen to him and desired him to 
engrosse it. 1664-5 Pepys Diary 11. 337 The story of the 
several Archbishops of ego nohage? engrossed in vellum. 
1735 Pore Pro/. Sat. 18 A clerc..Who pens a Stanza when 
he should engross. 1818 Cruise Digest v. 79 The fine being 
engrossed and completed as a fine of Michaelmas term. 
1818 Scott Hrt. Midl. xxiv, The Clerk of Court, proceeded 
to engross in the record the yet unknown verdict. 1860 
Forster Gr. Remonstr. 213 That the Declaration should 
be_duly engrossed, and again brought in. .the next day. 

. 1564 Buiteyn Dial. agst. Feuer Pest (1888) 21 Wee 
haue drawen and ingrossed his bookes. 1587 Harrison 
England ui. viii. (1877) 1. 176 They will haue the bille in- 
grossed, that is to saie, put in parchment. 1600 Hottanp 
Livy 1. 147 This was openly ingrossed in publicke 
Tables. 1640-4 in Rushw. //ist, Codd. 1. Co) I. 350 The 
Charge ingrossed against Inigo Jones upon the Complaint 
of the Parishioners of St. Gregories. Marve Corr. 
Wks, 1872-5 II. vi. 25 The Bill, upon reading the amend- 
ments, was ordered to be ingrossed. 1793 Smeaton Edy- 
stone L. § 314 Instructions .. fairly ingrossed. 

+b. Hence, to put into regular shape; to ar- 
range (a matter). Ods. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1v. xxxiv, To call his lordes .. 
And his lyeges to assemble yfere Fynally to engroce this 
mattere. 1526 Ske.ton Magny/. 2467 Yet, let us se thys 
matter thorowly ingrosed. f 

+c. To name in a formal document, to write 
the hame of; hence, to include in a list. Ods. 

1 Nasue in Greene Menaphon (Arb.) Introd. 6 Mongst 
this kinde of men ..I can but ingrosse some deepe read 
Grammarians. 1605 Axsw. rag sored Discov. Romish 
Doctr. 2 Engrossing him in the alogue of censured, 
excommunicate and denounced Hereticks. 16ax QUARLES 
Argalus §& P. (1678) 36 —= their names within his 
Register. 1660 SHarrock Vegetables 2 They stand aloof 
from the knowledge of most of the particulars therein to 
be ingrost. 

+ 2. transf. To portray in la: 

1§38 LeLanp /ftin, VI. 3 An High 
no Image engrossid on it. 

II. To deal with ‘in the gross’. 

+8. To buy up wholesale; esp. to buy up the 
whole stock, or as much as possible, of (a com- 
modity) for the purpose of ‘ regrating’ or retailing 
it at a monopoly price. Ods. exc. Hist. 

@ 1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 353 No regratour ne go owt of 
town for to snqreny be chaffare. 1591 G. Frercuer Russe 
Commu. (1857) 9 Their nobilitie..use to en, it. 1622 
MisseLpen Free 7% 71 one or few .. doe ioine 
together to engrosse and buyin a Commodity. a@1640 Day 
Parl. Bees (1881) 73 Fucus, you engrost our Hony 
deaw, Bought wax and honey up by th’ great. 1647 May 


» I in my en- 
hap small. 
f. Ex-! + GRIN 


. Obs. rare—, 
‘umbe of Marble, but 


Hist. Parl. 1 ii. 17 Di 
-.and setting 20 hi 
LAM ewe Hist. (1876) 11. viit. 


set in for engrossing corn. 1872 Yeats Growth 
a 1a Cranmer —— > Froaiyar 
ilo ag = “fea Mavis a4 a 
a au t 
king. soya MARVELL ch. Transp. 1. 262 You have so in- 
and bought up all the ammunition of Railing. 


+b. with reference to land. Ods. 

1719 W. Woop Surv. Trade 172 The false .. notion .. 
induces them to En s great Tracts of Land, 1728 Swirr 
Answ, Memorial, ers .. were ready to ingross great 

tities of land. 1767 A. Younc Farm. Lett. to People 53 
laints are every where made of engrossing farms. 

4. transf. and fig. +a. To get together, collect 
from all quarters ; also to engross up (obs.). b. To 
gain or keep exclusive possession of ; to concen- 
trate (property, trade, privileges, functions) in 
one’s own possession (often with the notion of un- 
fairness or injury to others) ; to ‘ monopolize’, 

a. 1596 SHaks. 1 Hen, /V, ut. ii. 148 Percy is but my 
Factor..To engrosse vp glorious Deedes on my behalfe. 
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Kev. iv. ii. 16 An’ you en; . 
‘hem all for your owne use. 1628 Forp Lover's ‘Mel ni. i, 
You, Aretus, and I engross .. The affairs of government. 
1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. u. § 5 (1656) With my 
friend I desire not to share or participate, but to engrosse 
his sorrowes. 1694 Dr. Stare in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 
218 He..engrossed all the Pyrites or Copperas-stone to 
himself. a@1740 TicwELt To Addison on Cato (R.), Too 
long hath love engross'd Britannia's stage. - J. Moore 
View Soc. It. (1790) I. iii. 34 The men being allowed to en- 

ross as many women as they can maintain. 1832 AusTIN 
T rispr. 1879) I. vi. 243 In most actual societies the soverei 
powers are engrossed by a single member of the whole. 
a 1862 BuckLe Civiliz. (1869) III. iv. 212 Seeing a single 
person engross the conversation. 

1598 SHaks. Merry Wu. ii. 203, I haue .. ingross’d 
opportunities to meete her. 1606 — Ant. & CZ. 1. vii. 37 
Your Marriners are Militers, Reapers, people Ingrost by 
swift Impresse. 1641 Witkins Math. Magick 1. xi. (1648) 
75 Abundance of wealth .. was then ingrossed in the pos- 
session of some few particular persons. 1645 Mitton 7e- 
trach. (1851) 153 Som .. would ingrosse to themselves the 
whole trade of interpreting. 1691-8 Norris Pract, Disc. 
IV, 310 Alms-giving .. is so eminent a part of Charity that 
it has ina Manner ingross’d the Name of it. 1775 Apair 
Amer. Ind. 457 Our rulers ought not to allow... the 
Mushohge to ingross this vast forest. 1790 Beatson Nav. 
& Mil. Mem. 309 Grasping at an opportunity to ingross 
this trade to themselves. 

+c. nonce-use. To attribute exclusively Zo. 

1641 Vind. Smectymnuus § 7. 95 A power of remitting 
sinnes, which we hope he will not ingrosse to Bishops ex- 
cluding Presbyters. 

5. Of things: To require the entire use of, take 
altogether to itself; to occupy entirely, absorb. 

1602 WarneR Ald, Eng. xu. Ixxiii. (1612) 304 Skarlet 
Hats, Stoles, and Coules too much ingrost the sport. 1655 
Futter CA, Hist. vu. i. § 21 Norfolke Rebellion, as nearer 
London, engrossed all warlike provisions. 1 Beattie 
Minstr. u. (R.) Pondering on former days by guilt en- 
gross’d. 1804 CoLesrooke Husd. & Comm. Bengal (1806) 
154 From this country [India] .. Europe was antiently sup- 
plied with it [indigo] until the produce of America engrossed 
the market. 1846 M*Cuttocu Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 
I. 527 Potatoes engross the whole manure of the little 
farmers, 1874 SpurGEON Treas. Dav. Ps, Ixxx. 8 The old 
trees, which long had engrossed the soil. 

b. Of an object of thought or feeling: To draw 
entirely to itself, occupy exclusively, absorb (the 
affections, attention, mind, time, etc.). 

a. 1665 GLANvILL Sceps. Sct. viii. 46 Philosophy would 
not have engrossed our pen. 1732 Pore £ss. Man. 119 
If man alone engross not Heaven's high care. a | Cot- 
tins Poems (1796) 112 They, whose sight such dreary 
dreams engross. = Funius Lett. xi. 44 A measure so 
singularly daring that it..engrosses all our resentment. 

x Cowrer Let. 2 Apr., My morning is engrossed by 
the garden. 1820 Hazwitr Lect. Dram. Lit. 4 Letting 
the generation we live in engross nearly all our admiration. 
1868 E, Eowarps Raleigh I. iii. 45 The captain obtai 
his audience, and engrossed the watchfulness of the re- 
tainers. 

. 1665 Boyte Occas. Ref. 1. i. (1675) 147 Without leav- 
ing behind them any thing that can.. entertain our Sight 
in the very place, where y Barve they Ingross’d it. 1742 
Ricnarpson Pamela 1V, 148 This will so ingross the dear 
Lady’s Pen, 4 Watson Philip 17 (1793) I. 1x, 1. 368 
The attention ¢ French king was ingrossed, 


6. To absorb or engage the whole attention or 
all the faculties of. 
1709 Sterte Zatler No. 50. P x Orlando belli: 


A hi w 


ENGROSSING. 


III. To render gross, dense, or bulky. 
Fides To render (fluids) gross or dense; to con- 
lense (vapours). Also zz¢r. for reft. " 
Se ee 
> ingroced. 


vapours which .. are 
*hiorav. i. xl. 49 The liuer. .not 
to disgest them [crude h ] ot i 
maligne. 1586 Cocan Haven Health cxli. (1636) 271 Va- 
fesesend fumes. . being ingrossed by coldnesse hetenian, 
to the lower parts. 1590 Spenser F. Q. u. vi. 46 The 
waves thereof..were Engrost with mud. 

9. +a. To make (the body) gross or fat; to 
fatten (obs.). b. To make (the mind) gross or 
dull (avch.) ; formerly also intr. for reff. 

“= Harrison England u. vi. (1877) 1. 142 They [the 
ch] .. so ingrosse their bodies. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, 
m. vii. 76. 1626 T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 120 It hap- 
peneth to soules, which are great louers of sensuall plea- 
sures, to , thicken th if @1628 F. Grevitte 
Humane Learn. \iii, Poems (1633) 33 Engrosse the minde. 
1826 E. Irvine Babylon II. v1. 89 They were in the last 
stage of the heart’s ossification, Geair tacetiles ween 
imbruted. 

+10. trans. To make thick or bulky ; to increase 
in size. Ods. 

¢x611 Carman Jdiad xvi. 640 Fire, invading city roofs, 
is suddenly engrost made a wondrous mighty flame. 
1624 Wotton Archit, (1672) 27 Though Pillars ty chan- 
nelling, be seemingly ingrossed to our & ht. 1663 Gersier 
Counsel 47 Materials of weight, as er, wherewith an 
unconscionable Plummer can ingrosse his Bill. 

+ll. M7. [Cf. It. ingrossare in same senses.] 
To increase the numerical strength of (an army) ; 
also, to draw up (a battalion) in a compact body. 

1526 St. Papers, Hen. VIII, V1. 376 Our armye was in- 

yd by the newe comyng of thies lanceknightes, 1581 

TywarD Mart. Discif. 1. 26 The companies being thus 
doubled & the battailes ingrosed .. euerie ensigne maie 
seeke out his owne band. /éid. 1. 27 Then doubling y* ranks 
of these hargubuseirs..they must bee ingrossed. 1650 
Howe t Girafi's Rev. Naples 53 They went on in in; 
ing the militia. 1654 Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio’s Warrs 
Flanders 202 His Camp was not then very great, but he 
hoped to have it speedily ingrost by some Germans. 

Engrossed (engrdwst), p/. a. [f. EnGRoss v. 
+-ED1,] In various senses of the vb.: eg. a. 
Written out large, written in a legal hand; ex- 
pressed or incorporated in a legal document. 
+b. Collected from various quarters, amassed in 
large quantity (ods.). +¢. Thickened, swollen (ods.), 

a. 4 in Rushw. Hist. Cold. ut. (1692) I. The 
Ingr Articles were again tly read in the Son 
1748 J. Mason Elocut. 14 Such a Monotony as Attorney’s 

lerks read in when they examine an en Deed. 

b. 599 Marston Sco. Villanie 11. 227 Nere his tongue 
shall lie Till his ingrossed iests are all drawne dry. 

c. 1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 20 Where the body of 
the Vertebre should be, that is to say, the engrossed part. 
¢1611 Cuarman //iad xi, 613 When the engrossed waves 
Boil into foam. 

Hence Engro‘ssedly adv., in an engrossed man- 
ner; with absorbed attention. 

X Dicxens Mut. Fr. 1. v, Bella’s e more 
Pes Bo ly over her book. : oe Gree 

(engrdwsax), vd/. sb, [f. ENGRoSS 
v.+-ER.] One who engrosses, 

+1. One who buys in large quantities, esp. with 
the view of being able to secure a merge 
Also, one who buys up large quantities of land, 
or obtains | pegperes of many tenements, to the 
detriment of his neighbours. Oéds. exc. Hist. 

¢ 1460 Fortescur Ads. & Lim. Mon. (1875) 135 The said 

ers and engrossers of offices. 1549 Latimer 1s¢ 
b>, Edw, VI (Arb,) 33 Ingrossers of tenamentes and 
throughe whose couetousnes, 


bh, 


vil decaye 

downe. 1636 Heatey Life Epictetus’, That is, to the un- 
learned e of ¥ ‘RnvYON Good Housew. xix. 
171 The fest I thereof [Canary] were 
Apothecaries. 1778 R. H. Lee in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. 

(1853) II. 216 An artificial ; in the 
lenty, by an infamous set of Burke 
hegort Affairs India Wks. XI. 144) of opium, 
. One who ‘ monopolizes’ or obtains exclusive 


id an ingrosser 
1729 Gay Polly 1. Wks. (3792) 198, I am too no 
power. 1782 V. Knox Ess. x) The en- 

of that part of the creation which and nature 

ve constituted free, 1816 Scorr B/. Dwar/v, You should, 


favour. 


..not to be engross’d b lar Affecti 
iene Som Wks. (1874) Th 135 The tages which 
self-love engromes us, 1814 Jane Austen Lady Susan xx. 
(3879) 247 The folly of the young man and the confusion of 
Frederica entirely —aee him, ar Kane Arct. Expl. 
II. xxii. 219 Marsu: and Meteh been engrossed with 
their bird-catching. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton viii. 118 
He was entirely engrossed in attending to her wants. 

7. In certain strained fig. uses, app. derived 
from 3: ta. To include altogether (ods. rare—'; 
su a by the rime). +b. In 17th c.: To get 
hol of (an idea) ; to conceive (a sentiment) (oés.). 


in cease to be such an engrosser, 
2. One who copies (a document) in large fair 
character, or in legal style; + an —— clerk. 
1607 Dexxer Ants. Conjur. (1842) 20 Every et day 
you may take him in Cheap-side, poorely attyrde like an 


“Engrossing ( busin), vdl. sdb. [f. ENaross 
engrdu’sin), vd. sb. 

v. + -ING,! e sales of the verb Encross. 

1. The action of bu (any article) in large 
uantities with the view of obtaining a monopoly ; 


the gee of buying ¥ ag ge ne 
of teaseyn. sony Clanxanom Hist, Robs epee kei. ate 


¢ Towneley Myst. 170 Almyghty God in p » «le Hist. IV. 2 
thre “Alle in pal pa ay 5 = t. 1632 Hey. | The ingrossing Gunpowder, and none to oy | 
woop /ron Age u. v. Wks. 1874 IIT. 429 Proiects..for | Without ce. 1683 Burner tr. Mf s Utehia, 95 - 
which I haue ingrost a mortall enuy here. 1633 Forp | Strain those engrossings of the og eect 
Broken H. i. iii, Thou hast there engross’d Some rarity of | 48, Monopolies.” wre Soe re NV. 1. mn, ii, 386 This 


es 


GROSS Vv, 
ANIEL Civ, Wares v. 


§:) : 
Griev’d at such in- 


ENGROSSING. 


ing of Command. 1625 Bacon Zss. Envy (Arb.) 514 

n ynnecessary, and Ambitious Ingrossing of Businesse, 

Cuitp Disc. Trade 39 The abatement of interest tends 
to the engrossing of trade into a few rich mens hands. 

2. The action of writing out a document in a 
fair or legal character. Also attrib. 

1483 Act 1 Rich. IIT, c. 7, § 1 After the engrossing of 
every Fine .. the same Fine shall be openly and solemnly 
read. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. Pref. 5 The gather- 
ing of these sermons and the ingrosing of them faire again 
afterwarde. 1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 183 It..passes 
through the same forms as in the other house (except en- 

ing, which is already done). 1837 LockHart Scott 
(1839) 196 A sort of flourish .. adopted in engrossing as a 
safeguard against the intrusion of a forged line. 1875 
Srusss Const. Hist. III. xviii. 262 The enrolment and en- 
grossing of the acts of parliament. 

attrib, 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 26. P 4 All Ingrossin 
Work. .is risen 3s. in the Pound for want of Hands. Mod. 
It was written in a sort of engrossing hand. 

Engrossing (engrou'sin), Zf/. a. [f. as prec. 
+ -InG.2] That engrosses. 

1. +a. That claims a large share; presumptuous, 
pretentious (obs. rare). 

a1797 H. Watrrote Mem. Geo. ITT (1845) I. vi. 84 A term 
so engrossing gave offence and handle to ridicule. 

b. That fully occupies or absorbs the attention, 
faculties, etc. 

1820 Scorr A dot i, The engrossing nature of his occupa- 
tion, 1825 Lyrron /adkland 20, I had one deep, engross- 
ing, yearning desire. 1875 Hers Zss., Aids Contentm. 12 

alternation of the engrossing pursuit. 

+ 2. That makes gross or brutish. Ods. rare. 

a@1626 Br. ANpREWES Serm. vi. Repentance & Fast. 147 
The Devil’s only way, to rid Hypocrisie, by engrossing 
Epicurisme. . 

Hence Engro’ssingly adv., in an engrossing 
manner. Engro’ssingness, the quality of being 
engrossing. 

1835 New Monthly Mag. XLIV. 6, 1 intend to surprise 
the world whenever politics .. draw less engrossingly on its 
attention. 1857 Fraser's Mag. LVI. 672 India has of late 
..engrossingly occupied the English mind. 1848 Jazz's 
Mag. XV. 682 They temper in his mind the engrossingness 


of present things. . 

Engrossment (engrdu'smént). [f. EnGRoss 
v.+-MENT.] The action of engrossing ; the state 
of being engrossed. 

1. The action of buying up in large quantities, 
of collecting greedily from all quarters: concr. 
that which is so bought up or collected. 

1597 SHaks. 2 Hex. JV. wv. v. 80 This bitter taste yeelds 
his engrc ts, To the ending Father. 1598 FLorto, 
Monopolo, an engrossement of any merchandize into one 
mans handes. 1648 Regall Afol. 31 Ingrossement of all 
Places and Offices of profit into Members hands, 1818 Jas. 
Mut Brit. India 11. v. v. 530 xote, He kept the grain on 
board the ships, to make his profit out of its engrossment. 
1885 L’pool Daily Post 4 Feb. 4/7 The gradual engross- 
ment of the ancient common lan Ss. 

2. The state or fact of being engrossed or ab- 
sorbed in occupations, thoughts, etc. 

1837 Howitt Rur. Life iv. ii. (1862) 332 Graceful and 
happy in the engrossment of her simple duties, 185: Cairns 
Mem. $. Clark 29 Amidst the engrossment of other studies. 
1874 CarPENTER Ment. Phys. u. xv. (1879) 608 The entire 
engrossment of the mind with whatever may be for a time 
the object of its attention. _ ; zi 

8. The action of writing out in a fair or legal 
character. Also concr. what is thus written; a 
record ; fig. in quot. 

1526 Ord. R. Househ. Hen. VIII, 140 The Clerkes of the 
Green _cloath or one of them, be dayly attendant in the 
compting-house for the engrossement of daily bookes of the 

ences of the day before. 1638 Jackson Creed 1x. xii. 
Wis. VIII. 259 The true belief or persuasion of our interest 
in this promise is but the ingrossment of our former appre- 
hension in our hearts. @1674 CLarenpon Life II. 495 
(T.) Which clause being afterwards added to the engross- 
ment it [the bill] was again thus reformed. 1710 H. Beprorp 
Vind. Ch. Eng. 123 Was not this Ingrossment subsequent 
to that Paper? 1837 Sir F. Patcrave Merch. & Fr. i. 
(1844) 17 The shred or remnant .. of the membrane pre- 
viously used for the engrossment of some charter, 
Enguard: see En- pref! 3. 

Engulf, i (engulf), v. Also 6-9 en-, 
ingulph. [f. En-1 + Guir; cf. Fr. engouffrer, 
earlier engoulfer (which may be the source).] 

1. trans. To swallow up in a gulf, abyss, or 
whirlpool ; to plunge into a gulf; to plunge deeply 
and inextricably into a surrounding medium. Also 
refl. and intr. for refi. 

@. 1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 261 They were en- 
— by chance in the great sea. 1580 Sipney Ps. clxii. 
(R.) In destruction’s river Engulph and swallow those Whose 
hate, etc. 1600 Farrrax Fasso xv. xxiv. 271 Now deepe 
engulphed in the mightie flood They saw not Gades. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. II. 425 A city .. having formerly been 
engulphed by an earthquake, 1831 Cartyte in Froude 
Life i. (1882) 11. 15x Not upon the quicksand, where resting 
will but engulph you deeper. 1869 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. 
(1876) III. xii. 235 In that d ‘ous passag 1 
traveller might easily be engulfed. 

. ¢€1630 Drumm. or Hawrtn. Poems Wks. 34/1 Her 
{Earth’s] surface shakes. . Towns them ingulf.. Now nought 
remaineth but a Waste of Sand. axzi1xr Ken Poet. Whs. 
(1721) IV. 29 They expire, Ingulfing in infernal Fire. 1735 
Somervitte Chase i. 135 Another in the treach’rous Bog 
Lies flound’ring, half ingulph’d. 1816 SHELLEY A/Zasfor 

5 A cavern there .. Ingulphed the rushing sea. 1855 H. 

EED Lect. Eng, Lit, x. 323 Shelley was overtaken by a 
Von, III. 


ie Car 


185 


Mediterranean thunder-storm, and ingulfed in the deep 
waters, 

b. refl. and pass. Of a river: To discharge 
itself into, be lost in, the sea; also, to disappear 
underground. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 43 Made by the River Indus 
which their ingulfes herselfe into the Indian Seas. 1667 
Mitton P. L. 1v. 225 A River.. through the shaggie hill 
Pass’d underneath ingulft. 1772 Mason Eng. Garden u. 
(R.), That hallow’d spring; thence, in the porous earth 
Long while ingulph’d. 1821 Brypces Lett, Continent 12 
[The Rhone] makes itself a passage among the rocks at the 
extremity of Mount Jura, ingulphs itself for some time, etc. 

2. transf. (chiefly humorous.) To swallow up 
like an abyss ; to bury completely. 

1829 Gen. P. THompson Z-rerc. (1842) I. 124 The autum- 
nal glutton who engulphs their [oysters’] gentle substances 
within his own. 1863 Fr, Kemsre Resid. Georgia 58 
Shirt gills which absolutely ingulfed his black visage. 1879 
Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 1. 182/2 To procure these insignifi- 
cant morsels, he engulf$ a whole shoal of them at once in his 
— jaws, 

» fig. 

a. 1603 Haywarb Answ. Doleman viii, (T.) Upon every 
giddy and brainless warrant to engulph ourselves. 1 
Woovueap St. Teresa u. 264 That holy Soul went wholly 
immersed and engulfed in God. 1877 Moztey Univ. Seri. 
iii. 62 The power which mere sensual pleasure has of 
engulphing us in the vulgar sensation of life. 

- 1597 Mortey /xtrod, Mus. Pref., To leaue that un- 
brought to an end, in the which I was so farre ingulfed. 
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 57 Into what importable head- 
tearings and heart-searchings you will be ingulfed. 17 
Cowrer ask 11.816 London ingulphs them all. The shark 
is there And the shark’s prey. 1864 LowELt Fireside Trav. 
net Death, thou ever roaming shark, Ingulf me in eternal 

ark! 

+ II. 4. To cut into gulfs or bays. Ods. rare. 

1632 Lirucow Trav. x. 496 Because of the Sea ingulfing 
the Land, and cutting it in so many Angles. 

En ed. (eng lft), Af/. a. [f ENGunr v. + 
-EDL.J In senses of the verb. 

1590 SPENSER /. Q. 1. ii, 32 Like an huge Aetn’ of deepe 
engulfed gryefe, Sorrow is heaped in thy hollow chest. 
1636 Heatey Cedes 135 Her owne receipt..purgeth out all 
their ingulphed evils, as by vomit. 1728 THomson Spring 
22 The bittern knows his time, with bill ingulpht To shake 
the sounding marsh. 1860 ‘T'yNDALL Glac. u. § 8. 267 We 
should find the engulfed rocks in the body of the glacier. 

Engulfing (engz'lfin), vd. sb. [f. ENGULF v. 
+-1nG1.] The action of the verb Encurr. 

1658 Whole Duty Man ii. § 4 (1684) 87 It is .. the ingulf. 
ing him..in that most tormenting passion of jealousie. 
ax7ix Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 27 Love.. 
Strove her ingulfing to prolong. 1875 WuitNey Life Lang. 
x. 195 The engulfing or burying of extant species. 

Engwlfing, //. . _[f. as prec. + -ING2.] 

@1777 FawxesEulogy I, Newton (R.), Waves .. bare the 
dangers of th’ engulphing sand. 1852 D. Moir Zhomson’s 
Birth-pl. iv. Wks. I. 213 The rapturous lark .. less and 
less visible. .’mid heaven’s engulfing blue. 1871 TyLor Prinz. 
Cult. I. 304 The list of myths of engulphing monsters. 

Engulfment (engzlfmént). [f. as prec. + 
-MENT.] The action of engulfing; the process of 
being engulfed. Also fig. 

1822 DE Quincey Confess. Wks. V. 69 And the most 
frightful abysses, up to the very last menace of engulfment. 
1833 Lyety Prixc. Geol. (1875) II. 1. xxvi. 3 The cone 
[of Etna]..has more than once been destroyed either by ex- 
plosion or engulphment. 1832 Cartyce in /raser’s Mag. 
V. 399 What shape soever, bloody or bloodless, the descent 
and engulfment assume. 1860 TYNDALL Glac. u. § 26. 367 
The successive engulfments and disgorgings of the blocks 
- have broken up the moraines. 

Engyre: see IncyrE. 

Engyscope (e‘ndgiskdup), Also 9 (incor- 
rectly) engiscope. [f. Gr. éyyt-s near at hand + 
-oxomos looker; see -SCOPE.] 

+a. In 17th and 18th c.: = MIcroscoPE (o00s.). 
b. Subsequently variously employed in narrower 
sense. Goring (1830) applied it to denote a com- 
pound microscope of any kind; but as the term 
was most frequently used by him in his description 
of the Amician and similar reflecting microscopes, 
it is now commonly understood as a distinctive 
name of that class of instruments. 

1684-5 BoyLe Min. Waters 73 With differing Engyscopes, 
and in differing Lights. 1692 Cotes, Exgyscope, an Instru- 
ment to discern the proportion of the smallest things. 1697 
Evetyn Numism. tv. 167 Engyscops, Microscops, and 
other Optick Glasses, 1731 Baixey vol. II, Zugyscope..the 
same as a microscope 1832 Oftic Justr. (Usef. Knowl. 
Soc.) xiv. § 92. 48 The section of this Engiscope. 1837 
Gortnc & PritcHarp Microgr. 70 The ocular end of the 
engiscope. 

Engyve: see En- fe Ia. 

Enhabil, -bile, -ble, etc., obs. ff. ENABLE, etc. 

Enhabill, obs. form of INHABILE, unqualified. 

+ Enharbit, v. Obs. rave—. [f. En-1 + Harr 
dress.] ¢vans. To clothe; in quot. ref. 

c1485 Digby Myst. 11, 683, I wol en-abyte me with hume- 


lyte. 
"; Emharbit, v. Obs. rare—!, In 6 pa. pple. 
enhabyte. [bad form of Inursit.] To forbid. 
1s02 Ord. Crysten Men, u. xv. 122 All rauayne & couet- 
ousness is enhabyte. 
Enhabit, -ant, obs. forms of INHABIT, -ANT. 
+ Enha’ch, v. Ods. vare—'. [a. Fr. enhacher 
to fit into, be attached.] ¢vans. To fit, inlay, adorn. 


ENHANCE. 


1523 SKELTON Garl. Laurel 40, I saw a pavylyon..En- 
hachyde with perle and stones preciously, 

Enhale, obs. form of INHALE. 

Enhalo (enhé‘‘lo), v. [f. Ex-1+ Haxo.] trans. 
To surround with, or as with, a halo; to throw 
ahalo round. Also fig. 

1842 LoweLt Yorlorn Poet. Wks. (1879) 16/r Enhaloed 
bya mild, warm glow. 1860 Lp. Lytton Lucile u. 1v. §10 
That dim circlet of light Which enhaloes the moon. 1864 
Lowe. Fireside Trav. 41 Such admiring interest as that 
with which we enhaloed some larger boy. 

+ Enha'lse, v. Ods. [f. En-1+Hatse v. in 
same sense.] ¢vans. To salute, greet. 

+559 Batpwin in Myrr. Mag. (1563) M iija, The other me 
enhalse With welcum coosyn. 

Enhamper: see Evy- fref.! 3. 

Enhance (enharns), v. Forms: a. 4-7 en- 
haunce, 4-8 enhaunse, enhanse, (4 enhawse, 
enhawnse, 5 henhawnes, 7 enhaunch), 5- en- 
hance. £8. 5-6 inhaunse, 6-8 inhaunce, in- 
hanse, inhance. [a. AF. exhaunce-r, prob. a 
mere corruption of OF. exhaucer = It. znnalzare :— 
late L. *2valtddre, f. in- (see IN-) + alt-us high. 
Cf. ENHAULSE. 

Formally, the AF. exhauncer might correspond to Pr. 
enansar to advance, enhance, repr. late L. type *inantiare, 
f. phrase zz ante before (cf. ADVANCE v.); but this word is 
not known to have existed in OF.] 

+1. crans. To lift, raise, set up; also, to raise 
the level of (ground). Ods. 

By lawyers of 17th c. used sfec. in the sense ‘to raise (a 
weir in ariver) to an (excessive) height’, after AF. exhancer 
in certain statutes. See ENHANCER, ENHANCING v0Z. sd. 

1388 Wycur Ps. Ixxiv. 5 Nyle 3e enhaunce the horn. 
¢ 1391 Cuaucer Astrol. u. § 26 Wher as the pol is enhawsed 
yp on the orisonte. c 1400 Maunpev. viii. (1839) 95 Thei [the 
Walles] han ben so filled agen, & the ground enhaunced. 
a 1400-50 Alexander 5068, I, Alexander pe athill .. pine 
pilars en-haunsid. ¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. xv. 31 Cruelly 
he gan enhaunce his honde With his sweorde to yeue her 
awounde. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt, 206 It was a stone..the 
whyche was enhaunced vpryght. 1548 Upatt, etc. Eraswz. 
Par. Fohn xvi. 100 b, The cause why .. was to enhaunce 
you to heauen. 1583 Stanynurst ve/s un, (Arb.) 78 But 
father Anchises his palms from strond plat inhauncing. 1590 
Spenser /, Q. 1. i. 17 Who, nought agast, his mightie hand 
enhaunst. 16.. tr. Act 1 Hen, /V, xii, Vhem [Weares] that 
they finde too much enhanced or straited [orig. trop en- 
hancez ou estretiez] to correct, pull downe, and amend. 

Her, To put (a bend, etc.) in a higher posi- 
tion in the field. 

1864 Boutety Heraldry Hist. §& Pop. xxi. 359 Three bend- 
lets enhanced arg. ; 

te. transf. To ‘lift up’ (the voice, a prayer). 

1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 33/2 Thirdly it [the church] is 
halowed by cause that the orysons be enhaunsed there. 
Ibid. 441/2 The preest enhauncyng hys voys sayth, etc. 

“] d. ? Misused for: To surpass in height. 

1632 Lirucow 7Zrav. v. 191 Their circle-spred tops, do 
kisse or enhance the lower clouds. ; 

+2. In various /g. or immaterial senses, with 
personal obj.: a. To exalt in dignity, rank, esti- 
mation, or wealth. b. To elevate spiritually or 
morally. ¢. To lift up with pride; 7e//. to exalt 
oneself, assume superiority. d. To praise, extol. 

a. ©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. iv. iii, Oonly bounte and 
prowesse may enhawnse euery man ouer oper men. 1393 
Lanai. P. Pd. C, xii. 58 So is pruyde en-hansed In religion 
and al be reame, among ryche and poure. 1447 BokENHAM 
Seyntys (1835) 112 To wurshyp I wyl enhaunsen the. 1489 
Caxton Faytes of A. 1. xv. 276 Fortune enhaunceth 
men att her owne plaisire. 1595 SPENSER Col, Clout. 359 
The Shepheard of the Ocean Unto that Goddesse grace me 
first enhanced. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. 29 He en- 
haunsed men of low birth to great honours. @ 1649 Drumm. 
or Hawtu. Wks. 40 To inhaunce with favours this thy 
reign. 

b.  ¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 42 pis hab maad 30u pore 
in pingis & enhaunsed 30u in vertues. a1450 Kut. de la 
Tour (1868) 7 Praiers to God makithe man and woman to 
be enhaunsed. 1526 Pilger. Perf. 12 This gyfte .. enhaun- 
ceth or lyfteth vp the mynde of man to goostlynes and 
heuenly meditacyons. 

Cc. ¢1380 Wyciir Sel. Wks. III. 396 Freris falsely en- 
hansen homself abofe Crist and his apostils. ¢1386 CHAUCER 
Pers. T. ® 540 Flaterie makith a man to enhaunsen his hert 
and his countenaunce. ¢ 1449 Pecock Rep~ 1. xii. 63 That 
noon of 30u .. enhaunce 30u silf aboue alle othere Cristen. 
1g90 SPENSER F. Q. 1. v. 47 There also was king Creesus, 
that enhaunst His hart too high. 1642 Rocers Naaman 
170 So content to enlarge Grace, that therewith she will 
enhaunse her selfe. Teo 

a. a1400-s0 Alexander 2498 Pe mare I spek him dispite 
..Pe hizere I here him enhansed. 1485 Caxton Paris § V. 
71 That the name of our lord Ihesu cryst were more saynte- 
fyed and enhaunced. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 289 
Erthe mote blesse the lorde .. and enhaunce hym on wyth- 
outenende. 1627 Drayton Nymphidia, Those [poets] more 
ancient do inhance Alcides in his fury. : 5 

8. To raise in degree, heighten, intensify (quali- 


ties, states, powers, etc.). 

1589 Mirr. Mag., Dk. Si by ee v. 7 My lucky spede mine 
honor did enhaunce. 1583 Gotpinc Calvix on Deut. xxxv. 
209 Such a shameful thanklesnesse as inhaunceth their 
rebelliousnesse a hundredfold. 169x Ray Creation ii. 450 
That which enhanses this Injury, is that it is irreparable. 
178 Gipson Decl. § F. II. xxxi. 201 These delights were 
enhanced by the Preven? Sard past hardships. 1853 C. Brontit 
Villette xxi. (1876) 223 This dusky wrapper..enhancing by 
contrast the fairness of her skin. 1872 Yeats Hist. Comm. 
94 Strawberries, bilberries, and currants, enhance their 
flavour in this zone to an excellence unknown in England. 

24 


ENHANCED. 


Burton Hist. Scot, V1. \xxi. 245 They had what greatl: 
pn oe their effective dospea tone teas heh Id pieces. 4 
b. To magnify cepa make to appear 
greater; to heighten, 
mannan ry is more wade five 
Than to enhaunce 1529 More Suppl. Sou 


pa) kiddels. ame 7 yp an drmnpe 


15/1 Enhaun on aol goodnes of Christs p 
268 Gate Crt. oF Costties Ye I. Introd. 5 How much wil their 


Divine Majestie . . be enhansed thereby? 1738 Grover 
pg oe Ml. 275 Beyond the reach of iy Saas. 
2ir € 


788 Burke Sf. agst. W. Hastings Wks. 1 
ko in the tivel aforesaid, enhance his Fine ag 1832 G. 
Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 438 The satirist wished to 
enhance the infirmity of Philip. 

4. To raise (prices, value) ; to increase (charges, 


etc.). 

1542-3 Act 34 § 35, Hen, VIII, c. 7 To mii geet a 
haunce the price o! Sh pate «as... occasion 
1587 Harrison Engi IL V. (1877) 1. 135 Their freen 
brought unto pouertie ed their rents inhanced. 1616 R. c 
Times’ Whis. 1. 694 Enhaunce The faire revennewes of 
the English crowne. 1632 
25 Why could not hungery Esau strive t’ enhaunce His 
price a little? a@1649 Drumm. oF HawTH. Irene Wks. 
173 Taxes and ¢ daily Eve._yn 
Numism. i. 6 The Value of the Denarius was inhaunced 
fr, . ten Asses to that of Sixteen. 1712 Hearne Co/l. 
oS 0 The Price should be rather inhanc’d than lessen’d. 

ocers Agric. § Pr. I. xx. 511 The price was con- 
1966 ‘Koc enhanced by the charge of conveyance. 
+b. intr. Of prices: To rise. Ods. 

1494 Fapyan Chron. vu. 463 Corne the yere folowynge was 
scant, whereof the pryce this yere began to enhaunce. 167% 
F. Puivipes Reg. Necesr. 235 Upcs complaint of enhancing. 

5. a. To raise or increase 7 price, value, im- 
portance, attractiveness, etc. +b. F ormerly used 
simply, =‘to increase in price or value’; esp. to 
raise the intrinsic value of (coin), Also (rarely) = 
‘to increase in attractiveness,’ to beautify, improve. 

1526 WrioTHESLEY Chrom, (ed. 1875) I. 15 This yeare, in 
November, the Kinge enhaunsed his coyne. 1542 Brinklow 
Compl. ii. A vij, They —_ inhaunsed theyr landes, nor 
toke so cruell fynes. 1598 Stow Surv. vii. (1603) 57 The 
Angell was enhaunced to vii.s. vid. 1647 Warp Simp. 
Cobler 76, 1 honour them .. more, that study wisely and 
soberly to inhance their native language. 165: Hopes Le- 
viath. . xxiv. 130 Base Mony, may easily be enhansed, = 
abased. 1699 AFER Voyage (1729) 263 Thereby.. 
enhaunce a part of the mines. ocd Pore /liad xu. 376 Our 
feasts enhanced with music’s sprightly sound. 1836 Hor. 
Smitn 71x Trump. (1876) 250 The Poet enhances By beauti- 
ful fancies The strain. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter 44 The 
book has been .. greatly enhanced in value by the profuse 
edging of manuscript notes. 


Enhanced (enhanst), 4f/. a. [f. ENHANCE v, 
+-ED1,] In various senses of the verb. 

1536 Bettenven Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 10 Nothir the feir 
of deith, nor present calamite, micht draw thaim fra thair 
inhansit sinne. 1594 Greene Selimus Wks. 1881- -3 XIV. 
232 To..save himselfe from his enhanced hand. 1796 Burke 
Wks. VIII. 566 Giving the enhanced price to that war. 1872 
Yeats Growth Comm. 379 Buying up the stock of any 
commodity to sell it again at an enhanced price. 

Enhancement (enha‘nsmént). [f. ENHANCE 
v.+-MENT.] The action or process of enhancing ; 
the fact of being enhanced. (See senses of the vb.) 

1877 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 388 Wowt 
any further inhansemt or raysing of rents. 1610 HeaLey 
St. Aug. Citie of God 261 If Venus deserved her enhanse- 
ment..why then is Minerva famous? 1622 MatyNnes Axc. 
Law-Merch. 323 The said Lyon Doller (albeit decreed after 
the former enhancement) is still valued at fortie stiuers. 1674 
Govt. Tongue (T.), Jocular slanders have, from the slight- 
ness of the temptation, an enhancement of guilt. 1710 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 4686/3 To. .enquire of the Reason of the Dearness 
and Inhauncement of the Price of such Book. 1787 BenTHam 
Def. Usury, A few per cent. enhancement upon the price of 
goods is a matter that may easily enough pass unheeded. 
1875 Grapstone Glean. VI. xxxvi. 128 Augmentation of 
ritual. .without any corresponding enhancement of devotion. 

attrib, 1883 19th Cent. Sept. 430 After having obtained 
an enhancement decree. 


Enhancer (enha'nsaz). [f. ENHANCE 2. + -ER.1] 


1. gen. One who, or that which, enhances. 

ss ged Wycur Exod, xxii. 1 5 And Moises bildide an auter 
and clepide the name thereof The Lord myn enhaunsere. 
1568 Like Will to Like in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 316 Thou art 
~ enhancer of my renown, 1611 Rick Honest. Age (x844) 

Pride is the inhaunser of all our miseries. 1832 Lytro 

ugene A. iv. 96 Errors of life as well as foibles of prchishaed 
ters are often the real enhancers of celebrity. 

2. spec. a. One who sets up or raises a weir to 
an excessive height. (Cf. quot. 1622 s.v. En- 
HANCING v6/, sd.) 

1622 Catuis Stat. Sewers (1647) 205 It gives the like penalty 
against him which shall relevy the annoyance, as against 
the inhauncer. 

b. One who raises or seeks to raise prices, 

+ Formerly also adsol. (cf. engrosser, forestaller). 
1549 Latimer Serm. bef. Edw, VI (Arb,) 111 Money 
tye ters of them selues. 1577 

B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hasb. (1586) 47 In no wise to be a 
raiser or enhaunser of rentes. 1631 Star Chaméd. Cases 
(1886) 46 Yet he was ——— an inhauncer for but advis- 
ing the same. @1680 Butter Rem. (1759) I. 15st The Jew 
Forestaller and Enhancer To him for ail th eir Crimes did 


uARLES Div. Fancies 1. \iii. 


answer, 
Enhan (enhansin), vé/. sb, _[f. ENHANCE 
v. + -ING1,] e action of the verb ENHANCE. 


1490 Caxton Eneydos xxviii. 109 Dydo hath defyled vy- 
heveny the good name and the pe. ad of the Mil 
1495 Will Spilman (Somerset Ho.), The The b viding & - 


hawnesyng of the Rooffe. 1534 More On the Pousine 


a. Obs. [f. as prec. + 
2 sag Rte 


Si ha 
ulg. = bes cleped vnta3t. 1590 
Greene Ori. Fur, (1861) 90 


1876 J. C. Morison in Macm. Me 
‘modulation and enharmonic change 


~ XXXIV. 93 
of a totally different cast of genius. .Surprise the ear. 


3. i-sb. 
re (6; #0, PPD} fs called Music Aug ge eo 


nex bore it alphabetically. 

B. sd. pi. Enbartudele weal. =t 

Hotianp Plutarch's Mor. 12 us see what 
ecelics Sanee ine ail oe of Echarmoniques. 
1865 Pall Mall G. 24 Nov. 10 seem sanguine that 
Congregations can be got to sing anything—close enhar- 


Cut ‘twixt the Tartars and the Russians. 1606 Hieron 


i A ic 
Enhang : see EN- pref.1 3. 

+ Enha’ ,v. Obs. [f. Ex-l + Happy.] trans. 
To make (a person) happy; to make (an enter- 
prise) prosperous. 

1626 Sir S. D’Ewes Fournal (3783) a4 Do but enhappie 
him that sent it [a carcanet] in the ordinarie vse of it. ¥ 
Symonps Serm. bef. Ho. Comm. ? 3 What better then .. to 
see our Kingdom enhappied? City Alarum 12 The 
pretious Elixar, which we must seeke out to enhappie this 
war. 1742 Owen Nat. Hist, Serpents 83 That Tree, so en- 
hap; pee all Winter. 

+ Babe nha‘rbour, v. Os. Also 6 inharbour. 
[i En-1+ Harpour sd. or v.] trans. a, To har- 
bour within itself. b. To dwell in, asin a harbour. 

1596 Fitz-Gerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 21 Spenser, whose 
hart inharbours Homers soule. 161 ROWNE Brit. 
Past.1. iii, O true gene t, enharbouring the breasts Of those 
sweet creatures with the plumy crests. 

+ Enha:rd, v. Oéds. [f. Ex-1+ Harp ; in early 
use possibly ad. Fr. exhardir, f. en-+ hardi bold, 
Harpy.] ¢rans. a. To make bold or hardy ; = 
ENHARDY. b. To make hard, harden. 

Hence Enha‘rded ///. a., hardened. 

a4so Knt. de la Tour (1868) 56 That worde..enharded 
hym [the develle] to speke to her. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 27 
Accustumyng hem ayene to werre, were by experience 
lerned sf enhardid. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. 1v. 333 b/2, 
I haue an herte so enharded that, etc. 1523 SKELTON Gari. 
Laurel 305 Enharded adyment the cement of your wall. 

mharden (enha‘id’n), v. Obs. or arch. 
Also 6 inharden. [f. En-1+ Happen v.] ¢rans. 
To make hard, harden. 

He Ord. Coytion Men v. i. (1506) 355 The dampned ma: 
by length of eternyte be enhardened. 1583 Gotp1Nc Calvin's 
Serm. Deut. \xvil. 407 Wee may well inharden our selues 
in our wicked customes. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 
1. § 40 Nor hath conversation, age or travell, been able to 
effront, orenharden me, 1875 Myers Poems 26 She..Whom 
very stripes enharden, 

“| Used in sense of ENHARDY. 

1779 T. A. Mannin Ellis Orig. Lett. pare og digheet acor 
sis for me enhardens me to try your advice on this head. 

2. Obs. [f. EN-1 + Harpy a.; cf. F. 
evn 3 ] trans, To make hardy, embolden, 
Caxton Gold. Le; 3/4 Alle the other bysshoppes 

dur usebe had prstonet Ht ps 1502 Ord. Crysten Men in. 
iii. (1506) 156 To comforte and to enhardy those to do well 
the whiche ben bs apa in speryte. 1525 Lp. Berners Froiss. 
u1. cciv. [cc.] 630 Than this kynge .. enhardyed himselfe to 
the warre with these barones. 

+ Enharmorniac, a. Ods.—° [f. as next +-ac.] 
= ENHARMONIC, 

1681 Blount Glossogr., Enharmoniack. 

Enharmo‘nian, a. Obs. poset [f. Gr. év- 
appdvi-os +-AN.] = next. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1252 Olym is reputed 

«the inventor of the Musicke ciel Enha ee 
onic (enhammp'nik), a.and sb. Music. 
Also 7 enarmonic, enharmonique, 8 -ick. [ad. 
L. enharmonic-us, Gr. tvappovirds, f. év in + dppovia: 
see Harmony, Cf. Fr. enharmonigque.] 
A. adj. 

1. Pertaining to that genus, style, or scale of music 
current among the Greeks, in which an interval 
of two and a half tones was divided into two 
quarter tones and a —— third. 

(1597 Mortey Jxtrod. Enharmonicum is 
that which riseth by diesis, ‘teste vand ditonus.) 1603 
Ho ianp Plutarch's Mor. 1252 These were the beginnings 
of the enharmonique Musicke. 1726 Swirt London sromet 


with Rarities 1841 I. — He si - with eq 
facility in the ch ic, enhar = oo 
1774 Steve in Phil. Trans. LXV. "71 The saben 


1852 


2B go Mus. Modes Hindus in Asiat. Res. 
uit e973 it seems, were the pomp ners 
a Monsas i in Atheneum No. 2975. 12/2 
re pened | i Bs Parry in Grove Dict, Mus. 
os - , Changes are of three kinds .. x. The Diatonic 
hromatic, «3. The Enharmonic, where advan 
is — of the fact that the same notes can be called 
different names, which lead different ways, and .. into of 
expected keys. 


Hence Enharmo‘nical a. = prec. Enharmo‘- 
ne, uo 


yre horses 
Soe seteisy oes of her 


ppl. a. Obs. rare—*, [2 £. Ex-1+ 
med.L. harpa, Gr. dprn sickle+-zD.1] ? Shaped 
like a sickle or scimitar; hooked. 

@1529 Sxetton Dethe Erle Northumberland 125 With 
thy sword, enharpit of mortall drede. 

Enhart(e, variant of EnHEART v. Obs. 

+ Enha‘ste, v. Obs. [ad. OF. enhaster, f. en- 
(see En-1) + haster (mod. Adter) tohasten.] trans. 
To hasten, hurry; also ve, 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. ii. Many worthy in knighthode 

nhasted were unto their deth. ¢1430 — Stor. Thebes 
in. (R.), They enhasted hon, making none abode. 

+ Enhaw'lse, v. Os. rare—'. [ad. OF. en- 
halcer, enhauser.] trans. = ENHANCE, q. Vv. 

1600 Hoitanp Livy xxu. lviii. 468 The horsemens raun- 
some was somewhat enhaulsed .. above that summe. 

Enhaunce, -ch, -se, obs. ff, ENHANCE. 

+ Enhawnt, v. O/s. Also 6-7 inhaunt. [ad. 
Fr, enhanter, {. en- (see Ex-1) + hanter to haunt.] 

1. trans. To } cimagge exercise. 

1382 Wyctir 2 Chron. xix. 6 3e [jugis] enhaunten [Vi 
paetey not dome of man, bot of the Lord. my 7 
12 Hou myche sla3ter wenest thou them to enhaunten in 
alle prouyncis ? 

2. a. trans. To frequent, haunt. b. ref. To 
betake oneself to a haunt, accustom e. 
intr. To keep com pony with. 

1530 Patscr. 535/2, / enhaunte, I haunt ones companye. 
1547-64 Bautpwin Mor. Philos, (Palfr.) xu. 185/2 Better it 
is to liue re i Then toenhaunt much company. 1549-62 
Srernuoip & H. Ps. xciv. 20 Wilt thou inhaunt thy selfe 


and draw, With wicked men hod sit. 1562 Turner Baths 
b, I neuer sawe in anye -. more inhaunted then 
the {the baths near Baden] ra ag 1658 Manton £24, Fude 


16 It argueth they do inhaunt with traitors. 
Hence + Enhawnting vd/. sd. 
1382 Wycuir Ps, liv. 3, I am maad al sory in myn enhaunt- 
ing [1388 exercising, ‘Valg. exercitatio). 
sf "voc, v. Obs. rare—'. In 6 enhavac. 
f. Ex-1+ Havoc v.] To make havoc, devastate. 
ence Enha‘vocking vé/. sb., devastation. 
1613 T. Apams Pract. Wks, 1. 87 Our concealings have 
pen ss lose, our enhavacings ravenous, our transportations 
Vi 
Enhawnse, -hawse, obs. ff. ENHANCE. 
+ Enha‘zard, v. Ods. [f. hips sb] 
trans. To expose to ge to risk. 
Hence Enha‘zarding, vé/. sd. 
1562 Snute Cambine’s Turk. Wars 8 


willing to 

avoide the danger of anye more their force. 
hath beane Sanpys ome wrehe SB ye 154 How often his State 
“es 2or With pein of both 


Gepeadeae and Christianity. 1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 
Poked Cages gear ons 2 reepens e to secure their liues 
from the fire, did enhazard them on the fury of the sword. 
Enhearse, inhearse (en-, inh5-s), v. Also 
7 inhearce. ff. En- 1+ HEARSE. 


trans. To put 

into a hearse. Also ¢ransf. —_ ig: i 
— S Se Ixxxvi i ts 
HAKS. Sonn, i, ny ripe ag 


braine inhearce. 1633 Foro. 
444. Phe shi shrine Of fairest = bag hovers Besvnwar — 
hee bi lessed bones inhi 
pty athe se Wi M fies 
LeTon Vi; e g e poe ny er 
bones i pe eller Son 3 


+ Enhea‘rt, v. Obs. " Also 6 enhart(e, 7 a 


hart. [f. Ex-1+ Hearr.] ¢vans. a. fig. To 
heart into, make hearty; to enco 4 inspirit. 
& To enclose within the substance of the heart. 


Raynotp Womans Booke 71 She must be. .strength- 
cheny pa comfortable meates & drinkes, which may 
Soa hich ghost prenite bodied or pt Fray abe 
em| en! 
is wholly in us and i in our hartes. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues 
Commw. (1878) 113 ar yee Pa inharted to rush carelesly 
forward into vnbrideled libertie. 
Enhearten (enhat’n), v. Now rare. Also 
7 inhearten. [f. En-1+ ae v.] trans. To 
make he or cow en, cheer. 
1611 Sreep//ist, Gt. Brit. 1x. vii. bos Thel Commaunder’s 


ENHEAVEN. 


ldi. 


inuii ble ncy against y ig, which enheartened 
the better sort, ed the baser, 1656 Eart Monn. 
Advt. fr. Parnass. 120 The Venetian j peal incouraged and 
inheartned Juvinal. 1859 I. Taytor Logic in Theol. 131, 
I seek to enhearten myself fora labour so arduous. 1881 
Patcrave Vis. Eng. 241 O names that enhearten the soul, 
Blenheim and Waterloo. 

transf. 1610 W. Forxincuam Art of Survey 1. x. 25 
Sommer-eating doth greatly enhearten weake Medowes, 

Hence Enhea‘rtening ///. a. 

1836 J. Gitpert Chr. Atonem. ix, (1852) 270 This en- 
heartening visitant. 186x I. TayLor Spirit Hebr. Poetry 
(1873) 248 That modesty, that calm philosophic balance of 

¢ mind. .enheartening especially to those who bear testi- 
mony for wisdom and goodness. 


Enheaven, inheaven (en-, inhe'v’n), x 


[f En-1+4Hxaven.] trans. To place in or raise 
to heaven, Zt. and fig. ; to entrance. 

1652 Bentowes Theofh. 1. lxxii, Their perfume Enheav'ns 
the sense. 1839-48 Battery Festus 60/1 He Himself Con- 
ceiving, bearing, suffering, ending all, Affiliating and in- 
heavening. 1851 S. Jupp Margaret m. (1871) 358 The one 
circumflows and inheavens us. 

Enhedge : see En- pref! 3. 

[Enhendee, a. Her. A spurious word found 
in some heraldic and other Dicts. in the phrase 
cross enhendee (given as synonym of cross potenee) 
where the adj. appears to be a corruption of OF. 
enheudée having a handle.] 

+Enherrd, v. Sc. Ods. Forms: 4 aneherd, 
(gr. pple. enerthand), 4-5 anerd, (6 annerd), 
5-6 enherde. [a. OF. exherdre :—late L. inhe- 
rere, altered form of L. zxzherére (see INHERE), 
f. in- in, upon+herére to stick. The OF., and 
hence the Eng., word correspond in sense with 
L. adherére (late L. -ére) to ADHERE, whence the 
synon. OF. aherdre ; prob., as in other instances, 
the OF. words with prefixes e- and a- have been 
confounded in use.] 

intr. To adhere, assent. Const. Zo; also simply. 

€1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Paulus 1090 Vthir womene .. ane- 
herdit to Petir and Paule. /éid., Andreas 207 Myne barne, 
pat pis has me done, To pis aldmane enerthand is [L. ad- 
hesit). ¢1375 Barsour Troy-dk. 1. 1404 Kynges sere That 
to hys will anerdande were. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vit. 
xxix. 164 Hys wil wes til enherde To be Scottis mennys 
Party. 1440 Gaw. § Gol. in Pinkerton Scot. Poems Repr. 
II. 8 (Jam.), Thare anerdis to our nobill to note ..Tuelf 
crounit kingis in feir. 1513 Doucias 4ineis u. xi. 164 Plat 
he refusis, enherding to his entent. /d¢d. xu. xiii. 118 Juno 
anerdit [v. ». annerdit], and gaif consent thareto. 

Hence Anhe'rdand [the pr. pple. used subst.], 
an adherent. 

1478 Acta Dom. Audit, 71 (Jam.), That James of Law- 
thress..salbe harmless & scathless of thaime, thair freindis, 
oie and anherdandis. 1480 Acta Dom. Concilii 5, ‘oe 

hat Johne M’Gille sall be harmeles of the said Wil jiame 
and his anherdens bot as law will. 

+ Enherre, v. Os. vare—'. [Of uncertain for- 
mation: perh, f. En-1+HeEmr.] ¢vans. ? To pos- 
sess as an inheritance. 

a@ 1400-50 Alexander 1132 Sir, anec., That pe erth of 
egipt enhered some tyme. 

erit, etc.: see INHERIT, etc. 

+ Enhigh, v. Ods. In5 enhie. 
Hicu.] ‘rans. To make high, exalt. 

€ 1440 Gesta Rom. xxii. 123 That I and al my kin myght 
be enhied & honovrid. : 4 = 

oney : see En- pref1 1 b. 

+ Enho'nour, v. Oss. Also 6 in-. [f. Ex-1+ 
Honovr.] ¢rvans. To put honour upon ; to honour. 

1571 Go.pinc Calvix on Ps. xviii, 2 Tytles to enhonour 

withall. 1583 — Calvin's Serm. Deut. iv. 22 Euerie of 
them ought to considir..howe greatly God hath inhonored 

ii 1578 Priv. Prayers 547 Thou hast inhonoured me 
with the co- ership of the everlasting inheritance. 

oril: see ENOURLE. 


+Enho'rt, v. Os. Also 4 enhurte, 4-5 en- 
ort. [a. OF. exhort-er, enort-er:—L. inhortari, f. 
in- (see IN-) + hortari to exhort.] ‘rans. To ex- 
hort, encourage, incite. Const. 4o with zzf, and 
simply. Also with sb. as obj.: To recommend, 
suggest, insist upon. 

1382 Wyciir 2 Sam. xi. 25 Coumfort thi fizters a3ens the 
ee..and enhurte hem. 1388 — Zf. Yerome iii, To 
mothe .. he [Paul] wryteth, and enorteth the studie 
lessoun. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour G iij, Euery good 

woman ought to enhorte her husbond to serue God. 

Hence Enhorrting, vd/. sb.; Enho'rtment, the 

action of exhorting, an exhortation. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 150/2 Eue by thenhortyng of the 

denyt gaf her consente to doo the synne of Inobedyence. 
1475 — Fason 124 Peleus sente you into colchos by his en- 


hortement. 

+ Enhou'se, v. Ods. Also 6 in-. [f. En-1+ 
Hovse.] ¢vans. To settle or establish in a house. 

1596 Firz-Gerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 99 O Death in- 
hous’d in hells profundities. 1597 MippLeTon in Farr S. P. 
£iiz. 11. 535 These raigne enhoused with their mother night. 

+ Enhui'le, v. Obs. rare. [ad. OF. enxhuilier, 
f. en- (see En-1)=Auile oil: see Enoi.] ¢rans. 
To put oil upon, anoint with oil; to oil. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny II. 409 With a barbars brasen bason 
well enhuiled. 1603 — Plutarch’s Mor. 1138 He approched 
here unto her house all enhuiled and anointed as he was. 


Enhunger (enhvngoz), v. Also 5 enhongre, 


[f. En- 1+ 


187 


inhungre. [f. En-1+Huncer.] ‘vans, To put 
into a state of hunger, make hungry. Only in 
pa. pple. 

1480 Robt. Devyll (1828) 34 He gate the bone alone, and 
laye and gnewe it; for he was sore enhongred. 1632 LitH- 
Gow Trav. 38 We, being inhungred and also ouerioyed. 
1845 J. Martineau Relig. Eng. 7 Those animal passions 
which vice had..enhungered to feed on innocence and life. 
1871 Daily News 13 Feb., What a terribly big maw Paris 
has, especially when she is enhungered. 

mhusk : see En- pref! 1 a. 

Enhydrite (enhoi-drait). [f. as next + -1TE.] 
A mineral containing water occluded in its cavities. 

Hence Enhydri'tic a. [+-1c], of the nature of 
an enhydrite. 

1812 Pinkerton Petralogy 1. 60 Enhydritic agates found 
near Vicenza. 

[f. Gr. évvdp-os 


Enhydrous (enhoi-dros), a. 
(f. €v in + #8wp water) + -ous.] Having water 
within ; containing water or some other fluid. 

.1812 Pinkerton Petralogy I. 90 Chalcedonies. .are some- 
times enhydrous, or contain a drop of water. 

Enhypo'statize, v. vave—!. [f. Ex- 2 + Hypo- 
STATIZE.] Z¢rans. To unite in one ‘hypostasis’ or 
‘ person’. 

1882-3 Scuarr in Herzog’s Encycl. Rel. Knowl. 1. 458 
His humanity was enhypostatized through union with the 
Logos, or incorporated into his personality. 

Enigma (éni-gmi). Forms: 6-9 enigma, 
7 ®&-, enigm(e, (anigma, inigma), 6- enigma. 
fi, enigmas ; also 6-7 #-, enigmata. [a. L. 
enigma, Gr. aiviypa (pl. aiviypara), f. aivicoecOac 
to speak allusively or obscurely, f. afvos apologue, 
fable. The adapted forms e#-, exigm(e in 17th c. 
may be due to'the Fr. éxigme.] 

1. a. A short composition in prose or verse, in 
which something is described by intentionally 
obscure metaphors, in order to afford an exercise 
for the ingenuity of the reader or hearer in guess- 
ing what is meant; a riddle. +b. In wider 
sense: An obscure or allusive speech; a parable 
(obs. exc. as transf. from I a.) 

1539 TaverNER Evasm. Prov. 69 He pronounced also 
many Enigmata or Symboles. 1588 SHaxs. Z. LZ. L. 1. i. 
128 Some enigma, some riddle, come, thy Lenuoy begin. 
1603 Hotianp Plutarch’s Mor. 1354 Hidden under darke 
zenigmes and covert speeches. 1644-52 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. 
VI. ill, (1821) 201 Those znigmata of Joseph’s sun, moon, 
stars, and sheaves. 1681 H. More £xf. Dan. vi. 159 
Delivering the matter without any Prophetick AZnigm or 
Parable. 1684 — Ax Answer 249 Symbols, Parables, or 
Enigmes. 1715 Pore Let. Sir W. Trumbull 16 Dec., 
It was one of the Enigma’s of Pythagoras, ‘When the 
winds rise, worship the Eccho’.. when popular tumults 
begin, retire to solitudes. 1781 Harris PAdlol. Eng. (1841) 
44 Nor ought a metaphor to be farfetched, for then it be- 
comes anenigma. 1797 Mrs. RapcuirFe /talian xxiv, You 
speak in enigmas, father. 1809-10 CoLertncE Friend (1865) 
158 Ina corel enigma the greatest ingenuity is not 
always shown by him who first gives the complete solution, 
1849 W. Firzceratp tr. Whitaker's Disput. 186 Enigmas 
which CEdipus himself could never solve. } 

2. fig. Something as puzzling as an enigma; an 
unsolved problem. 

c 1605 Row.ey Birth Merl. v. i. 349, I will erect a monu- 
ment..A dark enigma to the memory. 1609 Ev. Woman 
in Hum. u, i. in Bullen O. P?. IV, All which to me are 
problematique mines, Obsurde inigmaes. a@ 1667 Jer. Tay- 
Lor Servm. (1678) 340 A person both God and Man, an 
znigma to all Nations, and to all Sciences. 1795 Burke 
Let. Dr. Hussey (1844) 1V.325 As to Spain, it certainly has 
been, and long will be, an enigma. 1836 THiRLWALL Greece 
II. xiv. 200 If the fleet .. could be supposed to solve this 
enigma, 1875 Farrar Silence § V. ii. 33 Separated from 
the thought of God, the conscience becomes an idle enigma. 

Enigmatic (tnigmetik), a. [ad. late L. enig- 
matic-us, f.enigmat- stem of enigma (see ENIGMA). 
Cf. Fr. éxigmatigue.] Pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, an enigma, containing or resembling 
an enigma; ambiguous, obscure, perplexing. Of 
persons: Mysterious; baffling conjecture as to 
character, sentiments, identity, or history. 

1628-1677 Fertuam Resolves t. xxvii. (1677) 47 These fruit. 
less and znigmatic questions, are bones the Devil hath cast 
among us. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche ix. 59 (R.) That 
znigmatick foe, whose ammunition Is nothing else but 
want of all provision. 1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles I. 1. ii, 11 
Plato’s usual way [was].. to wrap up those Jewish Tradi- 
tions in ..enigmatic Parables. 1828 cates Misc. I. (1857) 
137 Being excessively reserved withal, he becomes not a 
little enigmatic. 1876 G. Evior Dax. Der. Iv. xxxiv. 297 
He saw the figure of the eni; tic Jew. 


Enigmartical a. [f. prec. +-AL.] = prec. 
1576 FLeminc Panoplie Ep. 399 Sydonius is so enig- 
maticall. that a man can scarse tell where to finde out his 
meaning. c1645 Howett Ze??#. (1650) II. 44 The mud of 
Nile. .that enigmaticall vast river. 1723 S. MATHER Vind. 
Bible 218 They did use zni: tical discourses. 1823 Lin- 
carp Hist. Eng. VI. 75 The meaning of this enigmatical 
remark was not disclosed till eighteen months afterwards. 
1850 W. Irvine Mahomet vi. (1853) 34 The enigmatical 
career of this extraordi man, 

Enigmatically (migmee'tikali), adv. [f. prec. 
+ -Ly.2] In an enigmatical manner ; er the 
manner of, or by means of, an enigma ; ambigu- 
ously, obscurely. f 

1590 GREENE Never too late (1600) 106 For young men ’tis 
too soone, for olde men too late to marry ; concluding so 


ENJANGLE. 


enigmatically, it were not good to marry at all. 1641 
Frencu Distili. i. (1651) 15 Philosophers when they wrote 
any thing too excellent for the vulgar to know, expressed 
it enigmatically. 1744 BerKELey S7rts § 365 He writes .. 
enigmatically and briefly in the following terms. 1831 
CaryLe Sart. Res. u. iii. (1871) 82 So ends abruptly as 1s 
usual and enigmatically this little incipient romance. 

+ Enigma‘ticalness. Oés. rare. [f. as prec. 
+-nEss.] The quality of being enigmatical. 

1684 H. More Ax Answer 257 Plainness, in opposition to 
zenigmaticalness. — ; 

+ Eni‘gmatist. Os. [ad. L. enigmatista, ad. 
Gr. almyparior-ys, f. aivyya Enicma.] a. A 
writer of enigmas. b. One who speaks enigmati- 
cally. 

1621 AinswortH Azmot. Pentat. Num. xxi. 27 In Greeke, 
Enigmatists, they that speake riddles. 1710 AppisoN 
Whig-Exam. i. ® 3, I shall deal more ingenuously with 
By eaders than the above-mentioned Enigmatist has 

one, 

Enigmatize (‘ni:gmitaiz), v. [ad. Gr. *aivey- 
pari(-ev (implied in alvvypariarns, sec prec.), f. 
aivypat- ENIGMA.] 

1. ¢rans. +a. To symbolize. 
enigmatical or puzzling. 

@1631 Donne Polydoron 71 Acteon pursued by his houndes 
:. may znigmatize a lover chased and Devoured by his 
Thoughts. 1800 Monthly Mag. X. 437 Manuscripts .. so 
znigmatised with insertions and repetitions and alterations. 
@ 1834 CoreripGe Lit. Renz, (1836) I. 213 A poetic tissue of 
visual symbols..by which the Apocalypt enigmatized the 
Neronian persecutions. 1841 Blackw. Mag. XLIX. 151 It 
is precisely the disregard of details that enigmatizes hu- 
manity to Michelet. 

2. intr. To utter or talk in enigmas ; to deal in 
riddles. In mod. Dicts. 

Enigmato-, combining form of Exiema, as in 
Enigmatographer [Gr. -ypap-os writer + -ER], 
a maker or explainer of enigmas. Enigmato:- 
graphy [Gr. -ypapia writing], the making or 
collecting of enigmas. Enigmato-logy [see -Locy], 
the study of enigmas. 

gn Cuambers Cycl. Supp. 

nimicitious, etc., var. of INIMICITIOUS, etc. 

Enimity, obs. form of Enmiry. 

Enisle, inisle (en-, inai'l), v. [f. Ex-1, In- + 
Istx.] a. To make into an isle. b. To place or 
settle on anisle. Also fig. To isolate, sever, cut off. 

a. ¢1630 Drumm. or Hawtu. Sextain, Mine eyes en-isle 
themselves with floods. 1848 M. Arnotp Poewes (1877) II. 
17 In the sea of life enisled..We mortal millions live alone. 
1887 BrowninG Parleyings, F, Furini x, My self-conscious- 
ness "T'wixt ignorance and ignorance enisled. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb, viii. 357 Into what sundry 
gyres her wondered self she [a river] throws, And oft inisles 
the shore. 1614 SELDEN 77tles Hon. 91 This Chazaria or 
Gazaria .. almost inisled by the Seas Delle Zabache and 
Maggiore. 1812 CoLeripcE Lit, Rem. (1836) I. 366 Knots 
of curds inisled by interjacent whey at irregular distances. 
1878 SEELEY Sei II. 156 Let the wild sea inisle thee. 

Hence Ini‘sled, Af/. a. 

1809-10 CoLeRIDGE /riend (1865) 38 The base of the 
inisled Ararat. 1880 BetHAM-Epwarps Fovestadled I. 1. ii. 
19 Far away lay many an inisled kingdom of fisherfolk. 

+ Eni-xed, ple. Obs. rare—1. [f. late L. nix- 
us brought forth, born, pass. pple. of éz¢z to bring 
forth (orig. to strive: see ENIxLy).] Brought 
forth, born. 

1607 TorseLt Four-f. Beasts (1658) 69 A Calf, is a young 
or late enixed Bull or Cow. f 

+ Eni-‘xibility. nonce-wd. (bombastic.) [f. énix- 
ppl. stem of éztz: see prec.; after visibility, 
etc.] ? Possibility of being brought forth. 

1652 Urquuart Yewel Wks. (1834) 210 With parturiencie 
for greater births, if a malevolent time disobstetricate not 
their enixibility. ; ‘ 

Eni‘xly, adv. Obs. vare—. [f. L. énixé with 
strong effort (f. ézxus, pass. pple. of é7¢z to exert 
one’s strength) +-Ly*.] Forcibly, stringently. 

bg be True Nonconf. 92 They are .. enixely commanded 
the lowliest humility. 

Enjail, injail (en-, indgéil), v. See also 
engaol (En- frefl 1). [f. En-, In- + Jan. 
Cf. OF r. enjaioler.] trans. To shut up in, or as 
in, a jail ; to imprison. ; 

@ 1631 Donne Progr. Soul 18 (R.) Her firm destiny .. en- 
jail’d her.. Into a small blew shell. 1855-9 SINGLETON 
Virgil 11, 245 One of the kine returned The sound .. And, 
(though] injailed, the hope of Cacus balked. es 

+Enja‘mb, v. Obs. vare—!. In 7 iniamb. 
[ad. Fr. enjamdéer to stride, encroach, f. e- in (see 
En: pref-1) +jambe leg.]_ intr. To encroach. 

1600 O. E. Repl. Libel 1. i. 33 In Juliers and Italy the 
Spaniard hath iniambed vpon others right. 

Enjambment (endgembmént). Pros. Also 
enjambement. [ad. Fr. exjamb t, f. enjamber: 
see prec.] The continuation of a sentence beyond 
the second line of a couplet. 

1837-9 Hatram Hist. Lit, II. v. u. § 54.216 Du Bartas 
almost affects the enjambement or continuation of the sense 
beyond the couplet. 1880 E. Gosse Eng. Poets II. 271 
Waller was the first English poet to adopt the French 
fashion of writing in lets, instead of enjamb 188r 
Saintssury Dryden 17 It [the couplet] was turned by en- 
jambements into something very like rhythmic prose. 


Enjangle: see En- pref. 3. " 
-2 


b. To render 


ENJEALOUS. 


+ Enjea‘lous, v. Oss. Also 7 injealous. [f. 
En-1+ Jeatous a.] trans. To make jealous. 

1619 Sir H. Wotton in Eng. § Germ. (1865) 49 The King 
will thereby. . be soe a nb | as maie..keepe rom 
molesting t nearer seas. 1689 /rreg. Actions Papists 
in 7th Collect. Papers Pres. Affairs 13 Two or three gentle- 
men of Estate may. .enjealous a whole County. 


+ Enjea‘lousy, v. Ods. [f. Ex-1 + Jeaousy.] 


trans. To plunge into or provoke to jealousy. 
1665, Survi Aff. Netheri, = They.. po acres them 


one against the other. 
+ Enjeo‘pard, v. Ols. In 6 enjubarde, 7 
enieopard. ([f. En-1+ JEopaRD v.] trans. To 
ut in jeopardy, jeopardize, endanger. 
Ye i papers Hen VIL, i? 130 Ere His Grace wold 
enjubarde his people in thenfection thereof. 1636-48 G. 
Danie Eclog. v. 317 May it not Be his too much Affection 
to the Scott Enieopards him? ae 
Enjewel (endzivél), v. Also 7 injewel. [f. 
Ey-1 + JewEL.] ¢rvans. a. To set jewels upon, 
adorn with jewels. b. To rest upon or adorn as 


a jewel does. In quots. ¢ransf. 
Hence Enjew‘elled, A//. a. : . 
1648 Herrick Hesper. Nupt. Song a Crew, Faire 

injewel’d May Blowne out of April. a 1849 Por Al Aaraf 

s. (1859)198 The many star-isles That enjewel its breast. 

Enjoin (endgoin), v. Forms: a. 3 enjunje, 
(anjoyni, ? angeonni), 3-4 enyoyn, 4-8 en- 
joyn(e, 4 (enjon), enjoign, (6 enjun), 7 enjoine, 
7-enjoin. £. 6-7 inioyn(e, injoyn(e, (7 in- 
oyne), 6-9 injoin. (See also Apsorn {].) [a. Fr. 
enjoign- stem of enjoindre, corresp. to Pr. en- 
junker, It. ingiugnere :—L. injungére to join on, to 
impose (a penalty or duty), f. zz- + zungére to 
join.] ; 

+1. ¢rans. To join together. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir Jatt, xix. 6 Therfore a man departe nat 
that thing that God enioynyde, or knytte to gidre. 1393 
Lancianp P. Pé. C. x1, 130 With wynd and water wittyliche 
en-ioyned. 1503 Ord. Crysten Men v. ii. (1506) 366 To 
enioyne hete and colde in one selfe torment. 1559 Homilies 
1, Adultery u, Through whoredome to be enjoyned [1547 
joined] and made all one with a whore. c1600 NorDEN 
Cornwall in Johns Week Lizard (1848) 224 The forces of 
manie strong men enjoyned can doe no more in moving it. 
1684 CHarnock Wks, (1864) I. 115 A reflection upon what 
God hath done should be enjoined with our desires of what 
we would have God to do for us. 

+b. To take part in; also, to attach oneself to, 
join (a company). Ods. 

1546 GarpiNer Decl. Articles Yoye 59 His ministers 
. enioyning his glory and his honour. 1571 Dicces Pantom. 
Pref., Enjoyning the company of Euclide, Archimedes, etc. 

+e. intr, for ref. To join, make common 
cause with. Obs. rare—?. 

1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 11. vu. 382 Theron enjoined 
(1739 (ed. 2) joined] with his fiharicdaw 

2. In early use: To impose (a penalty, task, 
duty, or obligation); said esp. of a spiritual di- 
rector (40 enjoin Penance, etc.). Hence in mod. 
use: To prescribe authoritatively and with em- 
phasis (an action, a course of conduct, state of 
feeling, etc.). Const. om, upon (a person); for- 
merly 740, or dative (or acc.: see 2 b); also 
simply. 

‘It is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious 
than command’ (J.). 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 346 Al pet vuel bet tu euer polest uor be 
luue of Iesu Crist, widinnen pine ancre wowes,—al ich 
on iunne [detter readings enjun3e, angeonni] be. 1340 
Ayenb. 172 Pet he habbe power..him penonce to anioynj be 
be zenne. ¢1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 43 Po mynystris 
.-schullen wip mercy enyonye hen penaunce. 1 NGL. 
P. Pl. B. xm. he Penaunce bat pe prest enioigneth. c 1400 
A pol, Loll. 32 It — God enionib to doctors & dekunis. 
be minstri of presthed & of dekunhed. a@1533 Lp. Berners 
Huon \xv, 223 That was eniunyd hym on payne of deth. 
1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 593 And enioyned 
him no other punishment. 1616 Hieron Ws. II, 31, I per- 
swade not a neglect of reading; nay, I intend ona inioyne 
these. ARVELL Corr, cxxxvi. Wks. 1872-5 II. 302 
The Lords. . have enjoyned their clerks secrecy. 1667 PooLe 
Dial. betw. Protest. & Papist (1735) 30[The Romish Church] 
enjoyns these Practices to all her Members. a 1778 Cuat- 
HAM Lett. Nephew iv. 22 Pythagoras enjoined his scholars 
an absolute silence for a long noviciate. 1841 Myers Cath. 
Th, 11. § 5. 17 A law enjoining all that ought to be done 
by man. 1863 Bricut Sf. America 26 Mar., In spite of all 
that morality may enjoin upon them. 

b. The construction with dat. of person and 
acc. of thing is formally identical in mod. Eng. 
with the construction with double acc. Hence 
sometimes in Aassive with acc. of the thing. 

1644 Mitton Aveof. 54 But to be enjoyn’d the reading of 
that at all times. oe 

+c. Zo enjoin (a person) ¢o a penalty, ob- 
servance, etc. Ods. 

€ 1380 Wyciir Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat, Wyclif 149 Pei 
enioynen hem to brede & watur & to go barefote. 1586 
Cocan Haven Health (1636) 291 Not much er Fmd 
ment than the Nunne was enjoyned to. C. Hatron 
in Hatton Corr. (z676) 163 He wispers it about as a great 
secret, injoyning al corned to privacy. 1693 Col. Rec. 
Penn, \, 372 He wold Enjoine the Senecas to peace and 
a ron them. 

+d. To impose rules on (oneself)." Obs. rare. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 292 Monkes and Philosophers, and 
such as do lly enjoyne th ves, 


188 


e. with personal obj. (orig. indirect, in dative 
oe nen hk any ienole Mamay and 
inf. or subord. clause. 


to keepe 
173 We enioyne thee. .that 


g from 
London. 1825 IT. Jerrerson Axt Wks. 1859 I. 18 
They were e i cin Eh deuid tnpede 
that object. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V. 1. iii. 42 The pope 
-. advised and even enjoined him to return to his duties, 
f. without personal obj. and with inf. or 
subord. clause. Hence impersonally in passive. 

1547 Homilies 1. Pref. 5 A Sermon according as it is in- 
joined in the book of her Highness Injunctions. @ 1694 ‘T1L- 
Lotson (T.), Enjoining that truth and fidelity be inviolably 
preserved. 1868 Stantey Westm. Ad. ii. 74 In his will he 
enjoined that his image on his tomb, etc. /od. Christianity 
enjoins that we love our enemies. ae 

. To prohibit, forbid (a thing); to prohibit (a 
person) from (a person or thing). Now only in 
Law: To prohibit or restrain by an InguncTion. 

1589 PuTrENHAM Eng. Poesie (1869) 30 Sore agreeued. .for 
that he had enio: them from their wiues. 1814 Lp. 
E.pon in Vesey & Beame Reforts Il. 412 The Court .. 
would. .injoin that action for ever. _ 1884 Sir C. Bowen in 
Law Rep. Chanc. Div. XXVI. 709 We are now asked to... 
enjoin him for ever from infringing a right which does not 
exist. 

Hence + Enjoi‘nance, an injunction, command. 
Enjoined, 7//. a. Enjoitner, one who enjoins. 
Enjoi‘ning, vj/. 5s). Enjoi*nment, the action of 
enjoining, injunction. 

1782 Evrxinston Martial ui. ii. 132 That is thy father’s 
own enjoinance. 1594 Hooker Eeccé. Pod. u. viii. (1611) 78 
That which the bond of. .enioyned duty tied him vnto. 1601 
Suaxs. Al?’s Well 1. v. 97 Of inioyn’d penitents There’s 
foure or fiue, to great S. Iaques bound. 1587 Go.pinc De 
Mornay xxxiii. 532 The founder or Inioyner thereof by 
Lawe. 1662 FuLLER Worthies Sussex 1. 101 He wasa great 

unisher of Pluralists, and injoyner of Residence. a 1570 

Econ New Catech. Wks. (1844) 217 The enjoining of this 
outward baptism doth not save. 1646 Sir’1’. Browne Pseud. 
Ep. (J.), Critical trial should be made by publick enjoin- 
ment. 1816 Scott Axtig. xxxix, Letters of more strict enjoin- 
ment and more hard compulsion, 1868 Browninc Ring & 
Bk, Il. 1v. 777 Her putative parents had impressed On 
their departure, their enjoinment. 2 by 

+ Enjoint. Ods. [a. OF. enjoincte, f. enjoindre: 
see prec.] That which is enjoined ; a charge, duty. 

1413 Lype. Pilgr. Sowle 1. xxv. (1859) 30 He has done his 
enioynte withouten ony peyn. 

+ owrn, corruption of ADJOURN: see EN- 
pref.) A. 2; = ADJOURN 3. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 593 And _ y® foresayd parlyament 
was eniourned ynto y* xx. day of Cristemas, 

Enjourney : see En- fref.1 1 a. 

t Enjoy’, sb. Obs, [f. next. vb.] = ENJOYMENT. 

1589 Puttennam Eng. Poesie (1869) 249 As true loue is 
content with his enioy. 

Enjoy (endzoi:), v. Forms: a. 4-7 enjoye, 
(4 enyoie, 5-6 enyoy), 5 enjoye, 7 enjoie, 6- 
enjoy. 8. 5-8 injoy, 6-7 injoye, injoie. [a. 
either OF. enjoze-r (cf. It. ingiojare) to give joy 
to, véft. to enjoy, f. e- in + joe Jor; or OF. enjoir 
to enjoy, rejoice, f. en-+joir (Fr. joutr) :—L. gau- 
dere; cf. rejoice.] 

1. cntr. To be in joy, or in a joyous state; to 
manifest joy, exult, rejoice. 

c 1380 Wycuir Tracts Wks. (1880) 243 Enyoie 3e to him wib 
quakynge. 1382 — Luke i. 14 And manye ulen enii 
in his natyuite. c 1440 Gesta Rom. (1878) 122 (Harl. MS.) 
He enioyed and was glad in al his herte. —_ Caxton 
Gold. Leg. 250/3 He sechyng the kyngdome of heuen en- 
ioyeth as a vaynqueur. 1 LanenaM Let. Pref. 41 Yet 
he neuer enioied after, but in conclusyon pitifully wasted 
his painful lyfe. _ 

+b. Zo enjoy of: = sense 3 or 4 [Fr. joutr de.] 
, 1515 Barctay Lgloges (1570) C iv/y Likewise mayst thou 
inioy of our science, 1557 Nortu Diad/ of Princes 238 aft 
Of all that I haue had, d, attained, and whereof I 
haue enioyed, I haue onely two thinges, etc. 

+2. trans. To put into a joyous condition ; to 
make happy, F hi pleasure to. Ods. 

1484 Caxton 


do good vnto him. z 
. ref. To eee pleasure, be happy; now 
chiefly, to find pleasure in an occasion of festivity 
or social intercourse, in a period of recreation, etc. 
1656 H. More Antid. Ath. th, Creatures are made to 
enjoy themselves, as well as to serve us. r71x SHAFTESB. 
C . 1. § 2 (1737) L. 310 When I employ my Affection in 
friendly and octal Actions..I can sincerely enjoy myself. 
SL Fulsnds enloy hamsslves. Afed, Tite yoo enjoy sean 
riends en. mselves, - 
at the party? a is enjoying hinwelf ot: the acnside’ Shay 
have nothing to do but enjoy themselves. _ 
3. trans. To possess, use, or ex ce with de- 
light. Also with reference to feeling only : 
To take delight in, relish. Also adsol. 


injoy the wylleffar off odyr. 1538 STARKEY 
ii. 67 Ni En i Suaxs. 
ae oy ae rR Ss 


poone Yy enioy hog ae Nt Te ee 
e present. iton P. L. 1x. 

‘Adamn wedded to ancther Shall live with her ~~ 
ing, I exti 373 Areas ‘ato (T.), I could enjoy 

pangs of death smile in agony. 1 RicHarpson 
Pamela U1, 137 How he. .injoys..the Relations of his own 
rakish Actions. 1870 E. Peacock Rad/ Skir/ Il. ii. 10 Wil- 
liam enjoyed the novelty very much. 1872 Ruskin Zagle’s 
XV. § 85 It is appointed for all men to enjoy, but for few to 


b. with inf. as obj. collog. or vulgar. 

sate Reebeon Tone 5 She would greatly enjoy to dance at 
a once more. . 

4. In weaker sense: To have the use or benefit 
of, have for one’s lot (something which affords 
pleasure, or is of the nature of an advantage). 

c1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. (1714) 144 We schal 
now enjoye [in peace under Hdward IV]. 
E fy cae oe LE Fob xxxiii. e. pancangh vi me . we 

ight of y* lyuinge. 1577-87 Houinsuep Chron. II. 811/2 
He had of so continuance inioied the name of iust and 
vpright. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xiv. 67 Mony is thrown 
<sonae many, Neuere by them that catch it. 1676 
Hossss //iad 1. 88 As long as I enjoy my life. Frevp- 
inc Tom Fones 1. iv. (1840) watt [Allworthy’s house] 
stood .. high enough to enjoy a most ing prospect. 
1818 Crust Digest VI. 300 Anne..shall hold and en’ 
the same as a pl of inheritance. 1830 Disraewi Chas. /, 
III. iv. 52 Wentworth had not enjoyed the royal favour. 
1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. (1879) 1. vii. 324 Animals en- 
joying a much lower degree of intelligence. 

“| Sometimes used catachr. with obj. denoting 
something wot pleasurable or advantageous. 

Chiefly in expressions like ‘to enjoy poor health,’ ‘to 
enjoy an indifferent reputation’, where the sb. has ly 
a Tsourhble sense, qualified adversely by the adj. (Cf. the 
similar use of youir de, censured by ¥r. grammarians). 
Uses like those in quots. 1577, a 1633, to which this expla- 
nation does not apply, could not now occur. 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. 469 What shall of 
Pertinax and what of Iulian? Enioyed not both they one 
kinde of death? a Munpay Pahueria (1639) 1._ liv. 
His Father, Mother and all his friends..were not a little 
sorrowfull to enjoy his absence. 1834 Venn Life § Lett. 
(1835) 407 At best she enjoys poor health. x Macpurr 
Mem. Patmos ii. 148 The reigns of Alexander Severus and 
Caracalla. .enjoyed an unhappy distinction for their grinding 
taxation. 

+b. To have one’s will of <4 woman). Obs. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry W.u. ii. 265 You shall, if you will, 
enioy Fords wife. 1667 Mitton P. Z.1x. 1032 Never did thy 
Beautie..so enflame 7 sense With ardor to enjoy thee. 

Enjoyable (endzoiib’l), a. [f. Ensoy 7.+ 
-ABLE. 

1. Capable of being enjoyed. 

1645 Mitton Co/ast.(R.), Unfitness and contrariety. .leaves 
nothing between them enjoyable. 1 Hervey Medit. 
(1818) 269 A ion enjoyable only t! such a fortuit- 
ous term, 1 KBURN Mem, 309 Enjoyable only 
hag young and active. Dickens Lett, (1880) 1. 24 

last gratification is enjoyable all our lives. 

2. Affording pleasure, delightful. 

21744 Pore Lett. (T.), The evening of our days dy mee d 
the calmest and the most enjoyable of them. 1867 Dicxe: 
Lett, (1880) 11. 304 This passage in winter time cannot be 
said to be an enjoyable excursion. 1882 Brappon Mt, Royal 
IIL. vi. 95 Plymouth a very enjoyable place. 

Enjoy‘ableness, [f prec. + -NESS.] The 
quality of being enjoyable. 

1868 Lessons Mid. Age 10 Would that things would wes 
their first fresh feeling and racy enjoyableness! 1885 Ad- 
vance (Chicago) 9 July 445 A cold rain detracted somewhat 
from the enjoyabl the i 


of 
Enjoyably ge bene adv, [f. as prec. + 
-LY“; see -ABLY.] an enjoyable manner. 

1877 Bicc-Witner Pion. S. Brasil 1. u, iv. 288, I passed 
m 


rst night. .uneventfully, but enjoyably. 
1887 Charity Org. Rev. IIL } oe monlene yak 
was throughout enjoyably informal, dissolved. 


+Enjoy‘ance. Ods. [f. "Engoy v. + -ANCE.] 
= low ‘ te) 
Ry ‘ small 
enjevance of the light of Gots word. ae 
oyer (endgoi‘a). [f. Ensoy v. +-ER.1] One 
who enjoys. Const. of. 
¢ 1600 Su. 


15 
MERSON 
the worker, and the other the enjoyer. 


) 


(1793) 149 Must bring you the enjoying of your 
i Montaigne (1634) 495 Alle! 
mpi hy 


oying (endzoi‘in), fl. a. [f. ENsoy 2. + 
-InG?,] That on a ae 
Se Ounceny Bently Wks Vit-ay Ta the same cheer 
bo ad 1 QUINCEY oat _ VII. 


ENJOYINGLY. 
oyingly (endzoiinli), adv. [f. prec. + 
a yingly (endgoiiy P 


In an enjoying manner ; with enjoyment. 

1835 Fraser's Mag. XI. 568 To recognise most enjoyingly 
‘original’ reflections and ‘novel’ remarks. 1877 FURNIVALL 
Leopold Shaks, Introd. 114 acon dale took enjoyingly the 
pleasures. .that the fates provided. 

Enjoyment (endgoimént). Also 7-8 injoy- 
ment. [f. Ensoy v. + -MENT.] 

1. The action or state of deriving gratification 
from an object. Also, in weaker sense, the posses- 
sion and use of something which affords pleasure 
or advantage. Const. of 

1553. BRENDE Q. Curtius 119 (R.) Why do you doubt for 
the enioyment of those thinges to breake out of this imprison- 
ment? 1665 Maney Grotius’ Low-C. Warres 378 Injoy- 
ment of many Lands. 1718 Lapy M. W. Montacus Le?¢z, II. 
lvi. 86 The honest English squire. .believes..that..there is 
no perfect enjoyment of this life out of Old England. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 212 He would protect the Esta- 
blished Church in the enjoyment of her legal rights. a7 
Sparrow Servm. xxiii. 312 The depth of the peace whic! 
flows from the enjoyment of his love. ; 

2. Gratification, pleasure ; covcr. something which 
gives pleasure. 

1665 Boyt Occas. Refi. v. iii. (1675) 305 He cuts them 
off, in the height of their Injoyments. 1732 BrrKELey 
Akifhr. 1. § 9 Food, drink, sleep, and the like animal enjoy- 
ments being what all men like and love. 1842 Miss Mitrorp 
in L’Estrange Zz/e III. ix. 154 Such a life might have had 
its enjoyments even in London. 1874 Lapy Barker Stat. 
Life in N. Z. iv. 25 We ..were only fit for the lowest phase 
of human enjoyment—warmth, food, and sleep. 

+ Enjoy'se, v. Obs. [ad. OF. enjozss- extended 
stem of enjoir, f. en- (see En-!) + jotr (mod. F. 
jouir) to enjoy.] ref. and znxtr. To make oneself 
joyful; to be delighted, rejoice. Const. of 

¢ 1470 HarpinG Chron, xvi. vi, Of euill gotten good the 
third should not enioyse. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 430 Of 
whiche good lyf and chyldehode his debonayr moder enioys- 
yng hirself sayd ofte tymes, etc, 

Enjubard, var. of ENJEOPARD v. Obs. 

Enjudge: see En- pref! 3. 

+ E-njury, obs. form of Insurz v. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. Ixvi. 115 a/t 
He was sey content wyth hym, estemyng to be eniuryed 
bi the wordes aforesayd. 

Enk, obs. form of Inx. 

+Enke‘nnel, v. Ods. Also 6 inkennel. [f. 
En-1+ Kenyeu.] ¢vans. To lodge as in a kennel. 

1577-87 Ho.insHeD Chron. III. 1029/2 Comming to S. 
Leonards hill. they [Ket’s followers] inkennelled themselues 
there on the same hill. 1603 Davies Microcosmos 84 (D.) 
[Diogenes] that alwaies in a tub enkennell’d lies. ; 

+Evnker, adv. Obs. rare. [a. OF. encré lit. 
‘inked,’ in phrase vert encré dark green.] In ME. 
phrase exkergrene, dark green. 

c 1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Knt. 150 Ouer-al enker grene. did, 
“4 Pe kny3t in pe enker grene. 

nkerchief: see EN- pref.1 1 a. 

+Emnkerly, adv. Ovs. In 4 encrely, en- 
kerly, enkrely, ynkirly, -urly, 5-6 inkirly. 
[Origin uncertain; possibly a. ON. *einkarliga 
(cf. mid.Da. exkorlig adj. especial) f. ezkar- prefix; 
specially, very (=ezwkan- whence ezxkanliga espe- 
cially). But this is not quite satisfactory with re- 
gard to the sense. Cf. Sc. zkirt ‘anxious’ (Jam.).] 
Earnestly, heartily, fervently. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 301 For he thocht ay encrely To do 

his deid awysily. did. vit. 183 The kyng..slepit nocht full 
kurly. did. x. 534 He has seyn The Erll sa ynkirly 
ym set Sum sutelte or [wile] to get. c1375.Sc. Leg. Saints, 
Andreas 678 For pat I has Tufte be lange enkrely. ? @ 1400 
Morte Arth. 507 Thene the emperour was egree, and 
enkerly fraynes Pe answere of Arthure. 1513 DouGLas 
Atneis vi. i. 8 The kyng .. inkirly from his hart Maid this 
orisone. 
ernel: see En- pref.1 1a. 

Enkindle (enkind’l), v. Also 6 enkendle, 
6-8 inkindle. [f. En-1+ KinD1e z.] 

1. trans. To cause (a flame, etc.) to blaze up. 
Chiefly fig. to excite (passions, war, etc.). 

1583 Stanyuurst Aeneis u. (Arb.) 63 Whose sight thy 
passion angrye Enkendleth. 1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 
38 A short blazd straw-fire, to tinde or inkindle Hell-fire. 
1652 Br. Patrick Fun. Sern. in F. Smith's Sel. Disc. 533 
He who inflames our souls with love to God, will certainly 
enkindle a subordinate love within us to himself. «@ 1691 
Boyte Wks. VI. 531 (R.) The apprehension ..ran..of its 
[the Fire of Toadonl being inkindled with design by the 
French and Dutch. 1751 NOOK Rambler No. 185 ?7 
Fresh remembrance of vexation must still enkindle rage. 
1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 307 All parties had cautious; 
avoided enkindling acivil war. 1819 Month. Mag. XLVIII. 
= Beka poetic fury appears to have been first enkindled in 

mer by the appearance of the five first books of Klop- 
stock’s Messiah. im Kinestey Andromeda 329 In her 
heart new life was enkindled. : 

2. To set (a combustible) on fire. In lit. sense 
Obs. or arch. ; ¢ 

1548 Upatt etc. Evasm. Par. Rom. xiii. (R.) Nor let us 
extinguish the smoldering flaxe, but enkendle it. 1638 
Wixins New World iii. (1707) 29 Such solid Orbs, that by 
their swift Motion might heat and enkindle the adjoining 
Air. 1747 Hates in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 582 (2) Some 
Means ..to inkindle the sulphureous Vapours. 1794 T. 
Taytor Pausanias’ Descr. Greece I. 43 But then the pieces 
of wood. . were enkindled without fire, 

b. fig. To inflame with passion, desire, etc. 
+ Former const. ¢o (an action, object of pursuit). 


189 


1561 T. Norton Calvin's Iust. 1. xvi. (1634) 662 They 
shall hereby be the more inkindled to the endevor of re- 
nuing. 1605 SHaxs. Macd. 1. iii. 120 That trusted home, 
age yet enkindle you unto the Crowne. @1619 DANIEL 
Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 25 The King ..inkindled with this 
affront, spared not his Person, to auenge his wrath. 1628 
Br. Hatt Old Relig. 34 He is inwardly inkindled to an in- 
deauour of good. 1834 Disrauii Rev. Epick ut. xiii. 10 
That voice that like a trump Their blood enkindled. 

ce. transf. To light up, illuminate. 

aT Lowet, Study Wind. 114 That literary heaven.. 
artificially enkindled from behind. 1876 SwinsurNeE Lvechth. 
1372 And the light of their eyeballs enkindled so bright with 
the lightnings of death. 

+3. intr. To take fire ; to burst forth in flame. 

1553 Grimatp tr. Cicero's Duties (¢ 1600) 87 a, Those things 
wherunto most men inkindled with greedinesse bee haled. 
1671 SALMON Syz. Med. 1. xxxvii. 84 Wet Hay laid together 
--soon inkindles. 1747 Hares in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 584 
Those who have been on high Hills have observed Lighten- 
ing to inkindle among the Clouds. 

Enkindled (enkind’ld), #7. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1.] In the senses of the verb. 

1549-62 SrerNHoLp & H. Ps. cvi. 29 And in his so in- 
kindled wrath the plague upon them broke. 1595 Suaks. 
John w. ii. 163 Eyes as red as new enkindled fire. 1713 
Deruam Phys.-Theol. 1. iii. 21 Lightening, and other en- 
kindled Vapours. 1877 Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser. 11. 257 The 
enkindled summits of the soul. 


Enkindler (enkindloz). [f. EnKiypLy v.+ 
-ER.] One who or that which enkindles. 

1853 Bowrine in Fraser’s Mag. XLVIII. 350 A lamp.. 
when enkindled, is Th’ enkindler of a thousand. 1868 
Contemp. Rev. 1X. 563 The Irish Government. .has been... 
not the enkindler, not the leader, not the abetter of aggressive 
Protestantism in Ireland. 


Enkindling (enkindlin), p77. a. 
+-ING.] That enkindles. 

1626 T. H. tr. Caussin’s Holy Crt. 93 The enkindling 
tinder of his lust. 1674 N. Farrax Bulk & Selv.121 Until 
this loses its enkindling leavening strength. 1817 COLERIDGE 
Biog. Lit. 297 For this is really a species of animal magnet- 
ism, in which the enkindling reciter. .lends his own will and 
apprehensive faculty to his auditors. 

Enlabyrinth: see En- pref) 1 a. 

Enlace (enléis), v. Also 4-6 enlase, 6, 9 in- 
lace. [a. F. enlace-r = Pr. enlassar, Sp. enlazar, 
Pg. enlagar, It. inlacctare :—late L. *inlactare, {. 
in- (see In-) + */act-ws (OF. das Lace, snare = It. 
laccio, Sp. lazo):—L. lagueus noose. Cf. L, zla- 
gueare. In later use taken as f. En-1 + Lace.] 

1. “rans, To lace about, encircle tightly with 
many folds or coils. Also fig. 

c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. iv. 13 Pat man..enlacep hym in 
pe cheyne wip whiche he may be drawen. 1430 Lypa. Chrov. 
Troy i. xxx, To perce nerfe and vayne And them enlace in 
his [Cupid’s] fyry chayne. 1502 Ord. Crystexn Men(W. de W. 
1506) I. li. 17 ‘l'o breke the bondes of the deuyll, of y° whiche 
hehymheldeenlasyd. 1587’ Turberv. 7vag. 7. (1837) 163 And 
felt himselfe enlaste in love. 1859 TENNENT Cey/on II. 1x. 
vi. 520 The figs, and particularly the banyan. .speedily seize 
upon the palmyra, enlacing it with their nimble shoots. 1877 
Daily News 26 Dec. 3/1 They will enlace him in the coils 
of their red tape. 

b. transf. To surround closely, enfold, embrace. 

1633 P. Fretcner Purple Isl. v. xi, The second all the 
city round enlaces. — £Uisa@ ii. 49 While he again her in 
his arms enlac’d. 1865 CaRLYLE /*vedk. Gt. IX. xx. v. 78 The 
old Town... is enlaced..by a set of lakes and quagmires. 

2. To interlace, entwine, entangle. Also fg. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v.i. 149 Pe questioun of be deuyne 
purueanceis enlaced wipmany oper questiouns. 1509 BarcLay 
Shyp of Folys (1570) 241 The violet. .in bosome by me alway 
I beare, The same oft time inlased with my heare. 1868 
Hawtuorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) I. 65 The leafy boughs 
and twigs of the underbrush enlace themselves. 1870 Morris 
Earthly Par. 11. 1v. 200 His fingers lovingly enlaced By 
other fingers. ; 

3. To cover as with a network. 

1850 Kinestey A/t. Locke xxxvi. (1879) 375 The vast plains 
of Hindostan, enlaced with myriad silver rivers and canals. 

+4. [See Untace, Lace vds.] To take off (the 
wings of a bird) in carving. Ods. 

c 1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture in Babees Bk. (1868) 142 
Take capoun or hen so enlased, & devide. 

Hence Enla‘ced Af/. a. 

1851 Mrs. BrowninG Casa Guidi W. 56 Doth he..Keep 
aes: -with inlaced Bare brawny arms about his favourite 
child. 

Enlacement (enléismént). [f. Entace v. + 
-MENT.] The action of enlacing; the condition 
of being enlaced. 

1830 Soutuey Vg. Dragon 1. 87 His tail about the imp he 
roll’d; In fond and close enlacement. 1888 Blackw. Mag. 
Feb. 174 Joyce detached herself suddenly from that close 
enlacement, | 

Enla‘cing, v//. sd. [f. as prec. +-1NG.] = prec. 

1633 P. Fretcuer Purple Isl. 55 The moat of glasse is 
named from that enlacing. 

Enlaik: see INLAKE. 

+ Enla‘ngoured, A//. a. Obs. [ad. OF. ex- 
langouré, f. en- (see En- pref.1) + dangour (mod. F. 
langueur):—L. languor-em iaener| Languid, pale. 

c¢1400 Rom. Rose 740x Of such a colour enlangoured, 
Was Abstinence. 

Enlanguish, Enlap: see En- Jref.! 3. 

+ Enla‘rd, v. Ods. Also 6-7 inlard. [f. En-1 
+ Larp.] ¢vans. a. To lard, fill with lard or fat ; 
in quots. fig. b.=INTERLARD, ; 

1556 Asp, PARKER Psalter cxix, 351 Inlarded is their hart 


[f. as prec. 


ENLARGE. 


with pride. 1606 Saks. 7. § Cr. 11. iii. 205 That were to 
enlard his fat already pride. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 11. 
iv. 1. i, A fifth part of the world. .so inlarded and interlaced 
with several superstitions. 

Enlarge (enla-1dz), v. Also 4 enlargen, 7 
enlardge, 6-8 inlarge. [a. OF. exlarge-r, en- 
largir, {. en- (see En-1) + large (see LARGE). 
Some of the mod.Eng. uses are influenced by those 
of Fr. dargir, OF. eslargir, alarger (see ALARGE).] 

I. To make larger. 

1. zvans. To render more spacious or extensive ; 
to extend the limits of (a territory, enclosure, etc.) ; 
to widen (boundaries). 

In later use this merges in the more generalized sense 2; 
the fig. applications in 3 however remain distinct. 

c1400 Maunpev. v. 45 Thei may not enlargen it [Egypt] 
toward the desert, for defaute of watre. c1420 Padlad. 
on Husb. 1. 316 The fundament enlarge it half a foote Out- 
with the wough. 1535 CoverDALe Yer. xxxi. 38 The cite 
of y® Lorde shalbe enlarged from the towre of Hananeel, 
vnto y® gate of the corner wall. @ 1687 Petty Pol. Arith. 72 
Any Prince willing to inlarge his Territories, will give, etc. 
1748 HartLey Odserv. Man. ii. § 1. 123 Grinding inlarges 
the sphere of their attractions. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. 
xv. 164 He willrear himself upon his hind-legs to enlarge his 
circle of vision. 2 

2. To increase the size of (a material object) ; 
to add to, augment (a literary work, a person’s 
wealth, the number or amount of anything). For- 
merly also (cf. uses of /arge) with reference to 
intensive magnitude: to increase (a person’s re- 
nown, the force of anything, etc.).  +Sometimes 
with ozd¢ (obs.rare). Also, to increase in apparent 
size, magnify. Also adsol. 

¢ 1380 Axtecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 120 Pe deuyl 
shal enlarge his taile more wickudly in be eende of be 


worlde. 1576 FreminG Panoplie Ep. 117 That the dignitie 
of Plancus might be augmented, & his honour inlarged. 
1591 SPENSER MZ. Hudbberd 745 ‘T’enlarge his breath, (large 


breath in armes most needfull). 1594 Carew tr. Huarte 
Exant, Wits (1616) 280 By means whereof it extendeth and 
enlargeth out the naturall heat. 1614 RateiGu Hist, World 
II. 1v. vil. § 1. 246 He.. enlarged the Centurions of Horse- 
men. 1628 Hospes 7hucyd. (1822) 57 The Athenians much 
enlarged their own particular wealth. 1683 SaLmon Doron 
Med, 1. 155 It inlarges its Narcotick Force. a@1687 Pitty 
Pol. Arith, x. 116 Selling of Lands to Foreigners for Gold 
and Silver, would inlarge the Stock of the Kingdom. 1703 
Rowe Fair Penit.1.i. 202 Enthusiastick Passion. .Enlarg’d 
her Voice. 1732 Pore Ef. Cobham 1. 35 Fancy’s beam en- 
larges, multiplies, Contracts. 1742 Younc Wt, 7h. 1v. 462 
O how is man inlarg’d, Seen thro’ this medium. 1774 Mon- 
Boppo Language (ed. 2) 1, Pref. 10 In this second edition, 
so much inlarged. 1810 Scotr Lady of L.1.xxxiv, Slowly 
enlarged to giant size. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 126 The 
spleen is found enormously enlarged. 1866 WaLcott Cathedr. 
Reform. in Ch. §& World 15 At the very time when the num- 
bers and learning of parish clergy were rapidly being en- 
larged. 1883 Manch. Exant. 24 Oct. 5/1 Their salaries will 
be enlarged out of the episcopal and capitular incomes. 

+b. To magnify, exaggerate in statement. Also, 
to set forth at length. Ods. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary (1625) Aijb, To .. enlarge 
my paines taken in publishing the other. 1646 H. Law- 
RENCE Comm Angells 23, I shall not enlarge this now 
particularly. 1703 MAUNDRELL Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 15 The 
Asiatick way of enlarging. 1728 Morcan Algiers I. iii. 52 
Report generally inlarges matters. 

+e. intr. Zo enlarge on: to make an addition 
to (a plan); to amplify (a hint). Obs. (Cf. 5 b.) 

171x Appison Sfect. No. 58 P 13 It is so very easy to en- 
large upon a good Hint. 1790 PaLey Hore Paul. i. 8,1 
have so far enlarged upon this plan, as to take into it, etc. 
1800 Med. Frnl. 1V. 233 Those gentlemen .. will .. enlarge 
on the plan I have hinted thus lightly. 

3. Figurative applications of 1. 

a. To extend the range or scope of. ‘+ Also, 
to spread, promote the diffusion of (a belief) (ods-). 

1583 Even 7veat. Newe Ind. Title (Arb.) 3 God is glori- 
fied and the Christian fayth enlarged. 1594 Hooker /cc/. 
Pol. 1. iii, We somewhat more enlarging the sence thereof. 
1656 H. Puitirrs Purch. Patt. (1676) 139 To enlarge this 
Table, that so it may shew not only .. half inches, but the 
quarters, or tenth parts of Inches. 1668 in PAz/. Trans. 
II. 3 The endeavours of the Authour for the improving and 
enlarging his Philosophical Commerce. 1742 RicHARDSON 
Pamela IV. 102 Till I have catch’d her a little inlarging 
her innocent Freedoms, as she calls them, 1782 PRriesTLEY 
Corr. of Christianity II. x. 244 Justinian greatly enlarged 
this kind of authority. 1884 Eart Secsorne in Law Times 
Rep. New Ser. L. 3 He cannot..enlarge in his own favour 
the legal..operation of the instrument. 

b. To widen, render more comprehensive (a 
person’s thoughts, sympathies, affections) ; to ex- 
pand, increase the capacity of (the mind). 

1665 GLANVILL Scefs. Scé. 74 Science indeed inlargeth : 
But there’s a knowledge that only puffeth up. @1704 T. 
Brown Dk. Ormond’s Recov. Wks. 1730 1. 51 His mind 
enlarg’d, and boundless as the sky. 1736 Butter Axa. 1. 
i, Persons’ notions of what is natural, will be enlarged. 1850 
McCosu Div. Gové. u. i. (1874) 152 Geologists would enlarge 
our conceptions of Time. 1868 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. (1876) 
Il. vii. 4x His own mind was enlarged and enriched by 
foreign travel. , ) 

ec. Zo enlarge the heart: to ‘expand’, ‘swell’ 
the heart with gratitude or affection (in this sense 
sometimes with personal obj., after 2 Cor. vi. 13) ; 
now usually, to increase the capacity of the heart 
for affection, widen the range of the affections. _ 

16x Bis.e 2 Cor. vi. 11 O yee Corinthians, our mouth is 
open vnto you, our heart is enlarged. did. 13 Be ye also 


ENLARGED. 
inlar; Rouse Heav. Univ. v. x. 151 Be 
islerged. in thy return of Thanks and Gre) ashi. 


1667 Mitton P. L. vin. 590 Love refines The thoughts, and 
heart enlarges. 1741 Richarpson Pameda 11.156 My Heart 
is .. more inlarg’d with his Good and Cond i 
1848 Macautay Hist. Eng, I. 162 All hearts. .were enlarged 
and softened. ad nese ance 177 Enlarge your tastes, 
that you may en! your hearts as well as your pleasures. 
da. Zo enlarge the hand: to open the hand 

wide, be liberal. Ods. or arch. Cf. darge-handed. 

by «3 Life Father Sarpi (1676) 63 It was thought necessary 
eal im to enlarge his hand to those that managed Bread 
and wine. 

+e. To extend (the time allowed for an action) ; 
to grant or obtain an extension of time for (a 
lease, bankruptcy, etc.). Ods. S 

Puiviers Purch. Patt. (2676) B vij b, Leases .. 
lately inlarged to 60 years. 1677 Marvett Corr. cccv. 
Wks. 1872-5 II. 548 We shall perceive whether his Majesty 
thinke fit to .. inlarge the adjournment. 1725 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 6435/3 The .. Time was .. enlarged for Joseph Lacy .. 
for surrendring himself. 1812 Exam. 24 Aug. 532/t Bank- 
ruptcy Enlarged, J. Chatterton. .flour-merchant, from June 
27 to September 9. 1863 H. Cox /ustit. 1. vi. 36 An Act .. 
for enlarging the time of continuance of Parliaments. 

f. Law. Zo enlarge an estate: said of the effect 
of a release which, e.g. converts a life-interest, or 
a tenancy for a term of years, into a fee-simple or 
fee-tail. (The sense may perh. belong to branch II.) 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 97b, Releases .. sometime 
have theire effecte by force to enlarge the estate [AF. 
enlarger lestate) of them, to whome the release is made. 
1 ey Civ. Wares vu. lix, To confer First, how he 
might have her estate inlarg’d. 1818 Cruise Digest VI. 321 
If Popham..should not enlarge his estate to an estate tail. 

4. refi. (in senses 1-3.) To increase or widen in 
extent, bulk, or scope. 

1413 Lypc. Pilgr, Sowle 1. xxx. (1483) 77 Gold_wylle 
well enduren usder the hamoure enlargyng hymustt with- 
outen crasure. 1591 SHaks. 1 Hen. V/, 1. ii. 134 Glory is 
like a Circle in the Water, Which neuer ceaseth to enlarge 
it selfe, 1823 Lams £/ia Ser. 1. (1865), Enlarging themselves, 
if I may say so, upon familiarity. 1875 Jowrrt P/ato (ed. 2) 
III. 28 Our ideas will have to enlarge themselves, 

b. intr. for refl. 

1481 Caxton Myrr, un, i. 132 Yf therthe were gretter than 
the sone, thenne the shadowe of p* sone shold goo en- 
largyng. 1541 R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Fro 
whiche cometh a corde that thre fyngre brede fro the elbow 
enlargeth and compriseth all the elbow. 1756-82 J. WARTON 
Ess. Pope (1782) 1. vii. 406 The figure of Fame enlarging and 
growing every moment. 1776 Wivenisen Bot. Arrangem. 
(1796) LV. 265 The hollow very fine, but soon enlarging by 
the shrinking of the spongy flesh. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 352 
His belly began to enlarge. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) iv 
281 As our knowledge increases, our perception of the mind 
enlarges also. 1879 CarpENTER Ment. Phys. 1. ii. § 61. 62 
A sort of core .. which enlarges in the parts of the Cord 
that give off the nerve-trunks. 

+c. Of the wind, thunder; To increase in 
force. Obs. 

1628 Dicsy Voy. Medit. (1868) 15 If the wind had not 
suddainely enlarged. 1762-9 FALconer Shipwr. ut. 436 
Loud, and more loud, the rolling peals enlarge. F 

+ 5. refl. To expand (oneself) in words, give free 
vent to one’s thoughts in speech. Also, in similar 
sense, Zo enlarge one’s heart. Obs. 

1614 Raveicu //ist. World 11. v. iii. § 15. 441 It will appeare 
more commendable in wise men, to enlarge themselues, 
and to publish, etc. 165x Futter Adel Rediv., Bradford 
(1867) I, 221 He enlarged himself ina most sweet meditation, 
of the wedding garment. 1660 7rial Regic. 154, I found 
he began to inlarge his heart tome. 1678 Cupwortu /n/fel/. 
Syst. 1. i. § 39. 48 The Platonists frequently take occasion 
from hence to enlarge themselves much in the disparage- 
ment of Corporeal things. 

b. intr. for ref. To speak at large, expatiate. 
Const. on, upon ; formerly also simply. 

sing Soong On Ps. 3,1 shall not here inlarge to insert. 
By uTLER //ud. 11. 11, 68, I shall enlarge upon the Point. 
hoe Junius Lett. liv. 283 [He] enlarges with rapture upon 
the importance of his services, 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India 
II. v. v. 500 He was somewhat disposed to enlarge in praise of 
himself. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. I. 323 Respecting Southern 
Italy, Sicily, and the Lipari Isles, we need not enlarge 
here. 1833 Ht. Martineau Vanderput & S. vi. 99 He en- 
larged once more on the avarice and cowardice of the banks. 

I. 6. To set at ; to release from con- 
finement or bondage. mewhat arch. Cf. Fr. 


élargir. 

1494 Fasyan vi. cxlix, 136 In this — tyme, Gryffon, 
the yonger brother, was ‘enlargyd frome prjson, go 
Davs tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 453 b, The captiue Cardinalles 
at the length putting in suerties are inlarged. 1580 
Siwney Arcadia (1622) i a Lionesse lately — 
1605 Campen Kem. 22 Edward the third enlarged them 
first from that bondage. 1616 J. Lane Sgv.'s Tale 1x. 277 
Algarsifes soldiers .. demaundes theire General ceamagie . 
ice Hume Hist. Eng, (1806) V, Ixvii. 108 No man, after 
being — by order of court, can be recommitted for 
the same offence. 1878 Simrson Sch, Shaks, I. 39 He was 
enlarged upon sureties, 

b. sfec. in Hunting. 

1880 Daily Tel, 20 Oct., We are close to the spot where 

the stag is to be enl: . 
ce. transf, and fig. 

1593 B. Barnes in Farr S. P. Elis.(1845)1. 43 Deare Davids 
Sonne [who should from hell] .. poore sinners both inlarge 
and save. 1597 Sir W. Suincssy in Slingsby Diary (1836) 

wl - 


252 If we[ ‘bound sailors) be not inlarged within these 
20 dayes. Futter Holy War mi. viii. (1840) 130 King 
Richard would not enlarge him from the strictness of what 


was concluded, 274g Pore Odyss, iv. 796 The friendly Gods 


190 
i i ‘d. Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 
caine hawt. st Meio. oe 
a number of male insects. “ 
III. 7. To bestow liberally; to endow with 
bountiful gifts. [So OF. ir; cf. L. dargiri.) 
Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1 xliv. 73 b/x, 
He enlarged to the poore 


1657 S. Purcnas Pol, 


every way, In! jantly. 
i e great Artifex of Nature hath enlarged 


Flying Ins. 1.i. 2 
the smaller with wisd » and in 

IV. 8. Zo enlarge a horse (see quot.) [after 
OF. éargir]. 

2753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Enlarge, in the manege, is 
used for making a horse go large, that is, making him em- 
brace more ground than he before covered. z 

Hence Enlarge si., the action of setting free. 
Enla‘rgeable a., capable of being enlarged. En- 
la'rgeableness, the quality of being enlargeable. 

1608 T. MippLeton Fam. of Love(1885)1. il. 127 My absence 
may procure thy moreenlarge. 1653 SHIRLEY ert. Secret u. 
iii, I may entreat her grace’s mediation To the King for his 
enlarge. 188x Patcrave Visions Eng. Pref. 11 The more 
large or enlargeable are their technical powers. 1878 LockyER 
ro 457 If the negative is well defined—that is, if it 
possesses the quality of enlargeableness. 

ed (enlaudzd), Afi. a. [f. ENLARGE v. 


+ -xpl, 

1. Increased, widened, dilated, extended; also 
Jig. free from narrowness, liberal. 

1599 THYNNE Aximadv. Ded. 3 The mag pee contynuance 
of Youre honorable fauour. 1674 N. Matuer in Owen 
Holy Spirit (1693) Pref. 2 Abundant Cause of Enlarged 
Thankfulness. 1754 Ricnarpson Grandison (1781) V. xxxi. 
206 His enlarged heart can rejoice in the happiness of his 
friends, 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 95 More sober 
minds and more enlarged understandings. 1868 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. (1876) I. vii. 109 A sinner for whom the most 
enlarged charity could hardly plead. 

2. Liberated, set free. 

1645 Mitton 7etrach, (1851) 155 Som delightfull inter- 
missions, wherein the enlarg’d soul may leav off a while her 
severe schooling. 1886 Besant CAildr. Gibeon 1. xxxii, The 
enlarged captive. 

Hence +Enlargedly adv. in an enlarged 
manner; a. with extended meaning; b. with free 
utterance. + Enla-rgedness, the state or condition 
of being enlarged in heart, speech, etc. 

1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Czsar. 172 Lustification is taken 
.. enlargedly for that Act of God, etc. 1655 GuRNALL Chr. 
in Arm. ix. § 2 (1669) 105/1 Thou hearest how enlargedl 
they pray. 1642 G. HuGHes Serm. To Radr., If, of trut! 
and enlargednesse of heart to Christ, etc. 1646 LitpuRNE 
& Overton Oxt-cryes Oppr. Commons (ed. 2) 9 So say we 
in the inlargednesse of our soules. @ 1688 Bunyan Solomon's 
Temple xviii, God's true Gospel Church should have its 
enlargedness of heart still upward. 

Also 6-8 in- 


Enlargement (enla:1dzmént). 
largement. [f. ENLARGE v.+-MENT.] Theaction 
of enlarging ; the state of being enlarged. 

1. Increase in extent, capacity, magnitude, or 
amount; an instance of such increase. 

1564 Hawarp Extropius vi. 53 He gave the Daphnenses 
a percell of lande for the enlargemente of theyr ves or 
copyes. 1594 Hooker £ccé. Pol. 1. xi, The enlargment 
or abridgement of functions ministeriall. 1664 Evetyn Sy/va 
(1679) 4 The repetition of graffing, for the inlargement and 
mdiceation of fruit. 1736 Butter Ana/. i. 18 The vast 
enlargement of their locomotive powers. 1866 Gro. Exior 
F. Holt (1868) 46 An enlargement of the chapel. .absorbed all 
extra funds and left none for the enlargement of the minister's 
income. 1875 H. Woop Thera. (1870) 330 Malarial enlarge- 
ments of the spleen. 

b. concr. Something added so as to enlarge. 

a 1691 Boyte Wks. I, 587 (R.) Divers notes. .to be inserted 
here and there, as inlargements in the next edition. 

+2. Diffusion, propagation. Ods. Cf, ENLARGE 3a. 

1607 Hirron Wks. 1. 247 We haue not laboured the in- 
largement of Gods truth. 1644 Mitton £duc. (1738) 135 
A great furtherance to the enlargement of a truth. 

. The widening or expanding of the mind, of 
a person’s thoughts, sympathies, or affections ; the 
quality of bsg: | ‘enlarged’ in mind, thought, etc. 

1806 A. Knox Rem. (1844) 1. a His own enlargement of 

mind may raise him above.. Judaism. 1847 Emerson Refr. 
Men, Swedenborg Wks, (Bohn) I. 331 His judgments are those 
of a Swedish polemic, and his vast enlargements pure! 
+ adamantine limitations. a 1862 Buckie Civilis. (1873) 
III. iii. 182 It prepared them for a certain enlargement of 
mind, which is the natural consequence of seeing affairs 
under various aspects, oye - 

4. Copious discourse or expatiation on a subject ; 
also, verbal amplification. arch. 

1659 O. Wacker /usty. Art Oratory y 95 Doubled Sentences 
and enlargements by Synon Words. .are but necessary. 
1669 Bunyan //oly Citie 5 You must not from me look for 
much in ment. 1683 Burner tr. More's Utopia (1684) 

¢ old Men take occasion to entertain those al 
97 The old tak to entertain th bout them, 
with some useful and — Enlargements, 1741 War- 
suRTON Div, Legat. I1, 162 The Subject little needs En- 
largement. 1747 Goutp Eng. Ants Ded., I shall therefore 
for! those usual Enlargements. @1765 Matter To 
Dk. Marlb. (R.), I restrain my pen from all en 3 

5. Release from confinement or bondage. 

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIIT,c. 2 § 9 After his enlargement and 
commyng out of pryson. 16xx Biste Esther iv. 14 Then 
shall there enlargement and deliuerance arise to the Jewes 
from another place. are Seammces Paraphr. AV. ae That 
Enlargement from the Slavery of Lusts and vicious Habits. 


ENLEVE. 


sys Gornen, Nat. Hist. ata) Lii. 150 The enclosed animal 
.. by repeated at procures 
* Stonenence’ Brit. Sports 1. us iL § . 253 The eolerenee 
of the deer. 1883 Trevetyan in Daily News 24 Feb. 2/7 The 
er ge pa ht ana ahaa 

+b. Freedom of action; concr. a right of free 
action, a privilege. Obs. 

x6rx Suaxs. C; =v iii. 125 Vet yon are vee 
enlargemen: juence 0’ rown, e 
WuiraKer Wook 3 The en bestowed ae ais 
re se Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 556 Such 

and enlargement their Keculan 


its, as none of 
could ever merit. 
¢. In religious use : Conscious ‘ liberty’, absence 


of constraint, in pears, etc. arch. 

1648 Tx. Hitt of the Saints 19 Ministers 
find they have aSermon in such a place with 
very much in S 


@1733 D. Witcox in eon 
Treas. Dav. Ps. xxvii. 4 Whatustateaesmn I ove bead 


what e: ements in prayer, and answers thereto! 1x 
J. Trare Serm. Righteousn. over-m. (1758) 61 nd 
much of .. their enlargements in devotion, 1766 WrsLey 
Frnl. 31 July, I d wii 1 of heart. 


1870 AnvERSON Missions Amer. Bd. U1. xviii. 147 Church 
mem had wonderful enl and in 
prayer. 


(enla-sdgoz). Also 7 inlarger. [f. 
ENLARGE v.+-ER.] He who or that which en- 
larges. 

1. In senses of ENLARGE I-5. 

1545 UDALL, etc. Erasm. Par. (1548) Luke 191 a, See 
wien mamas ini and enl of bis denial * 
chose out for the nons. 1612 Brerewoop Z . & Relig. 
xxi. 185 Jacobus .. was in his time a mighty inlarger of 
Eutyches sect, and maintainer of his opi: 1660 Jer. 
Tayior Duct. Dudit. mu. iii. § 4 If religion be the .. en- 
larger of kingdoms. 1774 T. West Antig. Furness. (1805) 
424 The right reverend and very learned enlarger of Cam- 
den’s Britannia. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xxi. I1. 269 The author 
of the Odyssey is not identical either with the author of the 
Achilleis or his enlargers. 

+ 2. One who sets (a person) at large. Ods. 

1611 Speep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. § 8 Whereby the maine 
drift of his enlargers was not much aduanced. 

Enlarging, v2/. sd. [f. ExuarcE v. +-1NG1.] 

1. The action of ENLARGE v. in its various 
senses. 

1494 FABYAN V.Cxv. 
by enlargyng of his li 


He releuyd greatly the poore people, 
rall almes. oid, vi. clxxxvii. 189 
For the enlargynge of the Kyng. 1553 Even Treat. Newe 
Ind. (Arb.) pig Soe fyght not for the enlargeing of theyr 
dominion. a More Antid. Ath, u. ii. (1712) 41 The in- 
larging of our Understandin; bg gp Experience. @1717 
Parne.t Jo Ld. Bolingbroke (1810) 413 Where mean 
acrostics .. control The t enlargings of the boundless 
soul, 1843 Browninc Blot ’Scutcheon 1. iii, Thorold’s 
enlargings, Austin’s brevities. 

attrib. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 11. 729 The hammer used for 
—— first packet [of gold-ieaf} is called the flat, or 
the enlarging hammer. __ 5 

2. concr. An expansion, wg 

1562 Turner Hertal u. 111b, The ‘be .. healeth the 
enlarginges of wind or puls veynes. 

(enla-idzin), Af/.a. [f. ENLARGE v. 

+ -ING?2, t enlarges, in various senses. 

Hence Enla'rgingly, 


(1818) 177 Your di — as aggravated roar. 
1762-9 Vamen 3 Prom ag ile "round before the 
wind it falls. 1765 BLACKSTONE Comins, L y fos 


was an 1856 Emes 4 

Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 109 With patriotic and 
enlarging generosity. 1882 J. Parker Afost. Life I. 19 
The was to be used enlargi a 

+ se, v. Obs. 5 enlargise. 
[ad. OFr. enlargiss- lengthened stem of enlargir: 
see ENLARGE v.] ‘¢vans. a. To make , en- 
large. b. To bestow bountifully ; to vouchsafe. 

¢ 1430 —_— Lyf Manhode 1, \i,(1869) 31. He wolde..yiue 

messe enlargise it to poore erraunt 1440 J. 
Survey Dethe K. Yames (1818) Advt., The of Scottes 
hadde leve ouleteeae, and had 
the kyng of England, (for so the Kyng of Scottes clepid 
hym,) to return safe and toh tia ey a werd 
Scotteland. ¢ 1448 in X. Glouc. (1724) Il. 483 His fader in 
i largissed his marches, 


Enlead, Enleaf: see En- fref.1 1a, b. 
Enleague (enli'g), v. Also 7 inleague. [f. 
En-1+ League sé, or v.] ¢vans. To unite in or as 
gr al Ub, Eng. x. Ww. (1612) 244 Not for Mari 
1602 Ab. » X. Iv. (1622) ot for Maries 
Title, or her any vhanien Gites Think ‘that they her in- 
leagued. 1628-1677 a Resolves ove. To 
wil be 


* 


in! e an o 
Br Hrt. m. iv, I,.Could..with a willingness 


e 

ee Se ae r W. wan i mah OI) 14 
y OANNA 

reece enleagued a assem Nf nd 


nae ep pe PP 
r. 
“Enlegea ce, corruption of ALLEGEANCE!, Ods. 
Enlength, -en: see En- pref) 2, 3. 
Enlepi, variant of OnELEPY a. Ods. only. 
©1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 ich ileue on be helende crist * filium 
eius unicum * his en ee 
: see En- pref.l 3. 
+Enle've, 2. Ods. bah [a. OF. enleve-r, 
f. en- (see Ew-1) + lever to raise] trans. To 
raise (a figure) in relief; to represent in relief. 


ENLEVE. 


¢1400 Maunpev. xvii. 188 In the Plates ben Stories & 
Batayles of Knyghtes enleved [orig. exdexez]. 

|| Enlevé (anleve), a. Her. [Fr. enlevé, pa. pple. 
of enlever (see prec.).] Raised or elevated, = 
enhanced: see ENHANCE I b. 

In mod. Dicts. Ales , 

Enlevement (enlz‘vmént, aflgvman). Sv. 
Law. [Fr. enlev t, f. enl to carry off, f. 
en-:—L, inde away + lever to lift.] A carrying off 
(of a woman or child) ; an abduction. 

Sometimes employed by mod. Eng. writers merely as Fr., 
without reference to its earlier adoption. 

r Lp. PRESIDENT in Scots Mag. Sept. 687/1 As to the 
enlevement of Mignon’s child .. such enlevement happened 
in med 1748. 1818 Scott Art. Midi. i, The development, 

ment, the desperate wound etc... become a mere 
matter of course. 1852 THackeray B. Lyndon xvi, All the 
town being up about the ex/évement. 

Enle(v)en, -enth, obs. ff. ELEVEN, -TH. 

+ Enli‘berty, v. Obs. rare—!, In 6 enly- 
berte. [f. En-1+Lrperry.] trans. To put within 
the ‘liberty’ or absolute control of; to give up 
entirely. 

cxrgoo Melusine (1889) 99 T enlyberte & habaundonne it 
to them [the monkes] for theire vse. 

e: see En- prefl 2. 

+ Enlight (enlsit), v. Ods. or arch. Forms: 
1 inlihtan, -léhtan, -lyhtan, 4 ynli3te-n, 7 in- 
light, 6- enlight. [OE. zz/thtan, f. in- + lihtan 
(see Licut v.) to shine. But the word in 17- 
18th c. is prob. independently f. En-1 + Licut v, 
Cf. ALIGHT v.3] 

1. trans. To shed light upon, illuminate. Also 
Jig. and adbsol. 

¢975 Rushw, Gosp. Luke xi. 36 Swa leht legedes in-lihted 

. @x000 Guthlac 70 (Gr.), Sidéan hine inlyhte, se be 
lifes weg tum gearwad. 1382 Wycuir 2 Cor. iy. 6 God 
--hath ynliztid in oure hertis. 1605 Sytvester Du Bartas t. 

. iv. (1605-7) I. 143 Seeing the Lampe which doth enlight the 

Whole. 1634 BINGTON Castara (Arb.) 137 The Cym- 
merians, whom no ray Doth ere enlight. 1665 WiTHER 
Lord's Prayer 84 Some who have been in a good measure 
inlighted, 1675 Cocker Morals 24 How dark’s the Lesser 
Worlds sad Winters Night, When Reasons radiant Rays do 
not enlight. 1709 Porr Zss. Crit. u. 403 That sun .. En- 
a the present, and shall warm the last. : 

. trans. Zo enlight up: to light up, kindle, 
cause to shine. 

1818 Lams Sov. iii. Wks. 603 What rare witchery .. En- 
lighted up the semblance of a smile In those fine eyes. 


Enlighten (enloi‘ton), v. Forms: a. 6- en- 


lighten. 8. 4 inli3ten, 6-8 inlighten, (7 il- 
lighten). [f. En-1+Licur 5d.+-mn5: see En- 
pref. 2b. 


(As in many vbs. with the same prefix and suffix, the pre- 
cise mode of formation is doubtful. Possibly zxdighten 
(14th c.; see sense 4) was a secondary form of ndight (see 
prec.); formation on In-, En-!+ LIGHTEN v. is also possible. 
Cf. ALIGHTEN.)] . A 4 

+1. trans. To put light into, make luminous. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay i. 1 Which should take vpon 
them to enlighten the Sunne wt a Candle. 1602 WARNER 
Alb, Eng. xu. \xxviii. (1612) 323 One Sunne inlighteneth 
euery Light. 1678 Cupwortu /xfed/. Syst. 350 Thou rollest 
round the Heavens, enlightnest the Sun. a@1763 Byrom 
Thanksg. Hymn Wks. (1810) 254 And the Moon is en- 
lighten’d to govern the night. 

+b. To light, set light to (a lamp, a com- 
bustible). Ods. 

1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. iii, Now had ..all the 
lamps of heav’n inlightned bin. a@ 1634 CHApMAN Revenge 
Hon. Wks. 1873 III. 322, I ere long enlightened by my 
ie Shall be my own pile and consume to ashes. 

. To shed light upon, illuminate (an object, 
scene, etc.) ; to give light to (persons). Also adso/. 
Now chiefly oet. or rhetorical. 

161r Biste Ps. xcvii. 4 His lightnings inlightned the 
world. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. iii. § 2 (1643) 48 The element of 
fire..whose act and qualitie isto enlighten, 171 SHAFTEsB. 
Charac. (1737) U1. 372 Vital treasures which inlighten and 
invigorate th surrounding worlds. 1761 SMoLtetr Humph. 
CZ. (1815) 109 Ranelagh .. enlightened with a thousand 
golden lamps. 1784 Cowrer Jas 1. 348 Shadow and sun- 
shine. .darkning and enlightning..ev’ry spot. 1831 Brews- 
TER Newton (1855) I. iv. 80 The sun... enlightened some 
such clouds near him. 1842 Loner. Sf. Stud. 1. x, Thou 
moon. .all night long enlighten my sweet lady-love ! cb 
B. Taytor Faust (1875) I. 1. iii. 162 What fiery marvel the 
billows enlightens. 


b. fg. To throw light upon, elucidate (a 


subject). Ods. ~ 
1587 GoLpinc De Mornay xxxi. 505 Which end of the Law 
:+is greatly inlightened vnto vs by the comming of our 
Lord. 1607 Torsett Four, Beasts (1673) 464 The difference 
of Regions do very much enlighten the discription or history 
of Sheep. x604 R Burtuocce Reason 150 This Discourse 
; -will seem a little Mysterious; and, therefore, to Inlighten 
it, etc. 1738 J. Kemi Anim. Zcon. 54 By whose bright 
Genius..we see the Theory of Medicine enlightened and 
illustrated. bee ; 
+3. a. To light, give light to (a room or build- 
ing) by lamps, etc., or by windows. b. To light 
(a district, town, etc.); to furnish with lighting 
apparatus. Ods. 
Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 179 Enlightened with 44 
res or windows, artificially disposed. 1706 Lond. 
» No. 4292/3 Letters Patents for Enlightening the 
Suburbs of London .. by new invented Lights. 1737 in 
Picton L’Zool, Munic. Rec, (1886) II, 142 An Act.. for en- 


191 


— round the Dock. 1768 Chron. in Aun. Reg. 73/1 
The bill for enlightening .. the parish of St. Mary le bone 
in the county of Middlesex. 1773 Noortuouck Hist. Lond. 
599 The body is enlightened by a single series of large 
gothic windows. 1817 HucHam Walks through London 
292 A plain brick building, well enlightened. 

+4. In Biblical phrase: To remove dimness or 
blindness from (the eyes, and fig. the heart). Obs. 

1382 Wycuir Ephes.i. 18 The y3en of 3o0ure herte inli3t- 
ened. ¢ 1535 Fisner Wks. (1883) 439 He must beseche our 
sauiour Christ to ealghien his harte by clere faith. 161 
Bite 1 Sam, xiv. * ee .. how mine eyes haue beene en- 
lightened, because I tasted a little of this honie. ax 
Burxitr Ox NV. 7. Mark x. 52 He stood still, he caked 
him, and enlightened his eyes. 

5. fig. To supply with intellectual light ; to im- 
part knowledge or wisdom to; to instruct. In 
mod. use often humorously in trivial sense: To 
inform, remove (one’s) ignorance of something. 

1667 Mitton P. L. x1. 115 Reveale To Adam what shall 
come .. As I shall thee enlighten. x7xz Appison Sfect. 
No. 439 ? 5 Before the World was enlightened by Learning 
and Philosophy. x763 Jounson Ascham Wks. IV. 621 To 
inlighten their minds, and to form their manners. 1832 
Hr. Martineau Demerara ii. 28 As much as you please in 
enlightening those who are unaware of them. 1863 FR. 
Kemse Resid. Georgia 9 The moment they [slaves] are in 
any degree enlightened, they become unhappy. 1884 MZanch. 
Exam. 2 May 4/7 The letter which follows his own.. will 
enlighten him on this point. 

b. In religioususe: To supply with spiritual light. 

1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 517 Blasphemie against 
the Sonne of man is committed of the ignorant, which are 
not yet inlightned. 161xz Brste Pref. 5 (The Seuentie) were 
-- enlightened with propheticall grace. 1644 us Pop. 4 
When Civilitie began to be illightned by Christianitie. 1650 
Baxter Saints’ R. 1. iv. (1662) 677 That heavenly Light, 
wherewith your own souls were never illightened. 1877 
Moztey Univ. Serm. vi. 141 Outward nature cannot of 
itself enlighten man’s conscience. 

+6. Contextually: To revive, exhilarate. (Cf. 
lighten, brighten, in similar connexion.) Ods. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. vi. 497 He [Satan] ended, and his 
words thir drooping chere Enlightn’d. 


Enlightened (enloit’nd), 77. a. [f. En- 
LIGHTEN v. + -ED1, 

+1. That has been made luminous; blazing, 
light-giving. Ods. 

161x Cotcr., Fouldroyer, to blast with lightning, or (in- 
lightened) thunderbolts. 1803 Picotrin Phil. Trans. XCV. 
152 The enlightened stars are those that have already at- 
tained the highest degree of perfection. . 

2. That receives light from a luminous object ; 
illuminated. 

1638 Witkins New World v. (1707) 39 The nearer any en- 
lightened Body comes to the Light. 1789 Herscuen Saturn 
in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 8 We must ..see the rounding 
part of the enlightened edge. 182x Craic Lect. Drawing 
iv. 236 Part of the enlightened surface of the flesh. 

3. Possessed of mental light; instructed, well- 
informed ; free from prejudices or superstition, 

1663 Butter Hud. 1. i. 498 Prolongers to enlightned 
stuff [1689 snuff]. 1732 BerKELEy Alciphr. 1. $9 The select 
spirits of this enlightened age. 1814 D’Israrti Quarreds 
Auth, (1867) 448 Many enlightened bishops sided with the 
philosopher [Hobbes]. 1868 Pearp Water-farm. vii. 80 


.The most enlightened culture was bestowed on the bed of 


the Galway rivers. 

Hence Enli‘ghtenedness. 

1847 Soutney Doctor VI. 373 Where your enlightenedness 
(if — be such a word) consists. .it would puzzle the Devil 
to tell. 

Enlightener (enloi‘t’no1). Also 8 inlight- 
ener. [f. ENLIGHTEN v. +-ER.1] One who, or that 
which, enlightens ; one who imparts intellectual 
light, informs or instructs. Rare in physical sense. 

1582 BentLey Won. Matrones 11. 225 O mine Inlightener, 
it is thou that hast taught and instructed me. 1667 Mitton 
P.L, xu. 271 O sent from Heav’n, Enlightner of my dark- 
ness. 1750 WARBURTON Doctr. Grace, Is it possible, then, 
to suppose them [the Apostles] to be deserted by their 
divine Inlightener? 1840 Mi. Diss. § Disc., Civiliz. (1859) 
I, 187 Literature .. has almost entirely abandoned its mis- 
sion as an enlightener and improver of them [the current 
sentiments]. 1851 G. S. Faser Many Mansions (1862) The 
great Enlightener of Life and Immortality. 

+b. In pl.: The party of enlightenment, the 

‘illuminatists’. Ods. (? nonce-zse.) 

1800 Month. Mag. VIII. 597 The first practical victory 
won by the Enlighteners over their antagonists, was the 
suppression of the Order of Jesuits by Clement XIV, 

Enlightening (enloit’nin), vd/. sb. [f. En- 
LIGHTEN v, + -ING1.] The action of the verb En- 
LIGHTEN, in various senses. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. u, 82 To whome the Holy 
Gr by his enlightening shall make a new minde. 1613-16 

. Browne Brit. Past. u. v, Whose new inlightning will 

be quench’d with teares. 1665 WitHER Lord’s Prayer 67 
My Rush-candle may perhaps occasion the enlightning of 
many Torches hereafter. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. i. 
(1840) 16 To shine. .for the further enlightening the world. 

Enli‘ghtening, #//. a. [f. as prec. +-ING 2.] 
That enlightens, in various senses of the verb. 

164x Mitton Ch. Govt. Pref. (1851) 96 The supreme inlight- 
ning assistance. 1678 Norris Co//. Misc. (1699) ror "T'was 
a Crime to taste th’ inlightning Tree. 1791 Cowper Odyss. 
x. 236 Where sets The all enlight’ning sun. 1824 CoLeRipGE 
Aids Reff. (1848) I. 5 This seeing light, this enlightening 
eye, is reflection. 

Enlightenment (enloi't’nmént). [f. as prec. 
+-MENT.] 


ENLIST. 


1. The action of enlightening ; the state of being 
enlightened. Only in fig. sense (see ENLIGHTEN v. 
5). The imparting or receiving mental or spiritual 
light. 

Pg: Le Branc in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixxxiv. 13 
His lightnings, that is his divine enlightenments, are best 
seen. 1798 Month, Mag. VI. 554 A truth.. the power of 
comprehending which implies a high degree of enlighten- 
ment. 1846 W. H. Mity Five Sermons (1848) 5 The high- 
est spiritual enlightenment. 1855 Dickens Left. (1880): . 
398, I should be ready to receive enlightenment from any 
source. 1860 Froupe Hist. Eng. V. 3 He imagined. .that 
an age of enlightenment was at hand. 188 W. Cotuins 27. 
Robe I. ii. 16, I needed no further enlightenment. 

2. Sometimes used [after Ger. Aufklirung, Auf- 
klareret| to designate the spirit and aims of the 
French philosophers of the 18th c., or of others 
whom it is intended to associate with them in the 
implied charge of shallow and pretentious intel- 
lectualism, unreasonable contempt for tradition and 


authority, etc. 

1865 J. H. Stirtinc Secret of Hegel p. xxvii, Deism, 
Atheism, Pantheism, and all manner of zsvzs due to En- 
lightenment. Jd7d. p. xxviii, Shallow Enlightenment, sup- 
ported on such semt-information, on such weak personal 
vanity, etc. 1889 Cairp Philos. Kant 1. 69 The individual- 
istic tendencies of the age of Enlightenment. 

Enli‘mn, v. Ols. In 5-6 en-, inlymn. [f. 
En-1+Liun: see ENLUMINE.] trans. a. To illu- 
minate (a book) ; = ENLUMINE 4. b. To paint in 
bright colours. 

1453 Test. Edor. (1855) II. 190, j par of tables enlymned 
with Seyntes. 1530 Parser. 536/1, I enlymnye, as one en- 
lymneth a boke, /e endumine. This boke is well written 
and richely enlymned, Ce diure est bien escript et richement 
enluminé, 1603 Sir C. Hevpon Yud. Astrol. ii. 71 Origen 
called heauen a booke, in which God hath as it were inlymned 
all that his pleasure is should come to passe in this world. 

Enlink (enliyk), v. Also 6 enlincke, -lynck, 
inlin(e)k. [f. En-1+ Liyx.]  fvans. To fasten 
as with links; link together as in a chain; to 
Join in company wth; to connect closely; 77. and 
fe. Const. 27, to, with. 

1560 Daus tr. Sleidane’s Comm, 193 a, Cities of the Empire 
inlincked with the Protestantes. 1567 Drant Horace’ E:pist. 
To Rdr. *iiij, Maruaile that I wil now any longer enlincke 
my selfe in things so small. 1596 SpeNSER /. Q. v. iv. 3 
‘That lovely payre, Enlincked fast in wedlockes loyall bond. 
1599 Suaks. //en. V, 111. iii. 18 Fell feats, Enlynckt to wast 
and desolation. 1813 Scotr 7y7erm, 11. xxx, Maids enlinked 
in sister-fold. 1846 Dr Quincey Christianity Wks. XII. 
264 The one idea is enlinked with the other. 1883 T. 
Watts in 19th Cent. Mar. 415 Coleridge was enlinked to 
modern life and thought. 

Hence Enli‘nked 7//. a.; Enlinkment (rare), 
a linking on. 

1599 Nasue Lenten Stuffe (1871) 50 The inlinked con- 
sanguinity betwixt him and Lady Lucar. 1881 Athenwum 
17 Sept. 370/2 The enlinkment of Condate with the camp 
at Kinderton near Middlewich. 

Enlist (enlist), v, Also 8 inlist. [f. Ex-1+ 
List sd. or v. 

If from the sb., possibly suggested by Du. zzdi7sten to in- 
scribe on a list or register. So far as our quots. show, the vb. 
Zist (now usually written ’//s¢ as if aphetic) occurs consider- 
ably earlier than evd/st, and may possibly be its source. 
The form zxdist, now wholly disused, was in 18th c. much 
the more frequent. ] 

1. ¢vans. To enrol on the ‘list’ of a military 
body ; to engage as a soldier. 

1698-9 E. Luptow Mem. III. 99 That the like number 
was enlisted [ed. 1751 inlisted] under my command in the 
western parts of England. 1755 Jounson, List, to enlist 
[the word is not under Zx- or /n-]. 1762 Gentl. Mag. 1 
The Dutch .. were very busy inlisting men. 1776 GisBon 
Decl. & F. 1. xiii. 272 The bravest of their youth he enlisted 
among his land or sea forces. 1858 FonsLranque How We 
are Governed 99 The number of soldiers to be employed, 
and the terms upon which they shall be enlisted. 

2. transf. and fig. To engage (a person) for 
domestic service (Azmorous) ; to secure (a person 
or his services) as an aid in any enterprise; to 
range (persons) in a particular class, or (feelings, 
etc.) in support of a cause; to make (natural 
forces, science, etc.) available for a special purpose. 

1753 SMoLLETT C¢. Fathom (1784) 90/1 He likewise in- 
listed another footman and valet de chambre into his service. 
1781 Cowper Conversation 205 A graver fact, enlisted on 
your side, May furnish illustration well applied. 1791 Bos- 
WELL Johnson an. 1738 He was .. inlisted by Mr. Cave as 
a regular coadjutor in his magazine. 1826 Q. Rev, XXXIV. 
117 It was clever to inlist on his side those venerable pre- 
judices. 1837 Disrarti Venetia ww, ix. (1871) 259 So he re- 
solved to enlist the aunt as his friend. 1842 W. Morcan 
in Abdy Water-cure (1843) 218 The continued use of such 
liquors... enlists the moderate man into the ranks of the 
drunkard. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. ii, (1880) 31 The 
Reformers early enlisted music in their service. 1884 Manch. 
Exam. 4 June 5/1 To enlist public interest in the wretched 
lot of the Dorsetshire labourer. 


3. ref. Chiefly in sense 1. 


seded by 4. : 

1750 Jounson Ramébi, No. 19 ® 4 That class in which he 
should inlist himself. 1774 Cuesterr. Lett. I. 72 The 
people .. refused to enlist themselves in military service. 
1783 Watson Philip [IT (1839) 57 [He] persuaded many of 
his countrymen to enlist themselves under his banners. 

4. intr. for refl. To have one’s name inscribed 
in a list of recruits; to engage for military service. 
Also ¢ransf. and fig. 


Now rare: super- 


ENLISTMENT. 


1776 Gisson Decl. & F. 1. vii. 137 His victory was re- 

ded +-ap to inlist in the troops. 1790 
Beatson Nav. § Mil. Mem. 1. 274 Part of them inlisted 
with the Corsicans. 1793 Burke Conduct of Minority Wks. 
VII. 265 The former class .. would be y to enlist in the 
faction of the enemy. 1840 Dickens Barn, wy A xxxi, A 
carter in pegetbens seemed wavering and disposed to 
enlist. 1865 H. Puitiirs Amer. Paper Curr. 11. 100 Specie 
was also proposed as a bounty to induce men to enlist. 

Hence Enlisted #//. a., enrolled for military 
service. Enli‘ster, one who enlists men for mili- 
tary service ; a recruiting officer. Emnlitsting vol, 
sh,, the action of the vb. Entist; also attrib. 

1724 Briton 118 The enlisted Men were, for the most part, 
Irish Papists. 1882 Hinspate Garfield § Educ. 431 The 
majority of the twenty-five thousand enlisted men in the 
army are native-born citizens. 1865 CarLyLe Fredk. Gr. 
VIII. xix. ix. 272 The whole German Reich was deluged 
with secret Prussian Enlisters. 1807 J. MARrsHALL Const. 
Opin. iv. (1839) 50 The mere enlisting of men without as- 
sembling them is not levying war. 1846 M CuLLocn Acc. 
Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 443 The enlisting money and other 
expenses. 


Enlistment (enlistmént). [f. Enuist v.+ 
-MENT. Gh 

1. The action or process of enlisting men for 
military service ; the action of engaging oneself 
for military service. Also fig. and aftrib. 

1 T. Hurcuinson Hist. Col. Mass. i. 139 Lest there 
malt not be a voluntary inlistment, 18r0 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Disp. VI. 78 The enlistment of persons of this de- 
scription in the corps of this army. 1 Sata in Daily 
Tel. 27 July, By enlistment huts and rendezvous tents for 
the army and navy. 1871 Macpurr Mem. Patmos viii. 
108 Different subjects for the enlistment of their immortal 
energies. 1879 Soldiering in Cassells Techn. Educ. 11. 
139 The smooth-sounding title of ‘lowering the standard of 
enlistment’. 

2. ‘The document by which a soldier is bound’ 
(Webster). ? U.S. only. 

+ Enli-ve, v. Ods. Also 7 inlyve, -live. See 
Enuire (En. 2). [f. En-1 + Lure; cf. the pl. Zves.] 

1. ¢vans. To impart natural or spiritual life to, 
animate (a body, an individual). Also fig. 

1593 NasHE Christs’ 7. (1613) 158 The diuel, who .. goes 
and enliueth such licentious shapes. 1616 R. CARPENTER 
Past. Charge 45 Seruants of the Lord, quickned and enlived 
with the spirit of grace and power of godlinesse. 1633 Br. 
Hatt Hard Texts, N. T. 233 The body of the first man 
.. was informed and enlived by a living and reasonable 
soule. 1642 J. BALL Amsw. Can ii. 71 The true church of 
God, all whose members were not. .spiritually enlived. 

fransf, 1642 Sir E. Derine Sp.on Relig.110 There wanteth 
.. the formall power that should actuate and enlive the 
worke. a1659 Osporn Queries Wks. (1673) 606 The Spring 
by which a small Watch is Inlived. 

2. To impart freshness and vivacity to; to make 
lively; to cheer. Also to revive (beauty). 

1617 [see Entivinc]. 1628 C. Potter Consecr. Serm. (1629) 
71 His speech should be .. quickned and enlived with ac- 
tion. 1647 J. Cotton Sing. Ps. i. 5 The sound of the 
Harpe. .quickned and enlived as it.were by a spirituall song. 
1649 Lovetace Poems 19 Loysa’s pencills.. With which she 
now enliveth more Beauties, then they destroy’d before. 

Hence Enli‘ving, v#/. sb. 

1602 Hieron Answ. Popish Rime To Rdr., The well 
neere breathlesse body of poperie beginneth to entertaine 
some hope of a new enliuing. 1617 — II. 60 The singing 
of a psalme..is a notable meanes for the enliuing and 
stirring vp of our dull spirits. 1631 R. H. Arraignm. 
Whole Creature xx. 334 Wanting that vivification, in- 
lightning and inliving, which is from that Sonne of 
Righteousnesse. 


Enliven (enloiv’n), v. [f. Ex-1+ Lire + -En5; 
see ENLIVE.] 
+1. trans. To give life to; to bring or restore 


to life ; to animate (as the soul the body). Ods. 

1633 Eart Mancu. Ad Mondo (1636) 14 Death .. is but a 
departed breath from dead earth, inlivened at first by breath 
cast upon it. 1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv, 28 That 

hostly being which enlivens the body of man. 1681 
Suen Angler's Vade-m. xxxviii. § 12.(1689) 248 Leaving 
it [i.e. spawn] to be enlivened by the sun’s heat. 1 
Westey Wks, (1872) VII. 478 When God hath raised as 
body, he can enliven it with the same soul that inhabited 
it before. 

2. To give fuller life to; to animate, inspirit, 
pris, eg physically or spiritually; to quicken 
(feelings), stimulate (trade, etc.). 

1644-52 J. Smiru Sed. Disc, vu. iv. (1821) 333 The Divinity 
derives itself into the souls of men, enlivening and transform- 
ing them into its own likeness. 1659 HAMMonD Ox Ps. cxix. 

Paraphr. 598 To inliven me to a pious virtuous life. 1677 

ARRANTON Lung. /mprov. —— is no way .. to inliven 
Trade..but this way. 1679 PLor Staffordsh. (1686) 384 For 
enlivening old trees. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 1.51 They came 
out of that Bath .. much enlivened and strengthened in 
their Joynts. @1745 Swirt(J.), A small quantity of fresh 

is.. very much enlivens it (the fire]. 1799 Dunpas in J. 
Owen Wellesley's Disp. 640 The bullion which has been 
sent from this country .. has tended to enliven your circu- 
lation, 1827 C. BrinGes Zxfos. Ps. cxix. (1830) 15 What is 
the motive that enlivens the believer in the pursuit of more 
extended spiritual knowledge? 


3. To make ‘lively’ or cheerful, cheer, exhila- 
tate ; to impart liveliness to, relieve the monotony 
of, diversify agreeably (circumstances, conditions) ; 
to seg “peg render cheerfal in appearance. 

1691 Ray Creation (1714) 179 Their eminent Ends and 

ses in illuminating enlivening the Planets. 1711 

ppison Sect, No. ro P 1, I shall endeavour to enliven 


ev'ry Shade, Burney L£velina (1784) Il. i. 3 
Our house has been enlivened by the arrival of a 
London visitor. 1824 Dispin L767. a ae 
to seep ecempanicn be ven. 1858 Doran 
Crt. Fi 6x The Jews. ves em jesters to 
enliven their own a owett Plato 
(ed. 2) IV. 504 A picture, which is well wn in outline, 
but is not yet enlivened by colour. 


Hence Enli-vened, #//. a.; Enli-vener, he who 
or that which enlivens. 

1640 W. Brivce True Souldiers Convoy — bein; 
nothing els but enlivened contrariety. 1665 Pare 
Odes, Destiny i, Lo, of themselves th’enlivened chesmen 
move. 1678 Cupwortu Intell. Syst. 793 This Enlivened 
Terrestrial Body, or Mortal man. — Consid. Ex- 
per. §& Nat. Philos. 1. ii. 43 He calls Him the Preserver, or 
.. the enlivener of them all. 1x Mrs, Detany Corr. 
Ser. u. II. 34 The deer .. are beautiful enliveners of every 
scene. 1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 332 He was the enlivener 


and inspiriter of conversation. 1874 Hartwic Aerial W. 
ee scho, the oe enlivener of the silent glen. 
at eR,: (enlai-v’nin), vb/, sd. fe prec. 
+-1ING1.] a. The action of the vb. ENLIVEN. 
b. concr. Something that enlivens. 
, 1628-1677 Fevtuam Resolves t. Ixxxiv (R.), The good man 
is full ofjoyful enlivenings. 1674 N. Famrax Buck § Selo. 
141 Without insouling or inlivening of it [the body]. 1772 
Ann. Reg. 48/1 One of the greatest objects of his [Sully’s] 
policy..was the enlivening the provinces by agriculture, 
the true source of riches. 1859 R. Burton Centr. Afr. in 
Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXX. 21 Central Africa. .apy upon 
the maps a blank of white paper, with enlivenings of 
ostriches and elephants. 

Enli-vening, ///. a. [f. Exuiven v. + -1NG?.] 
That enlivens; in the senses of the verb. 

1664 H. More J/yst. /nig. iv. 9 The sincere doctrine and 
enlivening spirit of the Gospel of Christ. 1746-7 Hervey 
Medit. (1818) 107 Does the grape refresh you with its en- 
livening juices? cx Imison Sch. Art 1. 105 This en- 
isons gualty in air is also destroyed by the air’s passing 
throug . 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter t. 34 The enlivening 
talk has made a guest forget ‘The lang Scots miles’. 

Hence Enli-veningly, adv. 

1867 Morning Star 19 July, The people .. became more 
numerous, and at times enliveningly demonstrative. 

Enlivenment (enloi‘v’nmént). [f. EntIvEN v. 
+-MENT.] The action of enlivening; thestate or fact 
of being enlivened ; concr. something that enlivens. 

1883 Harfer’s Mag. Apr. 688/1 Not to mention an occa- 
sional kermesse and other enlivenments. 

Enlock (enlgk), v. Also 7-9 inlock. [f. En-1 
+Lock v.] trans. To lock up, shut in, enclose, 
hold fast. Also fig. 

1596 Spenser F.(. tv. Prol.4 My soveraigne Queene, In 
whose chast brest all bountie naturall And treasures of true 
love enlocked beene. 1812 Craspe ales xxi. Wks. 1834 V. 
248 He observed .. His friend enlock’d within a lady’s arm, 
1831 CarLyLe Sart. Res. (1858) 123 Inlock both Editor and 
Hofrath, in the labyrinthic tortuosities and covered-ways 
of said citadel. 1870 Myers Poems (1875) 75 Lamps enlock 
the tomb in golden glamour. 

+b. (See quot.) 

1632 SHERwoop, To Inlocke (mortaise in), enclaver. 

Enlo‘dge, v. rare. In7 inlodge. [f. En-}, 
In-+LopGE v.] trans. To locate or lodge in a 
place or within a given space. Hence Enlo-dged 
ppl. a.; Enlo‘dgement, the action of locating 
in a place. 

1678 Norris Col?, Misc. (1699) 69 Some more inlodg’d ex- 
cellence. 1884 Punch 16 Feb. ” «the history of a geo tae 
the original lawyer's letter to enlodgement in Holloway. 

+Enlong, v. Obs. rare. [f. En-1+ Lone a.] 
Implied in Enlo‘nging vé/. sd., app. meaning 
‘prolongation, extension’. 

1gs09 Hawes Past. Pleas. (1554) Ccjb, God graunt the 
mercy, but no tyme enlongyng. — Conv, Swearers 27, 1 do 
graunte mercy but no tyme enlongynge. q 

+Enlongate, v. Obs. rare—'. ? Mistake for 
ELonGateE v. 2 b. 

1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. xvii. 113 The —— of 9 
are consider’d under another Name, viz. when she is en- 
longated from the Sun. 

+Enlu'mine, v. O/s. Also 4-5 enlumyne, 
enlomyne. [a. OF. evlumine-r, ad. late L. in- 
liiminare (in classical Lat. z//iimindre), f. in- (see 
In-) + liimen, liimin-is light. Cf. ILLumine, IL- 
LUMINATE, ALLUMINE. In sense 4 the word 
assumed the aphetic forms Lus‘mner, Lo, the 
latter of which survives with modified sense.] 

1. trans. To light up, illuminate; also ¢ransf. 

1375 Barnour Bruce vit, 228 Thair speris, thair pennow- 
Bi) thar scheldis Of licht Illumynit [v.7. enlumymyt] 
all the feldis. _ Caxton Myrr, i. xix. 176 The an 
.. enlumineth alle the other by his beaulte. 158z J. Beit 
Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 488 So were ted of her soule 
enlumined with the orient beames of his divine inspiration. 
1596 Srenser /. Q. v. Prol. 7 That same = lorious 
lampe of light, That doth enlumine all these lesser Frres. 

b. To give sight to. 

1498 Caxton Vitas Paty. (W. de W.) 111. viii. a, How 
fyue lytyll lyons beyng blynde were enlumyned by an holy- 
man 


2. ‘fig To enlighten (ignorance, etc.) ; to throw 
light upon (a subject). : 

1393 Gower Con/. III. 86 Theorike principalle ,. is enlu- 
mined Of wisdome. ¢1g00 Test. Love 1.(1560) 272 minora? 
and cloud atweene us twey woll not suffer my ghts of 


hem to be enlumined. Lyne. Z; Pass. St. Albon 
(:xSgh AGI Eliepe his Sndonce chall copes Bie 


4. (CE. med.L. Jumina (lit. ‘lights’) the paint- ~ 

ae ina MS.) To illuminate, adorn (MSS.) with 

co) designs or miniatures. Also fig. 

pei. cx1g00 Rom. Rose 16g3 For i so well was mapa 
cadence, with 

Of Rethorik. 


» Thad : 
rs Jig. To shed lustre upon, render illustrious or 
brilliant. 


579 E. K. in Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Ep. Ded., Those h 
pa! ee a age ag cp 
glorious wordes. 

+ Enlure, v. Olds. Also 7 inlure. [f. En-! 
+ Lure sd,: cf. ALLURE.] ‘¢rans. To entice (a 
hawk) by a lure; hence fg. to draw on, entice; 
also adbsol. 

_ Bk. St. Albans D iij b, And thyse ben not enlured ne 
reclaymed omy they ben the 
. Ee. 


other .. enlured Henry the 5 .. unto lyke ou 

3607 Bariey-Breake i877) 20 Whereby he 
might the better her inlure. 1607. Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 
1. i. 13 Euery pleasant fountaine. .that may enlure to returne. 

Hence Enluring vd/. sd. 

1613 T, Apams Pract. Wks. (1861-2) I. 311 (D.) Provoca- 
tions, hekts, enlurings of lusts. 

Enlusty : see En- pref.1 2. ° 

+ Enlu‘te, v. Ah. Obs. [f. Ex-1+L. Hit-are 
to plaster with clay, f. Ji#t-um clay.] trans. To 
stop or cement with clay. (See ENGLUTE.) 

1386 Cuaucer Chan. Yem. Prol. & T. 213 The pot and 

las enlutyng, That of the aier — no thing. 1584 
R Scor Discov. Witchr. xiv. i. 294 Enluting [marginal note 
zo engluting), 

Enlyance, by-form of ALLIANCE. 

+Enly-me, v. Obs. [?f. En-1+*lyme, Lee ; 
cf. ME. alime, AveME. But perh. var. of ENLIMN.] 
trans. To illuminate, brighten. 

¢1440 Partonope 1920 Alle the feelde Was enlymed wyth 
the bryghtnesse. 

Enmagazine: see EN- fref.1 1 a. 

+Enma‘nché, emmarnché. Her. Os. Also 
6emaunche. [a. Fr. emmanché, f. en- (see En-!) 
+ manche, masc., handle. 

In Fr. heraldry the word is used (1) of an axe or other 
weapon, having the handle of a certain tincture different 
from that of the blade ; (2) of the field, denoting what Eng. 
heralds call anh g oe Neither of t senses is recog- 
nised in England, though the former apecess in some recent 
Eng. Dicts. The Eng. senses given below are of doubtful 
authenticity; oes & Ee ded on the er 
derivation manche, fem., sleeve. ] i 

1. Of the field; (Sir J. Ferne’s engraving repre- 
sents ‘ per fesse dancetté of two points’). 

1586 Ferns Blaz. Gentrie 1. 199 He beareth Emaunche 
(printed Emanuche] Arg. and Gewles. 

2. Of a chief: (see quot.). 

1736 Baiwey, Enmanché [in Heraldry] is derived from 
manche, ¥. a sleeve, and is when the has lines drawn 
from the u edge of the chief on the sites, 3) aes Be 
the breadth of the chief, signifying as if it sleeves on it, 
1847 in Craic; and in Dicts. 


Enmarble, Enmarvel, -vail: see Emm-. 
Enmass: see En- ni 2. 
|| En masse (aimas). Also 9 en mass. [Fr.] 
In a mass or body; bodily, all at once. 

1802 Pravratr /lustr. Hutton, The. 334 The transition from 
gneiss to granite en mass, is not uncommon. 1815 Scribdle- 
omania 53 The public en masse, Hath affirmed that these 
Lays other efforts Mrs. Gasket M. Barton 
v, The things were .. lifted en masse to the drawer. 

emmesh, immesh (enme'f, 
eme‘f, imes), v. Also 7 enmash. [f. Ey-l+ 
MeEsH 


1. “rans. To surround with meshes ;-to catch or en- 
tangle in, or as in, a net. Also of the net, and fig. 
a. 1604 SHaxs. Oth. u. iii. 367 The Net that shall en-mash 
them all. @1669 Le Branc in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. 
cxix. 6r A gladiator with net and sword .. endeavouring to 
enmesh any one who comes near him. 1831 Carr. Laren 


net. 
5 Goxpsm. Nat. Hist. VII. 236 Spider .. careful to 
(laces ween the ey is completely immeshed. “1853 C. 


ENMEW, 


a. 1822 SHettey Let, Hunt, Debts, responsibilities, and 
expenses will enm you round about. 1863 Mrs. C, 
Crarke Shaks. Char. xviii. Buckingham’s career with 
Richard . . é 


an imp e lesson on w enmeshed 
by unscrupulous strength, , i 
B. 1870 Morris Zarthly Par. U1. m1. 242 Such things 


emmeshed his dying troubled thought. 
y. , 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr.1. xv, The undesigning Boffin 
had become so far immeshed. ee 

Hence Enme‘shment, the state or condition of 
being enmeshed ; entanglement. 

1885 ‘ C. E.Crappock’ (Miss Murfree)in A ¢lantic Monthl 
Apr. 434/2 In that enchanted enmeshment were tangled all 
the fancies of the night. 1885 Punch 30 May 258 As con- 
cerns Egyptian darkness, and the Muscovite enmeshment. 

Enmew : see IMMEW. 

Enmie, -y(e, obs. forms of Enemy. 

Enmilden, enmingle: see En- fref1 3. 

+ Enmi‘nd, v. Ods. rare—. [f. EN-1+ Min sd.] 
trans. To put in mind, remind. 

1644 J. Fary Gods Severity on Mans Sterility (1645) 1 
Upon the hearing of this newes, our Saviour en-mindes 
them of what hapned even in their owne City. 

+ Enmi‘ne, v. Obs. rave—1. [App. f. En-14 
MINE sd. or v.] trans. To fix in a hole in the 


ground. 

e420 Pallad. on Husd. 1. 768 Yf the lacke a welle, a 
winche enmyne. 

Enmious: see ENEMIOUS. 

Enmitre: see Ey- pref! 1 b. 

Enmity (e‘nmiti). Forms: 4-6 enem-, en- 
myte(e, ennemite, -yte, 4 enmit(y)e, 5 eny- 
myte, 6 enem-, enimitie, ennimitie, enim-, 
inimity, 6- enmity. [ad. OF. enemdéstié, enne- 
mistié (Fr. inimitié), = Pr. enemistat, Sp. enemistad 
:—late L. *2ndmicztat-em, f. intmicus: see ENEMY.] 

1. The disposition or the feelings characteristic 
of an enemy ; ill-will, hatred. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4078 (Gétt.) Ne wald pai neuer apon him 
se, Fra bat day bot wid enmite [77/z. enemyte]. c¢1380 
Wycuir Sed, Wks. III, 301 For enemyte pat bei han toa man. 
1483 Caxton Cato I viiib, For enymyte and hate are con- 
trary to frendship and concorde. 1535 CoverDALE /sa. xi. 13 
The hatred of Ephraim, and y? enmyte of Iuda shalbe clene 
rooted out. 1 Datrympte tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 

2 The .. inimity borne toward thair parents to instil in the 

artes of thair barnes. 1667 Mitton P. Z.1. 431 Can.. 
works of love or enmity fulfill. 1768 STERNE Sent. Yourn., 
Riddle (1778) U1. 115 A man who values a good night's rest 
will not lie down with enmity in his heart, if he can help 
it. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 353 He hated me, and his 
enmity was shared by several who were present. 

2. The condition of being an enemy; a state of 
mutual hostility ; es. in phrase a¢ or 7 enmity. 

2?a1400 Chester P/. (1843-7) 31 And enmitye betwene you 
towe..I shall make. 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 379/3 By 
cause there shold noo debate ne enemyte falle beewene 
the brethren. 1579 Nortu Plutarch 541 So civill and 
temperate were mens enmities at that time. 1593 SHaxs. 
Rich. IT, u. ii. 68, I will dispaire, and be at enmitie 
With couzening hope. 1602 Secar Hon. Mil. §& Civ. 1. 
iii. 4 When the Romanes were divided, one faction labour- 
ing to oppresse another .. such enimitie was called Sedi- 
tion. 161x Biste Yam. iv. 4 Know yee not that the 
friendship of the world is enmity with God? 1667 Pepys 
Diary (1879) IV. 479 It will prevent much trouble by having 
of him out of their enmity. «1704 Locke (J.), In an age at 
enmity with all restraint. 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. 
III. 188 The growing enmity of opinion to the punishment 
of death. 1845 STEPHEN Laws Eng, II. 407 Provided their 
parents were not at the time in enmity with our sovereign. 
1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 581 The adventures, the 
attachments, the enmities of the lords and ladies who, etc. 

b. ¢ransf. 

1818 Jas, Mitt Brit. India 11. ww. ix. 300 That system of 
patronage .. is at irreconcilable enmity with the very prin- 
ciple of good government. . 

+e. Zo be of (a person’s) enmity: to be at 
enmity with (him). Qés. 

1641 W. Hakewit Lid. of Subject 123 All Merchants 
Denizens and Forreins (except those which be of our enmitie) 
may, etc. : . os ae 

4 8. Something that is prejudicial; a baneful 
influence. Oés. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 99 It is grete enemyte 
{inzmicissimum] to werriours forto norsche sleupe and 
leccherie. ¢139x Cuaucer Asévo/. 1. § 4 A fortunat assen- 
dent clepen they whan. .no wikkid planete haue non aspecte 
of enemyte up-on the assendent. c1470 Harpinc Chron. 
liii. i, The water myght not the enemytee Kepe of [warre] 
from his trewe Britayn lande, 1605 SHaks. Lear tt. iv. 212, 
I ere all roofes, and chuse To wage against the enmity 
oth’ ayre. 

Enmix: see En- pref! 3. 

Enmoised : see EMMOISED, Ods. 

+Enmo‘ntery. 00s. rare—'. [ad. F. émone- 
foire, f£. mod.L. emunctorius:; see Emuncrory.] 
= Emunctory sd. ; in quot. sfec. the armpit. 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. x.v. § 12 He was shot through the 
Enmontery of the left Arm. is 

+ Enmorrtise, v. Obs. rare—1, In 5 enmor- 
tese. [ad. OFr. enmortiss- lengthened stem of 
enmortir, var. of amortir: see EN- pref A, 2 and 
AmortizE.] ¢rans. To convey (property) to a cor- 
poration ; = AMORTIZE 3. 

1439 in Z. £. Wills(1882) 710, I woll that myn executours 
enmortese vnto the howse of ‘Tewkesbery C mark. 

Enmoss: see En- fref.l 1 b. 

Enmove, var. of INMOVE v. Ods. ~ 

Vor. III. 


193 


+ Enmu'‘file, v. Obs. [f. Ex-1 + MurFie v.] 
trans. To muffle up. Hence Enmu-filing vé/. sd. 

1611 Fiorio, Jmbauagliamento, an enmufiling. 

+Enmu'se, v. Obs. rare—!. [var. of AMUSE: 
see En- pref! A. 2.] trans. To bewilder, con- 
found; = AMUSE 2. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men m. iii. (W. de W. 1506) 159 The 


deuyll dysceyueth, enmuseth, and entyseth the pore crea- 
ture humayne. 


Enmyable, var. of ENEMIABLE a. Ods. 
Enmye, -my3e, obs. forms of ENemy. 
Enmyly, var. of ENEMYLY a. Oés. 

Ennated, var, of InNarxp, innate. 
_[Ennation, enneation, ‘ the ninth segment in 
insects’, for which mod. Dicts. cite ‘ Maunder’, is a 
blunder for evevaton (a. évvaroy late spelling of Gr. 
évarov ninth) which appears in Maunder’s Zyeas. 
Nat. Hist. 1848-54, but not in later editions, We 
havenoevidencethat the word waseverin Eng.use.] 

E:nneacontahe-dral, a. rare, [f. Gr. évved- 
xovra (erron. for évevnxovta; see Dindorf in 
Stephant Thes.) ninety + ipa base+-au.] Of a 
crystal: Having ninety faces. 

31817 R. Jameson Char. Min. 202. 

Ennead (enzXd). [ad. Gr. évveds, évvedé-os, f. 
évvéa nine.] 

+1. The number nine. Ods. 

1655-60 StanLey Hist, Philos. (1701) 384/t The Ennead is 
the first square of an odd number, 

A set of nine persons or things (discourses, 
points, etc.); spec. one of the six divisions in 
Porphyry’s collection of Plotinus’ works, each of 
which contains nine books. 

1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 186 In his fifth En- 
nead .. he makes the Universe a necessary Emanation of 
God. 1678 Cupwortu J/xtel/. Syst. 213 Though Tertullian be 
yet more Liberal, and encrease the Number to an Ennead. 
1854 Maurice Mor. §& Met. Philos. (ed. 2) 58, I disposed 
them, he [Porphyry] says, into 6 Enneads, gladly availing 
myself of the perfect numbers (6 and g). 1870 Pror. CayLey 
in Nature 29 Dec. 178/1 The name ‘ennead’ is given to any 
nine points in plano which are the intersections of 2 cubic 
curves ; or to any nine lines through a point which are the 
intersections of two cubic curves. 1881 Ch. Q. Rev. 172 The 
exquisite language of the prophecy of Isaiah, especially in 
its last three enneads. 1884 E.W. Bunce Babylon. Life & 
Hist. ix. 128 The most important ennead [of Gods] among 
the Babylonians was as follows. 

Hence Ennea‘dic a.-pertaining to an ennead. 

Enneaeteric (e:n/aj‘terik), a. rare. [f. as 
if on Gr, *é€vveaernpis a cycle of nine years (f. 
évvéa nine + éros year, after the analogy of tprernpis, 
etc.) + -10.] Consisting of nine years. 

1846 Grote Greece u. ii. II. 353 ote, The fact..does not 
establish a knowledge of the properties of the octaeteric or 


enneaeteric period, 

Enneagon (e'nzjiggn). Also 7 -one. ff. 
Gr. évvéa nine+yovia angle.] <A plane figure 
with nine angles. Hence Ennea‘gonal, a., having 
nine angles, 

1660 Barrow Luclid iv. xi, Then is AB the side of En- 
neagone. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1817 H. T. CoLesrooke 
Algebra 2 The regular pentagon, heptagon, and enneagon. 

Enneagynous (enfe'ginos), a. Bot. [f. Gr. 
évvéa nine +-yuv-7 woman+-ovus.] Having nine 
pistils. In mod. Dicts. 

Enneahedral (e:n/ahz-dral), a. Also 9 en- 
neaedral. [f. Gr. évvéa nine +%5pa base +-AL.] 
Having nine faces. 

1802 Bournon in Pil. Trans. XCII. 253 Which. .render 
the pyramids enneaedral. 

+Emnealogue. once-wd. [f. Gr. évvéa + 
Ady-os word, after the analogy of DEcALOGUE.] 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. u. iv. § 42 When this [command- 
ment] was wanting, the Decalogue was but an ennealogue. 

+Eennean, a. Ods.—° [f. Gr. évvéa + -an.] 

1623 CockeraM, Exnean number, the number of nine. 

Ennea‘ndrian, 2. Bot. [f.mod. L.exneandria 
one of the Linnean classes (f. as next) + -AN.] =next. 

Enneandrous (enéendras), a. Bot. [f. Gr. év- 
véa nine + dv5p- male + -ous.] Having nine stamens, 

1870 BentLey Sot. 246 A flower having g stamens is En- 
neandrous. 


Enneapetalous (e:ntape'tiles), a. Bor. [f. 
Gr. évvéa nine + wérad-ov leaf + -ous.] Having 
nine petals. So Enneaphy‘llous a. [Gr. pvAAov 
leaf], having nine leaves or leaflets. Ennea- 
se‘palous [SEPAL], having nine sepals. Ennea- 
spe'rmous [Gr. orépya seed], having nine seeds, 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Enneatic (enée'tik), a. rare. [f. Gr. &vé-a+ 
-ATIc.]_ Occurring once in nine times, days, or 
years, etc. ; ninth. 

Ennea‘tical, a. [f. as prec. +-at.] = prec. 
+ Enneatical day: every ninth day of a disease, 
+ Enneatical year: every ninth year of life. 

1751 CuamBers Cyc?, 1847 in Craic; and in mod, Dicts. 

Ennet: see En- Zref 1 a, 

+Ennew’, v.! Os. Also 7 ennue, [f. En-1 
+ New.] fvans, a. To make new; torestore. b. 
To make anew ; to repeat. 


ENNOBLING. 


1382 Wycur Ecclus, xxxvi. 6 Ennewe thou signes, and 
chaunge merueiles, 1523 SKELTON Garl, Laurel 389 Maister 
Chaucer .. nobly age ay d How that Englishe myght 
freshely be ennewed. 1 3, CockEeRAM, Made New, Exnued. 

+Ennew’, v.2 Painting. Obs. Also 5-6 en- 
nue, enewe. [perh. f. En-1+F. xuer to shade, 
tint (see quots. s.v. ser in Godef.).] ¢rans. To 
tint, shade ; to graduate (colours). Also Sig: 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1.v, The medlynge in conclusion 
So was ennewed by proportion That fynally excesse was 
there none. /é¢d. 11. x, 1 must procede with sable and with 
blacke And in ennuyng where ye fynde a lacke. 1470-85 
Mavory Arthur ut. ix, (1889) 110 The one shylde was enewed 
with whyte and the other shelde was reed. 1g07 in Hazl. 
£. P,P. U1. 123 Roses ennued moost swetely By dame na- 
ture. 1530 Patscr. 536/2, I ennewe, I set the laste and 
freshest coloure upon a thing, as paynters do whan their 
worke shall remayne to declare their connynge, Ye renou- 
uelle. 1573 Art of Limning 5 This colour shalbe enewed 
(that is to say) darked or sadded with blacke ynke. 

Enniche: see En- ref. 1 a. 

Ennoble (endb’l), v. Also 7-8 enoble, 6-8 
innoble, 7 inoble. [ad. F. ennoblir, f. en- (see 
En- pref.1) + noble, NoBLE a.] trans. 

1. To give the rank of nobleman to (a person). 

1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, 1 iii. 81 To ennoble those That 
scarse, some two dayes since were worth a Noble. a 1638 
Meve Ox Deut. xxxiii. 8 Wks. 1. 179 Levi was enobled 
.. specially as being of kin to Moses the Prince of the 
Congregation. 4 1 Gent. Mag. LXI. 1105 His [Columbus’] 
family was ennobled. 1812 H. & J.Smitu //orace in Lond. 
122 Virtue builds herself a throne, Ennobling whom she 
touches. 1845 Lp. Camppece Chancellors (1857) I. xxxviii. 
146 Most of the Executors ennobled themselves, or took a 
step in the Peerage. 

2. To impart nobility to (a person or thing). 
Formerly also, to attribute nobility to. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men 1. iv.(W.de W. 1506) 43 Enryched 


and ennobled with holy mysteryes. 1583 Stunsrs Aas. 
Abus, 1. 103 The more to innoble and set foorth the excel- 
lencie of this honorable calling of a bishop. 1601 Suai 
All’s Well u. iii. 179 She » ennobled, Is as ’twere bor 


so. 1647 R. Srapyiton 9 nal 149 Cicero innobled the 
meannesse of his birth. 1838 Emerson Addr. Cambr. Mass. 
Wks. (Bohn) II, 191 He who does a good deed, is instantly 
ennobled. 1876 Green Short //ist, viii. § i. (1882) 451 The 
meanest peasant felt himself ennobled as a child of God. 

3. To impart a higher character to (a person or 
thing) ; to dignify, elevate, refine. 

1636 E. Dacres tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy 11. 511 Mens 
hands and tongues two of their worthiest instruments to 
ennoble them. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 992 Much won that 
he his Love Had so enobl’d. 1713 Berketey “ss. ix. in 
Guardian No. 70 Wks. III. 174 The Christian Religion 
ennobleth and enlargeth the mind. 1784 Cowrer Task v. 
603 The loss of all That can enoble man. 1825 in Hone 
Every-day Bk. 1. 441 These palaces [are] now ennobled into 
a refuge. 1846 TreNcH J/zrac. i. (1862) 118 The Son of 
God .. ennobling all that He touches, 

+4. To render famous or illustrious, Ods. 

1565 GoLpinc Caesar 266 b Surus, a Heduan, a man 
both for manhood and birth greatlye ennobled. a@ 1626 
Bacon (J.), The Spaniards .. ennobled some of the coasts 
thereof with shipwrecks. 1679 PLor Staffordsh. (1686) 407 
Tho’ the place.. were enobled with the martyrdoms of 
a tooo Christians. 1725 Pore Odyss. xxu. 313 Bear Thy 
death, ennobl’d by Ulysses’ spear, 1775 Apair Amer. Laud, 
378 They have .. enobled themselves by war actions. 

5. Of light: To render conspicuous. Obs. rare. 

1665 Boye Occas. Ref?, v. iv. (1675) 310 The light that 
ennobles him, tempts Inquisitive men to keep him .. from 
sleeping. 1667 — Orig. Formes § Qual., Stiriz, that enoble 
the darker Body. 

Ennobled (endwb'ld), AA/. a. [f. prec. +-ED!.] 

1. Made noble in rank, nature, or character. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary (1625) Aij, Your L, may 
please of your owne ennobled condition to wel-doing .. 
to vouchsafe your liking to this latter. 1607 Row Lanps 
Hist. Guy Warw. 3 Right worthily Enobled and _ truly 
Honourable Lord. 1793 SoutHey 772. Wom. 393 Raised 
supreme the ennobled race among. 1858 RoBERTSON Lect. 
i, 25 The newly ennobled looks down upon the newly rich. 

+2. Celebrated, famous, noted. Ods. 

1571 GoLpinc Calviz on Ps. xxii. 14 The hill of Basan was 
ennobled for battling and rank pastures, 160r HoLLanD 
Pliny 1. 136 Other cities there are..in Mesopotamia .. 
innobled for their learning. 


Ennoblement (enéu'b’Imént).  [f. as prec. + 
-MENT.] The action of ennobling; the state or 
fact of being ennobled. ‘concr. Something that 


ennobles. 

1622 Bacon Hen. VI/,15 He added to his former crea- 
tions, the Innoblement or aduancement in Nobilitie of a few 
others, 1665 GLANviLL Scep. Scz. 1. 2 “Eternal Wisdome .. 
inrich’t us with all those enoblements. 1840 Marryat Od/a 
Podr. xxx, Vhey look to ennoblement in the Academy. 
1852 Fraser's Mag. XLVI. 243 They never heard of the 
man’s name .. before they heard of his ennoblement. 187 
H. B. Forman Living Poets 266 The .. faculties .. neces- 
sary for the flawless ennoblement of so serious a subject. 

Ennobler (enéwblas). [f. as prec. +-ER.] One 
who or that which ennobles. 

1782 Poetry in Ann, Reg. 188 The prime ennobler of th’ 
aspiring mind, 18x4 Cary Dante (Chandos) 318 Ennobler 
of thy nature. 1875 Lowett in NV. Amer. Rev. CXX. 357 
But the sweetener and ennobler of the street and the fireside. 

Enno’bling, v4/. sd. [f. Ennosiz v. + -1nG1.] 
The action of the verb ENNOBLE. 

x Harincton Metam, Ajax (1814) For the enobling 
of this rare invention. 1614 SELDEN Titles Hon, Pref., 
Particular ennobling, by the Princes autoritie, came 
in yse. 35 


ENNOBLING, 


Ennobling (endwb'lin), af. a. [f. as prec. + 
a”) That ennobles ; elevating, refining. 

1790 Burke /'r, Rev. Wks. V.255 He feels no ennobling 

rinciple in his own heart, 1818 Byron Ch. Har. 1. clxxvil, 
Ve Elements !—in whose ennobling stir I feel myself exalted. 

1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. § 5. 167 ‘The ennobling in- 
fluences of the pursuit of knowledge. 

Hence Enno'blingly adv. 

1823 Moore Rhymes Road v, 14 All that in man most en- 
noblingly towers. 

+ Enno‘blish, v. Os. Also 5 ennoblessh, 
7 enoblish. [ad. F. exnobliss- lengthened stem 
of ennoblir: see ENNOBLE.] trans. = ENNOBLE 
in various senses; also, to distinguish by favours 
or gifts, 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg.219/2 He ennoblesshed seynt John 
to fore al other with the swetnes of his famyliarite. 157: 
Bossewett Armorie 16b, B they .. their 
owne Houses, whereof the descended. 1582 BENTLEY 
Mon. Matrones . 16 That I so vile a creature, am so en- 
noblished by thee to so honourable an husband. 1 
Haxwuyr Voy. 11. u. 75 These streames and barges 
ennoblish very much the City, and make it. .seeme another 
Venice. 1600 Dymmok /reland (1843) 3 His other acts 
haue enoblished him for a most worthy soldior. 1610 Guit- 
tim /Teraldry 1. ii. (1660) 14 To persons ennoblished by the 
Soveraign, by precious Stones, 1610 HoLtanp Camden's 
Brit. Irel. u. 94 To augment his honour by more enoblishing 
him with honourable Armes. 1630 R. Jounson Kingd. § 
Commw. 402 Ennoblished it [Saros Patak] is besides with 
the greatest College belonging to the reformed religion in 
all thee parts. 

Hence + Enno‘blishment, O/s.= ENNOBLEMENT. 

1591 (¢it/e), A Reuocation of all such Letters for Enno- 
iehineat: as haue not been verified in the Chamber of 
accountes of Normandy. 1610 HoLLanp Camden's Brit. 
(1637) 175 He that hath obtained such letters of ennoblish- 
ment is enabled to be dubbed knight. 

+ Enno’blize, v. Ods. Also 7 enoblize. [ad. 
Fr. ennodliss- lengthened stem of exnoblir, assimi- 
lated to vbs. in -1zE. See ENNOBLISH.] ¢rans. 
To confer nobility upon, make noble; //#. and fig. 

1598 Barckey Fe/ic. Man 1. (1603) 263 Let him endevour 
to ennoblize himselfe by his owne vertue. 1601 W. Parry 
Trav. Sir A. Sherley (1863) 32 If the king purpose to make 
any man great by enoblizing him. 1635 Barrirre M72. 
Discip. (1643) Ep. Ded. 2 Many Heroicall Ancestours..have 
ennobliz’d your potent Family. 1654 Coxaine Dianea u. 
111 He was the most celebrated King .. that enoblized 
the Glories of his bloud, by the wonders of his Vertue. 

{(Ennoisies, misreading for Envorstxs.] 

+ Ennoy’, 5d. Ods. Also 5-6 ennoye. [Variant 
of Annoy sd. (q. v.)] A troubled state of mind, 
grief, vexation ; also concr. a cause of trouble. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W.de W. 1495) 1. 272 a/1 That 
other heuynesse that corrupteth the soule .. tholde faders 
called it ennoye or greuaunce. 1513 Douctas £neis Con- 
tents Bk. 3 The secund buik schawis the finale ennoy The 
great mischeif, and subversioun of Troye. /éid. x1. iv. 54, I 
mycht haue 3ald this saule full of ennoy. 

+ Ennoy’, v. Ots. Also 5 enoye, ennuye. 
[Variant of Annoy v., after OF. exnoyer. 

1. trans. in pass. To be ruffled in mind, 
troubled, vexed; = Annoy 3. Const. of; also 
const. fo with 7#f. To find (a thing) irksome. 

1485 Caxton Paris § V. 36 Whereof he was sore ennoyed 
in hymself. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. i. 6a/2 
He was ennoyed to contynue his prayers. c1s00 Melusine 
192 Many one were wery and ennuyed [misfrinted enimyed] 
of theire harneys. 

2. absol. a. To do harm; = Annoy 4b. b. To 
be irksome, produce tedium. 

c 1420 Padlad. on Husb. 1. 163 Yf Est or Southeryn wyndes 
nought enoye. ¢ 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. ciiii. (1869) 76 
With oute jntervalle alle thing enoyeth; both the faire 
weder, and thicke of reyn. 

Hence Enno'ying, v0/. sd. 

G 1430 in Lyf Manhode u, \xvi. (1869) ror, I am pilke 
pat shortliche maketh the time passe with oute enoyinge. 

Ennoynt, obs. variant of ANOINT. 

+ Ennoy‘ous, @. Ods. rare. Also 5 ennoyes. 
[ad. OF. ennoyeus, ennieus (mod.F. ennuyeux) : 
see ANNOyoUS.] Annoying, troublesome ; harmful. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb, w. 612 Yf amites unto thayme en- 
noyes be. 148x Caxton Myrr. 1. xxvii.120 The tempeste 
.. 1s greuous & ennoyous to many thynges. 

+ Ennoy'sance. Os. rare—'. [Var. of An- 
NOYSANCE.| A state of ennui; weariness. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men ww. xxx. (W. de W, 1506) 350 By 
heuynes in all thynges falleth in languour & in ennoy- 
saunce of his lyfe. - P z 

|| Emnui (annziz), sd. [a. Fr. ennuz, OF. ennui 
:—L. in odio: see ANNOY, Ennoy, which are older 
adoptions of the same Fr. word. 

far as frequency of use is concerned, the word might 
be regarded as fully naturalized ; but the pronunciation 
not been anglicized, there being in fact no Eng. analogy 
which could serve as a guide.] q : 

The feeling of mental weariness and dissatis- 
faction produced by want of occupation, or by 
lack of interest in present surroundings or em- 
ployments. 

[1667 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 16x We have hardly any 
words that do. .fully express the French naivete, ennui, bi- 
zarre, etc, 1132 BerKetey A cciphr. u. § 17 They should prefer 
doing anything to the ennui of their own conversation.] 
1758 Cuesterr. Left, IV, 117 In less than a month the man, 
used to business, found that living like a tleman was 
dying. of ennui, 1789 Mrs. Prozzt Yourn, France 11. 388 


1790 Catu. Granam Lett. Educ. 290 I 
damon Ennui. 1812 H. & J. Smitn Key. Addr., 
to 


H 

a consents 

eid Life (1888) 1. Ui 908 € 
st 


+. a stylish, comfortless tem 
of ennui. 1849 C. Bronté Shirdey vii. 87 Every stitch she 
put in was an ennui, ‘ 7 

Ennui, v. [f. prec. sb.; only in pa. pple., which 
is occas. spelt with y, after Fr. enxnuyer.] trans. 
To affect with ennui; to bore, weary. 

1805 Syp. Smitn Moral Philos. xviii. (1850) 266 They 
[animals] rejoice, play: are ennuied as we are. 1808 Edin. 
Rev. XI. 360 If the common people are ennui’d with the 
fine acting of Mrs. Siddons, Cornh. Mag. July 58 
The Shoddy lady ..ennuied with the superb house and 

ial su di 1888 Pall Mall G. 20 Aug. 1/1 
The Roman public, jaded and ennuyed, found life not 
worth living without the stimulus of the sight of death, 

Hence Ennuying, /f/. a. (rare.) 

1858 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. II. 388 Evenings .. sacred to 
reading on his part, and mortally ennuying to myself. 

+ Ennu'mber, v. Obs. rare. [f. En-1 + Num- 
BER; cf. ANNUMBER.] ¢vans. To number. 

1 Goodly Primer Expos. Ps. li, That I may be en- 
numbered among them. | 

| Ennuyé (ainszye), a. [Fr.: pa. pple. of e- 
nuyer to bore.] Affected with ennui. 

1757 Gray Let. Hurd, 25 Aug., I am alone, and exnuyé 
to the last degree yet do nothing. 1822 T. MircHett 
Aristoph. 11. 18 A sort of ennuyé, triste, pitiable busy-idler. 
1847 Disraewt Zancred Vv. vii. (1871) 394 He must be terribly 
ennuyé here. 

b. quasi-sb. (also fem. ennuy6ée), one who is 
troubled with ennui. 

1826 Mrs. Jameson (¢i¢/e), Diary of an Ennuyée. 

Enoculate, obs. f. INocuLATE. 

+ Eno-dable, z. Ods.—° [ad. L. énddabilis, 
f. énddare: see next.] Capable of being made 
clear, or of being freed from knots. 

1623 CockEraM 11, To be Loosed, Enodadble. 

t Eno-date, v. Obs. [f. L. énddat- ppl. stem 
of éndda-re, f. & out+ ndd-us knot.) trans. To 
free from knots ; also fig. to unravel, clear of diffi- 
culties. 

1 Biount Glossogr., Enodate, to unknit, to cut away 
the knot, to declare or make manifest, to untie. 1681 Relig. 
Clerici 51 When they cannot enodate your argument, they 
serve you .. the same trick that Alexander did with the 
Gordian knot. 

Hence + Enoda‘tion, the action of loosing or 
unravelling. 

1603 Hotianp Plutarch’s Mor. 1024 Thus much for the 
enodation of this knot. 1623 Cockeram, Enodation, a de- 
claration. 1653 W. ScLater 2nd Fun. Serm, (1654) 28 
Scarcely any thing, that way, proved too hard for him, for 
his enodation or descision. 1736 in BatLey. 

Enode (2nou'd.) a. Bot. [ad. L. édd7s free from 
knots (f. 2 out + 2dd-us knot).] Free from knots. 

In mod. Dicts. 

+ Eno-de, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. enddare: see 
Enopate.] ¢rans. To loose, untie (a knot) ; also 
Jig. to solve (a riddle). 

1623 CockreraM, Enode, to declare. 1 
Renou's Disp. Pref., Enode the knot, and throw open the 
gates. 1684 WILLARD Mercy magn. 4 Riddles which require 
great study to enode them. 

+ Eno‘dous, a. Ods. [f. L. édd-is (see ENoDE 
a.) +-0U8.] Free from knots. 

1657 Tomuinson Renon's Disp. 373 Others [orenges] are 
enodous and sterile. 

+ Enoi'l, v. O%s. Also 5-7 enoyle. [f. En-1 + 
On sd, Cf. ANomL, ENHUILE.] 

1. “rans. To put oil upon. a. To anoint, esp. 
aking, etc. b. To mix with oil. Cf. ENHUILE, 

¢1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 687 Half a strike Of barly mele 

enoyled, 1546 Lanctry Pod. bad 5 De Invent, v. iii. 100 b, 
Priestes and also Kynges..oughte to be enoyled. 1: 
Turperv. Falconrie 279 She may. .enoyle hir feathers wit 
hir beake, 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. 1. 93 Other 
kings persons .. who are not annointed, are as +. as 
those who are enoyled. 

2. transf. and fig. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 115 Thou shalt enoyle 
& mollifye his herte that enuyeth the. 1647 SANDERSON 
Serm. (1681) II. 216 To enoil a rotten post with a glistering 


varnish. | 

+ penel Bag, vdl. sb, [f. ENowv.+-ING.] The 
action of the vb. ENom. a. The action of anoint- 
ing, esf. a king. b, The sacrament of extreme 
unction. Also concr. The oil used for anointing. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 222 He ordeyned 
the sacrament of extreme vnccyon or enoylynge. 
Fardle Facions u. xii. 279 The godfathers, to the ende 
enoilyng [in confirmacion] should not droppe awaie. . 
on a faire filette on the foreheade. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power 
Parl. 11. 93 This enoyling .. derives no personall Preroga- 
tives or Immunities at all to kings. 

+Enoine, v. Ods. rare. [a. OF. enoign- pre- 
sent stem of enoindre, enuindre :—L. inung(u)-cre, 
f, in on + ung(u)-ere to anoint. Displaced by the 
form enoint, ANOINT, from the pa. pple.] /vans. 
= ANOINT. 


t would entirely 


unc surrc 


7 TOMLINSON 


ENORMENT. 


Alex, & Dind. 410 Fonde wip fals craft hure face 


to y 

Enoint, obs. form of ANnornt. 

+ Enoi v. Obs.~° [a. OF. enoisel-er, f. ens 
get de 
giddi e*(' .), f. otsel (mod. otsean) bird. 
Fatr. Of a hawk: ‘fo fy at a bird ae 

¢1535 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 952 To enoisel as a 


Enology : see CEnoLocy. 

Enomotarch (eng'métaik). Gr. Antig. [ad. 
Gr. &vwpordpy-ns, f. evwpor-ia + dpyxew to com- 
mand.] The se ee of an Enomory. 

INGHAM hon Coronels .. appoin 
= ouer Ft oo and Rie seg 
1850 Grote Greece u. lvi. VII. 109 The [Spartan] soldier thus 
received no immediate orders except from the enomotarch. 

Enomoty (engméti). Gr. Antig. [ad. Gr. evw- 
poria a band of sworn soldiers, f. év in + dprviva 


to swear.] A division in the S; army. 
1623 Bincuam Xenophon 54 They the middest .. if 


y THIRLWALL Greece V. xxxviii. 
¢ enomoty, of thirty-six men, stood in three files. 
(eng’ptromensi). In Dicts. 
erron. enopto-. [ad. F. tromancie, f. Gr. &v- 
omrpo-v mirror + pavtela: see -MANCY.] Divination 
by means of a mirror. 

1855 SmepLey Occult Sc. 321 E 
of divination by the mirror. 

Enorder: see En- fref.! 3. 


y,isa 


P 


En ic (engigenik), a. rare. [f. En-2+ 
Oreanic.] Inherent in the organism. 
1846 Sir W. Hamitton Dissert. in Reid Wis. The 


mental effort to move. .I would call the Enorganic volition. 

Enorm (‘ng1m). Forms: 5-7 enorme, 6- 
enorm. [a. Fr. évorme:—L. énormis, f. € out + 
norma mason’s square, gee 

+1. Deviating from the ordinary rule or type ; 
unusual, extraordinary, extravagant. Ods. 

c1g10 BarcLtay Mirr. Good Mann. (1570) D iiij, A pure 
minde and simple .. With none enorme maners, nor grieu- 
ous spot of crime, 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 53 
the se so furius and enorme. Reap Chirurg. xxiv. 180 
If any enorme wound fall out whereby there is a solution 
of unity in the jaw bones. 1647 H. More Song of Soul u. 
i.u1. xxii, Nought scorching, nought glowing, nothing enorm. 


| ax Nort Exam, u. v. P 163 (1740) 420 The Author .. 
mn of the Matter, 


should have .. said not a Word much less 
given in the enorm Depositions in the very Words. 

+2. Of sins and crimes (rarely of persons) : Ab- 
normally wicked, monstrous, outrageous. Ods. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. u. viii. 82 The grete and enorme synnes 
that they [Sodomand Gomorrha] commysed. 1563-87 Foxe 
A. & M. (1596) 17/2 Heere commeth the enorme and horrible 
abuse of excommunication. 1 Houinsuep Scot. Chron. 
(1806) II. 447 The said d e & enorme persons. 1600 
Farrrax 7asso vin. lxxi, The neast of treason false and guile 
enorme. @ Sportiswoop Hist. Ch. Scot, v1. (1677) 318 
The enorm crimes. .whereof he was guilty. 

3. Abnormally large, vast, monstrous ; = ENnor- 
MOUS 3. arch. 

1581 Savite Tacitus’ Agric. (1622) 188 But there is beside 
a huge and enorme tract of 1609 HoLtanp Amm, 
Marcel xxx, ii. 402 The Alani .. wander. .in..enorme and 
huge c: [pagos i: J. @1734 Nortu Lives (1826) 
III. 286 Expecting to see an enorm ee CoLeripGe 
Sibyl, Leaves 11. 281 Condensed and abysmal 
storm..Armsthe Grasp enorm. 1871 G. Macponatp Ws. 
Fancy & Imag. 11. 169 Mocking the enorm Strength on its 


fore 
b. Sc. Law. Enorm +hurt, lesion (in Roman Civil 

Law /esio ultra dimidium vel enormis). An injury 
(sustained by one of the ies to a contract) 
which amounts to more t one-half the value 
of the subject-matter. 

c1gs0 zk a Hvactiche (3134)279 (Jam.) All con- 
tractes,— ie munoris in r e, to thair enorm 
hurt and skaith, af of nane avail. 1688 Lo, Hatssuayin Law 
Times Rep.(N.S.) LYX, 2/2Validity, subject to reduction on 
the of enorm lesion, of the contract in question. 

4. quasi-sd. 

1535 Stewart Cron, Scot. II. 356 It sould proceid .. As 

1 war withoutin ony enorme. 

+ Eno‘rm, v. Obs. In 7 also inorm. [f. prec.] 

trans. To make monstrous. Frequent in Davies, 


1602 J. Davies Mirum in Mod. C iii, lets hee Fiends 
the fantacie enorme With strong delusions and wi 
dire. 1612 — Muse's Sacrifice (Grosart) 15 To help my 
hatefull hands that sinne inorm'd. 


+Eno'rmance, Oés. rare—'. ? = Enonmiry. 

1682 D’Urrey Butler’s Ghost 142 Tho he each Sabbath 
bangs his Desk, In laying the Enormance home, And 
preaching Torments are to come, 

eo ace se Se = conocer = 

r rey Pills (1872) 1 200 When Lawn Sleeves, 

in ery'd a equal enormand. 


+Eno'rment. Ods. rare. 
is 


= . 
1513 Brapsnaw St. Wi 1. 549 The people +. Gaue 
diet enormentes vnto th oid. u, 1226 Endowed 


it with riches and enormentes many on, 


ENORMIFICATION. 


Enormification (¢ng:imifiké'fan). rare—'. 
[f. L. ézormi-s ENorM+-FIcATION.] The action 
or process of making enormous. 

188r Grant Wuite Lng. Without § Within vii. 205, I 
mused wondering .. upon that sad gradual enormification 
by which she passed from a tall blooming beauty into her 
present tremendous proportions. 

+ Eno'rmious, cz. O/s. Also 6 -iouse, -eous, 
inormious. [f. L. éorm7z-s (see ENORM) + -oUS.] 

1. Deviating from ordinary rule or type, irregular, 
extraordinary ; = Enormous 1 and 3. 

1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3) Enormious, out of square, 
vnorderly, .1622 CaLuis Stat. Sewers (1647) 151 And I have 
.. beheld much enormious proceedings .. both in the Com- 
missioners and in their Officers. 1656 Artif. Handsom. 60 
(T.) The enormious additions of their artificial heights. . 

2. Of persons or their actions: Extraordinarily 
wicked, outrageous, monstrous ; = ENORMOUS 2. 

1545 Upavt tr. Erasm. Par. Luke 67a, Enormeous.. 
sins. 1552 BALE Afol. 99 That detestable professyon of a 
lyfe so enormiouse. 1583 StupsEs Anat. A dus. (1877) 47 To 
give the King to vnderstand the inormious abuse thereof. 
1609 Biste (Douay) Yer. 1. comm., God..is severe when he 
punisheth enormious sinners. 1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. 
(1650) 420 ‘To prevent some enormious act. 1656 Eart oF 
Monmoutu Advert. from Parnassus 24 Those inormious 
and hatefull loathsomenesses. 1665 J. SERGEANT Suve- 

JSooting 91 If the motions he had to keep him good were 
very strong and efficacious, he is still more enormious. 

Hence + Eno‘rmiously, adv. 

1641 Bre. R. Mountacu Acts § Mon. (1642) 59 Those many 
errors and mistakings, whereinto they so often and enor- 
miously fell. /é%d@. 68 Thousands of bad Christians, who 
have .. profaned enormiously that sacred name of Unction. 

+ Eno'rmitan. 0és. rare—'. [f. Enormir-y + 
-AN.] One who exceeds ordinary bounds; one 
who behaves extravagantly. 

1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) A ij, What St. Augus- 
tine said of some enormitans of his time. 

Enormity (énfimiti). Forms: a. 5-6 enor- 
myte(e, -ie, -ye, 6-7 -itie, 6- enormity. f. 7 
inormitie, -y, innormity. [ad. Fr. évormizté, ad. 
L. énormitatem, f. énormis (see ENORM).] 

+1. Divergence from a normal standard or type ; 
abnormality, irregularity. Ods. or arch. 

1538 Starkey England 1. iii. 84 The partys in proportyon 
not agreyng..leue much enormyte..in thys polytyke body. 
1647 H. More Song of Soud u1, iii. 1. xx, The strange absurd 
enormity Of staggering motions in the azure skie. 1865 
Moztey Mirac. v. 95 Pure, boundless enormity, then is 
itself incredible. 

b. concr. Something that is abnormal; an 
irregularity, extravagance, eccentricity. Ods. 

1494 Fasyan vi. cxlix.135 For his dulnesse and his other 
enormytes in hym exercysyd. /ééd. vil. ccxxiv. 251 That 
tyme clerkes .. rode with gylte spurres, with vsynge of 
dyuerse other enormytees, 1577 VAUTROUILLIER Luther on 

‘p. Gal, 26 And yet we can not remedie this enormitie. 
1687 Death's Vis. ix. (1713) 41 note 4 The Irregularities and 
Enormities that appear in the Mundane System. 1710 Ap- 
bison Tatler No. 250 ® 1 Enormities in Dress and Behaviour. 
1781 J. Moore View Soc. [t. (1790) 1. xxxix. 432 Keep the 
citizens from reflecting on .. the enormities of the new form 
of government. 

. Deviation from moral or legal rectitude. In 
later use influenced by Enormous 3: Extreme or 
monstrous wickedness. 

1563 Homilies u. Repentance u. (1859) 537 Our natural un- 
cleanliness and the enormity of our sinha life. 1777 Ro- 
BERTSON Hist. Amer. (1778) II. v. 138 Stained an illustrious 
name by deeds of peculiar enormity and rigour. 1863 Bricut 
- Amer. 30 June, The protest .. against the enormity of 
the odious system. 1872 Biack Adv. Phaeton xxvi. 358 
Lecture her two boys on the enormity of telling a fib. 

b. concr. A breach of law or morality ; a trans- 
gression, crime; in later use, a gross and mon- 
strous offence. 

1475 Caxton Fason 134 b, Certes Madame sayd yet Jason 
for these enormytes know that I have left and repudied 
her. 1549 CoverDALE Erasm. Par. Hebr. 16 Beware that 
we fal not agayne into our olde enormyties. 1664 H. More 
Myst. Inig. 10 Provided there be but found a colour for 
these gross enormities. 1713 AppIson Guardian No. 116 P 1 
There are many little enormities in the world which our 
preachers would fain see removed. 1766 Forpyce Ser. 
Yung. Wom. 1767) U1. xiv. 267 A single look is construed into 
Iknow not what enormity. 1842 H. Rocers /utvod. Burke's 
Wks. (1842) 1. 28 Theenormities of Debi Sing, one ofthe worst 
agents of Indian tyranny. 1879 Froupe Czsar xi. 119 
Other enormities Catiline had been guilty of. 

+3. Excess in magnitude; hugeness, vastness. 
Obs.; recent examples might perh. be found, but 
the use is now regarded as incorrect. 

1792 Munchhausen’s Trav. xxii. 93 A worm of proportion- 
able enormity had bored a hole in the shell. 1802 Howarp 
in Phil. Trans. XCII. 204 Notwithstanding the enormity 
of its bulk. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1.752 Of the properties of 
the Peak of Teneriffe accounts are extant which describe 
its enormity. 1846 De Quincey Syst. Heavens Wks. III. 183 
The whitish gleam was the mask conferred by the enormity of 
their remotion. [JZod. ‘‘‘ You have no idea of the enormity 

of my business transactions”, said an eminent Stock Ex- 
change speculator to a friend. He was perhaps nearer the 
truth than he intended ’.] 

b. concr. Something enormous. (Aumorous.) 

1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 436 This waxen enormity 
{an enormous taper] was lighted. 

tEnormly (énf-mli), adv. Obs. rare. [f. 
ENorM a. + -LY2.] Enormously, monstrously. Also 
in Se, Law: (cf. enorm lesion.) 


195 


1538 Prymer Salish. in Maskell Mon. Rit. 11. 273 How 
enormely thou hast synned. 1540 Acts Fas. V (1597) § 70 
And therethrow we ar greatumlie and enormelie hurte. 

Enormous (‘ng‘imos), a. Also 6 innorm- 
ous. [f. L. éorm-zs (see ENORM) + -OUS.] 

+1. Deviating from ordinary rule or type; ab- 
normal, unusual, extraordinary, unfettered by rules; 
hence, mostly in bad sense, strikingly irregular, 
monstrous, shocking. Ods. 

1531 Fritu Fudgm. on Tracy (1829) Pref. 246 So shall this 
enormous fact be looked upon with worthy correction. 
1590 Barrow & Greenwoop in Confer. 43 Innumberable 
enormous Canons & Constitucions of Antichrist. 1620 
Venner Via Recta viii. 168 Whether the appetite be enor- 
mous, or too irregular. 1667 Mitton P. L. v. 297 Nature 
here plaid at will Her Virgin Fancies, pouring forth more 
sweet, Wilde above rule or Art ; enormous bliss. 1733 Pore 
Ess. Man 1. 242 The enormous faith of many made for 
one. 1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry xvi. 11. 370 Entered 
the choir in a military habit, and other enormous disguises. 
1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872) 11. 149 The absurd and 
enormous provisions of the spurious constitution. 

b. Extending beyond definite limits; redun- 
dant. Obds. 

1704 Newton Ofticks (1721) 88 The enormous part of the 
Light in the circumference of every lucid Point ought to be 
less discernible in shorter Telescopes than in longer. 

+2. Of persons and their actions: Departing 
from the rule of right, disorderly. Of a state of 
things: Disordered, irregular. Hence, excessively 
wicked, flagitious, outrageous. Obs. 

Expressions like ‘enormous wickedness’ are now felt as 
belonging to sense 3, perh. with some slight mixture of the 
older sense. 

1593 Bitson Govt. Christ’s Ch. 146 Avoyd the companie of 
such enormous persons. 1612 SHaks. & FL. Two Noble Kv. 
i, Oh great corrector of enormous times. 1631 WEEVER Ax. 
Fun. Mon. 363 The Popes rapines and enormous proceedings 
in those dayes. _@ 1677 Barrow Sermz. (1810) I. 168 Constan- 
tine. .chose Christianity as the only religion, that promised 
impunity and pardon for his enormous practices. 1737 
Hervey Mem. II. 241 Speaking of the enormous behaviour 
of the City of Edinburgh in this transaction. 1744 JoHNSON 
L. P., Savage Wks. III. 321 The enormous wickedness of 
making war upon barbarous nations because they cannot 
resist. 1827 Pottox Course T. v1, Some last, enormous, 
monstrous deed of guilt. 1827 Soutney ist. Penins. War 
II. 65 The enormous wickedness with which they abused 
their victory. /dd. Il. 112 The enormous guilt of destroy- 
ing the city and its inhabitants. 

. Excessive or extraordinary in size, magnitude, 
or intensity ; huge, vast, immense. 

This is the only current sense, and appears to have influ- 
enced the later use of senses 1 and 2. 

1544 Puaér Regim. Lyfe (1560) 1 iij, Paine of the stone is 
one of y® moste enormous paynes that the body of man is 
vexed with. 1667 Mitton ?.Z.1. 511 Titan Heav'ns first 
born With his enormous brood. 1774 Go.psm. Nat. Hist. 
(1776) III. 31 The urus .. of the large enormous kind of 
Lithuania. 1827 Pottox Course 7.1, Worn and wasted with 
enormous woe. 1836 Maccituivray tr. umboldt’s Trav. 
xxvii. 421 The line of enormous cracks and fissures. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 190 The fortress of Tangier .. was 
repaired and kept up at anenormous charge. 1860’ TYNDALL 
Glac. 1. § 2. 11 These avalanches .. consist of enormous 
blocks of ice. 3 

+ b. Overgrown in power or importance. Ods. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Diéscép. 1. (1851) 11 Doe wee suffer mis- 
shapen and enormous Prelatisme .. thus to blanch and var- 
nish her deformities. 1759 Ropertson //ist. Scot. Il. 97 
This great princess and her enormous subject. 

4. quasi-adv. 

1566 Drant Wail. Hierim. K viij, My peoples crymes .. 
were more innormous vyle Then Sodom sinne. 

Enormously (énf‘rmosli), adv. [f. Enormous 
+-LY%,] In an enormous manner. 

+1. a. Abnormally, eccentrically, irregularly. 
b. Lawlessly, criminally, immorally. Ods. 

1617 Hieron /Vks. II. 289 He, that preacheth most 
enormously, professeth the cleane contrarie. @1619 DonNE 
Buafavaros (1644) 94 There Bull-baytings, to which they are 
so enormously addicted. 1686 BoyLe Zng. Notion Nat. 260 
From which the monster does enormously deviate. 1689 J/yst. 
Inig. 20 Popery.. provides for their living as enormously 
as the please. 1713 DerHAM Phys. Theol. (786) I, 408 Had 
innately been made. .tooenormously gigantic, it would,etc. 

2. To a vast extent ; vastly, hugely, prodigiously. 

a1728 baci t -), A notion so enormously absurd and 
senseless. 1741-2 WALPOLE Lett. H. Mann (1834) I. xviii. 
66 It will be enormously long, but I have prererec, ‘ou for 
it. 1797 Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 381 The rise 
in the Hast year --is enormously out of all proportion. 1860 
TynpaLt Glac. 11, § 20, 338 The alleged temperature was so 
enormously below the freezing point. 1867 Dickens Let?. 
(1880) II. 306 The city has increased enormously. 

Eno'rmousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 

+1. Divergence from a right moral standard ; 
also in stronger sense, gross wickedness, heinous- 
ness ; = Enormity 2. Ods. 

@163r Donne Serm. xvi. 159 Such is the infinitenesse and 
Enormousnesse of our rebellious Sin. 1667 Decay Chr. 
Piety ii. § 5. 2t0 Those who have not opportunity to ex- 
amine our Rit, see the enormousness of our works, 

2. The quality of being excessive in size; vast- 
ness, hugeness. 

1885 W. C. Russet Strange Voy. II. vii. 110 The enorm- 
ousness of the ocean. 

+Eno‘rn,v. Ods. Also 4-6 enn-, enourne(n, 
(4 enhorne, en(n)urn(e, ennowrn), enorn(e, 
5 enoorne, 6 -ourne. [Altered form of ANORN, 


qv] 


ENOUGH. 


1. trans. To adorn, deck, trim; to set out (a 
table) ; = ANorn ; also fig. 

¢ 1325 Z. E. Allit. P. A. 1026 Pe wonez with-inne enurned 
ware Wyth alle kynnez perre pat mo3t repayre. c 1340 Gaw. 
§ Gr. Kut. 2027 His cote..Ennurned vpon veluet vertuuus 
stonez. ¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Margarete 15 Til enhorne 
vehis & cronis. 1382 Wyctir Ecclus. xxix. 33 Go, gest, and 
enourne the bord. c1g00 Destr. Troy 1675 An auter 
enournet in nome ofa god. a 1430 Pilgr. Lyf. Manhode 
ul. li. (1869) 162, I was oones arayed and enoorned with you 
riht queyntliche. 1513 Brapsuaw. St. Werberge 1. 3431 
This sacrat relique .. Enowrned with riches sumptuous. 

2. To adore, worship. (See ANoRN 4.) 

c1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Theodora 666 Al pai knychtis 
a-pone kne Ennornyt hyme. 

Hence + Eno'rning vé/. sb. Ods., the action of 
the vb. Enorn; in quot. concr. ornamentation. 
+ Eno‘rnment, Oés., adornment, ornamentation. 

1382 Wycur “cclus, xxii. 23 As grauely enournynge [v. 7. 
Enuyrownynge] in a bri3t wal. — Yer. ii. 32 Whether 
for3ete shal the maiden of hir enournement? c 1400 Maun- 
DEv, (Roxb.) xxxii. 145 We hald swilk enournement grete 
foly. ¢ 1483-4 Will Taylour (Somerset Ho.), Item, I be- 
queth to my Cosyn Robert Sturmyn. .all the enournamente 
belonging vnto my Chapell. [1513 see ENormeEnrT.] . 

Eno‘rthotrope (enf‘1potroup). [f. Gr. év in 
+ 6p06-s upright + -rpom-os turning.] A toy con- 
sisting of a card on which confused objects are 
transformed into various figures or pictures, by 
causing it to revolve rapidly. In mod. Dicts. 

+ Enosse, v. Obs. rare. Also 5 enoyse. [?a. 
OF. enosse-r, enotsse-r, lit. to choke with a bone, 
f. en- (see En- pref!) + os bone.] trans. ?To 
choke. Only in Lydgate, in somewhat obscure fig. 
senses ; ?to baffle, perplex, hamper. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy Prol., Falshed with trouthe that 
makethe men enosed To which parte that they shall theym 
holde. c1430— Bochas u. xxviil. (1554) 65 With suche false 


accuse Or my gilte with this gilt ennose. 1530 PatsGr. 536/1. 

I ennose, I abuse (the monk of Berye Lydgate). /e abuse. 
Enostosis (enpstdu'sis). [f. Gr. &v in + doréov 

bone, on the analogy of é€daTwats.] (See quot.) 

1874 Jones & Siev. Anat. 145 If, as occasionally hap- 
pens, a bony tumour grows inward into the medullary canal 
of a bone, it is termed an Enostosis. 

Enough (‘nvf), a@., 50., and adv. Forms: 
I 3en63, sen6dh, 2-3 3enoh, (2 onoh), 2~5 inoch, 
3.2n03,inouh, inoo3,3-5in-, ynogh, -o03(h,-oh(g, 
-0u3 -oW3, -ug(h, 4 enogh(t, -03, -oh, enohw, 
ynowh, 5 inowhe, 6 in-, ynowghe, enohut, (4 
anough, -ou3,inoht,inogh, 5 enoghe, ynought), 
4-7 an-, in-, ynough(e, (4 ynowp3, 5 inowge, 
ynoughf, 6-8 enoff, inoffe, 6 yenough, 7 eno’, 
-ouch, -out, 8 enought,) 7-8 enufe, -uff, 6- 
enough. Also zorth. 4-6 in-, yneuch, -ewch(t, 
(6 aneuch(e, -gh, en(n)ewche, 7 seeneuche), 8-9 
Sc. eneuch, -gh. See also Enowl. [OE. gendz, 
later gendh adj. (used in acc. neut. as adv.), cor- 
resp. to OFris. endch, OS. ginég (Du. genoeg), 
OHG. ginuog (MHG. genuog, gentuoc, mod.G. 
genug), ON. gnégr (Sw. nog, Da. nok), Goth. 
ganbh-s:—OTeut. *gandgo-2, related to the impers. 
vb. (pret.-pres.) OK. geneah, OHG. ginah, Goth. 
ganah ‘it suffices’, f. OTeut. *ga- (see Y-) + *xah, 
occurring also with different prefix in OK. deneah 
he enjoys, requires, Goth. dzzah it is right or need- 
ful. The OTeut. root *ah:—Aryan *zak appears 
also in L. xancisct (pa. pple. wac-tus) to obtain, 
Skr. zag to reach. 

The earlier OE. form zez6z, and the forms with inflexional 
termination, have their normal phonetic representative in 
Enow. In later OE. the g when final after a long vowel 
became in most dialects 4 (=x), but when medial remained 
unchanged ; thus in this adj. the nom. sing. and the acc. 
sing. masc. and neut. became zezé, whence the mod. 
enough, while the nom. and acc. pl. were zevdge, yielding 
Enow as their regular mod. form. Hence in many dialects, 
though not in all, the word exough (or its local equivalent), 
is employed in the sing. and in the advb. uses, while ENow 
serves for the plural. In 18th c. this distinction was recog- 
nized (e. g. by Johnson) as standard English ; now, however, 
enovw is in literary use entirely superseded, exc, as an inten- 
tional archaism, by enough. | : 

The frequent ME. forms with final ¢ may possibly be due 
to influence of the ON. neut. gégt; cf. however forms like 
boght for Boucu, borcht for borch, BorouGu, etc., where 
the ¢ is merely excrescent.] : 

A. adj. Sufficient in quantity or number. 

1. in concord with sb. expressed or implied: 
a. with sb. in sing., which it usually follows. Also 
with ellipsis of sb. in sing. Also, with intensive 
force, + exough and enough. (For advbl. phrase 
+ time enough, see TIME.) 

ax000 Andreas 1536 (Gr.) Par wes ezlcum genog fram 
dzeges orde drync sona zearu! axz200 Moral Ode 235 Hi 
hem ded wa inoch. cx1aso Gex. § Ex. 3365 Ano3 adden he 
Sanne drinc. @ 1300 Cursor M. 4799 (Gétt.) Tresur enohut 
wid 3u 3e take. ¢ 1330 Roland & V.162 Thow byrd to haue 
nurtour aneuch. c1400 Destr. Troy 13119 Past of his pouer 
to pouert ynugh. 1475 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 
754 III. 130, I have pytte yow to cost, charge, and losse 
inowge. 1518 Dispatch in Ld. Berners /roiss. Pref. 1. 12 
With payne and trauayle anough, we made P gaty the 

o-2 


ENOUGHBOTE. 


Cowrte. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scoti. (1858) I. 40 It stude 
rycht stark quhair it had strenth aneuche. 1610 Suaxs. 
Temp. 1, ii, us There’s wood enough within. 1766 GoLpsm. 
Vic. W. iii, He had not resolution enough to give any man 
od by a denial, 1780 Map, D’Arstay Diary 23 Feb. 

ie play has wit enough and enough, but .. incidents 
don’t appear to me interesting. 1816 J. Witson City of 

Plague u. ii. 36 That thought is happiness Enough for me. 
1860 TynpALL Glac. 1. § 11. 74, 1.. thought that we 
light ar, a and ought to e use of it. nie 

b. with sb. in plural. Also with ellipsis of 
pl. sb. (The OE. and ME. forms with pl. inflexion 
will be found under ENow; the early examples 
below should perh. be regarded as belonging to 
the absol. use with gen. po 

¢1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 35 Mid odre wowe inohg. @ 1330 
Rom. Alexander in Roland & V. (1836) Introd. 23 About 
him com barouns anough. c¢ 1500 God Speed Plough 78 
‘Then commeth the tipped-staves for the ane 
saye they haue prisoners mo than Inough. 1» YLE 
Occas. Refi. Il. Viii. (1675) 124 "Tis not many, or few, that 
are requir'd, but enough. 1818 Cossett Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 
108 Now, there are candidates enough, who will pretend 
that they are for Reform. 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 12 
‘Two, enough and none to spare. 

2. predicatively. : 

c1040 Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 92 Genoh bid munece 
twa tunican. ax1z200 Moral Ode 389 in Trin, Coll. Hom. 
232 Crist sal one ben ino3zh alle his derlinges. 1386 
Cuaucer Clerk's T. 995 This is y-nough, Grisilde myn. 
1535 CoVERDALE 2 Sam, xxiv. 16 It is ynough, holde now 
thy hande. 1579 Spenser ShepA. Cal. June 79 Enough is me 
to paint out my vnrest. 1600 SHaxs. Son. cxxxiii, Is’t not 
ynough to torture me alone. 1649 Mitton Likon. Pref. 
B., It is anough to remember them the truth of what they 
know. 1664 ButLer xd. 1. ii. 93 Is’t not enough w’are 
bruised and kicked With sinfull members of the wicked ? 
1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. III. 213 It was enough for him 
that those bills seemed, etc. 

3. absol. in sing. That which is sufficient; as 
much as is requisite or desired. Often const. of 
(in OE. partitive genitive). Also const. to (tat) 
with inf., or for with sb., indicating the purpose. 
To have had enough (of anything); to have be- 
come tired of (it), desire no more. 

c 888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xxiv. § 4 He hefp on his agenum 

enoh. a@ 1000 Genesis 619 (Gr.) Ponne gife ic him pes 
eohtes zenoz. «@ 1200 Moral Ode 387 Inoh he haued 

hine haued. ax300 Cursor M. 13501 (Gott.) All pai 

ad enoght at ett. Hampo.e Pr. Consc. 1466 Now 
haf we megs now ne ge noght. 1377 Lanai. P. Pi. B. 
vu. 86 ite ath ynough pat hath bred ynough. 1398 Tre- 
visa Barth. De P. R. xu. vii. (1495) 417 They arere not vp 
theyr heedes whanne they drynke or they haue dronke 
inough. c1470 Henry Wadlace 1. 446 Quhen thou wantts 

ud, cum fech ynewch frame. 1526 TinpaLe Matt. xxv. 

Vot so, lest there be not ynought for vs and you. 1562 t 
Heywoop Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 159 As good ynough as a 
feast. 1568 Grarton Chron. 11. 300, I have and shall have 
inough to mainteine my poore estate, as long as I live. 
c 1645 Roxb. Ballads (1886) VI. 321 And Captain Puff will 
have enuff To make him brag and vapor. 1697 SouTH 
Servm. (1737) VI. 126 Carrying enough’ and enough about 
him to assure his final doom. 1704 London. Gaz. No. 
3989/3 The French Man having enough of it, sheared off. 
1705 Tate Warrior's Welcome ii, Enoff is Dar'd; Secure 
the Lawrels won. 1722 DE Foe Col. Fack (1840) 241, ..1 
had had enough of fighting. 1767 A. Younc Farmer’s 
Lett. People 294 The plea of growing enough for family 
use of wheat, oats, &c. is a mistaken one. 1814 JANE 
Austen Mansf. Park (1851) 65, I have had enough of the 
family for one morning. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. 
xix. 189 Augustine! Augustine!.. I’m sure you've said 
enough. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 369, 1am in want, 
and he has enough. 

b. Zo have enough to do (+ ado) to (accomplish 
something) : to have great difficulty, have to exert 
all one’s powers. (In ME. the explanatory ¢o do 
was not expressed.) 

ax154 O. E. Chron, an, 1137 Thre men hadden onoh to 
beron onne. 21340 Cursor M. 16906 (Cott.) A mikel stan to 
turn i-nogh had tuent. 1568 Grarton Chron, II. 265 They 
thought they should have ynough to do to defende the 
towne. 1622 Bacon Henry V//, 246 He had enough to do 
to saue and helpe, 1746 Six J. Core Rep. Cond. 126 She 
would have enough ate to get home. 

ec. ellipt. = ‘Enough been done, said, ete.’ ; 
quasi-inter7.; also followed by of in interjectional 
phrases. 

1340 Sir Gaw. § Gr. Knut. 1948 Ino3..1 ponk yow, bi 
rode, 1605 Suaxs. Macé. v. Sarge domed be ibe 
that first cries hold, enough. 1 Cuas. I Let. Wife in 
Rep. Comm, Hist. MSS. App. 6 But anuf of this, I know 
thy affection. 1712 E. Cooxe Voy. S. Sea 354 But enought 
of this, since it was not our Fortune to take her. 1728 Pore 
Dunc. ut. 357 Enough! enough! the ——* monarch 
cries, 1808 Scotr Marm. 1. xvi, Enough of him. 

d. Idiomatically, + His enough: = ‘ enough for 
him’ (ods.), Also (nonce-uses) as sb. with article, 

1651 N. Bacon //ist, Disc. lix. 176 It’s his enough. 1655 
Fucrer Ch, Hist. 1v. iii, § 3 If some Courtiers were to stint 
the enough of C -men, 1858 Hawrnorne /%. & Jt. 
Frnis. 11. 149 There is no enough short of a little too much, 

B. adv. (In mod. Eng. enough normally follows 
an adj. or adv. which it qualifies; in OE. and ME. 
it often preceded it, and occasional instances of 
this order occur in writings of the er century.) 

1. Sufficiently ; in a quantity or degree that satis- 
fies a desire, meets a want, or fulfils a purpose. 

888 K. AlLrrep Boeth. xxxvi. § 3 Genog sweotole me is 
bat zesed. cxa0o 7rin. Coll. Hom. ory irche is 
riche inoh. ¢x1ago Gen. & Ex. 600 It lested long 


196 


2 ar Cursor M. 8103 Bi-halden vs inogh has 

iggy Fh Occurr. (2833) 59 To assy gif thair lad- 
deris wer convenient and lang aneuch. 1535 CoveRDALE 
1 Chron. xxiii. 1 He | enositenweqeig aad hed hyved 
ynough. 1597 J. Payne Royal a he 
yf age oe ae 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729), Your 
ear e ee Ata eer itel cet cteach tod penctiond ts 
1667 ¢ Une . ; IV. 124 MW. Moxracce 

+ Xd now me enough to take m: 

word, aot BaP ag ned, Ill. 231 They ns 


are not a ee as has been recom- 
mended. 18.. CoLertpce Ch. & State (1839) 206 Enough 
thankful. 1875 Jowrerr Plato (ed. 2) 1. 161 He who is 
moderately good, and does no evil, is good enough for me. 

b. quasi-adj. qualifying a sb. used as predicate. 

1711 Appison Sfect. No. - ? 1 The Butler has been 
Fool enough to be seduced aaaaaan Mod. He was not 
man enough to confess the truth. : 

ce. ellipt., with omission of done, i.e. boiled, cooked, 
roasted, etc. Obs. exc. dial. 

©1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (790) 432 When thai 
arne ynoughf, take hem up, and let hem kele. 1658 Evetyn 
Fr. Gard. 1. iv. (1675) 294 You shall discover, if it be enough 
boyled, by putting into it a Hens egg; if it sink, it is not 
yet enough. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Tart, Bake it 
in the oven, and when enough, strew Sugar again over it. 
1796 Mrs. GLasse oe ill. 29 As soon as you find the 
greens are shrunk and fallen to the bottom.. they are 
enough. 1863 Atkinson Provinc. Danby, ptapt adv., 
sufficiently cooked, enough done (of any article of food). 

2. In vaguer sense CS heeeetier an adj. or ady.). 

a. With intensive force: Fully, quite, abun- 
dantly, as much as well could be. Now only in 
certain customary (chiefly co//og.) phrases, as sure 
enough, you know well enough, etc. Also in weaker 
sense, implying ‘a slight augmentation of the sense 
ofthe positive’ (J.), as in aptly enough oddly enough. 

¢888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xxxvi. § 3 Da cwep ic; Genog 
open hit is. ax175 Cott. Hom. 223 God wot zenoh zeare 
zif ze of ban treowe aeted. ax225 Ancr. R. 420 Sum wum- 
mon inouh reade wered pe brech of heare ful wel i-knotted. 
1300 Fall & Passion 101 in £. £. P. (1862) 15 Thsu was 
sikir ino3. a erg Bruce 1, 286 Hys landis that war 
fayr Inewch i to the lord off clyffurd gave. ¢ 1450 
Merlin iv.68 And these othir tymes I parceyved it wele 
I-nough. 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib, u. Wks. 1204/1 
This poynte is..metely playn inough. a@1568 Sempiil 
Ballates 237 The Quhyt is twiche and fresche ennewche. 
1594 Battell Balrinness in Scot. Poems 16th C. 11. 351 For 
weill aneugh they understood, 1630 Lane Sg?’s va p- 151 
note, This heard, Leyfurco with his mates thus prate, 
theare wheare weare safe enuff topp of the gate. a1774 
Goxpsm. Double Transf. 28 Though she felt his usage rough, 
Yet in a man ’twas well enough. 1783 Hates Antig. Chr. 
CA. ii. 15 Which, aptly enough, might be denominated the 
journals of the senate. 1871 Browninc Hervé Riel, You 
shall look long enough ere you come to Hervé Riel. 

b. Implying disparagement of the importance 
or relevance of a conceded proposition. 

1606 Suaxs. 77, & Cr. v. i. 57 An honest fellow enough 
-- but he has not so much Braine as eare-wax. 1719 De 
For Crusoe (1840) II. xvi. 327 Good bread enough, but 
baked as biscuits. 1822 Blackw. Mag. XII. 69 hes 
are good hog enough, when the weather’s wet and 
muggy. 1831 Macautay £ssays, Fohnson, Wks. (1866) V. 
509 ‘The conceit is wretched enough, but, etc. 1856 Mrs. 
Carty.e Lett. I]. 286 A good enough man in his way—so- 
ber and laborious, and all that. 

+Enou‘ghbote. Odés. [f. Enovcu + Bors, 
Boor sé.1] Satisfaction for an injury. 

1340 Ayend, 180 After be ssrifte comp yno3bote, pet is pe 
amendinge pet me ssel do. .bi pe rede of pe ssrivere. 

+ Enou'ghly, adv. Obs. rare—'. In 4 yno3- 
liche. [f. as prec. + -LY2%.] —, 

1340 Ayend. 55 An hondred poure mi3ten libbe and yno3- 
liche by ueld. 

Enoumbre: see EnuMBER. 

Enounce (‘nau'ns),v. [ad. F. énoncer, ad. L. 
énuntia-re (see ENUNCIATE), after the analogy of 
ANNOUNCE.] 

1. trans. To state (a proposition, principle, 
opinion) in definite terms ; = ENUNCIATE. 

1805 Foster £ss. 1v. iii. 152 Whatever sentences will — 
enounce them, 1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Logic xy. G ) 
I. 281 The A comprises the two propositi the 
one of which enounces the general rule. 1851 Sir F. Pat- 
Grave Norm. § Eng. 1.199 The proposition is incontest- 
able yet incompletely enounced. Dowpen Stud. Lit. 

ordsworth’s theory..was perhaps not enounced with 
fect clearness. : 

2. To state publicly ; to proclaim. 
ant T. Tuomson Chem. I. 222 Landriani .. enounced 

te 


z 


f of his opinion. tHey Sir 7. More UL. 233 

0) without d the most revolutionary senti- 

ments. 1834 Fraser's Mag. X. 722 Plunkett enounced ., 
the following to be his deli e sentiments. 


3. To utter, pronounce (words, etc.) ; cf. ENUN- 
CIATION, 

1829 Soutnry Add for Love 1x, At his command the Cho- 
rister Enounced the het’s song, 1852A. M, Bett Zlocut. 
Man, (1859) 58 The student should be able to enounce these 
[sounds] independently. 1857 C. Brontit Professor I. xiv. 
235 Language enounced with such steam-engine haste. 

Enouncement (/nawnsmént). [f prec. + 
-MENT.] The action of enouncing; a definite 


statement, ee ke oc lots 
1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxxviii. (1 - 353 
The ; of this criterion was..a qreek deowrery 


ENOW. 


the science of mind. Dove Logic Chr. 
Rp ep gl el i Foe. 


+ Enow le, v. Oés. vare. Also 5 enhoril. [as 
if a. Fr. *enourler, f. en (see EN- pref.) + ourler 
to edge) trans. To border ; ?to surround. _ 

cas » BE. Allit. P. B. 19 pe kyng pat al weldez .. With 
angelez enot ia alla bat Ie close. ? a1400 Morte Arth, 
3244 Enhorilde with arborye and alkyns trees, 

Enourn: see Evory. 

Enow (fnaw’), a. and adv.1 Now only arch. 
and dia/, Forms: a. (with apparent traces of 
pl. inflexion) 1 gend6ze, 2 indge, 3-5 in-, ynoghe, 
-ogh3e, -03e, -ozhe, -ohe, -ouje, in-, ynowe, 
-Ow3e, 4-5 anowe, (5 enoghe, enughe, inowhe), 
3-6 ynowe, 6 enowe. 8. (without traces of in- 
flexion) 3-5 in-, ynou, 3-7 in-, ynow, (4-6 
inew, ynew, 4 aney, 6-9 Sc. anew, 8-9 dial. 
enew, enoo), 4~- enow. [See Enoucu. The forms 
of ExnoueH enow cannot always be discrimi- 
nated with certainty, as the phonetic value of the 
ME. and early mod. 3, gh, was not uniform. The 
same graphic form, indeed, may sometimes repre- 
sent two different pronunciations, one belonging 
to each series.] 


. adj. 
1°‘ The plural of EnovcH’ ok (The recent 
literary use is almost peculiar to Sc. writers.) 


Beowulf 3103 (Gr.), Ze Renoge ne on sceawiad beagas 
and vend our cx Peet Be pe Cnut in Cod. Dipl. VI. 183 
Leofric eorl, and pd Claes, and, Seed. 208 oe 
menoge. c117§ Lamb. Hom, 13 Ic eou wille 3euen wela and 
westme inoje. ¢ 1200 ORMIN 79 t witenn menn ino3he. 
a 1225 Leg. Kath. 514 Ah wordes pu hauest inohe. a 1300 
Cursor M. 4563 (Gott.) In a medow sliht, floures and gress 
i-now ifand. ¢1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 921 He kest the bor 
doun hawes anowe. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 558 His Systir 
Son him slew, And faa als, ma then Inew. @ 1400-50 
Alexander 3931 Bernes was di3t pe deth with dintis enoghe. 
¢ 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 76 God hab mercies y-now in 
stoore Fora pousand worldis. 1486 Bk, St. Albans Cjb, 
Yeue hir birdis Inow both morow and euyn. _1§13 DovucLas 
nes U1. vii. (vi.) 23, I than, by cleir takynnis anew, Mani- 
festlie all the Greikis falsheid knew. 1535 CoveRDALE 
Ezek, xxxix. 10 They shall haue weapens ynew to burne. 
1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 67 He would be sure 
to name windes enovve, c161x CHapman //iad xx. 24 His 
mere looks threw darts enow t’impress Their pow’rs with 
trembling. 1656 SANDERSON Sermt, (1689) 266 The Devil will 
be sure to suggest enow of these pretensions. 1702 AppI- 
son Dial. Me i. 24, I think there are at Rome enow 
modern works of Architecture to bay eid any reasonable 
man. 1752 Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) 1. 23 There are enow 
of zealots on both sides. 1820 Scott /vanhoe xxxii, Take 
with you enow of men. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 1. 254 
Enow was formerly used as the plural of enough; but it is 
now obsolete. 1828 Stevart Planter’s G. 253 Accidents 
enow will ha » without aggravating them bs careless- 
ness, 1868 G. Macponatp Eng. “Antiphon 210 Without yet 
feito generated thoughts enow concerning the subject 
itself. 

b. peor: 

1647 May Hist. Parl. Pref. 5 Any English man, whose 
yeares have been enow to make him know the Actions that 
were done. 1760 Sterne Serm. Vorick (1773) 1V. 3x As if 
the causes of anguish in the heart were not enow. 1796 C. 
MarsHALL Ga . xii. (1813) 154 Three or four [fruits] on 


a long and strong branch are quite enow. 1825 Scorr 
Talism. xix, Those charges, which there are enow to bring 
against him in his absence. 
ce. absol. = ‘persons enough’, 
1583 Stusses Anat, Abus. u. 25 
than a good meanie. Crasnaw Steps Te e 
Soein inenck., sip aatweta. Sippel Skgiiendan ah 
Spain in sacl HADWELL ae 5 
ou wilt surely have Enow to court thee. 
c 
2. As adj. sing. = ENouGH a. 1a. 
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 388 Pe and Roberd..wyp gret 
ost and to come, @ 1300 Cursor M. 


ynou 
Gott.) nacion sprang folienou. 1393 Lancv. P. 
P, xv. . en ena pan ynowe. ¢1420 Chron, 


of fysshe wa 147% 
tt. 670 III. hg ham hey 1 new of myn 
Comper Comp. (1702) 90 And hence we 
enow to ess our Sins. 
b. predicatively ; = ENnovuan a. 2. 

a1200 Moral Ode 385 in Lamb, Hom. 183 Crist scal one 
beon inou , alle his darllages. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 
v. i, That’s enow a’ conscience! 1814 Byron Lara 1, 
xxviii, It was enow To seal his lip, but agonise his brow. 

c. absol, = ENOUGH a. 3. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 27601 (Cott.) Inow no mai man find o baa. 
1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle u. oe Coe saawe to doo for 
many a day herafter. a@ Sir 
wol tornay or fy3the, He have 
Trag. Philotas in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 275, I know t’have 


. lond 
1297 R. Grove. (1724) 83 fh “oa Fe ot eee 


wel ynow, ¢1300 2213 Honurede 

Dae pbe nd: c — a 
Lorde I-noghe [7 ri. now liued have 1385 
Guavcnn 2 GW. Boy Tisbe, i) myn wounde large 
I-now I gesse, 1449 % 295, It weel 
ynow3 accorde with resoun, a 1553 Upatt Royster D. 1. ii. 
(Arb.) 14 Bee of good cheere ; anon ye shall doe well ynow. 
1676 Honpes /iad xin, 271 Or if you had been hurt tis 
sure enow, Nor in your back nor neck had been the wound. 


ENOW. 


borrow! 1870 Morris Zarthly Par, II. ww. 235 Bright 
enow With gold and gems. 
b. edi~t. = Enovuan aav, 1c. 

1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 451 When hit 
is innowe take hit up. 7 

Enow (nau), adv.2 dial, [?Short for e’en 
(=even) now, (But cf. Ger. tm nu, Sw. z detta nu.)] 
Just now (Sc.) ; by and by ; presently. 

1816 Scorr A xtig. xxiv, ‘We canna howk for’t enow.’ 1855, 
Rosinson Whitby Gioss., I will come enow. 

Enoy, -ing, var. of Ennoy, -1nG, Oés. 

Enoynt, obs. var. ANornt ff/. a. (obs.) and v. 

Enoyse, var. of ENosE v. Obs. 

Enp-: see Emp-. 

Enpair, obs. form of Imparr. 

+ Enpa‘relling, vd/. sb. Ods., var. of APPAREL- 
LING vél. sd. 

_ 1496 Will Snaw (Somerset Ho.), Towards the garnessh- 
ing & enparellyng of the Image of saynte Mary Magdalene 
in the chapell of Yelde Hall of London. 

|| En passant (ai pasai), adv. [Fr.] 

1. In passing; by the way; in the course of a 
narrative, etc. 

1665 Boye Occas. Refl., Disc. Medit. (1675) 57 Having 
given you this Advertisement, ex fassant, we may now 
proceed. 1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God I. viii. 162 We 
ought not to receive them but ez Passant, and by the 
way. 1838S. Lover Handy Andy iii, His pursuer .. gave 
a back-handed slap at the window-bottles, ex passant. 1860 
Aver Fauriel’s Prov. Poetry viii. 161 It is sufficient .. to 
indicate .. e Jassant the existence of the histories in ques- 
tion. 

2. Chess. Zo take (a pawn) en passant: to take 
with one of your own pawns an adyersary’s pawn 
that has been moved forward two squares, passing 
over the square on which it would by the general 
tule have been liable to capture by your pawn. 

+ Enpay'n, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. OF. enpain-er, 
f. en (see En- pref!) + OF. patne (mod. pezne) 
trouble.] vef. To put oneself to pains; to exert 
oneself, 

¢ 1380 Sir Feruimb. 633 Eyper enpaynede him other to slo. 
+ Enperr, v. Ods. rare—'. [? corruptly ad. OF. 
aperir, ad, L. aperire to open.] trans. ? To 
open, make plain. 

c 1420 Anturs of Arth, xix, Prophetes haue told, And en- 
perit to the pepulle in hor preching. 

+ Enpi‘te, v. Obs. [? f. En-1 + pite, Prty.] trans. 
? To affect with compassion, touch the heart of. 

c 1400 Test, Love u. (1560) 284/2 Yet I am glad and greatly 
enpited, how continually thou haddest me in mind, 

nplant, enpowder, etc.: see Ip-. 
+Enpraynt. 0s. rare. [a. OF. empreinte 
(see IMPRINT), f. empretndre:—Lat. imprimoére, f. 
tz- upon + primére to press.] A shock, encounter. 
¢ 1489 Caxton Sounes Aymon xx. 453 Eche of them over- 
threw vii knightes at that enpraynt. 

Enprent, obs. var. Imprint. 

+Enpresoné. Sc. Obs. rare. Also enpre- 
sowné ; pl. -eis, -eys. [a. F. emprisonné put in 
prison.] A prisoner. 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vill. xxvii. 14 Na man..durst say 
..pat he Wes yholden before Enpresowné. Jééd. vit. xxvil. 
141 Pe Kyng gert cry All be enpresowneys slayne to be. 

+ Enpre'’ss, v. Obs. rare. Also 4 enprece. 
[a. OF. enpresse-r, f. en- (see En-1) + presser to 
Press, See Lpress.] ¢vans. To press hard upon ; 
to oppress. Also adsol. 

c1325 £. E. Allit. P. C. 43 As pouert enpresses. Jdid. 
528 When pouerte me enprecez. 

Enpress, obs. var. of EMprIsE, 

c1zzg E. E. Allit. P. A. 1096 Pis noble cite of ryche en- 
presse Watz sodanly ful with-outen sommoun Of such ver- 
gynez. 

nprint, enprison, enproper: sce IMpr-. 

Enprowe, obs. form of Improve. 

Enpugne, obs. var. Impuen. 

+Enquarrter, v. Ods. Also 7 inquarter. 
[f En-1+ Quarter sd, Cf, Ger. eixquartieren, 
= sense I.] : 

1. vans. To put (troops) into quarters; to billet. 
Also adsol, 

1642 Cuartes I Declar. about Brentford x0 Part of it [the 
army] was inquartered at Brainford. 1673 H. Srusse 
Further Vind. Dutch War To Rdr. 9 Neither could the 
Captain General .. enquarter in any City, without the Con- 
sent of the Province. 4 i _ 

2. Her. To place (armorial bearings) in a quarter 
of the shield ; to quarter. 

1622-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 204 Varying the Coat 
of France, which they enquartered with their own. 1635 
Brereton Trav. (1844) 135 The arms of this see. .and Bishop 
Hampton’s own coat arms enquartered together. 

Hence Enquarrtering vd/. sd., the action of 
placing (troops) in quarters, or of going into 
quarters. r 

1639 Lawes & Ord. Warre 14 Their marching, retreating, 
or enquartering in or thorow any townes or countryes. 

Enquere, obs. var. Enquire, Eyquire. 

+ Enquerouresse. zonce-wd. [f. OF. en- 
quereour one who holds a judicial inquiry + -Ess.] 
A female inquisitor. 

¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode u. viii. (1869) 78 Art thou 

y ? or anewe enq ? Shewe thi commission, 


197 


Enquest, obs. form of INQUEST. 


+ Enque’stion. Ods. rare—'. [a. OF. engues- 
tion.} Question, inquiry. 

@1641 Br. R. Mountracu Acts & Mon. (1642) 55 Three 
Divines of Spaine. . haue of purpose defended and explained 
that Doctrine without taxe, enquestion, or imputation. 

+ Enqueyntance. Obs. = ACQUAINTANCE 1. 

1297 R. Gouc. (1724) 330 Pat ne wylnede enqueyntance 
of hym. ' 

Enquicken : see En- pref! 3. 

Enquiet, -ation, etc.; see Inquiet, etc. 

+Enquile, v. Obs. rare—'. [a. OF. en- 
cuetllir (written also angillir) to take. See 
AQUILE.] ¢vans. To obtain. 

e1325 £. E. Addit. P. C. 39 And by quest of her quoyntyse 
enquylen on mede. 

Enquire (enkwai'e1), v. An alternative form 
of Inquire, The mod. Dicts. give ixguire as the 
standard form, but evguire is still very frequently 
used, esp. in the sense ‘to ask a question”. For 
the relation in history and use between the two 
forms, see InquirE. Hence Enquirer, Enquiry, 
etc., for which see the forms with In-. 

+Emra‘ce, v. Obs. rare. [f. Ex-1+ Race sd.] 
zrans. To introduce into a race of living beings ; 
to implant. Hence Enra‘ced /f/. a., that is im- 
planted in the race, inborn, inbred. 

@1577 Sir T. Smitu Commw. Eng. (1633) 56 The enraced 
love of tenants..to such Noblemen. 1590 SpENSER /*. Q. 
ut. v. 52 He it fetcht out of her native place, And did in 
stocke of earthly flesh enrace. 1596 — yan Beauty 114 
When she in fleshly seede is eft enraced. 

+ Enra‘ch, v. Obs. rare—}. [ad. OF. exrach-ier, 
corrupt var. of esrachier: see ARACHE.] ¢razs. 
To tear out, ravish. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 137 Myne only lady and maystres 
also, Whose goodly beaute hath my harte enrached. 

+ Enra‘cined, #//. a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Fr. 
enraciné, f. en- (see En- prefl) + racine root.] 
That has taken root, rooted. 

1656 Sir R. Gorvon Hist. Earls Sutherl. 295 (Jam.), A 
quarrell .. deiplie grounded, and enracined for many other 
preceiding debates, 


+ Enra‘ge, sd. Obs. [f. next.] Rage, fury. 

150z Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) v. iii. 377 Is 
multyplyed the enrage of enuy of those the whiche ben 
dampned. 

Enrage (enréi'dz), v. Also 6-8 in-. [ad. OF. 
enrage-r, f. en- (see EN- pref.1) + rage rabies, RAGE. 

The Fr. word is used only intr. ; the trans. use in Eng. 
appears to have arisen (c 1600) from the pa. pple. exraged 
(= Fr. envagé) taken as passive. ] ; . 

+1. intr. To be distracted, ‘driven wild’ (by 
hunger, thirst). Const. for [after Fr. exrager de 


Saim, soif|. Obs. 

1soz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) v. ii. 364 Nor 
never shall cease to. .enrage for thyrste. 1523 Lp. BERNERS 
Frotss. I, cxlvi. 174 So sore strayned that we haue nat to 
lyue withall, but .. muste all dye, or els enrage for famyn. 
1557 PayneL Barclay’s Fugurth 95 Serpentes whiche were 
so muche more violent and fiers for lacke of meat... as al 
other wilde beastes be wont to inrage for honger. 

+2. To get into a rage, become very angry. Obs. 

@1533 Lp. Berners Huon civ. 345 He enraged & was 
nere out of his wyt. 1632 Lirucow Trav. x. 466 Whereat 
the Alcalde, inraging, set my teeth asunder with a payre of 
iron cadges. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia 1x. x. V. 192 My 
father .. will only enrage at the temerity of offering to con- 
fute him. ; 

+3. Of famine, persecution, etc. : To rage. Obs. 

1560 Biste (Genev.) £x. Arg., The more that the tyranny 
of the wicked enraged against his Church. 1606 WARNER 
Alb, Eng. xiv. xcii. (1612) 372 Such famine had inrag’d 
within the walles so sore. 4 ; 

+4. Pa. pple. Maddened (with anger, love, pain, 
etc.) ; inspired with poetic frenzy. Also, affected 


with rabies. 

1513 DouGias 4ineis xi. v. 20 And sine, half deill en- 
ragit..in ruschis he Amyd the rowt. 1592 SHaks. Ven. § 
Ad. 317 His love, perceiving how he is enraged, Grew 
kinder. @1619 FotHersy Atheom. 1. xiv. § 3 (1622) 151 
Yea one that is inraged, not with frenzie, but with furie. 
1635 Swan Sfec. M. vi. § 4 (1643) 252 Such as are enraged 
by the biting of a mad dog. 1650 Eart Monmovutx tr. 
Senault’s Man become Guilty 65 Poets droop, when not in- 
raged. 1697 Dryven Virg. Georg. 11. 388 To battel Tygers 
move; Enrag’d with pig Pl more enrag’d with Love. 
1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. xiv. 293 The poor beast, en- 
raged with the wounds, was no more to be governed. | 

. trans. To throw into arage; to make furious, 
exasperate ; also with ov, and adsol. 

1589 Warner Ab. Eng. vi. xxx. (1612) 149 Successlesse 
therefore, and inrag’d. 1590 SPENSER F.Q. 1. i. 1 ere- 
with enrag’d she loudly gan to bray. 1597 SHaxs. 2 Hen. /V, 
Iv. i. 211 Like an offensive wife, That hath enrag’d him 
on, to offer strokes. 1605 — Macd. ut. iv. 118 Question 
enrages him. 1624 Bepext Lett. iv. 7% The Protestants 
making the Pope Antichrist. .is a point that inrageth much 
at Rome. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1. 698, I reing King, and 
to enrage thee more, Thy King and Lord. 1709 STannore 
Paraphr. IV. 53 Shall we be inraged and impatient for 
Affronts and Disgrace. 1774 Gotpsm, Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 
103 He [the dog] stands enraged and barking. 1864 Slack- 
JSriars 11, 224 Little the worse for..his fall, but madly 
enraged at the galling mischance. 1872 Darwin Emotions 
x. 240 Aman may intensely hate another, but until his bodily 
frame is affected, he cannot be said to be enraged. 

+6. transf. a, To add fury or violence to; to 


ENRAPT. 


make violent or virulent; to exacerbate. b. To 
cause heat or fever in (the blood, a wound). Odés. 

&@. c1g00 Melusine 164 The see was enraged thrugh the 
stormes and horryble tempeste. 1614 RALEIGH Hist. World 
Iv. i. § 1. 457 Great rivers are at once swollen, fast running 
inraged. 1639 Futter Holy War v. xv. (1840) 269 Un- 
wholesome diet enraging the climate against us. 1656 
Rinctey Pract. Physick 49 A double poyson, one putrifying 
which is enraged by suppurating remedies. 1692 E. WALKER 
Epictetus’ Mor. xxi, To tell him he’s mistaken will inrage 
His grief. 1713 Younc Last Day u. 248 Angels drive on 
the wind’s impetuous course, T’enrage the flame. 1759 B. 
Martin Nat. Hist. Eng., Somerset 1. 84 Enrages the Gout 
or strikes it in. 

b. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hex. JV, 1.i. 144 My Limbes (Weak’ned 
with greefe) being now inrag’d with greefe, Are thrice 
themselues. 1626 G. Sanpys Ovid’s Met. vi. 119 In-bred 
lust Inrag’d his blood. 1635 R. Botton Com. Affi. Consc. 
v. 215 They will .. rather enrage the wound, then weaken 
the rage. 1693 R. Lype Recov. Friend's Adventure in Arb. 
Garner VII. 449 My left thumb .. was very much swelled 
and enraged. 

Enraged (enréi-dgd), pp/. a. [f. prec. +-Ep1.] 

+1. In various senses. Of matter: Enfevered, 
vitiated. Of creatures: Made furious, maddened. 
Of men: Savage. Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. \ii. (1495) 173 Bones 
often tymes ben greuyd of fretynge and gnawynge of wode 
and enragyd matere. 1. BELLENDEN Livy v. (1822) 449 
Bot the place and hichtis quhare thay dwell has maid thame 
sa enragit and wilde. 160x Hotianp Pliny II. 226 All the 
horses..become inraged. 1652 HowELt MJasaniello, 2nd 
Part 47 Like so many enraged lions. 

+2. Of desires, passions, etc.: Inflamed, ardent, 
furious. Ods. or arch. 

1580 SipNey Arcadia (1622) 166 With the sword of reuerent 
dutie gaine-stand the force of so many enraged desires. 1599 
Suaks. Much Ado u. iii. 103 But... she loves him with an 
inraged affection, it is past the infinite of thought. 1651 
Life Father Sarpi (1676) 50 Such an inraged hatred. 

3. Of persons: Thrown into a rage, infuriate. 

1732 BerKeLey Alciphr. 11. § 16 Would you help an en- 
raged man to his sword? 1757 Burke Abridgm, Eng. Hist. 
Wks. X. 466 He was unwilling to keep pace with the 
violence of that enraged bishop. 1855 Macavtay //is¢. 
Lug. IV. 526 The prosecutors had with difficulty escaped 
from the hands of an enraged multitude. 

Hence Enra‘gedly adv., in an enraged manner, 
furiously. Enra‘gedness, the state or condition 
of being enraged. 

a1572 Knox //ist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 178 Then more 
enraigedlye, thei cry, ‘We shall never departe till that _we 
see him’. 1639 Cuarves I Declar, Tumults Scot. 37 The 
barbarous multitude run most inragedly upon them, 1611 
Cotcr., Furie, enragednesse, frenzie, madnesse. 

Enragement (enréi'dzmént). [f. Enracu v. 
+-MeENT.] The action of enraging ; the state or 
condition of being enraged. ‘+ Also in good 
sense: Rapture. 

1596 SPENSER Hymn Heav. Love 286 With sweete enrage- 
ment of celestiall love. 1648 J. Goopwin Right §& Might 8 
They .. were now under a great additionall enragement. 
1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 78 By symptomatical en- 
ragements of that furibund animal. 1881 D. C. Murray 
Joseph's Coat 1. viii. 169 Examining the drawing there to 
John’s satisfaction and Geares enragement. 

Enraging (enréi-dzin), ppl.a. rare. [f. ENRAGE 
v. +-ING”.] Thatenrages ; provoking, exasperating. 
(So Fr. enrageant.) 

1880 Disrae.i Exdym. xii. 47 Myra was always unmoved 
and enraging from her total want of sensibility. 

+ Enrai‘l, v. Ods. Also 6 inrayl, 7 inrail. 
[f. En-1 + Rain sd. and v.] ¢vans. To enclose 
with, or as with, a railing. Also fg. 

1523 SKELTON Garl, Laurel 656 The bankes .. Enrailid 
with rosers. 1594 Hooker Eccé, Pol. 1v. xiii. (1604) 200 The 
same if any part doe wilfully violate, it may be reformed 
and inrayled againe. 1607 F. Mason Axthoritie of Ch. 9 
God hath inrailed their authoritie with certaine bounds and 
limits which they may not passe. 

Hence Enrai‘led /7/. a. 

1714 Gay Trivia u. (R.), Where fam’d St. Giles’s ancient 
limits spread, An enrail’d column rears its lofty head. 

+ Enra‘nge, v. Ods. Also 6 enraunge. ?In 
Spenser only. [f. En-1 + Rance sé. and v.] 

1. trans. To place in a range or rank ; to arrange. 

1590 SPENSER /. Q. 11. xii. 5 After whom marcht a jolly 
company, In manner of a maske, enranged orderly. 1596 
— Hymn Heav. Beauty 83 More faire is that, where those 
Idees on hie Enraunged be, which Plato so admyred. 

2. To range or ramble in (a forest). 

1596 SPENSER /’. Q. vi. ii. 9 In all this forrest and wyld 
wooddie raine Where, as this day I was enraunging it. 

Enrank (enre'nk), v. Also 7 enranck. [f. 
En-1+4 Rank s6.] trans. To set in a rank or row ; 
esp. to draw up (soldiers) in order of battle. 

gg Suaks. 1 Hen, VJ, 1. i. 115 No leysure had he to en- 
ranke his men, 1610 Heatry St. Aug. Citie of God 585 
Hee begat the sonne who is enranked in this genealogicall 
rolle. 1613-6 W. Browne Brit. Past. u. i, His rusty teeth 
..Did through his pallid cheekes .. Bewray what number 
wereenranckt within. 1834 Fraser's Mag. IX. 119 Her sons, 
thus side to side Enranked. ' ; 

|| En rapport (anrappr). In relation (wth) ; 
in mesmeric ‘rapport’ : see RAPPORT. 

Enrapt (enrept), gp/e. [f. En-l + Rapr.] 
* Carried away’ by prophetic ecstasy ; hence, ab- 
sorbed in contemplation, enraptured. 

1606 Suaxs. Tr. § C7, v. iii. 65, I myself Am like a Pro- 
phet suddenly enrapt. 31790 A, Witson Javocation Poet. 


ENRAPTURE. 


Wks. (1846) 53 Enrapt with the the bard gazed 
around, 1805 Worpsw. Prelude x. (1850) 289 On the 
eT spectacle..I gazed Enrapt. F 

This sense is in some applications undistin- 
guishable from the fig. sense of enwraft (see EN- 
wrap v., and cf. Shaks. Zwel. NM. Iv. iii. 3). 
Hence a frequent confusion between the two 
words. In the following passage Johnson regards 
enrapt as erroneously written for exwrapt: 

¢ 1730 Pore, etc. Mart. Scriblerus (1742) 130 Nor hath he 
been so enrapt in these Studies as to neglect, etc. 

Enrapture (enrz'ptiiiz), v. Also 8 inrapture. 
[f En-1+ Raproure.] soar. 

1. ¢rans. To throw into a rapture, inspire with 
overmastering poetic fervour. Only in Aasszve. 

1742 P. Francis tr. Horace’ Odes ww. ii. (1807) New words 
he rolls enraptur'd down Impetuous through the dithy- 
rambic strains. 1827 [see EwrarPTurReED 1]. 

2. To delight intensely. - 

1740 Dyer Ruins Rome 134 The brow We gain enraptur'd. 
1821 Moore /rish Mel. Poet. Wks. (1850) 200 Such eyes, As 
before me .. enraptured I see. 1866 Gro. Exior /. Holt 
(1868) 12 She had not been enraptured when her son had 
written. .that, etc. AZod. He quite enraptured his audience. 

Enraptured (enre'ptiiiud), ppl. a. [f. prec. 
v.+-ED!,] 

1. Full of poetic rapture. 

175t J. Brown Shaftesh, Charac. ; 9 The inraptured 
strains of Philocles. 1827 Keste Chr. Y., Circumcision xii. 
4 One high enraptured strain. 

2. Rapturously delighted ; entranced, ravished. 

1757 Hurp Poet. Imitation Wks. (1811) II. 146 Hardly 
considered by the inraptured thought as fiction. @ 1763 
Suenstone Poems Chalm. XIII. 308 Oft gazing on her 
shade, th’enraptured fair Decreed the substance well de- 
serv'd her care. 1836 J. Gitpert Chr. Atonem. iv. (1852) 
62 They broke forth in strains of enraptured admiration. 
1853 Ropertson Sevm. Ser. mt. ii. (1872) 26 Its glories. .pour 
in melody upon the enraptured ear. 

Enrapturer (enre‘ptiiirer). [f. ENRAPTURE + 
-ER.] One who or that which enraptures. 

1850 L. Hunt Axtobiog. I. viii. 300 Evil ..is..the crown 
of patience, the enrapturer of the embraces of joy. 

Enrapturing (enre'ptitirin), Af/. a. [f. En- 
RAPTURE + -ING*.] That enraptures, or trans- 
ports with delight; entrancing, ravishing. 

1801 Moore Catalogue ii. 13 This lesson of dear and en- 
rapturing lore I have never forgot. 1883 J. Parker A fost. 
Life 1. 299 An unutterable and enrapturing expectation. 

+ Enra‘se, v. Obs. rare—'. [var. of ARASE: 
see En-1 A. 2.] ¢rans. To erase, obliterate. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 159 b/1 For the 
loue of Johan my seruaunte thy synne is enrased oute. 

+Emra‘vel, v. Os. rare. Also 7 inravel. 
[f. En-1+ Raven, Sc., rail.] ¢vans. To enclose 
within railings. Hence Enra‘velled Z//. a. 

1632 Lirucow Trav. 1x. 410 A gaudy beede inraueled be- 
tweene fiue small fast made irons. /éid. x. 441 Two milk 
white Hennes, enraueled in an Iron Cage. Jé7d. i. 32 The 
inravled images with sparrets of iron, 

Enravish (enre‘vif). xave in mod, use. Also 
6-7 inravish. [f. En-1+ Ravisn.] ¢rans. To 
transport with intense delight ; to enrapture. 

1596 SpeNsER Hymn Love 119 What wonder then if with 
such rage extreme, Fraile men..so much enrauisht bee? 
1596 Fitz-Gerrray Sir F. Drake (1881) 25 Whose Muse is 
so inravish’d with the lookes Which from your Mistresse 
ivorie browes do fall. 1677 HALLYWELL Saving Souls 88 (T.) 
Which cannot but enravish every generous breast. a1714 
Asp. SHarp Serm. (1829) II. 458 We shall. .spend the whole 
eternity..in loving God..in being enravished with all his 
wise contrivances. 

Hence Enra‘vished /#/. a. 

1662 H. More Lnthus. Tri. (1712) 45 The divine Love 
and Beauty descending into their enravished Souls. [Not 
in ed. 1656.] : 7 

+Emra‘vishing, #//. a. [f. prec. + -1NG?.] 
That enravishes ; enrapturing, delightful. 

1681-6 J. Scott Chr. Life V. 30 The most sublime and 
enravishing objects. 1685 H. More //lustration 376 Such 
enravishing news. @1714 App, SHARP Serm, Wks. (1829) 
I. 55 These [the pleasures of religion] are of so excellent a 
kind, so delicious, so enravishing that, etc. 

Hence Enra‘vishingly adv. 

1687 H. More Aff, Antid. (1712) 221 The subtilty of the 
Matter [spiritual matter] will more .. enravishingly move 
the Nerves, than any terrestrial Body can possibly. 

Enravishment (enre‘vifmént). rave. [f. EN- 
RAVISH ¥. + -MENT.] 

1. The state of being enravished. 

1656 H. More Axtid. Ath. (1712) Ep. Ded, 2 Plato, if he 
were alive again ., to the enravish of his Soul 
might behold Vertue become visible. 

. An emotion that forms part of such a state ; 
an ecstatic or rapturous feeling. 

1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sci. xxiv. (R.), The enravishments 
of her [Nature's] transported admirers. 

+ Enrea‘son, v. Obs. rave—'. In 3 enreson. 
{a. OF. envesoner, enraisonner to address, talk 
to, f. en- (see En- pref.!) + raison Reason.] trans. 
To — in words, 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 34 [Canute] enresonede hys men, as 
hii byuore hym soda. . . 

Enregiment (enredz’mént), v.  [ad. Fr. en- 
régimenter, f. en- (see En- pref.1) + régiment 
Reoiment.] trans, To form into a regiment 


198 


or © body; hence, to bring under rule 


and 


Fr 's Mag. X1. 560 The writers .. 
service of diffusion. an T. G. Bowes Flotsam & Fetsam 
118 An atom in a mass of other men to be. .enregimented. 
(enre'dzistas), v. rare in mod. use. 
Also 6 enregester, 6-7 inregister, 8 enrigister. 
a Fr. enrvegistrer, f. en- (see EN- pref.) + registre 
ISTER sb. ; 

1. ¢vans. To enter in a register or official record. 

1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim, san Our sinnes .. he 
[Gan hath not forgotten .. they are Logg som 2 before 
him. 1591 Horsey 7rav. (857) App. 350 my age 
the agent in writing, 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 
9 Fixed a copious Scedule ore his head, Where all his 
mischiefes are inregistred. 1795 tr. Barruel’s Hist. Clergy 
Fr. Rev. 240 Enregister their names. 1850 W. Irvinc 
Mahomet xiii. (1853) 60 The Syrian Greeks came in .. to 
have their names enregistered in the book of tributaries. 

b. transf. and jig. 

1523 Lp. Berners Fvoiss. I. i. 1 That the honorable and 
noble aventures of feates of armes .. shulde notably be in- 
registered. 1596 Spenser Hymn Heav. Love 130 Asina 
brasen booke, To read enregistred in every nooke His 
om. a 1631 Donne //ist. Serer (1633) 217 He 

ath himself written and inregistred his own proper faults. 
1831 Fraser's Mag. 111. 323 We now have the wild follies 
of those Alchemists enregistered as a warning. 

2. To put on record as law; to ratify and put 
on record. 

1651 Life Father Sarfi (1676) 88 The Court .. do their 
uttermost endeavour to enregister and authenticate the 
exclusion of Princes. 1702 Anguts in Herba 31 He obliged 
himself to enrigister the Renunciation in the Council of 
State. 1819 SHELLEY Cencé u. i. 147 Executioners Of his 
decree enregistered in heaven. 1838-9 Hatta //ist. Lit. 
III. m1. vii. 364 Letters patent .. which the Parliament of 
Paris enregistered with great reluctance. 

Hence Enre‘gistering vé/. sd. 

1604 E. G. D’Acosta’s Hist. Indies w. vi. 222 The first 
discovery and inregistring of the Mines of Potozi. 1791 
Paine Rights M. (ed. 4) 100 The Parliament .. ordered 
the enregistering to be struck out. 

Enre‘gistrate, a. nonce-wd. [f. prec. +-ATE.] 
Placed on permanent record. 

1599 James I BagtA. Awpoy (1603) 117 Your writing which 
is nothing else but a forme of en-registrate speech. 

+ Enre'gi . Obs. rare. [f. ENREGISTER ¥.; 
cf. registry.] The action of enregistering (a law). 

1825 T. JEFFERSON A utobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 70 The deter- 
mined opposition of the Parliament to their [‘the taxes’] 
enregistry. 

+Enrheu'm, v. Ods. [ad. OF. enrheum-er 
(mod. exrhumer), f. en- (see EN- br) +rheume, 
ad. Gr. fedu-a RuEuM.] ¢rans. To affect with 
rheum or catarrh; to give a cold to. 

1666 G. Harvey Mord. Angi. xiv. 170 The party .. hath 
taken could, and is enrheumed. 

Enrib: see En- pref.1 1 a. 

Enrich (enri't{), v. Forms: a. 4-6 enrych, 
6 enriche, (enritch, Sc. enreache), 5— enrich. 
8. 6 inrych, 6-8 inrich(e. [a. Fr. enrich-ir, f. 
en- (see En- pref.) + riche rich.] 

1. trans. To make rich, wealthy, or opulent. 
Also absol. 

x Wycuir Gen. xxx. 20 The Lord hath enrychide me 
with a good dower. c1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. 
(1714) 142 He hath than enryched his Corowne with such 
Riches and Possessions, as never Kyng schal may take 
from 1530, Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 8 § 1 Denizens. .after 
they so inriched .. convey themselves, with their said 
Goods, to their own Country. a@1§72 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 
1846 I. 398 Nor yitt to enreache the Crowne .. with 
substance. 1677 YaRRANtoON Engl. /mprov. 6x Set all the 
poor in England at work, and much inrich the Country. 
1732 BerkeLry A/cifhr. u. § 2 Many men are enriched by 
all the forementioned ways of trade. 1838 Emerson Addr. 
Camb. Mass. Wks. (Bohn) II. 191 Thefts never enrich ; 
alms never impoverish. 1856 Kane Arct. _ I. xvii. 
209 Enriching them in return with needles and 

b. reff. and (rarely) intr. for reft. 

1525 Lp. Berners Foiss. Il. xcii. (Ixxxviii.] 273 Their 
desyre is euer to enryche and to haue all e. 1549 
Cuexe Hurt Sedit. Bib, But and we beyng wery of 
pouertye woulde seke to enryche ourselues we shold go, etc. 
me acauay Hist, Eng. I. 654 That they were able to en- 
rich themselves by soodiousatrade. 1880 B. Pricrin Fraser's 
Mag. May 677 Enabling industry to expand and enrich. 

2. fig. To make rich, endow, with mental or 
spiritual wealth. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iv. 43 Sacer- 
dotales the whiche is as moche for to saye as enryched and 
ennobled with holy mysteryes. 1597 Hooker Zce?. Pol. v. 
lxxviii, Men ppooalty enritcht with the gifts of the Hol 
Ghost. ke. Com. Prayer, For R. Family, Enric 
them with thy heauenl — 1730 THomMson Autumn 
1353 Enrich me with the knowledge of thy works. 1838 

orpsw. Sonn. to Planet Venus, Are we aught enriched in 
love and meekness ? 

3. To fill or store with wealth; to add to the 
valuable contents of. 

1579 LyLy oe (Arb.) 112 Enrich a cofers. 1593 
Suaxs. Rich. //, 1, iii. 141 Till twice fiue Summers haue 
enrich’d our fields. 1601 Hottanp Pliny II. 632 Italy.. 
inriched with captaines, souldiers, and slaues. 1634 MiLton 
Comus 505 All the fleecy wealth That doth enrich these downs. 
1 rs. Rancurre Myst. Udolphe i, Was enriched b: 
acollection of the best books. 1831 Sir J. Sinctair Corr. 11, 
347 Who is travelling to enrich the Zoological Museum, — 


of (a ; to add to, improve (a science, etc.). 
hd F. me Seo Saree ae 
tongue is 


the fh aes : ; .ULAY 
Hist. Eng. 1.2561n year [1 our tongue was enri 
with two words, Mob and Emerson Eng. 
Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 113 Richard Owen has. .en- 
riched science with contributions of his own. 4 

4. To make (the soil, etc.) rich in productive 
power ; to fertilize. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny xvu. vi. I. 505 They have a great 
— of the same [Marle] that it mightily enricheth it 
[the ground] and maketh it more tifull. 2622 WiTKER 
Sonn. in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 216 The hony, milky 

laine, That is inricht by J 's watering. 1813 Sir H. 

AVY Agric. Chem. (1814) 359 Substances, which in their 

5. To make ‘ rich’ or splendid with decoration ; 
often with added notion of costliness. Also fig. 

1601 Hotianp Pliny II. 456 The Gaules .. were wont to 
goe to the wars brauely set out and inriched with gold. 
1727 Swirt Gulliver 1. ii. 34 The hilt and scabbard were gold 
enriched with diamonds. 1742 Cottins Eclog. m. ile 
ev’ning dews enrich the glitt'ring glade. a 1876 “ . New- 
man Hist. Sk. 1. 1. ii. 67 A lofty dome, the of which 
are enriched with agate. : 

6. To make ‘richer’ in quality, flavour, colour, 
etc. ; to heighten, enhance (excellences). 

1620 Quartes Div. Poems, Yonah, When heaven's bright 
favours shone upon my face, And prosper’d my affairs, in- 
rich’d my joyes. 1 P. Browne Yamaica 11 The su 
cane..requires abundance of vegetable mould to inrich its 
sap. 1849 Kincsiey Lett. (1878) I. 207 The fern and 
purple heather have enriched the colcering, ence eseuee: 
Be W.C. Smitu Aildrostan 46 You take a wild-flower 
And plant it in a garden to enrich Its life and beauty. 

Hence Enriched /#/. a. 

1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 204 Temperately enrich'd 
Water, such as is impregnated with Neat and Sheeps-dung. 
1816 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art 1. - The Tudor 
flower. .forms a most beautiful enriched bat t. 

Enricher (enritfo1). [f. prec. + -ER.] One 
who or that which enriches. 

¢1610 Women Saints 30(Helena] the builder and enricher 
of churches throughe the worlde. 1616 Sure. & Marku. 
Country Farme 493 Because Turneps, Nauets, and Fetches 
are enrichers, and (as it were) manurings of the ground. 
1738 Westey Hymns, Come Holy Spirit, send down those 
y bees i, Come, Thou enricher of the Poor. 1776 T. Bowpen 
Farm. Direc. 20 Juicy plants, that much shade cover 
the ground, are found to be enrichers of land. 

+Enrichesse, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. Ex-1 + 
vichesse RicHES.] trans. = ENRICH I. 

©1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. (1869) 47 But i haue riht 
priuely hid tt, for to enrichesse Bing B poore folk. 
iching (enri'tfin), o5/. sb. [f. Enrtcu 2. 

e action of the verb ENRICH. 


leys and other places, to the great enrych h 
Le is hoost. 15§8x Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb) 29 This 
enritching of more 4 .. which .. we call learning. 1677 
Yarranton Engl. [my » 1 1 v 
growth, to the Nations greatenriching. 1812 Cossetr in 
Exam. 19 Oct. 671/2 The enriching and pampering of those 
who render no public service. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, 
Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. xox The wise legislator .. will shun 
the enriching of priests. 

i (enritfin), 2p. a. 
-1nG2.] That enriches; in 
1674 J. Blrian] Harv. Home iv. 25 Rain down from 
heav'n enriching floods. 1674 Cotuins in Rigaud Corr. Sct. 
Men (1841) Il. 587, Your advice and assistance will 
i the commonwealth of learning. 


oie poms Sov: Perth 268 Or lay enriching 
. Robertson 
pM on the most barren ground. 5 Bn J 
Daniel v. 250 The enriching of the sea of 
Galilee to Naphtali. 

Hence Enri* + bye e: 

1817 J. Gucurist /ntellect. Patrimony 111 operation 
is pry oh toilsome; but it is enrichingly table. 1865 
R. Paut Let. in Mem, xix. (1872) 322 Let the word of Christ 


dwell in you enrichingly. 

Enrichment (enrit{mént). [f as prec. + 
MENT.] 

1. The action or process of enriching, in various 
senses; the condition of esa ae. 
a@ 1626 Bacon Hi ioe ¥ 59) ‘ot without 


= and am tions, 
a ant cata The Inrichment of the Weald of Kent. 


Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 247 To behave themselves 
Hen .. would not onely be for onour, 
t 


Agents. 
finishes meeable : 
Eyles, Vi 6%, san Fie eee try shared in the 
enrichment of the landed tors. 


b. concr. A means of enriching ; an addition of 
wealth. 


B . Improv. “ (16) He mer- 
chan Rakes ie fe farre, oe ne ee eet to 


2. spec. The im of ‘richness’ of effect by 
decorative additions. concr. in sing. and in 


| pl. the ornament used for enriching a building, etc. 


ENRIDGED. 


1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. (R.), Neither did they 
often fill the pedestals with relieuo .. and rarely euer allow 
the corona any enrichment. 1708 New View Lond, I. 101/2 
A large Column .. having Enrichments of Fruit, Leaves, 
18: nittock Bk, Trades (1842) 231 Filigree working is 
a Bnd of enrichment on gold or silver. 1864 BouTeLL 
Heraldry Hist. § Pop. xix. 316 The Effigy of Edward II.. 
still retains. .its sculptured enrichments. 

+Enridged, //. a. rare—'. 
ridges, ridged : see quot. 

1605 Suaxs. Lear iv. vi. 71 Qo. 1 & 2 He had a thousand 
Noses, Hornes wealk’d, and waued like the enridged [1 FZ. 
enraged] sea. 

+ Enright, v. Ods. Also 7 inright. [f. Ey-1 
+Rucut sé.) ¢vans. To put (a person) into (his) 
right; to invest w2th a right or title. 

1587 Turserv. Tag. 7. (1837) 58, I my selfe enright thee 
with the conquest of the fielde. 1654 J. SprrTLeHouseE Vind. 
Fifth Monarchy Men 7 Our principle doth not lead us forth 
to entitle our selves to such Offices; it being the Word of 
God that inrights us thereunto. 1656 S. H. Gold. Law 2 
All the people must perish, to inright one unrighteous man. 

Enring (enrin), v. poet. Also 7 inring. [f. 
En-1+ Rine s6.]_ ¢vans. To put within a ring. 

1. To form a ring round ; to surround, encircle. 
lit. aad Fe. Also, to form into a ring. 

1589 Warner A Jb. Eng. vi. xxxiii. (1612) 162 Inringed by 
his complices, their chearefull Leader said. 1594 Carew 
Tasso (1881) 63 For Tancred and Reynold brake through 
the traine, That thicke of men and armes enringde tofore. 
1613-6 W. Browne Bit. Past. 1. iii, She rais’d the youth, 
then with her armes inrings him. /é/d. 1. i, Sweet rest in- 
rings The tyred body of the swarty clowne. 1833 Mrs. 
Browninc Prometh. Bd. Poems 1850 I. 188 The deep glooms 
enringing Tartarus ! 1839-48 Baitey Festus xxi. 267 Like 
the pure pearl-wreath which enrings thy brow. 

2. To put a ring or rings on; to ado with a 
ring. In quots. ¢ransf. 

1590 Suaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 49 The female Iuy so Enrings 
the barky fingers of the Elme. 1825 Blackzw. Mag. XVIII. 
434, I will leave. .the enringing with eternal shackles One’s 
right-hand fingers,—to whoever likes. 

Enripe: see En- Aref] 2. 

Enripen (enrai‘p’n), v. xave. Also 7 inripen. 
[f En-1 + Ripey.] ‘vans. To make ripe; to 
mature. /zt, and fig. Hence Enri:pened ///. a. 

@ 163 Donne Poems (1650) 92 The summer how it in- 
ripened the yeare, 1855 SINGLETON Vre7d I. 66 Vintager 
of your enripened bough. 

Enrive: see En- fref.! 3. 

Enrobe (enréb), v. Also 7 inrobe. [f. Ey-1 
+ Rose 5b. Cf. OF. enrober.] trans. To put a 
robe upon, dress ina robe. Also ¢ransf. and fig. 

1593 Nasue Christ’s T. (1613) 41 The Sun .. shall enrobe 
himselfe in scarlet. 1598 SHaxs. Merry W. 1. vi. 41 Quaint 
in greene, she shall be loose en-roab’d. 1614 Sir W. Leicu- 
TON in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 265 ‘This leprous corps of 
sinne with rags enrobe. 1738 Wes.ry Ps. civ. 2 With Light 

~ Thou dost Thyself enrobe. 1850 Chamb. Frnl. XIV. 30 
The Nepaulese envoy, all sumptuously enrobed and glitter- 
ing with jewels. 1862 NEALE Hymns East. Ch. 138 En- 
rob’d in earthly frame, 

Hence Enro‘ber, one who enrobes. 

1598 Fiorito, /uuestitore, an inuestor, an installer, an 
enrober, an endower, a presentor. 


Enro‘ckment. [f. EN-1+Rock+-menr.] A 
mass of large stones thrown into water at random 
to form the bases of piers, breakwaters, etc. 

1846 WorcesTER cites Francis. 1864 in WEBSTER. 

+ Enroll 5d. Obs. rare—. [f. next vb.] That 
in which anything is enrolled, a register. 

1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 21 § 9 One sufficient clerke 
ail intitle in his bokes and enroll of recorde such other 
writinges. 

Enrol, enroll (enrél), v. Forms: 4 enrolly, 
6-7 enroule, (7 enrowle), 5- enrol(1; also 5-8 
inrol(1, (7 inrowle). [ME. ezrolly, ad. OF. en- 
roll-er, (mod.F. enréler), f. en (see En-1) + OF. 
rolle, roolle (mod. réle) Rouu.] 

I. To write upon a roll, 

1. trans. To write (a name), inscribe the name 
of (a person) on a roll, list, or register; to make 
a list of. Also + Zo enrol up. 

1350 Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds 359 Euerych 
soutere .. shal .. be clerke a peny for to enrolly hys name. 
1523 SKELTON Garl. Laure tH I, iwus, Endeuoure me 
Yowr name to se It be enrolde Writtin with golde. 1572 T. 
Cartwricut in Whitgift Answ. Cartwright 91 Their Names 
written and enrouled vp. 1691 T. Hate Acc. New Jnvent. 
p. xc, Our Sea-men and their numbers were carefully en- 
roll’d. @1763 SHENSTONE chy, bar 19 Myriads, in time’s 

mnial list inroll’d. 1777 Watson Philip ITT (1839) 93 

e soldiers. .were emulous to have their names enrolled for 

that dangerous service. 1846 M°Cu.tocu Acc. Brit. Empire 

(2854) I. 595 Many also of the menial servants. .are enrolled 
in the official returns in other classes. 

2. To place upon a list; to incorporate as a 
registered or acknowledged member (27 a society, 
corporate body, ete.). Also fig. 

1613 SHaxs. Hen. VIII, 1. ii. 119 This man .. was enrold 
*mongst wonders. @1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 1830 I. 351 To 
be deemed considerable in this faculty, and enrolled among 
the wittes. 1770 LancHorne Plutarch (1879) I. 27/1 When 
more were enroled in their body, [they were called] Conscript 
Fathers. 1824 W. Irvine 7. 7vav. I. 233, I now determined 
..to enrol are in the fraternity of authorship. 1877 Mrs. 
OuirpHant Makers Flor. ii. (1877) 33 They were permitted 
to enrol themselves in any guild or art. 


Thrown into 


199 


8. esp. To place on the list of an army; to en- 
list, incorporate in the ranks of an army; to levy 
(anarmy). Also ref. to enlist, take service. 

1576 FreminG Panoplie i 77 If he. .had not .. enrolled, 
and mustered an armie of tried souldiours. 16x Bis_e 
1 Mace. x. 36 There be enrolled amongst the kings forces 
about thirtie thousand men of the Iewes. 1651 Hoppes 
Leviath, u. xxi. 112 He that inrowleth himselfe a Souldier. 
1716-8 Lapy M. W. Monracue Le?z#. I. xxxi. 109 In Asia 
any man that is rich is forced to enrol himself a janisary. 
1798 Mattuus Popul. (1878) 173 Those who are .. tempted 
to enrol themselves as soldiers. 1876 J. H. Newman //ist. 
Sé. 1. 1. ii, 77 They were enrolled as guards to the Caliph. 

+4. To write (an agreement, deed, obligation, 
etc.) upon a roll or parchment; to engross, give 
legal form to. Ods. 

Most of the instances may possibly belong to sense «. 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Story Thebes 1141 Thaccord enrolled in 
the toune. 1458 Lease in Ld. Campbell Chancellors (1857) 
I. xxii. 322, My dede enrolled and subscribed with myne 
owne hande. 1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 6§ 5 The saide 
person so to be assigned .. to write make and enroll suche 
obligacions, 1588 Suaxs, LZ. Z. LZ. 1. i. 38 Which I hope 
well is not enrolled there. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 309b, By 
Deed indented and inrolled according to the Statute. 

5. To enter among the rolls, z.¢. upon the records 
of a court of justice. 

1495 Act 11 Hex. VIJ, c. 38 Pream., Indentures. .inrolled 
in your Courte of the Chauncery of recorde. 1g92in Vicary’s 
Anat. (1888) App. xv. 278 Euerie Maister shall enrolle the 
Indentures of tis aprentice in the comon chartres office. 
1660 Mrq. Wore. in Dircks ZL 7 xiv. (1865) 229 Having this 
Commission inrolled or assented unto by his Council. 1818 
Cruise Digest IV. 230 Where the deed was directed to be 
enrolled in a particular court, it must be enrolled in that 
court, 1875 Stusss Const. Hist. I11. xviii. 263 By which 
time..the really important petitions. . were enrolled. 

6. To record, “¢. and fig. ; also, to record with 
honour, celebrate. 

1530 Parser. 357/1, I enrolle, I fyxe a thynge in my 
mynde, 1597 Daniet Civ. Wares i. xxi, Be it enrold .. 
how firm thy courage stood, 1633 G. Hersert Temple, 
Praise vii, Small it is, in this poore sort To enroll thee. 
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. u. iii. (1851) 157 It had bin long 
agoe enroul’d to be nothing els but a pure tyrannical forgery. 
1737 Pore Hor. Epist. u. i. 373, Dubb'd historians by ex- 
press command To enrol your triumphs o’er the seas and 
land. 1742 Younec N¢. 7h. vu. 48 He..in heav’n’s register 
inrolls, ‘he rise, and progress, of each option there. 1850 
‘Tennyson /z Mem, xliii, So that still garden of the souls 
In many a figured leaf enrolls The total world. 

II. To form into a roll. 

7. a. To form into rolls or coils. b. To wrap 
up or enfold zz or w7th; also ¢ransf. and fig. 

1530 PatsGr. 537/1, I enrolle, I rolle up a writyng, or any 
other thing rounde. 1586 Martowe 1s¢ Pt. Vamburl. u. 
iii, Bullets. .Enroll’d in flames and fiery smouldering mists. 
1591 SPENSER Virgil’s Guat 257 [A snake] Now more and 
more hauing himselfe enrolde._ 1596 — /’. Q. 1V. iii. 41 Great 
heapes of them, like sheepe in narrow fold For hast did 
over-runne, in dust enrould. c1630 Drumm. or Hawrn. 
Poems Wks. 5/2 Nor snow of cheeks with Tyrian grain 
enrol’d. 1659 C. Noster Moderate Answ. Immod. Queries 
2 Wherein their own welfares and concerns were inrolled 
and bound up. 1694 Appison Ovid’s Met. Wks. 1726 I, 196 
Now in a maze of rings he lies enrowl’d. 1762 F’aLcoNER 
Shipwr. iw. 158 The folding reefs in plaits inroll’d they lay. 
1836 G. S, Faser Ausw. Husenbeth 17 Folds in which the 
small limbs of the Refutation itself have been. .enrolled. 

Hence Enro‘lled //. a. (sense 2). 

1840 G. S. Faser Regeneration 234 Her acknowledged, 
and enrolled, and accredited members. 1853 StrocQuELER 
Mil. Encycl., Enrolled Pensioners, the out-pensioners of 
Chelsea Hospital, who are formed into companies for 
garrison and colonial duty. JZod. The society has a thousand 
enrolled members, 


Enro‘ller. [f. Enroin v. + -zr.] One who 
enrols or registers. 

1631 May tr. Barclay’s Mirr. Mindes 11. 30 Enrollers of 
the ancient vertue. 1755 in JoHNSON. 1828 in WEBSTER. 

Enrolling (enrd'lin), vd/. sd. [f. Enon v. + 
-InG1.] The action of the verb EnRou. 

1467 Mann. & Househ. Exp, (1841) 402 Item, for inroll- 
ynge_ of the forseid wrytt uppon the patent of lyvelode, 
ijs. liijd. 1712 ArBUTHNOT Yohn Bull 15 Fees for enrollings, 
exemplifications, bails, vouchers, returns, caveats, etc. 

attrib, 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xxxvi, How do our 
numbers stand since last enrolling-night ? 

Enrolment (enrévlmént). [f. Enrou v. + 
-MENT.] The action of enrolling. 

1. The action of enrolling soldiers, citizens, etc. ; 
the process of being enrolled. 

1552 Huoet, Enrolemente or engrosement, conscriftio, 
Perscriptio. 1§8x SaviLe Tacitus’ Hist. Annot. (1591) 51 

e number of souldiers in a Legion..at the first enrol- 
ment. 1619 ScLaTer Exp. 1 Thess. (1630) 442 Enrolement in 
the number of the predestinate. x Parl. Orders in 
Rushw. Hist. Cold, m1. —_ I. 744 Their first Inrollment 
of any such Horse and Horse-men. 1810 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Disp. V. 480 The enrolment, organization and equip- 
ment of this large force. 1845 R. Hamitton Pop, Educ. iv. 
(ed. 2) 83 Many may need that education who are not of 
that religious enrolment. 1885 Act 48 Vict. c. 15 Sched. iii. 
Precept. § 8 Premises .. which would qualify him for enrol- 
ment as a burgess. . é 5 

2. The action of recording in official archives ; 
esp.the registering a deed, judgement, recognizance, 
acknowledgement, etc. in a court of record. 

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 27 Which regester of enrolle- 
mentes, shall remaine and be safelie kepte in the said courte. 
a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law 55 This needeth no 
inrollment as a bargaine and sale doth, 1641 Zermes de la 


ENSAIM. 


Ley 190 Inrolment is the registring, recording, or entring 
of any act or deed in the Chancery or else-where. 1818 
Cruise Digest IV. 131 All conveyances or incumbrances .. 
prior to the enrolment, are..void. 1875 Strusss Const. 
Hist, III. xviii. 262 To view the enrolment and engrossing 
of the acts of parliament. 

b. concr. The entry or official record of a deed, 
etc. ; a record in general. 

1603 Eng. Mourn. Garment in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 
506 In no inrollment such a king is found. 1607-13 Davies 
Hist. Tracts Irel. (J.), The king. .delivered the enrolments, 
with his own hands, to the bishop of Salisbury. 16.. Dry- 
den’s Patent in Prose Wks. 1, App. (R.), These presents, or 
the inrolment thereof, shall be..a sufficient warrant, 

3. Honourable celebration. 

1602 Metamorphosis Tabacco (Collier) viii, [It] merits en- 
roulement with Mzonian quill. 

Enrood, var. of InroaD v. Obs. 

Enroot (enrt), v. Only in pa. pple. Also 
5 enrot, 9 inroot. [f. En-1+Roor.] trans. 

1. To fix by the root. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos (1889) 17 Smalle busshes or lytyl 
trees, by humydite and hete, depely enroted in the erthe. 
1590 SPENSER /’, Q. 11. iii, 22 And che enrooted deepe must 
be that Tree, Whose big embodied braunches shall not lin 
Till they to hevens hight forth stretched bee. 1836-9 Topp 
Cyct. Anat. 11. 553/1 In old persons close to the entrance 
[of the ear] hairs. .are enrooted. : 

b. fig. To implant deeply in the mind; to fix 
firmly in custom or habit. 

1596 Spenser Hymn Heav. Love 24 The guilt of that in- 
fected cryme Which was enrooted in all fleshly slyme. 1688 
Jas. II Let. Feversham in 4th Coll. Papers Pres. Functure 
Affairs 28 Your former Principles are so enrooted in you. 
1805 Ann. Rev. II. 255 It has not the courage of the 
antient parliaments, because it is less inrooted. 

2. To entangle root with root. 

1597 Suaks, 2 //en. /V, 1. i. 207 His foes are so en-rooted 
with his friends, That plucking to vnfixe an Enemie, Hee 
doth vnfasten so, and shake a friend. 

Enrough (enryf), v. Also 7 inrough, [f. 
En-l + RoucH a.) trans. or ref. To make (the 
sea) rough. Also fig. 

1601 Donne Poems (1650) 295 In vaine this sea shall..en 
rough It selfe. 1635 VALENTINE Foure Sea-Sermt. 39 Our 
life inroughed with some tempests. 1840 Browninc Sov- 
dello 257 He snuffs The aroused hurrican, ere it enroughs 
The sea. 

+ Enrownd, v. Ods. [f. Ex-1+Rowunp sé.] 

1. trans. To surround, encircle. 

c1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 590 And other while an hen 
wol have the pippe, A white pellet that wol the tonge en- 
rounde. 1580 Sipney etc. /’s. xlvi. Kings with siege her 
walls enround, 1599 Suaks. /fex. V, 1v. Prol. 36 How dread 
an Army hath enrounded him. 1600 TourNEur 7vausf. Met. 
Ixii, And spies the multitude that him enround. 

2. To ‘compass,’ try to bring about. Obs. rare". 

1606 Eart NortHampton in 7rue & Perfect Relation 
Bbb j a, A crafty pate, enrounding violently the ruine of our 
Soueraigne. : 

|| En route (anrvt). [Fr.] On the way, in the 
course of the journey: see Roure. 

Enruby, Enruin: see En- pref.) 2. 

Enrut: see En- pref.) 1 b. 

|| Ens (enz), sd. P/. entia (e'nfia). [LateL. ds; a 
neuter pr. pple. formed from L. esse to be, on the 
supposed analogy of the compds. abséis, potens, etc.] 

1. Philos. a. Something which has existence ; 
a ‘being’, entity, as opposed to an attribute, 
quality, etc. 

1614 ‘I. Apams in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. ciii. 19 Eter- 
nity is properly the duration of an uncreated Ens, 1650 
Butwer Anthropomet. 71 An ens is such naturally, that it 
should act or suffer something. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. 
Mankind 323 Men have needlessly multiplied Zxtia, 1678 
Gate Crt. Gentiles 111.113 For it’s necessary that every 
ens or being be derived from the first Being. 5 

b. An entity regarded apart from any predicate 
but that of mere existence. Also, the predicable 
‘ens’ regarded as an abstract notion. 

1581 Sipney Afol. Poet. (Arb.) 55 The quiddity of Ens. 
[1628 Mitton Vacation Exerc., Ens is represented as father 
of the Predicaments.] 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard.1. 41 Ens 
without weight, and substance without shade. 1870 BowEN 
Logic iv. 90, I cannot see why ens is not thinkable. 

+2. = Essence. Ods. 

1649 J. E. tr. Behmen’s Ep. 9 The dark fiery soule con- 
ceiveth the Ens and Essence of the Divine light in her selfe. 
1730 Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 288 It is the very Ens, or Being 
most pure of Flame. 

+b. Alch. (See quots.) Ods. 

1662 R. Matuew Uni. Alch, § 109. 178 Weigh its weight 
of fresh Ens well ground together. 1683 Sarmon Doron 
Med. 1. 327 Reduce the Mercury of the Vulgar into its first 
liquid Ens. 1715 Kersey, us Primum, the most effica- 
cious Part of any natural Mixt Body. xs Veneris, sub- 
limation of equal Parts of the calcin’d Powder or Cyprus 
Vitriol, and of Sal Armoniack. 1721-1800 in Battery; and 
in mod. Dicts. 

Ens, var. of EnEs adv, Obs. once. 

+ Ensa‘cre, v. Obs. [f. En-l +Sacre.] trans. 
To consecrate to an ecclesiastical office. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. cliii. 158 a/2, 
I was promoted to the dignytee of Archebysshopp ensacred 
& receyued in the holy chyrche of Alexandrye. 


Ensad, Ensafe, -er, Ensaffron: see En- 


pref. 2 and 1b. 
A ietene, obs. variant of Ensian. 


Ensaim, var. of ENSEAM v.! Ods, 


ENSAINED. 


Ensai‘ned, ///.a. [ad. OF. enseignié, en- 
sagnié, marked, blazoned, instructed, skilled, 

dept]. Skilled, trained, learned. 

‘AXTON Cxriall (1888) 10 And alleway emong us 
courtyours ensayned [fvinted enfayned] we folowe more 
the names of thoffyces than the droytes and ryghtes, 

Ensaint: see En- pref.l 2. 

+Ensa‘lve, v. Ods. rare—'. [f. Ex-1+Sa.ve 
sb, or mJ trans. To put salve bs fren to anoint. 

c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 1v. 916, I haue bought here 
oyntmentes..To ensalue his body. 

+Ensa‘mpial, ensau'mplal, a. Obs. rare. 
[f. ENSAMPLE+-AL: it is uncertain which of the 
two forms was written by Pecock.] Only in phrase 
historial ensampial (ensaumplal); of the nature 
of a historical example. ‘ és 

©1449 Pecock ey 293 Or it is historial ensampial of 
the now bifore seid Moral Conversacioun. /did. 11. vi. 309 
No parti..being historial ensaumplal, lettith the seid en- 
dewing. 

Ensample (ensa'mp’l), sd. arch. Forms: 4 
ensamp-, ensaumpel, -ul(le, -il(l)e, (insam- 
pil, -saumpill, 5 emsampelle), 4-5 ensaumple, 
-nple, ensawmp(i)l(e, -yl, 3- ensample. [Al- 
tered form of ASAUMPLE, a. OF. essample: see 
Examp.e sb, (An AF, enxsample occurs in some 
editions of Britton, but Nichols reads essaum- 
Plarie.)] = EXAMPLE in various senses. 

The mod. archaistic use is almost wholly due to reminis- 
cence of the passages in which the word occurs in the New 
Testament. In four of these passages it is used in sense 2, 
and is retained unaltered in the R. V.; in the remainin 
two it has the sense 3, and has in the R. V. been replac 
by example. : 

1. An illustrative instance. 

a 1300 Cursor M, 10595 (Gitt.), Be pis ensampil may men 
sy, Godd wald scho grew and clamb on hij. 1393 Gower 
Conf. I11. 138 Wherof ensample if thou wilt seche, Take 
hede. 14.. Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 98 A gode Ensampille y 
wille telle. 1436 Pod. Poems (1859) I1. 174 An emsampelle 
of deseytte. 1485 Caxton Pref. Malory’s Arthur, Also 
certeyn bookes of ensaumples and doctryne. 1548W. Patten 
Exp. Scot.in Arb. Garner I11. 80 That if, for ensample like 
to this, I should rehearse to you out of the Old Testament, 
how the seven plentiful years, etc. Morey /xfrod. 
Mus. 20 Here is an ensample, peruse it. a@ 1850 Rossetti 
tr. Dante's Vita Nuova 1. (1874) 81 By which ensamples this 
thing shall be made manifest. 

+b. quasi-adv. = ‘ for example’. Ods. 

¢1391 Cuaucer Astro/. u. § 45 Ensampulle as thus: the 
3ere of ovre lord 1400, etc. ay es 

2. A precedent which may be followed or imi- 
tated; a pattern or model of conduct. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 446 And, vor ensample of hem, obere 
ensentede perto. a1340 HAMpoLE Psalter cxliv. 22 Bimyn 
ensaumpill all fleyss..loue him wipouten end. c 1386 Cuau- 
cer Prol, 520 To drawen folk to heuen.. By good ensample. 


1440 York Myst. xxvii. 86 Here schall I sette 30u for to | 


see Pis 3onge childe for insaumpills seere. c 1489 Caxton 
Sonnes of Aymon xii. 295 A worthy capytayn is the myrrour 
& ensaunple to thother for to doo well. 
Eng. 1. xxvi, (1638) 42 It seemeth that he doth against the 
ensample of God. 1556 Chron, Gr. Friars (1852) 90 He.. 
askyd them mercy and foryefnes for his evylle insampulle. 
1611 Biste PAz/. iii. 17 Marke them which walke so, as ye 
haue vsfor an ensample. — 1 Thess. i.7. 1641 J. JACKSON 
True Evang. T. 1. 85, 1 have Esay for anensample. 1847 
Emerson Poems, To Rhea Wks. (Bohn) I. 403, I make this 
maiden an ensample To Nature, ; 

b. Phrases: + /2 (+ to) ensample; to give, set 
(an) ensample ; to take ensample (+ at, by, of ). 

c12g0 Old Kent. Serm. in O. E. Misc. 27 per-of us yeft 
ensample po brie kinges of hepenesse, c1305 Edmund 
Conf, 498 in E. E. P, (1862) 84 Pis holi man euere nam his 
ensample bi seint Thomas. /édid. 522 Nym ensample of me. 
a1300 Cursor M. 17288. 175 (Cott.) Ensaumple at him he 
toke. a1340 Hampote Psa/ter xxvii. 1 Crist..settand him 
ensaumpile til rightwismen. 1393 Lanoi. P, Pd. C. xv. 

24 What sorwes he suffrede in ensample ofous alle. ¢ 1400 
MAuseey: (Roxb.) xxiv. 111 To giffe his men ensaumple 
and will to feight. ¢ 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xxvii. 
(1510) H iij, He prayeth to ensaumple of us that we 
shulde oftsyth pray, 1440 Lay Folks Mass-bk. (MS. C.), 
Grete ensaumple he settes pereto. 1483 Caxton G. de la 
Tour C iijb, I pray yow that ye take ensample here at me. 
1568 GraFton Chron, Edw, [/T, I11. 284 Ye shall geve by 
this an evill ensample. 1865 Pusey 7ruth Eng. Ch. 160 
The ensample which He gave us in His Holy Childhood. 

+c. In ensample; after the model (of); in 
imitation of the fact (that). Ods. 

¢ 1391 Cuaucer Astro. 1, § 21 In ensample that the zodiak 
in hevene is ymagened to ben a superfice contienyng a lati- 
tude of 12 degrees. ¢ Destr. Troy 1610 In Ensample 
of this Cite [sc. Troy].. Rome on a Riuer rially was set. 

3. A deterrent instance of punishment, or of the 
evil consequences of any course of conduct; a 
practical warning. Const. Zo, of (the person to be 
warned), also with possessive pronoun. Phrases, 
For, tin ensample. 

©1340 Cursor M, 47 (Trin.) Ensaumpel herby to hem I 
sey, Pat rage in her riot al wey. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1, 
119 Walys ensample micht have bene To 3ow, had 3e It 
forow sene, 1480 Caxton Chron, ae: cclvii. 336 They .. 
were sore —— in ensample of other. 1523 Lv. Ber- 
ners Froiss. I. cccl. 561 They shulde neuer haue peace with 
him, in ensample to all other townes. 1547 . Harrison 
Exhort, Scottes 232 May not the ruine of y* Grekes. .suffyce 
for your ensample? 61x Biste 2 Peter ii. 6 Making them 
{Sodom and Gomorrha] an ensample vnto those that after 
should liue vngodly. 2858 Gen. P. Tuomrson Audi Alt. I. 
xlviii. 189 Now these things happened for our pl 


1531 Dial. on Laws | 


| an ensanguined rabble. 


| the orient wave. 


200 


+Ensa'mple, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] 

1, trans. mule, peer example; also, to 

set forth as an example. : ce y 
Ay ond Wye Sern. aby . gy my Pe gag 


hem bopbe ensaumpled, 
kinge. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 148 In 
what maner it is grevous, Right as 
©1449 Pecock Refr. mt. vi. 311 Crist 

pouerte. 1589 Spenser F. é 

led a overnour and a vertuous man. a1 

arr S. P, Eliz. (1845) 1. 16 He..Ensampled it by 

ighteous deede. 

. To give an example to; to instruct by ex- 
ample. Also, to model (something, oneself) dy, 
upon. 

1380 Wyciir Se/. Wks. III. 360 For Cristis lyf was be 
beste, pat shulde ensaumple alle opir. 1393 Gower Conf. 
III. 241 Wherof all other.. Ensampled hem upon the dede. 
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. iv. 47 Of him that had the view 
of the Temple (for I cannot ensample you in vg pes this 
small account. /did. m1. iv. 86 But if ever he a true 
one [sc. sword], it must be made and ensampled by that 
of Chinons of England. 

b. intr. To give an example (fo). 

¢ 1449 Pecock Refr. u. v. 168 Forto ensaumple to othere 
men. did. 314 For strengthe of her ensaumpling .. tho 
circumstauncis for which thei so ensampliden. 

Ensampler (ensa‘mpla:), Forms: 4 en- 
samplaire, 4-5 ensaumpler. [ad. OFr. essam- 
plaire:—L. exemplarium, f. exemplum EXAMPLE. 
Cf. EXEMPLAR s0.] 

a. A copy, pattern. b. A ‘copy’ of a book. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. ut. ix. 87 pou drawest alle pinges 
of pi souereyne ensampler. 1388 Wyctr Joshua Prol., 
Men of my language, the whiche oure ensaumpleris deliten. 
© 1449 Pecock Repr. m1. xix. 412 Thei ou3ten be ensaumplers 
of moral vertues. 

+ Ensa‘mpling, v/. sb. Obs. [f. ENSAMPLE v. 
+-InG1.] The action of the vb. ENSAMPLE, 

c 1449 Pecock Repr, u1. vi. 309 Ifeny ensaumpling schulde 
lette the seid endewing, it schulde be the ensaumpling of 
Crist. 1598 FLorio, Rasempiatura, an ensampling. 

Ensand, Ensandal: see En- pref.) 1 b. 

Ensanguine (ense'ngwin), v. [f. Ey-1 + L. 
sanguin-em blood, Cf. It. insanguinare.] trans. 
To stain with blood. 

1667 [see next]. 1797 Monthly Rev. XXIII. 509 In tyran- 
nizing over, desolating, ensanguining, and bc Sata 
France, 1878 SpurcEon Treas. Dav. Bs. cv. 29 The beloved 
Nile and other streams were all equally tainted and en- 
sanguined. 

Ensanguined (ensengwind), f//. a. [f. Ev- 
SANGUINE ¥. + -ED 1] 

1. Blood-stained, bloody. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1. 654 Now scatterd lies With Car- 
casses and Arms th’ ensanguind Field. 1726 THomson 
Winter 828 He lays them [the deer] quivering on the en- 
sanguined snows. 1803 Ann. Reg. 706 The ferocity of 
1816 Byron Parisina xvii, The 
dust, which each deep vein Slaked with its ensanguined 
rain, ae, Mayne Reto Scalp Hunt, xxix. 216 His eye 
big a t by the ensanguined object upon the rock. 

- SE. 

1806 Naval Mag. XV. 243 The ensanguined fury with 
which it was fought. 1829 K. Dicsy Broadst. Hon. 1. 
Godefridus 128 The most ensanguined pages of profane 
history. 1886 Pall Mail G. 18 June 10/2 The turbulent 
and ensanguined history of Ireland. 

2. transf. Dyed or stained blood-colour ; crimson. 

1784 Cowper TJask 1. 217 Ensanguin'd hearts, clubs 
typical of strife. 18:2 H. ay. Smith Pej. Addr., Drury’'s 

urge ix, Jealousy’s ensanguin’d chalice, Mantlin; rs 
a1845 Baruam Jugol, Leg., Metem- 
psychosis 132 Liquid of the same ensanguined hue, 

Ensate (ense't), 2. Bot. [ad. mod.L. ensatus, 
f. L. esis sword: see -ATE.] Sword-shaped. 

1830 Linptey Nat. A a Bot, 277 The ensate or grassy 
ones [leaves] of Asphodelez. 

Ensaumpel, -ul(le, etc., var. of ENSAMPLE. 

+Ensay*, v. Ods. rare—'. [prob. ad. Sp. en- 
sayar; cf. OF. ensayer.] = ASSAY v. 4. 

1740 tr. Barbas’ Metals, Mines, § Min. 103 The people 
.-brought me some of the Oar to ensay it. 

yme, var. of Enszam v.! Ods. 

+Ensca‘le, v. Ols. rare—'. [? f. En- pref. + 
Scaxe (in music).] /rans. ? To attune. 

1638-48 G. Dantet Zc/og, v. 115 When the flood Of devine 
fury, might enscale our T’ astonishment, 

ce, obs. var. ENSCONCE, 

Enscarf: see En- pref.) 1 b. 

+ Ensche'dule, v. Olds. rave—'. [f. En-1+ 
Scuepute sé.) ¢rans. To insert in a schedule; 
to write down on a list; to schedule. 

1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, ¥ 57 Whose Tenures and par- 
ticular effects You haue lul'd briefely in your hands, 

Enscheryching: see ENCHERISH. 

+ Ensclau'ndre, v. Obs. vare—'. [Corrupt var. 
of ap ag ee To bring scandal upon. 

1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Eny riotour, oper contekour, 
ober such by whom pe fraternite myght be ensclaundred. 

Ensconce (enskg'ns), v. Forms: 6 enscance, 
7 ensconse, 6-7 inskonce, -se, 6-8 insconce, 
-se, 6- ensconee, [f, En-! + Sconox sé., small for- 


— in 
most 


ENSEAL. 


tification, earthwork, prob. ad. OF. esconse hiding- 
place, place of shelter, whence esconser to hide, 
shelter, which may be the source of some of the 
uses of this verb. Cf. Sconce v. 

The form enscance in Barret suggests derivation from Du, 


skans = 
+1. trans. To furnish with ‘sconces’ or earth- 
works 3 to ~_ Png absol. Obs. 
a isc. Weapons A vaine opinion 
eins i Stences ta dha Gat qroants of Tago atin 
a jonare, to to CarTE 
Hist, Eng. 111. 674 To insconce the bri 
fords, 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., 
trench; Pere or 8 eet Satbealion. 
absol. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres u. i. 16 He is to 
- fortifie as commodity and the place will 
permit. 
+2. To shelter within or behind a fortification ; 
also ¢ransf. and fig. Obs. 


1590 Suaxs. Com. Err. 1. ii. 38, I must get a sconce for 
my head, and Insconce it to. 1593 — Lucr. 1515 He enter- 


enscance and 


tain’d a show, so ing iust, And so "t his 
secret euill, that, etc, a 1628 Denison Heav. . (1631) 80 
The Israelites were insconsed with strong bulwarkes. 1663 


Butter Hud. 1. iii. 1349 A Fort of Error, to ensconce Ab- 
surdity and Te 1686 W. pr Britains Hum. Prud. 
Convers. 21 "Tis my betage rer «4 that Vest to have, T’ 
insconce my Person from Frigidity. «1734 Nortu Exam, 
Il, viii. P 79 (1740) 644 His Person .. is insconsed. 

+b. ref. Also fig. Obs. 

1590 Sir J. Smyru Disc. Weapons 13 Wet grounds where 
they may ensconce themselves with small cost within little 
lands. 1624 Carr. Smitn Virginia 1. 6 Inskonsing my 
selfe euery two dayes, where I would leaue Garrisons for 
my retreat. UTLER Hud, ui. i. 1115 He .. Insconc’d 
himself as formidable As could be underneath a Table. 

Jig. c 1600 Suaxs. Sonn. xlix, Against that time do I in- 
sconce me here Within the knowledge of mine owne desart. 
1627 Speep England, etc., Wales xiv. § 3 The Country hath 
not naturall prouision to ensconce her selfe against the 
extremitie of winds and weather, 

+c. intr. for ref. 

1600 Carr. Smitu in Hakluyt Voy. III. 257, I would haue 
holden this course of insconsing euery two dayes march. 
1663 Buter //xd. 1. iii. 416 The Fort where he ensconc’d. 
1721 D’Urrry New Operas 250 E’er I could Ensconce, 
comes up this Devil agen. 

3. trans. To establish in a place or position for 
the purpose @. of concealment; b. of security, 
comfort, ‘snugness’, etc. Chiefly reff. 

a. 1598 Suaks. Merry W. m. iii. 97, I will ensconce mee 
behinde the Arras. 1826 Scotr Woodst. viii, He must dis- 
cover where this S t hath ed himself. 1841 
Cattin N. Amer. Ind, (1844) I. xxi. 155, I have been 
closely ensconced in an earth-cov wig-wam. 1849 Miss 
Mutock ¥. Halifax (ed. 17) 329, [I] ensconced myself be- 
hind the —- bank blinds. 1877 Ciery Min. Tact. 
xii. 147 Bodies of French skirmishers ensconced themselves 
in the undulations of the g d 

b. 1820 W. Irvinc Sketch Bk. 11. 126 The parson, who 
was deeply ensconced in a high-backed oaken chair. 1840 
Dickens O/d C. Shop xviii, Ensconcing themselves, in the 
warm chimney-corner, 1847 Lp, Linpsay Chr. Art. I. 121 
A vine, embl ical of the church. .the four doctors of the 
Latin church ensconced among its branches. 1862 Lyrron 
Str. Story Il. 73 His guest had ensconced himself in 
Forman’s old study. 

Hence Ensconecing vé/. sb. e. 
1590 Sir J. Smyru Disc. Weapons 13 Their ensconcings 
the drie g d eng of E gland, are to small 
urpose. a 1652 Brome Mad Couple u. 1. Wks, 1873 L. 31, 

Tinsed no more inacousing cow ia -alley. 

Enscore, Enscreen, Enscroll: see En- 
pref 3, 1b, 2. 

ulpture : see INSCULPTURE. 

Enseal (ensi‘l), v. arch. Forms: 4-5 en- 
sele, (5 enceyl), 6-7 enseal(l)e, 5~enseal. Also 
5-7 inseal. [a. OFr. enseel-er, enceel-er, enseal-er, 
f. en- (see En-1) + see/ (mod, sceau) SEAL.) 

1. “rans. To affix a seal to (a document); to 
attest or confirm - sealing. 

¢1330 R. Brunner Chron. (1810) 258 Bope to hold couenanz 
with scrite enselid be dede. 1377 Lanot. P, P27. B. u. 112 

In pe date of be deuel pis dede }. 

Test. Ebor. (1855) 11. 1 wille 
seale of myn armes, in Paston Lett, No. 554. 11. 284 
Divers add donde, some without date, insealed 
ticke seales, 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 107 b, The heire 
of the di ur ensealeth the deede. @ 1709 ATKYNS 
Parl. & Pol. ayers) 175 The Statutes. .require Inden- 
tures ensealed by the Electors to be tack’d to the Writ. _ 

is. a 1500 Chaucer's Dreme 1016 ig he said 
there, Seemed as it insealed were. 1581 J. Beit //addon's 
aus, Coy, 444 Toes ome e , which Christ ., 
did enseale, with his owne precious body, 

b. To put a seal or stamp upon (a measure or 


weight) in token of its to the standard. 
wy io % potictetveg os be made ~—s 


ed accordynge to the kynges standard. ¢ 
in Gutch Codd. Cur, IL. 15 ae en have their 
pots and their measures sized and after the standard 


of the University. 

2. To close with a seal, seal a 

a130 Hamrote Psalter Prol., pis boke is cold, pasion 
cl wel enseled. 1465 Paston Lett. No. Il. 187 A 
box enselyd with ag roe) seall, 16r3 Sir H, Fincu Law 
1636) 22 A boxe with charters. 

‘ourts-leet (ed, 3)110 A Box ensealed with 1886 
Burton Arad, Nis. (abridged) I. 78 A well-shut house With 
%. phe Se ress But this enseled [v. 

Cee UCER Vv. 151 Ts 
ceeeatéa Tuan other day, 


ENSEALING. 


Ensea‘ling, 24/. sd. [f Ensean v. +-1ne 1] 
The action of the verb ENSEAL. Zit. and fig. 

= Act 23 Hen. VIIT, c.6§ 8 At the tyme of ensealynge 
of the proces for execucion. 156x Daus tr. Bullinger on 
Apoc. (1573) 100 He himselfe a them faith and his 
spirite, which is the insealyng of their mynds. 1755 MAGENS 
Insurances 11, 386 At the Ensealing and Delivery hereof. 
+ Ensea‘ling, #//.a. Ods. [f. Enszau v.+ 
-InG2.] That enseals or confirms. 

1563 Man Musculus’ Commonpi. 278 b, They [Sacraments] 
doe confirme us, not as the very ling spirite h fe 
doth, but as ensealing signes. 

+ Ensea'lment. Ods. [f. ENSEAL v. + -MENT.] 
The action of ensealing; that which enseals or 
confirms ; a confirmation. 

58x Marpeck Bk. of Notes 92 Our Baptime is a certaine 
. ensealement and Sacrament of our attonement with God. 

+ Ensea‘'m, s/. Ols. In 5 ensayme. [?f. 
next vb.] That which is enseamed or cleansed 
away; superfluous fat ; scourings. 

1486 Bk, St. Albans B j a, Ensayme ofan hawke is the grece. 

+ Ensea'm, v.1 Os. Forms: 5 enceym, 5-7 
ensayme, -seame, (7 ensaim, -sayn), 6- en- 
seam; also 7-8 inseame. [ad. OF. *ensaime-r 
(cf. ensemer in Cotgr.), altered form of essazmer 
(mod. essezmer, essimer), f. es-, L. ex- + OF. 
(*saim), sain grease (mod. sain-doux lard) :—med. 
L. sagimen stuffing. Cf. Sram sd. grease, lard.] 

1. trans. To cleanse (a hawk, later also a horse) 
of superfluous fat. 

c1450 Bk. Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. 1. 308 Withdrawe his 
mete in the mewe sevennyghe and wasch it eche tyme, and 
sumtyme with vinegre til he be enceymyd. 1486 Bk. St. 
Albans Bja, It is tyme for to fede hir with wash mete and 
to begynne to ensayme hire. a 1528 SkeLton Ware Hawke 

8 She was not clene ensaymed. 1575 Turserv. Falconrie 
in Edin, Rev. (1872) Oct. 356 How you shall enseame a 

' hawke, or give her castings and scourings. 1598 FLorio, 
Alenare, to enseame a horse. 1611 Cotcr., Exsemer, to 
inseam; unfatten. 1614 MarkHam Cheap Husd. (1623) 55 
Till you have enseamed him [your hunting horse], hardned 
his flesh, taken away his inward grease. 1639 T. pe Grey 
Compl. Horsem. 340 If you bee in the way of ensayning 

our horse. 1774 Gotpsm. Wat. Hist. III. 69 Twenty days 
hers we enseam a falcon. : 
“I b. (See quot.: perh. only a misapprehension.) 
16rx Cotcr., Afener, to feed or inseame with hay; to 
stall-feed. 

2. intr. for refi. of the hawk: To become clear 
of superfluous fat, etc. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans Biija, As she ensaymeth hir fete will 
wax yolow and smothe, 1615 Latnam Fadconry (1633) 62 
Reasonable time .. that she may inseame inwardly, and 
outwardly together. 

Hence Ensea'ming v/. sd. 

c1575 Perfect Bk. Sparhawkes (1886) 15 Ensayming is to 
take ae gresynes and foulnes awaye. 1615 LatHam Fa/- 

conry (1633) 45 No one of the other sort of hawks is ina 

quarter of that danger in their inseaming that she is in. 
+Ensea‘'m, v.2 Ods. [ad. Fr. exseimer (now 
ensimer); OFr. ensaimer, f. en- (see En-1)+ 

OF. *saim, sain: see EnsEamM v.1]_ trans. To 

load with grease. Hence Ensea'med /f/. a. fig. 

The Fr. word is now used only in sense ‘to grease (cloth)’, 
whence perh. the fig. use in Shaks. 5 

1562 LEIGH Armorie (1597) 57 Hee is not enseamed with 
much fatnesse, but is all of muscles and senues. 1602 SHAKS. 
Ham. . iv. 92 In the ranke sweat of an enseamed bed. 
Enseam (ens7‘m), v.3 Also 7-8 inseam. [f. 
En-1 + Sram sé. and v.] 
+1. trans. To sew or stitch up in. Ods. 

1605 CAMDEN Rev. (1636) 35 A jewel .. which one stale 
away and enseamed it in his thigh. did. (1657) 66 Jupiter 
halted when Bacchus was enseamed in his thigh. 

2. To mark as with a seam. Cf. SEAM v. 

1611 Beaum. & FL. 4 Plays in One, Triumph of Death vi, 
Take him dead-drunk now, without repentance, His lechery 
inseam’d upon him. 1725 Pore Odyss. xix. 544 Deep o’er 
his knee inseam’d, remain’d the scar. 1856.T. Airp Poet, 
Wks. 79 Gray men enseamed with many a scar. 

+ Ensea'm. v.4 Obs. rare. [Of obscure etymo- 
logy: cf. ME. 2 same, inseme together ; also ON. 
semja to put together.] rans. ? To bring together. 
a. To include or contain together. b. To intro- 
duce to company. 

1596 Spenser F, Q. 1v. xi. 35 And bounteous Trent, that 
in him selfe enseames Both thirty sorts of fish, and thirty 
sundry streames. 1607 Cuapman Bussy D’Ambois Plays 
1873 II. 16 Beaupres, come Ile enseame thee: Ladies .. I 
haue heere a friend that I would gladlie enter in your 
Graces. 

+ Ensea‘r, v. Ods. 
trans. To dry up. 

1607 Saks. Timon w. iii, 187 Enseare thy Fertile and Con- 
ceptious wom! 

+Ensea‘rch, s3. Ods. [ad. OF. encerche, f. 
encerchier : see next vb.] The action of the vb, 

ENSEARCH ; search. 

a 1509 Instr. Hen. VII to Ambass. in Brit. Mag. 11. 403 
The kings. .servants. .shall make inquisician, and enserche. 
1529 More Heresyes u. Wks. aus The churche by dily- 
gent enserche, fyndeth the life of a man holy. 1530 Parser. 

ntrod. 3 After enquery and ensertche made for them, dyvers 
came unto my handes. 1605 VerstEeGan Dec. /ntell. i. (1628) 
11 Such insearch and enquirie as he most diligently made. 

Ensearch (ensd-it{),v. Ods.exc.arch. Forms: 
4-5 encerche, 4-6 enserch(e, -searche, (6 

Vor. IIT. : 


[f. En-1 + sear, SrrE a.] 


201 


ensertche), 6- ensearch. Also 6 inserch(e, 
-search(e. [ME. encerche(n, enserche(n, ad. OF. 
encerchier, enserchier, f. en (see EN- 1) + cerchier 
(Fr. chercher) to SEARCH. 

1. trans. To look carefully through (a country, 
place, book or document) ; to examine, pry into, 
scrutinize, search. Also fig. 

1382 Wycuir Gen. xxxi. 37 Thou .. hast enserchid alle my 
necessaryes of hows. c1400 Maunpev. xxxi. (1839) 314 For 
to encerche tho Contrees. c1449 Prcock Refr. 1. xiii. 7 
It is no nede me forto. .encerche the writingis of Doctouris. 
1531 Exyor Gov. u. ix. (1883) II. 110 He folowing with his 
swerde redy drawen wolde therwith enserche the bedde, 
cofers, and all other places of his chambre. 1563-87 Foxe 
Ag M. (1596), 65/2 Beudiously to ensearch and peruse the 
places of holy ScAgture, 1577 Stanyuurst Descr, red. in 
Holinshed V\. Ep. Ded., If it shall stand with your honor 
his pleasure..at vacant houres to insearch it, you shall find 
therein etc. 1855 SincLETON Virgil I. 124 But to ensearch 
the cursed cold [soil] is hard. 

Jig. 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 117 Graunte pat we may 
oure silf to enserche & se. 1537 /ust. Chr. Man M vjb, But 
if he diligently enserche his own harte. 1549 CHALONER 
tr. Erasm. Moriz Enc. F iijb, An ungodly curiositee to en- 
searche the secrets of Nature. 1566 Drant Wail. Hierim. 
K vj b, Let us insearche and trye our selves, and turne to 
God againe. 1627-77 FettHam Resolves 1. xvii. 29 If we 
giue repulses, we are presently .. insearched for the cause. 

2. To seek for (a person or thing); to inquire 
after. Also with ozt. 

1382 Wyctir Zefh. i. 6 Whiche sou3ten.. not the Lord 
nether enserchiden hym. 1436 Pol. Poems (1859) 11. 203 
Pease men shulde enserche with besinesse. 1530 Patscr. 
Introd. 3, I dyd my effectuall devoire to ensertche out suche 
bokes. 1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 39 We must now seke 
out and enserch the veray true commyn wele. 

3. To search into (facts, errors, etc.) ; to inquire 
into, investigate. Also with obj. sentence: To 
inquire. 

c 1400 Prymer in Eng. in Maskell Mon, Rit. 11. 130 That 
thou enquere my wickidnesse and enserche my synne. 1530 
TinvDALE Answ, More w. iii. Wks. III. 171 Then we will 
ensearch whether it may be asacrament or no. 1541 ELyor 
Image Gou. 61 Than wolde he diligently ensearche, of what 
perfection their woorkes were. 1577 STANYHURST Descr, 
Trel, in Holinshed V1. 35 Cambrensis insearcheth diverse 
philosophicall reasons in finding out the cause. 1581 W. 
Starrorp Exam, Compl. i. (1876) 30 Would ensearch the 
default, and then certifie the good man of the house thereof. 

4. intr. To make search ; to inquire. 

1382 Wyciir Dewt. xix. 18 Whanne moost bisily enseerch- 
ynge thei fynden, etc. c1450 Bk. Curtasye 232 in Babees 
Bk. (1868) 306 Enserche no fyr ben falles to the. 1481 
Caxton Myrr. mt. x. 152 Tholomeus.. was he.. that 
most enserched of the sterres. 1494 Fasyan vi. clxxxv. 184 
Enserchynge thorugh his landes forsuche aknyght. 1533-4 
Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 9 § 6 To enserch or make any in- 
querie thereof. 1587 M. Grove Pelops § Hipp. (1878) 15, 
I wil that ye ensearch foorthwith, and it reueale to me. 

+ Ensea‘rcher. 02s. Forms: 4 enserchere, 
5-6 enserchour, 6 ensercher, insearcher. [f. 
ENSEARCHv. + -ER: in ME. a. OF .encerchere, -eor.] 
One who searches, pries, or inquires into. 

1382 Wyciir Ecclus. xiv. 22 Who thenketh out the weies 
or hyin in his herte..goende aftir it as enserchere. ¢1440 
Gesta Rom. xvi. 55 (Add. MS.) The first of you is a stronge 
werriour, The second best counseiloure, and the thirde the 
sotelest enserchour. @1535 More Wks. 3 A desirous en- 
serchour of the secretes of nature. 1577-87 HoLinsuEp 
Chron. 1.9/t Cambrensis. . was a curjous insearcher therof. 

+ Ensea‘rching, v//. sb. Ods. [f. ENsearcn 
v.+-INGl.] The action of the verb ENSEARCH; 
the action of looking for, or inquiring into. 

¢ 1430 tr. 7. &@ Kempis’ Imit. 1. iii, What auailib grete 
enserching of hidde & derke binges? 1531-2 Act 23 Hen. 
VIII, c. 8§ 1 The inserchinge, finding and wasshinge of 
the saide tinne. 1605 VersTEGAN Dec. Intell, i. (1628) 11 


Tacitus a man curious in the insearching. .for the originall 
of the Germans. 


Enseat: see EN- fref.l 1a. 

+ Enseel (ensz‘1), v. Obs. rave—!. In 5 ensile. 
ff En-1+SrEEL v.] trans. To stitch up the eye- 

ids of (a hawk). 

i Bk, St. Albans A ij b, He most take with hym needell 
and threde to ensile the hawkes that ben takien, _1678- 
I in Puitiips, 1721-80 in BarLey ; and in mod. Dicts. 

seem : see En- pref! 3. 

+ Ense‘er, sl. Os. Also 5 inseer. [f. En-1 
+SEER.] One who sees or looks into (anything). 

¢ 1400 Test. Love mt. (1560) 293/1 This leude book.. by a 
good inseer may be understande. 1535 Joye Afol. Tindale 
20 God. .is onely the enseer and sercher of herte and mynde. 

Ensege, -segge, var. of ENSIEGE. 

Enseigne, -eyne, -eygne, obs. ff. Ensicn. 

Enseignment, var. of ENSIGNMENT. 

+ Ensei'se, v. Obs. rare—}. [ad. OF. enseisir, 
ensaisir, £,en- (see EN-1) + satsir to SEISE.] trans. 
To put (a person) in possession. 

c 1420 Anturs of Arth, xxiii, That segge schalle ensese 
him atte a session. 

Ensemble (aisaib’l), adv. and sb. Also 5 in- 
samble. [a. Fr. exsemble:—late L. insimul, f. in 
in + s¢ma/ at the same time.] 

+ A. adv, Together, at the same time. Ods. 

¢ 1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 457 And 
when hit is boylet ensemble in the settynge doune, put 
therto a lytel vynegur. 1494 FaByAn vu. 482 The .ii. car- 
dynallys ensemble sped theim vnto Parys, /é7d. vu. 574Vpon 
the .vil. daye in lyke wyse played insamble an Henauder, 


ENSHEATHE. 


and one Iohn Standysshe, esquyer. a 1528 SKELTON S/. 
Parrot 417 For ffrantiknes and wylfulnes and braynles en- 
sembyll, The nebbis of a lyon they make to trete and 


trembyll. 
|| B. sd. (Only as Fr.) 


1, All the parts of anything taken together so 
that each part is considered only in relation to the 
whole ; the general effect (of a person’s appear- 
ance, a whole work of art, etc.). Also Tout en- 
semble (tztansanb’l) [Fr. fout all] in same sense. 

1703 Tate Portrait-Roy. H. M. Picture Notes 22 There 
must be, what Painters call, an agreement of the Tout En- 
semble, 1750 Cuesterr. Le?t. (1792) III. 70 All these trifling 
things. .collectively form that pleasing je ne spats guoi, that 
ensemble which they are utter strangers to. 1782 PowNaLL 
Antig. 81 The ensemble of the piece will be hid from us 
and unintelligible. 1823 Byron ¥vanz xiv. xl, The ‘tout 
ensemble’ of his movements wore a Grace. 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Briery Cr. v. 108 One might almost call his 
ensemble slovenly to-day. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. 
(1872) II. vi. ix. 126 The proportions of its body and limbs 
in their ensemble and details, are nearly the same. 1879 
Beersoum Patagoniaiii. 37 A shaggy beard and moustache 
completed the toutensemble of his really striking face. 

2. Al. 

1853 StocqueLer Mil. Encycl., Ensemble, together ; the 
exact execution of the same movements, performed in the 
same manner, and by the same motions. 

+ Ense‘mble, v. Ods. [a. OF. ensemble-r in 
same sense, Cf, ASSEMBLE.] /vans. To bring 
together, assemble ; also vef. and zntr. for ref. 

@ 1300 Leg. St. Gregory 982 pe cardinals al togider come, 
Ensembled pai were alle bo. ¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 5467 Pay 
ensemblede panne to-gadre anon, 1491 Caxton Vilas Patr. 
(1495) 11 By very charite were they [the hermits] ensembled, 
alied and unyed. 1533 Morr Afol. xlvii. Wks. g20/2 
Openly by day they ensembled themselfe together to the 
noumber of an hundred. 

+Ense‘mbly. Os. vave—1. In 5 ensemble. 
[a. OF. exsemblee, f. ensembler: see prec.] = As- 
SEMBLY. 

c 1480 Kyng §& Hermit 21 in Hazl. £. P. P. (1864) 13 With 
ryall fests and feyr ensemblé, With all y° lordys of that 
contré : With hym ther gan thei dwell. 

+ Ense‘mplary. 0és. Also 4 ensamplarie. 
[app. a doublet of ENSAMPLER ; Gower’s use sug- 
gests that he regarded it as f. ENSAMPLE + -ERY.] 
Examples collectively ; example in the abstract. 

1393 GowER Conf. II. 292 A tale.. Which is of olde en- 
samplarie. /ézd. III. 48 [History] is of great ensemplary 
Agein the vice of sorcery. 

Ensence, -ense, obs. forms of INCENSE. 

Ensense, obs. form of INSENSE v., to instruct. 

+ Ensent, sd. Ols. vare—'. [f. next.] Assent. 

1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 317 Poru ensent of hyr tueye sones. 

+ Ense‘nt, v. Ols. In 3-4 encent, -senti. 
[var. of ASSENT.] 77/7. To assent or consent Zo. 

c 1290 Lives Saints (1887) 280 Pe pope makede him daun- 
cherous : and nolde ensenti per-to. 1297 R. Grove. (1724) 
171 Pe kyng boru ys conseyl encented wel her to. c 1305 
Ldmund Conf. 81 in E. E. P.(1862) 73 He ne dude neuere 
lecherie : ne neuere ensentede perto. 

Ensen3e, -3he, -ye, -yhe, obs. ff. Ensicn. 

Ensepulchre (ense‘p#lko1), v. [f. En-} + 
SEPULCHRE.] ¢vavs. To put into a sepulchre; to 
entomb. Also ¢ransf. 

1820 Mitman Fall Jerusalem (1821) 160 The vast common 
doom ensepulchres the world, 1827 Pottox Course 7. vu, 
Cities .. ensepulchred beneath the flood. 1841 Morr in 
Blackw. Mag. L. 390 The oblivious gulf, whose mazy gloom 
Ensepulchres so many things. 1885 TENNyson Balin 
Poems 146 Let the wolves’ black maws ensepulchre Their 
brother beast. 

Enseraph: see En- gvef.! 2. 

Enserch, obs. form of ENSEARCH. 

+ Ense’rchise. Oés. [asifa. OF. *encerchise, 
f. encerchier to ENSEARCH.] A search, inquiry. 

1436 Pol. Poents (1859) II. 195 Thus was he wonte..One 
suche enserchise busily to abyde. 

+ BEnsered, #//. a. Obs. rare—1. [f. En-1+ 
SrERE+-ED 1,] Furnished with ‘seres’ (defined in 
Bk, St. Albans as ‘the skin on the legs’). 

1486 Bk. St. Aléans A vij a, This hawke has..a faire en- 
seryd legge. 

Enserf: see Ey- pref.! 2. 

Ensew(e, obs. forms of ENSUE. 

Enshade (enféi:d), v. [f. En-1+SHApDE sd.] 
trans. To envelop in shade. 

18.. HartCarne After Sunset in Sharp Sonnets this Cent. 
(1886) 38 While we lie Enshaded, lulled, beneath heaven’s 
breeseleac sky. 

Enshadow, Enshawl: see En- pref! 1 a. 

Ensheath(e (enf7:p, -3), v. Also 7 insheath. 
[f. En-1 + Sueatu 5d., SHEATHE v.] tvans. To 
enclose in, or as in, a sheath. : 

1593 Nase Christ's T. (1613) 50 My throat..hath quite 
swallow’d vp and ensheath’d my tongue. 1737 OzELL 
Rabelais 11. xxxiii. III, 39 The velvet scabbard that in- 
sheatheth it. 1835-6 Topp Cyc?. Anat. I. 8/2 By the triple 
partition of its tendon, it ensheaths the lumbar muscles. 
1860 Lp. Lyrron Zwcile u. vi. § 9 In the young heart .. 
A love large as life, deep and changeless as death, Lay en- 
sheathed. 

Hence Enshea‘thing #//. a. ; 

1877 Kincrake Crimea VI. vi. 317 The ensheathing 
columns were roughly handled. 


Enshell, Enshelter: see En- pref.) 1 a. 
26 


aS ty > ee 


ENSHIELD. 


+ Ev-nshield, 2. Ods. rare—1. [Usually taken 
as = enshie/ded, pa. pple. of next, which suits the 
ap t sense ; but the accent is peculiar. Perh. 
f, Ex-1 + Surexp sd.]_ ? Shielded, concealed. 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. u.iv. 80 These blacke Masques 
Proclaime an en-shield beauty. 

Enshield (enj7‘ld), v. rare. [f. En-1+ Surenp 
v.] trans. To guard or screen as with a shield. 

1855 SincLeTon Virgil I. 293 This altar will Enshield us 
all. Miss Mutock Romant. T. 301 The frail, trem- 
bling child stood still enshielded by Olof’s arms. 

Enshore, obs. form of InsHORE. 

Enshrine (enfrain), v. Also 6-8 inshrine, 
(6 enshryne, 7 inscrine), [f. Ex-1+Sar1vez.] 

1. trans. To enclose (a sacred relic, the image 
of a deity or saint) ina shrine; to place (a revered 
or precious object) in an appropriate teceptacle. f 

1586 Warner A/d, Eng. u. xili. (1612) 60 Philoctes .. His 
ashes did conuay To Italy, inshrined in his Temple there to 
stay. 1623 MASSINGER DE Milan u, i, Though but a ducat, 
We will enshrine)it as a holy relic. — Mitton P. L. 1. 71 
To inshrine Belus or Serapis thir Gods. @1744 Pore Wife 
of Bath 249 [The tomb] where enshrin’d the great Darius 
lay. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch-bk. 1, 267 The remains of those 
saints and monarchs which lie enshrined in the adjoining 
chapels, 1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. xlvii. (1828) 1V. 413 
The snake-devouring ibis these inshrine. r 

fg. 159 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, m. ii. 119 Burgonie Inshrines 
thee in his heart. 1661 Morcan SA. Gentry. vii. 98 Next 
to his bosom in whom she [Eve] was inscrined. 1671 
Mixton P. 2. 1v. 598 True image of the Father. .enshrined 
In fleshly tabernacle. a 1743 Savace Verses to Knight (R.) 
In whose transcendent mind Are wisdom, purity, and truth 
enshrined. 1841 W. Spatpine /taly & /t, /si. 11. 264 Papal 
orthodoxy sat enshrined in the Escurial. 

humorously, 1851 D. Jerroip St. Giles ix. 89 He was, ere 
the church-bell ceased, enshrined in the family pew. 

+b. To conceal as within a shrine. Odés. 

1583 Stanynurst nes 11. (Arb.) 89 Thee stars imparted 
no light..And the moon enshryned with closet clowdye re- 
mayned. 1596 Spenser Hymn Beauty 188 What booteth 
that celestial ray, If it in darkness be enshrined ever. 

To contain as a shrine does; to serve as a 
shrine for (something sacred or precious). Also fig. 

1621 G. Sanpys Ovia’s Met. vi. 128 The greatest God of 
all My brest inshrines, 1849 Rosertson Sermz. Ser. 1. iii. 
(1866) 41 A poetical shape. .enshrining an inner and a deeper 
truth, 1856 Kane Arct. Ex. I. xxi. 266 The first warm 
snows. .enshrine the flowery growths. 

Hence Enshri‘ned ///. a. Enshri‘nement, the 
action of enshrining, in quot. fig.; also concr. 
that which enshrines or envelopes; in Z/. the sur- 
roundings. Enshri‘ning vd/. sd. 

1795 SOUTHEY Yoan of Arciv. 135 The slant sunbeam Falls 
on the arms inshrined. 1849 Fraser's Mag. XXXIX. 
717 This mystery, in all its enshrinements, has the zdes of 
Egypt striven to express. 1872 HoLtanp Marb. Proph.8 
‘The enshrinement of the Christian faith In sign and symbol. 
1868 BusHNeL Serm, Living Subj. 271 The enshrining of 
his glorious divinity in them. 

Enshroud (enfrau'd), v. Also 7 inshrowd. 
[f. En-14+Surovup.] ¢vans. To cover as with a 
shroud; to envelope completely; to hide from 
view. Also fig. 

1583 StanyHursT 4@nezs 1. (Arb.) 31 Venus enshrowds 
theym with athick fog. 1613-6 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. iv, 
In gloomy vaile of night, Inshrowd the pale beams of thy 
borrowed light. 1761 Cuurcuitt Afol. 4 They lurk en- 
shrouded in the vale of night. 1876 Biackte Songs Relig. 
§ Life 200 Trails of thick blue mist enshroud The green far- 
gleaming glens, 1879 Dixon Windsor 11. xxiii. 243 ‘The 
crimes..were enshrouded in the deepest mystery. 

Hence Enshrou‘ded ///. a. 

1830 Tennyson Dirge ii, Nothing but the small, cold worm 
Fretteth thine enshrouded form. 

+ Ensie‘ge, sb. Ols. rare—', In 5 ensegge. 
[f. next vb. Siege ; in phrase /o day ensiege. 

? a 1500 M/S. Lincoln A i. 17 f. 4 (Halliw.) He went unto 
the citee of Tyre, and layde ensegge abowte it, 


+ Ensie'ge, v. Ovs. In 4 ensege, -segge. [a. 
OF. enseger, -segger (mod.F, assiéger). Cf, As- 
SIEGE.] ¢rans. To besiege. Also fig. 

€1380 Wyciir Serm, Sel. Wks. I. 25 Titus and Waspasian 
+,ensegiden Jerusalem. /d/d. 11. 155 Pei ensegen soulis 
of men. ? a 1400 Morte Arth. 1337 Ensegge all a cetese 
be the salte strandez. cx1g00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xu. 58 
When twa rewmes er at were and owber party ensegez 
citee, toune or castell, 

Ensient (ensient), a. Zaw. Later spelling of 
enseint = ENCEINTE. 

hee d J. Powe Devises (ed. 3) 11. 359 A natural child of 
which a particular woman is ensient. 1818 Cruise Digest 
VI. 181 If.. his said wife should be ensient with one or 
more children, 

Hence Ensie‘nture, the state of being with 
child, pregnancy. 1775 in Asn. 

Ensiew, obs. form of Ensug. 

+Ensi‘ferous, a. Ols.—° [f. L. énsi-s sword 

+ fer bearing +-ous.] That bears a sword. 

1656 in Bount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1847 in 
Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Ensiform (ensiffim), a. Biol. [f. L. ensi-s 
sword : see -ForM.] Sword-shaped. (Often said of 
leaves.) Ensiform cartilage, a cartilage appended 
to the sternum or breast-bone. 

1541 R. Cor-ann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Belowe in the 
furcule is an addycyon cartylagynous called Ency forme. 
1794 Martyn Roussean’s Bol, xiv. 155 Linnaeus calls them 


202 


Ensiform or sword-sha) 1816 Kirsy & Sr. Entomol. 
1828) II. xxiii. 324 Baten antenna, 1845 LinpLey Sch. 
4, viii. (1858) 151 Leaves ensiform, with parallel veins. 
1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 300 The diaphragm is attached 
to the ensiform cartilage and several ribs. 
‘ht, obs. form of Insicur. 

(ensain). Forms: 4, 6 an-, as-, en- 
sen3e, -3he, -ye, -yhe, 4 ensaigne, 5-7 ensigne, 
5 ensygne, 6 enseigne, essenje, (6 insigne, 8 
insign), 6- ensign. See also ANncrENT sb,2, IN- 
SIGNE. [a. OF. enseigne, enseine, ensaigne, an- 
signe, corresp. to Pr. enseigna, ensegna, essenha, 
Cat. insignia, It. insegna:—L. insignia, pl. of 
insigne, neut. of insignis adj., f. in + signum war 

The Insicne used in sense 4 by some writers late in 18th c, 
and in rgth is prob, intended as Lat., and is therefore treated 
as a distinct word.] : : 

+1. A signal; a rallying or battle-cry, watch- 
word, Chiefly Sc. Obs. 

1375 Barzour Bruce n. 378 Hys assen3zhe gan he cry. Jdid. 
v. 323 His ensenz3he mycht heir him cry. ¢ ‘erlin x. 
161 ‘the Duke..cride his ensigne. c 1g00 Lancelot 3347 
Thar essen3eis lowd thai gon to cry. 1513 DouGLas ineis 
vu. ix. 86 The hyrdis ensen3e loud wp trumpis sche. 

2. A sign, token, characteristic mark. arch. 

1474 Caxton Chesse 85 Entyse them to lawghe and jape by 
~~ ysordynate ensignes or tokenes. 1491 — Vitas Patr. 
(W. de W. 1495) 1. i. 3a/1 In exposynge to hym very en- 
sygnes of his vysage and clothynge. 1609 B. Jonson Sid. 
Wom. m. vi, We see no Ensigns of a Wedding here. 1632 
Massincer & Fieip Fatal Dowry1. i, Are these the ensigns 
of so coarse a fellow? 1644 Yus Pop. 48 The prime ensignes 
of Majestie, which consists in making Tawi. 1650 BuLWER 
Anthropomet. xii. 132 The Beard is the ensigne of man- 
hood. 1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 84 From these three 
strong marks and ensigns of superiority, 1830 Gen. P. 
Tuompson £-xerc. (1842) I. 206 A well-dressed man, with all 
the ensigns of respectability and good-fellowship about him. 

“| humorously. Cf. 5 and Fr. enseigne signboard. 

1854 THackeray Newcomes 1, go There was never a card 
in her window, whilst those ensigns in her neighbours’ 
houses would remain exposed. .for months together. 

3. A conventional sign; an emblem, badge. 

1579 E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Apr. 123 The 
Oliue was wont to be the ensigne of peace. 1665 G. Havers 
P. della Valle's Trav. E. Tui 46 Whether this fillet..was 
a badge of Religion, or only an Ensign of piety. 1750 
Jounson Rambler No. 55 ® 4 My mother appeared again 
without the ensigns of sorrow. 1825 Miss Mirtrorp in 
L’Estrange ae II, x. 209 She left those ensigns of authority, 
the keys, in his possession. 1860 Asp, , pater Laws 
Th. § 22. 33 The Sculptor raises a tomb, and covers it with 
the ensigns of piety and death. s 

4. esp. A badge or symbol of dignity or office ; 
chiefly A/. = L. insignia; also, heraldic arms or 
bearings. 

1513 DouGLas 4neis vu. iv. 53 Sceptour and croun, And 
of justice wthir ensenjeis seyr. 1836 Act 28 Hen. V/I/, 
c. 16 § 3 Thoffice .. of an archebyshop .. with all tokens, 
insignes and ceremonies thereunto lawfully belongyng. 
1676 Hosnes //iad 1, 15 Having in his hands the Ensigne 
meet .. A Golden Scepter and a Crown of Bays. 1691 
Lond. Gaz. No. 2653/3 Then the King put on the Blue 
Ribon with the George, Garter King at Arms reading the 
usual Admonitions upon the putting on each of the said 
Ensigns. 1710 Pater Proverbs 359 The ornaments and 
insigns of a family. 17§0 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 1. 12 
There is nothing ., but a black marble table, ecasadeal 
with ensigns armorial. 1772 Ann. Reg. 77/2 A new order 
was instituted by her Danish Majesty. .the ensign of which 
is a cypher of her Majesty's name. 1 Gisson Decl. & 
F. I. xvi. 428 A white robe was the ensign of their dignity. 
1873 Tristram Moadé xii. 226 Two fine Saker falcons. .his 
pets, the ensign and crest of his tribe. 

5. A military or naval standard ; a banner, flag. 

In British nautical use applied Spec. to a flag with a white, 
blue or red field, and the union in the corner, Since 1864 
the ensign of the Royal Navy and the Royal Yacht Squadron 
has been white, that of the naval reserve, of ships in the 
service of public offices, and of certain yacht clu s, blue, 
and the ‘merchant ensign’ red. (See Encycl. Brit. ed. 9 
s.v. Flag.) 

¢1400 Rom. Rose 1200 And that was he that bare the 
ensaigne Of worship. 1§13 DouGtas Aineis x1. ix. 45 Charge 
thame thar ensenjeis for to rais on hycht, rg9x GARRARD Art 
Warre 65 The valiant Alfierus with his ensigne in one hand 
and his sword in another. a 1656 Br. Haut Occas. Medit. 
79 We are wont to fight cheerfully under this ensign abroad. 
1707 Royal Proclam. 28 July in Lond Gaz. No. 4356/1 We 
have..t! ought fit..to Order and Appoint the Ensign De- 
scribed on the .. Margent hereof, to be Worn on Board all 
Ships. 1838 Hist. Record 3rd Regt. Foot 27 And each 
Sony ay! had a colour which was designated an ensign. 
1848 M. Arnotp Poems (1877) I. 85, I still bear on The con- 
quering Tartar ensigns through the world, 

b. transf. 

3598 Cuarman Iliad vi. 175 Lycia, where Xanthus doth 
display The silver ensigns of his waves, a 1678 MARVELL 
Poems 26 Then flowers their drowsy eyelids raise, Their 
silken ensigns each displays, 

+8. A body of men serving under one banner ; 
a company, troop. Sometimes used to render the 
L. cohors or ordo. Obs. 

The number of men in an ‘ensign’ seems to have varied 
— 44 Eccl. Mem. 11. The Bishops 

1552 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 11. 1. x. 328 The Bi of 
Colen and Treves..did send unto the Emperor x —_ 
and six ensigns of foot. x1g8x Savi-e Zacitus’ Hist.ts r 
Annot. 51 The Hastati were diuided againe into ten En- 
seignes, or ordines, 1584 Batnuis Left. in Keith Hist. Ch, 
§ State Scotl.(1734) App. 44 (Jam.) The payment of our fute- 
men extendis monethlie everie Ansenye (whiche are now sex 
in number) to . sterl. 1590 J. Smytu Disc, We 8b, 
Our English Milicia of footmen monie yeares past, did consi 


of bands but of 100 to an Ensigne. did. At which 
time thels bands. did. consist of fite hundred to eves Mat 


Fe ae eee en cmtaine cosiqnes [cokortes] of his best 


1650 R. Staryiton Strada’s Low 
Ge ogi a She commanded Count Mansfeldt to goe 
1 


before with 16 ensignes, of her best Foote. 
7, The soldier who carries the ensign ; a standard- 
bearer. See Anotent sb.2 Formerly commis- 


1513-75 Diurn, Occurr. (1833) 225 Alexander ansenyi 
to capitane Daniel Meluile with Bees caret med 
pei 1579 Dicces ee - Let pe Banees be 
aman accompte, » Hupsarp Narrative 19 
Ensign Savage, that mo em 1682 BuNYAN 
Holy War 51 His Ensign was Mr. Thunder. x tr. 
Keysler’s Trav. (1760) 1. 309 The sons of many of the noblest 
and wealthiest families are ensigns and lieutenants. 1846 
M:Cuttocu Acc. Brit, Empire (1854) 11. 559 The mortality 
of captains from battle is double that of ensigns. on) 

8 +a. transl. Fr. 7 de vaisseau, midship- 
man (ods.), b, In the U.S, navy, the designation of 
the lowest rank of commissioned officers. 

1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4420/7 Mr, de Villeville, Ensign of 
the Ship. 1886 Encycl. Amer. 111, 819 Officers of the Navy 
--Ensign, ranking with Second Lieutenant in the Army. 

9. Comb, as ensign-staff (in sense 5). 

1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4380/2 His — carried away 
our Ensign-Staff. 1799 Naval Chron. 1. 269 Nailed the 
Flag to the ensign staff. 

msign (ensai‘n), v. Obs. exc. Her, Forms ; 5-6 
ensigne, -sygne, 5 enseigne, -seygne, enseyne, 
(6 ensine, -syne, 7- ensign). Also 5 inseygne, 
6 insygne, 6-8 insigne. [a. OF. ensignier, en- 
seigner, corresp. to Pr. enseignar, Cat. ensenyar, 
Sp. ensefar, Pg. ensinar, It. insegnare :—med.L, 
insignare, f. in (see IN-) + signum sign.] 

+1. trans. To indicate, point out, show. Also 
absol. to give indications. Ods. 

Pe. 5 oe — 3 —_ to the wa =F ag 

olden he enseigned to the lady. =— . Leg. 2! 
Why callest thou them traitours Ban e ben Doone and 
enseygnethelyfperdurable. 1541 R.CopLanp Galyen’s Tera- 
peutyke 2 C iij, But I can nat coniect what may shewe and 
ensygnethe tyme, 1548 UpALL, etc. Erasm. Par, ¥ohn 67a, 
He did ensigne theim in time to come a terrible iudgemente. 
1576 BAKER Fewell of Health 29 a, The matter ought afore 
to be put into the vessels, as this letter X insigneth to us. 

+ 2. To direct (a person) Zo an object ; to instruct, 
inform. Also with double acc.; To teach (a 
person, a thing). Ods, 

1474 Caxton Chesse 16 He is taught, and 
norisshed in his by 1477 Eart Rivers(Caxton) Dictes 
74 b, Wylle ye that = and teche you howe ye shal 
mowe escape from alle euyll. xg08 Barcray Shyp of Foiys 
(1874) I. 236 A folysshe Father full hardly shall ensyne Hi 
sone to good lyfe. x Barret Theor. Warres u. i. 16 
[The Caporall] himselfe ensigning and teaching the Bi- 
sognios, Jdid, m1. i, 33 Ensigning them the vse of their 
werpon. A Pai ees ee 

3. +a. To mark with a distinctive sign or a 
also, to serve as a badge of (ods.). b. Her. To 
distinguish (a charge) by a significant mark or orna- 
ment placed upon it, as a crown, coronet, or mitre. 

15 want Armorie u. 71 The Cocke aboue other 
birdes is ensigned with a peculiare Creste. 1586 Ferne 
Blas, Gentrie 138 Princes. .which do insigne their chapeau 
and helme with a crowne of flowers and crosses. 1610 
Guitim Heraldry 1. i. (1660) 5 Osyris bare a Scepter 
insigned on the top with an Eye. 1610 Jonson Prince 
Henry's Barriers, Henry but join’d the roses, that ensign’d 
Particular families. 1766 Porny Heraldry (1787) 150 The 
sixteenth is it, a man’s Heart Gules, eaesd with a 
Crown Or. ° Columb, vi. 272 A warrior en- 
sign'd with a various crown. 1842 M. Lower Eng. Sur- 
names (1875) Il. App. 148 A cross ee XP. oe 
Bourett Hera Hist. & Pop. xiii. 96 bishops 
Bishops. .ensign their Shields with their Mitres. 

rT bea:rer, Ods. One who carried 
a company $ ensign; = ENSIGN 7. 

1579 Dicces Stratiot. 89 The ensigne bearer ought, when 
the warre is ended, to deliver up to hys captayne agayne 
hys Ensigne. 1582-8 //ist. Yames VI (i804) 134 Alexander 
Bog ansen3ie bearer to Capitane Meluill, E. Grim- 
stone Hist. Siege Ostend 72 An Ensigne- . was slaine, 
1672 Venne Mil. Observations, Exercise Foot 177. 
ensainsi). [f. Ensien sd. + -oy (cf. 

e rank or position of an ensign 


captaincy).] 
in the army. 

1767 Hucu Ke tty, etc. Badler II. 166 A ge? little en- 
signcy. 177% Smotterr Humph. C. Z, (1815) 227, purchased 
an ensigncy. 1800 Wetuincron in Gurw. Disp. I. 2: 
Recommended for the first vacant ensigncy in the agrd 
regi 1860 J. K odlibet xvii, 227 iz 
an ensigncy from the hands ashington, 

(enssinhud), sonce-wd. [f. En- 

SIGN sd.+-HOOD.] The state of being an Oy 

1842 Mrs. Gore in 7ait’s Mag. IX. 569 first fort- 
night of escape from cubhood to ensignhood. 

+ Ensi'gnment, Oés. [a. OF. enseignement, 
f. enseigner to teach; cf. ENSIGN v. and -MENT.] 

1. a. The action or process of showing or teach- 
ing, instruction; b. comcr. that which is taught, 
a lesson ; also, a means of instruction. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. v. iii. (2498) 107 He that 


hath the bra nesten, Snypne eal cies a 
of ensey Aches ynge. 1483 Caxton G. de fa Tour 


ENSIGNSHIP. 


Liij, I shalle telle yow what Salamon therof seyth in the 
hook of thensey 1493 Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 
154 And whan all y° people come soo togyder at this en- 
sygnement. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. vi. 
177 Aryght profytable insygnement of the practyse that the 
confessour ought to holde. 1575 in Lane; 's Let. (1871) 
93 He ensued not the ensygnementes nor the doctryne of 
the dyuyne sapyence. 1600 Hotianp Livy v. li. 212 We 
are made an example and ensignement [documento] to the 
whole world. 

2. A badge or symbol of office ; = ENSIGN 4. 

1567 R. Mutcaster Fortescue’s De Laud. Leg. 121 A 
white quoife of silke: whiche is the principal and chief in- 
signement of habite wherewith serjeantes at lawe in their 
creation are decked. 161x Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. 
(1632) 703 King Edward also deuised. . distinctive habites and 
ensignements, whereof the principall was the azure Garter. 

+Emnsignship. Ods. rare—'. [f. Ensien sd. 
+-SHIP.] = ENSIGNoy. 

1745 Observ. Conc. Navy 44 Sales of Ensignships, Ad- 
jutancies, Quarter-Master-ships, etc. 

Ensilage (ensilédz), sd. [a. F. ensilage, f. 
ensiler ; see ENSILE v.] 

1. The process of preserving green fodder in a 
silo or pit, without having previously dried it. 

1881 Salem (Mass.) Gaz. 10 June 1/2 On ensilage of Green 
Forage Crops in Silos, 1882 Macwz. Mag. No. 278. 114 En- 
silage is the packing of green forage in air- and water-tight 
structures, 1882 77es 30 Nov. 11 The object of ensilage is 
to maintain the sap as nearly as possible in its original 
state. 1884 Boston (Mass.) Frnl. 20 Nov. 2/4 Norfolk is 
the county where the ensilage of fodder is most practised. 

2. The material resulting from the process. 

1881 Echo 11 June 1/6 Ensilage..is produced by cutting 
green fodder of different kinds when well matured..and 
pressing it down in water-tight pits, subsequently also made 
air-tight. 1882 Times 30 Nov. 11 About 3in, of the ensilage 
was found to be mouldy. 

3. attrib. 

1883 Edin. Rev. Jan. 150 Five separate manufacturers 
advertised ensilage cutters. 1888 Ties 24 July 13/1 Those 
who were prepared to make ensilage stacks. 

Ensilage (e'nsilédz), v. [f prec. sb.]  ¢rans. 
To subject to the ensilage process; to convert 
into ensilage. Hence Evnsilaged //v/. a. 

1883 West Chester Pa. Republican V1. No. 37. 4 Anen- 
silaged crop. 1883 Chamé. Frni. 274 Pease, oats, maize, 
and vetches might be ensilaged together. 1883 Edin. Rev. 
Jan. 149 Preserving green fodder by ensilaging it. 

Ensilate (e'nsile't), v. [f Fr. erstl-er + -atE.] 
= ENSILAGE v. 

1883 Chamb. ¥rnl. 5 May, Green forage should be ensilated 
without mixture of any dry substances. 

Ensile (ensoi'l), v. [ad. F. evsile-r, ad. Sp. 
enstlar, f. en- (see En-1) + sto (see Stno) pit for 
preserving green fodder, repr. L. sivus a. Gr. cipds, 
oepds underground granary.] ¢rans. To put (for- 
age) into a silo for preservation ; to convert into 
ensilage. HenceEnsi‘led £/. a., Ensi‘ling v0/. sd. 

1883 Manch. Exam, 29 Nov. 5/3 Of the 24 tons of grass 
ensiled in June it was calculated that there was at least 21 
tons available for winter use. 1885 Spectator 21 Feb. 249 
Lucern, red clover, and spurrey have all been successfully 
ensiled. 1885 Pal? Mall G. 29 oe 5/1 Alcoholic silage is 
produced by the action of the cells of the ensiled plants. 
Lbid., The ensiling of immature fodder. 

e: see ENSEEL. 

Evnsilist. [f. Evstxu+-1st.] One who pre- 
serves his crops by ensilage. 

1883 Hibernia July 103/2 Concrete has been adopted by 
many ensilists. 

Ensilver: see En- pvef.1 1 b, 

+ Ensi‘ndon, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. En- 1+ Sry- 
DON.] ¢vans. To wrap in a sindon or linen cloth. 

1609 Davies Holy Rood I. vi, Now doth this. .Synaxie.. 
Ensindon Him with choicest Draperie. 

Ensine, obs. form of Ensian. 

+ Ensi‘se, Ods.—°  [var. of Assizz.] 

1721-1800 BatLey, Exsise, quality, stem O[/d word]. 

Ensisternal (ensistd-mal), a. [f. L. ensi-s 
sword + mod.L. stern-um, Gr. orépv-ov breast-bone 
+-AL.] ‘Relating to the ensiform cartilage’ (Syd. 
Soc, Lex.). 


Ensky (enskoi:),v. [f. En-1 + Sxy.] cans. 
To place in the sky or in heaven; ass. only. 

1603 Suaks. Meas, for M. 1. iv. 34, L hold you as a thing 
en-skied, and sainted. a@ 1763 SHeNstone Odes Wks. 1765 
I. 255 Thou seem’st chang’d ; all sainted, all ensky’d. 1814 
Cary Dante (Chandos) 226 Of seraphim he who is most en- 
sky’d, 1858 Parmore Angel ix Ho. 136 This truth’s a star, 
Too deep-enskied for all to see. 


Hence Enskie'd A//. a. 
1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna (1857) 109 The most 
majestic of the enthroned and enskied Madonnas. 


Enslave (enslé-v), v. Also 7-8 inslave. [f. 
En-1+ Srave.] 

1. rans, To reduce to slavery; to make a slave 
of. Also adsol. 


1656 CowLey Davideis u. (1710) I. 348 Enslav’d, and sold 
to Ashur by his Sins. 1793 BLackstone Comm. (ed. 12) 539 
Much less can it give a right to kill, torture, abuse, plunder, 
or even to enslave, an enemy, when the war is over. 1 
Morse Amer. Geog. I.277 Prevent them from .. enslaving 
their brethren, of whatever complexion. 1867 PEARSON 
Hist. Eng. 1, 50 The ungrateful freedman might be en- 
slaved again, 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage Scipio .. 
had moved forward from his head quarters at ‘unis, plun- 
dering and enslaving as he went. 


203 


2. transf. and fig. a. To reduce to political 
‘slavery’, deprive of political freedom. 

a. 1643 Prynne Treachery & Disloy. Papists u. 43(R.) 
Corrupt publicke officers and judges of late times. .have.. 
endeavoured to enslave both us and our posterities. 1660 
R. Coxe Yust. Vind. 18 A nation may enslave it self by 
its too much wit. 1775 Jounson Tax. x0 Tyr.64 May with 
the same army enslave us. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 
297 Such an army..was not very likely to enslave five mil- 
lions of Englishmen. 1877 Mrs. OuirHant Makers Flor. 
x. 241 She [Florence] was enslaved, she, once the freest of 
the free. 

. 31700 Drypven Fables, Cock § Fox 384 Joseph .. Who 
by a dream inslav’d th’ Egyptian land. (1767 ‘T. Hutcuin- 
a tious Prov, Mass. iv. 425 Confederating..to inslave the 

utch. 

b. In moral or intellectual sense : To render (a 
person) a ‘slave’ to passion, habit, superstition, etc. 

a. c 1645 Howe ct Left, 111. xxi, Who doth enslave him- 
self too strictly to words, 165r BAxTER //, Bapt. 28 Those 
whose consciences are not wholly enslaved to their fancies. 
1738 WesLey Hymn, From whence these dire Portents 
around vi, Let Sin no more my Soul enslave! 1821 
SuHeE.tey Prometh. Und. u. iv. 110 All spirits are enslaved 
which serve things evil. 1825 Lytton Zicc7 24, 1am enslaved 
by her beauty. 1876 Green Short Hist. vi. § 5 (1882) 315 
Luther declared man to be utterly enslaved by original sin. 
1884 Cuurcu Bacon ix. 223 His Latin, without enslaving 
itself to Ciceronian types.. is singularly forcible and ex- 
pressive. 

. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refi. w. viii. (1675) 218 To which un- 
bridl’d Passions hurry the criminally Hes Ae y Persons they 
have Inslav’d. 1705 Stanuope Paraphr. II. 301 Pleasure 
inslaves us by often indulging. 1746 Hurp Remarks 
Weston’s Enquiry (R.), Inslaved to the tenets of a conceited 
philosophy. 

Enslaved (ensléi-vd), pf/. a. [f. ENSLAVE v. 
+-EDI.] Reduced to slavery. Also fig. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1. 797 The conquerd also, and en- 
slav’d by Warr. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 34 France 
and other inslaved countries. 1790 Burke /r. Rev. Wks. 
V. 139 The enslaved minister of that captive king. 1817 
CocerincE SibyZ. Leaves, Not yet enslaved, not wholly vile, 
O Albion ! 1859 Lp. BrouGcHton /¢aly II. 224 The en- 
slaved subjects of the Czsars. 

Hence Ensla‘vedness. 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts, 

Enslavement (ensléi-vmént). [f. Enstave v. 
+-MENT.] The action of enslaving; the state of 
being enslaved. 

1692 Soutn Sevvz. (1697) I. 474 Returning to a fresh En- 
slavement to their Enemies. 1821 New Monthly Mag. I. 
136 The unjust enslavement of Italy. 1839 J. Brenan 
(t7tZe), Old and New Logic, shewing how Lord Bacon de- 
livered the Mind from its 2000 years’ Enslavement under 
Aristotle. 1844 Lorn Broucuam Brit. Const. (1862) Introd. 
21 No alternations of enslavement and emancipation. 1849 
Grote Greece u. Ixvii. (1862) VI. 67 How lamentably they 
[Greek philosophers] were hampered by enslavement to the 
popular phraseology. 

Enslaver (enslét-va1). [f. ENsLAve v. + -ER.] 
One who enslaves; esf. the woman by whose 
charms a man is ‘ enslaved’. 

1727 Swirt To Sted/a, Enslavers of mankind ! Base kings, 
and ministers of state. 1748 SmMoLLetr Rod. Rand. Ixv. 
(1804) 474 The delicate nerves of my fair Enslaver. 1816 
Byron Ch. Har, ut. Ixvii, The earth Forgets .. The en- 
slavers and the enslaved. 1818 Prarep Poems (1865) II. 
243 Hail, fair Enslaver! at thy changing glance Boldness 
recedes. 1849 LyTron Caxtons 15 A name..borne by the 
enslaver of Athens. 1856 Wuyte-MELviLLE Kate Cov. iii, 
Young fledglings pining madly for their enslavers. 

Enslumber: see En- pref) 1a. 

Ensmall (ensm§'1), v. rave. [f. En-1+ Smatr.] 
trans. To make smaller. Hence Ensma‘lled ///.a. 

1857 THomson Land § Book tv. xl. 612 To reconcile my 
previous anticipations with the vastly ensmalled reality. 

Ensnare (ensné1), v. Also 6-9 insnare. 
[f. En-1+Snare.] ¢vans. To catch (animals, etc.) 
in a snare; to SNARE. Chiefly transf. and fig. to 
entangle (persons) in difficulties ; to entrap, beguile, 
lure. Also adsol. 

1 Suaxs. Rich. I//, 1. iii. 243 That Bottel’d Spider, 
Whose deadly Web ensnareth thee about. 1768 Beatrie 
Minstr, 1. xxviii, Spiders ensnare, snakes poison, tigers 
prowl. — V. Knox Zss. (1819) I. liv. 288 Would rather 
shoot a pheasant or insnare a trout. 1836 W. Irvinc As- 
toria I. 133 These people .. ensnare the waterfowl of the 
ponds and rivers. 

transf, and fig. 1593 Suaks. Lucy. 485 Thy beauty hath 
ensnar‘d thee to this night. 1397 Hooker ccd, Pol. v. ix. 
(x6r1) 199 That which hath. .insnared the iudgements of sun- 
dry good..men. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1v. 717 She ensnar’d 
Mankind with her faire looks. 1685 Baxter Parapfhr. 
N. T. Matt. xxii. 16 They sought to insnare Christ. 30 
THomson Autumn 1292 Let these Ensnare the wretched in 
the toils of law. 1749 SMoLtett Regicide ww. iii, Curse on 
these faithless drops Which fall but to ensnare! 1866 
Freer Regency Anne Austria II. 18 Ensnared by her 
beauty and so egregiously duped. 1876 Bancrort Hist. 
U.S. Il, xxxix. 466 A troop of horse, insnared by a false 
guide in an ambush among large trees. 

Hence Ensna‘red A/V, a. 

1643 Mitton Divorce 1, xiv. (1851) 56 Committing two 
ensnared souls .. to kindle one another .. with a hatred in- 
concileable. 1658 J. Rownanp Moufet’s Theat. Ins. 1068 
The ensnared little creatures. .do lie still. 

Ensnarement (ensnée1mént). [f. as prec. + 
-MENT.] The action of ensnaring; the state or 
fact of being ensnared; comcr. that which en- 
snares; an allurement, enticement, bait. 

1617 Hieron Wks, (1619-20) II. 259 And to beware of in- 
snarement with the desire and loue of earthly things. 1649 


ENSOUL. 


Roserts Clavis Bibl. 367 The only Antidotes against 
worldly ensnarements. 1678 Gate Crt. Gentiles I11. 97 
God leaves men to the Blandishments, Allurements, and 
Ensnarements of an heart-bewitching world. 

Ensnarer (ensnéera1)._[f. as prec. + -ER.] 
One who ensnares. 

1631 T. May tr. Barclay's Mirrour Mindes 1. 63 They 
account all strangers .. as enemyes & ensnarers of their 
liberty. 1651 ag F[REAKE] Agrippa’s Occ. Philos. 399 ‘The 
Tempters and Ensnarers have the last place. 27gx Jo;Nsox 
Rambler No. 155 P 13 These ensnarers of the mind. 

Ensnaring (ensnéerin), vé/. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-ING1.] The action of the vb. ENSNARE. 

1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 97 All the Acts made before 
. for the ensnaring of the Subjects. i 

Ensna‘ring, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
That ensnares, entraps. 

1630 R. Jounson Kingd. & Commw. 174 Th’ ensnaring 
Lawes let Crowes goe free, While simple Doves entangled 
bee. 1643 Mitton Divorce u. xiv. (1851) 98 The debtor .. 
flattered with insufficient and insnaring discharges. a@ 1704 
T. Browne Satire Woman Wks. 1730 I. 56 Gay laughter 
now, then sighs, with an ensnaring tear. 1826 Miss Mitrorp 
Village Ser. 11. (1863) 328 The insnaring seductions of the 
tap-room at the King’s Head. F 

Hence Ensna‘ringly a/v., inanensnaring manner. 

1853 Lyncn Sedfé-Jmprov. vi. 151 Till wisdom free us, we 
are insnaringly and slavishly dependent. 

Ensna‘rl, v.! Os. Forms: 6-7 ensnarle, 
7 insnarl. [f. En-1 + Snaru sb] trans. To 
catch or entangle in, or as in, a ‘snarl’ or ravelled 
knot. Also fg. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 148 As an Angler ensnarleth 
his hooke amongst weedes. 1596 Spenser F.Q. v. ix. g 
They would closely him ensnarle, Ere to his den he back- 
ward could recoyle. 1608 TorseLy Serpents 782 Untill 
they [Spiders] have throughly insnarled him within their 
clammy and viscous gins. 1655 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm, u. 
657 The ensnarling our own thoughts, by thinking to fathom 
the bottomlesse depths of God’s justice, with the short 
cordage of our reason. 1675 J. Smitu Chr. Relig. Appeal. 
66 The Roman Empire is ensnarl’d in some or other War. 

+ Ensnarrl, v.2 Ods.—° [f. En-1+Snaru v.] 
tntr. ‘To gnash the teeth’ (Cockeram 1623). 

Ensoak: see En- pref:! 3. 

Ensoap, Ensober: sce En- fvef1 1 a, 2. 

+ Ensoi‘gne, s/. Ols. Forms: 4 ensoyne, 
-soygne, -soyngne, 5 ensoigne. [a. OF. ex- 
sovgne, var. of essoigne: see Essoin.] 

1, Excuse, delay: only in phr. without ensoigne. 

¢ 1325 Coer de L. 1467 Forth they wente, withouten en- 
soyne. ¢1380 Sir Ferunts. 945 So pat euerech with-oute 
ensoygne hap a-slawe his. /ézd@. 2827 And Gy Answerede 
— ensoyngne as he him stod afforn. 

. Embarrassment, inconvenience. 

1475 CAxTon Yason 42 Certes the sekeness is of grete en- 
soigne and payne. 

+ Ensoi‘gne, v. Ods. rare. In 4 ensoyne. 
[ad. OF. ensotgnier, f. ensoigne: see Esso1n.] 
trans. To excuse. 

@ 1400 Leg. Rood (1871) 132 Mi sone from pe schulde beon 
ensoynet. ax4o00 Sir Degrev. 275 There myght no sege be 
ensoynd That faught in the ffeld. 

+ Enso'phic, a. Obs. Cadvala. [f. late Heb. 
AND PR ez soph ‘no end, infinity’ + -1c.] (See 
quot.) 

1693 PAil. Trans. XVII. 801 The Ensophick, or Infinite 
World, from which all the other do spring. 

Ensorcell (ensg'1sél), v. [a. OF. exsorceler, f. 
en- (see En-!) + sorceler, £. sorcier SORCERER.] 
trans. To enchant, bewitch, fascinate. 

@1541Wvyarr in Puttenham Zug. Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 232 
Your Princely happes. .ensorcell all the hearts Of Christen 
kings. 1855 G. Merepitu Shav. Shagpat (1872) 93 A sor- 
ceress ensorcelled, 1886 Burton Arad. Nts. (Abridged) 
I. 24 The damsel. .whom this gazelle had ensorcelled. 

Hence Enso'reelling Afi. a. 

1883 Payne toor V/s. III. 104 His eyes were more ensor- 
celling than Haront and Maront. 

+Emso'rde, v. Ods. vare-'. 

@1528 SkeLton Col. Cloute 2585 Ensordyd with the 
ways savage wode, Without our shyppe be rare, it is lykely 

rast. 

+ Enso'rdid, a. Oés. vare—'. = Sorpip. 

night 4 Fettuam Resolves 1. iv. 5 Vice..in her bared 
skin, or her own ensordid rags ! 

+ Enso'rrow, v. Os. Also 4 insorwe-n. 
[ME. zzsorwen, f. IN-+ sorwen Sorrow v; in 
16th c. independently f. En-1+Sorrow sd.] a. 
intr. To be in pain or sorrow; to sorrow. b. 
trans, To render sorrowful ; to annoy, distress. 

1382 Wyc.ir Rom. viii. 22 Ech creature insorwith, and 
childith, or worchith with angwis, til 3it. 1593 NasHe 
Christ's T. (1613) 78 To the ensorrowing the frontiers of 
sinne. 1603 Frorio Moxtaigne ut. iii. (1632) 46 The body 
..is wasted, and ensorrowed. 

+ Enso'rte, v. Ods. [f. En-1+ Fr. sort spell :— 
L. sort-em lot.] trans. To enchant, bewitch. 

1475 CaxTon Yason 135 Ymagined lyghtly that Medea 
hadde ensorted or bewicched him [Jason]. 

Ensoul, insoul (en-, insdwl), v, [f. Ex-1+ 
Sout.] 

1. trans. To put or take into the soul ; to unite 
with the soul ; +7e/. to be absorbed into, become 
part of, the (Divine soul), 

1633 Eart Mancu, AZ Mondo (1636) 201 They laboured .. 
to insoule themselves in God, x16ga Br. Patrick Fun. 

26-2 


ENSPECIAL. 


Serm, in ¥. Smith's Sel. Disc. He had incorporated, 
shall I say, or insouled ee of justice and right- 
eousness. 1799 SouTHEY yi logs etc. Poet. Wks. III. 
175 Only in some few faithful memories Insoul’d. 1881 

ALGRAVE Visions Eng. 333 Insoul us to the nobler part, The 
bc oe of thy ife and word ! : 3 

2. To infuse a soul into; to fill with ‘soul’. 
Also, to dwell in, animate, as a soul. 

1652 W. Dennie Glance at Theoph. in Benlowes Theoph., 
The hallowed air Seems all ensould with sweet Perfume. 
1832 Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 653 He ensouls all dead insen- 
sate things. 1841-4 Emerson Zss. Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 78 
The soul is wholly embodied, and the body is wholly en- 
souled. 1879 G. Macpvonatp Sir Gibdie I. xii. 177 The one 
visible symbol informed and insouled of the eternal. 1888 
C. Gore Ministry Chr. Ch. 24 note, An organism ensouled 
by the indwelling word. 

Hence Ensouw'led /f/. a.; Ensou'ling ///. a. | 

18.. Nat. Encyci. 1. 901 Christ was évoapxos, ‘incarnate’, 
but not guwuyos ‘insouled’. 1865 Draper /nte/l. Devel. 
Europe iv. 71 He [Thales] taught that the world is an in- 
souled thing. 1826 Blackw. Mag. XX. 490 Infinitely pene- 
trating—ensouling. 1868 BusHNett Serm. Living Subj. 
4 The Word itself became the ensouling principle. 

mg, obs. variant of EVENSONG. 

Ensound : see En- pref! 2. 

Ensourge: variant of INsuRGE. Ods. 

Ensoyne, obs. form of Ensien. 

Ensoyne, -soygne, variants of ENSOIGNE. 

Enspangle, Ensparkle: see En- fref.! 1b. 


+ Enspe‘cial, adv. and a. Obs. [Phrase iz 
special, OF r. en especial.) 
A. adv. Especially. B. adj. Especial. 


¢1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 24 She that 
fro hensforth wy] be your enspecyall louer and frende. 1 
Wurttinton Tullyes Offices 1. (1540) 26 Ayde of this lyfe is 
due to them enspecyall. 

+ Enspee'r, v. Os. vare—'. In 5 enspere. 
[f. En-14+Sprer.] zztr. To enquire. Const. of. 

c1440 Gesta Rom. \xix. 317 (Harl. MS.) The Emperour 
enspered of the prioress. 

mspell : see En- pref! 1 b. 

Ensphere (ensfie1),v. Also7en-, insphear(e, 
7-9 insphere. [f. En-! + SPHERE.] 

+1. trans. To place in a (celestial) ‘sphere’. 

1615 Val. Welshm. (1663) B iij a, Eternal peace Insphear 
thy soul, and mount it to the stars. 16 Mere Comus 3 
Where those immortal shapes Of bright aereal spirits live 
inspheard. 4 x ; 

2. To enclose in, or as in, a sphere; to encircle, 
enclose. Also fig. 

1616 Cuarman Homer's Hymns, To Hermes 394 His 
ample shoulders in a cloud enspher'd Of fierie chrimsine. 
c1630 Drumm. or Hawt. Poems Wks. 13 As that high 
circle, which the rest enspheres. a@ 1634 CHAPMAN Sonn. 
iii, None like Homer hath the world enspher’d, Earth, seas 
and heaven fix’d in his verse. 1648 Herrick Hesfer., To 
King on Taking Leicester, Victory do's rest, Enspher’d 
with palm on yourtriumphant crest. 1850 Mrs. BrowNinG 
Poems 1. 345 The clear strong stars .. insphere Our habita- 
tion, 1876 T. Harpy Hand Ethelberta i 98 Being com- 
pletely ensphered by the fog. 

b. To contain as a sphere does. 

1612 Donne Elegy Mrs. Drury, 2nd Anniv. 78 Wks. 
1872 I. 133 Shee whose eyes ensphear’d Star light inough, 
t’ have made the south controll. .the star-full northern pole. 

3. To make into a sphere, give spherical form 


to eye A 

1640 T. Carew Poems, Obseg. Lady A. Hay, Virgins.. 
Shall draw thy picture..One shall enspheare thine eyes. 
1852 H. Rocers £cd. sls 24 His true emblem is the 
hedgehog ensphered in his prickles. 1856 Mrs. Browninc 
Aur. Leigh 1. 1007 Who .. turning grandly on his central 
self Ensphered himself in twenty perfect years. 

Hence Ensphe'rement, Ensphe'ring v?/. sd. 
and ffl. a. 

1841 Blackw. Mag. L. 153 Man’s belief. .received by his- 
torictradition and customary enspherement. 1868 BusHNELL 
Serm. Living Subj. 13 Avisible insphering in flesh. 1652 
Bentowes 7heoph. 1. xxii, Twining Embraces with’s en- 
sphearing arm of love. x Masson Ess. 3 Devils 73 The 
ensphering atmosphere and the storms that rage in it. 

mspice : see En- pref. 1 b. 

Enspire, Enspirit, obs. ff. Insprrz, Inspreit. 

Enspiritualize (enspiritiviloiz), v. rare. 
[f. En-1 + SprrirvanizeE v.] trans. To give a 
spiritual character to. 

1886 SuortHouse Sir Percival iii. 85 [A building) En- 
spiritualised, it seemed to me, by the fleeting clouds that 
swept over the sky. 

Enspisse : see INsPISsE. 

Enstable: see En- pref.! 2. 

+ Ensta‘ff, v. Ols.—° [f.Ev-1+Srarr.] évans. 
To put (a flag) on a staff; to hoist. 

1611 Fiorio, Alberdre..also to enstaffe as a... banner. 

e: see En- pref! ia. 

Enstall, enstalment: see INsTAL, -MENT. 

Enstamp (enstemp), v. Also 7-8 instamp. 

f, EN-1+Sramp v.] To stamp, imprint (marks, 

gures, etc.) 02 anything. Also fig. 

16rr Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. v. vi. 31 Cunobeline (for so 
pea his coines his name is instamped). /did, v. vi. (1632) 32 

any coynes instam| of him. ¢1630 Jackson Creed tv. 
viii. . TIT. 13 ere must be such a correspondence as 
is between the character and the letter enstamped. 
Gataxer Vind. Annot. Fer. 106 A natural power enstam 
on them by God their Creator. 1702 C. MatHer Magn. Chr. 
1. (1852) App. 221 On the other side were enstamped the 
towers of Zion. 1753 Zss. Celibacy 79 Nature is a system.. 


204. 
instam with the of the Deity. 1827 Gentl. Mag. 
XCVILI. 1. 33 Our y hed likewise enstamped upon his 
imagination the forsee aod shadows of which are pre- 


I P 

= Wars v1. Make, that instamped 
Daniet Civ. Wars vi. xxxvii, that instam) 

Choeeenamnareual Aieaed tn Se eat en’s 

Intent. 


Enstar, enstate: see Instar, InsTaTE. 

Enstatite (e'nstateit). Ain. [f. Gr. évorar-ns 
adversary (from its refractory nature) +-ITE.] A 
variety of diallage, tinted variously from greyish- 
or greenish-white to olive-green and brown. 

1857 C. SHerarp Min. 425 Enstatite .. in pri: resem- 
bling pyroxene or scapolite. Rutiey Stud. Rocks x. 
120 Enstatite also affords two other directions of less per- 
fect cleavage. 

Hence Enstati'tic a. [ + -1c]. 

1885 Geol. Mag. Feb. (Title of Article), The Enstatitic 
Lavas of Eycott Hill. 

+ Enstee’p,z. Ods. vare—'. [f.En-1+ Srexpz.] 
trans. To immerse, station under water. 

1604 SHaxs. Oth. u. i. 70 Congregated Sands, Traitors 
ensteep’d, to enclogge the guiltless Keele. 

enstomach: see En- pref.) a. and b. 

+ Ensto‘re, v. Ods. Also 4 enstoore, 4-7 
instore. [Probably two formations: (1) var. of 
ASTORE v., influenced by L. znstaurare to fit up, 
repair, restore; (2) f. En-1 + Srore sd. or v.; 
but the two cannot be accurately distinguished in 
the examples. ] 

1. trans. To renew, repair (transl. L. izstaurare). 

1382 Wycuir 2 Kings xii. 5 And enstoore thei the cover- 


yngis of the hows. — £zek. xxxvi. 10 Ruynouse thingis | 


shaln be instorid, or maad a3ein. -— Efhes. i. 10 For to 


instore [1388 enstore] alle thingis in Crist. — Rom. xiii. 9 If’ 


there be ony othir maundement, it is instorid or enclosid 
[Vulg. ézstauratur] in this word. 

2. To fit up, provide, store with, Also const. of. 

1450 LoNnELIcH Grail xxxv. 585 And for his Maner.. 
Enstored ful wel it was. 1494 in Blyth Hist. Notices § 
Rec. Fincham (1863) 155 Enstored with all my catail of 
shepe. 1502 ArRNoLDE Chron, (1811) 215 He [the Keper] 
shal yelde to the eyer whan so he come to ful age all his 
lande instored of husbondry. _ 1557 Paynet Barclay’s Fu- 
gurth 98 Thys castle was... instored with men, wepyn, 
vitayles, and with all other ordinaunce. 1597 Dantet Civ. 
Wares 11. xxxii, He that is with life and will instor’d, 
Hath for —— inough. a1633 Munvay View Sundry 
Examples 79 Of mony and riches sufficiently instored, 


+ Enstrai't, v. Ols. Forms: 5 enstreit, 6 
enstreighte. [f. En-1 + Srrair a@.]  ¢vans. 
= STRAITEN. a. To make narrow. b. To bring 
into straits or difficulties. 
c1475 tr. 7.a Kempis’ [mit.1. xxiv, Coueitouse men shul be 
enstreited wip most wrecchid nede. 1581 in W. H. Turner 
Select Rec. Oxf. 413 To enstreighte or make narrowe the 


way. P 

+Enstrai‘ten, v. Ols. rare. [f. En-1 + 
STRAITEN.] ¢vans. @. To make strait or narrow; 
to curtail (property). b. To bring into straits; to 
put under constraint. 

1sg0 R. Payne Descr. /re?, (1841) 11 He hath already to 
— his countrie instraightned his demeanes. 1618 

LTON Florus 1. xvii. (1636) 142 But the Romans had en- 
straitned her before she was aware thereof. 

+ Enstra‘nge, v. O/s. Also 5 enstraunge. 
[f. En-1+Srrance.] ¢rans. a. To remove far 
from. b. To make strange or a stranger fo. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 253/2 She was as fer enstraunged 
fro the payne of the flesshe as she was fro corrupcion of her 
body. a@1763 Suenstone Liegies xix. 55, 1 smile, but 
from a soul enstrang’d to peace. 

a. Liipphcagl e, v. Obs. rare-}, 
EstranGLe, Ods.] trans. To strangle. 

cx400 Maunpev. xviii. (1839) 194 Whan thei ben thus 
enstrangled, thei eten here Flesche. 

+Enstre‘ngth, v. 0ds. [f. En-1+Srrenoru.] 
trans. To endow with strength, strengthen. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 122/2 Thys t was tor- 
mented for to dwelle wyth --he was beten to be en- 


“Bnet: 
+ ustrengthen, v. Obs, [f. EN-14+StRENGTH- 
EN.] ‘vans, To strengthen, make strong. 

1538 Leann /tin, II. 75 A famose Toun or Castelle apon 
a very Torre or Hille, wunderfully enstrengthenid of na- 
ture. 1539 Proclam. Hen. VIII in Froude Hist. Eng. U1. 
366 Until such time as they, enstrengthened, may be able 
to go in like pace with them. 1654 Coxaine Dianea u. 162 
Enstrengthening himselfe to receive that soule which by 
the right of Love he supposed belonged to him. 

Enstruct, obs. form of Instruct. 

Enstuff: see En- pref! 3. J 

+ Busty'le, v. Obs. Also 7 enstile. [f. En-1 
+SryzE sd, or v.] trans. To style, denominate. 
re? B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v, viii. 30 Our eye doth 

ie thee (now enstil’d) our Crites. 1623 Vox Gracuili in 
Brand Pop. Antig. (1870) I. 38 a, enstiled Shrove 
day — Sa Serm, (1681) I. 112, Why the 
Apostle should chuse to enstile Almighty God from these 
two [attributes] of Pati and of Ci lation: 1648 Her- 
rick Hesfer., Oberon's Pal. 92 By some enstyl'd The luckie 
omen of the child. 
‘able, v. Obs. [f. ENsuE v. + -ABLE; for 
the sense cf. conformable, suitable.) That logically 
ensues ; likely to result. 


[var. of 


ENSUE. 
ae oe Pr. Masse 93 An issue..resonable an[d) en- 
It is nothing ensuable, because the i 


ficed, they sacrificed Christes bodye and bloud. s6as J. 
Haywarp Banish'd Virg. 183 Which they would not have 
done, if they had but considered or foreseene their ensueable 
inconveniences, 

+Ensu‘ance. Os. [f. as prec. +-aNncz.] The 
fact of ensuing. 

Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio’s Hist. Relat. U 
a, po and due Ghemreation of all pe be os 
this side the line. 

+Ensuant, a. Obs. rave—'. [f. ENSUE v.+ 
-ant. Cf. OF r. ensiwant.] Appropriately follow- 
ing, sequent #o. 

es Putrennam Eng. Poesie u. x, [xi.] (Arb.) 104 If... 


the maker do .. make his dittie sensi ensuant to the 


first verse in good reason. 
Ensucket: see En- pref.) 2. 
Ensue (ensiz"), v. Forms: 5~7 ensew(e, 5 en- 


siewe, -yew, 5-6 insue, 6 insew(e, 6-7 inshow, 
5- ensue. [ad. OF. ensiw-, ensu-, stem of ensivre, 
ensuivre (mod.F, ensuivre), corresp. to Pr. en- 
seguir, It. inseguire:—late L. inseguére, L. insequi 
to pursue, follow close upon, f. 2 (see In-) + segui 
to follow.] 

+1. trans. To follow in (a person’s steps); to 
follow (a leader, etc.). Ods. 

? a1500 Flower Womanhede in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 43 
Whos stepes glade to ensue Ys eueri woman in their de; 
1509 Hawes Examp. Virt. xiii. 255 And xv. ladyes her 
ensue. 1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v. ix. 5 Whom straight the 
Prince ensuing in together far’d. a Bre. ANDREWES 
Serm. 147 All that have ensued the steppes of their faith. 

b. adsol, and intr. 

¢ 1500 New Not-br. Mayd 235, 1 must ensue Where fortune 
doth me lede. 1513 Dovctas neis u. xii. [xi.] 74, Neir at 
our bak Crewse, my spous ensewis. a 1577 Sir T. Smitn 
Commw, Eng. (1633) 56 Which pricketh forward to ensue in 


| their fathers steps. 


+2. fg. To follow the guidance of (a person, 
etc.); to imitate (an example) ; to follow (inclin- 
ation, passion, etc.), conform to (advice, orders). 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. x, I am so dull certayne that 
Ine can Guido ensewe. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. xiv. 47 Tho 
philosophres ensieweth better Plato than Aristotle. ¢ 1g00 
a Gd. Serene in Poet. T7 = (1842) A cares «4 
ought not to ensue Theyr owne x ya~ 
ieee (1863) 23 In this they ensued Christes lawyng and his 
doctrine. 154x Exryor /mage Gov. 13 All honourable 
women ensued the Empresses exaumple. 1599 Davies /m- 
mort. Soul (1876) I. 99 While these receiv’d opinions I 
ensue. 

+b. Of things: To take after, correspond to. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.1. Prol. ( 1495) 3The propritees 
of thynges folowe and ensewe their La 
Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 21 § 19 An ordenance .. insewing 
muche the olde auncient customes of this realme in that 
behalfe. 1628 Coxe On Litt. 13 a, The recompense shall 
ensue the loss. 2 . i 

+3. To follow with the intention of overtaking ; 
to pursue. Ods. 

1513 BrapsHaw St. Werburge 1, 1079 This venerable 
prynce ensuynge this great harte approched to his cell. 
1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agrifpa’s Van. Artes 125 b, To ensue 
them that flee, 4 

b. fig. To follow or seek after, strive to obtain, 
aim at. arch. Also + intr. with after. 

1483 Caxton Cato2b, Eschewe alle vyces and ensiewe 
vertue. 1535 CoverDALE Ps. xxxiii. 14 Let him seke peace 
andensue it. 1642 Rocers Naaman To Rdr. § 2 To affect 
and ensue the meanes of it owne safety. 1759 RoperTson 
Hist. Scot. U1. 119 For him I desire to ensue courage. me 
ory Compromise (1886) 113 They have sought truth 
ensued it, 

+4. To follow out (a plan, course of life, a 
fession, etc.) ; to follow up (a train of thought), 
‘pursue’ (a subject). Also catachr. to spend (a 
period of life). Ods. 

1g09 Hawes Past, Pleas, xxx1. xii, But that in pers you 
may your youth ensue. 1§31 Exyot Gov. 1. iv, (1883) 1. 28 
Semblable ordre will I ensue in the fourmynge the gentill 
wittes of noble mennes children. 1581 LamBarve Liven. 
1. iv, (1602) 136, I will ensue that also. Spenser £/. 
Sir Fohn Norris, Precedent of all that armes ensue. 
a@ 1613 Oversury A Wife (1638) 172 They are not pauled 
with insuing i i , 

+ 5. trans. Of an event, state of things, portion 
of time, portion of a book or discourse: To 
follow, succeed, be subsequent to. Also of per- 
sons; To succeed (some one) in an office, or in the 
performance of an action. Chiefly implying zm- 
mediate sequence: To erg nae to. mf rca 

x Act 7 Hen. VIT,c.20 § space of ij mone! 
Pc gees Miah + Co seid eatin, 1542 in W. H. Turner 
Sel. Rec. Oxford 168 The feast .. next insuying the date 
herof. 1578 Timms Caluine on Gen. 159 How Lo fa was 
ere that the flood insued the creation of the wor! 159% 
Spenser 7eares Muses 54 And let the rest in order ti 
ensew. 1609 Br. Bartow Answ. Nameless Catholic 16 What 
are these . that. d that desp Plot 
1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xxiv. (1748) 360 Him Erkenwald 
ensues th’ eae oy Offa’s son. "1649 Setpen Laws 
Eng. (1739) Pref. 8 For three 
the Normans. 


hundred years next ensuing 


b. intr. Of a portion of time, part of a book 
or discourse: To be subsequent. Of an event, 
a state of things: To occur or arise su tly. 
Chiefly implying immediate succession, Cf, EN- 
SUING Afi. a. 


ENSUER. 


The phrase next ensuing, now somewhat pleonastic, is 
con ne use with solpraue to dates. is. 

5 CAXTON is. Gt. 5 partyes by chapytres en- 
syewyng declared. 1494 Fasyan 5 The Cronycle shall 
ensewe, In his dewe ordre. 1528 Zest. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 
265 To be disposed in maner and forme that ensuyeth. 1559 
in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. iii. 139 Gouernors of the sayd 
hospytalles for the yere now next insuynge. 1584 Power 
Lioyd’s Cambria 91 The yeare insuing. 1g91 in Picton 
L’pool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1 The copie of w* said 
Letter ensueth, 1667 Mitton P, Z. tv. 991 Now dreadful 
deeds Might have ensu’d. 1669 Bunyan Holy Citie 195 
These and the words ensuing. 1709 SteeLe & Swirr 
Tatler No. 74 ? 11 On Saturday the 15th of October next 
ensuing. 1729 T. Cooxe Tades, Proposals, etc. 36 Bleak 
Winds and Storms ensue, they [the Flowrs] droop, they dy. 
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) I. 204/1 Several skirmishes 
ensued in the difficult passes. 1866 KincsLry //evew. xvii. 
216 Conversations ensued thereon between Baldwin and his 
courtiers, A 

te. In pr. pple.; In succession, ‘running’. Ods. 
rare. 

1583 Stocker Hist, Civ. Warres Lowe C. 1. 107 b, Then 
a should giue two nights ensuing at midnight a signe 
with fire, etc. 

6. +a. trans. To follow as a result or conse- 
quence; to result from. Ods. 

1514 Barctay Cyt. § Uplondyshm. (1847) p. xlvi, Surfet en- 


suing — 1566 Drant Horace’ Sat. 1. A viij, Such 
lyke blame That doth ensue outragiouse spence. 1607 Top- 


SELL Serpents (1653) 701 The accidents that follow, are like 
to those which ensue the bitings of Vipers. @ 1677 BARRow 
Serm. (Wks. 1716) I. 1 By peace [may be meant] the con- 
tent..ensuing such a course of actions. @ 1754 FIELDING 
Conversation Wks. 1784 IX. 364 Nor would any incon- 
venience ensue the admittance of such exceptions. 

b. zxtr. To follow asa result ; to result. Const. 
+ by, from, * of, on, upon. 

1483 Caxton Cavo B iij, The grete multitude of synnes 
whyche ensueth and cometh therof. 1525 E. Ler in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. Ser. m1. II, 71, I need not advertise your Grace 
what infection & danger may ensue hereby. 1598 Bark- 
cLey Felic. Man (1631), The service of God, whereof en- 
sueth the enjoying of his heavenly kingdome. a1700 
Dryven Ovid's Met. xu. Wks. 1821 XII. 167 From the 
wound ensued no purple flood. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. 
(1776) II. 318 What devastation might not ensue were the 
elephant. .as fierce..as the tiger. 1837 G. Birp Nat. Philos. 
238 Decomposition of water will, of course, ensue, and 
hydrogen will be evolved. 1850 Tennyson / Meme. cxvii, 
That out of distance might ensue Desire of nearness doubly 
sweet. 

4 To proceed, issue from. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie u. vii. 208 Soules of men, 
from that great soule ensue. 

7. intr. To follow as a logical conclusion. 
Usually zpers. with virtual subject-clause. rave 
in mod. use. 

1s8r Lamparve Liven. wv. iv. 399 It doeth of necessitie 
ensue, that he, etc. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. L. 1. iii. 31 Doth 
it therefore ensue that you should loue his Sonne deerelie ? 

Ensuer (ensiz‘a1). rare. [f. ENsuE v.+-En.] 
One who ensues, a follower. 

1550 Paynet Notable Sayings Script. Ded. Ep., Diligent 
ensuers of his will and steps. 1885 Blackw. Mag. 736/2 The 
poor ensuer of the peace. 

Ensw‘ing, v0/. sd. [f. as prec.+-1NG!.] The 
action of the vb. Ensog, in various senses. 

1561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc 1. i, In right ensuynge of 
your life. 158 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 103 b, The 
ensuyng of whose studious industry we do not neglect. 1605 
VersteGan Dec. Intell. viii. (1628) 242 A iust insuing of the 
vse of reason. 


Ensuin: Marries ppl. a. etc. [f. Ensue 
v. + -ING 2, . ppl. adj. 

1. In various applications of the sense of ENSUE 
v.5. @. Coming afterwards, subsequent, posterior 
in time or order (? 0ds.). b. Immediately subse- 
quent, coming next ; also next ensuing. c. That 
is shortly to happen, approaching, imminent. 

a. 1604 Dekker King’s Entertainm. 270 To a more 
royall and serious ensuing entertainment. 1610 BEAuM. 
& Fi. Maia’s Trag. w.i, A great example of their justice 
To all ensuing eyes, 1627-77 FevtHam Resolves 1. xxiv. 43 
Men, rather than they will want insuing memory, will be 
spoken by the branded Statue. 1680 Life Edw. IT in Select. 
Hari. Misc. (1793) 49 A perfect mirror, wherein ensuing 
kings may see, etc. 

b. x611 Ricu Honest. Age (1844) 20 What conceipt I have 
.-I will partly make manifest by this insuing circumstance. 
1697 DryDEN shee Georg. 1. 112 Th’ ensuing Season, in 
return, may bear The bearded product of the Golden Year. 
1747 WesLey Prim. Physic (1762) Introd. 27, I have had 
many Opportunities of trying the Virtues of the ensuing 
Remedies. tl Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxviii, For the three 
ensuing days I was ina state of anxiety. 1875 ScrIVENER 
Lect. Grk. Test. 11 In the two next ensuing Lectures. 

c. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1638) 306 By the small 
number of their army divining their ensuing overthrow. 
1678 Trans. Crt. Spain 1. 158 There is appearance of an 
bere rupture. 1734 Grud St. Frnt. 2 May 4/3 The en- 
suing Elections of Members to serve in parliament. 1828 
Scott F, M. Perth xxxiii, To make some arrangements 
for the ensuing combat. 

2. In sense of Ensue v. 6: Resulting. 

1604 Dekker Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 U1. 75 To guard 
you safe from all ensuing danger. 1642 Mitton A/ol. 
Smect. (1851) 290 Their manifest crimes serve to bring forth 
an ensuing good, 1665 Eart Rotues in Lauderd. Papers 
(2884) 1. 216 To p ent ffurdier inshowieng danger. 

“+ B. pple. (quasi-prep,). With respect to. Oés. 

-62 Pacitr Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 201 Ensuing this voice, 
we see that St. Peter calls it, etc, : 


7 


205 


+ Enswingly, adv. Os. [f. Ensuine Afi. a. 
+-Ly?2.] In an ensuing manner. a. Congru- 
ously, fittingly. b. In due order or sequence. 

c 1510 Barctay Mirr. Good Mann. (1570) A ij, After mjne 
estate My stile and my writing ensuingly to sounde. @ 1535 
More Ox the Passion Wks. 1321/1 Linked and cheined 
ensewinglye together. 1556 J. Heywoop Spider §& F. xxxi. 
112 What waie was had? ensueth ensuingly. 

|| En suite (aa sw7't, Fr. an siz't), adv. So as 
to form a ‘suite’ or set: see SUITE. 

Ensulphur: see Ey-1! pref. 1 b. 

+Enswrance. és. exc. in form INSURANCE. 

[a. OF. ensewrance : see ENSURE v. and -ANCE.] 

1. The action of ensuring or making certain; 
concr. a means of ensuring. 

1654 WuITLOCK Zootomia 143 Were some mens Petitions 
to men, as non-sensicall as their Prayers to God, they would 
need no other ensurance of their deniall. 1688 Objection 
agst. Repeal Penal Laws & Tests 16,1 will never seek or 
value an Ensurance by Oaths and Tests. 

2. Betrothal. Cf. Ensure v. 4. 

1469 Marc. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 601 II. 340, I 
have non very knowleche of your ensuraunce. 

3. Comm, The securing against loss in return 
for a fixed payment ; = INSURANCE. 

1661 T. Mun Lug. Treas. (1664)6 To be well acquainted 
with the laws..of the Ensurance office. a@1695 Mre. 
Hautrax (T.), There will be no ensurance here to make you 
amends, as there is in the case of fire. 1755 in JoHNSON. 

+ Enswu'rancer. 0és. Also 7-8 insurancer. 
[f. ENsuRANCE + -ER.] He who or that which 
gives assurance or confidence. 

1665 STILLINGFL. Grounds Prot. Relig. 162 Our Ensur- 
ancer in the main Principle of Faith concerning the Scrip- 
tures being the Word of God, is Apostolical Tradition. 

Ensw're, @. Obs. rare—'. [a. AF. ensur, f. 
en- (see En- 1) + sev SuRE ; but perh. to be taken as 
phrase e7 se in a state ofsecurity.] Sure, confident. 

¢ 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 18 In pis world is hard auen- 
ture: Who-so perof is moost ensure, Sunnest schal he be 
schamed and schent. 

Ensure (enfiio1), v. Forms: 5 ensuer, -sewer, 
4- ensure. See also Insure. [ad. AF. exseurer, 
f. ez- (see En-1)+OF. ser (mod.F. si) sure: 
the AF. vb. may be regarded as an alteration of 
OF. asseurer to ASSURE. 

The word freq. occurs in individual MSS. of Chaucer, but 
the better attested reading in these passages is app. assure. 

The form Insure is properly a mere variant of ensure, 
and still occasionally appears in all the surviving senses. In 
general usage, however, it is now limited to the financial 
sense (with reference to ‘insurance’ of life or property), in 
which the form exsure is wholly obsolete.] 

+1. trans. To make (a person) mentally sure ; 
to convince, render confident. Followed by 
subord. clause. Chiefly pass. and ref. Ods. 

c1g00 Melusine 68 They were ensured that they wold & 
sought but good. 1568 Grarton Chron. Hen. V, II. 495 
The French enemies. .ensured themselves to gaine. . whatso- 
ever before they had lost. 1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 147 
That the body do not lock up [souls] there for the sake 
of its hardfastness or closeness, we are ensured, : 

+2. To give security to, pledge one’s faith to 
(a person) for the execution of a promise. Ods. 

1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowle iv. xxxviii. (1859) 63, I ensure 
you feythfully, I shall brynge you toa place where ye shalle 
sene hym. 1557 K. Arthur (Copland) u. xiii, Here I en- 
sure you by the faithe of my body neuer to departe. 

+3. To pledge one’s credit to (a person); to tell 
(a person) confidently ¢ia¢ (something is true). 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2115 Ariadne, I swere & yow 
ensure This sevent yer I have youre servaunt be. c 1450 
Why I can’t be a Nun 364 in E. E. P. (1862) 147 So God me 
spede, I yow ensewer, Ellys yowre habyte ys no trew token. 
1483 Caxton Cato C iiij, I ensure you that it is trouthe. 
1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Z viij, I ensure 
the, the worme in the tymbre. .doth not so muche domage. 
1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. iv. xv. 314 She advised him 
rather to marry, ensuring him that no Lady in the land.. 
would refuse him. 

+4. To guarantee (a thing) to a person; to 
warrant (a fact). Const. ¢o or dat. Obs. 

1460 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 62 Nay, that I you 
ensure. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 424/1 Testefyeng and 
ensuryng that the holy man fiacre was ful of wicked & euyl 
arte. 1528 Roy Saz., I durst ensure the one thynge. 1733 
Neat Hist. Purit. 11. 574 All which he ensured upon his 
royal word, 

+b. To guarantee (an expense). Ods. 

.1738 Jounson Let. Cave in Boswell (1887) I. 122 And 
since the expense will be no more, I shall contentedly in- 
sure it, 

+ 5. To engage (a person) by a pledge or contract. 

c1400 Rowland § O. 160 He es ensurede to myn eme & 
mee, 1440 J. Suirtey Dethe K. Yames (1818) 9 Yn the 
same wise bene ye sworne and ensurid to kepe youre peple. 

+b. esp. To engage bya promise of marriage, or 

(rarely) by marriage itself; to betroth, espouse. 
Cf. ASSURE 4. Obs. 

c 1450 Loneticu Grail lii. 1019 So that ensured thanne 
bothe they were, And for the Mariages they ordeyned 
there. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. cxl. heading, Howe the 

onge erle of Flaunders ensured the kynges doughter of 

nglande. c¢ 1530 — Arth, Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 237 Let vs .. 
sende for the qa to thentent to ensure you to- 
gyther. c1gso Cueke Jatt. i. 18 After his mother Mari 
was ensured to Joseph. 1558 Br. Watson Sev. Sacram, 

xxviii. 177 When the two parties..haue sayde these 
woordes, then bee they ensured and iustly married together. 


ENT. 


1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. /zstine 79 b, No other maide 
should be contracted and ensured to any husband, etc. 

6. To secure, make safe (against, from risks). 

a 1704 L’Estrance (J.), A mendicant contracted with a 
country fellow. .to ensure his sheep for that year. 1776 Sre 

. Reynotps Disc. vii. (1876) 424 Sufficient to ensure us 
rom all error and mistake, 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. 
Servia 426 To ensure her friends against any sort of re- 
action. 1883 Manch. Exam. 26 Nov. 5/3 The Swiss lake 
steamers are. .too toylike to ensure their passengers against 
reasonably probable risks. ; 

+7. Comm. To InsuRE (a person’s life, pro- 
perty, etc.). Obs. 

1693 E. Hatrey in PAzl. Trans. XVII. 602 The price of 
ensuring the Life of a Man of 20. 1747 Scheme Equip. 
Men of War 40 "Tis natural for us to ensure our Effects. 

8. To make certain the occurrence or arrival of 
(an event), or the attainment of (a result) ; = As- 
SURE 5. 

1742 YounG N¢. 7h. vi. 633 All promise, some ensure, a 
second scene. 1796 Burke Kegic. Peace Wks. 1842 1. 380 
Whether the authority..can ensure their execution. 1839 
TuirLWwat Greece I]. 339 Having taken no precautions to 
ensure regular supplies. 1879 W. H. Wuire in Cassel/’s 
Techn. Educ. 1V. 80/1 By this arrangement it is ensured 
that there shall be no leak. 

9. To make (a thing) sure /o or for a person ; to 
secure, 

1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) I. 518/2 Ensuring them 
the victory. aa We tuincTon in Gurw. Désf. I. 48 The 
only rule, whic --can ensure for the officers. .the conveni- 
ences which they have a right to expect. 1847 L. Hunt 
Far Honey x. (1848) 138 It ensures us an intercourse with 
a nation we esteem. 1861 May Const. Hist. (1863) I. i. 12 
A constitutional government ensures to the King a wide 
authority. 

Ensw'rer. vave. [f. prec.+-rr.] He who or 
that which ensures. +a. One who vouches for, 
guarantees. +b. One who guarantees another 
against loss; an underwriter; = INSURER.  c. 
One who or that which renders (anything) certain. 

1654 WHITLOCK Zootomtta 35 Wouldest thou have a Policy 
on Heaven?..make the Poore thy Ensurers. a 1660 Ham- 
Mond Wks. (1684) 1V. 481, I will once set up the Ensurer’s 
Office, that whatever goes out on that Voyage, shall never 
miss to come home with gain. 1693 Lutrrett Brief Rel. 
(1857) III. 29, 9 merchants on the Exchange, great ensurers, 
are all withdrawn for considerable summs. 1694 S. JouNnson 
Notes Past. Let, Bp. Burnet 1. 5 The Pulpits were the 
Ensurers of the King’s Word. @ 1734 Nortu £.vai. 1. vi. 
§ gt (1740) 490 Just as if the Ensurers brought in a Catalogue 
of Ships lost, taking no Notice of Ships arrived. 

Ensurge, var. of InsuRGE v. Ods. 

+Enswring, v2/. sd. Obs. [f. Ensure v. + 
-ING1,] The action of the verb Ensure; adtrid. 
in ensuring-office = insurance-office. 

1709 E. W. Life Donna Rosina 12 The Ensuring Office in 
the Spanish West Indies. 

+Enswa'mp, v. Ods. rare—'. [f. En-! + 
Swamp sb.] _¢vans. To plunge into or entangle in 
aswamp. Implied in Enswa‘mped //v/. a. 

1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. u. (1852) App. 183 They 
were like to make no weapons reach their enswamped ad- 
versaries. > 

Enswathe, inswathe (enswéi3), v.  [f. 
En-1 + SwaruE sé. or v.] trans. To bind or 
wrap in a swathe or bandage. Also refi. 

1597 Suaks. Lover's Conti. 49 Letters sadly pend in blood, 
.. Enswath’d and seald to curious secrecy. 1827 Dr 
Quincey Last Days Kant Wks. III. 116 Nesting and en- 
swathing himself in the bedclothes. 1830 H. N. Coteripcr 
Grk. Poets (1834) 340 Then did they bathe thee in a fresh pure 
stream..and enswathed thy limbs In a white robe. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1830°Airp in Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 821 A lucid air en- 
swathed her head. 1842 Tennyson S?¢. Siszeon Stylites 74 
Inswathed sometimes in wandering mist. 1857 J. Putsrorp 
Quiet Hours 174 Dense vapours were enswathing the soul. 
1873 BrowninG Red Cott, Night-c. 235 Your smile enswathes 
me in beatitude. 

Enswathement (ensw2i‘Smént). [f. prec. 
+-MENT.] The action of enswathing, or the 
condition of being enswathed ; concer. that in which 
anything is enswathed or enfolded. Also fig. 

1877 Bracke Wise Men 65 All vital power..in moist en- 
swathement grows. 1883 H. Drummonp Nat. Law in Spir. 
W, vii. (1884) 225 We..define the soul as an invisible en- 
swathement of the body. 1887 E. C. Dawson Life Bp. 
Hanning ton 27 The cramping enswathements of the Roman 
system. 

Ensweep: see Ev- pref] 3. 

+ Enswee'ten, v. O/s. Also 7 insweeten. 
[f. En-1+Swereren v.] trans. To infuse sweet- 
ness into; to sweeten. Also fig. 

1607 WALKINGTON Of?. Glass 58 Which more ensweeteneth 
the breath. 1627-77 FettHam Resolves 1. viii. 11 The 
bitterness of Reprehension is insweetned. @ 1640 JACKSON 
Creed x1. xxv. Wks. X. 477 The very name of peace would 
ensweeten our thoughts. ew 

Ensynopticity (ensingpti'siti). rave—'. [f. 
En-2 + Synoptic + -(1)ry.] <A capacity for taking 
a general view of a subject. 

1855 WuaTELy Select. Writings 38 There is, perhaps, no 
faculty so much the gift of nature as Totality (or ensynop- 
ticity). F 

Ent!. 0ds.—°. [a. Fr. ente:—late L. *tmpota: 
cf. Imp.] A scion or graft. 

1648 Hexuam Dutch Dict., Eester, an Ent, a Scion, a 
Sprig, or a Graft. 


ENT. 


Ent 2 (ent). a. (quasi-sb.) Metaph. rare. [ad. 
late L. ens, ent-ts: see Ens.] See quot. (rendering 
of Gr. 70 ov). 

188.. H. Jackson in Zucycl. Brit. XVIII. 315 Starting 
from the formula ‘the Ent (or existent) is, the Nonent is 
not’, Parmenides attempted, etc. /id., The Ent, 7. e. the 
existent unity..which reason discovers beneath the variety 
and mutability of things. 

-ent, suffix, a. Fr. -ent, ad. L. -ent-em, the end- 
ing of pr. pples. of vbs. of the and, 3rd, and 4th 
conjugation, as rident-em, currentem, audientem. 
(In the pples. of the 3rd and 4th conjugation 
this ending represents OAryan -n¢-, or perh. -ent-, 
of the ablaut-series -et-, -ont-, -nt-; cf. Skr. -ant-, 
-at-, Gr. -ovr-, Goth. -and-, OE. -end- ; in those of 
the 2nd conjugation it represents this suffix com- 
bined with the thematic -e- of the vb. ; similarly 
the -ant- of the 1st conjugation includes a thematic 
-a-.) In OFr. this suffix and the corresponding 
-ant-em of the 1st conjugation were levelled under 
-ant, the sole ending of the Fr. pr. pple., as 
riant, courant, mourant, levant (:—L. levantent). 
At a later time many L. forms in -ent-, which had 
acquired an adj. sense, were adopted in Fr. as adjs. 
with the -e#¢- unchanged, as diligent, évident ; 
some of these were duplicates of living ppl. forms 
in -ant, as convénient = convenant, provident = 
pourvoyant, confident = ps is The Fr. words 
in -ant, -ent, which were adopted into Eng., have 
generally retained the form of the suffix which 
they had in Fr.; but since 1500 there has been 
a tendency to refashion them after Lat., and hence 
several words in -aw¢ have changed that ending 
for -ent, either entirely or in certain senses. In 
mod, Eng. also many Lat. words in -entem have 
been directly adopted, always in the form -evt. The 
conflict between Eng. and Fr, analogies occasions 
frequent inconsistency and uncertainty in the pre- 
sent spelling of words with this suffix; cf. e.g. 
assistant, persistent; attendant, superintendent; 
dependant, -ent, independent, 

2. In sense the words in -ent, -ant are primarily 
adjs., sometimes distinctly ppl., as convergent, 
obsolescent, errant, peccant; some, however, are, 
like many words of the same type in Lat. and Fr., 
used as sbs. (either in addition to the adj. use or 
exclusively), meaning (@.) a personal agent, as 
agent, claimant, president, regent; (0.) a material 
agent, as coefficient, current, ingredient, secant, 
tangent, torrent; esp. in Medicine, as aperient, 
astringent, emollient, expectorant. 

Entablature (ente'blatiiiz). Also 7-8 in-. 
[ad. (? through Fr.; see quot. 1611) It. zntavola- 
tura, f. intavolare, f. in in + tavola table.] 

1. Arch. That part of an order which is above 
the column; including the architrave, the frieze, 
and the cornice. 

1611 Cotcr. Extadblature, an intablature. 1664 Evetyn tr. 
Freart’s Archit. xiv, 38 The Entablature [orig. Fr. entadle- 
ment) (that is to say, Architrave, Freeze, and Cornice). 1726 
Leont A lberti’s Archit. I. 13b, Columns, Architraves, Inta- 
blatures, and Coverings. 1760 Gray Corr. (1843) 203 Large 
Corinthian columns of fine alabaster. . bear up an cetatdatare, 
and form a sort of canopy over it. 1841 W. Spatpinc /taly & 
It. Ist. 11. 223 In the classical orders, the entablature over- 

wered the columns. 1875 MerivALe Gen. Hist. Rome 
fxn (1877) 665 He was allowed to engrave his own name 
upon the entablature of the temple. 

2. Mech. a. In the marine steam-engine: A 
strong iron frame supporting the paddle-shaft. 
b. The platform which supports the capstan. 

1867 7imes 23 Jan. 1o Among other repairs..has been 
that of the engine entablature, which was split across. 1886 
J. M. Cautrietp Seamanship Notes 3 Parts of the Capstan 
«Throw off, spindle, entablature. =e 

Entablatured (enteeblatiiisd), AA/. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED*.] Furnished with an entablature. 

1849 Freeman Archit. 22 An entablatured mask cloking an 
arched body. 1859 Sata Tw. round Clock (1861) 199 No 
entablatured colonnade, with nothing to support. 

Entable (entéb’l), v. vare—. [f. En-1 + 
TaBLE.] ¢vans. To set up or inscribe on a table. 

1865 E. Burritt Walk Land's End 277 A letter of thanks 
which he requested should. .be entabled and hung up. 

Entablement (enté-b’lmént). [a. F. entable- 
ment, f. entabler, f. en- (see En-1) + table TABLE.] 
a. = ENTABLATURE. b. The horizontal platform 
or graduated series of platforms supporting a statue 
and placed above the dado and the base. 

1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. (R.), They differ nothing 
either in height, sub or entabl from the fe 
Tonic, and masculine Doric. 1708 New View Lond. Il. 
aga/t Columns and Entablement of the Corinthian Order. 
1 Month, Mag. XU. 18 Dado..means (1) the cubic 
ne of the pedestal of a column, or of a statue, included 

ween the base and the entablement. 1865 Reader 9 Dec. 
662 The figure. .standing upon a series of entablements. 

+ Enta‘ch, sé. Ods. rare—'. In 4 entecche. 

[f. next vb.] A symptom of an illness. 


¢ 1350 Will. Palerne 558, 1. .told himal treuly be entecches 
of myn evele. 


206 


+ Enta‘ch, ente’ch, v. Ods. Forms: 4-5 
entech, -tecch, -tetch, 5 entatch, (entachch), 
5-6 entach. [a. OF. entachier, entechier, to im- 
bue with any quality, infect (cf. mod.F. enticher 
to infect), f. ew- (see En-1)+¢ache, teche, spot, 
mark, on, ‘trait’ of character, etc. ; perh. 
ultimately identical with ¢ache, *tac Tack: see 
ATTACH. 

1. trans. To stain, defile; to infect. 
6g Caen Boa 1v. iii. 120 Who so pat euer is en- 
te and defouled wip yuel. c Loneticn Grail 
1. 259 Non Of hem Entachched was with non Maner Synne. 
1481 Caxton Myrr. ut. x. 156 Alle we abyde entetched and 
soylled therby [by Adam’s sin]. 1483— G. de la Tour D 
iij, And of this manere the moost parte of the world is en- 
tatched and overcome, 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. (1845) 137 
With fervent love and fyry Iemes entac! 


2. To imbue with any quality, good or evil. 
See ENTECHED ///. a. 

8. ?To link together. [? var. Arracu.] rare—!. 

¢ 1450 Merlin xviii. 288 Thei were so thikke and so en- 
tacched ech amonge other, that mo than a th d fill in 


ENTAIL. 
obligations, etc. ¢. N uence. d. 4 
ms gare is Sadined: 2 oe iohesitagee 


c yetir Wks. (1880) 391 Men pis 
ly conferm: i_criste. 
FS eer in Eccl. Mem. Il. App. xlv. 131 


princess 

b. 1706 For ne Div. vm. 188 They’re Tra’ 
~ ” the Entails of Sense. 1780 Burke Econ. Ref. 
I 


a0 Ae ee is a bad reward of merit. 
J. Martineau Ess. 218 The natural entail of disease 
and character. 1879 Gro. Exior Theo. Such ii. 36 That 

entail of social ignorance. 
_@ 1662 STiLuincFL. Orig. Sacr. u. vi. § 10 If God by his 
diate hand of provid did not cut off the entail of 
ffects — their natural causes. a1847 R. Hamitton 
wuiiiens © Gist Te entail of vice upon the 


e 
Rew. & 


to the river. : 

Hence Ente‘ched //. a., imbued with certain 

ualities or dispositions; only with qualifying advbs. 

So OFr. bien, mal entechié.} 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus v. §32 On of the best enteched 
creature, That is or shal, while that the world may dure. 
@ 1420 Hoccreve De Reg. Princ. 150 A croked hors never 
the better is entecchede, Althoughe his bridelle glistre of 
golde and shyne. 

Entackle: see En- ref 1 b. 

+ Entai‘l, sd.! Ods. Forms: 4 entaille, 4-7 
entaile, -yle, (4.Sc. eyntayill, 5 entaylle, -eyle). 
[a. OF. entazlle fem., n. of action f. entazller EN- 
TAIL v.!; cf. Pr. entalh, OSp. entalle, Pg. entalho, 
It. zztaglio masc., of similar meaning.] 

I. Cutting, carving; pattern or shape. 

1. Ornamental carving; sculpture. Also concr. 

c 1300 K. Adis. 4671 A schryne, Of entaile riche and fyne. 
c 1400 Rowland & O. 412 Ane helme of riche entayle, Of 
precyouse stanes the appayrayle. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1650 
Caruen in Cristall by crafte of Entaile. 1430 Lypc. Chron. 
Troy 1.vi, A ryche ymage of sylver. .of meruaylous entayle. 
c 1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 139 Foure con- 
dytes meruaylously wrought by subtyll aoa 

concr. ¢% LypG. Bochas u. xv. (1554) 54b, Nothing 
seyn of all the whole entaile, 

. transf. ‘Cut’, fashion of a garment; shape, 
pattern, outline; figure, stature. Also, guise, sem- 
blance. 

c 1320 Sexyn Sag. (W.) 2671 Honge we him in his entaile. 
c 1325 Poems temp. Edw. [1 (Percy) lvi, A new entaile have 
thei i-fend..The raye is turned overthwart. c 1400 Rom. 
Rose 1081 Aboute hir nekke of gentyl entayle Was shete the 
riche chevesaile. c 1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. xxvii. (1554) 63 a, 
Among which hilles.. Been craggy roches most hidous of 
entaile. ¢ 1570 THyNNE Pride §& Low/., Another was there, 
much of his entaile. : 

3. The phrase of good (rich) entatl (sense 1, 2) 
was app. taken as = ‘of good quality’, Hence 
(Persons) of entaile : of ‘quality’ or rank. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace. c Bi Sir Ferumb, 730 
A smot him on pe helm an he3 bat was of god entaille. c 1430 
Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3608 With ix anaes knightes of good 
entaile. ¢ 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 188 Cytryne of 
colour, lyke garnettes of entayle. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 
3273 And yiffe we may wyth spechys spede Wyth trew 
trowthes of entayle. 

II. The keeping accounts by tallies. 

©1488 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. Jo He [Chief Pantrer] 
receivythe the brede of the Sergeaunt of the bake-house by 
entayle. /did. 77 Ale or beer. .pourveyede by entayle. 

Entail (entéil), sd.2. Zaw. Forms: see En- 
Tait v.2 [f. Enratu v.2] The action of entailing ; 
the state of being entailed. 

1, The settlement of the succession of a landed 
estate, so that it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure 
by any one possessor; the rule of descent settled 
for any estate; the fixed or prescribed line of 
devolution. Also in phrases: Zo break, cut (off) 
the entail, Statute of entails, Entail male. 

¢ 1380 [see transfe use2a.). 1467 Bury Wills (1850) 
47, I wylle that myn executo's and myn feffeis see the best 
mene that they can in restoryng ageyn to the olde intaile 
of the seid place. /did. 50 Not poe! in myne dede of 
entayle. 1580 Powe. Lioya’s Cambria 138 To his hei 
male by an especial Entaile aforesaid. x Suaxs. Ad/s 
Well ww. iii. 313 For a Cardceue he will .. cut th’ intaile from 
all remainders. 1660 Burney Kép5. Aopov (1661) 54 In pass- 
ing of Fines and cutting of the Entails. 1712 ArsuTHNoT 
Fohn Bull (1755) 49 His sister Peg’s name being in the en- 
tail, he could not make a thorough settlement without her 
consent. 1742 Richarpson Pamela III. 405 My father too 
+. might have cut off the Intail. OBERTSON //ist, 
Scot. (1802) I, 1. 223 By introducing en .. to render their 
possessions unalienable and everlasting. 1796 Janz AusTEN 
Pride §& Prej. (1833) 268 This son was to join in cutting 
off the entail. 39 Keicutiey Hist. Eng. 1. 252 The 
statute of entails .. is also to be referred to this reign. 
Bancrort /ist. U.S. IIL iii. 341 Entails were not perpetual ; 
land was always in the market. 


2. transf. - Ae. .in various me: a. The 
securing (an office, dignity, privilege) to a 

detonutned line of successors ; a Seedesenadand 
order of succession. b. The transmission, as an 
inalienable inheritance, of qualities, conditions, 


i fe. 

d. 1822 Byron Werner u. ii. 305 Ignorance And dull sus- 
picion are a part of his Entail wall lst him longer than his 

+3. 27. (See quot. ; app. humorous use of phrase 
belongs to 1.) 

1790 W. Marsuatt Mid/. Counties (E. D. be s.v., When 
the reapers come near to the finish, they cut off each other’s 
entails, or ends of the lands: the whole finish together. 

+ Entai‘l, v.' Ods. Forms: 4-5 entaille, 
entaylle, Sc. entailze, (6 entally), 4-7 entaile. 
Also 6 intaile, -yle. [a. OF. entatlle-r, corresp. 
to Pr. entalhar, entaillar, Sp. entallar, It. inta- 
gliare :—late L. intaledre, f. in into + taledre (Fr. 
tailler) to cut.] 

1. trans. To carve, sculpture; to make carvings 
upon, ornament with carvings; to portray or re- 
present by carving. 

©1394 P. Pl. Crede 167 A curious cros craftly entayled. 
c1400 Rom. Rose 140 Wel entailled With many riche por- 
traitures, 148x Caxton Myrr. ut. xi. 158 In thyse grete 
colompnes or pylers .. were entaylled & grauen the vii scy- 
ences, 1483 — Gold. Leg. 355/3 They wold not entaylle ne 
kerue hit [an ydolle}. 1555 Kardle Facions u. i. 117 Plate 
.,curiously wrought and entallied. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. 
iii. 27 Golden bendes, which were entayld With curious an- 
tickes. 1637 J. ANcHORAN Porta Linguarum 183 A Carver 
or an image maker, graves, carves, and entailes a statue. 

_ absol. axgeo Chaucer's Dreme 1x Couth well entayle in 
imagery. : i 
b. transf. with reference to embroidery. 

cre Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 612 Tortors and trulofez entayled 

so 


e. In passive (cf. mould, carve, etc.) of a living 
body. 
r us Dovucias Pal. Hon. 1. xxxix, His bodie weill en- 
tailzeit euerie steid. 2 
To engrave in intaglio. rare as distinct sense. 
1538 Leann /tin. VII. 57 [Cornelines] and other a 
we in 


entaylid for Seales. 1577-87 Harrison England 
Holinshed xxiii. 128 Costlie stones alreadie intailed for 


seales. 

3. To cut into, make an incision in. 

1601 Hottanp Péiny (1634) II. asp lasted after the maner 
~ passe-floures .. but that they intailed or indented 

eeper, 

b. absol. 

1590 Srenser FQ. 1. vi. 29 The mortall steele despiteously 
entayld Deepe in their flesh. 

4. To cut notches in a ‘tally’; to keep an ac- 
ote ty Fey A’. Ord. 78 The yomen of the 

Liber Niger in Hi 
Bd oiveng ‘toeyiat with both buttiers of wyne & ale. 

Entail (entz‘1), v.2 Forms: a. 4-6 entaile, 5 
entayle, 7- entail. 8. 5-6 intaile, -yle, 7-8 in- 
tail. [f. En-1+AF, ¢az/é Tat a. or ¢aile sb., en- 
tail. In l Anglo-Lat. (16th c.) intallidre. See 
further under Tait a.] 

1. Law. trans. To convert (an estate) into a 
‘fee tail’ (/eudum talliatum); to settle (land, an 
estate, etc.) on a number of in succession, 
so that it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure by any 
one possessor. Const. ov, to, upon. 
ag Wreur Wks. (1880) 390 Tad ent R yeneys 

we. 1466 Mann, §& Househ, Exp. (1841) 341 che 
1498. Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 60 
tenementis whiche were intailed to 
him and to his A 1590 G Never too late 
= 55 What Lands to sel, how wy Boog either tied 

y Statute, or Intaild? 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. St. 1. 
xiv. 45 The old man being onely Tenant life, and the 
lands entaild on one you Mitton Hist. 

them on some 
should 


ng Gentleman. 
Eng. ye Wie. ae ae An old craft of the 
thir Church , by entailing 

1765 Acts Geo. ///, c. 26 Pream., [They convey, 
settle, intail the lands so to be Bynes 1824 Miss 
Mrrrorp Village Ser. 1. (1863) 87, house and park .. 
were entailed on a distant cousin, 1856 Emerson Eng. 
Traits, Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) II. 86 They cannot sell them 
{houses}, b the led. 


2. fransf, and fig. ‘To bestow or confer as if by 


entail ; to cause to descend to a series 
of possessors ; to pearenaghapiey 5. non pos- 
session. 


1509 Hawes Lxam. Virt. xii. ag0 The other gardyn is 


ENTAILABLE. 


celestyall .. And is entayled to vs in generall. 1513 More 
. V, 3 The Crowne of the Realme [was] entayled to 
the Duke of Yorke and his Heires. 1589 Pafge w. Hatchet 
B, Neuer entaile thy wit to the eldest. 1593 Suaks. 3 Hen. 
VI, 1. i. 194, I here entayle The Crowne to thee and to 
thine Heires for euer. 1630 Prynne God no [mipostor 2 
The benefits of the Gospell are intayled vpon them alone. 
1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. t. xii. (17 oie or then had the 
Pope the whole power herein intailed to his Triple Crown. 
1682 Burnet Rights Princes ii. 57 Bishops might have en- 
tailed their Sees to their Kinred or Friends. 1703 Pore 
Thebais 111 Thou Fury, then, some lasting curse entail. 
I Frecpinc Amelia u, iii, Can I bear to think of en- 
tailing beggary on the posterity of my Amelia? 1800 
Corqunoun Comm. Thames Pref. 7 Intails distress and 
obloquy on an innocent offspring. 1870 LoweL Stady 
Wind. 214 Luther .. entailed upon us the responsibility of 
private judgement. : 
+b. In occasional uses: To make (a person) 
their’ Zo a possession, condition, etc. ; to cause a 
person to become permanently (something). Ods. 
er gd Fetruam Resolves 1. xxxvi. 61 Either of these 
intaila mans mind to misery. a@1659 Osporn Characters, 
§c. (1673) 639 For he did undo By writing them, what Wit 
entayl’d thee to. 1683 Penn. Archives I. 79 Amount to soe 
vast a sume as will entail me yor Perpetuall Debtor. 

+8. To attach as an inseparable appendage 70, 
upon, an estate or inheritance ; hence gez. to ‘ tack 
on’, attach. Ods. 

1593 Nasue 4 Lett, Confut. 63 It hath pleased M. Printer 
-.to intaile a vaine title to my name. 1607 Heywoop Woman 
Kilde Wks. 1874 II. 94 All his mad trickes were to his land 
intailed, And you are heyre to all. ¢1645 Howe t Lett, 
(1650) II. 17 Upon the latter of which the Musulman empire 
is entayld. 1669 Bunyan Holy Citie 89 His Name was al- 
ways so entailed to that Doctrine. 1713 Deruam Phys. 
Theol. 1. 188 The allotment of Food is ., entailed to the 
very Constitution and Nature of Animals. 

4. To impose (inconvenience, expense, labour) 
upon a person, Chiefly said of circumstances or 
actions ; hence occas. of personal agents. 

1665 Boyte Occas. Reff. 1. xix. (1675) 281 Yet Custom has 
so Entail’d some ways of Expence upon some Stations in 
the World. 1771 Yunius Lett. xlii. 223 What an enormous 
expense is entailed .. nm this unhappy country. 1826 
Scotrr Province, Antig. Which shall, so long as the building 
stands, entail disgrace on all who have had to do with it. 
x Prescott Ferd. § Js. I. i.95 The long wars .. which 
a disputed succession entailed on the country. 1851 Grap- 
sTonE Glean. IV, Ixi. 42, 1. .shall not entail upon your Lord- 
ship the charge of handing to and fro replications and re- 
joinders. 1860 TyNDALL Géac. 1. § 16. 104 The great amount 
of labour which this [assistance] might entail upon him. 

5. Simply. To bring on by way of necessary 
consequence, Of premises: To involve logically, 
necessitate (a particular conclusion). 

1829 Soutuey Sir 7, More I. 267 A conquest which 
brought with it no evil and entailed no regret. 1839 E. D. 
Crarke Trav, 134/1 The scheme .. was found to entail 

eater evils than those he was labouring to put down. 1854 

'HACKERAY Newcomes I. 2 The weight of business which 
this present affliction entails. 1856 Dover Logic Chr. Faith 
Introd. 4 That failure would not entail the conclusion 
that, etc. 

Entailable (entzilib’l), 2. [f. Envar v.2 + 
-ABLE.] Capable of being bequeathed or trans- 
mitted by entail. 

1689 Consid. Succession & Alleg. 16 The Crown has..been 
declared entailable. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 627 [In Vir- 
ginia] Slaves as well as lands were entailable during the 
monarchy, 1807 Ann. Rev. V. 176 The entailable amount 
might be proportioned to the rank of peerage. 

Entailed (enté'ld). A/a. [f. as prec. +-ED1.] 
Of land, an inheritance, etc.; Transmitted by en- 
tail, Also fig. 

1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. 1, xxix. (1638) 52 The..recovery 
must be taken in this case .. as recoveries of other lands 
intailed bee. 1767 Mrs. S. Pennincron Lett. IV. 38 
To restore to his destitute family an entailed estate. 1790 
Burke Fr, Rev. Wks. V. 78 To claim and assert our 
liberties, as an entailed inheritance derived to us from our 
forefathers. 1818 Cruise Digest VI. 21 If B. claimed a 
share of the entailed lands. 1845 MeCuLtocn Taxation 1. 
iv. (1852) 125 Owners of entailed estates. 1860 Pusey Jin. 
Proph.14 Until the entailed curse be cut off by repentance. 

+ Entailer!. Ods. [f Enram v.l+-zr.] A 
carver, engraver. 

1570 Der Math. Pref., More then the common Sculptor, 
Entayler, Kerver, 16rx Corcr., Burineur, intayler, 

Entailer 2 (entéiloz). [f. Enram v.2+-:r.] 
One who entails an estate; one who executes an 
entail, 

1 Arnot Hist. Edin. iv. (1816) 128 The will of the 
entailer, 1815 Scorr Guy M. 1, We must .. serve him heir 
to his grandfather Lewis, the entailer. a@ 1868 BroucHam, 
The entailer cannot disappoint those children who have 
rights to a portion of his property. 

Entailing (enté'lin), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. + 
-Incl.] The action of the vb. Enratn. 

1 TARKEY England 1. iv. 113 For thys intaylyng.. 
Bi. th many richles heyrys. a pts CLARENDON Hot, Reb, 
xu. 707/2 The entailing upon Them and their Posterities, a 


proc War. 1818 Cruise Digest I. 305 A custom of en- 
tailing. 
Entai‘lment!. rave—. [f. Entam v1 + 


-MENT.] The action of ‘ cutting’ or excising. 

1822 Monthly Mag. LIII, 127 He seems to approve of 
Mr. Bowdler’s entailments, 

Entailment ? (enté!‘Imént). [f. Eyrarm v.2 + 
-MENT.] The action of entailing (property). 

a@ 1641 Br, Mountacu Acts § Mon. (1642) 19 By which new 


207 


way of entaylement..God..was..made his by peculiar Ap- 
propriation. 1832 Marryat NV. Forster xxv, Entailment of 
property..upon the male heir. 1875 T. Hitt 7+we Order 
Stud, 128 Laws of primogeniture, entailment of estates. 

+ Entain, v. Ods. In 4 enteyn. [alteration of 
ATTAIN, q.v.] ¢vans. To overtake, affect = ATTAIN 5. 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumbr. 2590 Sche is so mat sche may no3t 
go‘ so hunger hur hauep enteynte. 

+ Enta‘lent, v. Ods. rare. [a. OF. entalenter, 
f. en- (see En-1) + ¢alent (ad. L. alent-um a weight, 
that which makes the balance incline, hence) in- 
clination, desire.] ¢vans. To inspire with desire 
or passion; to excite. Hence Enta‘lented ///. a. 

¢1374 CHAUCER Boeth. v. v. 168 Al be it so bat pe qualites 
of bodies .. entalenten be instrumentes of be wittes. 1402 

Hoccreve Let. Cupide in Chaucer's Wks. (1532)373 Feruent 
wyl, and entalented corage. 1616 Buttoxar, Evfalented, 

Entally, obs. form of Entatn v.1 

+Evntally, adv. Obs. [f. med.L. ent- stem of 
ens (see ENS) + -AL+-LY2; after really, etc.] 

1691 Ep. Taytor Behmen’s Theos. Philos. 337 Yet are 
truely, and entally or really, but not essentially. 

+Enta'me, v.! Ods. Also 4 entamy, 5 en- 
teme. [a. Fr. extame-r=atamer: see ATTAME.] 

1. trans. To make a cut into, wound. Also fig. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12387 He..entamed 
bobe his bryn. ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 3699 Pe helm was so 
hard y-wro3t, bat he mi3t entamy him no3t, Wyp no dynt 
of swerde. 1393 Gower Conf I. 66 If thou thy con- 
science Entamed hast in such a wise. 241400 Morte Arth, 
1160 They fande no flesche entamede. 1480 Caxton Ovid's 
Met. xu. xii, Loves of bred hole & entamed. 1490 — 
Eneydos iv. 18 The whiche trees soo cutte and entamed. 

2. To make the first cut in. Hence fg. To open 
(a discussion, conversation, etc.). Cf. F. extamer. 

1475 Caxton ¥ason 90 She entemed and began to opene 
her mater in this wyse. 1483 — Gold. Leg. 110/3 Whyche 
of them bothe shold entame or bygynne to take of the breed. 
c1500 Melusine 299 He had not entamed nor shewed the 
matere to no man. 

Entame (entéim), v.2 [f. En-1+Tame.] a. 
trans. Totame; to subdue. +b. zt. To grow 
or become tame. Ods. 

1600 Suaks. A. Y. LZ. ut. v. 48 'Tis not .. your cheek of 
cream, That can entame my spirits to your worship. 1768 
J. Ross Ode on Loss of Friend, MS, Wks. 223 My trembling 
frame With some felt impulse shrinks, and all my pow’rs 
entame. 1855 SINGLETON Virgi/ I. 111 All are.. at much 
cost entamed. 

Entangle (ente'ng’l), v Also 6 entangel, 
6-8 intangle. [f. En-!+ TanGue sd. and v.] 

(The primary reference may have been to boats or oars 
caught in ‘tangle’ or sea-weed (this being the original sense 
of the sb.), but the wider sense appears in our earliest 
quots.) 

I. To catch or impede with a tangle. 

1. trans. To involve, impede, cause to stick fast 
in coils, network, or anything ‘tangled’ or inter- 
laced. Hence in wider sense: To involve in sur- 
roundings that impede movement, or from which 
extrication is difficult. 

a. 1555 Even Decades W. Ind.1. m.(Arb.) 77 Attemptinge 
to goo throwgh the grasse & herbes they were soo entangled 
& bewrapte therin. /ézd. (Arb.) 193 In them [the sandes] 
many shyppes are entangled. 1665 Maney Grotius’ Low- 
C. Warres 213 One of the greatest Ships .. entangled with 
another Ships Cables. r7xo J. CLarkE Kohault’s Nat. Phil. 
(1729) I. 115 All these Particles of Matter must be broken 
where-ever they are. .intangled with those that join to them. 
171x Appison Sect. No. 42 P1 Lest she should entangle her 

eet in her Petticoat. 1722 Sewet Hist. Quakers(1759) I. 
ur. 205 Being entangled in the ropes in lea: ing down, 1726 
‘THomson Winter 926 Entangled in the gathering ice. 1777 
Watson Philipf IT (1839) 203 If any of them should. . be en- 
tangled inthe mud. 1824 W. Irvine 7. 7rav. II. 236 A 
vessell entangled in the whirlpools. 1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. 
I. 229/1 Agaric and sponge entangled the blood and retained 
a coagulum on the spot. 

. 1570 Levins Manif, 128 Intangil, ‘/agueare. 1616 
Surrt, & Marku, Countr, Farme 317 Sheepe. .loosing some 
of their lockes of Wooll vpon the hedges .. poore Bees now 
and then become intangled therein. 

b. esp. To catch or hold fast in a snare or net ; 
to ensnare. Also fig. 

a. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 741 The Devill is wont with 
such witchcrafts, to wrap and entangle the myndes of men. 
165 Hopes Leviath. 1. 23 He will find himself entangled 
in words, as a bird in lime Pag 17x STEELE Sfect. No, 
ES ath The Snares in which France has entangled all her 

eighbours. 1773 Burke Sf. Relief Prot. Dissenters 
Wks, X. 33 Nets that entangle the r fluttering silken 
wings of a tender conscience. 1841 D’IsraeLt Amen. Lit, 
(1867) 592 Entangled in the meshes of political parties. 1870 
Bryant //iad I. 1. 40 Saturnian Jove hath in an evil net 
Entangled me most cruelly. 

1576 Fireminc Panoplie Ep. 287 hag intangle them- 
selves in the same webbes of woe. 161r Biste Mazt, xxii. 
15. 1692 E. Wacker tr. Epictetus’ Mor. xxv, Be not here 
intangled by The too great Lustre that beguiles your eye, 

ec. ¢ransf. To involve in intricate paths or 
among obstacles ; also fig. with reference to a meta- 
phorical ‘ maze’ or ‘ labyrinth’. 

1611 Biste £x, xiv. 3 They are intanaies in the land, the 
wildernesse hath shutthemin, a@ 1649 Drum. or Hawrn. 
Irene Wks. 173 That labyrinth wherein they are like to in- 
tangle and lose themselves. 1725 De For Voy. round World 
bo go Our Madagascar -— was..entangled among rocks 
and currents. 1790 Burke Fy. Rev. Wks. V. 58 Entangled 
in the mazes of metaphysic sophistry, 1823 Lams Elia 
Ser, 1. x. (1865) 83 You get entangled in another man’s mind, 


ENTANGLED. 


even as you lose yourself in another man’s grounds. 1850 
Prescott Peru II. 245 The Spanish commander became 
entangled in the defiles of the mountains. 

+d. intr, To become entangled. Obs. rare. 

1628 CowLey Piramus §& Thisbe iv, A Bird. . By struggling 
more entangles in the Gin, @1673 Horton in Spurgeon 
Treas. Dav. Ps. xciv. 19 Boughs usually catch, and intangle 
one in another. : 

2. fig. To involve in difficulties; to engage (a 
person) in undertakings, quarrels, etc., from which 
it is difficult to withdraw ; to embarrass, hamper ; 
to involve in mental difficulties, perplex, bewilder. 
Formerly also aéso/. + to cause entanglements. 

a. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 38 § 1 The vsurped power 
of the Byshoppe of Rome hath always entangled and 
troubled to the mere iurisdiction and regall power of this 
realme. 1555 EDEN Decades W’, Ind. 11. 1x. (Arb.) 132, I fynde 
my wytte more entangeled in the description hereof. 1606 
Suaks. Ant. & Cl. iv. xiv. 48 Yea, very force entangles It 
selfe with strength. 1683 Tempe JZem. Wks. 1731 I. 410 The 
others were entangled still in some Difficulty or other. 1798 
NE Son 25 Oct.in Nicolas Desf. (1845) III. 159 You will .. 
not entangle yourself by undertaking to embark the troops 
for France. 1833 Hr. Martineau Manch. Strike viii. 87 
Getting entangled in a complimentary speech. 1858 FroupE 
Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 52 The Pope..had endeavoured to 
entangle fis nephew in the conspiracy. 1871 TyNnpALt 
Fragm. Sc. 1. xviii. 462 He was long entangled in Electro- 
chemistry. 

» %§63-87 Foxe A. § M. III. 357 He might intangle 
himself, but should do his Brother no good. 1597 Danie 
Civ. Wares 1. \xxi, Intestine strife, of force, ‘The apt-divided 
State intangle would. 1699 Burnet 39 47‘. i. (1700) 20 This 
is rather a flight of Metaphisicks that intangles one, than 
a plain and full conviction. 1750 Jounson Rambler No, 
22 P 5 Intangled in consequences which she could not 
foresee, 

+b. To bind by embarrassing engagements /o 
another person. Ods. 

1620 Hore Subsec. 106 A Prodigall .. is so entangled 
to other men, that hee is neuer master of himselfe. 1632 
Litucow Trav. vii. 331 Not being intangled to wife and 
children, etc. 

ce. To involve (a person) in compromising rela- 
tions wzth another. Cf. 3. 

1888 F. Hume Mad. Midas 1.i, He became entangled with 
a lady whose looks were much better than her morals. 1888 
A. K. Green Behind Closed Doors iii, She could never have 
become entangled with him, 

+d. To encumber (land, an estate). Ods, 

1601-2 FuLBECKE 2nd Pt. Paral’. 63 The partie morgag- 
ing, incumbring, entangling, or aliening the land. 1616 Sir 
R. Duptey in Fortesc. Papers 16 My Estate in England is 
entangled, partly by a suite in the Chauncery. 

I. 3. To make tangled; to twist, interlace, 
or mix up in such a manner that a separation 
cannot easily be made. 

1555 Even Decades W, Ind. 1.1. (Arb.) 77 The sea was 
euery where entangeled with Ilandes, /é/d. 196 ‘The formes 
of their letters are muche more crooked and entangeled. 
1601 HoLianp Pliny I. 199 They have not so soone clasped 
and intangled it [the trunke] with their taile, but they set 
their venomous teeth in the Elephants eare. 1671 Mitton 
Samson 763 Entangl’d with a poisonous bosom snake. 1713 
Lond. & Country Brew. 1.(1742) 50 The spirituous Parts 
are more entangled, and kept from making their Escape. 
1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1, § 27. 212 The flakes were composed 
of these exquisite [snow] blossoms entangled together. 

b. fig. To render (a subject, etc.) complicated 
or intricate ; to complicate wth. 

1672 A. Marvett Reh, Transp. 1. 104 He had intangled 
the matter of Conscience with the Magistrates Power. 
1677 Govt. Venice 269 Your Scholars .. rather intangle and 
perplex Councils than clear them. 1695 Lp. Preston Boeth, 
vy. 212 The Question.. was intangled with many others. 
1768 STERNE Sent. Yourn. Mystery, Two other circum- 
stances which entangled this mystery. 1879 FroupE Czsar 
xxviii. 481 The story is entangled with legends. 

Entangled (ente'ng’ld), pf/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1,] In the senses of the vb.; a, Caught or held 
fast in anything tangled ; ensnared. b. Involved in 
difficulties; embarrassed, perplexed. ce. Of an 
estate: Encumbered (oés.). d. Interlaced; com- 
plicated, intricate. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst, 1. 30 Such as in Scripture 
are to our capacitie doubtfull and entangled. 1598 J 
Dickenson Greene in Conc. (1878) 134 Now wrought she 
on his intangled wits as on an anuill. 1653 Mitton Hire- 
dings Wks. (1851) 384 The obscure and intangl’d Wood 
of Antiquity. 1662 StiLtincFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. i. § 7 No- 
thing can bee a greater evidence of anintangled mind. 1670 
Marvett Let. Mayor of Hull Wks. I. 160 The discourses 
growing long and intangled, one of the members. .rose up. 
1680 Burnet Rochester 167 To recover an intangled Es- 
tate. 1735 SOMERVILLE Chase 1. 160 Seek’st thou for Hounds 
to.. brush th’ Entangled Covert? 1762 FaLconer Shipwr. 
u1. (1819) 47 All the entangled cords in order placed. 1768 
Brackstone Comm III. 329 Heaps of entangled convey- 
ances or wills of a various security: 1856 STANLEY Sizaz 
§ Pal. ii. 121 A somewhat entangled and delicate question. 
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 11. xx. (1875) 440 Each 
deposit must be differently distributed by the entangled 
currents, . 

Hence + Enta'ngledly adv., in an entangled man- 
ner. + Entangledness, the state of being en- 
tangled. 

161x CotGr., Perplexement, perplezedly, intricately, in- 
tangledly, troublesomely. 1687 H. More Contin. Remark. 
Stor, 428 It was usual-with these Goblins. .to wind all this 
Yarn on these old pieces of Lumber, so perplexedly and en- 
sagealy: 1611 Cotcr., Perplexité, intanglednesse. 1684 
T. Burnet 7h. Earth 1. 241 Much of that intangledness 
which we find now in astronomy, would be taken away. 


= ee 


ENTANGLEMENT. 


+ (enteng'lmént). Also 7-8 
in-. [f. ANGLE ¥. + -MENT.] 

1. The action of entangling; the fact or con- 
dition of being entangled, confused medley. 

1687 H. More Aff. Antid. (1712) 194 The intanglement 
af muliiferious Contendictiona ie the ion. 1 
Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) III. 80 The different webs 
offer to him for the entanglement of a haughty charmer, 
1835-6 Topp Cyc?, Anat. 1. 229/1 The entanglement of blood 
in the cellular coat of the vessel. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. 
viii, (1879) 160 Produced by the gl of the single 
threads. 1856 Kane Avct. Exfi. 1. iv. 42 Serious risks of en- 

gl g the broken ice-fields. 1860 TyNDALL G/ac. 
1. § 2. 2x Great was the entanglement of fissures. 1861 Tut- 
Locn Eng. Purit, i. 10g In all that concerns Cromwell the 
entanglement is extreme, 1871 Biackte Mour Phases i. 122 
He kept himself out of all political entanglement. 1875, 
Sruses Const, Hist. I, xiii. 638 Without entanglement of 
machinery or waste of power. 

b. An instance of entangle. ae ee 

a 1690 E. Hopkins in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. x1. 
the read tes and corenginnents of Providence shall be 
fully unfolded. 1836 J. Gitsert Chr. Atonem. viii. (1852) 
239 Thus entanglements arise not easy to be unraveled. 
1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 278 The first 
entanglements between Normandy and Anjou. ; 

2. A means of entangling; that by which a 
person or thing is entangled ; an embarrassment, 
a snare; a circumstance which complicates or 


confuses a matter. 

1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 475 These civile honors 
and employments are verie great entanglements to Christ’s 
ministers. 1644 Mitton Yudgm. Bucer Wks. 1738 1. 281 
The Roman Antichrists have knit many a pernicious entan- 
glement to distressed Consciences. 1691-8 Norris Pract. 
Disc. (1711) II. 17 A very great let and intanglement to 
him in his enquiry after Truth. 1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. 
s. v. Corn, Those salts..cut and remove the entanglements 
of the different buds which are contained in each seed. 
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 552 Pleasure is a sly 
enchantress .. we have need of all our eyes to keep clear 
of her entanglements. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 267 
These are a few of the entanglements which impede the 
natural course of human thought. 1878 SeeLey Stein III. 
357 Here was a new entanglement, the plot of a quite new 
historical drama. 

b. Naut. ‘A cable stretched athwart the mouth 
of a river or harbour, with stout spars of wood 
lashed to it, to prevent the entrance of an enemy’ 
(Adm. Smyth), 

1888 Darly News 20 July 6/1 The booms, or rather en- 
tanglements, which are to protect each of the entrances to 
our anchorage. 

Entangler (ente*ngla:). [f as prec. +-ER1.] 
He who, or that which, entangles or ensnares. 

Cia loa oes Dict., Maraviador, anintangler. 1719 

"Urrey Pil/s 111. 126 Upon the Exchange ’twixt Twelve 
and One, Meets many a neat entangler. a@ax18ax Keats 
Sleep & Poetry Poems 256 Silent entangler of a beauty’s 
tresses, 

Enta‘ngling, v//.5d. [f. ENTANGLE z. + -ING1.] 
The action of the verb ENTANGLE. 

1591 Percivatt Sf. Dict., Embarago, let, stop, entangling. 
ay Drumm. or Hawtu. /rexe Wks. 170 Anxious entan- 
gling and perplexing of consciences. S4 ICHARDSON Gran- 
dison, This entangling with all its painful ag = 

Entangling (entenglin), 4A/. a. [f. as prec. 
+ eg That entangles. 

a1628 Sir J. Beaumont Poems, Dial. betw. World, 
Pilgr., & Vertue, My paces with megs briers are 
bound. 1636 Destr. Troy 210 Then him..They seiz’d, and 
with intangling folds imbrac’d His neck. 1735 SoMERVILLE 
Chase 1. 42 Thick with entangling Grass, or prickly Furze. 
old Hervey Medit. (1818) 47 Escaped from an entan- 
gling wilderness. 1 Chr. World 12 June 433/1 En- 
tangling alliances with foreign nations are to be avoided. 

Hence Entanglingly, adv., in an entangling 
manner, 

1878 Scribn. Mag. XVI. 38/1 The rest of the road pre- 
sented. .deeper bogs, and more entanglingly strewn rocks, 

+ Enta‘ppesse. Obs. rare—'. [f. OF. entapiss- 
lengthened stem of entapir, f. en- (see EN-1) + 
oy gif to hide.] The action of seeking covert: said 
of a fox. 

(If the reading of the original ed. be correct the word must 
app. have been confused with Unrareze to break covert.) 

1719 D’Urrey Pills 11. 269 The Fox has broke Covert, 
let none lag behind, We've had an [ed. 1872 no] Entappesse, 
she runs up the Wind. 

+Enta‘pisse, v. Olds. rare—1. [a. OF. enta- 
pisser, f. en- (see EN- pref.) + tapisser, f. tapis 
carpet.] ¢vans. To carpet. 

1595 Loncr Vig for Momus Sat. v, An humble cote en- 
tapissed with mosse. 

|| Entasis (e'ntisis). [mod.L., a. Gr. &vraais, f. 
évra-, évreivey to strain. 

1. Arch. ‘A delicate and almost imperceptible 
swelling of the shaft of a column’ (Gwilt). 

1827 Gentil. Mag. XCVII. 11. 605 The very idea of an en- 
tasis in the columns. 18.. Nat. Encyct. I. 202 They 
diminish, with an im) ible entasis. 1866 Fevton Anc. 
4 Mod. Gr. I. viii. 144 The external lines of the columns 
are carved also, forming a hyperbolic entasis. 

+2. Pathol. ‘Old term for tonic spasm’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). 1753 in Cuampers Cyc?. Supp. 

Entask : see En- pref. 1 b. 

Entassment (entzsmént). [ad. F. enfasse- 
ment, f. en- (see En-!)+/as heap.] A heap, ac- 
cumulation. 1864 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 


208 


Entachch, entatch: see Enracu. 

+Entatic (ente'tik), 2 Med. Obs. Also 
erron. entastic. see f. évra-, évreiv- 
«v: see ENTASIS 2. or pertaining to entasis. 
< 7 i tee Med. 1. 265 The 

1822 J. M. e spasms were 
siete 5 Motast eee oe Wine =e 

igi RAIG, ic. in WessTeER; in 
later Dict, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lez., Entatic. t 

+ Emté, a. Her. Obs.—° [a. Fr. enté pa. pple. 
of enter to graft.] Said of an emblazonment in 
which one coat of arms is engrafted or impaled in 
another. 1736 in Baitey: and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Entech, -tecch, variants of Enracu, Oés. 

+ Ente‘chment. Obs. rare—'. [?f. enteche, 
ENTACH v.+-MENT; in Douglas perh. f. En-1+ 
TEACH + -MENT.] The action of teaching; a lesson. 

1513 Douctas 42neis x1. iv. 41 And rycht bene the 
first entechment [L. rudimenta] Of haisty batall to thame 
bene nocht acquent. 

Enteer‘e, obs. form of ENTIRE. 

Entelechy (enteléki). Philos. Also 7 en- 
telechie, entelech; 6 in Gr. form entelecheia ; 
7-9 in Lat. entelechia. [ad. Gr, évredéxea, f. év 
+7éAa, dat. of réA-os perfection + éx-«v to have.] 

1. In Aristotle's use; The realization or complete 
expression of some function; the condition in which 
a potentiality has become an actuality. 

1603 Florio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 304 Aristotle. .calleth 
(the soul] Entelechy, or perfection moving of itselfe. 1652 
J. Smitu Sed. Disc. x. 500 Wickedness is the form and en- 
telech of all the wicked spirits. 1655-60 STanLey Hist. 
Philos, (1701) 256/1 The Soul is the first Entelechy of a 
natural organical body, having life potentially. 1837 WHE- 
wet. Hist. /nduct. Sc. (1857) 1. 43 The Entelechy, or 
Act, of a moveable body. 1842 Sir W. Hamitton in Xeia’s 
Wks, 1, 202/2 note, Aristotle defines the soul, the Form or 
Entelechy of an organized body. 1850 Maurice Mor. § 
Met. Philos. (ed. 2) 194 Motion is the entelechy (the per- 
i | power or principle) of the potential as potential. 

2. In various applied senses (apparently due to 
misconceptions of Aristotle’s meaning): a. That 
which gives perfection to anything ; the informing 
spirit. b. The soul itself, as oo to the body. 

1603 Harsnet Pop. Jmpost. 5 When his Holiness the Kin 
of Spaine and Parsons theyr Entelechie were plotting beyon: 
the seas. a 1652 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. iv. 114 He seems to make 
it [the soul] nothing else. .but an entelechia or informative 
thing. 1652 Urqunarr Yeqwel Wks. (1834) 231 The purest 
parts of the separated entelechises [sf lessed saints. 
1659 SuirLey Honoria & Mam. 1. i, Soul .. that bright en- 
telecheia Which separates them from beasts. 

3. The name given by Leibnitz to the monads 
of his system. 

1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant v. 92 It is better to give the 
general name of monads or entelechies to those simple sub- 
stances that have only perception. 

|| Entellus (ente'l#s). [mod.L. app. from the 
proper name Entellus: see Virg. 2. V. 437-472. 

The name was first proposed by Dufresne, Budletin Soc. 
Philomath., 1797; but he does not explain the reason for his 
choice of it. Ci. other (past or present) specific names of 
Indian monkeys, Anchises, Priamus, Rhesus, Irus.] 

An East Indian species of monkey of the genus 
Semnopithecus (.S. evte//us). 

1843 Frvl. Asiat. Soc. Bengal X11. 169 It [the Semno- 
pithecus Johnii] is more suspicious and wary than the En- 
tellus. 1847 Carpenter Zool, § 151 The Entellus abounds 
over almost every part of India. 

Enteme, var. of ENTAME v.2 Ods. 

+Entemper, v. Os. Also 4 entempre, -i. 
[var. of ArremreER ; in AF. entemprer (Bozon).] 

1. trans. a. To temper, qualify by admixture ; to 
modify or moderate by blending with something 
of different or opposite quality. b. To modify the 
temperature of (e.g. water). 

c1290 Lives Saints (1887) 319 Euerech of peos foure ele- 
menz entempriez opur. /éid. Ake 3if pov nimst ri3t puyr 
hot watur and dost cold par-to Pov mi3t it makien euene 
wlach and entempri it so. c1g00 tr. Lanfranc’s Cirurgi¢e 
a: is pered & ystrengthyde. 

. To moderate, to restrain ; = ATTEMPER 4. 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 164 Entempre pou beter by tonge. 

Entempest: see En- pref. 2. 

Entemple (ente’mp’l), v. [f. Ex-1 + Tempre.] 
trans. To enclose as in a temple; to enshrine. 
Also fig. Hence Ente‘mpling vé/. sd. 

Dexker Grissil (1841) 14 What virtues were en- 
templed in her breast. 1685 H. 5 Phi Para, Prophet. 246 
There to be entempled in more illustrious Temples. /id. 
247 Theodosius .. allows the entempling of them with all 
Maguilicence, 1830 W. Putts A7/?, Sinai 1, 282 Natural 


effluence of spirit within Mystic pl L 
‘Serm. New Life 13 In that manner to receive and entemple 
the Infinite Spirit. 

Entempre, var. ATTEMPRE a. Ods., temperate. 

1297 R. Grove. (1724) 429 Entempre he was of mete, and 
drynke, and of slep also. 

‘Entencion, -sion, -tion, -tional: see Inr-. 

Entend, -ance, -ible, -ment: see INTEND. 

+ Entendant, z. Ols. Also 4-5 entend- 
aunt, [a. Fr. entendant, pr. pple. of entendre to 
hear, attend to.] a. Attentive (¢0). b. In attend- 
ance. =ATTENDANT @. 1 and 2. 

a. [1292 Britton 1. ii. §18 Et voloms ge nos viscountes 


ENTER. 


panied gp niet eutendensts © oee ae 
mentz.] cx340Cursor M.2542 jim entendaunt be. 
1387 Trevisa Higden ( ) III. 425 An et 


shel seek pe. 1389 Eng. Gilds 93 And if y* deen 
os . Gt 
ee for Eiemlannt hen for to q 


35 b/s The Kynge of Fraunce .. commaunded that al men 
sSelde, be as entendant to gage Leyr .. as it were unto 


+ Ente'nder, v. Ols. Also 7-8 intender. 
[f. Ex-1+Txwnper a.] trans. To make tender; to 
melt (the heart); to enervate; to weaken. 

1594 Soutnwett M. Magd. Fun. Teares 126 And my in- 
nocent blood [would] entender his adamant heart. 1618 
Bo.ton Florus m1. iii. 171 The daintinesse of the ayre and 

entendred their spirits. 1669 WoopHEap S¢. Tween L 
Pref. 14 All which do much serve fot intendring the heart. 
1742 YounG Nt. Th. 11. 525 Virtue alone entenders us for Life: 
I wrong her much—entenders us for ever. SMoLLETT 
Ct, Fathom (1813) 1. 34 Her heart was too much intendered 
payed wee me the forms of assault. 1765 Gotpsm. 
Ess.13A heart entender’d by the practice of virtue. 

Entent, etc.: see INTENT, etc. 

+ Evnter, 52. Ods. [f. the verb. 

(The form entre may in some instances belong to this 
word ; but the pl be distinguished from those 
in which it belongs to Entry.)] 

1, The action of entering; the power or right 
of entering ; a legal entry; concr. a means or way 
of entrance; a * 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas vin. xiii. (1554) 185 a, Gaue hym enter 
and i 1563 Br. Garpiner in Foxe A. §& M. 732 b, 
My fouther of S. Dauids, maie like a champion with his 
sword in his hand make enter for the rest. 1588 Suaxs. 
ze a L. v. i. 141 His enter and exit shall bee strangling a 

nake. 

2. [Confused with Fr. enter to graft. 

1693 Evetyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. 11. 105 Graffing 
and Enter, or Ingraffing, are Sinonimous Terms. 

Enter (ento1), v. Forms: 3-8 entre, (3 
entri, 4 entere, entur), 4-5 entree, entyr(e, 
4- enter. [a. Fr. entrer=Pr. entrar, intrar, Sp., 
Pg. entrar, It. entrare, intrare:—L. intrare, re- 
lated to infer between, zztrd inwards, intra within. 

The L. vb. was used both as trans., and as intr. with n= 
into; in Fr, the intr. use was alone adopted, and passed 
into Eng. The trans. senses g-15 are derived from the 
similar senses of enter into Gi) po with some influence 
from Lat.] 

I. To go or come in. 
* intr. (Often conjugated with de.) 

1. To go or come into a place, building, room, 
etc.; to pass within the boundaries of a country, 
region, portion of space, medium, etc. Also fig. 

a. Const. into, tin (= ‘into’), rarely + unto. 
Now largely superseded by the trans. use 10, but 
retained where the notion of penetration into the 
interior of a place is sought to be emphasized. 

c1300 XK. Adis. 4488 In a castel he ent thare. £1388 


E. E. Allit, P. A. 38, I entred in erber cr 
Cuaucer Miller’s T. 399 That ilke nyght, t we 
entred into schippes boord. ¢ 1400 Destr. rts? wd Honer- 
able Elan was entrid in pe tempull. c AUNDEY. Vv. 
83 ) 37 In his tyme, entred the gode Kyng Edward of 
ng! in Syrye. /did. At that Cytee entrethe the 

Ryvere of Nyle into the 1568 Grarron Chron. I. 
263 Syr for Gods sake enter againe into your Ship. 1703 
Mavunpre.t Yourn. Yerus. (1732) 5 We entred into a Woody 
Mountain. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre’s Stud. Nat. 
(1799) III. 339 Enter into it (harbour] then at this time .. 
while day-light remains. 1 Marryat J, Violet xxxv. 
2go We .. entered into a noble forest. 

Jig. ¢%384 Cuaucer H. Fame mi. 19 Now [O Apollo] 
entreth in my brest anoon. 1547 Homilies 1. Good Works 
(2859) 58 What man.. doth not see and lament to have 
ent into Christs religion such false doctrine. 1712 
Sreece Sfect. No, 284% 1 When this Humour enters into 
the Head of a Fe 1875 Jowerr Pilato (ed. 2) 111. 
450 A spirit of reverence enters into the young man’s soul. 

b. simply. To come into the place indicated by 
the context. Of an actor: To come upon the 
stage; in the stage-directions of plays used con- 
stantly in 3rd pers. imper. sing. and pl. Also fig. 

As to the ical character of ‘enter’ as a stage 
direction, cf, the Lat. directions in Cadisto §& Melibaa 1520, 
which has frequently ivfret, exeat, and t in Udall’s 
Roister Doister 1553, where exeat, exeant, cantent, etc. 
appear throughout ; also Bales’ A; Fohan : ‘ Here the 
ear delevyr the crowne to the _ ’, ‘Her go owt 
Sedwsion ’, ‘ comply Dy go out’, ‘Here cum Dyssimu- 
lacyon syngyng ny’, etc, 

@ 1300 Cou M, 8342 (Cott.) For-bi hir enterd bersabe. 
¢139x Cuaucer Astroé, u. § 12 The howr of Mercurie en- 
tryng vnder my west orisonte at eue. 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
De PR. xvuit. xx. (1495) The stocke of boxe.. hath noo 

where ayre m: entree. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 9107 
pan vnarmyt he pie 9 euyn te 

Cron, vit. xxxv. 75 Ramsay til ae in Fees gert 
hym entre. 1557 tr. More's Edw. V. (1641) 16 he is 
once entred, he creepeth forth so farre. x Suaxs. Mids. 
N. v. i. i 
through Ye ro 1594 House Eccl. Pol. ww. ie 83 - 
way made for or for extreme \ 

3 id... before Christ entred, 

Hort. (+729) 231 The 
Air .. entring by the eh ed on 1767 T. Hutcuinson 


his troops first through a p 


ENTER. 


@. with pleonastic 7 (adv.). Somewhat arch. 
or rhetorical. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 47 Pei entrede in at Temse moub. 
¢1325 Coerde L.75 And there we may, without dent, Enter 
in now, verament. ¢1425 WyNnTOUN Cron, 1. viii. 114 And 
entryde in wytht a menyhe. at More De guat. 
Noviss. Wks. 81/2 While he wer entring in at y® gate. 1847 
Tennyson Princ. vy. 472 Empanoplied and p d We 
entered in, 

2. Law. To make entry (into lands) as a formal 
assertion of ownership ; to take possession. Const. 
+ in, into, and simply. (For to enter upon see g a.) 

1523 Firzners. Surv. 12b, For and he do, the lorde may 
entre as in landes forfayte to hym. a 1619 DALton Country 
Fust. \xxxiii. (1630) 213 If after the death of the father a 
stranger. .entereth into his land by force. 1721 St. German's 
Doctor § Stud, 32 Though his successor have right to the 
lands, yet he may not enter. 1809 Tomtins Law Dict. s.v. 
Entry, This entry into lands is where a man enters into or 
takes possession of any lands, etc., in his proper person. 
1818 Cruise Digest II. 375 Upon the death of the testator- 
his sister entered and married. 

3. To penetrate into the substance of anything; 
to be plunged deeply. Const. zto; also s¢mply. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xxxiii. 28 a/t 
The grounde was soo softe and moryssh that they entred 
up to the xernes. 1539 Brace (Great) Ps. cv. 18 The iron 
entered into his soul. 1667 Mitton P. L. vi. 326 The sword 
Of Michael .. deep entring, shar’d All his right side. 

th. jig. (a.) To be absorbed (22 thought). 
(6.) In phrase, to enter far within (a person), i.e. 
to have great influence over (him). Oés. 

c1400 Destr. Troy pets Euermore ymaginand & entrond 
in thoghtes. x60r Hottanp Pliny xx. xiv, Vindex so far 
entred within him, as he obtained whatsoever he would at 
his hands. 

4. To become a member in a society, etc, Cf. 23. 

1389 Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Who pt entryth in be same ffra- 
ternite. 1674 Brevint Saul at Endor 266 By entring into 
a Confraternity. 1791 BoswELL Yohnson an. 1730 He fairly 
told Taylor that he could not .. suffer him to enter where 
he knew he could not have an able tutor. Mod. He en- 
tered at St. John’s College. : 

+5. To come or be brought into any state or 
condition (sometimes with additional notion of 
place) ; to fall into a disorder, etc. Const. 27/0, 
occas. 40, unto. Obs. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M, 23368 (Fairf.) Pa iois sere bat ihesus crist 
has di3t til his qua-sim mai entre in-to bat blis. i Wyctir 
Matt. xxv. 21 Entre thou into the ioye of thi lord. 148: 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 238/1 Alle they that so consented eateed 
in to frenesye and myght not be hool. 1535 CovERDALE 
Matt. xviii. 9 To entre in vnto life. 1568 Grarron Chron. 
II. 675 Determined to take part with king Edwarde, with 
whome..he in small space entred into great grace and high 
favour. 1657 W. Cotes Adam in Eden 155 Those that be 
entred into a Ptisick. 1710 STEELE Tatler No. 251 P6 He 
that has entred into Guilt has bid Adieu to Rest. 

6. To make a beginning, engage (in any action, 
course of conduct, discourse, etc.). a. Const. 772 
(arch.), z¢o, occas. + fo. 

ax4so Kut. de la Tour (1868) 8 To the entent that thei 
might praie and entre in orisones. 1552 Asp. HAMILTON 
Catech, (1884) 28 Afoir we enter to the special declaratioun 
of the x commandis. 1 Mortey /xtvod. Mus. Pref., 
There be many who will enter into the reading of my 
booke for their instruction. 16xx Brste Ps. cxliii. 2 Enter 
not into iudgement with thy seruant. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb, 1. (1843) 11/1 Though the War was entred in, all 
hope of obtaining money to out on was even desperate. 
1712 STEELE Sfect. No 426 P 1 He entered into the follow- 
ing Relation. 184: Brewster Mart. Sc. vi. (1856) 89 The 
commissioners entered into an active correspondence with 
Galileo. Mrs. Cartyte Left. II. 264 We entered 
into conversation without having been introduced. 1863 H. 
Cox Jnstit. 1. viii. 113 The returning officer has not .. any 
power of entering into a scrutiny of votes. 1879 MeCartuy 
Own Times 11. 24 Ireland would be entered in rebellion. 

+b. simply. Also of a period of time or state 
of bon of To begin. Ods. 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iii. 13 Began and 
entred with the matter that he came for. 1563 SHUTE 
Archit. D iija, To beginne with the Pedestal of Corinthia, 
ye shal enter thus, 1586 J. Hooker Giradd. /rel. in Ho- 
linshed 11. 149 There entred a verie fervent affection and 
good will between them. 1669 EveLyn Mem. (1857) II. 41 

mploring His blessing for the year entering. 1688 Penn, 
Archives 1. 107 The winter ..is now entred with some 
severity. 

7. intr. for refl. of branch II. (See 20c, 23¢.) 

8. To enter into (}+in): in various senses, in 
which the intrans. vb. does not occur simply. 

+a. To look at a particular place in (a mathe- 
matical table). Obs. So Fr. entrer dans. Cf. 16. 

¢1391 Cuaucer Astro/. 1. § 44 With so many entere into 
thy tabelis in be furst lyne. 

b. To take on oneself (an engagement, a rela- 
tion, the duties of an office, etc.). Sometimes 
in indirect passive. + To enter into religion: to 
embrace a monastic life. Cf. 14. 

c1250 Kent. Serm. in O. E. Misc. 35 We .. bieb i-entred 
in-to cristes seruise. c12go Lives Saints (1887) 125 For-to 
entri into Answere: pare he ne ou3te nou3t todo. ¢1380 
Wycur Sed, Wks. 111. 349 Who is beterid by entryng into 
- ordris. ¢1386 Cuaucer Merch, T. 312 Auyseth yow .. 

ow that ye entren in to uaatinge. 1207 Hooker Eccl, Pol, 
v. lxi. § 2 Such kind of baptism men afterwards from 
entering into holy orders. a@163r Donne Paradoxes (1652) 
28 The Allegoricall death of entring into Religion. 1647 

May Hist. Pari. 1. v.92 That they all entered into Pay. 1711 

STEELE Sfect. No. 79 ¥ 3, I have a mind to put off entering 
into Apirimony till another Winter is over my Head. 1796 

oL, . ‘ 


209 


Pecce Anonym. (1809) 388 Our great man was entered in 
Religion, as they called it. 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. 
I. 1. ni. 140 Trade .. does not care for the religious tenets 
of those who offer to enter into relations with it. 

ce. To become a party to; to bind oneself by 
(a league, treaty, etc.) ; to append one’s name to 
(a bond). See also RECOGNIZANCE, SECURITY. 
_ 1535 CoveRDALE 2 Kings xxiii. 3 And all the people entred 
in to (Wycuir : assentyde to] the couenaunt. 1590 Suaks. 
Com. Err. w. iv. 128 Master, I am heere entred in bond for 
you. 1593 — Rich. //, v.ii.65 "Tis nothing but some bond, 
that he is enter’d into. 1637 Decree Star Chamb. § 16 in 
Milton Aveof, (Arb.) 16 The like Bond shall be entred into 
by all. xgxz Appison Sfect. No. 69 Px A Subject of the 
Great Mogul entering into a League with one of the Czar 
of Moscovy. 1767 T. Hotcuinson Hist. Prov. Mass. ii. 
201 They entred anew into articles of submission. 1802 
Mar. Epcewortu Mor, T. (1816) I. 220 The agreement, into 
which he had entered. 1886 Manch. Exam. 2 Jan. 5/3 He 
refused to enter into a treaty with the Indian Government. 


d. To engage in the consideration of (a subject). 
1553 Even 7reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 9 To entre into an- 

other matter. 1 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 112 
The second of these must by insinuation be entred into. 
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. § 9 If we should 
enter into their Theology, and the History of that. 711 
STEELE Sfect. No. 95 P 3, I.. should be obliged to you if 
you would enter into the Matter more deeply. 1839 G. Birp 
Nat. Philos. Introd. 34 To enter into these speculations 
would however be useless and unprofitable. 1869 J. Mar- 
TINEAU £ss. II. 45 Into its physiology we do not propose to 
enter. 

+e. To take part in, intermeddle with. Ods. 

1710 STEELE 7 atler No. 176 P 2 Our Affections must never 
enter into our Business. a1714 Burnet Own Time U1. 207 
Other princes would not .. enter into the laws and esta- 
blishment settled among us. 

f. To take an interest in; to take an intelligent 
interest in, understand, sympathize with. 

1797 Gopwin Exgutrer 1. vi. 43 It is by comparison only 
that we can enter into the philosophy of language. 1833 
B’ness Bunsen in Hare Life I. ix. 404 Entering into every- 
thing and enjoying everything like a child. 185r HeEtps 
Friends in C. II. 11, I should enter into his feelings rather 
than into those of the ordinary spectator. 1885 Sir J. 
Hannen in Law Rep. Prob. Div. X. 89 She entered into all 
the arrangements .. in a methodical and rational manner. 

g. To form part of ; to be a constituent element 
in. So also with adv., Zo enter in. 

1715 Desacuuiers Fires Jinpr. 152 Lapis Calaminaris, 
which enters into the Composition of the Brass. 1793 
Smeaton Edystone L.§ 193 The quantity and species of 
sabulous matter that entered into the texture of the lime- 
stone. 1 H, Honter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 
I. 567 These universal correspondencies .. enter into all the 
plans of Nature. 1811 PinkerToN Petyad. I. 231 Where no 
secondary stone enters in its composition, I do not see why, 
etc. 1879 HuxLey Hume 74 Those compound states of 
consciousness, which so largely enter into our ordinary 
trains of thought. 1888 Sfectator 30 June 884/1 Other 
considerations, some of them trifling enough, enter in. 

h. In Bible phrase, Zo enter into (another’s) 
fabours (lit. from the Gr. and the Vulg.): to reap 
the benefits of what has been done by another. 

1382 Wyciir Yohkx iv. 38 Othere men traueliden, and 3e 
entriden in to her trauelis. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 
1531) 11 They laboured .. the vynyarde .. & we haue entred 
into theyr labours, takynge the fruyte of the same. 

9. To enter on, upon: 

a. Law. (Cf. 2.) To make an entry into (land) 
as an assertion of ownership ; to assume posses- 
sion of (property); to dispossess (a holder of 
property). 

1467 Bury Wills (1850) 47, I will that myn feffeis and myn 
executo's entre eee ym and put hym owth. 1655-60 
Stantey Hist, Philos. (1701) 23/2 It shall not be lawful for 
any Woman to enter upon the goods of the dead. 1712 
STEELE Sect. No. 263 » 6, I shall immediately enter upon 
your Estate for the Arrear due to me. 1809 BawDWEN 
Domesday Bk. 599 Ausfrid, the Priest, entered forcibly 
upon this land af Ralph's. 1818 Cruise Digest III. 319 
He will not distrain or enter on the premises conveyed for 
the recovery of his rent charge. 

b. To make an entrance on; to take the first 
steps upon (a path, a tract travelled over). 

¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 59 And forpward faste on hure way 
pey wente, and entrede on pe brigge. 1659 Hammonp Ox 
Ps. ci, 8 The season wherein David, as a Judge, entring on 
the Tribunal, etc. 1826 Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) [1.96 He 
is saved from entering on a scene of infinite corruptions. 
1860 TYNDALL G/ac. 1. § 12.88 My guide and myself entered 
upon this portion of the glacier. 

ec. fig. To take the first steps in ; to do the first 
part of; to begin, take in hand, engage in (a 
process, enterprise), Cf. Fr. + entrer sur (Littré). 
Also, to begin (a period of time). 

1618 Botton Florus 1. i. 3 Which of them should first enter 
upon the government and Rule. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 

ed., I after was entred on a Resolution to dedicate it to 
his Memory. 1672-5 Comber, Comp. Temple (1702) 89 By 
his or oe entring on a treaty. a | Appison /taly 
Pref., For before I enter’d on my Voyage took care, etc. 
1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. xvi. 274, I was now entered 
on the seven-and-twentieth year of my captivity. 1 
SranLey Arnold II. x. 288 He entered on his Professori 
duties. 1883 Gitmour Mongols xvii. 206 To enter upona 
contest with evil. 

+d. To begin an attack upon. Oés. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xliii. (heading), How Nysus and 
Eryalus made theym redy to entre vpon the hoost of Turnus. 
1607 TorsELL Four. Beasts (1673) 540 The Beare dareth 
not to enter upon the wilde Boar, except behinde him. 

e. To begin to deal with (a subject). 


ENTER. 


1632 Star Chamb. Cases (1886) 124 Then the Kinges 
Councell entred upon their proofes, x SELDEN Laws 
=~ 1, vi. (1 39) 14 Thus entred the Prelates upon affairs 
of Kings and Kingdoms. 1712 Appison Sfect, No. 339 ? 5 
The Day is not too far spent for him to enter upon such a 
Subject. 1727 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 295 This day the 

mmittee ., entered on the Church’s grievances. "1796 
Jane Austen Pride § Prej. v. 191 Her fear, if she once 
entered on the subject. 

* * trans. (formerly sometimes conjugated with 
be.) 

10. To go or come into (a closed space, e.g. a 
house) ; to go within the bounds of (a country, etc.) ; 
to go within (a gate); to step upon (a path, a 
bridge) ; to go on board (a ship). Cf. ra. 

1340 Hampo.e Pr. Cousc. 402 Yhe sal noght entre, be na 
way Hevenryke that sal last ay. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 13880 
No buerne was so bold be brigge for to entre. c 1400 
Maunpev. xiii. (1839) 144 He most entre the See, at Gene. 
I Fisner Fun. Serm. Ctess Richmond Wks. 302 He 
hathe entred the heuen, to appere before the vysage of his 
fader for vs. 1576 FLeminc Panoplie Ep. 171 Who being 
discomfited with the storms and tempestes thereof, never 
enter shippe. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 165 The which 
with great courage entered Wales. rg92 SHaks. Rom. & 
Ful, u1.i.7 One..that when he enters the confines of a 
Tauerne, claps me his Sword vpon the Table. 1711 STEELE 
Sect. No. 178 p2 He.. returns as if he were entring a 
Gaol. 1737 Wuiston Josephus’ Hist. w. iv. § 7 They 
soon came to know who they were .. that were entered the 
city. 1-9 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 165 The gate 
which thou enterest. 180x Soutury 7/alaba i. i, Some 
traveller, who shall enter Our tent, may read it. 1840 
Dickens Barn, Rudge i, Who was the young lady that I 
saw entering a carriage? 1876 GREEN Short Hist. i. 18 The 
band of monks entered Canterbury bearing before them a 
silver cross. 

Jig. ¢1380 Wyciir Last Age Church (1840) p. xxv, Pis 
was be firste tribulacioun er ontrede be Chirche of God. 
1644 Mitton Arveof. (Arb.) 71 Entring the glorious waies 
of Truth. 1843 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. I. 201 It never enters 
his head to lie under the walnut-tree here. 1862 T'ror- 
Lope Orley F. xv, 121 The idea that Lady Mason was guilty 
had never entered her head. 

+b. To take possession of (the throne the 
crown). Cf. ga. Oés. 

1563 Foxe Life in Latimer’s Serm. § Rem. (1845) Introd. 
2o Till the time that blessed King Edward entered his 
crown, 1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. xxii. (1739) 102 Henry 
the Fourth entred the Throne by his Sword. 

e. To take up one’s abode in. Chiefly with 
mixed notion of 12, as ¢o enter a monastery, the 
cloister (= to become a monk or nun), /o enter 
a college, etc. 

1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. 1. ii, 182 This day my sister 
should the Cloyster enter. 

d. To force an entrance into; to break into 
(a house, etc.) ; + to board (a ship). 

1586 J. Hooker Giradd. Irel. in Holinshed 11. 49/1 His 
lodging. .was entred with fire. 1627 Carr. SmitH Seaman’s 
Gram. xii. 57 There is more men lost in entering, if the 
chase stand to her defence. 1726 SHELVocKE Voy. round 
World vi. (1757) 202 And seeing their forecastle full of men, 
. I concluded they had come to a resolution of entering us. 
1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius Il. 777 Judgment was 
arrested in trespass for breaking and entering a free fishery. 

ll. To make a way into or pass between the 
parts of anything ; to pierce; to penetrate. Cf. 3. 

ei, ogee Hen, VIII, i. iv. 182 This respite .. enter’d 
me; Yea, with a spitting power. 
+b. Of the agent: To pierce, make a hole into. 
Also fig. to ‘ get an idea into’ (a person). Oés. 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 154 Entring the Post first 
with an Augure. @ 1718 Penn 7vacts Wks. 1726 I. 526, I 
almost despair of entering some of our Adversaries. 

+c. Of male animals: To copulate with. Ods. 

1607 ToprseLt Four Beasts (1673) 18 A Mare which a 
Horse hath formerly entred. /dz¢., A female asse which 
hath been entered by a male asse. 

12. To become a member of (a society or organ- 
ized body). So to enter the army, the church, a 


university, ete. Cf. 4. 

Mod. He entered the army at nineteen, A lad of seven- 
teen is too young to enter a university. 

+13. To take the first steps in (an action or 
work); to begin. Often with 047. zzf. Obs. Cf. 6. 

c 1818 Cocke Lorell’s B. (1843) 12 Some to howse the tope 
sayle ke de entre. 1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. 
iv. 17 To begynne and enter his prechyng. 1563-87 Foxr 
A. & M. (1596) 77/t Constantinus .. entred his journie, 
comming towards Italie. 1576 FLeminc Panoplie Ep. 49 
The souldiers..having no stomache to enter conflict and 
skyrmishe, betooke them to flight. 1594 Nasne Terrors 
Night Gb, Which before I enter to describe, thus much 
I will informe ye. 1642 Rocers Naaman 256 A worke well 
entred, is truly said to be halfe done. 1703 Moxon Mech. 
Exerc. 29 Made, or, at least, entred at the Forge .. yet 
sometimes Smiths do it on cold Iron. 

b. To begin (a period of time). ' 

a 1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 75 Kings..in entring their 
rei 80x StruTT Sforts §& Past. 1. i. 13 note, Her 
majesty had just entered the seventy-seventh year of her age. 

+14. To come, or be brought, into a certain 
state; to take upon oneself (a condition, office, 
or relation of any kind) ; to embrace (a profes- 
sion). Ods. exc.in phrase 70 enter religion (cf. 8b). 

1563 Homilies u. Resurr. Christ (1859) 430 Then are they 
in very evill case .. that be entred their sleepe in Christ. 
1576 Fteminc Panoplie Ep. 282 Over hastie bee they to 
enter wedlocke. /éid. 342 If you doe enter acquaint- 
ance and familiaritie with him. 15390 Greene Or/. Fur. 
(1861) 91 Would these princes. .enter arms as did the Greeks 


27 


against Troy. Edw. 111, 1. ii, We with England will 
not enter er SpeeD Then, Gt, Brit. xvii. (1614) 
33/2 Sigebert -. entered the profession of a monke. /did. 


(see 8 c). Obs. 

—* Wills (1850) 224 Soe that within a moneth after 
my death she enter bond to my trustees of my estate, Jbid., 
If'she shall refuse to enter such bond. ¢ 

16. To turn to a particular place in (a mathe- 
matical table). Still in nautical use. Cf. 8a. 

1593 FaLe Dialling 11/2 With this quocient Sine I enter 
the Pable. 1644 Nye Gunnery (1670) 60, I enter the Table 
under the Title inches. 1840 Rarer Navigation 80 Enter 
Table 5 with the first number of points at the top, and the 
second number of points at the side. 


II. To cause to enter. 
17. trans. To put or bring (a person) into some- 
thing : esp. to take or put (men) on board a vessel. 


arch, 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. cxx. 143 They decked thre 
shyppes, and entred into theyma certayne. 1588 R. Parke 
tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 387 Whereby to enter the lawe of 
the Gospel into the mightie kingdome of China, 1607 Dex- 
Ker Northw. Hoe ut. 1, Wks. 1873 III. 36 But come enter 
him [7.e. ‘show in’ a visitor]. 16rr CHapMaN /iiad m1. 
Comm. (1857) 8x And thus to the last twelve books .. with 
those free feet that entered me, I haste. 1674 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 870/4 Laying him on board on the Bow..{he] entered 
his Men, and made him surrender. 1720 De For Caft. 
Singleton xi. (1840) 193 The boat..was to enter her men in 
the waste. 1845 Hamitton Pof. Educ. vii. (ed. 2) 146 Each 
citizen has a legal right to enter his children [in the primary 
schools]. 1847-8 H. Miter First /imfpr. viii. (1857) 124 He 
would, he said, fairly enter me on the grounds, and intro- 
duce me, : - 

+b. fig. To admit into a society, etc.; to in- 
troduce into a condition or state. Const. zs/o, 


rarely 77. Obs. 

1594 Hooker Ecc/, Pol. t.i. (1611) 83 Entered wee are not 
into the visible Church, before our admittance by the doore 
of baptisme. 1606 SHaks. Ant. §& Cl. 1v. xiv. 113 This 
sword but shewne to Cesar with this tydings, Shall enter 
me with him. a@ 1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 8 This bless- 
ing entreth them into assured possession. 1658 Whole Duty 
Man i. § 31 (1684) 23 Baptism..enters us into covenant with 


God. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. i. 4 He would..en- | 


deavour to enter me fairly into the station of life which, etc. 
1723 Brackatt Wes. 1. 184 By which ee gaa we are 
entred and initiated into the Christian Church. 

+c. with complement. Odés. 

1607 Suaks. Cor. 1. ii. 103 His Pupill age Man-entred 
thus, he waxed like a Sea. 1631 Massincer Believe as You 
List1, i, With this charitie 1 enter thee a begger. 

+18. To introduce (to the knowledge of any- 


thing) by instruction ; to give (a person) initiatory 


information or instruction 27; to instruct initially; | 


to initiate. Ods. or arch. 

1540 Hyrpe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) Ciij, The 
precepts of wise men, which she had been entred in. 1548 
Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Pref. 13 b, Sounde meate for such 
as are welentred. 1607 Suaks, Cor. 1. ii. 2 They of Rome 
are entred in our Counsailes. 1674 Prayrorp Shil/ Mus. 
1. ii. 41 So that he be already entred upon the Theorie 
of Musick. @1714 ELtwoov Autobiog. 202 He asked me 
..If I would enter his Children in the Rudiments of the 
Latin Tongue. 1732 Berketey Adcipfhr. u. § 4 Cleophon 
..entered him [his son] betimes in the principles of his sect. 
1864 Burton Scot Aér. 1. iv, 229 You are entered in all the 
secrets of his workshop. ; 

To exercise initially; to train; to fly (a 
hawk) for the first time; to break in (a horse). 
Also, ¢o enter a dog at or to: to put him (while 


yet untrained) on the scent of. 

1481-90 Howard Househ, Bhs. (1844) 508 A kest of hakys, 
when he went to enter them to the rever. -¢ 1575 Per- 
Sect Bk. Sparhawkes (ed. Hasting 1886) 17 Enter her in 
this order folowinge. 1598 FLorio, Accarnare, to flesh, to 
enteradog. 1 Perrys Diary, 21 Dec., Not daring yet to 
use the others [horses] too much, but only to enter them. 
a 1670 Hacket Adp, Williams u. 143 (D.) Like hounds 
ready to be entred. 7” Brapiey Fam. Dict. s.v. Enter- 

ai 


ing of Hounds, The re is esteemed the best Game to 
enter your Houndsat, 1875 ‘StoneHENGE’ Brit, Sports 124 
The young hounds shoul entered to fox, 188x Micuett 


Hawking in Macm. Mag. XLV. 39 It remains only to 
break him to the lure, and to ‘enter’ him, each of which 


pr 1s soon Pp a F . 
19. To put (something) z#/o (another thing) : 
to put in, insert, introduce. Now chiefly ¢echn. 
[So Fr. entrer (Littré), though the use is not re- 
cognized by the Academy. 

ng ag ete Bruce 1. 623 This lettir sall I entyr heyr. 
1647 H. More Song of Sou u. u. 11, i, He much perplexed 
is.. Where to make choice to enter his rugg’d saw. 1691 Ray 
N. C. Words 31 Gavelock..an Iron Bar to enter stakes into 
the nd. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 122 Enter the edge of 
the Draw-knife into the Work. 1787 Best Angling (ed. 2) 

You must enter the hook at the tail of the worm, 1 

. Beresrorp Miseries Hum, Life (1826) x. xcv, Entering 
your watch at the wrong opening, when it instantly dives to 
your knee, r830 Gx. P Teoeraom Exerc. (1842) I. 244 It 
is therefore politic to enter the wedge by thisend. x 
F. Grirrirus Artil. Man. (1862) 208, 5..enters shot or shell, 
and rams home. c¢ 1860 H. Sruarr Seamen's Catech. 11 
The ball will be entered the largest end downward. | 
Busunewt Vicar. Sacr. i. (1866) 4 A special care is need 
lest we enter something into the meaning from ourselves, 

+b. Zo enter foot: to begin. 

same sense. Obs, 


Also ref. in | 


210 


3618 Cuarman Hesiod 1. 141 When first thou enter’st foot 
reLpince ¥. Andrews 1. x, He 
ion on the numberless 


beauty. 
ec. In on. To place a man again on 
the board after it has been taken up, and unable 
to come in again because the point indicated by 
the throw is already full. 
26° Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Backg om 143. 
20. To put (a name) into a list in writing, (a 
fact or particular) into a description or record; to 
write down (on paper, a tablet, etc.). Const. 2, 
into, on, and simply. Zo enter (money, goods, 
etc.) 40, against; to put down to a person’s account. 
1362 Lancu. P. Pi. A. xt. 253, I was markid, withoute 
mercy and myn name entrid In pe legende of lif longe er I 
were. c1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 44 Consider thy rote 
furst..& entere hit in-to thy slate for the laste merydye of 
December. ¢ 1400 MaunDeEV. xxii. (1839) 238 Thei [alle the 
Mynstrelle) ben. .entred in his Bokes, as for his owne men. 
1523 FitzHers. Surv. 20 To entre their copyes truely in the 
lordes courte roll. 1576 Freminc Panoplie Ep. 196 Such 
discourses, as you have already with painefull pen entered 
into paper. 1668 Hate in Kolle’s Abridgm. Pref. 8 Let 
him enter the Abstract. .into his Common-place- Book. 1727 
A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. 1. C viij, The Publisher... 
has duly entred this Book in the Register of Stationers-hall, 
London. 1783 Burke Report Affairs India Wks. X1. 136 
He did not..think it proper to enter his answer on the 
records. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7. (1816) I. xix. 
154 If you received the note from us. .it must be entered in 
our books. 1812 Examiner 28 Sept. 624/1 They. .determined 
toenter goods to people who never had any dealings. 1828 
Scorr F. M. Perth ix, And not entered against him at the 
long and dire day of accounting. 1844 Lincarp Axglo- 


| Sax. Ch. (1858) I. App. 361 Parish Churches are entered in 


| entered in due form, we began trading. 


the ancient record of Domesday. 


b. To hand in at the Custom House a statement | 
of the amount and value of (goods exported or | 


imported). Also, to register (a vessel) as arriving 
in or leaving a port. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. A ij b, Such as.. like Mer- 
chants with their goods, enter them, before they ship them, 
1840 R. Dana Bef. Mast xiii. 28 The cargo having been 
1845 M«CuLtocu 
Taxation 11. x.(1852) 342 The teas entered for consumption. 
Mod. Newspaper (Heading of paragraphs), Vessels entered 
inwards. Vessels entered outwards. 

ec. To insert by name on the list of competitors 
(in a race, athletic contest, etc.). Also zutr. for reft. 

1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1938/4 The first Horses to be shown 
and entred there a week before for this year. 1702 /édid. 
No. 3832/4 The Horses to be enter’d..14 days before. Mod. 
Please enter me for the Sack Race and Hurdles. Have 
you entered for the Quarter-mile ? 

21. Zo enter up: a. To enter in regular form 
(a series of items); to complete the series of 
entries in (a book) to a certain date. 

Mod. (Comm.) Have you entered up your payments? The 
cash-book had not been properly entered * 

b. Law. To cause (a verdict, judgement, etc.) 
to be written down in the records of a court. 

a 1734 Nortu Exam. 1. ii. § 48 (1740) 54 Corruptions by 
the Way, use not to be entered up upon Record. 1 
Poste Gaius m1. (ed. 2) 414 A judge’s order authorizing the 
plaintiff to enter up judgment and issue execution. 

2. a. Law. To enter an action, caveat, writ, 
etc.; to bring it before the court in due form, 
usually in writing. b. Zo enter a protest: pri- 
marily of the minority in a deliberative body, - 
the House of Lords, to record a protest on the 
journals or minutes; hence ge. to protest. So 
also, to enter a caution, protestation, etc. 

a. 1579 Futke Heskins’ Parl. 129 Chrysostome may enter 
action against him of slaunder and defamation, 1 HAKS. 
2 Hen. /V,u. i. 2 Mr. Fang, haue you entred the Action ? 
1884 Law Ref. Prob. Div. IX. 23 The defendant. .entereda 
caveat. 

b. 1679 Drypen 7%. §& Cress. Ep. Ded., Whatever Pro- 
testation you might enter to the contrary. 1699 BenTLEY 
Phal, 139, I enter’'d no caution about it to the Reader. 
1728 in Picton L'pool Munic, Rec. (1886) 11. 86 A motion. . 
made for entring a protest against the above order. x82 
Q. Caroune Remonstr. Geo, 1V,17 July, The Queen feels 
it to be her bounden duty to enter her most deliberate and 
solemn protest against the said determination. 1884 Pren- 
nincton Wiciif ix. - He d his decided p 
a the system of the Schoolmen. 

. From sense 20, with mixed notion of 17b; 
a. To admit as a pupil, or member of a society ; 
to engage (a servant, workman, etc.). b. To pro- 
cure admission for (a person) as such. ¢. vefl. 
and zntr. for ref. Const. among, in, into, of. 

@. 165: Baxter /nf ae, 23 They that are entered under 
him as their Master. Sriuncri. Orig. Sacr. un, ii. § 5 
And if the Lew. were chosen out of the Souldiers, he was 
eee} entred among the Priests. 1691 Woop A #h. Oxon. 

II. 358 In the year 1655 making a return to the University, 
he was entred into Ch. 1748 Anson Voy. m1. viii. 370 
He had entered twenty-three men during his stay at Macao. 
1793, SMEATON Edystone L. § bn. 3 I immediately entered 
another able seaman, which..made the number six, did, 
§ 130, I likewise entered three masons and nine tinners. .to 
take the first turn or week. 

b. 1670 Watton Lives rv, 266 Having entred Edward into 
Queens Colledge. 1675 Art Contentm. 1x. § 11.227 He was 
never enter’d in those academies of eee 1712 BUDGELL 
Spect. No. 307 ® 12 He was entered in a College of Jesuits. 
1722 De For Col. Yack (1840) 224 . Officers. .ente! 
me into the army. 179r Boswett Yohnson an. 1730 Taylor 
was entered of that college. 


ENTER. 
ec Locke Toleration Wks. 1727 I. iii. 324 They 
are free ie miko exter themesives of the GENE 
Q Leet Ste Bo, 38 4 All others that enter to pay 
ive Guineas. 1725 ‘ob Voy. round World (2840 7 
The people who were to take service with us, and 
enter eee eee ©. Fuses & Skirl. 
I. 6 He therefore entered as aclerk toa ‘itor. 


+ Evnter, fre. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Fr. entre:—L. 
inter.] Between. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Hush. ut. 455 Northwarde of fervent 
seapete « outiewende of exlda, Atalanta both of bili anal 


Enter, obs. var. Entree, and Inter, to bury. 

Enter-, entre-, prefix, a. Fr. entre-:—L. inter 
(see InrER-), with senses ‘ between’, ‘among’, 
‘mutually’. Occurring first in words a. Fr., as 
ENTERFEAT, ENTERMISE, , ENTERTAIN ; 
also as an early variant of zfer- in words ad. Lat. 


In 14-17th c. it was often prefixed to Eng. words, 


many ef the compounds so formed being imita- 
tions of synonymous com sin Fr, Since 
the middle of Tyth c. this — ceased to be 
employed in the formation of new words; the 
compounds (of Eng. origin) in which it oceurs are 
either obs. or have been refashioned with znter-. 
The more important compounds of ever- will be 
found in their alphabetical place; the following 
are nonce-words or of rare occurrence : 
Enter-a‘dvertise v. (Fr. s’entre-avertir), refs 
to inform each other; enterbathe v. [cf. Fr. 
s‘entrebaigner), refl., to bathe each other; enter- 
bear. [tr. Fr. s*entreporter], ? to pan | mutually; 
enterbra‘ce v., to embrace mutually; enter- 
brai-d v., to intertwine ; enterbre‘ak v. [cf. OF. 
entrerompre], trans., to break between, make 
a break in; enterbre‘ath, breathing between ;~ 


| time for taking breath; enterca‘ll v. ¢rans., to 
| call mutually; enterca‘pering v//. sd., inter- 


mingled capering, intricate movement ; enterca:r- 
riage, carriage to and fro between two places; 
enterengender v. /rans., to produce (each other) 
reciprocally ; entergla‘ncing vé/. sb., interchange 
of glances; entergra’ve v. ¢rams., to engrave 
between; hence entergra‘ving vd/. sb.; enter- 
hinder v. frvans., to hinder mutually; enter- 
ho'ld v. ¢rans., to observe (a treaty) reciprocally ; 
enterki'ssing ///.a., mutually kissing; enter- 
lend v. [ef. Fr. sentrepréter] trans., to lend to 
one another; enterlo-ve z. [cf. Fr. s'entr’aimer] 
trans., to love mutually; enterma‘rch v. intr, 
to tread on each other’s toes; entermi‘ne sd., an 
intervening mine; entermi'ne v. iztr., to drive 
mines between or in an interval; hence enter- 
mining vd/. sb.; enterowe v. [cf. Fr. sentre- 
devoir] trans. to owe one another; enter- 
pillar [tr. L. intercolumnium], the space be- 
tween two pillars; entersee’k v. [cf. Fr. s’entre- 
chercher), trans., to seek mutually; entershew* 
v. [cf. OF. s'entremostrer], trans., to show one to 
another ; entershivne z. [cf. Fr. entre/utre], intr., 
to shine or show up between ; to appear partially; 
to glance, glimmer; entershowlder v. /rans., 
to shoulder mutually, to jostle; hence enter- 
shou'ldering vé/. sb.; enterspli't v. [cf. Fr. en- 
trefendre], refl., to split one another ; enterspo‘il 
v. (tr. Fr. s*entrepiller], trans., to pillage mutually ; 
entersu'ck v. /rans., to suck mutually; enter- 
take v. [cf. Fr. entreprendre and ENTERPRISE 
v. 3], tvans., to receive, entertain; entertea‘r v. 
[cf. Fr. s'entredéchirer], trans., to tear mutually ; 
enterwa‘rn v. [cf. Fr. s'entravertir], trans., to 
warn mutually. 

1603 Fiorio Mont. mt, viii. (1632) 528 We tably 
*enter-advertize our selves of our defects. 1§98 SYLVESTER 
Du Bartas u. i. Handie-crafts 21 [They] cast away their 
spears, And rapt with joy, them *enterbathe with tears. 
1603 Frorio Montaigne 1. xxvii. (3632) 90 Children killed 
their parents. .to avoid the hindrance of *enterbearing one 

other, Caxton Gold. Leg. 110/3 Atte last he opened 
hys dore and sith *entrebraced eche other, 1598 SYLVESTER 
Du Bartas u. i. Handie-crafts 209 Their shady hs 
first bow they tenderly, Then “enterbraid. 1541 R. 
LAND Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The syxth pe a4 that 
Galyen his to * breake [1579 enterbrake], and 
intercyde the matter, 1631 Bratawait Whimsies, S- 


Montaigne i. xxx. (1632) 104 Those that are much about 
one age, doe generally *entercal one another brethren. 
Ibid. 1. xxii. 47 By hanges and * P of 
which, the luti .of the. . pl: are 

Norven Sec. Brit., M'sex u. 6 For the more easie *enter- 
cmmmage of thinges between London and it (Hartford). 
1603 F' LorioMontaigne ut, xiii.(1632) 617 Paine and pleasure 
. “ent der and d one h Gas- 


Pai) 


coicne Flowers (R.), Their chiefe repast was - 
glancing of lookes. ils er er 
woe works mah tA ae wen ; and 
en 


ergravinges betwen the joyntures. 1603 FLorto Afon- 
taigne 1. ii, (1632) 190 They are two that 
*enterhinder one er, their 


a vigor. CaxTon 
Vitas Patr. (W. de W, 1495) 1. xiii, 114 a/c 


whyche 


ENTERABLE. 


n they made and *entrehelden ; For after ofte times 
they vysited eche other. x59 SytvesteR Du Bartas 1. ii. 
1oso Water, ‘noynting with cold-moist the brims Of th’ 
*enterkissing turning Globes extreams Tempers the heat. 
Fiorio Montai; it. iii. (1632) 463 They are things 
which *enterlend and *enterowe one another their essence. 
Ibid. 1. xxvii. 94 They *enterlove one another, and love me 
asmuch, 1475 Caxton Yason 105 They [Medea and Jason] 
*entremarched with their feet under the tables. ¢ 16x1 
Sytvester Du Bartas u. iv. Decay 949 Just in the mouth 
of th’*entermine he [fir’d]. 154x Eryor /mmage Gov. (1556) 
135 b, Craftie *enterminynge. 1609 Biste (Douay): Kings 
vil. 31 The middle *enterpillers [were] square not round. 
1603 Florio Montaigne 1. xxxiv. (1632) 111 There are ever 
conditions that *enterseeke one another. /d/d. u. xii. 265 It 
was..a singular pleasure to observe the love. .each endevored 
to *entershew one another. 1562 PuaiER 4neid 1x. Bb 
iiij b, Soldiours round ryng not so thicke, Where wal most 
*entershines. os | Fiorito Montaigne u. xii, (1632) 301 An 
overshadowed and darke picture, *entershining with an 
infinit varietie of false lights. a 1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. 
Fas. V Wks. 113 At his very sight .. a tumult, confused 
clamour, and *enter-shouldering ofmale-contentsarose, 1605, 
SytvesterR Du Bartas u. iii. Vocation 301 If that any 
[stones] fail their foes to hit In full, in flight themselves they 
*entersplit. 1603 Frorio Montaigne ui. vii. (1632) 517 
Superiority and inferiority..must perpetually *enterspoile 
one another. /ézd. 11. xxvi. 387 They..mutually *enter- 
suck’t each one the others [thumb], 1596 SpENSER FQ. v. 
ix. 35 So did this mightie Ladie..with more myld aspect 
those two to *entertake, 1603 Florio Montaigne 11. xi. (1632) 
240 All are pleased to see them [beasts]. .*enterteare one an- 
other. did. 1. xxxiv. 111 This means of *enterwarning one 
another would bring no small commoditie into common com- 
merce and societie. 


Enterable (enterab’l), a. [f. Enver v. + 
-ABLE.] That may be entered, in various senses 
of the vb. ; +sfec. of an article of commerce, that 
is allowed to be imported. 

1714 F'r. Bk. of Rates 57 Merchandizes, which are Enterable 
in the former Account of Goods. 1787 Netson 12 Aug. in 
Nicolas Désf. (1845) I. 252 Tamarinds and noyeau I must 
get smuggled..The latter is not enterable. 1793 A. BELL 
in Southey Lz (1844) I. 461 Walked all round ondicherry. 
Enterable by the sea face from the south. 1858 Haw- 
THORNE Fr. § Jt. F¥rnds. I. 245 The hotel is..enterable 
throughanarch. 1879 G. Macponatp Sir Gibbie I. ix. 123 
On neither could he be required to live and act —as now in 
this waste of enterable and pervious extent. 

Enteradenography, -ology: see ENTERO-. 

Enterance: see ENTRANCE. 

Enterate (entérét), @. Zool. [ad. mod.L. en- 
terat-us, {. Gr. €vtepa bowels: see -ATE.] Having 
an intestine distinctly separated from the outer 
body-wall. 

1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv. An. xi. 652 The possibility that 
anenterous parasites are not necessarily modifications of 
free, enterate ancestors. 

Enterbathe, -bear, -break, -breath, -call, 
-caper, -carriage: see ENTER- pref. 

Entercept, Enterchaine, etc.: see InTER-. 

+ Evnterclose, interclose. Ovs. [a. OF. 
entreclos, {. entre between + clos: see CLOSE s0.] 

1. A partition, ‘septum’. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. Ixxxi, (1495) 653 In 
the fruyte of Mirtus ben thre celles and in euery celle thre 
greynes or foure joyned wythout interclose [sine pariete.] 
/bid., Some greyne is dowble wythoute interclose [Lat. 
absque pariete] as in Celidoyne, and some is double wyth 
interclose as the greyne of Narstucium. 

2. Arch. ? A screen, partition. Also attrdd. 

¢ 1450 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 590 Interclausum, an enterclos. 
1479 Will Wulwurth (Somerset Ho.), Lego ad facturam 
le enterclose beate Marie ecclesie. 1485 in Finchale 
Priory Acc. Gés7) 370 Lez enterclose walles tenementorum 
in Ballio, x160x F. Gopwin Bés. of Eng. 308 Ouer against 
which place, vpon the enterclose of the Quier I find written, 
etc. 1851-3 Turner Dom. Archit. II. v. 216 [tr. Liberate 
Roll of 1248] An interclose with door and locks at the en- 
trance of the queen’s new chamber. 


b. ?A space partitioned off. 

The architectural dicts, give the definition ‘a passage 
between two rooms’, referring to the following example : 

1478 Wyxcestre /tin, oY? 288 Le enterclose per quam 
vadit a porta ad aulam [in Wookey cavern] estlongitudinis 
dimidium furlong, et archuata, etc, 

Entercommon, -commune, etc. : see Iv-. 

Enterdeal, obs. form of IntTHRDEAL. 

Enterdese, variant of InrERDICE, Oés. 

|| Enter-deux. Ods. rare—1. [a. Fr. entre- 
deux * between two’.] A ‘go-between’; in quot. 
a proxy bridegroom. 

1602 FutBecke Pandectes 25 James King of Scots..was 
married to Anne .. by a substitute or exter-deux. 

Enterdice, var. of InrERDICE, Oés. 

Enterdict: obs. form of InrErpicr. 

Enterdit(e; var. of IntERD1TE, Ods, 

Enterduce: var. of Inrerpice, Ods. 

Entere, obs. form of Entre. 

Entered (e'ntoid), 497. a. [f. ENTER v. + -ED1.] 
In various senses of the verb, ¢.g.: That has gone 
or advanced within ; that a person, etc, has gone 
into; that has been placed on a register. 

1 Lo. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) M iij, A 
lorde of noble bloude, and somewhat entred in age. 1796 
Coteripce Ode Departing Year i, Ere yet the entered 
cloud foreclosed my sight. 1887 Pad/ Mall G. 4 Aug. tt 

e d vassal .. supposed by a legal fiction still to 
the holder of the estate, 


terengender: see ENTER- Zref, 


aii 


Enterer (e‘nterez). [f. ENTER v. +-ER.] 
- One who goes or comes into. 

1590 Spenser /. Q. ut. xii. 42 Those dreadfull flames .. 
That erst all entrers wont [v. 7. won] so cruelly to scorch. 
@ 1617 Hirron Wks. (1619) I. 11 The entrers into this gate 
of life. 1760 J. Scorr Elegy iv. (1786) 45 The hope-flushed 
ent’rer on the stage of life. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask 
Mamma _v. 16 On went the vehicle, leaving the enterer 
to settle intoa seat by its shaking. 

+2. One who is being initiated. Ods. 

1565 Jewet Def Afol. (1611) 147 Beginners, or Enterers 
of the Faith, called Catechumeni. 1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. 
iii, 18 a 4 require any other little booke meet to enter 
children ; the Schoole of Vertue is one of the principall, 
and easiest for the first enterers. 

3. One who ‘enters’ for a race, etc. 

1746 Brit. Mag. 48 A constant Enterer at New-market 

aces. 

Enteres, var. of EnrREsss, entrance. 

Enterfa(i)jre, -feir, -fire, obs. ff. INTERFERE v. 

+Enterfea't. O0s. Also 7 interfeat. [ad. 
Fr. entrefaite, f. ries ane to do (something) be- 
tween or mutually, f. etre (see ENTER- pref) + 


Jaire to do.] pl. Deeds (of arms) on both sides. 

1614 RaceicH Hist. World 1. 139 The varietie of which 
enter-feates was such that the Thebans themselves were 
drawne by the losse of the haven of Corinth to sue for peace. 
@ 1662 Heytin Laud uu. 465 During which Interfeats of 
Arms, and Exchange of Pens. 

Enterflow, obs. form of InrurrLow. 

Enterglance, -grave, etc.: see EnTER- pref. 

Enteric (enterik), @. <Awat. and Path. [ad. 
Gr. évrepix-ds, f. €vrepoy an intestine.] Of or per- 
taining to the intestines. xtertc fever: typhoid 
fever. 

1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 541 The fatal 
cases of ‘ continued fever ’ are from enteric (typhoid) fever. 
1878 Bett Cegenbauer’s Comp. Anat. 112 Vhe enteric 
cavity. /bid. 523 These plexuses are distributed on the 
enteric tube, 

Entering (entorin), vd/. sd. [f. Enver v. + 
-Incl] 

1. The action of the vb. ENTER in various senses. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2139 Ariadne, His dwellynge 
Right faste bi the dore at hisentrynge. 1388 Wycuir 1 Kings 
xvi. 4 The eldere men of the citee..camen to hym..and 
seiden, Whether thin entryng is pesible? 1526 Pilger. 
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 274 In the entrynge of the vij dayes 
iourney of this pilgrimage of perfeccyon. 1553 Latimer 
Serm. Lord's Pr. U1. 3‘ Our Father’, These words pertain 
not to the petitions, they be but an entering. 1653 Urevu- 
HART Kadelais 1. iv, In the entering of the spring. 1702 
Lond. Gaz. No. 3839/4 The Horses to be kept in that Parish 
from the Entring to the Running. 1714 Srrincer (title), 
The Experienc’d Huntsman .. with directions concerning 
the Breeding and Entring of Hounds. 1842 H. E. Man- 
NING Serm, (1848) I. i. 3 The entering in of sin proves the 
presence of an Eel Being. 1880 McCartuy Own Times 
III. 334 From the entering of Moscow to the arrival at 
St. Helena. ; 

+b. Zo give entering to: to admit. Ods. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Paty. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 192a/2, In 
the mornyng gyuyng to hym entrynge he sayd to hym. 

+2. The place where one enters; an entrance; 
a door, etc. Of a bodily organ: An opening. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir £zeé. viii. 5 ‘The ydol of envye in that en- 
trynge. cx1gq40 Boorpe Zhe boke for to Lerne Biija, The 
gate howse in the mydse of the fronte entrynge into the 
place. 154 R. Coptanp Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg., It 
[testis fellis] hath two entrynges or neckes betwene whiche is 
a dystaunce. 

3. Attrib., as entering-breach, -clerk, -door, -land- 
mark, -room, -stone; also aut. with reference to 
the means of entrance into a vessel, as entering- 
hatchway, -ladder, -port, -rope; and Mech. in the 
names of certain tools, as extering-chisel, -file. 

1562 PHAER 4xeid 1x. B biiij b, Some seeke their *en- 
tryng breach on skalyng ladders clambring quicke. 1701 
Lond. Gaz, No. 3723/4 Whereby *Entring-clerks and others 
may be farnishon with proper Words. 1723 /dzd. No. 6191/2 
Each Horse .. paying. . Half a Crown to the entring Clerk. 
1886 Pall Mail G. 29 Apr. 2/1 Chained to the desk of an 
entering clerk. 1632 Lirncow 7vav. vit. (1682) 353 The 
chiefest Mosque in it .. having thirty four *entring Doors. 
1626 Carr. SmitH Accid. Yung. Seamen 13 An *entring 
ladder. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxi. (1856) 272 This 
cape is the great *entering landmark of the northern shores 
of Lancaster Sound. 1758 J. Brake Plan Mar. Syst. 2 The 
*entring ports. 1830 ponies King s Own vii, Out of the 
larboard entering-port. 1886 Daily News 20 Oct. 6/2 The 
huge press that stood in the *entering room .. went for a 
beggarly six shillings. 1627 Carr. Smitn Seaman's Gram. 
vi. 27 The *Entering rope is tied by the ships side, to hold 
by as you goe vp the Entering ladder, cleats, or wailes. 
1596-7 S. Fincne in Ducarel Hist. Croydon (1783) 153), 
There is space .. for a *enteringe stone of eache side. 

Evntering, #//. a. [f. Enter v.+-1NG*.] That 
enters ; coming or going in; + hegineene 

7483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 99/2 The next moneth of august 
the thirde day entryng. 1594 Souruwett MM, Magd. Fun. 
Teares 198 To her now entring and never-ending pleasures. 
1633 P. Fieve Purple Isl. v. xlvi, Receives the ent’ring 
sounds. 1666 DrypEN Ann. Mirab, cxxix, Grim death... 
urges entering billows as they flow. 1795 SourHEy Yoan 
of Arc 1x. 260 Nor heard the coming courser’s sounding 
hoof, Nor entering footstep. 31855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
ILI. 57 Streams of entering and departing courtiers. e 

Enteritis (entérai‘tis). Path. [f. Gr. evrep- 
ov + reac | Inflammation of the bowels; esp. 
of the small intestines; usually understood of the 
acute rather than the chronic form. 


ENTERMETE. 


1808 Med. Frnl. XIX. 276 Those patients .. were very 
liable to them [febrile affections] in the form of Enteritis. 
1878 Hapersuon Dis. Abdomen 4 Pain .. of a very intense 
form .. in enteritis. 


Enterkiss: see EntER- pref. 

+ Enterknow’, interknow,, v. Os. [f. Ey- 
TER-, INTER- + Know v,; after Fr. s'entveconnattre.] 
trans. To know (one another) mutually; to know 
and be known by (a person). Hence Enter- 
knowing vé/. sd. 

1603 Frorio Montaigne u. xviii. (1632) 376 If that [our 
word] faile us..we enterknow one another no longer. 1652 
Be. Hatt /xvis. World Pref., I have desired .. to enter- 
know my good God, and his blessed Angels and Saints. 
/bid. 1. iv, Why should we abridge our souls more than 
them of the comfort of our interknowing ? 

+ Enterknow'ledge. 0ds. In mod. editions 
and Dicts. inter-. [f. EnreR-+ KNowLEDGE; cf. 
prec.] Mutual knowledge. 

@ 1626 Bacon New A td. (1650) 11 All Nations have Enter- 
knowledge one of another, either by Voyage into Forraine 
Parts, or by Strangers that come to them. 

Enterlace, obs. form of INTERLACE. 

+ Enterlasde, v. Obs. rare—1. [? misprint for 
enterlace, as in later editions ; or var. of exterlard.] 

1545 Raynotp Womans Booke 18 They [the vessels] begin 
to intermingle, enbrade, and enterlade each other. 

Enterlard, -league: see INTER-. 

Enterlend, -love: see EnrEr- pref. 

+ Enterle’sse, v. Obs. rave—'. [a. OF. en- 
trelesse-r, -laisser to omit, f. entre- (see ENTER- 
pref.) + laisser to leave.] trans. To omit. 

1548 Hatt Chron. (1809) 184 Abstinence of War was con- 
cluded betwene the Kyng of Englande & the Duchesse of 
Burgoyne (Enterlessyng the Duke and his name). 

Enterline, obs. form of INTERLINE. 

Enterlude, obs. form of INTERLUDE. 

Enterly, var. of ENTIRELY. 

+Ente'rm, v. Ols. rare—'. In 7 entearm. 
[f. Ex-1+Txrxm v.] To apply a term to; to name. 

1607 WaLKINGTON Of¢. Glass 108 The receptacle of choler 
entearmed the gall. 


Entermarriage, -meddle, etc.: see IN-. 

Entermell, var. of INTERMELL, Ods. 

+ Entermee‘ne, v. Os. vave. [Of uncertain 
formation ; perh. f. ENTER- + MEAN sé. commu- 
nity, participation; but cf. OF. extremener to 
lead between.] zztr. ? To meddle, interfere. 

©1449 Pecock Ref. 50 Sporiorie and Cutellerie enter- 
meeneden and enterfereden with goldsmyth craft. 

Entermes: see ENTREMESS. Oés. 

+ Enterme'te, v. Ols. Forms: 3-5 enter-, 
entreme(t)te(n, 3 entermitti, 4-5 entremet, 5 
entre-, entromytte. Also 5 intremet, 6 inter- 
mete; and see InrERMIT, INTROMIT. [a. OF. ex- 
tremetre (mod. extremettre), repr. two distinct Lat. 
formations, 7ztermittére (cf. Sp. entermeter, It. 
tntermettere) to interrupt, discontinue, in late L. 
also to put (something) between, and ztromittére 
(cf. Sp. extrometer, It. intromettere) to send or 
admit within, introduce; f. zz¢er between, zntvo 
within + mittére to send. In ME. the word was 
adopted as refl. and intr. with sense ‘to introduce 
oneself, meddle’; in early mod. Eng. the sense 
‘interpose (something, or oneself)’ was taken up 
from Fr., but rarely occurs. The verbs INTERMIT, 
Intromit, adapted from the original Lat. forms, 
were formerly often used in the senses of entremzete, 
of which they may therefore to some extent be re- 
garded as refashioned forms; now, however, they 
are used only in senses directly due to their Latin 
epmoleey.] ; 

. ref. To concern or occupy oneself, inter- 
meddle, take part; to have dealings or intercourse. 
Const. iz, of, with. Also, to set oneself, under- 
take ¢o (do something). - j ; 

az22g Ancr. R, 172 Heo entermeted hire of binges wid- 
uten. @1300 Cursor M.7403(Cott.)O be kingrike al gouerning 
He [Dauid] entir-mett him in na dede [77z. J/S. he enter- 
meted him of no ping in dede]. Jérd. 8759 He [Salomon] 
can him entermet Pe temple mak. c1400 Kom. Rose 5949 
She is neither so fool ne nyce, To entremete hir of sich vice. 
1406 Hoccteve Misrule 440 Right wole eek, that I me en- 
tremete. ¢1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode 1. xxix. (1869) 151 
The hand .. entermeteth hire to taste and to visite so ofte 
the tunge. ¢1440 HyLton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ur. 
ix, To..intermette the with worldly besynes. 1485 MALory 
Arthur xv1. xv, Yf ye entermete [1634 intermit] yow in 
this I shall slee you. 1 Caxton Eneydos xxili. 87 All 
thartes and scyences magicque wherof this lady and pres- 
tresse entromytreteth [read entromytteth] herself. c¢1g00 
Melusine 69 That none of us shall entremete hym to doo 
that ye spek of. 1517 in Turner Se?, Rec. Oxf. 17 All 
those that entremetyde them of merchantyse should be 
taxed. — 

b. intr. for refi. ; ; 

1300 Floriz § Bl. 204 Ne per nis non so riche king pat 
dorste entermeten of eni such ping. ¢ 1300 Beket 1253 Lete 
him iworthe so Than entermitti of holi churche. a@ 1420 
Hoccueve De Reg. Princ. 1089 Our Lorde God wolde en- 
termete Of norichesse. ¢1449 Pecock Refr. 1. 145 To be 
forbode from entermeting with the Bible. 1467 in £xg. 
Gilds (1870) 404 That non seriaunt name nor entremet of the 
seid eleccion. ¢1475 Partenay 215 He.. Toms of al shal 

-2 


ENTERMETER. 


—- - 1485 Matory Arthur x. xxvi, The 
self and 


hym ] with bh: 
with his wyf and of fh gg <a ove 1490 Gast 
Eneydos 3 Yf ony man “4 enter-mete in redyng of hit. 
1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1 To entremete to 
recyte..suche hystoryes. 1494 Fasyan vi. clxiv. 158 That 
nother y* one nor the other shulde intremet with fore- 
saydlondes. 1548 Hatt Chron, (1809) 88 It longeth not to 
clerkes to intermete of them. 
c. trans. To meddle with, be occupied upon. rare. 

1393 Gower Con/. I. 161 My thought will entermete him 
sone. 1502 ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 38 Of him that entyr- 
meten the thyngis aboue sayd. 

2. To mix, alternate. ‘ 

¢1530 in Pol. Rel. & Love Poems (1866) 43 Entirmet this 
with woo And gladnes, 

3. To put (oneself) between. 

axs4r Wyatt Poems in Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.) ys The 
hylles that doth them entermete Twene me, and those 
shene lightes. 

Hence Enterme‘ting v0/. sb. and ff/. a. 

1375 Sc. Lives Saints, Petrus 311 Four concubynes he 
«.gerte refuse pe oan" Forthir till have with 
Agrippine. 1377 Lancet. P. PZ. B. x1. 406 Ac for thine 
entermetyng here artow forsake. cx1qg00 Test. Love ui. 
(1560) 2 Thyne entremeting maners into stedfastnesse 
shullen be chaunged. c1449 Pecock Repr. u. xii. 220 We 
muste haue manye othere entermetingis with him than the 
entermeting of remembring oonli. 1583 T. Stocker Trag. 
Hist. Civ. warres 11. 15 By the entermeetyng and inter- 
cession..of the Lordes here vnder named, etc. 


+ Enterme'ter. O¢s. [ad. Fr. entremetteur, 
f. entremettre: see prec.] A broker, mercantile 
intermediary. 


1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 260a/1, He 
was a grete marchaunt and entermeter. 


Entermine: see EnTER- pref. 
Entermingle, obs. form of INTERMINGLE, 
+ Entermi'se. Ods. [a. Fr. entremise, f. en- 


haue wher he entermet. 


| last. 
; enter-parlie and businesse about taking hostages. 


tremettre to place in the midst, interfere, f. entre | 


(see ENTER-) + mettre to put.] a. Occupation, 
business. b. Interposition, intervention, mediation. 
1490 Caxton Eneydos 55 Withstandynge the grete enter- 
myse and besy occupacion that they had In hande. 1624 
Brief Inform. Affairs Palatinate 36 Hee was offered a 
‘Treatie of Peace, by the entermise of the Elector. 1638 
tr. Balzac's Lett. 1. (1654) 112 By the entermise of words. 

Entermix, obs. form of INTERMIX. 

Entero- (entéro; before two unstressed syl- 
lables entérg’), (before a vowel sometimes reduced 
to enter-), combining form of Gr. évrepo-y intestine, 
in many compounds of mod. formation, occurring 
in Biology, Pathology, etc. The most important 
only are here given; as Enteradeno'graphy, 
Anat. [see ADENOGRAPHY], ‘a description of the 
intestinal glands’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Enteraden- 
ology, Avzat. and Phys. [see ADENOLOGY], ‘an 
account of the intestinal glands’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
E-nteroce:le, Surg. [Gr. «An tumour], a hernial 
tumour whose contents are intestine. ence En- 
teroce'lic a. E:nteroepi‘plocele, Surg. [see 
EPIpLoceLeE], a hernia in which portions of intes- 
tine and omentum are both protruded. E:ntero- 
ga'strocele, Surg.,a term for an abdominal hernia 
containing intestine. Entero*graphy, ‘a descrip- 
tion of the intestines’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Em- 
terohy‘drocele, Surg, [see HypRocELE], ‘ intes- 
tinal hernia conjoined with hydrocele’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex.). E‘nteroli:te, altered form of E-ntero- 
litth, Path. [Gr. Aidos a stone], a stony con- 
cretion in the stomach or intestinal canal of 
animals, and occasionally of man. Entero‘logy, 
Anat, [ +-LoGyY], ‘a treatise on, or the considera- 
tion of the history of, the intestines’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
Entero‘pathy, Path. [Gr. -ra0ea, f. 400s suffer- 
ing], ‘intestinal disorder or disease’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
E:nteropla‘sty, Surg. [+ Gr. wAaor-fs fashioner 
+-Y], the restoration by plastic operation of a 
solution of continuity of the intestine. Entero’- 
tomy, Surg. [Gr. -romia cutting], the opening of 
the intestine to release its contents, as sometimes 
in hernia, or to remove a foreign body. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. §& Min. 62 Pounded with hone 
it [the ashes of a Hare] helps the *enterocele. 1878 T. 
Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 646. 3736 Baitey, *Enterocelick. 
/bid., *Enteroepiplocele. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 
646 When both intestine and omentum occupy the sac [they 
form an] entero-epiplocele. Syd. Soc. Lex.,*Enterolith. 
1721 Batey, *Bhterology. -ab78 T. Bryant Pract, Surg. 
1, 627 Of these [means] ** y’ is most applicabl 

Enterodelous (e:nterod7‘las), a. Biol. [f. mod. 
L. enterodéla sb. pl., f. Enrero- + Gr, 5%A-os mani- 
fest +-ous.] Having an intestine plainly visible ; 
applied to those Polygastria that have a perfect 
intestinal tube, terminated by a mouth and anus, 
Ba Hg Tovp Cycl, Anat. IV. be 4 The Enterodelous Poly- 


Enteroid (entéroi:d), a. Biol. [f. Gr. évrep-ov 
+ aa Resembling a bowel. 
1835-6 Topp Cyci. Anat. 1. 171/1 An enteroid vessel. 


Enteropneustal eae geet eo) a. ff 
Gr. &vrepo-v intestine + mvevor-, f. mvéay to breathe 


+-AL.] Of or pertaining to the Zuéeropneusta, | 


212 


worm-like animals having the breathing apparatus 
borne on the intestinal canal. 

1877 Huxuey Anat. Inv. An. xii. 674 note, Either Verte- 
brate, E 1 or Tunii branchiz. 


Enterowe: see ENTER- pr¢/. 

+En ‘rlance. Also 7 in-. [ad. AF. entre- 
parlaunce, t. entreparler: seenext.] A conference. 

1603 Knoties Hist, Turks (1621) 954 first enterparl- 
ance of betwixt the Persians and the T1 1625 
Modell Wit 61», In which time of so serious in’ lance. 
1643 Three Letters 41 They would apply ves unto 
him for an ent . 

+En rle, v. Ods. Also 7 interparle. 
[ad. F. entreparler, f. entre between+ parler to 
7k, ee: a talk mutually, confer. 

x t. VIIT, Il. 343 E ling togith 
b See 195 Tummenv, to Chalmers Eng’ Poets 
IJ. 642/1 And hope. .To enterparle with thee my Friend. 

Hence E-nterparle s/., the action of the verb; 


a conference, parley. Enterpa‘rling wi/. sb., 
a. taking part in a conversation ; b. intercession. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wares 1, xxiii, From Lancaster. . Arrived 
Northumberland, as to confer. . And therefore doth an enter- 

arle exhort. 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. u. Wks. 1170/1 

ith ofter enterparlyng — your parte. 1656 Trapp 
Comm. « Tim. ii. 1 Interparlings with God, either for our- 
selves. .or for others. 

+ Enterpa‘rley. 0és. Also 6 inter-. [f. 
EnTER- + PARLEY.) A mutual talk ; a conference, 
conversation ; also J/2/. a parley. 

1590 Lopce Euphues Gold. Leg.in Halliw. Shaks. V1. 38 
Leaving off these “ened wre you shall hear my last son- 
netto. 1594 — Wounds Civ. War v. in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 
186 ‘The younger Marius. .Vouchsaf’d an inter-parley at the 
1603 FLorio Montaigne 1. vi. (1632) 12 During their 
1620 
Suecton Quix. IV, xxx. 237 With that they gave over their 


Enterparly. 
+Ente art, v. Obs. rare—?. 


In 4 entre- 


part-yn. [a. OF. entrepartir: see Enter- and 
Part " trans. To share, participate in. 
4 CHAUCER Troylus 1. 592 To entrepartyn wo, as 


glad E as disport. 

+ Enterpa‘rten, v. Ods. [? Secondary form 
of prec. ; perh. influenced by pfartner.] trans. To 
share or divide with a partner, or between partners. 

Hence Enterpa‘rtening v/. sd. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. 34 He .. ent rteneth 
the gouernment of the world with his Father. /did. 1. 163 
By beet! phi of himself with vs. 1553 GrIMALDE 
Cicero's Offices (1556) 8 The enterpartening of mannes life. 

+Enterpe‘n, v. Hawking. Obs. [a. OF. entre- 
pener, {. entre between + Jenne wing feather.] 
(See quots.) 

1486 Bk. St. Albans A vij.a, This hawke is entirpenned, 
that is to say when the federis of the wyngis bene bitwen 
the body and the thighis. 1736 Baiey s.v., A Hawk enter- 
penneth, that is, she hath her Feathers wrapt up, snarled 
or intangled, 

Enterpendant: see INTERPENDANT. 

Enterpillar: see EnTER- pref. 

Enterpleader, -polish: see InTER-. 

Enterpone, var. of InTERPONE, Oés. 

Enterpose, -produce: see INTER-. 

+Enterprenant,c. (és. In6 enterprenaunt. 
[a. OF. entreprenant, pr. pple. of entreprendre to 
take in hand Exrsarcimn) Enterprising. 

c1goo Melusine 122 The sawdan is 
prenaunt. 

Enterpret, form of INTERPRET. 

En ise (entoipraiz), sb. Forms: 5-6 
enter-, entreprys(e, (5 enterprinse), entre- 
pris(e, 6 enterprice, -yce, 6-9 enterprize, 5- 
enterprise. Also 6-7 interprise, -yse, Sc. -yiss, 
7 -yze. [a. OFr. entreprise, -prinse, f. entre- 
prendre to take in hand, undertake, f. entre between 
+ prendre to take.] 

. A design of which the execution is pare 
a piece of work taken in hand, an undertaking ; 
chiefly, and now exclusively, a bold, arduous, or 
momentous undertaking. 
c aie Gener. (Roxb.) 4310 Whan the Soudon wist of 
this thei lost such an entrepris. *478 Bk. Noblesse 
(1860) 6 Entreprinses and werris taken and fo! 
a just cause. 1530 Parser. 868 The great diffyculte of myne 
entre) 1535 Stewart Cron, Scot. Il. 185 Met in the 
middis with mony ee. 1557 Paynet y Fone Fu- 

urth 95 b, He proceded in his ey”, dong and purpose. 1603 

notLes Hust, Turks (1621) 1308 They resolved. .to make 
an enterprise upon some townes of Albania. 1618 E. Evton 

pos. Romans vil. (1622) of 


y and enter- 


We must not be 
Satan's Enterprizes. 1704 Swirr Batt, Bhs, (1711) 261 He 


unded vppon — 


ENTERPRISING. 
Witsox Brit. India I. 310 That portion of the trade .. 
hed to pri ‘ 


ar a beaks pany reling’ Pr P 

position or readiness to engage in under- 
ings of difficulty, risk, or danger; dari irit. 

eae Noblesse Wrists oo Scone er 


enterprize suppli ipline. 

Norm. or i III. xiv. 332 With an expression of con- 
for his of en i * 

+3. The action of taking ia Mand ; management, 


1534 Lp. Bexxess Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Dvijb, 
Some abode there ed wi agg oo of t 
sonne. in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1845) V. 370 The en- 
terprise conduct of the Gisetveden Lned Weloon, 
En (entaipraiz), v. arch. Forms as 
in sb. ly f. prec.; partly f. Fr. entrepris, 


pa. pple. of entreprendre (see prec.), from which 
vb. the senses are chiefly taken. 

1. trans. To take in id (a work), take upon 
oneself (a condition) , attempt or undertake (a war, 
an expedition, etc.), run the risk of or venture 
upon (danger). arch. 

Matory Arthur Contents vu. v, How T: 
enterprysed the Bataylle to t for the trewage of Corn- 
wayl. 1526 


Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 51 It boldeth by 
to. .enterp: without feare suche i aad * r (Mar) 
terprised. .vnadui 


» Offices 13 Matrimonie .. is not to en- 
¢ dlye. x602 Parericke tr. Gentillet agst. 
| Machiavel 314 Appius could not obtaine the ie which 
| hee had enterprised. x69 Locke Money 1727 HU, 
This was enterprized by a Prince, who could stretch his 
rerogative very far wu his People. on Wootston 
Disc. Miracles w. 55 the Bearers of the man 
sho — a trouble and a difficulty. 1788 Cowrer 
Corr. (1824) Il. 174 Impossible for Mrs. Unwin to enter- 
rize a cake. 1 G. Cuatmers Ci ja 1.1. ii. 57 
oman ambition first enterprized the conquest of the common 
parent of the British nations. 1871 Ruskin Fors Clav. v. 
12 What the 7imes calls ‘Railway Enterprise’. You En- 
terprised a Railroad through the valley. 
+b. with zwf (rarely with clause) as obj. Obs. 
1481 Caxton Myrr. u1. xxiv. 193 Them that ¢ late 
enterprysed right and reson to make warre. 1523 
Sxe.ton Garl, Laurel 388 Maister Chaucer .. nobly enter- 
prysed How that our Englysshe myght freshly be ennewed. 
158r Marseck Bk. of Notes 497 Ananias, thou hast enter- 
prised to lye vnto the Holie ghost. 1605 Bacon Adv. 
| Learn. u. i. § on circle the Earth .. was not done nor 
| enterprised till these later times. 1617 Hates Gold. Rem. 
| (1688) 7 He therefore enterpris’d to handle this Argument. 
+2. With personal obj.: a. To take in hand, 
attack. b. In fa. pple. [after Fr. entrepris]: Em- 
barrassed, non-plussed, rendered helpless. 


| ©1450 Merlin xx. 315 Whan the kynge Arthur hem 
so enterprised. Caxton Ovid's Met, xu, xviii, I am so 
| moche enterprised of dystresse and anger. c1s10 More 


Picus Wks. 26 He lieth at hande, and shall vs enterprise. 
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge u. 135 Danes and Norwaies 
enterprised this lande. 

+3. intr. To make an attempt, undertake an 
operation, form a design. Of military com- 
manders: To direct operations, make an attack 
(upon), Cf. Fr. lve sur. Obs. 

@ 1527 tr. Machiavelli's Prince iii. (1883) 25 France..with 
its own forces alone, had been able to have en! ised upon 
Naples. 1588 J. Upatt Diotrephes (Arb.) 28 Be sure of the 
court, before you enterprise any other where. 1640 YORKE 
Union Hon, 37 One rt Huldern..with 15,000 strong 
enterprized for Yorke. 1651 tr. Deas Coveras Hist. Don 
Fenise 207 He had pecan y Sengomny rigpen te Joven yee 
of his owne Sister. x7or Cottier M. Aurel. (1726) 296 
We should enterprize with a reserve for t. 
1732 Neat Hist. Purit. 1, 111 It behoved the learned, 
grave, and godly ministers of Christ to enterprize farther. 
1813 Sir R. Witson Diary II. 248 Buonaparte .. might, 
pe enterprize towards Prague. 

Hence + Ev-nterprised ///. a., that has been 
undertaken, ventured upon. 

1560 Daus tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 193b, The Duke and the 

raue mad ° ing the causes of this 


en 
« 3 He woulde persist in his prised purp 
er (entasprei'zar). [f. ENTERPRISE 

v. + -ERI.] One who attempts an undertaking. 
Const. of, tz. ‘Also in bad sense, an adventurer. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxxiv. 424 A great enter- 

riser of dedes of armes. 1545 Rayvnotp Womans Booke 
D 2 The gud courages of al honest enterpreyers [sic] in those 
al other. 1577-87 Hotinsuep Chron. III. 802/2 
The enterprisers of these iusts, was Thomas lord Howard, 
etc. & ; in per erage lh Scot. 1. 259 o> 
ane simple ane enterpriser. 
Zss. Peace § Truth Ch. x7 The Enterprizers of that 
Babel. 1711 Suartess, Charac. u. a: (737) I. 233 The 
Boast of almost every in uses Art. 1748 


-. had wander'd long in search of some Enterprize. x Ricuarpson Clarissa 1. xix. 138 The att of enter- 
Anson's Voy. aaake A Voyage round the World is ait risers and fort 1 *. Cu ena Life ‘as. I, 
considered as an enterprize of a very singular nature. | 1814 iii. 93 An enterpriser in the = and hazardous 
Cuamers Evid. Chr. Revel. viii. 215 We must restrainthe | ygg2 Ww. B, Weeven Social Law Labor 32 These are not 
enterprizes of fancy. 1875 Heirs ss. Organiz. Daily Life | simply inter or enterprisers. 
ron bpm oe en ee ee ae , vbl. sb. rare. [f. ENTERPRISE 
b. adstr. Engagement in such undertakings. v.+ -ING!.] The action of the vb. ENTERPRISE; 
1769 Yunius Lett, iii. 17 You ought to have pointed out the action of undertaking or attempting. 
some instances of. . well-concerted enterprise. Watson 1572 H. MippecMore in Ellis , Lett. u. 190 III, 5 In 
Philip I17, 11. vi. 151. Times of national ent 8 the of which matter I doe wishe, etc. 1652 
Beresrorp in Lond. Gaz. 13 Sept. 1213/2 Some of the exist- | Gaute lagastromt. 24 As to the en! or eng i 
ing Duties bear too hard on the Enterprize of C of ticall, and religious actions, etc. _ 1675 “4 
1829 I. Taytor Exthus. iv. (1867) 71 Theology offers no | vELL Corr. siye-4 II. 442 His late tovsul 
field to men fond of intellectual enterprise. 1 H. H. | vert in all manners the libertyes of this city, etc. : 


ENTERPRISING. 


Enterprising (e'ntaipreizin), A/a. Also 7 
in-. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] a. That undertakes. 
b. Forward and prompt to undertake. In early 
use chiefly in bad sense, foolhardy, also ambitious, 
scheming: now chiefly in favourable sense, full of 
the spirit of enterprise. 

16rx Corer. s.v. Yod., An enterprizing foole needs little wit. 
1672 Marve.t Reh. Transp. 1. 139 Mr. Bayes is so interpris- 
ing youknow. 1720 Dr. Wixcocks in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 440 
IV. 321 The King of Prussia. .has a brisk enterprising look. 
1776 Gispon Dec?. § F. I. 364 Diocletian .. justly dreaded 
the Sy gm ge of Carausius. 1855 Macautay //is¢. 
Eng. U1. 605 The sagacious Cae en and the enter- 
prising Monmouth agreed in blaming these cautious tactics. 
1876 iA H. Newman Hist. Sk. I. 1. 1, 36 Marco Polo .. was 
one of a company of enterprising Venetian merchants. 

Hence Enterpri‘singly adv. 

1822 New Monthly Mag. V. 298 The claims which he had 
so enterprisingly advanced. 1887 Times 19 Oct. 7/4 Some 
couple of thousand of the roughest enterprisingly made their 
way to Trafalgar-square yesterday. 

Enterre, Enterrupt, obs. var. Inrer, INTER- 


RUPT. 

Enterseek, -shew, -shine: see EnTER- pref. 

Entershock : see InrrersHock. 

Entershoulder, -split, -spoil, -suck: see 
ENTER- pref. 

Entersole: var. of ENTRESOL. 

Enterspace, -sperse, obs. var. of INTERSPACE, 
-SPERSE, 

+ Entertai‘n, sd. Ods. Also 6-7 entertaine, 
6 -ayne, 7 intertaine. [f. next: cf. Fr. entre- 
tien.) = ENTERTAINMENT. 

1. a. Pleasure; delight. b. An amusement, a 
merry-making. 

x160r WEEveER Mirr. Mart. E iiij b, On whose [a river’s] 
prowde banke such entertaine I had. 1638-48 G. DanieL 
£clog. 1. 30 Rurall entertains Had noe ill-meanings. 1669 
Addr. Hopeful Yng. Gentry Eng. Ep. Ded. A viij, Our 
masquerades and longer festivous entertains. 1678 Sir T. 
Browne Let. Wks. 1852 III. 448 Intending to live in Surrey 
House, and there to make his entertaines ; so that he con- 
trives what pictures to lend, etc. 

2. Conversation ; social behaviour. 

1602 Marston Axt. & Afel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 11 With most 
obsequious sleek-browed intertain They all embrace it as 
most gratious. 1639 G. Danie Lcclus. xlii. 12 To re- 
straine A wife Immodest in her entertaine. 

3. The reception of a guest ; also, the treatment 
of a person as a guest. 

159t Spenser M. Hubberd 1085 Who .. Receyued them 
with chearefull entertayne. 1 Heywoop // you know 
not me Wks. 1874 I, 202 Those plausive shouts, which giue 
you entertaine. 1608 Saks. Per. 1. i. 119 Your entertain 
shall be As doth befit our honour and your worth. 1640 
T. Carew Poems, My Mistr. Commanding me to Return 
Lett. 15 Tell your Soveraigne .. I gave you courteous en- 
tertaine. 1651 tr. De Las Coveras Hist. Don Fenise 50, 1 
thought to enjoy the deare entertaine of Hipolite. 

b. A meal; esp. a formal or elegant meal; a 
feast, banquet. Cf. ENTERTAINMENT II c. 

1632 Heywoop 1st Pt. [ron Age ut. i. Wks. 1874 II. 302 
All welcome to this peacefull intertaine. 1639 G. Danie 
Ecclus. xlii. 40 Abstaine To meet with Woemen at an En- 
tertaine. a1682 Sir T. Browne Misc. Tracts (1684) 203 
The dismal Supper and strange Entertain of the Senatours. 
1686 OLpHAM Art Poetry 30 Ill Music ..is what the en- 
tertain might spare. 

4. Reception into the mind ; acceptance. 

1616 R. Niccots Overbury’s Vis. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) 
III. 357 My counsel might find entertain With those, whose 
souls, etc. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. v. iv. 237 Sathan 
appeared .. with a Virgins head, that thereby. . his tempta- 
tion might finde the easier entertaine. : 

Entertain (entaitzin), v. Forms: 5-7 en- 
terteyn(e, 5 entreteyne, (entertien, entretene, 
-iene), 6-7 entertaine, -ein(e, 6 -ayne, (-ene, 
7 -ean, -eign), 6-8 intertain(e, 6-7 -ayn(e, -ein, 
-eyn(e, (6 interteny, intertynie), 6- entertain. 
[late ME. entertene, ad. F. entretenir = Pr. entre- 
tenir, Sp. entretener, It. intrattenere:—late L. 
intertenére, f. L. inter among + tenére to hold.] 

+I. 1. trans. To hold mutually ; to hold in- 
tertwined. Also aéso/. with reciprocal sense. Ods. 

= Caxton Myrr. u. x. 88 They [bananas] entretiene 

and cleue to wel an hondred in a clustre. 1578 
Banister Hist. Man. vin, 111 An other lesser [nerve] trunke 
is intertained among the fore partes of the legge. 

II. To maintain, keep up. 
ar 2. trans. To keep (a person, country, etc.) 
in a certain state or condition ; to keep (a person) 
in a certain frame of mind. Oés. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xiii. 49 His swete wordes and draw- 
ynge atysen and enterteyne her in a contynualle thoughte 
towarde hym. 1538 Starkey England u. ii. 191 Hys owne 
clyent..was interteynyd in longsute. 158x SaviLe Tacitus’ 
ri cal ae 191 By a kind of courteous and mild regiment 
intertained the countrey in quiet. 1664 Marvett Cory. Wks. 
1872-5 II. 170 The Fidelity and prudence of their Ministers 
seems rather to entertain them in mutual cautele and sus- 
picion. 21714 Burnet Own Time (1823) 1. 425 Cromwell was 

ly fond of her, and she took care to entertain him in it. 

3. To keep up, maintain (a state of things, a 
process) ; to retain in use (a custom, law, etc.) ; 
to maintain, persist in (a course of action, 
‘attitude’, state of feeling). Ods. in gen. sense ; 


213 


retained (but somewhat avch.) in a few special 
uses, as fo entertain a correspondence, discourse. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos vii. 31 To enterteyn hir pudyque 
chastyte in perpetuall wydowhed. 1587 FLreminc Contn. 
Holinshed V1. 1375/1, I intertained intelligence with the 
Scottish queane. 1593 Drayton /dea Introd. Sonn., My 
Muse. .cannot long one Fashion intertaine. c 1630 Drum. 
or Hawru. Jvene Wks. 164b, So careful hath he been to 
intertain peace amongst his subjects. a@1639 Sporriswoop 
Hist. Ch. Scott. v. (1677) 253 Morton .. entertained a long 
fight with them. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. 1. ii. (16 cia To 
entertain the discipline of our Forefathers. ef UTTON 
Philos. Light, $c. 182 This heat, in the burning body, is 
entertained by the extrication of light. 1825 SouTHEY 
Paraguay 11. 18 The Empress Queen .. did not disdain .. 
to entertain Discourse with him. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. 
(1864) II. 111. vii. 137 Entertaining a friendly correspondence 
with the orthodox Queen Theodelinda. 1860 Morey 
Nethert. (1868) I. iv. 111 Philip. . might direct all his ener- 
gies towards entertaining civil war in France. 

+4. To maintain (something) in existence; to 
keep in repair or efficiency. Ods. 

1475 CaxTon Fasonx 72b, And for to entretiene his astate 
were ordeyned certayn nombre of peple. 1586 BriGut 
Melanch. it. 5 These varieties of humours are entertained 
by nourishments. 1670-98 Lassets Voy. /taly 1. 42 It’s 
(a bridge] entertain’d at the cost of the king of Spain. 

+5. To keep, retain (a person) in one’s service; 
to be at the charges of (a person) in return for 
services rendered by him. Odés. 

1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk. Gloucester vii, With princely wagies 
dyd me enterteyne. @ 1593 H. Smitn IVs, (1866-7) I. 15, 
I was. .entertained with a stipend raised by voluntary con- 
tribution. 1625 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. iii. 167 Two 
..Phisitions to bee interteyned and ymployed by this Cittie. 
1636 tr. Hlorus’ Hist. 130 They were entertained in pay by 
King Perses. 1650 FULLER Pisgah ut. ii. 361 Notwith- 
standing so many labourers entertained in the work, seven 
years was this Temple in building 1762-71 H. WaLpoLr 
Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 195 No wonder when 
so many Italians were entertained in the king’s service. 

+b. To take (a person) zo one’s service ; to 
hire (a servant, etc.) ; to retain as an advocate. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 147 They entertained into 
their pay Charles Vrsin and Bartlemew Aluiano with two 
hundred men at armes. 1591 SHAKS. Two Gent. u. iv. 110 
Sweet Lady, entertaine him for your Seruant. 1613 PurcHas 
Pilgr. I. v. tii. 392 Gave order .. to entertaine halfe of them 
for the warres. 1676 Marve. Corr, Wks. 1872-5 III. 498, 
I have enterteind Mr. Hall likewise, an able Exchequer 
atturny. 41721 Perry Daggenh. Breach 71, 1 .. directly 
entertain’d all the Hands I could get. 

+6. To maintain; to support; to provide sus- 
tenance for (a person). Oés. 

1640 Bk. War Committee Covenanters 67 Sex musque- 
teires and ane sergand to be enterteanit upon the publict. 
1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 99/1 Hermogenes, 
falling into Poverty, Socrates perswaded Diodorus his Friend 
to entertain. @1657 Batrour Aun. Scotd. (1824-5) I]. 145 
That also they take order for intertaining the poore in ilk 
parochin. 1703 Dk. Qureensserry in Ellis Ovig. Lett. u. 
396 IV. 240, I thought it necessary to entertain him with 
some money. 1771 Antig. Sarisb., Lives Bps. 169 Ten 
widows of Clergymen are here entertained, with a very 
comfortable provision, 

I. To maintain relations with. 

+7. To deal with, have communication with (a 
person). Oés. 

1568 Grarron Chron. Il. 720 He is a deepe dissimuler .. 
entertayning all men for his owne profite. 1655-60 STANLEY 
Hist. Philos. (1701) 141/2 A Friend is not be entertained 
out of useful or necessary Ends, nor when such fail, is to 
be cast off. : . 

+ 8. To treat in a (specified) manner. Ods. 

c ax Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 549 He entreteyneth 
vs above all other honourabli for the love of you. x1g91 
Suaxs. 1 Hen. V/, u. iii. 72, I am sorry, that with reuerence 
I did not entertaine thee as thou art. 1608-11 Br. Hay 
Medit. (1851) 76 And entertained with all variety of perse- 
cution. 1630 M. Gopwyn tr. Bf. Hereford’s Ann. Eng. 
28 He was very disgracefully entertained by Sir Amias 
Powlet, who clapt him in the stocks. 1662 Gunninc Lent 
Fast 44 Art thou rich? do not contumeliously entertain 
the [Lent] fast. 

IV. To hold engaged, provide occupation for. 

9. To engage, keep occupied the attention, 
thoughts, or time of (a person) : also with attention, 
etc. as obj. Hence, to discourse to (a person) of 
something. Ods. exc. arch. 

1598 Suaxs. Merry W. u. i. 68, I thinke the best way 
were, to entertaine him with hope. 1605 DanieL Philotas 
in Farr S. P. Jas, I (1848) 274 With what strange formes 
and shadowes ominous bia my last sleepe my griev'd soul 
intertaine! 1614 Rateicu Hist. World w. i. § 4 The Pho- 
cians hoped so to entertain the Thessalians at home, as, etc. 
1665 Boye Occas. Refi. £7875) 60 Noble enough, and worthy 
to entertain the Eyes of God. 1684 Contemp/. State Man 
I. viii. (x699) 218 Entertaining thy self in Pleasures, thou 
hast for Toys and Fooleries lost Heaven! 1686 W. DE 
Britains Hum. Prud. § 2. 5 Nor is the World any longer 
to be entertained with Dark Lanthorns. 1692 Br. Ety 
Answ. Touchstone A v, I hope I shall neither tire the 
Reader, nor entertain him unprofitably. 1748 CHEsTERF. 
Lett. 11. clxxiii. 142, I have so often entertained you upon 
these important subjects. a1850 Rossetti Dante & Circ. 
1. (1874) 186 Of thee she entertains the blessed throngs. 

+b. To occupy, fill up, wile away (time). Ods. 

1589 Puttennam Eng. Poesie ut. xxv.(Arb.) 306 To enter- 
taine time and ease at home. 1593 Suaks. Lucr. 1361 The 
weary time she cannot entertain. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 526 
Where he may likeliest find Truce to his restless thoughts, 
and entertain The irksome hours, till his great Chief return. 
1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. 287 We entertained our time 
pl ly gh in ing out and describing of plants. 


ENTERTAIN. 


+e. To give occupation to (an enemy's forces) ; 


to engage. Obs. 
1590 Sir J. SMytu Disc. Weapons 12 They presentlie send- 
ing certen troupes ..to skirmish and entertaine the Mos- 
quettiers. 1599 SHaks. Hex. V, 1. ii. 111 O Noble English, 
that could entertaine With half their Forces, the full pride 
of France. 1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv. ui. (1854) 70 They 
{colonel Butler’s regiment] entertained sir Charles Lucas. 
1654 R. Coprincton tr. /ustine’s History 192 Porus..had 
prepared an Army to entertain him [Alexander]. 
10. To engage agreeably the attention of (a 
person); to amuse. In recent use often also zvon- 
zcal ; =‘ to try to entertain’ (with something stupid 
or uninteresting). Also ref. and adsol. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 953 All this to entertain the 
Imagination that it waver less. 1655-60 Stantey Hist. 
Philos. (1701) 92/2 We entertained our selves with discourse 
till the Prison was opened. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. 
1. iv. §10 Such relations, which though not true, might yet 
please and entertain his readers. 1716-8 Lapy M. W. 
MontacuE Lett. I. xxvii. 89, I am very much entertained 
with him, 1738 Cosson Sense (1739) I. 127 Thus was 
poor Lucinda entertain’d out of her Innocence, and diverted 
into Infamy and Contempt. 1775 Jounson Let. Mrs. 
Thrale 11 June, You never told me .. how you were enter- 
tained by Boswell’s Journal. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries 
Hum. Life (1826) v. xv, A lady whom you consider it as 
your duty to entertain. 1823 Lams E£é/a Ser. u. xxiii. (1865) 
399 My favourite occupations. .now cease to entertain. 1863 
Fr. KEmMBLE Resid. Georgia 55 He entertained me with 
an account of the Darien Society. 
V. To find room for ; to give reception to. 
+11. To admit and contain ; to ‘accommodate ’. 
1622-62 Hry.in Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 277 The most safe and 
capacious Haven .. capable of entertaining the greatest 

avy. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 200 Hot-beds to 
entertain .. exoctick Plants. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 42 
Cut out so much Iron in the Fore and Backsides, as would 
entertain the main Spindle. 1721 Perry Daggenh. Breach 
Title-p., Rendering the Ports of Dover and Dublin Com- 
modious for Entertaining large Ships. 

+12. To give reception to ; to receive (a person). 
Also fig. Sometimes const. zo. Ods. 

1568 Grarron Chrox. II. 659 Divers other .. came humbly 
and submitted themselves, whome he gently enterteined 
& lovingly receyved. 1590 Suaks. Com. Err. i, i. 120 
Since mine owne doores refuse to entertaine me. 1624 Hry- 
woop Gunaik. 1. 37 Ino .. with her sonne Melicerta, were 
entertained into the number of the Sea-gods. 1650 Baxter 
Saints’ R.1.v. (1654) 51 If the King of Israel riding on an 
Ass, be entertained into Jerusalem with Hosanna’s. 1 
Mitton ?. Z. 1v. 382 Hell shall unfould, To entertain you 
two, her widest Gates. ran 

13. To receive as a guest; to show hospitality 
to. Also adsol. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xx. 74, I haue them not onely re- 
ceyued but entreteyned, furnyshed and susteyned, etc. 1513- 
75 Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 102 Directit be our souerane lady 
to intertynie the said ambassatour yntill hir cummyng. 1542 
Uvatt Erasm. Apoph. 2 In receiuyng and interteinyng of 
geastes and straungers. 1641 J. Jackson 7rue Evang. 7. 
1. 93 Thou never gavest me a Kid, to entertaine my friends. 
1677 Hate Contemp. u. 131 This World is little other than 
our Inn to entertain us in our Journey to another Life. 
1781 Gipson Decl. §& F. II. 16 Gregory was entertained in 
the house of a pious and charitable kinsman. 1859 JePHSON 
Brittany xvi. 267 The Emperor was entertained at dinner. 
1880 Mrs. E. Epwarps Pezazi in Macm. Mag. No. 253. 74 
We were in such confusion .. that we could not entertain. 

+14. To give reception (to something) ; to allow 
(something) to enter; to accept (pay, etc.); to 
receive (news, events, etc.) in a certain manner. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 119 And being also 
informed with what great extreamitie you have entertained 
the newes of his losse. 1590 SPENSER F. Q. UL. ix. 6 But 
were your will her sold to entertaine. 1595 MarkHam Sir 
R. Grinvile (Arb.) 77 Abr’ams faire bosome lyes to enter- 
taine it(thy soule]. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World w. iii. § 15 
The Athenians with immoderate joy entertained this happy 
seeming proclamation. 1620 QuarLes Pentelogia in Farr 
S. P. Fas. I (1848) 138 Did thy cheekes entertaine a 
traytor’s lips? 1696 Stannore Chr. Pattern (1711) 74 We 
are to., entertain the most calamitous accidents without 
murmuring or discontent. c1zro C. Marner in Blaikie 
Ministr. Word (1883) 295 To have the truths well enter- 
tained with the auditory. 

b. To admit to consideration (an opinion, argu- 
ment, request, proposal, etc.) ; to receive (an idea) 
into the mind. 

1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 45 But I will suspect a 
novell opinion, of untrueth; and not entertaine it, unlesse, 
etc. 1665 BoyLe Occas. Refi. u. xi. (2675) 130 Who thinks 
it not time to entertain thoughts of Death. 1709 STEELE 
Tatler No. 128 ®7, I..have..entertained the Addresses of 
a Man who I thought lov’d me more than Life. 1875 JowETT 
Plato (ed. 2) I. 409 That is a question which he refuses to 
entertain. 1885 Act 48 Vict. c. 17 § 8 The case shall be 
stated and the appeal entertained and heard. . 

ce. To keep, hold, or maintain in the mind with 
favour ; to harbour; to cherish ; in weaker sense, 
to experience (a sentiment). 

1576 Fieminc Panoflie Ep. 4 Nothing (blame and offence 
excepted) Can chaunce in the life of any man wherein horror 
is harboured, or feare intertained. 1647 Cowtry Mistr., 
Despair ii, When thoughts of Love I entertain, 1711 Ap- 
DISON Sfect. No. 123 ? 5 Leonilla.. entertained .. a secret 
Passion for Florio. 1730 Brerketey Le¢. 7 May, I enter- 
tained some thoughts of cy Re to his Majesty. 1770 
Lancuorne Plutarch (1879) 1. nals The King entertained 
a deep resentment aguines him. 1827 Scotr Hight. Widow 
v, [She] perhaps for the moment aad entertained the 
purpose which she expressed. 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. 
S&. 1. 1. iv. 200 To learn from others, you must entertain 
a respect for them. 


ENTERTAINABLE. 


+15. To encounter, meet with. Ods. rare. 

159t Spenser Virgil's Gnat 563 Th’ Argolicke Power re- 
turning home againe .. Did happie winde and r en- 
i 1 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 29 That he chose 
is owne Executioner, then to entertaine the 
cruell aspect of his Master. . 

+16. To take upon oneself (an obligation, a re- 
lation); to engage in, enter upon (a task). Obs. 


214 
Entertai‘ningness, the quality of being enter- 


taining. 
1621 M. Wrotn Urania 455 He bark’t not..but 
look’d soberly and en ini steward, on the 


ENTHEASTIC. 


Porrer Antig. Greece wu. 1715) 152 Harbours 


of Shi Prxey D, . Breach 122 Sufficient 

+10. Reckptimttet persons rs pepe noe 
; ; mannero. 

1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 66 Hath your hot inter- 


1882 
The question is ably and 
Christm. in Narragan- 


1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 75 Knowing th 
unmeet to entertain wedlock. 1603 Knoties Hist. Turks 
(1621) 277 That the King should .. entertaine that honour- 
able warre. 1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia vi. 221, I was im- 
ploied by many my friends of London to entertaine this 

lantation. 1667-8 Marvett Corr. Wks. 1872-5 IL. 232 

e onely made one order, that the House would entertein 
no new businesse till it be calld over. 1719 W. Woop Surv. 
Trade 10 Trade was first entertain’d. . by little States. 

Entertainable (ento:tanab’l), a. [f- EnTer- 
TAIN ¥.+-ABLE.] Capable of being entertained, 
of being received into the mind. 

1684 CHarnock A?trib. God (1834) I. 113 Whatsoever 
favours the ambition .. of men, is easily entertainable. 

Entertained (entaité'-nd), Af/. a. [f EnTER- 
TAIN v. + -ED1.] In senses of the verb. 

+1, Taken into service ; enlisted. Ods. : 

1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 34 Love that smiled at his 
newe interteined champion. ee , 

2. a. That is receiving hospitality; b. that is 
the object of efforts to amuse or gratify. Chiefly 
absol. 

1856 Miss Yonce Daisy Chain 1. xx. (1879) 206 It was 

erfect delight to entertainers and entertained. 1860 O. W. 

otmes Prof. Breakf.-t. 32 We are the entertainer and the 
entertained. 

Entertainer (entaitZina1). Also 6-7 inter- 
teiner, (6 enterteiner, interteinour). [f. EN- 
TERTAIN 2. + -ER}.] 

1. One who receives a guest; one who shows 
hospitality; a host. Also fg. 

1576 Freminc Panoplie Ep. 116 Democritus Sicyonius is 
.. my friendly interteiner. 1670 Watton Life Wotton 21 
He was a great lover of his neighbours, and a bountiful en- 
tertainer of them. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 2220 Their 
entertainer was very corpulent. 1829 Lytton Désowned 11 
Having thanked his entertainers for their hospitality. 1856 
Mrs. awe Aur, Leigh w. 728 A graceful diner-out 
And entertainer more than hospitable. 

Jig. a1656 Br. Hatt Rem. 89 (T.) We become the re- 
ceptacles and entertainers of his [God’s] good Spirit. 

b. One who admits to consideration (requests 
or proposals) ; one who harbours or cherishes (senti- 
ment, etc.). 

1610 SHAKS. Temp, 1. i. 17 When euery greefe is enter- 
taind, That’s offer’d comes to th’entertainer. 1612-15 Br. 
Hatt Contempl. N. T.1v. xxx, Good purposes, when they 
are not held,..turn enemies to the entertainer of them. 

2. One who or that which furnishes amusement ; 
one who gives a public ‘ entertainment’. 

1535 More Ox the Passion Wks. 1273/2 She was content 
to be talkatiue with a straunger, & wax a proper enterteiner. 
1793 (title), Wonderful Magazine and Marvellous Chronicle, 
or new weekly entertainer. 1870 H. Smart Race for Wife 
i, Conjurors, lecturers, monologue entertainers. 

+3. That which keeps up or promotes, Oés. 

1635 Pacitt Christianogr. (1646) 187 Equality in govern- 
ment is the entertainer of confusion. 

+ Entertainess. Ods. rare—'._ [f. as prec. : 
see -ESS.] A female entertainer ; a hostess. 

1709 E. W. Life Donna Rosina 41 She told her Enter- 
tainess that she was extreamly troubled. 

Entertaining (entaité-nin), vd/. sd. [f. En- 
TERTAIN v.+-1INGI.] The action of the vb. EnrER- 
TAIN, in various senses. 

1568 Grarton Chron. II. 663 What 
entertaynyng of his people brought 
may easely conjecture, 1642 Rocers Naaman 27 Both 
the message of Elisha and Naaman’s entertaining thereof. 
a 1687 Petry Pol. Arith. i. (1691) 30 By this entertaining of 
Strangers for Soldiers, their Country becomes more and more 
peopled. 1883 Atheneum 27 Oct. 534/2, The club expect 
also to have the entertaining of. . distinguished guests. 

attrib, 1791 in Picton L'pool Munic, Rec. (1886) Il. 268 
The present Assembly room was to be appropriated for an 
entertaining room. 

Ente (entasténiy), Ap/. a. [f. as 
prec. + -ING2.] at entertains. 

+1. Affording sustenance, mpportta life. vare. 

1691-8 Norris Pract, Disc. 202 Air Temperate and 
Healthy, the Earth Fruitful and Entertaini ; 

2. Agreeable; interesting ; now chiefly, amusing. 

1697 Cottier Ess. Mor, Suby.1.(1709) 12 For the Presence 
of any desirable Object, we know is more Acceptable and 
Entertaining, than either the Notion or Prospect of it. | 
Berxetey Hylas & Phil. m1. Wks. 1871 I. 339 A ° 
knowledge both useful and entertaining. 1729 BuTLer 
Serm. Wks. 1874 1. 44 The secondary use of speech is to 
please and be entertaining to each other in conversation. 
1796 C. MarsHatt Garden. i, (1813) 6 Of all the employ- 
ments in life, none is more .. entertaining, the culti- 
vation of plants. 1860 Ramsay Kemin. Ser. 1. (ed. 7) 105 
abanormes bas in olden Scottish usage the sense not of 

ig but of interesting, 

+3. That exercises hospitality ; hospitable. rare. 

1659 Pearson Creed(1839) 498 This is the heavenly fellow- 
ship represented unto entertaining Abraham. 

Hence Entertai‘ningly adv., in an entertaining 
manner; in the manner of one who receives 
guests (0ds.); in an interesting or amusing way. 


rofite this gentle 
im to..all men 


iningly 
sett V. 117 54 method known by which you can inspissate 
entertaini into a dull article. 

En ent (entastzinmént). Forms: 
see ENTERTAIN v. [f. ENTERTAIN v. + -MENT.] 

+1. The action of upholding or maintaining. Ods. 

1610 Death Rauil.in Hari. Misc. (Malh.) 111. 114 Letters 
patent. .for the intertainement of the edict made in Nantes, 

+2. The action of maintaining persons in one’s 
service, or of taking persons into service. Also, 
the state or fact of being maintained in or taken 
into service ; service, sig, tag =o Obs. 

15) Houtnsuep Chron. 1. 78/1 The Saxons .. desirous 
of intertainment to serue in warres. 1601 Snaxs. Ad/s 
Well w. i. 17 He must thinke vs some band of strangers, 
i’th aduersaries entertainment. 1604 — O¢h. 1. iii. 250 
Note if your Lady straine his [Cassio’s] Entertainment With 
any strong, or vehement importunitie. 1647 Spricce Anglia 
Rediv. w. vii. (1854) 269 All officers and soldiers that shall 
desire to take entertainment from any foreign kingdom. 
a 1662 Hevuin Laud u. 259 To undertake some Stipendary 
Lecture, wheresoever they could find entertainment. ; 

+b. Provision for the support of persons in 
service (esp. soldiers) ; concr. pay, wages. Obs. 

1535 Act 27 Hen. V/II, c. 11 § 1 The kings clerks .. haue 


| for their enterteinements and their clerkes, no fees nor 


wages certaine for those offices. 
89 The which eighteene thousand pounds will defray the 
entertainment of 1500 Souldiers. 1612 Davies Why /re- 
land, etc. (1787) 24 The Earl of Stafford’s entertainment 
was, for himself six shillings and eight pence per diem. 
1682 Everyn Mem, (1857) Il. 172 Ae other officers, with 
their several salaries and entertainments. 1709 StryPE Ann. 
Ref. Introd. ii. 16 Granting him 2o0s.a day. .towards the en- 
tertainment of an hundred horsemen serving there under him. 

+8. Maintenance ; support ; sustenance. Ods. 

1603 Knoties Hist. Turks (1621) 1391 Lands for the in- 
tertainement of them and their horses. 1692 Ray Dissod. 
World iii. (1732) 36 Most convenient for the Entertainment 
of the various Sorts of Animals. 1705 StannorEe Paraphr. 
III. 468 Creatures .. designed for the Service and Enter- 
tainment of Mankind. 1754 Erskine Princ, Sc. Law (1809) 
89 The expence laid out upon the minor's entertainment. 
1761 Hume Hist. Eng. II. 71 James .. erected a college 
at Chelsea for the entertainment of twenty persons. 

+4. Manner of social behaviour. Ods. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. xii, With hir good maners and swete 
enterteinements. 1 
The maners that to 


1596 Spenser State /re/. 


hisicions belonged, are that thei be of 


gentle entertaynment. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres w. i. 


118 Gouerne them with convenient speeches, and good en- 


| tertainment and curtesie. 


+5. Treatment (of persons). Ods. 

1568 Grarton Chron. 11. 669 He was of the Nobilitie re- 
ceyved, and with all honorable entertainement conveyed to 
the Kinges presence. 1645 Pacrtt Heresiogr. (1662) 45 This 
[viz. burning] was the entertainment that these sectaries had 
in times past. 1660 Bovte Seraphic Love 74 The savage 
entertainment He met with in it [the World). 

+ 6. Discussion of a subject. Ods. 

1675 R. BurtHocce Causa Dei 729 To conclude this 
tedious Entertainment of the Gentile Divinity, I will add, 
etc. 

7. Occupation ; spending (of time). Now rare. 


your 2? 1606 Suaxs. Ant. § CZ. 1m. 
xiii. 140 Get thee bacies to leer, ‘Tell him thy pdt J 
ment. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. u. ix. (1695) 67 According 
to the divers circumstances of Childrens first entertainment 


with any entertainment. 
i. The action of receiving a Also, the 
action of treating as a guest, of providing for the 
wants of a 
1594 Hooker Eccé. Pol. 1. x. (1611) 32 The courteous en- 
tertainment of i 1649 Roserts 
Clavis Bibl. 421 Hezekiah’s entertainment of them with 
pee 1698-9 Luptow Mem. I. 19 (R.) Where [at White- 
Ja constant table was provided for their entertainment. 
1702 J. Locanin Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. UX. 110 The enter- 
tainment has been some his retinue and company 
1 De For Voy. round World (i840) 248 
paniards to let their wi 


Hist. Eng. 1. 385 our h 5 
entertainment. 1883 E. T. Payne in Law Times 27 Oct. 
432/2 The proprietor of [an inn].. undertakes to provide 
or the entertainment of all comers. 

b. concr. Hospitable 


_ for the wants of 
a guest ; esp. provision for the table. Somewhat 
arch. 


1540 in Ellis Orig. Let#. 1. 146. 11. 126 The most bountiful 
gifts, the chere and most gratiouse enterteignment. 1590 
PENSER F, Q. 1. x. 37 His office was to giue entertainement 
And lodging untoaill that came. 1661 Perys Diary 22 Aug., 
To my uncle Fenner’s, where there was .. great deal of 
company, but poor entertainment. — MorcGan Algie 
Il. iv. 260 Provided of all requisite Entertainment for at 
least a Twelvemonth. 1849 JAMES Woodmar: xii, Take order 
that lodging and entertainment be prepared at York. 
ec. A meal; esf.a formal or elegant meal; a 


| banquet. Somewhat rare in recent use. 


J. Jones Bathes Buckstone Pref. 3 | 


ex d Suaks. 7imon 1. ii. 153 You have done our pleasures 
Much grace (faire Ladies) Set a faire fashion on our enter- 
tainment. 1669 Marvett Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 285 A Bill 
.. against giving of interteinments of meat or drink. 168 
R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 89 The Entertainment is, Leaves 
..Which they eat raw, with Lime and -nut, 1766 
Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxxii, A very genteel entertainment .. 
dressed by Mr. Thornhill’s cook. ¢ 1775 Burke Sf. Durat. 
Pari. Wks. X. 81 Entertainments, ings, open houses. 
1841 Lane Arad. Nis. 1. 90 When the man returned from 
an entertainment. 


12. +a. The action of accepting (a present or 
proposal); the receiving in a certain manner 
(news, events, etc.) ; the ‘reception’ (esp. favour- 


_ able reception, welcome), ¢.g. of a newly published 


1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. 1. iiijb, What familiar occu- | 


ieng and enterteynement there is amonge y* people. 1588 
Suaxs. L.L. LZ. v. i. 126 Sir Holofernes, as concerning some 
entertainment of time. 1860 Mot.ey Netherd, (1868) I. iii. 
91 A dallying entertainment of the time, 

8. The action of occupying (a person’s) attention 
agreeably ; interesting employment ; amusement. 

1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit, xxviii. (1627) 282 An Oration by 
the highest, to giue the visitours intertainment. 1 tr. 
Keysler’s Trav. (1760) 111. 123 A person who is fond of 
seeing natural curiosities cannot but meet here with the 
highest entertainment. Co Aids Refi. (1850) 
Introd. 47 He who seeks to instruction in the following 

es, will not fail to find entertainment likewise. 
iuumotr Pleas, Lit, xxi. 123 Biography... furnishes enter- 
tainments to the reader, 
b. That which affords interest or amusement. 

1659 Gentil. Cail. (1696) 83 Other Mens [Affairs] .. are 
the usual entertainment of those that neglect their own. 
1683 Drypen Life Plutarch 80 It [history] has alwayes 
been the most delightful entertainment of my life. 1713 
Steeve Sfect. No. 423 ? 1 Gloriana shall be the name of the 
Heroine in to Day's Entertainment, 1756 Burke Sudi. § 
B. ut. iv, These fine descriptive pieces .. have been the 

ntertainment of ages. xp Aristotle's Logic iv. § 3. 

1 His appetite for this kind of entertainment. 

¢. esp, A public performance or exhibition in- 
tended a ene or amuse, 

Jounson (1755) assigns to the word a specific application 
to ‘the lower comedy’; in recent use it often yaar an 


. 2 © - . 4 of vari » as wi 
music is intermixed with recitations, feats of skill, etc. 

1727 J. THurmonp seas The Miser; or Wagner and 
Ab k, AGr ntertainment. 1806-7 J. Berrs~ 
vorD Miseries Hum. Life (1826) v. xiii, The entertainments 
at Astley’s or the Circus. 7 Emerson Repr, Men, Shaks. 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 353 Importunate for dramatic entertainments, 


188x Saintssury Dryden 18 Davenant succeeded in 
curing permission from the P; a te give wink woeld 
now be called entertainments. 


9. The accommodation of anything in a recep- 
tacle. Ods, 


book, of a new idea or doctrine, etc. Obs. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 124 By patient suf- 
ferance, and entertainment Bod cae A 1612 RowLanps 
More Knaues Yet 31 If a bribe doe entertainement finde. 
1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) Introd. 4 By the welcome 
and kind entertainment of my first etc. Br. Haut 
the lens heal, by how much we are freprepared “or thet 
the less heavily, ow much we are 
entertainment. 1672 Tittotson in Wilkins Nat. Redéj 
Pref., The ensuing treatise ,. needs nothi 
way for its entertainment. as His 
Forgery met with good Entertainment. 1747 S. Switzer 
Pract. Gardiner xxxvii. 196 The Scorzonera has of late 
with great entertainment at the tables of the curious. 

b. The taking into consideration ; entering upon 
the discussion (of a question). 


1841 Myxrs Cath, Th. 1. § 13. 253 Men will grow more 


and more averse to the entertainment of questions which, etc, 
¢c. The cherishing (an idea) in the mind. 
1841 Miaut Vor 1,17 The deliberate entertainment 


of this selfish design. 

En e, -tangle, -tear: see EnTER- pref. 
and INTER-. 

Entertise, var. of LyrerpicE, Ods, 

Entertissue: see Iyrer-. 

Enterval, -view, obs. forms of INTERVAL, 
INTERVIEW. 

Enterwarn: see ENTER- 


Torsety Si 627 His shield an hundred Snakes, 
his Fathers crest, An Hydra in their compass is entest. 
+ En’ a. Obs, [f. as next +-aL.] = next. 


1736 in Baiey ; 1847 in Craic; and in mod. 


3794 T. Tay.or tr. Plotinus Introd. 23 The entheastic (or 
such as are agitated by a divine —tr. Pausanias' 


ENTHEATE. 


Greece III, 266 Wisdom. .delivered..entheastically, or ac- 
cording to a deific energy. 

+Entheate, a. Ots. Also 7 entheat. [ad. 
L. entheat-us, pa. pple. of *entheare, f. entheus : 
see next.] Possessed or inspired by a god. 

¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawt. Poems Wks. 29/2 Stars. .en- 
theate from above, Their sovereign Prince laud, glorify, 
adore. 1640 W. Hopcson Commend. Verses in B. ‘Seasons 
Wks., His Genius justly in an Entheat Rage, Oft lash’t the 
dull—sworn Factors for the Stage. 

|| E-ntheos, -us. Ods. rare. [a. L. entheos, -us, 
Gr. eos divinely inspired, f. év in + eds god. 

The use by Eng. authors appears to be suggested by some 
such L, phrase as extheus ardor.} hoe 

An indwelling divine power; inspiration. 

5g . Dickenson Arisbas (1878) 78 The diuine Entheos 
.-Should be affoorded to other nations. c¢ 1595 — Sheph. 
Compl. (1878) 23 Matchlesse perfections, wrought in them 
by vertue of a diuine Entheos. 1782 J. Scotr Painting 

ks. (Anderson) 770 Without the Entheus Nature’s self 
bestows, The sae no painter nor no poet knows. 

Hence + Entheous a, [+-ous.] divinely in- 
spired, 

1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 33 Men ofa more 
/€thereal and Entheous temper. 

Enthetic (enpe'tik), a. A/ed. [ad.Gr. évOerix-ds, 
f, évOe- aor. stem of év7iOéva, f. &v in+ TiBévae to 
place.]_ Put in; introduced from without. Said 
of ‘diseases produced by inoculation or implanta- 
tion, and especially syphilitic diseases’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex.), 

1867 Abyss. Exped. in Standard 23 Nov., Most danger is 
to be apprehended from the outbreak of epidemics—of 
smallpox, cholera, and enthetic disease. 1888 Sir M. 
Mackenzie Frederick the Noble 226 The man. .urged that 
the disease might be of an enthetic character. 

Enthirst : see En- pref) 2. 

Enthraldom (enpro-ldem). rare. [f. En- 
THRALL v. + -DOM.] ‘The state or condition of 
being enthralled. 77. and fig. 

164x Jer. Burroucus Ser. 19 Tending .. to the enthral- 
dome of the estates, liberties, consciences of their posteritie. 
1715 M. Daviss A th. Brit.1. 223 Fullof marks of their Popish 

nthraldom. 1843 Tazt’s Mag. X. 559 It is not yours to 
weep The land’s enthraldom. 1884 Pudlic Opinion 5 Sept. 
289/1 The emancipation of multitudes of men and women 
from their enthraldom to a vitiated appetite. 

Enthral(1 (enpro:l), 7. Also in-. [f. Ex-1+ 
THRALL sé. 

The sb. thrad/ may here be taken in either of its two senses, 
‘slave’ and ‘slavery.’] 

1. “vans. To reduce to the condition of a thrall ; 
to hold in thrall; to enslave, bring into bondage. 
Now rare in lit. sense. 

a. 1656 Cowtey Pindar. Odes, Brutus iii, Ingrateful 
Cesar who could Rome enthrall. 1659 PEarson Creed 
(1839) 52 Aransom is..that which is detained, or given for 
the releasing of that which is enthralled. 1777 Watson 
Philip II (1839) 321 The danger. .of being again enthralled 
by theSpaniards. 1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) I. xxv, lam 
free ! No one shall enthrall me. 

B. a, ea Hist, World 1. 39 Those people, which 
he [the Turk] hath subjected and inthralled. 1636 E. 
Dacres tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy 1. 495 It is as hard and 
dangerous. .to inthrall a people, that would live free. 

2. fig. To ‘enslave’ mentally or morally. Now 
chiefly, to captivate, hold spellbound, by pleasing 
qualities, 

a. 1576 Newton tr. Lemnie’s Complex. (1633) 170 Aman 
should not give over or enthrall his credit and honour to 
Harlots. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N. 1. i. 142 So is mine eye 
enthralled to thy shape, 1695 Lp. Preston Boeth. 1. 177 
Vice doth enthral Men’s strongest Powers. 1797 Mrs. Rap- 
cLiFFE /talian xvii, He was inclined to Gaieve that a 
stratagem had enthralled him. a@ 1839 Praep Poemrs (1864) 
II. 123 And M—, in that simple dress, Enthralls us more 
by studying less, 1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 136 He 
was enthralled by the wizard spell of the orator. 

B. 1603 Dantet Def Rhime (1717) 12 Seeking to please 
our Ear, we inthral our Judgment. 1636 Heatey 7hco- 
Phrast., Impert. Diligence 53 This fellow perswades him 
not so much to inthrall himsel fe to his Physicians directions. 
cr Prior Poems (1866) 12 She soothes, but never can 
inthral my mind. a@ 1803 Beattis Hermit (R.), Spring 
shall return, and a lover bestow And sorrow no longer thy 
bosom enthrall. 1859 Kincstry Raleigh Misc. I. 30 The 
sense of beauty inthralls him at every step.» 1876 BANCROFT 
Hist. U.S. 1. xviii. 516 To inthrall his mind by the influ- 


ences of religion, 
Hence Enthra‘lled #//. a. Enthrarller, one 


who enthralls. Enthra‘ling 7é/. sd. and f#/. a. 
tg9r SHaks. 720 Gent, 11. iv. 134 Loue hath chas’d sleepe 
from my enthralled eyes. 1600 Hottanp Livy m1. xxiv. 59 
The enthralled debtors .. were immediatlie by name en- 
rolled. 1644 Mitton Aveof. (Arb.) 75 Through our. . back- 
wardnes to recover any enthrall’d peece of truth out of the 
ipe of custom. 1640-4 in Rushw. Hist. Cod/. im (1692) 
tc The subjecting and inthralling all Ministers under 
them. 1669 Coxatnr Poems 149 Her sweetest mouth. .[is] 
All hearts enthraller. x Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. 
VIII. 311 With an enthralled world to labour for them. 1820 
Scort Monast. xiii, Those of the Sxcken, or enthralled 
ground, were liable in penalties. 1871 Macpurr Memnz. 
pi ora xiv. 195 To break loose from the enthralling chains 
eart. 


Enthralment (enprd-Imént). [f. Enraraty v. 
+-MENT.] The action of enthralling; the state 
of being enthralled; slavery; sometimes in #/. 
Chiefly fig. 


16x Sprep Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xvi. § 2t The King of France 
might seeme to haue sustained a grieuous losse by the en- 


215 


thralment of this Duke. 1636 tr. F/orus 258 Cataline.. 
was thrust into a treason for inthralment of his native 
Countrey. 1645 Mitton Tetrach. (1851) 187 Ther can be 
neither peace, nor joy, nor love, but an enthrallment. 1794 
G. Waxerietp Dk. of York 33 To weep over the enthral- 
ment of our species. 1805 Wansew. Pret, (1850) 87 Life, In 
its late course of even days with all Their amooth enthral- 
ment, 1818 Keats Exdym. 1. 798 There are. .enthralments 
far More self-destroying, 1828 D’Israeti Chas. /, 1. iv. 77 
This tenderness in all probability was but the tempora 

enthralment of the eyes. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. V. 

Index 545 [Religious freedom] rises from inthralments of 
the hand of violence. 

+Enthri‘ll, v. 0ds. [f. En-1+ Turi vz] 
trans. To pierce. 

1559 SACKVILLE Mirr, Mag., Induct. Ri. liii, Pale Death 
Enthrylling it {her brest] to reue her of her breath. 1893 
Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 182 The yron fist, that holds out 
nought but a knife to enthrill vs. 

Enthrone (enpran), v. Also 7-8 inthrone. 
[f. Ex-1+ Tarone: cf. F. enthroner (Cotgr.).] 

1. trans. To seat on a throne; es. to set (a king, 
bishop, etc.) on a throne as a formal induction to 
office ; to invest with regal or episcopal authority. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. § CZ. ut. vi. 5 Cleopatra and himselfe in 
Chaires of Gold Were publikely enthron’d. 1651 BAXTER 
Inf. Bapt., A King is .. King ..incompleatly till he be 
solemnly Crowned and Inthroned. 1726 Ayuirre Parere. 
63 This Pope..was no sooner elected and enthron’d in 
France..but that he, etc. 1848 Macavtay /Visé. Eng. 1. 
135 He was not crowned and anointed in Westminster Abbey, 
but was solemnly enthroned. 1876 Green Short Hist. ili. 
119 [The] Bishop of Norwich was elected by the monks of 
Canterbury at his bidding and enthroned as Primate. 

Jig. a@1628 Sir J. Beaumont /fifh. in Farr S. P. Yas. [ 
(1848) 143 There pride, enthroned in misty errours, dwels, 
1727 THOMSON Simmer 400 One [maid], chief, in gracious 
dignity inthron’d Shines o’er the rest. @ 1790 WARTON 
Enthusiast (R.), Where happiness and quiet sit enthron’d. 
1844 STANLEY A rnold (1858) II. 148 To enthrone the very 
mystery of falsehood and iniquity. 1868 Miss Brappon 
Dead-Sea F, 11. ix, 211 If she seem an angel to you, en- 
throne her in your heart of hearts, 

2. To set as on a throne; to place in a high 
position, exalt. 

1699 Appison /mit. Milton 42 By every God that sits 
enthroned on high, 1856 StanLey Sinai & Pad. iii. (1858) 
171 Enthroned..on a mountain fastness. @ 1859 MACAULAY 
Hist. Eng. V. 300 In every parish from Mile End to Saint 
James's was to be seen enthroned on the shoulders of stout 
Protestant porters a pope. 

Hence + Enthrona‘tion, OJs., in 7 inthrona- 
tion, the action of enthroning. Enthro‘ned ///. 
a., in 8 inthroned. 

161r Speen /7ist. Gt. Brit. x. i. § 10 The antique Regall 
Chaire of Inthronation. @ 1711 Ken Div. Love Wks. (1838) 
247 Glory be to thee, O Love inthroned! 

‘Enthronement (enprownmént). Also 7 in-. 
[f.as prec. +-MENT.] a. The action of enthroning ; 
esp. the ceremony of enthroning a king or bishop. 
b. The fact of being enthroned. 

1685 Addr. Virginia in Lond. Gaz. No. 2051/2 Your 
Majesties peaceable and safe Inthronement in your Right- 
ful and Lawful Imperial Seat. 1878 Spurcron Tyeas. Daz. 
Ps, exviii. 24 The day of David’s enthronement was the be- 
ginning of better times. 1885 Manch. Exam. g Apr. 5/3 It 
was at Bishop Temple’s own request that his enthronenient 
. took place so early in the morning. 

+ Enthro'ng, inthrovng, v. Ods. rare. [f. 
Ey-1, In- + THrone sé. and v.] a, zntr. To 
crowdin. b. ¢rans. To encircle ina throng, beset. 

1600 Farrrax Tasso xv. xli, The seas betwixt those Isles 
inthrong. /éid. xix. xxxvii, His people like a flowing 
streame inthrong. 1603 FLorio Montaigne m1. xiii. (1632) 
62 Alcibiades. .enthronged by his enemies, 

Enthroning (enprownin), vd/. sh. [f. En- 
THRONE v.+-ING1.] The action of the verb En- 
THRONE ; the action of formally inducting a king 
or bishop to office; =ENTHRONEMENT. Also fig. 

1668 WiLkins Real Char. 295 Coronation, inthroning, is 
solemnity of King-making, or King-declaring. tr. 
Dupin's Eccl. Hist, 11. 32 These two letters were written 
a little while after the Enthroning of George. 1705 STAN- 
HoPE Paraphr. 111.94 Of that Enthroning the Holy Ghost 
shed abroad .. was a_ convincing Demonstration. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 651 The enthroning of Henry the 
Fourth. . : 

Enthronization (enprownoizzifon). Forms: 
6 intronyzacion, -izacion, 6-8 inthronization, 
7- enthronisation, -ization. [f. ENTHRONIZE + 
-ATION.] = ENTHRONEMENT. Also fig. and attrib. 

1517 TORKINGTON Pilger. (1884) 1t A Riche Cappe which 
every Duk ys Crowned with at hys ffirst Intrononyzacions. 
1552 Bate AfZo/. 96 The feast of Sathans intronizacion. 
1574 Life zoth Abp. Canterb. Aviij, The installinge off 
Archbisshopps his predecessors (which they commonly call 
inthronization). 1614 SELDEN Titles Hon. 147 The Great 
Sophi hath at his inauguration a kind of miter horn’d put 
on by his Chaliph, at his inthronization. 1656 Trapp Come. 
Acts xiii. 9 Popes..change their names at their enthroniza- 
tion. 1x Aron-bimn, 3 All Israel shall be invited to 
wait upon the Solemnity ofits [the sacred Ark’s] Inthroniza- 
tion. 1750 Hopces Evihuw (1755) Prel. Disc. 77 In this 
vision we have a representation of the. .inthr ion of 


ENTHUSIASM. 


+ Enthronize, v. Ols. exc. arch. Forms: 
a. 4 entronize, 6-7 enthronise, (-oanize, 
-onishe), 6-8 enthronize. 8. 4-6 intronise, -ze, 
6-7 inthronise, -yse. fad. OF. introniser 
(13the, in Littré) ad. late L. zut(h)ronizare, ad. 
Gr. évOpovicey, f. év in +.Opévos THRONE. 

In the poetical examples the accent is variously e'nthronize, 
enthro'nize; the former accords best with mod. analo- 
gies.] 

1. trans, =ENTHRONE v.11. Also fig. and ref. 

a. 7393 Gower Conf. III. 167 What emperour was entro- 
nized The firste day of his corone. 1863-87 Foxe A. & J/. 
(1684) II. 437 Hein his whole pomp mitred sat there enthron- 
ized. 1594 J. Dickenson A risbas (1878) 41 Chastitie sate en- 
thronizde as gardian of her lookes. 1609 Br. Bartow Answ. 
Nameless Catholic 304 Kings are enthroanized by Diuine 
ordinance. 1646 J. Hatt Poems 78 With what grace Doth 
mercy sit enthroniz’d on thy face! 1651 GataKer Parkes 
in Fuller Ade? Rediv. (1867) 11. 16 The first [archbishop] 
that..was enthronized in that seat. 

. 1393 Gower Cor/. I. 254 Thus was he pope canonised 
with great honour and intronised. 1460 Carcrave Chron. 
252 And aftir him [Urban] was intronized Bonifacius 
the IX. 1579 Furke Heskins’ Parl, 296 The reuerend 
M. Doctor Heskins..inthronized in his Doctours chayer. 
1637 PockttnGton A/tare Chr. 28 Ambition to step up into 
the highest roomes and seats, and there to inclose and in- 
thronize themselves. 1685 Acc. Coron. in Lond. Gaz. No. 
2028/2 Te Deum being Sung, He Ascended the Throne, and 
being Inthronized, the Arch-Bishops, etc. 1838 Rubric 
Coron, Q. Vict. in Maskell Aon, Rit. HI. 123 The Queen 
will ascend the Theatre, and be lifted up into her Throne 
.. being Inthronized, or placed therein. 

2. To set as on a throne; to place in a high 
position, exalt ; to raise in dignity. 

a. 1583 GoLpInG Calin on Deut. clxxi, 1063 Enthronished 
with the Angels of Paradise. 1614 R. TAttor Hog hath 
lost Pearly. in Haz). Dodsley XI. 485 Here sits enthronis’d 
The sparkling diamond. 1623 Drum. or Hawtn. Cypress 
Grove Wks, 125 The sun enthronized in the midst of the 
planets. a 1711 Ken /Zymns Festiv', Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 259 
An heav’nly Mind can never miss, To sit like Jesus enthron- 
iz'd in Bliss, 

. 1557 Primer, Laudes Bij, O Glorious floure of woman- 
hed Above the sterres inthronised. 1614 Ratricu /Vis¢. 
World 11. 378 Now inthronized he sits on high, In golden 
Palace of the starry Skie. 

Hence Enthronized ///. a., 
vl. sb. 

1572 N. Roscarrock in Bossewell A»morie Prel. Verses, 
Thenthronizing of Ioue. rg8x J. Bett //addon’s Answ. 
Osor. 305 b, After the enthronizyng of Hildebrand.. Kynges 
were called Kynges onely in name. 1601 Br. Bartow Ser, 
Paules Crosse 25 The inthronising and deposing of Princes, 
is Gods onely prerogative royall. 1640 HoweLt Dodona’s 
Grove 58 The newly enthroniz’d Oke. a 1734 Nortu Exam. 
M1. Vv. § 27 (1740) 332 The heroic Carriage. .of some of the en- 
thronised Clergy. 1871 R. Extis Catudlus xxxiv. 6 Latonia, 
thou that art Throned daughter of enthronis’d Jove. 

Enthunder: see En- pref! 3. 

Enthuse (enpiz-z), v. U.S. (collog. or humor- 
ous.) [An ignorant back-formation from ENTHUS- 
TASM.] a. ¢vans. To kindle with enthusiasm. b. 
intr. To grow enthusiastic ; to go into ecstasies. 

1869 Ohio newspaper in N.§ Q. Ser. wv. IV. 512 The only 
democrat whose nomination could enthuse the democracy 
of Ohio. 1872 Lytton Pavistans 1. viii, The American... 
whispered ..‘I am_not without a kinkle that you will be 
enthused’, 1880 Grant Confess. Frivolous Girl iv. 180, 
ITadmit he began toenthuse a little. 1887 H. P. Kimpat. 
in Pall Mall G. 22 June 5/1, I don’t get enthused at all, 
sir, over all this Greek business. 

+ Enthu'siac, 2. Ods. In 7 -aque. [f. Gr. évOov- 
cia (correctly inferred from its derivatives: see 
ENTHUSIASM) + -AC.] Causing prophetic ecstasy. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1321 These Enthusiaque 
and divining spirits. 

+Enthu'sian. és. [f. as prec. + -an.] =En- 
THUSIAST I. 

162t Burton Anat, Mel. m1. iv. 1. iii. (1676) 406/1 Of 
Prophets, Enthusians and Impostors, our Ecclesiastical 
stories afford many examples. 1692 in Cotes. 1707 E. 
Warp Hudibras Rediv, (1715) 1. viii, Those..confusions, 
Occasioned by such vile Enthusions [séc] Who had already 
robb’d the Throne. ; 

Enthusiasm (enpiz-zijéz’m). Also 7 enthu- 
siasme, (entousiasm, 8 enthysiasm). [ad. late 
L. enthistasm-us, Gr. évOovo.acpés, f. évOovard- 
(ev, f. évOovcia (Zonaras Lex.) the fact of being 
évOeos possessed by a god. Cf. Fr. enthouszasme. 

The word évOovata has been explained by Leo Meyer as 
for *evOeovaia, abstr. sb. f. *€v@eovvr- stem of pr. pple. of 
*évOeetv to be evOeos.] . ‘ 

+1. Possession by a god, supernatural inspira- 
tion, prophetic or poetic frenzy; an occasion or 
manifestation of these. Oéds. 

[1579 E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Oct. Argt., A 
certaine év@ovgvaguds and _celestiall inspiration. 1608 
Syivester Du Bartas 210,1 feel the vertue of my spirit 
decayed, The Enthousiasmos of my Muse allaid.] 1603 
Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1342 The Demons use to make 
their prophets and prophetesses to be ravished with an En- 
thusi or divine fury. 1620 J. Pyrer tr. Hist. Astrea 


Enthronizing 


the Lamb. 38: vaser's Mag, XVII. 628 Unanimous 
enthronisation o' nius above surrounding and inferior 
men. 1860 FREER Somy IV, II. m. iii. 318 Opposite, was 
a chair... for the occupation of the king before his enthroniza- 
tion, 1879 W. Bennam Meme. Tait 454 Immediately after 
the enthronisation the Archbishop and his family went to 
Lambeth. 

attrib, 175 Mittes in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 116 nore, 
The enthronization-feast of archbishop Neville. 


1. v. 146 The Bacchanals runne thorow the streets raging 
and storming, full of the Enthusiasme of their god. 1651 
Baxter /nf. Baft. 87 Doth he think they knew it by En- 
thusiasm or Revelation from Heaven? 1674 Hickman Hist. 

uinguart. (ed. 2) 8 Nothing made the Anabaptists so in- 
cones their pretended enthusiasms or revelations. 1693 
Urqunart Radedais im. Prol., It is my sole Entousiasm. 
1807 Rosinson Archzol. Greca i. xii. 253 The second sort 
of Geomavres, . were such as pretended to enthusiasm, 


ENTHUSIAST. 


. +b. (cf. 3.) Poetical fervour, impassioned mood 
or tone. Ods. 


Drvpen Fuvenal Pref. (J.), Poetry, kind of en- 
anes or Ben di > pny yes 


to us that we behold, etc. 1779-81 Jounson L, P., C 
Wks. II. 70 He [Cowley] was the first who i to 
English bers the i of the gr ode, and 


the gaiety of the less, 

2. Fancied inspiration; ‘a vain confidence of 
divine favour or communication’ (J.). In 18th c. 
often in vaguer sense : Ill-regulated or misdirected 
religious emotion, extravagance of religious specu- 
lation. arch. ree 

1660 H. More Myst. God?, To Rar., If ever Christianity 
be exterminated, it will be by Enthusiasme. 1711 SHAFTESB. 
Charac. § 7 (1737) 1. 3 Inspiration is a real feeling of the 
Divine Pi » po y nthusi: a false one. 1747 Dopp- 
rivce Life Col. Gardiner § 137. 163 There is ly such 
a Thing as Enthusiasm, against which it becomes the true 
Friends of the Revelation to be diligently on their Guard. 
1766 Watrote Let. 10 Oct., Towards the end he [Wesley] 
exalted his voice and acted very ugly enthusiasm. 1772 
Priestiey /nst. Relig. (1782) 1. 121 nthusiasm [makes us] 
imagine that we are the peculiar favorites of the divine 
being. 1829 I. Taytor Lnthus. ii. (1867) 20 The most 
formal and lifeless devotions. .are mere enthusiasm unless, 
etc. 3841-4 Emerson Ess. Over-Soud Wks. (Bohn) I. 118 
Everywhere the history of religion betrays a tendency to 
enthusiasm. ; . 

8. The current sense: Rapturous intensity of 
feeling in favour of a person, principle, cause, etc. ; 
passionate eagerness in any pursuit, proceeding 
from an intense conviction of the worthiness of the 


object. 

1716 Kennett in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 429 IV. 306 The 
King of Sweden..must have much more enthusiasm in him 
to put it in execution. 1766-7 Mrs. S. Pennincton Lett. 
III. 167 Different religions have introduced prejudices, En- 
thusiasms, and Scepticisms. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt I. xviii. 
282 A passion for glory which was nothing short of enthu- 
siasm. 1808 Sir JoHN Moore in Jas. Moore Cam. Spain 
76 The armies you see are also without enthusiasm, or 
even common obstinacy. 18r7 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange 
Life Il. i. 1x Enthusiasm is very catching, especially when 
it is very eloquent. 1863 
Greece I. ii. 56 Enthusiasm for the ideals of his country and 
of humanity. 

Enthusiast (enpi/‘zi,zst). [ad. Gr. évOovc.acr- 
ns, f. évOovorafay (see prec.). Cf. Fr. enthou- 
staste.] 

+1. One who is (really or peg be possessed 
by a god; one who is under the influence of pro- 
phetic frenzy. Also fig. Obs. 

a ~— Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 162 So did 
those Enthusiasts amongst the Pagans deliver that. . wherof 
they had no..apprehension. 1660 Sti-LincrL. /rem. 1. v. 
(1662) 96 Their proper Enthusiasts as the Sybils, and the 
Pythian Prophetess. 1677 W. Hussarp Narrative u. 48 
The Indians..will not as yet return any of our Captive 
Friends, till God speak to the foresaid Enthusiasts [two 
sagamores claiming divine inspiration]. 

he. 1647 Crasuaw Music's Duel Poems go She is placed 
Above herself—Music’s enthusiast ! 1700 Drypen A/ex- 
ander's Feast 163 The sweet enthusiast from her sacred 
store Enlarg’d the former narrow bounds, 

2. ta. transl. Lat. Zuthusiasta: In Eccl. Hist. 
the designation of a sect of heretics of the fourth 
century, who pretended to special revelations. Obs. 
(the Lat. form is now used 7st.) 


Mary Howrrr tr. #. Bremer’s | 


1637 Hieron Wks. I. 82 There were in the elder times | 


certaine heretiques called Enthusiasts, which. .contemned 
the written word. 1639 F. Rosarts God's Holy H. x. 75 
The haeresie of the Messalini otherwise called Euchites 
and Enthusiastes. p : 

b. gen. One who erroneously believes himself 
to be the recipient of special divine communica- 
tions ; in wider sense, one who holds extravagant 
and visionary religious opinions, or is character- 
ized by ill-regulated fervour of religious emotion. 

(Pagitt and other 17th c. writers give enthusiasts as the 
actual name of a contemporary sect of Anabaptists; but 
this is ey a misapprehension.) 

1609 DownaM Chr. Liberty 27 If there be no freedom in 
our wills before we be called, then belike..we must look 
with the Enthusiasts for violent raptures, 1614 T. ADams 
Devils Banquet 328 Sottish Enthusiastes condemne all 
learning, all premeditation. 1665 GLanvitt Sceps. Sci. xiii. 
73 Hence we may derive the Visions, Nore evelations 

the Enthusiast. 1746 Westey Princ. Methodist 54 It is 
the believing those to be Miracles which are not, that con- 
stitutes an Enthusiast. 1806 Eart Westmortp. in Cobbett 
Pari, Deb, V1. 230 Atheists, enthusiasts, jaco! n 
such descriptions of persons. a R. Vaucuan Mystics 
(1860) II, 164 This very Chi of Rome incarcerated 
Molinos and Madame Guyon as dangerous enthusiasts. 

3. One who is full of ‘enthusiasm’ (see Enruvu- 
SIASM 3) for a cause or principle, or who enters 
with enthusiasm into a uit. Const. for, in, 
of, tto. Sometimes with unfavourable notion 
(transf. from 2b.): A visionary, self-deluded n. 


In it use the pea oe oe sense is more uent 
than in the case of the related words EnrnusiasM En- 
THUSIASTIC. 

1764 Goipsmitu Hist, Eng. in Lett. (1772) I. An 

husiast to the discipline of the field. 1769 Funius Lett. 


xxxv. 158 Hardly serious at first, he is now an ent 


216 


1896 Sm B. Baovie Peychol. Ing. I. i. 96 The energy and 
sincerity of enthusiasts is inallages. 1878 Mortey 
Carlyle in Crit, Mise, 198 The arbitrary enthusiast for ex- 


‘| Sometimes defined by the context in its etymo- 
logical sense, in order to give a different com- 
plexion to its use in sense 2 or 3. 

¢ 1771 Frercner 4th Check Wks. 1795 III. 59 The true 
E rt those who are ingens by the grace and 
love of God. 1879 R. H. Smirn in Sunday Mag. 507 He 
was an enthusiast in the best and truest sense a ap 
for he was filled with the fulness of God. 

4. attrib. or adj, That is an enthusiast; pertain- 
ae. ag an enthusiast, enthusiastic. 

168: Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 88 The enthusiast 
maid of Hatfeild predicted the royall blood should be poy- 
soned. 1742 Cottins Ode Pity 29 Shall raise a wild enthu- 
siast heat, 1862 THornsury 7urner II. 325 In a room that 
resembled the miserable Barry's, he lived his enthusiast life. 

Enthusiastic (enpi#:zi,«'stik), a. and sd. [ad. 
Gr. évOovaracrix-ds, f. evOovardfay : see prec] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to enthusiasm, full of 
or characterized by enthusiasm. 

+1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, possession 
by adeity. Also fig. Obs. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1348 For an instrument. . 
to set it [divination] aworke, we allow a spirit or winde, and 
an exhalation enthusiasticke. 7 Crasnaw Poems 112 
Enthusiastic flames, such as can give Marrow to my plump 
genius, 1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 1. ut. i. 12 The Forme.. 
wherein the first Divine Poesie was delivered, was En- 
thusiastic. 1849 Fitzceratp tr. Whitaker's Disp. 295 We 
do not speak of any enthusiastic influence of the Spirit. 

+2. Pertainingto, characterized by, or of the 
nature of mystical delusions in religion. Ods. 

1690 Tempte Ess. Heroic Virtue Wks. 1731 I. 220 Being 
built upon Foundations wholly Enthusiastick, and thereby 
very unaccountable to common Reason. 1727 Swirt Let. 
Eng. Tongue, During the usurpation .. an infusion of en- 
thusiastic Fo a prevailed. 1748 Hartiey Odserv. Man 
1. ii. 194 The several Enthusiastic Sects that arise from 
time to time among Christians. 

+b. transf. Irrational, ‘quixotic’. Ods. 

1692 Drypen St. Euremont’s Ess. 34 The Decii who 
sacrificed themselves for the good of a Society whom they 
went to forsake, seem to me truly enthusiastick. 2775 
Jounson Tax. no Tyr, 10 An absurd and enthusiastic! 
contempt of interest. 

3. Of feelings, convictions, etc.: That is of the 
nature of, that amounts to, ENTHUSIASM 3; in- 
tensely ardent, rapturous. Of persons, their tem- 
peraments, actions, language, etc. : Characterized 
by or manifesting ENTHUSIASM 3. 

ad Burxe W. Hastings Wks. 1813 XII. 401 Their 
military and enthusiastick spirit. 1791 — Lett. Member 
Nat, Assemb. Wks. VI. 39 A style, rely animated, en- 
thusiastick. 1793 Gouv. Mona in Sparks Life & Writ. 
(1832) II. 276 ‘The English will be wound up to a pitch of 
enthusiastic horror against France. 1808 Sir Joun Moore 
in Jas. Moore Camp. Spain (1809) 294 In aid of an enthu- 
siastic brave people. 1841 Lane Arad. Nts. 1. 72 Enthu- 
siasticadmirers ofliterature. 1876 Green Short Hist, vii. 361 
A burst of enthusiastic joy hailed the accession of Elizabeth. 

+ B. sb. = ENTHUSIAST 1, 2 b. Obs. 

1610 Heaey St. Aug. Citie of God 56 There we saw En- 
thusiastikes, persons rapt with fury. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. (1677) 326(T.), The dervis and othensantoons, or en- 
thusiasticks. 1692 Lutrrett Brief Rel.(1857) I. 547 Some 
troopes were ordered to suppresse and seize upon the ring- 
leaders of these enthusiasticks. 1707 E. Warp //ud. Rediv. 
(1715) II. 1x, Enthusiasticks flock’d in Shoales, To fight, 
not for their Lives, but Souls. 

Enthusia‘stical, «. [f. prec. +-aL.] 

+1. Of the nature of possession by a deity; = 
EntHusiastic 1, Ods. rare. 

a 1652 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. vi. 183 This way of communi- 
cating truth to the souls of men is originally nothing else 
but prophetical or enthusiastical. 

2. = ENTHUSIASTIO 2. Ods. . 

1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. (1712) a, ‘e are speaking 
now of Enthusiastical Sanguine. 1677 W. Hussarp Nar- 
rative 11. 61 Squando .. that Enthusiastical, or rather Dia- 
bolical Miscreant. bai Putter Moder. Ch. Eng. (1843) 
This one enthusiastical conceit of the ‘ Light within’. 1696 
C, Lesiiz Snake in Grass (697) 92 The .. Enthusiastical 
Murthers, Rapines, and Outrage of the Zealots. pa But- 
Ler Serm. 1874 II. 174 The subject is a one? 
there is nothing in it enthusiastical or unreasonable. 1752 
Carte Hist, Eng. 11. 82 The enthusiastical and seditious 
opinions Muncer and the Anabaptists. a 1847 Mrs. 
Suerwoop Lady of Manor 1. ix. 401 A set of enthusiastical 
Methodists. 

+b. ¢ransf. Moved by irrational impulses; 
visionary ; fanatically devoted to an idea or belief. 

1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 331 Some will minister 
nothing, but what comes next into their heads and hands: 
these are Enthusiasticall itians. 1680 Burnet Rochester 
82 They are neither hot nor enthusiastical but under the 
power of. and clear Principles. x71 Suarress. Charac. 
(1737) III. 64 There have been in reality Enthusiastical 
A 1750 Jc Rambler No. 63% 4 That all are 
equally happy .. none is sufficiently enthusiastical to main- 
tain, 

38. = Enruustastic 3. arch. 

1782 V. Knox £ss. (1819) III. cxviii. 1 The enthusiastical 
admirers 


of a favourite author. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Mor. 


1790 Bure Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 197 We shall believe those 
reformers to be then honest enthusiasts. 1791 — 7h. Fr. 
Affairs VII. 74 At present the king. .can send none but the 
enthusiasts of the system. 1793 Hotcrort tr, Lavater’s 
Physiogn. viii. 52 Paracelsus .. an astrological enthusiast, 


T. (1316) I. x, 82 The old hose il 
F.cle@ | ta Tha cid aay wees Waren va ae: ee 
tr ding h pectation could 
“Enthe sia-stically, adv. TE. +-Ly2 
ua: . [f. prec. + -Ly 2. 
+a, In the manner of one under mystical 4 


not create a more 


ENTICE. 


ae Obs. b. In the manner of one 
of enthusiasm ; with a display of ardent or 
ape 
a. hed very th, Oxon. (R.), Betis gee 
m™m seve places. 
Snake in ’d Enthu- 
ae Grass (1657) 9 If they” show'd 


Plague (1754) 26 Some were so Enthusiasticall as to 
run about J Streets, with their Predictions 
b. 1786 W. Gitpin in Mrs. Dei 's Corr. Ser. u. UL. 
of which she is enthusiastically fond. 


Enthusiastly, adv. rare: [f. ENTHUSIAST 
-LY2.] In the manner of an enthusiast. 


ee . J. Liston Poor Woman in Transl. Eng. Verse, 
"50 e young .. Of her beauty raved enthusiastly. 
thwite, var. of E v., Obs. 


Enthymematic (enpim/me'tik),@. [ad. Gr. 
évOupnparinds, f. évOdunya (see next).] Of, or per- 
taining to, or of the nature of an enthymeme; con- 
taining an enthymeme ; consisting of enthymemes. 
Also E:nthymema‘tical a. in same sense. 

1 Fraunce Lawiers Log. u. ix. 98 b, An argument 
called Sorites by this rn ee jon. 168 
Hosses Rhet. 11. xxii. 84 Ladyeeens is, have in 
themselves the force of an Enthymeme. 1827-53 WuHaTELY 
Logic u. iv. § 7 Here the Minor Premiss ts what is called 
an Enthymematic sentence. 1860 Asp. THomson Laws 
Th. § 110. 206. ; 

Enth: me (e‘npim7m). Also 7-9 enthy- 
mem ; in Lat. form enthymema. [ad. L. enthy- 
mema, a. Gr. évOtpnya, f. évOdpéec@u to think, 
consider, infer, f. év in + @dpés mind.] 

+1. Rvet. After Aristotle’s use: An argument 
based on merely probable  aeagegy a rhetorical 
argument as distinguished from a demonstrative 
one. Oés. 

1600 HoLtanp Livy xxut. xii. 481 These strange Enthy- 
memes and conclusions. 1642 Maven Afol. Smect. (1851) 
256 To wreath an Enthymema with maistrous dexterity. 
a 677 Barrow Serm. (1686) III. ii. 18 Oratours back their 
Enthymemes (or rational Argumentations) with Inductions 
(or sin, Examples). 1841 De Quincey Rhetoric Wks. 
X. (1862) 27 [Explains Aristotle’s use, as distinguished from 
that of later logicians}. 

+2. Cicero (7op. xiii.) uses enthymema for a 
striking antithesis closing a rhetorical period. 
Hence the following definitions : 

1657 J. Smirn Myst. Rhet., An Enthymem. .is, as Cicero 
saith, when the luded isteth of i 
173t Baitey, Exthymem (with Rhetoricians) is when the 
concluding sentence consists of contraries, 

. Logic. A syllogism in which one premiss is 
suppressed. 

[This sense is due to a misapprehension (already in Boe- 
thius @524), the description of the enthymeme (sense 1) as 
‘an imperfect syllogism’ (areAys ovAAoy:ouds) having been 
yr as ay pam to its form a hae) 

x RAUNCE Lawiers Log. u. ix. nthymeme 
is nothing redness Font sis Cowtny Pind, 
Odes 50 note, In Enthymemes .. half is left out to be sup- 

lyed by the Hearer. 1712 Axsutunot Yohn Bull (1755) 
Taare to know whether you will have it by way Sy 
logism, Enthymem, Dilemma, or Sorites. 1764 Dp /nguiry, 
Perhaps Des Cartes meant not to is own exi: 
in this enthymeme, but the existence of shoua 1798 
Wytnes Decis. Virginia 15 The ret included in this 


opinion is an enthymema. HATELY Logic 265 In 
an Enthymeme the su; remiss should be always 
the one of whose truth least doubt can exist. 1870 Bowen 
Logic iii. 57 The C form of arg ion is En- 
th e, which ists of but two propositi 


tice (entai’s), v. Forms: a. 3-6 entyce, 
-tyse, 4-7 entise, (4 entythe, 7 entize,) 4- en- 
tice. 8. 4 intisce, 5-6 intyce, 6-7 intise, 
5-8 intice. [a. OF. enticier (in ONF. enticher) 
= sense 1; the ological sense was prob. ‘ to 
set on fire, add fuel to (a fire)’; app. repr. Lat. 
type *intitiare, f. in- (see IN-) + *¢itz-us (class. L. 
titio) firebrand. Cf. Artice (of which this is a 
parallel form) and Tice ; for development of 
sense cf, EMBRACE v.3] 
+1. trans. To stir up, incite, instigate (¢o a 
course — action); also to wet (to a lable 
LOUC, (1724) 2. . the r 
1297 met 724) 235 obe 


kynges .. to Walys. ¢2315 SHOREHAM 114 
lotonye entyth: (read ent h; rime 
n ye ih her. Me Bs A . op 
tes t: dysp! wit! sore, 
hym Re tet pa trayply pen euer. ?axgoo Chester Pl. 
(1843-7)207 When he hym through his Lady 4 
Morte Arth, 307 To entyce the Emperour to take overe t 
mounttes. Bate 1998 Therein to do as 
ye shall me en Grarton Chron, II, 720 Your 
maister, is .. en provoked by the Duke of Bur- 
2 Hosses 7hucyd. (1822) 62 Not suffering the 
Athenians to them the least way but enticing them to 


the war. 

2. To allure, attract by the offer of‘ pleasure or 
advantage ; esf. to allure insidiously or adroitly. 
Often const. from, to (a course of conduct, a 
place). Also with , 1M. 

1303 R. Brunne Handi. tan Uae neha 
Poems (185 eee, ess te intice him to be 
OlMS\T . ari oe 

butied ‘ansing jen fem is pach Ghaatch. sgpe Act 3 ¢ 4 


ENTICEMENT, 


Edw. VT, c. 16 § 13 If. .the father. .steale, or intise away any 
such child. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb. w. (1586) 187 
[Bees] .. entised with these newe flowres .. feed .. greedilie. 
x607 Dekker Westw. Hoe Wks. 1873 II. 306 Intist from 
mine owne Paradice, To steale fruit in a barren wildernes. 
1648 Gace West. Ind. xix. (1655) 144 Those that keep the 
Bodegones. . will commonly intice in the Indians, and make 
them drunk. 1664 Eve.tyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 209 Beer 
mingled with Honey, to entice the Wasps. 1706 ADDISON 
Rosamond 1. iii, That no foul minister of vice Again my 
sinking soul intice. 1748 Anson's Voy. m1. vi. 348 We could 
not entice them on board. 1786 H. Tooke Pur/ey Introd. 
6, I shall not be at all inticed by them to take upon my 
shoulders a burthen. 1807 Crappe Par. Reg. ut. (1810) 31 
No curious shell, rare plant .. Inticed our traveller, from 
his home, so far. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton xxv. 343 
My Lady strove to entice him into the general talk. 1880 
T. Spatpinc Eliz. Demonol. 22 The most successful method 
of enticing stragglers into its folds. — 
+c. transf. To attract physically. sonce-use. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. iii. 76 It would not 
intice it [the Needle] from A to B, but repell it from A to Z. 

+3. [? A distinct word, a. OF. entechier: see 
EntecHE.] ? To catch (an infection or stain). Ods. 

1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knut. 3436 How tender hit is to entyse 
teches of fylpe. : 

Hence +Enti'ceable a., Ods., in 7 intiseable, 
fitted to entice, seductive. + Emnticeful a., Ods. 
rare, enticing, full of enticement. 

1607 Exam. Geo. Blakwel 156 Intiseable perswasions of 
mens alluring reasons. Hosy tr. Castiglione’s 
Courtyer 11. (1561) Lb, Women enticefull past shame. 

Enticement (entoi‘smént). Also 4-8 intice- 
ment. [a. OF. extecement: see prec. and -MENT.] 

+1. Incitement, instigation. Also concr. some- 
thing that incites. Ods. 

1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 2146 Al ys entycement of 
pe deuyl. ¢1380 Wycur AZocalypse xiii. in Bible Pref. 8 
note, Fals prelates that don by the conseil and the entice- 
ment of hem that sechen erthelich thinges. c 1425 WyNTouN 
Cron, vu. xxiv. 199 Dis wes be fyrst entycement Dat 
amovyd on pis were. 1 Fapyan v. cxv. 89 Chylperiche 
hadde by intycement of Fredegunde wionaalivs turmentyd 
tharchebyshop of Roan. 1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 
331 They lacke_breade, salte, and other intysements of 
glutteny. 1587 Freminc Contn. Holinshed 111. 1367/2 By 
intisements of certeine seditious and traitorous persons. 

2. The action of alluring or attracting; attractive 
quality, fascination ; concr. a means or method of 
enticing ; something which entices, an allurement. 

1549 L. Coxe Erasm. Par. Titus ii. 14 A newe peculyar 

eople, which .. should contemne y° euyls of this world, 

treade downe y® entysementes & giftes of it vnder their 
fete. x Fietcuer Woman Hater 1. iii, Banquets, 
Masques, Shews, all inticements That Wit and Lust to- 
gether can devise. 1634 Mitton Comus 524 Here to every 
thirsty wanderer, [Comus] By sly enticement gives his 
baneful cup. 1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. i. 31 What intice- 
ment is there in common profane Swearing? 1727 BRADLEY 
Fam, Dict. s.v. Horse-Feeder, The Horse-Feeder..must.. 
win him [the Horse] by gentle Enticements. 1738 Bircu 
Life Milton Wks. 1. 75 No Enticements of any kind were 
wanting. Great sums of Money were proffer’d, 1844 Emrr- 
son Tantalus Wks. (Bohn) III. 322 There is in woods and 
waters a certain enticement and flattery. 

Enticer (entsi-so1). [f. as prec.+-ER1.] One 
who, or that which, entices ; + an instigator (ods.); 
a seducer, tempter. 

€1386 Cuaucer Pers. T. P 943 If that another man be 
occasioun or ellis enticer of his synne. c1g00 Hye Way to 
Spytal H. 833 in Hazl. Z. P. P. 1V. 60 Applesquyers, en- 
tycers, and Fd eran 1583 BaBincton Commandm. vii. 

ks. (1637) 58 The eye is a vehement inticer unto lust. 
1640 Br. REYNoLps Passions xvi. 173 Rarity is a marveilous 
Lenocinium, and inticer of Desire. @1703 Burkitt Ox 
N. T. Matt. xxvi. 75 Either the first enticers, or the acci- 
dental occasions were women. 1858 Plain Serm. Var. Subj. 
227 How many a wretched being. .might but for some lustful 
enticer, have followed the Lamb of God in eternal glory! 

Enticing (entoi'sin), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. + 
-InGl.] The action of the vb. EntIce. 

@1340 Hampote Psalter xviii. 13 Synnes pat comes of ill 
eggyngis [S. euel entysynge]. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 
194 They felle through the entysynge of the wycked 

yryte. 1535 CoveRDALE Zcclus. ix. 4 Heare hir not, lest 
thou perish thorow hir entysinge. 1823 Scorr Peveril viii, 
Pardon my enticing away from your service the young 
woman. 


Mpticing (entoi'sin), Af. a. [f. as prec. + 
-1nG2.] That entices or instigates; insidiously 
attractive ; alluring, beguiling, seductive. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. 40 A brothell house where entisinge 
harlottes lived. 1593 Suaxs. 2 Hen VI, 1. iii. 92 My selfe 
haue .. plac’t a Quier of such enticing Birds. 16zr Biste 
Col. ii. 4 Lest any man should beguile you with entising 
words. 1697 DryDEN Virg. Georg. m1. 337 The soft Seducer, 
with enticing Looks, The bellowing Rivals to the Fight 
provokes. 1788 Burke SJ, agst. W. Hastings Wks. XIII. 
305 Ladies recommended .. by sweet and enticing names. 
Mod. I do not find the prospect enticing. 

Enticingly (entoi-sinli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly?2.] 
In an enticing manner. 

1720 WELTON Suffer, Son of God I. iv. 71 An Enemy, so 
much the more formidable, as it, the more Enticingly, 
sooths our Natural Inclinations. 183x Lytton Godolgh. 9 
The idea .. more enticingly put than it was at first. 1877 


Lapy Brassey Voy. Sunbeam xiv, (1878) 240 We found the: 


table most enticingly laid out. 
Entier, Entierty, obs. ff. Eyr1g, etc. 
Entifical (entifikil), a vare. [f. assumed 
L. *entific-us (f. ent- stem of ENS +.-ficus: see -FI0) 
+-aL.] That bestows essential existence. 
Vou. IIT. 


217 


1743 J. Eris Knowledge Div. Things wv. 367 Nothing 
ing conccaent but God foreknew it, and he . could not 
know it without an eternal entifical Idea of it. 

Entify (e'ntifoi), v. xave. [ad. assumed L. *en- 
tificare, f. as prec.: see -FY.] trans. To make 
into an entity, attribute objective existence to. 

Hence Entifica‘tion. 

1882 tr. 7. Vignoli’s Myth & Sc. (Internat. Sci. Series) 154 
The primitive and constant act of all animals .. is that of 
eanitying the object of sensation .. Such entification is the 
result of spontaneous necessity. 

+ Enti‘ltment. Ods. rave—'. [f. En-1+ Tut 
sb. +-MENT.] A temporary covering; an awning. 

1599 Nasue Lenten Stuffe 80 The best houses and walls 
there were of mud, or canvas or poldavies entiltments, 

Entincture, Entinsel: see En- pref. 11 b. 

+Entine, v. Obs. [f. En-1+T1nx (Spenser), 
Tinp to kindle.] ¢vans. To kindle, light up. 

1612 Lane Sg7s. Tale E. E. T. S. 318 This aunswer. .taught 
Videria this new brond t’entine. /déd. 326 Whose dauncinge 
plumes. .seemd at the sonns beames many sonns t’entyne, 

Entir, var. of INTER. 


Entirchawnge, Entirdite: see Inrer- 
CHANGE, INTERDICT. 
Entire (entoie1), a. adv. and sb. Forms: a. 


4-6 enter(e, 5-6 entier(e, -tyer(e, (4 entre, 4-7 
enteer(e), 7 entyre,6-entire. £8. 4 intier, 5-6 
intere, 5-7 intyre, 6 Sc. inteir, 6-9 intire. [a. 
OF. entier, entir= Pr. entier, entieyr, Cat. enter, 
Sp. entero, It. entero, Pg. intetro:—L. inte-gr-um, 
f, 7 not + *tag- root of cangére to touch. 

The L, zxteger was used in the lit. senses ‘whole, un- 
broken, sound’, and in the fig. of ‘untainted, upright’; 
these senses remained in early French and consequently in 
Middle English, but with very few exceptions only the lit. 
senses have survived to the present time.] 

A. adj. 

1. Whole; with no part excepted. 

a1400 Symbols Passion 229 in Leg. Rood 196 To sen ita 
twelf-moneth ich day enter. @1400-50 Alexander 1261 To 
tell pair torfer in tere it wald tary me tolang. 1494 Fasyan 
5 Of bothe landes the Cronycles entyere. @1535 More 
On the Passion Wks. 1337. 2 The very real thinges that is 
conteyned vnder both those fourmes, is one entiere bodye. 
1618 Sir H. Carey in /ortesc. Papers 56, I have yourself 
to be my noble wittness for my intyre proceedeing. 1667 
Mitton P. Z. xu. 264 The Sun shall in mid Heav’n stand 
still A day entire. 1747 WeEstey Prim. Physic (1762) 111 
The entire Creation was at Peace with Man, 1816 Kirsy 
& Sp, Entomol, (1828) I. xviii. 107 Destroys an intire colony, 
of which she would be the founder. 1860 TynpaLt Glac. 1. 
§ 7. 48 Sufficiently strong to bear the entire weight of the 


ody. 

2. Complete ; constituting a whole; including 
all the essential parts. + In early use also, perfect, 
containing all that is desirable. 

¢ 1430 LypG. Bochas 1. i.(1544) 1b, Paradyse, a place most 
entiere. 1571 Diccrs Pantom, 1. xxxv. Lj b, You shall 
make one entier table of all, conteyning the number of 
myles, furlongs, etc. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 322/1 
The Drill, the Drill Bow, and the Drill Plate, go ail to- 
gether as one entire Instrument. 1697 DryDEN Vivre. Past. 
Pref. (1721) I. 93, I do not design an intire Treatise in this 
Preface. 1804 Ann. Rev. II. 77/t The occupier of what is 
called an entire farm. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets iii. 81 Pho- 
cylides says: In justice the whole of virtue exists entire. 

+b. Applied about 1722 to a kind of malt 
liquor (similar to what is now called ‘ porter’), 
(See quot. 1802.) Ods.; but see C. 4. 

1742 Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 25 For intire small 
Beer, five or six Barrels off a Quarter. 1754 Connoisseur 
xv, A publican. . ventured an hogshead of entire butt on the 
candidate who serves him with beer. 1771 SmoLLEeTT 
Humph, Ci. (1815) 148 Calvert’s entire butt beer. 1802 
[J. Fertuam] Picture of London 249 Porter obtained its 
name about the year 1730.. [it had previously been] the 
practice to call for a pint of three threads, meaning a third 
of ale, beer, and twopenny...A brewer of the name of Har- 
wood conceived the idea of making a liquor which should 
partake of the united flavours of [all three]. .calling it extive 
or entire butt. 1839 Bamtey Festus xvili. (1848) 181 And 
porter and stout, entire and brown. 


3. Of a quality, state of feeling, condition, fact, 
or action: Realized in its full extent, thorough, 
complete, total. (Zutire affection, friendship, etc., 
may sometimes occur in this sense, but chiefly be- 


long to the obs. sense 10.) 

c1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 256 Than schalt pou sacrifice 
accepte Of ri3twisnesse & treupe entere. 1413 Lypc. Piler. 
Sowd/le 1v. xx. (1483) 64, I had ioye entier and eke gladnesse, 
1642 Rocers Naaman 587 Gods cures are like himselfe, 
perfect, intire, and absolute. 1647 CLarenpon Hist. Reb. 
1, (1843) 5/2 That he .. might .. present to his majesty the 
entire e and restitution of his family. 1692 Sourn Sevwz. 
(2697) I. 475 The Intire overthrow of this mighty .. Host of 
the Midianites. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. p. vi, I wish you 
intire Health and Happiness. 1755 Younc Centaur ii. 
Wks. 1757 IV. 141 Hell is nothing but an intire absence 
from Him. 1793 Dosxe Corr. (1844) IV. 186 If you did not 
give entire credit to my declarations. 1836 J. GiLBert Chr. 
Atonem., vi. (1852) 161 The statements of Scripture are in 
entire harmony with this representation. 1855 Macautay 
Hist. Eng. Il, 220 Granting entire liberty of, conscience. 
1879 R. x Douctas Confucianism iii. 80 Entire sincerity 
is required of them who approach the altar. 


b. With agent-noun or sb. descriptive of a 
person; That is thoroughly of the character de- 
scribed. ‘+ Also formerly as predicate: Thoroughly 
established in (an opinion, a resolve, knowledge, 


ENTIRE. 


etc.); cf. Fr. entier ‘qui maintient entiéres ses 
idées, ses volontés’ (Littré). 

1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Gg, All 
these mortall men ar so entier in their owne wylles. 1641 
Hinve ¥. Bruen lvii. 190 All such ..as were most sound 
and entire in the Knowledge of the Truth. 1655 /rancion 
xi. 23 They did not know her to be entire in her resolutions, 
and that she would not forsake them for any Remonstrances. 
1657 Ear: Monmoutn tr. Parata’s Pol. Disc.85 The Romans 
never laid down Arms but when they were entire Victors. 
Mod. He is an entire believer in Christianity. 

+¢. Of persons: Wholly devoted to another, 
perfectly beloved. In later use, of friends and 
friendly intercourse: Unreserved, familiar, inti- 
mate. Obs. [ef. Fr. amd entier, and equivalent in 
It. and Sp.] 

c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 279 Hym nil I undertake That 
is thi dere entere. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, Thy 
doughter deare That was to the so passingly entere. 1608- 
1x Be. Haut Medit. § Vows u. § 38 It is best to be courteous 
to all; entire with few. 1611 Coryat Crudities Ep. Ded., 
My most sincere and entire friend M. Lionel Cranfield. 
1641 Br. Hart Rem. Wks. 11. (1660) 89 It troubled him an 
hundred times more to be cast out from this (more entire) 
presence. 1643 Horn & Rozotuam Gate Lang. Uni. xciii. 
§ 909 Waiwardnesse estrangeth the entirest friends. @1718 
Penn Life Wks. 1726 I. 232 An entire and constant Friend. 

4. Whole, unbroken, intact; not mutilated or 
decayed ; undiminished in quantity or extent. 

21631 Donne Paradoxes (1652) 86 [A miser’s treasure 
profits no one;] Yet it remains intire. 1656 Morr Avtid. 
Ath, m. viii. (1712) 113 His body was found entire. 1666 
Evetyn Diary 7 Sept., Nothing remaining intire but the 
inscription in the architrave. 1697 Potter Antig. Greece 
I. xxv. (1715) 132 Their Estates, hich were all that time 
preserv’d entire to them. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. FE. 
Ind. 1, x. 102 The Portugueze capitulated to leave Ormuze, 
with all the Fortifications intire. 18053 Worpsw. Pred. 
Iv. (1850) ror In military garb, Though faded yet entire. 
1826 Kirpy & Sp. Extomol, (1828) 1V. xxxvii. 19 The head- 
less animal made the same movements as when intire. 

b. sfec. Of male animals: Not castrated. [So 
in all Romanic langs.] 

1834-43 SouTHEY Doctor (1849) 339 What the Spaniards 
+. call a Caballo Padre, or what some of our own writers 
. appellate anentire horse. 1876 Wuyte MeELviILie Kater- 

Jelto vii.78 The animal, though an entire horse .. responded 
lovingly and gently to his caress. ; 

e. Of immaterial things: Unimpaired, undi- 
minished. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 136 But there continue still in their 
entire and as flourishing state as euer the city Hebata and 
Oruros. 1635 A. StarForp ev, Glory (1869) 107 The first 
Principles of my Religion .. I will preserve entyre. 1667 
Mixton P. LZ. 1. 146 If he our Conquerour .. Have left us 
this our spirit and strength intire. 1736 Butler A vad. 1. i. 25 
Apprehension, Memory, Reason, all entire. 1853 Ropert- 
son Serie. Ser, ut, xvi. 219 When Christian principles were 
left entire. 

+d. Of a question: Intact ; that has not been 
entered upon. Of an offence: In no degree atoned 
for or ‘ purged’. Ods. 

1598 GRENEWEY Tacitus’ Ann. m1. xvi. (1622) 71 Yet that 
the offence committed against his father, was entire. 1698 
Sipney Disc. Govt. i. § 3 (1704) 8 So that the Question re- 
mains intire, as if he had never mention’d it. 

e. Of persons; With unimpaired strength, not 
fatigued or worn, fresh. [So L. czteger.] arch. 

1590 SPENSER F. Q.1. vi. 44 Backe to fight againe, new 
breathed and entire. 1628 Hosses Thucyd. (1822) 104 Won 
to the war when you were entire but repenting it upon the 
damage. 1665 Maney Grotius’ Low-C. Warres 291 Six 
hundred intire, beside two hundred sick and wounded. 
1853 Ropertson Sere. Ser. mt. i. (1872) 8 He is entire, 
powerful because he has not spent his strength. 

5. Wholly of one piece; continuous throughout ; 
one and undivided. Now only in scientific use. 

1590 SPENSER FQ, 1. vii. 33 But all of Diamond perfect 
pure and cleene It framed was, One massie entire mould. 
1604 SHAKS, Ofh. v. ii. 144 Of one entyre and perfect Chry- 
solite. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 1. ix. (1692) 46 Being but 
one Entire Interest throughout the World. 1699 DAmpiER 
Voy. Il. 1. i, 14 A turn on the East side of the River, which 

ere entire: for a little before..we met the main stream 
where it parts into the 2 channels. *703 MauvunbrELL 
Journ, Ferus., Euphrates, &c. (1732) 4 Intire blocks of 
wood. ' 1726 Leont Alberti’s Archit. 1. 42a, All Stone 
should be entire .. you may know whether it is entire or 
crack’d. 1786 tr. Beckford’s Vathek (1868) 28 The chasm 
closed, and the ground became as entire as the rest of the 
plain, 1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius Il. 860 If a man be 
imprisoned .. on the rst day of January, and kept in prison 
till the 1st day of February .. the whole is one entire tres- 
pass. 1834 MeMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 200 The 
first dorsal entire ; while on the contrary the last rays of the 
second, as well as those of the anal which correspond to 
them, are detached. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 5. 245 
The calyx or corolla when gamophyllous .. is said to be .. 
entire, when the union is complete to the summit or border. 


b. Of troops: Forming an unbroken body. Now 


only in techn. phrase Rak entire. 

1568 Grarton Chron. II. 505 The Duke of Bedford .. 
made likewise an entier battayle. 1691 Proc. agst. French 
in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 476 They marched intire 
through the body of the country. 1833 Regul. Justr. 
Cavalry 1. 126 The Squads should. .be formed rank entire. 
1879 A. Forses in Daily News 13 June 5/6 That the true 
tactic is to work in rank entire. 

ec. In scientific use; Having an unbroken out- 
line, without notches or indentations. Said, e. g. 
of leaves, shells, certain parts of animal bodies. 

1757 Mitter in PAz2. Trans. L. 435 The leaves are intire, 
and come toa pointat their base. 1817 CoLERIDGE io Lit. 


(1847) IT. The gable ends .. towards the street, some in 
th en fe form and entire as the botanists say. 
1828 Starx Elem, Nat. Hist. 11. 180 Last segment of the 

bd: entire or notched. 1835 LinpLey /ntrod. Bot. 
(1848) I. 261 The entire blade of the Box tree. 1866 Tate 
Brit. Mollusks iii. 45 The aperture is entire that is not 
notched or produced into a canal. 

+6. Wholly of one kind, homogeneous; free 
from alien admixture. Ods. 

1622-62 Heytin Cosmogr. m. (1673) 41/2 And yet those 
Maronites though intire without intermixture are held, 
etc. 1640 Quartes Enchirid. 1. xcvii, It is..a laine 
suit ofoneentyre cloth. 1648 Petit, Eastern Assoc. 14 Were 
both the Houses. .so intire from Opinionists..as we cou 
wish. 1683 Brit. Spec. 39 The old : of the Britains 
who have .. curious to preserve it entire without any 
mixture, 1683 SALMon Doron Med. ut. 671 It preserves it 
safe and intire from filth. Dampier Voy. II. 1. viii. 
157 It was brackish: for though the fresh water is born up 
by the Salt, and it might be intire without mixture, yet, etc. 

b. Of qualities, feelings, etc.: Pure, unmixed. 
Cf. '3. i 

1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. IV, u. iv. 352 See now whether pure 
Feare, and entire Cowardise, doth not make thee wrong 
this vertuous Gentlewoman, to close with vs? 1667 Mitton 
P. L. 1. 265 Wrauth shall be no more Thenceforth, but in 
thy presence Joy entire. : 

Wholly reserved; unshared. LZntire tenancy 


(Law) : see quot. _ _ 

1641 Termes de la Ley 137 Entire Tenancie is that which 
is contrary to severall Tenancie, and signifieth a age 
session inone man. 1 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 
I. 339 Mr. Foulkes koersng it intire to himself. Mod. He 
has the entire control of that department. I will take the 
entire responsibility of this step. 

b. Entire to itself: secluded, kept apart, private. 
a1618 RALEIGH Rem. (1644) 10 That Aristocracy be not 
too magnificent nor intire to it self, but communicate with 
the people some commodities of State or Government. 1649 
Mitton £rkon. xxviii, Those few mortifying hours that 
should have been entirest to themselves. 
II. In ethical sense. 

+8. Of reputations or persons: Free from re- 
proach, unblemished, blameless. Ods. 

1577 HoxinsHep Chron. II. 193 Richard Grafton was a 
right reverend man whiles he lived and of entier name also 
being dead. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 292 Daughter of God 
and Man, immortal Eve, For such thou art, from sin and 
blame entire. 1678 R. Barciay Afol. Quakers x. § 16. 304 
The Bishops and Apostles .. should be men of most intire 
manners and Life. 1779 J. Moore View Soc. Fr. (1789) I. 
i. 5 He who has the vigour to disentangle himself from the 
snares of deep play .. with his character entire may be es- 
teemed a fortunate man. : : : 

+9. Of persons and their actions : Characterized 
by integrity ; incorruptible, honest, upright. Ods. 

¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. v. (1554) 77 b There was a prince, 
full notable and entere Called Otanes. ¢1g00 Doctr. Gd. 
Servaunts in Poet. Tracts (Percy) 3 Be of thy mynde 
peasyble andentere. 1647 Crarenpon ‘ist. Reb, (1702) I.v. 
516 Some very honest and intire Men stayed still there. /did. 
II. vi. 54 From whom he could expect no entire, and Nok ii 
dealing. 1707 Hearne Collect. 30 May (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 
17 John Urry of Xt Church, an intire Man. 

+10. Of feelings, the heart, etc.: Unfeigned, 
sincere, genuine, earnest. Ods. 

The examples of this sense are often not easily to be dis- 
tinguished from those of the still current sense 3, to which 
expressions like extire affection, etc., if used at all, would 
now belong. 

¢1380 Wycur Wks. (1880) 106 Treuly assoiled of god for 
his entre sorwe of synne. c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 7365 
He hem met with hert entier. 1 Fisher Fun, Serm. 
C’tess. Richmond Wks. 302 But we shall with moost entyer 
mindes beseche hym. 1535 — Ws. 382 Draw nygh vnto 
hym with entiere deuotion. 1556 Lauper T7ractate 528 
With hert Inteir I wald beseik your Maiesteis. 1596 Suaks. 
Tam. Shr. w. ii. 23 Your entire affection to Bianca. 1650 
Hussert Pill Formatlity 193 That love, and intire affection 
that you bear to their poor souls. a@1716 BLackatt Ws. 
(1723) I. 112 The strictest Friendships, the most intire Love, 
and the firmest Peace. fs 

+11. The notion ‘intimate’ developed in sense 
3 b seems to have suggested an association of entire 
with znterior. Hence perh. Spenser’s parts entire 
= ‘inward parts’. 

(1483 Cath. Angi. Entyrly, intime. 1§.. Cooper Lat. 
Dict., Intime, entirely.) 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1Vv. viii. st. 
48 Casting flakes of lustful fire. .into their hearts and parts 
entire. 

+ B. adv. a. Wholly, completely. b. Heartily, 
sincerely, unfeignedly. Ods. 
“@. 241400 Chester Pl. (1843) I. 193 Seith fourtie daies are 
gone intier. Cf. 1707 in A. t 

b. ¢1430 Syr. Gener. (Roxb.) 7609 He that me loued most 
entier. ¢1430 Lypc. Smyth & his Dame 467 in Hazl. £. PP. 
Ill. 26 She .thanked God intere. 

- 50. 

1. The whole ; the ae all the parts ; 
the full extent (of anything). Tecent use some- 
what rare. 

1 Bacon Coulers Good §& Evill v. (Arb.) 145 It is not 

fe to deuide, but to extoll the entire still in 1609 
Tourneur Fun. Poem 375 The parts: the entire; and every 
circumstance was contingent. 1804 CASTLEREAGH in 
S.J.Owen Wellesley’s Disp. 250 We have by two wars. . nd 
Ay entire of 


ysore in our dominions. 1832 G. Downes 
t. Cont. Countries 1. 234 A range of seven graves, en 

each by lofty ping 0 that the entire resembles, etc. 
1842 S. Lover 1 ly Andy viii, The death of her hus| 

who left her the entire of his p '° GLADSTONE 
Synchr. Homer 193 In the entire of the Poems we never 
hear of a merchant ship of the Greeks. 


. Bacon yi Vi Pl Maintaining the it 
1622 Tl, 
Holy Charah fa thelr Eatice, x0g9 THacenay Virgin. iil 


it two 


F. Keane Yourn. Medinak 
Daily 


Tied foal A 


ews 14 ‘our hepeony At oe 
2b. 
boards and the 


160 He 
lars each. 


Not now in use exc, on tavern si 
like, where ‘A. B. C, & Co’s entire’ is still advertised. 


ENTITATIVE. 


as a whole. Of qualities, states, actions, etc. : 
‘Thowsabhaiae. falieres perfectness. 


2 
1599 SANDYS. a. 637)132 Toreprint them in their 
first entirenesse. wy Pgh gee ra | 
lof a tree] hath a dimensi itie of 


q and 
continuance before it come to discontinue and break itself 
into Armes. 1614 Bp. Hatt Heaven upon Earth § 18 Oneis 
sicke of his hbour’s field, whose mi: a 
hinder his ip of entirenesse. 1680 S. MATHER /ven. 
11 A Church in an Island. .must not be denyed intireness of 
a within itself. 2703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 75 


tless 
metropolis this [porter]. .is advertised by 

+ Enti‘re, v. Obs. [f. prec. adj.] 

1. trans. To make a whole of; to unite. 

1678 Sir J. Specman A Jfred Gt. (1709) 28 The West Saxon 
Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kent again entired 
in one in his hand. : 

To attach exclusively ; also in weaker sense, 
to attach closely or intimately. 

1624 Heywoop Gunaik. Ae reer was..entyred to Deme- 
trius. did. vu. 323 Shee a bedfellow, unto whom above 
all others shee was entired. 1655 — Fortune by Land §& S. 
v. Wks. 1874 VI. 432, I take my Sisters husband, unto me 
Therefore one most intir’d. 

Hence Enti-red ff/. a. = ENTIRE 3 c. 

1635 Hevwoop Hierarch. 1.37 Theseus in Search of his 
deare and Entired friend Perithous. 

Entirely (entaiesli), adj. and adv. Forms: see 
Entire and -Ly! and %. fi ENTIRE a. + -LY.] 

+ A. adj. (ME. only). a. Full, complete. b. 
Sincere, having integrity. Ods. 

14.. Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 41 Besechinge you euer with 
myn enterly hert. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddes Chyld. 10 
Yeuing up thankynges with enterly deuocyon. 1497 Bp. 
Atcox Mons Perfect. Biij, Y* very enteerly folowers of 
Cryste Ihesu. 

adv, 

+1. In an entire state; without diminution or 
division, as a whole. Ods. 

(As in the case of the synonyms whole etc., the adj. would 
now be used instead of the adv.) 

x Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 12 Pream., To preserve the pos- 
sessions of the Crown hoolly and entierly without any sever- 
aunce or decreasing therof. xg12 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 19 
§ 10 The hole summes .. delyverd fully & enterely. 1659 
ANNESLEY in Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 464 The which was 
read first intirely, and afterwards, in parts. 

2. Wholly, completely, perfectly; without ex- 
ception or reservation. 

c¢1400 Maunpev. xii. (1839) 139 Thei kepen entierly the 
Comaundement. c 1430 Freemasonry 241 3ef that the 
= a prentes have, Enterlyche thenne that he hym 
teche. 148x Caxton Myrr. ut. x. 155 Adam knewe all the 
seuen scyences lyberall ery without fayllyng of a worde. 
1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 549 And behold all was entirely good. 
1706 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 1. 171 He was intirely 
an Enemy to the Gross Errors of Popery. 1761 Hume 
Hist. Eng. 11. xxxi. 201 His resolution of breaking intirely 
with the court of Rome. 1 Gotpsmitn Rom. Hist. 
(1786) I. r21 He was the son of a man entirely respected 
by both parties. 1 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 66 
Another circle of dark rasty brown entirely surrounds the 
face. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 20, | entirely agree. .and 
accept the definition. 

“| In humorous representations of the speech of 
Irishmen, often placed at the end of a sentence. 

Mod. ‘ He’s a fine gentleman entirely’. 

3. Wholly and exclusively, solely. 

1647 CLARENDON //ist. Reb, 1. (1843) 4/2 He [Villiers] en- 
tirely dis; of all the graces of the king. 1672 Cave 
Prim. Chr. 1. iv. (1673) 331, I shall set down the story in- 
tirely out of the Author himself. 1732 ArsuTHNOT Rules of 
Diet If a Gouty Person can bring himself intirely to a 
Milk Diet. 1833 H. Coteripce North. Worthies (1852) I. 
16 Middleton composed his life of Cicero, Y bbc his life of 
Erasmus, almost entirely from the epistles of their re: ‘ive 
subjects. Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Zé III. xii. 
223 He (Charles Kingsley] did win his own sweet wife en- 
ae | by this charm of character. 

+4. a. Heartily, sincerely. b. Earnestly. Ods, 

_In the later instances these uses seem to approach or coin- 
cide with the still current sense 2. 

a. @ 1340 Hampote Psalter vi. 4 Fulhard it is to be turnyd 
enterly til be bryghthed and be pees of godis lyght. 
Lanai. P. PZ. C. xvi. 142 Loue enemy entyerly om 
heste to ful-fille. 1467 Mann, $ Househ, Exp. (1841) 1 
Ryte worschepeful and my enterly welbeloved frend. 1586 
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 27 The griefe that by m: 
selfe among many others, for his losse, is entirely port. es 4 
1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. m1. ii. 228 kage | are intirely wel- 
come. 3647 Warp Simp. Cobler 22, 1 intirely wish ., 
more wisdom to that Plantation. 1711 Appison Sect. 
No. 170 p2 The Apprehension that he is not equally beloved 
- the Person whom he entirely loves, 1722 Yourn. through 
ng. (ed. 2) 1. 131, I that love th 


) ¢ Country entirely. .have 
fixt my Residence here [Epsom]. 
b. 21400 /sumbras 434 To Ihesu Criste than prayes he, And 
enterely hym hte. ¢1420 Chron, Vilod. 118 


wolden prey’ ifynes soule enterly. /did. ed 
more tt at palo mer pat rons ues Lett. 
0. 230 I. 319 Praying you inter!; to bie with me at 
dyner on it Benett day. s48-9( ar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 
128 Entierly desiryng thy fatherly goodnes. 1§90 SPENSER 
fie 1. xi. ¥ a God yw se 1606 G. 
oopcockE] tr. Hist. Justine 91 a, t besought 
than. they would now be bould in the cane bc Z 
Entireness (entaie-més). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality, state, or condition of being entire. 
1. Wholeness, completeness ; undiminished, un- 
broken, or undivided condition. 7 its entireness : 


Woche Pease Was, thas TL pos Yoo cee to ee oe 
egic. Peace 1 5 come ti 
king .. tegether with the extiemem of the epi 


Cotenince Biog. Lit. x 


a 1870 Bowen Logic 
7 We can more easily grasp it in thought, and contemplate it 
at once in its entireness. 

+2. Wholeness or oneness of feeling with an- 
other ; close sdentahip, familiarity, intimacy. 

1599 Sanpys Europa Spec. (1632) 171 Their alliance or 
rather meere entirenesse with Spaine. 1612-5 Br. Hatt 
Contemfpl. O. T. v1. i, Whither shall wee impute it, but to 
his more intyrenesse with God. 1620 Horg Sub. 43 Their 
entir and ii d with the men of the greatest 
name. a eS ee ee 69 That entireness and 
affection which is the soul of marriage. 

+3. Wholeness of feeling or thought; integrity, 
honesty, sincerity. Ods. 

1549 Coverpate Evasm. Par. Coloss. ii. 5 If 1 espye your 
entiernes and godly condicions either to ae in i or 
to be inconstant & wauer, — 2 Cor. viii. 18 Whose faythe and 
entyrenesse in preachynge the gospell..is well tryed. 163 

An especiall point of sin- 
cerity c h in the fo d inti: 


Gouce God's Arrows 1. § 56. 

Entirety (entoieiti). Forms: 6 entiertee, 
7, 9 entierty, 8 entierity, 9- entirety. Also 
7 intierty. [ad. AF. entiertie, OF. entiereté:—L. 
integritat-em, f. integer: see ENTIRE.] 

Johnson 1755 has only the form entierty, which continued 
in legal use into the present century. 

1. The state or condition of being entire ; com- 
pleteness, fullness, integrity, perfection; esp. in 
phrase Jn its entirety: in its complete form, as 
a whole. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 89 Deragot to the entiertee and 
Piao of Christes posal Here ge Paves Anti-Armin, 
163 They haue an intirety, a fulnesse in themselues. 1: 
Biacxstone Comm. (R.), This is the natural and 
consequence of the union and entirety of their interest, 
a7 Witson Chr. North (2857) I. 259 Its entirety—its 

1853 Ropertson Serm. Ser. m1. 
xv. 181 The Christian Church taken in its entirety. 1878 
Bosw. Smitu Cart. 183 All chance of fulfilling it [his 
religious mission] in its entirety had passed away for ever. 
b. Law. The entire or undivided possession of 
an estate ; esf. in phrase By entireties, when two 
parties are jointly seised of a whole estate, and 
neither is exclusive possessor of a part. Cf. 
Morery. 

pers Rog H. Fixcn Law (1636) 10 They shall not haue the 
land by entierties, but by moities ioyntly. a1626 Bacon 
Office of Alienations (R.), Sometimes the attorney. .setteth 
down an entierty, where but a moiety, a third, or fourth 
part only was to be passed. Bawpwen DomesdayBk. 
615 a claims the Enti theChurch, 1818 Cruise 
Digest V. 356 A husband seised jointly with his wife, whether 
by moieties or entireties. 1858 Lv, St. Leonarps Hand} 

k. Property Law u. 7 A purchaser cannot be compulad, 
even in equity, to take an undivided part of an estate..if 
he contracted for the entirety. 

2. The whole; the sum total. re = 
1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. 11. i. 21 You have the entirety 
Pray to 1870 Rotieston Anim. Life Introd. 24 Those 

other characters must relate .. to the of the Y 
assuch. 1885 7imes(weekly ed.) 10 July 20/3 The entirety 
containing about 26 acres. 

Entitative (entitétiv), a. AMZetaph. [ad. med. 
L. entitativus, f. entitat-em: see 4 ; 

1. Pertaining to the mere existence of anything. 
Entitative act; transl. L. actus entitativus, a term 
used by the Scotists to denote ‘material’ as op- 

to ‘formal’ or ‘ quiditative’ actuality. 

The word act in this phrase has its scholastic sense, ‘ that 
which differentiates an ‘‘actual” from a “‘ potential” exist- 
ence’. Duns Scotus, differing from Aquinas, sane 
two kinds of ‘act’, i.e. two senses or degrees in which a 
thing might be said to have ‘actual’ existence : in one sense 
it is ‘actual’ if it simply possesses the ‘ matter’ by virtue of 
which it has any existence other than merely potential ; in 
the other sense, it is actual only when it possesses the ‘form’ 
which gives it specific existence. Hence in the language of 

isting thing, while the /ormad/ act is its ‘form’; or, more 
pomeen thay 4 hes ion of ‘matter’ and ‘form’ 


unity, which is so perfect. 


totum cuj 
Sent. ri xii, § 19 Sicut forma est actus formalis quia potest 


e per recep ipsius, 
entitativus.) ¢x600 Timon 1. iii. (1842) 66 Whether there 
be a man in the moone .. which may have there really and 
intrinsecally an entitative acte and 


besides a formall 
existence. 1628 Br. Hare OMe ~ 49 The bold School 


ee 


ENTITLE. 


1743 J. Extis Knowl. Div. Th. iv. 289 Whether .. the enti- 
tative material act of sin be physically or morally good? 

2. Of the nature of an entity; having real 
existence. 

1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 272 When a man mis- 
takes a rope for a snake .. the man’s misconception, which 
is entitative, is the cause of his fear. ‘ 

Hence Evntitatively adv., in an entitative 
manner; as a mere existence. 

1677 GaLe Crt. Gentiles III. 55 The whole act considered 
entitatively and naturally. 1696 Lorimer Goodwin's Disc. 
vii, 135 There cannot be a Conditional Will in God, that 
is.. auipcaivaly, or entitatively Conditional. 1751 Cuam- 
BERS Cyci. s.v., Peter, entitatively taken, is Peter, asa thing, 
a substance, a man, etc. without any regard to his being a 
lord, a husband, learned, etc. 1828 in Topp; and in mod. 
Dicts. 

Entitle (entail), v. Forms: 5-7 entytle, 
(entytel, -titele), 5- entitle. Also 5-7 in- 
tytle, (intitele), 5-9 intitle. See also IntITULE. 
[a. AF. entitle-r, OF. entiteler, entituler, mod.Fr. 
entituler, corresp. to Pr. entitolar, intitular, It. 
intitolare, late L. intitulare, f. 2x in + titulus 
TItLE.] 

I. From Trrte =‘ superscription, designation ’. 

1. trans. To furnish (a literary work, a chapter, 
etc.) with a heading or superscription ; in early use 
gen. (cf. Tirte sé.). Subsequently only in nar- 
rower sense: To give to (a book, etc.) a designa- 
tion by which it is to be cited, or which indicates 
the nature of its contents. Chiefly with comple- 
mentary obj. ; also const. + dy, + with. 

a. ¢1381 CuHaucer Parl. Foules 30 This booke.. Entitled 
was right thus..Tullius of the dreame of Scipion. 1388 
Wyciir Ferome’s Prol. Rom., The epistil..that to Ebrues 
ys writen..is not entitlid with his [Paul’s] name. 1483 
Caxton Cato Aijb, This book..ought to be entytled the 
reule and gouernement of the body and of the sowle. 158 
Mutcaster Positions Ep. Ded. (1887) 5, I haue entitled 
the booke Positions. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iii. $9 
To dedicate them [books]..to private and equal friends, or 
to entitle the books with their names. 1792 London Rev. 
Nov. 363 This section Mr. S. entitles, “Of the Use and 
Abuse of general Principles in Politics’. 1888 H. Morrry 
ied Writers III. 179 A book entitled ‘De Nugis Curi- 

ium’. 

+ 1432-50 tr. HWigden (Rolls) I. 25 In his Policraticon, 
whom he intitlede de Nugis Curialium. 1534 Lp. Berners 
Gold, Bk. M. Aurel, (1546) B iiij b, I will intitle this boke 
the Golden boke. 1542-3 Act 34 § 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1 
Bookes .. intiteled .. the psalter, primers, praiers, statutes 
and lawes of this realme. 1738 Bircn Life Milton Wks. 
1738 I, 76 The Icon was at first intitled by the King Suspiria 
Regalia. 1793 SMEATON Edystoue L. Contents 7 Extracts 
from a Book intitled the Storm. 

+b. To inscribe, dedicate (a book) Zo a person. 

1460 Carcrave Chron. 152 Doctour Gylis. .entitelid it [the 
bok of Governauns of Princes] to Philip, dauphin of Frauns. 
1607 Hieron Wks. Ded. before p. 429 I. Pp iiij, I haue 
thought good to commend some of my poore labours ynto 
you, by a more particular entitling them to your name. 

‘te. To ascribe (a literary work) /o an author. 
With mixed notion of 5 c. 

1gso Cranmer Defence 50 b, In an other booke, entitled to 
sainct Augustine, is written thus, etc. 1575 FuLKE Cou/fut. 
Doctr, Purg. (1577),216 Ecclesiasticus and the booke of 
Wisdome, falsely intitled to Salomon. 1671 Stusse Reply 
17 My Adversaries will here allow no other Book to be En- 
titled unto the R.S. but what is licensed by their President. 
1699 Benttey Phal. Introd. 14 Dionysius made a Tragedy 

called Parthenopzeus, and intitled it to Sophocles. 1724 
Swirr Let. 28 Apr. The other [tract] is entitled to a 
Weaver. .but thought to be the work of a better hand. 

+d. ? To prefix the name of (an alleged author) 
to. Obs. (Perh. belongs to 5.) . 

@1745 Swirt (T.), We have been entitled, and have had 
our names prefixed at length to whole volumes of mean 
productions. er: 

2. To bestow on (a ager a certain title or 
designation expressing his rank, office, or char- 
acter; to speak of (a person) by a certain title. 
Formerly also, to give a certain designation to 
(a thing). Const. as in 1. 

a. fy omnaineion tys (1835) Introd. 3 Galfryd of Yng- 
lond in his newe werk Entytlyd thus as I can aspye Galfridus 
Anglicus, 1589 R. Harvey Pl. Perc. 7 It were enough to 
entitle those Browne Sectaries of the Blacke Prince, with the 
name of traytors. 1602 FuLBecke Pandectes 21 The kings 
and Queenes of England entitling themselues kings and 
Queenes of Fraunce. bert Mitton P, LZ. x1. 171 Next 
favourable thou, Who highly thus to entitle me voutsaf’st. 
1683 Ray Corr. (1848) 135 He entitles it Conyza acris annua 
alba. 1711 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 147 Please 
entitle g only Bart. 1860 Pusey Min. Proph. Joel iii. 16 
Here entitled by the incommunicable name of God. 

B. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. ii. 33 That which in meane 
men we intitle patience, Is pale cold cowardice. 1596 — 
Tam, Shr. w.v. 61 And now by Law, as well as reuerent 
age, I may intitle thee my louing Father. 1605 CAMDEN 
Rem. 35 Mawd .. who intitled herselfe Empresse. 1728 
Morcan Algiers II. ii. 232 They intitled him Sultan. 

+3. To write down under proper titles or head- 
ings. Obs. 

a, c1430 Lypc. in Lay Folks Mass Bk. (1879) 394 Somme 
entytlenn hem in smale bookes of Report. 1463 Paston Lett. 
No. 477 II. 138 And more thinges .. which I entytelyd in a 
scrowe. 1533 Fritn Answ, More's Lett. Pref. Aijb, He 
desired me to entitle the somme of my wordes & wryte them 


hym. 
B. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 2x § 9 One sufficient 
clerke. .shall intitle in his bokes and enroll of recorde such 


219 


other writinges. 1582 Benttey Mon. Matrvones, After the | entitling of these Doctrines to the name of Arminius. 


good example of the learned fathers of our time, to intitle, 
reduce, & applie those other godlie meditations & praiers. 
II. From Tire = ‘right to possession ’. 

4. To furnish (a person) with a ‘title’ 4o an 
estate. Hence gen. to give (a person or thing) 
a rightful claim ¢o a possession, privilege, desig- 
nation, mode of treatment, etc. Const. Zo with 
sb. or inf.; also simply. Now said almost ex- 
clusively of circumstances, qualities, or actions ; 
formerly often of personal agents. 

a, 1468 W. Worcester in Paston Lett. No. 582 II. 314, 
I. entitled no crettur to na place. 1530 Parser. 538/1 By 
what meanes is he entyteled unto these landes. 1649 SELDEN 
Laws Eng. 1. x\vii. (1739) 77 The Emperor could entitle the 
Pope to no power here, because none he had. 162 T. Wuit- 
FIELD Doctr. Armin. 8 His dying for the elect isa sufficient 
ground to entitle him. r7xx Appison Sfect. No. 257 ® 8 
[God] will hereafter entitle many to the Reward of Actions 
which they had never the Opportunity of Performing. 1725 
De For Voy. round World (1840) 289 Such a quantity as 
might entitle that water to the name of the Golden Lake. 
1798 Ferriar Certain Varieties Man 223 Every man thinks 
himself entitled to observe and to publish. 1818 Cruise 
Digest I, 138 The first tenant in tail who is born becomes 
entitled to any timber felled by the tenant for life. 1826 
Henry Elem. Chem. 1. 635 The remaining salts of alumina 
have no properties sufficiently important to entitle them to 
a separate description, 1832 Hr. Martineau Demerara ii. 
15 Better entitled than most of his brethren to complain of 
neglect. 1838 De Morcan £ss. Probab. 188 If each had 
been entitled to his fraction of the sum which would have 
become due had he lived to the end of the year. 1875 Poste 
Gaius 111.comm. (ed. 2) 396 The obligation by which the co- 
creditors are entitled. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 2 § 4 It shalbe laufull to 
every man intitled to have the seid penaltie to distreyne for 
it. 31571 Campion fist. Jred. (1633) 70 Intytled to thirty 
thousand marks yearely. 1695 tr. Colbatch’s New Light 
Chirurg. Put out p. iii, With how much Justice it’s intitled 
to sucha Name. 1741 RicHarpson Pamela I. 46 Who.. 
thinks himself intitled to call me Bold-face. 1769 RoBERTSON 
Chas. V, ILI. 1x. 133 A higher rank in the temple of fame 
than either his talents or performances intitle him to hold. 

b. sfec. To furnish with a TrrLe to orders. 

1720 Br. Kennetr Monit. Clergy Peterbor. 1. 16, I must 
expect and insist upon it, that you Intitle no Curate, with- 
out, etc. 

+e. To invest zwzth an office, etc. Obs. 

1584 Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 38 Seeing you must 

- intitle the Magistrate with the Pastors office. 1662 
Futter Worthies (1840), Bring the last who was entitled... 
with that dignity. 

+d. To qualify, render apt. Const. 40. Ods. 

1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1, xix. 33 There is a nobleness 
in the mind of man, which of it self, intitles it to the hatred 
of what is ill. 1650 FuLLEeR Pisgah 402 ‘The Temple. . visibly 
intitled itself to fortification, 

+e. To assign the possession of (something) /; 
to settle (an estate) 07 a person. Ods. 

1608 Hieron Defence u. 25 The attribute ‘ your Prince’, 
giuen to Michael, entitleth the name Michael to Christ only. 
1674 R. Goprrey /nj. §& Ab, Physic 145 He intitled his 
Tahettanes on his Sister. 

+f. Phrase, Zo entitle and engage. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Discif. 1. 4 To entitle and engage a 
glorious name to gross corruption. 1649 Nicholas Papers 
(1886) 149 To intitle and engage the Queen to espouse as her 
owne quarrell whatever reflects upon Lord Jermyn. 

+5. To regard or treat (a person) as having a 
title 4o something. Hence, to represent (a person 
or thing) as the agent, cause, or subject of a par- 
ticular action, effect, condition, or quality. Const. 
in, to, with sd., rarely with zzf. Obs. 

a. rik pi Maine Serm. agst. False Proph.2 Never plot 
was hatcht to disturb the Commonwealth, but the writings 
of some Sybill or other were entitled to that plot. 1662 
StitunGFL, Orig. Sacr. m1. iii. § 7 Supposing Gods giving 
man this freedom of will, doth not entitle ae to be the 
author of evill. 1672 Sir T. Browne Lett. Friend vii. 
(1881) 131, I was not so curious to entitle the stars unto any 
concern of his death. 1690 Locke Govt. 1. xi. § 154 How 
ready Zeal for Interest and Party is to entitle Christianity 
to their Designs. 

1607-12 Bacon Ess. Praise (Arb.) 352 Wherein a man 
is..most defective. .that will the flatterer intitle him to per- 
force. 1649 Jer. TayLor Gt. Exemp. 11. 100 Nor intitle 
God in our impotent..fansyes. 1663 J. SpeNcER Prodigies 
(1665) 359 An event to which I incline to intitle the especial 
agency of the Devil. 

+b. reff. To lay claim “0. Obs. 

1655 Futter Ch, Hist. 1. i. § 4 Churches are generally 
ambitious to entitle themselves to Apostles, for their 
Founders. —_ Br. Luoyp Fun. Serm. Bp. Wilkins, To 
entitle themselves to dying men, even those, whose whole 
life was a testimony against them. a@ 1718 Penn Life Wks. 
1726 I. 155 Such as intitle themselves to Christianity, whilst 
Strangers to the Terrors of the Lord for Sin. 

+e. To impute (something) Zo. Obs. Cf. 1c. 

1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 267 What Testimonies their 
opposite Arminian Errors..can rake vp together, to intitle 
them vnto our Church. 1647 H. More Poems Pref., If we 
can but once entitle our opinions. .to Religion. a@ 1662 [see 
Entit Linc 62, s6.] 1665 GLanviLt Sceps. Sci. 37 Intitling 
the Opinion of Intentional Species to Aristotle. 

Hence Enti-tled f/. a., that has a title or quali- 
fication; qualified. Enti-tling vd/. sé. Enti‘tle- 
ment, a means of entitling ; a designation, name. 
Enti'tler, one who entitles, or gives a title or 
name to. 

1869 Daily News 9 Dec., The objections of entitled op« 
posers, @ 1662 Heyiyn Lifé Adp. Laud (1668) 127 The 


ENTO-. 


1835 
Lait’s Mag. 11. 670 Objections were raised .. against so 


unlucky an entitlement. 1653 AsHweLt Fides Afost. 225 
And this may be therefore judged the .. most likely to be 
intended by the first entitlers. 

Entitule, obs. var. INTITULE v. arch. = ENTITLE. 

Entity (entiti). Forms: 7 entitie, -ye, (en- 
tite), 7- entity. [ad. late L. extitat-em, f. ens, 
enti-s: see Ens. Cf. Fr. entité, It. entita, Sp. 
entitad, 

The orig. sense was aéstr., but, in accordance with the 
usual tendency of such words, it early acquired a concr. 
sense (= Ens), which predominates in mod. use.] : 

1. Being, existence, as opposed to non-existence ; 
the existence, as distinguished from the qualities 
or relations, of anything. 

1596 Bett Surv. Popery m1. ix. 372 God. .is the principall 
agent of the real and positive entities thereof. 1647 H. 
More Song of Soul, Antipsychopannychia 1. xxix, Both 
Night and Coldnesse.. have reall entitie. 1656 Hoses 
Liberty, Necess. & C. (1841) 135 Entity is better than nonen- 
tity. 1710 BerkeLey Princ. Hum, Knowl. § 81 The positive 
abstract idea of quiddity, entity, or existence. 1830 Hrr- 
SCHELL Stud. Nat, Phil. 108 In the 70 év and the 70 wy dv, 
that is to say, in entity and nonentity. 1837-9 HaLtam 
Hist, Lit. (1847) 111. iil. § 9. 305 Entity or real being. 

2. That which constitutes the being of a thing ; 
essence, essential nature. 

1643 R. O. Man’s Mort. vii. 54 He, that is, his Entite, 
person, even all that went to make him man. 1648 
Crasuaw Steps to Temple 81 Dear hope !..The entity of 
things that are not yet. @ 1688 Cupwortu Jymut. Morality 
(1731) 16 It is impossible any Thing should Be..withouta 
Nature or Entity. | 1785 Reip /ut. Powers 399 For the 
entity of all theoretical truth is nothing else but clear in- 
telligibility. ; . 

8. concr. Something that has a real existence; 
an Ens, as distinguished from a mere function, 
attribute, relation, etc. + Rational entity: = L. 
ens rationts, a thing which has an existence only 
as an object of reason. 

1628 T. Spencer Logick 209 The specificall difference is a 
rationall entitie and no more. 1685 BoyLe Evg. Notion Nat. 
22 This Death, .is neither a Substance, nor a Positive Entity. 
but a meer Privation. 1735-8 BotincBroKe Ox Parties 139 
"Till it becomes an ideal Entity, like the Utopia. 1855 H. 
Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. v. x. 626 No effort of 
imagination enables us to think of a shock, however minute, 
except as undergone by an entity. 1871 Darwin Desc. 
Max 1. vii. 228 Those..must look at species either as 
separate creations or. .distinct entities. 

+b. An actual quantity (however small). Odés. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 123 Eruptions of Aire, though small 
and slight, give an Entitie of Sound, 

ec. (See quot.) 

1881 SpottiswooveE in Nature No. 624. 572 In some tubes, 
the exhaustion of which is very moderate..the blocks of 
light termed entities by Mr. De La Rue are formed. 

4. indefinitely. What exists ; ‘ being’ generally. 

1604 Epmonps Odserv. Casar’s Com. 39 Our knowledge 
were equall to vniuersall entitie. 1670 Eacuarp Cont. 
Clergy 56 We be but mites of entity, and crumbs of some- 
thing. 1699 Gartu Dispens. 3 How the dim Speck of 
Entity began T’extend its recent Form, and stretch to 
Man. 1829 I. TayLor Zuthus. ii. (1867) 31 He has become 
.. infinitely less than an atom... an incalculable fraction of 
positive entity ! 

Ento- (ento), prefix (before a vowel commonly 
reduced to ext-), repr. Gr, évrds within, inside, in 
many compounds of mod. formation relating to 
anatomy and biology, as E‘ntoblast [Gr. BAaarés 
sprout], the nucleolus of a cell. E:ntocalca’- 
neal a. (see quot. and CALCANEAL). Entoco‘n- 
dyloid a. [Gr. «déviva-os knuckle + -o1D] (see 
quot.). Emntocu‘neiform a. (see quot. and Cu- 
NEIFORM). E‘ntocyst (see quot. and Cyst). 
E-ntoderm (Gr. dépya skin], the outer layer of 
the blastoderm, also called hyfodlast. Ento- 
gastric a. [see GASTRIC], pertaining to the inte- 
rior of the stomach or of the gastric cavity. 
Entoglossal a. [Gr. yA@ao-a the tongue+-aL], 
a term applied to one of the bones of the hyoidean 
arch in some fishes, which supports the tongue. 
Entome‘tatarse [mod.L. metatarsus], the bones 
between the tarsus and the toes: see quot. for 
Entocalcaneal. Entopa‘rasite (see quot. 1861) ; 
hence Emtoparasitic a. E:ntoperi‘pheral a. 
(see quot. and PERIPHERAL). E-ntophyte [Gr. 
gutév plant], a plant growing within the sub- 
stance of other plants or animals; hence Ento- 
phytic a. Entopro-ctous a. [Gr. mpwxrés anus, 
rump], belonging to the Zx/foprocta, a class of 
Polyzoa, in which the anus lies within the circle 
of tentacles. Entopte-rygoid a. [see PrERY- 
Gop] (see quot.). Ento:ptic a. [see Opric], re- 
lating to the appearance of the different internal 
structures of the eye; hence Entoptics 50. (see 
quot.). Entoste'rnal a, [see STERNAL], pertain- 
ing to the extosternum or median piece of the 
sternum or breastbone, very largely developed in 
birds. Entortie a, [see Orc], pertaining to or 
occurring in the inner ear. E:ntotympa‘nic a. 
[see TyMPantc], situated within the ¢ympanum or 
drum of the ear. 

28-2 


ENTOIL. 


1864 WessteR, *Exfobast, the nucleolus of a cell. 1854 
Owen in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) Il. 74/1 One [process], calle 
the *‘ entocalcaneal’, projects from below the entocondyloid 
cavity, and from the ‘part of the upper end of the *en- 
tomesiare, p-| The inner of the two cavities Caters 
condyles. .is the *‘entocondyloid’ cavity. 1855 — r 
Teeth 254 The brachial artery r plates the entocondyloid 
ridge. — in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 81/2 The *entocunei- 
form bone, 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 186 Of the three 
— mene, ee innermost, reas om mecuen n sa is te 
est, 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex. *Entocyst, the inner layer 
the cuticular envelope of the Polyz 1879 tr. Haeckel's 
Evol. Man |. iii. 67 The lower, which forms the organs of 
digestion and reproduction, Huxley called the *Entoderm, 
or Inner-layer. 1877 Huxtey Anat. Jnv. Ax. iii. 150 The 
details of this process of *entogastric gemmation have been 
traced by Haeckel in Carmarina hastata, 1878 Brit Ge- 
genbauer’s Comp. Anat. 472 The rudimentary first_ arch 
fuses to form the so-called “entoglossal bone. 1861 Hume 
tr. Moquin-Tandon u. vu. 324 Some writers have pro- 
posed to call them [Entozoa] *Ento-parasites. Davis 
Polaris Exp. App. 653 All the animals should be ex- 
amined for ecto- and ento-parasites. 1861 H. MACMILLAN 
Footn. Page Nat. 167 Animals of feeble vitality .. are 
rarely, if ever, free from these *ento-parasitic plants. 1855 
H. Spencer Princ. Psychol, (1870) I. 250 Those [feelings] 
internally initiated, which we may conveniently call *ento- 
ripheral. 1861 H. Macmitran Footn. Page Nat. 167 
pwards of ten species of *entophytes have already been 
discovered parasitic upon man. 1847-9 Topp Cyct. Anat. 
IV. 118/1 This substance [White Thrush] is in part *ento- 
phytic. 1861 H. Macmitran Footn. Page Nat. rao En- 
tophytic fungi spring from beneath the cuticle of living 
lants. 1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. An. xii. 680 The lowest 
nown term .. of the Malacozoic Series is an *entoproc- 
tous Polyzoon. 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 79/1 
The *entopterygoids. 1880 GuntHER Fishes 55 The entop- 
terygoid, an oblong and thin bone attached to the inner 
border of the palatine and pterygoid. 1 BERNSTEIN 
Five Senses 80 All such phenomena are called *entoptic, 
because they deal with the perceptions of the internal 
portions of the eye. 1876 Catal, Sci. App. S. Kens. 551 
Apparatus to determine the position of entoptic objects—in 
the humours of the eye, 186g Reader 2 July 1 The light 
that enters the eye may, under certain conditions, cause 
one to see objects that exist within the eye-ball; and an 
investigation of these conditions is called *Entoptics. 1835-6 
Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 284/1 A middle one [z. ¢. centre] which 
supports the keel, termed..the *entosternal. 1854 OweNin 
Circ. Sc. (¢. 1865) II. 69/2 The median piece of the plastron, 
called ‘ entosternal’, answers to the sternum of the croco- 
dile. 1878 Foster Phys. ut. iii. 457 Corresponding to en- 
toptic phenomena there are various *entotic phenomena. 
188: Mivart Cat 65 An internal, much wider part, the 
*ento-tympanic. 

Entoast: see En- pref.) 3. 

Entoil (entoi'l), v. avch. Also 6-7 entoyle, 7 
intoyl. [f. Ex-1+Tom sd.2] trans. To bring into 
toils or snares; to entrap, ensnare. Chiefly fg. 

1621 G. Sanpys Ovid’s Met. v. 104 None more The chace 
affected, or t'intoyle the Bore, 1875 Browninc Jan 
Album 11 You entoil my legs, And welcome, for I like it. 

Jig. 1581 W. CrarkeE in Confer. iv. (1584) Ff iij b, Thus 
you are entoyled. 1590 Barrow & GreEenwoop in Confer. 
46 The furder and more you striue against the truth, the 
furder and faster you entoyle your self. a 1626 Bacon New 
Atl, (1650) 13 Entoyled both their Navy, and their Campe, 
with a greater Power than theirs, both by Sea and id. 
1652 Bentowes Theoph. x1. Ixxix, Nere in the net of 
Slothfulnesse entoyl’d. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xxxii, So 
mused awhile, entoyled in woofed fantasies. 1879 BRown- 
inc Ned Bratts 43 Mounting until its mesh Entoiled all 
heads in a fluster. 

Hence Entoi‘lment. rare. The action of en- 
toiling ; the state of being entoiled. 

1855 Browninc Men & Wom. u. Before, In torture and 
entoilment. 


+ Entoi‘re, a. (quasi-sd. and quasi-adv.) Her. 
Oés. Also 6-8 entoyre. [perh.a misspelling of 
Fr, entouré pa. pple. of entourer to surround. See 
Enrour v.] (See quots.) 

1562 LeicH Armorie (1597) iij, The third [sort of bor- 
dure] is called Entoyre, the which is, when dead things do 
occupy the same bordure, as mollets, Roundels, and such 
like. 166x Morcan SPA. Lepr rif 3 u. vi. 61 Or, a Bordure 
Sable charged with Entoyre of 8 Besants. 1721-1800 BalLey, 
Extoyre..is when a Border is charged with any sort of 
Things which have not Life, except ves, Flowers, and 
Fruits. [And in mod. Dicts.] 

Entomb (entim), v. Also 6 entoumbe, 
6-8 intomb(e, (6 intumb). [a. OF. extoumbe-r, 
entumbe-r, Fr. entombe-r, f. en in (see EN-) + 
tombe Toms. 

1. ¢vans. To place ina tomb ; to bury, inter. 

a. 1578 Hunnis aba tae Honye 130 Entoumbe thou me 
in Canaan. Sir T. Hersert Trav. opt Therein is 


220 


inc. : IL. xiv. the 
great Earthquake of 9 5) ; nt oto 
were at once entom!| So reise Tee aplel of the Coan 
ig ese maple ye the four corners of acts of 
3. To serve as a tomb for; to receive as in a 
tomb. /it. and fig. 


bury i 
entrails! 1812 H. & J. Smrru Rey. Addr., Ham, ih. Farmer, 
None of your Agyptian ya to entomb subscribers 
capitals. 1821 SHettey Hed/as 8 If Hell should entomb thee. 

Entombed (ent#md), 7/. a. [f. Evtome v7. + 
-ED1,] Laid in a tomb; buried. /#. and fig. 

1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xv. 305 Alemons sonne erects 
his citie walls: Which of th’intombed he Crotona calls. 
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 58 The vast heritage of sinne your 
Intombed father left upon your score. 1746-7 Hervey 
Medit, (1818) 51, 1 bid adieu to this entom' warrior. 1866 
G. Macponatp Aun. Q. Neighd. xiii. (1878) 248 From a 
living Now to an entombed and consecrated Past. 

Entombing (ent/-min), vd/. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-InG!.] The action of the vb. Enroms ; the state 
of being entombed. 

1564-78 Butteyn Dial agst. Pest. (1888) 17 The worthy 
Plo an of his hones, 1644 Br. Hatt j Som Wks. u. 
(1660) 130 Lazarus was called (after three dayes ———e 
out of his grave. 1668 Witkins Real. Char. 287 Entom 
ing, Tomb, Sepulchre, Monument, Epitaph. 

+ Ento-mbless, 2. Os. vare—1. [f. as prec. 
+-LEsS.] Exempt from entombing; undying. 

1601 Weever Mirr. Mart, F ij, Set forth Immortall verse 
for my entomblesse worth. 

Entombment (ent#-m,mént). [f. as prec. + 
-MENT.] The action of entombing ; ¢. and fig. 

1666 ALsop Maryland (1869) 78 aay oe him no other 
intombment than, etc. @ 1677 Barrow Ws. (1686) III. 218 
It [idleness] is the very entombment of a man, 1842 
Blackw. Mag. L11. 420The double entombment of Napoleon. 
1877 Moztey Univ. Serm. iii. 61 What an entombment of 
mind should we have! 


Entometatarse: see EnT0- pref. 

Entomic (entp'mik), a. [f. Gr. vroy-a insects 
(see EntoMo-)+-10.] Of pid haps. to insects. 

1862 Mrs. Sretr Last Years Jnd. 28 Farewell to Egypt, 
..its dust and its entomic activities. 1880 M. Cotuixs 7%. 
in Garden 11, 102 A society which should take accurate 
record of all ornithic, entomic, and botanic facts. 


Entomical (entp'mikal), a. [f. as prec. +-aL.] 
= prec. In mod. Dicts. 

Entomo- (before two unaccented syllables en- 
tomg’-; before one unacc. syll. entg'md-; before 
an acc. syll. entémo-), combining form of Gr. 
évropos adj. ‘cut up’, in neut. pl. used in sense ‘ in- 
sects’, with reference to the division of their 
bodies into segments: cf. L. znsecta: see INSECT. 
Occurring with sense ‘insect’ in many scientific 
compounds of modern formation, as Entomor- 
genous a. Sot. [Gr. -yevjs born, produced + 
-ous], having its growth in the body of insects. 
Ento'molite, Geo/. [Gr. Ai@os stone], a fossil 
insect. Entomo'meter [Gr. pérpoy measure], 
an instrument for measuring the parts of insects. 
Entomo'phagan, Zo0/, [Gr. pay-civ to eat +-AN], 
one of the “xtomophaga or insect-eaters—in mam- 
mals, a division of the Marsupialia, in insects of 
the Hymenoptera. Entomo‘phagous a, [Gr. 
gay-eiv to eat+-ous], insect-eating. Entomo’- 
philous a. Bot. [Gr. pid-os friend + ti applied 
to plants in which fertilization is effected through 
the agency of insects. Entomo‘stracan a. Zool. 
and Geol. [Gr. éorpax-ov shell +-an], of or be- 
longing to the Extomostraca, one of the orders of 
the Crustacea (see quot.); also as sd. Ento- 
mo'’stracous a. [Gr. dorpax-ov + -ous] = prec. 
Entomo'tomist, Zoo/. [f. next + -1sT], one who 
dissects insects. Entomo‘tomy, Zoo/. [Gr. -roula 
cutting], the science of the dissection of insects 
to ascertain their structure, insect anatomy. 

1865 Reader No. 119. fungi. 


"ear te” oe 


* 


ENTOURAGE. 


1816 Kirsy & Sp. Extomol. (1843) 1. 202 The utility of En- 
tomological knowledge. 1826 Syp. Smit Wes. (2859) Il. 
81 All nature is alive, and seems to be her 


entomological hosts to eat you up. ¢CuLLocn Ace. 
Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 117 Three of entomological 
research in Brasil” ee Years Nat. Hist. Comm. 222 


Sandal-wood is much used for entomological cabinets. 

Entomologist (entémp'lidzist). [f. as prec. 
+-IsT.] One who studies entomology. 

XL hil. Trans. LX1. The entomologists have 
dhieed the kivales incscts cmdie ths guses of dhe manne 
1816 Kirpy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) I. 30 The remark of an 
author who himself i 


is no ent 1875 HAMERTON 
Intell, Lifet. vii. 39 We have heard. .even of a blind entomo- 


(entomg'lédzeiz), v. [f. as 
prec. + -IZE.] intr. To study entomology; to 
collect specimens, or observe the habits, of insects. 

1815 Taytor in Robberds Mem. II. 455 The engineer. .is 
not to lose his time in zoologizi logizing, etc. 
1828 J. M. Hersert in Darwin's Life & Lett. (1887) I. 168 
On these occasions in entomologi most indus- 
i 1849 Kinestey in Life (1877) I. 211 It is too..wet 


tomology (entimglddgi). [ad. Fr. ento- 
mologie (1764 in Littré), mod.L. entomologia f. 
ENTOMO-+Aoyia (see -LOGY).] That branch of 
natural history which deals with the physiology, 
distribution, and classification of insects. 

1766 tr. Bonnet’s Contemp. Nat. 1x. ix. I have given the 
name insectology to that part of natural history which has 
insects for its object: that of entomology .. would un- 
doubtedly have been more suitable .. but its barbarous 
sound terryfy’d me. 1977 G, Wurte Sedborne xxxiv. 91 
Nothing would recommend entomol more than, etc. 
1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 11. 213 The branch of science 
named Entomology. 7 Eng. Traits, 1st Visit 
Eng. Wks. (Bohn) TI. 3 lor despised entomology. 

mtone (entdun), v. [a. Fr. entonne-r: see 
INTONE.] ¢vans.=INTONE ; occas. used arch. and 
techn. with reference to church music. 

c 1485 Digsy Myst. (1882) tv. 1498 Now may thou entone 
amerysonge. /did. 1620 Entonesumermonye! 1833 Mrs. 
Browninc Prometh. Bd. Poet.Wks. 1850 I. 158 All the mortal 
nations. .Are a dirge entoning. : c 

Hence Ento‘nement, the action of intoning. 

x Rock Ch. of Fathers \V. xii. 137 Each took his 
own side of the choir for the t of the iph 

Entonic (entgnik), a. Med. [f. Gr. &vrov-os 
strained (f. év in + révosastraining) +-10.] ‘ Intense, 
having exaggerated action, or great tension or tone’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). In mod. Dicts. 

Entoparasite, -parasitic, -peripheral, 
-phyte, -phytic, -proctous, -pterygoid, 
-optic(s: see Enro- ra 

+ Ento'rtill, v. Os. Also 7 entortle, intortle, 
-tell. [ad. F. entortiller, f. en (see En-) + tortiller 
to twist, ad. late L, tortillare, f. tort-us, pa. pple. 
of torguére to twist.] trans. To entwine, coil. 

1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T.u. 143 The red scarlet 
lace of Christs blood, must be entortled and interwoven into 
a bracelet. 1652 Scrater 2nd Cir. Auth., Ep. Ded., All 
which, so intortelled as they are within each other, etc. 

H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxviii. (1663) 110 His tail 
might be some twenty fathoms long, and was entortilled 
about such another Monster. 

Hence + Ento'rtilled, #/. a., + Entortilla‘tion, 
Oés., the action of twisting or entwining. 

1629 J. Maxwe.t tr. Herodian (1635) 236 By which darke 
and intortled Speeches he meant they should rather ghesse 
at what was done, than directly understand him. @ 1631 
Donne tr. Avisteas’ Septuagint (1633) 47 Bordecs, Rageegy 
Flowries, Wrappings, Entortilations and such like. 

Entosternal: see Enro- pref. 

Entosthoblast (entp'spoblast). _[f. extostho- 
taken as ee ee of Gr. &rogGe from 

See quot.) 


Wel Spat So. ney ee ser a term for a granule 
within 


nucleolus of a nucleated cell. 
Entotic, Entotympanic: see Enro- ed 
+Entou'ch, v. Olds. rare—', [f. En-1 + 
Toucu v.] trans. To touch upon, touch. 
1426 Pol. Poems (1859) 11. 136 After hem..The boke also 
entouchid with his hond, Was Herry sworne. 
Entoumbe, obs. form of Enroms, 


ly. 
for ent 


2 Curious * g 

1840-3 Humbe Dict. Geol. § Min.,*Entomolite, a fossil 
3 @ petrified insect. 1839-47 Topp Cyc/. Anat, III. 

259/2 But in most of the *Entomophagous genera.. the 


richly entom ‘atima, daughter and heire eir gi 
Prophet Mahomet. iy oat iP Keysler’s Trav. (1760) 1. 202 
Here is entombed the heart of an unconquered hero. 1842 
Pricuarp Nat. Hist. Man 189 The remains of the dead 
“ % a in —— er st mate hibiting of 
» 8S LEMING ie Ep. 115 e exhibiting 

dese: honor unto at oer he was intumbed. 161 
Sreep Theat, Gt. Brit, vi. (1614) 11/1 K. Henry VI. .. was 
intombed at Windsor. 1775 Avan Amer. Ind. 187 [The 
dead husband] is lesombad a the house under her bed. 


1593 SHAks. Lucr. Entombs her outcry in her lips 
sweet fold. x rie Christ's T. 5 b, ‘Thou art..en- 
tombed in Ashes like Gomorra. 
om They intomb and balist with sudden destruction. 
1665 J. Matt Offer of F. Help 118 Seas of wrath are .. 
threatning to entomb 1742 Younc Nt. Th. 1X. 2 
When Time..In Nature's ample ruins lies intomb'd. 


Pp a marked inferiority of development. 

Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § $217 Delpino has classified flowers 
into A hilous and *E phil 1882 G. ALLEN in 
Nature 17 Aug. 373 Flantago must be descended from an 
entomophilous ancestor. 1835 Kirsy Had. § Just. Anim. 
II. xiii. 7 To place the Cirripedes immediately before the 
*Ent r 1847 Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 
II. 199 He had added two Entomostracans. 1835-6 Topp 
Cyct. Anat. 1, 43 Small animals, such as *entomostracous 


crustacea. 
Entomoid (entémoid), a. [f. as prec. +-ow.] 
Having the form or > cagares of an 3 
insect-like. Also quasi-sé, 
1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat, I. 112/1 These entomoid aquatic 


are g car 

Entomological (c:ntimolpdgikil), a. [f. EN- 

TOMOLOG-Y + -IC + -AL.] Of, or pertaining to, 
entomology or insects. 


with an ornament not strictly heraldic, is said by 
some to be exfoured with them. In mod. Dicts. 

|| Ento e ger [Fr. ; f. entourer to 
surround, f. » that which surrounds, f. ev in + 
tour circuit] soiniaary. 1 environment; ¢sf. the 
assemblage of persons who surround, or are in 
somes 5 es ail vom 

@esars «231 
stecktes elo kaa “affected the eof the 


its repu +. ‘ og the... te (ees) 578 
perial office. HACKERAY Pendennis 
The house and its ent Froupe His?. vi. 


tourage. 1 $ 

Renard .. had ae Magee the en e 
hich onrromnded sensei oeg Collage Fas. 1T 
(Ont bles Gon) VE Lnteod, pa The epmmarance and 

age of the original paper. 


ENTOZOON. 


Entower: see En- fref.! 1 a. 

Entoyre, variant of EnrorrE. 

Entozoon (entozdugn). Zool. [mod. f. Ento- 
+ (Gov animal.] _ A parasitic animal that lives 
within another. Also a¢¢rzb. In < entozo‘a, a class 
of animals taking their name from their mode of 
existence, though, as regards structure, they belong 
to various classes. 

-1836-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. II. 114 This singular Entozoon 
[4 e. Trichina] I discovered in a portion of the muscles of a 
male subject. 1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 25 The entozoon 
was about the size of a garden-pea. 1856 Lancet 12 Jan., 
Entozoon worms inhabiting the living body. 1882 O’Dono- 
van Merv II. 105 The stagnant rain-pools almost invariably 
contain the eggs of entozoon animals. 

Pl. 1834 MeMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 475 The 
second order of the Entozoa comprises, etc. 1851-9 OWEN 
in Adm. Man. Sci. Eng. 383 They should be examined for the 
per of entozoa, 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 109 

he fate of entozoa depends more upon chance than that of 
any other animals. 

Also Entozo‘al a., a. of or pertaining to the 
Entozoa; b. of disease: Caused by the presence 
of Entozoa. Emtozo‘ica. [+-10.]=prec. E:nto- 
zoolo‘gically adv., with reference to entozoology; 
from the point of view of an entozoologist. E:n- 
tozoo‘logist, one who studies entozoology; one 
who makes the Z/oz0a an especial study, E:n- 
tozoo‘logy, that branch of zoology which treats 
of the Lxtozoa. 

1864 Reader IV. 669/2 For preventing the ravages of this, 
as of all other forms of *entozoal disease. 1866 /bid. No. 1 59 
36/3 The entozoal portions. 1861 Huime tr. MZoguin- 
Tandon i. vu. 324 Crustaceous Entozoa..*Entozoic Worms. 
1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 490 Some en- 
tozoic influence may beat work. 1879 G. ALLEN Col. Sense 
iii. 24 The lower vermiform Articulata are mostly entozoic, 
and these of course are ae blind. 1865 Reader 4 Feb. 
"43/2 Still, *entozoologically speaking, no harm follows. 

mtrable, obs. var. of ENTERABLE. 

+ Entra‘ct, v. Ods. [var. of Entrar, after 
L. tractére.] trans. To treat. 

@ 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 107 Some..had 
better deserved then so to have bene entracted. 

|| Entr’acte (aatrakt). [Fr. extracte, f. entre 
between + acte act.] a. The interval between two 
acts of a play in a theatrical performance. b. A 
performance of music, dancing, etc., taking place 
between the acts. 

[1750 Cuesterr. Lett. (1774) I. clxxxvii. 563 Play..is only 
the ‘inter-acts’ of other amusements.] 1863 Ouipa Held in 
Bondage (1870) 52'That old man there, who droops his head, 
takes snuff during the entr’actes. 1884 Stevenson Nez 
Arab, Nts, 310 It was more like an entr’acte in a farce of 
Moliére’s, 

|| Entra‘da, entra‘do. Oss. [Sp. entrada 
entry, revenue. For the form eztrado cf. -ADo 2.] 

1. A ceremonial entry into a place. 

wk Crowne ¥uliana ww. 40 As souls make their Entradoes 
in the skies. 

2. Income, revenue. 

1618-29 in Rushw. Hist. Col/. (1659) I. 15 It would bea 
profitable course to increase your Entrada. 1632 MassincER 
Maid of Honour 1. i, And talked of nothing But your rents 
and yourentradas. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas, J (1655) 111 
Upon this account was brought into the Exchequer, an 
entrado of at least One hundred thousand pounds. 

+ Entra‘de. Os. vare—'. [Anglicized form 
of prec.: see -ADE.] = ENTRADA I. 

1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. u. 150 All was pacify’d 
and set right.. before the Entrade. : : 

Entrail (e'ntreil), 56.1 Chiefly in pl. Forms; 
a. 4-7 entraile, 4-5 entraille, 5-7 entrayle, 5 
-traylle, (5 entrell(e, -treyll), 6-7 entral(l(e ; 
8. 6-8 intrail(e, 6-7 intral(l(e, (6 intrayle, 7 
interal). [a. OF. extraille (now only in pl. ex- 
trailles) = Pr. intralia:—late L. intralia inward 
parts, intestines, neut. pl. of *¢#tvalzs adj. ‘ in- 
ward’, f. zwter between, among: see INTERIOR. 
Cf. L. interdnea entrails, whence OF. entraigne, 
Sp. entraftas. As the word, like others with same 
termination, represents a Lat. neut. pl. taken as a 
fem. sing., it had primarily a collective sense, the 
sing. and pl. being in early use equivalent.] 

I. In seng. 

+1. collect. The intestines or internal parts gene- 
rally ; the ‘inside’. Ods. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 26756 Pis entrail in fire pat brennes bi- 
takens bin vn-scriuen sinnes. ¢ 1300 K. Adis, 3628 He smot 
that duk, on the breost ; Thorugh livre, and his entraile. 
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 11800 The bestis were britnet & broght 
to auter, With the entrell euermore euyn vppo lofte. 
1652 AsHMOLE Theat. Chem. Brit. liii, 224 Yet have y mor 
poyse closyd in mine entrayle. 

+b. Cookery. A stuffed paunch. Ods. 

c 1430 Cookery Bk. 38 An poate Spee a_chepis 
wombe; take Polettys y-rostyd..and do in the wombe. 

2. [With sense inferred from the pl.: see 3 a.} 
An internal organ of the body ;=L. wiscus. Now 
rare. : 

1677, Barrow Sevm. (1686) III. 135 The heart, that 
material part and principal entrail of our Body, is the chief 
seat of Ane soul, 1807 G. Grecory Dict. Arts § Sc. Il. 
444/1 s. v. Plants, Linnzus defines them [stamina] to be an 
entrail of the plant. 1856 KAne-Avct. ers Ke II. iii, 41 To 
taste an occasional entrail of our last half dozen rabbits. 


221 


b. esp. A bowel, intestine. 

3 ve _— 116 An Entrelle, vdz A tharme. 

- Ings 

3. a. gen. The organs and parts enclosed in the 
trunk of man or other animals. vare in mod. use. 

a. a 1300 Cursor M. 26752 Alle your entrailles ilkon in well- 
and pottes sal be don. 1481 Caxton J/yrr. 1. xv. 100 The 
spyther..spynneth and weueth of his entraylles the thredes 
of whiche he maketh his nettes. 1555 Even Decades W. 
Ind. m1. 1. (Arb.) 42 Whether perles bee the byrthe or 
spaune of there entrals. 16r0 Heatry St. Aug. Citie of God 
526 The lungs, the softest of all the entrailes but for the 
marrow. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) 1. 56 The divine 
vapour... had diffused itself through the entrails of the 
priestess. 1772 Priestiry Just. Relig. (1782) 1. 200 The 
priests used to.. devour the entrails of goats. 1838-43 
Arnotp Hist. Rome II. xxix. 143 The signs given by the 
entrails of the sacrifice. 

B. 1557 Nortu tr. Gueuara’s Diall Princes 43b/x The 
wormes shall eate hys intrayle sin the graue. 1588 SHAKs. 
Tit. A.1. ii, 144 And intrals feede the sacrifising fire. 16 
Davenant A lbovine (1673) 431 All m’interals are shrun 
up. 1728T. SHertpan Persius Sat. u. (1739) 31 Is it by the 
fat Intrails of Beasts? ; ‘ 

b. spec. The contents of the abdominal cavity ; 
the bowels; the intestines. 

a. 1382 Wyciir Acts i. 18 Alle his [Judas’] entrailis ben 
sched abrood. 1486 Bk. St. Albans C vb, For sekenes that 
haukis haue i their entrellis. _c148g9 Caxton Sonnes of 
Aymon ix. 251 The wounde of Rycharde was soo greefull 
to see .. For all the entraylles appyered oute of his body. 
1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. Ep. Rdr., The lower 
story of this frame, where the guttes and entrailes of the 
body..haue their abiding. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 1. 783 
Thine own begotten, breaking violent way Tore through 
my entrails. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 142 The 
flattering bait of pride to get her swallowed down into the 
entrails. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 372 That intrailles of bestes 
and blode putts be clansed .. by night. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. 
IIT, w.iv. 23 Wilt thou, O God, flye from such gentle Lambs, 
And throw them in the intrailes of the Wolfe? 1617 Mark- 
HAM Cava, 111. 41 It also purgeth the stomacke and intrals of 
all molten grease. 1704 Swirt Batt. Bhs. (1711) 240 If the 
Materials be nothing but Dirt, spun out of your own In- 
trails (the Guts of Modern Brains). 1726 SLOANE Yamaica 
II. 304 The intrails were the same as those of other pigeons. 

+4, The inward parts regarded as the seat of 
the emotions, thoughts, etc.; = ‘heart’, ‘soul’; also 
in phrase + Lxtrazls of mercy. Cf. BowEL 3. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth, ut. xii, 107 Pe most[e] ardaunt 
loue of hys wijf brende pe entrailes of his brest. c1380 
Wycur Serm, Sel. Wks. II. 255 Ofte holy writt clepip 
mercy be entrailis of mercy. 1382 — Ecclus. xix. 23 The 
entrailes of hym ben ful of treccherie. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 
Iv. xiv. (1554) t14a, In her entrayles all malice was en- 
closed. 1574 HeLtowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1584) 264 
‘That I shoulde bee of malicious entrailes, either double in 
wordes. 1593 Suaxs. 3 He. VJ, 1. iv. 87. 1611 Heywoop 
Gold, Age 1.1. Wks. 1874 III. 11 Her Intrails were all ina 
mutiny. 1790 Burke /y, Rev. 128 In England we have not 
yet been completely embowelled of our natural entrails. 

5. transf. The inner parts of anything; the in- 
terior, internal contents (of the earth, etc., often 
with personification), Now somewhat rare. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos xix. 73 The rotes haue hidde hem- 
self wythin the entraylles of therthe their moder. 1576 
Fieminc Panoplie Ep. 282 Such a one searcheth the very 
heart and entrayles of the ground, for gold and silver. 1602 
FuLBeckE Pandectes Law Nations 73 The other entralles 
of the earth: as Pitch, Chalke, lyme. 1610 SHaxs. Tevzf. 
1. ii. 295, I will rend an Oake And peg thee in his knotty 
entrailes. 1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia vi. 215 The Riuer 
doth pierce many daies iourney the entrailes of that Country. 
a1661 Furter Worthies (1840) Il. 263 The entrails of 
such utensils [pillow, or bolster] amongst the Romans were 
made but of dust. @1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 92 
Even the sun .. May have darkand smoaky entrails. 1683 
Pettus Fleta Min. 1. 12 The Monochord whose Entrals 
are curiously composed of Metals. 1772-82 Mason Eng. 
Garden u.(R.), Nor thou, fell tube ! hose iron entrails 
hide the sulphurous blast. 1866 Hartwic Harmonies Nat. 
in Spurgeon Treas. Dav, Ps. xcv. 4 Filtering through the 
entrails of the earth. .the thermal springs gush forth. 

+b. of immaterial things. Ods. 

1584 Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 74 He must rippe vp 
the verie intrayles of our wordes, ere hee can fetche out this 
meaning. 1642 RoGers Naaman 867 Sinne .. hath seated 
it selfe deeply in the entrals of thy soule. @ 1655 VINES 
Lord’s Supp. (1677) 324 To look into the entrals of this 
Sacrament. 

+ Entrai‘l, 53.2 Ods. rare. [f. next vb.; cf. 
AF. entrail ‘reticulum ’.] The action of the verb 
ENTRAIL; a coil. 

1590 Spenser F, Q.1. i. 16 Folds.. stretcht now forth 
at length without entraile. 

+ Entrai‘l, v. OJs. Also 6 entrayl, intrail. 
[ad. OF. evtrezllier, f. en- (see En-1) + ¢rezlle 
trellis-work.] ¢vans. To entwine ; interlace. 

1577-87 Hotinsuep Chron, III. 856/2 A wreath of gold 
curiouslie wrought and intrailed. 1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cad. 
Aug. 30 And over them spred a goodly wilde vine Entrailed 
with a wanton yvy twine. 1595 — Prothalamion 25 
A little wicker basket, Made of fine twigs, entrayled curi- 
ously. 1 W. Tuompson Efithalamium [Imitation of 
Spenser], Myrtle-girland green, Entrail’d with flowrets. 

+ Entrailed, A//. a. Obs. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 

1. Entwined, interwoven. 

Bg Mipvieton Micro-cynicon Wks. V. 492 Her high- 
pric’d necklace of entrailed pearls, i x 

2. Her. Entrailed cross; one drawn in outline, 
with looped flourishes at the corners (see figures 
in Leigh Joc. cet, and Elvin Dect. Her.). Sir J. 


ENTRANCE. 


Ferne refers disapprovingly to a use of the word 
as = UMBRATED. 

1562 LeicH Avmorie (1597) 36 He beareth argent a crosse 
entrailed. .it is alwaies sable, and is no bigger then touched 
with a pensell, or tricked with a pen. 1586 Ferner Blaz. 
Gentrie 175 You haue been taught to call this crosse en- 
trailled, 

Entrain (entrén), v.1 [ad. Fr. entratn-er, 
f. en- (L. inde) away + tratner to drag.] trans. 
To draw away with or after oneself; in early use 
Jig. to bring on as a consequence; in mod. use 
“it. but rare. 

1568 T Howett A7b . Amitie (1879) 40 Faith true obtaine 
.. Friend deere entraine. 1603 FLorio Montaigne i. v. 
(1632) 471 Yeares entraine me if they please, but backward. 
1657 TomLinson Renou's Disp. Ded., You entrain Humility 
and Integrity for your Retainers. 1698 VANBRUGH Zsop 
u. i, The Stomach .. with its destiny entrain’d their fate. 
1835 Lytton Réenzi 1v. ii. 198 Thou wert entrained to the 
slaughter. 1858 Mayne Rew in Chamb. Frnl. 1X. 172 
Entrained_in the crowd. 188 J. Hitt in Metal World 
8 Oct. 342 Independent of the water entrained. 

Entrain (entrén), v2 [f. Ex-14+ Trarn sd.] 
zrans. To put into a railway-train. 

Hence Entrai‘ning vd/. sd. 

1881 S/andard 11 July 6 The Volunteers were en-trained 
and despatched to their destinations without either undue 
hurry ordelay, 1881 Volunteer Rev.in Scotsman 29 Nov., 
The entraining and detraining of the men was carried on 
satisfactorily, 1882 ALison in Standard 7 Aug. 5/7 The 
guns and troops were quietly entrained at the. . Junction. 

+Emntral. 00s. rave—. In 7 entrall. [f. 
Enter v. + -AL. (OFr. had entraille in same 
sense.)] Entrance; entry. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul u. iii. 1. vi, None would 
vouchsafe the entrall [7¢7e tricentrall] Into this life. 

Entrammel (entre‘mél), v. Also 7 entramel. 
[f. En-1 + TRamMEL.] ¢vans. a. To put into 
trammels or nets. Only fg. To entangle, fetter, 
hamper. ‘+b. ? To bind, plait (the hair) (ods.). 

Hence +Entra‘mmelled ///. a. + Entra‘m- 
melling wvd/. sd. 

1598 FLorio, Lacignold..entramelings or curlings of haires 
wrought and enterlaced togither with ribands. 1603 — 
Montaigne i. v. (1632) 492 They ensnared, glewed, en- 
trameled, haltred and shackled themselves. 1611 Corer., 
Passefillons .. any frizled lockes, or entrammelled tufts of 
haire. @1670 Hacker Adp. Williams 1. (1692) 104 En- 
tramell’d with fictions and ignorance. 1841 Fraser's Mag. 
XXIII. 278 To thee alone can I entrust the duty of en- 
trammelling and fettering this bold spirit. 1880 F. Huerrer 
in Macm, Mag. Nov. 45 Twanging his guitar with no.. 
rule to entrammel his passionate effusion. 

Entrance (entrans), sb. Forms: 6-8 enter- 
ance, 6-7 enter-, entraunce, 6- entrance ; also 
6 intraunce. [a. OF. entrance, f. entrer to 
ENTER: see -ANCE.] 

1. The action of coming or going in. 

xr6or Suaxs. 7wel, NV. mt. i. 93, I will answer you with 
gate and entrance, but we are preuented. 1612 Euchir. 
Med. 154 The dose is .. to bee taken at the entrance into 
bed. 1628 Prynne Cexs. Cozens 38 He hath prescribed vs 
a short Eiaculation .. at our entrance into the Church. 
1720 Dre For Caft. Singleton vi. (1840) 100 In the .. first 
entrance of the waste, we were .. discouraged. 1791 Mrs. 
RavciirFe Row. Forest i, La Motte was interrupted by 
the entrance of the ruffian. 1839 James Louis XJV, II. 
286 ‘To witness the entrance of the Royal party. 

b. sfec. The coming of an actor upon the stage. 

1600 SHaks. 4. Y. LZ... vii. 141 They haue their Exits 
and their Entrances. 1679 Drypen 77. & Cr. Pref. 
Aiiijb, After an Entrance or two he lets ’em [Pandarus 
and Thersites] fall. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 
vii. 193 Appearing and acting upon the Stage without either 
Entrance or Exit. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 126 
Progress would mean something more than mere entrances 
and exits on the theatre of office. % 

e. £ccl. (transl. Gr. etood0s] Great and Little 
Entrance: in the Eastern Church, the bringing in 
respectively of the elements and of the gospels, in 
the eucharistic service. 

1855 P. Freeman Princ. Divine Service 1. 147. 1859 
Neace Liturg. Introd. xv. 1876 Dict. Christ. Antig. s.v. 

+d. Words spoken, or ceremonies observed, on 


entering. Ods. ; 
1693 Temple Menz. Wks. 1731 I. 396, I wou’d leave him 
there after the first Entrances were past. 


o, 
+ Jee 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W.1531) 1b, After my entraunce 
to religyon, consyderynge to what I had bounde myselfe. 
1535 CovERDALE Wisdom vii. 6 All men then haue one in- 
traunce vnto life, & one goinge out in like maner. 1614 
Rateicu Hist. World u. 399 This gave occasion to young 
David..to make a famous entrance into publique notice 
of the people, 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 1 ® 2 Wishing 
that ceremonial modes of entrance [before the publick] had 
been anciently established. 1888 Spectator 28 Apr. 562/2 
A measure for facilitating the entrance of Life-Peers into the 
House of Lords. z E 

b. esp. The entering zz/o or upon (office, du- 
ties, etc.). Formerly also adso/. accession (of 


a sovereign, etc.). . 

1559 HETHE in Strype Aux, Ref I. App. vi. 8 Paul the 
IVth of that name ..ever since his first entraunce into 
Peters chayre. 1612 WoopaLi Surg. Mate Ep. Salut. 3 
In the year of the great Plague at the first entrance of 
King James of blessed memorie. 1647 CLARENDON //ist. 
Reb, 1. (1843) 8/2 Before they made an entrance upon more 
solemn debates. 1649 Seven Laws Eng. 1. xvi. (1739) 30 
Kings furthermore bound themselves (at their entrance 


ENTRANCE. 


into the Throne) hereunto by an Oath. 1709 Srrvre Ann. 
Ref. I. xiii. 175 Not long from the om ee of the Queen's 
Mod, The oath required to 

to office, 
+c. ‘Intellectual ingress’ (J.); initiation. Ods. 

1612 Brinstey Lud, Lit. viii. 107 To attaine to make a 
more easie entrance, to that purity of the Latine tongue. 
1625 Bacon Ess. Trav. (Arb.) 521 He that trauaileth into 
a Country, before he hath some Entrance into the Language, 
goeth to Schoole, and not to Trauaile. 

d. Short for entrance fee, m i 

1681 W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 539 An entrance 
into aschool or entrance money. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3807/4 
‘To pay a Guinea and a half Sieiaman 4 Days before they 
Run. 1713 /éid. No. 5131/4 Subscribers to pay One Guinea 
Entrance. " 

3. Power, right, or opportunity of entering ; ad- 
mission. /¢¢. and fig. : 

1576 FLeminc Panoplie Ep. ® 3 It was my happie chance 
to have entrance into a goodly Gardene plotte. 1590 
Spenser F, Q. 1. iv. 6 A Porter .. Cald Malvenu, who en- 
trance none denide. 1695 Woopwarp Na?, Hist. Earth ut. 
§$ 1 (1723) 132 The Fissures whereinto it can get Admission 
or Enterance. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 124 The Nail 
— it have good entrance) will start aside. /did. 224 To 

ind bow great a Dy should have Entrance at a small Hole. 
1 Soutney St. Patrick's Purgatory 29 The gates of 
sale unclose, Free entrance there is given. 1838 Lytton 
Leila u. i. 17, I have your royal word, sire, for free entrance 
and safe egress. 1849 James Woodman vii, He retired a 
step or two to give him entrance. 

1g. 1576 Fieminc Panoplie Ep. 281 Upon these pre- 
misses, i see entraunce to this plaine conclusion. 1602 
Davison in Farr S. P. Eliz. (1845) I. 323 That my cries 
may entraunce pm bag 4 H. More Song of Soud u. iii. 
1v. xviii, Gods lovely life hath there no enterance. 1722 
Sewex Hist. Quakers (1795) 1. 35 All these reasons found 
little entrance with priests, magistrates and others. 

+4. a. The beginning or commencement (of a 
course or period of time). b. The first part, the 
opening words (of a chapter or book). Ods. 

a. 1549 CoverpaLe Evasm. Par. Philip. i. 5 Euer 
synce the fyrst entraunce of your profession, euen vnto this 
daye. 1621 Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 545 This is scarce the 
enterance: what will be the successe? 1639 SALTMARSHE 
Policy 70, 1 know no better Policy in the Preface or en- 
trance upon a designe than, etc. 1 UssHER Ann, 1. 1 
Upon the entrance of the night. 1693 Evetyn De a Quint. 
Compl. Gard. 1. 32 At the Entrance of the Spring. 

1552 Latimer Serm. Lord's Prayer u. 2 The entrance 
is this; Cum oratis, dicite, Paternoster, qui es in coelis. 
1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. iv. § 43. 212 Adde to this 
place, the entrance to his History. 1 Potter Antig. 
Greece it. xi. (1715) 100 As we learn from the very Entrance 
of the first Iliad, where he speaks of Achilles’ Anger. 1765 
BiacksTone Comm, I. 219 This was observed in the en- 
trance of the last chapter. 

5. concr. That by which anything is entered, 
whether open or closed; a door, gate, avenue, 
passage ; the mouth (of a river), Also, the point 
at which anything enters or is entered. 

1535 CoverDaLe £zek. xl. 38 A chambre also, whose in- 
traunce wasat the dore pilers. 1553 Epen Treat. New Ind. 
(Arb.) 26 At the entraunce at the great desert. 1606 SHaks. 
Tr. & Cr. ut. iii. 38 Achilles stands i’ th’ entrance of his 
Tent. 1652 NeepuaM tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 33 The more 
Northerly enterance of Nilus .. served instead of Bounds 
to the South part of the Land of Israel. 7 De For 
Crusoe 69, 1 made up the Entrance, which till now I had 
left open. ar Sir R. Witson Lif (1869) I. iii. 140 We 
were beating off the harbour’s entrance. 1860 TyNDALL 
Glac. 1. §8. 60 The glacier is forced through the entrance 
of the trunk valley. 1879 Hartan Eyesight iii. 38 This 
blind spot is at the entrance of the optic nerve, 

Sig. 1535 CoverpaLe Ecclus. i. 5 The euerlastinge com- 
maundementes, are the intraunce of her [wyszdome]. 1592 
Mar.owe Few Malta v. ii, And now, as entrance to our 
safety, To prison with the Governor. 1605 CampEen Rem. 
17 That these were the fowre entraunces into the church. 
1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 270 The very en- 
trance into eternal horror. 

6. Naut. The part of a ship that comes first 
(in the water) ; ‘the bow of a vessel, or form of 
the fore-body under the load-water line’ (Adm. 
Smyth). 

1781 Netson 24 Aug. in Nicolas Dis. (1845) I. 43 She 
[the Albemarle] has a bold entrance, and clean run. 1869 
Sir E. Reiw Shifbuild. v. 85 In ships which have a very 
fine entrance the breasthook plates are not run right forward 
to the stem. 

+7. The action of ente’ (something) in a 
record ; concr. an entry. Ods. tcf Entry). 

1588 Me.us Briefe /ustr. Diiij, The enterance of these 
parcels, 1620 J. Witkinson Of Courts Baron 190 The bailife 
..delivers to the Sherife a copie of the entrance of the court 
when the cause was removed thus. 

8. attrib., as entrance-fee, -hall, -lodge, -money, 
-road, -way. 

1844 Mem. Babylonian P'cess 11. 4, 1 paid her *entrance 
fee. 1856 Froupe /V/ist. Eng. (1858) Li. 52 The children of 
those who could afford the small entrance fees were appren- 
ticed to trades. 1841 Orperson Creo/. xi. 111 He found his 
master seated in the *entrance-hall. 1864 Pusey Lect. 
Daniel viii. 5011 Thereon follows eternal life, to which death 
is the entrance-hall. 188r Miss Brappon Ash. I. No- 

y ever saw a man at an “entrance lodge. 1681 W. Ro- 

BERTSON Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 539 “Entrance money, which 
Schollars paid to the Master ai their first coming to school. 
1833 Marryat P. Simple vy, And, as for entrance money, 
why I think I must not you more than a couple of 

ineas. 1833 Brewster Nat. Magic iii. 45 Driving up 
the *entrance-road to the house, 1883 H. H. Kane in 

Harper's Mag. Noy. 945/1 The * looked 


222 


Entrance (entrans), v. Also 7 entraunch, 
intranse, 6-8 intrance. [f. En-1 + Trance.] 

1. ¢rans. To throw into a trance. 

a. 1608 SHaxs. Per. ut. ii. 94 She hath not been en- 
tranced Above five hours. a rally ape nt oy pe 
P 4 The Nine Days’ Astonishment, in which the Angels lay 
entranced. .is a noble circumstance. 

B.. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 301 He stood and call’d His 
Legions, page Forms, who lay intrans't, /bid. x1. 420 
Adam .. Sunk down, and all his Spirits became intranst. 

+b. transf. Obs. 

1686 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. ut. 133 If you would restore 
any of these entranced [with drugged bait) Fowl to their 
former health. 

2. To throw into a state of mind resembling a 
trance; to put ‘out of oneself’; to overpower 
with strong feeling, as delight, fear, etc. 

@. @1599 SPENSER (J.), With delight I was entranced and 
carried so far from myself. x62x QuarLes Div. Poems, 
Esther (1717) 16 So stand the Sea-men..Entraunch’d with 
what this man of God recited. 1634 Mitton Comus 1005 
Celestial Cupid .. Holds his dear Psyche, sweet entranced. 
a1765 Matter To Dk. Marlborough (R.), Entranc’d in 
wonder at th’ unfolding scene. 1 Keats St, Agnes 
xxviii, So entranced, Porphyro gazed upon her empty dress. 
1868 Heirs Realmah vii. (1876) 158 Throughout that 
night, Realmah sat entranced in thought. 

1598 Marston Pygmadl. Sat. iv. 154 Fond Bryart .. 
Intrance thy selfe in thy sweet extasie. 1743 J. Davipson 
Eneid 25 Intranced in fear and wonder. 1771 MACKENZIE 
Man Feet. xxxv. (1803) 69 He was too much intranced in 
thought, to observe her at all. 

b. To carry away in or as in a trance (from, to). 

1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 118 When a man is so.. 
entranced from himselfe, with Wealth, Ambition, and 
Vaine-glory, that, etc. did. 176 That reuerend Pastor, 
(entranced to hell in his thoughts for the distresse of his 

ople). 1877 Mrs. Ouipnant Makers Flor. i. 17 The Vita 
pea tg that entrances the young poet into its charmed 
circie, 

Hence Entra‘nced f//. a. Entra‘ncedly adv., 
in the manner of one entranced. 

1686 [see rb]. 1 Beatriz Minstr. 1. xxxiii, Sleep A 
vision brought to his entranced sight. 1837 Lyrron £. 
Maltravers 25 Her entranced and silent lover. 1871 Mac- 
puFF Mem. Patmos i. 12 The Evangelist .. awaking from 
his entranced dream. 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-Cap 
1610 So wrote entrancedly to confidant Monsieur L. M. 

Entrancement (entra‘nsmént). [f. Entrance 
v.+-MENT.] The action of entrancing; the con- 
dition of being entranced. 

1652 CoKainE tr. Cassandra 84 His spirits a little re- 
covered from that entrancement. 1 Orway Poet's 
Compl. Muse v, As we did in our Entrancements lie. a 
Mackenzie Man World 1. xxii. (1823) 448 She recei it 
with an intrancement of sorrow. 1817 CoLeripcE Siby/. 
Leaves, Keepsake, The entrancement of that maiden kiss. 
1837 Howirt Kur. Life vi. xviii. (1862) 610 The feelings of 
delicious entrancement with which I approached the out- 
skirts of Dartmoor, 

Entran (entransin), p/. a. [f. ENTRANCE 
v.+-ING*.] That entrances; transporting. 

1842 Lytton Zanoni 26 The Siren’s voice poured forth its 
entrancing music. 1846 KesBLe ee Innoc. (1873) 5 In 
that entrancing dream. 1881 Atheneum No. 2825. 807 
The entrancing tale of the Tegethoff. ; 

Hence Entra‘ncingly adv., in an entrancing 
manner or degree. 

1854 Tait's Mag. XXI. 273 It steals entrancingly over 
the ear. 1856 Ruskin ‘Mod. Paint. II. ww. vi. § 6 Never 
sublime, never perfectly nor entrancingly beautiful. 

Entrant (entrant), sd. anda. See also INTRANT. 
[a. Fr. entrant, pr. pple. of entrer to ENTER.] 

A. sb, One who or that which enters. Also fig. 

1. One who comes or goes into (a room, etc.) ; 
a person entering ; an incomer; a visitor. 

a ~~ H. Mitter Rambles Geol. (1858) 252 Remarking 
that the entrant was ‘only the n lady’. 1866 R. CHam- 
pers £ss, Ser. 1. 23 Mr. head ches was there ..to welcome 
the entrants, manage introductions. 1884 7imes 15 Oct, 9/t 
The abuse of public meeting involved in a selection of the 
he, teey G. Wus0n Gat Knowl. (1859) 15, As th 

ig. . Witson Gateways Knowl. (1859) x e 
privile; pct counsels, the great arms pic limbs of 
the bodyare set in motion, 1889 County Govt. Rev, 2 Jan. 
417 The latest entrant to the controversy is our contem- 
porary the Law Times. 

b. One who makes legal entry; one who enters 
into the possession of land, etc. 

1635 Pacirr Christianogr. 111.(1636) 36 Because one entred 
u the Priory of well by the Popes Bull, the said 

ntrant was committed to the Tower. 

2. One who enters into or becomes a member of 
an institution or profession. Const. 2/0. 

1800 A, CartyLe Ant. 249 The sudden call for young men 
to fill up vacancies .. obliged the Church to take their en- 
trants from the lower ranks. 1839-57 ALison //ist. Europe 
1X. xxii. 8 The influences of these new entrants a 
in the secrecy and ability with which the measures were 
taken. 1845 M°Cuttocn Taxation 1. iv. (1852) 122 There 
would be a greater influx of into ional busi- 
nesses. 1875 Modern Circular, Mutual Entrants in 1876 
participate in the Eighth Division of Profits. 1880 Fraser's 
Mag. No. 701 The to the Scotch National Church.. 
is oy legally required to subscribe the Confession of 

it 


F 
“b. One who ‘enters’ as a competitor. Also fig. 


ENTRAVERSE. 
B. adj. That enters, in senses of the verb. 


1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 12 “4 


entrant get aiapunday prea 27g . 
mantainance foote ers. xf ‘ather arpi 
ps de Father. . ee Eh 
of could be made entrant. 


Entrap (entre’p), v.1 Forms: 6-7 entrappe, 
6-8 intrap(pe, 6- entrap. [ad. OF. entraper, en- 
trapper, f. en- (see En-1) + trappe TRaP.] 

1. trans. To catch in or as in a trap. Also 
transf. and fig. to bring unawares into a position 
of difficulty or oo a to bring (a person) into 
one’s power by artifice. 

a; 1590-6 Spenser F. Q. (J.), That guileful net In 
which. .eyes entrapped ph. herrenid Theor. Warres t. 
ii. 9 Being first entrapped ndred with the like vice 
of drunkennesse. 1713 Warper 77rue Amazons 55 Many 
{Wasps in Pots] 


f will be entrap’d. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. 
Hist. (1776) pine The wild elephant, upon a yer 


pped in P 
lence. 1835 Kirsy Hab. & Inst. Anim. xix, Spiders were 


divided .. to the mode in which th pene soe 
seize their r Lytton Riensi x. v. pre, en- 
trapped the af of another. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. nu. 


27. 376 The residue of the air origi: y copreped & the 
ficrles of the snow. 1868 J. fi ioxe fe . Eng. 1. 
I e was t g to entrap 

B r5p4 Danses Suppl Hen. VILL (Ro, Neither to in- 
trappe them, nor betray them. 1561 Daus tr. Budlinger on 
A foc. (1573) Pref. 7 The seconde [persecution] .. which in- 
tray also the Authour of this worke. a1649 Drumm. 
or Hawtu. Yas. V, Wks. 109 This interview was to intrap 

rson. 1678 Wantey Wond. Lit. World v. ii. § 59 
471/1 Manuel .. was .. intrapped in the straights of Cilicia, 
and his Army miserably cut off. : 
b. To beguile, bring by artifice ¢o or into. 

1851 Hussey Pagal Power i. 38 Having been as Sen oe 
led or entrapped, into an Shige of Pelagius’ 
trines. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IL. viii. 26 
Entrapping men to destruction by the literal fulfilment of 
an pin 1884 Manch. Exam. 14 June 4/8 Entrapping the 

Legislature into conclusions which are not openly 

2. With reference to speech: To involve in con- 
tradiction, draw into an erroneous statement or 
———— admission. 

ax61r Biste Ecclus. viii. 11 Rise not vp (in anger) at the 
presence of an iniurious person, least he lie in waite to entrap 
thee in thy words. a 1714 Suarp Serm. (1754) 1V. viii. 139 The 
Pharisees and Herodians..had taken counsel together how 
they might entrap our Saviour in his talk. Bowen 
cages oe Te pondent is pped whether he 
answer in the Affirmative or the Negative. 

+Entra‘p, v.2 Obs. rare. [f. En-l + Trap v.] 
trans. To furnish with trappi 

R. Coprincton tr. Hist. Justine 534 He did ride .. 
in a Chariot drawn with two horses richly ent 

Entra: + (entrepmént). [f. as prec. + 
-MENT.] e action of entrapping ; the condition 
of being entrapped or caught by artifice. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wares w. \xxx, Northumberland. .given 
to understand Of some entrapment by iracy, Gets into 
Wales. 1613 Suertey 7vav. Persia 38 His victory 
would rather haue proued a snare to his intrapment. 1812 
Examiner 28 Sept. 618/2 For whose entrapment are you 


— —— sy intention of ee ? 1865 Leer 
. Fr... xv, Appealing from the irregular entrapment 
this mode of patches 0 od 1875 Darwin /nsectiv. Pl. xvii. 


408 The entrapment of various minute crustaceans. 
Entrapper (entre‘paz). [f. as prec. + -ER.] 
One who entra 
1 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 182 The -fal .. that 
asthe (our old en ) layes for vs. 1798 EvcewortTH 
Pract. Educ, (1822) 1. 176 *Oh, ho!’ exclaims the en- 
trapper, ‘ I have you now !’ pr Macutre Father Mathew 


21g The p PP pecting youth. 
Entra‘pping, v/. sd. [f. tse + -InG LJ 
The action of the vb. EntRap; ¢ the means 


of entrapping, a device, bari wile. 
_ 1, Now ¢ vs Inst. Pre Whe _ Powse 
mallet tu to Han EL 
Vloyd's oaiete x9 Tha ant Se elsh to the 
Mountaines for feare of Intrapping. 1594 Carew Zasso 
(1881) 45 Sweete re a a ae pg grt 
1603 rows Hist. yf ny = 316 | _A notable 
stratagem of Scanderbeg for trapping of enemies. 
Entra pping ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -1nG?.] 
That entraps. f questions, etc.: Adapted to en- 
trap. Hence Entra‘ppingly adv., so as to entrap. 
B. Jonson Staple of N. v. ii, I have an entrapping 
question or two more, To put unto them. 1642 MILTON 
Apol. Smect. Wks. 1738 1. 103 The hurt that t be done 
among the weaker ty the int i Aaeeny of great 
Names titled to false Bea Rrongy =; . Vaucuan Mystics 
(1860) II. 282 note, Wrong terms and entrapping questions. 
1857 W. Coins Dead Secret (1861) 31 Innovating young 
recruits in the Church army might entrappingly open the 

Thirty-nine Articles under his very nose. 

en dacapre 


ever was there 
seen a more 
the entrata 


1838 Fraser's Mag. etch yg We have in the 
..the names and material of successful entrants. 1883 
H, Drummonn Nat. Law in Spir. W. xii. (1884) 411 Of the 


ilions of ad ttite 
ultimately sel ferment is small. Mod, ‘The 


dirty, “4 


q 
or ged 
prizes will depend on the b 


Entraunce, -che, obs. forms of ENTRANCE. 


+Entraverse, adv. Her. Obs. rare. [ad. 
OF. entravers, f. en- (see En-1) + ¢ravers across.] 
Athwart, crosswise. 


ENTREASURE. 


¢ 1450 Merlin x. 163 Crownes of goolde and asure bendes 
entrauerse lysted as grene as a mede, 

Entrayle, -ylle, obs. forms of Enrratu. 

Entre, etc., obs. form of Enrire, etc. 

Entreague: obs. form of Inrricur. 

Entreasure (entreziii1), v. [f. Ey-1+Trua- 
SURE v.] ‘ ; 

1. trans. To store up in or as in a treasury. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. JV, ut. i. 85 Which in their Seedes, 
And weake beginnings lye enti d. 16r0 G, FLETCHER 
Christ's Vict. 1. iv, The memories of heav’n entreasur’d lie. 
1613 ALEXANDER Sidney's Arcadia i. Supp. {x6s9) 338 
‘They would securely entreasure it in a more precious Place. 
1828 Lams in Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 772 She should en- 
treasure up a secret In the peculiar closet of her breast. 

+2. To stock with treasure. Ods. 

@ 1634 Cuarman On B. Fonson’s Sejanus, He [the jeweller] 
entreasures princes’ cabinets. 

+ Entrea‘t, sb. Obs. Also 5 entrete, 6 en- 
treate, 6-7 intreat(e. [f. next vb.; OF. had 
entratte, f. entrattier vb.] The action of the vb. 
Entreat. +a. Negotiation, intervention (ods.). 
b. Entreaty, supplication. 

1485 Matory Arthur. ii, By the entrete at the last the 
kyng & she met to gyder. 1568 T. HoweLt Ard. Amitie 
(1879) 68 By great entreate and humble sute. @1592 GREENE 
Poems 99 Use no entreats, I will relentless rest. 162 Lapy 
M. Wrotn Urania 14, I... with all the intreates that I 
could frame, perswaded him to entertaine that seruant of 
mine, 1639 G. Danie Zcclus. xlv. 4 At his entreat The 
wonders ceas’d. 1650 Dox Bellianis 142 Which..you will 
not do at my intreats. 

Entreat (entr7‘t), v. Forms: a. 4-6 entrete, 
5-6 -ede, 6-7 -eate, (6 -ait(e), 4- entreat; 
8. 6-7 intreate, 6 intrait, -ete, (-eit), 6-9 intreat. 
[ad. OF. entraiter, entraitier, f. en- (see En-1) 
+ traiter to TREAT. In the archaistic use 1 the 
spelling zfreat still sometimes occurs.] 

+I. To treat; to handle. Ods. or arch. 

1. trans. To treat, deal with, act towards (a per- 
son, etc.) in a (specified) manner. Ods. exc. arch. 

a. ¢1430 Hymns Virg. 22 So betyn, so woundyd, En- 
tretyd so fuly. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlviii. 317 The 
other Capytayns were ..entreated as men of warre ben 
acustomed. 155: WorTon in Froude Hist. Eng. (1881) V. 
6 My aunt, her mother, was evil entreated by the king 
that dead is. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 
139 The olde Ewes .. be easlyer to be entreated. 1639 
Futter Holy War m. xxxi, (1840) 173 The pope ill entreated 
and imprisoned his [Frederick’s] messengers. ¢c1720 Prior 
Poems (J.), Well I entreated her, who well deserv’d. 1864 
Burton Scot Aér, II. i. 62 Their authors .. spitefully en- 
treated as monomaniacs. 

+ 1809 Fisner Fun. Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. 296 
To. .intrete euery persone. .accordynge to theyr degre and 
hauour. 1604 E. Grimstone //ist. Siege Ostend 153 Intreat- 
ing whole troopes of Prince Maurices as friendes. 1622 R. 
Hawkins Voy. S. Sea 271 Shee [the ship] fell over upon that 
side suddenly, intreating many of them which were in her, 
very badly. 1657 S. Purcuas Pol. Flying-Ins. 147, How 
hee might best order, and intreat them [Bees] according to 
their kind. 1738 Col. Rec. Penn. I11. 52 They ought to be 
well used and Civilly Intreated. 1800 Addison Amer. Law 
Rep. 277 To wound, beat, and evilly intreat, 1875 JoweTr 
Plato (ed. 2) I. 135 They evil intreated one another. 

+2. To take (a thing) in hand; es. to treat, 
handle (a subject or question). Ods. 


a. © FisHer Fun. Serm. C’tess Richmond Wks. 2: 
As say the doctours entreatynge this — & her lyfe. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1 The seconde boke.. 


entreateth what is the iourney of religion. 1545 RayNoLp 
Byrth Mankynde (1564) 98 In this third booke shalbe en- 
treated what is to be done to the Infant borne. 158 Mar- 
BECK Bk. of Notes 555 That yeares actes..were sufficientlye 
entreated of all three. 168x W. Rosertson Phraseol, Gen. 
(1693) 540 To entreat or handle, ¢ractare. 

. 1536 Latimer 2nd Serm. Convoc. 1. 43 It should be 
too long to intreat, how the children of light are ingendered. 
1538 Starkey England 1, iii. 86 Yf they juge be hys frend 
whose cause ys intretyd. 1563 Homilies 11. Repairing 
Churches (1859) 276 That house of God .. wherein be in- 
treated the Sacraments and mysteries of our redemption. 
1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. 184 Musick cannot be intreated 
or taught without the knowledge of all other sciences. 

+b. To occupy oneself in. Ods. 

1590 SPENSER F. Q. u. vii. 53 A thick Arber..In which 
she often usd from open heat Her selfe to shroud, and 
pleasures to entreat. , 

+c. To beguile, pass (time). Ods. 

1592 Saks. Rom. § Pui. wv. i. 40 My Lord you must in- 
treat the time alone. A 

+3. intr. Of a speaker or writer, a book, etc. : 
To treat of or upon a subject. Obs. 

1513 More Rich. III, Wks. 37/1 Richarde the third 
sonne, of whom we nowe entreate. 1534 Lp. Berners Gold. 
Bk, M. Aurel. (1546) Biiij b, Marc Aurele the emperour, of 
whome this present boke entreateth. cx Life Fisher 
Wks. 1. Introd. 58 This excellent man of whom we in- 
treate, John Fysher, Bishopp of Rochester. 1! Prat 
Fewell-ho. 1. Divers New Exper. it Wherevpon Valetius 
entreateth in this maner. 1610 MarkHaM Masterf. 11. 
lxxxiii. 364 Of which wee shall speake..when wee intreate 
of paring and shooing. 1611 Coryat's Crudities, Panegyr. 


Verses, Of steeples, townes and towers entreats his goose’s 
quill. 1632 SANDERSON 12 protiaes | To intreate at this time 
of Saint Paul’s advice. 168 W. Rosertson Phraseol. 


Gen. (1693) 540 Atticus in one book did entreat of .. the 
Records of things done in 700 years. 
b. in indirect passive. 
1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. vi. (163 eo 4 matter 
indeed is worthy .. to bee ely entreat 1589 Put- 
TENHAM Ling. Poesie 1. xv, (Arb.) 50 Except Eglogue whereof 


228 


shalbe entreated hereafter. 1638 Cutttinew. Relig. Prot. 
1. iil. § 74. 175 The subject here entreated of. 
c. simply (with ellipsis of prep. and obj.). 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. T. 302 A word or tuo, as other bookes 

entrete. ¢1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 5 As 
towchinge the situation thereof hereafter .. I meane to en- 
treate in places convenient. 1571 Dicces Pantom. ul. x. 
Riij, Although it would seeme I had entreated sufficiently. 

+4. intr. To enter into negotiations; to treat 
with a person; of (occasionally about, for) a 
thing ; also simply. Obs. 

cx Cursor M. 24795 (Fairf.) To entrete of be pais be- 
twix him & ba danais.  14.. Zpipfh. in Tundale's Vis. 
(1843) 106 Herode .. of thys mater entredes pryvylly. 1482 
Warkw. Chron, 27 That will speke and entrete with ther 
enemyes. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. clxxxv. 219 By- 
twene these parties entreated for a peace, the archbys- 
shoppe of Senns.. the lorde of Saynt Venant. 1560 Daus 
tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 44b, In the assemblie at Norinberge 
..the Princes entreated of peace. 1598 GreNeWEY J acitus’ 
Ann, 1. vi. (1622) 10 Being sent vnto you from the Germane 
campe, to entreat of the common profit and good. 

1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Dd iiij, 
She was intreatynge to mary an nother husbande. 1568 
Grarton Chron, II. 664 And this mariage agreed upon 
(which semeth more likely to be intreated of then concluded). 
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1594) 395 Attilius 
Regulus .. being .. sent to Rome upon his faith to intreat 
about a peace. 1593 SHaxks. 2 Hen. VJ, 1v. iv. 9 Ie send 
some holy Bishop to intreat. 1603 KNoLtes H7st. Turks 
(1621) 119 To intreat with him of peace. 

+ 5. trans. To parley with (a person). Ods. 

1523 Lp. Berners /roiss, 1, ccxxix. 307 So they entreated 
the sayd Companyons, and offred them golde. 

II. With additional sense of asking, asking of 
somebody or for something. 

+6. zntr. To intercede, plead for(a person). Ods. 

a. ©1430 Compl. Criste 127 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 169 
Lete merci for us entrete. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 
1531) 84 He wyll make other persones to. .perswade & en- 
treate for hym, 1605 SHaks. Lear 1. iii. 4 They. .charg’d 
me..neither to speake of him, entreat for him, or any way 
sustaine him. 1611 Biste £x. viii. g When shall I entreat 
for thee? 

1600 Suaks. A. Y, L. 1. iii. 73, I will neuer haue her, 
vnlesse thou intreat for her. 

+7. intr. To sue, plead for (a concession or 
favour). Ods. 

1573 Twyne 2neid x1. (R.), Then lets intreat for peace. 
1818 nee Mut Brit. India Il. v. viii. 645 The prisoners 
entreated for their release. 

8. trans. To ask earnestly for (a thing); chiefly 
with clause as obj. Occas. const. of (a person). 

a. 1610 Suaxs, Tew. v. i. 118, 1... doe entreat Thou 
op me my wrongs. 1771 Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. IV. 200 

e entreated that they would elect such, in particular, as 
had, etc. 1780 Burke Arecution Rioters Wks. 1X. 266 
For God’s sake entreat of Lord North to take a view of the 
sum total. 1797 Mrs. Rapcuirre /tadian x, I entreat you 
will speak explicitly. 1878 Joaquin Mitter Songs Jialy 
94.To entreat of the gods what they will not give. 

. a1600 Creation in Evergreen (1761) 1. 166 The serpent 
--persuadit me .. Intreiting, be eiting, That we suld be 
perfyte. 1602 Marston Ant, & Mel. uu. Wks. 1856 I. 28 
Our tyred limbes .. intreat soft rest. 16r1 Bisir Ps. xlv. 12 
The rich among the people shall intreate thy fauour. 1653 
Watton Angler Ep. Ded., To intreat that they [former 
favours] may be enlarged to the patronage .. of this Book. 
1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 496, I intreat 
therefore yt you would insert it in y* Post-Boy. 

9. To make an earnest prayer or request to; to 
beseech, implore. Chiefly with sebord. clause or 
const. ¢4o with zf! Formerly also const. of, or 
with sb. as second obj. 

a. 1502 ARNOLDE Chron, (1811) 134 Wherfore he entredyd 
the sayde brydge-maysters of respyte in the mater. 1509 
Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxii. (1845) 158 Dame Correccion .. 
Did me entreat a while to abyde. 1 WHuHITTINTON 
Tullyes Offices mu. (1540) 132 To entreat the iudge .. what 
thynges he may do sauyng his conscience. 1 Powe. 
Lloyd's Cambria 94 They promised to Intreate the King for 
him. 1611 Brsie Gen, xxv. 21 Isaac intreated the Lord for 
his wife, because she was barren. 1735 BERKELEY F’ree- 
thinking in Math. § 48 Wks. 1871 ut 330, I entreat my 
reader to think. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge vi, Ask me 
no questions, I entreat you. 1859 TENNYSON Geraint § 
Enid 760 Entreat her by my love... That she ride with me in 
her faded silk. 1875 Jowrrr Plato (ed. 2) I. 384 Let me 
entreat you once more to take my advice and escape. 

x61x Brste £x. viii. 8 Intreat the Lord, that hee may 
take away the frogges from me. 1676 Hospes //iad 1. (1686) 
170 Ile not intreat you for my sake to stay. 1751 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 153 ® 19 All whom I intreat to sing are 
troubled with colds. 1792 Munchhausen’s Trav. xxiii. 97 
Intreating me to assist in the war against Russia. 

+10. To prevail on by supplication or solicita- 
tion ; to persuade by pleading. Also, of circum- 
stances, considerations, etc.: To induce. Odés. 

a. 155 BrsLe 2 Chron. xxxiii. 13 And he was entreated 
of hym & herd his praier. 1563 Homilies u. Idolatry 
m1. (1859) 264 A dog that would be entreated and hired with 
part of the prey to suffer the wolves to werry the sheep. 
1586 Martowe 1st Pt, Tamburl. 1. i, This should entreat 
your highness to rejoice. 1593 Prodigal Son 1.91 Ah 
my beloved son, be entreated, and go not hence. 

. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 768 Howbeit she could in 
no wise be intreated with her good wyll to delyver him. 1576 
Freminc Panoplie Ep. 241 For he is a man full of affabilitie 
.. and easie to be intreated. 1638 Penit. Conf. i. (1657) 4 
God was intreated and Moses prevailed. 


+ Entrea‘table, intrea‘table, 2. Ods. [f. 
ENTREAT ¥. + -ABLE. 
1. a. Of a thing: That admits of being taken 


ENTREATIVE. 


in hand, treated of, or discussed. b. Of a person: 
That admits of being dealt with, manageable. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse D viij, The next entretable matter is 
y' y* sayd sacrifice is, etc. 1581 J. Bert Haddon's Answ, 
Osor. 499 That you should not have hadd a more entreatable 
aunswerer, 

2. That can be prevailed on by entreaty ; com- 
pliant, placable. 

1556 App. Parker Psalter xc, Most pityfull : intreatable in 
hart. 1576 Newton tr. Lemnze’s Complex. (1633)210 Quicke, 
testy, not entreatable. x6xx SpeeD Hist. Gi. Brit. vi. vii. 
2 A man of a softer, and more intreatable condition. a1718 

ENN Tracts Wks. 1726 I. goo Be Intreatable. 

Hence Entrea‘tableness, the quality of being 
‘easy to be entreated’. 

1534 WuitTTINTon Txllyes Offices 1. (1540) 39 There is 
nothynge more laudable nor comly in a great and noble man, 
than .. facylite and easynesse, and entretablenesse. 

+ Entrea‘tance, intrea‘tance. Os. [f. 
ENTREAT ¥, + -ANCE.] 

1. Treatment; dealing with, or behaviour to- 
wards, a person. 

1577 A. M. Caftiv. ¥. Fox in Arb. Garner 1. 205 Having 
been thirteen or fourteen years under their gentle entreat- 
ance. 1616 Surri. & Marku. Country Farme 21 Gentle 
and courteous intreatance of their Master towards them, 

2. Intercession ; entreaty. 

1548 Hatt Chron. (1809) 837 There was no feare but that 
a little Intreataunce should purchase favour enough for 
hym. 1569 GoLpinG Heminges Post. Ded. 21 The entreat- 
ance of certain godly shepheards, compelled me to publishe. 
1578 Chr. Pr. in Priv. Prayers (1851) 488 Save them at our 
entreatance for them. 1600 Fairrax 7 asso 1. xix, Entreat- 
ance faire with counsell he vnites. 1606 G. W[oopcockE] 
tr. /7ist. Ivstine 102 a, At length by much intreatance they 
grannted him a truce for two monthes. 

Entrea‘ted, ///.@. rare. [f. Entreat v.+ 
-ED!,] In senses of the verb. a. That is the 
object of entreaty; besought. b. (sonce-zse.) 
‘ Begged’ or assumed without proof. 

1631 Celestina 11. 33 There is a great distance betweene 
the intreater and the intreated. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77az. 
224, I will lead you through no more extravagancies, lest 
your entreated patience turne into exoticke passion. 1646 
Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 296 Which we shall labour to 
induce not from postulates and entreated Maximes. 

+Entreater. Ods. [f. Exrreat v.+-ER.] 

1. A negotiator ; an agent ; a mediator. 

1523 Lp. Berners Fvoiss. 1. cccxiv. 483 Then these En- 
treatours went and made report to their lordes. 1568 Grar- 
Ton Chron. Il. 477 ‘This mocion succeded worse than the 
entreators devised. 

2. One who makes a petition ; a suitor. 

1588 J. Upatt Demonstr. Discip. (Arb.) 9 [They] haue 
reiected a request so holy..yea, and handled the intreaters 
.-so cruelly. 1624 F. WuitEe Ref/. Fisher 564 It seemed.. 
to be vnlawfull ., that the Martyrs should be Intreatours. 
1673 O. WALKER Education 270 (F. Hall). 

{‘Entrea-tful, a. Obs. rare. In 6 in- [f. 
ENTREAT + -FUL.] Full of entreaty; supplicat- 
ing. 

1596 Spenser 7. Q. v. x. 6 To seeke for succour .. 
With humble prayers and intreatfull teares. 

Entrea‘ting (entr7‘tin), vi/. sd. [f. En- 
TREAT v. + -INGL.] The action of the verb En- 
TREAT in various senses. 

1. a. Treatment (of) ; dealing (with a person). 

1529 More /feresyes 11. Wks. 190/2 Thanke me for y* good 
intreting of them both. 1594 Carew Huarte’s Lxam, Wits 
(1616) 193 Subiections, bondages, and ill intreatings. 1614 
J. Day Festivals (1615), What St. Austin tels us. .to put us 
in minde of the good intreating of our Servants. 

b. Discussion (of); dealing (with a subject). 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 234 In the entreatynge 
of nat Gaatters, oe TuRNER Bp) a3 1.K ja, One of ther 
is spoken of in the intreatyng of Camomyll. 1580 Hotty- 
BAND Treas. Fr. Tong, Maniement, a handling, a vsing, 
an intreating. 

ce. Negotiation. 

1 Hakvuyr Voy. II. 89 A towne that will heare in- 
treatings is halfe lost. 

2. Beseeching. 

1603 Kno.irs Hist. Turks (1638) 52 Yet had he with great 
intreating so preuailed. ; 

Entreating (entr7tin), 4//. a. [f. Enrrear z. 
+-ING*.] That entreats, in senses of the verb, 

1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 1. 629 When for Redress intreating 
Armies call. 1863 Geo. Exiot Romola 1. vi, Her eyes.. 
made a timid entreating appeal. 

Hence Entrea‘tingly adv. 

1850 J. A. Sr. Joun in Zait’s Mag. XVII. 25 Looking 
entreatingly into the face of the baker. 1866 Gro. Extor 
F. Holt V1. xxvii. 179 ‘No’, said Felix, entreatingly. 
Don’t move yet’. 

+ Entrea‘tise. OJs. In 5 entreatyse, -ze. 
[f. EnrREar v., after the analogy of (¢reatzse.] 
= Enrreaty. a. Treatment. b. Negotiation. 

1494 Fasyan v. cxxvii. 108 They... by fayre entreatyze 
contentyd..the fader. dd. vi. clvi. 144 Alcinnus was not 
sent for any entreatyse of peace. 

[f. En- 


+Entrea‘tive, z. Os. Also in. 
TREAT +-IVE.] Of the nature of an entreaty; 
characterized by entreaty. 

1607 A. Brewer Lingua 1. i. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 341 
And oft embellish’d my entreative phrase. 1650 Don Bel- 
“ianis 139 The Soldan would not free the Knight of the 

olden ace and the Duke, by intreative means. 1748 

ICHARDSON Clarissa (1811) V. viii. 100 All gentle, all in- 
treative, my accent. 


ENTREATMENT. 


Entreatment (entr7‘tmént). Ods. exc. arch. 
Also in-. [f. ENTREAT v. +-MENT.] 

1. The action of entreating: +a. Discussion, in- 
vestigation. +b. Negotiation, settlement. ec. Treat- 
ment (of persons). 

1557 Paynect Barclay’s ie fats 118 b, The night before 
that day, which was assigned to intreatment of the peace. 
-_ Rottanp Crt. Venus u, - Quhair all science hes daylie 

ntreitment. 1850 Biackie 4 schylus 11. 215 Evil entreat- 


oo —— Ham. 1. iii. ery pee entreatments at a 
igher rate Then a command to parley. 

+ Entrea‘ture. Os. In 7 in-. [f. Evrreat 
v.+-URE: cf. OF. entraiture.] ? =ENTREATY 4. 

1577 Test. 12 Patriarchs 64 [He] made us a feast, & with 
much intreature gave me his daughter Bethoue to wife. 

Entreaty (entr7‘ti) sd. Forms: a. 6-7 en- 
treatie, 7- entreaty. 8. 6 intreati(e, (-tye, 
-die, intrety), 7-9 intreaty. [f. EnrREaT 2. + -Y.] 

+1. Treatment (of persons); handling. Also 
management (of cattle). Ods. 

I enton Trag. Disc. 16 You have founde worse en- 
treatie att my handes. 1579 J. Stuspes Gaping Gulf C vj, 
For if the Spaniard .. did .. beare away harde intreadie for 
hys vnwonted pryde towards vs. 1607 Torsett Four-/. 
Beasts (1673) 561, I have also recited before in another 
place of the intreaty of Oxen. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. 
Sea 224 He would give us our lives with good entreatie. 
a 1670 Hacket Ad. Williams 1. (1692) 22 The Lord Privy 
Seal..gave civil entreaty when the Esquire Beadles..came 
to him. 

+b. Reception (of guests), entertainment. Ods. 

1609 B. Jonson Sid. Wom, Prol., They shall find guests 
entreaty, and good roome. 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. xv. 679 
None that could bestow Your fit entreaty, 

+2. Treatment, discussion, investigation (of a 
question, subject, etc.). Ods. 

1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (1846) 1. 26 Before I 
entered into the entreatie of battailes. 1538 STarKEY Eng- 
land, i. 24 The intrety of materys of the commyn wele. 
1570 Bittincstey Euclid iv. Introd. 110 The maner of en- 
treatie in this booke is diuers from the entreaty of the former 
bookes. a 1626 Bre. ANDREWES Serm. (1661) 172 Whereout 
ariseth naturally the entreaty of these four points. 

+3. Negotiation (of a peace). Ods. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxix. 305 Then it was 
ordayned. .to treat with the erle Mountfort .. on y® state of 
peace..And at the first entreaty therle Mountfort answered, 
etc. 1607 TopseLL Serpents (1653) 627 By truce and en- 
treaties of Peace. ees ae 

4. Earnest request, solicitation, supplication, 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (1884) 9, I wil not do ani thing 
for intreati. 1611 Biste Prov. xviii. 23 The poore vseth 
intreaties, but the rich answereth roughly. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) 7/1 The Prince .. & his humble and 
importunate entreaty..in the end prevailed. 1726 ADDISON 
Dial. Medals (1727) 40 To move his haughty soul they try 
Intreaties, and perswasion soft apply. 18¢r Byron 770 
Foscarit. i, Alas! my life Has been one long entreaty. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed, 2) V.339 The judges .. shall be in- 
accessible to entreaties, : 

+ Entrea‘ty, v. Olds. [a. OFr. entraiti-er; 
see ENTREAT v.] intr, = ENTREAT 4. 

1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxxvi. 746 They of Gaunt 
had a saue conduct. .to entreatie for a peace. 

|| Entrechat (antr’fa). [Fr. entrechat, ad. It. 
(capriola) intrecciata a complicated caper, f. in- 
trecciare, f. in in+ treccia tress, plait.] A figure 
or feat in dancing, in which the saga during 
a leap from the ground, strikes the heels together 
a number of times, 

1775 Jeans in Lett. 1st Earl Malmesbury (1870) I. 

He jeder that he was incapable of himself to rival te 
brother performer in his entrechats. 1821 EpGeworTu 
Mem. 11, 120 He could actually complete an entrechat of ten 
distinct beats. 1826 Miss Mitrorp pote, Ser. 1. (1863) 
282 Such pirouettes and entrechats as none but French heels 
could achieve. a1845 Barua /ngol. Leg., House Warm. 
ing, Gracious me what an entrechat !_ Oh, what a bound! 
ntrecomune, obs. form of INTERCOMMUNE. 
+Entrecounte, v. Ods. In 5 entercounte. 
[Bad form of next.] intr. To run one against 
another ; to meet in opposition. 

1413 Lyn. Pilgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 70 The spyeres ae 
so swetely .. entercounted to geders in their circute about 
the erth. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. xxix, 122 The wyndes .. 
entrecounte and mete in som p 

+ Entrecownter, v. Obs. rare. [a. OF. en- 
trecontrer: cf. Enrer- pref. and Counrer v.] 
intr. To set oneself in opposition, cavil. 

1553 T. Broxis Serm. in Foxe's A. & M. (1849) VIII. 782 
Sir ke (saith he) it is } your office to see to pottage making 
.-and not to controule Goddes doctrine, neither to entre- 
counter against holy writte. 

Entrecourse, obs. form of INTERCOURSE. 

Entrede, obs. form of EnrrEar. 

|| Entrée (aitre). Also 9 entré. [Fr.: for the 
earlier adoption of the word see EntRy.] 

1. a. The action or manner of entering. b. 
The privilege or right of entrance; admission. 

_& — Cowrer Let. 5 Jan., My public entrée therefore 
is not far distant. 1803 Mar. Epcewortu Tales §& Nov. 

IV. (639) ga6 Nothing could be more awkward..than our 
entrée, 1888 W. R. Cartes Life Corea iii, 28 Women have 
the right of entrée ihn ype 

b. 1786 Lounger (1787) II, 243, I was the only person to 


whom she gave the constant entrée into her boudoir. 1827 
Livrton Petham xan My Mother’ introductions had pro- 
me 


2. C . A ‘made dish’, served between the 
fish and the joint. (Littré entrées as ‘mets 
qui se servent au commencement du repas’.) 

1850 TuackEray Pendennis xxiii, Two little entrées of 
sweetbread and chicken. 1880 Sir H. Tuompson Food § 
Feeding 84 A family dinner may..consist of soup, fish, 
en roast and sweet. i ; 4 

3. Music. +a. ‘A small piece of music in slow 
4-4 time, with the rhythm of a march, and usually 
containing two bars, each repeated’ (ods.). b. 
‘The opening piece (after the overture) of an 
opera or ballet’ (Grove Dict. Mus. s.v.). 

+Entregent. Ods. rare. [a. Fr. entregent, f. 
entre among +gent people.}] Social intercourse. 

1651 J. Donne Jr. in Mathewes’ Eng. Lett. To Rdr., 
(Letter-writing] is the Entregent of absent Persons. 1750 
Cuesterr. Lett. (1774) I. 549 Your chit-chat or entregent 
with them. 

Entremedle, obs. form of INTERMEDDLE. 

+ Entreme‘dly, 2. Ods. rare—'. [ad. OFr. 
entremeslé intermixed : cf. meddle.] Intermixed. 

1430 Lypc. MS. Soc. Antig. 134. 14 (Halliw.) So en- 
tremedly by successioun Of bothe was the generacioun. 

+ Evntremess. O/s. Forms: 4 entremass, 
-mees, -mes(se, entermews, entyrmes, 5 en- 
termes, -mis, 7-8 entremess. [a. OFr. entremés 
(mod.F. entremets: see next), f. entre between + 
més (mod.F. mets) course of viands:—L. missum 
-paciesh. 4 sent or placed.] Something served 
between the courses at a banquet ; also fig. 

1340 Ayend. 56 And huanne pe mes byeb y-come on efter 
backer: panne byep pe burdes and pe trufles uor entremes. 
1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 457 Thai had ane felloune entre- 
mass. ¢1400 MauNDEV. xxxi. (1839) 309 In stede of entre 
messe, or a sukkarke. c1 Lypc. Bochas v. xxv. (1554) 
138 a, Thus can this lady.. Her entermis forth serue. c 1450 

3p. Grossetest’s Househ. Stat. in Babees Bk. 329 Com- 
mauned 3e bat youre dysshe be welle fyllyd and hepid, and 
namely of entermes. sty 9 Ros La Belle Dame 156 in 
Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 57 For to juge his ruful semblance, 

od wote it was a piteous entemes [? read entermes]. 1672 
Tera. Reh. Transp. 1. 130 The Entremesses shall be of 
a Fanaticks Giblets. 1708 Mortimer Husé. (ed. 2) I. 444 
The true Chard used in pottages and Entre-messes. 

Entremet, var. of ENTERMETE, Ods. 

|| Entremets (aftr’me). Z/. Also 5 entre- 
metes. [mod.Fr.: see ENTREMESS.] 

1. Side dishes. 

1475 Caxton Fason 119 Of the metes and entremetes. . I will 
macs no mencion. 1756 Connoisseur No. 137 (1774) IV. 
246 The duly adjusting the entremets. 1820 t Mi 
Aristoph, 1. 207 Soup piquant and entremets. 1833 Mar- 
ryat P, Simple xxxii, First and second course entremets, 

+b. Used as sing. Obs. rare. 

1739 Common Sense 11. 13 It is. .easy to disti 
puny Son of a compound _ 
spring of Beef and Pudding. : 

2. Antig. A spectacular entertainment between 
the courses of a banquet. 

1863 Kir Chas. Bold 1. 88 To these exhibitions—entre- 
mets as they were called, 

Entrench, intrench (en-, intre‘nf). Also 
7 entrensh, [f. En-1, In- + TRENCH sé, and v. 

The form intrench is that favoured by mod. Dicts., but 
in recent use entrench seems to be more frequent.] 

1. trans. (Mil.) To place within a trench; to 
surround or fortify (a post, army, town, etc.) with 
trenches. Also ref. 

a. 1563 Gotpinc Casar 205 They shoulde be as good as 
entrenched. 1629 S’hertogenbosh 47 The Gouernour.. 
pounding that the Vuchteren wall should be entre s 
1643 Cromwett Left, 11 Sept., The Enemy hath entrenched 
himself over against Hull. 1693 Mem. Cut. Teckeley tv. 34 
One side cove by a Hill, which was not entrenched. 
1783 WATSON rece 3 ZIT (1839) 23 Giving them instructions 
to entrench themselves at the village of Hervorden, 1813 
Wettincton in Gurw. Disp. XI. 177 A camp which they 
had strongly entrenched, 1845 S Rust anke's Hist. 
in coeaid,” song Does Te Gomer ke Lbs tone be 
the enemy. IXON » i, 
entrenched aloestihe Ebro, ? : 

B. 1585 Even Decades W. Ind. 1, m. (Arb.) 78 
— not intrenched with dykes, Kwno.es Hist, 

Lurks (1638) 903 M ha intrenched his army vpon the 
—— a le 787 URKE Abridgm, Eng. Hist. Wks. 
1808 X. 409 Here he found the enemy strongly intrenched. 
1810 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disf. VL 39 It might be ad- 
yantageous to intrench one or more positions. 1864 SALA 
in Daily Tel. 21 Sept., They retire, and intrench themselves 
somewhere else, 

b. adsol, 

3383 T, Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe Countr, U1. 59 This 
night, likewise, the Enemie to entrenche in Teens 
waie. 1590 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. 1. iii, Raise mounts, 


TCHELL 


ish. .the 
ntremets from the lusty Off- 


a at 


ii. 242 The same [stronghold] entrenched, as it were about 
with the course of the river. 1649 Setpen Laws Eng. u. 
i. (2739) 2 Against this danger he entrenches himself fn an 
Act of Parliament. 1732 Berxetey Adcifhr, iv. § 3 En- 
trenched within tradition, custom, authority, and law. 1866 
G. Macponatp Ann, Q. Neighb, xxxii. (1878) 553 Still keep- 


pe ceacien dae 
erence. 

Schol. Disc. . Antichr.1. ii. 78 Within which 
ttound) God hath t all - : . 1759 JOHN. 
He intrenches hi in gael 
‘egic. Peace Wks. pote of 
intrenches himself up to chin in 


these ceremonies. 
+3. To make (a wound) & cutting. Obs. rare. 
wide wound therein .. 


humane 


son Ji No. 61 P 


4. intr. = Trencu. To entrench upon: to take, 
use, or occupy a portion of (something) reserved ; 


to encroach or trespass upon; to infringe (rights. 
+ laws) ; to come within the definition of. Now 
rare. 


a. 1640 Canterb. Self-convic. Postscr. 4 Exceeding the 


Sphere of man, and entrenshing u S proper ie. 
1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes ii. on This would be to 
entrench ape his own Grant. 1769 Westey Wks. (1872) 
XIII. 18 not the tlewoman entrench upon the 
Christian. 1831 QO. Rev. XLIV. 269 Far. .from entrenching 


ty the nt ae . H. Newman 
Proph. Ofhce Church 15 Without pF) iveuiipen 


political principles. 

B. 1633 Forp Broken H. m1. i, Intrenching on just laws 
Whose sovereignty is best preserved by justice. Futter 
Holy & Prof. St. wm. xiii. 183 Intrench not on Lord’s 


day to use pry temas igs 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exempil. 
t § 1 (R.) It int es very much upon impiety. 1722 
Wottaston Relig. Nat. i. 17, 1 might intrench upon truth 
by doing this. 1761 Hume Hist. Ks 1, viii. 180 Conces- 
sions which intrenched so deeply on the honour and dignity 
of the crown. 
+ b. simply. To make encroachments. Ods. rare. 
1634 Sir T. HerBert 7vav. 86 The kings prime House is 
— _ Mydan, E op way —— ee — _ 
other Houses. a1 AuUNTON Fragm. Regalia (Arb.) 
Where it did not intrench, neither invade her interest. : 
Entrenched, intrenched (en-, intre'n{t), 
Ppl. a. [f. ENTRENCH v.+-ED1.] In senses of the 
verb. a. Surrounded with a trench; fortified, 
Also fig. b. Dug out like a trench, excavated. 
1570-6 LamBarve Peramd. Kent (1826) 247 An entrenched 
—— with three ditches. c1ggo Martowe Faust. “4 
nviron’d round with ay mountain-tops, With walls 


flint, and deep-entrenched lakes. a1667 Cow.ey Jo his 
Mayesty, Wk. II. 571 No deeply entrench’d Islands. 1785 
Burke Sf. Fox's E. Ind. Bill Wes. X. 229 Their Stativa, or 


stations. .were strong intrenched camps. 1811 WELLINGTON 
in Gurw, Disf. VII. 164 An intrenched camp should be 
marked out. 1861 7%mes 23 July, Attacking the entrenched 
position of the rebels. 


Entrenching, intre ing (en-, intrenf- 
in), vbl. sb, [fas prec. +-InG1,] e action of the 
vb. ENTRENCH, in various senses. Also attrib. 

r Barret Theor. W% ii The here 
dios Cassa taal thon be, wen tne meanered tis teemwuabines 
etc. ¢ 1629 Layton Syon's Plea (ed. 2) 24 An intrenching 
upon the King’s Prerogative. 1633 G. Hersert 7empie, 
Search x, Thy will such an i hing is As p h 
thought! 1809 WexuincTon in Gurw. Disp. IV. 474 In- 
trenching tools and other e belonging to the 31st 
regiment. 1877 Field Exerc. /nf. 312 Axes and intrench- 
ing tools, to enable it [rear guard] to block up bri 

t, intrenchment (en-, in- 
trenjmént). [f EnrRENOH v. + -MENT.] 

1, The action of enclosing within trenches. 

In mod. Dicts. ? 

b. concr. That which is formed by entrenching ; 
a line of trenches, a post fortified by trenches; 
Joosely, a fortification. 

a. 1590 Spenser F, Q. 11. xi. 6 Seven of the same against 

coon eogtton an Loe Sept. They ¢ bee 4 
ROMWELL Lett. 1 x 
the enemy, and by tha Gondaens af God. forced him to 

uit his en ments. 1670 Corton £: 1. Iv. 166 

—— Ditch, which the torrent of Land had worn, 


a st and clay 
Dig Ki ay7 The y 
oe t = 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Napo- 


eon Whe MS A thunderbolt in th k, h 
in the attack, he was 
fi fod ners ia his entrenchments. 
Mrtleetloun, pacer cf spproerh. stay Ceansmpen Hae 
fort ions, a) . LARENDON //ist, 
Reb, (1702) I. vn. 357 He Besie; on in their own In- 
trenchment, 1 EpIARD Sethos Il. x. 371 To a 
him in the middle of his intrenchments. 1796 Burke Corr, 
IV. 353 Had your miserable lerers been there, to make 
an Oy of ae ee es he Wh 
ig. € . Jonson To In ‘arquis Would: en 
<= of ‘touth the least enbeachamnt pith. 


intrenchment from which they can never be dislodged. 
+2. The action of trenching fon something ; 
encroachment, intrusion, Ods, 

1649 Seven Laws Eng. 1. (1739) 202 Kings looking upon 
this as an intrenchment upon their ve. 
Cuarnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 760 All the ht 
men. .are upon God's wise di of affairs, 

-~8 Norris Pract. Disc. 1V. 182 An intrenchment “pon 
Publick Decency, a 1694 T1tLotson Serm. xl, (1742) III, 
159 A high entrenchment upon the office of, etc. 

trepone, var, of NE v. Obs. 

|| Entrepot (aitr’p?). Also 8 erron, entre- 


port. [Fr.:—Lat. type interpositum, neut. pa. 


ENTREPREIGNANT. 


pple. of interponére, £. inter between + pondye to 
place.] 

1. Temporary deposit of goods, provisions, etc. ; 
chiefly concr. a storehouse or assemblage of store- 
houses for temporary deposit. Also fig. 

172x C. Kine Brit, Merch. 1. Pref. 25 A place of Entre- 
Port for the Depository of their Goods. 1782 PowNaLL 
Antig. 68 The people ., settled .. many entrepéts, and out- 
distant factories. 1802 Prayrair /dustr. Hutton. Th. 363 
It may have .. served for an entrepot, as it were, where 
those debris were deposited. 18x WELLINGTON in Gurw. 
Disp. VIII. 410 Their [the troops’] surplus means of trans- 
port might be applied.. to form an entrepét at a convenient 
distance, 1871 Maine Vil7. Commun. vi. 197 The merchant 
.. carries his goods from the place of production, stores 
them in local entrepéts, 

2. A commercial centre; a place to which 
goods are brought for distribution to various parts 
of the world. Also a/¢trib., as in entrepit-trade. 

1758 Cuestrre. Lett, (1792) IV. 118 The place where you 
are now is the great entrepét of business. 1812 Examiner 
19 Oct. 658/2 Moscow is the extrefot of Asia and Europe. 
1866 Rocrrs Agric. § Prices I, xxiv. 607 The most import- 
ant entrepot of the herring fishery was Yarmouth in Norfolk. 
1883 Pall MallG. 5 Apr. 2/1 A diversion from our entrepdt 
trade. 

3. A mart or place where goods are received 
and deposited, free of duty, for exportation to 
another port or country. 

+ Entreprei‘gnant, @. Obs. rare. [a. F. 
entrepreignant, obs. form of pr. pple. of extre- 
prendre to undertake.] Enterprising. 

¢1475 Partenay 2504 A ful good knight..wurthy, Entre- 
preignant, coragious, and hardy. /ézd. 5073, 5355. 

| Entrepreneur (aitrpranér), [Fr.: see 
next.] a. The director or manager of a public 
musical institution. b. One who ‘gets up’ enter- 
tainments, es. musical performances. 

1878 Grove Dict. Mus. I. 104 Concerts were started by .. 
a well-known entrepreneur of the day, 1882 A/usical Times 
1 Feb. 108/r Mr. .. begs to inform Projectors of Concerts, 
Secretaries of Institutions, and Entrepreneurs generally. 

+Entreprenour. Ods. In 5 enterprenour, 
entreprennoure. [ad. F. eztrepreneur, agent-n. 
f. entreprendre to undertake.] One who under- 
takes ; a manager, controller ; champion. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 64 That most noble centoure 
Publius Decius, so hardie an entreprennoure in the bataile. 
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 166 Rychard went to fore as chyef 
enterprenour. 

+ Entre-pressed, A/. a. Obs. rare. (The 
original has Ye oie interposed, placed between.) 

164r Eart Monmovuta tr. Biondi’s Hist. Civ. Warres 
Engl. w. v. 134 Those of Rhoan, having made themselves 
masters of two towres [77sprinted townes] by whose entre- 
pressed curtain they might give him entry. 

+Entrepro'che, v. Oés. rare—'. [as if a. 
F. *entreproche-r, f. entre between + proche near. 
Cf. Fr. approcher APPROACH.] zntr. To approach 
one another. 

© 1475 Partenay 2225 When entreproched thys huge hostes 
0. 


to. 

|| Entresalle (aitr’sal). ([Fr. extresalle, f. 

entre between + sal/e room.] An anteroom. 

1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 48/2 The above [furniture] ar- 

ranged to show a salon and entresalle, completely furnished. 
+ Entresalue’, v. Os. Also 5 entresalew(e. 

[a. OF. entresalue-r, f. entre (see ENTER-) + saluer 

to salute.] ¢rans. To greet or salute mutually. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. uu. vi. 76 Olyfauntes .. bowe their 

heedes that one to that other | un as they entresalewed eche 
other. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) u. 269 a/2 After 
that they were entresalued. 

+E-ntre . Obs. rare. Also 5 entre- 

sygn(e, [a. OF. entreseigne sign, mark, f. entre 
(see ENTER-) + sezgne (mod.F. signe) :—L. signume.] 
A sign or token ; esf. a badge on a knight’s armour. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xt, xxi, To e her [Alcyone] 
entresignes, by whyche she may see apertly the nawfrage and 
peryll of her husbonde, x489, — Faytes of A.W. xv. 27 
‘The lordes in a bataylle myght be knowen by his armes mad 
entresygnes, 

|| Entresol (entousgl, Fr. antr’sgl). Also 8 en- 
tresole, entersole, 9 intersole.] [Fr.; f. entre 
between + sof the ground.] A low story placed 
between the ‘ground floor’ and the ‘first floor’ 
of a building; sometimes so contrived as to ap- 
pear externally part of the former; a mezzanine 
story. Also attrib. 

cory R, Neve Builder's Dict. (ed. 2) Entresole, sometimes 
call’d Mezanine, is a kind of little Story, contrived occa- 
sionally at the top of the first Story, for the conveniency of 
a Ward-robe, etc. 1789 P. Smytu tr. Aldrich’s Archit, (1818) 
140 The lesser rooms have entersoles with winding stair- 
cases leading to them. 1823 NicHoLson Pract. Builder 438 
In this case, the upper story is termed a mezzanine or inter- 
sole. 1848 Tuacxeray Van. Fair xxxvi. (1853) 305 They 
could take the premier now, instead of the little entresol of 
the Hotel which they occupied. 1864 Leeds Mercury 15 
Nov., The inhabitants. .on the borders of the Arno hastened 
to remove their valuables from the ground floors and even 
entresols, ~~ Times (weekly ed.) 17 June 4/1 A small 
back room on the entresol floor of Palace-chambers. 

+ Emntress(e. Chiefly Sc. Obs. Also 6-7 
entres, 6 enteres, intres. [app. irregularly f. 
ENTER v, + -ESS, after duress, largess.) = En- 

Vot, III. 


225 


TRANCE, Enrry, in certain senses. a. The oppor- 
tunity, right, or permission to enter. b. A means 
or place of entering. c¢. Entrance, initiation into 
a subject. 

c 1430 Henryson Jor. Fab. 9 Of which the entresse was 
not hie nor brade, 1g§09 Hawes Past. Pleas, (1845) 16 Into 
the toure for to have an intres, /é¢d. xxiv. 109 The eres 
are but an intres To commyn wytte. — Yoyful Medit. 
As in this arte having small intres, But for to lerne is all 
myn appetite. 1519 Horman Vilg. 255 Yf ye stande to 
thynne: ye geue entresse to your ennemies. 1560-78 Bf. 
Discip. Ch. Scot. (1621) 41 And to have some entres in the 
first rudiments of Grammer. c¢1g65 Linpesay (Pitscottie) 
Chron. Scot. (1728) 3 The Chancellor .. gave her Entress to 
visit her young Son. a@1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 
17 Yet is it the entress unto eternall lyif. 1600 Gowrie’s 
Conspir. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I1. 345 The double dore 
.. did byde them .. halfe an houre.. before they coulde 
get it broken and have entresse. @1657 Sir J. BALFour 
Ann, Scott, (1824-5) II. 187 Nobilitey and caualleros striuing 
to gett entresse to see the ceremoney. 

mtresse, var. of INrERESS, Ods., interest. 
+Entre'te. Ods. rare}. [a. OF. entrazt ad- 
hesive plaster.] A plaster. 

cx1440 MS. Linc. Med. f. 302 (Halliw.) It sal.. hele it 
withowttene any entrete, bot new it evene and morne. 

+ Entri‘ke, v. Ods. Also 5-6 entryke, (6 
entriek), 5 intrike. [a. OF. entrigu-er, in- 
triquer = Pr, entricar, intricar, ad. It. intricare, 
var. of intrigare (see INTRIGUE) :—L. tntricare, f. 
wm in+¢rice quirks, tricks. Cf. Inrricatg, Ivy- 
TRIGUE, 

In Ital. zxtrigare (see INTRIGUE) is the form of the inf. 
required by phonetic law; but in other parts of the vb. the 
forms ixtrico, intrica, etc. are normal, and the ¢ was intro- 
duced into the inf. by analogy.] 

1. trans. To entangle (a person), ensnare, be- 
guile. 

1380 Wycur Se’, Wks, II. 421 To dispence and assoile 
men of synnes, pat ben entrikid wip sich ritis, 138 
Cuaucer Parl, Foules 403 But which of 30w, that loue 
most entrikyth. 1430 Lypc. Chrox. Troy Prol., His misty 
speche .. intriketh readers that it see. 1496 Dives & Panup. 
(W. de W.) li. 91/t Moche of my nacyon is entryked and 
blente with such fantasyes. 1530 Patscr. 538/2 He that 
his entryked with wordly busynesse is nat mete to be a 
studyent. 1545 Upatt Evasm. Par. (1548) Luke xi. 34 In 
case the iye of thy bodye be corrupted .. then shall all the 
whole bodye be entrieked. 

2. To make (a sentence) entangled ; to compli- 
cate, involve. 

1393 Gower Conf. I, 358 That he the worde entriketh, 
That many a man of him compleigneth. c 1430 Lypc. Stor. 
Thebes 2892 His Cleer conceyte .. Nat entryked with no 
doublenesse. 1545 Upatt Zrasm. Par, (1548) Luke viii. gga, 
Entrieked or wrapped in derke parables. 1549 CovERDALE 
zbid. Rom. Argt., The same [sentences] are oftetymes, as a 
man maye saye, entriked or entangled, 

Entrochal (entrékal), 2. [f. Enrrocu-us + 
-AL.] Pertaining to, or largely composed of, en- 
trochi. 

ofl Nicuotson Padgont. 126 Crinoidal limestone or en- 
trochal marble, : 

Entrochite (entrékoit). [f. as prec. + -17K.] 
= EntTROCHUS. In mod. Dicts. 

|| Entrochus (entrdkis). Palvont. Pl. en- 
trochi. [mod.L., f. Gr. é& in+7poxds wheel.] A 
name sometimes given to the wheel-like plates of 
which certain crinoids are composed. 

1676 Beaumont in Phil. Trans. XI. 727 Most of the oval 
Entrochi grow crooked and twisting. 1755 Amory JZemz. 
(1769), The vault and walls are decorated with entrochi and 
shells. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 488 The entrochi and 
the relics of other fishes. 

+ Entroo'p, v. Ods. rare. In 7 entroup. [ad. 
Fr. entrouper (Cotgr.), f. ex (see En-1) + troupe 
troop.] ¢vans. To form into a troop, assemble. 

1609 Hottanp Amm, Marcel. xvi. xi. 73 The horsemen 
strongly entrouped themselves. 

|| Entropion, entropium (entrd«'pijgn, -#m). 
Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. évtpomn, related to évrpémewv 
to turn inwards, f. év in+7pémewv to tum.] In- 
version of the eyelids. 

1875 H. Warton Dis, Eye 685 Idiopathic entropium is 
met with in three states. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 
344 Entropion signifies a rolling inwards of the whole lid, 
the whole row of lashes being completely turned towards 
the eyeball. : i 

Entropy (entrdpi). Physics. [f. Gr. rpom 
transformation (lit. ‘ turning’), after the analogy 
of Eyerey. First proposed by Clausius (1865) 
in Ger, form entropze. 

Clausius (Page. Ann, CXXV. 390), assuming (unhistori- 
cally) the etymological sense of energy to be ‘ work-contents’ 
(werk-inhalt), devised the term entropy as a corresponding 
designation for the ‘transformation-contents’ (verwand- 
Zungsinhalt) of a system] ; 

The name given to one of the quantitative ele- 
ments which determine the thermodynamic con- 
dition of a portion of matter. 

In Clausius’ sense, the entropy of a system is the measure 
of the unavailability of its thermal energy for conversion 
into mechanical work. A portion of matter at uniform 
temperature retains its entropy unchanged so long as no 
heat passes to or from it, but if it receives a quantity of 
heat without change of temperature, the entropy is increased 
by an amount equal to the ratio of the mechanical equiva- 
lent of the quantity of heat to the absolute measure of the 
temperature on the thermodynamic scale. The entropy of 


ENTRUST. 


a system =the sum of the entropies of its parts, and is 
always increased by any transport of heat within the system : 
hence ‘the entropy of the universe tends to a maximum’ 
(Clausius). The term was first used in Eng. by Prof. 
Tait (see quot. 1868), who however proposed to use it in 
a sense exactly cppesite to that of Clausius. In this he 
was followed (with an additional misunderstanding : see 
quot, 1875) by Maxwell and others; but Saneen enti Tait 
and Maxwell reverted to the original definition, which is 
now generally accepted. 

1868 Tait Sketch Thermodynamics 29 We shall..use the 
excellent term Entropy in the opposite sense to that in 
which Clausius has employed it—viz., so that the Entropy 
of the Universe tends to zero. 1875 Maxwett 7h. Heat 
(ed. 4) 189 ote, In former editions of this book the meaning 
of the term Entropy as introduced by Clausius was erro- 
neously stated to be that part of the energy which cannot 
be converted into work. ‘The book then proceeded to use 
the term as equivalent to the available energy ..In this 
edition I have endeavoured to use Entropy according to its 
original definition by Clausius. 18853 Watson & Bursury 
Math. Th, Electr, § Magn. 1. 245 As in the working of a 
heat engine, the entropy of the system must be diminished 
by the process, that is, there must be equalisation of tem- 
perature. 

Entror (entrar, -g:1). Law. rare. [ad. AF. en- 
trour, {. entrer to enter: see -or.] One who 
makes legal entry. 

1865 Nicuots Britton II. 303 The voucher shall be from 
person to person .. of the persons named .. in order up to 
the first disseisor, or other entror. 


+ Entrow'ble, v. Os. rare. In 5 entrowble. 
[a. OF. entrouble-r, f. en- (see En-1) + trouble 
trouble.] ¢vans. To render troubled. 


1475 Caxton Yason 86b, Medea entrowbled at that time 
her mayntene. 


Entrusion, obs. form of Intrusion. 


Entrust, intrust (en-, intrast), v. [f. Ex-1 
+ Trust sd, 

The form iz¢rust, though preferred in many recent Dicts., 
is now rare in actual use.] 

1. trans. To invest with a trust; to confide a 
task, an object of care to (a person, etc.) ; to com- 
mission or employ in a manner implying confidence. 

a. Const. ¢o with 7z2f, + for (a purpose), 77 (a 
business) ; also sémply. Obs. or arch. exc. in Law. 

a. 1602 Carew Cornwall 82b, They..were wont to be en- 
trusted, for the Subsidiary Cohort, or band of supply. 1646 
Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef, 1. xi. 130 The Griffin... doth .. 
well make out the properties of a Guardian, or any person 
entrusted. 1665 G. Havers 2. della Valle’s Trav. E. 
India 3x The last Advertisements .. argue that the King 
still entrusts him. 1666 Pepys Diary (1879) 1V. 108 The re- 
port we received from those entrusted in the fleete to inform 
us. 1691 in W. Perry /Yist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. (1860) 
I. va.4 The Archbishop of Canterbury .. was wholly en- 
trusted by the King and Court for all Ecclesiastical affairs. 
1759 Rozertson Hist, Scot. I, 1. 112 ‘The clergy were en- 
trusted because they alone were properly qualified for the 
trust. 1836 J. Grant Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xiii. 290 
Earl Grey .. entrusted his son-in-law in the execution of so 
important a task. 1885 Law Rep. Q. Bench Div. XIV. 202 
The Attorney General only .. was entrusted by the consti- 
tution to sue for the King. 

. 1649 Mitton Ezkon, Wks. 1738 I. 387 The Governor 
besought humbly to be excus’d, till he could send notice to 
the Parlament who had intrusted him. a@ 1674 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. (1704) IL. xu. 254 S* Benjamin Wright ; who 
was intrusted by them to sollicite at Madrid for their Pass. 

b. Const. wth (the charge or duty confided). 

a. 165: Hospes Leviath. 1. xx. 105 Monarchs, or As- 
semblies, entrusted with power. 1688 SHADWELL Sg” 
Alsatia v, Wks, (1720) 103 Who are the ladies you have 
entrusted me with, Ned? 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. iii. 26 A 
carpenter, whom he entrusted with a large sum of money. 
1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 11. 203 The other was entrusted 
with all the mysteries of Tory diplomacy. 1879 M. Arnotp 
Porro unum, &¢c.in Mixed Ess. 160 New .. universities. . 
ought not to be entrusted with power to confer degrees. 

1672 Witkins Nat. Relig. u. viii. (R.), They. .are care- 
ful to improve the talents they are intrusted withall. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 541 He .. was so little disposed to 
intrust them with political power that he thought them 
unfit even to enjoy personal freedom. 

2. To confide the care or disposal of (a thing 
or person), the execution of (a task) fo, + with a 
person. Also, to trust, commit the safety of (one- 
self, one’s property, etc.) o a thing. 

1618 Botton Florus 1. vi. 106 Entrusting a part of their 
Army to Appius Consull. 1655-60 StanLey Hist. Philos. 
(1701) 75/2 His Father dying, left him .. fourscore Mine, 
which being entrusted with a Friend for Improvement, they 
miscarried. 1715 Addr. in Lond. Gaz. No. 5332/1 The 
Business of the Commission intrusted with us. 1722 DE 
For Col. ¥ack (1840) 31 An errand of too much consequence 
to be entrusted to a boy. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt 1. xvii. 281 
The Defence of the island was entrusted to a constitutional 
and well-disciplined militia. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. i. clxx, 
How we did entrust Futurity to her! 1868 Mirman Sz. 
Paul's iii. 72 The temporalities of the see were entrusted to 
the Dean and Chapter. JZod. I should not like to entrust 
my safety to such a boat as that. 

Hence Entru'sted #//. a. Entru'sting vd/. sb. 

1642 Declar. Lords §& Com., Ordinance Lond. 13 Apr. 3 
Such entrusted persons as they shall appoint. 1660 Mitton 
Free Commw., 451 Having .. many Commonwealths under 
one united and entrusted Sov’ranty. a1700 DrypEN Charac. 
Good Parson Wks. 1821 XI. 397 Intrusted riches to relieve 
the poor. 1818 Keats Endy. 1. 758 Then wherefore sully 
the entrusted gem Of high and noble life with thoughts 
so sick? 1851 G. S. Faser Many Mansions 309 The seat 
of the Fallen Hierarch’s Entrusted Dominion. 1884 Rus- 
KIN in Pall Mall G. 20 Sept. 4/2 After twelve hundred 
years’ entrusting of the Gospel to them [the omer 


ENTRUSTMENT. 


Entrustment (entro‘stmént). [f. Evrrvst v. 
+-MENT.] The action of entrusting ; the fact of 
being entrusted. Formerly also, a position of trust ; 
a duty with which one is papa 

HERE Answ. Tierue'ey Eis bat 9 peer at einer. 
— J. Goopwin Triers Tried 18 God hat 
called or ad them to their respective entrustments. 
1657 Pettus in Loveday’s Lett. (1663) A3b, I wish I had 
leisure to peruse the whole Packet..but..I cannot spare so 
much time from my Intrustment. 1877 Act 40 & 41 Vict. 
c. 39 § 2 Where any person has been entrusted with, etc. . . 
any revocation of his entrustment .. shall not affect the 
title, etc. 

Entry (centri). Forms: 4-7 entre, 4-6 -ee, 
6-7 entrey, -ie, -ye, 6 entery (-ie), 5- entry. 

E. entre(e, a. Fr. entrée, corresp. to Pr. intrada, 

p-, Pg. entrada, It. intrata:—late L. intrata, f. 
intrare (Fr. entrer) to EnTeER.] ; : 

1, The action of coming or going in; the coming 
(of an actor) upon a stage; the entering into or 
invading (a country), etc. In phrases, 7o make 
(+ have) entry. Also fig. 

1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 179 Now has R. entre, and 
Acres taken es. c1400 Vwaine & Gaw. 2961 Als Sir 
Ywaine made entre. 1475 CAxToN Jason 96 [He] thought 
..of what purpoos he mighte make to her his entree. 1568 
Grarton Chron. II. 723 The king of Englandes entrie 
and invasions. 1 1 b. La Primaud. Fr, Acad. 1. 507 
Their opinion touc! oO birth of soules, their entrie 
into the bodie. 17. ERVEY Medit, (1818) 129 No actor 
on a stage... can make a more regular entry, or a more 
punctual exit! 12833 Herscuet Astron, viii. 258 The entry 
and egress of the planet’s center [across the sun’s disc]. 
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xiii. (1856) 99 Since our entry 
into the ice. 1866 Crump Banking x. 226 The first entry 
of gold into the mint for coinage ro 
ie 1587 Fieminc Cont. Holinshed U1. 1550/2 Then Ls, 
such an entrie of acquaintance, knowledge, love .. be- 
twixt them. 1604 James I Counterbl, (Arb.) 99 The first 
entry thereof [7.e. of Tobacco taking] among vs. 1690 TEMPLE 
Ess. Learn. Wks. 1731 I. 167 Very soon after the Entry of 
Learning upon the Scene of Christendom. 1833 CHALMERS 
Const. Man (1835) I. iii. 155 Finds entry into the mind. 

b. The ceremonial entrance (of a king, etc.). 

1534 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) O vj, Thus 
this emperour adressed his entre with his capitaynes. a 1714 
Burnet Ozwn Time (1766) I. 27 His entry and coronation 
were managed with such magnificence that the country 
suffered much for it. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 
III. 261 Their solemn entry into the imperial city. 

+c. The action of boarding (a ship). Ods. 

1sox Rareicu Last Fight Rev. (Arb.) 2t To make any 
more assaults or entries. an 

?The paying of formal visits, ‘making 
calls’. Obs. rare. 

1755 T. Amory Mem, (1769) I. 219 She can even pass the 
Sunday evenings away at cards and in visiting, and waste 
at play and entry the hours of the sacred day. /did. 11. 81 
They renounced custom and false notions, the propensities 
and entries, the noise and splendor of the world. 

2. Law. a. The actual taking possession of 
lands or tenements, by entering or setting foot on 
the same. 

1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 16 § t Thentre, season and pos- 
session of your seid Subgiet .. into all the premisses. 

— 32 Hen. VIII, c. 2 § 2 No.. person .. shall... maintein 
any .. writ o{f] entry vpon disseason done to any of his 
auncestors. a 1626 "bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law 23 
Where a man findeth a piece of land that no other pos- 
sesseth ,. and he that so findeth it doth enter, this entry 
gaineth a property. 1742 Fir_pinc Jos. Andrews 1, xil, 
He'd warrant ie soon suffered a recovery by writ of entry. 
1817-8 Consett Resid, U. S. (1822) 271 Mr. Birkbeck in- 
forms me he has made entry of a large tract of land. 1866 
Kinostey Herew. I. xvi. 298, I advise you as a friend not 
to make entry on those lands, : 

b. One of the acts essential to complete the 
offence of burglary. 

1769 BLAcKsSTONE Comtm. IV. 227 As for the [burglarious] 
entry, any the least degree of it, with any part of the body, 
or with an instrument held in the hand, is sufficient ; as, to 
step over the threshold. 

3. a. A dance introduced between the parts of 
an entertainment ; an interlude. Cf. Fr. entrée or 
entrée de ballet (Littré). b. Music. = ENTREE 3. 

_— Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1.276 A masque at Court, where 
the French King in person danced five entries. 1675 SHap- 
WELL Psyche 1. s. 1720 II. 16 Then an Entry danc’d by 
four Sylvans. 1728 R. Nortn Memoirs Musick (1846) 102 
The Entrys of Baptist ever were and will be valued as most 
stately and compleat harmony. 

+4. transf. a. The —— an office ; the 
accession of a sovereign. . The becoming a 
member of an institution. Ods, 

¢1380 Wycuir Se/, Wks. III, 310 For symonye don in 
here entre. 1389 in Zug. Gilds (1870) 107 To nee y pile 
ment of his couenauns for his entre. ¢ 1500 Blowbdol's Test. 
45 in Hazl. £.P. P. I. 94 Of so te reverens werre the 
universities, That men toke entrie elyng on their knees, 
1576 Thanksgiv. in Liturg. Serv. Q. Elis, (1847) 548 The 
day of the Queens Majestys entry to her reign, : 

+5. The right or opportunity of entering; ad- 
mission, ENTRANCE, Ods. 

a@ 1300 Cursor M. 1 king pam lete haf fre entre. 
¢ 1325 Coer de L. 1884 Apa ». had nigh won entrie. 
¢1330 R, Brunne Chron, (1810) 272 Now has pe Baliol a 
stounde lorn issu & entre, 1377 Lanot. P. Pi. B. x1, 118 
— may alle Cristene come. .and cleyme pere entre. 1491 

AxToN Vitas Patr, (W. de W. 1495) 11. 195 b/2, The entre 
of the cyte of Athenes forsayd was graunted unto +> 
1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 15a, Yet shall hee have free 
entree, egresse, and regresse in the same house, 1615 Cuar- 


226 
MAN Odyss 


ite 
Uni 


proffet 

prowes with a Ane entre, To any goode, on 

a ground fbi, c1450 Merlin xiii. prog (herd the entre 
may. 1535 GARDINER in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. xxx. 212 


I required your advice in mine entry 4 
1568 Grafton Chron. II. 618 When the e of Yorke 
had thus framed the entry into hys long entended jorney. 
1587 Harrison England u. vi. (1877) 1. 166 Some making 
their entrie [at supper] with egs. Stantey Hist. 
Philos. or) 555/2 Not to stay longer in the war 

+b. The preface or opening words (of a book, 
etc.). Obs. 

1340 Hampote Pr, Conse. Alle pat byfor es Lay eos P 
Ee bot als an entre of bis . 1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie 
(Arb.) 52 The Poet .. for hys entry, calleth the .. Muses to 
inspire into him a good inuention. Pearson Creed 
(1839) 225 And thus even in the entry of the Article we 
meet with the incarnation. 

7. concr. That by which any place open or closed 
is entered ; adoor ; a gate; an approach or passage 
to a country, etc.; the mouth of a river. Ina 
dwelling, an entrance-hall; lobby. Also fig. 

1297 R. Guouc, (1724) 158 Bute entre on per nys, And 
pat ys vp on harde roches. 1340-70 A/isaunder 908 En- 
forced were pe entres with egre men fele. c1420 Padlad. 
on Hush. 1, 1059 Her [the hive'’s] entre tourne it faire upon 
the southe. 1§35 Coverpate Acts xii. 14 She opened 
not the entrye for gladnes. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 669 
It was a passage and entrey into the Countrey of Laconia. 
1598-1600 Haxtuyt Voy., At the entrie of which riuer 
he stayed his course. 1605 Suaxs. Macd. u. ii. 66, I heare 


y 
Marr ing Methodie'd (ed. 
Book: eda eke petal 


-keeping is ethod of 
by double Entry etc. 1883 Cariss 3 
Book- by Double ..was devised centuries ago, 
ce. The list of names of the competitors (for 
Ot es s4/t The 
28 
ant oan 18 May 2 r entry for the Royal Hunt 


small 
d, “oe yeoman g at the custom-house of the 
nature quantity of goods in a ship’s cargo. 
Bill of entry: see quot. 1809. Port of entry: the 
port at — ineyres oods are entered. 
ii "pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 300 If 
Fe — + 1718 Lond. Gas. No. 51i/3 Keepzr ofthe Books 
of Entry of Shics coming Fete ts Pest Sf London. 1796 
B egic. Peace Wks. VII + 38: the 
face of our ies is ii 


There is no trace of his residence to be found in the entry- 
books of the Dean. 1751 PAil. Trans. XLVII. xlii. 280 An 
*entry-clerk in the court of ay 1526 TinDALE Acts 
xii. 13 Peter knocked at the *entry dore. a 1804 J. MaTHER 


| Songs (Sheffield 1862) 88 Who tell their fond tales at an 


| *entry end. 1855 Whitby Gloss., ‘The *entry mat’, the 

| street door mat. 1 A. MeKay Hist. Kilmarnock 210 

| Each member to Pay e usual *entry-money. 1880 Antrim 
nt: 


a knocking at the South entry. a 1652 Brome Eng. Moor | 


u. ii, Her’s a letter thrown into the entry, 1727 Swirt 
Descr. Morning, Prepar’d to scrub the entry and the stairs. 


1826 T. J. Warton in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. 1. 156 He tells | 


truly who signed that paper in the entry or porch. 

Tig 1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. Lg Per es entre and way 
.. Til lyf or ded. ¢ 1386 CHaucer Medlibeus ? 73 Werre at 
his bygynnyng hath so greet an entre and so large, that 
every wight may entre. a1450 Kut. dela Tour 14 Humilite 
is the furst entre and wey of frenship. 1570 BILLINGSLEY 
Euclid x1. Introd. 312 The first booke was a ground, and 
a necessarye entrye to all the rest following. 1855 O. W. 
Hoimes Poems 191 Gone, like tenants that quit without 
warning, Down the back entry of time. 

4 A sense ‘innermost part, sanctuary’ has been 
erroneously inferred from the following passage, 
in which Chaucer confuses L. adytum with aditus. 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. i. 30 Sentences. .drawen oute of 
myne entre, pat is to seyne out of myn informacioun. 

b. ¢ransf. A passage between houses, whether 
or not leading to an open space beyond; an alley. 
Now only dza/. + Also, an avenue, approach to 
a house (ods.), 

c1400 Destr. Troy 1600 All maister men pat on molde 
dwellis, Onestly enabit in entris aboute. 1632 Hrywoop 
and Pt. Iron Age u1. Wks. 1874 III. 391 Through many a 
corner and blind entries mouth, @ 1639 W. WHaTELy Profo- 
types 1. xxi. (1640) 260 A dark entrie leading to the glorious 
palace of glory. 1 Puitirs Life Milton xx, A pretty 
Garden feelin the end of an reg f 1792 WoLcotT 
(P. Pindar) Odes Kien Long Wks. 1812 III. 155 The souls 
of many Kings are vulgar Entries. . A long, dark, dangerous, 
dreary Way, past finding. 1866 R. Cuampers £ss. Ser. 1. 
129 A chimney-sweep. .has been established for years in one 
of the murky entries. J/od. The entrance to these houses 
{in Birmingham] is not in the front which faces the street, 
but in the ‘entry’ [é ¢. passage common to two adjoining 
houses]. 

ec. Hunting. (See a) 

1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Wés. 1. 93/1 For what Necro- 
manticke spells are, Rut, Vault, Slot, Pores, and Entryes. 
I Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Hart, Let him draw into 
Covert as he observing the size of entries. 1 
Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. (1862) I. 1. v. 325 When a deer has 

into a thicket, leaving marks whereby his bulk may 
wr it is called an entry. 
. Mining. (See quot.) 

188x Raymonp Mining Gloss., Entry, an adit. Applied 
to the main gangway in some coal mines. 

+8. A room or house into which one enters to 
lodge ; a lodging, hostel. Ods. exc. Hist. 

1544 Late Exp. Scotl. in Arb. Garner 1. 125 Upon the 
a hment of the men to their entries. 1852 Sir W. 

AMILTON Discuss. 412 All scholars should be members of 
some College, Hall or Entry. 1864 Burton Scot Aér. 1. 
vy. 258 Officers of the collegiate institutions—colleges, halls, 
inns, and entries. 

9. The action of entering or registering some- 
thing in a list, record, account-book, ete. Also 
concr. a statement, etc. entered upon a record; 
an ‘item’ in a list or an account-book. 

1553 GRIMALDE Cicero's Offices 1. (1 558) 163 The enteries 

ponnish of the ce: d as m 

Act 5 Eliz. c. 12 § 6 The said Clerk. .shall register. .a brief 
Declaration or Entry of the said Licence. a1626 Bacon 
New Ati. (J.), A notary made an entry of this act. x72 
Arsutunor Yokn Bulls Fees for..examinations, filings of 
writs, entries, etc. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral T. (1816) 
I. xix. 154 The sailor. .appealed..to the entry in the 

1849 Stove Canne’s Necess. Introd. 11 The following en- 
tries, copied from the Lords’ Journal. .determine the date. 
+ x Poeapee Howrrr tr. #. Bremer’s Greece 1. viii. 259 
M: ns 


an entry in my diary, of the daily occurrences. 

. Double Entry; the method of peer ad 
in which every item entered to the credit of one 
account in the ledger is entered to the debit of 
another, and vice versa. Single Entry: the 


& Down Gloss., ‘ry mouth, sb., the end of an enti 
or lane, where it opens upon a street. i 
169 The two women lifted thin gingham nets from the 
*entry-pegs. 1471 Hist. Arriv. Edw, ZV. (Camd. Soc.) 6 
At the first *Entrie-winning of his right to the Royme and 
Crowne of England. 

Entuite, var. of Entwit(z. 

+ Entu'ne, si. Obs. rare—', [f. next verb.] 
Tune; song; melody, music. 

¢ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 309 So mery a sowne, so 
Swete entunes, 

+ Entu'ne, v. Ots. Also 5 en-, intewne. 
[var. of Entone, Intong, a. OF. entone-r, -onne-r 
= Pr. and Sp. entonar :—late L. intonare, f. in- 
(see In-) + 4on-us TONE: see TuNE.] 

lL. ‘vans. To sing, chant, intone. Also aédso/. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1v. Proem 4 And can to folis so 
—_— entune. 1450-1530 ear our Ladye 300 oe 
peple intewne praysynges to the vyrgyn marye. - 
ton Gold. php 4 Alle they that were comen wie Jhesu 
Cryste entewned swetely. Hakewitt Afol. w. x. § 2 
pat pln le Gorge d ina sol 
and mournfull note. 

2. To bring (a voice or instrument) into tune. 

a1soo Flower § Leaf xxvi, The company answered all, 
With voices sweet entuned, & so 1523 SKELTON 
Garl. Laurel 276 Whose hevenly armony was so 
sure, So duly entunyd with every measure. 1530 PaiscGr. 
538 ‘2, I entune, I set an instrument in tune or a companye 
of syngars. .. Have you entuned these organes? 

Enturf: see En- pref.) 1 b. 

Enturret (entwrét), v. rare. [f. En-1+Tur- 
= trans. To surround with towers. 

1866 J. Rose tr. Ovid's Fasti 1v. 246 Did she [the goddess] 
enturret first a Phrygian town? 

Entwine, intwine (en-, intwoin), v. [f. 
En-1, In- + Twine v.] 

1. trans. To twine or twist together; to plait, 
interlace, interweave. 

1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. u. iii. Intwine .. the flesh- 
like Columbine With Pinch Mixton ?. LZ. 1. 174 
But further way found none, so entwin'’d, As one 
continu'd brake, 1712 Bupcett Sfect, No. 425 ? 3 The 
Graces with their Arms intwined within one another, 1778 
Sir W. Jones Poems, Solima, Where bloom intwin'd tl 
lily, pink, and rose, 1801 Sourury Zhalaba m, xviii, 
Patiently the Old Man Entwines the eg nat pec 
1807 Cranse Par. Reg. 11, 281 Entwine their 
"gainst wind and weather. 


b. intr, for ref. 
Br. Patrick Parad, Pilgr. xiii. (1668) 92 There 
they entwine in the d ax77t St in 
P. Fletchers Pisc. Ect. (1771) iti. st. 15 note, Fly and entwine 
amid those locks of gold. 1849 S. R. Marrtann ///ustr.and 
Enquiries 1. 76 Two > aie who rear up and entwine in 
the light of a candle sti: 
ec. To form by twining ; to weave. 
tine Cece The vest and veil divine, Which 
'ring foliage rich flow’rs intwine, @1743 SAVAGE 
Valentine's Day Wks. 1777 11. 218 For him may Love the 
oa wreath entwine, 


x ooxer Eccl. Pol. v. i, This opinion, though false, 
Pe = Mr nm with a true, 1613 Doma Epith. es Pala- 
tine & Lady Eliz., You two have one way left 
t'entwine i this 's_ knot. “<> ARNOCK 
Attrib. God (1834) I. 10 It [the belief of a |] is so en- 
ined with reason, 1829 I. Taytor Enthus. x. (eee 
The [Christian] doctrine is entwined with the 
Srantey Westm. Ad, Pref. 11 The murder 
of et. . Was y entwined with the whole struc- 
ture of the building. 


2. To wreathe or (an object) with 
(another) ; to wreathe one) about, round (the 
other). Also intr. for refi. 4 : 
Fi ao Morse Amer. Geog. Il. 625 entwine their 

with the entrails of cattle. 1809 W. Irvine Knickerd. 


ENTWIST. 


(1861) 182 No more entwines with flowers his shining sword. 
1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. vii. (x8 79) 137 Trees intwined with 
creepers. did. xx. (1873) 454 The pepper-vine intwining 
round its trunk. 1874 BouTet, Arms § Arm. iv. 61 A 
vine-branch entwined about a rod or staff. 

b. fig. : 

1835 Browninc Paracelsus 132 Tangle and entwine man- 
kind with error. 1843 Neate Hymns for Sick 31 Inearthly 
joys entwined, I had forgot The things above. 1848 tr. 

‘arviotti’s Italy Xl. iii. 75 Schiller entwined himself round 
the heart. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. viii. 317 Similarity 
of name or local celebrity may cause a meh to entwine 
itself about some personage or event of actual history, 

3. To clasp as a twining plant; to enfold, em- 
brace. Also fig. 

1633 P. Fretcuer Purple Isl. u. xxxv, Divided flames, 
the iron sides entwining. 1633 G. Herspert 7¢mfple, Afflic- 
tion ii, Thy glorious houshold-stuffe did me entwine. 1 
Mitton P. L. x. 512 His Armes clung to his Ribs, his Leggs 
entwining Each other. @1803 Beattie Poems, Hares 94 
The flowering thorn. .The hazle’s stubborn stem entwin’d. 
1832 Tennyson Miller's Dau. xxix, True wife, Round my 
true heart thine arms entwine. 1878 Masque Poets 36 Let 
my arm your waist entwine. ‘ ae 

ence Entwi‘nement, the action of entwining ; 
the state of being entwined; also concr. En- 
twining vé/. sé.,the action of the verb ENTWINE. 
Entwi'ning ///. a., that entwines. 

@ 1670 Hacxert Adf, Williams 1. (1692) 81, That it might 
be like a mixture of roses and wood-binds in a sweet en- 
twinement. 1834 Sir F. B. Heap Bubbles Brunnen 307 No 
foot tore der the entwi 1674 N. Fairrax Bulk 
§ Selv. 193 The unthinkable care and forecast in all its [the 
world’s] evennesses and entwinings. 1738 GLovER Leonidas 
ut. 222 Among the intwining branches of the groves. 1821 
SuHEttey Prometh, Und. 1. 148, I feel Faint like one mingled 
in entwining love. A : 

Entwist, intwist (en-, in,twi'st), v. [f Ev-1 
+ Twist v.] trans. a. To clasp with a twist. 
b. To form into a twist. ec. To twist in with. 

a- 1590 SHaks. Mids. N. ww. i. 48 So doth the woodbine, 
the sweet Honisuckle, Gently entwist. 1683 A. Snare Anat, 
Horse 1. x. (1686) 20 They [the guts] are gathered up and 
entwisted in the folds of the Mesentery. 1705 Pui.irs 
Blenheim 249 (Jod.) Th’ unweeting prey Entwisted roars. 
1750 JoHNSON Rambler No. 68 ® 5 Very few .. have their 
thread of life entwisted with the chain of causes on which 
armies or nations are suspended. 1769 Mrs. Monracu 
Lett. II. 114 Though the single thread will not bear hand- 
ling, yet twisted, and entwisted .. it is hard to be broken. 
1837 New Monthly Mag. XLIX. 399 Some had a maze of 

po 


horsehair. .entwisted round their Se 

3 | Roserts Clavis Bibd. iii. 63 Intwisted or woven 
together like a curious silken web. 1711 J. GreeNwoop 
Eng. Gram. 282 When a twister a-twisting, will twist him 
a twist For the twisting of his twist, he three twines doth 
intwist. aide Madoc i. xii, His untrimm’d hair, a 
long and loathsome mass, With cotton cords intwisted. 1864 
NEALE Seaton, Poems 111 The endless lines Intwisted, 
and enlinked. 

Hence Entwi'sted A/. a. 

@ 1800 Cowper & Haycey tr. Anudreini’s Adam w. i. The 
fatal sound of these entwisted pipes. @1813 A. WILSON 
£p. C. Orr Poet. Wks. (1846) 170 His noontide walks, his 
vine entwisted bowers. 1855 SinGLETON Virgil II. 38 A 
pliant collar of entwisted gold. 

+Entwi't(e, v. Ods. Also 6 entwyte, 
(entuite, intwight) 7 enthwite. [Altered form 
of Arwirz ; cf. Twir.] ¢rans. a. To twit, rebuke, 
reproach (a person). Const. of, with b. To 
make (a thing) a subject of reproach. 

1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph, 146 Thou doest naught to 
entwite me thus. ar — Royster D. u. iii. (Arb.) 36 
No good turnes entwite, Nor olde sores recite. 1560 
School House for Women 828 in Hazl. £. P. P. IV. 137 
In case they doo you but one benefit They wil you ever 
with that one entwit. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Matz. xxiii. 29 
note, Christ..entwyteth them of their malice. 1583 STany- 
HuRsT nes Ded. (Arb.) 8, I may bee perhaps entwighted 
of more haste then good speede. 1588 Br. ANDREWES Ser. 
1o April (1629) 8 By that word he meanes to enthwite them. 
@ 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 68 He 
doth somewhat bitingly taxe and entuite the Corinthians. 
1608 [Hieron] Defence I]. 42 He entwitteth the suspended 
and deprived ministers with want of learninge. 

Entyer, -e, obs. ff. of Entre. 

Entyr, obs. form of InTER v. 

Entyr-: see IntEr-. 

Entyre, obs. form of ENTIRE. 

Entyrement, obs. form of INTERMENT. 

Entyrmes, obs. form of ENTREMESS. 

+ Enw’bilate, v. Ods.-° [f. L. endbilat- ppl. 
stem of énibilare, f. & out + miibil-us cloudy, f. 
niibes a cloud.] trans. To make clear. 

1736 in Baitey. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Enu:bilous, a. Ods.—° [f. L. 2+ niibil-us + 
-oUs.] Fair, without clouds. 

1736 in Baitey. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Enucleate (énidklijeit), v. Also 6 enucleat. 
[f. L. ézucleat- ppl. stem of énucledre to remove 
the kernel of, f. 2 out + #ucleus kernel. The fig. 
sense, till modern times the exclusive one in Eng., 
was fully developed in Lat.] 

1. fg. To extract the ‘kernel’ from; to bring 
out from disguise; to lay open, clear, explain. 

1548 Hatt Chron. (1809) fom) Thinkyng that he would 
enucleate and open to her all these thinges. 1560 RoLLanp 
Crt. Venus ut. 896 All ob prob +3¢ can..Enucl 
x6az AiLesBuRY Sermt. (1623) 19 We sweat to enucleate the 
mystery. 1774 T. West Antig. Furness (1805) 37 No in- 


227 


scription .. that can serve to enucleate its original name. 
1787 Scuwartz in Phil, Trans. LXXVII. 359 To enucleate 
¢ family relation of this hitherto unknown vegetable. 
1846 Lanpor Exam. Shaks. Wks. I1. 272 To enucleate 
and bring into light theirabstruse wisdom. 1859 Sat. Rev. 
3 Sept. 284/1 Enucleating the sense which underlies a diffi- 
cult construction. : 

2. Surg. To extract (a tumour, etc.) from its 
shell or capsule. Also aédsol. 

1878 A. Hamitton Nerv. Dis. 196 They are easily enu- 
cleated. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 115 To remove 
them it is only necessary to divide their capsule and the 
soft parts covering them in and to enucleate. 1887 Brit. 
Med. Frni. 17 Dec. 1359/1 Dr. Keith’s success in enucleating 
uterine tumours. 

Hence Enu'cleating A//. a. 

1862 Lowett Biglow P. 92 Runick inscriptions .. offer 
peculiar temptations to enucleating sagacity. 

Enucleation (#ni#kli,2-fan). [as if ad. L. 
*enucleation-em, f. énucledre: see prec. Cf. Fr. 
énucleation.] 

1. The action of enucleating, or getting out the 
‘kernel’ of a matter; unfolding, explanation. 

1650 S. CLarkE Eccl. Hist, 1. (1654) 326 To which they 
added an enucleation of hard texts. 1686 Goap Celest. 
Bodies 1. ix. 27, | say therefore, toward the Enucleation of 
the Question, etc. 1796 PeccE Anonym, vit. 1xxxiii. (1809) 
382 Another enucleation of this difficult ecclesiastical term. 
1840 Blackw. Mag. XLVIII. 274 The enucleation of sepa- 
rate parts of that which his ambitious intellect yearned to- 
wards the production of asa whole. 1862 F. Hari Hindu 
Canons of Dramaturgy (1865) 9 Its writer rarely propounds 
for scholastic enucleation such an enigma as, etc. 

Surg. ‘The shelling out of a tumour, or a 
structure, or a part, from its capsule or enclosing 
substance’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1874 Roosa Dis. Ear 107 Sebaceous tumours should be 
removed by enucleation. 1876 J. S. Bristowe Theory & 
Pract. Med. (ed. 2) 53 They .. are .. capable of pretty easy 
enucleation from the tissues in which they are imbedded. 

Enuff, enujhe, obs. ff. ENouGH. 

Enula campana: see ELECAMPANE. 

1542 Borve Dyetary xix. (1870) 278 The rootes of Enula- 
campana, soden tender. 1634 H. R. Salerne’s Regin. 141 
rjiz tr. Pomet’s Hist. Drugs I. 52. 

+Enumber, v. Ods. rare. Also 5 enoumbre. 
[a. OF. exombre-r, enumbrer = Pr. enombrar, It. tn- 
ombrare :—L. inumbrare, f. tz in + umbra shadow. 
Cf. INuMBRATE.] ¢rans. To put in the shade; to 


overshadow, shroud. Also refi. 

c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) Prol., He wolde of his blessednesse 
enoumbre him in the seyd blessed & gloriouse Virgin Marie. 
[bid xii. 136 God sente his Wysdom in to Erthe and enum- 
bred him in the Virgyne Marie. 

Enumerable, Enumerate, erroneous forms 
(freq. in 17th c.) of INNUMERABLE, INNUMERATE. 

+ Enu'merate, fc. pple. Obs. [ad. L. eme- 
rat-us, pa. pple. of éxumerare: see next.) Equi- 
valent to the later ENUMERATED. 

1646 G. GitLesrie Male Audis 3 So many scandals as are 
enumerate in the Ordinance. 1671 True Noncon/, 226 All 
these vain Popish Inventions, and Superstitions, enumerate 
in this Covenant. 17xx C. M. Lett. to Curat 35, 1 proceed 
now Particularly to consider our Reformers enumerate by 
your author. . 

Enumerate (‘nid méreit), v. [f. L. ceumerdat- 
ppl. stem of éxumerare, f. @ out + numerdare to 
count, f. zzmerus NUMBER.] 

1. ¢vans. To count, ascertain the number of; 
more usually, to mention (a number of things or 
persons) separately, as if for the purpose of count- 
ing ; to specify as in a list or catalogue. 

For the primary sense ‘ascertain the number of’, see esp. 
EnuMErATED fd. a, and cf. ENUMERATION, ENUMERATOR. 

1647 Jer. TAyLor Dissuas. Popery u. i. § 11 (R.) If the 
priest pardons no sins but those which are enumerated. 
1671 J. Wesster Metadlogr. vii. 113 Again, he enumerateth 
eight sorts of Cachimies that were known unto him. 1744 
BERKELEY Sivis § 244 There would be no end of enumerating 
the like cases, 1803 G. S. Faper Caédiri II. 34 Atalanta 
is enumerated, by Apollodorus, among the Argonauts. 
1816 J. SmitH Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 56x The satellites 
of Jupiter .. are enumerated and distinguished in a regular 
manner. 1836 J. H. Newman Par. Sevm. (1837) III. xvii. 
261 St. Paul.. enumerates many of the Ancient Saints. 
1856 H, Mitcer Jest. Rocks xi. (1857) 469 Adolphe Brog- 
niart had enumerated only seventy species of plants. 

+b. with clause as obj. Ods. rare. 

1653 Cromwett Lett, §& Sf. 4 July, Enumerating how 
businesses have been traueicted om that time. 

2. Gram. To ‘qualify’ numerically. vare. 

1876 A. Davinson Hebr. Gram. § 48 The other numerals 
are nouns and disagree in gender with the words which they 
enumerate. ; 

+3. [? Cf. L. exumerare to pay in full.] ?To 
bestow abundantly. Oéds. rare. 

1717 L. Howet Desiderius (ed. 3) 76 Prayers that he 
would ennumerate his spiritual Gifts to this holy Society. 

Hence Enumerated #//. a., Enu'merating 
vbl. sh. (in quot. attrid.). 

17ax Roy. Proclam. 5 Feb. in Lond. Gaz. No. 5928/4 Such 
enumerated Goods. 1767 T. Hutcuinson Hist. Prov. Mass. 
i, 4 Contraband and enumerated commodities, 1871 Census 
Eng. & Wales, Prelim, Report 6 The enumerated popula- 
tion of London. .was 3,251,804. 1864 Burton Scot Aér. I. 
v. 253 That enumerating function of the Roman officer. 

Enumeration (¢nizméréi-fon). [a. F. duc- 
meration, ad. L. énumeration-ent, n. of action f. 
énumerare: see prec.] 


ENUNCIATION. 


1. The action of ascertaining the number of 
something ; esf. the taking a census of population ; 
a census. 

3577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 629 That holy man did 
rightly know the enumeration of the sacred Trinitie. 1810 
in Risdon’s Surv. Devon 394 According to the enumeration 
in 1801, the population amounted to 1600 persons. 1819 
Gentl. Mag. 529 He produced an enumeration of the in- 
habitants of the island. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 340 
note, In 1740, the population of Nottingham was found, by 
enumeration, to be just 10,000. 

2. The action of specifying seriatim, as in a list 
or catalogue. 

1551 GarDINER Of The Presence in Sacrament 21 Vo 
multiply language by enumeracioun of partes. 158x Lam- 
BARDE Liven. 1v. xvi. (1588) 576, I shall not need to make 
long enumeration of the sortes of executions, which, etc. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. i. 279 The enumeration 
of Genealogies, and particular accounts of time. 1793 T. 
Beppors Math. Evid. 34 The definition of a complex term 
consists merely in the enumeration of the simple ideas, for 
which it stands. 1858 Lp. St. Leonarps Handy Bk. Pro- 
perty Law xvii. 136 The enumeration of these circum- 
stances is not to restrict the generality of the enactment. 

b. concr. A catalogue, list. 

1724 Watts Logic 1. ii, §2 Though they are not all agreed 
in this enumeration of elements. 1772 Yunius Lett. Ixviii. 
351 The enumeration includes the several acts cited in this 
paper. 1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. 135 We should 
possess an enumeration. .of her materials and combinations. 
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 184 In this enumeration the 
greatest good of all is omitted. 

3. Ret. transl. L. enwmeratio: A recapitulation, 
in the peroration, of the heads of an argument. 

1862 in Maunper Scz. & Lit. Treas.; and in mod. Dicts. 

Enumerative (‘nid mérétiv), a. [f. ExumEr- 
ATE v. + -IVE.] That has the function of enu- 
merating ; concerned with enumeration. Const. of. 

1651 Jer. Taytor Holy Dying v. § 3 Being particular 
and enumerative of the variety of evils which have dis- 
ordered his life. 1848 H. Miter First Jinpr. vi. (1857) 102 
He [Thomson] rather enumerates than describes. . Now the 
prospect from the hill at Hagley furnished me with the true 
explanation of this enumerative style. 1880 MuirHEap tr. 
Gaius [nstit. Comm. iv. § 47 xote, Whether his welut is to 
be taken as enumerative..or as merely indicative. 

Enumerator (‘nizméreitor). [as if a. L. 
*enumerator, agent-n. f. énemerare to ENUMERATE. ] 
One who enumerates ; sfec. one of the subordinate 
officers employed in taking a census. 

1856 Grote Greece 1. xcvi. XII. 492 zofe, The enumerators 
take account of the slave women and children. 1881 Daily 
News 5 Apr. 6/1 The enumerator has to leave from a 
hundred to two hundred schedules and after a few days to 
call for them again. 

Enunciable (‘nznfiab’l), a. [as if ad. L. 
*enuntrabilis, f. enuntiare; see next.) That ad- 
mits of being enunciated. 

1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. (1834) 198 All the words enun- 
ciable are in it contained. 1824 CoLrrtipce Adds Ref. 
(1848) I. 261 John..enunciates the fact itself, to the full 
extent in which it is enunciable for the human mind. 

Enunciate (‘nvnfijeit), v. [f. L. euntiat- 
ppl. stem of ézntédre (incorrectly enunciare), f. é 
out + 2entidre to announce, f. szenzzzs messenger. ] 

1. trans. To give definite expression to (a propo- 
sition, principle, theory, etc.) ; = ENOUNCE I. 

1623 CockEerAM, Exunciate, to declare. 1656 tr. Hoddes’ 
Elem. Philos. (1839) 204 Which also may more briefly be 
enunciated thus, velocity is the quantity of motion deter- 
mined by time and line. @ 1691 T. Bartow Rem. 553 
The truths that may be enuntiated concerning him [Plato]. 
1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 2 The theory consequent 
upon new facts. .is generally enunciated by the discoverers 
themselves. 1853 Marspen Early Purit. 220 The dogmas 
enunciated in the Lambeth articles. 1878 HuxLey Physiogr. 
g5 The same principle may be enunciated in another form. 

b. Of words: To form, or serve as a statement of. 
rie hig Liberty (1865) 20/2 The words which enunciate 
a truth. 

2. To state publicly ; to proclaim. 

1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel Pref. 24 Moses enunciated as 
simple, undemonstrated truth, ‘In the beginning God created 
the heaven and the earth’. 1875 Manninc Mission H. 
Ghost i. 3 It can therefore never err in enunciating or de- 
claring ihe revealed knowledge which it possesses. 

8. To utter, pronounce (articulate sounds). Also 


absol, = ENOUNCE 3. 

1759 Hart Vision of Death (R.), Each enunciates with a 
human tone. 1791 Boswett Fohnson an. 1744 note, Not .. 
marked by any peculiar emphasis, but only .. distinctly 
enunciated. 1873 Browninc Red Cott, Nt.-Cap 223 How 
distinct enunciating, how Plain dealing! 

Hence Enw‘nciated f7/. a. : 

1664 H. More Myst. [nig. 534 That Incongruity betwixt 
enunciated Falsity and the Minde and Things has no moral 
evil in it. 1827 H. T, Cotesrooke Algebra 266 Putting 
the enunciated divisor sixteen. 1835 WHEWeELL in Tod- 
hunter Acc. of Whewell’s Writings (1876) II. 213 A dis- 
tinction or resemblance in enunciated principle. 

Enunciation (fnvnfizi-fon). [ad L. gun- 
tiation-em, n. of action f. enuntiare: see prec. 
Cf. Fr. ézonciation.] The action of enuntiating. 

1. The action of giving definite expression to (a 
law, principle, etc.). 

1808 Med. ¥rnZ. X1X. 482 Enunciation of the Principle, 
and Observations respecting it. 1830 Herscuen Stud. Nat. 
Phil. 95 The most extensive and general enunciation of the 
laws of nature. 1873 J..Cooxe New Chem. 13 This word 
. selected by Avogadro in the enunciation of 0 law. 

-2 


ENUNCIATIVE. 


+b. concr. A proposition, statement. Oés. 

1628 T. Spencer Logick 222 A axiome, is but 
one proposition, or enuntiation, as Aristotle calls it. 1637 
Gutesrie Eng. Pop. Cerent. ty. vii. 32 Christ .. used no 
prayer in the distribution, but that demonstrative enuncia- 
tion, This is my body. 1717 S, Crary Mr. Leibnits’s 5th 
Paper (R.), Every intelligible enunciation must be either 
true or false. 1765 Warsurton Div. Legat. (ed. 4) vi. § 4 
V. 194 ote And verifies the enunciation of the g 

ce. Math. The form of words in which a pro- 
position is stated. aes 

1793 T. Beppors Math. Evid. 50 The enunciation of 
proposition the 29th. 1885 Leupesporr Cremona’s Prof. 
Geom. 99 These are precisely the two directly equal pencils 
mentioned in the enunciation. 

2. +a. ? Verbal expression (quot. 1551). b. The 
action of declaring or asserting (a fact, doctrine, 
etc.) ; formal declaration or assertion. 

155r Garpiner Of The Presence in Sacrament 41 a, 
The callyng of bread by enunciation, for a name is not 
material. 65x Jer. TayLor Clerus Dom. (R.), By way of 
interpretation and enunciation, as an ambassador. 1827 
BentuaM Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VII. 81 The proposition 
in question .. is not, properly speaking, the enunciation of 
a matter of fact. 1 EVER 7. Burke xviii, He never 
missed an opportunity for the enunciation of such doctrines. 

8. The uttering or pronouncing of articulate 
sounds; manner of utterance. 

1750 CuesteRF. Lett. 9 July (1870) 179 Remember of what 
importance Demosthenes and one of the Gracchi, thought 
Enunciation. 1812 Examiner 9 Nov. 716/1 His enuncia- 
tion is perfectly articulate. 1879 Froupe Cesar xi. 129 He 
mocked at his bad enunciation and bad grammar. 

Enunciative (‘nv nfijtiv). [ad. L. gun- 
tiativ-us, f. énuntiare: see ENUNCIATE. 

1. That serves to enunciate ; predicative ; decla- 
ratory. Const. of. 

1531 E.yor Gov. 11. xxv, Yet be their warkes compacte in 
fourme of narrations whiche by oratours be called enuncia- 
tiue. ¢Y Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 219 
‘These enunciative words do not prove them man and wife. 


1628 T. SPENCER as ag 160 An enuntiatiue a gee is either | 
le. 


simple, or compounded of those that be simp! 1654 JER. 
Taytor Real Pres. 74 And if these words..be exegetical, 
and enunciative of the change that is made by prayers and 
other mystical words. 1726 Ayuirre Parerg. 306 In respect 
of the dispositive Words ofan Instrument, and not in regard 
of the Enunciative Terms thereof. 1816 BentHam Chrestom. 
41 The simply enuntiative parts of the propositions will 
serve by themselves. 1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 284 
The words are. .more directly enunciative of the doctrine. 
+b. Gram. (See quot.) Ods. 

c 1620 A. Hume Brit. Tongue (1865) 33 The conjunction 
enunciative coples the partes of a period.. The ratiocinative 
couples the parts of a ratiocination. — 

+ ¢. Of a command: Explicit, express. Ods. 

1664 H. More Synopsis Proph. 534 His absolute and enun- 
ciative command. 

+2. Of the nature of outward expression. Ods. 

1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 480/1 As to Enuncia- 
tive discourse..there are some Dogmatists who condemn it 
.. whence they kept silence. 1656 Jeanes Mixt. Schol. 
Div. 63 Here by the word is understood, not the word 
enunciative [L. prolativum), the word written or preach’t, 
But the Word substantiall: And the word was God. 

3. Pertaining to vocal utterance or elocution. 

1831 Fraser's Mag. III. 485 Time had palsied your 
strength and weakened your enunciative powers. 1850 
bid. KLI. 449 He gave scope to the extraordinary enuncia- 
tive powers of Bannister. ak 

Hence Enwnciatively adv., in an enunciative 
manner ; declaratively. 

1637 GitLesrize Eng. Pop. Cerem. w. vii. 32 It is not a 
thing indifferent, to omit the repetition of those words, This 
ts my body, enunciatively and demonstratively. 

Enunciator (/nvnfijeitar), [a. L. énuntiator, 
f. énuntidre: see ENUNCIATE.] One who or that 
which enunciates, 

1809-12 Mar. Epcewortn Ennui xv, The news, of which 
she was the first, and not very intelligible enunciator. 
Hux.ey Man's Place Nat. u. 85 As for the second [proposi- 
tion], one can only admire the surpassing courage of its 
enunciator. 1870 Psalms Chronologically A rranged 113 
The Prophets .. were acknowledged as the s of 
God’s present purpose. 

b. A self-acting telegraphic signal. 

1889 Pall Mall G. 21 j= 6/3 An electric enunciator in 
the box-office which will register the num! etc. : 

+ Enwnciatory, 2. Os. rave. [f. L. enuntiat- 
(see ENUNCIATE) + -oRY.] = ENUNCIATIVE, 

@ 1693 Urqunart Radelais m1. xxxviii. 317 Predicable and 
enunciatory fool. 

Enunction, var. of Inunerion, Oés. 

Enundation, obs. form of InunDATION. 

+ Enwny, v. Ods. [ad. late L. inini-re, f. in in 

+ tini-re to unite, f. zus one.] trans. To unite. 

1542 Becon Christmas Banquet Works 1560 I. xxvii. b. 
Repentance without faith auaileth nothing, but enunied and 
ioined with faith is a singuler and high treasure. did. Ex- 
cept by fayth they be enunied and joined together, 

Enure (eniiies), v. [f. Ex-1 + Ure, a. OF. 
oeuvre operation; cf. foure, Poor, a. OF. poure. 

An earlier form of Inure, by which it is now supersed 
exc. in the legal sense 3 below. 

+1. trans. To put into operation or exercise ; 
to raged into act; to commit (a crime). Ods. 

1 PENSER Let, G. Harvey Wks. (Globe) App. ii. 709/1 

I in that kinde. — F.Q. 


ure... That 


so enure my penne sometime 
Iv. ii, 29 Ne certes can that friendship 

end enure. /bid. v, ix. 39 Many 
enured, a 1599 — Epigr, Wks. 


doth ill cause or evill 
haynous crymes by her 


) 587/2 But he, soone after, fresh againe enured His 
cruelty. Haraincton E£figr. u. (1633) 
- = ane N a 101 


mind, to the endurance of a certain condition, to 
the following of a certain kind of life, etc. Const. 
zo with sd. or izf.; in early use also with. Now 
only in form INURE, q. v. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1, xiv. 38 To enure hem self so 
to peyne and trauayll. 1509 Fisner 7 Penit. Ps. Wks. 16 
They shall be enured with contynuall hatred. 1561 T. 
Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 31 That by litle and litle they 
may be enured with that profitable maner of speach. 1577 
tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 106 Wee must..enure our 
selues to i m {chil J, if they delight to lie. 1645 
Ussuer Body Div. (1647) 334 Yet, as a Master of defence, 
enureth us to the conflict, contending with us. 
Hosses Odyssey (1677) 55 Henceforth his people let no king 
enure To gentle government. 1713 ADDISON Caéo UL. 1, 
Troops enured to toil. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 1. 1. vi. 
202 He ..enured these sentient creatures to pleasure and 

in, cold andheat. 1837 Wuirrock Bk, Trades (1842) 350 

o enure youths to habits of industry. 

3. intr. Chiefly Law. To come into operation ; 
to take place, have effect; to be available; to 
be applied (to the use or benefit of a person). 
Const. ¢o or simply. 

1607 CowEL /nterpr., Enure signifieth to take place or 
effect, to be avaylable. 1642 Perxins Prof. Bh. i. § 69. 2 
‘This grant shall not enure to such intent to determine the 
seignorie but shall enure by way of covenant. 1677 YARRAN- 
ton Eng. Improv. 183 That all the Benefit of the said River 
Starwell..chall be and enure to the several Companies 
named in this Act. 


1765 Biacxstone Comm. 1. 401 Else 


Gaius u.§ 88 It enures exclusively to the bonitary pro- 
prietor. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. 1. 84 The suspension 
enures to the benefit of the President, who becomes a sort 
of dictator. 
b. trans. To make available; to hand over. 
1736 Carte Ormonde II. 205 To enure to any person or 


| persons..any estate sold or disposed of. 


Hence + Enu'rement, Oés., use ; practice. +En- 
wrer, Ods., one who practises or puts into opera- 
tion. Enwring vd/. sé. 

1611 Corcr., E-rercice, exercise ; enurement,use, practise ; 
action, execution. 1556 J. Heywoop Spider §& Fi. xxvii. 
243 As lawles enurers, Of verdites false or foolish. 1606 G. 
Wl[oopcocke] tr. Hist. Fustine 55 a, So..did. .the customary 
envring to the discipline of warre giue him bouldnes to put 
them to death. ; 

Enurn, obs. variant of Inurn. 

Enurny (enini), a. Her. Also enurney. 
[a. AF. enorné, enourné, altered form of OF. 
aourné adorned: see ANoRN, Enorn.] Of a bor- 
dure: Charged with beasts. By some writers 
improperly used as sb. for a charge of this kind 
upon a bordure. 

I LeicH Armorie (1597) 111 The fourth [bordure] is 
called Enurney, that is, when it is occupied with any beast. 
1610 Guitum Heraldry 1. v. (1660) 29 This term Enurny is 
—— to all bordures charged with any beasts. 1727 

RADLEY Fam. Dict., Enurny, the Heralds Term for a 
Bordure of a Coat of Arms, being charged with any kind of 
Beasts. 1847G/oss. Brit. Her. s. v. Bordure of England 
63 Some would say enurney of lions, or charged with an 
enurney of lions. 

Enus, -ys, var. forms of Eves adv. Ods. once. 

Envade: see INvapE. 

+ Enva‘hisshe, v. 0s. Also 5 envaysshe, 
envahysshe. [ad. Fr. envahiss- lengthened stem 
of envahir: see ENVAYE v.] trans. To attack. 


| Also aéso/. Hence Enva‘hisshing ///. a. 


1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. ii. 30 To enuahisshe leping 
vpon hisenemyes. /did. 11. xxxv. 148 Thus is the fortresse 


the dignity enures only to the grantee for life. 1875 Poste | 


ENVELOP. 


+Envarult, v. Ovs. Also 6 envawte. [f. 
En-1+ Vauur sd, 

: vee To over, cover the arched roof of. 
niki i ee 

2. To entomb. 


@1745 Swirt A Conclusion, 1 wonder, good that 
Bn pines Prithes, gaand be dead, and kedeuli 

+ Enva'y(e, sd. Oss. Also 5 envahye. [a. 
OF. sara. envaye, {. envahir: see next.] e 
attack. 

¢1450 Merlin xx. 318 We shull..chastice hem at this 
enuay. c¢ 1500 Melusine 201 His peuple.. made a fyers 

vpon the poyteuyns. 

+ Enva‘ye, v. Ods. Also 5 envahye, en- 
vayhe. [ad. Fr. envahi-r = Pr. envair, Sp. en- 
vadir:—late L. *invadire, L. invadtre: see IN- 
VADE, ENVAHISSHE.] /¢vans. To attack. 

les oe Bice o> vith Dies Be 0s canpelye 
enemyes. — Gold. Leg. 74/4 
chaldeys..haue enuayhed thy and taken them. 

Envaysshe: see ENVAHISSHE. 

Envecked, -ee, obs. ff. INvECKED, -EE. Her. 

Enveigh, etc., Enveigle: see Iv-. 

Enveil (envé'l), v. Also 6 enveile, envele. 

f. Ex-! + Ver sd. Cf. OF. envoiler.] trans. 

o cover with a veil, place a veil upon (¢.g. a 
woman when received into a religious pat 2 


Also ¢ransf. and fig. to shroud as with a veil. 

1585 Vardle Factions Pref. 16 Hauyng thus with his sub- 
tilties enueiled our mindes. /did. u. xii. 268 The Bi 
was giuen authoritie to enueile virgines, and to Ww 
them. 183; ph be gt “ae oan XIX. 305 Kerner again has 
taken up the whole black mantle of Novalis, and enveiled 
himself with it. 1850 Bracke 2 schylus 11. 170 When 
dark night enveils the welkin. 


+ Enveleny, v. O¢s. rare—'. [ad. It. invele- 
nire, f. in in + veleno:—L. venénum poison.] 


trans. To envenom, to poison. 
63534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (1844) 1. 249 A man..en- 
veleyed [? envelenyed] with the delicius poyson of ease. 


Envelop (envelop), v. Forms: a. 4-5 en- 
volupe(n, -ipe(n, 7-8 envellop, 6- envelop(e. 
8. 6 involup, 7-8 invellop(e, 6-8 invelop(e. 
[a. OF. exvolupe-r, loper (mod. lopp 
Pr. envolupar, envelopar, f. en- (see En-1) + *volup-, 
*velop-, cogn. with It. vi/ugpo bundle, whence 
inviluppare to envelope. Cf. DEVELOP, VOLUPERE. 

The Romanic base volup-, vilup- is of obscure pry oy 
some es ote it as Teut., comparing ME. wlaffen to Lar, 
wrap, which, however, is not known outside Eng., and is by 
Prof, Skeat regarded as an altered form of . Diez 
suggested that a late L. *volutudre (f. volvére to roll) became 
*voluppare, but the analogies offered for this phonetic pro- 
cess are unsatisfactory.] 

1. ¢vans. To wrap up in, or as in, a garment or 
outer covering. Also fig. 

1386 Cuaucer Pard. T. 614 For he is most envoliped in 
synne. 1406 Hoccteve Misrude 245 If that yee been en- 
volupid in cryme. 1513 Douctas fneis vu. iii. 67 With 
ane grene branche of tre He did involup and aray his heid. 
1650 BuLwerR Anth: t. 93 Eares so they 
invelope their whole bodies with them. Pinkney 
Trav: France 216 In digging a vault a body was di 
enveloped in a long robe. 1875 Lye.t Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) 


IL. 1. xl. 377 They had been packed up in a box, enve- 
loped in cotton. 
b. To serve as a wrapping or case for. Also 


ig. 
1595 Suaks. //en. V, 1, i. 31 Leauing his body asa Para- 
Pre lop and i Celestial Shirite. sy 


1738 Glover 
Leonidas x,(R.), The silken plumes Of sleep envelop his 
extended limbs. 1797 M. Bait Mord. Anat, (t80)) 357 
The cellul b which envelopes the vessels of 


enuaysshed. c¢ 1500 Me/usine 147 We dide yssue y 
and enuahysshed our enmyes. 

Envapour: see En- pref. 1 a. 

+Enva'‘ssal, v. Od;. Also 7 envassaile, 
-all, invassal, -el. ats En-1+4+VassaL.]  ¢vans. 
To reduce to the condition of a vassal; to reduce 
to servitude or subjection; to make subservient /o. 
Also fig. 


Ys 


1609 Br. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 60 Awing our 
Princes, enuassaling our Prelates, 7 Cupwortn Serm. 
1 Fok ii. 3-4 (1676) 57 Many of us..have our minds. .en- 


— ote) mane A 1660 Futter Mixt 
empl, \1O41) 1 wou e seized ur persons 
too, and have cavenentied.. us for one unto them. 

Hence Enva‘ssalled ///. a., Enva'ssaling vd/. 
sb. 

1609 Br. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 25 Yeelded vnto 
by ti Pri bitious and i Pre! en- 
uassalled Parasites. 1642 Vind. Parl. in Hari, Misc. 
(Malh.) V. 275 For the strength and safety, and not in- 
flaming or invassaling of his subjects and people. 

+ Enva‘ e. Obs. rare. Also 8 in-. [f. 
prec. + -AGE.]_ a. The state of being reduced 
to vassalage. b. The action of reducing to vas- 


Sin J. Tempre Jrish Rebell. Pref. 6 They as if 
dat conto: might be lelled with the Peabitieh 
in the Land of t. 1652 Peyron Catastr, 


en 
Ho. Stuarts 9o By that po nL they .. augmented the 
| power of invassalage. 


: b a . with the organs 
which they envelope, 1834 M°Murrrie Cuvier’s Anim. 
Xingd. 235 Their mantle unites r the body, forming a 
muscular sac which enve all 1870 H. Mac- 


enveloped body. 

. To wrap, cover closely on all sides with a 
surrounding medium (e.g. clouds, darkness, flames, 
an atmos; , etc.). Const. iz, with. Also 
with the surrounding medium as subject. ‘ 


1590 Spenser J. Q. 11. xii. 34 Suddenly a grosse fog over- 
geet. -And Beare chi face envel 1603 § 


Meas. for M. w. ii.77 The best, and win of 

4 night, Inuellop a Fe 1664 H. Sean 
a . 503 Raies envelop 

1675 Coomea 2 y Pome 4r ——. our and 

Delight, Are soon in in shades of Night. 1700 


Dryven Fadles, Pal. ss rc. 1863 A cloud of smoke envel- 
lops either 1762 Dunn in Phit. spies atc ol 
are so invelloped in vapours, as to be undiscerni 17t 
Cowrer //iad xvu. 716 Jove with storms Enveloped I 
Lagrange'’s Chem. 1. 58 The azote which 


pon k velops the carbon.” 3847 Must, ‘Lond, Ne 
en car! 7 Tilust. ews 
jul} . 's y was enveloped in one 
ne Lee a tame 1" L. Hunt Sar Homey ii. (2848) 


ENVELOPE. 


Hamitton Dissert. in Reia’s Wks. 752 The peasant em- 
loys all the principles of abstract philosophy, only inve- 
toed. latent, engaged. : 

+3. catachr. a. ‘To line; to cover on the in- 
side’ (J.). b. Of a body of men: To snrround. 

1590 SPENSER /. Q. 11. vii. 4 His yron cote, all overgrowne 
with rust, Was underneath enveloped with gold. 1683 
Temrce Mem. Wks. 1731 I. 388 The Prince of Orange .. 
was at first envelop'd by his own flying Men. 

Hence Enve'loped //. a. (in senses of the vb. ; 
in quot. fg.), enshrouded, darkened. Enve‘loper, 
one who envelops or wraps up. Enve‘loping 
vb. sb., the action of the vb. ENVELOP ; also concr. 
a wrapping ; an enclosing membrane. 

1607 WaLKINGcTON Off. Glasse 11 The inveloped and de- 
formed night of ignorance. 1883 CLopp in Anow/. 15 June 
353/1 The rain-clouds are imprisoned in dungeons or 
caverns by Vritra the ‘ Enveloper’. 1693 J. BEAUMONT o7 
Burnet’s Th. Earth 1. 52 The envelopings also with which 
the Infant is encompast, being very thin. 1831 R. Knox 
tr. Cloguet’s Anat. 239 The Enveloping Aponeuroses vary 
much in their thickness. 1879 G. Prescorr Sf. Telephone 
133, Magnetization .. impressed upon a soft iron rod by the 
action of an enveloping helix. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 702 
Salts. . present in solution in the enveloping strata of water. 

Envelope (e‘nvéloup, anv'lop), sd. Also 8-9 
envelop. [ad. Fr. exveloppe, f. envelopper: see 
ENVELOP v. 

Walker 1791 records the custom then prevailing of pro- 
nouncing this word like the Fr. exveloppe (anv’lop). In 
sense 2 this pronunciation, or rather some awkward attempt 
at it (an‘vélop, g'nvélo"p) is still very frequently heard, 
though there is no good reason for giving a foreign sound 
to a word which no one regards as alien, and which has 
been anglicized in spelling for nearly 200 years.] 

1. That in which anything is enveloped; ‘a 
wrapper, integument, covering’ (J.). 

1715 Kersey, Envelope, a cover for anything. 1796 C. 
Burney Mem. of Metastasio 1. 142 He has consigned to 
my messenger .. six volumes .. not only without a box, but 
without any kind of envelope, or direction. 1811 Edin. 
Rev. XVIII. 226 The earth which serves as the envelope of 
the bones [in certain caverns]. 1830 Herscuer Stud. Nat. 
Phil. 79 The statue might be conceived encrusted in its 
marble envelope. 1845 StocquELeR Handbk. Brit. India 
(1854) 346 The better class of females .. are covered with an 
immense piece of cloth. .these envelopes are of white cloth. 
1854 Brewster More Worldsii.21 The Earth is surrounded 
with an aerial envelope or atmosphere. 1865 Sat. Rev. 
28 Oct. 555 The spirits leave behind them the crass and 
heavy envelope of theirearthly tenement. 1873 H. Rocrrs 
Orig. Bible ii. (ed. 3) 90 The envelope which protects the 
chrysalis. 

b. fig. meee 

174x Warsurton Div. Legat. 11. 629 Their obvious sense 
that serves only for the envelope. 1797 Gopwin Exguirer 
ul. xii. 370 Style should be the transparent envelop of our 
thoughts. 1829 I. Taytor Exthus. iv. (1867) 78 The leading 
intention of both [Antinomianism and Stoicism] is to enclose 
the human mind in a perfect envelop of abstractions. 1865 
Lecxy Ration. (1878) I. 300 Every dogmatic system. .should 
be regarded as the vehicle or envelope of pure religion. 

2. spec. The cover of a letter; now a small sheet 
of paper folded and gummed to serve as a cover 
for a letter. 

@1714 Burnet Own Time I. (1724) 302 A letter from the 
King of Spain was given to his daughter by the Spanish 

» Ambassador, and she tore the envelope, and let it fall. 1726 
Swirt To Grub St. Poets, Wks. 1735 II. 368 Lend these to 
Paper-sparing Pope. . No letter with an Envelope Could give 
him more Delight. 1826 J. Neat Bro. Yonathan III. 351 
Our hero was tearing off the envelope. 1839 Sir R. Hitt in 
G. B. Hill Zz/e (1880) I. 346 The little bags called envelopes. 
1874 Burnanp Jy Time xxvii. 250 He quickly opened the 
envelope to see if the enclosed fee was in notes or a cheque. 

3. In physical science often used in general 
sense ; also sec. in Bot. the calyx or the corolla, 
or both taken together; in Astron. the nebulous 
covering of the head of a comet, the coma. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 234 The envelopes of the 
muscles, or the enveloping aponeuroses. . furnish. .insertions 
to muscular fibres. 1830 LinpLEy Nat. Syst. Bot. 99 
Stamens single, without any floral envelope. 1834 Mrs. 
SomerviLLe Connex. Phys. Sc. xxxvi. (1849) 404 The lumin- 
ous envelope was of a decided yellow. 185x CARPENTER 
Man, Phys. 519 A general contraction of the mantle or 
muscular envelope. Hooker Stud. Flora 14 Papa- 
veraceze .. envelopes and stamens very caducous. 

4. pig matey (See quot.) 

1707 in Glossogr. Angl. Nova. 1715 Kersey, Envelope, 
In Fortification, a Work of Earth rais’d either in the Ditch 
of a Place, or beyond it. 1853 SrocquELter Mil. Encyci., 
prog: in fortification, a work of earth, sometimes in 
form ofa single parapet, and at others like a small rampart. 

5. Math. The locus of the ultimate intersections 
of consecutive curves (or surfaces) in a ‘ family’ 
or system of curves (or surfaces). 

1871 Topuunter Diff: Calc. xxv. (1875) 359 The locus of 
the ultimate intersections of a series of curves is called the 
envelop of the series of curves. 1873 Wituiamson Dif 
Calc, xv. 250 The envelope of the system .. is touched by 
every curve of the system. 7 

Hence Envelope, v. col/og. to put (a letter) in 
an envelope. 

1857 De Morcan in Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton 
III. (1889) 519 You write letters..Lady Hamilton finds 

em, envelopes them, puts them before you, etc. 

Envelopment (enve'lopmént). [f. ENVELOP z. 

+ -MENT; cf. Fr. enveloppement.] The action of 


enveloping; the state of being enveloped. concr.- 


Thatwhichenvelops; awrapping, covering. Also fig. 
1763 Tucker Free Wei Pref. eli is eonab leo AE. 


229 


to see any sense at all, through their envelopements. 1831 
CartyLe Sart. Res. u. ii, Reverence .. springs forth un- 
dying from its mean envelopment of Fear. 1842 J. H. New- 
MAN Ch. of Fathers 34 Various diseases were cured. .by the 
touch of the holy bodies or their envelopments. 1879 Rut- 
Ley Stud. Rocks x. 160 Microscopic envelopments of quartz 
have been met with in chabasite. 

+ Enve'nom, s2. Ojs. In 4envenyme. [f. 
next vb.]_ That which enyenoms ; a poison. 

1377 Lancranp P. Pl. B. u. 14 Orientales and ewages en- 
uenymes to destroye. 

Envenom (enve‘nom),v. Forms: a. 4-6 en- 
venim, -ym(e, 4-5 envenem(e, -om, 4 envinim, 
5 envemyn, (envemon), 7 envenome, 6- en- 
venom. £. 6 inveneme, (invennom), 7 in- 
venim, -ome, 7-8 invenom. See also ANVENOM. 
[ME. exvenime-n, ad. OF r. envenimer, f. en (see 
En-1) + OF r. ventm (mod. venin) VeNom:—L. 
venen-um poison. ] 

+1. trans. To venom (a person, an animal) ; to 
poison by contact, bite, inoculation, etc. Also 
absol. 

c 1300 A. Adis. 5611 Addres, guiures [printed quinres], and 
dragouns Wolden this folk mychel and lyte, Envenymen and 
abite. 1340 Ayend, 26 Pe eddre bet al enuenymeb. c 1400 
Maunpev. v. (1839) 54 The serpentes byten hem & envenyme 
hem. ¢ 1450 LoneLicu Graé/lil. 240 Thanne sawh he wel that 
envemyned he was. 1535 Morr Ox the Passion Wks. 1274/1 
Being .. so sore envenomed with so mani poison spottes. 
1665-6 Phil. Trans. I. 391 A Toad may envenome out- 
wardly. 1665 Flagellum; or O. Cromwell (1672) Pref., 
That poyson of Asps under his lips which .. will envenome 
even those of the Species that come near it. 1725 BRADLEY 
Fam. Dict. s.v. Vives, Do not touch them with your 
Fingers, for it will invenom them. 

Jig. ¢€1380 Wycur Sed. Wks. 111. 272 Weiward disciplis, 
pat envenymyn and distroien holy Chirche. c 1386 Cuau- 
cer W7fe’s Prol. 474 But age, allas ! that al wol envenyme. 
ro1z W. Parkes Curtaine Dr. (1876) 6 He in-venomes all 
the eares that heare him. é : 

2. To put venom or poison on (a weapon, etc.) ; 
to taint (the air, ground, etc.) with poison; to 
render noxious or poisonous. Cf. ENVENOMED 


ppl. a. 

¢ 1325 Coer de L. 4349 Envenymyd ther takyl was. 1393 
Gower Conf. I. 234 An arwe.. Whiche he to-fore had en- 
venimed. ¢1450 Loneicn Grad |. 603 A knyf..the wheche 
envemyned was. c 1500 Melusine 161 The king was wounded 
with a dart enuenymed by the sawdans hand. 1555 EDEN 
Decades W. Ind. u1. 1x. (Arb.) 177 The women .. vse to in- 
ueneme their arrowes. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. v. ii. 332 The 
point envenom’d too, Then venome to thy worke. 1616 
Surr_, & Maru. Country Farm 291 The Caper-tree in- 
ueniming the whole ground, and making ofit barren. 1675 
TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxvi. 405 Because the colours are 
envenomed wherewith he painteth his face. 1871 NapHeys 
Prev. & Cure Dis... ii. 73 Plants which thus envenom the 
sweet. 

b. To infuse venom or bitterness into (actions, 
relations, etc.) ; to impart bitterness to (the feelings 
or words of a person) ; to embitter, make virulent. 

1533 BeLLenpDEN Livy v. (1822) 395 Knaw ye nocht how 
thir wageis war invennomit be poisoun of inemyis. 1568 
Grarton Chron. Il. 634 Their wordes were swete as sugar, 
and their thoughtes were all envenomed. 1658 Lady’s Call. 
m1. § 3. 87 It rather envenoms the crime and adds unnatural- 
ness to deceit. 1859 Mii Liberty iv. 152 Nothing in the 
..practice of Christians does more to envenom the hatred 
of Mahommedans. 1866 Fetton Anc. § Mod. Gr. II. viii. 
424 The complicated passions that envenomed the strife. 

3. fig. To impregnate with moral ‘venom’; to 
corrupt, vitiate. 

c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. iv. iii. 120 Pe vtteriste wikkednesse 
.-infectib and enuenemyp hem gretely. c1400 Rom. Rose 
7474 For men may finde alway sopheme The consequence 
to enveneme. c1440 Gesta Rom. ii. 7 Pe devill had en- 
venemyd all mankynd. 1641 Mitton Church Discig. 1.(1851) 
19 A universall tetter of impurity had invenom’d every part. 
1705 STANHOPE Paraphr. III. 433 We will hope... that no 
Minds so invenom’d can be found. 1883 I. Taytor Fanat. 
iv. 71 The imagination. .envenomed by hatred. 

Enve‘nomed, ///. a. [f. prec. +-ED!.] 

1. +a. Of a reptile, insect, ete.: Charged with 
venom (0ds.). b. Of a weapon, etc.: Smeared 
with venom. Of air, food, etc.: Poisoned, tainted. 
e. Of a wound : Infected with venom, poisoned. 

c1300 K. Adis. 5436 Her bytt envenymed was. c 1330 
R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 228 Envenomed knyfe he bare 
also priuely. 1393 Gowrr Conf III. 281 As a morcel en- 
venimed. 15977 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 48 The en- 
uenomed_ bytinges of the Serpents. c 1590 Marlowe 
Faust. vi. 22 Halters and envenom’d steel Are laid before 
me, 1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. m1. 47 Th’ inuenom’d 
gore, which from his palate bled. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. u. 
543 As when Alcides. . felt th’envenom’d robe. 1695 BLAck- 
morE Py. Arth, v1. 832 Some only breath th’ envenom’d 
Air, and die. 1708 J. Putirs Cyder u. 63 Happy Iérne, 
whose most wholsome Air Poisons envenom’d ‘spiders. 
1810 Scorr Lady of L. u. xxxiii, Thy dart Plunged deepest 
its envenomed smart, 

2. fig. Chiefly of temper, feelings, etc.: Viru- 
lent, malignant, embittered. 

¢1375 Wycur Antecrist in Todd Three Treat. (1851) 141 
Takyng of temporaltees envenymed. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. (1702) 1. v. 425 The reiterated complaints, and 
invenom’d repetitions. 1 SeLtpen Laws Eng..1. lxix. 
(1739) 180 The invenomed spirits of the Judges of those days. 
1781 Cowrer 7vuth 159 Of temper as envenomed as an asp. 
1821 SHELLEY Prometh.Unb. 1. i. 289 Till thine Infinity 
shall be A robe of envenomed agony. 1879 FroupE Czsar 
xix. 331 They at least had.no sympathy with such enve- 


nomed animosities, 


ENVIOUR. 


+ Enve‘nomer. 0Oés. rare. In 6 invenomer. 
One who envenoms. 

1598 FLorio, /tossicatore, a poisoner, an inuenomer. 

Enve‘noming, 2//. sd. [f. Envenom v.] The 
action of the verb ENveNom. Also concer. 

€1386 Cuaucer Merch. T. 816 Thy tayl is deth, thurgh 
thin envenymynge. c¢ 1450 Lonetic Grail |. 607 The ton 
was for the envemynenge, pe tober for scharpnesse. 1627- 
77 Fevtuam Resolves 1. xxi. 38 The ways he strews with ser- 
pents and invenomings. 

+ Enve‘nomize, v. Ods. vare—1. [f. En-1+ 
VENOM s6.+-IZE.] trans. To infect with poison. 
In quot. adsol. 

1598 Torre Alba (1880) 85 Fierce Serpents (not milde 
Doues) enuenomise. 

+ Enve‘nomous, z. Ods. In 5 envenymous, 
7 invenomous. fad. OF. exvenimeus, f. envent- 
mer to ENVENOM.] Full of venom ; poisonous. 
Zit. and fig. 

@ 1420 Hoccieve De Reg. Princ.(1860) 4018 Her rede and 
counceile is envenymous. 1475 Caxton ¥ason 137 Alway 
machining a right envenymous will. 1597 R. JoHNSoN Seven 
Champions 11.(N.), [The dragon] stroake with her invenom- 
ous wings. 1624 Hrywoop Gunaik. 1. 41 She cast an in- 
venomous confection into the fountaine. 

Enverdure : see Ey- pref! 1 b. 

+ Enve'rmeil, v. Oss. Also 4 envermail. 
[ad. OF. enxvermeiller, £. en (see EN-1) + vermetl, 
vermetlle vermilion-coloured: see WVERMEIL.] 
trans. To tinge as with vermilion ; to give a ruddy 
colour to. Hence Envermeiled /f/. a., rcseate, 


[? Lype.] Ball. our Ladie in Chaucer's Wks. (1561) 
eccxxix b, Uinarie enuermailed, refresher of our blood. 
1625-6 Mitton Death Fair Infant 1 ‘Vhat lovely dye That 
did thy cheek envermeil. 1822 Brenpors Bride’s Tragedy 
1V, ili, How blushes open their envermeiled leaves On her 
fair features. - 

Enveron, enverroun, obs. ff. Environ. 

+ Enve'rsed, f//. a. Obs. rare, [ad. OF. 
enversé, pa. pple. of exverser to overturn.] In- 
verted. 

@ 1648 Lv, HerBert Poems (1881) 5 
vers’d Pyramis. 

+E-nvesure. Obs. rare—'. [a. OF. enveisure, 
f. envetster to divert. Cf. Exvoisizs.] Game, play. 

c1300 A. Adis. 5543 Hy lowghen and maden enuesure 
[printed ennesure]. 

Envest, obs. form of Invest. 

Envey, obs. form of INVEIGH. 

Enviable (e‘nviab’l), a. [f. Exvy v. + -aBLe.] 
That is to be envied. 

1602 Carew Cornwall (J.), An enviable mediocrity of for- 
tune. 1779 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 278 My situation is any- 
thing rather than enviable. 1812G. CuaLmers Dow. Econ. 
Gt. Brit. 293 The foe never sets his foot on this enviable 
island. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 3 William was, at 
this time one of the most enviable of human beings. 1860 
TynvaLi Glac. 1, § 27. 196 Unlike the enviable ostrich, I 
cannot shut my eyes to danger when it is near. 

Hence E-nviableness, vare, the quality or con- 
dition of being enviable. E-nviably ad/v., in an 
enviable manner or degree. 

1833 Ht. Martineau Charmed Sea iii. 36 The enviable- 
ness of her calm state of feeling. 1823 J. Bavcock Dom. 
Amusem. 140 That enviably brilliant covering. 1855 Ma- 
cAULAY fist. Eng. 1V. 380 There was scarcely in all Europe 
a residence more enviably situated. 

Envidious, obs. form of Invipious. 

Envied (e‘nvid), #A/. a. [f. Envy v. + -ED1.] 
That is the object of envy. 

1631 T. May tr. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes 1. 187 Hee 
himselfe was glad to haue himselfe saluted. .by noe high or 
envied names, but sometimes plaine William. 1667 Mitton 
P, L. 1. 244 Ourenvied Sovran. 1750 Gray Elegy 24 No chil- 
dren..climb his knees the envied kiss to share. 1815 Scrid- 
bleomania 59 The envied honours of Parnassus. a 1859 
Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 199 Grandees who had the envied 
privilege of going in coaches and four through the streets. 

absol. 1685 Gracian’s Courtier’s Orac. 151 Enviers 
die as often as they hear the praises of the Envied revive. 
c1800 K, Wuite Le?t. (1837) 263 Yet it often happens that 
the condition of the envier is happier than that of the envied. 
1886 Burton Arad. Nes. 1. 107 It would besit thee to pardon 
me even as the Envied pardoned the Envier. 

Envier (e‘nvie1). Also 6 enviour, 6-7 en- 
vyer. [f. Envy v.+-ER! (earlier -ouR.).] One 
who envies. 

1509 Barciay Shyf of Folys (1874) I. 8 Gluttons, wasters, 
enuiours, enchantours. 1555 EpEN Decades W. Ind. 1%. 
(Arb.) 175 These malycious enuyers of other mens trauayles. 
1606 Bacon in Four C. Eng. Lett. 40 You are great, and 
therefore have the more enviers. 1630-88 tr. Camden's 
Hist. Eliz. w. 603 He was presently censured as an envier 
of the Earl’s honour. _a@ 1762 Lapy M. W. Montacue Lez. 
Mrs. Hewet xcii. 152 Never bride had fewer enviers, the. . 
man is so..detestable. 1841 D’Israrit Ammen. Lit. (1867) 
316 Its opulence was an object it could not conceal from its 
enviers. 1874 Motiey Barneveld II. xv. 180 The enviers 
of our peace and tranquillity. . an 

Envigor, var. Invicour v. Obs. to invigorate. 

+Envined, #//.a. Obs. rare—'. In 4 en- 
vyned. [ad. Fr. enxviné, f. ex (see En-1)+ vin 
wine.] Stored with wine. 

¢ 1386 CHaucer Prol. 342 A bettre envyned man was no- 


Her Waist’s an en- 


wher noon. 
Envineyard: see En- pref.l 2. 
Enviour, obs. form of Exvizr. 


ENVIOUS. 


Envious (e‘nvias), 2. Forms: 4-6 envyous(e, 
5 -ose, (4 enviose, -vios, -vius, -vyus, -wius, 
5 enviyus, -vyows, #/. envyeusis), 4— envious. 
Also 5 invyowse. [a. AF. envious, OF. envieus, 
-vius (mod.F. ieux) = Pr. envej ios, Cat. 
envejos, Pg. invejoso, Sp. di 
L. invidiosus, f. invidia Exvy.] 

1. Full of envy, affected or actuated by envy ; 
vexed or discontented at the good fortune or quali- 
ties of another. Const. + against, + at, of, t to with 
sb. or if 

1300 Cursor M. 27658 (Cott.) Pe enuius man ai lufes he 
leste Pam pat he wate er moste honeste. 1386 CHaucer 
Man of Lawes T. 267 O Sathan envyous. a1450 Kxt. de 
la Tour (1868) 53 There be other that be envious to see 
other in gutted thannethey. 1526 Pilgr. Pref. (W. 
de W. 1531) 78 And.. the enuyous man, for to do a dis- 

leasure to hisennemy, wyll suffre rebuke and blame. 16rx 
Ihace Prov. xxiv. 19 Neither be thou enuious at the wicked. 

1636 Ariana 328 They thought it envious against their re- 
, to have shed so much as a teare for them. 1 
Daven Virg. Past. vii. 37 f he blast my Muse with envi- 
ous Praise. 1842 Lytton Zanoni 28 Our good Loredano is 
envious of my diamond. 1872 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 108 
Envious scribes in his life-time taunted him with avarice. 
absol. a 1300 Cursor M. 27706 (Cott.) Forpi sais Senec on 
pe envius, Guine, etc. 1340 Ayenxb, 28 Vor be more pet be 
guodes byep greate, be more zor3ep be enuious. 1816 Byron 
Monody Death Sheridan, The envious who but breathe in 
others’ pain. 1846 Ruskin Mod. Paint, 1. Pref. (ed. 2) 14 
The envious, because they like not the sound of a living 
man’s praise. ~ : 

+2. Full of ill-will ; malicious, spiteful. Ods. 

“Still current diad. in Suffolk’ (F. Hall). 
¢ 1330 R. Brunne (1810) 180 Grete scathe..Com tille Kyng 
R. for pat envios sawe. c 1430 Lypc. Chorle & Byrde (1818) 
12 Hit maketh accorde betwene folk envyous. 1579 LyLy 
Euphues (Arb.) 40 Who more envious than Tymon Dacanc: 
ing all humaine societie, 1673 Penn Chr. ese iv. 531 
Envious Displeasure against an Harmless Suffering People. 
41713 Ettwoop A utobiog. (1765) 384 Printed by one of his 
Party with very envious Reflections upon it. 

+3. Full of emulation; emulous. Const. of. 

a1300 Floriz & Bl. 356 For he is supe couetus And at 
sigicnins enuius. a1450 Ant. de la Tour(1868) 150 Thei 

envyeusis whiche shalle goo furst up on the offerande. 
1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 318 Be enuious of the 
best gifts. 182x Keats Lamia 217 Lycius Charioting fore- 
most in the envious race. — A E 

+4. Grudging, parsimonious, sparing, exces- 
sively careful. Ods. 

1580 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 368 Beautie was no niggard of 
hir slippes in this gardein, and very enuious to other grounds. 
fe Jer. Taytor (W.), No men are so envious of their 

ealth. 

+5. Calculated to excite ill-will; invidious; 
odious. Ods, 

1635 R.N. tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. (ed. 3) 1. go Which sect 
began presently to be knowne by the envious name of Puri- 
tans. 1640 Br. Hatt Efisc. Ep. Ded. 5 Hath put my pen 
upon this envious, but necessarie taske. 

+ 6. That is or may be an object of envy ; enviable. 

1590 SPENSER F, g 1. iv. 39 He to him lept, and that 
same envious gage Of victors glory from him snatcht away. 
1651 Relig. Wotton. 69 A wiotioes Lareest, - which could not 
but have made an envious addition. 1665 Pepys Diary 
8 Dec. (ed. Bright) III. 327 So envious a place. 

7. Comb., as envious-hearted. 

1873 L. Wattace Fair God u, vii. 128 Time was when no 
envious-hearted knave could have made him believe, etc. 

Enviously (e'nviasli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly¥2.] 
In an envious manner. 

ta. In a spirit of emulation or rivalry. Obs. 

b. Maliciously, spitefully, grudgingly. 

¢1350 Will, Palerne 1129 Burnes he sent Enuiously to 
pemperour & egged him swibe Bi a certayne day bataile 
to a-bide. ¢c1430 Lypc. Story Thebes in Chaucer's Wks. 
(1561) ccclxxv b, They on Greekes enuiously gan to shout. 
1 Fisuer 7 Penit. Ps. xxxviii. u. Wks. 86 All they. .enuy- 
ously haue conspyred the deth of a symple persone. 1602 
Suaxs. Ham.1v.v.6 She. .beats her heart, Spurnes enuiously 
at Strawes. 1639 Futter Holy Warn. vili. (1840) 130 The 
cross enviously concealed by the Turks. 1664 H. More 
Myst. Inigq. iii.7 Those Doctrines of Devils, which they en- 
viously and insultingly entangled poor mankind withall. 

Enviousness (e'nvissnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being envious. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ut, 227 Nor will with en- 


fon of his Fortune. 
Turner Baths 1b, For the Physici 
send the sik folk .. unto these bai 


1628 Witner Brit. 
Rememb. i. 941 A spightfull enviousnesse.  # Sir A. 
Cockayne tr. Cassandra 1, 62 Courtiers, who, forcing the 
enviousnesse of their nature, lookt upon his fortune with joy 
and applause. 

+ E-nviousty. Obs, rare—'. [f. as prec. + -TY.] 
= ENVIOUSNESS. 

1382 Wycur Lcclus, xxvi. 6 The dyu n [v.” envy+ 
ouste] of the cite, and the gederyng togidere of the puple. 

+ Envi-re, v. Olds. Also ?4 envere, 6 envoyre. 
[s. OF. envire-r (occuring in sense ‘to turn round’) 
. en (see En-1)+virer to VEER.]=ENVIRON v. 
So 5 doubtful whether the first quot, belongs 

ere. 

(241400 Morte Arth. 1694 Myne armez are of ancestrye 
enueryde with lordez). rh voc. MS. Soc. Antig. 134 
(Halliw,) Of the Holy Gost rounde aboute envirid. x5 
Brapsnaw St. Werburge (1848) 137 The sayd abbay Enuired 
with walles myghty to assay. 4830 Lp. Berners Arth. 
dee. Prt. (1814) 252 Enuoyred with greate and depe dyches 


as 


230 


mare Obs. in sing. In 4 envyroun, 
-own. [a. O .sing. environ (subsequently amod.F. 
pl. environs), f. the ady.: see Envinon adv.] 

+1. In sing. Compass, circuit. Only in 
phrases By, in environ, by environ of ;=F. a en- 
viron (de). 

Bs chase ph ny xxiii. 17 The feeld..as wel it as the 
spelunk and alle the trees of it, in alle the termes of it bi 
enuyroun. — £x, vii. 24 Alle the Egipciens deluyden bi 
enuyroun of the floode. — Mark vi. 6 And he wente 
aboute castelis in enuyrown, techinge. 

2. In mod. Eng. 7/7. Environs (envai‘ronz, 
enviranz). The outskirts, surrounding districts, 
of a town. 

Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1. 419 The pestilence still in- 
creasing in London and its Environs. 1750 Cuesterr. Lett, 
III. cexxix. 43 When you go to Genoa, pray observe care- 
fully all the exvirons of it. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) V. 
1808 The environs of Hudson’s Bay. 1831 Sir J. Sinciair 
Corr. 11. 184 The neighbourhood of Brock is quite enchant- 


ing .. with its painted houses .. and delightful environs. 
1847-8 H. Mitter First fave. xix. (1857) 331 Without 
having once seen the sun shine on the city or its en- 


virons. ‘ 
b. ¢ransf. in sing. rare—'. Surrounding. 

1823 Byron Let, Ld. Blessington 14 Apr., The peccant 
part and its immediate environ are .. black, : 

Environ (envai‘ren), v. Forms: a. 4-5 en- 
viroun, -vyroun, (4-5 enverom, -on), 4-7 en- 
vyron, (4 envyrown, -weron, 5 enverroun, 
-wyroun, 5-6 environne), 4- environ. 8. 6 
invyroun, -veron, (6-7 invi(e)orn), 6-8 inviron. 
[a. F. environ-ner (in AF. ¢ 1300), f. environ 
round about : see ENVIRON adv.] 

1. trans. Of things: To form a ring round, sur- 
round, encircle. Also fig. of circumstances or 
conditions, esp. (with notion of 2 b) of dangers, 
troubles, etc. 

c 1400 Maunpev. v. (1839) 45 This Ryvere. a 
all Ethiop. cup Lypvc. Compl. Bl. Knut. xii, The bankys 
rounde, the welle environyng. +: in Athenzum (1870) 
6 Aug. 181 All invieorned on the South parte with a freshe 
water ryver. 1631 GouGeE God's Arrows 1. xii. 208 Ilands 
environed by the sea, with good shippings. 1670-98 Lassets 
Voy. Italy u. 21 The circle of white coarbie pavement which 
environeth the altar of St. Peter. 168r Cotvit Whigs Supplic. 
(1751) 24 A cowl lin’d with iron, Which did his temples so 
inviron. 1720 WELTON Su Son of God I. vi. eres 
ing Flames..Environ and surround me. 1816 W. Hottar 
Holbein's Dance of Death A great cloister, environ- 
ning a plot of ground. 1872 Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes 
(1879) 24 A quiet and fertile spot, environed by green 
meadows. 

Jig. 1382 Wycur Ecclus. li. 5 Manye tribulaciouns that 
enuyrouneden me. a@ 50 Alexander 4632 Mekill vari- 
aunce of vertus enveronis oure saules, 1563 Foxe A. & M. 
III. 297 Hypocrisie, errogancy, and obstinate security en- 
viron me. 1 T. Wricut Pass. v. § 4. 191 A number of 
sound and substantiall reasons .. environ the question pro- 
posed on every side. 1663 BuTLer Hud.1. iii.1 What Perils 
do inviron The Man that meddles with cold Iron! 1686 
ig Emp. China into W. Tartary in Misc. Cur. (1708) 
IIf. 199 All the Marks of Grandure, with which he was 
1851 D. Mitcnett Fresh 
or painful cir ances 


inviorned at the Court at Pekin. 
Gleanings 106 Whatever pl 
may environ me. 

+b. To include, take in (a certain space). Ods. 

1570-6 LamBarve Peraméd. Kent (1826) 166 The ruines of 
which building ..do environne almost ten acres of grounde. 
1613 Purcuas Pilgr. (1864) 18 The whole Monarchie en 
uironeth nine hundred leagues. : 

e. To surround, encircle, encompass wth any- 
thing. Also fg. ogee | ogee 

1382 Wycur Luke xix. 43 Thin enemyes schulen enuy- 
roune thee with pale. c1400 Maunpev. xxvii. (1839) 278 
And alle envyround with ston of Jaspre. 1 ct 26 
Henry VIII, c. 12 A Parke, walled and enuyronned with 
brycke and stone, 1§90 Sir J. Smytn Disc. Weapons 13 
Where..they may environ themselves with water on everie 
side. 1THGOW 7rav. 1. 67 Peloponnesus .. is all in- 


1658 


Anson Voy. . xii. 261 The harbour is invironed 
sides .. with high mountains. 1864 Bourret. Heraldry 
Hist. & Pop, xxiv. (ed. 3) The Royal Shield of England 
environed with the fleurs de lys of France. 
Sig. ‘Tranerne Chr, Ethics 384 The holy soul of a 
uiet man is .. invironed with its own repose. 1794 Mrs. 
Rancusse Myst, Udolpha xvi, Were environed with de- 
lights both from nature and art. 1847 J. Witson Chr. 
‘orth (1857) 1. 422 Our boyhood was environed with the 
beautiful. 3 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) IL. iii. 81 That 
enthusiasm in himself which would environ with wonder, 
2. Of persons ; To form a ring round, stand round, 
throng; to be in attendance upon; to be stationed 
round, as guards. Also, To surround + of, with 
(persons). s 
1382 Wycuir Zech. ix. 8 And y shal enuyroune myn hous 


of these that holden k: leto me, 1393 Gower Conf. 
III. 253 There — Pe ig me ES environed — 
women. 1490 N bg e enuyronne hym 
rounde aboute ye le men of armes. LynpEsay 
Monarche 5569 The llis of the Ordoris Nyne Inueron 
sall that throne Diuyne. 1598 Yonc Diana 94 Enui 
rounde about with a troupe of N 1670 


tian was environed with a world of invisible beings. 


b. To surround with hostile intention; to be- | 


ENVIRONING. 


set; to (a city, fortress, etc.). 
= beleaguer ; Also, 

Barsour Bruce x1. All vith fayi: 
Tacmadr ple To savant alle ag 


ae rks ( They haui 
Geiss inukconsd au Eieice Hus 
(1806) IV, lix. 459 Colonel 
with two regi 

3. To surround on all sides, envelop, enclose. 
Now chiefly of the atmosphere, light, etc. + For- 
merly also, to wrap up, clothe ; to screen or con- 
ceal from. 

Li Pilgr. Sowle 1. iti. (1483) 4 The Cen f the 
sithetrat epalot lau aan =yr0 
pce ela y. 
the 
ee ane 


Leg. 237/1 He sawe an auncient man .. en- 


uyronned in a w ~ IV. 
xxv. Hhj, One = inuironeth his 
nee 1607 Dexker Hist. Sir 7. Wyatt Wks. (1873) III. 
88 Thus like a Nun .. Liue 1 i in a house 


stone. 

Leax Waterwks. 3 The Pestle .. well invironed with 

leather. 1699 Pomrrer Reason 155 "Tis now environ'd from 

our 1846 Lanpor Hellenics Wks. (1868) II. 482 

Gravely-gladsome light environed them. 1860 TynpALL 

Glac. 1. § 11. 73 We were environed by an atmosphere of 
perfect purity. 

+4. To describe a circle or make a circuit round ; 
to go round in a circle. Obs. 

1340 Hampo.e Pr. Consc. 7608 And pe heven pe erth 
envirouns. ¢ 1400 MauNDEV. (1839) xvii. 132 Men may en- 
virowne all the Erthe of alle the World, as well undre as 
aboven a turnen a3en to hi ——, 1483 Caxton Gold. 
Leg. 34/2 By envyronyng or goyng aboute the aultre. 1570-6 
Lamparve Peramb, Kent (1862) 311, I will begin at the 
North east corner .. m thence environ the whole 
Bishopricke. 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. cxliiii. 617 The Lu- 
minaries [being] in angles not environed of 

+b. To travel about (a country, etc.). Ods. 

1382 Wyciir 1 7m. v. 13 Thei ydel lernen for to enuy- 
rowne housis. ¢z400 Maunpvev. (Roxb.) Pref.1 It lyked 
him..to enuirun pat land with his blissed fete. c1400 
Rom. Rose 7019 We enviroune bothe londe and se. 

Envi‘ron, adv. and prep. Obs. Forms: a. 


4-6 enviroun(e, 4-5 envyron, 6 enveron, 5- 


environ. §. 4 in viroun, 6 invirone, 7 in- 
viron. a. Fr. environ, f. en in+ OF. *viron 
circuit, related to virer to VEER. Cf. Pr. en viro 


of same meaning. 
A. adv. Round about ; in the neighbourhood. 
1375 Wycir Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 311 In viroun_ and 
wibinne pei weren ful of igen. ¢1385 Cuaucer L. G.W, 
Prol. And with that word, a compas enviroun 
sitten hem ful softely adoun. 1436 Pol. Poems I1. (1859) 
157 Exhortynge alle Englande to kepe the see enviroun. 
3 Douctas Aineis xu. v. 4 And with large clamour 


x 
| fillis inveroun Thair myndis all. 1519 Four Elements Inter- 
lude in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 6 Which illumine the world 
environ. 1600 Farrrax Tasso u. Ixxx. 35 Lord Godfreyes 


eie three times enuiron goes. 
B. prep. Round, about. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 76 The Serpent. . Went environ the 
shelle aboute. c 1400 Rom. Rose pel He ladde me..Alle 
enviroun the vergere. c 1450 Meriin vii. 113 Somme seide 
that thei wolde ley siege environ the baile. 

En (envoi'renédz). vare. [f, En- 
VIRON + -AGE.] The assemblage of surrounding 
objects or circumstances ; Bao i i 

New Monthly Mag. + 320 e Se 5 est 

ioe in the eavirentge of the party. 1838 /éid. LILI. 
122 which is dered ind by the 
of its environage. J 

Environal (envoi'renal), a. rare. [f. ENvinon 
+ ae | (See quot.) 5 

1888 Guiuick in Linn. Soc. Frnt. XX. 222 Environal Se- 

ation is ion arising from the relations in which 


org to the 
3 Envi-roned, #//. a. Her. [f. Exvimonv. + -ED1,] 
Of a : Set round with other objects, as a 
head with a wreath, a lion with bezants, etc. 

in actual Eng. use. In Chambers only as 
transl. Fr. exvironné as a term of French heraldry. 
1727-51 in CHamBers — 1847 in Craic. {1864 See En- 
vIRON v1.) In mod. Dicts. 

En mee’, adv. and prep. Obs. rare. [app. 
the writer’s blunder for N, after Fr. ex- 
vironné pa. pple.; see Environ v.] Round 
about. 

Partenay Figured knightis juironee. 
Ihidt/50 Thre how the castell Seatronse taba] went, 
2717. 
+Envi'roner. Ods. [f. Exvmoy v.+-rR 1] 
One who, or that which, environs or surrounds. 
1 Doiisrs BE. hah 20%, Sha See =» SPS 
of les, environer of I 
En’ (envai‘renin), vbl, sb. [f. En- 
vrroN v.+-ING!,] The action of the verb En- 


viron, Also concr. That which environs or sur- 
é tte < Al pe envyronynge of 
expetitonteetuk ben cui ofa eke a ropa of pe 
gretnesse of id. v. iv. 165 But pe eye of i. 
agency ips So tne set ke 
I are made by the Seine and the. 


ENVIRONING. 
Environing (caveireni), ppl. a. [f. Exviron 


2, +-ING2, environs, surrounds, enyelops. 
wes-ape6 VELYN Mem. (1819) I. 136 Full of sweet shrubbs 
hedges. 


in the invironing 1832 Downes Lett, Cont, 
C . é 1 Pea ike 


ies 1.72 B of g 4 hed from the en- 
vironing heights. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vu. ii. § 4. 
113 London .. loses at least two out of three sunrises, 
owing to the environing smoke, 

Environment (envoironmént). [f. Environ 
v.+-MENT. Cf. OF. environnement.] 

1. The action of environing ; the state of being 
environed. (With quot. cf. ENVIRON z. 4.) 

1603 HoLLanD Plutarch’s Mor. 1009, 1 wot not what cir- 

plexions and environ orig. mepredetoers). 

2. concer. That which environs; the objects or 
the region surrounding anything. 

1830 CarLyLE in For, Rev. § Cont. Miscel?. v. 34 Baireuth, 
with its kind picturesque environment. 1831 CARLYLE Sav?. 
Res. u. i. (1871) 56 The whole habitation and environment 
looked ever trim and gay. 1872 Biackir Lays Highd. 
Introd. 37 The environment of this loch put me in mind 
of Grasmere. 1867 FroupE Short Stud. (1883) 1V. § 2. i. 166 
The flame .. burnt hot in my own immediate environment. 

Jig. 1862 Suirtey Nuge Crit. 278 What is poetic in the 
story is disengaged from its casual environment. 1870 M. 
Conway Earthw. Piigr. xxv. 300 Every belief has an en- 
vironment of related beliefs. i 

b. esp. The conditions under which any person 
or thing lives or is developed; the sum-total of 
influences which modify and determine the de- 
velopment of life or character. 

1827 CarLyLe Misc., Goethe (1869) 192 In such an element 
with such an environment of circumstances. 1855 H. Spencer 
Princ. Psychol, (1872) 1. m1. iii. 301 The division of the en- 
vironment into two halves, soil and air. 1874 Sipcwick 
Meth. Ethics v. 167 The organism is continually adapted to 
itsenvironment. 188: Romanes in Fort. Rev. Dec. 740 En- 
vironment—or the sum total of the external conditions of life. 

Hence Envi‘ronme:ntal a., of or pertaining to 
environments. 

1887 Athenzum 7 May 611/3 The external or environ- 
mental explanation of evolution. 
+ Envitronry. 0s. 

ENVIRONMENT. 

1600 TourNEuR 7vansf. Met. (1878) Prol. 28 The azure- 
colour’d skie, Is now transform’d to hel’s environrie. /did. 
xxi. 142 Did make her temples’ rich environrie. 

Environs: see Environ sé. 

+ Envi'rtue, v. Ovs. Also 6 envertue. [a. 
OF, (s)envertue-r, senvirtue-r, f. en (see En-!) 
+ vertu virtue; cf. sesvertuer, mod. s’évertuer.] 

1. veft. To exert one’s strength ; to strive. 

1475 CAXTON ¥ason 31 He envertued hym selfe defending. 
1480 — Ovid's Met. x. viii, Ypomenes envirtued & enforced 
hym So moche in th’ end that he passed her. c 1500 AZelu- 
sine 200 The kyng of Anssay .. envertued hym self strong, 
and made with his handes grete vasselage. 

2. trans. To endue with virtue. 

1692 O. WaLkeR Hist, Jilustr. 67 A little cake..which 
they put into the Serpents mouth, to sanctifie and envirtue 
it for the recovery of the sick. 

Envisage (envi-zédz), v. [a. Fr. envisage-r, 
f. en- (see En-1) + visage VisacE, face.] 

1. trans. To look in the face of; fig. to face 
(danger, etc.) ; to look straight at. 

1820 Keats Hyperion. 204 To envisage circumstance, all 
calm, That is the top of sovereignty. 1823 New Monthly 
Mag.V11. 328 Envisaging his fate With regal valour. 1879 G. 
Merepitn £goist II. v. 98 Must I recognize the bitter truth? 
..I have envisaged it. ; 

2. To obtain a mental view of, set before the 
mind’s eye; to contemplate; chzefly, to view or 
regard under a particular aspect. 

1837 Herscuet in Babbage Bridgew. Treat. App. i. 246 
Envisaging the case algebraically. 1837 Jerrotp in New 
Monthly Mag. L\. 317 We could not perfectly envisage the 
atrocity. 1845-6 Trencn Huls, Lect. Ser. 1. vi. 238 Men 
continually envisaged the highest benefits which their souls 
could attain. 1853 De Morcan in Graves Life Sir W. R. 
Hamilton ut. (1889) 443 If he [Argand] really pido 20 the 
logarithmic property of the angles, he madea most decisive 
step. 1855 Zss. /ntuit. Morais 16 In whatever way we en- 
visaged the moral attributes of God. 

b. Philos. To perceive by intuition. 

1860 Manse Prolegom. Log. iv. 116 note, I have availed 
myself of the term envisage, as the best English equivalent 
that has yet been proposed to the German azschauen. 
18.. MeCosu (Ogilv.), From the very dawn of existence the 
infant must envisage self, and body acting on self. 

8. Of an object: To present itself under a par- 
ticular aspect. rare. 

1884 Pall Mail G. 10 Oct. 5/1 The New England summer 
as it envisaged itself to the eyes of Thoreau. 

Hence Envi‘sagement, the action of presenting 
(an object) to one’s own consciousness, Envi'- 
saging v%/. sb., the action of the vb. ENVISAGE. 


[f. Environ + -ry.]= 


1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant u. viii. 365 This imaginative 
envisagement of the categories. 31883 W. Smarr Disciple 


Plato 37 It is the envisaging of the one idea. 

+ Envi've, v. Ods. [f. En-1+Fr. vif, vio-e s— 
L. viv-us alive.] trans. To enliven, quicken. 

1523 Sketton Gari. Laurel 872 To envyve Pandarus’ 
appetyte. a1528 — Magny/.1 ys A fayre maystresse that 
quyckly is envyved with rudyes of the rose. 

Enviyus, obs. form of Envious. 

+ Envoisies, a. Obs. rave—1, [a. OF. envoisié 
(nom, sing. and pl. -ez, -es), f. envoisier, enveisier 
to divert; see ENvEsURE.] Gay, lively, 


231 


¢1450 Merlin vi. 106 To hem that we[re] Ioly and en- 
uoisies [J7inted ennoisies] he yaf the Iuwellis. 

Envoke, obs. form of INVoKE. 

+ Envo'lde, v. Obs. rare. [a. OF. envoldre :~ 
L. tnvolvére to INVOLVE.] = INVOLVE. 

1451 Paston Lett. No. 140 I, 185, I dar not envolde me 
in the same. 

+Envolume (envg'livm), v. Ols. In 7 in- 
volum. [f. En-1 + Votumr.] a. To form into 
a volume ; to write at length. b. To incorporate 
with a volume. 

1632 Lirncow Trav. 1. 8, I could inuolume, as large a 
discourse, vpon this heart-grieuing proiect, as, etc, 1864 
in WessTER } and in mod. Dicts. 

Envolupe(n, obs. form of ENVELOPE v. 

Envolve : see Invotve. 

+Envo'mish, v. Os. In 5 envomyssh. 
[Corruptly a. Fr. esvomdss- lengthened stem of 
esvomir, f. es- (:—L. ex) out +vomdr to vomit.] 
intr. To vomit. 

1480 Caxton Ovia’s Met. x1. viii, Cylenus..so moche 
dranke of the wyn, that he went casting & envomysshynge. 

Envoy (e'nvoi), sd.1 In sense 1 also 4-7 en- 
voye, 9 envoi, and (with prefixed Fr. article) 6-7 
VPenvoy(e, 9 arch. Venvoi, -voy. [a. OF. en- 
voy(e (mod. ezvoz), n. of action f. OF. envorier 
(mod. exvoyer) to send, f. phrase ez vore on the 
way; cf. Sp. exviar, It. zxvzare.] Sending forth, 

1. The action of sending forth a poem; hence, 
the concluding part of a poetical or prose com- 
position ; the author’s parting words ; a dedication, 
postscript. Now chiefly the short stanza which 
concludes a poem written in certain archaic metri- 
cal forms. arch, 

¢ 1398 Cuaucer (¢7t/e), Th’ enuoye of Fortune. 1485 
Caxton Chas. Gt. 250 Thenuoye of thauctour. 1508 BARCLAY 
Shyp of Folys (1874) u. 230 Thenuoy. 1576 Tursery. (title), 
Tragical Tales .. with the Argument and L’Envoye to ech 
Tale. 161rx CotGr., Exvoy .. th’ Enuoy, or conclusion ofa 
Ballet, or Sonnet. 1640 B. Jonson Underwoods, Misc. 
Poems \x, Another answers, ’las! those silks are none, In 
smiling envoy, 1823 S7ssondi’s Lit. Eur. (1846) 1. vi. 173 
The songs are usually in seven stanzas, followed by an envoy, 
which he callsa tornada. 1823 New Monthly Mag. V11. 194 
The last chapter .. the moral and envoy ofthe whole. 1880 
Huerrer Macm. Mag. No. 253. 49 There are .. six lines to 
a stanza and six stanzas to a poem, not counting the tornada 
or envoi of three lines, 

+b. transf. The conclusion of a play; also, a 
catastrophe, dénouement. Ods. 

1609 B. Jonson Sz/, Wom. v. i, I have given the bride 
her instructions to breake in upon him in the l’envoy. 1636 
Massincer Bashful Lover v.1, Long since I look’d for this 
lenvoy. 

2. The action of dispatching a messenger or 
parcel ; hence, a mission, errand (arch.). Letter 
of envoy (rare), transl. Fr. Jettre d’envoz, a letter 
advising dispatch of goods. 

1795 SOUTHEY Foan of Arc v. 496 Nor did I feel so press- 
ing the hard hand Of want in Orleans, ere he parted thence 
On perilous envoy. 1872 in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. X11. 322 
A letter of envoi was received. 

Envoy (e‘nvoi), 53.2 Forms: (7 envoyé, -ée), 
envoy(e, 7— envoy. [app. an alteration (in the 
latter part of 17th c.) of Fr. exvoyé (pa. pple. of 
envoyer to send), which had previously been 
adopted unchanged.] 

1. A public minister sent by one sovereign or 
government to another for the transaction of diplo- 
matic business. Now applied esf. to diplomatic 
ministers of the second rank (‘ministers plenipoten- 
tiary’) as distinguished from those of the highest 
rank (‘ambassadors’), and those of the third rank 
(‘chargés d’affaires ’), 

‘The term envoy extraordinary, formerly denoting a mi- 
nister charged with a special or temporary mission, is now 
merely the fuller designation of the ‘envoy’ in the narrower 
sense. =minister plenipotentiary. 

[1660 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1.359 The Envoyée of the king 
of Poland. 1664 Marvett Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 172 He 
hathe taken care to supply it in the meantime by his Extra- 
ordinary Envoyé, 1691 Rycaurin Gent?. Mag. May (1786) 
396/1 To treat the Turkish envoyées so ill, as, etc.] 1666 
Perrys Diary 11 July, A galliott .. that is going to carry 
the Savoy Envoye [? »eant for envoyé€] over, 2667 Brus 
Mem. (1857) I. 31 To the audience of a Russian Envoy in 
the Queen’s_ presence-chamber. 1710 in Lond. Gaz. No. 
4688/1 The Earl of Stair, her Britannick Majesty’s Envoy- 
hospi § to King Augustus. 1716 Lapy M.W. Mon- 
tacuE Le?t. I. vi. 18 Madame. .the wife of our king’s envoy 
from Hanover. 1 


Moore View Soc, Fr. 11, 175, 
I have been introduce 1 


to all of them by Mr. Harris, 

Majesty’s envoy extraordinary. 1803 Med. ¥rnl. IX. 4534 
correspondence which I have begun, by means of the British 
Envoy. 1860 Mottey Wetheri. (1868) I. i. 3 Sir Edward 
Stafford, English envoy in Paris, 1875 H. Reeve in Excyci. 
Brit. (ed. 9) 1. 657 Diplomatic envoys are of three ranks .. 
x. Ambassadors .. 2, Envoys extraordinary or ministers 
lenipotentiary, accredited to sovereigns .. 3. Chargés d’af- 
aires. 

2. In wider sense: An agent, commissioner, de- 
puty, messenger, representative. 

‘ogy eae Dido Poems (1668) x aes Envoyé through 
the Air Brings dismal tydings.] 1 ‘ATE & Brapy Ps. cvi. 
16 God’s Envoy Moses they 


oppose. 1712 BLACKMORE 
Creation v1, 678 Where (sc. in the brain] t 


eir Report the 


ENVY. 


Vital Envoys make. 1820 Irvinc Sketch Bk. 1. 99 Men.. 
have been envoys from England to ransack the poles, 1859 
Tuackeray Virgin. vi. 48 The intrepid young envoy made his 
way from Williamsburg almost to the shores of Lake Erie. 

3. attrib. 

a@1711 Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 1.487 An Envoy- 
Star, whose Ray Shou’d shew the world where Jesus lay. 

Hf aired v. Obs. [ad. Fr. envoy-er to send.] 
a. To send. b. To write as an ‘envoy’ or con- 
cluding stanza. 

1481 Caxton Myrr.t. v.24 A new lignage was enioyed 
[?vead enuoyed] from heuen on hygh. 1g08 Barcray Shyp 
Folys (1874) II. 230 Alas what may I vnto you nowe enuoy. 

Envoyship (e‘nvoijfip). [f. Envoy sd. +-surp.] 
The office, position, or function of an envoy. 

1736 H. Coventry Philemon to Hydaspes iii. (T.), Cain 
paid all due reverence to this lunar envoyship. 1817-8 
Cospett Resid. U.S. (1822) 217 The jai ha es may 
easily add a legation of mendicity to their Envoyships and 
Consulships. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIV. 812 You remember 
Marston ,. at Brunswick, in his envoyship. 

Envy (envi), sé. Forms: 3-7 envie, envye, 
(4 envi, enevi, envy3e, enwie, 5 inwy(e, 4-6 
invy), 3- envy. [a. F. exvze, corresp. to Pr, 
enveta, Cat. enveja, Pg. znveja, Sp. envidia, It. 
invidia:—L,. invidia, f. invid-us envious, related 
to ¢zvidére to look maliciously upon, to envy, f. 
7 upon + vidére to see.] 

+1. Malignant or hostile feeling; ill-will, ma- 
lice, enmity. Ods, 

@ 1300 Cursor AI. 15389 Of all venime and eneui ful 
kindeld vp he ras. ¢ 1300 Sey ¥ulian 88 Ich [Belial] made 
poru a lutel enuye pat on sle pat oder. c 1400 Vwvaine & 
Gaw, 3522 So grete envy... bitwix tham twa was than, 
¢ 1430 Syx Gener, 5266 ‘To him he had so grete envie. 
1526 SKELTON Magny/. 1989 Full fewe but they have envy 
atme. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. iv. i. 10 No lawful meanes 
can carrie me Out of enuies reach. 1611 Biste Mark xv. 
10 For hee knew that the chiefe Priests had deliuered him 
for enuie. 1640 Queen of Arragon u. i. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XIII. 355 Misfortune brings Sorrow enough; ’tis envy to 
ourselves T’augment it by prediction. 1707 E. Warp Hud. 
Rediv. (1715) 11, ix, In Naseby-Fields both Armies met, 
Their Envy, like their Numbers, great. 

+b. Unwillingness, reluctance. Ods. rave. 

1557 Nortn tr. Guenara’s Diall of Princes 185 b/1 For 
speaking the truth : the man which hath enuy to seme olde 
doth delite to liue in the lightnes of youth. 

+e. Odium, unpopularity, opprobrium ; used 
to translate L. zuvedia. Obs. 

1598 GRENEWEY Jacitus’ Anu. 1.x. (1622) 19 As well the 
fact, as the enuie of it, should light vpon their owne necks. 
1622 Bacon /enry VII, 100 This Taxe (called Benevolence) 
was deuised by Edward the Fourth, for which hee sustained 
much Enuie. 1651 Fudler’s Abel Rediv., Calvin (1867) I. 
327 This accident procured great envy unto Calvin from all 

laces. 1679 Burnet //7st, Ref. 1.11. 62 He had the Legates 

etween him and the Envy or Odium of it. 

+ 2. Active evil, harm, mischief. Ods. 

ME. exuj(e may perh. sometimes represent Ennoy, ANNoy. 

a 1400 Chester Pi. (Shaks. Soc.) 199 Envye doe by no 
woman, To doe her shame by nighte nor daie. c¢ 1400 Aol. 
Loll. 26 Discese & oper enuyes. c 1460 Battle O1terbourne 
in Percy Relig. 46 Yf thou hast haryed all Bamborowe 
shyre, Thou hast done me grete envye. 

3. The feeling of mortification and ill-will occa- 
sioned by the contemplation of superior advantages 
possessed by another. Const. + at, of, + to, + apon 
(persons), at, of (things). Phrases, ¢o feel (+ have) 
envy. 

c 1280 Fall §& Passion in E. E. P. (1862) 13 To him pe 
deuil had envie, bat he in his stid schold be bro3te. a@ 1300 
Cursor M. 27694 (Cott.) He pat by caus of enuy werrayes 
anober wrangwisly. @ 1340 Hampote Psalter ii. 10 Enuye 
couaitis, iolifte & ober vices. c 1386 CHaucer Kvt’s. 7. 
49 Have ye so gret envye Of myn honour? 1393 Lancet. P. 
Pl. C, xxut. 246 Hauep non enuye To lerede ne to lewide. 
a 1440 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 23 Envy..es joye 
of oper mens harme and sorowe of ober mens welefare. 1475 
Caxton Fason 77 Zethephius began to haue enuy vpon the 
king appollo. 1540 Hyrpe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. 
(1592) Xj, It is much more shame to have envy at other for 
mony, clothings, or possessions. 1588 A. Kine tr. Cavisius’ 
Catech, 143 Invy at our brothers charitie. 160r SHaks. 
Ful. C. Vv. v. 70 All the Conspirators saue only hee, Did 
that they did, in enuy of great Cesar. 1611 Bite 77ans/. 
Pref. 2 Enuie striketh most spitefully at the fairest. 1684 
Winstancey in Shaks. C. Praise 400 Honour is always at- 
tended on by Envy. 1737 Wuiston Josephus’ Antig. 1. 
xviii. § 2 He was fngena .. by his envy at him. 1836 
H. Suir 7in Trumpet (1876) 145 Envy—punishing our- 
selves for being inferior to our neighbours. 1875 JowETT 
Plato (ed. 2) V. 75 Let every man contend in the race 
without envy. 

+b. In the phrase o envy, i.e. to such a point 
as to excite envy; to the heart’s content; to ad- 
miration ; to perfection. Ods. Cf. 5. 

Perh. suggested by Fr. @ Z’env?, emulously, which is of 
different etymology. Cf. Envy v.?, to which the first quot. 
may belong. ¢ 

¢ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 173 They had good leyser 
for to route To envye, who might slepe beste. 1650-3 tr. 
Hales’ Dissert. de Pace in Phenix (1 708) II. 370 That Con- 
templation, happy even to mag awaits us in the Heavens. 
1668 Perys Diary 10 Mar., Captain Cocke ..told me.. 
that the Solicitor General do commend me, even to envy. 

e. fl. Instances of envy ; envious feelings, jeal- 
ousies ; rivalries. 

1622 Bacon Hen. VIJ, 239 Little Enuies or Emulations 
upon Forraine Princes, 1 Dryven Ess. Dram. Poesy 
OG), The little envies of them [women] to one another. 1888 


ENVY. 
Poor Nellie 26 Whilst..our statesmen inflame the mean 
envies of classes. 


a. concr. The object of envy. 

1836 Lp, Lyrton Duchess m. ii, Duchess la Vallitre.. The 
envy of the beauty and the birth Of Europe’s court. 

4. Without notion of malevolence: +a. Desire 
to equal another in achievement or excellence ; 
emulation. Ods. rare. 

1541 Exyor /m Gov. (549) 129 His advancement 
shall ingender in noble men an honest enuie. 1606-35 Forp 
(Webster), Such as cleanliness and decency Prompt to a 
virtuous envy. — 

b. A longing for the advantages enjoyed by 
another person. : 

1723 Pore Lett. (1737) ve My innocent envies and 
wishes of your state. fod. Your success excites my envy. 
+5. Wish, desire, longing; enthusiasm. Oés, 
Cf. Fr. envie. tein: peas Bd bout 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 2240 (Trin.) ‘oles. . wip.greet envye 
pis Bor bigon. c 1430 Sy 77yam. 341 They rode forthe 
with grete envy To seke aftur the quene. 1481 Caxton 
Myrr.1.v. 19 And had enuye at none other thinge, but only 
for to lerne suche science. 1607 TorseLt Four. Beasts 
(1673) 261 Uncivilized men do participate, in their conditions, 
the iebours and envie of brute beasts. 

6. Comb. 

1817 Coreripce Biog. Lit. 26 He must be envy-mad. 
31871 Patcrave Lyr. Poems 135 Judges with envy-dim eye. 

¢ In the following quots. ezuy is prob. a mere 
misprint for exemy. Cf. ENVYTE. 

c 1430 Lyna. Bochas 1. ix. (1544) 16 b, Y¢ great sodein fall 
Of mighty Jabin for his iniquitie Which unto Jewes was enuy 
[ed. 1 enmy] full mortall. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour 
E ij, The enuy or deuylle. 1579 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 189 
Greater is thy credit in susteining wrong, then thy enuyes 
in committing injury. 

Envy envi), v. Forms: 4-7 envie(n, envye, 
(5invye), 4- envy. [ad. Fr. exvter, corresp. to Pr. 
envetar, Cat. envejar, Pg. invejar, Sp. envidiar, It. 
tnvidiare:—med.L. invidiare, f. L. invidia ENVY sé. 
The older accentuation (envai’) survived into the 
17th c. and is still common dialectally, esp. in Sc.] 

1. trans. To feel displeasure and ill-will at the 

Acide P : ‘ 
superiority of (another person) in happiness, suc- 
cess, reputation, or the possession of anything 
desirable; to regard with discontent another's 
possession of (some superior advantage which one 
would like to have for oneself). Also in less 
unfavourable sense: To wish oneself on a level 
with (another) in happiness or in the possession 
of something desirable ; to wish oneself possessed 
of (something which another has). 

a. with obj. a thing; + (rarely) with obj. clause. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 142, I nyl nat enuye no vir- 
ginitee. 1393 Gower Con/. I. 254 Every worship is envied. 
1595 W. C[LarkE] in Shaks. C. Praise 15 Let other coun- 
tries (sweet Cambridge) envie. .thy petrarch, divine Spenser, 
1600 SHaxs. A. Y. LZ. 11. ii. 78, 1..owe no man hate, enuie 
no mans happinesse. c 1632 Poem in Athenzum No. 2883. 
121/3 Eolus such monstrous wracks envyes. 1696 WHISTON 
Th. Earth w. (1722) 368 We have but too much reason to 
envy the Ancient Happiness of our Forefathers. 1728 T. 
SHERIDAN Perstus iii. (1739) 49 Do not envy that the wealthy 
Lawyer increases his Stores beyond you by Knavery and 
Oppression. 1857 Ruskin Pol. Egon. Art 4 A power not in- 
deed to be envied, because it seldom makes us happy. 

b. with obj. a person. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 115 Thou shalt. . mollifye 
his herte that enuyeth the. 1 . Heyrwoop Prov. & 
Epigr. (1867) 26 Better be enuied than pitied, folke sey. 
1613 Suaxs. /fen, V///, u. ii. 125 They will not sticke to 
say, you enuide him. 174z Mippteton Cicero II. x. 458, 
I envy him for walking, and as with you. 1841-4 
Emerson £&ss, viii. Heroism Wks. (Bohn) I. 110 Who does 
not envy those who have seen safely to an end their manful 
endeavour? 1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. § 34 We may be 
envied, but shall not be praised, for having been allowed, etc. 

¢e. with double obj., person and thing. 

1797 Mrs. Rapctirre /tadian xii, I at Cap friend those 
tears. 1807 Craspe Par. Reg. 1. 554 ! much I envy 
thee thy boys. : 

+2. To feel a grudge against (a person) ; to re- 
gard (a person or an action) with dislike or dis- 
approval. Ods. 

1557 Nort tr. Guenara's Diall Pr. 105 b/2, 1 knowe well, 
Faustine, that for that I haue sayed..thou and others suche 
lyke, shall greatlye enuye me. 1577 Nortusrooke Dicing 
1843) 163 Bicause you are aged, nowe are not able to 
loe as other yong men and women do, and this maketh 
to enuy it so much. r602 Warner Ad. Eng., Epit. 389 

uch was this distraction of Regalitie from Richard the 
second, enuied by those of his Line and Affinitie. 1630 R, 
Jounson Kingd. § Commw. 553 ‘The Grand Seignior doth 
much envie him [Emir of Sidon] for —o Floren- 
tines to harbour and water within his Port of Tyrus. 

+b. ?To injure; cf. Envy sd. 2. Obs. rare. 

1621 Frercuer Pilgrim u. i, If I make a lie To gain your 
love, and envy my best mistress, Pin me against a wall. 

+3. trans. To grudge, give reluctantly, refuse 


to give (a thing) ¢o (a person); to begrudge (a 
thing) ; to treat (a person) grudgingly. Also adso/. 
1575-85 Anp. Sanpys Serm. (1841) 217 hath not envied 
us: he oweth us nothing, but giveth us much. 1590 
Spenser F. Q. m1. v. 50 But that sweet Cordiall .. She 
to him envy, _ 1616 Surri. & Marku. Country Farm 83 
The dung of Peacockes is verie soueraigne against the 
diseases of the eyes..but the Peacock so much enuieth the 
3 of man, that he eateth his owne dung. 1667 Mitton 
. L. vit, 494 Thou has fulfill’d Thy words, Creator boun- 
teous. .nor enviest. /é/d.1v. 517 Why should thir Lord envi 


| challenge, INviTE. 


1693 Se 
Jonson, who. by studying Horace, had been 
to envy to that know- 
Jae I er a to 


ne re 
e our own Advantage of that not 
i Lancuorne Plutarch Il. 
S7ee senda pearageheheteik. 
b, With clause as obj. : To grudge ¢hat (some- 
thing should take place). Ods. 


shoulde haue his owne prayse and fat e 
ere shou! new 


+4. intr. To have envious, grudging, or male- 
volent feelings, Sometimes with the occasion of 
the feeling expressed by inf. 70 envy at = senses 
1-3. Obs. 

1477 Eart Rivers Dictes 52 To be envied at of mightier 
men then he is. 1549 CoverpaLe Erasm. Par. Gal. iv. 30 
Whose libertie they enuye at. 1595 SHaks. Yohn m1. iv. 73 
But now I enuie at their libertie. 1649 Mitton Zikon. 30 
The king envying to see the Peoples love devolv’d on 
another object. 1656 CowLey Pindaric Odes, Life & Fame 
(1687) ii, Oh Life! that epicures envy to hear! 1658 J. 
Cores Cleopatra vu. 271 Those to whom this fortune is 
denied have so much cause to envie at it, etc. a1677 
Barrow Sevm. (1810) Il. 227 Envying at those who have 
more worldly advantages. axzoo Drypen Pal. & Arc. iii, 
En 4 to behold The Names of others, not their own 
inroll’d. 

+b. To be jealous for another. Obs. rare—. 

1382 Wycuir Numb. xi. 29 What, he seith, enuyest thow 
for me [Vulg. zmularis pro me). 

+tEnvy:v.2 [a. OF. envier:—L. invitdre to 
Cf. the aphetic form VIE. 

The identity in form and close resemblance in sense 


| between this and prec. render it prob. that the two words 


were confused even in the earliest use; the examples in 
Z 


16-17th c. may perh. belong to Envy v.'] 
a. intr. To vie, contend for mastery. b. trans. 

To vie with, seek to rival. ; 

¢ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 406 As thogh the erthe 
enuye wolde To be gayer than the heuen. 1384 — 
H. Fame ut. 141 For that she wolde envien, lo, To pypen 
bet than Appollo. 1 Hawes Past. Pleas. xiv. xvi. 
(1845) 56 My mayster Lydgate I wyll not envy. 1590 
Spenser F, Q.1. ii. 17 Each others equall puissance enuies. 
1621 Firetcuer /sland Princ. 1. ii, h tree As if it en- 
vied the old Paradise. 

Envy, obs. var. of INVEIGH v. 

1611 Scrater Aey 367 With what earnestness of affection 
envies hee [St. Paul] against those that, etc. 


+ Emnvyful, a. Chiefly Sc. Ods. [f. Envy sd. 
+-FUL.] Full of envy, malice, or spite. Const. of. 

1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 183 The enuyful sturrer and 
suggestoure. 1549 co Scot. vii. (1872) 71 Aduerse for- 
toune hes bene inuyful contrar my veil fayr. 1 Js 
ME vvittDiary1g4 Close the snouthenel iavyfell aclas erers, 
a 1651 Catperwoop //ist. Kirk (1843) Il. 353 Their latent 
adversareis, invyfull of their place and vocatioun, 

Envying (envijin), vd/. sd. [f. Envy v.1+ 
-ING1.] The action of the verb Envy; concr. in 
pl. jealousies, ete. 

1586 J. Hooxer /reland Ep. Ded. in Holinshed Chron., 
You .. haue through so much enuiengs.. perseuered in 
your attempts. 1611 Biste 2 Cor, xii. 20 Debates, enuy- 
ings, wraths, strifes. — Rom. xiii. 13 Let us walke..not 
in strife and enuying. 1658 Whole Duty Man xiii. § 25. 103 
This envying at God's goodness to others, is in effect a 
murmuring against God. 1864 Mrs. Gatry Parad. Nature 
Ser. iv. 23 What could put comparisons, and envyings into 
their heads ? 

Envying (envijin), s4/.a. [f. Envy v. +-1NG2.] 
That envies. 

1382 Wycuir /sa. xxvi. 11 The enuyende puples. 

ence E-ynvyingly adv. 

1861 Romance Dull Life xli. 300 She noticed envyingly 
the force of mild and intelligent silence. 

+ E-nvyless, a. Ods. rare—'. 
-LESS,] Without envy, not expo 
envy. In quot. quasi-adv. 

@ 1628 R. Brooke ame & Honour \xiv, In Honour they 
should envilesse excell. 

(Envyte, 7 a misprint for exmyte, ENMury. 
Cf. Envy sd, 4]. 

¢ 1430°Lypc. Story Thebes 1. K iiij, They on Grek 
enuyously gan shoute And of despyte, and grete enuyte 
hem foles, gone home to her contre. 1480 Caxton Chron. 
Eng. mm. (1520) 25/2 Antigonus broder unto the k: was 
slayne thrugh the envyte of the quene, a 1569 Sgr. Low 
Degree 392 in Hazl. £. P. P. I. 38 For yf it may be founde 
in thee, thou them (de)fame for f tae 

Envyous, -ows, -us, obs, ff. Envious. 

Envyron, var. of Environ adv. Obs. 

Enwall, inwall (en-, inw9'l), v. [f. En-, Iy- 
+ Wat.) ¢rans. a. To enclose wi a wall ; 
also transf. and fig. b. To serve as a wall to. 
wiht Sxetton Garl. Laurel (Dyce) A felde.. En- 

aboute with the stony flint. "TESS PEMBROKE 
Ps. Ixxviii, Hi wayes an uncouth way enwall. 1596 
Spenser State /rel. Wks. (1862) 543/2 They would bee al 
with little to in-wall themselves ly. 1601 Daniet 
Epistles Wks. (1717) 356 In-wall’d within a living Tomb. 
= Sreep England omer 8 The eg [was] bodes ig A 

Langton. see En- pref! ra). ‘ornh. Mag. 
Jan. 43 London was inwalled in the year A.D. 


f. Envy sb. + 
or liable to 


Enwaste: see En- pref. 


the margin pearl did play, enwaved were with 
hastie sway. ELTHAM 2. s 1. xxvii. ot Learn- 
ing is like a river. .1t inwaves itself in the unfathom’d 

: see En- pref.l 


+ Enwea'lthy,v. Oss. Also in-. [f. Ex-1+ 
Weautuy.] ¢rans. To make wealthy ;= Enricu. 

1593 Drayton Ec/og. v, Where of herself she ’xacts such 
usury, That she’s else needy by inwealthying this. 
Zefleria vi. in Arb. Garner V. 68, 1 then cubeahihiy Ter 
exchequer. 

Enweave, enwoven: see Iv-. 


Enwed : see Ey- Et. a 
+ Enwhee'l, v. Os. rave. Also 7 in-. [f. Ex-1 

+ WHEEL sb.) trans. To encircle, surround. 

1604 Suaks. O7¢f, 11. i. 87 The of Heauen. .Enwheele 
thee round. 1621 Fietcner Pilgrim, ii, Heaven's grace 
in-wheele ye. 1766-2800 in Battey; and in mod, Dicts, 

Enwiden: see Ey- pref. 3. 

Enwind, inwind (en-, inwoind), v. [f. Ey-1 
+ WIND v.] trans. To wind itself around (some- 
thing); to surround as with windings or coils. 
Also, to make into a coil. Zt, and fig. 

1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems I. 245 A sound, a sense of 
music. .Softly, finely, it inwound me. ey ig pat: ln 
Mem. xcviii, Let her great Danube rolling fair Enwind her 
isles, unmark’d of me. 1859 — Guinevere 598 The moon 
vapour rolling round the king..Enwound him fold by f 
1876 SwinsurNnE Evechth. 806 With what blossomless flower- 

e of sea-foam and blood-coloured folioge Iwona 1877 
M. ArnotpFragm. Anti Poems II. 40 bond Original, 


| deep-inwound, Of blood. 


ence Enwi'nding vé/. sd. 

1598 Fiorio, Falde..a folding, an ipod = a plaiting 
of a garment. 1697 View Penal Laws 257 Neither he or 
any other shall make any Inwinding within the Fleece. 

wine : see En- pref.) 2. 

Enwisen, Enwoman: see En- gref-) 3 and 2. 

Enwomb (enwim), v. Also 7-8 inwomb(e. 
[f. Ex-1+ Woms.] 

1. trans. To cause to bear in the womb; to 


make pregnant. Also fig. 
1590 | iii F. Q. 11. i. 50 Me then he left enwombed of 
this childe. 1633 P. Fretcner Pw: Isl. x. xxxvii, Her 


daintie breasts..may seem to sight To be enwombed both of 


pleasure and delight. 

2. To hold or to place in the womb. ? Ods. 

1601 Suaks. A//’s Well 1. iii. 150, I am your mother, And 
put you in the Catalogue of those were enwombed 
mine. a@1625 Boys W7 os ) 144 Mary did inwombe the 
Father of Mercies. 1647 H. More Song of Sond m. App. li, 
Him whose chaste soul enwombd in Virgi etc. @1z1t 
Ken Hymns Evang. Wks. 1721 I, inwomb’d, 

3. transf. a. “fo contain as in the womb ; in 
quots. fig. b. To plunge zo, bury 77, the womb 
or toe of (something) ; to enclose, shut up as 
in the womb. 

a1g9t Spenser Ruins of Rome 67 Her great spirite re- 
joyned to the spirite Of thir great masse, is ini tha odees 
enwombed. a Boys Wks. (1630) 10 The heaven of 
heavens cannot contain him [God], much lesse any 


braine inwombe him. a 1631 Donne Funeral Elegies (R.), 
The Affrique Niger streame enwombs Itselfe into the earth. 
1 P. (pte Elisa xxx, Why is he living, then, in 
eart! 


at ie Browninc Sordedlo v. 418, I en- 


womb Some iedrich with his red-hot tomb. 
res, Becoretg i IL (2 Oo Enea er 
i iss Mutock Romant. 
7 ‘The dull dead metals that enwombed 


wood, -worthy. t 
Enwrap, inwrap (en-, inre-p), v. [f. En-}, 
In- + Wrap v.] . 

1. trans. To wrap, envelop, enfold i or with 
(a garment, case, or covering, coils or folds of 
anything); also, with the thing enveloping as 
subject. “t. and fg. + In early use also: To fold 
up (a garment). 

a. 3382 wees x. 8 A tree..with siluer enwrappid. 
3548 est Pr. Masse 71 To enwrap. 1572 

rmorie 1. 95 b, Twoo res trees .. with Ivy 
ered end ter eva” TOE Wea ies Teena 
wra) rol ls 
Eee nite eats ot eee 

ND . 
is ge A. Snare Anat. Horse w. 


725-6 Pore 
R.¢ = male bog ta He § 82 The women 
. Cuannter 7vav, Asia M. (1825) 1. re 


pi stamens, fd 
3 382 | ings 8 Helyas tooke his mantyl 


Pi 1382 heen on, t 
in 
mana pies po inwrappe. 1555 Even Decades W. /nd. 


ENWRAPPING. 


tr. 1x. (Arb.) 132 When shee seeth her younge chekyn in- 
wrap in towe or flaxe. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. 
xxii. § 6 How they [the affections] are enwrapped one within 
another. a 1661 Futter Worthies, Wiltshire i. 165 His 
Armes ., three Children-heads .. Inwrapped about their 
necks, with as many Snakes Proper. 1750 G. Hucurs Bar- 
bados 253 Inwrapped in sometimes ten or eleven green 
husky leaves. 

- b. transf. To wrap, enfold closely in a sur- 
rounding medium, e.g. clouds, darkness, vapour. 
Of the medium: To envelop. Also fig. 

a. 1545 Upatt Erasm. Par. Luke (1548) xxiii. 806 En- 
wrapping his minde and sentence in the mistical darknesse 
of parables, 1563 SackvitLE Mirr. Mag. Induct. 5 The 
mantels rent, wherein enwrapped been The gladsome groves. 
1640 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. 1. (1660) 38 Neither can it ever 
see more then half the World at once; darkness the while 
enwraps the other. 1768-74 Tucker Z¢. Nat. (1852) II. 
415 The fiery meteor, enwrapt in clouds and darkness, 1848 
Mitter First Jmpr. xi. (1857) 172 It stands half enwrapped 
in tall wood. a@1849 Por £. B. Browning Wks. 1864 III. 
403 A mystical something or nothing enwrapped in a fog 
of rhapsody. 

B. sapere Spenser F. Q. (J.), Arachne. .Spread her subtil 
net, Inwrapped in foul smoak. 1668 Howe A/ess. Righteous 
(1825) 53 And inwraps it in the blackness of darkness for 
ever. 1878 G. Macponatp Phantastes III. xxii. 161 In- 
wrapt me like an odorous vapour. 

e. Const. from. 

a@ 1849 Por Valentine Poems (1859) 57 Her own sweet 
name that nestling lies upon the page, enwrapped from every 
reader, 1883 T. Harpy in Loxgm. Mag. July 254 The inevit- 
able glooms of a straitened hard-working life occasionally 
enwrap him from such pleasures as he has. 

2. jig. a. To contain implicitly, involve. 

1642 Observ. on his Mayesty’s Answ. to Decl. Parl. 13 
Whether this or that Doctrine enwraps the greatest Danger. 
1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl, 619 The benefits enwrapped in 
this salvation for the Church. 1882 Pop. Science Monthly 
XXII. 148 Anact which inwraps so much ofirreparable loss. 

b. To‘ wrap’ inslumber, trance, etc. ; to absorb 
or engross in contemplation, thought, etc. 

In some applications of this sense the pa, pple. is liable 
to be confused with Enrapt, q. v. 

a. 1600 Fairrax Tasso xiv. xvii, Enwrapt in fond desire. 
r6or Suaxs. wel. N. 1v. iii. 3 Though ’tis wonder that 
enwraps me thus, Yet ’tis not madnesse. 1629 MILTON 
Nativity 134 If such holy song Enwrap our fancy long. 

B. 1589 GREENE Arcadia (1616) 41 His trance, wherein the 
present wonder had inwrapt him. 1641 Miton CA, Discif. 
11. (1851) 68, I doe now feele my selfe inwrapt on the sodaine 
into those mazes and Labyrinths of dreadfull and hideous 
thoughts. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz 176/2 Too much in- 
wrapped in the contemplation of his happiness. _ 

+e. To involve, implicate, entangle (in danger, 
guilt, suffering); to involve in a common fate 
with another. Obs. 

a, 1382 WycuF 1 Sam. xv. 6 Departith fro Amalech, lest 
perauenture I enwrappe thee with hem. 1617 Cottins Def 
Bp. Ely 1. i. 74 We should feare to be enwrapped in his 
danger. 1636 SANDERSON Sev. II. 47 And from enwrap- 

ing himself within the guilt of their transgressions. 1826 
E Irvine Babylon II. vi. 133 That day of wrath. . fearfully 
enwrappeth them all in the horrors of its last hour. 

. 1863-87 Foxe A. § JM. (1596) 97/1. They inwrapped 
themselues in..miserie and desolation. 1635 N. R. tr. Cam- 
den’s Hist. Eliz. wv. 178 His confession..inwrapped many. 
1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 147 The first Adam.. 

lunged himself into all unrighteousness, and so inwrapped 

Bimanif in the curse. 

Hence Enwra‘pped, -wra‘pt ///. a. 

1598 Cuapman //iad 1. 313 To heaven the thick fumes 
bore Enwrapped savours. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xxiii. 
§ 33 Somewhat viscous and inwrapped, and not easy to turn. 
@ 1638 Meve Ws. 1. xliv. 250 When the inwrapped Pro- 
mises were unfolded and revealed. 1868 Sedden’s Table-t. 
(Arb.) Introd. 9 Their inwrapped principles may be under- 
stood in their nature. | 5 : ; 

Enwrapping, inwrapping (en-, inre"pin), 
vbl. sb, [f. prec. +-ING1.] The action of the verb 
Enwrap. Also concr.a fold, Zit. and fig. 

1543 TRAHERON Vigo's Chirurg. 1. x. 10 The third and 
laste of the smal guttes .. hathe many involutions and in- 
wrappynges, 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. 62 Darke 
by reason of many doutefull enwrappyngs. 1, Maret 
Gr. Forest 34 It [Bindweede] .. troubleth them with the in- 
wrapping and circumplication about y’ other their stem or 
stalk. 1619 W. Sctater Lxfos. 1 Thess. (1630) 22 In re- 
spect of their promiscuous enwrapping in common calami- 
ties. 1840 ArNotp in Stanley Life & Corr, (1844) II. App. 
420 Their [the Apennines’] infinite beauty of outline, and 
the endless enwrappings of their combes. ; . 

a eae or inwrapping (en-, inrzpin), 
ppl. a. [f. Exwrap v.+-1nc2.] That enwraps; 
enclosing ; enveloping. 

18s0 Browninc Christm. Eve & Easter Day 243 See the 
enwrapping rocky niche. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. 
x. § 84 (1875) 258 Radiation from the enwrapping cloud. 

+Enwra‘pment, inwra‘pment. Ods. rare. 

[f Enwrap v.+-MENT.] The action of enwrap- 
ping; the state of being enwrapped. Also concer. 
a menpping, covering. 

1753 SHUCKFoRD Creation 203 They wreathed together a 
foliature of the fig-tree, and made themselves enwrapments. 
1798 Month. Mag. V1. 552 The inwrapment in surplices of 

inen. 

Enwreathe, inwreathe (en-, int7‘5). Also 
7 inwreath. [f. En-1 + WReEaTHE v.] ¢rans. 
+a. To wrap or envelop 77 (obs.). b. To wreathe, 
intertwine wth. ec. To surround as with a wreath ; 
to encircle as a wreath does. /’¢. and fig. 

1620 SHELTON Quix. II. xiv. (R.), Enwreathed in a sail 
and thrown into the sea, 1630 BratHwait Eng. Gentil. 87 


Vou. ITI. 


233 


Such plants:as they [the endive or misselto] inwreath. 1667 
Mitton ?. L. 11, 361 With these that never fade the Spirits 
Elect Bind thir resplendent locks inwreath’d with beams. 
1730 THomson Autumn 937 Nor less the palm of peace 
enwreathes thy brow. 1791 Mrs. Rapcurre Rom. Forest 
ii, The lofty battlements, thickly enwreathed with ivy. 
1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 47, 1 gaze upon her beauty 
Through the tresses that enwreathe it. 1853 G. JoHNSTON 
Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 1. 75 Groups of thorn, hazel and sloe, 
enwreathed with honeysuckle. 1859 Gro, Etior A. Bede 
7o It was not at alla distressed blush, for it was inwreathed 
with smiles and dimples. vn Browninc Pheidippides 49 
Oak and olive and bay,—I bid you cease to enwreathe 
Brows made bold by your leaf! 

Hence Enwrea‘thed //. a. 

1631 Bratuwarr Whimzies, Gamester 42 Walking .. with 
. an enwreathed arm like a dispassionate lover. 1820 Krats 
Hyperion 1. 219 Bowers of fragrant and enwreathed light. 

mwrite, Enwrong: see EN- pref. 3. 

Enwrought: see INwRouGHT. 

Eny, obs. variant of Any. 

Enykynnes, variant of ANyKyns, Ods. 

1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. 11. 200 Fettereth fast falsenesse for 
enykynnes 3iftes. 

Enymy, obs. form of ENEmy. 

#7 Barsour Bruce vi. 80 Magre all his enymyss, ete. 

myoke : see En- pref! 3. 

Enys, variant of Exes adv. Obs. once. 

Enyyn-, enyntysch, var. ff. ANIENTISHY. Obs. 

Enzone: see En- pref 1 a. 

Enzootic (enzop'tik), a. and sd. [f. Gr. év in 
+ (gov animal + -1c, on the analogy of chaotic, 
hypnotic, etc. Cf. Fr. enzootigue.] 

A. adj. ‘ Applied to diseases of cattle peculiar 
to a district, climate, or season, in the same 
manner as “demic is employed to indicate those 
of human beings’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

B. sé. An enzootic disease. 

1880 77mes 15 Sept. 7/6 Fortified by a knowledge of en- 
demics and enzootics in other regions. 1882 G, FLEMING 
Vivisection in 19th Cent. No. 61. 472 The disease [anthrax] 
is enzdotic in the half-submerged valleys . . of Catalonia. 

O. A game of chance, in which the appro- 
priation of the stakes is determined by the falling 
of a ball into one of several niches marked E or 
O respectively. Also attrzb. 

1780 Coventry Pompey Lit. 1. xv. (1785) 36/2 For the sake 
of playing at E O, 1827 Hone Lvery-Day Bk. 11. 112 The 
profits gained by EO Tables, Rouge et Noir, etc. 

Eo-, /7cfix, employed as combining form of 
Gr. 7)@s dawn, in scientific terms of recent origin, 
chiefly Geol. and Palxont. First used in Eocene, 
with the sense ‘characterized by the “dawn” or 
faintly recognizable beginnings of’ (the recent 
fauna and flora); subsequently, with similar no- 
tion, in Eophytic (Zjofi'tik), a. [+ Gr. purdv plant 
+-1C], characterized by the earliest appearance of 
plant-life. Eozoie (Zozowik), a. [+ Gr. (Gov 
animal], characterized by the earliest appearance 
of animal life; said of the Laurentian strata and 
the period represented by them. Also in mod.L. 
names of fossil genera, believed to be the earliest 
representatives of types still existing, as Eohippus 
(Zhi pds) [+ Gr. inmos horse], the oldest known 
genus of the horse family. Eopteris (7\p'ptéris) 
[+Gr. rrepis fern], a genus including the oldest 
known fern, Eosaurus (7)0s9'ris), the oldest 
known genus of saurians. Eozoon (7,0z0¥gn) [+ 
Gr. (Gov animal], a supposed genus of foraminifers 
or rhizopods, at one time regarded as the earliest 
known animal; its alleged remains are now be- 
lieved to be of inorganic origin; hence Eozo-onal 
a@., pertaining to the eozoon. 

1879 Le Conte Elem, Geol. 504*Eohippus..a small animal 
no bigger than a fox, having three toes on the hind foot and 
four perfect ones on the fore foot. 1880 Hux.ey in 7imes 
25 Dec. 4/1, I do not see .. any reason to doubt that the 
eocene equidz were preceded by mesozoic forms, which dif- 
fered from eohippus in the same way as eohippus differs 
from equus. 1880 Dawson Earth § Man ii. 32 An *Eophy- 
tic period preceding the Eozoic. 1879 Le Conte Elem. 
Geol. 404 Unless we except the *Eosaurus, these are the 
first true reptiles found. 1873 Dawson Earth & Man ii. 18 
*Eozoic or those [rocks] that afford the traces of the earliest 
known living beings. 187x Hunt in Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
Scz. 53 Subsequently to the eozoic times, silicated rocks. .are 
comparatively rare. 1872 Darwin Orig. Spec. x. 287 The 
existence of the *Eozoon in the Laurentian formation of 
Canada is generally admitted. 1879 Le Conte Elem. Geol. 
275 A-section of an *Eozoénal mass. 1881 R. ErHeripGE 
in ¥rnl. Geol. Soc. XX XVIII. 54 The prevalent limestones, 
Eozoonal or otherwise. 

Eoan (7,0wan),a. [f. L. 2-us, a. Gr. 4Gos, f. 
h@-s dawn+-AN.] Of or pertaining to the dawn; 
eastern. 

a1822 SHEeLLey’ Liberty xv, The morning-star Beckons 
the Sun from the Eoan wave. 1827 Sir H. Taytor Com. 
nenus iii, 5 (D.) The Mithra of the middle world, That 
sheds Eoan radiance on the West. 3 

Eocene (7‘dsin), a. Geol. [f. Gr. ja-s dawn 
(see Eo-).+ «avés new, recent.] 

1. The epithet applied to the lowest division of 
the Tertiary strata, and to the geological period 


which they represent. 


1833 Lyett Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) 111. 54 The period next an- 


EPACRID. 


tecedent we shall call Eocene. 1851 RicHARDSON Geol. vii. 
174 The eocene group is characterised by a total absence 
of cycadez. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 214 The Eocene rocks 
once spread over the whole surface of this chalk. 

fig. 1856 Darwin Let. 17 June (1887) 11.73 His Geology 
also is rather eocene as I told him. 1864 dlowace Fire- 
side Trav. 103 These eocene periods of the day are not 
fitted for sustaining the human forms of life. 1870 Daily 
Tel, 22 Sept., Its deep roots shot back into the eocene strata 
of civilisation. 

2. quasi-sd, 


1851 RicHaRDSON Geol. xi.370, 1. Upper Eocene. 2. Mid- 


dle Eocene. 3. Lower Eocene. 
Jig. 1877 Brackmore Evenza II, xxxvi. 221 The calm 


deep eocene of British rural mind. 

Kode, ME. and OE. pa. t. of Go. 

Hofen, obs. form of HEAVEN. 

Hoile, obs. form of OIL. 

Holi, variant of Exx, oil, Ods. 

Eolian, Holic, Eolipyle, var. ff. AZouray, etc. 

Kom, obs. form of am: see BE v. 

Kom, variant of Emr, Ods. uncle. 

Eon, variant form of Aion. 

+EHont. [OE. evz.] A giant. 

a1000 Ruin (Gr.) 2 Brosnad enta zeweorc. cx175 Lamé. 
Hon. 93 Eontas wolden areran .. anne stepel. 

Eorl, obs. and Hist. form of Eart. 

Horne, var. of Earn adv. Obs. earnestly. 

Kornen, variant of RINNEN: see Run. 

Eornest, obs. form of EARNEST. 

Horre, var. f. IRE sé. and a. Ods., anger, angry. 

Eosin (7dsin). Chem. [f. Gr. qws the morning 
red, the dawn +-1n.] Ared dye-stuff produced by 
the addition of bromine to a solution of fluorescin 
in glacial acetic acid. Its potassium salt, known 
in commerce as ‘soluble eosin’ or ‘ eosin’, is used 
as a rose-coloured dye. Also attrib. 

1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 866 The addition of some 
coloring agent, such as iodine or eosine, is of assistance in 
searching for them. 1879 Watts Dict. Chem., Eosin. 1885 
Atheneum 27 June 827/3 Coal-tar colours, especially eosine 
reds, have been employed in the artificial flower manufacture. 

Kotand, -end, var. of Eten, Ods, giant. 

-eous, suffix, occurring in adjs., is chiefly f. L. 
-e-us+-0US. The Eng. words with this suffix are 
for the most part practically mere adaptations of 
L. adjs. in -ezs, the senses of which they generally 
retain. While, however, the L. adjs. in -ews f. 
sbs. denoting material substances have usually the 
sense ‘composed of’, as well as the sense ‘of the 
nature of, resembling’, their Eng. derivatives in 
-cous express the latter meaning only: compare, 
e. g. argenteous, ligneous, vitreous, with the corre- 
sponding words in Latin. In a very few cases 
(e.g. agueous) Eng. adjs. in -eors have been formed 
directly on L. sbs. The L. ending -evs also 
occurs as part of a complex suffix, as in the words 
in -dceus (see -ACEOUS) and -dneus (cf. consen- 
taneous, instantaneous). 

2. In dbeauteous, bounteous, duteous, plenteous, 
the ending -eows arises from the addition of the 
suffix -ovs to -¢e, earlier form of -Ty ; but in the 
older words of this formation -/eous replaces an 
earlier -/2vous, f. Fr. -¢2f+-0US; e.g. bounteous 
was originally dountévous, f. Fr. bontef, f. bonté: 
see Bounty. 

3. In a few instances -eows is an analogical de- 
formation of other suffixes, as in s%ghteouws (for 
rightwise), courteous, for ME. certe’s a. OF r. cur- 
teds (-e7s :—L. -énsen). 

Eovese, obs. form of EAvEs. 

Eow, obs. form of YEW. 

Eow, -er, etc., obs. forms of You, Your, etc. 

Eowberge, obs. form of YEWBERRY. 

+Eowde. Ods. [OE. éowde:—OTeut. type 
*awidjo(m, f. *awi-s, OE. down Ewr. Cf. OHG. 
ewit, Goth. awépz of same meaning, but different 
formation.] A flock of sheep. 

a1o00 Andreas 1669 Ne scealt pu pet eowde anforle- 
tan. ¢ 1000 “fi Ps. \xxviii. 14 We bin folc werun and fele 


sceap eowdes pines. a@x1r73 Cott. Hom. 245 3if he hit ban 
3emet, he hit berd an his eaxlun to bara eowde oder falde. 


Eozoic, Hozoon, etc.: see Eo- pref. 

Ep-, vefix, in words a. or ad, Gr., or f. Gr. 
elements, represents é1-, shortened form of ert 
before a vowel: see EPt-. 

Epacrid (epz'krid). Bot. [ad. mod.L. epacrid- 
em, {, Gr. éwi + dxpis summit ; so called by Forster 
(1776) because ‘the plants of this genus are gene- 
rally found on mountain-tops’ (Forster, Charac- 
teres Generum Plant. 10). In sense b. f. mod.L. 
Epacrid-ex.] 

a. A plant of the genus Zfacris. b. A plant 
of the N.O. Zpacridex, of which this is the typical 
genus ; the order consists of corollifloral dicotyle- 
dons, growing in Australia and the Indian Archi- 
pelago, which resemble the heaths of other countries. 


1881 Biackmore Christowell i, Choice geraniums lived 
here, and roses, heaths and epacrids. 50 


EPACT. 


Epact (7‘pekt, epekt). [ad. Fr. epacte, L. 
epacta, Gr, émaxrh, f, émaxrés, vbl, adj. of émaryew 
to intercalate, f. émi on + @yew to bring.] 

1, a, (Also pl. efacts.) The number of days that 
constitutes the excess of the solar over the lunar 
year of 12 months. b, The number of days in 
the age of the moon on the first day of the P igal 
(now Jan, Ist, but formerly March ist or 22nd). 

a. 1588 A, Kinc Canisius’ Catech. Nvjb, Y° Epact, 
quhilk is y® nombre of y° dayes quhairby y° 3ere of y* 
sone do exceid y* 3ere of y* moone, 1603 Sir C. Heypon 
¥ud, Astrol. xviii, 383 The Epact, or 11. daies ouerplus. 
1725 Brapiey Fam. ‘Dict, s.v. Year, These eleven - 
are call’d Epacts. 1750 Phil. Trans, XLVI. 421. 1 
BonnycastLe Astron. xiv. 237- " 

b. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Almanack, heading. of col. 3 
The Epacte. 1561 Even Art Nauig. u. vi. 31 This nomber 
of Epact or concurrent is founde, 1504 Biunpevit Exerc. 
vu. i. (ed. 7) 654 The Epact (beginneth] the first of March. 
1594 J. Davis Seaman's Secr. (1607) 6 There are two num- 
bers especially required, named the Prime and the Epact. 
1696 Wasrvos Th. Earth ui. (1722) 214 The Eccentricity of 
the Sun is. .exactly coincident with the Epact of the Moon. 
1704 Hrarne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 5 The Epact is the num- 
ber of Days of the Moon’s age on the last day of December. 
1704 J. Hanis Lex. Techn. s.v., Divide by 3; for each one 
left add Ten; 30 reject: the Prime makes Epact then. 
1816 Prayrair Nat. Phil, I. 137 The Epacts ..the ages of 
the moon .. at the beginning of every year. 1867 Denison 
Astron. without Math. 95 The moon's age at that time is 
called the epact of the year. 

2. Any intercalated day or days. vare. 

1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. Gloss., Epact, the day 
put to, or set in, to make the leape yeere. 1880 Contemp. 
Rev. Apr. 585 The five days which the Egyptians added 
by way of epact to the twelve months of thirty days each, 

3. attrib. 

1876 Prayer-bk. Interleaved 55 By means of the Epact 
Almanack, Easter-day for any year may be readily found. 

Epactal (/pa'ktal, epe'ktal), a. Anat. [f. Gr. 
énaxrés (see prec.) + -AL.] ‘Imported ; foreign’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). Epactal bone; the Wormian bone 
at the superior angle of the occipital bone. 

1878 Barttey tr. Topinard’s Anthrop. u. i. 207 The ex- 
ceptionally large ossa Wormiana. .an epactal, for example. 

+ Epene'tic, a. Os. Also 7 epenitic, 8 
epainetic. [ad. Gr. éwawerinds, f. énawéev to 
praise.] Laudatory, panegyrical. 

1675 Puitiirs Theatr. Poet. Pref. **sb, In whatever kind 
of Poetry, whether the Epic, the Dramatic. .the Epznetic, 
the Bucolic, or the Epigram. 1687 WinsTaAn.ey Lives Eng. 
Poets Pref., Some addicting themselves most to the Epick.. 
other to the Elegiack, the MP icenitick: the Bucolick, or the 
Epigram. 1736 Bawtey, Epainetick Poem comprehends 
the Hymn, the Epithalamium, the Genethliacon, or what 
else tends to the praise or congratulation of the Divine 
persons and persons eminent upon earth. 

|| Epagoge (epagowg?). [Gr. éraywyfh, f. én- 
ayew to bring in, f. émi to+ dye to bring.) The 
method of bringing forward a number of particular 
instances to lead to a general conclusion; argument 
by induction. Epago‘gic a. [ad. Gr. éraywyix-ds], 
of an inductive nature, 

In mod. Dicts. | 4 

Epagomenic (e:pagome'nik), a. [f. Gr. én- 
ayopuev-n (juépa) intercalated (day), pass, pple. of 
éndyew (see prec.) + -10.]  Intercalary (days) ; 
(gods) worshipped on intercalary days. 

1839 Fraser's Mag. XX. 211 The epagomenaic [sic], 7.e. 
as the gods of the five days which formed no part of the 
month, or of the old solar year. 1880A theneum 23 Oct. 535/3 
Rites to be performed or omitted on the epagomenic days. 

myer cores: a. Bot. [f. E- pref.3 +L. palea 
chaff + -ackous.] Having no chaffy scales. 

In mod. Dicts. 

Epalpate (pe'lpet), a. Ent. [f. E- prefi3 + 
L. palpus the soft palm of the hand, in mod.L. a 
feeler.] Having no palpi or feelers. 

1884 in Syd. Soc, Lex, 

Epalpebrate (‘px"lprbrét), a. [f. E- pref3+ 
L. palpebra eyelid + -aTH?.] Having no eyebrows. 

1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex, ce 

Epana-, before stems beginning with a vowel 
epan-, a combination of two Greek preposi- 
tions ér(/) upon, in addition + dva up, again, oc- 
curring in some rhetorical terms, adopted from 
Greek. Epa:nadiplo'sis [Gr. dimAworsa doubling; 
cf. ANADIPLOSIS], (see quots.). E:panalepsis [Gr. 
Afs a taking, f. AnB-; cf. ANaLEpsy], a figure 
by which the same word or clause is repeated 
after intervening matter. BEpana*phora [Gr. popa 
a carrying] = ANAPHORA, Epana’‘strophe [Gr. 
orpopy turning; cf. ANASTROPHE], a figure by 
which the end-word of one sentence becomes the 
first word of the next. Bypa‘nodos, also evron. 
6 epanodis, 7, 9 epanados [Gr. 65és way; cf. 
ANoDE], a. the repetition of a sentence in an in- 
verse order; b. a return to the regular thread of 
discourse after a digression. E:panortho'sis [Gr. 
ép0wars a setting straight, f. dpAdev, f.dp0ds straight), 
a figure in which a word is recalled, in order to 
substitute a more correct or stronger term. Hence 
E:panortho'tic a. 

1678 Puitiirs,* Epanadiplosis,.a Rhetorical figure wherein 


234 

a sentence begins and ends with the same word; as 
Severe ii is children Baitey, 
Gaui in Latin thi is Inclusio 
Craic, i 1589 , Poesie 

pag age ym *Ey , or the Eccho -»-Much 
must he be beloued, that much. a 1619 ForHersy 
A theom. (1622) Pref. 10 A Poeticall Epanalepsis or redupli- 


first, to latter of two propositions ; to the 
former. 1847 Craic, Efanodos .. a rhetorical , when 
a sentence or member is inverted, or ted 


repeai ward. 
1579 E.K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Jan, 61 A prety 
*Epanorthosis in these two verses. 1672 H. More 

Reply 172 By a seasonable Epanorthosis hestraightway adds, 
etc. 1736 Baitey, Epanorthosis. 1847 Craic, fGen 

Epanthous (epznpas), a. Bot. [f. Gr. én(d) 
+ dv@-os flower + -0US.] Growing upon flowers, as 
certain fungi. In mod. Dicts. 

Eparch (epaik). Also 7 eparck. [a. Gr, 
érapx-os, f. éx(t) over + dpyés ruler.] 

1. a. Hist. Used as equivalent to the L. pra- 
fectus prefect. b. In mod. usage: The governor 
of an eparchy or administrative division in the 
kingdom of Greece. 

1656 BLount Glossogr. Eparch, the President of a Pro- 
vince. 1788 GipBon ‘Decl, & F. (1846) V. liii. 245 The eparch 
or prefect of the city. 1 Str H. Taytor Cominenus 1. 
iii, The eparchs will resort To the Bucoleon. 1 Sviks 
Bent in Macm. Mag, Oct. 431/2 These eparchs again look 
after the demarchs or mayors of the various towns. _ 

2. Eccl. a. Hist. The metropolitan (bishop) 
of a province. b. In the Greek (Russian) Church : 
The metropolitan (bishop) of an eparchy. 

1691 Grascome Reply to Vind. Disc. Unreasonableness 
New Separ. 21 The African Fathers were such Enemies to 
the Titles of Eparck or Patriarck. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. 
Relig. Knowl. 11. 1927 Under him (the patriarch) the 
eparchs in the provinces, 

Hence E-parchate [see -ATE1]. = next. 

1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Know. U1, 1763 The three 
eparchates of Palestine. E 

pa’rchial, a. [f. next+-at.] Pertaining to 
an eparchy. 

1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl, 2082 Under these 
chief academies are the eparchial seminaries, with many 


circuit and parish schools. 

Eparchy ‘e‘pauki). [ad. Gr. éwapyia, f. érap- 
xos:; see prec.] A district or province under the 
government of an eparch. 

1. One of the subdivisions of the modern king- 
dom of Greece ; a division of a nomarchy. 

1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 433/2 Deputies from the communes 
assemble at the chief town of the eparchy. ¢ 1850 Nat. 
Encycl. 1. 839 It forms part of the ney of Naxos, 1880 
Encycl. Brit. X1. 85 (art. Greece) The [13] nomarchies are 
sub-divided into 59 eparchies. 

2. In the Russian (Greek) Church: A diocese. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I1. 87 Bishops .. preside over 
dioceses called Eparchies. 1798 Mattnus Popud. (1878) 153 
It [a statistical work on Russia] contains all the eparchies 
except Bruzlaw. 1862 Neate £ss. Liturg. (1867) 302 All 
the sees are divided into eparchies. 

+ Epassy:terovtically, adv. nonce-wd. [f. Gr. 
énacavrepov one upon another ; cf. chaotically.] 

1652 Urquuart Yewel Wks. (1834) 249 He killed seven of 
them epassyterotically, that is, one after another, 

Epatic, -ke, obs. ff, HEPATIC, etc. 

||Epaule (epd'l). Fortif£, Also 8 espaule. 
[a. Fr. épaule (earlier espaule) shoulder.] The 
‘shoulder’ of a bastion, z,¢. the place where the 
face and flank meet. 

1702 Mil. Dict., Epaule, 1704 J. Harris Lex, Techn., 
a espaul, 1727 Cuambers, Epauie, or £. le, 1748 

arthguake of Peru i. 48 Which makes the Angle of the 
Epaule = Degrees. 1853 Srocqueter Mil. Encycl. s.v. 

Epa ement (epo'lmént). Fortif. Also 7 es- 
pai ent, g epaulment. [a. Fr, ¢paulement 
(earlier esp-), f. ébauler to protect (troops) by an 
epaulement, f. épau/e shoulder.] ‘A covering mass 
raised to protect from the fire of the enemy, but 
differing from a parapet in having no arrangement 
made for the convenient firing over it by defenders’ 
(Adm. Smyth). 

1687 J. Ricnarps Fru. Siege Buda 8 To beat the Enemy 
from an Espaulment they had made to flank the Breach. 
1748 Smottetr Rod. Rand. xiv, (1804) 306, I never saw an 

ulement but once—and that was at the siege of Namur, 

1811 Pinkerton Petrad. I. 43 Fasces of prisms, projectin; 
from the wall, like epaulements, 1859 F. Grirriras “Artit 
ey 


Nexson 26 Nov. in Nicolas Disp. ( 1. 89 Here 
conttonteenee vithepavletts. tao ‘Cheon li. 
The er three years standing .. wears 
one epaulet upon the right shoulder. 1826 ‘Quiz’ Grand 
Mate 2, lets, and sash, Lion and 


Epaulettes and an W. H. Ketty tr. 
Blancs Hist, Ten W nee Obliged to borrow kee 
1875 "Hamerton /ntell. Life ut. vi. 10x A soldier wins his 
= As equivalent for ‘ officer’, ‘commission ’. 
Manrayat F. Mil i, M in elect. herded 
Lie fas Weather cqaubttien “sah Thaccxsay Si. Suoke 


smaller forms of the shoulder-piece or ‘ pauldron’ 
in a suit of armour. 

Meyrick Anc. Arm. III. 87 A suit of armour .. re- 
sembling the halecrets of Henry the Siguarn sams in having 


Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. ii, A should 
epaulette on it—of the mature young lady. 

5. Comb., as epaulet-like adj. 

1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 221 Four 
€ aps gy ee ron 4 —— 1889 Daily News 12 

Vv. eeves of t vet heaped epaulet- 
like folds upon the pes ral i a8 

Hence E-paule:tted /. a., furnished or orna- 
mented with epaulets ; wearing epaulets. 

1810 Naval Chron. XXIII. 351 His epauletted coat. 1836 
E. Howarp &, Reefer xxviii, Heavily-epauletted shoulders. 
1849 Blackw. Mag. LXV. 30 How were the Kabyles to 
distinguish between the acts of the private soldier and of 
= epauleted a -_ — ee Audi Alt. 

. cxxiv. 77 To don ress ee 

Epaxial (epz'ksial), a. Anat. [f. Ep- + L. 
axi-5+-AL.] Situated on or above the axis (of 
the body): said of muscles, cartilages, etc. that 
lie upon or above the vertebral column looked at 
in a horizontal position. 

op Mrvart Elem. Anat. 219 Such arches, as they ex- 
tend above the axis, have been called epaxial arches. 

Hence Eparxially adv., in an epaxial position or 
direction. 

+Epe, v. Ods. rare. [a. ON. :—OTent. 
wopjan: see WEEP.) intr. To cry aloud, 

¢ 1200 ORMIN 9198 Pe rowwste iss herrd off anne mann att 
epebb puss i wesste, 

, var. of YEPE a., Ods., active, bold, 

Epecedean, obs. form of EpiceDIan, 

Epen ic (epe:ns/fe'lik), a. Anat. [f. 
EPENCEPHAL-ON + -10.] Of or pertaining to the 
epencephalon ; covering the epen: lon. 

1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (c 1865) I. pencephalic arch. 
stan Gonmnen Fishes 85 Ep Sie arch, posed of 
“ibponeei (epense'filfn). Anat. [f. Er- 

ncephalon (epense’ : Gif 
+ ronem ston, The anterior of the two enlarge- 
ments into which the posterior beers vesicle of 
the brain divides. Also called Aind-brain. 


1854 OwEn in Circ. Sc. (c 1865) II, 59/2 The lon 
«+ derives a further .. bon’ pom dhe Cokaghanaid 


and the jetals. 188x Mivarr Cat The anterior 
of this sera vanele & eeuatenes coltal tha Naceeeiaien 


Bpendyma, ( ndima). [a. Gr, éwévduya, f. 
enevovew, f. éni paps on+dvev to put. Cf. 


Fr. éfendyme.] ‘ Virchow’s name for i 
membrane of the cerebral ventricles and of the 
central spinal canal’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

3872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 366 Another very delicate epi- 
thelial layer called the epend: 1887 Ex.is Anat. (ed. 10) 
213 Four of them [ventricles] .. are lined throughout by a 
thin membrane named ependyma. 

Epenthesis (epenp/sis). Gram. [late L. 
epenthesis, a. Gr. trévOeats, f. éni in addition + & 
in+éns placing, f. 7-Oé-vac to place. Cf. Fr. 
epenthese.) (See quot.) = 3 
that it as 
Heh i ae er ear a 

Ae ofa ee o iotiatas in ths midst p gyre | 1888 

inc & Cookson Sound § /nflex, Gr. § Lat. 197 In such 

as bOeipw, the e is not to be regarded as the result 


ith a a 4a 


a 25t On the balls striking the epaul th 
ricoc’ 

Epaulet, epaulette (e'pglet). [a. Fr. dpaw- 
Jette, f. épaule shoulder. 


The anglicized spelling efau/et is preferable, on the d 
that the word is fully naturalized in use; but the form in 
-ette is at present more common,] 

1. A shoulder-piece ; an ornament worn on the 
shoulder as part of a military, naval, or sometimes 
of a civil uniform. Zo win one’s epaulets: (of 
a private soldier) to earn promotion to the rank 
of officer. 


of Epenthesis, 
Bw salearers 4 eee satiric In mod. 
icts. 


nthetic dhs grt a. [ad. Gr, éwevGe- 
Tikds ; see prec. ‘es Pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, epenthesis. Of a letter or sound: In- 
aE roses teh Gol ot pl ee 
x M. , : 
dat Nun. 3839 Lit. Cinch G7/a ‘The N is con. 
sidered epenthetic, as the true word would be J. 1883 
Edin, Rev, Oct. 442 An epenthetic ¢ to fill up the sound. 


EPERGNE. 


agg (#ps'n). Also 8 epergn, epargne. 
[perh. a corruption of Fr. épargne saving, eco- 
nomy ; cf. quot.1779; but there is no evidence to 
show how the word acquired its present meaning.] 
A centre-dish, or centre ornament for the dinner- 
table, now often in a branched form, each branch 
supporting a small dish for desert or the like, 
or a vase for flowers. (From our quots. it 
appears that the earlier use was chiefly to hold 
pickles.) 

1761 Bill of Fare in Pennant London (1813) 562, 2 Grand 
Epergnes filled with fine Pickles, 1775 in Picton L’pool 
Munic. Rec. 199 That Mr. Mayor be desir’d to order a 
handsome silver Epergn. 1779 Mackenzie in Mirror No. 
34_§ 6 In the centre .. stood a sumptuous eAargue, filled 
[with sweetmeats]. 1804 Verses to Dr. Warton in Ann. 
Reg. 928 [His pupils present him with an epergne on his 
resigning the head-mastership of Winchester, hoping that 
it may remind him ‘ of “ Pickles” left behind’]. 1819 Ban- 
ed 60 Waiter, epergne, and tankard, beaker, vase. 186 

ICKENS Gt. Expect. xi, An epergne or centre-piece of some 
kind was in the middle of the cloth. 

Epetite, obs. var. of HEPATITE. 

Epexegesis (epe:ks‘dzi'sis). [a. Gr. émegy- 
anos, f. éregnyetoOa, f. éri in addition + ényetoOa 
to explain: see Exxcesis.] The addition of a 
word or words to convey more clearly the meaning 
implied, or the specific sense intended, in a preced- 
ing word or sentence; a word or words added for 
this purpose. 

162x Br. Mountacu Diatriba 163 The latter part of 
the Apostles assertion is an epexegesis, or explication, of 
the former. a@164x — Acts & Mon. 130 Primarily and 
literally, not Princes, but Prophets, which is an epexegesis 
of Anointed. 1888 Pa/l Mall G. 4 Oct. 3/1 The above may 
be very sound epexegesis. 1889 M. B. Epwarps 4. Young 
Introd. 33 These jottings of old age, interesting as they are, 
err_on the side of redundancy and epexegesis. 

Epexegetic (epesks/dzetik).  [ad. Gr. emegn- 
yntix-ds, f. émegnyeioOar: see prec] Pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, an epexegesis; given as an 
additional explanation. Const. of 

1888 Athenzum 3 Nov. 590/1 Ep. I., vv. 18-20.. are 
epexegetic of the preceding verse. 

Epexegetical (epeksidze'tikal), a. _[f. prec. 
+-AL.] = prec, Hence Epexege'tically adv., 
in an epexegetical manner, by way of epexegesis. 

1864 F. Haut in Wilson tr. Vishni-purdna I. 104 Accord- 
ing to the commentator, ‘fierce’ and ‘ mild’ are epexegetical 
of ‘agreeable’ and ‘hideous’. 1865 Athenaum No. 1986. 

2/t This superfcetation of epexegetical help.  187x tr. 

ange’s Comm, Feremiah 160 * Hunters’ is therefore epex- 
egetical. 1882 J. Roserrson tr. Miller's Heb. Synt.52'To 
attach ..epexegetically some additional specification: ‘The 
great riyer, the river Dogheates o 

Ephah (7‘fa). Heb. Antig. Forms: 4 (ephi), 
7-8 epha, 7- ephah. [a. Heb. 75 x diphah, be- 
lieved to be of Egyptian origin. 

Cf. Egyptian adit, a dry measure containing 40 Ain, or 
according to Hultsch 18°18 litres=4 gallons. The form epAz 
is a. L. épAé (Vulg.)=Gr. oipi (LXX.). The Gr. and Lat. 
forms cannot be adoptions of the Heb. word, but appear 
to be taken directly from Egyptian; the Gr. is stated by 
Hesychius to be the name of an Egyptian measure.] 

A Hebrew dry measure, identical in capacity 
with the bath; see Baru sd.3; it is variously said 
to have contained from 43 to 9 gallons. Also fig. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. cxxviii. (1495) 932 
Batus is in fletynge thynges .. Ephiin drye thynges. x61 
Biss Ezek. xlv. 10 Ye shall haue iust ballances, and a iust 
Ephah, and a iust Bath.” 1622 A. Cooke Pofe Foan in 

‘arl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 10 By your Grace’s means, the 
epha, wherein popish wickedness sitteth, may be lifted up 
between the earth and the heaven. 1660 Futter Mixt 
Contemp. (1841) 177 Some have had a hin..others an ephah 
of afflictions. 1721 Bawey, Zfha. | : 

Ephebe (efz'b). Gr. Antig. [ad. L. ephéb-us, 
a. Gr. épnBos, f. éni upon + #6 early manhood.] 
Among the Greeks, a young citizen from eighteen 
to twenty years of age, during which he was occu- 
pied chiefly with garrison duty. Also in L. form 
Ephebus (efz'bis). Hence Ephe'bic a., of or 
pertaining to an ephebus, or to early manhood. 

[1697 Porter Antig. Greece 1. ix. (1715) 48 They who were 
enroll’d amongst the Ephebi. 1807 Ropinson Archzol. 
Greca i. xviil. 175 The ephebi.. were youths that had 
arrived at the age of eighteen years.] 1880 WAaALDSTEIN 
Pythag. Rhegion 5 So soon as they became ephebes .. their 
hair was cut off to the length, etc. 1865 Grote Plato I. iii. 
116 ote, His [/Eschines’] two ephebic years. 1884 L. Morris 
Songs Unsung in Times 9 June 5, 1..marked..my youngest 
born .. doffing his ephebic robe, 

Ephectic (efe‘ktik), a. [ad. Gr. épexritds, f. 
éréxewv to check, hold back, hence to suspend (one’s 
judgement), f. émé upon + éxerv to hold.] Character- 
ized by suspense of judgement. In ancient use, 
a distinctive epithet of the Sceptic school of 
philosophers. 

@ 1693 Urquuart Rabelais m1. xxxvi. 303 The Schools of 
the Pyrronian .. Sceptick, and Ephectick Sects. 1883 
Sarntssury in Daily News 20 Dec. 6/2 Montaigne’s attitude 
was ephectic. : 

+ Ephemera, a. and sd.1 Path. Obs. Forms: 
4-7 effimera, 6 ephimera, 7-9 ephemera; //. 
7 ephemeraes, 8-9 -@, -as. Also in adapted 
forms 6-7 effimere, 6 ephimer. [a. med.L. ephé- 


285 


mera (sc. febris), fem. of ephémerus, a. Gr. eph- 
Hepos lasting only for a day, f. émi (see Epr-) + 
juépa day. The adapted forms are perh. through 
OF. effimere.] 

A. adj. Of a fever: Lasting only for a day; 
‘ ephemeral’. B. sé. An ephemeral fever. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vit. xxxiv. (1495) 248 Effi- 
mera, one dayes feuer is as it were the heete of one daye. 
1528 Paynet Salerne Regim. C, A feuer effimere is engen- 
dred of vapours and smudge fumes. 1547 Boorpe Brev. 
Health cxxxvi. 50 In Englyshe it is named the Ephimer 
fever... The fever doth dye that daye in the which he doth 
infest any man. 1885 Lioyp 7veas. Health R iij, Of the 
Agew callyd ephimera which endureth but one daye. 1625 
Hart Anat. Ur. u. ix, 112 That Feauer which we call 
Ephemera, not exceeding foure and twentie houres. 1707 
Fioyer Physic. Pulse-Waitch 115 Ephemeras oft end in 
Hectics, or Intermittents, because the Pulse is a-like frequent 
in all of them. 18x3 J. Tuomson Lect. Jnjlam. 105 The 
ephemera from cold may be regarded as an idiopathic fever. 

Ephemera (‘fe'méra), 50.2 Pl. ephemerm, 
-as. [a. mod.L. ephémera (?sc. musca) : see prec. 

In med.L. ephemera was neut. pl., a. Gr. ébyjpepa used in 
this sense by Aristotle (see EpHEMERON). The earlier Eng. 
instances are possibly due to the common practice of treat- 
ing plurals in -@ as sing. Linnzus however used the word 
as fem., making it the name of a genus (of much wider 
extent than the genus now so called.)] 

1. An insect that (in its imago or winged form) 
lives only for a day. In mod. entomology the 
name of a genus of pseudo-neuropterous insects 
belonging to the group Lphemeridx (Day-flies, 
May-flies). 

x67 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. vi. 170 But Ephemeraes 
in duration, and little other than Insects in extent. 1750 
Jounson Rambler No. 82% 7, I... have discovered a new 
ephemera, 1813 BinGLey Anim. Biog. (ed. 4) III. 235 The 
Common Ephemera, or Day-fly. 1873 Dawson Earth § 
Man vi. 136 Shad-flies or ephemeras, which spend their 
earlier days under water. 

2. transf. and fig. One who or something which 
has a transitory existence. 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 145 P11 These papers of a 
day, the Ephemerz of learning. 1785 Craspe Newspaper 
Wks. 1834 II. 119 These base ephemeras, so born To die 
before ihe next revolving morn. 1815 Scribddeomtania 58 
When the new-fangled ephemerz of fashion shall be no 
more. 1886 H. F. Lester Under 2 Fig Trees 33 [A char- 
woman is] a kind of domestic ephemera which flutters briefly 
in the scullery and then is seen no more. F 

Ephemeral (#fe'méral), a. (sd.) [f. Gr. épn- 
pep-os (see prec.) +-AL.] 

A. adj. 

1. a. Of diseases: Beginning and ending in a 
day. b. Of insects, flowers, etc.: Existing for 
one day only, or for a very few days. 

a. 1576 Newton tr. Lemmie’s Complex. (1633) 164 The cor- 
ruption of the Ayre is the cause of this grievous maladie or 
Ephemerall Ague. 1866 A. Fuint Princ. Med. (1880) 945 If 
very short, lasting only a single day, it is. .an ephemeral fever. 

b. 1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. xlix. 523 Some 
insects are so ephemeral that they are to be found only for 
a few days. 1864 /utell, Observ. No. 33.149 The perfect 
Ephemeral imago. 1875 He.ps Ess., Exerc. Benevolence 
36 The insects..poor ephemeral things. 1880 Gray Struct. 
Bot. vi. § 5. 243 Ephemeral or Fugacious, lasting for only 
a day; as the petals of Poppy. 

2. In more extended application: That is in 
existence, power, favour, popularity, etc. for a short 
time only; short-lived ; transitory. 

a 1639 Sir H. Worrton Relig. Wotton. (1685) 220 An ephe- 
meral fit of applause. a1659 Be. Morton Efisc. Fustified 
(1670) 142 A Deambulatory, Hebdomatical (or peradventure 
Ephemeral) Office. 1810 I. Jerrerson W7it. (1830) IV. 137 
His ministers, however weak and profligate in morals, are 
ephemeral. 182x Knox Ox Grammar Schools 157 The gale 
of ephemeral popularity. 1825 Syp. SmitH Sf. Wks. 1859 
II. 204/2 Their ephemeral liberty, 1867 Freeman Norm. 
Cong. (1876) I. vi. 481 Empires like those of Alexander, 
Charles, and Cnut are in their own nature ephemeral. 

absol. 

1875 Browninc A ristoph, Apol. 127 May I, the ephemeral, 
ne’er scrutinize Who made the heaven and earth. 1878 
Bosw. Smitu Carthage 381 When the due distinction had 
been drawn between the ephemeral and the lasting. 

B. sd. in gl. Insects which live only for a day. 
Also ¢ransf. of books, persons, etc. 

1817 CoLermnce Biog. Lit LI. xx. 121 Gnats, beetles, etc. 
..the whole tribe of ephemerals..may flit in and out. 1831 
Blackw. Mag. X 965 Let the breezy sunshine but bring 
out the winged e enegeee 1870 SwinBuRNE Ess. § Stud, 
(1875) 106 Assemblies of important ephemerals who met to 
dispute the respective claims, etc. 1878 W. E, A. Axon 
Bk. Rarities Warrington Musetim 11x Some of these books 
are pure ephemerals. 

Ephemerality (‘fe-mére'liti). [f. prec. + 
-(1)ty.] The quality of being ephemeral; concer. 
in Z/. ephemeral matters. 

1822 CarLyLe Early Lett. (1886) II. 67 Speculation on 
ephemeralities. 1861 Reape Cloister § H. III. 222 This 
lively companion .. often looked in on him, and chattered 
ephemeralities. 1878 Fraser's Mag. XVII. 530 Epheme- 
rality? Is not the glory of even the Prime Minister, in 
most cases, but a passing brilliancy ? 

+ Ephe’meran, a. and sé. Ods. [f. EPHEMERA 

+-AN.] A. adj. = EPHEMERAL I a. B. sb. 

= EPHEMERAL B. 

1643 True Informer 13 It was rather an Embryo of a 
Parliament, an Ephemeran of 20 dayes. c1645 HoweLt 


Lett, (1650) I. 363 Methought, it was a strange opinion of 


EPHEMERIS. 


our Aristotle to hold, that the least of those small insected 
ephemerans should be more noble than the sun, because it 
had a sensitive soul in it. 1727 BrapLey Mam. Dict. s.v. 
Fever, The Ephemeran Fever is so call’d, because it lasts 
but one Day. 

+Epheme:rean, a. Ods. rare. = EPHEMERAL. 

1804 Miniature No. 4 (1806) I. 57 Celestial Peacock .. 
Whose conscious plumes diffuse a herd Of ephemerean dyes ! 

+Epheme'rian, ¢. Os. [f. EpHemert-s + 
-AN.] ‘Belonging to a journal, register or day- 
book’ (Bailey 1736). 

Ephemeric, «. [f. EpHemer-a + -10.] = EpHe- 
MERAL, 

1755 in JOHNSON. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Ephemerid (‘fe‘mérid). [ad. mod.L. Zphé- 
meride, {. ephemera.| An insect belonging to the 
group Ephemeride : see EPHEMERA’. Also fig. 

1872 Nicuo.son Palzont. 186 The Haplophlebium Bar- 
nesii must have attained a size much larger than that of 
any recent Ephemerids. 1874 Farrar Christ 65 ‘The ephe- 
merid that buzzes out its little hour in the summer noon. 
1879 Daily Tel. 17 Oct., This gossamer nothing, this aerial 
ephemerid, paralyses the intellect. a 

+Ephemerid, ¢. rare. [f. L. ephémerid., 
stem of ephemeris : see EPHEMERIS.] = EPHEMERAL. 

1804 Mitrorp Harmony 91 The ephemerid fashion of 
orthography. 

So + Ephemeridal. 

1795 tr. Mercier Frag. of Politics §& Hist. 11. 444 These 
sons of fortune, these ephemeridal giants who threatened to 
swallow up every thing. 

+ Ephemeri-dian, a. Ols. [f. L. ephemerid-, 
stem of ephemeris +-1aN.] Of or pertaining to an 
ephemeris. 

1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 

|| Ephemeris (‘feméris): 2/. ephemerides 
(efime‘ridzz), formerly often used as a szg. [mod. 
L. ephemeris, a, Gr. épnuepis diary, calendar, f. ép7- 
pepos daily: see EPHEMERA. ] 

+1. A record of daily occurrences; a diary, 
journal. Ods. 

1sgt LamBarvDE Arch. (1635) 168 The Bookes of Entries 
kept there ; which is a true Ephemeris or Iournall of the 
Acts of the Court. 1629 Donne Sermz. xxiv. 240 God sees 
their sins..and in his Ephemerides—his Journals, he writes 
them downe. a@ 1682 Six‘. Browne Chr, Alor. 22 Register 
not only strange, but merciful occurrences ; let ephemerides, 
not olympiads, give thee account of His mercies. 

+b. Al. for seng. 

1613 JAcKSoN Creed 1. xvii. Wks. I. 119 His written oracles 
..an absolute ephemerides of all things that had been since 
the first moment of time. 1642 FULLER Holy §& Prof. St. 
v. iv. 371 Having kept an exact Ephemerides of all actions 
for more then five thousand years together. 1650 R. Sta- 
PYLTON Strada’s Low C. Warres x. 16 Set downe in a Diary 
(or Ephemerides). 

2. A table showing the predicted (rarely the 
observed) positions of a heavenly body for every 
day during a given period. + Also, in f/. the 
tabulated positions (of a heavenly body) for a 
series of successive days. 

15st RecorvE Cast. Kuow/, (1556) 283 Many eclipses of 
the sonne and moone also are not noted in the common 
Ephemerides and Almanachs. x60r Hotianp P/iny I. 188 
Among the Babylonians there were found Ephemerides con- 
taining the obseruation of the stars, for 720 yeares. 1664 
Phil. Trans. 1. 3 The Ephemerides of the Comet. 1668 
Ibid. III. 688 Tables of the Motion of the Satellits of 
Jupiter, with an Ephemeris of the same for this present 
Year. 1874 Mosecey Astron. Ixxxviii. (ed. 4) 232 The 
Nautical Almanac for 1835 contained ephemerides of two 
of them. 1880 Academy No. 440. 262 The following ephe- 
meris..will be serviceable in searching for the comet. 

+b. pl. As the title of a collection of such 
tables. Often used as sing. = 3. Ods. 

1559 CUNINGHAME Cos. Glas 95, I find in an Ephemerides 
the sonne to be in the firste Digree of Aries. 1594 BLUNDE- 
vi_ Lxerc. 1. xxviii. (ed. 7)77 An example used by Stadius in 
the 115 Page of his Ephemerides. _1618 WitHER Fuvenil. 
Motto (1633) 543 Be slaves unto an Ephemerides. 1635 N. 
CarrenTeR Geog. Ded. 1. xi, 241 You may [know] by an 
Ephemerides at what houre an Eclipse shall happen. 

Jig. 1686 W. ve Britains Hum, Prud. § 21. 99 You 
must be careful to keep an Ephemerides, to know how the 
great Orbs of the Court move. 

8. A book in which the places of the heavenly 
bodies and other astronomical matters are tabu- 
lated in advance for each day of a certain period ; 
an astronomical almanac. 

1647 A lmanak for 1386, Astron. App. (1812)61 An ephemeris 
..is a book giving the true places of the planets. 1796 
Hurton Math. Dict. s.v., The Nautical Almanac, or As- 
tronomical Ephemeris, published in England by the Board 
of Longitude..which commenced with the year 1767. 1833 
HERSCHEL A stvon. v. 204 The equation of time is calculate 
and inserted in ephemerides for every day of the year. 1874 
Mosetey Astron, xlv. (ed. 4) 147, These quantities .. are 
stated .. in the tables of the Nautical Almanac, and other 
ephemerides. 

+4. In wider sense: An almanac or calendar of 
any kind; in early use esf. one containing astro- 
logical or meteorological predictions for each day 
of the period embraced ; also, a calendar of saints’ 
Also g/. in same sense, sometimes used as 


80-2 


EPHEMERIST. 


1597 Br. Hatt Sat, u. vii. 6 Why can his tell-troth Ephe- 
merides Teach him the weathers state so long beforne. 
Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. i. §3 That Kalendar or Ephemerides 
which he maketh of the diversities of times and seasons for 
all actions and purposes. 1610 B. Jonson A/ch. 1v. iv, Cures 
Plagues, piles, and pox, by the ep i a 1661 Fuuter 
Worthies, Flintshire w. 39 He. .wrote an Ephemeris of the 
Irish Saints, 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 45 Several Ephe- 
merides or $ are annually published. ae 

Jig. 1649 G. Dantet Trinarch., Hen. IV, ccclii, Hee 
who had read the Ephemerides Of Fate; and could 
his owne, by roat. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace Wks. (1812) 
IX. 105, I think this can hardly have escaped the writers 
of political ephemerides for any month me sags pS, 

+b. pl. The appointed. daily order of religious 
services. Ods. 

1650 ELperFieLp 7ythes 117 How their ephemerides for 
divine services should be performed. 

§| 5. catachr. = EPHEMERA*1and2. — 

1820 SHELLEY Sens. Pi. 49 The beamlike ephemeris Whose 

th is the lightning’s. oies-4 Emerson Ess., Self-reliance 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 25 Honour is venerable to us because it is 
no ephemeris. 

+ Ephe-merist. Obs. [f. EPHEMER-IS + -IST.] 
One who uses or makes an ephemeris. ‘ : 
1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Ephemerist, one that registret 
aay sctions, or Nativicics, with the help of an Ephe- 
merides ; a maker of an Ephemerides, a 1666 Howe 1 (J.), 
He was discoursing of ..the art of foolish astrologers and 
genethliacal ephemerists. 1706 Puituirs, Ephemerist, a 
maker of Ephemerides, Almanacks, etc. in Baitey. 
Ephemeromorph (‘femérojmg:if). Biol. 
rare. [f. Gr. épnpepo-s (see EPHEMERA) + popp-7 
form.] Used by Bastian as a general name for 
the lowest forms of life, which cannot be assigned 
definitely to either the animal or vegetable king- 

dom. Hence Ephe:meromo‘rphic a. 

1874 Bastian in Contemp. Rev. XXIII. 708 The song of 
the Uptemaroecechs ight be, in the words of Ovid, ‘Cor- 
pora vertantur ; nec aad fase aeves sumusve, Cras erimus’. 
1876 — roid. Jan. 243 These creatures of circumstances, which 
become metamorphosed in a most striking and apparently 
irregular manner, I have proposed to include under the 
general designation of ‘Ephemeromorphs’. 1880 — Brain 
i, 6 The ephemeromorphic assemblage of vital forms. 

Ephemeron (‘femérgn). /. 7-9 ephemera, 
9 ephemerons. [a. Gr. ((@ov) épjyepor (Aristotle 
H, A.1. v.), neut. of épjyepos: see EPHEMERA ?.] 

1. An insect, which, in its winged state, lives but 
fora day. Cf. EPHEMERA 2. 

1626 Bacon Sylva‘ 1677)§ 697 There are certain Flies thatare 
called Ephemera that live but aday. 1710 Hearne Collect. 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 30 The Ephemeron, a Fly that lives 
but five Hours. 1845 R. Cuambers Vest. Creat., Hypoth. 
Devel., An ephemeron, hovering over a pool for its one 
April day of life. 1884 G. F. Brartnwaite Salmonide 
Westmorid. vi. 26 The most beautiful species of our ephe- 
mera, the green and grey drakes, must not be forgotten. 

2. fig. A short-lived person, institution, or pro- 
duction. 

1771 Bachelor (1773) 1. No. 38. 254 Unnotic’d, dull invec- 
tive lyes, A mere Ephemeron it dyes, Or but provokes a 
jest. 1787 Beckrorp /taly (1834) II. 78 All the human 
ephemera of Lisbon. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 11. 371 This 
political ephemeron [constitution formed by the National 
Assembly in 1791]. 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 
208 Every ephemeron of a tale-writer, a dramatist, etc. 18: 
Fairnoitt Tobacco (1876) 61 Samuel Rowlands, a prolific 
writer of ephemera. 1878 Morey Carlyle 173 A cloud of 
sedulous ephemera still suck a little spiritual moisture. 

|| 8. A plant described by ancient writers. Ods. 

Some ancient authors distinguish two plants called ephe- 
meron: one so named because springing up and dying in 
one day, the other as being a poison that causes death 
within a day. 

3578 Lyte Dodoens 11. xlv. 204 If it be Ephemeron as it 
seemeth to be, then it is good for the teeth. 1616 HaywarpD 
Sanct. Troub. Soul u.(1620) To Rdr. ® 9 Many writings are 
like the o¢ Ephemeron; which springeth, flourisheth, 
and fadeth in one‘day. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 
35, It [goat’s milk] helps against the ephemeron or cantha- 
rides [mistranslates contra cantharidas et contra ephemeri 
potum Plin. N. H. xxvut. xlv). 

4. attrib. 

@ 1735 Deruam (J.), Swammerdam observes of the opie: 
meron-worms, that their food is clay. 1751 CHamBers Cyc/. 
Travellers into Arabia tell us of several ephemeron-trees. 
oe Westey Serm. Wks. 1811 IX. 115 An Ephemeron 
Fly lives six hours. 1796 D’Israrti Lit. Recreat. 115 Several 
singular coincidencies alone gave the ephemeron critic his 
temporary existence, 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. xxiii. (1826) 

An ephemeron fly [produces] a cod-bait maggot. 
emerous (/feméras), a. [f. EPHEMER-ON 
+-0u8s.] Having the nature of, or resembling, 
an ephemeron ; transitory. 

a@ 1660 Hammonp 19 Sern, vi.Wks. 1684 IV, Our ephemer- 
ous wishes, that no man can distinguish from true piety, 
but by their sudden death. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 282 The 
ephemerous tale that does its business and dies in a day. 
187 Darwin Orig. ae xiv. 386 A certain ephemer- 
ous insect during its development, moults..above twenty 
times. 

Ephesian (/frzin), a. and sd. [f. L. ephesi-us 
(ad. Gr, épéotos, f. "Epecos) + -AN. 

= adj. Of or pertaining to Ephesus. 
5b 


L An ‘inhabitant of Ephesus. te “a 

x Ephes. Prol., Effesians ecyes 
of ie tea Hecomiuns Coin Coll. Meat sp The ped 
of the Ephesians bore a stag. 

+2. A boon companion. Oés. Cf. the use of 
Corinthian in Shakspere, etc, 


236 


1597 SHAKs. 2 Hen. JV, u. ii. 164 Prin, Where he? 
<< y? P Faharines, x Leas, of the old 
Church. 1598 — Merry W. 1. v. 19 It is thine Host, thine 


(efisin), a. [ad. <s Leese 
E .] Of or pertaining to Ephesus ; chie 
Feet with reference to the Thind General Counel : 
held there A.D. 431, or to certain age uses 
esus. 


Counsell vnto Nestorius, Evetyn Sylva (1776) 339 
The Ephesine temple. EOWELL Anc, Brit. Ch, xi. 
(1847) 109 The Ephesine fathers had determined the Cyprian 
canis 4 : 


the Ephesine Canon? 1882-3 A. F. Mircnett in Schaff 
it in 


Encyel. Relig. Knowl. 1, 1236 The Scottish — ii 
of Deer, the ih fragments... istinctly 
r, 


EPI-. 


cal priestly garment ; thence used 


2. transf. 
‘the priestly office’, ‘clerical 


ieee 
praes 


whence “pp. the form ephories in 16-17th c.] 

1, The title given to certain magistrates in various 
Dorian states, esp. at Sparta, where the five ephors, 
appointed annually by election, exercised 


Ephesine character, a controllin; over 
A -fYe>% 7 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) To con- 
mynantho te a3 Min, £ rere os tent the people, 'y appointed five Te Sho were 
which it was found + -ITE.] pearly-white la- | chosen out of the people, as Tribunes to keep away tyranny. 
mellar mineral, royce Mepeg to m: rite. 1594 Mirr. Policy (1599) B, Those which are Ww 
1851 Amer, Frnl. Sc. . me 3S 53 esite [a new curbe I the did the Kings of 
species]. 1873 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. ul. 87 Ephesite, | L n 1602 L. Liroyp C . Lawes 4 “ 
a mineral of. .]amellar structure. .r white cyani pagites in Athens .. the Sparta .. the Amphic- 
tions at Trozaena. & Priv. Parl. 10 At 


+ Ephe'stian, 2. Ods. rare—1. [f. Gr. péori-os 
of the house or family (f. ém{ upon + éoria hearth) 
+-AN.] Domestic, as opposed to foreign. 

1652 Urquuart Yewel Wks. (1834) 275 That the state 
[government] of this Isle, without meeard to Ephestian or 
exotick country..should consider of men according to the 
fruits, whether good or bad. 


Ephete (efit). rare. [ad. Gr. épérns, agent-n. 


f. éprévar to impose, command, ete., f. éwi (see | 


Epr-) + tévat to send.] In f/. The members of 
a body of magistrates at Athens. More commonly 


in L. form ephete. 

1839 THirtwatt Greece Il. 19 He [Draco] introduced some 
changes in the administration of criminal justice, by trans- 
ferring causes of murder, or of accidental homicide, from 
the cognizance of the archons to the magistrates called 
ephetes; though it is not clear whether he instituted, or 
only modified or enlarged, their jurisdiction. 

So Ephe'tic a. [see -1c.] (See quot.) 

1849 Grote Greece u. x. (ed. 2) III. 107 note, Plato copies 
to a great degree the arrangements of the ephetic tribunals, 
in his provisions for homicide. 

Ephialtes (efijeltiz). [a. Gr. épiddarns. 

Usually believed to be agent-n. f. *épudAdeo@at, var. of 
ébdAdeo@ar to leap upon, f. erf on + dAAeoOa to leap. But 
the phonological difficulties are considerable (cf., however, 


édpiopxos = értopxos, f. éri + dpxos); and the synonymous | 


Hradns, eens, etc. suggest that the word may have been 
affected by popular etymology.] : 
A demon supposed to cause nightmare; night- 


mare itself. 

1601 HoLianp Pliny IL. ng, Paki diseases called Ephialtes 
or Incubus, i.e. the night-Mare. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. v. xxi. § 21, 272 To prevent the Ephialtes or 
night-Mare we hang up an hallow stone in our stables. 
1656 Cutrerrer Eng. Physic. 296 Such as in their sleep are 
troubled with the Disease called Ephialtes or Incubus. 
1777 Branp Pop. Antig. 324 ha ialtes, or Night Mare is 
called by Common People Witch-riding. 

Ephippial (efi‘pial), a. Amat. & Zool. [f. Epu- 
IPPI-UM +-AL.] Of or pertaining to the ephippium. 

1835-6 Topp Cyc/, Anat. I. 738/1 Its corners are bounded 
by the ephippial .. ge ee 1841-71 R. Jones Anim, 
Kingd. (ed. 4) 455 The development of the ephippial eggs 
takes place at the posterior part of the ovaries. 


+ Ephi‘ppiate, v. O¢s.—° [f. L. ephippi-um | 


saddle +-aTE.] To harness or saddle. 

1656-81 in BLount Glossogr. 1704 in Cocker. 

|| Ephippium (efi:pitm). [L. ephippium horse- 
cloth, saddle, ad. Gr. épimmos adj. ‘ that is for put- 
ting on a horse’, f. éwi upon + tmos horse.] 

l. Anat. A saddle-shaped depression of the 
sphenoid bone. 1842 Dunciison Medical Lex. s.v. 
2. Zool. The envelope enclosing the winter ova 
of the Daphniidz (a genus of the Crustaceans), 
which is situated between the back of the animal 
and the carapace, and probably is a development 
from the latter. It is shed with the carapace. 

1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 455 As winter 
approaches, however, the Daphnia may be seen with a dark 
opaque substance within the back of the shell, which has 
been called the ephipp from its r bl to asaddl 
.-The ephippium is really only an altered part of the 
carapace, 1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. An, vi, 287 The ephip- 
pium sinks to the bottom, and, sooner or later, its contents 
give rise to young Daphniz. 

Ephod (e'fpd). 
ee f. 1Dx dphad to put on.] 


is, a ouermest clothing, that we cleepen a coope. 
1611 | 2 Sam. vi. 14 Daud 


the 
the oracle. 


‘oll, Ri, 

aioe emis Seems 
r ef, Lil 4 ats 
poo Fe of the Koon tgs Tamewatx Greece 1. pas Before 
the ephors made an exception, every one rose at his [the 
king’s) approach. 

+b. transf. Obs. rare. ; 
1647 CLarenvon Hist. Reb. (1703) Il. vt. 5 Mr. Hollis, 
Sr. Walter Earl, and other ephori. 1732 Wocan ef. in 
Swift's Wks. (1824) XVII. 485 Their Tings’ of England] 
inherent rights .. were but mere feathers, the sport taony 
wind that blew from the ephori of the people. 

2. In modern Greece; An overseer, superintendent 
of public works. 

1890 A thenzum 15 Mar. 252/1 The excavations at Lyco? 
soura .. will now be resumed, under the direction of the 
Ephor, B. A. Leonardos. f : st 

ence E-phoral a., of or pertaining to the ephors. 
E:phoralty, the office of ephor; also, the body 
of ephors. E-phorate: see quot. Ephovric a. 
= ephoral. + Ephorism, nonce-wd., a tribunal 
resembling that of the ephors. + E*phorize v. 
Oés., to exercise a controlling influence over; to 
over-rule as the ephors did. E*phorship, the 
term of office as ephor. + phory [cf. Gr. 
épopeia], the body of ephors, 

1836 Lytton A thens (1837) I. 209 Aristotle paints the evil 
of the *ephoral istrature, but acknowl that it gave 
strength and durability to the state. 1844 Lp, BrouGHam 
Brit. Const. i. (1862) 18 It was not till above a century after 
his decease that the Ephoral power became any proveoon 
to the people. 28: ewis in Philol. Museum 11. 49 Dr. 
Arnold then proceeds - describe he ee oy as a ma- 

str; nt: lor ti purpose etc, WLINSON 
“inc. Hist. 267 At the same tine ha sbolished the Rohoaaly. 
1841 W. Spatpine /taly § /t. /si. II]. 42 An *ey or 
court of supreme revision for laws and magistracies. 1846 
Grote Greece (1862) II. vi. 144 The annual *ephoric oath of 
office. 1633 James in Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Lo 
Thrice I have bin hal'd before Our *Ephorismes of state. 
1647 WARD Simp. Cobler 50 These Essentially, must not be 
Fy roo om eee oe or a rs Mens a 
I ROTE Greéce il, 1x, . 31 In this 1 year 1c 
ilgn of Detien cad in ee eae ippidas at 
teres thle Re hrs (gta) 

1 im ny ie 
had diminished the Power 7 his Harem cn 
hydriad (efidrijed). rare. [ad. Gr. épv- 
dpids, -ddos, f, éni upon + U5wp water.] A water- 
nymph. A 
1832 L. Hunt Poems 201 "Tis there the Ephydriads haunt. 
Pi-, £7¢/ix, repr. Gr. ém- (before an unaspirated 
vowel usually éw-, before an aspirated vowel é¢-, 
represented in Eng. by Ep-, Epu-), used in 
positional and advb. senses, ‘u at, or close 
upon (a point of s or time), on the ground 
or occasion of, in addition’. 

1. In words derived from compounds which 
either were, or might legitimately have been, 
formed already in Greek. Also in mod. scientific 
terms after analogy of words derived from 
Gr. ; chiefly with sense ‘ placed or resting upon’, 


es. 


as in epicalyx, epicorolline. 
2. In mod, Chemistry employed in the names 


hydrin, 
analogous composition belonging respectively to 
the bromhydrin, chlorhydrin, etc. series. They 
contain one ry neta ae prpames with 3 
of carbon, 5 o! ‘ 1 of oxygen. 

3. In Mineralogy prefixed to the names of certain 
minerals to form names of other minerals closely 
resembling them in composition, as in Bpibou- 
la‘ngerite, a sulph-antimonide of lead resulting 
from the decomposition of boulangerite. Bpi- 
chlorite, a hydrous silicate of aluminium, iron, 
and magnesium. Bpidi‘orite, a mineral differing 
from diorite in that the hornblende it contains is 
fibrous. Episti-lbite, a zeolitic mineral, a hy- 
drous silicate of aluminium, calcium, and sodium. 


EPIBASAL. 


1872 Dana Min, 1st App. 5 Epiboulangerite. 1850 
ton Min. 263 Epichlorite .. fuses only in thin fibres 
and with difficulty. bac ached Study Rocks xiii. 245 
The viridite (chlorite, epichlorite, or chloritic matter). 1887 
Dana Manual Min. 482 Epidioryte consists of plagioclase 
with hornblende, some quartz, a little orthoclase, and some 
pyroxen. 1826 Edin. Frni, Sc. IV. 286 The cleavage of 
epistilbite is quite perfect. r 

ipibasal (epibéisal), a. Bot. [f. Epr + 
Basata.] The distinctive epithet of the upper 
of the two cells in the odsphere of certain crypto- 
gams. (See quot.) 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 375 The oospore is first of all 
clothed with a cell-wall, continues to grow considerably, 
and is then divided by a horizontal or slightly oblique wall 
(basal wall). The lower (hypobasal) of these two cells .. 
contributes but little to the formation of the embryo. The 
upper (epibasal) cell gives rise to the capsule and the set 
piblast (e'piblast). [f. Epi-+-bBasr.] 

1. Bot. (See quot.) 

1866 Treas. Bot., Epiblast, a small transverse plate (a 
second cotyledon), found on the embryo of some grasses. 

2. Biol, The outermost of the three layers con- 
stituting the wall of the blastoderm when fully 
formed. 

1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv. An. i, 50 The inner wall of the 
sac is the hypoblast (endoderm of the adult), the outer the 
epiblast (ectoderm), 1881 Mivart Cat 319 The epiblast 
investing the whole ovum within the vitelline membrane. 

ll ae ae (epiblz‘ma). Bot. [mod.L., a. 
Gr. émiBAnya that which is thrown over, f. émi 
upon + BdAdew to throw.] (See quot.) 

1870 Bentiey Bot. 48 The roots of plants are invested by 
a modified epidermal tissue to which the term Epiblema has 
been given by Schleiden. 

Epic (e'pik), a. and sé. Also 6-9 epick, 7 
epique, (epik). [ad. L. epicus, a. Gr. émés, f. érros 
word, narrative, song. Cf. Fr. épigue.] 

A. aaj. 

1. Pertaining to that species of poetical compo- 
sition (see Epos), represented typically by the 
Hliad and Odyssey, which celebrates in the form of 
a continuous narrative the achievements of one or 
more heroic personages of history or tradition. 

Lipic dialect : that form of the Greek language in 
which the epic poems were written. 

1589 Purrennam Arte Eng. Poet. (Arb.) 176 Harding a 
Poet Epick or Historicall. 1644 Mitton Educ. (1738) 139 
Teaches what the Laws are of a true Epic Poem. 1666 
Drypen Ann. Mirab., Let. Sir R. Howard, The same 
images serve equally for the Epique Poesie, and for the 
Historique and Panegyrique. 1710 SteeLe Zatler No. 106 
px Three and twenty Descriptions of the Sun-rising that 
might be of great Use to an Epick Poet. 1752 JoHNSON 
Rambler No, 202 ? 6 To be poor, in the epick language, is 
only not to command the wealth of nations. 1819 Byron 
Fuan i. cc, My poem’s Epic, and is meant to be Divided 
in twelve books. 1841-4 Emerson Ess. Poet Wks. (Bohn) 
I. 165 The epic poet .. must drink water out of a wooden 
bowl. 1879 B. Taytor Stud. Germ. Lit. 73 Tennyson has 
endeavored to imitate the old epic simplicity. 

absol. «1637 B. Jonson Discoveries (1641) 132 The best 
masters of the Epick, Homer and Virgil. 

2. Such as is described in epic poetry. 

* 1847 TEennySon Princ. Prol. 219 Some great Princess, six 
feet high, Grand, epic, homicidal. 
B. sd. 

+1. An epic poet. Ods. 

«1637 B. Jonson Horace’s Art Poet (1640) 5 Now to like 
of this, lay that aside, the Epic’s office is. 

2. An epic poem. 

1706 A. Beprorp Temple Mus. ii. 33 One of them was 
the Goddess of Elegies..and another of Epicks. 1789 J. 
Camppet, Eccl. & Lit. Hist. Irel. 170 (T.) He [Mr. 
M’Pherson] brought forward his counterfeit epicks (the 
alleged’ poems of ey 1833 Corerince Tadle-t. 23 Oct., 
The Homeric epic, in which all is purely external and ob- 
jective, and the poe is a mere voice. 1876 Green Short 
Hist. viii, 583 The most popular of all English poems has 
been the Puritan epic of the ‘ Paradise Lost’. : 

b. transf. A composition comparable to an epic 
poem. |. ee i 

The typical epics, the Homeric poems, the Nibelungenlied, 
etc., have often been regarded as embodying a nation’s 
conception of its own past history, or of the events in that 
history which it finds most worthy of remembrance. Hence 
by some writers the phrase ational epic has been applied 
to any imaginative work (whatever its form) which is con- 
sidered to fulfil this function. 

1840 CarLyLe Heroes (1858) 267 Schlegel has a remark 
on his Historical Plays, Hexry Fifth and the others, which 
is worth remembering. He calls them a kind of National 
Epic. 1869 Freeman Vorm. Cong. (1876) 111. xiv. 328 To turn 
from the glowing strains of the Norwegian prose epic. 

3. fig. A story, or series of events, worthy to 
form the subject of an epic. 

1831 Lyrron Godo/fh. |xiii, This starry and weird incident 
in the epic of life’s common career. 1866 Mottry Dutch 
R. Es v1. vii. 898 That life was a noble Christian epic. 

. Epical (epikal), a. [f. prec, +-at.] : 

1. Characteristic of an epic; resembling the style 
or.the subjects proper to epic poetry. 

1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1873) 224 The simple epical ac- 
cumulation of es. 1838 E Addr. Cand. 
Mass, Wks. (Bohn) II. 204 The Hebrew and Greek Scrip- 
tures contain immortal sentences. . But they have no epical 
integrity. 1853 F. W. Newman Odes of Horace 27 The 
rhythm is vigorous and simple, in some sense epical. 
“Mrs. OuipHant Makers Flor. Introd. 14 The great figure 
of the Poet .. and the equally remarkable Preacher .. give 
.a.certain historical and epical form to.the narrative, __ 


287 


2. Of the nature of an epic, or of epic poetry: 
cf. Epic a, 1. 

1845 Maurice Mor. §& Met. Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. I. 
565/1 The Epical poetry of the Hebrews. 1850 BLAcKIE 
At schylus 1. Pref. 32 A high-toned epical narrative. 1882 
A. W. Warp in Macm. Mag. XLVI. 425 A form of poetry 
more elastic than either the epical or the dramatic. ; 

Hence Erpically adv., in an epical manner; in 
the style of an epic poem. 

1863 Athenzum 8 Aug. 176/3 We have seen Milton's 
vision of Eden treated in fond fancy epically .. by a small 
versifier. 1882 Stevenson in Lougm. Mag. 1. 73 Typical 
incidents, epically conceived, fitly embodying a crisis. 

Epicalyx (epike'liks)., Boé. [f. Ept- + Canyx.] 
A whorl of leaf-like organs surrounding the true 
calyx in some plants. 

1870 Bentiey Bot. 221. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 540 In 
Malope trifida..the three parts of the epicalyx represent a 
sub-floral bract with its two stipules. Z 

Epic: (e‘pikarp). Bod. [f. Gr. émi (see Epi-) 
+ap-ds fruit.] In fruits: The outermost layer 
of the pericarp; the peel, rind, or skin. Cf. En- 
DOCARP,. 

1835 Linpey /#trod. Bot. (1848) II. 3 In the apple and 
pear the epicarp is formed by the cuticle of the calyx, in 


- the peach the separable skin is the epicarp. 


Epicay, var. of Epixy, Obs. 

Epicede (e'pisid). arch. 
Anglicized form of EpIceDIuM. 

1549 Bate Ded. of Lelana’s Itin. (T.), His worthy works 
.. with hys epigrams and epicedes. 1613-6 W. Browne 
Brit. Past. 1. v. (1772) 141 To heare the swan sing her oune 
epiced. 1654 Vitvain Zt, Ess. vi. 99 Ausonius made 
many Epiceds. 1848 Blackw. Mag. LXIV. 228 He had 
hastily flattered Richard Cromwell’s brief authority by an 
epicede on Oliver. ; 

Epice‘dial, «. arch. [f. Epicepi-um + -at.] 
Of or pertaining to an epicedium ; elegiac. 

1654 Vitvain Efit, Ess. vi. 50, 2 Epicedial Distichs. 1824 
Cartyte Richter Misc. (1869) 4 Some of them far exceed 
anything we English can exhibit in the epicedial, style. 
1828 — in For, Rev. II. 461 In epicedial language, it may 
be said .. that his country mourned for him. 

Epicedian (epis7-dian), @. and sd. Also 7 
epecedean. [f. as prec. +-AN.] 

A. adj. Elegiac ; funereal. 

1623 CockERAM U. s.v. Soug, A Song sung ere the corse 
bee buried, Epicedian-Songe[ printed Epiodian]. 1881 Lp. 
Lytton in 19th Cent. Nov. 783 Epicedian strains. 

+B. sd. Obs. = Epicepium. 

1606 Marrow & Cuarman Hero & Leander w, The.. 
black-ey’d swans Did sing. .woful epicedians. 1662 ‘TATHAM 
Aqua Trt. 3 Swans are said to sing a little before they die 
..an Epecedean, or Funerall Song. 

+ Epicedion. és. = next. 

1612 J. Taytor (Water P.) Gt. Brit. in Black (1872) 13 
May thy Age never see An Epicedion in sculp’t for thee. 

||Epicedium (epis?-ditm, -sédai-im). P/, epi- 
cedia, -ums. [L. efecédium, a. Gr. émundaov, 
neut. of émxnbSeos pertaining to funeral rites, f. éai 
upon + «950s care, esp. funeral observance.] A 
funeral ode. 

1587 FLeminc Contn. Holinshed 111. 1375/2 In memorie of 
whom (but not as an epicedium, nor yet as an epitaph) these 
verses. .may well be vsed. 1690 TemPLe Ess. Heroic Virtue 
Wks. 1731 I. 214 That Song or Epicedium of Regnor Lad- 
brog. 1 in Puituirs, picedinm, a Funeral Song, or 
Copy of Verses in praise of the Dead. 1828 Cartyte JZisc. 
(1857) I. 163 Epithalamiums, epicediums, by which the 
dream of existence may be..embellished. 1838-9 Hatiam 
Hist. Lit, U1. wm. v. 276 The epicedia or funeral lamenta- 
tions. 31882 Cuitp Eng. §& Sc. Pop. Ballads 1. 33/1 He .. 
whips off his ‘ brother-in-law’s’ head, with this epicedium : 
‘Lie there, thou head, and bleed’. 

Epicene (e'pis/n), a. and sd. Also 6 epysyn, 
7 epicen, 7-9 epiccene. [ad. L. epficanus, a, Gr. 
érixowos, f. émt (see EPI-) + xouvds common.] 

A. adj. 

1. Gram. In Lat. and Gr. grammar, said of 
nouns which, without changing their grammatical 
gender, may denote either sex. Hence (improperly) 
epicene gender, In Eng. grammar the term has 
no proper application, but is loosely used as a 
synonym of common. j 

¢ 1528 Impeachm. Wolsey in Furniv. Ballads fr. MSS. 1. 
356 Wherefor all gendyrs dysconte[nt] be .. The dubyum & 
the epysyn Also, 1612 BrinsLey Pos. Parts (1669) 8 Q. Is 
the Epicene Gender a Gender properly? A. No. 1865 Sat. 
Rev. 25 Mar. 348 ‘ Boy’ of course is to be understood as an 
epicene term. 1880 I. Pitman Argt. agst. Spelling Reform 
4, L use this word [persons] not invidiously, but as of the 
epicene gender. 

quasi-sb. 1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 89 But how 
shall the gender be known in Epicenes? 

2. transf. and fig. (often with humorous allusion 
to 1). a. In humorous uses of the phrase epicene 
gender ; also of persons, their employments, char- 
acters, etc.: Partaking of the characteristics of 
both sexes. 

1601 Br. BArtow Eagle § Body (1609) Bij a, A Prey to the 
Eagles of the Epicene gender, both Hees and Shees. @ 163) 
B. F oeestie Masques (Y.), Of the epicene gender, hees, an 
shees, Amphibion Archy is the chief. 1644-58 CLEVELAND 
Gen. Poems (1677) 87 Her Head is Epicene. x STEELE 
Tatler No, 27 ® 4 All Inamaratoes, or Persons of the Epi- 
cene Gender. 1823 Monthly Rev. CII. 541 The fables con- 
cerning this epicene Pope [Pope Joan]. 1830 CoLeripcE 


Also 7 epiced. 


Let, 26 July, The mysterious epicene relation in which poor | 


EPICHRISTIAN. 


Miss Johnston stood to him. 1876 ‘I. Harpy Hand Ethelb, 
I. 43 What had at first appeared as an epicene shape, the 
decreasing space resolved into a cloaked female. 

b. Adapted to both sexes; worn or inhabited 
by both sexes. 

1624 MippLeton Game at Chess 1. i, Stead of an alb, An 
epicene casible. a@166x FULLER Worthies, Lincolush. u. 
154 The Founder of those Epiccene, and Hermaphrodite 
Convents, wherein Monks and Nuns lived together. 1866 
Howe ts Venet. Life 25 With tatters of epicene linen. 

ec. fig.; often in the sense of ‘ effeminate ’. 

1633 T. Apams E.xf. 2 Peter i. 4 Epicene and bastard 
phrases. @ 1637 B. Jonson Underwoods Wks. (1692) 566 
And in an Epiccene fury can write news. 1863 Mrs. C. 
CiarkE Shaks. Char. vii. 170 In his code of morality we 
have no epicene or doubtful virtues. 1881 Back Sunrise 
28 An epicene creature, a bundle of languid affectations. 

B. sd. One who partakes of the characteristics 


of both sexes. 

1609 B. Jonson (title), Epicene, or The Silent Woman. 
1831 H. Neeve Romance Hist. 1. 227 He has gone to take 
leave of his Epicene. 1873 E. H. Crarke Sex in Educ. 44 
{Arrest of development]. .substitutes .. a wiry .. masculine- 
ness..making her an epicene, 

Hence E'piceni:sm. xonce-wd. 

1850 /rvaser's Mag. XLI. 331 Even Shakspere sometimes 
slides into the temptation which this epicenism [the per- 
formance of female parts by male actors] presents to un- 
licensed wit. 

Epicentral (episentral), a. [f. Gr. énixevrp-os 
(see EpicentRUM, which in sense 2 is the imme- 
diate source) + -AL.] 

1. Situated upon a (vertebral) ‘ centrum’. 
quasi-sb. (see quot.) 

1866 OwEN Anat. I. 43 These ‘scleral’ spines [of fishes] 
are termed, according to the vertebral element they may 
adhere to, ‘epineurals’, ‘ epicentrals’, and ‘epipleurals’.. 
In Esox. .the. .epicentral spines are present. 

2. Of or pertaining to an epicentrum. 

1887 Sctence (U. S. A.) 20 May 495/1 The determination 
of the epicentral tract. - ' 

Epicentre (e'pise:nta1). Anglicized f. next. 

1887 Science (U.S. A.) 20 May 495/1 The distance from 
the epicentre to the point where the rate of decline of the 
intensity is greatest. ; 

|| Epicentrum (episentrim). [mod.Lat., a. Gr. 
énixevrpov, neut. of émixeytpos adj., ‘situate upon 
a centre’, f. émé upon + xévtpov CENTRE.] The 
point over the centre: applied in Seésmology to 
the outbreaking point of earthquake shocks. 

1879 Le Conte Elem. Geol. 100 ‘The point of first emer- 
gence (epicentrum), 1887 Science (U. S. A.) 20 May 495/2 
Along this line there are three points, each of which has all 
the characters of an epicentrum, determined by as many 
distinct shocks, each having a focus of its own. , 

+ Epicera'stic, @. Ols. rare. [ad. Gr. ém- 
Kepaotikds, f. émxepavvvvar to temper, f. émi + Ke- 
pavviva: to mix.] Tempering the acrimony of the 
humours ; emollient. Also as sé. in f/. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vi. 232 An epicerastick 
Vomit may be made of Chicken-broth, etc. /ézd. 1x. 317 
The Vomits must be very gentle and epicerastick, as Warm- 
water, 1721-1800 BaiLtey, Eficerasticks. 1847 in Craic; 
and in mod. Dicts. ' . 

Epicerebral (epise'r/bral), a. 4nat. [f. Evt- 
+ CEREBRAL.] Situated upon the brain. 

LEpicerebral space: ‘ A space said by His to exist 
between the pia mater and the surface of the 
brain’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

|| Epicheirema (e:pikeir7-ma). Also 8 epi- 
chirema. [mod.L., a. Gr. émyetpnya lit. ‘an at- 
tempt’, f. émxerpée to undertake, f. ém upon + 
xetp hand.] (See quots.) 

Aristotle used the word to denote ‘an attempted proof, 
such as is used in Dialectic, being something short of a 
demonstrated conclusion’ (Liddell & Scott); the use defined 
below is due to a misunderstanding of his meaning. 

172i in Battery. 1724 Watts Logic u1. ii. § 6 Epichirema 
is a Syllogism which contains the Proof of the major or 
minor, or both, before it draws the Conclusion, 1837-8 
Sir W. Hamitton Logic xix, (1866) I. 365 A syllogism is now 
vulgarly called an Epicheirema, when to either of the two 
premises, or to both, there is annexed a reason for its sup- 
port, 1870 Jevons Elem. Logic xviii. 155 The peculiar 
name Epicheirema is given to a syllogism when either 
premise is proved or supported by a reason implying the 
existence of an imperfectly expressed prosyllogism. 

Epichile (e'pikoil). Zot. [ad. mod.L. epichi- 
lium, f. Gr. émi upon+xetdos lip, rim.] ‘The 
upper half of the lid of an orchid, when that organ 
is once jointed or strangulated’ (Zyveas. Bot.). 

Epichlorhydrin, -chlorite: see Eri- pref. 

Epichordal (epik1dal), a. Anat. [f. Ert-+ 
CHorD+-AL.] Situated upon or about the inter- 
cranial part of the notochord: applied to certain 
segments of the brain. 

Epichorial (epikée'rial), @. [f. Gr. émyxapi-os 
in or of the country (f. ém + xépa country) + 
-AL.] Proper or peculiar to a particular country 
or district. ; 

1840 De Quincey Mod. Superstition Wks. U1, 334 The 
local or epichorial superstitions from every district -o 
Europe. 1842 Blackw. Mag. LII. 159. This adornment is 
quite epichorial 3, We never saw it out of the Veronese. 

Epichristian (epikri-styin), a. rare. [f. Eri- 
_+ CHRISTIAN a.] Pertaining to the age not long 


after Christ. (App. invented by De Quincey, who 


Also 


EPICISM. 


explains that he uses it ‘ of all agencies that be- 


longed to the primary movements of Christianit ity’) 
1840 De Quincey Essenes Wks. 1x. 268 During the w! 

of this noviciate for Christianity, and, i = fact, throughout the 

whole Epichristian era, etc. 1860 G 20 June, The 

loss of the epichristian Hindu Hieebatene, no less than that 


of still greater antiquity, has been very considerable. 
(e‘pisiz’m). rare. ac: Epic + -IsM.] 
The mental habit characteristic of the epic poet. 


FE T. Sinccarr eae 166 But the lyricism and the 
balance of epicism in his nature saved 

(e‘pisist). [f. Eric + -1st.] A writer 
of epic poetry. 

isp Kisosuav A, Smith & A. Pope Misc. I. 272 As the 

epicists and Virgil copied Homer; as all succeeding 

Latin epicists copied Virgil. 1878 T. SivcLatr Mount 60 
His placing of Cervantes as the greatest epicist. 

Epiclinal (epikleinal), a. Bot. [f. Gr. éni 
(see Epr-) + xAiv-n couch + -AL.] ‘Placed upon 
the disk or receptacle of a flower’ (77eas. Bot.). 

Epicly (e"pikli), adv. rare. [f. Epic a. + -Ly¥2.] 
In an epic manner or style ; EPICALLY. 

1831 Blackw. Mag. XXX. 480 Poems in which are pic- 
tured and narrated, epicly, national characters and events. 
1839 /did. XLVI. 121 It had been sung . . lyrically, narra: 
tively, dramatically, and epicly. 

Epicele (e‘piszl). [f. Epi-~+Gr. «oiA-ia the 
cavity of the belly.] (See quot. and ATRIUM.) 

Hence Epicelous a., having an epiccele. 

1877 Huxiey Anat. Inv, An. xi. 636 In the Tunica 
the atrium is a kind of ‘ perivisceral cavity’, which is form: 
by an invagination of the ectoderm, in w’ ich case it may be 
termed an epiccele. 

Epicolic (epikplik), a. Anat. [f. Ept-+ Gr. 
wddov Coton. Cf. F. épicoligue.] Of or pertain- 
ing to the region of the body which is over, or in 
the course of, the colon. 

Epicondyle (epikgndail). Avat. [a. Fr. épi- 
condyle (mod.L. epicondylus), formed by Chaussier 
¢ 1820: see Epi- and ConDyYLE. 

As Chaussier applied the name condyle to what is now 
called the ‘radial head’ of the humerus, eficondyle meant 
‘the process situated above the condyle’.] 

Moe external condyle of the humerus. 

-9 Topp Cyct. Anat. II. 161 It [7. e. the process] should 
ee esignated epicondyle. 1840 G. Extis Anat. 304 Semi- 
flex the elbow joint, and the prominences of the external 
or epicondyle on the outer side, and of the internal condyle 
or epitrochlea on the inner, will be rendered evident. 

Epicoracoid (epikgrakoid), @. and sé, [f. 
Epi- + Coracor.] 

A. adj. The designation of a bone, or pair of 
bones, found in reptiles, etc., and forming a con- 
tinuation of the coracoid. B. 5d. The epi- 
coracoid bone. 

1839-47 Topp Cycl. Anat. III. 377/1 The epicoracoids .. 
are wanting in the bird. 1873! Muvart Elem. Anat. iv. 158 
An additional flat bone placed in front of the inner end of 
the coracoid called the epicoracoid. 1875 Biake Zool. 78 
The clavicle is single, and, unlike that in the Monotremata, 
is not associated with an epicoracoid bone. 

Epicoracoidal (epikg:rakoi-dal), 
+-AL.] = prec. 

1871 Huxtey Anat. Vert. 256 [In Crocodilia] the pectoral 
arch has no clavicle, and the coracoid has no distinct epi- 
coracoidal element. 

Epicorolline (epikorplin, -ain), a. Bot. [f. 
Epi- + COROLLA+-INE.] Inserted in or upon the 
= 

=" icotyl (epikgtil). Bor. [f. Epi-+ Gr. xorva-n : 

OTYLEDON.] (See quot.) 

“880 C. & F. Darwin phn Pé fi The stem imme- 

le 


diately above the cotyledons will be called the epicotyl or 
"Epicotylea Bot. [f.E 
picotyle'donary, 2. Sor. PI- + Cory- 
LEDON + -ARY.] Situated immediately above the 
cotyledons. 
er Bower & Scorr De Bary’s Phaner, & Ferns 246 The 
bundles of the trace of the first epicotyledonary leaves insert 
themselves on the cotyledonary bundles at or close below 
the cotyledonary node. 
Epicranial (epikré'nial), a. Anat. [f. Epr- 
CRANI-UM + -AL.] Pertaining to the epicranium. 
Epicranial suture: in insects (see quot. 1888). 
1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 774% Epicranial Lymphatics. 
They are distributed on all sides beneath the skin of the 
cranium. Topp & Bowman Phys. Anat. I, 67 Three 
muscles .. arising from the epicranial aponeurosis. 1888 
Routeston & Jackson Anim, Life 140 Its dorsal surface 
or Epicranium is convex, and is marked by a Y-shaped epi- 


in suture, 

E:picra‘nidal, «. Obs. rare. [f Gr. tne 
kpavis, émxpavid-os the membrane of the cerebellum 
(see EptcrANIUM).] Belonging to or situated in 
the cerebellum. 


1684 tr. Ag 's Van. Artes lii, 135 Eratistratus [places 
the Soul] in Fine eptoranidal Mem! eons, 


|| Epicranium (epikréi-nidm). Anaz. [mod.L., 
f. Gr. éwi (see Ept-) pean CRANIUM.) ot that 
overlies the cranium or skull; the scalp. 
b. In insects ; The upper surface of the head. 
IE [see EPicraniA) 


Obs. Med. od.L. 
a: pg a rermigs s. Med. [m apicriisit, 2. 


ts, £. émuxpa-, émxepavvivar; see 


a. [f. prec. 


CERASTIO.] 


238 


hing per ronlar Mi ei oh the 
oh : King David's Ve I me 
eo ull! Phy aor Dos 's Vow 290 fighens a case 


it, 
idhearion to bring ter temperature. 

(e"p’ ip bay toa be Also 6 epecur. [perh. 
an appellative use of Zpicure (cf. Fr. Lpicure, It. 
Epicuro), ad. L, Zpiciirus (as pr. name now used 
in Lat. form), a. Gr. ’Enixovpos, the name of an 
Athenian a Bl ¢300 B.c. It may, however, 
be ad. Sa ae at =L. eficiiréus) Epicurean, 


f. Epictirus; cf. Vergyle, Ovyde, ad. L. Vergilius, 
Ovidius. See Ermcunee, Epicury. - c 
It does not waa icure as a common noun was 


ever current in Fr. ; instance (pl. epic , in sense 
2) is cited by Godet fan the Tresor of Brunetto Latino 
(13th c.), who in an identical e in one of his Italian 
works uses eficuri. The Italian lexicograph lexicographers, however, 
suggest that the form eficuri, both in this case and in the 
two or three instances of 14-15th c. in which it is used for 
Bop rotor , is a scribal error for the more usual epicure 
icurii.) 

“+L A disciple or follower of Epicurus ; = Ept- 
CUREAN B, 1. a. A philosopher of the school of 
Epicurus. Ods. 

he distinctive doctrines of Epicurus were, 1. That the 
highest good is pleasure, which S identified with the prac- 
tice of virtue. 2. That the gods do not concern themselves 
at all with men’s affairs. 3. That the external world re- 
sulted from a fortuitous concourse of atoms. 

(1548 R. Hutten Sux of Divin. R vb, To confyrme oure 
myndes against Epicures opinions. 1589 Coorer Admon. 
118 The schoole of Epicure, and the eists, is mightily 
increased in these dayes.] 1547 Bautpwin Mor. Philos. 20a, 
Scholers of every secte became Epicures, but none of the 

picures me of other sectes. 1599 Davies /mmort. 
Soud (1876) 1. 26 Epicures make them swarmes of atomies. 
1627-77 FectHam Resolves 1. |xii. 96, I care not for the 
— Stoic, there is a Sect between him and the Epicure. 

Fretcuer Wks. (1795) I. 70 Unrenewed Man has ima- 
pol with the Epicure, a careless God. 
+b. doosely. One who disbelieves in the divine 
government of the world, and in a future life ; one 
who recognizes no religious motives for conduct. 
of ts Jove Exp. Dan. xii. [xi.] 222 He describeth the furye 
e Epicures..euen to contempne the ver god. | 1549 1549 
Carman Serm, bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 54 Or leue (as 
y. Epecurs do) that after this life ther is neither hel nor 

eauen. 1633 G. Hersert ches, ag Ch. Porch x, Were 1 
an Epicure, I could bate swearing. 1691 Woop A¢h, Oxon. 
I. 819 A professed unpreaching picure and Arminian. 

+2. One who gives himself up to sensual plea- 
sure, ae Me eating ; a glutton, sybarite. 

1565 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xlv. 498 He marvelled why 
Pedy should call him epicure [because he did not 
— 1575 T. Rocers Sec. Coming Christ 12/2 Least hap- 

by possessing much they. "fal into ryotousnesse, an 

come Epicures. 1605 Suaxs. Macé. v. iii. 8 Then fly, 
false Thanes, And mingle with the English Epicures, 1675 
Tranerne Chr. Ethics App. 573 An epicure 1s for his wine 
or women or feasts continually. 1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat. 


a 


ie thal Sa ha en ie a 


EPICURISH. 


6 epicureane, Bb eg [f. L. —- late 
L. epicitrius (ad. Gr. émxobvpeos, f. Enixoupos Epi- 
om) ane Cf. Fr. Zpicurien.] 
BG , Of or pertaining pertaining to Epicurus, or to Vy bers 
hi 
meine ied ieee vast Sake 
being an Epictian icuri: 


MippLeton Cicero III. xu. (1742) That 

Epicurean life, his private ease a ILL Usilit, 

ii. i sx Thee 5s no ce y of life which 
does not assign to thi of the i +.a much 


higher value as slicontep than to those of mere segsation. 
2. Devoted to ie ory of pleasure ; hence, 

luxurious, sensual, Now chiefly : De- 

voted to refined pel pee tasteful sensuous ee te 
1641 Mitton CA. Discipl. u. (ten 66 So Pomen Soe 


Palace Kitchins, and oe =o 
curean paunches, wi Boone re 
tuous, and Wise wii sheer 
Latter-d. Pamph. vi. oe 192 pg Py inno an earnest Na- 
tion, but a light epicurean one. 1868 Tennyson Lucretius 
215 cea, Tag mar the sober majesties Of settled, sweet, 
Epicurean 

b. Suited to the taste of an epicure. 

1606 Suaks. Ant. & CZ. 11. i. ——— Cookes, Sharpen 
with cloylesse sawce his Appe' 

B. sb. 1. A disciple of of Epicarss; one who holds 
views similar to his. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xiv. § 9 Velleius the Epicurian 
needed not to have asked, why God should have adorned 
the heavens with stars. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) 
IV. 101 He ma‘ ena po the Epicurean, that God is an 
idle, unactive Berxecey Adciph. ww. § 16 The 
very Epicureans low the being of gi 1855 R. 
VauGuan Mystics (1860) I. 60 The Epicureans and the 
Stoics..came forward to supply that moral wan! 

2. One who makes pleasure the chek object of 
his life. 

1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 236 Symon Preas- 
toun..a _— stu pica a . Smrtu Sed. Disc. i. 25 
Those icureans have. nothing the mere 
husks ar fleshly e to feed 


Scorr Tali: Mf vol : a hr nll ns 
TT 45m. X, © was a juptt an 
1866 MotTLey Dutch i Rep. ul. i, 131 Ahorde 

es in 


of een ange gg 
telling beads and 
Epicureanism (c: ~pikiusy “aniz’m). [f. Eenov- 
REAN + -ISM. 4 
= The philosophical system of Epicurus, 
Bouincsroxe Ess. ies Reason (R.), He that 
Fos take all his of... from Balbus. 


(1852) I. 270 Nobody was less of an epicure than Epicurus 
himself. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 154 The poultry 
kind may be considered as sensual epicures, so) solaly governed 
by their appetites. 

3. (The current sense.) One who cultivates a 
refined taste for the pleasures of the table; one 
who is choice and dainty in eating and —— 

1586 T. B. tr. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) I. 210 Let 
us. .forsake the discipline and life of Epicures, and beware 
= our pallate .. be not moore sensible than our hart. 

a 1639 W. WHATELEY Prototypes 1. xxxiv. (1646) 165 Such 
an epicure was Potiphar .. to please his tooth and pamper 
his flesh with delicacies. 1662 StiLLincrL. Orig. Sacr. ui. 
i. §18 More sweetness in knowledge, than the little Epicure, 
the Bee, tasts in his choicest flowers. 1756-82 J. Warton 
Ess. Pope 11, x. 130 Our author himself was a great Epicure. 
1814 Scorr Wav. xxix, As an epicure protracts, by si ping 
slowly, the enjoyment of a delicious beverage. 1872 
Growth Comm. 6x Lucullus, a more refined epicure. 

b. Cn ira 


who Moet in all the luxury of 
a, daa ot Homes Poet Le yes) 
nea ig an epicure in words, 
attrib. and Comb. 
ae Aieoatien (Arb. 7° Democles .. spent his 
time -like in all kinde of pleasures. 1593 NasHe 
Christ’s T. 8 b, as one of Rome's Epicure Em 
1661 Pepys Diary 3 May, The exceeding unmannerly and 
icure-like palate of Mr. Creed. 1852 Dickens Bleak /. 
vi, L have the epicure-like feeling. 
+ Evpicure, v. Ovs. rare. [f. prec. sb.] érans. 
To indulge as an epicure ; - Ae -arkie . 3 also, 
To epicure it = to play the ep 
eee Fettnam Resolves 1. sige Te ihe It [the bedyl seed 
complain of loathing and alee he soul if it 
did ever epicure itself in jo 1655 ory Vist, ino ii. 
§ 48 They did Epicure it ‘ie dally 00 
+ Epicure‘al, epicurial, «. (ds. [f. L. epi- 
ciiré-us, epictiri-us (see next), + -AL.] 
a. Characteristic of the Epicurean ees hilosophy. 
». pagan of a votary of sensual! 
Braprorp = i ‘ake from us a. 
critics and epicureal hearts. x Harincton Ord. Fur. 30 
note, Epicuriall and ile life” lifes “x 


our epicures of feeli ng 


ia he ster bee 
673). 1 ed in is neeorone picui 
pane r621 Rea aaa Anat. wi ll. v. I. v, But these 


ere Epicureall tenents, tending to locesnesss of life, 1630 


1829 I. — Enthus. iv. (1867) 78 The modern Stoic (or 
re the i) 1 part of E 


2. Adherence to - principles of Epicurus, or 
to what are commonl 7, understood as such ; hence, 
devotion to a life of ease, pleasure, and. luxury. 
Also transf. 


1847 Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) I. That pensive epi- 
caress which gives so wt apt lcm g np 

Macavu.ay Orit. . IV. 250 His dislike of the 
Postens. -Sprang, not from igot , but from Epicureanism. 


1872 Minto Eng. Lit. u. x. 611 lis literary epicureanism 


(or rather gluttony). 
Epicure v. nonce-wd. [f. EPIcuREAN 
+-IZE.) trans, To render epicurean or pleasure- 
loving. 


x Hams Cuceur(ehe oho Taser nn ease 
827 _ 59) 3 


enervate epicureanize men 
+ Epicuree. Obs. In 4,6 p2 epicureis, -ees. 
See also Eproury. ‘[ad. L. epzciiré-us (see Eptou- 
; = Epicurean B. 1. 


Ww Acts Forsothe Epicureis and 
sWrcin diaputiien -- with hin. agyg Covannais dd 
Certayne Pi of y* Epicurees & Stoikes. 
+E , adv. Obs. rare—*, [f. Eptcure 
+-Ly4.] After the manner of an epicure ; luxu- 
nae 
tT cone Stuffe (1871) 109 His horses. .are pro- 
ber 
‘reous, -ious, 2. Obs. [f. L. epicitré- 
pe late L. ¢, epictirius +-0US,] = EPICUREAN a. 
sg63 Baus ¢ Levine Obed. Prt A pe Geuble-Giced 
Glove, Chances of Couent Lichefelde. 
hoice, Chance, 5G Oe eee fk eghaioes 
humor, made praise of a goose pie. 


oration 

1615 Hieron Wee IL phe That epicureous 

- ..‘ Let vs eate and drinke, for to morrow we die’, 

icurial, -an: see EPICUREAL, -AN. 

+ Epicw'rical, a. Ods. rare. [f. Erroun-us + 
os = EPICUREAN @. 

jg hed vm, 5: James 144 S. James (had to do] 
‘E E 


tie . a. rare. ia — +-IsH.] Of 
nature icure ; 
BALE Vocaa erin er at, (ah seek 


mainteined 
prestes. 160% yee Dar Peek Bek = This is 


EPICURISM. 


Epicurish securitie. a 1623 W. Pemste Salomon'’s Recant. 
(a628) 14 Brutish, sensual and epicurish, 

Hence Epicu‘rishly adv. 

1834 Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXXV, 1004 Gluttonously 
or epicurishly inclined. 

Epicurism (e'pikiuri:z’m), Also 6~7 epicu- 
risme, 7-8 epicureism. [Two formations: (1) f. 
Lpictirus, after mod.L. type Zpiciirismus; cf. Fr. 
Lpicurisme (perh. the immediate source), It., Sp. 


Epicurismo, (2) f. EPICURE +-ISM. 
the sb. epicure long continued to be used with 
distinct i of its ion with the name of the 


ope, the two formations cannot be accurately dis- 
tinguished exc. in recent examples. The accentuation 
shown above belongs properly to the second formation 
(sense 3); in the now rare sense x most persons would prob. 
Say eficu’rism (as in Johnson). Bailey (1736) places the 
accent on 2nd syllable, as app. in Shaks. Lear. iv. 165 ; cf. 
the verse quots. s.v. Eptcurize. The 17-18th c. epicureism 
is perh. strictly f. L. epiciré-us: cf. Ger. epikurdismus.] 

1, The philosophical system of Epicurus; doc- 
trines regarded as analogous to that system; at- 
tachment to such opinions. Now vare; more 
commonly EpicuREANISM. 

1575 Futke Confut. Doct. Purgatory (1577) 444 Epicu- 
reisme and Saduceisme is more common at Rowe then 
Christianitye. @ 1593 H. Smitn Arrow agst. Atheists (1622) 
49 There seemeth small difference betweene Epicurisme, 
Atheisme, and Mahometisme. 1862 Merivate Rom. Emp. 
(1865) VI. liii. 327 They had resigned themselves to Epi- 
curism. .or had cultvated Stoicism. ; 

+2. Practical conformity to the (supposed) prin- 
ciples of Epicurus; the pursuit of pleasure ; sen- 
suality. Ods. 

1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 20 Not the notes of Nobilitie, 
but the marks of Epicurisme, and companions to effemi- 
nacie. 1605 SHaKs. Leart. iv. 265 Epicurisme and Lust 
Make it [our Court] more like a Tauerne, or a Brothell 
Than a grac’d Pallace. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. 138 
Nothing but meer Sensuality and Epicurism. 1775 BuRKE 
Corr. (1844) II. 18 This general affection to religion. , will 
make a common cause against Epicurism. 

+b. Excess in eating; gluttony. Ods. 

1586 Cocan Haven Health ccxii. (1612) 190 That Epi- 
curisme, which is too much vsed in England, and especially 
of Merchants. .to sit eating..for the space of three or four 
hours, _16r3 MippLeton Triumphs of Truth, First then I 
banish from this Feast of Joy, All Excesse, Epicurisme, 
both which destroy The Healths of Soule and Body. 1614 
T. Avams Devil's Banquet 291 Poysoning to Italie, Drun- 
kennesse to Germanie, Epicurisme to England. 

8. The disposition and habits of an epicure ; 
cultivated taste in the pleasures of the table. 

a 1619 Fotuersy A+theom. 1. (1622) 116 Yea, and euen 
Salomon obserueth the same kind of Epicurisme. 1665 
Perrys Diary (1879) III. 226 Captain Cocke, for whose 
Epicurisme a dish of partridges was sent for, 1752 JOHNSON 
Rambler No, 206 ® 13 He is venerated by the professors 
of epicurism, as the only man who understands the niceties 
of cookery. 1823 Lams £//a (1860) 130 The heats of epi- 
curism put out the gentle flame of devotion. 1830 M. 
Donovan Dom. Econ, 1. 197 The epicurism of consumers 
of malt liquors. 

b. transf. ce Epicure 3 b.) 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist. u. ii. § 18 But such is the epi- 
curism of modern times to addulce all words to the ear 
that, etc. 1661 Perys Diary 23 Sept., I never did pass a 
night with more epicurism of sleep. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. 
Ethics App. 573 A vertuous man is..more prone to celestial 
epicurisme, if 7 may so speak, than all the world besides, 
1860 Smites Sel//-Help x. 272 Much of our reading is but 
the indulgence of a sort of literary epicurism. 

+Epicurist. Olds. [f. Epicur-us + -1st.] = 
EPICUREAN sd, 

1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God 729 Were not the Epi- 
curists in great accoumpt at Athens. 

+ Epicurity. Ods. rare. [f. Ertcure +-1ry.] 
Luxurious living ; sensual indulgence. 

1575 Fenton Gold, Epist. (1577) 26 The houses of good 
knights ought to bee as schooles of instruction to youth, and 
not Tauerns to professe epicuritie. did. 41. 

+ Epicurize, v. Ods. [f. Epicur-us (or Ept- 
CURE) + -IZE; cf, late L. epzciirizdre (5th c.).] 

1. intr, To profess or practise the doctrine of 
Epicurus ; esf. to live luxuriously. 

162r Burton Anat, Mel. Democr. (1676) 35/2 Let them 
tyrannize, epicurize, oppress, luxuriate, consume themselves 
with factions, etc. @ 1688 [see Epicurizinc £7. a). 

2. To play the epicure; to feast daintily or 
luxuriously, Const. oz, Also fig. 

1634 Brereton Trav. (1844) 18 The English burgomaister 
.-was also epicurizing at this time, as the day before at 
Scedam. 1672 Marvett Reh. Transp, 84 That Fellow .. 
we upon burning Coals. 1678 Cupworru /nte/?. 

yyst. 1. v. 8 These evil Demons therefore did as it were 
deliciate and epicurize in them. 

ig. 1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. v. xvii. 426 Spending 
them [men’s lives] by degrees and epicurizing on their pain. 
«1688 T. Frarman tr. Ovid's Ep. Laod. to Prot. 19 My 
ly Eyes epicuriz’d on thine. a@xgrrx Ken Edmund 

‘oet. Wks, 1721 II, 269 He and th’ infernal Powers epi- 
curis’d, That Tobroc murder’d was while unbaptis’d, 

Hence E:picuri:zing vé/. sb. and fi. a. 

1652 GauLe Magastrom. 4 Let it .. be interpreted .. of 
their epicurizing, or their sacrificing to the stars. a 1688 
Cupwortu Sev. 87 (T.) Epicurizing philosophy, Antino- 
mian liberty, 

+ Evpicury, ¢. Obs. rare—'. [ad. late L. epicit- 
vt-us ( =epicuréus), f. Epiciir-us.]=EPIcuREAN a. 

{ex430 Piler. Lyf Man. m. x1. (1869) 156 Who ben, quod 
j, Epicurie? It ben, quod she, a folk that of here persede 


239 


sak maken a god.} 1848 Jove x4. Dan. xii. [xi.]222 Seinge 
this epicury godles furye be so horrible a sinne agayenst 
gods highe maiesty. ‘ Tid. 222 b, These epicurye opinions. 

Epicycle (e‘pissik’l), ss. Forms: (4 episicle, 
5 epicikle, epycikle), 6-7 epicicle, (7 epycycle), 
7-epicycle. [ad. L. epzcyclus, a. Gr. émixudos, 
f. éré upon + ebeXos circle.] 

1. A small circle, having its centre on the cir- 
cumference of a greater circle. Chiefly Astron. 

In the Ptolemaic system of astronomy each of the ‘seven 
planets’ was supposed to revolve in an epicycle, the centre 
of which moved along a greater circle called a deferent. 
This conception, though superseded as a physical explana- 
tion, describes with approximate correctness the relative 
motion of a planet when the earth is assumed as fixed ; and 
it is therefore still occasionally used for this purpose by 
modern astronomers. 

¢ 1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 35 The Moone Moeuyth the 
contrarie from othere planetes as in hire Episicle. 1413 
Lyne. Pilgr. Sow/le v.1. (1859) 70 In the circumference of 
eueriche of these cercles, was sette a lytel Cercle..which 
Cercle is cleped of Astronomyens the Epicikle. 1561 EpEn 
Arte of Nauig. 1. xx. 22. 1571 Campion Hist. Jred, u. vii. 
(1633) 97 The sun .. standing still in his epicycle the space 
of three hours. 1613 M. Riptey Magn, Bodies 41 The 
needle..doth turne himselfe twise about, and make two 
whole circles, or epicicles in this voyage. 1670 WaLLIs in 
Phil. Trans. V. 2070 The Earth describes a small Epicycle 
about the Common Center of Gravity of the Earth and 
Moon, 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 194 Such..as still 
maintained, that the Earth was Immovable, made Mercury 
and Venus move in Epicycles round the Sun. 1860 GEN, 
P. Tuompson Audi Alt, IIL. exxii. 68 Copernicus or whoever 
- scattered the cycles and epicycles which had gone before, 

Jig. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 6, I love to.. 
follow the great wheele of the Church, by which I move, 
not reserving any proper poles or motion from the epicycle 
of my owne brain. 1831 CartyLe Sart. Res. (1858) 157 
What infinitely larger Cycle (of causes) our little Epicycle 
revolves on. 5 

2. In mod. Astron. sometimes used for: The 
curve described by a planet moving in an epicycle, 
z.e. its geocentric path. 

1854 MosEtey Astron. liv. (ed. 4) 170 The path of the 
planet. .will be a curve, called an Epicycle accurately. 

+ Evpicycle, v. Obs. rare—1. [f. prec. sb.] 
trans. To cause to move in an epicycle. 

1652 Bentowes 7heofh. vu. xli, Thy Law.. Does epicycle 
their obliquely gliding Cars. 

Epicyclic (episiklik), a [f prec.+-1c.] Of 
or pertaining to epicycles. Lficyclic train: one 
in which the axes of the wheels revolve around 
a common centre, 

1837 Wuewe t //ist, Induct. Sc. ut. iv. §2 1. 197 The 
supposition of uniform circular motions, on which the epi- 
cyclic hypothesis proceeds. 1878 Newcoms Pof. Astron, 
Introd. 5 The theory of the epicyclic motions of the planets. 
1881 Procror Poetry Astron. viii. 277 Those points of its 
[the moon’s] epicyclic orbit about the earth where it is at 
its nearest to us. 

Hence Epicy‘clical a. = Epricyctic. 

1837 WHeEweELt /7ist. Induct. Sc. 1. iv. § 6 I. 217 The epi- 
cyclical theory. 1854 MosELey Astron. liv. 170 With respect 
to Venus, an analogous Epicyclical path. .will be found. 

Epicycloid (epissikloid), [f. Epicycnm + 
-o1D.] A curve generated by a point in the cir- 
cumference of a moveable circle, which revolves on 
that of a fixed circle; in accurate phraseology the 
term is now limited to the case in which the move- 
able circle rolls on the exterior of the other (for- 
merly exterior epicycloid); the name hyfocycloid 
being employed for what was formerly called the 
interior epicycloid. 

¢ 1790 Imison Sch. Art 1. 36. 1816 J. SmitH Panorama 
Se. § Art 1. 356 The acting faces of the leaves of the 
pinion should ie parts of an interior epicycloid..and the 
acting surfaces of the teeth of the wheel should be portions 
of an exterior epicycloid. 1884 F. Brirren Watch & Clockm. 
289 The action should be confined as nearly as possible to 
the epicycloid onthe wheel, 

Epicycloidal (e:pissikloi‘dal), @. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] Of the form or nature of an epicycloid. 

1812 WoopHouseE Astron. xvi. 172 The true pole. .will de- 
scribe an epicycloidal curve. 1837 WHEWELL Hist. Induct. 
Se. ut. iv. § 3 I. 205 The epicycloidal form of her orbit. 
1884 F. Britten Watch §& Clockm. 292 The pinion. .must 
have the epicycloidal addendum to secure proper action. 

Epideictic, -ktic (epidsiktik), a2. Also 8 
epidictie, [ad. Gr. émdenrin-ds, f. eri + Secxvivar 
to show.] Adapted for display or show-off; 
chiefly of set orations. Hence Epidei‘ctical a. 

1790 V. Knox Winter Even.(ed.2) 11.197 Eloquence of that 
kind, which the ancient rhetoricians denominated the 
epidictic. 1795 Charac. in Ann. Reg. 20/1 Philosophic 
dialogues and epideiktic orations. 1874 Farrar Christ 
(ed. 2) II. xxxv, He would not work any epideictic miracle 
at their bidding. 

+Epidemial, 2. Obs. [a. OF. epidemial, f. 
épidémie (see EPIDEMY).] = EPIDEMIC a. A. 1. 

1607 Dekker Kunts. Conjur. (1842) 76 Barbarisme was now 
growne to be an epidemiall disease. 1627 Br. WRrEN Ser. 
7 The Epidemiall prophanation of our times. a 1641 Br, 

ountaGu Acts §& Mon, (1642) 184 To cure diseases epide- 
miall. 1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp.94. 1809 PEARSON 
in Phil. Trans. XCIX. 317 That very common and exten- 
sively epidemial di of our cli the winter cough. 
4 Epidemian, a. Obs. rare. [f. Epripemy + 
-AN.] = prec. 

1599 T. M[ourer] Si2kwormes 56 That strange and Epi- 
demian sweate, 


EPIDEMIOGRAPHIST. 


: pileaie (epidemik), @. and sd. [ad. Fr. 
épidémique, £. épidémie (see EPIDEMY).] 
A. adj. 

1. Of a disease: ‘ Prevalent among a people or 
a community at a special time, and produced by 
some special causes not generally present in the 
affected locality’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1603 Lopcre 7reat. Plague B ij b, Epidemick..common 
vnto all people, or to the moste part of them. 1622 Bacon 
Hen. VII. 6 It was conceived not to be an epidemick 
disease, but to proceed from a malignity in the constitution 
of the air. 1783 Cowper Lett, 29 Sept., The epidemic fever 
.-has prevailed much in this part of the kingdom. 1798 
Ma tuus Popul, (1817) II. 123 The endemic and epidemic 
diseases in Scotland fall chiefly, as is usual, on the poor. 
1871 TyNDALL Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) II. xii. 280 Reproductive 
parasitic life is at the root of epidemic disease. 

Jig. 1642 Vind. King p. iii, The Epidemicke trouble of our 
age. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. v. i. 1921 Contagious Fury 
And Epidemick Madness. 1823 Scotr Peveril xxxv, In- 
fluenced with. .the epidemic terror of an imaginary danger. 
1868 M. Patrison Academ. Org. § 5. 133 The mania for prize 
scholarships, then epidemic, infected the curators. 

4] nonce-use. Affected with an epidemic. 

1781 Cowper Conversation 391 We next enquire..Of 
epidemic throats. 

+2. In more extended sense : Wide-spread, widely 
prevalent, universal. Ods. 

1643 Mitton Divorce 11. xiv. (1851) 97 A toleration of epi- 
demick whordom. 1667 WaternousE Fire Lond. 110 That 
Epidemique mercy that he hath obliged all by. a 1745 
Swirt Wes. (1841) II. 222 The trade of universal stealing is 
not so epidemic there as with us. 

| 3. ? That is a product of a particular region; 
cf. EPICHORIAL. Ods. 

1634 Sir T. Herpert Trav. 150 They have Arack or 
Usquebagh, distilled from Dates or Rice, both which are 
Epidemick, in their mirth and Festivals. 

B. sb. An epidemic disease. 

1799 Med. Frnt, II. 468 He observed the variolous epi- 
demic among a flock of sheep. 1861 FLor. NIGHTINGALE 
Nursing ii. 11 There are schools .. where ‘ children’s 
epidemics’ are unknown. 

Jig. 1757 Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. u. ii. Wks. (1812) 267 
An epidemick of despair. 1856 Sir B. Bropir Psychol. Ing. 
I, i. 26 There are epidemics of opinion as well as of disease. 

Epidemical (epide'mikal), a. Also 7 epi- 
dimicall. [f. prec. + -a.] 

1. Of diseases ; of an epidemic character. 

162x Burton Avzat. Mel. Democr. (1676) 35/1 Cure us 
of our Epidemical diseases. 1669 Woruipce Syst. Agric. 
(1681) 297 Still and quiet Summers being the most. .subject 
to Pestilential and Epidemical Diseases. 1728 MorGan 
Algiers I. iv.98 Their [camels’] epidemical Distemper is the 
Mange. x75 Phil. Trans. XLVII. Ixiii. 385 The plague 
..has been mostly sporadic, seldom epidemical. 1816 F. H. 
Naytor //ist. Germany 11, xxii. 316 An epidemical malady 
had raged among the cattle. 1881. Sat. Rev. 5 Feb. 172 Colds 
were epidemical ; there were choruses of coughing. 

Jig. a 1640 Jackson Ws. IL. 380 This hypocrisie. .epidemi- 
cal to this nation. c 1680 in Somers Tracts II. 321 Let such 
a Prince beware of epidemical Discontents. 1720 WELTON 
Sug, Son of God 1. vi. 107 Those Vices, which are most 
prevalent and epidemical in the World. 1780 Cowper Lett. 
5 Oct., That bashful and awkward restraint, so epidemical 
among the youth of our country. 1818 HaLtam Mid. Ages 
(1872) I. 35 Every means was used to excite an epidemical 
frenzy. ; i . 

b. Pertaining to, characterized by an epidemic 
or epidemics. 

1798 Mattuus Popw7, (1817) II. 186 The common epidemi- 
cal years which are interspersed throughout these tables. 

+ 2. General, prevalent, universal; that is to be 
found everywhere ; =Epripemic A. 2. arch. or Obs. 

1628 Pym Sf. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 600Wedded to 
the love ofepidemical and popular errors. @ 1658 CLEVELAND 
Rebel Scot iii, Scotland’s a Nation Epidemical. 1774 J. 
Bryant Mythol. 1, 131 He had great knowledge; yet could 
not help giving way to this epidemical weakness. 1836 
Sparks Biog., Mather VI. vii. 329 Contrary to the epi- 
demical expectation of the country. 

+ b. xonce-use. ? Belonging to the whole people. 

1642 Howe. For. Trav. (Arb.) 76 That great Epidemi- 
call Counsell [Parliament] wherein every one from the Peere 
to the Plebeian hath an inclusive Vote. | ; 

3. quasi-sé. £2. rare—'. Epidemical diseases. 

1802 Med. ¥rn/. VIII. 28: What candour and ability in 
his History of Epidemicals ! Fe ° 

Hence Epide'mically adv., in an epidemic man- 
ner: a. like an epidemic disease; b. in a wide- 
spread manner, generally, universally. Epi- 
de‘micalness, the state of being epidemic. 

1641 Frogs of Esygt 2 They were heretofore so Epidemi- 
cally strict, 1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind, 29 The 
disease was epidemically malignant. a@ 169r BoyLe Wks. 
VI. 372 An ingredient should be generally friendly, before 
it be entertained epidemically in our daily diet. 1845 
Srocqurter Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 380 Cholera and 
small-pox generally make their appearance epidemically 
once or twice a year. 1646 W. Price Mans Delinguencie 
4 The Epidemicalnesse and spreading universality [of ini- 
quities and trespasses). 

Epidemicity (e:pidémi'siti). [f. Eemrmic + 
-Iry.] The quality of being epidemic. 

1880 Sir J. Fayrer in Nature XXI. 229/1 Not..that our 
enquiries should be restricted to mere epidemicity alone. 

Epidemiographist (e:pidimipgrafist). [f. 
next +-IsT.] A writer on epidemiography. 

1885 C. Creicuton tr. Hirsch’s Handbk. Geog. & Hist. 
Pathol. I. 140 Its everyday occurrence .. weakened the. 
interest of the epidemiographists towards it. 


EPIDEMIOGRAPHY. 


Epidemiography (e:pid?mi,pgrafi). [f. Gr. 
émdnuio-s + ~ypagia writing.] A treaties upon, or 
history of, epidemic diseases, 


Epide iological (epid#miolg'dzikal), a. [f. 
m10. epidz:miolg'dz' a. 

as next+-I0+-AL.] Of or pertaining to epide- 
miology. Hence Epidemiolo'gically adv., in an 


188: M. Knapp Disasters 23 This is a new etiologi 

for epidemiological societies to consid myer! 
1 Aug. 183 The pathological, and epidemiological ideas that 
were Current, 188a Coppoip in Linn. Sec. XVI. 187 


g- - 
eat (epidi:mi,p lédzist). [f. next 
+-Ist.] One who studies epidemic diseases. 


es », toes 
1 Aug. 181 An outbreak which epidemiologists have always 
been unable to explain, ees net aie 

Epidemiology (epid#:mi,g'l6dzi). [f. Gr. ém- 
dhwuo-s epidemic + -Aoyia discoursing (see -LOGY). 
Cf. Fr. &idémiologie.| That branch of medical 
science which treats of epidemics. 

1873 J. P. Parkin (titde), gage oy ° or the Remoter 
Causes of Epidemic Diseases, 1883 ortn. Rev. 1 Aug. 
176 It is just here the student of epidemiology comes in wit 
his ‘ Distinguo’. 

+Epidemy. 0s. Forms: 5 epi-, epydemye, 
impe-, ipydymye, ipedemye, 8 epidemy. 
[a. OF. ypidime, impidemie, Fr. lemie, ad. 
late L. epidemia, epidimia, Gr. émbnyia prevalence 
of an epidemic, f. émdnui-os, f. émi + Sjpos people.] 
An epidemic disease, esp. the plague. Also aftrid. 

1472 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 703 III. 59 Many 
off the sowders that went to hym into Bretayne been dede 
off the fflyxe, andother ipedemye. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 
22/1 A grete pestelence whiche was called the botch of im- 
pedymye. 1494 Fasyan v. cxxxv. 121 In the yere folowyng 
dyed of the epedemye sikenesse, the holy abbesse of Ely. 
Jbid. v1. 612 And there also they dyed sore of y® sykenesse 
of ipydymye. 1809 State Paper in Ann, Reg. 853/2 How- 
ever this destructive epidemy originated. 1809 Pearson in 
Phil. Trans. XCIX. 321 That constant epidemy of the 
British islands, the winter chronical pneumonia. . 

Jig. 1813 Examiner 15 Feb. 103/1 We discover this wither- 
ing epidemy. 

Epidendral (epide‘ndral), 2. Bor. [f. Ept-+ 
Gr. 5év5p-ov tree+-AL.] That grows upon trees. 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 838 Aérial roots of epidendral 
Ont 

Epidendric (epidendrik), 2. Bot. [f. as prec. 
+-Ic.] = prec. 

1880 A. R.Wattace /sl. Life 307 Epidendric orchids. 
1885 H. O. Forses Nat. Wand. vi. iii. 463 The epidermis 
of an epidendric orchid. 

= roigeton (e‘pidsum). [ad. F. épiderme, ad. 
mod.L, epidermis, epiderma.] = EPIDERMIS in its 
various senses. 

1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 349/t An intermediate layer 
of unhardened epiderm. 1845 Linpiey Sch. Bot. x. (1858) 
163 Leaves are expansions of bark..enclosed in a skin or 
epiderm. 1887 BLackmore Springhaven (ed. 4) II. xvi, 226 

e would not have imperilled the gloss of his epiderm. 

|| Epide-rma. O¢s. [mod.L. epiderma; see 
prec.] = EPIDERMIS. 

1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav. m1. xxxviii. 54 Many tymes 
moste of them doe chaunge that subtill skinne called of the 
Doctours Epiderma. : 

Epidermal (epids-1mil), a. [f. Errperm + 
-AL.] Of or pertaining to the epidermis, whether 


in animals or plants. 

1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) II. 385 Its usual plan is 
to insinuate itself between the epidermal membranes of the 
leaf. 1835 LinpLey /xtrod. Bot. (1848) 1. 146 The last cyto- 
blasts which the epidermal tissue forms. 1854 Owen in 
Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 6/2 The thick epidermal scutes called 
‘tortoise-shell’, wart Elem, Anat. vii. 238 Snakes 
cast off the entire epidermal investment at once, 


ermatoid (epidsumatoid), @. [f. as 
next +-oID.] Resembling an epidermis. 
In mod. Dicts. 
Epidermatous (epids-imites), a. [f. Ept- + 


Gr, deppar-, stem of deppa skin+-oUs.] Pertain- 
ing to the epidermis. 

1 Ye Mosetey Astron. iv. (ed. 4) 24 That train of epider- 
matous calamities. 

Epidermeous (epids-sm/s), a. [f. Ermer 
+-(B)oUS.] = EpmpERMIo. 

In mod. Dicts. E 

Epidermic (e:pids-mik), a. [f. EprpeRM +-10; 
cf. F. épidermigue.] Of or pertaining to the epi- 
dermis ; of the nature of an epidermis. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 54 Some physiologists still 
pe the horny or epidermic sub the primiti 
bres. 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II. 127/1 In the Trema- 
tode worms epidermic spines are seldom developed. 1872 
Huxtey Phys. i. 9 The razor ought only to cut epidermic 
structures, 

+ Epidermical (epids-mmikal), a. Ods. [f. as 

rec. +-AL.] =prec. Hence Bpide'rmically adv., 

y the epidermic method ; by means of the epi- 
dermis ; upon the outer skin. 

1693 J. Beaumont On Burnet's Th. Earth u.79 Any Dis- 
solution of such a — Epidermical covering. 1852 
Fraser's Mag. XLVI. 93 To ye on a fillet of the raw 


fish epidermically. 1854 Bapnam Halieut. 459 By apply- 
ing it epidermically. 


240 

Epidermidal (epids-1midal), a, [f. Gr. ém- 
fe, stem of émbdepyis +-aL.] = EPIDERMAL. 

n mod. 

Bpliews (epidé-umis). [a. mod.L. A 
a. Gr. sagen: 1 On wee + ‘pya skin, 

1. Anat. outer (non-vascular) layer of the 
skin of animals; the cuticle or scarf-skin. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § They never infect, but by 
Son ply wr ain el within iain Tike ii - 

LWER 1 remain 
until their Faces have recovered a new Epi is. nae 
Gotpsmitu Nat. Hist, (1862) 1. xi. 215 The blackness 
in the epi is, or scarf-skin, 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. 
Chem. (1814) 57 The epidermis is not vascular, and it merel 
defends the interior parts from injury. 1842 Barnam Ingol. 
Leg., St. Medard, \t fail’d. .to raise on the sep wee 
alumpor bump! 1860 Emerson Cond. Li ( )IL. 
311 Asquint, a “nose, mats of hair, the pigment of the 
epidermis, betray c! er. 

transf. oo Lerrcn tr. Miller's Anc. Art § 310. 353 The 
epidermis of the ancient statues is formed of the smearing 
with wax. 1819 Syp. Smirx Wés. (1859) I. 260/2 The epi- 
dermis of the country has ly as yet been scratched. 

b. = EcroprrM or Eprprast. 

1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. An. i. 55 From the epidermis all 
cuticular and cellular exoskeletal parts, and all the integu- 
mentary glands are developed. ; 

2. Conch. The outer animal integument of a shell. 

1785 Gentl. Mag. XXV. 32 Epidermis, the marine cover- 
ing, or incrustation, which is taken off to shew the native 
beauty of the shell. 1828 Starx Elem. Nat. Hist.1. 110 
Shell..with a wrinkled brown or chestnut epidermis, and 
glossy white within. 1858 Geixie Hist. Boulder v. 9t The 
perfect shell. .displayed its russet epidermis. 

3. Bot. ‘The true skin of a plant below the cuticle’ 
(Treas. Bot.). 

1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 178 Wheat, oats, and 
many of the hollow grasses, have an epidermis principally 
of siliceous earth. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § iv. 89. 
1870 Bentiey Bot. 37 Tabular parenchyma is found in the 
epidermis. : 

pidermoid (epids-moid), a. [f. EpIpERM 
+-01D.J] Of the nature of epidermis. 

1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1. 385/1 A cuticular or epidermoid 
covering cannot be detected in health. 1853 Kane Grinnel/ 
Exp. xxx. (1856) 263 A clean screen between my epidermoid 
and seal-skin integuments. 1876 Gross Dis. Bladder 48 
Epithelial hyperplasm, with epidermoid transformation. 

ence E:pidermoi‘dal a. = prec. 

1830 Linpey Nat. Syst. Bot.290 Translucent cellular plants, 
destitute of stomata, having no epidermoidal layer. 1876 tr. 
Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 466 On this border the epidermoidal 
layer extends and divides, becoming, as it were, a 

pidermose (e:pidaimde's). Chem. [f. Epi- 
DERM + -OSE.] (See quot.) 

1847-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 1V. 166/2 A small quantity of in- 
Bn matter [in the epidermis] which a teased 
calls epidermose. 


+ E:pidiate’ssaron. J/usic. Obs. [f. Gr. éni 
upon + diarecodpow the interval of a fourth.] 
(See quot.) 

1597 Morey /utrod. Mus. 98 This waye, some terme a 
Fuge in epidiatessaron, that is in the fourth above. 

pidictic, obs. form of EPmpEIcrTio. 

Epididymal (epidi-dimal), a. [f. next + -a.] 
Pertaining to the epididymis. 

a 1693 Urquiart Radelais mi. xxxii. 274 The Epididymal 
Store-house of Man. ss 

Epididymis (epidi-dimis). Anat. Also 7 
epididimis, -damies. [a. Gr. émd:dupis, f. ent 
upon + di5vpor testicles.] ‘A long, narrow struc- 
ture attached to the posterior border of the ad- 
joining outer surface of the testicle, and consisting 
chiefly of coils of the efferent duct, which emerge 
from it as the vas deferens’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1610 B. Jonson A/ch, 111. iii, Shee must milke his Epididi- 
ng eoaen is the Doxie? a 1652 Brome Court Beggar ww. 
iii, To save his Epididamies. 7 Tucker Lt. Nat. 1. 
480 Animalcules, . being never found, unless in the cellules 
producing them, in the epididymis, the vas deferens and the 
vesicles. 1870 Rotteston Anim, Life 134 A convoluted 
i pelo e mass of a yellowish colour. 

ence E:pididymi-tis, Path. [see -1718], inflam- 
mation of the epididymis. 

1849-52 Topp Cyc/. Anat. IV. 991/1 A lad .. affected with 
epididymitis. 1874 Buren Dis. Cenit, Org. 63 In this way 
epididymitis may sometimes be averted. 

Bpidiorite: see Err. profit. 

Epidote (e‘pidost). Ain. [a. Fr. épidote, f. as 
if on Gr. *émbords, f. émd:5évai to superadd, f. ent 
upon + ddéva: to give. 

irst used in Fr. by Haiiy, who explains it as meaning lit. 
‘qui a regu un accroissement’ (Minéradogie 1801. III. 112), 
and as d ing a great additional length in the base of the 
tal as compared with that of certain allied minerals 
with which it was previously confused. } 

A mineral common in many crystalline rocks, 
— largely of the silicate of iron and lime. 
It usually takes the form of flattened needles, 
and has a peculiar yellowish-green colour. 

1808 T. ALLAN Minerals 2 Akanticone or Thallite, Epidote, 
1879 Rutiey Study Rocks x. 127 Epidote seldom gives 
> ge of its derivation from pyroxenic minera’ 


Hence Epidoctic a., pertaining to or resem- 
bling epidote, containing epidote. ‘ 
ferous a., bearing or containing epidote. 


1849 Dana Geol, (1850) 565 The granitic and epidotic veins. 
wee”, — Man. Geol. 76 me epidotic gneiss. 1884 Harfer’s 
Mag. 159/2 Veins of .. epidotiferous quartz. 


EPIGENETIC. 
Epigezous, variant of Err oe oe ass 
+ Epiga'ster. Obs. fad. Fr. igastre] = 
EPiIGasTRIUM. > 


53653, Unounanr Rabelais 1. xxvii, A smart souse on the 
4 (epige'strial), a. [f. Eprcasrri- 

UM+- 7 Reales 

= fa AMPBELL Lexifh. (ed. 4) 130 Get me _a feather, 

that I may. .resuscitate the convulsive motion of his epigas- 


trial regions. 

~ mea (epige'strik), a. [f. Epicasrr- 

Of or pertaining tae enfemet um. Lpigastric 
ponies. | ree. 


= prec. 

Hart Arraignm. Ur, ii. 4 The eight epigastricall 
muscles. 1650 Bu-wer Anthrofomet. onthe congress of 
the Mamillaries descendent, with the Epigastrical as- 


cendent. 

i (epigzestrios7:1). Path. [f. 
Gr. émvydorpio-s + xnAn tumour.] An abdominal 
hernia near the epigastrium. 


ll Bpigastriam (epige'stridm). Amat. [mod. 
L., ad. Gr. émyaorpwr, neut. of émydorpios, f, éni 
upon +-yaornp stomach. Cf. F. épigastre.] ‘That 
part of the abdomen which is immediately over 
the stomach’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

x68: tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Epigastrium, 
the same with abdomen, or the outward part of the belly. 
1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds I. 375 The upper part of 
Abdomen is called Epigastrium. 1877 Roserts Handbk, 
Med. (ed. 3) I. 41 Ice..may be usefully applied to. .the 


chest or epigastrium. 
i eal (epidg7-al). [f. Gr. éméyeso-s: see next 

+ -AL.] =EPIGEOUS. In mod, Dicts. 

Epigee (e"pidg7)._ [ad. Gr. éwi-yecov (Ptolemy), 
neut. of éniyeos adj. f. émi upon, near to + 7H 
earth.] = PERIGEE. In mod. Dicts. 

Epigene (e‘pidzm), a. [a. Fr. dpigene, ad, 
Gr. émyerys, f. él upon, after + ~yerqs born, ori- 
ginating. 

The Gr. word occurs with sense ‘arising subsequently (to 
birth)’, said of a disease, in opposition to ‘congenital’. 
This use seems to be the source of sense 1; in sense 2 the 
prefix is taken as=‘ upon’, ‘above ’.] 

l. Crystallogr. See quot. 1823. By some writers 
used for pseudomorphous. 

1823 H. J. Brooxe /ntrod. Crystallogr. 93 To one class of 
these [crystals] the Abbé Haiiy has cones h 
Epigene, where a chemical alteration has taken place in the 
substance of the crystal subsequently to its formation. 1851 
Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. 2nd Pref. p. xiii, The epigene 

,, formed by ials of one sub delled on 


the crystals of another. 
2. Geol. Produced on the surface of the earth: 
op to hypo; 


— Text-bk. Geol, m. 1. 


brought into existence (by successive accretions), 
and not merely developed, in the process of repro~ 
d 


theory was formerly known as the ‘ theory 
# i = biguity of this name, it is 
chiefly as the ‘ theory of preformation ’, some- 
times as that of ‘ * or * emboli e 

1807 Edin. Rev. X18: The Epigenesis..is what most 
physiologists now assume as the only true theory of genera- 
tion. 1831 Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 68 The two styles of 
con ponded to the two theories of generation 
—one (Johnson's) to the theory 


tion) (Burke’s) to the theory of Epiger 8 
Lewes Hist, Philos. (1867) Proleg. § 3 Wit! as wi 
Body, there is not tion or pre-existence, but evo- 
yall ms genesis. Wa ——— Evol. Man “ 
ii. riedrich +. Wil is new Theory o! 
Epigenesis gave the death-blow $0 the entire Theory of 


formation. 
Hence Epige’nesist, one who holds the theory 
of epig enesis. 5 
1816 Keir Phys. Bot. 11. 364 This is the theory of the 
enesists. 
“Bpigenetic ge oa a. [f. EPIGENESIS, 
on the analogy of Grnetio.] Of or pertaining. 
to, or of the nature of, epigenesis. 
1883 W. Arruur Fernley Lect. 160 E; 


Mind Oct. 629 He .. contends 
istinguished from an evolutionary 


vilisation. 
“tically adv. 


Hence 


EPIGENIC. 


Epigenic (epidgenik), a. [f. Gr. émyev-7s 
(see Eprcenr) + -1c.] Originating above the sur- 
face of the earth. 

1882 A thenzum 28 Oct. 566/3 Great changes which are 
being wrought upon the surface of the earth..partly by 
epi nic forces working from above. 

pigenist (‘pidzfnist). [f. Gr. ni + -yev- (see 
EPIGENESIS) + -IST.] = EPIGENESIST. 

1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. § Darw. 45 The vehement dis- 
pute. . between Evolutionists and Epigenists. 

Epigenous (/pi'dz7nas),a. Lot. [f.as prec. + 
-0us.] ‘Growing upon the surface of a part, as 
many fungals on the surface of leaves’ (77eas. 
Bot. 1866). 

ag a henge (epidgz-as), a. Bot. [f. Gr. émi-yet-os 
(f. €mi upon + yf earth) + -ous.] Of plants: Grow- 
ing close upon the earth. 
3s Linpiey /ztrod. Bot. (1848) II. 380. 1866 Treas. 

‘ot. 

+Evpiglot. Ods. [cf. OF. efigote.] Angli- 
cized form of EPIGLortis. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health ccxxvi. 77 The longes, the 
midryffe, the arter trache, the Epiglote. 1578 BanisTER 
Hist. Manu. 39 The Epiglot..ought of right to be Gristely, 
that it might without hurt admitte continuall mouying. 
1594 T. B. tr. La Primaud, Fr. Acad, 1. 107 Another 
little instrument, called epiglot. .like to a little tongue. 

Epiglottic (epigiptik), a. [f. Epra.ori-1s + 
-1c.] Of or pertaining to the epiglottis. 

1887 Pall Mall G. 11 Nov. 7/1 Cdematous swelling of 
the arytzeno-epiglottic folds. 1888 Sir M. Mackenzir Freak. 
the Noble 23, 1 found the left ary[teno]-epiglottic fold..a 
good deal congested. 2 ; 

Epiglottidean (e:piglpti‘déin), a. [f. mod.L. 
epiglottide-us (f. Gr. émyAwr75-, stem of émyAwrris 
EPIGLOTTIS) + -AN.] = Eprciorric. 

1840 G. Extis Anat. 268 A mass of yellowish fat, named 
the epiglottidean gland. 1844 J. WiLkrnson tr, Szweden- 
borg’s Anim. Kingd. Il. ii. 39 There are also glands termed 
arytenoid and epiglottidean. 

Epiglottis (epiglyttis). [a. Gr. émydwrtis, f. 
éni upon + yA@rra (yA@ooa) tongue ; cf. GLoTTIS.] 
‘ The erect, leaf-like cartilage at the root of the 
tongue, which during the act of swallowing is de- 
pressed, and forms a lid, or cover for the glottis’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 971 The cauity giues way to 
the Epiglottis to open and lift it selfe vp. 1646 Sir T. 
Browne Pseud. Ep. (ed. 2) 169 Birds have no Epiglottis. 
1746 R. apd Introd, Moufet’s Health Impr. 4 The Ali- 
ment to be swallowed presses upon the Epiglottis. 1847 
Youatr Horse ix. 217 The Epiglottis is a heart-shaped 
cartilage. 1884 BrisrowE Med. 389 Such swelling..may 
affect mainly the epiglottis. 

Epigone ! (e‘pigon). vare. [In pl. a. Fr. éf7- 
gones, ad. L. epigoni, a. Gr. éiyovot, pl. of éni- 
yovos born afterwards, f. éi upon, after + ~yovos, 
f. root of yiyvec@a to be born. 

The designation ot éréyovor (L. Epigon7) was applied esp. 
to the sons of the seven heroes who led the war against 
Thebes; the mod. use is in allusion to this.] ‘ ‘ 

One of a succeeding generation. Chiefly in //. 
the less distinguished successors of an illustrious 
generation. Also in L, form (chiefly with initial 
capital) Epi-goni. 

1865 A thenxum No. 1989. 799/1 Epigones in the land of 
Erasmus. 1884 R. T. Ery Pol. Econ. 9 That economic 
system which the epigones in political economy contem- 
plate with awe. 

Epigone? (e'pigown). Bot. [ad. mod.L. efi- 
gonium, f. Gr. émi upon +-yovn, yévos seed.] The 
membranous bag or flask which encloses the 
spore-case of a liverwort or scale-moss when 
young. Also the nucule of a Chara. 

1866 in Treas. Bot. 1870 BentLEy Bot. 367 The case of 
the archegonium is called the epigone. 

Epigram (e'pigrem). Also 6-7 epigramme, 
(6 epigrame, 7 epigramm). [ad. F. Yigramme, 
ad. L. epigramma, Gr. éniypappa, f. émiypaper, f. 
émi upon + ypipev to write.] 

+1. Aninscription, usually in verse ; = EPIGRAPHI. 

1552 Hutort, Zpigrame or superscription, 1567 DRant 
Horace’ Epist.1. vii. Diij, Led by pompe wyth Sergeaunts 
sad the Og je eee to graue. 1606 Hottanp Sweton. 
Introd. 4 The Epigramme of the former is extant among the 
Antiquities of Rome citie. 1699 BentLey Phal. xviii. 528 
The Epigram, that was written upon the public Sepulchre at 
Athens. 1782 V. Knox ss. I. 264 Inscriptions, for such 
are epigrams according to the original meaning. a 1876 
M. Coxtins in Pex Sketches 1. 246 What the Greeks meant 
by an epigram was simply an inscription, and its primary 
use was funereal. 

2. A short poem ending in a witty or ingenious 
turn of thought, to which the rest of the com- 
position is intended to lead up. 

zr Letanp /tin. VI. 59 If it be so I must amend 
my Epigramme of it. 1607 Torsett Serpents (1653) 756 
Some learned Writers .. have compared a Scorpion to an 
Epigram .. because as the sting of fie Scbtpiun lyeth in the 
tayl, so the force and vertue of an Epigram is in the con- 
clusion. | 1876 Green Short Hist. ix. § 3. 617 Even Ro- 
chester in his merciless epigram was forced to own that 
Charles ‘never said a foolish thing’. 

b. loosely used for a laudatory poem. 

—_ Extacomse Bells of Ch. ix. 493 This epigrame [of date 

1558], ve it Se gited, consists of sixty-four lines in English 
OL. 5 


241 


verse in praise of the said Robert Palmer and his sons, 
and other friends, skilled in ringing changes. 

3. A pointed or antithetical saying. 

be Burke Regic. Peace iv. Wks. 1X. 51 A short, affected, 
pedantick, insolent, theatrick laconism: a sort of epigram 
of contempt. 1884 CuurcH Bacon iii. 60 He liked .. to 
generalise in shrewd and sometimes cynical epigrams. 

b. Epigrammatic expression. 

18.. Lp, Broucuam Dk. Bedford Wks, 1872 I. 393 The 
morbid taste for slander steeped in epigram. 1877 E. Con- 
per Bas. Faith i. 35 Epigram is one thing, definition is 
another, | 

+E’pigram, v. Ods. rave—'. [f. prec. sb.] 
intr, To write an epigram. 

1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1.1xxi. 110 For this, does Martial 
a ep oe it. ‘ 

+ E:pigrammata‘rian. Os. [f. late L. efz- 
grammatari-us (f. epigrammat-; see next) +-AN.] 
A writer of epigrams. 

1597 Br. Hatt Saz¢. 1. ix, Our epigrammatarians, old and 
late, Were wont be blamed for too licentiate. 1607 TorsELL 
Four. Beasts (1673) 485 In the words of an Epigramma- 
tarian in.our age. - ee : 

Epigrammatic (e:pigrime'tik), a. [f. L. 
epigrammat-, Gr. émvypappar-, stem of éniypappa 
(see EPIGRAM) + -10.] Of or pertaining to epigrams; 
of the nature, or in the style, of an epigram; 
concise, pointed. 

a1704 T. Brown Praise of Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 94 An 
epigrammatick poem is more charming than Homer or Virgil. 
1750 H. Watpote Lett. H. Mann (1834) I]. No. 213. 335 
The sting is very epigrammatic. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 
II. 674 Martial, of Spain, the epigrammatic poet. 1817 
Coteripcs Biog. Lit. I. i. 18 The logic of wit, conveyed 
in smooth and strong epigrammatic couplets. 1841-4 EMEr- 
son £ss, xvi. Manners Wks. (Bohn) I. 217 Scott’s .. lords 
brave each other in smart epigrammatic speeches. 1876 
Bancrort Hist. U. S. V. xli. 4 He wrote with vivacity and 
sometimes with epigrammatic terseness. 

Epigrammartical,z. [f.as prec. + -au.]=prec. 

1605 CampEN Rem. (1637) 327 If you will reade carping 
Epigrammaticall verses of a Durham Poet against Ralfe 
the Prior. «1623 —(J.), Our good epigrammatical poet, 
old Godfrey of Winchester. 171x Appison Sfect. No. 74 
P 2 Epigrammatical Turns and Points of Wit. 

Epigrammatically (e:pigrametikali), adv. 
[f. prec.+-Ly2.] In an epigrammatic manner ; 
with the terseness and ‘ point’ befitting an epigram. 

1823 Edin. Rev. XX XVIII. 59 Who makes it almost a 
rule to say every thing epigrammatically. 1837 Dickens 
Pickw. xv, ‘Person’s a waitin’,’ said Sam, epigrammati- 
cally. 1882 J. Hawtnuorne /ort. ool 1, xx, To put it 
epigrammatically —if you were to leave me a thousand 
pounds as a legacy, I would chuck it into the fire, 

Epigrammatism (epigre’matiz’m). [f. L. 
epigrammat- (see EPIGRAMMATIC) + -ISM.] Epi- 
grammatic style. 

1813 Jane Austen Let, 4 Feb. (1870) The playfulness and 
epigrammatism of the general style. @1849 Por /..S. Osgood 
Wks. 1865 III. 95 A rich tint of that epigrammatism for 
which the poetess is noted. 


Epigrammatist (epigremitist). [ad. late 
L. epigrammatist-a, ad. Gr. émvypappariorns, f. 


émypapparicev (see next).] A maker of epigrams.. | 


1589 Puttennam Eng. Poesie 1. xi (Arb.) 41 Others .. in 
short poemes vttered pretie merry conceits, and these men 
were called Epigrammatistes. 1598 Marston Pygmal. 136 
Now by the whyps of Epigramatists, Ile not be lasht for 
my dissembling shifts. 1622 PeacHam Compl. Gentl. x. 
(1634) 89 In Martiall you shall see .. a true Epigrammatist. 
1756-82 J. Warton Ess. Pofe (1782) II. xii. 355 [Donne’s] 
grandfather on the mother’s side was Heywood the epi- 
grammatist. 1814 D’Israrti Quarrels A uth. (1867) 385 This 
familiar comparison of a MS. with a squeezed orange pro- 
voked the epugramiciatists, 1873 Brack Pr. Thule it. 17, I 
shouldn’t advise a young man to marry an epigrammatist. 

Epigrammatize (epigre’mataiz), v.  [ad. 
Gr. énvypapparifer, f. értypappa (see EPIGRAM).] 

1. intr. 'To compose epigrams; to. speak or 
write in the epigrammatic style. 

81x An. Reg. 40 They may pun and epigrammatise. 
1872 Lippon Elem. Relig. vi. 210 Men do not .. epigram- 
matize with the bitterness of Voltaire. 

2. trans. To express in the form of an epigram, 
or with epigrammatic brevity and point. 

1691 Woop Ath. Oxon. 1.125 These answers are Epigram- 
matiz’d by an admired Muse of our Nation. 1864 LoweLi 
Fireside Trav. 318 Voltaire .. epigrammatized the same 
thought when he said, Le superjiu, chose trés-nécessaire. 

3. To make the subject of an epigram. 

1862 THornsury Turner I. 9 Voltaire was epigrammatized 
by Young. 

Hence Epigra‘mmatizer, one who epigram- 
matizes; Epigra‘mmatizing v/. sd. 

1870 LoweLL Study Wind. (1886) 363 He was .. the con- 
denser and epigrammatiser of Bolingbroke. 1872 HinpLey 
in ¥ Taylor's (Water Poet) Wks. p. vii, His poetizing, 
epigrammatizing, and anagrammatizing on passing events. 

| Bpigramme (epigram). Cookery. [Fr.; app. 
a fanciful use of 4sigramme = EpicRaM.] A 
name given to small cutlets of mutton, veal, etc. 
dressed in a particular manner. 

1736 Battey, Epigramme. 1825 T. Lister Granby vii. 
(7836) 40 The very eider-down of eatables! Oh, it was 
quite like eating air! And then, his epigrammes ! 

+ Epigra‘mmical, a. Os. rare. [f. Epr- 
GRAM + -IC +-AL.] = EPIGRAMMATICAL. 

1606 Choice, Chance, &¢. (1881) 66, I wrote a kind of epi- 
grammicall sonnet in this manner, 


EPIGYNOUS. 


+ gk a gk neperrmerie Obs. rare. [f. Eptcram + 
Ist, Cf. It. epigrammista.] = EPIGRAMMATIST. 
21635 NAuNTON de a Reg. (1870) 35 There is an Epi- 
grammist that saith, that Art and Nature had spent their 
excellencies in his fashioning. 

Epigraph (e'pigraf). Also 7 epigraphe. [ad. 
Gr, émvypapy inscription, f. émypapev to write 
upon, f, émi upon + ypapew to write. In Fr. é7- 


graphe.] 

1. An inscription ; esf. one placed upon a build- 
ing, tomb, statue, etc., to indicate its name or 
destination ; a legend on a coin. 

1624 Fisner in White's Repl. Fisher Pref. v, These words 
.. which should serue as an Epigraph vpon all their houses. 
1662 Evetyn Diary (1818) 3 Oct., Dr. Meret .. shew’d me 
.. the statue and epigraph under it of that renowned phy- 
sitian Dr. Harvey. 1697 — Nasvtsm. iii. gg And this Epi- 

raph, Quid me Persequeris. 1794 Sutiivan View Nat. 

. 90 The epigraph on the face, instead of the exurgue, is 
the precise Oriental custom of this day. 1832 THiRLWALL 
in Philol. Mus.1. 495 The epigraph of the thousand citizens 
who fell..at Chazronea. 1866 Reader 28 July 684 The 
oldest Samaritan epigraph now existing, which had been 
found immured in the wall of a mosque. 

+2. The superscription of a letter, book, etc. ; 
also, the imprint on a title-page. Oés. 

1633 T. Apams £xf. 2 Peter i. 1 Our apostle puts in 
two words into the epigraph of this epistle, which he left 
out in the former. 1642 Sir E. Derinc Sf. on Relig. 14 
Dec. v. 20 You shall find it..in the Epigraphe of the 
Canons and Decrees. 1734 Nortu Lxam. uu. vi. § 116. 
503 As he fronts it in the brazen Epigraph of his new Work. 
1812 Monthly Rev. UXVII. 145 Geneva was adopted for 
the epigraph of the title-page. 1826 Soutney Le??. to Butler 
217 He was of opinion that a diviner impulse had led him 
to chuse that epigraph [the title of a book]. 

3. A short quotation or pithy sentence placed 
at the commencement of a work, a chapter, etc. 
to indicate the leading idea or sentiment ; a motto. 

1844 Mrs. Browninc Sonnets from Portuguese xiii, Wks. 
(1869) III. 229 And write me new my future’s epigraph. 
1860 S. Lover Leg. & Stor. (ed. 10) i, The beautiful ballad 
whence the epigraph of this story is quoted. 1874 Lewes 
Probl, Life & Mind J, 123 That phrase which is placed as 
an epigraph to this chapter. 

transf. 1858 CARLYLE Fredk. Gt. 1,111, v.171 The Epigraph 
and Life-motto which John the Steadfast had adopted. 

Epigraph (epigraf), v. [f prec. sb.] “avs. 
To furnish with an epigraph. 

1860 Motiey Netherl, (1867) I. 526 ote, Also a paper 
epigraphed : ‘ Lo que dijo J. B, Piata a Don Juan de India- 
quez,’ 24 June, 1586. 

Epigrapher (‘pigrafo1). 
-ER!,] = EPIGRAPHIST. 

1887 Contemp. Rev. LI. 562 It is a new doctrine that the 
most meritorious field-work will make a man a linguist, an 
epigrapher, and an historian. 

Epigraphic (epigre'fik), a. and sé. [f. Epr- 
GRAPH + -IC.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to inscriptions, or to 
epigraphy. 

1858 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) II. 341 To bring up a loose ana- 
logy of this sort against epigraphic evidenceis simply childish. 
1881 R. Lancranr in Atheneum g Apr. 498/3 Being mostly 
formed of a single letter, they escape an epigraphic recon- 
struction. 1883 I. Taytor Adphadet I. 266 Unsuitable for 
an epigraphic alphabet. : noes 

. sb. In pl, The science of inscriptions. 

In mod, Dicts. 

Hence Epigra‘phical a. = EPIGRAPHIC a. Epi- 
gra‘phically adv., in an epigraphic manner; from 
the point of view of epigraphic science. 

1881 Sayce in A thengvum 13 Aug. 208/3 Skill in reading 
Talmudic literature does not necessarily imply epigraphical 
skill as well. 1884 Athenwum 13 Sept. 344/1 The author 
summed up the existing records .. annalistic, literary, and 
epigraphical. 1884 Christian Treas. Feb. 118/1 This epi- 
graphical silence of the Holy Land. 1883 I. Taytor Ad- 
Phabet 1. 133 Epigraphically of the same age. 

Epigraphist (‘pi-grafist). [f. EprerapH-y + 
-1st.] A student of, or authority on, inscriptions. 

1865 MerivaLe Rom. Emp. VIII. Ixvii. 300 Borghesi, the 
great epigraphist. 1869 J. Batpwin Prek. Nations iv. 170 
Epigraphists .. use a method that is much too convenient, 

Epigraphy (¢pigrafi), [f. EpicraPH; see 
-GRAPHY. ] 

1. Inscriptions collectively. 

1851 D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. tv. ii. 215 Its philo- 
logical features appear to be foreign to Irish epigraphy. 
1877 J. NorrucoTe Catacombs 1. vi. 113 The language ot 
Christian epigraphy was not created in a day. 1882 
Contemp. Rev. Dec. 921 note, The records of epigraphy 
constitute a fair test of the progress of Christianity as far 
as the upper classes are concerned. : : 

2. The science concerned with the interpretation, 
classification, etc. of inscriptions. Often in nar- 


rower sense: The Eivostthe 2 of inscriptions. 


[f. EPIGRAPH-Y + 


1863 Sat. Rev. 18 July 95 The science of epigraphy .. 
seems still, as far as Britain is concerned, to be quite in its 
infancy. 1885 Athenzum No. 2985. 45 Aramaic epigraphy 
has made startling progress in the course of the year. 

Epigynous (‘pidginos), a. Bot, [f. Epi. + 
gyn- (in Bot. used for ‘female organ, pistil’; a. 
Gr. yuv-7) + -0US.] That is placed upon the 
ovary; growing upon the summit of the ovary. 
Said of the stamens or corolla; hence of plants 
in which these are so placed. 

1830 Linptey Wat. Syst. Bot. Introd. xxvii, [The Stamens] 
appear to proceed from the apex of an inferior ovarium, in 


EPIHYAL. 


which case they are named epigynous. 1882 Vines Sachs’ 
Bot. 559 The flower finally is epigynous when it possesses 
an actually inferior ovary. : 

So Epi‘gyny, the character or quality of being 
epigynous. ; E 

Athenzum 10 Dec. 787/3 The shortening of the axis 
within the flower itself, giving the transition from hypogyny 
through perigyny to epigyny. 

(epihoial), a. Anat. [f. Ept-+ Hy- 
(om) +-AL.] That is placed upon the hyoid bone. 
Applied to the upper part of the hyoid arch ; also, 
to a bone found in certain fishes. ae 

1854 Owen Shel. & Teeth (1855) 17 The hamapophysis is 
a broader, slightly arched bone ; the upper division is called 
epihyal. 1880 Gunter Fishes 58 It consists of three seg: 
ments, the epihyal, ceratohyal, which is the longest ne 
strongest piece, etc. 188r Mivarr Cat 78 To the end o' 
this is again annexed another long bone, called the epihyal, 

+Evpiky. Os. Also 6 epicay, -cheia. [ad. 
Gr. émielxesa, f. meres reasonable, f. émi accord- 
ing to + eixés likely, reasonable. Cf. OF. epyeyhkie 
(14th c.).] Reasonableness, equity, as opposed 
to rigid law. — See 

ae teas 7 Penit. Ps. in Wks. 1. 261 Epicheia whiche is 
proprely the mynde of the lawe. 153 Dial. Laws Eng. 1. 
xvi. (1638) 28 is equity or Epicay. 1 Latimer Ser. 
v. Oiiij, For auoydyng disturbaunce in the commune- 
wealth, such an epiky and moderacion maye be vsed in it 
[this law]. h Ae F 

Epilate (e'pilett),v. [f. Fr. pil-er (f. & for es- 
L. ex out +fz/-us hair) +-ATE%.] rans, To pull 
out or eradicate (hair). 

1886 Frazer in WV. & Q. 7th Ser. II. 298/2, I have by epi- 
lating such [white] hairs and stimulating the part succceded 
in, etc, ra 
Epilation (epiléi:fon). [a. Fr. épilation, f. 
épiler (see prec.).] The action of pulling out or 
eradicating hair. 

1878 Dunrinc Dis. Skin 281 Epilation is recommended 
strongly by Hebra and others, 

+Ep ency. Ods. Also 4 epilence, -cye. [ad. 
late L. eprlencta, -lensia, -lempsia, a. Gr. *émAnp- 
yia, var. of émAnyia: see EPILEPSY.]= EPILEPSY. 

[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. x. (1495) 229 Epy- 
lencia lettyth but the pryncypal chambres of the brayne.] 
Ibid, 230 They that haue .. Epylencye thei fele not tofor- 
honde whan they shal falle. /ézd., Pyany born and dronken 
helpith moche ayenst Epylence. (1540 Boorpe The Boke 
Sor to Lerne C ilj b, The fallyng sycknes called Epilencia.] 

+Epile-ntic, 2. Oss. In 4 epulentyk, epy- 
lentyk, 6 epilentycke. [a. OF. efilentic, ad. late 
L. epilenticus, epilemticus, Gr. *émAnpumrixés, var. 
of émAnmrixds : see EPILEPTH.] = EPILEPTIC. 

x Trevisa Barth, De P. R. v. iii. (1495) 106 Lunatyk 
and epulentyk men. 1542 Boorpe Dyefary xxxii. (1870) 
294 Venson, hare-flesshe.. be not good for Epilentycke men. 

quasi-sd. 1 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. x. 270 The 
Epylentyk, that is hym that hathe the fallynge euyll. 

ence + Epilentical, a. = EPILEPTIcaL. 

I Caxton Gold. Leg. 409/3 After this machomete fyl 
ofte A thepylentycal passyon. 
+E ileny. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Gr. émaAnnor 
(uéAos) (song) of the vintage, f. éri+Anvds wine- 
vat.] A song in praise of wine; a drinking song. 

1708 Mottevux Radelais v. xlv, Then she .. made him sing 
an Epileny, inserted in the Figure of the Bottle. 

+ Evpilepse. Ods. rare—'.  [ad. Gr. émaAnypia.] 
= EPILEPSY. 

1804 J. WuitEHouse To Fedris in Poet. Register 92 That 
hideous choir, Marasmus, Epilepse, and Frenzy dire ! 

+ Epile’psian, 2. 0¢s. vare—'. [f. EpInersy 
+-AN.] = EPILEPTIC, 

1627 H. Burton Baiting Pope's Bull 43 So his epilepsian 
or comitial fit, but a trance, wherein he talked with his 
Angel Gabriel. 

Epilepsy (e'pilepsi). Path. Also 6-8 epi- 
lepsie. See also Epitency. [a. OF. efilepsie, 
ad. L. Slee a. Gr. émAnyia, f. émAapBaveav 
to take hold of, f. éri upon + AapBdvew to take.] 
A disease of the nervous system, characterized (in 
its severer forms) by violent paroxysms, in which 
the patient falls to the ground in a state of un- 
consciousness, with general spasm of the muscles, 
and foaming at the mouth. The Eng. name is 
falling sickness (now little used). 

1 Lyte Dodoens FH The same..is good for the 
= lepsie, or falling sicknesse. Suaks. O¢h, tw. i. 51 

y Lord is falne into an Epilepsie ; This is his second Fit. 
1658 J. R. tr. Mouffet's Theat. Ins. 1098 By their smell the 
Epilepsie that ariseth from the strangling of the Mother, is 


discussed. Burke Abridgm. . Hist, Wks, (1812) 
X. 196 The rs was by the oe £8 .. called Morbus 
Sacer, 1843 Lever 


¥. Hinton xxxiv. (1878) 232 His features 
worked like one in a fit of epilepsy. 1850 W. Irvine Ma- 
homed vi, (1853) 32 Some of his adversaries attributed them 
to epilepsy. j 
Epileptic (epile'ptik), a.and sb. Also 7 epi- 
leptique, -ticke. also EPILENrrIo. “ F, 
ileptique, ad. L. epilepticus, a. Gr. émAnnrinds, 
. émAapBavey (see prec.).] 
A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to epilepsy; of 
the nature of eg 
1608 L. Machin Dumbe Knight m1, But lle forestall 
thine Epileptique fits, And by my plots thy destruc- 
tion. 1651 Biccs New Disp, 190 ® so2 The epilepti 
fumes shall come that way out of the my 1794-6 E. 


Darwin or Caualeptic Ki 
of the Ehleptic or kind. 1840 Barnam /; 
Leg., Pass. in Life H. Harris A formidable 


attack. ton Nerv. Dis. 10 
can haaly be nistaen for that of cere! 


lesa oe, 
x Covi Whigs Py saad (1751) 8x Till through his epi- 
leptic mouth Those ae fi 

Burst out. 1806 Med. Frni. «335 In Russia, Denmark, 
and Sweden, millions of children b pileptic from the 
breast. 1875 B. Ricnarpson Dis. Mod. Life 44 In the 
olden times .. to be epileptic or insane was, to be possessed 
of an evil spirit. A 3 

B. sb. 1. An epileptic mn. Cf. A. 2. 
Hosses Leviath. wi. xxxiv. 211 Epileptiques .. 

_ d..D iaques. 1732 ArsutHnot Rules of Diet 
(R), Epilepticks ought to breathe a pure air. 1864 Xeader 
No. 94. 485/1 Epileptics and idiots. A: 

2. In f/. Medicines given to cure or mitigate 
epilepsy. 1721 in BaiLey; and in mod. Dicts. 


eptical (epileptikal), a. [f. as prec. +-aL1.] 

1. = Epieptic A. 1. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iii. 1. i, Headache followes; 
and as Salust Salvianus .. found, epilepticall, with a multi- 
tude of humours in the head. H. More E£xthus. Tri. 
21 That he was Melancholy his Epilepticall fits are one 
argument. 1727 LarpNner Wes. (1838) 1. 487 It was a sad 
epileptical disease, 1819 Byron Fuan un. 1, A kind of wild 
and horrid glee, Half epileptical, and half hysterical. 

2. fig. Spasmodic; inconstant: also, hard to 
hold or retain. . 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. II. vi. § 3. 99 Did they 
answer their promise which are so phandbeh fy in Epilepti- 
call intentions, wee would abate these qualities. 49 
Noble Ord. 9 It is this that makes the state of honour so 
epilepticall, so slippery. ; 

Epileptiform (epile:ptifgim), a. 
LEPTI-C + -FORM.] Resembling epilepsy. 

1861 WynTER Soc. Bees 479 These fits were of an epilepti- 
form character. 1876 BartHotow Mat. Med. (1879) 544 
Epileptiform convulsions is a constant phenomenon in ani- 
mals dled to death, i : 

Epileptoid (epile:ptoid), a. 
-O1D.] esembling epilepsy ; 
epilepsy. 

1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 825 Mild attacks havin; 
an evident relationship to ordinary epilepsy — be call 
epileptoid attacks. 1876 BartHoLow Mat. Med. (1879) 392 

pileptoid seizures, due to tumor or other coarse organic 
lesion of the brain. 


Epilobe (e:piloub). Bot. [ad. mod.L. epzlobium, 


[f Epr- 


ie EPILEPT-IC + 
of the nature of 


f. Gr. éni upon + AoB-ds lobe of the ear, in plants the | 


capsule or pod, the name referring to the position 
of the corolla.]_ A plant of the genus Zpzlobium 


(N.O. Onagracex): e.g. the Epilobium angusti- | 
Also in mod.L. form | 


Solium or Willow-herb. 
epilo‘bium. 

1861 Barnes in Macm. Mag. June 133 The bush, or ditch- 
guarded epilobium. 1864 THoreau Maine W, iii. 167 A 
spike as big as an epilobium, 1883 G. ALLEN in Know- 
ledge 6 July 1/1 The epilobes and the St. John’s worts are 
coming out in blossom again. 

+ Epi‘logate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. Fr. épilog-uer 
+-ATE3.] ¢rans. To speak the epilogue of (a 
play). : 

1652 Urquuart Yewel Wks. (1834) 232/1 Did .. present 
himself to epilogate this his almost extemporanean comedie. 

+ Epiloga‘tion. Ods. In 4-5 epilogacyon, 
sion. [a. OF. epzlogacion, f. epiloguer (see prec.).] 
A summing up by way of conclusion. 

1474 Caxton Chesse iv. viii, The epylogacion and re- 
capytulacion of this book. 1 Ord. Crysten Men (W. 
de W. 1506) 1. xv. 121 Here foloweth the epylogacyon or 
shorte repytycyon of this seconde partye. a at area nd 
Col. Cloute 521 Some make epylogacyon Of hyghe predes- 
t yon. a 1547 T. Key Erasm. Par., Mark (1548) ata, 

y waye of epilogacion and gatheryng of the whole matter 
into a brief summe. 


Epilogic (epilpdgik), a. [f. Epmoa-vr +-10,] 
Pertaining to, or resembling, an epilogue. 

So Epilo‘gical a. In mod. Dicts. 

+ m. Obs. [ad. Gr. émAoyopés f. ém- 
Aoylfec@a of twofold sense and formation @ to 
€oOat 


J 
Hellenists or Gracists .. added what is su) ju to 
these Epilogismes. — Posthuma De Airis 16 ) 196 But 
t ex 

Questio. /éid. 171 It cannot bee but that this E) ilogism 
must tracted from the Hebrew. - 
2. Something said by way of epilogue. 
1671 H. Srusse Reply 47 Had he been such a Proficient 
.. he would never have .. concluded a Discourse of this 
Nature, with this Epil ; 

(#pi'lédzist). [f. Epmoc-un + -1s?.] 
The writer or speaker of an epilogue, 

1716 M. Davies Ath, Brit. 1. Dissert. Drama 5 The 
Prologist and Epilogist {in a certain drama]. 1885 Times 
17 Dec.g The epilogist [to a play) is sometimes our political 
remembrancer. 1887 Curyne Yod § Solomon 234 A warning 
is given to the disciple of the Epilogist ‘to cast away the 
thirst for books’. 


VANCE | 


pllogistic (e:pilodzi-stik), a. [f. +-I0. 
Of the nature of SS etiegun. [f. prec. +-10.] 
@1790 WaRTON * are "ae per (T.), These lines are 
" palinode ¢ . 

iplogice (ipilédgaiz), v. [ad. Gr. mdoyl- 


(ecba, f. émidoyos EPILoGuE.] zntr. a. To serve 
as an epilogue. b. To write or speak an epi- 
logue. c. trans. To put an epilogue to. Hence 


Epilogizing /7/. a. 
1623 Cockeram, Efi 


1681 Cotvi Whigs bos tiger 1751) 120 When 
thumb or hammer of a ‘dock Gives ilogizing stroak. 
Sp. form of next. 


ll ‘logo. Obs. rare". 


1588 Parke tr, Mendoza’s Hist. China 363 It shall 
seeme rather an Epi then a new relation. 
E (e‘pilgg), sb. Also 6 epiloge. [a. F. 


epilogue, ad. L. epil a. Gr. éridoyos the pero- 

ration of a speech, f. iin addition + Adyos ok 

+1. Rhet. The concluding part or peroration o! 
as Obs. 

Bu: Chiron. 48 Commended the and signi- 

Phar. 2, of, this ‘cuaens: ut in Epilogue pret = 


tb. A pera Obs. 

1646 F. Hawkins Youth's Behav. (1663) 24 If any ohe 
come on a suddain whil’st thou st .. it is seemly to 
make a little Epilogue, and brief collection of what thou 
deliverest. : 

2. The concluding part of a literary work; an 
appendix. 

1564 Brief Exam. * * * * * * iiij, Now at are you 
come to the Epiloge (as it were) or full conclusion of your 
worke. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xxxiii. 202 A Preface in 
| the beginning, and an E) popes in the end. pang Bas Phil, 

Trans. XXV. 1610 To thi k he subjoyns an Epilogue, 

Bop ae ag 4 parte Commetes, std oer Distones 
| (ed. 2) I. 191 The epilogue or conclusion e Di e 
has been calticleed. 

transf. 1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind, 230 For an 
epilogue of his Feaver, contracts a nick disease. 
Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 560 The fifth cecumeni 
|! council .. is generally considered as a mere epilogue to the 
\ ra of Chalcedon. 


| 
| 


3. A speech or short poem addressed to the 
pectators by one of the actors after the conclusion 
| of the play. 
| _ 1590 Suaxs. Afids, N. v. i. 362 No Epi ie, I : 
| for your play needs no Pilg 1616 —— & Be Cust 
Country Epil., Why there should be an : 
| I know no cause. 1719 Younc Busiris Epil., 
critics, dull, judicious rogues, To mournfi 
| Epilogues. 1736 J. Warton Ess. Pope (1782) II. viii. 50 
is epilogue to the Tartuffe. Mod. The Epilogue to the 
Westminster Play aj in the Times of to-day. 
trans/f. and fig. pe ny, elope Sol. Recant. x. xiii, Folly 
| brings in se Prologue with his ma one Epi is 
—— and open wrong. cr uURKE W. Hastings le 
| XIV. 204 You have heard ps goth of the drama as I could 
go through. .Mr. Larkins’s letter will be the epilogue to it. 
4. attrib. , 
1 —— Esscare Notes 1. viii. 220 The Hostesse .. 
ran after the logue-speaker. 
Epilogue (e'pilyg), v. [f. prec. sb.] trans, 
To put an epilogue to. 
1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. lix. 261 To epilogue our Tra- 
edie, now Adoniah acts. 1758 Monthly Rev. 621 The whole 
Cee ilogued with a most delectable poem. @ Lams 
Final Mem. viii. 277 Knowles’ play .. epilogued me. 
pa eo Rev. 21 Dec. 705/x Mr. Dobson .. prologues and 
epilogues the selection with charming verses of his own. 
+Epiloguize (/pi'ligeiz), v. Obs. [f. Eptocur 
sb. +-128.] a. intr, To deliver an epilogue, to 
speak as one who is delivering an ont 6 
Cc 


e to a play, 
The race of 
plays deny brisk 


1 and confesse, that, etc. Brome City Wit 
loguise esse, @ 1652 z i 


£ 1950 Student I. 143 (T.), The lah of applause, 
with whi The charming pt of my new acquaint- 


ance was . 
Hence + Epi‘loguizer, one who speaks or writes 


ane ogee. 

“27 J oapLey Epil. to Shaks. 1 Hen. IV, Go to, old 
, ‘tis time that thou art wiser; Thou art not fram’d for 

an ¢ 


+ Eplloi mic, a. Obs.—° [f, Ept-+ Gr. Aou-ds 
ilence + -1c.] ‘Good against the Plague or 
estilence’ (Phillips 1678). 
+ ace, Obs. rare—'. (See quot.) 
1541 R. Cop.anp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The dysease 
of epimace, or apostumes of the rybbes. 
immacus, Her. An alleged synonym of 
Opprnicus, an im beast resembling a griffin. 
1830 in Rosson Brit, Her. Gloss. 1889 in Ervin. 
(epimie'ral), 2. Anat. [f. Epmter- 
on+-aLl.] Of * pene to the e 5 
1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 781/2 A hole pierced in the 
jmernl plece wear to Aum fobuiee 1877 Huxtey 
nat, Inv. An. vi. 317 The line at the epimeral is 
reflected into the pleural membrane. 


quasi-sd, 1852 (See Eristernat 2.) 


EPIMERON. 


|| Epimeron (epimierfn). Anat. Pl. epimera. 
[f. Gr. éri upon + znpés thigh.] That part of the 
lateral wall of a somite of a crustacean which 
is situated between the articulation of the ap- 
pendage and the pleuron. : 

1872 Nicuorson Palzont. 146 The superior arc is com- 
pleted by two lateral pieces .. which are termed the 

epimera’, 1880 Huxtey Cray Fish iv. 143. 

Epimyth (e‘pimip). [ad. Gr. émpd6-10v the 
moral, neut. of émpv6os, f. émi upon + pvOos fable.] 
The moral of a fable or story. 

[1721-1800 BaiLey, Zfpimeythium, the Moral of a Fable.] 
1866 Sat. Rev. 24 Mar. 364 They [certain fables] go upon 
almost ‘total abstinence’ principles as regards moral and 
epimyth. 1869 /éid. 13 Feb. 223 The way of putting it is 
so neat as to require no epimyth. 

Epinastic (epine'stik), @. Bot. [f. Epmvast-y 
+ -10.] Of the nature of, or influenced by, 
epinasty. 

1880 C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 262, So young that 
their epinastic growth .. overpowered every other kind of 
movement. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 857 As long as the 
organ grows most rapidly on the dorsal side, it may be 
termed, after de Vries, hyponastic; afterwards, when it 
grows most rapidly on the inner or upper side, epinastic. 

sy gertnenhc (e‘pinésti). Bot. [f. Epi- + Gr. vaor- 
és (f. vdooew to squeeze close) +-¥3.] (See quot.) 

1880 C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 5 The term epinasty is 
now often used in Germany, and implies that the upper 
surface of an organ grows more quickly than the lower 
surface, and thus causes it to bend downwards. 1882 VINES 
Sachs’ Bot. 859 Geotropism will act in the former in oppo- 
sition to epinasty. 

Epineural (epiniiivral), a. Anat. [f. Epi-+ 
NevrRAu.] Situated upon a neural arch, as a spine 
of a fish’s backbone. Also quasi-sé. 

1866 [see EpicentRAL]. : : ; 

|| Epinglette. [F. éscnglette, dim. of éfingle 
pin.) ‘An iron needle with which the cartridge 
of any large piece of ordnance is pierced before it 
is primed’ (Stocqueler). 

+ Epini-cial, 2. Ods. rare—1. [f. as next + 
-AL1.] = Eprnicran. 

1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry Diss. i. (1840) I. p. xlii. 
note, These [spoils won in battle] were carried in triumph, 
while an epinicial song was chanted. 

Epinician (epini‘sian), z. Also 9 epinikian. 
[f. Epryict-on +-ay.] Celebrating victory. 

1652 Bentowes 7heoph. vi. xlviii, The Laureate King .. 
Warbles This Epinician Canzon to his Lyre. 1850 GroTE 
Greece 1. lv. VIL. 75 note, Alkibiadés obtained from Euri- 
pidés the honour of an epinikian ode, or song of triumph, to 
celebrate this event. 1873 Symonps Gr. Poets v. 120 The 
Epinikian Ode was the most costly and splendid flower in 
the victor’s wreath. : 

Epinicion (epini’sign). Also 7, 9 epinikion, 
7 (in Lat. form) epinicium. f[a. Gr. émvixov 
song of victory, neut. of émvixios adj., f. émi upon 
+ vikn victory.) In Greece, an ode sung in 
honour of a victor in the games; a song of triumph 
generally, 

1613 Day Day’s Dyai/ (1614) 106 That Creed .. is called 
Epinicium by Erasmus, that is, a song of Triumph. a@ 1667 
Jer. Taytor Servm. (1678) 243 An Epinicion, and Song of 
eternal Triumph. 1698 [R. Fercuson] View Eccles. Pref., 
He. .Sung an Epinikion. .too soon over his fancied Achieve- 
ments. 1782 Warton Eng. Rowley’s Poents 69 (T.) A 
triumphal epinicion on Hengist’s massacre. 1816 G. S. 
Faser Orig. Pagan Idol. 1. 349 The sublime epinicion of 
Isaiah. 

+ Epiny:ctal, a. Ods. rare. [f. Gr. émvver-vos 
by night, nightly, f. émi upon + vv, vuerds night + 
-aALl.] Nightly. 

1600 Tourneur Tvansf. Met. Ded., To thee this Epi- 
nyctall register, | ae 

|| Epinyctis (epiniktis). Med. Obs. [mod.L., 
a. Gr. émvueris, f. émi + vvé night.] A pustule, 
or an eruption, which appears only at night. 

1676 R. Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. 1. viii. 44 Epinyctis 
and Terminthus; a couple of angry Pustules affecting the 
Skin in the Arms, Hands, and Thighs. 

Epiotic (epijg'tik), a. Amat. [f. Gr. éni upon 
+ ovs, @T-ds ear + -10,] Situated above the ear ; the 
distinctive epithet of one of the three bones which 
together form the periotic bone. Also quasi-sd. 

1870 Rotieston Anim. Life 44 The uppermost of these, 
a forked bone, [in the perch] suspends the arch to the 
squamosal and epiotic bones. 1878 Bett Gegenbauer’s 
Comp. Anat. 452 The epiotic forms a second piece. 

Epipastic (epipz‘stik), a. and sd. Med. [f. Gr. 
énimaot-os sprinkled over (f. émmdooer, f. émi upon 

+ndocey to sprinkle) +-10. Cf. F. sépastique.] 
8 


. adj. 

1860 Mayne Exp. Lex., Epipastic Silk, a term for vesi- 

catory silk. 
B. sé. A blister or vesicatory. 

1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 44 By plentiful .. Epi- 
pasticks..appease the angry rage of the Spirits. 5 

+ E:pipedo‘metry. Ods.—° [f. Gr. émimed-os 
(£. émi upon + médor the ground), in Geom.=plane, 
superficial + -werpia measurement.] Explained in 
Dicts. as ‘The measurement of figures that stand 
on the same base’. 

Etymologically the word can only mean ‘ measurement of 
plane surfaces’, though some Fr. dicts. explain épipédométrie 
as ‘measurement of solids’: . 3 


243 


1721-1800 in Barry. 1847 in Craic; 


a in Pxiturs. 
and in mod. Dicts. f 

Epiperipheral (e:pipéri-féral), a. [f. Epr-+ 
PERIPHER-Y +-AL1.] (See quot.) 

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. 11. vii. 250 Sensa- 
tions. ,externally initiated or epi-peripheral. 

Epipetalous (epipe'tales), a, Bot. [f. Ept-+ 
PeraL+-ous.] (See quots.) 

1845 Linney Sch. Bot. i. (1858) 15 If [the filaments grow] 
upon the sides of the corolla, they are efipetalous. 1870 
Bent ey Bot. 351 The stamens may be united separately to 
the corolla, when they are said to be epipetalous. 

Epiphanous (/pi‘fanos), a. monce-wd. [f. Gr. 
émpav-ys resplendent + -ous : formed with allusion 
to next.] Resplendent. 

1823 Lams “dia Ser. n. xx. (1865) 373 Twelfth Day..came 
- -all royal, glittering and epiphanous. 

Epiphany ! (‘pi-fani). Zec2, Also 4-7 epy- 
phany(e, epiphanie, (4 the pyffanie=th’ epy- 
ffanie). [a. OF. epiphanie = Pr., It. efcfania, 
ad. late L. efzphanza neut. pl. (but often used as 
fem. sing.), a. late Gr. émpama (neut. pl. of adj. 
*émipavios), f. émupaivey to manifest, f. émi to + 
palvew to show.] 

The festival commemorating the manifestation of 
Christ to the Gentiles in the persons of the Magi ; 
observed on Jan. 6th, the 12th day after Christmas. 

a@1310 in Wright Lyric P. 96 The thridde joie of that 
levedy, That men clepeth the Epyphany. 1389 Eng. Gild 
45 Pe thred shal bene b® soneday aftir p* fest of Epiphanie. 
13.. /bid. 103 Y® sunday nest aftere the pyffanye. c1410 
Love Bonavent. Mirr. viii. (ed. Pynson) C vj, Of the Epy- 
phanye to saye the open shewynge of oure lorde Jhesus. 
1549 Bk. Com. Pr. xixb, The firste Sonday after the Epi- 
phanye. 1661 UssHEer Power Princes 1. (1683) 225 The 
sixth day of January, which we call the Epiphany. 1782 
Prikstiey Corrupt. Chr. II. vi. 133 The Epiphany .. is 
observed in the East. 

attrib. c1480 Life St. Cuthb. (Castle Howard MS.) 1747 
Pan come pe Epiphany day. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. 
u. v. 183 The morning after Epiphany day. 1884 A. J. 
Butter Coptic Churches Egyft \.i.22 The large Epiphany 
tank. .forms a regular part of a Coptic church. 

b. transf. 

1647 CrAsHaw Poewzs 166 May the great time in you still 
greater be, While all the year is your Epiphany. 

Epiphany ? (‘pifani). [ad. Gr. émpdveca mani- 
festation, striking appearance, esf. an appearance 
of a divinity (in N. T. applied to the advent or 
‘appearing’ of Christ), f. émepayns manifest, con- 
spicuous, related to émaivew : see prec.] 

1. A manifestation or appearance of some divine 
or superhuman being. 

@ 1667 Jer. Taytor Serw. III. ix. (R.), Him. .they beheld 
transfigured, and in a glorious epiphany on the mount. 
1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles II. m1. 193 The Grecians in com- 
memoration of these epiphanies or apparitions of their gods 
instituted certain Festival-dayes. 1826 E. Irvine Babylon 
II. vi. 121 The second coming of Christ; the glorious Epi- 
phany of God our Saviour. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xxx. 
(1849) IV. 141 Probably all .. sincerely believed in the epi- 
phany of the goddess. 1870 F. Har in Wilson’s tr. 
Vishnu-purdna v. 3 The first definition of Hayagriva 
makes him an epiphany of Vishnu. 1879 Farrar St. Paul 
I. 164 ‘Transported beyond all thought of peril by that 
divine epiphany, he [Stephen] exclaimed, etc. 

2. transf. and jig. 

1840-1 De Quincey Style Wks. XI. 257 There had been 
two manifestations or bright epiphanies of the Grecian 
intellect. 188r Bracke Lay Serm. v. 186 The statesman 
has yet to make his epiphany who, etc. 

Epiph eal (e:pifari‘ndz‘al), a. [f. Gr. 
, = PLP. y AGP 5 al ) i 
éxi upon + papvyé, papvyy-os +-(E)AL.] Situated 
above the pharynx. 

1871 Huxtey Auat, Vert. iii. 57 The uppermostarticulations 
(of the branchial arches]. .form the epipharyngeal bones. 

Epiphenomenon (e:pifing-méngn). Pach. Pl. 
epiphenomena. [f. EpI-+ PHENOMENON.] Some- 
thing that appears in addition; a secondary symp- 
tom. Also ¢ransf. 

1706 in Puitiirs. 1731-1800 in Bartey. 1874 VAN BurEN 
Dis. Genit. Org. 93 Stricture is only an epiphenomenon, 
and not the disease itself. 1876 Bristowe Theory §& Pract. 
Med. (ed. 2) 105 Fever is always secondary to some specific 
or other disease of which it is a mere epiphenomenon or 
symptom. 1882 Nature X XVI. 640 Trombes and tornadoes 
are short epiphenomena of cyclones. 

| Epiphonema (e:pifon7"ma). [L. epiphonéma, 
a, Gr. émpovnya, f. émpovéev to call to, f. éni 
x ae + pwvéev to speak out, f. port voice.] 

. Rhet. An exclamatory sentence or striking 
reflection, which sums up or concludes a discourse 
or a passage in the discourse. 

1579 E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. rey. 304 Such 
end, is an Epiphonema, or rather the moral of the whole 
tale. 1622 PEAcHAM Compl. Gentl. 80 What excellent Alle- 
gories..what Epiphonema’s. 1659 Hammonp Ox Ps, cxlv. 
17 annot., Witness that solemn Epiphonema, His mercy 
endureth for ever. 1727 Pore, etc. Art Sinking 115 The 
epiphonema or exclamation [may be learned] frequent] 
from the bear-garden. 1870 tr. Lange’s Comm. Song of Sol. 
iii. 5 The epiphonema to the daughters of Jerusalem has 
a subordinate significance as a refrain. 

b. transf. 

1664 Evetyn Sylva (1776) 649 Those who may take these 
wonders for a florid Epiphonema only of this work. 

2. (See quots.) ; 

1654 L’EstrancE Chas. / (1655) 99 The House gave their 


EPIPHYTAL. 


Epiphonema and applause at every close and period. 1657 
J. Smit Myst. Rhet. 143 Epiphonema .. Acclamation, or a 
shouting of the voyce. 1678-96 in Putuirs. 

Hence E:pipho:nema‘tical a., of the nature of 
an epiphonema. E:pipho:nema‘tically adv., in 
the manner of an epiphonema. 

ax617 Bayne Diocesan's Trial (1621) 3 Christ in his 
Epiphonematicall conclusion .. doth speake of the same. 
1644 Jessop Angel of Eph. 12 The Epiphonematicall sen- 
tence which is added at the end of each Epistle. 1605 T. 
Hutton in Hieron’s Def. (1607) 1. 161 Taking the word 
Iacob nominatively, vocatively, or epiphonematically. 

+ E:piphone'me. 0és. Also 6 epyphoneme, 
7 epiphonemy. Anglicized form of prec. 

1589 PutrenHam Lung. Poesie u. xi. (Arb.) 125 The wise 
man. .in th’ende cryed out with this Epyphoneme, Vanzttas 
vanitatum et omnia vanitas. 1594 J. Kinc Ox Yonah (1618) 
395 The last thing I proposed is the sentence or Epipho- 
neme, concluding the conclusion. 1636 J. Core in Ann. Du- 
brensia (1877) 55 To whom Fame sounds an Epiphonemy. 
1637 Heywoop Dialogues ii. 123 Tis a short song, and hath 
as short a theme, And yet it bears a long Epiphoneme. 

|| Epiphora (epifora). [L. eszphora, a. Gr. ém- 
opa a bringing to or upon, f. émpépev, f. émi upon 
+ pépew to bring.] 

1. A sudden afflux of humours; esf. ‘a super- 
abundant flow of tears, or of an aqueous or serous 
humour from the eyes’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1657 Phys. Dict., Epiphora, involuntary weeping. 1721- 
1800 in Baitey. 1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 144 It displaced 
the lower eyelid together with the punctum, and produced 
epiphora, 1878 ‘T. Bryanr Pract. Surg. 1. 348 If accom- 
panied by troublesome watering of the eye, epiphora. 

2. Rhet. (See quots.) 

1678 Puitiirs, Epiphora, Force or Impression, a figure 
in Rhetorick, in which one word is repeated at the end of 
several Sentences, but differs from Epistrophe, in that it 
hath respect chiefly to the Matter. 1721-1800 Baitry. 

3. Logic. The conclusion of — syllogism or con- 
sequent of an hypothesis. 

1721 in Baicey; and in mod. Dicts. 

piphragm (e'pifrem). [ad. mod.L. ef7- 
phragma, Gr. érippaypa lid, f. émppacoer, f. éni 
bs ia + ppdacey to fence.] 

. Zool. The secretion with which a snail closes 
the aperture of its shell during hybernation. 

1854 Woopwarp Mollusca. 162 The epiphragm is a layer 
of hardened mucus, sometimes strengthened with carbonate 
of lime: it is always minutely perforated opposite the re- 
spiratory orifice. ; 

2. Bot. A membrane closing the mouth of the 
spore-case in urn-mosses and fungi. 

[1830 Linptey Wat, Syst. Bot. 323 The membrane, or 
epiphragma, which occasionally closes up the orifice of the 
theca.] 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 341 As the Fungus matures, 
the upper part of the peridium becomes stretched and flat, 
forming the Epiphragm. 

+ Epiphy:llospe‘rmous, ¢. Zot. Ods. [f. 
Epi- + Gr. piddo-v leaf + omépy-a seed + -ovs.] 
Having the seeds on the back of the leaves. Cf. 
DorsIFEROUS, 

1704 Harris Lex. Techn., Epip[h]yllospermous Plants. 
1706 in Puiturs. 1760 J. Lee Bot. (1776) 150 (Jod.) 
Such plants as are dorsiferous .. have been called also epi- 
phyllospermous. 1828in WessTeR; and in mod. Dicts. 

Epiphyllous (epifi‘les), a. Bot. [f. Epi + 
Gr. @vAd-ov leaf+-ous.] That grows upon a 
leaf: predicated a. of parasitical fungi; b. of 
stamens inserted upon the perianth ; ¢. of flowers 
growing on the surface of a leaf. 

1835 LinpLey /xtrod. Bot. (1848) II. 380 Epiphyllous ; 
inserted upon the leaf. 1872 Oxiver Elem. Bot. 1. v. 51 
There are [in Daffodil] six stamens, inserted upon the 
perianth (epiphyllous). 1874 M. Cooke Fungi 128 ‘The epi- 
phyllous Coniomycetes. a 

Epiphysary (¢pi'fisari), a. Anat. [f. Epr- 
PHYS-IS + -ARY%,] = EPIPHYSIAL. 

186x BumstEap Vex, Dis. (1879) 680 Such productions are 
often, for a time at least, movable upon the bone beneath, 
and are then called epiphysary exostoses. 

Epiphysial (epifi-zial), a. Anaz. [f. Epi- 
PHYSI-S+-AL1.] Pertaining to, or of the nature 
of, an epiphysis. 

1854 Owen Skel. & Teeth (1855) 227 These surfaces .. 
are developed on separate epiphysial plates, which coalesce 
in the course of growth with the rest of the centrum. 

|| Epiphysis (epi‘fisis). dzat. Pl. epiphyses. 
Also 7 epiphise, -yse. [a. Gr. émiguors, f. émi 
upon+ vos growth, Cf. F. &iphyse; also used 
in English in 17th and 18th c.] 

1. An extremity or other portion of a long bone 
which has originated in a centre of ossification 
distinct from the rest. Opposed to APOPHYSIS. 

1634 T. JoHNnson Parey’s Chirurg. vi. xxvi. (1678) 147 The 
wand hath two Epiphyses, or Appendices, the one at the 
upper end, the other at the lower. 1688 Mouten in Phil. 
Trans. XVII. 714 The Cartilage had generally an Epiphise 
or two. 174 Monro Auat. (ed. 3) 39 An Epiphyse might 
be mistaken for a Fracture. 1854 OweEN in Circ. Sc. (c 1865) 
II. 47/1 These separately ossified ends being termed ‘epi- 
physes’, 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. ii. 23. — 

2. abstr. The process of developing such a 
growth. 

1862 Sir H. Hoitanp Ess., Hum. Longevity 108 This 
period of Epiphysis or completion of bony union 

Epiph: (epifaital), a2. Bot. [f. prec. + -Aul.] 
Having the distinctive property of an epiphyte. 

81-2 


EPIPHYTE. 


1854 Hooker Himal. Frnis. 1. i. 24 Additional 
orchidaceous plants. mx Ouiver Elem. Bot. u. any 
Orchids] are called ‘air-plants’, 


of the trop 

from their being epi 

. oh (e" coi [£ Gr, éni upon + gurdv 
plant. 


1. Bot. A plant which grows on another plant; 
usually restricted to those which derive only sup- 
port Saal not nutrition) from the plants on which 
they 

186x Miss e Paice Flower. Pl. M11. 1. ats Mosses, lichens - . 
are termed false parasites or ng a Covzes Birds 
N. W, 181 The true epiphytes, like the mistletoe, drawing 
sap directly from the other — upon which fix. 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1. 91/2 The Vanilla is an 
ae hyte, or air-plant. 

1878 M. & F. Coiuns Vill. Comedy II. viii. pte soe] 
a fragile epiphyte, unable to exist alone, fell into the han 
of an adroit unscrupulous villain. 

2. Path. A vegetable parasite on the surface of 
an animal body. 

1847-9 Topp ‘Cyel. Anat. IV. 144/1 Gruby detected epi- 
phytes in sycosis 

Epiphytic (epifitik), a. [f. as prec. + -10.] 

1. Bot. = EpipHyrvau, 

1830 Linotey Nat. Syst. Bot. 264 Of the epiphytic class, 
one only is found so far north as South Carolina. 1874 
Coves Birds N. W. 197 The nest was hung in a bunch 
the Arceuthobium Oxycedri, an abundant epiphytic plant. 
1379 Wa tace Australasia xi. 222 Epiphytic orchids. 

. Path. Of disease: Caused by epiphytes or 
oo parasites. 
869 E. A, Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 63 Scabies, and 
die enh tic affections especially 
iphyti ical (epifi: tikal) ), 4. Bot, [f. as prec. 
ie a = prec. 

1861 A thenxvum 29 June 862 An epiphytical plant .. the 
leaves of which..were filled with pure water. 1880 Batt 
Fungle Li ie fe Ind. i. 41 The natives apply the term Janda, 
meaning slave, to all parasitical and epiphytical plants. 

Epiphytically (epifi'tikali), adv. Bot. [f. 
prec. +-LY*.] In the manner of an epiphyte. 

1854 Hooxer Himad. Frnis. 1. i. 22 On which a species 
of grass grew epiphytically. 1875 GrirrirH & HENFREY 
Microsc. Dict, s.v. Calicium, Growing..epiphytically on 
other Lichens. 

Epiphytous (?pi'fites), a. Bot, [f. EpripHyte 
+-0us.] = EPIPHYTAL. 

1816 Kixsy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) 1. 385 Regarded by 
some of our first botanists as an mil sees fungus, but 
proved on dissection to be a true gal. Bates Nat. 
Amazon ii. (ed. 2) 29 The air-roots of epip) bi us plants 
which sit on the stronger boughs of the trees al 
+ Epiplectic, 2. 00s. vare—'. [ad. Gr. ém- 
oe iven to rebuking, f. émmAnocev: see 
Erocexe] Of the nature of epiplexis. 

1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. (1834) 292 Instruments of 
elocution .. attended on each side respectively with an 
epiplectick and exegetick modification. 

| Epiplerosis (e:piplisrdw'sis). [mod.Lat., 
Gr. EmmAnpwars overfilling, f. émmdnpoay, f. Rie 
mAnpoev, f. wAnpns full.] (See quot.) 

1847 Craic, Epiplerosis, in Pathology, overfilling, ex- 
tensive distension, as of the veins or arteries with blood. 

Epipleural (epipliieral), a. Anat. [f. Gr. éni- 
meup-os (f. émi upon + mreupa rib, side) + -aL1.] 
Situated upon a rib. Also quasi-sd. 

1866 Owen Anat, Vertebr. 1. 43 These ‘scleral’ spines 
are termed. .‘epineurals’, ‘ epicentrals’, and ‘epipleurals’, 
according to the vertebral element they may adhere to. 
1870 Rotieston Anim. Life 20 Each rib. .has an epipleural 
process. 1880 GunTHER Fishes 7 Maes abdominal vertebra 
have parapophyses developed wi hep ; a spines. 

|| Epiplexis (cpiple kuti), [L. epiplexis, 
Gr, éninangss, f. émmdnooey, f. éri upon + rAnooEy 
to strike.] (See quot.) 

1678 Puivuirs, Ey exis, A figure in Rhetorick which 
by an elegant kind of upbraiding, indeavours to convince. 
1721-1800 in Baivey ; and in mod. Dicts. 

|| Epiploce (epi: pldse). Rhet. [mod.L., a. Gr, 
dnedoet plaiting together, f. émmAéxey, f. eni upon 
+mAéxey to plait, twine.] ‘A figure of rhetoric, 
by which one aggravation, or striking circumstance, 
is added in due gradation to another’. (J.) 

1678-1706 in a 1721-1800 in Bamey, 1828 in 
Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 

Epiplocele (epiplész 1). Path. Also 8 epiploo- 
cele. [ad. Gr. émmAoxnan, f. énimdoov (see Eri- 
PLOON) + ##Ay rupture.) A hernia or rupture in 
which a portion of the omentum is protruded. 


1721-1800 —_ tit iploocele. 1758 J, S. Le Dran's 
pee — 17 ict., Epiplocele. 1849-52 Topp 
Cycl. A iv 4) ’2 An epiplocele .. might readily be 
mistaken § for an additional testicle. 


Epiploic (epiplowik), a. Anat. [f. next +-10.] 
Of or pertaining to the epiploén or omentum, 
1656-81 Biounr Glossogr. s.v. Veine, Dexter Epiploick 

veine, the second branch of the spleen veine. 1731-6 in 
Bawey. 1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 98 Examples of 
those sclongations are seen in the omentum and epiploic 


[Bpiplos oon Pd pldjgn). Also 6 epipleon. 
Gr. énimdoov, f. émmdéev to sail or 
oat on; the epiplodn floating as it were on the 
intestines, ] 
’ 1. The caul or omentum, a fatty membrane en- 
wrapping the intestines. 


244 EPISCOPALIAN. 
R. Gasdints:Qamt, Ciivary, What is 1676 Marvett Gen. Councils Wks. 1875 IV. 1 
no and wharel % compocea? (300) hil. Trans. deacons. seeeeeie® om $0 vender - = 
Il. 552 The or the Dou embrane, which sage te te, oman Cow 
covers the and is fill’d with Fat. 1870 siderations 43 ras Clerg and Epi- 
Rotieston Anim. Life 4 curtain-like or pable men. 1884 Pall Mail G. 31 lay x The Prime 
\. Minister has taken four years to discover that 
Entom. (See quots.) men exist de his own i var 
1826 Kinny & Sp. Eatomot IV. 115 What some Episcopacy (épi'sképasi). [f. late L. episco- 


a real liver, others look iat the nee epiploon or caul. bid. 
(3828) IV. xliv. 219 Chi the epiploon or fat of the larva. 
1834 M eMoxraix Cuvier Amin. Xéngd. 322 The epiploon 


(e:piply:skios?‘1). Path. [f. 
Gr. émimdo-ov (see prec.) + cae scrotum + «7An 
rupture.] A hernia or rupture in which a portion 
of the omentum descends into the scrotum. 

In mod Dicts. 


pepipodial (epipawdial), a. [f. Eprropi-um + 


Pertaining to or resembling the epipo- 


or 


dium. 
3877 Huxiey Anat. Jnv. An. viii. 510 There are very 
— ay cre lobes, by the aid of which some species 
emselves like Pteropods. 1878 Bett be pene so 
=. Anat. 337 The epipodial gill is arrang: ly 


patus the office or dignity of a bishop. See Ept- 
SCOPAL and -acy.] 
+1. Oversight ; ecclesiastical authority. Ods. 


ave Patriarch had Tears ie Ch Lng. 23 First three, afterward 
Episcopacy .. over all the 


Bo aah of the church ae Sebope ; - 
— stem of church government which comprises 
por: distinct orders, bishops, presbyters or priests, 
C ii eb, 
R little 
My Cet of episcopacy Aceon ie ee each 
1691 Woop Ath. Oxon, I. 248 He was never a cordial friend 
to Epi 5 tn ee'ks Uerhomoes of backs so Goren 
in rt vr. Rev. 80 Is aes oe eens So Se rend 


in the Placophora. 

Epipodite (epi‘pddait). 4naz. [f. Eprpop-1um 
+-ITE.] A long, curved appendage to the basal 
joint or coxopodite of the anterior ambulatory 
pe of some Crustacea. 

Nicuotson Zool. 176 The protopodite bears a process 
which serves to keep the gills apart, and is termed the 

ite, 1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. An. vi. 328 Each epi- 
Ke ite is, in fact, expanded at its upper extremity into a 
broad bilobed membrane. 


Hence Epi:podi-tic a., resembling an a aectongd 
1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. "An. vi. 364 The branchie . 
resemble not a little the epipoditic branchia of Astacus. 
Epipodium (epipowdidm). Pl. -a. [mod.L., 
ad. Gr. émmédiov, neut. of émmddos, f. émt upon + 
movs, 708-ds foot.] 

1. Zool. A muscular lobe developed from the 
lateral and upper surfaces of the foot of some 
molluscs. 


1877 Huxtey Anat. /nv. Ax. viii. 503 Near its pumas 
are two lateral fleshy lobes which perhaps correspond wit! 
the epipodia of other Mollusks. 

. Bot. A form of disc consisting of glands upon 


the stipe of an ovary. Also the stalk of the disc | 


itself. 1866 in Treas. Bot. 

Epipolic (epipg'lik), a. Physics. 
moA-n surface +-1C.] a. Of or pertainin 
surface; taking place on the surface. 
pertaining to epipolism. Epzpolic dispersion: Her- 
schel’s term for the dispersion of light on the 
surface of a body; = FLUORESCENCE. 

1845 Herscuet in Phil. Trans. CXXXV. 147 This singu- 
lar mode of dispersion. . which. .I shall venture to call epi- 

lic, from émeroAy, a surface. 1848 W. Grove Contrib. Sc. 
In Corr. Phys. Forces 349 Epipolic actions will .. assume a 
much more important place in physics. c 1865 j. WyLpe 
in Cire. Sc. 1. 54/1 Epipolic Dispersion. We have. .noticed 


the epipolic appearance whilst pouring semi-congealed oil 
from a glass bottle. 


Epipolism (/pi:péliz’m). Physics. [f. Eprrot- 
1¢+-I8M.] Epipolic dispersion ; FLUORESCENCE. 
Epipolize (/pi:péleiz), v. Physics. [f. Epreo.- 
10 +-IZE.] trans. To change into the epipolic 
condition; to cause to exhibit the phenomena 
of fluorescence. 

Hence Epi« polized ppl. a., Bpi‘polizing. 

1845 Herscuet in Phil. Trans. CXXXV. 148 An epi- 
lized beam of light (meaning thereby a beam which has 


en transmitted through a quiniferous solution and under- 
gone its dispersing action) is, etc. 16; 


[f Gr. ém- 
to the 


id. 153 An Lager 


surface. c1 a pet in chica Se. I. 54/1 The passage 
of the epipolised ray: st 
Epipterous. pi ptéras), a. Bot. [f. Gr. éné 


upon + mrepéy wing + -ous.] Of seeds: Bearing 

wings at the summit. 1866 in 7reas. Bot. 
Epirhizous (epirsi-zas), a. Bot. [f. Gr. éni 

upon + fi{-a root + -ous.] Growing on a root. 


1866 in 7reas. Bot. 

+ Epi‘rot. Obs. rare—',  [ad. Gr. Hrepwrns, f. 
#mepos mainland, inland of a country as opposed 
to the coast.] One who dwells inland. 

1660 3 TAYLOR ag Dubit, u.i, The Greek and the 
barbarian, the epirot and maritime, 


Episcleral (episklieral), a. Anat. [f. Ept-+ 
Gr. oxAnp-és hard+-Au.] Belonging to, or placed 
upon, the sclerotic or hard outer coat of the e 

1861 Bumsteap Ven. Dis. (1879) 703 Some of the ini tra- 


tions. .which have been described as pelonging to the con- 
junctiva ree have had their ori e episcleral 
tissue. P. Smitn Glaucoma 22 Engorgement of epi- 
scleral vesse! 


Bpiscleritis | (e:pisklicrairtis). Path. [f. as 
prec. +-IT18,] An inflammation of the connective 
tissue covering the sclerotic coat of the eye. 

1861 Bumsteap Ven. Dis. (1879) ut ee bese by 4 


commonly as a — ~ gamed oe wee about 
from the . Bryant Pract, 
“Epis 1. 3: 2 Eri isa someeten rare disease. 


(tpiskdpab’l), a. [f. L. epz- 
poh Qualified for Pat a 


Sscop-us eg nk ng 


as a bishop. 


. OF or | 


Lady 

3. The position or office of bubop: rare. 

1685 A. Lovett tr. Simon's Crit. Hie Relig. 23 They 
observe not exactly the Age that is required for Priesthood 
and Episco, . 1869 Lecxy Europ. Mor. (ed. 2) 86 Priests 
who attained the episcopacy. 

4. The period during which a bishop holds his 
office ; = Episcopate. Now rare. 

x660 Jer. Tayior Duct. Dubit. u, iii. § 11 By their differing 
presidencies or ———— 1816 C. Suarp Hist. Hartle 
fool 20 During epi pacy of Bishop Poor. Lin- 
Garp Hist, Anglo-Sax. Ch, (1858) I. = 171 died 

s the fifth a ear of his episcopacy. 

5. concr. The body of bishops in the egate. 

1757, Burxe Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. ng may 

we enjoy our Church under a learned and ed ving episco- 
. 1885 Manch. Exam. 10 Jan. 5/2 2 morons J priest- 

Raat and an aggressive nape po! Siete urd shel 
apr 5/: fh /3 The Epscopacy ae still ac 


rE th t 
“"Episcc piscopal (’ (pi: pisképal), a. and sb. Ce: Fr. épi- 
ssl 4 L. episcopalis, f. episcopus BisHor.] 


active rs 


ra ore a "pertaining to a bishop or bishops. 

1485 Act 1 Hen, VII, c. 4 Archbishops and Bishops, and 
other Ordinaries, having. Episcopal jurisdiction. 1675 
Ocitsy Brit. 4 A City ne veh wt an Episcopal See. 

176s Biackstone Comm. 1. ii. (R.), The usual ~~ of 
elevating to the episcopal chair, 1877 W. Jones Finger. 
ving 210 The episcopal ring .. was considered a s: of 
sacerdotal authority. 

2. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, episcopacy. 
‘+ Formerly also of persons ; Advocating or sup- 
portin:  Pmegt ry § 

1651 BAXTER a. Bape. 145 a Episcopal! Party are far 
more confirmed in their way by it. 1674 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb, 1x. (1843) 592/2 The maintenance and support of, 
the episc government in England. 1692 Lutrrete Brief 
Rel. (1857) 11. 379 By removing diverse of the kirk | ae 
and putting in episcopall men. 1704 Netson Fest. § Fasts 
(1739) 530} fie Ft ey Church .. gives full Testimony in 


Episcopal Government. 

3. Of a mye saticnerggree ies a — . 

isco t (with initial capital) o! 
the Angican pre ge of which in Scotland Pic 
the Unted States it is the ordinary oe 
also with prefixed adj. in the names of certain 
other religious bodies, as Methodist Epise 
Reformed Episcopal. Hence of bldings for 
worship, clergy, forms of service, etc.: Belonging 
to such a church, 


In U.S. —— 
ad oe & 3 


episcopal chapel. a 


mp L. & The este \ 
vend, Soe 2. 69 Scot 277 The 
ak R . 
Church during. the Usur 


1844 S. Witserrorce //ist. Prot. £; Ch. Amer. 
tr Ela a ttn et fi Episcopal 
t America, one specimen, etc. 

Ot B. 3 sb. An adherent of episcopacy; one be- 
longing to the Episcopal church; = Episco- 
oso on ae Wks. Re; The di 

Lt is- 

ona episcopal aH Davin ath Brie IL 310 


icon perchance to of the Calvin 
moro aw xiv. Vib: Good episcopal 
as I am, you have sickened 

(ép’ ieskope lian), a. and sd. [f. 
late L, yep eased (see prec.) + -AN.] 


i Bel to an episcopal church, 7 ( 
ally with initial capital) to the Anglican Church 
1 poh gl Lett. 66 e numbers and size of episco 


churches. BJ Morse Amer, ein Rages 
ee oe churches are respectable. 1840 Sir J HEN 
Eect. Biog. (1850) 11. 405 <h oe of episcopal and 
=; Ch. N ‘Yok, wae Ute Pot 
A 
dian bediyis pouseceed Of endowment; ire churches bave 


for the poor. 
2. Of an episco oy oo a 
1822 Blackw. Me episcopalian di- 
mensions of pe Par oh cia uced to mp it the better to the 


climate. 1822 T. L. Peacock Maid Marian ix, The de. 


EPISCOPALISM. 


parture of king Richard from England was succeeded by 
the episcopalian regency of the Bishops of Ely and Durham. 

. sh. @ An adherent of episcopacy. 
One who belongs to an episcopal church ; 
a member of the Anglican Church. 

1738 Nea Hist. Purit. 1V.77 The Episcopalians were at 
this time excepted from a legal toleration. 1764 SEcKER 
Answ, Mayhew’s Observ. (R.), We are considered as. . pro- 
fessed episcopalians. 1824 CoLeripce Aids Reff. (1848) 1.7 
The diffusion of light and knowledge through this kingdom 
..by Episcopalians and Puritans, from Edward VI. to the 
Restoration, was as wonderful as it is praiseworthy. 1825 
Lp. Cocksurn Mew. 305 Our episcopalians used to be so 
few that, etc. 1844 S. Witperrorce Hist. Prot. Episc. 
Ch, Amer. (1846) 98 They would not hear of granting to 
Episcopalians the most ordinary toleration. — . 

Hence Episcopa,lianism, the principles distinc- 
tive of an Episcopalian. Episcopa‘lianize v., 
to make (a person) an Episcopalian. Episco- 
pa'lianized Z//. a. 

1846 Eclectic Rev. Feb. 233 Is not episcopalianism itself 
brought into question? 1865 Wricut Hist. Caricat. xxi. 
(1875) 360 The Puritans .. looked upon Episcopalianism as 
differing in little from popery. 1886 Pad? Mali G. 30 Mar. 
11/t The Presbyterian religion.. would have suited the 
people .. much better than our Episcopalianism. yes Jy 
Lance New S. Wales Il. 258 The Episcopalianized Scots 
Presbyterian, . 

Episcopalism (‘pi'skdpali:zm). [f. Eprscopan 
+-ISM.] That theory of church polity which places 
the supreme authority in the hands of an episcopal 
or pastoral order; if this authority is in practice 
exercised by any recognized head of the church it 
is only as the delegate of this order as a whole, 
and with their consent. Held in the Church of 
Rome by the Gallicans (but dogmatically rejected 
by the Vatican Council), and in various Reformed 
churches, Distinguished from ¢errztorialism, and 
COoLLEGIALISM, q.v. 

Episcopality (‘piskdpe'liti). [f Eprscopan 
+-ITy.] In various nonce-uses: +a. That which 
constitutes episcopacy. +b. The office or dignity 
of a bishop. e@. The quality appropriate to a 
bishop; a bishop-like bearing. 

¢1618 E. Botton Hyfercritica ii. § 3 Enemies of Eccle- 
siastical Episcopality, 1636 Prynne Undish. Tim. 158 
Those Lordly Pontificians .. will needs claime all their 
Episcopalities by a divine right. 1647 16 New Quaeres to 
Praelates Ded. 2 These Quaeres will proove fatall to your 
iy ose Episcopalities, etc. 1885 eedease Stud. Eth. 
§ Relig. 16 There is a sort of episcopality about them—if 
one may be permitted to coin the word. 

Episcopalize (/piskdpaleiz), v. rare. [f. as 
prec. + -IZE.] ¢rans. To attribute an episcopal 
position to (a person); to speak of as a bishop. 

1823 New Monthly Mag. VIII. 245 To episcopalize Saint 
Lazarus is quite as anachronismatical a sin as clapping the 
tiara upon the unconscious head of Saint Peter. 

Episcopally (‘piskdpali), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-LY2.] In an episcopal manner: a. In the rank 
of a bishop; as a bishop is or does. b. With 
reference to ordination: By the hands of a bishop. 
ec. On the basis of episcopal government. 

1680 A nsw. Stillingfleet’s Serm. 27 A Minister..ordained 
(and so Episcopally or Classically approved in his abilities 
for that function). 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3853/4 A French 
Minister, who is Episcopally Ordained. 1782 Burke Corr. 
(1844) II. 464 To conclude episcopally, I heartily pray God 
Almighty to poe your administration. 1785 Cowrer 
Tiroc. 365 The father who designs his babe a priest, Dreams 
him episcopally such at least. 1804 Aun. Rev. II. 206 Some 
displeasure arose that Wesley should act thus episcopally. 
1862 Pall Madi G. 8 Oct. 2 An episcopally ordained priest. 
1882-3 S. M. Hopkins in Schaff Relig. Encycl. U1. 2554/2 
Prescribed forms of prayer became characteristic of episco- 
pally constituted churches. : 

+ Epi-scopant. Oés. [ad. med.L. episcopant- 
em, pr. pple. of episcopare to hold a bishopric, 
f. eftscopus.| One who holds a bishopric; a 
bishop. 

1641 Mitton Pred. Episc. (1851) 90 Their usurping and 
over rovender’d Episcopants. - 

‘hs Episcopa‘rian, a. and sb. Obs. [f. L. efz- 
scop-us bishop + -drt-us (see -ABY) + -AN.] 

A. adj. = Episcopar A. 2. 

1691 Woop Ath. Oxon. II. 305 The episcoparian govern- 

ment then lately thrown out of doors. 
B. sb. = EPIscoPpaian B, a. 

1649 NeepHam Case Commw. 89 Prudent Toleration of 
opinions in matters of Religion could never be proved yet, 
by any of our Episcoparians and Presbyterians ,. to be re- 
pugnant to the Word. 1671 H. Stusse Reply 31, I most 
associated my self with the Episcoparians. 1691 Woop 42h. 
Oxon. 11. 316 As for his railing at the Episcoparians, all 
readers of his books .. may.. behold [it]. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey; and in mod. Dicts. : 

Episcopate (‘piskdpét), sb. [ad. L.epzscopatus, 
f. episcopus bishop. 

1. The office or dignity of a bishop. 

“1641 Herwoop Priest, Fudge, § P, 1 The late firme scite of 
our Episcopate. 1744 ARNALD Comm. Bk. Wisdom Ded, 
(T.), These , age qualities at length conducted you so de- 
servedly to the episcopate. 1782 PriestLey Corrupt. Chr. 
IL. x. 251 [They] endeavoured to make the epeecpate Bes 
higher degree. 1833 Cruse Eusebius vi. xxx.249 Honoured 
with the episcopate in the churches of Pontus. 

2. An episcopal see, a bishopric. 

3807 .G. CuatmErs Caledonia. ut. v. 357 Bede, who gave 


b 
esp. 


. State. 


245 


the history of that episcopate. 1847 DisrarLi Tancred u. 
v, The Church Temporalities’ Bill in 1833 .. suppressed ten 
Irish episcopates. 1861 Srantry Last. Ch. vii. (1869) 227 
The Episcopate of Egypt had but a doubtful existence 
in early times. — : - . 

3. The period during which a bishop holds 
office. 

1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) Il. ix. 416 In the third 
year of his episcopate he was driven out. 1885 JJanch. 
Courier 16 June 4/7 That was the 123rd church he had con- 
secrated during the 15 years of his episcopate. 

4. The bishops regarded as a collective body. 

1842 Pusey Crisis Eng.Ch. 140 First as to the Episcopate, 
the Evangelic Bishops in Germany are a creation of the 
e. 1859 Lit. Churchm. V. 117/2 The Committee advise 
the increase of the Episcopate. 1865 Marrei Brigand Life 
II. 98 The instructions to the Neapolitan episcopate. 

+ Episcopate, v. Ods. [f. med.L. episcopat- 
ppl. stem of episcopare, f. episcopus bishop.] a. 
zntr. To act as a bishop; to become a bishop. 
b. trans. To make (a person) a bishop. 

1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. ii. (1851) 106 ‘There he [S. Peter] 
commits to the Presbyters only full authority both of feed- 
ing the flock, and Episcopating. a 1661 FuLLER Worthies 
(1840) II. 379 Though all the rest were episcopated, doctor 
Fulke was but doctor Fulke still. 1705 WycHrr.ey 7 Apr. 
in Pope's Lett. (1735) 1. 9 A Bishop gains his Bishoprick 
by saying he will not Episcopate. 

Episcopation (‘pisk/pzifon). [f. L. epz- 
Scopus +-ATION.] The action of making a person 
a bishop; the fact of becoming a bishop. 

1872 M. Couns Pr. Clarice I. xviii. 213 Her [a bishop's 
wife’s] quasi-episcopation can hardly be expected to affect 
you. @1876 — in Pex Sketches (1879) I. 251 The story of 
the episcopation of the saintly Ken. 

Epi'scopature, ? xonce-wd. = PISCOPATE 4. 

1884 Macm. Mag. July 184 Our Episcopature will soon 
owe it only to the actor’s forbearance that he does not deny 
Christian burial to bishops. 

+ Epi‘scopici:de. 00s. rave. In 8 episco- 
pacide. [f. L. epfiscop-us bishop + -(DcibE 2.] The 
crime of murdering a bishop. 

1692 in Cones. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE St. G4. Brit. 1. 
i. vil. (1743) 66 The Law of England .. made the offences 
of Parricide & Episcopacide equal. 1751 CHAMBERS Cyc/., 
Episcopacide, the crime of murdering a bishop by one of 
his own clergy. 

Epi:scopiza‘tion. vare. [f. next + -avion.] 
The action of making (a person) a bishop. 

1861 Sat. Rev. XI. 337/2 The episcopization of Deans. 

Episcopize (épi'skdpsiz), v. [f. L. epéscop-us 
bishop + -IZE.] 

1. trans. To make or consecrate (a person) a 
bishop. Also adso/. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. xxvii. (1739) 127 The course of 
Episcopizing continued the same as formerly it had been. 
1820 Soutury Wesley II, 407 ‘There seems reason to be- 
lieve that Wesley was willing to have been episcopized upon 
this occasion. 1832 Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 286 
The very first act of the Devil’s own reign Would epi- 
scopize Cobbett, and canonize Paine. : 

2. To rule asa bishop. Also Zo efiscopize it. 

1679 Prance Adait. Narr. Pop. Plot 46 Sent over into 
England by the Pope to Episcopize it over all English 
Catholicks. @1745 W. Broome Poems, Death F. Shute 
(R.), By whom he’s prelated above the skies, And then the 
whole world’s his t’ episcopise. 

b. zztr. To assume the character of a bishop. 

1820 Soutuey Wes/ey II, 310 An inclination to episcopize 
was evidently shown in this language. 

3. To bring under episcopal government ; also, 
to render episcopalian. 

1767 Cuauncy Let, (1768) 37 Their main view was to 
episcopise the Colonies. 1 Public Advertiser 3 June 
4/1 Mr. Apthorpe’s Scheme of episcopizing America. 1868 
Lessons Mid, Age 176 Not .. free to use any active means 
for episcopising the Church of Scotland. ; 

Hence Epi‘scopizing vé/. sb.; also attrib. 

1768 W. Livincston Let. Bp. Llandaff 19 The episcopising 
of dissenters. 1 in Chauncy Let. 45 The episcopising 
plan is of a very interesting nature. 1840 7ait’s Mag. V1I. 
71 The mission of the apostles was not an episcopizing of 
geographical dioceses. 1881 Biacxie Lay Serm. viii. 247 
His father’s episcopising schemes and theories, 

+ Epi:scopofarctory. Ods. rare—}. The mak- 
ing of bishops. 

1649 Seven Laws Eng. u. xxxvi, The King himself had 
a power of Episcopofactory, without Conge d’ eslire. 

Episcopolatry (¢pi:skopg'latri). rare. [f. Gr. 


éniokoros bishop +Aarpela worship.] ‘ Worship’ 
of bishops. 
1867 Ch, §& State Rev. 9 Mar, 224 The practical danger 


of episcopolatry is less imminent than might be supposed. 
1882 Ch. Times 22 Dec. 915 Those Englishmen who, in the 
violence of their recoil, fon Presbyterianism and Congre- 
giclee, have cherished proclivities in the direction of 

piscopolatry. 

Episcopy (fpi'skdpi). [ad. Gr. émoxonia over- 
sight, f. émioxomos overseer, BisHoP.] 

+1. Survey; superintendence. Ods. rare. 

1641 Mitton Ch, 2, U1. iii, (1851) 158 The censor in his 
morall episcopy. 

+2. Government of the church by bishops. Oés. 

1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dudit. 1. iv. § 9 It was the 
universal doctrine of the Church of God for many ages .. 
that episcopy is the divine, or apostolical institution. 

3. concr. The body or bench of bishops. rare. 

1874 Dixon ‘head eens III, xvut. jii. 337 A view sup- 
ported by the English episcopy. ; : 


EPISODICAL. 


Episepalous (epise‘palas), a. [f. Ep1- + Sepa. 
+-ous.] Growing upon the sepals of the calyx. 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 627 The epipetalous and epi- 
sepalous position of the stamens. 

pisiorrhaphy (e:pisaig'rafi). [f. Gr. énicesov 
the region of the pubes + -pagia, f. fart to sew.] 
An operation for the relief of prolapsus uteri by 
a suture. 

1872 F. Tuomas Dis. Women 176 Closure of the vagina 
may be accomplished by two operations, episiorrhaphy and 
obliteration of the canal. 

Episkeletal (episkelital), a. Amat. [f. Epi- 
+SKELET-ON +-AL1,] Of muscles: Situated upon 
the skeleton, z.e. lying above the horizontal plane 
of the vertebral axis. 

1871 Huxtey Anat. Vert. ii. 45 The episkeletal muscles 
are developed out of the protovertebra. 

Episodal (e'pisdudal), a. [f. next+aL!.] Of 
the nature of an episode ; = Episop1aL, Episopic. 

1876 Macm. Mag. XXXIV. 200 He replaces such pass- 
ages and semi-cadences by novel episodal matter. 7 

Episode (e'pisoud). Also 7-8 episod. [a. Gr. 
érrecadd-.ov, neut. of émecadd-cos coming in besides, 
f. émi in addition + efco5os entering, f. eis into + 
656s way. Cf. Fr. épisode.] 

1. In the Old Greek Tragedy, the interlocutory 
parts between two choric songs, because these 
were originally interpolations. 

1678 ‘I. Rymer 7'rag. Last Age 12 Thespis introduc’d the 
Episods, and brought an Actor on the stage. 1762 J. Brown 
Poetry & Alus. iv. (1763) 42 Not only the Part of the tragic 
Choir, but the Episode or interlocutory Part would be also 
sung. @1789 Burney ///st. Mus. (ed. 2) 1, viii. 146 The 
custom of setting the Episodes as the acts of a play. 

2. An incidental narrative or digression in a 
poem, story, etc., separable from the main subject, 
yet arising naturally from it. 

1679 Drypen Dram. Wks. 369 The happy Episode of 
Theseusand Dirce. 1780 Jas. Harris Ws. (1841) 423 The 
dry didactic character of the Georgics [of Virgil] made it 
necessary they should be enlivened by episodes and digres- 
sions. 1839 THIRLWALL Greece I. 183 Herodotus introduces 
an episode, which .. seems .. at first sight strangely mis- 
placed. 1865 Tytor Early Hist. Man, i. 11 Familiar 
episodes, belonging to the medieval ‘ Reynard the Fox’, 

3. transf. An incidental ‘ passage’ in a person’s 
life, in the history of a country, the world, an 
institution, etc. 

1773 Gots. Stoops to Cong. 1.1, The terrors of a formal 
courtship, together with the episode of aunts, grandmothers 
and cousins. 1818 Copper Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 100 To 
answer ..a hundred letters in a week, by way of episode in 
your other labours, 1875 Lyeti Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) I. 1. x. 
203 Like the Glacial episode before mentioned. 1855 
Mirman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. 1x. vii. 368 The conquest of 
Constantinople by the Latins, that strange and romantic 
episode in the history of the Crusades. 

4. Mus. (See quot.) 

1869 OusELEY Counterp. xxii. 169 In ordinary fugues .. it 
is usual to allow a certain number of bars to intervene from 
time to time, after which the subject is resumed .. The in- 
tervening bars thus introduced are called Episodes. : 

Episodial (episdu dial), a. [f Gr. émeodés-os 
(see prec.) +-AL.] = EPISODIC. 

1857 Fraser's Mag. LVI. 336 One of the most attractive 
of the episodial chapters. ; 

Episodic (episydik), a. [f. Episopy + -1c.] 
Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, an episode ; 
incidental, occasional. 

1gir SHartess. Charac. (1737) II]. 268 ‘The same Epi- 
sodick Liberty. .which we have maintain’d in the preceding 
Chapters. 1725 Pore Odyss. xu. ole (R.), This episodic 
narration gives the Poet an opportunity to relate, etc. 1856 
Masson £ss., Story Year 1770. 257 Such incidents as these, 
episodic as they were to the two great topics of Wilkes 
and the Constitution and the growing disaffection of the 
American colonies. 1879 Geo. Exior Theo. Such vi. 123 
His episodic show of regard. 

b. Also, of a literary work: Characterized by 
the frequent introduction of episodes. 

1866 FreLton Anc. §& Mod. Gr. 1. iv. 68 It [the Maha- 
bharata] is more episodic than the other [the Ramayana]. 

Episodical (episg‘dikal), a. [f-as prec. + -au!.] 

1. = Episopic. 

1667 Drypen Ess. Dram. Poesie Wks. 1725 1. 23 Or the 
episodical ornaments, such as descriptions, Narrations, and 
other beauties, which are not essential to the Play. @1720 
Suerrietp (Dk. Buckhm.) Wés. (1753) LI. 222 The bas-reliefs 
and little squares above are all episodical paintings of the 
same story. 1810 Edin. Rev. XV. 297 There are. .no episo- 
dical conversations. 1837 Miss Sepewick Live § Let Live 
(1876) 12 One of those episodical reforms that occur in every 
drunkard’s life. : ; : 

2. transf. Of persons: Coming like an episode ; 
casual, irregular. 

1824 Scotr St. Ronan's xvii, And in a short time lost all 
recollection of his episodical visitor. 1888 P. THorne in 
Advance (Chicago) 9 Aug., The episodical people have 
become episodical once more in their attendance, and only 
the faithful few are left. : ee 

Hence Episo'dically adv., in an episodical man- 
ner; by way of episode. 

1753 Cuesterr. Left. III. ccci. 29 There he gives epi- 
sodically the best account I know of the customs and 
manners of the Turks. 1835 Sourney Life Cowper I. vii. 
zor Mr. Newton's life is too remarkable .. to be treated 
Seika: 1868 E. Epwarps Raleigh I. xii. 239 Sir 

alter has told the story himself (episodically, and as 
illustrating .. a topic), 


EPISPASTIC. 


Epis _(epispe'stik), a. and sb. Med. 
[oss mod.L. epispasticus, a. Gr. émonacrids, f. 
monday, f, éri towards + onde to draw.] 
A. adj. Drawing out humours ; blistering. 

1657 Phys. Dict., Epispastick, blistering plaisters, or any 
other strong drawing plaister. 186x Hutme tr. foguin- 
Tandon u. m1. iii. 133 Vinegar of Cantharides (Epispastic). 

B. sé. A blister ; a substance used for blisters. 

1675 Grew Anat. Plants (1682) 286 A Blister. .the common 
Effect of Fire, or any strong Epi ick. 1748 RicHarp- 
son Clarissa (1811) VIII. 253 Thy Epispastics may strip 
the parchment from thy plotting head. 1830 LinpLey 
Nat. Syst. Bot.7 R es fl la and sceleratus are 
powerful epispastics. 1876 BartuoLow Mat. Med. (1879) 
536 An epispastic is a remedy which excites tion 
and vesication. 

Epispore (e‘pispdex). [f. Epr- + Spore. In 
mod.L, prinlades, The outer membrane or 
covering on the spore of a lichen or fern. 

1835 LinpLey /xtrod. Bot. (1848) I1. 128 The membrane 
by which it [the spore] is covered .. soon distends into a 
transparent Epispore. 1874 Cooke Kungi 60 This rosy 
colour .. accumulating exclusively upon the epispore, 

Epistal, obs. var. of EpistyLe. 

Il Epi'state's. Obs. [mod.L. epistatés, a. Gr. 
émoararns one who is set over, f. éi over + o7a- stem 
of i-ordva to set; in Athens, the president of the 
éxxAnoia or assembly.] An overseer, a super- 
intendent. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 41 Where Reason sits sole Epi- 
states. 1731 Baitey vol. II, Efistates, a commander or 
person who has the direction and government of a people. 

|| Epistaxis (episteksis). [mod.L., a. Gr. 
énioragis, f. émaracew to bleed at the nose, f. émi 
upon + o7d¢er to let fallin drops.) Bleeding from 
the nose. 

1793 T. Bevpors Let. Darwin 8 The blood, discharged 
by Epistaxis. 1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 264 Epi- 
staxis is the most common form of hemorrhage. 

Episteler, obs. variant of EpisrLER. 

Epistemological (e:pistimolpdzikal), a. [f. 
next+-ICAL.] Pertaining to EpIsteMoLocy. 

1887 Mind Jan. 128 Prof. Volkelt expressly declines, as 
not forming part of the epistemological problem, the inquiries 
into the metaphysical nature of this relation. 

Epistemology (e:pistimplodzi). [f. Gr. ém- 
a7nyo-, comb. form of émarnun knowledge + 
-Aoyia discoursing (see -L0GY).] The theory or 
science of the method or grounds of knowledge. 

1856 Ferrier /ust. Metaph. 48 This section of the science 
is properly termed the Epistemology. .It answers the general 
question, ‘What is Knowing and the Known?’ or more 
shortly, ‘What is Knowledge?’ 1883 Athenaeum 20 Oct. 
492/3 He divides his work into four sections, dealing with 
epistemology, ontology, anthropology, and ethics. 

+ E:pistemo‘nical, @. Philos. Obs. rare—'. 
[f. Gr. émarnporn-ds capable of knowledge, f. 
emaTnpov knowing, f. émorjun knowledge +-a.] 
? Capable of becoming an object of knowledge. 

a 1688 Cupwortu Jmmut. Mor. wv. v. §5 No Man ever 
was or can be deceived in taking that for an Epistemonical 
Truth which he clearly and distinctly apprehends. 

Episternal (epists-nal), a. Anat. [f. Epi- 
STERN-UM (or its elements) + -AL1.] 

1. Situate upon the sternum or breast-bone. Also, 
pertaining to the episternum; of the nature of an 
epistenum. £fisternal granules : ‘the rudiments 
of the omosternal bones’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1839-47 Topp Cyc/. Anat. III. 838/1 This central piece 
[in Chelonia] is bounded anteriorly by the episternal bones. 
1859 (bid. V. 259/1 The.. left carotid arteries [in man] 
leaving the chest through the episternal notch. 1872 
Mivart Elem. Anat. 65 The ‘episternal granules’ occa- 
sionally present in man are replaced in some mammals by 
considerable horn-like processes. 

2. quasi-sd. 

1852 Dana Crust. 1. 26 Beyond the episternals, the epime- 
rals normally come next in order. 

Episternum (epistsnim). Anat. [f. Epr- + 
STeRNUM.] In mammals, the upper part of the 
sternum or breast-bone ; in other animals, applied 
variously to certain structures adjoining the breast. 

1855 Owen Shel. §& Teeth 39 The long stem of the epi- 
sternum covers the outer part of the groove, where it repre- 
sents the keel of the sternum in birds, 1872 NicHoson 
Palzont. 369 Clavicles were present, as well as an inter- 
clavicle aan 

|| Epistho-tonos, [erroneously formed after the 
analogy of OpisTHOTONOS.] =EMPROSTHOTONOS, 

1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., s.v., A spasmodic affection of 
muscles drawing the body forwards. 
in mod. Dicts. 


Epistides, -ites, -rites, var. ff. HzrHasritis. 

Epistilbite: see Epi- href. 

Epistle (‘pi's'l), sd. Forms: 1, 5-6 epistole, 
(5 -toll), 4-5 epistel(l(e, 4-6 episti(l, (4 api- 
stille), 6 epystole, epystle, 3~ epistle. fa. OF. 
as epistole (mod.F, épitre), ad. L. epistola, a. 

tr, émoroan, f. émoréddav, f. él on the occasion 
of + aré\dew to send. The OE. efistole was 
directly ad. Lat. See Pistix.] 

1. A communication made to an absent person in 
writing; a letter. Chiefly (from its use in transla- 
tions from L, and Gr.) applied to letters written 


1847 in Craic; and 


. oe . —" =~, 


246 


in ancient times, esf, to those which rank as literary 
productions, or (after the analogy of 2) to those 
of a public character, or addressed to a body of 


. In application to ordinary (modem) 
Ietters now only rhetorically or with playful 
or sarcastic implication. 

In the A.V. the word does not occur in the O. T. (but 
occas. in the A ; in the N. T. it appears only in 
sense 2 or uses, /etter being employed in other 
cases. Until the present century it was common to speak, 
e.g., of Cicero’s or Pliny’s ‘epistles’; but Zetters is now 
the usual word in such cases. 

¢893 K. Airrep Oros. m1. xi. 144 Eall heora zewinn 
awaecnedon zrest from Alexandres epistole. c1374 CHAUCER 
Troylus 1. 502 For there was some epistle hem betwene. 
1382 Wyciir 1 Macc. xv. 1 The kyng Antiochus .. sente 
epistilis..to Symont. 1432-50 tr. 17, (Rolls) 1. 11x But 
truly Seynte Ierom in his epistole to Eugenius expressethe, 
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 43a, And he wrotte an 
epistoll to Alexandre. 1529 More Heresyes 1. Wks. 121/1 

olye sainct a in an epystle of hys whyche he wrote 
to the clargy and the people. “x60r Suaxs. Zwei. N. u. iii. 
169, I will drop in his way some obscure Epistles of loue. 
c1645 Howett Lett. 1. i, Epistles, or (according to the 
word in use) Familiar Letters, may be call’d the larum bels 
of Love. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life(1747) III. 426 That there 
was..a Bishop in Philadelphia, is abundantly evident from 
Ignatius’s Epistle to that Church. 1706 J. LoGan in Pa. 
Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 165, I was so jaded with long epistles. 
1781 Gisson Decl. & F. Il. 129 In the epistle or manifesto 
which he [Julian] himself addressed to the senate and 
people of Athens. 1839 Lytron Richelieu u. i, Wide flew 
the doors. .lo, Messire de Beringhen, and this epistle ! 1870 
E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. 111. 143 It was no uncommon thing 
for the epistles to lie many days in the post-office window. 


b. A literary work, usually in poetry, composed 
in the form of a letter. 

¢ 1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 305 Prol. (Camb. MS. ¢ 1430) 
What seyth also the epistelle of Ouyde. 1460 CapGRAVE 
Chron. 81 Ambrose .. that wrot many notabel bokes and 
episteles. 1614 Br. Hart fist. Ded., Further .. your 
Grace shall heerein perceive a new fashion of discourse, b 
Epistles ; new to our language. 1697 Drypen neid Ded. 
(R.), Horace, in his first epistle of the second book. 1714 
Spect. No. 618 ® 3 Let our Poet, while he writes Epistles, 
though never so familiar, still remember that he writes in 
Verse. 1751 CHAMBERS Cyci. s. v., The term epistle is now 
scarce, but for letters wrote in verse, and letters dedicatory. 

+c. A preface or letter of dedication addressed 
to a patron, or to the reader, at the beginning of 
a literary work. Ods. See Depicatory. 

1605 VersteGan Dec. /ntel/. (1628) Pref. Ep., To beginne 
his Epistle (to a huge Volume) with Constantine the great, 
etc. 1637 Decree Star Chamé, §2 in Milton A reop.(Arb.) 
ro All and euery the Titles, Epistles, Prefaces, Proems, Pre- 
ambles, etc. Watton Angler Ep. Ded. 6, I shall not 
adventure to make this Epistle longer. 

2. spec. A letter from an apostle, forming part 
of the canon of Scripture. 

[a 1200 Vices & Virtues 31 Sanctus Paulus us takd on his 
pisteles.] a 122§ Ancr. R.8 In sein lames canoniel epistle. 
¢1380 Wycuir Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 277 Poul tellip in pis 
epistle of fredom of Cristene men. 1432-50 tr. Higden 
(Rolls) I. 149 To whom Paule did wryte an epistole. 1578 
Gude & Godlie Ball. (1868) 63 The Lordis Supper, as it is 
writtin in the first Epistil to the Cor. xj. Chap. 1695 
Locke Reas. Chr. (R.), I answer, that the epistles were 
written upon several occasions. 1704 Netson Festiv. & 
Fasts vii. (1739) 95 The Epistle. .is..an excellent Antidote 
against the Poison of Gnostick Principles. 1882 Farrar 
Early Chr. 11. 483 Eusebius and Origen seem to have re- 
garded the Epistles [John I, II, III) as genuine. 

3. Eccl. The Epistle: The extract from one of 
the apostolical Epistles read as part of the Com- 
munion Service. 

¢ 1440 Gesta Rom. liv. 373 (Add. MS.) The bere seid the 
masse : The asse redde te apistille; The Oxe redde the 
gospell. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 122b, The priest, 
or he that is appointed, shall reade the Epistle. 1578 Gude 
4 Godlie Ball. (1868)63 Ane Ballat of the Epistill on Chris- 
tinmes Euin. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Communion, Imme- 
diately after the Collect the Priest shall read the Epistle. 
1721 Baitey, Zfistler, he who reads the Epistles in a Cath 
dral Church, 1877 J. D. Cuamners Div. Worship 326 The 
other Clergy may sit during the Epistle. 

4. attrib. and Comb., as epistle-book ; also epistle- 
side (of the altar), the south side, from which 
the epistle is read. 
bases Even Dec. W. Jnd. wm. 1x. (Arb.) 178 «4 

¢ whiche I sente vnto.yowre holynes. 1885 
G. 2 Apr. 10/2 The Epistle side of the altar. 
Epi (pis), v. [f. prec. sb.] 
+1. trans. To write as a preface or introduction. 
Obs. rare—'. 

1671 Mitton Samson Pref., In behalf of this tragedy .. 
thus much beforehand ma; be epistled. 

2. +a. To write a letter to (a person). b. To 
write (something) in a letter. vave—", 

1741 Mrs. Fotey in A/rs. ringed Corr, (1861) I. ah If 
fair sister don’t epistle me thi pon 1852 Me 
down—Epistled to the Duke. 

Epistler ig Also 7 episteler. [f. as 
prec.+-ER1, Cf, Eprsrouer.] 

1. The writer of an Eptsrix. 

1610 Br. Hatt Afol. Brownists § 1 


istell 
Mall 


ees of Mam. I. 35 Tis noted 


Let this ignorant 
Hi A 


istler teach his \ bsurd 
om. Wks. 1845 VIL. 372 The best ay half-learnt 
epistlers. 1670 Eacnarp Cont. C .) The young 
epistler is yours to the antipodes, . ARNnotp Lit. & 


a 277 So our Epistler says, ‘ is love’. 
d. Bee ~ = EPISTOLER 2. , f 
16,, Canons Ch. Eng. xxiv. (T.), The principal minister 


EPISTOLER. 


ing a decent cope, and being assisted with the 
and Epistler, 1641 Life § Death Wolsey im Seleet Hook 
me Sepiics ant sfertll Ge 


valece, Alp limseede ae Nees Gospelers, Epi 
— 1721-1800 in Bai.ey ; in mod. Dicts. 

Epi vbl. sb, Obs. [f. EPIstLE v, + 

-ING 1] — *Epistolary matter, correspond- 


epistling 

tpi stolen, sb. Obs. In 6 apistiller. [ad. 
med.L. epistolare, -drium.] The book from which 
the ‘ epistle ’ is read. 

1530 in Gutch Co/Z. Cur. I]. 340 Two Claspes for the 
great Apistiller of silver and 

+Epistolar (pi- ),@. Obs. Also 6 episto- 
lare. [ad. L. epistolar-is, f. epistola: see EPIstL¥.] 
= Episrouary in various senses. 

1579 Twyne Phisicke t. Fortune u. Ded. . 
The Epistolare Preface &f Frauncis Petrarche shag Be 

spent 

opinion upon this point, in a i pede my 

RE Exp. Dan. Pret pa ger is of the 

pistol in 1715 M. Davies 

Ath. Brit. 1. 49 His Epistolar +. was rather copious 
than eloquent. 

Epistolarian (‘pi:stolé~rian), a. and sd. [f. 
L. epistola, after antiquarian, etc.] 

adj. Addicted to or occupied in letter- 
writing. 

1838 Grant Sk. Lond. 7 The admirable tactics of these 
epistolarian impostors. 

B. sb. A Letter-welter: 

1807 Anna Porter Hungar. Bro. ii. (26) 27 I'll main- 
tain this sweet ser ising epistolarian to be a 

sedan ae (4pi'stolarili), adv. [f. Episto- 
LARY +-LY %.] In an epistolary manner, by letter. 

1854 THackeray Newcomes 1. 28 Our friendship carried 
on epistolarily as it has been. 

t E ‘stolarly, adv. Ods. [f. Episronar + 
-LY 2.] = prec. 

1693 W. Frexe Sel. Essays xxxiii. 207, I will not say, 
that..we may not justly write Epistolarly to a Church. x 

E (#pr'stélari), a. [ad. F. épistolaire, 
ad. L. epistolaris, f. epistola Evist1x.] 

1. Of or pertaining to letters or letter-writing. 

1656 Biount Glossogr. 1682 Drypven Relig. Laici : 
The style of them [the verses] is what it ought to be, 
epistolary. 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 87 P 2 The Rules of 

pistolary Writing. 1730 Swift's Corr. Wks. 1841 I1. 636, 
I seek no epistolary fame. 1780 Cowper Let#. 16 Mar., I saw 
the reason of your epistolary brevity. Miss Mitrorp 
in L’Estrange Z¢/e III. xiii. 231 My excellent little maid .. 
has every clan except the talent epistolary. 

b. adsol. 

1812 Examiner Nov. 753/1_ Your Ro Highness 
stands upon sana lex pout Sova al the alias J 

2. Contained in letters; of the nature of letters ; 
carried on by letters. 

H. Dopwe t (¢#t/e), An Epist Discourse, proving 
a Scriptures .. that the Soul is a Principle naturally 
Mortal. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 511 ® 1, I do intend to 
continue my epistolary correspondence with thee. a1826 
T. Jerrerson in Sir ¥. Sinclair’s Corr. (1831) 11. 48, I 
recall .. the days of our former intercourse, and 
epistolary. 1880 E. Wurre Cert. Relig. 52 In the epistolary 
portions of the New Testament, written by the Apostles. 

8. Of or pertaining to an ‘ epistle dedicatory’. 

168: T. Mannincuam Disc, 63 (T.) Scarce allowing the 
author one epi compliment. a1764 Lioyp Poems, 
On Rhyme, Or with epistolary bow, Have prefac’d, as if 
scarce know how. ‘ 

4. Pertaining to ‘the epistle’ read in the Com- 
munion Service. 

1722 Eng, Complutens. Ed. New Test. in Somers Tracts 
Il. The Cork of Eagand be. aaa ee 
lig Reading oft in ne of Epistolary Sections. 

Epi‘stolatory, «. arch. [Erroneous forma- 
tion. = prec. 

Y ) M. Davies Ath, Brit. 1. Pref. eee same Epi- 

ry kind. ono Mise. ; 

next eight volumes 
pact ~ lence. 1856 Sat. Rev. ps 506/1 Ad- 
‘ks on epistolatory lit 


abl pee . 

Epistole, obs. var. of Erist.E. 

Epistolean, vare—'. A writer of epistles or 
letters ; a correspondent. 

cae C. CLarke nee Suppl.), He has been a 
n int e as i. 

Epistoler (/pi'stla1). Also 9 epistoller. 

ad. F, eal ad. L. epistolaris, f. epistola 

ISTLE. 

ro i i Wie Ete 
thoes ‘7648 C. fie Pid, Fadepond 1 tie ‘A Pre- 
amble of great respect and love born to him by the E 6 
1880 Saintssury in Academy 10 af eager a 


] 
written epi: of fame. 1881 Sat. Kev. 
ul: * oo great epistolers and speakers. 
= x Eel One who reads the ‘epistle’ in the Com- 
munion Service; = EPISTLER 2. 


P. the H. 
Sroane Repo 90 bat when a greater Man then. shia Eph 
stoler made me the like Threat, I laugh’d thereat. Neat 
Cope, with Cospeller, and Epipoler sbap Est, Charehon 

» wi ’ fe . a 
Vv. T » epi deacon, subdeacon, 
960 J Sci in Life xi. (3889) 210, I gospeller, 


Bacjees coin 


EPISTOLET. 


_Epistolet (‘pi'stdlét). nonce-wd. [f. L. epistol-a 

+-ET. Cf. It. epzstoletta.] A small epistle. 

1824 Lams Lett, xiv. Bernard Barton 134 You see thro’ 
my wicked intention of curtailing this epistolet. 

}Episto'lic, 2. Ols. [a. Gr emorchu-ss, £ 
émoroAn: see EPISTLE.] @. = EPISTOLOGRAPHIO. 
b. = Eprstouary. 

1741 Warsurton Div. Legat. Il. 97, Three sorts of letters, 
the Epistolic, the Hieroglyphic, and the Symbolic. 1760 
Antig. in Ann, Reg. 156/1 The epistolic [writing], composed 
of alphabetic characters. 1777 Jounson Let. Mrs. Thrale 
27 Oct., To make a letter .. without news, and without a 
secret, is doubtless, the great epistolick art. 

+ Episto'lical, 2. Ods. [f. as prec.+-aul.] 
= EPISTOLARY. 

1655 Let. Harthd. in Ref, Commonw. Bees 30 A large 
Epistolical discourse. 1670 Let. in Fox Bourne Locke (1876) 
I. v. 253 You cannot be better pleased with our epistolical 
converse than I am, a@1742 Benttey Le¢t. 154 (R.) An 
epistolical dissertation on John Malelas. _ 

+ Epi‘stolist. Ods. [f. L. ef¢stol-a Epistie 
+-IsT.] One who writes epistles. 

1743 Miss Carter Left. (1809) I. 28, I am extremely 
obliged to you .. for your account of the Italian epistolists. 
1819 SoutHey Lett, (1856) III. 146 Detestable Dapple ; 
Evil Epistolist; False Fellow. 1853 M1att Bases of Belief 
Iv. § 10 (1861) 230 These New Testament epistolists. 

Epi‘stolizable, a. [f. as next+-aBLE.] That 
may form the subject of a letter. 

1827 WHEWELL in Todhunter Acc. W’s Writ. (1876) II. 

If any epistolizable matter occurs to me, I will make a 
shot at him, | y ; 

Epistolization (‘pistdloizzi-fan). rare. [f. 
EPISTOLIZE +-ATION.] The writing of letters. 

1802 Soutuey Lett. (1856) I. 195 Remembrances that I 
always choose to forget in my epistolisation. 

Ppistolixe (¢pi'stdlaiz), v. Also 9 epistlize. 
[f. L. efzstol-a EPISTLE + -1ZE.] 

1. intr. To write a letter. 

1645 Howe t Le?t, I. 1. i, There are some who.. Preach 
when they should Epistolize. 1828 Soutnry Leé¢. (1856) 
IV. 117 This may stand over. .till I epistolize again. a 1834 
Lams Final Mem. viii. 278 Very very tired! I began this 
epistle, having been epistolising all the morning. 

2. trans. To write a letter to (a person). 

1739 Mrs. Detany A utobiog. & Corr. (1861) II. 50 It is 
not always in my power to do what I like best, or you would 
have been epistolized much sooner. 1773 Gipson JZisc. 
Wks. (1814) IL. 112 Forgive and epistolize me. 1789 CowPER 
Let. 23 June, I hope it will be long before I shall have 
occasion to epistolize thee again. 1810 Byron Let. H. 
Drury 3 May, St. Paul need not trouble himself to epi- 
stolise the present brood of Ephesians. 1829 WHeEWweELt in 
Todhunter Acc. W’s Writ. (1876) II. 101, I epistolize you 
in preference to, etc. 1835 Zazt’s Mag. II. 92 He thus re- 
trospectively epistlized his friend. 

Hence Epis‘tolizer, a writer of letters. 
stolizing v/. sd. 

1634 W. Woop New Eng. Prosp. Ded. Note, I should 
take upon me the usuall straine of a soothing Epistolizer. 
1760 STERNE Let. 3 Aug. Wks. 1819 IV. 194 A fine set essay 
in the style of your female Serene, cut and trimm’d at 
all points. 1856 Cham>. ¥rnd. V. 66 That production so dear 
to the feminine epistoliser—a crossed letter. a 1645 HowELL 
Lett. 1.11. xxxvii, Cryptology, or Epistolizing in a Clandestin 
way. 7738. tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. XI. xiv. 364 This 
way of Epistolizing made use of no Notes. 1804 SccraEy 
Lett, (1856) 1. 283 Do you admire the catechistical form of 
epistolising ? 

Epistolographic (¢pi:st/logrefik), a. [ad. 
Gr, émoarodoypagir-ds, f. Emorodn (see EPISTLE + 
"ypap-ew to write.] Used in the writing of letters. 
Applied esf. to the form of the ancient Egyptian 
character so employed: called also Demoric and 
Encnoriat. (The Gr. word is thus applied by 
Clement of Alexandria and Porphyry.) 

1699 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. xi. 64 The method of al 
Egyptian Leters, which is called Epistolographic. 1862 
He Sexsicrh First Princ. (1870) 349 The hieratic and the 
epistolographic or enchorial. 

So Epi:stolo‘grapher, Epi:stolo'graphist, a 

writer of letters. Epi:stolo‘'graphy, letter-writ- 
ing. 
1824 Dispin Libr. Comp. 579 Marcus Tullius Cicero, at 
once an orator, a philosopher and epistolographer. 1822 
New Monthly Mag. V1. 20 Your kinsman and epistologra- 
phist, Numenius. 1888 M. Aracnos in Amer. Annals of 
Deaf Apr. 102 Epistolography amounts almost to a passion 
with Helen, 

sf agora (e‘pistgm, e'pistoum). Zoo/. [ad. 
mod.L, epistoma, f. Gr. émi upon + oréua mouth.] 
An appendage in front of the mouth in Crustacea 
and certain insects. 

1852 Dana Crust. 1. 25 The base of the antennz is thus 
cut off from the rest of the epistome. 1878 Bett Gegen- 
bauer’s Comp, Anat. 160 The mouth..is in one division 
overhung by a movable process—the epistom. 

ll Rpistrophe (epi'strgfz). [mod.L., a. Gr. 
émorpopn, f. émt upon + otpoph a tuming, f. 
otpepew to turn.] 

1. Rhet. A figure of speech in which each sen- 
tence or clause ends with the same word. 

1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv, (1854) Addr. 8 Feigned 
speeches, prosopopeias and epistrophes. @1679 Hopses 
Rihet. w. v. 149 Repetition of the same sound in the end is 
called Eeierenhe, a turning to the same sound in the end. 
1706 A. Beprorp Temple Mus. Yap Epistrophe’s, or End- 
ings of the Verses in the same Words. 1845 J. W. Gisps 
Philol. Studies (1857) 207 Epistrophe ., is the repetition of 


Epi'- 


247 


a word at the end of successive clauses; as, ‘ we are born to 
sorrow, pass our time in sorrow, end our days in sorrow’. 

2. Philos, (See quot.) 

1856 R. VauGHAN Mystics (1860) I. 72 That doctrine of 
the Epistrophe—the return of all intelligence by a law of 
nature to the divine centre. 

3. Bot. (See quot.) 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 750 In one mode, which he calls 
Epistrophe, the protoplasm and chlorophyll-granules collect 
on the free cell-walls. 

Epistrophy (¢pi'strffi). Bot. =EpisTRoPHE 3. 

Epistyle (e'pistsil). Archit. Also 7 epistal. 
[ad. L. episty/ium, Gr. émorvdor, f. emi upon + 
orbdos pillar.] = ARCHITRAVE. 

[1563 SHuTE Archit. Cj b, Vpon the Capitall shalbe layde 
or set Epistilium. a1623 W. Pemste Exp. Zachary 
(1629) 160 Pillars of Stone, whose Epistylia or Chapiters 
were wrought about in fashion of a Crowne. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey.] 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 287 The walls and paue- 
ment of polished marble. .with pillars, and Epistals of like 
workmanship. 1860 Lewin Yerusalem 224 Which would 
yield about 23 feet for .. each epistyle measured from the 
centres of the columns. ° 

Hence Episty'lar a., belonging to the epistyle. 

1849-50 WEALE Dict. Terms s.v. Epistylium, Epistylar 
arcuation is the system in which columns support arches 
instead of horizontal architraves and entablatures. 

Episuperstru'ction. vonce-wd. [f. Ept- + Su- 
PERSTRUCTION.] Additional superstruction. 

1840 De Quincey Wks. x. 190 By superstruction and 
efi-superstruction it is gradually reared to a giddy altitude. 

Episyllogism (episil6dziz’m). Logic. [ad. 
mod.L. epesyllogismus : see Ept- and SYLLoGisM.] 
(See quot.) 

1860 App. THomson Laws Th. § 111,207. 1884 tr. Lotze’s 
Logic 95 Every conclusion of a syllogism may. .become the 
major premiss of another syllogism; the first is then called 
the Arosyllogism of the second, and each one that follows 
the episyllogism of the one which preceded it. 

Epitactic (epitektik), a. [ad. Gr, émraxrin-ds, 
f. émrdooev to enjoin, f. émé upon + tacoew to 
appoint.] Of the nature of an injunction. 

1845 WHEWELL Elem. Morality Pref. 16 The categorical 
form involves an epitactic meaning. 

Epitaph (e pitaf),sd. Forms: a.(4epithphy) 5 
epytaphy, (6 epetaphy), 5-6 epitaphye, -taphie. 
B. 5-6 epitaphe, (5 epythaphe, epithaphe, 
epetaph, epitaff, 7-epitaph. [ad. L. epztaphium, 
a. Gr. émraguov, neut. of émraguios adj. (spoken) 
on the occasion of a burial, (written) upon a tomb, 
f, émé upon + Tdpos sepulture, tomb. The 8 forms 
prob. a. Fr. cpitaphe.] 

1. An inscription upon a tomb. Hence, occa- 
sionally, a brief composition characterizing a de- 
ceased person, and expressed as if intended to be 
inscribed on his tombstone. 

a. [1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 225 Pis geauntes efzta- 
phium, pat is, be writynge of mynde of hym pat lay bere, 
was suche.] /é¢d. VII. 149 His epithphy— hat is, writynge 
on his grave. ¢1470 Harpine Chron. xcyil. xv, Y¢ bishop 
of Rome..on his tombe set his epitaphye. 1520 Test. Ebor. 
(Surtees) V. 123 Such a epitaphie as shall be devised by 
me or my executours, 1538 Leann /¢/w. II. 49 A rich 
Tumbe of Alabastre. .having this Epitaphie on it. 

B. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 326 Her epitaphe of good assise 
Was write about. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xx, An Epy- 
thaphe anone he dyd do graue Inhis honour. ¢ 1532 Dewrs 
Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1032 (title) An epitaphe made upon 
the deth of Frenche. 1583 (¢zt/e), A Booke of Epitaphes 
made upon the Death of Sir William Buttes. 162: Burton 
Anat, Mel. u. iii, u1, For all Orations..Epithaphes, herses 
. he dies like a hog. 171x Appison Sfect. No. 25 P 5 An 
Italian Epitaph written on the Monument of a Valetudi- 
narian. 1816 Scotr Old Mort. i, They belong, we are 
assured by the epitaph, to the class of persecuted Presby- 
terians. 1849 Lytton Caxtozs 103 But no epitaph tells 
their virtues. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Goethe Wks. (Bohn) I. 382 
The rolling rock leaves its scratches on the mountain .. the 
fern and leaf their modest epitaph in thecoal. 1860 FARRAR 
Orig. Lang. i. 26 That gigantic and mysterious epitaph 
of humanity. 

2. Comb. 

1709 STEELE Tatler No. 99 ® 5 What will become of your 
Embalmers, Epitaph-Mongers, and Chief Mourners? 

Epitaph (epitaf), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. a. To describe in an epitaph; with 
compl. b. To write an epitaph upon. 

1592 G. Harvey Four Lett. 19 Let mee rather be Epitaphed, 
the Inuentour of the English Hexameter. 1818 J. Brown 
Psyche 114 Epitaph’d an honest man. 1865 A thenxune No. 
1992. 929/1 Proudly entombed and epitaphed. 

+2. intr. To speak or write as in an epitaph ; 
impers. in pass. Also, To epitaph it. Obs. 

1627 Be. Hatt Heaven on Earth § 18 The commons .. in 
their speeches epitaph vpon him as on that Pope, ‘He 
lived as a wolfe, and died as a dogge’. 1633 T. ADAms 
Exp. 2 Peter ii. 15 (1865) 511 But many a man may say of 
his wealth, as it was epitaphed on that pope. @ 166x FuLLER 
Worthies (1840) I. 21x The poet thus epitapheth it. 

oe ter ers (epita:for). rare, [f. EprraPH v. 
or s6.+-ER1.] The writer of an cea 

1589 NasHE in Greene’s Menaphon (Ar as itaphers, 
and position Poets haue wee more than a good many. 1883 
American V1. 231 Of whom the epitapher wrote. 

Epitaphial (epite'fidl), a. rave. [f. Gr. ém- 
Tagi-os (see EPITAPH) +-AL1,] Contained in sepul- 
chral inscriptions, 


EPITHEOA. 


1862 Lowe. Biglow P. Ser. 11. 96, I cannot conceive that 
the epitaphial assertions of heathens should be esteemed of 
more authority. 

So Epita‘phian @., +a. (of a speech) delivered 
on the occasion of a funeral (0ds.); 1b. pertaining 
or appropriate to an epitaph. 

1641 Mitton Animadv. Wks. (1847) 64/2 To imitate the 
noble Pericles in his Epitaphian speech .. falls into a pitti- 
full condolement. 1852 Blackw. Mag. LXXI. 724 But now 
to Vincent Bourne’s epitaphian conciseness, 

Also Epita’phic, Epita‘phical, adjs., pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, an epitaph. E‘pi- 
taphist, a writer of epitaphs. E‘pitaphize v. 
trans., to write an epitaph upon. Evpitaphless a. 

1883 St. Fames’s Gaz, 15 Feb. 5 The death of Wagner has 
given occasion to some startling *epitaphic passages in the 
German papers. 1577-87 HotinsHep Chron. III]. 1243/2, I 
will here deliuer such *epitaphicall verses as I haue found 
touching king Edward the first. 1883 Sat. Rev. LVI. 108 
After some preliminary praise, the “epitaphist works himself 
up to a grand effort, thus. @ 1843 SoutHey Cowzz.-A1. Bh. 
Ser, 11. (1849) 210 The Conde de Salinas *epitaphized him. 
1883 P. Ropinson Some Poets’ Dogs, Cowper .. epitaphises 
Sir John Throckmorton’s pointer. @ 1839 Gatr Devon 
Dest. 1. (1840) 10 The *epitaphless pyramids. 

Epitaphy: see Epirarn. 

|| Epitasis (epi'tasis). Also 6 epitazis. [mod. 
L., a, Gr. éniraais, f. émreiver to intensify, f. én 
upon + reive to stretch.] ‘That part of a play 
where the plot thickens’ (Liddell and Scott). 

The Alexandrian grammarians regarded a dramatic work 
as consisting of three parts, the pvofas?s or introduction, 
the efitaszs, in which the action begins, and the catastrophe. 
Cf. Carastasis and quots. under that word. 

1589 GREENE Menaphon (Arb.) 50 To make a more pleasing 
Epitazis, it fell out amongst them thus. a 1626 Bp. An- 
DREWES Seri. (1856) I. 95 Being in the theatre all the 
while from the epitasis to the very catastrophe. 1759-67 
Sterne Tr. Shandy (1802) Il. v. 159 This matter..may 
make no uninteresting underplot in the epitasis and work- 
ing-up of this drama, 1815 Hist. ¥. Decastro 1. 259 The 
epitasis thereof, that is to say, the bustle, comes next. 

+ Epita'tical, . Ods. rare. [f. Gr. émrarix-ds, 
f. émreivew to exaggerate, intensify (see prec.) + 
-AL.] Intensive. Hence + Epita'tically adv., in 
an intensive manner. 

1652 Urquuart Yewel Wks. (1834) 292 Either epitatically 
or_hypocoristically, as the purpose required, i 

Epithalamial (e:pipalzi-mial), a. [f. Evrrna- 
LAMI-UM+-AL!.] Of the nature of an epithala- 
mium. 

1879 Excycl. Brit. UX. 162/1 He [Filelfo] wrote epithalamial 
and funeral orations, 1884 Symonps Shaks, Predecessors 
ix, 347, ‘The epithalamial hymns of Catullus. 

pithala'miast. rare. [f. EpirHanami-um 
after ecomzast, etc.] A composer of an epithala- 
mium., 

1846 Lanpor Ws. (1853) I. 515 Are not they rather the 
pale-faced reflections of some kind epithalamiast from Livo- 
nia or Bessarabia ? 

Epithalamic (e:pipalemik), a. [f. Eprrnat- 
AM-IUM+-Ic.] Of or pertaining to an epithala- 
mium. 

1756 Totpervy Hist. Two Orphans 1V. 200 The youths 
and maids. .performed this epithalamic ode. 1796 Burney 
Mem, Metastasio 1. 390 Both the Epithalamic Psalm 
and the Cantata of Eunosto. 1846 Grote Greece (1862) I. 
i. 50 The ‘ Sacred Wedding’..was familiar to epithalamic 
poets. 1884 Stockton Lady or Tiger 12 Dancing maidens 
.. treading an epithalamic measure. 

\| Epithalamium (e:pipalétmivm). P/.epitha- 
lamiums, -ia. Also 6-7 epithalamion, 7 epy- 
thalamium. [L. epzthalamium, a. Gr. émOardior, 
neut. of émOadrduos, f. éi upon + Oddapos bride 
chamber.] A nuptial song or poem in praise of 


the bride and bridegroom, and praying for their 
prosperity. 

1595 SPENSER (title) Epithalamion. 
(1842) 54 Sing us some sweete epithalamion. 1607 Marston 
What You Will u. i, Epythalamiums will I singe. 1653 
Chria & Narcissus 1. 81 To sing Epithalamions to our 
marriage Feasts. 1684 ‘1. Burnet 7h. Earth u, 168 The 
45th psalm. .is an epithalamium to Christ and the Church. 
1739 Metmotn Fitzosb. Lett. (1763) 339 Give me timely 
notice of your wedding day, that I may be prepared with 
my Epithalamium, 1828 Cariyte J7/7sc. (1857) I. 163 
Epithalamiums, epicediums. 1859 Hosnouse /tady II. 210 
The Epithalamiums of Catullus and of Statius. 1860 ADLER 
Fauriel’s Prov. Poetry iv. 67 The epithalamia belonged like- 
wise to the popular class of poetry. 2 
attrib. 162x Quartes Argalus § P. (1678) 102 Meanwhile, 
a dainty warbling Brest..presents this Epithal’mion Song. 

Hence Epitha‘lamize v. ¢vams., to compose an 


epithalamium for. 

1802 T. Twinine in Sed. Papers Twining Family (1887) 
243 He will epithalamise you in person, I suppose. 

+Epithalamy. Also 7 epithalmie. Angli- 
cized form of prec. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xxvi. (Arb.) 65 And they 
were called Epithalamies as much to say as ballades at the 
bedding of the bride. 1652 Sparke Prim. Devot. (1663) 64 
Angels and men with combin’d harmony, Contend to sing 
this epithalamy. 1655 tr. Hist. Francion V. 21, I was re- 
solved to have her Epithalamy sung by the Musicians of 
the New bridge. Thid. VI. 11 Understanding that he was 
to marry, he offered to make the Epithalamy. 


|| Epitheca (epipz*ka). Zool. [L. epitheca, Gr. 
&monen, f. émi upon + Onxn case.) A continuous 
layer surrounding the thecz in some corals, 


¢1600 Timon 1. v. 


EPITHELIAL. 


Hence Epithe'cal a., of, or pertaining to, an 
epitheca. Epithe’cate a., provided with anepitheca. 

186r J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd. u. Calent. 190 
The development..of an epitheca, ccenenchyma, and other 
similar structures. 1! . Tomson Voy. Challenger 
IL, i. 51, The extern surface of the calicle is covered 
with a glistering epitheca. 1883 Atheneum 24 Nov. S79/3 
The majority of the corallites of the colony arise from 
basal epithecate structure. 

Epithelial (epiprlial), a. [f. Eprrneri-um + 
-aL1.] Of or pertaining to the epithelium; of the 
nature of epithelium; a. in animals; b. in plants. 

a. Topp & Bowman Phys. Anat, 1. 90 A pavement 
of nucleated epithelial particles. 1859 CarreNTeR Avim. 


248 
still for it. Rem Aristotle’. . iv. $6.95 Th 
si te ee tad modal are applied to sllogisns ros 
well as to propositions. 1839 THirtwatt I. 173 


S| b. nonce-use. 
1615 Cuarman Ody. 
where doth beat Bright 

all that kingdom, 
2. A significant appellation. 
(A spurious word ‘ Ezthite; a plotter, traitor’, given in 
mod. Dicts., originated in a misunderstanding of quot. 1607.) 
1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (1884) 61 Christen them 
names and epithites nothing — or appliante to the 
ILKi 


thi themselves. G. ins Miseries Inforst 


Phys. i. (1872) 42 The epithelial layer of the mem- 
branes. Huxtey PAys. ii. 36 An internal membranous 
and epithelial lining, called the endocardium. 

b. 1862 H. Macmitian in Macm. Mag. Oct. 464 Numerous 
epithelial scales may be observed. 1884 Bower & Scorr 

¢ Bary’s Phaner. & Ferns 447 A special layer, often con- 
sisting of numerous small epithelial cells. 

Epitheliate (epip7 lit), 2. [f. EprrHELI-uM 

4+-ATE3,] intr. To become covered with epithe- 
lium, as a wound when beginning to heal. 

1887 Brit. Med. Frnt. No. 1357+ 13/2 It was beginning to 
epitheliate. | | See 

Epithelioid (epip7lijoid’, a, [f. as prec. + 
-o1p.] Resembling epithelium. 

by T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1.139 Cells of a more or less 
epithelioid type are packed together. 

|| Epithelioma (epipzlijauvma). Path. PI. 
-mata., [mod.L. f. epzthélium, after carcinoma, 
etc.] (See quot. 1878.) 

1872 F. Tuomas Dis. Women 555 Cancer may affect the 
lining membrane in the form of vegetating epithelioma. 
1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 465 Rindfleisch calls them 
cicatrical epitheliomata. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 124 
Epithelioma and epithelial cancer are terms given to a form 
of cutaneous cancer from its similarity in structure to the 
epithelial elements of the natural skin. 

| Epithelium (epiplidm). [mod.L. epithe- 
Zium, {. Gr. éni upon + 67An teat, nipple.] 

1. Anat. A non-vascular tissue forming the outer 
layer of the mucous membrane in animals. 

1748 Hartiey Observ. Man 1. ii. 117 The Impressions 
can easily penetrate the soft Epithelium. 1842 PricHarp 
Nat. Hist. Man (1845) 87 The different appearances of the 
epithelia or outer membranous linings of all the surfaces. 
1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 237 The superficial layer of the 


skin so reflected inwards is termed epithelium, which is | 


thus but a modified epidermis. : 

2. Bot. An epidermis consisting of young thin- 
sided cells, filled with homogeneous transparent 
colourless sap. (7veas. Bot.) 

3870 BentLey Bot. 49 The canal of the style, and the 
stigma of Flowering Plants are also covered by a modified 
epidermis .. to which the name of Epithelium has been 
given by Schleiden. | 

Epithem (e'pibém), s). A/ed. Also 6-7 epi- 
theme, (6 epythyme, 7 epithyme). [ad. Gr. 
énideua, f. émribévar, f. emi upon + TIWévar to 
place.] ‘Any kind of moist, or soft, external ap- 
plication’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1559 MorwynG Evonym. 37 They make no epithem or 
outward medicine at this day, but they put roosewater in 
it. c1g70 Tuynne Pride & Low. (1841) 81 Here is described 
an Epythyme [4 syll.]; Warm it and lappe it close unto thy 
brest. 16ar Burton Anat. Mel. 1. v. 1. v, Bruel prescribes 
an Epitheme for the heart of Buglosse, Borage, etc. 1651 
DAVENANT Gondibert 11. 1. xx, With cordial epithems the 
bathed her breast. 1816 L. Towne Farmer & Grazier's 
Guide 19 Rub the Epithem thoroughly on the Part. 1863 
Reape Very Hard Cashin All Y. Round 11 July 458/1 The 
treatment hitherto has been hot epithems to the abdomen. 

+ E-pithem, v. és. [f. prec. sb.] frans. To 
put an epithem upon. 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. 1. i. 49 Let the head be 
epithemed in the place where the aquositie or watriness is. 

|| E:pithema‘tion (-'tin). Obs. Also 7 epi- 
thymation. [late L. efithemation, Gr. *émbepariov, 
dim. of éi@eya: see aa) A small plaister. 

161g Crooxe Body of Man 242 To this day we vse to 
apply Epithymations to them, 1715 Kersey, Epithemation, 
a Plaister, Salve, or Ointment, to be laid upon a Sore. 

|| Epithesis. [Gr. érideois placing upon, addi- 
tion, f. nf upon + 79évar to place ; but Tourneur’s 
sense is obscure. 

x600 Tourneur Trans. Met. xxxiv, And make his heart 
Epithesis of sinne. 

Epithet (e:piptt), so. Forms: 6-7 epithete, 
-thite, epethite, (6 epithat, epythite, -the), 6- 
epithet. [ad. L. efitheton, a. Gr. ériderov adj., neut. 
of énideros attributed, f. émrévau, f. éwi upon + 
midévar to place. Cf. Fr. epithéte. ] 

The Gr. word was used by grammarians for ‘adjective’, 
but they did not distinguish between adjs. and descriptive 
sbs. in apposition with a name.] . 

1. An adjective indicating some quality or attri- 
bute which the speaker or writer regards as char- 
acteristic of the person or _ described. 

1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. -, Your two last Epi- 
thetes wherein you disgrace the law with rudenesse and 
barbarisme. 1612 Dexker // it be not good, etc. Wks. 1873 
IIL. 308, T’expresse whose vilenes, there’s no epithite. 
a1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 11. 240 His epithets were 
preg with ph 1718 Lavy M. W. Montacue 
Lett. 11. xlix. 56, I admired the exact hy of Homer 
., almost every epithet he gives to a mountain or plain is 


Marriage ¥ iij, Sir Will, Like to a swine. Lord Faul- 
conb, A perfect Epythite: hee feeds on draffe, And wal- 
lowes in the mire. 1634 W. Woop New Engi. Prosp. 1. 
v, Many of these trees.. have epithites contrary to the 
nature of them as they grow in England. Pettus 
Fleta Min. u. 2 Before we fix our Title or Epithite to the 
Master of this Science. 1 Morcan Algiers 1. vi. 201 
He assumed the proud Epithet of Sultan or Monarch of 
Tunis and all paar. 1862 Sir B. Bropre Psychol. Ing. 
II. iv. 129 We. .employ the French term of ennui, for want 
of an equally appropriate epithet in English. 

+8. Used for: A term, phrase, expression. Obs. 

1599 SHaks. Much Ado v. ii. 67 Suffer loue! a good epi- 
thite; I do suffer loue indeede ; for I loue thee against my 
will. 1604 —Oth.1.i. 14 A bumbast Circumstance Horribly 
stufft with Epithites of warre. 

4. attrib. 

1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. vi. 227 The epithet-period 
points to a vast series of bygone ages. 1884 Manch. ‘Roan: 
26 May 3/1 To increase the epithet power of our tongue in 
coining adjectives. — 

Epithet (e"pipét), v. [f. prec. sb.]  ¢vans. ta. 
To add (a word) as an epithet (o/s.). b. To 
apply an epithet to. ce. To term, entitle. 

1628 Watton in Relig. Wotton (1672) 566 Never was a 
town better Epithited. 1637 H. Sypennam Serm. 11. 136 
Ecclesiasticall honour (Episcopall he epithetes). 1650 Fvi- 
Ler Pisgah 1. Ep. Ded., Francis your Avus, whose death 
I would epithete Uistinely. 1659 — Appeal li. 7 Mr. Fox 
hath now the casual favour of my Pen to be epithited 
Reverent. 1698 Christ Exalted 88 Here are Whisperings, 
Surmises, Slanders and Reproaches, and these epethited 
with being private, evil, insinuated and clandestine. 1882 
G. Macponatp in Sunday Mag. X1. 80/2 Woeful Miss 
Witherspin, as Mark had epitheted her. 

Epitheted (epipeted), pp/. a. rare. [f. Ept- 
THET sb, or 7. +-ED.] @. Abounding with epithets. 


b. Designated by epithets. 

1808 Wotcott (P. Pindar) One more Peep at R, Acad. 
Wks. 1812 V. 36 Doctor Darwin won a name By glittering 
tinsel, epitheted rhyme. 1880 World 10 Nov. 6/2 The 
profusely epitheted horse. 

Epithetic (epipetik), a. [ad. Gr. émberikds, f. 
émridévar (see EPITHET).] 

+a. Abounding with epithets (0ds.). b. Per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, an epithet. 

1764 Luoyp Poems, On Rhyme 178 Verse .. which flows 
In epithetic measured prose. 1868 ArsER in Sidney's Apol. 
Poetrie Introd. 12 The epithets and epithetic phrases. 1874 
Sayce Compar. Philol. vi. 223 A language in which we 
may well expect to find general epithetic terms. 

Hence Epithe'tical a.=EPITHETIC. Bpithe'ti- 
cally adv., in an epithetic manner. 

1715 M. Davies /con Libell. I. 10 Some other Epithetical 
Term or Additional Word. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xl, Sam, 
after bandying a few epithetical remarks with Mr. Smouch, 
followed at once. 1841 D’IsraeLt Amen. Lit. (1867) 557 
Shakespeare bears away the prize among these epithetical 
allotments. 1857 F. Hatrin Pend. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (1859) 
XXVII. 223 The word for ‘sun’... is, in the bey meee repre- 
sented epithetically by a compound signifying ‘ the not cold- 
rayed’. 1868 — Benaves Anc. & Mod. 20 At least thirty or 
forty epithetical designations of Benares are scattered, etc. 

+ Evpithetish, a. Os. rare—'. [f. Errrner sd, 
+-ISH.] Inclined to the use of epithets. 

1777 Wotcott (P. Pindar) in Polwhele 7rad. § Recoll. 
(1826) I, 49 You were too epithetish. 

E-pitheti-ze, v. rare. [f. as prec. + -IZE.] 
trans. To apply an epithet /o. 

1716 M. Davies AZh. Brit. 11. 214 The foremention’d ve 
fale Son of the Church, that dar’d Epithetize him wit 
that insolent Character. 1809 Month. Mag. XXVIII. x 
The images of (as he epithetizes them) scabby Job, bli 
Tobit, etc. 

| Epitheton. 0és. 
thetone, 7 epithiton. 
énlderov : see Evrrnet sd.] 

1, What is ascribed to a person; an attribute. 

1547 Hoover Answ. Bp. Winchester’s Bk. Wks. (Parker 
Soc.) 124 This is properly the Epitheton of God to be of 
nothing but of himself. 

2. = Eprrner 1 and 2. 

x Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 621 Alter the Epithe- 
thons, and I will subscribe. 15; Housnep Scot. 
Chron. (1806) 11. 361 The rebellious faction (for by that 
name and epitheton doth Buchanan always term those that 
took the bee part), 1609 Brste (Douay) /’s. cxliv, comm., 

e 


Also 6 apathaton, epi- 
[late L. epitheton, Gr, 


King, is epitheton of Christ, the Sonne of God. 
x61, SprEp Hist, Gt. Brit. v. ii. § 4 The worthy Epitheton 
of King Edgar. ¢1720 Greson Farrier’s Dispens.(1734) 197 
His nt powder, which he says has not that Epitheton 
for nought. . 

+E . Bot. Obs, Also 6 epithime. 
[ad. L. epithymon, Gr. twidvpov, f. émi upon + 
Ospov thyme.] The Cuscuta Epithymum or 


Dodder, a parasitic plant growing on thyme, etc, 


EPITOME. 

{ce Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 1 
faedbok) Luovp Treas. Huth Tite tee 
a me , ana 3ii, 162x Burton Anat. Mel. 

fe 5s Ve 


and yme, 
Fumitory. 1725 Braptey . Dict. s.v. Saxifrage, 
ii Branch’ A tent Epes 2 zi ag 
sor bree ipime'tik), a. Also 7 epi- 
—— (e,9 Pee Gr. agile: f. ém6v- 
ew to desire, f. éré upon + Ovpds soul, appetite. 
Cesnecied with desire or appetite. J 
. Arraignm, Whole Creat: iii. § 3. 
ulty of the Soule so be aap 3 Gods - tie 375 Ne 
which Phi’ calls Epithumetike ; the burning appetite, 
e desire — he Soule, 1822 ba ge gieless 357 Re- 
ptacles metic " RTINEA\ 
= Theory L 97 Tea teorent (or opith F part of h > 
ure. 
Hence + Epithyme'tical, a. Os. in same sense. 
x Sm_T. Browne Pseud. Ef. v. xxi. § 13. 267 By the 
—— heart and parts which God requires are devided 
pepe inferiour and epithumeticall organs. 1847 in 
+ Epithymy. Oés. rare—. [ad. Gr. émbvyia 
desire.] Desire ; lust. 
1600 Tourneur 7vansf. Met. xxxviii, Pan, that was once 
a cleere Epitimie, Is now transform’d to hot Epithymie. 
itimesis (e:pi;tim7'sis), [a. Gr. émripnass, 


Epi 
f, émripdew to rebuke.) Castigation, censure, 


in Putturs. 1721-1800 in BaILey. 

+ iottiney. Obs. Pots 

1600 [See Epiruymy.] 

+ E-pitoge. Ovs.—° [a. Fr. épitoge, ad. L. epi- 
togium, {. Gr. éi+toga the Roman upper gar- 
ment.] ‘A Cassock, or long Garment worn loose 
over other Apparel, the habit of a Graduat in 
the University’ (Blount Glossogr.). 

1656-81 in BLount. 1692 in Coes. 1706 in Puiiurs, 


+ Epittomate, v. Ods. [f. L. epitomat- ppl. 
stem of epitoma-re to abridge, f. epitomz: see 
Eprrome.] = EprroMize. 

1702 W, Wotton in Evel; 
works have been epitomat: ter a sort. 

Epi:tomatic, a. rare. [Badly f. Eprrom-r, 
after symptomatic, etc.] Pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, an epitome. 

1860 Westcott Jntrod. Study Gosp. vi. (1881) #3 note, 
The style: vv. 9-20 are epitomatic, and wholly alien from 
S. Mark’s general manner. 

Epitomator (tpitdmettaz). 
epitomare; see EpIToMATE.] One w 
epitome of a larger work. 

162t Br. R. Mountacu Diatriba 420, I dare not utterl 
therefore condemne Epitomators. 1801 Month, Mag. X11. 
574 To cleanse the Augean stable of ancient chrono is 
not the proper office of an epitomator, 1860 Westcott 
Introd. Study Gos. vii. (ed. 5) Fd St. Mark was 
as a mere epitomator of the other synoptists. 1875 
Gaius 1, comm. (ed. 2) 113 The epitomator of Gaius. 

Epi‘toma’ (¢pi'tomatari), a. rare. [f. prec., 
as if ad. L. *epetomatorius.] Characterized by 
epitomizing ; having the character of an epitome. 

1860 Westcott /ntrod. Study Gosp. vii. (ed. 5) 362 The 
erroneous views commonly held as to the epitomatory na- 
ture of St. Mark’s Gospel. 

Epitome ( itémz), sb. Also 7-8 epitomy, 
6 epitomie, 6 aphet. (? humorously) pitomie. 
[a. L. epitome, a. Gr. émroph, f. treréuvew to make 
an incision into, abridge, f. éf upon + 7épvew to 
cut.] 

1. A brief statement of the chief points in a 
literary work ; an abridgement, abstract. 

1529 Frit Antithesis 2 A little treatise, after the 
manner of an_ epitome, short rehearsal of all ¢ 
that are examined more Ce are in the aforesaid . 
1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) By. by The 
of theim .. semethe rather — his- 

* MARpREL.” tay ag I onely 
a Pistle, and a Pi 1612 's Poly- 
olb, A iij, The common printed Chronicle. .is indeed but an 
Epitome or i of 


Defloration made a Lorraine. = 
Fryer Acc. E. India §& P. in Phil, Trans. XX. 347 "Tis 
very difficult to give an Abstract or Epitomy of them. 1751 
Jounson & No. 145 P12 Some delight in abstracts 


"s Mem. (1857) II. 384 His 
by Mr. Bolton aft ; 


por $5 Ty 
o writes an 


tories. 
publis 


and epitomes. a 1822 Suetiey Ess. Def. Poetry (Camelot 
ed.) 9 Epitomes have been called the moths of just history ; 
they eat out the poetry of it. 1856 Macautay Biog. (1867) 
68 In general nothing is less than an : 


but the epitomes of Goldsmith .. are always amusing. } 
b. A summary or condensed account of any- 


thing ; a com —_ mpeg coe "4 a 
623) strangel 
sees, if faith it selfe shall 2 


1621 SCLATER 
loue with Epi bee drawne to 
her compendium. W. Batt Sphere Govt, 12 Magna 
Charta .. is .. an Abri or E the liberties 
and rights of the Subjects of ¢ Mrs. 
Le mb worsen Mem, Col. be Ramee one 24 To Dod 

s virtues is to give an epitome 1728 Morcan - 
A 24 The benders or Epitome ~— 


furnish 
1883 Froupe Short Stud. IV. 1, tii. 
text are an epitome of those which tl 
ectional 


ble. 
. transf, Something that forms a condensed 
record or tation ‘in mi yf Ae 
2 Se eid iamanpreation ott ee Tasy ew 


EPITOME. 


like all your selfe. 1628 Earte Microcosm., Pauls Walke 
(Arb.) 73 Pauls Walke is the Lands Epitome, or you may 
call it the lesser Ile of Great Brittaine. 1666 J. Smirn Old 
Age (1752) 43 That world’s epitomy, man. 1760 R. Graves 
Euphrosyne (1776) 1. 124 Prepar’d to see A palace in epitome. 
1773 Brypone Sicily xxxvii. (1809) 355 No less an epitome of 
the whole earth in its soil and climate, than in the variety 
of its productions. 1868 M. Parrison Academ. Org. § 2. 
30 Congregation has been..an epitome of Convocation. 
1874 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. Pref. 13 The Church of St. 

ark .. is an epitome of the changes of Venetian archi- 
tecture from the tenth to the nineteenth century. 

+b. In depreciatory sense: Something that is 
reduced to insignificant dimensions. Oés. 

@1593 H. Smitu Wks. (1866-7) I. 282 When the hours of 
sleep .. of youth, and .. of sorrow are taken away, what an 
epitome is man’s life come to. 1601 WEEVER Mirr. Mart. 
Cij, These were the worlds first youthfull progenie, To 
these our men are an Epitomie. 

3. Jn epitome: a. in the form of a summary; 
b. in a diminutive form. 

=o G, Danie Trinarch., Henry V, cxiii, The fantasies 
.. Might have resolv’d this, in Epitomie. 1682 WHELER 
Journ. Greece 325 Snow, which this poor Hermite’s aged 
Head seemeth, in epitome, to resemble. 1759 DitwortH 
Pope tor A description, calculated to contain in epitome 
the principles of a farther taste for magnificence. 1849 
Tuoreau Week Concord Riv. Saturday 26 The charac- 
teristics and pursuits of various ages and races of men are 
always existing in epitome in every neighborhood. 

t Epitome, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] intr. To 
make‘an epitome or summary; in quot. pass. zmpers. 

1602 Warner Add, Eng. xu. 1xx. (1612) 293 Of Northerne 
Regions partly is Epitomed before. 

— (epitg'mik), a. [f. EPIroME sd. + -10.] 
Of the character of an epitome. 

1636 Bratuwait Rom. Emperors, Ep. Ded., Being all 
brought into the straights of this epitomicke volume. 

4 wigesaroesigie (epitg'mikal), a. [f. prec. +-AL.] 
Of the nature of an epitome. 

1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcell. Annot. D ij b, Of her 
[Zenobia’s] .. skill in languages, writing of an Epitomicall 
Hystorie, and training up of her children in learning, 
read, etc. 1660 S. Fisner Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 61 
A kind of Epitomical Repetition. 1842 Mrs. BRowNinG 
Grk. Chr. Poets 188 Our literature is rich in ballads, a form 
epitomical of the epic and dramatic. 

Epitomist (‘pitomist). 
One who writes an epitome. 

161r Biste Transl. Pref. 2 An Epitomist, that is, one 
that extinguished worthy whole volumes, to bring his 
abridgements into request. 1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. 1. 
Wks. (1851) 22 Britomartus, whom the Epitomist Florus and 
others mention. 1880 Murrueap tr. /astit. Gains Introd. 
15 The design of the epitomist.. having been to exclude 
what had become obsolete. — Ea 

Epitomization (¢pi:tdmaizzifon). [f. next + 
-ATION.] The action of epitomizing. 

1805 Ann. Rev. ILI. 649 All such literary tautologists are 
proper objects of epitomization. 

Epitomize (¢pitomaiz), v. [f. Eprrome sé. 
+-IZE.] 

1. trans. To make an epitome of ; to abridge. 

1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) Pref. 2 The same Booke 
was but a spurious stolne Copy, in part epitomized .. from 
the Authors Originall. 1644 Mitton ¥dgm. Bucer (1851) 
34x Thus far Martin Bucer, whom .. I deny not to have 
epitomiz’d, 1783 JoHnson Lett. Mrs. Thrale 13 June, 
Mrs. Dobson .. epitomised a very bulky French Life of 
Petrarch, 1830 D’Israr.i Chas. /, III. vi. 92 He was ac- 
customed to epitomise Hooker, and others, on the present 
subject. 1868 Pearp Water-Farm. xii. 118 For the benefit 
of our readers, we will epitomise the pamphlet. 

absol, 1861 Pearson Early & Mid. age Eng. 8 He 
epitomizes, as if he were giving the pith of a paragraph. 

b. To summarize; to give a concise account 
of; to state the essence of (a matter) briefly. 

1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia v. 172 Thus have you briefely 
epitomized Mother Natures benefits. 1683 tr. Zrasm. 
Moriz Enc. 65 They all would not suffice Folly in all her 
shapes to epitomise. 1728 Morcan Algiers II. v. 321 
Hassan Aga, whose Life I had begun to epitomize. 1856 
Froupe Hist. Eng. I. 123, 1 shall however in a few pages 
briefly epitomize what passed, 1877 E. Conner Bas. Faith 
Pref. 11 Exhaustively to epitomise the evidence of Theism. 

2. a. To contain in a small compass; to com- 
prise in brief the sum of. b, To put into a small 
compass ; to concentrate. 

a@. 1628 WitHER Brit. Rememb. w. 1711 For, God in 
this one single Plague, comprised Those other Judgements, 
all, epitomized. 1634 Sir T, Hersert Trav. 149 A Carpet, 
a Pan, and a Platter, epitomizes all their Furniture. 1868 
Stantey Westm. Ab,v. 416 In some respects it [the Chapter 
House] epitomises the vicissitudes of the Abbey itself. 

b. _ 1635 Austin Medit, 129 Hee himselfe epitomized those 
ten into two. 1654 Coxaine Dianea 1. 51 In whom it ap- 
peared that Nature and Fortune had Epitomized all the 
wonders of the World. a 1765 SHENsTone Ess. 106 Art, 
indeed, is often requisite to collect and epitomize the beau- 
ties of nature. 1857 WittmottT Pleas. Lit, xxi. 126 We have 
all the wilfulness of Cleopatra epitomized when, etc, 

+3. To reduce to a smaller scale. Ods. 

1612 Woopatt Surg, Mate Wks. (1653) Pref. 19 A Sur- 

eons Chest epitomized. 1630 Drayton David § Goliah 
(R.), All those rare parts that in his brothers were Epi- 
tomiz’d, at large in him appear. 1660 Futter Mixt 
Contemp. (1841) 258 Our standing army shall be epitomized 
to a more moderate proportion. 1713 Guardian No. 108 
We should, in a little time, see mankind epitomized, and 
the whole species in miniature. | 

Epitomized (‘pi'tdmoizd), 4f/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED!.] Presented in the form of an epitome ; 
abridged, condensed, summarized. 

Vou. III, 


[f. as prec. + -187.] 


249 


1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentlew. (1641) 283 An epitomized 
confection of all {nations}. 1866 Livincstonr ¥7n/.(1873) I. 
x, 254 It affords an epitomised description of his late travels. 

Epitomizer (¢pi'tomai:zar). [f. as prec. + -ER.] 
One who epitomizes ; in the senses of the vb. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 37 After Galens time, and his 
Epitomizer, Oribasius, who liued but in the next age. 1636 
G. Wituams in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. lv. 23 Sin is an 
epitomiser or shortener of everything. 1741 WARBURTON 
Div. Legat. Il. 441 note, An epitomizer of one Jason of 
Syrene. x CotesrookE /nd. Divis. Zodiack in Asiat. 
Res. 1X. 349 The armillary sphere, described by the Arabian 
epitomiser, differs, therefore, from Ptolemy's. 

pitomy, obs. var. of EPITOME. 

Epitonic (epitgnik). [f. Gr. émirovos on the 
stretch, f. émreivew to put a strain upon, f. én 
upon + Teive to stretch +-10.] Overstrained. 

1879 G. Merepitu Zgoist II. xi. 246 From the epitonic, 
the overstrained. via 2 

Epitrite (e'pitroit), adj. and sb. Pros. Also 
9 epitrit. [ad. L. efitritos, a. Gr. énirpiros 
amounting to one third more than the unit, f. éai 
in addition + rpiros the third.] 

+A. adj. In the ratio of 4 to 3; sfec. in ancient 
music: see quot. 

1609 DouLanp Ornith. Microl. 65 The sesquitertia Pro- 
portion, which they call Epitrite. Musically, when 4 Notes 
are sounded against 3, which are like themselues. 

B. sb. Prosody. A foot consisting of three long 
syllables and one short one, and called first, second, 
third, and fourth epitrite, according as the short 
syllable stands first, second, third, or fourth re- 
spectively. 

1678-1708 in Puitiies. 1749 Power Pros. Numbers 31 
The first Epitrite .. a Close which Tully much delights in. 
1819 H. Busk Vestriad 1. 183 Thro’ the trite epitrite, when 
billows roar, Reader and sailor feel themselves ashore. 1821 
Blackw, Mag. X. 388 The third foot of the major ionic 
tetrameter, we are told, may be a second epitrit, which is 
merely impossible. 1879 Farrar St. Paud I. 167 The solemn 
rhythmical epitrite. 

+Epitrochasm, “et. Erron. -ism. [ad. 
late L. epztrochasmus, a. Gr. émrpoxacpds, f. ém- 
Tpoxage to run swiftly over.] A hurried accu- 
mulation of several points. 

1652 Urqunart Jewel Wks. (1834) 292 There is neither 
definition, distribution, epitrochism, increment. 1721-1800 
Baitey, Epitrochism, r 

Epitrochoid (epitrg:koid). A/ath._ [f. Gr. éné 
upon + tpoxés wheel + -o1p ; after analogy of ef7- 
cycloid.] ‘The curve described by a point rigidly 
connected with the centre of a circle which rolls on 
the outside of another circle. Cf. Eprcycnom. 

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 284/2. 1879 Tuomson & Tair 
Nat. Phil. I. 1. § 94. ; 

Hence Epitrochoi‘dal a., of or pertaining to an 
epitrochoid. 

1800 Phil. Trans. XC. 149 Epitrochoidal curves, formed 
by combining a simple rotation or vibration with other 
subordinate rotations or vibrations. 1843 Pexny Cycl. XXV. 
284/2 Every direct-epicycle planetary system is both epi- 
trochoidal and externally hypotrochoidal. 

ll Epitrope (epitrdépz). Ret, [L, epitrope, a. 
Gr. émtpomn, f. émrperay to give up, yield, émi 
upon + Tpémev to turn.] (See quot.) 

1657 J. Smitu Myst. Rhet. 131 Epitrope..a figure when 
we either seriously or ironically permit a thing, and yet 
object the inconveniency. 1678-1706 in Puittips. r721- 
1800 in Baitey. 1844 J. W. Gisss PAilol. Stud. (1857) 
217 Epitrope. .is a figure of rhetoric by which a permission, 
either seriously or ironically, is granted to an opponent, to 
do what he proposes to do. 

Epitympanic (e:pitimpz nik), a. Anat. [f. 
Epi- + Gr. réunav-ov drum + -1c. Cf. TyMPANIc.] 
Pertaining to or forming the uppermost sub-divi- 
sion of the tympanic pedicle which supports the 
mandible in fishes. Chiefly quasi-sd. 

[x856-8 W. Clark Van der Hoeven’s Zool. 11.61 The tym- 
panicum, epitympanicum, and przoperculum.] 1849-52 Topp 
Cycl, Anat. IV. 941/2 The dps piece, the epitym- 
panic, articulates by a diarthrodial joint with the mastoid. 
1880 GUNTHER Fishes 55. 

|| Epizeuxis (epizizksis). Rhet. [mod.L, a. 
Gr. érigevgis a fastening upon, f. émevyvivar, f. ent 
upon + (evyvivat to yoke.] A figure by which a 
word is repeated with vehemence or emphasis. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie ut, xix. 167 Ye have another 
sort of repetition, when .. ye iterate one word without any 
intermission, as thus—It was Maryne, Maryne, that wrought 
mine woe .. The Greekes call him, Zfzzezxis, the Latins 
Subiunctio. 16: 7 J Smitu Myst. Rhet, 89. 1678-1706 in 
Puiturs. 1 sf . Gisss Philol. Stud. (1857) 206. 

Epizoal (epizoual), a, [f. Epizo-on+-au.] Of 
or pertaining to epizoa. 

So Epizo-an, a. [see -AN] in same sense, 

In mod. Dicts, 

pee (epizowik), a, and sé, [f. Epizo-on (or 
its elements) + -Ic.] 

A. adj. a. Of or pertaining to epizoa. b. Of 
plants: Living upon animals, 

1857 BERKELEY Crsptog. Bot, 235 Fungi were defined as 
hysterophytal or epiphytal mycetals, (more rarely epizoic or 
inhabitants of inorganic substances). 1877 HuxLey Axat, 
Inv, An. vi. 276 The parasite so common on the Stickleback, 
-.one of the most curious modifications of the epizoic 
type, 


EPOCH. 


transf. 1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet at Breaky.-t. vi. 179 
Our epizoic literature is becoming so extensive that, etc. 

B. sd. An epizootic disease ; = Epizooric B. 

1879 JEFFERIES Wild Life in S. Co, 186 A kind of epizoic 
seems to seize them [little mice], and they die in numbers. 

|| Epizoon (epizdvgn). Zool, Pl. epizoa. 
[mod.L., f. Gr. éni+ (Gov animal.] A parasitic 
animal that lives on the exterior of the body of 
another animal, Opposed to EnTozoon. 

18: Topp Cycl. Anat. II. 116/2 The Epizoa, or the ex- 
ternal Lernzan parasites of Fishes. 1866 A. Fuint Princ. 
Med. (1880) 95 The parasites .. inhabiting the exterior of 
the body are called epizoa. 1876 BENEDEN Anim. Parasites 
35 The Balatro calvus of Claparéde, lives as an epizoon. 

Epizootic (e:pizo'tik), a, and sé. [ad. Fr. 
épizootique, f. épizootie: see next. In sense 2 
taken as f. émi (with interpretation ‘subsequent to’) 
+ (Gov animal.] 

1. Of diseases: Temporarily prevalent among 
animals; opposed to evzootzc. Cf. EPIDEMIC. 

1865 Reader 12 Aug. 178/3 A new epizootic disease has 
broken out among the horned cattle. 1880 Times 15 Sept. 
7/6 Epizootic pleuro-pneumonia. : 

+2. Geol. Used by Kirwan as an epithet of 
‘secondary’ mountains, to denote ‘their poste- 
riority to the existence of organized substances’. 

1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 161. 1840 Humate Dict. Geol. § 
Min., Epizootic, containing animal remains, as epizootic 
hills, or epizootic strata, — 

B. sb. An epizootic disease; a plague among 
cattle. 

1748 Suort in Chambers Dom. Ann. Scotl. 11. 437, note, 
This epizootic raged also in England and other countries. 
1827 De Quincey Last Days Kant Wks. III. 124 Cats being 
so eminently an electric animal. .he attributed this epizootic 
to electricity. 1882 Fr. Linn, Soc. XVI. 187 All epizootics 
of this character are immediately due to excessive multi- 
plication of worms. 

Brinety (epizdu'dti). [ad. Fr. épzzoote, irreg. 
f. Gr. émi upon + (Gov animal.] An epizootic 
disease. 

1781 Projects in Ann. Reg. 102/1 The report of an Epi- 
zooty is often spread, 1798 Macruus Popxud, (1817) I. 251 
Great and wasting epizooties are frequent among the cattle. 
1867 Rurrini Quiet Nook in Fura 274 And fears were en- 
tertained of a coming epizooty. 1882 Trad. Linn. Soc. XVI. 
188 This ostrich epizoéty is a kind of strongylosis. 

Epoch (epek, z‘ppk). Forms: a, 7-9 epocha. 
B. epoche. y.7— epoch. [ad. late L. efocha, 
ad. Gr. éoxy stoppage, station, position (of a 
planet), fixed point of time, f. éméxev to arrest, 
stop, take up a position, f. émi+éxew to hold. 
Cf. Fr. épogue, It. epoca.] 

I. A fixed point in the reckoning of time. 

1. Chron. The initial point assumed in a system 
of chronology; e.g. the date of the birth of Christ, 
of the Hegira, of the foundation of Rome, etc. ; 
an Era. Also, in wider sense, any date from 
which succeeding years are numbered. Now rave. 

a. 1614 SELDEN 77t/es Hon. 6 Theresidue will fall neer the 
first yeer of the Chaldean Epocha, a 1638 MebE Wks. 
ut. ix. 599 The Times of the Beast and the Woman’s being 
in the Wilderness have the same Epocha and beginning. 
1726 tr. Gregory's Astron, 1, 252 The Epocha of the Olym- 
piads, of all Profane ones, is the most Ancient. 

. @%658 CLEVELAND /nund. of Trent 138 Since we're 
deliver’d let there be, From this Flood too another Efoche. 

1658 UssHer Azn. Ep. Rdr. (R.), In divers times and 
ages, divers epochs of time were used, and several forms of 
years, 1677 Hae Prim. Orig. Man. u. iii. 148 The pre- 
tended Epoch of the Babylonians. 1758 Swinton in PAz?. 
Trans. L. 801 On the Greek brass coins of Sidon..both 
these epochs seem to have been used. aL 

2. The beginning of a ‘new era’ or distinctive 
period in the history of mankind, a country, an 
individual, a science, etc. Phr,, Zo make an epoch, 

a. 1673 [R. LeicH] Transp. Reh. 55 Men that mark out 
Epocha’s are not born in many revolutions. 1756 Gev/?/. 
Mag. XXVI. 415 Botany. .from hence boasts a new epocha. 
1783 Phil, Trans. LX XIII, 360The congelation of mercury 
.-must be allowed to form a very curious and important 
epocha in the history of that metal. 1827 Sir J. BARRING- 
TON Own Times (1830) I. 18 zofe, A circumstance which the 
. Irish. .considered as forming an epocha. 

. 1824 D’IsraeLi Cur. Lit. (1859) II. 382 Every work 
which creates an epoch in literature is one of the great 
monuments of the human mind. 1841-4 Emerson Ess, Spir. 
Laws Wks. (Bohn) I. 68 The epochs of our life are not in 
the visible facts .. but in a silent thought by the wayside. 
1864 Burton Scot Aér. I. v. 280 Luther’s Bible makes an 
epoch in the formation of the German language. 

+b. The date of origin of a state of things, an 
institution, fashion, etc.; occasionally, an event 
marking such a date. Ods. 

a. 1659 PEAKSON Cred (1839) 281 Nor need we be ashamed 
that the Christian religion, which we profess, should have so 
known an Epocha, and so late an original. 1788 PrirsTLEY 
Lect. Hist. v. li. 390 Great fisheries have always been 
epocha’s of a great trade and navigation. 1789 H7st. in 
Ann. Reg. 14 The present crisis would become the epocha 
of a new splendor to the French monarchy. 1795 in 
Wythes Dec?s. Virginia 41 Whether the time of the settle- 
ment were the epocha of the title will be enquired. 1824 
E, Nares Heraldic Anom. (ed. 2) II. 307 The year 1629 is 
reckoned the epocha of long perukes. 

. 1654 L’Estrance Chas. / (1655) 156 The Epoche, the 

ativity day from whence all the series of this kings trou- 
bles are to be computed. 

y: © 1716 Soutn (J.), The year sixty ; the grand — of 


EPOCH. 


falsehood. Hume Hist. Eng. 1. xii. This period 
. the ont ia stemaat oom England. 
3. In wider sense: A fixed point of time. 
a. The date, or assigned position in chronological 
uence, of a historical event. 
‘ow less ise than date, which indicates a particular 
or ler division of time. 5 
. 1661 DrypEen Astrza Redux 108 Such, whose supine 
felicity but makes In story chasmes, in epoche’s [## some 


later edd. epocha’s, epocha] mistakes. " 

Y-: 1697 Evetyn Numism. v. 186 Epochs are sometimes 
noted in words at length. 1841 E:rninstone Hist. /nd. I. 
209 The date of his app .. the middle of the sixth 


century before Christ..an epoch which, etc. 

b. [=Fr. éogue.] A precise date; the exact 
time at which an event takes place or is appointed 
to take place. Formerly gen.; now only with 
reference to natural phenomena (ef. 4 a). 

a. 1761 State Papers in Ann. Reg. 258/2 An offer to treat 
about these epochas. Z 7 

. 1786 T. Jerrerson Wks (1859) I. 570 To inform him 
i other numbers [of arms] you expect to deliver, with 
the epochs of delivery. 1794 Burke Pref. Brissot’s Addr, 
Wks. VII. 312 To foresee them i desi, vt Nhe comet] 
so well, as to mark the precise epoch on which they were to 
i executed. 1838 De Ponca Ess. Probab. (Cabinet Cycl.) 
123 When once the notion is obtained that a change of 
weather will follow that of the moon, the epoch is watched. 

ec. A point of time defined by the occurrence 
of particular events or the existence of a particular 
state of things; a ‘moment’ in the history of 
anything. 

It is often uncertain whether a writer meant the word to 
be taken in this sense or in 5, since a given portion of time 
may be regarded either as a mere date or as a period. 

a. 1728 Morcan Algiers I. iii. 73 Not long before this 
Epocha so calamitous to that unhappy Country. 1777 G. 
Forster Voy. round World 11. 103 In a warm climate 
. .the epocha of maturity seems to happen at a much earlier 
age than in colder countries. 1791 Burke Let. Member 
Nat. Assembly Wks.V1. 9, I well remember, at every epocha 
of this wonderful history. 1801 Hrien Wittiams S&. Fr. 
Rep. I. viii. 76 At the epocha of the [French] revolution. 
I Soutuey Espriella's Lett. (1814) II. 74 Vhe invention 
of the steam-engine, almost as great an epocha as the inven- 
tion of printing. 1824 Hist. Gaming 26 At one of those 
epochas the Earl married a Countess in her own right. 
1830 Gopwin Cloudes/ley 1. xiii. 213 From this epocha there 
was a perpetual rangi in Cloudesley’s mind. 

y. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusem. Introd. 5 Davey and 
3rewster..sustain that character at the present epoch of 
Science. 1838 CarLyLe Chartism (1858) 3 At an epoch of 
history when the ‘ National Petition’ carts itself in waggons 
along the streets. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kinga. 
(ed. 4) 510 At this epoch..the poly, 
distinct from each other. 1845 M°CuLtocn Taxation i. v. 
(1852) 220 After the last-mentioned epoch..the production 
of beet-root sugar began rapidly to increase. 187§ ScRIVENER 
Lect. Text N. T.7 Those noted up to the present epoch. 
1882 Mrs. Pitman Mission L. Greece & Pal. 190 It was an 
epoch never to be forgotten in her life, when she commenced 
labouring in Joppa. é : 

. Astron. The point of time at which any 
phenomenon takes place; an arbitrarily fixed date 
(often the first day of a century or half-century) 
for which the elements necessary for computing 
the place of a heavenly body are tabulated. Also, 
the heliocentric longitude of a planet at such a 
date (more fully, the longitude of the epoch), 

Qa, 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 466 Their Mean Motions 
made between the said Epocha and the Time epee, 
being equated. 1789 Herscnet in Phil. Trans. LXXX 20 
I followed the shadow of the satellite..up to the center, in 
order to secure a valuable epocha. 1795-8 T. Maurice 
Hindostan (1820) 1, 1. iv. 128 By astronomers the word 
epocha is used to denote that particular point of the orbit of 
a planet, wherein that planet is, at some known moment of 
mean time, in a given meridian. 

Herscuet in Phil. Trans. LX XX. 488 Epochs of 
the mean longitude of the satellites. 1834 Nat. Philos, 
Astron. ix. 191/2 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.), The longitude of the 
sun, at some one time, which is called the epoch. 1 
Herscue Outlines Astron. iv. (ed. 5) 168 They would 
found. .to differ by the exact difference of their local epochs. 


II, A period of time. (Cf. similar use of eva, 
term). 

5. In early use, a chronological period dated 
from an ‘epoch’ in sense 1. In later use, a period 
of history defined by the prevalence of some par- 
ticular state of things, by a connected series of 
events, or by the influence of some eminent person 
or group of persons. 

a. 1628 Earte Microcosm, Sordid Rich Man (Arb.) 
His clothes were neuer young in our memory: you might 


make long Epocha’s from them. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. 
Sacr. 1. vii. § 8 They make three Epocha’s, before the Law, 
under the Law, and the coming of the Messias. ¢ 1720 


Prior Solomon on Van. World ut. 758 Scenes of war, and 
epochas of woe. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. II. 201 Chrono- 
logers have divided the age of the world into six different 
epochas. L. Stannore Greece 4 The most shining 
epocha of her history. 
¢ 3800 K. Waite Time 385 Ages and that 
destroy our pride. 1875 Stusns Const. Hist. 11. xvi. 486 
A period of eight years of between two epochs of 
terrible civil di |. 1883 Berger's Mag. Feb. 467/2 ‘ Ah, 
that indeed isa letter,’ sighs the lover of the Addisonian e} y 
_b. A period in an individual's life, or in the 
history of any continuous process. 
a. 1768 Sterne Sent. Yourn, (1775) Il. 132 There are 
three epochas in the empi of & Frenchecs She is 
coquette—then deist—then devote. 1771 Gotpsm. Hist. 


presents two cavities | 


250 


po sre This inane of a mont i epochas 
in Fingi i , 4788 Hotcrort Life § Adv. Baron 
Pronch 1. xn Te second reat and sf soe loony 

3 1853 ROBERTSON Sem. Ser. 11. xx. 2 6 God's treatment 
ofthe penitent divides itself in this into three dis- 
tinct epochs. 1865 Drarer /nte/l. 1. Europe i.g We 
eee Tne we whens actions i to 
the epoch of life. 


e. Geol. A period or division of the history of 
the formation of the earth’s crust. 


Chiefly used ind ly for any distinct portion of 
geological time. The International Saeun of 1881 pro- 
‘A, age to denote 


poend £9 mas he See as Te epoci 
successively smaller divisions; but this has not been gene- 
rally followed. 

a. 1802 Prayram Jilustr. Hutton. Th, 123 The most 
ancient epocha of which any memorial exists in the records 


of the fossil kingdom. we 
1871 


y-: 1850 Lyet and Visit U.S. I. 247 The 
those who talk of ‘ the e; of existing continents ’, 
Tynpatt Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) 1. viii. 268 But this would not 
produce a glacial epoch. 

6. Physics. (See quots.) 

1879 THomson & Tart Nat. Phil. 1. 1. § 54 The Epoch in 
a simple harmonic motion is the interval of time which 
elapses from the era of reckoning till the moving point first 
comes to its greatest elongation in the direction reckoned as 
positive, from its mean position or the middle of its range. 
1882 Mincuin Unifl, Kinemat, 9 The maximum excursion 


of the harmonic vibration 2=a cos (2+ «) is a... The 


angle a is called the epoch angle, or simply the epoch. 

7. Comb. [Perhaps after the equivalent com- 
poundsin German.] Zfoch-forming adj.; epoch- 
making a., said chiefly of scientific discoveries or 
treatises. 

1816 CoreripGe Lay Serm. 313 All the *epoch-forming 
revolutions of the Christian world. 187, . REYNOLDS 
Fohn Baft. ii. 64 *Epoch-making Pg human history. 
1881 W. R. Situ Old Test. in Yew. Ch. iii. 56 This work of 
Ezra, and the covenant..were of epoch-making importance. 

Epochal (e'pfkal), a. [f. Epocn + -at.] 

1. Of or pecan to an epoch or epochs. 

1685 H. More Paralip. Prophetica 376 If the Epochal 
note should fall out either before the beginning of the first 
Semitime, etc. 1827 A. & J. Hare Guesses Ser. 11. (1873) 355 
Shakespeare has given such a national tinge and epochal 
propeuty to his characters. 1847 J. Hare Vict. Faith 67 

e..hear the striking of one of its [Time’s] epochal hours. 
1865 Drarer /ntell. Devel. Europe xxvi. 617 The three dis- 
tinct modes of life occur in an epochal order, 

2. Of the nature of an epoch ; forming an epoch ; 
epoch-making. 

1857 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) II. 416 The .. epochal crises 
of affairs. 1866 Atcer So/it. Nat. §& Man nu. 80 [David 
Hume's] place in the history of philosophy is of epochal 
importance. 1877 Dawson Orig. World vi. 127 Warring.. 
has suggested that the Mosaic days are spacial diag 

E:pochate. nonce-wd. [f. EPocu + -ATE1.] The 
position of being the ‘epoch’ of a computation. 

1685 H. More Paralip. Prophetica 4 Four Decrees, but 
only two of them Competitors for the Epochate. 

Epochism (e'p/kiz’m). [f. as prec. + -IsM.] 
The practice of dividing time into epochs. 

1865 Athenzum No. 1970 140/1 Chronological epochism. 

Epochist (e'pekist). [Two formations: 1. f. 
Gr. érox-f suspension of judgement, f. éméxeww (see 
EpHECTIC) +-18T; 2. f. EpocH + og 8 

+1. A philosopher of the Ephectic School. Ods. 

1603 Frorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 280 Pyrrho and 
other Sceptikes, or Epochistes, 

2. One who holds the theory that the ‘days’ of 
creation in Genesis signify epochs. 

1888 Cave /uspir.O.7. ili. 129 The Epochists..regard the 
days as epochs. 

ryte: 

5 oor (e‘poud). Also 7 epod. [a. OF. efode 
ad. L, epddos, a. Gr. émpdés after-song, incantation, 
f, éngdev, f. éxi upon, after + dda, deidew to sing.] 

1. a. A kind of lyric poem, invented by Archi- 
lochus, in which a long line is followed by a 
shorter one, of metres different from the elegiac; 
used by Horace in his 5th Book of Odes. b. An 
incantation. ¢. A poem of grave character. 


F Efodo, a kinde of verses, hauing the first 
bi longer then the second. 


see HYPocRITE. 


¢ 1616 B. Jonson Forest x, 
t ht takes wing, And now an Epode to deep 
ears I . 4647 CrasHaw Music's Duel Poems, go She 
qualifies zeal With the cool epode of a graver note. 
—— Srantey Hist, Philos, 410/1 om ae 
of Epodes. 1656-81 Biount Glossogr., A 
Ded. (R.) Horace seems to have pur; 

from those ic reflections in those odes and 


Mitton Samson Pref. phe, Anti: or 
itty, ame cakes aend toh an cir ae 


and epodic invectives. 
Epoist (e'pojist). rare. [badly f. Gr. éro-s Epos 
+-Ist.] A writer of epic poetry. 


y 


EPOPEE. 


1842 Mrs. Browninc Gri. Chr, Pests 0s Apolipesions ap 
ist. B fe 
is Ill 428 Suscsacive that of epalr, rsnatiog of 


Epomania (epomé'nia). nonce-wd. [f. Gr. éxo-s 
se pou yavia madness.] A rage for writing 
of epics, 

1800 Soutuey in C, Southey Life II. 121 
Samp seutved the Myoesstia Shak Wielionn caved the Fomeehet 
120 years ago. 

Eponomy, variant of Eponymy. 

] (e‘pénim). [ad. Gr. émévup-os (a.) 
given as a name, (é.) giving one’s name to a 
or person, f. émi upon + dvoya, AEol. dvupa name.] 

1. One who gives, or is supposed to give, his 
name to a people, place, or institution ; e.g. among 
the Greeks, the heroes who were looked upon as 
ancestors or founders of tribes or cities. Also in 
Lat. form e x 

Grote Greece 1. vii. (1869) I. x hes peer hg 
ornamege 4 = = vas "ts: . Witson Preh. 
distri 1877 Merivate Rom. Triumy 


istrict. 


b. transf. One ‘ whose name is a synonym for’ 
something. 

1873 Symonps Grk. Poets x. Theocritus, Bion and 
M us are the E 


of Idyllic 4 MERIVALE 
Gen. Hist. Rome it (1877) 7 Saturn Feces the aged of 
all useful and humane . 1875 Bryce Holy Rom. 
Emp. xi. (ed. 5) 177 Charles {the Great}... had , SO to 


speak, an eponym of Empire. 

2. “Assyrioleey. A functionary (called /imu in 
Assyrian) who, like the dpywv é os at Athens 
(see Eponymous 2), gave his name to his year 
of office. Also attrtd., as in eponym-list, -year; 
eponym-canon, the record which gives the suc- 


cession of these officers. 

1864 Rawiinson Ac. Mon. 11. viii. 261 The list of yms 
obtained from the celebrated ‘Canon’. 1886C. R. Conver 
Syrian Stone-Lore ix. 325 The Sabeans also adopted the 
Assyrian system of eponyms to mark the year. 

3. [ad. Gr. éwmvvpov an additional designation, 
cognomen.] A distinguishing title. 

1863 Miss YonGe Chr. Names 11. 264 Jarl .. wasa favou- 
riteeponym. 1881 Fair Trade Cry 11 We are the modern 
— or to take a lower eponym, the Pickfords of the 
world. 

Hence Epony'mic a., of or pertaining to an 
eponym; thatis an eponym. Zponymism, the 
practice of accounting for names of places or 
peoples by referring them to supposed prehistoric 
eponyms. Epo‘nymist= EponyM I, Epo’nymize 
v. trans., to serve as eponym to. 

x D.Wirson Preh, Ann, (1863) I. 1. i. 179 The young 

‘h of the eponymic colonists. Tytor Prim. Cult. 

nymic m which account for the parentage of a 

y turning its name into the name of an i inary 
ancestor, 1883 Sat. Rev. 23 June 784 Its = ce or 
eponymic hero. 1858 Grapstone Homer I. 347 — fore- 
esta- 


ing sources of eponymism. /éid. I. 85 Nor 
any relation whatever between any of the four races 


185: 
stren; 
I, 
tr 


blish 
and any common 


ancestor or ist. 1862 AnsTED 
Channel Isl. The ee of St Helier’s was con- 
founded with Hilarius ishop of Poitou. 1866 J. Rose tr. 


Ovid's Fasti Notes 236 Pallas herself eponymizes the Pali 
fire-worshippers. 


Eponymonus (epp'nimas), a. [f. Gr, érévup-os 


(see prec.) + -OUS. 
1. That gives (his) name to anything ; said es. 
of the m personages from whose names 


names of places or peoples are reputed to be 
py eee The eponymous 
ues worn the ponsumackey deeity thal Gale Sayce 


Compar. Philol. i: yymous heroes. 

aonxe 8 ese oF eponymous hero or protagonist of 
2. Givi his name to the year, as did the chief 
archon at Athens. 


1857 Bircn Anc. Pottery (1858) I. 195 Inscribed with the 
woe of the eponymens snag leila. “ 


Bponymy imi). Also . fad. 
Gr, érovuzia, py Sum woe Kecertek c 


1. a.=Epronyrmism. b. ymic nomenclature. 
1865 M*Lennan Prim, Me vii. 150 The universal 
1880 A th 2 Oct. 


dency of rude races y: 
pos bak ++ after he fashion a tae prevalent 
Asiatic as Nogais or 
2. The ” office y an Mg ) as 
oni’e Ccuect Taxi. hes the sponymy of pe Rent pion 
two years earlier. 1883 I, Tavtor A/phadet 1. 254 The 


first is dated in the eponymy of Sin-sarra-uzur. 


mpoyer (e‘pdpz). Now somewhat rare, Also 
-pée, F, , ad. mod.L. — 3q.V- 
vm ot A (= Epic B.). Usuall “aad 


1697 
re ye in which the d 
Lt. a aig bar 23 "The action of 


the mock 


EPOPGAN. 


2. transf. 

1846 Grote Greece (1862) II. iii. 54 They may be said to 
constitute a sort of historical epopee. 1855 Mitman Lat. 
Chr. (1864) IX. x1v. iii. 163 The Imitatio Christi is an epopee 
of the internal history of the human soul. 

jpopee'an, a. rare. [f. Gr. émomoi-és (see next) 
+-AN.] Befitting an epic poet. 

1819 H. Busx Vestriad1. 18 Rouse my bold muse with 

» A hero's rise to sing. 

‘popoela (epop7ia). arch. In 8 epopea, -cea, 
gepopeia. [a. mod.L. efopeia, a. Gr. éromota the 
making of epics, f. éworods maker of epics, f. 
émos (see Epos) + -movos maker.] = EPopre 1. 

1749 Hurp Horace’s Art Poetry Wks. 1811 I. 67 It being 
more glaringly inconsistent with the genius of the drama to 
admit of foreign..ornaments, than of the extended /i- 
sodical Epopaia. 1756-82 J. Warton Ess. Pope I. m1. 126 
That the action of the epopea be one great and entire. 1782 
V. Knox Zss. II. 384 [Stesichorus] gave to lyric poetry 
all the solemnity of the Epopoea. 1798 W. Tayror in 
Monthly Rev. XXVI. 248 He also wrote a tedious epopea, 
of which Belisarius is the hero. 1822 Scorr Viged Introd, 
. The plot of a regular and connected epopeia. 

ipopeeist (epepz ist). [f. prec. (or f. Gr. 
érorot-ds) + -18T.] One who writes epic poetry. 

1840 Tait’s Mag. VII. 411 The historian is merely a more 
modern name for the Epopeist. 1850 Bracke “A schylus 
I. 7 Those who are familiar with the productions of the 
great Ionic Epopeeist. 

E:po-poret. [f. Epo-s+Porr.] An epic poet. 

1800 W. Taytor in Robberds Mem. 1. 357 The taking of 
Seringapatam is a good subject for you epo-poets. 

Epopt (e‘pppt). [ad. late L. efopta, ad. ix. 
énénrns, agent-n. f. éron- (f. éxé upon + root dr- 
to see), serving as the base of certain tenses of 
€popdev to look upon, behold.] A ‘beholder’; 
in Gr. Antig. a person fully initiated into the 
Eleusinian mysteries. Also ¢ransf. 

1696 ToLanp Christianity not Myst. 167 The right of 
seeing every thing, or being Epopts. 1798 W. Tayror in 
Monthly Mag. V1. 552 Those..who obtained the insight of 
these revelations, called themselves Epopts, Seers, or the 
Initiated. 1833 Brit. Mag. III. 48 That..which has made 
us in some sort epopts of those mysteries which are between 
this world and the next. 1850 Grote Greece u1. Iviii. (1862) 
V. 183 Addressing his companions as Mysts and Epopts. 

‘Hence Epo'ptic a., of or pertaining to an epopt. 
Epoptics sd. 4/., Epoptist = Eporr. 

770, Lancuorne Plutarch’s Lives, Alexander (ed. Tegg) 
467 Those more secret and profound branches of science, 
which they call acroamatic and epoptic. 1711 tr. Weren- 
Jel’s Disc. Logom. 99 Aristotle’s Books of deep Learning, 
his Acroamaticks, Esotericks, Epopticks, and mysterious 
Writings. a@x1652 c Smit Sel. Disc. i. ro Hidden mys- 
teries in divine truth .. which cannot be discerned but only 
by divine Epoptists. 

|| Epos (e'pgs). [L. egos, a. Gr. éros word, song, 
f. éx- stem of eieiy to say.] 

1. a. A collective term for early unwritten narra- 
tive poems celebrating incidents of heroic tradition ; 
the rudimentary form of epic poetry. b. An epic 
poem ;=Epic B,, Eporrr. ce. Epic poetry. 

@ 1839 TurrtwaLt Greece II. xii. 124 The epos..in this 
respect appears to have adhered to the model of the ancient 
hymnody. 1846 Grote Greece II. 234 The age of the epos 
is followed by that of the epopee. 1883 H. Kennepy tr. 
Ten Brink's E. E. Lit. 148 The ancient Epos hardly survived. 

B28 Browninc Mex §& Wom. 1. Cleon 172 That 
epos on thy hundred plates of gold Is mine. 1856 Mrs. 
Brownine Aur. Leigh v. 155 Every age .. expects a morn 
And claims an epos. 1858 TrENcH Paradles 45 The action, 
gradually unfolding itself of an-Epos. 

ce. 1835 J. B. Ropertson tr. Schlegel’s Philos. Hist. 
(1846) 6 ¢ author next passes in review the Hesiodic 
epos, the middle epos, or the works of the Cyclic poets. 
1850 CartyLe Latter-d. Pamph. viii. (1872) 285 Almost 
rises into epos and papher: ae 

2. transf. A series of striking events worthy of 
epic treatment. 

1848 W. H. Ketty tr. L. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. 1. 234 
All these episodes of the great epos [the insurrection of 
Paris] were similar in character, and imbodied the same 
lessons. 1872 Gro. Exior Middlem, (1878) Prel. 2 She 
found her epos in the reform of a religious order. — 

[Eposculation, given in some Dicts., is app. a 
misprint for ExoscuLaTIon. 

1563 Brecon Disfl. Pop. Mass Wks. ut. 52a Your inspira- 
tions and eposculations, your benedictions and humiliations.] 

+ Epota‘tion. Os. [n. of action f. Zatdare: 
see next.] The action of drinking up or off. 

ra a ELTHAM Resolves 1. 1xxxiv, 128 The Epotations 
of dumb liquor damn him. 1660 Charac. Italy 55 There is 
by their epotation laid the seed of all future maladies. 

+ Epo'te, v. Ods. [ad. L. epot-are, f. € out + 
potare to drink.]_¢vans. To drink ; to drink up. 

1657 Tomuinson Renou’s Disp. 297 The decoction of the 
root epoted, cures convulsi 

ug Epouve'ntable, a. Obs. Ins epoventable, 
6 epouventabl, Sc: espoventabill, appovent- 


abyll. [a. OF. esp table (mod.F. é6 table, 
corresp. to Pr. esp table), f. esp ter (mod. 
F. épouvanter, Pr. espaventar), f. L. ex, ent-em, 


f. ex out + pavé-re to be in a fright.]  Frightful, 
terrible. 


1475 Caxton ¥asox 67 The grete epouentable dragons. 
1552 Lynpesay Monarchy (1883), With horrabyll sound 


appouentabyll [ed. x espouuentabill]. 1588 A. Kine 
tr. Canisius Catech. Se rhe dreidful and epouuentabl rigor 
of Gods terrible iudgment. 


251 
|| Eprouvette (epreve't). 


éprouver to try, to test.] 
. An apparatus for testing the strength of gun- 
powder. Also attrib. 

1781 THompson in Phil. Trans. LX X1. 298 All the eprou- 
vettes, or powder-triers, in common use are defective. 1839 
Sat, Mag., Supp. Jan. 40/t Another form of éprouvette 
was devised Li] the late Dr. Hutton. 1846 GREENER Sc. 
Gunnery 37 Where experiments are conducted. .with move- 
able eprouvettes, 3 certain loss is sustained. 1874 KNiGHT 
Dict. Mech. s.v, Eprouvette-gun, The éprouvette-mortar of 
the British service is 8 inches in diameter. 

2. A spoon used in assaying metals. 

1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Eprouvette, a flux spoon. A 
spoon for sampling an assay. 

Eps, obs. form of Asp 1. 

Epsom (epsom). The name of a town in Surrey. 

1. attrib. and Comé., as Epsom-water, the water 
of a mineral spring at Epsom; Epsom-salt 
(collog. -salts), originally the salt (chiefly com- 
posed of magnesium sulphate) obtained from this 
water ; now the popular name of magnesium sul- 
phate however prepared. 

aye tr. Cronstedt’s Min. 137 This may be called English 
or som salt. 1811 A. T. THomson Lond. Disp. 11. (1818) 
245 First artificially obtained in England in 1675, from the 
evaporation of the water of the Epsom spring: whence it 
was named Epsom salt. 1 Pace Adv. Text-bk. Geol. 
xv. 282 The manufacture of magnesia and Epsom salts. 

2. Short for Epsom salt. 

1803 Ann. Rev. I. 871/1 Even allowing Mr. K. the use of 
the term epsom, instead of sulphat of magnesia. 1854 
Pharmac. Frul. X11. 622 The sulphate of magnesia form- 
ing the ‘rough Epsoms’ of the alum-maker. 

Epsomite (e‘psomait). Af. [f. Lpsom + -1te.] 
Native magnesium sulphate. 

1814 T. ALLAN Min. Nomencl. 42 Natural Epsom Salt, 
Epsomite. 1878 Lawrence tr. Cotta’s Rocks Class. 44 Ep- 
somite occurs as an efflorescence from marshy ground. 

Eptagon, obs. form of HEpraGon. 

Epulary (e‘pilari), a [ad. L. epuldris, f. 
epulum feast.) Of, pertaining to, or having to 
do with, a feast or banquet. 

1678 Puiturs, Epzlary, belonging to a Banquet. 1721- 
1800 in Baitey. 1839 G. Raymonp in New Monthly Mag. 
LVII. 407 The hum of epulary commerce resounded on 
every side. 1856 SmytH Rom. Fam. Coins 296 The cor- 
poration of Bedford, a body which had not quite lost its 
epulary renown when Oliver Goldsmith publicly compli- 
mented its manducatory energies. 

Epulation (epizlzi-fan). Now rare. Also 6 
epulacion, -cyon. [ad. L. epzlition-em, f. epulart 
to feast, f. epecdum feast.] The action of feasting 
or indulging in dainty fare. Also fg. 

1542 Boorpe Dyetary ix. (1870) 250 As it is taken by 
epulacyon, of eatynge of crude meate. 1569 NeEwToNn 
Cicero's Olde Age 31b, Neither did I take delectation in 
these banquettes and epulacions. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. (1650) 324 When he [Epicurus] would dine with 
Jove, and pretend unto epulation, he desired no other addi- 
tion than a piece of Cytheridian cheese. 1819 H. Busk 
Banquet u. 617 To make your epulation quite complete, 
One thing you need. 1835 Hocce in Fraser's Mag. X1. 517 
Such love. .’T'was love’s luxuriant epulation. 

Epulentic, var. of Eptrentic a. Obs. 

|| Epulis (epidlis). Path. [mod.L. efiilis, a. 
Gr. énovnis, f. ri upon + odAoy gum.] (See quots.) 

1859 J. Tomes Dental Surg. 518 Tumours springing up 
from the margin of the gums .. usually receive the desig- 
nation, epulis. 1878 T. Bryant Pract, Surg. I. 537 Under 
epulis are included, rightly or wrongly, most of the tumours 
of the gums. 

+ Evpulose, 2. Ods. rare—°. [f. L. epetl-um + 
-OSE, as if ad. L. *efulos-us.] Feasting to excess. 
Hence + Epulo'sity, a feasting to excess. 

1731 in Bartey vol. II. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Epulotic (epizlptik), a. and sb. Med. [ad. Gr. 
érovawrik-ds, f. émovAdecOar to be scarred over, f. 
émi upon + ovAn scar.] 

A. adj. Having power to cicatrize. 

1761 W. Lewis Mat. Med. (ed. 2) 160 s. v. Calaminaris, 
The officinal epulotic cerate. 1787 C. B. Trve in Med. 
Commun. II. 154 The common epulotic dressings. 1832 in 
Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. . , 

B. sd. in gi. Medicines or ointments that induce 
cicatrization, and heal wounds or sores. 

1634 T. JoHNson tr. Parey’s Chirurg. xvi. xvi. (1678) 639 
We use a when as the ulcer is almost filled up, and 
equal to the adjacent skin. x Desenuam in PAil. Trans. 
XLVII. 94 The wound was .. by the use of epulotics, com- 
pletely cicatrized. 1832 in WessTer ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Hence + Epulo‘tical a. Path. Obs.=prec. adj. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 86 The flesh is softned and 
dryed by Epulotical medicines as they call them. 1657 
Tomuinson Renou’'s Dis. 107 A slash or skar of a wound 
is closed with an Epulotical Powder. 

+ E-pulous, a. Ols.vare—°. [f. L. epul-um+ 
-ous: see EPULOSE,] = EPULOSE. 


alae in Cotes. wer 
Bape (erpitireit), v. rave. [f. F. pur-er to 
purify: see -aTE 6.] ¢vans. To purify. /2. and fig. 

1799 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 474 The departmental adminis- 
tration, which having been long before epurated, was in the 
secret of the revolution. r80r W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. 
XII. 581 As the evaporation of water in the sunshine epu- 
rates the atmosphere, 1813 — Monthly Rev. LXXII. 473 
With a diction epurated at Paris in royal times, she [Mde. 
de Genlis] is still not a classical writer. 


[Fr. &prouvette, f. 


EQUABLE. 


Hence E-purated Z/. a. 

1815 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LX XVI. 501 An epu- 
rated Christianity. 

Epuration (epiuréi‘fon). [a. F. uration, f. 
nb see prec.] The action or process of puri- 

ying ; purification. 

1800 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. X. 8 These opinions 
may require further epuration. 1825 Ann. Reg. 175 Epur- 
ation or investigation of the characters of official persons. * 

Equability (zk-, ekwabi'liti). Forms: 6 
equabilite, 6-7 equabilitie, 7 aequability, 6- 
equability. [ad. L. wgudbilet-as, f. xquabili-s 
EQUABLE: sce -ITY.] 

1. The quality of being equable or uniform; 
evenness of mind, temper, or behaviour ; freedom 
from fluctuation or variation in condition, rate of 
movement, degree of intensity, etc. 

153t Exyor Gov. ut, xxi, There is also moderation in 
tolleration of fortune of euerye sorte, which of Tulli is called 
equabilite. 1577-87 HoLinsuep Chron. I. 21/2 He would 
not have beene Jed with such an equabilitie of mind. 1656 
Trapp Comm, Matt. vi. 22 Uniformity, equability, ubiquity, 
and constancy of holiness, 1692 Ray Déssol. World ii. 
(1732) 87 ‘The Equability of the Sun’s diurnal Motion. 1692 
Brentiey Boyle Lect. v. 160 Where is that aquability of 
nine months warmth to be found? xg7xx ADDISON Sfect. 
No. 68 P 3, I should join to these other Qualifications a 
certain A’quability or Evenness of Behaviour. 1713 ADDISON 
Guardian No. 119 The equability of his numbers .. cloyed 
and satiated the ear for want of variety. 1762 J. Foster 
Essay Accent §& Quantity 8 A monotony and zquability in 
the voice. @1832 Benruam Princ. Penal Law Wks. 1843 
I. 456 In respect of equability, these punishments [by dis- 
grace] are really more defective than at first sight they 
might appear. a@ 1834 CoLeripce Shaks. Notes 39 The 
security and comparative equability of human life. 1854 
Hooker Himal. Frnils. 1. vii. 169 The humidity, and equa- 
bility of the climate. 1882 J/ed. Temp. Frul. I. 104 The 
excessive sensitiveness and want of equability of which so 
many complain. 

+2. Capability of being regarded as equal, or 
of being compared on equal terms. Cds. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 35 May any equa- 
bilitie seeme to bee betwixt them? either in the excellencie 
of the holy Ghost? or in sinceritie of Lyfe? 1631 R. By- 
FIELD Doctr. Sabé. 183 You that make the servant .. but as 
the Oxe and Asse is. .have utterly destroyed this equability. 
a 1652 Brome Love-sick Court iv. i, Their merits bear no 
aquability With mine. 1817 Cocan Ethical Quest. v. (R.), 
Bodies seem to act mutually upon each other, with a kind 
of equability in power. 

F 3. Due or just proportion ; well-balanced con- 
dition. Ods. 

1576 Newton Lemuie’s Coniplex. (1633) 9 If he finde the 
plight and state of his body to be in equability and perfect 
temperatenesse, it shall be good to cherish and preserve it 
with his like. 1605 Timme Quersit. 1. iv. 116 The perfect 
combination, adequation, equabilitie of elements, etc. 

Equable (2°k-, e-kwab’l), @. Also 7-8 equa- 
ble. [ad. L. wgudbilis, f. wgudre to make level 
or equal, f. egzeus equal.] 

1. Uniform, free from fluctuation or variation. 

a. Of motions or continuous phenomena: Main- 
taining a constant level of speed or intensity. 
+ Also of periods of time: Uniform in duration. 

1677 Hae Prim. Orig. Man. u. ix. 224, 25 Apocatastases 
annorum, which amounted to 36525 equable Years. 1726 
tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. 11. 405 The apparent Motion of 
the Sun will be equable. 1799 Med. Frnd. 1. 279 The pulse 
slower, more uniform and equable. 1808 J. Wesster Nat. 
Phil, 29 Its parallels express the equable time of motion. 
1811 A. 1. THomson Lend. Disp. (1818) Introd. 28 Mercury 
is the liquid best adapted for thermometers ; its expansion 
being most equable. 1812 WoopnHouse Astron. xvili. 188 
Kepler’s discovery of the equable description of areas. 1850 
Grote Greece u. lvi. (1862) V. 72 The slow, solemn, and 
equable march of the troops. 

b. Of temperature: Free from extremes (or 
sudden changes) of heat and cold. 

1807 Med. Frnl. XVII. 292 Those parts of the kingdom 
where they may enjoy the most equable state of tempera- 
ture. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xvii. § 728 Thus the 
equable climates of Western Europe are accounted for. 

c. Of the feelings, mind, temper, etc.: Even, 
not easily disturbed. Of a course of events: Free 
from vicissitudes, tranquil. Of literary style: 
Maintaining a constant level, uniform. - 

had Burke Regic. Peace Wks. 1842 Il. 341 [Military 
ardour] is a cool, steady, deliberate principle, always present, 
always equable. 1814 Worpsw. Laodamiia xvii, In worlds 
whose course is equable and pure. 1836 J. H. Newman 
Par. Sern, (1837) UI. xxiii. 375 A calm and equable piety. 
1855 Macautay /fist. Eng. II]. 468 His oratory was more 
correct and equable than theirs. 1875 Jowett P/azo (ed. 2) 
I. Introd. 12 It [a translation] should be..equable in style. 
1876 Brack Madcap V. xvi. 140 An equable temper is the 
greatest gift a man can possess. 5 

2. Free from inequalities; uniform throughout 
its extent or range of operation; equally pro- 
portioned. et 

BS Bentiey Boyle Lect. viii. Wks. 1838 III. 193 They 
would have the vast body of a _—— .to be every where 
smooth and equable. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 233 
Elastic fluids have a tendency to rapid equable mixture. 
1838 TuirtwaLt Greece V. xiii. 205 A new valuation .. 
with a view to a more equable system of taxation. 1845 
Cartyte Cromweld II. viii. 69 A more equable division of 
representatives. er Disraett Tancred um. iv, A rich 
subdaed and equable tint overspread this visage. 1854 
Ronatps & Ricwarpson Chem, Technol. (ed. 2) I. 205 A 
channel of equable diameter, 52 

-2 


EQUABLENESS. 


+8. Characterized by justice or fairness; = 
EquiTaBLe. Ods. 
see Ses F- peg Relig. Med. u. § 13 Becomming 
le to others, I ¢ unjust to myself. [Cf quot. 
ty s. v. Equasty.] 
quableness (7-k-, e-kwab’lnés). [f. prec. + 
-NESS.] The condition or quality of being equable ; 


EquaBILITY, in various senses. 

164: Symonps Serm. bef. Ho. of Com. Cb, We .. should 
walk towards God with truth, equablenesse, and nj aeeee 
1736 in Baiey. 1877 E. Conver Bas. Faith iv. 163 S 
ness ( is, equableness of surface), 1880 Nature XXII 
No. 582. 184 A like eee from year to year 
terises the infall of the 

Equably é k-, ekwibliy adv. [f. as prec.+ 
-LY 4.) Inan equable manner; uniformly, regularly ; 
justly, fairly ; calmly, tranquilly. 

1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. m1. 417 The Sun. -mov’'d both 
equably and in the Equator. a 1743 ——— an ), If bodies 
move equably in concentrick circles, etc. Mattuus 
Popul, (1806) 11. ut. x. 238 The wealth the civilized 
world will .. be .. more equably diffused. 1839 THirtwatt 
Greece 111.61 The. . cultivation of their fertile and equably 
divided territory. 1873 Biacx Pr. Thule xi. 172 Equably 
confessing her ignorance on all such points, 

Equacion, -cioun, obs. ff. of Equation. 

Equeval (zkw7'val), a. Also equieval. [f. 
L. equexv-us (f. —. equal + evum age) + -AL.] 
Of equal age; belonging to the same F 

1867 Stusss Pref. Benedict’s Chron. (Rolls) 24 A small 
folio, written in double columns, in a variety of equeval 
hands. 1881 W. Patcrave in Macm. Mag. XLV. 21 Her 
Capitol was equizval with her birth. 

+ Eque-vous, 2. Ods. [f. as prec. + -ous.] = 
prec. (Const. fo.) ~ 

1658 W. Burton /tin. Anton. 173, 1 cannot think therefore 
of anything else proceeding from the Roman times here 
or Equaevous to their greatness. .except it be the Thames. 

Equal (7‘kwal), a. and sé. Forms: ?4 Ji. 
dqoais, -les, 6-7 eequal(1, equall, 6 equale, 6- 
equal. See also EGALL. [ad. L. wqualis, f. egu-us 
level, even, just. 

As the form of the L. gguus does not permit it to be 
directly anglicized without the addition of a suffix, the Eng. 
equal represents the senses of that word as well as those of 
its derivative egudlis. The OF. equal (orig. a literary 
adaptation of the L. word, the regular phonetic descendant 
of which, ezved, ‘vel, was in “popular use) does not seem to 
have been adopted in Eng. ; but its later form eguad (esgal), 
egal became Eng. in r14t G (see EGALL), and did not be- 
come wholly obs. until the 17th c.] 

Of magnitudes or numbers: Identical in 
amount; neither less nor greater than the object 
of comparison. Of things: Having the same 
measure ; identical in magnitude, number, value, 
intensity, etc. Const. to, + with. 

(In this and the next sense often with latent notion of ‘at 
least equal’; hence ot egual to means usually ‘Jess than’, 

i ple to’ a 

c x98 Cuaucer Astro/. 1. § 16 A smal croys.. aboue the 
south lyne, bat shewith the 24 howres equals [Lat. aquales) 
of the clokke. /éid. 1. § 8 To turn the howres in-equales 
in howres equales [Ad conuertendum horas in-equales in 
horas equales}. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 676 Three hils, 
not in equall distaunce, nor yet in equall quantitie. 1587 
Gotpinc De Mornay xiv. 212 Y¢ three inner angles are equa 
with the two right angles. 1598 Barnrietp Compl. Poetrie 
xxxviii, The wiues of Troy (for him made zxquall mone. 
1628 Dicsy Voy, Medit. (1868) 3 Then to shewe three lightes 
of aequall height fore and aft. a1631 Donne Poems (1650) 
8 When with my browne, my ry aires equall be. 1697 
Drypven Virg. Georg. 11. 477 Hairy Goats of equal Profit 
are With Woolly Sheep. 1747 Westey Prim. Physic (1762) 
116 Flower and fine Sugar equal quantities. 1776 WiTHER- 
inG Brit. Plants (1796) 11. 523 Stamens half as long again 
as the blossom, nearly equal. 1816 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. 


§ Arti, 38 98 The actions of bodies on each other are always 

equal. 18 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) Il. 223 He had equal 

Chem with the na ee for 1838 T. THomson 
ie num 


‘m, Org. Bodies 6 Ko 


r of atoms of oe 
and oxygen, must. 


ual both in amidin and 
1846 G. Day tr. ce lg bey Chem. I1. 237 In both cases 
they occur in nearly equal ratios. LarpNer Hand- 
bk. Nat. Phil., Hydrost. 132 If the velocity of the float boards 
were equal to ‘that of the water. 

b, phr. Other things being equal: transl, mod.L. 
ceteris paribus. 

1848 1 cacy ci ap Eng. 1. 386 All other circumstances 
being sui 1889 Sat. Rev. 16 Mar. 318/1 Other 
things being pon a the chances of any man being hit in 
action vary..with the rate of fire to which he is exposed. 

+c. qually reciprocated. 

¢ 1540 tr. Pol, Vergil’s Eng. Hist. (Camd.) I. 68, I nothinge 
ee more ardentlie than the aqual amitte of the Romains. 

Possessing a like degree of a (specified or 
implied) ~— or attribute; on the same level 
in rank, ity, power, ability, achievement, or 
excellence ; ving the same rights or privileges. 
Const. to, with. 


resydent, equall in glory to the father. 1593 SHaKs. 2 
Hen. VI.v.1. 89 Vnloose thy long imprisoned t hts, And 
~~ thy tongue be equall with thy heart. Bacon Adv. 

Learn. 1. iti. fs 9 The ancient ye ses to them 


The aoe ts kee iMivrow 2. 2-15. 
1725 Pore Odyss. 1, 383 se the chaste Queen select an 


| actions (hence of agents): Affectin ng 
te) 


252 


Vi. H 
spe Te Se eh i 
a Musi. 2y Fqual voices; voices either all male 
or all female. 


+c. Equivalent; serving the same purpose. 
Const. as, with. Obs. rare. ae 
ennai tone Eng. Improv. => oll is 
ith M i ——— A Ticke 
such Lands giv given to the erchant conte be quel yom 


“3A ‘Adequate or fit in quantity or degree. Now 
only const. fo; former! — also simply. 

a 1674 CLARENDON Scotts a 40 not their own 
numbers as equal to she with the English. 1700 DrypEen 
Fables Ded., To make my commendations to your 
merit, 1719 Warts pe 1. lxiii, What equal Honours 
shall we bring To Thee, O Lord. 1791 Hampson Mem. F. 
Wesley 11. 28 Of the conduct of the magistrates .. it is 
impossible to speak in equal terms of severity and indig- 
nation. 

b. Adequately fit or qualified. Of persons: 
Having strength, endurance, or ability adequate to 
some requirement. Phrase, Zgual to the occasion. 

Pag Sotcesapee pce Georg. 1. 304 The Soil..Is..equal to 

asture and the Plough. 1769 Funius Lett. iii. 17 The 
pat ee have undertaken is at least as much as you are 
equ: 1796 Jane Austen Pride & Pre. vii, She was 
not equal, however, to much conversation. 1816 Remarks 
Eng. Mann. 20 He did not feel equal to receiving the 
congratulations of the company. 1827 Southey //ist. 
Penins. War U1. 124 es f were not equal to contend with 
disciplined troops. 1872 Lippon Elem. Relig. i. 4 Schemes 
of independent morality .. are not equal to resisting the 
impetuosities of sion. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 163 
Gescon was equal to the emergency. 

4. Of distribution, mixture, etc. : Evenly propor- 
tioned. Of rules, laws, conditions, processes, or 
all objects in 
the same manner and degree ; uni 
operation (often passing into 5). 

1661 Morcan Sfh. Gentry. i. 4 Consisting of the equallest 
mixture or temper of the four elements. 1 . PHivurs 
Purch, Patt. Av b, Though this way of valuing the ground 
be as equal and general a rule as can be; yet, etc. 1696 
Wuiston TA. i 1. 36 The equaller Division of the Year 
allow’d for. Br Gipson Decl. § F. Il. xxxiii. 251 The 
arm aaniel is equal and inexorable justice. 1836 Gen. 
P. THomrson eee (1842) IV. 80 If the Irish were refused 
equal laws, they would demand the dissolution of the Union. 
1840 GLapstonE Ch. Princ, 187 The Church contemplates 
with equal eye the whole of God’s ordinances, 

b. Of a contest: Evenly balanced. 

1653 Hotcrort Procopius 1. 22 Two thirds of the day 
were past, and the fight yet equall. 

te. phr. Jt zs equal to me (whether) : = ‘it 
makes no difference’, ‘it is all the same’. Ods. 
Cf. Fr. cest égal, Ger. es ist mir gleich. 

1705-15 Cueyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (J.), They .. 
let them alone, or reject them ; it is equal to me. res Cobh 
Rec. Penn. V. 57 The Governor said it was equal to him 
when they adjourn’d. 1749 Cuesterr. Lett. IL. cxcvi. 2 7 
Whether along the coast of the Adriatic, or that of t 
Mediterranean, it is equal to me. 1 GoLpsM. Raw. 
Hist. (1786) II. 260 It was equal to him whether he fell by 
his enemies in the field, or by his creditors in the city. 

+ 5. In sense of L. aguus: Fair, equitable, just, 


ot Obs. 

Stewart Cron. Scot, 11. 503 Equale i in justice but 
partialitie. 1545 Letanp in Strype Zecl. Mem. 
cxviii. 332 My great labours .. have profyted the studyous, 
gentyl, and equal reders. 1592 Greene Groatsw. Wit 
(1617) 42 Equal h hath denied that fort. 164% 
*Smectymnuus’ Amsw. § 5 (1653) 22 This had been no more 
rationall or equall then the former. 1656 Bramnatt Reféic. 
iv. 188 Is it equall that the Court of Rome themselves 
should be the Judges? 1681 Relig. Clerici To Rdr. 1 To 
the equal Reader. 1769 Roprertson Chas. V, III. x1. 
354 Proposals of peace which were equal and moderate. 


6. Of surfaces: Level, on the same level (arch.). 
+ sip to: level with. 


Drumm. or Hawru. shine Re seod hed 116 Loy most 
to the groun: 17%, 

“tz f 27 All see none oe 

ale Floor or Pavement 

+ 156 The equal plains a 


the church was 
wit Palladio’s Archit. (1 
the same Story, may have th 
1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems I 
fruitful Sicil 
1. Uniform throughout in appearance, dimen- 
sions, or properties. Ods. 
Rig Gerster Counsel 50 A rooff covered with them is of 
uall colour. 1686 Actionsy Painting Jllustr. iii. 107 
The erp ee teens fan agen so as not to make 
Musculous and Strong, and the other Soft and 
Tender rent H a pea few Invent. 98. <—r 
eir ithin one in ten quite 
1726 Leont Adiertvs Archit TL 18 Lasgn teomen, sound, 
equal, handsome and 1798 Sh ta Edystone L. 
$246 That the building sho a column of equal 
ee proportionate i every pat tothe sires it Was 
y to 
b. Bot. ot. Symmetrical, ha ving both —_s alike. 
1876 Batrour in Encyc it ped the paren- 
= each side of the mid- 


hyma is de metrically on 
Hib or stalk, the na * 

8. Of ~brcohemcharh pressure, heat, light, etc. : 
Even, free from fluctuation in rate or intensity, 
vare, (With this and the ay sense a an dak 1.) 

1626 Bacon Sylva (1677) § them 1H 
an ache oo yo HK if Creatas 1. (1704) 71 These Revol. 
tions. eg exactly y equal ad uniform * tent 's we. 

Prem . ‘ion. (1778) 63 Even or 
oeeal trot. weer SHELLEY Paik Unb. ut iv. 88 Thy 


rm in effect or | 


- EQUAL. | 


chaste sister Who guides the frozen and inconstant moon 
TS Or en ee fre eae ate 

3, Of mind, temper, demeanour, tone of 
: Even, tranquil, undisturbed, unruffled. arch. 
olde Orway Ogun Lak, Biv Who Se ee 


if 
: 


offer i 
4 Kenilw. xxii, ie aldeoseed 
him in a tone tolerably equal. 1832 Tennyson Lotos-Eaters 
153 Let us swear an oath, and keep it with an 
10. Of numbers: Even. Ods. rare. Cf. L. par. 
1806 G. Grecory Dict. Arts & Sc. s.v. Bridge, The piers 
a heals be in number, that there may 
the middle. 
+11. quasi-adv. Equally. Ods. 
1613 Suaxs. Hen. V///, 1. i. 1 Hie be squelt rau’nous 
As he is subtile. dit wk agp He idan u. i, Thou art 
ing, that, equal with the devil hinecelt I do detest. 
P. Frercuer Purple Isl. w. xv, obtain’d an 
juall distant seat, may Dose Cromwell v, Where all 


ynthetic derivatives, as egual- 
armed, -bli , -eyed, -headed, -limbed, -sided, 
-souled. Also egual-handedness. b, adverbial, 
as egual-balanced, -poised, -suited. 

1833 + Hottanp Manuf. Metal Il. 286 The *equal- 
arm , so commonly seen in this country. 1881 


Athenzum 2 wi 67/1 Ae bons is an equal-armed cross. 
1678 Norris tl ‘hie (1699) 312 If ser Good and the Evil 
7 *equal-bal ‘d. HURCHILL £; xvth Poems 

5 Thea sli, blooded poe Aas SwinsurNe 


Pech (ed. 2) 677 Toward and ill, then, oe 
eyed of soul. 1830 Gen. P. THompson F-xerc, (1842) 1 
280 A government of so much benevolence and *equal- 
handedness. 1889 G. Finptay Eng. Railway 42 In 183 
ay double and *equal-headed reversible rail was 

by Joseph Locke. 3855 Mitman Lat. Chr. potigie 
vai 278 The short *equal-limbed Greek 
—s M. ve ‘o The risin eso a ar sor ig 

Tecureta 2" Mem. \xxxv, O friendshi ahi 

cal piel control. 1807 T, Hac wnenll eae (ed. at Pe 

1 Four-sided prisms, terminated by * 

Swinsurne Evechth, (ed. 2) 676 bears png —— mine, 
en *equal-souled are they. 1590 Greene Ori. Fur, Wks. 
(1861) 102 The lilies and the native rose Sit *equal-suited 
eg oe red, 


. XIV. 
Sway 


1. One who is equal to another : 
a. in rank or standing. 
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden Soc.) -S peice oe 
— himself disdainful towards his aget 
Suaxs. Much Ado u. i. 171 She is no om ageaie for 
his birt 1614 Joun Day Festivals (1615) 322 First, that 
they match with their Equals as neere as may be, both in 
Condition or State of Life, as alsoin Yeers. @ 3640 pers 
STIRLING _—— (R.), You (thou; ough ena 
equals mal Cuatuam Lett, v. 
uals, nothing omes a man so well ss Sed ease. 
ss wson Brit. India 11. sof author ge sg 
General, whom, as exercising a ee ete ae only, he 
refused to recognise as the equal Moziey 
Univ, Serm. ix, 194 Humility is much nes > tri equals 
“ it is by inferiors. 
. in power or achievement, or in any specified 
onal a ‘match’, 
HAKS, Cor. 1. i. 257 Was euer man so proud as is this 
nlardust He has 'no eal ay en toe vi. os 
ee and met in Armes 


W. IV. A minister who 
con cial rected We Put ni pi tnegriy. 1875 Fort. 


num Maiolica iv. 43 Orazio had no equal in the execution 
of his paintings. 
+c. in age: (a.) One who has lived as long ; 


(6) A pie Cf. L. wegualis. Obs. 

. Harincton Metam, Ajas (sits) 110 That I may now 
deal with my ancients and not sf uals, IBLE 
Gal. i. 14 Artd profited in the Iewes 


my eq in mine owne nation. 1678 Dwente fatale 
Syst. 1, iv. 443 A Sophist Plutarch’s equal. 
. abstr. Ax equal: a state of equality ; an equal 


go ee FO. < Thou that tocar peal to tote 
- v 
the warld “anew + Kodali things to an equall to 
fod. (Derbysh.)’ ats Se ai eunrta on lepenety 
ual (rkwil), v. {fp prec. ; cf. Fr. égaler. 
1. ‘To make equal, equalize; to bring to the 
Bn vl a or simply. are 
Pa Dani va Ded. » Wherby great Sidney & our 


Spencer mi wah, ith those Po singers 
——— the world, 16xx Bisie 2 Sam. xxii. 34 He maketh 


sa emp te eg oh feet. “1667 Mitton 
Above bis equals. qual [oi hose 


eat d with snsin Fain 1687 


wk Siete Sati 
neuer be ouer em 


. To make (ground) ytevel fe to level (a build- 
) to, with the ground; to make (a ditch) level 
filling up, Ods. 

16a9 R. Hitt Pathw. noes ee he taal Il. 45 | The sp Devs 


ori have been eld aA 
ord equal with the apres 


Chie ban ies eee sete ga he ne 


inthe with raised or even 


EQUALIFORM. 


+2. To consider or represent as equal; to liken, 


compare. Oés. 
ey T. Rocers 39 Art. 78 To them, which with Gods 


word do equal their own doctrines, etc. 1635 Pacitr 
Christianogr. 1. iii. (1636) 89 Their Dogmaticall Traditions, 
riptures, a@ 1672 


which they ag 7 with the holy 
Srerry Freed, Will (1675) 150 As equalling God in savage 
cruelness to the most arbitrary Tyrants. tage Soueson 
Rambler No. 114 ® 9 To equal robbery with murder, is to 
reduce murder to robbery. 1799-1805 S. Turner Avglo- 
Sax. I. 1. iii, 282 Not content with equalling the pleasures 
of war to social festivity. 

3. trans. To be or become equal to; to ‘come 
up to’, match, rival. 

1590 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. v. iii, Let earth and 
heaven his timeless death deplore, For both their worths 
will equal him no more. 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 24 
On me [Richard], whose All not equals Edwards Moytie 
161r Brste Fob xxviii. 17 The golde and the chrystall 
cannot equall it. 1667 Mitton P. Z.1. 40 He trusted to 
have equal’d the most High, If he oppos’d. se Anecd. 
W. Pitt IV. App. 268 He came very young into Parliament, 
and..soon equalled the oldest and ablest actors. 1812 Sir 
H. Davy Chem. Philos. 106 The weight of the carbonic 
acid gas exactly equals the weight of carbonic oxide and 
the oxygene gas. 1826 Scott /. MW. Perth xxxiv, There 
are enough of brave men around me, whom I may imitate 
if I cannot equal. 1876 GreEN Short Hist. vii. 355 The 
courage of the Queen..was only equalled by her terrible 
revenge. 1880 Haucuton Phys. Geog. vi. 281 They nearly 
equalled the elephant in size. 

4. To produce or achieve something equal to; 
to match. + Also zztr. To cope on equal terms 
with (obs. rare). 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hex. /V,1. iii. 67, I thinke we are a Body 
strong enough (Euen as we are) to equall with the King. 
¢ 1610 Women Saints (1886) 154 It is a difficult matter, to 
equall my sisters vertues with my speache. a@1745 W. 
Broome Yo Pofe 26 A rival hand recalls from ev’ry part 
Some latent grace, and equals art with art. a@ 1832 Mac- 
KINTosSH Machiavel Wks. 1846 II. 480 Historical genius had 
risen .. toa height which has not been equalled among the 
same nation in times of greater refinement. 

b. To reciprocate in equal measure. 

1697 Drypen, tr. Virgil Axed vi. 641 [She] sought 
Sicheus, through the shady grove, Who answer’d all her 
Cares, and equal’d all her Love. 1749 Fietpinc Tom Yones 
xu. ix, The ardent passion..the extreme violence of which 
if he failed to equal, etc. 

+ Equa‘liform, z. Ods. rare—'. In 7 wq-. [f. 
L. eguali-s equal +-ForM.] Having equal forms. 

1655-60 StanLey Hist. Philos. (1701) 379/2 It is all one 
amongst them if it be called biform, or zqualiform, or di- 
versiform. 

+ Equa‘lify, v. Obs. rare—*. 
-()FY.} ¢rans. To make equal. 

1679 G. R. tr. Boyastuau's Theat. World 11.223 When he 
begins to equalify himself with his God, and to make com- 
parisons with him, 

Equalist (z‘kwalist). rave. [f Equan+-1st.] 
One who asserts the equality of certain (contex- 
tually indicated) persons or things. 

1661 Orvigen’s Opin. in Phenix (1721) I. 13 We can find 
nothing (according to the Hypothesis of the Equalists) why 
one [Hypostasis] should be called Father or Son rather 
than another. 1880 P, Greco Acr. Zodiac I. 133 The 
Equalists were driven from one untenable point to another. 

Equalitarian (zkwolité-rian), a. and sd. [f. 
EQuauit-y: cf. humanitarian, etc.] 

A. adj. Pertaining to, or connected with, the 
doctrine of the equality of mankind. B. sd. An 
adherent of this doctrine. 

1799 Soutuey Left. (1856) I. 83 We were talking upon the 

attarinn doctrines of the gospel. 1837 Blackw. Mag. 

LI. 21 We, who are neither republicans nor equalitarians. 
1883 STevENSON in Longm. Mag. II. 295 These equalitarian 
plainnesses leave an open field for the insolence of Jack-in- 


office. 

Equality (zkwo'liti). Forms: 4-6 equalite, 
(5 equalyte, eqwalyte), 6 equaltie, equalitie, 
-llitie, (6 equalitie, 7 -ty,) 6- equality. See 
also Eaaurry. [a. OF. égualité (mod.Fr. égalité), 
ad. L. wxgudlitat-em, f. xqualis Equa.) The 
quality or condition of being equal. 

1. The condition of being equal in quantity, 
amount, value, intensity, etc. 

c 1400 Beryx 2734 Of hete & eke of coldnes of oon equa- 
lite. 1530 Patscr. 217/r Equalite, egadlité, evynnesse. 
1555 Even Decades W. Ind. 1. 1.(Arb.) 147 The equalitie 
of the daye and nyght, 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Ded. u. 
xiv. 221 Reduce to any shadow of Aéquality, 1657 EARL 
Moyo. tr. Paruta’s Pol. Disc. 200 » by whom.. the 
earth it self is sustained and held up with a miraculous 
equality of weight. ag Cowrer Jiad xx. 572 Pleading 
equality of years. 183: Brewster Oféics ii, 19 In approach- 
ing the mirror, the image and Shek approach to equality. 
1860 TynDALL Glac. 1, iii, 245 Will the exhausting of the 
tube disturb the equality? 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life 122 
The ganglia do not maintain the same numerical equality. 

b. esp. in Math. The exact correspondence be- 
tween magnitudes and numbers in respect of quan- 
tity, the existence of which is sometimes expressed 
by the sign 

1570 Bituincstey Euclid, def. 32.5 This figure [rhombus] 
agreeth with a square, as touching the equallitie of lines. 
I i H. Moore Pract. Navig. (1828) 4 =The Sign of 
Baad lity; it shews that the numbers or quantities placed 
before it are equal to those following it. 1846 Mitt Logic 
1, iii, § 1x Equality; which is but another word for the 
exact resemblance commonly called identity, considered as 
subsisting between things in respect of their quantity. 


[f. Equa a. + 


253 


2. The condition of having equal dignity, rank, 
or privileges with others; the fact of being on an 
equal footing. 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1. Prob. 60 Suppos hys Lordschype 
lyk noucht be Tyl gret statys in eqwalyté. 1526 Pilgr. 
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 199 But all iii persones one god, of 
one substaunce, & of inseperable equalite. 1606 Saks, 
Ant. & Cl. 1. iii. 47 Equality of two Domesticke powers, 
Breed scrupulous faction. 1667 Mitton P. L. xu. 26 Not 
content With faire eepelie, fraternal state. 1710 STEELE 
Tatler No. 225 3 ey is the Life of Conveigsation. 
1794 Soutuey Wat Tyler, Ye are all equal; nature made 
you so, Equality is your birth-right. 1874 MicK.r- 
THwaiTe Mod. Par. Ch, 30 The feeling of perfect equality 
inside the church. 

b. The condition of being equal in power, ability, 
achievement, or excellence. Also (rarely), the 
condition of being ‘ equal to an emergency’. 

1595 SHAKS, Fohn u. i. 327 The on-set and retyre Of both 
your Armies, whose equality By our best eyes cannot be 
censured. 1817 CoLeripGEe Biog. Lit. (1882) 16 The confid- 
ence of his own equality with those whom he deemed most 
worthy of his praise. 1828 Scorr 7. MZ. Perth xxxiv, They 
fought with an equality. 1879 G. W. Curtis Sp. New Eng. 
Soc. Dinner, With their equality to the emergency the 
Pilgrim Fathers would have lived in the best houses. 

+3. In persons: Fairness, impartiality, equity. 
b. In things: Due proportion, proportionateness. 

1447 BokENHAM Seyntys (1835) 12 Shap and colour and 
eche feture Were comproporcyond in swych equalyte. 1552 
Hutorer s.v., Equalitie of lawes, wher thei be to al degrees 
indifferente. 1556 J. Heywoop Spider § F. lvi. 44 In hering 
of him what equaltie ye show. z Ray Drssol. World 
232 The breaking of order and equality in the world. 1845 
McCuttocu Taxation (1852) Introd. 18 Equality is of the 
essence of such taxes. , 

4. Evenness of surface; uniformity of size or 
shape; level position. Also of movements or 
processes : Evenness, regularity, uniformity in rate 
or degree. Now somewhat rave. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu. xxiii. (Tollem. MS.), 
The see is calde ‘equor’, and hab pat name of equalite, 
evennesse. 1590 Sir J. SmytH Disc, Weapons 4b, All the 
points of the Piques of everie rancke carrying one equa- 
litie. 1656 RipGLey Pract. Physick 172 Sometimes a Bone, 
so pressed down, settles to his natural equality. 1664 
Power Exp, Philos. 1. 25 The equality of its Motion .. 
without any fits or starts. r69x T. H[ALE] Acc. New Ju- 
vent. 95 The Plumber’s vain pretence to near Equality, 
and endeavour to cast as equal as he can, 1834 Hr. Mar- 
tinEau Farrers iv. 73 The equality of wear of a piece of 
gingham or calico. nt 

+5. fig. Of the body: An even condition or 
temper. Of the mind: Evenness, equability. Ods. 

1460-70 Bk. Quintessence u. 20 It consumeth the corrupt 
superflue humouris, and reducit nature to equalite. 1647 
Cuartes I. Decl. fan.18 Wks. (1662) 281 Patience anda great 
Equality of Mind. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 143? 4 To enjoy 
Life and Health as a constant Feast, we should .. arrive at 
an Equality of Mind. @ 1762 Lavy M. W. MonracueE Let¢. 
Ixxiv. 121 You would find an easy equality of temper you 
do not expect. | 

Equalization (f:kwaleizéi-fon). [f. next + 
-ATION.] The action or process of equalizing ; 
the condition of being equalized. 

1793 ANTHONY Pasquin (John Williams) Cadiz Exam, 
Upon the basis of necessary equalization and reciprocity. 
1794 J. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 9x An opposite source 
of equalization, tending to restore that equilibrium which is 
also continually lost. 1806 Herscuet in PAzl. Trans. 
XCVI. 210 A certain equalization, or approach to equality 
may be obtained between the motions of the stars. 1852 
MeCuttocu Yaxation u. v. (ed. 2) 221 In August 1848, the 
nominal equalisation of the duties was effected. 1852 D. 
Mrircue tt Batte Summer 283 Alas, for the happy equaliza- 
tion which our Republic was to effect. 

Equalize (z*kwalsiz), v. Also 7-8 equallize, 
(7 egalise). [f. Equan+-ize. Cf. Fr. égaliser.] 

I. To equal, match. 

+1. ¢vans. To be or become equal to; to come 
up to, match, rival; = Equanv. 3. Ods. 

15.. Tom Thumb 136 in Hazl. £. P. P. I. 239 Sir Tom 
Thomb, for thy fame, None can thee equalize. 1 SpEN- 
sER /. Q. ut. 1x. 44 But a third kingdom..Both first and 
second ‘Troy shall dare to equalise. 1595 Locrine iv. i. 169 
The Scythians .. Do equalize the grass in multitude, 1626 
L. Owen Sec. Fesuit. (1629) 19 In all seauen, equalizing the 
number of the Planets. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 53 
The order and scituation of this Fort and Fabricke, equal- 
izing if not preceding any other in Persia. r7or tr. Le 
Clerc’s Prim. Fathers 68 The Elegancy and Nobleness of 
their Style which never any Philosopher could equalize. 
1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 84 Fur. .ought to have a greater 
Substance to equallize the strength of Oak. 1725 CoLLier 
Disc. Pract. Subj. 346 For by affecting to equalize a supe- 
rior wealth, they are apt to make their own Figure too large. 
1774 Pennant Tour Scoti. 326 A spot equalized by few in 
picturesque and magnificent scenery. 1826 T. J. WHARTON 
in Pa, Hist, Soc. Mem. I. 112 His great house, that 
equalizes (if not exceeds) any I have ever seen. 

+2. To reciprocate in equal degree ; = Equan 
4b. - Obs. 

1598 Marston Pygma?, xxiv, Instill into her some celestiall 
fire That she may equalize affection. 

II. To make equal. 

+3. To regard, represent, or treat as equal; to 
place on an equality. Ods. Also (rarely), to re- 
gard as contemporary w7th (cf. Equau B. 1c). 


Const, fo, with. 

1599 Broughton’s Lett. vii. 22 There be that equalize some 
of them with S. Paul his time. 162x R. Jounson Way to 
Glory 16 Doest [thou] .. equalize them [my writings] with 


EQUALLY. 


the text of the canonicall Scriptures? 1664 H. Morr 
Antid. Idolatry v. 65 The Virgin. .they do at least equallize 
to Christ. 175r Orrery Remarks Swift xxii. (R.), The 
«Poem .. which we equalize, and perhaps would willingly 
prefer to the Iliad, is void of those fetters [rhyme]. 

4, To make equal in magnitude, number, degree 
of intensity, etc. Const. fo, with. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 57 Equalizing the said 
Custome of Cloth, with the Custome of Wooll. 1634 Sir 
‘T. Hersert 7¥av, 136 Intending to equalize it [Babel] with 
the Starres. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psexd. =e VI. vi. 301 
Notwithstanding to equalize accounts, we will allow three 
hundred yeares. 1791 BosweLt Fohnson 2 June an. 1781 
note, To show the propriety of equalising the revenues of 
bishops. 1794 J. Hutton Philos. Heat, $c. 88 Their tem- 
peratures .. must be always changing, and always tending 
to be equalised. 1825 BENTHAM Ration. Rew. 58 The emo- 
luments of peace and war were, therefore, equalized by 
attaching a fixed salary to the office. 1837 Hr. Martineau 
Soc. Amer. III. 39 The despotism that would equalise pro- 
perty arbitrarily. 1871 B. Stewart Heat § 43 Thus to | 
equalize the distances. ‘1 ; . 

5. To make equal in condition, dignity, power, 
or character. 

1634 Sir T. Herpert 7vav, 102 That they would not 
equallize him, in the manner of his death, to abject dogs. 
1790 Burke Hr, Rev. 72 Those who attempt to level, never 
equalize. 1803 Jane Porter Thaddeus xxx. (1831) 266 A 
young woman of fashion. .equalising herself with a creature 
depending on his wits for support. @ 1859 Macautay Hist. 
Eng. V. 166 Office of itself does much to equalise politi- 
cians. @1862 Buckie Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 164 The inven- 
tion of gunpowder equalised all men on the field of battle. 

+6. To level, bring to one level. Ods. 

1596 Spenser /. Q. v. ii. 38 These towring rocks .. I will 
- equalize againe. 1632 LitHcow 77av.i, 11 The Gothes.. 
subuerted their pallaces, equalizing the walles with the 
ground. 1653 GATAKER Vind. Annet. Fer. 64 Allalikeeaven, 
as corn cut down and eqalised [szc] by the harvest mans hand. 

7. To render (a movement, process, or condition) 


uniform. 

1822 Imison Se. & Art (ed. Webster) I. 452 Fly wheels are 
employed to equalize the motion of a machine. 182s J. 
Nicuoison Oferat. Mechanic 189 Contrivances for equal- 
izing the action in Mr, Watt's patent of 1782. 1878 K. 
Jounston Africa ii. 26 The rich forest lands of the Atlas 
slopes, which equalise the temperature. 

b. To bring to an average level, compensate 
(an inequality). 

1866 Rocers Agric. & Prices I. xxix. 692 Equalizing the 
scarcity of one region by the plenty of another. 

Hence E-qualized Zf/. a., E-qualizing vé/. sb. 
(also attrzb.) and ppl. a. 

1657 S. W. Schism Dispatch’t 450 He hath not shown us 
+-one equalizing word of this power to counterpoise the 
many particularizing terms objected by us. 1703 Moxon 
Mech. Exerc. 85 This equallizing of strength must be re- 
ferred to the Judgment of the Operator. 1790 Burke F”. 
Rev, 257 The utter subversion of your equalising principle. 
1844 Urton Phystoglyphics 115 Equalized energy. 1844 
Caro.ine Fox Mem. Old Friends (1882) 196 He talked of 
the national character of the French, and their equalizing 
methods of education. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. Equa- 
lizing-saw, a pair of saws on a mandrel at a gaged distance 
apart, and used for squaring off the ends of boards and 
bringing them to dimensions. 1875 HaMERTON /xtell. Life 
1. iv. 22 The equalizing influence of the outside world. 

Equalizer (7:kwaloi:zo1). _[f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who, or that which, makes equal; sfec. an 
appliance for equalizing the speed of a machine, 
or the power used to drive it. 

1792 Miss Burney Diary (1842) V. 351 [The Duke’s] de- 
portment is quite noble and ina style to announce conscious 
rank even to the most sedulous equaliser. 1792 Str B.THomp- 
son in Phil. Trans. LXXXII. 79 The ocean may be con- 
sidered as the great reservoir and equalizer of heat. 1853 
Lewes Goethe I. 233 The forest is the great equaliser of 
temperature in Nature. 1870 Ruskin Lect. Arti. 5 Edu- 
cation. .is not the equalizer, but the discerner of men. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech., Equalizer, an evener or whiffletree to 
whose ends the swingle-trees or single-trees of the individual 
horses are attached. 1882 Bazaar, Exch. §& M. 15 Feb. 
174 The Otto Power Equaliser. 

+Ev-quallable, . Obs. rave. 
-ABLE.] That can be equalled. 

1621 Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 552 Ouercome (cryd hee) by 
the power not equallable of a Shepherdesse, etc. 

Evqualler. vare. [f. Equa v.+-ER1.] One 
who, or that which, makes equal. 3 

¢1630 Drumm. or Hawtu. Poems Wks. 26 Death. .Impar- 
tial equaller of all with dust. 


Equalling (@-kwaliy), vd. sb. [f. Equan v. + 
-Inc1] 


[f. as next + 


The action of the vb. Equat. In quot. 
used attrib. 
1880 TurNER Catal. Tools Sheffield 72 s.v. Files, Equal- 
ling and Cotter Files. 
Equally (7-kwali), adv. Also 6 equallie, 
(equaly). [f. Equan a.+-Ly2.] 
1. To an equal degree or extent ; as much in one 


case as in another. Const. wth; sometimes as. 
1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. 215 It is doubtfull whether it 
{Saint Helena] adhere to America or Afrique, the vast Ocean 
bellowing, on both sides, and almost equally. 1668 J. Matt 
Offer of F. Help 113 They all flow equally from the sove- 
reignty of God. 1692 O. Wacker Hist. Jllustr. 291 He 
was equally Learned as Warlike. 17or De For True-born 
Eng. 11. 6 And equally of Fear and Forecast void. 1736 
Butter Axa. 1. i. Wks. 1874 I. 25 It is said these observa- 
tions are equally applicable to brutes. 179: Mrs. Rap- 
curFE Rom, Forest xvii, You and Clara shall be equally my 
daughters. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 146 His presence 
and his absence were equally dreaded by the lord lieutenant, 
1853 F. W. Newman tr. Odes Hovace 7 Being the inventor 


EQUALNESS, 


ofthe lyre, he{ Hermes] is patron of poets equally as Apollo. 
18.. T. Arnotp Wyclif’s Sel. Wks, U1. 1 trod. p. x, This 
work is equally one-sided and uncompromising with Wy- 
clif’s tracts. 

2. In equal shares. 

1386 Cuaucer Sompn. T. 529 Ther nys noman can 
Thee it were dened pot as aie Suaxs, Rich, I/1, 
iii. 294 My Foreward. . Consisting sqialle of Horse and 

Lp. Preston Boeth. Life 15 Equally sharing 
with him his Labours and Victories. 1818 Causen Digest. 
(ed. 2) II. 25 To her other sisters equally between them. 
1827 J. Power Devises 11. 181 The said legacy should be 
divided equally between them that were alive. 

3. According to one and the same rule or measure, 
Formerly also, impartially, equitably, justly. _ 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 110 Deale equally, with- 
out jalite. “1597 Danie Civ. Wares v. (R.), The 

ly respecting eye Of pow’r looking alike on all deserts. 
1605 SHaxs. Lear Vv. iii. 45 So to vse them, As we shall find 
their merites, and our aity May equally determine. 1651 
Hoses Leviath. 1. xv. 77 If a man.. judge between 
man and man, it is a prot. et he deale ually be- 
tween them. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 3 To enter equally 
into the genius of both nations. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 
V.1x. i. 204 You say it is dealing equitably or equally. 

+4. On a level with regard to height ; uniformly 
with regard to direction ; in a line with. Obs. 

I Haxuuyr Voy. II. 1. 69 Yet are they [the bridges] 
equally built, no higher in the middle then at either ende. 
1660 Barrow Luclid 1. Def. iv, A Right Line is that which 
lies equally betwixt its Points. x7ax Stryre Eccl. Mem. 
II. 1. i. 3 The nurse went equally with him that supported 
the train. . R : 

5. Uniformly ; in uniform degree or quantity ; in 
the same relative proportion. 

1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 235 Distributing the Air 
. more equally thro’ the House. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 
u. xiv. § 22 Being constantly equally swift. 1738 BeErke- 
LEY Querist § 214 Seed equally scattered produceth a goodly 
harvest. 1793 Smeaton Eddystone L. § 242 The wedges and 
trenails..were every where equally applied. 1796 NrELson 
5 June in Nicolas Désf. (1846) VII. fotrod. 81, I know of 
none so equally good. 1825 J. Nicnotson Oferat. Me- 
chanic 351 The thickest wires receive the strongest heat; 
therefore, the whole is equally heated in the same space of 
time. 1854 H. Miter Sch. § Schm. xiii, The population, 
formerly spread pretty equally over the country. 

Equalness (7-kwalnés). rave in mod. use. [f. 
as prec. + -NESS.] 

1. The state or fact of being equal in magnitude, 
number, condition, etc. ; = EQUALITY 1, 2. 

1530 Patscr. 217/1 Equalnesse, eguiperation. 1547-64 
Bautpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 1v. iii, Friendship ought 
to be engendred of equalnes, for where equalitie is not, 
friendship cannot long continue. 155r Recorpe Pathw. 
Knowl. 1. xvi, The profe of y’ equalnes of this likeiam ynto 
the triangle, dependeth of the thirty and two Theoreme. 
1660 Trial Regic. 25, I am sure, 1 am no waies able to 
Plead equalness, in point of Law, with those noble Gentle- 
men. 1726 Leoni Alberti’s Archit. I. 53 The equalness of 
their weight. 1864 Spencer /d/ustr. Univ. Progr. 170 There 
was some appreciation of the equalness of men’s liberties to 
pursue the objects of life. 

+2. Fairness, equity. Ods. 

1548 R. Hurren Sum Diuinitie P viij a, To iudge accord- 
yng vnto ryght and equalnes. 1556 J. Hevwoop Sider § 
F. xxxvii. 34 Where reason and equalnesse be giders. 

+ 3. a. Of movements, processes, etc.: Unifor- 
mity in rate or degree. b. Of the mind, temper, 
etc.: Evenness, equability, equanimity. Ods. 

1545 Ascuam 7oxofh. (Arb.) 35 Softly exercisynge euery 
parte with equalnesse. Ss Tempce Let. Lockhart Wks. 
1731 II. 333 With so great Equalness of Temper, and Con- 
stancy of Mind. 174x Ricnarpson Pamela (1824) I. xiii. 
251 To bear the honour .. with equalness of temper. 1799 
Soutuey Left, (1856) I. 81 His equalness and kindness of 
character. 

Equanimity (7kwanimiti). Also 7 #qu-. 
[ad. Fr. .equammité, ad. L. eguanimitas, f. equa- 
nimis having an even mind, f. eguus even + animus 
mind.] The quality of having an even mind. 

+1. Fairness of judgement, impartiality, ey 

1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. u. v. 18 The third good- 
nes..is that equinanimitie, which .. accepteth a iust ex- 
cuse. 1 Mitton Lett. State Wks. (1851) 417 Your far 


deme 


ce 
v. 


254 


ired lend the day. .to mak ' 
a Es er 
+2. Im al. Ods. A 


Aynwarine Vita Si . 128 That equanimous 
aisrbution of her [the Soul's] energy into the Members and 
Hence Equan‘imously adv., with equanimity, 
Equa‘nimousness,the quality of being equanimous. 


Gaute Me 132 Disposing to 
Ph a+ mere ‘Tuacksuar Pendennis Til. iii. 41 - 
dennis, in reality, it very equanimously. 
Bauey, £¢ ime » © of mind, d 


1775 in Asx. 

Bquant (Z-kwant), a. and sb. Astr. Obs. exc. 
Hist. Also 7 equant. [ad. L. xguant-em, pr. 
pple. of egud-re to make equal, f. eguus | 

A. adj. That equalizes. Eguant circle [med.L. 
circulus xquans], a circle imagined by the ancient 
astronomers for the purpose of reducing the planet- 
ary movements to consistency with the hypothesis 
that celestial motion must be uniform in velocity. 
Also fig. B. sb. = Equant circle. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii. 111. 324 Excentricke, con- 
centricke, circles zquant, etc., are absurd. /déd. m1. i. 1. 
iii. (1676) 267/1 Love is the circle equant of all other affec- 
tions. 1796 in Hutron Math. Dict. 1834 Nat. Philos., Hist. 
Astron. vi. 31/1 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.) He [Ptolemy] was com- 

lled to suppose that. .the centre of the equant .. revolved 
in a small circle round the centre of the excentric. 

“{ Erroneously used for ‘centre of the equant ’. 

1837 WHewe tt Hist. Induct. Sc. ui. iv. § 7 1. 221 About 
another point, the equant. 

+ E-quat(e, fa. pple. Obs. [ad. L. aguat-us, 
pa. pple. of agud-re (see prec.).] Equivalent to 
the later Equarep. a. Astro/. b. Made level, 
levelled. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy. vi, In houre chosen equat for 
the nones. 1533 BeLLtenpen Livy 1. (1822) 39 At last, baith 
thir pepill war brocht undir ane communite to leif in Rome, 
and the ciete Alba equate... to the ground. 1536 — Cron. 
Scot. (1821) II. 161 Nevir to sever fra this town, quhill the 
wallis thairof wer equate to the ground. 

Equate (ékwei't), v. Also 7 equate. [f L. 
wquat- ppl. stem of egud-re: see prec.] 

+1. trans. To make (bodies) equal ; to balance. 
Obs. rare. 

1530 Patscr. 539/1 They were nothyng egall, but he hath 
nowe equated them. 1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sc. 394 
The Guinea and large Piece of Cork. .seem not to be nicely 
equated in Weight. 

+ 2. To take the average of. Ods. 

14.. Mann. § Househ, Exp. (1841) 439 Mete fyrst how 
many roddes that one ende is over thwart, and in lyke wyse 
mete that other ende. Than equate that. 

b. Astr. To reduce to an average; to make the 
allowances necessary for bringing observations to 
a common standard, or for obtaining a correct 
result. 

1633 T. James Voy. Q ij, The Declination was not equated. 
1677 R. eae Chrono, 1. 1. 1. xii. 44 With some other Epa- 
gomenae at the end of the Year, or in a short iod of 
Years fit to equate the Motion of the Sun. 1751 CHAMBERS 
Cyc. s. v., To Equate solar days, that is to convert apparent 
into mean time, and mean into apparent time. 1833 Her- 
SCHEL A stron. iv. 174 This last process is technically termed 
correcting or equating the observation for nutation. 

3. Math. To state the equality of (one quantity) 
to or with (another); to state the equality be- 
tween (two quantities) ; to put in the form of an 
equation. 

1779 Hutton in PAil. Trans, LXX. 9 The fluxion of this 
expression being equated to 0. 1806 — Course Math. 1. 
229 Peeing the terms which contain like powers of s. 
1846 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1. 11. 1. iii. § 24 It is not to be 
chipped out by the geologist or equated by the mathemati- 
cian. 1883 Nature XXVII. 225 By equating the computed 
difference to the actual difference. 

4. transf. and fig. To treat, regard, or represent 
as equivalent. 

18.. De Quincey Philos. Herod. Wks. 1862 VIII. 211 Three 
generations were equated to a century. 1840 GLApsTONE 
Ch. Princ. 399 The danger of confounding true and false by 


celebrated Equanimity encourag’d us to rec this 
Cause to your Highness. 1752 Fietpinc Amelia v. v, You 
have the equanimity to think so. : 

2. Evenness on mind or temper; the quality or 
condition of being undisturbed by elation, depres- 
sion, or agitating emotion ; unruffledness. 

1663 Prerys Diary 8 Mar., I cannot but remember my 
Lord's equanimity in all these affairs with admiration. 1710 
Tatler No. 242 Px This Quality [Good-Nature] keeps the 
Mind in Equanimity. 1785 Burke Sf. Nadob Arcot's Debts 
Wks. IV. 238 These gentlemen have borne all the odium of 
this publication .. with.. unexampled equanimity. 1814 
Scorr Wav. Ixv, The quiet ye! with which the 
Baron endured his misfortunes, something in it vener- 
ae and eyen sublime. 1 pen Euot A. =r 6x Mrs. 

‘0; hag’not yet recove' er eq) y on the 

b: pl. (monce-use.) Seasons of equanimity. 

tty Steen, Yud. 1. iii. 1020 Perturbations that possess 
The Mind or A2quanimities. 

Equanimous (ékwe'nimas), a, Also 7 equa- 
nimous. [f. L. aguanim-is (see prec.) + -0us.] 

1, Even-tempered ; not easily elated or depressed. 

Pf Trapp Comm. —— v. 16 [ — — be] pa- 
tient, or equanimous, easily parting with his right for peace’ 
sake. 1660 Gaupen Sucrltagiea 14 That = Reverend 
Bishops .. may not seem less equ: and cond d 
ing. 1721-2800 in Battey. 1865 Padd Mall G. 30 Aug. 3/2 


1 them [forms of religion] all. 1877 Skat Piers 
Plowm. Notes 460 Marlow uses the word ‘ * rather art- 
fully, so that it may be equated either to ‘ dearly’ or ‘ care- 
fully’. 1882 J. Ruys Celtic Brit., App. 278 Boudicca might 
pei be equated..with such a Latin name as Victorina. 


EQUATION. 


BES LAS the seein vcint of Rote 
Astrolabie. _ x; Conf. 111.67 He loketh his 
fous And eke on 67 He equa- 


2. gen. The action of making equal or ing ; 
te ate of bing epualy blast, elon 
equality. Now chi in phrases like equation of 


1656 Biounr G: uation, ing 
i Hare Prim, Orig. Man, u. ix. 216 very Re- 
dundance it self of Mankind seeming by anatural consecution 
to yield and subminister this Remedy, for its Reduction and 
- 19718 Rowe tr. Lucan u. (R), Again the golden 
day resum’d its right, And rul’d in just ion with the 

Suetvocke Voy. round Wi 140 It would 

determine the different values of the dollars 
and the i so as to come to a nice equation of 
be = wt Pol, Econ. ut. a rang 5 
excess of ii over arisin; 
the equation of international al demand 4 
1850 Grote Greece u. . 481 If his personal suffering 
could. .be..set in Sprecher the mischief 
rE both on his his . 1876 me a 
. Econ. ut. vii. w jua- 
tion of ineornationnt trade. Par coe pat 
II. Reduction to a normal value or position. 

3. Astr. The action of adding to or subtract- 
ing from any result of observation or calculation 
such a quantity as will compensate for a known 
cause of irregularity or error. Chiefly concr. the 
quantity added or subtracted for this purpose. 

Annual equation: see ANNUAL 2 b. 

Equation of the centre: the difference between the mean 

true ly of a heavenly body. 

+ Eccentric equation: = Equation to the centre. 

Equation of the equinoxes: the difference between the 
mean and ap, nt places of the equinoxes, arising from the 
ph on known as P7 ion of the equinoxes. 

Equation of time: the difference between the time shown 
by a clock (mean time) and that shown by a sundial. 

Personal equation: the correction required in astrono- 
mical observations in —— of greater or less inac- 
curacy habitual to individual observers. Also # d 

1666 Evetyn Mem, (1857) Il. 11 To the Royal iety, 
where one Mercator. .produced his rare clock, and new mo- 
tion to perform the equations. 1726 tr. 's Astron. 
I. 1. 421 When both t! Causes of the Equation of Time 
hold, 1812 Woopxouse A stron. xxxiv. 320 Corrections, or, 
as they are astr ically called, equati 1834 4 
Philos., Astron. x. 193/t Usef. Knowl. Soc.) The equation 
of the centre [of the sun] is subject to a very slow secular 
variation. 1853 Larpner 4. Astron. § 3200 If we 
suppose an imaginary moon to move from perihelion 
through aphelion back to perihelion, with a uniform angu- 
lar velocity. .the distance between this i i moon and 
the true moon is called the eguation of t, 

Mosetry Astron. xxi. (ed. 4) 96 The di 
true and mean solar time..is called the equation of time. 
1881 Lockyer in Nature No. 614. 318 err gag has no 
rsonal equation. 1881 New York Nation IL. 430 
e scientific genealogists of the more advanced school, 
who settle the problem off-hand, often in accordance with 
their personal equation. 

4. Equation of payments: the process of find- 
ing a mean time for the equitable payment in one 
amount of several sums due at different times. 

1677 Cocker Avith. xxix. Equation of payments is 
eae aa to colina, the times for payment of 
several sums of money to an eq! d time for pay of 
the whole debt without dammage to the Debtor or Creditor. 

ITI. Statement of equality. 

+ 5. Math. The action of stating the identity in 
value of two quantities or expressions. Oés. 

1570 Dex Math. Pref. 6 That Arithmeticall Arte of 

uation: commonly called. . bra. 1579 Dicces Stra- 
tiot. as Ragenes aes else but a certain conference 
of two numbers being in value Equal, and yet in multitude 
and Denomination different. 1664 P. 
187 Thus came they to upbraid .. Algebra wii 

i Numbers, x 


‘OWER 
tion of three discontin 

I. xi. 51 An Equation in the A 
con) two or 
Denominations. 

6. concr. A formula affirming the equivalence 
of two quantitative expressions, which are for this 


by the sign =. 
The two chief kinds of equations are : (1) ‘Those which con- 
tain sym! one or more n quantities ; 


x ’. Q. Rev. Oct.95 In the Book of Leinster thirty four known ndering ement 
foreign sats are equated with natives. Z are called its * roots (a) Those Sihich indicate @ constant 
Hence Equa‘ted ppl. a., Equa'ting vd/. sd. relation existing between variables ; as Equation to a curve, 
1633 H. Getupranp in T. James Voy. Rij, The equated | an equation expressing a relation or the 
Anomaly of the Corbe. 1691 Woop Ath, Oxon. 11. 338 He | like, which is constant for every point in the curve; egua- 
divulged his invention of the ee of a streight line toa | tion of motions, etc. Equations i: i 
crooked or le. 1694 BE. Hatuey in PAil. Trans. | ¢: , cubic, biquadratic, etc, (or as of the rst, 2nd, 
XVIII. esr n the EE Number II. is less than | 3rd, 4th, etc. degree) according to t 
113. 1790 Herscuet iid. LXXI. 122 The clock altered in of any unk 
to true —eee time. 1817 H. T. Cotesrooxe Algedra, 1570 Bittincstey Luclid nu. Introd. 60 Many rules .. of 
etc, 312 mean or equated depth. 1870 Bowen Logic | Algebra, with the equations th vsed. OBBES 
vi. 160 It makes no difference which of the equated quanti- Geom, Wks. 1845 VII. 366 You mean .. the 
ties is placed first. lowermost to the lowermost first ion are equal. 
Equation (ckwé'fon). Also 4 equacion, | 1750 Phil. Trans. XLVII. 62 Mr, de B mention'd.. 
i 6- ti ad. L. itton- we should..resolve the equation. 1807 Hutron Course 
equacioun, 6-7 equation. [ ares Abad Math, 11. 322 uation to the curve being ax=y*, 
f, wgua-re: see EQuaNnt.] Theaction of equalling. | 3:6 Prayrain Nat. Pui II. 227 This method < 
I. The action of making equal. mining ‘the of a given function, or correcting 
fi]. spec. in Astrol. Equal partition. | puations | ‘hem trom ctservation, by means ot Leyrterie 
of houses : the method of dividing the sphere equally | Mayer we 1838 Dr. Moran £ss. Probab. 29 


into ‘ houses’ for astrological em Obs. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. Tsou and ise proporcioneles 
conuenientz ffor hise equacions in euery thyng. ¢ 1391 — 


of 
1853 H. Doustas Mil. Bridges 
is 0! cid the Rhorbaptgucionctemlinwal= gta. % 


EQUATIONAL. 


1871 B, Stewart Heat § 62 From this equation we de- 
rive at once the relation between the temperature and the 
density of air. 1879 Tuomson & Tarr Nat. Phil. I. 1. § 191 
What is called the ‘equation of continuity ’ [for fluids], an 
unhappily chosen expression. 

b. transf. 

1860 Ap. THomson Laws Th. § 68. 110 Every affirmative 

judgment may be regarded as an equation of subject and 
’ predicate, A - 
ce. A formula which represents a chemical re- 
action by stating the equality between the symbols 
representing the original and those which repre- 
sent the resulting substances. 

1807 T. THomson Chem. (ed. 3) I, 132 We have therefore 
this equation, Carbon 28 + Oxygen 72 = Carb. Ox. 69 + 
Oxygen 31. 1844-57 G. Birp Urin, Deposits (ed. 5) 245 
In the following equation this decomposition of the allan- 
toin is assumed to have occurred. 1853 W. GreGorY Inorg. 
Chem. (ed. 3) 90 The following equation explains the change. 
(KO,NO5)+2 (HO,SO3)=(KO,HO,2SO3)+(HO,NO;). 

Equational (‘kwé'-fonal), a. [f. prec. + -AL. J 
Pertaining to, or involving the use of, equations. 
1864 W. Hirstey (tite), Equational Arithmetic : Ques- 
tions of Interest, Annuities, &c. 1880 A thenxum 13 Nov. 
636/3 A further theoretical aid in equational logic. : 

Hence Equa‘tionally adv., in an equational 
form ; by the use of equations. 

1881 Jevons in Nature XXIII. 487 They [secondary pro- 
positions] obey exactly the same formal laws as primary 
propositions, and are of course expressed equational ly. 

Equationism (7kwétfoniz’m). [f. as prec. + 
-IsM.] Also Equa‘tionist [+-1s7.] (See quots.) 

1871 W. G. Warp Ess. Theism (1884) 11. 247 The prin- 
ciple of ‘ equationism’; the principle. . of effecting an ‘ equa- 
tion’ between the strength of his convictions and the amount 
of proof on which they respectively rest .. The objection of 
equationists. -can be otherwise met, 

Equator (¢kwé'tér, -01). Also 7-8 equator. 
[a. late L. equator one who makes equal, hence 

in late L. (cerculus) wxquator diet et noctis ‘the 
equalizer of day and night’ (cf. egu¢noctial), f. 
wquare to make equal, f. egzus equal.] 

1. Astr. A great circle of the celestial sphere, 
whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of the 
earth, (When the sun is in the equator, day and 
night are equal in length: hence the name.) Com- 
monly called the Equrnoorrat. 

1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 17 The middel cercle .. is 
cleped also the weyere, equator of the day. 1594 J. Davis 
Seaman’s Secr, u. (1607) 2 When the Sunne cometh vpon 
the Equator, then the daies and nights are of one length 
through the whole worlde. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 
121 The time might come when capella..would have its 
motion in the equator. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. u. 295 
The beginning of the Equator, from whence the Right As- 
cension of the Stars is reckoned, is where it intersects the 
Ecliptic. 1837 WHEWELL Hist. Induct. Sc. m. i. § 8. I. 144 
‘The circle which divided the sphere [of the heavens] exactly 
midway between these poles was called the equator. 

2. Geog. A great circle of the earth, in the plane 
of the celestial equator, and equidistant from the 
two poles. 

x6rz Brerewoon Lang. § Relig. xiv. 149 That the Earth 
on the South side of the A’quator, should be of a more pon- 
derous disposition then on the North. 1646 Sir T. BrowNE 
Pseud, Ep. IX. ii. 61 The Northern pole of the Loadstone at- 
tracteth a greater weight then the Southerne on this side the 
Equator. 1727 THomson Summer 647 Mountains big with 
mines, That on the high equator ridgy rise. 1774 GoLpsm. 
Nat. Hist, (1776) 1.11 A polar prospect, and a landscape at 
the equator, are as opposite in their appearances as in their 
situation. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Voy. Eng. Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 12 The sea-fire shines in her wake .. Near the 
equator, you can read small print by it. 

Jig. @163t Donne Select, (1840) 105 A Christian hath no 
solstice .. much less hath he any equator, where days and 
nights are equal, that is, a liberty to spend as much time 
ill, as well, @ 166 Futter Worthies 1. 39 It [the Reforma- 
tion] is as it were the A®quator, or that remarkable Line, 
dividing between Eminent Prelates, Learned Writers, and 
Benefactors to the Publick, who lived Before or After it. 

8. transf. A similarly situated circle on any 
heavenly (or, occasionally, any spherical) body. 

1746 J. Parsons Hum. Physiognomy i. 14 Because Santo- 
rint, in his omy Vi of the Face, makes the Eye-lids meet 
upon the very Equator of the Eye-ball. 1834 Nat. Philos., 
Astron, iii. 83 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.) The t circle perpen- 
dicular to the axis of the moon, is called for a similar reason 
the equator of the moon. 1839 G. Brrp Vat, Phil. 351 In 
a sphere of quartz..at the equator. 1868 Lockyer tr. Gul. 
lemin's Heavens (ed. 3) 37 The rapidity of this movement 
varies regularly with their [Sun-spots’] distance from the 
solar equator. : 

b. Magnetic equator, an irregular line, passing 
round the earth in the neighbourhood of the 
equator, on which the magnet has no dip ;= Aclinic 
line (see ACLINIC). 

1832 Nat. Philos., Magnetisne iii. § 98 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.) 
The magnetic equator, 1849 Mrs. SomerviLLE Connex. 
Phys. Sc. xxx. 342 A line encircling the earth, called the 
magnetic equator, 

ec, Sond of the magnet (see quots.). 

1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. iii. 60 The Magnet .. is 


separated or diuided by a middle line or ASquator. 1837 
Brewster Magnet. 251 It is obvious..that the magnetic 
ntensity increases from the equator to the poles, 1871 


¥NDALL Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) I. xv. 416 Hold the needle over 
the equator of the magnet. 1885 S. THompson Electr. & 
dren. ii. § 78 The portion of te magnet which ae between 

ie two poles is apparently less magnetic .. This region 
Gilbert called the equator of the magnet, . 


255 


4. attrib. and Comdé., as equator-sun ; equator- 
wards adv., towards the equator. 

1735 Tomson Liberty iv. 413 Those [paths of the sea] 
that, profuse Drunk by Equator-Suns, severely shine. 1875, 
CroLt Climate § T. x. 187 ‘The pressure. .impels the bottom- 
water equatorwards. 1884 Dazly News 2 Aug. 5/4 To con- 
tinue the voyage equatorwards. — 

Equatorial (Zkwatderidl), 2. and sd. Also 
7-8 equatorial, 8-9 equatoreal. [f. L. wgudtor 
(see prec.) +-(1)AL; in Fr. éguatorial.] 

. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to the equator; situated or 
existing on or about the equator. 

1713 Dernam Phys.-Theol. 1. i. note 1 (R.), A prolate 
spheroid, making the polar about 34 miles shorter than the 
equatorial diameter. 1789 Herscuer Saturn in Phil. 
Trans. LUXXX. 16 The arrangement of the belts. .has always 
followed the direction of the ring, which is what I have 
called being equatorial. 1794 G. Apams Nat. & Exper. 
Philos. U1. xxxii, 334 Their surfaces will be higher. .in the 
equatoreal, than in the polar regions. 1860 Maury Phys. 
Geog. Sea v. § 296 Panama is in the region of equatorial 
calms. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 65 Equatorial grains 
are maize and rice. 

b. Pertaining to the ‘equator’ of a magnet, or 
of any spherical or spheroidal body. 

1664 Power Zxp. Philos. 11. 168 Those aequatorial parts 
of the Magnet, which before respected the East. 1837 
Brewster Magnet. 268 The middle of a copper wire .. was 
applied to the equatorial groove. 1861 J. R. Greene J/an. 
Anim, Kingd., Calent. 227 In Cestum.. these [a pair of 
symmetrical tentacles] do not .. issue from the equatorial 
region, thence turning away from the mouth. 

2. Lquatorial instrument or telescope: an appa- 
ratus consisting essentially of a telescope attached 
by an arm to an axle revolving in a direction 
parallel to the plane of the equator. By a uniform 
motion given to this axle (in large instruments by 
clockwork) the telescope follows the diurnal ap- 
parent motion of any point in the heavens to 
which it is directed. yuatorial circle: a gradu- 
ated circle (otherwise called hour-circle, right- 
ascenston-circle) revolving in a plane parallel to 
the equator, forming part of the equatorial in- 
strument. 

1791 JEFFERSON in Harper's Mag. (1885) Mar. 535/2 He 
is to pay for equatorial instrument. 1793 Sir G. Suuck- 
BURGH Eguator. Instr. in Phil. Trans, LXXXIII. 72 The 
idea of an equatorial telescope was again renewed by three 
several artists in thiskingdom. 1868 Airy Pod, Astron. ii. 39 
For causing the Equatoreal instrument to revolve uniformly. 

B. sd, = Equatorial instrument: see A. 2. 

1793 Sir G. Suucksurcu Eguator. Instr. in Phil. Trans. 
L XIII. 84 The equatorial is a machine calculated to 
observe the heavenly bodies in every part of the hemisphere. 
1847 WueEweLt Hist, Induct. Sc. vii. vi. § 1 (ed. 2) Transit 
instruments, equatorials, heliometers. 1879 Lockyer Elem. 
Astron. vi. 224 An equatorial. 

b. attrib. in equatorial clock, a clock for driving 
an equatorial. 

31884 Britren Watch and Clockm, Hand-bk. 66, 102. 

Equatorially (7kwatoeriali), adv. [f. prec. 
+-LY 2.] In an equatorial direction or position. 

180z Patey Nat. Theol. viii, It is occasionally requisite, 
that the object-end of the instrument be moved up and 
down, as well as horizontally or equatorially. 1868 Lockyer 
Elem. Astron. 224 An eight-inch telescope, equatorially 
mounted. 1870 R. M. Fercuson Electr. 41 Some arranged 
themselves axially, others equatorially. 1875 Crott Climate 
§ T. vi. 113 The cool and heavy water of the polar basin.. 
would flow equatorially with equal velocity. 1889 BuRDoN- 
SANDERSON in Vature 26 Sept. 529 Suppose that .. the ca- 
talyzable material .. is accumulated equatorially. 

a Eque. Se. Obs. A balanced account ; an 
acquittance, receipt. ‘So called from the phrase, 
et sic xgue, which was written at the foot of an 
account when it was closed or settled.’ (Jam. 
Suppl.) 

1636 Rec. Burgh Glasg. (1876) II. 41 Supplicatiounes to 
the exchequer annent oureque. 1637 Rec. Burgh Aberdean 
(1871) I. 118 The‘tounes eque wpoun the payment of thair 
burrow mailles. E 

Equerry (ekwéri, *kwe'ri). Forms: a. 6 es- 
quiry(e, 7 escuirie, 8 escurie. 8. 6 equirrie, 
7 equerie, 7-9 equery, 7- equerry. +. aphet. 
6-8 query, -rry,quiry, -rry. [ad. F. écurze, ear- 
lier escurte (also escuderie, by erroneous association 
with escuyer EsqurrE), med.L. scirta stable, f. 
OHG., sc#r shed, shelter (whence scitura, MHG. 
schiure, moa.G, scheuer barn). The surviving Eng. 
form is due to an erroneous idea of some connexion 
with L. eguzs horse ; the accentuation on the first 
syll., favoured by most Dicts. of the present cen- 
tury, is due to the same cause.] 

+1. The stables belonging to a royal or princely 
household; the body of officers in charge of the 
stables. Ods. 

a. 1552 Hutoer, Esquirye, equitium. 1895 in Spottiswood 
Hist, Ch. Scotl. (1677) VI. 413 His Majesties house and 
esquiry and stable. 1603 Hortanp Plutarch’s Mor. 84 
The keeping of an escuirie or stable of horses. 

. 1600 Gowrie Conspir.in Select. Hart, Misc.(1793) 190 

is hienes being now come downe by the equerie. a 1691 
Boyte Wes, VI. 354 (R.), Sir R. P., that is, (in the ear) Sir 
Robert Pye of the equerry. 173: in Bartey vol. II. 1800 
CoreripcE Piccolom, 1. ix, There is brought to me from 
your equerry A splendid .. hunting dress. 


EQUESTRIAN. 


y-, 161r Sprep Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. xxiv. (1632) 1183 He 
hauing familiar acquaintance in the Quirry. 1633 Forp 
Love's Sacr.. ii, There’s not a groom o’ the query could 
have match’d The jolly riding man. 1719 Glossogr. Angl. 
Nova s.v. Querry, A Gentleman of the bar 

2. [Short for ‘ gentleman of the equerry’, ‘groom 
of the equerry’; cf. AF. esquire de qurye, OF. 
escuyer adescuyrie.| *& A groom (0bs.). Db. 
An officer in the service of a royal or other exalted 
personage, charged with the care of the horses, 
At the English Court, an officer of the royal 
household, charged with the duty of occasional 
attendance on the sovereign. 

@, 1708 CHAMBERLAIN State Gt. Brit. 1. 1. xii. (1743) 100 
The constable hath also the power of escuries & pages. 

. 59x Horsey Trav. (1857) 197 At Yeraslaue another 
equirrie of the stable mett him. 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money 
Chas. & Yas. (1851) 151 In repayring of his house as one of 
the equerys, 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4464/4 One Equery, two 
Pages of Honour, and the Gentleman Usher in waiting, 
in Her Majesty’s Leading Coach. 1756-7 tr. Keysler’s 
Trav. (1760) IIT. 255 Attended .. by the Roman emperors 
..as if they were equerries or grooms of the holy see. 1813 
Examiner 3 May 280/2 His Royal Highness .. left Carlton 

Touse..accompanied by Captain Portier, his Equery. 1839 
tr. Lamartine’s Trav. East 41/1 The equerry of Lady 
Stanhope, who is at the same time her physician. 1865 
Marret Brigand Life 11,18 The equerries and militia of 
the barons. 

y- [1526 /fouseh, Ord. 172 The Master of the Horse .. 
to have sitting with him at his table the Esquires de Qurye 
and the Avenor.] /d/d. 206 The Master of the Horses doe 
appoint all such Querries, Officers, and Keepers as, etc. 
1591 SyLvester Du Bartas 1. vii. (1641) 61/2 As skilfull 
Quirry, that commands the Stable Of some great Prince. 
[1603 Florio Montaigne 1, ix. (1632) 17 A Gentleman... 
serving the King in place of one of the Quiers of his 
Quierie.] 1608 Bp. Hatt “fist. 1. vi, Francesco del Campo 
(one of the Arch-Dukes Quiryes). 1693 LutrreELe Brief 
Wel, (1857) IIL. 165 Mr. Charles Turner .. querrie to King 
James. 1763 Mrs. E. Stantey Prince Titi 14 The Querry 
or Riding-Master .. beat down a poor ancient Woman into 
a very miry Place. A 

Hence E-querryship, the office or position of 
an equerry. 

B. 1787 Miss Burney Diary (1842) III. 426 Her husband's 
Equerryship. 1882 Standard 13 Noy. 5/3 Colonel M’Neill 
has held for the last eight years an Equerryship to the Queen. 

y- 16x Cotar., Escuyrie, a Querry ship. 1681 BLount 
Glossogr., Querryship. 

Equestrial (/kwe'strial), a. [f. 
as next +-AL.] = EQuESTRIAN. 

1553 GRIMALD tr. Cicero's Duties (c. 1600) 99 b, It was 
wont to bee done abroad by vs of the Equestriall order. 
1607 TorseLt Four-f Beasts (1673) 232 The sight of one 
of these is nothing inferiour to the equestrial party coloured 
caparisons, 161x Coryat Crudities 289 One hundred and 
sixty fiue marble statues of worthy personages, partly 
equestriall, partly pedestriall. 1719 Oze.t tr. Misson's 
Trav. Eng. 309 (D.), Two others of the same King, one 
equestrial, and most furiously ugly. 1883 C. Bearp Re- 
formation iii. 96 The equestrial portrait which represents 
him triumphing over the Protestants on the battle-field of 
Miihlberg. 

Equestrian (‘kwe:striin), a. and sd. [f. L. 
eguestr?-s belonging to a horseman (f. egwes horse- 
man, f. egz-ws horse) + -AN.] 

A. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to horse-riding, 
persons: Skilled in horse-riding. 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Equestrian, pertaining to a 
Horse-man, Knight, or Gentleman, or to an Horse. I7Ir 
STEELE Sect. No. 104 P 1, I should be glad if a certain 
Equestrian Order of Ladies .. would take this Subject into 
their serious Consideration. 174x MippLeton Cicero (1742) 
I.1v, 273 The Equestrian races of the Circus. 1758 JoHNSON 
Idler No.6 ® 4 Future candidates for equestrian glory. 1838 
Lytton Adice 1. vi. 81 Evelyn’s inexperience in equestrian 
matters, 1866 EpcAr Rwsnymede (1870) 80 Their mettled 
palfreys, and their equestrian grace. 

2. Mounted on a horse. Also of a portrait or 
statue : Representing a person on horseback. 

171x Appison Sect. No. 59 P 4 The Antique Equestrian 
Statue of Marcus Aurelius. r7xx-14 Sfectator (J.), An 
equestrian lady appeared upon the plains. 1791 Cowper 
Odyss, 111. 22 Advance at once to the equestrian chief. 1840 
Dickens Barn. Rudge x, To sit for an equestrian portrait. 

8. Rom. Ant. Of or pertaining to the order of 
L£quites or Knights. 

1696 Kennett Rom. Antig. u. u1.i. 97 One that had Four 
hundred [sestertia] might be taken into the Equestrian 
Order. 1781 Gipson Dec?. §& F. 111. 241 Whatever might 
be the numbers, of equestrian, or plebeian rank, who per- 
ished in the massacre of Rome. 1879 FroupE Cesar viii. 
78 Cicero challenged his opponents .. to find a single in- 
stance in which an Equestrian Court could be found to have 
given a corrupt verdict. 

transf. 1791 Burke Aff. Whigs Wks. 1808 VI. 237 A 
middle sort of men; a sort of equestrian order. ‘ 

b. ist. Of or pertaining to the ‘knightly 
order’ in the states of the Holy Roman Enpire. 

1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. iv. 64 Next day the Equestrian 
Order went to the House of Senators. ‘1711 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 4930/1 The Deputies of the Equestrian Order, were to 
meet there, 1845S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. U1. 617 The 
bishop, chapter and equestrian order, or nobles(Ritterschaft). 

B. sb. a. One who rides on horseback. b. 
One who publicly performs on horseback. 

1791 ‘G. Gampapo’ Ann, Horsem. v. (1809) 87 Many of 
hie’ Majesty's faithful subjects, whose occupations oblige 
them daily to figure as equestrians. 1818 Scotr Arf, 
Midi. xiii, He stopped .. internally wishing no good to the 
panting equestrian. 1840 BarHam /ngol. Leg., Spectre 


Now rare. 


Also of 


EQUESTRIENNE. 


Tapping ton (1882) 336 Mr. Peters. .indifferent as an eques- 
trian, had ired some fame as a whip. 1860 Emerson 
Cond Lifts Hate Wha. Chobuh U1. sph he ‘the equeuvians 
in the circus throw themselves nimbly from horse to horse. 
1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. x. 243 The tracts for eques- 
trians having been from time to time increased, 

Hence + Equestria’na ? xonce-wd. [f. as if Lat.], 
a female equestrian. Eque‘striani:sm, the art or 
practice of riding on horseback. Eques‘trianize 
v. intr., to act as an equestrian, Equ‘estrian- 
izing vb/. sb. 

1825 C. M. Westmacotr Eng. Spy I. iy See Mrs. M. a 
superb equestriana. 1872 G/ Aue, islike of eques- 
trianism. 1881 Morning Post 29 Sept. 5/4 Schule Reiterei 
..or riding school equestrianism. Boston (Mass.) 
Frnl. 28 Nov. 2/1 Senator — and his daughters equestrianize 
about Washington daily. 1886 Brackre in Cassels Fam. 
Mag. Feb. 151 This habit of bracing equestrianising. 

Equestrienne. [pseudo-Fr. fem. of EqQues- 
TRIAN.] A horsewoman, female equestrian. 

1864 in WeesTer. 1888 G. C. Boase Ducrow in Dict. 
Nat. Biog. XVI. 97/1 A well-known equestrienne, 

Equi- (7kwi-), repr. L. egui-, combining form 
of eguus equal, pre xed originally to words of 
Latin origin, as eguiangu/ar, but occasionally to 
those from other sources, as eguz-balance. The 
majority of the words so formed are adjectives ; 
these are chiefly parasynthetic derivatives f. sbs. 
after the analogy of the simple adjs.; in other 
instances the prefix has the advb. sense ‘equally, 
in an equal degree’, Less frequently the prefix 
forms verbs and substantives. 

E:quijanharmornic a. (see quot.) Hence E:qui- 
anharmo‘nically adv, E:quijarti‘culate a.,hav- 
ing equal joints with another. Equiba‘lance sé. 
= EQumLiBRIUM. + Equiba‘lance v. Ods., to coun- 
terpoise, to constitute an equivalent to. E:qui- 
bira'diate a., having two equal rays, Equi- 
changeable a., equally varying. +Equichea-p- 
ness, Ods. thequality of being equally cheap. Equi- 
convex a., having two convex surfaces presenting 
equal curves. Egquicre’scent a., increasing by 
equal amounts, having equal increments, + Equi- 
cu'rve a. Obs., having an equal curve ¢o (some 
other line), ZE:quidia‘gonal a., having the dia- 
gonals equal. E:quidiu‘rnal a. xonce-wd., transl. 
Gr. lonpepivés (see quot.). + E:quidivi-sion, Ods., 
equal division, + E:quidu-rable a. Oés., equally 
durable, Equije’xcellency, the being equally ex- 
cellent. Equigra‘phic, a. (see quot.). Equi- 
lo‘bate a., equally lobate, having equal lobes. 
+ Equilu‘cent a. Ods., shining with equal or even 
light. E:quimome‘ntal a. Physics, having equal 
moments of inertia about parallel axes. + Equi- 
ne‘cessary a. Ods., needful in an equal degree, 
+Equinu'merally adv. Ods., in equal, z.e. cor- 
responding, numbers or feet. + Equinu‘merant 
a. Obs., having the same number, consisting of the 
samenumber. + E:quiomni-potent a. Ods., “wy 
all-powerful. Equipensate v. Ods., to weig 
equally ; to esteem alike. E:quiperio‘dic a., hav- 
ing equal periods. Equipro‘babilism, the doc- 
trine of the equiprobabilists. Equipro‘babilist 
(see quot.). Equiproducing a., equally pro- 
ducing ; producing an equal amount or crop. 
Equira‘dial a., having equal radii. Equira’- 
dical a. ‘equally radical’ (W.). E:quiseg- 
mental a. Math., having equal segments. Equi- 
sized a., equally sized, of equal size. + Equi- 
sufficiency once-wd., the being equally sufficient. 
E:quitange‘ntial a., having a tangent equal to a 
constant line; said of a certain curve. + Equi- 
tempora‘neous a. Ods., performed in equal 
lengths of time. + Equiva‘liant a. Ods., equally 
valiant; of sufficient prowess. Equiva‘lue v. 
trans., (a.) to value equally, put on a par; (d.) 
to equal in value, E‘quivalved a. Conch. (see 
quot.). + E:quivelo'city, O/s., equality in velo- 
city. Equivo'te, the event of an equal number of 
votes having been given on either side. 

1885 LeupesporF Cremona's Proj. Geom. 55 If two ranges, 
each of four points, are projective, they .. are “equianhar: 
monic. 1852 Dana Crust, 11. 1131 The accessory ch is 
but little the shorter, nearly “equi-articulate. 1841 Blackw. 
Mag. XLIX. 372 The sphere of Coreggio. .exemplified the 
attempt to create an *equi-balance of the t el ts of 
the constitution of man. 1665 MaNtry Srotius Low C. 
Warres 916, 500 Foot, or so many Ships, as should * equi- 
ballance that Number. 1675 J. Smitu Chr. Relig. Appeal 
48 (L.), In Mahomet ,, the passi of and 
ambition were almost equibalanced. 1678 WoopHEAD 
Holy Living (1688) 110 Equiballancing to the other. 1800 


Sir W. Herscuet in Phil. Trans. XC. 536 The ea 
tional elevations which a set of *equi-changeable 0+ 


meters would experience. 1817 H. T. Coresrooxe Algebra 
58 *Equidiagonal te: ms, 16x2 Sturtevant Metallica 
(1854)85 Equi-suffici *Equi-ch ui-excellency 


are the lesser vertues of a deriuative Inuention]. 1857 B. 

RICE /nfinitesimal Calculus 1, 89 This variable .. I have 
ventured to call *Equicrescent. 13726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 
I. 1. 47 The Proportions ,, agree ., to this Curve, to which 


| absurdity. 


stitution, or State of Aij urab! 
[see quot. for eguich ]*Eq lency. 1866 Proctor 
Handbk, Stars 22 The homolographic (or, as I prefer to 
call it, the ea projection of maps: that is of the 


Calendar ; 
translated into English Verse *equinumerally. 1705 Ar- 
BuTHNOT Coins (J.), This talent of gold, though not *equi- 

a » hor yet equiponderant, as to any other; yet was 
equivalent to some correspondent talent in brass. 2797 J. 
Lawrence in Monthly Mag. (1818) XLVI. 214 That even 
abstract power appears to be limited by *equi ip 
it — Te Cores, *Eguipensate, weigh or es- 
teem alike. incHin Unipl. Kinemat. 10 Su — 
*Equiperiodic Rectilinear Vibrations. 1817 H. ‘I’. Core- 
BROOKE A /gebra 74 Also in an *equi- aiiodan tetragon 
..to find the area. 1888 Dudlin Rev. Jan. 219 The con- 
test between probabilism and *zquiprobabilism has not 
been touched at all. 1882 LitrLepate in Exncycl. Brit. 
XIV. 636 s.v. Li i, *Equiprobabilists, who teach that 
in a balance of opinion the less safe opinion may be lawfully 
followed, provided it be as probable, or nearly as probable, 
as its opposite. 1846 Grote Greece u. vi. Il. 537 Something 
approaching to *equi-producing lots for all. 1817 CoLeripGE 
Biog. Lit. 130 If we affirm of a circle that it is *equi-radial. 
1889 Evening Post 25 Jan. 1/4 The lady’s bicycle, which is 
built .. with *equi-sized wheels, 1612 [see quot. for egui- 
cheapness) *Equi-sufficiency. 1715 De Moivre in Pil. 
Trans. XXIX. 334 The Curve A C B may..be call’d the 
*Equitangential Curve. 1871 OLNey Geom. xiii. 172 The.. 
Equitangential Curve is generated by the motion of a 
weight, etc. 1 F, Hauxssee Phys. Mech. Exper. v. 
(1719) 197 Galileo's famous Proposition, about the *Equi- 
temporaneous Descents of heavy Bodies in the Chords of a 
Circle. 1579 J. Stuspes Gaping Gulf D ij b, The daughter 
.. Shal haue much adoe to find *equiualiant champions. 
1803 W. Taytor in Robberds prs 470 He has the fault 
of all our antiquaries, to *equivalue the noble and the rabble 
of authorities. 1865 F. Haut in Reader 14 Jan. 43/1 Any- 
thing adequate mounts up to; whereas that which is 
adequative simply equivalues. 1836 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 
I. 711 In a considerable number of species the two 
valves are alike, when the shell is said to be “equivalved. 
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. ii. § 16 The *aqui-velocit 
of the motion of all Atoms .. which he likewise asserted. 
1745 Revised Charter Yale Coll.in Catal. Yale Univ. (1886) 
20 Where an *Equivote happens, the President shall have 
a casting Vote. 1888 A, P. Foster in Advance (Chicago) 
1 Mar. 132 In an equi-vote the question shall determine on 
that side on which the presiding member shall have voted. 

Equiaval: see Equ&vat. 

+ Equia‘ngle, a. and sd. Obs. 
angle, f. égui- EQui- + angle ANGLE. 

A. adj. Having equal angles : = EQUIANGULAR. 

1570 BituincsLey Euclid tv. ii. 111* To describe a triangle 
equiangle vnto a triangle geuen. 1§7x Dicces Pantom. 
(1591) 5 They are termed Equiangle Polygons. 1611 Cotcr., 
Icosaédre. consists of twentie psa triangles. 

B. sé. pl., Equal angles. 
right angles. 

1593 Norven Sfec. Brit., M'sex. 1. 10 It cutteth the same 
also by equiangles. 

+ Equia'ngled, a. Ols. Also 7 equi-. [f. as 
prec. + -ED2; cf. ANGLED.] = EQuIANGULAR. 

1660 T. Wittsrorp Scales of Commerce 182 A triangle, 
equiangled with that of the Turrets shadow. 1672 Boye 
Orig. Gems Wks. 1772 III. 534 Twelve zquilateral and 
gquiangled Pentagons. 1 Anseaman Geom, Epit. 75 
The triangles .. are equiangled. 

Equiangular (ikwijengislis), a. Geom, [f. 
Equi- + ANGULAR.) Having equal — 

a. Having all its angles equal. b, Having 
angles respectively equal with those of another 
figure, or making equal angles with a line. Zgui- 
angular spiral (see quot. 1884), 

1660 Barrow Euclid 1. def. 28b, An Equiangular or 
equal-angled figure is that whereof all the les are equal. 
1721-1800 in Baitey, 1756 Simpson Euclid (Jod.), A circle 
may be inscribed in a eC equilateral and equiangular 

i Phil. Trans. LXXVI. 21 The method 


[a. Fr. éguz- 


By equiangles: at 


ee ee ee ee OO 


EQUIDISTANT. 


Min, 222 when it has the of i 
which pape ed to that of pape. in omit 


-biradiate: see Equt- pref. 
+Evquicerve. Oés. [ad. late L. eguicervus, f. 

L. eguus horse + cervus stag.] (See quots.) 
[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. cx. (1495) 851 In the 
of P is a wylde cowe that hathe heer in her 


57 The is Mercury, an 
1688 R. Hi: Armoury 
body of a Horse with outward bended horns, 
-cheapness, -convex, 

-crescent: see Equi- prs 

uicrural (7:kwi;kriiral),@. Also 7-8 equi-. 
[f. L. aguicriir-us (see next)+-aL; ef. Fr. égui- 
crural.) Of a si «3 Having legs of equal 
length; isosceles. Of a cross: Having equal 
arms. 

_ Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef, (ed. 2) 233 Draw lines from 
angle to angle, untill seven equicrural triangles be described. 
1656-81 in Biount Glossogr. 1762 Hamitton in Phil. 
Trans. LILI. 119 Let the aquicrural err A, B,C, re- 
present a wedge. 1843 Fraser's Mag. XXVII. 716 Pieces 
of masonry, in the form of an equi cross. 

+ E-quicrure, a. Ods. [ad. late L. aguicriir-us, 
wquicrir-ius, f. egui- (see EQUI-) + cris, criir-is 
leg.] = prec. 


1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies ix. (1658) 88 Let the Equicrure 
triangle be ABC: and from the point A, etc. /did. ix. 
(R.), Consider the increase of an equicrure triangle. 1775 in 
Asx. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 


Equicurve: see Equi- pref. 

Equidifferent (Zkwidi'férént), a. 
sequidifferent. {f Equi- + DirFErEnT.] 

1. Having equal differences ; arithmetically pro- 
portional. 


1695 Hattey Easy Demonsir. Log. T: ‘s in Mise, 
Cur. (1708) IL. 31 The Secants of zquidifferent Arches. 
— uTToNn Course Math, 1, 227 A Series of equidifferent 


erms. 

2. Said of a crystal in which the numbers of the 
faces presented severally by the prism and by each 
summit, form a series in arithmetical progression, 
as 6, 4, 2. 

87 Jameson Char. Min. 208 Equidifferent basaltic 


Also 8 


hornblend is a six-sided prism. 
Equidi (7kwi,di'stans). Fe équi- 
distance, £. éguidistant: see next.] fact of 


being equidistant. Also in phrase At eqguidistance 
= at equal distances. 
oq Licutroor Misc, 11 (T.), From the equidistance of 
the otters snd wows, they exther Oo apes ae 
ns, 1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. (1650) 334 The col- 
terall equidi of german from the stock 
whence both descend. axzaz Keit tr. Maupertuis’ Diss. 
(730 35 The gravity of Bodies «. at canmenaes Som the 
‘enter arth, is as their quantities of Matter. 1873 
Browninc Red Cott. Night-c. 417 There lie, age oy at 
equidistance, thorpes And villages and towns the 


in, for man, in one circumference. 
Pseud. ee ee ee be equidistant from that Tro- 
1796 Morse 


Lit. 1. x. 178 My opinions .. 
all the th svelen i Counterp. 
xii. r The (4) parts ne Pie baad ecaltaoane ns 
2. Always preserving the same distance (from 
another line, etc.) ; parallel. 
1570 Bitiincstey Euclid 1. def. 35 Parallel or ae. 
tant right lines. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog, Del. eos. 


It is contained betwixt two equidistant 
Purcuas Pol, Flying-Ins. 195 The back .. hath several 


quind. ae 

employed to e the threads of the screw equiangular 
wil e axis, 1840 Larpner Geom. 119 Mutually equi- 
angular, and.. therefore similar. 1854 Woopwarp J/ol- 
dusca 1.223 Beak —. area equiangular. 1884 B, Wit- 
uiamMson Diff. Calculus xii. 223 In the a spiral .. 
the angle between the radius vector and the tangent is con- 
stant. On account of this property the curve is also called 

8 


the equiangular 
ty (ikwijengivleriti). [Ff 

prec, - -1ry.] The condition or fact of being equi- 
angular, 

3855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1873) 11. 54 The equi- 
vas etn ttsaila ie kuown Bae tn clog: 
Equianharmonice, -articulate: see Equr-. 
Equiaxe (7‘kwijeks), a Crystallogr. [a. Fr. 
[eras f. L, wgui- (see Equi-) + axis Axis.) 

aving equal axes, 

1810 J. T. in Risdon's Surv, Devon Introd, 1 —— 
axe crystals have.. been found, 1817 R. Jameson Char, 


“guid 


by cing the diameter by a line equal 
to half the chord of a pees of the sphere. 
1866 Proctor Handbk. Stars 20 The idistant projec- 


tion, 1867 Denison Astron, without Metts 
Hence Equidi'stantly adv., so as to be equi- 
+ Equidi'stant- 


uedistantly placed. RT. Pseud. Ep. w. 
v. 188 The Tver doth uidi: communicate its 
activity unto either arme. $859 Toop Cyct. Anat. V. 598/2 
These parts .. when spread out from each 
other, 1873 Fercusson in Tristram Land of Moab 377 The 


EQUIDIURNAL. 


heads of the arches spaced equidistantly with those on the 

flanks. ae Equidistantness, a being equidistant. 

Equidiurnal, -division, -durab e, -excel- 
leney: see Equi- pref: 

uiform (7‘kwifgim), a. [ad. L. eguzformis 
uniform, f, wguus equal + forma shape, figure.] 

Having one and the same shape or form, 

In mod, Dicts. : . , 

Equiformal (zkwijff-mmil), a. [f L. xgui- 
Sormis (see prec.) +-AL.] = prec. 

1883 E, R. Lanxester in Zncycl. Brit, XV1. 660 The 
teeth being equi-formal. 

+Equifo'rmity. Os. [f Equirorm + -1ry.] 
Uniformity. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 191 There being in them 
[the heavens]..a simplicity of parts, and equiformity in 
motion continually succeeding each other, 1721-1800 in 
Baiey. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts, 

Equigraphic: see Equi- pref. 

mpmajncent, a. [f. Equi-+L. jacentem, pr. 
pple. of jacére to lie. 

1662 SaLussury Math. Coll. §& Trans. 11. 334 All these 
parts of the Water are Equijacént, as being all equidistant 
from the Center of the World. 

+ Equila‘ter, 2. and sb. Ovs. Also 6 equi- 
latre, 7 equilater. [ad. Fr. eguzlatere, ad. late 
L. xguilater-us, f. equi- (see Equi-) + latus, later-is 
side. 

A. adj. Having equal sides. 

170 Bituincstey Euclid 1. def. 24 An equilatre triangle 
is that, which hath three equall sides, 1589 PuTrEnHAm 
Eng. Poesie u. xi. (Arb.) 113 Of the square or quadrangle 
equilater. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel, 1. i. m1. i, 520 Faith 
and Hope, which with this our loue make..an Aiquilater 
Triangle. 166: S. Partripce Double Scale Proport. 50'To 
find the side of an Equilater triangle. 1715 De Moivre 
in Phil, Trans, XXIX. 335 Let A Hh be an Equilater 
Hyperbola. 

B. sb. a. Geom. A square or cube. b, Arith. 
A square or cube number. 

1614 T. Bepwett Vat. Geom. Numbers i, 4, 4 is a figurate 
equilater, and the side or roote of it is 2, 1636 HARTWELL 
in Record Gr. Artes 560 An zquilater plaine is a number 
made by two equall sides, or by any number multiplyed by 
it selfe. It is vulgarly called a square or quadrat. dd. 
570 An Equilater, is a number made by three equall sides, 
or by any number multiplyed by it selfe, and that product 
—- by the foresaid number, It is called an Equilater 
..or Cube. 

Equilateral (zkwiletéril), a. Also 6-7 
equilaterall,(7eequi-). [ad.lateL. aguzlateralis, 
f. equz- (see Equi-) + Jatus, later-is side + -Au.] 

Having all the sides equal. 

Equilateral arch: an arch, in which the chords of the 
sides form with the base an equilateral triangle. gzz- 
lateral hyperbola, one whose axes are equal. Lguilateral 
shell, one in which a transverse line drawn through the 
apex of the umbo divides the valve into two equal and 
symmetrical parts. 

1570 BiLLincsLey Exclid 1. i. 10 How to describe an equi- 
laterall triangle redily and mechanically. 1634 Sir T. 
Herpert 7rav. 112 The Sepulchre of Maleck Bahamans 
beloued Queene ..’tis of foure /€quilaterall squares, 
eleuated eight yards high of stone. 1727 Swirt Gudliver mm. 
ii, 185 A shoulder of mutton, cut into an equilateral tri- 
angle. 1824 Scorr St. Ronan’s xv, A cocked hat of equi- 
lateral dimensions. 1848 Rickman Archit. 88 The principal 
moulding of these doors has generally an equilateral arch. 
18gr RicHarpson Geo/. viii. 232 The shell is consequently 
equilateral. 1869 Dunkin Midn. Sky 2x Denebola, Arcturus 
and Spica form very nearly an equilateral triangle, 1880 
C. Taytor Anc. & Mod. Geom. Conics vi. 167 The Equilateral 
Hyperbola is .. also called Rectangular. 1885 LEuDEsporF 
Cremona’s Proj. Geom. 269 If the hyperbola is equilateral 
..the asymptotes are the only pair of tangents which cut 
at right angles. fs ; 

Hence Equilaterally adv., in an equilateral 
manner or form. 

31832 Dana Crust. 1, 704 The posterior [epimeral] equi- 
laterally triangular, = : 

Equilibrant (zkwi'librint). Physics. [a. Fr. 
équilibrant, f. équilibrer, f. équilibre, ad. L, xqua- 
Zibrium.] (See quot.) 

1883 THomson & Tarr Nat. Phil. § 558 Any system of 
forces which if applied to a rigid body would balance a 
given system of forces acting on it is called an equilibrant 
of the given system. " 

+ Equili‘brate, 2. Ods. [ad. L. xguilibrat-us 
in equilibrium, pa. pple. of *eguilibrare, f. aqui- 
(see Equt-) + Zibva balance.] Equally balanced. 

1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 810 Next for the Earth, Plato 
says it was equilibrate without Inclination. 

Equilibrate (7kwijloibreit), v. Also 8 eequi- 
librate. [f. late L. wguzlibrat- ppl. stem of *egui- 
librare : see prec.] 

1. trans, To bring into or keep in a state of equi- 
poise or equilibrium; to balance, Also const. z7th. 

1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. iii. 67 An iron-wire or 
needle, first equilibrated, and then stirred % by the load- 
stone. ely Prego Phys. Theol.v. ii. 327 The Shoulders, 
Arms, and Sides equilibrated on one Part. 1733 ARBUTH- 
not A7r (J.), he bodies of fishes are equilibrated with the 
water in which they swim. 1844 De Quincey Logie Pol. 
Econ. 230 To equilibrate the supply with the demand. 
1860 Apm. Firz-Roy in Merc. Mar. Mag. VII. 356 It must 
go to equilibrate the atmosphere. 1872 Contemp. Rev, XX. 
99 He may wisely try to equilibrate his impulses. i 

2. To be in equilibrium with ; to counterpoise, 
balance. 

Vou. III. 


257 


3829 Vat. Philos., Mechanics m, ii. 10 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.), 
The weight which equilibrates that of the body. 1865 
Spectator 4 Feb. 117 The excise duty on English malt is 
supposed to equilibrate the import daey on foreign malt. 
1870 R. M, Fercuson Electr. 122 The two forces would 
equilibrate each other. 

. absol. and intr. To be in a state of equili- 
brium; to balance. Const. wéth. 

1829 Nat. Philos., Mechanics i. ii. 10 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.), 
This weight will equilibrate with that of the body. 1830 
Kater & Larpn. Mech, x. 129 The forces neutralise each 
other and mutually equilibrate. 1862 F, Hate Hindu 
Philos. Syst. 17 When virtue and sin equilibrate, one in- 
herits humanity. 1882 E. A. Doucias in Nature XXV. 
504 In order that solar gravity and centrifugal force may 
equilibrate. 

Hence Equili-brated, Equili-brating f2/. adjs. 

1664 PowER Exp. Philos. mm. 161 It will acquire so strong 
a Magnetism .. that it will .. turn an equilibrated Needle. 
1816 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 230 To explain the 
nature of the equilibrated arch. 1761 Eart Pembroke 
Equitation (1778) 26 By a proper equilibrating position of 
the body. 1797 T. Jerrerson Writ, (1859) IV. 156 An 
equilibrating power against the fecundity of generation. 
1882 Mincuin Unipl. Kinemat, 25 An equilibrating system 
of forces. 2 

Equilibration (Zkwijloibrzifan). Also 7-8 
equilibration. [f. as prec.: see -ATION.] The 
action of bringing into or keeping in equilibrium ; 
the state or condition of being evenly balanced, 
Applied both to material and immaterial things. 
Const. 40, with. Arch of equilibration (see quot.). 

1612 Brerewoop Lang. § Relig. xiv. 149 And so the 
opposite halfs of the earth..be brought on al sides, about 
the center, unto a perfect equilibration. 1625 JACKSON 
Creed v. vii. Wks. IV. 60 Simple Atheism consists in an 
equilibration of the mind. 1664 Powrr £.xf. Philos. u. 102 
It comes to an equilibration with those circumjacent 
Bodies. 175r Jounson Rambler No. 111 P 3 Drowsy equi- 
librations of undetermined counsel. 1772 Hutron Bridges 
16 ABCD shall be an arch of equilibration, or be in equi- 
librium in all its parts. 1819 Prayrair Wat. Phil. I. 147 
An arch, of which the parts balance one another in this 
manner [by their weight only], is called an Arch of Equi- 
libration, 1869 Tynpatt in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 228 The 
position of every atom .. is determined by the equilibration 
of these two forces, 

Equilibratory (zkwijloibrateri), a. [f. as 
prec. +-ory.] Tending to produce equilibrium. 

1875 Jevons Money (1878) 139 A compensatory or, as I 
should prefer to call it, equilibratory action, goes on under 
the French currency law. 

+ Equili‘bre. Os. Also 8 equiliber. [a. F. 
équilibre, ad. L. equilibrium : see EQUILIBRIUM. ] 

. = EQUILIBRIUM. 

1621-31 Laup Serm. (1847) 104 The earth itself, that hath 
but one ‘ pillar’, and that is the poise and equilibre of the 
centre. 1761 EArt PEMBROKE Equitation (1778) 17 The 
true principles of equilibre and ease. 1772 BARRINGTON in 
Phil. Trans, LX11. 326 She at last taught herself the proper 
equilibre of the body. 1777 Simpson Baratariana (ed. 3) 
25 note, The power a bird has of preserving its equiliber in 
the air. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. ix. (1819) 111 It is by the 
equilibre of the muscles .. that the head maintains its erect 
posture, 

2. A balancing feat. 

1769 Public Advertiser 13 Mar. 4/2 The amazing Monkey 
..that goes thro’ his Equilibres on the tight... Rope. 

Equilibrial (zkwijli‘brial), a. [f. EquiLipri- 
UM+-AL.] Of or pertaining to equilibrium ; con- 
structed on the principle of equilibrium, 

1772 Hutton Bridges 79 The elliptical arch seems. . fittest 
to @ substituted instead of the equilibrial one. 

Equilibriate (zkwijlibrijcit), v. [f. as prec. 
+-ATE3.]=EQuiuipraTE. Hence Equili‘briated 
ppl. a 

1649 G. Dantet Trinarch., Rich. II, cxxx, T’ Equilibriate 
his Fame To all the Glories of his Crowne and Name. 1870 
E. L. Garsett in Eng. Mech, 11 Mar. 624/2 An equilibriated 
earth would have..a permanent high water. 1882 Ayvow- 
ledge 4 Aug. 161 If one be at a higher potential than the 
other, a current will pass through the gonductor, and so 
equilibriate the two potentials, 

Equilibrious (7kwijli‘bries), a. Also 7-8 
sequilibrious. [f. Equinipri-um+-ous.] That 
is in a state of equilibrium; evenly balanced. 
Also const. Zo. 

1643 Oath Pacif. 29 Our successe hath hitherto been so 
equilibrious, that we have no reason to presume. 1653 H. 

ORE Conject, Cabbal. (1662) 116 The Bodies of the Inhabit- 
ants are zquilibrious to the Region, and do not sink by 
any ponderosity. bi Mortanp in PA7t. Trans. XXIII. 
1326 A sort of Aiquilibrious disposition of the Fluids, and 
Muscular parts. 1793 Wytues Decis. Virginia, 48 The 
evidence of priority had seemed otherwise equilibrious. _ 

Hence + Equili‘briously adv. Ods., in an equi- 
librious or well-balanced manner. 

1664 H, More Myst. Inig. 313 At first he might wear his 
Horns somewhat equilibriously. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. 
Mor. (1756) 58 Wherein falsehood and truth seem almost 
zequilibriously stated. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Equilibrist (zkwi-librist, ? zkwi,li-brist). [a. 
F. équilibriste, £, éguilibre ; see EQUILIBRE.] One 
who is skilled in feats of ‘ balancing’ ; esf. a rope- 
walker, acrobat. 

1760 Monthly Rev. Aug. 163 Qualifications .. judged 
necessary to constitute an es. 1801 Strutr Sports 
Past. 11. v. 200 A monkey has lately performed there, bot 
as a rope-dancer and anequilibrist. 1841 CarLin V. Amer. 
Ind. (1844) II, li. 138 If he be not an experienced equilibrist, 
he is sure to get two or three times soused. 186x ///ust. 


EQUILIBRIZE. 


Lond, News 24 Aug. 193/3 The daring equilibrist began 
her exhibition of skill. 

Hence E:quilibri‘stic @., of, pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, an equilibrist. 

1882 Standard 14 Jan., Equilibristic performances. 1884 
L’pool Mercury 22 Oct. 5/8 Miss Henriette on a single wire 
gives a clever “equilibristic’ entertainment. 

Equilibrity (7kwijlibriti). [ad. L. aguilibri- 
tas, f. equilibrts equally balanced, f. aguas equal + 
libra balance.] The state or condition of being 
equally balanced ; equilibrium. 

1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies xix. (1658) 209 The weight of the 
other side. .drew it the other way, and in this manner kept 
it in equilibrity. 17zx-1800 in Baitey. 1847 in Craic; 
and in mod. Dicts, 1-3 

Equilibrium (zkwijlibrijm). Also 7-9 
equilibrium. [a. L. xguzlibrium, f. eguus equal 

+ libra balance.] 

1. In physical sense: The condition of equal 
balance between opposing forces; that state of 
a material system in which the forces acting upon 
the system, or those of them which are taken into 
consideration, are so arranged that their resultant 
at every point is zero. 

A body is said to be in stad/e equilibrium, when it returns 
to its original position after being disturbed ; in unstable 
when it continues to move in the direction given to it by 
the disturbing force ; in #eutral, when it remains stationary 
in its new position, 

1660 BovLe New Exp. Phys. Mech, i. 36 The pressure on 
all hands being reduced as it were to an A‘quilibrium. 1697 
Phil. Trans. X1X. 446 The Fluids, pressing equally and 
easily yielding to each other, soon restore the A‘quilibrium. 
1796 Atwoop Floatation ibid. LXXXVI. 51, 1st. The 
equilibrium of stability. .2dly. The equilibrium of instability 
.. 3dly. The equilibrium of indifference. 1830 HERscHEL 
Stud. Nat. Phil. 222 Thereby to maintain equilibrium. 
1838 J. Grant S&. Lond. 299 Trying how fast they could 
run down [the hill] without losing their equilibrium. 1860 
Mut Repr. Govt. (1865) 6/1 A government so situated is in 
the condition called in mechanics unstable equilibrium, like 
a thing balanced on its smaller end. 1879 tr. De Quatre- 
Sages’ Hum. Species 4 In the crystal once formed, the 
forces remain in a state of stable equilibrium. 

b. Lguilibrium of temperature: see quot. 

1794 J. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 9t The supposed state 
of a perfect equilibrium, or equal temperature among bodies. 
1871 B. Stewart //eat § 12 Two bodies may be said to be 
ina state of equilibrium of temperature with each other 
when if shaken together they neither change their state 
with respect to heat, nor, etc. 

2. The state of equal balance between powers of 
any kind; equality of importance or effect among 
the various parts of any complex unity. 

1677 Govt. Venice 80 So to balance their [the Spaniard 
and the French] Power, as to keep both in an Equilibrium. 
1741 MippLETon Cicero(1742) I. Pref. 38 [The two Gracchi] 
had in great measure overturned that aquilibrium of power 
in the Republic, in which its peace and prosperity depended. 
1773 Observ. State Poor 80 A destruction of the equilibrium 
of population, by a defection of inhabitants from one county 
to another. 1840 MacauLay Ranke Ess. 1851 II. 144 The 
war which followed was a war for the equilibrium of Eu- 
rope. 1871 R. F, Weymoutu Z£uph, 4 Of such equilibrium 
and symmetry in antithesis every page of the Euphues 
furnishes examples. 

b. The condition of suspense or uncertainty 
produced by equality in the force of opposing 
influences; neutrality of judgement or volition. 

1685 SHare Doudbting Conscience 4 There is an end of 
the Doubt or Aquilibrium. 1754 Epwarps Freed, Will. 
i. 4 Where there is absolutely no preferring or chusing, but 
a perfect continuing Equilibrium there is no Volition. 1794 
Pacey vid. ui. vili. (1817) 372 That indifferency and sus- 
pense, that waiting and equilibrium of the judgement. 1876 
E. Wurte Life in Christ 1. vii. 74 This is the infidelity of 
persons. .who pass their lives in a state of equilibrium or 
indifference, ; 

ce. Well-balanced condition of mind or feeling. 

1608 J. Kine Serm. St. Mary’s 26 Salomon a man in the 
perfit equilibrium and stablest state of his age. 1874 Farrar 
Christ Il. 45 In this outward activity, she lost the necessary 
equilibrium of an inward calm. 1875 Hamerton J/yted/. 
Life x. ix. 384 It is best to preserve our minds in a state of 
i : : Seed 

. The Lat. iz equilibrio ‘in equilibrium’ appears 
usually with anglicized spelling (¢ge-). (The 
Latin ablative in this phrase was formerly some- 
times treated as an Eng. word; hence such ex- 
pressions as 27 perfect eguilibrio.) 

16s0 Butwer Anthropomet, 229 When the body is erect 
and in equilibrio. 1683 Pettus Feta Min, 1. (1686) 150 
Weigh it..until the Ballance standeth even in Equilibrio. 
1709 Prior Poems, Ladle 45 Is it in equilibrio, If deities 
descend or no? Then let the affirmative prevail, As requisite 
to form my tale. 1755 Gentl. Mag. XXV. 164 Being at the 
vernal equinox in an equilibrio. 1798 T. Jerrerson Wit, 
(1859) 1V. 231 The fate of Sprigg’s resolutions seems in 
perfect equilibrio. 1868 Rocrers Pol. Econ, xv. (ed. 3) 209 
These bills..may exactly balance between country and 
country. In such a case, the trade between the two coun- 
tries is said to be in equilibrio. 

A. attrib. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech, Equilibrium-valve .. having a 
pressure nearly equal on both sides. 1880 Haucuton Phys, 
Geog. iii. 92 The point of equilibrium temperature, which 
is the Fahrenheit zero. fern 

Equilibrize (zkwi'libroiz), v. [f. Equrnrprt- 
uM+-12E.] ¢rans, To bring to an equilibrium ; 
to balance, counterpoise. Hence Equilibrized 
ppl. a., well-balanced, tranquil. 

33 


EQUILIBROUS. 


1833 New Monthly Mag. XX XVII. 139 The fear of loss 
in one quarter should be nee Ae certainty of 
i Blackw, Mag. CXLVI, 742/1 The 


in in another. 1 ; 
ja 2 of savages who broke in upon her equili society. 


+Equilibrous. Ods. [f. L. xguilibris (see 
Equiuisrity) +-0us.] = EQUumLisriovus. 

1652 SparKE Prim, Devot. (7669) 434 In matters of moment 
that are zquilibrous. 1658 J. Ropinson Eudoxa viii. 46 
In some [bodies], there need but a small moment to make 
them equilibrous with the Water. 

Equilobate, -lucent, -momental: see Equ!-. 

uimultiple (7kwijmz'ltip’), a. and sd. [ad. 
mod.L, eguimultiplex, f. egui- (see Equi-) + mut- 
tiplex MULTIPLE. ; 4 

+ A. adj. That contains a number or quantity 
the same number of times that a third quantity 
contains a fourth. Ods. 

1656 Hosses Six Lessons Wks. 1845_ VII. 240 The ante- 
cedents are of their c q $.. eq iple = 

B. sé. One of a set of numbers or quantities 
which each contain some other number or quantity 
the same number of times. a * 

(1570 BituincsLey Euclid u. i. 63 Numbers that are eque- 
multiplices to one and the selfe same number.] 1660 Bar- 
row Euclid v. iv, Take I and K the equimultiples of E 
and F. 1793 T. Beppors Math. Evid. 78 Take certain 
equimultiples of the first and third. 1817 H. T. Cove- 
Brooke Algebra 162 The quotient will be an — le 
of the dividend. 1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 19 Magnitudes 
and their equimultiples have the same ratios to one another. 

+Equinal, a. Os. Also 7 equinall. [f. L. 
equin-us (see EQUINE) +-AL.] = EQUINE. 

1609 Heywoop Brit. Troy xv. xxxiii, Chalchas deuisede 
the high Equinall pile. 1635 — Hierarch. u1. 139 The 
Shape Equinall doth his speed a Be 1839 J. Tayvior 
Poems & Transl. 201 The Quirinal Feasts (the Equirinal, 
Equinal or Horse Festival) were in honour of the constel- 
lation Pegasus. ; 7 

Equine (7‘kwain), a. [ad. L. equinus, f. eguus 
horse.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling a horse. 

1778 Learning at a Loss Il. 7, 1.. made some feeble 
Efforts towards entering into an equine Conversation. 
1801 J. Barrow Trav. S. Africa I. iv. 260 It [the gnoo] 
partakes of the horse, the ox, the stag, and the antelope: 
the shoulders, body, thighs, and mane, are equine; the 
head completely bovine. 1850 L. Hunt Axfodiog. II. x. 
41 His laugh was equine. 1862 Lowett Biglow P. Ser. 1. 
55 The mule is apt to forget all but the equine side of his 
pedigree. 1879 G. Macponatp Sir Gidbdie II. xiii. 230 It 
brought a lusty equine response from the farm. 

b. In nonce-use as 56. A horse. 

1883 Harper's Mag. Nov. 904/2 The contests were. .more 
ti ely fought out than by the trotting equines, 

Equinecessary : see Equi- pref. 

Equinity (zkwirniti). rave. [f prec- +-1rv.] 
Equine nature or character. 

1829 Lanpor /mag. Conv, (1846) II. 18 He also pricked 
up his ears, and gave sundry other tokens of equinity. 

Equinoctial (ek-, skwingkfal), @. and sd. 
Forms: 4-7 equinoctiall, (4 equynoxial, 5 
equinoccialle, 6 -ccyall, 6-8 sequinoctial(1, 7, 
9 equinoxial(1, 6- equinoctial. [ad. L. eguz- 
noctialis, f. eguinoctium Equinox. Cf. Fr. équi- 
noxial.] 

A. adj. 1. Pertaining to a state of equal day 
and night. Zguinoctial dine, circle (in Milton eguz- 
noctial road), the celestial or terrestrial equator. 
Cf. B. rand 2. Eguinoctial point = EQuinox 2. 

¢ 1391 Cuaucer Asfrol. 1. § 25 Tak his nethere elonga- 
cioun lengthing fro the same equinoxial lyne. cxgrx 1st 
~~ Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 29/2 So haue we sayled ouer 
y® linie equinocciall. 1549 Compt. Scot. vi. (1872) 49 There 
is ane vthir circle of the spere, callit the circle equinoctial. 
155: Rosinson tr. More’s Utop. (Arb.) 31 For vnder the line 
amos) -.lyeth .. great, and wyde desertes. 1 tr. 

‘obbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 428 The diurnal revolution is 
from the motion of the earth, Li which the equi ial 


258 


. Di . the rains have filled 
cote ties Lintcsrone amen xh 39 And the 
equisccsd gle mated for us to cross to the 
eastern 
3. Of or to the equinoctial ate 
I, 2);=EquaToriaL. a. Pertaining to, or ride 
reference to, the equator as a circle of the celesti 
or terrestrial sphere. LZguinoctial dial: see quot. 
1751. b. Pertaining to the regions adjacent to the 
terrestrial equator. 


1 « Davis Seaman's Secr. (1607) : 
thate sso must either vse the 
Fleet descri’d Hangs in the Clouds, by AEquinoctial 
iling from Ben, 
parts i 
q parts still subsisted. 
319 The Center of the Equinoctial Semi-circle. 175x Cuam- 
BERS Cyci. s.v. Dial, Equinoctial Dial is that described on 


an equinoctial plane, or a plane ting that of the 
equinoctial. 1770 Goupsm. Des. Vill. 419. re equi- 
noctial fervours glow. 1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) 


uinoctial America. 1860 tr. 
ke Sea 2 ond. i. 13 The equinoctial ocean. 

B. sé. 1. The celestial equator: so called be- 
cause, when the sun is on it, tff@xights and days 
are of equal length in all parts of the world. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. T. 36 By nature knew he ech 
ascencioun Of equinoxial. 1, R. Tuorne in Haklu 
Voy. (1589) 252 All other lands that are vnder and neere the 
Equinoctiall. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. iii. 70 
He affirmeth that Biarmia..hath the pole forits Zenith and 
Equinoctiall for the Horizon. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. 
(1862) I. xvi. 92 At Tonquin. .there is no tide at all, when 
the moon is near the equinoctial. 1833 HerscHEe. Astron. 
i. 58 They term the equator of the heavens the equinoctial. 
1854 Mosetey Astron. ix. (ed. 4) 43 The distance of the 
star from the equinoctial .. is called the Declination of the 
star. 1869 Dunkin Midn. Sky 133 The Ecliptic is inclined 
to the equinoctial at an angle of 23° 28’. 

2. The terrestrial equator. Now rare. 

1584 Calendar St. Papers 103-4 Any parts between the 
Equinoctial and the North Pole. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. 5 Nor is this weather rare about the A©quinoctiall. 

7 Everyn Mem. (1857) I. 336 Born in the Caraccas, 1000 
miles south of the equinoctial. 1784 Burke SP. agst. W. 
Hastings Wks. XIII. 155 As if, when you have crossed the 
equinoctial, all the virtues die. 1823 Evsrace Classical 
Tour (1821) III. 130 Cities that lie between them and the 
equinoctial. 

b. transf. and fig. (humorously.) 

1601 Suaxs. Twel. NV. u. iii. 24 Passing the Equinoctial 
of Queubus. 1609 DEKKER Guill's Horne-bk. 127 If he sit 
but one degree towards the equinoctial of the saltcellar. 
1713 Bircn Guardian No. 36 Started a conceit at the equi- 
noctial, and pursued it through all the degrees of latitude. 

+3. = Equinox. Obs. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 325 From the equinoccialle 
of Ver on to the equinoccialle of herveste. 1: Compl. 
Scot. vi. (1872) 56 Quhen ther multipleis ane grit numir of 
sternis in the equinoctial of Libra .. at that tyme ther 
occurris grit tempestis. 1665 MANLey Grotius’ Low C. 
Warres 413 There are scarce fifty dayes of ours, at the 
greatest time of heat, before the latter Equinoctial. 

Jig. 1618 Donne Serm. exlv. V. 591 This day was a 
holy Equinoctial and made the day of the Jews and the day 
of the Gentiles equal. 

4. An equinoctial gale. 

1748 RicHarvson Clarissa (1811) VIII. 260 The equi- 
noctials fright me a little. 1880 Brack White Wings 11. 
70 It is ashame he should be cheated out of his thunder- 
storm. But we have the equinoctials for him, at all events. 

Equinoctially (ek-, zkwingkfali), adv. In 
7 equinoxially. [f. as prec. + -Ly2.] In the 
direction of the equinoctial or equator. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. ii. 60 Equinoxially, 
that is toward the Easterne or Westerne points. 


+ Equino'ctian. Ods. rare. In 7 wq-. [?f. as 
prec. +-AN; but cf. next.] = Equinox 1. 
_ 1627 May Lucan x. 264 Nor is [Nile] confin'd within his 


I. 209 The warmer s of 


circle is described about it. 1 1Lton P. L. x. 672 Som 
say the Sun Was bid turn Reines from th’ Equinoctial Rode. 
1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. I, 1. 305 To determine the Places 
of the Stars in respect of the Equinoctial and Solstitial 
Points. 1818 Jas, Mitt Brit. [ndia I. u. ix. 420 The origin 
of the Indian zodiac did not coincide with the equinoxial 
point. 1837 Brewster Magnet, 238 The magnetic equator 
will meet the equinoctial line only in two points. 

2. Pertaining to the period or point of the equi- 
nox. L£guinoctial colure: see CoLURE. + Zgui- 
noctial day: a normal day of 12 hours. + Zgui- 
noctial hour: an hour of normal length. Zgui- 
noctial month: a month which includes one of 
the equinoxes. + Zguinoctial spring: the vernal 
equinox. 

1570-87 Hotinsuep Scot. Chron. (1806) II. 58 After the 

uinoctiall spring. 1594 Biunpevit Z-xerc. 11. (ed. ? 116, 
Six houres, which is the one halfe of an Equinoctiall day. 
1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. v. 104 The excesse of the 
— and og, day aboue the equinoctiall day. 1646 

ir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. vii. 309 Marcus Varro .. ex- 

poseth his farme unto the equinoxiall ascent of the Sunne. 

1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 77 The two Jewish months just 
d, were equi 1 

b. Happening at or near to the time of the 
equinox ; said esp. of the ‘gales’ prevailing about 
the time of the autumnal equinox. f 

1792 Anecd, W, Pitt III. xliii. 151 At last will come your 

uinoctial boar intment. 1795 Lp. LynpHurst Let. in 
Sir T. Martin ¢ 38 Many vessels have lost their anchors 
in this, I may call it, equinoctial gale, 18211 WELLINGTON in 


ag Till the Autumnal zquinoctian, 

+Equino'ction. 0+s. In 5 equinoccion. [a. 
OF. eguinoction, as if ad. L. *eguinoction-em = 
exquinoctium.] = EQUINOX I. 

1483 Cath. Angi. 116 Equinoccion, eguinoctium, eguidium, 

+ Equino'ctional, a. [as if f. L. *wguinoc- 
tidn-em (see prec.) + -AL.]=EquinoctiaL. Hence 
Equino‘ctionally adv., in the direction of the 
———— 

in T. Browne Hydriot. & Gard. Cyrus 61 The 

eee als Iquecationctty tent or loss Cand thee 
right, according to the dayly revolution, 

|| Equinoctium. Os. rare. Pl. equinoctia, 
-ums. Also 5 equenoxium, 6-7 squinoctium. 
[L. xguinoctium, f. xguus equal + nox, noctis 
night.}] Equinox; (the original form in which the 
word was adopted). 

¢c Maunpkv. xvii. (1839) 183 [At Jerusalem] ..a spere 
that is pight in to the erthe, the hour of mydday whan 
it is Equenoxium .. scheweth no schadwe. 1563 SHUTE 
Archit. Biijb, He should directly know. .that, whiche they 
call Equinoctium, and Solsticium, 1607-12 Bacon Ess, 
Sedit. & Troub. (Arb.) 390 Natural Tempestes are greatest 
about e@quinoctia. @ Fee Fretcner Nice Valour 1. i, 
Give me a man .. Hasa stroke at tennis .. Can play 
at wquinoctium with the line. 1688 R. Home Armoury 
ut, 16 Colure of the Equinocti or equi 
Equinox (7‘k-, e-kwingks). Also 6-7 equi- 
noxe, 6 equinoxe, 7-8 mquinox. [ad. (di- 
rectly or through OF. eguinoxe) L. eguinoctium 


EQUIP. 
(in the Middle Ages spelt 


inoxium) i 
between day and night, f. ton Mee 
tet Ne on ori | 

shi in tho qntee lequbivetiol peice be gun's shane meaiae 
source of the word as now used, seems to occur in the quot. 


from 2) 

1. One of the two periods in the year when the 
days and nights are equal in length all over the 
earth, owing to the sun’s crossing the equator. 
Hence, the precise moment at which the sun 
crosses the equator. : 


The vernal or inox is at 
and the eee 
the ‘ion of the calendar 


on the 20 March, 


tyme 
» M1. 149 It 
to the Autumnal 


in the Year 1582. 1789 T. 


poetic vein aot flowed ror; rears to ~s vernal 
5 ‘ennyson Will Waterproof xxx, Li x 
nor feel in head or chest Our changeful equinoxes. ‘one. 
Mrs. Somervitte Connex. Phys. Sc. xiii. 105 At the time 
of the “ig i — sun's — - ——- com 
attrib. IGHTFOOT an, Ex. 20 on 
from the am So day. 
b. The condition of having the days and nights 
of equal length. Also fig. 
é Suaks. Oth, u. iii, 129 [His vice is] to his vertue, a 
iust Equinox, The one as long as th’ other. 1696 Wuiston 
Th. Earth 1. (1722) 58 There must be a perpetual aepowss 
or equality of Day and Night, through the whole Planet. 
1698 Kent Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 229 Then the Earth 
had a perpetual Equinox and unity of Seasons. 

2. One of the two points at which the sun’s path 
crosses the Equator, described technically as the 
first points in Aries and Libra. ——s also 
used loosely for the region of the ecliptic adjacent 
to these points. Precession of the equinoxes (see 
PRECESSION). ’ 

¢ 1391 Cuaucer Asfrol. 1. § 17 And ther-fore ben thise two 
signes [Aries & Libra] called the equinoxiis {ed. 1560 equi- 
noctes]. 1 Biunpevit Exerc. 149a, The beginning of 
Aries, which 1s called the vernal Equinoxe. N. 
PENTER Geog. Del.1. v. 105 If..in any oblique Horizon, 
there should bee an equinoxe, it could no wise bee in the 
middle time betwixt the two Solstices. 1726 tr. ‘s 
Astron. 1. 418 The true and imaginary Sun will be eq 
distant from both Equinoxes. 

+3. = Equinoctial line or Equator. Obs. 

1579 Fenton. Guicciard. vi. (1599) 252 The Iles of Cape 
Verde .. are distant fourtee: aren from Equinox. 
1697 Damrrer Voy. (1698) I. iv. go To the North of the 
Equinox..in these Seas, I never saw any —_ ——_ 
Earsery tr. Burnet'’s St. Dead Il. 45 The true ility 
that brings Corn to a Masculine Perfection is in Countries 
far from the Equinox. 

+4. An equinoctial gale. Ods. rare. 

1687 Drypen Hind § P. 1. 504 The wind, ’tis true, Was 
somewhat high, but that was nothing new, Nor more than 


usual equinoxes blew. 

Equinumerally, -numerant, -omnipo- 
tent: see Equi- pref. 

Equip (/kwip), v. Also 6 eskippe, esquippe, 
7 equippe, (8 acquip), 8 aphet. ’quip. [a. Fr. 
équipe-r, €. -r (whence Sp., Pg. esguipar), 
prob. ad. . skifa to man (a vessel), fit up, 
es prob, f. skzp = Suir. 

The Fr. word in the sense ‘to equip’ is app. not recorded 
before 16th c. ; but it must have existed much earlier, at 
least in AFr. and Norman Fr. ; cf. AF. 

schipare 


eskipeson 
(r4th c.) and med.L. ¢: to man a vessel (M. Paris 
13th c.). Toe OF. econit, peckides “tn goa wein en Toned 
a ship’, ‘to put out to sea’, is . a different word, but 
must ultimately be f, ON. or OS. ship ship.] 

1. trans. To fit out (a ship). 

1580 Baret Aly, E Esquippe, or furnishe ships with 
all ablements. 1583 oe vonpe — yee) 36 Ile ye 
man, esquippi' ‘oure ships wii ture ye. 1698-9 
Loncow Mea. 17535 (R.) The States General gave orders 
for equipping a considerable fleet. 1748 Anson's Voy. u. x. 

6 Equipping the shi for these two different voyages. 
1837 Turrtwat Greece IV. xxxi, 184 Antiphon. .had equipt 
two galleys at his own 


expense. 
2. In wider sense: ‘ To furnish for service’ (T.); 


Hence fig. to furnish with physical or mental 
beeps joes necessary for any task. Const. with, 
lso of things: To constitute the equipment of. 
iareelie nad plantitclye farce eckiorel tard somal 
r605 Verstecan Dec. /ntell. (1634) 205 A Courtier 


toa 
han, Td us 


so i Rocers Ess. I. 
iii. 107 How values .. are the powers thick must equip the 


EQUIPACE. 


truly great orator. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 60 
Every man was ready equipped at all times with the arms 
which corresponded to his rank. 1872 Yeats Growth 
Comm. 151 Biérké, one of the island cities, could equip 
an army of fourteen thousand burghers. 1879 M. ArnoLp 
Democracy Mixed Ess. 3 My aim is.. not to set on foot 
and fully equip a new theory. 1881 Chicago Times 16 Apr., 
These lines [of railway] are all equipped in the best possible 


manner. 1885 Manch. Exam. 16 Mar. 5/2 A power of ana- 
lysis equal to that which would equip a mathematician. 
b. To supply with the pecuniary resources need- 


ful for any undertaking. Formerly also in slang 
or jocular use, to present w7¢h a sum of money. 
c1690 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, The Cull equipt me with 
a brace of Meggs. 1762 Gotpsm. Nash 18 His companions 
agreed to equip him with fifty guineas. 1829 Lyrron Dis- 
owned 69 We must equip you by a mortgage on Scarsdale. 

3. a. To array, dress up, rig out. Also with 
the thing worn as subj. b. With some notion 
of 2 (chiefly vef.): To dress, accoutre, fit out 
(for a journey). 

‘&. 1695 Brackmore Pr. Arth. 1x. 304 A Cap of Crimson did 
his Head equip. 1711 Appison Spect. No. 129 P2 Equipped 
in a ridiculous Habit, when they fancy themselves in the 
ey of the Mode. 1741 RicHARDson Pamela I. 49, I 
had better get myself at once ’quipt in the Dress that will 
become my Condition. 1815 Scorr Guy M. iv, Equipt in 
a habit which mingled the national dress of..the Scottish 
common people with something of an Eastern costumes 
1836 W. Irvine Astoria III. 239 Chinook warriors, all 
painted and equipped in warlike style. 

ig. 1728 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 210 Buchanan equipt 
them [epistles] with a French dress. 

b. 1762-71 H. Wacpore Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) 
V. 72 It is Dr. Donne, equipped for the expedition to 
Cales. 1841 Lane Arad. Nis. I. 4 He equipped himself 
for the journey. 1879 Jenxinson Guide to Lakes 236 The 
tourist will do well to equip himself with good strong boots. 

+Evquipace. 02s. [f. Equi-+Pacz.] Equal 
step; regular marching order. Jn eguzface, in 
equal step. Cf. EQuipacE 14. 

1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-troth 120 They strive to keep in 
equipace. 1619 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 456 Matrlinius, 
who goes in zquipace with Gomorus in Pearning, etc. 
Ibid. 59. 1627 Drayton Miseries Q. Margaret xix, Twelve 
barons in their equipace, and twenty bishops. 

Equipage (ekwipéd3), sd. Also 7 squipage, 
equippage, 8 ecquipage. [a. F. éguzpage, f. 
équiper: see prec. and -aGE. (The Sp. eguzpaje, 
It. eguipaggio, are ad. Fr.)] 

I. The action or process of equipping ; the state 
or condition of being equipped. 

+1. The action or process of fitting out (a ship), 
of providing (a soldier) with accoutrements, etc. 

1 Cuapman /diad 1. 65 And ruled the equipage Of th’ 
Argive fleet to Ilion. 1654 tr. Scudery’s Curia Politiz 69 
After the compleate Equipage of this mighty royall Navy. 
1656 Biount Glossogr., Equipage, a dighting or setting 
forth of a man, horse, or ship-furniture. 1684 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 1926/t Count Vecchi hastens the Equipage of the 
Galleys and other small Vessels. : 

+2. The state or condition of being equipped ; 
equipment. Ods. 

¢1600 SHAKS. Sonn, xxxii, To march in ranckes of better 

uipage. cx64s Hower. Left. II. Ixiii, It cost Sir 

alter Rawleigh much more to put himself in equipage 
for that is intended voyage. 1649 Mitton Ezkon. Pref. 
(1851) 331 The force and equipage of whose Armes they have 
so oft’n met victoriously. 1652 NeEpHam tr. Se/den’s Mare 
Cl. 209 A Fleet which attended in gallant Equipage to 
back his Forces. 1658 CLeveranp Rustick Ramp. Wks. 
(1687) 420 Their Equipage and Order were not comely. 

II. All that is needed for military operations, 
travelling, a domestic establishment, etc. 

3. Apparatus of war, artillery, stores, and means 
of transport; tackle of a ship. Camp equipage: 
tents and furniture required for encampment. 
Field equipage: whatever is required to facilitate 
the movements of an army. Stvege eguipage: the 
train of battering guns, with ammunition, etc. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. 1. (1599) 28 By reason of which 
great equipage ..the army departed out of Naples, with 
great hope of the victory. c1652 Mitton Sonn. xvii, To 
advise how war may .. Move... In all her equipage. 1683 
Brit. Spec. 98 Having with this Equipage crossed the 
Channel, he directly joyned Plautius. 1790 Beatson Wav. 
& Mil. Mem. 1. 30 With the guns, sails, rigging, and 
other equipage. 1810 Syp. SMITH Wks, (1859) I. 192/1 To 
provide himself with camp equipage. 1849-50 ALISON 
Hist. Europe Il. xiii. 40 The superb siege equipage .. 
was sent on to Valenciennes. 1 Sir H. Dovuctas Mil. 
Bridges (ed. 3) 139 An equipage of 20 boats was also col- 
lected. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., Camp equipage 
consists of tents, furniture, cooking utensils, etc. 

+4. Military garb, uniform, accoutrements, trap- 
pings. Obs. 2 : 

1633 Suirtey Yung. Admiral mu. i, Put thy body in equip- 
age, and beg of the princess to be one of these brave fellows. 
1647 CLARENDON Hist. Reb, vi. (1843) 320/r, All the trained 


bands of London [were] led out in their brightest equipage 
upon the heath next Brentford. 1672 Marve. Reh. Transp. 
1. 269 There a Don Quixot in an equipage of differing pieces. 


1818 Scorr Leg. Montr. ii, The equipage of a well-armed 
trooper of the period. d 
+b. Apparel, attire, costume, dress, ‘ get up’. 
¢1645 Howett Left, (1655) I. 265 He never saw .. Gentle- 
men..in a neater equipage. 1 F. Hawkins Youth's 


~ solid gold. 


259 


Elta Ser. 1. xviii. (1865) 140 He never dressed for a dinner 
party but he forgot his sword .. or some other necessary 
part of his equipage. 

Jig. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxvi. 100 They 
which came to fetch water, seeing us set there in so sad an 
equipage, returned. 1662 StiiincFL. Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. 
§ 5 Published them in the equipage they are in. 1665 J: 
Matt Ofer of F. Help 111 You see the compleat Chris- 
tian in his e uipage for sufferings. 1732 Pore Ess. Man 
u. 44 Strip off all her equipage of pride. 

5. Outfit for a journey, expedition, etc. 

1616 Butoxar, Equipage, furniture or provision for horse- 
manship, especially in triumph, or tournaments. 1647 
Crarenvon //ist. Keb. 1. (1843) 6/1 Such an equipage .. as 
might be fit for the Prince of Wales. 1727 Swirt Gulliver 
u. viii. 173 The Queen had ordered a little equipage of all 
things necessary for me. 1820 Scorrt Monast. xxii, A small 
scrip and bottle .. with a stout staff in his hand, completed 
his equipage. 1858 Hawruorne J”. & Jt. Frrls. (1872) I. 
34 A few carpet-bags and shawls, our equipage for the night. 

6. Small articles of domestic furniture, esf. china, 
glass, and earthenware. Breakfast-, tea-equipage : 
a breakfast-, tea-service. arch. 

1672 Crowne City Politics 1.i, That Rogue! my patch 
upon my nose, my pillow and sick equipage, quickly. 1709 
STEELE Tatler No, 86 P 3, I had no sooner set Chairs..and 
fixed my Set acer but, etc. 1724, Lond. Gaz. No. 6297/2 
A Toilet Equipage of Plate for his Lady. 1756 NuGenr Gn 
Tour, Germany V1. 195 A tea-table, and all its equipage of 
1776 ApaM Situ WW. N. 1.1. xi. 174 Household 
furniture, and what is called Equipage. 1825 Mrs. SHER- 
woop Lady of Manor I. (ed. 2) v. 149 The tea-equipage which 
they were then using .. was convenient and genteel. 1833 
De Quincey Wks. XIV. 297 The whole breakfast equipage 
..set out .. for no greater personage than myself. 1888 
Durham Univ. Frnl. 24 Mar. 36 The ‘tea equipages’ 
might be cleared away during the dinner hour. 

7. Articles for personal ornament or use ; a col- 
lection of such articles. 

1716 Lavy M. W. Montacur Basset-Tadle 29 Behold 
this Equipage, by Mathers wrought. 1741 RicHARDSON 
Pamela \1. 349 My Lady’s .. fine Repeating-Watch and 
Equipage. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xv, Without the 
aid of dressing case and tiring equipage. 1846 Mrs. Suer- 
woop Fairchild Family u. 17 An equipage was a little 
case which held a thimble, scissors, a pencil, and other 
such little matters, and.. hung to the girdle to balance 
the great watches worn by the grandmothers and great 
grandmothers of people now living. 

+ 8. Apparatus in general. Z¢, and fig. Ods. 

1648 H.G. tr. Balzac’s Prince 118 That long equipage 
of Debauchery, which the Voluptuous leade after them. 
1677 GaLe Crt. Gentiles II. 1. 180 The Papists have 
transferred to their Saints al the equipage of the Pagan 
Gods. 1707 Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 249 All the Equipage 
of Substantial Forms and of Qualities. 1734 tr. Rodlin's 
Anc. Hist. (1827) 11. 353 By all the appurtenances and 
equipage of a voluptuous and effeminate life. 

b. (See quot.) 

1825 J. NicHoLtson Oferat. Mechanic 146 The weight of 
the upper mill-stone .. joined to the weight of the spindle. . 
and the trundle. .(the sum of which three numbers Is called 
the equipage of the turning mill-stone), should never be less 
than 1550 pounds avoirdupois. 

III. The appurtenances of rank, office, or social 
position. 

+9. Formal state or order; ceremonious dis- 
play; the ‘style’ of a domestic establishment, etc. 

1612 Hrywoop Aol. Actors Author to Bk. 3 The earth 
a stage, Kings have their entrance in due equipage. 1633 
FietcHer Purple Isl. 1. xii, Marching in Tragic State, and 
buskin’d equipage. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 167 They per- 
ceived in what equipage, and with what honour they were 
sent home. @1714 Burner Own Time (1766) I. 239 She 
made an equipage far above what she could support. 1756 
Nucent Gr. Tour, Netheri. 1. 273 Here are also sharpers 
.. with greater equipage than the sharpers in England. 

+10. What is required to maintain an official 
establishment. Also attrzb., as in eguipage-money. 

1668 Temp.e Let. Sir ¥. Temple Wks. 1731 I. 122 They 
.. brought down the Equipage Money of Ambassadors from 
three thousand Pounds .. to 1500 Pounds. 1679-88 Secr. 
Serv. Money Chas. $ Yas. (Camden Soc.) 149 To St John 
Trevor, Speaker of the House of Com’ons, bounty, for his 
equipage. 1769 Funius Lett. xxiii, 110 note, He received 
three thousand pounds for plate and equipage money. 

+11. Train of retainers or attendants, retinue, 
following. Ods. 

1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. Oct. 114 Teache her [the Muse] 
tread aloft in buskin fine, With queint Bellona in her equip- 
age! 1600 Farrrax Tasso 1x. xliv, With you take some 
part Of these braue Soldiers of mine equipage. 1641 EvELYN 
Mem. (1857) I. 16 On the 27th April, came over. .the young 
Prince of Orange, witha splendid Equipage. a 1661 FULLER 
Worthies, Cambridgesh. 1. 150 Dido had a piece of State in 
her Court peculiar to her self..an Equipage indeed ..a 
hundred servants in ordinary attendance all of the same 
age. 1731 Swirt Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 648 How many days 
will you maintain me [Swift] and my equipage ? 

transf. and fig. 1599 T. M[ouret] Sz/kwormes 34 Their 
seuerall parts and feates thereon to play Amidst the rest of 
natures equipage. 1712 STeeLe Sfect. No. 472 P 4 Distinct 
Suns, and their peculiar Equipages of iaiets, 1806 
Worpsw. Ode on Intim. Immortal. 106 The Persons. .That 
Life brings with her in her equipage. 

12. A carriage and horses, with the attendant 
servants; in later use sometimes applied to a 
carriage alone. 

1721-1800 Batey, Egui~age .. is frequently used for a 
Coach and Number of Footmen. a 1762 Lapy M. W. Mon- 
tacur Lett. Ixxvii. 126 All the fine equipages that shine in 
the ring. (1765 in Ld. Malmesbury's Priv. Lett. I. 158 As 


Behav. (1663) 62 Commanding the common Hangman to do 
his office in that Equipage [yellow starch’d ds and 
Cuffs]. 1794 Gopwin Cal. Williams 255 It is y 
to describe the particulars of my new equipage. 1823 Lams 


for an equipage, I should do well. .[if Mr. Walpole has not 
sold his] to buy it; otherwise to make an English chariot 


EQUIPARATION. 


here. 1787 ‘G. Gampapo’ Acad. Horsent. (1809) 44 A 
waggon or any tremendous equipage. 1811 L. Hawkins 
Ctess & Gertr. 1.78 Her equipage was a travelling post- 
chaise with one pair of horses. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 
I. 377, The frequent mention of such equipages [a coach 
and six] in old books is likely to mislead us. 1860 Haw- 
THORNE Maro. Faun xii, Here .. roll and rumble all kinds 
of equipages. 

IV. +18. Transl. of Fr. éguifage, the crew of 
a ship. Ods. rare. 

1728 Morcan Algiers II. ii. 221 When got to Sea, he 
opened his Mind to the Chiefs of his Equipage. /é/d. II. 
iv. 261 Her Equipage might have been all saved had they 
held out till the storm abated. 175x CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v., 
Equipage, in navigation. See Crew. 

+V. 14. In the phrase Zo go (march, walk) 
in eguipage, the original sense was prob. ‘to walk 
in military array w7th’ (cf. 2); but in our ex- 
amples (all fig.) the sense is ‘to keep step wth’, 
so that the sb. becomes synonymous with Equ1- 
pace. Hence the word eguzfage was in 17th c. 
often supposed to be formed with the prefix egzz-, 
and in many passages it occurs in the sense : 
Equality of position, rank, or gmportance. 

[1589 Nasue in Greene’s Menaphon (Arb.) 14 Whose Am- 
intas, and translated Antigone may march in equipage of 
honour, with any of our ancient Poets. 1600 (see 2).] 1607 
Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1.1. 37 As the Papists are in 
equipage with former Pagans so fear with all moderne 
aliens. 1613-6 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. ii, His worke, 
not seeming fit To walke in equipage with better wit. 1631 
R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature Ep. Ded. 4 That your 
vertue and goodnes might march in zquipage with your 
State and Authority. 1635 Swan Sfec. MW. vii. § 3 (1643) 
322 According to..the best Authours, and nearest equipage 
to truth, the starres are called lights. 1655 SANDERSON 
Serm. 11. Pref. 7 Nor doth it sound well, that the examples 
of men .. should .. stand in so near equipage with the 
commands of God. 

+ E-quipage, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To furnish with an equipage, accoutre- 
ments, or outfit; to array; to furnish. 

1590 SPENSER F. Q. 1. ix. 17 A goodly traine Of Squires 
and Ladies equipaged well. 1623 Woprorrne /”. & Eng. 
Gram, 214 Wee shal all be mounted, equipaged, and in 
better order to morrow. 16sx tr. Dox Fenise 276 Leon was 
equipaged in such manner, that he might be well taken for 
a thiefe. a@xgrx Ken Sion Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 328 Of 
sacred Hymn I strait made choice, With Organ equipaged, 
and Voice. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 98 Well dress’d, well 
bred, well equipaged, is ticket good enough. 

2. a. trans. To rank. b. intr. To stand in 
rank; to take rank. Cf. EQuIPAGE sd. 14. 

1624 Heywoop Gunatk. u. 109 They all equipage together 
as being by the Poets never separate. /did. vit. 396 This 
incomparable Ladie I know not where to equipage, or in 
what ranke to place. 

Hence E-quipaged ///. a., in senses of the vb. 

1598 FLorio Ep. Ded., The Vniuers containes all things, 
digested in best equipaged order. 1775 Asn, Eguipaged, 
accoutred, attended, having a splendid retinue. 1847 in 
Craic. 

+Equiparable, a. Ols. Also 7 equiparable. 
[a. Fr. égudparable, ad. L. eguiparabilis, f. xgut- 
parare to put on an equality, compare, liken, f. 
aguipar perfectly alike or equal, f. agzus equal 
+ par.) Equal in comparison, equivalent. 

61x SpeeD Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xiii. § 116 The childe or 
insipient (which are with him ezquiparable) drinketh the 
sweet and delicious words vnaduisedly. 1695 WEesTMACOTT 
Script. Herb. 152 The want of a competent heat, that is 
lasting and equiparable to the heat of the climate. 1721-66 
in BarLey; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Equi‘parance. Ods. vare. In 7 equipa- 
rance. [ad. late L. wgudparantia comparison, f. 
wquiparant-em : see next.) Equivalence. 

1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 520 There is proportion of 
Equalitie, or equiparance. 

+ Equi‘parant, 2. Ods. [ad. L. eguiparant. 
em, pr. pple. of xgudpardre: see EQUIPARABLE.] 
Equivalent, of equal value or importance. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed v. xlii. Wks. IV. 357 Her title of 
Lady is equiparant to His title as Lord. 

t as pesos a. Obs. [ad. L. wguiparat-us, 
pa. pple. of xguipardre: see EQUIPARABLE.] Of 
equal weight or importance; equivalent. Const. Zo, 

1654 L’EsTRANGE Chas, I (1655) 63 Princes desires are 
equiparate to commands. /é/d. 113 [Certain reprisals were] 
some satisfaction .. but, though almost two for one, not 
equiparate to the merit of that nations cruelty. 

+ Equi‘parate, 2. Obs. In 7 squiparate, 
equiparat. [f. L. aguiparat- ppl. stem of xguz- 
parare: see EQUIPARABLE.] ¢vans. a. To reduce 
to a level; to level. b. To regard or treat as on 
the same level. : 

1632 Vicars 4éxeid xii, King Latines throne this day 
T’le ruinate And houses tops to th’ ground zquiparate, eb 
True Nonconf. 163 Then you may equiparat them in t 
point of abuse. : 

Equiparation (¢kwi:paréi-fon). [ad. L. xgez- 
paration-em equalizing, comparison, f. egueparare : 
see EQUIPARABLE.] a. The action of placing on 
an equality, or on an equal footing. +b. The 
action of comparing ; concr. a parallel. : 

1615 A, Starrorp Heav. Dogge 32 Yet thy felicity admits 
no equiparation, nay, hardlya comparison. 1623 CocKERAM, 
Equiparation, a comparison made with ee 1657 

-3 


a, 


EQUIPARE. 


Reeve God's Plea 112, I would willingly .. not only set 
forth a representation, but find an equiparation, ‘1886 
Muirueap in Excycé. Brit. XX. 714 The equiparation of 
legacies and singular trust-gifts. 

E'quipare, v. Ods. rare. [a. Fr. eguipare-r, 
ad. L. eguiparare: see EQUIPARABLE.] Only in 
pa. pple. used as adj. = EquiparaTE; equivalent, 
* just like’. 

Caxton Eneydos xxii. 84 The first lettres came out 
of fenyce equ to purpre coloure. /éid., The grete 
trybulacion lysse is equ to that of horrestes. 

uipedal (zkwip7‘dal), a. [f. L. eguiped-us 
(see next) + -AL; cf. Pepat.] Having equal feet. 
a. Said of the two equal sides of an isosceles tri- 
angle. b. Zool. Having the pairs of feet equal. 

In mod. Dicts, 

Equi (zkwip7d), a. and sb. Zool. [ad. L. 
wquiped-us or wxguipés, -pedis, f. xquus ual + 
_ oot.] A. adj. Having legs of equal length. 

. 56. See quot. , ; 

1835 Kirpy ad. § Inst. Anim. II. xvi.67 The Zquipedes, 
so called because all their legs, except the last pair, are 
nearly equal in length .. The equipede Chilo 


+Equipendence. 0O¢s. [f. Equi- + Pzn- 
ison) The state of hanging in eS ilibrium. 

1627 JACKSON Creed v1. i. vii. Wks. 1673 II. 39 Let Mathe- 
maticians imagine what rules or reasons of equipendence 


they list. 
+ Equipendency. Oés. [f. next: see -ENCY.] 
The state or condition of hanging in equipoise. 


In quot. fig. 

1662 Soutu Serm. Gen. i. 27 (1715) IV. 59 The Will of 
Man in the State of Innocence, had an entire Freedom, 
a perfect Equipendency and Indifference to either Part of 
the Contradiction. .to accept, or not accept the Temptation. 
1775 in As. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

+Equipendent, a. Obs. [f. Equi- + PENDENT.] 
Hanging in equipoise ; evenly balanced. 

a1640 Jackson Creed x1, xxvi. Wks. 1673 III. 550 If the 
Scales be even or equipendent. 1681 Manton Serm. Ps. 
cxix. 105 Wks. 1872 VIII. 74 If the balance be not equi- 
pendent, wrong may be done. [In mod Dicts.] 

Equipensate, -periodic: see Equi- pref. 

Equipment (‘kwi‘pmént). [f Equie v. + 
-MENT. Cf. Fr. éguipement.] 

1. a. The action or process of equipping or fitting 
out. b. The state or condition of being equipped ; 
the manner in which a person or thing is equipped. 
Also fig. 

a. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. i. 5 The equipment of the squad- 
ron was still prosecuted with as much vigour as ever. 1809 
Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 33/1 Lord Liverpool also de- 
fended the equipment of the expedition to Portugal. 1875 
Wuirtney Life Lang. ii. 19 Mental training .. as well as 
mental equipment. 1886 Pall Mall G. 14 Dec. 9/1 For the 
endowment and equipment of a Chair of Anatomy. 

b. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 123 Its equipment might 
suit the purposes of a Store-Vessel for our building service. 
1841 Evpuinstone //ist¢, Ind. II. x. iii. 423 An army which 
seemed irresistible from its numbers and equipment. 1856 
Emerson Eng. Traits, Ability Wks. (Bohn) Il. 38 The 
admirable equipment of their Arctic ships carries London 
to the pole. 1863 Burton Bk. Hunter 261 The institution 
did not spring in full maturity and equipment, like Pallas 
from the brain of Jove. 

2. concr, Anything used in equipping; furniture ; 
outfit ; warlike apparatus; necessaries for an ex- 
pedition or voyage. Used in the A/. to indicate 
the articles severally, in the s¢mg. collectively. 

1717 L. Hower Desiderius (ed. 3) 14 See my Crook, my 
Scrip, Box and other Parts of my equipment. 1793 SMEATON 
Edystone L. § 275 To forward our equipments for rendering 
the house habitable. 1801 Srrutr E aphad § Past. 1. i. 46 
The Lay mare of the female archers. 1813 WEL- 
LINGTON in Gurw. Disp, X. 479 When you shall be in pos- 
session of your equipment of ordnance, etc. 1870 Howson 
Metaph, Paul i. 16 The helmet is .. the brightest .. part of 
the soldier’s equipment. 1873 Act 36 § 37 Vict. c. 88 Sched. 
1, Equipments which are prim4 facie evidence of a Vessel 
being engaged in the Slave Trade. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. 
Educ. I11. 264, I include under the general term equipment 
all that must be actually present with the fighting portion 
of an army at any one moment. 

b. fig. Intellectual ‘ outfit ’. 

1841 Myers Cath. Th. m. xliii. 165 A valuable portion of 
3 erat [of the geo eg nampenie 1873 = a 

it. & Do, 2 y less grotesque object in his 

gone 3t ee 4) 


intellectu: — ment for his task than in his outward 
attire. 1885 M. Pattison Mem. 306 Our naive assumption 
that classical learning was a plete equip fora great 
university. 


Equipoise (7‘kwipoiz), sd. Also 7 equipoiz, 
8 equipoise. [f. Equi-+ PoIsE sé., replacing the 
phrase egual porse.] 

z co eae or equal distribution of weight; a 
condition of perfect balance or equilibrium. 

a. in material things. 

{x635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. iv. 74 The least weight 
whatsoever added or subtracted would turne it from its 
Equall-poyze.] 1665 GLanvitt Scefs. Sci. xiv. 82 And even 
in the temperate Zone of our life, there are few bodies at 
such an aquipoiz of humours. 1713 Dernam Phys. Theol. 
14 note, An aquipoise of the Atmosphere produceth a Calm, 
1787 ‘G. Gampapo’ Acad, Horsem. 39 In your eagerness 
to mount, you may, by over-exerting yourself, lose your 
equipoise. 1822 Imison Sc. & Art (ed. Webster) I. 34 If 
the arms of a balance be unequal, the weights in equipoise 
will be oe in the same propertion. 1839 Marryat ?. 
Simple xx, O'Brien .. kept his left arm raised in equipoise. 


260 
1857 H. bps ca ep —— 257 The beam of the 
wi 


its eq! 
b. in immaterial things ; es. intellectual, moral, 
political, or social forces or interests. 
. Ropinson Stone to the Altar 83 If between the 


alge y apg aks 
i ORRIS Misc. (1699) 117 So great 
weascn tony the foundation of ile (Des Canes] Philosspiy 
in an Stents of abel. 1759 Jounson Idler No. 83 P 4 
Sim Scruple. .lives in a continual equipoise of doubt. ‘1822 
De Quincey Confess. (1862) 197 Optum on the contrary 
i ity q to all the faculties. 
1858 Loner. Birds of Passage, Haunted Houses, Our little 
lives are kept in equip 7” pposi ions and 
i 1885 Stevenson in Contemp. Rev. Apr. 550 Be- 
tween the implication and the evolution of the sentence 
there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound. . 

2. A counterpoise; a balancing or equivalent 
force. Chiefly fig. 

1780 Sir J. Reynotps Disc. x. (3876) 6 One side making 
almost an exact equipoise to the other. 1847 De Quincey 
Sp. Mil. Nun § 20 (1853) 65 Some sort of equipoise to the 
— Cis) iA oe would bring. a a Buck.e 

iviliz, (1869, . i. 43 The equipoise to ergy [Z.e. 
the —_ ] being Baths g the Church became so 
Po ry - = : . 

Equipoise (7‘kwipoiz), v. Also 7 equipoyse, 
sequipoise. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To serve as an equipoise to; to counter- 
balance. 

1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 105 A Cylinder of that weight 
does just zquipoise the Elastic power of the Ayr without. 
1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sc. 264, I see eo ee equi- 
poize each other. 1816 Soutney in Q. Rev. X I 228 An 
opposition, which, till then, had nearly equipoised the weight 
of the ministry. 1856 Lanpor A nt. § Octav. v. 39 No Praise 
Can equipoise his virtues, 1868 R. Bucnanan 7rag. Dra- 
mas Hist., Wallace 1. vi, On yonder bier Lies one whose 
worth to equipoise thy master. . Were gossamer to gold. 

2. To place or hold in equipoise; to hold (the 
mind) in suspense. 

1764 Lioyp Poems, Actor, A whole minute equipois’d 
he stands. 1804 Med. ¥rn/. XII. 343 Regulating, and 
equipoising the various functions of the animal economy. 
1823 D’Israrui Cur. Lit, (1858) III. 355 He had to equi- 
poise the opposite interests of the Catholics and the Evan- 
gelists. 1887 J. W. Granam Negra u1. xxiv. 361 Suspicion 
and dissimulation equipoised the Imperial mind [Tiberius]. 

+3. intr. To balance with. Obs. rare}. 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 85 Where upper things 
will not With nether equipoyse. 

Hence E-quipoised f//. a., E-quipoising vi/. sd. 

a 1685 Let. to Dk. York in - Coll. Papers Pres. Affairs 
(1688) 38, I am a dutiful and hearty Lover of Monarchy .. 
when establish’d on such an Equi-pois'd Basis of Wisdom as 
ours is. 1832 Cartyte Yas. Carlyle 45 Mallets and irons 
hung in two equipoised masses over the shoulder. 1854 
Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 6 The beam of an equi- 
poised balance, c¢1790 Imtson Sch. Art I. 166 By its [the 
air’s pressure] .. equipoising .. 29 and a half inches of 
mercury, | | 

+ Equipoisure. Ods. rare—'. [f. prec. + 
-URE.] A state of being evenly balanced. 

1683 Petrus Fieta Min. 11. 10 By standing in an Equi- 
poisure or not, it [the tongue of this Ballance) doth .. tell 
you the difference or certainty of the Weights. 

+ E-quipolle, a. Ods. rare—'. [a. OF. eguipol, 
shortened form of eguzpollent; see EQUIPOLLENT.] 
= EQUIPOLLENT ; equivalent. 

c1430 Pilger. lof Manhode 1. cxxi. (1869) 64 The whiche 
seyinge in singuler may wel be seid equipolle to a plurelle. 

Equipollence (7kwi,pg'léns). Also 5 equi- 
polence, 8-9 equipollence. [a. OF. eguzpolence, 
mod.Fr. égutpollence, ad. L, xguipollentia, f. egui- 
Pollent-em EQUIPOLLENT.] The quality of being 
x eee 

. Equality of force, power, or signification. 

¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode w, xix. (1869) 199, I shal fynde 
in bs place countrepeis and lenrek ec of be hegge of 
penitence. ie poe SKELTON Poems 173 That in his equi- 
pollence He judgeth him equivalent With God Omnipotent. 
1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God 242 Our Commentators 
— to — a lar, ge ome oO merce 4 in * 
place. 1647 Power of the Keys iii. 3 e equipollence 
the Sot teowaee and Episcopus take poh omy @ 1691 
Boye Wks. III. 612 These p do much depend 
bs a mechanical zequipollence of pressure. 1867 EMERSON 

rogr. Culture Wks. (Bohn) III. 228 There is also an 
equipollence of individual genius to the nation which it 


resents, 
. Logic. An —— between two or more 
propositions, Cf. EQUIPOLLENT 3 c. 
¢1400 Rom. Rose 7078 Late hym study in equipolences. 
r Foxe A. § JZ. (1596) 1008/1 So that non omnis, 
¢ rule of equipollence, should be taken for as much 
as nullus, 1635-60 TANLEY /7ist. Philos. (1701) 313/2 Of 
Reciprocation there are three kinds .. the third .. equipol- 
lence, 1725 WatTs ic 1. ii. § 4 The Conversion and 
ition, and Equipollence of these modal itions. 
Mansex Proleg. Log. vi. (1860) 220 The equipollence 
in some cases can only be determined materially. 


mipollency (zkwiypp'lénsi), Also 7 eq- 
Pre neie, sequipollency. [f. Equrrot- 
LENT: see -ENCY,. 


1. Equivalence in signification, authority, efficacy, 
virtue, etc. Cf. EQUIPOLLENCE I. 


EQUIPONDERANCE. 


other were reduced to an equipollency. 1869 M. Arnotp 
Cult. § An. 183 The notion of this sort of equipollency in 
man’s modes ivi 


ic. = ee 2. 


lent), 6-7 sequipol(l)ent. [a. OF. eguipolent 
(mou équipollent), ad, L. xguipollent-em of equal 
equal + _piletem, pr. pple. of 


Y. 
+1. Of persons: Possessed of equal power, au- 
thority, influence, rank, or capacity. Obs. 
1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. 2108 wolden waite 
to be equipolent, And hat more, unto husbondes, 
¢ 1460 Fortescur Ads. § Lim. Mon. (1714) 68 Ther may no 
gretter Perill growe to a Prince, than to have a Subgett 
equipolent to 1548 Hatt Chron. (1809) 163 Fewe 
nces .. be to hym comparable or equipollent. 


els equipol Wks, 
A maritime power. aquipdliant Gu the aan with France, 
*e Of things, forces, or agencies: Equal in power, 


effectiveness, or validity. 

a@1420 Hoccieve De Reg. Princ. xii. 5 The thoughtfulle 
wight {6 'vesesita of eneeas is no greef to hym equi- 
pollent. 1471 Riprey Comp. Adch. vu. v. in Ashm. (1652) 
170 After thyne Elements be made equypolent. 1513 

RADSHAW St. Werburge 1.291 Saynt My! le the thyrde, 
of vertu ——— 1607-12 Bacon Ess. Custom & Educ. 
(Arb.) 368 Votarie resolucion is made equipollent to Cus- 
tome. 1686 BoyLe Eng. Notion Nat. 143 The Pressure of 
the Atmospheere, and the resistence of the Bubble [were] 
by Accident .. near zquipollent. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. 
ix. (1819) 111 By the aid of a iderable and ipoll 
muscular force. 1873 M. Arnotp Lit. § Dogma Introd. 28 
To regard the Bible.. as a sort of talisman .. with all its 
parts equipollent. 4 

8. Identical in effect or result ; practically equi- 
valent. 

1664 Power Ex. Philos, 1. 165 To find the Longitude 
of any place, or some thing equipollent thereunto. cx: 
Berkevey in Fraser Life v. 180 The divine conservation 
is equipoll to..a continued r d creation. 
Witpsore Spher. Motion in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 53° 
equipollent a which shall move in the very 
same manner as the » 1837-9 Hatram Hist. Lit. 1.1. 
viii. 435 A uniformity of measure, which the use of nearly 

4 lent feet cannot .. be thought to impair. 1846 Sir 

- Hamitton New Anal. Log. Forms in Logic 11. (1860) 
260 The equipollent forms of Limitation or Inclusion, and 


‘Exception. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. vii. 292 Equipol- 


lent conceptions could be placed side by side in apposition. 
b. Of expressions or symbols: Equivalent in 
meaning. 

1577-87 Hotinsuep Chron. I. 13/1 The Greeke word amet 
péxaAos 1s equipollent to Jones. @ 1619 Fornersy A theom. 
ul. iii. § 1 (1622) 212 Two Philosophicall termes, in sense 
zquipollent vnto the very name of God. 1760 Swinton 
Coin in Phil. Trans. LI. 865 The characters .. were not 
precisely the same with those of the Pe lent letters used 
in Umbria. Trencn Synon. N. T. (1876) 299 “Yrép 
shall be acceptec bgt gay with dvr, ‘ 

ce. In Logic. Said esp. oe which 
express the same thing, notwithstanding formal 
diversity. ah 

Sir E. Derinc Sf, on Relig. xv. 66 ite 

potions ore sayeigolinns op eaten, speracaeitae 
Elem. Philos, (1839) 40 Equipollent propositions. .that may 
be reduced purely to one and the same propo- 
— wT T, Taytor A leius 381 pote Fg era ny 
ikewise, if it assumes in a ive 
becomes its equipoll Tesory. sq6' Mins. Logi 


its equip ic. 
i. § 2 The original 


proposition. .is first changed into a 
position zquipollent with it. — 


161x Sciater Key (1629) Are they not eq ? 
1612 — pan FF In the Apostles e, 
a Priest and receiver of are eq! True 
Because we exactly fully do equi- 

pollent. 1676 Marvett Mr. Smit is 


V. 723 ‘Choice set terms’, for which 
there is lutely no ipoll in any of the other 
of Europe. 1858 Giapstone Homer om The 
word "Axavoé is used .. as the simple equipollent of Greek. 
Bowen Logic v. 136 Its logical equipollent. 
ence Equipollentness = EQUIPOLLENCE 2. 
1736 in Baiey. 


i (zkwi,pp'léntli), adv. [f. prec. 
Eanip a. Wii equal fore or significance ; 
synonymously, +b, Virtually; by means of equi- 
valent expressions ; cf. EQUIVALENTLY 2, 3. 


. Eaton Honey-c. Free . 68 Both ly 
cad eadipaticnes .. he sees no sin in hi: Perce pee peed 
Jbid, 282 Evident and e, both and equipol- 


power of the Holy Ghost. 1817 
(1845) II. 197 Using the two terms, 
ly. 


and 
uiponderance tenia f, Equt- 
Po my fry see mee’ , CE. r. égutj €.] 

Mag. XI. 155 Being, as it 
were, originally balanced to a sort of equiponderance. 1833 


EQUIPONDERANCY. 


J. Hottanp Manuf. Metals U1. 287 The equiponderance of 
the scales may remain unaffected. 


Equiponderancy (kwijpendéransi).  [f. 


EQUuIPONDERANT : see -ANCY.] = prec. 
10 Brit. Apollo Ill. No. 56. 2/1 Equiponderancy 
wil be ..caused. 1820 in JopRELL; and in a Dicts. 


Equiponderant (kwi,pgndérant), a. and sd. 
Also 7 equiponderent, 7-9 equiponderant. [ad. 


261 


pond-us weight) + -ous.] Having equal weight 
on both sides ; nicely-balanced. 
1661 Gianvitt Vanity Dogm. 228 The Scepticks affected 
an indifferent eauifoadsous er 1775 in AsH. 1846 
icts. 


in Worcester; and in mod. 
+Equi‘potency. 00s. rare. [f. next: see 
-axcr he condition of being equally powerful. 


1658 Fudness of Christ 137 The union is not by means of 
ion or equipotency [ frixted equipatency]. 


med.L, aguiponderant-ent, pr. pple. of xguip 
rare: see next vb. Cf. Fr. éguipondérant.]_ 
A. adj. 

1. +a. Having its weight equally distributed ; 
evenly balanced. +b. Of equal specific gravity. 
ce. Of equal weight. 

a. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef, 11. ii. 61 If the needle 
be not exactly equiponderant, that end which is a thought 
too light, if touched becommeth even. 

b. | 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 26 May serve to render their 
Bodies equiponderant to the water. be Amory Life }, 
Buncle (1770) IV. 100 To make gold, other metals must be 
rendered equiponderant to it. 

c. 1660 Bovte New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxvi. 291 The 
quantity of Air toa quantity of Water equiponderant thereto, 
is as 1300to 1. 1777 SHucksurcu in Pid. Trans. LXVII. 
557 The proportional gravity of quicksilver to air will ex- 
press inversely the length of two equiponderant columns of 
these fluids. 1821 J. Q. Apams in C. Davies Met. Syst. 
mt. (1871) 95 The silver penny..to which 32 kernels of 
wheat were equiponderant was equal to 224 grains troy. 

2. Of immaterial things: a. Of equal weight, 
importance, force, or influence, b. Evenly balanced. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed vi. xi. Wks. 1844 V. 290 In a measure 
equiponderent to their weight upon our souls. 1747 JoHN- 
son Plan Eng. Dict. Wks. 1X. 172 ‘The equiponderant au- 
thorities of writers alike eminent for judgment and accuracy, 
1833 Q. Rev. XLIX. 550 The theory of three distinct and 
equiponderant estates. 1882 Symonps Animi Figura 127 
Equiponderant strife ’twixt good And evil. 

B. sd. pi. Things of equal weight. 

1852 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. 326 The Treatise on 
Equiponderants by Archimedes. 

+ Equiponderate, A/a. Obs. [ad. med.L. 
wxquiponderat-us, pa. pple. of xguiponderare: see 
next.] Equal in weight; in a state of equilibrium. 
Const. to, with. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. II. ii. 58 Iron and steel 
--in long wires equiponderate with untwisted silke and soft 
wax. 1674 Petry Disc. Dupl. Proportion 49 If 1728 Mice 
were equiponderate to one Horse. 

Jig. 1814 Scorr Wav, xlvi, Which is equiponderate with 
our vernacular adage. 

Equiponderate (7kwi)pendéreit), v. [f. med. 
L. xguzponderat- ppl. stem of xgucponderare, f. 
exquus equal + ponderadre to weigh.] 

+1. cntr. To be in a state of equipoise. 
to, with. Obs. 

1641 Witkins Math. Magick 1. iv. (1648) 21 The power 
that doth equiponderate with any weight. 1672 — Nat. 
Relig. 11 The evidence on each side doth equiponderate. 
1682 Weekly Mem. Ingen. 355 When bodies do equipon- 
derate to the bulk of water equal to them. 1710 Brit. 
Apollo III. No. 56. 2/1 They Equiponderate. 1822 Imison 
AY . Ppp (ed. Webster) I. 20 The point about which they 
would equiponderate or rest in any position. 

2. trans. To counterpoise, counterbalance. 

1661 BoyLe Spring of Air 1. ii. (1682) 26 Till it is come to 
equiponderate a cylinder of Mercury of that height. 1673 
Wa ker Educ, 20 To equiponderate the prejudices of plea- 
sure and interest. Amory Life $. Buncle (1770) IV. 
102 Both equiponderate (a pound suppose) in air. 1853 Dre 

uincEY Autobiog. Sk. Wks. I. 162 note, Countervailing 
claims. .had far more than equiponderated the declension. 

3. trans. To put into a well-balanced condition. 

1810 (see quot, for EquirpoNDERATED). 

Hence Equipo‘nderated, Equipo‘nderating 
ppl. adjs. 

1810 A. Knox in Bp. $ebd’s Corr, (1834) II. 404 In this 
obviously measured and equiponderated speech. 1691 Ep. 
Taytor Behmen’s Theos. Philos, 163 The Mean of Equi- 
ponderating Solemnity of Humane Creatures. 1879 G. Mac- 
DONALD Sir Gibdie III. x. 167 His equiponderating descrip- 
tion of the place of misery, : _ 

Equiponderation (7:kwijpendérét-fon). [n. of 
action f. med.L. xgudponderare: see prec. and 
-ATION.] ‘The action or process of making equally 
balanced, or putting in equipoise; the state or 
condition of being in equipoise. 

1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 35% Equiponderation 
is when the endeavour of one body, which presses one of 
the beams, resists the endeavour of another body pressin. 
the other beam, so that neither of them is moved. 1784 i 
Barry Lect. Art iii. (1848) 129 The anatomy of the human 


Const. 


body .. the equiponderation of its 1874 Edin. Rev. 
No. 285. 175 Equiponderation, or the relation of equipoise 
and balance. 


+ Equiponderous, ¢. Ods. Also 7 equi- 
ponderous. [f. Equi- + L. pondus, ponder-is 
weight + -ous.] Of equal weight or specific gravity ; 
Jig. of equal authority. 

1656-81 in Brounr Glossogy. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 
96 Being ,. e2quiponderous to a Mercurial Cylinder of 28 

nches. 169r T. H[ate] Acc. New Jnvent. p. xxvi, His 
Character justly renders him zquiponderous to them in 
Moral..Knowledge. 1729 H. pe Saumarez in Phil. Trans. 
XXXVI. 54 To make it equiponderous with the Water. 

Hence Equipo‘nderousness. = 1736 in Baitey. 

+ Equipo'ndious, a. Obs. vave—*. [f.L. xqui- 
pondi-um equality of weight (f. eguus equal + 


Equipotent (¢kwi'pétént), a. rare. [f. Equt- 
+Porent.] Equally powerful. 

1875 Contemp. Rev. XXVII. 85 Nor am I speaking of 
cases where it is clear that one of the qualities has over- 
powered the other, but of instances where they appear 
equipotent, - fe : 

quipotential (Zkwi,potenfal), a. [f. Equt- 
+ PorENTIAL.] 

+1. Of equal power or authority. Ods. 

— Woovneap Holy Living (1688) 56 Not equipotential, 
or independent one of another. i 

2. Physics. Of points: In which the potential of 
a force is the same. Of lines, surfaces, etc.: In 
which the potential is constant at all points. 
Equipotential function: one which expresses the 
conditions of equality of potential. 

1880 Nature X XI. 361 A disk, through which an electric 
current was passing until two nearly equipotential points 
were found. 1880 A thenzunt 13 Nov. 644/1 Equipotential 
lines inaplate. 1881 Maxwett Electr. bas Se I. 14 When 
a potential function exists, surfaces for which the potential 
is constant are called Equipotential surfaces, 1882 M1ncHiIN 
Unipl. Kinemat. 228 Equipotential and flow functions. 

Equipped (‘kwi'pt), #/. a. [f. Equip v. +-ED1.] 
In senses of the vb. 

os Lytton Lela u1. ii, The best equipped was conducted 
by the Marquess de Villena. 1866 AtcER Solit. Nat. & 
Man u.69 The penalty affixed to supremely equipped souls. 

+ Equippee, «. Her. Obs. Also 8 equippé. 
[ad. F. éguepé, pa. pple. of éguzper. See Equi v.] 
(See seeis) 

_ 1731 Baitey vol. II, Zguipf¢ signifies a knight equipped, 
i.e. armed at all points, 175x in CHAMBERS Cycl, 1775 
Asu, Eguippee. : 

Equipper (‘kwi-pa1). [fas prec. +-Er1.] One 
who equips ; one who fits out (a ship, etc.). 

1864 Lp. Bramwe tt in Morning Star 12 Jan., The mis- 
demeanour is committed..according to the intent, not of 
the equipper, but of his customer. 

Equi ping (tkwi'pin), vd7. sb. [f. as prec. 
+ oa The action of the vb. Equip. 

chi 8 Collect. Voy. (Churchill) II, 740/1 The Governour 
was busy in equipping of Men of War. 1790 Beatson 
Nav. & Mil. Mem. I. 337 The equipping of two such arma- 
ments, did not escape the notice of the British Ministry. 
1799 NreLSon 28 Nov. in Nicolas Désf. (1845) IV. 118 Our 
Ships off Malta..will want a complete equipping. 

| Used gerundially with omission of 27. 

1681 Lond. Gaz. No. 1677/1 The rest of the Ships that 
are Equipping at Thoulon. 1772-84 Coox Voy. (1790) I. 
Introd. 11 The Endeavour was equipping for a voyage to 
the South Seas. 1810 Naval Chron. XXIII. 113 In the 
basin. .were seven two-deckers equipping. : 

Equiprobabilism, -producing, -radial, 
-radical: see Equi- pref. 

Equirotal (zkwijrd'tal), a. [f. Equi-+ L. rota 
wheel + -Au.] 

1. Having the fore and hind wheels of equal 
diameter. 

1839 Sat. Mag. Suppl. Aug. 88/1 The first equirotal car- 
riage thus made was a phaeton. 1843 ¥ru/. R. Agric. Soc. 
IV. 11. 492 His spring-waggon on the equirotal cross-lock 
principle. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 103/2 Ambulance 
wagon, complete with new pattern stretchers, equirotal, 
lockunder, converted. ; 

2. ‘Having equal rotation.’ In mod. Dicts, 

Equisegmental: see Equi- pref. 

uisetaceous (ekwijsitzi-fos), a. Bot. [f. 
mod.L. eguésétdce-2 + -0US: see EQuisEeTuM and 
-ACEOUS!] Belonging to the order Lgudsetacex. 

1867 J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 133 Siliceous crystals in the 
epidermis of equisetaceous plants, 

Equisetic (ekwis7tik), a. Chem. [f. Equiser- 
uM + -Ic.] Derived from Equisetum. Zguzsetic 
acid, obtained from Zguzsetum fluviatile, is now 
known to be identical with Aconrric acid. 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 54 When malic acid 
is distilled at the temperature of 349°, it is resolved into 
water, and two pyro-acids, which are isomeric. These acids 
have been distinguished by the names of equisetic or maleic, 
and fumaric or paramaleic acid. 1876 Hinsy in Royle’s 
Mat. Med. 771 Aconitia is combined in the root with aco- 
nitic or equisetic acid. Say 

Equisetiform (ekwis7‘tifgfmm), @. Bot. [f. 
EqQuisEt-UM + -(1)ForM.] Having the form of an 
Equisetum. 

1847 in CraiG; and in mod. Dicts. 

Equisetum (ckwis7tim). Bor. Pl.equisetums, 
-a. [a. L. egudsétum (more correctly egutsetun), 
f. eguus horse +sxta bristle] A genus of plants 
called popularly Horsetail or Mare’s-tail; the 
typical genus of the N.O. Zguzsetacew. 

1830 LyeLt Princ. Geol. 1. 101 The fossil ferns, equiseta, 
and other plants of the coal strata. od Darwin in Life & 
Lett. (1887) I. 360 His oolitic upright Equisetums are 
dreadful for my submarine flora. 1873 Dawson Zarth § 
Man vi. 129 Mares’ Tails or Equisetums, 


EQUITATION. 


Equisized : see Equi- pref. 

+Evquison 1, Ods. rare. In 7 equison. [ad. 
L. xquison-us adj., f. xqud- (see EQui-) + -son-us 
sounding.] (See quot.) 

1609 Doutanp Ornith. Microl, 79 Aequisons are those 
[notes], which being stroke together, make one sound of 2. 

Equison 2, xonce-wd. fad. L. eguison-em 
groom, stable-boy, f. eg¢s horse.] A groom; a 
horse-jockey. 

1824-8 Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) 1. 13 Newmarket, the 
competitors at its games, their horses, their equisons and 
colours. | ‘ 

Equisonance (7kwisdunans). Ancient Music. 
[f. asnext: see-ancu; cf. Fr. égudsonnance.] The 
fact of being equisonant ; the concord of octaves. 

1819 In Rees Cyci. 1838 In Smarr; and in mod. Dicts. 

Equisonant (zkwisdwnant),@. Ancient Music. 
[f. Equi- + Sonant; after L. wgudsonus: see 
Equison!.] Consonant in the octave. 

In mod. Dicts.. 

Equisufficiency : see Equi- fre}. 

Equitable (ekwitab’l), a. [a. Fr. éguttable, f. 
équité Equity.) 

. Characterized by equity or fairness. a. Of 
actions, arrangements, decisions, etc.: That is in 
accordance with equity ; fair, just, reasonable. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep, To Rdr.a5b, The equitable 
considerations and candour of reasonable mindes. 1649 CroM- 
WELL Le#¢, 15 Apr. (Carlyle), Both my paper..and yours of 
the 28th do in all literal and all equitable construction 
agree, 1654 True State Commonw. 11 To interpose upon 
the same equitable grounds. 1769 Ropertson Chas. V, 
III. x1. 306 He might compel Charles to accept of an equit- 
able peace. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. (ndia 11. ww. v. 466 To 
take the lands..under an equitable valuation, 1856 FRoupE 
Hist, Eng. (1858) 1. iv. 296 Their punishment, if tyrannical 
in form, was equitable in substance. a ' 

b. Of persons: Guided by principles of equity, 
displaying a spirit of equity; unbiased, impartial, 
candid. Now rare. 

1682 Burnet Rights Princes viii. 296 Equitable Judges 
would acknowledg that he had reason of his side. 1 
Boye Chr. Virtuoso. Pref.2, 1 hope the Equitgrble Reader 
will not expect to find every Subject .. fully Treated of. 
1793 IT. Beppors Math, Evid. 153 Nor will any equitable 
critic .. dwell a moment upon this charge. 1875 MANNING 
Mission H, Ghost vi. 165 The more severe we are to our 
own faults, the more gentle and equitable we shall be to the 
faults of others. heer 

2. Pertaining to the department of jurisprudence 
called Equity. Of rights, claims, etc.: Valid in 
‘equity’ as distinguished from ‘law’. 

@1720 SHEFFIELD (Dk. Buckhm.) Js. (1753) I]. 105 They 
could make me no legal title..and I have only an equitable 
one to depend on. 1818 Cruise Digest I. 225 A trust estate 
..is good as an equitable jointure. 1845 Po.son in Lucycé, 
Metrop.856/1 In Demerara, Berbice, the Cape of Good Hope, 
etc .the supreme courts are courts of equitable as well as 
legal jurisdiction. 1876 Dicsy Neal Prof. vii. § 4. 337 The 
legal estate is vested in the trustee, in trust for the cestui 
que trust, who has the equitable estate. 

Equitableness (e‘kwitab’lnés). [f- prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being equitable. 

1643 NetHEeRSOLE Proj. for Peace (1648) 5 The justice or 
equitablenesse of any..Article of the Project. 1797 //is¢. 
in Ann. Reg. 74/2 The public would give them credit for its 
equitableness. 1882 Miss Brappon M#. Royad III. iv. 77 
He was so thoroughly assured as to the perfect equitable- 
ness of the transaction. 4 

Equitably (ckwit&bli), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-Ly.] In an equitable manner; according to the 
tules of equity, in a spirit of fairness. 

1663 CHARLETON Chor. Gigan. 7 And equitably examined 
the probability. 1736 Butter Awad. u. vi. Wks. 1874 1.232 
No more [will] be required of any one, than what might 
have been equitably expected of him. 1839: James Louis 
ATV, II. 343 Acting equitably towards the unoffending 
peasantry of another nation. 1872 Yeats Growth Commi. 
249 He..distributed the imposts more equitably. 

Equitangential: see Equi- pref. 

Equitant (ekwitint), a. [ad. L. egudtant-em, 
pr. pple. of eguztare to ride, f. eguzt-em (nom. 
egues) horseman, f, eguzs horse.] 


+1. Riding on horseback. Obs.—° 

1840 in SMART. 

2. (See quot. 1880.) 

1830 Linptey Wat. Syst. Bot. 260 Crocus leaves are not 
equitant. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iv. 136 Equitant, where 
leaves override, the older successively astride the next 


younger. F : 

+ ‘Hiquitate (ekwiteit), v. rare—'. bombastic. 
[f. L. eqgudtat- ppl. stem of eguitdre: see prec.] 
zntr. To ride. : : 

1708 Morreux Rabelais (1737) V. 232 To which we equi- 
tate with Maturation. 

Equitation (ckwitzi-fan). Also 6 equitacion. 
[ad. L. eguttation-em, n. of action f. eguttare : 
see Equirant, Cf. Fr. éguctation.] The action, 
art, or habit of riding on, or as on, horseback ; 
horsemanship. 

1562 BuLLeYN Sicke Men 67b, Equitacion..must be used 
upon a soft easie goyng horse. 1771 Gipson Let. Misc. 
Wks. 1796 I. 443, I have got a droll little poney, and intend 
to renew the long forgotten practice of equitation. 18: 
Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 39 Military Equitation may b 
divided into three parts. 1845 Stocqueter Handbk, Brit. 
India (1854) 32 Witching the world with noble equitation. | 


EQUITATIVE. 
Lo A Bhs. Ser.1. i 
plore, seca ce peecene oe 


b. An excursion, a ride on horseback. 

1728 Let. in Nichols ///ustr. Lit. Hist. IV. 497 (L.), I 
have lately made a few rural equitations to visit some seats, 

lens, etc. 1851 Cartyte Sterling m. ii. (1872) 179 Ster- 
ing was at his p and equitations again. 
uitative (e‘kwiteitiv). [f. L. eguitat- (see 
EQuirate) +-IVE.] Of or pertaining to equitation. 
Chamb. Frni. TV. 35 A whole legion of t 
war! y ic, leg in, equi e, and equivocal. 

Equitemporaneous : see Equi- pref. 

Equity (ekwiti). Forms: 4-6 equite, -yte, 
(4 equitee, -ytee, -ytie, 5 eawyte), 4-7 equitie, 
(6 equitie, -ity), 6 equity. [a. OF. eguité = 
Pr. eguitat, Sp. equidad, It. equita, ad. L. xgut- 
tat-em, f. equus even, fair.] 

I. In general. ; 

1. The quality of equal or fair; fairness, 
impartiality ; evenhanded dealing. | 5 

The L. eguitas was somewhat influenced in meaning by 
being adopted as the ordinary rendering of Gr. émeikea 
(see Eptxy), which meant reasonableness and moderation in 
the exercise of one’s rights, and the disposition to avoid in- 
sisting on them too rigorously. An approach to this sense 
is found in many of the earlier Eng. examples, 

¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 154 Thet hys 5 pryvete Of hys domes 
inequyte. 1382 Wyc.iF Jfa/. ii. 6 In equitee he walkide with 
me. ¢ 1425 WyNTOUN Cron, vil. x. 49% Be justys he gave 
and eqwyte Til ilke man, bat his suld be. 1477 Eart Rivers 
(Caxton) Dictes 6 a, He [God] shal juge you in equite. 
1535 CovERDALE ¥od xxix. 14 Equity was my crowne. 1588 
7 Usa Diotrephes (Arb.) 19 Weigh it in the ballance of 
equitie. 161r Biste 7vans/. Pref. 10 They can with no 
show of equity challenge vs for changing and correcting. 
1660 Jer. TayLor Duct. Dubit. 1. vi. § 1. 399 Not to punis 
any man more than the law compels us; that’s equity. 
1673 Rules of Civility (ed. 2) 141 The person of honour is in 
equity to go in first. 1759 Ropertson //ist, Scot, II. vi. 
32 These princes readily acknowledged the equity of his 
claim. @1832 Mackintosu Revol. Wks. 1846 TL. 158 Those 
principles of equity and policy on which religious liberty is 
founded. 1870 LoweLt Am my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 257 
There is a singular equity and absence of party passion. 

2. concr. What is fair and right ; something that 
is fair and right. rarely in J/. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. ww. vi. 144 Amonges pise binges 
sittep be heye makere..to don equite. 1377 LANnGL. P. Br 
B. xix. 305 He dede equite to alle euene forth his powere. 
1483 Caxton Cato A vii), That he may do equyte and justyce. 
1875 Manninc Mission H. Ghost x. 267 The equities which 
we owe to our neighbour. 

II. In Jurisprudence. 

3. The recourse to general principles of justice 
(the xaturalis equitas of Roman jurists) to correct 
or supplement the provisions of the law. Aguity 
of a statute: the construction of a statute accord- 
ing to its reason and spirit, so as to make it apply 
to cases for which it does not expressly provide. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 6 a, They bee taken by the 
equitie of the statute. 1642 Perxins Prof Bk. iv. § 270. 
120 Such Assetts are not taken by the equitie of the Statute 
of Gloucester. 1858 Lp. St. Leonarps Handy Bk. Prop. 
Law ii. 3 Chancellors..moderated the rigour of the law ac- 
cording. .to equity. 

4. In England (hence in Ireland and the United 
States), the distinctive name of a system of law 
existing side by side with the common and statute 
law (together called ‘law’ in a narrower sense), 
and superseding these, when they conflict with it. 

The original notion was that of sense 3, a decision ‘in 
equity’ being understood to be one given in accordance with 
natural justice, in a case for which the law did not provide 
adequate remedy, or in which its operation would have 
been unfair. These decisions, however, were taken as pre- 
cedents, and thus ‘equity’ early became an organized 
system of rules, not less definite and rigid than those of 
“Taw *; though the older notion long continued to survive 
in the language of legal writers, and to some extent to 
influence the practice of equity judges. In England, equity 
was formerly administered by a special class of tribunals, 
of which the Court of Chancery was chief; but since 1873 
all the branches of the High Court administer both ‘law 
and ‘ equity’, it being provided that where the two differ, 
the rules of equity are to be followed. Nevertheless, 
the class of cases formerly dealt with by the Court of 
Chancery are still reserved to the Chancery Division of 
the High Court. ee 

1591 Lamparve Arch. (1635) 46 And likewise in his Court 
of Eguitie he doth..cancell and shut up the rigour of the 

enerall Law. Jdid. 58 The Lustices ld informe him 

the King] ofthe Law, and the Chancellor of Equitie. 1745 
De Foe's Eng. Tradesman Il, xxxix. 116 He will always 
have the worst of it in equity, whatever he may have at 
common law. 1765-9 BLacxstone Comm. (J.), In the court 
of Chancery there are two distinct tribunals; the one 
ordinary, being a court of common law ; the other extra- 
pace being a court of equity. 1832 Austin Furispr. 
(1879) I. 40 Equity sometimes signifies a species of law. 
1853 Waserom Pa. Digest 708 Equity will grant relief when 
--a contract is made under a mistake. 1858 Lp. St. Leon- 
ARDS igen Bk. ~~ Law ii. 3 There are settled and in- 
violable rules of equity, which require to be moderated by 
the rules of good conscience. 

b. Defined so as to include other systems ana- 
logous to this; e.g. the pretorium jus of the 
Romans. 

1861 Maine Anc. Law ii. (1870) 28 What I call equity.. 
any body of rules existing by the side of the original civil 
law, founded on distinct principles and claiming incidentally 
to supersede the civil law in virtue of a superior sanctity 
inherent in those principles, 


clearly the virtual equivalence 


262 


5. An equitable , i.e. one recognizable by a 
court of equity. O ain r ms : 

. omt, LAW pon which 
eeuie ia Weicingg ies ectbowh Ree or Honestie, 


ing to those agreements. 

Kunr Comm. fi. 118 The 's equity to a suitable 
. (ed. 12) 177 Incidental equities 
the and 
‘imes 


1826- 


moi w forfeited his estate has of 
redeeming it within a reasonable time by payment 
of the principal and interest. LZgutty to a settle- 
ment: a wife’s equitable right to have settled upon 


her any properties coming to her after marriage. 

1712 Axsutunot Fohkn Bull 67 But has not pasate, sll 
the equity of redemption? 1767 Biackstone Comm. II. 1 
This reasonable advantage, allowed to mortgagors, is cal! 
4 equity = eo a aera LEonarps i 

. Prop. Law xiv. 'wenty verse possession, 
a person claiming the equity of redemption, will bar the 
.. owner. 5 

. attrib. and Comb., as equity-bar, court, judge, 
-lawyer. Also equity-draughtsman, a barrister 
who draws pleadings in gees 

@ 1832 Bentuam Fustice & Codific. Petit. Wks. 1843 V. 
484 Turn first to the self-styled equity courts. 

+ Evquivale, v. Obs. [ad. Fr. éguzval-oir, ad. 
late L. eguivale-re, f. eguus equal +valé-re to be 
strong.] ‘vans. a. To provide an equivalent for. 
b. To be equivalent-to. rare. 

1608 [S. Hieron] Defence I11. 30 Sociall admission to the 
Lords table. .is equivaled & sufficiently supplyed, in that.. 
ry partake of the deinties. 1659 FuLLER Aff. /n7. Innoc. 

I. 98 Such participles equivale infinitives. 1695 Kennetr 
Par. Antig. App. 685 The English addition Field equivaling 
the Greek Nun. 

Equivalence (‘kwi-valéns), sd. Also 7 equi- 
valence. [a. F. éguivalence, ad. med.L. exgutva- 
lentia, f. equivalent-em EQUIVALENT.] 

1. The condition of being equivalent; equality 
of value, force, importance, significance, etc. 

a1s4x Wyatt Poet, Wks. (1861) 203 When he weigheth 
the fault and recompense, He..findeth plain Atween them 
two no whit equivalence. 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon 
i Dyce) 173/2 Have you courted and found Castile fit 

‘Oo answer Caaiund in equivalence? 1652 WapsworTH 
tr. Sandoval’s Civ. Wars Spain 212 In satisfaction or 
equivalence thereof, hee might allow a pension or stipend 
to, etc. 1655-60 StranLey Hist. Philos. (1701) 476/1 jui- 
valence we call an equality as to Belief or Unbelief. 

Hare Prim. Orig. Man. 1. ii. 53 No ns ..which are 
wanting in the constitution of the humane y, at least in 
substance and equivalence. 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) 
I. 214 Tho there be no Proportion of Equivalence between 
our best Works and the Rewards of Heaven. 1847 Lewes 
Hist. Philos. (1867) 1. Introd. 63 The whole stress of Verifi- 
cation consists in reducing propositions to —— or equi- 
valence. 1870 Bowen Logic vili. 250 It brings to light very 
those in the seve 
Figures. 1890 Times 4 Jan. 9/2 Gold and silver will. .assume 
equivalence at the ratio the Act names. 

b. Physics. Equality of energy or effect. 

1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 6) 61 The relation is 
not a relation of simple mechanical equivalence. 1878 Tarr 
& Stewart Unseen Univ. iii. 112 But the exact and formal 
enuntiation of the equivalence of heat and work..was given 
by Day in 1812. . 

ce. Equivalence of force: the doctrine that force 
of one kind becomes transformed into force of 
another kind of the same value. Cf. Conservation 
of energy, ENERGY 6. 

1871 Tynpatt Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) 11. xiv. 348 No engine.. 
can evade this law of equivalence, or form on its own 
account the smallest modicum of work. ry B. Stewart 
Conserv. Force viii. 205 The doctrine called the i 
pecans, equivalence, transmutability, indestructibility 
of force, 

2. Chem. The doctrine that differing fixed quan- 
tities of different substances are ‘equivalent’ in 
chemical combinations. 

1880 tr. Wurtz’ Atom. Th. 76 He mentions polybasicacids 
as forming an exception to the theory of equivalence. 

valence, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec. sb.] 
trans. To balance, serve as equipoise to. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. i. 3 Whether the resist- 
ibility of his reason did not equivalence the facility of her 
seduction. ae . 

Equivalency (¢kwi-valénsi). [ad. L. wgui- 
valentia ; see EQUIVALENCE sd. and -ENCY.] 

1, = Equivalence 1, 

1535 Br. Sarissury in Strype Zec?. Mem, 1. App. Ixi. 150 
Your letter .. having the apvenney, of a inhibition. ee 
Sevven Titles Hon, 199 Dux and Comes Britannia, 
whose equiualencie in ancient time, alreadie. 1674 Petry 
Dise. . Proportion 38 The one to measure the velocity 
of the Wind, and the other its Power or Equivalency to 
Weight. a 1677 Barrow Serm. (1810) I. 159 We have re- 
demption through his blood, the forgiveness of Sins ; which 
argueth the equivalency of these terms. 1737 L. CLarKE 
Hist. Bible 700} IL. v. 126 He pr them the d 
of an hundredfold by way of comfort and equivalency. 
Edin. Rev, II, 237 Mone: 


only serves as pigs Poe) 
ium of bang ray 1821 /bid. 


eq 
pondees 1864 Huxtry 
Compar. Anat. v. be beers aside altogether the question of 
the equivalency of t groups. 


EQUIVALENT. 


a = = EQUIVALENCE 1 b. 
» Ni This 
ntell. Observ. No. 54. 454 equivalency of heat 


5 Chem, SRAVALENOD 9. 
Molec. Sc. 1. iti. 106 
1869 Mrs. Somervitte m4 ok 106 And thus 


__1853 G. Tate Addr. Berwick. Naturalists’ Club, Fossil- 
iferous beds .. furnish i sting evid as to age and 
equivalency. 1862 Dana Man. Geol. 203 (title) bees of 
the Primordial or Potsdam Period in America, its 
equivalency with the European. 

+4, An equivalent, a substitute. Ods. 

1698 Norris Pract. Disc.(1707) IV. 84 A Vicarious Punish- 
ment, not a rigid Satisfaction, but an Equivalency. 1705 
Cot. Rec. Penn. U1. 195 Will prove a sufficient Equi Z 

Equivalent ‘Ckwi-valent), a. and sb. Forms: 
6-7 eque-, equivolent(e, 6 equyvalent, 7-8 
equivalent, 5- sige teccera fad. late L. egui- 
valent-em, pr. pple. of aguivalére, f. xquus equal 
+ valére to be pow to be worth. Cf. Fr. 


équivalent.| A. adj. Equalin value, power, efficacy, 
or import. Const. 40, + with, + for or simply. 
+1. Of persons or things: Equal in power, rank, 
ery efficacy, or excellence. Obs. 
ce 


1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 803 Equyualent to Ruth 
she was in humylyt 53 
laste we shulde hes on like weale equiualent to the 


A oes. ; 
Let. in Hartlib Ref 
virtue zquivalent, if not exceeding the other. 1657 Burton's 
Diary (1828) 11.88 Certainl: ¥ their authority was equivalent 
with yours, 1667 Mitton ?. ZL. 1x. 609 No Fair to thine 
Equivalent or second. a Petty Pol. Arith. i. (eon) I 
A small Country and few People may be equi’ in 
Wealth and Strength to a far greater People and Territory. 
+2. Occasional uses. a. Of : ? Concor- 
dant. b. Correspondent, proportioned fo. Obs. 

1533 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1 #7 Syngynge full 
swetely theyr songes arenes 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 
1. 703 It is Tectunlent ‘o all ressoun.. That thy mater.. 
I tak on hand. ; : 

3. Equal in value. Now only in more restricted 
uses: (@) of things regarded as mutually com- 
pensating each other, or as exchangeable; (4) of 
things of which one serves as a measure of value 
for the other. 

1591 Horsey 7vav. (Hakluyt Soc.) A) 1 The ae 
wold be at the leaste aquavelans with The cmuee ae oe 
marchantes should reape therby. Fuirer War 
IV. xviii. (1647) 198 Tarqueminus reserving his person [King 
Louis] as an equivalent ransome. ¢ 1720 Prior 1st Hymn 
Callimachus 70 beng re moment well nigh equivalent, and 
a y lot are ed, x Goines. ist. 
Rom. (1786) 1. 210 lives of those men were not 
lent for those of an army. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. J; IL. 
RE Ns Ta hana 6 ype thy me sy oe 

oO c acauLay Hist, Eng. U1. 251 
Thirty thousand nds may be idered as equival 
toa dred and fifty th d pounds in the th 
century. 1858 Bricut Sf, /ndia 24 June, Taxation equiva- 
lent to 300,000, e ¢ 
b. Of weights, measures, numerical expressions : 
_— in quantitative ‘value’. 

x Hutton Math. I. 6 Reduce ¥ to its equivalent 

Secon, samy ttangenn 'Operat Mech. Gloss: Dutatal, 
. ICHOLSON , 

5 Prenth oxtipacuih volun? equivalent to woe tek of thems 

respective nations. 


4. Having equal or corresponding im mean- 
ing, or significance: chiefly of w and ex- 
pressions. 


1529 More Heresyes 1v. Wks. 280/1 It is now all one to 
cal him a Lutherane or to call him an heretike, those two 
wordes being in maner equiualent. 1530 Lynpesay Jest 
Papyngo and deid war boith equeuolent. 1614 
SELDEN Fittes Hon, 169 With them Pri alone was 

uiualent with the name of Emperor. 1668 Witxins Real 
Char. 369 That double Letter in the Hebrew (3). .is by some 
accounted equivolent to this. ‘umbers 
6 Furnish if with a 
1832 Lewis 
a neem f 
§ 7 Let us substitute for 
more definite . 1886 F. 


Possesston 
5. That is virtually the same thing ; identical in 
effect i, Kia ag ‘ 
Pe, dat FB ng atl Fe 
1698 Kent Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 
force... ivalent. .to two 


EQUIVALENT. 


myself. 1865 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. I11. 237 His 
presence..would be equivalent to an army of ten thousand 
men. 31885 Watson & Bursury Math, Th, Electr. §& Me 
I. 145 The system is therefore equivalent to a complete 
sphere charged to unit potential. 2: 

6. Having the same relative position or function ; 
corresponding. 

1634 Brereton 7vav, (Chetham Soc.) 8 Burgomaisters.. 
are equivalent to our bailiffs of cities or towns corporate. 

ors Amer. Geog. Il. 583 The Cadi, or some equiva- 

lent officer. 1807 J. E. Smitu Phys. Bot. 7 Perhaps in the 

fossil kingdom heat may be equivalent to a vital principle. 

18.. Dana (W.), The equivalent strata of different countries. 

1822 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 152 The underground hairs of Mosses 

and the true roots of vascular plants are physiologically 
uivalent. : 

. Chem. Of a quantity of any substance: Equal 
in combining value to a (stated) quantity of an- 
other substance. Also, of elements: Having the 
same degree of quantivalence. 

1850 DauBEny Atom. Th. ix. (ed. 2) 280 note, Otto em- 
ploys the term equivalent volume instead of atomic volume. 
1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. 172 The elements belonging to 
one class are equivalent, 1873 WiLLIAMSON Chem. § 85 One 
atom of oven takes the place of two atoms of chlorine, 
and it is spoken of as equivalent to two atoms of chlorine. 
1880 tr. Wurtz’ Atom. Th. 33 The atoms of simple bodies 
are — to each other. 

» SO. 

1. Something equal in value or worth; said esf, 
of things given by way of exchange or compen- 
sation; also, something tantamount or virtually 
identical. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. vii. 185 By 
delyberacyon and fully consentynge or equyualent tres- 
passeth ony of the .x.commaundementes. @1616 RoceErs (J.), 
A regular obedience to one law will be a full equivalent for 
their breach of another. 1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. I. 234 
You may well think we eaperted no less an equivalent. 
1722 Wodrow Corr, (1843) II, 678 I'll remit the money 
to you as you direct, or send you equivalents. 1760 
Gotpsm. Cit. W. xxvii, For every dinner .. they returned 
an equivalent in praise. 1771 — Hist. Eng. IV. 270 
This, however, was eonaiiered as no equivalent to the 
damages that had been sustained. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt II. 
xxiii. 52 Belleisle alone..was a sufficient equivalent for 
Minorca. 1828 Lp. Grenvitte Sink, Fund g ‘Those quan- 
tities of money and of bread are equivalents. 1841 Lane 
Arab, Nts. 1, 18 To be paid in kind, or in money, or other 
equivalent. 1855 Bain Senses § Int. 1. iii. (1864) 567 The 
existence of a plurality of weak resemblances will be the 
equivalent of a single stronger one, ee Yeats Techn. 
Hist. Comm. 159 Thus a white weasel’s skin was an equi- 
valent for eleven sheepskins. 

b. The Equivalent in Eng. Hist.: a sum of 
money ordered, by the Act of Union of 1707, to be 
paid to Scotland as a set-off against additional 
excise duties, loss on coinage, etc. 

1706 Articles of Union xv, The sum of 398,0852. ros. .. 
being the equivalent to be answered to Scotland forsuch parts 
of the said customs and excises, etc. The said commis- 
sioners. .shall keep books containing accounts of the amount 
of the equivalent. 1707 Luttret Brief Rel. VI. 181 Most 
ofthe Scotch commissioners for the equivalent are gone for 
that kingdom. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4419/6 A..quantity of 
arms .. belonging to the Commissioners of the Equivalent. 

+e. An equal part. Ods. rare. 

¢ 1590 Martowe Faust. vii. (1878) 12 The streets straight- 
forth. .Quarter the town in four equivalents. 

2. A word, expression, sign, etc., of equivalent 
meaning or import. 

165 Hosses Govt. & Soc. ii. 32 The words themselves... 
have in them the very essence of an Oath, to wit, so God 
help me, or other equivalent. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 
I. iii. (1875) 158 Appearance, which is its [Phenomenon’s] 
verbal equivalent. 1865 TyLor Early Hist. Man. v. 96 
Wrote down the pictured equivalents for these words. 1876 
Freeman Worm, Cong. 11. App. 683, I have not found any 
English equivalent for that title. : 

3. In various scientific uses: a. Chem. = egui- 
valent proportion (see quot and A. 7.). 

1827 Farapay Chem. Manip. xxii. 554 The term chemical 

uivalent may therefore be used to imply that proportion of 
a body which is necessary to act upon seater bo y. x188r 
Wituiiamson in Nature No. 618. 416 The term equivalent 
was subsequently introduced to indicate the proportional 
weights of analogous substances found to be of equal value 
in their chemical effects, 

b. That which corresponds in relative position 
or function (see A. 6); in Biol. said of analogous 
and homologous structures ; in Geol. of a stratum 
or formation in one country answering to one in 
another country. 

1839 Ig oy Silur. Syst. t. iii. 33 The English equiva- 
lents of the Keuper. 1856 Woopwarp Mollusca 48 The 
univalve shell is the equivalent of both valves of the bivalve. 

e. Physics. Mechanical equivalent: the amount 
of mechanical effect resulting from the operation 
of a force. Mechanical equivalent of heat: con- 
yentionally, the amount of mechanical energy re- 
quired to raise 11b, of water through 1° C. 

1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 19 Where both lose, then 

uivalent of heat results, 1860 Tynpatt Glac, 11. xix. 

329 This force is the mechanical equivalent of the heat 
generated. 1863 — Heat ii. (1870) 39 He first calculated the 
mechanical equivalent of heat. H. Spencer First 
Princ, ui. iii. (1875) 165 An equivalent of the pressure we 
consciously exert. 1876 Tair Rec. Adv. Phys. Sc. vi. 137 
For a quantity of heat represents its equivalent of work. 
Ze had Sretey Stein II. 17 Napoleon ..had tried to 

ind the Mechanical Equivalent of Catholicism. 


268 


4. Comb. equivalent-money (see 1b); equi- 
valent number (Chem.), atomic weight. 

1707 LutTRELL Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 189 The remainder of 
the olipages money for Scotland is to be sent thither next 
Tues = in specie and bank bills. 1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 
5307/2 Commissioners for disposing so much of the Equi- 
valent Mony payable to Scotland as remains yet un- 
applied. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. 1. 629 The equivalent 
number, or weight of the atom, of alumina, has been less 
satisfactorily determined than that of most of the earths, 

Equivalently (kwi-valéntli), adv. [f. prec. 
adj. + -LY2.] 

1. To an equivalent amount, in an equivalent 
degree. 

@ 1528 Ske.ton How Dk. Albany, §c. 403 His grace to 
magnify and laude equivalently. 1786 T. Jerrerson Wit, 
(1859) 1. 598 He must lessen equivalently his consumption 
of some other European articles in order to pay for his 
coffee and sugar. 1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 6) 171 
Each force is .. equivalently convertible into each other. 

2. As an equivalent term, or in equivalent terms, 
with equivalent force or signification. 

1545 Upat Lrasm, Par. Luke (1548) Pref. 5b, Whose full 
importyng cannot with one mereEnglishe worde equiualently 
be interpreted. 1631 J. Burces Answ. Rejoined 201 The 
termes..are not vsed disiunctiuely but equiualently. 1805 
H. Tooke Purley (1840) 265 Certain is was used in the 
same manner equivalently to certes. 

+3. Virtually, in effect. (In 17th c. often op- 
posed to expressly, formally.) Obs. 

1644 Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy iv. 30 When the 
promise or Oath. .amonnts either expressely or equivalently 
to a relaxation of the bond of subjection. 1648 J. Goopwin 
Right § Might, Either formally or equivalently the same. 
1652 L. S. People’s Liberty viii. 14-The major part of the 
suffrages is equivalently the whole number. 1655 FULLER 
Ch, Hist. Index, Athelwolphus Monarch of the Saxons 
maketh (equivalently) a Parliament act for the paying of 
Tithes. @1677 Barrow Is. (1687) I. 285 We seldom, in 
kind or equivalently, are our selves clear of that which we 
charge upon others. 1689 7reat. Monarchy u. i. 37 By 
the Grant of the former Laws. .he did equivalently put him- 
self into the State of Legal Monarchs. 

Equivaliant: see Equi- pref. 

+ Equi-valize, v. Ods. vave—'. [f. Equivat- 
ENT + -1ZE.] In phrase, Zo eguivalize account: 


to amount. 

1647 M. Hunson Div. Right. Govt. Ep. Ded. 10 The 
summa totalis of my ability did never equivalize account to 
one hundred pence. 

Equivalue: see Equi- pref. 

+ Equi-vocacy. Olds. rare. [f. L. xgztivoc-us 
(see next) +-acy;: cf. Browne’s zzzvocacy.] Equi- 
vocal character. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. ui. vii. 120 Againe, it is un- 
reasonable to ascribe the equivocacy of this forme unto the 
hatching of a Toade. 1847 in CraiG; and in mod. Dicts. 

Equivocal (kwivékal), @. and sd. Also 7 
equi-, sequivocall, 7-9 equivocal. [f. late L. 
xquivoc-us ambiguous (f. agzzs equal + voc-are to 
call) + -AL.] A. adj. 

+1. Equal or the same in name (with something 
else) but not in reality; having a name, without 
the qualities it implies; nominal. Ods. 

1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 12 This visible world 
is but a picture of the invisible, wherein, as in a pourtract, 
things are not truely, but in equivocall shapes. 1661 USsSHER 
Power Princes 1. (1683) 34 They being subject to the over- 
sight .. of the Ephori, were but equivocal Kings, such in 
name, but not in deed. 1744 BERKELEY S7ris. § 210 From 
the sun’s light, which is corporeal, there springs forth an- 
other equivocal light which is incorporeal. 

2. Of words, phrases, etc.: Having different 
significations equally appropriate or plausible; 
capable of double interpretation ; ambiguous. 

1601-2 Fuisecke 1st Pt. Parall. 68 Your libel .. should 
be certaine, and without ambiguous or equiuocall tearmes. 
1604 SHaAks. Oth, 1. iii. 217 These Sentences, to Sugar, or 
to Gall, Being strong on both sides, are Equiuocall. 1656 
Cow ey Pindar. Odes Note 47 These vast accounts arose 
from the zquivocal term of a Year among them. 1712 F. 
T. Shorthand 25 Even in Long-Hand oftentimes equivocal 
Abbreviations are often written. 1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. 
(1760) IV. 208 He .. takes care that his answers be so equi- 
vocal as always to secure him a retreat. 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) VI. 187 There was perhaps no word in the 
language of more equivocal effect than the word ov. 1868 
Guapstone ¥uv. Mundi vii. (1870) 184 To say .. that the 
Greek religion as it grew old improved .. would be to use 
equivocal and misleading language. 

b. Of evidence, manifestations, etc.: Of uncer- 
tain bearing or significance. 

1769 Funius Lett. xxvii. 126 Some .. less equivocal proofs 
of his munificence. 1794 SuLLivan View Nat. V. 87 No 
very equivocal symptom of antiquity. 1842 H. Rocrers 
Ess. 1, i. 3 An equivocal indication of merit. 2 

@. nonce-use. Of a person: Expressing himself 
in equivocal terms. 

r6or SHaxs. A//’s Weill v. iii. 249 As thou art a knaue 
and no knaue, what an equiuocall Companion is this? 

3. Of uncertain nature ; not admitting of being 
classified, ‘nondescript’. Zguzvocal generation: 
the (supposed) production of plants or animals 
without parents ; spontaneous generation. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydr.§& Gard. Cyrus 51 The Aquivocal 
production of things under undiscerned principles, makes 
a large of generation, 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr, 1. 
iv. § 2 orn by the same zquivocall generation that mice 
and frogs are from the impregnated slime of the earth. 1677 


EQUIVOCAS. 


Hate Prim. Orig. Man... ii. 306 Whether those imperfect 
or equivocal Animals were created or no, it is not altogether 
clear, 1724 Swirt Drapier’s Lett. vii, 1f any new ones 
[party and faction] spring up, they must be of equivocal 
generation, without any seed, 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) I. 
29 The sea was tinged .. with these equivocal substances. 
1796 C. MarsHa.t Garden. ii. 16 Equivocal generation we 
reject. 1830 Scorr Demonol. v. 143 The equivocal spirits 
called fairies. 1863 Lye, Antig. Man xx. 391 The old 
doctrine of equivocal or spontaneous generation, 

b. Of sentiments, etc.: Undecided, not deter- 
mined to either side. Chiefly in negative sen- 
tences, 

179t Burke Corr.(1844) III. 219, I am sure the sentiments 
of London were not equivocal. 1845 S. Austin Razke’s 
Hist. Ref. 1. 139 The equivocal and half hostile attitude 
he had assumed, 

e. Music. Zguzvocal chord: one which may be 
resolved into different keys without changing any 
of its tones. 

4. Ofadvantages, merits, etc.: Dubiously genuine, 
questionable. 

@1797 H. Watrote Mem. Geo. IIT (1845) I. ii. 19 A 
Churchman .. whose sanctity was as equivocal as their 
own. 1846 Prescotr Ferd. & Js. II. xix. 191 In the sci- 
ences their success was more equivocal. 1847 Disrarii 
Tancred u. vii, Without that equivocal luxury, a great 
country-house. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 159 To set 
a ae this equivocal gain, the Romans had lost 700 ships. 

. Of persons, callings, tendencies, etc.: Doubt- 
ful in character or reputation ; liable to unfayour- 
able comment or description; questionable ; sus- 
picious. 

1790 Burke /’y. Rev. Wks. V. 247, I shall always .. con- 
sider that liberty as very equivocal in her appearance, which 
has not wisdom and justice for her companions. 1831 
Lytton Godolph. 12 The equivocal mode of life he had 
entered upon, 1863 Geo. Etior Romola 11, xxi, The pre- 
parations for the equivocal guest. 

+B. sd. An equivocal word or term; a ho- 
monym. 

1653 Urquuart Radelais 1. ix, quivocals so absurd and 
witlesse that, etc. 1668 Witkins Real Char. 17 Great 
variety of Equivocals. So the word Bill signifies both a 
Weapon, a Bird’s Beak, and a written Scroul. 1715 Bent- 
LEY Ser. x. (1735) 360 The scandalous shifts of Equivocals 
and Mental Restrictions. @1734 Dewnis (J.), Shall two or 
three wretched equivocals have the force to corrupt us? 
1775 in Asu ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Equivocality (¢kwi:vokeliti). [f. prec. + 
-iry.] The quality or condition of being equi- 
vocal ; also concr. Something which is equivocal ; 
an equivoque. 

1734 tr. Rollin's Anc, Hist. (1827) 1. 58, I repeat it in 
Latin because the equivocality .. will not subsist. 1830 
Gart Lawrie T. vi. i. (1849)254 They interpreted her equi- 
vocalities, as she intended they should. 1847 /’raser’s 
Mag. XXXVI. 560 The conduct of Lady Hamilton and 
Nelson was .. guaranteed against equivocality by the fact 
of Sir William Hamilton’s station in life. 1881 Contenzp. 
Rev. June 889 Suggesting ideas by such equivocalities. 

Equivocally (¢kwi-vokali), adv. Also 6-7 
seq-. [f.as prec.+-LY2.] In an equivocal manner. 

+1. So as to have the name without the proper- 
ties implied in the name; nominally. Cf. Equi- 
VOCAL I. Obs. 

1579 Futke Heskins' Parl. 208 By flesh and bloud aqui- 
uocally, he vnderstandeth the sacrament of the flesh and 
bloud of Christe. @ 1619 FotHERBY A theom. 1. xiv. § 4 (1622) 
152 Which whosoeuer lacketh, he is not properly, but equi- 
uocally, a man. @1716 Soutx (J.), Words abstracted from 
their proper sense and signification, lose the nature of words, 
and are only equivocally so called. 

2. By equivocal generation. See EQuivocat a, 3. 

1645 WITHER Gt. Assises Parnass. 31-3 Reptiles, which 
are equivocally bred. 1828 Macautay JZisc. Writ. (1860) 
419 Those foul reptiles. .of filth and stench equivocally born. 
3. a. So as to admit of a twofold or manifold 
application, b. So as to convey 2 double mean- 
ing, ambiguously. 

a. 1630 Braruwait Eng. Gentl. (1641) 70 Vocation may be 
taken equivocally or univocally. ¢ 1790 Rein Lez. in Wks. 
I. 75/2 The same word may be applied to different things 
in three ways .. equivocally, when they have no relation 
but a common name, 

b. 1660 R. Coxe Yust. Vind. 39, 1 forgive Grotius in 
this, not having defined anything less equivocally. @1720 
Suerrietp (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) II. 153 She spoke 
equivocally. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia II. v. v. 551 They 
ithe instructions] were so equivocally worded. 

Equi'vocalness. [f. as prec.+-NESS.] The 
quality or condition of being equivocal. ¢ 

1647 Power of the Keys vi. 13 This is a mistake, arising 
from the equivocalnesse of the word. 1724 WATERLAND 
Athan. Creed 122 The equivocalness of the title gave a 
handle to those that came after to understand it of a form 
of faith composed by Athanasius. 1760 C. Jounston Chry- 
sal (1822) I, 30 The equivocalness of my character. 1878 
F. Taytor in Grove Dict, Mus. 1. 19 This method of wnit- 
ing merely substitutes a greater equivocalness for a less. 

+ Equivocant, @. Obs. [ad. L. xguzvocant- 
em, pr. pple. of agzudzvoc-are: see EQuivocatz.] 
Speaking equivocally. : 

1609 Hottanp Am. Marcel. xxmi. iv. 224 An answere 
by Oracle .. no lesse ambiguous and equivocant. 

+ Equivocas. Oés. [perh. the L. (verba) xgui- 
voca ‘equivocal words’, with an Eng. pl. ending.] 

cx400 Test, Love III. (1561) 31/2 Thus maie wille by 
terme of equivocas in three waies been understonde. 1775 
Asn, Eguivocas, an equivocation, Chaucer. 


EQUIVOCATE. 


Equivocate (ikwi'voket), sb. rare. [ad. L. 
wquivocat-um, neut. pa. pple. of xguivocare: see 
next.] A word identical in form but not in meaning. 

1881 Pall Mall G.11 June 21/1 The comic confusion le 
by the translator between the Latin adgeo and its Greek 


juivocate, 
“E uivocate (ékwi-vokeit), v. [f low L. wgui- 
voce ppl. stem of wquivocd-re to call by the 
same name, f. late 7 equivoc-us OTe, EQuivocaL. 
Cf. It. eguivocare, Fr. équivoguer. 

+1. intr. To have the same sound with. Obs. 

1611 Corcr. s.v. Promesse, The words fol lie equivocate 
vnto folie. Ibid. s.v. Sens, This word [Sens] .. equivocates 
with Cent, a hundred. , 

+2. trans. To resemble so closely as to occasion 
mistake. Obs. : 

31681 P. Rycaut Sf. Critick 120 Making Hell with these 


Sports and Pastimes equivocate a Paradise. bid. 158 
Such twins both in colour and bigness, that one equivocates 
the other. = 

+8. intr. To use a word in more than one ap- 
plication or sense ; to use words of double mean- 


ing ; to deal in ambiguities. Ods. _ 

id R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3), Eguivocate, to speake 
doubtfully. 1635 Austin Medit. 98 Hee doth not equivo- 
cate: but his meaning is, etc. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. 
N. T. 1 Cor, xv. Annot., To. .place those with the blessed 
Spirits, is but to equivocate, and not to use the Words uni- 
vocally. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) 111. 37 Either.. 
he meant according to the common Sense, or .. he intended 
to equivocate, i Res 

+b. trans. To misapprehend through ambiguity 
of language. Obs. 

1665 J. SERJEANT Suve-footing 207 To put the point of 
Faith out of danger of being equivocated. ki 

4. intr. In bad sense: ‘To mean one thing and 
express another’ (J.); to prevaricate. 

1590 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 102 Making it lawfull 
for them to zquivocate with their adversaries in their an- 
sweres. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iii. (1840) 84 It is 
enough if he does but equivocate, and tacitly grant it. 1832 
Hr. Martineau /reland v. 88 By sqiivecating, hesitating, 
and giving ambiguous answers, she effected her purpose. 
1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 379 The witness shuffled, 
equivocated, pretended to misun erstand the questions. 

+5. trans. @. To insinuate by equivocation. 
b. To evade (an oath, a promise) by equivocation. 

1626 L. OwEN Sfec. Fesuit, (1629) 20 To equiuocate and 
falsie their oaths and faiths, 1645 T. Hit. Olive-br. Peace 
(1648) 14 Though you will not swear (perhaps), God knows 
whether you will not equivocate a lye in your Trading. 
1646 Sir G. Buck Rich. ///, 142 He equivocated his Vow 
by a Mental Reservation. a@ 1649 Drumm. of Hawt. Wks. 
(1711) 201 When an oath .. should oblige you to arise in 
arms... ye .. endeavour now to make evasions and equi- 


vocate it. 
(ikwi-vokeitin), vl. sb. [f. 


Equivocating v 
prec. + -ING!.] e action of the verb Equivo- 


CATE ; prevarication. 

1606 St. Trials, H. Garnet (R.), This equivocating and 
lying is a kind of unchastity. ass Burnet Own Time 
(1766) 1. 146 An aequivocating. .that did not become a Prince. 

Equi-vocating, ppl.a. [f. as prec, + -ING?.] 
That equivocates, in senses of the verb. 

1645 Mitton Tetrach. Introd. (1851) 140 A late equivo- 
cating Treatise. 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 155 qui- 
vocating Fortune gave the Day To Cesar in the large 
Pharsalia. 1 (title), The Church of England not in 
Danger and What a Bifarious, equivocating, sort of Cant 
does Mr. Higginsemploy. 188r Miss Brappon A sph, IL, 
300 Her equivocating answer, 

Hence Equi-vocatingly adv. 

1652 GauLe Magastrom. 289 He answered zquivocat- 
ingly, that, etc. 1884 A. Forses Chinese Gordon ii. 92 
Bailey replied, equivocatingly, that he had heard so, 

Equivocation (zkwi:vokéi-fon). Forms: 4-6 
equivocacion(e, (4 equivocacoun, 5 equyoca- 
cion), 6-7 equivocation, 6- equivocation. 
[ad. late L. wguivocation-em, f. eguivocare: see 
Equivocate. Cf, Fr. éguivocation, Pr. equivo- 
catio, equivocacton, It. equt’ rone.] 

+1. The using (a word) in more than one sense; 
ambiguity or uncertainty of meaning in words ; 
also [cf, Sp. equdvocacion , misapprehension arising 
from the ambiguity of terms. Odés. 

€1380 Wycuir Serm. Sel. Wks. 1.61 Bi pis may we se hou 
argumentis gone awei bi equivocacion of wordis. 1413 
Lypc. Pilgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 73 Ye clepe seculum the 
world here abouen. what mene ye by this equ ion of 
that name? 1438-40 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 327 The oon of 
theyme is callede Tilis, and that other is callede Tile, leste 

uiuocacion of the names deceyve hym. 1533 More Con/fut. 
Tindale Wks. $3 /2 Here Tindall runneth in iuglinge, by 
equiuocacion of thys worde church, 1606 Hottanp Sueton, 
Annot. ro Playing upon the zquivocation or double sense of 
the word Dialis. 1656 Ben Israew Vind. Fud. in Phenix 
(1708) IL. 1409 That because of the Equivocation of the 

ord, they Id change it for ther. 1738-4: War- 
surton Div, Legat. mt. Aj Wks. (1811) III. 337 The second 
+. receives all its strength from an equivocation in the 
term, i, 1809-10 Coeripce Friend (1865) 23 It hides 
its deformity in an equivocation, or double meaning of the 
word truth, | 

b. Logic. As the equivalent of Gr. dpavupia: 
The fallacy which is committed when a term has 
different senses in the different members of a 
syllogism. 

1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. u. xiv. § 7 The t sophism of 
all soph ion or smbiguity of words and 


Pp being equi 


264 


ase. © Sin T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. iv. 13 The 

lacie of ASquivocation and Amphibologie, which conclude 
from the ambi, of some one word, or the 
sintaxis of many. 1870 Jevons Elem, Logic xx. 171. 
2. The use of words or expressions that 
ceptible of a double signification, with a view to 
mislead ; esf. the expression of a virtual falsehood 


the form of a which (in order to 
satisfy the 's conscience) is verbally true. 
iz 
Suaxs. Macd. v. v. 1..begin To doubt th’ Equi- 
er Fi Brste (Douay) 1 Kings xi. 
Comm., The men of Iabes deluded their enemies by xqui- 
vocation. 1627 i, His matter 
fram’d of slight equivocations, His very form was form’d of 
het  deoory Beorier Mgvoce 


men! reservations, @ 
That can the Subtle difference uivoca- 
raRDSON Pamela (1824) I. 113 


1642 R. Carrenter Experience m. vii. 76, I see there may 
be an equivocation committed, as well in manners as in 
words. 1681 CoLvi Whigs Supplic.(1751) To Rdr. 8 They 
eluded my vow by equivocation, putting gold unawares in 
the neck of my doublet, 

Equivocator —— [a. late L. egui- 
vocator, agent-n. f. egutvocdre: see EQUuIVOCATE 
and -oR.] One who equivocates. 

1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 102 The Iesuites are 
noted .. to be too hardie ao ipo 162x Burton Anat, 
Mel. 1. ii. 1. ii. (1676) 26/2 The second rank is of Lyars, and 
Op pameng y as Apollo Pythius, and the like. x Woop 
Ath, Oxon. 1. 304 He was..a iene an Equivocator. 
174 Ricnarpson Pameda (1824) I. xv. 25 You little equivo- 
cator ! What do you mean by hardly? 1864 J. H. Newman 
Afol. App. 76 But an equivocator uses them in a received 
sense, though there is another received sense. 

f. Equi- 


Equivocatory (zkwi-vkate-ri), a. 

VOCATE v.: see -ORY.] Indicating, or character- 
ized by, equivocation. 

18ax New Monthly Mag. 11. 326 The laugh obligato or 
— .. the laugh reluctant or equivocatory. 1847 in 

RAIG. 

+ E-quivoce, 2. Ods—° [ad. late L. wguivoc- 
us: see EQUIVOCAL.] = EQurivocaL. 

1483 Cath, Angl, 116 Equivoce; eguivocus, 

+ Equi-vocous, 2. Ods. £ late L. wguivoc-us 
(see EQuivocaL) + -ous.] = Equivocat. 

ryor G. Kertu Plain Discov. Falseh. 42, Many Sophisms 
are built on that very fallacy of equivocous Terms. 

+ Equi-vocy. Ods. vare—". [f. late L. agui- 
voc-us EQUIVOCAL: see -Y.] = EquivocaTion. 

1630 in T. Westcote Devon. 142 Thus Satan doth decieve 
us with equivocy. 

Equivoque, -voke (7‘kwi-, ekwivouk), a. and 
sb. Forms: (4 equivoc, 6 -ocke, equyuoke, 7 
equivok), 7-8 squivoque, (7 -voc, -voke), 7- 
equivoke, -que. [ad. L. wxguivocus:; see Equi- 
VOCAL. ] 

+ A. adj. = Equrvocat in various senses. Obs. 

31388 Wycur Prof. 59 Wordis equiuok, tat that hath 

ye 


manie significacions vndur oo lettre. 1574 LZ oth A bp. 
Canterb. To Rdr. D vij, Which name Lora), I chincke, is 
therefore equiuocke to a Market and courte, use in 


both all things are to be solde euen as in Rome. c 1650 
Brome Agst. Corrupted Sack (R.), Thou. .art a bastard got 
by th’ town By equivoque generation. 
+b. quasi-s, with pl. ending: Things (speci- 

fied) which are equivocal. Ods, 

134r R. Coprann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Manner 
Exam. Lazars Q ij, They that ought to iudge and approue 
them shulde ryght dylygently beholde theym & considre 
the vnyuoke sygnes and equyuokes also, 


. sb. 
+1. A thing which is called by the same name 


as something else. Ods. rd Gr. rape 

1899 Biunpevit Logic 13 Equiuokes be such t ings as 
haue one selfe name, and yet be diuers in su or 
definition: as a naturall dogge and a certaine starre in the 
firmament are both called by one name in Latine, Caxis, 
yet they be nothing like in sut kind, or 
1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 120/2 There is a 
treatise of AEquivokes under Xenophon’s name. 

2. An expression capable of more than one mean- 
ing; a play upon words, often of a humorous 
nature, a pun ; word-play, punning. 

1614 SevpeN Titles Hon. Bd 1619 Drumm. or Hawtn. 
Conv. B. Fonson Wks. 226 W. Alexander. .hath sextains.. 
echoes and equivoques, which he [Petrarch] hath not. 1729 
Swirt Corr, II. 632 Beyond the power of con tion. .or, to 
avoid an equivoque, beyond the extent of my ideas. ax 


Nortu Exam. u,v. § 47- (1749) 343 Here’s his old Ean 
voque 5 he means the King, Ministry and Loyal 
Party. wspin Libr. Comp. 589 Who mistook equi- 


ue, abuse, and impudence, for wit. 1834 Gentd. x 
cl \: 1. 219 The dialogue is .. enlivened tp ae facetions 
and amusing equivoque. 1866 Fetton Anc, § Mod. Gr. 11. 
xi. 476 Greeks consoled themselves as well as they 
could by the equivoque of the Bavarian and Barbarian, 

8. Ambignity of speech; double meaning in 
words or P Tases . Also transf. 

1809-10 niDGE Friend (ed. 3) 1. 202 The equivoque 
between an action and a series of motions, 1833 Herscuet 
Astron. xiii. 415 Confusion, owing to the equivoque between 
the lunar and calendar month. 1847 Lewes //ist. Philos. 
(1867) I. Introd. 23 And to avoid equivoque I shall use the 
words Metaphysical Philosophy. 1878 F, Harrison in 


eT e ee  e 


*. 


-ER. 
Fortn, Rev. Nov. ight is that idea which has 
iene yt: at tmihem ger en pr perme 


4. The use of words in a double meaning with 


“a Tela , tkwivoras [f£.L. 
i ), a. vare. [f. 
+ -vor-us Se anmtan see -VOROUS.] Feed. 
on horseflesh. 
Q. Rev., Equi 


Equivote : see Equi- pref. 
+ Er, conj. Obs. [contracted f. ME. eer, cider, 
OE. s#gber 


Tartars. 


be nie nede. Jdid. 219 On stede er ag ay 
mot er in er oni wise. 1389 in Eng. Gi. I 
Qwat brother or , be ie inlechele 
er mys-ese .. he 


Er, obs. form of Ere before, sooner. 

Er, obs. form of ARE: see BE v. 

-er, suffix, ME. -er(e, -ar(e, OE. -gre (ONorth- 
umb. often -a7e), forming sbs., resents W Ger. 
-dri:—OTeut. -drjo-z, whence OHG. -dri (MHG. 
-wre, mod.G, -er), and (with change of declen- 
sion) ON. -ari (Olcel. -are, later -ari, Sw. -are, 
Da. -ere). The related and functionally equivalent 
WGer. -ari (OS. -eri, Du. -er, OHG. -ar7, -erz, 
MUG. -ere) = Goth. -arets :—OTeut. type -arjo-2 
(which by phonetic law would prob. have become 
in OE. -erge, in ON. -77) has in OE. coalesced 
with this. The phonological relation between 
OTeut. -drjo-z and L. -drzus is obscure: Moller 
Zur ahd. Alliterationspoesie (1888) 142 es 
that -drjo-z originated in words adopted from 
Lat. words in -arius, and that -drjo-2 is either 
an accentual variant of this, or (possibly) repre- 
sents an OAryan type -orios. 

1. In its original use the suffix -@rjo-z was added 
(like L. -drius) to sbs., forming derivative sbs. 
with the general sense ‘a man who has to do 
with (the thing denoted by the primary sb.)’, and 
hence chiefly serving to designate persons accord- 
ing to their profession or occupation ; e.g. Goth. 
démareis, ON. démari judge, f. OTeut. *démo- 
judgement, Doom; Goth. bokareis, OE. bécere 
scribe, f, OTeut. *264- Book ; OHG. sangéri 
(mod.G, sénger), ON. spngare, OE. sangere (ME. 
songere) singer, f. OTeut. *sangwo- Sone. Of 
this type there are many acer Eng. forma- 
tions, e. g. hatter, slater, tinner. here the pri- 
mary sb. ends in -w:—ME. -3e:—OE. -ge, the 
suffix assumes the form -yer (in ME. -ere, -yere), 
as in dowyer, lawyer, er; and, either after 
the analogy of these or by assimilation to Fr. 
derivatives in -zer (see -ER*), it appears as -IER 
jn certain other words of ME, date, as drazier, 
clothier, collier, glazier, grasier, hosier. The Eng, 
words of this formation not iy | to profession 
or employment are comparatively few; exam les 
are bencher, cottager, outsider, villager. With 
may be compared a class of words chiefly belong- 
ing to mod, colloquial language, and denoting 
things or actions, as header, back-hander, , out~ 
and-outer, three-decker. A special use of the suffix, 
common to the mod. Teut. langs. though scarcely 
to be found in their older stages, is its addition to 
names of places or countries to ex! the sense 
a native of’, ‘a resident in’, e.g. doner, New 
Yorker, Icelander. With similar notion, deriva- 
tives in -er have been formed upon certain Eng. 
adjs. weeps: Soest of origin or residence, as 
Soreigner, nort , southerner. 

2. Most of the sbs. which in early Teutonic gave 
rise to derivatives in -drjo-2, also gave rise to wk. 
vbs. in jan or -éjan, to which the former stood 
related in sense as agent-nouns; thus Goth. dé- 
mareis judge, served as the agent-noun to démjan 
to judge. Hence, by analogy, the suffix came to 
be regarded as a formative of agent-nouns, and 
with this function it was added to verbal bases 
both of the weak and the strong es cco 
Many derivatives of this type existed alread 
OE., and many more have added in the later 

iods of the laaguict In mod. Eng. they may 
formed on vbs., excepting some of those 
which have agent-nouns ending in -or, and some 
———— oe ee by sbs. of 
ifferent on (e.g. corre. Pig sported ). 
The distinction between -er and -or as the ending 
ae is purely historical and ortho- 

i 


of 
cal; in the t spoken language they 
Se altho deonounoet (4s), eaoept that in law terms 


-ER. 


and in certain Lat. words not fully naturalized, -or 
is still sounded (gx). In received spelling, the 
choice between the two forms is often capricious, 
or determined by other than historical reasons. 
The agent-nouns belonging to vbs. f. L. ppl. stems, 
and to those formed with -aTxE, usually end in -o7, 
being partly adoptions from Lat., and partly as- 
similated to Lat. analogies. But when the sense is 
purely agential, without any added notion such as 
that of office, trade, or profession, function, etc., 
-er is often used ; cf. znspector, respecter ; projector, 
vejecter. In a few instances both forms of the 
agent-noun are still in current use, commonly 
without any corresponding distinction in sense, as 
asserter, assertor; sometimes with a distinction 
of technical and general sense (often however neg- 
lected) as accepter, acceptor. The Romanic -our, 
-or of agent-nouns has been in most cases replaced 
by -er where the related vb. exists in Eng.; ex- 
ceptions are governor, conjuror (for which -er also 
occurs) ; in special sense we have saviour, but in 
purely agential sense saver. In Jiar, beggar, the 
spelling -ay is a survival of the occasional ME. 
variant -ar(e. The agent-nouns in -ev normally 
denote personal agents (originally, only male per- 
sons, though this restriction is now wholly obso- 
lete); many of them, however, may be used to 
denote material agents, and hence also mere in- 
struments; e.g. blotter, cutter, poker, roller, etc. 

3. In several instances -ev has the appearance of 
being an unmeaning extension of earlier words 
ending in -ev denoting trades or offices. Most of 
these words are of Fr. origin, as caterer,  cyto- 
lerer (= CITOLER), +t fermerer, + feuterer, fruit- 
ever, poulterer; an analogous case in a native 
word is wzpholsterer. The real formation of these 
words is obscure: some are prob. from vbs., while 
in other cases formation on words in -ery may be 
conjectured. 

4. After the analogy of ASTROLOGER, ASTRO- 
NOMER (q. v.), the suffix -e~ is used to form sbs. 
serving as adaptations of L. types in -/ogés, -gra- 
phus ; e.g. chronologer, philologer, + theologer ; bio- 
es sea geographer, orthographer. 

Philosopher (in Chaucer and Gower always philoso‘phre) 
is perh. not a formation of this kind, as the » may be merely 
excrescent. In chorister, sophister, barrister (cf. ME. 


Jegistre) the -er is not a suffix, but results from an AF. sub- 
stitution of -7stve for -zste, perh. on the analogy of wecnistre. 


. -er 2, sefix, of various origin, occurring in sbs. 
and adjs. adopted from OF. 

1. ME. -er, repr. OF. -er:—L. -drem, -ar: see 
-aR. Nearly all the ME. words ending in -ev of 
this origin have been refashioned after Lat., so 
that the suffix is now written -av: see examples 
under -aR. The older form of the suffix is re- 
tained in samfler. 

2. ME. -er, a. AF. -er (OF. -zer) in sbs. which 
descend from L. forms in -d7zws, -drtum (see -ARY), 
or which were formed in Fr. after the analogy of 
those so descending. Where the L. type of the 
suffix is the masc. -dr7us, it has usually the sense 
‘a person connected with’, and the words are 
designations of office or occupation, as dzéler, 
carpenter, draper, grocer, mariner, officer. (So 
also in a few ME. adoptions of OF. fem. sbs. in 
-tere :—L. -dria, as chamberer, lavender.) Where 
the suffix represents the L, neuter -aium, the 
sense is ‘a thing connected with’, ‘a receptacle 
for’, as in antiphoner, danger, garner, etc. 

3. In mod.Eng. -er appears as a casual repre- 
sentative of various other suffixes of OF. origin 
which have been weakened in pronunciation to 
(a1); thus in border, bracer, it stands for OF. 
-éure (:—L. -dtiiram), commonly represented by 
-URE; in /aver it stands for OF. -éor, now -o7r (:—L. 
atorium), in ME. rendered -our. The agent-suffix 
-our (OF. -éor:—L. -dtorem) is now very often 
replaced by -e7; it can seldom be determined 
whether this is due to phonetic weakening, or to 
the substitution of -ERr! for its Romanic synonym. 
Where the same word had in 14th c. the two forms 
-our and -er(é, as chaungeour, changer, the former 
supposition is excluded ; but the forms in -e7(e may 
possibly sometimes be a. OF. nominative forms in 
-ere:—L,. -@tor. 

-er 3, suffix, the formative of the comparative 
degree in adjs. and advbs. 

A. In aajs. ME. -er, -ere (-ore, -ure), -re, OE. -ra 
(fem., neut. -ve) represents two different suffixes 
used in OTeut. to form the compar., viz.: -zzon- 
(Goth. -7za, OHG., OS. -zv0, ON. -77 with umlaut), 
and -ézon- (Goth. -éza, OHG. -éro, ON. -arz). 
These OTent. suffixes are f, the adverbial -2z, -dz: 

Vor. IT. 


265 


see B. In OE. only a few comparatives retained 
the umlaut which phonetic law requires in the 
-?zon- type; in mod. Eng. no forms with umlaut 
remain, except detter, elder (OE. betera, igldra), the 
comparatives being ordinarily formed by adding 
-er to the positive. The ‘irregular comparatives’ 
worse (OK. wiersa = Goth.. wairsiza) and less 
(OE, Zessa) contain the suffix -zzo2 in a disguised 
form, and the analogy of other comparatives has 
given rise to the extended forms worser and Jesser. 
In mod. Eng. the comparatives in -er are almost 
restricted to adjs. of one or two syllables; longer 
adjs., and also disyllables containing any suffix 
other than -y or -dy, having the periphrastic com- 
parison by means of the adv. more. Karlier writers, 
however, have deautifuller, eminenter, slavisher, 
etc.; a few modern writers, e.g. Carlyle, affect 
the same method. The periphrastic form is ad- 
missible (esp. in predicative use) for all adjs., even 
monosyllables, which are not extremely common 
colloquially. 

2. In hinder, inner, the comparative suffix, though 
in WGer. and ON. formally coincident with that 
treated above, is quite distinct in origin, repr. 
OTeut. -evon-, f. OAryan -ero-. 

B. In adverbs. The OE. form of the compara- 
tive suffix was -or, corresp. to OS., OHG. -ér, 
Goth. -és:—OTeut. -dz. OTeut. had also a suffix 
-2z with the same function, corresponding to L. 
-7s in magis, nimis, and cogn. with L. -zor of 
adjs.; it is represented by Goth. -zs, ON. -» with 
umlaut; in OE. by the umlaut in monosyllabic 
comparatives like /eng: —*langiz longer, bet :— 
*batts better, which died out in early ME., being 
superseded by the adj. forms. The relation be- 
tween the two OTeut. suffixes is much disputed : 
a widely-held hypothesis is that -éz is f. -é adver- 
bial suffix +-zz. The advbs. which take -ev in the 
comparative are chiefly those which are now iden- 
tical in form with adjs. (either repr. OE. advbs. in 
-e, or modern adverbial uses of the adj.): e.g. ‘to 
work harder’, ‘to stand closer’. Exceptional in- 
stances are oftener, seldomer, sooner. The advbs. 
in -Ly2 are now compared periphrastically with 
more, though in earlier writers the inflexional com- 
parison is common, e. g. easz/ier = more easily, ME. 
entierlocure = more entirely; in poetry it still 
occurs, as in Aeen/zer (Tennyson). 

-er, sufix 4, the ending of certain AF. infinitives 
used substantively as law terms, e.g. cesser, dis- 
claimer, misnomer, trover, user, waiver. Of similar 
origin is the ending in dinner, supper, a. OF. 
disner, soper. 

-er, sufix5, forming frequentative vbs. The 
vbs. of this formation which can be traced in OE. 
have the form -7zaz (:—OTeut. -réjan) ; e. g. cla- 
trian CUATTER, flotorian FuuTteR. The other 
Teut. langs. have many vbs. of this type, denoting 
repeated action ; often they are f. verbal bases, as 
MHG. wanderen = OE. wandrian WANDER, f. 
OTeut. *wandjan WEND, ON. vafra Waver, f. 
vafa=Wave v, ; sometimes app. on onomatopceic 
bases, as OHG, szwzarén = Twitter. Further 
examples in Eng. are batter, chatter, clamber, 
Jucker, glitter, mutter, patter, quaver, shimmer, 
shudder, slumber. 

Era (jeri). Also 7-9 era. [a. late L. ava 
fem. sing. ‘a number expressed in figures’ (see 
Forcellini, s.v.), prob. f. #7a counters used in 
-calculation, pl. of ws brass, money 

The chronological use of the word appears to have origi- 
nated in Spain; where (as also in Southern Gaul and North 
Africa) it is found in inscriptions prefixed to the number of 
years elapsed since 38 B. c., the selection of which as an initial 
year has not been satisfactorily explained. (Isidore of 
Seville in the 6th c. says that this was the year in which 
Augustus first ordered the taxation of Spain.) Thus ‘zra 
(oftener written eva) pxxxviu’ (=‘ No. 538’) meant the year 
500 A.D. This method of reckoning was in use from the sth 
to the 15th century, and Spanish Latin writers employed the 
word #ra as its specific designation. The phrase zva 
Hispanica, ‘ Saleh sora ”, suggested to the scholars of the 
Renascence the parallel expressions za Christiana, zra 
Varroniana, etc., in which the sb. had the generalized sense 
‘a reckoning of time from a particular epoch’, for which no 
term had previously existed in Latin.] 

1. A system of chronological notation, charac- 
terized by the numbering of years from some par- 
ticular point of time ; e.g. the Chrzstian, Common, 
or Vulgar era (see CHRISTIAN 7); eva of the 
Hegira (Hijrah), the Mohammedan era, reckoned 
from the year of Mohammed’s flight from Mecca ; 
era of Nabonassar, a Babylonian era, employed in 
astronomy, commencing 747 B.C.,etc., etc. These 
phrases are also frequently employed in sense 2. 


a 1646 J. Grecory Learned Tracts (1649) 164 Dionysius 
the Abbot. . brought in the Aira of Christ’s Incarnation, so 


4 


ERADIATE. 


that..the Christians did not use to reckon by the years of 
Christ, until the 532 of the Incarnation. 1650 Row //7s?. 
Kirk (1842) 504 They would begin their epocha or era from 
his comeing to Jerusalem. 1658 UssHer Anu. Ep. Rdr. 
That midnight which began the first day of the Christian 
vera, 1716 Pripeaux Connect. O. & N. T. 1. 1.1 The vulgar 
era, by which we now compute the years from his incar- 
nation. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 658 The computing 
of time by the Christian cra is introduced by Dionysius 
the monk. 1840 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 223 In the year 570 
of our Era., the man Mahomet was born, 1861 F. Haut 
in ¥rnl, Asiat. Soc. Bengal 149 A few words on the vexed 
subject of the Gupta era. 

2. The initial point assumed in a system of 
chronology; also, any date from which succeeding 
years are numbered ; = Epocu 1. 

1615 Bepwett Arad. Trudg., Tarich..is the same that 
Epocha is to the Greeks: or ra to the Latines. 1657 
Wuarton Wks. 49 The Greek Church numbereth from the 
Creation to Christ’s Era, 5508 compleat years. 1704 HEARNE 
Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 6 Afra is the same with Epocha, signi- 
fying..a fixed point among Historians whence to begin to 
reckon the Years. 1748 Harttey Olserv. Man ui. ii. 116 
When we come still farther to the Aera of Nabonassar. 1777 
Rosertson Hist, Amer. 1. 1. 10 About six hundred and four 
years before the Christian era. 1816 SinGreR Hist. Cards 
13 The 7thcentury before the present zra. 1853 HerscueL 
Pop. Lect. Sc. v.§ 12 (1873) 187 Some three centuries before 
our era. 

3. A date, or an event, which forms the com- 
mencement of a new period in the history of a 
nation, an ihstitution, individual, art or science, 
etc.; a memorable or important date. Cf. Epocu 2. 

1703 Rowe Fair Penit. u. i. 488 From this sacred Era of 
my Love A better order of succeeding Days Come smiling 
forward. 1765 T. Hurcuinson /7st. Col. Mass. 1. 90 [The 
earthquake of 1638] was a remarkable era. 1787 J. Bartow 
Oration 4th Fuly 6 This single circumstance. .will..mark it 
[the American revolution] as a distinguished zra in the 
history of mankind. _ 1851 Dixon W.. Penn xxiv. (1872) 210 
‘The landing of this English Governor was an era in their 
lives, 1867 FreeMAN Norv. Cong. (1876) I. vi. 419 This 
same year a Witenagemot was held, which marks an ra in 
the reign of Cnut. 

+b. Date of origin; = Epocu 2 b. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psenud. Ep. 1v.ix.199 And it will evi- 
dently appeare, that custome hath an elder Afra then this 
Chronologie affordeth. 

4. A historical period; a portion of historical 
time marked by the continuance throughout it of 


particular influences, social conditions, etc. Cf. 
EPocH 5. 
1741 MippLeton Cicero I. 1. 12 This era ofjoy. 1758 H. 


Watrote Catad. Roy. Authors (1759) 1. Advt. 2 The polished 
zra of Queen Anne! @ 1789 Burney Hist. Mus, (ed. 2) 
IV. i. 21 The beginning of this century (1600) was the zra 
of musical recitation on the public stage at Florence. 1809 
Pinkney Trav. France 106 Gallantry is..as much in fashion 
«.as in the most corrupt zwra of the monarchy. 1858 
Kincstey Let?t, (1878) I. 399, Icannot but hope that a better 
intellectual era is dawning for the working men. 

b. A period in an individual’s life, or in the 
history of any continuous process; = Epocu 5 b. 
In Geology sometimes with more specific sense : 
see EPOCH 5 c. 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 341 In autumn, after harvest, 
that gladsome era in the husbandman’s life. 1809 CrasBe 
Tales 63 Felt the new era of her changeful life. 1839 Mur- 
cuison Szlur. Syst. 1. Introd. 11 The wra when the newly- 
raised surface was first occupied by lakes. 1870 F. Witson 
Ch. Lindisf. 95 It belongs to the worst era of architecture. 

5. The portion of historical time to which an 
event is to be assigned; the approximate date, 
‘period’, ‘epoch’ of an event, of a monument, 
etc. 

1714 ManveviLLe Fad, Bees (1733) I. 132 Many useful 
arts and sciences, of which the beginnings are of uncertain 
zra’s. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. I. 261 The pillar stands .. 
its parts .. betray a difference in their zra. 1819 Byron 
Suan. cxxi, "Twas in November, but I’m not so sure About 
the day—the era’s more obscure. 

6. attrib., as era-date. 

1758 W. Tuomrson Hymn to May 242 Ne rueful murder 
stain thy zra-date. 

Erable, var. of EARABLE a., Ods., arable. 

Eyrace, obs. variant of ERASE. 

+ Era‘cinate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. OF. e7-, 
esraciner (f. es- (see Es-) + racine root) + -ATE, 
See -ATE3 6.] trans. To root out; to remove. 

1758 J. S. tr. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) 201 The 
whole Piece was eracinated. 

+ Evade, v. Ods. [ad. L. éradéve to scrape off, 
f. 2 out + vadére to scrape, scratch. Cf. Erase] 
trans. To scrape off. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou’s Disp. 85 Then must the scum be 
..eraded and separated. 

Eradiate (ér2'-dijett),v. [f. L. Zout + RapraTe.] 

1. intr. To shoot forth, as rays of light. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul Notes 139/2 A kind of life 
eradiating and resulting both from Intellect and Psyche. 
1828 in WEBSTER ; and in mod. Dicts. 

+2. trans. To give forth like rays, or in rays. 

1678 Cupwortu /ntell, Syst. 252 Proclus concludes, that 
the World was..always Generated or Eradiated from God, 
and therefore must needs be Eternal. 1694 Norris Re/?. 
Ess. Hum. Und. 24 Let him..tell me how any Body can 
eradiate such an inconceivable Number of these Effluvias. 
1794 J. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 87 Bodies, far below the 
heat of incandescence, eradiate a species of light. 

34 


ERADIATION. 


Eradiation (/rzi:dijz-fon), Also 7 erradia- 
tion. [f. prec. : see -ATION. 

1, The action or process o} ene & aa 
forth ; the emission of rays of light or 

T. Apams Exp. 2 Peter iii. 18 The first eradiation of 
this light, like some flash of lightning, breaks the stone in 
the heart. 1686 Goap Celest. Bodies 11, xii. 331 Neither 
must we Imagine his Erradiation to be Idle. 1794 SULLIVAN 
View Nat. 1. 139 But, whether it comes directly from the 
sun, by successive emissions or eradiations, etc. 1865 F. P. 
B. Martin MS. Lect. Geol., The attraction of the sun in- 
creases the Eradiation of the Earth, 

b. transf. and fig. 

1630 Hates Gold. Rem. (1673) 1. 288 He first su} h 
some eradiation and emanation of Spirit ..to be directed 
from our bodies to the blood dro; from it. 1678 Cup- 
wortu Jntell. Syst. 252 They will not understand what 
manner of making or production the world had—to wit, by 
way of effulgency or eradiation from the Deity. 

2. concr. : : 

1678 CupwortH Jntel?. Syst. 744 As if they were a kind of 
Eternal Effulgency, Emanation or Eradiation from an 
Eternal Sun. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) III. 172 
He is in his proportion..an Effulgency, an Eradiation of 
God’s Glory. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. (1864) L. 1. i. 51 All 
the rest acknowledged some Deity, some efflux, eradiation, 
emanation of the primal Godhead. 

Eradicable (redikab’l), a. [f. L. &radic-are 
(see ERADICATE v.) + -ABLE.] Capable of being 


eradicated. 

1847 in Craic. 1865 Cornh. Mag. X1. 547 Even rage and 
hate. .are eradicable, as most systems of ethics have assumed. 

+ Era‘dicat(e, pa. pple. Obs. [ad. L. eradicat- 
us, pa. pple. of éradicare; see next.] Equivalent 
to the later ERADICATED, 

1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 14 Heresie, shulde. .vtterly 
be abhorred, detested, and eradicate. 1 Lauper 7 rac- 
tate 124 And 3o0ur successioun thay sall Eradicat frome 
jour ryngs [= reigns, kingdoms]. 

mo dinate (tredikeit), v. Also 7 irradi- 
eate. [f. L. éradicat- ppl. stem of éradicare, f. 
L. é out + radic-em, nom. radix root.] 

1. ¢rans. To pull or tear up by the roots; to 
root out (a tree, plant, or anything that is spoken 
of as having ‘ roots’). 

1564-78 Buttryn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 48 And tothe 
places aboute the rootes of the carbuncle round about it, 
this is good both to eradicate & defend the same. 1599 
A.M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 44/2 Till such time, as 
they [hayre] be wholye eradicated, and rootede out. 1635 
Nasses Hannibal & Sc. (1637) K iij, Okes eradicated Bya 
prodigious whirlwind. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 213 
Cauly-flowers over-speeding to pome and lead..should be 
quite eradicated. a 1674 CLarENDON Surv. Leviath, (1676) 
11r To demolish all Buildings, eradicate all Plantations. 
1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s. v. Infirmities of Trees, Such 
[Weeds] as can be eradicated must be diligently pluck’d 
up by the Hands. 1860 tr. Hartwig’s Sea & Wond. vi. 73 
Huge weapons, fit for eradicating trees. 1871 Darwin Desc. 
Man II. xix. 348 The Indians of Paraguay eradicate their 

eyebrows and eyelashes. 

2. To remove entirely, extirpate, get rid of. 

1647-8 CotTERELL Davila’s Hist. Fr. (1678) 35 To see the 
seeds of those discords eradicated. 1656 Ear Mono. Advt. 
Jr. Parnass. 49 Totally to irradicate all vertue from out his 
subjects souls. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz’ Surg. m. viii. 240 
Without Chymical preparations congealed bloud will not be 
eradicated out of the body. 1784 Cowper Jask v. 437 
That man should thus encroach on fellow man. .Eradicate 
him..Moves indignation, 1 Rew Act. Powers 1. m1. 
iii, All desires and fears, with regard to things not in our 
power, ought to be totally eradicated. 1857 Hucnrs Tom 
Brown Pref. (1871) 13 By eradicating mercilessly the in- 
corrigible. 1869 Lecxy Europ. Mor. Il. i. 102 Laws of 
the most savage cruelty were passed in hopes of eradicating 
mendicancy, 


+ 3. Math. To extract the (square) root of (a 
number). Ods. 

1610 W. Fotkincuam Art of Survey u, viii. 61 Eradicate 
the ductat of the said mediatie and remainders, 

4] Misused for IRRADICATE. 

1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. 14 Seeds and plants sown 
and eradicated in the ground. 

Eradicated (‘re‘dike'téd), f/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED!.] Rooted ont. 

166 Moran Sph. Gentry 1. viii. 118 Assailing him with 
Firre-Trees eradicated. 1775 in Asn. 

b. Her. (See quot. 1864.) 

1708 J, CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit, u. ut. x. (1743) 429 A 
large square plate of silver enamelled azure into an -tree 
eradicated and fructed. 1809 J. Home in Naval Chron, 
XXIV. 193 On oak tree vert, eradicated proper. 1864 
Boute.t Heraldry Hist. §& Pop. xi. 70 [Trees] if having 
their roots scan {are] eradicated. 

ating (/redikeitin), vd/. sd. [f. as prec, 
+-ING1] The action of the verb ERaDIcaTE, 

a 1660 Hammonp Ws. IV, 589(R.) The eradicating of any 
other enemies of God. Evetyn Pomona vi. (1729) 69 
Sudden irradicating of Trees for an early Transplantation. 

Eradicating (‘re‘dikeitin), A/.a. [f. as prec. 
+-InG?.] That eradicates, extirpates, etc. 

1628 Layton Syons Plea (ed. 2) Ep. Ded., Consultation .. 
can do no good without reall and in some thin; di 


- 1859 I. 38 This st 
evil by importation, leaving to future efforts its final 


eradication. 
Eradicative (fredikativ), a. and sd, [f. L. 
éradicat- (see ERADICATE 2.) + -IVE.] 
A. adj. Tending or having the power to root 
out or expel (disease, etc.). Const. of, 
+ Eradicative cure: orig. the ‘curative’ treatment of 
disease, as opposed to faliiative. In later use the phrase 


occurs with cure taken in the mod. sense. 
tr. Bonet’s 


1654 WuitTLock Zootomia 88 Sometimes Eradicatives are 
omitted in the beginning. 1731-1800 in Baitey. 1828 in 
Wesster. 1847 in CraiGc; and in mod. Dicts. 

Eradicator (re‘dikeitez). [agent-n. f. Era- 
DICATE after Lat. analogies: see -OR.] 

a. One who, or that which, roots up or removes 
utterly. b. An agricultural or horticultural im- 
plement for uprooting. 

1659 R. GeLt Amendm. Bible 58 Sihon is eradicator, that 
evil spirit that endeavours to root up all the plants of 
righteousness. 1807 A. YounG Agric. Essex (1813) I. 148 
Eradicator .. an implement. 1881 Salem (U.S.) Gaz. 10 
June 1/4 Fogg’s iron rust eradicator. 

Eradicatory (/redikatari), a. [f. as prec. + 
-oRY.] Tending to eradicate, root out, or destroy, 

180r W. TayLor in Monthly Mag. XII. 578 Unfeelingly 
eradicatory of the domestic charities. 

+ Er-a‘ftur, conj. Obs. [? f. er =Ever + AFTER.] 
According as. 

> in O. E. Misc. App. 225 Lasse or more schal he 
be deruet Er-aftur he hap heer deseruet. 

Eral (ioral), a. [f Era+-au.] Of or 
pertaining to an era. 

1861 F. Hatt in Frn/. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 16 No Hindu 
date, op gia by the particularity at last amended, 
is available for eral determination. 

+E-vrament. Ods. [ad. L. evament-um that is 
prepared from copper or bronze.] Copper. 

x623 in CockeRAM. 

[Branc, error or misprint for cranoc, CRANNOCK, 

1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. u. 167; cf. 175.] 

Brand (e, obs. form of ERRAND. 

Erane, variant of ARAIN, Oés., spider. 

Eranist (e'ranist). [ad. Gr. épanarns, f. épavos 
a meal to which each contributes his share, a con- 
tribution, also a club.] In Greece : A member of 
an €pavos or club. 

1825 New Monthly Mag. XIII. 220 Eranists, who might 
be called joint-stock companies for trade. 1 Contemp. 
Rev. Xx. 569 By partaking of the banquets of the eranists 
a man rendered himself .. a member of a brotherhood. 

|| Eranthemum (ere‘np‘mim). Bot. [mod.L., 
ad. Gr. jpavOenov (Dioscor.), f. ip = éap spring + 
avepnov blossom, flower.] 

+1. ‘The Herb Camomile’ (Kersey 1715). Obs, 

2. ‘A widely distributed genus of Acanthacew, 
containing nearly 50 species’ (7yeas. Bot.). 

1882 Garden 21 Jan. 37/2 Much resembling some of the 
Eranthemum, and, like ‘lcm, flowering during winter, 

Erany(e, var. of ARAIN, Ods., spider. 

Erasable (irZ\'sib’l), a. - next + -ABLE.] 
That can be erased or obliterated. 

1849 Fraser's Mag. XL. 516 Not so easily erasable from 
thy heart. 

Erase (‘r2''s), v. Also (5 irrase, 7 ereaze), 
7-8 erace, -aze. [f. L. érds- ppl. stem of éradéve, 
f. 2 out + radére to scrape, scratch. (In some early 
examples perh. a variant of ARACE to uproot.)] 

1. “rans. To scrape or rub out (anything written, 
engraved, etc.) ; to efface, expunge, obliterate. 

Camven Rem, (1637) 154 The names were out 
of the publick Records. 1632 G. Fiercner Christ's Vict, 
1. vii, Lest it should quite erace That from the world, whi 
was the first world’s a 1762-71 H. WALPoLe Vertue's 

ot 


vare. 


ERASTIAN. 


Lp. Preston Boeth. 1. 37 My Griefs have dulled 

eras’d almost Rete | out of it, s. 
gh the iron school 
Inq. I. ii, 58 The effect of a blow..has been..to erase from 
the the 


, memory events tely preceded the 
accident. a 1862 Buck.e Civi/iz. (1869) lik 18 Erasing 
those ian which he 


from his view of h Pp 

had already handled. 
3. transf. To utterly. vare. 
Ce Soa tige ti 

ruin’ irgi 

not with the Grecks af Aulis swom To‘erase the ‘Trojan 
Erased (?rz‘st, -zd), s#/. a. [f. prec. + -ED1. 
1. In senses of the we ip 1 


1848 W. H. Ketty tr, Z, Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. 1. 331 
Dupont de I’Eure. .repaired to the king, and told him itthe 
erased were not restored he would resign. 

2. Her. +a. (see quot.). Obs. 

1486 Bk. St. Alban’s, Her. Dij b, Certan armys. .ar called 
quarterit armys irrasit, for the colouris be rasit owt as oon 
coloure in rasyng ware take away from an othir. 

b. Of the head, body, or other part of an animal; 

Represented with a jagged edge, as if torn vio- 
lently off. 

1572 Bossewett Armorie u, 117, lij Griphons head 
anaed de Argent. ay Lond. Tia oi 1208/4 ‘Three 
Bears heads erased in Chief. 1823 Rutrer Fonthill p. 
xxii, ch ger 3 — somes st the neck, Argent. 

trans. UTLER ', 11. iii. 27 a J out through 

, Straiter Holes by th’ Ears, Eras’d, or p'd for Perjurers, 
mt (/rz'smént). [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 

The action of erasing ; obliteration ; total demoli- 

tion (of cities). 

1721 Baitey, Evasement, a blotting or dashing out. 1753 
Warp Rom. Inscr. in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 345 There are 
.-no traces of the word sva now remaining ;..which makes 
me suspect, there has beenanerasement. 1769 Genti. Mag. 
Jan. 52/1 The Grand ury’s erasement of the words aidin, 
and assisting. 18:2 BarcLay, Erasement, applied to build- 
od and cities, entire destruction and demolition. 
Blackw, Mag. XLII. 749 Not on Russia alone does the 
guilt of her erasement from the book of nations rest. 

Eraser (/réi'sax). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One 
who, or that which, erases; any instrument used to 
erase written characters, blots, etc. Cf. ink-eraser. 

In mod. Dicts. 

Erasing ain ba vl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING@1,] 
a. The action of the verb Erase. b. Her. See 
quot. and ERASED. 

1610 Guittmm Her. m. xiii. 125 When any part is thus 
born with ligges, like of the flesh or skinne, depend- 


ing, it is termed erasing. 1775 in AsH. 

, helt ping (fré-zan). rare. [n. of action f. L. 
éras-: see ERask and -10on.] a. The action of 
erasing; b. an instance of it. 

T 


‘orson Lett. to Travis 388 Such a piece of fraud as 
the — of a n : wy om ye 1 Sep. 
reer use erasion in 

inna recommnended, 1889 Catholic Union Gaz, Bec, o6 
The rules revised, in which occur the erasions we complain of, 

Era‘sive, a. vare— . [f. as Erase + -IVE.] 
That tends to erase or obliterate. 

1657 Tomuinson Renou’s Disp. 298 A cyperus, which. .is 
erasive, if illited on a 

Erasmian (/rze‘zmiin), a. and sd. [f. Zrasm-us 
the literary name of an eminent lar of the 
16th c. +-IAN.] 

A. adj. Pertaining to, or after the manner of, 
Erasmus. 

188: Potter in Critic 10 Sept. 240 Daudet listened to 
Soe cock yee rushed howling through 
the / 

B. P's A follower of Erasmus; one who holds 
the views of Erasmus. b. One who follows the 
system of ancient Greek pronunciation advocated 
by Erasmus: opposed to Reuchlinian, 

A. F. Mrrcnett in Schaff Zncycl. Relig. Knowl. 11, 
938 t this date he [Patrick Hamilton] was probably more 

an Erasmian than a Lu 1% 

Hence Era‘smianism, the doctrines or religious 
system of Erasmus. 

a Erasm. 1, 616 Here and there he smells a 
litt! Erasmianism. 

Erast, obs. form of Erst. 

Erastian (/re'stiin), a. and sd, [f. Zrast-us 
+-IAN.) 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to Erastus or his doc- 
trines, characterized by or embodying the tenets 
attributed to Erastus. 

of Heidelberg in the 


ing Reformation. 1667 Warernouse Fire Lond. 4 Greater 
and more eradicating judgements, 1775 in Asn. 1879 
Escort England Il, 498 The convict taint has outli 


the r) 

Eradication (/re:dikz'fon). Also 6 -cion. 

ay L. éradication-em, n. of action f. eradicare, 
ERADICATE v.] The action of pulling out by 


the roots; total destruction ; extirpation, 


. Paint. Erastus, or Liebler, was a physician 
eae : ae a ety eg ds 16th cent., to whom has been attributed the of State 
Notes (ed, 12) 340 A letter is erased at the end of the word. | supremacy in ecclesiastical affairs, His actual ef Be 
1826 Scorr Woodst. i, Erasing, as far as they could be | mainly directed against the use a 
erased, all traces of its ancient fame. 1858 Greener G: was yranni r! the Calvinistic ¢ ye el 
248 Every person fraudulently erasing..from an tae, Hattam Hist. Lit. mt. ii. § This is yt 
ike ten teskeadls af Ge Yiteen of Contetes aati ood apres fo of the workdly ‘and Erastian 
gee Sapir erie adcnmpreaers element in the Church consequent on the secession of the 
trans. 1860 pny oie I, xxvii. 198 The snow had pa ens camo cag os Contemp. Rev, June 4, 1 
ti rased it [the stem termed 
"a In selina use. B. sb. An adherent of the (supposed) doctrines 
x Guevis Fr, Rev. 1. 1. vi of Erastus; one who maintains the complete 


Thi which lie very 
black in our Earth’s Annals, yet which will not erase there- 
fi 


‘2. fie. To efface, obliterate from the mind or 
memory. 


subordination of the ecclesiastical to the secular 


power. 
16st Baxter /uf. Baft. 228 He 


was far from an 
Erastian, 1661 Serw. Coronat. Chas. 11 in Phenix 1, 256 


~~ 


ERASURE. 


Erastians are more dangerous Snares to Kings than Sec- 
taries. .and are Great Enemies to Presbyterian Government. 
1721-1800 in Battey. 1876 Grapstone in Contemp. Rev. 
ll 4 Many most respectable persons have been. . Erastians. 

Hence Era‘stianism, the theory or system of 
Erastus. Era‘stianize v. a. trans. To organize 
(a church) on Erastian principles. b. zz¢r. To in- 
cline to Erastian principles. Era‘stianizing £//.c. 

1681 Baxter Acc. Sherlocke iii. 181 Many were inclined 
to Erastianism hereby. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) V. 
Ixvi. 49 Their submission. .was stigmatised as erastianism. 
1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. II. 309 The theory of an Angli- 
can Erastianism Gonnd” favour with some of the higher 
church dignitaries. 1850 J. H. Newman Défic. Anglic. 


153 Its Erastianizing Bishops. 
‘erasure (tréi-zittz). [f. as ERASE +-URE.] 


1. The action of a, or obliterating. 

1755 Younc Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 IV. 277 The desperate 
erasure of his Christian name. 1817 W. SeLwyn Law Nisé 
Prius U1. 825 The devise to the trustees was not revoked by 
the erasure. 1836 J. Gitsert Chr. A tonem. ii. (1852) 31 To 
select a part [of a book] which we may wep) fe to approve, 
and by evasive arts to effect the erasure of the other part. 
186 May Const. Hist. (1863) I. i. 24 The erasure of his 
name from the list of privy councillors, 

b. An instance of erasing or obliterating. 

1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 1. 239 A good per- 
formance is not to be expected without many erasures and 
corrections. 1817 CoLEripce Biog. Lit. 183 If the number 
of these fancied erasures did not startle him. 1858 Lp. Sr. 
Leonarvs Handy Bk. Prop. Law xix. 146 The erasure was 
not made by the testator with an intention to revoke his will. 

2. concr, The place where a word or letter has 
been erased or obliterated. 

Mod. The word was written over an erasure. 

3. Total destruction; ‘ is gee out’. rare. 

at Grsson (O.), Erasure of cities. 1851 D. Witson 
Preh, Ann. II. w. iv. 267 Repeated destruction of the settle- 
ments and erasure of the accompanying progress of arts. 

Brayne, var. of ARAIN, Ods., spider. 

Erbage, Erbare, obs. ff. HerBacr, ARBOUR. 

Erbbe, erbe, obs. forms of Hers, 

Erber, early form of ArBER, Ods, 

Erber, obs. form of ArBour. 

Erbia (5-1bia). Chem. [mod.Lat., f. last two 
syllables of Ytterby, the locality of gadolinite, in 
which it occurs.] One of the three earths for- 
merly confounded under the general name Yrrria. 

1869 ‘URBAN’ in Eng. Mech. 10 Dec. 303/3 Erbia..is a 
brown powder, discovered by Mosander, 25 years back, in 
gadolinite. 1873 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 382 Erbia, ob- 
tained by ignition of erbium nitrate or oxalate, has a faint 
rose colour. 

Erbigage, obs. form of HARBOURAGE. 

Erbium (Ssbiim). [mod.Lat., f. Erpia, as 
sodium f{, soda, etc.] The metallic radical of erbia. 

1843 Chemist I. 446 [Mosander’s] close examination of 
Yttria has led him to discover..two oxides, to which he has 
given the names terbium and erbium. 1873 Warts Fownes’ 
Chem. 382 Erbium and yttrium, are again precipitated by 
oxalic acid. 

Ercebishop, -dekne, obs. ff. ARCHBISHOP, 
~DEACON, 

Erch, v.1 Ods., var. exgh, ARGH v. Sc. to be un- 
willing, hesitate. 

1s. Carmicnaen Le?t. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 428 
Paul Methven heard him, and came not to the ministers 
while Thursday at morn, and erched to tell them that. 

+ Erch, v.2 Ods. rarve—}. 

r60r Hottann Pliny 1x. xx. I. 247 Lampries..erch forward 
like as Serpents doe vpon the earth. 

Erche-, obs. form of ArcH-. 

+ Ercheve'sque. 00s. vare-'. [a. OF. arch- 
evesque (mod.F, archevégque), repr. late L. archz- 
episcopus.| = ARCHBISHOP. 

2ax1400 Morte Arth. 67 At Carlelele a Cristynmese he 
haldes..Wyth erles and ercheuesges and other ynowe. 

+ Erd, sb. Obs. Forms: 1-2 eard, 2-4 erd(e, 
3 erd, ard, eerd, 3-4 herd, 4 ertd. [OE. card 
masc., is cogn. w. OS. ard masc. ‘ dwelling’, OHG. 
art fem. ‘ ploughing’, ON. 678 fem. ‘harvest’ :— 
OTeut. *ardu-z, ardé, prob. f. WAryan root *ar to 
plough. For the sense cf. OE. d:/ax to cultivate, 
inhabit.] 

1. The land where one dwells; native land, 
home; a region, country. 

Beowulf 2654 (Gr.) We rondas beren eft to earde. c¢ 1000 
Ags. Ps, ciii. 11 [civ. 12] (Gr.) Ofer heofonfugelas healdad 
eardas. cx1x75 Lamb. Hom. 13 Eower burh heo forbernad 
-. and eard heo am . ¢%205 Lay. 29175 Inne France 
wes his erd. c 1250 Gex. & Ex. 210 Paradis, An erd al ful 
of swete blis. @ 1300 Cursor M, 12382 (Cott.) Til bai had 
geten pair herd a-gain. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 1808, 1 am 

ere [on] an erande in erdez vncoube. 

2. In OE.: ? State, condition. Hence (in ME.), 
disposition, temper. 

With the ME. use cf. MHG. art masc., fem., mod. G. art 
fem. ‘ manner, disposition’, which, however, Kluge regards 
as prob. of distinct etymology, 

ax000 Hymns vii. 97 (Gr.) Par man us tyhhad on deg 
twegen eardas, Drih are 0dde deofles p t. C1314 
Guy Warw. (A.) 2988 Wip pat come forp an amireld, A 

n of wicked erd. ¢1340 Cursor M. 11973 (Fairf.) 
bo pat was meke of erde kepped no3t to make his moder 
fe: 


3. Comb. + ghey: ng of the land. 
erase Gen. § Ex, 1880 sente on dat erdfolc swilc dred. 


267 


+Evrde, v. Os. Forms: 1 eardian, 2-3 
erde(n. [OE. eardianx (=OHG. artén to inhabit), 
f. card, ERD sb.] 

1. intr. To dwell, live. 

¢893 K. AELFRED Oreos. 1. i. 18 On bem morum eardiad 
Finnas. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. ii. 23 And he com ba and 
eardode on bere ceastre de is genemned nazareth. c 1175 
Lamb, Hom. 89 Trowfeste men of elchere peode bet under 
heofene erdeden. c 1230 Hali Meid. 43 Ha ne muhen nawt 
somen earden in heuene. a1300 Z. £. Psalter xxi. 4 [xxii 
3] Pou soth-lik in haligh wel Erdest, loof of Israel. c 1400 
Destr. Troy 4233 To the yle pere Appolyn erdis with in. 

b. To be or to be found; to exist in a certain 
place, or in a certain condition. 

¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 923 Pisstone..Is erdand in Judé. Jéid. 
7128 Folk..entryd full Esely, erdyng in sorow. 

2. trans. To inhabit. 

Paget et (Gr.) Se mera maga Eczdeowes sceolde.. 
wic eardian elles hwergen. a1300 E. £. Psalter xxiv. 
[xv.] 13 His sede erde pe land sal swa. 

Erd(e, etc., obs. forms of Earru, etc. 

Erdene, obs. form of ERRAND. 

+ Evrding, 52. Oss. Also 1 earding. [f. 
Erve v. + -1NG1.] Abode, dwelling. Also in 
comb. erding-stow, dwelling-place. 

@ 1000 Ags. Ps. cvi. 3 [cvii. 4] (Gr.) Ne meahton ceastre 
weg cudne mittan, pe hi eardunge on zenaman. ¢ 1000 Ags. 
Gosp. Matt. xvii. 4 Drihten .. syf bu wylt, uton wyrcean 
her preo eardung-stowa. cx1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 159 Ure 
louerd iesu crist giue hem. .echeliche erding and blisse on 
heuene. @ 1250 Ow/ § Night. 28 On old stoc..was thare ule 
earding-stowe. 

Erdne, obs. form of ERRAND. 

Ere, sb. pseudo-arch. rare—'. (See quot.) 

1866 Sir G. W. Dasent Gis/i 23 They went out of their 
booth to the point of the ‘ere’ [ footnote, ‘ Ere’ old English 
for a sandy spit of land ; from the Icelandic eyri]. 

Ere (é°1), adv., prep. and conj. Forms: a. 1-3 
er, (3 ere), 1-6 er, 3-4 her, (3 heer), 4-5 eer(e, 
(3 ewer, 4 eir, 5 eyer), 2-6 ear(e, 8-9 Sc. ear, 
3-6 ar(e, 4 aar, 4-5 ayr(e, 4-9 Sc. air(e (see AIR 
adv.), (8 erron. e’er), 4-ere. B. 3-7 (9 arch.) or, 
3-5 ore. yy. 4-5 3er(e, 6-7 yeer, yer. [OE. #7, 
corresp. to OFris., OS. év (MDnu. eer, ée, ce, Du. 
eer), OHG. ér (MHG., é7, @, mod.G. eher, ehe), 
Goth. azr7s:—OTeut. *azv7z, compar. degree of *az 
(Goth. azr, ON. dr) adv., early. Some have sug- 
gested ultimate connexion with Gr. pi- early in 
the morning. See also ErER and Ersv. 

The ME. spellings av(e and ore partly represent ON. dy 
(or an unrecorded OE. *ér without umlaut), and partly arise 
from #y through loss of stress.) 


A. adv, 

1. Used as positive. a. in OE. (late WS.) : Early, 
at an early hour; b. since 15th c. only Sc. (forms 
air, ear); Early, soon: opposed to /ate. 

a@ 1000 Guthlac 816 (Gr.) Hy to ar abreat, Pat hy walden- 
des willan lasten. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark xvi. 2 And 
swyde zr anum reste-deze comon to bere byrgene. ¢1200 
Ormin 6246 Beon ar & late o 3unnkerr weorrc. @ 1225 
Ancr. R. 338 Ich hit do ungledliche, oder to er, oder to 
leate. a@1340 Cursor M. 25419 (Gétt.) Are and late i will 3u 
mon. ¢1425 WynToun Cron. vu. xxxiii. 143 Come I are; 
come I late. 1474 in Househ. Ord. (1790) 28 To be ere at 
his supper. 1578 Scot. Poems 16th C. 11. 152 Thow art keiper 
lait and aire. 1795 Macnewi Will & Yea, Baith ear’ and 
late, Will in briny grief lay steeping. 1879 G. MacponaLp 
Sir Gibbie I, iv. 46 ‘ Ye michtna be up ear eneuch to get yer- 
self shaved afore kirktime.’ 


+2. Sooner, at an earlier time. Ods. 

a. agoo Charters in O, E. Texts 445 Gif he Zewite er 
Sonnehia. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. John i. 15 Se Se to cumenne is 
zfter me .. was ste vee ic. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1061 
Bitwene this and the thrid night, And ar if that itare myght 
be. 1465 Paston Lett. No. 518 II. 218, I received the box 
-.on Friday last andnoner. ¢ 1650 Merlin 2094 in Furniv. 
Percy Folto 1. 487, & thou had comen eare, indeed, thou 
might haue found him in that stead. 

ies Tinpace Yohn i. 15 He that commeth after me, 
was before me because he was yer than I. 

+ 3. Sooner, rather, in preference. Ods. 

a. c¢ 1200 [see C 2}. 

B. ©1300 [see C2]. 

Y- @1536 Tinvate Ws, II. 235 The flesh .. would be 
exalted and lift up on high, yer than cast down. 

+4. Before, formerly, at a former time, on a 
former occasion; often preceded by ever, never. 
Also, A little while ago, just now. 

a. cog Hymns in O. E. Texts 419 Det mon du 
alesdes Sone zr sodlice zehiowades. agoo Martyrol. 
ibid. 178 Fyr of heofonum .. forbernde .. alle da de.. 
zr tintergedon ne halgan wer. azo0o Elene 1285 
Worda..eallra unsnyttro zr gesprecenra. @1123 O. EZ. 
Chron, an, 1101 And pet ealle pa on Engle lande heora 
land ongean heafdon, hit zr burh pone eorl forluron. 
c1175 Lamb, Hom. 5 3¢ iherden er on cc godspel hu, etc, 
c12z00 ORMIN 2349 Forr nass pat nefre fundenn er Amang 
wimmenn onn erpe. c¢ 1275 Lay, 6626 Ne cnew hine no man 
teers heer hi-sehje hadde. 1300 Harrow. Hell 222 

t y seyde er the to. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1x. 442 Thai 
..War eir pouer and bare. ¢ 1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode. c. 
(1869) 54, I se blood shed on pe scrippe bat neuere er j 
apperceyuede. 15., Kyung & Hermit 40 in Hazl. £. P. P. 
(1864) 14 Sych one saw I neverare, 1557 My/ner of Abyng- 
ton 82 ibid. III, 103 He myght not do as hedyd are. 1647 
R. Srapyiton Fuvenal 259 A beane-hull, ere the praise of 
“B The neighb’ring 


. €%340 Cursor M, 1402 (Trin.) Po he [Adam] low3e but 
neuer ore. /did, 12147 (frin.) 3e wondir on pat J seide ore. 


ERE, 


15.. Childe of Bristowe 342 in Hazl. E. P. P. 1. 123 Into 
the chamber he went that tide, and knelid, as he dud ore. 

Y-_ €1420 Chron. Vilod. 147 By conselle of Elmestone as I 
sayde 3ere. ¢1450 ~~ Warw. (C.) 60 Soche a mayde was 
neuer 3ere. ax61z Harincton Efigrams ui. (1633) 42 
Chaste Linus, but as valiant as a gender. Came to me yer, 
.-Lamenting that I raised on him a slander. 

b. First ; before something else, or before any- 

thing else is done. 

a. cr000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 24 Gang zr and gesybsuma 
wid pinne broder. 

B. c1250 Gen. § Ex. 88 Fro Sat time we tellen ay, Or de 
ni3t and after de day. c1300 Havelok 728 But or he 
hauede michel shame. 


B. prep. 

1. Before (in time). Also in comd, + ere-yes- 
terday, the day before yesterday. 

@. 742735 (MS. ago0) Bede's Death Song ibid. 149 Aer his 
hin iongae. c8as Vesp. Psalter liv. 20[lv. 19] in O. E. Texts 
263 God..se is er weorulde and wunad in ecnisse. 1000 
Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 38 Swa hi werun on pam dagum zr 
pam flode. cx175 Lamb, Hom. 17 pet he icherre from pan 
uuelnesse ear his ende dei. @ 1300 Cursor M. 11383 (Gott.), 
A tuelmoth are pe natiuite. c1300 K. Adis. 344 Aboute 
mydnyght, ar the day..Scheo saw..a dragon adoun lyght. 
1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowdle iv. xxii. (1483) 69 Yf thou er this 
tyme haddest done right. 1465 Paston Lett. No. 505 II. 
194 Yf ye send to me contrary comaundement er that tyme. 
1583 GotpinG Calvin on Deut. clxxiii. 1076 Ere three 
dayes to an end he had quite forgotten. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. (1702) I. v. 456 E’re that time. athe LovELace 
Poems 22 Could you ascend yon Chaire of State e’re him? 
1678 Drypen All for Love 1. i, Our fruitful Nile Flow’d 
ere the wonted Season. 1819 Byron ¥uav 1. i, Sent to the 
devil somewhat ere his time. 1884 W.C. Smitu Av/drostan 
45,He Nigh lost his wits ere morning. 

. €1250 Gen. & Ex. 47 Or ani werldes time boren. c1400 
Destr. Troy 114 A brober of birbe born or hym-seluyn. 
1439 R. Rocuerort in £. £. Wills (1883) 123 If.. Margarete 
his wyff decesse or tyme Rauf his son comme at full age. 
@1533 Lv. Berners Huon Ixxxvi. 273 Though he haue or 
this tym sufferyd greate trauayle. 

Y:, ©1430 Freemasonry 160 3e mowe hyt knowe long 3er 
ny3ht. 1535 CoverDALE Ge. xxxi, 2 And Iacob behelde 
Labans countenaunce, & beholde, it was not towarde him 
as yesterdaye and yeryesterdaye. 

b. In preference to, more than. 

. 1377 Lanai. P. Pl. B. xv. 502 Pe red noble Is reuer- 
enced or be Rode. 

2. In the advb. phrases tere Jon, eve then, ere 
this, etc. (OE. #r don, #r dissunr), before then, be- 
fore this, Also ErELoNG, ERENow, EREWHILE. 

a. ¢897 K. /ELFrED Gregory’s Past. 7 Sio lar Ledenze- 
Siodes zr Bissum afeallen was 3iond Angelcynn. ¢ 1175 
Lamb. Hom. 3 Moni of ban floc manna pe earpon fulieden 
ure drihten, /é/d, 11 We ma3en. .ibeten ure sunne pet we 
abbet idon erbisse. 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 501 Thou sedest 
vs ar this The priuete of thin herte. ¢1315 SHOREHAM 121 
‘Thet unicorn.. That erthange [ead erthanne] was so wylde. 
¢ 1340 Cursor M, 9830 (Trin.), More selcoube herde we neuer 
ar pis. ¢ 1430 Chev. Assigne 70 As J haue holde her er bis 
‘our lorde so me helpe’. 1594 PLar Yewell-ho. 1. 59 We 
should haue had a sufficient ear this. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
1v. 970 Ere then Farr heavier load thyself expect to feel. 
Lbid. x. 240 If mishap [had attended him], Ere this he had 
return’d 1776 Gippon J/isc. Wks. (1814) Il. 173 You have 
ere this heard of the..accident. 1826 Scotr Woodst. ii, I 
trust the King is’ ere this out of their reach. 1884 Par 
Eustace 28, I should ere this have shaped into words the 
warm affection which. .existed in my heart. 

y- 1598 Haxtuyr Voy. I. 6 They might very well, yer 
this, haue surpassed .. any particular Monarchie els. 

C. conj. (or as part of conjunctional phrase). 

1. Of time: Before. 

+a. in conjunctional phrases, consisting (a) of 
the adv. with than; (6) of the prep. with pro- 
nominal regimen (OE, and early ME. Jam pe, pon 
pe, pam, pan, pon; subsequently that). Obs. 

@. a 1000 Fudith 252 in Sweet Ags. Rdr. (1884) 165 Er don 
Se him se ezesa on ufan sete Mzgen Ebrea. a 1000 Happy 
Land 38 ibid. 170 Nefre brosniaéd Leaf under lyfte..zr don 
edwenden Worulde geweorde. c¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 
18 An prica ne zewit fram bere e erpam [c 1160 Hatton 
zr ban] ealle bing zewurpan. did. vi. 8 Eower fader wat 
hweet eow bearf ys er bam be ge hyne biddad. c1z00 Ormin 
9351 /Er bann pe Laferrd Jesu Crist Bigann owwpberr to 
donne. c1200 Trix. Coll. Hom. 37 Er bonne pet child beo 
ifulzed hit is pes deofles. a1225 Ancr. R.296 Cwench hit 
..er ben hit waxe. cx1290 Lives Saints (1887) 52 Are bat heo 
were ded. a1300 Havelok 229 ‘In manus tuas, lou[er]de,’ 
he seyde, Her pat he i speche leyde. c 1325 Chron. Eng. 
in Ritson Met. Rom. I1. 270 This lond wes cleped Albyon, 
Er then Bruyt from Troyecom. c1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T. 
895 Now telleth me er that ye ferther wende. 1483 Vx- 
garia abs Terentio 24a, Night cam vpon me er than j myght 
com hydere a geyne. 1559 Batpwin in Mirr. for Mag. 
(1563) H 1a, Wherof she warnd prepared a myghty power, 
And ere that myne were altogether redy, Came swyft to 
Sandale and besieged my bower. : 

. cx2go Gen. § Ex. 2435 Or dan he [Abraham] wiste 
off werlde faren, He bade hise kinde to him charen. 

y: 1526 TiNDALE Gad. ii. 12 Yerre that certayne cam 
from James he [Peter] ate with the Gentyls. 

b. hence as simple com. arch. and dial. 

a. Beowulf 2019 (Gr.) Oft hio beah wridan secge [sealde] 
zr hie to setle zeong. 971 Blick’. Hom. 47 On niht zr he 
reste. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 Heo weren strongliche ibunden 
er ure drihten come to pisse liue. @1225 Leg. Kath. 1393 
To beon i-fulhtnet .. ear we faren henne. 1; HAmMPoLe 
Pr. Consc. 1051 Bot of pe mare world yhit wil I mare say, 
Arl fra pis matir away. 1393 Lane, P. PZ. C, 1. 

3 Thei asken hure huyre er bey hit haue deserued. 1430 

ypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, Are Titan his bemes_reyse 
agayne We shall departe. 1483 Act 1 Rich, IIT, 8 
Pream., Clothes so shorn er they be wette, 1582 hr aa 

-2 


Positions xxxiv. (1887) 122 Ear they entered into their exer- 
cise, and. .ear they went to meat. 1611 Biste Yoh iv. 49 
The noble man saith vnto him, Syr, come downe ere my 
child die. 1664 Everyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 190 It will be a 
long Time e’er your Graff produce any Fruits considerable. 
as H. Watpote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 1V. 76 
hese promising abilities were cut off e’er they had reac! 
their maturity. 1810 Scorr Lady of L. 1, ii, Ere his fleet 
career he took, The dew-drops from his flanks he shook. 
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Shirl. II, 22 It was very late ere 
the party broke up. 

3. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 649 Or he [noe] was on werlde led, 
Mey ie wel wide 4 pb 
(Fairf.) inges .. ware of ter stren3t an , OF 
adam had for-done be srip. sos Pee Lett. No. 771 Ill. 
152, iiij howrs or he d: c1570 Moral Play Wit §& Sc. 
(Shaks. Soc.) 3 Wherfore of T pas hens, now must I See 
thys same token heere. [Still very common dZad.} 

y- 1526 Tivpace Rom, ix. 11 Yeer the children were 
borne. 1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) sons The king laie 
after long sicke yer he were healed. 1609 Hottanp Amm. 
Marcel. xxx. i. 379 He might be intercepted yer he was 
aware. 

+e. with a redundant eve (in sense A. 4 b), or 
some equivalent word, belonging to the principal 
clause, though occasionally standing in the sub- 


ordinate. 

@. cx2z00 Ormin 12694 Zr bann be Laferrd fullhtnedd 
wass /Er wass he wune Aone To Chat : — 
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 207 Ar hii come s hul, arst he 
ca ycome. a1300 K. Horn 546 ad we ischal furst 
ride .. Ar ihc be ginne to wo3e._ 1 Lanci. P. Pl. B. v. 
468, I shal seke treuthe arst ar I se Rome! 

c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 658 Nine hundred 3er and fifti told, 

or or he starf, noe was old. ¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 

74 Or Roberd wist, or pouht on suilk a dede, Ore was his 

ous on fire. c¢ 1400 Maunpkv. (1839) viii. 83 Before or pei 

resceyue hem, pei knelen doun. c 1460 Towneley Myst. 131 
Myn dede ere shuld I dyght, Or it were so. 

d. with the addition of ever. 

a. c1325 £. E. Allit. P. A. 328 Schal I efte forgo hit er 
euer I fyne? 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. u1. Wks. 1212/2 
Before a gret storm the sea begynneth. .to worke..ere euer 
the windes waxe boistous. c 1630 Drumm. or Hawtn. 
ne Wks. 12 Er e’re she was, weep that day’s wheel was 
roll’d. 

- 1605 SHaks. Leary u. iv. 289 This heart shal break 
into a hundred thousand flawes Or ere Ile weepe. 1611 
Biste Dan. vi. 24 The Lyons. . brake all their bones in pieces 
or euer they came at the bottome of the den. 1883 Swin- 
BURNE Cent. Roundels 23 These, or ever man was, were. 

2. Of preference: Sooner than, rather than. 
Sometimes with correlative adv. as in Ic. 

a. Beowulf 1371 (Gr.) AEr he [sc. heorot] feorh seled..on 
ofre, zr he in wille hafelan ap rap c1200 ORMIN 6316 
Forr zr be33 wolldenn polenn dp AEr bann pe33 wolldenn 
gilltenn ohht Onn3zness Godess wille. c1230 Hali Meid. 
45 Hu ha..poleden stronge pines ear ha walden nimen ham. 
¢ 1330 King of Tars 44 Rather wolde i spille my blod .. Ar 
heo scholde wedde a este 1398 Lanci. P. Pl. C. 1. 
157 Er ich wedde such a wif, wo me by-tyde. 

. @1300 Cursor M. 9815 (Gott.) Or aght his herte brest 
© thrinne, Or fra his comandementis tuinne. 1375 BARBOUR 
Bruce 1x. 594 In auenture till de He vald him put, or he 
vald fle. f 

+ D. adj. Only in late OE. and ME. 

1. The compounds in which OE. #r- has an 
adjectival force =‘ early’, ‘ former’ (see E. 1) were 
occasionally resolved, so that the first element 
was treated as a real adj., and inflected as such. 
For examples see E. 1. 

2. Hence, rarely, the adjectival use occurs where 
it does not originate directly from composition. 

a 1400 [sumbras 520 To mende hir are mysdede. 

Comb, 

1. With adjectival force, as OE. &rdez (see 
Day), early day, beginning of the day, also pl. 
wrdagas (in ME. as phrase are dawes), former 
days; OE. &rd&d (see DrxEp), in ME. erdede, 
a former deed; OE. g&rmorgen (see Morn, 
Morrow), early morning, in phrase on &rmorgen, 
ME. on armorowe, also (with adjectival flexion 
of the first element) OE. on &rne morgen, ME. 
on erne marjen, on arnemorwe ; also ARETHEDE. 

Beowulf 253 Mid *wr-deze. a 1000 Andreas 220 (Gr.) Sce- 


altu eninga mid ee Ceol gestigan. a 1000 //ymins iii. 
25 (Gr.) Pu eart se la, be on um ealra faemnena 
wyn fazere akende on Beth] pape eae 7 Ke 
was a king bi are dawes. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 41 


And witodlice be uncer *z um on-fod. ¢ 1200 Trin. 
Colt. Hom. 153 Ech man shal understonden mede of his 
er-dede. c1aog Lay. 8745 Nu bu scalt adreden for pine ar 


daeden [c 1275 for tnd ede 
ment was made a knyght For 
6(Gr.) Ic..on *armergen on pe eac Zewene. 
Gosp. Matt. xx. 1 Gelic pam hiredes ealdre be on zrne 
mergen ut-eode. c1175 Lamb, Hom. sae n etad 
on erne mar3en ulajeliche. ¢ 1300 K. Ades. 5458 ‘The oost 
arist on erne morowe. ¢ 1314 og, Warw. (A.) 3391 An 
armorwe erliche Pemperour aros, sikerliche. Jéid. 5164 On 
arnemorwe pan come we. 

2. With prepositional force: see ERELONG, ERE- 
Now, EREWHILE ; also ere-yesterday in BI. 


_ Ere, var. of Ear obs. to plough. 
x6ar Botton Statutes Irel. S op EH ere the 


grou 
Bre, obs. f. ave: see Br v.; also of Ever. 
Ereable, obs. form of EARABLE, arable. 
+ Erean, a. Obs.-° [f. L. wre-us brazen (f. ws, 
wr-is brass) + -AN.] Made of brass or copper, 
brazen. 1656-81 in Buount. 1775 in Asu. 


@ 1400 Octouian 1808 Cle- 
ys er dedes. a 1000 Ps. Ixii[i). 
¢ 1000 Ags. 


| tiara, x 


Brear, var. of AREAR v. Obs. 
Erebus (e‘r/bis). Myth. Also 6 erron. erobus. 
[a. L. Erebus, a. mest ? cogn. with Goth. 


rigis darkness.] name of ‘a place 
of darkness, between and Fades’ (Liddell 
and Scott); often used in phrase dark as Erebus. 
1596 Suaks. Merch, V. vy. i. 87 His affections [are] darke 
as 1667 Mitton P. LZ. u. 883 Harsh Thunder .. 
the lowest bottom shook Of Erebus. Marryat Phant. 


Se eRe a ass eee 
Ci 5 r ' 
thee was Erebus bred. - 


Erect (‘re‘kt), a. and sb. [ad. L. érect-us, pa. 
pple. of érigére to set up, f. @ out + regire to 
direct.] A. adj. 

1. Upright, in an upright Doge not bendin; 
forward or downward. f ight lines an 
plane surfaces: Vertical. Lvect vision, the fact 
that we see objects ‘ the right way up ’, notwith- 
standing the inverted position of the retinal image. 
Erect dial: see Drar. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T.9 The schade of every 
tree Was in the lengthe the same quantite That was the 
body erecte, that caused it. 1 Barctay Cyt. & Up- 
londyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. lvi, Whether that thy lord sit or 
yet stande erect Stil must thou stande. 1593 Fate Diaddii 
3 When the plat standeth upright, it maketh a right angle 
with the Horizon and is called Erect. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. ww. i. 180 Birds... are so farre from this kinde 
of pronenesse, that they are almost erect. 1697 DrypeNn 
Virg. Georg. Wi. 666 Snake .. in his Summer Liv’ry 
rouls along: Erect, and brandishing his forky Tongue. 
1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 362 erect or vertical 
Diameter of the Luminary seems contracted. 1799 J. Woop 
Elem. Optics vii. (1811) 148 An erect image of the figure 


intended to be represented. 1841 Brewster Mart, Sc. 1. | 


ii. (1856) 184 He ascribed erect vision to an operation of the 
mind. 186: 
of some of the women are handsome. .erect and good. — 
Bracke Lays Hight, 89 Erect with majesty severe The 
Buchail More upshoots his Titan cone. 

b. Used Bot. and Her. in general sense. 

1688 R. HoL_me Armoury u. 115/1 Erect Flowers [are] 
such as grow upright without hanging the head. 1766-87 
Porny Heraldry Gloss., Erect or Erected .. said of any- 
thing upright, or perpendicularly elevated. x8rx A. T. 
Tuomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 256 The stamens are erect, and 
longer than the corolla. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 8.277 
Ovules are erect, when they rise from the very bottom of 
the cell. 1882 Cussans /eradldry vi. 95 Erect, when used in 
blazoning wings, signifies that the principal wing feathers 
make nearly a right angle with the back of the bird. 


Ce. Ig. 

1672 Cave Prin. Chr. u. vii. (1673) 195 A mind erect 
amongst the Ruines of a tottering Age. a 1735 GLANVILLE 
(J.), Stand erect, and sound as loud as fame. 1837 Tutri- 
WALL Greece 1V. xxxiii. 321 A spirit as erect as the king’s 
Mortey Carlyle 175 Here was a way of erect 
living within. nay 

2. Chiefly participial: +a. Of the countenance: 
Not downcast, unabashed. Oés. b. Of the hands: 
Uplifted. ¢. Of the hair, tail of animals, ete. : 
Set up, rigid, bristling. 

1618 Cuapman Hesiod. u. 542 Not .. with face erect, 
Against the Sun, but, sitting. 1687 Drypen Hind & P. 1. 
394 Her front erect with majesty she bore. 17.. Puivirs 
ia ), Vows, and plaints, and suppliant hands to Heav’n 
erect. 1735 SoMERVILLE Chase u. 91 With Ears And Tail 
erect, neighing he paws the ground. 1796 Burke Regic. 
Peace Wks. 1842 II. 326 It is an erect countenance, it 1s a 
firm adherence to principle. .that assert our good faith and 
honour. 1870 Bryant /diad II. xx1v. 403 With hair erect 
He stood, and motionless. ; : 

+3. fig. Of the mind: Uplifted, directed up- 
wards; alert, attentive. Ods. 

1544 Litany in Priv. Prayers (1851) 570 Having their 
minds erect to Almighty God. 1626 Bacon Sylva (1637) 
§ 266 It conduceth much to haue the Sense Intentiue, and 
Erect. 1756 Burke Sudd. § B. 1. xv, Just at the moment 
when their minds are erect with expectation. 

+B. sb. Obs. rare. 

In order to facilitate the attainment of uniformity in type- 
founding, Moxon proposed to divide the square of the 
an of each kind of type into smaller squares A 42 ver- 
tical lines (evects) and 42 horizontal lines (faradle/s). 

1676 Moxon Print Lett. 7 The Divisions that are imagined 
to be made between the Left Hand and the Right are called 
Erects. Jbid, 20 Set your C to g..placing one 
Foot in Parallel 21, Erect 9. 

Erect (irekt), v. Also 6 Sc. ereck, 5-6 fa. 
pple. erect(e. [f. L. éect- ppl. stem of arigere: 

e prec.] 

1 . trans. To elevate in direction or position. 
+1. To direct upwards; to lift up (the eyes, hands, 
etc.). Also Zo erect up. Obs. a 
Man in Moone (1849) 39 Erect thy count ec 

Fro 4 Paorrt Christi. mig i. (266)6r The Bishop 
Pie fn Lorne all the — with . <r the 

tar, a HAPMAN Revenge Hon. Wks. 1 7 
Good sir, erect your 1704 Swirt 7. Tub whe 
I. Introd. 26 To stand with their hs open, and d 

, 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 117 Having our mindes erected 


up into heaven. 1629 H. Burton Badel no Bethel 4 Wee 

erect our best to this i 1690 Norris Be- 

atitudes (1694) I, 54 The = of Men began to be more 
1 d ds Heaven. 


+d. "To put up on high; to lift up (the head) ; 
also, to hoist up. Ods. t, siete aaa 
enikic's benscin yinage of a serpeak, ag0y Trial Treas. 


Fr. Kempre Resid. Georgia 42 The figures | 


. ERECT. 
faith, it is pity, As high as three trees and a halter will 
reach. 1612 ‘AT Crudities 9 A little chappell..wherein 
is erected the pi of Christ and the Vii Mary. 1696 
enils, eternal Gates 


& However we may erect the crest 
iont manhood. o = 


+2. To exalt in consideration or dignity; to 
raise to eminence or importance ; elevate to office ; 
in earlier use, to raise #o (a kingdom); to set 
up for, to be (an emperor, king, etc.). Also Zo 
erect up. 


tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 283 Grete Charles .. was 
rocks the Sackett after the dethe of his 


erecte to 

fader. 1549-62 Stexnnotp & H. Ps. Ixxxix. 20 A man of . 
might I have erect your king and letobe. 1583 Exec. 
Jor Treason (1675) 27 Bishops, who in the P: name had 
erect up. a1sg2 Greene Fas. /V, (1861) 198 
He shall erect your state and wed you well. 1611 SreED 
Hist. Gt. Brit. vt. xiii. 3 The erected one Sa- 
turninus a * 


sent! 
for 


“* chs P 
+b. To elevate zxto or unto (a specified con- 
dition). Ods. 

1508 Fisner Wks. 254 They were erecte vnto eternal lyfe. 
1589 R. Rosinson in Farr S, P. Zliz. (1845) 11. 364 Erect 
my spirite into thy blisse. 

II. To raise to an pny position. 

3. To raise, set upright (the body, oneself, etc.) ; 
to rear (a standard). Also fig. 

se Repose Husb. (1878) 5 Erecting one most like to fall. 
1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. u. Wks. 1856 I. 25 Ladie, erect 
your —- simmetry. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.u. 
ii. 74 [funto the powder of Load. or Iron we ad: the 
North pole of the Loadstone, the powders or small divisions 
will erect and conforme themselves thereto. 1730 A. Gor- 
von Maffei’s Amphith. 93 The Charioteers sometimes bowed 
to the Ground, then erected themselves on high. 1750 
Jounson Rambler No. 6? 3 The necessity of erecting our- 
selves to some d of intellectual dignity. 1774 % 
Nat. Hist. (1776) VU. 49 The muscle .. is capable of erect- 
ing itself on an edge. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia II. w. 
iii. 97 Erected against Aliverdi the standard of revolt. 1877 
Mrs. Ourrnant Makers Flor. xiii. 325 His weak frame 
erected itself, p ’ Z 

b. Optics. To restore (an inverted optical image) 
to an upright position. 

1831 Brewster Newton (1855) I. x. 245 Without using two 
glasses, the object may be erected. 

+c. intr. for ref. To straighten oneself, assume 
an apoent position. 

1626 Bacon Sy/va (1631) § 827 By Wet, Stalkes doe erect, 
and Leaues bow downe. 

4. To set upright (a member of the body); to 
prick up (the ears); also Phys. (chiefly in pass.), 
to render turgid and rigid any organ containing 
erectile tissue. 

1626 Bacon Sy/va (1637) § 266 You. .erect your Eare, when 
you would heare attentiuely. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 1. 540 
At ev’ry Shout [the horse] erects his oe ae 1796 
Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 318 That this faction . . 
does erect its crest upon the engagement, there can be 
little doubt. 5 F 

+5. fig. from 3, 4. To rouse, stir up, excite, em- 
bolden (the mind, oneself). Ods. 

a 1868 CoverDaLe Treat. Death 1. xvi, We ought to erect 
and comfort ourselves with the resurrection. 1605 BAcon 
Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 2 It doth raise and erect the mind. 
1654 R. Coprincton tr. //ist. Justine 314 With this Victory 
the courages of the Sicilians were d, 1665 J.S ANT 
Sure-footing 201 His Book coming ike)? ‘ion 
was now erected. @1668 Dennam (J.), ry should not 
hope As much erect our thoughts, as fear deject ? 
217% Nortn Lives (1826) 11. 131 He found his low, 

ought to. .erect by a glass or two of le 
+b. occas. To stimulate (in a physical sense). 

1620 Vennerl’ta Recta(1650)273 It. .erecteth the digestive 
faculty of the stomack, __ 

+6. To elate with pride. Obs. 


1631 R. H. Arvaignm. Whole Creature 137 Least .. the 
contemplation of their proud plumes and too much 
erect them and puffe them up. 


III. To set ona foundation, construct, establish. 
7. Toset up (a building, statue, framework, etc.) ; 
to rear, build. Also + 70 erect up. : 
1417 in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 19. I. 59 He hath erected a new 
tower upon the same for a warde. 1555 Even Decades W. 
Ind. 1. ~.(Arb.) 80 The inhabitantes sawe newe bu 


to bee dayly erected. 1570 Anr. Parker Corr. (1853) 372 
In -+to erect up certain iron mills. 
2 Hen, VI, um. ii. 80 Erect his Statue, and it 


your Stove .. of Wacker Hi: Tllus- 
trated 288 Gallus pm eer 
hima chre, x70x De For 7yue-born aap hs Where- 
ever erects a House of Lg The l_ always 
builds a Chappel there. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's 
Stud. Nat. (1799) 1. 446 He erects trophies. . 
Nicuotson Oferat. Mec. 1go An engine was erected 
in the vicinity of Bath. .on 1848 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. U1, 16 A more lene created aaa 

ies in the eastern suburb of London. — 


Hist, Eng. (1858) Ul. i The scaffold had 
ue 1858) II. ix. 382 a 


-§] To build (a vessel). Bae os mad é wl 
f ROUGHS (1 
Be an a reeeued and Afty besees <» there wil be 
| for one thousand we. 


ymage of a 
in Hazl. Dodsley M11. 273 That thou art-nat d, in 


ERECTABLE. 


b. fig. To build up (a theory, conclusion, etc.), 
set up (a pretension). Also adsol. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. vii. 25 Our advanced 
beliefs are not to be built upon dictates, but .. [we] are to 
erect upon the surer base of reason. @x Locke (J.), 
Malebranche erects this proposition, of seeing all things in 
God, upon their ruin. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. Judia UI. v. 
ii. 350 The pretension erected by Mr. Hastings .. would 
destroy one great source of the evidence. 1864 J. H. New- 
MAN Afol. 195 It was necessary for us to have a positive 
Church theory erected on a definite basis. 

8. a. Geom. To set up or draw (a perpendicular 
to a given line); to construct (a triangle, etc. 
upon a given base). b. Astro. and Astron. To 
‘set up’ (a figure of the heavens). 

@1646 J. Grecory Assyr. Mon. in Posth. (1650) 215 This 

as the figure of the Heavens. .Astronomically calculated 
and erected according to Tycho’s tables. 1660 Barrow 
Euclid 1. x, Upon the line given AB erect an equilateral 
triangle. a1672 Woop Zz (1848) 73 After Lillie (the 
astronomer) had erected his figure, he told her, etc. 1715 
Kersey, Zo Erect a Figure, to divide the 12 Houses 
a-right. 1815 Scorr Guy M. iv, He accordingly erected 
his scheme, or figure of heaven. 1828 J. H. Moore Pract. 
Navig. 44 On B erect the perpendicular BA. 1887 T. B. 
Reep O. E. Lett. Found 182 He [Moxon] professes to be 
able to erect in any other square .. the same letter. 

+9. To set up, establish, found (an office, court 
of justice, corporation, institution, etc.); to initiate, 
set on foot (a project, scheme). Oés. or arch. exc. 
in Law. 

1565 CaLFHILL Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 24 A pilgrim- 
age in Wales was straight erected. 1570 in Strype An. 
Ref. I. Wii. 626 The Divinity lecture, erected by the noble 
lady Margaret. 1602 Warner AJd, Eng. x. liil. (1612) 254 
This League was halowed .. gainst all That worke the 
gospell to erect. 1651 Hoses Leviath. 1. xv. 73 There is 
no Civill Power erected over the parties promising. 1663 
Marve tt Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. xl. 88 Courts of Merchants 
to be erected in some .. ports of the nation. 
Proclam. in Lond. Gaz. No. 1856/1 The Office of Post-Master 


General hath been Erected by Act of Parliament. 1743 
Tinvat tr. Rapin’s Hist. Eng. 11.151 note, This year Queen 
Elizabeth erected the East-India Company. 1761-2 Hume 


Hist. Eng. I. xli. 415 The Jesuits, a new order of regular 
priests erected in Europe. 1792 Cuipman Amer. Law Ref. 
(1871) 12 The statute has erected asummary jurisdiction. 1818 
Jas. Mitt Brit. [India II. v. ix. 702 The ministerial board 
erected by Mr. Pitt. @1862 Buckie Civiliz, (1869) ILI. iii. 
125 Two Courts of High Commission were erected. 1865 
H. Puitires Amer. Paper Curr, Il. 56 Congress resolved 
to erect a lottery. 

+b. To raise (an armed force); to form (a 
nation). Ods. 

1480 Caxton Chron. Eng’. 1. (1520) 24/2 These two erected 
an hoost ayenst Hanyball. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 
1, i, 20 When a Companie is newly leuied and erected, etc. 
@ 1618 RALEIGH (J.), He suffers seventy-two distinct nations 
to be erected out of the first monarchy under distinct go- 
vernours. 1680 Hickes Sfir. Popery 71 The Cess .. for 
erecting and maintaining the foresaid additional Forces. 
1698 J. Crutt Muscovy 123 A new Body of Militia should 
be erected in their stead. 

10. Zo erect into [cf. Fr. ériger en}: to consti- 
tute or form into (e.g. an organization, munici- 
pality, territorial division, etc.) ; to set up as (a 
rule or precedent); to invest with the rank or 
character of ; + to represent as. 

1670-98 Lassets Voy. Italy Pref. 1, I had not the least 
thought. .of erecting myself into an Authour, 1710 STEELE 
Tatler No. 56? x For the Sharpers..are by Custom erected 
into a real and venerable Body of Men. 1718 Col. Rec. 
Penn, III. 58 The sd. town might be Erected into a Bo- 
rough by a Charter, etc. @1768 Erskine Just. Law Scot. 
(1773) 345 By. secularizing, or, in our law-style, erecting 
most of the monasteries into temporal lordships. 1796 H. 
Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 455 The 
Officers of an inferior order .. erected themselves into seig- 
norial proprietors. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia II. v, viii. 
669 He could erect every interference in that sovereignty 
into an act of guilt. 18zz Scorr Kenilw. vii, Her majesty 
was minded to erect the town into a staple for wool. 1822 
M. A. Ketty Osmond I. 158 You. .erect him into a standard 
of 9 and wrong. 1839 YEowELL Anc. Brit. Ch. xi.(1847) 
tro Valentia .. was. erected into a province. 1860 Mit 
Repr. Govt. (1865) 54/2 That portion..whom the institutions 
of the country have erected into a ruling class. 

4 11. ? Used for Arrect, Direct. 

1526 SKELTON Magny/f. 2507 Unto me formest this mo 
cesse is erectyd. 1655 M. Carter Hon. Rediv. (1660) Ep. 
Ded., No more then the Subject of it [7. e. Honour] erects. 

Erectable (‘re‘ktab’l), a. [f. EnEct v. + -ABLE.] 
Capable of being erected. 

1802 G. Montacu Ornith. Dict. (L.), These erectable 
feathers .. are scarcely longer than the rest. 

Erected (érektéd), #A/. a. [f. Enzor v. + -Ep1.] 

+1. Having an upward direction. Of the eyes, 
face, etc.: Uplifted. Of motion: Directed up- 
wards. fig. Of the mind: Active, attentive. Ods. 
—_ Siwney Aol. Poetrie (Arb.) 26 Our erected wit, 

maketh vs know what perfection is. 18593 Drayton Eclog. 
x. 26 Th’ erected eyes (Of a poore Wretch with miseries 
opprest), 1659 /zstruc. Oratory 16 He..proceeds to a new 
subject with a more erected attention. 1668 CLARENDON 
Ess. Tracts (1727) 92 An erected face toward heaven. 1682 
Soutuerne Loyal Bro. 1. i, My erected head was rais’d to 
give A fuller majesty to crowns. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 
pA ‘3 Herons .. mounting upward with erected Flight. 

+2. Elevated, exalted; aspiring, high - souled, 
noble. Ods. 


1580 Sipney Arcadia 1. (T.) High erected thoughts seated. 


in a heart of courtesy.. r60r Cornwatiyes Disc, Seneca 
(1631) 68 Men of the highest erected states have dyed. 1611 


1683 Royal | 


269 


Spreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. (1632) 963 [They] march with 

erected courages against King Henry. 1631 T. May tr. 

Barclay’s Mirr. Mindes ii. 65 Pride adorned with the name 

of an erected manly nature. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 679 
ammon, the least erected Spirit that fell. 

3. +a. Set upright, or in a perpendicular position. 
b. Of hair, etc.: Bristling. Of ears: Pricked up. 

1603 B. Jonson Entertainm. Fas. I Wks. (1838) 530/2 
This erected and Lenco ginaiet tree. 16x0 Guitiim /e- 
valdry uu, xv. (1611) 138 A sleeping lion which did not shew 
his rage with his erected Shagge. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies 
(1665) 165 The falling of an erected Rate this way or that. 
1675 DrypEeNn Arungz. v. i. 2566 The Golden Serpents bear 
Erected Crests alike. 1 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. (1715) 
I. ix, The Teacher. . Rose from his Seat, and stood erected. 
1782 Cowrer Charity 516 "Tis called a satire, and the 

orld appears Gathering around it, with erected ears. 

4. Built up, up-reared. Also fg. of a kingdom: 
Established. 

1603 Knoiies Hist. Turks (1638) 29 The disquieting of 
the state of that new erected kingdom. 1625 S. D’Ewes 
in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. 322 III. 218 Going from this erected 
stage downe into St. Edwards Chappel. 1880 Dazly Tel. 
30 Apr., An erected bridge is subjected to great lateral 
pressure. 

5. See Erect v. g. also 10. 

1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law 229 Having by their grants 
the same title to the erected benefices, that the monasteries 
had formerly. 

Erecter: see EREcTOR. 

+ Ere:ctify, v. Os. [f. Enect a. +-(1 FY, after 
the analogy of rectefy ; cf. edify.] trans. To build. 
Implied in Ere‘ctifying Ap/. a. 

1627 Speep England xxx. §6 Vpon whose desolations that 
erectifying Lady Edelfled cast her eyes of compassion. 

Erectile (érektil), a. fa. F. évectile, f. L. 
érect-; see ErEcT v.] Capable of being erected or 
set upright. 

1834 McMurtrie Cuvier’s Anin. Kingd. 155 Chauna.. 
Chaia of Paraguay .. whose occiput is ornamented with a 
circle of erectile feathers. 1858 O.W. Homes A ut. Breakf.-t. 
i. 3 The men of genius that I fancy most have erectile heads. 
1869 GiLLMorRE Kefiiles & Birds ii. 78 Viperine Snakes .. 
have a long, perforated, erectile fang on the maxillary bone. 

b. Lrectile tissue: a kind of tissue found in 
various parts of animals, capable of being distended 
under excitement, and consequently of becoming 
rigid; also, a similar tissue in vegetables. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 188 The erectile tissue is 
of very large dimensions in the organs of copulation. 1861 
H. Macmitian Footn. Page Nat. 200 An elongation of the 
erectile tissue of the plant. 1874 VAN Buren Dis. Genit. 
Org. 2 The Corpus Spongiosum Urethrz is also composed 
of erectile tissue. ; : 

Hence Erecti'lity, the quality of being erectile 
or capable of erection. 

1860 WorcesTER cites Dr. Dix; in mod. Dicts. 

Erecting (trektin), vd/. 56. [f. Erecr v.+ 
-Ine 1. 

1. The action of the vb. Erxct, in various senses. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1567) 23b, No buildyng of pillers, no 
erecting of arches. 1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. (1739) 22 It 
seemeth to be done.. after the erecting of the Bishoprick 
of Ely. 1776 G. SempLe Building in Water 67 A judicious 
erecting of the Sounding-boards. : : 

2. attrib., as in erecting-eye-piece, -glass, -prisne: 
(see quots.) 

1837 Gorinc & Pritcuarp Aicrogr. 144 No achromatic 
erecting eye-piece..can be made with so few as three 
lenses. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Erecting eye-piece, a 
combination of four lenses used for terrestrial telescopes, 
and so arranged as to exhibit the objects viewed in an erect 
position. Jérd., Erecting-glass, a tube with two lenses, 
slipped into the inner end of the draw-tube of a microscope, 
serving to erect the inverted image. /bid., Erecting-prism, 
a contrivance of Nachet’s for erecting the inverted image 
produced by a compound microscope, by means of a single 
rectangular prism placed over the eye-piece. — 

4 Used gerundially with omission of zz, a. 

1654 Eart Orrery Parthen. (1676) 562 She was ignorant 
of that fatal Theater which was erecting within sight of her 
Window. 1809 Kenpatt J vav. II. lii. 216 One or two 
small salt-works are erecting in New Bedford. 

Erecting (‘re‘ktin), f/. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
That erects; in quot. stimulating. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes m. i. 68 He is to be interdicted 
Oats and all Flatulent and erecting dyet for a Moneth. 

Erection (‘re‘kfon). Also 6 ereccion. [ad. late 
L. érection-em, n. of action f. Zrect-: see ERECT v. 
Cf. F. évection.] The action of erecting, the con- 
dition of being erected. 

+1. A lifting up (of the hands); also, an ele- 
vated condition ; (of hills) elevation, altitude. 

1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. xv. xxiv. 371 There must 
be erection of hands, confession. 1612 Brerewoop Lazg. 
& Relig. xiii. 138 We are not to consider only the erection 
of the hils. @1649 WintHror New Eng. (1853) J. 136 The 
congregation testifying their consent by erection of hands. 
1692 Ray Dissol. World iii. (1732) 32. 

+2. Advancement in condition or dignity; ele- 
vation to office. Ods. 

1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 26 The seid Ereccion and 
Creacion to the Kinges seid sone made to hym as to the 
Duke of Yorke. 1528 in Strype ect. Mem. 1. App. xxiii. 
46 Synnes his erection to this dignitie, his Holynes, etc. 
2661 Ussuer Power Princes 1. (1683) i, God .. knoweth 
when and in what place to appoint the Erection of Kings. 

b. concr. in Sc. Law. A temporal lordship 
‘erected’ out of a spiritual benefice. 


ERECTNESS. 


1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 244 That all the su- 
periorities of erections... should be declared to be in the 
crown. 

3. A setting upright; an upright position. 

1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 39 By the erection 
of our bodies, expressing the elevation .. of our souls. 1691 
Ray Creation (1714) 221 Of this Erection of the body of 
Man the ancients have taken notice. 1855 Bain Senses & 
Int. 1. i. § 7. (1864) 86 The erections and bendings of the 
body are outlets for spontaneous activity. 

4. Phys. The action of making rigid any bodily 
organ containing erectile tissue ; the condition of 
being so erected ; also, an instance of the same. 

1594 Pat Fewell-ho. 1. 18 As to woorke an erection of 
those engendring parts. 1607 SHaKs. Timon 1v. iii. 164 
That your Actiuity may defeate and quell The sourse of all 
Erection. 1650 BuLwErR Anthropomet. 216 Which serve 
the erection to Coition. 1658 J. Rowxanp tr. Moufet's 
Theat. Ins. 1004 They are good for such as want erection. 
1787 H. Warson in Med. Commun. 11. 158 His penis was 
in a state of erection. 1885 Law Rep. Appeal X. 176 The 
appellant had an erection on each of two unsuccessful at- 
tempts. 

+5. Exaltation, excitement, invigoration (of the 
mind, spirits, etc.). Ods. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia. (1590) 88 a, Her peereles height my 
minde to high erection Drawes up. 1626 Bacon Sylva 
(1631) § 713 When a Man would listen suddenly to any 
hing, he Starteth ; For the Starting is an Erection of the 
Spirits to attend. 1651 CLareNpon Contempl. Ps. Tracts 
(1727) 542 It must be a wonderful erection of their spirits, 
to know that God will be a father of those fatherless. 

6. The action of rearing (a building, column, 
etc.). Also fig. 

1597 SHAKS. 2 Hen. /V, 1. iii. 44 When we see the figure 
of the house, Then must we rate the cost of the Erection. 
1614 Raveicu //ist. World (J.), Counting Seth to be an 
hundred years old at the erection of them [pillars]. 1664 
Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 20 In the erection of a more 
judicious and consistent Fabrick. 1786 W. THomrson 
Watson's Philip 111 (1839) 337. Prohibiting the erection of 
all Protestant fabrics on lands belonging to the church. 
1825 J. NicHotson Oferat. Mechanic 95 The erection of 
such mills is not to be recommended universally. 1844 
H. H. Witson Brit. Zndia U1. 187 ‘Their respect for his 
memory was evinced by the erection of a monumental 
column. 

b. concr. That which is built up or reared; a 
building, structure. /¢. and fig. 

1609 Manch. Crt. Leet Rec. (1885) 11. 242 Two small erec- 
tions latelye adjoyned to the houses called the red houses. 
1614 RAveicuH //ist. World 11. 286 ‘The English were driven 
to make such an erection upon a fable, or person fained. 
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 11, 164 There is in Perthshire a 
barrow which seems to bea British erection, 1831 BrewsTER 
Newton (1855) I. xxi. 253 It .. is surmounted by a wooden 
erection said to have been Newton’s private observatory. 


7. Astrol. The construction of a scheme or 
figure of the heavens. Ods. 

1610 B. Jonson Ach. 1v. iv, By erection of her figure, I 
gest it. 

8. a. Constitution or establishment (of an office, 
institution, etc.). b. Investment with a specified 


condition. 

1508 Fisuer Hs, 184 This mercyfull ereccion and buyld- 
ynge of crystes chirche. 1577-87 Ho.insHEep Chron. Scot?. 
(1587) 68/1 After the first erection of the Scotish Kingdome. 
1664 H. More Myst. Jig. 506 Erection into life. 17ox 
Bre. Atrersury Sevm. (1740) I. vii. 255 From their [the 
Jews’] first Erection into a People, down to their final Ex- 
cision. 1706 tr. Dupin’s Eccl, Hist. 16th C. 11. 1v. iii. 406 
The Bull of Erection [of Bishopricks] was despatched. 
1796 Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 187 Any capital in- 
novation which may amount to the erection of a dangerous 
nuisance. 1863 H. Cox /mstit. 1. x. 240 The statute .. pro- 
hibits the erection of any such courts hereafter. 1885 10¢/ 
Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 34 He consolidated his possessions 
by obtaining their erection into a barony. 

Erective (‘rektiv), @. [f. Erecr v. + -1ve.] 
Tending to erect or set upright. 


21611 Corcrave, Evectif, erective. 1847 in CraiG; and 
in mod. Dicts. 

Erectly (érektli), adv. [f. Enecr a. + -Ly2.] 
In an erect manner or posture. 

In speaking of posture the sense is now commonly ex- 
pressed by the adj., as 70 walk erect. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. i. 181 Birds. .generally 
carry their heads erectly like man. 1682 — Chr. Mor. 99 
Be not under any brutal metempsychosis while thou livest 
and walkest about erectly under the scheme of man. 1796 
C. MarsHa.t Garden. xii. (1813) 144 A weak tree is helped 
much by training it more erectly than usual. 1801 Strutr 
Sports §& Past. 1. vi. 225 A goat walking erectly on his 
hinder feet. 1808 Scorr Marm. 1, xxxii, The locks, that 
wont her brow to shade, Start up erectly from her head. 
1824-9 LANpor /mag. Conv. (1846) 11. 4 The Greeks were 
under disadvantages .. yet they rose through them vigor- 
ously and erectly. 

b. Comb, erectly-spreading a. Bot. ‘ between 


erect and spreading’. 1849 in Paxton Bot. Dict. 


Erectness (érektnés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
1. The quality or condition of being erect; an 


erect attitude. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 180 One kinde of Locust 
.. stands ..in a large erectnesse .. by Zoographers called 
mantis. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. 1. i, Persons [who] 
.. think not the erectness of man’s stature a sufficient dis- 
tinction of him from Brutes. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa 
(1811) IV. 208 The erectness of her mien. 181x L. Hawkins 
C’tess & Gertr. 11. 379 For the use of these, he set up a 

rpendicular staff, as a stan of erectness, 1862 Gro. 
re Romola 1. xv. (1863) III. 263 In the renunciation 
of her proud erectness, her mental attitude seemed changed. 


ERECTOPATENT. 


(1852) 142 We should retain something of the erectness and 
openness of our first unbiassed thoughts. 1878 Bayne Purit. 
ev. ii. 47 A refreshing sense of moral erectness. 

+2. Altitude. Obs. rare—. 

1612 Brerewoop Lang. § Relig. xiii. 134 The highest sort 
rd _ [mountains] pass not in perpendicular erectness 10 

‘urlongs. x. 

Erectopatent (ére:kto,pe'tént, péitént), a. 
[f. érecto- used as combining form of L. érectus 
(see ErEcr Fae a.) + PATENT. : 

a. Bot. Having a position intermediate between 
erect and spreading. b. Zxtom. ‘When the 
primary wings of an insect at rest are erect and 
the secondary horizontal ’ (Maunder 1848). 

“e —- in Proc. Berw, Nat. Club U1. 290 Those 
on the back are capitate and barbed with numerous erecto- 
patent spinules. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 18 Fumaria 
densiflora ., pedicels erecto-patent. 

Erector (‘re‘kta1). Also 6-erecter. [f. Erecr 
v. +-0R.] One who, or that which, erects. 

1, One who erects or rears a building, statue, etc. 

1538 Levanp /tin. III. % Richard Poure..first Erector 
of the Cathedral Chirch of New Saresbyri. 3 Homilies 
u. Peril Idol. (1859) 239 Therefore woe be to the erecter, 
setter up, and maintainer of images in churches and temples. 
1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1. 


(T.), Rehoboam’s | 


young counsellors were, in some relation, the Erectors of | 


Jeroboam’s calves. 1823 Scorr Peveril i, William Peveril 
..the erector of that Gothic fortress. 1884 Birmghm. Daily 
Post 24 Jan. 3/5 Good Bridge Erectors and Carpenters. 

+ 2. One who institutes an office, rule, or prac- 
tice ; the founder of an institution ; also, one who 
sets up a candidate or pretender. Ods. exc. as fig. 
of I. 

1548 in Stow Surv. (1754) I. ut. v. 580/2 Their [the Hos- 
pitals’) chiefe Erector being dead. 1580 Nortu Plutarch 
(1676) 246 And for the holy Band .. Gorgidas was the first 
erector of the same. 1609 Man in Moone (1849) 16 Idlenesse 
patrone, Pride’s founder, Gluttonies erector. 1611 SpEED 
Theat. Gt. Brit. (1614) 66 The erectors of Lambert, a coun- 
terfet Warwick. 1648 King’s Messages for Peace 73 The 
erectors and propugnators of the Presbyterian Discipline in 
Scotland. 1754 Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 463 Pherecydes was 
the original erecter of it. 1803 Bincuam in NV. & Q. Ser. 
ut. III. 76 They were .. simply the result of a fashion, or 
the taste, or means of the erecter. 1850 Mrs. BrowninG 
Poems 1. 153 How I, The erector of the empire in his hand, 
—Am bent beneath that hand. 

3. Optics. = erecting-glass (see Erectine vl. 
sb. 2). 

4. A term applied to certain muscles, from their 
office in causing erection in any part of the body. 


Also attrtb., as in erector-muscle. 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 187 The erector muscles of 
the spine. 1857 Buttock tr. Cazeaux’ Midwif. 42 The 
clitoris..has..an erector muscle. 1876 Dunrinc Dis. Skin 
29 Erectores pili or erectors of the hair. 


+ Erege. Ods. See also Ernire. [a. OF. ervege, 


herege (corresp. to Pr. heretge, Sp. herege):—L. 


hereticus: see HERETIC.] A heretic. 

1340 Ayend. 40 Verst huanne me dra3p uoulliche pet bodi 
of oure lhorde aze dob pe ereges. and be wychen. 

Erelong (éulgn), adv. [f. Exe prep. + Lone 
adv.; sometimes written as two words.] Before 
long ; before the lapse of much time; soon. Of 
future time ; also (arch.) of past. 

1577 Harrison England u1 viii. (1878) 1. 52 Whereby he 
receiued a wound that yer long killed him altogither, 21586 
Sipyey(J.), Erelong he had not only gotten pity but pardon. 
1714 H. Grove Sect. No. 635 P 4, I .. shall e’er long shoot 
away with the Swiftness of Imagination. 1777 Sir W. 
Jones Pal. Fortune 31 Erelong the damsel reach’d her 
native vale. 1809 Soutuey in Q. Rev. I1. 60 English. . will 
probably ere long be .. blended with their language. — 
Mrs. Browninc Poems I, 331 Erelong Ye brake off in the 
middle of that song. ‘ . 

|| Eremacausis (e:r/mak9'sis). Chem. [mod. 
L., f. Gr. hpéua quietly + «adors burning, f. xatew to 
burn; cf. Fr, évémacause.] ‘A slow combustion 
taking place in presence of air and water, and 
accompanied by a kind of fermentation’ (Watts). 

1847 in Craic. ¢ 1865 Lernesy in Circ. Sc. 1. 89/1 The 
phenomena termed Lremacausis, or slow burning «+ Wit- 
nessed in the glowing of phosph 1881 Ac ty 12 
Mar, 192 Their infil on er 

+Eremigate, v. Ods—° [f. erémigat- ppl. 
stem of érémigare, f. 2 out+remigare to row.] 
trans. To row or sail through or over; to navigate. 
Hence Eremiga‘tion. 

1623 in Cockeram 1. & 11. 

48 B-remi . Obs, Also 6 heremitage, 
-etage. [var. of HERMITAGE; see EREMITE and-aGE. ] 

1, The state or condition of a hermit. 

1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Luke xxi. 1 marg, Solitarinesse or 
heremitage. .is a goodly thing. 1619 Sctater Lx. 1 Thess. 
(1630) 50 Iohn Baptist professed a kinde of E 4 

2. The dwelling of a hermit. 

¢x400 Maunpev. viii. (1839) 93 There ben ane ee 
mytages where heremytes weren wont to duel 1 
Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 301 The lordis .. Decretit hes for 
Feachar his bruther To send richt sone.. Far furth in 


France into ane heremetage. 1612 SHELTON Quix. 1. IV. 
xxv. I. 572 A leaden Box, which as he eal om found 


in the ruines of an old Eremitage. 2847 in Craic, 


‘us. 


270 


3. The name of a wine (see HERMITAGE). 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 11. 352 The best sorts of French 
wine are .. muscat, frontigniac, eremitage. 

Eremital (e'r/maital), @. Also 7 heremitall. 
[ad. F. heremital, f. late L. (h)erémita; see Erx- 
MITE and -AL.] Of or belonging to an eremite, 
characteristic of an eremite. 

1613 Witners Abuses Stript & Whipt u. Sat. iii, Some 
hold them wise and vertuous that possesse An Heremitall 
solitarinesse. 43 Soutuey Doctor (1849) Ixviii. 146 An 
eremital way of life would have been more rational. 

+Evremita:ry, 2. Ots. rare—'. In 5 here- 
mytarye. [ad. med.L. h)erémitarius, f. erémita: 
see EREMITE and -ARY.] = prec. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr, (W. de W. 495) u. 179 a/2 A 
hermyte .. afore his professyon in the lyfe heremytarye. 

Eremite (er/mait). Forms: 3 eremite, 3-7 
heremite, -yte, 5 herimyte, 3- eremite. [ad. 
late L. erémita (med.L. herémita, ad. eccl. Gr. 
épnuirns, f. épnuia a desert, f. épfjuos uninhabited. 
In OF. the regular phonetic descendant of late L. 
(A\erémita was (h)ermite with loss of the middle 
syllable (see Hermir); but the L. word was also 
adapted in OF. as (A)eremite, and this was taken 
into ME. Originally A)eremite and h)ermit(e, 
Hermit, were employed indiscriminately; but 
from about the middle of the 17th c. they have 
been differentiated in use, hermit being the ordi- 
nary and popular word, while eremzte (always 
spelt without the ge eg ga A) is used either 
poet. or rhetorically, or with special reference to 
its primitive use in Gr.] 

1. One who has retired into solitude from reli- 
gious motives; a recluse, hermit. 

Said esp. of the Christian solitaries from the 3rd_ cent. 
onwards, as distinguished from the ccenobites, who, though 
withdrawn from the world, lived as members of a com- 
munity. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 85 Seint iohan baptist pe on his 
childhode bicom eremite. 1205 Lay. 18804 Pene xremite 
[1275 heremite] he iseh come. ax Hampote Psalter ci. 7 
Heremytis .. pat flees be felaghshipe of men. 1387 Trevisa 
Higden (Rolls) V. 87 Paule pe firste heremyte. 1486 Bs. 
St. Albans F. vija, An Obseruans of herimytis. 298 if 
Hooker Girald. /red. in Holinshed (1808) V1. 113 A Satyre 
in the wildernesse did talke with Antonie the heremite. 
1 Mitton P. L. 1. 474 Embryo’s and Idiots, Eremits 
and Friers. 1764 Maccaine tr. Mosheim’s Eccl, Hist. iii. 
§15 The Eremites .. seem to have deserved no other re- 
proach than that of a delirious and extravagant fanaticism. 
1812 Byron Cé. Har. 1. iv, His native land .. seemed to 
him more lone than Eremite’s sad cell. 


1874 H. ReyNoips | 


Fohn Baft. viii. so8 The law of the eremite and the cceno- | 


bite corresponds with the transitory dispensation of John. 
b. transf. (By Milton used with allusion to the 
lit. sense ‘ desert-dweller ’. ) 

1671 Mitton P, &.1.8 Thou Spirit who ledst this glorious 
Eremite Into the Desert. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. x, The 
twilight Eremites of books and closets, 1847 Emerson 
Woodnotes Wks. (Bohn) I. 430 The little eremite Flies gaily 
forth, and sings in sight. 

2. In the formal designation of certain monastic 
orders: e.g. Eremites (Hermits) of St. Augustine, 
a branch of the Augustinian Friars. 

1577-87 Ho.tnsHep Chron. III. 926/1 At Padua in the 
church of the heremites ofsaint Augustine. 1651 Life Father 
Sarpi (1676) 6 The mother begun to have almost a perpetual 


conversation among those immur’d Heremites of Saint Her- | 


magora. 1 Noortuouck /fist. Lond. 600 'The founder 
of the eremites of St. Anthony. 

3. A (? quasi-religious) mendicant, a vagabond 
(see HERMIT). 

Act 11 Hen. VII, c.2 $3 Every vagabounde heremyte 
or begger able to labre, 

4. attrib. 

1651 W. CartwriGut Ordinary 1. v.in Hazl. Dodsley X11. 
231 Let us try To win that old eremite thing. 1816 Scorr 

ntig. xx, Like a grey palmer, or eremite her. 
CartyLe Past & Pr. (1858) 250 Eremite fanaticisms 
fakeerings. 1861 J. Suerrarp Fadl Rome xi. 587 ere- 
mite and monastic theory of the Christian life which was 
then almost universally held. 

Eremiteship (er/moitfip). [f. Eremire + 
-SHIP.] The condition of being a hermit. 

@ 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N, T: (1618) 152 The 
Eremitship of Elias and Iohn Baptist. 

Eremitic (er/mittik), z, Also 5 heremytyke. 
[f. as prec. +-10.] Of or ing to an eremite. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 423/2, I do seke a place for to 
lede my lyf heremytyke and ayer 1859 I. Taytor 
Logic in Theol. 170 The romance of the eremitic life must 
be abandoned as impracticable. 1864 Lowe. Fireside 
Trav. 75 The eremitic instinct is not peculiar to the Thebais, 

Eremitical (er/mitikil), a. Also 6 here- 
meticall, 7-8 -itical, 6-8 eremetical(l.  [f. 
prec. + -AL.] 

1. Of or pertaining to an eremite ; characteristic 
of or habitual to an eremite. 

1577 Harrison Descr. Brit. ix. in Holinshed {rion 2, 46 
The heremeticall profession was onelie allowed of in Bri- 
taine, 1601 F. Gopwin Bs. of Eng. Affecting much an 
Eremiticall and solitarie life. 1693 G. D’Emitianne Hist. 
Monast. Ord. xii. 101 That he might learn the Eremetical 
Trade. 1814 L. Hunt Feast of —_ (1815) Notes 97 The 

t 7 


ERER. 


penewing nomeinted ited with these..eremitical stations when 
2. Of or pertaining to an order of Eremite friars. 
See EREMITE 2. 


fathers 
ugustine, tr. Buschii Syst. “e & 
sme, hal, real con in 
w iss WINKWorTH tr. s Li 
Serm. 89 The eremitical Coelestines .. seem also to have 
4 fat 6 hese Spiritual Franci 

Eremitish (erimaitif), z. [f. Eremire +-IsH.] 

an eremite ; befitting an eremite. 

1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit. § Vows 1. 90 Christian good- 
fellowship better than an eremitish a 9 melancholike soli- 
tarinesse. 1833 T. Mepwin in aes aad 61 The 
Guiccioli .. seemed by no means to ii ilord’s ere- 
mitish diet. 1880 L. Wattace Ben-Hur 213 A priest .. 
never being more perfectly eremitish. 

Eremitism (e'r/maitizm). [f. Eres + -1sM.] 
The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from 
social life. In mod. Dicts. 

Erende, etc., obs. form of ERRAND, etc. 

+E Obs. Forms: 1 &rendwreea, 
érendwrica, érendwreca, - 
draca, 2 erndraca, erndrache, 3 erndrake, 
erendrake, (herindrak), 2—3 erendrake. [OE. 
ékrendwreca (=ON. eyrindrekt), f. erende ERRAND 
+ wrecan to tell. The form -vaca perhaps repre- 
sents a different ablaut-grade of the same root.] 
A messenger, ambassador. 

c82s Vesp. Psalter \xviili]. 32 Cumad erendwrecan of 
Egyptum. c8go K. AELrrep Seda v. xxi, Sende he erendra- 
can. - Bede Glosses 10 Legatis, erendwrica. ¢ 1000 Ags. 
Gosp. Luke xiv. 32 He sent zrynd-racan [c 1160 [Hatton 
erendraken] and bitt sibbe. a 1175 Cott. Hom. 231 Pa sende 
se King his aerndraches of fif n to alle his underpeoden. 
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 On holie erndrake brohte pe 
holie godspelle fram heuene. c120g5 Lay. 660 Heo nomen 
anne e#rendrake [c 1275 herindrak]. 

Erenow (é*1nau'), adv. Forms: see Ere and 
Now ; oftef’ as two words. Before this time. 

1340 Cursor M. 2 (Trin.) She is clene as she was ar 
now. bid, 17785 (Fairf.) Ye wold nevir yt leve or now. 
I Lane. P. P27. C. vin, 181 Ich seyh neuere 
with pyk ne with scrippe Asken after hym, er now in bys ilke 
place. 1553 T. Witson R het. (1567) 47b, He hath ie suche 
shiftes for money ere-now, that, etc. 1 tr. Bullinger’s 
Decades (1592) 258 The very same words, other before 
me.. haue vsed yer now. fig « Regpeninn Cong. Granada 
Ye My father has repented erenow. 1774 GoLpsM. 

fat. Hist. (1776) 11. 384 The whole species would have 
ere now extin; . 31828 HawrnorNe Fanshawe 
viii. (1879) 140, I have done enough, erenow, to insure its 
heaviest weight. 

+ Ere ppl. a. Obs.-° [ad. L. erept-us, 

. pple. of érzpére, f. & out + rapére to snatch.] 

Snatched away. 1736 in Baitey. 

Erept (rept), v. rare. [f. L. Zrept- (see prec.).] 
trans. To snatch away, carry off. 

1865 A thenzum No. 1951. 376/3 Pluto erepts Proserpine. 

} iireptation, Ole tn, £. L. creplre 
to creep forth.] ‘A creeping forth.’ 


Beer Siem ¢ a. mn). [ad — f 
ption (/re‘pfon). [ad. L. éeption-em, n. o 
action f. éripére.] The action o ing or 


tang see. 
1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 341 The suddaine and in- 
ed ereption of Isaac from that his imminent and in- 


tended death. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 
(ed. 2) 246 The recovery of the civil inheritance 
tatis petitio might be unavailing by 

ereption for /) itas. ~ 
+Evrer, a. and adv. Obs. Forms: adj. 1 
érra (m.), érre (f. and n,), 2 serra, (2 erra, 3 
earre, eror, errure, 4 erore); adv. 1 éror, -ur, 
-ure), 4-6 Sc. erar(e, (4 
OE. adj. érra 


corresponds to OHG, éiro, One atriza:—OTeut. 
*airizon-, {. *airiz adv.: see Enz. The OE, adv. 
éror is a new formation after the analogy of 
advb. comparatives in -or (:—OTeut. -z); the OE. 
#r (:—*airiz), owing to the loss of the suffix, not 
being distinctly shown by its form to be a com- 
parative. Cf. OHG., éror of similar formation.] 

A. &. Former. 


Poste Gaius u. 
w7s heredi- 
or 


© 888 » Kavenn Reeth, =e SSO ee 
his zrran god. 1000 Elene 305 (Gr.) Se deade sylf 
woruld awehte .. in pat wrre lif. cxx75 Hom. 95 


1. Before, formerly, at a former time. 


Beowulf 810 Se pe fe ror, modes 
trang gee, Gon fat Gp) Sm 
zerur on um ¢ 
Coll. Hom. 183 Uncude men fon to be aihte 
waren. ¢ 1205 Lay. 17459 Merlin heom 

den arer. @12g0 Night, 1736 Al swo hit w: 


pred (Wordsworth) .. n hes | 


on,—that of reverie, etc. _ 1876 
J. H. Newman Hist, Sk U1, 1 ii. 314 [An] opportunity of 


& 7: 
erur .» Pol, Rel. §& L. Poems 221 And of pat 
erer war bie Nou sisal he Gone cag 


ERESIE. 


2. Sooner, rather, in preference; also with han. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 458 Thai war sum tyme erar may 
then les. ¢1425 Wyntoun Crom. vu. Prol. 32 Swa erare 
will I now ches me To be reprowyd of = Dan 
blame to thole of wnkyndnes. 1513-75 Diurn. Occurr. 
(1833) 93 Erar to hasert the samyn ypoun the chance of 
battell, than continwallie to be in feir of thair life. x: 
App. Hamiton Catech. (1884) 30 He chesit earar to thoile 
ane cruel deid. 1560 RoLtanp Crt. Venus 1. 527 He wald 
preuaill the erar I assure. 

Eresie, obs. form of Hrergsy, 

+Eresop. Oés. Also ersope. [?f. Ear sd. + 
Soap.] App. = Ear-wax: see quots. 

[c 1225 Joun pe GartaNnpe in Wright Vocad. 121 Duo 
cornua, quibus vicine sunt aures, per quas colera expur- 
gatur.] ¢x1450 Nominale in Wr.-Wiilcker 676 Hec colera, 
the ersope. ¢1475 Pict. Voc., ibid. ad Hec colera (MS. 
tolera], a pe. [a 1500 Nominale, ibid, 676 note, Colera, 


arwax.] 

Erest, var. of Ersr. 

+ Eret, v, Ods. [var. of ARET.] = ARET v. I. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 53a, It shalbe eretted the 
foly of the elder sister that shee wolde agree to the par- 
ticion. 

Erethism (e't/piz’m). Path. [ad. Fr. éréthisme, 
ad. Gr, épeOiopds, f. épeOiCev to irritate. 

(A misspelling exy¢hiswz, due to false etymology, occurs in 
many medical books.)] 

Excitement of an organ or tissue in an unusual 
degree ; also ¢vansf. morbid over-activity of the 
mental powers or passions. 

1800 Med. Frni. IV. 370 Producing ..a very useful per- 
spiration, without augmenting the irritation or erethism in 
pa parts. 1833 Cycl. Pract. Med. 11. 104 Mercurial 
erethism. The word erethismus..has hitherto been almost 
exclusively confined to that species of erethism which some- 
times arises from the use of mercury. 1836-7 Sir W. Ha- 
MILTON Metaph. xliii. (1870) II. 456 The powers are in ex- 
cessive vigour,—at least in excessive erethism or excitation. 
1847 Topp Cycl. Anat. III. 56/2 His stomach was in a 
continued state of erethism. 1859 BuckniLt in Sat. Rev. 
Sept. 288 A fancy usually so cold and impassive, but now 
in agonising erethism. 

Erethismic (er/pi-zmik), a. [f. prec. + -10.] 
Resembling or of the nature of erethism. 

1846 G. Day tr. Simon’s Anim. Chem. 11, 257 An ere+ 
thismic type of fever. 

Erethistic (er‘pistik), 2. [ad. Gr. épeQiorix- 
és, f. épeBiCetv to irritate.] Relating to erethism. 

In mod. Dicts. 

Eretike, -yck, obs. forms of HERETIC, 

Erew, obs. var. of ARGH. 

+ E:reward,s. Ods. Also 3 erward. [ME. eve- 
ward, OE. ¢rfe-weard, f. erfe (igrfe, yrfe) inherit- 
ance + weard keeper, lord] An heir. Also 
in comb. ereward-riche [+ ME. riche, OE. rice 
dominion], inheritance. 

cg975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xxi, 38 pis is se erfe-weard. 
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xx. 14 Her ys se yrfe-weard. c1250 
Gen. § Ex. 934 Of Se self sal Sin erward ten. did. 1512 
Two doles of ereward riche auen. 

+ Evreward, adv. Ols. rare. In 5 erward. 
[f. Eng adv.+-warD.] Before, previously. 

14... Tundale’s Vis. 1844 Within that wall come they 
sone As they hadon erward done. 

Erewhile (é1,hwei'l), adv. Forms: see ERE 
and WuHILE, A while before, some time ago, 
formerly. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 20304 Me com tiband arquil fra heuen. 
e1305 St. Andrew ox in E. E. P. (1862) 100 Ic iseo mie 
swete louerd : and erwhile ic ise3 |e abydep me til ic come. 
c Gesta Rom, iv. 10 (Harl. MS, i, I seide to you 
ps cg pat, etc. Tinpace Yohn ix. 27, I tolde you 

rwhile, and ye did nott heare. 1595 Locrine u. v. 154, 
¥ that erewhile did scare mine enemies. .Must now depart, 
a1678 Marvett Wks. III. 522 The tree erewhile fore- 
shortned to our view. ee | Ramsay TJea-t, Misc. (1733) I. 
129 Forth that foam'd and roar’d erewhile Glides calmly 


down. 1810 Scott Lady of L. u. iii, Remember then thy 
hap erewhile. 1 Morris Earthly Par. 1. ut. 461 The 
faces weeping lay tt erewhile laughed the loudest. 


So + Erewhi'les, adv. [see WHILES]. 

1564 R. Scor Disc. Witcher. 550 The Pneumatomachi .. 
did erwhiles ioine themselues to those that were sound of 
iudgement. 1598 Mucedorus in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 211 
Erewhiles assaulted with an ugly bear: Fair Amadine in 
company all alone. 1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Banished 


271 


¢1200 OrmIn 1788 Patt allterr patt tatt errfe blod Wass 
e33wher strennkedd onne. c12g0 Gen. § Ex. 3177 Al erf- 
kin hauen he ut-led. 

Erf? (Sif). [a. Du. ev/ in same sense, orig, ‘ in- 
heritance’: see prec.] In South Africa: ‘A garden 
plot, usually containing about half-an-acre’ (Web- 
ster). Also aftrzb., as in erf-license. 

1887 in Barker's Trade & Finance 23 Mar. 3. 

Erfeth, etc., var. ff. ARVETH, etc. Ods. 

Erg (51g). Physics, Also ergon, [ad. Gr. 
€py-ov work.] 

1. The unit of work, according to the centimetre- 
gramme-second system ; z.¢. the quantity of work 
done by a force which, acting for one second upon 
a mass of one gramme produces a velocity of one 
centimetre per second. 

3873 Brit. Assoc. Rep. 224 We propose to denote it [the 
C. G.S. unit of work] by some derivative of the Greek épyor. 
The forms evgon, ergal and ery have been suggested .. We 
propose, for the present, to leave the termination unsettled; 

we request that the word evox or evg be strictly limited 
to the C. G. S. unit of work, or what is for purposes of 
measurement, equivalent to this the C. G. S, unit of energy. 
1874 Maxwe tv in Le (1882) 632 Your sum of Vital energy 
Is not the millionth of an erg. 1875 Garnetr Elen, Dy- 
namics (1889)§ 63 The C. G.S. unit of work is that done by 
a dyne in working through a centimetre and is called an erg. 

2. Comb, as erg-nine, erg-ten, the product of 
an erg multiplied respectively by 10° and 10”, 

1873 Brit. Assoc. Rep. 224 One horse-power is equal to 
three quarters of an erg-ten per second. More nearly, it is 
7:46 erg-nines per second, 

+Evrgasy. Ods. rare—'. [ad. Gr. épyacia 
working, production, f. épya{ec@a to work, f, 
épyov work.] A literary production, a treatise. 

1637 R. Humpnrey tr. St. Ambrose Pref., Ending the 
whole ergasie or tractate with it. 

Ergh, dial. form of Aru. 

|| Ergo (51g0), adv. Logic. [L. evgo therefore.} 
A word used (like Eng. ‘ therefore’) to mark the 
conclusion of a syllogism. 

2a 1400 Chester Pi. (Shaks, Soc.) 11. 45 Ergo, a kinge thou 
arte or was. 1503 Hawes Exam. Virt. v. 52 Ergo my 
labour was not in vayn. 1562 Cooper Answ. Priv. Masse 
(1850) 108 Ergo it ought to remain indifferent. 1625 W. 
PEeMBLE Justification (1629) 131 To rebell against the Law 
is sinne. Ergo, To haue a rebellious inclination is sinne 
likewise. 1780 Cowper Le?¢, 23 June, Ergo (I have reached 
the conclusion at last) I did not mean to flatter you. 1846 
GREENER Sc. Gunnery 343 ‘Ergo’ says one, if a 56lb. ball 
can be thrown 34 miles, certain a 68lb. ball can be thrown 
further, for ‘ weight is power’, 

+ Evrgo, so. Obs. 

1.The adverb evgo used as a name for itself; 
hence, a conclusion, a conclusive authorization. 

1589 R. Harvey P?. Perc, 20 Such a quoile about fro and 
con, such vrging of Exvgoes. a 1613 OverBURY A Wife (1638) 
125 The currant of his speech is clos’d with an Ergo. 1654 
R. WuitLock Zootomia 259 We come not to the Ergo of 
our knowledge untill we come to the conclusion of our 
daies. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. vi. § 25 No conclusive 
argument could then be framed without the Ergo of the 
Royall assent. F 

2. nonce-use. A ‘logic-chopper’. 

st Ret. Parnass. 111.1. 979, 1 reward the poor ergoes 
most bountifullie, and send them away. 

+ Evrgo, v. Obs. [f. Erco adv. ; cf. Ercor v.] 
intr. To use the term ego. In quot. quasi-trans. 
_ 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 14 He will ergo Martin 
into an ague. 

Ergoism (S'1gojiz’m). [f. as prec.+-1sm.] Pe- 
dantic adherence to logically constructed rules. 

1864 Burton Scot Aér. II. 262 All [Law's] suggestions 
were subject to that ‘ergoism’, as it is aptly termed, of the 
French. 

Ergometer (argy'métar).  [f. Gr. épyo-y work 
+ Hérpov measure.] An instrument for measuring 
work or energy. 

1879 in THomson & Tarr Nat. Phil, 1.1. § 436. 1884 Na- 
ture XXX. 3 July 220 Work-measuring dynamometers, or 
ergometers, as the author terms them. 

+ Evrgonist. Ods. rare—1. [? f. Erco + -187, after 
Platonist, etc.] ?One who is fond of saying 
‘ergo’; a wrangling logician. 

1593 NasHe Four Lett. Confut. 32 This I will iustifie 
t any Dromidote Ergonist whatsoeuer. 


The very same you saw me with er 1755 


Virgin 26 
1 OHNSON. 
sermon, var. of ARAIN, ods., spider. 
+ Erf 1, Obs. Also 2-3 erfe, (Orm. errfe), erve. 
Common Teut.: OE. ¢7/e, 277, yvfe, corresp. to 
Fris, erve (Du. exf), OHG. erdz, arbi (MHG. 
and Ger. erée), Goth. arbi:—OTeut. *artjo(m 
neut. ‘inheritance’ (ON. has a7fr masc., whence 
Sw. arf, Da. arv), related to Gr, déppavés orphan, 
L. orbus bereft. Cf. Orr.] 
For the specially Eng. devel 
1. Cattle. 


1154 O. E. Chron, an. 112 
and on erue. cxr200 Trin. 


it of 


ing, cf. cattle. 


P 


tsb and and cwealm on men 
‘oll. Hom. 39 Dese fower man- 
nisshe .. bed bat erf be bo herdes ouer wuakeden. c¢ 1200 
Orin 1068 Off patt errfe batt tar wass Drihhtin to lake 
jarrkedd. cx12go Gen. § Ex. 2750 Moyses ..wattrede here 
erue euerilc on. Jbid. 3018 cy erf sal al for-faren. 
a 1300 E, E. Psalter cxlviii. 10 Bestes and alle erfes ma. 

2. Comb. + erfe-blood, blood of animals ; +erf- 
kin, the race of animals, cattle. 


Ergot (Sugg), sd. [2. Fr. ergot, OF. argot 
cock’s spur: see Ancor 1,] 

1. A diseased transformation of the seed of rye 
and other grasses, being really the sclerotium or 
hardened mycelium of a fungus (Claviceps pur- 
purea), in colour dark-violet, and in form resem- 
bling a cock’s spur; hence the name. Also, the 
disease consisting in this transformation. 

1683 Weekly Mem. Ingen. 151 That malignity.. breeding 
in the ears of corn certain black grains called. in Sologne, 
Ergots. 1762 Bones in Phil. Trans. LII. 533 The gentle- 
men of the academy were of opinion, that the disease .. was 
produced .. by bread, in which there was a great quantity 
of ergot. 1793 T. Beppors Calculus, etc. 209 The disease 
of rye called ergot is exactly analogous to the scurvy in 
animals. 1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 879 We give 
to the seeds of rye altered by this disease, the name of ergot 
of rye, 1863 NV. Brit. Rev. May 379 An extraordinary 
disease, called ergot, occurs on wheat and rye. 

b. The diseased seed of rye used medicinally. 

1860 TANNER Pregnancy v. 266 The ergot of Tye will often 


ERGOTIZE. 


excite contractions, and cause the uterus to empty itself, 
1876 Hartey Mat, Med. 365 Ergot seems to have been first 
used as a medicine by the profession in France and the United 
States. 1880 N. Kerr in Mech. Temp. Frni. July 151 Half 
a drachm of the ergot was given every fifteen minutes. 

Qc. (See quot.) 

1764 Baker in Phil. Trans. LV. 107, I observed a disease 
mentioned under the appellation of Ergot, a name borrowed 
from its supposed cause, viz. vitiated rye. 

2. Farriery. ‘A small horny capsule on each 
side of the claw or horny envelope of the digits 
in Ruminants and Pachyderms’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 
Cf, Arcor1, 

3. Anat. (See quot.) 

1840 G. Exiis Anat. 41 The hippocampus minor or ‘ergot’ 
is a projection in the floor of the posterior extremity or 
cornu of the lateral ventricle [of the rain). 

Hence E-rgoted f//. a., tainted with ergot. 

1841 Frnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11.1. 16 A poor man..ven- 
tured to make bread of some ergotted rye. 1869 E. A. 
Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 222 Flour .. may be ergoted 
or grown and fermenting. 

+Evrgot, v. Obs. rare. Also 7 ergat. [a. F. 
ergot-er ‘to rise on his toes, wrangle’ (Cotgr.), f. 
ergot (cf. Ancor!) the spur of a cock; but the 
word was associated both in Fr. and Eng. with 
Erco.] zutr. To argue, wrangle. 

1653 Urqunarr Radelais 1. xvii, After they had well er- 
goted pro and con, they concluded in Baralipton, that, etc. 
a 1658 Hewyr Servi. (1658) 178 Little doth it concern us 
what the school-men ergat in their schools. 

+ Ergoteerr, v. Ods. [as if f. *ergoteer sb., f. 
Erco (confused with Ercor v.) +-EER. Cf. next.] 
intr, To argue, wrangle. 

Hence Ergotee‘rer, a wrangler. 
vol. sb., wrangling. 

1687 Stiviincri. Vind, Answ. Papers conc. Authority 
Cath, Ch. 104 They are a sort of Ergoteerers, who are for 
a Concedo rather than a Nego, Jdid. 109 This Gentleman 
sets himself to Ergoteering. 

|| Ergoteur (ergot6r). [Fr. evgoteur, agent-n. 
f. ergoter : see ERGoT v.] = prec. 

1881 19¢ Cent. Sept. 325 Mr. Gladstone and this famous 
ergoteur are the only people living who have boundless 
faith in reasoning. 

Ergotic (aigp'tik), a. [f. Ercor sd.+-1c.] Of 
or pertaining to ergot; resulting from the action 
of ergot. 

Ergotic acid, ‘a volatile acid said to exist in Ergot of 
rye’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 

1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 546 It is.. very doubtful 
whether the ergotic spasm is decat in its origin. 

+ Ergo'tic, 2.2 Ods.-° In 7 -ique. [a. Fr. 
ergotique; cf. Ercor v.] Sophistical, cavilling, 
full of conclusions, 168x in Broun Glossogr. 

Ergotine (sug/tin). [f. Ercor sd. + -1Nr.] 
The active principle of ergot of rye. 

1851 R. Huntin Art Fond. Catal. Gt. Exhib. w. p. xv*/t 
Sardinia contributes many chemical products .. amongst 
others .. ergotine. 1875 H. Woop Theraf. (1879) 543 In 
the frog the injection of a gramme of ergotin caused a dia- 
stolic arrest of the heart. 

Hence Ergo'tinine. Chem. [ + -INE],‘an unstable 
alkaloid existing in very small quantity in ergot’ 
(Watts). : 

1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 541 Of all the substances 
named, the crystallizable ergotinine of Tauret seems most 
promising. | : 

Ergotism ! (S-1g/tiz’m). [f. Ercor sé, + -1sM.] 

1. The disease (in grasses) consisting in the for- 
mation of ergot. 

1853 Pharmaceut. Frni. XIII. 13 Mr. Blyth drew atten- 
tion to the subject of the ergotism of grasses. 

2. The disease produced by eating bread made 
from flour affected by ergot. 

1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 222 The most 
important disease connected with flour is..ergotism. 1876 
Bartuoiow Mat, Med. (1879) 289 Chronic ergotism. .exists 
in two forms, the convulsive and gangrenous. 

3. The use of ergot for poisoning animals. 

1884 A. WitLows in Axstralasian 8 Nov. 875/4 The 
special claims of ergotism .. are its cheapness, etc. — 

Ergotism ? (S:1gdtiz’m). [a. Fr. exgotisme, f. 
L. erxgo, associated with evgoter: see Ergot v.] 
a. Arguing, quibbling, wrangling. b. Logical 
conclusions, 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr, Mor. 
(1756) 60 States are not governed by ergotisms. 1685 Cor- 
TON Montaigne 1. 269, I think these lowsy ergotismes and 
little sophistry .. are the cause, 1775 in AsH. 1847 in 
Craic ; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Evrgotist. O¢s. [a. Fr. ergotiste (Mon- 
taigne): cf. prec.] A quibbler, pedantic logician. 

1739 tr. Algarotti on Newton's Theory (1742) I. 188 De- 
claiming .. against the ancient Philosophy .. stigmatizing 
those who profess it with the Title of Ergotists. 

Ergotization (Sig/teizéi-fon). [f next + 
-ATION, See -ATION.] The action or process of 
poisoning by ergot of rye. 

1886 Brit. Med. Frni. 30 Jan. 198/1, 

Ergotize (Sigfteiz), v.! [f. Ercor sd. +-128.] 
trans. To affect with or transform into ergot. 

Hence E:rgotized A//. a. : 

1860 Gard. Chron. 29 Sept., The formidable consequences 
of ergotized corn, when eaten. 1875 H. Woop 7heraf. 
(1879) 552 When the summer is wet and cold, the rye becomes 


Ergotee‘ring 


ERGOTIZE. 
very extensively ized, Pall Mail G. 12 Sept. 
2/t Some at caleekeul gehen result of eating 


“Ergotize Saggteiz), v.2 [f. Enco: cf. Ercor- 
-IsM and -1zE.] intr. To quibble, wrangle. 

1883 Srevenson 7'reasure of Franchard vi, He uses it 
[the word vatiocinate]..in the sense of to ergotise, implying 
as it were..a vein of sophistry. 

Eri, obs. form of EErtz a, 

Eria (ierii). [Assamese eriya, adj. f. era the 
castor-oil plant.] In erta silk; see quot. 1881. 

1868 Woop Homes without H. xiv. 282 well known 
Eria silk of India is produced by an insect closely allied to 
the Atlas Moth. 188: Hunter in Zacycd. Brit. X11. 752 
s.v. India, Eria silk is obtained from the cocoons of Phalena 
Cynthia, and the worm is fed .. upon the leaves of the 
castor-oil plant. ‘ 

ian (ieriin), a. Geol. [f. Erie, name of the 
lake +-1AN.] A synonym of DEVONIAN: see quots. 
ee Earth & Man v. 84 The Devonian, or, as it 
may be better called in America, from the vast development 
of its beds on the south side of Lake Erie, the Erian 
formation. 1877 — Orig. World 380 Erian and Carboni- 
ferous plants. . : 

|| Bric (erik). Hist. Forms: 6 eriach, earike, 
erycke, 7 erick(e, 8— eric. [Ir. e’v7c.] (See quots.) 

1586 [see Earik]. 1596 Spenser State Trel, Wks. (1862) 
504/2 In the case of Murder. .the malefactor shall give unto 
them [the friends], or to the child, or wife of him that is 
slain a recompence, which they call an Eriach. 1612 Davies 
Why Ireland, etc. (1747) 111 The killing ofan Irishman was 
..punished .. by a fine or pecuniary punishment which is 
called an Ericke. did. (1787) 126 Your Sheriff .. shall be 
welcome to me, but let me know his erick aforehand. a 1849 
J.C. MANGAN Poems (1859) 389 All the dead Heaped on the 
field..Were scarce an eric for his head. 1885 R. BAGWELL 
Trel, under Tudors 1, 11 This blood-fine, called an eric, was 
an utter abomination to the English of the sixteenth century, 

attrib, 1875 Maine Hist. /nst. vi. 170 ‘Eric’-fines or 
pecuniary compensation for violent crime. 

|| Erica (fraika). Bot. [L. erica, ad. Gr. épeixn 
heath.] The botanical name of the genus of plants 
called in Eng. Heatu. (In quot. used affectedly 
as an Eng. word.) 

1826 Cakrincton Dartmoor 37 Th’ undaunted race Con- 
tented on the rude Erica sink To balmy sleep. 

Ericaceous (eriké'fas), a. ot. [f. mod.L. 
ervicace-w + -OUS: see prec, and -ACEOUS.] Be- 
longing to the natural order Zricacew, of which 
the Zrica or heath is the typical genus. 

1882 Garden 7 Oct. 323/2 Other Ericaceous plants are re- 
presented admirably. 

Ericetal (er/s7‘tal), a. Bot. [as if f. L. *ericét- 
um place where heaths grow (f. erica heath) + 
-AL.] Of the type characteristic of heathy regions ; 
moorland. 

pe G. W. Latuam in Encycl. Brit. V. 589 The botany 
of the high-lands east of Macclesfield is nearly ericetal in 
its nature. aa 

Ericineous (erisin/ss), a. Bot. [f. mod.L. 
ericine-e (a synonym of ericdce-w), f. erica, on 
analogy of graminew, etc.] = ERicacrous. 

1852 TH. Ross Humboldt’s Trau. I. xiii. 425 The shrubs 
of the family of the ericineous plants .. do not find the cold 
climate which is necessary for their development, 

Ericolin (eri‘kélin). Chem. [f. Erica +-oL+ 
-In.] A resinous substance found in several plants 
of the ericaceous order. 

1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 530 Ericolin is obtained from the 
mother-liquor from which the arbutin has crystallised. 

Erie, obs. form of Eyry. 

+ Eriferous, a. Olds. [f. L. wrifer (f. xri- 
combining form of ws, #77-s brass + -fer producing) 
+-ous.] Containing or yielding brass or copper. 

1681 BLount Glossogr. 

+ Eriff. O¢s. [Of unknown etymology; the 
forms eiress, eress, eriss, in Dicts. appear to 
represent the same word.] 

1. A canary-bird two years old. 

¢ 1690 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew. 1727 Bravtey Fam. Dict. 
s.v. Canary Bird, Those that exceed two, are named 
Erisses. 1736 Baitey, Zrisses, eresses, 

2. ‘A rogue just initiated’. (Mew Cant. Dict. 
1725.) 

riff, dial. form of Harirr. 

ad Agric. Surv. Staffordsh. 95 Eriff, Galium Aparine. 

rigant, error for erigaut, var. of HERIGAUT. 

|| Eri-geron. Ods. t r. hpvyépwr, f. Ape early 
+ yépov old man. Cf. L. senecio, f. senex old 
man.] The Gr. name of the Groundsel ; see quots. 
In botanical Latin the name of an allied genus. 

1601 Hottanp Péiny II. 238 The Greekes imposed that 
name Eri , because in the Spring it looketh hoarie, 
like an old gray beard. 1666 J. Smit Old Age (ed. 2) 163 
This is the true Erigeron, that early in the Spring-time 
bears the representation of Old Age. 

~ Eri-ght, v. Obs. [? var. of ARIGHT v.] trans. 
? To invest with a right, 

1556 J. Hevwoop Spider § F. xx, Or by sine of purpose 
onka clokte To possession here any flie pn 

te L. crignive (see 


a 1803 G. Suaw Zool, IV. u. 378 A very strong spine, which 
«is ore ic at the pleasure of "he onbnal, 1849 in ¢ Craic ; 
and in mod. Dicts. 


272 
+ Brimites: app. mistake for 
1577 STANVHURST Trel. in Holinshed V1, 105/1 His 


i .. hauing powdred erimites ingrailed in the seale. 

Se Fooay' Poxshiing 60 ha tates: 
aice-us +-ous. ing to ige- 
hog rg the nature of a hedgehog. 

In mod, Dicts. 

Erinde, obs. form of ERRAND. 

, var. form of EryncGo. 
te (erinsit). Min. [f. Zrin the ancient 
name of Ireland + -1Tz.] A green arseniate of 
copper found in Cornwall and in some parts of 
Treland. 

1828 Phil. Mag. Ser. u.1V. 155 The colour of erinite is 
a beautiful emeral — 1843 Portiock Geol. 221 Erinite 
occurs in small nodules in a soft wacke at Ballintry. 1887 
Dana Manual Min. 153 Erinite occurs in id-green 
mammillinated coatings. 

Eri‘nnic, 2. rare—'. [f. L. Zrinn-ys, Erinys, 
Gr. ’Epiv’s a Fury +-10.] Characteristic of a Fury. 

1827 Soutuey in Q. Rev. XXXVI. 345 Even their [the 


¢ K. AEtrrep Gre, 's Past, xvii. 121 Ie ; slean 
and tema injatodemaccan “ae o ‘Bocth Metr. 
e 


ix. 45 Nero] to " 
and cwelmde, ¢1386 Cuaucer Pard. Prol. 26 
Reynard PES mete ete he fro Fg ey 
heuyly, that many of them ermed. = 
Hence omnes 5b., grieving, suns. 

c1300 K. A/is. 1525 Theo weop for ermyng. 
Ermelin (5‘1mélin). 


-- hu he 
erme. 


[The immediate source is uncertain: 
the word appears in most of the Romanic langs. ; 
It. armellino, ermellino, Sp. armelina, Fr. herme- 
line (Boiste), armeline (Cotgr.), med.L. armelinus 
(in Fr. documents of 13th c.). 
_ The ulterior etymology in the uncertainty belong- 
ing to that of the ———- Ermine. If the latter be of 
Teut. origin, the ic forms above cited must be re- 
led as ad. MHG. hermelin (mod.G. hermelin), dim. of 
rme:—OHG. harmo (see Ermine). If the alternative 
view be correct, the med.L. type armelinus must be a 
diminutive or adjectival fi and the 


cats’}] cries, erotic or erinnic.. could neither d y nor 
disturb her. 

so + Er-innical, a. Ods. 

1613 Sir E. Hosy Counter-snarle 67 Vexed with their 
Erynnical libels. : 

riometer (erijg'm/ta1). [f. Gr. éproy wool + 
pérpov measure.] Aninstrument for measuring by 
optical means the diameter of small fibres, such 
as wool, cotton, or flax. 

1829 Nat. Philos., Optics xv. 27 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.) By 
means of an instrument which he [? Dr. Young] calls an 
Eriometer, he was enabled to measure the size of minute 
particles or fibres. 1836 Topp Cycl. Anat. I, 406/2 The 
results .. having. .been come to by the aid of the eriometer. 

Eristic (eri‘stik), z. and sd. [ad. Gr. éprorix-ds, 
f. épicew to wrangle, f. éps strife.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to controversy or dis- 
putation ; adapted for or disposed to controversy. 

1637 Gittesriz Eng. Pop. Cerem. Ord. Ciij, Polemicke 
and Neristicke discourses. 1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. 
(1701) 145/1 A Sect .. called .. Eristick from the Litigious 
Sophistical Nature thereof. 1710 W. Hume Sacred Success. 
28 The controversie among our eristick divines. 1 Grote 
Greece u. xvii. VIII. 540 note, Euthydemus and Dionyso- 
dorus .. applied themselves to the eristic or controversial 
dialogue. a a Moore Devil among the Schol. 72 He 
fought the combat syllogistic With .. skill and art eristic. 

. sb. 

1. One given to disputation, a controversialist. 
The Eristics: philosophers of the Megarian school, 

1659 Gaupen T7ears Ch. 93 Fanatick Errour and Levity 
would seem an Euchite as well asan Eristick. 1875 Jowetr 
Plato (ed. 2) I. 481 You would not confuse the principle and 
the consequences in your reasoning, like the Eristics. — 

2. = Gr. % époriey (réxv7), the art of dispu- 
tation. 

1866 Mitt in Edin. Rev. CX XIII. 314 Real Dialectic 
contrasted with Eristic. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed, 2) I. 183 
The art of Eristic, or fighting with words. 

+ Eri‘stical, 2. Os. [f. as prec. + -aL.]= prec. 

i, Br. Mountacu Gage Pref. 2 Eristicall discourses. 
5 RAPP Comm. Fob xxxiii. 32 Some are so eristical and 
teasty, that they will not hear the severe party 1673 Bre. 
Parker Refroof of Reh. Transp, 125 (L.) To what purpose 
should he or any man write eristical books? 

+ Evritage, v. Obs. rare. [f. eritage, obs. form 
of HeritaGE.] ¢rans. a. To inherit. b. To give 
as a heritage. 

1362 Wycuir Ps. xxxvi(i]. 11 The debonere forsothe shuln 
eritagen the erthe [1388 enerite the lond]. — Zcclus. xvii. 
g The lawe of lif he eritagede [1388 enheritide] them. 

Eritage, obs. form of HERITAGE. 

+ Erite. Ods. [a. OF. herite app. a back 
formation from L. Awret-icus.] A heretic. 

cx175 Lamb. Hom, 143 Pe forsworene, pe hedene, be erites 
sculen beon iwarpen ine eche pine. 

th, obs. var. of Harrrr, Goosegrass. 

1601 Hottanp Pliny II. 174 Erith or Goose grasse..is by 
some called in Greeke Afarine. 

+ Brivate, v. Obs—° [f. L. értvat- ppl. stem 
of eviva-re, {. @ out + rivus brook.] frans. To 
draw out, draw off. 

1656-81 in BLount Glossogr. 

Erke, obs. form of Irk. 

Erld, Erldom, Erle, obs. ff. Eart, Eartpom. 

Erlish (lif), a. vare—',  [var. of e/rish, 
Expriren.)] = EvLpritcn. 

axBo2z Yug. Tamlane xlix. in Child Eng. §& Sc, Pop. 
Ballads u. (1884) 355/2 Up there raise an erlish cry. 

(Stl,kin). [transl. Ger. ex/-hdnig (lit. 
alder-king), an erroneous rendering by Herder of 
the Danish e//erkonge, ellekonge, i.e. elverkonge, 
elvekonge king of the elves. Cf. ELLE-Marp.] 

1797 Scorr tr. Goethe's Erl King Pref, Poet. Wks. (1848) 
The Erl-King is a goblin that haunts the Black Forest, in 


Thuringia. 

Erm, var. of ARM a. Ods. poor. 

e1175 Lamb. Hom. 113 Moni mon... is erm for worlde . 
and uniseli for gode. /did. 115 Det is kinges rihtwisnesse 
pet he mid wohge ne of-sitte ne ermne ne eadine. 

+ Erme, v. Ods. [OE. yrman, igrman (Anglian 
*erman), {. earm miserable.] a. ¢rans. To make 
miserable, grieve, harass, vex. b. intr. for ref. To 
grieve, be sorry. 


on a ius, 
MUG. hermelin an adoption from R ic, though perh. 
influenced by association with the native word.] 

1. The animal called ermine; = Ermine 1. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 323 Sables, Marternes, 
Hermelines. 1 Greene Never too late (1600) 34 Ada- 
mants that will draw youth as. .y* sight of the , the 
Ermly. 1596 Spenser /.Q. ui. ii. 25 And on his shield 
enueloped seuenfold He bore a crowned little Ermelin. 

Torsert Four-f. Beasts (1673) 405 The Armelins are 
called Alpine Mice. ¢1630 Drumm. or Hawtn. Poems 
Wks. 3 Fair yokes of ermelines, whose colour pass The 
whitest snows. 1742 SHenstone Schoolmistr.171 Fair as 
the furry coat of whitish ermili bi 

2. The skin or fur of this animal. 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 311 Furres which wee 
caule Armelines. 1818 Mitman Samor 38 Of silver and of 
stainless ermelin The bright caparisons. 1831 Fraser's 
Mag. 1V. 549 Who she that, in the ermelin involved, 
Rests - the hastening car? /did. IV. 550 O thou, involved 
in ermelin ¢ 


Ermight. ? 

¢1435 Torr. Portugal 1008 Let thy beytyng and thy 
Ermyght be. 

Ermine (Smin), s+. Forms: 3-7 ermin, 


-yn(e, (4-7 hermin, -yn, 5-7 armin, -yn(e, 
-yon, 6 ermion, emerine), 3— ermine. [a. OF. 
(A)ermine (mod.F. hermine), cogn. with Pr. er- 
mint, Sp. armifio (Minsheu). The remoter etym- 
ology is disputed. 

Some scholars ger ty chee Skeat) think that the 
Romanic word is ad. OHG. tn adj., ‘belonging to 
the ermine’, f. Aarmo ermine, stoat, weasel, 
synonymous OE. kearma (glossed ‘ megale’= 
Wiilck. 32) and Lith. szerma (0. pe &: » ~CN-). 

A different hypothesis (favou , Paul Meyer, 
and others) is that the R ic we L. Arme- 
roel ag Ly mus Ponticus, ‘ Pontic rat’, men- 
tion y Pliny as a fur-bearing animal, is commonly sup- 
posed, thong withont actual proof, to be the ermine ; and 
as Pontus and Armenia were conterminous, it has been 
suggested that an alternative name for the animal may have 

was known 


been mus Armentus. some 

this designation in the d century is rendered le 
bys pons in Julius Pollux (circa a.b. 180), who ( t. 
vil. 60) gives wvwrds as the am te 
and, other conj res as to the origin of the word, 
suggests that this article of dress may have | so named 
because made of the skins of ‘the mice (or rats) of that 


country’. The belief that the ermine derived its name 
from Armenia was common in the rgth c., and the suppo- 
sition uite sati ily for the R ic forms 
of the word. if this view be correct, it involves the con- 

uence that the resemblance in sound between ermine 
aol OHG. Aavects wes, merel accidental; there may 
however have been an early contedlen. between two distinct 
words of similar sound and meaning.] 

1. An animal of the weasel tribe (A/ustela Er- 
minea), an inhabitant of northern countries, called 
in England a stoat, whose fur is reddish brown in 
summer, but in winter (in northern regions) wholly 
white, except the tip of the tail, which is always 
black 


armyne. 


5 Pavsor. 217/1 Ermyne, 
Epen ‘Bee 


ades W. Ind. (Arb.) 326 mary 


(1669) 322/r The ° 

into the dirt to defile her beau! 

Winter 812 Fair ermines, —— the snows 
+ 354 


N. W. Pass. xv. 228 An ermine came on quite 

starved. 1863 Miss Yonce Chr. Names 11. 82 The pretty 

tale, of the. spotions, sxaninny, Aas took. selinge. eaten as 

2. The fur of the ermine, often having the black 

tails pout pieces of black lamb’s-wool) ar- 

upon it, at regular intervals, for the sake 

of effect. The whiteness of ermine is often re- 
ferred iy in as poe of a 

Louc. erm 

ese Ct Sat Nae So bed ib 
\< fe Our (1 

Hodes & pio Fa M4 odbc a1goo Flower & Leaf 


ERMINE. 


xxxv, With cloth of gold, and furred with ermine Were the 
se prom of their stedes strong. 1587 HoLinsHep Chron. 
ret. an. 1568 (R.) Princelie robes of crimson veluet doubled 

or lined with ermin. 1628 WitHER Brit, Rememb. Pref. 159 

From the Fox-fur, to the spotted Ermine. 1719 D’UrFEY 
Pills (1872) I. 13 Her skin by nature, No Ermin better, 
1795 Macneit Will §& Fean ww, Strips thee of thy robes of 
ermine (Emblems of thy spotless life). 1855 Loncr. Hiaw. 
xi, Shirt of doeskin. fringed with ermine. 

b. Z/. Trimmings, or garments, made of this 
fur. *+ Formerly also used, as in the sing. (see 
prec.), as a name for the material (cf. sad/es). 

1474 Caxton Chesse 16 A mantel aboue furrid with er- 
mynes. 1523 Lp. Berners Foss. I. cxxv. 151 Robes of 
scarlet, furred with Armyns. c 1530 — Arthur (1814) 273 
Riche aparayle of emerines lay abrode in euery wyndowe. 
1579 SPENSER Sheph. Ca?. Apr. 58 Yclad in Scarlot .. And 
Ermines white. 1639 Massincer Unnat. Combat m1. ii, 
I’ve charged thro’ fire that would have singed your sables, 
Black fox, and ermines. @xz7oo Drypen (J.), A lady’s 
honour .. nice as_ermines, will not bear a soil. 1732 
Leprarp Sethos II, vi. 32 Having nothing on his body 
but some ermins. 1756 Nucent Gr. Tour, France IV. 
81 His habit of ceremony is a violet-coloured gown with 
a mantle of ermins. 

3. fig. With reference to the use of ermine in 
the official robes of judges and the state robes of 
peers. 

1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 26x Reluctant to fix an un- 
necessary stain upon the ermine of their profession. 1836 
Lytron Duch. a ta Valliére w. iv, This garb of serge 
Dares speech that daunts the ermine. 1850 WuippLe Zss. 
§ Rev, (ed. 3) I. 21 The purity of the critical ermine, like 
that of the judicial, is often soiled by contact with politics. 
1856 Emerson Exg. Traits, Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) II. 79 
Skilful lawyers. .were rewarded with ermine. 

4. Her. A heraldic fur; white marked with 
black spots of a particular shape. 

1562 LeicH Armorie (last page), Lrmynx, white poudered 
wt Black. 1655 M. Carter //on. Rediv. (1660) 99 If. .it be 
white powdred with black, it is Ermin. .if white with black, 
and one red hair, Erminites. 1766-87 Porny /Yeraldry 25 
Ermine is a Field Argent, with small points or spots Sable, 
in the form of little Triangles, which in Heraldry are 
generally called Powdering. 1864 BouteL, Heraldry Hist. 
§ Pop. iv. (ed. 3) 20 Ermine, Black spots on a White field. 

5. attrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib. in senses 
1-4. + Ermine cross; = cross ERMINEE. 

¢ 1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 8425 Veire and gryce and pylches 
armyne And clothys of sylke and of satyne. 1486 Bé. St. 
Albans (Her.) Dj, Ermyn cros. 1627 Drayton Agincourt 
15 The men of Rutland... In their rich Ensigne bear an 
Ermine Ram. 1649 Lovetace Poems 63 Grieve not pretty 
Ermin Cabinet [a Lady’s glove]. 1742 Mrs. Derany 
Axutobiog. (1861) II. 199 My lady. .was in dark green velvet 
trimmed with ermine, and an ermine petticoat. 1768 Pen- 
naNT Zool. I. 85 Easily distinguished from the other in the 
ermine state by the tail. 1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. 
Countries I. 50 The ermine mantle wherein the female is 
robed. 1864 Bouter, Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxx. 454 
The practice of. .artists. .in representing ermine-spots. 

b. quasi-adj. White as ermine. 

1610 G. FLETCHER Chris?’s Vict. in Farr S. P. (1847) 62 
What should I here depaint..her ermine breast. 1821 
SHELLEY Prometh. Unb. ww. i. 287 Vapours clothe earth’s 
monarch mountain-tops With kingly, ermine snow. 

ce. Comb., as ermine-hunter ; also ermine white 
a., white as ermine; ermine moth [cf. Fr. her- 
mine, ‘ Bombyx herminea’ (Littré)] (yponomeuta 
padellus), a moth with white wings spotted with 
black. 

1580 Sipney Arcadia m1. aog, The Ermion whitest skin, 
spotted with nought. 1859 W. S. Coteman Woodlands 
(1866) 76 The pretty little Ermine Moth commits great 
ravages on the leaves of the Apple Tribe. 1865 Burritr 
Walk Lana’s End 194 Ermine-hunters have always had a 
harder time of it than even the Honiton lace-workers. 

Ermine (51min), v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To 
clothe as if with ermine ; to make white as ermine. 

1825 New Monthly Mag. XIII. 63 It [snow] ermined all 
the dark-brown moor. 1870 H. Macmitian Bible Teach. 
xiv. 269 The glistening beach, ermined by the surf. ; 

ined (S1mind), Z//. a. [f. as prec. + -ED?.] 
+1. Having white feathers spotted with black. 

1486 Bk. St, Albans A viij b, Bot and a sparehawke be so 
Ermyned vppon the brayles. 

“[ Perh. the designation Almond Tumbler is a 
corruption of this: see quot. below. 

1735 J. Moore Columbarium 39 There is a Mixture of 
three Colours, vulgarly call’d an Almond, perhaps from the 
oon, of Almond-coloured Feathers that are found in the 

ackle : Others call it an Ermine, I suppose from the black 
Spots that are generally in it. és 

3. Lined or trimmed with ermine; made to 
resemble ermine. 

c 1485 Digsy Myst., Mor. Wisd. i.(1882) 139 heading, With a 
mantyll..ermyned within. 1814 Hist. Univ. Oxf I1. 261 
The ermined hood .. is the peculiar badge of the Proctor’s 
Office. 1842 BarHam Jngol. Leg., Auto-da-fé, He wipes his 
eyes with his ermined sleeve. 18.. Loncr. Renouveau i, 

ow Time throws off his cloak again of ermined frost. 

Jig. 1715 M. Davies Ath, Brit. I. 185 The collateral 
scenes of those Dialogues are freez’d or ermin’d sideward. 

8. Robed in ermine; advanced to the dignity of 
wearing ermine, 2. ¢. made a judge or a peer. 

1735 Pore Zp. Lady 7 Arcadia’s countess, here, in er- 
mined pride. 1777 W. WuiTEHEAD Goa?’s Beard (R.), 
Regal robe, Which rules, in ermin’d state the globe. 1837 
Lockuart Scott (1839) V. 47 Certain ermined sages of his 
own acquaintance. 1857 WuittieR Lines Poet. Wks. (1882) 
zor Give ermined knaves their hour of crime. 1 Globe 
13 Nov. 4 The ten newly ermined members of the Liberal 


party. 
Vor. III. 


273 


« €2749 W. G. Hamitton in Parl. Logick (1808) 204 
Thy balm-distilling sweets alone To ermin’d Innocence are 
known. 

4, ? = Ermine 5a (/er.) or 5b. 

1823 Rutter Fonthill 50 The ermined cinque-foil upon a 
crimson ground. Lge 

Erminee (d1minz), a. er. [a. heraldic Fr. 
(croix) erminée, f. ermine.] (A cross) composed 
of four ermine spots placed in the form of a cross. 

1736 in Battey, 1775 in Asn. 

‘rmines. “er. Also 6 ermynes, ermins, 
7 ermyness. [In some way connected with Er- 
MINE; possibly a. OF. hermines, pl. of herminet, 
dim. of Aermine.] A ‘fur’ forming the reverse of 
ERMINE, 7.¢. with white ‘spots’ ona black ground. 

1562 Lricn Armorie (last page), Ermines, Black powdred 
whight, 1572 BossEwELL Armorie 1. 129 b, He beareth Or, 
a Cheuron Checkey Ermin and Ermins. 1677 Prot Ox- 
Sordsh. 179 The skins of black Grey-hounds powdered with 
white, or made Ermyness, 175r Cuampers Cycl., Ermines 
is used by some English writers for the reverse of ermine, 
i. e, for white spots ona black field. 1864 Boute. Heraldry 
Hist. § Pop. iv. (ed. 3) 20. 

Erminites (S1minsits). Her. [ad. Fr. her- 
minite.| A heraldic fur, similar to ermine, with 
the addition of a red hair on each side of the 
‘spots’. 

1562 Leicn Armorie 130b. 1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. v. 
(1611) 16 That being called Ermine, and this Ermynites. 
1655 [see Ermine sé. 4]. 1731-1800 Baitey, Evweinites, A 
white Ground powder’d with Black, to which a red Hair is 
added. 1868 Cussans Hand-bk. Her. iii. 53 Erminites [is] 
sometimes included amongst the Furs. cen 

Erminois (Siminoi-z). [a. OFr. (A)erminois, 
f. hermine Ermine.) <A heraldic fur, Or with 
Sable ‘ spots’. 

1562 LricH Armorie 130b, The fift doubling is Or, 
poudred with Sable, and must bee called properly Ermi- 
noys. 1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1, iv. (1660) 23 Ermynois 
whose ground or field is yellow, and the Poulderings black. 
1775 in As. 1864 Boutett Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xvii. 
281 A griffin per fesse erm. and erminois. 

Ermit(e, Ermitage, obs. ff. Hermit, -aGe. 

Ermiic, var. of ARMLICH a. Ods. pitiable. 

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 115 Penne bid hit ermlic’ 3if he bid 
unrihtwis. 

Ermodattil, obs. form of HERMODACTYL. 

+ Ermth(e. 02s. Forms: 1 ermp(u, iermp(u, 
yrmp(u, 3 erm%e, (2 ermde), 2-3 erm¥e. [OEF. 
ermpu, repr. OTeut. type *armipd: see ARM a. 
and -tH. Also without umlaut: see ARMTH(E.] 
Poverty ; wretchedness. 

Beowulf 1259 (Gr.) Grendles moder... yrmbe zemunde. 
c888 K. AELrreD Boeth, xxxviii. ii, To sellenne witu & 
ermba bam yfelum monnum. a 1000 Ags. Ps. civ. 14 [cv. 16] 
Cwom ofer eorpan ermpu. c1175 Lamb, Hon 113 He. .nule 
on his ermde edmodnesse halden. c 1205 Lay. 87 Eneas 
be duc mid ermden at-wond. /did. 16143 Purh pe muclen 
zrmde & burh bene mucle hrm. 

Ermytage, Ermyte, obs. ff. HERMIT, -AGE. 

+Ern, v. Os. Forms: 1 irnan, fa. ¢. arn, 
4-5 erne(n, -yn, 5 eerne. [ME. even, OF. zrnan, 
by metathesis for xzznan to run.] ztr. To run, 
Of water, a river: To flow. 

893 K. AELFRED Oros. 1. i. § 8 Seo ea Danai irnd ponan 
sudryhte. cxo0o AiLrric Gen. xviii. 7 He arn him sylf to 
his hrydera falde. c¢1300 K. Adis. 5003 Every wilde dere 
astore, Hy mowen by cours ernen tofore. 1377 LaNGL. P. 
Pi. B. x1x. 376 Water for wikked werkes Egerlich ernynge 
out of mennes yeen. c¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 142 Ernyn, as 
horse [4ZS. P. eerne], curszto. 1600 in Pinkerton Axc. 
Scott, Poems 217 (Jam.) Nor hare, befoire the ernand grew- 
hounds face, With speid is careit so. 

Ern, obs. form of ave: see BE v. 

Ern, dial. form of Iron. 

Ern, dial. form of Earn (see Earn v.13). So 
Ernes sd. Z/. (see quot.) 

1695 Kennett Par. Antig. Gloss., Ernes, the loose scat- 
tered ears of corn that are left on the ground after the 
binding or cocking of it.. Hence to e77 is in some places the 
same as to glean, 1726 Dict, Rust. (ed. 3) s. v. Ernes. 

-ern, swzfix, in the adjs. eastern, northern, 
southern, western, represents OTeut. -rdnjo-, f. 
-ro- thematic suffix in *austro-, etc. + -dnjo- = L. 
-aneus. 

+ Ernde, v. Ods. Forms: 1 &rendian, 3 arn- 
di-en, erendi-en, erndi-en, 5 ernde-n. [OE. 
érendian, f. érende: see ERRAND. Cf. OHG. 
drundjan, MUG. ernden.]_ a. trans. To treat 
for, obtain by intercession. b. zz¢v. To intercede. 
Const. fo and dat. of indirect obj. 

c890 K. Aitrrep Beda u. xii, Da zrendracan, de his 
cwale zrndedon. cx2og Lay. 23315 He..bad heom arndien 
him to heh3en pan kingen. axz2g5 Yuliana 78 Heo us 
erndi to godd be grace of him seoluen, a1z225 Leg. Kath. 
2157 Eadi meiden! ernde me to pi leoue lauerd. a@ 1310 
in Wright Lyzic P. xxi. (Percy) 62 Ernde us hevene lyht. 

+ Evrnding, s?. Os. Forms: 3 ernding(e, 
-unge, h)erendinge. [OE. #rendung, n. of action 
f. érendian (see prec.).] Intercession. 

axo00 Benedictine Rule (Schroer) xxvi, Odpe purh znize 
sprzece odpe burh zenizes Bs ee mannes zrendunge. a@ 1225 
St. Marher. 23 Pat we bituhen be engles burh hire erndunge 
moten 3et iseon hire. c1275§ Doomsday 86 in O. E. Misc. 
168 For hire herendinge Pat heo ure sawle to heouerige 
bringe. @1310 in Wright Lyric P. xviii. (Percy Soc.) 58 
Thourh ernding of the hevene quene, 


ERODING. 


Erne (5m), sd. Forms: 1 earn, 3 ern, 3-4 
arn(e, 3-6 ern, (4 eerne, 4-6 eren), 8-9 earn, 
4-erne. [OE. earn, corresp. to MLG. arn (Du. 
arend), ON. prn str. masc.:—OTenut. *arnu-z. 
OTeut. had also a synonymous *aron- wk. masc., 
whence OHG. avo (MHG. are, mod.G. aar), ON. 
ari, Goth. ara. Cf. OSlav. orth, Lith. erelis 
eagle, Gr. dpus bird.] 

1. An eagle; in mod. use chiefly the Golden 
Lagle or the Sea-Eagle (see EAGuE). 

@x000 Elene 29 (Gr.) Urigfedera earn sang ahof. ¢ 1000 
Ags. Gosp, Matt. xxiv. 28 Swa hweer swa hold byd, beder 
beod earnas gegaderude. ¢c 1200 Ormin 6056 Forr zrn ma33 
flejhenn i pe lifft Full heghe towarrd heoffne. a 1225 Ancr. 
&. 196 Vre widerwines beod swifture pen be earnes. a1300 
Cursor M. 13444 (Cott.) For-bi to be arn lickest es he. c1325 
Chron, Eng. 156 in Ritson Metr. Ron. 11. 276 Ther spac an 
ern [a] prophecie. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Se/, Wks. ITI. 35 As be 
eerne clepynge hise briddis. a1455 Hozlate xxv, Ernes 
ancient of air kingis that croond is. 1513 Doucras 4 xeis 
xu. v. 64 For Jovis foule, the ern, com sorand by. 1555 
Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 315 Erens or eagles. 1565 
Gotpine Ovia’s Met. v1. (1593) 144 The scarefull erne With 
hooked talents trussing up a hare among the ferne. 1744 
Preston Zetland in Phil, Trans. XLIII. 62 There are very 
large Eagles, which they call Earns. 1813 Hocc Queen's 
Wake 97 He saw..A sight that scared the erne away. 1869 

°R AN Norm. Cong. (1876) II. xiv. 344 Men told..how 
+.ravens and ernes sat on the stern of every ship. 

2. Comb. erne-fern, the Brake ( Pterts aqguilina) ; 
erne-hued a., having the colour of an eagle; erne- 
stone = AETITES. 

c1325 &. EF, Allit. P. B. 1698 Erne hwed he watz & al 
ouer-brawden. 1587 Harrison England un, xii. (1878) 11. 79 
At this season there are found in England the Aetites (in 
English called the ernestone). 

Erne, obs. form of Earn v.2 

e175 Lamb. Hom. 157 Ure erde is in houene, if we per 
efter erned. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 205 Harde 
herted art thou yf thyne herte erne not ne melte in suche 
remembraunce, 

Ernes(se, -st(e, -xst, -ys(t, obs. ff. Earnest. 

Ernute, -tte, obs. ff. of EARTH-NUT. 

Erode (/tou'd), v.  [a. Fr. érode-r, ad. L. &0- 
d-ére, {. € out + rodére to gnaw.] To gnaw away. 

1. ¢vans. Of the action of acids, canker, ulcera- 
tion, etc.: To destroy by slow consumption. 

1612 [see EropING ff7/. a.]. 1626 Bacon Sylva (1627) § 983 
It hath beene anciently received that the Sea Hare hath an 
Antipathy with the Lungs..and erodeth them. 1650 BuLWER 
Anthropomet. 187 The blood..becoming sharp, doth easily 
erode the vessels. 1762 Gent/. Mag. 274 A thick yellowish 
matter, which eroded everything near it. 1811 A. T. THom- 
son Lond. Disp. (1818) 432 Liquid muriatic acid. .erodes 
animal and vegetable substances. 1836 Topp Cyc. Anat. 
I. 232/2 The process of ulceration. .eroding the middle coat 
{of the vessel]. 1878 Huxtey Physéogr. 119 All natural 
waters can dissolve carbonate of lime..and thus erode the 
limestone rocks. 

b. transf. of a personal agent. rare. 

1781 E. Darwin Bot. Gard., Econ. Vegetation u. Notes, 
Hannibal was said to erode his way over the Alps by fire 
and vinegar. ; 

2. Geol. Of the action of currents, glaciers, etc. : 
a. To wear away; to eat out. b. To form (a 
channel, etc.) by gradual wearing away. 

a. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. I. 223 The river has filled the 
lake, and partially cut through the barrier, which it is still 
gradually eroding toa greater depth. 1871 TyNDALL Fragm. 
Sc. (ed. 6) I. vi. 214 The adjacent land seemed eroded in a 
remarkable manner. 

absol, 1862 Dana Man. Geol. 636 The stream .. com- 
mences to erode laterally during freshets. 1867 Murcuison 
Stluria xx. (ed. 4) 492 The deep ocean never erodes. 

b. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. I. 170 The materials through 
which the channel is eroded. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. 
Afr. in Frul. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 122 Cups, and basins, 
eroded by the friction of the gravelly waters. 1872 W. S. 
Symonps Rec. Rocks vi. 166 Before the Lugg had eroded 
the track in which it now flows. 

3. In etymological sense (see quot.). 

1816 Kirpy & Sp. Extomol. (1843) I. 328 The stone-eating 
caterpillars are now found to erode the walls. .solely for the 
purpose of forming their cocoons. 

Eroded (‘rou-déd), AA/. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 

1. In the senses of the vb. 

1741 Monro Anat, (ed. 3) 17 The eroded Cells of the Bone. 
1880 Haucuton Phys. Geog. iii. 78 The upturned and eroded 
edges of the Azoic strata. 3 

2. Bot. Having the edge irregularly jagged. 
‘Used to express a particular kind of irregular 
denticulation’ (London) ; = Erose. 

Erodent (éroudént), a. and sd. [ad. L. &o- 
dent-em, pr. pple. of éodére to ERoDE.] 

A. adj. ‘Applied to medicines which cause 
erosion’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). B. sb. A substance 
which erodes. In mod. Dicts. 


Eroding (frawdin), vd/. sd. [f. Erope v. + 
-inc1,] The action of the vb. EropE; in quot. 
attrib. 

1862 Dana Man. Geol. 639 The eroding action of water 
during freshets becomes immense. 1865 Livincstone Zam- 
best xxviii. 577 It is a kind of clay on which the eroding 
power of water has little effect. 

Ero‘ding, 7//. a. [f. as prec.+-INc?.] That 
erodes, 

1612 S. H. Enchir. Med. 11. 84 This infirmitie proceedeth 
from gnawing and eroding humours. Ps Monro Anat. 
(ed. 3) 37 The Effects of eroding acrid Matter. Prag Med. 


EROGATE. 


Frni. 1X. 558 Eroding ulcerations in the neck. 1870 Tyn- 
DALL in Times 15 Sept. 7/6 The eroding forces of the atmo- 
sphere had oosebereal and decom; the molten rocks. 

+ Evrogate, f//. a. Obs. [ad. L. érogat-us, pa. 
p08 of eroga-re: see next.] Equivalent to the 

ater evogated. Distributed. 

1583 Stusses Anat. Abus. u. 23 That some of our super- 
fluitie might be erogate to them. 

+ E-rogate, v. Obs. [f. L. éragat- ppl. stem of 
éroga-re to pay out, f. 2 out +7ogare to ask, the 
orig. sense being to pay out public money after 
asking the consent of the Roman people.) ¢rans. 
To ey out, expend ; to distribute. Also absol. 

153 Exyvor Gov. u. viii, Aristotle defineth a liberal man 
to be he whiche doth erogate accordinge to the rate of his 
substance. 1gg0 VERON Godly Sayings (1846) 72 They 
thought that he should erogate and _ his body emonge 
them. 1692 Br. or Ery Amsw. Touchstone 119 No Man can 
Supererogate till he have first erogated. 1828 in WEBSTER ; 
and in mod. Dicts. S aa 

+Eroga‘tion. Obs. [ad. L. érogation-em, n. 
of action f. Zrogare: see prec.] The action of the 
vb. EroGaTE ; expenditure, esp. in the bestowal of 
gifts, almsgiving ; concr. in f/. money expended. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. viii, Some thinke suche maner of 
erogation nat to be worthy the name of liberalitie. 1563 
Foxe Life Latimer in Serm. & Rem. (1845) p. xii, Works of 
erogation, foundations, oblations. c 1645 Howett Le?t. iv. 
xlvii. (T.), Touching the wealth of England, it never also 
appeared so much by publick erogations and taxes, which 
the Long Parliament raised. 1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. 
(1834) 254 He..whose literate erogations reach to this and 
afterages. 1677 Hate Pomponius Atticus 204 His greatest 
Bounty and Erogations commonly employed upon those 
that were not in any likelihood of making him any return. 

Eroge‘nic, «. Phys. [i sual lo 
+-GENIC: after Fr. érogénique.] That gives rise 
to sexual desire. 

1887 Binet & Féré's Anim. Magnetism 152 In the case of 
some hysterical subjects there are regions in certain parts 
of the body termed by Chambard erogenic zones. 

Eromancy, bad form of AEROMANCY. 

1608 Day Law Trickes 1. ii, Deep Eromancy, or the 
pretious soule Of Geomantique spells and Characters. 1623 
CockeraM, Evomancie, divination by things in the ayre. 

Eron, obs. pl. of Eac sd. 

©1450 Two Cookery-bks. (1888) 82 And then make faire 
bater of rawe yolkes of eron. 

Erore, variant of Erer. Ods. 

Erose (irdu's). Bot. and Zool. [ad. L. érds-us, 
pa. pple. of érddére: see Eropr.] Having the 
margin irregularly incised or indented, as if bitten 
by an animal. 

1793 T. Martyn Lang. of Bot., Erosum folium, an erose or 
gnawed leaf. 1852 Dana Crust. 1. 208 Hand and —s 
unarmed, above minutely erose. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 
237 Sepals and petals erose obtuse. 

Brose, var. of AZRosE (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Erosion (‘rowzon). Also 6eroysion. [a. Fr. 
erosion, a. L. érdston-em, n. of action f. erodére : 
see EROpE.] 

1. The action or process of eroding ; the state or 
fact of being eroded. Sec. in Geol.: cf. ERODE v. 2. 

1541 R. Copranp Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg. 2 Aijb, 
Holowe vlceres .. procede of two causes, that is to wete of 
excysyon and of eroysion. /é/d. 2 Aiijb, Erosion. 1612 
Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 383 By extream erosion 
or corrosion of Caustick Medicines. 1753 Torriano Sore 
Throat 60 The Erosion or Rupture of the Vessels. 


to the erosion of the earth by water. 1813 THomson Lect. 
Inflamm. 369 The phenomena which it [ulcerative absorp- 
tion] exhibits were denominated erosion by Galen. 18; 
Topp Cyc?. Anat. 1. 450/2 The erosion or absorption of the 
cartilages. 1851-9 Darwin Geol. in Adm. Man. Sci. Eng. 
294 Where ranges of cliffs exist the marks of the erosion 
of the waves may sometimes be expected to occur. 1854 
Woopwarp Mollusca iv. (1856) 41 We can often recognise 
fresh-water shells, by the erosion of those parts where the 
epidermis was thinnest. : 
b. An instance of erosion. 

1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 133 It [é.¢. the Elec- 
tuary] is very profitable against .. erosions of the Mouth. 
1725 Braptey Kam. Dict., Ulcer, a Solution of Continuity 
made by an Erosion of the soft Parts. 1744 BerkeLey Siris 
§ 21 Ulcerous erosions of the inward parts. 1880 KincLake 
Crimea V1. viii. 184 The tumours, the erosions of the gums, 

2. transf. and fig. Also concr. 

1804 W. Tavior in Ann. Rev. II. 352 The expenders of 
rents are the most unproductive and useless class of citizens ; 
their income is a fairer object of erosion, than that of the 
industrious..classes. 1827 H. T, Cotesrooke A /gebra 311 
The erosion being subtracted from both diameters, etc. 


of bye-elections. 
3. attrib. Erosion Theory: the theory which re- 
ee the contour of the land as due to superficial 
enudation rather than to subterranean agencies. 


1879 Le Conte Elem. Geol. 251 Erosion inequalities, once 
commenced, tend to increase. _ 

Erosionist (/rdzonist). [f. prec. + -187.] 
One who upholds the erosion theory in Geology. 

1864 Reader We 9. 482/1 The erosionists allow the oppor- 
tunities of ages, 188 Geikie in Macm. Mag. XLIV. owike 
Erosionists, or upholders of the efficacy of superficial waste. 


Erosive (/réwsiv), a. [f. L. ads- ppl. stem of 
érodére (see Eropr) + -IvE.] Having the pro- 
perty of eroding. 


[f. Gr Zpav-s sexual love | method by which the Greek sa 


| species of insanity. 


274 


RicHaRpson * er of 
a Laced = ys Tynpatt Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) 1. ix. 297 
Proving its impotence as an erosive agent. 

Eroso- (ird"'so-), combining form of L. érdsus 
(see Erosk) in Ero:so-dentate a. Bot. and Zool. 
(see DenraTE), toothed irregularly, as if bitten 
(Treas. Bot.). Ero:so-denticulate a. Zool. (see 
DENTICULATE). 


eroso-denticulate. 

Erostrate (irp’streit). Bot, [f. E- pref 3 +L. 
rostr-um beak +-aTE.] Not having a beak. 

1866 in Treas. Bot. 

|| Exote-ma. Rhet. Obs. [mod.L., a. Gr. épa- 
Tnpa, f. épwrdev to question.] = next. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie mi. xix.(Arb.) 220 Erotema.. 
This figure I call the Questioner, 1678-1706 in Pxituips. 


1721-1800 in BaiLey. 
|| Erotesis (erotisis). Ret. [mod.L., a. Gr. 
quot. 1845.) 


épwrnots, f. épwrdew to question.] (S 

1657 J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 136. 1 1706 in Puituips. 
1721-1 in Bamey. 1845 J. W. Gress Philol. Stud. 
(1857) 206 Erotesis. .is a figure of speech by which a speaker, 
in the form of an interrogation, boldly asserts the opposite 
of what is asked; as ‘ Creditis avectos hostes?’ 

Erotetic (erote‘tik), a. [ad. Gr. épwrnrixds, f. 
épwraev to question.] Pertaining to questioning ; 
interrogatory. 

1848 Hamppen Bampt. Lect. (ed. 3) 59 The erotetic 
e used to extort the truth 


from his reluctant opponent. H. Rocers Ecl. Faith 
96, I have no skill in that erotetic method. 

Erotic (erp'tik), a. andsd. [ad. Gr. épwrix-ds, f. 
épws, épwr-os sexual love. Cf. Fr. évotigue.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to the passion of love ; 
concerned with or treating of love; amatory. 

1651 CHarLeTON Efhes. & Cimm. Matrons u. Pref., 
That Erotic passion is allowed by all learned men to be a 
species of Melancholy. ar URNEY Hist. Mus. (ed. 2) 
I. v. 61 These modes had other .. dependent on them, such 
as the Erotic or amorous. 1823 tr. Sismondi’s Lit, Eur. 
(1846) I. xvi. 448 The lyric and erotic poets of his country. 
1850 Sir J. Srepnen cc. Biog. 1. 158 Arising from these 
erotic dreams, he suspended at her shrine his secular wea- 

ns. 1865 Hook Lives Aéfs. IIL. i. § 9. 101 The common 

age of civility, as addressed to a lady, was erotic. 

. sb. a. An erotic or amatory m. b. 
[after sbs. in -1c, repr. Gr. -c#7 (réxvn).] A ‘doc- 
trine’ or ‘science’ of love. 

1858 Sat. Rev. V. 266/1 A lecture on age erotics from 
the authoress. 1862 Sat. Rev. 8 Feb. 150 Religious 
erotics are something worse than an offence against taste. 
1872 M. Cotuns Plunges for Pearl II. viii. 193 Instruc- 
tion in the famous science of erotic. 1888 A thenaum 18 Aug. 
214/2 A strange doctrine of ‘spiritual wives’—a mystical 
erotic. /bid.215/1 The sublime erotic, free from all passional 
instincts. 

Hence + Ero‘tical, a. Ods., of the nature of, or 
pertaining to, sexual love. Bro‘tically adv., in an 
erotic manner; in an erotic sense. Ero‘ticism 
[+-1sM], erotic spirit or character. 

162 Burton Anat. Mel. u1. ii. 1. ii, Jason Pratensis writes 
copiously of this Erotical love. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. 


| Relig. Knowl. 1. 398 Others[understand it (Song of Solomon)] 
1774 | 
Gotpsm. Nat. Hist, (1862) I. xiv. 75 Bounds are thus put | 


erotically. 1881 Sat. Rev. 9 July 53/1 The religious ero- 
ticism of Redi. 1885 /ééd. 11 Apr. 483/1 This martyr [Mme. 
de Montifaud] to eroticism. 

(erdtiz’m). [f. Gr. eps, épwr-os + 
-isM. Cf. Fr. évotisme.] Path. Sexual excite- 
ment. b. = Eroricism. rare. 

1849 Lancet I. 538/2 The erotism is excited by .. the 
medical practitioner. 1875 H. Woop Therap. (1879) 563 
Se ge perturbation too great, for erotism to in- 
duced. 1888 A ¢henaum 18 Aug. 220/3 The love sonnets .. 
are free alike from erotism and from mawkishness. 

Erotology (erotg'l5dzi). [f.as prec. + Gr. -Aoyia 
discoursing : see -LoGy.] The ‘ science’ of love. 

1886 (title), The Perfumed Garden of the Cheikh Nef- 
zaoui, a Manual of Arabian Erotology. 

Erotomania (eréu:toméniad). Path. [f. as 
prec. + Gr. pavia madness.] a. Melancholy or 
madness arising from passionate love; b. (see 
quot, 1884). 

1874 Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 464 Erotomania is a 
1877 WoopMaN & Tiny Forensic Med. 


| 726 Extreme sexual passion is called erotomania in both 


1889 Sat. Rev. 23 Mar. 331/1 About twenty per cent. of the | sexes. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Erotomania, By some authors 


Government majority has disappeared by the natural erosion 


the term is restricted to those cases in which the imagination 
alone is affected; by others the grosser forms nympho- 
mania and satyriasis are included. 

Erpetology, -ist: see Hzrp-. 

Err (51), v.. Forms: 4-7 erre, (4 erry, 7 
arre), 4-err. [ME. erre, a. Fr. erre-r, Pr. and 
Sp. errar, It. errare, L. errare:—prehistoric *er- 
sare, cogn. with Goth. afrzjan trans. to lead 
astray, OHG. zrrén trans. and intr. (Ger. zvven).] 

+1. intr. To ramble, roam, stray, wander. Obs. 

©1374 Cuaucer Troylus tv. 274 O wery ghost, that errest 
to and fro, 1382 Wycuir Gen. xxxvii. 15 A man fonde hym 
in the feelde errynge. x Caxton Myrr. m1. xv. 169 He 
so ferre by strange londes that he passed the flood of 
Ganges. 1549-62 Sternnoip & H. Ps. cvii. 40 And like- 
wise caused them to erre Within the wildernesse. 1601 


ERRABLE, 
onson Poetaster 1. i, In no labyrinth can I safelier err, 


n when, etc. Davpen Virgil (J.), A storm of 
sens Cn casi cantata 
2. To go astray; to stray from (one’s path or 
line of direction). Chiefly fg. and now arch. 
1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 9517 Lewede men Pat erre 
ful moche oute of the weye. cx AMPOLE Prose Tr. 17 
Whoso myghte by pe grace of go Vamp be seit 
liii. 6 Alle wee as 


hte erre. x ‘ycur /sa. shep er- 

en. ¢ ta Rom. 330 (Add. MS.) Vayn, wa 
and erng ro the faithe. xg52 Bk. Com. Prayer, 
Conf., We erred and strayed from thy wayes, id 
loste shepe. 1678R. Barciay Afo/. Quakers 15 He that Errs 
in the Entrance, is not so in into the Right 
Way. 1812 ‘ Yuan u. xciv, Probably it [a bird] 
have err’d Upon its course. f od in Philol. 
Museum 1. 645 Indeed in this, as in 


question, 
alee In Mem, \xxiii, Nothing is that errs from 


iw. 

b. To fail, miss; also, Zo err from (a mark or 
proposed end) : to miss, fail to strike. rare. 

¢1430 Lypc. Bochas u. xxiii. (1554) 60a, Kynd in her 


on me, let all th fall, Nor err from me, since I deserve 
it all. 1732 — Ess. Man 1. 142 But errs not Nature from 
this gracious end, From burning suns when livid deaths 
descend. 180x Sourney Tha/aéda 1. xlii, The Arrows .. err 
not from their aim. 

c. ?quasi-trans. (But perh. way is the object 
of /eading : ‘I shall not err if thou lead the way’.) 

I Mitton P. L. x. 266, I shall not lag behinde, nor 
Be Bo way, thou looding, i 

3. To go wrong in judgement or opinion; to make 
mistakes, blunder. Of a formula, statement, etc. : 
To be incorrect. 

1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 473 3if pou telle hem [sc. 
dremys] pan mayst pou erre. cr; Wee Sel. Wks, 11. 
342 Petre suffride mekeli pat Poul snybbide him whanne he 
erride. 1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictesgb, Whan thy 
frende erreth or mystaketh him agenst the. 1552 App. 
Hamitton Catech. (1884) 43 hasaever doutis or erris in 
the faith. x1s9r Harincton Or/. Fur. vn. 1, By dreames, 
by oracles that never arres. 1650 kag Tayior Holy Living 
do Possibly the man may err in his judgement of circum- 
stances. 1 Cowper Jask 1. 662 Fancy .. Perhaps errs 
little, when she paints thee thus. 18rr A. T. THomson 
Lond, Disp. Carat Both the above formule err in this 
particular. 1 ir B. Brovie Psychol. Ing. 1. ii. It 
seems to me that the best writers .. have 
ing the mind too abstractedly. Re 

+b. quasi-tvans. with cognate object. 

1656 Handsom. Artif., Those that are so subject to erre 
c y errors in g 1659 Br. GaupEN 
Tears Ch. 281 In this it seems to have erred a Catholick 
errour. /bid. 285 Not once erring so Catholick and 
an errour. 1674 HickMAN Caeert Hist. (ed. 2) 194 
They erre as bad an errour as the elagians do. 

4. To go astray morally; to sin. 

¢1315 SHOREHAM 164 God wyste wel that man schold erry. 
@ 1340 pte en oe He suffirs — — to 
erre in tl t & wi le. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 
22 They oa greatly that hastely .. say these oy ap 
1482 Monk of Eves (Arb.) 109 The of hem that 
offendyn and erryn. x6xx Biste 2 Chron. xxxiii. 9 So 
Manasseh made Iudah, and the inhabitants of Ierusalem to 
erre. 1645 WALLER Poet, Wks. (J.), The Muses’ friend.. 
With silent pity looks on all that err. 1871 B. Taytor 
Faust (1875) I. Prol., While Man’s desires and aspirations 
stir He cannot choose but err. 

+b. ¢rans. (nonce-use.) To make (a person) sin. 
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iv. 1. ii, The Lord of lies .. 
pts by covet dr P e, 

errs, dejects, saves, kills .. some men. E 
+5. trans. To do (a thing) wrongly or TT 
to make a mistake or commit a fault in. Chiefly 


pass. Obs. 

a1340 Hampote Psalter 497, 1 will amend pat i hafe 
errid. 1340 — Pr. Consc. 5733 For ilka thyng bat erred es 
.. Man.. sal be ledde To ome 207, -Txorne in 
Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 257 In this little I think nothing 
be erred touching the situation of the lande. Mitton 
freed. (ixb) 19 To redresse willingly and what 

n 


+ Err, sd. Obs. In 6 erre. [f. — vb.] An 
error, fault; also, erroneous belief, heresy. 

1509 Fisner Ws. 1. 260 A londe without erre. ¢1g1r 
ist Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 30/2 They haue a great 


erre for they saye, etc. 

Errability (erabi'liti). [f, ERRABLE : see -ITY.] 
Liability to err. 

1705 Hickexinort Priest-cr. u. i, 8 How durst Church of 
England .. confess Errability and Fallibility? 1850 D. 
Tuomas Crisis of Being vi. 101 Errability is an attribute of 
our common natu: 


‘Errable (erib'l), a. arch. rare, [f. Emm o.+ 


pride, etc., 


-ABLE.] Fallible, liable to err. 
. RGEANT S 11 y 
Phere A nae erral ogg A icKERINGILL Priest-cr Ww 


mankind to be 
even the Pope himself. 3839 J. Rocers Antipopopr, 1. ii. 
Hence + E-rrableness, Ods., ag to Sng the 
errableness of our j when to 
) 
femote subjects. x66 Decay Chr. Piety xvi, (1689255 
sTer ; and in mod, Dicts. : 


ERRABLE. 


Errable, -bull, obs. forms of EARABLE. 

Errabund (eribind), a. rarve—'. [ad. L. 
errabund-us wandering to and fro, wandering 
about, f. evvd-ve: see Err.] Erratic, random. 

1834-43 Soutney Doctor Interch. xiii. (1848) 248 With 
your errabund guesses, veering to all points of the literary 
compass. 

Errancy (eransi). Also 7 errancie. [f. En- 
RANT a@.: see -ANCY.] The condition of erring or 
being in error. 

1621 W. Scrater Tythes (1623) 161 In the Infancie, and 
as I may terme it, Errancie of the Church. 1811 Monthly 
Mag. XXXII. 143 The more remarkable cases of credulity, 
superstition, errancy of idea, etc. 1854 W. WATERWORTH 
Orig. Anglicanism 4 The Catholic Church. .denies the fact 
of the errancy of the Church. 1864 Ch. § State Rev. No. 
26/2 Mr. Gladstone’s errancy has continued longer .. than 
that of any other politician. 

Errand (errand). Forms: 1-2 srende, 3-5 
sernde, erende, ernde, errnde (Orvz.), arunde, 
(3 earende, erinde, erd(e)ne), 4 arende, arnd, 
erned, 5 erunde, 4-6 erand(e, errande, (4 er- 
aunt, -ond(e, herand(e, 5 -end, ardene, arend, 
eraunde, erdon, ernedde, erundi, herunde, 
heyrne, 6 haraunte, arande, arnede), 6-7 ar- 
rant(e, 7 arrand, -end, earrant, earande, 6-8 
errant, (8 dial. arnt), 4— errand. [OE. érende 
str. neut., corresp. to OS. drundz, OHG. druntz, 
éronti, Grandi (MHG. erende), ON. eyrindi, drin- 
dt, erindi neut. (Da. xrinde, xrend, Sw. xrende). 
The ulterior etymology is obscure: the OS. and 
OHG. forms seem to point to an OTeut. type 
*grundjo-(m, and the ON. forms to *drundjo-m 
neither of which is easy to reconcile with the other- 
wise plausible (and generally accepted) connexion 
with Goth. dirus, ON. arr, OS. éru, OE. dr mes- 
senger; if any relation exists, the az of OTeut. 
*airus must be due to epenthesis.] 

+1. A message, a verbal communication to be 
repeated to a third party. Ods, 

c890 K. Etrrep Beda u. ix, He his hlafordes zrende 
secgan sceolde. a1000 Guthlac 696 (Gr.) Bartholomeus 
aboden hzfde godes zrendu. c1200 Ormin Ded. 159 Godd- 
spell onn Ennglissh nemmnedd iss .. God errnde. c¢ 1290 
Lives Saints (1887) 25 And seiden him pe erende. c¢ 1325 
E. E, Allit. P.C. 72 Now sweze me pider swyftly & say 
me pis arende, 1393 Lana. P. Pl. C. xiv. 41 The mes- 
sager..with hus mouth telleb Hus erande, and hus lettere 
shewep. c1440 York Myst, xx. 233 To bam youre herand 
for to say. 1535 CovERDALE 1. Sam. xi. 5 So they tolde him 
[Saul] the Earande of the Men of Iabes. 1571 Campion 
Hist. Irel. 1. ix. (1633) 116 They pressed him sore with 
a trayterous errant, sent by his daughter the Lady of Slahe, 
to all his brethren. 1583 SranynurstT vezs 1. (Arb.) 22 
Tel your King, from me, this errand. 1725 De For Voy. 
round World (1840) 93 The second messenger came in, and 
delivered his part of the errand. 1754 SHERLOCK Disc. (1759) 
I. iv. 153 Preachers of the Gospel were sent ..and the 
Errand was worthy of Him who sent them. 

b. In religious language: A petition or prayer 
presented through another (the Virgin Mary). 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 167 Ure lafdi Seinte Marie bere 
ure arende to ure louerd ihesu crist. c1440 Bone Flor. 
1857 Lady Mary free. . Here my errande, as thou well may. 
©1460 Emare 8 Mary, hevyn qwene, Bere our arunde..To 
thy sone. 1849-53 Rock Ch. of Fathers III. ix. 341 The 
*handmaid of the Lord’ was looked upon as one among the 
appointed bearers of our errands unto heaven. 

2. A going with a message or a commission : 

a. In an elevated or dignified sense: A mission, 
embassy, an expedition for a specific purpose. 
Now arch., poet., or rhetorical. 

a@x000 Andreas 215 (Gr.) Ne meg pes zrendes ylding 
wyréan. 1065 O. E. Chron., Hig legdon zrende on hine 
to bam cyninge Eadwarde. 1683 Tempte Mem. Wks. 1731 
I. 477, I never obey’d the King so unwillingly in my Life ; 
both upon Account of an Errand so unneces: , and, etc. 
1744 THOMSON Swmmer 526 Immortal forms, On gracious 
errands bent. 1837 W. Irvine Capt. Bonneville Il. 257 
They met the guide returning from his secret errand. 1856 
Kane Arct. Expi. 11. xxi. 207 The scene .. impressed my 


brother when he visited it on his errand of rescue. 

b. In mod. colloquial language, esp.: A short 
journey on which an inferior (¢. g. a servant, a child) 
is sent to convey a message or perform some 
simple business on behalf of the sender. Phrases, 
to run (on) errands, to go (on) an errand. 

1642 Cuartes I Declar. 12 Aug. 13 Attending the doores 
of both Houses to be employed in their errants. 1859 
Dickens 7. Two Cities u. i, He was never absent during 
business hours, unless upon an errand, 

@. Phrases, A fool’s errand: a profitless under- 
taking. +A sleeveless errand: see SLEEVELESS. 

1705 HickeRINGILL Priest-cr. 1. (1721) 20 Did not the Pope 
send all the Princes of Christendom upon a Fool’s Errand, 
to gain the Holy Land? 1840 Marryat Poor Yack viii, 
The doctor’s come on a fool’s errand. 1884 Century Mag. 
Nov. 59/1 He was only going on a fool’s errand again. 

8. The business on which one is sent ; in wider 
sense, the object of a journey, a purpose, intention. 

a1228 Ancr. R. 246 Clene bone. .cumed in biuoren Almihti 
God, & ded pe erinde. .wel. c1250 Gen. § Ex. 1402 Eliezer.. 
tolde hem. .And for quat erdene he dider nam. ¢1340 Gaw. 
& Gr. Knt, 257 To wone any quyle in pis won, hit watz not 
myn ernde. @ 1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 282, I come ageyn 
Fulleche myn Erdon for to spede. c1400 Destr. Troy 522 
The woman, .vnder shadow of shame shewid forth hir ernd. 


275 


1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 243 To exercise theire causes 
and erneddes. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 263/4 Gotard .. for 
certeyne necessitees and erandes retorned into placence. 
1484 Paston Lett. No. 881 III. 314 Your sunne dede hese 
heyrne ryght wele as ye shal her aftyr this. 1598 Yonc 
Diana 24, 1 .. tooke out before me a few goates .. bicause 
I would not goe without some errant. 1609 SKENE Reg. 
Maj. 179 Commissions of Justitiarie, suld nocht be granted 
.. for langer spare nor the earand in hand may be conve- 
niently perfited. 16x0 T. Lorxin in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 251 
III. 221 The chief errand of my last Letters was to let you 
understand of our safe comming hither. 1699 BentLey Pad. 
7o He had another errant to Persia, than buying of Slaves. 
1790 Patey Hore Paul. Rom. i.g The errand which brought 
him to Jerusalem. 1883 Ouma Manda I. 3 This errand 
was distasteful. 

4. To make an errand: a. (cf. 2) to make a 


short journey; b. (cf. 3) to find a pretence for 
going. 

cx400 Rom. Rose 2513 If thou. .any errand mightest make 
Thider, for thy loves sake. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 22 
Pream., Y made myn erand unto you for seyng of evy- 
dence. 1549 Epwarp VI rnd. in Rem. (1857-8) 249 Gui- 
dotty made divers harauntes from the constable of Fraunce 
to make peace with us. 1580 Nortu Plutarch 729 (R.) 
He himself made an errand home to fetch such things as 
he lacked. 1589 Nasue Anat. Absurditie 13 Women .. 
will not stick to make an errant ouer the way. 1850 Mrs. 
Stowr Uncle Tom’s C. xxvii, Tom. .after vainly waiting for 
him to come out, determined, at last, to make an errand in. 

5. attrib. and Comb., as errand-bearer, -bringer, 
-cart, -goer, -porter; errand-bearing adj.; also, 
+erindebere, ME., = errand-bearer ; errand- 
boy, a boy kept to run on errands; so errand- 
lad; + erendes-man, ME., an ambassador; er- 
rand-making a., that finds an excuse for accosting 
or intruding upon a person. Also ERENDRAKE. 

a1228 Ancr. R60 pe lihteie. .is ase *erindebere [C. erende 
beorere] of pe lihteheorte. 1300 Cursor A. 3226 (Cott.) 
Apon his kne he did him suere Pat he suld be lel errand 
berer. 13.. /uterloc. Poent in Rel. Ant. 1. 146 Thu salt be 
my herand-bere. 1815 TweDpDELL Remains xviii. 300 (Jod.) 
Savoyard [a term] for chimney-sweeper and *errand-boy at 
Paris. 1838 Dickens O. Twist x, The tradesman leaves 
his counter .. the errand boy his parcels, the schoolboy his 
marbles. 1879 ‘E. Garrett’ (Mrs. Mayo) House by Was. I. 
66, I will send the errand boy with thee to carrya note. 1720 
OzeiiVertot’s Rom. Rep. L.1v.235 The Consuls. .ordered that 
*Errand-bringer of theirs to be driven away ignominously. 
1810 Edin. Rev. XV. 342 Who employs the drivers of *er- 
rand-carts to distribute them indiscriminately to travellers. 
1865 Dickens J/ut. /'y.1. v, He was *errand-goer by ap- 
pointment to the house at the corner. 1887 Pad? Mall G. 29 
June 13/2 Here, too, were “errand lads, shop lads, clerks. 
1599 Warn. Faire Wom. i. 355 These *errand-making gal- 
lants are good men, That cannot pass, and see a woman sit 
.. But they will find a ’scuse to stand and prate. 1205 
Lay. 24862 Nah na man demen “erendes-mon [c 1275 heren- 
drake] to dxden. 1818 Scott H7t. Midd. xxi, A tattered 
cadie, or *errand-porter .. exclaimed in a strong north- 
country tone. 

Hence +Errandee'r [+ -EER] (see quot.). 
Evrrander [+-ER1]. rave. One who goes on an 
errand. Etrrandry [+-Ry] = Erranp. 

1736 Bary, Errandeer, a scout at Oxford. 1883 G. 
STEPHENS Bugge's N. Mythol. 41 A shrub forgotten by the 
erranders. 1834 DisraeLi Rev. Epick 1. xxxi. 44 Swift To- 
morrow [is] but a truant hind, That lags upon a graceless 
errandry. . F 

Errant (e‘rint), a. (sd.). Also 4-5 erraunt(e, 
errawnt(e, 7 errand. See also Arrant. [a. Fr. 
errant, originally two distinct words, which, how- 
ever, were to some extent confused in Fr. In the 
senses represented by branch I it is pr. pple. of 
OF. erver (pr. t. oirre), also written esver, earlier 
edrer :—vulgar L. cterdre (=literary late L. z¢én- 
erdre, -drt) to journey, travel, f. zter journey. In 
the senses represented by branch III it is ad. L. 
errant-em pr. pple. of evrare (Fr. evrer, of learned 
origin) to stray, wander, Err. The primary notion 
in branch II is uncertain; it seems natural to in- 
terpret thief errant as ‘vagrant’ thief, and so to 
refer it to evrare ; but if Romanic scholars be right 
in referring judf errant (see 3) to zterare, this deri- 
vation may be correct here; or perh. the two words 
were already confused when the phrase arose.] 

I. Itinerant, travelling. 

A. adj. 

1. [after Fr. chevalier errant; cf. ‘ensemble 
oirrent li chevalier’? quoted in Godef.] Said of 
knights who travelled about in quest of adventure. 
See KNIGHT-ERRANT. 

[c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 810 Kny3t erraunt.] 1470 MALory 
Arthurw. xii. 134 Here maye ye see what auentures befallen 
oftyme of erraunte knyghtes. 1596 Spenser /’, Q. v. vi. 6 
Now she deuiz’d, amongst the warlike rout..to seeke her 
errant Knight. 1629 Masstncer Picture ut. v, I have read 
the tales of errant Knighthood. 1663 Butter Hud. 1. i. 
21 Chief of Domestick Knights and Errant, Either for 
Chartel or for Warrant. 1813 Scorr Zrierm. 1. x, He 
journey’d like errant knight the while. , 

b. transf. (often as pr. pple.): Travelling, roam- 
ing (in quest of adventure, or like a knight-errant), 
poet. or quasi-arch. 

2a 1634 Cuarpman & Suirtey Ball iv, We bee no Ladies 
errant. 1805 Worpsw. Prelude ut. (1850) 466 Boys and 
youths Forsook their homes. .errant in the quest Of Patron. 
1834 Sir H. Tayior Artevelde u. v. iii. (1849) 256 Errant for 
geste and enterprise. 1858 Mrs. OLIPHANT Laird of Nor- 


ERRANT. 


Zaw 1. 289 Thinking of that ship, or of the sons of other 
mothers who were errant in her. 1858 Sat. Rev. V. 61/2 
That same lady-errant who, etc. 

e, That is in the spirit of a knight-errant ; also, 
with notion of g, erratic, ‘ quixotic’. 

1822 B. Cornwatt Lp. to Sir F. Lawrence in Misc. 
Poems, With pleasure which rewards mine errant pains. 
1874 T. Harpy Madding Crowd I. xxviii. 306 Her temerity 
in such an errant undertaking. 

+2. Pawn errant (OF. paonnet errant (Rom. 
Rose)|: in chess, a travelling pawn, one that has 
been advanced from its original square. 

¢ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 661 Fortune seyde .. 
‘mate ” in mid pointe of the chekkere With a powne erraunt. 

+8. Errant Jew [Fr. judf errant]: the‘ Wander- 
ing Jew’; in quot. ¢ransf. 

2a 1400 Morte Arth. 2895 Thus es be geante for-juste, that 
errawnte Iewe. i 2 

+4. Inthe designations of certain English legal 
functionaries: bailiff-errant (see BatLirr 4) 
[AF. badilif errant, 14 Edw. HI, st. 1. ¢. 9]5 
justice- errant [AF. justice - erraunt, Britton 
c1290; in Anglo-Lat. always jesticdarius itin- 
evans], a justice who travels on circuit. 

1goz ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 3 Our lord the Kynge. -shall 
not assigne Justicis wythin the cite .. other than Justicis 
errauntis to the tour of London, etc. 1574 tr. Littleton’s 
Tenures 105 a, The original and the processe were sente 
beefore Justices errantes, where the parties came. 1641 
Termes de la Ley 141 Justices that goe circuit, and Bailiffes 
at large..are therefore called Justices Errants and Bailiffes 
Errants.. ae 

5. Said gez. of itinerant functionaries, offices, or 
jurisdictions. 

1638 Penit. Conf. ix. (1657) 292 Whether every errant 
Priest is so furnished, that comes unto them in that name? 
1874 Hetps Soc. Press. iv. 60 All the functionaries of 
government were more errant. 1887 Gore in Expositor 
June 417 We find..side by side with..the local ministry 
of Bishops and Deacons, a still general or errant ministry. 

B. sb. A knight-errant ; one who travels in the 
manner or spirit of a knight-errant. 

1643 W. Cartwricut Lady Errant w. i.(1651) 50 Truth 
is the essence of our Order, we Who are errants cannot de- 
ceive and be. 1689 Everyn J/cm. (1857) III. 309 Isaac 
[Vossius] was invited thither [to Sweden] by the heroic and 
royal errant. 18xx Suettry in Hogg Life I. 414 If we were 
errants, you should have the tilting all to yourself. 

II. In senses of ARRANT 2-6. 

+6. In phrase thief errant, errant (arrant) 
thief: in Chaucer, the leader of a band of robbers ; 
subsequently, a notorious, ‘common’ thief. Ody. 
exc. in form ARRANT. 

¢ 1386-1822 [See ARRANT 2.] : 

+7, Used as an intensive with sbs. of reproachful 
sense: Thoroughgoing, ‘unmitigated’: see AR- 
RANT 3, 3 b. 

1393-1538 [see ARRANT 3]. 1619 W. WHATELY Gods Husb. 
i. (1622) 76 Thou art an errand grosse hypocrite. 1719 [see 
Arrant 3]. @1720 Suerrietp(Dk. Buckhm.) MW&s. (1753) 
II. 131 Doing a thing in one Parliament, and ordering it 
to be no precedent to another, is an errant bull. 1776 [see 
Arrant 3b]. 1840 Smarr says that evravt is ‘ often wrongly 
used for arvant’. ; e 

+8. Without opprobrious sense: Thorough, 
downright, absolute, unquestionable. Ods. 

1644 Mitton Avcop. (Arb.) 63 Protestants and professors, 
who live and dye in as errant and implicit faith, as any lay 
Papist of Loretto. c1698 Locke Cond, Underst. (1781) 20 A 
country gentleman who. .can away with no company whose 
discourse goes beyond what claret and dissoluteness inspire. 
To such aone truly an ordinary coffee-house gleaner 1s an 
errant statesman. 1703 Mrs. Centiivre Love's Contriv. v, 
I shall become as errant a husband as you'd wish. 1710 
Cromwe t Let. 5 Nov. in Pofe’s Wks. V. 99 He is so errant 
a whig, that he strains even beyond his author, in his passion 
for liberty. . 

+b. as pred. ? Unquestionable. 

1653 Hates Brevis Disg. in Phenix (1708) U1. 333 Unless 
we take that for errant which is in question..Whether the 
Pope be the infallible Judg of Controversies. 

III. Straying, wandering, erring. 

9. Astray, wandering, roving; straying from the 
proper course or place; having no fixed course. 

(In first quot. used as a mere pple.) 

14.. Circumcision in Tundale’s Vis. (1843) 97 To bryng 
the lost schepe ageyn.. That was erraunt ydyl and in vayne. 
1590 SPENSER /. Q. 11. viii, 6 A shady glade .. to her 
reveald By errant Sprights, but from all men conceald. 
1606 SHAKS. 7%. & Cr. 1. iii. 9 As knots. .Infect the sound 
Pine, and diuerts his Graine Tortiue and erant from his 
course of growth. a@1720 SuerFiecp (Dk. Buckhm.) Ws. 
(1753) II. 7 The Lord Rochester at the place appointed, who 
.. brought an errant life-guard man. 1828 Scotr /. J. Perth 
xix, When he has seen the errant damsel safe home, it will 
be time enough to claim his reward. 1861 Tempte & TREVOR 
Tannhéuser 21 With errant foot He wander’d on to Harsel. 
1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. u. vi, With an errant motion of his 
hands as if he could have torn himself. 

+b. Said of the planets (L. ste//e errantes 
= Gr. dorépes mAavfjra) as opposed to the fixed 


stars. Ods. 

1616 R.C. Times’ Whis. 146 Astronomers that can foretell 
eventes. . By errant planettes & by fixed starres. 1646 Sir T. 
Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. xii. 210 There are just seven Planets 
or errant Starres in the lower orbs of heaven. 1646 G. DanrEL 
Poems Wks. 1878 I. 17 Tis but her Errant motion; Hee, 
the Same Light, to the world. [1860 Emerson Cond. Life 
viii. Wks. (Bohn) II. 428 He heard a voice none else could 
hear From centred and from errant sphere. ] $5 

=-2 


ERRANT. 


+c. In the classification of diseases ; = ERRATIC. 

1621 Burton Anat, Mel. 1. i. 1. ii, Diseases..Errant, 
Fixed, Simple, te. = 

10. Erring in opinion, conduct, etc. ; deviating 
from the correct standard. 
— G. Cuarman End Learn. in Farr S. P. Yas. J (1848) 
253 Skill, that doth luce But tearmes and tongues, and 
parroting of arte, Without that powre to rule the errant 
part. r676 Eves Diary 6 Sept., The famous besmiy and 
errant lady the Dutchesse of Mazarine. 188: G. F. Watts 
in 19th Cent. Mar. 452 Correcting errant taste in dress. 
1883 Brit. Q. Rev, July 4 To counteract an errant condition 
by another condition which is itself errant. 

b. Used as sb, rare. ae Saialey 

1839 J. Rocers Antipopopr. vi. 219 unacy, insanity, 
Pe sh -Oh papal at great is your error !..how 
ridiculous your c 

Evrrant, v. vonce-wd. [f. prec.] 
travel abroad (like a knight-errant). _ - 

1807 Sir R.Witson ¥rnd.14 Nov., The British soldier. .has 
the advantage of erranting for his service. He seeks his 
glory Pitan ey 

Erranteer, var. of ERRANDEER. 


1736 in Baiey. 

+ Erra‘ntic, ¢. Ods. [f. Erranta.+-tc.] Of, 
pertaining to, or characteristic of, knights errant. 
So Erra‘ntical a. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. ii. 73 Presented ten thou- 
sand whirlygigs, Windmils, and Turne-pikes to his erran- 
tick soule. /dzd. Iv. xxv. atl They have been rid many 
hundred of more then errantick miles. 1612 SHELTON Quix. 
1. 1. vii. 47 The erranticall Knighthood ought to bee againe 
renewed. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. vill. 29 For Sancho 
having now two capacities, the one personall, and the other 
Squire erranticall, etc. /ézd. u. v. 57 For the Don.. sets 
her out in her erranticall titles. 

Errantly (erantli), adv. [f. Ernant a. + -LY2.] 
Wanderingly, at random; without definite purpose. 

1831 CarLyLe Sart. Res. (1858) 168 Into how many strange 
shapes, of Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not ten- 
tatively and errantly cast itself. 1859 Chamd. Frnl. XI. 349 
‘The images flit..so errantly and transiently. 

Evrrantness. vare—°. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The state or fact of being errant. 

1730-6 Baitey (folio), Errantness, wandering faculty. 

Errantry (e'rintri). [f. Erranr+-Ry.] The 
condition of being errant; the condition of a 
knight-errant ; conduct or notions characteristic of 
a knight-errant. See also KNIGHT-ERRANTRY. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. i. 2 As appeares by his Er- 
rantry, which is but a neater word for wandring. 1661 K. 
W. Conf. Charac. (1860) 20 He sends so many St. Georges 
to an eternal errantry never to returne to his burnt bottometh 
pocked, 1733 Fietpinc Quix. 1.v, I should not have fol- 
lowed his errantries so long. 1825 A. W. Fonsianque in 
West. Review IV. 398 Sheridan’s part in this affray was 
considered by the shrewder observers as a ridiculous piece 
of errantry. 1881 Durrietp Don Quix. Pref. 35 On the 
return home from their errantries. 

+Evrrantship. 0s. (xonce-wd.) [f. ERRANT 
sb. +-SHIP.] The personality of a (knight-) errant. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. xix. 265 When Maritornes 
and his Errant-ship were imbracing. 

Errata: see ERRATUM. 

+ Errat(e. Os. Anglicized f. Erratum. 

1548 Hai Chron, (1809) Introd. 12 For what young man 
.. when he cometh to more ripenes of yeres. .doth not amend 
and change into better, his old errates and wanton actes. 
1654 Vitvain Zit. Ess. Pref. B. iv. b, Verses with sundry 
Errats are distended. | - 

Erratic (ere‘tik), @. and sé. Forms: 4 er- 
ratike, -tyk, 6 erratik, -tycke, 7 erratique, 
7-8 erratick(e, 6- erratic. [ad. L. erratic-us, 
f. errdre to wander, Err. Cf. Fr. erratigue.] 

A. Wandering; prone to wander. 

1. First used in certain special applications : 

+a. Erratic star: a planet. Ods. 

C 1374 Cuaucer Jroylus v. 1824 He saw with full avise- 
ment The erratike sterres, herkening armonie. 1413 Lype. 
Pilgr. Sowlev. i. 2 The seuene name couthe planetes, that 
ben cleped of clerkes sterres erratiks. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 
(1873) 47 Cosmaghraphie..sal declair the mouyng. .of the 
sternis fixt, and sternis erratic. 1655-60 STantey //ist. 
Philos, (1701) 187/2 The Erratick [stars] are seven. 1774 J. 
Bryant Mythol. II. 32 If. .these..stones related to the seven 
erratic bodies in our spheres [i. e, the planets]. 

b. Said of pains, or diseases which are not 
fixed, but move from one part to another, as gout, 
rheumatism, etc. 

1547 Boorve Brev. Health cxlviii. 54 The Erratycke and 
commyxt fever. 1651 Biccs New Disp. 178 Materiall cause 
of all erratick pains. 1725 N. Roninson 7h. Physick. 15 
Costiveness, succeeded with a slow Erratic Fever. 17: 
tr. Vegetius’ Distemp. Horses 12 This Ailment, because it 
is erratick, all of a sudden removes to the other foot. 

te. Erratic Poppy: transl. L. papaver erraticum 
(Pliny), identified by Eng. writers with the Wild 
or Corn Poppy (Papaver Rhaas). 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim, §& Min. 193 Endive, roses, and 
erratick poppies. 1672 JorpAn London Triumph, in Heath 
Grocers’ Comp.(1869)494 A wreath about her head, consisting 
of variety of grain .. intermingled with .. erratick Poppies. 

2. Wandering from place to place; vagrant ; 
nomadic. Ods.; shading off into 4. 

1656 BLount Glossogr., Erratiqgue, that wanders or creeps 
this way and that way. 1725 Pore Odyss. xu. 74 Through 
the vast waves the dreadful wonders move, Hence named 
Erratic by the gods above. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 141 
Pio When fortune did not favour my erratick industry, I 


intr. To 


276 


leaned jests at home. 1757 Burke Adbridgm. Eng. Hist. 
W This erratick fistce {when the courts travelled 
] must have uctive of infinite incon- 
iti 1808 Pike Sources Mississ. 1. 17 
long enou, 
1816 Scorr Old 
No en could induce him to alter his 


IL At this period Delos supposed to have floated in 
an eral state on the surface ofthe water. 
le tol. 

1857 Woop Com. Obj. Sea-shore 99 They are rather mi- 
gratory in their habits, but not erratic, for t! seem to go 
over same course week after week. 1871 T. R. Jones 
Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 286 The first period of their existence, 


during which they lead an erratic life, then closes. 

3. Erratic blocks, boulders, in Geol.: stray 
masses of rock, foreign to the surrounding strata, 
that have been transported from their original site, 
apparently by glacial action. 

a 1828 W, Puitiips Treat. Geol.(Humble), The magnitude 
of the transported rocks is such as to deserve the name of 
erratic blocks. 1849 Murcuison S7luria i. (1867) 19 To the 
unskilled eye Russia presents only monotonous undulations, 
chiefly covered by mud, sand, and erratic blocks. 1859 
Darwin Orig. Spec. xii. (1873) 330 Erratic boulders and 
scored rocks plainly reveal a Pi cold period. _ 1871 
Tynpay Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) I. viii. 270 We crossed Creag 
Dhubh, and examined the erratic blocks upon its sides. 

4. Irregular or uncertain in movement; having 
no fixed course. 

1841 Catiin V. Amer. Ind. (1844) II. xlvii. 97 My erratic 
wanderings. 1854 MoseLey Astron. Ixxviii. (ed. 4) 218 The 
attraction of Jupiter..upon this erratic comet. 1879 G. W. 
Case Old Creole Days 150 Short remnants of the wind now 
and then came down the narrow street in erratic puffs. 

5. Irregular or eccentric in conduct, habit, or 
opinion. 

1841 Disraeti Amen, Lit. (1867) 623 The genius of Dee 
was as erratic as the course of life he shortly fell into. 1876 
M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 23 To gather up those erratic 
spirits that now stand aloof from any religious school. 1885 
Miss Brappvon Wyllard’s Weird 1.17 He did not appear 
at luncheon, but .. he is always erratic. 

B. sé. 

1. An erratic person: +a. A vagabond (ods.). 
b. One who is eccentric in modes of action, etc. 

1623 Cocxeram, Erraticke, a Rogue. 1669 GaLe Crt. 
Gentiles 1. 1. iii. 35 Euripides cals the Bacchic Priests .. 
Erratics, or wanderers. 1816 G. S. Faser Orig. Pagan 
Idol. 111, 340 The canonized erratic vouchsafed to inform 
Eadmer that he disapproved of returning to his old station. 
1835 Fraser's Mag. Ra. 274 Itis.. only by following the 
erratics through their concentric courses that we can trace 
out the manifold ways and vices of man. 

+2. An erratic star, a planet. Ods. rare. 

1714 Deruam Astro-Theol. u. ii. (1769) 74 Our Sun doth 
(warm] the erraticks encompassing it. 

3. Geol. An erratic block. 

1849 Murcuison Siluria xx. 505 The huge erratics of the 
later cold period. 1882 Dawkins in Nature XXVI. 436 
Icebergs, melting as they passed southwards, deposited .. 
erratics. 

b. Comb. 

1881 G. M. Dawson in Nature XXIII. 281 The drift- 
covered and erratic-strewn character of the country. 

Erratical (erz'tikal), a. & sb. [f. prec. +-aL.] 

1. Wandering. 

1620 Br. Hatt Hon. Mar. Clergy 200 This man’s wit 
wanders with his erraticall synode. 1646 J. Maine Agst. 
False Proph. 31 Those erraticall, uncertain, wandring night- 
fires .. which shine only to lead Travellers out of the way. 
1650 Futter Pisgah iv. ii. 20 The Midianites especially led 
erraticall lives. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 

2. +a. Deviating from a given type. b. Guided 
by no rule, capricious, irregular, strange. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. vi. 95 And therefore 
come not forth in porerncions erraticall, or different from 
each other. 1698 W. Cuitcor Evil Thoughts iv. (1851) 48 
Unhappy conjunctions oftentimes prove the consequence of 
such erratical motions. 1854 Ruskin Two Paths ii. 7o And 
say ar teaching, to bring out very erratical results. 

+ B. sb. = Erratic B. 2. Ods. 

1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. clxxxv. 796 Were the scurvy 
position of h in & seconded with other malignant positures 
of the Erraticals. ‘i 

Hence Erra‘tically adv., in an erratic manner ; 
irregularly, capriciously. Erra‘ticalness. 

1613 M. Riptey Bodies 99 Varieth their direction 
diversely, and erratically. 1775 in Asu, 1861 Witson & 
Geixie Mem. E. Forbes xii. 427 The remainder of this year 
was spent somewhat erratically. 1862 Lyrron Str. St 
I. 166 The needle stirred, indeed, but erratically. i 
Srurmey 7ricyclist’s /ndispens. Ann. 12 The machine is 
made to steer very erratically. 1730-6 Battery (folio), Zr- 
vaticainess, wandring faculty. 

+ Evrratile, 2. Ods. rare. [ad. L. ervatilis, f. 
errare.| @, Of a star: Wandering. b. Erro- 
neous, mistaken. 

i Gaute Magastrom. 66 To .. note all the stars (both 
fixed and erratile) under which one is born, and that with- 
out any errour or erratile apprehension in himself. 

+ Erra‘tion. Ods.—° [ad. L. evration-em, n. of 
action f. erxrare to wander. 

1623 Cockeram, Zrration, a wandring to and fro. 1730-6 
in Batrey (folio), 1832 in WessTer. 

(eréi'tém). Pl. errata. [a. L. erra- 
tum, neut. pa. pple. of errare: see ERR.] 

1. An error in writing or printing; chzefly, an 
error noted in a list of corrections attached to a 
printed book. 


ERRING. 
1589 Mar; £, 0b, Ecrate, o¢ Sale aia 
QuarLes Div, Recis Iv. Xxxv. (1660) 151 Works 


s 
a Book .. "Tis falsly printed, though di "d, And 
‘i th Kuta wiligeeer et'ch' coll. ‘sOpe Pereaee B 


Spect. No. 579 Px The 

very remarkable E: 

tions [of the Bible]. 

The long errata disfigures this 

c1817 Hoce ales & Sk. Il. 234 An erratum to a volume. 
} J. Jounson Typogr. 11. vi. 142 The errata are put im- 

before the body of the work, or at the end of it. 

1875 Jowerr Plato (ed, 2) I. p. vii, { have inserted as cor- 

rections under the head of errata. 

b. transf. 


1778 Franxuin A xutobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 26 This I therefore 
reckon one of the first errata of i 


™ 
9 2.. a. Like other plurals in -a, errata often 
appears in 17~-18th c. with the addition of -’s or -es 
without alteration of sense. b. At the same period, 
errata occurs as a sing.,=‘ list of errata’, and in 


that sense takes -es in p/. 


a. 1644 Quaries S) Orac. xi, Hee’s a Fill’d 
with Enttats of the peeuak Ga ee Man's Call. 
53 Look back upon time past .. that the former errata’s and 


miscarriages of life may be henceforth corrected. 1727 Swirt 
Further Acc. E. Curll, Resolved, That a se ty A adh 
tive errata’s ised out of Pope’s Homer. 

b. 1635 T. Lamparpe 70 Rar. in W. Lambarde’s Ar- 
cheion, Those that..swallow the Errours for Errataes. 1650 
Eart Mons. tr. Senault’s Man become Guilty A.4a,1 have 
made an Amends by printing an Errata. Heyun Ex- 
amen Hist. U1. 150 Such M '$ are so in him, 
as might make a sufficient Errata at the end of his History. 
1663 GERBIER Counsel 105 The Errataes at the end of books. 

3. attrib. in pl. 

1852 Moore Devil among Schol. 35 In whom the dear 
errata column Is the best page in all the volume ! 

Erraunt, obs. form of ERRANT. 

Erre, var. of ArR, Ods., wound, scar. 

ar Hampote Psalter xxxvii. 5 Myn erres .. bat is pe 
wondes of my synnes. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 265 
Shewing his woundes —_ 1562 Butteyn Bk. Simples 
14a, Anoint the faces of children, that haue the small 
Pockes, when the said Pockes be ripe, to kepe them from 
pittes or erres. 

Erre, var. of InRE, Ods., wrath. 

©1450 Myrc 1225 Hast thow had enuye and erre To hym 
that was thyn ouer herre. 

[f Err + -zp1.] 


Erred (51d), p/. a. rare. 
Used erroneously ; misapplied. 

602 W. Alb, Eng. 1x. xlix. (16 26 Catholiq: 
(that and Gana doth p! saa the ping = 

+ Evrres. Oés. g/. [a. OF. erves pl.: see ARLES.] 
Earnest-money ; an earnest. 

c 1425 Leg. Rood (1871) 217 To bye hys chaffare pe child 
payed erres. 

+ Evrrevous, a. Obs. rare—'. [f. erre, Inne, 
anger, after plend , bountevous, etc.) Wrathful. 

a1420 Hoccieve De Reg. Princ. 84 Alle his angre and 
his erreuous [fr inted err ] talent Refraynede he. 

Errhine (erin), 5s. (and a.) Med. Also 7 
errhin. [ad. mod.L. errhinum, ad. Gr. éppiv-oy, f. 
éy in + piv nostril. Cf. Fr. errhin adj.) 

1. ‘A medicine which when applied to the mucous 
membrane of the nose increases the natural secre- 
tions and produces sneezing’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1626 Bacon bea 1631 § 38 Powders .. (which the Phy- 
sitians call Errhines) put into the Nose, draw Flegme, and 
water from the Head. 1634 T. Jounson tr. Parey's Chirurg. 
XXVI. xxxv. (1678) 654 Drie Ei are to be blown into 
the nose with a pipe or quill. x7x0 T, Futter Pharm. 
ae 151 Errhines are to be us’d cheefly in the Morning. 
wy « Woop 7) p. (1879) 557- i‘ te 

+2. A plug of lint st in such a medicine 
for insertion in the nose. Ods. 


be deuises made like tents, 
at one end than the other, to bee put vp into the nose. 
J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) *149, I hooked it with 
an Errhine, and divided the with a Bistou ry: 

3. as adj. Having the action of an errhine (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.). 

1876 Har.ey Mat, Med. 380 Externally it is rubefacient 


and errhine. 

(rin), vbl, sb. [f. EnR+-1nG1.] The 
action of the verb Err ; an instance of the same, 
a fault. * 

Cath. 
HY vaanee ome Consid, 38 Two sorts of e.g 
1654 E. Jounson Wond.-wrkg, Provid. 175 Yet have thi 
lias others. 1699 Pomrrer Love Trium, 


Erring (Sin), #//. a. [f. Err v. + -1nc?.] 
That errs in senses Boe vb.: +wandering, roam- 
ing (0ds.); deviating from the right or intended 
course, missing the mark; that is in error, or 
commits errors in opinion or conduct. 
ay Hampote Psalter xiii. 1 Delite of 
men to ween God "Tay 

Mass-bk. App. v. 394 As an [sg song, gel 
be aad the myenty om nage ol god how many 


hhyes To hie Gonfica sap Wurtpoussn ha 
xe Pele Uelp eas MASeE UR EgE erring 


Peel ets 


ERRINGLY. 


Captaine. 165r Hospes Leviath. ut. xlii. 319 Danger .. 
may arise to Religion, by the Subjects tolerating of an .. 
Erring Prince, etc. . 1697 Drypen Exeid (T.), He all those 
erring parts described so well, That Theseus conquer’d, 
and the monster fell. . 1715-20 Pore //iad v, 24 His sound- 
ing spear, Which .. spent in empty air its erring force. 
18; 5: Ghunexr Chr. Atonem. ii. (1852) 39 Still to erring, 
wilful man, the way to life is strait. 1875 Jowetr Plato 
(ed. 2) I. 173 The erring act which is done without know- 
ledge is one in ignorance. 
+b. ZLrring star = planet. Ods. 

1449 Precock Refpr. v. i. 480 Erring sterris. 1647 H. 
More Song of Soul u. ut. ut. xv, So doth the Earth one of 
the erring Seven Wheel round the fixéd sunne. 1697 Dry- 
vEN Virg. (J.), Fix’d and erring stars dispose their influence. 

Erringly (Srinli), adv. [f. prec.+-n¥2.] In 

an erring manner, in the senses of the verb. 
, 1815 Worpsw. Wh. Doe Ded., He serves the Muses err- 
ingly and ill, Whose aim is pleasure light and fugitive. 1835 
New Monthly — XLIV. 69 That army, like a rudderless 
bark, floats erring! y. ~~ D'Israei Amen. Lit. (1867) 131 
A standard from which the prevalent style of its contempo- 
raries has erringly diverged. 

Erriwig, -wiggle, dial. form of Earwie sé. 

1830 Forsy Norf § Suffolk Voc. 106 Erriwiggle, an 
earwig. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 134 Looks 
like a throttled erriwig. 

Erroneo'sity. ? zonce-wd. [f. ERRONEOUS, after 
the analogy of curzoszty, etc.] = Erroneousness. 

1840 New Monthly Mag. LIX. sor All his opinions. .were 
founded on ‘ erroneosity’. 

Erroneous (erdwnios). Forms: 4-7 erro- 
nious(e, 5-6 erronyous(e, (5 arronious, ero- 
nyous, 6 erreoneous, ironyos, 7 erroneus), 4— 
erroneous. [?ad. OF. ervoneus, f. L. errdneus 
(whence mod.F, erroné) vagrant, wandering (post- 
class. also ‘ erroneous’), f. evrdn-em vagabond, f. 
errare to wander: see -OUS.] 

+1. Wandering, roving ; moving aimlessly, va- 
grant. Also quasi-adv. Obs. 

1460 CarGrave Chron. 252 The bischoppis .. opened no 
mouth to berk ageyn these erroneous doggis. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. vu. 20 On th’ Aleian Field I fall Erroneous, there to 
wander and forlorne. 1704 Newton Oftics (1721) 91 This 
Circle, by being placed here, stopped much of the Erro- 
neous Light. a 1777 Fawkes tr. Halley's Eulogy on Newton, 
With what proportion’d force The Moon impels, erroneous 
in her course, The refluent main. 

+b. Straying from the proper course. Ods. rare. 

173 ArsutHNnot A diments 165 An erroneous Circulation 

(that is, when the Blood strays into the Vessels destin’d to 


bari 4 Serum or Lymph). 
+2. Straying from the path of right or virtue, 
morally faulty, criminal. ds. or arch. 

1598 Suaks. 3 Hen. VJ, 1. v. go What Stragems? how 
fell? how Butcherly? Erreoneous, mutinous, and vnnaturall. 
1634 Sir T. Herbert 7vav. 55 The Prophet used to lay 
this stone on the shoulders ef the erronious. 1777 Dopp 
in Boswell Johnson (1848) 542 My life for some few unhappy 
years has been dreadfully erroneous. a@1797 H. WacroLe 
Mem. Geo. IT (1845) I. vii. 95 The probability was, that 
himself had been erroneous, 1819 Byron Fax 11. xii, Shut 
The book which treats of this erroneous pair. 

+3. Straying from the ways of wisdom or pru- 
dence; under the influence of error, misguided. 
Obs. or arch. 

rs1z Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 19 Pream., The seid Frensche 
kyng .. abydyng in his.. erronyous mynde. 1526 Pilg”. 
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 55 He... sleeth by confessyon the 
wormes of the scrupulous and erronyous conscience. 1594 
Suaks. Rich. [//, 1. iv. 200 Erroneous Vassals. 1640 Lond. 
Petit. in Rushw.. Hist. Coll. (1692) I. 94 The great en- 
crease of .. Ignorant and Erroneous Men in the Ministry. 
1684 Bunyan Pilgr. u. 64 marg., "Tis difficult getting of 
good Doctrine in erroneous Times. 1685 Baxter Parafhr. 
N._T. (1701) Matt. vi. 22 If thy judgment then be blind 
which must guide thee, what a miserable erroneous wretch 
wilt thou be. 1759 GotnsmitH Miscel?. Wks. (1837) II. 246 
Leibnitz. . being very erroneous himself, cannot be expected 
to have bequeathed precision to his followers. 1775 JOHNSON 
Tax. no Tyr. 87 That erroneous clemency. 1810 CrasBE 
Borough xx, And should have strengthened an erroneous 
heart. . 1829 Soutney Sir 7. More I. 133 He who shows 
himself grievously erroneous upon one important point must 
. = his opinions properly distrusted upon others. 

sol, 
_ 160r Cornwattyes Zs. 1. xxix. (1631) 42 He will never 
instruct the erronious for a frowning reply quailes him, 
Ys Akoran 188 God prolongeth the life of the erroneous. 
. Of doctrines, opinions, statements, etc. : Con- 
taining errors; of the nature of error; incorrect, 
mistaken, wrong. 

¢1400 Test. Love 1. 277/2 See ye not everie wight that to 
these erronious opini were 1494 FasyAn 
Chron. vit. 539 [The] erronyouse opynyons of y® sayd er 
[Wyclif’s]. c¢1530 More Answ. Frith Wks. (1557) 833/1 
letter of sir Thomas More knight impugning the erroniouse 
weying of John Frith agaynst the blessed sacrament of the 
aulter. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 63 What an ironyos 
oppynyone is this unto the leye pepulle. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. x. 969 How little weight my words with thee can 
find, Found so erroneous. 1711 J, GREENwoop Eng. Gram. 
246 Mr, Ray says this spelling is erroneous and that. 700d 
and dood .. ought to be written ud, dlud. 1757 Burke 
Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. (1842) II. 529 His astronomy is 
.-imperfect and grossly erroneous. 1822 Imison Sc. & Art 
Il. 2 But modern chemistry has shown that this was an 
erroneous supposition. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 53 The 
erroneous impression that abscesses exist in the liver only. 

b. Of a legal proceeding: Faulty in law, irre- 
gular; chiefly, vitiated by ‘error’ in the technical 
sense ; see ERROR 4 ¢. 


277 


1495 Act 11 Hen, VII, c. 59 Pream., For so muche as 
the same utlagarie is arronious. 1601-2 FuLseckr 1st Pt. 
Parall. 58 Otherwise the iudgment iserronious. 1818 Cruise 
ros sede 2) V. 109 The same lands were granted to two 
different persons, which was repugnant and erroneous. 1848 
Wuarton Law Lex 226/2 Any matter appearing on the 
face of the record, which shews the judgment to be erro- 
neous, 

Erroneously (erden/asli), adv, [f. ERRONEOUS 
+-LY*.] In an erroneous manner: +a. In an 
erratic or wandering manner. b. In a misguided 
manner, under the influence of error. e¢. Other- 
wise than is the fact; incorrectly. 

a. 1528 Roy Sat. (1845) 111 We wander in darcknes With 
out light erroniously. 

is1z Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 19 Pream., Erronyously 
defendyng and maynteynyng his seid obstynate opynyons. 
1655 Futter Ch,-Hist. 1. 2 They who erroneously conceive 
one God too little, will find two too many. 1726-7 Swirr 
Gulliver (J.), 1..conceived it, perhaps, erroneously, rather 
to be rigorous than gentle. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
IV. 330 They erroneously imagined that there was an exact 
analogy between, etc. 

ec. 1578 Lyte Dodoens u. xliv. 203 This flowre is called 
Affodillus .. but very erroniously, 1646 Sir T, Browne 
Pseud. Ep. wt. xvili. 153 If vision .. receive its objects 
erroneously, [it is called] Hallucination. 1675 Ocitsy Brit, 
17 It iscomputed, but erroneously, mid-way between Durham 
and Newcastle. 175x Jounson /dler No. 100 #1 Which 
produce very mischievous mistakes when they are erron- 
eously interpreted. 1879 J. Grant in Cassedl’s Techn. 
Educ. VV. 382/2 Hitherto been set down most erroneously 
in all maps. 

Erroneousness (erénéosnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being erroneous. 

1624 A. Wotton Rune front Rome 68, 1 haue alreadie.. 
discouered and proued the erroneousnesse of the faith of 
that Church. 1748 Hartiey Odserv. Mav 1. iii. 391 The 
Erroneousness of the Judgment in Children and Idiots, 1818 
Haram Mid. Ages (1872) II. 299 The erroneousness of 
this religion. 1854 Tout. Smitu Parish (1857) 11, I shall 
show the erroneousness of the .. notion, 

+ Evrronist. Ods.rare—'. [f. L. evron-em vaga- 
bond (cf. ERRONEOUS) + -IST.] ?A teacher of 
false doctrine. 

1654 E. Jounson Wonder-wrkg. Provid. 98 These Er- 
ronists..Cry out against a learned Presbitery. 

Error (e're1). Forms: 4 erur, errur(e, 4, 6 
erroure, 4-8 errour, (4-5 arrour, -owre, er- 
rowre, 5-6 errore, 6 erore), 4—- error. [a. OF. 
error, errur, errour (mod.Fr. evreur) = Pr. and 
Sp. error, It. errore:—L. error-em, f{. errare to 
wander, Err. (Some of the early forms may be 
due to the influence of OF. evrezire :—Lat. type 
*erratiram). 

Down to the end of the 18th c. the prevailing form was 
errour, which is the form given by Johnson and by Todd 
(1818); Bailey’s Dict. introduces error in 1753, and this 
spelling is now universal. (In words which have -vv- before 
the suffix, as horror, terror, mirror, the spelling of -ov for 
an older -our is accepted by British as well as American 
writers.)] x . ; 

1. The action of roaming or wandering ; 
hence a devious or winding course, a roving, wind- 
ing. Now only Zoet. 


The primary sense in Latin; in Fr. and Eng. it occurs 
only as a conscious imitation of Lat. usage. 

1594 Daniet Compl. Rosamond Wks. (1717) 50 Intricate 
innumerable Ways, With such confused Errors. 1610 
Guim Heraldry xvi. (1660) 201 Being by error lost, they 
[dogs] have refused meat. 1636 B. Jonson Discov. Wks. 
(ed. Rtldg.) 765/1 His error by sea, the sack of Troy, are 
put not as the argument of the work. 1654 R. CoprincTon 
tr. Justine 318 But Archagathus was taken by them, who 
had lost his Father in the error of the night. 1667 Mitton 
P. L.1v.239 The crisped Brooks, Rowling. . With mazie error 
under pendant shades. 1673 Lady's Call. 1. iv. P 13. 30 
[The moon] has a kind of certainty even in her planetary 
errors. 1743 R. Bair Grave 99 Where the. .stream has slid 
along In grateful errors through the underwood.. 1720 Gay 
Poems (1745) I. 13 Ifan enormous salmon chance to spy The 
wanton errors of the floating fly. 1872 Tennyson Gareth & 
Lynette es bss damsel’s headlong error thro’ the wood, 

+2. Chagrin, fury, vexation; a wander- 
ing of the feelings; extravagance of passion. Ods. 

{A common use in OF.; cf. IRour, a. OF. zrour anger, 
which may have been confused with this word.] 

c1320 Sir Beues 1907 Tho was Beues in strong erur. 
¢ 1325 Coer de L. 5937 Kyng Richard pokyd [?bo kyd] gret 
errour, Wrathe dede hym chaung colour. ¢ 1450 Merlin 
xx. 318 A-boute his herte com so grete errour that it wete 
all his visage with teeres of his yien. 1460 Lybeaus Disc. 
1081 The lord wyth greet errour Rod hom to hys tour. 

III. The action or state of erring. 

8. The condition of erring in opinion ; the hold- 
ing of mistaken notions or beliefs; an instance of 
this, a mistaken notion or belief; false beliefs 
collectively. Phrases, Zo de, stand in, lead into 
error; + without error = ‘doubtless’. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 16900 (Cott.) Pan sal rise mar pan be- 
forn errur of vr fai, ¢ 1340 /did. 25225 (Cott. Galb.) All men 
pat in errure iss for to be broght vnto pi blis. ¢ 1340 Ham- 
POLE Prose Tr. 9 Astronomyenes .. beyre errowre es reprof- 
fede of haly doctours. 1340 — Pr. Consc. 4277 Pus sal 
pai bring pe folk in errour Thurgh pair prechyng. c 1400 
Maunpev. xxxiv. (Roxb.) 155 To mayntene pam in paire 
mawmetry and aire errour. 1450 Myrc 63 Forsakest [thou] 
alle heresies and arrours. 1475 Caxton Yason 84 The king 
Serath confessid thenne openly that without errour appollo 
was a god. cxg00 Pol. Rel. §& L. Poems 44 And if sche wot 
nat whoo it is, bute stondein erore. 1548-9 (Mar.) B&. Com, 
Prayer 127 We are brought out of darkness and error. 1596 


ERROR. 


Suaxs. Merch, V. m1. ii. 78 In Religion, What damned error, 
but some sober brow Will blesse it? 1646 Sir 1. Browne 
Pseud, Ep. \. iii. 8 For Error, to speake strictly, is a firme 
assent unto falsity. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 1. 33 The 
general notion, that springs are colder in summer and 
warmer in winter, is buta vulgar error. 1776 Gispon Decé. 
& Fail \. xv. 340 The paths of error are various and infinite. 
1830 V. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 194 This circumstance has 
led those into error. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. u. iv. 249 Let 
us here avoid an error which may readily arise out [of] the 
foregoing reflections. 1875 Jowett P/ato(ed. 2) V. 136 Actions 
done in error are often thought to be involuntary injustice. 
b. personified. 

I Spenser /. Q.1. i. 167 God help the man so wrapt 
in Errours endless train. 1601 Suaxs. Jud. C. v. iii. 64 O 
Error soone conceyu’d, Thou .. kil’st the Mother that en- 

endred thee. 1646 J. Hatt Hore Vac. 6 Though error bee 
Blinde, shee sometimes bringeth forth seeing Daughters. 
1738 Wes.ey Psalms |xxx. xv, And Error in ten thousand 
Shapes Would every gracious Soul beguile. 

+. A delusion, trick. Obs. rare. 

c 1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 2353 So longe thai vsed this errour 
That were richcher than th’ emperour. 

4. Something incorrectly done through ignorance 
or inadvertence; a mistake, ¢.g. in calculation, 
judgement, speech, writing, action, etc. Phrase, 
To commit an error. Clerical error (see CLERICAL). 

a 1340 Hamrote Psalter Comm. 45 Errour in hit is ther 
non. ¢1425 Wyntoun Cvov. vy. xil, 286 Huchowne bath 
and pe autore Gyltles ar of gret errore. 1483 CaxToNn 
Cato 3, 1..byseche all suche that fynde faute or errour that 
of theyr charyte they correcte and amende hit. 1538 Star- 
KEY England 116, I wy] confesse thys to be a grete errore 
in our commyn wele. 1590 SHaxs. A/ids. N. v. i. 250 This 
is the greatest error of all the rest; the man should be put 
into the Lanthorne. 1651 Hoppers Leviath, 1. iv. 15 For 
the errours of Definitions multiply themselves. 1710 H. 

3EDFoRD Vind. Ch. Eng. 182 With all the Errors of the 
Press corrected in it with a Pen. 1781 Cowrer Friendship 
iv, Boys care but little whom they trust, An errour soon 
corrected, 1816 Prayrair Nat. Philos. 323 ‘The first solu- 
tion of the problem of the Precession..given by Newton.. 
is not free from error. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. U1. 125 
He could hardly fail to perceive that he had committed a 
great error. : : 

+b. A mistake in the making of a thing; a 
miscarriage, mishap; a flaw, malformation. 
Nature’s error = lusus nature. Obs. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.v. i. (1495) 101 This wonder- 
full errour [abortion] happyth moost in shepe and geete. 
1413 Lyve. Pilgr. Sowdle wv. xxx.(1483)78 Hit behoueth. .that 
it [a statue] be fourged right withoute ony errour. 1697 
Drypen (J.), He look’d like Nature's errour, as the mind 
And body were not of a piece design’d. 1791 B 


IOSWELL. 
Fohnson (1816) 1. 87 Sure, thou art an errour of nature. — 

e. Law, A mistake in matter of law appearing 
on the proceedings of a court of record, Writ of 
error: a writ brought to procure the reversal of a 
judgement, on the ground oferror. By the Judica- 
ture Act of 1875 writs of error are limited to 
criminal cases; in civil cases appeal is substituted. 
Plaintiff, defendant in error: the parties for or 
against whom the writ of error is used. Court of 
error (U.S.), a court of appeal in cases of error. 
+ Clerk of the errors (see quot. 1706). 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 59 § 2 The seid utlagaries. . were 
reversed by meane of errour aftir the due order of your 
lawes. 1641 Termes de la Ley 142 Errour is a fault in a 
judgement, or in the processe, or proceeding to judgment, or 
in the execution upon the same in a Court of Record. 1663 
Burer Hud. 1. 11. 163 Lawyers .. Do stave and tail with 
Writs of Error. 1699 Lurtrett Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 505 
The place of clerk of the errors, worth £400 per annum. 
1706 Puitups, Clerk of the Errours, an Officer of the 
Common-Pleas, whose Business it is to Copy out and 
Certifie the Tenour of the Records of a Cause or Action, 
upon which the Writ of Errour is brought into any of those 
Courts. 1775 Suertpan Rivals Prol. i. 31 No writ of error 
lies—to Drury Lane! 1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius 
II. 1121 If the defendant avow for so much rent arrear, part 
whereof is not due at the time of the distress, and enters 
judgment for the whole, it will be error, 1821 MArsHALL 
Const. Opin. (1839) 239 The counsel for the defendant in 
error. 1827 Hattam Const. Hist. (1876) II. xii. 418 During 
the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries writs of error from 
inferior courts to the house of lords became far less usual. 

d. Math. The quantity by which a result ob- 
tained by observation or by approximate calcula- 
tion differs from an accurate determination. Lyvror 
of a planet: the difference between its observed 
place and that indicated by calculation. Lrror of 
a clock: the difference between the time which it 
indicates and that which it ought to indicate. 

1726 tr. Gregory’s Astron. 1. 123 All the Errors of the 
Body Z, arise from the Forces represented by the Right 
lines 41, MN. 1833 Herscuet Astron. iii, 136 By apply- 
ing its [clock’s] error and rate .. he can correct its indica- 
tions. 1838 De Morcan Probab. 135 The number of positive 
and negative errors will in the long run be equal. 1878 Tarr 
& Stewart Uns. Univ. iii. 123 The same law as that of the 
Probability of error. ‘ 

5. A departure from moral rectitude; a trans- 
gression, wrong-doing. ; : 

In mod. use conveying the notion either of something not 
wholly voluntary, and so excusable, or of something im- 
prudent as well as blameable. Cf. 4. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 78 William the Conquerour 
changis his wikked wille, Out of his first errour. 1393 
Gower Conf. I. 21 Where lawe lacketh errour groweth. 
1477 Eart. Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 11 That they shuld 
escheue al errours & applye them to all good dedis. 1535 
CoverDALE Wisd, i. 12 O seke not youre owne death in y® 


ERROR. 


erroure of youre life. 61x Biste Hed. ix. 7 Blood, which 
he offered for himselfe, and for the errors of the people. 
1783 peony 4 oe ip thee tee ae 
of a very wi le. F URKE Corr, (1844) III. t 
an error, not of the nd but of the heart. s0e0' Ma. 
Hervey Mourtray Fam. li. 261 Capital vices? Say, rather, 
fashionable errors. 1851 KinGsLEY Pett. (1878) I. 252 Every 
error must in God's universe, bring down on itself..some 
te misery. 
- Comb., as error-blasted, -darkened, pro 
-stricken, -tainted, -teaching, adjs. ; error-holder. 
1647 Warp Simple Cobler 16 A... minde .. *Error-blasted 


278 


ie rok day erg ae rosy sgt — as 
or more 
prt si the Ersh, that is plainly the Eirish or Irish. Taq 
I 
ay x0 


I. TayLor Words § Places ) 129 The Erse of Ireland, 
the Gaelic of the Scot a aad fee Manx of the 


100-20 Dunsar Dance Sev. Deadly Sins 113 F far north- 
oes eee ee had done schout, Ers- 


from Heaven and Hell. 1657 S. W. Schism Dispach’t 558 
The obscurity of ambiguities is most cal and least 
offensive to his *errour-darkned eyes. 1577 icary's Anat.To 
Rdr.9 They are. .condemned for ignoraunt men, and *errour- 
holders. 1646 Suirtey Zo Stanley, Let me deal plainly 
with your youth, Not *error-proof yet. 1871 E. Burr Ad 
Fidem iv."63 Bring truth home, to *error-stricken souls. 
1657 S. W. Schism Dispach’t 239 The poison of heresy 
pte f *error-tainted opinions. 1853 G. S. Faser Recafit. 
Apostasy 72 Giving heed to *error-teaching spirits and to 
doctrines concerning demons. 

Error (ere1), v. Law. [f. prec. sb.] érans. 
To determine or decide to be erroneous (a decision 
of a court). . 

1828 in WessTER ; and in mod. Dicts. , 

Errorful (e'razful). [f Error sé. +-FuL.]  Er- 
roneous, faulty. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § JM. 990 Brought in by errorfull cus- 
tome. 

+ Errorious, z. Ods. In 5 herrorious. [f. 
Error +-(1)0us.] ? Holding erroneous tenets. 

1543 Harpinc Chron. ccxi. fol. ccviii, Then fled the 
lorde Cobham herrorious [v. 7. erronyouse] To Wales, so 
with lollers many one. | Z 

Errorist (e‘rerist). [f. Error + -1st.] One 
who is inclined to error; one who encourages and 
propagates error. 

1647 Warp Simple Cobler 17 Prudent men .. should doe 
well not to ingage themselves in conference with Errorists. 
1849 Blackw. Mag. LXV. 537 Our feelings are with such 
errorists. 1874 J. H. Brunt Dict. Sects 4 Adalbert an 
errorist of the eighth century..was opposed to St. Boniface 
Winfred. i 

Errorless (e‘railés). [f. Error + -Less.] With- 
out error; free from fault or mistake. 

1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 111. 1v. viii. § 18 It.. brings out 
the positive creature, errorless, unquestionable. 1868 Gro. 
Euiot Sf. Gipsy 234 Shipwrecked man. .Sees that full light 
is errorless despair. 1878 P. Bayne Purit. Rev. viii. 338 
His Satan incarnates with errorless accuracy the Puritan 
conception of superlative sin. av 

Hence E’rrorlessness, the state or condition of 
being free from error. 

1875 HotyoakE Co-op. Eng. 1. 244 Sincerity does not con- 
note or imply errorlessness. ; 

+ Evrrorous, ¢. Os. In 7 errourous. [f. Er- 
ROR + -OUS.] = ERRONEOUS. 

1633 Ames Agst. Cerem. 1. 62 By reason of an errourous 
conceit, 

+ Ers. ? Obs. [a. Fr. evs = Pr. ers, app. cogn. 
with Cat. er, Sp. yero, yervo, It. ervo:—L. ervum.] 
The Bitter Vetch (Zrvum Ervtlia L.). 

1578 Lyte Dodoens wv. xxiv. 482. 1879 Prior Plant-n. s.v. 

rs(e, obs. ff. Arse, q.v. Comd. ersgerdyll 
= *arse-girdle); erswort (= *arse-wort), some 
plant (see quot.). 

1438 £. E. Wills (1882) 110 To Edmond of Cornewayle an 
ersgerdyll of siluer. a 1400 Sloane MS. 10b/1 Pilosella .. 
[French] Arlocelle. .lambestounge uel erswort. 

Erse (51s), a. Forms: 4 Erische, Erysche, 
4-7 Ersch(e, 7 Erish, 8 Earse, 8- Erse. [An 
early Sc. variant of IrtsH; either repr. OE. /risc, 
or ON. /rskr, or possibly descending from a 
pesliet form retaining the vowel of Olr. Zvi 

reland.] 

+1. In early Sc. use: = Iris. 

¢ 1375 Barsour Bruce xiv. 123 The erische [v.». ersch] 
os Ibid. Xvi. 309, XVIII. 115. : 

. Applied by Se. Lowlanders to the Gaelic 
dialect of the Highlands (which is in fact of Irish 
origin), to the people speaking that dialect, to 
their customs, etc. Hence in 18th c. Z7se was 
used in ba Eng. as the ordinary designation 
of the Gaelic of Scotland, and occasionally extended 
to the Irish Gaelic; at present some writers apply 
it to the Irish alone. ow nearly Obs, 

¢ 1375 [Implied in Barbour’s use of Ersury: see below]. 
c1470 Henry Wallace 1. 217 Thow Scot, abyde .. Ane 
Ersche mantill it war thi kynd to wer. [But perh. this be- 
longs to 1.) 1§00-20 Dunpar Dance Sev. Deadly Sins 116 
Thae tarmegantis, with tag and tatter, Fful lowd in Ersche 
begowth to clatter. 1769 De Foe’s Tour Gt. Brit. 1V. 236 
Though the Inhabitants of Inverness speak English, yet 
there are scarce any who do not understand the Erse or 
Irish. 1773 BosweLt Yohnson 1¢ Oct., Miss M‘Lean pro- 
duced some Erse ms b John M‘Lean, who was a 
famous bard in Mull. ounson in Boswell Apr., The 
Erse dialect of the Celti language has, from the earliest 
times, been spoken in Britain, 1782 Suaw Awthentic. 
Ossian 14 The Earse dialect of the Gaelic was never written 
nor printed until Mr. Macfarlane. .published, in 1754, a trans- 
lation of Baxter's Call to the Unconverted. 1785 Burns 
Addr, to Deit xix. 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. II. 209 The 
language, which is called the Manks, is radically Erse, 
or Irish. 1823 Byron Yuan vin. xxiii, He was what Erin 
calls, in her sublime Old Erse or Irish. 1838 Penny Cyed. 


XI. 32. s.v. Gaelic. The language spoken by the Scottish | 


so » In Hell grit rowme thay 
tuke. 1375 Bansour Bruce xvut. 443 All the eri: ad 
Argyle the Ilis alsua, Se. hes fas. I, § 6x (1814) 


II. 1x Ande for twa causis ande principaly sene pe kingis 
notourus rebellouris ar reset in Erschry [ed. 1597 Irishrie] 
of Yrelande. 

Ersh: see Earsu dia/., eddish. 

Erst (dist), a. and adv. Forms: 1-3 érest, 
érost, rst, 2-4 erest, 3-4 arst, (4 ?eroust, 5 
erast, eerst), 3-7 earst, (3 earest), 4-6 erste, 
(6 ierst, 6,7 yerst), 4- erst. [OE. #rest, super. 
of er (see Ere) ; repr. OTeut. *azristo-, whence 
OHG. érist (MHG. érist, mod.G, erst), OS. érist 
(Du. eerst).] 

. adj. 

+1. First in time or serial order. Ods. 

@ 1000 Guthlac 408 (Gr.) Wes seo wreste earmra — 
costung ofercumen. ¢117§ Lamb. Hom. 75 Ec of heom 
wrat per of his uers and sancte peter wrat pet ereste. 
c1205 Lay. 2646 Pes wes be zxreste [c 1275 ereste] er J pe ferde 
vtto reuing. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 885 Pes alre schafte schup- 
pent, Schawde ure eareste aldren..Pe wit & te wei of lif. 
a 1225 Ancr. R. 10 Powel pe erest ancre. 

+ 2. absol. in advb. phrases. Now (then) at 
erst: now (then) and not sooner; cf. Ger. erst 
dann. (App. through misunderstanding of this, 
Spenser has at evst = ‘as soon as possible, at 
once’.) On erst (only early ME. ; also on alre 
erst): in the first place, at first. 

a 1225 Ancr. R. 264 Peonne on erest biginned pe deoflen 
to weden. a@ 1225 St. Marher. 14 Penne pudde ich in ham 
luueliche bohtes, on earst hare unponckes. c 1230 //ali 
Meid. 17 Pat is on alre earst pe stude & te time. c 1300 
‘Hawslak 2688 Tho tarst [=at arst] bigan Godrich to go 
Vpon the Danshe. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. m1. xi. 95 But 
pan atte arst ben pei verray good. c1386 — Sec. Nun's 7. 
151 And thanne at erst thus to him sayde sche. 1430 Lyne. 
Chron. Troy 1. vi, And than at erst fro hense will 
1475 Bk. Noblesse 6 Now at erst the irness be brennyng 
hote. 1579 Srenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 6 And now at earst 
the dirke night doth hast. 1596 — F. Q. (J.), Abandon this 
forestalled place at erst. 

B. adv. 

+1. Earliest, soonest, first in order of time. 

Beowulf 616 Pa freolic wif ful zesealde wrest east dena 
ebelwearde. c rooo AiLFRic Gen. xix. 53 And eode seo 

dre swystor wrost to his bedde. _¢ 1230 Hadi Meid. 15 
purh ure lafdi meidenhad pat hit bigon earst be meiden 
Marie. 1362 Lanct. P. Pl. A tv. 29 Bote Concience com 
arstto Court bi A Myle. 1377 /did. B. xiv. 216 Arst in be 
Maister ban in be man. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7233 But Ector 
the honerable erst was on fote. é : 

2. In the first place, before something else is 
or was done; in preference to doing something 
else. (Sometimes pleonastically before eve.) Ods. 

c 1260 Ballad in Rel. Ant. I, 101 Arst we sullen scinin 
him ay rowe. c¢ 1300 K. Adis. 6480 Ac arst mony of his 
knyghtis gode Loren theo balles in heore hode. 1362 
Lane. P. Pl. A. 1v. 5 Bote Reson Rede me per-to Arst wol 
I dye! 1377 — P. P27. B. v. 468, I shal seke treuthe arst ar 
Ise Rome. ¢1380Sir Ferumb. 1281 Ac arst bow schalt sykery 
me..pat pou, etc. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 258/4 Why hast 
not thou erst taken awey the sowle fro my body. 1 
pone Apol, Tindale (Arb.) 30 He shuld haue erst prou 

is parte trw and myn false. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. 
Prayers (1851) 511 Having erst uttered the bowels of thy 
mercy, thou gavest up the ghost. 1587 M. Grove Pelops 
& Hipp. (1878) 13 Earst t’obtaine that still, Which th 
perceiue doth please the flesh. 1587 Turserv. 7rag. 7. 
(3p 276 And ierst with sodaine feare Lepte of the bed. 

+3. At first, as opposed to afterwards. Ods. 

a 117§ Cott. Hom. 229 Aceas he him leorninchnihtes erest 
twelf. .sii twa an —- ¢ x20§ Lay. 27456 Airst 
{1278 earest] heo lette fleon to feondliche swide flan. .Seod- 

n speren chrakeden, 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 389 Luper he 
was arst ynou, & wel wors he was po. ¢ tappAril. & Merl. 
+) ‘Taurus hit [=hight] Wawain arst. @1541 Wyatt Poet. 

es, Which comforts the mind, that erst for fear shook. 
1605 Sowzasns Hell’s Broke Loose i, Tamberlaine Was 
earst a Sheepheard ere he play’d the King. — : 

+4. Sooner, earlier; before a specified time or 
event ; esp. with negatives ; /Vot erst: not before, 
not till then. Ods. 

¢ 1330 Florice & Bl. ia) Arst ne schal hit neuer bi do, 
1387 Trevisa Higden(Rolls) I11. 337 Panne be money schal 
be payde and nou3t arst. ¢ 1449 Prcock Refr. 405 Bi 
sentence of the iuge.. and not erst, neither other wise. 
1475 Caxton Jason 26 b, The wedowes bewailled gretly be- 
cause he was not erst comen, 1588 Liturg. Serv. Q. Elis. 
(1847) Of thy most singular bounty, and never yerst seen care, 

+b. conjunctional phrases, Zrst than, that = 
BrrorE C, Oés. - be saitie 

ta Arthur 291 Now, erst ban we goo fe 
man ber ys here Sey a Pater noster. 1523 SKELTON Carl, 
Laurel 1032 Far may be sought Erst that ye can finde, etc. 

5. Before the present time: 

a. Referring to a remoter past: ‘Once upon 
a time’, formerly, of old. arch. or poet. 

14.. Songs & Carols (Warton Club) 22 That ilke blys That 

arte [?ead arste) ha3t ben, and alwey is. 1663 Butter //ud. 


wynde. | 


ERUCA, 


ian Knight, So ours. .did smite His 
. Cooke Zales, etc. 185 To Strains 
Tyrtzus sung. CoLeripce 
Anthem Chr. Hosp. Let full gratitude now 
Which erst did sorrow to flow. . Worpsw. /n- 
i ee ‘on, The ivied — of by Grace ae Z 

rsta religious House. @ RAED Poems (1864) II. 
Count o’er the friends cilomeee you knew. = * 

4 Misused as Jref. = BEFORE. 

1839-48 Baitey Festus x. 109 Erst all time And all incar- 


nab. Refer 
t b. Referring to a recent past: Not long ago, 
a little while since. Often in Spenser and Milton. 
1480 Caxton Chron, Eng. ccxxxii. 250 That ferefull com- 
pany, that I spak of eerst. 1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. 
Osor. 153 But a litle earst ye confessed the thyng, which 
ye do now deny. 1 Spenser F. Q. 1. v. armes 
that earst so bright did show. 1606 WARNER An. Eng. xv. 
xcv. 381 The vgliest was this Plot, Preuented earst mira- 
culously. 1663 Butter Hud. 1. iii. (1694) 179 Meanwhile 
the other Champi yerst In hurry of the fight dis- 
perst, Arriv’d. 1671 Mitton Samson 1543 This .. horrid 
S| le, Which erst my beheld, and yet behold. 1791 
owPEeR Retired Cat 100 Forth skipped the cat, not now 
a As erst with airy self-conceit. 
. In comb. with x 9 and ppl. adjs. 
_ 1594 J. Dickenson Ari. Gore) 33 Wherewith Flora had 
in plentie poudred the freshnesse of her earst-green hue. 1602 
Carew Cornwall 100 a, The earst remembered ic. .en- 
tertained at one time. .the admirals of the En; 
and Netherland fleets. 1740 SomeRvILLE 
135 All but the stout And erst unconquer’d Hild 
Hence E:rstly adv., in the first place. 
1600 Chester Pi. Proem (Shaks, Soc.) 3 Their fore be boulde 


Erstelye to playe the same. 

Erstwhile (Sustshwoil), adv. arch. [f. Exst + 
Wuuite adv. (The stress is variable.)] Some 
while ago, formerly. Also + E-rstwhiles [see 
Wauesl, in same sense. 

1569 SreNsER Sonn. ix. in Van der Noodt’s Theatre for 
Worldlings, Which erstwhile [ater edd. earst] so pleasaunt 
scent did yelde. oat R. Scor Discov. Witcher. ut. xix. 56 
They resist the truth erstwhile by them professed. 
Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 184 ‘Those very same mi 
wherein they were erst-whiles enshrined with all devotion. 
1624 GATaKER 7vansubst. 209 Which our adversarie also 
Earstwhiles confessed. 1662 Gianvit, Lux Orient, 180 
Those thick and clammy vapours which erstwhile ascended 
in such vast measures .. must..descend again. 1881 Dvr- 
FIELD Don Quix. II. 407 During that year the clouds erst- 
while had withheld their dew from the earth. 

Ert, obs. form of art: see BE v. 

+Ert, v. Obs. [prob. a. ON. erta to taunt, 
tease; but cf. Art v.!] 

1. trans. a. To incite, urge on, encourage. Const. 
on, to, till, and to with znf. Also with on. b. 


To irritate, provoke. 
¢ 1325 Metr. Hom. Prol. 5 That thai mai her and hald in 
hert, Thinge that thaim til God mai ert. /did 19 Quen 


Crist cumes intil our hertes, To lef sin he us ertes. ¢ 1400 


Destr. Troy 4857 We haue ournyt hym with angur, ertid 

hym mykill, Tard, 12326 To ert hym on exile euer of the 

londe. ¢ Promp. Parv. 142 Ertyn, irrito. ew, 8 

Davipson Seasons 24 (Jam.) The herd. .now then 

on the tir’d tike with ‘Sheep awa, a,a! " 
es ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 2725 Envy, pat Euermore ertis 

to t 


2. intr. To be eager, prone; to hurry. 

c1400 Destr. Troy ots id ertide to us endeeguly Sats 

Hence + Errtand ///. a., pressing on, ambitious. 
+ E-rter, one who provokes. + E'rting v/. sé., 
the action of the vb. Err. P s 

¢ Gaw. & Gol. xxxi. Schir Gav . Egii ertand, 
snl cra poy c 1440 Promp. . irri- 
tator, irritatrix. Ibid. 142 , ivritacio. 

Erth, -en, obs. forms of TH, EARTHEN. 

Erthe, ? var. of Erp v. Odés. to dwell. 

¢ 1300 Havelok 739 Bigan he there for to erthe. 

Ertu, obs, f. art thou: see Be v, and THov. 

Erubescence (erbe'séns). rare. [a. F. éru- 
bescence, ad. late L. dritbéscentia, £. Zritbescent-em : 
see next and -ENcE.] Erubescent quality or state. 

1736 in Baitey. 1775 in Asn. ‘ew Monthly Mag. 
VII. 143 He..sent foath blood of a iant erubescence. 
1886 Academy 31 July 66/3 To describe as the ‘law of eru- 
bescence’ the fact, etc. 

1656 in Biount Glossogr. 1736 in Baitey. In mod. Dicts. 

Erubescent (erzbe'sent), a. [ad. L. éibe- 
scent-em, pr. pple. of ériibéscére to blush, f. 2 out 
+ riibéscéve to redden. Cf. F. érudbescent.] Red- 
dening, blushing. 


1736 in Baitey. 1775 in Asn. Tuackeray Pen- 


dennis lili, The M erubescent ied the impu- 
dence of the 
{1 quasi-sb. = RuBEFACIENT. 


H. H. Witson Ess. on Sansh. Lit. (1864) 1, 383 Besides 
Pane we have thread, leaves, band. pledgets, heated 
metallic plates for eru! 


bescents, etc, Bae 
Erubescite (erube'sait). Ain. [f. L. eribése- 
ére (see prec.) +-ITE.] A copper sulphide, purple 


nS 


copper. 
har Donk Min, 511 Massive varieties of erubescite are 
— in the U.S. 1882 Watts Dict. Chem, LI. 50x Eru- 
‘scite, Purple copper. 5 
|| Eruca (frka). rare. See Enuxe. [L. ériica 
caterpillar.] The larva of a butterfly or such like 
insect ; a caterpillar. Hence Bruca-like a. 
[1609 Biste (Douay) Yoe/ i. 4 Comm, Evuca, a worme that 
destroyeth herbes and fruictes.] .269x Ray Creation (1701) 


ERUCIC, 


136 May be observed in the production of silk worms, yea 
all other eruca’s, and many insects more! a@ 1839 GALT 
Demon Dest. 1. (1840) 22 Eruca-like they rise, As bright 
aurelias in the summer’s shine. : 

Erucie (irzsik), a. Chem. [f. L. eriica a kind 
of cabbage +-Ic.] Of or pertaining to eruca. 
Erucic acid, ‘an acid (Cy, Hy, O,) obtained by the 
saponification of the fixed oil of white mustard 
(Sinapis alba)’ (Watts Dzct. Chem.). 

1869 en Elem. Chem. 390 Erucic acid is contained in 
rapeseed oil. 

ciform (‘risifpim), a. Lint. [f. L. ériica 

caterpillar: see -FoRM.] Resembling a caterpillar. 

re a Lussock Orig. § Met. Ins. v.88 [Two types of Larve] 
Packard has named Leptiform and Eruciform. 

Eruct (¢rm kt). [ad. L. 2ruct-are, f. @ out + ruct- 
dre to belch, emit. Cf. It. evuttare, Sp. evutar.] 

1. intr. a. To void wind noisily from the stomach 
Gioegh the mouth. +b. To rise in eructation. 

1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angl. iv. 46 By force of these 
torrid streams eructing into several parts..those flushings 
..are produced. 1755 SMOLLETT Quix. (1803) 1V. 40 Beware 
..of chewing on both sides of your mouth, as well as eruct- 
ing before company. : 

. trans. &@. To emit (fumes) by eructation ;= 
Beton 3. b. Of a volcano; = BELOH 5. 

1774, 1869 [see Eructep Af/. a.] 

Eructate (‘rvkteit), v. Now rare. [f. L. 
éructat- ppl. stem of éructare (see prec.).] 1. trans. 
To belch, vomit forth. Chiefly “ransf. and jig. 

1638 Rousr Heav. Univ. iv. (1702) 34 This affection doth 
eructate..hiddentruths. c 1645 Howe. Lett. (1650) I. 44 
That tna in times past hath eructated such huge gobbets of 
fire. 1655 Mitton 2nd Defence 264 You have begun to 
eructate the rage of your apostacy. 1782 V. Knox Ess. I. 42 
Though he should. . daily eructate his invectives against the 
most respectable men. 1828 in WessTER ; and in mod. Dicts. 

. 2ntr, = ERUCT I. 

1774 Joex Cotuier [J. L. Bicknell] Afus. Trav. (1775) 93 
After this, he successively coughed, sneezed, hiccupped, 
eructated, squeaked, etc. 

Eructation (7rvkté-fon). Also 6 eructua- 
eyon. [ad. L. éructation-em, n. of action f. éraucta- 
ve: see Eruct.] 

1. The action of voiding wind from the stomach 
through the mouth ; belching. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 41 b, The savour of his 
meate by eructation ascendeth. 1542 Boorpe Dyefary viii. 
(1870) 247 Lest that the meate which is in your stomacke, 
thorow eructuacyons..ascend. 1612 Woopa.i Surg. Mate 
Wks. (1653) 71 Ginger. .preventeth sowre eructation. 1699 
Evetyn Acetaria 17 Cabbage..is greatly accus’d for lying 
undigested in the Stomack and provoking Eructations, 
1847 Youatt Horse xiv. 300 The animal has no power to 
expel this dangerous flatus by eructation. 1869 E. A, Parkes 
Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 67 Dyspepsia .. attended with .. 
enormous eructations after meals, 

tb. fig. Obs. 

1647 H. More Poems 235 Oft the soul lets flie Such un- 
expected eructations. 1683 A7gt. for Union 22 They have 
Mental Prayer, and. Spiritual Eructations. z 

2. The eruptive action of a volcano; violent 
emission (of flames, etc.). Also fh ; 

1652 J. Hatt Height Elog. 65 The tna, whose eructa- 
tions throw whole stones from its depths, 1678 Marve. 
Def. ¥ohn Howe Wks. (1875) IV. 234 But a perpetual eruc- 
tation there is of humane passions. 1692 Ray Phys. Theol. 
Disc. (1713) 19 The mountain A&tna, at the last Eructation 
. .disgorged..a Flood of melted Materials. 1783 Phil. Trans. 
LXXIITI. 161 The eructation of elastic vapour from below. 
1862 G. P. Scrorr Volcanoes 24 The column of ashes pro- 
jected becomes gradually shorter, the eructations less 

requent, F 

3. concr. That which is belched forth. Also fig. 

1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1, iii. 161 What is it else, 
but an eructation ofthe minde? 1664 Power Ef. Philos. 
ut. 155 The grosser Steams. .are the fuliginous Eructations 
of that internal Fire which constantly burns within us. 1701 
tr. Le Clerc’s Prim. Fathers 104 One (Philogonius Bishop 
of Antioch) said, ‘That the Son was an Eructation’. 

+ Eructator. Obs. rare—. [f. Envcorate+ 
-oR.] One who ‘eructates’. 

I A. Campsett Lexiph. (1774) 34 The former was 
assisted by the auxiliar virtues and subsidiary aids of 
patriots, anterior eructators. 

Eructed (raktéd), 4A7. a. [f. Enver v. + -ED1.] 
Thrown up by eructation. 

2174 Srrance Basaltine Columns in Phil. Trans, LXV. 
20 Vesuvius, Aitna..and such like eructed piles. 1869 E. A. 
Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 67 The eructed gas had a 
strong smell of sulphuretted hydrogen. 

Eruction (fm kfon). vare. [n. of action f. 
Ervor: see -TI0N.] The action of eructing. 
“it. and fig. 

1623 Cockeram, Evuction, Belking. 1837 Fraser's Mag. 
XV. 586 They are utterly insensible to any eruction of 
pampering 1842 Tait’s Mag. 1X. 723 Bonfires of immense 
eruction Fling abroad their gorgeous rays. 

Erudit (eradit). rare. [a. Fr. érudit, =next.] 
= ERupireE sd. 

1800 Monthly Mag. VIII. 600 The Jesuits certainly have 
deserved. .much ad: ion for the classical learning which 
their erudits displayed. 1872 Daily News 2 May 2/7 [Lord 
Alwyne Compton denied] that the intelligence of the country 
was against the creed, and its supporters only Oxford and 
Cambridge erudits. 

Erudite (erdait), a.and sb. [ad. L. érudit-us, 
f. rudire to instruct, train, f. @ out + radis rude, 
untrained.] ‘ 


279 


A. adj. 

1. Of persons and their faculties: +a. Trained, 
well-instructed (ods. or arch.); b. Learned, scho- 
larly. (Now somewhat rare exc. in sarcastic use.) 

1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 231 A man callede Nanus, 
erudite in the arteof nigromancy. 1539 J. Fosrer in Ellis 
Orig, Lett. 1. 141 I, 112 The Kyngys erudyte jugementt, 
with all hys cowncell temperall and spyrytuall hathe sta- 
bleschyd a contrary order. 1598 Marston Pygmadl. Sat. 1v. 
153 Would ever any erudite Pedant Seeme in his artles lines 
so insolent? @ 177, Lp. Cuesterriecp (T.), Your Latin 
lecture is as goo eatin as the erudite Germans speak or 
write. 179r D’Israeti Cum. Lit, (1858) I. 3 Having chosen 
the erudite Varro for its librarian. 1823 Lams Zia Ser. 1. ii. 
(1865) 15 Those varize lectiones, so tempting to the more 
erudite palates. 1849 Lytton Cartons I. 24 Before I was 
six years old, I was erudite in that primitive literature. 
3875 Hamerton /ntell, Life x1. ii. 408 The remarkably 
skilful man is not likely to be the erudite man. 

2. Of literary productions, etc,; Characterized 
by erudition. 

1533 More Aol. v. Wks. 854/1 Shewed in his most erudite 
famous booke agaynst Luther. @ 1667 Jer. Taytor (W.), 
Erudite and matey theology. 1715 M. Davies A then. 
Brit.1.6 The fore-mentioned Treasuries of Erudite Pamph- 
let-tracts. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 11. 95 A most erudite 
sermon on the rites and ceremonies of Christmas, 1861 
Gro. Exot Silas M. 16 Some erudite research, some inge- 
nious project. 

B. sd. [So Fr. érudit.] An erudite person, a 
scholar. rare. 

1865 Grote Plato I. iv. 141 These laborious and useful 
erudites, 1888 Pal/ Mall G,. 6 Sept. 3/1 There are to be 
found, in and out of America, women citizens of that great 
country. . female would-be erudites. 

Hence E’ruditely adv., in an erudite manner, 
learnedly, skilfully. E:ruditeness, the quality or 
condition of being erudite. Erudi-tical a. rare, 
characterized by, or laying claim to, erudition. 

1529 More Supplic. Soulys Wks. 331/1 Theyr holy workes 
eruditely written. 1736 in Battey. 1811 Byron //ints /r. 
Horace 433 Who eruditely know To separate the elegant 
and low. 1862 Lyrron S¢~. Stovy II. 68 The truth which 
you so eruditely insinuate to be a fable. 1818 CoLerincE 
Lit. Rem. (1836) 1. 160 Some meritorious modern poets. .at- 
tempt aneruditeness. 1832 /xaser’s Mag. V1.107 Edinburgh, 
the most eruditical city in Christendom. 1838 Gatr in 
Tait's Mag.V. 43 There is no saying how eruditical I became. 

Erudition (erzdi:fon). Forms: 5-6 erudi- 
cioun(e, 6 erudician, -ion, -yon, erudycyon, 
-ditioun, -dytion, 5-erudition. [ad.L. érudition- 
em, n. of action f. érudire: see prec. Cf. F. 
érudition.] 

+1. The action or process of training or instruct- 
ing ; instruction, education. Ods. 

c 1400 Beryn 1428, I seyd a word or to.. Ffor thyne erudi- 
cioune. 1483 Caxton Cafo 2 For the erudition of my lord 
Bousher. 1533 BELLENDEN Livy mt. (1822) 268 Commoun 
skulis war devisit for erudicioun of young persouns. a 1626 
Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law xviii. 67 Hee had contracted 
for his owne aliments and erudition. 1749 Fretpinec 7 ov 
Fones 1. vi, This gift Jenny had. .improved by erudition. 

+2. concr. Imparted instruction, teaching; also 
a doctrine, maxim. Ods. 

1528 Roy Sat., Doinge after the apostles erudicion..I.. 
will not be negligent to put my brethren in remembraunce. 
1567 Trial Treas. in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 300 Let all men 
consider this good erudition. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 
77_b, It isa common erudicion end (eran that a man, etc. 

3. +a. The state or condition of being trained 


or instructed; const. 27, of (obs.). b. In later 


‘use: Acquired knowledge, ess. in languages, lite- 


rature, antiquities, etc. ; learning, scholarship. 

1530 Parser. /ntrod. 6 Your noble graces other manyfolde 
sortes of excellent erudytion and lytterature. @ 1533 FritH 
Another Bk. agst. Rastell (1829) 210 More and Rochester 
were men of .. singular erudition in all kind of learning. 
1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) I. p. xviii, Howbeit 
they had na sicker cognosance and ful erudition of al thingis. 
@ 1639 Wotton (J.), The Earl was of good erudition, having 
been placed at study in Cambridge very young. 1718 Fee- 
thinker No, 18. 110 Madam Dacier has the Advantage in 
Point of Erudition. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 65 She 
had a romantic taste for classical erudition. 1860 MAcauLay 
Biog. (1867) 13 Exhibiting a little erudition in such a manner 
as to make it look like a great deal. 1862 GouLBuRN Pers. 
Relig. i. (1873) 3 Some Monks and Priests. represented all 
the erudition of their times. 

+4. Of a coin: Perfect workmanship, finish. 
Obs. rare. 

sh Appison Dial: Medals Wks. 1721 1. 437 The intrinsic 
value of an old coin does not consist in its metal but its eru- 
dition. It is the Device that has raised the species. 1747 
Dinc.ey Gems in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 506 The Merit both 
of Intaglio’s and Cameo’s depends on their Erudition, on 
the Goodness of the Workmanship, and on the Beauty of 
their Polish. 

Hence Erudi‘tional a., of or pertaining to eru- 
dition, + educational, disciplinary. Erudi-tionist, 
one who devotes himself to erudition or training. 

1657 M. Lawrence Use & Pract. Faith 245 A conditional 
soesck is but an eruditional speech, to warn us of our weak- 
ness. 1805 W. Taytor in Robberds Mem. II, 107 The 
poem struck me as...having lyrical and eruditional merit. 
1836 Cuatmers Mor. § Mental Philos. Wks. V. 57 They 
never fully grappled with the question as eruditionists. 

+ Evrugate, f//. a. Obs.—° [ad. L. eiigit-us, 
pa. pple. of 2vigd-re to remove wrinkles, f. 2 out 
+ ruga wrinkle.] Having the wrinkles rubbed 
out, smooth. 


1840 in SMart. 1859 in WorcesTER; and in mod. Dicts. 


ERUPT. 


+ Evrugate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. ériigat- ppl. 
stem of ériigdre (see prec.).] trans. To remove 
wrinkles from ; to smooth. 

1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1657 Tomson Renou’s Disp. 
397" Chian Earth .. erugates the face, makes it splendid 
and deleates scars. 

+ Eruga‘tion. O/s.—° [f. as prec.: 
-ATION.] A taking away of wrinkles. 

1736 in Baitey. 

+Erwginary, ¢. Ods._ [f. L. eriigin-em rust 
of copper, verdigris +-ARY.] = next. 

1681 PAil. Trans. X11. 77 Another kind of Eruginary 
Stone, which yields a vitriolate and stiptick efflorescence. 

+ Eru‘ginous, 2. Obs. [ad. L. wriigindsus, f. 
wrigin-em: see prec.] Partaking of the nature or 
substance of verdigris, or of copper itself; re- 
sembling verdigris. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. v1. xii. 336 Artificiall cop- 
perose. .is a rough and acrimonious kinde of salt drawn out 
of ferreous and eruginous earths. 1666 G. Harvey Jord, 
Angi. (J.), Agues depend. .upon an adust stibial or eruginous 
sulphur. 

Erugo: see ARuGO. 

Eruh, var. of ArcH a. Obs. 

a 1228 Ancr. R. 296 Ne 3if him neuer injong: auh tep 
him oe schulle, uor he is eruh ase beore heron. 

+ Eru‘ke. Ods. [Anglicized form of Eruca.] 
A caterpillar. 

1382 Wycuir YoeZi. 4 A locust ete the residue of eruke, that 
is, a worme of bowis. 1609 Bisie (Douay) 7ézd., ‘The resi- 
due of the eruke hath the locust eaten. [171x J. GREEN- 
woop Eng. Gram. 190 Eruke from Eruca, this some turn to 
Ear-Wig, as if it took its Name from the Ear.) 

+Eru'mnate, v. Ods.-° [f. L. wrumn-a + 
-ATE4.] ¢rans. To impoverish, make miserable. 

1692-1732 inCoLEs. 1775 in Asn. 

+Eruwmny. Ols. [ad. L. arumna of same 
meaning; after the supposed analogy of calumny’, 
etc.] Calamity, hardship. 

1657 Tomiinson Reno's Disp. 148 That God might free 
man from those erumnies and egritudes wherewith he is.. 
pestered. 1657 Phys. Dict., Erummnies, griefs, miseries. 

+Erump, v. [ad. L. eramp-tre: see next.) 
intr. To break out as an eruption. 

1657 Tomuinson Renon's Disp. 658 Oyl of Myrtles.. 
emends biles, or lumps erumping. 

Erumpent (‘rympént), a. [ad. L. érumpent- 
em, pr. pple. of drumpére, f. & out + rumpére to 
burst forth.] That bursts forth. 

1650 BuLwer Anthropomet. 131 The Masculine. faculty. . 
either erumpent, and progredient, or consumed, 1857 
BERKELEY Cryftog. Bot. 313 This genus..seems to me 
essentially innato-erumpent, 1871 Cooke “ung? (1875) 197 
The erumpent ostiola of the perithecia of Melanconis stil- 
bostoma. 

+ Erwncate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. eruncat- 
ppl. stem of gruncare, f. & out + runcare to weed.] 
trans. To weed out, extirpate. 

1651 Biacs New Disp. 197 Those tares, enormities .. are 
with ease eruncated. f 

Hence Erunca‘tion, a taking away of weeds. 

1678-1706 in PHiLiips. 

Erupt (‘mpt), v. [f L. aup- ppl. stem of 
érumpére to break out, burst forth: see ERUMPENT. 
The transitive senses have been developed under 
the influence of the sb. ERupTIoN.] 

1. zxtr. To burst forth in the process of growth. 
Now only of the teeth: To break through the 
skin of the gums. 

1657 TomLinson Renon’s Disp. 223 Its roots. .from which 
some sprigs erupt. 1878 L. P. Merepitn 7eeth 44 Some- 
times the process of absorption in the roots of the temporary 
teeth fails to be brought about, and the permanent teeth 
erupt in front of or behind them. 

b. trans. To force (teeth) through the gums. 

1859 J. Tomes Dental Surg. 53 The incisors and first 
temporary molars have been erupted. 1883 W. Wuite- 
HOUSE in Standard 25 Jan.6/3 The four teeth stated to have 
been extracted never were erupted. 

2. intr. Of a volcano, geyser, etc.: To break 
out in eruption, be ina state oferuption. (Perhaps 
often felt as an absol. use of 2 b.). Also of vol- 
canic masses or showers: To burst forth. 

1770 Hamitton Soil Naples in Phil. Trans. LXI. 12 
Strabo, Dio, Vitruvius, all agree, that Vesuvius, in their 
time, shewed signs of having formerly erupted. 1786 did. 
LXXVI. 379 Suppose Mount Etna to have ceased erupting 
for many ages. 186x E. T. Hottanp in Peaks, Passes § 
Glac. Ser. 1. I. 10 A treatment under which this fountain 
can generally be made to erupt. 1866 AnsTEeD in /n#ed/. 
Observ. No, 52. 270 The showers continued to erupt. 1879 
Le Conte Elem. Geol. 81 Volcanoes which have not been 
known to erupt during historic times are said to be extinct. 

Jig. 1881 W. Simpson in Academy 8 Jan. 22/5 Our modern 
Proteus. .‘ erupts’ in an entirely new direction. 

b. ¢rans. Of a volcano, geyser, or any subter- 
ranean force: To throw out in an eruption. 

1769 Hamitton Etna in Phil. Trans. LX. 171 found, 
with respect to the matter erupted, nothing on Mount Etna 
that Vesuvius does not produce. 1833 LyELL Princ. Geol. 
III. 183 The volcanic rocks of Tuscany. .have been chiefly 
erupted beneath the sea. 

8. intr. Of a river: To burst forth. 

1864 S. F, Surtees Waifs §& Strays N. Humber Hist. 86 
The Don..erupts into what has evidently been a large 
inland lake, 


see 


ERUPTION, 


Hence Eru'pted, Eru'pting ///. a. 
1769 Hamitton Etna in Phil. Trans. LX. 17 A much 
variety in the erupted matter and lavas. 1797 


OLcROFT Sto. 's Trav. (ed. 2) 1V.xciv. 293 The erupting 
floods of fire. Blackw. Mag. XV1. 704 Visions of 
embers. 1 Proctor Other Worlds i. 17 note, 


eru 
Vomited forth by the erupting mountain. 

m. (tro pfan). [ad. L. éruption-em, n. 
of action f. érumpére: see Enumpent. Cf. Fr. 
éruption.] 

1. The bursting forth (of water, fire, air, etc.) 
from natural or artificial limits. Q 

1555 Even Decades W. Ind. 1. vit. (Arb.) 173 Eruptions 
of the springes owte of the montaines. ERSTEGAN 
Dec. Intell. iv. (1628) 100 The great harmes that these parts 
haue heretofore by eruption of the sea si 1669 
Boyte Contn, New Exp. u. (1682) 128 The compressed air 
suddenly finding out a way of eruption. 1725 De For Voy. 
round World (1840) 243, I sat up .. staring out from the 
window at the eruption of fire _— the hills. 1774 Pen- 
nant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 19 Pell ng. Moss, which made an 
eruption similar to Solway. 1819 G. S. Faser Disfensa- 
tions (1823) I. 106 During the whole sixteen centuries which 
intervened between the sentence of Cain and the eruption 
of the deluge. 1830 Lye, Princ. Geol. I. 287 One of the 
most memorable eruptions occurred in 1421, where the tide 
.. burst through a dam. .and overflowed twenty-two villages. 

{| Used for: The bursting (of a gun). rare—'. 

1660 T. WILLSFoRD Scales Commerce 192 All guns. .per- 
petrated with cold and frosty weather are most subject to 
an eruption at the first shot. 

b. concr. That which bursts forth; a sudden 
rush of flame, smoke, water, etc. 

1699 GartH Disfens. 6 From the Vulcano’s erup- 
tions rise. 1717 Berkevey in Fraser Life 581 The streets 
of Naples ..paved with the matter of eruptions. 1728 
Matret Excursion 42 With black Eruption in foul Storm 
A Night of Smoke.. Rolls forth. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. 
in 1772, 67 The eruption burst from the place of its dis- 
charge, like a cataract. ; ni = 

2. An outbreak of volcanic activity ; the ejection 
of solid or liquid matter by a volcano, of hot water 


from a geyser, etc. 

[1603 HoLtanp Plutarch's Mor. 1190 The breakings forth 
and eruptions of fire out of a mountaine.] 1740 Gray Let. 
in Poems (1775)94 A Roman town that..was overwhelmed 
by a furious eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 1794 SuLLIVAN 
View Nat. 1. 133 Iceland chronicles give a list of 63 eru 
tions at Heckla, 1857 Durrerin Lett. High Lat. (1867) 87 
Our principal object in coming..was to see an eruption of 
the Great Geysir. 1876 Pace Adzd. Text-bk. Geol. iii. 50 
Consolidated products of volcanic eruption. — 

3. Of persons: The action of breaking forth, of 
issuing suddenly and violently from within boun- 
daries ; ¢.g. the sallying forth of armed men from 
a stronghold, or ofa horde of barbarians from their 
own country, the forcible escape of a prisoner, 
etc. vare in recent use. 

1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 43 Two hundred and fourteene years 
after their eruption out of Scythia. 1623 Tu, AILEsBuRY 
Sermon (1624) 17 In that eruption of the Prodigall sonne 
from his Father. 1638 Hevwoop Rafe Lucr. Wks. 1874 V. 
205 The enemie is pounded fast In their owne folds.. 
There’s no eruption to be feared. 1652 NrepHAM tr. Se/- 
den’s Mare Cl. 262 Danegeld for the pay of those that 
should be imploied to hinder the eruption Of Pirates. a 1677 

3aRROW Pope's Suprem. (1687) 181 The eruptions of Barba- 
rians, the straits of Emperours. .&c. did all turn to account 
for him. 1775 JoHNson Tax no Tyr. 18 Of this kind were 
the eruptions of those nations. 1822 Q. Kev. XXVII. 377 
Securing to them the benefits of prison-discipline, by pro- 
viding against furtive or forcible eruptions. 

. fig. In many obvious applications of the sense 
‘outbreak’: An outbreak of disease, war, cala- 
mity, or evil of any kind; an outburst of passion, 
eloquence, or merriment; a ‘sally’ of wit. Now 
rare, except with distinct allusion to sense 2. 

I Suaks. ZL. LZ. LZ. Vv. i. 121 The Curate and your sweet 
self are good at such eruptions, and sodaine breaking out of 
myrth. 1602 — Ham. 1. i. a This boades some strange 
erruption to our State. — WEN Mortific. Sin (1668) 47 
A man may be sensible of a lust, set himself against the 
eruptions of it. 1680 Life Edw. //. in Select. Harl. Misc. 
(1793) 33 The archbishop of York. .resolves to bes 78 this 
over-daring and insolent eruption. Pre H. Watcrote 
Vertue's poor Paint. (1786) V. 107 Before the eruption of 
the civil war. @1847 Mrs. SHerwoop Lady of Manor ILI. 
xviii. 32 There is nothing which retards the progress of the 
Gospel so much as the remaining eruptions of sin among the 
rulers of the Church. 1883 G. A. MacDonnett Chess 
Life-Pictures 8 The twirling of that ornament in his hand 
. | eee: an anecdotal or jocose eruption. 

. +a. In plants: The bursting forth from the 
bark of buds, leaves, offshoots, roots, etc.; also 
concr, an excrescence. Ods. b. Ofthe teeth: The 
action of breaking out from the gums, in the pro- 
cess of ‘cutting the teeth’. 

&. 1626 Bacon Sy/va (1631) § 588 When they [the branches) 
make an Eruption, they breake forth casually, where they 
finde best way in the Barke or Rinde, SHARROcK 
Vegetables 142 Both buds and leaves, and all eruptions. .on 
every ve; etable. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. 27 The place 
of their (Trunk-roots’] Eruption is sometimes all along the 
Trunk; as in Mint. 1713 Dernam Phys.-Theol. x. 1. 447 
The Art in Folding up the leaves before their eruption out 
of their Gems, etc. is incom ble, 

b. 1859 J. Tomes Dental Surg. 104 The relations of the 
eruption of the permanent tecth to theage of the individual. 
1863 Huxtey Man's Place Nat. ii. 83 order of erup- 
tion of the permanent teeth is different. 

6. Path, a. A breaking out of a rash, or of 
pimples on the skin. (In early use with notion of 


280 


a ‘breaking out’ of latent disease or of ‘ peccant 
humours ’.) 

set Seuss. 3 Bay IV, m. i. 27 Diseased Metate. ote 
Wola 1oz When there is an eruption of timer 0 hey 


1799 Med. Frnt. 1. 322 An eruption of pimples on that 


rash. 

1770 one Lett. xxxix. 203 No man an eruption 
upon the surface, when he feels a mortification approach- 
ing to his heart. 1802 Med. Frni. VIII. 147 The matter.. 
scarcely ever afforded any eruptions like the small-pox. 
1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 156 A scaly 


eruption appears, attended by extreme itching. 1882 


Soume in Quain Med, Dict. 927 The declining rash of 


measles leaves a mottling of the skin, not unlike the mul- 
berry eruption of typhus. 

Hence Eru‘ptional [ +-At], a., of or pertaining 
to volcanic eruption, 

1858 G. P. Scrope Geol. § Volcanoes Centr. Fr. (ed. 2) 212 
It may have sustained considerable absolute elevation .. 
during its eruptional era. 1883 Proctor in Knowledge 
30 June 384/2 When there are few spots or none on the sun’s 
surface, the eruptional or jet prominences are not seen. 

Eruptive (/rvptiv), a. [a. Fr. éruptif, -ive, f. 
érupt- ppl. stem of érumpére: see Exupt and -I1vE.] 

1. Bursting forth; inclined or accustomed to 
break out from restraint, or to burst into violent 
action. Y 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 143 All which is per- 
verted in this eruptive generation. 1744 THOMSON Summer 
1132 The sudden glance [lightning] Appears far south 
— through the cloud. 1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. 
65 The eruptive and the aggressive manner in literature. 
1873 Browntnc Red Cott. Night-c. 117 Hell, eruptive and 
fuliginous, Sickens to very pallor. 

2. Of or pertaining to volcanic eruption; tending 
to or engaged in eruption; of the nature of or 
characterized by eruption. Of rocks: Formed or 
forced up by eruption, showing traces of eruption. 

1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 288 Into these errors Mr. White- 
hurst was betrayed by his fondness for the eruptive or plu- 
tonic theory. 1819 Byron Profh. Dante m. 187 The 
volcano’s fierce eruptive crest. 1849 Murcuison Siluria v. 

2 Crystalline rock, both eruptive and metamorphic. 1869 

HILLIPS Vesuv. iii. 79 Within the crater was found a round 
and small actively eruptive cone, 1878 Newcoms Pof. 
Astron. U1. ii. 262 The eruptive protuberances. 

uasi-sé, 1884 Invinc in Amer. F¥rnl. Sc. Ser. mt. (1885) 
XXIX. 241 The gneisses. .forming our supposed eruptives, 
are if eruptive, manifestly not to be compared with the 
lavas of modern times. 

3. Path. Attended with or producing eruption 
or efflorescence. 

1790 Sir W. Forpyce Virtues Mur. Acid. 1 The strikin 
effects produced by the spirit of sea-salt in all our putri 
diseases..I mean the Eruptive fevers. 1796 Burke Regic. 
Peace Wks. (1842) II. 279 It is in the nature of these erup- 
tive diseases in the state to sink in by fits, and re-appear. 
1834 Penny Cycl. I1. 207/2 Antimony is also used in some 
eruptive or exanthematous fevers. 1852 Miss YoncE 
Cameos (1877) I1I. v. 41 A serious attack of illness of an 
eruptive kind. 

. transf. (humorous.) 

1848 THackeray Bk. Snobs xxxiii, Thomas wears a page's 
costume of eruptive buttons. . ; 

Hence Eru'ptively a., in an eruptive manner. 
Eru'ptiveness, the quality of being eruptive. 
Erupti‘vity = ERuprivenEss. 

1869 Daily News 1 July, The candlesticks all over knobs 

excrescences as if eruptively affected. 1885 G. Merr- 
pita Diana Crossw. 1. i. 19 They create by stoppage a 
volcano, and are amazed at its eruptiveness. 1882 Gerkir 
Text-bk. Geol. wv. vil. 537 They possess likewise various 
values as marks of eruptivity. 

+Erupturient, a. Oss. [f. L. aupt- ppl. 
stem of érumpéere, after the analogy of words 
derived from desiderative vbs., e.g. esurient.] 
Ready to burst forth, on the _— of bursting forth. 

1664 Power E-xf. Philos. 138 You shall perceive a greater 
protrusion of your finger by the erupturient quicksilver, 
1685 H. More Para. Prophet, 388 Something akin to actual 
Persecution, which was erupturient all the while. rzax-6x 
in Bawtey. 1775 in Asn. 

+ Eruptw'rive, a. Os.—° [badly f. L. &upt-: 
see Erupt v.] ‘Breaking forth’. 


1782-90 in Battery. 

irur, obs. form of Erer, Error. 

Erusca‘tion. Ignorantly used for Coruscation. 

1653 A. Witson Yas. 7, 64 Some eruscations and light- 
nings of joy appeared in her Countenance. 

+ Erustate, v. Ols.—° [Error for *eruscate, f. 
late L. wruscat- ppl. stem of wruscdre, glossed 
‘ ws undigue colligere’.] 

1623 Cockeram n, Getting Mony by all means. Zrus- 
tating. 

Erve, var. of Err, Ods., cattle. 

Ervest, obs. form of Harvest. 

Erveth, -lich(e, var. of ARVETH, -LICcH(E, Obs. 

+Evrvil. Ods. Anglicized form of L. ervilia 
‘the bitter vetch’ (L. and Sh.). 

1st Turner Herbal 1. Kiija, Theophrastus rekeneth 
cicerculam among eruilles and peese. 1601 Hottanp Pliny 
II. 9 Madder of Italie .. is sowed besides of seed, and set 
of slips in manner of Eruile, 


ERYNGO. 
Ery, obs. form of Ezry and Every. 


“ery, suffix, ME. -erie, forming sés., first occurs 
in words adopted from Fr., and after the 

of these has been extensively used as an. Eng, 
formative, 

1. The Fr. -erze is of two distinct origi 
Representing a com, Romanic -avz‘a (Pr. -aria, 
It. -eria, Sp. -eréa), produced by the addition of 
the suffix -z‘a (Fr. -ze, -¥3) to sbs. or adjs. formed 
with the L. suffix -drio- (Fr. -er, -er). A 
proportion — re sbs. in -zer, -er (see -ER 
are designations of persons according to occupation 
or office; their derivatives in ae denote prs 
times the class of goods in which these persons 
deal, as draperie drapery, f. drapier draper ; some- 
times their employment or art, as archerie archery, 
f. archer archer ; sometimes the place where their 
occupation is carried on, as boulangerie bakery, 
f. boulanger baker. After the analogy of these, 
many Fr. words were formed with -evze from sbs, 
and adjs. without the intervention of a derivative 
in -zer, Examples of the varying force of the 
rerliaed — silk 's, f. sote silk ; niaiserie 
foolish conduct, f. szazs foolish ; juiverie 
f. juif Jew. b. Resulting from’ the nddidon 2 
the suffix -ze to agent-nouns in OF. -ere, -eor 
(mod. F. -eur):—L. -dtor, -dtorem. After the 
analogy of words thus formed, the suffix -erze 
was used to form derivatives immediately from 
verb-stems, Of the Fr. sbs. in -erze derived from 
vbs. (either through an agent-noun or directly) 
some denote a class of actions, as ¢romperie deceit, 
f. tromper to deceive; others an occupation, art, 
etc., as confiserte the business of a confectioner, 
f. confire to preserve fruits, etc. ; others the place 
where an occupation is carried on, as brasserie 
brewery, f. drasser to brew. 

2. Of the Eng. words ending in -exy many are 
adoptions from Fr., as battery, bravery, cutlery, 
nunnery, treachery. Many others are formed on 
sbs. in -e, and are properly examples of the suffix 
-y3; but in individual instances it is often un- 
certain whether a word was originally formed on an 
agent-noun in -er or directly on the verb. The de- 
rivatives of sbs. in -er and of verbs for the most part 
denote the place where an employment is carried 
on, as bakery, brewery, fishery, pottery; occasion- 
ally they denote classes of goods, as oe 
tronmongery, pottery; after the ana’ of such 
words, he 4d ri added to sbs. witha 
collective sense (= ‘-ware’, ‘-stuff’, or the like) 
as in crockery, machinery, scenery. The words 
formed by adding -ery to sbs. sometimes (though 
rarely) signify a state or condition, as slavery; 
oftener the force of the suffix is ‘that which is 
characteristic of, all that is connected with’, in 
most cases with contemptuous oe as 
in knavery, monkery, popery; an ment 
use is to denote the pleas where certain animals 
are kept or certain plants cultivated, as fissery, 
rookery, swannery, vinery. During the few 
years this suffix in pl. form has been rather exten- 
sively used in the coinage of jocular nonce-words ; 
the Fisheries Exhibition held at South Kensington 
in 1883 having been coll y known as ‘the 
Fisheries’, the name ‘ Healtheries’ was commonly 

iven to the succeeding Health Exhibition, and 
the Colonial and Indian Exhibition was called 


: a. 


‘the Colinderies’; an exhibition of and 
tricycles was called ‘the Wheeleries’. These 
formations are often imitated colloquially. Cf. 


‘The Dukeries’ (after the analogy of ‘The Pot- 
teries’) as a name for the tract of country occu- 
ied by the great ducal estates in Notts. and North 
peer 
3. In many words this suffix has now the con- 
tracted form -RY, q.v. 
Erye,.obs. form of Ear v. to plough. 
Eryness, obs. form of ExriEss. 
: eats Bruce v1. 295 Sum for eryness will 


it, mistake for crynet, CRINET. 
1688 R. Home A 11. 237/1 Of a Hawk. .the E: 
are the little Feathers under the eyes, or hairs about the ] 


+ Bey age. Obs. rare. [ad. L. éryngion : see 
next.] = Erynco 1 b. 


1578 Lyre Dodoens ww. lviii. 519 Plinie calleth it also 
Eryngs i the writers of our time cal it Eryngium marinum. 
1601 Hottanp Péiny II. 119 As for the white Erynge, our 
countrymen call it in Latine Cent ita. 

(zri'ngo). Also 6-8 eringo, 6-7 aphet. 
ringo. [Immediate source uncertain: perhaps a 
corrupt adoption of It. or Sp. eringio, ad. L. éryn- 
gion, a, Gr. hptyyor, dim. of jpuyyos the name of 
this plant, also a goat’s beard.] 


ERYSIPELACEOUS. 


1. +a. The candied root of the Sea Holly 
(Eryngium maritimum), formerly used as a 
sweetmeat, and regarded as an aphrodisiac. Ods. 
b. In later use, the plant itself, or any other of 
the same genus. (In this sense the L. exyngium 
was used by earlier writers. ) 

@. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. v. v. 23 Let it.. haile kissing 
Comfits, and snow Eringoes. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 
1. iii. 181 Camphire and Lettuce chaste Are clean casheird, 
now Sophi Ringoes eate. 1616 R. C. 7imes’ Whis. vi. 2771 
Candid eringoes, and rich marchpaine stuff. c1630 Rispon 
Surv. Devon § 277 (1810) 288 Sea-holly groweth plentifully, 
whose roots are called eringo. 1681 Otway Soldier's Fort. 
v, Here child, here’s some Ringoes. 1709 Pore Yan. & 
May 377 Satyrion near, with hot Eringo’s stood. 

b. [1616 Surrt. & Marku. Country Karme 203 Eringium 
groweth in an vntilled, rough, and drie ground. 1626 BAcon 
Sylva (1631) § 53 Some few Slices of Eryngium Roots.] 
1668 Witkins Keal Char. u. iv. § 4.94 Eringo, an Herb. 
1695 BLackmore Pr. Arth. v. 439 In verdant Samphire and 
Eringo drest. 1718 Quincy Comf/. Disp. 120 Eryngo grows 
in sandy places, and near the Sea-Shore. 1798 CANNING 
New Morality in Anti-Facobin No. 36 (1852) 2t2 Eringoes 
o’er the hallow’d spot shall bloom. 1861 Miss Pratr 
Flower Pi. U1, 4 Eryngium (Eryngo}. Flowers in a dense 
prickly head. 

2. attrib., esp. eryngo-root. 

1634-5 Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) 
p. lxix, For ashen keyes and eringo rootes. 1656 EVELYN 
Mem, (1857) I. 332 Colchester..is also famous for oysters 
and Eringo root. 1709 Prior Paulo Purganti 72 One 
might see Eringo Roots and Bohé Tea. 1848 C. A. Jouns 
Week at Lizard 283 Candied Eryngo-root. 

+ E:rysi:pela‘ceous, 2. Ods. rare. [f. Ery- 
SIPEL-AS + -ACEOUS.] = ERYSIPELATOUS. 


1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v1. 191 In a very vehement 
and urgent Inflammation, as an Erisipelaceous one. 


Erysipelas (erisi‘pfles). Path. Forms: 4 
herisipila, 6 herisipelas, erisipila, 6-7 erisi- 
pelas, -ilas, -ylas, erisypelas, erysipilas, -iles, 
-ely, (eresipyla, iresipilis, 9g earisiply), 7- 
erysipelas. [a. Gr. épvaimeAas (Hippocrates), of 
doubtful etymology. Commonly regarded as f. 
*épvoi-s reddening (:—OAryan *rudhti-s, f. root 
*reudh, whence Gr. épvOpds red) +7eA- in méAAG 
skin (cogn. with L. fe//z’s and FELL); but the 
formation — abnormal. For the first ele- 
ment cf. épvoiBn red blight on corn.] 

A local febrile disease accompanied by diffused 
inflammation of the skin, producing a deep red 
colour; often called St. Anthony’s fire, or ‘the 
rose’. 

I Trevisa Barth. De P. R. Add. MS. 27944 fo. 63 As 
it fareb of hem pat haue an euel pat hatte herisipla. 
1527 ANDREW Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters H iij b, Hous- 
leke..is good agaynst the sore called Erisipila. 1543 Tra- 
HERON Vzgo's Chee. 1. iii. 37 You must beware, that 
Herisipelas retourne not, 1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr, 
173 This Erysipelas or wilde fire being once kindled, the 
flame is not so soon to be quenched. 1693 Q. Mary Let. 
(1886) 107, I so heated my blood that I had an iresipilis 
upon on arm. 1736 Battery Househ. Dict. 268 Erysipelas 
or St. Anthony’s fire. 1769 W. Bucnan Dom. Med. (1790) 
251 It is common to bleed in the erysipelas. 1826 J. WiL- 
Liams Last Legacy 10 For the Earisiply, or St. Anthony’s 
Fire. 1872 Darwin Emotions xiii. 325 Erysipelas of the 
head commonly induces delirium. 

Hence E:rysi:pela‘tic a. [see -1c], of the nature 
of erysipelas ; resembling erysipelas. E:rysipe‘la- 
toid a. [see -omD], resembling erysipelas. + Ery- 
si‘pelous a.[+-oUS] =ERYSIPELATOUS. ‘| E:ry- 
sipe:lato'se a. [see -OSE] = ERYSIPELATOUS. 

1883 Standard 3 Jan. 3/2 Wide-spread inflammation of 
an erysipelatic character. r7r0 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 
283 It is a useful thing. .for Erysipelatose Affections. 1786 
Cowper Le?, Aug. 9 An eresypylatose [sic] eruption. 

Erysipelatous (e:risipe'latas), a. [f. Gr. épu- 
avmedar- stem of épugimedas (see prec.) +-0US: cf. 
Fr. &ysipélateux.] Pertaining to, or of the nature 
of, erysipelas ; affected with erysipelas. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psenud. Ep. ww. iii. 182 An Inflam- 
mation .. Oedematous, Schirrous, Erisipelatous according 
to the predominancy of melancholy, flegme, or choler. 1769 
Bucuan Dom. Med. liv. (1826) 269 Erysipelatous redness 
in the skin. 1814 CoLerinGE in Cottle Remin. (1837) 357 
An erysipelatous complaint. 186x Hutme tr. Moguin-Tan- 
don u1. v, ii. 264 Erysipelatous spots. 1871 Napueys Prev. § 
Cure Dis. ut. xiv. 1094 An erysipelatous patient. 

Erysy, Erytage, obs. ff. Heresy, Herirace. 

ema (eripz-ma). Path. [a. Gr. épvonua 
(stem épv@nuar-), f. épvbaivew to be red, f. épvO-pds 
red.] A superficial inflammation of the skin, show- 
ing itself chiefly in rose-coloured patches. 

1766-83 W. Cutten First Lines Phys. § 274 Wks, 1827 
IL. 23 When the disease is an affection of the skin alone 
.. I shall give the disease the name of Erythema, 18zz 
Asernetuy Surg. Wks. I. 198 A Burgundy pitch plaster 
causes extensive erythema. 1855 Lancet 11 July 79/2 A 
fugacious roseola or erythema. 

Hence E:rythemartic a. [ + -10], of, pertaining to, 
or of the nature of erythema. Erythe’matous a. 
[+ -ous] = prec. 

3766-83, W. Cutten First Lines Phys. § 385 Wks. 1827 
IL. 71 The inflammation of the stomach is of two kinds, 
Phlegmonic, or Erythematic. 1842 T. H. Burcess tr. 
Cazenove's Dis. Shin 130 This erythematous ring is often 
the seat of small vesicles. 186x ‘T. Granam Pract. Med. 
667 Surrounded by an erythematous efflorescence, 

Vou. III. 


281 


Erythism, erroneous spelling of ErEruism, 

Erythric (eri‘prik), 2. Chem. [f. Gr. épv0p-ds 
red+-10.] LErythric acid; + a. (see quot. 1840) ; 
b. = Eryturin. 

1840 Henry Elem, Chem. U1. 415 An acid has also been 
obtained by Brugnatelli, by acting on uric acid with nitric 
acid, which he has proposed to call erythric acid. 186x 
Macmitian Footn. Page Nat. 117 Schunk .. discovered [in 
rock-moss or cudbear] a colourless crystalline acid, called 
erythric acid. 

Erythrin (eri:prin). Chem. [f. as prec. + -1N.] 
‘An acid (Cy) HyO,)) discovered by Heeren in 
Roccella tinctoria ; it appears also to be contained 
in most of the lichens from which archil is pre- 
pared’ (Watts Dict. Chem. 1882). 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 385 The erythrin.. 
undergoes a notable change, for it is insoluble in water. 

|| Erythrina (eriproina). [mod.L., f. Gr. 
2 F ri 
épvOpds red.] The Coral-tree, a genus of tropical 
trees (N.O. Leguminose) bearing clusters of blood- 
red flowers. 

1865 Parkman Huguenots iv. (1875) 58 The coral blossoms 
of the erythrina glow in the shade beneath. 1871 MaTeEer 
Travancore 100 The flaming Erythrina, or coral tree. 
1875 Miss Birp Sandwich Isé. (1880) 69 The surf-board.. 
is usually made of the erythrina, or the breadfruit tree. 

Erythrine (eri:proin). din. [f. Gr. épvOp-ds 
red + -INE.] = COBALT-BLOOM., 

1837 ALLAN Phillips’ Min. 289 Cobalt Bloom..Erythrine. 
1882 Watts Chem. Dict. s.v. 

Erythrite (eri:proit). Also 9 erithrite. [f. 
as prec. + -ITE.] 

1. Min. a. = CoBALT-BLOOM. b. ‘A flesh-co- 
loured feldspar, containing 3 per cent. magnesia, 
found in amygdaloid’ (Watts Dzct. Chem. 1882). 

1844 Dana J77x. 351 The Erythrite of Thomson .. is a 
flesh colored feldspar. 1868 /did. 559 Erythrite when 
abundant is valuable for the manufacture of smalt. 

2. Chem. An organic substance obtainable from 
erythrin. 

1865 WiLLiAMson Chem. for Students li. § 312 The 
formula of erithrite is C+ H!9 Of. 1869 Roscor Elem. 
Chem. 391 The only tetravalent alcohol as yet known is 
erythrite. 

Erythro- (eri:pro-) (before a vowel ery-/hr-), 
combining form of Gr. épv@pd-s red, in several 
compounds occurring in Chemistry, with a few 
in Mineralogy, etc. 

Ery ‘thro-benze'ne (see quot.). Erythro‘lein 
[see OLEIN]. Ery:throli‘tmin [see Lirmus and 
-In], ‘red substances obtained from litmus’ (Watts 
Dict. Chem. 1882). Ery'throphyll, Chem. [Gr. 
pvad-ov leaf], the red colouring matter of leaves 
in autumn. Ery:throphy‘llin, Chev. [see prec. 
and -IN] = prec. Ery:throphy'toscope [Gr. 
guré-v plant + -cxomos observer] = ERYTHROSCOPE. 
Ery:thropro‘tid [see PRoTEID or PROTIDE], ‘a red 
extractive matter obtained by Mulder from albu- 
min and allied substances’, Ery:throre‘tin, 
Chem. [see Ret-ENE and -1N],‘a resinous constituent 
of rhubarb-root, soluble with purple-red colour in 
alkalis’ (Watts Dict. Chem. 1882). Ery‘thro- 
scope [Gr. -cxoros observer], an optical contriv- 
ance, by which the green of foliage is caused to 
appear red, while all other green objects retain 
their natural hue (see quot.). Ery:throsi‘derite, 
Min. [Gr. otdnp-os+-1TE], a hydrous chloride of 
potassium and iron formed by sublimation in the 
lavas of Vesuvius. Ery‘throzyme, Chem. [Gr. 
(tun leaven], ‘an azotised substance which exists 
in madder root, and gives rise to a peculiar trans- 
formation of rubian’ (Watts Dzct. Chem. 1882). 

1879 Watts Dict, Chem. V1. 583 *Erythrobenzene, a red 
colouring matter prepared from nitrobenzene by leaving 
12 pts. of that substance in contact with 24 pts. of fine iron 
filings and 6 pts. strong hydrochloric acid, for 24 hours at 
ordinary temperatures. 1882 /é/d. III. 731 *Erythrolitmin 
forms crystalline grains ofa fine deep red colour, coloured blue 
by potash. 1875 Bennetr & Dyer tr. Sachs’ Bot. 686 *Ery- 
throphyll group. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary’s Phaner. 
& Ferns 66 Cell-sap..tinted with dissolved pigments (Ery- 
throphyll, &c.). 1876 S. Kens. Museum Catal. No. 3702 
*Erythrophytoscope. 1845 G. Day tr. Simon's Anim. 
Chem. 1. 29 Glutin and water may be supposed to be formed 
from protid and *erythroprotid by the ammonia. 1852-9 
Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 164/2 Erythroprotid, when pure, is of 
afine red colour. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 466 Rhubarb con- 
tains 3 resins, aporetin pheeoretin, and *erythroretin. 1876 
S. Kens. Museum Catal. No. 3700 *Erythroscope, 1879 
Roop Chromatics vii. 83 Simler has constructed a simple 
..apparatus, based on the singular property which living 
leaves have of reflecting newapene the extreme red rays 
of the spectrum : it is called an erythroscope. 1875 Dana 
Min. App. ii. 19 *Erythrosiderite .. Color red. Very solu- 
ble. 1876 tr. Schiit vger's Fer tation 24 Inthe fer- 
mentation of sugar by means of *erythrozyme. 

Erythrogen (eri‘prodzen). [mod. f. Gr. épu®po- 
ERYTHRO- + -GEN2 producer ’.] 

1. Bot. ‘A term for a variety of the supposed 
colouring matter of vegetables, called Chromogen, 
because it produces a red colour with acids’. (Syd. 
Soc. Lex.) : 

2. Chem. ‘ A crystalline, fatty substance obtained 


ESCALADE. 


from diseased bile; so called from the reddish 
or purple color of some of its compounds’ (Watts 
Dict. Chem. 1882). 

1846 WorcesTER cites Penny Cyclop.; and in mod. Dicts. 

Erythroid (eriproid), a. [mod. f. Gr. épv@p-os 
(see ERYTHRO-) +-om.] Of a red colour, reddish, 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Erytyke, obs. form of Hxretic. 

+Es, sd. Obs. Also 4 hes, 5 ese. [OE. és, 
corresp. to OHG. és, MDu. aes (mod.Ger., Du. 
aas):—OTeut. *ésso(m, f. €t- ablaut-form of root 
*et- to Eat.] Carrion; also carrion used as bait, 
a bait. 

Beowulf (Gr.) 1331 Atol zse wlanc eft sidas teah fylle 
peirequod. 975 O. £. Chron., Letan him behindan .. bane 

asewan padan earn zftan hwit zses brucan. c1175 Lam). 
Hom. 123 Penne bid he gredi pes eses and forswole3ed pene 
hoc ford mid pan ese. 1340 Ayend. 55 Yerne to pe mete ase 
deb be hond to pe hes. c14s0 Lat. § Eng. Voc. in Wr.- 
Wiilcker 579 Edia, ese. 

Es, pers. pron. Obs. [phonetic variant of hes, 
his; often attached to the vb. of which it is the 
obj. : see His prov.?, and cf. + As pron.) 

a. Them (acc. pl.). bb. Her, it (acc. fem. sing.). 

@1200 Moral Ode 55 Pe pet echte wile habben wel hwile 
be he muze es welden. Giue hies for godes luue‘ penne 
deb hes wel ihalden. c 1250 Gen. § Ex. 135 He knowned 
[vead knowe3] one ilc sterre name, He settes in de firma- 
ment. ¢1300 Havelok 970 He bouthe him bobe hosen and 
shon, And sone dide him dones on. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw. 
(A.) 3850 He oxed his armes hastiliche And men es him 
brou3t sikerliche. 

Bs, obs. form of H1s grov.1 

@1300 Cursor M. 4641 (Cott.), I wat nour quar es mak. 
Ibid. 4677 Depe selers..Thoru es aun scel-wis red, He fild 
wit wines, quite and red. 

Eis, obs. form of 7s: see BE v. A. 1. 

Es, obs, var. of ave: see Bev. A. 1 4. 

Es-, prefix, occurring in adoptions of OF. words 
beginning with es-:—L. ex- out. A few of these 
words survive with the prefix unchanged, as escage, 
escheat; a few others have been refashioned with 
ex-, after Latin, as esample, now example, es- 
change, now exchange ; but the much larger number 
of them are obsolete. Before ch this prefix was 
in 14-15th c. occasionally written ¢f-. A frequent 
variant of es- is a-: see A- pref. 9. 

*| The examples of the prefix es- must be distin- 
guished from those of the euphonic e prefixed in 
OF. (as in Pr., Sp., Pg.) to an initial s followed 
by a consonant, e.g. espectal, esquire. 

|| Evsalon. Os. rave. Also 6 easalon. Mis- 
spelling of Lat. esalon [ad. Gr. aicddwr], the 
name of a bird of prey, ‘the rust-kite or moor- 
buzzard’ (Lewis and Short), ‘the merlin’ (Liddell 
and Scott); in context of first quot. it is said to 
be the smallest of the buzzard kind. 

1572 BossEWELL Armorie 111. 27 Enemyeto them[Ravens] 
is a lyttle Byrde called Easalon, which breaketh theire 
egges. 1651 J. F[REAKE] Agrippa’s Occ. Philos. 40 There 
is..a bitter enmity betwixt the litle bird called Esalon, and 
the Asse. 

+Esba'tement. Ods. [a. OF. esbatement, 
mod.Fr. cbattement, f. (s\ébattre to divert (one- 
self) = Pr. esbatre, It. sbattere:—late L. type *ex- 
battére, {. ex out + battére to beat. Cf. ABATE.] 
Amusement, diversion ; an amusement. Cf, ABATE- 
MENT 2 b. 

1475 Caxton ¥asox 119 The daye passed and the feste in 
daunces, carolles and esbatements. 1483 — G. de la Tour 
xxiii, These wordes are but sport and esbatement of lordes. 
1531 Etyor Gov. 1. x, If he haue pleasure in wrastling .. 
where shall he se any more plesant esbatementes than that. 

+ Esbay’, v. Olds. rare. Also 6 esbaie. [a. 
OF. esbai-r, mod.Fr. (s’)ébahir: see ABASH, of 
which this is a variant.] ¢vavs. To cow, dismay. 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xu. xvii, I was moche esbayed 
and wondred what this might be. 1531 Exyor, Gov. m1. 
xix, Wherwith [the letter of Parmenio] he [Alexander] 
beinge nothing esbaied, helde in his handes the letter .. 
and dranke also the medicine. 

+ Esbrandill, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Fr. *es- 
brandeler (now ébranler), f. es- (see Es-) + bran- 
deler, now branler to shake.] trans. To shake. 

1 Q. Exizasetu Let. to Fas. 8 Oct. (1849) 159 Never 
shall dread of any mans behaviour cause me doo ought that 
may esbrandill the seat that so well is settled. 

+Evscal, z. Obs.—° [ad. L. escal-zs, f. esca 
food.] Pertaining to food ; fit to be eaten. 

1656-81 in Biount Glossogr.; 1775 in As. 

Escalade (eskaléi-d), sb. Also 8 escallade. 
[a. Fr. escalade, ad. Sp. escalada = It. scalata, f. It. 

_and med.L. scalare to scale, f. L. sca@/a ladder. 
Cf. ScaLADE, SCALADO.] 

1, The action of scaling the walls of a fortified 
place by the use of ladders ; also ¢ransf. and fig. 

1598 FLori0, Scalada, an escalade, a scaling of a wall with 
ladders. 1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. 1. 60 He must raze 
the Fort of St, Katherine, and attempt..a second Escalade. 
1712 Lond. Gaz. No. 5026/5 Two thousand of the Enemy 
attempted .. to take Arronches by Escallade. 1790 Brat- 
son Nav. & Mil. Mem. 1. 180 He prepared ladders for an 
escalade. 1824 WiFFEN 7asso xu. iii, Whilst I..with dis- 
tant shafts but checked Their eagerescalade, 1832 SournEy 

36 


ESCALADE. 


Hist. Penins. War U1. 416 Had they been aware how 
little it [the fort] was injured, would not have recom- 
oe o as ay soon. Apes coo Ae aan 

ts. 1 e been ect inst such an esca- 
lade by, .old bottles. artes oe 

2. ? erroneous use. A series of terraces one 
above the other, like a staircase. Hence the same 
writer forms Escala‘ded a. [-ED2], formed into 
an ‘escalade’. 


282 


Esca‘llop-she'll. = ScALLop-sHELL. 
1. The shell of the escallop, usually a single 


Pil returning from the shrine of St. James at Com- 
wear an on 

the Galician shore ; hence, this shell (in lesiastical sym- 

bolism used as the em of the apostle) is often referred 

to as the distinctive ofa “1 

1628 Coxe On Litt. Pref., The of Rome did weare 

hy Jet: of hell, about 


1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. vi. (e890) 46 The washings of 
the melted snows had accumulated, in little escalades or 
terraces, a scanty mould. 1856 — Arct. Zxpi. II. xiv. 148 
The escaladed structure of the Arctic glacier. 

Escalade (eskalzi:d), v. [f. prec. sb.] ‘vans. 
To climb up and get over or enter (a wall, rampart, 
etc.) by means of ladders; to scale. : 

180r WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disf. I. 361 They might esca- 


lade the outer wall, aie care to carry over some ladders 
for the purpose of ‘escall ing the inner wall. 1839 ALIson 
Hist. Bs already 


‘urope (1849) I. iv. 535 A... multitude 
n..to pach the parapets. 

ence Escala‘der, one who escalades. Esca- 
lading v/. sb., in quot. attrib. 

1849 Grote Greece u. xli. V. 7 The successful escaladers 
opened the gates to the entire Persian host. 1863 THorn- 
Bury True as Steel 111. 105 The escaladers were then to 
advance. 1839-42 Atison Hist. Europe (ed. 8) IIL. xviii. 
557 A loud shout..announced the success of the escalading 


party. — 

Escalado (eskala-do). arch. Also 6-7 es- 
calada. [a. Sp. escalada (see ESCALADE); first 
used in correct form, afterwards with the usual 
perversion of Sp. -ada into -apo?.] = Escat- 
ADE sb. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres Gloss. 250 Escalada..is the 
skaling of a wall or fort with ladders. 1600 Hottanp Livy 
xu. lxili. 1152 The Consull .. purposed to invest the citie 
round about with the Escalado, 1625 Bacon Consid. War 
Spain (1629) 51 That..we should. .haue wonne one Toune 
of importance by Escalada. 1641 Baker Chron. 67 Using 
all meanes possible, by Escalado, Battery, and burning the 
gates, to enter the City. 1859 THackeray Virgin. |xxii, 
Tragedies, intrigues, serenades, escaladoes. 

+ Esca‘le, v. Obs. rare—'. [var. of SCALE v.] 

1579 FENTON Guicciard. vi. 301 Vsing the seruice of eskal- 
ing ladders, they commaunded the w 

+Escaline. Oés. [ad. F. escalin, ad. Du. 
schelling, Ger. schilling SHILLING.] A Flemish 
coin. 

1674 Lond. Gaz. No. 904/4, 2 or 300 Lewises of Gold, 32 
Escalines of Gold. : 

Escalion (eskz‘lian). rare. = SCALLION. 

1847 Gosse Birds of Jamaica 312 They are fond of pick- 
ing about the beds of shallots and escalions. 


|| Escallonia (eskalownia). [mod.Lat. f. Zs- 
callon the name of the discoverer.) A genus of 
flowering shrubs (N.O. Saxifragacex) found in the 
temperate parts of South America. 

1882 Garden 29 Apr. 292/1 Escallonias are useful. 1884 
Daily News 2 Sept. 2/1 Looking on a summer sea from 
..terraces lined with laurel, fuchsia, and escalonia. 


Escallop (eskx'lop). Also 7 escollop, 7-8 
escalop. [a. OF. esca/ope shell, an adoption from 
some Teut. lang.; cf. MDu. sche/pe (mod. Du. 
schelp) shell. The variant ScaLtop is found much 
earlier, and is still in use.] 

1. A bivalve mollusc of the genus Pecten; = 
SCALLOP I, 

1610 Guitum Heraldry m1. xxiii. (1660) 238 The Escallop 


(according to Dioscorides) is engendred of the Dew and 
Ayre. 1 Piotr Ox/fordsh. 78 The stone is stuck full of 
Cockles, Escallops, and Oysters. 1886 Daily News 24 Dec. 


2/6 Escallops, 6d. per dozen. 

2. Her. = ESOALLOP-SHELL. 

— J. Wesster Metadlogr. i. 21 Shillings marked with 
an Escalo 1708 J, CHAMBERLAYNE St, Gt, Brit, u. m1. x. 
(1743) 429 The point of the sword [is] formed like an escalop 
flourished. 1864 Boutett Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xv. (ed. 3.) 
184 Three escallops or. A 

3. One of a series of segments of circles forming 
a ‘scalloped’ edge. More usually Scatxop. 

1691 Ray Creation (1714) 102 The figure of the leaves .. 
divided into so many jags or Escallops. 

4. Comb. escallop-basin, a basin made in the 
form of an escallop shell. 

1644 Evetyn Mem. (1819) 1. 44 Before this grotto is a long 
poole into which ran divers spouts of water from leaden 
escollop basins. 

Escalloped (eskzelapt), Af/. a. [f. *escallop vb. 
(= ScALLOP v.)+-ED1.] An alternative (but now 
less frequent) form of SCALLOPED. 

1. Having the border or edge cut in ‘ scallops’ 
or segments of circles ; = SCALLOPED I. 

1611 Speen //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x._xii. §82 Now B dians 
scorne their Fliece of Gold; The French, th’ Escalopt 
Collar set with grace. 1672 Grew Jdea Philos. Hist. 
Plants Gee) 5 Leaves are Long or Round, Even-edg’d or 
Escallop'd, many other ways different. 1842 Blackw, 
Mag. LI, Lah They only succeed .. by cross and es- 
calloped wedges jambed in between them and their coronets. 
1885 R. HeatH in Mag. Art. — 81/2 The ladies wore 
as “wi Sa ‘heads’, mostly Englis! 

. Her. 


1720 Strype Stow’s Surv. I. v. xiv. 320/2 His robe 
turned down about his neck Azure, Escaloped, 

2. Of oysters: = SCALLOPED 2. rare. 

1880 Howetts Undisc. Country 14 A person you might 
help to escalloped oysters or ice-cream at an evening party. 


(x85) I. ror The 
resem) 


was adopted mer. 

2. An imitation of a scallop shell used for orna- 
mental purposes; esf. in the collar of the order 
of St. Michael. 

1664 Evetyn Acc. Architects (R.), With such ornament 
and decoration as best becomes them: as to Nymphs .. 
escalop-shells. 1864 J. Woopwarp in N. § Q. V. 184 The 
collar of this order was composed of escallop shells. 

3. Her. The figure of an escallop borne as a charge. 

r6r0 Guittim Heraldry ut. xxiii. (1611) 171 He beareth 
Argent, an Escallop shell gules by the name of Prelate. 
1628 Coxe On Litt. Pref., A Cheuron betwene three Esca- 
lop shelles Sable. 1766-87 Porny Heraldry 175 Three 
Escallop-shells Pearl. 1864 Bouter. Heraldry Hist. & 
Pop. xv. 192 The escallop shells appear again upon the 
shield of De Bigot. | 

+ Esca'n e,v. Obs. In6 -ise. [ad. Sp. 
escandalizar :—late L. scandalizare.] =SCANDALIZE. 

1574 Hettowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. 242 Before they 
..do justice they shall escandalise the common wealth, 1640 
R. Bratuwait Boulster Lect. 100 By jesting I have many 
times escandalized another. 

Escapable (éskéi:pab’l), a. [f. Escape v. + 
-ABLE.] That can be escaped. 

1864 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 

Escapade (eskapé'd). [a. Fr. escapade, ad. Sp. 
or Pr. escapada, f. escapar: see ESCAPE v.] 

1. An act of escaping from confinement or re- 
straint ; a runaway excursion. 

1653 Urqunart Radelais 1. iv, I wish your bum-gut [may] 
fall out and make an escapade. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxvi, 
His second escapade was made for the purpose of visitin; 
the field of Rullion-green. 1868 E. Epwarps Raleigh I. 
iv. 74 He tried..an escapade to the Low Countries... in a 
ship which lay. .at Sandwich. 

b. fs: A breaking loose from restraint or rules ; 
a flighty piece of conduct. 

1814 Scott Wav. xxxiv, A youthful escapade, which 
might be easily atoned. 1827 A. FonsLanque Eng. under 
Seven Administr. (1837) I. 80 A young nobleman. .commits 
an escapade (the name given to the offences of persons of 
quality). 1862 Mrs. H. Woop Mrs. Halid, u. xxiii, Anna 
could have died rather than suffer her escapade to reach the 
ears of home. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 May 5/3 Lord R. 
Churchill’s latest escapade. .is the theme of general remark, 

+2. Of a horse: A throwing off of control; a 
fit of plunging and rearing. Ods. rare. 

1673 Drypen Cong. Granada 1. i, His fiery Arab.. 
Sprung loose, and flew into an Escapade. 

|| Escapado! (eskapa-do). [Sp.; pa. pple. of 
escapar to Escapr.] An escaped prisoner. 

188: Mayne Rein Free Lances I. ix.94 The retaken esca- 
padoes had been brought back, 


Escapa'do?, vare—'. Pseudo-foreign form of 
EscaPADE. 
1849 James Woodman xxxvi, Know you aught of this 


escapado, Signor Chartley. 

+ Esca‘pal. O¢s. rare. [f. EScaPE v. + -AL.] 
ae WW Ne He] fled thi h 

x . Woop New Eng. sian t 
the onda and came to hes ae Nona a he still lives 
to rehearse his happie escapall. 

Escape (éskép), sé.1 Also 4-5 eschap(e. 
[f. Escare v. ; cf. OF. eschap (perth. the source in 
ie c.), Sp. escape.] 

. The action of escaping, or the fact of having 
escaped, from custody, danger, etc. ; spec. in Law: 
see quot. 1641. 


ESCAPE. 
2. concr. a. A plant that has ‘ ” from 
pai a plant pee ts wil 

Fi Chelidoni: jus... i 
or. — tud. Flora 16 Che majus Ld 


England, elsewhere an obvious 
Haywarp Botanist’s ‘Pocket-bk. Pref. ed 5) mm many 
cases they [alien plants] are escapes from gardens. 

b. U.S. An escaped person, a fugitive. 

1881 Philada. Record No. 3464. 4 All the Chinese in this 
country, excepting were escapes. 

3. A means of escape. In FIRE-ESCAPE; and 
short for that word. 

1810 Trans. Soc. Arts XXVIII. If every parish would 
provide one aeons cel pi hry lessen the 
accidents which occur by fire. 1887 Daily News 16 May 
de ran out a le of their 


, etc, from con- 


1 Harsnet Agst. Darell 41 Hee ing Alice Good- 
PP aay a Coppice did Let an Escape (asthe book termeth 


contempt, etc, 

+5. An involuntary outburst of feeling; a sally 
of wit. Ods. 

Suaxs. Meas. for M. w. i. 63 Thousand escapes of 
= nape on the gn their i dreame, And — 

ee in their fancies. Cotton Esfernon ut. xu. 623 
Excusing himself for that little pe of his 
1796 Burke Regic. Peace Wks. 1842 II. 314 Their views 
were only discovered now , in and as by es- 
capes, but on this occasion they exploded suddenly. 

+6. An inadvertence, blunder, mistake; esp. a 
clerical or printer’s error. Ods. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) II. 469 The book itself 
sheweth the escape and biddeth instead of four to read 
three. 1590 Swinsurne 7estaments Epil., There be sundrie 
escapes in the print. 1642 Jer. Tavtor Efisc. To Rdr., 
The Printer thinkes it the instance of pardon if his 
Escapes be not laid wy the Author. 1680 R, Firmer 
Patriarcha ii. § 1 This negligence, or wilful escape of 
Lambine, in not translating a word. 1721 Wodrow Corr. 
(1843) II. 613 There are several other variations between 
the 8vo and the quartos; but they seem literal escapes. 
1786 Cowrer Wks. (1837) XV. 187 Some escapes will 
in so long a work. | S. Peccr Anecd. Eng, - (1844) 
134 Many ti —- and errors. ARWIN 
in Life & Lett. (1887) Il. 30 Now you may quiz me for so 
foolish an escape of mouth. 

+b. An unstudied or artless performance, 

1667 Drypen Sir Mart. Mar-aill u. i, I am wholly ig- 

norant of painting, music, and poetry; only some le 


“+7. An inconsiderate transgression; a pecca- 
dillo, venial error. (In Shaks. with different no- 
tion: an outrageous cage ama Applied esp. 
to breaches of chastity. Ods. 

1576 Wootton Chr. Manual (1851) 74 Yet God, such is 
his goodness, winketh (as it were) at such escapes, — 
Suaxs. Jit. A. 1. ii. 113 Rome will despise her for this 
foul escape. 1596 Lopce Marg. Amer. 37 The escapes of 
Jupiter, the wanton delights of Venus, and the amorous 
deceits of Cupid. 1611 Corcr., Peccadil/e, an escape, 
= Toe ou i vanes Seen < Wirner Sat. to 

vi I er nm anced 

‘ "1678 Banceavay Quakers 4680! how will they 
insult, and make more noise of the escape of one Quaker, 
than of an hundred among themselves. 

8. Comb. escape - cock (see bag escape- 
pinion, the pinion on the escape-wheel arbor ; 
escape - pipe, the pipe which steam 
passes from an escape-valve; escape-shaft, a 
shaft provided for the escape of miners in case 
of the ordinary shaft becoming blocked; eseape- 
valve, a valve fitted to the boiler, cylinder, or 
other of a e, to provide for the 
exit of steam or water w necessary ; escape- 
warrant, pe rhs addressed to all sheriffs, etc. 
throughout England, to retake an escaped prisoner, 
even on a Sunday, and commit him to ir oad 
custody (Wharton); escape-wheel, the wheel that 
forms part of the escapement in a watch, called 


a. 1300 K. Adis. 4287 For that pe they beon d 
sore, pe Barsour Iouce 1. 65 He wes off his eschap 
sary. 1417 Br. Currorp in Ellis Orig. Lett, u. 29. I. go 
Foryevyng me graciously the esch of the clerkes con- 
victes out of my prison of Storteford. 

. 1596 Suaks. Zam. Shr. 1. i. 235 Your fellow Tranio 
-.Puts my apparrell..on, And I for my escape haue put on 
his. x6xx Biste Ps. ly. 8, I would hasten my escape from 
the windie storme, and pest B. J Barth. 
Fair w. iv, What, has he made an escape! which way? 
follow, neighbour Haggise. 164: Termes de la Ley 142 
Escape is where one that is arrested commeth to his liberty 
before that he be delivered by award of any Justice, or by 


order of Law. 1659 Hammonp On Ps. Ixvili. 20. Paraphr. 
7 To him we owe all our 1698 Luptow Mem. 
. 221 No sooner was the King’s taken notice of by 


the Guards. 1713 Appison Guardian (J.), Men of virtue 
have had extrao’ paaury eonepencnt ot am dangers as have 
enclosed them. 1769 Backstone Comm. III. 415 When a 
defendant is once in custody upon this process [ca. sa.] .. if 
he be is seen at large, it is anescafe. 1777 PRiest- 
Ley Matt. & Spir. (1782) I. xx. 267 An i substance, 
which .. es its escape at deat! Macautay Hist, 
Eng. 11. 171 His escape was attributed partly to his own 
singular equanimity, and any to, etc. 1878 Browninc 
La Saisiaz 65 Yet is. .forbidden premature escape from time. 


also escap 


F. J. Barrren Watch § Clockm, 62 * cock is 
og a FJ. that su pA rend of ames wheel 
and pallet staff ar! Ibid. 68 When the v - an 

‘OLE- 


escape pinion of 6, use an escape pinion of 7. 
RIDGE fas Aegine oS perflu steam ioe He the 
esca ..of a lating machine. UXLEY 
Phystgr: a The com, of steam wie or = 
from .. the i asteam-engine, 1 

g/t Acute shaft fais the requirements of the 


a eee ee end toghed ax ia 
Fy. Barra Watch @ Clockm, 3B The "escape wheel is 
hard brass. 


Escape (éskép), sd.2 Arch. [a. Fr. escape, 
earlier esca, (Godef.), ad. L. se 3 see 
Scare 2,] perly, the shaft of a column; but 
(through confusion with Escape sd.1) explained in 
Dicts. as = APOPHEGY. 


Parker Gloss. Archit, (1875) 109 Escape, term used 
Fon haben for Apophyge. Op Weae Dict. Terms, 
Escape, the scape of a column in architecture, 


ESCAPE. 


Escape (éskéi:p), v. Forms: a. 4-5 eschape, 
6 Sc. eschaip, echap. See also AcHAPE, As- 
CHAPE, CHAPE, SCHAPE. B. (4 esscape, ?5 es- 
kepe, 6 eskape), 4- escape. See also AScaPE, 
Artscape, Orscarr, Scape. [ME. eschafe is a. 
Central OF. eschaper (mod.F. échapper), and ME. 
escape is a. ONF. escaper (mod. Picard écaper), 
corresp. to Pr., Sp., Pg. escapar, It. scappare :— 
late L. type *excappare, f. ex out+cappa cloak. 
(For the sense, Diez compares Gr, éxdvec@ac to 
put off one’s clothes, to escape.) The earliest 
forms recorded in Eng. appear to be ASCAPE (after 
the ONF. variant ascafer) and the aphetic Scape, 
which occur in 13th c.; the former survived until 
16th c.; the latter continued in ordinary use until 
17th c., and as a poetic archaism (often written 
*scape) is still exflayed In 14th c. the forms of 
Central Fr. origin, eschage, ASCHAPE, ACHAPE, 
aphetically ScHaPE, CHAPE, are of frequent occur- 
tence, esp. in northern writers, while in southern 
use the forms from Northern Fr., escafe, ASCAPE, 
ScaPE, were more common. After 15th c. the 
former type is found only in Sc. writers, finally 
disappearing in 17th c. The forms ArscaPE, 
OrscaPE, occasional in 13-14th c., appear to be 
due to a confusion of the initial a- in ascafe with 
the prepositional prefix in synonymous Eng. vbs. 

In Fr. the vb. échapper has always remained intransitive. 
The development of the trans. senses in Eng. was assisted 
by the formal coincidence of the dative and the accusative ; 
cf. also such constructions as ‘ to be banished the country’. 
Formerly the vb. was often conjugated with 4e, not only 
when oe (as still sometimes a7c%.) but also when tran- 
sitive, 

1. zntr. To gain one’s liberty by flight; to get 
free from detention or control, or from an oppres- 
sive or irksome condition. Const. from, * of, 


out of. 

a. [1292 BriTTON 27 Si il le face si negligaument garder 
ge il a J. ¢1340 Cursor M. 5277 (Fairf.) Vnnebe es- 
chaped I [Joseph, from the pit]. 1490 Caxton Exeydos 
xxxli, (1890) 120 And alle thus eschaped dedalus oute of the 
pryson o! bee ee kynge of Crete. 

- ¢€1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 201 Pat of his anguys 
grim so lightly was escaped. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2643 
Hypermestre, Thow nescapist nought Out of my paleis, or 
that thou be deed. c1392 — Compl. Venus 50 For tescape 
[MS. 7. teschape] oute of youre lace. 1529 More Com/. 
agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1243/1 Such sure watch layd vpon 
him that he cannot eskape. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. w. ii. 
73 He might put on a hat, a muffler, and a kerchiefe, and 
so escape. 1722 WotLaston Relig. Nat. ix. 216 That it 
once had an inhabitant, and that he is escaped out of it. 
1828 Scorr F. M. Perth xx, How we shall prevent the 
guilty person from escaping in the interim. 1841 Lane 
Arab. Nts. 1. 91 The beast also escaped from before his 
eyes in the desert. b A 

b. Of organisms, fluids, etc.: To issue, find 
egress, from some confining envelope or enclosure. 

c1450 Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthb. (Surtees) 4263 All pe 
bolnyng was eschaped. 1825 Nicnotson Oferat. Mechanic 
159 There is a cloth hood. .to prevent the finer particles of 
flour from escaping. 1839 Topp Cycl. Anat. II. 409/2 The 

oung escape fully formed through stomachal orifice. 1849 
Mrs. SomERVILLE Connex. Phys. Sc. xxxii. 362 Common 
electricity escapes when the pressure of the atmosphere 
is removed. 1882 Garden 18 Mar. 189/2 At the time of 
flowering the leaves are only escaping from their buds. 

ce. Of time: To slip away. rare. 

1836 Marrvat Faphet Ixxix, After two delightful hours 
had escaped, I returned home to the hotel. 

+2. trans. To effect one’s flight from (prison) ; 
to free oneself from (a person’s grasp or control); to 
get safely out of (painful or dangerous conditions). 

* 1340, ee, Rad Conse. pipe Pan may he exchape 
an se light! jitter payn of purgatory. 1375 Bar- 
Bove Bruce it YP tauld the 8 than hale the cas, 
And how that he eschapyt was. ; : 

. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 36 How they the prison might 
escape [in which they were then confined]. c1430 Syr Ge- 
ner. (Roxb.) 593 Suffre he shal Y travaile, And wele 
escape it he Sf 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 228 The 
most tender.. Plants did outlive and escape those rigorous 
seasons, ag oat P.L. wu. 14 Thee I re-visit now with 
bolder wing, Escap’t the Stygian Pool. f 

b. To issue unawares or involuntarily from (a 
person, his lips); to be uttered inadvertently by. 

Perhaps the obj. was originally dative, in which case this 
use belongs historically to sensex. Cf. Fr. é2 lud est échappé 
une sottise. 

a. 2a 1400 Morte Arth, 1020 That the no wordez eschape, 
whate so be-tydez. 

B. 1823 Lams Zia Ser. 1. xix, (1865) 372 But his sea 
songs seldomer escape him. 1836 J. Granr Random Re- 
coll. Ho. Lords xv. 366 Never did personality, or anything 
cal iatory of an opp escape his lips. 1846 Ruskin 
Mod. Paint. 1.1. 1. i. § 5 The feeling and fondness which I 
have for some works of modern art escape me sometimes 
where they should not, 1870 E. Peacock Radf Skiré, III. 
1gt No word of courtesy escaped his lips. y 

3. intr. To get off safely when pursued or im- 
perilled; to avoid capture, punishment, or any 
threatened evil; to go unhurt or unpunished. 

a. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 139 Pai eschape with- 
outen harme of body. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 
36 Quha can eschaip? beac Presumption of gods 
mercie to echap for sinne vnpunisched.  _ 

B. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 122 3if any lewed man 


283 


laid hand opon clerk .. He suld not escape. 1340 Cursor 
M. 23322 (Fairf.) pai ar escapid of pat care. c 1386 CHAUCER 
Monk's T. 65. ut swich a reyn doun fro the welkne 
shadde That slow the fyr and made hym to escape. 1398 
Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xxv. (1495) 362 Whan nyght 
comyth vpon theim that ben in peryll of wracke, vnethe they 
may escape. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 12. § 1 Somtime 
their offences. .escape vg prey 1590 SPENSER J. Q. 11. 
v. 14 Yet not escaped from the due reward Of his bad 
deedes, which daily he increast. 161x Bite Acts xxvii. 44 
‘They escaped all safe to land. 1618 Donne Sermz. cxliii. 
V. 560 He may escape with his life. 165: Hossrs Leviath. 
1. xxvii. 155 Death, from which he sees not how to escape. 
1725 Watts Logic (J.), Laws are not executed, men of 
virtue are disgraced, and murderers escape. 1881 P. Brooxs 
Candle of Lord 270 There are many troubles from which it 
is better for a man not to escape than to escape wrongly. 
+b. To recover from dangerous sickness. Ods. 

Cf. Fr. échapper, ‘se tirer d’une maladie, guérir’ (Littré). 

1464 Paston Lett. No. 490 II. 160 He is ded, or ellys 
ryght seke and not lyke to eskape. 1479 /bid. No. 836 
III. 251 My grandam is dyssessed..Myn uncle had a mes- 
senger 3esterday that she shuld not escape. 

4. trans. To get clear away from (pursuit or a 
pursuer) ; to elude (a person’s grasp) ; to succeed 
in avoiding (anything painful or unwelcome). 

a. @1340 Hampore Psalter xxxiii. 14 Turnynge fra ill 

eschapis dampnacioun. 1450 SomNeR in Four C. Eng. 
Lett. 4 If he myght eschape the daunger of the Towr he 
should be saffe. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. (1873) 17, I hef 
rehersit thir vordis, in hope to eschaipt the detractione of 
invyful gramariaris. 1552 App. HAMILTON Catech. (1884) 25 
That ye may eschaip the dangerous thirldome and captivite 
of the devil. 
. 1393 Gower Conf III. 35 He may nought the deth 
escape. 1514 Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 
p. lv, If the court were close continually Some men should 
escape great payne and misery. @1547 Surrey neid 
ut. 1054 Thrice did my hands vain hold th’ image escape. 
1559 Mirr. Mag., Worcester xi, Shall not eskape Gods ven- 
geaunce. 1578 [imme Calvix on Gen. 205 They might know 
that they were escaped a thousand deaths. 1597 DanieEL 
Civ. Wares (1609) vu. 16 His owne person eagerly pur- 
su’d Hardly (by Boate) escap’t the multitude. 1669 Sturmy 
Mariner's Mag. Ciiij, Ina Work of this Nature it is im- 
possible to escape Mistakes. 1751 Jonnson Rambler No. 
96 P14 Truth was easily escaped by the oblique and desul- 
tory movements .. which Falsehood always practised. 1751 
Jortin Sern. (1771) I. iii. 45 He seems to have escaped 
suspicion. 1870 L’EstranGe Miss Mitford I. vy. 120 They 
cannot expect to escape being laughed at. 

5. To elude (observation, search, etc.) ; to elude 
the notice of (a person). Also adsol. 

1594 Hooker £ccl. Pol. u. vii. (1611) 72 Many things 
escape them. @1668 Dennam (J.), Tis still the same, al- 
though their airy shape All but a quick poetick sight es- 
cape. 1670 Cotton Lsfernon Pref., This History may 
suffer .. by the Faults escap’d the Press, 1698 LupLow 
Mem. 1. 122 Things..so well conceeal’d that they escaped 
the Search of the Enemy. 171r Appison Sect. No. 129 
? 3, I.. have leisure to make many Observations that escape 
the Notice of my Fellow-Travellers, 182x J. Q. Abas in 
Davies Metr. Syst. ui. (1871) 174 It cannot escape observ- 
ation, that, etc. 1847 L. Hunt Yar Honey Pref. 12 How 
came Shakspeare to let such a subject escape him? 1860 
TyNpaALt Glace. 1. xxxii. 416 A fact, the significance of which 
had previously escaped me. 

b. To elude (a person’s recollection). 

1696 Hope tr. Solleysel’s Mareschal 4 Lest it might have 
escaped my memory, I here set it down. 1865 Dickens 
Mut. Fr.1. ii, The name of which escapes me. Mod. The 
matter quite escaped my memory. 

Escapee (eskapz'). [f. Escape v.+-ru.] One 
who has escaped; esp. an escaped convict from 
a penal settlement. 

1875-6 W. Wuitman Mew. War 40 Southern Escapees. 
1880 Melbourne Argus 22 July 2/3 The 10 New Caledonia 
escapees..are to be handed over to the French consul. 1884 
Manch. Guard. 9 Sept. 5 Some of the worst crimes have 
been committed in the colonies by escapees. 

Escapeful (éskzi-pful), a. [f. Escarx sd. or v. 
+-FUL.] Giving a chance of escape. 

1883 Lougut. Mag. Aug. 367 Is there no help at all... and 
no escapeful way ? 

Escapeless (éskéiplés), a. [f. as prec. + 
-LESS.] Without escape; that cannot be escaped. 

1855 Tait’s Mag. XXII. 552 It presses with all the weight 
of an escapeless fate. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. 1v. xv. 
§ 5 A chasm as utterly hopeless and escapeless as any into 
which Dante gazed. 7 

Escapement (ésképmént). See also ScarE- 
MENT. [f. ESCAPE v.+-MENT ; app. first in sense 2 
after Fr. échappement.] 

1. The action of escaping. rare. 

1824 Hoop Two Swans iv, Hope can spy no golden gate 
For sweet escapement. 1864 Sata in Daily Tel. 19 Oct., 
Wilmington, the last avenue of escapement left open to the 
beleaguered South. 

A means of escape; an outlet. 

1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 327 He allowed her 
to go her own way, as the best escapement of a frenzy. 1857 
Livincstone Trav. iii. 67 This little arm would prove a 
convenient escapement to prevent inundation, 1876 Gro. 
Euiot Dan. Der. 1. xi. 209 The archery ball.. was not an 
escapement for youthful high spirits. 

2. Watch and Clock-making. In a watch or 
clock, the mechanism which intervenes between 
the motive power and regulator, and which alter- 
nately checks and releases the train, thus causing 
an intermittent impulse to be given to the regulator. 

Escapements are of various kinds, as the anchor-, chrono- 
meter., crown-, dead-beat-, lever-, etc., escapement, 

[The Fr. échappement (in quot. 1801 anglicized as echape- 


ESCARP. 


ment) occurs, as a current term in a paper dated 1716 
printed in Machines approuvées par l’ Académie (1735) 11. 
933 the etymological reference is to the regulated ‘escape’ 
of the toothed wheel from its detention by the pallet. The 
earliest instances of the word in Eng. are in the form Scare- 
MENT, though at the period to which they belong the verb 
Scare was already archaic in general sense.] 

[1739 Phil. Trans. XLI. 126 The teeth of the swing wheel 
would scape free of the pallets. 1755 Bosley’s Patent No. 
698, 4 Scapement. 1766 Cumminc Clockmaking Index, 
Scapement is the means by which the action of the wheels 
is applied to maintain vibration.] 1779 CHampers Cycé. 
(ed. Rees), Escapement, see Scapement. 1801 J. Jones tr. 
Bygge's Trav. Fr. Rep. xvi. 384 Breguet, the famous watch- 
maker, has discovered a new echapement. 1825 J. NicHot- 
son Operat. Mechanic 514 From the .. description of the 
several parts of the escapement .. it will be easy to see the 
mode of its action. 1880S, P. THompson in Nature XXI. 
398 Models of every form of escapement. 

transf. 1858 O. W. Hoimes Aut. Breakf.-t. (1865) 73 
Death alone can..silence at last the clicking of the terrible 
escapement we have carried so long beneath our wrinkled 
foreheads. 

b. attrib., as in escapement-wheel, 

1830 Kater & Larpner Mech. xiv. 194 From the action 
of the pallets in checking the motion of the wheel and 
allowing its teeth alternately to escape, this has been called 
the escapement wheel. 

Escaper (éské!paz). 
One who escapes. 

1611 Biste 2 Kizugs ix. 15 marg., Let no escaper goe. 1 
Lytton K. Arthur v. ci, The bright escaper ries a ta | 
of grief. 1890 Temple Bar July 331 He dropped his robe 
and veil, and appeared before them as the famed escaper. 

Escaping (éské*pin), vd/. sd. [f. Escare v.] 
The action of the vb. Escape. Also attrid. 

1325 Coer de L. 2122 The messengers went out ful 
swythe; Of their escaping they were blithe. 1571 GoLpInG 
Calvin on Ps. v.g That God should .. open him an escaping 
place. 1650 Be. Jer. Taytor un. Sermon 14 Such escap- 
ings we must reckon to be an extraordinary fortune. 1856 
Mrs. Brownine Aur. Leigh v. 20 The great escaping of 
ecstatic souls. 

Escaping (éské'pin), Af/. a. [f. as prec. + 
-InG2.] That escapes ; in the senses of the vb. 

1870 Daily News 15 Nov., I have not heard of the escaping 
English. 1884 Pad/ Mal/G. 6 Sept. 10/1 They were deluged 
by fhe escaping water. 

Hence Esca'pingly adv., in an escaping 
evasively. 

@ 1631 Donne Paradoxes (1652)63 To Speak Oraculously, 
whisperingly, generally, and therefore Escapingly. 

Escar(e, obs. form of Escuar. 

Escarbuncle (éskaubynk’l). Her. 
escarboucle. [a. OF. escarbuncle, Fr. 
boucle : see CARBUNCLE.] = CARBUNCLE 2, 

1572 BossEWELL Arvwiorie uu. 26b, Beareth quarterly 
Golde, and Gules, an Escarboucle Pometté. 1610 GuiLtim 
Heraldry mi. vi. (1660) 126 The Escarbuncle is of most use 
in Armes. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury. 39/1 An Escarbuncle 
..is a kind of precious Stone. 1864 BouTELL Heraldry Hist. 
§ Pop. xix. § 4. 304 Badges : Henry II..an Escarbuncle. 

|| Escarrgatoire. Ods. vare—'. [Misspelling of 
F. escargotiére, (or a dial. synonym), f. escargot 
snail.] A place for rearing snails. 

1705 Appison /taly 473 Escargatoire..a square Place 
boarded in, and filled with a vast quantity of large Snails. 
1755 in JoHNson; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Esca‘rmouche, sd. Ods. Forms: 5 escar- 
missh, 6 escharmouch, -mousch, 9g (Scott) es- 
caramouche. [a. Fr. escarmouche = Pr. escar- 
mussa, Sp. escaramuza, It. scaramuccta; see SKIR- 
MISH.] A skirmish ; also fig. a fit of anger. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 13 After many assautes and grete escar- 


[f. Escape v. + -ER 1] 


manner ; 


Also 6 


escar- 


misshes. 1549 Comp. Scot. ix. (1872) 79 The atheniens and 
ther allya .. assailjet the persans be escharmouchis and in- 
cursions. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tint. 843/1 What 


shall wee say when a man is olde, and shoulde haue passed 
all those escharmouches. 1820 Scotr Mozast. xxxvii, Such 
of the men as have escaped this escaramouche, 

+ Esca‘rmouche, v. Ods. Also 6 eschar- 
mousch. [a, Fr. escarmoucher, f. escarmouche: 
see prec.] a. zztr. To skirmish. b. ¢rans. To 
skirmish with ; to engage. 

1549 Compl. Scot. ix. (1872) 78 Leonides. .escharmouschit 
xerxes gryt armye, and sleu tuenty thousand persuns. 1560 
Daus tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 258 He had hearde only of a 
fewe Spaniardes, that laye therin garrison, and them wold 
he haue prouoked to escarmouche. 

Escarp (éskaup), sd. Fortif. [a. Fr. escarpe, 
ad. It. scarfa. Cf. Scarp.] 

1. §A steep bank or wall immediately in front 
of and below the rampart .. generally the inner 
side of the ditch’ (Adm. Smyth). 

1688 J. S. Fortification 27 The Escarpe or Slope of the 
Ditch next to the wall. 18zx WeLLINGTON in Gurw. Disp. 
VIII. 12 The enemy had cleared the rubbish from the 
bottom of the escarp. 1853 Sir H. Doucias Mil. Bridges 
338 The crest of the exterior slope, or escarp. : 

2. transf. A natural formation of a similar kind. 

1856 Kane Arct. Exf/. II. vii. 81 These shelves .. pre- 
sented distinct and recognisable embankments or escarps of 
elevation. 1868 Sir R. Napier Dis. on Capture of Mag- 
dala 12 May, Sir Charles Staveley effected an entrance .. 
through a difficult crevice in the rocky escarps. 

Escarp (éska-up), v. [ad. Fr. escarger, f. es- 
carpe; see prec. The aphetic form Scarp is the 
more usual.] ¢vavs. To make into an escarp, to cut 
or form into a steep slope ;. to furnish with scarps. 

1728 G. CARLETON Jew, 100 The Glacis = all escarp’d 

-2 


ESCARPMENT. 
be the live Rock. 1852 clan Geman 265 Carried 
the mountain-side by a track in the rock 
itself. 1855 Bawey 47; ag 69 The angels wrought the 
mountains, bulk ton Pon Ik, And chain by chain, serrated or 
escarped. ard Sy Febs fe Billoves af larch washed 
and Rsspea bs by ancient seas. 


Hence Esca‘rped Af/. a., cut out in the form of 
an escarp. 

1853 Kane Grinnell yeh vi. (1856) 48 The dike .. 
up... into escarped terraces nearly 1400 feet h. 
Jerxson ‘Brittany y v. 47 The escarped rock upon w 
were contracted. 

Escarpment (éskaupmént). [ad. Fr. escarpe- 
ment, {. escarper: see prec.] The condition of 
being 3 hence concer. 

1. Ground cut into the form of an escarp for the 
purpose of fortification. 

Lease f aiandaep Dict., Escarpment: see Declivity. 1847 
Disrae.i Tancred vi. i, The living rock .. formed the im- 
pregnable bulwarks and og ony 1860 Russet Diary 
India 1858-9 I. 82 The old Porto Batavo walls still sur- 
round the town, with moat and escarpments. 1882 Luck 
of Ladysmede 1. 93 From which a natural escarpment 
swept down towards the river. 

2. Geol. ‘The abrupt face or cliff of a ridge or 
hill range’ (Page). Also ey 

1813 Baxewe tt /utrod. Geol. (1815) 70 It - only on the 
sides of the nearly perpendicula r 's and escarpments 
that the bare rock i is visible. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. viii. 
(1852) 165 The view is generally bounded by the ment 
of another plain. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 23 seins 
of New Red Sandstone and Lias, succeeded by two 5 
escarpments, the edges of table-lands. 1880 HAUGHTON Sans 
Geog. v. 216 The western, or Libyan chain, is merely the 
escarpment edge of the plateau of the Sahara. 

b. trans. 

1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. viii. (1856) 56 A naked escarp- 
ment of ice, twelve hundred feet hi i, 1856 WHITTIER 
Panorama 2 [The] long escarpment of half-crumbled wall. 

+ Escarteled, escartelee, z. Her. Obs. 
[ad. and a. OF. escartelé, pa. pple. of escarteler 
(mod.F. écarteler) to break into quarters = Pr. 
esquartelar, f. es- (:—L. ex out) + med.L. guartellus, 
dim. of guartus fourth.] 

1. Quartered or quarterly. 

1730-6 Baitey (folio) Zscartelé. 
Evvin Dict. Her. 

| 2. Having a square notch. 

‘This sense is app. due to a misunderstanding of some sort. 
The Fr. writers on heraldry (e.g. Palliot 1664) recognize 
crotx escartelée only as meaning a cross divided by lines 
along the middle of each arm: this is ee 1.) 

1688 R. Horme Armoury. iii. 19 Escartelee, that is, 
when the streight line is cut off in the middle with a perfect 
Square. Jbid.21 A Chief Escartelee. Jbid.1. v. 47 Some 

1 it a cross escartalled, couped : as if it had only a nick 
or notch .. sawed into the four ends of it. /did. 1. ix. 92 A 
Cross Patee escarteled. [Hence in mod, Dicts.] 

-escent, suffix, forming adjs., repr. L. -éscent- 
em, the ending of pr. pples. of vbs. in -éscére, 
chiefly inceptives, f. vbs. of state in -ére. Pri- 
marily occurring in words ad. L. pples., as de/é- 
quescent, eee obsolescent, putrescent, where 
the general sense is ‘ beginning to assume a certain 
state’. Hence in recent times the suffix has been 
used (both in Eng. and in other European langs.) 
to form adjs. upon sbs., as in alkalescent (? after 
acescent), and in several words referring to play 
of light or colour, as fluorescent, iridescent, opal- 
escent, phosphorescent. 

Esch, obs. Sc. form of AsH sé.1 

1513 Douctas “Eneis x1. iii. 80 The hie eschis soundis 
thare and here, For dyntis rude of the scharp stelyt ax. 

|| Esch, The German name for the grayling; 
in some Dicts. treated as Eng. 

1658 HooLe Comenius’ Vis. World xxxiv. 71 Others of 
this sort are ..the Barbel, the Esch [orig. der Esch], the 
ae 1753 CHAMBERS Cycl. Su, we er . a name given, 

Hildegard and others, to the we call the grayling. 
tte some mod, Dicts.] 

Eschalot (efalgt). [ad. Fr. eschalotte (now 
échalotte), dim. of eschaloigne ESCALLION.] = 
SHALLOT. 

1707-12 Latah — ! .), Eschalots are now from 
France become an — it. 1750 E. Smrrn Compi. 
Housewife (ed. 14) 37 Take ons horse radish, one or two 

lots, etc. 1755 Jounson, Eschalot. Pronounced 
1858 Genny Gard. Every oy Synth nt 48) Eschalots 
may still be planted, if not already in 

Hechange : obs. var. ExchaNce. 

EA Eschansonnery. Obs. [a. OF r. eschanson- 
nerie, {. eschanson :—med.L. scancton-em, ad. Teut. 
*skankjon- cupbearer, butler ( = OE. scgnca).] 
The butlery. 

1514 Rutl. Papers (Camden) 26 Eschansonnery celler. In 


wyn iiij septiers. 
|| Eschantillon, Ods. rare—. [F. eschantillon 
A fragment, 


(now échantillon) ; cf. SoanTLine. 
este hig specimen. Papen ts q 

bg ‘ore Let, R. D. , damore, whose 
chert Eschantillon of fyb ohog a ppt of a page) I value. 
Eschar (e'ska1). Path. Forms: 6-7 asker, 
(6 ascher, askar), 6-8 escar(e, 6 eschare, 
eskarre, 7 escarre, (esker), 7- eschar. [ad. 
(partly through Fr. eschare) L. eschara, a. Gr. 
écxdpa lit. ‘ hearth’, hence mark of a burn. The 


rising 
1859 


1775 in AsH. 1889 in 


284 
Fr. word was at an earlier period adopted aphetic- 


ally as scarre, Scar!.] : 

ns deacon of ng pt =a 

the destruction of a ei y gangrene 
t . Soc, Les.) ; 


burn, Gade Satie (Syd. 
a 


Chirurg. he After sation Pier 
pean Atay epee ner gpg gael 1582 Hester 
Secr. Phiorav. 1. vii. 8 You maie not pues an 
vntill such tyme as it falleth out of h: 1607 TorsELL 


ben of Beasts (1673) 313 Bind it thereto for three days, in 
space you see a white asker on the sore. 
Coco, etc., Riverius tv. vii. 119 When the Eschar 
off, they will bleed in. ¢1720 W. Gisson Farrier’s Guide 
IL *Xlviit (17 ) 182 It does not form anything like an Escar. 
pig opt vans. ae, Se ee tongue alone was the seat 
1807 Med. Frni. XVII. 223, I 
conteelaed ia oe wound by 1 means of burning tinder — 
an eschar was produced about the size of a shilling. 
H. Rocers Orig. Bible 286 In the eschar poe 
cautery no nerve thrills. 

+ b. transf. Obs. 

1709 Phil. Trans. XXVI1.379 —— Flame of common Fire 
«.ts able to reduce it [I sail to an Eschar or sort of Rust. 
1727 BravLtey Fam. Dict. s.v. Pane Insects .. cause so 
many Escars, that the Leaves cannot avoid circling. 

t+Escharbon. Os. rare—'. [Cf. OF. escar- 
boton, escharbote, It. scarbone, f. Vulgar L. scarab-us 
(EL; scarabeus) beetle] A beetle. 

1480 Caxton Ovid’s Met. xv. iv, Escharbons ben born & 
norysshid of dede horses. 

Escharotic (eskargtik), a. and sb. Also 7 
escarotick, 7-8 escharotick. [ad. late L. eschar- 
Otic-us, a. Gr. écxapwrixds, f. éoxapa: see EScHAR. 
Cf. Fr. escharotique.} 

A. adj. Fitted or tending to form an eschar, 
caustic. 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 305 Put never one 
— or Escarotick medicine after another too soone. 

Currerrer, etc. Riverius 1, vii. 119 Burnt Vitriol . 
besttles its Escharotick quality, is good to stanch blood. 
1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 80 iis hot escharotick Quality 
makes it very hurtful to Sheep. 

B. sé. An escharotic drug ; a powerful caustic. 

Curreprer, etc. Riverius vy. vii. 119 Escharoticks. . by 
torn the mouths of the Veins, produce a Scab. 19791 
Edin, New Disp. 118 Verdegris applied externally proves 
a gentle detergent and Escharotic. 1875 H.W Watton Dis. Eye 
139 An escharotic will suffice to remove all small warts. 

So + Escharo‘tical, a. Ods. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 173 An escharoticall caustick. 

+ Evscharous, a. Oés. Also 6 escarous. [f. 
EscHAR + -ous.] Full of eschars; resembling an 
eschar ; scabby. 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. u. x. 23 Yf the ulceration 
shulde come of fier..it is escarous. 1562 BuLLeyn Déad. 
Soarnes & Chir. 17a, You maie.. often applie the same, 
untill the same come to an escharous crust or scabbe. 


Eschatological (e:skatolgdgikal), a. [f as 
next +-IC+-AL.] Of or pertaining to eschatology. 
1854 Fraser's Mag. XLIX. 713 Many of these poems 
touch on eschatological questions. 1863 Yrud. Sacr. Lit. 
Jan. 295 Eschatological notions, which he [Paul] is su 
to have borrowed at first from Judaism. 1881 E. Witson 
Egypt of the Past in Nature 24 Nov. 75 The eschatological 
notions of the period differed exc fogly from those of 
subsequent periods. 

Eschatologist (eskatplédzist). [f. next + 
-Ist,.] One who studies or treats of a. 

1877 M. Arnotp Last Ess. Ch. Pref. 29 The ideas of the 
great prophets .. are more true than the ideas of the escha- 
tologist of the book of Daniel. 

Eschatology (eskitp'lédzi). Zheol. [f. Gr. 
éoxaro-s last + -Aoyia discourse: see -LOGY; cf. 
F. eschatologie.} The department of theological 
science concerned with ‘the four last things: 
death, judgement, heaven, and hell’. 

1844 G. Busn Anastasis (es) Pref. v, Scriptural Escha- 
tolo; 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 228 The E. 
of the “Apoca and ~ ag xe 1879 Batow. Brown 
in Chr. 24 Dec. 825/3 Eschatology, the science of 
the last things, is, as a science, one of the most baseless. 

+Eschau‘fe, v. Olds. Also 4-5 eschauffe, 
eschawfe. [a. OFr. eschaufe-r, eschauffe-r: see 
AcHaFE.] rans. To heat, warm; also fig. to heat 
with passion, inflame, excite. Also ref. rd become 
hot. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth.1, v. 22 Pe sedes..ben waxen e 
came whan pe sterre sirius ex hauteh Sr rated 
PH ih Sowdle 1. xxvii. (1859) 32 fhe s eschauf- 

tho that stonde nye. a 1450 nt de la Tour x64 Tro es 
Taken mies the man or woman by sum falce delite 
vate brates appe ©1478 ee 969 a wold eschawfe 
gp Paton 39/2 By that tyme your 
Soros be eile he wyll gs well snongioe 
Tce echatea pi la. + Bschau ‘fing vd/.sb. 
fis he Boeth, w. vi. 142 pavers eschaufed in to 
hatfel of hem anoien hem. — Pars. T. ® 916 
moost 


=a Sean er oan aide thal he ay 
the wikkede escha: ges of the ordure of this synne. 
Eschaunge. var. of EXCHANGE, 


+ Eschay-. ” Obs. Se. [? repr. some deriv. of 
OF. escheoir: see Escueat ; and ef. Fr. ‘la terme 
échoit 4 la Saint-Jean a Expiry, bap eet 

1488 Act. Dom. Conc. (1839) 113/2 To com 
3eris, quhilk beand completit was in the 3ere or bed 
3eris; and the eschay of his terme at witsounday. 


ESCHEAT. 


Esche, obs. form of As!, Ask. 

Machent (euth ‘t), sb. Forms: 4-7 eschet(e, 
(4 , escheyte, 5 eshete, epchete), 5-7 
ps Be 6-7 Sc. escheit(te, 6-7 excheat(e, 

-chete, 6- escheat. See also CHEAT sb. [ME. es- 
chete, a.OF. eschete, eschaete, escheoite, n. of action 


(orig. fe pa. pple.); f. OF. escheoir (mod.F. 
dehy mlateL tecadere (clas. L. excidére) to fall 

toa ye 
L. , OF. cheotr) to fall. In continental 


the sb. meant succession, inheritance, ¢sf. collateral 
inheritance ; in England the etymological sense 
received a diferent a ion. As in many other 
w (cf. exchange) prefix es- was in the 16- 
ee ee 


1. An ‘incident’ of feudal law, whereby a fief 
reverted to the lord when the tenant died without 
leaving a successor qualified to inherit under the 
original grant. Hence, the lapsing of land to the 
Crown (in U. S., to the state), or to the lord of the 
— on the death of the owner intestate without 

eirs. 

As an attainted person, according to the doctrine of ‘ cor- 
persion of blood’ (see ATTAINDER), agen! oy we Tegal heir, 

‘io suffered escheat. This ‘ escheat or 
of bi y distinct from the ‘ere ft 


. -de eschete 
¢ 1380 Weir, Sel Wh We Rus eschel. Cage Many 


C1460 "Fortescue Abs. & Linn. "Mon = orn 
an 


as to the Kyng by cause no man hath so Fine rie 

as he. 3338 More Dedell. Salem Wks. 977/1 as a 

a mans d and winning a mans lande by eschete. 

Sevpen Laws Eng. 1. \xiv. {r730) 3 130 He forbad the st 

of the Law, that so it ie without heir, and re 

mae all ae Escheat. ny plies Comm. 1. 1. vi. 69 
wally kes lent to tenure in socage. a1862 

ks. on I. 353 Escheats were frequent 

there was no power away 


Bena if Wis 
in 
Le 1658-9 B. Diary (1828 ig 83 The righ! 
urton's Diary (1828) 183 t 
did revert by escheat to the people upon the great change. 
b. In Scotland in wider sense, incetaee Con- 
fiscation or forfeiture of property, real or personal. 
Simple escheat: the absolute forfeiture of a per- 
son’s estate ; opposed to /iferent escheat, the for- 
feiture of the profits accruing during his lifetime. 

1457 Sc. Acts Fas. II (1597) $ 75 That na na woman cum to 
kirk. .with hir face mussall sented ax wered that scho may not 
be kend, vndir the pane pe pons en ng of the courchie. 

2. concr. Pro , Teal or personal, falling by 
escheat to aa a aa or state. In quot. 1330 
eschete may * thes 

at 1330 R. Brunne Ly! Gael 244 Lk castelle and toure 

oo ig is —-, als os hangs Lanci. 

Vv. 01 re lawe, leyue men 
pet Cbg = ye om Ace. Scotl. 11 The echeuatie. - 
of thaim that React at the slauchter of Thome of Prestone. 
1577-87 HotinsHED _o IIL. 107 ora/s As | 2 As we * a 
ing excheats and wards for their 
1600 Hottann Livy 39 Sufferi bhimesife Ans all ae he 
had to fall into the Eing’s as an escheat. 1637-0 
a Hist. Kirk ee) 42) 37 Such as is put to the horn 

be a 1841 


oe 


lady for exc! 
b. collect. Rigs fund or possession uieen 
one saa Oe 
se: pete Che, 0 Chron, Glee) ap paces a men pam 
3. The right a pen peed ak sy is ty subject 
to escheat. 
1570-6 Lamsarve Peramd. Kent (1826) But as touch- 
ing the Lande, he shall neither have the ¢ of it. 3 


Shans Reversions, services, annui 
dae eicheats ec ya Witt Wrssans & ‘Real Prop. hr a 
t 
as A writ (AF. bref de ase de eschaete) now abolished, 
to recover escheats from the person 
pris Britton 54 Voloms nous ge aes fee pat nos bres de soint 
in Cowet /nterpfr. 
Be which iyeth, there the Tena having ane 
auth in any Lands or Tenements holden 
ae dyeth seised without Heir [hd 
1842 Bennate ge ie ree er they » Sir Rupert, went 
ts," ‘ bills,’ . 
o\See uots.) Obs. 
. & V. Eschete, Escheat is 
Circuit within which the King, 
or other Lord hath Escheats of his Tenants. 1736in BaiLey. 


wale 
a 
Pg 


ESCHEAT. 


others losseis bad excheat. 1609 Hottanp Amun. Marcel, 

XXvI. viii. 299 Commanded the house of Arbetio, full (as it 
was) by reason of those inestimable escheats..to be rifled 
and ransacked cleane. 

Escheat (es)t{7-t), v. Forms: see the sb. 
La. pple. Sc. 6 escheit, 8-9 escheat. (See also 
CueEat v.) [f. prec. sb.; cf. OF. eschaeter.] 

1. tvans.To make an escheat of, confiscate; to hand 
over as an escheat Zo or zzto. (Some apparent ex- 
amples of the pass. may belong to the zr. sense 2.) 

1382 Wycuir 3 Esdras vi. 32 And the goodis ofhem to the 
king be eschetid [1388 ethchetid]. 1474 Ld. Treas. Acc. 
Scotl, 67 His schip and gudis..was eschetit as the kings es- 
chete. 1548 BopruGan (Adams) Fit. King’s Title 251 

rine herupon Albania..as excheated wholy to 
hymself. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 12 a, If it [lande] be 
escheted unto the ~ = A, Mervin in Rushw. Hist. 
Cold. ut. (1692) I. 216 Their Primitive and Genuine Tenures 
escheated by Acts of State, and strangled by Monopolies. 
1687 Assur. Abb. Lands 40 It was the Opinion of the 
Justices that they were Escheated to the Lords of the Fee. 
1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. 1x. v. 275 He..escheated 
their estates into the hands of laymen. “1873 Dixon 7ivo 
Pere vi. ix, His honours lost, his lands escheated, and 

is liberty restrained. 
b. transf. and fig. 

1589 Warner Alb, Eng. v. xxviii. (1612) 141 And to his 
Coffres did escheate a world of wealth. a 1643 W. Carr- 
wricht On Christ Ch. Building, As doubtful whether ’t 
should escheated be To ruine, or redeem’d to majesty. 

2. intr. To become an escheat ; to revert by es- 
cheat to the superior lord, king, or state ; const. fo 
or stnply. Also fig. 

1531 Dial, Laws Eng. 1. vii. (1638) 13 The land shall 
escheat to the Lord of whom the Land is holden. 1596 
Svenser State [rel. Wks, (Globe) 657/2 Landes .. which 
should otherwise have escheated to her majestie. 1633 T. 
Starrorp Pac. Hib. xiy. (1821) 639 His Land should haue 
excheated unto her. 1698 Sipney Disc. Gov. i. § 19 (1704) 
42 A Kingdom so gotten may escheat for want of an Heir. 
1761 Hume Hist. ae. I. viii. 168 All baronies which es- 
cheated to the Crown were under his administration. 1848 
Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. 261 The property in case of intestacy 
should escheat to the state. 

ig. 1850 H. Corertpce Poems II. 13 Great nature’s waif, 
that must by law escheat To the liege-lord Corruption. 
+3. trans. To forfeit. Sc. Obs. 

1513-75 Diurn. Occur. (1833) 83 All thair movabill guidis 
denuke to be escheit, at the mercat croce of Edinburgh. 
1514 Barcray Cyt. § Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. lii, His 
shirt, his doublet, or bonet to excheate. 1752 J. LourHian 
Form of Process 151 All their moveable Goods and Gear, to 
be escheat and in-brought to his Majesty’s Use. 1816 Scott 
Old Mort. xxxvi, His moveable goods and gear escheat.. 
‘to his majesty’s use. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. 1. i. 49 
In 1509 persons were prevented from importing .. Books 
under penalty of escheating the same. 

4. Used (after Fr. échoir) for: To ‘fall’ to 
a person by inheritance. 

1603 Frorio Montaigne ut. ix. (1632) 541 Those that have 
beene hereditarily escheated unto them. 

Escheatable (es;t{i tab’), a. [f. prec. + -aBLx.] 
Liable to escheat. 

1611 Corcr., Escheable, escheatable. a 1626 BAcon Max. 
& Uses Com. Law 49 The Customes of Kent is that Gauil- 
kind land is not forfeitable nor Escheatable for Felonie. 
1828 in WessTeER ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Escheatage (esit{7‘tédz).  [f. Escnzar sé. or 
U. +-AGE.] e right of succeeding to an escheat. 

1611 CotGr., Escheatage, the right which a Lord hath in 
‘the land of his tenant, dying without heires of his bodie, or 
bloud. 1756 Nucent Montesquieu’s Spir. Laws U1. xxt. 
xiii. 54 In those times were established the ridiculous rights 
of escheatage and shipwrecks. 1779 State Papers in Ann. 
Reg. 435/2 Exempt from the right of escheatage. 1828 in 

EBSTER ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Escheated (es;t{z‘téd), pp/. a. Also 6 Sc. 
escheit. [f. as prec.+-ED.] Of land, etc.: That 
has reverted by escheat to the superior lord, the 
king, or the state. 

1551_Sc. Acts, Mary c. 7 The saidis escheit gudis. 
1607 Davies rst Let. Larl Salish. (1787) 233 To enquire 
of all escheated and concealed Jands in that county. 1623 
Sir T. Crew in Rushw. Hist. Cold. (1659) I. 118 You have 

le these ample Endowments of Churches out of your own 
Excheated Revenue. 1860 Forster Gr. Remonstr. 30 The 
lesser proprietors whom grants of escheated honours might 
newly have created. 

Eschearting, vé/.sd. [f. as prec. + -1NG1.] The 
action of the vb. EscuEar ; in quot. =Forfeiting. 

” ¢ 1575 Sir J. Batrour Practicks (1754) 37 It is statute and 
ordanit..that thair be na mercattis nor fairis haldin upon 
halie dayis. .under the pane of eschetting of the gudis. 

Escheator (est{z-tox). Forms: 5-6 esche- 
tour(e, exchetour, -er, 5-7 escheatour, -etor, 
exchetor, (5 echetour, eshetour, 7 excheator), 
7-8 escheater, (7 eschaetor), epcheitour, 7— 
escheator. [ME. eschetour, a. AF. eschetour, f. 
eschete: see ESCHEAT sb.] 

An officer appointed yearly by the Lord Trea- 
surer to take notice of the escheats in the county 
to which he is appointed, and to certify them into 
the Exchequer. Zscheator-general : a superintend- 
ent or chief of escheators. 

, The office having practically fallen into disuse, procedure 
in cases of escheat, is now regulated by the Escheat Pro- 
cedure Act, 1887. 

: [t292 Britton 1. ii. § 2 En office de nos Eschetours, et en 
presence de nous d. noster Si hal.J 1398 TRevisa 
Barth. De PR. x1X. cxxviii. (1495) 934 Fiscus is a comyn 


285 


sacke or a bagge in whiche the Eschetour and rente gaderers 
put the comyn dette and custome that is payed to kynges. 
1463 Mann. ae. Exp. (1841) 187 Edward be the 
grace of God Kyng of Yngland. .to alle sryftes, mayrys, es- 
cheatours. etc. 1g00 Plumpton Corr. 147 Ralfe Sauche- 
vereth of Hopwell is eschetour of Notinghamshire and 
Derby. 1593 Norven Spec. Brit, Msex & Heris.u.1 It 
({Herts.] was annexed to Essex. And one Sheriffe supplied 
both Counties, and did also one Eschetor. 1667 E. CHAMBER- 
LAYNE St. Gt. Brit. 1. uw. ix. (1743) 78 The Lord Treasurer 
hath the nomination of the Escheators in eve county. 
x755 Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 375 He had got into the service 
of one Kenny escheator general of the kingdom [of Ire- 
land]. 1827 Hatta Const. Hist. (1876) I. i. 15 The King’s 
title was to be found by the inquest of a jury, summoned at 
the instance of the eocheator. 

Hence Eschea‘torship, the office of escheator. 

_e Act. 13 Eliz. c. 4. § 13 His Office of Sheriffwick, 
Escheatorship or Bailiffwick. ~ 1887 19th Cent. XXII. 789 
When he applied for the escheatorship, he informed Lord 
Castlereagh that he intended to have his seat transferred to 
Mr. Balfour. 

Eschecker, -cheker(e, obs. ff. ExcHEQUER. 

Eschel (e‘fél). [a. Ger. eschel, dim. of esche 
ashes.] +a. (See quot. 1753.) Obs. b. The 
third quality of powder blue. 

[1726 Lincxiusin Phil. Trans. XX X1V. 2027 um ad separa- 
tionem pulveris illius cinerei albicantis levioris, quem Eschel 
appellant.] 1753 CuamBers Cycl. Supp., Eschel, a term 


used by the smalt workers, to express a sort of grey sub- 
stance resembling ashes, which is usually mixed with the 
smalt when in fusion. This is carefully separated from it, 
before it is powdered for use, otherwise it would debase the 
colour, 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 874 s. v. Cobalt, In commerce, 
smalts are classified both according to their contents in 
cobalt, and the size of the grain, the following being the chief | 
marks. .[e.g.]O. E. Ordinary Eschel. Ordinary indicates the 
relative quantity in cobalt..Eschel the state of division. 


+ Eschele. Ods. Also 4 eschel, 5 eschelle. 
[a. OF. eschele (mod.F. échelle), eschiele, believed 
to be an altered form of eschzere, corresp. to It. 
schiera, of Teut. origin: cf. OHG. skava (MHG. 
schar, Ger. schaar).] A troop, squadron (of sol- 
diers) ; rarely a company (of travellers). 

x Arth. & Merl. 7580 With xv thousand in on eschele. 
1375 Barsour Bruce vi. 218 In twa eschelis ordanit he 
had The folk that he had in leding. ¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. 
vu, xl, 155 Pe worthy men Dare Folk. .arayid pen, And delt 
pame in-til Eschelis thre. c1460 Towneley Myst. 47 (Jacob 
og.) Rachelle, stand thou in the last eschelle. 

+Eschellett. Ods. Also 6 eschellit. [a. 
OF. eschellette, mod.F. échelette, dim. of échelle 
ladder.] A small ladder. 

1578 in T. Thomson Javentories (1815) 256 (Jam.) Ane 
eschellit schod with yron without ane bolt. “d7d. 258 Ane 
eschellett schod without ane bolt. 

+ Eschend, pa. pple. of 3e-schenden: see ISCEND. 

c1375 X/ Pains of Hell 343 in O. E. Misc. 221 Cursid 
dedis makis men al day eschend. 

Eschenite, var. form of ASscuynire. 

Eschequer, obs. form of ExcuEQurr. 

Eschete, obs. form of Escueat. 

+ Escheve, v. Ods. Forms: 4-6 eschew(e, 
escheve, (4escheffe, Gesschef ). [a.OF .escheve-r, 
corrupt form of achever: see ACHIEVE.] 

1. trans. To bring to a successful issue, accom- 
plish; = AcHIEVE I. 

1375 Barsour Bruce m1. 283 Gret thingis eschewyt he 
[Cesar], As men may in his story se. ¢ 1500 Lancelot 222 
Aduentur is non so gret to pref..nor 3he sal it eeacheh 
3533 Lp. Berners Huon xx. 57 God ayde you to eschew 
& to fornyshe thys grete besynes. E 

2. To succeed in gaining ; to gain ; = ACHIEVE 5a. 

1520 Calisto §& Melibea in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 77 To enjoy 
your youth. . For that time pleasures are most escheved. 

8. zntr. To gain one’s end ; const. of or simply ; 
= ACHIEVE 6. 

¢1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Mathou 321 To sanct mathow son 
went he, Wenand be hym wele til eschewe. /did., Eugenia 
533 He had eschewit of his wil, Or ony helpe had cumyne 
hir til. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2301 Lappede them in lede, 
lesse that they schulde Chawnge or chawffe, 3if bay myghte 


escheffe. f 

+ Eschevin. Oés. Variant of EcHEvin, q.v. 

1670 Corton Esfernon i. 11.49 TheEschevins of Paris. 1756 
Nuaent Gr. Tour, Netheri. 1.85 The eschevins or aldermen 
form a court of justice here as in every town. 

+ Eschew’, sd. Ods. [f. Escurw v.1; cf. OF. 
escheu, eschui of similar formation.] The action 
of keeping clear; avoidance (of danger). 

a154r Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 158 So fareth love.. The 
first eschew is remedy alone. 

+Eschew’, 2. Ols. Also 4 eschiewe, 4-5 
eschu(e. [a. OF. eschieu (nom, eschzf), corresp. to 
Pr. eschiu, Sp. esguivo, It. schivo:—Com. Romanic 
*shivo, of Teut. origin: cf. OHG. *sciwh (MHG. 
schiech, mod.Ger. scheu), OE. scéoh SHY.] 

1. Disinclined, loth, unwilling. Const. of or ¢o 
with zuf- 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. T. ® 897 He pat ofte falleth in synne 
. is the moore eschew [v, ». eschewe, eschue, eschiewe] for 
to shryuen hym. ¢ 1386 — Merch. 7. 568 To eten hem alle 
henas no thyng eschu[v. ~. eschewe, eschwe]. 1393 GowER 
Conf. 11.286 She is escheue of bothe two. @ 1420 Hoccteve 
De Reg. Princ. 136 Vertu So excellent, that to feble is my 
witte To expresse it; wherfore I am eschu To medle, or 
make a long sermoun of itte. - ie 

2. ? Objectionable, to be avoided. : 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 528 Dounge of foules is ful 


ESCHEW. 


necessarie To lond tillynge; yit gooses dounge eschew is. 
bid. 1. 586 Her taste is eke eschewe In places weet. 

Eschew (es;t{z), v.. Forms: 4-6 escheve 
(?escheue), eschewe, (4 ech-, esshue, etchewe, 
isschewe, 4-5 eschef, eschiewe, -uwe, ep- 
chewe, 5 escheu, eshew, 6 escue, estchue, 
as-, estew(e, -iew), exchew(e, (4 exschew, 
6 exchue, -tue), 4-7 eschu(e, 4~ eschew. [a. 
OF. eschiver, eschever (also in other conjuga- 
tions, as eschevoir, eschivir, eschivre), corresp. to 
Pr., Sp., Pg. esguivar, It. schivare (whence prob. 
mod.I}’, esguzver to dodge, the retention of the s 
being otherwise anomalous) :—Common Romanic 
*skivare, f. *skivo: see prec.; cf. OHG. sciuhen, 
MHG, schiuhen, schiuwen, mod.Ger. scheuen to 
dread, avoid, shun; also Eng. Suy v.J 

1. trans. To avoid, shun. 

ta. To avoid, keep clear of, escape (a danger 
or inconvenience). Rarely with clause as obj. 

¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Mathias 205 [A sone] pat scho, til 
eschewe destiny, Ine a cophyne kest ine pe se. c1460 For- 
TESCUE Ads, § Lim, Mon. (1714) 105 To eschewe thees two 
Harmes, hyt may than be advised, etc. 1514 BarcLay 
Cyt. & Uplondyshm, (Percy Soc.) 1 Pastoures .. drawe to 
cotes for to eschewe the colde. 1526 TiNDALE 2 Cor. viii. 
20 Thus we eschue thatt eny man shulde rebuke us in this 
aboundance. ¢1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 
17 To exchewe therby the displeasure of my lorde, 1598 
Suaxs. Merry W. v. v. 251 What cannot be eschew’d, must 
be embrac'd. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. iv. 61 To eschew 
tediosness, [I] shall transcribe what Dr. Jorden hath written. 
1721 St. German's Doctor & Stud. 60 To eschew that in- 
convenience that Statute was made. 

tb. To ‘fight shy of’, avoid (a place) ; to stand 
aloof from (a person). Ods. 

1377 Lanct. P. Pl. B. vt. 55 Suche men eschue. 1413 
Lype. Pilger. Sow/e w. iii. (1483) 59 The quene of Saba .. 
eshewed it [that brydge] and took another wey. ©1450 
Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 160 Fra pen 
forthe sho forhewed Pe kynges presence, and it eschewed. 
1553 T. Witson Ret. 2 Beware .. of straunge woordes, as 
thou wouldest take hede and eschewe greate rockes in the 
sea. 1621 Burton Anat, Med. ui. ii. vi. iii. (1651) 564 
A woman a man may eschue, but not a wife. 

¢. To abstain carefully from, avoid, shun (an 


| action, a course of conduct, an indulgence, an 


article of food or drink, etc.). The current sense: 
+ Formerly with obj.-inf. preceded by /o. 

JOHNSON 1755 notes the word as ‘almost obsolete’; it is 
now not uncommon in literary use. 

1340-70 Alex. § Dind. 100r But al pat badde is for a burn 
here abouen erpe, Huo so hab chaunce to echue & chese 
the betture. 1375 Lay Molks Mass-bk. (MS. B.) 358 Gyue 
me grace for to etchewe to do bing bat me shuld rewe. 
1388 Wyctir 2 77m. ii. 16 Eschewe thou vnhooli and veyn 
spechis. c1450 Myrc 28 Grete othes thow moste enchewe. 
1509 Hawes Yoyful Medit. 20'Vhey may extue For to do 
wronge, 1535 CoveRDALE /’s. xvii. 23, I. .will eschue myne 
owne wickednes. 1637 Eart Stirtinc Doomesday gth Hour 
(R.), These curious doubts which good men doe eschew Make 
many atheists. 1656 RipGLey Pract. Physick 22 Fat things 
must be eschewed. a@1j07 Beveripce Serw. U1. Ixxxiil. 
(R.), They must not only eschew evil but do good in the 
world. 1801 Worpsw. Cuckoo § Night. xxiii, For every 
wight eschews thy song tohear, 1848 THackEray Van. Fair 
xlv, He has already eschewed green coats, red neckcloths, 
and other worldly ornaments. 1855 MacauLay Hist. Eng. 
IV. 693 Observers .. thought that capitalists would eschew 
all connection with what must necessarily be a losing con- 
cern, 1876 Bracke Songs Relig. & Life 228 Eschew the 
cavilling critic’s art, The lust of loud reprovin 

absol, 162x BuRtoN Anat. Mel, 1. i. 1. viii. (1651) 25 The 
power to prosecute or eschue. 

+2. intr. To get off, escape. Ods. 

1375 Barsour Bruce x1. 391 Thai sall nocht weill eschew 
foroutyn fall. c1450 Castle Hd. MS. Life St. Cuthb. 
(Surtees) 2525 Ana at he couet to eschew. 1560 RoLtanp 
Crt. Venus ww. 441 Grant him his life..And I promit..That 
he sall not eschew away, nor fle. 

+ 3. trans. Torescue. Obs.rare. SoFr. eschiver.] 

c1g00 Melusine 170 Pey recouered there six of theire 
galeyes, & eschiewed bem fro the fyre. 

Hence Eschew‘al, an eschewing, a keeping clear 
of (evil). Eschewvance, the action of eschewing; 
avoidance. Eschew‘er, one who eschews, avoids, 
shuns. Eschew‘ing vd/. sd., the action of the vb. 
EscHew in various senses. Eschew'ment, the 


action of eschewing. 

1583 BABINGTON Commandm. vii. (1590) 278 Things which 
keepe chastitie vncorrupted..sobrietie, labour..& *esche- 
allie 1637 eschewing] of oportunitie. nest feues Mixt. 
Scho. Div. 22 The bare eschewall of an evill is sufficient 
for the denomination of feare. 1841 G. S. Faser Prov. Lett. 
(1844) I. 182 The convenient negative process of an esche- 
wal of all cross-questioning. 1842 James Morley Ernstein 
xv, With that careful *eschewance of all listening ears. .that 
gentleman remained bowing in silence till the waiter was 
out of the room. 1578 Ch. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 
460 Give them such judges, as are. .*eschewers of all par- 
tiality. 162x Dx. Bucku. in Life Bacon xxii. (1861) 501 
A messenger of good news to you and an eschewer of evil. 
1825 CoLertpcE Aids Ref, (1848) I. 188 These eschewers 
of mystery. ¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth, m1. xi. 99 The ferme 
stablenesse of perdurable dwellynge and ek the *eschuynge 
of destruccyoun. 1563 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. iii. 
164 agen, 2d of the greate Daunger & perill of the a 
plage. 1864 Wessrer, *Zschewment (rare). 

+ Eschew’, v.2 Obs. rare—'. [ad. OF. escheu, 
pa. pple. of eschotr (mod.Fr. échoir) : see ESCHEAT,] 


intr. To fall out, fall to one’s lot, befall. 


ESCHIN, 


la Morte Arth. This chekke h: 
te chonaaes enaak acd <i 


hin, obs. form of Esuin, dial, 
|| Escho . Obs. rare—*. [Fr. eschoppe (now 
échoppe), t. eschople, escopre, corresp. to Sp. 
escoplo, Pg. escopro:—L. scalprum.] ‘A steel- 
pointed tool for engraving on copper ; a graver. 


1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 126 Bosse’s invention of the Es- 
choppe does render the making of this Sulcus much more 


facile. bid. 97 His points and eschoppes. 

| Eschscholtaia (cjpltsi,. [mod.L.; the 
name was given in 1821 by A. vy. Chamisso (or. 
Phys. Berol. 73) in compliment to J. F. v. Esch- 
scholtz, one of his colleagues in the Romanzoff 
exploring expedition.] A Californian genus of 
herbaceous plants (N.O. Pafaveracew); E. cali- 
fornica, the best-known species, has finely divided 
glaucous leaves, and large bright yellow flowers, 
saffron-coloured in the centre. Also attrib. 

1857 Henrrey Bot, 232 Eschscholtzia, a Californian genus, 


is now found in every garden. 1870 Miss Broucuton Ked as 
Rose 1. 73 Pulling the green nightcaps off the escholtzia [sic] 


buds. 

Eschutcheon : obs. var. EScUTCHEON, 

Escien, obs. form of Ask. 

Escimuzg, corrupt form of EcHENEIS. 

1481 Caxton Myrr, 1. ix. 87 Ther is another manco of 
ffyshe in this see [of ynde], whiche ben named escimuz, 
whiche..hwue such strengthe that in contynent that they 
touche a ship one of them only reteyneth hym stylle. 

Esclaircisment, -issement, obs, forms of 
ECLAIRCISSEMENT, 

1730-6 in Baivey (folio’. 1775 in Asu. 

| Beclandee (esklandr’). [Fr. esclandre, later 
form of OF. escandre, escandle:—L. scandalum: 
see SCANDAL and SLANDER.] Unpleasant noto- 
riety ; an occurrence which gives rise to it; a dis- 
turbance, scene. 

1855 TuHackeray Newcomes (F. Hall). 1857 KincsLey 
Two Y. Ago xi. 11. 11 Scoutbush, to avoid ésclandre and 
misery..paid her her dividends as usual. 1881 Lapy 
Hersert £dith 18 Since the last ‘esclandre’ he had held 
little or no communication with her. 1882 J. C. Morison 
Macaulay 55 An esclandre of any kind, cannot be associated 
even in imagination with his name. 


os A, 


+ Escla‘re, v. Obs. rare—', [a. OF. esclare-r, | 


esclarier (mod.F. éclairer), corresp. to Pr. esclair- 
ar;—L. exclar-dre (rare), f. ex- out + clarus 
bright.]  ¢vaus. To make clear, clear up. 


1655 Dicces Compl. Ambass. 318 We think it now reason 
that the matter of Religion be first esclared, 

+Escla‘rish, v. Os. Also 6 esclarissh. 
[ad. OF. esclariss- lengthened stem of esclarir :— 
late L. type *exclarire, f. L. ex- out + clar-us 
clear, bright.]_ ¢rans. To make clear or bright; 
to bring to light ; to render illustrious. 

1546 St. Papers Hen. VIII, X1. 16 This amitie and peax, 
which is now nuely esclarisshed and confirmed. 1 
Painter Pad. Pleas. 259b, Which singuler perseueration 
in defence of her charitie .. esclarisheth to the whole flocke 
of womankynde the bright beames of wisedome, 


+ Escla‘rishment. Os. In 6 esclerishe- 
ment. [ad. OF. esclerissement, var. of esclarisse- 
ment, f. esclarir: see prec.) A clearing up, ex- 
planation. 

1549 in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. App. CC. 102 By the former 
treaty with th’ esclerishement joynt hostility is not entred. 

|| Escla’ e (esklavaz). Ods. [Fr. esclavage 
(lit, ‘slavery’, f. esclave slave) used in same sense.] 
A necklace composed of several rows of gold 
chains, beads, or jewels, so called from its resem- 
blance to the fetters of a slave. 

1758 Mrs. Derany Axtobiog. (1861) III. 478 All the 
bougets, esclavages, earrings and knots. 1766 Corman & 


Garrick Clandestine Marr. 1, How d’ye like the Style of 
this Esclavage? 1834 PLancut Brit. Costume 323. 

+ Escla’vish, v. Ods. rare. [ad Fr. esclaver to 
enslave, on the analogy of cherish, etc.] trans. To 
enslave. Hence Esclavishing vé/, sb. 

1583 T. Stocker Hist, Ciu. Warres lowe C. 11. 32'To our 
vtter esclauisshyng and destruction for euer. 

+ Evscle, Ods. [ad. L. wsculus.] (See quot.) 

1877 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hush. (1586) 106 The Escle 
is a kind of Oke, called..in Latine Esclus. 

Esclepis, obs. form of Ecuipse. 

|| Esel . Obs. [var. of Escoprrte; for 
the form cf, med.L. sclopztum.] (See quot.) 

1824 S. R. Meyrick Anc. Armour Gloss., Sclopus, the 
esclopette or hand-gun. 1830 — /ilust. Anc. Arms § 
Armour Plate cxix, Fig. 4. ty short wheel-lock esclopette 
of the time of Charles I. te is ., intended to be carried in a 
holster in the same manner as a long pistol. 


Escocheon, obs. form of EscurcHEon. 


+ Escompesall, 
1486 Bk. St. Albans C iiij, Put in the wonde Escompesall 
unto tyme the dede flesh be wastyde. 


+ eoonday. v. Obs. rave—', [ad. OF. escon- 
dui-re (mod, éconduire), in this sense a pseudo- 


286 


etymological rsion of earlierescondire, corresp. 
ORs eae f. ex- out + con 
(=cum) with + dicére to say.] trans. To give 
(a person) a denial of ( 7 : 
ax1450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 85 Euery woman that dis- 


be: escondu: her husbonde of ani thinge that he 
pene oe ue pi ng ogra patna 
+Escon , 2. Obs. rave—*. [f. OF. escon- 


dite refusal, f. escondire: see prec.] intr, To give 
a refusal Zo. 

1510-20 Com. too late maryed (1862) 8 She wolde to no 
maner a man escondyte. 

Escopette (eskopet). U.S. Also 9 esco- 
pate, -et. [ad. Sp. escopfeta (assimilated to Fr. 
escopette) musket, ad. It. schioppetto, scoppietto, f. 
schioppo (by metathesis scoppio) noise, explosion, 
L. sclopus, stlopus the noise produced by a blow 
on the inflated cheek (in med.L. ‘a gun’).] Asort of 
carbine, used chiefly in Mexico and the adjoining 
parts of the U.S. 

1805 Pixe Sources Mississ. 1. (1810) 201, 50 dragoons and 
50 mounted militia of the province, armed in the same 
manner, viz., Lances, escopates and pistols. x80 B, ‘Tay- 
Lor Eldorado xxxiii. (1862) 336 A ranchero, carrying an 
escopette and three turkeys. .offered his horse in exchange. 
nat apes Rew Rifle Rangers xx, A dozen .. men were 
. -firing their escopettes and pistols as they came down. 

Escope‘tto. = prec. 

1854 Bartiett Mex. Boundary 1. ii. 29 The Mexican beat 
him upon the head with the butt of his escopetto. 

+ Esco'rse, v. Ods. [ad. OF. escorce-r, escorcher 
(mod.Fr. écorcher), corresp. to Pr. escorgar, escor- 
tegar:—med.L. excorticare, f. ex out + cortic-em 
bark.] trans. To skin, flay. In quot. fg. 

1546 St. Papers Hen. VIII, XI. 112 So.. that they wer 
not escorsed and fleen to the bones. 

Escort (e'skgit), sd. Also 6 eskert (eskart), 8 
escorte. [a. Fr. escorte, ad. It. scorta, f. scorgere 
to conduct :—late L. type *excorrigére, f. ex out 
+corrigére to set right. 

1. A. A body of armed men accompanying a 
traveller or travellers (whether for protection or 
surveillance, or as a mark of honour), or serving 
as a guard or convoy for baggage, provisions, 
treasure, etc. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. xvul. 1077 The bands .. had 
ouerthrowen the eskert [ed. 1 eskart) or garde [orig. 
scorta) of victuals. 1 Lond, Gaz. No. 4458/2 The 
Horses and Waggons..began their March with an Escorte 
of 2000 Foot and 800 Horse. 1802 C. James Mil. Dict., 
Escort of Deserters consists ..of a corporal and three 
rank and file. 1810 WeLtincton in Gurw. Disp. VI. 470 
And Colonel Trant with his division attacked the escort 
of the military chest. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 
I. vi. 496 Not with an army but with a mere escort of 
strangers. ‘ 

2. transf. A number of persons, or often a single 
person, accompanying any one on a journey for the 
purpose of protection or guidance, or for courtesy’s 
sake. 

1745 Fortunate Orphan 33 Five Women, who had no other 
Escorte than a Recollet, this Jeweller, and a Youth of 
sixteen. 1754 RicHAarDsoNn Grandison (1760) V. 61, I could 
not be so welcome to you as your escorte, as .. I should 
be to Miss Byron and her friends, as her guest. 1847 James 
¥. Marston Hail xii, The encounter with the courier and 
his escort had taken place. @ 1860 WRAxact tr. R. Houdin 
xviii. 263 The ladies in waiting and the lady patronesses 
formed the royal escort. A 

3. abstr. Attendance in the capacity of an escort. 

1833 Hr. Martineau Loom § Lugger u. Vv. 97 To make 
him desire Cooper's escort. 1858 J. Martineau Studies 
Chr. 221 The elder deities were compelled to .. attend in 
escort to the Eastern idol. 

Escort (eskg-t), v. [f. prec. sb.; ef. Fr. 
escorter, It. scortare.] trans. To act as escort 
to. a. A/z/. of armed men; aut. of a convoy. 
b. In wider sense: To accompany for the pur- 
pose of protecting or conducting, or of showing 
civility. 

a. 1708 Lond. Gas. No. 4478/3 Yesterday the Troops 
that escorted our Foragers, met ah several of the yor 
Parties, 1761-2 Hume //ist. Eng. (1806) 1V. Ix. 539 
herring busses were escorted by twelve men of war. 1855 
Macautay Hist, Eng. 111. 636 He was escorted by a body- 
guard under the command of Sarsfield. 

b. 1742 Dunkin in Francis Horace’s Sat. 1. ix, In private 
haunt, in public meet, Salute, escort him through the Street. 
1754 Ricnarpson Grandison LL. iv. 50 To escorte and guide 
me through this wood. 1828 Scorr F. AZ. Perth xxxi, 
Catharine, escorted by old Henshaw and a of the 
Knight of Kinfauns. 1888 Miss Brappon Fatal Three 1. 
ii, He had escorted her to the first of her parties, 

Hence Esco'rting //. a., that escorts. Esco'rt- 
ment, the action of escorting. 

1870 Pall Mall G.7 Nov. 7 The official list of the escorting 
officers. 1775 Apair Amer. Jud. 303 One of the warriors 
was sent to accom: me..by way of escortment, 

Esco't, sd. tal r. form of Scor (as in scot and 
lot); cf, OF., Pr. escot (mod.F. écot), It. scotto.] 
(See quot.; it does not appear where Johnson 
found the word.) , ite 

1755 Jounson, Zscot, a tax paid in boroug corpora- 
tons towards the support of the community, which is called 
scot and lot. 


+ Esco't, v. Ods. [a. OF, escot-er, f. escot (mod. 


ESCRIVAIN, 


F. écot): see prec.] trans, To pay a reckoning 
sor maintain. 
Suaxs. Ham. un. ii. What are Children 
Who maintains ’em? Rs a Scena? Dacia Ea 
+Escou‘t, sd. Ods. [a. OF. escoute fem. (mod. 
F. écoute) act of listening, also sentinel, Scour, 
f. escouter (mod. écouter) to listen.] 
1. Look-out, watch. [Cf. OF. se mettre aux 
aria a 
Aywarp Edw. VJ, 29 They were well ent 
ngekngsood mooes steced aclu noch oichie Tan 
2. A Scour, s: 


contrary reportes. 1600 Hottanp Livy xxi. xxviii. 49 


(mod.F. écouter) = Pr. escoutar, Cat. escoltar, 
It. ascoltare:—L. auscultare to listen.] intr. To 
act as a scout, explore, reconnoitre. 

1600 Hottanp Livy xxi. xv. 441 Having sent out to escout 
and espie 400 horsemen of per «hao 

Escribe (iskrai'b), 2. [£ E- pref3+L. scrib- 
ére to write.] 

+1. ¢rans. To write or copy out. (More com- 
monly Exscr1Be.) Oés. 

1558 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 30 An old book 
of yf free which was exibed, ontenciad out of the 
elder Precedences of the town. 

2. Math. To describe (a circle) so as to touch 
one side of a triangle exteriorly, and the produc- 
tions of the other two sides, (Cf. ExscrrBz.) 
Hence Escri‘bed f/. a. 

1870 W. Cuauvenet Geom. 1. 87 The three circles which 
lie without the triangle have been named escribed circles. 
1881 J. Casey Seg. Euclid 54 If the circle touch..the sides 
AB, AC produced ; that is if it be an escribed circle, 

+Escrime. | Ots. rare—. [a. Fr. escrime, f. 
escrimer to fence.] The art of fencing, esp. with 
sabre or sword. 

_ Urqunart Fewel Wks. (1834) 220 The most skilful 
teachers of Escrime, and fencing-masters of Italy. 

+ Escri‘mer. O/s. In 6 eskrymeur. [a. Fr. 
escrimeur, f. escrimer to fence.] One who prac- 
tises fencing ; a fencer, a swordsman. 

sna Sir T. Sarru in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 191 IL. 21 The 
duke .. provided .. some eskrymeurs to shew us pastyme. 

+E‘script. Ovs. Also 6 escripte. [a. OF. 
escript, semi-learned spelling of escrit (mod.F. 
écrit) :—L. script-um neut., pa. pple. of scribére 
to write.] A written document, a writing; sfec. 
a written decree or mandate, a ‘ writ’. 

1483 Plumpton Corr. p. xcv, We award that all such 
evidences, escripts, or muniments be delivered .. afore the 
feast of St. John Babtist next coming. 1563 Foxe A. J. 

76/2 All and euery such proces, writings and iptes as 
hase passed and bene don in this matter. 1590 T. 
oat : pone prone gs me ible be brought to 
s cult ani t un le to 
= bes SELDEN pom » I. iv. (1739) 21 Amongst other of 
the King’s Escripts, it formed Writs remedial, such as 
had received wrong. 1686 Royal Proclam. 10 Mar. in 
Lond. Gaz. No. 2120/2 And also Ex: all Offences of 
Perjury .. Forging or Sc arveg my bo E 
1724 Col. Rec. Penn. U1. 245 The Governour 
aad the following Escript by way of amendment, 

+ Escri . Obs. [a. OF. escripture (mod. 
F. écriture) = Pr. escriptura, Sp. escritura, It. 
scrittura:—L, scriptura kip = SCRIPTURE. 

1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. i. 4 The holy escripture saith 
of god that he is fiers, B 

scritoire (¢skritwa'r, eskritwf1). Forms: 
8 escrutore, 8-9 escrutoire, escritoir, (8 escre- 
tore, -critore, 9 -cretoire), 8- escritoire. _[a. 
F. escritoire (now écritoire) writing-case, _— 
desk:—late L. scriftérium apparatus or place for 
writing, f. scribéve to write.) 

The aphetic forms scritore, Scrutoire, occur in 17th c. 

A writing-desk constructed to contain stationery 
and documents ; in early use, often one of a port- 
able size; more recently, chiefly applied to a 
ars 24 iece of furniture, a ponies or 7 

(x6x1 R., Escriptoire, a ner.) 1706-7 Farqunar 
Beaux’ Strat. v. iv, Captain Gibbet. had made bold...with 

r Study and Escritore. 1720 Srrype Stow’s Surv. (1754) 

. II. vi. 598/2 Chests of drawers, Escrutores, Tables, and 
such like Wares. 1742 Fiecoinc ¥. Andrews wm. 
iii. She .. ingly departed herself, having first broken 

Huseez £ Tour, France Iv. 

a most ificent collection of antient and modern medals. 

T Van. Fair xxiv, In the large shining ma- 
a 7 ennataite SE: Osborne hed = drawer i 


ENNE 
4 


to 


Mt. R ix, An escritoire in the Sherraton 
mee Dickens Dav, Copp. xvii, There was a chest 
of drawers with an escrutoire 


top. 

Hence Escrito'rial a, nonce-wd., of or pertain- 

pe ara reas Bet 2, 837 XV. 163 One more 
. 1 . 

ee upon bon nt sense of the value 
we set upon its escritorial capacity. : 

+Escrivain. Os. rare—'. [a. OF. escrivain 
(mod.F. dcrivain) = Pr. escriban, Sp. escribano, 


ESCRIVAN, 


It. scrivano:—late L. scribanus, f. L. scriba scribe.] 
A clerk. 

21734 Nortu Lives (1826) II. 399 Servants, escrivains and 
other attendances at a great expense. 

+ Esecriva'n. Ods. rvare—'. [ad. Pg. escrivio: 
see prec.] A clerk on board a ship, a supercargo, 

1726 SHELvockE Voy. round World 341 The Escrivan of 
the said ship. .desir’d we would sell him the Jesus Maria. 

+Escro‘c, v. Ods. [f. F. escroc swindler: cf. 
Fr. escroguer to swindle.] ¢rans. To gain by 
swindling. 

1738 Come. Sense (1739) II. 45 hess 85g Tricks to escroc 
all they could for the Civil List, etc. /ézd, II. 183 Occasions 
are laid hold of to escroc more and more from the Publick. 

Escrod (eskrp'd). A small fresh cod broiled ; 
= Sorop. 

18.,. D. WessTer (Webster), That morsel for Monica, an 
escrod. In mod. Dicts, 

|| Escroeles, sd. p/7. Obs. rare—1. In 5 erron. 
escroceles. [OF. escroelles fem, pl. (mod.F. écrou- 
elles) :—late L. scrofellas, dim. of scrofule: see 
Sororua.] Scrofula. 

Caxton Gold. Leg. 372/2 A maide .. had her throte 
gretely swollen of a maladye called the escroceles. 

Escroll (eskro«'l). Forms: 6-7 escrowle, 
7-8 escrol(e, -olle, 7— escroll. [ad. OF. escroele, 
dim. of escroe: see next and Scroxt.] 

+1. Law. = Escrow. Oés. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 102 To deliuer a Writing, 
or a Bill as an Escroll is vynknowne vnto all Merchants there. 
1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. i. $2. 5 If.. shee deliver the same 
deed unto a stranger as an Escrowle, upon condition that, 
etc. 1736 Carte Ormonde I. 569 They signed the instru- 
ment of the peace to agree it might lie as an escroll in the 
hands of the Marquis of Clanricarde, 

2. Her. = Scrou. 

1610 Guittim Heraldry m1, xx. (1611) 160 With one Escrole 
hauing this Motto /ch Dien. 1706 HEARNE Collect. 25 Mar. 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 209 Underneath there is this Escrolle, 
Memoria pij xterna. 1807 G. Cuatmers Caledonia I. 11. 
x. 463 Ancient families converted their war-cries into mottos, 
which they placed upon escrols above their crests. 1868 
Regul. §& Ord, Army 8 The Motto ‘ Virtutis fortuna comes” 
in an Escrole above. 

Escrow (eskréu). Law. [a. AF. escrowe, es- 
crouwe, OF. escroe, escroue scrap, shred, strip of 
parchment, scroll (mod.F. écvoue entry of a name 
in a jail register):—med.L. type *scroda, of Teut. 
origin: cf. OHG. scré¢ scrap, fragment :—OTeut. 
*skraudo- (whence Eng. SHRED).] (See quots.) 

1598 Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 449 It was delivered as 
an Escrow upon condition. 1708 Zermes de la Ley 306 An 
Escrow is a Deed delivered to a third person to be the 
Deed of the party upon a future condition. 1885 Law 
Times Rep. L1. 663/1 The part signed by the defendant was 
only an escrow in the hands of her solicitor, and not to take 
effect until the other part was signed by the plaintiff. 

Escrutoire, obs. form of EscriTorrE. 

+ Escry’, sd. Obs. [f. Escry v. See the variant 
forms Ascry, Sory.] a. Outcry, exclamation ; 
notoriety. b. Battle-cry. “7. and fig. 

1483 Caxton G, de la Tour Ly, Suche dishonourand escry is 
not soone put oute. 1489 — /aytes of A.1. xxiv. 75 The lasse 
bolde are wont for to gyue vp the escrye by-fore that the 
bataylle be bygonne. 1515 Barctay Zgdoges iv. (1570) Dj/r 
Faynt cowarde mindes soone at the first escry Of sturdie 
labour, fall to the groundeas lame. 1538 LeLanp /tzm. VI. 
66 Gaspar .. durst not welle land for Escryes that were 
made when he proferid to the Shore. SS 

+Escry’, v. Ovs. Forms: 5-6 €éserye, 7 
escrie. [a. OF. escrie-r, f. es:—L. ex out + créer 
to Cry. The earlier Eng. form from 13th c. was 
Asory, prob. representing an AF, ascrier; and 
there was an aphetic Scry, q.v.] 

1. intr. To cry out, exclaim. 

3, Caxton Gold. Leg. 84/1 Thenne one of them escryed 
and said, etc. @ x D. Berners Huon lv. 185 He es- 
ed a hye & sayd ‘ Syr Kynge’, etc. 

. trans. To call out to, hail; also, to call upon, 
invoke, 

x | Ming's Gold. Leg. 121/2 Put out thy voys and es- 
crye hym frely. 1485 — Chs. Gt. 77 He. . began to escrye the 
holy trynyte. c 1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 
112 He spurred horse and escryed the senesshall. 

b. Zoescry him, them, etc. to or unto death, used 
to translate Fr. Juz, leur escrier ‘a mort! or ‘ad 
la mort!’ 

1475 Caxton ¥ason 8 b, And syn they escried alle the 
dronken centauris unto the dethe. 1523 Lp, Berners Froiss, 
I. ccclxxxvi. 659 They were enclosed with the gauntoyse, 
who escryed them to dethe, 

3. trans. = Dusory: to cry out upon on dis- 
covering ; hence to espy, discover. Also, with 
out. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 100 Vouchsafe there- 
fore a good felowshyp (Osorius) to escry out one safe Haven 
forus. 158r J. Strupzey tr. Sexeca’s Medea 1. Cho. 127 b, 
Some travelers shall the Countreys farre escrye Beyond small 
Thule, Knowen furthest at this day. 1598 Haxcuyt Voy. I. 
#8 (R.) At the same time the Spanish fleet was escried by an 

nglish Pinasse. 1625 Purcuas Pilgrims II. xis rom 
hence you may plainly escrie the promontory of Azaphi. 

|| Eseu-. [Fr.; older form of &z: see Ecu.] 

¢ 1663 F. WitLucusy in Ray’s Philos. Lett. (1718) 11 At the 
expence of an Escus for a Guide. 1731 in Barrey vol. II, 


1775 in AsH. 
Bscuage (eskiwédz), Feudal Law. Obs. exe. 


287 


fist. [a. AF. escuage, f. OF. escu (mod.F, écu) = 
L. sciitum shield. Cf. Scuracr.] 

+1. The chief form of feudal tenure (/i. shield- 
service), personal service in the field for a period 
of forty days in each year. Ods. 

1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge u. 1773 Many helde their 

des .. with seruice de chiualere and some by escuage. 
1592 Wyrtey Armorie 19 Euery tenant that held lands by 
a knights fee was tied to do his Lord escuage or shield 
seruice. 1695 Temple Hist, Eng. (1699) 171 Those Authors 
:-pretend this Duty of Escuage. .to have come over in this 
Reign. 1766 Bracxstone Comm. u. v. 74 This kind of 
tenure was called scutagium in Latin. .or servitium scuti., 
in our Norman French escuage. 

b. transf. 

1605 Sytvester Du Bartas u. ii. 1. (1605-7) I. 454 Our 
Grand-sires. ,euen in Age Could render duly Venus Escuage. 
1623 CocKERAM, Venus-escuage, wanton fleshlinesse. 

2. A money payment in lieu of military service ; 
= ScuracE. 

1577-87 Ho.tnsHep Chron. an. 1214. 184/1 The king de- 
manded escuage of them that refused to go with him into 
Poictow. 1641 W. Hakewi Libertie of the Subject 17 
Every man that by his tenure is bound to serve the King in 
his warres, and faileth, is to pay..a fine by the name of 
Escuage. 1679 BLount Anc. Tenures 95 When escuage is 
assessed throughout the land..the said Sir Philip shall pay, 
etc. 1738 Hist. Crt. Excheq.ii.23 The Baron appearing in the 
Host had Escuage on his own Tenants that made Default. 

|| Escudero (eskzdé‘ro). [Sp. ; f. escudo shield ; 
see Esquire.] A shield-bearer; an esquire ; hence, 
an attendant; a lady’s page. 

@ 1637 B. Jonson (Webster). 1865 T. B. ALpricn Ax. of 
Aragon Poems 113 His escuderos rode in front, His 
cavaliers behind. 

Esculapian, var. of A°scuLaPIan. 

Esculate, var. form of AEscuLATE. 

+Evsculency. Ods. rave’. [f. next: see 
-ENCY.] The quality of being esculent or eatable. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 197 Though lesse commodious for 
esculency. ae 

Esculent (eskilént), a. and sb. [ad. L. esea- 
lent-us, f. esca food.] 

A. adj. 

1. Suitable for food, eatable. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 630 A Number of Herbs are not 
Esculent at all. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 111, 238 The 
gardens afford good supplies of the best esculent vegetables. 
1813 BinGLEY Anim. Biog. (ed. 4) III. 471 Esculent Snail. 
1816 Kirsy & Sp. Extonrol x. (1828) I. 310 The order Aptera 
does not much more abound in esculent insects than the 
Diptera. 1866 Rocers Agric. § Prices 1. iv. 66 Onions and 
cabbage appear to have been the only esculent vegetables. 

"| confused use. 

1813 BincLey Anim. Biog. (ed. 4) 11, 212 The Esculent 
Swallow. The nest of this bird is edible. 

2. absol. quasi-sd. 

1626 Bacon Sylva (1631) § 474 In Plants, where the Root is 
the Esculent, as Radish, and Parsnips. 

B. sé. Anything that is eatable, or fit for food ; 
esp. vegetables. 

1625 Massincer New Way wv. ii, A piece of Suffolk cheese, 
or gammon of bacon, Or any esculent, as the learned call it. 
1725 Braptey Mam. Dict. Esculents, by which is to be 
understood Plants for Food. 1754 DopsLey Ag7‘ic. ii, His 
various esculents, from glowing beds Give the fair promise 
of delicious feasts. 1863 Bai in NV. & Q. Ser. m1. IV. 193 
The 4th of August was the period when the juicy esculent 
could be first enjoyed. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 25 The 
varieties of palm furnished..an esculent something like the 
cabbage. 

Esculic, -in(e, var. forms of AEScULIC, -IN. 

+Escume. [a. OF. escume (mod.F. écume): 
see Scum.] Froth. 

1527 ANDREW Brunswyke’s Distyl, Waters P iij, Escume 
made of this herbe [radish] used in vaperous bathes dys- 
troyeth age. 

scwrialize, v. xonce-wd. [f. Escurial (better 
Escorial), the name of the chief palace of the 
Spanish kings, about 30 miles from Madrid.] 
trans. To subject to influences like those which 
prevailed at the Escurial. 

1843 Tait’s Mag. X.617 Kings and queens are no longer 
--puppets to be played with by dexterous mountebanks, or 
Escurialized into idiotism. 

Escurie: see Equerry. 

Escuse, obs. form of Excuss sé. and v. 

Escutcheon (eskztfon). Forms: (5 esco- 
chon, 6 escuchon), 7, 9 escocheon, (7 eschoch-, 
eschucheon, -ion, escochion, escotch-, escu- 
cheon, -tchion, -tcheer), 8 eschutcheon, 6- 
escutcheon. See also Scurcneon. [a. ONF, 
escuchon (central OF. escusson, mod. écusson) :— 
late L. type *sction-enr, f. sciitum shield.] 

OHNSON us has only the form eschutcheon. 

. Her. Vhe shield or shield-shaped surface on 
which a coat of arms is depicted ; also in wider 
sense, the shield with the armorial bearings; a 
sculptured or painted representation of this. 

1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 131 Escochons of 
papir.in colours of the armes of Lorde George Ver. 1! 
Mirr. Policy (1599) M iij, And from that time the use of Es- 
cuchons and Armory was found out, as a witnesse of their 
Nobility. 16r0 Hottanp Camden's Brit, 1. 405 Their Es- 
chocheon Gules with sixe escallops argent. 1 Prior 
Staffordsh, (1686) A, The figures on the right hand each Es- 
cocheon, shewing what Armes belong to the Houses. 1774 


ESEMPLASTIC, 


Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry U1. (R.), The addition of the 
escutcheon of Edward the Confessor. .was a sufficient foun- 
dation for an impeachment of high treason. 1815 Scott 
Guy M. xii, The carved stone escutcheon of the ancient 
ari -was Lng diagonally beneath the helmet and crest. 
1846 Prescott Ferd. § Js. 1, vi. 277 They were prohibited 
from quartering the royal arms on their escutcheons. 1885 
MiaseBaAeoon Wylard’s Weird ii, Gray granite pillars, 
each crowned with the escutcheon of the Heathcotes. 

b. fig.; esp. in phrases like a d/ot on an es- 
cutcheon =a stain on a person’s reputation. 

1697 Drypen Virgil (1806) II. 175 Ded., The banishment 
of Ovid was a blot inhisescutcheon. 1848 R. W. HamILton 
Disg. Sabbath v. 180 We are not ashamed of our [Puritan] 
fathers .. The escocheon of their virtues is our proudest 
heraldry. 1862 SHirtey Nuge Crit. x. 444 The people of 
Edinburgh were eager to remove an unseemly stain from 
the escutcheon of their city. 1868 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. 
(1876) II. vii. 45 A dark blot on the escutcheon of the House 
of Godwine. 

e. Escutcheon of beens : the small escutcheon 
bearing the arms of an heiress placed in the centre 
of her husband’s shield. Cf. INEScUTCHEON. 

1677 Lond. Gaz. No. 1208/4 Upon an Escutcheer of Pre- 
tence, a Chevern between three Birds. 1766-87 Porny 
Her. 123. 1823 Rutter Honthil/ p. xxiv, Mervyn quartering 
Squire, and on an escutcheon of pretence, Green, etc. 

+ 2. A hatchment. (More fully /aseral es- 
cutcheon.) Obs. 

a@ 1672 Woop Life (1848) 40 Escocheons which he had got 
by burying several persons of quality. 1688,R. Hotmr 
Armoury. 4/1 Every Gentleman. .was interr’d with Funeral 
Escochions. 1722 De For Col. Yack (1840) 347 Mrs. Veal 
was. .dead, and her escutcheons were making. 1750 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 73? 7 At last the eldest fell ill... I dreamed 
every night of escutcheons and white gloves. 31820 W. 
Irvine Sketch-bs. II. 183 Several ancient monuments .. 
over some of which hang funeral escutcheons. 

3. Anything shaped like, or resembling, an es- 
cutcheon: a. gem. (see quot.) 

160z2 Prat Delightes for Ladies xviii, Of .. Marchpane 
paste... our comfit makers .. make .. Armes, escocheons, 
beasts, birds, and other fancies, 

b. Arch. A shield-shaped ornament, chiefly in 
Gothic buildings, carved on the bosses of ceilings, 
at the ends of weather-mouldings, etc. 

1875 Parker Gloss. Goth. Archit. 

c. A key-hole plate, a name plate, ete. 

1655 Mra. Worcester Cent. Juv. § 72 An Escocheon to 
be placed before any of these locks. 1879 Gwitt Archit. 
Gloss., Escutcheon..a plate for protecting the keyhole of a 
door; or one to which the handle of a door is attached. 

da. Horticulture. A shield-shaped portion of a 
branch, containing a bud, cut for use as a graft. 

1658 Evetyn /r. Gard. (1675) 61 Cut your escutcheon 
long enough. .that it may derive nourishment. 

e. aut. (see quot.) 

1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Escutcheon, the compart- 
ment in the middle of the ship’s stern, where her name is 
written. 

f. Zool. (see quots.) 

1854 Woopwarp Mollusca 11. 947 The lunule..is an oval 
space in front of the beaks [of bivalves].. When a similar im- 
pression exists behind the beaks, it is termed the escutcheon. 
Lbid, (1856) 305 Meroe. .Shell oval, compressed .. ligament 
in a deep escutcheon. 

4. Comb. escutcheon grafting (see 3 d). 

are Braptey Fam. Dict. s. v. Grafting, They will thrive 
..well upon the Quince tree by Escutcheon grafting. 

Hence Escu'tcheoned /7/. a., furnished or deco- 
rated with escutcheons. 

76 Younc Nt. 7h. 11. 356 What. .isthis escutcheon’d world, 
Which hangs out Death in one eternal night? 1822 Byron 
Werner v. 1, Our banner’d and escutcheon’d gallery, 1843 
CariyLe Past §& Pr. (1858) 298 Doggeries never so es- 
cutcheoned must take the fate of such. 5 

-ese, six, forming adjs., is ad. OF. -e¢s (mod. 
F. -o2s, -azs):—Com. Romanic -ese (It. -ese, Pr., 
Sp. -es, Pg. -ez):—L. éusem. The L. suffix had 
the sense ‘ belonging to, originating in (a place)’, 
as in hortensis, pratensis, f. hortus garden, pratum 
meadow, and in many adjs. f. local names, as 
Carthaginiénsis Carthaginian, Athéniénsis Athe- 
nian. Its representatives in the Romanic langs. 
are still the ordinary means of forming adjs. upon 
names of countries or places. In Eng. -ese forms 
derivatives from names of countries (chiefly after 
Romanic prototypes), as Chznese, Portuguese, 


Jepanese, and from some names of foreign (never 


English) towns, as JZlanese, Viennese, Pekinese, 
Cantonese. These adjs, may usually be employed 
as sbs., either as names of languages, or as desig- 
nations of persons; in the latter use they formerly 
had plurals in -s, but the pl. has now the same 
form as the sing., the words being taken rather as 
adjs. used adso/. than as proper sbs. (From words 
in -ese used as pl. have arisen in illiterate speech 
such sing. forms as Chinee, Maltee, Portugee.) A 
frequent mod. application of the suffix is to form 
words designating the diction of certain authors 
who are accused of writing in a dialect of their 
own invention ; e.g. Johnsonese, Carlylese, 

Ese, eseliche, esement, obs. ff. Easn, etc. 
Esee, -i, -ie, -y(e, obs. forms of Easy. 

Esemplastic (esemplz'stik), a. [f. Gr. és into 
+ é, neut.. of eis + mAaotin-ds, f. mAdooew to 


ESEMPLASY. 


mould :- a word irregularly formed b 
and probably suggested to him by + Aero. Ger. in- 
cinshiliung forming into one.] Bvieg the funce- 
Bao. salty 5 ge 
it. 
Se Oe 
Nor I trust Pil Coleridge's favorite word 
aa enents wir Reema. Se. Paud I. 488 The 
use expression, 
Pf at Pa ype dg mpi Se ae me 


Esloign, Le, Exory. 

ay SE 

cae Staines 333 a they es- 

— v. Obs. Forms: 5 esmervail, 
ll, 6 esmarveyl. [ad. OF. et 

Pipe ex- out+ -er to wonder, MARVEL. 


See also AMARVEL.] ¢rans. a. To astonish. b. 
To wonder at, admire. 


power 
Esem: —— shot —_ eal oy Be Pp gh that 
a: re ag KL 6 8 Nether fr of them ran to make. am o* Crpsten on (W de W. 
‘raser’s Mag. 5 possessed | Iv. xxix. 341 Contem: esmarua‘ grete 
= bil pare ier — J,and C idee & Soe.) nae aye pr prsatln Nae gt og 
ed the term he term esemplasythe powers that elma “tama, , v. Obs, Seealso AMay, Asay. [a. 
ghee a pevigs a Gen aa aves. OF. esmaie-r to trouble = Pr. esmagar, esmaiar, It. 


Eserine (e'sérain), Chem. [a. Fr. ésérine, f. 
ééré, the native name of the plant; see -INE. 

(First used in Fr. 7 Vée Recherches "chimiques sur la 
Seve du Calabar 1865).) 

A crystalline alkaloid obtained from the Calabar 
bean, the fruit of Physostigma venenosum, em- 
ployed in solution in medicine to produce con- 
traction in the 8 mpil of the eye. 

1879 P. Suitu Glaucoma 153 Eserine lowers the tension of 
the glaucomatous eye. 1888 Edin. Rev. Oct. 507 Eserine 


or physostigmine. 

+Esguard. O¢s. [a. OF. esgard (mod. F. 
égard ) ‘tribunal des chevaliers de Malte’, lit. ‘look, 
attention’, corresp. to It. sgwardo: see Es- and 
Guarp.] A tribunal existing among the knights 
of St. John, to settle differences between members 
of the order. 

1616 Beaum. & Fi. KXnt. of Malta v. ii, Proceed to th’ 
ceremony :—one of our Esguard Degrade Mountferrat first. 

Esh, -en, dial. forms of ASH, ASHEN. 

1512 Northumb, Househ. Bk. 354 To gyf yerely as many 
eshen cuppis. 1808 R. Anprrson Cusnbld. Baill., Our 
Fwokny, | cowr'd my ways down, ahint our young 

+ Eshen, eshime. (és. Some precious stone. 

1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage, Descr. India (1864) 38 Of 
Eshime, which stone comes from Cataya, one Batman. /did. 
42 Lignum al joes, Eshen and Corall. 

=z: dial. Also 6 eschin, eshen, -yne, 
ession, esshon, -en, 7 eshon. [Etymology un- 
certain; ? var. of ASHEN (vessel); cf. ON. eshi 
ashen box, mod.Icel. askya box a A 
wooden pall or shallow pte 


skales. 
Maids... 
Eshon, of others a Bouk. 1691 Ray N.C. Wor 
pail or kit. 1775 in Asn. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Eshin, a 
“Es te for carrying milk from the shippon to the house. 
lar (e flat), var. of ASHLAR. 1847 in Craic. 
si, (e, Esili, obs. forms of Easy, EasILy. 

Esil( (e, var. forms of EIsELL. 

Eskanted, variant of ASKANTED, Oés. 

Eskart, ? obs. form of Escort. 

Esker (e'ska1). Geo/. Also 9 escar, eskar, -ir. 
(a. Ir. ezsc?r.] ‘The name given in Ireland to 
the elongated and often flat-topped mounds of 
post-glacial gravel which occur abundantly in the 
greater river-valleys of that country’ (Page). Also 
a comb., as esker-like. 

E. "Fonnss i in Wilson & Geikie Lif xiv. 505 The top 
of eadon Hill is cap) by a great esker of gravel. 
Pace Hand-bk. Geol., Eskirs or Escars. 1882 Grixiz 
Text-bk. Geol. v1. v. i. 3 a 892 foe yr at known in Scotland as 
kames, in Ireland as eskers, an Scandinavia as dsar. 
31882 O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. iii. 55 Towards sunset 
age the flank of a long escar-like sand ridge. 

Eskert, obs. var. Escorr. 

Esk-ien, obs. form of AsK v. 

Eskip, obs. form of Equir. 

+ Eskirmish. 0és. [ad. F. escarmouche : see 
EscarMoucs and SKIRMISH.] = SKIRMISH. 

1581 Stywarp Mart, Discipi. 1. 1, In et incamp- 
ing, eek, , camisado, or retraite. 

- ‘ke. Obs. {var. of ASLAKE or Y-sLaKE.] 
= SLAKE. a <3 

Barctay Cyt. & U; shim. — ) p. xxxvi, 
ihe ap tangents oe eager thy . 

Eslar, obs. Sc. form of pening 

. Eslarge, v. Obs. [a. OF. eslarg-ir: see 
next.) ¢vans. = next. 

aso Knt. de la Tour (1868) -: He his stered vnto 
"Bela and ithe his pitee vpon hem. 

v. Obs. In 5 eslargys(s)he. 
a a eslargiss- lengthened stem of eslargir 
(mod. F. dargir), f. es-: 6 ex + large: see 
LarcE.] a. ¢rans, To extend the range or sco’ of 
= ENLARGE 3b. Db. refi. To set (oneself) at lar, 
to free (oneself) from restraint. Cf. ENLARGE 

1483 Caxton G. 2s oe Ye may eslargysshe 

yourself to say or do your wylie. Tid. 1, God .- moveth 
self to pyte and 
er, obs. var. ASHLAR. 
+. in Raine Auckland Cas. (sn) Gos note, Eslier worke. 
or, eslisor, obs. ff. EL 


ail called..a Cruck, an 
‘ds, Eshin,a 


smagare :—med.L. *exmagare, f. ex- out + -mag- 
(whence *dismagare: see Dismay), usually be- 
lieved to be of Peat origin ; cf. OHG. magan to 
be able: see May v.] ¢rans. and ref. =Dismay. 
1393 Gower Conf. I. 281, I am..so distem; and so 
esmaied. Bogs II. 239 But Jason wolde him nought 


Caxton Fason 76 Appollo on this. .began to 
rise sina and esmayed of ae works, — Gold. 


Leg. = But he was gretely esmayed how he myght 


burye 

Samay is. emayle. Oés. rare. [ad. OF. es- 
mail, F, émail: see AMEL.] Enamel. 

1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 242 Set rich 
rubie to red esmayle. 1594 Nasne Terrors of Night D iij. 
(D.\, No wine but was turned to red emayle as soon as ever 
it came amongst them [Icelanders]. 

+Esmeu'te. Oés. [a. Fr. esmeute, older form 
of émeute.) = EMEUTE. 


NEEDHAM tr. Se/den's Mare Cl. ng bey het an Ronente tartns aco ae 


we le who are all interessed in ¢ 
macint, obs. form of EASEMENT. 

+ Esmo've, esme‘ve, v. Obs. rare. [a. OF. 
esmover ( (accented stem esmeuv-, whence a later 
inf. form esmevre) :—late L. exmovzre, f. ex- out + 
movére MovE.] trans. To move strongly, excite. 


1474 Caxton Chesse in. v. Gviij, As sone as she sawe | 


hym she was soe smoued 
hym. 1475 — Yason 12/2 He was so esmeuid . 
that, etc. /did. 78/2 Their aduersaires..were so esmeuyed 
upon them that, etc. 


+ Esne (eznz). Ods. exc. Hist. [OE. gsne = Goth. 
asnets :—OTeut. ‘*asnjo-2 harvestman, f. *asano-s 


- with loue 


yth Joye that she deyed tofore | 


harvest.] The OE. designation ofa class of domestic | 


slaves. 

¢gso Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. x. Ne = ofer Bone 
laruu nec Sea vel esne ofer hiaferde his. ushw. Gosp. 
John iy.51 Esnas ziurnon togegnes him. Sore Ivanhoe 


xxxii, Theow and Esne art thou no longer. 186 Pearson 
Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 201 The. .esnés or day-labourers, 
were the lowest. 1875 Stusps Const. Hist. I. v. 78 The 
esne or slave who works for hire. 


+ Evsnecy. Oés. [ad. med.L. xsnecia, latinized | 


form of OF. aimsneece (mod.Fr. afnesse) position 
of elder brother or sister, ad. med.L. *antenatitia, 
f. antenatus one born before another, f. ante be- 
fore + natus born.) ‘ A private rerogative allowed 
to the eldest coparcener, here an estate is 
descended to daughters for want of an heir male, 


| to choose first after the inheritance is divided’ 


(Wharton). 


3607 in Cowet /nterpr. 1641 in Termes de la Ley 144. 178% 
—_ Battey. 1823 in Crasse 7echniol. Dict. ;.and in mod. mo. 


: (e'so-), prefix [Gr. éow within], employed 
in a few compounds of modern formation from 
words of Greek origin, as Esoenteri‘tis, Path. 
[see EnTeERiTis], inflammation of the intestinal 
mucous membrane. Esogastri-tis, Path. [see 
cegpianiel inflammation of the mucous lining of 
the stoma Esona‘rthex [see NarTHEX], the 
inner vestibule of a Greek ch (cf. EXONARTHEX). 
Esoneu'ral a. [see NevRAL], ‘operating within 
the nerves. Esosco:pic a. rare [Gr. -cxon-os 
watching + -Ic], (see quot.). 

1847 Craic * Eswenterites. Ibid. ~Esogastrites. 
Neate East. Ch. 1. 245 The *esonarthex opens on to 
church by nine doors, to the exonarthex by five. 1851 H. 
Mayo Pop. Superst. (ed. 2) 73 Sree mental or opera- 
oes a Rees Deen ae my be conceived to be essen- 


vil; 1816 Sean Chrestom. Wks. (1838-43) 
Vil 94, Division of Politics and Government into *Eso- 
—, i.e. internal or interior. ig, viz. 


nternal Government, Exoscopic. 
"“Esodic (esg-dik), a. [f. Gr. éo-w within + 45-ds 
way + -I0.] Of nerves: Proceeding to or into 
the spinal marrow ; afferent. 

1850 M. Haus, Diastaltic Nervous Syst 6 (Section headed 
‘New Terms Proposed.’] Asodic (es) will 


into; exodic the action out of, etc. ay 
Lancet 11. 84/1 This ying. on the extremities of 
the esodic nerves. 1852 wson Life ¥. Reid 92 The 
ific nerves have also been a i 


hagus, etc. : 
(esote'rik), a. and sd. [ad. Gr. ‘Yoo 
ots f. éoarépw, compar. of éow within. 

Gr. word Lucian 


are 


classification 
‘ exoteric ite Te Mica gameigdoenecs deed 


; 
' 
i 
L 
i 


| 
ie 


i 
: 


alt 

= 
ce 
i 4 


circle 


of ,  eeeat nine 
the secrete atts 
if they wel ned, Seay wane d to be Esoterick 
m1. § 2 (x The exoteric 

(Ziching af the Pha rtans| admited fable and 

the esoteric sume Gdlenk ete eee 
ax Frecoisc Comm, 's Ess. Wks. 1784 X. 
310 In rescuing the esoteric of his i 
that less amiab! scvassnass a SOE t 


768-74 rs Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 
These two classes [the adept and the vulgar] must be 
dressed in two different Tan : 
exoteric. 1817 Coteripcr Biog. Lit. I. x. 200, 1 considered 
; the rank of an 


uddhism. 
b. oad. (quasi-sb.) = ‘ Esoteric sense’. rare. 
1842 Mrs. Browntnc Grk. Chr. Poets (1863) 52 The esoteric 
‘a ee of his phraseology is ‘Glory 
to the true 


2. transf. a. Of motives, purposes, etc.: Not 


| openly avowed. b. Pertaining to a select circle ; 


private, confidential. ¢. Qualifying a personal 
epithet: That is esoterically such. 

1866 W. Tuornsury Greatheart III. 176 He had two 
ilgp Macaouxe 7s, Bing, V. aot His esoteric project was 
x acautay Hist. Eng, is esoteric 
the original of Christopher Col 1876 Buack 
Madcap V. sii He How could he aid in thise Snexioknesiont 
1876 Farrsairn Strauss u, Strauss had hardly the stuff in 
him to be an exoteric Conservative while an esoteric 
1881 Nature XXIV. 578 There is nothing to hinder them 
having also more esoteric pectin at stated intervals. 

3. Phys. (In etymological sense): ‘ Applied to 
things which relate to, or have origin within the 
organism ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

= e Mayne Exp. Lex. 


B. sé. 
1. i. (after Gr. rd éowrepucd.) Esoteric doctrines; 
esoteric treatises. 
1711 te. ot sag A nog pees 99 Aristotle's Books 


Nee ‘at, (1852) 
and exoterics. 


to 


aloof 
On initiated in esoteric doctrines. 
[see A. 1}. 
= tea a. [f. prec. +-aL.] 


2. In mera nonce-use : (see quot.) 
a Maurice et ae Philos, 1, i. 12 27 When by 
which concerns the faner man. 


y (catertikili), ado, [f prec. + 
In an esoteric manner. 
mm. § 2 IIL. (1822) rp oy a 
terically .. of national 
- <i 1896 Frasers Mag. 
Wurruny Orient, Sted. tay While oral tradition ‘conti 
Oe eee eee 


“Bsoterricism. | ' — - v0 watt. 
Esoterism (esp'tériz’m). a saci i 
Esoreric) +-1sM.)] The ho! of esoteric d 

i owledge as the 


I. 
ieee a Ait Henk inn 


IV. 4 It essen- 


To hold esoteric 
ba gh ween ter ong 1. 2x Unlike the 
Esoterising Exclusiveness of Pagan 
(e'sotari). Pt a8 preaceed 
(An i = Seontens first quot., from which Todd 
word, esoferies may be : 
Esoteric doctrine, secret lore. 


ESOUNDIRE. 


1763 Tucker Freewill 172 note, Reserving their esoteries 
for adepts, and dealing out exoteries only to the vulgar. 
1828 Wesster, Zsotery, mystery; secrecy. (Little used.) 
1879 G. Merepitu Zgoist II. i. 7,1 seem to be instructed 
in one of the mysteries of erotic esotery, yet on my word I 
am _no wiser, 


Esoundir(e, obs. var. ASUNDER. 


a Alexander 510, 3977. 

| Esox (Z'sgks). abe 6 ezox. ~ CS0X, & 
Gaulish word: cf. Welsh éog, Ir. ach salmon.] The 
name of a large fish mentioned by Pliny (in first 
a app. identified with the Sturgeon) ; the Corpus 

lossary (@ 800) renders the name by /ax, i.e. 
salmon. In mod. Ichthyology used as the generic 
name of the Pike. 

¢ 1520 L. ANprewe Noble Lyfe in Babees Bh. 234 Ezox is 
a very grete fisshe in that water danowe be the londe of hun- 
garye, he is of suche bygnes that acarte with iiij horses can 
nat cary hym awaye .. he hath swete fisshe [? flesh] lyke a 

rke. 1706 Puituirs, Zsox, a great Fish in the River 

ine; a Lax. x74 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. m. i. 

303 The Esox or Pike. 1854 Bapuam Hadlieut. 296 Pliny’s 
esox (a name which modern ichthyology has imposed upon 
the pike) is evidently a misnomer. 

Esp(e, obs. form of Asp!, 

+Esparce. Ols. [a. F. esface:—L. spatium: 
see SPACE.] = SPACE. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 340/3 In that espace of tyme the 
kynge and mo than Ix thousand men were baptysed. c 1490 
—Blanchardyn 146 We. .haue ben a longe espace wyth hym. 

Espacement (éspéismént). Arch. [a. F. es- 
pacement, f. espacer to space out.) The action of 
spacing, or of placing at suitable distances. 

1867 A. Barry Life Sir C. Barry iv. 95 The espacement 
of the windows. 

|| Espadon. [a. F. espadon, app. a. Sp. espadon, 
augmentative of espada sword: cf. It. spadone.] 
A long two-handed sword used in 15-17th c. 

1846 FairnoLt Costume 494 Esfadon, a long sword of 
Spanish invention. 1881 Blackw. Mag. May 565 The horse- 
man’s huge espadon of six feet long. 

|| Esp’ olette. [Fr. espagnolette, f. espag- 
nol Spanish.] The fastening of a French window; 
also attrib. 

1870 Daily News 20 Dec., Had he fallen it might have 
been the better for him; but the neckcloths and the espag- 
nolette held fast and prevented him. 1876 Gwitt Excycé. 
Archit. 687 For French casements, what is called the Es- 
pagnolette bolt is now in use. 1887 Pad? Mall G. 19 Sept. 
5/2 Paris has espagnolette windows opening like doors. 

Espaire, var. form of EsPetre. Ods. 

ng gore (éspze'liaz), sd. Also 7 espaliere. 
[a. F. espalier, ad. It. spalliera ‘wainscot work to 
lean the shoulders against’ (Florio), hence, stakes 
of the same height, f. sfa//a shoulder. Cf. Sp. espa- 
lera, espaldera, of same meaning.] 

1. A kind of lattice-work or frame-work of stakes 
upon which fruit-trees or ornamental shrubs are 
trained ; also the stakes individually. 

1741 Compl. Fam. Piece u. iii. 356 Repair your Espaliers, 
and fasten your Fruit-trees thereto. 1754 IODSLEY Agrt- 
culture u. (R.), His ripening fruits Display their sweet 
temptations from the wall, Or from the gay espalier. 1816 
Kirpy & Spence Entomol. xiv. (1828) I. 436 The upright 
putrescent espaliers of vine-props. 1862 ANsTED Channel 
Isl. n1. viii. 168 The willow. .is much used, its young shoots 
being employed to tie up the fruit trees to the espaliers. 

2. A fruit-tree trained on a lattice, usually of 
woodwork, or on stakes. 

1662 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 223 Plant your fairest 
Tulips .. under Espaliers. 1731 Pore Ef. Burlington 78 
Behold Villario’s ten years toil compleat, His Quincunx 
darkens, his Espaliers meet. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 
I. 541 Espaliers of European grapes in gardens have long 
ago been introduced. 1833 Tennyson Blackbird, The 
espaliers and the standards all Are thine. 

+3. A row of trees so trained. Ods. 

1712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 3 A Fruit-Garden 
planted. .in long Espaliers. 1738 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. 
Batardier, Fruit-Trees .. placed in Espaliers or elsewhere, 
instead of a dead Tree. i 2 

4. attrib. and Comé., chiefly simple attrib; also 
espalierwise adv., in the form of an espalier. 

1717 BerkeLey Zour [taly 16 Jan., Espalier hedges .. 
Bs ay the ornaments of this place. 1 Brap.ey Fam. 
Dict. s.v. Garden Fences, The Horse-Chesnut .. will bear 
forming Espalierwise. 1806 Miss Mrrrorp in L'Estrange 
Friendship (1882) I. 20 One of the espalier apple-trees in 
the garden is a perfect picture. 1858 GLENNY Card. Every- 
day Bk. 102/1 Espalier Trees may be much more easily 
cleaned of vermin. 1 

Espalier (espz'lior), v. [f. pree.sb.] trans. 
a. To train as an espalier. b. To furnish or 
surround with an espalier. 

1810 Br. Corteston Refi. to Edin. Rev. in Mem. (1851) 
329 We want not men who are clipped and espaliered into 
any form which the whim of the gardener may dictate, 
1846 in WorcesTER; and in mod Dicts. 

Hence Espa‘liered #/. a., Espa‘liering vd/. sb. 

1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xi. § 9 Latticed and es- 

iered cottages. 1865 Miss Brappon Doctor's Wife iii, 
There were roses and sweet-brier, espaliered apples. 1882” 
Grul. Derbysh. Archxol. Soc. 1V. 154 He appears to be 
engaged in that form of training trees called espaliering. 

+ Espa-nolize. v. Obs. rare. [f. Sp. espasiol 
Spanish + -1zE; cf. Fr. espagnoliser.] trans. To 
make ata to naturalize in Spain. 

1630 Wapvswortn Sf. Pilgr. 1 The life of the English 
Vor. III. : 


289 


Espanoliz’dtrauailer. 1658 Ossorn Yas. /(1673) 477 Gondo- 
mar and our Espanolized English took this last advantage. 
Esparagrass, obs. corruption of ASPARAGUS. 

rit Life § Char. R. Thornhill 6 To suck two or three 
Esparagrass’s. 

+ Esparreet. Ovs. [a. F. esparcet, esparcette; 
cf. Sp. esparceta.] (See quot.) 

1669 Wor.incE Syst. Agric. (1681) 31 Esparcet is a kind 
of St. Foyn, and by some judged to be the same. So 1708 
Mortimer Husd, (ed. 2) 1. 36. 1736-1800 in Bartey; and 
in mod. Dicts. 

+ Espa‘rse, v. Obs. _[ad. OF. esparse-r, f. es- 
pars (mod.¥. épars):—L. spars-us, pa. pple. of 
Spargére to scatter.] ¢rans. To scatter. 

1625 Liste Du Bartas, Noe 181 Into th’ esparsed pipes 
0’ th’ Sommier thorow bored. 

Esparto (éspa‘sto). Also 6, 8 sparto. [a. Sp. 
esparto:—L. spartum, ad, Gr. omdprov a rope made 
of omdpros, either the same plant or Spanish 
Broom (Spartium junceum).] A kind of rush 
(Macrochloa or Stipa tenacissima), called by some 
Spanish grass, imported from Spain and the north 
coast of Africa, for manufacture into paper. In 
ancient times it was, and in Spain is still, made 
into cordage, shoes, and other articles. Also 
called esparto grass. 

{1591 Percivat. Sf. Dict., Esfarto..a kinde of tree 
whereof they make frailes. 1779 H. Swinpurne Trav. 
Spain 6 Making ropes, baskets, and shoes, of a small rush 
or reed called esfarto.] 1868 Q. Rev. No. 248. 356 Printed 
upon paper made from esparto alone. 1883 Pad/ Mall G. 
11 Sept. 9/1 At Lloyd’s paper mills, Sittingbourne, the .. 
cover of a boiler used for boiling esparto and straw blew off. 

attrib, 1791 J. TowNsEND Fourn. Spain 111, 130 The es- 

arto rush makes good mats for houses. 1878 Hooker & 

ALL Marocco 335 Large bales of esparto grass .. from the 
adjoining province of Haba. 1888 Pall Madi G. 27 Oct. 9/1 
An esparto boiler burst in the North of Ireland Paper Mills. 

Espathate (spé'-pet), a. Lot. [f. E- pref3+ 
L. spatha SpatHE + -ATE?.] Not having a spathe 
(1866 Treas. Bot.). 

+ Espaut. Ods. rare—'. [ad. F. espeautre (now 
épeautre) :—L. spelta SPELY.] Millet or spelt. 

a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tyacts (1684) 22 For Milium is 
more agreeable unto Spelta or Espaut [than unto Rye], as 
the Dutch and others still render it. 

+Esperccion. Os. rare—'. [as if a. OF. 
*especcion, repr. L. spectionem looking, f. speccve to 
look.] Looking, beholding. 

14.. Epiph. in Tundale’s Vis, (1843) 112 And ever the 
more they loked besyly The more thei lyked in especcyon. 

+Espe'ce. Ots. See also Esrice. [a. Fr. es- 
pece, corresp. to Pr. e)specta, It. specie :—L. species. 

In OF. the normal phonetic representative of L. species 
was espice (mod, épice Spice); the form esfece (mod. esféece) 
is influence by Lat., Pr. or It.] 

Kind, species. 

1602 Secar Hon. Mil. & Civ. 1. xxv. 32 The Romanes 
vsed diuers Especes..of Cassing. 1659 Macatto Can. 
Physick ii. 3 It rests to find out the Espece or kind of the 
disease. ? 

+ Especial, sb. [Corruption of esfza/, due to 
the influence of L. specéve to look, or possibly to 
confusion with next.] = Esprau 1 and 2 a. 

a1500 Chaucer's Friar’s T. 23 (MS. Petworth especiale, 
MSS. Corpus, Lansd. especiaile; other MSS. have the 
correct reading espiaille]. 1548 Haiti Chron. (1809) 283 
His especials and Explorators declared and accompted to 
hym that all the Realme was up. 1555 Epen Decades 

. Ind. u. 11. (Arb.) 112 One of their coompanye standynge 
vppon the toppe of a hyghe rocke of especiall .. beganne to 
crye Lynnyn sayles. 

special (éspe'fal), a. Forms: 4 especiale, 
4-7 -all(e, 5-6 especyal(l, (5 asspeciall, 5-6 
asp-, espesyal(1, 6 esspecial, 6-7 aspeciall, 7 
especil, -shal, -tial(1), 4- especial. [a. OF. 
especial (mod.F. sfécial, assimilated to the L. 
form), ad. L. sfecéa/is (see SPECIAL) belonging to 
or concerned with a particular species, special as 
bd ga to general (in med.L. current in legal 
an peecphics! use), f. species Sprcies. Cf. 
Pr., Sp. especial, It. speztale. (Lat. words with 
initial sf, st, sc, adopted into Fr. before 15th c. 
usually assumed a euphonic e.) 

In OF, the word had developed the secondary sense ‘ pre- 
eminent, important’ (for the transition cf, particular), In 
Eng. the two forms esfeciad and sfeciad differ materially in 
use ; the latter (owing perh. to its closer relation to the 
L. etymon) is preferred in applications arising proximately 
from the primary sense, while the former is chiefly confined 
to the derivative sense. The distinction is still more marked 
in the advs. especially, specially.) 

1. In senses now commonly expressed by SPECTAL. 

a. Special as opposed to general (arch.); also 
in Law especial pleading, especial tail. +. 
Particular, individual, ‘ specific’ (ods.). +e. Pro- 
vided for a particular purpose (0és.). 

c 1400 Rom. Rose 6717 Lo heere the caas especial. 1574 
tr. Littleton’s Tenures 103 b, By especial pleading he may 
be barred of the action that he sueth. 1604 SHaxs. Oth. 1v. 
ii. 225 There is jall Commission come from Venice. 
1614 Marxnam Cheap Hus. 1. xi. (1668) 49 Spoylin; 
especial member by some ee contraction. 1628 CoKE 
On Litt. 26 In this case the husband hath an estate in 
especiall taile. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison (1781) 1, xxvi. 
189, I shall dispatch what I shall farther write..by an 


ESPEIRE. 


especial messenger. 1824 Byron Yuan xv. xxv, And ren- 
d’ring general that which is especial. 

2. Pre-eminent, exceptionally distinguished. For- 
merly often in phrase (my) especial friend (cf. 3). 
Now chiefly of feelings, qualities, or attributes: 
Exceptional in degree. (Ods. in predicative use.) 

In examples of 2 and 3 sfecial may commonly be substi- 
tuted with little change of meaning. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melibeus P 200 First schul ye clepe to 
youre counseil a fewe of youre frendes that ben especial. 
1494 Fanyan 1. xxx. 22 He had hym in shorte whyle in es- 

eciall fauoure. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. x. (1611) 29 

auseth them to haue especiall respect in making lawes. 
1603 Knoties Hist. Turks Ep. Ded., My most especiall 

‘ood friend Sir Peter Hamond Knight of the Bath. c 1630 

ISDON Surv. Devon § 28 (1810) 34 It is one of the especial- 
est fisher towns of this shire. 1841 Lane Arad, Nts. 1. 95 
And among my books is one of most especial value. 1860 
TYNDALL Glac. 1. xxviii. 397 One fact of especial importance 
is to be borne in mind. 

3. Belonging pre-eminently to a particular person 
or thing; pertaining chiefly to one particular case. 

1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) II. 1. vii. 152 Every pas- 
sion, every vice had its especial demon. 1868 M. Parri- 
son (t/tle', Suggestions on Academical Organization, with 
especial reference to Oxford. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) I. 
3p I must repeat one thing. . for your especial benefit. 

. Ln especial, also rarely by especial: in par- 
ticular; especially; particularly. Ods. exc. arch. 
(Oceas. written as one word ; cf. INESPECIALLY.) 

¢1390 CuHAucer 7ruth 25 And in especial Drawe unto 
hym and pray in general. c¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. 
xxi, (1869) 15 Pilke he wolde bi especial weren ministres and 
scrueres to him. 14.. Pol. Kel. & L. Poems (1866) 49 At 
thys parlament most in Asspeciall. 1475 Bh. Noblesse 20 
In divers regions, and inespecialle in Fraunce and Nor- 
mandie. 1477 Eart Rivers Dictes (Caxton) 74 a, He wold 
haue reserued them inespeciall in his sayd dictes. _ 1540 
CoverDaLe Old Faith Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. iii. 21, I will 
now speak of every word in especial. 1828 Scotr 7. AZ. 
Perth xxix, His word, which he addressed to me in es- 
pecial. 1860 J. KEnNepy Szvad/ow B. 14 In especial, I had 
failen into some unseemly prejudices. 1881 S. Corvin Life 
Landor 187 Whether it was of these four dramas and of 
Count Julian in especial, or of all Landor’s dramatic .. 
writings together, that, etc. — 

+ 5. quasi-sé. An especial point, a ‘particular’. 

1633 D. Rocers 77eat. Sacram. 1. 173 In this conceive 
these sixe especialls..breefely. 1. The excellencie of the gift 
.-6. The manner of exhibiting. 

+6. quasi-adv. 

rsgr F. Sparry tr. Cattan's Geomtancie 123 It is especiall 
good to goe to dwell with great Princes and Lordes. 

a mad peheoges . Obs, [f. prec. + -1ry.] An 
especial point or detail. 

c1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. (1714) 52 Noble and 
grete Costs .. of which it is not now possible to the Writer 
herof, for to remember the Especialities. 

cael eters f (éspe‘fali), adv. [f. as prec. + -LY 2.] 
In an especial manner; principally, chiefly. Also 
in phr. + 2 esfectally (sce also INESPECIALLY). In 
later use also with adjs.: In an especial degree. 

7 a 1400 Chester Pl, (1843) 1. 105 Sybbell, I praye thee especi- 
allye, etc. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. v. ili, Evander. .dyd 
well abounde In many vertues, especially in lernyng. 1557 
Nort tr. Guevara's Diall. Pr. 92 a/t The women, 
& in especially greate ladies, know not, etc. 1581 Mar- 
peck Bh, of Notes 685 And then the Priest prayed in 
generall for all estates and degrees, and for increase of grace, 
and in especially if neede required. 1640 in Hamilton 
Papers (Camden Soc.) App. 259 Hereof_he was espetially 
advertised by the Hammiltons. 1677 Jounson in Xay's 
Corr. (1847) 127 Great shoals of salmon .. often take in at 
the mouths of our rivers, especially if the north bar be 
open. 1747 WesLEY Prim. Physic (1762) 30 It sometimes 
cures an Ague especially in Children. 1834 Newman Par. 
Serm. (1837) I. 1v. 61 Unless they are especially watchful. 
1863 LyeLt Axtig. Man g Around the borders of the bogs 
..lie trunks of trees, especially of the Scotch fir. 1875 
Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 130 Two points in his criticism 
are especially deserving of notice. 

Especialness (éspefalnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The state of being especial. 

x61r W. Loe Bisse Brightest Beautie (1614) 25 (R.) Your 
precious diamond in especialness. 1828in WEBSTER. 1846 
in Worcester; and in mod. Dicts. 

+Espe‘cialty. Ods. [ad. OF. esfecialté, AF. 
espectaulté (in espectaulté d’escrit special mention 
in writing ; cf. sense 2), f. especéal: see ESPECIAL.) 

1. An especial degree (of anything). _ 

1606 J. Kine 4th Serm. Hampt.Crt. 41 In time of perse- 
cution the especialty and difference of honour might bee 
allotted to such men. 

2. Law. A contract by deed ; = SPECIALTY. 

1576 Lamparve tr. Customadl in Peramb. Kent 426 The 
chartre of the King of this especialtie is in y° custodie of 
Sir Jhon of Norwood. 1588 J. Metis Brief Instr. F vj, 
Your especialties, as are billes ofhande. 1602 FULBECKE 22d 
Pt. Parall. 65 It is an inconuenience in reason, that an 
especialtie sealed and solempnlie deliuered, should be 
auoyded by the bare agreement of the parties. 1641 Termes 
de la Ley 239 It behooveth to him that bringeth the Writ 
to shew forth an Especialty. 2 

Espede, var. of ExPEDE v. Obs. to dispatch. 

1558 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 507/1 All signatouris, letteris of 
gift, and all vthiris letteris ellis esped. 

+ Espei're, espoi're. Ods. Also 4 espeir, 
espeyre, 5 espaire, espoyr 4 aphet. speire. — [a. 
OF. esfeire fem., espeir masc., mod.F. espoir, f. 
esperer to hope. Cf. Pg. esfer masc., Sp. espera 
fem.] Hope, expectation. 

37 


ESPELERS. 


1393 Gower Conf. I. 211 To putten Rome in full espeire 
[v. 7. espeyre]. /bid. 111. 33 And as the plover doth of aire, 
I live and am in good espeire. c¢xg00 St, Alexius (Laud 
622) 1030 To pi comyng was al my speire, To haue Fe of 
pee myne eire. c1400 Test. Love 11.(1560) 287/r The good 
were weived and put out of espoire of the knot. ¢ 
Castle Hd. Life of St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2 
him with gude espaire. 1475 Caxton ¥ason 7 b, The founde- 
ment upon whiche my total espoyr and hope resteth. 

+Erspelers, 50. 7/. Ods. Snags or dentela- 
tions on the hinder edge of the palm or broad 
upper part of a buck’s horn; = SPILLER. 

oe Bk. St. Albans E iiij, He most haue. .xxiitj espelers 
and then ye may hym call..a grete Bucke, 1692-1732 in 
Cores. 1715 Kersey, Zsfelers, the third Branch 
Harts Horn. 

+Evsperance. Ovs. Also 5-6 esperaunce, 
6 espirance. [a. F. esperance = Pr. esperansa, 
Sp. esperanza, It. speranza:—late L. *sperantia, f. 
spézrare to hope.] _ Expectation, hope. 

©1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode . Civ. (1869) 56 Pe burdoun 
hatteth esperaunce. 1474 Caxton Chesse 51 Made hym to 
sitte besyde hym for to geue hym good esperaunce. a 1508 
Henryson Gamut Good Ladies viii, in Gilfillan Spec. Brit. 
Poets (1861) I. 58 Her sleeves should be of esperance To 
keep her from despair. 1552 Lynpesay Monarche w. 5632 
On the left hand of that gret Iuge, But espirance to gett 
refuge. 1605 SHaxs. Lear iv. i. 4 The lowest and most de- 
iected thing of Fortune, Stands still in esperance. a 1651 
Catperwoop Hist. Kirk (1842-6) III. 9 In assured hope 
and esperance to recover his oun rowme. 

b. Used as a watchword or battle-cry. 

1596 Suaxs. 1 //en. /I’, v. ii. 97 Now Esperance Percy, 
and set on. 1649 G. Danie 7rinarch., Hen. IV, ccc, 
Esperance ! Noe, the word is, face about. 

+Evsperate. Ols. [?; cf. Esparcer.] 

1626 A. SPEED Adam out of E. v. (1659) 38 The Country 
where Esperate or Clovergrass is most in use at this day is 
Daphine towards the quarter of Day. 


+Esperduct. Os. [altered form (after Latin) 
of OF. esperduite fem. :—L. *experducta, fem. of 
experductus, pa. pple. of experdicétre, f. ex out + 


of the 


drawn out to a certain length ; a rod. 

1866 Rocers Agric. & Prices I. xix. 472 Steel [in 13th c.] 
is generally sold by the garb or sheaf, containing thirty 
esperducts or gads. 

+Esperite. Ovs. [a. OF. esperite (mod.F. 
esprit): see Esprit, Esprite.] =Spirir. 


290 


LA , kind. In 14-15th c. also Spice. 
1386 aucer Parson's T. ® 374 The especes [v. 7. 
ices} that sourden of pri . Crysten Men W. 
de W. 1506) 1v. vi. 181 maners and dyuers espyces, the 


2. An aromatic drug ; now SPICE. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 112/4 Yf all the espyces of the 
world had ben stamped to gy smellyd 


so well. 

lI Repidgie (espzegl), a. [F. espi2gle, ? corrup- 
tion of Ger. Lulenspiege, the name of a personage 
of fiction, reno for his practical jokes.] Fro- 
licsome, sprightly, roguish. 

1816 Scorr Old Mort. xxxvii, Features, originally sly and 
espiegle in expression. 1819 Byron Yuan xvi. , Her 
black, bright, downcast, yet espitgle eye Had gather’d a 


ar ea ow its corner. 5 ' 
2 spléglerio (espéeglar?’). aig espidglerie, f. 
espiegle.| Frolicsomeness, roguishness. 

1816 Scott Axtig. vi, A pretty young woman .. with an 
air of espidglerie which became ber very well. 1852 Smep- 
Ley L. Arundel xxxviii, Which act of un-English-woman- 
like espiéglerie must be set down to the score of a foreign 
education. 

Espier (éspsi'ar). Forms: 4 aspier, 4-5 espi-, 
espyour, 6- espier. [f. Espy v. + -ER1.] One 
who espies or spies out ; +a spy. 

1382 Wycur Heér. xi. 31 She [Raab] takynge, or recey- 
uynge, the aspiers with pees. ¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 
II. xi. (1869) 79 A cherl, shrewede, prowd, and daungerous.. 
hath m: him an espyour of weyes. 1587 J. Harmar tr. 
Beza’s Serm. 175 (T.) Ye crafty espiers of the necessity of 
your poor brethren. 1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 58 Ephraim. . 
would himself be a seer, an espier of future events. 1886 
Burton Arad. Nts. (abr. ed.) 1. 146 Not an inhabited house 
appeared to the espier. 


spiery (éspaiéri). rave. [f. prec.+-¥.] The 


| action or habit of espying. Const. of 


1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop, Educ. ix. (ed. 2) 224 The 
espiery of the letter’s confidence at home. 


+Espine'l. Os. [ad. F. espznelle (Cotgr.), 


: | later spznelle.] A kind of ruby; = SPINEL. 
per through + dicére to lead.) A portion of steel | 


1475 CAxTon Yason 94 b, Your esperite is trauailled with | 


newe fantasies. I 
the euyl esperites take their habyte and their bodyes. 


+Esperon. /ortif. Obs. [a. OF. esperon (mod. 


F. éferon) in same sense (lit. ‘spur’).] A work ° 


projecting beyond the line of the ramparts; a 
Spur. 
zat Ive Fortif. 21 The wall and it esperons or counter- 
feit being laid out, begin to raise of the same. 
Esperver, var. SPARVER Ods. sparrow-hawk. 
Espial (éspai'al). Forms: 4 espi-, espyaile, 
-lle, (expyayle), 4-7 espiall(e, 6-7 espyal(l, 5- 
espial. [a. OF. esfiaz/le the action of spying 
(concr. in pl. ‘ spies’), f. espzer, mod.F. épier: see 
Espy v.] 
1. The action of espying or spying. 
a. The acting as a spy; the action of keeping 
watch; observation. Also aftrid. 
¢1386 Cuaucer Melibeus P 353 Thanne schal ye evermore 
counterwayte embusshementz and alle espiaille. 1393 Gower 
Conf. IIl. 56 For bs coe and mistrowinges ey dide 
thanne suche thinges, That every man might other knowe. 
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 11a, Be ware well that 
thou be not supprised by thin ennemyes, for lakke of wache 
and good espial. 1552 Huoet, Esfiad/ place, or corner to 
spye out of. x612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl. O. T. xix. ix, 
here are spies upon him, whose espials have moved their 
anger. 1848 Dickens Dombey 256 The Captain .. cut a 
small hole of espial in the wall. 1876 Miss Brappon 7. 
Haggara’s Dau. 1. 73 A little room next the hall-door, a 
closet of espial. é 
+b. Detection, discovery. Obs. 
a1ss7 G. Cavenvisn Life Wolsey (T.), After the espial of 
this my lord revealed the same unto the Council. 
e. The action of espying or catching sight of 
anything ; the fact of being espied. 
bg Basincton Exp. Lord’s Prayer (1596) 212 A true 
espiall of sanctification of life in our selues. 1683 tr. Zrasm. 
orig Enc, 24 They are as Eagle-sighted as may be in 
the espial of others faults. 1814 Byron Corsair 1. xvii, 
Conrad’s prow pass’d by, Screen’d from espial by the jutting 
cape. 1830 Hoop Haunted Houset. ix, Roses with thistles 
are ee for espial. 2 ; _ 
+2. concr. A body of spies ; hence (chiefly in £7.) 
a spy, scout. Ods. 
om, Cuaucer Friar’s T. 23 Ful prively he had his es- 
piaile. 153x Exyor Gov. i. vi, Dauid by an espiall knewe 
that they were all faste on slepe. a@1572 Knox Hist. Ref. 
Wks. 1846 I. 452 The Quene had amangis us her assured 
espiallis. 1577-87 HotinsnEp Chron, I. 174/2 His [Harold's] 
vnskilfull espials tooke the Normans for priests. 
Jer. Tavtor Gt. Exemp. v. § 31 Our Judge stands as an 
espial and a watch over our actions. Hotcrorr 
Procopius uu. 5x The espialls returning assured him, there 
would bee no invasion. 
transf. 1607 TorseLy S ts (1608) 644 Bees .. when 
the flowers are spent neer their lodgings, send out their 
espials to look for more in places further distant. 


_tEspivce. 00s. [a. OF. espice (mod.F. épice 
in sense 2) :—L. species; see SpEcIES, SPICE.] 


1481 — Myrr. u. xxiv. 117 Of this Ayer | 


1595-6 Bure in Watson Cod/ect. 1. 11 (Jam.) The Espinell, 
a precious stane. 1677 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. (ed. 4) 359 
Here [at Pegu] is store of Gold, Silver .. Espinels, and 
Cats-eyes. 

+Espine'tte. Ods. [a. OF. espinete (mod.F. 
épinette).) = SPINET. 

1668 Perys Diary 15 July, At noon is brought home the 


espinette I bought the other day of Haward. 

Espionage (e'spidnédz). Also espionnage. 
[ad. F. espionnage, f. espionner, f. espion spy: see 
Espioun.] The practice of playing the spy, or of 
employing spies. 

1793 Lp. AUCKLAND Corr. (1861) II. 500 Military prepara- 
tions, esfionages, consultations, conferences, etc. 
Bentuam Ration. Rew. 100 To the word espionage a 
stigma is attached. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 
368 The system of espionage with which they [the ecclesi- 
astical courts] had saturated English society. 1870 Deutscu 
Lit. Rem. (1874) 283 The Dominicans .. were especially 
singled out for the function of holy espionage. 

+ Espiot. Ods. rare—', In 5 espyotte. [a. 
OF. et ?a. Pr. espiaut Spit.] A spear. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos |. (1890) 143 Eneas.. launched at 
hym his grete espyotte or spere. 

+ Espi‘oun. Os. [a. F. espion, prob. ad. It. 


spione, of Teut. origin: cf. OHG. sfehan to look | 


out.] A spy, scout. 

1636 E. Dacres tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy m. x. 502 And 
then keepe good espiouns, so that if hee chance to bend to- 
wards thee, thou maist avoyd him at leysure. 

+Espiouress. Oés. [f. espiour (see EsprEr) 
+-Ess.] A female espier. 

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode u. cli. (1869) 136 Bi, hire j am 
deliuered to these old theeues, espyowresses of pilgrimes. 

Espire, obs. var. of Expire. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 131/2 He espyred and deyed in 
grete payne. i : 

Espire. ? Mistake for enspire = INSPIRE. 

€1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 62 Whan [=whom 
(sc. the Virgin Mary)] the holigost, with his swete brethe, 
Gan to espiren as for his chosen place. 

+Espiritual, 2. Os. In 4-5 espiritu- 
el(l, 5 -alle. [a. OF. espirituel (mod.F. spiri- 
tuel) :— L. sfiritual-em.] =SprritvaL in various 
senses. 

1386 Cuaucer Parson’s T.? 79 Manye been the weyes 
espirituels that leden folk to oure Lord Thesu Crist. ¢ 1400 
— Rom. Rose 650 So faire it was, that trusteth well, It 
semed a place espirituell, /d/d. 672 As angels doon espi- 
rituell. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 71b, He that 
multiplieth his temporall goodes dyminueth his espiritualles 
[printed espfalles). 

Esplanade (esplinézi-d). Also 7 aphet. spla- 
nade. [a. F. esplanade, ad. 37 esplanada (corresp. 
to It. spzanata), f. esplanar :—L. explinare to level, 
f. ex out +-planus level, PLAIN.) 

1. Fortif. a. The glacis of the counterscarp, or 
the sloping of the parapet of the covered way 
toward the country. 

1696 in Puiurs. 1755 H. T. Croxer Orlando Fur. 
x1v. exxix, The Pagan forces .. by ladders different essay’d 
Upon the second esplanade to creep, 1811 WELLINGTON in 
Gurw. Dis. VIL. 331 There was a heavy fire of musketry 
on the Esplanade : so that the enemy are not in the covered 


va “An open, level space of ground, separating 


1825 


ESPOUSAL. 


the citadel of a fortress from the town’ (Stocqueler 
Mil. Encycl.). 

1708 Kersey, Esplanade ..is now chiefly taken for the 
vill Spee ween the Glacis of a Citadel, and the first 
Houses of a Town. 1736 in Bawey. 1763 Scrarton Jndo- 
stan iii. (1770) 72 The was a regular square..no is 5 
and but a esp! of about two hundred and fifty 
Pssors 1824 Scorr St. Ronan’s xvii, The esplanade in the 
ront of the old castle. 1855 MotLey Dutch Rep. (1861) Il. 


455 Throwing up a k.. upon the 
ee te canted nel Ge 7 


6 18x 

[Spain] to be effectually defended on this side, the 

d to evacuate and make an esplanade 
x Sierra Morena; which thus would be 
the line of defence to her capital, Seville. 

2. A levelled piece of ground; often, such a 
space intended to serve as a public promenade. 

1682 WHELER Yourn, Greece 1. 31 A 7 , which 
they call the Splanade. 1726 Cavatiier Mem. 1. 96 A fine 
Walk, call'd the Es le, without the Town. 1788 Gent/. 
Mag. LVIII. 1. 69/2 An esplanade. .on which. .the founda- 
tions of a regular street were laid. G. Rose Diaries 
(1860) II. 199, I went on the espl: [at Wi h) 
early in the morning. 1823 Heser Narr. 
(1828) I. 28 Behind the [Calcutta] esplanade, 
only Tank-square, and some other streets occupied 
peans, 1831 CartyLte Sart. Res. (1858) 12 The Palace 
esplanade, where music plays while Sacme is 

leased to eat his victuals, Kinciake Crimea (1876) 

. xiv. 296 The Esplanade of the Invalides, 


b. transf. A level open space. 

168: BLount Glossogr., lanade, a plain ground. 
1702 W. J. tr. Bruyn’s Voy. Levant v. 13 mountain 
we met with an Esp) e of a considerab —— 1768 
SteRNE Sent. Yourn., The Dwarf, At the of the or- 
chestra, and betwixt that®and the first side-box, there is a 


small esplanade left. 1823 Scorr Quentin D. iii, An opes 
esplanade, devoid of trees. 1868 Mirman St. Paul's i. 2 No 
eminence .. could compare with the spacious esplanade on 
which St. Paul’s stands. 
c. ‘In modern gardening, a grass plot’ (T.). 
1818 in Topp. 1828 in WessTeR; and in mod. Dicts. 
Esplees (espl7‘z), sd. p/. Law. [ad. AF. esplez, 


| esplets, pl. of OF. esplet, espleit, esploit revenue :—L. 


explicitum, neut. pa. pple. of explicare to unfold, 
in vulg. Lat. to develop, extract, accomplish. Cf. 
Expioit, which is ultimately the same word.] 
The products which ground or land yield ; as the 
hay of meadows, herbage of pasture, corn of arable, 
rents, services, etc.; also, the lands, etc. them- 
selves. (Wharton.) 

1598 Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 252 It behoveth 638 


the Esplees in court. 1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (16 


357 The demandant must alledge the aking co a ts, 
we call it esplees, in the declaration 1cuois Britton 


II. 135 Inasmuch as he never took esplees in full seisin 
before the death of the tor. 

Espleitie, esploit(e, obs. ff. of Exprorr. 

Espoire, var. of Esperr, Ods., hope. 

+Espontoon. Os. [ad. Fr. esponton (cf. 
Sp. esfonton), ad. It. spuntone : Someones) A 
half pike carried by an infantry officer; = SPON- 
TOON. é 

1772 Simes Mil, Guide, s.v. 1815 Sourney in Q. Rev. XII. 
339 Capt. Lewis slipped and .. recovered himself by means 
of his espontoon, 1838 Srarxs Biog. W. Eaton ii. 1X. 173 
Was met in his advance by the other, with his espontoon. 

+Espou'sage. Ols. Also 6 esposage. See 
SpousacE. [a. OF. esposage, espousage, f. esposer, 
espouser to EspousE.] a. The action of espousing 
or betrothing. 1b. The condition of being espoused 
or married, spousehood, wedlock. 

149 Latimer ist Serm. bef. Edw. VI. (Arb.) 4,70 . 
leade bye life in pure and chaste esposage. 1599 R. GrEEN- 


ioyned in mariage, and that was called their espousage. 

Espousal (éspawzil), sb. (a.) Forms: 4-5 
espousaile, 5-7 espousel, -elle, (5 espoisalle, 
espousayl(l)e), ¢: espousall, & espousal. 
Also SrousaL. [a. OF. espousailles (mod.F, épou- 
sailles), corresp. to Pr. esposalhas, Cat. esposallas, 
OSp. esponsalias :—L. sp alia, neut. pl. of spon- 
sales adj., f. S, yeaa see EspouseE v.] 

1. In plural, formerly also in sing. The formal 
‘ plighting of troth’ between a man and a woman ; 
the whole of the ceremonies constituting or accom- 


panying this. a. The celebration of a ma iage ; 
nuptials, a wedding. b. The celebration slate: 
trothal. 

Now merely literary and somewhat archaic. It seems b- 
able that the sense ‘ marriage’ was the original one in Eng., 
an t the sense ‘betrothal’ arose at a late date through 


used in Can 

a. [c1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 308 Pe courte of Rome 
had ordeynd pat “et Wyctir Gen. xxix. 26 It 
is not of custom in oure place, t 


nyght after the les .. Clotyldis .. said to the 
thay Act 14$ 35 Hon, TT, c. 8 uery of them so maryed 


peor le] were borne but one day after the 

ized. _—_ x 
of a meet or like help in the first 1 institu 1719 
Younc & 1. 1, Is not the day then fix'd for your 
capuatiet ab Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 251 The multi- 


ESPOUSE. 


tude .. drank in eagerly the tale of the secret espousals and 
the black box. 

1637 Heywoop Diad. 311 My espousals remaine in 
my Fathers power, and not mine. ¢ 1645 Howett Lef#é. 1. ut. 
xxXvi. (1655) I. 146 In the interim the Earl was commanded 
not to deliver the aforesaid Proxy of the Prince for the despon- 
sorios or espousall untill Christmas. 1726 Aytirre Parerg. 
246, I shall here..define Espousals to be a mutual Promise 
of a future Marriage. 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth ix, After 
the espousals of the Duke of Rothsay with the Earl of 
March’s daughter, Douglas entered the lists to break off 
the contract. 1846 Masxett Mon. Rit. I. p. ccxxii, Lynd- 
wood tells us the distinction which there is between es- 
pousals and matrimony. ‘ Sunt etiam Sponsalia repromissio 
futurarum nuptiarum,’ etc. ; 

e. fig. esp. in spiritual sense, of the ‘ marriage’ 
of the soul or the church to God or Christ. 

[1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 138 The spousayle that ys 
Gateeane tare Lorde Iesu Cryste and holy chyrche.] @ ape 
Knut. de la Tour cix. (1868) 147 Where as was made the 
espoisalle, and the alyaunce, and knyttynge of the godhede 
vnto the manhode. r6xx Biste Yer. ii. 2. 1738 WESLEY 
Hymn, ‘ Fesus, Thou everlasting King’ ii, Let every Act of 
Worship be Like our Espousals, Lord, to Thee. 1849 Ro- 
BERTSON Sevmt. Ser. 1. iii. (1866) 44 In the first espousals of 
the soul. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Mon. Ord. Introd. (1863) 
22 To solemnise the espousals of sanctity and poverty. 1855 
J. H. Newman Cadllista xix, We have possession of Him 
(Christ]. It is an espousal for eternity. 

+2. In phrases Zo break one's espousal(s (=+‘ to 
break spouse’), to hold espousal, to violate, be 
faithful to, the marriage vow. Also (sizg. and Z/.), 
the married state. Ods. 

[1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 1621 Grete mede he getyp 
.. Pat wele wil holde his spousayle. c 1340 Cursor M. 7849 
(Trin.) Isaac his son in spousaile was.] 1393 GowER Conf 
II. 322 [He] had his espousaile broke. 1545 UpaLL Evasm. 
Par. (1548) Pref. 15 b, Estate and dignitie of espousall and 
mariage. 1549 Latimer 1st Serm. bef Edw. VJ, (Arb.) 36 
He [King Lewis] had rather be sycke euen vnto death then 
he wold breake his espousals. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 
8b, The thirde parte of the tenementes, which were her 
husbandes duringe the espousels. 

3. [With sense as if f. the vb.; cf. arrival, with- 
drawal, etc.| In sing. only. The action of es- 
pousing. Const. of a. Jit. In mod. Dicts. 

b. fg. (cf. Espouse v. 4] The ‘espousing’ a 
cause, a principle, etc.; ‘the taking up the de- 
fence (of a person). Now somewhat rare. 

1674 Ch. & Court of Rome 34 The espousal and owning of 
this bloody Fact, after its execution. 1681 in Se/ect. Hari. 
Misc. (1793) 466 peg é reckoned they had wrought him to 
such an espousal of his brother, etc. 1683 Addr. fr. Car- 
marthen in Lond. Gaz. No. 1856/5 The Fanaticks pious pre- 
tences in the espousals and pursuits of the most Barbarous 
Villanies. @1716 Soutu Serm. VIII. vii. (R.), The scene.. 
is properly private revenge, not a zealous espousal of the pub- 
lick injuries. @1797 H. Watrote (T.), Political reasons 
forbid the open espousal of his cause. . 

4. concr. An espoused person, a husband or wife. 

c1470 Harpinc Chron. Proem xiii, To his espousaile, 
The dukes doughter of Melayn. 1611 SpeeD Hust. Gt. 
Brit. 1x. xxi. § 67, I neither will nor intend to consent..vnto 
the said Lady Katherine as my espousall and wife. 1620 
Suetron Quix. III. xxi. 146 Therefore, said Basilius, take 
me and I deliver myself as thy Espousal, 

5. attrib. 

1598 Yonc Diana 392 We concluded that the espousall 
rites should bee solemnized in the citie of Lysbone. 1622 
Bacon Hen. VII, 80 Maximilians Ambassadour .. put his 
Legge .. betweene the Espousall Sheets. 1649 Br. Hai 
Cases Consc. 348 A mutuall engagement of both parties that 
they will marry each other; which is most properly an 
espousall-contract. gtd W. Jones Pinger-ring 107 The 
espousal-ring of rem 3 ydaspes. 

9 6. Used as adj. Cf. Spousan a. 

1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. 716 ‘To whom thus Eve.. 
Fraught with espousal tenderness replies, 

+ Espowse, sd. Ods.. Also 5-6 espowse. See 
also SpousE sd. [a. OF. espos, espus, espous (mod.F. 
époux) masc., espuse, espouse (mod. épouse) fem., 
corresp. to Pr. esfos, Sp., Pg. esposo, It. sposo:—L. 
Sponsus ; see ESPOUSE v.] 

1. a. A betrothed person of either sex; also a 
newly-married person, a bride or bridegroom. 

©1475 Partenay 954 The Erle the espouse courtoisly forth 
lad. ¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. 1.141 The good virgin 
Alfreda, knowinge the deathe of her espowse .. convayed 
herselfe into a place named Crolande. 1594 R. Parsons 
Confer. Success. 1. vi. 133 The heyre apparent (which be- 
fore was but espouse,) is made now the true king and hus- 
band of the commonwealth. 1603 HoLianp Plutarch’s 
Mor. 464 Hee would not allow that the new married bride- 
grome should lie with his espouse. 

b. A husband or wife. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xviii. (1890) 68 My true husbande 
& espouse. 1530 Parscr. Ep. 4 Charles Brandon duke of 
Suffolke, her moost worthy espouse. 1642 W. Birp Mag. 
Honor 111 The King’s Espouse is a free person, exempted 
by the Common Law. 1654 tr. Scudery’s Curia Politiz 153 
Immodest and vicious Messalina was the espouse and wife 
of dull and ignoble Claudius. 


+s JS 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 92/2 Thou shalt haue me thyn 
espowse in the Royaume of heuen. a@1gsg Ripvey in Foxe 
A. & M. (1684) III. 364 Christ, who is the most loving 
spouse of his espouse the Church. 

Espouse (éspau'z), v. Also 7 expouse. See 
also SpousE v. [a. OF. espouse-r (mod.F. épouser), 
corresp. to Pr. esfozar, Cat. esposar, It. sposare:— 
L. sponsare, {£. sponsus, pa. pple. of spondére to 
betroth. Cf. Spouse v.] 


291 


+ 1. trans. To contract or betroth (ge. a woman) 
¢o, + with another; also s¢mply. Usually said of 
the parents, or those standing zz loco parentis, 
rarely of the bridegroom. Odés. 

1605 CaMpEN Rew. (1637) 414 Two Lovers who being 
espoused, dyed both before they were married. 161 Bis_e 
2Sam. iil, 14 Deliuer mee my wife Michal, which I espoused 
to mee. — Luke i. 27 To a virgine espoused to a man 
whose name was Ioseph. a@ 1626 Bacon (J.), He had received 
him as a suppliant..and espoused him with his kinswoman. 


tb. fig. To pledge, commit, engage. Ods. 

1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. u. xxiii. § 6 Those that will 
espouse us to many factions and quarrels. 1654 WuitLock 
Zootomtia 225, I will... look on all the changes of Common- 
wealths..without espousing my reason so to any one, as, etc. 
Lbid, 253 To espouse our selves .. to one part of truth, 

2. To take (a person) as spouse; to marry. Said 
chiefly of the man, occas. of the woman. Also of 
the father: To give in marriage #0. 

1475 Caxton Yason 8 And this day Pyrithyon espoused 
the fayr Ypodame. rg11-12 Act 3 Hen. VI//, c. 18 Pream., 
Richarde .. whose dowghter & heyre the seid Syr John 
Rysley espoused & maryed. 1594 Suaxs. Rich. TJ, 1. v. 
18 The Queene hath heartily consented He should espouse 
Elizabeth hir daughter. 1613 Purcnas Pélgr. (1626) 201 
He which shall espouse a woman bringeth witnesses. 1642 
Perkins Prof. Bk. v. § 439. 190 If a man assigne unto 
his wife when he espouses her, at the Church doore [etc.]. 
1725 Pore Odyss. u. 130 If her [Penelope’s] sire approves, 
Let him espouse her to the Peer she loves. 1768 H. Wat- 
PoLe Hist. Doubts 40 Before Edward had espoused the lady 
Grey, he had been contracted to the lady Eleanor Butler. 
1860 Mottey Nether. (1868) I. ii. 55 The Duke of Savoy 
was himself to espouse the Infanta, 

b. transf. and fig. 

1615 G. Sanpys 7vav. 2 On Ascension Day the Duke [of 
Venice] is towed thither [to the sea] in the Bucentoro.. 
where he solemnly espouseth the sea. @171r Ken Psyche 
Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 256 Sweet Jesus to espouse your Spirit 
deigns. 1802 Worpsw. Ox Extinction Venet. Republic, 
And when she [Venice] took unto herself a mate, She must 
espouse the everlasting Sea. 1860 Pusey Mix. Proph. 8 
God .. Who now vouchsafes to espouse ..and unite with 
Himself .. our sinful souls. 

+8. To unite in marriage. Const. éo, also simply. 
“it. and fig. Obs. : 

1593 Suaxs. 2 /ex. VJ, 1. i. g In presence of.. twenty 
reuerend Bishops I.. was espous’d. — Lucy. 20 Kings 
might be espoused to more fame. 1599 — fen. V, 1v. vi. 26 
And so, espous’d to death, with blood, he seal’d A Testa- 
ment of Noble-ending-loue. 

+b. adsol. with reciprocal sense. 

@1700 DrybeN (J.), They soon espous’d; for they with 
ease were join’'d; Who were before contracted in the mind. 

4. trans. To choose, attach oneself to (any ob- 
ject) ; to take to oneself, make one’s own (a cause, 
quarrel, etc.) ; to become a supporter of (a party) ; 
to adopt, embrace (a doctrine, opinion, theory, 
profession, mode of life). [So Fr. éfouser.] 

1622 Bacon Hex. VI/(J.), In gratitude unto the duke of 
Bretagne .. he espoused that quarrel, and declared himself 
in aid of the duke. 1655 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm. xxix. § 5. 
(1669) 333/1 The Mariners needle espousing the North point 
rather than any other. 1667 Drypen Ess. Dram. Poetry 
in Arb. Garner III. 531 And by that means, expouse the 
interest of neither. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. 1. ii. (1673) 18 
You ought not .. to espouse barbarous and foreign Rites. 
1711 Appison Sect. No. 1. ? 6, I never espoused any Party 
with Violence. 1759 Rosertson Hist. Scot. I. 1v. 265 He 
espoused, for this reason, the cause of the Scottish queen. 
1782 PrirstLey Corrupt. Chr. I. 1. 307 The protestants 
espoused .. the doctrine of Austin. 1789 T. JEFFERSON 
Writ, (1859) II. 555 The Parliaments. .were led. .to espouse, 
for the first time, the rights of the nation. 1814 Worpsw. 
White Doe u. 208 Espouse thy doom at once, and cleave 
To fortitude without reprieve. 1825 Lytton Falkland 16 
[They] looked to my support in whatever political side they 
had espoused. 1854 BALFour Bot. 130 Many travellers have 
espoused the vertical theory of wood formation. 

Espoused (éspau'zd), //. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
In senses of the verb. AlJso quasi-sd. 

1611 Biste Lvke ii. 5 To be taxed with Mary his espoused 
wife. 1660 GLANVILL Vanity Dogmat. xiii. 120 The beloved 
Opinion being .. wedded to the Intellect; the case of our 
espoused self becomes our own. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 710 
With Flowers, Garlands, and sweet-smelling Herbs Espoused 
Eve deckt first her Nuptial Bed. x17zor Lapy M. W. Mon- 
TAGUE Lett. II, xlvii. 46 The espoused never see one another 
till three days after their marriage. 1791 Cowrer /diad 1. 
138 My own first espoused. 1828 D’Isrart Chas. /, I, iii. 
39 The female ..was still more actively propagating the 
espoused doctrines, 

|| Espousee’. In 5 espowsee. [OF. esfousee 
(mod.F. éfousée) fem., pa. pple. of espouser (épou- 
ser): see Espousr v.] A bride. 

1480 Caxton Ovid’s Met. x1. viii, They were parents and 
of kynne to the espowsee, 

+Espou'sement. 0O2s.—° [a. OF. espouse- 
ment, £. espouser to Espousk.] The action of 
espousing or marrying ; espousal, marriage. 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

ag are (éspaurzar). [f. EspousE v. + -ER], 
Cf. Fr. &pouseur.] One who espouses. 

1. +a. One who brings about a betrothal or 
marriage. Ods. b. One who makes a contract of 
marriage with (a woman). rare. 

1653 GauDEN Hierasf. 156 As Woers and Espousers..to 
make up. .Espousals, between Christ and the Church. 1828 
in Wesster. 1884 C, Reape Picture 1. ii. in Harper's 
Mag. Mar. 634/2 ‘You have accepted me publicly as your 
betrothed,’ ‘Say my espouser,’ said she, calmly. 


ESPRITE. 


2. One who takes up the cause of (a person, 
party, etc.) ; one who adopts (an opinion, system, 
etc.) ; a partisan, supporter, upholder. 

1654 Hammonp Ausw. Animadv. Ignat. iii. § 4.79 They 
shew themselves far from passionate espousers of Epi- 
scopacy. @ 1687 H. Morr Axszw. Psychop. 109 He seems to 
be an Espouser of this Opinion. 1738 Warsurton Div. 
Legat. 1. 33 Mr. Bayle, the last Espouser of this Paradox. 
1741 Mippteton Cicero I. vi. 519 The most factious espouser 
of a Dictator. 176x ALLEN Serm. Univ. Oxf. 11 (T.) The 
espousers of that unauthorised and detestable scheme. 1828 
in WEBSTER; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Espou'sess. Ods. rare—'. In 6 espowzes. 
[f. Espouse sé. +-rss. Cf. Spousess.] <A bride. 

1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 43 So gloriouse and Princely 
a spowze, to take. .SO poore and meane an espowzes. 

Espouw'sing, v4/. sd. Also 6 espousein. [f. 
EspousE v. + -ING1.] The action of the vb. 
Espouse in various senses. 

1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. xxv. (1638) 106 A Man hath 
two sons, one borne before espousein, and the other after 
espousels, 1632 SHERWoop, An espousing, mariement. 1687 
Bp. Cartwricur in Afagd. Coll, (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 188 The 
espousing of your cause. 

+ Espred, fa. pple. Obs. [for Yspren, pa. pple. 
of SPREAD v. 

1587 Mirr. Mag. (N.\, He layde him then downe by the 
altars side Upon the white hindes skin espred therefore. 

|| Espressivo (espressz-vo), adv. Aus. [It. es- 
presstvo expressive.] With expression. 

Espringal. Ovs. exc. Hist. Also 7 es- 
pringold; and see Sprincatp. [ad. OF. esprin- 
gale (mod.F. espringale), perh. £. Ger. springen 
Spring v, Cf. Pr. espingala, Sp. and Pg. espin- 
garda.) A medieval military engine or catapult 
for throwing stones, bolts, or other missiles. 

1605 CAMDEN Rewz. (1657) 206 Some kind of bricol .. which 
the English and Scots called an espringold. 1795 SouTHEY 
Foan of Arc vu, 250 Some the mangonels supply .. or in 
the espringal Fix the brass-winged arrows. 1840 L. Ritcute 
Windsor C. 215 The espringal, which threw darts that had 
brass plates instead of feathers, to render their flight steady. 

+ Espri‘se, v. Ods. [f. OF. espris, pa. pple. of 
esprendre (mod.F. prendre) in same sense, f. es- 
:—L.ex- + prendre to take.) ¢vans. chiefly pass. To 
set on fire, enkindle, inflame (with love, etc.) ; also 
Zit. (with flame). 

1474 Caxton Chesse u1. ii. (1860) B. vij, She was esprysed 
and taken with his loue. 1483 -— Gold. Leg. 29/2 Whiche 
thyng the holy ghoost maketh whan he espriseth hym of 
hys love. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 206 b/2 
The faces of the other semed as they had be esprysed with 
a dredefull flamme. 1567 Drant Horace’ Epist. xv. E vj, 
Wyne that will make my paramour Esprysed on my face. 

b. To kindle (a passion). 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xiv. (1890) 50 The grete furour en- 
flammed wyth brennyng desire of loue esprysed wythin her 
sinewes. | 

|| Esprit (¢sprz). [Fr., corresp. to Pr. espertt, 
Sperit, Sp. espiritu, Pg. espirito, It. spirito, ad. L. 
Spirit-us SpiRit.] In Fr. primarily ‘ spirit, mind’. 
Hence used in many derivative senses ; those oc- 
curring in Eng. writers are the following : 

1. Sprightliness, vivacious wit in conversation or 
composition (see Littré, Zsprit 15). Formerly in 
wider sense: Cleverness, ‘brains’, ‘nous’ (see 
Littré, Zsprit 13). 

1591 F. Sparry tr, Cattan’s Geomancie 103 If the man 
be of a good esprit and vnderstanding. 1659 Gevtl. Cad. 
iv. § 19. 406 They inscribe upon these poisons the inviting 
names of ingenuity and ‘ esprit’. 1777 Dr. Jeans in Priv. 
Lett. 1st Ld. Malmesbury 1. 353 2 has certainly more 
esprit than the rest, because he knows how to save him- 
self in good time. 1788 Walfoliana cix. 45 Wit, or even 
what the French term esprit, seems little compatible with 
feeling. 1851 Mayne Reiw Scalp Hunt. xx, Frenchmen.. 
singing their boat songs with all the esprit of their race. 
1867 PARKMAN Jesuits N. Amer, xix. (1875) 285 The French 
conceived that they had to do with a man of esprit. 

2. In Fr. phraseological combinations. 

a. Esprit de corps (gsprz d’ kor). [corps body]. 
The regard entertained by the members of a body 
for the honour and interests of the body as a 
whole, and of each other as belonging to it. 

1827 BentHam Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VI. 155 A par- 
ticular community .. such as that of divines, lawyers, mer- 
chants, etc., has its esprit de corps, its corporate affections, 
and other interests. 1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. x. 242 
Esprit de corps ..in each specialized part of the body pol- 
itic, prompts measures to preserve the integrity of that part 
in opposition to other parts. — ; 

b. Esprit fort (gspré for). Pl. esprits forts. 
[Fr. fort strong.] A ‘strongminded’ person ; 
usually, one who professes superiority to current 
prejudices, esf. a ‘ freethinker ’ in religion. 

1750 Chesterf. Lett. ccxii. (1792) II. 311 Whenever you 
happen to be in company with those pretended Zsfrits forts. 
1765 Harris [Lord Malmesbury] Priv. Lett. 1s¢ Ld. Mal- 
mesbury I. 163 To pass for an esprit fort is all their ambition. 
1800 Mar. Epcewortn Belinda xvii, She next tried what 
could be done by talking to her as an esprit fort. 

+Esprite. Ods. [a. Fr. esprit: see prec. Cf. 
EspErItE, SPRITE.] Mind, Spirir. 

Hence Esprited a. [+ -ED*], in dull-esprited= 
dull-spirited. 

sgt F. Sparry tr, Cattan’s Geomancie (1599) 229 A man 
diligent and of a vigilant esprite. did. 107 7 partie is 

37 - 2 


ESPROVE. 


dull esprited, and hath but small vnderstanding. /did. 149 
™ Po esprites vnto whome this my Booke may come. 


sSpro've, v. Obs. [ad. OF. esprove-r (mod. 
F. éprouver), f es- :—L. ex- out + prouver to prove. 


Cf, Pr. esproar.] trans. (refl.) To make trial of * 


(oneself, one’s strength). 

Caxton Ovid's Met. x. viii, Yf ye wil es worship 
or loos ..esprove you agaynst me. cx ‘elusine 224 
Somme castyng the barre of y: , other held theire spere & 
shild and esprouued them self that one on pat other. 

+ Espy’, st. Ods. Also 5 esspie, 3-5 ASPY. 
See also Spy. [a. OF. esfie, f. espier: see ESPY, 
Spy wis. Cf. Sp. espia, It. spia.] ; 

1. The action of espying; espial, espionage. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melibeus ? 60 In such a wyse that thou 
ne wante noon espye ne wacche thy body for to save. ¢1430 
Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 2588 Of here — no thing thei wist. 
1598 Haxtuyt Voy. I. 203 Of these he made subtile inues- 
tigation Of his owne espie, and other mens relation. — 
Torseiy Serpents (1653) 712 The Eagle .. Sharp war .. di 
prepare Gainst Serpent. .after espy. ’ 

. In Wyclif the form aspye occurs often in the 


sense ‘snare, ambush’. ; 

[c 1380 Wycuir Ser. Sel. Wks. II. 363 Aspies pat pe fend 
hab leid. 1382 — Zx. xxi. 13 If eny man_of avysement sle 
his nei3bour and by aspyes. 1388 — Gen. iii. 15 Thou schalt 
sette aspies to hir heele.] 

2. concr. (cf. sentinel, watch, etc.) A spy. 

c1450 Merlin xxviii. 575 The saisnes it wisten by theire 
esspies that thei hadde through the countrey. 1564 Ha- 
warp Lutropius u. 14 Hee had appehenied the espyes 
of Pirrhus. 1598 Barcktey Fedic. Man u. (1603) 111, 
indeede an espie of thy covetc and mad I 
Cart. Smitn Virginia vi. 235 [He] sent his wife as an espy 
to see. 1656 Honpes Liberty, Necess., § C. (1841) 112 This 
argument was sent forth only as an espy, to make a more 
full discovery. 7 

Espy (éspi'), v. Forms: 4-7 espie, -ye, 5- 
espy. Also Aspy. [a. OF. espie-r (mod.F. épier), 
corresp. to Pr. and Sp. espiar, It. spiare :—Com. 
Romanic *spédvre, ad. OHG. spehén (Ger. spiihen) 
to Spy. Cf. L. speceére, Gr. oxéwrea@a to look.] 

+1. trans. To act as a spy upon, to watch (a 
person) ; to inspect as a spy (sometimes with ow?) ; 
to examine closely. Also, to watch for, look out 
for. Obs, 

[c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 37 Tille wikked men scho 
spak, Edward to aspie.] ¢ 1420 Padlad. on Husb. 1. 105 But 
thicke and drie [sc. land] espie [printed espy]. 1480 CAxTON 
Chron. Eng. it. (1520) 10b/1 Brute anone sende of his men 
to lande for to espye the maner of the countree. 1552 Hu- 
LoeT, Espye or waite a time, aucupari tempus. ay 
Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) 304 To espy and search his 
land. 1588 Suaxs. 77f. A. u. iii. 48 Now question me no 
more, we are espied. 1590 GREENE Fr. Bacon Wks. (ed. 
Rtldg.) 154/2 Espy her loves, and who she liketh best. 1611 

31BLE Yosh. xiv. 7 Moses..sent me from Kadesh Barnea, to 
espie out the land. a 1667 Jer. Taytor (Ogilvie), He sends 
angels to espy us in all our ways. 
. absol, or intr. To look steadily, watch, keep 
a look out; to act as a spy. arch. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Axnt's T. 254 With that word Arcite gan 
espye Wher as this lady romed to and fro. 1513 Douctas 
neis vin. iii. 134 Evander. .espying wyth his sicht. 1565- 
73 Coorer Thesaurus, Episcopius, a brigantine or ship sent 
out toespie. 161z Biste Yer. xlviii. 19 Stand by the way 
and espie. 1846 Keste Lyra J/unoc. (1873) 42 [He] on 
the dark edge stands. .and downward dares espy. 

+c. (trans. In ME. form Aspy: To lie in wait 
for; also adsol.) 

¢ 1225 Ancr. R. 196, I Se wildernesse heo aspieden us to 
slean. 1382 Wycuir Acts xxiii. 21 More than fourty men 
of hem aspien him [Vulg. insidiantur ei). 

2. trans. To discover by spying or by looking 
out ; to catch sight of; to descry, discern, discover 
(what is distant or partly hidden); to detect (a 
fault, flaw, etc.) ; to discern (a convenient time or 
opportunity). + Formerly sometimes with ov‘, 
+ Also, to discern fron. 

¢1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1796 Yif thou dost a folie, Thi 
louerd hit wil sone espie. ¢ 1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame u. 198 
[It were impossible] How that .. he [Fame] shulde here al 
this Or they [his spies] espie hyt. c1460 La Belle Dame 
sanz mercy 88 in Pol, Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 55 But tweyne 
pat were my frendis here before had me espied. 1486 B&. 
St, Albans D ij, She [the hawk] espith th and commyth 
couerte her selfe. 1531 Etyor Gov. 1. xiii, He sone espiethe 

‘ood herbes from nettiles, 1543-4 Act. 35 Hen. VI/I,c. 5 

time may be espied to haue them .. by malice conuicted. 
158 . Bett Haddon's Answ. Osorius 462 Whoseprophane 
blasphemy some merry conceited man espyeng out, opened 
the Caskett privily. 1666 Bunyan Grace Ad, 24 Ifl could 
in any — espy a word of promise. 1726 Swirt Gulliver 
1. i. 21 The seamen espied a rock within half a cable’s length 
of the ship. 1788 Westey Wks. (1872) VI. 37g These skilful 
wrestlers espy the smallest slip we make. 117 COLERIDGE 
aot toe = —_ Can = = — dead fs) ? 
1847 unt Yar Honey ix, We ike Moses, 
espy, Ev'n in a bush, the radiant Deity. 1877 Brack 
Green Past. xliii, Who was trying to espy a squirrel. 

b. To perceive by chance or unexpectedly. 

1483 Caxton Gold. i 9 373/3 A man came for to take 
water & espyed the deed chylde. 1551 Rosinson tr. More's 
Utop. 1. (Arb.) 29, I chaunced to espye this foresayde Peter. 
1588 Suaxs. 77¢, A. u. iii, 194 Where I espy'd the panther 
fast — 1611 Binte Gen. xlii. 27 As one of them ee 
his sack, he espied his money. x64 Sir T. Hersert 1, 
196 Espying me, hee blest him selfe and suddenly began to 
mutter his prayer to Mahomet. Fl 

+c. To observe, perceive (a fact); with clause 
as oj. Obs. 


292 


Cuaucer Anel. §& Arc. 67 Creon ie how that 
the Blode riall was ch riya nang lvoe. . Sowle 
Iv. xx. (1483) 66 Seem... his fader Noe When spyed 
that naked soo was he. 1461 Paston Left. No. Il, 24, 


I can espye some of his meny was grete cause of T. D, deth 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 129 Yf.. they in 
soule .. ony feare to Saleh Wiueen Dapties. 

73 b, The hontesman. .will sone espie, when he seeth a hole, 

7 chor bea tons bouengh or not 1581 J. Bett Haddon's 

answ. Osorius 463 [A supposed ‘ i Peters Brayne’) 

..afterwardes being more narrowlye examined and viewed, 

was espyed to be a very 

Espy‘ing, v/. sb. Also 4-5 aspying. [f. 


rec. + “ana 1] The action of the vb. Espy. 

yclif, lying in wait; a snare. Also attrib. 

Pe ree bs Wea er kueade and of 
his aspiinges. 1388 Wyctir Prov. xi. 6 Wickid men shulen 
be taken in her aspyingis (Vulg. insidiis]. 1486 Bk. St. 
Albans Aijb, It hade need to be died other green or blwe 
for espieng of thee hawke. 1580 Baret Aly. E An 
espying place, sfecula. ax1693 Urqunart Rabe. m1. 
xxxiii. 281 A suspicious espying prying into the.. 
Deportments of their Wives 

Espy‘ing, ///. a. [f. as prec.+-1NG2.] That 
espies. Hence + Espy'ingly adv. (in 4 aspyingly, 
aspiendel¢), in a spying manner ; insidiously. 

1382 Wyctir 2 Kings x. 19 Forsothe Hieu dydde this 
asp ingly. — Ecclus. xxxii. 19 bs} Who secketh the lawe, 
shal be fulfild of it; who aspiendeli doth, shal be sclaun- 
drid in it. 1580 HoLtypanp 77veas. Fr. Tong, En espiant, 
espyingly. 

+ Espyne. Sc. Ods. Also 4 aspine, -yne, 
hespine. [a. ON. esfingr (Sw. esping).] A long 
boat. 

1375 Barsour Bruce xvu. 719 The our Hit in ane 
espyne [v.7. aspine, aspyne, hespyne] with a stane. 

+ Esqr., abbreviations of Esquire, ap- 
pended to a name, 

* sna, pao Obs. [a. OF. esguadron (mod. 
F. escadron) ; see SQUADRON.] = SQUADRON. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard, 1. (1599) 80 The Italians .. had 
spred vpon the shoare of the riuer their esquadrons and 
rancks prepared to the battell. /déd. (1618) 357 An esquadron 
of Turks payed by them. 1 [G. Smrru] Curious Relat. 
II. 363 An Eiatred of the Guard du Corps. 

+ Esquay"mous, a. Ods. [var.of SquayMous ; 
in AF. escoymous(Bozon).] Squeamish. 

1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 7249 Many one are. .oute 
of mesure esquaymous. 

-esque, sufix, forming adjs., represents Fr. 
-esque,ad. It. -esco:—med.L. -7scus in words adopted 
from Teut.; cf. OHG. -zse (mod.G. -zsch) :— 
OTeut. -zsko-: see -IsH. Occurring in many words 
coming through Fr. from It., as in arabesque, bur- 
lesque, Dantesque, grotesque, romanesque, where the 
suffix has the sense ‘resembling the style partaking 
of the characteristics of’. In Ital. derivatives in 
-esco are formed ad /ibitum on names of artists, 
and Fr. and Eng. writers on art have imitated this 
practice. Examples of such formations, not call- 
ing for separate notice in the Dictionary, are 
Bramantesque, Claudesque, Turneresque. The 
words formed with this suffix on Eng. sbs. are 
chiefly nonce-words of a jocular character, as 
cigaresque. 

+ Esquele. O¢s. [ad. OF. escuele (mod.F. 
écuelle), corresp. to Pr. escudella, It. scodella:—L. 
scutella, dim. of scuta, scutra dish.] A platter, 
porringer. 

1371 in Riley Lond. Mem. (1868) 350, 48 esqueles .. 
dozens of esqueles. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. I, 
§ 53 (1876) 37 The silver vessel. .that is to saile [sic ; ? saie) 
chargeours and esqueles. 

Esquiller, Esquillery, obs. ff. SquiLuzr, 
scullion, and ScuLLERY. 

r6or F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. 11, § 49 (1876) 32 An 
other vallet shalbe Ewer, who shal receve the kitchen vessel 
by indenture of the Esquiller. did. § 53. The Esquillerye. 

mop Tous, a. rare. [ad. Fr. esqutlleux, f, 
esquille ‘small fragment of a fractured bone’ 
(Littré).] Of fracture: Splintery. 

1853 Tu. Ross Humboldt's Trav. 111. xxix. 168 The 
serpentine is sometimes of an esquillous, sometimes of a 
conchoidal fracture, 

Esquinancy, obs. f. Quinsy; see SQuINANCY. 


Bea CrHambers. 


1751 in in Asx, 

pe, obs. forma of Equir. 
Esq (éskwoie1), sb.1 Forms: 5-7 es- 
quier, -yer, (5 esqwyer, 6 esquior, -yor, 6- 
escuir, -ier), 6- esquire. [a. OF. esguéer (mod. 
F. écuyer), corresp. to Pr. escuter, escudier, es- 
cuder, Sp. escudero, Pg. escudeiro, It. scudiere, lit. 
‘ shield- *:—L. scittarius, f. scittum shield. 
See also Squirg, which in our quotations appears 
much earlier. 

In Fr. the use of the word has been influenced by a mis- 
taken association with écurie (OF. escurie), see RY. 
Some traces of this confusion appear in English use. 

1. a. Chivalry. A young man of gentle birth, who 
as an aspirant to knighthood, attended upon a 
knight, carried his shield, and rendered him other 
services. (Now only avch., the form Squtre being 
commonly used Hist.) Cf. ARMIGER, PAGE. 


ESQUIRE. 
1475 Caxton Yason, Ther ne abode knight ne i 
the sad’ 1601 F. Tare Househ. Ona. Bete, 18 


in 
6 If he be but an ordinari knight. .he shal have woe 
esquiers, 1656 CowLey Davideis tv. 849 ‘This saw, and 


weapon to pa rte i 1 
1603 Hoitanp Plutarch’s Mor. is [Epaminondas’ 
esquire or shield-bearer i sdagend of money 
for the ransome of a prisoner. Buse (Douay) 1 Mace. 


iv. 30 Jonathas Sauls sonne, and. . 4 

ce. Applied to various llicers in the service of 
a king or nobleman, as esguire for (or of) the 
fons esquire of the chamber, esquire of the stable 


fe Equerry, which was sometimes confused with 
is], carving esquire, etc. 

Act 11 Hen. VII, c, 32 § 7 David Philippe, juyer 
for the body of oure Sovereign Ce pee fe od LEM- 
nc Contn, Holinshed 111. 1381/2 Chiefe escuir of the kings 
escuir, and the other escuires escuir togither. 1601 
F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. 11, § 26 (1876) 18 The kinge 

oy en re the ki 7 
man onging to the higher Eng- 
lish gentry, ranking immediately below a knight. 
Of esquires, legally so called, there are, according to some 
authorities, five classes: ‘(x) younger sons of peers and 
their eldest sons; (2) eldest sons of knights, and their 
eldest sons; (3) chiefs of ancient families (by prescription); 
(4) esquires by creation or office, as heralds and se: 
of arms, jud officers of state, naval and military 
justices of t , barristers-at-law; (5) esquires who 
attend the Knight of the Bath on his iastalbenion iomeaile 
two specially appointed’ (Zucycl. Brit.,s.v.). The correct- 
ness of this enumeration, however, is greatly disputed ; it 
would be impossible here to state the divergent views on 
the subject. In heraldic Latin the equivalent of esguire 
was armiger, properly = ‘armour-bearer’, but often taken 
in the sense ‘one bearing (heraldic) arms’; hence, in 16th 


eants 


and 17th c. esguire was sometimes e: as m¢ a 
man entitled to coat-armour; but by accurate writers t 
is condemned as involving the confi b * esquire’ 


and ‘gentleman’. 
c tok Fornmcus Abs. & Lim. Mon, (1714) 41 His High- 
ness schal then have..aboute his pa ogy Jog 
and Esquyers. 1 Wriotnestey Chron. (1875) I. 27 A 
jurie of esquiers and gentlemen of Middlesex were sworne 
to passe on them. 1577 Harrison England 11. v. (1877) 1. 
127 Esquire (which we call commonlie Squire) is a French 
word ., and such are all those which beare armes .. testi- 
monies of their race. 1793 BLackstone Comem. 1. ix. (ed. 12) 
352 The as 13 Ric. pe etek ave [justices + 
peace] to the most cient knights, 

entlemen of the law. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) ui. 265 
Ene second scrt of pernons ween Ghose’ wie lend Cities. is 
esquires, etc. 

b. A landed proprietor, (country) ‘ squire’, 

arch, 


1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen, JV, m. ii. 63, I am Robert Shallow 
(Sir) a poore E: ire of this Countie, and one of the Kings 
Justices of the Peace. 1827 Lytron Pelham xii, There 


was, indeed, a le ; country esquires ; ex- 
aan from i eerie f-pay oflicess, [etc.]. 1848 
Macaucay Hist. Eng. iii. (L.), An esquire among 
his neighbours for a great » if, ete. 

3. As a title —ae man’s name. Ori- 
ginally applied to those who were ‘esquires’ in 
sense 2; su tly extended to other persons 
to whom an equivalent degree of rank or status is 
by. courtesy attributed. 

a. Following the surname preceded by the 
Christian name. In formal documents written in 
full; elsewhere commonly abbreviated Esq. or 
Esgr. (In ceremonious use, é.g. in -_ writings 
or in genealogy, when the 
estate or of his place of residence is given, the 


title is, by custom, placed last, as ‘A.B., 
of C., Esquire’; in Scotland, on the , the 
title immediately follows the surname. ly, 
pb, marr apt: Rie vole tein - 
tion ‘ Junior’ or ‘ ’, but in 

Pp es it.) 


The ion of ‘ ire’ is now commonly understood 
Bis pe py 
or having an who are 


* gentlemen’ by tte, position, or education. 


Esq. ; sccordiags as he sees me dressed. 171% 

Collect. (Oxf, ia be bY 111, I shall be to know 

.. whether he be Esq'. I may ve him his true Title 

when I reprint the 1867 Miss Mutock Two Mar 
ye o dany Way Score: ~ M ere cle 

not t 12 May 

said that some tocnarn Wale some not. 


ESQUIRE. 


+b. Preceding the surname. Oés. 
similar use of SQUIRE. ) 

1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4761/4 Stolen. .out of Esquire Ches- 
ter’s Stables..a..Horse. 1712 ArsutHNot Yohn Bull (1735) 
1 His cousin esquire South. 1730 SoutHALL Bugs 17 Es- 
quire [ed. 2 (1793) Mr.] Pitfield and Mr. White. 

[transf. use of 1.] A gentleman who attends 
or escorts a lady in public. Cf. Squire. 

1824 Byron ¥uaz xvi. ci, Their docile esquires also did 
the same. 1875 W. S. Haywarp Love agst. World 13 
‘Come on, my brave esquire,’ said Florence. 

5. Comb. Only appositive; chiefly in sense I c. 
Also Esquire Bedel: see BEADLE 3. 

¢1600 Epitaph in Strype Stow's Surv. (1754) 1. ut. i. 535/t 
Esquire-Joyner to our Queen, 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. 
Edw. IT, § 14 (1876) 13 This esquier fruiterer shal take 
every night for his coch, a galon of beare. 1797 T. JoHNES 
tr. La Brocqguiére’s Trav. 48 Among them was his [Duke 
Philip le Bon’s] first esquire-carver La Brocquitre. 

Esquire (éskwaie'1), sd.2 Her. Also 6 equire ; 
and see SquirE2. [app. a OF. esquire (mod.F. 
équerre) square (now only mason’s square, but 
formerly also the geometrical figure). 

Perhaps based esquire may represent OF, das d’esquire, 
bottom of a square. Guillim and R. Holme use sgaire both 
in the sense explained below and for a figure of a mason’s 
square; the latter is the sense of éguerre in Fr. heraldry]. 

a. Esquire based: used by Leigh for the lower 
of the halves into which a canton is divided 
diagonally. b. Apparently by misunderstanding 
of this use, esguzrve is explained by later writers as 
a synonym of GyYRON, or as a bearing somewhat 
resembling the gyron, but ending elsewhere than 
in the centre of the shield. 

1562 LeicH Avmorie 154 Thre pallets between ij Equires 
[ed. 1597 Esquires] bast dexter and sinister of the second. 
{16x00 Gutttim Heraldry 61 A_ Canton parted trauerse- 
waies, whether it be from the Dexter corner or from the 
Sinister, doth make two Base Squires.] 1889 Etvin Dict. 
Her., Esquire, Similar to the Gyron; it may extend across 
the shield ; termed also a Base Esquire. 

Esquire (éskwaie1), v. rare. [f. Esquire 50.1] 
trans. &. To raise to the rank of esquire. b. To 
address as ‘Esquire’. ¢. To attend (a lady) as 
a ‘squire’. Hence Esqui'red A//. a. 

a1652 Brome City Wit ww. i, By’r Lady a match for my 
Esquir’d Son and heire. 1786 Miss Burney Déary III. 
240 He proposed that the Colonel and himself should esquire 
me. 1796 /did. VI. 60 M. d’Arblay again ventured to es- 
quire me to the rails round the lodge. 1824 Byron ¥uan 
xvt. lxix, All country gentlemen, esquired or knighted, May 
drop in without cards. 1887 Scott. Leader 12 May 6 The 
Rev. Mr. Cameron, of Farnell .. asked why one elder was 
‘Esquired’ and another not. _ 

Esquiredom (éskwoiezdom). [f. as prec. + 
-DoM.] a. The status or dignity of an esquire. 
b. The body of esquires ; esquires collectively. 

1863 Sata Caft. Dang. II. iii. 107 Mr. Pinchin, whose 
Esquiredom..I may now as well drop, 1864 Burton Scot 
Abr, I, i. 38 The flower of the chivalry and esquiredom. 

Esquirehood (éskwoiosthud). [f as prec. + 
-HOoD.]=prec. b. 

1864 H. R. Luarp Pref to Ann. Monastici 1, 31 The 
*Communitas bachelerie Anglia’, i.e., the esquirehood of 


(Cf. the 


England. | z Z 

Es uireship (éskwoicufip). [f. as prec. + 
-suip.}] The position or dignity of an esquire. 
The service of an esquire or escort. 

216.. Time's Storehouse (L.), They make the dignitie of 
esquireship successorie. 1650 B. Discodlint. 48 If I be an 
Esquire, I will sell my Esquireship to any honest man for 
a good People-ship. 1783 Mine Heaney Diary I. 282, I 
most gladly accepted and almost asked his ’squireship. 1843 
Fraser's Mag. XXVII. 667 He had attained the envi 
esquireship, and its further appendage of R.A. 

Esquiress (éskwoaieués). [f. as prec. + -ESS.1] 
A female esquire. 

1596 Fossroke in J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys 211 The 
principall mourneresse apparelled as an Esquieresse. 1630 
J. Taytor (Water P.) Praise Clean Linen Ded. Wks. 11. 
164 Martha Legge, Esquiresse .. Laundresse to the Right 
worshipfull and generous the Innes of Court. 1864 R. 
Burton Dahome II. 79 An esquiress at arms, generally a 
small slave girl, carrying the musket. 

+ Esquiry, sd. 00s.—° Also Squiry. [?a. OF. 
escuterte, f. escuier: see Esquire sb.1] The posi- 
tion or dignity of an esquire. 

1681 in BLount Se sege 1775 in AsH. 

Esquiry(e, obs. form of EQuerry. 

|| Esquisse. [Fr. esguzsse, ad. It. schizzo: see 
Sxerou.] The first slight sketch of a picture, the 
first thought of a design drawn loosely with a 
crayon. 

1731-6 in Baitey, (folio). 1775 in AsH. 3 

+ Esra‘che, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. OF. esrachi- 
er: see ARACHE.] ¢vans. To pull up by the roots. 


1478 Caxton Yason 102b, He retourned to the dragon 
and esrached out of his hedde xii tethe. 


Ess. The name of the letter S; anything in 
the shape of an S. Pl. esses; also 6 esces. 
Collar of Esses: see Cottar, Also in Comd., 
es-hook, es-link, da/. (see yng! 

1540 in Ellis Orig. Lett. ut. 364 (1846) IIT. 283 The reste 
of the paves whiche represented the three esces, 1, 
in T. iompson /uventories (1815) 293 A cha wie 
essis of gold emaillit reid. 1587 FLeminc Contn. Holinshed 
III. 1299/2 The bow with two esses, all cleane wrought. 


e 


293 


1610 Guittim Heraldry w. v. (1611) 199 He beareth Gules, 


three text Esses or..by the name of Kekir-more, 1681 
Otway Soldier's Fort. w. i, Sir Fol. O here are the Esses ; 
let me consider now--Sapho? Cour. No, Sir. Sir Fol. 
Selinda? Coury. Neither. 1865 Le Fanu Guy Dev. II. 
xvii, 179 There’s an ornament of scrowl-work .. shaped like 
letter esses. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Es- 
hook, a hook at the extremity of a waggon-horse’s traces, 
in the form of the letter S. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Es-link, a 
small piece of iron shaped like a letter S, used for mending 
a broken chain. . 

Ess, obs. and dial. form of AsH sd.1 ashes. 

-ess, sufix'!, forming sbs. denoting female per- 
sons or animals, is a. Fr. -esse:—Com. Romanic 
-essa :—late L, -issa, a. Gr. -tcoa (:— -tkyd: cf. the 
OE. fem. agent-suffix -2¢ge :— -zgjdn-) occurring in 
class. Gr. only in BagiAiaoa queen (f. Baair-evs 
king), but after the analogy of this employed in 
several late formations, as Baddvicca bathing- 
woman, tavdémoca female innkeeper. <A few of 
these (notably daxdnoca, L. diaconissa deaconess) 
were adopted into late L. together with their cor- 
relative masculines, and many new derivatives of 
the same pattern were formed in Latin, whence 
they descended into the Romanic langs.; e.g. from 
abbatem abbot, was formed adbddtissa, whence Fr. 
abbesse ABBESS. On the analogy of these the 
suffix became in Romanic the usual means of 
forming feminine derivatives expressing sex. In ME. 
many words in -esse were adopted from Fr., as 
countess, duchess, hostess, lioness, mistress, princess, 


and several which were formed on sbs. in -é07, -zer 


(see -ER2), as + devoureresse, enchantress, ¥ es- 
pyouresse, sorceress. In imitation of these the 
suffix was in 14th c. appended to Eng. agent- 
nouns in -er, as in Wyclif’s dwelleresse, sleeress 
(f. sleer = SLAYER), and to other native words, as 
in goddess. In 15th c. derivatives in -er + -ess 
gradually superseded the older Eng. fem. agent- 
nouns in -STER (OE. -estre), which no longer had 
an exclusively feminine sense; subsequently the sbs. 
in -ster (exc. spinster) came to be regarded as pro- 
perly masc., and new feminines in -ess were formed 
on them, as seamstress, songstress. By writers of 
16th and succeeding centuries derivatives in -ess 
were formed very freely; many of these are now 
obsolete or little used, the tendency of mod. usage 
being to treat the agent-nouns in -e7, and the sbs. 
indicating profession or occupation, as of common 
gender, unless there be some special reason to 
the contrary. Of the words of Eng. formation 
still in current use, examples are authoress, giant- 
ess, Jewess, patroness, poetess, priestess, quakeress, 
tailoress. In Eng. the suffix is not used to form 
feminines of names of animals: “éoness, tigress 
being adoptions from Fr. When -ess is added to 
a sb. in -¢er, -¢or, the vowel before the 7 is usually 
elided, as in actress, doctress, protectress, waitress ; 
the derivatives with ending -¢ress, f. L. agent-nouns 
in -¢or, have in most cases been suggested by, and 
may be regarded as virtual adaptations of, the cor- 
responding Fr. words in -¢réce:—L. -tricem. The 
substitution of governess (already in Caxton) for 
the earlier governeresse f. governor was perh. due 
to false analogy with pairs of words like adu/ter-er, 
~esS, cater-er, ~esS, sorcer-er, -ess; in conqueress, 
murderess, adventuress the similar phenomenon is 
sufficiently explained by phonetic reasons. The 
existence of such words, in which -ess has the 
appearance of being added directly to vbs., gave 
rise in the 17th. c. to formations like con/fectioness, 
entertainess, instructess ; but none of these obtained 
general currency. 

-eSS, suffix”, ME. -esse, in sbs. a. Fr., represents 
OF. -esse, -ece, = Pr. -ezza, -eza, Sp. -e2a, It. 
-ez2a:—L, -itia, appended to adjs. to form nouns 
of quality; examples are duress, + humblesse, 
largess, prowess, + richesse (now riches). These 
words have been imitated in the pseudo-archaic 
zdlesse, but otherwise the suffix scarcely occurs as 
an Eng. formative. 


+ Essa'mplerie. OJs. [See Ensampnary, 
EXEMPLARY, I Example. 

1393 Gower Conf III. 163 But yet men sene thessamplerie 
Of Aristippe is well received. 


Essart (est), sd. [a. OF. essart: see ASSART 
sb.] = ASSART sb. 1. 

1851 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. § Eng. (1864) 111. 258 The 
essarts still constitute the prominent features of the pleasant 
region, 1875 Stupps Const. Hist. 11. 36 ote, The essarts 
and purprestures made in the forests of Hampshire. 

Essart (esa-it), v. [a. OF. essart-er: see AS- 
SART v.]  ¢vans. = ASssarT v.; also adsol. 

1721 Baitey, Zssart, to extirpate or clear the ground of 
shrubs. 1839 StoneHousE Axholme 10 The process of 
essarting. 1857 Sir_F. Parcrave Norm. § Eng. I. 435 
The Forét de Bichoul, of which the greater portions have 
long since been essarted. 


ESSAY. 


Essay (e'se'), sd. In 7 f/. essaies, -yes. [a. 
OF. essat, essay: see Assay sb. For several of 
the senses see also Say. 

In 18th c. the accent. was sometimes on the 2nd syll.] 

I. The action or process of trying or testing. 
+1. A trial, testing, proof; experiment ; = Assay 
sb, 1,3. Obs. 


¢ 1600 SHAKS, Sonn, cx, Worse essays proved thee my best 
of love. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. vii. § 7 Democritus .. 
attributed the form thereof [of the ‘frame of things ’] able 
to maintain itself to infinite essaies or proofs of nature. 1631 
Hey.in St. George 247, I will make bold to venture on it, 
by way of tryall and essay, 1648 E7konx Bas. 26 It was the 
first overt Essay to be made, how patiently I could bear the 
loss of my kingdoms. 1660 SHarrock Vegetables Ep. Ded., 
You were pleased to judge me able, and... to propose .. 
that I should make an essay of that ability. 1704 Appison 
Italy (1733) 195 After having made Essays into it, as they 
do for ‘foal in England. 1745 De Foe’s Eng. Tradesman 
I. xii. 98 He has made an essay by which he knows what 
he can, and cannot do. 1812 J. Henry Cami. agst. Quebec 
28 From the essays made, it seemed to me that, etc. 

+b. spec. The trial of metals ; = Assay 6. Obs. 

1668 in PAil. Trans. III. 821 The Ore being ground .. 
they divide it in several heaps, and then by lesser Essays, 
they find out how much silver is contained in every heap. 
1731-6 in Battey (folio). 

+2. A trial specimen, a sample, an example; a 
rehearsal, Cf. Assay 17. Obs. 

1614 SELDEN 77tles Hon. 22 An essay also of that age’s 
vnhappie affectation of Greek patch. 1656 BLount Glossogr., 
Essay, a flourish or preamble. 1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. cvi. 
16-18 Paraphr. 532 Two terrible essayes of God’s wrath 
were here shewed. @ 1674 CLarENvon //ist. Keb. (1704) II. 
xv. 498 A small essay of my zeal for... your Majesty. 1684 
T. Burnet 7h, Earth II. 55 These are lesser essays or 
preludes to the general fire. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 
(1827) VII. xvi. $9. 110 Gave an essay in this first action 
of what might be expected one day from his valour and 
bravery. 

+3. Venery. a = Assay 9. In phrase To fake 
essay. \. concr. The part of a deer in which trial 
was made of the ‘ grease’ ; the breast or brisket. 

1611 Cotcr., /ou/z..cut out from betweene the necke, 
and the essay ofa Deere. 1658 Puituirs s.v. Essay, ‘The 
Essay of a Deer is the breast or brisket..in French /a 
hampe. 1694 Acct. Denmark in 1692 (ed. 3) 160 One that 
is likeliest to give a good Gratuity to the Huntsman, is 
invited to take Essay. 

+4. A taste, or first taste, of food or drink pre- 
sented to a great personage; = Assay 12. Ods. 
exc, Hist. 

1598 in Fiorio s.v. Fare la credenza. 1632 in Cotcr. 
1682 G. Rose Just. Officers of the Mouth 16 The Master 
Cook is desired not to forget his Larding-pricks, nor the 
Master-Butler his Essay. /é2d.94 Let him [the Royal Butler] 
bring in his Wine, present his Bason and Ewer to wash, take 
his Essay both of Wine and Water, 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE 
St. Gt. Brit, 1. i. iii, (1741) 168 A Viscount may have a 
Cover of Essay holden under his Cup, while he drinks, but 
no Essay taken as Dukes, Marquises and Earls may have. 

II. A trying to do something. 

5. An attempt, endeavour. Const. after, at, 
+ of, on, towards, and to with inf. 

1598 YonG Diana 77 They were all but papers of essaies 
Of that. @16s2 J. Smitn Sed, Disc. vii. (1821) 364 Lan- 
guishing creatures ..we are, in our essays after heaven. 
1682 DrypENn Satyr 3 Whose first Essay was in a Tyrants 
praise. 1738 Col. Rec. Penn. 1V. 316 Essays. .to encourage 
the raising some of these Commodities. 1762 J. Brown 
Poetry & Mus. (1763) 74 The first rude Essays towards an 
expressive Melody in barbarous Countries. 1778 Sir J. 
Reynotps Disc. viii. (1876) 447 An artist, in his first essay 
of imitating nature. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. II. 325 
Our first essay was along a mountain brook. 1853 C. 
Bronté Villette viii, Is this your first essay at teaching? 
1860 TynpALL Glac. 1. xxvii. 206 Making a preliminary 
essay upon the glacier. 1865 LivincsTone Zamdesé Introd., 
I am now in this my second essay at authorship. 

b. concr. The result of an attempt. somce-use. 

1697 Drypen Virg. Past. vii. 42 These Branches of a 
Stag, this tusky Boar (The first essay of Arms untry’d before). 

+6. A hostile attempt. Ods. 

c1640 J. Smytu Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 229 The King 
at Canterbury grants him a generall protection from all 
Essayes for a year following. 4 é 

+7. A first tentative effort in learning or prac- 
tice; =: Assay 16. Ods. 

1656 Cowtey Pindar. Odes Pref., This Essay is but to 
try how it [Pindar’s Poetry] will look in an English Habit. 
1663 J. Spencer Prodigies Pref. B., Admiration is .. an 
Essay to knowledge. 1665-9 Boyte Disc. Occas. Medit. 
Wks. 1772 II. 356 The green and immature essays of 
early Writers. 1700 DrypEN /adles (1773) Pref., The first 
of Homer’s Tlinds (which I intended as an Essay to the 
whole work), 1723 SHEFFIELD (Dk. Buckhm.) Wés, (1753) 
I. 64 My hand is yet untaught to write to men; This is th’ 
essay of my unpractis’d pen. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 
(1827) I. 377 These were considered only as essays pre- 
paratory to the great design. 

b. A rough copy; a first draft. : 

1656 J. Harrincton Oceana (1700) 174 The List ..en- 
ter’'d in the Parish Book, and diligently preserv’d as a 
Record, call’d the first pore & 1793 Gouv. Morris in Sparks 
Life & Writ. (1832) I. 417, I have made an essay of a letter. 

8. A composition of moderate length on any par- 
ticular subject, or branch of a subject ; originally 
implying want of finish, ‘an irregular undigested 

iece’ (J.), but now said of a composition more or 
aa elaborate in style, though limited in range. 

The use in this sense is app. taken from Montaigne, whose 
Essais were first published in 1580. 


»  _@ >a 


ESSAY. 


1597 Bacon (title) Essay 1607-12 — Essays, Ded. 
Prince Henry (Arb.) 158 Por Senacaes Epistles .. are but 
Essaies—that is di d Meditati Essaies. 


n Meditations .. The 
word is late, but the thing is auncient. Granvitt Sceps. 
Se#, Addr. 16 No higher title, then that of an essay, or im- 

rfect offer at a Subject. ¢x700 Poem to Roscommon (J. 
Vee modestly he does his work survey, And calls his finish’ 
poem an essay. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 476 P11 ‘The Wild- 
ness of those Compositi i the Names of 
Essays. 


idea of regular treatises. 1 AcAULAY (ite) Critical 
and Historical Essays. 1865 Dicxens Mut. Fr. u.i, She 
could write a little essay on any subject: S 
9. Phrase, Zz all essays: under all cir- 
cumstances. Oés. Cf. ASSAY 21, 22. - 

1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 20 And so likewise I have 
shown you thus much of the ick part of Navigation, in 
which you may ive that I have wrought the Ship in all 
Essays, in Words and proper Sea-Phrases ; and if I was at 
Sea Should perform it both in Word and Deed. : 

10. attrib. and Comé., as essay-weaver, -writer ; 
also essay-hatch (see quot.); essay-scale, a 
test-scale. : 

1721-1800 Baiey, “Essay Hatch, [among Miners] a Term 
for a little Trench or Hole which they dig to search for Oar. 
1684 R. Watter Nat. Exper. 14 tting in the *Essay- 
Scales two Steel Wires of equal Weight. 1884 Punch 16 
Feb. 84/1 And twaddling *essay-weavers, mild boilers-down 
of Lamb! 1711 Suarress. Charac. (1737) IIL. 97 We “essay- 
writers are of the small-craft, or galley-kind. 185: HELPs 
Friends in C. 1. 29 The fault into which you essay-writers 


generally fall. 

Essay (eséi*), v. [refashioned form of Assay, 
after Fr. essayer: see Assay.] 

1. ‘rans. To put to the proof, try (a person or 
thing) ; to test the nature, excellence, fitness, etc. 
of; = Assay v. 1. Also to practise (an art, etc.) 
by way of trial; = Assay 8. 

1483 Caxton G. de la Tour Gijb, I wold also ye knew 


the tale of the Squyer whiche essayed his wyf. 1593 Prvdi- | 


gad Son 1. 92 It is a fine thing for a young man who goes to 
essay the world, to travel and see much. 
Leonidas 11. 436 None more willing to essay thy force. 


1738 GLover | 


21744 Porr Epistle v, She .. No arts essay'd, but not to be | 


admir’'d. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng. II. 109 A youth whose 

great powers, first essayed in this conflict, etc. 1856 Mrs. 

Stowe Dred II. xxxiii. 326 The last boat was essayed. 
tb. with object clause. Obs. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 376/4 Willyam .. wold preue and 
essaye yf there were ony elacion .. in his corage. 1684 R. 
Berkecey in Evelyn Mem. (1857) IL]. 273 It would be soon 
essayed with Mr. Boyle’s pump, whether or no it may give 
such a vacuum as to preserve fruit. 

+ 2. To test the composition of (an ore, metal, 


salt, etc.) by chemical means; = Assay 4. Oés. 


1691 Locke Lower. /nterest Wks. 1727 11. 94 Whether... 


Essayer (esé'a1). [f. Essay v. +-zR.] 

Tin various senses ofthe vb, Assay, 23 
xx CoTcr. vedentier, a Princes aster ’ 

is inde ak ca hve a folened the 


Bt 
5 
g 
i 


pts to treat a certain subject ; 
in later use = Essayist. Fe. a oe “a 
H. More Myst. nig. a uy 
pects imagines. wen Spect. No 6 68 ve He 
{Tully} hath been followed by all the Essayers upon Friend- 
ship, have written since histime. 1711 Dennis Ref. on 
i: Essay on Criticism, He was, like this Essayer, a very 
indifferent 1712 Hucnes Sect. No. 525 P 3 The 
Essayers in and aie 

Essayette (escijet). [f. Essay sé.+-ETTE.] A 
short essay. 

1877 C. Gipson in Casguet Lit. I. 182/1 We take the 
following essayette. 1886 Turrer My Life as Author 160 
The book i judes a hundred and thirty original fables, 
essayettes, anecdotes, tirades, songs, and musings. 
Glasgow Herald 26 May 7/2 The caht or nine pages of Mr. 

g's interesting essayette. : 

Evssayfy, v. [f. as prec.+-Fy.] intr. To write 
essays. 

1815 J. Giicurist Labyrinth Demol. 11, 1 am essayfying 
or speechifying. .i of prefacii 

Essayical (eséikal), a. Also essaical. [f as 
prec. +-IC+-AL.] Of the nature of an essay. 

1860 Dickens Lett. 25 Sept., Remarks. .a little too essayi- 
cal for this purpose. 1875 F. Arnotp Our Bfs. § Deans I. 
21 The idea was that a sermon should be made brief, dry, 
essaical, moral or mystical, 

Essayi (esél'in), vol. sd. [f. Essay v.+ 
-InG!.] The action of the vb. Essay; also concr. 
Also (#once-use) the writing essays. 

1861 in Macm. Mag. IV. 43 It might have been much 
better. .if they had left essaying and reviewing alone. 1869 
Spectator 1 May 539/1 To. . watch the reception given to his 
essayings without throwing his own shadow on the page. 
1882 Spectator No. 2804 They are the presomnial essayings 
of a man who has to be up by times in the morning. 

ying, ff/. a. [f. Essay v. + -1nc 2.) 
That essays or attempts. 

1715-25 Pore Odyss. xx1. 445 From his essaying hand the 
string let fly. 3 

Essayish (e'seiif), z. [f. Essay sd. + -18H.] 
Of the nature of an essay. 

1863 Paton Wilson the Ornithologist 9 It is a fair speci- 
men of that essayish style of letter writing which character- 
ised the epistles of Burns. | 

Essayism (e'seiiiz'm). [f. as prec. + -1sM.] 
a. The practice of writing essays. b. The quality 


| that constitutes an ‘essay’. 


Goldsmiths .. will not take what is by the free Labour of | 


the Mint ready essay’d and adjusted to their use. a1704 
— (J.\, The standard in our mint being now settled, the 
rules and methods of essaying suited to it should remain 
unvariable. 1739 Joe Miller's Fests No. 207 The seven 
Golden Candlesticks were sent to be essay’d in the Tower. 
3816 Accum Chem. Tests (1818) 93 The ed to be essayed is 
covered with sulphuric acid. 

+3. To try by tasting; = Assay 5. Ods. 

1598 Yonc Diana 164 If wormewood in his drinke he hath 
essaied, : 

4. To attempt; to try to do, effect, accomplish, 
or make (anything difficult); = Assay 16. 


Kings Reigne, they have..essay’d many Soule-Schismes. 
a 1661 Futter Worthies (1662) 1. 129 He also. .directed the 
standers by to fetch him a great hollow-stone for a font, which 
sundry of his father’s servants essayed in vain. 1712 BLack- 
MORE Creation 1. 14 While I this unexampled Task essay. 


1821 New Monthly Mag. 11. 301 Cant is the epidemic of 

riodical essayism. 1822 /éid. V. 141 My talents. .were.. 
rittered in periodical ibe, and common-place essayism. 
1887 Sat, Rev. 24 Sept. 412 That mysterious literary essence 
known as essayism which pervades all literature. 

“| About 1862 occas. used for: The theological 
doctrines taught in the book called Essays and 
Reviews. 

1862 Lit. Churchm. VIII. 4/1 A medium between Essayism 
and Evangelicism. /éid. 458/1 If Essayism has been effec- 
tually rebuked. ; 

Essayist (e'seijist). [f. Essay sd. and v.+ 


| -IST. 
1641 R. Brooke Eng. Efisc. u. vi. 97 In our Gracious | ] 


1. One who essays, one who makes trials or 
experiments. Const. of Now rare. 

1736 in Baiey. 1794 Burke tr. Pref Brissot’s Address 
Wks. VII. 313 All the essayists and novices of revolution in 


| 1789, that could be found, were promiscuously put to death. 


1805 Worpsw. lps govvid 1.99 And now the conqueror essays | 
Dunmet 


The long ascent o! -raise. 1876 LowELt Among 


my Bks. Ser. 11. (1873) 257 His method leads to most un- | 
happy results when essayed by men to whom nature has | 


denied a sense of what the picturesque really is. 188 A. 
W. Warp Dickens vii. 213 He never even essayed the pic- 
ture of an artist devoted to art for her own sake. 

+ b. To attempt to show or prove. Oés. 


| loose sentences, and that’s all. 


(J. Serjeant] tr. White's Peripat. Instit. 337 (title) | 
A Pheal 


icall Appendix .. Wherein ‘tis essay’d how sub- 
ilosophy is to Divinity. 1674 N. Fairrax Bulé 


servient 


| of his talents as an essayist. 


& Selv. 194 The worthy Doctor More has Ty | 


essay'd the infinity or boundless manifoldness o} 
from the Head of lightsomness. 


5. with inf. To set oneself, undertake, try (¢o do 
something). Also aéso/. ; = ASSAY 17. 


M. W. Monracue Le##. 1. xxxvii. 143 Apelles is said to 
ion of the exact 


at, pas Ath, Brit. 1. 233 Doctor Bray has lately 
t hensive 
= va wi 2 large scope a more Comp 
ienoyel (esét-al). [f. prec. +-aL.] Attempt, 
rial. 


New Monthiy Mag. LI. 186, 1 knew them [the roads 
anf ald mae oe toe Sg 


1815 W. H. IRELAND Scribdleomania 80 The 
prompt such unfortunate essayists to consult 
tions of the pe 
Red Court Farm ix, 


egyric may 
the produc- 
so extolled. 1868 Mrs. H. Woop 

mistakes made by both essayists 


| s the platform in a roar. 


. A writer of essa 
1609 B. Jonson Sid. Wom. n. iii, Meere Essaists! a few 
@ 1774 M, Reverie 
(R.), I am not to have admittance as an essayist. 179% 
Boswewt Yoknson (1831) 1. 211 A — er oe 

Macautay Mise, Writ, 


(1860) 1 a The conclusion at which the essayist arrives. 
Xx Wz 


Esswortn in Roxd. Bal. u. Pref. p. viii, He was 

a otithiant historical Essayist. atin: 
(ese!,i'stikal), a. [f. prec. + -10 + 

-AL.] _Resembling the work of an essayist. 
1863 Scotsman 7 May, The Victoria Magazine..a story- 


telling, essayistical .. miscellany. 
kin (e'selkin), nonce-zud. [f. Essay sb. + 
-kty.] A little essay. 
1860 THackeray Xound. Pagers 134 In these humble 
essaykins I have taken leave to i 


egotize. 
Essaylet Mog ey [f. = prec. +-LET.] = prec. 
emple ti sand tales, 

iets and camaylets fs Hetrs he. Press, xii. (1875) 
cadiow + Sage art This f'a hock, of miscellaneone canyons 
ation t 37: 
“Teachdeae, obs. form of ExcHEQUER. 

\| Esse (est). [L. esse to be, inf. of seem, but 
used by the schoolmen as a sb.] 

1. In med.L. phrase i# > actual existence ; 
° to 2 fosse, in potentiality. 

tag ad si sueed pe Like a kan in Esse. .this 


ight, Lets make a hostile uprore in the Court. Howson 
Serm. 31 Our spirituall preferments in esse in fosse. 


Esse, obs. var. AsK v., EAsE sb.; also of is: see 


Essed, essede. Oés. [ad. L. essed-um (a 
Gaulish word).] A kind of war-chariot used by 


Trrtort C. iv. Theyr sueemges. -be 
men of armys fighting uppon . panded ots, 1656-81 in Blount 
~ 3975 in 


Esseis is app. formed on L. pl. Esseé taken as a 
sing.; Wyclll's Jessy is prob. the €. gama aaieenele 
Cf. Eprcurgr.] = E. 


¢ 1380 Wycur Wes. (1880) 2 Pharisees, Saduces, and 


Essets, — Sed. Wks. 11. 36 , Sadi , and Pharisey, 
@ 1570 Becon Christ's Chron. (1844) 6, The Essees .. not 
altogether unlike to monks in life. T. Rocers 39 Art. 

is. 1623 Purcuas 


(2854) 383 Of another mind were the Esseis. 
Pi 
+ 


~y (1617) Essees, Essens, or Hessees. 
“Basefirme, Qés. rare. [? some compound of 
-ess, name of the letter S.] 
QO. Eliz. U1. 510 


The sleeves. . with a lace of Venice sylver, 
essifirmes. /éid. 511 Brodered upon with and 
other knotts of seede pearle. 


+ Evssel. Ods. rare—'. [a. OF. aissel, essel (now 
essteu) :—L. axiculus, dim. of axis axle-tree.] A 
beam or bar of wood or iron. 

.f 1205 Lay. 18992 Vndo pis 3at essel; pe eorl is icumen 
ere. 


+Evssell. Ods. Also 6 esele. [ad. med.L. 

esula.]_ A sort of So aed ck 

o- (Anecd. 5 ju species 
ii ees as a ine B hes 
Distyl. Waters @ iij, Es: essell. 1567 Mapcet Gr. Forest 
41 b, Esele of some is taken for Eiebright ; this hath his leafe 
verie thinne plaine. 

Essence (e’séns), sd. Also 4 in med.Lat. form 
essencia, 6 assence. [a. Fr. essence, ad. L. essen- 
tia, {. *essent-em, fictitious eh a 3 of esse to be, 
in imitation of Gr. obola being, f. évr-, stem of 
pr. pple. of elva to be. Cf. Pr. essentia, Sp. 
esencia, It. essenza.] 

+1. Being, existence, viewed as a fact or as a 


ue. 16a2 Fretcuer Sf. Curate w. iv, 1 would resign my 
Teocnce, thet he wenn Auten tus eieeiaes ania i 
him. a 1688 Cupwortn J/mmeut. Mor. (1731) 2 None 
these thi have ka Pratare asgr ieaman all ir own. 
| b. The kind of being distinctive of animals; 
animal so a mamta or ~~ 

Eart Mancu, Ad creatures, 
ion Talks bows bo 1, en oe ce a oe 
reason; none but man 


2. concer. Somethi it zs; an existence, en- 
tity. Now restricted to spiritual or immaterial 
entities. 


ESSENCE. 


aims of science, and attributed to the hypothetical substance 
all sorts of miracle-working properties. Hence /i/th essence 
or guintessence was used loosely in the various senses 

‘highly refined extract or essence’ and ‘ universal greg 
1s82 Hester tr. Phioravanti’s Secretes ui. liv, The 
t ..is an aboue the fower elements. 
a@ 1626 Bacon (J.), Here be four of you, as differing as the 
four elements..as for Eupolis..he may be the fifth essence. 
1662 R. Matuew Und. Alch, 20 An Universal Medicine, or 
fifth Essence. 1817 Byron Manfred 1. i, Ye, who do com- 
pass earth about, and dwell In subtler essence. 1837 WuE- 
wet Hist. Induct. Sc.(1857) I. 41 There is some essence of 

y, different from those of the four elements. 
¢e. ‘Constituent substance’ (J.). 

1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. u. ii. (1495) 28 The essencia 
of angels is symple and vnmateryal, pure, dystyngt and dis- 
crete. avies Nosce Teipsum 10 The Hlements con- 
spire, And to her [soul’s] Essence each doth give a part. 
1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 425 Spirits .. Can either Sex assume, 
or both ; so soft And uncompounded is their Essence pure. 
180r Soutuey Thalaba u1. i, Those Beings Through whose 
pure essence as through empty air The unaided eye would 


pass. 

+3. Specific being, manner of existing, ‘what 
a thing is’; nature, character. Ods. 

¢1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 920 Thre thynges 
dothe cause the essence of whythnesse. 1588 GREENE Pav- 
dosto (1843) 20 The god Apollo, who by his devine essence 
knew al secrets. 1603 SHaks. pig Be M. u. ii, 120 Man 
+» Most ignorant of what he’s most assured, His glassy 
essence..Plays such fantastic tricks, etc. 1620 MELTON 
Astrolog. 37 By the fourth House, you will iudge of the 
essence of the Child that is borne, how long it shall liue, 
and how well. 1626 Bacon Sylva (1631) § 287 Eccho..is a 

reat Argument of the Spirituall Essence of Sounds. 1664 

owER Lxp. Philos. 11. 184 The numerous Rabble that 
seem to have the Signatures of Man in their faces .. have 
nothing of the ine part that should denominate their 
Essences. ee 

+b. By essence in Path.: idiopathically ; cf. 
EssEntIAL 1d. Opposed to dy sympathy. Obs. 

1656 Rivciry Pract. Physick 74 The part that principally 
offends must be cured. If it be by essence, opening a Vein 
is good. did. 185 It [head-ach] is either by essence or by 
sympathy with the stomach, etc. ; 

4. ‘Substance’ in the metaphysical sense; the 
reality underlying phenomena; absolute being. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. x. 38 The substraction of 
that essence, which substantially supporteth them, 1871 
R. H. Hutton £ss. 11. 188 But belief in a universal essence 
gave no solidity to the order of the world. 

b. Zheol. A synonym of ‘substance’, as de- 
noting that in respect of which the three persons 
in the Trinity are one. 

The L. essentia literally renders Gr. ovaia, the technical 
word in this sense. The alternative rendering, substantia, 
substance, corresponds literally to Gr. tmdéaragis, which 
however in theological use meant not ‘substance’ but 
‘person’, 3 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1. (1495) 6 Thise thre 
persones be not thre goddes, but one very god, one essence 
or one beyng. 1481 Caxton A/yrr. m1. xii. 160 [Plato and 
Aristotle] fonde by their wysedom and connyng thre per- 
sones in one essence. 1538 BALE Thre Lawes 37 All-one 
with the sonne, and holy ghost in essence, YNDESAY 
Monarche w. 6146 Augustyne sayis, he had leuer tak on 
hand To be in Hell, he seyng the assence Off God, nor be 
in Heuin, but his presence. 

5. That by which anything subsists ; foundation 
of being. 

1585 Answ, to Cartwright 35 Christ being the essence 
and life of the Church. 1591 SHaxs, 7zwo Gent. m1. i. 182 
Shee [Siluia] is my essence, and I leaue to be; If I be not 
by her faire influence Foster’d. 1793 Hotcrorr Lavater’s 
Physiogn. iii. 25 There is a tranquil strength the essence of 
which is immobility. 184 Myers Cath. 7h. 11. § 6. 20 
Of Him who was The Truth—its author and its essence, 1884 
H. Jennincs Phallicism iv. 41 The Hindoos holding Fire 
to be the essence of all active power in nature. 


+6. Essentiality, importance. Cf. OF. de grant 
essence (Godef.). 

1 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xv. § 1 A matter of great use 
and Essence in studying. 1652 Suirtey Brothers iv. 46 
Ther’s something Of Essence to my life, exacts my care. 

7. That which constitutes the being of a thing ; 
that ‘ by which it is what it is’. In two different 
applications (distinguished by Locke as nominal 
essence and real essence respectively) : 

a. of a conceptual entity: The totality of the 
properties, constituent elements, etc., without which 
it would cease to be the same thing; the indis- 
pensable and necessary attributes of a thing as 
opposed to those which it may have or not. Also, 
in narrower sense, those among the indispensable 
attributes which involve all the rest by logical 
consequence, and are sufficient for a valid defini- 
tion; the ‘ connotation of the class-name’. 

a 1600 Hooker (J.), Those things, which supernaturally 
seer to the very essence of Christianity. 1610 Bp. 

ALL A fol. Brownists 20 [It] will proue but an appendance 
of an externall forme, no part of the essence of a true 
Church. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. u. xxxii, The Essence 
of a Triangle, lies in a very little compass .. three Lines 
meeting at three Angles, make up that Essence. 1714 J. 
Forrescue-ALanp Pref. to Fortescue’s Abs. & Lim. Mon, 
6 We may exactly know the several Ideas that go to make 
each Law-term, and so their real Nature and Essence may 
be known. 1841 Myers Cath. 7h. ut. § 39. 140 To con- 
found the transitory and special form with the characteristic 
and permanent essence. 1870 Bowen Logic iv. 74 Logic 
— the Essence of a Concept to be the aggregate of 
its Marl 


295 


b. of a real entity: Objective character, intrinsic 
nature as a ‘thing-in-itself’; ‘that internal con- 
stitution, on which all the sensible properties 
depend’. 

1667 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xxiv. 93 I might believe its 
[a spirit’s] Existence, without meddling at all with its Es- 
sence. 1725 Watts Logic 1. vi. § 2 In defining the Name 
there is no Necessity that we should be acquainted with 
the intimate Essence or Nature of the Thing. 1739 Hume 
Hum. Nat. 1. Introd., The essence of the mind being 
equally unknown to us with that of external bodies. 1777 
Priestiey Matt. § Spir. (1782) I. xii. 139 In fact, we 
have no proper idea of any essence whatever. 1808 J. 
Wesster Nat. Phil. 16 We clearly view the effects of at- 
traction. .but human ingenuity has not been able to fathom 
its principle or essence. 1856 Ferrier Just. Metaph. 1x. 
xi, 251 With the old philosophers the essence of things 
was precisely that part of them of which a clear conception 
could be formed. 

8. loosely. The most important indispensable 
quality or constituent element of anything; the 
specific difference. 

1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 117 The accident 
which denominates its subject, is commonly called the 
essence thereof. 1754 CuatHam Lett, Nephew iv. 27 The 
essence of religion 1s, a heart void of offence towards God 
and man. 1841-4 Emerson £ss., /’riendshif Wks. (Bohn) 
I, 92 The essence of friendship is entireness, 1876 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. V. xxiv. 452 It 1s the essence of the modern 
Jury that they should .. give their verdict according to the 
evidence, 5 

9. An extract obtained by distillation or otherwise 
from a plant, or from a medicinal, odoriferous or 
alimentary substance, and containing its character- 
istic properties in a concentrated form. In phar- 
macy chiefly applied to alcoholic solutions con- 
taining the volatile elements or ‘essential oil’ to 
which the perfume, flavour, or therapeutic virtues 
of the substance are due. LZ ssence of Venus = 
Ens Veneris: see ENS 2b. 

[This sense is common to all the Romanic langs., its 
general currency being prob. due to its use by Paracelsus. 
It is in part a development of 8, perh. suggested by the 
older ji/th essence (see 2b), which had assumed a nearly 
similar meaning.] 

1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxv. 195 Very small 
Viols, such as Chymical Essences .. are wont to be kept in. 
1662 R. Matnew Und. Aldch. 177 The true preparation of 
the Essence of Venus. 1744 THomson Spring 509 Bees.. 
with inserted tube Suck its pure essence, 1838 T. THomson 
Chem. Org. Bodies 459 It comes to us from the South of 
Europe under the name of essence of lemons. 1842 BARHAM 
Ingol. Leg., Babes in the Wood iv, Mind Johnny’s chil- 
blains are rubb’d Well with Whitehead’s best essence of 
mustard. 

b. fiz. 

I Ferriar /dlustr. Sterne, Eng. Historians 252 The 
essence of history .. is always apt to evaporate in the mo- 
ment of enjoyment. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. un, Ixxviii, His 
love was passion’s essence. 1836 Marryat AZidsh. Easy 
xxii, It was a perfect love-letter, that is to say, it was the 
essence of nonsense. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. m1. § 14. 53 
Truth cannot be given us in essence. 

10. sfec. A fragrant essence; a perfume, scent. 
Somewhat arch. 

1627-77 FectHam Resolves u. |xiii. 293 It sinks as essence 
does in cotton till all becomes a Fragrancy. 1712-4 Pore 
Rape Lock 1. 94 To save the powder from too rude a gale, 
Nor let th’ imprison’d essences exhale. 1841 James Brigand 
xv, A toilet table covered with all the most costly essences 
and perfumes which could be procured from the four quar- 
ters of the globe. 1855 TENNYSON Maud 1. xiii, His essences 
turn’d the live air sick. 

~ 1768 STERNE Sent. Your., Riddle Explained, Deli- 
cious essence ! how refreshing art thou [flattery] to nature ! 

11. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly sense 10). 

1659 Bovte Exper. Spring of Air xxv. Wks. 1772 1. 59 
We prosecuted the experiment so long, without seeing 
any effect wrought upon the essence-bottles, that, etc. 
Tbid. Essence-glass, 1777 SHERmwAN Trip Scaré, 1.i, Thou 
essence-bottle, thou mhck-cot ! 1886 Pall Mali G. 27 Aug. 
3/2 The essence-steeped fur of a glove. 

Essence (e'séns), v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vams. a. 
To pour like an essence (in quot. fig.). b. To 
furnish or perfume with an essence. @. sonce-use. 
To compress the essence of (a book) zz/o. 

a@. 1635 QuarLes Embl, 1. v. (1718) 22 Love essenc’d in 
the hearts of men. 

b. 1678 {see next]. 1735 Pore Donne Sat. 1v. 232 [Ladies] 
Painted for sight, and essenced for the smell. 1784 Cowrer 
Task 11. 227 A girl, all essenced o’er With odours. 1823 
[see next]. 

c. 1888 Punch 1 Dec. 257/2 Diamonds Led is a three- 
volume novel essenced into ire pages. 

Essenced (e’sénst), 4//. a. [f. as prec. + -ED1.] 
Perfumed with ‘ essences’, scented. 

1675 WYCHERLEY Country Wife Epil., You essenced boys, 
both old and young, Who would be thought so eager, brisk, 
and strong. 1698 VANBRUGH sof v. i, An essenc’d Peruke, 
and a sweet handkerchief. 1823 Praep Poems, Troubadour, 
There were brooks of essenced waters. 

+ Essencificate, v. Ods. [f. Essmncx sé. after 
the analogy of amplificate, etc. Cf. ESSENTIFICATE.] 
trans. To imbue with an essence. 

1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 321 These elixerated 
Oyls and essencificated Salts. 

+ Essencify, v. Ods. rare—1. [f. EssEncx sd. 
+-(I)FY.] trans. = prec. 

1707 Curios. in Hush, & Gard. 330 Salt. Nacangimey, 3 always 
essencify’d with the same Qualities and Virtues, as the Plant 
from which it is extracted. 


ESSENTIAL. 


+Essencion, ds. [f. Essence sb. + -10N 
? confused with ascension.) = ESSENCE. 

ta 1400 Chester Pi, (Shaks. Soc.) I. 8 The wholle foode of 
paternite Is sette in my [God's] essencion. 

+Evssency. Ods. [ad. L. essentia: see Es- 
SENCE.] = EssENcE in various senses. Fifth ¢s- 
sence = (QUINTESSENCE. 

1460-70 Bh. Quintessence 1. 11 The science in be extrac- 
cioun of be 5 essencie from blood, and fleisch, and eggis. 
1570 Levins Manip. 96 Essencie, essentia. 1647 H. More 
Song of Soul u, iii. mt. xii, One steddy Good, centre 
of essencies. 1648 Royalist’s Def. 114 The essency of a 
House of Parliament doth not consist meerly in the legall 
assembling of the Members. 

Essene (es7'n). Also 6 essen. [ad. L. Zssén-i 
pl., a. Gr. Eoonvoi ; presumably of Heb. or Ara- 
maic origin, but the etymology is disputed. See 
the 19 different suggestions in Ginsburg Zhe Zs- 
senes (1864) 27-30.] One of an ancient Jewish 
sect, characterized by certain mystical tenets and 
ascetic practices, and by a cenobitical life. 

1553 IT. Witson Xhet. 33 The Essens, of whom Josephus 
speaketh that thei wil neither haue wyfe nor servauntes. 
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xxv. 392 It wil not be amiss to 
rehearse this record of Porphyrius, yt the Religious sect of 
the Essens among y’ Iewes..made a profession of Prophe- 
sying. 1748 HartLey Observ. Manu. iv. 390 Many, as the 
Pharisees and Essenes, had recourse to this great Source of 
Comfort. 1841-4 Emerson /ss. Ser. 1, vill. 197 Why so 
impatient to baptize them Essenes, or Port-Royalists, or 
Shakers. 

Hence Esse‘nian a., also 8 -ien, pertaining to, 
or resembling, the Essenes. Esse‘nic, Esse‘nical 
adjs., of the nature of Essenism, E’ssenism, a. 
the doctrine and practice of the Essenes; b. a 
leaning to the doctrine of the Essenes. E-ssenize 
v., to assert or favour the tenets of the Essenes ; 
also Evssenizing ///. a. 

1878 NV. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 496 The survivors .. were 
half Christian and Essenian. 1832-4 Dre Quincey Caesars 
(1862) IX. p. ix, ‘The two codes of practical doctrine—Chris- 
tian and Essenic. 1879 Farrar St. Pad II. 542 The Es- 
senic elements which were destined to ripen into Gnosticism. 
a@ 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642), This Essenicall 
piety in observing the Sabbath. 1875 Licnrroor Comm. 
Col. (ed. 2) 419 The deliverance of the individual in the 
shipwreck of the whole..was the plain watchword of Es- 
senism, 1882 Farrar Larly Chr. 11. 18 Critics have spoken 
of the Essenism and the Ebionism of the Epistle [of St. 
James). 1875 Licutroor Cow. Col. (1886) 352 Ewald.. 
points out..an Essenizing Sibylline poem, 

Essential (ésenfal), a. and sd. Forms: 4-6 
essenciall(e, -yal(1, (4 escencyalle, 6 assencial), 
6-7 essentiall, 6- essential. In B 2 also aphet. 
sensual, [ad. late L. essentialis, f. essentia Ks- 
SENCE: cf. Pr. essencéal, Sp. esencial, It. essenziale.] 

A. adj. 
1. In various senses related to ESSENCE sd. 1-4. 
a. That is such by essence, or in the absolute 
or highest sense. 

1340 Hampote Prose Tr. (1866) 16 
escencyalle joy es in pe lufe of Godd by hymselfe and for 
hym-selfe, and be secundarye es in, etc. 1817 CoLERIDGE 
Biog. Lit. 1, i, 22 The poem .. to which we return .. claims 
the name of essential poetry. ats Sparrow Sev. xv. 203 
As the love of God is essential happiness, sin, which is 
enmity to him, is essential misery, eternal misery. . 

+b. Having existence, rea], actual. Also, iden- 
tical with what now exists. Ods. 

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 27 Monasteries .. which the 
kinges maiestie. .shall declare and limittee to continue and 
be in their assencial estate. /d7d. c. 28 § 3 As if the same 
monasteryes .. hadde ee in ther essencyall bodyes 
and states that thei now be or were in. 1552 Bk. Com. 
Prayer, Communion, Anye reall and essenciall presence. 
@ 1635 CorBET Poents 62 Was his essential table full and 
free As boasts and invitations used to be? e 

+e. Relating to position in the scale of being. 
Obs. rare. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man.1. vi. 122 The production 

of Creatures of various degrees of essential perfection. 

+d. Dependent on the intrinsic character or 
condition of anything, not on extraneous circum- 
stances. Of diseases: Idiopathic (cf. ESSENCE 3 b). 
Essential merit (Theol.) = ‘ merit of condignity’, 
the merit belonging to good works in propor- 
tion to their intrinsic excellence; so Essential 
reward. 

1soz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) tv. iv. 172 He 
shall not be rewarded of meryte essencyall for those werkes 
done in deedly synne, 1560 tr. Hisher On Prayer D viij, 
Euerie merit. .whiche is recompensed — rewarde 
(as they call it) in heauen, a 1654 J. WesstER (Webster), 
Is it true, then, that thou art but a name, And no essential 
thing? 1875 LyeLt Princ. Geol. I. 1. iii. 28 Mountains are 
formed, he [Avicenna] says, some by essential, others by 
accidental causes. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Essential disease, 
a disease complete in itself, and not depending on, or symp- 
tomatic of another. ae 

e. Essential debility, dignity (Astrol.): see the 
sbs. 
+f. With descriptive sbs.: Thorough, entire. 

1604 Dekker Honest Wh, Wks. 1873 II. 31 Oh he’s a 
most essentiall gentleman, coz. 1721 CisBER Woman's Wit 
11, Dear Ladies, your most essential humble Servant. 

2. Of or pertaining to essence, specific being, 
or intrinsic nature. Lssential difference (Logic) : 


e souerayne and be 


ESSENTIAL. 


= ‘specific difference’, DirrerentiIa. Essential 
character: in scientific classification, the marks 
which distinguish a species, genus, etc. from the 
others included with it in the next superior division. 
Essential proposition (Logic): one which predi- 
cates of a subject something that is implied in its 
definition. + Zssential name (Theol.): see quot. 
1398. Lssential form (Metaph.): see Form. 

3398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1. (1495) 7 The names 
signyfienge or betokenynge the dyuyne essence or be: 

ben callid names essencialles. 1590 Martowe t 
Tamburl. w. ii, The essential forme of Marble stone, Tem- 
per’d by science metaphysical. 1594 Hooxer Zec/. Pod. 1. 
li. fe In which essentiall vnitie of God. 1605 Bacon 
Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 8 Deceit or untruth. .doth destroy the 
essential form of knowledge, which is nothing but a re- 
presentation of truth. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 4 [The 
copula] signifies an essentiall attribution (that is) that, the 
latter part of the definition doth giue being vnto the former. 

1656 Bramuat Reflic. i. 3 Rationability..is a substantiall 
part of a man, because it is a part of his definition or his 
essentiall difference. 1687 Death's Vis. vii. note (1713) 6 
Essential Forms I say, rather than Substantial. 1736 
Butter Anal. 1. iii. 63 Its [Virtue’s) having in the essen- 
tial nature of the thing a tendency to produce them 
(Superiority and Advantages]. 1776 Wirnerinc Brit, 
Plants (1796) 1. 212 The nectary gives the essential cha- 
racter. 1846 Mitt Logic 1. vi. § 4 An essential proposition 
then, is one which is purely verbal. 1875 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) I. 178 The desire to ascertain..the essential nature 
of virtue. , 

3. Constituting, or forming part of, the essence 
of anything ; belonging to a thing by virtue of its 
essence ; necessarily implied in its definition ; in- 
dispensably entering into its composition. 

1546 Lanauey Pol. Verg. De Invent. ww. i. 82 His only begot- 
ten son equal to him in essential power. 1596 Spenser Hymn 
Heav. Beauty xvi, Those essentiall parts of his, His truth, 
his love, his wisedome, and his blis. 1661 BraAmMHALL Fust 
Vind. vii. 225 By the Law of Nature as an essential right 
of Soveraignty. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. un. vi. (1695) 246 
‘The thought of any thing essential to any of them, instantly 
vanishes, 1 Stannore Paraphr. 1. 54 The Glory of 
God is so exquisite in itself and so Essential to Him, that, 
etc. 1862 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. Ing. 11. i. g ‘The desire 
of reputation .. is an essential part of human nature. 1878 
Tair & Stewart Unseen Univ. i. 23 In the essential im- 
mortality of the soul. 

b. Affecting the essence of anything; ‘ mate- 
rial’, important. 

1770 Funius Lett. xii. 209 You have done essential service 
to the cause. 2 Gisson Decl. & F. 111. 44 The piercing 
eye of the founder of the republic must have discerned two 
essential imperfections. 1794 Burke Rep. Lords’ ¥rnis. 
Wks. 1842 II. 617 To have adopted the civil law with no 
very essential variation. x BLACKIE Four Phases 1. 142 
It is not in the nature of things that a better man should 
receive essential harm from a worse. 

4. Absolutely necessary, indispensably requisite. 

Essential vows : the three vows (of chastity, poverty, and 
obedience) indispensable to the monastic life. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 151 b, The lyfe of re- 
ligyous persones, that professeth the thre essencyall vowes. 
1612 Be. Hatt Pref. to reieraay tes Lud. Lit., Those sciences 
which are so Essentiall to the Spirituall house of God. 1662 
Gersier Princ. 4 The first and essential point of Building, 
(to wit, Solidity with Ornament and Conveniency). 1712 
Appison Sfect. No. 279 ? 8 That serious Air which seems 
essential to the Magnificence of an Epic Poem. 1807 
T. TuHomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 85 Silica .. is an essential 
ingredient in mortar. 1 Buckre Civiliz. (1873) II. viii. 
425 Propositions which I hold to be most essential for a 
right understanding of history. 1874 MickLeTawatte Mod. 
Par. Churches 223 The essential quality of a monument is 
permanence. 

b. Music. Essential chord, in early use = com- 
mon chord ; in later use = FUNDAMENTAL, opp. to 
accidental (see quot. 1806). Essential harmony 
(see quot. 1851). LZssential notes: the 1st, 3rd, 
and 5th notes of a chord. Lssential sharps and 
flats (see quot. 1806). 

1721 A. Matcotm 7veat. Mus., Of the natural Notes of 
every Mode or Octaue, Three go under the Name of the 
essential Notes, ina peculiar Manner, viz. the Fundamental, 
the 3d, and sth. 1806 Catcorr Mus. Gram. (1817) 55 
Sharps or flats.. which occur in the course of the Movement 
.«. are termed accid 1, to distinguish them from those of 
the Signature, which are essential to the Scale of the original 
key note. /did. 202 His [Kirnberger’s] arrangement of 
Chords, into essential and acciden 18sx WARNER tr. 
Weber's Th. Composition 258 There are only certain par- 
ticular harmonies, which belong to any one icular key.. 
‘These are called the Sasentint basaoales the key. 1 
Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 679/1 s.v. Harmony, The use ge 
liminary notes a i above or below any note of an 
essential chord. 

5. That is of the nature of, or resembles, an 
essence or extract (see Essence 10); that is in 
a state of essence. 

1641 Frencn Distill, v. (1651) 113 This Spirit contains in 
it..essentiall Sulphur. 1673 Grew Anat. Plants u. i. v. 
§ 16 In the V: a more Essential Liquor..in the Fi 
a more simple and Essential Aer. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. 120 P 2 They filled his apartments with alexi 
resto es, ond ial virtues. 1832 Worpsw. Devot. 
Incit ts, Fromh i thyme—Exhaled, 
the essential odours climb. : 

_b. Lssential oil, a volatile oil, obtained by dis- 
tillation, and marked by the characteristic odour 
of the plant or substance from which it is extracted ; 
as the oil of laurel, oil of turpentine, etc. Now 
often as a synonym of ‘ volatile oil ’, 


Se einles A 
v 


destitute of the h of the fixed oils. 1867 J. Hocc 
Microsc. 1. iii. 205 ions of woods .. 
ould’ be soaked in essential oil, alcohol, of 


1715 in Kersey. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 9 The essen- 
tial 5 sal obtain’d by Chrystallicati 

the Juices of Plants. 1800 tr. Lagrange’s Chem. U1. 181 
What the first chemists called, in general, the Essential 
Salts of Vegetables. 

6. quasi-adv. = EsseNnTIALLy. 

1827 PoLLox Course 7. x, His face with clouds Of glory 
circled round, essential bright. 

B. sd. 

+1. What exists; existence, being. Ods. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ. 11. 93 His utmost ire. . Will. .quite con- 
sume us, and reduce To nothing this essential. 

2. Something belonging to the essence of a 
thing; an indispensable element or adjunct ; also, 
in weaker sense, a chief or leading point. Orig. 
only in f/. ; in later use, occas. sing. tb. pl. = 
Essential vows ; see A 4. 

1513 BrapsHaw St. Werburge 2372 Euer after to obserue 
the essencyals thre. did. 1913 The sensuals thre. a 1619 
Fornersy A theom. 1. iv. § 3 (1622) 23 Vowes, and invoca- 
tions, and other the Essentials of religion. Harris 
Hermes Wks. (1841) 167 These matters. . being rather among 
the elegancies, than the essentials of language. 1793 SMEA- 
ton Edystone L. § 266 If..all our essentials had duly per- 
formed their duties, we could have rea little advantage 
from them. 1815 Scotr Guy M. xxxiil, ‘ Well, well’, said 
Glossin, ‘no occasion to be particular, tell the essentials’. 
1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. vii. §1 Natural motive powers. .are 
a help, but not an essential of production. 1850 Mrs. JAmE- 
son Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 230 The distinction between 
the Franci: and Domi lay not in essentials, but 
merely in point of discipline. 1860-1 Fio. NIGHTINGALE 
a. it. 7 The first essential to the patient, without 
which all the rest. .is as nothing. 3873 H. Spencer Studs 
Sociol. v. 111 A tendency. .to be blinded by exterior trivial 
ities to interior essentials. 

+3. ~/. Inmost nature ; ‘vitals’. Obs. rare. 

a 1716 Sout (J.\, The plague of sin has even altered his 
nature, and eaten into his very essentials. 


+Essentialist. Os. [f. prec.+-18T.] The 
name given to a Nonjuror who held that the 
‘usages’ which were omitted from the Second 
Prayer-book of Edward VI were ‘ essential ’. 

1719 (title), A Dialogue in Vindication of our present 
Liturgy and Service; between Timothy a Churchman and 
Thomas an Essentialist. 

Essentiality (ése:nfij«'liti). 
-1TY.] 

1. The quality or fact of being essential. 

1640 Goopwin Fustifying Faith 1. i. (R.), The substantial- 
ness and essentiality of a promise relates to the actual 
execution of it. 1646 SattmarsH Some Drops ii. 32 The 
onenesse, Entirenesse, 7 and essentiality of the 
Truth. 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 1. viii. ae ) 35% 
‘There are many upon whom the essentiality of Intellectual 
and Moral discipline will. .impress itself. 

2. Essential character or nature ; essence. 

1616 R. C. Times’ Whis. 1. 122 The mistery Of searching 
his [God's] essentialitie, 1647 Jer. TavLor Dissuas. Popery 
u. 1. § 4 (R.) This faith is perfected, as to the essentiality of 
it, in the death and resurrection of Christ. PorpaGEe 
Myst. Div. 79 Love’s Eternal Essentiality is that out of 
which all pure simplified Spirits were brought forth. 1866 
CartyLe Edw. Irving Misc. (1881) I. 229 This ‘ noble lady’ 
was in essentiality an artist. 

3. An essential quality (rare) ; also A/. essential 
points or elements ; essentials. Cf. EssenTIat B. 2. 

1649 J. Eccieston tr. Behmen's Epist, 1. 9 This essen- 
tiality is called Sophia, being the essentiall wisedome, or 
the body of Christ. 1710 Swirt in ZAxaminer No. 32 ? 3 
The French .. whose essentialities are generally so very 
superficial. 1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 322 When priests .. 
shall forget the solemn essentialities of their office. 1858 
Cartyte Fredk. Gt. 11. 1x. iii. 425 In all the essentialities 
of it, there had not been. .the least flaw. 

+ Esse‘ntialize, v. In 7 essentialise. [f. as 
prec. +-1ZE.] ¢rans. To e essential; to give 
essence or being to. 

1669 Gate tr. Plato in Crt. Gentiles 1. m1. iii, 325 The 
Divine Opificer, by whose .. effective word, althi were 
essentializ’d. 

Hence Esse‘ntializer. 

1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. m1, iii. 320 The first fabricator, 
perfector, essentialiser of Beings or he that gives 
to Beings. 

Essentially (ése'nfali), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-LY2.] In an essential manner. 

1. fig. In essence; with respect to essence; as 
an essential attribute or constituent, 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. mi. xiv. (1495) 58 A my3te 

398 Bid rath asf pabek xiv, (1495) 5' 'y3 


of y* ly i] yeue to werke 

doo his dedes in y’ body. 1534 More Answ. Poysoned Bh. 
Wks. 1121/1 The glory of his godhed is, to be present and to 
fill al at ones assencially. Hooker EZecé. Pol. 
They define not Church by what the 
Church essentially is. x Donne Serm. i. (1634) 7 To 
see that God essentially face to face. ax680 GLANVILI. 
(J.), Body and spirit are essentially divided, though not locally 


~ 
ag 
< 
“ 


[f. as prec. + 


v. xviii. (1611) 


ESSENTIFICAL. 
distant. De Fam. = . 
c a is he ) God, thovgh in 1 mtr me 
‘osTER in J v4 ” eee 1a which are 
+b. On the of (one’s) actual nature. 


Suakxs. 2 Hen. VI, v. ii. 39 He that loues himselfe, 
Hath not ially, but Sd name of 


y 5 
» Teally. Obs, 
_ 1602 Ham. iu, iv. 187 That I essentially am not 
TA Pa phenek ii che cestabidl pointe, matectall 
re) essential po ma y: 
substantially. ; 
Burke Corr, (: L M inion .. does not .. 
cnn ake Gane pete Yordship. 1823 Lams 
Elia Ser. u. xxiv. (1865) 405 A form of words—literally false, 
but essentially deceiving no one. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl, 
Ta = na Hoek : “tah eek Ds The impression +m 
RYCE ‘om. » Ve 
ween the three par aay leave is essentially the same, 
1879 J. Times in Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 7/1 She [i. e. 
a steamship] was, as a whole, essentially completed. 
e. In the proper or essential ion, 
DowLanp ii icrol. 51 Rests placed i 
= ‘ Essentially whoa they ras ad 


2. a. Indispensably. 

1757 Foote Author 1, 1 believe her Brother's consent 
essentially necessary. 1812 We.tincTon in Gurw. Dis. 
IX. 122 pl ially y to both armies, 

b. Ina marked or eminent degree; eminently. 
he Drayton Past. Eclog. vit. (R.), None are so essen- 
ially high As those that on her [Wisdom’s] bounty do = 
1713 Appison in Guardian No. 3 ® 4 Knowledge .. truly 
py essentially raises one man above another. 1869 Mem, 
F. Grey 100 blessed union. .has contributed so essen- 
tially to the. . prosperity of both countries. 

Essentialness (ése'nfalnés). [f. as prec. + 
Lee, The quality or fact of being essential. 

1640 Lp. Dicsy Sp. conc. Trien, Parl. 12 The Essentialnes 
Sir of freq Parli to the happi of this King- 
dome. a 1699 Bonnett in W. Hamilton Life u. (1703) 175 
Each endeavouring ..to pretend them to be of more Essen- 
tialness and Weight in Religion, than indeed they are. 1736 
in Baitey. 1854 Ruskin Lect. Archit, Add. 120 A confusion 
of the idea of essentialness..with the idea of nobleness. 

+ Esse'ntiate, ff/.a. Obs. [as if ad. L. *es- 
sentiat-us ; see next.] = EssxnTIATED. In quot. sd. 

1630 “G. Wippowes Schysmat. Puritan A iij b, The 
scriptures deduceable sence in Essentials, Essentiates, Effi- 
cients, Finals, Subiects, Effects, and their Modalities, .. 


confounds this Professor. 
+ Esse‘ntiate, v. Obs. Pa. pple. in 6 essen- 
tiate. [f. as if on L. *essentiat- ppl. stem of *es- 
sentiare, f. essentia: see Hesswon.} 
1. trans. To make into an essence or being ; to 


form or constitute the essence or being of. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Jnst. 1. 39 For wi sayth 
that the Sonn was essentiate or to be of his Father, 
denieth that he is of himself. 1647 Satrmarsu Sfarkd. 
reader, ) 66 That which forms, es, or 
the true ist ian, is the _— of Jesus Christ, 1680 Baxter 
Answ. Stillingfil. 8 A Church as well as a Kingdom, is 
essentiated a pars regens, and pars subdita, 1687 
Death's Vis. . 4 Those turns of Fancy and Wit, that 
almost Essentiate a Poem. Sys 

b. Zo essentiate together: to unite in essence ; 
to make into one essence or being. 

1593 Nasue Christ’s 7. 9b, What is a man, if the parts 
of his bod: eect not incorporated and essen- 
tiate tog Ee. 

2. intr. To become essence; to be assimilated 
or converted into a being or body. 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. v. iv, What comes 
nearest the nature of that it feeds, converts quicker to 
nourishment, and doth sooner essentiate. 

3. trans. To refine into an ‘essence’ or subtle 
extract. (See EssenTIATED f//. a.) 

Hence Esse‘ntiated //. a, Esse ntiating v//. 
sb, and We a. Esse‘ntiator, he that ‘essentiates’. 

1656 H. More Antid. Ath. (1662) 14 A rabble of Self- 
essentiated and divided Deities. 1673 Eveuyn Terra 
(1778) 170 Essentiated its .. are as pernicious to them 
{plants} as brandy and waters to men. 1736 Baitey, 

tiated, or b into or 


spirits. 1635 Montacue in Hammond's Wks, (1684) 11. 
zor If it were simply necessary to the essentiating of a 
church. 168: Baxter Acc. Sherlocke v. 204 A Constitutive 
Cause in the common sense of Logicians, signifieth the 
Essentiating Cause. 1689 in 6¢4 Coll. Papers Pres. A/- 
Sairs + ion made up of three Constituent 
Essen Parts, King, Lords and Commons. 1561 T. 
Norton Caévin's eel 1. 38 ky he [the b imy re aoe 
onely essentiator or er essence. ALE Crt. 
Coatiies II. 1v. 249 He who is the independent Es- 
Essentiator of althings can 
1 


h 


be but 

sence one. 
+Essentie. Ods. rare—'. [ad. L. essentia.] 
= Essence, Essency. 

1552 Hutozt, Essentye or substance compacted of matter 
ona shape. " 


+ Essenti a. Obs. [f. L. essenti-a bei 
or essence + conecte (after mod.L. essentificus). 


Forming or prod: the essence of a thing. 

1656 Y . SERJEANT] tr, ite’s Peripat. Instit. 210 Now, 
naturall Things are naturall the world, unerringly 
flowing from the Essenti! Idea’s, 1662 J. CHANDLER 
Van Helmont’s Oriat. 144 Although the formall light doth 
shine; yet its act is not terminated in shining, but in an es- 
sentificall thingliness. 


ESSENTIFICATE. 


+ Essenti‘ficate, v. Ods. [f.as prec. +-ATE3. 
Cf. essencificate.| trans. To make into an essence. 
Hence Essenti‘ficated //. a. 

1660 tr. Paracelsus’ Archidoxis 1. v. 74 Take Mercurie 
Essentificated, the which separate from all its Superfluities, 
1736 in Battery. 544 in Asx. 

+Essera. /ath. Obs. Also 8 essere, -rs. 
[med.L. essera, essere, ad. Arab. (Sys yea shara, 


with the art. | .tJ| ash-shar@: see Avicenna Canon 


Iv. iii. cap. 13 in the orig. and in the Lat. version 
of 1483. Cf. Fr. warel ‘Old term for a cuta- 
neous eruption attacking the face and hands, re- 
sembling that caused by the sting of nettles, but 
the spots not elevated, and usually unattended by 
fever’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) ; a variety of nettle-rash. 

1706 Puittirs, Essere, 1721-1800 Bary, Essers. 1744 
Mitcuett Colours of People in Phil. Trans. XLIII. 108 ces 
taneous Diseases, as the Itch, prickly Heat or Essere. 1782 
W. HeBerDEN Comm. iii. (1806) 14 The attacks of the essera 
or nettle-rash. 181 in Hooper Med. Dict, 1847 in Craic; 
and in mod. Dicts, : 

Essew, obs. form of Issur. 

Essex (e'séks), The name of an English 
county, occurring attrib. in Zssex calf, properly a 
calf reared in Essex, but often used as a con- 
temptuous designation for the natives of thatcounty. 
Hence, punningly, + Zssex-growth, growth in the 
‘calf’ of the leg. Hence + E’ssexed a. 

1659 Lady Alimony v. v. in Hazl. Dodsley XIV. 361 You 
would wish that his puny baker-legs had more Essex growth 
[ze. more calf]in them. 1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Wks. 
um. 165 A good Legge is a great grace if it be discreetly 
nec in the calfe, and not too much spindled in the 
small. 

Essign, obs. form of Assan. 

Essoin, essoign (esoi'n), 56. Law. Forms: 
4-7 essoyn(e, 4 essonie, Sc. esson3e, 5 esson, 
6-9 essoine, 7-8 essoign(e, 7 (.S¢.) esson3ie, 6- 
essoin, 7- essoign. See also AssoIN sé. [a. OF. 
essone, essonie, essoine, essoigne, essoyne (mod.F, 
exoine), vbl. sb. f. essotgner: see next.] 

1. Zaw. The allegation of an excuse for non- 
appearance in court at the appointed time; the 
excuse itself. Also in phrases 70 cast, make, chal- 
lenge essoin. Day of essoin: the day when excuses 
were received, the first day of term, 

Essoins were admitted on various grounds, pilgrimage, 
the king’s service, illness, etc. The practice is now ob- 
solete. 

¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 249 Pat non eft mad 
essoyn, be kynges right to clame. /6é7d, 291, I may not 
cast essoyn, bot felow my somons. 1483 Act 1 Rich. ///, 
c. 3 § x Non esson or proteccion be allowed in any suche 
accion. 1514 Firzuers, Fust, Peas (1538) 89 b, No pro- 
tection, essoyne, nor wager of lawe to be allowed. 1612 
Drayton Poly-olb. xvii. Notes 270 The xl daies in the es- 
soine of child-birth allowed by the Norman customs. 1620 


J. Wirxinson Hundred Crt, 169 Whosoever will cast any | 


essoine in these courts, he must come at the beginning of 
the court. 1702 Royal Proclam. 29 Mar. in Lond. Gaz. 
No. 3797/2 The First Day of the said Quindena Paschez, 
commonly called the mes of Essoigns. 1713 Swirt Cade- 
nus & Van, Wks. 1824 XIV. 475 But, with.. Demur, im- 
parlance, and essoigne Dad sok ne’er could issue join. 
@1734 Nort Ld. Guildford in Ld, Campbell Chancellors 
(1857) IV. xciv. 284 He reasoned the country people out of 
their pence for essoines. 1885 L. O. Pike Year-dks, 12 & 13 
Edw. ITT, Introd. 31 The essoin was fraudulently cast with- 
out his knowledge. Ss 

b. Clerk of the essoins : ‘an officer of the Com- 
mon Pleas, who keeps the Essoin-rolls, delivers 
them to every officer, and receives them again 
when they are written’ (Phillips 1678-1706). 

1657 Howett Londinop. 368 The Officers of this Court 
{Common Pleas] are many; viz. Custos Brevium, three Pro- 
tonotaries, Clerk of the Essoins [etc.]. 1678-1706 in PHILLIPs, 
1721-1800 in BatLey ; and in mod. Dicts. 

2. In general. An excuse, exemption, making of 
conditions, parleying, delay; also in phr. wth- 
out essoin. 

cr R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 136 He gaf a pousand 
mark, withouten essoyne. ¢1375 Sc. Leg. Seints, Julian 
181 To fynd sume esson3e for-quhy Pai mycht frely pase 
forby. ¢1470 HarpinG Chron. ccxxvi. ii, The duke then of 
Burgoyn, Kepte Fraunce full well without any essoyn. 
1590 SPENSER /, Q, 1, iv. 20 From everie worke he chalenged 
essoyne, For contemplation sake. 

4.3. The alleged sense ‘one who is excused’ 
(= EssomnEk) is app. due to a misunderstanding, 
Cowell’s explanation of AF. essonzé having been 
taken by later lexicographers as referring to essozx. 

(If the sense were authenticated, the word as so used 
would be a distinct sb., repr. AF. essoiné, as Assicn 50.2 
represents AF, assigné.) 

1607 CowELt /nxterpr., Essoine (Essonium) cometh of the 
French Essonié or exonnié i.causarius miles, he that hath 
his presence forborne or excused vpon any iust cause .. It 
signifieth in our common lawe an siledgensnt of an excuse, 

4. Comb. essoin-day (see quot.); essoin-roll, 
the list containing the names of the essoinees, 

1679 Trials of White, etc. 8 Monday is the Essoign Day. 
r BLacksTone Comm, itt. xviii. (1783) 278 Thereon the 

sits to take essoigns. wherefore this is usually called 
the essoign oe! of the term. 1848 Warton Law Lex. s.v., 
Formerly the first general return day of the term was called 
essoign day, use the court sat to receive essoigns, 


Vor, III, 


297 


Essoin (esoi‘n), v. Zaw. Forms: 5-7 essoyne, 
6-8 essoign(e, 6-7 essoine, 7 (Sc.) essonyie, 
-zie, 7- essoin. See also Assorn v. [a. OF. 
essoignier, essointer, essoyner, f. essoyne:—med.L, 
ex-soniare, f. ex out +sonza, sunnts lawful excuse, 
f. OHG. sunna, sunnia, corresp. to OS. sunnea 
doubtfully explained as ‘want, lack’, ON. syz 
refusal, denial ; the OTeut. type coincides in form 
with that of Goth. s#a truth ; the OHG. sense 
must have existed in Goth., which has the derived 
vb. sunjén to excuse.] 

1. trans. To offer an excuse for the non-appear- 
ance of (a person) in court ; to excuse for absence. 
Also, 70 essotn one’s attendance. 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 5 The defendaunt .. be not es- 
soyned. 1607 Cowett /uterpr. s.v., The causes that serue 
to Essoine any man summoned be diuers and infinite: yet 
drawne to fiue heads. 1609 Skene tr. Acts Will, (an. 1165) 
c. 26 § x. 7 Gif ane man is essonyied at the fourt day, be 
reason of seiknes .. or being be3ond Forth: he sall have 
respit, or ane continuation of fourtie days. 1642 PERKINS 
Prof. Bk. xi. 332 The Plaintiffe is essoined so that I cannot 
answer unto him, 1651 tr. Aitchin’s Courts Leet 272 The 
Tenant was Essoyned and at the day made default. 1738 
Hist. Crt. Excheq. ii. 23 They might excuse or essoign their 
Attendance, and attend by Deputy. 1885 L. O. Pike 
Year-bks. 12 § 13 Edw. ITI, Introd. 30 The tenant. .caused 
himself to be essoined. 

2. To accept an excuse from, let off (a person). 

1620 QuarLtEs Yonah Div. Poems (1717) 30 Away with 
wings of time, (I'll not essoin thee). ean 

Essoinee (esoi:nz'). Law. [a. AF. essoignté 
(Britton), pa. pple. of essozguzer: see ESsoIn v.] 
A person excused for non-appearance in court. 

(1607 See Essoin sd, 3.] 1642 W. Birp Mag. Honor 162 It 
shall rest upon the credit and integrity of the Essoinee. 
1865 NicHots Britton II. 351 If the essoinee does not.. 
appear to warrant the essoiner. 

ssoiner (esoiner). Also 7 (.Sc.) essonyier, 
-zier. [ad. AF. essotgniour (Britton), f. essozgnter : 
see EssoIn v.] One who essoins ; one who offers 
an excuse for the absence of another. 

1609 SKENE Reg. Maz. 111 b, It behoues the essonzier to 
name his awin name, and the name of him that is essonzied. 
1651 tr. Kitchin’s Courts Baron 374 The Name of the 
Essoyner shall be put in. 1671 F, Pruittirs Reg. Necess. 
397 An Essoin de Service le Roy was challenged, for that the 
Essoiner was under age. 1889 Univ. Rev. Nov. 436 In the 
High Court of Night Be thou essoiner for us unto Death. 

Essoinment (esoi‘nmént). [f. Essomn v. + 
-MENT.] The action of essoining. 

+Essome, v. Ods. rare—'. [a. OF. essome-r, 
var. of asomer (mod.F. assommer) to knock down.] 
trans. To confound, confuse. 

1660 Burney Keéps. Adpov (1661) 99 Mahumetane juglings, 
to essome their spectators in this lower world. 

+ Essome‘nic, a. Ods. rare. [f. Gr. éoodpev-os, 
fut. pple. of eva: to be +-10.] (See quot.) 

1771 P. Parsons Newmarket I. 123 Another kind of mirror 
ey he Essomenic .. which has the singular power of repre- 
senting things and persons in future times. /dzd. 124 It 
has all the qualities of the other two kinds, but the Esso- 
menic is peculiar to itself. ; 

Essonite, var. of HESSONITE, cinnamon-stone. 

1820 R. Jameson Mix. I, 162 Cinnamon stone .. Essonite, 
1884 Dana Min. 266 Essonite included a cinnamon colored 
variety from Ceylon. 

Esssse, obs. form of ASHES. 

Essue, obs. form of Issur. 

Essurine, var. form of Esurtne. 

Essuy‘ance. Also assuyance. [as if a. F, 
*essuyance f. essuyer to wipe.] (See quot.) 

1646 Buck Rich. I//, 1.27 Holding a Cloth of Plaisance (or 
rather of Essuyance) for her [the Queen’s] Cup. /d¢d, 1. 157 
Cloth of assuyance, Towel or napkin that wait on the cup. 

Est, dial. form of Nest; cf. adder for nadder. 

Est, obs. var. of Easr. 

Est, var. of Este, Ods., delight, favour. 

-est, suffix, forming the superl. deg. of adjs. and 
advbs., represents two forms originally distinct: 
(1) OE, -ost-, -ust-, -ast-, corresp. to OFris., ON. 
-ast-, OS., OHG., Goth. -ést-:—OTeut. -dsto- ; 
(2) OE. -est-, -st-, with umlaut, corresp. to OFris., 
OS., OHG., Goth. -zs¢o-:—OTeut. -zsto-. These 
OTeut. suffixes are combinations of the two com- 
parative suffixes -dz-, -2z- with OAryan -/o- ; similar 
formations in other Aryan langs. are Gr. -:a7ro-, Skr. 
ishtha-. In OE. the two suffixes were already con- 
fused, so that -os¢- occasionally appears with umlaut 
of the root-vowel, and conversely -es¢- without um- 
laut ; a few umlaut forms survived into early ME., 
as lengeste longest; the only examples now re- 
maining are dest, eldest. In OE. (as in Gothic) the 
suffix -2s¢o- was added to the stems of certain older 
superlatives formed with the suffix -#-; the re- 
sulting OE. ending -mest- was in later Eng. con- 
fused with the adv. most: cf. forma, fyrmest, fore- 
most; innema, innemest, inmost: see -MOsT. (For 
the relation in historical and present usage be- 
tween the inflexional comparison in -er, -est, and 
the periphrastic comparison with the advbs. more, 
most; see -ER3,) 


| 


ESTABLISH. 


+ Esta‘ble, v. Os. Also 6 astable, -bill, 
etabill, [ad. F. estadl-2r (mod.F. éablir) = Pr. 
establir, stablir, It. stabilire:—L. stabilire, f. sta- 
bilis STABLE a, See also STABLE v.] ¢rans. = 
EsTaBLISH in various senses. To make stable; to 
settle, fix permanently ; to secure, confirm ; to de- 
cree ; to make steady, support, calm (the mind). 

{1377 Lana. P. P. B. 1. 120 God of his goodnesse gan 
stable .. pe heuene.] ¢1386 Cuaucer Melzb, P 102 Be it 
so that youre emprise be establid and ordeyned by gret 
multitude of people. 148x Caxton Myrvr. 1. 1. 7 He [God] 
is establed without ony meuyng. 1496-7 Act 12 Hen. VII, 
c. 8 § x The Kynge .. enactith, ordeyneth and estableth 
that, etc. c1gxr0 BarcLay Mirr. Good Mann. (1570) D. iij, 
‘This answere besemed .. a man establed in magnanimitie. 
1513 Douctas Aneis x. iv. 74 To comfort and astabill 
Hys hevy amorus thochtis ennoyus. /é/d. xu. vi. 36 Thair 
myndis mesys and estabillis he. x BELLENDEN Livy 1. 
xvi. (1822) 74 Quhill he micht, under his name, etabill the 
kingdome of Romanis to him, 

Establish (ésteblif), v. Forms: 4 estab- 
lisse-n, 5 astabilishe, establisch, -ysch, -issh, 
6 astablese, establyshe, 4- establish. See also 
Srasuisu. [ME. establisse-n, a. OF. estadliss- 
lengthened stem of establir : see prec.] 

1. To render stable or firm. +a. To strengthen 
by material support (ods.). +b. To ratify, con- 
firm, validate (0ds.). ce. To confirm, settle (what 
is weak or wavering); to restore (health) per- 
manently; to give calmness or steadiness to (the 
mind). +d. catachr. To calm (anger), to settle 
(doubts). 

{1375 Barsour Bruce x. 303 His land first [weill] stablist 
he.) 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 10a, Establisshe 
and ease thyn ire with thy pacience. 1524 CpL. WoLsEY 
in Strype Eccl, Men. I. iv. 53 This small number of hal- 
bardiers were appointed. .to establish every captain of your 
archers. 1533 FritH Answ. More 34, I shall establyshe 
his wordes by S. Austen, 1537 in Wright Mozast, Lett. 154 
To conferme, ratefie and astabilishe this my deyd [of sur- 
render of Furness Abbey]. 1558 KENNEDY Comfend. Tract. 
in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 108 The onelie jugis appoyntit 
be God, to establische all doutis. 16rx BisLeE Nz. xxx. 
13 Euery vow .. her husband may establish it, or her hus- 
band may make it voyd. — Rom. iii. 31 Doe we then 
make void the lawe through faith? God forbid; yea, we 
establish the Law. _ 1623 J. WintHRop Ze?. in Hist. New 
Eng. (1853) I. 407, I pray continually, that God will please 
to establish your heart. 1664 Evetyn Aad. Hort. (1729) 
211r Supports, Cradles, Canes or Hoofs, to establish them 
(Carnations, etc.] against Winds, 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 
4439/2 The great Pensioner’s Health seems to be Establish’d. 
1815 JANE AUSTEN Aya i. viii. 56 Harriet’s cheerful look 
and manner established hers. 

2. To fix, settle, institute or ordain permanently, 
by enactment or agreement. Sometimes with obj. 
clause. + Also (rarely) to impose (something) 
upon. 

€1374 CuaAucer Boeth. 1. iv. 311 Coempcioun pat is to seyn 
commun achat or bying to-gidere pat were establissed vpon 
poeple by swiche a manere imposicioun as, etc. c 1386 — 
Parson's T. ® 155 The peynes that been establissed and or- 
deyned for synne. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. Hvb, 
Ye beginning of y? monethes was swa astablesed. 1611 
Brste Gex. ix. 9 And I, behold, I establish my couenant 
with you. 1660 Cuas. II, Declar. Eccl. Affairs in Cobbett 
Parl. Hist, (1808) IV. 139 We shall use our best endeavour 
that such laws may be established, as may best provide for 
the peace of the church and state. 1700-1 Act Settlement 
12-13 Will. IIT, c. 2. § 2 Subject to such Incapacities, as .. 
are by the said recited Act provided, enacted, and esta- 
blished. 1714 Suarp Ws, I. vi. 177 The standing public 
methods which God hath established in the church. 1793 
Smeaton Edystone L. § 283 Having first established, that 
they should quit the work at nights. 1801 Strutt Sorts 
§& Past. Introd. 42 This edict was established, for the regu- 
lation of the Christian army .. during the Crusade, 1884 
Gtapstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/6 We establish in Irish 
counties, as in Scotch and English counties .. the lodger 
franchise. = 

+b. To secure or settle (property, privileges, 
etc.) 40 or wpon persons. Obs. 

cx Fortescur Ads. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 139 To esta- 
blisch .. the same Lyvelood to his Crowne. 1605 SuHaks. 
Macb. 1. iv. 37 We will establish our estate upon Our eldest 
Malcolm. 1665 Watton Life Hooker 33 Destroying what 
was by those known laws happily establisht to them and 
their posterity. : 

+e. To impute (guilt) Zo. Ods. [Cf. ‘ne statuas 
illis hoc peccatum,’ Acts vii. 30 in Vulgate]. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 99/1 He cryed with an hye voys 
and said ‘lord establysshe not to theym thys synne’. 

8. To set up on a secure or permanent basis; to 
found (a government, an institution ; in mod. use 
often, a house of business). 

cL Fortescur Ads. § Lim. Mon. (1714) 103 It schal be 
good that an honorable .. Conceile be establischid. 1g09 
Hawes Past. Pleas.(1554)xxvu. I.xxi, Knighthode, he sayed, 
was first established The commen wealthe in right to defende. 
1670 Tempe Let. in Wks, (1731) III. 227 A Government is 
never well established but in the Hearts of the Subjects. 
1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. xii, 261 The manufactory of 
Messrs. —— was first established towards the end of the 
last century. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. xi. (1880) 183 
They succeeded in establishing many important and highly 
flourishing colonies. 1867 Freeman Norm, Cong. (1876) 1. 
vi. 433 The throne of Cnut, established by wasting wars. 

4. To eee in a secure or permanent position ; 
to install and secure in a possession, office, dig- 
nity, etc.; to ‘set up’ (a person, oneself) in business ; 

38 


ESTABLISHABLE. 


to settle (a person) in or at a place; veff. to obtain 
a secure footing; also in weaker sense, to take up 
one’s Pag + Also intr. for ref. To ‘settle’. 
1 Hospitalls Bv, To deliuer unto such [Bedells] 
as then rema’ their Staves, and again astablishe them. 
16or Saks. Yul. C. 1. iii. 86 The senators to-morrow Mean 
to establish Czsar as aking. 1677 Govt. Venice 102 Since the 
Turks established in Europe. 1770 Lancuorne Plutarc 
(1879) I. 73/2 Numa.. with a view to establish himself in 
the people's good graces .. attempted to soften them. 
Smeaton Edystone L. § 298 The workmen being estal 
in the house .. every one went to the occupation allotted. 
1815 Scribbleomania 96 If a writer be desirous of establish- 
ing himself as a id censor of literature. 1840 THIRLWALL 


298 
1642 T. Lecurorp (¢it/e) Plain Deen -& dale iol 


vem 5 Comper Comp. 


Established Government of 16725 
Temple (1702) 81 All Establisht Protestant Churches do ap- 


ve, use i 

Riocrte £ vi. (1 3 [The 

hs care of maintaining the esta overnment, 1753 

Smart Power Supreme Being(R. Rul'd by establish’d laws 

and current nature. 1790 Burke Fy. Rev. 135 We are resolved 

to keep an established church, an established an 

ye Se ROE: 
URRAY . Gram, (ed. 5) I. 5 They respect some 

the established’ inciples and arrangements of the lan- 

guage, 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vii. 186 The architecture 


of a nation is great only when it is as universal and as es- 


Greece V11. \wii. 205 His first object was t ht 
in his satrapy. 1867 Lavy Hersert Cradle L. iii. 92 The 
gentlemen BP the .. established themselves in very 
comfortable rooms. 187. Green Short Hist. ii. 83 The 
Jewish traders .. were enabled by the royal protection to 
establish themselves in separate quarters. 

+b. To provide for the maintenance of (per- 


sons). Obs. Cf. settle. : 

1644 Cuas.I in Clarendon Hist. Reb. vu. (1843) cs 
[He appointed them] to consider..in what manner his 
family should be established. 1872 H. Lawrenny in Fortn. 
Rev. Mar. 313 Heads of families ceased .. to dower and 
‘establish’ the daughters of the house. 

5. To set up or bring about permanently (a state 
of things); to ‘create’ (a precedent) ; to introduce 
and secure permanent acceptance for (a custom, 
a belief), Also, to secure for oneself, gain per- 
manently (a reputation, a position). 

1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. IV, 1. i. 86 But to establish here a 
peace indeed. 1814 Stock Exchange Laid Open 5 It esta- 
blishes a price in the market. 1826 F. Cooper Mohicans 
ii, The most confirmed gait that he could establish was a 
Canterbury gallop with the hind legs. @1832 MackINTosH 
Causes Revolution Wks, 1846 I1. 164 He had established, 
by his own sole authority, the most unbounded liberty of 
worship. 1861 TuLLocn Ang. Purit. ii. 177 In the remain- 
ing years of Milton's academic career, he established a high 
reputation for scholarship. 1865 Dickens A/ut. Fr. 1. vi, 
It has been hard work to establish order here. 1885 M/anch. 
Exam. 13 July 5/3 The French troops have pretty well 
established their ascendency in the capital. 

b. To erect zvZo (a rule, etc.). +Also (with 
complement), to secure in a certain condition. 

1795 I. Jerrerson Writ, (1859) 1V. 113 Emergencies which 
threatened our country with slavery, but ended in establish- 
ing it free. 1855 J. S. C. Assot Nafoleon II. i. 17 If such 
a tyranny is allowed to be established into a principle, etc. 

ce. Card-playing. To establish a suit (see quot.). 

1862 ‘CavenpvisH’ Whist (1879) 56 Twos and threes may 
become quite as valuable [as higher cards] when the suit is 
established. 1876 A. CAmpBELL-WALKER Correct Card 
Gloss. 11 A suit is said to be established when you have 
exhausted all the best cards in it which were against you. 

6. To place beyond dispute; to prove (a pro- 
position, claim, accusation) ; rarely with personal 
obj. and complement. 
a1704 T. Brown Sat. Antients Wks. 1730 I. 21 He has 
establish’d .. five or six essential differences between those 
two poems. 1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 134 This doc- 
trine Casar Magatus and Belloste have taken great pains 
to establish. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral T. (1816) 1. 224 
If he fail to establish in your minds the innocence of the 
count. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. App. 659 His 
great point he seems to me fully to establish. 1873 Brown- 
1nG Red Cott. Nt.-cap 266 Some better theory Than would 
establish him participant In doings yonder. 1885 Sir C. 
P. Butt in Law Times Rep. LIL 6r/r It is .. extremely 
difficult to establish a case of negligence against the steamer. 

b. To affirm judicially the validity of (a dis- 
puted will). 

1818 Cruise Digest. (ed. 2) VI. 311 Upon a bill to establish 
this will .. Sir Joseph Jekyll declared that, etc. 

7. From 16th c. often used with reference to 
ecclesiastical ceremonies or organization, and to 
the recognized national church or its religion ; in 
early use chiefly Zass. in sense 2 (esp. in phrase dy 
law established, i.e.‘ prescribed or settled by law’), 
but sometimes with mixture of senses 3-5. Hence 
in recent use: To place (a church or a religious 
body) in the position of a national or state church. 

1558 Act 1 Eiiz. c. 2, § 27 Laws wherein .. any other ser- 
vice is limited, established, or set forth to be used within 
this realm. 1592 Se. Acts 12 Parl, Fas. V1, § 114 The trew 
and halie Kirk, presentlie established within this Realme. 
1642 King’s Protest. 19 Sept. in Rushw. Hist. Cold. (1721) 
V. 21, I will.. defend and maintain The True Reformed 
Protestant Religion established in the Church of England. 


d as its aOgEeee, 1865 Earte Sax. Chron. Notes 
340 One of the establi sensation scenes of history. 1888 
Pall Mall G. 25 April 10/2 A return of the number of esta- 
blished and unestablished servants [in the Post Office.] 

Establisher (ésteblifez). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who establishes (in senses of vb.). 

a 600 Hooker Lccé. Pol. (1617) 613 The first founders 
and establishers of them. @1677 Barrow Wks. (1741) IL. 
xx. 215 God being the author and establisher of nature. 
1812 Examiner 14 Sept. sqi/2 Luck .. was the establisher 
of his greatness. 1824-9 Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) I. 93 
That the foudre is rather a destroyer than an establicher. 


Establishing (éste"blifin), v4/. sd. [f. as prec. 
+-InGl.] The action of the vb. EsTaBLisH in its 
various senses. 

c1400 Rom. Rose 6371 No prelate ma 
it the be..That made thilk establisshing. 141: 
Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle w. xxx. (1483) 80 In the election an 
establysshynge of chyuetayns ther may be founden errour. 
1660 Mitton Free Comm. 451 When we have our Forces 
.. in our hands, to the firm establishing of a Free Common- 
wealth. 1846 Trencu Mirac. vi. (1862) 188 The words are 
for the establishing of his trembling faith. 

+ Esta‘blishing, ///. a. Ods. [f. as prec. + 
-InG2.] That establishes; sustaining, support- 
ing. 

1667 Fravet Saint /ndeed (1754) 52 This heart reviving 
and establishing doctrine of the dominion of our Father. 

Establishment (ésteblifmént). [f. as prec. 
+-MENT. Cf. OF. establissement (late AF. esta- 
blishement), Fr. éablissement.] 

I. Action or means of establishing. 

1. The action of establishing ; the fact of being 
established: in various senses of the vb. 

1596 J. Norpen Progr. Pietie (1847) 117 An establishment 
of concord amongst ourselves [is] to be sought and heartily 
prayed for. 1688 Col. Rec. Penn. 1. 226 Phat such Sanc- 
tion and Establishment may be as Effectual and binding as 
any Law. 1739 ButLer Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 225 The bare 
establishment of Christianity in any place ..is a very im- 

rtant and valuable effect. 1788 W. Gorpon (title) The 

istory of the rise, progress and establishment of the 
United States of America. 1851 D. Witson Preh. Ann. 
(1863) II. 1v. i. 192 The establishment of Christianity in 
Scotland. 1871 Figure Training 38 A most awkward and 
clumsy figure is in a fair way towards formation and _ 
manency of establishment, 1875 Fortnum Majolica 37 The 
establishment of the ducal court at Urbino. 

2. esp. The ‘establishing’ by law (a church, re- 
ligion, form of worship). ( ESTABLISH ¥. 7.) 
+a. In early use, the settling or ordering in a 
particular manner, the regulating and upholding 
of the constitution and ordinances of the church 
recognized by the state. +b. In 17th-18th c. oc- 
casionally the granting of legal status to (other 
religious bodies than that connected with the state). 
ec. Now usually, the conferring on a particular reli- 
gious body the position of a state church. 

a. 1640-1 Lp. Dicsy S$. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1721) IV. 
172 A Man..that made the Establishment by Law the 
Measure of his Religion. 1706-7 Act 5 Anne c. 5 Securing 
Ch. Eng., Acts of Parliament now in Force for the Esta- 
blishment and Preservation of the Church of England. 

b. 1731 E. Catamy Life (1830) I. v. 401 The allowance 
of the law is of necessity a snfliclont: establishment [of dis- 
senting worship]. 1792 Coxe & Moore Life Wesley u. iv. 
(ed, 2)355 Mr. Wesley's great desire to remain in union with 
the Church of England .. would not allow him to apply for 
a legal establishment. 

ec. Addr. of Commons to King 27 Feb. in Cobbett 
Pari, Hist. (1808) 1V. 262 In time, some prevalent sect will 
.. contend for an establish 1788 Priestitey Lect. 
Hist. v. \vii, 449 There is no place where there are more 
forms of religion nly professed, and without the esta- 
blishment of any of them than Pennsylvania. 1792 Burke 
Let. Sir H,. Langrishe Wks. VI. 318 The ag teen esta- 


done so, But 


1660 Cuas. II Declar. Eccl. Affairs 25 Oct. 8 The.. 
= have for re rege of England. as it is established by 
w. 2 ‘ALaMY Life (1 . i. 73 Opposition to t 
church gfe poh: Ap ag 1 iB Preskyterian's 
Plea Merit Wks. 1776 IV. 260 ich [Presbyterian] sect 
was .. established in all its forms by..an ordinance of the 
lords and commons. 1 Guapstone State in Rel. Ch. 
108 What is established is by the very force of the term 

likewise endowed. 

+ Esta‘blishable, a. Ods. [f. prec. + -aBLE.] 
That can be established or made secure. 

1667 Waternouse Fire Lond, 115 Establishable against 
a relapse only from him. 

Established pcan ay fei. a. [f. as prec. 
+-ED1.] In senses of the vb. Established Church: 
see CHURCH 5 ¢, and EsTaBLisu v. 7. Established 
clerk, servant, etc.: one on the ‘establishment’, in 
permanent employ. Zstablished list, the list of 
those in permanent employ. 


of the ion of Faith, and the byterian 
church government. 1813 Mrg. Lanspowne in Ho. Lords 
8 Mar., They [Catholic Petitioners of City of Lim- 
erick] asked for no establishment of their own Church. 
a 1832 MackintosH Causes Revol. Wks. 1846 11. 227 Toler- 
ation .. was sometimes ‘ht by Dissenters as a iy foe 
wards establishment. 1886 Eart Setsorne Def Ch. Eng. 
1. iv. 77. All such relations of the Church to the State as 
those which are summed up in the term ‘ Establishment’. 


+3. Established or stable condition ; settlement, 
permanence ; also, settled condition of mind, calm- 
ness, confidence. Ods. 


_ -— a _——— = s 1641 J. Jackson 
vue . 7’. ut. 228 A succession ree 
together Hath notably contribute to establishment, and feli- 
city of a Kingdome. a CLARENDON Hist. Reb. XV. 
py expe mot ge bags he pode Spore 1614 
Owen Holy Cth ae by bisa Permanency and Establish- 
ment in the Truth. 1777 Priestiey Afaft. & Spir. (1782) I. 


ESTABLISHMENT. 


Introd. 6 Truth will.. gain a firm establishment in the 
minds of all men. 
+b. Manner in which anything is established ; 
organization, ‘footing’. Ods. 
suse Weissaaron Bp Suen Dish. 106 The improved esta- 
it on which he had placed their garrisons. 
+4. A means of establishing; something that 


sengthors, supports, or corroborates. Ods. 
. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 17 So many and so not- 
miracles. .are euen as establishments of the law. 
1581 Marseck Bk. of Notes 210 Truth is the piller and esta- 
of the church. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 
it, xx. 155 Their hornes .. being a weake and hollow body, 
quire some i d establish to confirme the length 
of their advancement. 
5. Settlement in life; formerly often (now rarely} 
in the sense of e 
1684 Pripeaux Lett. 12 Nov. (1875) 138, I.. wish with 
32 Now. (87 


Anc. Hist. 1V. 1x. You owe 
education and astbliseages, 
III. x1. 365 To — an esta 


value for one sons. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray 
Fam. |. iii. 259 Herchief solicitude was to procure an affluent 


for her daugh 1815 Jane Austen Enema 
ul, vi. 173 Whenever he were Sisal ned willin; 
ive up much wealth to obtain an early establishment. 
ytton Falkland 16, I saw in the notes of the mothers their 
anxiety for the establish of their daughters, — 
b. Settled income, F aatioyraea for a livelihood. 

1727 Swirt Gulliver's Travels (1731) 104 His Excellency, 
who had - ree ig of a. ¢ Emperor's Revenue, 
might easily provide lessening your esta- 
blishment. 1776 Gipson Decl. § F. 1. xviii. 484 For each 
of these princes a suitable establi: it was ided. 
1776 Cowrer Wks. (1837) XV. 3 It will afford me some 
sort of an establishment, at least for a time. 1832 Ht. Mar- 
tineau Life in Wilds vii. 94 Providing a permanent esta- 
blishment for the captain as their chief magistrate. 

6. Establishment of a port (Fr. établissement 
d'un port): (see quot.). : 

1833 HerscueL Astron. xi. 337 That deviation of the time 
of high and low water at any port or harbour, from the cul- 
mination of the luminaries .. which is called the ‘ establish- 
ment’ of that port. 1875 Beprorp Sailor's Pocket-bk. v. 
(ed. 2) 168 The time of high water at an’ — place is 
the same on the days both witvaaad ull Moon, and is 
termed the ‘Establishment of the Port’, 1886 Goprray 
Astron. App. (ed. 4) 200 The interval between the instant 
of the moon’s transit across the meridian on the day of new 
or full moon, and the subsequent high water, is called the 
vulgar establishment of the port. 

TT. Something that is established. 

+7. A settled arrangement; a settled constitu- 
tion or government. Also, a legal enactment. Ods. 

1481 Caxton God/rey (E. E.T.S.) 42 Helde a counseyl. .of 
the prelates of ytalye at playsance, where he made .. esta- 
blisch the of the Conve. 4 
Spenser State /rel. (J.), Bring in that estab 
which all men should be contained in duty. 1605 Vers- 
TEGAN Dec. Intell. iii. (1628) 63 Aduanced to the honourable 
titles of Earles and Lords, with Establishment for the con- 
tinuall remaining of these titles. a 1655 Vines Lord's Supp. 
(1677) 418 Not that I would encourage any man to 
a wholsom order or establishment. 1714 F”. Bk. of Rates 
5 That so much talk’d of Establishment, call’d the Tariff of 
1664. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 134 Our establishment 

as 


4 was ) 
b. sfec. in Fr. Hist. (transl. of Fr. établissement). 
1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (87a) I. 244 When St. Louis 
enacted that great code which bears the name of his Esta- 
blishments. G. W. Kircums Hist. France 1. m1. viii. 
343 The royal ‘Establishments’ or codes of law. 
+e. The ‘estimates’ for public expenditure. Ods. 
1 Eart Essex in Essex P. x Aug., Upon the 
is K [Ireland], 


closing of the Establishment for dome 

five hundred Pounds a year were with intention 
that if I should find cause to move the King in behalf of this 
City of Dublyn, it should be restored to them agen..I 
Senwa as 1 wer Deve an order to insert them [the £ 500] 
into the Establi £. F 

8. The ecclesiastical system established by law ; 
more fully Church Establishment. Hence The 
Establishment often occurs as a distinctive name 
for the established church (esp. of England, Scot- 
land, formerly Ireland), in contradistinction to the ° 
a come =” Relig. Eng. 28 The Setling of 

* isc. ig. % in, a 
Ni uvke eide of Ectablishment a Limited 
Toleration, _ - Eoue Peer etc.) © M3 

2 7 Vv. ere variety a 
canta asntegst those Gut Of the Eetablisunent, 4s well as 
those under it, 1786 W. Prrr in Ld. Stanhope Zi (1879) 
I. 252 It is certainly a delicate thing to meddle with the 
Church Establish in the ituation of Ireland. 

1795 J. Arkin Manchest Chad a chapel 
of the establishment. A. Knox Rem. (1844) 1. 9 
These teachers have y been found .. within Esta- 
blishments. 1824 Syp. Smrru Ws. (1859) II. 51/1 America 

..has no Establishment. 1829 Gen. P. THomrson Z-verc. 
(es) 1. as Bat the le in England dislike the church 
establi t. 1869 Times Ann. Summary 306 The Irish 
Church Establishment has been abolished. 

9. a. An organized body of men, maintained at 
the ex of the sovereign or bed ar beim for 
a ific purpose; orig. said of the me fac 
eins, tk applied also to the naval and ci ‘Bb. 
The quota of officers and men in a age ship. 
etc., complement. Also in Peace, War establish- 
ment ; cf. 


3b. 
Brief Ret. (1857) 1. 5x8 What forces shall 
bom s e toa Ca 57) tn be continued in ‘Eng- 


ESTABLISHMENTARIAN. 


lish pay, and on the English establishment. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. 1. 266 The Sg of the civil, military and 
naval establishments. 1800 Dunpas in Owen Wedlesley’s 
Disp. 558 The establishment does not seem to have ex- 
ceeded eighty thousand men. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. 
Gunner (ed. 2) 69 The usual establishment of officers for 
ships of the same class. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng. I. 295 
These gallant brigades .. had been placed on the English 
establishment. 1853 Srocqueter Mzl. Encycl., Peace Es- 
tablishment is the reduced condition of an army suited to 
atime of peace. War Establishment is the aug ion 
of regiments to a certain number .. to meet war exigencies. 
1884 Pali Mall G. 12 Sept. 10/2 Lieutenant-Colonel —— 
formerly H.E.1.C.S., Bengal establishment. 

10. An organized staff of employés or servants, 
often including, and sometimes limited to, the 
building in which they are located: a. A public 
institution, a school, factory, house of business, etc. 

Establishment hand (colloq. stab hand): among printers, 
an ema on weekly wages as distinguished from one on 
piece-work. 

1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries 1. 188, I now per- 
ceived .. the high road passed close to the establishment 
[Pestalozzi’s schools]. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. iv, We 
don’t consider the boys’ appetites at our establishment. 
1842 Biscuorr Woollen Manuf. 11. 33 The British manu- 
facturers .. have been compelled to seek markets, and form 
establishments in..the most distant parts of the globe. 
1845 SrocquELer Hand-bk. Brit, India (1854) 74 Of these 
establishments the Bishop’s College Press, at Calcutta, un- 
questionably stands at the head. 185x D. Witson Preh. 
Ann. (1863) II. 1v.i. 192 The religious establishment founded 
at Iona. 1873 Act 36 $ 37 Vict. c. 76. §6 The .. insufficiency 
of the establishment for working such railway. 

b. A household; a family residence. 
_ Separate establishment: a phrase often used when it is 
indicated that a married man maintains a paramour. 

1803 fod. Paris, Two or three families long connected 
with mine, have still establishments here. 1828 D’Israrti 
Chas. I, 1. i. 3 Even long after this period, the poverty of 
the royal establishment was observed. 1856 FrouprE //ist. 
Eng. (1858) I. vii. 174 Her establishment was broken up, 

she was sent to reside. .in the household of the Princess 
Elizabeth. 1862 Trotiope Orley F. i, His wealth would 
have entitled him to the enjoyment of a larger establish- 
ment. Mod. Newspaper, Everybody but his wife seems to 
have known that he had a separate establishment. 

Establishmentarian (éste:blifménté»riin), 
a.and sb. [f. prec. +-arian. . adj. 

1. a. Advocating the principle of an established 
church ; characteristic of those who advocate this 
principle. b. That adheres to or favours a church 
for the reason that it is established. 

1847 Ecclesiologist VII. 173 The old establishmentarian 
leaven is not worked out, far from it. 1858 Sat. Rev. V. 
eis ss analogous form of this faith..has taken an 
‘rastian and Establishmentarian turn. 1875 GLADSTONE 
Glean. VI. lv. 171 The prosecutors .. are strongly (to use 
a barbarous word) establishmentarian. 1878 G. A. Denson 
Notes of My Life(ed. 2) 79 The Church Corporate cannot be 
said to be in substance other than Establishmentarian. 

2. Belonging to the Established Church. 

1849 Fraser's Mag. XX XIX. 128 Children of Methodist, 
me .. and Establishmentarian parents. 


. 56. One who supports the principle of an | 


‘Establishment’ or an Established Church. Also, 
an adherent of the Established Church. 

1846 Hook Educ. People 37 Those who, like myself, are 
called High Churchmen, have little or no sympathy with 
mere Establishmentarians. 1862 Sat. Rev. XIV. 417/2 
They [Baptists and Independents] were all generally Esta- 
blishmentarians ; but they could make no other claim to be 
established than that of numbers and power. 1879 Daily 
News 28 June 6/1 The Nonconformists have made inroads 
on the ranks of the Establishmentarians. 

Hence Establishmenta‘rianism, the tenets of 
an establishmentarian; attachment to the prin- 
ciple of a State Church. 

1873 F. Hatt Mod. Eng. 44 Establishmentarianism was 
wont to roll over the relatial LAbp. Trench’s] tongue. 1876 
Tinsley’'s Meg XVIII. 386 The days of Establishment- 
arianism would be numbered. 

Esta‘blishmentism. [f. EsraBLisHMENt? + 
-IisM.]_ The principle of a State Church. 

1851 J. H. Newman Cath. in Eng. 54 Establishmentism 
is the very life of Protestantism. 
|| Estaca‘de. J7/. Also 8 erron. estocade. 
Pe. ad. ee. estacada, f. estaca stake ; sense 2 arises 

rom a confusion with It. steccata (which has this 
sense), f. stecca lath.]- 

1, A dike constructed of piles in the sea, a river, 
or a morass, to check the approach of an enemy. 
Cf. StocK ADE. 

Gerster Counsel C viij b, The Town had held out 
till the Sea overturned the Ditch and the Estacade. 1755 
Carte Hist. Eng. 1V. 194 Beyond that a third of ships 
sunk forming an estocade, 1777 Watson Philip [1 (1793) II. 
x. 171/2 He formed in the most shallow parts an estacade, 
a work of prodigious labour. — Craic. : 
-b.. An arrangement of stakes for defence. 

1827 Soutuey Penins. War Il. 715 The Spaniards made 
every exertion to defend it [a breach in the Baluarte del 
Rey] with sacks of earth, estacades, and whatever other 
obstacles they could to the enemy. 

2. A raft made of balks of timber, fastened to- 

ther with chains, used to block up a channel or 
arbour-mouth. : 

1670 Corton Esfernon it. vil. 393 He Se 8 
Machine, which was an Estacade, or kind of floating Fort. 
|| Bstaca'do. vave—1. [see -apo.] = prec. — 

1810 tr, Le Moniteuy in Naval Chron. XXIII. 137 An 


299 


estacado has been established, which secured our gunboats 
from fire-ships. 

|| Estafe-tte (¢stafet). [Fr. estafette, ad. It. 
staffetta, dim. of staffa stirrup, f. OHG. stapho step.] 
A mounted courier. 

1792 Bootusy Burke's App. Whigs 84 note, An estafette 
was despatched on the part of our Ministers at the Hague, 
requiring Marshal Bender to suspend his march, 1812 
WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disp. VIII. 649 They can secure the 
services of the Estafette .. only by placing him in the 
centre of the escort. 1858 CartyLe Fredk. Gt, (1865) II. v. 
ii. 77 Diplomatic correspondence, carried once by breathless 
estaffettes. ¢ 

Hence Estafe-tted £/. a., provided with esta- 
fettes ; in quot. app. taken as ‘ provided with ar- 
rangements for posting *. 

3837 Patcrave Merch. & Friar (1844) 18 The best esta- 
fette road, the road to Rome. 

Estait, Sc. form of Estate. 

+ Evstal, sd. Obs. rare—'. [a. OF. estal (mod. 
Fr. éal), corresp. to Pr. estal, OSp. estalo, It. 
stallo, ad. OHG, stal. Cf. Srauu.] A place, post. 

1480 Caxton Ovid’s Met. xi. ii, None .. durst hold, 
ayenst the noble Hector, ony estal. 

+ Estale, v. Ods. In 5 astale. [ad. OF. es- 
taler (mod.Fr. éaler) to display.] trans. To be- 
spread, to hang (with drapery). 

©1440 Gaw. & Gol. v, Syne hynt to ane hie hall, That was 
astalit with pall. 

+ Estacll, v. OJs. Also Srauu. [app. ad. OF. 
estaler to place, fix; cf. INstanu.] ¢rans. To ar- 
range the payment of (a debt, sum of money) by 
instalments. Hence Esta‘lment (see quot. ; also 
STALLMENT). 

1577-87 Ho insHED Chron. III. 1142/2 That debt is es- 
talled, and is according to that estallment trulie answered. 
1643 Sc. Acts (1814) VI. 38/1 Some wther way how satis- 
factioune .. may be made... by estalment at four equall 
payments. 1738 Hist. Crt. Excheg. v. 100 An Estallment, 
which is an Assizing or Establishing the Times of Pay- 
ments of such Debtors. 

Estamin (e'stamin). Also 8 estemine, esta- 
mina. See also ETAMINE. [a. Fr. estamztne (now 
étamine), cortesp. to Sp. estamefia, Pg. estamenha, 
It. stamigna:—late L. *staminia, L. staminea, fem. 
of stdmineus made of thread, f. stdmen warp, 
thread. The form estamzna is perh. a. Sp.] 

An open woollen fabric, used for making sieves, 
etc. ; see quot. 1883. In 18th c. also applied to 
some silk fabric, presumably of similar texture. 

1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3701/4 All sorts of Mercery Goods, 
viz... Estemines, Russels. Rashes .. Antharines .. will be 
sold by Auction. 1750 Beawses Lex Mercat. (1752) 693 
Woollens, such as Estaminas, Druggets, Serges, F'lannels, 
Crapes. /éid. 704 From England ..Estaminas wide and 
well calendered, brown and green. J/ééd. 706 Silk Esta- 
minas from Italy. 1883 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Estamin, 
a woollen stuff made in Prussia, used for cartridges, sack- 
cloth, plush caps, etc. ; E 

ll Estaminet (gstamzne). [Fr. estaménet, Wall. 
staminet, of unknown etym., by some connected 
with OFr. estamzine: see prec.) A café in which 
smoking is allowed. Also aétrid. 

1848 THackeray Van. Fair \xiv, Frequenters of billiard- 
rooms and estaminets. 1867 Dixon New Amer. II. v. 42 
The rascal would .. play his game of dominoes at the esta- 
minet door. 1883 Padd Mall G. 13 July 4/1 The few build- 
ings that .. form a scattering suburb—estaminets, chiefly. 

+Esta‘mp, v. Ods.  [ad. Fr. estamp-er to 
Sramp.] rans. To stamp; to pound. Hence 
Esta‘mped ///. a., pounded. 

1648-60 Hexnam Dutch Dict., Gestampte spizse, estamped 
meate. 1658 Br. Reynotps Lora’s Supp. vi, The very pre- 
sence of a dying man estamps on the minde an affection of 
fear and aw. 

Estampede (esteemp7'd), sd. rare. See Sram- 
PEDE. [ad. Sp. estampido a sudden crash, report 
of a gun.] A sudden fright seizing upon large 
bodies of cattle and horses, causing them to run 
wildly to great distances ; hence, any sudden rush 
caused by panic. 

So Estampe‘de v. frans., to frighten (cattle, 
etc.) away; to drive off. || Estampedero [Sp. 
estampidero], an animal under the influence of 
stampede; a runaway. Estampe-do v. [f. Sp. 
estampido sb.: cf, SraMPEDO], zzztr. (of cattle, etc.) 
to rush off in a panic. 

1843 Marryat 1. Violet xx, Oxen.. have been known, 
when under the influence of the estampede .. to run forty 
miles without ever stopping. /ézd. xxvi, Pawnee hunters 
had had their horses estampeded one night, by some hostile 
Indians. Jbid. xx, We.. then watched the singular and 
ridiculous mo of this pedero. /bid. xxix, The 
animals had estampedoed the whole distance at the utmost 
of their speed. : 

|| Estancia (esta‘nsia, in Sp. -pz%). [Sp. estan- 
cia, lit. station = OF. estance, med.L. stantia, f. 
stdreto stand.] A cattle-farm in Spanish America. 

1704 Collect. Voy..(Churchill) III. 19/2 These they call 
Estancia’s. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1873) 64 Every 
estancia or farming estate has a corral attached to it. 

|| Estanciero (¢stanpz)¢'r0). [Sp., f. estancia : 
see prec.] The keeper of an estancia;.a cattle- 
farmer (in Spanish America). ; 

1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. viii. (1873) 149 An estanciero told 


ESTATE. 


me. 1890 G. Stases in Boy’s Own Paper 1 Feb. 278/1 
We were old estancieros. 

+ Estandard, obs. var. of Sranparp [a. OF. 
estandart], : 

1586 Ferner Blaz. Gentrie 1. Lacies Nobit. 24 The Asirian 
Emperours, did beare in their estandarde the Eagle. 1656- 
81 Biount Glossogr., Standard or Estandard .. the prin- 
cipal or standing measure of the king, to the scantling 
whereof, all the measures throughout the Land are, or 
ought to be framed. 1676-1706 in Puituirs. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey. 

tEstang. Os. Also 7 estangue. [a. OF. 
estang (mod. F. étang).] A pool, fishpond. 

1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 53a, Tenant of a warren, park, es- 
tangues and the like. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. (1738) I. 
395 The bath is not above two flight-shots distant from the 
estang. F 

T Estantion. [app. a confusion of Sp. estacion 
(Station) and Esrancra.] A cattle-farm. Also 
attrib. (The quots. relate to Central America 
and Mexico.) 

1697 Dampier Voy. I. vi. 157 Where we went ashore to 
a Beef Estantion or Farm, /é¢d. ix. 250 The Carrier before- 
mentioned was lying at the Estantion-house. 1699 L. WAFER 
Voy. (2729) 312 Estantions or farm-houses for the managing 
their cattle. 1707 Funnect Voy. (1729) 58 The Main here 
is full of Cocoa walks with Estantions or arms of Beeves. 
t+ Esta'p. Ods. rare. [ad. OFr. estape, estappe 
(mod.F. age), estaple market (see STaPLé 2), night- 
quarters for troops on the march, where rations 
were supplied.] A day’s rations for troops; in 
quot. attrib. Also By estap: by fixed stages of 
march. 

1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake 1. xvii. 196 Our Estap Allow- 
ance was to each Man, three Pounds of Bread, etc. /bid. 
II. ii, 12 We..continued our March by Estap to Abbeville. 

|| Estasple. Oés. [OF. estagle: see prec. and 
SrapLe.] A market. staple of Calats: the 
market held there for the sale of English wool. 

1550 J. Coxe Eng. §& Fr. Herald. (1877) 115 The ryght 
worshypful company of marchauntes adventurers, and the 
famous felyshyp of the Estaple of Calais. 

Estate (éstéit), sb. Forms: 3 aestat, 4-6 
astat(e, 4-5 estat, (4 astaat(e, -tait, estaat(e, 6 
esstat, estatt, 6-7 Sc. estaite, -tte), 4— estate; 
f/. 3 astaz, aestaz. Cf. AsTare and Srate. [a. 
OF. estat (= Pr. estat, Sp. and Pg. estado, It. 
stato), ad. L. status STATE, f. std-re to stand.] 

1. State or condition in general, whether material 
or moral, bodily or mental. In ME. occas.: Con- 
stitution, nature. avch.; now almost exclusively 
in Biblical phrases. 

¢ 1230 Hali Meid. 13 pis mihte. .i bis deadlich lif scheawed 
in hire estat of pe blisse undeadlich. ¢1340 Cursor AL. 1587 
(Trin.) Pat god not my3t Brynge mon .. Into be astate hat 
he had tynt. ¢1374 Cuaucer Soeth. v. vi. 171 Lat vs loken 
now as we mowen whiche bat pe estat is of be deuyne sub- 
stance. 1395 £. £. Wills (1882) 4 In hool estat of my body. 
1486 Bk. St. Albans Cja, Sum put hawkys in mew at high 
estate. /did. Ciija, Ye se yowre hawke may not endew 
her meete nor remounte her astate. 1490 Caxton Lxeydos 
xiv. 50 Alle the werkes are taryed and lefte in the astate of 
inperfection. 1519 /utert. Four Elements in Hazl. Dods- 
fey I. 11 Each element I reduce to his first estate. 1549 
‘Tuomas (¢7¢/e), The History of Italye. . because it intreateth 
of the astate of many and divers commonweales. 1563 
Suute Archit. Diva, In Italie are these pillers founde 
standing in good estate. 1605 Lond. Prodigal 1. i. 224, 
I hope he died in good estate. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World 
v. i. § 10. 574 He arrives in safety at Carthage, and makes 
them know the estate of Lilybeum. 1624-47 Br. Hatt 
Rem. Wks. (1660) 2 A Physician..enquiring of her estate. 
1630 Ear Dorcuester in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 268. III. 262 
The Queene ..is in good estate. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer 
(Pickering 1844) 56 We pray for the good estate of the Catho- 
lick Church. 1676 Grew Axat, Plants, Lect. ii. (1682) 241 
There is some kind of Alkaline Salt in Plants even in their 
natural estate. 1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 154 The savages 
of North America were sunk into the lowest estate of 
filth, 1844 KincLake Zdthen xxvi. (1878) 341 Their second 
estate would be worse than their first. 1868 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. (1876) I. ix. 4o2 The wall, in its first estate, 
seems to have been merely a dyke of earth and rough 
stones, 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-c. 219, I am forty- 
three years old; In prime of life, perfection of estate. 

b. A special state or condition ; a condition of 
existence. Also /z estate = in existence. Ods. 
exc. in Man’s, woman’s estate = manhood, woman- 
hood, and (arch.) in The (holy) estate of matri- 


mony. 

a1225 Ancr. R. 178 Sik mon haued two swude dredfule 
aestaz: bet on is hwon he ne iveled nout his owune sick- 
nesse. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 125 Prol., Fforgetyn hadde 
the erthe ts pore estat O wyntyr. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 
374/1 She was in the estate of vyrgynyte, in estate of mary- 
age, in estate of wydowhede. 15.. Adam Bel § Clym of 
Clough 665 in Ritson Anc. Pop. Poetry 30 When he com- 
meth to mannes estate. 154 R. CopLanp Galyen’s Terap. 
2 Cj, The fyrste .: doth away the dysease that is present. 
And the other wtstandeth the dysease that is nat yet in 
estate. 1, Hooker Eccé. Pol. 1. xv, In regard of a future 
estate hereafter necessary to be knowne. 1744 E. Heywoop 
Female Spect. (1748) II. 23 A gentleman in the western 
parts of England had two daughters at marriage estate. 

+c. Jn estate [=Fr. en état (de)]: ina position, 

able (¢o do something). Ods. rare. 

1651 Hist. Don Fenise 40 She took Felix by the hand, and 
put him in estate to come to the point of his desires. 

+d. Good or normal condition. Jn -his estate: 
just as he was. Out of estate: ‘out of condition’. 
; 88-2 


ESTATE, 


e1qg00 Rom. Rose 4675 Thou Art so anguisshous and 
mate, Disfigured oute of astate. 1447-8 SHiLLincrorp Let?. 
(Camd. Soc.) 37 Semmens 7a’ tis satete syeate the fire. 
1460 Towneley Myst. 104 My belly farys not it is 
out of astate. 1§78 Lyte Dodoens 1. Ixi. 88 The not 
lightly perishe or vade, but may be kept a long time in 
their estate, colour. 1587 FLeminc Contn. Holinshed. 
III. 1351/2, I found the good prince laid in his estate. 


+e. ?State of privilege or advantage. Obs. 

1628 Witner Brit. Rememb. ii. 119 Knew I not the 
Christian Man's estate Extended further than to contem- 
plate. 1633 G. Herpert Temple 54 Mans whole estate 
Amounts (and richly) to serve thee. ; 

+f. An account of the state or condition of 
anything ; a ‘statement’ of particulars. Ods. 

1474 Househ. Ord. 22 For the contentement of his house- 
hold royal and creditors thereof, as is -d before in 
the estate of this seyd court for the _ xiii M°l [é.e. 
13,0002.}, Paston Lett. No. 880 III. 311 The seid 
John requerith an astate to be takyn in those londys 5 ong 
to William the sone for deffaut off issue off Clement Paston. 
1g02 ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 285 The sayd Cardinal hath 
yow bounde aparte to make him a sure astate of alle the 
said landes, by Ester next comyng. 

2. Condition with respect to worldly prosperity, 
fortune, etc. Cf. 12. arch. 

1300 Cursor M. 17321 (Cott.) Do hym by kept in pre- 
soners estate Till yt be past our sabate. c1386 CHAUCER 
Kut.’s T. 68 Noon estat [v.. astate, estaat, estate] assureth 
to be weel. 21370 Robt. Cicyle 54 Hym to brynge to lowar 
estate. a1400 Cov. Myst, 61 A ryght pore man. Ot symeyi 
astat in clothis rent. 1447 BokENHAM Seyntys (Roxb.) 9 In 
poure astate and in low degre. a1§35 More De guat. 
Noviss. Wks. 86/1 Yet thou wouldest not greatly enuy his 
estate, if thou thoughteste, etc, 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer 
(Pickering 1844) 56 Any ways afflicted or distressed in mind, 
body, or estate. 1672 tr. Frejus’ Voy. Mauritania 7 Made 
a slave .. and detained in that estate till our arrival. 1 
Kesie Lyra /nnoc, (1873) 192 From ox and ass that wait 
Here on His poor estate. a 1862 Buckie Civiliz. (1869) 
III. i. 1 One of the greatest nations of the earth, was 
broken, and cast down from its high estate. 

+b. ? Means, ability, opportunity. In phrase, 
After (one's) estate. Obs. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. 11. 409 Pei shulen lyve as be world 
axip and take gladnesse of be world aftir her astaat. c 1430 
Syr Tryam. 469 Every man lovyd hym aftur ther estate. 
¢ 1510 Virgilius in Thoms Prose Rom, 21 Remus toke with 
hym manye folke after his estate, 1345 Brinktow Lament. 
(1874) 88 Thou must be diligent daylye to helpe thyne 
neyghbour acordinge to thyne estate. 

3 Status, standing, position in the world ; degree 
of rank ; esp. exalted rank or dignity. Also in phr. 
man, etc. of estate. arch, 

a1225 Ancr. R. 160 Ant te eadie Johan in onliche stude, 
per ase he was, peos reo astaz of-earnede him one. ¢ 1340 
Cursor M. 6949 (Trin.) His fadris astate he [eliazar] bere 
Til Iosue we speke of here. c 1368 Cuaucer Compl. Pite 
41 Wisdome, estaat, drede and gouernaunce. 1413 Lypc. 
Pilgr. Sowle w. xxix. (1859) 61 Of this statua or ymage it 
is, that men of hyhe power ben cleped men of estate. 1432 
Paston Lett. No. 18 I. 34 Suche persones as for .. their 
estate, owe of reson to be suffred to speke with the king. 
c1450 Bk. Curtasye 276 in Babees Bk., 3e be bothe of on astate. 
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 201/3, I had the estate of a clerke 
in the chyrche. ¢ 1500 Lancelot 543 So cam ther in an agit 
knyght, and hee Of gret esstat semyt for to bee. 153 
Exyot Gov. 1. i, All the inhabitantes of a realme .. of what 
astate or condition so euer they be. 1596 SHaxs. Merch. 
Ven. 11. ix. 41 O, that estates, degrees, and offices, Were not 
deriu’d corruptly. 1611 Biste 7rans/. Pref 1 If any man 
conceit, that Princes are priuiledged by their high estate, 
he is deceiued. 

+b. A definite position in life ; an occupation. 
Obs. rare. [A usual sense of Fr. é¢at.] 

1685 Petry Will p. xi, Those who have been bred to no 

calling nor estate. 
te. ellipt. = person or persons of estate. Obs. 
(Cf. similar use of dignity.) 

1399 Lanci. Rich. Redeles Prol. 82 Pe story is of non 
estate bat stryuen with her lustus. a 1483 Liber Niger in 
Househ, Ord, 32 Knyghts or other warikystall astate for 
the towell. 1509 Fisher Wks. 144 The crummes that fall 
vnder the bordes of lordes or grete estates. 
Dyaloge (1863) 9 Bothe comones and estates none excepte. 
1611 Biste Mark vi. 21 Herod..made a aupoee to his lords, 
high captaines, and chiefe estates of Galilee. 1634 R. H. 
Salerne Regim. 88 Let them [eels] be drest with 
+ -as great Estates Cookes are wont to doe. 

+4. Outward display of one’s condition; grandeur, 


pomp, Stare. Ods. exc. arch. ( poet.) 
ch Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 1034 Dido, This frosche lady. " 
Stod in the temple in hire estat ryal. c¢ 1386 — Sgr.’s 7. 18 
And kepte alwey so wel roial estat. 1393 Gower Con/. III, 
299 He. .cast about his eye, And sigh the lordes in estate. 
@ 1483 Liber Niger in Househ, Ord. 19 In the festyvall dayes 
or when astate should be shewed. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of 
Aymon xxiii. 495 Soo shall I gyve theym landes _ hy 
for to a theyr astate. 1870 Morris Zarthly Par, 
I. 1. 384 Thou. .by my side shalt sit in such estate That, etc. 
+b. Retinue. Ods, 

¢1s00 Melusine 50 Honourably might a kinge with alle 
his estate haue be ed therat. 

c. Cap of estate (Her.); see Cap sbhl 4f (c), 
+ Chair, cloth, cup, horse, place, robe, throne, etc. 
of estate = chair, etc, of STaTE. Obs. 

1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. xciv, In a cheire of estate besyde.. 
There sawe I sitt the blynde god Cupide. 1555 Fardle 
Facions 1. v. 56 (The Kin t on some robe of estate, 
1579 Gosson Sch, Abuse (ar )33 He ., gaue him wine to 


drink in cups of estate, 1586 Martowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. 


alendine 


1530 Proper | 


of id 3 rs 
246 Covered overhead 

Ocitsy King’s Coronation (1685) 2 The Duke of Albemarle, 
Master of Fromse,.on, Eigrnehack, inating 0 Horse of 
Estate. 1844 Disraewt Conii 1. iv, There he stood .. 
yeah allt on Og arate 
‘op. xxiv. 413 Ensigned a cap of estate of very large 
dimensions. 


+d. el/ipt. A canopy, chair, dais, fold of ‘state’. 
To lay, make (an) estate; to make a fold of the 
cloth, in token of respect, opposite the king's seat. 
c1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture i ay Babees Bk., Le 
estate with the vpper part [of the ] be brede of half 
fote is greable. 1494 How. i 
an estate with his rodd; & then goeing before the kinge 
doeing his reverence, & soe make fan 
other side of the king. 1523 Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 
268 And laye estat with t! e halfe a fote brode. 
+587 Fieminc Contn. Holinshed U1. 1490/1 My lord before 
the estate of his majestie knighted a Dutch gentleman, 
called Sir Martin Shinke. 1603 Drayton Bar. Wars v1. 
Iv, The Queen .. sat under an Estate of Lawne. 
Journ. Earl Nottingh. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) 1. 560 The 
two virgins near her, and the other six upon the degrees at 
the foot of the estate. x Torset. Four-f. Beasts (1673) 
128 Princes. .sitting upon their estate. 

+5. A class, order, rank in a community or 
nation. A// estates: all sorts of people. Ods. 

1530 Patscr. Introd. 1 Unto the nobilite.. and .. unto all 
other estates of this my natyfe countrey. 1577 Nortu- 
BROOKE Dicing (1843) 36 Vice raigneth too, too much 
amongst al estates and degrees. 1590 RecorbE, etc. Gr. 
Artes (1646) 183 This Rule ts .. profitable for all estates of 
men. 


| tendernesse of heart..to all Estates. 160r HoLLanp Pliny 


| a rey 


I. 126 A fit estate there is besides in great request, and 
paney of Philosophers and Religious. 1643 Mitton Divorce 
Introd. (1851) 3 Filling each estate of life and profession, 
with abject and servil principles. 

6. An order or class regarded as part of the body 
politic, and as such participating in the govern- 
ment either directly or through its representatives. 

The number of ‘estates’ in most of the nations of Christen- 
dom has usually been three (exceptionally four, as in Sweden 
and Aragon), but the specific enumeration has varied con- 
siderably. In England the ‘estates’ as represented in 
Parliament were originally 1. Clergy; 2. Barons and 
Knights; 3. Commons; after various fluctuations, the final 
arrangement was 1. Lords Spiritual; 2. Lords Temporal ; 
3. Commons. In France the three estates were 1. Clergy; 
2. Nobles; 3. Townsmen. The Scottish estates were at 
first 1. Prelates; 2. Tenants in Chief; 3. Townsmen; after 
1428 they were 1. Lords, lay and clerical; 2. Commissioners 
of Shires ; 3. Burgesses. Fora full account of the matter 
see Stubbs Const. Hist. xv. 

Third Estate was formerly common (now much less so) 
as a designation of the English ‘commons’ or (transl. Fr, 
tiers état) the French bourgeoisie before the Revolution. 
The other two ‘estates’ are seldom spoken of numerically. 

[c 1380 Wycur Sed, Wks, IIL. 184 Per ben in Chirche 
pre states pat God habe ordeyned, state of prestis and state 
of kny3tis, and pe pridd is staat of comunys.] 1425 Sc. 
Acts Jas. [ (1597) 7 It is ordaned be the King, be consent 
and deliuerance of the three Estaites, that, etc. c 1460 
Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 73 The Gabell of the 
Salte, and the Quaterymes of the Wynys, war granted to 
the Kyng, by the three Estats of Fraunce. af Caxton 
Faytes of A.1. v, 10 He shal assemble to counseil the 
foure estates of his contree. 1494 FAsyan vil. 500 The 
thre astates of his realme, that is to meane the spiritualtie, 
the lordes and nobles, and the hedes or rulers of cyties. 
1547 J. Harrison E-xrhort. Scottes F iij b, This was done in 
Parliamente, by consente of the thre estates. 16.. Pro- 
clam, Fas. lin Examiner 5 Oct. (1812) 626/2 A sufficient 
and well composed House, such as may be worthy to be 

presentative of a third estate of our kingdom. 1681 
Nevite Plato Rediv, 98 Which Deputies are now called 
the third Estate. T. Hutcuinson Hist. Col. Mass. 
iv. 419 Any step towards forming themselves into a church 
estate, 1 ro Girrorp Reign Louis XVI, 350 The in- 
structions of the clergy coincided with those of the nobility 
and Third Estate. 1 Hatiam Const, Hist. (1876) I. it. 
73 The fall of the mitred abbots changed the proportions of 
the two estates which constitute the — house of parlia- 
ment. 1850 GLapstone Géean. (1879) V. xx. 185 The con- 
cessions of the spiritual estate o! the realm. trs Stusss 
Const. Hist. 11, xv. 184 It was not by any means clear, at the 
end of the reign of Edward I, that they [the smaller land- 
owners] might not furnish a fourth estate of Parliament. 

b, f/. An assembly of the governing classes or 
their representatives. Zstates-general (in France) : 
see States-general. 

1603 Knottes Hist. Turks ay oy The Estates of the 
united Provinces .. resolved to e a league with the 
Turke. 1628 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. u. (1688) 225 ‘The 
Estates camp at Rimenant. 1684 Scand Rediv. iii. 44 
The Estates being Assembled in the Cast! Warsaw, 
1827 Scorr Nafoleon Introd. , The Estates-General of France 
met at Versailles on the 5th May, 1789. 1845 S. Austin 
Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1. 359 The em could come to no 
agreement with the Estates, 1! TuBBs Const, Hist. 11. 
xv, 163 An assembly of Estates is an i * 
made by representation or otherwise, of the several orders, 
states or conditions of men who are recognised as possess- 
in pe power, 

‘ . The (Three) Estates of the Realm (see 6) 
has often been misused to denote the three 
whose concurrence is necessary for legislation, viz. 
the Crown, the House of Lords, and the House 
of Commons, 

Pe fe Soto Sone 1559) ee word in sense 8, as 
¢ argues t three forms of government, monarchy, 
ari y, and d y, ore guled ta toe Bate aa, 


v. ii, Mount up your royal of estate, Hakvuyt 
Voy. 11. 62 His imperiall throne of estate. 1632 Lrrucow 
Trav. 1. 140 Who inthronized himself, in the Persian Chair 


stitution. 
1559 Br. J. Avumer Hard. Faithf. Subjects H iij, In the 
slams bon ++ you shal find these 3 estats. ih King 


three, 
; (Cobbett] is a kind of fourth estate in the ics 
1594 Suaxs. Rich. //7, m1. vii. 213 We know your | 


(1859) I. 282/1 The ki 
and the en tig oF fs 


_ b. The Fourth Estate: (a.) formerly in various 
jocular poi cg sec (see quots.) ; (4.) now appro- 


to 
We have failed to of Carlyle’s state- 
ment (quot. 1841) attributing to Burke the use of this 


in the application now t. rey oma 
$ Queries (1st Ser. XI, 452) states that he B ham 
the House of 0 im 1803 or 3804, nad that 
was at that time treated as origi 
1752 Fiecpinc Covent. len Frnt. 13 June No. 47 Wks. 
writers .. 


(1806) X. 80 None of our political ¢ notice of 
and 


country. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. v1. v, A Fourth Estate, 
of Able Editors, springs up. 1841 — Hero-worship, Lect. 
v, Burke said there were three Estates in Parliament, but in 
the Reporters’ Gallery. .there sat a fourth ¢ more im- 
portant far than they all. 1854 Knicut Once a Time I. 
20 Hackney-chairmen .. ged to what Fielding termed 
‘ The Fourth Estate’. That dignity is now assi to the 
Press. 1870 Sir H. Lytron Butwer Life Palmerston 11. 
1x. 119 note, At that period the ‘ Times’ constituted a fourth 
estate of the realm. 1885 Harfer’s Mag. Mar. 647/1 A 
power which calls itself the Fourth Estate of the realm. 

+8. Political constitution, form of government. 
(Cf. état 8 in Littré.] Ods. 

1559 [see 7]. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 76 The 
whole estate of that great empire .. was almost utterly sub- 
verted. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World 1. 493 nes 
governed Sparta ; after whom the Estate changed, accord- 
ing to Eusebius. [Often in Raleigh.] 1670 Mitton Hist. 
~*~ v. (1851) 190 When God hath decreed servitude on a 
sinful Nation, fitted by their own vices for no condition 
ete Na all Estates of Government are alike unable to 
avoid it. 

+ 9. Administration of government ;~in phrases, 
Affairs, etc. of estate, Secretary of Estate. Obs. 

ow STATE. 

1599 Haxiuyt Voy. II. 175 Our Secretarie of estate. 1605 
Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. 9 Such Popes .. proceed vpon 
truer principles of Estate than those which haue ascended 
to the Papacie from an education and breeding in affaires 
of Estate, Relig. Wotton. 360 The Cavalier Vieta, 
his _principall of Estate. Everarp Prot. 
Princes Europe 26 That which .. did upon this 
Error of Estate to the Imperial House of Austria. 

+10. A body politic, a kingdom or common- 
wealth ; = SraTe. Ods. 

le and 


1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. 1. vii. 33 Then should 


Estates be when either gs were Phil ers, or 
Philosophers Ss Beawes Lex Mercat. 0 2) 7 
The merchants w! ed in the interior parts thee 
estates. 


1l. Law. The interest which any one has in lands, 
tenements, or any other effects; often with quali- 
fying words or phrases, as an estafe upon condi- 
tion, in fee, for life, of inheritance, tail, year 
to year, at will, etc. Real estate, an interest in 
landed property; Personal estate, an interest in 
movables; but the phrases are often as 


: : regarded 
signifying the respective kinds of property. See 
also Fx, TAIL, etc. 


E. E. Wills (1882) 119 They that haue. .estate in my 
tantl ho the enacemncdl tikaan last will. ¢1462 Paston 
Lett, No. 461 11, 114 Your seid had non astate in 
the seid maners. 15923 W. West Symbol. Biiij § 39 Ax 
Estate ,.is that and power whereby we haue the 

ie or ow y gery 4 Wills (1850) 

Butts Bacon, whom I haue intrusted with 
the house or cottage in which the said Norton 
1756 W. Totvervy 7wo Orphans IV. 265 
The gentleman at the Abbey, who has left you his 
real estate, 1793 SMEATON 1 ee ZL. $75 Her estate in 
the Lighthouse was only for 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 
ah pt Ae ye wh he i ‘an cy mary 9 
out ¢ fee sim) OLSON in ‘etrop. 829/1 
{An estate from year to year may atlee .. from koet ptoeees 
letting heretofore held to constitute an estate at 1876 
Dicsy Real Prof. i. 43 The tenant is conceived as having 
only an estate in the lands—an interest which,.was some- 
thing short of absolute 


+b. Zo make an estate of (a thing) to (a person) : 
bo give sn detest Bi ai ant sigs © eto. Obs. 
1415 EZ. E. Wills (1882) 25, le that my feoffes mak 
estat to.. my sone, of Thattely and Farley, 1g20 Sir R. 
Exyor Will in Elyot’s Gov. (1883) I. App. 314 To make 
astate in fee to two other discrete 1588 Wills § 
Inv. N.C. (1860) 11. 256 note, I haue made an 
estatt unto Robert Sel -,of my tenement or burgage: 
162x Botton Stat. Jrel. 400 (Act Bilis) Tees id 
Salt lak” otal Been Wiens Cael ear 30 
jer » &@ ACON ax, ses . 
Where a man maketh an estate of hia lead eg others, by 
fine, feofment, or recovery, 


ESTATE. 


12. Property, possessions, fortune, capital. Cf. 2. 
arch, in gen. sense. 

1563 Homilies u. Agst. Wilful Rebell. 1. (1859) 565 
Hazarding the whole estate of our Socntry. 1596 Gans. 
Merch. V.1. i. 43 Nor is my whole estate Vpon the fortune 
of this present yeere. 1627-77 Feituam Resolves 1. xxxi. 
54 What do we, but like foolish merchants, venture all our 
estate ina bottom? 1 Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 90 The 
marchands. .have .. little or no extent of ground to employ 
their estates in. c1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Mem. Col. 
Hutchinson 14 The large estate he on by his happy 
industry. 1690 Locke Govt. 1. iv. § 42 "I'would always be a 
Sin in any Man of Estate, to let his Brother perish. 1697 
Porrer Axntig. Greece ut. xviii. (1715) 142 It was frequent 
for Men of Estates to rig out Ships at their own Expence. 
1730 Younc £Zf. to Pofe 1. (R.), One loses his estate, and 
down he sits, To show (in vain) he still retains his wits. 
1762 J. Brown Poetry §& Mus. viii. (1763) 161 The Bards 
had estates settled on them, that they might be free from 
worldly Cares. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. 
(Bohn) I. 38x France served him with life, and limb, and 
estate, 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 308 The greatest 
estates in the kingdom then very little exceeded twenty 
thousand a year. _ Ouwa Friendship I, vii. 70 They 
were very poor and of no great estate. 

b. Accounts. The collective assets and liabili- 
ties of a person (esp. of a deceased person, a 
bankrupt, a cested gue trust) viewed as an entity 
capable of owing or being entitled to money, of 
being solvent or insolvent. Phrase, Zo wind up 
an estate. (By accountants often used in some- 
what wider sense: The ‘affairs’ of aclient so far 
as the accountant is concerned with them.) 

Possibly this sense may be historically connected with 1 f, 
a ‘ledger account’ being spoken of in book-keeping as a 
creditor or debtor; but evidence is wanting. 

1830 MeCuttocn Princ. Pol. Economy (ed. 2) 268 The bank- 
rupt is entitled to a reasonable allowance out of his effects 
.. If his estate pay ros. in the pound, he is to be allowed 5 
percent. Mod. Newspaper It takes 10°/, of the assets of 
a fifty-pound estate to pay for the Board of Trade stamps. 

13. A landed property ; usually, one of consider- 
able extent. (Now the commonest sense.) 

I 2tr. ¥uan & Ulloa’s Voy, (ed. 3) 1. v1. 311 When the 
wind blows from that quarter the presiher is so sharp, that 
the rich families. .retire to their estates, situated in a warmer 
air. 1772 Ann, Reg.177/2 Her Ladyship had 10,000/. left her 
by her father, and an estate of 7ooo/. per annum. 1784 
Cowrer Task u1. 755 Estates are landscapes, gazed upon 
awhile, Then advertised, and auctioneered away. 1794 
Mrs. RavcurFe Myst. Udolpho i, And retired to a small 
estate in Gascony. 1847 James ¥. Marston Hall x, He 
intended to send some one to his estates in Brittany. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 151 The public charges can no 
longer be borne by the estates of the crown. 1855 TENNYSON 
Maud 1, 1. v, Lord of the broad estate and the Hall, 

Estate (éstz't), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. To put (a person) into an estate; to 
give (a person) an estate or possession, or a secured 
position, 77 (a thing) ; to endow wth (possessions). 
Rare in mod. use. 

1609 G. BENson Sernz. 26 Salomons outlandish women.. 
so much estated themselves in the bosom of the king, that 
they drew him and his people to idolatry, 1611 DEKKER 
Roaring Girle Wks. 1873 111. 225 Estate him In those 
sage seg which your loue and care Once pointed out for 

im. 1639 J. Mayne City-Match vy. v, I have estated her 
in all I have. 1670 Watton Lives 1. 22, [I] will quit my 
Benefice, and estate you in it. 1823 Lams Let. to Southey 
xiii, 125 In what possession has not this last name alone 
estated me. 1859 TeNNyson Lancelot & Elaine 1312 Then 
would I ., Estate them with large land and territory. 1887 
Sat. Rev. 24 Sept. 413 His country seat atWootton, wherein 
Mr, Zabriskie surely estated Rousseau somewhat at 
the cost of one Mr. Davenport. 

+2. To furnish with an estate or property, /7t, 
and fig. Obs. See also Estaren Jf/. a. 

1625 Donne Sern. cl. VI. 63 And in the Resurrection [we 
are] Estated and put in possession of his Kingdom. 1625 
FLETCHER Fair Maid Inn u1. i, This puppy being left well 
estated, comes to Florence. 31646 Buck Rich. ///, ul. 55 
Cruell Lords estated onely by their unjust Armes. 1653 Br. 
Hatt Christ Mysticall § 2.6 Our faith .. must shew us., 
how royally we are allied, how gloriously estated. 

+ 3. To bestow or settle as an estate ov or upon 
(also rarely unéo) a person. Also, Zo estate out; 
to let out. Ods. 

1590 Suaks. Mids. N, 1. i. 98 And all my right of her, I do 
estate vnto Demetrius, 1622-62 HreyLyn Cosmogr. 11, (1682) 
88 There was nothing left of the ancient Saxony to be 
estated upon Bernard of Anhalt. /dd. 1. (1673) 211/1 The 
whole Land being also his, he estates it out de no term 
certain. a@1669 Br. Kine Poems 11, xv, (1843) 109 Till he 
estate his vertue on his son. 

+4. To put into a certain state or condition, 
Sometimes with allusion to sense 1. Ods. 

1605 Heywoop [/you know not me Wks. 1874 I. 238 Con- 
vert her foes; estate herin true peace. @ 1626 Bp, ANDREWES 
Serm. (1641) 389, Hee liveth .. to estate us in this life in the 
hope of a reversion. 1640 FULLER Joseph's Coat (1867) 66 


By faith and rep we are first in 's favour. 
1jox Bevertey Glory of Grace 16 It cannot be suppos’d 
such High Angelical Beings .. should be so Estated in him 


and by him, under an Ignorance of him, 

Estated (éstéi-téd), ppl. a. [f. Estate sé, and 
v.+-ED.] Furnished wit! 
‘means’ or property; in later use, esp. of landed 
property, 

1607 TorsELt Serpents To Rdr., Because we were not so 


throughly estated, as to maintain a sufficient Scholar to 
attend only upon the Presse, 1615 Manwoop Lawes Forest 


an estate, possessed of 


301 


xx, § 8 173 A Pourallee man that may keepe greyhounds 
must be a man estated according to this law of 1 Iac. 1729 
Swirt Let, to Dublin Weekly Frni., Look upon the poor 
starving in your streets, while the rich and estated men live 
in pomp. 1758 Herald No. 18. 11. 40 The estated and labour- 
ing parts of the people. 1774 Gen. Lee in Burke's Corr. 
(1844) I. 509 Men, from the first estated gentleman to the 
poorest planters. 1861 Maine Anc. Law 299 This system 
was..especially disadvantageous to one class of estated pro- 
rietors. x f2 Hon. Miss Ferrard \. ii. 56 The estated 
eretic who drives his carriage and pair. 

+ Esta‘tely, 2. and adv. Ods. Also 4 estate- 
lich(e, estatly. [f. Estate +-ty! and 2.] 

A. adj. Dignified, majestic, stately. B. adv. 
In a stately manner. 

c1374 CHaucer Troylus v. 823 She sobre was, ek symple, 
and wyse withalle .. Charytable, estateliche, lusty, and fre. 
c 1386 — Monk's T. 722 Julius .. well loved estatly honesté. 
a . (title) A Noble Boke off Cookry ffor a Prynce Houss- 
olde or eny other Estately Houssolde (ed. A. Napier 1882). 
c1430 Lypc. Minx. Poents (1840) 4 Sergeauntes and other 
officeres, Estatly horsed. 

Estatesman (éstéitsmén). [f. Esrare sd. + 
Man; = estate’s man}; cf. beadsman, craftsman, 
etc.] An etymologizing perversion of SraresMAN, 
a Cumberland or Westmoreland yeoman. 

1820 Worpsw. Scex. Lakes (1823) 85 The family of each 
man, whether estatesman or farmer, formerly had a 
two-fold support. /did. 86 The lands of the estatesmen 
being mortgaged..they fall into the hands of wealthy 
purchasers, 

+ Esta‘tute. Ods. [a. OF. estatut (Littre), ad. 
L. statitum: see STATUTE.) = STATUTE, a. A 
law, ordinance. b. A bond, security. 

a. a1514 Act 6 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Pream., Shoting in long 
bowes is the lesse used and diverse good estatutes for refor- 
macion of the same have ben made, 1574 tr. Littleton's 
Tenures 48 b, An ordynaunce that is entred in the auncient 
estatuts. 1587 Harrison England .. iii. (1877) 1.77 Without 
all respect of order or estatutes devised by the founders [of 
colleges]. 1610 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 122 
All Acts and Estatutes made by the Quene’s highnes, [1731 
Baltey cites CHAuCER. ] ; 

b. 1584 Loner Alarum 64 You will seale me an estatute 
for my mony. 

Estcheker, obs. form of ExcHEQUER. 

+ Este, 4. Ods. Forms: 1 ést, 2-3 este 
(Orm. esste), 5 est. [OE. ¢st fem. (:—prehistoric 
*ésti), corresp. to OFris. ést, enst, OS., OHG. 
anst, ON. dst, Goth. ansts:-—OTeut. *ansti-2; 
also late OE. (in sense 3) és¢ masc. (pl. éstas); f. 
root of UNNEN, to grant. Cf. OHG. ust, mod.G. 
g-unst, Sw. ynnest, Da. yndest, f. un- weak grade 
of the same root.] 

1. Good pleasure, favour, grace (esp. of God), 
In OE. also: Bounty, munificence. 

Beowulf 3074 (Gr.) He. .hefde agendes est zr gesceawod. 
a1000 Andreas 1217 (Gr.) Ne moton ofer mine est Pinne 
lichoman lehtrum scyldize deade zedzlan. c1430 SyrTryan. 
1416 As y yow say, be Goddys est! a 1440 S7r Eglam, 904 
Make we mery for Goddys est. 

2. Pleasure, delight, luxury. 

c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke vii. 25 Pa Se synt on deorwurbum 
reafe & on estum [c1160 Hatton esten; Vulg. dediciis). 
31178 Cott. Hom. 241 Mine esten beod wunian mid mannen 
bearnen. ax2q0 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 201 Ne wene 
nomon to stihen wid este to be steorren. a@1240 Sawles 
Warde ibid. 257 Meadful in alles cunnes estes. @ 1250 
Owl & Night. 1504 Thu mi3t mid wlate the este bugge. 

3. Dainty food; also £/. dainties. 

c1000 /Etrric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 152 Dafes, kininga 
wist, «eZ estas. a 1200 Moral Ode 359 Ne scal per ben bred 
ne win.ne oper cunnes este. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 99 
ted dai is cleped estre dai pat is estene da, and te este is 

usel. ¢1z00 ORMIN 7542 & 3iff we wolldenn shunenn a33 
To fillenn uss wibp esstess. a@1250 Owl & Night. 353 Mid 


- este thu the mi3t over-quatie. 


4. In Comd., which did not survive beyond early 
ME.: estdede [see DEED], deed of kindness ; 
e’stful a., dainty, fastidious, luxurious ; hence e’st- 
fulness, daintiness ; e’stlich a. [see -LY1], dainty, 
luxurious; estliche adv. [see -LY?], daintily, 
luxuriously ; e‘stmete = 3. 

c 1250 Gen. & Ex, 2758 And ietro geld it him in *estdede, 
azo00 Ags. Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 218 Dediciosa, *estful. 
a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 108 Estful is beos ancre, ant muchel is bet 
heo bit. cx340 Cursor M. App. i. (Edin. MS.) 23750 Pe 
fleis es ai to flihtis fus, Pe werd estful and couaitus. 
a 1000 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 220 Dexotio, *estfulnes. a 850 
Kentish Gloss. ibid. 84 Delicatz, *estelice. c1z00 Trin. 
Coll. Hom. 179 Pe riche..habbed of here [underlinges] 
swinche..estliche metes and drinkes. c 1000 Andreas 292 
(Gr.) We be *estliche mid us willad ferigan. a122g Ancr. R. 
204 Suwe of 3iuernesse bet is, Glutunie, haued pigges 
pes inemned. To Erliche hette pet on‘ pet oder to Est- 
iche. c1000 JELFric Gram. ix. (Z.) 54 Hac daps, peos sund 
odde *estmete. c12z00 Trix. Coll. Hom. 37 Pe est metes 
and drinkes [he] ut spewed. c1z00 OrmIN 829 Nass nan 
esstemete ber Patt follzhebp gluternesse. 

+Este, a. Obs, Also 3 north. eist. [OE. éste 
(*anstjo-), f. ét: see Este sé.) a. Of persons ; 
Gracious, kind, bountiful, b, Of things: Agree- 
able, pleasant, savoury. 

Beowulf 945 (Gr.) pet hyre eald Metod este were bearn- 
gebyrdo. axzo0o Czdmon's Gen. 1509 (Gr.) Det he him 
ealra wes ara este. a@1250 Owl & Night. 997 That lond 
nis god, ne hit nis este. @ 1300 Cursor MM. 3610 ott.), If pou 
mai bring me any beist Pou graith me ful fair and eist. 
a@1300 Prov. Hendyng xiii, Este bueth oune brondes. 


ESTEEM. 


Esteem (ést7'm), sé. Forms, see the vb. [f. 
next: cf. Fr. estime (perh. the source), Sp., Pg. 
estima, It. stima.] 

+1. a. Estimate, valuation, in phr. Zo make an 
esteem. . Estimated value, valuation. ¢. Zo put, 
set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon: to seta 
value upon, cause to be esteemed (highly, etc. ). 

@ 1528 SkeLton Vox Populi 672 Of the substance of your 
realme .. I wyll make an esteame. 1601 SHaxs. Ad/’s Well 
v. iii. 1 We lost a Iewell of her, and our esteeme Was made 
much poorer by it. 1660 Wesster & RowLey Cure for 
Cuckold u. ii, 1 will deliver you in ready Coin the full and 
dearest esteem of what you crave. 1662 J. Barcrave Pofe 
Alex. V1 (1867) 123 But they put an esteem upon them, 
and I [was] made pay dear for them. 1665 Man ey Gro- 
tius’ Low-C. Warres 677 Here may be a Reason why 
valiant men should set a light esteem thereon. a 1672 
Wirxins Nat. Relig. u. vi. (1693) 363 Every one who will 
act rationally..must proportion his esteem of things, accord- 
ing to the real value of them. a 1680 ButLer Rem. (1759) 
I, 21 The World, that never sets Esteem On what Things 
are, but what they seem. F 

2. Estimation, opinion, judgement. 
arch. 

1588 Suaxs. LZ. LZ. L. ui. 4 Yourself, held precious in the 
worlds esteeme. 1640 FuLLER Joseph's Coat viii. (1867) 185 
The good esteem which foreigners have conceived of the 
piety and learning of the Geneva ministers. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. 1x. 328 Our Foe .. affronts us with his foul esteem 
Of our integritie. 1675 TrAHERNE Chr. Ethics ii. 19 Per- 
fect righteousness is a full and adequate esteem of all the 
value that is in things. 1836 J. Girpert Chr. A tonem. vi. 
(1852) 162 In the Divine esteem, the law was not more ex- 
cellent after than before atonement. 

3. Favourable opinion; regard; respect. x 
(much) esteent; in favour. (obs. or arch.) 

1611 Biste 7rausl. Pref. 1 [It] deserueth certainly much 
respect and esteeme. 1650 BuLWER Anthropomet. Pref., 
A Camoyse Saddle-nose is in esteem. 1697 Drypen 7ineid 
(J.), Who can see, Without esteem for virtuous poverty, 
Severe Fabritius. 1700 — Fables Pref., Both those poets 
lived in much esteem with good and holy men in orders. 
1738-9 W.Richarpson in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 219, I 
am ever, dear Sir, with the highest esteem and respect, 
etc. 1800 Cocan Philos. Treat. Passions i. iii. (1802) 151 
isteem is the commencement of affection. 1823 Lams 

Elia (1867) 43 Whist had engaged her maturer esteem, 1841-4 
Emerson Ess. Self-Reliance Wks. (Bohn) I. 37 They mea- 
sure their esteem of each other by what each has, and not by 
what each is. 1861 Gro. Exior S7/as JZ, 26 He was banished 
for ever from the sight and esteem of Nancy Lammeter. 

+4. Account, worth; reputation; also, Jaz, 
etc. of (great, etc.) esteem. Obs. 

a14so Kut, de la Tour 179, hold them of none extyme. 
1483 Caxton Esofe (E. E. 1. S) 144 Of the which wordes 
the labourer made lytyl extyme. 1591 Suaxs. 1 //ex, V/, 
ut iv. 8 Fiue hundred Prisoners of esteeme. /éid. v. v. 27 
Your Highnesse is betroath’d Vnto another Lady of esteeme. 
1604 RowLanps Looke to it 42 Karth’s delightes shall be of 
no esteeme. 1634 Sir ‘IT. Hersert 7rav. 106 A dreaming 
Oracle, long time of divine A°steam among them. 1642 
Futter Holy and Prof. St, i. iii. 158 Others .. boast of 
their robberies, to usurp the esteem of valour. 1673 TEMPLE 
Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 1. 34 Men... who have 
pass’d through most of the Employments of State, with 
the Esteem of Prudence and Integrity. 1712 Hearne Collect. 
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 311 Whatsoever is of any Esteem with 
Men. 1762 J. Brown Poetry §& Mus. iv. (1763) 44 The 
Profession of Bard or Musician would be held..of high 
Esteem. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. II. go All these were of 
precious esteem, being family reliques. 

Esteem (éstz‘m), v. Forms: 5-6 es-, ex- 
tyme, 5-7 esteme, 6-7 esteeme, (6 sesteme, ex- 
time, exsteme, exteame, 7 esteam, estime, 8 
esteam), 5— esteem. Also 5 affet. stime. [ad. 
OF. estimer (often spelt extimer), ad. L. xstimare, 
of which EstiMaTE is the direct representative. Cf. 
Pr., Sp. and Pg. estimar, It. stimar. 

The regular phonetic representative of L. estimdare in OF. 
was esmer Aimv. For the phonology in Eng. cf. redeem, 
ad. L. vedim-ére; the sound G) under some undefined cir- 
cumstances became in late ME, (@), afterwards passing 
regularly into the modern (?).] 

I. To estimate value; to value. 

+1. trans. To estimate the value of, assign (a value) 
to; to value, assess, appraise. Const.a¢. In later 
use only fig., to assign the degree of merit of. Ods. 

1475 Caxton ¥ason 65b, Ye are in valewe moche more 
thenne I can exteme. @1533 Lp. Berners (10x cxxiii. 440 
The bed that Huon lay on .. no humayne tonge can esteme 
the valewe therof. 1551 Biste Lev, xxvii. 17 Hys land .. 
shalbe worthe accordinge as it is estemed. 158r LamBarprE 
Eiren. w. v. (1588) 496 So of Charters .. their value cannot 
be esteemed. 1611 Sanus. Cymé. 1. iv. 85 What do you 
esteeme it at? 162x ArnswortH Axnot. Pentat. Lev. v. 13 
The priest. .was to esteeme and value all holy things. 171% 
Appison Sect. No. 257 ? 8 No other Being can. .esteem us 
according to our Merits. 1776 Sir J. Reynotps Disc. vii. 
(1876) 422 It is the duty of the connoisseur to know and 
esteem. .every part ofpainting. 

2. To attach value (subjectively) to. 

a. In neutral sense, qualified variously by ad- 
verbs (highly, lightly, little, well, etc.) or phrases : 
To hold in (favourable or unfavourable) esti- 


mation. 

In mod. use highly, little, are merely intensive or the re- 
verse, the verb having the sense b. In the archaic fo esteent 
lightly the original sense remains. 

1532 More Confut. Barnes vu. Wks. 810/2 Suche apos- 
tasye .. is in oure wretched dayes .. little estemed. 1538 
Starkey England 1. i. 22 Hys vertue schold rape Ae other- 
wyse extymyd, 1590 SHaKs. Com. Err. v. i. 4 Mar. How 


Somewhat 


ESTEEM. 


is the man esteem’d heere in the Citie? Gold. Of very re- 
uerent reputation sir. a@x1600 Hooxer (J.), They .. esteem 
highly profound wisdom. 1600 Suaxs. Sonn. xcvi, On the 
finger of a throned ee The basest Jewell wil be well 
esteem’d. 1772 Sir W. Jones £ss. i. (1777) 184 Yet Sadi’s 
poems are hi; d at C inople. 1783 CowPer 
Lett. 12 May, If I can tell no news I can tell you at 
least that I esteem you highhy. 


b. In favourable sense: To regard as valuable ; 
to think highly of; to feel regard for, respect 
(persons or their qualities ; now chiefly with refer- 
ence to moral characteristics). 

1530 Patscr. 540/1 Wene you that men shall estyme you 
for your fayre eyes, 1620 SHELTON Quix. IV. ii. 11 Every 
Man bears with the rich man’s Follies. .have much and thou 
shalt be esteem’d much. a1704 T. Brown Sat. Antients 
Wks. (1730) I. 24 All this does not hinder me from esteeming 
the great men that live now. 1772 Sir W. Jones Zss. 1. 
(1777) 183 Those authors who are generally esteemed in 
Persia. “1815 Jane Austen Zmma 1. viii, If he had never 
esteemed my opinion before, he would have thought highly 
of me then. 1863 Fawcetr Pol. Econ. mt. v. 350 Gold 
and silver have always been sufficiently rare to be esteemed 
for their scarcity. ‘ 

+ @. To think much of, regard as important. Ods. 

1570 Ascuam Scholem. Pref. (Arb.) 23, I .. shall not moch 
zsteme the misliking of any others. 1631 T. May tr. 
Barclays Mirr. Mindes 1. 202 They can also entertaine 
long friendship, and, where they truely loue, esteeme no 
dangers in respect of that sacred league. 

+d. zutr. To have a (more or less favourable) 


opinion of (02). Obs. 

1583 W. Hunnis Seven Sods 5 We little doo esteeme 
thereof. 1585 Abr. SANDYS Sevm. (1841) 315 This were 
a cause sufficient to esteem of marriage highly. 1589 
Srenser Let. to Raleigh Wks. (Globe) 3 Seeing .. nothing 
esteemed of, that is not delightfull and pleasing to com- 
mune sence. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) Pref. 
13 He that light thereof esteems May leave the book un- 
bought. 1648 E. Catamy Pref. to Roberts’ Clavis Bibl. 6 
The Author of it is..well known, and very well esteemed 
on in this famous City. 1 Lassets Voy. /taly 1. 19 
They esteem very much of Chesnuts roasted. 1697 PoTrEeR 
Antiq. Greece Il. Index, Self-murder, how esteem’d of. 

II. ‘Fo estimate generally ; to deem, think. 

+ 3. ¢vans. To estimate; to form or pronounce 
a (usually approximate) judgement respecting the 
number, quantity, or magnitude of (anything). 
Const. at, fo (an amount) ; also s¢mfly. See Esti- 


MATE ¥. 2. Ods. 

©1460 Fortescur Abs. & Lim. Mon, (1714) 42 The ex- 
pensys of which Houshold may sone be estemyd by thes, 
which of old time have byn Officers theryn. 1481 Caxton 
Myrr. ui. xv. 170 A place .. so ful of spyrites .. that they 
coude not be nombred ne estemed. cr Melusine 117 
They extimed them pat had lodged there to the nombre of 
xxx thousand men. 1523 Lp. Berners Frorss, I. clv. 187 
The finance to pay the wages of so many men of warre was 
estemed to 1. M. Z. parisiens. 1559-66 Hist. Estate Scot. 
Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 58 The brethren who came to Lt. 
Johnstone were esteemed to four or five thousand men. 

+b. with the amount as complement, or intro- 
duced by fo de. Obs. 

@1512 Fanyan Chron. (1811) Pref. 8 Suche money as shall 
remayn..I estyme to be every yere xiid. 1612 BrerEwoop 
Lang. § Relig. iii. 17 A learned man hath esteemed them [the 
inhabitants of Rome]..to have been no less then three or 
four millions. 1673 Ray Journ. Low C. 109 The Citizens 
{Ausburgh] are divided between Papists and Lutherans, 
these latter being esteemed double the number of the 
former, 1696 Wuiston 7h, Earth. 1. (1722) 334, 1 esteem 


the Upper Crust to be not above 50 or 100 miles deep. 1717 | 


Berkevey ¥rnl. Tour Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 589 The great 
torrent in the widest part 3 miles broad esteemed. 

+4. In wider sense: To judge of; to form an 
opinion of. Also with obj. sentence. Ods. 

1534 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. viii, For to esteme 
the thyng that he had doone, and to puruey for that he had 
to do. 1535 E. Harvet in Ellis Orig. Lett, u. 115 II. 71 
By al the next monith I stime that his labor shal take end. 
1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 124 Al the resy- 
dewe of the woomans bodye beinge couered with cloothes, 
they esteme her scaselye be one handebredeth. 1592 West 
Symbol. 1. 1. § 12 It is to be esteemed whether they may be 
said to be Contracts named or un-named. 1624 BEDELL 
Lett. iv. 79 What anger and shame this was to the Popish 
faction, I leaue it to you to esteeme. 

5. To account, consider, think, hold (a thing to 
be so and so). With simple complement ; less fre- 
quently with as or fo de; rarely const. + for. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W.) 211 The people esteme & 
take vs as the mynistres of Chryst. 1530 Patscr. 539. la, I 
esteme my selfe better than I am. HITTINTON Z'udlyes 
Offices 1. (1540) t Nor I wolde thou shulde exteme this to be 
sayd of arrogaunce. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 13 Lawful 
increse of the pepul ys, among al men ..estymyd vertue 
and honesty. 1590 SHaxs. Mids. N. m1. ii. 353 This their 
iangling I esteeme a sport. 1628 Hosses Thucyd. (1822) 104 
Esteeming these virtues to be in me. 1667 Perys Diary 
(1879) IV. 348 To have all that I shall be or do, esteemed 
as got by the death of my uncle. 4671 H. M. tr. rasmus’ 
Collog. 453 Wouldest thou not esteem that Alchymist for a 
god, who were able, etc. 1708 J, CHAMBERLAYNE S?. Gé. 

rit. 1. 1. i. G74 ) ago St. Patrick is esteemed to have been 
made the first bishop of the Scots. 1739 Hume Hum, Nat. 
I, Introd., To hope we shall arrive at it [truth] without 
— -. must certainly be esteemed sufficiently vain. 

1BBon Misc. Wks, (1814) V. 171 The small islands of the 
.- Pacific. .may be esteemed as some of the most dle 
spots on the globe. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. [ndia II. v. ii. 
374 The majority of the Council esteemed the evidence of 
the chee complete. 1845 S, Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 
Il. 299 The imperialists , . d th Ives happy to 
escape without, a beating. 


302 


+b. intr. To account of, have (such or such) 
an opinion of. Obs. Cf. 2¢. 

1576 Fieminc Panopl. Ep. 268 Know you that I esteeme 
of as of my friend. 1390 Greene Orpharion 47 Avicen 
said that love was a fury: how didst thou esteeme of this 
but as an axiome? 1611 Suaks. Wint. T. u. iii. 149 We 
haue alwayes truly seru’d you, and beseech’ So to esteeme 


of vs. Br. Hatt Hard Texts N. T. 111 Esteem of 
things as | really are. 2 

¢. With sudord. clause. To think, be of opinion, 
suppose Zhat. 


1548 R. Hutren Sum of Diuinitie E 4a,We 
that we haue the benifytes of the gorpe for hys sake. 
Ussuer Body Div. (3647) 138 Their blindnesse .. esteem 
that thes ow or thicknesse of trees would hide them from 
the face of God. bg ae Orrery Parthenissa (1676) 
305 Which blemish the "d the Marriage would 


verely 


(2539) 4a, This 


+ Estee‘mable, 2. Ods. [f. EsrrEM v. + -ABLE.] 
= EsTimMaBLe. 

¢ 1460 [see Estimasie A. 1). 1614 Spgeep Theat, Gt. Brit. 
xliii. 85/2 Were it not for the antiquity that makes it [Apelby] 
the more esteemable .. it would be little better in account 
than a village. 1661 Fettuam Resolves u. lv. 298 If we 
would be prevalent and esteemable, we ought .. to preserve 
that interest, which never can, but by our own neglect, be 
lost. 1715-20 Pore /diad v1, note xxxiii, Homer does not 
paint him [Paris] and Helen .. like Monsters .. but allows 
their Characters esteemable Qualifications. 1720 WELTON 
Suffer. Son of God 11. xiv. 375 The Lowest Places..are not 
less... Esteemable in the Eye of God, than the most Elevate. 
1752 Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) 11. 366 That the esteemable 
qualities alone .. are entitled to the appellation of virtues. 
1761 Frances Sueripan Sidney Bidulph ui. 185 A man.. 
every way esteemable in his character. 1828 in WEBSTER; 
and in mod. Dicts. 

Esteemate: see Estimate. 

Esteemed (ést?‘md), #/. a. [f. Esrrem v. + 
-ED1,.] Held in esteem, valued, respected. 

1549 CHEKE Hurt Sedit. C iij b, What an hynderaunce is 
it, to haue a good garmente hurte .. or anye estemed thyng 
to be decaied. 1647-8 CorterELL Davila’s Hist. Fr. (1678) 
8 A man of subtil wit, and esteemed valour. 1781 J. Moore 
View Soc. It. (1790) 11. Ixxviii. 450 Ornamented with some 
highly esteemed sculpture in wood. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth 
xviii, According to the esteemed qualities of the time. 1871 
Carty.e in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. t 247 An esteemed tutor 
in noble families. 

Esteemer (ést7‘ma1). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who esteems, prizes, or respects; a valuer, 
judge. Obs. exc. const. of. 

1551 Rowinson tr. More’s Utop. 1. (Arb.) 99 A wise and 
indifferent estimer of thynges will not greatlye marueill. 
1587 Misfort. Arthur. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley WV. 271 Grief 
is no just esteemer of our deeds. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 375 
The base esteemers, and carelesse respecters of these ser- 
uices. 1664 H. More Synopsis Proph. 453 Boasters of the 
certainty of their knowledge in the divinest matters, and 
ee esteemers thereof. 1675 L. Appison State of Fews 14 

bbi Aaron Ben-Netas..wanted nothing but Christianity 
to render him acceptable to equal esteemers. ¢ 1698 Lock 
Cond. Underst. § 3 This might instruct the proudest esteemer 
of his own parts how useful it is to talk and consult with 
others. 1775 in Asu; and in mod. Dicts. 

Estee'ming, vé/. sd. [f. as prec. + -1NG1.] 
a. The action of the vb. Estzem. b. Estimation, 
value, worth. 

1530 Patscr. 217/2 Estemyng, estimation. 1561 'T. Nor- 
TON Calvin's Inst. Pref., It thinketh them to holy pre- 
lates of* religion, whom it seeth to heads ouer great 
cities : Away therfore with such foolishe estemyng. ¢ 1600 
Suaks. Sonn, cii, That love .. whose rich esteeming The 
owners tongue doth publish every where. 1617 CoLLins 
Def. Bp. Ely i, ix. 351 Venerart implies no worship .. but 
onely reuerent esteeming. 1 P. Fretrcner Zlisa u. 
xxxix, Such is the world..This base and scorned; that 
great, in high esteeming. 1672 Witkins Nat. Redig. 1. xii. 
(R.), By love, I mean an esteeming of him [God] and a 
seeking after him as our only happiness. 

Estee'ming, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG2,] 

Hence + Estee‘mingly adv.; so as to express 
esteem ; appreciatively, 

ares tes, ‘steeming. Baxter Worc. Petit. Def. 7,1 
dou wh 


you would fain ¢ your selves more of such ts, 


that_you speak so esteemingly of them. 
+ Estella-tion. Obs. In 4-cioun. [f. L. stella: 
see -ATION and cf. OF. rir agenirodl Astrology. 
non 


¢ 1300 XK’. Adis, 589 Wiser clerk no lyv +» In art of 
este un, 


Estend, obs. form of Exrenp. 

Ester, -ne, obs. forms of Easter. 

Esterling, var. form of Eastern, Obs. 
+Estery feather. Ods. rare. App.=estri 
(ostrich) feather; applied to some peculiarity in 


the coat of a horse. 
Lond. Gaz. No. 25: A bright Bay Horse with a 

Bob Tail, and three Estery Feathers, one at his breast, and 
one at each side of his Neck. /bid., A brown Roan Mare 
.-the hair curleth almost like an Estery Feather. 

+ Estew. Ods. [var. of Srew; ef. OF. estuver 
to stew.] A dish of stewed meat, a stew. 

1566 Warne tr. Alexis’ Seer. m1. 1. 28b, We make .. an 
éstewe or Bayne wherin hath bene sodden some Ieniper. 


Esteward(e, obs. form of Eastwarp. 


ESTIMATE. 


Estful: see Este sd. 4. 

Esthete, -ic, var. ff. AAsTHETE, -Ic. 

+Esthiomene, Path. Obs. [a. Fr. esthiomene, 
ad. Gr, é0@épevos, pr. pple. pass. or middle of éo6iew 
to eat.] ous sore. 

1541 3. Conan Salama Terap. 2 ¥ jb, Inal Esthiomenes 
are eaten and 


reade. 1541 — Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Auycen in his 
fourth commaundeth them to be done = 
the estiomenes i ] sores. 


Estimable (e’stimab’l), a. and sb. See also 
EsteemaBux. [a. Fr. estimable, ad. L. #stimabilis, 
f. — see Esteem, Estate, vds.] 

ij. 

+1. Capable of being estimated, valued, or a) 

praised. Ods. a 


— = hod it - not bore pet 171 — 
xvi. (1885) 151 It is not estymal 1714 
estemable], what myght pe kynge may haue off is : 
1638 SANDERSON Serm. vii. (1673) 99 These precious Souls 
+. not estimable with any other thing than with the precious 
blood @ 1805 Patey (cited by Webster 1828). 

+2. Valuable, worth a great pyar of worth. Ods. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. V.1. iil. 167 A pound of mans flesh .. 
Is not so estimable, profitable neither As flesh of Muttons, 
Beefes, or Goates. 1791 Bosweit Yohnson I. Advt., His 
Contributions to my Collection are highly estimable. 1796 
C. MarsHatt Ga: xix. (1813) 376 colchicums are 
pretty plants for the end of the season (October) 
which makes them estimable objects near the house. 

Jane Porter Thaddeus xi. (1831) 97 All that 
existence estimable. 5 

3. Of persons and their attributes: Worthy of 
esteem or regard. 

a 1698 Tempce (J.), A lady said of her two companions, 
that one was more amiable, the other more estimable. 1759 
Hurp Dad. 8 (R.) The more estimable, nay the most ac- 
complished characters, that have been formed among our- 
selves. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace iv. Wks. 1X. 67 A Tarter 
believes, when he has killed a man, that all his estimable 
qualities with his clothes and arms to the murderer. 
1831 SIR F, Sonam Corr. II. 346, I do not recollect having 
met with a more estimable character than Count Itzenplitz. 
1860 TyNpALt Glac. 1. xxiv. 170 So determined a climber 
and so estimable a man. 

+4. Of things: Worthy of consideration; of 
considerable importance. Odés. 

1570-6 LamBarpe Peramb. Kent (1826) 131 The Towne 
was long since somewhat estimable. 1741 MippLeton Cicero 
II. x1. 583 These letters still more estimable. 

+ B. sd. pl. Things estimable. Ods. rare—*. Cf. 
valuables. 

a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts (1684) 50 
Sheba. .brought some plants of the Balesn 
the peculiar estimables of her Country. 


E'stimableness (e'stimab’Inés). [f. prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being estimable, or of 


The Queen of 
Tree, as one of 


deserving esteem or 

1 in Bartey (folio. Branp Pop. Antig. (1849) 
Figo eons bl of the ch od dealt wai 
bours. 1828 Wesster cites R. Newton. 


E:stimably, adv. [f. as prec.+-1y2.] In an 
estimable manner. 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. : 

stimate (e'stimet), sb. [ad. L. xstimat-us 
(only in abl.), vbl. sb. f. astimdre: see EstEEM, 
Estimate, vds.] 

+1. a. The action of valuing or appraising ; a 
valuation; /it, and fig. To make no estimate re 
to make no account of, not to value. b. 
price at which anything is rated; fig. attributed 
value. Ods. 

Shakspere’s to have estimate in (quot. 1601), seems to mean 
‘to have a claim to be considered in the valuation of’. 

1563 Gotpinc Casar vi, 158 They make an estimate of 
their own goods and lay so muche in valew therevnto. 1594 
Souruwett Af, Magd. Fun. Teares 92 Love. .doubleth 
estimate of things that are 
oF Of my love he makes no estimate. 
Alls Well un. i. 183 Th 
rate Worth name of life, in thee hathestimate. 1607 — Tinron 
1. i. 14 Ifhewill touch i 
Hee that gi i 


estimates. 1630 J. Taytor (Water 
are of farre more estimate and 

the bird of Paradise. a 1674 Surv. Lev 
(1676) 227 The high estimate they have made of the joies of 
Heaven. 1677 Hate Conti u. go They will soon lose 
their Estimate and Deligh 


wa Whe 06/2 They 
) WE Figs 


as pan (1663) hen, Seneca and Cioaro's Epistles have 
escap’d : may yi have 
2. An aig Pyaar any more based on con- 


siderations of probability, respecting the number, 
amount, eaguhaiia, or ion of anything; the 
quantity ny by such a jud t. 

1630 Pacirt Christianogr. 1. ii. (1636) 38 There was an 
old pm made ag ws 0 — not aed 
Contin. New Hah mt 118 Drawn up (by our 


ESTIMATE. 


gestimate) about two inches and a half. 1702 R. Netson 
in Pepys’ Diary V1. 256 There is a design of building a 
Church. . which by estimate will cost [etc.]._ 1709 BERKELEY 
Th. Vision $3 The estimate we make of the distance of 
objects. 1846 MeCuttocu Acc, Brit. Empire (1854) 11. 523 
In forming any estimate of the total or yearly value of 
lands and houses. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea v. § 294 
This estimate as to the quantity of rain in the two hemi- 
spheres, 

b. Zhe Estimates: accounts presented annually 


to Parliament, showing the probable amount of 
expenditure on the several administrative depart- 


ments for the current year. 

1732 Gent. Mag. 11. 881 The Accounts for the Year 1731 
ag Realadtes of Charges on the Articles therein mention’d 
for the present Year. 1740 Lp. Battimore /did. X. 586 
The Estimate of the Navy. .is lower..than that which was 
laid before us the last Session. 185: Hr. Martineau Hist. 
Peace (1877) III. iv. xi. 87 The estimates were reduced 
half a million. — xi Daily News 25 July 5/2 The Esti- 
mates, in fact, should have a fixed appendix. : 

ce. A statement furnished by a builder, con- 
tractor, or other tradesman, of the sum for which 
he is prepared to undertake the execution of a 


specified piece of work. : 

1796 Hull Advertiser 14 oy 2/2 Estimates to be given 
in on or before the 25th of May. 1829 C. Weicu Wes. 
Polity 158 The various candidates for a contract deliver in 
estimates. 1857 W, CoLtins Dead Secret (1861) 60, ‘I wish 
he had sent ioe estimate with it’ said Rosamond. 1878 
Print. Trades Frnl, xxv. 5 The proprietor of a..weekly 
newspaper sought estimates for its cheaper production. ; 
3. A judgement formed or expressed respecting 
the character or qualities of a person or thing, or 
respecting a state of affairs, etc. 

1589 Nasue Pref. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 7 Well may 
the Adage, Nil dictum quod non dictum prius, bee the 
most iudiciall estimate, of our latter Writers. a 1704 
L’Estrance (J.), A true estimate upon the odds betwixt 
a publick and a private life. x7rx Appison Sfect. No. 257 
P 9 Outward Actions can never give a just Estimate of us. 
1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 270 The estimate of the 
French character and condition, given in this volume, is an 
unfavourable one. 1858 Froupe Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 31 
This estimate both of interest and fitness varied from day 
to day. 

b. Estimation; manner in which things are 
viewed. 

1637 R. Humrrey tr. S. Azzdrose Pref., What is reputed 
good in the estimate of the world. 1856 Emerson Eng. 
Traits, Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) II. 84 The English barons, 
in every period, have been brave and great, after the esti- 
mate PED geste of their times. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola 
1. xxv, He was not unaware that he had sunk a little in 
the estimate of the men who had accepted his services. 

Estimate (e'stimeit), v. Forms: 5-6 esty- 
mat(t, 7 estimate, estimat, 6- estimate. [f. L. 
xstimat- ppl. stem of xstimdre, in class. L, =sense 
1; in late L. also as int b, 2-4. Cf. Estrem.] 

+1. trans. To assign a value to; to appraise, 
assess; to fix proportionately (penalties, wages, 
etc.). Const. at. Obs. 

1611 Biste Lev. xxvii. 14 As the Priest shall estimate it, 
so shall it stand. 1646 Sie T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xiv. 255 
If she were between the age of five and twenty, shee was to 
be estimated but atten shekels. a 1704 Locke (J.), It is by 
the weight of silver. that men estimate commodities. 1710 
Priveavux Orig. Tithes ii. 68 The wages are to be estimated 
according to the qualifications which are necessary in the 
person, 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 118 P g To. .estimate 
securities, and to engage for mortgages. 

b. To value (subjectively) ; to attribute value 
to; to appreciate the worth of; to esteem, hold 
in (higher or lower) estimation. 

1597 Daniet Civ. Wares w. iii, Their wisedome .. Liue- 
dogges before dead Lyons estimates, 1651 Jer. TAyLor 
Clerus Dom. 6 Saul’s gers and Saul himselfe turned 
Prophets, that they might estimate the place and preserve 
its priviledge. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 172 P 8 It is 
— not to estimate what is lately gained above its real 
value. 

2. To form an approximate notion of (the 
amount, number, magnitude, or position of any- 
thing) without actual enumeration or measurement; 
to fix by estimate at. Also with clause as obj. 

1669 Sturmy Mariners’ Mag. 1.157 The Error is to be 
imputed .. to the judgment in estimating the Distance run, 
in making it too little. @1687 Perry Pol. Arith. (1690) 82 
Some have estimated that there are not above Three hundred 
Millions of People in the whole World. 1765 Mary in 
Phil. Trans. LV, 308 The difference of declination was 
only estimated. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 143 
By the rule of proportion, we may estimate his size at eight 
or nine feet. 1828 J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. 16 Estimate 8 
parts out of 20 of the next smaller division. 1848 W. BARTLETT 
Egypt to Pal. xiii. (2879) 286 One of our number. .estimated 
that this valley woul crs a thousand cattle three 
months, 1855 Prescorr Philip J/, 1.11. xii, 278 The amount 
of injury inflicted pny Fae dismal period, it is not pos- 
sible to estimate. ‘anch, Exam. 6 July 4/7 The pro- 
secutors estimate the efalcations at about pr Ae 

+38. To esteem, consider, judge (a thing to be 
so and so); with simple complement, or as. ds. 
rare = ESTEEM v. 5. 

¢1532 Dewes /xtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1066 We may make 
no greatter honour to God than to estymat him tréw .. nor 
greatter dishonour than to mystrust hym. 1654 tr. Scudery’s 
Curia Politie 69 Those who are interested will estimate 
us as their Liberators. 1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 153 This 
may properly be estimated as a part of the Indian dress. 

-4, To gauge ; to judge of, form an opinion of. 


803 


1651 Hopses Zeviath. m1. xliii. 327 This article [that Jesus 
is the Christ] is the measure and rule by which to estimate, 
and examine all other Articles, 1665 BoyLe Occas. Refi. 
11. vii, In estimating a Man’s condition, we should not only 
consider what Possessions he has, but what Desires. 1692 
Locke 3rd Let. Toleration Wks. 1765 V. 215 The measure of 
punishments being to be estimated .. by the length of their 
duration. 1768 Jounson Pref to Shaks. Wks. 1X. 240 
While an author is yet living, we estimate his powers by 
his worst performance. 1794 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life 
& Writ. (1832) III. 50 If it just to judge a private man 
by his friends, it is not amiss to estimate a public officer by 
his foes. 1837 Lanpor Pentameron Wks. 1846 II. 258 Bacon 
and Hooker could not estimate Shakespeare. 1878 Mor.ey 
Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1.201 To estimate the intention 
and sincerity of a movement. 

+Evstimate, fa. pple. Obs. rare. In 5 esty- 
matt, 6 esteemate. [ad. L. xstimdt-us, pa. pple. 
of xstimare: see ESTEEM.] Used as pa. pple. of 
EsrrEM or Estimate. 

€ 1425 tr. 7. 2 Kempis’ Consol. u. xi, Lete him not pondre 
gret, all pat may be estymatt gret. 1635 Barrirre J///, 
Discip. cx. (1643) 337 A Jem, more prizable and esteemate, 
then the best Armours of proofe. 

Estimation (estimé‘fon). Forms: 4-6 estim-, 
estymacion, -oun, -yon(e, 4 extymacion, 5-6 
estymation, -oun, (6 estymacon, esteemation, 
7 estimation), 6-estimation. [ME. estimacion, 
-cioun, a. OF, estimacion (mod.F. estimation, cor- 
resp. to Pr. estématio, estimacion, Sp. estimacton, 
It. stimaztone), ad. L. wstimation-em, £. xstimare: 
see Estrem, Estimate.] The action of estimating 
or esteeming. 

+1. The action of appraising, assessing, or valu- 
ing ; statement of price or value; valuation. 

1382 Wycuir £x. xxii. 5 If eny man harme feeld.. what 
euer best thing he hath in his feeld .. he shal restore for 
estymacioun of the harm [Vulg. fro damni xstimatione; 
1388 the valu of harm]. 1413 Lypc. Pilger. Sowle iv. ix. 
(1483) 62 The prys of myn Appel is of suche valewe that it 
passeth the estymacion of ony creature, 1523 Lp. BERNERS 
froiss. \. xiii. 13 They had syluer for theyr horses .. at 
theyre owne estymation, without any grudgyng. 1609 Bite 
(Douay) 1 Avngs viii. 5 They immolated sheepe and oxen 
without estimation and number. 1667 E, CHAMBERLAYNE 
St. Gt. Brit. 1. 1. ii. (1743) 158 Silver and gold have been 
chosen to be the Instruments of Exchange and Estima- 
tion of all Things. 1776 Apam Smiru IV. N. 1. 1. xi. 190 
In the household bool of Henry .. there are two different 
estimations of wheat. 1792 A: Younc Trav. France 409 
The Bureau de la Balance du Commerce at Paris .. is be- 
yord all comparison more accurate in its estimations [than 
the English Custom-house.] 

+b. Estimated value; concr. something which 
one values. Ods. 

1551 Ropinson tr. More's Utop. 1. (Arb.) 155 They be 
wrought so fynely and conningelye. .that the estimation of no 
costely stuffe is hable to counteruaile the price of the worke. 
r61r SHAKS. Cymbd. 1. iv. 99 Your Ring may be stolne too, 
so your brace of vnprizeable Estimations, the one is but 
fraile, and the other Casuall. 1631 I’. May tr. Barclay's 
Mirr. Mindes 1. 245 The earth in the bowels of it hath 
many metalls, both of different natures and estimations. 
1775, Jounson Tax, no Tyr. 41 For some thing, in their 
opinion, of more estimation. 

2. a. Appreciation, valuation in respect of ex- 
cellence or merit; esteem considered as a senti- 
ment. Phrase, Zo have or hold in estimation. 

1530 Parser. 34 If he desyre that his writynges shulde 
be had in any estymacion. @1535 More De guat. Noviss. 
Wks, 82/2 As rising of an hie estimacion of our self. 1576 
Fieminc Panofpl. Ep. 268 So farre from having monie in 
estimation..I have cast it away from me. a1680 BUTLER 
Rem. (1759) Il. 17 He holds it a kind of Self-Preservation to 
maintain a good Estimation of himself. 1712 STEELE Sfect. 
No. 456 P 5 Mens Estimation follows us according to the 
Company we keep. 1787 Canninc in Microcosm No. 18 
Wishing to know in what estimation he was held by man- 
kind. 1796 C. MarsuaL Garden. i. (1813) 1 The degree of 
estimation that the art of gardening is worthy of. 1848 
Dickens Dombey 273 Mr. Dombey is so generous in his 
estimation of any trivial accomplishment. 1882 PeBopy Eng. 
Fournalism xxi. 156 The Provincial Press of Great Britain 
never stood higher in public estimation than it stands to-day. 

+b. The condition of being esteemed; ‘ account’ 
or worth in the opinion of others; esteem con- 
sidered passively; repute. Of places: Import- 
ance, consequence. Phrases, 70 be i estimation, 
to grow out of estimation. Obs. 

1530 Patscr. 300 Any auctour of estymation, 1531 Etyor 
Gov. 1. xiii, The frute .. leseth his verdure and taste, and 
finally his estimation. x69 J. Rocers Gl. Godly Loue 185 
How in estimacion a chaste life is. 1870-6 LAMBARDE 
Peramb, Kent (1826) 159 The name of Hyde..led me to 
thinke that it had been of more estimation in time past. 
1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. Ixxi. 6 Gods miracles growe 
out of estimacion with us by custome. 1593 NasHe Jour 
Lett. Confut. 14 His brother .. indeuord to take from mee 
all estimation of Arte or witte. 1612 BrinsLey Lud. Lit. 
xxiv. (1627) 268 To avoide carefully .. whatsoever may di- 
minish his estimation and authority, 1764 FRANKLIN Ess. 
Wks. 1840 II. 349 Goldand silver have. . universal estimation. 
1792 Burke Let. Sir H. Langrishe Wks. 1842 I. 544 A 
miserable pulace, without property, without estimation, 
without education, 1824-8 Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) 5r 
The family of every criminal is a loser in estimation. . by his 

unishment, however just. 1828 Scotr F. AZ. Perth XXV, 

he sole virtue of our commonweal, its strength, and its 
estimation, lay among the burgher craft of the better class. 

8. The process of forming an approximate notion 
of (numbers, quantities, magnitudes, etc.) without 
actual enumeration or measurement. 


ESTIVATE. 


¢ 1400 Maunbev. v. (1839) 4x That Tour .. was of 25 myle 
in cyrcuyt of the Walles..as Men may demen by estyma- 
tioun. 1424 Paston Lett. No. 4. 1.12 To the noumbre of 
four score and more by estimacion. 1473 Warkw. Chron. 
5 A blasynge sterre . . iiij. fote highe by estimacyone. 1558 
in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. v. 182 Three .; parcells of 
pasture grounde. .conteyning by estimacion eightene acres. 
1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 160 If a ship sail 8 Miles 
South in an Hour, by Log or Estimation, 1772 Hutton 
Bridges 86 The proper estimation of the expence. 1786 P/77. 
Trans. LXxvL. The distance of the nearest threads be- 
came a very visible space, answerable to one minute each, 
and therefore capable of a much further subdivision by esti- 
mation, 1838 De Morcan £ss. Probab. 128 That which we 
call estimation means guess formed by a person whose pre- 
vious habits and experience are such as to make it very 
likely that he can tell nearly true that which would require 
instruments to obtain with great approach to accuracy. 

+b. Estimated number. Ods. 

1513 Bh. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 274 There shall be set 
brede, trenchours, and spones, after the estymacyon of them 
that shall syt there, 

_4. Manner of estimating or judging; opinion, 
judgement. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. iv, iv. 125 Pou hast quod she be 
ry3t estimacioun of pis. c1400 Test. Love 1. (Chalm. 
Poets) 474/t Thestimacion of the enuious people, ne loketh 
nothing to desertes of men.. but onely to the auenture of 
fortune. 1447 Boxennam Seyntys Introd. (Roxb.) 6 Be the 
blyssyd medyacyoun Of this virgyne aftyr my estimacyoun. 
1560 Daus tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 21a, Reuchline in the 
defence of his estimation, aunswereth him [Phefercorn] with 
another. @1677 Barrow IAs. (1741) I. v. 45 He that walketh 
uprightly .. is sure not to come off disgracefully .. in the 
estimations of men. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 39 The crown.. 
in the .. estimation of law .. had ever been, perfectly irre- 
sponsible. 1841 Lane Arad. Nes. 1. 88 The dearest of men 
in my estimation. 1864 I. Taytor IVords & Places 469 In 
popular estimation, idle and vagabond habits were acquired 
by those who made the pilgrimage to the .. Holy Land. 

+b. Conjecture, guessing. Ods. rare—'. Cf. 3. 

1596 Suaks, 1 /fen. /V, 1. iii. 273, 1 speake not this in 
estimation, As what I thinke might be, but what I know Is 
ruminated, plotted, and set downe. 

+5. ‘Judgement’ as a mental faculty. Ods. Cf. 
ESTIMATIVE. 

1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. i. xi. (1495) 55 Proprely to 
speke a hound vsyth no reason but he vsyth a besye and 
stronge estymacyon. 1509 Hawes ast, Pleas. xxiv. ii, 
These are the v. wyttes .. Fyrst, commyn wytte.. Fantasy, 
and estymacyon truely. 

Estimative (e'stimativ), a. [ad. late L. as/7- 
mativ-us, f. estimare: see ESTIMATE and -IVE.] 

1. Adapted for estimating ; having the power of 
estimating. +a. “stimative faculty, virtue, etc. : 
the faculty of ‘judgement’ (0ds.). b. “stimative 
art [after Gr. oroxaotixh Téxvn). 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. in. xi. (1495) 55 The vertue 
estimatiue and the ymagynatyf ben comyn to vs and to 
other beest. 1548-77 Vicary A vad. iv. (1888) 31 In the middest 
sel or ventrikle [of the brain] there is founded .. the Cozi- 
tatiue or estimatiue vertue. 1606 Six G. Goosecapfe 1. iv. 
in Bullen O. PZ. III, 22 To..make my estimative power 
believe, etc. 1666 J. SmitH Old Age (1752) 37 The fancy 
both estimative and cogitative. @1691 Boye (J.), The 
errour is not in the eye, but in the estimative faculty. 1859 
Excyct. Brit. XV1I1. 567/2 Mr. Combe .. and others acknow- 
ledge that applied phrenology is an estimative art only. 

+2. a. Based upon estimation or approximate 
calculation. b. Imputed, due to estimation. Odés. 

1618-29 Charges agst. Dk. Buckhu. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. 
(1659) I. 346 This he delivered as a Sum Estimative. a 1640 
WaANDESFORDE /ustruct. to his Son (1777) § 83 A Jewel of 
that unvaluable Richness, not estimative but intrinsicall. 
1651 Cuperrer Astrol. Yudgem. Dis. (1658) 151 It antici- 
pates the time estimative but 10. min. 

Hence +E:stimatively adv. Ods., in an estima- 
tive manner ; by way of esteem or respect. 

1633 T. Apams £24, 2 Peter iii. x Our spiritual parents 
are more to be loved estimatively ; our natural, more in- 
tensively. 

Estimator (e'stime'tor). Also 8 -er. [a. L. 
wstimator, agent-n, f. wst’mdre: see ESTIMATE 2. 
and -or.]_ One who estimates. 

a 1665 J. Goopwin Filled ww. the Spirit (1867) 406 Our Sa- 
viour .. was the best estimator concerning matters of profit. 
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I, 363 We are very bad 
estimaters of happiness. 186r Lond. Rev. 20 Apr. 434/2 
They are by no means the keenest estimators. 

Estimatory (c’stimatori), a. [ad. L. wstimd- 
torius, f. estimator: see prec.] (See quots.) 

1736-1800 BaiLey, 4 stimatory, of or belonging to pricing 
or valuing; for a price or estimation. 1818 CoLEBROoKE 
Oblig. & Contracts I. 18 Estimatory contract (binding in the 
alternative to sell for a fixt price or return the goods). 


Estime, -er, obs. ff. ESTEEM, -ER. 

Estin, Sc. form of Easten a. Obs. 

|| Estivage. [Fr. estivage, f. estiver, ad. It. sti- 
vare = Pr, estipar, Sp. and Pg. estévar:—L. stipare 
to pack close.] A mode of stowing or trimming 
vessels by pressing or screwing the cargo into the 
vessel by means of a capstan machinery, practised 
in American or Mediterranean ports. (Ogilvie.) 

Estival, var. form of Aisrivan. 

Estivate, v. An occasional spelling of AEst1- 
VATE, to spend the summer; es. of animals, to 
spend the summer in a state of torpor. 


1656-81 in Bount Glossogr. 1854 Tuoreau Walden xvi. 
(1863) 317 As if he had a design to estivate with us. 1883 


ESTIVATION. 


Sunday Mag. 676 The unfortunate reptile was estivating 
exactly under the spot where the fire had been made. 

Estivation, var. of AisTIvATION. 

Estivator (e'stiveitex). [f. EstrvaTe v. +-or., 
An animal that estivates or passes the summer in a 
state of torpor. 

1883 Sunday Mag. 674 They search the dry bed of the 
river, dig up the buried estivators, and live on them. 

Estive, var. form of AisTIVE a. Ods., of or be- 
Tonge, to summer. 

+ Evstivous, 2. Obs. [f. L. wstiv-us + -0U8.] 
Of or pertaining to summer, summer-like. 

¢ Pallad, on Husb. 1. 580 In landes that beth estyv- 
ous for heete. 

Estlande, obs. form of EASTLAND. 

Estlar, -er, obs. Sc. forms of ASHLAR. 

Estmast, obs. form of Eastmost. 

|| Estoc (e'stgk). [F. estoc = Pr. estoc, Sp. & Pg. 
estoque, It. stocco.} A kind of sword; the name 
was variously applied at different times: see 
yoy rniey xxvii, A good downright blow of 

8 Es Da: XXVil, g lownrig! low oO! 
pig Begs pict iadr head. 1834 PLancné Brit. Cos- 
fume 138 The scabbard of his estoc or small stabbing-sword. 
1860 Farrnoit Costume in Eng. (ed. 2) 440 Estoc, a short 
sword, worn at the girdle by soldiers. 

+Estoca‘de. Os. Also 6 estockado, [a. 
F. estocade, f, estoc: see Estoc; cf. Sp. estocada, 
It. stoccata, and see -ADE! and -apo?.] A thrust 
with an estoc; in quots. the Sire itself. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. u. 104 Rodolphe Gonzague. .was 
so hurt in the face with an estockado by a french man. 
/bid., Every one beganne. .to lay handes vpon their masses, 
estokados, and other short weapons. 

Estocade: erron, f. EstacaDk. 

Estoil(e (éstoil). Her. [a. OF. estore, mod. 
F. étotle.] Also 7 estile. A common charge in 
the form of a star with wavy points or rays. 

1572 BossewELL Armorie 1. 114 Three cressants and as 
many Estoiles montans of the seconde: borne by the name 
of Dillon. a166x Futter Worthies (1840) II. 79 His [John 
Gwillim’s] Peg .about stars (but here we must call them 
estoiles). 1688 R. Homme Armoury u. 16/2 A Star. .is better 
in Blazon to be termed an Estile or Estoile. 1763 Brit. Mag. 
IV. 303 A chevron between three estoils, sable. 1864 Bovu- 
TELL Heraldry Hist. §& Pop. ix. 47 The Mullet essentially 
differs from the Estoile the rays oe which are always wavy. 

Estoilée (éstoi‘le), a. Her. [a. OF. (croix) *es- 
toilé(e, f. estoile (mod.F. étorle) star.] (See quot.) 

1730-6 Baitey (folio), Estotl/eé as a Cross Estoilleé signi- 
fies a star with only 4 long rays in form of a cross, and so 
broad in the centre, and ending in sharp points. 1847 in 
Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Esto-nied, obs. var. of ASTONIED Af/. a., struck 
with consternation, dismayed. 

1581 Marseck Bk. of Notes 362 Manie men shall be es- 
tonied when they shall see Christ our sauiour. 

Estop (éstg'p), v. Also 5-7 estopp(e. [a. OF. 
estoper, estoupper (sense 1), and AF. estopper 
(sense 2), f. OF, estoupe (mod.F. étoupe) = Pr. and 
a estopa, It. stoppa:—L. stuppa tow. Cf. Stop v.] 

. trans. To stop with or as with a dam, plug, 
or bar; to fill up (a pool). arch. 

[rag2 Britton 1. xxx. § 8 Devises remuez, chemins et euwes 
estopez.] a1420 Hocc.eve De Reg. Princ. 63 For God estop- 
ped eke the concepcioun Of every woman of his [Pharaoh’s] 
mansioun. 1586 Ferne B/az. Gentrie 61 A barre to estop 
..the mouthes of the people. 162r Botton Stat. /re/. 51 
(Act 8 Hen. VII.) They have estopped both parts of the 
Podell. 1860 Russet. Diary Jndia 11. 109 The road .. 
winds along the side of a barren mountain .. till it appears 
to_be estopped by a high cliff. ; 

2. Law. To stop, bar, hinder, preclude, Chiefly 
vefl, and in pass., to be precluded by one’s own 


previous act or declaration from doing or alleging | 


something. Const. + of, /o with 7wf. [= AF. estop- 
per a with znf.], and in recent use from; also 
simply. 

1531 Dial. on Laws Eng.t. xix. (1638) 34 The law in such 
cases giveth no remedy to him that is estopped. 1594 West 
Symbol, u. Chancerié § 37 A man may not prog lg pr 
whereof he wilfully estopped or excluded himselfe by deed 
indented. 1598 Kitcnin Courts Leet, (1675) 303 He is 
estopped to say contrary. 1654 Burton’s Diary (1828) I. 
Introd. 3 An indenture can estopp only such as are parties, 
and where an interest is also con ered. 1767 BLACKSTONE 
Comm. 11. 295 And therefore a man shall always be esto; 
by his own deed, or not permitted to aver or prove any thing 
in contradiction to what he has once so solemnly and de- 
liberately avowed. 1818 Hattam Mid. “44 (1872) I, 20% 
The lord who had granted the charter franchise was 
et from claiming him again. 1884 Law Times Rep. 
16 Feb. 773/1 L. had sworn that the lights in question were 
not ancient, and was therefore estopped from alleging. .that 
they were ancient. 

} ~ To stop, prevent. rare. 
1876 Bret Harte G. Conroy ut. iii, ror An event to be 
expected, feared, and if p le, pped by fastii 
prayer. 
3. To cease from, stop. vare. 

1796 (C. Anstey] Pleaders’ Guide (1803) 121 Nor would 

= rues estop their task, To help thee over Quinden’ 


‘asc! 

Estop, sd. [f. . verb.] A stop or stoppage. 

1884 A. A, Warts ife Alaric Watts om An sehenty 
estop was put upon all this prosperity by an article in the 


Quarterly which. ,denounced it [a book] as a hpenny. 


304 


E (éstp"péedg). [f. Esror v, + -AGE.] 
a. The action of the verb 
b. Law. The condition of bei 


Ps = AGE. 
est 
ee tien tensa 
Roar of Judahs , and the Utterances of the Thunders, 
lp itens ae es des oneal es no 
Set ce letcoenens labs casket ante esion 
Forms: 6-7 estople, 
-pel, -ppell, 7-8 estopple, (9 estoppal), 
estoppel. [app. ad. OF. estoupail, estouppail 
bung or cork, f. estouper : see Estop. Cf.STopPie.] 
+1. An obstruction (to a watercourse) whether 
natural or artificial. Ods. 
1608 Norpen Surv. Dial. (N.), But estoples of water 
courses doe in some places grow by such meanes, as one 


private man or two cannot by force or discretion make | 


remedie. Eart Cork Diary in Lismore Papers 
Ser. 1. (1886) V. 44, I sent him 5 Indictments and orders for 
removing the weares and other estopels. 

2. Zaw. An impediment or bar to a right of 
action arising from a man’s own act, or where he 
is forbidden by law to speak against his own deed. 
(Wharton.) 

1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. xliv. (1638) 141 Without it be 
by such a matter that it worke by way of conclusion or 
estoppell. 1645 Mitton Co/ast. (1851) 376 This shall bee an 
Estoppel to him in an Assise from the recovering his own 
Land. 1667 E. CHAMBERLAYNE S?. Gt. Brit. 1. u. ii. (1743) 
47 No estoppel can bind the king. 1 Matuias Pxrs. 
Vit. (1798) 377 He may take advantage of the estoppel, for 
it runs with the land. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V1 538 
Executory interests..may be passed at As by deed, fine, 
and common recovery, by way of estoppel. 1853 WHARTON 
Pa. Digest 783 Estoppel rests on the principle that eve 
man is presumed to speak and act according to the trut 
and fact of the case. 

+b. gen. Stoppage, prohibition. Ods. 

1583 T. Stocker Civ. Warres Low C.u. 5b, Accordyng to 
the full rate of the tyme of the saied Estoppell. 

Estorax, obs. form of Srorax. 

1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 383 Estorax in Grain. 

+ Estoure. Obs. Also 5 estowr. See Srour. 
[a. AF. estor.] Stir, tumult, war. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. u. viii. 83 Fayr ladyes whiche in 
bataylles and in estowrs vse alle their Armes of syluer for 
lacke of yron. 
was grete effort made, & bigge estoure, after that Eneas 
was come there. 

Estovers (éstd'vaiz), sb. p/. Law, [a. OF. esto- 
ver, estovoir, subst. use of estovoir to be necessary. 
Cf. Srover.] ‘ Necessaries allowed by law’ (J.). 
In various specific applications: esf. Wood which 
a tenant is privileged to take from his landlord’s 
estate so far as it is necessary for repairing his 
house, hedges, implements, etc.; alimony for a 
widow or for a wife separated from her husband ; 
maintenance for an imprisoned felon. (See quots. 
Cf. Boor sé.1 5 b.) 

[1292 Britton 1. vii. § 5 La value de renables estovers en 
autri soil.] 1594 West Symdéol. 11. § 55 Housebote, haibote, 
and plowbote may be demanded by the name of estovers. 
1641 Termes dela Ley 147 Estovers..Bracton used it for 
such sustenance as a man taken for Felony is to have forth 
of his lands or goods for himselfe and his family during his 
imprisonment. And the Statute of 6 Ed. 1 cap. 3. useth 
this for allowance in meate or cloth. 1642 Perkins Prof 
Bk, i. § 104. 46 Estouers granted to be burnt in a house 
certaine. 1741 T. Ropinson Gavelkind u. vi. 243 Estovers 
in meat or clothes. x BLacksTone Comm, i 441 Ali- 
mony to the [divorced] wife .. is sometimes called her 
estovers. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 89 Estovers for 
the building of new houses. = 1GBY Real Prop. iii. 
116 She [a widow] shall have in the meantime her reason- 
able estovers of the common, 

b. Common of estovers: a liberty of taking ne- 
cessary wood, for the use or furniture of a house, 
or farm, from off another’s estate. (Wharton.) 

1523 Fitzners. Surv. 7 The Lorde may gyue or selle the 
resydewe of the sayde woodes or wastes, Excepte that a 
manne haue commen of Estouers, West Symbol. 
u. Chancerie § 141 All..common, alae estovers and 

tures, as all other commons. 1765 BLackstonr Come. 

-u. iii, 27 Common of estovers .. is a liberty of taking 
necessary wood. 1879 Miss Brappon Vixen xxviii, The 
piled-up logs testified to the Tempest common of estovers. 

Estrade (éstra-d). [a. F. estrade fem., ad. Sp. 
estrado masc.: see Estrapo.] A slightly raised 
platform ; a dais. 

1696-1706 Puitiirs Estrade the one half of an Alcove or 
Chamber rais’d with Boards and rail’d in, more richly 
furnish’d and adorn'd for the tion of Persons of Quality. 
1718 Ozett Tournefort’s Voy. I. 372 On the Estrade is 

but one carpet for the officers to sit upon. 1851 Sir 

. Parcrave Norm, & Eng. 1. 208 Upon the — step 
of the estrade. 1866 Mrs. H. Woop Zister’s 


river, 1880 J. G. Fircu Lect. Teaching 69 The teacher.. 
should have his desk on a mounted estrade or platform. 
+Estra‘diot. 0ds. Also Srrapror. [a. F. 
estradiot =It. stradiotto, f, Gr. orparirns soldier.] 
One of a class of light cavalry, originally raised in 
Greece and Albania, who served in the Venetian and 
other armies during the 15th and 16th centuries. 
1577-87 Hottnsuep Chron, III. 822/1 The French were 
discomfited ; for those that were behind saw .. their Estra- 
diots also. icciard. (1618) 264 Many bands 


1579 Fenton 
of Estradiot feated in the kingdome of Naples. 1596 Danerr 


| est 


1490 — Eneydos xxxix. (1890) 129 There | 


ESTRANGE. 


a 330 Crosseb backe, Estradiots, 

|| Estrado (estra-do). [Sp. estrado the carpeted 
part of a room, drawing-room, on-room, 
corresp, to is, estrado, \t. strato:—L. stratum 
neut., pa. pple. of sternére to spread (with carpets). 
a. In Sp. sense; see quot. 1748. b. = eon 
Pere R. Teaxe ne 's Hist. Ci 4 
dressed and forished pe 

..to 

does, or sage Women at ae Cobian 1838 
Lytton Lei/a u. vii, At the upper part of the space was 
an estrado, or 

Estrager, var. of (? or error for) ostreger, AUS- 
TRINGER. 


Paston Lett. No. 708 II. 68. 
¥Estrain,. Obs.rare\, In5estrayn. [ad.OF. 


estrain-dre: see STRAIN.] trans. To bind tightly. 
Caxton Gold. Leg. She remem how Jhesus 

+ Estrait, v. Ods. [f. OF. estreit adj. (mod. 
F. &roit) : seeStrait.] trans. To enclose within 
narrow bounds, to restrict. 

1529 More Heresyes 1v. Wks. 277/2 At this daie the Turke 
hath estraited vs verye nere, and brought it in within a 
right narow compace, 

+ Estrai-ten, v. Ods. [var. of Srrairen.] 
trans. To confine in a narrower space, to restrict. 

1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xxiv. § 5 (1615) 248 b Estrait- 
ening the Kings Deere from the F 


‘orest, to the hurt of the 
owners. 

Estramazo'ne, [var. of Srramazon; cf. Fr. 
estramagon.] A slashing cut in fencing. 

1820 Scott Monast. xxvii, Being eager to punish him, 
I made an estramazone. 

+ Estrange, a. and sb. Obs. rare. Also 4-6 
estraunge. [a. OF. estrange: see STRANGE.] 

A. adj. 1. a. Distant, reserved. b. Strange, 
unusual, wonderful. 

a. ¢1374 CHaucer Troylus 1. 1 [1077] His hieghe 
porte and his manere Picks (Sods: Hart. 2280 and 
Campsall; Harl, a8 straunge.) - 

b. 1549 Sir T. Cuatoner tr. Erasm. Morig Enc. Mja, 
I maie adde here to their sentences or sawes whiche are so 

ge. 1587 Hor Discov. Irel. iv.(R.), You tell 
‘3 of Pon ig and ge di 
. Law. Not privy or party /o, 

17ax St. Bat Doct. & Stud. 195 The entry..is void 
in law, because he is estrange to the deed. 

B. sb. A —— foreigner. 

1384 in Arnolde Chron. 39 Yt non aes bey or selle 
wt any od’ estraunges any maner marchandises wythyn y® 
fraunches of y* same cite. 

E e (éstrzindz), v. Also 6 astrange, 
-aunge, 6-7 estraunge, [ad.OF. estranger (mod.F. 
étranger), corresp. to Pr. estranhar, Cat. estranyar, 
Sp. estranar, Pg. estranhar, It. stranare, straniare 
:—-L. extranedre, {. extrdneus: see GE.] 
To cause to be strange, or a stranger, or as a 
stranger (to). 

1. trans. To remove (permanently or for a length 
of time) from an accustomed abode, haunt, asso- 
ciation, or occupation; to keep apart from expe- 
rience of or acquaintance with anything. Const. 
Jrom. Somewhat arch. 

1485 Caxton Paris & V. (1868) 68 He wold estrange hym 
fro that contree of genes, 1579 E. K. Gloss. Spenser's See 
Cal. Ep. Ded. § 4 Thus much haue I aduentured vpon 
frendship, himselfe being for long time : estraunged, 
1612 T. Witson Chr. Dict., To abstain from sig{nifieth] To 
seperate or estrange, and turne our mind from a thing. 
1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sct. xiv. 80 We must endeavour to 
estrange our assent from every en which is not clearly 
evidenc’d to our faculties, 1713 Guardian No, 5. P 2 
The .. lady .. has for some time from 
Conversation. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 1. (R.\, None shall ask 
if guiltily I fled, Or thy command ‘d me from thy 
bel. mas Poems in Supe Cory, AL Be 
much est: itics I 


i 
men on 


gallant 
t 
halles, 1748 

the Estra- 


world has chan 


dition or place). Obs. 
1725 Pore Odyss. xix. 697 To rest and joy Estrang’d since 
dear Ul sail'd to Troy! 1738 THomson Autumn 1158 
‘A solid Life, estrang’d To tment, and fallacious 
H. Brooke Fool of Quad. Vi. 152 (D.) Mr. 
Meekly long extranet himself to Enfield. 
+. To withhold from a person's perception or 
knowledge. Ods. i 
x61 Seep Hist. Gt. Brit. x. i. (1632) 1251 The designe 
being so estranged from the conceit of man, 1614 Eart 
Stietinc Doomesday, 10th Hour (R.), Their faults are told, 
Which had been still estrang’d from them before. 
Hate Prim, Orig. Man. w. Vv. 338 None of which ways are 
from the knowledge of those experienced 
2. To render alien ; to regard or treat as 
to sever from a community; to remove (posses- 
sions, subjects) from the ownership or dominion 
of any one. arch. 


“ee 


1 Act 14-15 Hen, VIII, c 4§ 1 . .estraunge 
themself from tha obeysaunce. 1548 UDALL, etc. 
Erasm. Par, Bphit. 1 ‘ou wer vtterly astraunged from the 


ESTRANGED. 


title and felowship of the nation of Jewes. 1577 HanMER 
Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 92 He should not estrange or cut off 
all the Churches of God which retained the tradition of old 
custome. @ 1600 Hooker Or For conversion of infidels 
estranged from the house of God. 161x Biste Yer. xix. 4 
They haue forsaken mee, and haue estranged this place, 
and haue burnt incense in it vnto other gods. 1872 
Brownine Fi/ine lviii, I say, I cannot think..such gain Can 
ever be estranged. 
+b. To pa away from oneself, eschew. Ods. rare. 
1613-6 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. v, God will be seene his 
sentence changing, If he behold thee wicked wayes 
estranging. . a 
+e. To render ‘foreign’ or dissimilar in 
character. Ods. 
1727 Pore, etc. Art Sinking 108 Technical terms, which 
estrange your style from the great and general ideas of 


nature. ; 
3. To alienate in feeling or affection. Const. 


Srom, or simply. 

1494 Fasyan vil. 644 The duke of Brytayne began to 
estrange hym from the Kyng and refusyd to come vnto his 
| age 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. ii. (1634) 119 

he wicked..which are altogether estranged from God. 
1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 2. § 1 Minding .. to estrange and 
alienate the Minds and Hearts of sundry her Majestys Sub- 
jects from their dutiful Obedience. 1606 Hottanp Sxefon. 
gt With Ivlia he lived at the first in great concord and 
mutuall love ; but afterwardes hee began to estraunge him- 
selfe. 1681 Fraver Right Man’s Ref. 271 It is therefore 
his great Design, to estrange and alienate the Saints from 
their God. 1722 De For Moll Fi. (1840) 93, I was quite 
estranged from him in affection, 1768 Beattie JJinstr. 
1. xviii, His heart from cruel sport estranged, would bleed 
To work the wo of any living thing. 1780 Burke Sf. Econ. 
Ref. Wks. 1842 I. 253 You are going to estrange his majestys 
confidence from me. 1878 GLapsToNE Prim. Homer 106 
To direct them towards good persons .. and to estrange 
them from the bad. 

+b. zntr. for reff. To become alienated in 
feeling. Ods. rare. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. u. xxvii. (1739) 126 Perswading 
the King, that Foreign Princes estranged from him. .for 
some apprehensions they had of his departure from that 
way of Religion. 

+4. To change, render remote from one’s accus- 
tomed or normal condition ; to make unlike one- 
self; hence, to put beside oneself, madden. Ods. 

1547 J. Harrison E-rhort. Scottes Gjb, So farre did we 
estraunge our selfes, that wee could finde in our hartes to 
become seruile..to a forrein nacion. 1577 HanMER Avc. 
Eccl. Hist. (1619) 86 Being mad and sodainly estranged and 
bereft of his wits. 1598 Barrer Theor. Warres 1. ii. 10 
They sawe their souldiers so estranged from their former 
valour. 1622 WITHER Misty. Philar. (1633) 687 That neither 
wasting Cares.. Might from what she is estrange her. 

5. To render strange or unfamiliar in appearance ; 
to disguise. arch. 

@ 1637 B. Jonson Challenge at Tilt, Sure they are these 
garments that estrange me to you. 1875 [see Esrranc- 
ING f/. a]. : 

+6. pass. To be astonished. Ods. rare. [Cf. 
Sp. estrafiarse.] 

1658 A. Fox tr. Wurtz’ Surg. mi. xxi. 284 At which [pru- 
nella in throat] some Surgeons are estranged [orig. het welck 

ige voor een der..achten] and others do slight it. 

Estranged (éstréindzd), p7/. a. [f. EsTRANGE 
v.+-ED1,] 

1. In various senses of the verb. Now chiefly: 
Alienated in feeling or affection. Of manner, look, 
etc. : Indicating estrangement. 

1552 Hutoet, Estraunged, aliened, or put awaye, adéena- 
tus, a, um. 1630 RD Banians Introd., A countenance 
shy and somewhat estranged. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. 
Med. 1. § 46. 108, I beleeve that our estranged and divided 
ashes shall unite againe. 1650 ButwerR Anthropomet. 171 
These therefore, who are so salvage and far estranged from 
humane life. 1667 Mitton P, L. 1x. 1132 Adam estrang’d 
in look and alter’d style. 1826 Mitman A. Boleyn (1827) 52 
Nor passion .. nor the love Of kindred touch this earth- 
estranged heart, 1837 Lytton Z. Maltrav. 27 His last words 
had been uttered in estranged tones. 1860 Pusey J/ix. 
Proph. 448 An estranged dress betokened an estranged heart. 

sol, 1877 Sparrow Serm. xiii. 180 The estranged are 
reconciled, man is brought nigh to God. 

+2. Foreign. Oés. 

1615 Latuam Falconry (1633) 36 These kindes of hawkes 
do leaue these countries, and all other estranged places, 

Estrangedness (éstr2indgédnés). [f. prec. + 
-nESS.] The state or condition of being estranged; 
alienation in feeling or affection. 

1645 Prynne Vind. Four Questions 2 (L.) The greatest 
token of estrangedness or want of familiarity one with 
another. 1662 Eart Orrery State Lett. (1743) Il. 434 The 
estrangedness of the Irish papists. @ 1677 BARRow Serv. 
(1716) I. 60 Instead of a suspicious estrangedness .. will 
spring up an humble confidence. 1825 CoLeriIpcE Azds 
Ref, (1848) I. 96 By estrangedness and distance from God. 
1869 S. WitBerForcE Oxf Lent Serm. 1 The long Gentile 
estrangedness. 

+ Estra‘ngeful, a. Ods. [ f. EsrrancE v. + 
-FUL.] Foreign in appearance, strange. 

1613 Cuapman Masque [uns of Court Plays 1873 III. 92 
Buskins embrodered with gould, and enterlac’t with rewes 
of fethers ; Altogether estrangfull and Indian like. 

|| Estrangelo, estranghelo (estrengélo). 


Also 8estrangel, y estrangela. [Syriaclly sbco ? 


estrangeld; Noldeke accepts the view of Assemani 

that the word is a. Gr. orpoyytAos rounded] An 

archaic form of the Syriac alphabet. Also a¢frib. 

73-6 7 a Estrangel, the Estrangelus character, 
ou. III. 


805 


a particular species or form of Syriack letter serving as 
capitals. 1751 CHAMBERS Cyc/. s.v., The Abyssinians. .still 
occasionally use the estrangel character. 1853 H. BurGrss 
Hymns Ephraem Syrus Introd. 93 The four gospels in 
the Estrangelo character. 1883 Palzogr. Soc. Kacsimiles, 
Orient. Ser. vin. Pl. xcix, A small, elegant Estrangela. 
Mod. The Estrangelo Syriac version of the Gospels. 


Estrangement (éstrzindzmént). [f. as prec. 
+-MENT.] The action of estranging ; the condition 
of being estranged ; separation, withdrawal, alien- 
ation in feeling or affection. 

1660 Jer. TayLor Duct. Dudit. m. ii. (R.), If excommuni- 
cation be incurred. .he that is guilty. .is bound to submit to 
estrangements and separations. 1736 Berketey D7sc. Ma- 
gistrates Wks. 1871 III. 429 The prevailing contempt of 

od’s word, and estrangement from his house. 1738-41 
Warsurton Div, Legat. v. § 1. Wks. 1811 V. 10 Moses, to 
prevent any such estrangement..was careful to acquaint 
the chosen Family..of their descent from one man and 
woman. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia II. v. v. 496 Appre- 
hending a greater estrangement of the mind of the Nizam. 
1848 Macautay Hist, Eng. 11. 261 The estrangement be- 
tween the King of England and the Prince of Orange be- 
came daily more complete. 1883 H. DrummMonp Nat. Law 
in Spir. W. v. (1884) 169 The estrangement of the soul 
from God. 

+ Estra‘ngeness. 00s. rave—'. [f. ESTRANGE 
a. +-NESS,] = STRANGENESS. 

1549 CHALONER Eras. Moriv Enc. N iva, The hearer, 
mervailyng at the estrangenesse of the devise. 

Estranger ! (éstr2indzo1). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who or that which estranges, parts asunder, 
or causes estrangement. 

1623 Drumm. or Hawtn. Cypress Grove Wks. 117 Death 
is the violent estranger of acquaintance. 1850 Mrs. Brown- 
inc Poems 1, 130 What estranger, What ill most strong in 
evil, can be thrust Between the faithful Father and the Son. 

+ Estranger?’. Ods. Also5-6 estraunger. [a. 
OF. estranger (mod.F. étranger) : see SYRANGER.] 

1. a. One belonging to another nation; an alien, 
foreigner. b. One belonging to another family or 
district ; a stranger. 

1471 Paston Lett. No. 664. 11. 421 The Kyngs gret enemys 
and rebellis acompanyed with enemys estrangers be nowe 
aryved. 1550 J. Coke Eng § Fr. Herald. § 59 (1877) 75 
Notwithstandyng this excedynge power of Estraungers, 
Heralde the usurper fought the battayle to th’ utteraunce. 
1586 FrrNe Blaz, Gentrie 297 That none of the family 
might alienate the coatearmor of their house, to the bearing 
ofan estranger. 1641 Termes de la Ley 148 Estrangers 
are .. sometimes they that be borne beyond the sea, r721- 
1800 in BatLey. ; ; 

2. Law. One who is not privy or party to an 
act, contract, title, etc.; = STRANGER. 

1594 West Symzbol. 1. § 36 Any act..to be done or per- 
formed .. by any estranger or estrangers to this present 
submission, 1622 Cats Stat. Sewers (1647) 183 There be 
two Joyntenants, and one of them and an estranger do dis- 
seise the other. 1714 Scroccs Cozurts-leet (ed. 3) 90 If the 
Beasts of another Man are .. agisting my Land .. and are 
taken by an Estranger, I shall have a Replevin. 1721-1800 
in BatLey. 2 : 

Estranging (éstrzindzin), vd. sd. [f. as prec. 
+-ING1,] The action of the vb. EstrancE, 

1574 tr. Marlorat’s Apocalips 43 The death of y® soule.. 
is an vtter estranging of the soule from God. 1607 HiERoN 
Wks. 1. 406 Ordinary estranging in body breedeth strange- 
nesse in affection. seer? Hare True Relig. m. (1684) 38 
There arise Schismes, Factions .. and studied estrangings 
of Professors of Christianity. 

Estra‘nging, //. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG2.] 

That estranges; cf. ESTRANGE v. 5. 
_ 1775in Asn. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. ut.59 The 
image of cold death, With his estranging agonies. 1875 
Howetts Foregone Conci. viii. 119 The four stood in the 
pale, estranging moonlight. 

+ Estrasngle, v. Ods. [ad. OF. estrangler 
(mod.Fr. érangler): see ASTRANGLE, STRANGLE. ] 
trans. = STRANGLE v.: in quot. to choke, 

_ 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 134/2 A woman. .had a sone dey- 
ing in whos throte was a bone of a fysshe thwart whyche 
estrangled hym. 

Estrapade (estripzid). [a. Fr. estrapade (cf. 
Sp. estrapada), ad. It. strappata, f. strappare to 
pull tight; app. of Teut. origin; cf. Ger. (Swiss) 
strapfen to draw, Ger. straff drawn tight.] 

1. The attempt of a horse to get rid of his rider 
by rearing and kicking. 

1730-6 in Bartey (folio). 1828 in Wesster. In mod. Dicts. 

2. Hist. A torture consisting in attaching a per- 
son’s hands and feet to a rope, drawing him up 
by them to a great height, and then letting him 
fall suddenly ; = SrRaPPapo, 

1856 Froupe Hist, Eng.1. 404 He [Francis] could ill 
afford to forsake a religion which allowed him so pleasantly 
to compound for his amatory indulgences by the estrapade. 
bid. (1858) I. v. 423 The estrapade was an infernal machine 
introduced by Francis into Paris for the better correction of 
heresy. 

Estray (éstrai-), sd. and a. [a. AF. estray, vbl. 
sb. (taken concer.) f. estrazer to stray : see ASTRAY.] 

A. sb. Law. A stray animal; ‘any beast not 
wild, found within any Lordship, and not owned 
by any man’ (Cowell). 

(292 Briton 1. xviii. § 3 Weyf ou estray nent chalengez 
de eynz le an et le jour si soit al seignur de la fraunchise.] 
1594 West Symbol. ii. Chancerie § 37 The like is it of an 
Estray or a Deodand. c¢ 1640 J. SmytH Lives Berkeleys 
(1883) I. 334 All such Estrays and Cumelings as. .should 


ESTREAT, 


taken or found upon the Abbots demesnes. 1714 Scroccs 
Courts-leet (ed. 3) 105 The Estray shall be proclaimed in 
the two next Market Towns. 1765 BLackstone Comm. I. 
298 Any beast may be an estray, that is by nature tame or 
reclaimable. 1776 in Stonehouse A -rholme (1839) 145 The 
Lord’s Bailiff, or receiver of estrays. 1850 Loner. By Fire- 
side, Pegasus in Pound vi, The. .village crier.. proclaiming 
there was an estray to sell. 

b. transf. 

1581 LamparpE Liven. (1602) 589 Many things haue 
escaped me vnseen..and it shall not bee harde for fim that 
meeteth with such Estrais to take and lodge them in their 
right Titles here. 1741 RicHarpson Pamela (1824) I. Ixxvii. 
432 This happy estray, thus restored, begs leave by me to 
acknowledge its lovely owner. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. 
Xxxviil. (1856) 350 This poor little wanderer was an estray 
from his fellows. 1881 E. C. SrepMaN in Scribnx. Mag. Oct. 
817 How he seizes on some promising estray. 

B. adj. Of an animal: That is astray. rare. 

1865 Nicuots Britton I. 216 Things found, which do not 
belong to anybody, as wreck of sea, beasts estray [orig. 
estravagauntes] rabbits, hares, etc. 

Estray (éstréi), v. arch. [ad. OF. estraz-er : 
see ASTRAY v.] zvtr. To STRAY. /¢. and jig. 

1572 R. H. tr. Lauaterus' Ghostes (1596) 199 If the 
auncient Fathers had so doone, they had not estrayed so 
farre from the Apostles simplicitie. 1600 TouRNEUR 77ransf. 
Met.\, The lambes that sometime did estray. 1602 DanieL 
Hymen’s Tri, w. iii, This nymph one day..Estrays apart, 
and leaves her Company. 1660 tr. Aszyraldus’ Treat. 
Relig. 11. ix. 289 How could it be that men should so pro- 
digiously neglect the glory of God, unless they were estrayed 
from their end, since they were made for it? 1855 SINGLE- 


Ton Virgil 1. 44 One of the sisters led Gallus estraying by 


Permessus’ streams To th’ Aon mountains. a@1864 Haw- 
THORNE Lng. Note-bk. (1879) I. 261 Just estraying a little way. 

Hence Estray'ed ff/. a., that has strayed. 
Estray ‘ing vé/. sb. 

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 7. § 5 Estraied cattell claimed 
and proued by the owners. 1580 SipNEY Arcadia i11. (1622) 
310 ‘The sweete touch of that hand seemed to his estrayed 
powers so heauenly a thing, etc. 1598 Yonc Diana 318 
But euermore despaire.. From former course of minde doth 
cause estraying. 1620 J. WILKINSON Cor. & Sheriffs, Crt. 
Leets 140b, And likewise you shall present all such cattel 
estraied as shall usually come within your office. 1883 
W.R. Wituiams in Butler's Bible-Wk. 1. 366 The shepherd 
seeking his estrayed sheep, 

Estrayte, obs. form of Esrreat. 

+E‘stre. Os. Also 3 eastre, 4 ester‘e, 
hestre, 5 esture, estyr. [a. OF. estve being, con- 
dition (in pl. = sense 2), orig. a subst. use of estre 
(mod.F. étve) to be. In sense 2b this was in Fr. 
already confused with another word,=Pr. estra 
fem., of unknown etymology.] 

1. Condition of being, way of life, position, cir- 
cumstances ; also, a state of things. 

c1300 A. Adis. 5467 To wite of Alisaundres estre .. Grete 
wille had Porus thekyng. c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 4563 Siker 
pou be pat al mi pine & alle mine estris ichil telle be. ¢ 1330 
R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 94 He told him of alle be estere, 
pat him mette pat nyght. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 272 What 
shall I telle unto Silvestre Or of your name or of your estre. 
a@x400 Sir Perc. 1559 Thay..talked and tolde Off othir 
estres fulle olde. 

2. concr. a. A place; places generally ; hence 
the parts about a country; localities, a region ; 
also an estate, dominions. 

c¢ 1208 Lay. 3583 Leir is an is londe, icume ouer sa streme 
to isen is eastresse. 1303 R. Brunne //andl. Synne 10586 
So long he [Tumna] leuede yn bat estre Pat for hys name he 
hy3t Tuncestre. ¢ 1330 — Chron. (1810) 891 To Wales is 
William schaken, estres to spie. /did. 145 He bouht Two 
maners tille his estre. /déd. 212 Jon regned in pis estre 
kyng auhten 3ere. c 1430 Lypc. Bochas. m1. v. (1554) 74a, He 
gan espie thestres of the place. c 1440 Bone ‘lor. 293 He 
toke hym come To spere the estyrs of Rome. 1480 Caxton 
Chron. Eng. ccxxiii. 221 The noble baron of stafford priked 
hir hors vp and doune by the hylles for to kepe the estres 
[ed. 1520 estrees] of the countrey. i 

b. Chiefly 7. Apartments, dwellings, quarters ; 
the inner rooms in a house, divisions or alleys in 


a garden, etc. 

a@ 1228 Ancr. R. 296 Brouhte o brune alle hire huses [v. ~. 
eastres.] a 1300 Cursor M. 2252 (Cott.) His esters sal we 
see ful suyth. c1300 . Adis. 7611 Y wol sende hire love- 
drewry, And hire hestris ekeaspye. c 1330 47th. § Mer. 816 
At hir dore and hir fenester Hadde y blisced and ech ester. 
¢ 1350 Will. Palerne 1768 3ede a grom of grece in be gardyn 
to pleie to bi-hold pe estres & pe herberes so faire. ¢ 1385, 
Cuaucer L. G. W. 1711 Lucrece, The husbonde knew the 
estris wel & fyn. ¢1400 Beryx 556 For thow knowest better 
then I, al the estris of this house, go vp thy selff and spy. 
c 1400 Rom. Rose 1448, I wente.. Aboute the place ; it was 
not left, Tyl I hadde all the gardyn bene In the estres that 
men might sene. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xix. vii, Pleaseth 
it yow to see the estures [printed by Caxton eftures] of this 
castel. 1775 in Ash. , 

3. App. used for: Fruit, produce. 

at E. E. Psalter \xiv [Ixv.] 11 Fele falde his estres in 
pe land [Vulg. weudtiplica genimina ejus (sc. terre)). 

Estreat (éstr7‘t), sb. Zaw. Forms: 6 es- 
trayte, -eyt, 6- estreat. Also 5-7 aphet. strete, 
(5 streete). [a. AF. estrete, OF. estraite (in law 
Lat. extracta), fem. sb. from pa. pple. of estraire 
to extract :—L. extrahére, f. ex out + trahére to 
draw. Cf. Fr. extrait ExTRact.] ; 

1. ‘The true extract, copy, or note of some ori- 
ginal writing or record, esp. of fines, amercements, 
etc., entered on the rolls of a court to be levied 
by the bailiff or other officer’. (Wharton.) 

39 


ESTREAT. 


[1292 Britton 1. xxii. § 7 belay levé qe contenu 
ne fust en les estretes de noster Escheker.] 1440 Promp. 
Parv. 480 Streete, are bok to ler mercy- 
mentys. 1479 in my Gilds (1870) 421 The seide Toune 
clerk to ¢ vp his Stretys vnto the Baillifs. xg1q Firz- 
HERB. Just. Peas (1538) 137 b, Shall be bounde and shall 
make t! x F. Tare Househ. Ord. Edw./1, 
§ 24 (1876) 17 clarke of the market .. shal deliver 
..the stretes into the warderobe. 1641 Termes de la Ley 
178 Greene waxe .. signifies the estreats of issues, fines, 
and amercements. Secr. Serv. Money Chas. § 

‘as. (Camden Soc.) 160 To supply the estreats of the patents 
in a 16th year of King Ch. 24. 1857 Tout. Situ Parish 
107 Est 


is copies—of all the fines and forfeitures 
im Srusss Const. Hist. 11, xvi. 452 note, The 


posed, 
estreats or rs poe of the — taxation. 

transf. ¥ Liste Du Bartas, Noe 158 What are they 
but estreats of those originals? Wherof th’ Almighty word 
engroue the portrature. 

b. Clerk of the Estreats (see quot.). 

1667 E. Cuamsertayne St. Gt. Brit. 1. 1. xiii. (1743) 120 
The office of the Clerk of the Estreats is to receive every 
term the estreats or extracts out of the office of the Remem- 
brancer. 1721-r800in Bamey. 1833 Crass Technol. Dict. 

+2. transf. in pl. The fines themselves and other 
payments enforced by law. Obs. 

c 1550 Plumpton Corr. 255 He did receive xi. over and 
above your rents and your estreats. 1630 in Nichols 
Churchw. Acc. St. Margarets Westm. (1797) 40 John 
Fennell and Ralph Atkinson collectors of the estreats for 
repair of Brentford Bridge and Knightsbridge. 1640 Order 
Ho. Commons in Rushw. Hist. Coll. ut. (1692) I. 154 The 
said Clerks Wages, and the several Fines and Estreats. 


Estreat (éstr7‘t), v. [f- prec. sb.] 


1. trans. To extract or take out the record of 


(a fine, bail, recognizance, etc.) and return it to | 


the court of exchequer to be prosecuted. 

1523 Fitzners. Surv. 28 The issues and profytes of them 
are estreyted by the sayd iustices, and returned in to the 
kynges escheker. 1649 Se_pen Laws Eng. u. xi. (1739) 5 
If they were not arrayed, then the Recognizances of ae 
as undertook the work, are estreated. 1737 Col. Rec. Penn. 
IV. 256 Lest their Recognizances dooukt be estreated. 1827 
Hatram Const. Hist. (1876) II. xiii. 8 The fines thus im- 
posed upon jurors had been estreated into the exchequer. 
Mod. The recognizances were ordered to be estreated. 

2. Joosely. To exact (a fine) ; to enforce forfeiture 
of (anything). 

1647 BovLe Agst. Swearing Wks. 1772 VI. 24 The poor 
..seem to have a title..to the amerciaments that are es- 
treated upon trespasses against their Lord. 1843 Lever 
¥. Hinton xix, The old farmer saw his tricks confiscated, 
and his games estreated. 

Estreg, var. of EstricHE, Oés. 

Estren, obs. form of EASTERN. 


Estrepe (éstr7‘p), v. Law. [ad. OF. estrepe-r 
=Pr. estrepar:—L. exstirpare to root up (see Ex- 
TIRPATE).] ¢vans. (See quot.) 

1672 Cowett /nterpr., Estrepe, to make Spoil by a 
Tenant for Life in Lands or Woods, to the prejudice of him 
in the Reversion. 1721-1800 in Baitey. In mod. Dicts. 

Estrepement (éstr7‘pmént). Forms: 6 es- 
treppement, 7 estrepment, -ipament, 7-8 es- 
trepament, 8-estrepement. Also 7 aphet. strep- 
ment. [a. AF. estrepement, f. estreper : see prec.] 

1. ‘Wasting’ of lands, es. ‘Any spoil or waste 
made by tenant for life, upon any lands or woods, 
to the prejudice of him in reversion ; also, making 
land barren by continual ploughing’ (Wharton). 


Writ of estrepement (see quot. 1768: this was | 


abolished by 3 and 4 Will. IV. c. 27). 

1503 Will of Copynger (Somerset Ho.) ,W* oute eny estrep- 

ment or wast. 1607 CoweLt /nterpr., Estrepement or 

stripament. 1736 Baitey, Estrepament. 1741 T. Rosin- 
son Gavelkind i. i. 151 Without doing any Estrepement, 
Waste, or Exile. 1768 Biackstone Comm. III. 225 And 
the writ of estrep t lay at the cc 
any waste which the vanquished my might be tempted 
tocommit. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

+2. (See quot.) Obs. 

In cases of felony and Petit Treason the king had the 
right of estrepement, i.e. of cornring te felon’s lands for a 

and ‘wasting’ them to his heart’s content. This 

Saue to the injury of the lord of the fee, it became custom- 
ary to compound with the king for the right of estrepe- 
ment, which came to be represented merely by a fine. 

cx640 J. SMytu Lives Berkeleys (1883) 11. 435 Estrep- 
ments, goods of fugitives and of convict, attainted, out- 
lawed, and wayved persons. 

+Estre'te. Ods. rare. it OF. estraite in 
same sense :—L. extracta: see EsTREAT.] Extrac- 
tion, origin ; hence, nature. 

Se Conf. 1. 87 Toward this vice of which we 
trete There ben yet tweie of thilke estrete. 


E:strich, estridge. [var. of Osrrion, q.v.; 
and cf. Pr. estrus.) 


+1. = Ostricu. Ods. 

1480 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 585 Fu , a ffynch [vel 
an Estrich, secundum pb at a ssa Sic. r0% Phyllyp 
Sparowe 478 The esti , that wyll eate An owe. 
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 124 The Estrich disgesteth harde 
yron to = his health. 1606 Suaxs. Ant. § Cé. mt. 
xiii. 197 To be furious, Is to be frighted out of feare, and 
in that moode The Doue will pecke the Estridge. a 1653 
G. Dantet /dyil iv. 7 The Estrich may digest A Broken 
Rocke, and on a Plough-Share feast. 1687 A. Lovett tr. 
Bergerac's Com. Hist. Moon U1. 72 A kind of Estridge. 

2. (See quot.) 

Branpve Dict, Sc., Estrich, the commercial name of 
ne down of the ostrich, 1858 Simmonps Dict, Trade. 


the 


law ..to stop | 


| (Surtees) III. 91 In xiij bord. de Estriche emp. 
Beati Wilfridi exaltando 2s. 2d. 1459 Bury Wills(Camden | 


Howard | most parte of them 


306 
Extridge, the fine soft down which lies under the feathers 


ostrich. 
3. — and Comé. Se 
ill Somerset Ho.), Ci ii 
Pag lg by pe 


Point the 


Estridge-like, To di 
Trinarch., Hen. V, cxcvii, Everie Bow .. 
Scarfe, each Shaft, an Estrich Plume. [see Estery 
FEATHER]. 1715 tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. iI. i. = 
This Tree bears a Flower. .about the bigness of an ich- 
Egg. 1812 J. Smytu Pract. of Customs 255 Ostrich, or 
Estridge wool, is used as a substitute for beaver. 

+Evstriche. Ots. Also 1 6ast-rice, 5 aust- 
—_ — 8 estreg. [f. East+ RICHE ; 
cl, -RIC. 

1. a. An eastern kingdom or country. b. In 
OE. sfec. The East-Frankish kingdom. 

893 O. Z. Chron. (Parker MS.), Her on pysum geare for 
se micla here..eft of east rice westweard. a 1200 
Trin, Coll. Hom. 45 Pe kinges be comen of estriche. 

2. attrib. Zstrich board: aj plied to timber 
coming from Norway or the Baltic. 

[It is not quite certain that this is rightly placed here; cf. 
Ger. estrich floor (which however strictly means a plaster 
floor). But the similar use of estlande (see EasTLanp) 
strongly supports the view here adopted.) 

1350 Proclam. in Riley Mem. Lond, (1868) 261 Divers 
boards of estrichesborde. .6/. 12s. 4d. 1354 Mem. Ripon 
ro feretro 


Soc.) 242 Duo scabella de estryche board. 1481-90 
Househ. Bhs. (Roxb.) 23, Xij aaerige boorde, and viij. other 
boordes. 1514 /#v. Goods in Gentl. Mag. (1834) CIV. 1. 47 
In the parlour, a table of Estriche bourde with ij tristells. 
1706 Puitups, Estreg bords, Boards, Deal or Firr, brought 
from the Eastern Parts. 1715 in Kersey. 1866 Rocers 
Agric. & Prices 1. xx. 489 The better kinds [of boards] 
were called estrich and wainscot. 

Estrin, obs. form of EASTERN. 

|| Evstro. Ods. [It. estro ‘ poetic rage’ (Baretti), 
ad. L. estrus in same sense, lit. gadfly.]_ Inspira- 
tion, irresistible impulse. 

1606 Marston Parasitaster 1. Diij, With..this same 
Estro, or Enthusiasme.. Will we goe rate the Prince. 

+ Evstuance. Oés. [f. as next: see -ANCE.] 
Heat, warmth. 

1818 in Topp [with quot. from Sir T. Browne; the pas- 
sage occurs in Pseud. Ep. v. xxi, but edd. 1646, 1650, 1658, 
1672, 1686 read estuation.) Hence in later Dicts. 

+E'stuant, a. Ols. Also 7 Aistuant. [ad. L. 
estuant-em, pr. pple. of w#studre to boil, be in- 
flamed.] Boiling hot. 

c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 434 Yit leve a litel hool oute 
atte to brethe, Thaire heetes estuant forto alethe, 1633 [see 
ZEstTuantT). 


Estuarial (estiz,érial), a. [f. L. astudri-um 
+-AL.] Of or pertaining to an estuary. 
So Estua‘rian a. = ba 


1883 Standard 12 May 3/5 The construction of the estua- 
rial works. 1880 WepsTteR Suppi., Estuarian. 


Estuarine (e'stivdrain), a. [f. Estuary or L. 
estuari-um, after analogy of mar-ine, lacustr-ine: 
see -INE.] Ofor belonging to an estuary; esp. of 
strata, etc. formed or deposited in an estuary. 

1849 Murcuison Siluria xii. 297 The lowest estuarine 
zone of Scotland. 1858 Geikie Hist. Boulder x. 193 The 
remains of .. estuarine..organisms. 1880 A. R. WALLACE 
Ist. Life vi. 102 Clearly marked shore and estuarine deposits, 


matnaey (e‘stivari). Forms: 6 estuarie, (7 
estuar), estuary; also Aistuary. [ad. L. 
wstudri-um, prop. adj. ‘tidal’, hence a_ tidal 
uae} or opening, f. ws¢us heat, boiling, bubbling, 
tide. 

1. gen. A tidal opening, an inlet or creek through 
which the tide enters ; an arm of the sea indenting 
the land. rare in mod. use. 


1538 Letanp /tin. V. 29 A greate Sande with a shorte 
Estuary into the Lande. 1665 Maney Grotius’ Low C., 


Warres 219 Two Castles .. sufficiently defended .. by the 
Estuary of the Sea. 1782 W. Gitrin Wye (1789) 128 The 
finest est (Cardiff] we had seen in Wales. 1825 Heser 


¥Frni. (1828) 11. xxi. 389 The country resembled extremely 
a large aestuary, but studded with rocky islands. 
Sronenouse A-rholme 53 The word Fleet means an estuary 
or arm of the sea. 1880 HauGuton Phys. Geog. v. 238 The 
La Plata..is rather an estuary of the sea than a river, 

2. spec. The tidal mouth of a great river, where 
the tide meets the current of fresh water. 

15.. Stow Annales (1615) 3 The Riuer of Taus..breaketh 
into the German sea, and at y® mouth forceth great estuars 
or armes of the sea. 1798 Skrine Zour S. Wales (T.), The 
river swells into a t estuary, and in sight forms the 
Bristol Channel, a 1804 W. Gitrrn (T.), Among the solitary 
birds, which frequent the estuaries of rivers. Lye. 
Princ. Geol, 1. 265 Estuaries (a term which we confine to 
inlets entered both by rivers and tides of the sea). 1853 
earn “ae a a gpg Mie of suc 
tributaries. UXLEY siogr. 212 deposits 
of silt .. skirt the estuary of the Clyde. ox 

+8. A place where liquid boils up. Ods. 

1684 Boye Wks. (1772) IV. 799 Whether... over the 
westuary. .there arise any visible mineral fumes, 

transf. 1825 New Monthly Mag. XV. 50 Bacon was ac- 


vata ee 
LE. 


Chiistities tare’ 

. like a Ae 1706 Paasive, 

sometimes peeled. = EstvaRInNE). 

gg pe ey 

fe . Vi. 

etc. 1884 Daily News 7 Oct. 6/1 
have reaped a tive 

harvest, the rod men have had little or no fishing. 

Estuate, var. ff. ZESTUATE, -ATION. 

+ Estu'diant. 0Ods. [a. OFr. estudiant, pr. 
pple. of estudier: see Estupy v. Cf. Stup1ant.] 
A om: 

1481 Caxton Myrr. m. vii. 142 

estudyaunt in grece. F. . 526 
porns try y* own, ioe Sere . 
‘dy, v. Obs. Forms: 3 astudie, 5-6 
estudie, -ye. [a. OF. estudier (mod.F. éudter 
Ci ‘Pr. 


Tomunson Renou’'s Disp. 
stuary 


.. beyng 
sent y® 


penched 
wel swude. 1474 Caxton Chesse ui. iii. (1860) B viij b, 
Theyr offyce is. .to estudye —— such wyse..so that 


isso J. Coxe Eng. § (1877) 107 The 
wel estudied in the Gin), God. 
+Estu'dy, 52. Obs. [a. OF. estudie Stupy, 
f, L. studium.] Care, desire, zeal; = Stupy sd. 
Caxton Cato Eiij, They dyd put all theyr estudye 
one knowe the faytes or deden of aun: =r 
— Golden Leg. 221/3 They bothe were of one loue, of one 
estudye and of one wylle. 
|| Estufa (estezfa). [Sp. estufa, heated room, 
vapour bath, corresp. to It. stufa, OF. estuve 
(mod.F. étuve) ; of Teut. origin: cf. OHG. stupa 
(Ger. stube room): see Stove.] An underground 
chamber, in which a fire is kept constantly burn- 
ing; used by the Pueblo Indians of Spanish North 
America as a place of assembly. 

1875 ParkMAN in NV. Amer. Rev. CXX. <a or 
subterranean chambers .. where the men of the community 
meet for social, deliberative, and religious pu _ 
L. H. Morcan tdid. CXXIII. 83 Circular fas found 
connection with the new Mexican pueblos. 1881 — Con- 
trib, Amer. Ethnol. 148 The regular time for meeting in 
the estufa is the last day of December. 

+Estuo'sity. O/s. [f L. wstuds-us (see Zis- 


ruous) full of heat, f. astus heat + -ITy.] A 


heated state or condition. 

1657 Tomiinson Renon's Disp. 222 It..tempers the estu- 
osity of the blood. 1710 Futter Pharm. Extemp. 158 A 
Refri ing Expul .. tempers flatulent E ities of 
the iesichonirin: 1730 [bid. (ed. 4) 153 Heat, Estuosity, 
Erosions of the Stomach, and Thirst. 

Esture, var. form of AisturE, Ods. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. xu. 111 The seas retain .. their out- 
rageous esture there. 1782-1800 in Battey ; 1828 in Wes- 
sTeR; and in mod, Dicts. 

Estward(e, obs. form of EastwARD. 

Estyme, obs. form of EsTEEM. 

Estynct, var. of Exrincr v. Obs. 

Esundire, obs. form of ASUNDER. 

a1400-50 Alexander 338 He had gedird his grese & 
grune paim esundire. 

+Ersure. Ods. rare—'. [f. 2- ppl. stem of 
edére to eat +-URE.] The process of eating. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp. 338 More suave and whol- 
some both for medicinall uses esu: 


+ Eswrial, a. Obs. rare—. [ad. L. asurialis, f. 
ésurizs hunger.) Pertaining to hunger, given up 


to fasting. 

aay in Biounr Gi . 1708 Mottrux Rabelais v. 
i, These esurial idle Days (Fr. feries eswriales). 

+Esu'riate, v. Obs. [f. L. 2suri-2s hunger + 
-ATE3,] intr. To hunger. 
1623-6 CockrraM, Essuriate [sic > 
Esurience (‘siiivriéns). [f. L. asurtent-em, pr. 
pple. of ésurire: see EsurteNT and -ENCE.] ’ 
state of being esurient ; hunger, appetite ; ‘ needi- 
ness and greediness ’. 

1825 Covertpce Lit, Rem, (1836) 11. 338 Esurience .. the 
origin and interpretation of whose name is found in the 
Saettes root Semitic : 872) 53 Ti nn poke mo Yisate 

L. Vu, (1672 = 
bat imbedded +. in such indolences pe esuriences as had 
made strange work with it. ay Ber me Study Ben 
Fonson 40 No pr beyond the of . .Is sug 
Zested for the villainy of Subtle. 

Esuriency (‘siiivriénsi). [fas prec. + -ENcY.] 
The quality or state of being esurient; fondness 
for eating. 

1819 L. Hunt Jndicator No. 12 (1822) I. 9 His third era 
of esuriency takes in house of a gentle- 
man. 1833 New Monthly Mag. XXXVI. 223 That were 
as endless as Mr. Dando’s infinite esuriency. 1886 W. S. 
Litty Chapt. Europ. Hist, 1. 30 The eye speaks of nothing 
but dull esuriency, 


ESURIENT. 


Esurient (‘siiiriént), a. [ad. L. aserient-em, 
pr. pple. of éswrire to be hungry, desiderative 
vb. f. és- ppl. stem of edéve to eat.] ; 

A. adj. 1. Hungry: in early use chiefly fig. 
Now humorously pedantic in lit. sense, or (with 
reminiscence of Juvenal’s Greculus esuriens) in 
the sense ‘ impecunious and greedy’, ¢ 

@ 1672 Woop Life (1848) 107 He [A. Wood] might advance 
his esurient genie in antiquities, especially in‘ those of the 
said universitie, 1691 — Ath. Oxon, Il. 867 He was as 
esurient after fame as Tom Coryate. 1790 J. WitLiams 
Shrove Tuesday (1794) 32 Esurient Ruin shall be taught to 
spare Those altars congregated Virtues rear. 1833 Lams 
Elia, Pop. Fallacies,To sit esurient at his own table, and 
commend the flavour of his venison upon the absurd strength 
of his never touching it himself, 1837 Cartyte /7. Rev. 1. 
1v. iv, He is an esurient, unprovided A gvorcate ;. Danton by 
name. 1854 BapHam /alieut. 476 Juvenal’s picture of an 
esurient Greek. 1858 Sat. Rev. VI. 5509/2 ‘The English 
Cabinet annually avails itself of the delightful facility thus 
afforded to esurient ichthyophagi. 1881 Sfectator 15 Jan. 
81 Untrustworthy, esurient, broken attorneys, 

b. transf. 

1710 Futter Pharm, Extemtp. (1730) 156 Calcin’d Harts- 
horn. .must needs. . leave its Pores empty and esurient. 

"| 2. catachr, Pertaining to appetite or the love of 
eating; gastronomic. 

1821 New Monthly Mag. 1. 438 Esurient and bibulous 
reminiscences ooze from its surface. 1652 Blackw. Mag. 
LXXI 749 Let them..extend the esurient knowledge of 
their race. inculcate educational cookery. 

B. sé. A greedy person. 

1691 Woop A Zh. Oxon. (1817) III. 965 An insatiable esu- 
rient after riches and what not. 

Hence Esu-riently adv., hungrily. 

1883 G. A. MacDonnett Chess Life Pict. 106, I..was 
waiting esuriently the appearance of the committee in order 
to commence our refection. 

+ Esurine, ¢. and sd. Ods. Also 7 essurine. 
[ad. mod.L. ésurin-ws, app. irreg. f. eseuriés 
hunger ;_ used by Paracelsus in the sense ‘ pro- 
moting appetite’, with reference to medicaments 
of an acid nature; subsequently (in pre-scientific 
chemistry) used as the distinctive epithet of mineral 
acid salts, and sometimes interpreted as ‘ eating, 
corrosive ’.] 

A. adj. a. Promoting appetite ; also, inclined to 
eat ; (of the appetite) voracious. b. Having the 
nature ofa mineral acid ; corrosive. Esurine salts: 
“such asare of a fretting or eating quality’ (Bailey). 

[ax54x Paracetsus Buch v. den Tartarischen Kranckh, 
(1589) 246 Nuhn ist Esurinum Acetosum ein Artzney die 
von ihrer Natur den Magen so hungerig machet dass er 
begert zu essen vnessentliche Speiss, und aber was er begert 
das verzehrt er, «1644 Van Hetmont Paradoxa 1. § 10 
Wks. (1704) 650 Sal quoddam hermaphroditicum metallorum, 
quod defectu nominis esurinum sive acetosum re et nomine 
vocari ceepit.] 165r Biccs New Disp. 218 Digestible, esu- 
rine, and depascent ferment. 1652 Frencu Vorksh. Spa 
vi. 55 By esurine salt I understand .. a certain acid vapour 
applicable to all Metals and Minerals. 1662 H. Stuspe /1d. 
Nectar vii. 156 Whatever will saturate that esurine [ prizted 
esurive] Humour upon the Stomach. 1669 W. Simpson 
Hydrol. Chym, 2 Every vitriol is made of an essurine salt, 
¢1676 Wiseman (J.), The air of Hampstead in which .. 
there is always something esurine and acid. 1687 P. 
Manan Tunbr. Waters in Hari. Misc. 1. 591 If at dinner 
you have an esurine appetite, take care not to eat too 


much. 
+ B. sb. Ods. A medicine which proyokes appe- 
tite or causes hunger. 

1775 in Asx ; hence in mod. Dicts. 

+ Bsu-rion. Obs. [ad. L. ésurion-em in same 
sense, f. gurire: see ESURIENT.] A hungry fellow. 
1656 in Biounr Glossogr. 1704 in Cocker. 1775 in Asu. 
+ Seurt ton. Obs. [f. L. esurire: see Esu- 
RIENT and -TI0n.] The state or condition of being 

hungry. 1678-96 in Puituirs; 1775 in AsH. 

Et, ME. variant of Ar prep. 

Et, obs. form of Ear. 

-et, suffix, forming diminutives from sbs., repre- 
sents OF. -ef masc., -efe (mod.F. -e¢te) fem., cor- 
resp. to Pr, -et, -eta, Sp. -ito, -ita (also -ete, -eta 
in adopted words), It. -etto, -etta :—Com. Romanic 
-itto, -itta, of unknown (?non-Latin) origin. In 
Eng. the suffix occurs chiefly in Fr. words adopted 
into ME., as dasnet, bullet, crotchet, fillet, gullet, 
hatchet, mallet, pocket, pullet, sonnet, tablet, turret, 
etc.; most of these are now used without any 
consciousness of their original diminutive sense. 
The distinction in form between the masc. and 
fem. suffixes was not often observed even in ME. ; 
the spelling -efe however occasionally occurs for 
OF. -efe, as in folete PuLLET; in adoptions from 
mod.F, in 16th and 17th c. -e¢ represented Fr. 
-ette as well as -et (e.g. in facet, islet); in more 
recent adoptions the latter usually remains as 
-ETTE. The suffix has been little used as an Eng- 
lish formative, though words like r7veret are found 
in 17th c. writers. Certain Fr. diminutives formed 
with -e¢ on sbs. ending in -e/ (either diminutive or 
adjectival) have been adopted into Eng., and have 
given rise to the suffix -LeT, which has been largely 
employed to form diminutives in Eng. \ 


307 


Etacism (é'tasiz’m). [f. Gr. 77a, é#a, the name 
of the letter 7, after the analogy of LAMBDACISM 
(Gr. AapBdaxopds).]. The ‘ Erasmian’ pronuncia- 
tion of the Greek letter 7 as (@) or (¢) as dis- 
tinguished from the ‘Reuchlinian’ or modern 
Greek pronunciation (7). Cf.Iracism. So E:tacist, 
one who practises or upholds etacism. 

“ig ee Rosinson tr. Buttmann’s Gr. Gram, 23 note, 
The rasmian [mode of pronunciation] is also called Eta- 
cism (e like @ in hate). 

I Etagére (etazer). [Fr. éagére, f. éage shelf, 
story.] A piece of furniture having a number of 
shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving 
articles of elegance or use. 

1858 SimmMonps Dict. Trade, Etagere, a piece of cabinet 
furniture; a what-not, side-board, dumb-waiter or set of 
shelves. 1884 NewYork Herald 27 Oct. 1/4 Etageres. 

E:tamine. Also 8 etamin. [a. Fr. 4amine: 
see EsTaMIN.] 

+ a.=EstaMIN (ods.). b. (see quot. 1884.) 

1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 378 Etamins fine. .Etamins common. 
1884 West. Daily Press 13 June 7/6 Etamine, a sort of em- 
broidered canvas..likely to be worn at spas. 1886 PadZ 
Mail G. 3 June 8/1 A..dainty chemiset of cream étamine. 

Ete., an abbreviation of Er cETERA. 

Et cetera, etcetera (ct)setéra). Also et 
ceetera ; often abbreviated as ete., &c. [a. L. e¢ 
cetera (et and + cétera, often written cetera, the rest, 
neut. pl. of *cétevas the other).] 

1. As phrase; And the rest, and so forth, and so 
on (cf. Gr. xal td Aorta, Ger. und so wetter), in- 
dicating that the statement refers not only to the 
things enumerated, but to others which may be 
inferred from analogy. Occasionally used when 
the conclusion of a quotation, a current formula 
of politeness, or the like, is omitted as being well 
known to the reader. 

A custom formerly common, but now nearly disused ex- 
cept in certain government offices, is to write‘ &c., &c.’ in 
the addresses of letters, as asubstitute for the titles of office 
or dignity affixed to the name of the person addressed. 

1418 £. £. Wills (1882) 37 Also a gowne.. in ward, &c. 
a1450 Kut. de la Tour cxiii. 154 Not to foryete the coun- 
tesse moder unto the erle et cetera. 1532 More Con/ut. 
Tindale Wks. 612/1 The woordes of saynt Paule, It is impos- 
sible that they whiche haue once been illumined, &c. 1640 
in Rushw. Hest, Codd. III. 1. 1186, 1 A. B. do swear, That 
I do approve the Doctrine and_Discipline..established in 
the Church of England .. nor will I ever give my Consent 
to alter the Government of this Church by Archbishops, 
Bishops, Deans, and Archdeacons, &c. 1745 J. Evron in 
Hanway Trav’. (1762) I. v. Ixvii. 306, I beg you will not lose 
one single thought upon me. Iam, &c. 1860 Al/ Y. Round 
No. 47. 497 In the name of the indigent classes themselves 
..etcetera. JZod. I remain, Yours, etc. 

2. As sb. Also pl. etceteras. a. The phrase 
as aname for itself. Also attrid., as in Eécetera 


Oath, a form of oath which the convocation of | 
~ 1640 attempted to impose on the English clergy : 


see quot. 1640 in I. 

1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. JV, 1. iv. 198 Come wee to full Points 
here, and are et cetera’s nothing. 1640 in Rushw. //zst. 
Cold, (1721) III. 11. 1206 This Clause is administer’d with an 
&c. which we conceive was never tendered in any Oath be- 
fore now. 1640 Lp. Dicsy Sf. 9 Nov. ibéd. IV. ut. 31 Be- 
sides the bottomless Perjury of an Et cetera. 1640 Sir J. 
Curerer zéid. IV. 11. 33 Besides the Et cetera Oath. 
1656 Heyiin £xtr. Vapulans 208, I thought our Author 
had been such an enemy to all efceteras, because of the 
mysterious import..which they carry with them. 1681 Zss. 
Peace & Truth Ch. (Fly Leaf), The Year 1640, when the Et 
cetera Oath was imposed. 1709 Appison Zatler No. 133 
P 7, I have by me an elaborate Treatise on the Aposiopesis 
call’d an Et cetera. 176x Hume Hist. Eng. 111. liii. 147 
An oath which contained an ef cetera in the midst of it. 
1853 Brimley Ess, 24 Sept. 293 Even then, a comprehensive 
et cetera would be needed for supernumeraries. 

b. as substitute for a suppressed substantive, 
generally a coarse or indelicate one. 

1592 SHAKS. Rom. & Ful. u. i. 38 (Qq.). 1611 CoTGR. s.v. 
Bergamasque. 1643 Myst. Inig. 43 It is concluded .. be- 
twixt the two E¢cextera’s, that a Cessation of Armes. .should 
bee agreed on. 

e. A number of unspecified things or (impro- 
perly) persons. 

1656 Cow.ry Jfisc., The Chron. x, A pretty Thomasine, 
And then another Katherine, And then a long Zé cetera. 
1746 Brit. Mag. 331 A Gardner, and a long &c. of Heroes 
fell for our Sakes. 1824 Miss Ferrier Jer. ix, Milton, 
Spenser, and a long et cetera of illustriousnames. 1868 M. 
Pattison Academ, Org. ii. 37 The powers .. conferred on 
the Chancellors, including an etc. of consuetudinary privi- 
wal Phas Newspaper, There were present Messrs. A., 

sess oes 
d. 7/. only: Things usually included under the 
phrase etcetera; usual additions, extras, ‘ sundries’. 

1817 Keatince Trav. I. 232 Various fanciful forms of 
puddings, forced meats, minced meats, and indescribable 
et-ceteras. 1838 Dickens Wich. Nick. xxvi, Fifty guineas 
a-year without the et-ceteras. 1862 Gifts §& Graces v. 62 
‘The thousand little etceteras which had to be done the day 
before the move. 1884 Bazaar 22 Dec. 664/2 These et- 
ceteras, by the by, must be much in the children’s way, 


4 3. as vd. (cf. 2b). 
baw fi H. Kinestey Silcote of Sil. \xi, I am etcetera’d if I 
stand It. 


Hence various whimsical nonce-words, as Et« 
ce‘terarist, Etce’teraize v., Etce'teraly adv. 


ETCHER. 


1822 Blackw. Mag. X11. 56 To write critically, scientifi- 
cally..etceteraly. 1831 Fraser's Mag. 111.67 He. .sowed 
his wild oats of course—soberized—etceteraized. 1834-37 
Soutney Doctor clxxvi. (1848) 462 The benevolent and 
erudite etceterarist of Bealings. 

Etch (etf), sd. [contracted form of EppisH.] 

1. a, = EppisH 2a; b. = EppisH 2 b. 

@. 1573 Tusser Husé. (1878) 85 Eat etch er ye plow, with 
hog, sheepe and cow. 1669 [see EppisuH 2]. 

. 19727 Brapiey Fam. Dict.s.v. Corn, Let the Dung 
be laid upon the Etch, and sow it with Barley. 1795 Scots 
Mag. LVII. 817/1 We observe wheat sowing after wheat, 
and likewise upon weak barley and oat etchés. 1846 J. Bax- 
ER Libr. Pract. Agric. 11. 209 Left foul after a crop of 
white grain .. the stubble or etch is shallow ploughed. 

2. attrib., as etch-crop (see quots. ). 

1707 Mortimer Husd. (J.), When they sow their etch 
crops, they sprinkle a pound or two of clover on an acre. 
1727 Brapiey Fam. Dict.s.v. Corn, The next Crop, which 
they call the Etch-crop, [they sow it] with Oats, Beans, Pease, 
&c. 1806-7 A. Younc Agric. Essex (1813) I. 206 Every 
where you hear a condemnation of all etch or after crops, 
such as clover, pease, beans, tares, or oat. 

+ Etch, zv.! Ods. or dial. [f. prec. sb.] intr. 
To sow an after-crop. Hence E:tching wd/. sd. 

1806-7 A. Youne Agric. of Essex (1813) I. 210 Crops and 
fallow is better than etching. 

Etch (et{), v.2 [a. Du. etsen, a. Ger. dtzen to 
etch :—MHG. etzenx, atzen:—OHG. exjan, azjan to 
cause to eat or to be eaten = Goth *atjan (in fra- 
atjan to distribute for food) :—OTeut. *azja, causa- 
tive of *efanz to Eat.] 

1. trans. To engrave (metals, sometimes glass, 
stone) by ‘eating away’ the surface with acids 
or other corrosives; chiefly, to engrave by this 
process (a copper or other metal plate) for the 
purpose of printing from it. Hence, to produce 
(figures), copy or reproduce (pictures, drawings, 
etc.), represent or portray (subjects) by this method. 

Inetching plates to be printed from, the metal is covered with 
a protective varnish called the ground, and the lines of the 
design are drawn through this substance with an ‘ etching- 
needle’; the acid is then poured over the ground, and acts 
on the plate only where its surface has been exposed by the 
needle. The vb. is also used of the production of designs 
on polished metal, es. steel, by means of acids, the designs 
‘etched’ appearing dead or clouded; also of the similar 
ornamentation of glass, the agent in this case being fluorine. 

1634 J. Blate] AZyst. Nat. 140 Vhereupon must be pounced, 
drawne, or traced, the thing that you are to etch. 1662 
Evetyn Chalcogr. 72 The incomparable Landskips set forth 
by Paul Brill (some of which have been Etched in Aqua 
fortis by Nieulant). @ 1691 Boye Ws. (1772) III. 459, I 
have very seldom seen lovelier cuts..than I have seen made 
on plates etched, some by a French and others by an Eng- 
lish artificer. 178x W. Givpin in M/rs. Delany's Corr. Ser. 
u. III. 38 A nephew of mine. .thinks he has skill enough in 
his art to etch the drawings in aqua tinta. 1799 G. SmitH 
Laborat. 1. 231 To etch 100 or more Knife-blades at once. 
1854 J. ScorreRN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 370 The piece 
of glass to beetched. 1857 Mrs. JAMEson Sacr. § Leg. Art 
(ed. 3) Pref., All the Illustrations, which were formerly etched 
on copper, have been newly etched on steel. 

b. transf. and jig. 

1768 STERNE Sent. Fourn., Captive, With a rusty nail he 
was etching [upon a stick] another day of misery, 1851 
Loner. Gold. Leg. 1. Crt.-yard of Castle, The swift and 
mantling river .. Etched with the shadows of its sombre 
margent. 1863 HawtHorne Old Home, Lond. Suburb 
(1879) 244 Hours of Sabbath quietude, with a calm variety 
of incident softly etched upon their tranquil lapse. 1870 
Lowe. Study Wind. 54 The shadows. .of the bare boughs 
etched with a touch beyond Rembrandt. . 

2. absol. and intr. To practise the art of etching. 

1634 J. Blare] Ayst. Nat. 134 It is impossible for 
one ever to Grave or Etch well except he can draw well 
with the pen. /did. 140 The Plate you are to etch upon.. 
[must be]. .ouerlaid .. with a ground made for the purpose. 
1662 W. FairHorne (¢itde), The Art of Graving and etching. 
1768 W. Gitpin Ess. on Prints 150 Swanevelt .. etched in 
the manner of Waterlo. 1 T. THomson Chem. (ed. 3) 
II. 199 The property which this acid has of corroding glass, 
has induced several ingenious men to attempt, by means of 
it, to.. etch upon glass. 1854 J. ScorFerN in Orr's Circ. 
Sc. Chem. 370 The operation of etching upon glass. 

8. To corrode. Zo etch out: to eat out (by an 
acid, etc.). 

1664 Power Ex. Philos. 1. 90 The cylinder of Quick- 
silver will seem cragged and itch’d [7 Errata etch’d], and 
never purely aioeth and polished. 1875 Sir J. W. Dawson 
Life's Dawn 101 By acting on the surface with a dilute 
acid we etch out the calcareous part. : ; 

4. Comb., etch-water, the acid used in etching. 

1799 G. Smitu Ladorat. I. 230 To prepare the etch-water. 

Hence Etched (ett), AAp/. a. 

1847 (¢it/e), Sixty Etched Reminiscences of the Models in 
the University Galleries, Oxford, by Sir F. Chantrey. 1877 
Kare Toompson Handbk. Picture Gaill., His etched works, 
which are so numerous and well-known. 

+ Etch, v.3 [? var. of Epc v.1] = Epcx v.1 6. 

1691 Ray Creation u. (1701) 245 Without shifting of sides 
or at least etching this way and that way more or less. 

Etch, v.4 var. of EcHE v. Obs. Zo etch out, to 


eke out. See EKE z. 3. 

1682 D’Urrey Butler’s Ghost 73 And none like him had 
e’re the skill To etch and lengthen out a Bill. ¢ 1698 Locke 
Cond. Underst. (1813) § 29 Terms .. found in some learned 
writers, to which they had recourse to etch out their systems. 

Etcher (e'tfo1). [f. Ercu v.2+-rr1.] One who 
etches. 

1662 Evetyn Chalco, 


. 56 Giovanni Maggi was an ex- 
cellent Painter and 


tcher, 1713 Guardian No.1 ? 1 
39 -2 


ETCHING. 


Engravers, artists by way of mezzo-tinto, etchers, and the 
like. 185: Ruskin Stones Ven. 1. Pref. 10 A carefull 
penned outline for the etcher. 1862 THornsury 7urner I. 
245 Vivares, a Frenchman .. a beautiful etcher of trees .. 
was born 1709. 1870 /d/ust. Lond. News 29 Oct. 446 The 
ueen..is an accomplished etcher. 
(etfig), vd2. a 4 as prec. + -ING1. 

1. The action of the vb. Ercu; the art of the 
etcher. eae 

1634 J. Blare] Myst. Nat. 140 Etching is an imitation 
Engrg, but more speedily perf . ax6gr Boy.e 

. (1772) ILI. 459 The art of etching, whereby cope and 
silver plates may be enriched with figures. 1762 Hume 
Hist. Eng. \xxi. § 27 Prince Rupert .. was the inventor of 
etching. 1845 J. Pye Patron. Brit. Art ii. 50 Etching is 
not my profession, } 

2. concr. A copy or representation produced by 
the process of etching; an impression from an 
etched plate. ; 

1762-71 H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. ( 1786) I. 244 
His etchings for Aesop’s fables and view of Bruges were 
much esteemed. 1783 Cowrer Lett. Wks. (1876) 127, I 
have an etching of the late Chancellor hanging over the 
parlour chimney. 1860 C. SANGSTER Sonn. 161 These leaves 
are merely etchings of the artist. 

b. transf. ere 

1765 STERNE Tr. Shandy Vu. Xxxil, Never is my imagin- 
ation so busy as in framing his responses from the etchings 
of his countenance. oe 

8. attrib., as etching-club, -needle, -printing, 
-varnish, -wax ; etching-ground, the composition 
with which the metal plate, etc. is covered pre- 
paratory to etching. 

¢1790 Imison Sch. Art 11. 51 Take a copper plate peopesed 
as before .. lay the etching ground upon it, and etch the 
outlines of your design. 1821 Craic Lect. Drawing vii. 
374 The use of such a cushion has. . been generally laid aside, 
since the etching-needle has been employed. 1860 Presse 
Lab, Chem, Wonders 162 Etching varnish is made of virgin 
wax and asphaltum. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II. 298 One 
process of engraving on glass is carried out by covering the 
glass with an etching wax, etc. 1878 Hamerton Engraving 
in Encycl. Brit. VUI. 444/2 Etching clubs, or associations of 
artists for the publication of original etchings. 1885 Book- 
seller 5 Mar. 311 Etching Printing has recently received 
especial care and attention. : 

Etchist (e'tfist). [f. as prec. +-18T.] A jocular 
synonym for ETcHER. 

1888 Punch 16 June 282/2 James the First, Etchist, is no 
longer President of the R. S. B.A. 

Ete, obs. form of Ear. 

Eteliche, var. ATELICHE adv. Ods., grievously, 
cruelly. 

e1175 Lamb. Hom. 123 He hit forgulte eteliche pa pe he 
tuhte and spuhte pet folc to cristes cwale. 

+E-ten, e‘ttin. O/s. Forms: 1 eoten, eten, 
3 eatand(e, -ante, eotand, -end, -ind, 3eten, 
4eten(e, -in, yhoten, 4-5 etayn/e, 6 Sc. eitin, 
etin, eyttyn, 7 ettin. [OE. colen, eten = ON. 
zptunn Sw. jatte, Da. jette) :—OTeut. *ituno-z.] A 
giant. 

c120§ Lay. 1801 Heo funden i pon londe twenti eotandes 
[c 1275 eatantes] stronge. /déd. 17275 Hit hatte bere Eotinde 
King. c12zgo Gen. & Ex. 545 Of hem woren de 3etenes 
borne, Mi3ti men, and fizti. a1300 Z. £. Psalter xviii. 6 [xix. 
5] He gladed als yhoten to renne his wai. ¢ 1325 Leg. Rood 
(1871) 118 Quen dauid fa3t againe pat etin has he no3t his 
staf for-3etin. c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Ant. 723 He werrez.. 
Bope wyth bullez & berez, & borez ober-quyle, & etaynez. 
c1380 Wycuir Serm. Sel. Wks. 11. 111 No man is an etene 
to fede him pus bodili of Crist. c1440 M/S. Lincoln A. 1. 
17. f. 128 (Halliw.) Fy, he said, thou foule! thou etayne! 
Alle my knyghtes thou garte be slayne. 1528 LynpEsay 
Dream Ep. to King 45 Off the reid Etin [v. ». Eitin] and 
the gyir carlyng. 1349 Compl. Scot. 63 The taiyl of the 
reyde eythyn vitht the thre heydis. 1611 Beaum. & FL, 
Kut. Burning Pestle. ii, They say the King of Portugal 
cannot sit at his meate but the Giants and the Ettins will 
come and snatch it from him. 

+ E-tenish. 0O/s. Forms: 1 eoten-, etonisce, 
3 3eteniss. [f. Eren +-7sc, -1sH.] Gigantic. 

axo00 Beowulf 1559 He..zeseah on searwum size eadiz 
bil eald sweord eotenisc. /bid. 2616 And his um atbzer 
brun fagne helm hringde byrnan eald sweord etonisc. c 1250 
Gen. & Ex. 3715 Zetenisse men ben in ebron. 

+Eteostic, eteostichon. Ols. rare. [f. 
Gr. éreo-s, gen. of éros year + orix-os row.] = 
CHRONOGRAM. 

a 1637 B. Jonson E-xecr. Vulcan 36 Had 1 .. pump’d for 
those hard trifles, Anagrams, Or Eteostics. 1882 J. HiLton 
Chronograms 378 A book .. contains this eteostichon, said 
to be the cemetery of St. Severin [Paris]. 

+ Ete‘rminable, a. Ods. rare—'. Also eter- 
mynable. [f. E- pref.3 (here = In-) + TERMIN- 
ABLE.] That cannot be terminated; without ter- 
mination or end ; eternal. 

@ 1528 Sxetton Death Earl Northumbid. 199 Bring unto 
thy joye eterminable The soull of this lorde. 1847-78 Hat- 
LIWELL, Etermynadle, interminable. R 

+Eternable, ete'rnable, ¢. 00s.~° [ad. 
L. awternabilis, f. xterndre to make rpetual, 
f. wternus : see ErerNE.] Capable of being made 
eternal or everlasting. 

Xr Battey (folio), Zternable. So i77s in Asn. 

(ztdnal), a. and sé. Forms: 4 eter- 
nale, -eel, (5 eternaile Sv.), 5-7 eternall(e, 6 
eeternall, 4- eternal. [a. OF. e/ernal, -e/ (mod. 
F. éternel) = Pr. and Sp. e/ernal, It. eternale, ad. 
late L. wterndlis, f. etern-us: see EveERNE and -AL, 


308 


1 i and uses the word is the 
- es oe iwvios, f. aidy age, Zon.) 
A. adj. 


1470 Henry Wadlace 1. 180 Eternaile God, suld I 
i Clone, Gra) 
despise. 1526 Piler. Perf. (W 
se se. ‘ £(W. 
de W. 1531) 2 b, We shall se the father of heuen and. his 
eternall sone our epg chryst. 161z Biste Deut. 
xxxiii. 27 The eternall is thy refuge, and vnderneath 
are the euerlasting armes. 1667 Mitton P. L.1. 25 That to 
the highth of this great Argument I may assert th’ Eternal 
Providence. a1zag CLarkE Sevm. I, iv. (R.), The eternal, 
supreme cause, has. epee - ‘ion of all things. 
a 1800 Biair Serm. III. xix. (R.), The ancient philosophers 
Repr. Mom, Goethe Wks, (Bohn) 1. ape The old. Eternal 
epr. Men t Se ) I. 392 e€ Ol ternal 
Genius who built the world. . 

b. By those who hold that time, z.e, the rela- 
tion of succession, pertains merely to things as 
viewed by finite intelligence, and not to absolute 
reality, the word as used of God or His actions 
is interpreted in the sense: Not conditioned by 
time ; not subject to time relations. 

Phrases in which the word has properly this sense are, 
however, often used in religious language without any 
definite recognition of the metaphysical theory which they 
imply, being taken as figurative expressions of the divine 
ommnuiscience, 


1651 Hosses Leviath. 20 Names that signifie nothing 
. as. .eternal—Now, and the like canting of School 


ETERNALITY. 
Painters, Song to Delia, On » th’ eternal tear shall 
flow ; The unceasing breathe of thee. 1792 Burke Pres. 


State Affairs Wks. VII. 106 These accounts. .tend to make 
an eternal between the powers. 
Muir at Edinb. for Sedit. 3 The Lord 
Sen ail ross) 06 Delight Shel cell 
1. xiii. (1 1 ful et 
which a been will 
lonian P’cess 11. 301 Hours .. passed in the bosom of 
eternal mountains. | to oe Hist. Europe 1X. Wii. 
. wrapped in 


incessant, always i 
1787 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) II. 164 My answers to the 
1: 1825 C t Rur. Rides 
dings we read nal 


would then d 
@. nonce-use. Having an ‘ eternal’ resolve. 

1606 Suaxs. 77. & Cr. v. ii. 166 Never did young man 
fancy With so eternal and so fix’d a soul. 

5. Of truths, principles, divine or natural laws, 
etc.: Valid through all eternity, immutable, un- 
alterable. 

[1604 Hooxer Ecc/. Pol. 1. § 2 The law wherby he [God] 
worketh is eternall, and therfore can have no shew or colour 
of bilitie.] @ 1688 Cupworth (tit/e) A Treatise con- 


1793 TI. Taytor Sadlust xiii. 64 note, The eternal (rd aivviov) 
says Olympiodorus, is a total now, exempt from the past 
and future circulations of time, and totally subsisting ina 
present abiding now; but the perfetual (rd aidvov) subsists 
indeed always, but is beheld in the three parts of time, past, 
present, and future. a@ 1834 CoterincE, This eternal (¢.e. 
timeless) act [the sacrifice of Christ] He manifested in time. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II1. 620 The past and future are 
created species of time, which we unconsciously but wrongly 
transfer to the eternal essence; for we say indeed that he 
was, he is, he will be, but the truth is that ‘he is ’ alone 
truly expresses him, . 

2. Infinite in past duration; that has always 
existed. 

1690 Locke Hum. Underst. 1v. x. § 10 If we suppose bare 
matter without motion, eternal ; motion can never begin to 

» 1707 Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 245 Asserting the 
World to be Eternal, in Contradiction to the express Hexts 
of the Holy Scripture. F 

3. Infinite in future duration; that always will 
exist ; everlasting, endless. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sec. Nun's T. 34 Thy maydens deeth, 
that wan thurgh hire merite The eterneel yf. 1526 TINDALE 
2 Cor.iv, 18 For thinges which are sene, are temporall : but 
thynges whiche are not sene, are eternall. 4 Asp. 
Hamitton Catech. (1884) 3 All levand in ane hoip of the 
eternal glore. 1579 SrenseR Sheph, Cal. Dec. he 
power of herbs..which be wont to work dermal slow. 
1660 Jer. Taytor Worthy Commun. 1. iv. 74 Christ was .. 
admitted to the celestial and eternall priesthood in heaven. 
1752 Hume Pol. Disc. x. 155 There is very little ground. .to 
conclude the universe eternal or incorruptible. 1827 Pottox 
Course T.x,'To the evil.. Eternal recompense of shame and 
woe. 1834 J. H. Newman Par. Sern, (1839) I. ii. 18 Judg- 
ment upon theeternal soul. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's 
C. xl, An eternal, inexorable lapse of moments is ever hurry- 
ing the day of the evil to an eternal night, and the night of 
the just to an eternal day. 

"| The New Testament expressions e/ernal life, 
death, punishment, etc. are here referred to sense 3, 
this being the sense in which the adj. in such 
contexts is ordinarily taken. Other meanings 
have, however, been assigned to it: (a.) Some 
theologians interpret it in the etymological sense, 
which is also that of Gr. aidwmos, ‘ lasting for an 
age or ages’; (d.) others regard the adj. as ex- 
pressive of a notion of gwa/ity in the conditions 
which it designates, either in addition to, or in- 
stead of, the notion of endless duration (cf. 1 b). 

1853 Maurice 7heol. Essays (ed. 2) 451 Sp ala te ng 
stitutes Eternal Life, and..the loss of it is Eternal th. 
1882 Farrar Early Chr. 11, 366 The word eternal, far 
from being a mere equivalent for ‘ everlasting’, never means 
* everlasting’ at all, except by reflexion from the sub ives 
to which it is joined. 1 a C. Fintayson Biol. Relig. 87 
A human soul might be immortal. .and a might never 
have what is distinctively called ‘eternal life’'—the true 
spiritual life of fellowship with God. 

b. éransf. Pertaining to eternal things; having 
eternal consequences. 

1605 Suaks, AZacb.1, v. 21 This eternall blason must not 
be To eares of flesh and bloud. 1732 Law Serious C, iii. 
(ed. 2) 44 He has liv'd without any reflection. .in things of 


such e moment. 

4. rhetorically. Said of things to which endless 
continuance is ascribed hyperbolically or in rela- 
tive sense. ternal city (L. urbs xterna): a de- 
signation of Rome, occurring in Ovid and Tibullus, 
and frequent in the official documents of the 
Empire. 

¢ 1460 Forrescur Ads. § Lim. Mon. (1714) 84 Their Re- 
nowne wol beeternal. 1555 Even Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 
49 An eternal testimonie of absolute glory. 1609 HoLtanp 

mm, Marcel. xxu. ix. 202 A certain region or quarter of 
that eternall citie [wrdis aterng] Rome. 1697 Drypen 
Virg. Past. x.71 To .. climb the frozen Alps, and tread t! 


cerning Eternal and Immutable Morality. @ 1700 DrypEN 
(J.\, Hobbes believed the eternal truths which 


1791 Burke Let. to Memb. Nat. Assembly Wks. V1. 64 It is 
ordained in the eternal constitution of thi that men 
[etc.]. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon (Bohn) 


I. 381 It was the nature of things, the eternal law of man.. 
which baulked and ruined him. 1855 Brimtey Zss., Tenny- 
son 82 To exhibit some of the eternal elements of tragedy 
still in operation among us. 

6. Eternal Flower, aname for the Xeranthemum ; 
also called ‘everlasting’. 

1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. xxvi. 388 Eternal Flower 
has an imbricate calyx with the inner scales mem 

7. ‘Used to express extreme abhorrence’ (Schmidt). 
Now vulgar or dial. : 


1601 Suaks. Ful. C. 1. ii, 160 There was a Brutus once, 


| that would hate brook’d Th’ eternall Diuell to keepe his 


State in Rome. 1604 — Ofh. 1. ii. 130, I will be hang’d, if 
some eternall Villaine Haue not deuis’d this Slander. a 1825 
Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Eternal, infernal, damned. .‘ Oh, he 
is an eternal rogue’! 

8. quasi-adz. 

161 Suaks. Wint. T.1. ii. 64 We were..Two Lads, that 
thought there was no more behind, But. .to be Boy eternall. 
1614 Row anps Fooles Bolt 36 Such sable colours should be 
worne, for them that do eternall mourne. 1671 Mitton 
P. R. 1. 391 What kingd Real or allegoric, I discern 
not; Nor when: eternal sure—as without end, Without 
beginning. | 

. quasi-sé. and sé. 

l. Zhe Eternal: God, the Deity. Cf. Fr. 
L’ Eternel (transf, Heb. mm JEHOVAH). 

1582 Nortu tr. Gueuara’s Diall Princes 189 The eternall 
(ed. 157 eternal creator] created this world in short space. 
1591 SHAKs. 7wo Gent. v. iv. 81 By Penitence th’ Eternalls 
wrath’s appeas’d. 1594 Hooker £cc/. Pod. 1. i. (1611) 3 The 
lawe whereby the Eternall himselfe doth worke. 1667 
Mitton P. ZL. 11. 46 His trust was with th’ Eternal to be 
deem’d Equal in strength. 1724 T. Ricners Reyal Geneal. 
ne 200 Having been summon'd to appear before the 

ribunal of the Eternal. , 

+2, =Erernity. Chiefly in phrase from eternal 
=L. ab xterno. Obs. 

16a2 S. Warp Life of Faith in Death (1627) 29, 1 
from eternall a sheepe destined to the slaugh . 
Srrurner True Happiness 65 Albeit we be in rom 
eternall. noe Youna Nt. Th, 1, 34 Eternal is at Hand, To 
1 ‘ime’s Ambiti 


3. pl. Eternal thin 


1649 Ronerts Clavis Bibi. 391 These ten spirituals, 
and eternals. .must be prudently disti: » 1652 GAUL 
Magastrom. 154 Angells .. adrainist not only in tem- 

i Ils, but likewise to Is. x 


in . 
Youn Nt. Th. i, All God-like Passion for Ete: 
uench'd; All Relish of Realities expir'd. 1840 De Quincey 
‘ssenes X. 265 A body of men so pig A pcan in the 
eternals of their creed, whatever might be of 
their practice. 1885 J. Martineau Z£¢thical Th. 1, 6 Acertain 
stock of eternals transmigrates through forms. 
Ete'rnalism. va7e. [f. prec. + -18mM.] The 
condition of being eternal ; an eternal character 
O08) Boro C B Lect. Pref. xvii, Religion 
1889 Boyp CArPenTer ton Lect, 4 i 
Px a sort of Bosrcclin to Weighaconiecne 
+ Eternalist. Os. rare. 
One who believes in the et 
world. 

T. Burnet 7%. Earth m. 23 Porphyry. .had the same 
principles with ese zeternalists in ve text..and thought 
the world never nor ever wou! undergo any hana 
Jbid. ut. 42 Those eternalists that denyed the doctrine of th 

hange and revolutions of the world, in 

Barney. 1828 in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. } Th 

+ Eterna ‘lity. Ods. [f. as prec. + -1TY. e 

condition or ty of being eternal ; eternalness. 


f. as +-187.] 
Dernier of the 


a 
nalyt { 


h’ 
eternal Snow. 1789 Wotcorr (P. Pindar) Sudjects for 


Cov. pe 288 QO! fili Altosioal Uclepyd Oy eter- 
Ce Tindale 4 ristes 
son also fot fe ers litie of the payne, and full 


“<= -. = 


ETERNALIZE. 


restitucion to Goddes fauoure. 1548 Upatt, etc. Zrasm. 
Par. Fohw viii. 66, lam that I am : sygnifiyng an eternalitie, 
and a nature that cannot chaunge. 

Eternalize (ts-maloiz), v. [f. as prec. + -1zE.] 

1. ¢rans. To render eternal in duration or character. 

1847 A. J. Davis in Fraser’s Mag. XX XVII. 134 It con- 
tains truth eternalised. 2850 R. Montcomery God § Man 
314 If the body of Jesus is thus substantially eternalised so 
will the bodies of the righteous be. _ 1890 J. Martineau 
Seat Authority in Relig. w. iii. 507 His personal manifesta- 
tion of what God is and" loves and eternalizes. 

b. hyperbolically. To prolong indefinitely, per- 
petuate. 

1808 Anz. Reg. 1806, 717 The second form of negotiation 
would eternalize the war. 1855 M. Arnotp Consolation 
63 The hour, whose happy Unalloy’d moments I would 
eternalize. 1859 Gen. P. THomrson Andi Alt. II. c. 92 
The grandest move .. ever made towards eternalizing the 
supremacy of money at elections. : } 

+2. To make eternally famous ; to immortalize. 

1620 SHELTON Qzzx. 1. xliv, And so with his burnt ashes 
+-Don Quixotes valour is eternalized. 1663 Rortock in 
Mrq. Worcester’s Water-Comm. Engine 9 This [the 
Water-Engine] alone were enough to eternalize his Name to 
all Ages. 1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. w. iv. (1852) 112 
The deaths of the heroes whose lives they have eternalized. 
1822 T. MitcHett Avristoph. I. 112 The gratitude of the 
Athenians. .eternalized the circumstance in songs, 

Hence Ete‘rnalized A/. a. 

1830 Fraser's Mag. 11. 267 We..have thus, in an article, 
placed some of the unfortunate gentleman’s productions in 
an eternalized form. 1884 Congregational Year-bk. 78 It 
is but His eternalized action. 

Eternally (ct5-mmali), adv. [f. as prec. + -Ly2.] 
In an eternal manner. 

1. Chiefly with reference to God: ‘From ever- 
lasting and to everlasting’. 

a 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W, 2226 Philomene, Thow..that 
hast wrought This fayre world, & bar it In thyn thought 
Eternaly [v.~, eternally] er thow thyn werk beganne. 1594 
Hooker £ccl. Pol.1. xvi, The lawe which God with hiinselfe 
hath eternally set downe. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 
1. iii. 86 If it were eternally altered, or eternally corrupted, 
then it was eternally, and eternally was not; it was eternally 
without alteration, and eternally altered. 1839 BaiLrey 
Festus (1852) 344 What comes before and after the great 
world. .God alone knows eternally. 

2. Without end; for ever; throughout eternity. 

¢ 1393 CHAucEeR Scogan 2 'To-brokene ben pe statutis in 
heuene Pat creat were eternally [v.7. eternaly] to dure. 
€ 1430 Sy. Gener. (Roxb.) ad fin., To heven blis forto wende 
Eternallie there to be. 1, Bk. Com. Prayer, Burial of 
Dead, Whosoeuer liueth, and beleueth in hym, shal not dye 
eternallye. 1595 W. C. CrarKe in Shaks. C. Praise 15 
Bartasse, eternally praiseworthie for his weeks worke. 1654 
Eart Orrery Parthenissa (1676) 575 Then the survivor, 
fetching two or three groans over his dead enemy, fell down 
eternally by his side. 1746-7 Hervey J/edit. (1818) 76 
Would they not bless the grave..and wish to lie eternally 
hid in its deepest gloom? 

b. hyperbolically. 

1664 Sir C. Lyrretton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 43 Y*S, 
eturnally. 

3. With perpetual recurrence; continually, con- 
stantly, incessantly. 

1670 Cotton Esfernonx Pref., The Duke himself being so 
eternally upon the Scene of Action, that we shall seldom 
find him retir’d. 1712 ArpuTHNoT Yohn Bull (1755) 31 The 
other was eternally drunk. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. 
§ 246, I found it eternally rung in my ears from all quarters. 
1884 F. M. Crawrorp Rom. Singer 1.14 Nor is he eternally 
pulling a pair of monstrous white cuffs over his hands. 

4. Immutably, unalterably. 

@ 1716 SouTu (J.), That which is morally good..must be 
also eternally and unchangeably so. 1878 Hoprrs Princ. 
Relig. viii. 26 There is such a thing as the eternally right 
and the unchangeably good. 

Eternalness (7tsmalnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The state or condition of being eternal. 

I Baitey (folio), Zternadlness, the being eternal. 1862 
F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 65 The texts of scripture 
declaratory of the eternalness of the Vedas. 1885 G. 
Merepitx Diana Crossw. III. x. 197 Her still-flushed 
senses protested on behalf of the eternalness of the passion. 

Eterne (7td-m), a. Obs. exc. arch. ( poet.) Also 
6-9 etern, 7-9 etern(e. [a. OF. eferne, ad. L. 
xtern-us, for eviternus, f. evum age.] 

1. = ETeERNAt a. 

¢ 1366 Cuaucer A. B.C. 56 Tostink eterne he wol my gost 
exyle, c1374 — Boeth. v. vi. 171 Pe comune iugement of 
alle creatures resonables than is bis bet od iseterne. 1413 
Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle v. ix. (1483) 100 By the kynge eterne the 
raunson fully shalle be a fa for man. 1423 Jas. 1. Kingis Q. 
cvii, The effectis of my bemes schene Has thaire aspectis 
by ordynance eterne. c¢ 1470 Harpinc Chron. cxv. xi, 
Saynt Edmonde. .dyed, and made his fare To blysse eterne. 
GH. Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) K_ vij b, 

ther thynges I fynd in the saied annales worthie of etern 
memorie, 1605 SHAks. Mach. m1. ii. 

Fleans liues. But in them, Natures Coppie’s not eterne. 
1647 H. More Song of Soud 1. . lii, gers he to higher 
earch, like bird in cage, Did skip, and sang of etern 

estiny. 1683 E. Hooker Pref, Pordage’s Mystic Div. 101 
An tern Beeing of Beeings. _ 17 . Ross Fratricide 
(MS.) vi. 28x On him shall fall Recaliation sevenfold and 
eterne. 1820 Keats Hyferion 1. 117 Open thine eyes 
eterne. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh mt. 754 An in- 
dividualism of the Infinite, Eterne, intense, profuse, 1877 
M. Arnotp Balder Dead 89 The prophetesses, who by rite 
eterne On Frea’s hearth feed high the sacred fire. 

2. absol, + a. In phrase fro eterne (= L.ab xterno), 
from eternity (ods.). b. The eterne: that which 


is eternal. c. Zhe Zterne: the Eternal, God. 


8 Banquo and his 


i ie ee 


309 


¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. ii. 153 Pe deuyne purueaunce .. 
pat alle pinges byholdep and seep fro eterne. 14.. 
Circumcis. in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 91 The name of names 
sacryd from eterne. 1613 W. Browne Sit. Past. 1. iv, O 
thou Eterne ! by whom all beings move. 1839-48 BaiLry 
Festus Proem (ed. 3) p. vi, And in the vast conditions of the 
eterne The possible, the probable. 

+3. quasi-adv. Obs. 

c1590 Howers Blessed Virg. 97, verily think and beleeve 
surely, That my Redeemer is eterne on live. 

+ Eterne, v. Ods. rare. [f. EreRNE a.] 

trans. To make eternal ; to eternize. 

1598 Syivester Du Bartas u. ii. ii. Babilon, Whose happy 
Labours haue your laudes eterned. 1606 /éid. u. iv. 1. 
Trophies, O Verse right-worthy to bee ay eterned ! 
Wks. (1621) 1118 Your name already is eterned In Memory’s 
fair Temple. 

+ Ete'rnify, v. Ods. [f. Ererne+ -(1)FyY.] 

trans. To make eternal. Hence the pa. pple. is 
used to translate Gr. duBpdatos. 

1610 Mirr. Mag., Winter's Nts. Vis. Induct., True Fame 
.. by her power eternifies the name. 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 
1. 162 Her wing’d shoes. . Formed all of gold, and all eterni- 
fied. 1818in Topp; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Ete‘rnish, v. Ols. Also 6 fa. pple. eternest. 
[f. EverneE a., or ad. F. éterniser: see -1Su.] 

trans. ®. To make eternal or perpetual. b. To 
make eternally famous, to immortalize. 

1579 Ly_y Euphues(Arb.) 126 If this order had not bene in 
our predecessors .. they had neuer bene eternished [ed. 1636 
eternized] for wise men. 1589 GREENE MZenaphon(Arb.) 56 
The angrie heauens. .haue eternisht thy exile. 1594 First Pt. 
Contention (1843) 72 Shall be eternest in all age tocome. 1594 
Martowe Dido1, A princess-priest..Shall yield to dignity 
a double birth, Who will eternish Troy in their at- 
tempts. : - 

+ Eternita‘rian, s?. Ods. [f. as next: cf. 
trinitarian.] A believer in the eternity (of the 
soul). Implied in anti-eternitarian, one who 
opposes this doctrine. 

ree EvizA Heywoop /emale Spectator (1748) 1V. 221 
Whether you read the works of these anti-eternitarians, or 
hear their discourse on that subject, etc. 

Ete'rnitize, v. nonce-wd. [f. EvERNIT-Y + 1ZE.] 
= ETERNALIZE. 

a3713 Evtwoop Elegy in Axtobiog. 208 Eternitiz’d be 
that right worthy Name. 

Eternity (7tsniti). Forms: 4 eternite, 4-5 
-yte(e, 6 -itie, 6-7 eternitie, -y, 6- eternity. 
[ME. eternite, a. Fr. eternité, ad. L. xternitat-em, 
f. eternus: see Ererne. Cf. Pr. eternitat, Sp. 
eternidad, It. eternita.] 

1, The quality, condition, or fact of being eternal 
(see the adj.) ; eternalness ; eternal existence. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. vi. 171 God is eterne. .lat vs con- 
sidere ban what is eternite. 14.. /wholdersin Vork Plays 
515 Euer withoutyn ende With the to reyne in thyne 
eternyte. 1447 BokENHAM Seyztys Introd. (Roxb.) 8 To 
magnyfye God in hys blysful eternyte. 1578 IT. N. tr. Cong. 
IV. India Pref, 8 Giving them knowledge of the eternitie, 
and holy trinitie in unitie. 1607 SHaks. Com. v. iv. 25 He 
wants nothing of a god but Eternity. 1653 WALTON Avgler 
i. 15 God injoyes himself only by Contemplation of his 
Goodness, Eternity, Infiniteness and Power. 1707 Curios. 
in Hush. & Gard. 246 There should always have been a pre- 
existing Matter, to establish his Opinion concerning 
Eternity. 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) I]. xvii. 125 An 
argument. .to prove the eternity of the world. 

b. hyperbolically. Perpetual or indefinite con- 
tinuance ; esp. ‘immortality’ of fame. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Hus. 1. 476 Thus maketh thai of thaire 
fertilitee In helping nature a feire eternytee. 1606 Hot- 
LAND Sxeton. 208 A desire he had..of zternity and per- 
petuall fame. 1611 Coryar Crudities, Orat. in praise of 
travel, Hercules. . purchased himselfe eternity ofname. 1611 
Tourneur Ath. Trag.1. i, Here are my Sonnes—There’s 
my eternitie. My life in them And their succession shall 
for ever liue. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti’s Archit. 1.28 b, The 
Vine exceeds even the Eternity of Time itself. 1877 Mrs. 
Outeuant Makers Flor. xi. 277 That eternity is brief which 
hangs upon the sentiments of any multitude. 

e. as atitle: cf. ‘ Your Majesty, Grace’, etc. 

179t D'Israett Cur. Lit. (1834) I. 264 Their [Eastern 
Emperors’] subjects address them by the titles of ‘ Your 
Perpetuity, your Eternity.’ 

. The eternities: (in vaguely concrete sense) 
things eternal; the eternal truths or realities. 
Frequent in Carlyle, and often cited (sometimes 
derisively) as characteristic of his style. 

1843 CartyLe Past § Pr, Wks. 1858 IX. 253 Truly, ifa 
man cannot get some glimpse into the Eternities, looking 
through this portal,_through what other need he try it? 
1878 Mortey Carlyle 165 We begin with introspection and 
the eternities, and end in blood and iron. 

2. Infinite time. The total eternity, which has 
neither beginning nor end, may be regarded as 
divided by any moment into two eternities: the 
past eternity (in scholastic language aternitas a 
parte ante), and the future eternity (aternitas a 
parte post). ence the applications of the word 
in this sense may be classed as follows: 

a. Absolute eternity, having neither beginning 
nor end. 

1587 Gotpinc De Mornay i. 6 The eternitie hath not any 
thing either afore or after it. 1667 Mitton P. Z.11. 148 
Those thoughts that wander through Eternity. 1802 PaALEy 
Nat. Theol. xxiv.(1819) 396 Eternity is a negative idea, 
clothed with a positive name. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith 
1. 132 Infinite time is called eternity. 


ETERNIZE. 


b. The two ‘eternities’. 

1656 CowLey Pindar Odes, The Muse Notes 25 There are 
two sorts of Eternity ; from the Present backwards to Eter- 
nity, and from the Present forwards. 1678 CupwortH 
Intell. Syst. 119 The Ancient Atheists..did at once deny 
both Eternities to the World: Past and Future, 1850 Mrs. 
Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxii, The soul awakes. . between two 
dim eternities—the eternal past, the eternal future. 1874 
H. Reynotps Yohn Baft. ii. 63 The introduction of the first 
man into the world.. was a dividing line between the 
eternities, 

ce. The past eternity. 

1651 Hospes Leviath. u. xxvi. 148 ‘ Natural’ are those 
which have been Lawes from all Eternity, 1812 Cocan 
Theol. Disg. 1. i, (R.), A first cause ; who, being uncaused, 
must exist from eternity. 

d. The future eternity ; time without end. 

c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. vii. 58 Pou wilt maken com- 
parisoun to be endeles space of eternite. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 
xu. 556 Beyond [time] is all abyss, Eternitie, whose end no 
eye can reach. 1713 Appison Cato v. i, Eternity, thou 
pleasing, dreadful thought .. Through what new scenes and 
changes must we pass! 1801 SoutHEy 7halaba 1x. xiv, 
They, with their Leader, through eternity, Must howl in 
central fires. 1827 PoLtok Course of T. v1, Slowly numbers 
o’er The mighty cycles of eternity. ; 

3. Hyperbolical uses of 2: A space of time felt 
as ‘endless’; a term indefinitely remote. 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 239 Those Grey Kentish Bricks 
. will last to Eternity, 1703 MaunpreLL Journ. Ferus. 
(1732) 90 With such absolute firmness as if it had been 
design’d for Eternity. 1813 Byron Géaour 272 ‘Tho’ in 
‘Time’s record nearly nought, It was Eternity to thought. 
1856 H. Miter Zest Rocks ix. (1857) 354 A few more worlds 
..to which the destroying flood does not reach, save once 
or twice in an eternity or so. 

4. In expressed or implied contrast with /2me. 

a. In metaphysical sense (cf. ErerNAL 1 b): 
Timelessness; existence with reference to which 
the relation of succession has no application. 

1662 Hosses Consid. (1680) 50 Eternity is a permanent 
Now. 1853 Maurice 7%eol. Essays (ed. 2) 450 Eternity, 
in relation to God, has nothing to do with time or duration. 

b. Opposed to ‘time’ in its restricted sense of 
duration measured by the succession of physical 
phenomena. Hence, the condition into which the 
soul enters at death; the future life. Also, eternal 
welfare. 

1602 Suaks. //amz. 1. ii. 73 All that liues must dye, Pass- 
ing through Nature to Eternity. a@ 1650 CrasHaw Death 
Herrys, Weak time shall be pour’d out Intoeternity. _ 1691 
T. H[are] Acc. New Invent. p. xciv, Most grave. .Citizens, 
are put to it by a promissory Oath to stake their Eternities, 
and in effect to invocate God. 1785 Gentl. Mag. Aug. 
658/2 Just as they were going to be launched into eternity. 

5. nonce-uses. Viewed imaginatively as an agent 
or a person. 

1sog Hawes Past. Pleas. xiv. ix, I [Time] am the lode- 
starre to dame Eternitie. 1818 Byron Ch. //ar. ww. Ixxi, It 
comes like an eternity, As if to sweep down all things in its 
track. 

6. In plural (cf. 1d, 2b): Eternity viewed as 
consisting of ‘ages’. 

1382 Wycuir Pref Ep. Ferome iv. 64 Thoo that techen 
many men to rightwisnes [shulen shyne] as sterres into per- 
petuel eternytees [1388 euerlastyngnessis]. 1609 Binte 
(Douay) Dax. xii. 3 They that instruct many to justice 
[shal shine] as starres unto perpetual eternities. _ 1856 Mrs. 
Browninc Aur. Leigh v. 566 Like a clock Which strikes 
the hours of the eternities. 1858 Sears 4 thax. 1. i. 256'V0 
unfold through the ages, yea, through the eternities. 1871 
R. H. Hutton £ss. I. 247 The throne of heaven is to them 
alonely one. The solitude of the eternities weighs upon 
their imaginations. 

Eterniza‘tion. [f. next +-arioy.] The action 
of eternizing ; immortalization. 

1864 in WeBsTER} whence in later Dicts. 

Eternize (t3naiz, 7tamoiz), v. Also 6-7 
seternise, 7 -ize. [a. Fr. cernzse-r, ad. med.L. 
externizare, f. etern-us: see ETERNE. 

Both the accentuations above noted are frequent in poetry ; 
Shaks, has efe‘r27ze, which is now the more usual stress.] 

1. ¢vans. To make eternal, i.e. everlasting or end- 
less ; to give endless nature or duration to. 

1580 C’ress. PemprokeE Ps. Ixix. (1823) 123 There his name 
who love and prize, Stable stay shall eternize. 1610 HEALEY 
St. Aug. Citie of God 481 His [God’s] holy will..can 
eternize creations. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. x1. 60 That [hap- 
piness] fondly lost, This other [immortality] serv’d but to 
eternize woe. @ 1711 Ken Jmztat. Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 534 
Assur’d to reunite on high And eternize their sacred Tie. 
1740 Cueyne Regimen 14 The most perfect Cherubim in 

eaven, to perpetuate and eternise its Happiness, must 
[etc.] 1839 Bartey Festus iv. (1848) 30 The mortal soul Shall 
be divinised and eternised. | Ne 

2. To prolong indefinitely (a state or condition) ; 
to prolong indefinitely the existence of (a thing). 

x60r Hottanp Pliny (1634) I. 522 By this meanes they 
take order to eternise their Oliues. 1633 Battle of Lutzen 
in Hari. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 197 A truce which. .they wished 
had been a peace, whereby their repose might be eternised. 
1681 Nevite Plato Rediv. 35 Force or Fraud may alter a 
Government; but it is Property that must Found and 
Eternise it. 1716 Lapy M. W. Monracue Left. I. vi. 18 
Perpetual quarrels which they take care to eternise, by 
leaving them to their successors. 1847 Emerson Repr. 
Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 327 An attempt to eternize 
the fireside and the nuptial chamber. 1879 Cur. Rossetti 
Seek and F. 236 Their first stage is transitory : eternize 
that first stage, and it would become penal. 

b. esp. To make lasting, perpetuate (fame, 
memory, praise, etc.). 


ETERNIZED. 


eternized to your Suc- 
e 1589 Nasue Anat. Adsurditie Epist., 
My tongue is too to base a Tryton to eternise her praise. 
1605 Play Stucley in Sch. Shaks. (1878) 266 Our fame Shall 
be eterniz’d in the mouths of men, 1628 R. Ble.inc] 
Contn. Sidt y's Arcadia vi. 487 To eternise the famous 


bee d Mistris Hellen. wine Aoe. Prot. 
France iii. 10 The fi Act of Parli at Paris has 
et the Memory of this Execrable Attem; a@xjir 
Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III, 21x His Favours 
eternizing their Renown. 1773 Brypone Sicily xix. (1809) 
198 Horses. .had ificent monuments to eternize 
their memory. 1866 Feiton Anc. §& Mod. Greece 1. xii. 490 
An art which eternizes the memory of the human race. 

3. To make eternally or perpetually famous; to 
perpetuate the fame or memory of; to immortalize. 

1610 Mirr. Mag. 869 Cadiz .. ere great Alcides..Did 
fixe his pillars t’eternize his name. 1665 J. Wess Stone- 
Heng Ded. (1725) 1 Trajan, Adrian are Eternized for 

ractising all liberal Sciences. 1746 SMOLLETT Reproof 113 

id not his virtues eterniz’d remain, 1818 Bentuam Ch, 
Eng. 153 What might be .. eternized in glass by Mr. Pear- 
son. 1853 Bricut Sf. Peace 13 Oct., Marble monuments to 
eternise the men who have thus become great. 1862 R. H. 
Patterson Lss. Hist. & Art 107 To see helpless and un- 
beauteous agony eternised in stone. 1876 Biackte Songs 
Relig. & Life 148 Monuments..to eternise Lawyers with 
supple conscience, and glib tongue. 

Ete‘rnized, #//. a. [f. as prec.+-ED1.] Im- 
mortalized. 

1603 H. Petowe Eliza’s Fun, in Harl. Misc. X. 334 To 
live againe in glory with his zternized sister, divine Eliza. 
1610 Piaities St. Aug. Citie of God 38 Rome amongst all her 
.-eternized spirits cannot shew one better than hee was. 
1627 Sreep England ix. § 4 That eternized Queene Elizabeth 
of euerlasting memory. 1632 Litucow Trav. I. 34 To 
welcome thy hellish eternized guests. 

+ Ete‘rnizement. 0s. [f. as prec. + -MENT.] 
The condition or state of being eternized; im- 
mortal fame. 

1595 CHarpMAN Ovid's Bang. Sence (1639) 39 But give thy 
bounty true eternizement. 

+ Eternizer. Os. [f. as prec.+-ER!.] One 
who eternizes. 


1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613 pa Admirable Italian teare- | 
t 


eternizers, Ariosto, Tasso, an erest. 1636 W. AmMBRosE 
in Ann. Dubrensia agi 38 This epitaph his noble Vrne 
shall cover, Cotswolds Eternizer, Robert Dover. 


+-INGL] The action of the vb. ErERNIZE. 

1591 SpeNSER Kuines of Time Ded., Intended .. to the 
eternizing of some of the chiefe of them. 1847 Lp. Cock- 
suRN ¥rnl, IL. 170 Nothing can justify the eternising of 
individual caprice over the fixed national property. 

Ete‘rnizing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG*.] 
That eternizes. 

_ 1659 Pearson Creed (1741) 100 Their eternal and eterniz- 
ing oil lost long before. 1705 Phil. Trans. XXIV. 1104 
Wishes her Dead Companion to share in her then present 
felicity, by virtue of eternizing Monuments. 

+Eternness. Ols. rare. Also eternesse. 
[f. EreRNE a. + -NESS.] = EreRNITY I and 2. 

1606 Sir G. Goosecapfpe u. i. in Bullen O. PZ. III. 29 What 
Eternesse is, The World, and Time, and Generation. 1608 
Cuarman Trag. Byron Piays 1873 II. 311 What impossible 
mixtures? vice and vertue, Corruption and eternnesse. 

Etesian (et7-zian), a. (sd.) [f. L. etést-us, a. 
Gr. érjavos, lit. ‘annual’, f. éros year + -AN.] 

1. a. properly, The distinctive epithet of certain 
winds in the region of the Mediterranean, blowing 
from the NW. for about 40 days annually in the 
summer. ‘+b. Hence, occasionally, applied to 
winds annually blowing from a particular quarter 
in other parts of the world, as the trade-winds, 
monsoons, etc. 

1601 HoLLanp Pliny I. 473 The Ides of luly, which are 
forerunners of the Etesian winds. 1635 N. CarreNTEer 
Geog. Del. 1. vi. 102 The Etesian winde, which is obserued 
to blow euery yeere from the Northeast about the rising of 
Dog-starre. 1704 Swirt Batt. Bks. (1711) 257 A sheet of 
Lead, which an Etesian Wind blows suddenly down from 
the Roof of some Steeple. 1778 R. CHANDLER 7 av. Asia 
M. (1825) I. 21 Vessels find shelter in its port..during the 
etesian or contrary winds. 1828 Lempriere’s Classical 
Dict. (ed. Barker) 304 Those winds are properly Etesian 
which blow from that part of the horizon which is beneath 
the north and west. 1853 Grote Greece u. Ixxxiv. XI. 123 
A gentle and steady Etesian breeze carried them across. 

rg. 1858 De Quincey Parr Wks. V. 52 Had Dr. Bridges 
happened to be a vulgar sectarian .. those etesian gales or 
annual monsoons would have been hailed by Parr as the 
harbingers of a triumph in reversion, 

+2. quasi-sb. Ods. 

1658 Ussner Ann. 346 Whom they nicknamed the Etesian, 
because he continued in the place but 45 dayes. 
Evetyn Terra (1729) 45 The Protection of a thin Hedge or 
Canvas Curtain..defend them from our too constant 
rigorous Etesians. 1684 Phil. Trans. XIV. 56x These 
Eastern Winds —— I call our English Etesians), 

m, -fluwen, -foran, etc.: see ATFLEE, 
-FORE, 

Eth- (ep-). Chem. The first syllable of Erner, 
employed as a radical to form names for the 
typical members of the bi-carbon or Ernyt series 
° ~ppapealgg = and their compounds. 

Eth(e, obs. forms of Eann. 

Ethal (e'pil). Chem. [f. Eru- + -au.] The 
same as Cety/or Cetylic Alcohol (see Crr-). Hence 
Etha‘lic a., asin Lthalic acid = Cetylic acid. 


310 


T Cycl. Anat, IU. Ethal is a solid trans- 
sre tansy caatian cony Wikies Rosser Chom LL sto 


[f Eru- + -ane.] 
The C., H,, form- 
ing the second member of the series Cy Hon +2; 
also called Zthyl hydride and di-methyl; a colour- 
= ores 's’ Chem. (ed. Ww 
ATTS //owne, 4 It e 

savthion of ethane from poe iste Void: Cen Tl. go 
Ethane and propane. .are given off from it [American petro- 
leum] as gas at ordinary temperatures. 

|| Ethanim (epanim). [Heb. oo2nx(n nv) 
(yérah ha-\éthanim, interpreted Gesenius as 
‘month of swollen streams’.] The seventh month 
(Sept.—Oct.) of the Jewish ecclesiastical , the 
first of the civil year, afterwards called by the 
a name Tisri. 

I your 1 Ki iii . 
I Ce viii. 2 In ie aoe jean a. ee 
moneth, 1876 M. Davies Unorth. Lond. It was cele- 
brated on .. the 7th month, called in the Old Testament 


Ethanim, but by the Jews in later times Tisri. 

Ethbete: see Eatu C. 1. 

+ Ethe, v.! Ods. In 1 68ian, 3 eBi. [OE. dian 
:—OTeut. type *anpjéjan, related to ANDE.] intr. 
To breathe. 

aoo0 Greg, Dial, w. iii. (Bosw.), Hy ealle ediap [L. 
spirant omnia). a1aag St. Marher. 13 Leowse pi fot of 
mi necke. .eadiest pat ich edi mahe. 


+ Ethe, v.2 Ods. [repr. OE. *éJan, f. dp OATH. 
Cf. MHG, eiden.] trans. To ask with an oath; 
to adjure. 

c Gaw. & Gr. Kut. Fyrst I » habel, h 
E ciel dah oe tal Atal hg : rate “ a han rt je 


(e gin). Chem. 
or iad hy 


chapel, to com to py naunt. a TT lexander 340 
ious out he wrengis, Erne till exorzise & ethis euer elike, 
t it suld worthe as he wald. 


+Ethecke. 0¢s. rare—'. [ad. L. etheca, ad. 
Heb. p’nx, attig (only in this chapter) ; the sense 
is uncertain: Gesenius suggests ‘pillar’, others 
‘gallery, portico’.] 

ean 4 Bist (Douay) £zek, xli. 15 And he measured the 
length of the building against the face of that, which was 


Eterni ing (itS-nsizin), ob. 5b. [f. as prec. | separated at the backe: the etheckes on both sides of an 


hundred cubits. 

+ Ethel, sd. Ods. exc. Hist. Also 1 &el, 
@%el, 1-3 eBSel, eBel, 3 adel. [Common Teut.: 
OE. del, éel=OS. ddz/, OF ris. éthel, éthol, OHG. 


| uodil, ON. ddal, f. stem *6p-, ablaut-derivative of 


*ap-: see ATHEL.] Ancestral land or estate, patri- 
mony; native land. 

c 888 K, Aitrrep Boeth. Metr. xxiv. 99 Pis is eallunga 
min agen cy®d eard and epel. c 1000 / igs. Gosp. Luke iv. 24 
Nan witeza nis andfenge on his ebele [Z indis/. on oedel his, 
Rushw. on oedle his.) ¢ 1160 Hatton Gosp. ibid., On his 
edele. 1175 Lamb, Hom. 113 We ne majen habben pene 
heouenlichen ebel butan we beon clene from alle sake. 
¢ 1205 Lay. 16289 Min axel to biwinnen. did. 20201 Pat 
adel wes his ajene. 1875 Stusss Const. Hist. I. v.75 An 
‘ ethel ’, an inherited or otherwise acquired portion of original 
allotment. 

+ E-thel, var. form of ArHEL a. Ods. 

1. = ATHEL A. 2. 

c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 [We] understonden him on ure 
edele bede. /bid. 125 To bisechen .. mid edele worde and 
edie. a 1225 Ancr, R. 172 Peos prelles beod hire edele vif 
wittes, 

2. Comd., as ethelborn a., nobly born (//is¢. 
after OE. phrase wele geboren). 

1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I1. App. 359 The pre- 
judices of the ethelborn Saxons. 1844 Lp. BroucHam Brit. 
Const. x. (1862) 140 An ethel born or noble woman, 


Etheling, obs. form of ATHELING. 

+E-tthem. Ods. Forms: 1 &&m, 68m, 2 
epem. [Com. WGermanic: OE. #dm, é3m, cogn. 
w. OF ris. &hma, OS, ddom (Du. adem), OHG. 
dtam (MHG, dtem, Ger. athem), f. Teut. root 
*ép-, OAryan *é- to breathe.] Vapour, breath. 

Beowulf 2593 (Gr.) Hreder 2dme weoll. a 1000 Cadmon’s 
Christ & Satan (Gr.) 704 Hu sid se swarta edm [swol-] seo. 
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 43 Heore epem scean swa ded pe leit 
a-monge bunre, 

Ethen, var. form of HETHEN a., Ods. hence. 

Ethene (epin). Chem. [f. Eru-yu + -ENz. 
A fatty hydrocarbon, C,H,, forming the secon 
member of the series C, H,,: known also as 
Ethylene, Olefiant Gas, or Heavy Carburetted 
Hy sa ged Also attrib., as in Ethene bromide, 
chloride, iodide, etc. 

1873 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 554 Ethene is formed by the 
action of nascent hydrogen upon ethine or acetylene. /did. 
619 Ethene lodide is a colourless, crystalline, volatile sub- 
stance, penetrating odour. /bid. (1877) II. Ethene.. 
is most easily prepared by heating strong alcohol with three 
or four times its weight of strong sulphuric acid. 

Ethene, obs. form of HEaTHEN. 

Ether (7'po1). Also ether. - L. wxther, ad. 
Gr. ai@np (in senses 1-3 below), f. root of aié-av 
to kindle, burn, shine; cf. ai@pa fair weather, f. 
same root. 

The spelling eer is still not uncommon in senses 1-3, 
and occasionally occurs in sense 5. In the chemical sense 
6 ether is the only form recognized by good ities.) 


ETHER. 


[ 


adopted from Greek (orig. 
Se ter ciewie antes 
passages in Gr. classic authors). 
clear sky; the u i 

the um filling the 
the air fills the lower regions, 
rhetorical. 


eet 
i 


4 
: 
i 
: 
: 


oe Catullus \xiv. 206 
the "gan tremble in ether. 


1733 Pore Zss. Man 1. 115 Whate’er of life all-quickening 
ether k . one nature feeds the vital flame. 1840 CLouGH 
A Voy. 1. 4 Aland wherein gods of the old time 
ba Where every breath even now changes to ether 
jivine. 


2. In ancient Prag ge speculation conceived 


mours 


earliest Eng. use ; 
It was variously regarded as a purer form of fire or of air, 
‘four elements’. By 

b or 


Ether. 1 Cupwortn /ntell. Syst. 16 From 

was made the heavens. /bid. 493 P; answer thus 
--we call God in the ther Jupiter. Br. Patrick 
Comm. Gen. i. 7 The thinner parts .. the zther, or 


higher firmament, wherein the sun and the planets are 
. Air; respirable fluid. 

1713 Guardian No. 44 They sucked-in so condensed and 
poisonous an Aether. hag Weer! Trav. France 277 His 
senses are hailed. .by the ness of a pure zxther. 

IT. Senses of modern development. 

+4. As a general name for extremely subtle 
fluids, the existence of which was imagi or 
inferred ; = AURA 2, 3. Obs. 

1691 Ep. TayLor Behmen's Theos. Philos. xvi. 22 The 
Elements themselves pass into their Ethers. 1757 Darwin 
Vapour in Phil. Trans. L. 252 There was no real opposition 
in the electric zther of glass, and that from wax. 

Jig. 1791 Boswett Yohknson 1 July an. 1763, My mind 
was... stron; 34 impregnated with the Johnsonian ather. 

5. mod. Physics. A substance of great elasticity and 
subtilty, believed to permeate the whole of planet- 
ary and stellar space, not only filling the inter- 
planetary spaces, but also the interstices between 
the particles of air and other matter on the earth ; 
the medium through which the waves of light are 
propagated. Sometimes called the /uminiferous 
ether. Also attrib., as in ether-strain, -vibration, 
~wave. 

1644 Dicey Nat. Bodies xxxii. (1658) 342 ‘The Ether. .like 
an immense Ocean, ith varieties of motion. 


1692 BENTLEY le Lect. 226 These are pro- 
— either by pcan carded nag ally 3 
sac _ RR a 


pulse from one 
body to another. 1704 Newton Tg (J.), Ether, like 
endeavour to recede 


brations 
li B. T. Deukatlion ui. iii. Ou 
dark orb Scivkes Toh heen aber till it pane ing a 4 
1879 G. Col. Sense i. 2 We must find out 
how the various modes of zther-waves..came originally to 
be distinguished from one another, 1884 tr, Lotse's ye oe] 
mt, iii, 475 We e any why a soul t 
feels ether-waves as colours must, in consistency, perceive 
air-waves as sounds. 
b. fig. 

1831 Cartyte Sart, Res. (1858) 33.¥e, are—we know not 
what ;—light-sparkles floating in ather of Deity ! 1835 
I. ‘Taytor ae Despot. viii. 352 Measures which woul 
have reduced the authority out of Italy to a thin 
ether visible to none but the clergy. 1849 Por Poems, 
Ulalwme, She rolls throu, h an ether of sighs. : : 

6. Chem. a. The colourless, light, volatile liquid, 
(C, Hy, O) resulting from the action of sulphuric 
and other acids upon alcohol, whence it was also 
known as Sulphuric, Phosphoric, etc. ether. In 
popular and commercial use the incorrect name 
‘sulphuric ether’ is still common, and the term 
‘ether’ without prefixed word is ordinarily under- 
stood to refer to this substance, which in technical 
nomenclature is now distinguished as Common, 
Ethylic, or Vinie ether, or Ethyl oxide. Mt is an 
anesthetic, and capable of producing extreme cold 
by its evaporation. Also attrit 


L in Phil. Trans, L, 161 The subtile fluid, pre- 
pazel from vinous spirits with the vitriolic acid, called by 


ETHER. 


the chemists ether. 1794 Pearson ibid. LXXXIV. 389 
Fifty grains of white readily dissolved in 500 ins 
measure of sulphuric zther. 1860 Presse Lad. Chem. 
Wonders 82 A solution of gold in zther applied to the sur- 
face of fine polished steel instruments gildsthem, 1875 Ure 
Dict. Arts I. 309 s.v., A duty of 12. 5s. per gallon was 
fixed on ie eee ether on the 25th Se lanes 1862. 1877 
Roserts Handbk, Med. (ed. 3) 1. 63 Ether dissolves the fat 
and brings the striz again into view. 

attrib, 1872 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol, 1. v. x. 611 
“Ether-narcosis produces the loss of 1. The local sensibility 
of extreme parts .. 2, The intellectual powers. 1873 J. P, 
Cooke New Chem. 18 And the globe will hold just as muc 
ether-vapor as if neither of the other two were present. 1879 
H. Spencer Data of Ethics x. § 64. 177 By ether-spray it 
{an external part of the body] is made very cold. 

b. Hence by extension, the generic name of 
a large class of compounds, formed by the action 
of acids upon alcohols, divided into (1) Simple 
ethers, of which the above Common Ether is the 
type, and which comprise the oxides, sulphides, 
chlorides, etc. of alcohol radicals. (2) Compound 
ethers, in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl of 
an alcohol is replaced by an acid-radical. 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 324 Sulphuric ether.. 
possesses the characters of a base, being capable of neutral- 
izing various (probably all) acids .. These new compounds 
are at present very inaccurately termed ethers. 1850 Dav- 
BENY A tom. Th. viii. (ed. 2) 257 An ether.. bearing the same 
relation to fusel oil, which sulphuric ether does to alcohol. 
1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. II, 110 In the polyatomic 
alcohols, two hydroxyl groups may also be replaced by one 
atom of oxygen, giving rise to another class of oxygen 
ethers, The replacement of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl 
in an alcohol by acid radicles produces ethereal salts or com- 
pound ethers. 

Ether, var. of Epprr. 

1649 R. Hopnces Plain. Direct. 28 You must either take 
out of the hedg the ether or the stake. 


Ether, obs. form of ErrHEr. 


+ E-therated, #//.c. Obs. [f. ErHER+-aTE3 
+-ED1,] Combined with ether; = ETHERIzED. 

1802 Med. ¥rn/. VIII. 190 The author. .had concluded... 
that the fulminating mercury was composed in 100 parts, 
21,28 of oxalic acid, 64,72 of mercury, and 14 of etherated 
nitrous gas, and of a surplus of oxygen. 

Ethercap, obs. form of Errercap. 

Ethereal, etherial (7pi-rial), a. and sé. 
Also 6-9 eethereal(l. [f. L. etheri-us or ethere-us 
(ad. Gr. ai@épt-os) + -AL. 

The uncertainty of the spelling began in Latin, the orig. 
zetherius from the Gr. being often written -evs after the 
ordinary Latin adj. ending, as in ciner-eus, lign-eus, etc.; 
this spelling is however generally rejected by mod. scholars, 
The spelling -eaZ is now perhaps the more common in Eng. 
Cf. aereal, aerial.) 

1. Of the nature of, or resembling the idea of, 
the ether or lightest and most subtle of elements ; 


light, airy, attenuated. 

1598 Barckiey Felic. Man (1631) 366 In the world where- 
with we are environed [there is a continual ascending] 
from the elements and compound things, by the Athereall 
substance to Heaven. 1638 Witkins New World 1, The 
Elementary and #thereal..doth not belong to the present 
Question, but of the Sea and Land, etc. 1857 Woop Com. 
Obj. Sea-shore 27 In the kingdom of Ocean, water is the 
ee, and, like its more ethereal relative, is ever 
rolling. 

2. Heavenly, celestial. Chiefly foer. 

1667 Mitton P. Z. vit. 646 Go, heavenly Guest, Ethereal 
Messenger. 1 Dryven Virg. Georg. 11. 56 Heroes, 
whose Etherial Root Is Jove himself. 1702 Rowe Amd, 
Step-Moth. 1.i, Nor could the Breath of Art kindle again 
Th’ Etherial Fire. 1743 J. Davipson 4xeid vii. 192 Steeds 
of Etherial Breed. c 1820 S. Rocers /taly, Meillerie 75 
Bright and unsullied lives the ethereal flame. 1840 BARHAM 
Ingol. Leg. Nurse's Story, Ethereal Spirits, gentle and 
good, Aye weep and lament o’er a deed of blood. 

3. Of or pertaining to the material heaven, or 
highest region of the atmosphere. 

1513 Dovctas A/neis xu. Prol. 41 Phebus .. Defundand 
from hys sege etheriall Glaid influent aspectis celicall. 1530 
RastELt Bie Purgat, ut. ix, Pure regyon ethereall where 
the sonne & the other sterres renne. 1610 Heatey Vive's 
Comm. St. Aug. Citie of God (1620) 354 Porphyry reckneth 
gods that are either heauenly, ecsaeall: ayery, watry, 
earthly, or infernall. 1638 Witxins New World xiv. (1707) 
115 The extreme Coldness of the Aithereal Air. 1744 
Axensipe Pleas. Jmag. 1. 42 There to breathe at large 
therial air. 182x SHettey Prometh. Und. 1. 275 Mischiefs 
sent To blast mankind from yon ethereal tower. : 

b. Pertaining to the terrestrial atmosphere, in 
opposition to the lower regions. So occasionally 
L. extherius. 

1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1v. 706 Near the Confines of 
Etherial Light..Th’ unwary Lover cast his Eyes behind. 

4. Spirit-like, impalpable ; of unearthly delicacy 
and refinement of substance, character, or appear- 


ance. 

1647 H. More Jmmort. Soul 1, uw. xxiv, Ethereall cor- 
poreity, Devoid of heterogeneall organity. 1722 WoLLAsToN 
Relig. Nat. ix. 199 The soul may be also perceptive of finer 
impressions and ethereal contacts. 1802 Syp. Smit Wks, 
(18 59) I. 8 It is not possible to endure the draggling and the 
daubing of..Dr. Rennel, after the ethereal touches of Mr. 
Burke. 1810 Sourney Kehama u. i, Only Kehama’s 
powerful eye beheld The thin etherial spirit. 1847 Disrar.i 
Tancred u.. xv, Her ethereal nature seemed to shrink from 
coarse reality. 1872 BLack Adv. Phaeton xxi, 299 The 
far and ethereal masses of the Langdale Pikes. ea hee 
Miter Se. Relig. 365 As men, we only know of embodied 
spirits, however ethereal their bodies may be conceived to 


311 


be. ae W. J. Lortie Ride in Egypt 150 A faith which is 
so wholly ethereal as to be independent of facts. 

5. Physics. Of, pertaining to, or having the 
nature of ‘ether’. See ErHer 5. In early use 
nearly =I. 

1692 BentLey Boyle Lect. 206 An zxthereal subtile matter 
..may penetrate and pervade the minutest and inmost cavi- 
ties of the closest bodies. 18r0 Vince Astron. xxiii. 252 
Beyond the atmosphere of the comet, the ztherial air .. is 
extremely rare. 1816 J. SmitH Panorama Sc. §& Art Il. 
328 All the substances in nature..may be considered either 
as solid, fluid, aériform, or ethereal. 1863 E. V, NEALE 
Anal. Th. & Nat. 159 That which propagates movement, 
the ethereal atoms. 1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol, xvi. 
(1877) 402 Millions of such etherial waves must successively 
make infinitesimal additions to its motion. 1878 Tarr & 
Srewart Unseen Univ. iii. § 114. 126 Something analogous 
to ethereal friction. 

6. Chem. Of or pertaining to the liquid called 
‘ether’ (see ETHER 6); resembling ether or its 


qualities. 

1800 tr. Lagrange’s Chent. 11. 321 Ethereal tinctures are 
prepared in pharmacy. 1807 T. THomson Chev. (ed. 3) I. 
414 A combination of two parts of sulphuric acid and one of 
alcohol..emits a smell perceptibly ethereal. 1818 FARADAY 
Exp. Res. viii. 24 Substituting a stream of zthereal vapour 
for the wick. 1838 T. Tomson Chem. Org. Bodies 306 'To 
distinguish acetal from acetic ether and other etherial 
liquids. 1844-57 G. Birp Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 414 The 
ethereal solution offat. 1870 Sir J. Y. Simpson Anesthesia 
Wks. 1871 II. 23 As early as 1805, Dr, Warren of Boston 
employed ethereal inhalation. 5 

7. Ethereal oil. a. = Essential or Volatile oil 


(see quot.). 

1694 SLaRE in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 210 Some [Essential 
Oyls] are lighter than the best rectified Spirit of Wine .. 
which has made our Chymists call them /Etherial Oyls. 
1751 Cuamsers Cycl. s.v. ditherial oil, The pure liquor 
rising next after the spirit, in the distillation of turpentine, is 
called the ztherial oil of turpentine. 1799 Med. Frné. 1. 
503 The water..was previously impregnated with as great 
a portion of ethereal oil as it was capable of holding in 
solution. 18rr Hooper Med. Dict., Etherial oil, Any 
highly rectified essential oil may be so named. 1884 Bower 
& Scott De Bary’s Phaner. & Ferns 69 Drops of resin and 
ethereal oil in increasing quantity. 1887 Pa// Mall G. 
4 July 7/1 Absinthe .. contains several ethereal oils. 

b. tn mod. Pharmacy (see quot.). 

1860 Mayne Exp. Lex. 803/2 Oleum Aftherenim, Ethe- 
rial oil: a name for a sulphate of ether used only for the 
preparation of the compound spirit of sulphuric ether. 

B. absol, and sb. 
a. absol. The ethereal principle, the spirit or 
essence. b. sd. An ethereal being, a spirit, an 


immortal. 

1661 Evetyn Fumifugium Misc. Writ. 1. (1805) 215 The 
Etherial, which is a certain Aer of Plato’s denomination. 
1748 RicHArDSON Clarissa (1811) IV. 356 There is no sex in 
etherials. 1854 Syp. Dosrit Balder xxiv. 154 A spirit Un- 
seen, nor having organs to discourse The rare ethereal of 
its too divine And necessary beauty. 


! 
| 


Hence Etherealism, the state or quality of | 


being ethereal. 

In mod. Dicts. ees Pe i 

Ethereality, etheriality (7pie:rijeliti). 
[f Erwerean (or -1AL) + -ITy, after analogy of 
equal-ity, real-tty, etc.] a. The quality or state 
of being ethereal or incorporeal, or of being be- 
yond material grasp or analysis. b. concr. Some- 
thing that is ethereal. 

1827 Lytton Pelham \xxiii, Dismount me, and I become 
a mere clod of the earth... fire, energy, ethereality have de- 
parted. 1850 L. Hunt Axfodiog. I. xvi. 223 A good na- 
tured wizard. .able to conjure his etherealities about him in 
the twinkling ofan eye. 1859 G. Witson Gateways Knowl. 
(ed. 3) 48 A certain etheriality thus belongs pre-eminently 
to music. 1871 Tytor Prim. Cult. 1. 412 Among rude 
races, the original conception of the human soul seems to 
have been that of ethereality, or vaporous materiality. 

c. nonce-use. As a mock form of address. 

1806-7 J. BrresForp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vu. In- 
trod., If your Etheriality can condescend to take any interest 
in such earthly stuff. eke 

therealization, etherialization 
(¢pie:rialoizét‘fon). [f. next +-aT1on.] The action 
or process of etherealizing or making ethereal in 
various senses. Also concr. 

1 J. H. Srirune tr. Schwegler’s Hist. Philos. (ed. 8) 
115 He [Aristotle] conceives the moral element. .as ethereal- 
ization, spiritualization of the physical. 1873 PaTer Re- 
naissance iv. 53 The wasting and etherealisation of Death. 
1886 Miss Brappon One Thing Needful xxii, She has de- 
dicated herself to..the etherialisation of humanity. _ 

Etherealize, etherialize (¢pi-rialeiz), v. 
Also ether-. [f. ErHerEAL (or -IAL) + -IZE.] 
trans. To make or render ethereal: a. To refine, 
exalt, or spiritualize, by removing all that is 
material or corporeal; also adso/. b. To bring 
out the spirit or spiritual conception of. e¢. To 
give an ethereal appearance to. 

1829 Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXV. 389 Every breath of 
air we draw is terrestrialized or etherealized by imagination. 
1833 Lytton England w. ii. (1840) 435 Wordsworth’s poetry 
is of all existing in the world the most calculated to refine, 
to etheréalise, to exalt. 18530 Hawtnorne Scarlet L. xxiii. 
(1879) 283 So etherealized by spirit as he was. 1852 — 
Blithedale Rom. viii. (1885) 78 The clods of the earth. .were 
never etherealized into thought. 1856 Cham. Frul. V1. 
263 All silvered over and etherealised by moonlight. 1876 
Gapstone Syachr. Homer. 192 Difficult. .to accept as his- 
tory, or to etherialize and translate as myth. 1879 Gro. 


ppl. a. 


ETHERISM. 


Exot Coll. Breakf. P. 796 Art's creations .. etherialized To 
least admixture of the grosser fact. 1882 A. Austin Canons 
Poet. Crit. u. 41 If ever Thought was etherialized .. it is in 


the foregoing passage. 

Etherealized, etherialized (zpierialaizd), 
Also wether-. [f. prec,+-EpD1.] Made or 
rendered ethereal ; exalted, refined, spiritualized. 

a1850 JANE Porter in Spurgeon 7veas. Dav. Ps. xcii. 4 
Half-mortal, half-etherealized. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 
II. 11. 1, xiii. § 15 Age of expanded and ztherialized moral 
expression. 1863 Mrs, C. Crarxe Shaks, Char. iv. 104 Ariel 
was the etherealised impersonation of swift obedience. 1872 
Lippon Elem. Relig. ii. 42 The religion of the future—an 
etherialized abstraction, 1874 M. ArNoLp in Contemp. Rew. 
Oct. 811 Angels, etherialized men. 

Ethereally, etherially (¢jivriali), adv. 
Also 7 etherealie. [f. ETHEREAL (or -IAL) + -LY%.] 
In an ethereal manner; celestially, spiritually ; 
with extreme delicateness or purity. 

1616 J. LANE Sgr.’s T. x. 256 Still iustelie live theie whoe 
deigne iustice raise etherealie enshrind in mortal claies. 
1816 SHELLEY A dastor 585 Leaves..Red, yellow, or etheri- 
ally pale. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. xii, It was not Gentle 
spring ethereally mild. 1875 Hamerton /nfed/. Life x1. v. 
425 Absolutely and ethereally pure. 

Etherealness (‘pieridlnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being ethereal. 

1730-6 Barey (folio), Etherealuess, 1832 Marryat N. 
Forster x\, All his etherealness departs. 

Etherean, etherian (pivriin), @. rare. 
In 6, 9 etherean, -ian. [f. L. wthere-us or xthert- 
us+-AN]=ETHEREAL. a. Heavenly, refined. b. 
Ofa colour: Delicate. 

1651 Lennarptr. Charron’s Wisd. 1. Pref. (1670) 208 But 
my hope is, that the simple and debonaire, the A®therian 
and sublime spirits will judge indifferently. 1881 Gard. 
Chron. XVI. 780 The sepals and petals are milk-white, 
with an ztherean hue of orange, 

Etherene(#}érin). Chem. Also 9 -ine. [f.Erx- 
ER + -ENE.] ‘A synonym of ETHYLENE’ (Watts). 

1850 DausBeny A Zon. Th. v. (ed. 2) 147 Protoxide and per- 
oxide of iron will bear the same relation one to the other, 
as methylene and etherine do amongst organic compounds. 
c186s Letuesy in Mylde'’s Circ. Sc. 1. 116/1 Etherene 
(Cs Hg), or the volatile gas of Faraday .. [is] met with in 
most of the illuminating gases of commerce. 

Ethereous, etherious (“pivr‘ss), a. [f. L. 
ethere-us + -ous.} Composed of, or of the nature 
of ether, or of the upper element of the universe. 

1667 Mitton P. L. vt. 473 The bright surface Of this 
Ethereous mould whereon we stand. 1677 GaLE Crt. Gen- 
tiles II. 1v. 465 The Ethereous Heaven, where the Sun and 
Stars are. 1775 Asn, Etherious, formed of ether, celestial. 
1814 J. Gi-curist Reason 85 Perhaps it is ethereous meat 
or drink of gods. In mod. Dicts. 

Etheric (7-périk), a. [f. ErHer+-1c.] Of or 
pertaining to ether (sce ETHER 5). 

1878 G. M. Bearp in Pop, Sc. Monthly XIII. 331 The 
‘etheric force’ of Mr. T. A. Edison was primarily a ques- 
tion of physics. 1889 Forum: (N. Y.) Feb. 662 The mode of 
vibration of the etheric particles. 

+ Ethe'rical, az. Ols. In 7 etherical. [f. as 
prec. +-IcaL.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature 
of, ether (in quot. with reference to ETHER 1). 

1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 329/1 Possidonius 
defineth a Star, a Divine Body, consisting of etherical fire. 

+ Etheri-city. Os. rave—1. [f. ErHER + -Ic 
+-ITy.] A proposed name for electricity, imply- 
ing the view that its phenomena were caused by 


an ‘ether’ (see ETHER 4). 

1748 Lond. Mag. 256 Electricity .. ought much more pro- 
perly to be called ethericity. 

Etherification (7:périfiké'fan). [f, Erneriry: 
see -FICATION.] The action or process of convert- 
ing alcohol into ether. Also aétrid. 

1805 C. Hatcuett in Phil. Trans. XCV. 220 [Phenomena] 
attendant on etherification. 1833 Penny Cycl. 1. 157/1 
s.v. 4&ther, During the etherification of the alcohol the 
sulphuric acid plays an active part. 1869 Roscor Elen. 
Chem. 324 This process is called the continuous etherifica- 
tion process, 3188x Watts in Nature XXV. 50 The ex- 
periments of Williamson on Etherification. 

Etheriform (7périfpm), a. [f Erner + 
-(1)FoRM.] Having the form of ether: see ETHER 5. 

1885 Science V. 432 The author believes that the original 
etheriform mass of our solar system condensed to cosmical 
clouds. 

Etherify (z*périfoi), v. [f. ErHer + -(1)FY.] 
trans. To make or convert into an ether. 

1857 W. A. Mitter Elem. Chem. ut. § 990. 161 Various salts 
are.. capable of etherifying alcohol, if heated strongly 
with it under pressure. 1875 Ure Dict, Arts II. 309 s.v. 
Ether, The stronger mineral acids etherify the alcohols. 

Etherin (7‘périn). Chem. [f. Erner + -1y.] 
(See quot.) : 

1882 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 507 s.v. When heavy oil of 
wine. .is warmed with water, a light oily liquid rises to the 
surface, which is a mixture of two substances, both poly- 
meric with ethylene, viz. etherin and etherol. 

Ethering, Sc. etherins, var. forms of EDDER- 
ING: see EDDER. 

1691 Ray S. 6 £. Country Words, Vrith, Eththerings or 
windings of Hedges. 

Etherism (7‘périz’m). Jed. [f. ErHer + -1sM ; 
cf. alcoholism.] ‘The successive phenomena de- 
veloped in the animal body by the administration 
of the vapour of ether.’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 


ETHERIZATION,. 


Etherization (?péraizz'-fan). Also 9 ether-. 
[f. next + -ation.] a. The administration of ether 
as an aneesthetic or narcotic; also fg. b. The pro- 
cess of becoming, or condition of being, etherized. 

18st H. Mayo Pop. Superstit. (ed. 2) 138 A sketch..of the 
gegen of etherisation. LoweLt Among my Bhs. 
Ser. u. 117 The etherization of excitement and the magnet- 
ism of crowds. H. C. Woop Therap. eh 
Chloral administ shortly before etheri: . 

S. Litty Anc. Relig. §& Mod. Thought 318 The phenomena 
of ztherisation are certainly very curious. 

Etherize (7‘pérsiz), v. [f. Erner + -1zE. Cf. 
Fr. étheriser.] : 

1. trans. To convert (alcohol, etc.) into ether. 

1828 in Wesster. 1847 in Craic; and in mod. 

2. To mix or compound with ether. 

1800-1876 [see ETHERIZED]. 2 

8. To put (a patient) under the influence of 
ether. Also ¢ransf. : 

1864 Lowe. Fireside Trav. 145 Gradually the mind was 
etherized to a like dreamy — ° i - Tiss Chlo- 
roform in Cassell’s Techn. Educ. \V. 107/1 A patient... was 
etherised, and had a limb amputated. .without the infliction 
of any pain. 1881 Philada. Telegraph XXXVI. No. 33. 2 
After the morning bulletin was issued he was etherized. 

+4. = ELEcTRIFY. 

1748 Lond. Mag. 255 Besides being constantly electeriz’d 
or rather etheriz’d by the earth. 

Hence E-therized ///. a., in senses 2 and 3 of 
the vb. + Etherized nitrous gas. E:therizer, an 
apparatus for administering ether. Etherizing 
ppl. a., in sense 3 of the vb. ; in quot. fig. 

1800 Phil. Trans. XC. 219 The gas .. into which the 
nitrous etherized gas can be resolved, by treatment with 
dilute sulphuric acid. 1807 T. THomson Chem. (ed. 3) 11. 
421 When equal parts of alcohol and nitric acid are mixed, 
a violent effervescence takes place .. owing to the emission 
of a gas..a compound of nitrous gasand ether. It has been 
termed for that reason etherised nitrous gas. 1848 Sir J. Y. 
Simpson in Monthly Frnl. Med.Sc.1X.211 When the patient 
was in an etherized state. 1 tr. Schutzenbereer’s Fer- 
ment. 28 The etherized alcoholic liquid is distilled in a retort. 


Etherol (7‘pérgl). Chem. [f. Erner + -o1.] 
(See quot. for ETHERIN and cf. glycerin, glycerol.) 

1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 334 When boiled with water it is 
resolved into sulphzthylic acid and #therol. 

Etherous (7‘péras), a. [f. Erner + -ovs.] 
Savouring of ether, ether-like. 

1863 B. Taytor H. Thurston 11. 283 Impregnated with a 
pungent etherous smell. 

Ethic (e pik), a. and sd. Forms: 4-5 etik(e, 
-yk, 4-7 ethique, 5 etique, (ethyque, etick, 
eytike), 6-9 ethick(e, 7 ethique, 7- ethic. [ad. 
L. éthic-us, Gr. 40:Kds, f. 780s character, #/. man- 
ners. Cf. Fr. éthique.] 

A. adj. (Now usually ErHicat.) 

1. Relating to morals. 

1581 Sipney A fol. Poetrie (Arb.) 30 The Ethicke and po- 
litick consideration, with the end of well dooing and not of 
well knowing — mee Butwer Chiron. 25 The Athique 
precepts and the lawes of civil conversation. 1698 F: B. 
Modest Censure 12 What! nothing but Ethick and Oeco- 
nomick Strictures, and such like Documents? 1» SAVAGE 
Progress of a Divine 363 N’er let your doctrine ethic truth 
impart. 1871 TynpALt Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) II. xi. 249 Who 
..find the ethic life of their religion unimpaired. a 

2. Of an author or literary work: Treating of 
moral questions, and of ethics as a science. 

1589 Puttennam Lng. Poesie 1. iv. (Arb.) 25 Therefore 
were they [Poets] the first Philosophers Ethick. 1732 Pore 
(ti#le) An Essay on Man, Being the First Book of Ethic 
Epistles. 1791 Boswett Yohknson an. 1749, But ‘The 
Vanity of Human Wishes’ is..as high an effort of ethick 
poetry as any language can show. 1 Morse Amer. 
Geog. I1. 185 Dr. Hutcheson is the principal Ethic writer of 
this country [Ireland]. 1814 Cary Dante Thy ethic 
page describes Three dispositions adverse to Heavies will. 
1815 Edin. Rev. XXV. 355 In some of his odes and ethic 
exhortations, 

3. Characterized by ‘ethos.’ (See Eruos 2). 

1848 Wornum Lect. on Paint. by R. A. 355 note, The style 
of Polygnotus was strictly ethic. 

Gram. L£thic dative: =‘ethical dative’: see 
ETHICAL 3. 

woe, Farrar Gr. Syntax (1870) 80 To this dative of refer- 

oe eae what is called the ethic (i.e. emotional) dative. 
» SO, 

I. sing. 1. [after Fr. &¢higue, It. and Sp. etica, 
ad. L. e&hicé, Gr. nOuen (réxvn).] a. The science 
of morals; cf. 2. b. A scheme of moral science. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 363 Ethik [v.~. etyk] pat 
is be sciens of bewes. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (Ms. A.)9 
So clope he him wib vertues, pat of him mai arise good fame 
& name: & pis techip etik. 1632 Lirucow 7,rav. (1682) 
vil. 327 As for the Science Practick, it doth first imbrace. . 
Ethick, that doth form the Manners. 1875 Cuirrorp £ss., 
Basis of Morals (1879) 11. 106 By Morals or Ethic I mean 
the doctrine of a special kind of pl e or displ € 
which is felt by the human mind in contemplating certain 
courses of conduct, whereby they are felt to be right or 
wrong, and of a special desire to do the right things and 
avoid the wrong ones. 1886 Atheneum 17 July 73 In.. 
Mr. Spencer’s ‘ Data of Ethics’ .. an attempt to construct 
an ethic apart from theology is regarded as practicable. 

attrib. 1778 J. game in Lett, Radcliffe § James 53 Not 
a book, beyond a logic or ethic pend, is r ded 

II. pl. Ethics. 2. (after Gr. rd 40nd) The 
science of morals; the department of study con- 
cerned with the principles of human duty. 


812 
In this sense now wonally consiened (like other words of 
se Wanner Alb. ne: xu. Ixxv. cohen ¥3 Nor wanted 


thear..that did - 
a God deny. @ Barrow Serm. vi. Wks. 1741 I. 48 
Out of them [St. 's |] might be com a 

of ethi Woop Ath. Oxon. 1. 2 e was 
made Professor of juence and Ethicks in Univer- 


iti ngolstade. a17zoo Drypen (J.), Persius professes 
the stoick philosophy ; most amongst all the 
sects who have given rules of ethicks. BentuaM Princ. 
Legisi. xix. § 11 Ethics at large may be defined, the art of 
directing men’s actions to the production of the est 
possible —— of h 1836 E ature, 
Idealism . (Bohn) II, 164 Ethics and religion differ 
herein; that the one is the system of human duties com- 
mencing from man; the other, from God. 1889 Boyp Car- 
PENTER Bampton Lect. vii, Religion without ethics seems 
little else than irreligious religion. 

b. A treatise on the science; sfec. that of 
Aristotle. 

c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. cxxxvi. (1869) 71 This is that 
Aristotle seith th etiques. 1483 Caxton Cato Avij, The 
phylosopher sayeth in the viii book of ethyques that, etc. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. ui. iv. 112 The same is 
touched by Aristotle in his Ethicks. 1769 Yunius Lett. 
xxix. 131 If this gentleman will go back to his Ethics. 
1837-9 Hattam //ist. Lit. (1847) 1. 343 Edward himself 
- read the ethics of Aristotle in Greek ol 

+c. As discrete plural: Ethical maxims or ob- 
servations. Obs. rare. 

1678 R. L'Estrance Seneca’s Mor. To Rdr., I have re- 
duc’d all his scatter’d Ethiques to their proper Heads, 

3. In narrower sense, with some qualifying word 
or phrase; a. The moral principles or system of 
a particular leader or school of thought. 

1651 Baxter /nf. Baft. 288 God's laws, standing at the 
top of our Ethicks. 1692 Bentiry Folly of Atheism 31 
If the Atheists would but live up to the Ethics of Epicurus 
himself. 1791 BurKe Let. to Memb. Nat. Assembly Wks. 
VI. 34 This philosophical instructor [Rousseau] in the 
echicks of vanity. 1855 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Lit. vii. 232 
(The Spectator’s] morality ..is not a very high order of 
Christian ethics. 1869 Lecxy Europ. Mor. Il. i. 1 The 
Ethics of Paganism were part of a philosophy. 1 S 
Martineau £ss. Il. 94 It lifts you.. from the zodlogical 
ethics of Combe. fo : i 

b. The moral principles by which a person is 
guided. 

1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. 11. 47 It is not the pro- 
vince of man to pronounce judgment on the ethics of his 
fellow-creature, in the last extremities of starvation. 

ce. The rules of conduct recognized in certain 
associations or departments of human life. 

1789 BentuaM Princ. Legisl. xviii. § 46 Now to instruct 
each individual in what manner to govern his own conduct 
in the details of life, is the particular business of private 
ethics. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. u. 270 Sea rights, and sea 
ethics were by no means so distinctly defined as they are 
now. 1870 R. W. Date Week-day Serm. vii. 137 The ethics 
of dining. 1 Moztey Univ, Serm. ix. 185 The peculiar 
scope of our Church ethics for the last thirty years has been 
the culture of works of compassion. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Ethics, medical, the laws of the duties of medical men to 
the public, to each other, and to themselves in regard to 
the exercise of their profession. 

4. In wider sense: The whole field of moral 
science, including besides Ethics properly so called, 
the science of law whether civil, political, or 
international. 

1690 TempLe Ess. Heroic Virtue Wks. 1731 I. 200 The 
Sum of his [Confutius’] Writings seems to a Body or 
Digestion of Ethicks, that is, of all Moral Virtues, either 
Personal, Oeconomical, Civil or Political. 1793 Brack- 
STONE Comm. (ed. 12) 27 Jurisprudence .. is the principal 
and most perfect branch of ethics. 

Ethical (e"pikal), 2. [f. prec. +-aL.] 

1. Of or pertaining to morality or the science of 
ethics. 

1607 TopsELt Serpents (1653) 639 It remaineth to discourse 
of the Politick, Ethical, and Oeconomick vertues and 
be of them [bees]. 1652 Evetyn State of France Misc. 

rit. (1805) 47 ‘This ethicall and morall part of travel. .em- 
bellisheth a gentleman, 1830 Mackintosu Z£th, Philos. 
Wks. 1846 I. 63 The ethical principles of Hobbes, are com- 
pletely interwoven with his political system. 1860 MAnsEt 
Prolegom. Logica Pref. (ed. 2) 8 The value of every ethical 
system must ultimately be tested on psychological grounds. 
1876 tr. Haeckel’s Hist. Creat, 1. it, 36 Moral, or ethical 
materialism, is something quite distinct from scientific 
materialism. — : 

b. Pertaining to ‘ethos’ as opposed to ‘ pathos’: 
see Ernos. 

@ 1626 Br. ANprewes Serr. (1856) 1. 445 Rather in pathe- 
tical than in ethical terms. 

2. Of an author or literary work: Treating of 
the science of ethics, or of questions connected 
with it. 

1665 Bovie Occas. Re/l. (1675) 16 From Ethical or Theo- 
logical Composures, to take out Lessons that ney aor 
the Mind. 1756-82 J. Warton Ess. P. (T); e [Pope] 
is the great’ Poet of reason, the first of ethical authors in 
verse. —_ Barnam /ngol. ces Bro. Birchington, A 
metaphor taken out of an ethical work by the Stagyrite. 
1870 Ruskin Lect. Art i. (1875) 7 Ethical and imaginative 
literature. 

3. Gram. L£¢hical dative: the dative when used 
to er 4 that a person, other than the subject or 
object, has an indirect interest in the fact stated. 

x L. Scumitz Lat. Gram. 212 This kind of dative, 
which occurs still more frequently in Greek, is called the 
Ethical Dative. 


ETHIOP. 


Ethically (e'pikali), adv. [f. prec. +-ty?.] In 
an ethical manner; according to the incipibs or 
rules of ethics ; from an ethical it of view. 


1649 Butwer Pathomyot. Pref. 12 also that shall 

er Physically and E: handle the Doctrine of 
humane affections. Sggitcent. Tongue ix. Sac3 Besides 
my subject leads me not to di ically, but Chris- 
tianly of the faults of the 1861 Sat. Rev. 21 Dec. 
636 Little can be said ethi , and nothing prudentially, 
for i i Spurceon 7'reas. Dav. 


foolish things written. 
Ps. xcii. 1 It is good ethically, for it is the Lord’s right. 
Ethicalness (e'pikalnés). [f.as prec. + -NESS.] 
The quality of being ethical. 
1678 Cupwortn Jntell. Syst. 1. v. 890 
whereof .. has not so as one of the 


The 


Ethician (epi:fan). rare. [f. L. dthic-us: see 
— A writer on ethics ; —— in ethics. 
i Mag. Feb. 
1889 cparwen te. Biovie Mag. Feb. 406 Between the 


priest. .and the ethician. .lies the activity in the 
sphere of iology and ics of writers like Ruskin. 
Ethicist (e'pisist). [f. as prec. + -1s7.] =prec. 


In mod. Dicts. 

Ethicize (e'pissiz), v. [f. as prec. + -1zE. 

1. intr. To discuss ethics ; to speak or write on 
morals, moralize. rare. 

1816 G. Cotman Br. Grins, Fire xix, They criticize, chop 


logic, ethicize, phil hize. 
3. E pen ethical; to invest with an 


trans. To 
ethical element. 

. Martineau Types Ethical Th. (1889) 11. 424 By 
Pees: izing Ethics [the school of Herbert Spencer] reverses 
the idealizing process which rather ethicizes nature, 1889 
Boyp Carpenter Bampton Lect. vii. 276 The creed .. be- 
comes ethicized. ig 

co- (e*piko-), repr. Gr. 76:«0-, combining 
form of 7@«és: see Ernic, Occurring in a few 
compound adjs. ; as Ethico-physical, -political, 
-religious, partaking of the nature of or pertain- 
ing jointly to ethics, and physics, politics, or re- 
ligion. 

1667 H. More Div. Dial, (1713) 565 The Bereshith of 
Moses bears a triple meaning. . viz. Ethico-political, Physico- 
heroine pie and Literal. 1847 De Quincey Milton Wks. 
(1863) VI. 318 For what may properly be called the Ethico- 
physical Sublime there is but one great model surviving in 


the Greek try, 1868 Bain Ment. §& Mor. Sc., Ethics 
(1875) 535 philosophical em of Neo-Platonism was 
throughout ethical or ethico-religious in spirit. 


Ethide (e'poid). Chem. [f. Era-+-pk.] A 
compound formed by the union of an element or 
a radical with the monad radical ethyl. 

1865 Opwinc in Athenzum No. 1944. 131/1 Aluminium 
ethide, and methide. 1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. VIII. 593 
The action of carbonic acid on ethyde of sodium [will pro- 
duce ketones]. 


Ethike obs. form of Hecric. 

Ethimologise, obs. form of ErymoLocize. 

Ethine: see Heruinc, Ods., contempt, scorn. 

Ethine (e‘pain). Chem. [f. Erx- Sem The 
systematic name (see -INE) of the gaseous hydro- 
carbon C,H), the bi-carbon member of the series 
CnHon—2, called also ACETYLENE. 

1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 11.61 When an electric arc 
from a powerful voltaic battery passes between carbon poles 
in an atmosphere of hydrogen, the carbon and hydrogen 
unite in the proportion to form ethine. 

Ethionic (/pinik), a. Chem. [f. E(rHER) + 
Gr. @efoy sulphur + -Ic, 

Formed by Magnus in 1833, in imitation of the terms 
cee ieee pee ene a 
rtuernor (1 

Magnus eau to have been identical with ethionic acid.] 

Ethionic acid: Cy H¢S_O, (Watts Dict. Chem.) 
produced by the action of water on Zthionic anhy- 
dride, Cy Hi, 2SOz;, formerly called Sulphate of 
carbyl (Watts Dict. Chem.), which is obtained 
brin together olefiant gas and vapour of sul- 
phuric anhydride in a tube. 

1838 T. Triomson ene dog rae 1 
— 1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 11. 174 


Ethiop (7'pip), sd. and a. arch. Also: 4-7 
ethiope, (5 ethyope), ethiop(e. [ad. L. 
Athiops, gen. Aithiop-tis, ad. Gr. Al@iop, Aidionos, 
‘Ethiopian’, commonly believed to be f. alé-ew 
to burn + éy face, and to mean primarily ‘ burnt- 
face’ (cf. al@oy ‘ fiery-looking’, later ‘sunburnt’, f. 
same or cognate elements); the formation is how- 
ever not clear, and some have supposed the word to 
be an etymologizing corruption of a foreign ethnic 
name. (In Eng. now always with initial capital.) 

The ‘ Ethiopi: * are mentioned by Homer os 5, pecate 
dwelling in the far east and the far west; in later Gr, 
name was applied chiefly to the inhabitants of Africa south 
cA pki 

<a lit. = Ermrorran; hence, usually, a 


person with a black skin, a b a 3 
To wash an (or the) Ethiop (white): to attempt 
the im ble. 


Of Ethionic 
thionic Anhy- 


your Fer. xiii. 23 Yf mai an Ethi his 
Py 1490 tine ‘Rnaple xxiii. (1890) 84 Yeon the ast 


ETHIOPESSE. 


part of therth there habitable where conuerse thethyopes. 

I Hawes Past, Pleas. xxxvu. x, Out there flew, ryght 
blacke and tedyous, A foule Ethyope. 1599 Suaxs. Much 
Ado v, iv. 38 Ile hold my minde, were she an Ethiope. 1660 
HICKERINGILL Yamaica (1661) 106 The truth whereof many 
an /Ethiope hath now unwillingly asserted. @1688 ViL- 
tiers (Dk. Buckhm.,) £. to Fulian, As sure to miss, As 
they, that wash an Ethiope’s Face. 1775 SuHeripan Rivals 
ut ii, Though I were an AEthiop. @179r Westey Serm. 
Ixviii. (1825) II. 158 In the most elegant language, she 
labours to wash the AEthiop white. 

B. attrib. and adj. 

1. = Erniopray. + £thiop line (Milton) : ? the 
equator. 

1667 Mitton P. Z, 1v. 282 By som suppos’d True Paradise 
under the Ethiop Line By Nilus head. 

2. Of the hue of an Ethiop; black. 

1600 Suaks. A. Y. L. 1. iii. 35 Ethiop vvords, blacker in 
their effect Then in their countenance. 1635 [GLAPTHORNE] 
Lady Mother v. ii. in Bullen O. PZ. II. 193 To hang this 
matchless diamond in the eare Of Ethiope Death. 1812 
Heer Transl. Pindar u. 155 Aurora’s knight of Ethiop 
hue. 1818 Keats Endymion 1. 413 The ivy mesh, Shading 
its AEthiop berries. 

+Ethiopesse. 00s. Also Aithiopesse. [f. 
prec. + -ESS, after L. -Zthiopissa (Vulg. Mem xii.), 
Gr. Al@iémooa (LXX.).] _A female Ethiopian. 

(1382 Wyciir Nud, xii. 1 The Ethiopis his wijf.] 1614 
RaceiGcu Hist. World 1.126 Josephus his Tale of an Ethiop- 
esse, wife of Moses. 1640 Harsnet God’s Summ. 272 
Moses..married an /Ethiopesse, yet could hee not change 
her hue. 

Ethiopian (7pijo«-pian), a. and sd. Also 6-7 
eethiopian, 7 ethiopean. [f. Erniop or Zthzopia: 
see -IAN, -AN.] 

A. adj. 1. Of or belonging to Ethiopia (in the 
various historical uses of the name), orto the peoples 
known to the ancients as ¢hiopes. Often used 
(now only humorously) as = ‘negro’. Lthiopian 
serenader; a ‘nigger’ minstrel, a musical per- 
former with face blackened to imitate a negro. 

1684 Friendly Advice Planters E. §& W. Indies mu. (title) 
Dialogue between an Ethiopean or Negro Slave, and a 
Christian. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1v. 413 The teeming 
Tide. spouting. down from Ethiopian Lands. 1838 Lytton 
Leila w. i, The Ethiopian guards .. marched slowly in the 
rear. 1861 Mayuew Lond. Labour III. 190 There are [in 
London] 50 Ethiopian serenaders. 

+b. adsol. with pl. sense. Ods. 

1635 Pacitr Christianography (1646) 107 The Ethiopian 
and Moscovites doe baptize in the Church porch. 

¢. in proper names of various plants. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens u1. xcviii. 281 The seconde Seseli .. 
hath leaues like Juye..The stalk is blackishe .. And this is 
counted to be the Ethiopian Seseli. 1597 Gerarp Herbal 
u. Ixi. 347 In English we have thought good to call it the 
Aethiopian are 1884 S. J. Capper in Chy. World 31 
July 575/4 Ethiopian lilies, which are exquisitely beautiful. 

2. a. Anthropology. Used by some as the dis- 
tinctive epithet of one of the races into which the 
human species is divided. b. Azo/. The distinc- 
tive epithet of one of the biological ‘regions’ of 
the earth’s surface. 

1861 Hume tr. Moguin-Tandox i. vi. 36 In the kingdom 
which he [Man] constitutes (Hominal) there is but one 

enus (Homo), and in this genus but one species (Sapiens). 

his species presents three varieties or principal races.. 
Caucasian, Mongolian, and Ethiopian. 1880 A. R. WALLACE 
Ist. Life 53, Region, Ethiopian. .Geographical Equivalent, 
Africa (south of the Sahara) with Madagascar. 

B. sé. A native of Ethiopia ; a negro, black- 
amoor. i 

1552 Hutoet, Ethiopians. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 1. iii. 
28 Is he dead, my Ethiopian? 1611 — Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 375 
This hand..as white as..Ethyopians tooth. 1686 Bunyan 
Book for Boys §& Girls (Repr.) 42 Moses was a fair and 
comely man, His wife a swarthy Ethiopian. 1727 Dr For 
Syst. Magic 1. iii. (1840) 63 Ethiopians of Arabia Felix, 
which they call the South; and who, though Arabians, are 
called Ethiopians in Scripture. 

b. An ‘Ethiopian serenader’. See A. 1. 

186x Mrs. Carty.e Ze?t. III. 81 The brass band is suc- 
ceeded by a band of Ethiopians. 

Ethiopic (7pig'pik), a. [ad. L. xthiopic-us: 
see Erurop and -1c.] 

1. Of or belonging to Ethiopia. Now only with 
reference to language, denoting the ancient lan- 
guage of Abyssinia, or to the church using this 
language in its services. 

16s9 Hammonp Ox Ps. xxii. ? Annot. 350 The A2thiopick 
sea. 1732 Lepiarp Sethos II. 4 The Phoenicians pass’d 
from the Eastern or Ethiopick sea. Pag er nee Nat. 
Hist. (1776) U1. 62 The characters of an Ethiopic manu- 
script. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Know/. 1842 In the 
Ethiopic church he [Pilate] is a saint, 

2. absol. The Ethiopic language. 

1867 Wuitney Lang. § Study of Lang. 299 The ancient 
tongue of Abyssinia, the Ethiopic or Geéz, has a litera. 


wativib. Mod. A good Ethiopic scholar. 

+E-thiops. 0s. Also ethiops. [a. L. 
xthiops lit, ‘ ETHIOP, negro,’ by medizeval chemists 
used in this sense.] 

A name given to certain black or dark-coloured 
compounds of metals. Z¢thops martial, martial 
Ethiops (L. xthiops martialis): the black oxide of 
iron. Zthiops mineral (L. x. mineralis) : the black 
sulphide . oie prepared by triturating mer- 

Vor, IT. 


| 


313 


cury and sulphur together. 
usually = e¢hzops mineral.) 

1706 Puitirs, thiops mineral, 1753 CuamBers Suppl. 
s.v., A new preparation of Athiops is given by Cruger. 17’ 
New Disp. 538/2 The sulphur .. and the mercury .. remain 
at the bottom..united into an ethiops. 1794 G. Apams 
Nat. & Exp. Philos, 1. xi. 474 The whole wire is consumed 
. the globules of iron will be found in that state called Mar- 
tial Ethiops. 1837 Brewster Magnet. 304 The powder 
which formed the basis of this paste was..martial Ethiops. 
1854 J. ScorreRN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 500 Sulphuret 
of mercury is obtained in the condition of black powder, 
formerly known by the appellation Ethiop’s eineeal 

Ethize (e'poiz), v. rare. In 9 ethise. [ad. Gr. 
6iCev to accustom, use.] “vans. (See quot.) 

1876 Grote Eth. Fragm. v. 153 All legislators try to 
ethise—to create habits among—the citizens for the purpose 
of making them good, 

Ethlete, Ethluke: see Earu C 1. 

Ethmo- (e’pmo-), combining form of Gr. 70ués 
sieve, in a few compounds of mod. formation, oc- 
curring in anatomy, with general sense ‘ pertaining 
jointly to the ethmoid bone and some other part 
of the skull’, e.g. Ethmo-frontal a. [see FRon- 
TAL], pertaining to the ethmoid and frontal bones: 
as the ethmo-frontal notch. Ethmo-maxillary a. 
[see MaxiLLary], pertaining to the ethmoid and 
to the maxillary bones: as ethmo-maxillary suture. 
Ethmo-nasal a. [see Nasa], pertaining to the 
ethmoid and to the nasal bones: as e¢hmo-nasal 
suture, Ethmo-presphenoidal a. [see PRESPHE- 
NoOIDAL], of or pertaining to the ethmoid and to the 
presphenoid bone: as ethmo-presphenoidal suture 
(Huxley). Ethmo-turbinal (plates) or Ethmo- 
turbinals [see TURBINAL], the lateral masses of 
the ethmoid bone, connected horizontally with 
each other at the upper surface by the cribriform 
plate. Ethmo-vomerine (plate) (see quot.). 

1875 BLaKr Zool. 46 The olfactory chamber of the nasal 
cavity .. contains a series of simple, longitudinally placed 
ethmoturbinals. 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 94 This pro- 
longation forwards .. forms a median plate (termed Ethmo- 
vomerine). 1881 — Caz 337 A cartilaginous expansion called 
the ethmo-vomerine plate. 

Ethmoid (epmoid), a. and sb. Anat. Also 
9 erron. ethmoid. [ad. Gr. 7@p0e574s sieve-like, 
“cribriform’ (Galen has 70p0«5és doTovv ethmoid 
bone), f. #0ués sieve: see -o1D. Cf. Fr. ethmoide.] 

A. adj. Sieve-like, finely perforated. Lthmocd 
done: a square-shaped cellular bone, situated be- 
tween the two orbits, at the root of the nose, 
containing many perforations, through which the 
olfactory nerves pass to the nose. 

1741 Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 80 Joined to the Ethmoid Bone. 
1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 583 It dives into the posterior 
ethmoid cells. 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (¢ 1865) II. 90/1 Parts 
of the olfactory capsules.. forming the compound bone 
called ‘zthmoid.’” aM: : 

B. quasi-sd. passing into sb, = ethmoid bone. 

1842 Cot. H. Smitu Nat. Library xiii. 87 The cranium.. 
may be subdivided into three compartments, the anterior 
containing the two frontal bones and the ethmoid, 1851 
RicHarpson Geol. viii. 313 The 3rd the ethmoid with the 
two frontal. 1858 Grixie Hist. Boulder vii. 121 The eye 
orbits seem to have been at the corners of the intermaxillary, 
circumscribed by the sub-orbitals and the ethmoids. 

Hence Ethmoi‘dal a. a. Of or pertaining to the 
ethmoid bone. b. = Erumorp. 

a. 1741 Monro Anat. (ed. 3), The Ethmoidal and Sphe- 
notdal [Sutures] surround the Bones of these Names. 1831 
R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 47 On each side of the ethmoidal 
notch, there is observed a triangular concave surface. 1842 
E. Witson Anat. Vade-m. 281 Ethmoidal arteries pass 
through the ethmoidal foramina. 

. 1764 Haptey in Phil. Trans. LIV. 4 The superior 
maxillary, sphenoidal and ethmoidal bones were broken 
away. 1849 E. BiytH Cuvier’s Anim. K. 39 The cranium 
subdivides into three portions: the anterior is formed by 
the two frontal and the ethmoidal bones. 

Ethmose (epméus). Phys. [f. Gr. 70u-ds sieve 
+-O8E.] A name given to cellular tissue. 


In mod. Dicts. . 

Ethnagogue (e‘pnaggg). [f. Gr. 2-05 na- 
tion + dywy-ds leader.] A leader of a nation. 

1889 GLADSTONE in 19¢/ Cent. Jan. 152 If I may coin a 
word for the occasion, he [O’Connell] was an ethnagogue. 

Ethnarch (e‘pnask). [ad. Gr. e@vapx-ns, f. 
é6v-os nation+-apxos ruler.] A governor of a 
nation or people; a ruler over a province. 

a1641 Br. Mountacu Acts § Mon. 95 They [the Jews] 
had their Ethnarchs, Toparchs, high- Priests, Rulers, 
Princes, and sometime Kings of their owne. 1692 WASHING- 
ton tr. Milton’s Def. Pop.iv, Czesar..did not appoint a 
King over them [the Jews], but a Governour, whom they 
called an Ethnarch. 1778 AptHorre Preval. Chr. 210 
Julius Cesar .. authorized Hyrcanus and his children to be 
ethnarchs of the Jews. 1879 C. Geixte Christ 30 Pompey 
set up Hyrcanus as high priest and ruler, under the title 
of ethnarch, 4 r F 

Ethnarchy (e‘pnaski). [ad. Gr. é0vapyia, f. 
2vapxns: see prec.] a. The dignity or office of 
an ethnarch. b. The dominion of, or province 


ruled by, an ethnarch. 

1612 Heywoop Afol. Actors 26 They divided their do- 
minions and contryes into principalities; some into pro- 
vinces..others into ethnarchyes. 1643 Subject of Suprem. 
68 Antipater, ,deposeth him of his Ethnarchie, 1862 Mrri- 


(Zthiops without adj. 


ETHNICISM. 


vaLe Rom. Emp. (1865) V. xlvi. 417 Syria..was still skirted 

b several tributary kingdoms or ethnarchies. 

thnic (e'pnik), @. and sé. Forms: 4-6 eth- 
nyke, 5-7 ethnik(e, 6-8 ethnick(e, (6 eth-, 
ethenicke, etneke), 7 ethnique, (ethnycke), 

6- ethnic. [ad. Gr. é@v-ds heathen, f. é0vos 
nation; in the LXX, hence in N. T. and the 
Fathers, 7d €0vn =the nations, Gentiles (rendering 
Heb. ona goyim, pl. of »2 gay, nation, esp. non- 
Israelitish or ‘ Gentile’ nation). 

The Gr. €@vos was formerly often imagined to be the 
source of Eng. Heatuen; hence the confused forms heth- 
nic, HEATHENIC, which might be regarded as corrupt variants 
of this word.] 

A. adj. 

1. Pertaining to nations not Christian or Jewish ; 
Gentile, heathen, pagan. 

c1470 Harpinc Chron. Printer’s Pref. ix, The bible bookes 
of Iudges and Kynges .. farre surmounting all ethnike 
dooynges. 1545 Upatt Erasm. Par. Pref. 3 An ethnike 
and a pagane kyng. 158: Marpeck Bk. of Notes 61 That 
all composition is against the nature of God even the 
Ethnicke Philosophers perceived. 1611 Speep //ist. Gt. 
Brit. vi. xlix. §171 Professing himselfe to be a Christian, and 
withall protesting that he would not be a soueraigne ouer 
an Ethnike Empire. 1651 Hospes Levizath, 111. xlii. 281 
Exhorted their Converts to obey their then Ethnique Princes. 
1804 Moore £is¢. 111. iii. 45 All the charm that ethnic fancy 
gave To blessed arbours o’er the western wave. 18.. 
Loner. Drinking Song vii, These are ancient ethnic revels 
Of a faith long since forsaken. 1851 CARLYLE Sterling 1. 
vii. (1872) 45, [ find at this time his religion is as good as 
altogether Ethnic, Greekish. 1873 LoweLL Asnong my Bhs. 
Ser. mu. 107 There is first the ethnic forecourt, then the 
purgatorial middle-space. 

2. Pertaining to race; peculiar to a race or 
nation; ethnological. 

185r D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) I. ix. 229 That ethnic 
stock which embraced all existing European races. 1865 
Reader 11 Feb, 163/1 The slight development of ethnic 
peculiarities in childhood. 1875 LicHtroor Comm: Col. 
(1886) 133 Heresies are at best ethnic: truth is essentially 
catholic. . 

+B. sé. One who is not a Christian or a Jew; 
a Gentile, heathen, pagan. Ods. 

01375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Barnabas 161 A part of It [the temple] 
fel done & mad a gret distruccione Of ethnykis. 1534 tr. 
Pol, Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd. Soc.) I. 169 Beinge on all 
sides beesett with the Tracherie of these rude zthenickes, 
hee was sodainlie slayne. 1588 ALLEN Admon. 37 Yf he.. 
heare not the Churche, let him be taken for an Ethnike. 
1625 B. Jonson Staple of N.u. iv, A kind of Mule! That’s 
half an Ethnick, half a Christian! 1664 Evetyn Sylva 
(1776) 614 The Ethnics do still repute all great trees to be 
divine. 1728 MorGan Algiers I. iv. 77 They look upon 
them [the Jews] as several degrees beneath .. Heathens, 
Ethnicks, Pagans, and Idolaters. 

Ethnical (epnikal), a. [f. prec. + -au.] 

+1. Of an ethnic nature or character; heathenish. 

1547 Br. Hoorer Declar. Christ v. Diij, What. . blasphemy 
of God, and Et[h]nycall idolatrie is this. 1577 NorTHBROOKE 
Dicing (1843) 67 Ethnicall sportes and pastimes. 1634 Sir 
T. Hersert 7rav. 195 The Religion of the Peguans is 
Ethnicall, knowing many but false Gods. 1702 C, MATHER 
Magn, Chr. 11. 11. xx. (1852) 447 The custom of preaching at 
funerals may seem ethnical in its origin. 

+b. Pagan;=Erunic A. 1. Ods. 

@ 1638 Meve Ws, m1. viii. 643 The Woman which escaped 
the fury of the Ethnical Dragon. 1659 W. BrouGn Sacr. 
Princ. 548 Should not .. Ethnical Rome be lesse Babylon 
then the Christian. 1762 J. Brown Poetry § Mus. xiii. 
(1763) 237 The Subjects of the narrative..may be drawn .. 
either from ethnical or sacred Story. ; ae 

2. Of or pertaining to race or races, their origin, 
and characteristics. Cf. Erunic A. 2. 

1846 Grote Greece 11. i. II. 308 Purely upon geographical 
not upon ethnical considerations, 1871 FREEMAN //7s¢. Ess. 
Ser. 1. iii. 58 As far as ethnical connexion is concerned, this 
analogy will hold good. ; 

8. Pertaining to the science of races; = ErHNo- 


LOGICAL 2. 

1862 D. Witson Preh. Man i. (1865) 4 Here then are 
materials full of promise for the ethnical student. 1884 
Publisher & Bookbuyer’s Frnt. 15 Nov. 11/2 The confused 
character of the prevailing ethnical literature dealing with 
the Sudan. 

Ethnically (cpnikali), adv. [f. prec. + -L¥?.] 

+1. In an ‘ethnical’ or heathenish manner. Ods. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & J. (1596) 117/2 This pope. .mainteined 
the filthie idolatrie of images. .commanding them most ethni- 
callie to be incensed. J : 

2. As regards race; ‘ racially’. 

1847 Grote Greece 11. xxii. III. 464 The CEnotrians were 
ethnically akin to the primitive population of Rome. 1876 
GLapsTonE Synchr. Homer. 65 No one can suppose Trojan 
and Hellene to have been .. ethnically one, though both 
were probably of the Aryan stock. 

Ethnicism (e‘pnisizm). [f Erayic + -1sM.] 
+a. Heathenism, paganism; heathenish super- 
stition; an instance of this (ods.). b. In mod. 
use without reproachful implication: The reli- 
gions of the Gentile nations of antiquity; the 
common characteristics of these as contrasted with 


Hebraism and Christianity. 

1613 Purcuas Piigr. 1x. v. § 3 (R.) Certaine Brasilians 
..had set vp a new sect of Christian ethnicisme, or mungrell- 
Christianity. 1625 Jackson Orig. Vubdeliefe xxiii. 226 
Feigned relations of a new starres appearance or other like 
Ethnicismes. 1667 WaTERHouSE Five Lond. 111 In dark- 
ness of errour and in the shadow of death through Ethni- 
cism. 1849 tr. Vitzsch’s Chr. Doctr, Pref. 7 The ari great 


ETHNICIST, 


directions of religio-historical development, Ethnicism and 
Revelation. x CARLYLE S) terling 1. ix. (1872) 54 A mind 
--occupied..with mere Ethnici: dicalism and revol 


hey SEER 
cist (e"pnisist). rave. [f. as prec. + -18T.] 
= ErHNOLoGIST. 

1846 Times 15 May 4/5 ‘Smith’ has been 
American ethnicist an Philologist to be n 
less than She it ,ora dant of Shem. 

+ Ethni-city. Os. rare—'. [f.as prec. + -ITY.] 
Heathendom, heathen superstition. 

1772 NuGent tr. Hist. Friar Gerund \, 332 From the 
curlin of the celebrated Egean waves fabulous 
ethnicity feigned Venus their idolatress conceived. 

+Ethnicize, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. as prec. 
+-IZE.] intr. To act, speak, etc. like an ‘ethnic 
or heathen. ws or 

igi ereas both Tacitus 
gee eee cake balding of tus dame af tan 
Temple, etc. ..they appear to me very much to Ethnicize in 
all these stories. 


‘thnish, a. Ods. [f. Gr. é0vos (see Erunic) 
+-ISH.] = HEATHENISH. 

1550 Becon Fortr. Faithful Prol., Walowing in al kind 
of wealthe like Ethnysh Epicures. 1563 Homilies u. Idolatry 
(1859) 187 Helene. .worshipped the King, and not the wood 
. for that is an ethnish error. 

Ethnize (epnoiz), v. rare. [f. Gr. €0v-os (ra 
20vn the nations, Gentiles: see ETHNIC) + -12E.] 
intr. To favour Gentile or heathen views or prac- 
tices. Hence E'thnizing v0/. sb., in quot. attrid. 

1847 Bucu tr. Hagenbach's Hist. Doctr. 1.42 The earliest 
heresies of which we have any trustworthy account, aj 
either as judaizing, or as ethnizing (hellenizing) tendencies. 

Ethnodicy (epngdisi). rare. [mod. f. Gr. 
é6vo-s nation + -d:xia administration of justice, f. 
dixn justice.) Comparative jurisprudence as a 
branch of ethnology. 

1889 A thenzum 21 Sept. 391/3 The labours of the [Ethno- 
graphical] Congress are organized in six sections, viz. 
general ethnology ; ethics, ethnodicy, and sociology. 

Ethnogenic (epno,dze‘nik), a. [f. next +-10.] 
Pertaining to ethnogeny. 

Ethnogeny (epnydzini). [mod. f. Gr. é6vo-s 
nation + ~yevea birth.) That branch of ethno- 
logy which treats of the origin of races, nations, 
and peoples. In mod. Dicts. 

Ethnographer (epnggrafox). [f. Eruno- 
GRAPH-Y (or Gr. é6vo-s nation + -ypa-os writer) 
+ -ER1.] One who treats descriptively of the 
races of mankind ; one who is versed in the science 
of ethnography. 

1854 H. Miter Sch. § Schm. x. (1857) 202 An evidence, the 
ethnographer might perhaps say, of its purely Celtic origin. 
1865 ‘T'yLor Early Hist. Man. viii. 202 The Ethnographer, 
who has studied the stone implements of Europe. 1884 A. 
M. Fatrpairn in Congregationalist Apr. 280 The greatest 
ethnographers, that is, the men who have most extensively 
studied the customs, the manners, the beliefs of men. 

ele, tose soar (epnogre’fik), a. [f. as prec. 
+-1c.] Of or pertaining to ethnography. 

1836 Cot. Wiseman Sc. §& Relig. 11. vii. 46 Nor is this 
confined merely to the members of the same ethnographic 
family. 1852 Tu. Ross Humboldt's Trav. 111. xxvi. 87 
The ethnographic document called E7 Auto de Figueroa, 
is one of the most curious records of the barbarism of the 
first conguistadores. 1878 Giapstone Prim. Homer 103 
These Iaones.. represent the Javan of the great ethno- 
graphic document, chap. x. of the Book of Genesis. 

thnogra‘phical, a. [f. prec. + -au.] = prec. 

1842 Pricuarp Nat. Hist. Man 473 The ethnographical 
outline which I have now cmeuiad. 1876 N. Amer. Rev. 
CXXIII. 150 Ethnographical studies have made some pro- 
ES in these later days. 1879 Farrar St. Paud I. 391 note, 

alatia had two meanings—the first ethnographical, the 
second political. 3 ; 

thnographically (epnogre'fikali), adv. [f. 
prec. +-LY2.] In an ethnographical manner; from 
an ethnographical point of view. 

1839 Fraser's Mag. XX. 712 Which, contemplated. .ethno- 
graphically..holds out .. abundant matter. 1869 Raw .in- 
son Amc. Hist. 9 Ancient History may be mapped out., 
ethnographically, according to states and nations. 

Ethnographist (epng'grifist). [f. Erano- 
GRAPH-Y + -IST.] = ETHNOGRAPHER. 

1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. V. 560 Ethnographists deal with 
tribes, and with particular institutions and. .customs. 

Ethnography (epng‘grifi). [mod. f. Gr. évo-s 
nation + -ypaqua writing.] The scientific descrip- 
tion of nations or races of men, with their customs, 
habits, and points of difference. 

1834 Penny Cycl. 11. 97 The term ethnography (nation- 
description) is sometimes used by German writers in the 
sense which we have given to anthr oy. 1857 De 
Quincey China Wks. 1871 XVI. 233  Englishman.. 
of Chinese ethnography has not a house, except in crevices 
of — 1868 arog at 2. rr (1870) 206 oye 
in truth a main key to the ethnography of the poems. 1 
Recvus in Encycl. Brit. VIII. er 5.0. E! hy em- 
braces the descriptive details, and ethnology the rational 

position, of the h aggregates and organizations. 

Ethnologer (epng'lédgaz). [f. Eranonoc-y + 
-ER!.] = Erunoocist. 

1850 MerivaLe Rom, Emp. (1865) I. v. 222 The Iberi, 
whom modern ethnologers represent as belonging to a dis- 
tinct family, 1881 Freeman Hist. Geog. Europe 1. iii. 57 
It is from Caesar, ethno’ as well as conqueror, that we 
get our chief knowledge of the country as it was in his day. 


ed by..an 
ing more nor 


Ghee 80: oi aS wht ae Obs, pe aa sy a oe Sa a 


814 
Ethnologic (epnolp'dgik), a. [f as prec. + 
nex! 


-I0.] = 
H. Srencer /ilust. Univ. aa. Hp Progress of 
kind—astronomic, geologic, nologic, social. 
(epnolp-dgikcal), a. [f. as prec. + 


-IcAL.] Of or ining to ethnology. 
gy Sack rehit. 8 Others nig rather to the 


poy and p oe inq! 3 
Homer \, 284 The ethnological formation of the different 
communities. 1861 Gen. P. ['nomrson Audi A/t. III, clxiv. 


ane ce Ses logi a ees 
tent ye 9 etc. ‘ews 19 Sept. 1/2 
collection i et ome ‘New Guinea. 


(epnolg'dzikali), adv.  [f. 
prec. +-LY2.] In an ethnological manner; from 
an ethnological point of view. 

1861 G. Moore Lost Tribes 4 A circumstance, ethnologi- 
cally idered, of much i importance, 1867 
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. ii. 36 Lothian was politically 
as well as ethnologically Hoalish 

Ethnologist (epnglédgzist). [f. Eranonoc-y 
+-18T.] One who is engaged or versed in the 
study of ethnology. 

1842 Pricuarp Nat. Hist. Man xv. aha) 132 Every new 
ethnologist subdivides the nations which his predecessor 
had connected. 1878 W. H. Dat Later Preh. Man 4 The 
ethnologist..may rifle their burial places. 1881 Atlantic 
Mag. XLVII. 232 The ethnologist, who deals with skulls 
and statures and complexions. 


Ethnologize (epnglédzaiz), v. [mod. f. as 
prec.+-IZE.] intr. To speculate on ethnological 
questions. 


1873 Wuitney Orient. Stud. 224 If our author will not 

allow the etymologists to ethnologize, etc. 

ology (eng lédzi). [f. Gr. €6vo-s nation 
+ -Aoyia discourse: see -LOGY.] The science 
which treats of races and peoples, and of their 
relations to one another, their distinctive physical 
and other characteristics, etc. 

1842 Pricuarp Nat. Hist. Man 132 The 7 of nations 
termed ethnology, must be mainly founded on the relations 
of their languages. 1847 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1V. 358 
Dr. Bethune made some remarks on ethnology, a term he 
er to rey ap 1878 Lussock Preh. Times 

ref. 9 Ethnology in fact is passing at present through a 
phase from which other sciences have cakshy emerged. 

thnomaniac (epnoméini&k). [f. Gr. €0vo-s 
nation + Mantac.] One who is crazy about the 
rights of ‘ nationalities’. 

1863 S. Epwarps Poles Captivity 11. 140 The political 
ethnomaniacs to be consistent ought to propose the an- 
nexation of Alsace to some German state. 

uasi-adj, 1886 Sat. Rev. 16 Jan. 69 The game, from the 
ethnomaniac point of view, may be regard 1 as won. 

Ethnopsychology (e:pno,saikp'lédzi). [f. Gr. 
é6vo-s nation, people + PsycHoLtoGy.] The in- 
vestigation of the psychology of races and peoples. 

1886 Lana in 19th Cent. XIX. 58 For this method [philo- 
logical] we propose to substitute .. the method of Vilker- 
psychologie. .or ethnopsychology. 

Hence E:thnopsycholo‘gical a., of or pertain- 
ing to ethnopsychology. 

1885 C. Lowe Bismarck 11. 131 note, The ethnopsycho- 
logical protien which lies concealed in the nature of the 
Oriental. ; - 

Ethography (7)p‘grafi). jeee: f. Gr. 900-s 
character + -ypapia writing.) ‘The description of 
the morals and characteristics of man’. 

1878 in Krautn Vocab. Philos. Se. 

thologic (7polpdzik),a. [f. Ernonoc-y + -10.] 
= next. 1864 in Wester; and in mod. Dicts. 

Ethological (7polpdzikal), a. [f-asprec. + -AL.] 

1. Pertaining to ‘ethology’. a. According to 
the Dicts.: Pertaining to ethics. b. In recent use 
(after J. S. Mill): Pertaining to the science of 
human character. 

I in Bartey (folio). 1775 in AsH. 1843 Mitt Logic 
vite The ethological cor Lid dlc of ontndes circum- 
stances of position. 1883 W. Minto in Academy 29 Dec. 
425 The son is ae one for the most exacting 
student of ethological truth, 

2. Pertaining to the scientific study of customs. 

_~ Max Mier Chis (1880) II. xxv. 266 What may be 
call 4 ethological as distinguished from ethnological re- 
searches. 

Bshologiss (zpplédgist). [f. L. e¢holog-us, Gr. 
H0orby-08 (f. #00-s character + -Aoyos one who dis- 
courses) + -IST.] 

+1. [=Gr. )00A6-y0s] One who portrays character 
by imitative gestures and facial expression; a 
mimic. Obs.~° 

F tan in Bamtey (folio). 1775 in Asn. , 

. One who treats of, or is versed in, the science 
of ethology} a writer on ethics, 

1828 in Wesster ; and in mod. Dicts, i 

Etho (¢pp'lédzi). [ad. L. éthologia, a. Gr. 
HOoroyia, f. HO0r : see prec. and -LoGy.] 

+1. The portrayal of character by mimic ges- 
tures; mimicry. Ods.-° 

e% in Brount er 1721-1800 in Bare, 

+2. According to the Dicts.: The science of 
ethics ; also, a treatise on manners or morals. Ods. 

1678-1706 in Puitiirs. 1721-1800 in Battery. R 

3. In recent use (after J. S, Mill); The science 
of character-formation. 


Delineation of character ; moral portraiture. Also 


Instruct. Examples of such ipti 
ne ranean pl Descrij 


1800 in BaiLey. 
+ E:thopoetic, a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Gr. 700- 


mointin-ds, f, #00-s character + monrixds, f. moreew 
tomake,represent.] Intended torepresent character 
or manners. 
1652 Urqunart Jewel Wks. (1834) 228 [Crichtoun] begun 
omen e «i ‘enetiana, with such a flourish of mimick 
ethopoetick 


gestures. 

|| Ethos (pps). [mod.L., a. Gr. 90s character, 
a ’s nature or di ition. Used by Eng. 
writers in certain particular applications.] 

1. [After Arist. Rhet. 1. xii-xiy.] The charac- 
teristic spirit, prevalent tone of sentiment, of a 
peopleor community; the ‘genius’ of an institution 
or system. 

1851 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. & Eng. v. 691 The Roman- 
ized Danes conformed to the ethos of the Carlovingian 
monarchy. 1859 W. F. Wincrieitp Tour in Dalmatia 27 
This lence of the Italian e and ethos exists. .not 
only in the maritime cities, etc. Contemp. Rev. i? 
245 The ethos of Catholic sacerdotal life is altogether dif- 

erent. 

2. In reference to ancient zesthetic criticism and 
rhetoric. 

Aristotle’s statement that Polygnotus excelled all other 
painters in the rep: ion of ‘ethos’ —- meant simpl 
that his pictures ‘character’; but as ‘Arieteths 
elsewhere says that this painter portra’ men as nobler 
than they really are, some mod. writers have taken ethos to 
mean ‘ ideal excellence.’ The opposition of ethos and  acrgoed 

‘ch * and ‘ ion’), often wrongly ascril to 
Aristotle’s theory of art as expounded in the Poetics, really 
belongs only to Greek rhetoric. 

1875 Ma pe rent oe ee: Brit. foe 359 $¥: Archz- 

» t 9 to the in olygnot 
sg dai ie a dinnified heatiag ia bo fi cok a 
measured movement throughout his compositions. 188 
Q. Rev. Oct. 542 The real is preferred to the ideal, transient 

ion to per t li pathos to ethos. 
+Ethroclyte, sd. Var. of HereRociiTe: here 
used ¢ransf. in pl. for: Perplexed condition, state 
of frenzy. (See Du Cange s.v. Diversiclinium.) 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 154 Thadmyral..beyng in the 
ethroclytes in his entendement, cryed and sayd. 

1 (e'pil). Also 9 ethyle. [f. Eru-rr + -y1 
=Gr. vAn matter. The name was originally given 
by Berzelius, whose spelling ethule was at first 
adopted in Eng.] The hypothetical radical of the 
dicarbon series (C. H;), the base of o1 
alcohol, common ether, and acetic acid, and of 
a large series of organic compounds, into the 
names of which the word enters attributively, as 
Ethyl hydride C,H, (=C,H,H), Ethyl chloride 
C,H;Cl, Ethyl iodide C,H;1, Ethyl alcohol 
C,H,0O. 

Ethyl is sometimes denoted by the symbol E or (latterly) 
Et. Originally the name was used for what is now called 
Drernyt (in mod. notation CyHip or Ety); this was isolated 
by Frankland in <a ethyl in its single-molecule form 
is known only in combination. 

Proc, Amer. Phit. Soc. 1. 31x Mr. read a com- 
munication entitled ‘On the Perchlorate of the Oxide of 
Ethule.’ 1850 Dauseny Atom. Th. vii. (ed. 2) 219 If we 

a body to exist, consisting of CiHs..it has 


been proposed to designate it by the term eth: 1862 Sir 
H. Hottanp Ess., Mod. Chem. 4, Ena the radheal of 


may be as water in 
has been by ethyl. Warts Fownes’ 
Chem. U1. 42 Whether we naan it [ethane] as ethyl-hydride 
..or as dimethyl. . this arrang ins the same. /did. 
II. 47 Ethane. .is formed..by the action of zinc and water 
on ethyl iodide. 

Hence many derivatives, names of compounds 
containing ethyl, as E:thylamime, a compound 
(NH,C,H,) of the ammonia t in which one 
of the hy atoms of ammonia is replaced by 
ethyl ; also ethyl-ammonia, Evthylate, a 
salt of the radical ethyl, in which ethyl takes the 
place of the oxygenated group in a metallic salt. 
Ethylene, the diatomic x tag ono or olefine 
of the ethyl series, C, Hy; known as Ethene, 
Olefiant gas, or Heavy Carburetted Hydrogen, an 
important constituent of coal gas. Bthylia, a 
synonym of Ethy/amine; now disused. Ethy'lica., 
of ethyl ; =Erxyt, used gegereed as in Zthylic 

anate = Ethyl cyanate = Vinic cyanate. 

a actieay tee Th. viii. (ed. 2) “f *Ethylamine.. 


1850 
here it of hr ethyle. 
ie Dice ote I So vera! abide Gasting n't 


animal and vegetable afford —— on dis- 
tillation with 5 Athenzum No. 1937. 788/3 
The *ethylate of acetyl. Med. Temp. Send uly 165 


ETIKE, 


Report on the use of Ethylate of Sodium (Sodium Alcohol). 
1869 Roscor Elem. Chet. 358 *Ethylene, known as olefiant 
gas, has already been mentioned. 1878 A. GREEN Coa vi. 207 
One of the most important of these hydro-carbons is known 
as ethylene or ethene, 1881 Athenzum 26 Feb. 303/1 By 
heating glycol with an excess of fuming hydrochloric acid 
in a sealed tube to 100°, the author has converted this sub- 
stance into be gee dichloride. 1873 Witt1amson Chem. 
Jor Stud. 241 This remarkable base was called ethylamine 
7 Wiirtz, its discoverer, but is now more commonly called 
*Ethylia. 1869 Eng. Mech. 26 Nov. 255/3 Circumstances 
lead the operator to suspect that hydro-carbon to be *ethylic 
hydra, 1873 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 580 Ethylic ether is 

iso called common ether, or simply ether. 

Etik,e, obs. forms of Hxcric. 

Btin, var. of Eren, Oés., giant. 

Etine, -un, -yn, obs. ff. pa. pple. of Ear. 

Etiolate (z‘tioleit). [f. Fr. ézo/er (see -aTE3 6), 
of dialectal origin, from Norm. (s°)éieuler to grow 
into haulm, f. éeule, OF. esteule, esteulle:—L. 
stipula straw.] 

1. trans. To render (a plant) pale or colourless 
by excluding the light from it ; to blanch. 

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 1. 45 note, Celery blanched or 
etiolated for the table by excluding the light from it. 1822 
Imison Sc. & Art II. 34 Plants that grow in darkness are 
pas and without colour, and .. are said to be etiolated, or 

lanched. 1833 WHEWELL Astron. (Bridgew. Treat.) 1. xiii. 
99 Celery is in this manner blanched or etiolated. 1879 
Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v. Albino, No chlorophyll is formed, and 
they [Albino plants] are said to be etiolated. 

2. transf. To give a pale and sickly hue to (a 
human being or his skin). 

1842 PricuarD Nat, Hist. Man 78 The skin is also white, 
or etiolated. 1864 R. F. Burton Dahome II. 66 note, We 
may etiolate them [females] as in New England. 

3. fig. (See next, AAI. a.) 

4. intr. To become white or whiter; to blanch; 
to be whitened by exclusion of sunlight, as plants. 

1828 in WexsTeR; and in mod. Dicts. 

Etiolated (7-tioleitéd), f/. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
Blanched, pallid, colourless. Also fig. 

Sir H. Davy in Beddoes Contrib, to Phys. §& Med. 
Knowledge 186 The whiteness of etiolated vegetables is 
occasioned by the deficiency of light. 1848 C. Brontis ¥. 
Eyre (1857) 146, I..left a bullet in one of his poor etiolated 
arms. 1852 TH. Ross Humboldt’s Trav. M1. xxii. 359 It 
is caoutchouc in a particular state, I may almost say an 
etiolated caoutchouc. 1857-81 O. W. Hotes in Old Vol. 
of Life (1883) 60 This poor human weed, this dwarfed and 
etiolated soul. 1866 Reader 15 Dec. 1005 Examples of the 
kind of etiolated theology. 1879 A. MoncreDIEN Free Trade 
§ Eng. Comm. (ed. 4) 26 These industries. .are for the most 
part sickly, nerveless, and etiolated. 

Etiolation (‘tiolzijon). [f. Ertouare v. : see 
-ATION.] The action of etiolating ; the process of 
becoming, or the condition of being, etiolated. 

1799 Str H. Davy in Beddoes Contrib. to Phys. & Med. 
Knowledge 188 Plants, in the process of etiolation, lose the 
light combined with their leaves, and become white. 1816 
Keitu Phys. Bot. 1. 498 Etiolation may also ensue from the 
depredation of insects. 1844 NV. Brit. Rev. Il. 81 Newton 
smoked himself into a state of absolute etiolation. 1845 
CartyLe Cromwell (1873) 1. i. 9 This is the collapse, the 
etiolation of human features into mouldy blank. 1882 
Vines Sachs’ Bot. 754 It is remarkable that etiolation does 
not extend to the flowers. 

Etiolin (f‘tidlin). [f Ertot-are + -1n.J A 
yellow modification of chlorophyll formed in plants 
growing in the dark. 

1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 747. 


Etiolize (Ztidloiz), v. rare. [f. Fr. dtéol-er + 
-1ZE.] trans, = Eriouate. Hence Htioli-zed 


ppl. a. 


1884 Trans. Victoria Institute 40The young shoots, pale, 
et and delicate from the hour they show their tiny 
leaves. 


Etiological, var. of AETIOLOGICAL. 

1834 J. Forses Laennec’s Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 451 Our 
etiological researches, 1862 Lewis Astron. Ancients i. 4 
An etiological legend. 

Etiologist (Ztiglédzist). [f. next +-1sT.] One 
who studies etiology or the science of causes. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 174 One of the points of 
minute anatomy that have most exercised. .the imagination 
of etiologists. 1866 Times 17 Aug. 10/3 The etiologist will 
be the better enabled to estimate aright the influence of 
other insanitary elements. 

Etiology, var. of ArroLocy. 

1656-81 BLount Glossogr., Etiology, a rendering of a 
cause, a shewing of reason. 1832 LyeLt Princ. Geol. II. 
240 The etiology of our science. 1861 T. Granam Pract. 
Med. 26 The etiology of disease, 188 M. L. Knapp Dis- 
asters 7 Astronomical eticlogy. 

Etiquette (etiket) [a. Fr. étiguette (:-OF. 
estiquette), The primary sense in Fr. is repre- 
sented by Eng. Ticker (an adoption either of the 
word or the synonymous étiguwet :—estiquet) ; in 
OF, the word chiefly denotes a soldier's billet. 
The transition from the sense ‘ticket, label’ to 
that of ‘prescribed routine’ presents no intrinsic 
difficulty, but its actual history in Fr. is not very 
clear ; the other mod. Romanic langs. have adapted 
the word from Fr. in the secondary sense; It. 
etichetta, Sp. etigueta (‘a book of ceremonies hid 
in the king’s palace’, Del Pino Sf. Dict. 1763).] 

1. a. The prescribed ceremonial of a court ; the 


315 


formalities required by usage in diplomatic inter- 
course. b. The order of procedure established by 
custom in the army or navy (esf. with reference to 
promotion), in parliament, etc. ec. The conven- 
tional rules of personal behaviour observed in the 
intercourse of polite society; the ceremonial ob- 
servances prescribed by such rules. d. The un- 
written code of honour by which members of certain 
professions (esp. the medical and legal) are pro- 
hibited from doing certain things deemed likely to 
injure the interests of their brethren, or to lower 
the dignity of the profession. 

a. 1750 Cuesterr. Lett. 19 Mar., Without hesitation 
kiss his [the Pope’s] slipper or whatever else the étiguette 
of that court requires. /6zd. (1792) IV. 187 Over head and 
ears engaged in ceremony and é¢zqguette. 1797 BurKE Regic. 
Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 329 Etiquette .. had it’s original ap- 
plication to those ceremonial and formal observances prac- 
tised at Courts .. The term came afterwards .. to signify 
certain formal methods used in the transactions between 
sovereign States. 1865 LivincsTone Zambesi v. 110 They 
keep perfect time in this species of court etiquette. 

b. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India Il. v. v. 512 It was to 
him that, in etiquette, the command of the expedition be- 
longed. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 667 A proceeding, 
conducted .. with such minute attention to prescriptive eti- 
quette, 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Etiquette, naval 
or military observances, deemed to be law. 1875 Stusss 
Const. Hist. 111. xx. 459 The later etiquette of procedure on 
money bills, will be sought in vain in the rolls of the 
medizval parliaments. 

c@ . STERNE Sext. Fourn., The Letter, 1 was not 
altogether sure of my etiquette, whether I ought to have 
wrote or no. 1779 J. Moore View Soc. Fr. 11. li. 21 For 
all etiquette of this nature is waved even in Germany at the 
tables d’ Hétes. 1800 Mrs, Hervey Mourtray Fam. 1V. 
10 A formal dinner; which, according to his ideas of eti- 
quette, he thought himself obliged to give. 185 RoBERTSON 
Serm. Ser. 1. xvili. (1866) 301 Man is..aslave. .to etiquette. 
1876 Miss Brapvon ¥. Haggara’s Dau, II. 164 After tea. . 
the bondage of etiquette was loosened. 

pl. 1859 THackeray Virgin. xxiii. 181 A little place with 
its pompous ways, small etiquettes and punctilios. 

d. 1868 RoGers Pol. Econ. ii. (1876) 15 The etiquette of 
certain professional functions prescribes that a service should 
be divided. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. 382 A 
code of etiquette forbids them [lawyers] to undertake 
certain sorts of work. 

+2. A rule of etiquette; an observance pre- 
scribed by etiquette. Chiefly A/. Ods. 

177% Funius Lett, xlii. 225 note, This diplomatic lord has 
spent his life in the study and practise of etiquettes. 1779 
Burcoyne Let, to Constituents (ed. 3) 7 A court etiquette 
was invented .., viz. that the persons whose conduct was so 
put in question, should not appear at Court pending the en- 
quiry. 1807 Cocan Eth. Treat. Passions 1. ii. (R.), Ludi- 
crous offences against the laws of custom, or the etiquettes 
of fashion. 1812 Eaix. Rev. XX. 76 Some of the etiquettes 
known in our legal and parliamentary oratory. 1816 Keat- 
INGE Trav. I. 277 Some of the etiquettes of his majesty’s 
court are rather whimsical. 

3. In the primary Fr. sense: A label. rare. 

1867 Vcr. Potuincton Halfround Old World 121 German 
matches. .with the remarkable lines, ‘If you want a light, 
I'll shine so bright,’ printed on the etiquette. é 

Hence Evtiquetted Z//. a., given up to etiquette. 

1861 H. A. T1ttey Fafax 385 The contrast altogether be- 
tween them and the etiquetted ladies of Europe. 
_tEttisie, e'tisis. O05. [cf. Fr. étiste; app. 
irreg. f. med.L. e¢ica, L. hectica (see HECTIC sé.) on 
analogy of phthiste, phthisis.| = Hectic sd. 

1527 Anprew Brunswyke’s Distyll, Waters clxxviii. 
Mijb, For the Ptisicis and etisis, and for the consumynge 
sekenesse of the longues. 1582 Hester Sec. Phiorav. 11. 
ii. 6 It helpeth muche against the Etisie, and against all 
sortes of Catarres. 

Evtist. rave. [f. Gr. 77-2 the name of the letter 
7 + -18T.] One who pronounces the Greek letter 7 
as (2), not (Z); =Eracisr. 

1839 Haram Hist. Lit. v. 1. § 25 Distinguished from the 
Etists of Erasmus'’s party. 

Etna (etna). Also 9 etna. [f. the name of 
the volcano.] A vessel (in the form of an inverted 
cone placed in a saucer) for heating a small quan- 
tity of liquid by burning some kind of spirit. 

1832 Athenzum g June 375 (Advt.), Jones's /Etnas for 
boiling half a pint of water in three minutes. 1870 Eng. 
Mech. 18 Mar. 659/1, I have an Etna with which I can 
produce a pint of boiling water in eight minutes. 1880 M. 
Cotuins 7h. in Garden Il, 263 Ask my placens uxor to 
mull some claret in the etna. 

|| Etoile (toil, etwal). [a. Fr. éoz/e star.] 

+1. Fortif. A small fort or redoubt in the shape 
of a star. Ods. 

1730-6 Battey (folio), Ezoi/e, a small fort or work of 4, 5, 
or 6, or more points, a star redoubt, 1775 in Asn. 

2. Her. A heraldic charge consisting of a star 
with wavy points or rays. Cf. ESTOILE. 

1766 Porny Heraldry Gloss., Etoile, the French word for 
a Star, 1882 Cussans Heraldry 103 Etoile is represented 
with six wavy points. 

3. Comb. 

1789 Mrs. Prozzt Yourn. France 11. 287 The public walks 
and drives. .are formed etoile-wise. 

Etonian (:townian). [f. Zon + -1an.] One 
educated at Eton College. 

¢ ar Georce III in Etonzana y. 81 You were an Etonian. 
Bs ISRAELI Coningsby 1. xi, The Lord of the equipage .. 
as an old Etonian, placed in the hands of the Albanian his 
contribution, 


ETTLE. 


Etrurian (‘triirian), z. and sd. Also 7 He- 
trurian. [f. ErruriA+-an.] A. adj. Of or be- 
longing to Etruria. B. sd. A native of Etruria. 

1623 Cockeram 11, Decii, the Sonne [vowed himself] 
against the Hetrurians. 1653 Urquuart Radelais 1. i, 

etrurian Letters. 1667 Mitton P. Z.1. 303 In Vallom- 
brosa, where th’ Etrurian shades High overarch’t imbowr. 
1842 Lytron Zanonz 23 As old as Greek or Etrurian fable. 

Etruscan (‘trvskin), a. and sd. Also 8 He- 
truscan. [f. L. etresc-us + -ANn.] A. adj. Of 
or belonging to ancient Etruria or its people; 
absol. the language of the Etruscans (in quot. 1817 
jocularly used for ‘ Tuscan’). B. sé. One be- 
longing to the Etruscan nation. 

1706 Hearne Collect. 14 Dec. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 312 The 
Hetruscan inscription. 1773 Monsoppo Lang. (1774) I. ut. 
xii. 580 The Latin and Hetruscan. 1817 Byron Bepfo xxxi, 
For few Italians speak the right Etruscan. 1841 W. Spacp- 
NG /taly & [t. Ist. I. 44 The Etruscans, a separate race, 
whose origin is still quite uncertain, 1882 Ouipa Maremma 
I. 17 His name was the old Etruscan name. 

Etslopen, -stand, -stent, -stunt: see At-. 

-ette, sufix, forming diminutive sbs., represents 
OF. -e¢¢e, the fem. form corresponding to the masc. 
-et: see-ET. In early Eng. use the Fr. -e¢ and -edfe 
(OF. -e¢e) were not clearly distinguished, and in 
15th c. -e/¢e is a mere variant spelling of -e¢; e.g. the 
OF. dasinet occurs sometimes in Eng. as dasznette. 
The older adoptions of Fr. words in -e¢fe, so far 
as they survive, are now written with -ET; the 
spelling -et¢e belongs chiefly to words introduced 
since 17th c., as chemisette, cigarette, eprouvette, 
etiquette, pipette, serviette. During the present 
century a few words have been formed by the 
addition of -e¢fe to Eng. sbs.; most of these, as 
leaderette, sermonette, essayette, can scarcely be 
said to be in good use, though often met with in 
newspapers; wagonette, however, is well estab- 
lished. Formations of this kind are very common 
in the names given by manufacturers to materials 
intended as imitations of something else: one 
such word which has come into general use is 
leatherette. 

1849 J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. LXVI. 19 This side of 
the glen .. is known to be a descent but by the pretty little 
cataractettes playing at leap-frog, 1887 Mod. Newspaper, 
Great sale of Brussellette carpets. Messrs. ——’s plushettes. 

Ettercap (ctaikep). Sc. Also 8 ethercap. 
[var. form of ATTERCOP.] 

1. A spider ; = ATTERCOP I. 

2. fig. An ill-humoured person ; = ATTERCOP 2. 

1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheps. w. i, Tis dafter like to thole 
An ether-cap like him to blaw the coal! ¢1750 A. Ropert- 
son in Scott Wav. lxiv, A fiery etter-cap, a fractious chiel. 
1820 Blackw. Mag. VIII. 15 That ettercap.. is flying 
through the town likeashunky. 1840 Fraser's Mag. XXII. 
478 A cool temper..I’m sure yon fiery ettercap has not. 

Hence ettercapped, A//. a., inflicted by a spider. 

1721 Ramsay Poems, To Gay xii, Ye may smile at ether- 
copit stings With careless pride. 

Etterlin (c‘toilin). Ing etterling. ‘A cow 
which has a calf when only two years old’ (Jam.). 

1863 NV. Brit. Daily Mail 5 May, Among the live stock, 
some very fine etterlings brought over 12/, a head. 

Ettick, obs. form of HEcric. 

Ettin, var. form of Eren, Ods., giant. 

Ettle (et’l), v. Since 14th ec. only xorth. dial. 
Forms: 3 atli-en, 3-5 atle, 3-4 zorth. (h)aght-, 
eghtel, -il, 4-5 attel(e, -y, attle, ettill(e, (4 aghli, 
ahtil, atyle, eitle, ettele, -elle, -ylle, 5 attel(, 
atthill, ettil, 6 attile), 4-6 etle, (7 attill, 7-9 
dial, eckle), 3— ettle. [a. ON. xé/a (also et/a, atla) 
to think, conjecture, purpose, destine, apportion :-+ 
prehistoric *ahtd/a, *ehtla (whence some of the 
ME. forms), f. OTeut. *ahtd (OE. eaht, OHG. 
ahta, mod.G. acht) consideration, attention, f 
root of Goth. aka ‘vos’, understanding, ama 
soul. From the same nominal base without -/- 
suffix are OE. eahtian, OHG. ahtén (mod.G. ach- 
ten) to esteem, consider.] : ; 

I. To purpose (and senses derived from this). 

1. trans. a. With inf. as obj. (usually preceded 
by ¢o): To intend, purpose, plan; to make it 
one’s object, to endeavour, (In most instances 
this may be taken as zz¢r. with inf. of purpose ; 
hence the vb. was occas. followed by ¢thereto re- 
ferring to an inf. in context.) : 

1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Wolde him seluen wreke gif 
he mihte and berto ettled and abit his time. a1300 Cursor M. 
16384 (Cott.) O yur king pat es in hand, quat aghtel yee do 
pan? 1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. 5784 A doghter. .Pe whilk 
he SSS a specialy And eghtild to mak hir qwene of wor- 
shepe. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut, 27 An aunter in erde I 
attle to schawe. ¢1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Magdalena 279 
pi husband eitlise pare-to..To helpe be puyre of his riches. 

a@1400 Morte Arth, 520 Syr Arthure es thyne enmye fore 
ever, And ettelles to bee overlynge of pe empyre of Rome. 
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 2965 Hit were..semly for wemen, Paire 
houses to haunt & .. pere onesty attell to saue. a@ 1400-50 
Alexander 15, 1 forwith og all ettillis to schewe Of ane 
Emperoure. 1674 Ray N.C. Words 16 Eckle or Ettle, to 
aim, intend, design, 1808 J. Mayne Sid/er sar Ph To bell 

-2 


ETTLE. 


the cat wi’ sic a scrow, Some swankies ettled. 1863 J. 
Nicuotson Poems, The Burnie, So bent on the bauble we 


ettle aye to win, The best o’ life’s bl we lee far behin’. 
b. With sd. (or pron.) as obj.: To purpose, 
seek to bring about (a result), 
1513 Douctas neis xu. xiii. 14 Quhat purposis or etlis 
thou now? lat see. 1774 C. Kerra Farmer's Ha’ 35 They 
wad think it a braw scheme. . Mischief to ettle. 


ec. refl. To intend (= ON. aélask). 

2a1400 Morte Arth. 554, Bee Est -let 
To hostaye in Almayne. Pepe any 7 2829 say Buble 
MS.) Pou. .ettlys be LA. [Ashm. MS. etils to] sir Alexander efte 
to assayle. 

2. To destine, ordain, assign. Const. dat. of 
persons, for, to; also simply, and with comple- 
ment or complemental inf. _ 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 9426 (Cott.) Qua herd euer spek o mare 
bliss, Pan aghteld Trin. ordeyned] was adam and his? 
Ibid. 21759 Godd pat tils ilkin stat. cx1g400 Destr. 
Troy 394 She was eldist heire etlit to his londes. Jdid. 
6775 Pepull, pat by ordynaunse of Ector was etlit vee bre 
1513 DosGi as Maes i. 30 This Goddes etlit. . This n 
to be..mastres To all landis. 1818 Scorr Rob Pig 3 xxxiv, 
“He drees the doom he ettled forme’. AING in 
Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. mt. 29 I'll bless the doom I 
hae to dree That ettled her, my Highland maid, To dwell 
in Borristoun wi’ me! ; 

. To direct (speech or actions) to an object; 
esp. to aim (a blow or missile) a¢ a person or a 
mark (also fig.) ; adsol. or intr. to take aim (a¢). 

c 1400 Destr. Troy 6399 He auntrid vpon Ector, atlit hym 
adynt. «1400-50 Alexander 2322 To all you of atthenys 
pus atthill I my sawes. c1470 Henry Wallace vu. 269 
Bot Wallace .. Folowed on him, and a straik etlyt fast. 
a1soo Eger & Grine 992 in Furniv. Percy Folio 1. 385 
Grine. .attilde him a dint that bote full well. 1513 Douctas 
AE nets v. ix. 37 Mynestheus .. Onto the heid has halit wp 
on hie, Baith arrow and ene etland at the merk. 1830 GALT 
Lawrie T. 1. i. (1849) 3 To ettle at butts. 1862 Hislop 
Prov. Scot. 7 Aft ettle, whiles hit. 

Jig. 1830 Gatt Lawrie T. II. 1. xi. 90, I was per- 
suaded he had something to ettle at me. 
b. zntr. To direct one’s course. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 25996 Hete we nu — eotend bi-lafuen and 
atlien [c 1275 go we] to pan kinge. ~70 Alex. & Dind. 
15 Pat Alixandre wib his ost asia dire. c1400 Destr. 
Troy 7424 Ector eftirsons ettlyt on Achilles. /id. 8989 
Eneas afterward etlit anone. 1§13 Douctas nets 1x. ix. 
66 Quhayr thikkest was the res thar etlishe. 1876 Whitby 
Géoss., * Ill ettle for yam’, Ill turn my steps homeward. 

ce. To aim at (a thing) ; ; to make an effort a¢. 

1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. 1. ii, When a they ettle at— 

their greatest wish Is to be made o’ and obtain a kiss. 1820 


Scorr Monxast, xvii, They that ettle at the top of a ladder 
will at least get up some rounds. 28 F. Rosinson 
in Gloss. W. Riding Yorksh. (E. D. S.) s.v. Ettle, I've 


been ettling after a new place. 

4. To arrange, set in order, range; to prepare. 

@ 1310 in Wright Lyric P. ix. 35 Hire teht aren .. Evene 
set ant atled al. c 1400 Destr. vo 2376 Arowes and other 
geire atled I anon. 

b. rvefl. To prepare oneself. Cf. 1c. 
a 1400-50 Alexander 1157 Pan etils him sir Alexander. 
1515 Scot. Field 180 Our english men ful merrilye attilde 
em to shoote. Jbid. 318 Soe eagerly with Ire attilld 
them to meete. 
II. 5. trans. 
Also adsol. 

¢ 1205-75 [cf. Erriinc vd. sd. h. ome Will. Palerne 813 
Aisauboitas anon atteled pat time, & knewe wel bi hire 
ee Ybid. 941 Alysaundrine anon attlede alle here 

u3ztes. 

Hence Ettlement, intention. E‘ttler, a schemer, 
an aspirant. 

1787 Grose Provinc. Gloss., Ettlement, intention. 1825- 
ego Ettlement, intention. 1823 Gait &. Gilhaize 

xxx, His father, throu ugh all the time of the first king 
Charles, an eydent ettler for preferment. 

Ettle (e't’l), 54.1 [f. Errue v.] 

= Aim, intent, purpose. 

Buns Tam o Shantery 213 Nannie .. flew at Tam 
—_ ettle. 1832- SF Whist. -Binkie (Se. Songs) Ser. 
Mg 51 Ill tarry nane to tell... The ettle o’ my eeran. 

2. Chance, opportuni 

1768 Ross Helenore i, 
burnt my breast, Made me to tak the ettle when it keest. 
e, Ss 5.2 Dial. form of Nerrix; cf. adder 
for nadder, etc. 

1688 Churchw. Acc. Minchinghampt. in Archaeol. XXXV. 
451 For cutting of ettles. 1842 Akerman Wiltsh. Gloss., 

ttle, anettle, 1884 Upton-on-Severn Gloss., Ettles, nettles. 

Evttling (e'tlin), vd/. sd. Obs. exc. north. [f. 
Errie v.+-1NG1.] The action of the vb. Errie. 

1. Intention, purpose ; also, endeavour, 

13248 Z.£. Aw. ee B, 688, & alle myneatlyngto Abraham 
vn-haspe bylyu: Barsour Bruce 1. 587 Off hys etlyng 

cht va tf AS an & covestel tel Ri oP ‘3 

‘aints, Magda 5 sowne bai arywin; n 

Forcsnras quhare etline had. ¢1470 Henry Wallace x. 166 

nan, bot it had ben his king At mycht that 

beg him fra his etlyng. 1822 Gait Steam-Boat 125 

Gan, there was an ettling beyond discretion perhaps 
in thi is. 

+ 2. Conjecture, estimation. Widuten eni etlunge 
(early ME.): without any guessing, unquestion- 
ably. Ods. 

¢1a05 Lay. 25761 Bi atlinge [c 1275 hatling) heom pbuhte 
pritti uodere. eae ti Meid. f 39 Muche ont pe 
widuten eni ——- at Alien to ‘ha seluen. porn oe 
Warde in Cott. Hom. 263 Wid uten ei etlunge pen of his 
ahne gleadunge. 

+38. Preparation. Obs. 


To guess, conjecture, divine. 


at fainness to be hame, that 


316 


hog pow sommes pe With atling of are- 

cae Obs. [? ad. ay tachier, etachier 
a. . estachier, ¢i 

“qooan] trans. To attach, 


1483 | or oblygacion 
“Btui, ich Jhesu Cryst 7/+, Chirograpie it to the crosse. 

etwee Forms: 7 estuife, 
R--—% ettuy, ettwee, 7/. etweese, 8 etuis, 
etuy, 7- etwee, 8-etui. [a. Fr. 4uz, OF. estut 
= Pr. estui, estug (med.L. estugium, 1231, Du 
Cange), according to M. Paul Meyer a vbl. sb. f. 
F. estuter, Pr. estuiar, estugar (:—late L. ‘ype 
*stugare) to keep, guard, hold in custody. ( 
Pr. form is inconsistent with the commonly as- 
sumed identity with the synonymous Sp. estuche, 
It. astuccio,) Cf. TWEEZE. 

In the forms Fata ge 4 estwefe in Florio the _/ may be a 
misprint for s; if not, these forms suggest some sort of asso- 
ciation with huswife sabseguentty used in the same sense.] 

A small case, ly ornamental, for small 
articles, as bodkins, needles, toothpicks, etc.; for- 
merly also a case for surgical instruments. 

1611 Fiorio, Astuccio, an estuife, a pocket cace or little 
sheath with cizers, bodkin, penknife .. in it. — Stucchio, 
an estwefe, etc. 16r1 Cotcr., Estui, an Ettwee. — Pen- 
narol de Chirurgien, a Chirurgians Case or ge ; the box 
wherein he carries his Instruments. 1657 R wn Bar- 


tes Gold. ate 17/1 


badoes (1673) 27 Our Knives, Etweese, Keys, Needles. 1710 


Sreece 7atler No. 245 ® 2 Gold Etuys for Quills, Scissars, 
Needles, Thimbles. a@ 1763 SHENstone Ws. (1 764) I. 299 
The gold etwee, With all its bright inhabitants, shall waste 
Its melting stores. 1771 SMottetr Humph, Ci. 11. 10 June, 
He presented .. me with a gold etuis. 
Petral. 11. 112 It is used. .in making boxes, socles, handles 
of knives, etuis, etc. 1 “Taacaenat Virgin. xiii, The 
pearl necklace and the gold etwee. 1883 Fisheries Exhib, 
Catal. 78 Travelling Bags, Razor Cases, Etuis, etc. 

attrib. 1828 WeBsTER s. v. Etwee-case, a case for pocket 
instruments. 

Evtym. rare. = Erynon. 

1847 H. F. Tarot Eng. Etymologies 470, Thing. \ have 
already given an etym of this word. 

Etymic (cti‘mik), . [f Ery-on + -1c.] Of 
or pertaining to the etymon or primitive form of 
a word. In some mod. Dicts. 

Etymorgraphy. nonce-wd. [f. Gr. érupo-s true 

see EryMon) + -ypagua writing ; after etymology.] 
Historical accuracy of spelling. 

1886 F. Harrison in 19¢h Cent. Jan. 103 It is as vain to 
ask us, in the name of etymography, to turn that name 
[Shakespeare] into Shakspere, as it would be to ask us, in 
the name of etymology, to turn ‘ Tragedy’ into Goat- “song. 

+ Ety'mologe v. Obs. rare. [ad. Gr. érupo- 
Aoy-éay, f. ervpordy- -os etymologer, f. érupov Ery- 
MON + -Aoyos one who discourses. ] 

trans. a. To give an etymological signification 
to. b. To trace the etymology of; to derive. 

1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 50 Which word [Musicke] .. 
hath been etymologed for the signification of the studies of 
humanitie and chiefly of poetry, 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. 
Brit. vu. ii. (1632) 198 Whose originall Name .. some will 
have Etymologed from Saxum a Stone. 

tymologer (etimglédzas). [f. Gr. érupordy-os 
(see prec.) + -ER! j One who traces etymologies ; 
= EryMo.oeist. 

1650 Massey Glasse for Worldlings 10 Nie a Etymo. 
loger tis..water hardened by extream cold. RIF- 
itu Fear of God & King 82(T.) ‘Lex a lier) i the 
etymolo; it is called a law from binding. 1816 J. Gu- 
CHRIST Piilos. Etym. 160 A plain, blunt etymolo; er may 
take the liberty of putting the extinguisher or monk’s hood 
on his shallow, misty notions. 1880 J, A.H. Murray Addr. 

Philol. Soc. 36 The fancies of..mon ish etymologers, 

“Btymologic (e:timolp'dgik), a. [ad. L. e¢ymo- 
logic-us, a. Gr. érupodroyur-ds, f. érupodroyia EryMo- 
LOGY.] = next. 

1813 W. Taytor Eng. eg ere (1856) Introd. xix, I 
have bean naga! 4 endeavoured, ce f etymologic investigation, 
to ascertain of every analy: word the primary sense. 
1886 Atheneum 7 Aug. 165/1 Without help from etymo- 
logic or other record we may safely go back ages further. 
(In mod. Dicts.] 


Etymological (etimoldgikil), a. [f. as prec. 
+-AL.] Of, or pertaining to, = ogy ; 
upon, or in accordance with, etymol meee 

1592 tr. Junius on Rev, ix. 11 This name belongeth unto 
the lame oe a eaap nt ecg bs of Hildebrand. 1612 Dray- 
ton Poly-olb, i. Notes 20 T: st fymologicnl mgd 
and you ma‘ coacy have | it from ‘ ‘pian ie. the 

¢ 1620 A. Hume Brit. Tongue (1865) 11 It wer a he 
logs to wryt montan, fontan, according to the original. 

R. Hotme Armoury u1. 9/2 Peruse, for a farther De- 

scription .. Francis Holyoke, his Er —s 5 
1747, JoMNsoN ve Dict. po X. 183 Its t Burgh 


oo 1769 
Sch, Scot: rae ul. a ni 876) 355 ‘The | Etymological part 
pearemge ot ms Ms ey grammar, 1824 L. Mines ome 
Gram. ( 1 Specimens of etymological Parsing. 
pom Mss “ides Chips (1880) I. vi. 130 A meaning that.. 
-be defended on. .etymological grounds. 
“h plan Engaged in the study of Tene 
1856 R. A. VaucHuan Jystics (1860) : ae So, we are to 


etymological to night, ex: 
(etimolg’ dzikali), adv. [f. 
prec. + -L¥*.] In an etymological pes ac- 


cording to or as regards etymology ; on etymo- 
logical principles. 


81x PINKERTON | 


| ed II. 268 Chaucer, 


ETYMOLOGY. 
1 in Battey (folio), Ety 
ps ai 3 ‘AYLOR in 
..to use no words of ed tee Le 
the ay 1809 Syp, SwitH Was. C839) che 
and we now mixed themselves 


is one who is employed by “S 
(etimolg'dzikgn). [mod. L., 
a. Gr. éty, xv, neut. of érvpodroyixds: see 


Erymoxocic.] A work in which the etymologies 
of ber are Fetch an etymological dictionary. 
etraci 8; 
Pre bo mean See an (1851) val by an who are gedey 


Elymolgicgh to if ps CHAMBERS 
a San enaities caiacaen No Enelah dictionary 


enue [f Erymorocy 

+-Ist.] One who treats of, or is versed in, the 

science of etymology; one who searches into the 
- and origin of words. 

- CarPENTER Geog. Del. ut. xiii. 216 The Greeke 

ridiculously draw it other ori- 


ene 1679 Por = ne rand oad This I _ but 
lor the ‘OHN- 
son Plan Dict. Wk wm IX. 5 177 In pee rt the of 


our language, our etymol| seem to have been too lavish 
of their learning. 1 anton Hist. Eng. Poetry xx. 
sower, and Occleve .. are supposed 
the severer etymo! to have corru the purity 
oY the English language. i. Emerson £ss., Poet Whe, 
(Bohn) I. 162 The e' finds the deadest word to 
have been once a brill t picture. 1879 Froupe Czsar iv. 
38, Lo i prt could arrive at no jusion as to 


Etymologiza'tion. rare. [f. next +-ATION.] 
The action of etymologizing. 

a 1831 Bentuam Logic 1838-43 VIII. 24 245 By et By age 
logization I..mean .. the exposition of inflect 
conjugates by the exhibition of the root from which Bo 
are derived. 

Etymologize (etimglédzaiz), v. Also 6 ethi- 
mologise, 7 #-, etimologise, -ize, 9 etymo- 
logise. [ad. late L. etymologizare (spelt ethimo- 
lags are), f. etymologia ETYMOLOGY; see -IZE and 

. FY. dtymologiser. 

7. trans. To give the etymology or derivation 
of ; to trace the etymology of ; to invent or suggest 
an "etymology for. 


| “hme 


c1530 Remedie of Love 301 (T.), The first = s- this 
name we have yfounde, Let us ethimologise the 
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. w. i, Pha. Bresches, pom 


Beare-riches ; when a gallant beares all his Ritches in his 
Breeches. Amo. Most f fortunately etymologized, scales’ 
Howe Lett. u. hen (x 7753) 464 Langtiedoc .. 
would etymologize from ngue dou 1726 Fn 
Terre i. App. 325 Having started the concei it of an 

undergraduates ‘Ss ine like an apprentice (which 5 nt ety- 
mologize in a very accurate manner). 1816 Keatince 7rav, 


I. 117 Even the word merino is not shoe Crees 
1862 F. Haut Hindu Philos. pe 191 With ——— 


the first ion Af hve S ized as follc 
eeu . Cult. 1 va47 The habit 
rom expressive sou! 
+b. To denote ccymolagioally. Obs. rare. 
indeed the Analogie 


ofthe Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 12 
of word induces me to imagine, some adventrous 

brian first arrived here, memorizin; it by this name Pen- 

fioncan Sok, Gentry. ae The field a‘Mulletsable, 

easie 1. 45 isargent,a sable, 
ie a tae ecpbagios h eseaee 

intr. To study etymology; to search into the 


origin of words; to invent or suggest etymologies 
for words. 


G pe? I rejoyce not in eti- 
met a secede Gucurist tat Philo Etym. 83 ce would 
Cae ep Oo re 


Trencn Study of Words vii. (x 
at random. 


H wpe 5 to etymologize 
Primer Phil i 8 We etymologse as us iraediae eure a 


standard 
Hance Biymotogtsing ay. sd, and ppl. a. 


loge a ee . is etymo- 
loging. 2680 8. peg nigean yd enses iii. 251 

ded. 188 
o Des. jt ‘Man i pe Mr, tome pagan Bs 


Etymology timg’] ) Fe : with 
Latin mology (cine ids) pap me 


1, a. The process of out and descri' 
the elements of a word with thels modiBcations 


interpretation Ww. 

Ey siete d soni as a 
; The 

ae Foon Prey Gro it a6 Theo expan a 


require a degree 
inal he tient northern 
"a With explanation drawn from the Gr. deriva- 
by Ca hat rent by — elie 


ETYMON. 


1613 R. C. Zable Alph. (ed. 3), Etymologie, true expound- 
ing. 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Etymology, 
the true exposition or int 


r retation of a thing. 
b. An instance of this process; an account of 


the formation and radical signification of a word. 

1460 CarGrave Chron. 34 As Ysider tellith in the third 
book of eee 1575 Turserv. Fadconrie 204 So that 
the etymologie of the name proceedeth all upon one cause. 
1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. v. ii. 8 Neither let this Etymo- 
logie of Britaines seeme to be either harsh or absurd, seeing 
the very words sound alike, etc. 1665 BovLE Uccas. Re. v. 
i. (1675) Critical Inquiries into Obsolete Rites, or Dis- 
putable Etymologies. 1755 Jommeon Pref. Dict. Wks. 1X. 
201 For the Teutonick etymologies, I am commonly indebted 
to Junius and Skinner. 1845 Stoppart in Excycl. Metrop. 
(1847) I. 166/1 A little investigation will show this etymo- 
logy [of sznce] to be entirely erroneous, 

ce. The facts relating to the formation or deri- 
vation (of a word). (In 16-17th c. occur confused 
expressions such as ‘the etymology comes from,’ 

‘to derive the etymology from’.) 

a. Barth. De P. R. i. ii. (1495) 50 What is 
the menynge of the Ethimolegia and the settyng of this 
name ?} Bokenuam Seyntys (Roxb.) 46 Yf we them 
dewly kun applye And ordenelly aftyr the ethimologye. 
158r Marseck Bk. of Notes 276 Dagon..as maie be iudged 
by the Etimologie of the word, was some God of the Sea. 
For Dag in Hebrue signifieth a fish. Fuike Defence 
(1843) 267 The etymology of this English word ‘priest’ 
cometh from presbyter. 163r WEEvER Anc. Fun. Mon. 683 
Heralt..is meerely a ‘Teutohic or Duytch word, and in that 
tongue and no other, the true Arxmologic. thereof is onely 
to be found. 165: Howe.i Venice 34 Som derive the Eti- 
wologie of this rare Cittie from Venetia, which in old Latin 
signifieth the frothing or seething of the Sea. 1666 G. 

ArvEY Morb, Angi. (J.), Consumption is generally taken 
for any universal diminution and colliquation of the body, 
which acceptation its etymology implies. 1725 Watts 
Logic i. iv. § 1 If the meaning of a word could be learned 
by its derivation or etymology, yet, etc. x Max Miter 
Chips (1880) II. xxv. 260 The etymol6gy of a word can 
never give us its definition. 

transf. 1864 Kirx Chas. Bold I. ii. 48 Those distinctions 
of origin, habits, dialect, and history which constitute what 
may be termed the etymology of the nation. 

+d. Etymological sense, original meaning. Os. 

a@1gg2 GREENE Fas. /V, 1. ii, Aten. What's thy riame? 
Nano. Nano. Ateu. The etymology of which word is a 
dwarf. 163r Bratuwait Eng. Gentlew. (1641) 332 This 
name [widowes] .. hath received one constant Etymology ; 

‘deprived’ or ‘destitute’, 1711-14 Appison Sect. (J.), 
Pelvis is used by comick writers for a looking-glass, by which 
means the etymology of the word is visible. ; 

2. That branch of linguistic science which is 
concerned with determining the origin of words. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. vi. 93 Others have better 
observed the laws of Etymology, and deduced it from a 
word of the same language. 1797 Gopwin Euguirer 1. vi. 
44 The science of etymology has_ been earnestly recom- 
mended, 1862 Marsu Eng. Lang. iii. 48 Etymology, is the 
study of the primitive, derivative, and figurative forms and 
meanings of words, 1864 Max Murer Sc. Lang. Ser. 1. 
vi. (1868) 242 As long as etymology was carried on on such 
principles it could not claim the name of a science. 

3. Gram. That part of grammar which treats of 
individual words, the parts of speech separately, 
their formation and inflexions. 

West Symbol. § 100 The rules of Grammar, touching 

r the Atymologie or Syntaxis thereof. 1612 BriNsLEY 
Lud, Lit. ix. (1627) 127 For the Etymologie, all the diffi- 
culty is in these three parts of Speech, Nownes, Verbs, and 

Participles. 1669 Mitton Accedence Wks. (1847) 457/1 
Etymo! ogy, or right wording, teacheth what belongs to 
every single word or part of speech. 1748 HartLEy Odserv. 
Man. iit. 304 Etymology and Syntax, as Grammarians 
callthem. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 60 The 
second part of grammar is etymology. - 

|| Etymon (etimgn). [L. e¢ymon, a. Gr. érupov 
(orig. neut. of rupos true): (1) the ‘true’ literal 
sense of a word according to its origin; (2) its 
‘true’ or original form; (3) hence, in post-classical 
grammatical writings, the root or primary word 
from which a derivative is formed. 

According to Brugmann, érupos is for a prehistoric *s-e¢z- 
mo-s, f,’s weak grade of OAryan *es to be +suffixes.] 

+1. The primitive form of a word; the word or 
combination of words from which it has been cor- 
rupted. Sometimes nearly = Erymonocy 1 b, 1c. 

1570-6 Lamparve Peramb. Kent (1826) 477 Thus much 
then concerning the Etymon of this woorde Gavelkinde. 
1606 Preacuam Graphice (1612) 83 Blew hath his Etymon 
from the high Dutch Blaw. 1651 H. More Second Lash 
in Enthus. Triumph x656) 227 For the word must so sig- 
nifie, as I did above prove, both from Testimony, and 
might also from the Etymon of the word. _ 1678 CupworTtH 
Intell. Syst. 451 The true Etymon oy iter... being. .not 
Juvans Pater, but Jovis Pater. r WINTON in Phil. 
Trans. LVIII. 239 The etymon laid down here seems more 
apposite and natural than that obtruded upon the learned 
world by Bochart. 12793 Pinxerton in D’Israeli Cur. Lit. 
(1866) 129/2 Of the etymon of pamphlet I know nothing. 

2. The primary word which gives rise to a 
derivative. 

1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 58, Nummus denotes 
Money told out; Upon Thi ancy, Number, will give 
Etymon. 18rx Pinkerton Peftrai. 1. 429 Greek etymons 
have become universal in the science. @1834 Lams Lett. 
to Manning v. 48 Logic is nothing more than a know- 
ledge of words, as the Greek etymon implies. 1873 Wuit- 
NEY Orient. Stud. 210 Enabling them [the roots] to stand 
as etymons of almost any given word. 1882 Edin, Rev, 
July 114 The name has an evidently Norman etymon, 

+3. riginal or primary signification. Obs. rare. 

3619 Sacrilege Handi. App. 43 Take him in his true 


317 


Etymon, and Morall will be, but, whatsoeuer concerneth 
Manners. 1626 W. Scrater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 223 
*Arorot, those are to them after the Grammer Etymon, men 
of no setled abode ; vaguing, or vagabond Iewes. a 1634 
R, Cverke in Spurgeon 7'veas. Dav. Ps. cxxii. 6 Peace de- 
nominates Jerusalem, ’tis the etymon of the word. a@ 1834 
CoLerinGE (Webster), The import here given as the etymon 
or genuine sense of the word. 


+4. The true name of a thing. Ods. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. 67 P 106 Neither dare they call 
their .. medicines by their proper Etymon; that is to say 
they hide Scammony under the name of diagredium. 

Hence Etymornie a. vave—'. Pertaining to the 
etymon ; etymological. 

1813 W. Taytor Eng. Synonyms (1856) 128 The application 
of the word anterior to time only is neither based on ancient 
practice nor etymonic necessity, 

Eu, obs. var. of Yew. 

Eu-, prefix, repr. Gr. ed-, combining form of 
évs good, used in neut. form ed as adv.=well. In 
Gr. the words with this as first element are pri- 
marily adjs. (often used as sbs., and in many in- 
stances giving rise to derivative sbs. or vbs.). Of 
these many are parasynthetic f. sbs., as evoropos 
having a good mouth, f. oréu-a mouth, edoxnpov 
having a good form, f. sxju-a form. In others the 
second element is a verbal root or a verbal adj. 
in -ros; the sense of the compound varies (often 
in the same word) between active and passive ; 
in those that are active the prefix has the force of 
‘well’; in those of passive signification its sense 
is sometimes ‘well’, more commonly ‘easily’: 
thus, evAaBys ‘taking good hold’, ‘easy to take 
hold of’, f.AaB- ‘to take’; evmpdaxros ‘doing well, 
prosperous’, ‘easy to do’, f. mpax- (mpdocev) to 
do; evnoinros well made, f. movetv to make. In 
Eng. the prefix occurs almost exclusively in words 
of Gr. derivation, as ezlogy, euphemism, or formed 
on Gr. elements, as eztcalyptus ; the few exceptions 
are terms of mod. scientific classification. 

In late L. the ~ in this prefix when occurring before vowels 
was consonantized (i.e. became v), and in order to preserve 
the traditional quantity of the syllable the was made long, 
as in évangelinm. The derivatives and cognates of evange- 
dium are almost the only words current in Eng, with the 
ev- form of the prefix ; in Fr. it is much more common, be- 
ing used even in recent formations from Gr. elements. 

Bubages: see EUHAGEs. 

Euboic (yzbéwik), a. [ad. L. Audoicus, Gr. 
EvBoixés, f. EdBoia Eubcea, the island now called 
Negropont.]_ Belonging to Eubcea; esp. in Hubotc 
talent, a weight in use at the time of the Persian 
war. (Some authors write Zwéean in this as in 
other uses. ) 

1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 546 And [Alcides] Lichas from the 
top of Oeta threw Into th’ Euboic Sea. 1771 Raper Anc. 
Coins in Phil. Trans. LUX1. 486 The Euboic ‘Talent certainly 
came from Asia. 

Hubruche, var. of EAuBRUCHE, Ods., adultery. 

Eucairite (y#kéerait, y#kai‘roit). Aix. Also 
eukairite. [f. Gr. edxaip-os well-timed, opportune 
(f. ed- Eu- + sapés time, season) + -ITE: see 
quot.] A mineral, consisting principally of 
selenium, copper, and silver. 

1822 CLEAVELAND Min. 539 Eukairite.. was discovered 
about the time Berzelius completed his examination of the 
new metal Selenium. 1844 Dana Min. 487 Eucairite. 

Eucalyn (y#kalin). Chem. [f. Evcaty-prus 
+-(1)N.] ‘A saccharine substance, produced in 
the fermentation of melitose (the sugar of the 
eucalyptus), under the influence of yeast’ (Watts 
Dict. Chem.). 

1864 H. Spencer Biol. I. 11 Starch, sugar, eucalyn, sorbin 
[etc.], are polymeric, 1878 Kinczerr Anim. Chem. 404. 

Eucalypsinthe (ykali:psinp). [f. Evcatyr- 
TUS, after absinthe.) (See quot.) 

1875 H.C. Woop Therap. (1879) 88 Under the name of 
Eucalypsinthe, a liquor distilled from its leaves [those of 
Eucalyptus globulus| has appeared in European commerce. 

Eu‘calypt, vare. Anglicized form of next. 

1885 F. von MueE ter (¢2¢/e), Eucalyptographia: A De- 
scriptive Atlas of the Eucalypts of Australia. 

|| Bue $s (yd#kali‘ptds). Pl. -i, -uses. 
{mod. Lat., as iff. Gr. *edxdAutros, f. eb- (see- Eu-) 
+Kadumrés covered, f. xad’m-rew to cover. The 
name, first given by L’héritier in 1788, was in- 
tended to mean ‘ well-covered’ (cf. the Ger. name 
schinmiitze) ; the flower before it opens being pro- 
tected by a sort of cap (‘calyptra alisetie bent 
spheerica’, L’héritier).] 

A genus of plants of the Nat. Order Myrtacezx ; 
the Gum-tree of Australia and the neighbouring 
islands; an individual tree of this kind. 

1809 Naval Chron. XXII. 388 The Thelaleuca, Casuarina, 
Eucalyptus. 1823 Syp. Smitn Botany Bay Wks. 1859 II. 
22/t A London thief .. lodged under the bark of the dwarf 
eucalyptus, and keeping sheep..is not an uninteresting 

icture. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 89 Upon the 
ower mammalia the oil of Eucalyptus appears to act pre- 
cisely as it does on man. 1879 Temple Bar Oct. 237 The 
sombre eucalypti.. interspersed here and there by their 
dead companions. 

attrib, 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 11. 309 s.v., Gas extracted 
from eucalyptus leaves. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Eucalyptus oil. 


EUCHARISTIC. 


Hence are formed the names of various products ; 
as, Eucaly‘ptene [+-ENE]. Eucaly:ptin [ + -1n] 
Eucaly'ptol [+-o1]. (See quots.) 

1879 Watts Dict, Chem. VII. 2nd Suppl. 494 s.v., Euca- 
lyptol heated with phosphoric anhydride gives up water, 
and yields “eucalyptene, Cl? H¥, “1853 Pharmac. Frni. 
XIII. 79 Kino consists principally of a peculiar substance 
(*eucalyptin) analogous ..to pectin. 1 Watts Dict. 
Chem. VII. 2nd Suppl. 493 *£ucalyftol, this compound is 
contained in large quantity in the volatile oil of Eucalyptus 
globulus, 1884 Pall Mail G. 28 July 12/2 Any preparation 
from which the slightest odour of eucalyptol is diffused. 

Bucarist, obs. form of Eucuarist. 

Euch, obs. form of Eacu. 

Eucharis (y#karis). Bot. [a. Gr. edyapis 
pleasing, f. ed- (see Eu-) + xdpis grace.] A South 
American bulbous plant (N.O. Amaryllidacer) 
bearing white bell-shaped flowers, much in re- 
quest for bouquets, etc. Also attrzb. 

1866 Treas. Bot. 473/1 s.v. 1882 Garden 7 Jan. 10/3, I 
have several large pots of Eucharis in and coming into 
flower. 1882 Dazly News 30 Dec. 2/2 Beyond where the 
palms live, are eucharis, with their great starry flowers. 
1884 Pall Mall G. 10 July 8/2 Each bridesmaid carried a 
bouquet of eucharis lilies and maidenhair ferns. 1885 
Athenxzum 24 Jan. 126/1 Dahlia and eucharis bulbs. 

Eucharist (y#karist). Forms: a. 5 euka- 
ryste, 6 eucarist, -chariste, euchrist, 6— eucha- 
rist ; 8. 6 eucharistie, 8 eucharisty. [a. OF. 
eucariste (cf. mod.F. eucharistre), ad. late L. 
eucharistia, a. Gr. evxapotia thanksgiving, hence 
the Lord’s Supper, f. edxdproos grateful, f. eb- (see 
Eu-) + stem of xapifec@a to offer willingly. The 
8 forms may either be ad. L. or a. mod.F.] 

I. 1. Zcc/. The sacrament of the Lord’s Supper; 
the Communion. 

a1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 37 Pe brede 
of eukaryste, pat es be grace in be sacrament of be autere. 
1509 Barciay Siyp of Folys (1570) 174 Eucharist .. is the 
priestes seruice and busynes. @1535 More Ox the Passion 
Wks. 1338/2 This blessed sacrament is also called Eucha- 
ristia. @1600 Hooker (J.), Himself did better like of 
common bread to be used in the eucharist. @ 1638 Mrpr 
IVks. 1, li. 287 Our Sacrament of Peace is called the Eu- 
charist. 3712 Sir G. WHELER Liturgy after Model of 
Ancients (MS.) 195 The importance of the Holy Eucharisty 
is so great that they did..give a general Scheme, how it 
shou’d be celebrated. 1786 W. THomson IWatson’s Philip LIT 
(1839) 335 Sigismond. .allowed them [the Hussites] the cup 
in the sacrament of the eucharist. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's 
Hist. Ref. 1. 255 It was not denied that the efficacy of the 
Eucharist in both kinds was more complete. 

2. The consecrated elements, es. the bread. 
Phrases, 70 give, receive, etc. the Eucharist. 

1536 BELLENDEN Crox. Scot. (1821) LI. 401 Thay spulyeit 
the eucarist out of the cais of silver. 1579 FutKe Heskins’ 
Parl, 82 A..priest sent to Serapion a little portion of the 
Eucharistie. 1644 Evetyn A/e. (1857) 1. 103 The Emperor, 
Henry VII, who was .. poisoned with the Holy Eucharist. 
1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 162 At no time a Priest is 
worthy to celebrate Mass, who hath not received the Eucha- 
rist. 1772 Priestiey /mst. Relig. (1782) I. 352 Giving the 
eucharist to children was .. finally abolished. 1861 Hoox 
Lives Abps. I. vi. 323 The corporal presence of our Lord 
in the Eucharist. 1875 W. Smitu Dict. Chr. Antig. I. 625 
Clement of Alexandria (Stvom i. § 5. p. 318) speaks of 
ministers distributing the eucharist (thy evxaporiav d.0- 
veip.avtes) z.e. the elements, to the communicants. — 

+3. The box or closed vessel containing the 
consecrated bread; the pyx. Ods. 

1535 STEWarT Cron. Scot. III. 255 The siluer euchrist be 
ane cord ..that hang .. Tha pluckit doun. 1560 St. G7les 
Charters (1859) p. xlviii, Ane rownd eucharist, ane chalece, 
ane plate. /éid. p. xlvii, The pece of gold that held the 
breid within the eucharist. 

4. Thanksgiving. 

1613 R. C. Table Adph. (ed. 3), Eucharist, a thanksgiuing. 
1644 JER. TayLor Afol. Liturgy § 38 For which ability 
they should do well to pay their eucharist to the Holy 
Ghost. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. 225 The Second calls 
for our Praise and Eucharist. a1716 Sout Sev. (1744) 
VII. 12 He..is..led through a vale of tears to the region of 
eucharist and hallelujahs. 1879 Farrar S?. Pazd II. 80 
Adding their Amen to the voice of Eucharist. 

Eucharistial (ykaristial). [f L. euchar- 
istt-a+-AL.] A vessel intended to hold the bread 
consecrated for use at the Eucharist. 

1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. i. 35, The eucha- 
ristial, or ‘new sepulchre of the body of Christ,’ in which 
was reserved the eucharist under the form of bread. did. 
Il. 42 The rubric ordered that the housel .. should be kept 
. .under the kind of bread in a vessel called the eucharistial. 

Eucharistic (yzkaristik), a. and sb. [f. Eu- 
CHARIST + -1C; cf. Fr. eucharéstigue.] 

A. adj. : 

1. Of or pertaining to the Eucharist. 

1664 H. More Myst. Inig. xiii. 42 The belief of the 
Eucharistick Bread being the real Body of Christ. @ 1711 
Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 1V. 242 Invites her to the 
Eucharistick Feast. 1847 Disraeit Taxcred v. vi, The 
ceremony. .eternally invested with eucharistic grace. 1869 
Happan A fost. Succ. viii. (1879) 232 Poison administered in 
the Eucharistic cup. : F 

b. Ofthe nature of, or resembling, the Eucharist. 

1860 Westcott Introd. Study Gosp. vi. (ed. 5) 335 In this 
connexion the eucharistic meal at Emmaus gains a new 
meaning. 1877 Sparrow Sevm. xii. 161 The taking of food, 
if sanctified by religion, is eucharistic. | ; 

2. Of or pertaining to thanksgiving (occasionally 
with mixed notion of 1). 


EUCHARISTICAL. 


1678 Cupwortu /ntell, Syst. 40x He [Socrates] would 
have an Eucharistick Sacrifice offered to hi [Raculaptes) 
in his behalf, as having now cured him at once of al! 
diseases by Death. a171r Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 
Il. 372 They sang new E istick Strains To glorious 
God 1853 J. Brown in Spurgeon 7'veas. Dav. Ps. xviii. 
I. 280 It is a magnificent e istic ode. 1882 Farrar 
Early Chr. 1. 443 note, The meat-offerings were eucharistic, 
and the sin-offerings expiatory. 

+B. sb. =Eucuarist 4. Obs. 

1623 Cockeram, Excharisticke, a giuing of thankes, 1709 

Srrvre Ann. Ref. I. vii. 107 pen gy os eucharistic of the 


exiles to Jesus Christ. 
Eucharistical (yikari-stikal), a. [f. as prec. 
+ -ICAL.] 


1. = Evonaristic A. 1. ae 

1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1342/1 The eucharisticall 
bread vpon which thankes bee giuen. 1612 BrerEwoop 
Lang. & Relig. Pref. 7 The eucharistical elements are not 
naked and empty signs. 1686 Horneck Crucif. Fesus xviii. 
521 The Deacon .. poured some drops of the Eucharistical 
wine into her mouth. 1725 tr. = 's Eccl. Hist. 17th c. 1. 
v. 128 That after the Memory of the Passion is finish’d, this 
Eucharistical Body is not destroyed. 1799 V. Knox Nat. 
Lord’s Supper Pref.(R.), Those who understand them of the 
eucharistical bread and wine. 1842 MANNING Serm, (1848) 
I. xiv. 187 They. .offered the eucharistical sacrifice in their 
upper chambers. 

. = Evcnaristic A. 2. 

1548 R. Hutren Sum of Diuinitie 66b, Whiche be sacri- 
fices Eucharisticall, or of prayse? 1558 Br. Watson Sev. 
Sacram. xiii. 79 Then the priest begynneth the Eucharisti- 
call sacryfyce of geuing thankes. . before the consecration. 
c 1645 Howe t Lett. (1650) II. 106 You should do well to 
intersperse among them som eucharisticall ejaculations. 
1795 Mason Ch. Mus. ii. 123 The music. . was originally set 
to a Eucharistical Hymn of Thanksgiving. : 

Hence Euchari‘stically adv., in a eucharistic 
manner. 

1639 W. ScLatER 2nd Worthy Commun, Rewarded 46 
No more is Christ offered up (save onely Eucharistically, 
and commemoratively). 1710 W. Hume Sacred Success. 260 
They might find some way to communicate eucharistically. 

Eucharistize (yzkari'staiz), v. [f. Evcuarist 
+-IZE; suggested by Gr. ebxapareiv.] trans. A 
rendering of Gr. ebxapioreiv (classically only zxtr. 
to give thanks), as used for the nonce by Justin 
Martyr: To affect (the elements of the Lord’s 
Supper) by an act of thanksgiving. 

1714-7 J. Jounson Unbloody Sacrif.(1724) 198 Our Saviour 
blessed or Eucharistized the Bread and Wine. 1737 WATER- 
Land Eucharist (ed. 2) 134 Justin Martyr speaks of the 
Elements being Eucharistized or blessed by the Prayer of 
the Word. 1876 J. H. BLunr Annot. Bk, Com. Prayer 
(ed. 7) 174 The bread and wine. .to be by Him eucharistized 
to the higher sphere and purpose of the new creation. 

Hence Euchari‘stized ///. a., Euchari:stizing 
vol. sb. 

1737 WATERLAND Doct. Eucharist v. 128 Justin Martyr .. 
calls the consecrated Elements by the Name of Eucha- 
ristized Food which looks as ifhe thought that the Thanks- 
giving was the Consecration: But yet, etc. 1714 JOHNSON 
Unbloody Sacrif. (1724) 198 The Blessing, or eucharistizing, 
terminates on the Bread. 

Euchite (y#koit). Also 7 euchet. [ad. late L. 
euchita, euchéta, ad. Gr. ebxitns (misspelt ebxHT7s), 
f. evx7 prayer.] One of a sect which arose in the 
fourth century, taking its name from a belief that 
perpetual prayer was the only means of salvation. 
The name was also applied to later sects holding 
similar views. 

1585 App. SANpys Sern. (1841) 263 Give ourselves only to 
prayer. That is the error of the Euchites. 1621 J. MAYER 
Eng. Catech., It (the Christian soule] will rather become 
an Euchet, by being continually lifted up in prayer. 1730-6 
in Baitey (folio). 1882-3 Scuarr Lncycl. Relig. Knowl. 
II. 1478 Massalians, a Christian sect, which soon obtained 
other names,—Euchites. 

+Euchiorre, a. O’s. [f. Gr. ed- (see Ev-) + 
xAwpés green.] ‘Ofa distinct green colour; said 
of certain minerals’. 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Euchlovric, a. Ods. [f. as next+-10.] Zu- 
chloric gas = EVCHLORINE. 

(The explanation in Craig and mod. Dicts. ‘ Having a dis- 
tinct green colour’ represents the meaning intended by 
Davy; but the adj. seems to occur only in this connexion.) 

1811 Edin. Rev. XVIII. 480 The new compound. .may be 
denominated from its peculiarly bright green, euchlorine or 
euchloric gas. 

Euchlorine (yikléerin). Chem. [f, Gr. - 
(see Eu-) + xAwpés green +-INE. Formed by Davy 
on the analogy of CHLORINE, a word introduced 
by himself a few months earlier.) ‘A ous 
mixture of chlorine and oxide of chlorine, 0 ed 
by the action of hydrochloric acid on chlorate of 
potassium’ (Watts Dict. Chem.). 

1812 Sir H. Davy Chem, Philos, 238, 1 discovered this 
elastic substance. .in January 1811, and gave to it the name 
of Euchlorine [wote, Ev and xAwpos] from its bright yellow- 
green colour, 1823 Farapay £.xf. Res.'xxi. 92 Fluid eu- 
chlorine was ined losing chi Pp h 
sulphuric acid in a tube. 1873 Watrs Fownes’ Chem. 187 
The euchlorine of Davy, prepared by gently heating potas- 
sium chlorate with dilute hydrochloric acid. 

Euchlorite (yi#kloereit). Ain. [f. Gr. eb- + 
xAwpés (cf. prec.) +-1TE.] A variety of esia 
mica of a — green colour, found at Chester 
(Mass.) in 1876, 


_ 


318 
ss a oe Dict. Chem. 


sive, in coarse e! 
VIII. 3rd Suppl. 1. 762. 

|| Buchologion (y#kolawdzgijgn). Also 8 in 
Latin form -um, [ad. Gr. ebxoAdyov prayer-book, 
f. edyy prayer+Aoy- ablaut stem of ott to 
say.] A collection of prayers; a prayer-book ; 
also, a book of ritual, primarily ‘that of the Greek 
sa = Hob A Pra 

i > 680) 26 

ee ee PE ert te Gad Pek ee 
Cuampers Cyc/. s.v., The euchologiumis ly the Greek 
ritual, 1876 Prayer-bk. Interleaved 211 Forms by Basil 
and C) are given in the eu ion. 


+ Eu'chologue. és. [ad. Gr. edxoAd-yiov (see 
prec.), assimilated to epilogue, etc.] = ng 

1646 J. Grecory Notes § Odserv. (1650) 169 This Recollec- 
tion out of their own Euchologues. ter noster qui es in 
Ceelis, etc. Zbid. 171 So the order in the Euchol e Bamrives 
abtov 6 iepeds. 1700 Sir H. Cuauncy Hist. Herts 47 "Tis 
farther observ’d by the Euchologue of the Greek Church, 
that the wave 4 having his formalities upon him fumeth 
the Groundwork or Foundation, with his Incense circular 
wise. 

Euchology (yzkg'lédzi). Anglicized form of 
EvcHOLOGION. 

1659 GaupeNn Tears Ch. 1. xii. 93 Fanatick Errour .. ins 
sinuating it self. .in Prayers, Sacraments, and Euchologies. 
axzro Br. G. Butt Wks. Il. 556 He .. took out the 
ancient euchologies, or prayer-books of the Jews, what was 
good and laudable in them. 1 Jounson tr. Lobo's Voy. 
to Abyssinia 369 Father Goar..has observ’d, in his Notes 
on the Rachels, etc. 1843 J. H. Newman Miracles 129 
To introduce a prosaic phraseology into. .the lessons of the 
Euchology. : 

Hence Eucholo‘gical a. rare, of or pertaining to 
euchologies. 

1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) 11. App. 414 The 
liturgical and euchological forms of her worship. 

Euchre (y#ke1), sb. Formerly also uker, 
yuker, eucre. [Of uncertain etymology. 

As Bower sé.*, one of the terms used in this game, is of 
Ger. origin, it has often been supposed that the word euchre 
is also from German, but no erabakte source has been found 


in that lang. Can it be a. Sp. yuca, in the phrase ser yuca, | 


given by Caballero as an American a for ‘to be 
cock of the walk, to get the best in anything’ (ser ed gadlito 
en alguna cosa, sobresalir en algo)?) : ; 

1. A game at cards, of American origin, played 
by 2, 3, or 4 persons, with a pack of 32 s (the 
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of each suit being rejected). A player 
may, if he pleases, A inh or decline to play, but 
if he undertakes to play, and fails to take 3 tricks, 
he or his side is said to be ‘euchred’ and the 
other side gains two points. 

‘The highest cards at Euchre are the knave of trumps and 
the other knave of the same colour (see Bower sé.*); the 
other cards used rank as in whist. There are various modi- 
fications of the game, as Railroad Euchre, played with the 
usual 32 cards and an extra blank card called ‘the joker’, 
or ‘imperial trump’, which is superior to all; French 
Euchre, played with 24 cards; and others. 

1846 in Smedes & Marshall Rep. High Court App. Mis- 
sissippi (1847) 60 No matter whether fefendants played at 
pool, whist, uker, poker, etc. /did., Whist, hare brag, 
etc. 180 (fit/e), The game of Euchre, with its Laws. 
18536 Mayne Reto Quadroon xlvii, The thing was im- 
possible, as I had never played euchre, Dicey 
Federal St. 11. 57 The men .. played the mysterious game 
of ‘euchre.’ 4 B. Harte Heathen Chinee 21 We hada 
small game, And Ah Sin took a hand : It was euchre. The 
same he did not understand. 1872 Marx Twain Roughii 
/¢ xxiii, At night, by the camp-fire, we pla: euchre an 
seven up, to strengthen the mind. 1889 Pall Mail G. 27 
Feb, 3/2 Euchre was probably acclimatised on the Missis- 
sippi_ by the Canadian voyageurs, being a form of the 
French game of triomphe. 2 

2. An instance of ‘euchreing ’ or being ‘euchred’, 

1880 Amer. Hoyle 75 No. 1 deals, but .. fearing a euchre, 
he turns down the trump. 

Hence Eu‘chreist, a Vrs at euchre. 

1861 W. H. Russet in Times 10 July, The sentry tells 
his captain, who is an euchreist, that ‘It’s all right,’ and 
resumes his seat and his cigar. 

Euchre (y#ka1), v. [f prec. sb.] ¢vans, At 
euchre ; To gain the advantage over (an vege nn 
by his failure to take three tricks: see the sb. 

ence ¢ransf. to outwit, ‘do’, ‘best’, Also, Za 
euchre (a pen) out of (a thing). 

¢1866 B. Harte Tennessee's Partner Wks. 1880 I, 141 
*Euchred, old man!’ said Tennessee smiling. 1880 in 
WEBSTER Mee a 1887 Concord(N. Hamp.) Monitor 23 Mar., 
The stockholders..have been euchered out of their in- 
vestments in Vermont railroads. 


Euchrist, obs. form of EvcHarist. 
Euchroite (y#kro,vit). Ain. [f. Gr. ebxpo-os 
well-coloured, f. ed- (see Ev-) + colour + -ITE.] 


A hydrous arsenate of copper of a bright emerald- 
Sree Sr Eiascenmn, Mode! Mf 11 
Mine I. 389 Euchroi ++ was di ed at 


Hungary. 

+ myahy one a. Obs, [f.mod.L, euch¥m-us, 
(ad. Gr. evxopos, f. Gr. eb- Eu- + xdp-ds CHyME) 
+-oUS.] Conducive to a healthy condition of the 
blood or other fluids of the body. 

165 Biccs New Dis/. ee is pleasant to the 
pengee. sa weer Poe to the stomack, that is cried up as 
euchymous, sound and wholesome. 


SnerarD 
en in 


EUCTICAL. 


So +EBuchymy [ad. Gr. edxipla]. Ods. A good 
state of the blood io other Pe ites body. 


in Mayne. 


: fin. 62 Euchysiderite .. 
sidered as an augite, of which iron enters into the compo- 
sition in an uncommon degree. 

Euclase (y#klzis). Min. [a. Fr. eaclase, f. Gr. 
eb- (see Eu-) + xAdo~s breaking, f. «Ad-ev to break; 
so called on account of its easy cleavage.}] A 
silicate of aluminium and glucinum occurring in 


light- transparent crystals. 
a ‘ourcroy Chem. I. 412 The primative form of eu- 
c isa 


right 1822 Imison Sc. & Art 

II. 93 Glucina.. has been from .. the euclase. 
1868 Dana Min. 380 Euclase receives a high polish, but is 
less as an or 1 stone on of its brittleness. 

X WesrrorP Man. Prec. Stones 25 The euclase is also 


of the same Pp as 

Euclid. oe [ad. Gr, Ev«dcidys.] A 
mathematician of ia who flourished about 
300 B.c.: hence, a. the works of Euclid, esp. the 
—— (cf. ELEMENTS); Db. a of the same. 

1581 Mu caster Positions xli. (1887) 241 [He] gave them 
a aanber of Seclies orks owns oe Siaueesr 
— 163 To study my Book with that severity as 
they would do an Euclid. Sroppart in Excycl. Metrop. 
(1847) I. 42/1 When we Euclid, we find neither first 
person nor second in any part of his whole Work. Mod. We 
don’t approve of iqubelieal Euclids. They were examined 
in Algebra and Euclid. 

Euclidean (yuklidvan, yizklidi-An), 2. Also 
Buclidian. [f. L. Zuclidd-us, Gr. Evdxadcideos (f. 
Euclid-és, Bixdeins Euclid) + -an.] Of or per- 
taining to Euclid; that is according to the prin- 
ciples of Euclid. 

y recent writers Euclidean geometry has been used as 
the distinctive name of the geometry based on an ogres 
of the axioms laid down by Euclid, as distinguished from 
the systems (constructed e.g. by aamrmseng: Grassmann, 
Riemann) which develop the consequences that would fol- 
low from the rejection of some of these. So also Euclidean 

e: the kind of space actually known to us, for which 
these axioms are valid, as opposed to hypothetical kinds of 
space for which one or more of the axioms would be false. 

1660 Barrow Euclid Pref. (1714) 2 The whole Euclidean 
work. ¢186s in Wylde’s Circ. Sc.1.551/2 Euclidean geometry 
tolerates no such imperfections. $3 Standard No. 18464. 
5 This abstruse discourse on Euclidian space and - 
tudes of four dimensions. 1883 American VII. 13 Ths 
would be their Euclidian eometry. i 

+ Euclionism. Ods. vare—'. [f. Zuclion-em, 
the name of a miser, the chief character in Plautus’ 
Aulularia +-1sM.] Stinginess. 

1599 NasHe Lenten Stuffe 3 Those grey beard Huddled- 
duddles..were strooke with such stinging remorse of their 
miserable Euclioni and snudgery. 

Eucnemic (yxkni‘mik), a. nonce-wd. [f. Gr. 
edxvqp-is well-greaved (an epithet of Homeric 
heroes), f. ed- (see Eu-) + «vnyls greave + -I0.] 


Well-greaved ; hence belonging to ancient 

1851 Fraser's Mag. XLIII. 249 existence of togate 
and eucnemic proficients in the art of angling is com- 
petently attested. 


Eucnemidal (yukni‘midal), a. nonce-wd. [f. 
Gr. evxvnpid- stem of ebavqpis (see prec.) + -AL.] 
Pertaining to a well-greaved man; hence quasi- 
sb, pl.: Stout leggings. 

1839 New Monthly Mag. LV1. 30 A collection of weather 
clothing, contemporary be py equally jous as, 


the eucnemidals before all to. 

Eucolite (y#kéleit). J/inz. Also eukolite, 
-yte. [f. Gr. evxoA-os easily satisfied (f. ed- (see 
Ev-) + «édov food) + -ITE. The name is — 


on the fact that it contains less zirconia 
wohlerite does.] A variety of pepe de 
Poge. Ann. sts UE: that he gave 


the 
Fae en ee eae Amer. 
Z. Se. Ser. u, VILL. 126 On Eukolite, a new Mineral. 
7868 DANA Min. 249 Eucolite is from islands of the Lan- 
Pera fiord in Norway. 1882 Warts Dict. Chem. II. 605 
ukolyte is distinguished by the of cerium, 

Eu (y#-krasi). Also 7 eucracy, 8 eu- 
chrasy. Ba. Gr. edxpaci-a temperature, f. 
etxparos well-tem es (see Evu-) + «pa-, 
xepayvivat to mix.] Such a due or Nat A peg 
mixture of qualities as constitutes health or sound- 


ness. 
there is 
E 


Watkincton Oft. Glass xv, In this eucrasy 
Phage Sho prvnterh 1642 W, Price Serm. 39 Of this 
y, this healthfull Pp constitution, the City 
Maynwarine Vita Sana vi. 79 It is some 


stomach recover its eucrasy, perform 
1719 Quincy Med. Dict., Euchrasy. Hence 


icts. 
+ Bucra'ti * oe ee [f. Gr. etxpar-os 

(see prec.) + Ic. quot. 

TiS good and ill are intermingled, but where the good 


erate, 
+ Euctical (yi ktikil), a, Obs. [f. Gr. ederun-ds 
ining to prayer (f. evxeo@a to pray) + -AL.] 


ertaining to ; supplicatory. 
pair ry Ae hae xix, Hocharisticel Offerings are such 


EUDAIMONOLOGY. 


whose end is Thanksgiving to God .. Euctical .. such as 
are made to God.. when we come to pray before him. 
1745 Br. E. Law Theory Relig. 227 Hence was the Origin 
of Sacrifices, as they are distinguished into expiatory, 
euctical, and eucharistical. 

Hence Eu‘etically adv. 

a@ 1638 Meve Ws. 1, li. 291 The Heave-offering .. was as 
it were an Offering of his own, and therefore he applieth it 
Euctically. . 

Eudai:mono'logy. vare—'. [f. Gr. eddaipwr, 
evbaipov-os fortunate, happy + -(0)LOGY.] (See 
quot.) Hence Eudai:monolo'gian. 

@ 1832 BentHam Deontology 1. xx. 320 The employment 
of the word Eudaimonology, to represent the utilitarian 
doctrines, and Eudaimonologians its professors. 

Eudemon, -demon (yvdz‘mon). [a. Gr. ed- 
Satywv fortunate, happy, f. ed- (see Ev-) + daipev 
guardian, genius. Sense 2 is of mod. origin, and 
not according to Gr. idiom.] 

1. Astrol. (See quot.) 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Eudemon, the Eleventh House 
of a Celestial Figure, so call’d by Astrologers, upon ac- 
count of its good and prosperous Significations. 1730-6 in 
Baiey (folio), 1819 Jas. Witson Dict. Astrol. 94 Eudemon, 
the good demon, the 11th house, so called because it is the 
source of as many good things as the 12th house is of evil. 

2. A good angel ; = AGATHODEMON. 

1629 H. Burton Babel no Bethel Ep. to Cholmley 1 For 
the style. .I tooke it to bee some Iesuites, some Eudemon’s, 
or Cacodaemon’s, or the like. 1730-6 in Battey (folio). 
1834-43 SoutHey Doctor (1848) 672/1 The simple appendage 
of a tail will cacodemonise the Eudemon. : 

Eudemonic, -demonic (y#dimpnik), a. 
[ad. Gr. evSa:porix-ds, f. edda:povia happiness.] 

1. Conducive to happiness ; viewed as conducive 
to happiness. 

1865 J. Grote Treat. Mor. Ideas vi. (1876) 72 The former 
of these is the eudemonic worth of actions. 

2. pl. a. (after Gr. rd edSaiuorurd) (see quot. 
@1832), b. (wonce-use) Appliances for comfort, 
means of happiness. 

a1832 BentHam Logic Wks. (1838-43) VIII. 289 Eude- 
monics, or the art of applying life to the maximization of 
wellbeing. 1865 J. Grote Treat. Mor. Ideas ii. (1876) 13 Eu- 
dzmonics however has generally been, and is likely to be, 
exceedingly ideal. 1883 Burton & Cameron 70 Gold 
Coast for Gold I. iv. 137 Bright sun and pure air.. better 
eudzemonics than purple and fine linen. 

So Eudemo:nical a. 

1865 J. Grote Treat. Mor. Ideas i. (1876) 8 The axiom 
might be very sterile in results without eudemonical ob- 
servation to give us particulars about the pain. 

Eudemonism, -demonism (yzdz:moniz’m). 
Also 9 eudaimonism. [f. Gr. edda:povia happi- 
ness (f. evSaiuwv happy, f. ed- Eu- + daiuwr guardian 
genius ; see DEMON) +-ISM.] 

That system of ethics which finds the foundation 
of moral obligation in the tendency of actions to 
produce happiness. 

1827 De Quincey Last Days Kant Wks. 1862 III. ror 
note, Ethics, braced up into stoical vigour by renouncing 
all effeminate dallyings with Eudemonism. 1839 Blackw. 
Mag. XLV. 845 In England men were satisfying them- 
selves .. with the unveiled eudzemonism of Paley. 1866 
Ferrier Grk, Philos. I. xi. 277 Eudaimonism, or the philo- 
sophy of happiness. 1876 M. Arnotp Lit. §& Dogma 47 
We English are taunted with our proneness to an un- 
worthy eudemonism. 3 : 

Eudemonist, -demonist (yzdz‘monist). 
Also -daimonist. [f. as prec. + -IstT.] One who 
believes in eudemonism. 

1818 CoLeRipGE in Lt, Rem. (1836) I. 273 Yet this is the 
common argumentum in circulo in which the eudemonists 
flee and pursue. 1840 Q. Rev. LXV. 494 The enlightened 
Eudzmonist..by his first maxim necessarily excludes the 
idea of a divine revelation. 1866 Ferrier Grk. Philos. 1. 
xi, 292-3 The utilitarians or Eudaimonists define the good 
as centring in happiness. 1872 Minto Zug. Lit. 1. i. 48 
He [De Quincey] described himself as a Eudzemonist. 

Hence Eudemoni'stic @., of or pertaining to 
eudemonism. Eude‘monistical a. = prec. 

1855, Ess. Intuitive Morals 67 Whence come these re- 
ligious considerations which are so completely to modify 
our Eudaimonistic ethics. 1866 Ferrier Grk. Philos. I. xi. 
283 Socrates .. had strong utilitarian, even eudaimonistic, 
tendencies. 1881 Mod. Rev. Oct. 718 We reject the Israel- 
itish morals as eudemonistical. 

Eudemonize, -demonize (yzdz-moanaiz),z. 
rare—*. [ad. Gr, edSa:povit-ev, f. edSaiyov happy.] 
trans. To consider happy. 

1876 Grote Eth. Fragm. v. 154 No person is entitled to 
be called happy, whom the intelligent and reflective ob- 
server does not macarise (or eudzmonise). 

Eude‘mony, -de'mony. rare. [ad. Gr. 
ev5a:pov-ia, f. as prec.] Happiness, prosperity. 

Lae Baiey (folio). 1885 J. Martineau Types Eth. 
Theory (1886) II. 11. iii. 509 The best defence of the invari- 
able eudaemony of Virtue proceeds from Shaftesbury. 

Eudi (yudai-alait). Jinx. Also erron. 
eudyalite [f. Gr. edd:dAuros easily dissolved, f. ed- 
(see Eu-) + d:aAvev to dissolve (see DIALYSE) ; the 
name refers to the solubility of the mineral in 
hydrochloric acid.] A vitreous bisilicate of zir- 
conium, iron, calcium, sodium, and other elements, 
occurring in rhombohedral crystals, rose pink or 
brownish red; first found at Kangerdluarsuk in 
Greenland, Cf, Euconire. 


319 


1837 Penny Cycl. X. 64/2 Eudyalite, 1887 Dana Man, 
Min. (ed. 4) 275 Eudialyte. 

Eudiometer (y7dip'm/te1). [f. Gr. evd.0-s 
clear (weather) (f. ed- Ev- + &F- stem of Zevs, 
Avés the god of the sky and the atmosphere) + 
pérpov measure.] 

An instrument for testing the purity of the air, 
or rather the quantity of oxygen it contains. 

Various kinds have been in use, but the commonest is 
that invented by Dr. Ure, consisting of a tube closed at 
one end, in which certain quantities of hydrogen and atmo- 
spheric air are exploded over water by an electric spark. 

‘rom the rise of the water in the tube inferences are drawn 
as to the amount of oxygen that was present. The apparatus 
is also, and now chiefly, Spgnim in the analysis of gases. 

1777 De MacEttan (¢ztle), Glass apparatus for making 
mineral waters..with the description of some new Eudio- 
meters, 1792 A. Younc Trav. France 153 He has a large 
course of eudiometrical experiments going on at present, 
Sohiiigy SEP with Fontana’s and Volta’s eudiometers. 1807 

eEPYS Exdiometer in Phil. Trans. XCVII. 249 Known 
quantities of the air to be tried, and of nitrous gas being 
mixed, were admitted .. into a graduated tube, which he 
[Priestley] denominated a eudiometer. 1825 Farapay Exf. 
Res, xxx. 161 Seven volumes of this mixture were detonated 
in a eudiometer tube by an electric spark. 1877 W. THom- 
son Voy. Challenger 1. i. 28 The eudiometer has the legs 
of glass united by an india-rubber tube of suitable length. 

Hence Eudiome'tric a., of, pertaining to, or 
requiring the use of the eudiometer or eudiometry. 
Eudiome'trical a. = prec. Eudiome‘trically 
adv., in a eudiometric way; by the use of a 
eudiometer. Eudio‘metry, the art or practice of 
using the eudiometer either for ascertaining the 
purity of the air, or in the analysis of gases. 

1854 ScoFFERN in Or?’s Circ, Sc. Chem. 321 The analy- 
sis .. may be.. effected by the *eudiometric method. 1859 
Tonp Cycl. Anat. V. 378/1 The eudiometric researches of 
a number of observers, 1792 [see EuDIOMETER]. 1794 G. 
Avams Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 1. xi. 437 Graduated glass 
tubes for *eudiometrical experiments. 1852 TH. Ross Hz2- 
boldt’s Trav. 1. v. 173 The absorption of two gases in 
aeudiometrical tube. 1808 Henry in PAzl. Trans. XCVIILI. 
2go After trying, *eudiometrically, the quality of an ali- 
quot part of the gas in the receiver. 188 W. Crookes in 
Nature XXIII. 423 Collecting samples [of gas] and ana- 
lysing them eudiometrically. 1800 Henry “fit. Chem, 
(ed. 5) 159 The application of nitrous gas to the purpose 
of *eudiometry. 1826 — Elem. Chem. 1. 237 Platinum 
in this form becomes, therefore, a most useful agent in 
eudiometry. 1853 W. Grecory /xorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 82 
When it is required to ascertain the exact proportion of 
oxygen in any specimen of air.. The operation is called 
eudiometry, and the instruments employed eudiometers. 


Eudipleural (ydiplivral}, a. [f. Gr. ed- (see 
Ev-) + 5i-s twice + Aeup-a the side +-aL.] Having 
two equal and symmetrical halves. 

1878 Bett Gegenbauer’s Comp. Anat. 128 The radiate 
form of body .. is replaced [in the Vermes] by the eudi- 
pleural form. 

Ewe, obs. f. Ewk and Yew. 


+ Eue‘ctic. Obs. Spelt evectic in Dicts. [ad. 
Gr. evexrix-7 (réxvn), fem. of evextixds pertaining 
to a good habit (of body), f. phrase eb €xe to be 
well (e8 well, éxew lit. to have): see Eu- and 
Hectic.] (See quot.) 

1574 J. Jones Nat. Beginning Grow. Things 45 Three 
partes of the Arte curative: First Euectick, whose scope is 
to keep the helthie in the same State. [1706 Puittips, £x- 
ectica (Gr.), that part of Physic which shews how to get a 
good habit of Body.] 1721 Battery Evectich. 

Hence in same sense Eue‘ctics f/. [after mathe- 
matics, optics, etc.] 

1823 Crass Technol. Dict., Evectics. So in mod. Dicts. 

HEuemerism, etc., obs. f. EUHEMERISM, etc. 

Huer, obs. var. Ewer. 

HEuerose, var. of Ewrosr, Oés., rose-water. 

+ EHufo'rbe, Eufo'rbie. 0és.  Anglicized 
form of EupHoRBIUM. 

1436 Pol. Poems (1859) II. 173 Wee shulde have no nede 
to skamonye, Turbit, euforbe, etc. 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 
16 A litil of euforbie, or turbit, or sambucy. 1541 R. CopLanp 
Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg., Water in the whiche is steped 
and dyssolued the vertue of Euforbie. 

Euforbium, obs. form of EuPHORBIUM. 

Eufrage, obs. var. of Eururasy, eyebright. 

Euge (y#dzz). [a. L. euge, a. Gr. edye well 
done!} An exclamation of Zuge/; approval, 
commendation. 

1655 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm. 14 x. § 1 (1669) 40/1 To give 
you the Euge of a Faithful servant. 1692 J. Epwarps Re- 
markable Texts 256 To look for the euge’s of angels, and 
the applause of Heaven. 1798 Root in Amer. Law Rep. 1. 
1 Happiness consists primarily in. .the pleasing anticipation 
of a final euge of well done good and faithful servant. 

Eugenesic (ydzine'sik), a. [f next + -10.] 
Capable of breeding freely; applied esf. to those 
hybrids that are fertile. 

1864 Reader No. 94. 476/3 An eugenesic progeny (i.e. a 
progeny every generation of which is perfectly fruitful). 
1878 BARTLEY tr. Topinard’s Anthrop. i. vii. 369 Eugenesic. 

Eugenesis (ywdze'n/sis). Bzol. [f. Gr. eb- (see 
Ev-) + ~yéveois generation: see GENESIS.] The 
quality of breeding well or freely; the production 
of young by the union of individuals of different 
species or stocks. In mod. Dicts. 


Eugenetic (ydzinetik), a. [f. EvGENESIS, 


EUHEMERISM, 


after GENETIC.] Of or pertaining to eugenesis, 
favourable to the production of healthy offspring. 

1887 Athenzum 5 Nov. 607/3 These tendencies towards 
deterioration are to be met by endeavours .. to encourage 
marriage only under eugenetic conditions. 

Eugenia (ydz7-nia). Bot. [mod.Lat.: the 
name was given in 1729 by Micheli in honour of 
Eugene, Prince of Savoy.] A genus of tropical 
trees (N.O. Myrtacex), mostly found in America 
and the West Indies, of which the most im- 
portant is £. Pimenta or Allspice Tree. 

1775 Asu, Exgenia, a genus of plants, the silver tree. 
1875 Miss Birp Sandwich Is/. (1880) 81 The great glossy- 
leaved Eugenia—a forest tree as large as our largest elms. 

Hence Euge‘nic (acid) [+ -1c], Cy) Hy: Oo, 
oxidized essence of cloves. Eu‘genin [+ -IN], 
clove-camphor; a crystalline substance deposited 
from water which has been distilled from cloves, 
Eu-genol [ + -o1] = eugenic acid. 

1838 T.THomson Chem. Org. Bodies App. 1057 Oil of 
cloves, or eugenic acid. 1882 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 604 
Eugenic acid, when exposed to the air, quickly assumes a 
darker colour and becomes resinous. 1847 Craic, Lugenin. 
1886 Sci. American 25 Sept. 196 Eugenol represents the 
strength of the essential oil of cloves. 

Eugenic (yzdge'nik), a. and sh. Biol. [f. Gr. 
ev- (see Ev-) + root yev- to produce (Gr. had ev- 
yerns well-born) + -10.] 

A. ad. Pertaining or adapted to the production 
of fine offspring, esf. in the human race. 

1883 F. Gatton Hum. Faculty 24 Various topics more or 
less connected with that of the cultivation of race, or as we 
might call it, with ‘eugenic’ questions. 1886 G. ALLEN in 
Fortn. Rev. 1 Oct. 458 The result..would be as bad. .if he 
made the choice [of a wife] himself on abstract biological 
and ‘ Eugenic’ principles. : 

B. sé. in Zé. [after analogy of economics, politics, 
etc.] The science which has this for its object. 

1883 F. Gatton Hum. Faculty 44 The investigation of 
human eugenics, that is, of the conditions under which men 
of a high type are produced. 1890 Univ. Rev. May 54 
People will fall in love, in spite of your eugenics, 

Eugenism (y#dz/niz’m). [f. as prec. + -1sM.] 
(See quot.) 

1887 A thenevunt 31 Dec. 897/3 ‘ Eugenism,’ the word sug- 
gested by him [Mr. Galton] some time ago..to express the 
aggregate of the most favourable conditions for healthy and 
happy existence. 

Kugh, Eughen, obs. ff. YEw, YEWEN a. 

|| Buha‘ges, euba‘ges, 50. p/. Celtic Antig. 
[Lat., occurring twice in a passage of Ammianus 
Marcellinus ; the form ezdages in one of the places 
is a scribal error. The better form ezhages is evi- 
dently due to a misreading of Gr. ovarets, Strabo’s 
spelling of aGaulish word = L.va¢es prophet ; Am- 
mianus must have read evayeis, and taken this for 
the pl. of edayns pure, holy. Cf. OvaTE.] (See quot.) 

1609 Hottanp Azz. Marcel. xv. ix, The Eubages.. 
searching into the highest altitudes of nature’s worke, en- 
devoured to lay open and declare the same. 1751 CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Eubages, an order of priests, or philosophers, among 
the antient Celta, or Gauls, 1809 KENDALL 7rav. II. xlv. 
124 The euhages cultivated what they called natural 
philosophy. 1827 G. Hiccins Celtic Druids 275 The Eu- 
bages or prophets were the third order. 

uharmonic (yhaimpnik) a. [f Gr. ed- 
(see Eu-) + dppov-ia harmony + -1c.] Producing 
perfectharmony. In Zwharmonic organ: see quots. 

1811 Liston Perfect [ntonation 27 The Euharmonic Organ 
is contrived .. to enable the musician. .to produce harmony 
absolutely perfect, while the keyboard remains the same as 
before. 1876 J. W. Moore Dict. Mus. Inf, Euharmonic 
Organ, invented by Joseph Alley and H. W. Poole at 
Newbury Port, Mass., 1848. It gives all the tones of the 
ancient enharmonic scale. \ 

Euhemerism (yzh7mériz’m), Also 9 Eue- 
merism. [f. L. Huhémer-us, Gr. Etmpepos (see 
below) +-1sm.] The method of mythological in- 
terpretation which regards myths as traditional 
accounts of real incidents in human history. 

Euhemerus, a Sicilian (¢ 316 B.c.) was the author of a book 
called ‘Iepé ’Avaypady, in which he maintained that the 
deities of Hellenic mythology were deified men and women, 
and prétended to cite authentic records of their lives. 

1846 Grote Greece 1. xvi. I. 596 In regard to the Thracian 
god Zalmosis, the Hellespontic Greeks interpreted his cha- 
racter and attributes according to the scheme of Euemerism. 
1864 Max Mirer Sc. Lang. Ser. u. ix. (1868) 397 Eu- 
hemerism has become the recognized title of that system 
of mythological interpretation which .. reduces the gods of 
old to the level of men. 

So Euhe'merist [+-1sT], one who follows the 
method of Euhemerus; also attrid. (quasi-ad).). 
Euhemeri'stic a. [f. prec. + -1C], a. of persons: In- 
clined to euhemerism ; b. of things: Of the nature 
of or resembling euhemerism. Euhe‘merize v., 
a. trans. To subject to euhemeristic interpretation ; 
also, Zo euhemerize into or out of. b. intr. To 
follow the method of Euhemerus. Euhe‘merized 

J.a@, Euhemerizing v/. sb. (in quot. attrzb.). 

1856 Max Mirer Chzfs (1880) II. xvi. 115 It is easier to 
answer these German than the old Greek *euhemerist. 1871 
Tytor Prim. Cult. 1. 252 The modern ‘euhemerists’. .in 
part adopted the old interpretations. 1884 Academy 22 Mar. 
205 Saxo..treats Odin and Baldr in euhemerist fashion. 
1856 Max Miitter Chis (1880) II. xvi, 115 *Euhemeristic 
critics, 1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol, (1877) 1. 232 This 


EUKAIRITE. 


them [nursery 3] E 
Seat ae as 2 eee was a “euhe- 
merised version e story of Istar. 1871 Farrar Wits. 
fi eb ete oe eam he it 
emerising principles which Eichhorn ied to the 
Bukairite : see EvCAIRITE. 
Eukolite,-yte: see Evcoxire. 
ian (yuliorian), a. [f. Zuder, the name 
of a celebrated Swiss mathematician (1707-83) 
+ -IAN.] Of, pertaining to, or discove by, 
Euler; as Eulerian constant, function, integral. 
1882 Mincuin Unifd, Kinemat 139 In the first case what 
we have done for the fixed-space point P we imagine to be 
done for all fixed-space points; and in the second case we 
imagine our record to be similarly kept for every individual 
fluid particle..They are. .often called the Eulerian and the 
ian methods, respectively. 1886 TopHuNTER /1- 
tegral Calculus 249 We shall now prove an important equa- 
tion which connects the two Eulerian integrals. /d/d. 255 
The quantity C is called Euler’s constant. 
Euloge, obs. f. EuLocy. 
|| Bulogia (ylowdzia). [Eccl. Lat., a. Gr. eb- 
doyia in N.T. ‘blessing’: see Eunocy.] a. A 
name applied by the early Christians to the Enu- 


charist. 


communion. @. In the Greek church, the uncon- 
secrated bread remaining after communion, blessed 
by the priests and given to the non-communicants ; 
also bread, sweetmeats, etc. blessed and distributed 
as tokens of mutual love. See Evnocy 2. 

1751 in CHamBers Cyc/. 
This holy loaf or eulogia was.meant to be an emblem of .. 
brotherly love. 1883 Appis & Arnotp Cath. Dict. s.v. 
Eulogiz, The Eulogia, then, was a substitute—though of 
course a most imperfect one. .for Holy Communion, whence 
the Greek name, avridwpor. 


+ Bulogi‘acal, a. Os. vare—'. [f. Evtoci-um | 


+-ACAL.] = next. 
1654 Vitvain Zit. Ess. vi. 34 Eulogiacal Elegies. 


1849 Rock Ch. of Fathers 1. 137 | 


b. A portion of the consecrated bread | 
reserved for those who were not present at the | 


320 


rs. Dickens Nich. 
to Mr. Crum- 


A prongs S aeetyeninn 

, 

» ii, (1857) 20, 
ate 


pele eulogium. 1848 H Mutter First 1 
jes’s < 7 
I realized. .the justice of the eulogium of 
art of the architect. 

b. Eul ing ; = Eviocy 1 b. 

1802 Paris as it was 11. \xviii. A master-piece of art, 
which is above all eulogium. Sie Sccacun Soles 2 vi, 
They are very nice.. How can he avoid eulogium? 

Eulogize (yi lddgaiz), v. [f. EuLoa-y + -122. 

1. trans. To pronounce a eulogy upon; to 
or write in commendation of; to extol, prai 

a@1810 Huppesrorp Satir. Poems (T.), Those Who eulo- 
gize their country’s foes, 18x53 W. H. Iretanp Scribdico- 
mania 2 Rhymsters who..meanest actions eulogize. 1 
Lecxy Ration. Il. v. 200 He eulogised constitutiona! 
government as immeasurably superior to despotism. 

2. Used to represent Gr. edAoyeiy in sense ‘to 
bless’. 

1885 E. S. Froutkes Prim. Consecr. ix. 419 What our 
Lord had effected by blessing and giving thanks.. by 
eulogising them, as S. Cyril has it. 

Hence Eu‘logizer, one who eulogizes; a eulogist. 

1837 New Monthly Mag, XLIX. 341 The eulogizers of 
the wisdom of our ancestors. 1866 Atcer Solit. Nat. & 
Man w. 200 An atheistic eulogizer of nothingness. 

Eulogoma:nia. xonce-wd. A mania for eulogy. 

1802 Syp. Smitu Wks, (1859) I. 4/2 Why should Dr. Parr 
confine this eulogomania to the tieceny characters of this 
island alone? 

Eulogy (y#'lédzi). Forms: (?5 wloge, 6-7 
eulogie, 7-8 euloge, 7— eulogy. [In sense 1 prob. 


| anglicized form of EvLocium; but the ulterior 
| source is Gr. evAoyia praise, in N. T. blessing (f. ed- 


+ -Aoyia speaking, after phrase ed Aéyev to speak 
well of), of which the word in sense 2 is an adapt- 
ation.] 

1. A speech or writing in commendation of the 


| character and services of a person, or the qualities 


Eulogic (yulpdzik), a. rare. [f. EULOGY +-10.] | 


Pertaining to eulogy; containing praise; com- 
mendatory. 


1753 CHAMBERS Cycl. Supp. s.v. A@olic, Holic verse. .is 


otherwise called eudogic. 1831 Fraser's Mag. Ul. 563 
Passing by numerous passages that are too unintelligible. . 
even for the eulogic commentaries of his sworn admirers. 


+ Eulogical, a. Ods.—° [f. as prec. + -aL.] | 


a.=prec. |b. (See quot. 1656-81.) 

1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Exlogical well spoken. 
1732 in Cotes, 1818 Topp, Zudogica/, commendatory, con- 
taining praise. In mod. Dicts. 


Hence Eulo-gically adv., by way of eulogy. 


1692- 


1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 161 Magnifying eulogically 


their great Mahumed. 1818 in Topp, In mod. Dicts. 

Eulogious (yulou-dzias), a. rare. [f. EvLoat- 
umM+-ous.] Full of eulogy ; eulogistic. 

1887 Sat. Rev. 3 Dec. 768 Méry wrote lengthy prefaces 
and eulogious introductions. sod Harper's Mag. Mar. 
562/1 To detain the reader with eulogious phrases. 

Eulogism (y#lédziz’m). [f. Evnoc-y + -18M.] 
A eulogistic speech ; eulogistic langua; 

1761 London & Environs IV, 143 (Jod.) 
eulogisms bestowed on this bridge. | 1853 Fretton Fam. 
Lett. xxiii. (1865) 195 Fosing a glowing eulogism on her 
enlightened policy. 1864 Aealm 30 Mar. 4 The eager 
eulogism which the Ministers of Queen Victoria accord to 
the conspirators against her Im rial ally. 

Eulo (yw'lddzist). [f. as prec. +-1sT.] One 
who eulogizes ; one who speaks or writes in com- 
mendation of a person or thing. 

1808 Han. More Calebs I. iv. 41 The eg of the 
L’Almanac des Gourmands. 1853 C. Brontit Villette xix. 
(1876) 133, I must not from the faithful narrator degenerate 
into the partial eulogist. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. IV. 
li. 289 Franklin, when he died, had. .the great and the good 
throughout the world as his hee on 
Eulogistic (yulodgi'stik), a. [f. prec. +-10.] 
Pertaining to or expressive of eulogy; of the nature 
of eulogy; commendatory, laudatory. Const. of 

1825 Syp. SmitH Ws. (1859) IL. 7x Some adjunct of the 
eulogistic cast, such as moderate..or practical. 1827 Ben- 
THAM Rationale Evid. Wks. 1843 V1. 224 Scotch lawyers 
..do not plaster over the foulness of their system with 
eulogistic daubings, 1848 H. Mitter First Jmpr. vi. (1857) 
95 The inscription is eulogistic of the poet’s character. 

Hence Eulogistical a. = prec. In mod Dicts. 

Eulogi‘stically adv., in a eulogistic manner. 

1831 Croker in Boswell's P ppege 20 July an. 1763 mote, 
To talk thus eulogistically of ‘the very — exertions’ 
of a piratical ler, 1848 Fraser's . XXXVIIL, 
sor He writes. .too eulogistically for a critic. 

Eulogium (ywlédziim). 7. eulogiums ; 
also 8 eulogia. [a. med.L. ex/ogium, app. formed 
by a confusion between 2/ogium (see ELocium) and 
eulogia (see EvLoGy), being used in both senses.] 

A laudatory discourse; a formal expression of 
praise ; = Evnoey 1. 

1706 Puiiirs, Eudogium, an Elogy, a praising or speaking 
well of. 12711 Appison ‘Spect. No. 68? 2 He..falls into a 
general eulogiumoffriendship. 1789 Bentuam Princ. Legisi. 
xiii, § 6 Allowing nothing to roach the throne but mer- 
cenary eulogiums. 1808 ‘Med. Frnt. XIX. 464 Just eulogia 


The pompous | 


| language of eulogy. 1 


ofa thing ; esp. a set oration in honour of a deceased 
Tson. 

(14.. £. E. Misc. (Warton Club) 18, I wylle apposse Thin 
wlogé, yf hit do the apleyse.] 1591 SpeNseER Tears of Muses 
372 And Eulogies turne into Elegies. 161 Sreep Hist. 
Gt. Brit. vy. vii. 38 In a soile whereof we finde this Euloge. 
nd Pepys Diary (1877) V. 216 Every body..came to me.. 
with such eulogys as cannot be expressed. 1752 Hume 
Ess. § Treat.(1777) 1. 25 If our constitution does in any 
degree deserve these eulogies. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ages 
(1872) I. 13 His greatest eulogy is written in the dis- 

races of succeeding times. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. 27 

‘ontenelle..pronounced his eulogy more than fifty years 
afterwards. a 1839 Pragp Poems (1864) II. 323 Thy 
portrait and thine eulogy Traced by some artist hand 

b. Eulogistic speaking ; commendation, praise. 

1725 Braptey Kam. Dict. s.v. Nitre, All the pompous 
Eulogie, made from Time to Time to celebrate the Excel- 
lency of Salt. 1791 Macxintosu Vind. Gall, Wks. 1846 
III. 17 note, The commercial abilities of Mr. Eden..were 
the theme of profuse eulogy. 1827 Hattam Const, Hist. 
(1876) I. i. 36 Some mention Henry VIII after his death in 
Symonps Grk. Poets vi. 169 
Pindar. .knew how to mingle eulogy with admonition, _ 

+2. Eccl. In the senses of Eunocia, which is 
now more common in historical use. 

1709 J. JouNSon Clergym. Vade-m. 1. 100 That the Holy 
Mysteries be not carried into other parishes on the Feast of 
Easter, by way of Eulogies. 1725 tr. Dupin'’s Eccl. Hist. 
17th C. I. v. 209 The things upon which these Invocations 
were made, were aftcewarte consider’d as holy and sacred 
things, and call’d. .the Eucharist, Eulogy, and Praise. 1730 
-6 in Battey (folio). 1751 Cuambers Cyci. s.v., These pieces 
of bread they call eulogies. . The wine sent as a present, was 
also held an eulogy. Bollandus remarks. .that the eucharist 
itself was called eulogy. bee Priesttey Corrupt Chr. 
II. vt, 16 Some churches substituted what they called eu- 
logies, or holy bread for the bread of the Lord’s Supper. 

+3. = ELocY 3. Obs. rare. 

1703 W. Worton in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) I11., What 
countryman? What his employment? in short, a short 
eulogy of him..with an account of the time of his death. 

te (yilissit). Min, Also -yte. [£ Gr. 
evAvo-ia easy solubility (f. ebAvros see next) + -ITE.] 
‘A granular mixture of augite, garnet, and nearly 
50 per cent. of a mineral allied to olivine’ (Watts 
Dict. Chem.). 

1868 Dana AMin, 259 It (Iron-Manganese C lite} 
occurs in a gneissoid rock called Eulysyte. 1879 RutLry 
Study Rocks xiii. 263 Eulysite occurs in a very thick bed 
in the gneiss of Tunaberg in Sweden. 

E nm (y/litin), A/in, Also -ine. [f. Gr. 
etAvr-os easily dissolved (f. ed- Eu- + Avrds soluble, 
f. Ave to loose, dissolve) +-1N.] Native silicate 
of bismuth, usually occurring in brownish crystals 
with a resinous lustre. 

1850 Dana Min. 413Bismuth Blende,Eulytine. 1882Watts 
Dict. Chem. 11. 606 Eulytin, Silicate of Bismuth. Bismuth- 
blende.—A rare min al, occurring at Schneeberg in Saxony. 

E te (yi litait). Afin. = prec. 

1868 Dana Min. 391 Eulytite. . Silicate of Bismuth. 


Mamerghous (ywumf'sfas), a. rare. [f. Gr. 
evpoppos, f. eb- (see Ev-) + opp form eam 


Well-shaped. 
1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnt. Geog. Soc. XXX. 
315 The skeleton is of eumorphous rtions. 
un (y#némi). rare. [ad. Gr. edvopia, f. 
ev- (see Ev-) +vdp0s law.] A political condition 
of good law well-administered. , 
1721-1800 Baitey, Exnomy, a Constitution or Ordination 


EUNUCHIZE. 


* and good order which that constitution 


uch (y#ntk), sb. Forms: [4 eunuchus], — 
5 enuke, 6-7 eunuche, 6- eunuch. [ad. 
euniich-us, a. Gr. ebvodxos, f. ebvh + -0x- 
ablaut-stem of éxew to keep; the literal sense is 
thus a bedchamber guard or attendant.] 

1. A castrated person of the male sex; also, such 
a person employed as a harem attendant, or in 
Oriental courts and under the Roman emperors, 
charged with important affairs of state. 

‘ye te Be ee 


Well u. iii. 94 And t were sons of mine..I would send 
them to’th Turke to e Eunuches of. a 1616 Beaumont 
Poems, The Glance, Throw Those flakes w the eunuch’s 
colder snow. 1642 FULLER i & Prof. St. 1. xxi. 210 


Those who are born Eunuchs cress oR pal 

mendation for their chastity. 17ox W. Wotton Hist. Rome 

i. 462 He had a mortal Aversion to Eunuchs, that third 

Species of Mankind. 1781 Gipson Decl. §& F. II. 51 The 
palace were 


ee Laws. 1846 Grote Greece u. vi. consteution Tee 


ivate apartments of the by a 
vourite eunuch. 1807 Rosinson A Greca Vv. xiii. 
2 The first that made eunuchs was i Lapy 


ERBERT Cradle L. viii. 224 Achill Aga, offered to show the 
ladies his harem; and a black eunuch was summoned to 
escort them. 1871 R. Evtis Catudlus \xiii. 34 Thither hie 
the votaress eunuchs with an emulous — fe 

q In the LXX. and the Vulgate the Gr. ebvotxos, 
L. euniichus, following the corresponding Heb, 
DD saris, sometimes designate ce officials 
who were not ‘eunuchs’, ¢.g. Potiphar (Gen. 
xxxix. I, where A. V. has ‘officer’). Hence the 
Eng. word has occas. been similarly used in dis- 
cussions of passages in which the meaning of the 
word is disputed. 

[1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Il. 305 Putyphar was 

cece Wesaaeer is he pat is i-gilded, and doa 
somtyme i-made wardeynes of ladyesin Egipt.] 1557 N. T. 
(Genev.) Acts viii. 27 note, Noble men were called Eunuches, 
although they were not gelded. i 

b. A male singer, castrated in boyhood, so as 
to retain an alto or soprano voice. Cf, CASTRATO. 

1732 Lv. Lanspowne Charac. agg d Wks. 1736 II. 112 
Our modern writers. .like Eunuchs. .sacrifice ir Man- 
hood for a Voice, and reduce Poetry, like Echo to be 
nothing but Sound. 1738 Jounson London 59 Let such.. 
With warbling eunuchs fill a licenc’d stage. 1761 CHURCHILL 
Rosciad Poems (1763) I. 35 Never shall a truly British 
Age Bear a vile race of Eunuchs on the Stage. 

c. Used as adj.; Emasculated. rare—". 

1817 Goowin Mandeville 111. 96 He had a mind wholly 
eunuch and ungenerative in matters of literature and taste. 

2. attrib. and Comb. Also fig. 

1666 Drypen Ann. Mirad. xl, That eunuch guardian of 
rich Holland’s trade, Who envies us what he wants power 
toenjoy. 1739 P. WHITEHEAD Manners 8 What sing-song 
Riot, and what Eunuch-squawling. 1826 Disraru Viv. 
Grey 1. vi, Bright moon! sultana of the soul ! the Passions 
are thy eunuch slaves. 1849-50 Atison Hist. Europe VIII. 
1. § 37. 157 Liberty .. expired amidst eunuch servility and 
Eastern adulation. 

+ Eu'nuch, v. Os. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To 
make a eunuch of, castrate ; also fig. 

@ 1658 CLEVELAND Gen. Poems (1677) 15 Give me a Lover 
bold and free, Not Eunuch’d with Formality ; Like an Em- 
bassador that beds a me 1682 Creecu Lucretius (T.), 
They eunuch all their Priests. 

Hence Eunuched //. a., emasculated. 

1627 May Lucan x. 156 Th’ vnhappy strength-robb’d 
company, The ere 8 

Eunuchal (y#nvkil), a. [f. as prec. + 
-AL.] Of or pertaining to a eunuch; emasculate ; 


effeminate. 
1878 A. CAMERON in NV. Amer. Rev CXXVI. 489 Manly 


fi lity. 

‘ Eunuchate, v. Obs. [f. L. eunichat- ppl. 
stem of euniichdre, f. euniichus: see EUNUCH.] 
trans. To make a eunuch of, castrate; to deprive 
of virility or generative Lgtey 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ep. mi, iv. 113 To eunuchate 
or castrate themselves. /dd. il. vii. 11 ‘That Camphire 
Eunuchates or [ printed or Eunuchates) in men an 
impotency unto venery, observation will ly confirm, 
1721-1800 in Bartey ; hence in Asx, etc, 

unuchism (y7'nkiz’m). Also 7 eunoch- 
isme, -ucisme. [f. Eunucn sé.+-1sm.] The pro- 
cess or custom of making eunuchs; the condition 
of being a eunuch; emasculation. 

1620 Br. Hatt. Hon. Mar. Clergy 1. § 7 Neither doe we 
thinke that the earth affords mine more glorious then 

tiene for the Mngsome f bene, see Boreas 
Anti z. luce Ew 
way of cegrading men ftom their manhood. '/Bid. 904 
Eunucisme, . Payne Texts of Papists conc, Celibacy 
Exam. u. 782 (T.) This voluntary eunuchism is not to 
be understood literally, as ie ves Oy Ore . 
Eunuchism Display’d, describing all the different Sorts 
Eunuchs, etc, 1875 a Davenrort Curios. Erot. Physiol. 
Essay v. (¢/t/e) Eunuchism. . 

Eun (y#ndkaiz), v. Also 7 eunuchise. 
[f. Eunvon sé.+-12E.] ‘vans. To reduce to the 
condition of a eunuch; to emasculate; /#/, and fig. 
any of ‘hem more 


STs ng ma toe taeee: « ilatalie Band, chee 
e at a ’ 
o> ‘Father bids him Eunuchize 


1847 


EUNUCHRY. 


Mepowin Life Shelley 11. 209 Moore. .asterized and eunuch- 
ized his [Byron’s] pages so barbarously. 1887 tr. 7. Hehn's 
Wanderings Plants §& Anim. 79 Apollonius said that the 
emperor spared men but eunuchized the earth, 


Evunuchry. vare. [f. as prec. + -RY; in Fr, . 


Bolg | The state of being a eunuch. 

paren F, Burton Dahome 43 note, M. Wallon .. says 
that t ese horns are a sign of eunuchry, but they are not so. 

Euodic (yz@udik), a. [f. Gr. edwd-ns (f. €d 
well + #8- ablaut-stem of éfew (perf. ddw5a) to 
smell +-i0.] Aromatic, fragrant; used Chem. in 
the name ewodic aldehyde (see quot.). 

1873 Warts Fownes’ Chem. 749 Euodic aldehyde is the 
essential constituent of oil of rue. 1876 Har.ey Mat. Med. 
680 Oil of Rue is composed chiefly of euodic aldehyd. 

Euonymous (yzp'nimas), a. [f. Gr. eddovup- 
os (see next) +-ou8.] Well or felicitously named. 

1864 Sat. Rev, XVII. 6ra/t The Peace Society and its 
euonymous president, Mr. Pease. 

Euonymus (yz pnimis). Bot. Also 8 euony- 
mous. [ad. L. ewdnymos (Plin. x1. xxxviii. § 118), 
subst. use of Gr. evavupos of good name, lucky, 
f. eb- (see Ev-) + dvoya, in Holic dvupa name. 

Pliny says that the flowering of the euonymus was a pre- 
sage of pestilence; hence it seems probable that the name 
‘lucky’ was given with euphemistic intention.] 

A genus of shrubs (N.O. Ce/astracee), of which 
many species are now cultivated as ornamental 
plants. The only British species is the Spindle- 
tree, otherwise known as the Peg-, Prick-, Skewer- 
wood from the uses to which its wood is applied. 

ti J. ApercromBiE, Ev. Manx his own Gard. (1803) 180 
Deciduous flowering shrubs..such as..candleberry, myrtle, 
dog-wood, or euonymus, @1775 Sir J. Hitt Hist, Plants 
239 (Jod.) Euonymous with broad, lanceolated, and serrated 
leaves, Virginian spindle-tree. 1785 J. M. Mason Notes on 
Shaks. 349 The euonymus, of which the best skewers are 
made, is called Prick-wood. 1882 Garden 21 Jan. 37/1 
Many varieties of the Euonymus are finely variegated. 

b. U.S. Pharmacopeia. The bark of an Ameri- 
can species (Z. atropurpureus), called also the 
Wahoo-tree. 

1876 BartHoLtow Mat. Med. (1879) 484 Euonymus pos- 
sesses cathartic properties similar to rhubarb. 

Euosmite (yz p‘zmoit). [f. Gr. evoop-os sweet- 
smelling (f, eb Evu- + doy smell) + -1TE.] A 
fossil resin, looking much like pitch, of a brownish- 
yellow colour, and giving an aromatic odour when 
burned. 

1868 Dana Min. 743 Euosmite .. dissolves easily in cold 
Bh ba ee es [ p h 

upa’ yz'papi). [ad. Gr. edrdGea happy 
contnion of the soul, f. evwaOns, f, ed- (see Eu-) + 
méGos state of feeling, condition.] 

Ancient Stoical Philos. (see quots.) 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 74 They do terme those 
joies, those promptitudes of the will, and warie circumspec- 
tions by name of Eupathies, i. e, good affections, ie ear 
Srantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 321/1 There are three kinds of 
good affections of the Mind, called Eupathies, or Constan- 
cies; Joy, Caution, Will. 1744 Harris Three Treat. m1. 
xlviil. 329 ote, In Laertius we read..that..the Virtuous 
had] his Evraecac, his Eupathies, or Well-feelings. 1834-43 
Soutuey Doctor lxxvi. (1862) 160 The Stoics who called our 
good affections eupathies, did not manage those affections 
as well as they understood them. 1837 — in C. Southey 
Life & Corr.V1. 346 Our affections, our eupathies, our capa- 
cities of happiness and of improvement, 

{| Wrongly explained. 

1730-6 Baicey (folio), wpathy, an easiness, or patience in 
bearing of sufferings or afflictions. 

Eupatorine (yzpe'térein). Chem. Formerly 
also eupatorin, and in L. form eupatorina, [f. 
eupator-tum +-INE4,] (See quot.) : 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 294 Eupatorina. .is 
said to have been discovered by M. Righini in the flowers 
and leaves of the Exupatorium bi: , or hemp agri- 
mony. 1882 Watts Dict. Chem. 11.606 s. v. Eupatorium, 
The water-hemp, Eufatoriumt ci bit , contains, ac- 
cording to Righoni, an alkaloid, called eupatorine. 

|\Eupatorium (y#patderivm). [mod.L., a. Gr. 
edratépiov, Agrimonia Eupatorium, so called from 
Mithridates Eupator (Gr. Edarwp), king of Pon- 
tus, who first used it.] A genus of the Nat. Order 
Compositx, abundant in America ; only one species, 
E. cannabinum, Hemp Agrimony, being British. 
Also an individual plant of the same. ; 

[1g78 Lyte Dodoens 1. xxxix. 57 Agrimonie is called. .in 
Latine Eupatorium, and Hepatorium: in shoppes Agri- 
monia.] Jéid. 1. xl. 59 The male Bastarde Agrimonie, is 
called in Shoppes Eupatorium. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. 
(1729) 219 September .. Flowers in Prime or yet lasting.. 
Eupatorium of Canada. A Sa $0 Fam. Piece u. iii. 380 
Eupatoriums, Asphodels, angiums, 1863 B. Taytor 
H. Thurston II. 54 Late flowering grasses. .and the eupa- 
toriums in the meadows. 

+ Eu‘patory. 02s. Also 6-7 eupatorie. [Ang- 
licized form of prec.] Hemp Agrimony ; but ap- 
plied in Dicts. to Liverwort. Cf. AGRIMONY 2. 

1542 Boorpe Dyetary xxv. 789 These thynges folowyng 
do purge color: hag? it .. Eupatory .. & the whay of 
butter. 1568 Turner Herball mt. 29 The flowres of Eupato- 
rie of Mesue are longe or somethinge longe, 1578 Lyte 
Dodoens ut. xxvi. 352 The same boyled with .. bastard 
Eupatory healeth the Jaundise. 1656 RipcLey Pract. 
Physick 97 To the straind liquor add syrup Bizantine, or 
Eupatory. a in Puiturs. 1732 in Cotes, 

Vou. III, 


321 


Eupatrid (yupettrid, yd-patrid). P/. eu- 
patrids ; also (sense 1 a) in Lat. form eupatride. 
[ad. Gr. edmarpid-ns person of noble ancestry f, ed- 
(see Eu-) +7ar7np father.] 

1. a. One of the hereditary aristocracy of Athens ; 
a member of the first of the three orders in the 
early Athenian constitution. b. Hence (rarely) 
gen. One who is of noble descent, a ‘ patrician’. 

1836 THirtwaLt Greece II. 41 It [the Four Hundred] 
was a popular bodys as compared with an assembly of the 
eupatrids, 1838 F. A. Parry tr. Schémann’s Assembl. 
Ath. 342 Clisthenes .. abolished the ancient division of 
tribes, as the most effectual means of reducing the power of 
the Eupatride. 1862 F. Haut in ¥rnl, As. Soc. Bengal 
205 Amushydyana, ‘son of somebody’, an hidalgo, a eupa- 
trid. 1863 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 290 The Greek Eupatrid 
or the Roman Patrician. 1864 R. F. Burton Dahome I, 
251 The big eupatrid is of somewhat offensive presence, 

2. attrib. (quasi-adj.) 

1833 J. Kenrick in Philolog. Museum ii. 368 A proof of 
Athenian blood and citizenship, not of Ionian and eupatrid 
extraction. 1847 GRoTE Greece u. x. III. 107 This eupatrid 
oligarchy and severe legislation. 1866 FeLton Anc. § Mod. 
Gr. I. x1. 206 He [schylus] belonged to a distinguished 
eupatrid family probably descended from Codrus. 

ll rab asi (y#:pe'psia). [mod.L., a. Gr. ed- 
nevia good digestion, f. evmenros (see EUPEPTIC).] 
= next. 

1706 in Puitirs. 1847 in Craic. 1883 Go_pw. SmiTH 
in Contemp. Rev. Dec. 807 Here was bigness, strength, 
heartiness, eupepsia in perfection. 

Eupepsy (y pepsi, yzpe‘psi). [Anglicized 
form of prec.) Healthy action of the digestive 
organs; good digestion. 

psc in Batty. 1860 Mayne £xd, Lex., Enpepsia, 
old term for good digestion : eupepsy. 

Eupeptic (ype'ptik), a. and sd. [f. Gr. ev- 
nent-os easy of digestion, having a good digestion 
(f. eb- Eu- +7én-rew to digest) + -10.] 

A. adj. 

+1. Promoting ‘eupepsy,’ assisting digestion. vare. 

1699 Evetyn Acetaria 89 Those [herbs] that are Eupeptic, 
and promote concoction. F 

2. Having a good digestion. 

1831 CartyLe Schiller Misc, Ess. (1888) III. 87 The per- 
ennial never-failing joys ofa digestive apparatus thoroughly 
eupeptic. 1848 CLoucH Bothze 11. 10 E’en after dinner, 
eupeptic, would rush yet again to his reading. 

absol. 1883 Times 8 Mar, 9/3 City dinners may be an 
excellent form of amusement for the eupeptic and robust. 

3. Of or pertaining to ‘eupepsy’ or good digestion ; 
characteristic of, or resulting from, good digestion. 

1845 CarLyLE Cromwell (1871) 1V. 241 A massiveness of 
eupeptic vigour. 1859 Lewes Phys. Com. Life 1. 137 
Persons .. living in that happy eupeptic ignorance which 
only knows Digestion as a name, 1866 CARLYLE Remin, 
(1881) I, 172 At length his faculties were getting hebetated, 
wrapt in lazy eupeptic fat. 

4. nonce-use. Studious of what conduces to good 
digestion. 

1871 Cotuns Mrg. § Merch. III. ii. 60 Terrell, never 
scientifically eupeptic, went in for a couple of dozen [oysters]. 

5. Easy of digestion ; easily digested. 

os in Wesster ; and in mod. Dicts. 
+B. sb. (cf. conic, sudorific, etc.) Obs.—° 

1731 Battey vol. II, Eupepticks, medicines, or other things 
that promote concoction. : 

Hence Eupepti‘city, the state or condition of 
feeling resulting from good digestion. 

1849 CarLyLe /rish Yourn. 152 Simplicity, energy, eupep- 
ticity; a right healthy thick-sided Irish soul. 1865 — Fredh. 
Gt, V. xu. vii. 77 No man..has swum through such seas of 
transcendent eupepticity. 

Euphe'mian (yfi'mian), a. vare. [f. as next 
+-IAN.] = EvPHEMISTIC, 

1820 W. Tooxe tr. Lucian I. 550 note, An euphemian turn, 
to avoid directly saying that something dreadful would be- 
fall them. : i 

Euphemious (yzfi-mias), a. rare. [f. Gr. e- 
gnp-os fair of speech, also well reputed (f. ed- 
Ev- + o9un gs king, fame) +-(1)ous.] a. = Ev- 
PHEMISTIC. b. That has a reputable name. 

1867 L. CampBeE tt tr. Plato’s Polit. Introd. 50 He may 
have recourse to the more ‘ euphemious’ plan of emigration. 

Hence Euphe'miously adv. = EUPHEMISTICALLY. 

1853 Fraser's Mag. XLVII. 683 The ‘poets’ had ‘mounted 
their horse’, as getting drunk was euphemiously called by 
that polite people. 1884 B. NicHotson in A thenzum 28 June 
824/3 It iseuphemiously said to be a ‘ change of three letters’, 

uphemism (y7'f/miz’m). [ad. Gr. edpnwop- 
és, f. edpnuifey to speak fair, f. edpnyos; see prec.] 

1. Rhet. That figure of speech which consists in 
the substitution of a word or expression of com- 
paratively favourable implication or less unpleasant 
associations, instead of the harsher or more offen- 
sive one that would more precisely designate what 
is intended, 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Euphemism, a good or favour- 
able interpretation of a bad word. 1678-96 in Puituirs. 
1721-1800 in Barrey. _1793 Beattie Moral Sc. § 866 
Akin to it [Litotes] is Euphemism. 1879 M. D. Conway 
Demonol. 1. m. vi. 348 Serpent-worship in India was de- 
veloped by euphemism. fi 

2. An instance of this figure; a less distasteful 
word or phrase used as a substitute for something 
harsher or more offensive, 


EUPHONICAL. 


1793 Beattie Moral Sc. § 866 The euphemism [‘he 
fell asleep’] partakes of the nature of metaphor. 1860 
Frouve Hist. Eng. V1. 27 foot-n., A shorn crown ..a eu- 
phemism for decapitation. 1865 TyLor Early Hist. Man. 
vi. 143 The euphemism of calling the Furies the Eumenides. 
1877 E. Coves Fur Anim. vil. 216 The Skunk yields a 
handsome fur, lately become fashionable, under the eu- 
phemism of ‘ Alaska Sable’. 

+3. (See quot.) Obs.—° 

1678-96 PuHILLies, Euphemism, a setting forth any ones 
good fame. 1721-1800 in Baitry. 1828 in WEBSTER. 

|| Euphemismus (y7fz;mi-zmis). Now rare. 
[late L., ad. Gr. ; see prec.] = prec. 

1599 Broughton’s Lett. 19 Commilitones ..is giuen by an 
Euphemismus of Captaines to their Souldiers. 1657 J. 
SmitH Jyst. Rhet, 224 Euphemismus .. a good change of 
a word, or a fair kind of speech. 1706 in Puituirs. 1836 
Sir H. Taytor Statesman xii. 85 Adherence to system or 
precedent, called by euphemismus adherence to principle. 

Euphemist (y7‘fimist). rave—°. [f. Gr. edpn- 
p-os + -IST.] One who uses euphemisms. 

1860 WorcEsTER cites CARLYLE. 

Euphemistic (y#ftmistik), a. [f Gr. e- 
gnp-os (see EUPHEMIOUS) + -IST+-IC.] Pertaining 
to euphemism; of the nature of a euphemism ; 
containing a euphemism. 

1856 Sat, Rev. Il. 265/2 He is entitled to claim, or to 
negotiate, or to arrange—or whatever euphemistic phrase 
may be more suitable—for a retiring competency, etc. 1876 
Freeman Norm. Cong. V.18 The euphemistic spirit goes 
so far..that the Norman owner is spoken of as the ‘heir’ 
of the Englishman who had been turned out. 1877 Out/. 
Hist. Relig. 149 Rudra. .under his euphemistic name of Siva. 

Hence Euphemi'stical a.=prec. Euphemi's- 
tically adv., by way of euphemism. 

1879 M. Arnotp £ss., Falkland 220 Such is Clarendon’s 
euphemistical phrase for poor and proud men of letters. 
1860 in J. A. Hessey Notes Bampton Lect. 473 Whisky, 
(euphemistically termed refreshment), 1874 Deutscu Rem. 
365 R. Joseph bar Chama, the Blind, euphemistically called 
the clear-sighted. : 

Euphemize (y7f7 imaiz), v. [ad. Gr. ebpn- 
pi¢ev to speak fair, use auspicious words, f. evpn- 
pos: see EvpHEmious.] a. ¢rans. To express 
by a euphemism; to speak of euphemistically. 
b. zxtr. To speak euphemistically; to make use 
of euphemisms. 

1857 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. § Eng. 11. 1 The agreeable 
cheat we pass upon ourselves by euphemizing sins. 1872 
Lever Ld. Kilgobbin \xiii, What Sheil used to euphemize 
as ‘the wild justice’ of noble spirits, 1880 Blackw. Mag. 
Feb. 253 Euphemise and moralise as our humanitarian 
sophists may. 1888 Standard 24 Feb. 5/2 They euphemise 
gambling bargains as ‘ special transactions’. 

Euphemous (yfimos), a. rare. [f. Gr. ed- 
gnp-os (see EUPHEMIOUS) + -oUS.] = EUPHEMISTIC. 

1859 7zes 15 Mar. 9/3 The name of this noisy bustling 
quarrelsome discontented and insalubrious little island 
[Hong Kong] may..be used as a euphemous synonym for 
a place not mentionable to ears polite. , 

Euphemy (y‘fimi). rare, [ad. Gr. edpnpia, 
f. edpnyos: see EUPHEMIOUS.] = EUPHEMISM 2. 

1857 I. Taytor World of Mind 629 In human nature, 
love is more than a euphemy for selfism. 

|| Euphonia (yz:fownia). [late Lat., a. Gr. eb- 
gpwvia: see EUPHONY.] = EvuPHoNy. 

asgr Percivatt Sf. Dict. Bij, Pleasantnes or easines of 
sound or vtterance, called Euphonia. 1602 Carew Corn- 
wall 1204, g for Euphonias sake being turned into 7. 1706 
in Puitups. 1736in Bary. 1814 Scott Wav. liv, Seven 
Highland ladies. .screamed the company deaf, with examples 
of Celtic euphonia. 1824 Blackw. Mag. XV. 144 So much 
for exordium and euphonia ! ms ? 

Euphoniad (ywfowniad). Afws. [irreg. f. prec.] 
(See quot.) 

1854 J. W. Moore Encycl. Mus. s.v., This instrument was 
invented by P. L. and G. Grosh, of Petersburg, Pa. They 
claim that it .. combines in its tones those of the organ, 
clarinet, horn, bassoon, and violin. 1864 Hence in WEBSTER. 

Euphonic (yzfg:nik), a. [f. EupHon-y +-10; cf. 
Fr. euphonique.} 

1. +a. Well sounding, agreeable to the ear; 
= Evupuontous. Oés. b. Conformable to the 


laws of euphony. ‘ 

1814 Scotr Wav. i, The most sounding and euphonic sur- 
name that English history or topography affords. 1851 Sir 
F. Patcrave Norm. & Eng. 1. 276 Under the more euphonic 
denomination of Arsenius. 1876 Bircu ZgyAt 30 The Greek 
Sesoosis, or Setesura, made euphonic as Sesostris, 

2. Of or pertaining to euphony. 

1816 J. Gitcurist Philos. Etym, p. xviii, The consonants, 
have been as in a kind of euphonic spite gnawed down into 
musical notes. 1875 Witney Life Lang. vii. 128 Purely 
euphonic influences. 1879 F. Harrison Choice Bks. (1886) 
28 note, To English hexameters there are euphonic obstacles 
which seem to be insuperable. | . 

3. as sd. in pl. Euphonions expressions, monce- 
use (ironical). 

1850 L. Hunt Awtodiog. 1. v. 191 It was curious to hear 
him. .urge on his horses with the other customary euphonics 
ofhistribe. | ee 

Euphornical, a. (yzfpnikal). [f. as prec. + 
-AL.] = prec. Hence Euphornically adv. Eu- 
pho‘nicalness, the quality of being euphonical. 

1668 Witxins Real Char. m1. xiv. 381 Our English hath 
what is comely and euphonical in each of these. 1674 
Petty Disc. Dupl. Proportion Ep. Ded., Grandisonous or 
Euphonical Nonsence. 1824 Blackw. Mag. XV1. 58 With 
a grand euphonical sentence ..I concluded. 1860 Tyas 

wd Fl, 1x Sow-Bread.—How euphonical is ie name. 
1 


EUPHONIOUS. 


1884 Bath Fru. 25 Oct. 6/2 The contest over what is eu- 
phonically called ‘the City Staff’, 1668 Wuxins Real 
Char. Contents Djb, A comparison of the here 

with Euphoni- 
calness of it. 


fifty others, as to the facility 

Eu (yufownias), a. [f. as prec. + 
-ous.]. Full of or characterized by euphony ; 
pleasing to the ear. (Often used ironically.) 

1774 Joet Cottier Mus. Trav, (1775) 5, 1 chose to change 
my name from Collier to Cogli or Collioni, as_more 
euphonious. 1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. U1. 337 
W. Invi LOR ingthe Lodlan 
woven. 1836 W. Irvine Astoria II. estoring the 
names, porns significant gat pag ree 1865 Reader 
26 Aug. 224/2 Is it grammatical, even if it were eu ous, 
potlanag he 1872 Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1 79) 189 A 
lane, bearing the euphoni g 1 of Sp ry Green. 

Hence Euphoniously adv., in a euphonious 
manner, with pleasant exer a ta 

oll. Ho. xv. 1s language 

es cope oe ly in your ears. 1856 Kane Arct. 

Expl. I. xii. 125 Thus euphoniously solicited, the Uper- 

naviks sat down ane ate. = 7 Subj. Women (1869) 
22 They euphoniously paraphrase it, 

Euphonism (yw:foniz’m). Also 8 in Latin 
form euphonismus. [f. as prec. +-1sM.] The habit 
of using well-sounding words or names; a well- 
sounding combination or expression. 

1774 Westm. Mag. II. 567 The metaphor and digression, 
the Ape and euphonismus. 1820 Blackw. 


. Mag. Vil. 
664 This elaborate system of euphonism. 1847 in 
Etym. Dict. | ., pe iaaee 

uphonistic (yfoni'stik), a. [f.as prec. + -Ist 
+-Ic.] Chosen with regard to euphony; aiming 
to be euphonious. 

1837 Lytton £. Maltrav. 1x. iv, [Her] words were not eu- 
phonistic, nor her voice mellifluous. 1856 Sat. Rev. 11. 220/2 
Among the Greeks, the Furies had an especially euphonistic 
appellative. 1876 Mrs. Hopkins Rose Turg. 3 i. 3 The eu- 
shoniitic but somewhat fictional language of domestic life. 

Euphonium (yxfownidm). Aus. [as if Lat., 
f. Gr. etpov-os: see EupHoNy.] ‘A name given 
to the bass instrument of the Saxhorn family, usu- 
ally tuned in Bb or C. It only differs from the 
barytone Saxhorn in the larger diameter of its 
bore, which thus produces a longer and somewhat 
deeper quality of tone’ (Grove). Also attrib. 

1865 Reader No. 139. 244/2 The bass duet. .upon a couple 
of euphoniums. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 27 The con- 
struction of a harmonium..accordion, or euphonium. 1888 
Daily News 3 Sept. 3/3 The death is also announced of the 
popular euphonium player Mr. A. J. Phasey. 

Euphonization (y#:fdnaizé'-fon). [f. next: see 
-ATION.] The action of rendering euphonious. 

1890 F. Hatt in Nation (N. York) LI. 361/2 Pinkerton’s 
egregious attempt, in ‘Thea Visiona of Mirza’, at the 
euphonization of English. 

Euphonize (y# fonaiz), v. [f. EuPHoN-y + -1zE.] 
trans. To render euphonious, impart euphony to; 
to alter (a word) for the sake of euphony. 

1774 Mitrorp Harm. Lang. 172 The spreading of classical 
learning had not at first that general effect in euphonizing 
our language which might have been expected. 1832 Blackw. 
Mag. XXXII. 972, I am now in the heart of Nadoly, or, 
as we euphonize it, Natolia. 1840 BArHam Jngol. Leg., 
Leech Folkest., A row of houses then denominated ‘ Frog- 
hole’. Modern refinement subsequently euphonized the 
name into ‘ East-street’. 

Euphonon (y#foungn). Aus, [ad. Gr. eb- 
govov, neut. of evpavos; see EupHony.] A mu- 
sical instrument (see quot. 1842) which resembled 
the upright piano in form and the organ in tone. 

1824 Specif. Patent No. 4994 These said frames are to be 
placed as nearly as possible to the strings of the pianofortes 
and the euphonons. 1842 A. SavaGe in Mech. Mag. 
XXXVII. 563 When describing the claviol I ought to have 
mentioned .. the euphonon. In this instrument the strings 
are of steel wire .. put into vibration by an endless band, 
acting as a bow, one band to each string. 

Euphonous (y7‘fdnas). [f. Gr. evpovos see next 
+-0US.] = EvupHoNtovus. 

1805 W. Tayior in Ann. Rev. III. 651 He is a great 
artist .. full of dexterities, various and euphonous. 1827 
Blackw. Mag. XXII. 593 That euphonous compliment 
devoted by Irish patriots and mob-orators to slavery and 
oppression. 1834 Sir H. Taytor A rtevelde Wks. (1864) I. 
301 note, I have adopted this. very euphonous epithet from 
a little poem called ‘ The Errors of Ecstacie’. 

Euphony (y#'fdni), Also 7 euphonie. [a. 
F. euphonie, ad. Gr. ebpovia, f. evpavos well- 
sounding, f. ed- (see Eu-) + pavq voice, sound.] 
a. The quality of having a pleasant sound ; the 
pleasing effect of sounds free from harshness: 
chiefly with reference to combinations of words in 
sentences, or of phonetic elements in spoken words. 
b. In recent philological use often: The tendency 
to greater ease of pronunciation, as shown in those 
combinatory phonetic changes formerly ascribed 
to an endeavour after a pleasing acoustic effect. 

1623 Cockreram, Euphonie, accent in words. 1680 Dat- 
Garno Didascol. 114 (T.), Had the Grecians been as care- 
less of euphony .. in the terminations, as they have been in 
the initial syllables. 1727 Art of Speaking in Publick (ed. 2) 

’Tis the same in 5; rp ey ick ; Words for the 
uphony of the one, and Notes for the Harmony of the 
other. 1773 W. Kenrick Rhet. Gram. i. § 4. 13 (Jod.) The 
ph | of speech freq ly interferes with the rules, 
founded solely on its significancy. 18a Eustace Zour 


ISWALD 


322 


Epopeus, for euphony softened 
ino Eyome, Ties Teton Parly Hist. jx i 
Press. xii = ee ir tes eatin of many es 
tne Peay onthe, enue bh Te 
eu y affecting this sound. { 
|| Euphorbia (y#fpbid). Bot. Also 4 eu- 
forbia. [a. L. exe ee Sapte a eee 
itania.] The 


the peculiar inflorescence of having a number of 
stamens round a stalked and three-celled ovary. 
Some of the species, as Z. punicea, are culti- 
vated for the beauty of their involucre, the bracts 
of which are a brilliant scarlet, with the appear- 
ance of a real flower. Cf. SPURGE. 

1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. xv. xciii. (1495) 524 In 
Mauritanea groweth an herbe callyd Euforbia .. the on flowy 
bd therof is wonderly praysyd in clerenesse of si 1601 

OLLAND Pliny II. 222 luba king of Mauritania, found out 
the herb Euphorbia, which he so called after the name of 
his own Physitian Euphorbus. 1 Martyn Rousseanu's 
Bot. xx, 281 Euphorbia has a la of four and sometimes 
of five petals. 1813 Sim H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 147 
Different species of Euphorbia emit a milky juice. 1834 
Prince A/r. Sk. vi. 209 The lofty candelabra-shaped eu- 
eres towering above the copses of eve ns. 1878 

. M. Stantey Dark Cont. 1. vi. 139 The villages .. are 
surrounded by hedges of euphorbias, milk-weed. 

Hence Eu:phorbia‘ceous a. [ + -acrous], of the 
Natural Order ELuphorbiaceer. Tuphorrbial a. 


[+ Bo = prec. 

1852 Tu. Ross Humboldt’s Trav. Il. xvi. 52 note, The 
juice of a euphorbiaceous plant (Sapium aucuparium)..is so 
glutinous that it is used to catch parrots. 1863 Bates Nat. 
Amazon iv. (1864) 86 The tree which yields this valuable 
sap [India-rubber] is the Siphonia Elastica, a member of the 
Euphorbiaceous order. Wesster, Exphorbial, citing 
Ocitvie; and in mod. Dicts. 

+Euphorbine!. Ods. In 4 euforbine [f. L. 
euphorbea (see prec.).] Some product of the 
euphorbia. = 

¢ 1400 og See Cirurg. (MS. A.) 104 Anoynte .. his 
necke wip hoote oynementis, as with oile of nardine, 
euforbine, oile of rue. 

Euphorbine ? (yzfp-1bain). Chem. [f. Ev- 
PHORB-IA + -INE4.] (See quots.) 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 792 This is the sub- 
stance which M. Ricord-Madianna has called euphorbin. 
1882 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 607 The milky juice of £. 
myrtifolia. .contains, according to Ricord-Madianna, a non- 
volatile poisonous principle, euphorbine. 

|| Euphorbium (y#fprbidm). Also 4 euf-, 
eufforbium. [a. L. euphorbeum=euphorbea.] 

+1. = EvpHorsia. Ods. 

_ Sytvester Du Bartas u. iv. u. (1605-7) m1. 67 His 
Shield .. freng’d about with sprigs of Scammonie, And of 
Euphorbium, forged cunningly. 1626 Bacon Sy/va (1631) 
§ 639 Euphorbium also hath a Milke .. not very white, 
which is ofa great Acrimony. 1712 E. Cook Vay. S. Sea 326 
The Trees I observ’d here, were Lignum Vita, Birch. .Eu- 
phorbium. 1767 J. Asercrompie Lv. Man his own Gard. 
(1803) 130 Succulent kinds. .such as. .euphorbiums. 

2. A gum resin obtained from certain succulent 
species of Luphorbia. It is an extremely acrid 
substance, formerly used as an emetic and pur- 
gative. The powder causes violent sneezing. 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 43 To drie bodies he 
muste be medlid wip a litil euforbium [printed en/forbium). 
¢ 1530 //ickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 178 He .. spake To 
a prentice for a penny-worth of euphorbium. 1653 UrquHarT 
Rabelais 1. xvi, Another [pocket] he had all full of Eu- 
phorbium very finely pulverised..shaking it [his handker- 
chief] hard at their nose [he] made them sneeze for foure 
hours without ceasing. 1760 Wiis in Phil. Trans. LI. 
663 She took .. two ounces of the tincture of euphorbium. 
1860 Sir W. Hooker & Arnott Brit. Flora 291 Euphorbia 
officinarum, antiquorum and canariensis give the euphor- 
bium of the shops. 

Euphorbone (yfp:ibdun). Chem. Also eu- 
phorbon. [f. prec. + cmd. on quots.) 

1876 Harvey Mat. Med. 437 ording to Fliickiger, 100 

[of Euphorbium] contain .. 22 of Euphorbon. 
urR & Morisey Watts’ Dict. Chem. Il, Ex; » 
Cx» HO. Extracted from Euphorbium by light petro- 
leum at 70° and crystallised from alcohol-ether, 

Euphory (y#‘fori). Path. Also 8 in Lat. form 
euphoria. ie Gr. ebpopia, f. edpopos well-bear- 
ing, f. eb well + pépew to bear.] 

+L. (See quot.) Ods. 

ly! tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xix. 674 The most certain 
rule for the quantity [of mineral waters] is the Lg tt! or 
well-bearing [of the patient]. 1706 Pitts (ed. Kersey), 
Euphoria, the well bearing of the Operation of a Medicine, 
i.e. when the Patient finds himself eas’d or reliev'd by it. 

2. ‘A word used to express well-being, or the 
perfect ease and comfort of healthy persons, espe- 
cially when the sensation occurs in a sick person’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex.). 1727-51 in Cuampers Cyc. 

Hence Euphoric (yzfprik) a., pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or characterized by euphory. 

1888 Amer. Frni. Psychol. 1. 361 Dr. Battaglia produced 


EUPHUISM. 


{by hashish] a great variety of symptoms with 
‘hot (yetdutaid) Geol. [, ied 
u'taid). . a. Fr. 

tide, £. Gr. eb- (see Ev-) + pas, part-ds Tight] 
‘A crystalline rock consisting essentially of La- 
brador fe! and , With subordinate inter- 
mixtures of homblende and augite’ (Page). Called 
also GaBBRO, q.v. Also attrib. 

1836 Maccitiivray tr. Humboldt’s Trav. xxi. 301 The 


d are dby itic and euphotide 
rocks. Lyeut Elem. Geol. S 
785 = eel diorite, of sarpadiiian, Bre Spectator 2 aad 
|| Euphrasia (y#fréi-zia). Also 8 euphragia. 
[L. form of next.] 
1. Bot. = Eururasy 1. 


Puuturs (ed. ), EB: ja or Ew ia, the 
Hae Eyebright ig Bion ar Hist. Man, vi. 123 
The Euphrasia, or eye-bri was, and is, supposed to be 
good for the eyes. 


Euphrasy (yi‘frisi). Also 5 heufrasy, 6-7 

euphrasie, 7 eufrage. [ad. med.L. euphrasia | 

correctly eufragia), a. Gr. ebppac-ia, lit. ‘ - 

ness’, f. evppaivew to cheer, f. ed- (see Eu-) + 
mind. Cf. Fr. exfraise.] 

is (N.O. 


. Bot. A plant, Luphrasia officinali 
Scrophulariacex), formerly held in high repute for 
its medicinal virtues in the treatment of diseases of 
the eye; = Eyx-Bricut. Also fig. 

¢1475 Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 787 Hec eufrasia, a 
heufrasy. 1503 Sheph. Kalender xxviii, Salendin, eufrage, 
pimpernell. 15: RAMPTON Joyful News 43 b, Euphrasie, 
otherwise called eye-bright. 1667 Mitton P. L. x1. 414 
Michael. . purg’d with Euphrasie and Rue The visual Nerve. 
1742 SHENSTONE Schoolmistr. xii. 100 ee - That gives 
dim eyes to wander leagues around. 16 Soutney Poet's 
Pilgr.1. 40 Reason when the props of flesh gave way P’ 
as with euphrasy the mortal eye. 1865 Gosse Land §& Sea 
(1874) 15 The little euphrasy derives its name of eyebright.. 
= its old reputation for ‘ making old eyes young again’. 


the Orient breath’d And rent the curtain’d sky. 
es Ths one pureed aad sueugshenet, ty tee ODOM GE 
e strengthe eu 

ot ti Je60, FaBer Bethke vi. (1865) 353 Eyes which 
have been touched with the special euphrasy of h 

g 2. In pseudo-etymological sense: Fine phras- 
ing. vare—'. 

[A Gr, *evppacia in this sense _— have been f. eb- + 
pager to speak, but it is not 'y found.) 

1833 Fraser's Mag. VII. 216 His former volumes abounded 
in. .affected idioms, and attempts at euphrasy. 

Euphroe (y# fro). Naut. Also uphroe, uvrou, 
uvrow. [a. Du. juffrouw, also juffer dead-eye, 
lit. ‘maiden’; the equivalent Ger. jungfer, 
jomfrue, Sw. jungfru are used in same sense.] 
A crow-foot dead-eye ; see Bye 

—_ Marine Dict. (ed. Burney), Uj . Ibid. 
s.v. Dead-eye, Crowfeet Dead-Eyes .. termed an 
euphroe. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk. sv. Dead-eye, 
The crowfeet dead-eyes are long cylindrical blocks with 
a number of small holes in them, to receive the or lines 
composing the crowfoot. Also called uvrows. Jbid., Eu- 
—— Uphroe, Uvrou. 1874 Kuicut Dict. Mech. s.v., 
e euphroe (or uphroe) and its pendent cords form a crow- 
oot. 


+ Eu'phue, v. Ods. rare. [f. next.] ¢rans. = 
Evupuvize, : . 
oe te Piel! i eae 
iccemor ane in the lillypot blanke then in the lillypot 

uy) 

Euphues (y#fiz,zz). [Gr. ebpuns well-endowed 
by nature, f. ed- (see Ev-) + @vq growth, f. pve 
rhs pdagelya of i sel pa se Sadia atea ar 
sonage of fiction was suggested ra hers pumage of Aachasn 
q 5 

The name of the chief character in John Lyly’s 
two works, Zuphues, The Anatomy of Wit (1578), 
and Luphues and his England (1580). ence 
a. The k bearing that name. tb. Zo speak 
Euphues: to talk dialect of ‘Euphues’, to 

: cee, (aie) we Bipeny he that is 
RY 

by aeolian of witte, nd ‘enpiable readines of ‘ei pe 
learning, hauing all other qualities of the minde and partes 
of the i must another day serue learning, not 
troubled, led, and halfed, but, etc.) @1613 Oversury 
A Wi (1638)88 And speaks Eu ues, not so gracefully as 
heartily, 1613 Beaum. & Fr. Honest Man's Fort. v. iii, 
The conrtier .. hee nothing ts bie bat s stbes of Saapan: 
And twenty dozen of twelvepenny ri 

Euphuism (yifiw,iz’m). Also 6-7 euphue- 
isme, 9 -eism. [f. prec. +-I8M.] 

1, ly, the name of a certain type of dic- 
tion and style which originated in the imitation 
of Lyly’s Zuphues (see prec.), and which was 
fashionable in literature and in the conversation 
of cultivated society at the end of the 16th and 
beginning of the 17th c. Hence applied to any 


> Pee 
1838 S. Bettamy Betrayal u. 45 The early Schr Soe 
’ eu- 


EUPHUIST. 


similar kind of affectation in writing or speech, 
and (loosely) to affectedly periphrastic or ‘ high- 
flown’ language in general. 

The chief features of ‘ Sain ’ in the proper sense are: 
the continual recurrence of antithetic clauses in which the 
antithesis is emphasi by means of alliteration ; the fre- 

uent introduction of a long string of similes all relating to 
the same subject, often drawn from the fabulous qualities 
ascribed to plants, minerals, and animals ; and the constant 
endeavour after subtle refinement of expression. The sense 
in which (exc. in books on literary history) the word is now 
commonly used, is chiefly suggested by the absurd bombast 
which Scott puts into the mouth of Sir Piercie Shafton (who 
is described as a ‘Euphuist’) in The Monastery : this cari- 
cature, however, bears very little resemblance to the genuine 
*euphuism’. Some loose uses of the word can hardly be 
accounted for exc. by supposing that the writers (recognizing 
the familiar prefix e-) a the notion that its etymological 
sense was ‘fine talking’ or something equivalent. 

1sgz G. Harvey Third Let. 34 What hee is improued 
since, excepting his good olde Flores Poetarum, and Tarle- 
tons Laeger Spee ue, with a little Euphuisme, and 
Greenesse inough. 1632 E. Brount Lyly’s Six Crt. Co- 
medies Ep.to Rdr., All our Ladies were then his Schollers ; 
And that Beautie in Court, which could not Parley Euphu- 
eisme, was as little regarded; as shee which now there, 
speakes not French. 1820 Scotr Moxast. xiv, When eu- 

huism is out of fashion. 1841-4 Emerson £ss., Nature 

ks. (Bohn) I. 227 Assoon as men begin to write on nature, 
they fall into euphuism. 1852 Lever Dadtons I. xxvii. 225 
Her perfumed little notes, written in a style of euphuism all 
her own. 1874 GREEN Short Hist. vii. 427 The Pedantry 
of Euphuism was giving way to the pedantry of Scriptural 
phrases. 

q transf. Affected elegance in dress, etc. 

This curious use is found also in Fr. 3; see Littré. 

1824 New Monthly Mag. X. 493 Their own frippery eu- 
phueism of dress and manner. 

2. An instance of euphuism; a euphuistic phrase 
or composition. 

1871 R. F. Wevmoutu Euph. 13, I take a euphuism.. 
as signifying a particular form of expression characteristic 
of Lilie’s prose. 1884 E. P. Hoop in Chr. World 21 Aug. 
629/2 Hymn-writers..whose frigid euphuisms have found 
their names in Mr. Miller’s large catalogue. 

4 Erroneously for EUPHEMISM. 

1865 Mrs. GaskELt Wives § Dau. in Cornh. Mag. Aug. 
139 ‘If anything did—go wrong, you know’, said Cynthia, 
using an euphuism for death. 1866 Gro. Exior #. Holt 
(1868) 63 Those are your roundabout euphuisms that dress 
up swindling till, etc. 

uphuist (y7‘fiz,ist). [fas prec.+-1st.] An 
imitator of the style of expression characteristic of 
Lyly’s Zuphues ; one whose writing or speech is 
characterized by EUPHUISM. 

1820 Scorr Monast. xv, There he found the Euphuist in 
the same elegant posture of abstruse calculation which he 
had exhibited on the preceding evening. 1828 MacauLay 
Yohn Dryden It is needless to mention Sidney and the 
whole tribe of Euphuists. 1871 R. F. Weymoutu Euph. 3 
Shakespeare does not call Don Adriano a euphuist ; nor 
ishe such. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. 392 Elizabeth was 
the most affected and detestable of Euphuists. 

Euphuistic (y#fiwji'stik), a. [f prec. +-10.] 
Tending to or resembling euphuism ; of the nature 
of euphuism ; characterized by euphuism. Chiefly 
in inaccurate sense: Abounding in ‘highflown’ 
or affectedly refined expression. 

1828 CartyLE Goethe's Helena Misc. Ess. (1888) I. 157 
If indeed it is not a little euphuistic. 1842 Lytron Zanoni 
21 Ears grown nice and euphuistic in the .. dulcet melodies 
of the day. 1863 Mrs. C. CLarKe Shaks. Char. xvii. 448 
He was intended to be a satire upon some euphuistic and 
bombastious characters .. found in other plays of his time. 
1871 R. F. Wevmouts Zufh. 3 The most important element 
by far in the euphuistic style is antithesis. 1876 E. A, 
Assotr Bacon in Contemp, Rev. June 154 The. antithetical 
euphuistic prose of Essex. 

So Euphui‘stical a. = prec. Euphuisstic- 
ally adv. ~ 

1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 521 Making an agreeable and 
euphuistical alliteration. 1856 R. A. VaucHan Mystics 
(1860) II. 5 A poem, most euphuistically entitled The 
Cherubic Wanderer. 1874 Motiey Barneveld IIL. xxi. 391 
The Advocate had, as it was euphuistically expressed, been 
looking towards the enemy. 

+ Eu'phuize, v. Ods. [f. EupHu-zs + -1Z5.] 
a. intr. To talk like Euphues. b. trans. To 
fashion after the model of Euphues. Hence 
Euwphuized Af/. a. 

1609 Dekker Gull’s Horne-bk. vi. (Nares), When the Ar- 
cadian and Euphuis’d gentlewomen have their tongues 
sharpened to set upon you. «1627 Mippieton Father 
Habied's T. Wks. V. 561 For if thou Euphuize..I’ll say 
thou borrow’st and condemn thy style. 

Eu lite (yufi'lsit). Win. [f. Gr. evpudr-os 
well-leafed (f. eb- Ev-+@vAAov leaf) +-ITE: see 
quot. 1849.] A hydrous silicate, micaceous in 
structure, and of a white colour. 

1849 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. 1. VIII. 383 The beautiful foliae 
[sic] of this pearly white mineral have suggested the name 
Euphyllite. 1873 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XIII. 391 Eu- 
phyllite accompanied by tourmaline and zirsite is a very rare 
associate of corundum, 1882 Watrs Dict. Chem. II. 608. 
‘Eupione (y#‘pijown). Chem. Also 9 eupion. 
[a. Gr. edmiwy very fat, f. ed- (see Eu-) + mia fat ; 
later assimilated to derivatives in -onE.] A vola- 
tile, oily liquid obtained by the distillation of 
wood, tar, etc. 

1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 701 Eupion is a 
colourless limpid liquid. ¢ 1865 J. WyLpr Cire. Sc. 1. 420/2 


823 


Eupione is another sigan of wood-tar. 1873 Watts 
Fownes’ Chem. 549 The liquid compounds of the paraffin 
series, known in commerce as paraffin oil, photogene, solar 
oil, eupione, etc. 1882 — Dict. Chem. 11. 608. , 

Euplastic (yple'stik), a and sd. [f. Gr. 
e¥mdagt-os easy to mould (f. ed- Ev-+mAaarés, 
f, mAdooey to form, mould) + -1c.] 

A. adj. That is easily formed into an organic 
tissue: see quot, 1884. 

1847 Topp Cyc?. Anat. III. 754/1 Between the. .euplastic 
and the .. aplastic deposits the gradations are almost in- 
sensible. 1860 in Mayne £2. Lex. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Euplastic. Lobstein’s term for morbid deposits of plastic 
lymph which are of perfect structure and of easy organisa- 
tion, as well as for healthy blastema in general. 

B. 5. Euplastic matter. 

1864 in WEBSTER ; and in mod. Dicts. 

|| Eupnoea (yzpni-a). Path. [mod.L., a. Gr. 
evrvoia, f. ebrvoos breathing easily, f. eb well+ 
mvé-ev to breathe.] Natural or normal breathing ; 
easy respiration. 

1706 in Puituirs. 1721-1800 in Batey. 1847 in Craic. 
1876 Foster Phys. ui. ii. (1879) 354 The different conditions 
of the respiratory centre during apnoea, normal breathing 
or eupneea, and dyspnoea. | 

Eupnoic (yzpndwik), a. [f. Gr. ebmvo-os (see 
prec.) + -1¢.] Relating to eupncea; breathing 
easily and freely. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

|| Buporvria (yzpoerria), [mod.L., a. Gr. edmopia 
an easy way (of doing a thing), f. evmopos easily 
done, f. ev- (see Eu-) + épos way.] (See quot.) 

1706 Puitiies (ed. Kersey), Euforia, a readiness in pre- 
paring Medicines, or the easiness of their Working. 1753 
Cuampers Cycl, Supp. (citing Blancard). 1775 in AsuH. 

+Eupory. Ods.—° [Anglicized form of prec.] 

1721-1800 in Barry. 

+ Eupori'stical, 2. O0s. rare—'. [f. as next 
+-IC+-AL.] Of a kind to be easily procured. 

1657 Tomuinson Renxou’s Disp. 711 There is not amongst 
+. euporistical medicaments, one more frequent or simple. 

i] Eupori'ston. Obs. Pl. euporista. [a. Gr. ed- 
mépiorov, neut. of edmdpioros easy to procure (7a 
evrdptota (sc. pappaxa) common family medicines, 
title of a work by Dioscorides), f. ed- (see Eu-) + 
mopitew to procure.] A common medicine; a 
medicine that may be easily procured. 

1706 Puiturs, Exporista. 1710 T. Futter Pharm, Ex- 
temp. 420 This Euporiston doth .. melt down, and draw 
forth tough Phlegm. 1775 in Asx. 

Eupractic (ywprektik), a. rave. [f. Gr. & 
well + mpax-, mpaocev to do, act: cf. PRactic.] 
Inclined to act rightly. 

1833 CARLYLE Diderot Misc. (1857) III. 215 An easy laconic 
gentleman. .good-humoured, eupeptic, and eupractic. 

+Eupra‘xy. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Gr. edrpagia 
well-doing, f. ed well + mpax-, mpacoew to act.] 
Well-doing ; right action. 

1675 Baxter Cath. Theol. 1. . 5 That Liberty and Eu- 
praxy or Obedience are all one. 

+ Eupy’rion. Ods. [f. Gr. ed- (see Ev-) + m- 
petov firestick, f. wip fire.]} The name given by the 
inventor to a contrivance for obtaining a light 
instantaneously ; see quot. 1827. Also fig. 

1827 Farapay Chem. Manip. i, Hertner’s Eupyrion .. 
consists of a very small bottle half filled with asbestus .. 
moistened with very concentrated sulphuric acid .. The 
matches are small slips of wood tipped with sulphur. .dipped 
into a mixture of chlorate of potash, and starch or sugar. 
Ibid, i. 22 An eupyrion should always be conveniently 

laced in the laboratory. 1827 Hoop Bianca’s Dream 1, 
Bach eye of hers had Love’s Eupyrion in it, That he could 
light his link at in a minute. . 

|| Buraquilo (yuerekwilo). Also BHuro- 
aquilo. [L. Zuraguzlo (in Gr. form Etpaxidwr), 
Euroaquilo (Vulg.), f. L. Zur-us east-wind + 
Aguzlo north-wind.] A stormy wind from the NE. 
or NNE. blowing in the Levant. Cf. EurocLypon. 

182 N. T. (Rhem.) Acts xxvii. 14 A tempestuous vvinde 
that is called Euro-aquilo[1z6xx Euroclydon. 1881 (Revised) 
Euraquilo]. 

Eurasian (yiierzi-fan), a. and sb. [f. Hur-ope 
+ Asia (in sense A. 1 f. the compound Luvasza) 
+-AN.] A. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to Eurasia, z.e. to Europe 
and Asia considered as forming in reality one 
continent. Cf. EuRASIATIC. 

1868 Hayvpn Dict. Dates (ed. 13), Eurasian-plain, the 
great central plain of Europe and Asia, 

2. Of mixed European and Asiatic (esp. Indian) 
parentage. (The earlier designation was East 
INDIAN.) 

1844 J. M. Local Sketches (Calcutta) in WV. § Q. Ser.vi. XII. 
177 The Eurasian Belle. 1858 Calcutta Rev. XXXI. 96 

ast Indian subscribers to the Fund are a very superior 
class to the mixed Eurasian population we see around us. 
1860 S. Times 26 Aug. 4/2 The term Eurasian is applied 
to the offspring of a European father and a Hindoo or 
Mussulman woman in India. 1870 Kaye Sefoy War II. 291 
The. families also of European or Eurasian merchants and 
traders were gathered there [at Cawnpore] in large numbers. 
1881 G. A. Mackay Tour Sir Ali Baba 121 The Eurasian 
girl is often pretty and graceful. : 5 

B. sb. “A modern name for persons of mixt 
European and Indian blood’ (Col. Yule). See 
CHEE-CHEE. 


EURIPE. 


1845 Stocqurter Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 30 Eura- 
sians, a term invented by the late Marquis of Hastings, 
conventionally accepted as embracing all the progeny of 
white fathers and Hindoo or Mahometan mothers. 1869 
E. A. Parkes Pract, Hygiene (ed. 3) 461 Eurasians (that 
is the mixed race of British, Portuguese, Hindoo, Malay, 
blood mixed in all degrees). 1880 G. A. Mackay Tour Sir 
Ali Baba 123 The shovel-hats are surprised that the Eura- 
sian does not become a missionary or a schoolmaster. 

Eurasiatic (yiieré'fije'tik), @. [f as prec. + 
-ATi¢.] Of or pertaining toEurasia ; see prec. A. 1. 

1870 Huxtey in Contemp. Rev. XIV. 519 Spreading over 
the great Eurasiatic plains. 1883 G. ALLEN Colin Clout’s 
Gard, xxiv, In the colder parts of the Eurasiatic continent. 

+ Eure, sd. Ols. Also 4-6 ure, 5 ewre. [a. 
OF. eure, heur, atir, Walloon aweure = Pr. agur, 
augur, augurt, Sp. agtiero, It. augurio:—L. 
augurium augury, omen; cf. F. doxkeur.] Destiny, 
fate, whether good or evil; luck. 

1375 Barsour Bruce 1, 312 Tak the vre that god wald 
send. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, As the goddes in this 
myne auenture Lyst to ordeyne for my fatall eure. c¢ 1440 
Generydes 2788 Bothe on thei rode to knowe what was ther 
vre. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 119 The moste 
and grettest ewre or happe of aman is to have a good 
felawe. ¢1525 SKELTON Col. Cloute 1003 He hath good 
ure Which can hymselfe assure How fortune wyll endure. 

+Eure, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vans. To des- 
tine ; to invest wz7th, as by the decree of fate. 

1428 Wil Flore (Somerset Ho.), If god eure him to dye. 
1440 Dx. Giouc. Manifesto, Patent Roll 18 Hen. VJ, pt. 
‘The worship that God so long hath eured him with. 1526 
Ske.ton Magzyf. 6 Men nowadayes be so unhappely ured 
‘That nothynge than welth may worse be endured. 

Eureka (yuer?‘k4), zvt. (sd.) [Gr. etpnxa, 1st 
pers. sing. perf. of ebpioxey to find. The correct 
spelling hewreka is rare.] 

1. The exclamation (‘I have found it’) uttered 
by Archimedes when he discovered the means of 
determining (by specific gravity) the proportion of 
base metal in Hiero’s golden crown. (See Vitru- 
vius Arch. Ix. iii, Plutarch Jor. (Didot) 1338.) 
Hence adluszvely, an exulting exclamation at having 
made a discovery. 

[1570 DEE Math. Pref, For this, may I (with ioy) say 
EYPHKA.] 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 590 [Archi- 
medes] crying out, Heuveca. 1658 tr. Porta’s Nat. Mag. 
XVIII. viii. 384 We have gone beyond Archimedes his Eureka. 
1742 Fietpinc ¥. Andrews u. xiii. (ed. 2) 267 Adams... re- 
turned overjoyed. .crying out ‘Eureka’ [ed.1 (1742) Evpnxa; 
ed. 3 (1743) Heureka.] 1818 Byron Ch. Har. wv. lxxxi, We 
clap Our hands, and cry ‘Eureka!’ 1862 Burton Bs. 
Hunter 1.34 A triumphant cry of Eureka! calls me to his 
place of rest. 1877 Farrar My Youth viii. 73 That great 
Eureka,—‘ We have found the Messiah’. 

2. A discovery justifying self-congratulation. 
Often used attvib. by advertising tradesmen in the 
names given to special articles of manufacture. 

1853 Advt. in Athenxzum 29 Jan. 151 Eureka shirts. 
1854 Bapuam /faliext. 233 A recent addition to the long 
list of modern Mediterranean eurekas. 

Eurhythm (yzrip’m). [ad. Gr. (70) evpvOpor, 
neut. of evpyvOpuos: see below.] = EurRHYTHMY 1. 

1831 Fraser's Mag. 1V. 279 They pretend to feast our 
eyes with symmetry, proportion, eurythm [sic], harmony. 

Eurhythmic (yzri-pmik), @. [f. next +-10.] 
Of or pertaining to well-arranged proportion, esf. 
in architecture. 

1831 Hraser’s Mag. 1V. 287 Each [design]. .is exceedingly 
funny in its way.. with regard to ‘tactic efficiency’, ‘ eu- 
rythmic [sc] diathesis’..and every other imaginable kind of 
diathesis. 1855 Lewes Goethe (1864) 177 Owing to some 
eurhythmic tendency in the construction of Greek plays. 

Eurhythmy (yzri‘pmi). Forms: 7 euryth- 
mie, 8-9 eurithmy, -ythmy. Also 8-g in L. 
form eurythmia. [ad. L. eur(h)ythmia (Vitruv.) 
proportion, a. Gr. edpuOuia, f. evpv8yos well-pro- 
portioned (f. ed- (see Eu-) + fv@uds proportion, 
RuyremM); cf. Fr. eurhythmie.] 

1. Archit. Harmony in the proportions of a 
building. 

1624 Wotton Archit. 118 Eurythmia is that agreeable 
Harmony, betweene the breadth, length and height of all 
the Roomes of the Fabrique..which suddenly. .taketh euery 
Beholder. 1721-1800 in Bamey. 1847 Leitcn tr. idler’s 
Anc. Art § 118 As well as the law of symmetry and 
eurhythmy. 1876 Gwitt Archit. Gloss. s. v. 

2. Path. Regularity of the pulse. 

1721-1800 BatLey, Eurithmy, an excellent Disposition 
of the Pulse. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Eurythmia, regularity 
in beat of the pulse. ; : 

8. In wider senses of Gr. edpu@pia: a. Rhythm- 
ical order or movement; b. a graceful propor- 
tion and carriage of the body. 

1706 in Puttiirs. 1721-1800 in Bartey. 1844 Beck & 
Fexton tr. Munk's Metres x The artistic figure, as well as the 
artistic rhythm, must be beautiful. In this case we say the 
artistic figure has symmetry, and the artistic rhythm has 
eurhythmy. i - 

+ Buripe. Os. [a. F. euripe, ad. L. euripus, 
a. Gr. evpimos : see Eurrpus.] = Euripus. 

1600 Hotianp Livy xuum. xi. 1177 On the other side 
there is an Euripe or arm of the sea. 1621 Burton Anat. 
Mel. .iv.1.i, A sea full of shelves and rocks, sands, gulfes, 
Euripes and contrary tides. _@1649 Drumm. or HaAwTH. 
Cypress Grove Wks. 119 What Euripe. .doth change so often 
as man? 1656-81 BLount Glossogr., Euripe, any strait, fret 
or Channel of the Sea, running between two ry 

—3 


EURIPIZE. 


Jig. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vu. xiii. 366 Nor 
can he [a man] ever perish but in the Euripe of Ignorance, 

+ Eu'ri , v. Obs. vare—', [ad. Gr. (&-) 
evpinifew (Arist. Probl. § 25) ; if not a misreading, 
it is f. Evpimos (see next), with sense ‘to change 
like the tides of the —- *.] intr. (See quot.) 


1646 Sir T. Browne Ps. vil. xiii, 366 Aristotle.. 
seemes to borrow a Metaphor Euripus; while .. he 
enquireth, why in the upper of houses the a doth 
Euripize, that is, is whirled hither and thither. [Hence in 


Blount Glossogr., and in later Dicts.] 

Euripus (ywrsipés). Pi. euripi. [L., a. Gr. 
evpin-os, f. ed- (see Eu-) + fem rush.] 

1. In ancient Geography, the proper name of 
the channel between Euboea (Negropont) and the 
mainland, celebrated for the violence and uncer- 
tainty of its currents. Hence gew. a strait or sea- 
channel, esf. one having these characteristics. 

x6or Hottanp Pliny I. 82 From thence [Hellespontus] 
there is extended a small Euripus or arme of the sea for 86 
miles. 1630 R. Foknson's Kingd. & Commw. 643 That 
Euripus.. by reason of his..violent course is never frozen. 
The other Patou on the backside of Groneland heth three 
inlets..Betweene these two raging Euripi lyeth an Iand.. 
the habitation..of the Pigmies. 1751 CuamBers Cyci., Ex- 
rvipus has since become a general name for all streights where 
the water is in great motion or agitation. 

Jig. 21797 Burke (T.), The provision of this establishment 
J oaid not fluctuate with the Euripus of funds and ac- 
tions. 1884 Pall Mall G. 16 Feb. 2/1 Although all nations 
are nowadays more or less unquiet, Paris seems to lie in a 
very Euripus of change. 

2. transf. 

1766 Smotietr Trav. II, xxxii. 131 (Jod.) The euripus, or 
canal, made by order of Julius Czsar to contain crocodiles 
and other aquatick animals which were killed occasionally. 
1849-50 WEALE Dict. Terms, Euripus, any artificial canal 
or water-course, ‘ : ; 

Eurite (yiirsit). A. [a. Fr. eurite, f. Gr. 
evpuros (recorded in sense ‘ flowing plentifully’), 
f. eb well + féew to flow. 

D’Aubuisson, who gave the name in 1819, states (Géognosie 
II. 119) that he meant it to denote ‘the principal character- 
istic of the rock, viz. its melting when exposed to fire’. _ 

‘ A variety of syenite occurring near Christiania, 
of a blue colour and stratified’. (Watts.) 

1847 Craic, Exrite, White-stone, the Weiss-stein of Wer- 
ner. Avvariety of granite, in which felspar predominates. 
1852 Tx. Ross tr. Humboldt’s Trav. 1. xv. 490 note, Talk- 
schiefer of Werner, yitbout pareees or serpentine; not eurite 
or weisstein. 1879 Ruttey Study Rocks xii. 214 The eurites 
Propet are more easily fusible than the felstones. 

Hence Euri‘tic (yueritik), a., pertaining to or 
consisting of eurite. 

1 Darwin Geol. Observ. . xix. (1876) 470 Near the 
Pacific, the mountain-ranges are generally formed of syen- 
ite or granite, or an allied euritic porphyry. 1879 RuTLey 
Study Rocks x. 152 A globular condition of silica .. occur- 
ring in the euritic porphyries of Les Settons. 

uro-aquilo: see EURAQUILO. 

+ Euro-boreal, az. Ods. [f. late L. Euro-, a. 
Gr. Edpo- combining form of Efpos (see Eurus) + 
BorEAt.] North-easterly. 

1664 Evetyn Sylva (1776) 285 In Cheshire .. Cumberland 
and Anglesey and several of our Euro-boreal tracts. 

Euroclydon (yuerp'klidgn). [a. Gr. edpoxrvdav 
(if genuine, only in Acts xxvii. 14, where the better 
attested reading is evpaxvAov; see EuRAQUILO), 
f. edpos east wind + xAvbev wave, billow.] A 
stormy wind mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles: 
see EuraquiLo. Hence occas. with allusion to this, 
a ‘tempestuous wind’ in general. Also ig. 

1611 Biste Acts xxvii. 14 There arose against it a tem- 
pestuous winde called Euroclydon, WATERHOUSE 
Five Lond. 3 Men are so variously acted in this Euroclydon 
of Providence. 1676 I. Matuer Hist. Wars (1862) 162 It 
-.continued a cold Euroclidon, or, North-East storm all 
that day and night. 1767 J. Bryant (¢it/e) Observations 
and Inquiries relating to various parts of Ancient History, 
containing Dissertations on the Wind Euroclydon. 18: 
Loncr. Midn, Mass for Dying Year,  storm-win 
from Labrador, The wind -pphig? doce 1870 Lowgii Study 
Wind., Good Word for Winter, Euroclydon..bellows down 
the chimney. 

Europ#o-, -e0- (yiieropz‘o-), combining form 
of L. Zurdpeus European in Europe‘o-Ame‘rican 
a., pertaining jointly to Europe and America. 
Europe'o-Asia'tic a. (see quot.), Europe'o- 
Sibe'rian a., comprising most of Siberia and a 
large part of Europe. 

1841 Stertinc Kussia 153 The idea of an Asiatic balance 
of political power, as well as a Europeo-American one, 
etc. 1853 Gen. P. Tuomrson Audi Alt, (1858) I, xv. 52 
A Europeo-Asiatic power will probably at some time give 
the signal for a break-up. c 1860 G, Bentuam Notes on 
Composite 542 Under the name of Ew Asiaticor North 
temperate and Mountain region. x ENNETT tr. Thomeé’s 
Struct, Bot. (1878) 438 The Europao-Siberian Forest Regi 
jie 3 Griesbach’s 24 phytogeographical regions of the 
earth, 

European (yiieropz-in), a. and sd. Also 7 
Buropian, -wan. [ad. Fr. européen, f. L. eo 
f. Europa, a. Gr. Ebpwn pervig lt A. adj. 

1. Belonging to Europe, or its inhabitants. 

In India, European (not ‘English’ or ‘ British’) is the 
official designation applied to the t. sent from the 
United Kingdom, as distinguished from the native soldiers. 

1603 Knoiies Hist, Turks (1638) 152 At such time as he 


824 


1702 Rowe 7'ameri. 1. i, Polish’d Arts of Europzan Courts. 
162 Daa Wem: Gabee hee The Rirepeen Cink See eoeey 
Caves of Bears. 1878 Mortey Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 
198 Spain was finally thrust from among the efficient ele- 
ments in the E) State-system. 
b. Taking place in, or extending over, Europe. 
1665 Maney Grotius’ Low C. Warres 675 Their An- 
cestors .. were not content with European Victories. 
Locxuart Scott (1839) IX. 359 The popularity of Sir 
Walter Scott, European and more than European as it 
was, Mod. A scholar of European celebrity. 
a eae nd World They had fi 
1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 63 ive 
or six European-built shi 
B. sé. A native of Europe. 
1632 Massincer City Madam u1. iii, You are learned Eu- 
ropeans, and we worse Than i; Americans. G. 


Europeanism (yiropzaniz’m). [f. prec. + 
-IsM.] a. Tendency to adopt what is European ; 
e.g. European ideas, manner of living, systems of 
government, etc. b. Anything peculiar to or 
characteristic of Europe or Europeans. ¢. The 
modes of living, thought, etc. current in Europe. 

1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 67 Orientals drawn by an 
European are always likely to have an unnatural tinge of 
Europeanism, in their modes of thought and action, 1864 
Sara in Daily Tel. 13 Oct., To eat alone and @ la 
carte is known as living on ‘the European system’, and 
you are mulcted for your Europeanism accordingly. 1865 
Cornh. Mag. Oct. 512 The Maories are suffering now from 
a surfeit of Europeanism. 1887 Pall Mall G. 23 July 3/1 
For a European to write of modern Hinduism is much as 
though a native of India were to write of modern European- 
ism or modern Christianity. uv 

Europea‘nity. rare. [f. as prec. +-1Ty.] The 
quality or fact of being European. 

1805 W. TayLor in Monthly Mag. XIX. 657 Madoc 
would soon have surpassed in Europeanity of reputation 
the pretended works of Ossian. Bat 

Europeanization (yiierop?:anjaizz-fon). [f. 
next +-ATION.] The process of Peopeenn. 

1882 E. Dicey in 19th Cent. Aug. 169 The ual Euro- 


peanisation of Egypt. 1886 Academy 11 Dec. 401 The 
process of Europeanisation in Japan. | 
Europeanize (yilerop7‘anaiz), v. [f. Evro- 


PEAN a. + -IZE.] trans. To make European in 
appearance, form, habit, or mode of life. 

1857 Sat. Rev. IV. 459/2 To suppose that India can be 
Europeanized through the pressure exerted by a mass of 
settlers. 1870 J. MacGrecor Rod Roy on Fordan viii. 
121 This is the only piece of real carriage-way in all Syria, 
and its presence.. at once Europeanises the scene. 1880 
K. Jounston Lond. Geog. 82 In Japan ‘ everything is being 
sary Pwcrwanin’ G ; i 

b. To make coextensive with Europe. 

1857 T. E. Wess /ntellect. Locke i. 8 The reaction thus 

originated in Germany was. .Europeanized by France. 
ence Europe‘anized #//. a. Europe‘anizing 
vbl. sb.; also attrib. 

1849 Curzon Visits Monast. 72 The natty vessels which 
were more Europeanised and quicker than mine. 1874 
Sayce Compar. Philol. iv. 140 The most Europeanised 
the Turanian tongues, 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. 11. 
v1. cxiii. 626 In the Eastern cities the upper class is more 
Europeanized in its code of etiquette. 1887 Athenaum 
14 May 634/3 Ismail Pasha’s Europeanizing policy, 

urose, var. f. Ewrose, Ods., rose-water, 

+ Ew'rous, 2. Os. Also 5 eureux, ewrous, 
6 eurouse. fa. AF, edirous, OF. etireux (mod.F. 
heureux), f. eur: see Eure sd.] Lucky, pros- 
perous, successful, 

€ 1430 Lypc. Thebes 1267 Tidyus Eurous in Armes, and 
manly in workyng. 1473 Epw. IV. Proclam. 10 Nov., 
Patent Roll 13 Edw. IV, pt.1, In this world to be there- 
fore the more eureux and fortunate. 1474 Caxton Chesse 
ut. iii. Fivb, As long as a man is ewrous and fortunat 
he hath many frendes. ¢1g10 Barciay Mirr. Good Mann. 
(1570) Aiv, More eurouse or happy... Then if the whole 
world by him were subiugate, 

|| Burus (yiierds). Obs. [L. Zurus, a. Gr. Edpos 
the east wind (more correctly ESE.).] The east- 
wind, ESE. or SE.; the god of the east-wind. 
Now only A/ythol. or in poet. nification. 

cxgas Z. £. Aliit. P.C. 133 Eurus & Aquiloun.. Blowes 
bobe at my bode vpon blo watteres, 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
De P.R. Xt. iii. (1495) 386 Eurus that is the South este 
wynde, Peacuam Graphice (J.), Eurus .. must be 
drawn with blown cheeks, wings upon his shoulders, and 
his body the colour of the tawnymoon, 1667 Mitton ?. L. 
x ret orth rush the Levant and the Ponent Winds, Eurus 
an phir, *727 Pores, etc. Art of Sinking 120 Recipe 
for atempest. Take eurus, zephyr, auster po | boreas, and 
cast them together in one verse, 2775 in AsH. 1828 in 
Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 

ep) (ytio:ri,s/fee'lik), a. Ethnol. [f. 

Gr, ebpt-s wide +xepad-7 head+-10,.] Zit. Broad- 
headed; applied to a subdivision of the brachy- 
cephalic or short broad-skulled races of mankind. 

alvide the Beachyeophall into Ruryespisll, ethene cephalic 
ivide the ycephali into Eurycephali, with the ic 

index 4040 43, 0nd Br chistocephali, with the cephalic index 


EUSTACHIAN. 


8 . i 

7 5 gui shore] iit Raxrucy tr. Topinard’s Anthrop. v. 
eri'séras), a. [ad. Gr. edp- 

xep-ws, f, edpt-s broad + xép-as horn + -ous.] Hav- 

ing broad horns. 


B36 in Smart ; and in mod. Dicts. 
uryetie (E Gr, ebpts broad ane 


jaw. 


[f. Fr. 
jaw) + 


feather, wing.] 

One of a group of fossil Crustacea, abundant in 
the Silurian and Devonian periods, some of which 
ettaines Sears The age! pai cat gar 

swimming appendages, the hindmost of a 
series attached to 4. 
x HARTWIG age eg + ii. 12 eens wee 


Man iv. 71 Eurypterids. .with 
bodies, and great eyes in the front of the head. 
Eurystomatous (yiiri)stg'matas), a. [f. Gr. 
etpt-s broad + orépa, oréyat-os mouth + -ous.] 
Wide-mouthed. Chiefly of serpents: Having a 
distensible mouth, 
~ Beit Gegendbauer’s Comp. Anat. 463 The two halves 
of the bly d tog 


jaw are in the eurysto- 
matous Ophidii. 
Eurythm, etc. : see EvRHYTHM, etc. 


Eusebian (ywus7‘bian), a. and sd. [ad. L. Zuse- 
bian-us, f. Eusebi-us.] . adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to Eusebius. a, A distinctive 
epithet applied in the 4th c. to the Arians, from 
their leader Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia. 

(Mod. writers have often regarded it as referring to his 
contem Eusebius of whose theology was 
parva cae yf than Arian, and who formed no party.) 

1882-3 Scuarr Relig. Encycl. 1. 161/2 Gregorius, a 
bishop of the Eusebian party. 

b. Pertaining to Eusebius of Czsarea, or the 
historical works written by him. Zusebian Canons : 
an arrangement of the contents of the four Gospels 
into ten classes of passages, according as. the 
passages occur in Matthew, Mark, Luke, or on 
alone, or in any one of the nine possible i 
tions of two or three out of the four. Numerals 
referring to these canons are often found in MSS. 
of the Greek N, T, and of the early versions. 

1860 Ancus Bible Handbk. 23 To these lemons | 
sections Eusebius .. adapted his tables of references, 
from him the Eusebian Canons. 1870 Br, Cur. WorpsworTH 
NV. Test. 1. xxv, The Eusebian Canons of the Four Gospels. 

2. Eusebian pear: (the original has chrestien: 
see Bon-christian under Bon.) 

@ 1693 Urqunart Radelais ut. xiii, You shall eat good 
Eusebian and Bergamot-Pears, 

B. sb. A member of the Eusebian sect. 

1730-6 Baivey (folio), Zusedians, a sect of Arians, socalled 
on account of the favour them by Eusebius, bishop 
of Cxsarea, 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 95/1 s.v. Eusebius, 
The party to which he [Eusebius of Cxsarea] attached him- 
self were called Eusebians, from their leader Eusebius of 
Nicomedia. E 

Hence Euse'bianize v. i#¢r., to incline to Euse- 
bian views. Buse-bianizing f//. a. 

1888 T. W. Atiies Holy See p. vi, The great letter of St, 
Julius to the Eusebianising bi at Antioch in 342. 
(yiekeerridn), a. and sd, [f Basque 
Euskara, Eskuara, Uskara, the Basque language.] 
Basque; used Qe some ethnologists to designate 
that pre-Aryan element in the population of Europe, 
which they suppose to be typically represented 

the Basques, 
BAS I, Taytor Words & Places {:873) 113 The - 
haired, short-statured race which is found..in parts of 
Wales is undoubtedly of Ugrian or Euskarian, not of Celtic 
atl oy ee TS 
rs el \ fray ine ¢ present day m y 


y descent. 1882 Cornh, Mag, Dec. 733 


Portland of the earliest Celtic or Euskarian settlers. 1883 
G. ALLEN Colin Clout’s Gard. xxxix, The E jans are 
separated in our i from the Ang] and Danes 


by [a] long interval. 
Eustachian (yastékiin), a. Anat. [f. Zu- 


stachi-us name of a celebrated Italian anatomist 
(died 1574) +-AN.] Used as the distinctive epithet 
in the names of certain anatomical structures or 
or, which were discovered by Eustachius. 
+ Lustachian medulla; the medullary portion of 
the kidneys. ustachian tube (occas. £. canal): 
a canal leading from the upper part of the 

to the cavity of the tympanum, which it a) 

to supply with air; hence Zustachian C . 
an instrument for inflating the Eustachian tube 
with air. ustachian valve: a membranous fold 
at the orifice of the vena cava inferior, which in the 
fcetus directs the current of blood from this vessel 
to the foramen ovale and left auricle, 


EUSTOMACHIC. 


1741 Monro Anat. Nerves (ed. 3) 15 The Kidneys. .have 
a reticulated Cortex of Vessels, from which the Eustachian 
or Bellinian Medulla, consisting of longitudinal Fibres and 
a few longitudinal Blood Vessels, proceeds. Jéid. 114 Part 
of the Eustachian Tube. 1755 WatTHEN Hearing in Phil. 
Trans. XLIX. 215, I took that opportunity to examine the 
eustachian tubeof each ear. 1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 
636 The. .Eustachian Valve. 2 ok T. Hoimes Syst. Surg. 
(ed. 2) III. 289 Recourse must be had to the Eustachian 
catheter. 1872 Huxtey P/ys. viii. 213 The function of the 
Eustachian tube is probably to keep the air in the tympanum 
.. of about the same tension as that on the outer side. 

+ Eustomarchic, z. Ods. rare—'. [f. Gr. ed- 
orépax-os good for the stomach (f. ev- Ev-+ 
erépaxos stomach) +-Ic.] Good for the stomach. 

1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 242 Diphilus saith they 
are eustomachick, but preferreth the rosted before those 
that are boiled. : 

+ Eustomarchical, «. Os. rare—'. [f. as 
prec. +-AL.] = prec. 

1657 Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 208 Gentle Purgatives and 
eustomachical Medicaments. .are assumed, 

Eusto'machous, a. rave. [f. as prec. + -ous.] 
‘Having a good digestion; easy of digestion’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Hustrydge, obs. form of OstTRICH. 

Eustyle (yistoil), a. and sd. Archit. [ad. L. 
eust7l-os, a. Gr. ebarbAos with pillars at the best dis- 
tances, f. ed- (see Ev-) + orddos pillar: cf. F. eustyle.] 

A. adj, Of a building, colonnade, etc.: Having 
the space between each successive pair of columns 
equal to two diameters of a column and a quarter 
or half diameter. B. sé. The distance itself. 

(1563 Suute Archit. Fj a, Eustylos..the distaunce betwen 
the . 2. pillers to be. 2. Diameters & a quarter .. but at 
the furdest .2. Diameters and a halfe or. 3.] 1696 Puit- 
tips, Eustyle, the order where Pillars are rightly placed ; 
the Intercolumniations being two Diameters and a Quarter. 
1778 R. CHAnpier Trav. Asia M. (1825) I. 152 The Tem- 
ple was iz antis, or of the eustyle species. 1832 Get Powm- 
peiana I. v. 80 The distance of two diameters and a half 
called the eustyle. 1876 Gwitt Archit. 839 The diastyle 
and eustyle intercolumniations are very convenient in use. 

Eutaxite (yuteksoit). Geol. [f. Gr. ed- (see 
Ev-) + rdagis arrangement + -ITE. 

The name was given by Fritsch and Reiss, Geol. Beschrei- 
bung Tenerife (1868) 414.] 

A rock consisting of layers of different kinds of 
lava lying regularly one above the other. 

1879 Rutiey Study Rocks xii. 233 The eutaxites of the 
Canary Islands. .are agglomeratic and banded lavas. 

Hence Eutaxi‘tic @., of the nature of eutaxite. 

1884 G. H. WituaMs in Amer. Frnl. Sc. Ser... XXVIII. 
261 The structure termed by Fritsch and Reiss ‘ Eutaxitic’ 
.. observed in acid lavas like trachyte and phonolite. ‘ 

+ Eutaxy. Oés. [a. F. eutaxie, ad. Gr. ebragia 

EA = 
good arrangement, f. e¥raxros well-arranged, f. €b 
well + radccev to arrange.] Good or established 
order or arrangement. 

1614 T. Apams Devil's Banquet 51 Let not Gods eutaxie, 
Order, by our friuolous scruples be brought to ataxie, Con- 
fusion. 1649 NEEDHAM Case of Commw. 18 Those two can 
never be secured, nor any politicall eutaxie, good Order, or 
Tranquillity maintained. 1675 R. BurtHocce Causa Det 

1x The Eutaxie and Goodly order of the World. 2677 

ALE Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 159 Plato makes Justice to 
the evragfia, Eutaxie of moderate empire. 

Eutectic (yutektik), a. & sb. [ad. Gr. edrneros 
easily melting (f. ed- Eu- + 77«-ew to melt) +-10.] 

A. adj. Characterized by eutexia; of a nature 
to melt easily, B. sé. A eutectic substance. 

1885 A thenzum 28 Mar. 412/3 The temperature of lique- 
faction of a eutectic substance is lower than the tempera- 
ture of either, or any, of the metallic constituents of an 
alloy. x Asclepiad Oct. App. 3 Eutexia.. applies to 
compound bodies in chemistry ‘ whose chief characteristic 
is the lowness of their temperature of fusion.’ They are 
henceforth to be called eutectics. 

|| Euterpe (yz:td-1pz). [mod.L., a. Gr. Ebrépmn 
the name of one of the Muses (goddess of music), 
f. eb well +7épr-ew to please.] 

1. Bot. A genus of palms of extremely graceful 
habit, sometimes nearly a hundred feet in height. 
(Treas. Bot. 1866.) 

2. Astron. The 27th asteroid. 

1867 Larpner & Dunkin Handbk. Astron. xv. (ed. 3) 224 
‘The planet Euterpe was found on the evening of the 8th of 
November 1853, by Mr. Hind. 

Euterpean (yut pian), a. [f. L. Luterpé, a. 
Gr, Evrépmn (see prec.) +-AN.] Pertaining to the 
muse Euterpe, or to music, 

Mod. A performance that would have been barely credit- 
able to the ‘ Euterpean’ or ‘ Philharmonic’ Society of a 
country town, . - 

Eutexia (yuteksid). [a. Gr. edrnfia, f. «d- 
(see Eu-) +7 to melt.] The quality of melting 
easily, z.e. at a low temperature. 

1884 [see Eutectic]. 1885 Atheneum 28 Mar. 412/3 The 
phenomena of eutexia. .as it has been named by Dr. Guthrie, 

Euthanasia (ypanéi-zia, -sia). [a. Gr. ed0a- 
vagia, f. eb- (see Ev-) + @avar-os death.] 

1. A gentle and easy death. 

1646 Br. Hatt Balm Gil. 337 But let me prescribe and 
commend to thee, my sonne, this true ape meanes of 
thine happy Euthanasia. 1709 Tatler No. 44 ® 3 Give me 
but gentle Death: Euthanasia, Euthanasia, that is all I 


825 


implore, 1 Burke Corr, (1844) I. 155 At her age, no 
friend could have hoped for your mother any thing but the 
Euthanasia. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. II. v. v, Not a tor- 
ture death, but a quiet euthanasia. 1875 H. C. Woop. 

Therap. (1879) 239 It has been very lenge y employed to 
induce euthanasia in advanced stages of phthisis. 

Jig. 1813 T. Jerrerson Wit. (1830) IV. 224 We must leave 
..to others..to prepare this euthanasia for Platonic Christi- 
anity. 1844 Disrartt Coningsby vu. iii, This euthanasia of 
the day exercises a strange influence on the hearts of those 
who love. : 

2. The means of bringing about a gentle and 
easy death. Also ¢vansf. and jig: 

1742 Hume Essays (1875) I. 120 Death is unavoidable to 
the political as well as to the animal body. Absolute monar- 
chy ..is the easiest death, the true Euthanasia of the 
British constitution, 1792 A. Younc 7yvav. France (1794) 
I. u. xi. 414 If they [great cities] conduct easily to the 
grave, they become the best euthanasia of too much popu- 
lousness. 1797 Hist. Europe in Aun. Reg. 257/t Sir Francis 
Burdett..said, that without a reform of Parliament corrup- 
tion would become the euthanasia of the constitution. 1829 
Gen. P, THomrson Exerc. (1842) I. 12 The true Eutha- 
nasia of religious dissension .. is in the Thousand-and-One 
sects, whereof none shall be before or greater than another. 
1862 MerivaLe Rom. Emp. (1865) ILI. xxviii. 335 The true 
euthanasia she discovered, it is said, in the bite of the asp. 

3. In recent use: The action of inducing a gentle 
and easy death. 

Used esf. with reference to a proposal that the law should 
sanction the putting painlessly to death of those suffering 
from incurable and extremely painful diseases. 

1869 Lecxy Europ. Morais I. xi. 233 An euthanasia, an 
abridgment of the pangs of disease. 1873 L. A. ToLte- 
MACHE in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 218 All persons who feel a lively 
interest in the mitigation of human suffering, should re- 
joice that the very interesting essay on Euthanasia .. has 

en published in a separate form, 1873 — in Sfectator 
22 Feb. 240 Euthanasia would be..no more demoralising 
than capital punishment. 


Hence (vare or zonce-wds.) Euthana‘sian a., of | 
( , 


or pertaining to euthanasia. Euthana‘siast, one 
who advocates euthanasia. (See EUTHANASIA 3.) 

1873 Contemp. Rev. XXI. 706 Mankind at different 
stages of culture differ utterly as to the morality of suicide 
and ‘euthanasian’ homicide. 1884 L. A. ToLLEMAcHE 
Stones of Stumbling 5 The Euthanasiasts must be admitted 
to have gained the day. i : 

Euthanasy (yzpe'nasi). Now rare. [Angli- 
cized form of EurHanasta. Cf. Fr. euthanasie.] 
= EUTHANASIA I; also fig. 

1633 Eart Mancu. AZ Mondo (1636) 164 Augustus Caesar 
..So often as he heard of a man that had a quicke passage, 
with little sense of paine, he wished for himselfe that Eutha- 
nasie. @1637 B. Jonson Underwoods, Eupheme ix, Dare 
I profane so irreligious be, To greet or grieue her soft eu- 
thanasy. 1736 in Batey (folio. 1775 in Asn. 1821 Dr 
Quincey Confess. (1862) 240 The practice. .tends toa natural 
euthanasy. 1862 Syp, Dosett Love, The swift euthanasy 
of her last change. ; 

Eutha-natize, v. xonce-wa. trans. To subject 
to ‘euthanasia’. 

1873 Spectator 22 Feb. 241/1, 1 sawa crab euthanatising a 
sickly fish, doubtless from the highest motives. 

Euthutro'pic (y#piztry pik), a. Sedsmology. 
[f. Gr. ed0¥-s straight + rpdmo-s direction + -10.] 

1881 J. Mitnes in Nature No. 632. 126 In other shocks 
normal or direct vibrations are the most prominent. These 
shocks might be called euthutropic. 

4 Euthymy. Obs. Also 7 euthymie. [a. Gr. 
evOvpia, f, ev- (see Eu-) + @iués mind, mood.] 
Cheerfulness, tranquillity. 

7623 Cockeram, Exthymie, Hearts-ease, quietnesse. 1671 
H. M. tr. Evasm. Collog. 221 Tranquillity, or, to speak in 
Greek ., euthymie, or quietness of mind. 1730-6 Baitry 
(folio), Euthymy. 1775 in Asn. 

rable (ywtou'pia). [f. Gr. eb- (see Ev-) + 
témos place. First used by Sir T. More or his 
friend Peter Giles (see quot. 1516), with a play on 
Uropia (f. Gr. od rémos, and hence=‘no place, 
land of nowhere’), the name of the imaginary coun- 
try described in More’s famous book with that title. 
Some later writers have misused the word for Utofza, 
imagining the latter to be an incorrect spelling; 
others have correctly used the two words in an an- 
tithesis.] A region of ideal happiness or good order. 

(1gx6 Sir T. More or P, Gites Hexastichon Anemolii 
Poete a er to Utopia, Vtopia priscis dicta ob 
infrequentiam, Nunc ciuitatis emula Platonice .. Eutopia 
merito sum vocanda nomine.] 1556 R. Rosinson tr. Hexa- 
stichon in More's Utopia (ed. 2) S vij a, Wherfore not 
Utopie, but rather rightely My name is Eutopie, a place of 
felicitie. 1595 Stoney Afo/. (1891) 19 Sir Thomas Moore’s 
Eutopia. 16x10 Tu. Tu[orre] Ded. Healey’s St. Augustine's 
City of God, Then [when Healey translated Hall’s Mundus 
Alteret Idem, he treated] of a deuised Country scarse on 
earth, now of a desired Citie sure in heauen; then of 
Vtopia, now of Eutopia. a1613 Oversury A Wife (1638) 
255 Certain edicts from a Parliament in Eutopia. 1638 
Featiey Strict. Lyndom.u. 23 No more. .than it will prove 
there is a Commonwealth in Tatonia. 

+ Eutra‘pelize, v. Obs. [f. Gr. edrpdmed-os 
(see next) +-1zE.] (See quots.) 

1656-81 Biounr Glossogr., Eutrapelize, to treat civilly, 
or use courteously, 1775 Asn, Lutrafelize, to behave 
courteously, to use civility. 

+ Eutrapely. 0ds. rare. [ad. Gr. ebrpamedia, 
f. evrpdmedos pleasant in conversation, f. eb well + 
Tpémeav to turn. 

The Gr. word is used by Aristotle for ‘pleasantness in 
conversation’ (one of the seven moral virtues enumerated 


EVACUATE. 


by him); in the N. T. (Zz. v. 4) for reprehensible levity 
of speech (A. V. ‘jesting’). The quots. below merely reflect 
these uses. ] 

1596 Advice Gen. Assemd. in $. Melvill’s Diary (1842) 
350 Aischrologie, eutrapelie, using vean and profane com- 
pany. 1678 Puitiirs, Eutrafely, courtesie, urbanity. 1775 
Asu, Eutrapely, courtesy. 

Eutrophic (yztrgfik), a. and sd. Path. [f. 
next +-10.] A. adj. Tending to promote nutrition. 
B. sd. A eutrophic medicine. 

1884 Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v., The chief eutrophics are mercu- 
rials, the preparations of iodine, bromine, etc. 

Eutrophy (yatrpfi). Path. [ad. Gr. edtpodia, 
f, eb well + rpepey to nourish.] Good nutrition. 

x72x in BaiLey ; 1847 in Craic; hence in mod. Dicts. 

utychian (yvtikian), a. and sb. Also 6 
Eutichian, 6-7 -ean. [ad. L. Lutychian-us, f. 
Lutych-es +-1an.] 

A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or adhering to the 
doctrine of Eutyches, a presbyter of Constantinople, 
in the 5th cent., who maintained that the human 
nature of Christ was lost in the divine. B. sb. 
A member of the Eutychian sect. 

1556 J. Clement in Strype ZccZ. Meme. 111. App. Ixi. 214 
From all Arians, Eutichians..and all other heretikes. 1579 
Futkxe Heskins’ Parl. 187 The Eutychian heresie .. de- 
nyed the trueth of Christes body after the adunation therof 
to the Diuinitie. 1635 Pacirr Christianogr. 1. ii . (1636) 176 
The Armenians are iudged by manie to be Eutichean here- 
tickes, 1724 WaTERLAND A thax. Creed vii. 103 It cannot 
reasonably be set lower than the Eutychian times, 1882-3 
Scuarr Lncycl. Relig. Knowl. 1.775 The measures which 
were employed against the Eutychians were rather harsh. 

Hence Euty‘chianism, the Eutychian heresy. 

1612 Brerewoop Lang. § Relig. xxi. 186 Eutychianisme 
so mightily prevailed in those parts. 1846 G. S. Faser 
Tractar, Secession 192The Eutychianism which Dr. Moehler 
would make the badge of. .the Protestant System. 

Euxenite (y@ksinoit). [f. Gr. evfev-os hos- 
pitable (f. ev- Eu- + ¢évos stranger) + -ITE. 

So named by Scheerer in 1840 (Pogg. Aun. L. 153) ‘on ac- 
count of the many rare constituents which it harbours J 

A mineral found in Norway, consisting mainly 
of niobate and titanate of yttrium. 

1844 Dana Jin. 436 Euxenite comes from Jilster in 
Norway. 1873 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 378 It [Thorium] 
has since been found in Euxenite. 

Euzeolite (y#zz‘dloit). [f. Eu- + ZeouirE.] 
(See quots.) 

1832 Sueparp J/iv. 178 Heulandite .. Euzeolite. 1868 
Dana J/in, 443 In 1817, Breithaupt separated the two zeo- 
lites .. and called the latter euzeolite. In 1822 Brooke.. 
named the other heulandite. ; 

(Evacate: a spurious word in Dicts; see 
Evocare.] 

Evacuant (‘ve'kiv/ant), a and sd. [f. L. éva- 
cuant-em, pr. pple. of évacudre: see EVACUATE.] 

A. adj. Med. That evacuates or tends to evacu- 
ate; promoting evacuation, cathartic, purgative. 

1800 Med. F¥rn/. 1V. 2x4 Evacuant and debilitating reme- 
dies. 1818 A, T. THomson Lond. Disf.u. 41 Their general 
operation is evacuant, either by the stomach, the bowels, or 
the skin. 188r tr. Zvousseau § Pidous' Treat. Therap. 
168 Evacuant treatment in general. _ 

B. sé. 1. Med. A medicine that promotes 
evacuation; as a purgative, emetic, diaphoretic. 

1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 1732 Hist. Litt. IV. 9 Those 
stupendous Effects which vegetable Concretes excite in the 

3ody, both as Evacuants and Alterants. 1753 Torriano 
Sore Throat 32 The Emetic repeated did not act as an 
Evacuant in the least. 1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 73 
Asarabacca is used by native practitioners in India as a 
powerful evacuant. 1876 BartHotow J/at. Med. (1879) 2 
To the class of evacuants belong emetics..and diuretics. _ 

2. In Organ-building, a valve to let out the air 
from the bellows. 

Evacuate (‘ve'kizcit), v. Also 6-7 evacuat. 
Pa, pple. 6-7 evacuat(e. [f. L. vacuat- ppl. stem 
of évacud-re (Pliny), f. 2 out + vaceus empty. Cf. 
Fr. Gvacuer. 

In class. L, évacudre is found only in Pliny, with the sense 
*toempty (the bowels)’. The Vulgate and later law-books 
have the fig. sense ‘to make void, nullify’, which is rather to 
be regarded as parallel with the older sense than as developed 
from it, being Based on the fig. sense of vacuzs ‘void, null, 
of no validity’. The sense represented in branch II, where 
the obj. is the contents instead of the vessel or receptacle, is 
a development similar to that in to empty, Fr. vider; it 
occurs in med.L. in medical use (evacuare humores, etc), and 
hence in Fr. évacuer.] 

I. To make empty. 

* To remove the contents of. 

1. trans. To empty, clear out the contents of 
(a vessel or receptacle). Chiefly in uses more or 
less technical : To empty (the stomach, bowels, or 
other bodily organ); to deplete (the body) by 
purging or vomiting (formerly also by bleeding, 
sudorifics, etc.) ; to exhaust (of air). 

1542 Boorpe Dyetary viii. 248 After you haue euacuated 
your body, and trussed your poyntes, kayme your heade oft. 
x160x HoLtanp Pliny xxx. 1x. 443 The broth of these fishes 
hath the name to evacuat both the bellie and the bladder. 
1 HammonD cg Convert 13 Physicians evacuate the 
Body, sometimes by Vomit, sometimes by Purge. a 1652 
Brome City Wit m. ii, I will prefer thee to. aA my Bed 
..and evacuate my Chamberpot. 1660 Bovte New Ex. 
Phys. Mech. To Rar, (1682) 5 Evacuate such Receivers till 
there be no air left in them, 1710 STEELE Zatler No. 99 


EVACUATE. 


hed all his Subj and d all his 
me HartLey Observ. gtd 215 The Con- 

Lacrymal Glands, they are eva- 
31875 Beprorp Sailor's Pocket Bk. viii. (ed. 2) 305 
In all cases of poisoning, the first step is to give the 44 
dote .. and then evacuate the stomach. 1883 Standard 31 
Jan. s/s It is ie eee 26 -to evacuate them by cutting pate 

throug black ooze 

b. piss, (In quot. + to let blood.) 
162 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. v. u, If the malady continue, 
it is not amiss to evacuate in a part in the fore-| 

ce. fig. in various senses. Const. of In recent 
use esp. To deprive (a term, concept, ete.) of its 
contents or value. Cf. 4. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. x. b paid 147 By. euacuating 
cleane, and emptyin, eying the church of er ae Dee rite and cere- 
mony. a1 ‘arp in Spurgeon 7reas. Dav. Ps. xiii. 
5 Hath it [fait not sovereign virtue in it, to. .evacuate the 
mind of all ill thoughts and Ls pr ar73% Nortu Lives 
I, 8, I hope toevacuate my mind of every matter and thing 
I know. concerning a lordship. 1825 CoLertipce Aids 
Ref. (1836) 150 They .. evacuate the term [spirit] of all its 

meaning. 1 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxxix. 
(1870) II. 384 Brown. .evacuates the phenomenon of all t 
desiderates ex lanation. 1862 Merivate Kom. Emp. (1865) 
Ill. xii. 15 ey sank into exhaustion, evacuated of all 
life and ener 1869 Happan Afost. Succ. i. (1879) 15 
To it paretty e sacraments of grace, and to regard them as 
pry acted prayers. 

refl. and intr. for ref. Of a body of water, 

ae : To empty, discharge itself. Also fig. Obs. 

1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 311 At the further 
end of, the lake, pd found that it evacuated itself into a 
large river. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy V. iii. 23 Such griefs 
evacuate themselves best by that particular channel. 1817 
Keatince 7rav. Il. 265 Where the canal evacuates is 
placed a net to catch what would pass off and be lost. 

+2. To clear (a place) of inmates, etc., (a country) 
of inhabitants, troops, wild beasts. Const. of. 

1607 TorpseLL "Fours. Beasts (1673) 136 That the whole 
countrey might be evacuated and quite cleared from wolves. 
1687 in Magd. Coll. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 81 To evacuate a 
whole College will be .. scandalous. 1704 Addr. Norfolk 
in Lond. Gax No. 4068/2 A Great Monarch .. evacuates 
whole Countries. 1708 /éid. No. 4462/2 Evacuating the 
Kingdom of all Foreign Troops. 1751 Jounson Rambler 
No. 171 P14 In France they annually evacuate their streets, 
and ship their prostitutes and vagabonds to their colonies. 
1753 SmoLtert Ct. Fathom (1784) 34/1 Her room was no 
sooner evacuated of such troublesome visitants, than [etc.]. 

3. Of an army: To relinquish the occupation of 
(a country, fortress, town, position). Said also 
of the general in command, or of the authority 
that orders the withdrawal. 

1710 STEELE Zatler No. 76 ? 5 The Army. .had began to 
repass the Mountains, een would shortly evacuate Savoy. 
@1745 Swirt (J.), The emperour .. never effectually eva- 
cuated Catalonia. 1792 Anecd. W. ‘Pitt IL. xxxix. 35 The 
French forces who had invaded and seized Turks Island 
must immediately evacuate the same. 1840 MAcauLay 
Clive 21 The garrison, in a panic, evacuated the fort. 1863 
KincLake Crimea I. xxv. 433 She [Austria] summoned the 
Emperor Nicholas to evacuate the Principalities. 1887 
Spectator 28 May 722/1 Egypt is to be evacuated within 
three years. 

absol, 1881 Ditton in Times 5 Jan. 10/1 As soon as the 
army evacuates he can go back to his own home. 

b. gen. To quit, withdraw from (a place or 
apartment). Also adsol, 

1809 W. Irvine Knickerd. (1861) 271 The burgomasters 
were not slow in ee the premises. 1830 GALT 
Lawrie T. vu. viii. (1849) 337 The other guests had evacu- 
ated the apartment. ae z Bronté Shirley xv. 226 Re- 
quest your friend Mr. Donne to evacuate. 1877 Farrar 
hg Youth xxx. 303, I will evacuate it whenever you 
ike. 

** To make void or worthless. 

+4. To make void, annul, deprive of tbs or 
validity. Chiefly in religious and legal p' 
ology. (The earliest recorded sense in ay s) “Obs. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 5 Ceremonyes..whiche 
all were euacuate and made voyde by the passyon of our 
sauyour Jesu Chryst. 1548 Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 32 
Thys is the marke at the whyche the Deuyll shooteth, to 
evacuate the crosse of Chryste. Davipson Answ. 
Kennedy in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 257 To have evacuat the 
Reasonis of = Buik. 1622 Bacon Hen. V//, 81 Which 
defect .. would not euacuate a M after Cohabitation 
and Actual Consummation. a 1626 Br. ANpRewes Serm. 
(1856) I. 83 We evacuate the gift .. if we vouchsafe not to 
accept of it. 1638 CHILLINGW. Relig. Prot. iv. § 45. 213 
Words, which evacuate your objection. 1709 Stryre Ann. 
Re. 1.ii. 62 Of which lands they had been as — in 
Queen Mary’s reign, and their patents from nue 
evacuated. 1785 Pacey Mor. Philos. (1818) I. 141 latitude, 
which might evacuate the force of almost all promises. 


II. To empty out (the contents of anything). 
+5. Of the action of a medicine, vomiting, etc, 
oe of a personal agent by means of medicine) : 
clear out, get rid of, remove (a disease or 


humour). Also fig. Ods. (oe 

1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe wu. vii, Vnctions with oyles and 
oyntementes. .do shortely euacuate the fulnesse. Hot- 
LAND Pliny xxv. v. 217 The white [Ellebore purgeth] by 
vomit upward, and doth evacuat the offensive humours 


which cause diseases. 1671 SALMON Syn. Med. u. xlvi. 314 
A Crisis is that which evacuates all the 

Matter. 1715 1. Petiver in PAil. Trans. XX1X. 230 The 
Seed of this Plant evacuates yellow Choler. a@1716 Sourn 
Serm. ix. 341 (T.) Fasting and h humiliation is a sovereign 
remedy to evacuate all spiritual d 2779 J 

L. P., Pope Wks. 1V. 85 Thomson declared ‘his [Pope's] 
distemper to be a P abies 4 and evacuated part of. 


the water | 


326 
by tincture of jalap. 1790 W. Bucnan Dom. Med. (ed. 
12 553 The principal intention. -is to evacuate the offend- 
"Eto To void, discharge (excrements, etc.) through 
“any Of Ea Sepa veers UF (J.); in mod. use 
Otay ores Fo mencens That . will 
Pen ‘OPSELL bey (1673 jonas 


of of filthy fates, 5 ay 1. 37 ae 
round hole near se Sra’) poy - out of which I 
have observed some salivous Matter to be evacuated. —_ 
ALEXANDER in Phil, Trans. LVI, 68, I started 

some efforts to vomit, but evacuated nothing. tio Mek Med. 
Frnt. IV. 386 About four pints of urine had been evacuated. 


1865 Barinc-Goutp Werewolves x. 173 He d such 


EVACUATIONIST. 


humours, purgation. wt Se Smoiiett Rod. Rand. xxxv. 
(1804) 229, I 3 sake this important evacuation [of 
chewed Gy Uitte sock peter” the dense 


WW Scan ene on renin 
a over 


floods of water that the mountain torrents were full. 
absol. 1634 J. Levert Ordering of Bees 

no Intraylls or other —_ Organs, w either to 

retaine or evacuat. 1666 G. Harvey Mord. vant (3672) 

104 A man that doth feed upon one dish at a 
thing near evacuate .. so quick or readily as one that dines 
upon two or more. 1705 Ottver in Phil. Trans. XXV. 
2178 But no body ever saw him Eat or Evacuate. 

b. In wider sense (partly ¢rans/. from the above): 
To discharge, throw off, vent. Also 

1622 Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 146 houses are 
made .. with a laver in the toppe to evacuate the smoake 
when they make fire. 1662 Gersier Princ. 20 The Lime 
having evacuated its putrefaction. 18:6 J. Scorr Vis. 
Paris (ed. 5) 19 When a Margate hoy evacuates her cargo, 
the crowd on the pier is usually considerable. 1841 Fraser's 
Mag. XXIII. 511 Judging from sentiments which he has 
evacuated in some of his public spoutifications. 

+ 7. To take out mechanically, leaving a vacuum 
or void; to pump out (water); to exhaust (air). 
Also fig. Obs. exc. in surgical use. 

1719 De For Crusoe nu. i, Any one would have thought 
that the native Propensity to rambling. .should be worn out, 
the volatile Part be fully evacuated. _ 1751 Smottetr Per. 
Pic. (1779) 1. xiii. 115 The contents of his skull must have 
been evacuated, 1767 Goocn Treat, Wounds 1. 295 As 
much of the brain was evacuated, as wou’'d fill a hen’s ees: 
shell. 1772 Hutton Bridges 82 The water will ooze up . 


haue 


| in too great abundance to be evacuated by the engines. 


1781 Cowper Lett. 5 Mar., As much of the mould as can be 
taken out without disturbing the roots must be evacuated 
and its place supplied with fresh. G. Apams Nat. $ 
Exp. Phitos. I. iv. 137 The ascent ys g oe quicksilver .. 

roportional to the quantity evacuated by each turn. on 
XM. Barture Mord. Anat. (1807) 112 If. .the pus be evacuated 
externally, there will be a scar in the neck. 1877 tr. Zienis- 
sen's Cycl. Med. X11. 704 The contents of abscesses have 
been evacuated in the following directions. 

b. intr. for refl. 

1643 R. O. Man's Mort. iii. 13 A Vessell .. so sollid every 
where, that the Aire could not possibly evacuate. 1 
Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 261 The Sap.. turns aside oe 
evacuates by this Aperture, F : F 

. To clear out, remove (inhabitants, inmates, 
or troops). oF Also intr. for refi. Cf. 2. 

a 1639 Wotton in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 220 Action had 
pretty well evacuated the idle people, which are the — 
of rapine. 1669 CuiLp Disc. 7 rade (ed. 4) 233 The 
that evacuate from us to Barbadoes. 1691 BEVERLEY sone 
Years Kingd. Christ 23 Nor can he cease to Reign, till 
They [his enemies] are so Evacuated. 1698 LupLow Afem. 
(1721) I. 179 The Garrison would be entirely evacuated 
before they could signify their Pleasure to the Army. 1 
Daily News 3 May 5/6 The wounded used to be stowed in 
it (the refreshment room at Meaux] till the time came con- 
veniently to evacuate them. 1 Ibid. 5 Mar. 5/7 He 
was evacuating the garrison and felt inhabitants of 
that place [Tokar]. 

Evacuated (/verkizeitéd), fhe. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1.] In the various senses of the vb. 

1684 R. Watter Nat. Exper. 63 He [Boyle] mentions 
a Larks living in the Evacuated Receiver ..about ten 
Minutes. 76a Canton in PAil. Trans. LI. ‘46x Within 
an evacuated glass ball. 1773 Horstey ibid. LXIV. 236 
Columns of water, sustained in evacuated tubes of sufficient 
length, 1822 J. Fut Lett. Amer, 236, I took this oppor- 
tunity of reconnoitring the evacuated field. 


Evacuating (/ve'kiz)e'tin), vd/. sb. [f. as prec. 
: -ING1.] In senses of the verb. Also attrtd. 
594 PLar — fewell-ho. 1. 27 The ee toe Sean the 

vale Oe ot earth. x6q2 J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Fusti, 
‘To the abolishing, evacuating, or utter vanishing awa y of 
sinne. 1660 Boye New Exp. Phys. =~ xxiv, 188 
the evacuating of the Laren 1753 Torrtano Sore Throat 
Pref. 15 For one Patient . this Tiree bed five 
will die by the evacuating Method. 8p w. 
Sk. Brit, Insects 18 The 


Evacuation (iverkiaA — fad. late L. eva- 
cuation-em, n. of action f. dvacua-re: see Eva- 
cuaTE.] The action of evacuating ; the condition 
of being evacuated. 

1. spec. a. Med. The action or process of de- 

arth (the body or any organ), or or of clearing out 
d matter, ‘humours’, etc.), by medicine or 
ier artificial means. rare in recent use. 

Before ae eae. century the word was most frequently 
used with reference to bleeding; for this we have a large 
number of quotations. 


¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. (MS. A.) 100 Ofte tymes he hab 
.to myche evacuacioun un of blood blood. 1533 Euvor Cast. Helthe 
bse Le To expel the  Sayd excrementes are ix sundry 


ege, letting of bloude, ‘etc. — Houanp Plutarch's Mor. 
iw oy ivacension, orc er ae 1621 Bur- 
TON Anat. Mel. i. v. 1. ae 398 Bleed on .. If the 
strength will not admit much evacuation - this kinde at 
once, it [bleeding] must be assayed again and meebo 
Biccs New Disp 136 One manner of evacuation 


ARTLEY Observ. Mant. iii. 399 The causes of it are .. vio- 


lent and long-continued Passions, Evacuations. 
1784 JoHNSON i-7 iy Mar. in The dropsy .. has 
now run almost totall: — by natural evacuation. 1851 J. 
ae Manual Mae. Med. 375 To alvine evacua. 


Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. 247 Under the 
ity, Ng: = and evacuation, were 


(according 1 Pathology] the three principal 


c. concr. Evacuated or excreted matter. 
1625 Hart Anat. Ur. u. viii. 100 Other wn ee 
vpwards and downwards, came. 1759 STERNE Tr. Si 
sad xxiii. 119 Others .. will draw a man’s 
merely from his evacuations, 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's 
Anim. Chem. 11. 384 Sometimes we find, in the deposit from 
these evacuations, small white or yellow masses. 


2. gen. The action of emptying (a receptacle), 
or of removing (the contents of an so as 
to produce a vacancy ; the depletion (ofa treasury, 
one’s resources, etc.). Sometimes with transf. 
notion of ra. Also fig. 

1598 Barcxtey Vedic. Max (1631) 400 They onl & 
a _— — common end, that is 
manner ol er proceedin; «- is—! 
Pacey a nasa gi y hath not’ been a Magy = 

itself in an’ wision made it 
attee poccrstacrtrand all Mi Remake ceremonies. by x Dyke 
Worthy Commun. Ep. to Rdr., The continuall effluences of 
vertue out of Him .. is not the least evacuation at all unto 
= 1697 Portex Antig. Greece u. xix. (T.), Their trea 


sury.. 
Nat. Hist. 1. 52 It > pretty evident that thet tgrottoe' 
evacuation has been owing to waters. 1806 Vince Hydro- 
stat. vii. 79 The evacuation made by so swift a current. 
1840 Macautay C/ive 30 Not content with these ways of 
getting rid of his money, [he] resorted to the most speedy 
and < ectual of all modes of evacuation, a contested election. 
1869 Puittirs Vesuy, iii, 48 After the extraordinary evacu- 
ation of the large crateral space. 1877 tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. 
Med, X11. Index s.z. 
+b. The quantity removed by ‘evacuation’. Oés. 
1794 G. Avams Nat. § Exg. Philos. \. iv. hae, 206 The 
evacuations [sc. of air] bode remainders do of them 
decrease in the same geo 


ich A Gee de out, ot depleting (of A SEIES 


“3. Mil +x Thadiader tt lace) of troops (ods.). 
b. The withdrawal ing a or commander) 
from occupation of a country, Fabeg mre 
ce. The removal (of a garrison, the population of 
+ pines, etc. ). 

710 Lond. Gas. No. 4666/1 The Deen -have insisted 


° gn the evacuation of the ieee 
bo pre Eon —— eras. the 

1796 Burke Corr. IV. 354 ic 
onan, Menara ase toa war Se 


npoes « forges cntiuanee rat te 
the evacuation Principalities. 
eon Ties 1.x xxxiv. ne ae dies tor Wha elena ot 


attrib. 1880 Pep Evacuation ‘i 
anniversary of the da’ a eae ~% British vor teny th 
ated the city of New ¥ ork, November 25) apt 

4. The action A sro void and of no effect ; 
cancelling, nullification. Cf, EVACUATE 2. 4. 

1650 Vind, Hammond's Addr. § 66 The suspension of the 
latter, farre from the 


or cancelling 
of the former. BeverLey hy Veors King Christ 
2x Putting Then ute = his F ie Ms Sout, by ee pore 


ae N r Powe isin 
se stearate i principles, and the evacuation 
Evacuationist. nonce-wa. [f. care! 

One who advocates the evacuation of ( 
territory). al 
sommes hey predic Ki rae eg: J s should not 


continue their controversy on the floor of 


EVACUATIVE. 


Evacuative (ivekizzctiv), a. and sd. [a. F. 
fvacuatif, -ive, £. Evacuer, ad. L. évacuare: see 
Evacuate and -IvE.] 

A. adj. That evacuates or empties (the bowels) ; 
cathartic, purgative, eva t. 

1611 Corer., Evacuatif, e tiue; purgative. 1828 in 
Wensstrr; and in mod. Dicts. 

B. sé, An evacuative medicine ; an evacuant. 

1656 RipcLey Pract. Physick 50 Palliative is made .. by 
evacuatives and alteratives. 

Evacuator (tvarkizelter). Also 7 -er. [f. 
EvacuatE +-or.] One who or that which evacu- 
ates (in the senses of the verb). 

16rr Cotcr., Vuideur, a voyder, emptier, euacuater. 
1660 Hammonp Ws. I. 175 (T.) Be not too busy .. in 
excusing the great evacuators of the Law. 1696 Epwarps 
Demunstr. Exist. & Provid, God 1. 99 The ears are the 
evacuators of the bilious excrement that flows thither. 1718 
Quincy Compi. Disp. 63 The whole Materia Medica is cer- 
tainly to be included under .. Alteratives, Evacuators, and 
Restoratives. 1828 in WesBsTER; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Eva‘cuatory, 2. and sd. Obs. rare. [f. prec. ; 
see -oRY.] = Evacuant A. and B. 

—_ Gentleman Instr. (1732) 309 (D.) An imposthume 
calls for a lance, and oppletion for unpalatable evacuatories, 
1789 W. Fatconer Ess. Health Pers. Agric. 84 Medicines 
of the evacuatory kind. 

+ Eva‘cue, v. Obs. [a. F. évacue-r : see Eva- 
CUATE v.] In senses of EVACUATE v. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. (MS. B.) 17 He moste kunne 
evacuen hym pat ys ful of euele humores. /éid. 94 First 
euacue be malancolient mater. 1541 R. CopLanp Guy- 
don's Quest. Chirurg., By the whiche incysyon the blode 
euacueth, 

+ Evareuity. Obs. rare—'. [f. E- pref3 + 
Vacurry.] A vacuity, vacancy. 

1655 Futver Ch. Hist. x1. (845) VI. 253 Fit it was there- 
fore so many evacuities should be filled up. 

Evadable (tvét'dab'l), a. In Dicts. also eva- 
dible. [f. next+-aBLE.] That may be evaded. 

1857 Dr Quincey ¥udas Iscar. Wks. VII. 31 A piece of 
artillery..not evadable by any counter artifice of his op- 
ponents. 

Evade (fvzid), v. Also Sc. 6 avaid, ev-, 
ewaid. [a. Fr. évader, ad. L. wadére, f. 2 out + 
vadére to go. Cf. Pr. evazir, Sp. evadir, It. eva- 
dere. (The trans. use does not occur in Lat, or 
mod.F., but is found in Fr. of the 15th c.)] 

1. intr. To get away, escape: const. from, out 
of. rare in mod. use. 

1513 Douctas /#neis u. viii, roz All that fled war, and 
evadit Throw the dirk nycht. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 
II. 661 ‘That he micht nocht avaid out of thair handis. 1560 
Rotranp Crt. Venus u. 184 Gif 3e wald fra this auenture 
ewaid. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII (J.), His wisdom, by often 
evading from perils, was turned rather into a dexterity to 
deliver himself from dangers, than, etc. 1647 Litty Chr. 
Astrol. \xvi. 403 He was brought to some trouble, but 
evaded. 1735 SomERVILLE Chase 1. 345 The serous particles 
evade Thro’ th’ open Pores. 1880 tees Wuitney Odd or 
Even v.33 The ‘three of em’, as they were always numeri- 
cally reproached when ..a fowl evaded. 

+b. Ina Lat. sense: To ‘turn out’ to be. Obs. 

2677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. 1v. 29 Doth it [the soul] not 
evade altogether happy, being freed from Error? : 

2. trans. To escape by contrivance or artifice 
from (attack, pursuit, adverse designs; an assail- 
ant, pursuer, or adversary) ; to avoid, save oneself 
from (a threatened evil or inconvenience); to 
elude (a blow), avoid encountering (an obstacle). 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 246 No vther wa tha micht 
evaid his feid. 1607 SHaxs. Cor. m1. iii. 2 If he euade vs 
there. 1632 Massincer City Madam wv. ii, You that..knew, 
in your accompts, To cheat my brother; if you can, evade me. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. xi. 48 Hee might evade 
the accomplishment of those afflictions he now but gradually 
endureth. 1670 Miton Hist. Eng. Wks. 1738 I1.16 Czxsar fore- 
seeing that the Britains..would easily evade his Foot. 1703 
Pore Thebais 680 The Nymph, her father’s anger to evade, 
Retires from Argos to the sylvan shade. 1 ie JoxHNson 
Orient. Voy, 218 Had we lain here..we should have evaded 
| Te part of the sickness. 1837 W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville 

II. 117 The Crows were not to be evaded. 1866 Gro. Ex1oT 
F. Holt xxxvii, He evaded calamity by choosing privation. 
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. v. 384 The ships evaded 
the obstacle. 1885 Manek Exam. 5 May 5/1 A thief could 
evade capture by slipping out of one parish into another, 

8. In various applied or extended uses. — 

a. To contrive to avoid (doing something); to 
* get out of’ performing (a duty), making (a pay- 
ment), etc. 

1722 Dre For Moll Flanders (1840) 133, 1 always found 
something or other to say to evade the thing. 1802 Med. 

7, VIII. 139 A design to evade the duties. 1832 Hr. 
ARTINEAU /yeland 111 The people have discovered a 
method of evading the payment. 1858 Froupe Hist. Eng. 
Ill. xiv. 265 Henry. .desired at first to evade a duty in 
which he had little interest at any time. 1867 Lapy Her- 
BERT Crad/e L. vii. 173 The sheykh evaded translating them. 
b. To avoid giving a direct answer to (a ques- 
tion, request, charge); to put off (a questioner) ; 
to avoid or shirk the discussion of (an argument, 
a subject). 

1604 Saks. Oth. 1. i. 13 He (as louing his owne pride, and 
purposes) Euades them. .with Epithites of warre. 1677 Dry- 
DEN State of Innoc. m. i, Our question thou evad’st. 177% 
Junius Lett. \xiii. 323 He evades the charge .. by.. _ 
contemptible quibbles. 1832 Hr. Martineau Ella - ar. 
vi. 70 He evaded all inquiries as to his plans. 1846 TRENCH 
Mirac. xxxi. (1862) 437 Difficulties ., such as we are bound 


a 


827 


to meet, and not to attempt to evade. ax 
ton Rew. & Punishm. viil. (1853) 389 We 


R. W. Hamit+ 
ave evaded no 


known argument and pre F 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
cara 285 That question the Estates of Scotland could not 
evade. 


c. To escape yielding to (an argument, claim, 
or obligation), admitting (a conclusion), acknow- 
ledging (a fact), by means of sophistry. 

1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 195 For fear our Arminians .. 
should euade its force, 1664 jee More Myst. nig. xii. 40 
Nor can the demonstrativeness of this reason be eluded or 
evaded. a@x699 SrTittincFL. (J.), My argument evidently 
overthrows all that he brings to evade the testimonies of 
the fathers. 1729 BuTLer Servi. Wks. 1874 II. 89 Every 
moral obligation whatever may be evaded. 1754 SHERLOCK 
Disc. (1759) 1. i. 14 Can this truth be evaded or denied? 
1844 Lp. BroucHam Brit. Const. xii. (1862) 172 Edward 
endeavoured. .to evade the force of the obligation. 

d. To defeat the intention of (a law, stipulation, 
etc.), esp. by specious compliance with its letter. 

1760 Gotpsm. Cit, W.lxxx, The same degree of cunning 
.-had taught the knave to evade the former statutes. 1815 
ELpuinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 285 Few decent Mussul- 
mauns openly infringe a prohibition which it is so easy to 
evade, 1868 J. H. BLunt Ref Ch. Eng. 1. 285 Processes. . 
adopted for the sake of evading the principle. 1884 Law 
Rep. 25 Chanc. Div. 720 The object of the arrangement .. 
was to evade the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act. 

4. absol. or intr. To practise evasion. 

1716 Soutn (J.), The ministers of God are not to evade 
or take refuge in any of these two forementioned ways. 
1818 Jas. Mutt Brit. India 11. v. iv. 429 They evaded, 
procrastinated, and withheld rather than refused compliance 
with his desire. 1825 Macautay Milton Ess, (1851) 1. 17 
He hesitates ; he evades. 

5. trans. Of things: To elude, baffle (efforts, 
vigilance, etc.). 

@17%6 Soutu (J.), A contingent event baffles man’s know- 
ledge, and evades his power. 1857 WHEWELL //ist. /nduct, 
Sc. Liv. i. 188 These assertions .. long evaded refutation. 
1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 76 Some offences evade defini- 
tion. 

6. nonce-use. To go out of. Opposed to zvade. 

1725 in Hearne Langtoft’s Chron. I. 442 Julius Casar 
having once and againe audaciously envaded, and as shame- 
fully evaded, Britaine. 

Hence Eva‘der, one who evades; in the senses 
of the verb. Eva-ding v/. si. and Zf/. a. Also 
attrib. Eva‘dingly adv., in an evading manner, 
evasively. 

1754 Epwarps Freed, Will w. i. 194 The Race is at an 
End, but the Evader is taken in his Flight. 1824-9 Lanpor 
Imag. Conv. (1846) Il. 218 Evader!.. glad am I that_you 
have spoken the word. 1883 Lp. Brasazon in 19th Cent. 
Nov. 802 Laws which can never be evaded without punish- 
ment swiftly falling on the head of the evader. 1669 in 
Magens /usurances (1755) II. 618 For the evading of all 
Collusion and Suspicion. .it is stipulated that, etc. 1817 
Byron Beffo xcvii, However, he got off by this evading. 
1657 J. SERGEANT Schism. Dispach't 256 To..leave an_evad- 
ing hole for the Dr. to say, afterwards, etc. 1646 Sir T. 
Browne Pseud. Ep. wv. xi. 206 The wary and evading 
assertor, 1858 CarLyLe Fredk. Gt. II. v. vii. 127 Wolf, with 
bows down to the ground, answered always evadingly. 

Evads: see I’vaps zt. 

Evagation (‘vagéi-fon). Also 5 evagacion, 
-cyon. [First introduced in the fig. sense 2; a. 
F. fvagation, L. 2vagation-em, n. of action f. éva- 
gari, f. € out + vagari to wander.] 

1. The action of wandering away, or departing 
from a specified locality, prescribed course, etc. ; 
rambling, roving ; an instance of the same. 

x69 Ray Creation (1714) 220 Long ridges .. of mountains 
serve to stop the Evagation of the Vapours. 1713 Deruam 
Phys.-Theol. (1727) 118 To Bridle the Evagation of the 
Sound. 1714 — Astro-Theol. vi. iii. (1769) 154 The pre- 
venting the evagation of the Planets. 1785 Lanpen ‘ot. 
Motion in Phil. Trans. LXXV. 328 That evagation is 
caused by the motive forces urging the body to turn about 
AB, AC, AD, conjunctly. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. xxii. 
(1819) 355 If the prevailing law had transgressed the limits 
above assigned, every evagation [of a planet] would have 
been fatal. . 

b. In speech or discussion: A digression. 

@ 1686 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 571 They have held their 
Synod with delays, stays and evagations. 1887 Blackw. 
Mag. Oct. 504 Leading us, even though by very tedious 
evagations, up to a noble climax. 

+2. Wandering of the mind, thoughts, spirit, 
etc. (Mentioned as one of the ‘branches’ of 
Accidia or Sloth, one of the seven mortal sins.) 

cx142g tr. 7. @ Kempis’ Consol. m1. xxvii, Restreyne all euel 
evagacions & all mizty temptacions. rg02 Ord. Crysten 
Men (W. de W. 1506) 11. vii. to2 Euagacyon of thought is 
to gyue & occupye himselfe with talkynge in folysshe and 
vayne langage. 1g03 Sheph. Kalender vii. (ed. Paris) 51 
Heyr..followys the branchys of sweyrnes, qwych ar ewyl- 
thoght, enwy of good. .ewagacyon [1§é8 Euagacyon], etc. 
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 94 b, ae of 
mynde. .is y® doughter of slouth. ~“ Schol, Disc. agst. 
Antichr. 1. iii. 161 That euagation of the soule .. is not ex 
Sragilitate. 1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles II. ut. 63 The soul is 
..moved..even unto an ecstasie or divine evagation. 

+8. a. A diversion. b. A departure from pro- 


priety, an extravagance. Ods. 

1638 Watton in Relig. Wotton, (1672) 579 You married 
men are deprived of these evagations. 1649 J. Hatt Motion 
to Parl. 8 Neither subject to these wilde evagations, nor 
savage rudenesses. 


E inable (ve'dzinab’l), a. [f. next + 
Bich, Capable of being evaginated or un- 
sheathed ; protrusible. E 


EVANESCENCE. 


Evaginate (ivedzine't), v. [f. L. 2vaginat- 
ppl. stem of évagind-re to unsheath, f. 2 out+ 
vagina sheath.] trans. +a. To unsheath. Ods,—° 
+b. To take grain out of the husk. Ods. ce. 
Phys. To turn (a tubular organ) inside out; to 
protrude by eversion of a tubular sheath. Hence 
Eva‘ginated ///. a. 

1656-81 Biounr Glossogr., Evaginate, to draw out of a 
sheath or scabberd. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. §& Min. 281 
The greater lead, and the lesser evaginate the corne. 1877 
Hoxrey Anat. Jnv. Anim. iv, 210 The caecum is next 
evaginated or turned inside out, and the embryo has the 
— of a phial, of which the evaginated caecum is the 
neck, 

Evagination (ive:dzinéi-fon). [ad. L. éva- 
gination-em, n. of action f. évagind-re; see prec.] 
a. The action or process of evaginating. b. concr. 
A result of this process. 

_ 1663-76 Buttoxar, Evagination, an unsheathing, a draw- 
ing out of the sheath. 1721-1800 Baitey, Evagination, 
an unsheathing, or drawing out of a Sheath or Scabbard. 
1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 125 Very slight pressure 
causes the thread to be swiftly protruded, apparently by a 
process of evagination. 1889 Athenwum 30 Nov. 748/2 
Evaginations of the walls of the oral groove. 
+Eva‘gue, v. Ods. In 6 Sc. evaig. [a. OF. 
evague-r, ad. L, évaga-rt to roam about, f. @ out 

+ vagart to wander.) zutr. To wander about. 

1533 BELLENDEN Livy u. (1822) 200 The Equis .. sufferit 
thair enemyis to evaig [L. vagar/]. 

Eval (7val),@. rare". [f. L. wv-wm age + -aL; 
cf, CoEVAL.] Of or pertaining to an age ; age-long. 

17991 Addr. to Abp. Canterd. 67 Avsy age, and aidvios, eval, 
improperly everlasting, do not convey the ideas of a proper 
eternity. 1818 in Topp; and in mod. Dicts. 

Evaluable (ivelivib’l), a. [f. next; cf. estz- 
mate, estimable.| ‘That can be evaluated. 

1880 Contemp. Rev. XX XVII. 480 Love, delight, adora- 
tion are only scientifically expressed as unknown forces and 
quantities not at present evaluable. 7 

Evaluate (iveelizeit), v. [f. Fr. évalu-er (see 
next sd.) +-ATE3,] trans. a. Math. To work out 
the ‘value’ of (a quantitative expression); to find 
a numerical expression for (any quantitative fact 
or relation), b. gex. To ‘reckon up’, ascertain 
the amount of; to express in terms of something 
already known. 

1842 W. Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 6) 61 An attempt to 
evaluate numerically the mechanical equivalent of the ther- 
mal unit. 1874 W. Wattace /egel's Logic 86 God .. must 
be known and evaluated in terms of thought. 1886 Baty 
Story of Heavens 527 No attempt can be made at present 
to evaluate the date of that epoch. 1890 Athenxum 29 
Mar. 407/3 The method of evaluating the absorption of 
different thicknesses by comparison with a polarizing photo- 
meter, 

Evaluation (‘veliz)2'-fon). [a. Fr. valuation, 
f. évaluer, f. é- =es- (:—L. ex) out + value VALUE.] 

1. The action of appraising or valuing (goods, 
etc.); a calculation or statement of value; = 
Vauuation. Now rare. 

1755 Macens J/nsurances II. 137 When a certain Evalua- 
tion is admitted in the Policy, no Premium can be demanded 
back. 1804 CoLeBRooxE //uséd. §& Commerce Bengal (1806) 
54 The usual evaluation of different articles of produce. 
1850 Merivace Rom. Emp. (1865) 1. ii. 58 The evaluation of 
his treasures has been preserved. ae 

2. The action of evaluating or determining the 
yalue of (a mathematical expression, a physical 
quantity, etc.), or of estimating the force of (pro- 
babilities, evidence, etc.). 

1779 INGENHousz in Phil. Trans. LXIX. 395 This evalu- 
ation was made before the new discoveries upon the nature 
of nitre and charcoal. 1790 Gispon Misc. Wks. (1814) III. 
509 His evaluation [of the #anszs] would produce two hun- 
dred, or more probably twenty thousand English acres. 
1828 Edin, Rev. XLVIII. 511 The evaluation of certain 
sorts of evidence. 1846 Mitt Logic ut. xviii. § 3 Before 
applying the doctrine of chances .. the foundation must be 
laid for an evaluation of the chances. 1887 Atheneum 
2 Apr. 452/1 The author's .. evaluation of some terms in 
the [lunar] theory..was thereby lost. 

Evanesce (evine's), v. [ad. L. 2vdnescé-re, f. 
& out + vanescére to vanish, f. vdnus empty, insub- 
stantial, Vary. Cf. Evanisu.] str. To fade out 
of sight, ‘melt into thin air’, disappear ; chiefly 
fig. Also in scientific use, To disappear, become 
effaced; said e.g. of markings or organs in plants, 
or of the edge of a polyhedron when two adjacent 
faces are made to rotate into one plane. : 

1822 De a Confess. (1862) 59 A single psychological 
discovery, therfore, caused my musical anticipations to evan- 
esce. 1854 Faber Growth in Holiness xxii. (1872) 472 As 
soon as these spiritual favours are known they will evanesce. 
31857 WueweLL Hist. Induct. Sc. III. 366 The intermediate 
corolla having evanesced. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 77 
This general notion .. evanesces before the dialectic of So- 
crates. 

Evanescence (evine'séns). [f. EVANESCENT 
a.: see -ENCE.] 

1, The process or fact of vanishing away. 

1751 Jounson Rambler No. 156 P 2 The great principles 
of truth. .fade at last in total evanescence. /did. No. 163 
Pp 5 The sudden evanescence of his reward. 1789 PRIESTLEY 
in PAil. Trans. LXXIX. 149 The almost total evanescence 
of both of them [nitrous and dephlogisticated air], when they 
are very pure, and mixed in due proportions, 1833 Brew- 


EVANESCENCY. 


ster Nat, Magic ii. 29 The circumstances under which these 
evanescences would take place. 1849 Mrs, SoMERVILLE 
Connex, Phys. Sc. xxi, 201 Varying through all degrees of 
brightness down to total, or almost total 


Lecky Zng. in 18th C, II, ix. 522 A variety of causes 
had led to the gradual dogmati hing. 

2. The quality of being evanescent ; tendency to 
vanish away. 


18.. Smit Addr, Mummy Poet. Wks. (1846) 15 Statue of 
flesh ! Immortal of the dead ! Imperishable creer sine: 
cence. 1830 Blackw, Mag. XXVIII. 731 The wy and 
fleeting evanescence ..of the regal office and functions. 
wing Senaaae Ess. Ser. u1, ii. (1876) 46 This evanescence 
and lubricity of all objects. .lets them slip through our fingers, 

3. concr. An evanescent thing. *are. : 

1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVII. 848 That most celestial 
Evanescence—a Lunar Rainbow. 

+Evane'scency. 0s. ad -ENCY.] =prec. 

1664 H. More Synopsis Proph., Myst. Iniquity The 
bottomless pit ; For so éBvegos may signify as wel 
Sea, or Abolition, or Evanescency, 

Evanescent (evane'sént), a. [a. Fr. évanescent, 
ad. L. évdnescent-em, pr. pple. of evdnescére (see 
EvANEScE).] ; oe ; 

1. That is on the point of vanishing or becoming 
imperceptible. In Mathematics, said of a diminish- 
ing quantity: That is at the instant of becoming 
zero; infinitesimal. Hence ¢rans/f. of things: Im- 
perceptibly minute, too small to perceive. 

1717 J. Keitt Anim. Gicon. (738) 43 The smallest Capil- 
laries or evanescent Arteries. 1722 Wo.Laston Redig. Nat, 
i. 31 To render the crime evanescent or almost nothing. 
a1761 J. Cawrnorn Wit & Learn. Poems (1771) 73 How 
the moon was evanescent, Was now an orb, aad now a 
crescent? 1778 Horstey in Phil. Trans. LX. 437 note, The 
particles of light, which fall upon the evanescent zone. .are 
as that evanescent annular space which they cover, 1811 
Woop Oftics iv. 56 The limiting ratio of an evanescent arc 
to its sine is a ratio of equality. 1849 Mrs. SomerviL_e 
Connex. Phys. Sc. xxvi. 276 A quantity so evanescent that 
it is hardly possible to conceive a time when a change will 
become perceptible. 1882 Proctor Fam. Sc. Studies 29 
Our knowledge. .has in reality but an evanescent range. 

2. ‘That quickly vanishes or passes away ; having 
no permanence. Said of appearances, conditions, 
impressions, ete. 

1738 Tuomson Spring 148 The melting Pulp Of mellow 
Fruit, the nameless Nations feed{s] Of evanescent Insects. 
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 60 P11 The incidents which 
give excellence to biography are of a volatile and evanescent 
kind. te Cowrer Jask v. 167 A scene Of evanescent 
glory. 1816 R. Jameson Char. Min. (1817) 301 Evanescent, 
when the colour remains as long as the mineral is in a state 
of fusion, but disappears on cooling. 1828 Scott /. M, Perth 
xxxi, The Duke of Rothsay, whose virtuous feelings were as 
easily excited as they were evanescent. 1836 Hor. SmitH 
Tin Trump. (1876) 271 [The] Pen which gives ubiquity of 

rmanence to the evanescent thought of amoment. 1876 
Disains Dis. Skin 41 Macule are evanescent or permanent 
according to their cause. 

b. Bot. of parts of plants: Not permanent. 

1776 WiTHERING Brit, lagi i 30 1V. 189 Curtain white, 
evanescent. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 361 Liparis..glands 
evanescent. 

Hence Evane‘scently adv. 

1847 in Craic. 1865 Busunett Vicar. Sacr. u. iv, 142 
Evanescently dim to our feeling. gt Bar bed XVI. 2 
The colour flitted evanescently. 1881 Daily News 25 July 
s/2 Kindliness, slightly and almost evanescently..tempered 
by a sort of indulgent scorn. 

Evanescing (evine'sin), 9/7. a. [f. EVANESCE 
+-1NG2.] That passes quickly away. 

1805 Med. Frnl. X1V. 537 Symptomatic fever of a mild na- 
ture took place about the oth day, and the usual evanescing 
course followed. 1847 Emerson Xepr. Men, Swedenborg 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 328 It is dangerous to sculpture these 
evanescing aT, ad of thought. 

Evangel!, evangile (‘ve'ndzél, -il). Now 
arch, or rhetorical. Forms: a. 4 evangil, 5 
evangille, -ylle, 6 ewangyle, 4-7, 9 (rare) 
evangile. 8. 4 aphet. vangel (je vangel for 

Pevangel), 5 ewangel, 6-7 evangell, 5-7, 9 
evangele, 4- evangel. [ME. evangile, a. OF. 
evangil)le (mod.F. évangile), corresp. to Pr. 
evangelt, Sp., Pg. evangelio, It. evangelio, evangelo 
(aphet. vangelio, vangelo), repr. Eccl. Lat. évange- 
lium: see EVANGELY. The @ forms are due to 
the influence of the Lat. spelling. 

In England the word was in 17th c. already archaic and 
purely literary, but in Scotland it remained in current use, 
as a synonym for gosfe/, until a still later period. At the 
present time it is chiefly used in transfe sense, or with 
allusion to the etymological meaning ‘good news’, The 
prevailing form now is evange/; but a few writers of the 
present century have preferred le, evangile, either 
to distinguish the word from Evancet?, or merely for ar- 
chaistic effect.] 

I. In various senses of GosPEL. 

1. The ‘ good news’ of redemption to the world 
through Jesus Christ; the religious teaching con- 
tained in the New Testament; the Christian re- 
ligion, 

a@ 1340 Hampote Psalter cxviii. 72 he of godis mouth 
is be vangel. ¢ 1399 Pol. Poems (1859) II. 10 Crist bad him 
self, how that we schulden preche, ‘And to the folk his evan- 

le teche. c 1425 Wynroun Cron. vu. vii. 224 Nowcht be 
c Lauche of pe Ewangyle. Knox First Blast (Arb.) 
31 And worthy is thy sonne Christ Iesus, to haue his Euan- 
gil and glorie aduanced, 1578 Godly § Spiritual! Songs 
(1801) 183 Priests, take 3our staffe And BA wom euangell on 


as the 


Bear? ange ti iy 


828 

he + dit, (18; The 
pee ts nsec Coes” Se 
Heb. xii. 9 An sa gens Scots according to 
Greek DY thet or glad tidings. 


he 
Godl, xiv, The spirit of the Evangile. Congrega- 
= 459 the ‘ospel is the Soar 

e ‘ Gospel dis tion.’ 

1560 Conf. Faith Kirk Scotl, (1811), As the fatheris vnder 
the law .. Sa .. we now, in the tyme of the Euangell, haue 
twa cheif Sacramentis. 

2. a. The record of Christ’s life as contained in 
the Four —— 

3393 Gower Conf. I11. 34 How that this vice is for to 
drede In thevangile it telleth pleine. 1483 Caxton Gold. 
Leg. 436/1 That our lord hath sayd in the holy euangylle. 


a ae 
«ns ale 


EVANGELICAL. 


S. Horstey Serm, (1811) ‘The ecangells Saas 
‘no man can serve two masters’ 1858 ce 


b. Of or ining to the faith or precepts of 
the Gos I ceto the Christian reli ion ; pertaining 
to, or eristic of, the Gospel di ion. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 11. ii. 143 Those 
Feehan. Tn the tother pate (sit were with a 
of cryin. J Susronn tr, Agribpet Va A es 
68 b, ‘arre from the - i dectrine and holy Canons. 
1738 I. 58x In the first Evan- 


Maman Eivetnge 

‘lic ‘Times, x wRKE Fr, Rev. Wks. V. 197 That 
imitive poverty. 1806 A. Knox Rem. I. 12 
is [ i book ‘De consolatione Philosophie’ is 

Platonic not ic. 1845 


elic. R. W. Hamitton Pop, Educ. 
iv. (ed. 2) 64 Let e younger scholar be t..the grounds 


1552 Asp. HamiLton Catech, (1884) 35 Christ in the 4 
.-confermis the same promis. 1588 A, Kine tr. Canisius’ 
Catech. 76b, Y° testimonies baith of ye Euangell and of 
Apostle S. Paul ar verray plane. 1858 J. Martineau Studies 
Chr. 273 The — work .. of the triple Evangile. 

b. One of the ‘ Four Gospels’. 

¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xv. 67 He made be Ewangels, in 

be whilk es helefull teching and sothefastnes. 1552 Apr, 
AMILTON Catech. (1884) 25 The wordis writtin in S. 
Mathewis evangel. a1631 Donne Let. to Sir G, Moore 
Wks. (ed. Alford) VI. xcvi. 414 The Evangiles and Acts 
teach us what to believe, but the Epistles of the Apostles 
what todo. 1678 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11]. 60 Lukes Greek, 
both in his Evangel as also in the Acts of the Apostles, is 
most..eligant. 1828 Lams in Life §& Lett. xvi. 153 e 
Quakers are the only professors of Christianity as I read it 
in the Evangiles. 1866 NEALe Sequences & Hymns 39 
Those infrangible Evangels, welded by the Holy Ghost 

3. ~/. Copies of the Gospels ; a book containing 
them, used to impart sanctity to an oath. Rare 
in sing.; attrib. in evangel-book. 

©1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T. 568 A Briton book, 
written with Euaungiles Was fet, and on this book he swoor 
anoon. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. ul. viii. 184 He is bounde 
unto hym by othe upon the holy euangilles. 1535 STEWART 
Cron. Scot, Ti. 28 And swoir also vpoun the evangell buik. 
1609 SKENE Reg. May., Sc. Act. Robt. 11, 51 The Earle of 
Carrik..made his aith the halie Eu-angellis being tuiched 
be him, 1886 Burton Arad. Nts. (abridged) 1. 233, I con- 
jured him by the Evangel to alight at my house. 

4. transf. +a. Something ‘as true as gospel’. 

1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. > Exuangell, true expounding. 
1622 Bacon Hen. V//, 145 The Attaint upon a false Verdict 
between party and party, which before was a kind of Euan- 
gile, irremediable. 1639 Drumm. or Hawtn. Consid. to 
Parl. Wks. 186 That the covenant be..esteem’d in all times 
coming, the first evangel. 168x Corvi Whigs Supplic. 
(z751) 136 That .. Merline’s prophesies [are] evangels. 

A doctrine or principle (pertaining e.g. to 
politics, social reform, or morals) to which ‘ sav- 
ing’ efficacy is attributed. Sometimes with some 
notion of the etymological sense ‘ good news’. 

1831 CartyLe Sart, Res. (1858) 109 La carriére ouverte 
aux talens..which is our ultimate Political Evangel. 1865 
Sat, Rev. X1X. 622/2 The law of trust is to be hencefort! 
applied under the inspiration of this new evangele. pes | 
Contemp. Rev. XXXVI. 290, 1 do not announce a new an 
perfect evangel to be ushered in by loud flourish of trumpets. 

II. 5. In etymological sense: A message of 
glad tidings. Also (sonce-use), a song of joyful 
promise. 

1842 Lonar. Slave Singing at Midn, vi, What holy angel 
Brings the slave this glad evangel? 1844 Mrs. Browninc 
Drama of Exile Poems I. 14 Our requiems follow fast on 


our evangels, 
Evangel? (‘ve'ndzél). [ad. Gr. eddyyedos 


bringing good news, f. eb well +dyyéAAev to an- 
nounce.] A proclaimer of the gospel; = Evan- 
GELIST, 


1593 [see below]. 1614 Stirtinc Doomsday and Hour 
xxxvili, When the Euangell most toyl’d Soules to winne. 
1860 C. Sancster Hesperus 13 We heard the evangels relate 
the glad story. 1866 Neate Seguences & Hymns 157 The 
great Evangel of Patmos, 1878 Symonps Sonn, Campanella 


and i J. MartiIngEau 
ea I. 412 A Hebrew ode was made to yield evangelic 


logma. 
ce. Evangelic Prophet: see EVANGELICAL I c. 

1683 E. Hooxer Pref Ep. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 14 
Peruse that Vers of the Evangelic Prophet, if this iniquitie 
be purged from you, etc. i 

+d. In uncertain sense ; perh. ‘ pious’. Ods. 

1460-70 Bk. intessence 1. 1 How bat olde euangelik 
men, and feble Ciccne my3te be restorid, and haue a3en 
her firste strenkpis of 3ongbe. /did. u. 15 To reduce an 
oold feble euangelik man to pe firste strenkpe of 

2. As the designation of a sect or party. 
usually EVANGELICAL.) 

@. = EVANGELICAL 2 a. - 

1583 Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe Countries 1. 33b, The 
Euangelike Churches both of hygh and lowe Commie. 
1649 Drumm. or Hawtn, /dea . 220 Two eminent 
religions. .the Roman, and that which is protestant or evan- 
gelick. 1758 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 50/2 They had 
rather a contrary effect in rousing the whole evangelic body 
to a sense of their own danger. 1792 Burke Let. to Sir 
H. Langrishe Wks. V1. 318 When the three religions were 
established in Germany, they were..declared to be Evan- 
gelick, the Reformed and the Catholick. 

b. = EVANGELICAL 2b. 

1812 J. Jess Corr. (1834) I]. 197 A far nearer approach 
to the PE of a hierarchy dunes can at all discern in 
our evangelic churchmen, 1814 Scorr Wav. xxx, I have 
never been able to discover which he belonged to, the evan- 

elic, or the moderate party in the kirk. 1850 P. Crook 

Var of Hats 24 Why not excite petitions to proscribe The 
chapels of the evangelic tribe? 1874 Spurceon 77eas. Dav. 
Ps. Ixxxv. Introd., The purely evangelic annotators [in 
contrast with the soeeaicall 


. Sd. 

+1. The adj. used adso/.: see A. 1c. Obs. 

ax617 S. Hieron Aaron's Bells (1623) 11 Jerome sticks 
not to call hem [Esay] an Evangelicke. 

+2. A Protestant; = EvaNGELicaL B. 1. Ods. 

1616 Brent tr. Sarpi's Council Trent (1676) 387 The 
Protestants did increase in Germany, and the Evangeliques 
did ltipl gst the Sui 1660 Biome Fanat. 
Hist. i. 5 They [the Anabaptists].. troubled the Evange- 
liques more than the ists. 1688 True Spirit of Popery 
6 He made a Gaol of his own House, si was his in- 
veterate Malice against the Evangelics. 1709 Stryre Ann. 
Ref. 1.1. 41 Now did both the Evangelics and the Papalins 
bestir themselves for their parties. 1758 Jortin Zrasm. 1. 
442, I abhor the Evangelics. j 

+3. A member of the Evangelical party, Ods. ; 
= EVANGELICAL B, 2. 

1812 A. Knox in ¥. Yebd's Corr, (1834) I. 100 A good 
evangelic, mild and pious, rooted in the ways of worthy 


Wilberforce. 
cal (ivien-, evendzge'likal), a. and 
sh. [f. prec. +-AL.] 
A. adj. 


(Now 


}. 
1. Of or pertaining to the Gospel. 
ta. Of or per Isa to the Gospel narrative, 
or to the Four Gospels ; contained or mentioned 
in the Gospels. Ods.; = EVANGELIO 1 a. 
1553 T. Paynewt (tit/e) The Pandectes of the 
the whole H. 


xxxv, The true sons of perfidy. . Calling themselves e 
of the faith. 

Hence + Eva‘ngelship, the office of evangelist. 

1593 Bison Govt. Christ's Ch, 233 No part of their Euan- 
gelship. , : 

e‘lian, a. Gr. Antig. rare—, [f. Gr. 
(7a) ebayyéAca (pl. of edayyédtoy: see EVANGELY 
+ -AN.]) Lvangelian sacrifice: transl. of Gr. 
ebaryyéda, the sacrifice offered in token of gratitude 
on receipt of good news, 

1808 Mitrorp Greece xxxvii. § 7. IV. 397 Twice had the 
evangelian sacrifice been performed, as if thanks were due 
to the gods for signal victories. 1832 WeasTer Evangelian, 
Po engaed thanks for favors [citing Mitford} So in later 

ucts, 


Evangelic (ivin-, evendze‘lik), a. and sd. 
Forms: 5-6 evangelik(e, -yke, 6-8 -ick(e, 7 
-ique, 7- evangelic. [ad. late L. Avangelic-us, a. 
Eccl. Gr. ebaryyeAds, f. ebayyéAtov : see EVANGELY.] 

A. adj. 

1. Of or pertaining to the Gospel. 

a, Of or pertaining to the Gospel narrative, or 
to the Four Gospels. 

1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam. Wits xv. (1596) ay That 
this doctrin is true and catholicke, the letter of the Euange- 
licke text prooueth. arzrr Ken Hymns Festiv. Poet 
Wks. 1721 I. 393 His Evangelick Volume to leat. @ 1806 


we 5 prisyng the wl of Christes ll, 

is 1583 Stuspes Anat. Abus, 1. 90 the whole euan- 
1 historie. Hooker Zec/. Pol. y. xl. § 2 What 

Sscorder is it if these ew Evangelical H. be .. every 


kymns . 

day reh d? 1660 B K 6 Th 
? +e" goocene * 1703 poser Os N. T. Luke 
* i there prophetical - 
dict car ove ‘Cuanszes Cyl. s. v. Harmony, Evangelical 
Harmony, is a title of divers books, composed to shew the 
+ Ag! of the given by the four evangelists. 
b. Of or pertaining to, or in accordance with, 
the faith or precepts of the Gospel, or the Chris- 
tian religion; pertaining to, or characteristic of, 
the Gospel dispensati 

1531 TinpaLe Ex, St. 

constauntly in t 
‘addon's Answ. Osor, 


on, 
‘ohn (1537) 92 He exhorteth them to 
ae 
Vi 


. Beit 

yey Ph ye 

doth call Sle gs 1619 W. Perkins Cases Consc. 31 A 
foes “¥ ee eo licall "alee 

ocers Naaman 41 In evangel 

1699 BuRNET 39 "40. x. (1700) 123 Faith .. separated from 
the other E lical Graces. 1730 Berketey Serm,. Wks. 
we IV. 64 Not lip-worship, nor will- ip, but inward 


and evang 1782 Priestiey Corrupt. » 1. 1, 164 
ease eiing anton ical ; all is and carnal, 1839 
Yeowrt Anc. Brit. Ch. ii. (1847) 10 He has taken away 
.. the legal pri , that he may Ve 

~T cir 


EVANGELICAL. 


truth, were confirmed. 1675 Manninc Mission H.Ghost i. 13 
The one great evangelical gift. .is the gift of the Holy Ghost. 

e. Evangelical prophet: a designation of Isaiah, 
representing the view that his writings describe 
prophetically the life of Christ, and the state of 
things under the Gospel dispensation, and that 
they abound in anticipations of the doctrines re- 
vealed in the Gospel. 

The idea is due to St. Jerome, in whose writings it fre- 

uently occurs in various forms: e. g. he says(Ad Paulam, 
Wis. 1575 III. 18) that Isaiah ‘non tam propheta dicendus 
est quam evangelista.’ 

1547 Homilies 1. Falling from God ui. (1859) 85 The evan- 
gelical Prophet Esay..doth teach us. 1585 Apr. Sanpys 
Serm. (1841) 8 Our evangelical prophet Esaias hath..most 
lively described and set forth the nativity..of our Saviour 
Christ to judge the quick and the dead. 1699 EveLyn 
Acetaria (1729) 168 The Evangelical Prophet adumbrating 
the future Glory of the Catholick Church. 1778 Bp. R. 
Lowtn /saiah Prelim. Diss. (ed. 12) 52 The sublime and 
spiritual uses to be made of this peculiarly evangelical 
Prophet. 1853 Maurice Profh. Kings xiii. 226 He 
[Isaiah] is often called the evangelical prophet ; by which 
it is meant that he is especially the prophet of the Messiah. 

d. Ofa person: Imbued with the spirit of the 
Gospel. rare. 

1768 STERNE Sent. Yourn. (1775) 101, I am so evangelical 
in this, and have such a fellow-feeling for whatever is weak. 

2. Since the Reformation adopted as the desig- 
nation of certain theological parties, who have 
claimed that the doctrines on which they lay especial 
stress constitute ‘the Gospel’. This claim is of 
course disallowed by their adversaries, but (as in the 
case of other self-assumed party names) the desig- 
nation has received the sanction of general usage. 

a. = Protestant. Now only with reference to 
Germany and Switzerland, where its German and 
French equivalents are also applied in narrower 
sense to the Lutheran as distinguished from the 
‘ Reformed’ or Calvinistic Church. In the German 
Empire ‘ The Evangelical Church’ is the official 
name of the established Protestant Church of 
Prussia, formed in 1817 by the union of the Lu- 
theran and Reformed churches. 

2 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 353/2 Tindall himselfe 
woulde no lesse were done .. then would hys euangelical 
brother Barns. op W. Starrorp Exam. Compl. iii. 
(2876) 94 Every bishop should yerely keepe a sinode in his 
diocesse of all euangelicall persons. 1619 Avraign. Barne- 
velt § 11 The reformed euangelicall religion. 1697 EveLyN 
Numism. viii. 265 The Evangelical Churches in Germany. 
red W. Tuomson Watson's Philip I11. (1839) 345 They 
should maintain two companies of evangelical soldiers, 
1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. Ill. v. iii. 109 The 
evangelical communes became aware of their superiority. 

b. From 18th c, applied to that school of Pro- 
testants which maintains that the essence of ‘the 
Gospel’ consists in the doctrine of salvation by 
faith in the atoning death of Christ, and denies 
that either good works or the sacraments have 
any saving efficacy. 

Other features more or less characteristic of the theology 
of this school are: a strong insistence on the totally de- 
praved state of human nature consequent on the Fall; the 
assertion of the sole authority of the Bible in matters of 
doctrine, and the denial of any power inherent in the 
Church to supplement or authoritatively interpret the teach- 
ing of Scripture ; the denial that any supernatural gifts are 
imparted by ordination; and the view that the sacraments 
are merely symbols, the value of which consists in the 
thoughts which they are fitted to suggest. As a distinct 

arty designation, the term came into general use, in Eng- 
aac at the time of the Methodist revival; and it may be 
said, with substantial accuracy, to denote the school of 
theology which that movement represents, though its earlier 
associations were rather with the Calvinistic than the 
Arminian branch of the movement. In the early part of the 
1gthc. the words ‘ Methodist’ and ‘ Evangelical’ were, b 
adversaries, often used indiscriminately, and associated wit 
accusations of fanaticism and ‘ puritanical’ disapproval of 
social pleasures. The portion of the ‘ evangelical’ school 
which belongs to the Anglican church is practically identical 
with the ‘Low Church’ party. In the Church of Scotland 
during the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 
roth c. the two leading parties were the ‘ Evangelical’ and 
the ‘ Moderate’ party. ? 

(1747 Dopprince Life Col. Gardiner 162 It was his de- 
liberate Judgment, that the Law should be preached, as 
well as the Gospel ; and hardly any Thing gave him greater 
Offence, than the irreverent Manner in which some, who 
have been ignorantly extolled as the most zealous Evan- 
gelical Preachers, have sometimes been tempted to speak of 
the former.] 179x Hampson Mem. ¥. Wesley III. 61 What 
are usually called evangelical views of religion. 1809 R. 
Sourney in Q. Rev. I. 195 The Wesleyans, the Orthodox 
dissenters of every description, and the Evangelical church- 
men may all be comprehended under the generic name of 
Methodists. 1825 Lp. Cocksurn AZem. 1. 43 The prin- 
ciples and feelings of the persons commonly called evan- 
gelical were the same then as they arenow. 1842 Dickens 
Amer. Notes (1850) 38/2 Evangelical ladies there are, like- 
wise, whose attachment to the forms of religion, and horror 
of theatrical entertainments, are most exemplary. 1871 
Bracke Four Phases 1. 54 The sacred-sounding columns 
of an evangelical newspaper. 1889 Dict. Nat. Biog. XVII. 
433 Erskine was..devoted to the doctrines and aims of the 
evangelical party in the church, 3 

3. Of or pertaining to an evangelist, or preacher 
of the Gospel. rare. 

x Hospes Govt. § Soc. xvii. § <3 321 The Apostolicall 

rke indeed was universall ., the Evangelicall to preach, 


Vor. III. 


829 


or to be publishers of the Gospell among the infidels. 1794 
Govwin Cal. Williams 291 He [the vicar] condescended, 
with, his evangelical hand, to guide the plough. 

. Sd. 

1. A Protestant; in mod. use esf. a German Lu- 
theran, or an adherent of the national church of 
the German Empire. See A. 2a. 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 352/1 Those euaungeli- 
calles theimselfe cease not to pursue and punishe .. their 
euaungelicall bretherne. 1860 Froupe Hist. Eng. V. 323 
Clergymen professing to be Evangelicals held four or five 
livings, and officiated in none. 1878 in Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 
109 He [Veit Bach] is said .. to have moved into Hungary 
with many other Evangelicals for protection from perse- 
cution. : ‘ 

2. A member of the Evangelical party, esd. in 
the Church of England. Cf. A. 2b. 

1804 R. SoutHey in Anz. Rev. II. 189 The history of this 
society is truly characteristic of the Evangelicals. 1807 — 
Espriella’s Lett, (1814) II. 359 [Whitfield’s] preachers were 
usually called by her [Lady Huntingdon’s] name, which 
they have now dropt for the better title of Evangelicals. 
1852 New.anp Lect. Tractar.77 We claim the Evangelicals 
of the last generation as our fellow workers. 1865 Pusry 
Truth Eng. Ch. 4 Ever since I knew them .. I have loved 
those who are called ‘Evangelicals’, 1876 M. Davirs 
Unorth. Lond. 374 Dr. Arnold defines the Evangelical to 
be ‘a good Christian, with a narrow understanding’. 

Hence Evange:lica‘lity, Evange-licalness 
(rare), the quality or state of being evangelical ; 
faithfulness to the Gospel. 

1857 De Quincey in H. A. Page Zz/ (1877) II. xviii. 129 
One of the Edinburgh Professors, and notorious for his 
evangelicality. 1645 J. Goopwin /unoc. § Truth Tri. 63 
Mr. Prynne by representing my Parish as divided, disor- 
dered by my Independent way, hath rather given testimony 
to the truth and evangelicalnesse of it. 1730-6 BaiLey (folio), 
Evangelicainess, the having evangelical quality. : 

Evangelicalism (‘vin-, evén,dze'likali:z’m). 
[f prec. + -1sm.] The doctrines and modes of 
thought peculiar to the Evangelical party; ad- 
herence to that party. 

1831 Edin. Rev. LIM. 305 We have always thought that 
the worst things about Evangelicalism were its exclusive- 
ness, etc, 1871-2 Gro. Exior Middlem. xvi. (D.), Evan- 
gelicalism had cast a certain suspicion as of plague-infection 
over the few amusements which survived in the provinces. 
1884 A. M. Farrpairn in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 371 An age 
weary of a hard and pragmatic evangelicalism. 

Evangelically (vén-, evéndgelikali), adv. 
[f as prec.+-Ly%.] In an evangelical manner. 

1. As the Gospel requires; in accordance with 
the spirit of the Gospel; from the point of view of 
the Gospel. 

1624 Grr Foot out of Snare 14 The least sin, legally con- 
sidered, is damnable ; though evangelically, the greatest of 
allis pardonable. 1654 Trapp Comm. Nehentiah i. 9 ‘And 
keep my Commandments ’—Evangelically keep them : for 
with a legal obedience none can. 1673 Lady's Call. 1. v. 
32 Socrates has excellently (I had almost said evangelically) 
defin’d, the best way of worshipping God, to be the doing 
what he commands. 19772 Frietcuer Logica Genev. 63 
Agreeably to that evangelically-legal proposition. 

. According to the principles of those called 
Evangelicals. 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 639/2 When our euaun- 
gelical englishe heretiques fall in acquaintaunce..with some 
of our marchauntes factours, they mylke them so euaungeli- 
cally, that, etc. 1890 Dict, Nat. Biog. XXI. 14/2 His 
parents were .. by no means ‘ evangelically’ religious. 

Evange'lican, a. and sé. [f. EVANGELIC + -AN.] 

A. adj, =EVANGELICAL A. 2 b. 

1847 De Quincey Protestantisnt Wks. (1862)VII. 100 Dis- 
tinguishing between the Romanist and the Newmanite, on 
the one hand, between the Calvinist and the Evangelican 
man, on the other. 

. sb, = EVANGELICAL B. 2. 

1876 Mivart Contemp. Evolution 116 The heartfelt piety 
of the evangelican protest against the cold formalism of the 
established clergy of that time. ; 

Hence Evange'‘licanism = EvANGELICALISM. 

ae Does Dict. Relig. 412 Evangelicanism is essenti- 
ally the theology of the inner life of the individual soul. 

Evange'licism. vare. [f. EVANGELIC a. + 
-IsM.] = EVANGELICALISM. 

1807 Soutney in Life (1850) III. 92 In spite of his evangeli- 
cism, I always expected great things, from the proof he had 
given of very superior powers. 1864 Sat. Rev. XVIII. 
490/t The reign of Evangelicism had discountenanced debts 
incurred in this quarter. 

Evangeli‘city. [f. as prec. + -1ry.] The 
quality of being evangelical. 

18.. Lclectic Rev, (Ogilvie), A thorough earnestness and 
evangelicity. 1839 J. H. Newman Anglo-Amer. Ch. Essays 
(1872) I. 365 Apostolicity..is one side, one whole aspect of 
Christian truth, and Evangelicity is another side. 

+ Evange'licly, adv. Obs. = EVANGELICALLY. 

1678 Gate Crt. Gentiles III. 15 Both are Evangelicly 
possible, through the habitual and actual assistances of the 
Spirit of Grace, : 

Evangelism (fvendzéliz’m). [f. Evancrn 
+-ISM, as ifad. Gr.*edayyedropds, f. ebaryyedifecOar: 
see EVANGELIZE. Cf. F. évangélisme. In sense 2 
f, EVANGEL-IC + -ISM.] 

1. The preaching or promulgation of the Gospel ; 
performance of the function of an evangelist. 

a1626 Bacon New AiZi. (1650) 10 Thus was this Land 
saved from infidelitie .. through the Apostolicall and Mira- 
culous Evangelisme of S, Bartholomew. 1813 Examiner 

18 Jan. 35/1 Evangelism or the Announcement of Good 


EVANGELISTARIUM. 


Tidings. 1857 T. B. Buntinc Life J. Bunting 1. vii. 94 
The Sunday School. .never to be entered. .in any spirit but 
that of an earnest evangelism. 

2. a. Attachment to or profession of evangelical 
doctrines, z.e. = EVANGELICALISM (chiefly in deri- 
sive or hostile use). b. The faith of the Gospel. 
(rare.) 

a. 1812 Religionisnz 26 But lectureship requires, Grave 
face, evangelism and curbed desires. 1831 Blackw. Mag. 
XXIX. 96 Attacking what it calls evangelism and puritan- 
ism. 1840 Mrs. Gore in New Monthly Mag. LX. 52 
Taking his sly aim from behind the whited wall of evan- 
gelism. 1876 Miss Brappon ¥. Haggara’s Dau. Il. 95 
Triumphant party cries and watch-words of evangelism. 

b. 1842 FABER Provincial Lett. (1844) u. 13 The sure 
test .. of soul-preserving Evangelism or of soul-destroy- 
ing Heresy. 1888 SpurGeon in British Weekly 3 Feb. 275 
Here is an inner core of Evangelism in which all true 
believers are at one. 


Evangelist (‘ve'ndzélist). 
ewan(i)geliste, 3-8 evangelist(e, -yste, (4 
euuan-, evaungelist, -istte), 4- evangelist. 
Also 4 aphet. (after Je) wangelist(e, -yst. [a. Fr. 
Evangéliste, = Pr., Sp. and It. evangelista, ad. L. 
evangelista, ad. Gr. ebayyedtoTns, agent-n. f. eday- 
yericecOar: see EVANGELIZE.] 


1. One of the writers of the Four Gospels, 
Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. 

e175 Lamb. Hom. 81 Seint Iohan pe ewangeliste in 
apocalipsi. c1225 7#liana 31 Pe worldes wealdent bat wiste 
sein iuhan his ewanigeliste unhurt. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 
67 And sende Sent Mark be euangelist into Egypt. a 1300 
Cursor M. 13977 (Gitt.) Als tellis luca be wangeliste. a 1330 
Roland & V. 153 Jones brober, be wangelist. 1377 LancL. 
P. Pi. B, x. 243 Cryst clepid hym-self so pe ewangelistes 
bereth witnesse. 1480 Caxton Chron, Eng. 1. (1520) 14/2 
This Asarias and his sone Joas and his nevewe Amasia 
Mathew the evangelist putteth not in the lyne of Crys 
for theyr offences.. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. viii. 
(1634) 27 The three Evangelists write the Historie in base 
and simple speech. 1697 Locker 2nd Vind. Reas. Chr. He 
is of opinion..if we had nothing but the four Evangelists, 
we could not be sav’d. 1747 J. Scotr Chr. Life III. 115 
‘The same may be said of the three other Evangelists. 1833 
Cruse Eusebius vi. xxxi. 250 In this he most clearly esta- 
blishes the consistency of two evangelists. 1845 Corrine 
in Encycl. Metrop. 879/1 The Evangelist relates the cir- 
cumstances attendant on the baptism of Christ. 

transf. 1887 Gotpinc De Mornay xxxiii. 534 He [Apol- 
lonius of Thyanie] fetched a yoong wench to life again, but 
yet his counterfeit Euangelist Philostratus durst not auowe 
that she was starke dead. 

+2. The book of the Gospels; a copy of the 
Gospels. Obs. [A med.L. use of evangelista ; cf. 
apostolus for a lectionary from the epistles. } 

1523 Lp. Berners /voiss. I. ccxii. 260 We swere on the 
holy euangelist, by vs corporally touched. 1618 Barnevelt’s 
Afol, Fiijb, Let the Aduocate remember what Christ 
thunders out in the Euangelist. 1713 STEELE in Guardian 
No. 21 P 8 To see a well dressed young man produce an 
evangelist out of his pocket. 

3. a. gc. One who preaches the gospel. 

1535 CovERDALE Ps. Ixvii. 11 The Lorde shal geue the 
worde, with greate hoostes of Euangelistes. 1548 Upatt, 
etc. Erasuz. Par. Zohn 69 b, They [the Pharisees] were as 
blynde in soule as the beggar, beyng now an euangelyste, 
was before in body. 1559 in Strype Ann. Ref I. App. vi. 11 
A woman ..is not called to be an evangelist. 

transf. 1790 Burke Fr, Rev. 16 The new evangelists 
will, I dare say, disappoint the hopes that are conceived of 
them. 1840 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 325 The French Revo- 
lution found its Evangelist in Rousseau. 1883 Harfer’s 
Mag. Sept. 559/1 Mr. Norman Shaw has been the chief 
evangelist of this strange revival. 

b. One who evangelizes or brings the gospel to 
(a heathen nation, etc.) ; = APOSTLE 3b. 

Mod. St. Boniface the evangelist of Germany. 

e. In the primitive Church, the designation 
given to a certain class of teachers, mentioned in 
Eph. iv. 11 after ‘apostles’ and ‘ prophets’, and 
presumably having the function of preaching the 
gospel to the unconverted. The title has at various 
periods been revived, usually denoting an itinerant 
preacher having no fixed pastoral charge. At 
present, in the usage of various Protestant de- 
nominations, it means chiefly a layman commis- 
sioned to perform home missionary work. 

1382 Wycuir Acts xxi. 8 Philip euangelist. /éid., Ep. iv. 
11 He jaf 3iftis to men..And he 3af summe sotheli apostlis, 
summe forsoth prophetis, othere forsothe Euangelistis. 1526 
Piler. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 21 Many offices and dignytees 
ofthe chirche. .as apostles, prophetes, euangelistes, doctours. 
1588 J. Upatt Demonstr. Discipl. (Arb.) 23 Timothie and 
Titus..were Euangelists, a degree aboue ordinarie ministers. 
1611 BisLe 2 77%. iv. 5 Endure afflictions, do the work of an 
evangelist, 1681 Burnet Hist. Ref. II. 368 It was ioe hae 
that there should be in every diocese some who should go 
round a precinct, and preach like evangelists. 1732 NEAL 
Hist. Purit. 1, 165 He [John Knox] was a sort of Evan- 
gelist over the whole kingdom. 1839 YeowELt Anc. Brit. 
Ch. iv. (1847) 39 Evangelists, who appear to have acted as 
pioneers and forerunners of a stationary ministry. 1852 
ConyBEARE & H. St, Paul (1862) I. xiii. 409 The term 
Evangelist is applied to those missionaries who. .travelled 
from place to place. 1881 Brste (Revised) Z fA. iv. 11. 

|| Evangelista‘rium, Also 9 evangelista- 
rion. fa. med.L. @vangelistartum, mod. Gr. 
evayyedtoTapioy, f. vangelista EVANGELIST. ] =next. 

18s0 NEALE Last. Ch. II. 903 note, I.. consult the Evan- 
gelistarion, to see what is the tone for the week. 1882 

42 


Forms : 2-4 


EVANGELISTARY. 
Athenzum 2 Dec. 737/1 A Greek Evangelistarium. ,of the 


twelfth century. x 
(tverndzélistari). [ad. med. 
L. évangelistari-um (see prec.).] 

1. a. A book containing the portions of the 
Gospels that form part of the liturgy. b. A copy 
of the Four Gospels. 

a. 21646 J. Grecory Posthuma tei) 'a09 The Saxor 
had..kept the daie, as it seemeth by their Evangelistarie, 
where the Rubrick to the Gospel is, pys Godspel sceal 
on cyldamasse dag. 1682 WHELER Yourn. Greece IV. 323 
An Riad .. written in Capital Letters. 1790 Por- 
son Lett, to Travis 230 (T.) The evangelistaries and lec- 
tionaries have often transfused their ings into the other 


“ate eee R ader 29 Apr. 490/3 But attention was chiefly 
> wi é r. 3 But attention v 

directed to an Evangelistary, which was exhibited at the 
—. t — In = — ii. fo Sey, 
or copy of the Four Gospels, in in. 1882-3 5cH MEY Cl. 
Relig. Knowl. 1. 731 The Rushworth Gloss (in the Bod- 
leian), an interlinear evangelistary. z 

+2. (See quots.: is the sense genuine ?) 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Evangelistary, the Office of an 
Evangelist ; also a Pulpit, or the place where the Gospel is 
delivered. 1692 in Cores. 1775 Asn, Evangelistory. 

Evangelistic (‘veindzélisstik), a. [f. Evan- 
GELIST + -1¢.] ; 

1. Of or pertaining to the Four Evangelists. 

1845 W. Bromet in Archezol. XXXI. 498 At the angles 
{of an Incised Slab] are the evangelistic symbols. 1850 
Neate Med. Hymns 108 These are they, the symbols mystic 
Of the forms Evangelistic. 1869 SpurGEoN Treas. Dav. Ps. 
xxii. 7-8 The evangelistic narrative of the ridicule endured 
by the Crucified One. 

2. Of or pertaining to preachers of the Gospel. 

1860 Eviicott Life Our Lord vii. 281 The fulfilment of 
type and shadow of the hopes of patriarchs .. must be de- 
clared by the whole Evangelistic company. 1886 Q. Rev. 
CLXIII. 122 Apparatus, necessary for their [missionaries’] 
educational and evangelistic labours. 

3. Pertaining to the Evangelical school. 

1848 H. Mitier First /mpr. viii. (1857) 129 The Volun- 
tary controversy united Evangelistic Dissent and Roman 
Catholicism by the bonds of a common cause. 

Eva‘ngelistship. [f. EvancE.ist +-sHIP.] 
The office, position, or dignity of an evangelist. 

a 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 578 A 
full performance of his office of the Evangelistship. 1636 
Prynne Unbish. Tim. (1661) 2 Can we .. conjecture, that 
Timothy would .. descend from an Evangelistship to a 
Bishoprick ? . 

|| Evangelium (ivendze'lidm), Ods. or arch. 
Also 6 evangelion. [L. @wangelium, a. Gr. ebay- 


éAvov : see EVANGELY.] The GosPeL (in various | 
lta tieee ese ] ( | on hillis the feet of euangelizinge and tellynge pees. 1631 R. 


senses) ; a proclamation of the ‘ glad tidings’ of 
the Gospel. 

1541 CoverDALE tr. Bullinger’s Old Faith (1624) iii, 
This is the first promise, and the first sure Evangelion. 
1550 CrowLey Last hey 359 If thy prince do com- 
maunde the ought Against des Evangelion, Then praye 
for him stylinthy thought. 1692-1732 CoLes, Evangelium. 
1850 Mara. Futter Life without & Life within (1860) 18 If 
we can find out how much was given him, we are told, ina 
pure evangelium to judge..how much shall be required. 

Evangelization (‘ve:ndzélaizéi-fan). —_[f. 
EVANGELIZE v. + -ATION.] 

1. The action or work of preaching the Gospel. 

1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xlii. 270 Evangelization, that 
is, a Proclamation of Christ. 1 M. Pattison Academ, 


. 122 Instead of holding up evangelisation—they | 
e 


Org. Vv. 
ake the cultivation of knowledge the business of the life. 

2. The action or process of evangelizing, or 
bringing under the influence of the Gospel. 

1827 G. S. Faser Sacred Cal, Prophecy Ost) I. 195 
When this universal evangelisation shall have taken place. 
1869 Farrar Fam. Speech iii. (1873) 105 The Aryan should 
advance farther and farther to the civilisation..the evan- 

elisation of the whole habitable globe. 1879 Maciear 
Celts iii. 38 The most powerful influence in the gradual 
evangelization of the Celtic races. 1883 Harper's Mag. 
Sept. 498/2 The evangelization of the Dalecarlians. 

». The action of interpreting (heathen myths) 
in an evangelic or Christian sense. 

1843 Turner tr. Geijer’s Hist, Sweden (L.), The evangel- 
ization of the native superstitions was the first object of 
these latitudinarian missionaries, ; : 

3. The state or condition of being evangelized 


or converted to the Christian faith. 

1870-4 Anperson Missions Amer. Bd. IV, xlvi. 481 
The effect of the thorough gelization of t ity. 

Hence Eva:ngeliza‘tioner (sovce-zwd.), one en- 
gaged in evangelization. 

1825 R. Sourney in Q. Rev. XXXII. 26 One of these 
qualified evangelizationers has devised what he calls Church 
questions. 


Evangelize (‘ve'ndzéleiz), v. [ad. Eccl. L. 
évangeliz-are, ad. Gr. ebaryyeAlCeoGau, f, ebdyyedos ; 


see EVANGEL 2, 
+1. intr. a. To bring or tell good tidings, b. 
To preach, proclaim the Gospel. Const. fo. Obs. 
@ 1382 Wycur /sa. xl.9 Thou that euangelisist to Sion, 
1609 Biste (Douay) idid., Thou that elizest to Sion. 
b. 1382-8 Wycuir Ps. Prol., (These things] Dauid..so 
euydentli openede, that more be he seen to euangelisen than 
to profecien. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) 2 Cor. x. 16 For we are 
come as farre as to you in the Gospel of Christ .. to evan- 
_ 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. u. 116 S. Peter.. 
uangelized abundantly with his t e. 1666 J. Smirn Old 
md 256 Conversant in the Word of ;_and able to evan- 
gelize. a 1808 Porreus Serm, II. xii. (R.), Thus did our 


heavenly instructor most fulfil the predictions of the 
prophet. that be would evangelion 60 the poor, 

+2. trans. To proclaim as glad tidings; to 
preach. Const. 40, unto. Obs. 
fo: Wycuir Luke a I am sent to thee for to speke, 

ta ennegelt ae {v.7. or shewe] to thee thes 

temple, and 

techinge and ote Thesu Crist. 

1579 J. KnewsTus Confut. Heresies 73 a, mysterie of the 

heauenly trueth .. becommeth nowe .. euangelized and de- 

onet va y98 Sh 1581 Marseck Bk. of Notes 457 From 

that time the yey of God was patie 1649 
Roserts C/avis Bibi. 278 O all the earth sing praise alwa’ 

.-Evangelize from day to day His glorious ‘ion. 1658 

Christ Exalted 3, 1 evangelize to you great Joy, which 

shall be to all People. f 

3. To preach the Gospel to; to win over to the 
Gospel or the Christian faith; rarely, in etymo- 
logical sense: To announce glad tidings to. 

a 1652 J. Smitn Sed. Disc. vii. 349 There were amongst 
the jo ove that were evan; cieed. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
x. 499 His [Messiah’s] Apostles, whom he sends To evan- 
gelize the Nations. 1813 Examiner 3 May 283/1 Why go 
to India to ‘evangelize’ the natives? 1839 YEOwELL A nc. 
Brit. Ch. xiv. (1847) 165 Aidan, by whose self-denyin; 
labours Northumbria soon b gelized. 1845 J. 
H. Newman Ess. ees 385 Mary the Virgin, receiv- 
ing faith and joy, when Gabriel the Angel evangelized her. 
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. v. 289 A zealous Chris- 
tian, who evangelized his kingdom at the point of the sword. 
1874 Daily News 14 Feb., Eight Incumbents. .have asked 
.-for. .lay churchmen toevangelise their parisheson Sunday 
evenings. ; 

b. adsol. or intr. To act as an evangelist. 

1882 Century Mag. XXV. 77 Trading, manceuvering, ly- 
ings or evangelizing, as occasion required. 

. To imbue with the spirit of the Gospel ; 
to interpret in an evangelical sense. 

1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles II. wv. 94 The Divine Law.. 
evangelised and sweetned by evangelic grace. 1857 BapEN 
Powe tt Chr. without Fudaism 145 The spirit of allegorising 
and evangelising all parts of it [the Old ‘Testament). 

Hence Evangelized f//. a. Eva'ngelizer, one 
who evangelizes (in various senses of the vb.). 
Evangelizing v//. sb. and pf/. a. (in quot. 1382 
absol. One who brings good tidings). 

g5 ¥ ig 

1816 Faser Orig. Pagan Idol. 11, 212 He had be- 
come contemptible in the eyes of the evangelized Britons. 
1819 — Dispensations (1823) II. 150 When Christianity it- 
self shall be added to evangelized Judaism. 1382 Wyctir 
Ps. \xvii[i]. 11: The Lord shal 3iuen a word, to the euange- 
liseris, 1883 Jessopp Coming of Friars i. (1889) 49 The 
Friars were the Evangelizers of the towns of England for 
300 years. 1862 GouLsurN Pers. Relig. i. (1873) 8 The evan- 
gelizing of the heathen. 1 Wycir Nahum i. 15 Loo! 


H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xii. § 5. 140 The Evan- 
gelizing Apostles, that in their Epistles writ as they preacht. 

Evangely (!ve'ndzéli). Obs. or arch. Forms: 
4-7 ev-, ewangeli(e, -ye, (5 evangilye), 4-5 
evaungelie, -y, 5- evangely. Also § aphet, 
vangelye. [ad. Eccl. L. wangelium, ad. Gr. ebay- 
yéAvov good tidings (in class. Gr, only ‘ reward 
for bringing good news,’ and in pl. ‘a sacrifice 
offered on receiving good news’), f. ebdyyedos, f. 
ed well + dyyéAAew to announce. Cf. EvaANGEL!.] 

1. The ‘good news’ of redemption; the Gospel 
revelation, the faith of the Gospel ; = EvancEr 1. 

1382 Wyciir Gal. i. 7 Ther ben summe that .. wolen 
mysturne the euangelie of Crist. c 14g0 Loneticu Grai/ lii. 

69 [Piers] the holy vangelye gan him vndo. c1g40 in 
aes Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot (1679) 36 To the most nota- 
ble slaunder of Christs Holy Evangely. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 
u. x. 53 Christes Evangely. 1675 Case of Quakers conc. 
Oaths def. 47, 1. .submit myself principally to the Evangely 
of Jesus Christ. 1683 E. Hooker Pref = Pordage’s Mystic 
Div. 29 This Gopal is, this the Evangelie, 

b. In etymological sense: Glad tidings. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Serm. (Sel. Wks.) IL. 399 Evangeli is seid 
as good typing of blis : and bus not oonly bes foure gospels 
but epistlis of Poul..ben clepid Evangelies. ¢ 1449 K 
Repr. 1. xi. 54 If oure Euangelie is couered. 

2. The Gospel record ; = Evancrt! 2. Also a 
passage in the same. 

I Lanai. P. Pl. A. 1.174 Peos beb wordes I-writen 
In pe Ewangelye. c 1386 Cuaucer Medid. ? 113 As he him 
selfe recordeth in his Evaungelie. 1393 Lanot. P. PZ C, 
x11, 204 For clergie seith pat he seih in the seynt euangelie, 
That, etc. o- Harpinc Chron, txxxvu, Thou vnder- 
standest full litill theuangilye. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour 
Lij, Jhesus Cryst sayd in theuangely that, etc. 1583 
Stusses Anat, Abus, (1877-9) 120 Our Sauiour Christ Iesus 
..in his weg wo the sixt of Mathew, saith. 

b. One of the Four Gospels; = EVANGEL 2 b. 

1393, Lanai. P. Pl. C. xvi. 45 Penne cam scripture, And 
seruede hem pus sone of sondrie metes menie, austyn, 
[of] ambrosie, of all pe foure euangelies. ? a 1400 Chester 
Pi. 210 Austyne .. his —_ upon Saynte John Evan- 
eye. 1513 Brapsnaw St, Werburge 1. 2854 Rehersed by 

athewe, in his evangely. 1529 Latimer 1st Serm. on the 

Card 1. 5 Christ .. left be hind for our safeguard .. the 

ron heey Treat. eos That hee sy of Jhon 

1 ‘om, veat.(1 5. the Euan; jon 
ena ate into Englishe a as forsayde rid 

qT — taken to mean ‘ evangelist *, (The older 
texts have exangelist, wangeliste.) 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 13977 (Trin.) Als tellep luke be euangele. 

3. As an object to swear upon. a. f/. A copy 
of the Four Gospels; cf. Evancrn! 3. b. sing. 
used collectively; The Gospels. 

1494 Fapyan vit. 548 And I swere vpon the holy Euaun- 


EVANISH. 


ith my handys towchyd, 
7 a ite ey 1859) 79 Whosoever Sil 
weareth himself upon Christs Holy Bvangey. 
arRison England u. v. (1877) 1. 123 You +. Swear 
upon the holy evangelies by you bodily touched. 
Evanid (ive'nid), @. Obs. or arch. Also 7 
evanide. [ad. L. @wanid-us vanishing, related to 
evanescére: see EVANESCE.] 

1. Vanishing away; of short duration; evan- 
escent, fleeting, transient. 

1626 Bacon Sylva (7631) § 389 The Smell of the Flower is 
rather Euanide and Weaker than in the Leaues. 1664 
Evetyn Sylva bet ba This delicate and evanid flower 


{the Jasmine LANVILL Sceps. Sci. xxii. 139 As great 
a di as eben eiicn, aod om cavemen 
evanid Meteor. 


uJ 
u steor. Burnet 39 A7#. i. (1700) ES tomo 
Animal Spirits are of such an Evanid and Subtile Nature. 
ax71t Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 140 Ye trifling 
Honours. .are th’ evanid Bubbles of Mankind. 1751 CHAM- 
Bers Cyci. s.v., Some authors .. usethe.. term to express 


those flowers of plants whose petals fall off as soon as the 
are . 1835 W. A. Butier in Blackw. Mag. XX XVII. 
857 t misty veil Evanid, disenshrouding field and grove, 


Left us, a mirror of each heavenly hue. 

2. Faint, weak. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v1. xii. 338 The decoctions 
of simples..are dead and evanid without the commixtion 
of Alume Argol, and the like. 1 Warscrton Div. 
Legat. 1. vi. (ed. 4) 94 How evanid is it [Dr. Shuckford’s 
r ing], therefore, when applied to a prophet under the 
impulse of inspiration. 

. = EMPHATICAL 5. 

1663 BoyvLe Exp. on Colours 1. iv, A difference betwixt 
these apparent colours and those that are wont to be 
esteemed genuine, as to the duratign, which has induced 
some learned men to call the former rather evanid than fan- 
tastical. 178 Cuameers Cyc/. s.v., Evanid colours are the 
same with those otherwise called fantastical, and emphati- 
cal colours. 

Hence Eva‘nidness. Ods. 

1659 H. More /mmort. Soul (1662) 151 Fooleries .. that 
pinch our Perception into such an intolerable evanidness, 
that, etc, 1731-6in Baitey. 1775 in Asn. 

Evanish (‘ve'nif),v. Forms : 5-6 evanesch, 
-isch, Sc. evanis, 7- evanish. [a. OF. evaniss-, 
lengthened stem of evanir, corresp. to It. svanire 
:—popular L. *exvdnire = class. L. @vdnescére: see 
EVANESCE. 

1. intr. To vanish out of sight, disappear from 
view: a. of objects present to the eye. 

1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 370 Then Criste euaneschede 
awey. 1 BeLLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xxxiii, Thay 
{heryings] be now evanist, for offence that is maid er} 
sum Sanct. 4 Me vitte in PAil. Trans. XLVIIL. 268 
A satellite, seen from the earth, ought to change its colour 
..and at last evanish in violet. a@18r3 A. Witson Poems, 
Foresters, At last the path evanishes from view. 
Browninc Dram. /dylis Ser. u. Muléykeh 99 And a leap 
indeed gave she, and evanished for ever more. 

b. of objects present only to the mind. 

1599 James I BaowA. paces ies 104 The people will con- 
ceiue .. pra-occupied conceits of the Kings inward inten- 
tion: which although with time .. it will euanish, by the 
euidence of contrary effects, yet interim patitur iustus. 
1604 Eart Stirtinc Avrora, li, My happinesse evanish’d 
with the sleepe. 1728 Ramsay Gent. S: wean oy) 

a 1813 
11s0n Poems, To T. Wotherspoon, When all these evan- 
ished and horror distressed me. L 

2. To vanish out of existence; to die away; to 
become dissipated or dispelled : said of both mate- 
rial and immaterial objects. Also with away. 

1597 Lowe Chi: . (1634) 84 That (Carbuncle) which ap- 
peareth and evanisheth away, is l. 1604 James I 
Counterbl, (Arb.) 5 pe his members shall become feeble. . 
and in the end.. he shall euanish in a Le’ 1629 
Rutnerrorp Lett. No. 4 (1862) 1. 44 A star, which going 
out of our sight, doth not die evanish, but shineth in 
another hemisphere. 1639 J. Corset Ungird. Scot. Arm. 
6 If hee [the king] at the beginning showne himselfe 
like a blazing Star, you had all evanished as smoak. 1790 
H. Bovp Ruins o Ai thens in Poet. Reg. (hota ss FS im- 


th Temneveon Poems 77 When thy light perisheth 
ing. t 
. ‘ae life Svanicheth, 1880 MasmnaD haf) Gaixs 1. 
§ 244 Servius holds. .that the evanishes if at the time 
it vests the legatee be still in fot, it 2 
Hence Eva‘nished ///. a., that has vanished, in 
senses of the vb. Eva‘nishing v//. sd., the action 
of the vb. EvanisH; an instance of the same, 
Eva‘nishing ///. a., that vanishes or disappears. 
Eva‘nishment, the action of evanishing, the fact 
of having evanished, disappearance. 
1818 Co.eripce Lit. Remains (1836) I. 204 When .. con- 
valescence has made its [the i nation’s] chilled and 
ished fig and landscap bl and live in 
scarlet, and snow white. 1829 iF Witson in Blackw. 
Mag. X&VI1. 544 It hangs in the abyss of the evanish’d lake. 
G. Tare in Johnston Nat. Hist. £. Bord. 1, “es 
now 


e 


describe the forms of evanished animal life. 16 
W. Srrutner True Happiness first is a vacuitie ; 
the second is a weaknesse; the third an evanishing. 


; an 
1797 Sir W. Scotrin Robberds Mem, W. Taylor (1843) I. 99 
her the evanishing of the deer. 1872 M. CoLuns Two 
P for a Peart il. x. 176 Ianthe’s evanishing caused 
the of Chessington to be more in love than ever, 1629 
Symmer Sfir. Posie 1. i.7 That evanishing shadow of seem- 
ing Charity. a Daum. or Hawtn. Brb?. Edin. Lectoré 
Wks. 222 Riches being momentary and 1886 
Pall Mall G, 14 July us He has pursued the a a 


ishing phantom of a Home Rule majority. 1797 . 
M. Dovestr Girl (1813) I. 174 On evanish- 
ment of her Sonn vislom, T. Hook G. Gurney viii, 


EVANITION. 


I contented myself with watching the evanishment of 
my bright star from the sphere which she adorned and 
illuminated. 1868 Browninc Ring & Bk. vu. 1728 May my 
evanishment for evermore Help further to relieve the heart. 

Evanition (evani‘fon). rare. [f. Evanisu, after 
the analogy of abolition, etc.; cf. OF. evanition.] 
Evanishment, disappearance. 

a 1797 H.Watrote Geo. // (1847) I. xii. 373 The numbness 
of that enchantment has been dispelled by the evanition of 
the talisman. 1817 T. Jerrerson Wit, (1830) IV. 304 The 
evanition of party dissensions has harmonized intercourse. 

Evansite (e'vanzait). Ax. [f. (Brooke) Evans 
who brought it from Hungary in 1855 +-ITE.] A 
hydrous phosphate of aluminium occurring in 
white reniform masses. 

1864 Phil. Mag. Ser. wv. XXVIII. 341. 1868 Dana Jin. 
585 Evansite .. moistened with sulphuric acid colors the 
flame green. Boe ‘ ares 

eveporabi lity (tvee:porabi'liti). [f. Evapor- 
ABLE: see -ITY.] The quality of being evaporable. 

1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem, 150 The force 
- spear from each liquid .. is proportionate to its evapor- 
ability. 

Evaporable (‘vz'porab'l), a. [f. L. évapora-re 
(see EVAPORATE v.) + -ABLE.] Capable of being 
evaporated, 

1541 R. CopLanp Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg., They haue 
but lytell blode, and theyr flesshe is largely euaporable. 
1635 Person Varieties 1. 51 Not all subtile humidity is 
eracereiee, but that of water only. @1691 Bove Efiuvinms 
vi. Wks. 1772 III. 675 A far more evaporable and dissipable 
kind of bodies than minerals. 1758 Frankiin Ws. (1840) VI. 
216 —, frequently of a thin evaporable liquor. 1831 
Brewster Oftics xii. 102 Placing a thick film of an evapor- 
able fluid upon a clean plate of glass, 1881 Standard 
18 Nov. 5/3 The frightful holocaust..at Abergele. .was due 
to an oil by no means evaporable. 


+ Eva‘porate, fa. pple. and ppl. a. Obs. [ad. 
L. évaporat-us, pa. pple. of évapard-re: see next.] 
= EVAPORATED. 

1607 TopsELt Serpents (1658) 599 All the humour acquired, 
is consumed into a loose and evaporate flesh. 1671 True 
Nonconf. 259 That both your Reason and Religion are 
evaporat. 1730 THOMSON Autumn 1210 The filmy threads 
Of dew evaporate. , 

Evaporate (ive'péreit), v. Also 6 evaperatt, 
7 -ourate. [f. late L. apdrat- ppl. stem of éva- 
pora-re, f. é out + vapor, vapor-ts steam, VAPOUR. 
Cf. Fr, évaporer.] 

1. trans. To convert or tum into vapour; to 
convert from a solid or liquid into a gaseous state ; 
to drive off in the form of vapour. Said both of 
natural and personal agents. Zo evaporate + in 
or zzto: to change by evaporation 27/0. 

1555 Even Decades 336 Euaporatynge the quickesyluer 
from it in a styllatory a glasse. = James I Counterdl. 
(Arb.) 104 The raynie cloudes are often transformed and 
euaporated in blustering winds. a 1648 Dicsy Closet Open. 
(1677) 18 Clove gilly flowers must never be boiled in the liquor: 
that evaporateth their spirits. 1794 J. Hutton Philos. Light, 
&c. 193 When we expose such a boty to a burning heat. .the 
aqueous part is evaporated, 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. 
(1814) 64 In the leaves much of the water of the sap is 
evaporated. 1836 Emerson Nat., Commodity Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 144 The wind sows the seed; the sun evaporates the 
sea, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp, xxxvi. (1856) 325 The snow 
began to move, and fell, leaving a moist stain, is was 
either evaporated or frozen instantly. 

- IWS: 

1616 Pasguil § Kath. ut. 250 Blacke sorrow, nurse of 

laints .. Euaporate my spirit with a sigh, That it may 

urrie after his sweet breath. 1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. iil. 
(1851) 111 Evaporating and exhaling the internall worship 
into empty conformities and gay shewes. 1647 May /ist?. 
Parl.1.vii.73 They would evaporate and dis-spirit the power 
and vigour of Religion. 1877 L. Tottemacue in Fortn. 
Rev. Dec. 846 Did the Jews .. dream of spiritually evapor- 
ating the plain prediction about David? 

2. intr. To become vapour; to pass off or be- 
come dissipated in vapour. Also + Zo evaporate to. 

1 Maptet Gr. Forest 10 Being put into the fornace 
[this metal] doth not euaporate. .neyther doth it lesse of hys 
waight. x60r Hottanp P/iny xu. 1.(R.), The sweet odour 
..- would evaporate and soone be lost. 1683 Petrus Fleta 
Min. 1. (1686) 122 If such an earthen Jug should crack .. 
the Quicksilver will be lost, and will evaporate to smoak. 
1698 Kemi Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 155 They [animal 
liquors] must evaporate and be cotaled by the extreme 
heat. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. (1776) I. 369 Water is known 
to evaporate more powerfully in the severest frost, than 
when the air is moderately warm. 1858 LarpNer Hand-bk. 
Nat. Phil.. Heat 319 There is no temperature, however 
low, at which water will not evaporate. : 

3. fig. a. Of things: To pass off like vapour ; 
to be wasted or dissipated. Const. c/o. 

@ 1631 Donne in Sedect, (1840) 116, I shall have a joy, which 
shall no more evaporate, than my soul shall evaporate. 1649 
SELDEN Laws Eng, i. xxxiii. (1739) 149 Much of the Riches 
of the Nation evaporated into the ars both Civil and 
Foreign. 21748 Swirt (J.), The enemy takes a surer way to 
consume us, by letting our courage evaporate against stones 
and rubbish. 1781 Gipson Dect. & F. (1869) II. xlii. 584 
These hostile menaces evaporated without effect. 1833 
Lams Elia Ser. u1, iv. (1865) 263 By this subtle vent half of 
the hatefulness of the character evaporates. 1862 Burton 
Bk, Hunter 211 His memory has utterly evaporated with 
the departure of his own generation. F 

b. humorously of persons: To become missing, 
vanish from sight or existence. 

1727 Pore, etc. Avé of Sinking 119 Any other person 
[than the hero of the poem] who may be lost and evaporate. 


331 


in the course of the work. 1797 Mrs. Rapciirre /talian 
vii, I would fain evaporate through that door myself. 1821 
Byron Let. to Moore 1 Oct., You should have more, if I 
evaporate [Z. e. die] within a reasonable time. 1865 DickENs 
Mut. Fr.. vi, Bob and Jonathan with similar meekness 
took their leave and evaporated. 

4. trans. To expose or subject to evaporation ; 
to drive off the liquid part of; to reduce by evapor- 
ation ¢o (a residuum, a denser state). Also adso/. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psexd. Ef. u. iii. 68 If the menstruum 
or dissolvent be evaporated toaconsistence. 1706 PHILLIPS 
(ed. Kersey), To Evaporate to a Pellicle. 1 G. SmitH 
Laborat. I. 435 Evaporate to the consistence af toney. 1838 
T. Tuomson Chem. Org. Bodies 536 Evaporate to dryness 
an alcoholic solution of the resin of guaiacum. 1877 W. 
Tuomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 33 For evaporating or heat- 
ing in flasks or beakers a small sand-bath .. has been found 
very useful. 

5. intr. To exhale moisture; to part with liquid 
particles by evaporation. 

1799 G. SmitH Ladorat. 1. 86 Let this solution evaporate 
over a fire until it becomes thickish. 1844-57 G. Birp Urin. 
Deposits (ed. 5) 149 If a solution of it be allowed to evapo- 
rate spontaneously on a glass plate. 1869 Roscor Zl. 
Chem. 191 A substance. .is dissolved in water, and the solu- 
tion allowed gradually to evaporate. 

+6. ¢rans. To emit in the form of vapour ; to give 
vent to, exhale; to lose (perfume, strength, etc.) 
by evaporation. Also adsol. Ods. 

161x CorGr., Spiracle, a hole to let ayre..in and out; 
also, a hole that euaporates a strong or pestilent ayre. 
@ 1631 Donne in Sedect. (1840) 192 By long lying they have 
exhaled, and evaporated, and breathed out all their gross 
matter. 1646 J. Hatt Poems 52 As flowers assoone as 
smelled at Evaporate, Even so this shadow, ere our eyes 
Can view it, flies. 1684 T. Burnet 7A. Earth II. 67 
After a gentle rain.. the warmth of the sun makes them 
[flowers] evaporate more freely. 1702 W. J. Bruyn’s Voy. 
Levant liv. 211 The Smoke of the Lamps is evaporated by 
three Funnels that are at the Roof. 1715 Leoni Padladio’s 
Archit. (1742) 1.46 Having vents .. through which the of- 
fensive smell is evaporated. s 

tb. fig. (Cf. Fr. évaporer la bile). 

1591 Horsey Zrav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 188 His stomake full 
of their treasonable purposes, must evaperatt somwhat for 
revenge. 1650-3 tr. Hales’ Dissert. de Pace in Phenix (1708) 
II. 370 Any one but him who. .hath quite evaporated, and 
breath’d out all charity. 1651 Relig. Wotton, (1685) 105 My 
Lord of Essex chose to evaporate his thoughts in a Sonnet. 
1711 AppIson Sfect. No.116 P8 It might conduce very much 
to evaporate the Spleen. 

+ 7. intr. To be emitted in the form of vapour; 
to be exhaled. Odés. 

1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde Y vj, Humors .. the 
whiche daylye and hourely, by vnsensyble swettinge, 
euaporatith and yssueth furthe, 1622 VENNER Via Recta 
2 Filthy vapours evaporating or breathing out of stand- 
ing pooles. 1694 Crowne Regulus 1. 8 A ghost? a damp 
evaporates from the word Which sickens me to death. 1799 
Med. Frnl. 1. 464 Rendering the syphilitic poison inert, 
the moment it begins to evaporate. 

+8. ¢rans. To subject to a vapour-bath; to 
steam. Obs. Cf. EVAPORATION 5. 

1610 BarroucH Meth, Physick 1. liii.(1639) 186 Moreover 
the wombe must be evaporated and fomented with odo- 
riferous things. 

Hence Eva‘porated Z/. a. 

1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon’s Anint. Chem. I. 52 Residue 
of evaporated whey, 78-0. 1870 Daily News 23 Sept., The 
Swiss and American preparations of evaporated ma 1875, 
H. Spencer First Princ. u.iv. § 52.173 The evaporated water 
..-may be brought by condensation to its original shape. 

Eva‘porating, v//. sd. [f. prec. +-1NG1.] 

1. The action of the vb. Evaporate; /¢t. and fig. 

1630 J. Taytor (Water-P.) Ws. 11. 253/1 Let it beea trade 
to practise..the gulpe, the euaporating or retention. 1663 
J. Spencer Prodigies Pref., The evaporating of Religion in 
the Doctrine thereof, into a multitude of perplext questions. 

2. attrib., as evaporating dish, furnace, power ; 
evaporating cone, an apparatus of Belgian in- 
vention, used in the sugar manufacture ; evapor- 
ating pan, in sugar and salt manufacture, a large 
shallow iron vessel in which the juice of the sugar- 
cane and the brine is evaporated. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech.,* Evaporating-cone. 1826 HENRY 
Elem. Chem. 1. 3 A shallow kettle of water, in which is 
placed the *evaporating dish and its contents. 1800 tr. 
Lagrange’s Chem. 1. 27 The *evaporating furnace .. serves 
not only for evaporation, but also for digestion, distillation, 
solutions, etc. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 14 A natural *evapo- 
rating pan for the production of salt. 1862 Smites Engineers 
II. 78 The *evaporating power of different kinds of fuel. 

Evaporating (iveporeitin), A4/. a. [f. as prec. 
+ -ING2,] That evaporates. 

1597 Pilgr. Parnass. v. 576 Such an ayre as is wonte to 
proceede from an evaporatinge dunghill in a summers 
daye. 1796 Morse Amer. Go. I. 60 [Evaporation] is 
greatly increased by a current of air or wind dowing over 
the evaporating surface. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea vii, 
§ 355 An evaporating region at sea. 

Evaporation (ivz:porzi-fon). Also 4 -cion, 
7 evaperation., [a. Fr. évaporation, ad. L. évapa- 
ration-em, n. of action f, 2vapord-re: see Evapo- 
RATE v.] 

1. The action or process of conversion into va- 

our; the action of passing off in vapour; an 
instance of this. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv1. vii. (1495) 556 Quycke 
syluer passyth out by evaporacion in sethyng and in smok- 
ynge. 1616 Sure. & Marku. Conntry Farme 480 The oyle 
also[is] kept the better from euaporation. 1799 Kirwan Geo/. 


EVAPORIMETER. 


Ess. 48 The great evaporation that took place soon after the 
creation, as soon as the solids began to crystallize. 1802 
Pavey Nat. Theol. xxi. § 1 (1819) 330 By evaporation, water 
is carried up into the air. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. 
ii. (1814) 37 Cold is produced during evaporation. 1871 B. 
Stewart /eat § 110 Evaporation, wherea liquid is converted 
into a gas quietly, and without the formation of bubbles. 

1824 Byron Yuan xvi. ix, The evaporation of a joyous day 
Is like the last glass of champagne. 1852 GLADSTONE Glean. 
IV. xliii. 174 It cannot be imposed upon the agent by a third 
party without the instant evaporation of all its savour. 

2. The action or process of driving off the liquid 
part of a substance in the form of vapour, by 
means of heat; an instance of the same, 

1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 32/2 The Solution..would part 
with its Salts but very sparingly, without Evaporation. 1838 
T.THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 652 These alternate filtrations 
and evaporations. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 23 When obtained 
by evaporation from alcohol [Bilin] reddens litmus paper. 
1854 Ronatps & Ricuarpson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 277 
The most simple method of evaporation ..is to place the 
liquid in a pan or vessel immediately over a fire. 1875 Ure 
Dict. Arts U1. 945 s.v. Sugar, The next process in sugar- 
refining is the evaporation of the clarified syrup to the 
granulating or crystallising point. 

3. The action or process a. of exhaling moisture ; 
+b. of emitting (breath, fire, etc.); ~e. of per- 
spiring insensibly. Also fg. 

a@. 551 Turner Herbal 1. O iij b, If it [Daucus] be layde 
wythout it wyll greatly dryue furth by euaporation. 1669 
Boye Contn. New Exp. 1. (1682) 184 The great Evapora- 
tion I have observed even in Winter, of Fruits. 1807 J. E. 
Situ Phys. Bot. 186 The use of a tin box..for the purpose 
of restraining the evaporation of plants. 1887 H. M. Warp 
tr. Sachs’ Phys. Plants 1. xxv, 227 Evaporation takes place 
through the leaves. 

b. 15399 Haxiuyt Voy. I]. 1. 333 Euen in the sea are seen 
euaporations of fire. 1599 SANDYS Europe Spec. (1632) 124 
The best way..is to let the good men chide a while hartily 
together. .so necessarie are these evaporations to the minds 
of the multitude. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. m1. 
xxi, 161 The fuligenous exhalations wanting evaporation 
recoyle upon the flame and choake it. 1754 JoHNsoNn Ad- 
venturer No. 137 ® 4 To reckon the hours laid out in these 
compositions as .. suffered to fume away in useless evapor- 
ations. 

Cc. 1626 Bacon Sylva (1631) § 968 Soin Pestilent feuers, the 
Intention is to expell the Infection by Sweat and Euapoura- 
tion. 1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Evaporation. .In Physick, 
a discharging of Humours through the Pores of the Body. 
1721-1800 in BalLey. : 

4. concr. The product of the evaporating process ; 
exhalation, fumes ; the amount evaporated. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 35 b, Pollio prolonged his 
lyfe certayne dayes with the evaporation of honye. 1605 
Time Quersit. 11. 151 Such heates. .doe proceed out of the 
spirits only, either niterous or sulphurus, lifted up into 
euaporations. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 57 The best 
Glasses .. would not represent to me, the evaporations of 
Camphire. 1695 Woopwarp Nat, Hist. Earth (J.), Evapo- 
rations are at some times greater, according to the greater 
heat of the sun. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 245 The 
nocturnal emanations of leaves, and continual evaporations 
of flowers and of fruits, do not diminish in quality in winter 
..only in quantity. 1856 StanLey Sivai & Pal. vii. (1858) 
290 The lake, with the. . mist of its own evaporations floating 
over its surface. 

Jig. 1606 Proc. agst. Traitors in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) 
III. 20 This letter should prove to be nothing but the eva- 
poration of an idle brain. 1655 FuLLer Ch. fist. 1. iv.§ 5 
The vain evaporations of his discontentment. 

+65. Medical treatment by means of vapour; 
concr. vapour, a vapour-bath. Ods. 

[1585 Liovp yeas. Health F v, Euaporatio is when the 
diseased membre is holden in y* hote vapour of some decoc- 
tyon.] 160r HoLtanp Pliny II. 424 Good it is to apply 
spunges to those accidents and infirmities of the body which 
require euaperation. 1610 Barroucu Meth. Physick wt. 
Ixil. (1639) 198 If the evill be waxed old, you, must use 
suffumigations, and evaporations made of aromatick things. 

6. attrib., as evaporattion-gage. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Evaporation-gage, a graduated 
glass measure .. to determine the ratio of evaporation in a 
given exposure. 


Evaporative (‘ve'porctiv), a. [f. EvaporaTE 
v.+-IVE; cf. Fr. &vaporatif, -ve, late L. evagor- 
ativ-us.| Pertaining to or producing evaporation. 

1668 Witxins Real Char. 341. 1823 CoLeripcr Rem. 
(1836) II. 371 The evaporation .. froze the fluid at the two 
ends, that is, at a given distance from the greatest intensity 
of the evaporative process. 1887 PadZ Madi G. 7 Dec. 12/t 
The average evaporative power of petroleum was found to 
be 9-82 Ibs. of water per Ib. of fuel. 

Evaporator (‘ve poreiter). [f. as prec. + -oR.] 

1. One who or that which evaporates. ; 

1883 Carrp in Scotsman 23 Nov. 9/7 A scepticism which 
evaporates all thought, at the same time evaporates the 
sceptical evaporator. : A 

2. spec. Any apparatus for evaporating solutions, 
drying fruits, etc. 

1827 Farapay Chem. ie f xxiv. 629 A bent tube evapo- 
rator. 1850 Nat. Encycl. XI. 594/1 A series of evaporating 
coppers or pans..These evaporators are placed over a long 
flue, etc. 1888 Pall Mali G. 9 May 12/1 An evaporator .. 
which, besides drying fruit, may be used to bake and roast. 

Evapori‘meter. Also -ometer. [f. Evaror- 
ATION + -(I)METER, Gr. pérpov measure. Cf. Fr. 
évaporométre.| An instrument for measuring the 
quantity of a liquid evaporated in a given time ; 
an atmometer. i 

1828 WessteR cites ¥rul. Science, Evaporometer. 1876 
Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. 396 Evaporimeter. aa Nature 

=2 


EVAPORIZE. 
XXIV. 387 An as = constant level has been 


recently described b: Fornioni. 
Yee port), v. [f. ¥ fee 
VaporizE.]= Evaporate v, 1. Zt. and haw 

1832 H. Wason Ess. & Lect. (862) I. IL 35% t wae 
over the fire in a boiler, and the fire will 
water. 1836 I. TayLtor Phys. Th. Another Life bss) (1858) ot 
In worlds where our bodies would instantly congeal, or 
would as suddenly be evaporized. 

us, a. Obs, [f. EVAPoR-ATE + -0US.] 
Of the nature of an evaporation. 

1694 E. Hattey in PAil. Trans, XVIII. 184 The evaporous 
effluvia of Water. 

+ Eva‘pour, v. Os. In 6-7 evapore, 7 -oure. 
[a. Fr. évapore-r, ad. late L. evapor-are: see Eva- 
PORATE @. . 

1. trans. To send up in vapour; to emit. 

1615 G. Sanpys Trav. (1632) 243 /£tna .. black clouds 
euaporeth to skies. 

2. intr. To be exhaled or given out like a vapour ; 


= Evaporate v. 6 b. Dele a ean 
1545 Raynorp 2 h Me 3 e yealo' swet 
wien euaporith pitta from the skin of thinfant whylst 
it is in the womb. x61 pte s.v. Eau [as in Raynold]. 
1612 SturTEvANT Metallica (1854) 96 No..unsauory smells 

— oure out ~ 7s resse through them. 
. trans. To subject to a vapour bath; 


Heh Obs. 

1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. u. xiii. 60 It_sufficeth 
than to evapore the mattier by the decoction of thynges 
anodyne (that is to say) whiche take away yne. 

Evasible (¢véi'sib’l), a . evas- ppl. 
stem of cvddére to EVADE + -IBLE.] Capable of 
being evaded. 

18.. Ocitvie cites Eclectic Rev. 

Evasion (‘véi-zan). Also 5 evasyown, 6 eva- 
cion, -tion. [a. Fr. évasion, ad. late L. evasion-em, 
n. of action f. 2vadére: see EVADE.] 

The action of escaping from confinement or 
danger ; escape. 

Now rare, exc. in writers influenced by Fr. usage. 

1460 Capcrave Chron. 306 Al that tyme fro his [Oldcastle’ 's] 
evasion [from the Tower] about Myhilmesse onto the Ephi- 
hanie. 1601 Br. Bartow Def. Prot. Relig. 175 By hope of 
euasion from Purgatorie in time. 1612 £ Taytor Comm. 
Titus iii. 4 In any miserie we shall haue assured felicitie.. 
in temptation assurance of euasion. 16; . FLETCHER 
Purple Isl. 1. xi, The next fair river . opping the hill, 
breaks forth in fierce evasion. 1779 J. “Moore View Soc. 
Fr. Il. lii. 29 Contemplating the happy evasion he had 
made from the cabinets at Frankfort. 1834 Blackw. Mag. 
XXXV. 618 An account of the evasion of Louis XVI, and 
the arrest of the unfortunate monarch at Varennes. 1871 
H. Ainswortu Tower Hill n, x, The plan of evasion was 
frustrated by the prisoner’s irresolution. 

+b. Means, opportunity, or way of escape. Ods. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 271 [God] in the midst 
of the Temptation will make such an evasion, as, etc. 
Heywoop Brazen Age Wks. 1874 III. 211 Ere you enwrap 
your selfe into these perils, Whence there is no_euasion. 
1650 Sc. Metr. Ps. Ixxxviii. 8 So Shut up, that I find no 
evasion for me. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s Anc. Hist, (1827) IX. 250 
The unhappy woman, who found herself without evasion or 
resource, swallowed the draught. 

2. The action of avoiding or escaping (a blow, 
missile, pursuit, etc.) by artifice or contrivance. 

1657 S. Purcnas Pol, Flying-/ns. 11 Ina storm they [Bees] 
will help themselves by flying under the Lee-side of an 
hedge, [etc.].. But if it bee a plain Champaign Country, 
where evasions avail nothing; then, etc. 1822 ForsyTu 
Roland's Mod. Art Fencing 201 Evasion means to avoid 
being reached by a thrust, even when you are near enough 
to receive it. ; ae 

3. The action of evading (a duty, law, requisi- 
tion, an argument, charge, etc.); dodging, pre- 
varication, shuffling. Also, an instance of this. 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M.1.i. 51 No more euasion: We 
haue with leauen’d, and prepared choice Proceeded to you, 
therefore take your honors. 1 Marvett Reh. Transp. 
1. 139 Perhaps he said so only for evasion, 1685 H. More 
Paralip. Proph. 447 There is no evasion from the strength 
of this Argument. 1711 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 
III. 210 But this I looked on as Evasion. 1746 Westry 
Princ. Methodist 9, 1 have found this in many | of you, i.e. 
much subtlety, much Evasion and Disguise. 33 Burke 
Rep. Affairs India Wks. XI, 53 He was ord at once to 
furnish 5,000 horse. .‘on evasion’ he was declared a My rage 
of treaties. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. pads V. 376 To do it. 
artifice and evasion. 1846 Pye ptcobe ‘erd. & Js. 1, vii. 326 
If the prisoner. .was , he was sub 
to the torture. a 1862 —, Misc. Wis. (1872) L. 71, I 
deem anonymous ae every kind to be an evasion 
of responsibility. 1868 J Buunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 59 The 
king’s licence for the evasion of the act. 

The means of evading ; an evasive argument, 
shuffling excuse, subterfuge. 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. i. 112 And be the text pai 
decerne all thai casis, but exceptyown : By that is nane eva- 
syown, @ sg Farce Disput. Purgat., 1 say that this their 
evasion is nothing worth. es ARBECK Bk. of Notes 
669 The prohibition goeth before the vowe, wherefore this 
euation can haue no place. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 
U1. xiii. not be 118 The meaner sort have no evasion why 
should not be counted mad. 1777 Prrestiey Philos. Necess. 
rs 19 <u such poor ions do some p think to sh 

emselves from the force of conviction. 1845 S. AusTIN 
Ranke’ Hist. Ref. 1. 451 A miserable evasion, which did 
not in the least touch the assertion of his ad 1874 
Green Short Hist. iv. 171 The towns. .could ly force 
the se by evasions and delays to a com 


promise, 
sane sense: Going out, exit, 


to 


sallying Oy hong rar 


1613 | 


332 


frat World comes  ayhany fan pi to 605 And from this the 


Inhabited, Every 

Family seeking meee 1669 FLAMsTrep in Rigaud 
Corr. Me Men a) I. 81 In costae tr gee i to ob- 
the and their evasions 


serve 
fom the moon's superficie Many Ens Gvecay Baeome Tar- 
tars Wks. IV. 144 the Kalmuck evasion should prosper. 

Evasive (ivz'siv), 2. [ad. Fr. évasif, -ive, f. 
L. aas- ppl. stem of évadére (see EVADE) + -IVE.] 

1. Of persons: Seeking to evade; addicted to 
evasion, shuffling. 

Be energy pacts ee 

wer'd evasi t! est. 

Paey ree Phitoe (2828) II. ps The. Aa ot 
will be employed, in ference to .. the fraudulent, — 
evasive. 1794 Burke S/. agst. W. Hastings Wks. XV 
He had been dilatory, evasive, shuffling, unwillin 
that which, however unwilling, evasive, and shu! 


Thus he, though conscious of the 


to pay 
ing, he 


did ig PO: 
f actions or utterances: Tending to evasion ; 
containing or characterized by evasion. Const. of. 

1744 Berkecey Siris § 107 Though evasive arts will, it is 
feared, prevail so long as Tistilled spirits of — kind are 
allowed. 1772 Ann. Reg. 20/2 Terms apparently inoffensive, 
and evasive of their real and essential ing. 
Sueriwan Sch, Scand. m1. i, He has received nothing a 
evasive promises of future service. 1820 Scotr Monast. 
xi, Objections which the Sub-Prior treated as evasive. — 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 451 The president, fr os 
taken by surprise, stammer 

3. Elusive, evanescent. 

1881 C. De Kay Vision of Nimrod vi. 113 Above the 
cities of the plain the tender Evasive strains dropt gently 
from the sky. 

4. as sb. An evasive phrase or speech. 

1734 Nortu Exam. (1740) 90 The Party. . followed their 
Game full Cry .. without much Trouble about Precautions 
and Evasives. /éid. 399 What may not be said and wrote, 
if this Author’s Evasives may pass such as—it seems, many 
believed? 

Hence Eva‘sively acv., in an evasive manner, 
by an evasion. Eva‘siveness, the quality of 
being evasive. 

Battey (folio), Evasively, craftily, deceitfully. a 1804 
J. Bryant (T.), 1 answered evasively, or at least indeter- 
minately. 

uestions were put, and were evasively answered. 1883 
Rates of Supreme Crt. Order xix. 1. 19 When a party . 
denies an allegation of fact.. he must not do so evasively. 

30-6 Baitey (folio), Evasiveness, evading quality. 1863 
Gas. Euior Romola un. xxvii, That self-justifying evasive- 
ness into which he was often hurried in public. 1877 
Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser. u. 288 Most recent controversies 
are marked by obliqueness, evasiveness, a shiftiness of 
issue. 

_ 1 Evaso rious, z. Ods. rare—'. [as if f. L. 

*cvasor, agent-n. f. évadére (see EVADE) + -(1)0US: 


out a few evasive phrases. 


| cf. censorious.] = EVASIVE. 


1687 H. More Contn. Remark. Stor. (1689) 439 ‘The ter- 
giversations of the Incredulous, and their evasorious Pre- 
tences. 

Eve (iv), s/.1 Forms: (3 heve, 4 ave), 6-7 
eeve, (7 eave, yeave), 3—- eve. [var. of EVEN sé. 
(orig. 2 syll.); for the loss of the final 2 cf. morrow. 

1.=Eventne 6.1 Lit, and fig. poet. or rhetoric 

a 1250 Owl & Night. 432 Thu singest from eve fort a mor3e. 
c 1300 St. Bisaian 214 The foweles tho hit eve was, bi- 
gonne here evesong. 1393 Lanct. P. Pl. C. vi. 117 On 
saterday at eue. c 1430 Lypc. Bochas 1x. xxvii. (1554) 209 a, 
The fayre day men do prayse at eue. 1632 Mitton L’Ad- 
legro 130 Such sights as youthful ig: —— On summer 
eves by haunted stream. 1667 — 43 From Noon 
to dewy Eve. 1642 Howe. For. Tpoe ix. (Arb.) 47 The 
yeaue of the Conquering of France, is the morning of the 
Conquest of England. 1728 THomson Spring 19 Winter oft 
at Eve resumes the breeze. 1801 —— Thalaba vul. 
ii, In the light of the setting eve. Hr. Martineau 
Charmed Sea i. 4 To tell the tale tom eve to morning, 
from morning to eve again. 

2. The evening, and hence usually the day before 
a Saint’s day or other church festival. Hence gen. 
the evening, or the day, before any date or event. 

¢ 1290 Lives Saints (1887) 76 In be monbe of Teneuer : 
a-seint Fabianes eue. c 1330 Arth. & Merl. 5391 The king 
ther stode with his meine On a ap aue. 1480 
Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxvi. 231 In the same yere (1340) 
on mydsomer eue kyn, — bygan to sayll toward 
fraunce. 1548 Hatt Chron. 82b, Ghristmas eve. 157% 
Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 1a a3rd of August being Saint 
Bartholomewes Eeve. a Br. b. Durra Rules to Devo- 
tion (J.), Let the immediate — day be kept as the 
eve to this great feast. 1996 one tr. St. Pierre's 
Stud. Nat. (1799) 111. 692 tolling of bells .. on the eve 
of the funeral, on the day of it, and the last day of the eo 
1828 Scorr F. M. Perth iii, A father’s blessing and St. 
Valentine’s, whose blessed eve this chances to be. 1852 Miss 
Yonce Cameos II. viii. 1o2 On the eve of the New Year 

0 he [Chandos] set forth to retake the town of St. Salvin. 
1884 Biunt Annot. Bk. Com. a 118 All Festivals have 
Eves, including Sundays, but onl y some have Vigils. 

ig. CLARENDON Contempt. on Ps. Tracts (1727) 497 

only ge nalisaceeteab vanes eve to an everlasting 


3. trans/. The time immediately preceding some 
event, action, etc. Chiefly in hres To be on or 
upon the eve of. 

1780 ES eopraertnad Wks. 1859 I. 269 We are upon 

the eve o! @ new arrangement as to our commissary’s and 

peoage master's departments, 1793 Smeaton Edystone 

#253 Bein now arrived at the eve of —— A. 
‘elson 165 The hull on the eve of sinking. . 

Marryat in Parl. Ded. 642 It was proposed to pass poe 

bill just when they were upon the eve of a general Soctiod. 


EVECTION. 


B Holy R. ys ed. 
1875, Sened ex@ibemaeticing tose t0 Cnc 2) 90 Tien seman 

4. attrib. and Comb., chiefly in pong I, as eve- 
repast, -time; also eve-feast a feast on the even- 
ing before a festival or holy day: eve-tide = 
EVENTIDE; eve-weed (see quot.). Also. Eve- 
= -JAR, -SONG, -STAR. 

1711 Bunce. Sj No. 161 2 A Country W: which 
dekaor most Passa ak Mien is the * Eve; ‘east of 
the Dedication of our 1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 466 
ot tay oma 1382 Wyc.ir 

euetid sterre [2388 
heen cies c 
+ Glouc. (x724) II. 484 Quene Alionore . . i 


fl copaed In nL Clore er te 

HE ated ee Sa 
ree 

Ybid. 7860. x 


in Hearne 


evening. 
Eve, 5.2 slang or dial. (See quots.) 
1725 New Cant. Dict., Eves, Hen-Roosts. 1847-78 Hat- 
LIwELL, £ve, a hen-roost. 
+ Eve, v.1 Obs. rare. [f. Eve sb.1] trans. To 
be the Evx (sense 2) of; to in precede. 
W. Berkey Lost Lady 1. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley X11. 


site: _— that eves the day of marriage. 
lar (now 
. dialects 


Eve, v.” dial. [repr. yeve, the 
obs.) southern form of Give. In mi 

gtve is used in same sense.] intr. To become 
moist or damp (cf. quots.). 

7: in HAuuwat, 1863 W. Barnes Dorset Gloss. 
S.Vey shall ha’ rain: the stwones do eve.’ 1880 £. Cornw. 
Gloss. s. v., A stone floor is said to eve before wet weather. 

Eve, var. of Eave. 
1746 W. Horstey Fool (1748) 1. 29 A Stone Cornice. .which 
. would make a pretty Eve over the Kitchen Windows. 
“B-ve-churr. Also 7 -churre, 8 -chair, -chier, 
-chur. [f. Eve sd.'+ CHURR: see Cuvrr-worm.} 
+1. The Mole-Cricket ; also called Churr-worm, 


1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 502 Searching | Fen-cricket. ? Obs. 


"1658 Rowtanp Moufet’s Theat. Ins. 1018 Of the Fen- 
Kricket, the Eve-churre, or the Chur-worm .. we may call 
it Gryllotalpa; aMole-kricket. 1668 WiLxins Read Char. 
u. v. §2 Fen-Cricket, Evechurr, Churr-worm. 1721-1800 
Battey, Eve-churr, a "Worm. 1726 [see CHuRR-worm]. 


2. The Nightjar, Caprimulgus europeus. Cf. 


CHURN-OWL. 
1837 Maccituivray Hist. Brit. Birds U1. 1885, 
Seiten Provinc. Names Brit. Birds (E. D. 33%, 1890 
Daily News 15 July 5/1 He is still a bird of many names. 
Some, like nightjar, eve-churr..are suggestive of his yoice. 

‘veck. Ods. Also 6 evecke, 6-7 evick(e. 

[Of unknown origin ; not connected with L. zdex. 

The Welsh ewig, earlier ewic, means a sort of deer; but 
—_ cate ace a us that it = eee "used 
vaguely ; if this word was adopted into Eng. Higgins may 
have been misled by the fancy of an etymological connexion 
with #bex.) 

= quots.) 

IP Hicers tr. Funius’ i 50 Ibex. .a kind 
of wild goate, and supposed to be that — they seg =e 
euecke. 160r HoLLanp Péiny vin. liii. 1. 23x Amon; 

[the goats kind] you shall have the roe basis, the 
the as goat called the Eveck [L. pea cx61r iocemoom 
Iliad w. 122 The evicke [aig aypvos] skipping from a 
Ev ten(e, var. f, EVENCHRISTIAN, Ods. 
Evectant (‘vektant). Math. [f L. évect- (see 
Evector) + -ant.] A contravariant formed by 
operating upon an invariant or contravariant wi 


an evector. ; cnn 
S. Hi A erie 99 discovery of evect- 
3 Hermite ges Com ‘ath. Frui. vi. «ge 
ppl. a. rare, gt L, evect- pp 


a tube: Turned outwards, trumpet: rit ge 


io a nail ’s shell)..is provided with an evected 

r margin. 

Tivectic, a dictionary of Evrcric. 
Evection (/vekfon). [ad. - &vection-em, n. of 


pe f. @vehdre to carry out, f. 2 out + vehdre to 


_ 1 ponent — ete 359 


the ‘avon ’s longi- 

tude (see quot. "787 

FE aoe i maptch cbr (ed esp! , Evection, or Libration of the 
oon 


one aaron une Saar coin’ es 


of the moon, by which, chat her guar, er mean place 
differs from her — one opposition. about ae 

her conjunction and Philo aie 

Fal, b ix. 4s/x (Usef. Poow woes 3 

to! 

ist. Induct. Se. 1. 


celebrated 

wards called by Bulhialdus evection. 

Hotpven Astron. 163 The disturbi 

Uc of whih he estare 

Boe: 

b, Alleged fo have co ga om 
H 

space 4796 Str hack i re 


EVECTIONAL. 


+38. Evection of heat: the diffusion of heated 
particles through a fluid in the process of heating 
it; convection. Ods. 

Eve'ctional, a. [f. prec.+-a.] Relating or 
belonging to the evection. 

Eve'ctor. J/ath. [Agent-n. from L. gehire 
(see Evxorron).] An operator formed by substi- 
tating the differential operators d/da,, d/da,, d/day, 
etc. for the coefficients a, 2a,, $7(7-1) a, etc. of 
a binary quantic. 

Eve-dropper, obs. form of EAVES-DROPPER. 

1704, Gentleman Instr. (1732) 181 (D.) Soldiers .. may be 

ilty of thefts as eve-droppers or cut-purses. 
“ve-ee'l. dial. (See quots.) 

1831 Agric. Survey Forfarsh. (Jam.), Muraena conger ; 
conger eel .. the name seems familiar even to the common 
people 5 they call it Eve-eel. 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word- 

k., Eve-eel, a northern name for the conger; from the 
Danish hav-aal, or sea-eel, 

Evveish, a. nonce-wd. [f. Eve the first woman 
+-1sH!.] Like Eve; curious. 

1754 RicHarpson Grandison vi. 210 (D.), I saw it was a 
long letter; I felt very Eveish, my dear. 

ve-jar. [f. Eve sd.1 + Jar.]=Evecuurr 2. 

1789 G. Wuite Selborne (1853) 356 A notion that the fern- 
owl or eve-jarr..is very injurious to weanling calves. 1883 
Hamipsh. Gloss., Eve-jar, the goat-sucker. 

Evel, obs. form of Evin. 

Eveles, var. form of Evituess, a. Obs. 

|| Hvelié, a. Obs. rare—'. [a. Fr. éveillé, f. 
éveiller to awake.] Wide awake, sprightly. 

1676 Etuerepce Man of Mode w. i, A pretty kind of 
young woman..more evelié than our English women com- 
monly are. | 

E've-like, a. [f. Zve the first woman + LikE a@.] 
Resembling Eve, or her characteristics. 

a@171r Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 213 To all the 
Daughters of laps’d Eve, Eve-like Concupiscences cleave. 

+ Everll, v. Ods. vare—'. [ad. L. Gvell-cre, f. 
out + vellére to pluck.] ¢vans. To pluck, pick 
(a flower). 

od Tomunson Renou’s Disp. 500 The flowers being 
evelled, new ones grow not again that year. 

Evelles, var. form of EvILLEss, Obs, 

Evelong: see EVENLONG. 

Even (7v’n), sd... Forms: 1 &fen, fan, 
Mercian 6fen, Northumbr. éfern, 2-3 wefen, 2 
afen, 3 Orm. efenn, 3-6 eaven, (3 #ven, aven, 
5 evon, 3even, -yn), 4-6 evin, -yn, ewin, -yn, 
6 (heven), eeven, (9 dial. eem),3- even. Also 
contracted 7 eevn, ev’n, 9 dial. e’en. See also 
Eve. [OE. #fen, éen, fern, neut. and masc., 
cogn. with OFris. dvond, éwnd, OS. dband (Du. 
avond), OHG. dband (MHG. dédent, mod.G. 
abend) masc.; perh. also with the synonymous 
ON. aptann, aftann (Sw. afton, Da. aften), though 
this may be of different origin, cogn. with AFTER. 
The OE. forms appear to agree only in the root 
(OAryan é@p or éh) with the other Teut. forms: 
the OTeut. type of the OHG., OS., OF ris. forms 
would be *#éando-, that of the OE. #fen, éfen 
would be *£0270- or *4bunjo-. The ONorthumb. 
é&ern is app. an alteration of éen(2; cf. ONor- 
thumb. western, festern (=WS. wésten, festen), 
and OFris. forms like efernza to open. 

One hypothesis as to the relation of the forms is that 
*£bando- represents a pre-Teut. *épont-, a pr. pple. act., and 
that derivatives of a corresponding passive pple. occur in 
ON. afptann (:—*étptono-) and OE. &fen (:—*ébunjo- :— 
*éptyyo- or *épyyo-). The etymological sense is unknown ; 
a not inappropriate meaning for the act. and pass. forma- 
tions is suggested by Gr. n70s, mild, gentle (sometimes 
used with reference to temperature) which may possibly 
belong to the same root.] A 

1. The latter part or close of the day; evening. 
Also in phrases, Even and (nor) morn; at even 
and at prime, at all times of the day; good even, 
a salutation (see further Goop, GooDEN) ; yester- 
even (Sc. yestreen), yesterday evening (see YESTER). 
Obs, exc. poet. and dial. 

Beowulf 1235 /Efen cwom and him Hrobgar zewat. c950 
Lindisf. Gosp. Mark vi. 47 Middy efern woere wes scip in 
middum sees. a@ 1000 Guthlac 1216 (Gr.), Engel ufancundne, 
se mec efna gehwam..zesohte. cx1040 Rule St. Benet (ed. 
Logeman) 82 pzt bet eis towyrcanne hi wyrcan odde zefan. 
a@ 1123 O. E. Chron. an. 1106 On zfen xtywde an. .steorra. 
¢12z00 Ormin 1105 He wass all da33 Unnclene anan till 
efenn. c1205 Lay. 19570 Pa hit wes eauen. c 1250 Gen. § 
Ex. 1675 Iacob wurd en, and euen cam, ¢1340 Cursor 
M. 6385 (Fairf.), Fra heyuen ben come paire fode .. euen & 
morne hit con falle. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas u. xxii. (1554) 
58a, Socrates..wisest named at euen and at prime. c1460 
Towneley Myst., Oblacio Mag. 125 We shalle not rest, even 
nor morne. 1535 CoveRDALE £zeé. xii. 4 Thou thy self shalt 
go forth also at euen in their sight. 1538 Bate Thre Lawes 
178 God geue ye good euen. 1591 SHAKS. Gent. v. ii. 
42 She did intend confession At Patricks cell this even. 
1600 — A. Y. L. 11, iv. 69 Peace I say; good euen to your 
friend, 1622 May Virgil(J.), The sun’s orb both even and 
morn is bright. 1660 Howe. Dict. s.v., Good even (or by 
contraction Goodeen). 1697 Drypen Virg. (J.), Th’ unerring 
sun..declares, What the late ev’n or early morn \e 
1759 JOHNSON Rasse/as ii, From the dawn of morning to the 
close of even. 1816 J. Witson City of Plague 11. il, 228 A 
plaintive tune..sung at fall of even. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. 


333 


x, ‘My cousin winna stay ony langer, Mr. Halliday; sae, if 
ye please, gude-e’en t’ye.’ 1826 DisrAeut Viv. Grey u. vi, 
Good even to you. 1843 BetHunr Sc. Fireside Stor. 279 
Daylight, done at four o’clock, Yields to the lang dark e’en. 

2. The Eve of a holy day or church festival. 
Rarely in wider sense: The evening or the day be- 
fore (a certain day or event). Fastryn even (Sc.: 
now Jastryn’s een) = SHROVE-TuESDAY; Zhe 
Kings’ even =TWELFTH-NIGHT. Obs. exc. dial. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 171 Pe euen of pe ‘Trinite 
vnder Acres R. gan aryue. 1375 Barsour Bruce x. 440 As 
apon fastryn even is The custom. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De 
P. R. 1X. xxxi. (1495) 368 To Ester perteyneth the euyn 
therof that..is callyd .. the holy Saterday. c1420 Chron. 
Vilod. 1020 Pe whiche in Mydwyntrus 3evyn to p’chirche 
dude gonne. 1463 Bury Wills (Camd. Soc.) 17 On the evyn 
[of the funeral] myn solempne dirige shalbe kept. 1483 
Caxton G. de la Tour Dij, Upon the vygyl or euen of 
ourlady, @1536 TinpALeE Prod. to Fonas Wks. 1. 450 The 
saints..torment the souls in hell, if their evens be not fasted. 
1549 CRANMER in Strype Lif App. xl, Vigils, otherwise called 
Watchings, remain in the Calendars upon certain Saints’ 
Evens. a@1572 Knox Hist. Ref Wks. 1846 I. 230 Upoun 
the Kinges Evin, when French men commonlie use to drynk 
liberallie. 1587 FLEMING Contn. Holinshed 111. 1286/1 He 
died on Maie eeuen. 1623 Minsuev s.v., An holy daies 
Euen. 1764 Burn Poor Laws 13 No labourer. .shall take 
any hire..for the evens of feasts. 1855 Robinson Whithy 
Gloss., E’en, Kessenmas e’en..Cannelmas e’en. Mod. dial, 
(Sheffield), Christmas eem. 

3. attrib. and Comb. (= ‘ evening’), as even-dell, 
-blush, -light, -prayer, -rising, -time ; also even- 
close, the closing in of the evening ; even-fall, 
the ‘fall’ or commencement of the evening ; even- 
fire, evening gun; evenglome (arch.; revival of 
OE. &éfenglém), gloaming, twilight; even-mete, 
arch. (OE. &fen-mete), evening-meal, supper ; 
+even-while, eventide, eventime. Also EvEN- 
SONG, EVEN-STAR, EVENTIDE. 

a1450 Le Morte Arth. 2236 By the tyme of *euyn belle. 
1835 Browninc Paracelsus Wks. I. 5 From *even-blush to 
midnight. 1845 Hirst Poems 23 Came *even-close And 
darkness; yet they turned not back. 1814 SourHry Para- 
guay Ded., One thrush was heard from morn to *even-fall. 
1859 W. H. Grecory Egyft II. 200 Flamingoes .. winging 
their rosy flight at evenfall across the bay. 1879 H. Duvar 
D'Anville's Fleet in Poems of Places, Brit, Amer. 34 At 
*even-fire the bells were rung. «@ 1000 Guthlac 1265 (Gr.), 
From *afenglome odpzt eastan cwom..dagredwoma. 1871 
M. Cottins /ux of Strange Meetings 25 The robins singing 
in the evenglome. Beowzl/ 5014 Siddan *zfen-leoht under 
heofenes hador beholen weorbed. ax400 AZS. Cantad. Ff. 
i. 6. f. 66 (Halliw.), Sche..sey it is ferr in the nyght, And I 
swere it is evenlight. a1440 Sir Degrev. 1601 Syre De- 
grivaunt at evene-ly3th Armede hym and hys kny3th. ¢ 975 
Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 26 A&t bam *efen-mete. 1848 
Lytton Harold x1. vii, The even-mete will summon thee soon. 
1660 Howe t Dict, s.v., Evensong, or *Even Prayer. 160% 
Hotranp Pliny I. 13 The planet Mercurie seldome hath his 
*euen rising in Pisces. cxo0o Ags. Gosp. Mark xi. 11 Pa 
*zefen tima [c 1160 Hatton afen time] wes he ferde to beth- 
aniam. c 1205 Lay. 17860 A pan auen time. 1870 Rossetti 
Dante at Verona xxxiv, Flushed in the limpid eventime. 
c1350 Will. Palerne 1747 To hei3 vs hastily henne..euenly 
pis *euen while. 

Even (7'v’n), a. Forms: 1 ebn, efen, efen, 
efn, emn, 27 comb. em-, 2-3 efnie, sefne, Or. 
efenn, effen, emne, 3-4 evene, 4-6 evin(e, -yn, 
ewyn(e, (5 evan, heven, 6 evne), 6-7 ea-, 
eeven, 4-even. [Common Teutonic: OE. efen, 
efn, by assimilation evn = OFris. even, evin, OS. 
eban (Du. even, effen), OHG. eban, epan (Ger. 
eben), ON. zafn, camn (Da. jeun, Sw. jemn), Goth. 
zbns :—OTeut. *ebz0-. 

The word has not yet been satisfactorily connected with 
any other Teut. or Aryan word; hence it is uncertain 
whether the primary sense was ‘level’ or ‘equal, like ’]. 

1. Of a piece of ground, a country, etc.: Flat, 
plain, level, not hilly or sloping. 

cae K. AELrreD O7os. 1. ii. §4 Seo burg wes zetimbred 
an fildum lande & on swibe emnum. c 1400 Destr. Troy 
2078 Set full sad on a soile euyn. 1605 SHAks. Lear tv. vi. 
3 Glo. Me thinkes the ground is eeuen. dg. Horrible 
steepe. 1605 VersTEGAN Dec. Intell. iv. (1628) 100 They 
are euen and plaine without any hilles or hilly grounds. 
1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. 78 Our sight .. would be ter- 
minated..in the largest and evenest plain by the very con- 
vexity of the earth. 1705 Appison /faly (1733) 175 The 
present Face of Rome is much more Even and Neel than 
it was formerly. 1859 Tennyson Geraint §& Enid 239 At 
last they...climb’d upon a fair and even ridge. 

b. Of uniform height. 

1523 Fitzners. Husd. § 70 Beastes alone..wyll not eate a 
pasture euen, but leaue many tuftes and hygh grasse in 
dyuers places. 1593 SHaxs. Rich. IJ, 1. iv. 36 All must be 
euen, in our Gouernment. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster 1. 
ix, Both waies, I am too high; and thou, too lowe, Our 
Mindes are euen, yet. a@ 1626 Davies (J.), When he did set 
his foot in the middle, all the other parts lay flat and even. 

¢e. In a level position; horizontal. Obs. exc. 
Naut. in phrase, (On) an even keel. 

1375 Barsour Bruce mt. 136 He laid hym ewyn him be- 
forn. c¢139x CHaucer Astro. u. § 29 Lat thyn Astre- 
labie kowch adown evene upon a smothe grond. 1836 
Marryat Midsh. Easy xxvi, The frigate was on an even 
keel. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 117 A ship is said to 
swim on an even keel when she draws the same quantity of 
water abaft as forwards. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxvi. 
(1856) 213, I wish it would give us an even keel. 

2. Of surfaces or lines: Uniform, without in- 
equality ; smooth, : 


EVEN. 


a 1225 Ancr. R.2 Pe on [riwle] riwled be heorte, be maked 
hire efne & smede, widute knotte & dolke of woh inwit. 
1340 Ayend. 151 Efterward he deb al be reule, pet makeb 
pane wal emne. @1350 Childh. Fesus 1382 Pis treo mot 

eo .. At eithur ende euene and quarre. 1538 CovERDALE 
1 Chron, xiii. 15 The valleys were eauen both [Luther dass 
alle Grunde eben waren] towarde the East and towarde the 
West. 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 28 Ane biggare 
can nocht make ane evin up wal without direction of his 
lyne. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Hush. i. (1586) 141 b, 
Looke..that..the grounde bee made fayre and even, some 
thing hanging. 1580 Barer Adv. E 364 To make eeuen 
with the rule, exeguare ad regulam. 1664 Evetyn Kal. 
Hort. (1729) 202 Cut close and even. 1693 Drypen tr. Per- 
sius vi, To see a beggar’s brat in riches flow, Adds not a 
wrinkle to my even brow. 1697 — Virg. Georg. Ww. 213 
He knew to rank his Elms in even Rows. 1704 Newton 
Optics (J.), The superficies of such plates are not even, but 
have many cavities and swellings. 1712 J. James tr. Le 
Blonds Gardening 34 Parterres .. should be flat, eaven, 
and disengaged. c¢1720 Prior Poems, Charity, Charity... 
Lays the rough paths of peevish natureeven. 1781 CowrER 
Anti-Thelyp. 47 Smooth and even as an iv’ry ball. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 486 The water in the bay was 
as even as glass. 1858 Hawtuorne /*7. & /t. Frauds. I. 213 
Hedges. .as even as a brick-wall at the top and sides. 

3. Uniform alike throughout (in colour, texture, 
consistency, quality, etc.). 

18ar Craic Lect, Drawing vii. 406 Nor can it..produce a 
light even tint of any extent. 1846 Trorter in Baxter's 
Lib. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 11. 347 ‘These last [turnips] are... 
the evenest and best crop..The whole field is an even piece, 
not having suffered from the fly. 1883 F. M. Crawrorp 
Dr. Claudius viii, The sky was of an even lead colour. 

+4. Of a path: Straight, direct. Of movements 
or speech: Direct, straightforward. Of a visible 
object: Directly in front. Ods. 

¢1z00 Ormin 9214 Par shulenn beon .. effne & smepe 
we33ess. _¢1325 JAZetr. Hom. 48, 1 bid you mac the gates 
euin To Crist. ¢ 1470 Harpinc Chron. Lx. v, Constantyne 
sawe a crosse..full euine. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. viii. 
(1611) 17 As the straight way is most acceptable to him that 
trauaileth..so in action that which doth lye the euenest be- 
tweene vs and the end we desire. 1599 SHaks. //en. V, 1. 
viii. 114 In plaine shock, and euen play of Battaile. 1602 — 
Ham. u. ii. 298 Be euen and direct with me, whether you 
were sent for or no. 

5. Level wzth (+ fo); neither higher nor lower. 
arch. 

a 1300 Cursor AM. 11688 Pe tre it boued doune..Pe crope 
was euen wid pe rote. 1 E. E. Wills (1882) 52 A flate 
ston off marbill, ewyn with the grounde. 1579 Lyty Exphues 
(Arb.) 135 When Demetrius wonne the Citie, and made it 
euen to the ground. 1611 Biste Luke xix. 44 And shall 
lay thee euen with the ground. 1626 Purcuas Pélgr. 
(ed. 4) 434 The nether part of the Sunne seeming iust and 
euen with it. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxxvi. 142 
On the out-side about eight and thirty foot high above the 
water, and on the in-side even with the ground. 1698 
FroGER Voy, 33 Waiting till the Fish swim even with the 
Surface of the Water. 

b. In the same plane or line (wth). Also (of 
a course, etc.) parallel; (of the two ends of an 
object) in line with the centre. 

a1350 Childh. Fesus 1425 Josep swipe glad was po Pat 
euene weren be endes two. 1586 A. Day Aug. Secretary 
(1625) Aiiij, 1 have applied a number of Figures .. and 
Tropes in the margent of every Epistle, even with the places 
where they are used. 1603 SHAKs. AZeas. i” M. Ww. ii. 
83 His life is paralel’d Euen with the stroke and line of 
his great Iustice. 1663 Grrsier Counsel 22 The Chimney 
to be made even with the upright of the wall. _xr712 F. T. 
Shorthand 11 Write the Consonant in an even line with the 
foregoing Consonant. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti’s Archit. 1. 
5 b, You may .. make a .. foundation for every particular 

eer .. lying directly even with the current of the water. 
1748 Anson's Voy. 1. ii. 127 A ship to leeward, with her 
courses even with the horizon. 

6. Accurately coincident or accordant; exactly 
adjusted ; sfec. in type-setting, Zo make even, make 
even lines, or end even: to space out the last few 
lines of copy, so as to make the last a full line. 

c1400 Rom. Rose 5821 We been at one, By even accord of 
everichone. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hush. 11. (1586) 
73 b, Good Grafters, thinke it best to hold the Graffe even 
with both hands. 1597 Morey /utrod. Mus. 89 The third 
is a driuing waie in two crotchets and a minime, but odded 
by a rest, so that it neuer commeth euen till the close. 1703 
Moxon Mech. Exerc. 277 Lay the streight edge even upon 
the line AE. 

7. Of computed results, statements, etc. : 
Exact, precise. Also, ‘(The) exact’ (place etc.) 
¢ 1300 Cursor M. 20834 (Edinb.) Qua wel can caste sal finde 
iteuin. 1393 Lanct. P. PZ. C.xxi.270 Hevene haueb evene 
numbre, and helle is with-oute numbre. @ 1470 Tiptorr 
Caesar xiii. (1530) 18 Fewe or none of them [ships] came to 
the even port. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Kuowdl. u. xliv, It 
maketh iust xxix, the euen halfe of fifty and eight. 1601 
Suaxs. Adl’s Well v. iii. 326 To make the euen truth in 
pleasure flow. 

8. Of actions, movements, processes, continuous 
states: Uniform, free from fluctuations, Of the 
mind, temper, etc.: Free-from variations, ‘ equal’, 
equable, unruffled. 

c897 K. AELFrED Gregory’s Past. xlii. 306 Des wisan 
monnes mod bid suide emn. a@ 1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. 
Hom. 265 Pole wid efne heorte be dom of rihtwisnesse. 1297 
R. Guouc. (1724) 193 Per come in tuelf olde men myd euene 
pas bere. 1382 Wyciir Baruch iv. 5 Thou peple of God, be 
of euener inwitt. c 1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 811 With euene 
herte I rede yow tendure This strook of ffortune or of auen- 
ture. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Euen in meuynge [printed 
menynge] or clothynge. 156x T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 
To Rdr., That I may with euen sufferance continue in the 


EVEN. 


| hg noni 2 

188/1 Its proper bei 
Centre. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 34 
they light. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 69 The Hand must 
be carried along the whole length .. exactly even, 1742 
Younc Mt. Th. vu. 1180 An Eye impartial, and an even 


5 Il. 446 The bal. | 
Scale. cx819 Bentuam Wes. (1843 sie « es Ww. take even weight. c1449 Pecock Refr. ut. i. 280 The 


| schal be eendid by euen terme. 
| Cuthb, (Surtees) 931 With’ childre of his euen elde. 


is now restored. The two scales g even. 1863 W. 
Puiturs Speeches vii. 155 He holds the scales of justice 
most exactly even. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. I. 67 The 
balance cannot be expected to hang. .even. i 

10. Of accounts, affairs, a reckoning : Having no 
balance or debt on either side ; ‘ square.’ 

gsr T. Witson Logtke (1567) 2b, Arithmetik by nomber 
can make Reckenynges to be euen. 1596 HariNGTON 
Metam. Ajax Pref. (1814) 14 For a man to make even his 
reckonings. - Bre. Hatt Medit. & Vows B. 2§ 4 It 
hath beene an olde and true Proverbe, Oft and even reckon- 
inges make long friends. 1712 ArsutHNoT Fohn Bull (1755) 
14 How is it possible for a man of business to keep his 
affairs even in the world at this rate? a1716 Soutu (J.), 
Even reckoning makes lasting friends. % 

b. Zo be even; to be square or quits ; to have 
settled accounts. + 70 make even: to square ac- 
counts. + Zo make even for: to compensate for. 

1511 Plumpton Corr. p. cxviii, Memor. That Sir Robert 


Plompton .. is even for every thing to this present day of | 


August. 1594 R. Haypocxe tr. Lomazzo To Rdr., I haue 
bettered mine, or at the least made even for such other im- 

rfections, as can hardly escape the best translators. 

oLTON Florus iv. ix. (1636) 308 By the slaughter of Pacorus, 
wee were even for Crassus overthrow. 1622 S. Warp 
Christ All in All (1627) 36 When he had distributed all 
he had to the poore, and made euen with his reuenues, etc. 
1637 RutHerrorp Left. No. 113 (1862) I. 283, 1 know that 
Christ and I shall never be Even: I shall die in His debt. 
1661 Pepys Diary 25 June, I made even with my father 
and the two drapers for the cloths I sent to sea lately. 1780 
Jounson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 21 June, I wish I had been 
with you to see the Isle of Wight; but I shall perhaps go 
some time without you, and then we shall be even. 

c. Zo be even (t+ evens) with: tobe quits with ; 
to have one’s revenge upon. 

14.. Merch. & Son in Halliw. nafs Poet. 32 My fadur ys 
evyn wyth all the worlde. 1589 Hay any Work A ij, lle 
be euen with them to. 1626 Buck. Jmp. (1889) 63 Wherre 
uppon hee vowed to bee even with our Inglish. 1655-60 
Srantey /ist. PAilos. (1701) 111/1, I will be even with you 
for this scorn. ax1719 Appison (J.), The publick is always 
even with an author who has not a just deference for them. 
1752 A. Breck Stewart in Scots Mag. July (1753) 339/: 
He would be evens with him. 1794 Mrs. Rapcuirre Myst. 


Intrig. Chamberm. i. 
has been even with his master. 7 
Yc. The Combs. of even- are sometimes resolved, 
so that the adj. in 5 Pag syntactical concord 
expresses the sense of L. co-, Eng. fellow-, joint-. 
axooo Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 214 Coheres, efn yrfeweard. 
1382 Wycur £zek. vii. 16 Thei shulen be in mounteyns as 
culueres of euyn valeys [Vulg. convallium]. 1482 Monk 
of Evesham (Arb.) 103 He..schalle be an euyn heyre with 
me eternaly. 1483 Cath. Angl. 118 Euen, eguus, co-, 
equalis. 

14. Equal in itude, number, quantity, etc. 

c 1205 Lay. 29103 Ke hafde g efne wid Gurmunde. 
Ibid. 30835 For his zfne wiht of golde, x ‘Trevisa 
Higden (Rolls) I, 325 Whan pe day and pe ny3t 
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 1121 Hardde pitc 


euen. 
and wex, 


north 
1480 Castle Hd. Life St. 


Act 11 Hen, VII, c. 39 The seid Edmond to pay yereyee 
CCCC li. at the cme tone by evyn porcions. 15; . GOOGE 
Heresbach's Hush, wi. (1586) 115 The legges and the thies 
..ought to be even (L. egua/ia), straight, and sound. 1660 
Broome Archit. Ac, Three even parts. 1749 FiecpinGc Tom 
Fones xit. v, Partridge .. kept even pace with Jones. 1814 
Scorr Ld. of /sles ut. xviii, Were my Monarch’s order 
given, Two shafts should make our number even. 1834 T. 
Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 85 It is wax and caoutchouck 
even quantities, melted together. 
b. Of even date: of the same date. (Common 
in U.S. ; in England chiefly in legal language.) 
1681 /udenture 10 Mar., Reciting an Indenture of even 
date therewith. 1885 Weekly Notes 142/1 By deed of even 
date he covenanted to pay all calls in respect of the shares. 
ec. absol. (See quot.) 
1 Puttennam £ng. Poesie 1. xix. (Arb.) 222 Ye haue 
another figure [#zarg. Parison] which we may call the figure 


| of euen, because it goeth by clauses of egall quantitie. 


1618 


Udolpho xxvii, I was determined to be even with Barnardine | 


for refusing to tell me the secret. 1831 Lytton Godolph. 
9g Come out, and I'll be even with you, pretty one. 1 

wetTt Plato (ed. 2) III. 264 Verily I would be even wit 
thee, if I had the power. 

ll. That is a just mean between extremes ; of 
proper magnitude or degree. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Prof. 83 Of his stature he was of evene 
lengthe. c1470 Henry Wallace vi. 70 Be ewyn tyme off 
hyr age, Asquier Schaw..hyr gatin mariage 1577 B. Gooce 
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 80b, There must be an even 
temperature amongest these extreamities. 1653 UrQuHART 
Rabelais 1. xxxiv, The rest of his traine came after him by 
even journeys [Fr. a justes ournées] at a slower pace. 

12. Of conduct, laws, and their administration : 
Equal towards all, just, impartial. + Also of 
weights and measures : jest. true. 

c1000 Ei¥rric Lev. xix. 36 Habbap. .emne weza and emne 
gemetu and sestras. 1 Wycur Lev. xix. 46 Ri3t bal- 
aunce, and euen ben the wei3tis, ry3t bushel, and euen 
sextarye. 1637 Eart Stiruinc Doomsday, 6th Hour, Yet 
were their aimes and ends in th’end not eaven. 1719 W. 
Woop Surv. Trade 17 The wisdom of the legislative Power 
consists in keeping an even hand to promote all. A775 
Jounson Tax no Tyr. 3 Though power has been diff 
with the most even han 

+18. Equal in rank, dignity, or power ; in earlier 
use with dat. or with ¢7/, 40; also absol. Obs. 

c 1205 Lay. 22928 At pine borde..scal pe heh3e beon zfne 
Sart efne] ban loje. at rages in Cott, Hom. 209 

oli goste * pet is efne wid pe and wid pin eadi feder. 
1340 Hampote Psalter ii. 7 Pe son is of his fadire. .euen til 
hym in godhed. ¢c1380 Wyciir Sed. Wks. Il]. 342 Sum 
men seien pat he [the pore! is even wip the manheed of 
Crist. c1400 Afol. Loll. 85 We awe not to arett .. meg 
formid of mannis craft, heyar nor euen to man in kynd. 
a 1530 Myrr. our Ladye 103 These thre personas » were 
alyke euen in all thynges. 1565 Jewer Xepl. Harding 
(1611) 333 The Figure may not be far off from the Truth : 
otherwise it were no Figure: Neither may it be euen, and 
one with the Truth, 1674 N. Fairrax Bulk §& Selv. 11 
Nevertheless, we may hold such a body to be even wi 

nother. 1720 Prion For my Tombstone, To me ‘twas 

given to die; To thee ’tis given to live: alas one moment 
sets us even. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison 1. xxxix. 297 Is 
there no way to be even with him in any one thi 

b. Zo de even with; to be on a par, on equal 
terms with, 


15. Of numbers: Divisible integrally into two 
equal parts; opposed to odd. Ofa dance: Per- 
formed by an equal number of persons. 

1557 Recorve Whetst. A iij, Euen nombers are those, 
whiche maie be diuided into equalle halfes. 1577 B. Gooce 
Heresbach’s Hus. 1.(1586) 138 b, He woulde your number 
should rather be odde then even. 1586 W. Wesse Eng. 
Poetrie (Arb.) 84 Then the daunce wyll be eune. 1603 
Suaks. Meas. for M, i. i. 41 Death we feare That makes 
these oddes, all euen. 1650 Jer. Taytor Holy Living (J.), 
Let him tell me whether the number of the stars be even 
orodd. 1674 PLayrorp Skild Mus. . 103 An even number 
of Quavers or Semiquavers, as 2, 4, 6, or 8. 1759 JOHNSON 
Rasselas x\vii, The same number cannot be even and odd. 
1801 Strutr Sports & Past. (1876) 414 The army that pre- 
sents a front of even numbers is called even hoste. a 18; 
Pragep Poems (1864) II. 171 Death looks down with Be 
and smiles, And makes the odds all even. Jowetr 
Plato (ed. 2) 1, 407 Three is an odd number and four is an 
even number. — ’ 

b. Of objects in a series: Having a place 
marked by an even number. ven page; the left- 
hand page of a printed book. 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ef. w. v. 193 The laterall 
division of man by even and odde, ascribing the odde unto 
the right side, and even unto the left. 1684 Ear. Roscom. 
Ess. Verse (1709) 229 Accents regularly plac’d On even 
Syllables. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 374 The 
accents are to be placed on even syllables. 

ec. + Even and odd: all included, without ex- 
ception. + For even or odd: for good and all. 
+ For odd nor for even: on no account whatever. 
Evenly even, oddly even (see quots.). 

c 1440 Boctus in Laud MS. 559. 10 b, He shulde. .foryeven 
hym even and odde That he hadde doone. ¢ 1450 Castle Hd. 
i St. Cuthéd. (Surtees) 4957 All’ zone oste, bathe euen and 

. €1460 Towneley ay top 170, I have sene the lamb of 
God.. And towchid hym for even or od. ¢ E. Eng. Misc. 
(Warton Club) 42 Loke thou lete, for le ne for ewyne, 
1557 Recorve Whetst. A iij b, Euen nombers euenly, are 
such nombers as maie bee parted continually into euen 
halfes, till you come to an vnitie. As for example, 32. 1676 
tr. Agrippa’s Van, Arts xii, Arithmetic treats of ecu 
..which is evenly odde, and which odly even, 1796 Hutron 
Math. Dict. 1. 450/1 Evenly Even Number, is that which 
an even number measures by an even number; as 16, which 
the number 8 measures by even number 2, 

+d. Even and (or) odd: a game of chance; 
= Odd or even (see ODD). Hence 70 go even or 
odd. Obs. 

1580 Hottybanp 7veas, Fr. Tong, Per ou nom per ..a 
Lf called exen or odde. 1§98 Fiorio, Part oy pes even 
and odde, a kinde of play so called. 168 W. Ropertson 
Phraseol, Gen. (699) 551 To play at even or odd. 1710 
Brit. Apollo Ill. No. 5. 2/2 A... lenges B. to go even 
or odd with him for a..Sum of Money. 1739 Crsser Afol. 
(1756) I. 16 Socrates cou'd take pleasure ., in playing at 
Even or odd with his children, 


16. Of sums of money, numbers, etc.; ‘Round’, 


6d. 4 
877/3 That .. no Stock be allowed but in even 54. Mod. 
aft ice of bread, etc. Down again to even money. 
17. +a. adsol.in adverbial phrases: OE. on ef, on 
emmn (see ANENT); ME. an emne, an evene, equally, 
guietly. Zo dring til even: to reconcile. Obs. 
Beowulf 5798 Him on efn ligep ealdor-gewinna. a 1000 


Ree a ee, ee. 


EVEN. 


Byrhtnoth Gr. hyra frean 
Cog. ernie Gene avis He govt i ae ae 


equal. + Zhe even of it: the plai 
truth, ‘ the long and short of it’. Sporting. 

thing ex; in in 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 240 Of beaute sigh he never her 
even. 1599 Suaxs. Hen. V,u. i. 128 The King hath run 
bad humours on ight, that’s the euen of it. 1889 
Boy's Own Paper 14 Sept. 794/2 All the amateur records 
evens. 


are 

18. Combined in phrases with hand. + At (of) 

even hand: on equal terms; also, without ei 

gain or loss. + Zo go even hand: to go ‘in 

equipace’* with. Zo be even hands with: (Sc.)= 

‘to be even with’; see ro. 

1576 Freminc Panofpl. Epist. 363 The Muses. .never flit 
ith thee, and 


rather, goe wit 
treade foote by foote? 1625 Bacon Ess., Envy (Arb.) 512 
anothers Vertue, will 


not himselfe to come out of trouble at even onely 
remaining c r . Torpervy Two 

I. 38 Certainly, if a man will keep but of even hand, his 
ordi expences ought to be but to the half of his receipts. 
1822 Hocc Perils Man 1, 325 (Jam.), I’s be even hands 
wi’ them an’ mair. 

Even (i‘v'n), adv. Forms: 1-2 efne, emne, 
3-5 evene, 4-7 evin, -yn(e, 4-5 eeven, (4 ewyn, 
5 evon, -un, ewene, eyven, hevene), 4— even. 
Also contracted 6-7 ene, 6-9 een, e’en, ev’n. 

OE. efne, by assimilation emne, efen, = OF ris. efne, 
win, OS. efno (Du. even), OHG. ebano (MHG. 
ebene, Ger. eben) :—OTeut. *ebnd, f. *ebno- EVEN a. 
(In literary use the contracted form ¢’en (in) now 
occurs only in verse, and in colloq. use it is rare 
exc. north. dial.) 

The mod. Teut. langs. (exc. Scandinavian) have developed 
senses similar to those in branch II.] 

I. In senses closely related to the adj. (Chiefly 
admitting of degrees of comparison.) 

+1. Evenly, in an even manner; regularly, 
steadily, uniformly. Ods. 

azooo AEtrric Ps. cxviii. [cxix.] 77 (Gr.) Ic z pine efnast 
healde. a12g0 Owl & Night. 31 {eh singe efne Mid fulle 
dreme and lude stefne. 1 Gove. (1724) 43 So euene 
hot pat lond ys, pat men durre selde Here a in howse 
awynter brynge out of the felde. a1310 in Wright Lyric 
P. ix. 35 Hire teht aren white ase bon of whal, Evene set 
ant atled al. c1375 Sc. Leg. Saints Prol. 47 Demayi 
hire in althing ewine. c 1400 Destr. Troy 436 Mon’ 
rynges, Euyn set to pe sight. MS. Chriss Hosp. 
Abingdon in Turner Dom. Archit. I11. 44 Now God geve 
us grace tofolowe treuthe even. 1728 T. Suerwwan Persius 
1. (1739) 17 That Poet of ours makes his Verses run as even 
asa ter can draw his Li 

+2. In exact agreement. Zo go even (= Fr. 
marcher d’accord): to agree (with). Obs. 

cr R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 126 Henry and he euen 
acorded or pei went. ay, Kincesmyit Com/. Afflict, 
(1585) Avij, Behold how a thing it is.. for brethren to 
dwell even together. Suaks. Twel. N. v. i. 2. 
the rest goeseuen, 1611 — Cymtd. 1. iv. 47, I..rather shun'd 

aard. 1645 


b. In an equal d Also as quasi-prep. with 
dat.; with. c. On equal terms. q 
& ¢ 13 Sio sunne and se 


K. AEvrrep Boeth, xxxix. 
mona habbab todaled butwuht hi 


Sir Amadace ( ) lix, Take and 
b. ¢ 1380 Wyceur Wes. (1 
euene 380 Sir 


e R 
poset; folewe n euen likenes. 

cso Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthd, (Surtees) «56 Edylwald 
to cul 


was a man expert, Euen gyuen with bert. ¢ 
E. Eng. Mise. ‘Warton Club) Alle in ewene bake 
water, 


Cc. 1470-85 Matory Arthur x. xlv, Neuer were there 
foure knyghtes euener matched. 1577 B. Heres- 
bach's Husb. 11. (1586) 128 b, Be well assured that you bye 
pee ent oxen] even — pee 

+ a just or proper degree. Oéds. 

Two Cookery-bks. 12 Let boyle tylle the On 

pi Py Rag ben ew soth . Hy moche. "Tbid 
14 pee -:M e it euen Salt. 

+5. cig straight ; also of descent: In a 
direct line. Ods. See also EVEN-DowN, 


A reke 
ae * {Fatt smell was oe 
vuce 
c 


stode ful eyuen. Barsour 61 Ony male, [That 
were in Hye ; , cuir ks (B80 
334 He his soule eeuen to heuen by goddig * 

Torr. Portugal 2281 Into a lond riche and 


+b. ‘Due’ (east, etc.) ; 


EVEN. 


Mavunpev. (Roxb.) xxiii. 149 Bejond pir ilez .. to ga euen 
est, es na land inhabited. 1480 Caxton Chron, Eng. 
ccxxxv. 257 The wind was euen contrary vnto him. 148: 
Cath. Angl, 118 Evyn agayn. ?a1550 Freiris of Berwii 
344 In the west he turnit him ewin about. 
In weakened senses as an intensive or em- 

phatic particle. (With 6-8 cf. similar uses of jzst.) 

6. Exactly, precisely, ‘just’. Now chiefly arch. 
after Bible use, and suggesting some notion of g. 

a. of manner; often followed by as, ¢hus, so. 

Beowulf 1571 Lixte se leoma efne swa of heofene hadre 
scined rodores candel. a@ 1000 Crist 330(Gr.), And efne swa 
Sec zemette meahtum gehrodene clane and zecorene Crist 
almihtiz. 1340 Hampoce Pr. Consc. 4767 Pe thred day, be 
se sal.. And stand even in. .Als it stode first. 1398 TREVISA 
Barth, De P. R. xt. xiii. (1495) 398 Thonder smythth the 
ayre..euyn soo that it..sownyth..in the manere of rollyng 
and hurlynge of whelys. c1400 Destr. Troy 1633 Priam by 
La ip a pales gert make. .And euyn at his etlyng Ylion was 
cald. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2b, Euen so man in 
the cage of this worlde. 1578 Timme Caluix on Gen. 97 Even 
as if a Man should give a sword and buckler into the hands 
of another. 1594 SuHaks. Pass. Pilgr. xi, Even thus.. 
the warlike god embraced me. 1611 Bist Yohn xvii. 18 
Euen so haue I also sent them into the world. 1808 R. K. 
Porter Jrav. Sk. Russ. & Swed. (1813) 1. i. 6 It was even 
as Saxo Grammaticus relates. 1816 Scotr Old Mort. In- 
trod., ‘Even sae—even sae.’ 

b. of time; occas. quasi-frep. = at the same 
moment with. Often with sow (see further under 
Now, and cf. Enow). + Formerly also adsol. = 
‘just now’, ‘just then’ (cf. just and Ger. eden). 

¢x205 Lay. 25939 Efne [c 1275 eafne] bissen worden pa bat 
wif seide, Beduer heo gon hirten. 1297 R. Grove. (1724) 
535 Euene as the ssire sat, [Sir Maci] to the toune’s ende 
him drou. _¢ 1325 Poem temp. Edw. II (Percy) Ixxv, Euen 
upon the Monday. ¢x1400 Destr. Troy 1980 He.. Shoke 
euyn into ship, & the shalke leuyt. 1413 Lypc. Pilg”. 
Sowdle v. xiv. (1859) 8x And euen with this word this Angel 
flewe his weye vp in to heuene. 15.. Merch. & Son 230 in 
Hazl. £. P. P. I. 148 Ryght evyn abowte mydnyght. 
¢ 1600 Suaks. Sov, Ixxi, Let your love even with my life 
decay. 16xr — Cymd. 1. vi. 16 Euen before, I was At 

joint to sinke, for Food. 1607 Hikron Ws. I. 399 The 

igh priest will holde a councell, euen the dawning. 1612 
R. SHELDon Sevm. St. Martin’s 48 Our most gratious 
Soueraigne being almost euen with the breaking vp of her 
{Q. Elizabeth’s] ghost most ioyfully in this city proclaimed. 
1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 30 These Shanks are to be 
rivetted (as you were taught even now). 1820 Keats S?, 
Agnes xxxv, But even now Thy voice was at sweet tremble 


in mine ear. 
te. of place. Also adbsol.=close at hand (cf. 


Ger. 2-eben). Obs. 

r Hampote Pr. Consc. 5179 Even aboven pat vale 
namly, Whare al men sal se his body. 1393 Lanai. P. PZ. 
C. xx. 152 Ho so is hurt in pe hand, euene in pe myddes, He, 
etc. c1q89 Caxton Sonnes of Aymor iii. 73 Of the other 
side it [the castell] had evyn at hande a grete wood. 1578 
Wuetstone Promos & Cass. u.ii. 2 Ap, Where dwels Lady 
Lamia? Ros. Even by, Syr. 

+d. of shape. Ods. 

c¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xi. 43 Pare was a table of gold, 
euen sqware. _¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 1635 A clene wall clustrit 
with towres, Euyn round as a ryng richely wroght. 

7. Quite, fully. Formerly often before numerals ; 
now only arch. in Even to (= L. usque ad), in 
which use it suggests some notion of sense 9. 

c897 K. ZELrrep Gregory's Past. xli. 300 Crist .. hiene 
selfne zeeadmedde emne 06 Sone dead. axooo Czdmon’s 
Gen, 1158 (Gr.) Cainan wintra hefde efne hund-seofontig 
zr him sunu woce. cx205 Lay. 13924 He heom wes leof 
zfne al swa heore lif. c1325 Chron. Eng. 938 in Ritson 
Metr. Rom. 11. 309 He reignede her Evene Bee ant thritti 
yer. 1546 Wyclif’s Wycket 1, In greate sufferance of per- 
secution euen to the death. 16xx Biste £2. xxvii. 5 That 
the net may bee euen to the midst of the Altar. 1646 F. 
Hawkins Youths Behav. (1663) 4 Nor is it beseeming to 
stoop so low as even to crowching. 1653 H. Cocan tr. 
Pinto’s Trav. xlvi. 180 Carried at the mercy of the Sea even 
until Sun-set. Mitton P. LZ. 1. 586 His magnetic 
beam. .Shoots invisible vertue even to the deep. 

8. Prefixed to a subject, object, or predicate, or 
to the expression of a qualifying circumstance, to 
emphasize its identity. Ods. exc. arch. Also in 
16-17th c. (hence still arch. after Bible use) serv- 
ing to introduce an epexegesis ;=‘ namely’, ‘ that 
is to say’. 

@ 1000 Guthlac 946 Domes hleotan, Efne pas ilcan, pe ussa 

Idran fyrn Frecne onfengon. axzooo Met, Bocth. viii. 46 

fne sio gitsung. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xii. 306, 
I shall smyte of your hede, e' anone. 1 CoveRDALE 
2 Chron. vii. 22 Euen because they haue forsaken the Lorde 
God of their fathers. x59 SHaxs. Two Gent. 11. i. 49 Speed. 
She that you gaze on so... Vad. Even she I meane. 1596 — 
Merch. V.v.i.242, | sweare to thee, euen by thine owne faire 
eyes. 1610 — Temp, 1. i. 14 These sweet thoughts, doe euen 
refresh my labours. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. Pref. iii. § 9 
They imagined they even beheld as it were with their eyes. 
1611 BisLe Zech. xi. 10, I took my staff, euen Beauty, and 
cut itasunder. /bid. Fohn viii. 25 Euen the same that I said 
ynto you from the beginning. 1820 Keats St. Agwes xvii, I 
will, even in a moment’s space, Awake. .my foemen’s ears. 

b. (Chiefly in colloq. form ¢’ev.) Prefixed to 
verbs, with vague force expressible by ‘just’, 
‘nothing else but’; in early use sometimes with 
notion of ‘to be sure’, ‘forsooth’ (L. sc¢licet). 
Now arch. and dial. 

1553 Uva. Royster D. m1. iv. (Arb.) 52 If she despise 
you een despise ye hir againe. 1653 WALTON Angler 125 
Come, now bait your hook again..and we wil ev’n retire to 
the Sycamore tree. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist, u. iii, § 8 The 
beastly Monk .. had e’ne learned as far as Virgil’s Aineids, 


335 


whence he fetched the Platform of this pretty Conceit. 
1686 P. Henry Diaries § Lett. (1882) 353, I can buy 
them here for 2s. 1od., which is e’en cheap enough. 1719 
De For Crusoe (1840) I. x. 172, I e’en let him out. 174% 
Ricuarpson Pamela I. 178 E’en send to him tocome down. 
1802 BentHam Let. Wks. 1843 X. 384 As to the intrigue 
about the Institute, since it is begun, e’en let it take its 
course. 182x Mrs, WHEELER Westmorl. Dial, 26 Ise ean 
gang with yee. 

9. Intimating that the sentence expresses an ex- 
treme case of a more general proposition implied 
(=Fr. méme). Prefixed (in later use often paren- 
thetically postfixed) to the particular word, phrase, 
or clause, on which the extreme character of the 


statement or supposition depends. 

This use, now the prevailing one in Eng,, is foreign to the 
other Teut. langs. It is rare in purely dialectal speech, and 
(though a natural development of 8) seems not to have 
arisen before the 16th c. Cotgrave 1611 does not give ever 
among the equivalents of Fr. mesme. ‘The phrase not even 
(=L. ue .. guidem) is rare in early use; Cooper Lat. Dict. 
1572 renders ne in publicis guidem by ‘no, not in common 
Pikes (though for ze nunc guidem he has ‘no, not euen 
now’: see 6b); Walker Dict. Particles 1673 renders ve .. 
guiden only by ‘no, not so much as’; the earliest Lat. Dict. 
that gives ‘no, not even’ is app. Ainsworth 1736. 

a. Attached to the subj., agent, or object. 

1607 SHAKS. Timo07t 1. i. 82 Make sacred euen his styrrop. 
1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1. 209 In Warre, even 
the Conqueror is commonly a loser. 1697 DrypEn Virg. 
Georg. 11. 418 Ev’n the fearful Stag dares for his Hind en- 
gage. 1747 WesLey Print, Physic (1762) 117 This quickly 
heals even cut veins and Sinews. 1802 Mar. Epcrwortit 
Moral T, (1816) I. x. 82 Even this stupid gardener .. is as 
useful to society as lam, 182r Keats Lamia 34 Jealousies Of 
the Wood-gods, and even the very trees. 1854 Doran Hadits 
& Men 176 He was in debt to no man, not even to his tailor. 
1863 Fr. A. Kempe Resid. in Georgia 11 The tone of in- 
solent superiority assumed by even the gutter urchins. 
1884 W. C. Smitu Avldrostan 88 A harp, even, blunts the 
finger-tips. 

b. Attached to a word or clause expressing 
time, manner, place, or any attendant circumstance. 

1577 B. GooGe Heresbach’s Husb, 1. (1586) 36 The leafe.. 
turneth with the Sunne, whereby it sheweth to the hus- 
bande, even in cloudie weather, what time of the day it is. 
161x E. Grimstone tr. De Serres’ Hist. France 257 Fortune 
is a secret operation of the wisdome of God, alwaies 
iust, euen when it is most vnknown to vs. 1736 BUTLER 
Anal. 1. i, A method of providential conduct, the like of 
which has been exercised even with regard to ourselves. 
1782 Gisson Decl, & F. I, xiii. (1828) 491 Even on that 
memorable occasion his stay did not exceed two months. 
1818 HaLLam Middle Ages ix. (1869) 636 Even in Italy.. 
the domestic architecture of the middle ages did not attain 
any great perfection. 1881 Bisie (Revised) A/ark xiv. 59 
And not even so [16x11 But neither so] did their witness 
agree together. 

e. Attached to a hypothetical clause. 

1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 11. 594 Ev’n though a snowy 
Ram thou shalt behold, Prefer him not in haste, for Hus- 
band to thy Fold. 179r SHeripan Pizarro ui. iii, Even 
though that moment lost your Elvira for ever. 1824 Scorr 
St. Ronan’s xxviii, For such evil bruits Mr. Touchwood cared 
not, even if he happened to hear of them. 1848 Macautay 
Hist. Eng. 1, 175 Even if the king had been desirous to 
fulfil the promises which he had made to the Presbyterians. 
1865 Luspock Preh. Times 323 Even if the embankment 
had remained intact to this day. 1873 F. Hatt Mod. 
English 36 Even suppose that these solecisms were col- 
lected. Mod. Even were there no other evidence, we 
should still be justified in assuming, etc. 

d. Attached to the predicate (or any of its ad- 
juncts), to emphasize the full extent of the state- 
ment (whether affirmative or negative). 

1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 17 Such as these never 
arise even to the universal Knowledge of Order. 1779 
Hervey Nav. Hist. 11. 335 These [conditions] the Pie hi 
ment disliked and even signified a disinclination to ratify. 
1841 Dickens Old C. Shop xlii, He maintained a strict 
reserve, and even shunned her presence. 1 Macavuray 
Hist. Eng. 1. 111 Nor had they ever .. found England an 
agreeable, or even a safe, residence. 

e. Emphasizing a comparative ; ¢ still’, ‘ yet’. 

173 - Butter Sevm. xi, It will even more strongly be 
taken for granted that, etc. x Gotpsm. Vic. W.1, The 
vanity and the satisfaction of my wife were even greater 
than mine. 1854 Mrs. Jameson Bk. of Th. (1877) 29 This 
advice is even more applicable to the painter. 

Even- (in early combs. repr. OTent. stem 
*ebno-, sometimes with adjectival, sometimes with 
adverbial force; in later use, combining directly 
as adj. or adv.). The forms are identical with 
those of the adj., but in ME. the - was often 
omitted. 

1. In various senses of the adj. Chiefly in para- 
synthetic derivatives, as + even-carriaged, -edged, 
-handed, -tempered, -toed, *-wayed 3 also in even- 
wise adv., in like manner. 

1670 Brooxs Wks. (1867) VI. 342 Upright hearts in their 
constant course are *even-carriaged hearts. 1672 Grew 
Anat. Plants, Idea Philos, Hist. § 6 Leaves, whichare Long 
or Round, *Even-edg’d or Escallop’d. a1825 Forsy Voc. 
E. Anglia s. v., An *even-flavoured day of rain. 1605 SHAks. 
Macé, 1. vii. to This *euen-handed Iustice Commends th’ 
Ingredience of our poyson’d Challice To our owne lips, 187 
FroubE Cesar xviil, 305 Pompey’s justice was even-handed. 
1849 J. F. Jounston Exper. Agriculture 120 To the 
.. “even-numbered portions, nothing was applied. 1875 
Farrar Seekers ut. 1. 267 Controlled, modest, faithful, and 
*even-tempered. 1 WEN in Circ. Sc. (c.1865) II. 79/2 
This .. family of ‘ artiodactyle’ or *even-toed beasts. ~ 34 
Narsoroucu in Acc, Sev, Late Voy. (1711) 64 These People 


EVEN. 


+. are smooth and even toothed and close set and very 
white, 1645 QuarLes So/, Recant. v. 84 This unlevells 
Thy *even-way’d Peace, with indigested evills. 1865 Swin- 
BURNE Poems & Bal., Two Dreams 78 Love..Tuned even- 
wise with colours musical, 

+2. Prefixed to sbs. with the sense ‘fellow-’, L. 
co-, as in even-disciple, -servant, -worker; even- 
knight, transl. of L. commitlito fellow-soldier ; 
even-next, ‘neighbour’ (in Biblical sense) ; even- 
sucker, a foster-brother; EVvEN-CHRISTIAN. On 
the analogy of these, eve- renders L, co- in even- 
buying, transl. of L. coemftzo purchase. Obs. 

This formation was common in OE,; examples of later 
origin chiefly occur in Wyclif. 

1382 Wycur 2 Macc. viii. 11 *Euyn byinge [1388 euen- 
biyng] of boonde men of Jewis. — Yohn xi. 16 Thomas.. 
seide to *euen disciplis, And go we. — Phil. ii. 25 Epaph- 
rodite, my brothir and *euene worchere, and myn *euene 
kny3t. c1178 Lamd, Hom. 13 Uwil(c) monscal his *euenexta 
beodan alswa he walde pet me him bude. 1382 Wyc.iF 
Rev. xix. 10, I am thin *euen seruaunt, and of thi britheren. 
[1388 Y am a seruaunt with thee]. — 2 Macc. ix. 29 Philip, 
his *euen souker [1388 euene soukere] transferride the body. 

8. In senses of theady. + a.=‘ Equally’, ‘simi- 
larly’, as in even-clad ppl. adj., even-high, -mighty, 
-rich, -right, -worth, -worthy, adjs.; also even- 
eche a., co-eternal; EvENMETE, EVENOLD. b.= 
‘Evenly’, as in even-pleached, -set, -spun. +. 
With quasi-prepositional sense, ineven-deed adv., 
according to fact, indeed. d, Straight, directly ; 
see EvEN-Down, -FORTH. 

1622 T. Scorr Belg. Pismire 81 The only glory is to be 
gay, and the greatest shame to be under-clad or *euen-clad 
to our callings. 1555 /#st. Gentleman (1568) I vij, He 
whyche is the rycher man doth seeme to dooe wronge vnto 
the other, although *euen deede he haue the wronge doone 
vnto hym. a1000 Crist 465 (Gr.) Zr Son up stige ancenned 
sunn, *Efenece bearn agnum fader. c 1000 A¢LFRICc //on7, 
(1846) II. s98 AElmihtiza God, pu de purh dinum euenecum 
Wisdome mannan gesceope. _¢ 1200 OrMIN 18582 He naffde 
nohht ben a33_ Hiss Faderr efenneche. azooo Dial. Devil 
& Recluse in Kemble Sad. §& Sat. (1848) 85 He dyde hine 
*efenheahne Gode. c1200 OrMIN 15720 Crist iss Godess 
Sune..& wibb hiss Faderr efennheh, /d7d. 18571 *Efenn- 
mahhti3 Godd wibb himm [pe Faderr]. 1599 Suaxs. /7en. |’, 
v. ii. 42 Her [France’s] Hedges *euen pleach’d.. Put forth 
disorder'd Twigs. c8g90 K. AELFrep Beda v. x, Weron hi 
eft *efenrice. c12z00 Ormin 11868 Te33 shulenn wurrpenn 
per Wibb enngless efennrike. 1382 Wyciir Ecclus. xlix. 
3 He is *euene ri3t [L. divectus] godly in the penaunce of 
folc. 1647 H. More Song of Soult, 11. 1x, A lower rank on 
either side we saw Of lesser shrubs *even-set with artifice. 
1645 QuarLes Sol, Recant. vi. 75 If the *even-spun Twine 
should be extended. 1388 Wycuir Yod xxviii. 19 Topasie of 
Ethiope schal not be maad *euene worth to wisdom. ¢ 1380 
— Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 323 Suffringis of bis tyme ben not 
*even-worpi to be glorie pat is to come. 1482 J/onk of 
Evesham (Arb.) 44 Y .. dyd not for my synnys euynworthy 
penans. 

Even (z‘v’n), v. Forms: 1 efnan, 2-3 efnen, 
(3 effnen), 3-4 evene(n, -yn, (4 emni, 6 evin), 
6-7 eeven, 8 eaven, 4- even. [OEF. efnan, also 
ge-efn(i)an, f. efen, EvEN a. Cf. OUG. ebandn 
(Ger. ebenen), ON. zafna, Goth. ga-rbnjan. 

The OE. ¢/nan, zfnan, to accomplish, achieve, correspond- 
ing to ON. e/za of same meaning, is wholly unconnected.] 

I. To make even, level, or straight. 

1. trans. a. To level (ground) ; to level, render 
plane or smooth (any surface) ; alsofg, +b. To 
bring up or restore to a level, orto a straight line. 
+e. To even out: to dispose evenly zzto. d. To 
fit (one thing) /o (another). 

a. ¢ 1200 ORMIN 9207 All patt ohht iss wrang & crumb 
Shall effnedd beon & rihhtedd. 1382 Wycuir /sa, xxviii. 25 
Whan he shal euenen therto his [the erthes] face, he shal 
sowe the sed gith. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. (MS. A.) 127 
Whanne hou hast removed of be boon bat schal be removed 
evene be brynkis with schavynge. c¢1420 Padlad. on Hush. 
v1. 39 And even the erthe above. 1581 Sipney A fol. Poetrie 
(Arb.) 54 Law, whose end is, to euen and right all things. 
1662 Merrett tr. Neri’s Art of Glass 364 Scissers cut the 
Glass, and even it. 1686 AcLionsy Painting [llust. 1. 28 
Upon a dry Wall, having first Evened it. 1712 J. JAMES 
tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 118 The Line and Rake for eaven- 
ing and smoothing the Ground. | 1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr. 
Stones 145 When the face of it is evened, it reflects images 
like a looking-glass. 1860 Pusry Min. Proph. 309 The Good 
Shepherd. .smoothed for them all rugged places, and evened 
them by His own steps. 1864 E, Burritt Lond. to Fohn 
O'Groat’s 318 The tailor’s shears, the mason’s trowel, and the 
carpenter’s edge, tools are evening everything in Christen- 
dom to one dead level of unilorae. A 

b. 1382 Wyciir 1 Kings xi. 27 Salomon beeldide Mello, 
and euenede the swelw3 of the citee of Dauid. c 1440 Prom. 
Parv. 143 Evenyn, or make evyn, 1688 Carr. J. S. Art 
of War 6 Even your Ranks, straiten your Files, a 1705 

VELYN (J.), Beat, roll, and mow carpet-walks. .for now the 
ground is supple, and it willeven all inequalities. 1849 S7- 
donia Sorc, 11. 290 The Prussian government. .desired the 
foundation to be evened, for it had sank in various places, 

c. 1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 2 Those things that 
right reason .. had evened out into ranks and kindreds by 
themselves, have been unhappily hudled and broken, 

. 1830 Parscr. 540/2 Even this lynyng to my gowne. 
1659 Hammonp Ox Ps, xviii. 33 Annot. 102 Evening or 
fitting [lit. tr. Heb, 11 meshavveh] my feet he makes 
them nimble. : 

+2. To level 40, w7th (the ground, etc.), In 
OE. example: To throw (a person) down. Oés. 

ax000 Riddles xxviii. (Gr.), Ic .. efne to eordan hwilum 
ealdne ceorl. 1382 Wyciir ¥er. 1. 12 Confoundid is 3oure 
moder ful myche, and evened to ponder. 1559 SACKVILLE 


EVEN. 

Mirr. Mag. (nduct. \xii, Walls and towers flat evened with 
the soyle. Rareicu Last Fight Rev. (Arb.) 21 Her 
vpper worke [was] rased, and .. euened shee was with the 
water. Heywoon 2nd Pt. Iron Age 1. Wks. 1874 III. 
393 Sees.. cauaky swolls he paul, tow 'd and euen’d. 

tb. To bi down to a specified level. Ods. 
exc. dial. 


1636 Rurnerrorp Lett. No. 70 (1862) I. 183 He w' not 
ift of dirt clay. 1650 H. Brooke Con- 

v, Evened my words to the meanest capa- 
1741 Ricuarpson Pamela 1.84 You do well, Sir, said 
I, to even x Wit to such a poor Maiden as me. 1880 
i own Gloss. s.v., | wouldn't even my wit to you. 

+3. To make (a balance) even. Obs. : 

a 1618 Rateicn Prerog. Parl. Ep. A iij4, The point of 
honour well weighed hath nothing in it to euen the ballance. 
1638 Cuiuincw. Relig. Prot. iii. § 86 Even the ballance, 
and hold it even. 21718 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. 1. 421 
Prudence and proportion will more than even the scale, 

+4. To make (accounts, etc.) even; to balance, 
settle, square ; to come to agreement upon (points 
of difference). Ods. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) II. 65 Foure prudent 
men wer chosin, on ilk side, to evin all debatis betwix thame. 
1619 Sir R. BoyLe in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 215 By my 

yment Mr. Dalton and I have evened all accompts. 


z 


epys Diary (1879) 111.11 He hath now evened his reckon- 


ings at the Wardrobe till Michaelmas last. 1719 W. Woop 
Surv. Trade 90 The goods we send to that Country are by 
no means sufficient to even the account between us. 1745 
De Foe's Eng. Tradesman (1841) U1. xlii. 141 He has evened 
all his differences. 1856 Mrs. Browntnc Aur. Leigh vu. 
(1882) 349 To sorrow for mankind And even their odds. 

absol. 1667 Perys Diary 13 Oct., Evened with W. Hewer 
for my expenses upon the road. 

b. 70 even up: to compensate exactly. 

1865 BusHNneELL Vicar. Sacr. Introd. 16 They take .. what 
he [Anselm] says of justice as if He [Christ] were engaged 
to even up the score of penalty. 

+c. To make (a person) ‘even’ or quits with 
another. Oés. 

1604 SHaks. Oth. 11. i. 308 Nothing .. shall content my 
Soule Till I am eeuen’d with him. 

+d. To bring into accord, reconcile. Ods. 

1620 Hore Subseciug 142 To euen and compound them 

[factions] in mutuall amity and agreement. 


5. +a. To make equal. Ods. rare. 


| even-down just. 


| blast, An even-doun pour. 


a1225 Ancr. R. 182 Sicknesse pet God sent ..efned bene | 


bolemode to martir. 1553 GrimaLvE Cicero's Offices 2a, 
That diligently you read not onely my Orations, but these 
Bookes also of Philosophy, which now well nigh to those 
have euened themselues in quantitie. 

b. To treat or represent as equal; to put on the 
same level; ef. to pretend to equality. Const. 0, 
with (in ME. 3). Also adso/. rare in mod. use 
exc. Sc. 

¢ 1200 OrmIN 1396 Enngless..wolldenn effnenn hemm 32n 
Godd. /éid. 15979 For batt te33 Hali3 Gastess mabht Effnenn 
wip perplic ahhte. 1340 Ayend. 16 Liztbere . .wolde by above 
pe opre angeles, and him wolde emni to God. 1382 Wyc.ir 
/sa. xlvi. 5 To whom licneden 3ee me, and eueneden and 
comparisounden me. a@r60g MontGoMFRIE Sonn. Ixii, I 
think it scorne..To euin an ape with aufull Alexander. 1815 
Scotr Guy M. xi, They never thought..of evening them- 
selves to the Ellangowans. 1 — Redgauntlet \et. xii, 
‘Me and Miss Lilias even'd thegither! Na, na, lad —od, 
she is. .four or five years younger.’ 1830 Gatt Laurie 7. v1. 
i. (1849) 254 The idea of me evening myself in sincerity to 
their mother. 1881 Sat. Rev. No. 1323. 301 We disclaim the 


336 


the King himself. Futter Holy War 192 The English 
Earl. .conceived caeiree eee toe eect end saontieh 
knowledge. 1886 Burton Arad, Nes. (Abr. ed.) I. 177 A 
dai who eveneth thee in beauty. — 
+b. To act up to, keep pace with. Obs. rare—'. 
161x SHAKS. Cymb, m1. iv. 184 Wee’l euen All that good 


time giue vs. 
Hence E-vened ///. a. 
1847 Busune.y Chr. Nurt. u. iii. (1861) 275 In the molds 


ofa fectly evened judgement. 
+ “ven-Chri-stian. Obs. Forms : (see EVEN 


a. and CHRISTIAN). [f. Even-+ CHRISTIAN ; cf. 
OF ris. tvinkerstena, OHG. ebanchristani (MHG. 
ebenkristen).| A fellow-Christian. 

Yex100 Laws Edw. Conf. § 36 Fratrem suum .. quod 
Angli dicunt his emcristen. c¢1175 Lamb. 
pine euecristene. hid. 149 Rew) 
wawe. ¢1340 Hampo.e Prose Tr. 21 Envy and ire a 
= even cristene. c¢ 1386 CHaucer Pars. T. P 521 

ip of God, and helping of thin even cristen. 1450-1; 

Myrr.our Ladye 99 Some longe to god, somme to oure selfe 
and some to our euen crysten. 1544 Exhort. in Priv. 
Prayers (1851) 568 Brotherly love .. toward all our even 
Christen. 1552 Latimer Serm. Lord's Prayer vii. 51 To 
hate his euen Christian or to do other manner of sinnes. 
1602 Suaxs. Ham. vy. i. 32 The more pitty that folke 
should haue countenance .. to drowne or hang themselues, 
more then their euen Christian. 

E-vendown, adv. and a. north. (Often hy- 
phened, or as two words.) Also 4 evenden. [f. 


EVEN adv. (sense 5) + Down adv.] 
A. adv, 


or- 


+1. Straight down. Obs. 

c1ygo Gaw. & Gr. Kn. 1345 So ryde pay of by resoun 
bi be rygge bonez, euenden to pe haunche. c¢ 1400 Destr. 
Troy 13285 Thai..derkon euon down on a depe slomur. 

2. dial. =‘ Downright’; quite, thoroughly. 

1869 Lonsdale Gloss. s.v., ‘ He threaped ma evven-down’ 
=He flatly contradicted me. 1876 Whitby Gloss. s.v., That's 
1877 Holderness Gloss. sv., He's even- 
doon fond, is that lad. 

B. adj. (dial.) 

1. Coming straight down: said of rain. 

1801 Har'st Rig \xxxiii. (Jam.), Now it turns an eident 
1822 Gat Steam Boat 258 An 
even-doun thunder-plump came on, that. .drookit the Doctor 
to the skin. 1880 Antrim and Down Gloss. s.v., There was 
an even down pour. 

2. a. Of persons, in a good sense: Upright, 


| straightforward ; in a bad sense: Downright, out 


| and out. 


slightest idea of evening the two poets, which would be | 


simply absurd. 
pathos, again to be evened only to Shakespere’s. 

e. Sc. ‘To talk of one person as a match for 
another in marriage’ (Jam.). 

1823 Locxnart Reg. Dalton III. 119 (Jam.), ‘ Would ony 
Christian even yon bit object to a bonny, sonsy, weel-faurd 
young woman like Miss Catline?’ 

dial. To treat as appropriate to (a person’s 
character); chiefly in bad sense, to impute /o. 

1845 Mrs. S. C. Hatt Wahiteboy 1. iv. 58 It’s long since I 
heard such a thing as that [having a nice cottage and some 
Reape Chr. Fohnstone 


fields] evened to a poor man. 1 
at I’m seeking a lad?’ 


261 ‘How daur ye even to me, t 
1880 Antrim & Deum Gloss. s. v., Would you even the like 
of that to me, 1884 /l/ust. Lond. News 2 Feb. 114/3 I'd 
have knocked any one down that had evened Such a thing 
to you in my hearing. ‘ 

. To liken, compare. Ods. exc. dial. 

cgso Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii. 24 Jeefned bib. ¢1200 
Trin. Coll. Hom. 161 Dis woreldes biwest is efned to 
wastene. arzaag Ancr. R. 132 Auh pe treowe ancren we 
efned to briddes. cr Lives Saints (1887) 62 For ore 
louerd euenede him-sulf to a lomb, 1860 Reape Cloister 
4 H. IV. 258 Would ye even a beast toa man? 1863 C. J. 
Arkinson Provinc. aaaby; Even, to compare, to liken. 

II. To be or become even. 
+7. intr. a. To be equal or comparable. Const. 
to, with. Obs. 
1230 Hali Meid. 19 Hare weden ne mahen euenen to 
hare. a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom, 251 Helle is. . 
ful of brune uneuenlich, for ne mei nan ich fur euenin 
towart. ¢1325 = E, Allit. P. as 2 What — 
mone com lym..to euen wyt! worply. jt. 
+b. a tally, agree with; also, to be 

with. Obs. 


1602 Carew Cornwall (J.), A redoubled numbering never 
— with _ cps an oes Diary 22 aa Bh 
estminster, where e shops evening 
the sides of the houses. . 
8. trans. To come up to, equal. rare. 
1583 Stanvuurst Anes u. (Arb.) 58 A toure .. that in 
altitud euened Thee stars. om 4 Torsei. Serpents (1653) 
647 In bignesse he [the Drone] eveneth, yea, su! 


1887 Saintssury Eliz. Lit. 201 A touch of | b 
| pat 


b. Of statements, etc.: Downright, 
direct. Of things: Downright, sheer; absolute. 

1786 Burys Twa Dogs 206 But Gentlemen, an’ Ladies 
warst, Wi’ ev’n doun want o’ wark are curst. 1789 SILLaR 
Poems 186 It was a fiction, An ev’n doun perfect contradic- 
tion. 1818 Scott Rob Roy vi, To tell your honour the even 
down truth. 1823 Petticoat Tales I. 288 (Jam.) 1 may hae 
said that Andrew liked a drap drink, but that’s no just an 
even doun drinker. 1826 J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 
1855 I. 63, I never heard such evendown nonsense. .in a’ my 
born days. 1834 Sir H. Tayior A rtevelde 1, x. (1849) 33 In 
the even-down Totter youare right. 1877 V. W. Linc. Gloss. 
s.v., He’s a strange punct’al man, as even down to the 
ground as can be. 

+ E-vene, s/. Os. Also 3 efne, efene. [ME. 
efne, evene, ad. ON. efni material, f/. ability, OSw. 
xfni (Sw. xmna stuff, Da. evne ability).] 

1. Material; subject-matter. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 335 (Cott.) Of himself he toke his euen 
e of wroght bath erth and heuen. 1423 Jas. I Aingis 
oH rar Quhat nedis me, apoun so litill evyn, To writt 
all this? 

2. a. Nature; form or shape. b. Natural powers. 

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 137 se heuenliche bremnesse was 
mid him po he fulcnede ure helende. Pe fader on stefne. 
Pe sunne on mannes efene. Pe holi gost on culures hewe. 
a1225 Ancr. R. 126 Ancre..ouhte leden herd lif, ase 
dude pe lefdi Iudit, efter hire efne. a@ 122g Leg. Kath. 57 
Euchan bi his euene..wurdschipede his maumez. ¢ 1230 
Hali Meid. 43 Ha cwikede of cleane cunde, as is in engles 
euene. /éid. 43 A charbucle is betere pen a iacinct ibe euene 
of hare cunde. ax1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 187 He mot 
scottin efne after his euene. 1325 Pol. Songs (1839) 157 
Somenours..Mys motinde men alle by here evene. 

+ Everne. v. Ods. [ad. L. Sen-ire to come 
out, happen, f. 2- out + venire to come.] intr. To 
come to pass, happen, result. 

mae Scudery’s Curia Pol. 10 He must necessarily 
have his particular interest, besides the publique, which can- 
not but evene and h on many occasions. 1663 Flagel- 
Zum, or O. Cromwell | (1872) 89 The Scotch War now even- 
ing, the lucky minute was come. 1669 BoyLe Contn, New 
Exp. ui. ( arf 57 To try whether the same success would 
evene with all unripe fruits. 1702 C. Marner Af Chr. 
u. App. (1852) 210 God sometimes may suffer such gs to 
evene. 

+Evenement. Ols. rare. [a. F. événement 
event, occurrence; see prec. and -MENT.] An oc- 
currence ; an issue, result. 

1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. Relig. 1. i. 6 A Providence .. 
which disp of all of things ly to his 
will. Gate Crt. Gentiles U1. 1. 524 +. contem- 
plates. .in his own wil the efficient of al future evenements. 

Evener (7v'no1). [f. Even v. + Er1,] One 
who or that which makes even; esp. one who 
makes or is a party to an equal division of any- 


thing. 

a Hymn to Virgin in Warton Hist. . Poetry 

(1840) Ti. x. 109 Heil evenere of old lawe of newe. 
in Rev. Apr. 364 The ‘Cattle Eveners’ Pool’ in 

Chicago was the result of a contract between the four 


EVENING. 


1874 Kwicut Dict. Mech., Evener, a dou 
to ‘even’ or divide the work of pulling upon the respective 
t+Even forth, adv. and . Obs, Also 
Emrortu. [f. Even eran A tig 
1 Senich Cf. Even adv. 

t on. . EVEN . 5. 
1394 P. Pi. Os ect 


went. 
2. (Just so far. Hence) Equally (wth). . [Cf. 
OF. sa fee set ee 
P. PLB. Lere louye pi 
Zebvhbae Seka 
B. prep. To the extent of ; in proportion to. 
€ 1314, € 3374 1393 {see Emrortu.] 1377 Lanect. P. Pi. 


B. xix. 305 uite to alle euene forth his powere. 
1413 Lyne. Pilgr. 1, xxx. (1859) 33 To amende and 
satysfy for his trespaas..euen forth his power. 


+E-venhead, e'venhood. Forms: 4-5 
evenhede, 5 evenhode, evynhede, -hoode. 
[OE. *efenhdd (cf. efenhdda bisceop co-bishop), f. 
efen EVEN a.+hdd rank: see -HEAD, -HOOD]. 

1. Equality ; position of equality ; equal dignity 
or rank. 

a1340 Hampoce Psalter-xviii. 7 He stegh in til heuen til 
pe euenhede and ioy of his fadere. c1440 Hyiton Scala 
Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xxviii, He shal areyse hem aboue 
al other chosen soules to the euenhede of cherubyn & sera- 
phyn. 1483 Cath. Ang/. 118 An Evyn-hede, eguaditas. 

b. concr. One who is of equal rank; also some- 
thing equieniont, 

cx . Brunne Chron. (1810) 253 Sir Edward .. suilk 
on wild he take His euenhed in mariage. ¢1380 WycuiF 
Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 361 Pes bree vertues .. ben evenhed to 
—- witt. 1570 Levins Manip. 206 Euenheads, co- 
equ Ss. 

. a. Impartiality, fairness, equity. b. Equili- 
brium, well-balanced state (of mind). 

cr R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 37 Bobe riche & pouere 
he ead in euenhede. a 1340 umes Psalter ix. 8 He 
sall deme pe world of pe erth in euenhed. a 1400 Relig. 
Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 1x Pat kepes vs fra owterage and 
haldes vs in evenhede [frinted everhede]. c 1400 Test. Love 
ut. (1560) 293/2 By evenhede profitably to rayne. 1496 
Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) u. xviii. 130/2 Equyte..ne euen- 
hode in shyftynge and in demynge myght not entre. 

+ Eve‘nie . Obs. rare—.  [f. L. evenient- 
em, pt. pple. of évenire to happen: see -ENCY.] 
Coming to 

1656 Jeanes Fudn. Christ 341 The effects of Christs obe- 
dience transcend those of A disobedi , in d of 
certainty of eveniency. : 

Evening (fvnin), s.. Forms: 1 éfnung, 3 
eveningue, 4-6 evenyng(e, (7 Sc. e’ening), 3- 


evening. [OE. #/nung, verbal sb. f. #/nian ‘to 
grow tow: evening ’, f. &fen Even sb. 


The vb. occurs in K. Aitrrep tr. Greg. Dial. (Hatton 
MS.) 1. x, Ls se daz wfnode. Alsoin tr. Bedade Temp., 
Sax. Leeci s IIL. 260.) 

+1. The coming on of ‘ even’, the process or fact 
of growing dusk; the time at which this takes 
place, the time about sunset. Ods.; me in 2. 


Se Gen. oe com 8a on eft to 

oe. CE AY. 3041 t to euening 

walan pe king. ote Sabets (0887) to n be euen- 
ingue riz3ht Seint Ieme cam to him ri 1382 Wyciir 
‘att, xxvii. $7 Whanne the euenyng was 4 came 

a riche man fro Ai ia. 1440 Bone Flor. 1458 To hyt 

drewe to the e 


venynge. 

2. As @synonym of even, which it has now 
superseded in ordinary use: The close of the day ; 
usually, the time from sont sunset pod ome. 

Pi . Pare. venynge, 
da ca Dove Nommmeniess weyee, be Se? Peat os Wo. 
fall wen the newes I receyved this ee 1613 SHaks. 
Hen. VITT, . ii, 226, 1 shall fall Like a bright ex! on 
in the Euening. 1742 Watts Jmprov. Mind 1. i. § 9 The 
Lhrpe cep pup ad evening thrice run over the actions 
and affairs of the day. 1767-98, Macnew. Will§ Jean v1 
The tears that now ihe e’ening Bleach’d her lately crimson 
cheek. 1860 Tynpatt G/ac. 1. xviii. 122 On the evening of 
the same day. 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 111 People met 
.-at the supper at nine in the evening. 


¥ : and fig. The cl declining 
crted eet assent Gh or py Pi psa 


Oe i World (J.), The long day of mankind 
1614 Rateicn Hist. Wor Or! @, long Hist. re 


vr (iba) agort He 
mad Beata end ‘not 


EVENING. 


those ‘little evenings’, as his aunt termed them. 1881 H. 
James Portr. Lady xxxv, Mrs. Osmond having an ‘even- 
ing ’—she taken the Thursday of each week. 1883 J. 
Hatton in Harper's Mag. Nov. 844/2 Smoking parties and 
weekly ‘evenings’. 

+4. dial. (See quot.; possibly this belongs to 
next word.) Ods. 


1695 Kennett Par. Antig. Gloss., Evenings, the delivery 
at even or night, of a certain portion of grass or corn toa 
customary tenant, who performs his wonted service of mow- 
ing or reaping for his lord, and at the end of his day’s work 
receives such a quantity of the grass or corn..as a gratuity 
or encouragement of his bounden service. 1721-1800 in 
Battey; hence in mod. Dicts. 


5. attrib. and Comb, a. Simple attrib. or quasi- 
adj. with sense ‘pertaining to evening, occurring 
in the evening’, etc. 


1535 CovERDALE Zech. xix.7 Aboute the euenynge tyme 
it shal be light. xg91 SHaks. Two Gent. iv. il. 17 Now 
must we .. giue some euening Musique to her eare. 1651 
Davenant Gondibert u. i. (R.), Near to his evening region 
was the sun. 1677 Gitpin Demionol. (1867) 22 Knowledge 
..from the effects of things ; which, because it is more dark 
and obscure than that which ariseth from the causes of 
things, they [the schoolmen] termed evening knowledge. 
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. u1. 521 The cool Evening-breeze 
the Meads renews. Jéid. 1v. 628 A Shepherd’s Groom 
Surveys his Ev’ning Flocks returning Home. 1704 Pore 
Pastorals, Autumn 40 The birds shall cease to tune their 
ev’ning song. bid. Winter 45 No grateful dews descend 
from ev’ning skies. 1711 SHartess. Charac. (1737) II. 282 
We took our evening-walk in the fields. 1712 Appison 
Psalm xix, Soon as the evening shades prevail. 1725 Pore 
Odyss. xix. 83 A day-devourer, and an evening-spy! 1728 
— Dunc. u. 72 At early dawn to drop Her evening cates 
before his neighbour’s shop. @ 1763 SHENsTONE Llegies 
vu. 5, I saw my friends in ev’ning circles meet. 1804 T. 
a Writ. (1830) IV. 19 My evening prospects now 

ang on the slender thread of a single life. 1870 Dickens 
£. Drood iv, 1 have been .. wasting my evening conversa- 
tion on the desert air. 1879 E. Garretr House by the 
Works I. 188 Aunt Barbara.. took her to the evening 
classes of the Art School, 

b. In various combinations of a more permanent 
character, chiefly simple attv7d., as eventng-hymn, 
+-mass, -prayer, -sacrifice, -service, etc.; also 
evening-bird (see quot.); evening dress, the 
costume prescribed by fashion to be worn in the 
evening ; + evening end, app. the western end (of 
a mine work) ; evening flower, a genus of plants 
(Hesperantha, N.O. Jridacex) so called because 
its flowers expand early in the evening; +evening 
glade, ? some atmospherical phenomenon seen in 
the evening ; evening gun (see quot.) ; evening- 
lighted Z//. a., illuminated by the light of the 
evening; evening party, a social gathering be- 
ginning some time in the evening (cf. 3); even- 
ing-primrose (see quot. 1872) ; +evening-song 
= EVENSONG ; evening-star, applied with definite 
article to Venus, with indef. art. also to Jupiter 
and Mercury, when seen in the west after sunset, 
also fig.; evening-tide = EVENTIDE. 

1884 Girl's Own Paper Feb. 227/2 The gecko..is some- 
times known as the *‘ Evening Bird’, 1880 Mrs. Forres- 
TER Roy § V. I. 11 ‘Have you no *evening-dress’ asks 
Netta. 1684 Copper Mines ii. in Phil. Trans. XVII. 741 
Which Seam or Vein did go from the *Evening-end to the 
Morning-end of the said Work. a Craic, Hesfer- 
antha, The *Evening-flower. 1866 in Treas, Bot. 1714 
Phil. Trans. XXIX. 66 In the next place he mentions the 
*Evening Glade. 1748 Axson’s Voy. u. iii. 145The Master of 
the Pink was doh on to omit firing the *evening gun. 
1810 Naval Chron. XXIII. 121 The guard ship fires even- 
ing and morning guns. 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., 
Evening Gun, the warning-piece, after the firing of which 
the sentries challenge. 1832 TENNyson Margaret, From 
the *evening-lighted wood. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Fu. 1. i. 
38 Shall I come to you at *euening Masse? 1871 Temple 
Bar May 229 Inall places where Londoners do congregate, 
whether at dinner or *evening parties. 1879 Robinson 
Coward Conse, u. vii, In true evening-party fashion. 1 
Suaxs. Merry W. 1. ii. 100 A ciuill modest wife..that will 
not misse you morning nor *euening prayer. 1872 OLIVER 
Elem. Bot. 1. 172 The expansion of the flowers in the even- 
ing only, of Common (Enothera .. hence called *Evening 
Primrose. 1882 Garden 22 July 64/3 The Evening Prim- 
rose covers the ground with large pale lemon flowers. 1, 
CoverpaLe 1 Esdras viii. 72, I sat still full of heuines vntill 
the *euenynge sacrifice. 1794 Mrs. Rapciirre Myst. 
Udolpho ii, St. Aubert read, in a low and solemn voice, the 
*Evening Service. 1634 Canne Wecess. Separ. (1849) 89 
To use it as Papists did their matins and *evening song. 
1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dudit. u. ii. § 61 Untill the 
Evening song be finished, for then the Ecclesiastical 
solemnity is over. c1740 SHENSTONE Rafe Traf, en 
the bell rung For evening song, His dinner scarce was 
ended. 1535 Coverpate Ps. Ixiv. [Ixv.] 8 Thou makest 
both the mornynge and *euenynge starres to prayse y’. 
1667 Mitton P. LZ. vii. 519 Till the amrous Bir off Night 
.. bid haste the Evening Starr On his Hill top. 1781 
Cowper Retirement 46 Ere we yet discern life’s evening 
star. 1812 WoopnHouse Astyon. xxiii. 240 Venus: This 
brilliant star when seen in the’ west setting soon after the 
sun, is known by the name of the Evening Star. 1819 
Byron Yuan 1. cxxii, "Tis sweet to see the evening star 

ppear. 1886 Whitaker's Al; 17 Venus is an evening 
star in the first half of the month[February]. 1552 Hutoer, 
*Euenynge tyde, or euentyde. x61r Biste 2 Sam. xi. 2 It 
came to passe in an euening tide, that Dauid arose from off 
his bed. 174 R. Bair Grave 716 Behold him in the even- 
ing-tide of a a 1800 CowrEeR Moralizer corrected 12 To 
serious thought at evening-tide, 

Vou. III. 


337 


Hence (nonce-wwds.) E’veningless a., without 
an evening ; E’veningly adv., every evening. 

1825 Blackw. Mag. XVIII. 441 And eveningless that 
sunny noon of heart. 1844 J. T. Hewett Parsons §& W. 
xxviii, Daily, or more correctly, eveningly. 

+ Evvening, s/.2 Ods. [f. EVEN v. + -ING1.] 

1. The action of the vb. Even: a. the action 
of making even, level, or smooth; b. ?the action 
of comparing; hence, comparison (quot, 1230, 
which may belong to next word). 

c1230 Hali Meid.7 Heouenliche luren..passed alle odre 
widuten eueninge. x§11-2 Act 3 Hen. VI, c. 6.§ 1 Suche 
byer..may drawe and strayn them [clothes] for evenyng of 
them oonly. x161rx CotGR., Vxiement, an euenning, equal- 
ling, planing. 1670 NarsorouGu in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 
1. (1711) 73, Peay where the Natives had been by the even- 
. of the Grass. — ; . 

. The condition of being even; equality. 

c 1400 Destr. Troy 3372 Pi maister..neuer yet of nobley 
An euenyng to me, 

+ E-vening, sJ.3anda@. Ods. [a. ON. zafning-i, 
sb. f. 7afn Even a. But possibly this may have 
blended with an adv. f. OF. efex, EVEN a. + -znga, 
-unga advb. suffix.] 

A. sd. An equal, one of the same rank; a 
‘match’; a neighbour (in scriptural sense). 

az2z00 Moral Ode 162 in Lamb. Hom. 169 Per sculen 
eueningges bon pe riche and the lage. c 1200 ORMIN 10702 
Tatt tu wibb pin efenninng pe metelike lede. @ra2g Leg. 
Kath. 119 Heo. .undernam hit [lare] se wel Pat nane ne was 
hire euening. c 1325 Chron. Eng. 24 in Ritson Metr. Rom. 
II. 271 Geomagog hatte here Kyng, Me nuste no wer ys 
evenyng. c1450 Myrc 1229 Hastthou enuyet thyn euenynge. 

B. aaj. ? or adv. 

1, [The sb. or adv. used predicatively.] Equal; 
on a level; of the same rank. Const. fo, wth. 

¢ 1200 OrMIN 13674 Pe labe gast patt wollde ben effninn 
wibp Godd. a 1225 Ancr. R. 334 Hwuche undeauwes beo' 
efnunge to beos. a 1300 Cursor M. 11688 (Cott.) Pe crop 
was euening to pe rote. /éd. 23392 Pat ilk ban mai pe 
angels do bat pou sal euening pan be to. ¢ 1400 Dest», Troy 
2217 Of any erdyng in erthe euenyng to vs. 

2. As adv. qualifying an adj. 

¢ 1300 Cursor M, 28170 (Cott.) Of him pat was myn euen- 
ing rike. 

+ E-venkin, 2. Obs. rave—!. [f. Even a. + 
Kin ; cf. ALKIN.] Of the same kindred. 

c14530 Lay Folks Mass-bk, 72 We sal make a specialle 
prayer for..all oure euenkyn saules. 

+ E-venleche, v. Os. [OE. (ge-efenliécan, f. 
efen, EVEN a. + -lecan, f. -iic (see -LOCK) used as 
suffix forming sbs. of quality.] ¢vazs. To imitate. 

c 1000 Ps. Ixxxviii. 7 (Lye). c1000 ELFric Hom. I]. 34 
He [Stephanus] .. Cristes .. sebysnunge zrfestlice zeefen- 
leahte. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 113 Sodliche nis nan mon wel 
cristene butan pe be criste euenleched, 

+Ervenlength. 00s. In 3 3evelengdhe. [a. 
ON. zafnlengd, t. zafn equal, EVEN + /engd length.] 
The time of year when the days and nights are of 
equal length; the equinox. 

c12g0 Gen. § Ex. 147 In geuelengdhe worn it [de mones 
ligt] mad. 

+ E-venless, z. Ods. [f. EvEN a. + -LESS.] 
Without evenness; unrhythmical ; awkward. 

1652 AsHMOLE Theat. Chem. Proleg. 12 The slow and 
evenlesse Numbers of Prose. 

+ Evenle’sten. Ods. [OE. efe(z)léste, wk. 
fem.] Some plant. (Cockayne’s rendering ‘ ever- 
lasting’ is due to mistaken etymology.) 

¢ 1000 Sax. Leechd. 11. 78 Grundeswelge, hole cersan, 
wegbraede, efelaste, ontre..wel on buteran eal togedere. 
Tbid. III. 2 With heafod wrace gzenim hamorwyrt & efen- 
lastan nydowearde. c1265 Voc. Names Plants in Wr.- 
Wiilcker 559 Mercurialis, i. euenlesten, i. mercurial [Even- 
Zesten, The herb mercury, Halliwell]. 

+ Evvenlikly, adv. Obs. rare. [f. ME. evenly, 
EVENLY @.+-LY2.] a. Directly, in a direct line; 
b. exactly. Cf. EVENiy adv. 2. 

c¢1425 WynToun Cron. iv. viii. 2 A thowsand a hundyr 
and fyfty And thre yhere thare-till ewynlykly. /ézd. vu. 
iii. 113 Bot fra the stok down ewynlykly Discendand per- 
sownys lynealy. 

+E-venliness. 0s. Also 1 efnlicnesse, 
emlicnes. [OE. ¢efnlicnesse, f. efnlic, efenlic, 
EVENLY @.+-NESS.] The quality of being even ; 
equality, evenness ; adaptation, suitability. 

c897 K. ELFrED Gregory’s Past. xvii. 122 Hie healdad ma 
seferraedenne & efnlicnesse Sonne ealdordom. a 1000 Ead- 
wine's Cant. Psalt. cxviii. [cxix.] 144 Emlicnes zewitnesse 
pin on ecnesse. 1674 N. Farrrax Bulk & Selv. 8 If we do but 
allow God to deal with us..in wayes bearing an evenliness 
with our kind. 

+E-venling. Os. Also 1 efnling, 1-2 efen- 
ling. [OE. efenling, f. efen, EVEN a. + -LING.] 
An equal, fellow-man, ‘ neighbour ’. 

axo00 Eadwine’s Cant, Psalt, xliv. 8 [xlv. 7] Foreden 
smirede de god god pin of ele blisse fore efnlinge pine. 
¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 57 Luuien pi cristen euenling Alswa be 
seoluen in alle bing. é7d. 67 Pin sunful efenling luue him 
for godes bing. 

+ E-venlong, a. and adv. Obs. Also evelong, 
[f. Even- + Lone a. 

The stymologicet notion is obscure; perh. the adv. origi- 
nated first, and the adj. use was developed from the sense 
‘straight along’, with the help of some confusion with 
Avetonc. In OE, efelang occurs once (‘ bet cude hol., 


EVENLY. 


pet he efelang zr zefylde’ Riddles xlv. 7), with the sense 
‘of the same length’, or perh. ‘lengthwise ’.] 
A. adj. Oblong. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 405 Butter, melk and chese 
I-schape euelong and cornered wise [oblongus et tetragonus]. 
1398 — Barth. De P. R. m. xvii. (Tollem. MS.), An euen 
longe tre meuid swyftly semep rounde. did. v. ix. (1495) 
115 Euenlonge browes wyth lytyll heer sygnefyeth coward- 
nesse, c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 53 Take pe Stuffe of be 
Porke, & putte it on euelong cofyn of fayre past. 1565 
Goxp1nc Ovid's Met. vitt.(1593) 199 This brooke is woont.. 
evelong stones [L. od/igua saxa] to carrie With hideous 
roring downe his streame. 

B. adv. a. Straight along, ina line. b. In an 
oblong form. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.v. xxxvi. (1495) 148 The 
herte is euenlonge shapen as a toppe. 14.. Porkington 
MS. in Wright Dict. s.v., One the upper syde make holys 
evenelonge, as many as thou wylt. 

+ Evenly (7vnli), 2. Ods.exc. Sc. Forms: see 
Even a. and -ty 1. [ME. evenlich, OE. efenlic, f. 
efen, EVEN a.+-lic, -LY 1, Cf. ON. zafnligr, Goth. 
zbnaletks.] 

1. Equal; of the same character, degree, rank, 
weight, etc. Of a date: The same (cf. EvEN a. 
14b). 

a 1000 Crist 39 (Gr.) Nenig efenlic dam zr ne siddan in 
worlde ewes wiles gearnung. c 1200 OrMIN 1837 Michaa:l 
bitacnebp uss..whillc iss wipp Godd allefennlic. c 1275 in 
O. E. Misc. go Haly thomas of heoueriche Alle apostles 
eueliche. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chroz. (1810) 318 Pe date was 
euenlik, a bousand pre hundred & tuo, Whan pe Erle of 
Karrik turned pe Scottis fro. ¢1374 CHAuceR Boeth. 11. ix. 
88 pou by euenlyk causes enhaunsest be soules and be lasse 
liues. c1425 Wyntoun Crom. vu. iii. 77 3houre modyr and 
I in ewynlyk gre Discendand fra be stok are we. 1513 
Dovuctas ners v. viii. 2 Eneas .. Twa evinlie burdouns 
walit..And equale armour. .On schulderis ..buklis he. 

+b. Equal to one’s needs; moderate. Ods. 
c12z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Det foremeste [Temperancia] 
is riht medeme mel .. Dat oder [Modica potio] is emliche 
drinke..for to beten his purstes nede. 

2. Even: a. Of persons: Fair, equitable, just, 
impartial. 

c1425 WynTOouN Crox. v. x. 882 Sutyle off ingyne he was: 
and eloquent And ewynlyk in-till jugement. 1488 Sc. Acts 
Jas. [IV (1814) 210/2 Personis .. vnsuspect to his hienes, & 
evinly to all his liegis. 1494 Act. Dom. Conc. 361 (Jam.) 
‘The money. .salbe layit in ane evinly manis hand. _ 1567 in 
G. Buchanan Detect. Q. Mary (1572) sig. X iiij a, I desyre 
the mony to be consignit into an eeuenly mans hand. 

b. Of the ground, roads, etc.: Free from in- 
equalities, level, smooth, uniform. 

172zx Ramsay Poents, To R. Yarde, Poets show’d these 
evenly roads That lead to dwellings of the gods. 1808-25, 
Jamigson s.v., We speak .. of an evinly course, both as re- 
specting progress in a journey, and the tenor of one’s 
conduct. 

Evenly (7wnli), adv. [OE. efenlice: see EvEN 
a, and -LY 2.] In an even manner or degree. 

The physical senses are of late emergence, having in early 
use been expressed by Even adv. 

1. So as to present an even or uniform surface or 
line; smoothly, without inequalities in level, form, 
texture, consistency, depth of tint, etc. 

1634-5 Brereton Jvrav. (1844) 49 The court ..is most 
evenly paved with bricks. @1639 Wotton (J.) A palish 
clearness, evenly and smoothly spread..of a pretty solid 
consistence. 1755 in JoHNsoN. 1879 G, GLADSTONE in 
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1. 151 The paste is spread evenly 
upon the table to an exact depth. 


+2. In a straight line, directly. Ods. 

1596 SHaxs. 1 Hen. JV, m1. i. 103 Here the smug and 
Siluer Trent shall runne, In .a new Channell, faire and 
euenly. 1599 — Hen. V, 11. iv. 91 You find him euenly 
deriu’d From his most fam’d, of famous Ancestors. 

b. In an even direction or position w7th. 

1599 SHAKS. Much Adou., ii. 7 Whatsoeuer comes athwart 
his affection, ranges euenly with mine. 1875 Brprorp 
Sailor's Pocket Bk. iv. (ed. 2) 93 Looking carefully up the 
vernier, the third line above the figure 3 is seen to lie evenly 
with a line on the scale. ee 

+3. Exactly ; in exact coincidence or agreement. 

1325 Metr. Hom. 96 The stern, that thaim the gat gan 
schawe..com euenlye Thar Crist was abowen. 1375 BARBOUR 
Bruce x. 228 Quhen it [the wain] wes set evinly Betuix the 
chekys of the 3et. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 179 He.. Let make 
of gold. .A precious ymage riche After his fader evenliche. 
cu Pecock Refr. V. iii. 496 Euenlier and more accord- 
ingli. x12 Act. 4 Hen. VIII, c. 19. § 10 The hole some.. 
evenly agreable and concordaunte with the hoole some com- 
prised in the seid endenture. c f 

+b. At the very moment ; immediately. Ods. 
c1350 Will. Palerne 1747 To hei3 vs hastily henne..ich 
hope be pe best, euenly pis euen while. /éid. 5338 Eche 

man was esed euenliat wille. K ; 

4. With reference to movement or action: With- 
out fluctuations or variations ; equably, uniformly. 

1671 Mitton Samson 671 Thou towards him with hand 
so various..Temper’st thy providence through his short 
course: Not evenly, as thourul’st The angelicorders. 1674 
N. Farrrax Bulk & Selv. 117 A wheel of manifold rims.. 
would make out uneven bows of circles, in even shares of 
time, the whole wheel being evenly turned. @ 1732 ATTER- 
Bury Sev. (1740) I. vii. 251 Weare so apt to forget God’s 
administration of the great affairs below, when they go on 
evenly and regularly, od. The hind wheel of my bicycle 
doesn’t run evenly. i 

b. With equanimity or evenness of mind; se- 
renely, tranquilly. 

at Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 11 Strenghe 
..of herte and will euynly to suffire be wele and pe waa. 

43 


EVENMETE. 


1682 Norris Hierocles Pref. 19 That can look upon another 
man’s ds evenly and ingly as if they were his own. 
1844 STANLEY Arnold (1858) II. x. 275 To be ready to bear 
evenly, not sullenly. 

5. Without inclination to either side. a. In a 
state of equipoise ; under even conditions ; without 
manifest advantage on either side. b. Impartially, 
fairly, justly, equitably. 

az2so Prov. A 9 in O. E. Misc. 106 And pe clerek 
and be knyht he schaille demen euelyche [a 1275 (27d text) 
euenliche} riht. Barzour Bruce vu. 10% I trow he 
suld be hard to sla, And he war bag ih ta —— 
Acts Fas. I (1597) § 45 Gif the Iudge refusis to do the 
Law eavenlie, the partie compleinand sall haue recourse to 
the King. c1470 Henry Wadlace v1. 53 He thinkis als 
luff did him hye awance, So ewynly held be fauour the bal- 
lance. 1g09 Frsner Fun. Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. 297 
[She] prouyded men lerned..euenly & indyfferently to here 
all causes. a 1626 Bacon Advice to Villiers (J.), It behoves 

ou to carry yourself wisely and evenly between them [the 
Ling and prince] both. 1742 Benttey (J.), Being evenly 
balanced between infinite attractions. 1843 ArNnoLp //ist. 
Rome Il. 157 A single battle, evenly contested and hardly 
won. 1855 heacioray Hist. Eng. U1. 255 The Sove- 
reign..had not the power to bear himself evenly between 
his large and his small kingdom. 1878 Lecxy Eng. in 18th 
C. I. i. 118 The apparent wishes of the nation hung so evenly 
and oscillated so frequently. 

6. Equally. +a. In an equal degree or propor- 
tion. Sometimes followed by as. Obs. 

axzooo tr. Bzda’s Eccl. Hist. un. xxiii, Calin. .waes mzsse 

reost & efenlic Godes man. ¢1374 CHAucER Boeth.1. v. 2 
i -compleinest pat gerdouns ne ben not euenliche 3o0lde 
to pe desertes of folk. 1382 Wyciir Ezek, xlvii. 14 For- 
soothe 3e shuln weelde it, eche euenly as his brother. c 1400 
Three Kings Cologne xiv. 48 Pe sterre euenlich 3ede to-fore 
euery kyng and all herpepil. 1413 Lypc. Pilger. Sowle 1. 
xxvi. (1483) 71 b, Theyr wyttes shold ben euen y lyke, and 
euenly shod they comprehenden. 

b. In the same degree throughout. Cf. 1. 

a 1613 Brerewoop (J.), The upper face of the sea is known 
to belevel by nature, and evenly distant from the centre. 
1756 Burke Suédl. & B. (1759) 309 The liquor reflecting all 
the rays of its proper colour evenly. 

e. In equal parts or shares; as much on one 
side as on the other. 

1395 Z. £. Wills (1882) 5, Cxx Zi, euenliche to be departed 
betwix ham thre. c1420 Padlad. on Husb. 1. 606 Hony, 
myxt with salt armonyake And comyn evenly, is goode 
therfore. 1471 Act. Audit, 18 One [=on] baith thair 
expensis evinly. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 43 b, Gavel- 
kind whereby. .the children males oughte evenly to inherit. 
1614 Raveicu Hist. World Pref. B iij, There is no great Art 
in deuiding euenly of those things, which are subiect to 
number and measure. 1885 L’fool Daily Post 30 June 5/6 
The two parties in the borough are very evenly divided. 

7. Evenly even, odd: see EvEN, Opp. 

+ Evenme'te, 2. Ols. Also 2 Orm. efenn- 
mete. [?OE. *efenmete, f. efen, EVEN a. + mele 
(see MEET a.) of a certain measure, f. WGer. 
*mata measure. Cf. OHG. ebenmag?.] Of the 
same measure or standing, co-equal. 

¢ 1200 OrMIN 12365 Wibp enngless efennmete. a@1300 E. 
re agate xl viii, 13 [xlix. 12] Til un-wise meres even-mete 
es he. 

Evenness (fvénnés). [OE. cfenniss: see 
EVEN a. and -NESS.] 

1. The quality or state of being smooth or level ; 
smoothness, levelness. 

1580 Baret Adv. P 441 The plai or of 
the sea. 1611 Cotcr.s.v. Limé, Scraped, or shauen vnto a 
sleeknesse, or euennesse. 1644 Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. ox 
For stateliness of the buildings, paving, and evenness of the 
street. .far superior to any in Europe. 1714 DeRHAM Astro- 
Theol. Prel, Disc. (1750) 33 The evenness of the surface of 
the lunarspots. 1885 Manch, Weekly Times Supp. 20 June 
4/3 The paring down must..be done with great evenness 
and accuracy. F 

2. Uniformity in shape, texture, arrangement, etc. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7yav. 182 Trees of admirable height 
and evennesse. 1684-5 BoyLe Min. Waters 69 The length 
and evenness of the stem. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti’s Archit. 
I. 27 b, The Sallow, the Hornbeam. .and the Fig. .by their 
Dryness and Evenness, are. . wonderfully soft and easy under 
the Carver's Tool. 1878 L. P. Merepirn Teeth 2 The even- 
ness, the whiteness..in a beautiful set of teeth. 

3. Of movement or action : Uniformity, freedom 
from fluctuations in speed or intensity ; equability. 
Also of the mind, temper, etc.: Equability; calm- 
ness, equanimity. 

1574 H. G. Briefe Tables Gija, Thou, for to cause 
that the raye maye go with an euennesse, shalte cause 
this maniple to go by fiue in a rancke in breadth. 1655 
Jer. Taytor Unum Necess. iii. § 5 (R.) A good man 
may..in a sudden anger go beyond the evenness of a 
wise Christian. 1683 Tempte Afem. Wks. 1731 1. 401 His 
Recovery. .was owing to the t Evenness of his ‘fem . 
1701 Grew Cosm. Sacr.(J.), The ether most readily yi 
to the revolutions of the celestial bodies, and the po, Pe t 
with that evenness and celerity is requisite in them all. 
7 Sreete Sfect. No. 147 ® 2 Evenness of Voice and 

livery. 1867 A. J. Extis £. £. Pronunc. 1, iv. 331 The 
evenness with which a Frenchman pronounces the chang 
4. Balanced condition, equipoise. Jit. and fig. 
Also, Equidistance from extremes ; the just mean. 

1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. ui. xxiii. (1495) 71 Some 
pulse hyght meane euyn and temperate. is meane and 
euinnes comyth of moche and lytyll. a x420 Hoccteve De 
pp Bah Sp 140 He lucre & losse weiethe in evennesse. 
@ Hooker (J.), That so it [a crooked stick] may settle 
itself..in a middle estate of evenness. poe ad WHuitaker 
Ussiah 22 It [is] a difficulty for an unst: paralyticall 
hand to carry a full cup with evennesse. 1653 Rouse AZyst. 


eth 


338 

Marr. 316 The one are so ballanced with the other that the” 
soul is in an And: jai. i. in Hazl, 
Dodsley . 200 See the ambassadors entertain’d With 
Sach a SEIT be us’d to men We nei fear 
nor love, 

5. Of the administration of justice : Equitableness, 
impenteirs + Formerly in wider use; Equity, 
righteousness. 


cue Ae Ps. (Spelm.) cxviii [cxix]. 144 (Bosw.) Efennys 

zecyonys pee a E. E. Psalter ix. 9 And 

als deme sal he W: of erbe in evennesse. chege Pilg. 

L renga es wer eae rs Sepa gente hy hes 
asketh ight and 


euenenesse is. 1607 
Hieron Wes. 1. 138 Be .. in the duties of equity 
and euennesse amongst men, this is religion. 1679 BURNET 
Hist. Ref. Pref. have deliv things to posterity 
with..much and evenness. 1866 Kincs.ey Herew. 
I. xvi. Without it .. these noble knights had never 
known the evenness of Count Baldwin's justice. 

I p/. after the Vulgate and the Heb.: Right things. 

a a”. Hampote Psalter xvi{i). 2 Pin eghen se euenesses. 

+6. Equality. Ods. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ut. xxiv. (1495) 73 The 
line of the euynesse of daye and nighte. 1 Picame. 
217/2 Evennesse, egualité. 1668 Witxins Real Char. u. i. 
§ 4. 34 Evenness, Parity. 

+ Even-old, a. and sb. Os. Forms : (see EVEN 
a. and Oxp). [OE. efeneald: see EvEn- and OLD.] 
A. adj. Of the same age; co-eval. B. sb. One 


who is of the same age. 

arooo Widsith 40 (Gr.) Nenig efen-eald him eorlsci 
maran on-orette. c1o00 AiLrric Hom, I1. 134 (Bosw.) Ple- 

ende mid his efen-ealdum. c 1200 Ormin 18605 Swa wass 

Srist..all wipp hiss Faderr efenald. 1382 Wycur Dax. i. 
10 He shal see 30ur cheeris lener byfore other 3unge men, 
3our eueneldis. c1440 Promp. Parv. 143 Eveneholde, or 
euenelde, coevus. 1483 Vulgaria abs Terentio 14 b, 
Lyke as I se my son do for his frende & euenjelde. 

[f. E- 


Evenomate (‘vendmeit), v. rare—?. 
out + VENOM sb.+-ATE%.] trans. To take out the 
poison from (food, etc.). 

@ 1834 Coreripce Lit, Rem. (1836) III. 122 Purified from 
the poison of the practical Romish doctrine of works as the 
Mandioc is evenomated by fire. 


+ E-vens, adv. Obs. [genit. of Even sd. used 
advb.| In the evening. 

a 1400-50 Alexander 375 Folke was on paire firste slepe 
& it was furth euyns. 


Evensong (7‘v'nsgy). [f. Even sd. + Sone.] 

1. Eccl. The English name of the service (also 
called vesfers) usually celebrated shortly before 
sunset, being the sixth of the seven ‘ canonical 
hours’ of the Western Church. Afterthe Reforma- 
tion applied to the ‘ Evening Prayer’ of the Church 
of England, which is ‘ an abridgement of the offices 
of Evensong and Compline as used before the 
Reformation’ (Hook Ch. Dict.). 

The Doleful Evensong: the ‘ Fatal Vespers’ of 26 Oct. 
1623, at which the greater part of a R. C. congregation lost 
their lives through the falling-in of a floor. 

c 1000 Canons of AElfric xix, Pa seofon tid-sangas .. uht- 
sang ant brim-sang..non-sang ant zfen-sang. crog0 Rude 
St. Benet (Logeman) 50 A2fensanc daghwamlice mid feower 
sealmorum. ¢ 1325 £. £. Aliit. P. A. 528 At pe day of date 
of euen-songe, os oure byfore be sonne go doun. 1389 in 
Eng. Gilds 17 Euery brother and sister .. shullen .. 
y°® seruice of bothe y* euensonge & messe. 1462 in Ella- 
combe Bells of Ch. ix. (1872) 277 He schall helpe to ryng all 
in to Matens and Masse and evynsong with his felow. 
iy Com, Prayer, Table for the Ordre of the Psalmes, 
to besayed at Matins and Euensong. ¢1§50 Brecon 77eat. 
Fasting in Catechism (1844) 533 Such should not be counted 
to fast that did eat before evensong was done. a 1613 
Oversury A Wife (1638) 217 The country Lasses dance 
in the Church-yard after Even-song. 1691 Woop Ath, 
Oxon. 1. 427 He [John Gee] had been at the doleful Even- 
song in the Black-Friers in London, 26 Oct. 1623. 1735 
Pore Donne Sat. u. 106 Doom'd to say his beads and Even- 
song. 1818 Scott Roé Roy xvii, ‘I might hae gaen to even- 
song, and heard Daddy Docharty mumbling his mass’, 1882 
Srurcron 7veas. Dav. Ps. cxix. 97 His matin prayer. .his 
evensong were all out of Holy Writ. 

attrib, 1641 Mitton Animady. ii. Wks. (1847) 61/1 To 
diet their ignorance ., with the limited draught of a matin, 
and evensong drench. 

b. The time of evensong; the hour of sunset. 
arch. Also more fully + evensong-time. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 25594 (Cott.) Suete iesu..pou gaf sight o 
bi bod and flexs at a time [c 1340 (Fairf.) euen- 
sange time]. c¢ 1330 Arth. §& Meri. 4800 Fram afternone to 
auensong. 1375 Barsour Bruce xvu. 450 Quhen_ that 
evynsang-tym ves neir. 1465 Paston Lett. No. IL. rox 
On the same day at evyn-song time. 1486 Bk. St. Albans 
Cva, Let hir fast till euensong. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 


I. ceclxix. (R.), The yonge kyng entred into R the 
Saturday at euensongtyme. Bk, Disctpl. Ch. Scot. 
The Saterday, and other vigils to be holy daies from Even- 


song to Evensong. 1650 i Taytor Holy Living (J.), Ifa 
man were but of a day’s life, it is well if he lasts till even- 
song. @ pe Drypen Poems fa He tun’d his mag tess 
evensong morn. 1755 in JoHNSoN. 1775 in AsH. 
Swinsurne Poems § Bonds; Before eee 9 From even- 
song to day time. eee 

+e. Sicilian evensong: =‘ Sicilian vespers’: 
see VESPERS. Obs. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) 718 All the 
Fan hl that were in the Ile of Sicilia. —_ Raster day, 
at the first peale to Evensong. .were al put to death. . where- 
upon this proverbe doth yet remaine amongst us, The 
Sicilian Evensong. a 1649 Drumm. or Hawrtn /rene Wks. 
168 Towns will close their gates upon you; and ye may 
some day expect a Sicilian even-song. 


evensong. ¥ 
en-star. Ols. Also 5 -stern. [OE. 


fen, EVEN sb. + steorra, Srar; for 


xxxviii. 32 Thou..makist euene sterre. .to rise on the sones 
of erthe. my eon Angi. 119 The Euenstern, vesperus, 
1552 Hutoet, Euen starre. .vesper, vesperugo. 

Event (tvent), sb. Also 6 Sc. evend. [a. 
OF. event, ad. L. @vent-us occurrence, issue, f. 
évenire to come out, happen, result, f. 2 out+ 


venire to come. 

1. The (actual or contemplated) fact of anything 
ha ing; the occurrence of. Now chiefly in 
phrase Jn the event of: in the case (something 
specified) should occur. 

1602 Futsecke 1st Pt. Parail, Introd. 1, 1 could not but 
capece Sie eet oF a2 gees Se Mod. In the event of 
the earl’s death, the title will lapse. 

+b. Zn point of event: in point of fact, as things 
have pial happened. Ods. 

1676 ALLEN Addr. Nonconf. 29 And..we find in point of 
event, that the ery ed -hath been, etc. 

2. Anything that happens, or is contemplated as 
happening ; an incident, occurrence. Zhe course 
of events: see COURSE, 

1588 Suaxs. Jit. A. v. iii. 204 To Order well the State, 
That like Euents, may ne’er it Ruinate. Lirucow 
Trav. wv. 140 = erous — a ~ e = ae 

stuous nights, whic! n there [in this sea 
Peaswen. Lett, 12 Sept. (Car le), [We do not think] of 
the hand of the great in this mighty and strange ap- 
——_ of His; but can slightly call it an ‘event’! x 

UTLER Anal. Introd. Wks. 1874 I. 2 This observation 
forms. .a presumption. .that such event has or will come to 
pass. 1803 Camppett Lochiel’s Warning, ing events 
cast their shadows before. 1828 Scotr /. M. Perth xi: 
Her affection, awakened by the events of the morning. 

J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. 1.1. ii. 86 An utter change in t! 
— events which came after .. would have 
result, 

b. £/. (without article) for ‘the course of events’ ; 
also occas, in sing. the event. 


1719 Dr For Crusoe (1840) I. xiv, 238, I resolved to put 
myself upon the watch to see them .. leave the rest to 


the event. 1842 Miatt Noncon/. 11. 1 Events have proved 
us right. Dixon Windsor 11. xii, 130 Nature and 
events had ie him king. 


ce. In mod. use chiefly restricted to occurrences 
of some importance ; hence colloquial uses such as 
quite an event. (Cf. Fr. un véritable &vénement.) 

-_~ Mrs. Bisnor in Leisure H. 84/2 The first sight of 
a mangrove swamp Is an event. 

d. In the doctrine of chances: (@.) Any one of 
the possible (mutually exclusive) occurrences, some 
one of which will happen under stated conditions, 
and the relative probability of which may be com- 
puted. Compound event: one that consists in the 
combined occurrence of two or more simple events, 
(6.) Occasionally, a trial or hazard, which will re- 
sult in some one of several different ways (‘ events’ 
in the ing sense). 

& Morcan Ess. Probab. 96 One of the events, A, 
B, C, &c. must 
with it a gain or loss. 


vents, wl 
events on which 
there be an event 
on me language Something on the 
e. s : 
issue of which money is staked ; also, one of the 
items in a me pee 
‘Tuackeray Newcomes 11, 66 The young fellows were 


making an ‘event’ out of Ethel’s i and sporting 
their Soney freely on it. TROLLoPE Belton St. i. 4 
‘Trusting to the next event at Newmarket to set him right. 
1884 Cyclist 13 Feb. 247/2 The Amateur Athletic Associa- 


tion a rule biting the holding of ep oe 
events at amateur ai i non 8 Sat. v.12 July 
so Of the leading events Oxford, and Eton 


"3. That which foll f proceed 
! w follows upon a course o! - 
ings; the outcome, issue; that which proceeds 
from the operation of a cause ; a consequence, re- 

sult. Jn nad beget Bt! result. 
x a, all, 187 Weill micht the counsals beir ane 
ie eu 1570-6 Lamparve Peramb. Kent (1826) 247 


= and wae eee be 
I spare to 1 Heywoop 4 L 

Causes bet Risa the best euent, 1612 ‘ce favot 
Comm. Titus ii. 4Too much indulgence. .is a cruell loue in 
the event. LLER Th, in Bad T. (184%) 24 His 
—pigmtapi ue 

gE : No. 113? 
Widow's abit sat Court to hear the Event of a Cause 


We have su 


EVENT. 


Scort Jvanhoe xiii, He then took his aim .. and the multi- 
tude awaited the event in breathless silence. 1848 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. 11. 612 The event of his enterprise was doubtful. 
1866 Motiey Dutch Rep. u. ii. 146 They openly, and in 
the event successfully, resisted the installation of the new 
prelate. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 53 There is no merit 
--in learning wisdom after the event. 
+b. Undesigned or incidental result. sonce-use. 
1644 H. Parker ¥us Pop. 25 The Pilot wafts himself by 
event [Aristotle’s xara oupBeBnxds, Phys. u. 1], it being im- 
possible that he should waft others, if hee were absent. 
+4. What ‘ becomes of’ or befalls (a person or 


thing); fate. Ods. 

15.. Morr Edw. V. Ep. Ded. 2 The miserable and 
wretched end and event of the other. 1 SPENSER 7eares 
Muses 143 A ship in midst of tempest left..Full sad and 
dreadfull is that ships event. 161rx Biste Eccl. ix. 2. 1674 
Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 129 They differ as unto the Event 
they may come unto. X y 

5. Idiomatic phrases, with mixed notion of 2 
and 3. Af (or + 2) all events: whatever happens 
or happened ; in any case, at any rate. + Ufon all 
events ; for every emergency. 

~ Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1. 80, I had put all things in 
readiness upon all events. 1685 /ézd. II. 250 In all events 
..the Church of England. .is the most primitive, apostolical, 
and excellent. [1703 Lp. Hotr in Raymond Ref. 909 He 
is bound to answer for the goods at all events but acts of 
God and the king’s enemies.] 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. 
(1806) IV. li. 42 Civil war .. must in all events, prove cala- 
mitous to the nation. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India II. Ww. 
ii. 73 Dupleix sent repeated orders that it [the reinforce- 
ment] might be intercepted at all events. 1857 BuckLe 
Civiliz. I. x. 603 Berkstead was a pedlar, or at all events a 
hawker of small wares. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. Nd 35 
Not this at all events, which is the opposite of truth. 

+ Event, v.1 Obs. [f. L. event- ppl. stem of 
évenire (see EVENE v.) to happen, take place.] 
intr. To come to pass. 

(An alleged transitive verb of this form in RicHAarRDSoN 
and later Dicts. is based on a passage misquoted from T. 
Wilson Rhet. 6b; edd. 1553 aan 1580 have zzvented.) 

1sgo Greene Never too late (1600) 13, An English History 
acted and euented in my Countrey of England. 1615 A. 
Niccuo.es Marriage §& Wiv. xii, My Maid and 1.. Will 
tell old Stories long ago evented To pass the Time. 1650 
Vind. Hammond’s Addr. § 32 To teach their Disciples 
apathy, or courage against whatsoever events. 

vent, v.2 Ods. [ad. Fr. éventer, OF. es- 
venter, f. es-:—L. ex-+vent wind; cf. AVENT.] 
a. trans. To expose to the air; hence, to cool. 
b. intr. for veft. To vent itself, find a vent. 

1589 Batpwin in Mirr. Mag., Clifford viii, To euent the 
heat that had me nye vndoen. 1603 B. Jonson K. Fas’. Enter- 
tainm. Coronat., Lest the fervour of so pure a flame As this 
my city bears, might lose the name Without the apt event- 
ing of bar heat. 1609 — Case is altered v. ili, The place from 
whence that scalding sigh evented. 1606 Cuarman Hero & 
Leander 1, Till he [Phoebus] find oppos’d A loose and 
rorid vapour that is fit T’ event his searching beams. 

+Eventa‘tion. Ods. [a.F. eventation, f. dvent- 
er: see prec.] A letting out, a drawing (of blood). 

1544 Puarr Regim. Lyfe (1560) O vj b, In suche cases, a 
litle eventacion of the infected bloude, maye bee the saving 
of their lyves. [1611 Corcr., Zventation, a venting ; also, 
the opening of a veine.] A 

+Eventerate, v. Obs. rare—1. [irreg. f. L. 
é- out + venter belly +-aTE3: cf. F. éventrer. 

Prob. orig. a misprint in Browne for exenterate.] 

a. trans. To open the bowels of ; to disembowel. 
b. intr. ‘To come out of the belly’ (Blount 
Glossogr., 1656). Hence + Eventera‘tion Ods.—° 
= EVENTRATION. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. ut. vi. 116 In a Bear which 
the Hunters eventerated, I beheld the young ones with 
all their parts distinct. x Puituies, Eventeration, a tak- 
ing out the belly of anything. soon tt" in Cotes. 

ventful (iventful), a. [f. Event sd. + -FUL. 

Aword used once by Shakspere, whence Johnson’s only 

uotation ; not appearing otherwise in our quots, till after 
Poisson.) c Bhs 

1. Full of events; rich in striking occurrences. 

1600 Suaxs. A. FY. LZ. u. vii. 164 Last Scene of all, That 
ends this strange euentfull historie. 1781 Gispon Dec/. § 
F. III. 252 The eventful story of her [Placidia’s] life. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 173 The changes which fourteen 
eventful years had produced. 1874 MotLey Barneveld I. 
i, 3 Barneveld’s eventful life. 

. Fraught with important issues ; momentous. 

1773 LaNGcHorne Orig. Veil (R.) The man of faith thro’ 
Gerar doom’d to stray, A nation waiting his eventful way. 
1797 Mrs. Ravcurre /¢talian xii, A thousand times she 
turned about the eventful paper. 180x Sournry Thalaba 
vu, xiii, Thalaba..waited calmly for the eventful day. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 591. The interval between the 
sitting of Saturday and the sitting of Monday was anxious 
and eventful. 

3. =EVENTUAL 5. 

1826 BentHAM in Westminst. Rev. V1. 474,To levy .. 
any part..not exceeding. .for any child, a moiety of such 
his, her, or their then eventful portion or portions. 

Hence Eve‘ntfulness, eventful quality. 

1866 Contemp. Rev. 11. 592 What we miss in eventfulness 
is made up in descriptions, etc. 1884 Cuurcu Bacon iv. 93 
Bacon. .saw..the critical eventfulness of the moment. 

Eventide (Zwntaid). arch. [OE. #fen-tid, f. 
afen, Even sb.+téd time, Tipe] The time of 
evening ; evening. Also fig. 

[egso Lindisf. Gosp., Mark xi. 11 Middy gee efrn wees tid 
zefoerde on Bethania mid tuoelfum.] a@ 1000 tr. Greg. Dial. 
1. x.(Bosw.), Seo zfen-tid Ses deges. ax225 Ancr. R. 4 
Tden ende of al his liue, pet was. ase iden euentid, "3388 


339 


Wvycuir Gen. i. 8. ¢1430 tr. 7. & Kempis’ Imit. 1. xix, In 
pe eventide discusse pe maner, what pou hast ben pis day 
in worde, worke, & pou3t. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. 
Prayers (1851) 447 This life hath not one hour certain, 
whensoever the eventide thereof cometh. 1611 Biste Gez. 
xxiv. 63. 1780 Cowrer Nighting. §& Gloww., Nor yet at 
eve his note suspended, Nor yet when eventide was ended. 
1851 Loner. Gold. Leg. v1. Castle Vautsberg, Those same 
soft bells at eventide Rang in the ears of Charlemagne. 

attrib. 1382 Wycu1r Ps. cxl. 2 Euentid sacrifise. 

+Eventilate, v. Obs. [f. L. eventilat- ppl. 
stem of @ventila-re to fan, f. é out + ventilare to 
fan: see VENTILATE. Cf. OF. eventiler.] 

1. ¢vans. To expose to the wind or air; to fan ; 
to winnow (corn) ; to aerate (blood). 

1623 in CockerAmM. 1657 Phys. Dict., Eventilated, 
fanned, cooled, or clensed by the wind. 1684 tr. Bonet’s 
Merc. Compit. v1. 185 The Symptoms .. were caused by 
Bloud fermenting too much, and not eventilated enough. 
1706 in Puiturs; hence in Asx, etc. : 

2. fig. To lay open to discussion ; to discuss; to 
VENTILATE, 

1657 Howett Londinop. 377 It is nowhere so narrowly 
discussed and eventilated. 1669 dddr. Vug. Gentry Eng. 
136 This is a subject so copiously and methodically else- 
where. .eventilated. ; : 

b. (see quot. : not in the Law Dicts.) 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Eventilate..ina Law-sense, to 
estimate, prize, or value an Estate or Inheritance. 

+ Eventila‘tion. 0ds. [f. prec. : see -ATION. 
Cf. It. eventelatzone (Florio).] 

l. a. The action of fanning, or of supplying 
fresh air. b. The action of winnowing; also of 
scattering to the winds. e. Aeration (of blood, 
humours, etc.). 

a. 1643 J. Hlowett] Parables on Times 15 Nothing 
could be ..so directly opposite to his soft gentle breeses 
and eventilations. c 1645 Howevt Leét¢. I. vi. xxxv, ‘This 
heat is..a generative gentle heat joyn’d with moisture, nor 
needs it ayr for eventilation. 1651 — Venice 33 By reason 
of the fresh breezes and eventilations of the circumjacent 
Sea. 1721-1800 Baitey, Lventilation, a Winnowing. 

b. 1727 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Anemone, Which, by 
means of that Eventilation, sends out the Seed in such a 
Manner as it is proper to be sown. 1767 A. Camppett 
Lexiph. (1774) 109 My cudgel. .shall soon disseminate, by a 
rapid eventilation, the brains in his pericranium. 

Cc. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v1. 161 Lest it should 
obstruct and hinder eventilation by its clamminess. /did. 
x1. 378 The Skull being carefully opened..he was recovered 
by the eventilation of his Brain. 1744 BERKELEY S7ris § 205 
It [vital flame] requires constant eventilation, through the 
trachea and pores of the body. 

“| Used for: What is ‘vented’ or belched forth. 

1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 238 There remains scarce 
anything now of all their Factions and Frothy Eventilations 
or Productions of any kind. : ; 

2. The action of laying open to discussion; an 
examination, discussion. 

¢1645 Howetr Lett. (1650) III. 21 In the search and 
eventilation of naturall verities. 1651 — Venice 148 After 
some Eventilations of the matters, this Answer was sent. 
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), ventilation. .a strict examin- 
ing..or sifting of a Business. 1721-1800 in BaiLry. 

Eventiless (‘ve'ntlés), a. [f. EVENT sb, + -LESS ; 
cf. eventful.| Without events ; unmarked by note- 
worthy incidents. 

1815 Map. D’Arsiay Diary (1842-6) VII. 231 Our journey 
was eventless. 1868 Morris Zarthly Par. (1870) I. 1.72 So0 
smoothly o’er our heads the days did flit, Yet not eventless 
either. 1878 H. M. Stantey Dark Cont. x. 213 On the 
21st we made a tedious eventless voyage. 1880 J. W. 
SuHERER Conjuror’s Daughter 225 The long eventless day 
was nearing to its close. 

Hence Eventlessly adv., in an eventless manner. 
Eve'ntlessness, the condition of being eventless. 

1888 G. E. Post Lond. Miss. Conf. 1. 24 Her life goes on 
eventlessly year after year until she reaches the mature age 
of ten. 1872 Howetts Wedd. Yourn. (1884) 309 He was 
pleased with the natural eventlessness of the whole adven- 
ture, 

Eventration (fventréifon). [a. Fr. éventra- 
tion, £. éventrer, f. é& (es-:—L. ex-) out + ventre 
belly. 

1. The action of opening the belly (ofan animal). 

1875 Miss Conse False Beasts 39 The animal's [camel's] 
 dptoges of water, which his master could always reach .. 

the simple process of eventration. , 
. a. The condition of a foetus in which the 
abdominal viscera are extruded. b. In women: 
A pendulous condition of the lower abdomen. ec. 
‘The condition of a large ventral hernia’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex. 1884). d. The escape of a large amount 
of intestines from an abdominal wound. 

a@. 1860in Mayne Exp. Lex. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

c. 1836 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 508/1 The tumour formed 
by the protruding viscera is designated. .eventration. 

1847 in Craic. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Eventriqueness. 00s. rare—'. [f. as if 
*eventric (-igue) (f. & out+L. ventr-em belly + 
+10) +-NESS.] Corpulence. In quot. fig. 

1667 WarerHouse Five Lond. 141 If London..must..be 
born with till its humors be sweetened, and its eventrique- 
ness be reduced..then to no purpose is this waste of rage. 


Eventual (‘ventiwal), a. [ad. F. éventuel, f. 
as if ad. L. *éventudl-is, f. 2ventu-s: see EvENT.] 

+1. Of or pertaining to events or occurrences ; 
consisting in events ; of the nature of an event. Ods. 
_x6x2-5 Br, Haxt Contempl_xiv. i, There is nothing more 


EVENTUATE. , 


dangerous than to make construction of God’s purposes, out 
of eventuall appearances. 1656 Artif. Handsom. 50 To 
run counter to Gods provicenss. which is his reall word, 
and as it were an Eventuall Oracle. 1684 H. More 
Aunsw. Remarks Exp. Apoc. Biva, The true Authentick 
eventual measure to compute the fulfilling of the Medial- 
Visions by. 

+2. That happens to exist. Obs. 

1752 FietpinGc Amelia 1x. x, By pride I mean that saucy 
passion which exults in every little eventual pre-eminence 
over other men. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 158 In what 
manner I should prevent the eventual delay of twenty-four 
hours from becoming..a source of new calamity, 

3. That will arise or take place in a particular 
contingency. 

19767 Lp. Lytretton Hex. JT, I. (ed. 2) 86 William aspired 
to secure to himself the eventual succession to the crown of 
that kingdom [France], in case that Louis. .should die before 
his father. 1785 Burke Sf. Nabob Arcot’s Debts Wks. 
IV. 279 Nothing is provided for it, but an eventual surplus 
to be divided with one class of the private demands. 1874 
Devutscu Rem. 252 The Bishops will not have too much 
time to prepare their eventual opposition. 1874 GREEN 
Short Hist. ix. 623 He offered to admit England toa share 
in the eventual partition of the Spanish monarchy. 

+b. Of stipulations: Conditional (cf. Eventu- 
ALLY Ib). Ofan army: To be raised if required. 

1683 Temple Mem. Wks. 1731 I. 440 The Dutch began to 
talk of finishing an Eventual Treaty (as they call’d it) for 
themselves, as soon as the Acts about Powers were wholly 
dispatch’d. 1796 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. 
(1832) III. 98 The consideration of their services should be 
eventual, and depend on the success of their exertions. 
1799 T. JerFerSoN Writ.(1859) 1V. 279 A bill. .authorizing 
the President in case of a declaration of war..by any Euro- 
pean power, to raise an eventual army of thirty regiments. 

4. Of the nature of an event or result. 

1699 BurNET 39 A7t, xvii. (1700) 162 The Certainty of the 
Prescience is not antecedent or causal, but subsequent and 
eventual. 1755 JouNnson, Eventual, happening in conse- 
quence of anything; consequential. 1810 BrntHam Pack- 
ing (1821) 134 Eventual vexation to persons liable to be 
called upon to serve in the capacity of special jurors. 1834 
Hr. Martineau Moral m1. 124 An aggression on the rights 
of industry, and an eventual injury to all concerned. 

5. Ultimately resulting. 

1823 Faser Diffic. Infidelity (1833) 3 The necessary con- 
sequence which it involves .. an eventual denial of God’s 
omnipotence. 1850 GLADSTONE Gleanings V. cxxxvi. 252 
The silent decay and eventual overthrow of her natural 
defences. 1857 Buck Civiliz. I. x. 618 As society ad- 
vances, the eventual cessation of all such attempts is certain. 
1868 J. H. Brunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 437 Gradually moulded 
into their eventual form. 

Eventuality (‘ve:ntizeliti). [f. prec. +-1ry: 
cf. F. éventualzté.] 

1. Something that may happen ; a possible event 
or occurrence ; a contingency. 

1852 Lever Daltons I. 123 Some experience had. .trained 
him to a tactic of waiting and watching for eventualities. 
1855 Browninc Men §& Wom. i, Bp. Blougran’s Apol., In 
that bewildering entanglement Of horrible eventualities. 
1878 Lapy Herpert tr. //abner's Ramble 3, xii. 184 In cer- 
tain eventualities this state of things might give rise to grave 
difficulties. : 

2. Phrenology. The faculty of observing and re- 
membering the order of succession in events; the 
supposed ‘ organ’ of this faculty. 

1828 G. Compe Const. Man. 72 Individuality and Eventu- 
ality, or the powers of observing things that exist and occur- 
rences. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frul. Geog. Soc. 
X XIX. 314 The forehead converges to a central protuber- 
osity, where phrenologists locate eventuality. 

Eventually (‘ventivali), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-LY 2. 

1, In the event of something happening. 

1830 Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) II. 164 Some eventu- 
ally possible inconvenience. F 

+b. In order to provide against a contingency ; 
in conditional terms. Ods. 

1749 Cuesterr. Le?t. II. cxcvi. 239 So many of my letters 
have miscarried. .that I am forced to repeat the same thing 
over and over again eventually 1752 /ézd. IV. 3, I am sen- 
sible that they can only be met with by great accident at 
family sales and auctions, so I only mention the affair to 
you eventually. [So often in Cuesterr.] 1785 Burke SP. 
Nabob Arcot’s Debts Wks. IV. 271 Not conditionally and 
eventually, but positively and authoritatively. 

+2. In result (as opposed to intention). Ods. 

1660 Boye Seraphic Love Wks. 1772 I. 248, 1..think that 
Hermione has but intentionally, not eventually disobliged 
you. 1706 De For ¥ure Div. Pref. 20 King James was 
not deposed by those, otherwise than eventually: these 
were the Causes of all this. 1729 Butter Sev. Wks. 
1874 II. 109 Other vices eventually do mischief: this alone 
aims at it as an end. ‘ 

3. In the event, in the end, finally, ultimately. 

a1680 GLANVILL Serv. i. (1681) 80 If one that shall eventu- 
ally be shut out, may do all this, what shall become of the 

enerality of Religious men that never doso much? 1797 
& M. Lomax Philanthrope 278 Seneca..endeavoured to 
employ every day of his life as if it eventually might be his 
last. 1843 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Life (870) ERTS 3: 
179 Absentees .. will doubtless eventually disappear from 
Ireland. 1879 Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. v. 122 This line 
eventually became the brightest line of the whole spectrum. 

Eventuate (iventiz cit), v. [f L. eentu-s 
Event sd. +-ATE ; cf. actuate. 

First used in U. S., and still regarded as an Americanism, 
though it has been employed by good writers in England.] 

1. intr. To have a (specified) event or issue ; to 
turn out (well or ill) ; to issue, result 27. 

1789 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life ¢ Writ. ye I. 3135 

3-2 


EVENTUATION. 


I am sure it is wrong, and cannot eventuate well. 1835 M. 
Scorr Cruise Midge xii, The squib had eventuated, as the 
Yankees say .. in a zigzag or cracker. 1855 Mitman Lat. 
Chr. (1864) IX. x1v. iii. 151 The Schoolmen could not but 
eventuate in William of 1873 Smites Huguenots 
Fr. u. ii. (1881) 361 He heard .. the discussions which 
eventuated in Acts of Parliament. 1877 A. J. Ross Mem. 
*6. Ewing xxxi. 536 The crisis had eventuated favourably. 

. To be the issue ; to result, come about. be. 

1834 De Quincey Coleridge Wks. (1863) II. 93 In the up- 
shot, this conclusion eventuated (to eeishly), that, 
etc. 1876 M. Davies Unorth. L. 1. 25 If So-and-so were 
condemned, a schism in the National Church would even- 
tuate. 1884 Law Times 14 June 121/1 When there was 
danger of a war eventuating with America. | 

3. trans. To bring to the event or issue. 

1837-40 Hauisurton Clockm. (1862) 103 Yes, (to eventuate 
my story) it did me good. es 

ventuation (éventia)2-fon). [f, prec.: see 
-ATION.] The action of ‘ eventuating’; bringing 
or coming to an issue; realization; issue. 

a 1848 R. W. Hamitton (Ogilvie). 1876 Overmatched Il. 
xii. 196 Deputing to some good genius. .the eventuation of 
his more dazzling hopes. 

+ E-ver, sb. Obs. Forms: 1 eofer, eofor, 
efer, efor, 3 eaver, 4 ever. [OE. ecofor = OHG. 
(and mod.Ger.) eber, ON. igfurr:—OTeut. *eduro-z, 
allied to OSlav. vepri, L. aper.] 

1. A wild boar. 

c1000 Ags. Ps. |xxix. [Ixxx.] 13 Hine utan of wuda eoferas 
wrotad and wilde deor westad and frettad. 1000 Sax. 
Leechd. 11. 182 Sele pu him..flasc eofores. c1230 Hali 
Meid. 13 Ha in hare wurdunge as eaueres forroteden. 

2. Comb. Ever-fern: a. the Polypody, Poly- 
podium vulgare; b. Osmunda regalis, 

c10o00 Sax. Leechd. 1. 188 Deos wyrt man ..efor fearn 
nemned. cx1000 AEtFRic Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 135 Filix 
arboratica, eferfearn. crogo Ags. Voc. ibid. 297 Filix 
minuta, eoforfearn, c1325 E. E. Addit. P. C. 438 He busked 
hym a bour. .Of hay & of euer-ferne & erbez afewe. a 1387 
Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 32 Osmunda, herba est, 
everferne. a1400 Sloane MS. 5. 9 b, Osmundo..eueruern, 
14.. Recipes in Rel. Ant. 1. 52 For the stane .. tak ever- 
ferne that grewes on the ake. 

Ever (eva1), adv. Forms: a. 1-3 é&fre 
(north. &fra, 2 evre, 3 severe), 2-3 afre, efre, 
efer(e, 3 aver(e, avre, eur, 2-4 evr(e, evere, 3-4 
hevere, 2-5 eaver, 2-6 evir, -yr, 9 dia/. ivver, 
2- ever. B. 3 er, er, 4-7 ere, 6- e’er. Also 
a, 3 3avre, 6 yeffor. 8. 4 yer. [OE. &/fre. 
Not found in other Teut. langs.; the ulterior 
etymology is doubtful. Connexion of some kind 
with OF. d, Ay is probable on account of the sense. 

If it be a compound of 4, the second element should begin 
with /(or less probably with 4), and contain the vowel 7 or 7. 
The most plausible suggestion hitherto made is that of 
Cosijn (Taalk. Bijdragen 11. 267), that it is equivalent to 
Goth. *aiw fatrhwau ‘ever in life’; cf. the common OE. 
phrase @ ¢é feore in similar sense; also OHG. nconaltre 
never, lit. ‘never in life’. This is supported by the agree- 
ment of the final -a of the ONorthumb. £/va with the end- 
ing of the locative (dat.) of the -« declension, to which the 
sb. feorh life (:—*/erhwus) originally belonged. The re- 
corded forms of /eorh, however, do not account for the um- 
laut; but cf. the cognate OE. /fras, OS. firthéds, ON. ftrar 
‘men’. A different suggestion has been made by Prof, G. 
Hempl in Mod. Lang. Notes IV. (1889) 417, viz. that the 
word is an adverbial case of a subst. compound f. 4+ 4yre 
(:—'buri) event, occasion. On this view its formation would 
be closely analogous to that of Ger. yemals. With regard 
to the umlaut Prof. Hempl compares #rende:—*drundi : 
with cuaed tothe /from 4 he compares wéo/od for *wth-bed 
(or -b€0d). 

I, Always, at all times; in all cases. (All 
these senses, exc. I b and 5b, are now arch, or 
merely literary.) 

1. Throughout all time, eternally; throughout 
all past or all future time; perpetually (often 
hyperbolically or in relative sense: throughout 
one’s life, etc.). arch, Also strengthened ver 
and ever, * ever ay. 

a 1000 CynewuLr Crist 111 Du wfre were. ¢ 1175 Lamb, 
Hom. 57 Pet is and wes and efre scal beon iblecced ofer al. 
¢ 1200 ORMIN 206 Icc amm Gabrizl Patt fre & zfre stannde 
Biforenn Godd. c12a00 Trin. Coll. Hom, i, Pe endelese 
dai is afre abuten ende. 1300 Cursor M. 13180 (Gitt.) 
Parfor euer ay worth hir wa! Pat god man dos wid tresun 
sla. 1340 Ayend. 71 Pe opre lyue pet eure wypoute ende 
ssel yleste. zo Dunsar ‘Full oft [ muse’ vi, The 
lyfe that evir dois lest. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, 

Vffices 34 That wee may euer liue with thee in the le to 
come. 1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop, u. (Arb.) 73 It [the 
island) was not euer com about with the sea. 1610 
Suaxs. Temp. 1. i. 123 me liue here ever, 1662 Bh, 
Com. Prayer (eo) 113 He liveth and rei ever one 
God. 1733 Lv. Mayor or Lonpvon Let. 6 Aug. in Swift's 
Lett., A set of great men, who will ever be an honour. .to 
their country, 183 CartyLe Sart. Res. (1858) 152 Ever must 
the Sovereign of Mankind vada! itled Ki 

b. In sense limited by a following adv., prep., 
or conj., as in ever after(-ward), ever before, ever 
since, throughout all the time before or after a 
specified date. 

a, a@1300 Cursor M. 3942 (Gott.) Ever nie 140 Trin. 
euer aftir] halted he. ¢1380 Wycuir Sed, Wks, III. yo 
Hevere bifore and evere aftir. 1525 Lp. Berners Froiss. UI. 
clxxxvi [clxxxii], 565 He hath assembled toguyder into his 
house..a great noumbre of menne, and hath kepte them 
there couertly —- the ferst of Whitson 1535 
Coverpate /sa. li. 9 Euer and sence the worlde beganne. 
1714 Appison Sfect, No. 556 #7 The Coffee-houses have 


ever since 

B. x60x Suaxs. Twel. N.1.i.23 My desires like fell and 
cruell hounds, Ere since p me. 

2. At all times, on all occasions, on each occa- 
sion; = Aways I. arch. and north. dial. 

cr1040 Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 12 Myndigz siz [se abbod] 
efi 45 [etc.]. c1175 Lamb. Hom.g Efere to pam setteres 

i hes comen..to i c Lay. 547 Brutus 
heom com zfter & zfer ex078 euere]) ide on, 
a 1325 Prov. Hendyng xxxiii, Ever out cometh evel sponne 
web. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E v, Of euyll lyf cometh 
euer an euylle ende. Lp, Berners Froiss. 1. 748 As 
they passed by, ever the Parisyens enclyned themselfe to 

HAKS. Ham. 1. il. 162 Your Seruant 
euer. 1632 Lirucow Trav. u. 49 They were dayly molested 
and besieged, but the victory fell euer to the Christians. 
1688 R. Hotme Armoury 111. 54/1 The Prelate of the Garter 
-.is ever the Bishop of Winchester. a1718 Penn Life 
Wks. 1726 I. 137 Envy and Railing .. almost ever follow. 
ar Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. 1V. 378 He attacked the largest 

ips, and almost ever with success, 1812 WoopHouse 
Astron. ix. 70 Longitude is ever measured from the inter- 
section of the equator and ecliptic. 1832 Hr. Martineau 
Homes Abroad viii. 113 The rude state which is ever the 
consequence of a scarcity of knowledge. North Star 
1 July 3/2 Lord Randolph .. has been a hard hitter, but he 
has ever hit fair. 

b. Idiomatic phrases. + Ever among (see 
Amone B. 2); also in same sense + ever between, 
Ever and again; ever and anon (see AGAIN 4b, 
Anon 6b). + Zver and oft(e(n : with constant 
reiteration, continually. + ver now and now, 
ever now and then, ever now and then among: 
‘every now and then’. + Aver umwhile (ME.): 
every now and then, from time to time. Ods. 

1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137. § 3 Hi leiden zzildes o[n] pe 
tunes zureumwile. c1230 //a/i Meid. 27 Nawt ane on 


ende; aheauerumbehwile. a 1300 Cursor M. 14336 (Cott.) | 


Honurd be pou fader, euer and oft. 1387 Trevisa Higden 
(Rolls) VII. 7 Elsynus bisshop of Wynchestre evere amon 
fondede to have pe see. 1470-85 Matory Arthur v1. xviil, 
And euer now and now came alle the Knyghtes home. /é/d. 
x. Ixxxviii, And euer bitwene, sir Tristram resorted vnto 
Toyous gard. 1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph. 250 b, Who when 
he had clene beggered hymself wt expenses, would euer 
now and then thus saie vnto the birde [etc.]. 1581 J. Be. 
Haddon's Answ, Osor. 207 Besides these written ordin- 
aunces of the law, he did ever now and then among, rayse 
uppe Prophetes unto them, 1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. ix. 41 
And ever and anon, with rosy red, The bashful blood her 
snowy cheeks did dye. 1632 Litacow Trav. u. 46 Dal- 
matians .. by Sea with Frigots and Brigantines did euer 
and often vexe the Venetian Commerce. 1687 A. Lovett 
tr. Bergerac’s Comical Hist. 1. 71 Ever now and then I 
looked upwards. 1739 J. Huxnam Ess. Fevers (1750) 312 
A spoonful or two. ea be given ever and anon, 18ar 
Byron Sardan. u. i. 551 And ever and anon some falling 
bolt Proves his divinity. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 274 
Ever and anon we are landed in particulars. 1883 p 
Rosinson Fishes of Fancy go Ever and again the husky 
voices of narwhal and shark..murmured, etc. 

3. Constantly, incessantly, perpetually; with 
continual recurrence. arch. + Ever forth (cf. Ger. 
immerfort): continually, constantly. + Zuver i 
one: unchangingly. Ods. 

a 1000 Cedmon's Crist & Satan 297 FEfre forth. c¢ 1000 
fExrric Deut. xxxi. 27 Afer ze fliton ongen God. axz1a3 
O. E. Chron, an. 1101 His men mycel to hearme zfre zedy- 
don. c120g§ Lay. 1276 pritti dawes & pritti night heo ferden 
efer [c 1275 efre] ford riht. c 1230 Hali Meid. 5 Babilones folc 
weorred & warped eauer toward tis tur. c 1ag0 Lives Saints 
(1887) 33 Pis Abbod hire siwede euere forth. c 1386 Cuaucer 
Clerk's T. 546 But he neuer hir coude fynde But euer in 
oon ylyke sad and kynde. ¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas u. xxvii. 
Ga Pah 62b, With these two vices, he brenneth euer in one, 
1709 STEELE 7atler No. 17 ® 2 Pedants .. will ever be 
carping. 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) II. vii. 
99 We are ever sinning, we must ever be renewing our 
sorrow. 1876 Freeman Norm. Cong. 1V. xviii. 186 The 
same tale..we have ever to tell in the English history of 
these years. 

b. With comparatives to mark a constant in- 
crease or decrease, esf. before the correlatives 
the—the (OE. swd—swd, ME. se—se, Pe—Pe). 

a, 1154 O, E. Chron. an. 1137 Det lastede pa xix wintre wile 
Stephne was king & wure it was uuerse & uuerse. c117§ 
Lamb, Hom. 51 pis fis is of swulc cunde pet euer se he mare 
strengdded him to sw[iJmminde mid pe watere se he mare 
swimmed al c1a30o Hali Meid. 27, & eauer se hare 
murde wes mare togederes ; se pe sorhe is sarre at te twin- 
ninge. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 14441 (Gott.) And 3eit troud noght 
eur mistroud mar and mare, ¢ 1380 Wyc.ir 
Sel. Wks. III. 173 Evere be lenger bat pou lyfest to lyve bi 
Goddis lawe, evere pe ler it, etc. ¢ ia 1833 
(Weber) Euyr the fa that she spake, ouler braydes 
gan he make. 106 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 144 He 
was euer more quyet & restfull inh: fe. 1833 Lass. 
Brownine Prometh, Bd. Poems 1850 I. 165 This wandering, 
ger, oun re = Kgg yo \ 

1297 Louc. (1724) 110 Er lenger more, 
Afpol. Loll. 58 3er pe more pat pey bole, fe more 
fendis torment. 


‘me 
schal be 
+c. Zver as (see As): with force = 
‘as long as’, ‘as often as’, ‘whenever’, ‘wherever’, 
‘atone ® proportion as’. Ods, 

1297 R. Grouc, (Rolls) 3974 Pe kynge .. 
3iftes, euere as hii worthe were, 1470-85 M. 
x. xxxvi, And euer as he smote doune knyghtes, he made 
them to swere, etc. 1529 Raster. Pastyme (1811) 251 


1594 and Rep. Thoms 
ver as sy came up to the breach, the 
ng Menmnae pak len farhaen hes xxiv. Gms 126 
into it the 
Chilter ey eau Anc. Fun. i 


Ever all; all and sundry. Lver either (outher): 
each of the two respectively. ver aywhere, ever 
where: everywhere. Ods.; for ever each, ever 
ywhere, see their mod. forms Every, EVERYWHERE. 

Cursor M. Cott.) I him forth here 
oni ae And did pe po yoshi en Guy Warw. 
(A.) 1084 Now we han eee i es ee nee euer 
ii werkere of euer 


Priour and Geffrey .. was bownden 
Refr. 1. ii. 8 But if [=unless] euereit 
trewe the conclusion is not trewe. 

“] Giving a distributive sense to numerals. (A 
mere Germanism.) 

3535 CoverpaLe Fudg. xv. 4 Samson. .catched thre hun+ 
dreth foxes..and put euer a brande betwene two tayles 
(LutHer, einen Brand je zwischen zwei Schwinze). 


5. quasi-sb. use of 1. +a. In ME. phrase, Jong 
zs ever (cf. ‘long is ay’). Obs. 

c 1205 Lay. 18848 Longe beod zuere ded ne bid he nzuere, 
¢ 1325 Metr. Hom. 103 Ful lang es ever, lang es ever. 

. in phrases, Kor ever (sometimes, esp. in U.S., 
written FoREVER, q.v.): for all future time, for 
eternity, in perpetuity ; hence (chiefly in collogq. 
use), incessantly, interminably. In proper sense 
often in strengthened forms, + For all ever, for 
ever and (for) ever, for ever and ay (arch.), for 
ever and a day (?a corruption of prec. ; now only 
humorous, but formerly in serious use). 

a. a1300 Cursor M, 6218 Sgn Pis folk.. Pat suld vs 
serue for euer and ai. ¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 16 
Tuo dukes & tuo bisshopes for euer toke perleue. 1 
Lanct. P. Pl. C. v. 124 Non go to galys, bote it be for 
euere. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 1011 We ove be jowre ser- 
vaundys for ever and hoo. 14.. Tundade's Vis. 1488 To 
that same peyn schuld y have goo And dwellyd ther in for 
ever and 00. 1549-62 STerNnoLp & H. Ps. Ixxvii. 8 Is his 

oodnesse cleane decayd for euer and a day? 1583 
Receas Calvin on Deut. ii. 9 The rine which is set 
forth in the name of , serueth not for our age onely, 
but for all euer. 1 Hooxer Eccl. Pol. 1. it. (1611) 5 
One onely God to be blessed for euer. 1596 Suaxs. Zam, 
Shr. wv. iv. 97 Farewell for euer anda day. 1600 A. Y, LZ. 
Iv. i. 145. Donne Serm. clvii. VI. 276 New heavens 
and new earth for ever and ever and ever. 1697 
Drvven Virg. Georg. tv. 719 For ever I am ravish’d from 
thy sight. 17% : Dorn Rape Lock um. 153 The meeting 
points the sacred hair dissever From the fair head, for ever, 
and for ever! 1771 Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. III. 225 It was 
the fate of Charles, for ever to aim at projects which were 
-- impracticable. 1794 Mrs. Rapcuurre Myst. Udolpho. 
i, Madame St. Anbert knew not that she left it for ever, 
1817 W. Se.wyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) Il, 1202 To him 
and his successors for ever. 1878 Morey Cariyle Crit. 
Misc. Ser. 1. 201 Hitherto certainly, and probably it will be 
so for ever, 

B. ar Greene Alphonsus Wks. (1861) 241 Were 
banish’d both for e’er from Arragon. 

+6, eng: Oem of 1-3. Everlasting, constant, 

ual. Chiefly with agent-nouns or sbs. of 
action. Ods. ies 
agso Veron Godly Sayings (1846) 129 But ever 
(y* Scnlchenact of tha doxi) dp over us. 
Arcadia (1622) 481 But the time of m 


in £40. ¢ Pecock 
eof the pealaiebe 


eth. 1605 Verstecan Dec. /ntedl. Ded., I take my 
iri ightie God..to be | nanll~ eared euer 
protector. /did. ii, (1 42 haue the onely and 


7. At any time. 
a. ax1000 Cadmon's Crist & Satan 171 Pat ic .. ne sceal 
htestan_beman stefne. 


Matt. xiii. 15 
mi um geseon. ¢ 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 183 A weilewet 
pu fule pat ich auere was to pe i a ner. 
R. 230 Al pet vuel pet he euer dude Job, euer he nom 


Sonal et ure Louerde. @ § Night. 1178 Ich not 
i tha were 3avre prest, vom Pips Mia 127 in 


y 
don the in prisoun stronge. ¢ 1340 Cursor M, 15116 (Trin.) 
Pei bicoom euer ah i were. 1375 Barbour 
Bruce 1. 198 That Scottis soem mavens do me That euir 
pong gy he gees A 1382 V cuir Fokn i. 18 No man 
no but oon 


EVER. 


v. 28 If euer.. You meet in some fresh cheeke the power of 
fancie. 1612 SHELTON Quéx. m1. viii. I. 187 Whence I have 
no hope ever to return, 1660 Pepys Diary (1875) 1 56 The 
first time that ever I remember to have heard the. .singing- 
men in surplices in my life. 1662 StittinGFL. Orig. Sacr. 
ut. ii. § 17 We deny that ever his Atoms with all their occur- 
sions would ever produce those things which are in the Uni- 
verse. 171x Appison Sfect. No. 37 P 1 One of the prettiest 
Grotesque Works that ever I saw. 1817 Byron Beffo xcii, 
Did I ever? No, I never Saw a man grown so yellow! 
1837 Dickens Pickw. xi, For who could ever gaze on Mr. 
Pickwick’s beaming face without [etc.]. 1888 Bryce Amer. 
Commu. II1, xcix. 387 The criticisms of an outspoken press 
rarely assail their fEnglish Judges’] ability, hart ever 
their fairness. 

B. c 1205 Lay. 14320 He wes pe bezste latimer pat zr 
com her. c¢ Afol. Loll. 99 It is scham to hem to say 
pus, pat ere kirk errib, sin He & His kirk is o persone. 
1sgt Suaks. Two Gent. 1. ii. 141 It hath bin the longest 
night That ere I watch’d, and the most heauiest. 1692 tr. 
Sadlust 28 For who..would ere endure, that they should 
wallow in wealth...while we are pinch’d? 

“ib. Seldom or ever: confusedly used for 
‘seldom if ever’, ‘ seldom or never’. 
aa Contempl. Man 1. 83 All those people who were 

icted with any Illness, seldom or ever survived it. 1804 
Syp. Smitu Mor. Philos. v. (1850) 75 Dreamers..who walk 
in their cogs 8 have seldom or ever the most distant recollec- 
tions that they have been dreaming at all. 1809 — 7wo 
Vols. Serm. 1. 76 Rael pare is rarely or ever true. 

c. Sometimes used pleonastically asin se/dom ever. 

1813 J. C. Hosyouse Yourney 78 The peasants seldom 
ever can get a farthing for their beasts. 1828 CartyLe in 
Foreign Rev. 11. 460 And seldom ever can he succeed. 
1857 Bacenor Lit. Studies (1879) Il. 275 The words of a 

reat poet, in our complex modern time, are rarely ever free 
rom its traces, 

8. On any supposition, by any chance, at all. 

a. + Zver any: any at all (os.). Also Ever 
a(n, eer a(n (now vulgar, though never a(z is in 
good colloquial use: see the corrupt form ARRow). 

a. a1067 Charter of Eadweard in Cod, Dipl. IV. 219 Ic 
nelle Sat efre ani bisscop ani ping him Ser on aateo. 1175 
Lamb. Hom. 43 Heo wes wurse to bolien penne efreni of 
alle pa odre pine. cx20g Lay. 15525 3if mon funde in auer 
wi londe, zuer xi cniht bern. 1583 Ricn Phylotus & 
Emelia (1835) 31 If there bee euer a Deuill of them bothe, I 
knowe it is she. 1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus ii. 14 Here 
is policie, but pietie scarce euer a whit. 1769 Fair Annie 
in Herd Sc. Songs, Had ye ever a brother. 1879 Miss 
Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. s,v., ‘Drink or cider’... ‘ever- 
a-one’, ‘I dunna car w’ich’, 1884 Chesh. Gloss. s.v., Have 
you ever a shilling as you could lend me? 

+ 1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. JV, 11. iv. 295, I loue thee better, 
then I loue ere a scuruie young Boy of themall. 16rx — 
Wint. T. w. iv. 180. 1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. 
1v.i, The should haue beene perboyl’d .. e’re they should 
ha’ come in, e’re a one of hem. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pixto’s 
Trav. xxxviii. 151 If there were ere a one amongst you 
that could find out any device or stratagem of war. 1657 
Eart Mono. tr. Paruta’s Pol. Disc. 200 Nor. .have [they] 
made me ere a whit more happy then I was at first. 1706 
Watts Hore Lyr.1. ‘Happy the hours’, Angels, assist 
my doleful song, If you have e’er a mourning string. 1746 
W, Horstey Food (1748) 1. No. 33. 232 A Man of my Turn 
enjoys a Holiday with as high a Relish as e’er a Prentice- 
Boy .. within the Bills of Mortality. 1802 BentHam Wés. 
(1843) X. 387, I don’t know whether you have e’er an one. 

In comparative clauses introduced by as, 
than ; also in relative clauses introduced by ¢hat 
preceded by a superlative or by a//, the only, etc. 

a. 1523 Lp. Berners /roiss. 1. 746 All that ever the kyng 
.-coude do coude never tourne them fro>that opinyon. 


c1530 — Arth, Lyt. Bryt 468 Rode forthe as fast as ever 
they mys! t. ay — Huon |. 169 As naked as ever 
he was borne. 1 Stuppes Anat. Abus. u. 89 [They] 


runne ..from towne to towne..till they haue spent al that 
euer they haue. 1681 Drypen SP. Friar (J.), As like him as 
ever he can look. 1776 G. Sempre Building in Water 9 
Piles,.driven in as close together as ever they can stick. 
1777 Jounson Let. 18 Feb, in Boswell, She will accommo- 
date you as well as ever she can in the old room. 18: 
Mrs. Cartyte Le?t, I. 43 Try all that ever you can to 
patient. 1859 G. W. Dasent Pog. Tales Norse 19 All she 
wanted was to get above ground as fast as ever she could. 
1885 F. Anstey Tinted Venus 25 Can’t you see I’m as 
anxious to get that statue again as ever you can be? 

~B. 1591 Suaxs, 1 Hen, V/, 1. iii. 72 As lowd as e’re thou 
canst, cry. i F 

ce. Added for emphasis to the conjunctions as 
soon as, before, ere, or (= ere). Also + when ever 
=‘ just as soon as’. 

1325-1883 [see Ere C.1d.]. 1632 Litucow 77av. 1. 38 
Most ~— of all which M. Arthur and I saw, before euer 
we either eate, drunke, or tooke our lodging in Venice. 
1655 Francion vu. 7 He gave me a good supper last night, 
when ever I came within his doors. @1656 Br. Hatt 
Occas. Medit. § 15 (1851) 20 So soon as ever he hears the 
noise of a fly afar off, how he hastens to his door! 1718 
Hicks ¥. Kettlewell 1. xxiii. 46 So soon as ever he com- 
menced Master. 1 Mrs, Browninc Drama of Exile 
Poems I, 48 Or ever she [the Earth] knewsin! 1872 G. W. 
Dasent Three to One II. 256, I know what is to happen, 
before ever I get up-stairs. 

d. Following interrogative pronouns, advs., etc. 
(how, who, what, where, why), to intimate that the 
speaker has no notion what the answer will be. 

Sometimes these binations are (improperly) written as 
single words: see However, WHOEVER, etc. 

1595 World of Wonders (1607) 240, I shal desire him to 
consider how ever it was possible to get from these priests 
+.a pertinent answer. 1859 G. W. Dasent Pop. Tales 
Norse 12 Where ever in the world have you been? Jéid. 
363 The Troll began to wonder .. how ever they could be 

id of the lad. /bid. 215, 1 wonder now what ever there 
can be inside this chest. 


841 


e. Appended to relative pronouns or advbs., 
and giving to them a generalized or indefinite 
force ;=L. -cuemgue. These combinations are now 
always written as single words: see How(so)- 
EVER, WHO(SO)EVER, etc. 

9. In any degree. a. Prefixed to the followed 
by a comparative ; = ‘at all’, ‘any’. Now only 
collog. (Cf. mever, which in the parallel use is 
much more common). : 

a. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 172 The Primitive 
Christians did not like the Jewish Rites ever the worse 
because they were Theirs. @ 1656 Br. Hatt (J.), Let no 
man fear that harmful creature ever the less, because he sees 
the apostle safe from that poison. 1697 CoLLirr £ss. (1703) 
I.9 A Mine undiscovered, for which neither the Owner of 
the Ground or any Body else, are ever the Richer. 

B. 1642 Rocers Naaman 364 For none are ere the wiser 
for them. ase oppes Absurd Geom. Wks. 1845 VII. 
36 Do you think .. the opinion of your judgment would 

ave been ere the less? 

b. £ver so: prefixed in hypothetical sentences 
to adjs. or advbs., with the sense ‘in any con- 
ceivable degree’. Sometimes e//if¢. = ‘ever so 
much’; also dza/. in phrases like Were zt ever so, 
= ‘however great the need might be’. Similarly, 
Ever such (a). 

This expression has been substituted, from a notion of 
logical propriety, for xever so, which in literary use appears 
to be much older, and still occurs avch., though app. not 
now known in dialects. See Never. 

1690-2 Locke Educ. in 1. Fowler Locke (1880) 6 Not to 
take an answer, though ever so full and satisfactory. 1741 
Ricuarpson Pamela II. 273 Let me..not be call’d down 
for ever so much. 1751 Beau-Philosopher 193 Was it to 
be attended with ever such difficult Circumstances, there is 
nothing that a great mind will not undertake. 1764 Reip 
inquiry vi. § 3 His eyes, though ever so perfect. 1777 
Sueripan Sch, Scand. u. ii, Though Sir Peter’s ill humour 
may vex me ever so, it never shall provoke me to, etc. 1816 
Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1828) 11. xix. 142 If ever so many 
queens are introduced into a hive. 1843 THACKERAY Yerdme 
Paturot 349 If ..the caricaturist had made fun of me ever 
so, I would. .have put up with the insult. @1850 Rossrtt1 
Dante §& Circ. 1. (1874) 173 Though of great heart and 
worthy everso, He shall be counted low. 1882 Hi”. Wore. 
Gloss. s.v., ‘1 wunt ax ’im for bread, not if it was ever so’. 

ce. Hence ever so is used in affirmative contexts 
as a vague intensive : ‘ vastly’, ‘immensely’. 

1858 HawtuHorne JY. & /t. ¥rnds. (1872) I. 13 Ever so 
little to their credit. 1870 Mrs. Wuitney Iie Girds i, Ever 
so many years ago. 1877 NV. W. Lincolnsh. Gloss. s.v., She 
fret ever so when Harry ’listed. 1885 F. Anstey 7inted 
Venus 79 Thank you ever so much, Leander dear ! 

II. Combinations. 

10. When ever (in senses 1-3) qualifies an adj. 
or ppl. adj. used attributively, it is almost invari- 
ably hyphened, thus giving rise to an unlimited 
number of quasi- compounds, as ever-abiding, 
-angry, -blooming, -changeful, -dear, -esteemed, etc. 

1570 I, Norton tr. Mowel’s Catech. (1853) 152 The only 
holy and ever-increasing noble fountain. 1580 SrpNry 
Arcadia (1622) 136 ‘The euer-noble nature of Leonatus. 
1586 T. B. La Primaud Fr. Acad. (1589) 1. 47 Philosophie 
.-is..to lead us tothe eternall fruition of our supreme and 
ever-abiding good. 1588 Suaxs. LZ. L. L.1. i. 268 My euer 
esteemed dutie prickes me on. 1590 T. Watson Poems 
(1870) 159 Yee seaunfold flames, whose euer-circling fires 
maintain this earth. 1590 Spenser F. Q.1.i. 39 Cynthia 
still doth steepe In silver deaw his ever-drouping hed: 1599 
T. M[ouret] Si/kwormes 46 The Vulture gnawing stil That 
euer-dying euer-liuing wretch. 1604 SHaks, Of. 11. iii. 463 
Witnesse you euer burning Lights aboue. 1610 — 7evzf, 
1. ii. 28 Thy grones Did .. penetrate the breasts Of euer- 
angry Beares. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb.1. Notes 2 O euer- 
happie Iles .. By Nature strongly fenc’d. c 1630 Drum. 
or Hawtn. Poems Wks. 32 Ethereal princes, ever-conquer- 
ing bands. 164: Mitton Ch. Govt. 1. vi, God .. brought 
forth .. that beneficent and ever-distributing office of dea- 
cons. 1648 Hamilton Papers (1880) 174 My euer honored 
Lord. a@1650 CrasHaw (J.), Panting murmurs, still’d out 
of her breast That ever-bubbling spring. 1659 (¢7¢/e) 
Golden Remains of the Ever Memorable John Hales. 
1682 DrypEeN Medal 24 Oh, could the style that copied 
every grace .. have formed his ever-changing will. a 1687 
Wa ter Wes, (1729) 183 (Jod.) What our earth, and 
what our heav’n denies, Our everconstant friend, the sea 
supplies. 1685 Drypen Misc. uu. 72 To treat thy 
evercraving Mind With ev’ry Blessing. 1703 Rowe Fair 
Penit. u.i, Oh! hear me, hear your ever faithful creature ! 
ax1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. s. 172% III. 74 Their drink 
from ever-dropping Trees is rain’d. 1712-4 Pore Rape Lock 
u. 66 The skies, Where light disports in ever-mingling dyes. 
1715 — /iiad 11, (1019) The fierce Pelasgi .. March from 
Larissa’s ever-fertile Ground. 1741 Ricnarpson Pamela 
(1824) I. 227 My ever-dear and ever-honoured father and 
mother. 1744 Armstronc Preserv. Health wt, 427 (Jod.) 
Th’ ever-varying circle of the day. 1744 THomson Autumn 
812 The melting snows, and ever-drippin; fogs. 1786 Burns 
Ded, to G. Hamilton, O'er the harp pale Mis ry moans, And 
strikes the ever-deep’ning tones. x Mrs. RapciirFe 
Italian i, The City and Bay of Naples, an ever-moving 
picture. 1808 Han. More Ceéebs I, 40x (Jod.) Its versatile 
temper, and its evernew resources. 1812 Byron Ch, Har. 
1.1, The ball-piled pyramid, the ever-blazing match, Portend 
the deeds to come. 1827 Kesie Chr. Y. Quinquagesima i, 
Brightening in ever-changeful bloom. 1842 Manninc Sern. 
(1848) I, xxiv. 354 They. .declined also the ever-ready spirit 
of a Christian life. 1852 Tennyson ekg for 79 ver- 
echoing avenues of song. 1866 Kincstey Herew. II. xxii. 
372 A life literally new, ever-renewing, ba aig ne and 
eternal. 1866 J. H. Newman Gerontius ii.14 Fainter and 
more faint the accents come, As at an ever-widening interval. 
1868 Darwin in oe § Lett. (1887) III. 75 My ever-re- 
current uncomfortable sensations, 


EVERGREEN. 


b. Occasionally prefixed to a passive inf. (pre- 
ceded by #0), forming an attrib. adj. 

1815 Mrs. Pirxincton Celebrity I. 91 This dear and 
ever-to-be-lamented parent. 

c. Prefixed to sbs. denoting action or state. vave. 

1665 J. Serjeant Sure-footing in Chr. 76 The Proper 
Cause must be an ever-delivery. /id. 106 The ever-con- 
tinuance or uninterruptedness of Tradition. 

11. Special Combinations: ever-being a., that 
always is ; hence + everbeingness ; + everblev- 
ing vl. sd. [f. bleve, BELEAVE v.], everlastingness ; 
everbrown sé., a plant always brown (humorously 
after evergreen); + ever-crescent a., ? growing 
in whatever place; +ever-durable a., destined 
to last for ever; + ever-glooming a., involved in 
perpetual gloom ; +ever-grow (see quot.). See 
also the main-words, EvVER-BLESSED, -DURING, etc. 

1655 GouGE Comm. Heb. i. 8 The greek word here trans- 
lated ever, aidva, according to the notation signifieth *ever- 
being (dei wv). 1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv.24 Gods whole 
eternity rightly taken. .is..one only everbeing now. 1839 
Battey Festus xx. (1848) 233 A bride of God, And handmaid 
of the Everbeing One. 1674 N. Farrrax Bulk & Selv.13 Such 
words to set forth Gods *ever-beingness by, as may be sure 
to shut out formerness and afterness. 1340 Ayend. 105 Pet 
uerste word [Pater] ous ssewep pe langnesse of his “eure- 
bleuinge. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, The scanty box, 
and stunted *everbrowns, and broken flower-pots..are 
scattered mournfully about. 1650 BuLWER Anthropomet. 
172 The Organs of the Practique Intellect are to rectifie 
and regulate the excrescent, supercrescent, and *ever-cre- 
scent parts, 1664 H. More JZyst, /niz. 386A third Angel.. 
denounces most direfull and *ever-durable torments to those 
that worship the Beast and his Image. 1592 Kyp Sf. Trag. 
1. in Hazl. Dodsley V. 9 Through dreadful shades of *ever- 
glooming night. 1676Grew Anat. Plants iw. 1. v. § 1 And 
an *Evergrow, is a degree above an Evergreen: here, the 
Buds and young Sprigs, do only live; there, they grow and 
are put forth. 

E:ver-ble'ssed, «. 

a. Always enjoying blessedness. b. Worthy to 
be always blessed or adored. Also aéso/. (quasi-sb.) 
argit Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 I1.6 The 
thought..Which on their Spirits was impress’d, When they 
beheld the Ever-bless’d. a@xg1x — Hymmotheo, ibid. 111. 
375, The Pray’r flew first of Mary ever-bless’d, Her Love 
invigorating all the rest. 1738 Westey ‘Ad praise to 
Him’ v, And bless the Ever-bless’d. 1842 MANNING Sevmz, 
(1848) I. xiii. 179 The power of the ever-blessed ‘Trinity. 

E:ver-dwring, a. ach. [f. Ever adv. + 
Durine ff/. a.) Always enduring, everlasting. 

1382 Wycuir /sa. xxiv. 5 For thei .. scatereden the euere 
durende [1388 euerlastynge] bond. 1480 Robt, Devyll 1133 
‘The paynes of hell, that ys euer durynge. 1541 CovERDALE 
tr. Bullinger’s Old Faith xi. (1624) 91 This only true and 


. everduring salvation. 1667 Mitton ?, L. vn. 206 Heav’n 


op’nd wide Her everduring Gates. 1725-6 Pork Odyss. 
vit. 306 Let instant death surprize With ever-during shade 
these happy eyes! 1784 Cowper Zask v. 710 Sculpture .. 
Gives bond in stone and ever-during brass. 1847 MacauLay 
Misc. Poents (1860) 432 The ever-during plant whose bough 
I wear. 1854 J. S.C. Apporr Nafoleor (1855) 1. xxiv. 391 
That civil code..will remain an ever-during monument of 
his labors. 

Hence Ever-duringness. 

1867 BusHNnett Mor, Use Dark Th, 327 ‘The sense of our 
ever-duringness comes through no speculation about the 
matter of dateless continuance. 

+ E:vere'ft, adv. Obs. [f. Ever adv. + Erv 
adv.) Ever after; ever since, thenceforth. Also 
Evereft afterward, evereft more. 

1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 281 A uayre abbey. .pat euereft ab 
ylaste. ¢1290 Lives Saints (1887) 316 Eueref Aftur-ward.. 
Of bondre huy beoth so sore a-ferd. ¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 124 
Evereft more a-lyve to ben, And nevere eft to dey3e. 

Everglade (e'vaigleid). U.S. [?f. Ever adv. 
+ GLADE. 

The formation is irregular, and the intended etymological 
sense uncertain; perh., ever was used to mean ‘inter- 
minable’.] 

A marshy tract of land mostly under water and 
covered in places with tall grass; chiefly in f/. as 
the name of a large swampy region of South 
Florida. Also attri., as Everglade kite (Rostrha- 
mus soctabilis), a bird inhabiting the everglades of 
Florida and other parts. verglade State, 
Florida. 

1827 TANNER Map Florida, Extensive Inundated Region 
-. generally called the Everglades. 1837 J. L. Wittiams 
Florida 13 The back country presents a singular alterna- 
tion of savannas, hammocks, lagoons, and grass ponds, 
called altogether the Everglades. 1841 in WEBSTER. 1841 
Catun N. Amer. Ind. 11. xxxvi. 33 Her [Florida’s] swamps 
and everglades..gloom the thew of the wary traveller. 
1856 O_msteD Slave States 153 A very large purchase had 
been made by one company in the Florida everglades. 1860 
Darwin in Life § Lett. (1887) II. 300 All the pigs being 
black in the Everglades of Virginia. 

Evergreen sro), a. and sé. [f. Ever 
adv. + GREEN.] . adj, 

1. Always green. 

[1555 Even Decades 196 Certeyne trees which contynewe 
euer greene and neuer lose theyr leaues.] 1796 H. HUNTER 
tr. St, Pierre’s Stud. Nat, (1799) 11. 409 Magnificent 
coursers pasture..in the ever-green valleys. 1860 Maury 
Phys. Geog. Sea x. § 462 Were the sea fresh. . Ireland would 
never have presented those ever-green shores. 

b. fig. Always fresh, never-failing. 

1871 Echo 13 Feb., One could not help being struck with 

the evergreen good humour of the French, 


EVERING. 


2. Of trees, shrubs, etc.: Having green leaves 
all the year round ; ; opposed to deciduous. 

In trees of this kind, th of the past season remain 
on the tree, until the new ones are completely formed, as in 
the holly, holly-oak, pine, etc. 

3671 Mitton Samson 1 35 Shade Of laurel ever-green, and 
branching palm. 1712 f. Janes tr. Le B. 1s Cordon 
186 When your Ever- Trees and Shrubs are got to 
some Height. 1845 ist’s grnl, 5 It [Arctostaphylos 
nitida] forms a a ever; b five or er 5 feet 
high. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Be aye Phaner. & Ferns 
535 The evergreen Jasmines. 

b. Of leaves: eaien till the next season. 

1776 Witnerine Brit. Plauts ( 96) II. 211 Hex. Leaves 
surrounded by a stron; ite mp a ler ; tough, shining, — 
green. 186: Miss yn Flower. "PL 1i. 357 
which are often rigid and evergreen. 

B. sé. 1. An evergreen tree or shrub. CfA. 2. 

1644 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. ps Isle of Corsica, and 
St. Remo, where the shore is furnished with evergreens, 
oranges, citrons, and date-trees. 1676 Grew Anat. Plants 
Iv. 1. v. § x An Evergreen, is one degree above a Plant 
which is simply Perennial: of This, only the Trunk and 
Buds live oP the Winter; of That, also the Expanded 
Leaves. a1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. III. 116 He 
to a Thicket lead, With ever-greens and downy Moss be- 
spread. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 67 The 
cause of the preservation of the leaves of evergreens through 
the winter is not accurately known. 1828 Scott Let. Bal. 
lantyne Jan., in Lockhart, She has no business in a ball 
room but to be ranged — the wallas anevergreen. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I, 162 Christmas had been .. the 
season.. when every house was decorated with evergreens. 

Jig. 1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 98 Lady Willowgrove 

- Was an ibe abe She had been a distinguished figure 
in society for three generations. 

2. aitrib. 

1825 J. Neat Bro, Jonathan Il. 31 The evergreen tribe. 
1841 W. Spatpine /taly & /t. Ist. III. 319 The peculiar 
tints of the evergreen region disappear. eciduous oaks 
and horse-chestnuts become prevalent. 

b. In names of various trees, shrubs, etc., as 
Evergreen Alkanet, Magnolia, Spurge laurel; 
Evergreen Oak, the Holm Oak (Quercus /lex). 

a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 62 He found the Ilex, or 
Evergreen oak in many places. 186x Miss Pratt Flower. 
P2.1V. 51 Evergreen f(a a stout bristly plant. .its 
leaves are of ‘ich deep green colour. 1867 Lapy Hersert 
Cradle L. vii. 168 Terebinth or evergreen oak here and 
there gave a graceful shade. 1882 Garden 8 July 27/3 The 
Evergreen Magnolia. .is too well known to need description. 

Hence E'vergreenness. 

1882-3 W. E. Baxter Winter in India vii. 68 The ever- 
greenness of Indian trees is one of the most striking features 
of the country. 

+ Evvering. Ods. 

1 Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 107 These rammers are made 
of old everinges [Glossary, The rounds of a waggon], har- 
rowe balls, or such like thinges as have holes. 

+ Everla‘stable, a. Olds. [f. Ever adv. + 
Last v.+-ABLE.] Capable of lasting for ever. 

Gest Pr». Masse 105 Christes churche is everlastable. 
verlasting (evala‘stin), a. and sd. [f. Ever 
adv. + LASTING. A. adj. 

1. Lasting for ever; infinite in future duration ; 
endless ; = ETERNAL A. 3. 

1340 Ayenb. 189 Guob ye acorsede in-to pe greate uere 
eurelestinde ine helle. 1509 Paternoster, Ave, & Creed 
Aiij, I trowe in y® .. forgyuenes of synnes agen rysynge 
of flesshe, and euerlast ynge lyf. 1552 Lynpesay Monarc 
IV. 5145 Thay depart from cair and cummer..Tyll Ioy and 
Soin eag 3 lyfe. 1605 Suaxs. Macé. 11. iii. 22 Some .. that 

oe the Primrose way to th’ euerlasting Bonfire. @ 1668 
Revue (J.), What a trifle isa moment’s breath, Laid in 
the scale with everlasting death !_ 1758 S. Haywarp Serm, 
i. 2 We are in danger of falling into everlasting misery. 
1781 CowPrEeR Truth 41 Too busy ..to wait On the sad 
theme, their everlasting state. 1838 Lytron Leila 1. v, 
I would all the gold of earth were sunk into the everlasting 
pit. 1878 Mosine ce Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 185 Here is 
the Everlastin, Bo 

b. Extended to the full sense of the L. #ternus, 
so as to imply past as well as future eternity ; 
= ErernaL A. 1. (In the examples following 
this sense is merely contextual; but cf. from ever- 
lasting in B. 1. 

1382 Wycuir Gen. xxi. 33 Abraham. .inwardli agit: -the 
name of euerlastynge 1535 CoveRDALE nd 
Abraham .. called vpon the name of the Lorde euerlast- 
inge God. 1578 Gude “¢ Godlie Ball, (1868) 127 ‘Thow onlie 
Maker of all thing, Thou euerlastand licht. 1612 Brste 
Isa. ix. 6 The mig} itie God, The euerlasting Father. 

. Used hyperbolically or in rélative sense. Cf. 
ETERNAL i: 

1382 Wycur Ezek, xxxv. 2 I shall bytake thee into wil- 
dernessis euerlast nee [solitudines sempiternas), ¢x400 
Destr. Troy 9569 Ye worship might haue, With a euer- 
lastond, when your lyff endis. a ro Forrescur Abs. s 


342 


lying weariness or disgust: Interminable, end- 
pote eres 

Penton Guardian's Instruct. oe an «were the 
oO. of Matrimon 


YY .. 
Phe everlasting Din of other-in-law. 1716 Lapy M. W. 
Moxracur Lett I. vi. 19 hel 1796 La everlast- 


ing disputes en upon rank. 1» De For Voy. | 
po doary a re when Riv aever desk hore, pou evenew 


come to the country of everlasting day. 
Thalaba v. xxii, From Ait’s bitumen-lakes .. ascends That 
everlasting roar. Hr. Martineau Brooke Farm vii. 
87 There was an boiling, of the kettle in the 


morning, the potatoes for nner, and the kettle again in 
the afternoon. Lytton £. Mailtrav. 4 On which 
frown. ee ee 


3. Indefinitely durable, that will ‘never’ 
out (see B. 3). Luverlasting trimming: 
broidered edging for underclothing. 

1590-1 [see B. 3]. 1882 Daily News 4 Mar., The de- 
mand is fully maintained for everlasting trimmings. Mod. 
I can recommend this material ; it’s everlasting wear. 

4. In various plant-names: a. Retaining shape 
and colour when dried; as in Everlasting Flower, 
a name given to some species of Cudweed (Gma- 
phalium), but more commonly to various species 
of Helichrysum; cf. Fr. immortelle; + Ever- 
lasting Life: ‘American Cudweed’ (Antennaria 
margaritacea). b. Perennial; as in Everlasting 
Pea (Lathyrus latifolius and other species), *t Ever- 
eng | Grass (Onobrychis sativa, Sainfoin). 

Lot Oxfordsh, 154 Commonly called Sainctfoin or 
Everlasting grass. 1705 Ture tr. Cowley’s Hist. Plants (J.), 
Witness the jase dh ase and scarlet bean. 1772-84 


Coox Voy. (1790) II. 391 The everlasting-flower. . when it is 
plucked it cannot be perceived to fade. 1783 AINsworTH 


wear 
an em- 


Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1. s.v., Life everlasting, Gnaphalium 


Americanum. 1861 S. Tuomson Wild FZ. mn. ( 
The yellow meadow vetchling, or everlasting pea. 1877 
M. Arnotp Poems, Heine's Grave, Crisp everlasting- 
flowers, Yellow and black, on the graves. 1882 Garden 
25 Mar. 202/2 The Everlasting Flowers .. are all beautiful 
border plants. 

5. quasi-adv. = EVERLASTINGLY 2 and 4. ta. 
For ever, throughout eternity (0és.). b. U.S. 
slang. Very, exceedingly, excessively. 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 67 Some of hem ceteeed 
in euyll..and now they be euerlasting dampde. 1692 Wasu- 
inGTON tr. Milton's Def. Pop. x. (1851) 228 This everlasting 
talkative Advocate of the 218.. ‘ May. Jack Down- 
inc’ May Day in N. York | da Bartlett Dict. Amer.), New 
York is an everlasting great concern. 

B. adso/. (quasi-sb.) and sd. 

1. abdsol. a. In phrases For everlasting: for all 
future time, in perpetuity. 70 everlasting: to all 
eternity. b. Subsequently with extension as in 
z: b: From everlasting: from all eternity. 

Cursor M. 4188 (Fairf.) pai wille him lede in-to fer 
lance to be pair bonde for euer-lastande. 1535 CoveRDALE 
Ps. xcii [xcili], 2 From that tyme forth hath thy seate bene 

repared, thou art from euerlastinge. @ 1600 Hooker (J.), 
We are in God through. .the love which is born towards us, 
from everlasting. 161r Biste Ps. xc. 2 Euen from euer- 
lasting to euerlasting thou art God. 1715 De For Fam. 
Instruct. 1. i. (1841) I. 19 You will learn that God is from 
the beginning, and to the end, from everlasting to ever- 
lasting. 1719 Watts 7s. xc., From everlasting thou art 
God To endless years the same. 1828 K. Dicsy Broadst. 
Hon. (1846) 11. Tancredus 6 It [chivalry] is now enlisted in 
the cause of truth and goodness .. to reign for everlasting. 
1873 Symonps Grk. Poets x. 317 Love ani beauty have be- 
longed to men from everlasting. 


2. The Everlasting: God, the Eternal. 
1382 Wycuir Prov. vili. 23 Of ‘the euere | 


a, 


. 4) 200 | 


neuer 
3 SHAKS. Rich. 11, 11. 207 Ile hate 
more. 


coavlodtioaiy” bids me be of comfort any 
= 's Arrows 1. § 34. 35 The favour which they 
ag Seay God is ingly confirmed. 1715 
lanagly io ball ati WUT), Mas herent ieee 
y in . @ fs, y have \- 
selves everlastin, be bi 1804 Worpsw. Jo the 
Supreme fetters of my tongue do Thou 


Fae bane Soend ae Fig eon cou 
Cunvron Cal Fortune Pit. 6 67 If lend me half 


a sv. ne 
b. Through all past and ions time, ‘from 
everlasting to everlasting’. + Also, Throughout 
time rhscaee yg = S 
Pash new cob Againe, haue t [the 
wwe es} ha gba nee but two, or 'y mo 
than two? 1594 Neoan Eccl. Pol. 1. v. (1611) 11 ce 
who. .euerlastingly is whatsoeuer he may 1594 CAREW 
Huarte's Exam. Wa 


its “ay et ge God was not made at anie 
time, in as much as he lastinglie 


1826 Copsett Kur. Rides des (085) II. 104 Bh Rae are ever- 


lastingly railin; ay ope be _ — 
i wee re 


ayo ocr Bi Po ga Bi 
t in dispute. Miss y mace he vi. 
Reacalivahes running up and down 3 


3. Beyond measure ; inmeaably by, encnnabialy 
(Common in U.S. slang. 
[f. as 


Everlastingness’ ake stinnés). 
prec. + -NESS.] 

1. The quality, condition, or fact of being ever- 
lasting (see the senses of the adj.). a. In ae 
logical senses : Endless existence ; pe: con- 
tinuance; unlimited durability. ’b. In extended 
sense = Ergrniry 1: The having neither beginning 


ed end of existence. 
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vm. ii. (1495) 300 The 


onbliyee of heuen. .in purenesse and euer! ©1440 
Promp. Parv.144 Tt , eternitas, 1580 HoL- 
LYBAND Teas. Ton, of ptr euerlastin; 
1648 Herrick PE prt oF Stone, No lesse 


than the heavens for ies 1656 Jeanes Mixt. 
Schol. Div. Loo A sie krcnes, of the soules everlastingnesse 
is needfull. VELYN ge (1776) 3 Te The everlasting- 
ness of the Ln [Cypress]. (folio) Boer. 
lastingness, durable nature. Lyncu 1 heo. Trin. ii. 
20 He was oe Christianity. .and its everlastingness. 
1865 PusEy Truth Ei Ch. 14 Ye affirmed the everlast- 
ene of re punishment. ring ( ‘ 6 2, (Our Lond 
I EWEL Repl. H. 1611 oss f 
hath fa led the nature of his the nature 
his veuieoeageane ynder the shod “587 Gotpinc 
De Mornay iv. 44 He hath neither eee end, 
which thing wee cal Euerlastingnes . 
is altogether at once, which is y® peculiar propertie cane euer- 
lastingnesse. 1880 Curyne /saiah I. 242 Phe idea of the 
Divine everlastingness is one of the primary notes of the 


hi 
<% Tonaite time ; = Erernity 2. a. properly, 
the future eternity ; endless duration. Also f/. 
+b. In extended sense: The absolute eternity, 


{? mis- 
translation of aé gterno) I am ordeyned. .er the erthe shulde 
be maad {1988 Fro with out bigynnyng + 1611 from ever- 
lasting]. » Suaxs. Ham, 1. i. 131 -that the Euer- 
lasting had not fix’t His Cannon ' gainst selfe-slaughter. 

3. sd. a. A material used in 16-17th c. for the 
dress of sergeants and catchpoles, app. identical 
with Durance. b. In later times, a strong twilled 
woollen stuff, called also Lasting : see quots. 

The word in quots. 1590 and 1607 ma ibly be ; 
the former ap, ident es the aneiat a the ‘ pee 2 

ent’ with du/, but it is not clear whether this means 
leather or some woollen substitute for it. 


without be = or the past eternity 
without 

a2 138a Wycuir AG ee Thei that lemen, or enfour- 

manye to ri3twisnesse [shuln shyne] as sterris in to 

pre tyngnessis. — 2 Pet. iii. 18 To him [Crist] glory 

and now and in to the day of everelastingenesse 1577 tr. 
—er Decades eS ) go And that 

is perpetual noend. @ Donne Servm. 

ie A hig vette tag nesses in the 

of Hell. Goucr Comm, Hebr. 45 This extent 


2 Esdras vi 

that dwellest in 1579 Tomson Calvin's 
Serm. Tim. 1039/1 That them before 

i T. Avams £.xf. 2 Peter i. 1 Future 
glory was ever! | for 
+3. Eternity as op) to time; the future 
state; e wi 
c1430 tr. 7. a Kempis Not sckyng po bi pat are 
[Foe Gane, mer fr Gasriantingnbs. Davs tr. 
teidane’s Comm. 240 Thy Ife tyme is verey shorte and 

n, fe thinke of an euer! 


1590 Suaks. Com. Err. w. ii. 33 Ady. Where is thy Mast 
Dromio? S. Do, A diuell in an everlasting garment hath 
him. .a fellow all in buffe. 1607 Fretcner Woman-Hater 
1v. ii, Were’t not for my smooth, soft, silken citizen, I 
would quit this transitory trade, get me an everlasting 
robe, sear up my conscience, turn nt. “ata-35 

D. Boorn rei ta Eng. Dict. 1. 184 Lasting, or 
, is a stout closely-woven worst: ae ‘dyed | vncean a 
other colours, and very much used for ladies’ shoes. 


Lim. Mon. (1714) 84 To make their 

ther Heyrs. c1§32 Drewes sores Fr.in alsgr. 1019 ero 
-Henry .. kyng ;. of all En, . be laude ever! ra 

honour without cende. ther Ea 8 Fiucyt B00) x5 Teta It{this 
story] is compiled rather for an everlasting possession than 

to be rehearsed for a prize. 1 Pome. Man w. 284 

See Cromwell, damn’d to everlasting fame! 1832 Lytron 

Eugene A.1. x, The rivulet. .d m the oe 

monniie 3839 De Gomer Recoll. io. Wks. oor 

217 ese tes of ever! 

Dict. s. v., ag the Hiden ebout 'S Seven Dials 

are said to wane pa “yo and stockings. £ 

Royal i 79" the treadmill. 1882 Miss fore ye Mut, 

iii, 79 It is the most everlasting kind of beauty, 


a a: Consiets perpetual, unceasing. Often im- 


1837 
AWT Twice-told T. (1851) I. in 2 They [panta- 
loons) must have been made of the stuff called ¢ severaating 
—_ Barwam vind Leg., Ferry Yarvis’ Wi ‘Rivet 
Bower ; {Stuff by drapers most 
termed evertaati 
4.= Everlasting Flower. See A. 4. 
specs ‘oth palo and on ini ty Tee “1864 G 
w white Ever IL- 
L Excurs. ite Mts. 350 His hat 
was Se with yellow ‘evetistiogs, C tae 
Remin. (ed. Jp a rae & a everlasting’ 


graves as emblems 
Everla‘ a, ade Te prec. +-Ly2.] 
1. Without or ever; throughout all future 


time. Also Rpocbotically ‘and in relative sense. 


Baxter Saints’ R. 1. v, § 3 What a is it 
~ 1681 Granvuns Sardd 


(x If such can barter souls for Trifles and sell 
at). such ca rer he 

b. fg. regarded as an entity. 

1627-47 Fevruam Resolves 1. Ixiv. bay it 
[a soul] a shoot of E: tas » VAUGHAN Silex 
Gresos Bight ab Sree pact ee Banco Sm fy ener 4 
dresse Bright gness, 1846 I. W 


E: ving @. 

fa Sepa Og We Per Sy 
Raroen Hist. 
[God's] reward 


EVERLY. 


The instinct of brutes and insects can be the effect of 
nothing else than the wisdom and skill of a powerful ever- 
living Agent. 1870 Bryant //iad II. xv. 77 She found the 
ever-living gods Assembled in the halls of Jupiter. 

b. fig. Of a name, fame, etc. : Immortal. 

rsor Suaks. 1 Hen. V7, w. iii. 51 That euer-liuing man of 
Memorie, Henrie the fift. 1595 W. CLarke in S, BC. 
Praise 15 Everliving praise to her loving Delia. a 1625 
Fietcner Hum. Lieutenant 1. i, So many idle hours as 
here he loiters, So many ever-living names he loses, 1871 
Mortey Voltaire pneuich Rove ever-living gifts of Grecian 
art and architecture and letters. 

2. quasi-sd. 

160r Breton Blessed Heart v. Wks. (Grosart) 15 While 
the hand of heauen is giuing Comfort from the euer-liuing? 

+E-verly, adv. Ods. or Sc. In 4 everliche, 
-lyche, evirly. [f. Ever adv.+-Ly2.] Always, 
continually. 

€1314 Guy Warw.(A.) 466 His care him neweth euer- 
liche. 1375 Barsour Bruce u. 58 (ed. Innes 1856) He. . Duelt 
in hys chambyr..With a clark with him evirly [ed. Skeat 
re anerly]. 

+Evermo’, adv. Ols. [OE phrase éfre md 
(see Ever and Mo). In the OE. quots. the words 
have their ordinary sense, so that the phrase = 
‘any longer’, ‘ever again’ (cf. EVERMORE 3 Cc) ; 
but prob. 7z¢é was also used to emphasize #/re in 
the sense ‘to all future time’; cf. Ger. zmmer 
always (:—OHG. zo-mér), immermehr evermore, 
Fr. jamais ever, never (:—vulgar Lat. jam magis 
‘now more’).] = next. 

[c897 K. AELrreD Gregory's Past. lii. 405 Gif hwelc wif 
forlet hiere ceorl, & nimd hire rne, wenestu recce he 
hire zfre ma? a@1000 Czdmon's Crist & Satan 140 (Gr.) 
Ne on pa beorhtan gesceft Ne mot ic wfre ma eazum 
starian.] a1200 Moral Ode 106 To dep idemet, and eure 
ma [7vin. Coll. MS. afremo] forlorene. c1200 Vices & Vir- 
tues (1888) 35 Hie [karitas] scal zure mo 3elasten, aider on 

sere woreld and ec on dare odre. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 44 
Londone he ys now y cleped, and worp euermo. c¢ 1380 
Sir Ferumb. 2466 For po was be gurdel pat he com fore 
y-lost for euere-mo. 1386 Cuaucer Ant.’s 7. 174 Ina 
tour, in anguish and in wo, Dwellen this Palamon and eke 
Arcite, For everemo. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 25 For such 
a coke I may go fasting evermo. 

Evermore (evaim6e'1), adv. For forms see 
Ever and More adv.; sometimes written as two 
words. [A later form of prec., mo being replaced 
by more.] | An emphatic synonym of Ever. 

In poetry the accentuation evermore sometimes occurs, 

1. For all future time. Ods. exc. arch. 

e120g Lay. 31051 King Penda.. 3erned pine are nu and 
auere mare. ¢ 1280 Gen. § Ex. 12 Blisse and soules reste[n] 
Sat him sal eauermor lesten. 1340 Hamrote Pr. Conse. 
6838 It es right pat pai duelle pare, In bat hidus myrknes 
ever-mare. ¢1440 Gesta Rom. i. 4 (Harl. MS.) He shalle 
dye in euermore lastynge dethe. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace 
1. 13 Thai haff wrocht..To hald Scotlande at wndyr 
euirmar. 192 W. Warner in Farr S, P. Ziiz, (1845) I. 
379 Disable vs eremore. 1611 Biste Yokn vi. 34 Lord, 
euermore giue vs this bread. 1791 Burns Lament Earl 
Glencairn, Awake thy last sad voice, my harp! .. Then 
sleep in silence evermair! a1854 MontGomEry O where 
shall rest be found, Lest we be banished from thy face And 
evermore undone. 

b. For (+ unto) evermore. 

¢1300 Cursor M. 23934 (Edin.) Leuedi..led me wit be for 
pi son for euir mar wit him to won. 1375 BArBouR Bruce 1. 
355 Gyff thou will hald in cheyff off me For euirmar. 1382 

yctir Ecclus. xlviii. 27 He..comfortede the weilende 
men in Sion, vnto euermor. 1855 Act 2-3 Phil. § Mary 
Cc. 20 § 3 . Shall for evermore pass and be made under 
..the Seals of the said Duchy. 1622S. Warp Woe to Drunk- 
ards (1627) 34 For euer and euer, and if it were possible for 
more than i euer, for euermore. «1694 TILLoTSON (J.), 
Those pleasures which flow from the presence of God for 
evermore. 1850 TENNYSON /7 Mem. xxxiv, My own dim life 
should teach me this, That life shall live for evermore. 

2. Always, at all times, constantly, continually. 

cx1280 A Sarmun in E. E. P. (1862) 4 Of helle pine we 
a3t be ware and euer more hit hab in po3t. 1393 Lanct. 
P. Pi. C. xvu. 3 Thei pat haue been hyre by-fore aren 
eueremore poure. 1486 Bk. St. Albans Eiija, He [the 
hare] fymaes and crotis and Roungeth euermoore. 1551 
Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. u. xlvii, The line..dothe euer- 
more run within the edge of the circle. 1 Hooker 
Eccl. Pol. u. vii, (1611) 73 The minde of man desireth euer- 
more to know the truth. 1632 Lirncow 7av. v. 209 Wilde 
Arabs .. euermore annoy the Turkes. 1668 CuLrerrer & 
Cote Barthol. Anat. 1. xviii. 48 These Vessels .. are ever- 
more found in all Bodies. 180x SourHey 7halaba x1. 
xxxvi, Yonder roar .. evermore increasing, Still louder, 
louder, grows. 1850 Lyncu Theo. Trin. viil. 138 Lift your 
eyes unto the evermore silent heaven. | : A 

3. With negatives and expressions implying a 
negative: +a. In any degree. Olds. b. At any 
future time. e@. (With the full sense of more: in 


this use better written as two words.) Ever again, 


any longer. 
¢1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel. Wks. I. | Heynes of state makib 
not a man evermore beter to God. c 1600 Suaks. Sonn, 


xxxvi, I may not evermore acknowledge thee. 1832 Hr. 
Martineau Hill § Vall. vi. 85 This circumstance seemed 
to destroy the hope that the works .. could evermore enjoy 
the prosperity which had been their lot. 1842 Mrs. Brown- 
inc Grk. Chr. Poets (1863) 139 Not in England evermore. 

A. quasi-sd. 

c18s0 F. T. Parcrave O Light of Life, Through heaven’s 
great day of evermore. 

+ Everr, v. Ods.—° [a. L. éverr-ére to sweep 
out, f. 2- out + verrére to sweep.] _ (See quot.) 

1623-6 Cockeram, Zverve, to sweepe the house. 


343 


+Everse, a. Obs. [ad. L. evers-us, pa. pple. 
of evertére to greta) (See quot.) 

1570 Bituncstey Euclid v. Def. xvi. 134 Conuersion of 
proportion (which of the elders is commonly called euerse 
proportion, or euersion of proportion). 

+ Eve'rse, v. Obs. [f. L. evers- ppl. stem of 
évertére: see EvERT.] trans. To overturn, over- 
throw; = Evert. Also fg. 

¢1430 Lypc. Bochas m. v. (1554) 77a, Many riche royall 
mighty towne Haue bene euersed .. For sinne of princes 
which that wern lecherous. 1530 Patscr. 540/2 Fortune 
hath eversed his chaunce upsyde downe. 1661 GLANVILL 
Van. Dogm. iv. 38 The foundation of which Principle .. is 
totally evers’t by the most ingenious Commentator. 

Hence + Everrsed ///. a. 

1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. xu. xix. 316 Diuerse sorts 
of glasses .. the cornerd, the inversed, the eversed .. and 
cleare glasses. 

Eversible (tvsssib’l), a. [f L. gers- ppl. 
stem of evertére (see EVERT) + -IBLE.] Capable 
of being everted or turned inside out. 

1877 Huxtey Anat. nv. Anim. iv. 179 The penis is often 
eversible and covered with spines. 1878 Bext tr. Gegev- 
bauer's Comp. Anat. 383 This latter appendage is eversible. 

Eversion iva ipa): [a. OF. eversion, ad. L. 
Gversion-em, n. of action f. évertere : see EVERT.] 

+1. The action of overthrowing; the condition 
of being overthrown ; an overthrow, overturning ; 
“it. and fig. Obs. 

¢1470 Harpinc Chron. vii. (1812) 33 xote, Iason at Troie 
first evercion Caste doun Ilion.. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. 
Scot. (1821) I. 58 This nobil realme .. wes neir brocht to 
finall eversione. 1614 T. Apams Devil's Banquet 292 Their 
euersion is our conuersion. 1640 Br. Hatt Ffisc. 1. i. 15 
The restauration of the English Church and eversion of 
Popery. 1678 Wantey Wond. Lit. World 1. xxxiv. § 16. 
rt I will take from Pollio all future occasion of falling 
into such precipitant eversion of the mind. 1709 Srryre 
Ann. Ref. I. Wii. 625 Disorderly preaching. .tending to the 
eversion of good laws and orders ecclesiastical. 1801 FUSEL1 
Lect. Art i. (1848) 354 Scenes subsequent to the eversion 
of Troy. 1820 S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (ed. 3) 1. u. App. 
545 The fate of the column of the image after its eversion. 

+b. (See quot.) Obs. 

1678-1706 Puitiirs, Eversion in Rhetorick is the same 
figure, according to Ruffianus, with Epanodus. 

. +a. gen. The action of turning outwards; 
opposed to zzverston. Obs. 

1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. xv. (1660) 197 The Eversion of 
the taile of the Lyon is an expresse token of his placabilitie 
or tractablenesse. 

b. Path. and Phys. The action of everting or 
turning (an organ or structure) inside out; the 
condition of being everted. version of the eye- 
lids = EctrRopion. 

1751 Spry in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 19 The conjunctive be- 
came greatly inflamed, with an eversion of the gue’ lid. 
1866 HuxLey Preh. Rent. Caithn. 100 The increased breadth 
at the latter spot being due to the well marked eversion 
of the tuberosities. 1872 Darwin Emotions v. 121 Dogs, 
in their expressions of fondness, have a slight eversion 
of the lips. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Eversion, in Botany, the 
external protrusion of organs from the cavity in which they 
are developed. 

+8. Eversion of proportion = conversion of pro- 
portion: see CONVERSION. Obs. 


x (see Everse a]. | 

versive (ivausiv),a. [f. L. vers- ppl. stem 
of dvertére (see EvERT)+-IVE.] Tending to ever- 
sion or overthrow. Const. of. 

31917 Wodrow Corr. (1843) U1. 324 Changing that imposi- 
tion to some other shape, as eversive of the rights of the 
Christian people. 1756 T. Amory Life ¥. Buncle (1770) I. 
216 Schemes. .eversive of true knowledge. 1767 H. Brooke 
Fool of Qual. (1792) III. 250 No man. .can possibly be bound 
by any consents or contracts eversive of the laws of God 
and of their own nature. 179% Geppes Bible Ex. xi. (R. 
Supp.), A maxim eversive. .of all justice and morality. 

Evert (évs-1t), v. [ad. L. évert-cre to overturn, 
f. é& out + vertére to turn.] 

+1. ¢rans. To turn upside down, upset. Z¢. and 
Jig. Obs. rare. 

1601 B. Jonson Poetaster 1v. iv, The very thought Everts 
my soul with passion. 1620 Venner Via Recta viii. 182 To 
end the meale with much drinke, doth by euerting the con- 
coction, cause eructations. a 1693 Urqunart Radelais 1, 
Prol. 6 There did he. .evert it [a tub], invert it, subvert it. 

+ 2. To overthrow (a city, temple, enemy, etc.). 
Also absol. Obs. 

1533 Bettenven Livy 1. (1822) 53 Legiounis of futemen, 
to evert and cast doun the foresaid ciete to the ground, 
1593 Bitson Govt. Christ's Ch. 311 It is easier to euert or 
disturbe, then to plant or establish. 1599 Nasne Lenten 
Stuffe 50 For feare after he had. euerted their foes .. hee 
woulde rauen vp them. 1730-1800 in Battey. 

b. jig. To overthrow (an empire, government) ; 
to upset (a judgement, argument, doctrine, law, 
etc.) ; to frustrate (a purpose); rarely, to over- 
throw (a person) in argument. Ods. or arch. 

1538 Starkey England ui. ii. 192 The suttylty of one ser- 

eant schal euerte [#isfrinted enerte] and destroy al the 
jugementys of many wyse men before tyme receyuyd. 
cxgss HarpsrieLp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 281 He began 

..to evert his fathers .. testament. 1563 Homilies u. 
Idolatry 1. (1859) 211 And the noble Empire of Greece 
clean everted. 158r Savite Agric. (1622) 189 And chiefly 
his great attempts against Germany turning to nothing, 
euerted that 1600 Hottanp Livy Vill. Xxx, 303 
Then hath the master of horsemen ..everted and_over- 
throwne both Dictatours Majestie and Militarie discipline. 


a ee eo 


EVERY. 


@168: Wuarton Fasts § Fest. Wks. (1683) 11 Antiochus 
Epiphanes .. everted the true worship of God. Goap 
Celest. Bodies 1. vii. 244 We have everted that Objection. 
1726 Ay.irFE Parerg. 175 The Jurisdiction of the Judge is 
not yet everted and overthrown. 1849 J. Witson in Blackw. 
Mag. LXVI. 652, Iam overthrown—everted—subverted— 
the contradiction is flagrant. 1872 J. WALKER Scot. Theol. 
& Theolog. iv. (1888) 100 They clearly evert the fundamentals. 

3. To draw or turn out of the way; to tum 
aside. Also fig. Obs. 

1578 Banister Hist, Man ww. 59 This muscle. .hauying in 
office to euerte the foote to the interiour partes. 1650 
Baxter Saints’ R.1, viii. (1662) 141 The Will is thus everted 
from the fore-mentioned Objects. 

4. To turn the inner surface of (the eyelid, etc.) 
outwards ; to turn inside out. 

1804 [see Evertep Af. a.]. 1821 T. Sanpwitn Odserv. 
Med. & Surg. 99 The cheeks drawn downward in such a 
manner as to evert the lower eye-lids. 1839 Topp Cycé. 
Anat. 11, 38/1 The gullet and part of the stomach [of star- 
fish] are usually everted, protruded, and applied round the 
object to be swallowed. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man II. xviii. 
281 Muscles for everting the sack, and for closing or open- 
ing the orifice, 1879 Haran Lyesight v. 51 It is a very 
simple and easy thing to evert the eyelid. 


Evertebral (2vi-1t/bral), a. Anat. [f. E- prefs 
+L. vertebr-a+-AL; cf. VERTEBRAL.] Not verte- 
bral ; not of the nature of, or not connected with, 


the vertebral column. 
1878 Bett Gegenbauer’s Comp. Anat. 447 The anterior, or 
evertebral portion [of the cranium]. 


Evertebrate (zva‘it/brét), a. and sb. Zool. [f. 
E- pref.3+ L. vertebra + -avE* ; cf. VERTEBRATE.] 
= INVERTEBRATE. 

1883 A. Leste tr. Mordenskidld’s Voy. Vega 97 The 
dredging yielded..a large number of marine evertebrates. 

Evertebrate (zva3t‘breit), v. [f. as prec. + 
-ATE3.] trans. To deprive of the backbone. 

1880 7inzes 28 Apr. 7/6 Professor Odling complained. .that 
the statute had been ‘ evertebrated and eviscerated’. 

Everted (‘va-utéd), af/. a. [f. Evert + -Ep1.] 
Turned outwards or inside out. 

1786 R. Situ in Microcosm No. 3 Even these [persons] 
would .. be absolutely taken ill of an everted coal-box. 
1804 ABERNETHY S27g. Odserv. 83 And turns over the everted 
edges of the opening. 1836 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 225/1 
When cut longitudinally, the inner surface of the arteries 
does not become everted. 1859 R. F. Burton Cent». A/r. 
in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 53 The lips are tumid and 
everted, 1866 Huxrey Prep. Rem. Caithn, 130 The jugal 
arches of the European are@ardly ever, if ever, so wide and 
everted as those of some Esquimaux. 1878 Grove Dict. 
Mus. 1, 210 Bell, the everted opening in which most wind 
instruments terminate. 

Eve'rting, 72/. sb. [f. as prec.+-1NG1.] The 
action of the vb. Evert; in quot. =‘ throwing off’. 

x611 SPEED //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x, xi, (1632) 680 What will not 
money..doe; with corrupt dispositions, euen to euerting of 
all bands of either religious or ciuill duties. 

Every (e'vori, ev'ri), 5d. Also 4 eur. [Var. 
form of EaveR1.] Rye grass (Lolium perenne). 

14.. tr. Higden (Rolls) VIL. 525 (Hard. ATS. 1900) Of whete 
and of eur’ that som men clepeth darnel. 1863 Barnes 
Dorset Gloss. (Philol. Soc.), Every or ever-grass. 

Every (e'vori, ev'ri), a. (quasi-frov.) Forms: 
a. 1 &fre &le, 2 efrec, 3 sever elc(h, efrech, 
ever ech, evreche, 3-6 evere, (5 evre). B. 3 
ever ulc, 3-6 ev(e)rile, -il(k(e, (3, 4-5 orth. 
evere -ilc, -ilke). y. 2 ev(e)ric, ewric, efri, 3 
eaver euch, ev-, eavriche, a-, efri(c(h, ev-, 
av-, everihc, 3-6 everich(e, -yche, (4 evreich, 
everuch(e, 5 evirych, evyriche, 6 ewerik), 
4-7 everi(e, -ye, (4 evri, 6 ewry), 4- every. 
Also 5 ery, 8 (in verse and colloq.) e’ery. [OE. 
a 4 fi = 
aefre &le, *efre ylc: see EVER adv. and Eacu. 

The OE. #/c, yic, was a compound of 4, synonymous with 
éfre; but, owing to umlaut and contraction, the etymologi- 
cal force of the word had become obscured, and &/rve was 
prefixed in order to express more distinctly the original 
sense. Although the phrase was always written in OE. (as 
sometimes in ME.) as two words, it had in rothc. already 
come to be felt as a compound, and when it is governed by 
a prep. this is placed before the first of the two words. The 
forms marked a descend from #/re #/c, and the B forms, 
including the mod. every, from #/re vlc. It does not appear 
that fre was prefixed to the other two words, &ghwile and 
seAwile, which enter into the history of Eacu.] 

I. As aaj. used attrib. 
1. Used to express distributively the sense that is 


expressed collectively by a//. 

Originally this sense was expressed by each, from which 
every differed only in emphasizing the element of univer- 
sality in the signification. Thus Wyclif writes ‘every 
langour and eche sekenesse,’ it being unnecessary to repeat 
the emphasis. When every had ceased to be recognizable 
as a compound of each, the two words were at first often 
used somewhat indiscriminately, but their functions were 
gradually differentiated. In mod. usage, every directs at- 
tention chiefly to the totality, each chiefly to the individuals 
composing it. It may also be observed that each usually 
refers to a numerically definite group, in contrast to the 
indefinite universality expressed by eve7y : thus ‘Each theory 
is open to objection’ relates to an understood enumeration 
of theories, but ‘Every theory is open to objection’ refers 
to all theories that may exist. 

a. followed immediately by a sb., or by a sb. 
preceded by a descriptive adj. ; occas. with vb. in A/. 

Wutrstan Hom, (Napier) 20 /Efre zlcne neode [Man 
gezrnad to gode sylfum ymbe. O.£. Chron. an. 1014 Ani 
zfre zelene Deniscne cyng, utlah of Engla lande gecwadon. 


1193 Lamb. Hom. 135 Euriche sunendeie, and odre he3e 
da3en, I a1200 Moral Ode 
65 (Trin. MS.) Africh man mid pat he haued mai 
heueriche, c120g Lay, 2378 For euer ule [c 1275 
god mon ah his lauerdes heste to do. /bid. 2 fuer zlc 
swein. a1225 Ancr. R. 4 Rihten hire and hire is 
. of efrich 

wif is hire were pral. 


hes gevin hym. 
right woonder, such as 


Utensil that were in use among the Romans. 
1796 Hist. Ned Evans I1, 105 Every inhabitant, male and 
female, young and old, was assembled. 1820 SouTHEY 
Life Wesley 1. 393 To see every person in his class at least 
once a week, 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 279 In every 
experimental science there s a tendency towards perfection, 
1860 Mrs. Cartyie Lett. III, 34 Feeling better in every 
way. 1879 Lockyer Elem. Astron, 1x. |. 307 Every particle 
of matter attracts every other particle. 

b. preceded by a possessive pronoun. 

1588 Suaxs. L. L. L.1v. i. 87,1 prophane my heart on thy 
euerie part. 1610 — Temp. u. i. 257 A space whose 
eu'ry cubit Seemes to cry out, how, etc. 161x — Cyd. 1. 
iv. 49 Then a young Traueller..in my euery action to be 
guided by others experiences. 1682 hae & Lee Dé. 
Guise u. ii, Your every Grace Will kill at least your thousand 
in a day. 1702 Rowe 7amert. 1. i, There my Thoughts 
my every Care is center’d. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) 
III. 97 Her every moment to find the moment critical. 1 
Jane Austen Northang, Abd. (1866) 95. 1812 COLERIDGE in 
Southey Omniana 11. 234 The ungrateful traitor, whose 
every measure has been to make them still more incapable. 
1835 Beckrorp Recol/. 146 Anger pervaded his every look 
and gesture. 1870 LoweLt Steely Vind. 87 The American- 
ism of his every thought, word and act. 1879 J. W. SHERER 
Who is Mary? 258 She turned her love over in its every 
aspect. 

c. with a superl. adj. (preceded by she) inter- 
posed before the sb. Ods. or arch. (The sense 
would now be expressed by even the least, etc., 
treated as a parenthesis). 

1620 J. King Serm. 28 Euery the least remembrance. 
1659 Br. WALTON Consid. Considered 73 In all the Copies 
extant..every the least iota and tittle is to be found. 1785, 
Mrs. A. M. Bennett Fuvenile Indiscr. (1786) V. 117 Strict 
adherence to every the minutest part of their customs and 
religion. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 
1.x, Every the most minute article. 1837-8 Sir W. Hami- 
TON Logic xv. (1866) I. 277 Every, the most complex, web 
of thought may be reduced to simple syllogisms, 

+d. with a or an before the sb. Ods. 

1300 Cursor M. 510 (Gott.) lornays. .fourti mile euerilk 
aday. ¢ 1325 Pol. Songs (1839) 157 Everuch a parosshe heo 

Iketh in pyne. 1352 Minor Poems x. 51 God save sir 

“dward his right In everilka nede. c1440 Hytton Scala 
Perf, (W. de W. 1494) u. xli, Eueryche a soule resonable 
owyth for to coueyte. .nyghynge to Jhesu. 

e. with sbs. referring to time, as day, year, etc. in 
advb. phrases indicating repetition (cf. Every- 
DAY); also (d.) before a cardinal numeral, to in- 
dicate successive groups of objects ; (c.) before an 
ordinal, successive intervals of action. So Every 
other (day, etc.), where other =‘ second’, Also 
attrib. + Every other while: at alternate periods ; 


every now and then. 

(a.) ¢120§ Lay. 6034, & aure alche [c 1275 euereche) wintre 
— Wales rnd began @ 1300 yage pela sg (Gott.) 
Arli be apostlis euer-ilke day went to be temple for to prai. 

“ , a ek A marchand of this vie, 


» I 
Selden's pe CZ. ns of .. greater Armadoes 


RYDEN Vi 


(6.) 1606 Suaxs. Ant. § Ci. v. ii. 278 In every tenne 
[women] that they [the Gods] make, the diuels marre fiue. 
@ 1626 Bacon New Ati. (1629) 19 Every twelue res ther 
should be set peg ey bag | @1716 Lavy M. W, Mon- 
TAGUE Let, to Mrs. S. 5 Aug., Every twenty paces gives you 
the pros} of some villa, and enery our hours a large 
town. 1 Macautay Hist. Eng, I, 176 A parliament 
should be held every three years, 

(c.) ¢1400 Maunpev. (1839) xvi. 174 At euery thrydde pas 
- bei gon fro here hows pei knelen, ¢1g00 Beryn 1256 

‘o clothe the al new, euerich othir doy. 1517 TORKINGTON 
5A (1884) 20 Every yer or evi er yer ys Chosyn a 

€. 1545 Upatt, etc, Hrasm, Par. (1548) Luke iv. 98a, 
An extreme ty deiuill ., dooeth euery other while 
soodainly take ys suey Baebes. 2 Hen. 1V, u. ii. 329 
This same staru’d Iustice hath done nothing but prate to 
me, and euery third word a Lye. 1829 Benruam Wés, 


(1843) XI. 18 The 


Harper's Mag. 
Niet ainke eae 
f. On every side: everywhere, in every 


ividual. Lvery now and 
hen, every now and again, every once in a while 
[corruption of ever, etc.]: at intervals, from time 
to time. Lvery bit, every whit: altogether, en- 
tirely, —_ ey aoe a there: at various 
points or places. Lvery which way: (U. S.) every- 
way, in all divectionn” Also Sancta 


¥ we a kof two). Obs. Z 
cx .G.W, 2378 Philomene, : 
PI femal aa 237 narmes everych 


of hem 


ao here legs 


~ Pemmpagarn covered with white 
them a vizard upon their faces, 


and of them is diuided againe into two kindes. 

+ 6. Distributing a ‘plural. Os. ; = Eacu. 
fo Rakes or: ross aunt en este fo wasn 
In c ‘ookery e 
d mn of of Gra ~~ P of 


¢ 1205 Lay. 5883 On xuer alchere [c 1275 he] halue. 
Ibid. 10549 Folc hi wende an Iche [ce x: he] 
ende. 1297 R. Giouc. (Rolls) 5952 The deneis..in euerich 
ende Him worrede her & per. ¢1340 Cursor M. 1646 (Trin.) 
Couetise lecchery ond pate Hab spred pis world on euery 
syde. 1583 Stocker Warres Lowe C.1.79a, The Spaniardes 
murdered euery mothers sonne of them. 1700 g PARKER 
6 Philos. Ess. 12 The Primeval Earth will be e’ery whit as 
ill shaped as that we poor Mortals inhabit. 1731 Select. fr. 
pi fe Wkly. 2. (1732) II. 255 The Doctor was every now 
and then confoundedly panied what to do with them. 1833 
Be. Tuirtwatt in Philol. Mus. 11. 240 The theory will every 
now and then become the foundation of the history. 1840 
Dickens Barn. Rudge xxxix, ‘Every one of 'em, replied 
Dennis, ‘Every man Jack’. 1859 Dasent Pop. Tales Norse 
#7, Every man Jack of them are so sound asl 1860 

ARTLETT Dict. Amer. s.v., Every once in a while. _ 
Mark Twain Roughing /t (in Farmer Americanisms), He 
put on the pack saddle. .and then wound a rope all over and 
about it and under it every which way. 1883 P. Rosinson 
Fishes of Fancy 90 Every now and again the ear could 
catch the sudden splash of 5 pike meeting pike. i 

+ 2. With plural sb. (chiefly with defining word 
interposed): All severally (cf. Gr. xaoro). Obs. 

1558 Q. Etiz. in St Ann. Ref. I. App. i. 2 Subjects of 
every the said kingdomes. xgg1 F. Sparry tr. Cattan’s 
Geomancie 68 Of the head and of euery things therein con- 
tayned. 1610 Suaxs. Jem. v. i. 249 I’le resolue you. .of 
over Thee happend accidents. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 
126 Taking Polycrates the Athenian Captaine with him, 
and a man from euery the Coronels. 1626 W. ScLaTER 
Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 256 Wee..owe him [God] obedience 
according to euery his morall commands. 1671 H. M. tr. 
Evrasm. Collog. ai ieaey several Troups have their Ensignes. 

3. With loss of distributive sense: = ‘All pos- 


| sible’, ‘the utmost degree of’. 


(1783 Lp. Percy in G. Xose’s Diaries (1860) I. 58 Every 
domestic ease .. that a mortal could enjoy.] Mod. I feel 
every respect for him. They showed him every considera- 
tion, There is every prospect of success. 

4. In senses now commonly expressed by each. 
a. In Every man, used to distribute a plural. 
(arch.) +b. Each of two (ods. exc. dial.). 

1526-34 TinDALE Matt. xx. 9 They... came and receaved 
every man a peny. [So in oP a and &.V.) x. THYNNE 
Animady. (1875) 50 They ita ng one euerye syde of hym. 
1632 Litucow Trav. x. 455 e Sergeants, and the two 
slaues, thrust on euery ancle an heauy bolt. 1880 Axtrim & 
Down Gloss.s.v., There's a chimley on every en’ o’ the house. 

+ 5.=Any; in sentences expressing possibility. 

1552 Huvoer s.v., Euerye man, guilibet, 1577 B. Goocr 
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 180 b, When everie season suf- 
fereth them [bees] not to be abroad, they must at such times 
bee fedde. 1760 Gotpsm. Cit. W. xxv, The weakness of 
the wall which every earthquake might overturn. 

II. aéso/. (quasi-pron.) 

+6. Everybody, every one. Obs. 

a a Ancr. R. Bhd euerich schal holden pe uttre efter 
pet pe licome mei best mid hire serui pe inre. c1ago Gen. 
4 Ex, 2355 Euerilc he kiste, on ilc he gret. ¢1380 Wycur 
Sel. Wks. III. 102 Fuyr schal preve pe werke of everyche. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 103 Every hath of God a 
propre gifte, Som this, som that, as him likith. 1475 Cax- 
TON Fason, Euerich hadde well eten and dronken rayson- 
ably. 1502 ArnotpE Chron. (1811) 4 That euerich admyttyd 
in to the lybarte of the cite be of certayn crafte or office. 

7. Each, or every one, of (several persons or 
things). Formerly often with verb in pl. Obs, 
exc. in legal documents. 

1388 Wyciir Matt. xx. 9 Thei token eueryche of hem a 

ny. 1398 TREVISA Barth. De P. R. um. xii, (Tollem. MS.), 
be wit bat takep hede to many pingis takep pe lasse hede to 
eueriche perof. £1430 Cookery Bks. 20'Temper it vppe wyth 
almaunde mylke, & do et of hem in a potte, 1486 in 
Surtees Misc, (1890) 47 Hertly I pray you, and everych of 
you. 3512 Act 4 Hen. V/I//, c. 10 All other thinges com- 
prised in the same Indentures and letres patentes and in 
everych of them. 1§78 Lyre Dodoens 1. Ixxviii. 116 Every 
of the sayde joyntes are of the quantitie of a wheate corne. 
1658 Siincssy Diary (1836) 420 Promissing to them and 
every of them rewards and summes of money. we I. 
SERGEANT gel gene 8 in Chr. 224 Every of whens We 
and Actions were infinitely to be admir’d. 1722 De For 
P (1840) 41 Every of the said chirurgeons is to have 
twelvepence a body searched by them. " 

b. esp. in phrase A// and every (= L. universt 
et singuli). The phrase is also occas. used in 
concord with a sb. in -~ or pl. 

102 Gt. Charter in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 223 That the 
chartur aforsaid in alle and euerych her articles..be ob- 
serued, 1§26 Pilgr. Perf. y. de W. 1531) 182 Let vs all 
& eueryche of vs in all our distresse .. ron to that trone of 
mercy, 1570 Grinpat Rem, (1843) 149 That all and every 
of the said vicars havea Bible. » . Wi i 
Dircks Life (1865) 390 Use these 1 
the purposes aforesaid, 1826 Benruam in Westm, Rev. V1. 
473 To all and every the children and child of the said 


intended marriage. seg 4 8 49 Vict. c. 119 Sched. ii, 
The sai his hei: or dncinis 


e said irs, 5 
and all and every other person whosoever. 


” 


III. Combinations. 

+9. Every other. = Each other: used as a re- 
ciprocal pronoun. (In early use every is subj. and 
other obj.; later the phrase appears as a com- 
pound.) Odés. 

1154 O. E. Chron an, 1335) Euric man sone rauede Pond 
be mihte. cx175 Lamb. Hom. 7 We luuien ure efrec oder 
us bi-twenen swa we weren brodre. ¢1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. 
W. 719 Tisbe, The name of everych to othyr 
€ 1386 — Pars. 7. 128 The lovyn: children. - wolden ev: 
of hem eten other if thay mighten. 1413 Lypc. Pilgr, 
Sowle v. xiv. (1483) 105 They saiden graces wonder ioyfi 
rag tay. eueriche other — hand. 1594 Kyp Cornelio v. 
Led = Dodsley V. 242 They ran at ever-each other hand 
and foot, a 

10. Every one. (In 16-17thc. the form everych 
one was often divided every chone.) 

+ a. adj.=sense 1a. Obs. 

1548 Upatt Erasm. Par. Luke 103b, Euery one man 
= t to be neighbour toan other, 

. adj, absol. (e:vri won). With reference to a 
sb. or pron, going before, which it usually dis- 
tributes ; or followed by of Often incorrectly with 
pl. vb, Sometimes = Each (of two things), 

¢ 1225 Ancr. R, 18 Blescid ou mid euerichon of Seos gret- 
_— c 1250 Gen, § Ex. 185 Ilk kinnes erf, and wrim, 
and der..And euerilc on in kinde good. ¢1x320 R. Brunne 
Medit. 132 With hym ryse everyche-one. c1380 Wycur 
Sel. Wks. III. 502 Evere ilk one of pese parties jo 
same Gods body. ¢ 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 48 We sch 
foonde euery-choon. ¢ Towneley Myst. 121 He com- 
maundes you everilkon, To hold no kyng bot hym alon. 
x ‘Sheph. Kalender x\vii,I shall them soon vanquish every 
chone. @1535 More On the Passion Wks. 1389/1 To haue 
hadde theym taken and slayne euerye chone. "1588 Kine tr, 
Canisius’ Catech. 216 The sinne of Adam..is in al men, 
ane seueral and peculiar sinne in euerilk ane. 1607 TorsELL 
Four. Beasts (1673) 223 The under lip five, every one of 
the cheeks ten. 161x BisLe Num. xvi. 3 All the Congrega- 
tion are holy, euery one of them. ax1680 Butter Rem. 
(1759) I. 14 Wht uss one can swear. 1699 BenTLey 


Phal. Pref. 89 Every one [of these P, ] are true. 
c. pron. (e'v'rijwon). Every we'd ; sometimes 
written as one word. The pron. referring to every 


one is often f/.: the absence of a sing. pron. of 
common gender rendering this violation of gram- 
matical concord sometimes necessary. 
pg tae. R. 252 Muchel neod is pet euerichon holde 
mid , mid bisie bonen. ©1340 Cursor M, 10047 (Trin.) 
Pe chastite of pis lady O: .-Gredines of eueruch 
1387 TREVISA Zoo (Rolls) VII. 125 Euerichon loked to 
hym self. 1 KELTON Magnyf. 1055 Cryst save everych- 
one, 1556 - Heywoop Spider §& F. A iij, Tyll everie one 
ocked everichone, 1695 Woopwarp Nat/. Hist. Earth 
Pref., The Difficulties .. 


A > tl Iv. 
1735 Jounson tr. Lobo’s Voy, 99 Every one Sacrifices 


977 W. H. Matuoce New Repub. (1078) o4 Everyone then 
. . (5 

tied he ny in i meade coloured. 

ic vati as . 

Ronit The Sense cents His 


erat coloars Clary whe Bier 

12. Combined with adverbs, as EvEryHow, 
EVERYWHERE, etc., and with substantives, in which 
the combination is usually written as one word, 
the sense of the substantive being weakened; as 
EveryBopy, EVERYTHING, etc. 

“113. The form ever each, surviving in archaistic 
use till 16th c., was me a into every each, which 
often ap) in late editions of 15th c. texts (where 
the originals had evereche, everych, or the like), 
and hence has occas, been used arch. by recent 


writers, 
Lypc. Bochas 1. xix. (1554) Sampson .. toke 


1430 35 - r} 

their [foxis] tailes knit them twein a twein And amid 
euery eche he set a fire-bronde. 1477 Norton Ord, Alch, 
i. in Ashm. (1652)21 Everie each of Foure were Goldand like 
a Knight Martet Gr. Forest 29 And — eche 
moment at death his nod and beck. 1607 Torsett Hour-/. 
Beasts (1673) 375 Every each other day he suffereth one 
i i, + 31609 C. Butter Fem. Mon, vii. (1623) 
part they die one, 1634 


w every each 
Every, obs. var, of Ivory, 


EVERYBODY. 
‘Everybody (e'vari-), e-v'rijbpdi, -bgdi), prov. 


[Comb. of Every and Bopy in the sense (now obs. 
in literary use) of fevson. Formerly written as 
two words: cf. AnyBopy.] Every person, every 
one. Everybody else: every other person. Some- 
times incorrectly with J/. vd. or pron. 

¢1830 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 285 Everye bodye 
was in theyr lodgynges. 1580 Sipney Arcadia 11. (1613) 156 
Now this bing did keepe a great house, that euerie body 
might come and take their meat freely. 1620 Hore Suésec. 
477 To take vpon him the disciplining of euery body for 
sone errours. 31691 T. H[ave] Acc. New Jnvent. p. \xxxvii, 
That which is every body’s work is no body’s. 1710 Berke- 
Ley Princ. Hum, Knowl. § 97 TVime, place, and motion .. 
are what everybody knows. 1715 De For Kam, [nstruct, 
1. i. (1841) I. 10 Do not everybody else love him? 1759 Br. 
Warsurton Lett. (1809) 280 Every body else I meet with 
are full ready to go of themselves. ¢ 1817 Hoe 7 ales § Sk. 
II. 196 Gilbert was every body’s body. 1820 Byron IVks. 
(1840) IV. 298 Every body does and says what they please. 
1860 TYNDALL Glac. 1. xi. 72 What I suppose has been ob- 
served..by everybody. 1866 Ruskin £th. Dust v. (1883) 82 
Everybody seems to recover their spirits. 1871 Morey 
Voltaire (1886) 119 He was ever on the alert..to impart of 
it [knowledge] to everybody else. 

Everyday (evori,-, evrijdel, e:vrijdéi), 5d. 
and a, {Combination of Every and Day.] 

A. sb. +a. Each day in continued succession. 
b. dial. A week-day, as opposed to Sunday. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth, u. ii. 33 O ou man wher fore mak- 
est hou me gilty by pine euerydayes pleynynges. 1888 
Enwortuy W, Somerset Word-bk. s.v.. Oh! [keeps they 
for Sundays, I don’ put ’em on ’pon everydays. A7od. Sc. 
Ask him for an every-day, he cannot come on a Sunday. 
Sunday and every-day are alike to him. 

B. attrib., passing into ad7. 

1. Of or pertaining to every day, daily; also, 
pertaining alike to Sundays and week-days. 

1647 SatMaRSH Spark, Glory (1847) 170 His fulness lives 
in an eternal every-day sabbath, while some live in little 
more than... one day in the week. 1648 Hammonp II’’s, 
IV. (1684) 508 An every-day care for the drying up of the 
great fountain of Leprosie in the Heart. 1796 Lams Le?t?. to 
Coleridge in Life ii. 16, I am heartily sick of the every-day 
scenes of life. 1804 Br. Lincotn in G. Rose’s Diaries (1860) 
II. 85, I do not doubt but you want constant every-day 
debaters. 1857 Livincstone 7vav. Introd. 6 zo¢e, Make 
religion the every-day business of your life. 1861 FLo. 
NIGHTINGALE Nursing 95 The everyday management of a 
sick room. 1880 MurrHEAp tr. /xstit. Gaius 591 Voluntary 
sale of a slave was of everyday occurrence. +1888 ELwortHy 
W. Somerset Word-bk. s.v., An ‘every-day horse’ is one 
that can work all the week long..not like a Parson’s 
horse, which can only work Sundays. 

2. Of articles of dress: Worn on ordinary days 
or week-days, as opposed to Sundays or high- 


days. Also fig. Zvery-day self. 

1632 Massincer City Madam 1. i, Few great ladies going 
toa masque..outshine our’s [fashions] in their every-day 
habits. 1824 Miss Mitrorp V7d/age Ser. 1, (1863) 215 The 
every-day ribbands were coloured. 1840 Dickens Odd C. 
Shop xiii, Mr. Quilp invested himself in his every-day gar- 
ments, 1883 H. H. Kane in Harfer’s Mag. Nov. 945/2, I 
seemed to have left my every-day self in the. . vestibule. 

8. To be met with every day ; common, ordinary. 
Of persons and their attributes: Commonplace, 
mediocre, inferior. Also every-day-world adj. 

@1763 SHENstonr (T.), Things of common concern..make 
no slight impression on everyday minds. 1781 Jounson 
L. P., Akenside, This was no every-day writer. 1791 Bos- 
WELL Yohnson (1831) IV. 19 Every-day knowledge had the 
most of his just praise. 1817 CoLEripGE Biog. 202 Persons 
of no every-day powers and acquirements. 1845 J. H. 
Newman Ess. Developm. 249 Her every-day name..was 
the Catholic Church. 1847 ALB. SmitH Chr. Tadpole xxxii. 
(1879) 277 [She] had shrunk from the every-day people in the 
parlour of the public-house. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter sThe 
vulgar everyday-world way of putting the idea. 1868 F'REE- 
man Norm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 287 Treason is spoken of as 
an everyday matter. 1871 Mad. Sinzple’s Invest. iv, People 
who have a cook. .ought not to dine like everyday folks. 

Hence Everydayness, 7a7¢. 

1840 LoweLt Love Poet. Wks. (1879) 82 The every-day- 
ness of this work-day world. 1876 Mrs, Wuitney Sights 
& Ins. xxiv, Nice, jolly every-dayness. 

+E-verydeal. Oés. [Combination of Every 
and DEAL. 

1. as sé. Every part, the whole, every point in 
particular. 

i R. Grove. (1724) 35 For my god heo louede me, & now 
he habbep euery del. ¢1z330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 78 A 
message..Teld William eueridele of Malcolme robberie. 
1413 Lypa. Pilger. Sowde 1v. xxxvi. (1483) 83 The feete ben 
the bases that beren euerydele. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de 
W.) 1. xx. 54/2 As they saye one holy prayer may chaunge 
euery dele. 153x Etyor Gov. 1. xx, The straunge kynge.. 
understode euery dele of the mater. : 

b. subjoined to a sb. or sb. pron, ; emphasizing 
the totality of the object: Every whit, every part 
(of it) ; shading off into the advb. use 2. 

c.1220 Bestiary 345 Forwerpen pride euril[c] del, so hert 
dod hise hornes. 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 408 An quoynte 
tour hii lete make eueryldel of tre. ¢1374 CHAucER Boeth. 
1. i. 31 She pat 3it couereb hir and Gastey hir to ober folk, 
hab shewed hir euerydel to pe. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 
102/r Thenne saynt Iohn toke the cuppe..and dranke it of 
euerydele. 1560 School-ho. Women 787 in Hazl. 2. P. P. 
IV. 135 Thy beasts, thy ea and thy children all Be dead 
and brent now euery deale. 

2. as adv. In every part, in every respect; en- 
tirely, wholly. 

c1375 Lay Folks Mass-bk. (MS. B.) 526 Make my loue, 

Vou, II. 


345 


both day & nyght sykerly sett euerilk dele. c 1400 Sowwdone 
Bas. 314, | have aspied everydele Howe thai shalle alle be 
betrayede. 1475 Partenay 914 Ther coursers loged .. 
Insyde tentes ful fair eueridel. 1597 Br. Hatt Sav, m1. vii. 49 
If that semblance suite not euerie deale. 1714 Gay Sheph. 
Week v. 79 There ev'ry deale my Heart by Love was gain’d. 

Everyhow (e‘vori)-,e'v’rijhau), adv. rare. [See 
Every 12.] In every way. 

1837 HawtHorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) I. 102 Crags, 
all shattered and tossed about everyhow. “1880 Atheneum 
24 Apr. 529 The walking tour was got through every how 
but on foot. 

+ Everylike, adv. Obs. exc. dial. Also 5 
everelike, -yllyke, -ylyche. [f. Ever + ELIKE, 
though probably looked upon as = Every + LIkE.] 
Ever in like fashion ; continually ; in later dialectal 
use, from time to time; at intervals. 

@ 1400-50 Alexander 340 Pe ious out he wrengis, Erne till 
exorzise & ethis euerelike. /d¢d. 727 (Dublin MS.) That oper 
wy for hys werkez wepys eueryllyke. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 
2164 3et almys-dede and fastyng he dude everylyche con- 
tinuelle. 1855 Ropinson /VAitoy Gloss. s.v., ‘They kept 
Paying the music every like. 

very one: see EVERY Io. 

Everything (e'var)-, ev'rijpin), prov. 

1. A combination of Every (sense 1) and THING. 
As in anything, something, nothing, the subst. 
element has usually no definable meaning, the 
compound being equivalent to a neuter absol. use 
of the adj. The distributive sense etymologically 
belonging to the word is often absent, its force 
being merely collective; hence it is the current 
substitute for a// (absol.), al? things, which in 
most contexts are now somewhat formal. Often 
followed by adj., as everything good = ‘all that is 
good’, Formerly written as two words; this is 
now rare, exc. where the two words are used with- 
out modification of sense. 

61385 Cuaucer L.G. Il. 398 Prod, In noble corage oghte 
been areste, And weyen euerything by equytee. c1440Genc- 
xydes 4 Wyse and manly preuyd in euery thyng. 1567 J. 
SanrorD tr. /fictetus 2b, In euery thing .. which thou 


| louest, thou must diligently consider the qualitie. 1600 Suaks. 


A. Y.L. 1. vil. 166 Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans 
euery thing. 1672 Witkins Na‘. Aedig. 1. ii, Every thing 
is endowed with such a natural Principle, whereby it is 
necessarily inclined to promote its own preservation and 
well being. 1681 DrypEn lds. & Achit. 1. 548 Zimri..was 
everything by starts and nothing long. 1751 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 180 ® 8 Among the sons of learning, many 
seem to have thought of everything but themselves. 1796 
Jane Austen Pride §& Prez. xxvii, Every thing however 
went on smoothly. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 567 She 
had not. .his partiality for everything Dutch and for every- 
thing Calvinistic. 1857 Buckie Cévrdiz. I. ix. 572 The 
government [in France] is believed to see every thing, 
know every thing, and provide for every thing. 1879 M. 
Arnotp Guide to Eng. Lit., Mixed Ess. 180 Everything, 
surely, depends upon what the lesson is. 

as predicate, characterizing something as 
of supreme importance. co//og. 

Mod. Pe sure you are in good time 3 that is everything. 

2. sb. rare in stng.; in pl. humorously. Things 
of every kind. Also (nonce-use) quasi-adj.; and in 
comb., everything-maker. 

1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) V, Miss 
Walsingham was. .the most accomplished, the most sensible, 
the most every thing woman could be. 1802 BENTHAM 
Wks. (1843) X. 390 It is against my habits, my principles, 
my everything, to propose it to him. a@1845 Hoop 7o 47>. 
Malthus iii, There are. .too many everything-makers. 1865 
Dickens Jlut. Fr. 1. iii, But to be sure there were rum 
everythings, 1884 Ruskin in Pad/ Mal/G. 3 Dec. 3/2 Patent 
everythings going of themselves everywhere. 

Everyway (e'vorij-, ewrijwel), adv. [Cf AL- 
way, ANYWAY: sometimes written as two words.] 

i ain every manner or way; in every direc- 
tion. b. In every respect. 

a. 1570 Levins Manip._197 Eueryway, omni modo, 
quauis. 1880 Baret Adv. E 376 Square euerie way, guo- 
quo versus guadratum. 1774 Goipsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 
308 A Deity residing in the midst of an universe, infinitely 
extended every way. 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 34 The 
everyway external stream. 

. x6or Suaxs. Fu/. C. iv. iii, 55 You wrong me every 
way: You wrong me Brutus. 1615 Bepwett Moham. inp. 
11. § 57 The contrary. .opinion is euery way without any shew 
of probability. 1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones w. ii, Her mind 
was every way equal to her person, 1828 Cartyte isc. 
(1857) I. 169 A wide and everyway most important interval, 

quasi-adj. 1628 HaKewiLi in Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 39 
Sir Thomas Bodley, of whose .. every way sufficiency, 
have had a long trial. 

2. Comb. (nonce-wds.) 

1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 475 A clock... with 
everyway-multiform-exquisitely-mechanical circumstances 
belonging to it. 184 J.T. HewLetr Parish Clerk Ul. 
320 Every-way-at-once-ish eyes. i 

Hence Everywayness (7once-wd.), the quality 
of extending in every direction. 

1674 N. Farrrax Bulk § Selv. 103 His everywayness or 
immensity is the same. 

+ E-veryways, edz. Obs. [Every + ways advb. 
genitive. Cf. Anyways.] In every direction. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. w. iv. (1495) 85 The bodies 
euery wayes ben grete hye and longe and brode. 

[f. 


Everywhen (e'vorij-, e'vrijhwe:n), adv. 
Every + WHEN; on analogy of everywhere.] At 
all times, always. 


EVEST. 


1843 CarLyte Past & Pr. (1858) 211 Everywhere and every- 
when a man has to ‘ pay with his life’, 1850 Lyncn_ Theo. 
Trin, xi. 208 Every when and every where Sweetest flowers 
welcome are. 1862 Q. Rev. Apr. 425 Religion..must be 
with us everywhere and everywhen. 

Eve hence (e'vari)-, e'vrihhwens), adv. 
vare. [f. Every + WHENCE on analogy of Zvery- 
where.| From every direction. 

_ 1890 Rossetti Wks. II, 458 They all come at his summon- 
ing Everywhence both far and near. 

Everywhere (¢'vari)-,e'v'rijhwee1) adv. [repr. 
two distinct ME. compounds. 1. Ever-ywhere, f. 
Ever + YWHERE (OE, gehwey) anywhere, every- 
where. 2. Avery-where, f. Every (ME. everitk) 
+ WHERE. Formerly often written separately.] 

1. In every place; also in narrower sense, in 
every part (of a limited space, of a book, an 
author’s writings, etc.). 

axz22g Ancr. RK. 200 Auh 3e euerihwar, hwarse ich go 
swudest ford, bileaue 3e be lengure. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 681 
Pi leofmon & ti lauerd..is mit te eauerihwer. a 1300 
Cursor M. 5567 (Gott.) Ouer-all his kingriche euerilk-quar 
[c 1340 7vin. euery where]. ¢1340 /d/d. 18001 (Trin.) What 
maner is pat ihesus Pat Wier an be euerywhore. 1413 
Lypc. Pilgr. Sozwle it. x. (1483) 56 Suche noyse and crye 
euery where sownyd allas. ¢ 15390 MArLowE /aust. Wks. 
(Rtldg.) 85/1, 1 may be here and there and everywhere. 
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. ut. ii. § 18 Motion .. must be 
alike everywhere in it{matter]. 1692 E. Wacker Epictetus’ 
Mor. xiv, You'll find th’ Avenues guarded ev’ry where. 
1748 Hartcey Observ. Man 1. Introd., I every-where use 
these Words in the Senses here ascribed to them. 1850 
McCosu Div. Govt. 1. ii. (1874) 39 We discover everywhere 
signs of littleness and restlessness. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. 
xix. 136 The horizontal stratification is everywhere beauti- 
fully shown. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) 1. 116 Irresistible 
here, as everywhere in Plato, in his intellectual superiority. 

+2. quasi-adj. All-pervading. Obs. rare—'. 

1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. 31 Eternity is said to be an 
everlasting now, and immensity as an every where cleave- 
lesness. 

Hence Everywhereness, 
sence. 7a7°e. 

1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 32 Neither of them would 
come any nearer to everlastingness, or everywhereness, than 
the shortest and the least do, 1839 Battery estus xx. (1848) 
70/t Poetry is not confined to books, For the creative spirit. . 
hath God’s everywhereness, , 

Every while, whit: see WuiLr, WHIT. 

Everywhither (evari-, ewrijhwido1), adv. 
[f. Every + Wuirner; in ME, perh. f. Ever+ 
YWHITHER.] In every direction. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. Ww. iv. (1495) 85 The moost 
mater is obedyent that stretchyth itselfe every whyther and 
moost vpwarde. 1851 CarLyce Sferling 1. viii. (1872) 48 It 
was talk..spreading everywhither in inextricable currents. 
1888 TALMAGE Seri. in The Voice (N. York) 28 June, A 
hymn has wings, and can fly everywhither. 

|| Eveschie. Obs. rave—'. [OF. eveschié (mod. 
F. évéché) = Pr. evescat:—L. episcopatus, f. ept- 
scopus bishop.] A (French) bishopric. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 34 Withe thre eveschies clepid diocesis 
and citees in the saide duchie. 

Eives(e, obs. form of EAVES. 

+Evvese, v. Ols. [OE. efesian, efsian, f. efes, 
Eaves; the original sense must app. have been 
‘to cut the thatch at the eaves of a building’ (cf. 
caves-knife); but all the known OE. examples 
have the wider sense ‘to clip’.] ¢vans. To cut, 
clip (a person’s hair, the coat of an animal, a tree, 
etc.) ; to cut short the hair of (a person). 

c 1000 ZELFrRIC Gram. xxvi. (Z.) 157 Ic efesize 0dde ic scere 
scep odde hors. a@1225 Ancr. KR. 398 Absalones schene 
wlite, bet ase ofte ase me euesede him me solde his euesunge 
—pbeo her pe me kerf of—uor two hundred sicles of seolure. 
¢1300 Marina 64 in Horstmann Leg. 1.172 A robe he dude 
hire apon, Ant euesede hire ase a mon. ¢ 1325 Gloss. W. 
de Biblesw.in Wright Voc. 144 Monn top vus pri estancez 
[Gloss., evese my cop]. ¢1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knit. 184 Watz 
euesed al vmbe-torne, a-bof his elbowes. 1394 P. Pé. 
Crede 166 Orche3ardes and erberes euesed well clene. 

Evesing, var. form of EavesinG, Obs. 

+E-vesong. Ols. [f. Eve s6.1 + Sonc.] 

1. = Evensone 1a; also gen. (perh. ¢ransf.) a 
song sung at eventide. 

1228 Ancr. R. 22 Efter euesong anonriht sigged ower 
Placebo. c1290 Lives Saints (1887) 66 He bi-gan one 
saume of euesongue. c 1300 S¢. Brandan 214 The foweles 
tho hit eve was, bigonne here evesong. 1389 in xg. Glas 
(1870) 121 Pe secunde belle of be Euesong of seint Peter. 
1455 E. Crere in Mour C. Eng. Lett. 5 He seith matyns 
of Our Lady and evesong. 

2. Short for ‘evensong-bell’. 

1393 Lana. P. PZ. C. vit. 396 Bargeynes and beuereges by- 
gunne to aryse, And setyn so til euesong rang. 

3. attrib. 

¢31315 SHoREHAM 87 Of the crouche he was do At eve- 
sanges oure. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 243 pe 
bataille dured from underne of pe day to eue song tyme. 
1460 Lybeaus Disc. (K5lb.) 1424 From pe our of prime Till 
hit was evesong time To fiz3te bey wer pro. 

+E-vest. Oss. Forms: 1 efest, efst, sfist, 
efest, 3 evest, -ist, ?eust, oust. Cf. Err sé.2 
[OE. a7est, acc. to Sievers for *a/ést, f. af (= OF, 
Ger. ab) from, away from + és¢ (see EstE sd.) ; ef. 
Ger. abgunst.] Envy, malice. 

azo00 CynewuLr Elene 496 pet hie for zefstum unscyl- 
digne..feore bereddon. cr1ooo Ags. Ps. lxix. 4 Heora 
zefstu eac ealle sceamien. a 1300 Cursor A, 18552 (Gitt.) 

44 


ubiquity, omnipre- 


EVE-STAR. 


Pe princes als his ful fas wid eust [/rinted enst ; Cotton, 
oust, #r/nted onst] and nith again his ras. /dfd. 23138 (Edin. 
MS.) In nipe and euest [frzzted enest} and licheri. /did. 
23279 (Edin.) Pai bat war fild of euist [Printed enist]. 

E-ve-star. Ods. exc. foct. [f. Eve sb.1+ Stan] 
= Evening star. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boethins 1. v. 22 Pe euesterre esperus. .is 
pale morwe at be rysynge of pe sonne. 1387 TREVISA 
Higden (Rolls) I. 301 This Spayne..heet somtyme of Hes- 
pera, the eue sterre. c¢ Promp. Parv. 144 Evesterre, 
esperus, vesper, 1691 Ev. Tavtor Behmen's Theos. Philos. 
xv. 21 Mans Astral Spirit, called his Prophetick Evester. 
1878 Browninc Poets Croisic xii, There peered May's 
earliest eve-star. haciglpits 

+ Evestigate, v. Obs.—° [f. L. evestigat-us, 
pe. f. @ out + vestigare to track, discover. Cf. 

NVESTIGATE.] /vans. To seek out, search after, 
follow in the track of. : 

ss in Biount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Battery ; hence 
in Craic, etc. 

Hence Eve'stigated ///. a. Eve'stiga'tion, a 
searching out, an investigation. 

1775 Asn, Evestigated, searched out. 1658 Puitups, Eves- 
tigation, an earnest seeking after. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

Evet/e, evett, obs. ff. Err sé. 

+ Evibrate, v. Os. rare. [f. L. &vibrat- ppl. 
stem of evibrare, f. 2 out+vebrare to brandish: 
see VIBRATE.] a. 7tr. To shake, tremble. b. 
trans. To brandish (a sword; to hurl (a missile) ; 
in quot. fig. 

1583 Srusses Anat. Abus, 63 Doe not his handes and all 
his bodie euibrate, quauer, and shake. 1623-6 CockEram 
Euibrate, to shake. 1680 H. Morr Afocal. Afoc. 199 
That wonderful contrition of heart, that the word of God 
makes, when it is sincerely and powerfully evibrated against 
the Enemies of his Kingdom. 

Hence + Evibra‘tion [see -aTION], the action of 
brandishing, a quick movement. 

1644 H. VauGcuan Servi. 20 Dost thou..stay the loose 
evibrations and glances of the eye? 1656-81 in Brount 
Glossogr. 1721-1800 in BaiLry. 

Evick(e, var. form of Eveck, Ods. 

Evict (/ikt), v. [f. L. ewict- ppl. stem of 
evincere, f. & out + vincere to conquer. 

The etymological senses of the Lat. word are 1. To conquer 
or overcome completely (é- having merely an intensive force ; 
2. ‘To obtain by conquering or overcoming ; to recover by 
judicial means ; to gain or accomplish in spite of obstacles ; 
3- To overcome and expel; to eject by judicial process ; 
4. To elicit by force of argument, to prove. See Evince.] 

I. Law. 

1. trans. To recover (property or the title to 
property) of or from any one by a judicial process, 
or in virtue of a superior title. 

1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 29 Indent., Yf the seid advou- 
son..after the seid..appropriacion be evicted and taken 
from the said Abbas and Convent. 1541-2 Act 33 Hen. V///, 
c. 39. § 54 If the said manours..be recovered or euicted out 
of or from the possession of eny suche person... by eny just 
or former title. 1577 Hottnsnep Chron. 1.145 Earle Hubert 
granted to the sant Join, all the right that he had in the 
countie of Granople, and whatsoever might be got and 
evicted inthe same countie. 1601 F. Gopwin Bs. Eng. 118 
He euicted the same [the island of Seales] in law. «a 1610 
Heacey Theophrast., (1616) To Rdr., If the thing bought 
bee euicted from the buyer, by reason the seller his posses- 
sion was not good. 1635 Sir R. BoyLe Diary in Lismore 
Papers Ser, 1. (1886) IV. 81 That [he]. .should give sufficient 
securetie. .to answer all the mean profitts if by law I should 
evict his tytle. 1809 Tomuns Law Dict. s.v. Eviction, 
If land is evicted, before the time of payment of rent ona 
lease, no rent shall be paid by the lessee. 1818 Cruise 
Digest ed. 2) IV. 434 If A. gives in exchange three acres 
to B. for other three acres, and afterwards one acre is 
evicted from B...the whole exchange is defeated, 

+b. ? To vacate, retire from. Ods. rare—'. 

1530 in Rymer Fadera (1712) XIV. 373 The same Lord 
Cardinall shall not Resign Leve Relese or otherwise Dis- 
charge or Evicte his Possession. 

2. To expel (a person) by legal process + of, 
Srom, out of (land, etc.) ; also simply. 

1536 Hen. VIII. in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. 124. IL. go You have 
evictyd hym of the possessyon of the same. 1579 FENTON 
Guicciard. Vv. (1599) 199 They had no conscience to euict the 
just owner out of the whole. a 1619 Dantet Cod/. Hist. Eng. 
(1626) 52 Being. .euicted by Law, of certayne other parcels 
of Land. 1720-54 Afol. S..Sea Direct. in Strype Stow’s 
Surv. (1754) IL. v. xvii. 365/2 They had been evicted out of 
their estates however long enjoyed. 1767 BLacksToNr 
Comm. IL. 323 If, after an exchange of lands. .either party 
be evicted of those which were taken by him in exchange, 
through defect of the other’s title. seep Toutes Law Dict. 
s.v. Eviction, If a widow is evicted of her dower or thirds, 
she shall be endowed in the other lands of the heir, 1845 
MrCuttocn Taxation u. iv. § 3 Should it be sold..the 
purchaser may be evicted by the wife or children. 

b. In recent popular use, esp. To eject (a tenant) 
from his holding. 

1861 Pearson Early § Mid. Ages Eng. xxxiv. 429 The 
— landowners evicted their tenantry, who were thus 
thrown upon the country, houseless and landless, but free. 
1889 Daily News 8 May 
on the estate..were evicted. 

ec. Hence ¢ransf. To eject (persons) forcibly 
from any position. 

1876 Wiss Wit.” Hum.  Shaks. i. 5 When a great freshet 
takes ion of a country and evicts the tenants of every 
hole, thicket, and burrow, there is an indiscriminate stam- 
pede of the animals. 1878 Lapy Hersert tr. Hitbner’s 
Ramble t. xii. 197 The new arrivals are the born antagonists 
of our enemies. They will evict them. 


‘Two of the principal tenants 


II. General senses. ‘ 
+3. a. To conquer (a country, etc.) ; to obtain 
by conquest. Ne 

1560 Cotton MS. in Froude Hist. Eng.(1881) VI. 326 [The 
Lintghom to bad ayictad cus of tiie Bande ofthalrcaremasion, 
1602 Warner 4b, Eng. Epit. (1612) 368 Edward .. euicted 
from the Danes the Prouince of East-Anglia. “ 

+b. To overcome (an adversary, adverse cir- 
cumstances, etc.). Ods. 

1642 G. Eciisnam Forerun. R. 
had to resist or evict the most violent 
bred. 1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 171 Their industry 
fortunated by God has made head against its misfortune, 
and evicted its cloud. 

+4. To extort by force. Ods. Cf. EvINncE 3. 

1631 Carman Caesar & Pompey w. i, Your happy exposi- 
tion..Euicts glad grant from me you hold a truth. 1648 
G. Dante. Eclog. v. 200 Rebell mouths (who € noe 
truth, vnles Evicted "bove their Rage) did then confesse Him 
master of y? feild. : 

5. a. To vanquish in argument or litigation ; 
to confute (a disputant), refute (an opinion or 
argument). b. To convict or convince (of). Obs. 

1s9r Horsey 77av. (Hakluyt Soc.) App. 305 When b: 
argumente they weare evicted, they pleaded mysunderstand- 


EVIDENCE. 


Sig. 3643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. App. sag Op the 


people ha’ ight of 
Br. Cat's Disposing of Kinga i 67 An eviction 
the just sentence Gol. sho thus putt klar out of & 
a: tea 


+3. fhe action of conquering (a country, etc.), 
or of obtai Obs. 

1602 Warner AZ, En. Pps) 366 After the Euic- 
ore the = a tries. 16xx SreeD //ist. 

3 IX. xx. §31 King 3 ot_vnwilling, 
cause. . Britaine seemed clearely past possibilitie of eniction, 

+4. a. The action or process of vanquishing (a 
person) in argument, or of confuting (an opinion) ; 
an instance or a means of confutation; the con- 
dition of being confuted. b. Conviction (of an 

person). Ods. 

1614 Br. Hatt Fist. wv. v, He hath .. counsels for all 
doubts, evictions for all errours., 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 62 
All euictions there, as elsewhere, depend vpon witnesses. 
1627 Br. Hatt Gt. Jmpostor 509 Wise men..whose wisdome 
is frequently imployed in the triall, euiction, dooming, of 
1649 — Cases Consc. ut. v, Meere error oe 
Garaxen in Fuller's Abel Redio. 


405 He led with .. Rainolds .. who had bin 


inge of the interpretore or coruptyone in the t 1 

1594 1. B. La Primaud Fr. Acad. 1. 585 Before hee coulde 
haue euicted Democritus of his foolish opinion. 1601 Dent 
Pathw, Heaven Pref, (1831) 77 This work doth sharply 
reprove and evict the world of: sin. 1610 Barroucn Meth. 
Physick \. xxx. (1639) 50 Therfore (as Johannicus saith) the 
eye hath seven coates .. But his opinion .. by sundry Ana- 
tomists hath been evicted, making but only six. 1611 SpeeD 
Theat. Gt. Brit, vii. (1614) 13/2 Canute to evict his flatterers 
made triall of his Deitie. 1660 R. Coxe Yustice Vind. 5 
He..had need take great heed..least instead of evicting 
his adversary, he only acquires the repute of a light and 
foolish man. 1730-6 Baitry (folio), Ezfct, to convince by 
force of argument, etc. 

+6. To establish by argument, to prove. With 
simple 04/. or 0/7. sentence; also with 7#f or as 
with complement. Oés. = EvIncE 4. 

I Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 126 There are wonder- 
full cunning men on your side, if they can euict this. 161r0 
C. Hampton Serm. 30 Which euicteth,.that there was one 
greater than the rest. 1614 Br. Haru Efist. v. ix, Let this 
stand evicted for the true and necessarie sense of the 
Apostle. 1650 BULWER Anthropomet, 221 That it is in its 
own nature laudable..is by some evicted by the authority 
of the Ancients. 1715 CHeyne Philos. Princ. Relig. 1.(ed. 2) 
306 This nervous Fluid has never been discovered in live 
Animals. . nor its necessity evicted by any cogent experiment. 
1722 Wodrow Corr. (1843) I1. 683 Unless your friend have 
more to evict them [papers] to be Mr. M‘Ward’s than Mr. 
Goodal’s saying so. a 

+b. To settle (a controversy) by a decisive 
argument. Ods. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Anszw. Osor. 447 It might seeme 
that we had alleadged sufficiently for thys matter, and evicted 
the controversy throughly. 1660 Jer. Tayvtor Duct. Dubit. 
1, 1. vi. Whether. .that argument does evict the question. 

Hence Evict s/. [cf. convict], Bvi:ctee’,anevicted 
tenant (vare). Evivcting v/. sd. (attrid.) and ppl. a. 

1886 Pall Mall G. 10 Dec. 1/2 Not a penny of rent to be 
paid until the ‘evicts ' were reinstated. 1879 Dasly News 
31 Jan. 2/2 This I found tenanted by some people who.. 
were considerably above the rank of the evictees. 1889 
Daily News 8 May 5/7, 130 police accompanied the evict- 
ing party. 1863 Fawcett Pod. Econ. u. vii. 237 Assassination 
was the retribution with which the cottiers of Ireland not 
unfrequently punished an evicting landlord. 


Evicted (‘viktéd) pg/. a. [f. Evicr v. +-Ep1.] 


| a. In various senses of the vb. b. Of a holding: 


From which the tenant has been evicted. 

1604 J. Burces in W. Covell Axszv, (1606) 156 Farre be it 
from vs for any mans cause to maintaine an euicted errour. 
1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ. u. vii. 237 For the evicted 
tenant would only be replaced by another tenant of the 
same character. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. 445 The 
evicted natives withdrew sullenly to the lands which had 
been left them by the spoiler. 1888 Dazly News 26 Sept. 
6/2 This staying of the evictor’s hand was due. .to the boy- 
cotting of evicted farms. i 

Eviction (‘vikfon). [ad. L. &viction-em, n. of 
action f. évincére : see Evict, Evince.] The action 
of evicting or + of evincing. 


I. Law. 
1. The action of recovering or taking possession 
of lands or property by legal process, Cf. Evier v. 1. 


1583 Stocker Warres Lowe C. u. 5b, That reasonable 
satisfaction bee made. .to the buyers and sellers of the Pos- 
sessions and Rentes aforesaied, in respect of their euiction, 
ax610 Heatey (heophrast, (1616) To Rdr., He is |b to 
make good the euiction, who selleth for another as he who, 
etc. Futter Ch, Hist, m. ix. § 23 The Title of the 
Foundation thereof, with the land thereunto belonging, 
were. .subject to eviction. 1753 Scots Mag. Mar. 127/2 The 
eviction or destruction of a thing mort; 3 don’t extinguish 
thedebt. 1809 Tomuins Law Dict., Eviction, A recovery of 
lands, &c. by form of law, 1848 in Warton Law Lex, 

2. The action of evicting or dispossessing a person 
of property, etc. In recent use, esp. the evicting 
a tenant from lands, houses, ete. Also attrib. 

- 1626 Lara (J.), The rian court eg back all 
things, no respect to eviction or dispossession. 
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 322 A rent service is dis- 
cherked by the eviction of the tenant out of the whole land. 
_ awcett Pol, Econ, 1. vii. 237 Neither could the land- 
lord have recourse to eviction. 1884 Par Eustace 69, 1 will 
get your father to order their eviction from the cottage. 
1889 Daily News 8 May 5/7 An exciting eviction scene 
occurred to-day on the property of Lord Inchiquin. 


nibling .. at the face to his eviction of Sanders his 
Demonstration. 1703 T. N. City § C. Purch, Pref. 22 Upon 
Eviction I shall freely yield. ou 

+5. The action or process of eliciting or esta- 
blishing by argument ; demonstration, proof. Also 
an instance or means of proving; an evidence, 
proof. Ofs. Cf. Evicr v. 6, Evixce v. 4. 

1621 W. Scrater Tythes (1623) Ab, Difficultie of enic- 
tion ariseth hence: first, that, etc. 1625 A. Gu. Disc. Trinity 
214 Faith is said to ++ an eviction or of things 
hoped for, though they be not seene. 1653 H. More Conject. 
Cablad. (1713) 82 For further eviction, we may yet add, that, 
etc. 1678 Cupwortn /ntell. Syst. 875 That these two Circles 
should continue thus. .is a farther Eviction of a Providence 


| also. — L’Estrance Fades 114 A Plurality of Voices. . 
the 


| Manch. Exam. 20 Oct. 4/7 A “crusade 


carryes Question in all our Debates, but rather as an 
Expedient for Peace than an Eviction of the Right. 1788 
Younc Centaur i. 22 It has ever been prejudicial to the trut 
to labour at rational evictions of saci mysteries, 1776 
G. Camesett Philos. Rhet. (1801) 1. 1. iv. 82 The sole and 
ultimate end of logic is the eviction of truth, 

+ Evictive, a. Obs. rare—*. [f. L. &vict- (see 
Evict v.) + -Ive.] Tending to evince or prove; 
demonstrative, conclusive. 

1624 Br. Mountacu Gagg x. 75 Your texts..are not 
evictive, nor convincing. 

Evictor (/vikta1). Also evicter. [f. Evict v, 
+-oR.}] One who evicts. 

a. One who expels the inhabitants from a 
country. b. One who evicts his tenants. ¢. A per- 
son employed to eject tenants from their holdings. 

1816 Keatince 7rav. I. 162 They[Moors of Spain] were 
as different too..from their conquerors and evictors as 
possible. 1865 Padi Madi G. 14 Oct. 5/2 One of the pitmen 
.. barricaded his door, and as the evictors had no warrant 
to force it open the pr i were ded 


ainst those de- 
nounced as evicters and rackrenters, 1888 Kenny in 7¥mres 
2 Oct. 5/6 The Plan of Campaign. .is. .their [the tenantry’s} 
only. .protection against the hand of the evictor. 
ence (e'vidéns), sb. Forms: 4-6 evi-, 
evydens, -nce, (5 hevydense, 6 esvedence, 
ewydence), 4-evid (ME. evidence, a. F . v7- 
dence, ad. L. évidentia, f. tvident-em: see Evt- 
DENT. Cf. Pr., Sp. evidencia, It. evidenza.] 
I. 1. The quality or condition of being evi- 
dent ; clearness, evidentness. 
Boyte Occas. Ref. v. iv. (1675) 310 
that have in them so much of native Li, 
it cannot be hidden. 1665 Bunyan 4 
Aiij, I should not have been able to speak..so much as five 
words of truth with life, and evidence. 1677 Hate Prim. 
Orig. Man. 1. ii. 63 They (our faculties] expand and evolve 
themselves into more distinction and evidence of themselves. 
1721-1800 in Baiwey. 1882 Mivart Nat. & 7h, (1885) 122 
evident that we require no grounds at all for believing 
them save the ground of their own very evidence. 
b. 2 evidence (after F. en évidence}; actually 
present ; ge mee conspicuous. 

18.. Blackw. Mag., The sister whose presence she had re- 
lied on was not in evidence. 1873 Browninc Red Cott. 
Nt.-cap 479 The faithful of our province raised the sum.. 
And so, the sum in evidence at length, Next step was to 
obtain [etc.]. 1888 Ch. Times 28 Dec. 1153/3 The Broad 
Church school was more in evidence than at any previous 


Certain Truths, 
t or Evidence. . 
Citie Pref. Ep. 


Cor 
+2 Manifestation; display, Odés. 
1382 Wyciir 2 Macc. iii. 24 Th e spirit a almi3ti God 


made e euyd {Vulg. his shewyng. 
1430 Lyne. in Pol. Rei. ry Poems (1866) 45 Doblettes of 
glass yeue a ae id Thyng countirfet wyl faile at 
assay. 1611 Biste Trans?. Pref 5 Which hee performed 
with that evidence of t learning. 


II, That which manifests or makes evident. 

8. An appearance from which inferences may be 
drawn; an indication, mark, sign, token, trace. 
Also + Zo take evidence: to prognosticate. Zo 
bear, give evidence: to afford indications. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 4518 (Gott.) If ani man ber ware Coude 

i it [Pharaoh's vein) = Le € 1391 
nee OF 


EVIDENCE. 


XVUL Xxxix. (1495) 800 Ofte men that shall fyght takyth 
euydence and diuineth.,what shall befalle by sorowe othe 
by the joye that the horse makith. 1530 Paiscr. 217/2 
Evydence, declaryng of a thynge. 1601 Cornwattyes Zss. 
u. xxxi, The creatures that giue us earthly immortalitie 
[1632 mortalitie], whose chosen evidence is beauty. 1 
Cromwe .t in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 362 I11. 300 It had al 
the evidences of an absolute Victorie. 1681-5 Scorr Chr. 
Life (1747) 111. 263 A plain Evidence that this God and that 
Angel of Jehovah were the same Person, 1727 De For 
Syst. Magic 1. ii. (1840) 50, I give you this as an evidence 
of the difference in the kinds of magic. 1846 Prescorr 
Ferd. & Zs. V1. 11. i. 243 She every where afforded the evi- 
dence of faculties developed by unceasing intellectual ac- 
tion. Frouve Hist. Eng. (1858) Il. vii. 221 An 
opportunity was offered them of giving evidence of their 
loyalty. 1860 Tynpat G/ac. 1. xv. 99 A day..was spent in 
examining the evidences of ancient glacier action. 1867 
Lavy Hersert Crad/e L. vii. 167 ‘The country they were 
traversing gave evidence of careful cultivation. 


b. In religious language: Signs or tokens of 
personal salvation. 


1758 S. Haywarp Serm. xvi. 493 A person just entering 
upon eternity. .with his evidences all dark. 

+4. Example, instance (frequent in Gower). 
Also, Zo take (an) evidence. Obs. 

1300 Cursor M. 2293 (Gott.) Pis euydens [Coft. for- 
bisming] biheld pis ober. ¢ 1377 Lanai. P. Pd. B. xv. 429 
Go bifore as a good baneoure, And hardy hem pat bihynde 
ben and 3iue hem good euydence. 1393 Gower Conf. 1. 59 
Whereof thou mi: ae take evidence To reule with thy con- 
science. did. Ill. 270 By this evidence lerne, How it is 


good, etc. ; 2 

5. Ground for belief; testimony or facts tending 
to prove or disprove any conclusion. Const. for, 
of (the thing to be proved), from, of (the source of 
testimony). + Zo have evidence to say, etc.: to have 
good grounds for saying, ete. (For /xternal, 
Internal, Moral, Probable Evidence, see these adjs.) 

¢1380 Wycuir Serm. Sel, Wks. II. 107 Pe dedis pat Crist 
dide ben unsuspect evydence pat Crist is bobe God and 
man, — Se/. Wks. 111. 340 Pei shulden haue euydence to 
seie bat God hap told bem pis. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 87 
Theology .. yiveth evidence Of thing, which is nought 
bodely. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 286 Thus hafe we evydens 
to aske pe Emperour.. whate ryghte pat he claymes. 
¢1425 Wyntoun Cron, vu. xv. 163 Dis Kyng [Edwart] ban 
fe se evydens As to declere hys Consciens..Quhat he in 
Scotland gert be dwne. 1480 Caxton Descr. Lng. 18 He 
maketh non euidence for in neyther side he telleth what 
moeueth him so for to saye. 1530 Comfend. Treat. (1863) 
49 But it ought to be..as we shall proue by open euidence 
thorough goddes helpe. 1594 Hooker Lec/. Pol. 1. iv. (1611) 
10 Adoration, grounded vpon the euidence of the greatnesse 
of God. x6xx Biste /7ed. xi. 1 Now faith is..the euidence 
[1887 Revised assurance] of things not seen. 1662 StiL- 
LINGFL. Orig. Sacr. 11. i. § 7. Those who deny that there 
is a God, do assert other things on far less evidence of 
reason. 1736 ButLer Anad. u, iii. Wks. 1874 1. 179 Its 
evidence not being so convincing and satisfactory, as it 
might have been. 1769 Yunius Lett. v. 27 ‘The plain evi- 
dence of facts is superior to all declarations. 1794 Pa 
Evid. (1825) 11. 285 There is no evidence that any forgeries 
were attempted. 1809 Med. Yrni. XXI. 359 The truth.. 
of which I can yet attest by living evidence. 1816 J. Smirn 
Panorama Sc. & Art \. 457 The evidence of sight is cor- 
rected by the judgment. 1846 Mitt Logic ut. xxi. § 1 Evi- 
dence is not that which the mind does or must yield to, but 
that which it ought to yield to. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 
1oo The weight of evidence appears strongly in favour of 
the claims of Cavendish. 

+b. Av evidence: something serving as a proof. 
Obs. Cf. 8. 

1463 Bury Wilis (Camd. Soc.) 19 Thinges wiche I graunte 
.. expressyd as folwith aftyr in writyng that here aftyr it 
may Ba knowe for an euydence in the seid tabyll. 1478 
Paston Lett. No. 821 I11. 234 Donne .. ffounde that the 
Duke off Suffolk was verrye patrone, whyche was ffalse, 
yitt they ded it ffor an euydence. 1665 GLANVILL Scefs. Sct. 
Addr, 3, I took the boldness to borrow that deservedly 
celebrated Name, for an Evidence to my Subject. @ 170, 
Locke (J.), Cato Major. .has left us an evidence, under his 
own hand, how much he was versed in country affairs. 

e. Evidence or Evidences of Christianity, of the 
Christian Religion, or simply The Evidences. 

(1699 Br. S. BrAprorp (fi¢/e) The Credibility of the Chris- 
tian Religion, from its intrinsic Evidence.] 1729 Entick 
(title) The Evidence of Christianity asserted. 1730 (¢7//e 
&, posthumous work by Addison) The Evidences of the 

hristian Religion. 1794 Pavey (¢it/e) Evidences of Christi- 
anity. 1859 Mitt Liberty (1866) 63/2 There is no reasonable 
objection to examining an atheist in the evidences of Christi- 
anity. © Bowen Logic ix. 295 The other half [of the 
Fallacy is found] in a treatise on the Evidences, 

III. Legal uses of 5. 

6. Information, whether in the form of personal 
testimony, the language of documents, or the pro- 
duction of material objects, that is given in a legal 
investigation, to establish the fact or point in 
question. Also, 4 evidence =a piece of evidence. 
phr. Zo dear, give in, give evidence. To call in 
evidence: to call asa witness. For Circumstantial, 
Parole, Presumptive, Prima Facie, Verbal, etc. 
Evidence, see these adjs. 

1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 4 The seid Justices shall 
awarde to the same persone so gevyng ¢ lens Xs. 
Brenve Q. Curtius 114 Euery one of them geuing in eui- 
dence that they had spoken afore. 1594 DanieL Compl. 
Rosamond xcii, The bed that likewise giues in euidence 
Against my soule. 1677 Have Prim. Orig. Man, u. i. 130 
iarcebeurrent testimonies of many Witnesses..make an 
evidence more concludent. 1683 Drypen Ded. Plutarch’s 
Lives 20 They. .transported their evidence to another [coun- 


ee 


847 


try] where they knew ‘twas vendible. 1707 Curios. in Husb. 
& Gard. 343 To be call’d in Evidence concerning a Curiosity, 
that employ’d all the Great Men of his time. @ 1714 BURNEY 
Own Time 1. 11. 415 The person he had sent to Mitchell 
ie a full evidence of the promises he had made him: but 
Sharp denied them all. 1761-2 Hume //ist. Eng. App. i. 
1. 158 Want of discernment in judges, who could not discuss 
an intricate evidence. 1792 Anecd. IW. Pitt 1. iv. 58 To find 
proper evidence for convicting the offender. 1817 W. SELwyN 
Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11. 987 Prima facie evidence of a 
publication by the bookseller. 1859 Dickens 7. Two Cities 
1. xii, There was no getting over hisevidence. 1863 Koval 
Charter § 16 in Lond. Univ. Calendar (1866) 25 Which 
Register shall be conclusive evidence that any person whose 
name shall appear thereon. .is..entitled to vote. 

transf. 1611 BisLe Transl. Pref 5 So S. Chrysostome, 
that liued in S. Hieromes time, giueth euidence with him. 
az719 Appison Lvid. Chr. Relig. (1730) 23 They bear evi- 
dence to a history in defence of Christianity. 1875 Scrt- 
VENER Lect. Grk. Test. 10 Their evidence is entirely inde- 
pendent of the later Greek copies. 

b. Zhe evidence: the testimony which in any 
particular cause has been received by the court 
and entered on its records. Similarly, 70 de or pro- 
duce in evidence: to be a part, or to produce as a 
part, of the evidence before the court. 

1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11.959 The policy 
must be produced in evidence. 1860 Dickens Uncomm. 
Trav. viii, The same incorrigible medical forefinger pointed 
out another passage in the evidence. J/od. The document 
is not in evidence. 

e. Statements or proofs admissible as testimony 
in a court of law. 

1817 W. Se1.wyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11. Index, I'leet 
books, not evidence. Where declaration of wife, and letters 
written by her, are evidence. A/od. What a witness states 
on hearsay is not evidence. My lord, I submit that this 
document is not evidence. 

+7. One who furnishes testimony or proof; a 
witness. Sometimes collect. =‘ witnesses.” Ods. 

1593 SHAKS. Lucr. 1650 His scarlet lust came evidence to 
swear That my poor beauty had purloin’d his eyes. 1605 
— Lear ut. vi. 37 Vl see their trial first: Bring in the 
evidence. 1681 77fal S. Colledge 72 And did not you 
come to me and tell me, there was a noise of your being 
an Evidence. 1731 Gent. Mag. 218 The Lady Lawley was 
sentenced to be imprisoned one month for spiriting away an 
evidence. 1762 Foote Orators u. (1757! 50 Look upon this 
evidence, was he present at Mr. Parson's knockings. 1823 
Scott Peveril xli, Two infamous and perjured evidences .. 
made oath to the prisoners’ having expressed themselves in- 
terested in the great confederacy of the Catholics. 

+b. transf. A spy. Obs. 

1691 SoutHerRNE Sir A. Love v. i, Get you gone then, 
like an Evidence, behind the hangings. 

ce. To turn King’s (Queen’s, State's) evidence 
(formerly also + 70 dur evidence), said of an 
accomplice or sharer in a crime: to offer himself 
as a witness for the prosecution against the other 
persons implicated. 

1722 De For Col. Yack (1840) 79 One of the gang, to save 
his own life, has turned evidence. 1865 H. Ki y Hill- 
gars & B.iv, L hate a convict who turns Queer idence. 
1886 Science (N. Y.) VIII. 603 Mr. Bartlett Channing Paine 
comes into court, and, as state’s evidence, gives the follow- 
ing testimony. ¢ransf. 1889 Daily News 25 Dec. 5/2 ‘The 
Bishop might have been better employed than in turning 
King’s evidence against the Sermon on the Mount. 

+8. A document by means of which a fact is 
established (see quot. 1628) ; esf. title-deeds. (In 
15-16th c. often in collective sense =‘ documents’ ; 
sometimes with a numeral, as if mistaken for an 
actual plural. Cf. Evipenr.) Ods. exc. //¢st. and 
in legal formule. 

1444 Paston Lett. No. 38 1. 51 The evidences. .receyved 
of yow at your last beyng at Norwich. 1465 /éid. No. 500 
II. 179, I have put your evydens that com owte of the 
abbay in a seck and enseylyd hem under Ric. Call ys seall. 
1465 Mann. & Househ. Exp. (1841) 175 The same day 
Brame toke to Thorneton sertene hevydense of myn, to take 
to James Hobard. 1g01 Pluspton Corr, 151 All your new 
esvedence by your father to John Norton. rgo0gin Lung. Gilds 
(1870)327A boxe wt iiij ewydence w'iij other wretynges. 1535 
CoveRDALE Yer, xxxii. 14, I charged Baruch... to take this 
sealed euydence with the copie. 1587 Ho.insuEep Chron. 
III. 938 A poore woman..besought him to declare what he 
had doone with euidences of hirs. 1594 JZirr. Policy (1599) 
1 ij, All the farmers. .were murthered..their goods spoiled, 
their euidences burned, their houses raised. 1628 Coke Ox 
Litt, 283 a,Writings vnder seale, as Charters and Deeds, and 
other writings without seale, as Court Rolles, Accounts, 
and the like .. are called Euidences. a@1672 Woop Life 
(1848) 142 He began to peruse the evidences of Oriel coll. in 
their treasury. 1706 in Puivuirs (ed. Kersey), 1818 Cruise 
Digest (ed. 2) IV. 327 The next clause usually inserted .. 
is, ‘ together with all deeds, evidences, and writings’. 1875 
J.T. FowLer Ripon Ch, Acts (Surtees) Pref. 5 A book of 
evidences relating to Obits kept in Ripon Minster, 

9. Comb. 

1827-8 Bentuam Ws. (1843) X. 584 You might go on to 
examine evidence of the character of the evidence-giver. 
1828 C. Worpswortn A. Chas. J, 103 A more visionary 
piece was never sketched by the pencil of a determined evi- 
dence-maker. 1832 R. Soutury in Q. Rev. XLVII. 500 
Jurymen are not the only persons who, upon occasion, can 
show themselves evidence-proof. 

Evidence (e'vidéns), v. _ [f. prec. sb.] 

1. trans. Of things: To serve as evidence for ; 
to attest, prove. Rarely intr. 70 evidence to. 

a 1619 Fotnersy Afheom. u. xii. § 2 (1622) 334 The testi- 
monie of neither of them .. doth so euidence the matter, as 
the things themselues doe. 1657 Austen /ruit Trees 1.1 
Worcestershire .. Kent, and many other parts .. can suffi- 


EVIDENCER. 


ciently evidence the profits of Orchards. 1690 Penn Afse 
& Progr. Quakers (1834) 57 His behaviour at Derby..did 
abundantly evidence it. 1742 YounG N¢. 7A. vit. 520 Fierce 
passions. .presage a nobler flight, And evidence our title to 
the skies. 1859 Hatuiwe.. vid. Chr. 97 Occurrences evi- 
dencing the divinity of Christ. 1875 Lyett Princ. Geol. (ed. 
12) II. 11. xxviii. 88 The Hillsides .. were much shaken, as 
evidenced by the many bare patches with which they were 
checquered. 1885 CLopp A/yths § Dr. 1. iv. 68 The survival 
of grammatical forms common to the Aryan ancestors .. 
evidenced to one parent primitive speech. 

2. Of persons: To support by one’s testimony, 
attest (a fact or statement). 

1647 W. Braprorp Plymouth Plantation (1856) 424 Y° 
cause and passages. .were clearly represented & sufficiently 
evidenced. 1667 E, CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit. 1. (1684) 336 
No one Saint in all the Calendar (except those attested by 
Scripture) is better evidenced. 1721 SoutHEerNE Disap- 
ointm. 1. ii, | invoke Heav’n, earth, and men to evidence 
my truth. 1826 Disraeti | 7. Grey ui. iv, ‘The one [story] 
Iam about to tell is so well evidenced that I think even 
Mr. Vivian Grey will hearit without a sneer. 1864 Bowen 
Logic xiii. 422 This is no reason for doubting their reality, 
when they are evidenced by Intuition. 1886 Burton Arad. 
Nts. (abridged) 163 If the truth of her story be evidenced 
I will exact retaliation. 

+ 8. To establish by evidence ; to make evident, 
demonstrate, prove. With simple 047., 07. sen- 
tence, or 7f. Obs. 

1632 J. Lee Short Survey Sweden 53 How great forces.. 
this mighty Prince is able to bring into the field, may.. by 
this late. .expedition. .easily be evidenced. 1648 Cuas. lin 
Neal //ist. Purit. V1. 506 Until the same shall be evi- 
denced to me to be contrary to the word of God. 1649 
Sevven Laws Eng. 1. xvi. (1739) 31. This the words of the 
Historian do evidence. 1665-6 PAil. Zrans. 1. 244 Cassini 
pretends to evidence by his observations, that those spots 
were very large. 1673 Tempte /'ss. /red. Wks. 1731 1, 118 
‘The Horses must be evidenced by good ‘lestimonies to have 
been bred in Ireland. 1749 Fietpinc Yom Younes xvut. vii, 
Put together so many circumstances to evidence an untruth. 
1793 ‘I. Jurrerson IVrit. (1859) 111. 550 Our laws .. to evi- 
dence their right to this, permit them, etc. 1806-7 J. 
Beresrorb A/iseries Hun. Life 1. Introd., As 1 will evidence 
in a few instances already quoted. 

4. With reference to legal evidence. 
give evidence against (a person). Ods. 

x69 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1.190 Charles Edwards, 
who evidenc’d Mr. Arnold in 1683 .. hath made affidavit .. 
that what he swore against Mr. Arnold was false. 1695 
Remarks Late Ser. (ed. 2) 6 One T.0...hath,.Evidenc'd 
1 know not how many to the Gallows. 

+b. To disclose or relate as a witness. Ods. 

1656-7 Burton's Diary (1828) 1. 336 He evidenced two 
remarkable passages of her life. 1694 Crowne Negnudus 1. 
ii, I have nothing to evidence. 1812 J. J. Henry Cam. 
agst. Quebec 161 ‘The wretch had evidenced all our pro- 
ceedings minutely. 

ec. zt. To give evidence, appear as a witness. 

1656 S. H. Gold. Law 19 His apparent perfections. .spake 
and evidenced for him. 1692 RocrstEer Contriv. S. Black- 
head in Select. Hart. Misc. (1793) 511 One of the most 
graceless wretches, that ever yet entered upon the stage of 
evidencing. 1693 Lurrreni. Arief Nel. (1857) ILI. 185 Her 
maid. .will evidence against her. 1887 Scr7én. Mag. (Far- 
mer slmericanisms', Vhadn’ ’a’ thought ye'd ’a evidenced 
agin me that-a-way. 

5. To give evidence or indication of ; to indicate, 
manifest. Const. with sf. or vef. fron. as 0b7., 
also with complementary 27/. or with 047. sentence. 

¢1610 Sir J. Mevvit Ae. (1735! 91 Thereby evidencing she 
did not stand upon Ceremonies. 1646 Sik Tl. Browne /?’seved. 
Ep. Ww. xiii. 225 Were there any such effectuall heat in this 
starre, yet could it but weakly evidence the same in Summer. 
1659 Hammonp Ox 7's, xxxiv. 20 Paraphr. 183 Evidenceth 
it selfe ina signal preservation of such. 1663 CHARLETON 
Chor. Gigant. 56 The ruines evidence themselves to be the 
effect. a 1729 CLarke On the Evidences 331 (R.) The effect 
. evidenced itself in a. .remarkable manner. 1788 W. Tupor 
in Sparks Cor. Amer, Rev. (1853) 1V..230 A desire of evi- 
dencing that respect and gratitude which I .. feel for you. 
1863 Mrs. C. CLarke Shaks. Char. xii. 209 Her native 
hilarity of heart is evidenced constantly. 1872 Brownixc 
Fifine iii, lf somehow every face. .Evidence..that warm 

Beneath the veriest ash, there hides a spark of soul. 1876 
Dicwy Real Prop. viii. 349 The courts eagerly seized on any 
expressions evidencing this intention, ‘ 

Hence E-videncing ///.a.and vd/.sb. Also a/trib. 

1630 SANDERSON Serv. 11. 253 For the farther evidencing 
of the necessity of which duty. 1654 Eaxt Orrery earthen. 
(1676) 170 By so evidencing a demonstration, it was im- 
1682 Ads. § chit. u.74 Since our 
1774 Gotpso. //ist. Greece 1. 337 


+a. To 


Hence + Evidesnceableness. 

1665 J. SERGEANT Sure-footing in Chr. 55 To show the 
Evidenceableness of Tradition’s Ruling Power. 

+Evvidencer. és. [f. as prec.+-ER1.] One 
who gives evidence ; a witness. 

159 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 25, 1, which am the Lord 
an Rithour of life, must bee the Authour and Euidencer 
against thee of death. 1653 R. Baituie Dissuasive Vind. 
(1655) 27 The first evidencer of justification. «1734 Nortu 
Exam. u. iv. (1740) 238 Oates wrought..to bring him into 
the Preferment of an Evidencer’s Place. j 

4-2 


EVIDENCESHIP. 


+ E-videnceship. Oés. [f. Evipence sé. + 
sHip.] a. The office or function of an evidence 
(or witness). b. humorously, as a title (after /ord- 
ship, etc.). 


1734 Nortu Lives I. 315 And there’ ve SO 
offence to their evidences i spit rtneses nat 
ti ious knac! 


348 


Sc. Acts Fas. I (1597) $9 The King..may gar sum- 
onl 55 aaraeenane crakear deeb thanecand on 
dentes. 3535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 111. 247 His lordis all 
befoir him he [ i i 


caw, entis 
t Lett. N. Scot.(s818) 


ips, the 

Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) WV" 338 

nA forgery. .and a detection since in evidenceship, have been 
is ruin. 


Evidencive (e'vidénsiv), a. rare. [f. EVIDENCE 
v.+ -IVE.] Giving evidence or indication ; indica- 


tive. Const. of 

1848 Lp. W. zz in F Y's Wks. UL. Ai 
The most remarkable circumstance evidencive of en- 
thusiastic attachment. 


+ Evidency (e'vidénsi). Obs. [ad. L. videntia: 
see EVIDENCE and -ENcy.] , 

1. The quality or state of being evident or clear; 
clearness, evidentness ; = EVIDENCE sd. 1. 

1533 tr. Erasmus’ Com. Crede 150b, Payntyng setteth 
the thing forth to the eye..and perfourmeth that euidencie 
makynge the thynge manifeste. 1592 tr. Funius on Rev. 
xvii. 8 % I expound the words of the Apostle for evidency 
sake. i 
of wisdome. 


2. Indication, mark, sign, token; = EVIDENCE | 


sb. 3. 

1586 Bricut Afelanch. xxxvi. 206 These things being mat- 
ters of iudgement ..& consisting of euidencie to be knowen 
of others. 31646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1, xxv. he 
These are not dead when they cease to move or afford the 
visible evidencies of life. 1813 E-raminer 26Apr.266/1 Surer 
evidencies of the immortality of man. 

Evident (evident), a. and sd. [ad. L. vident- 
em, in same sense, f. é- out + vident-em, pr. pple. 
of widére to see. Cf. Fr. &vident. 

With the use of this active form in passive sense cf. ‘to 
look (well or ill)’, Ger. aussehen to appear, lit. ‘ to see out.” 
Late Lat. had the pass. évidéri to be evident.] 


A. ad. 

1. +a. Of physical objects: Distinctly visible ; 
conspicuous (oés.). b. (With mixed notion of 2) 
of tokens, vestiges, etc., or of states or conditions : 
Obvious to the sight ; recognizable at a glance. 

1382 Wycurr IVisd. xiv. 17 The euydent [1388 opyn, 1611 ex- 
presse; Vulg. evidentem] ymage of the king, whom worshipen 
thei wolden, thei maden. c1400 Festival/ in Hearne RX. 
Brunne's Chron. Pref. 198 Pat ylke white cerne [printed 
cerue] was an euydent tokon of her martirdome. ¢1430 Lyva. 
Thebes wt. (1500) K iiij, The Grekes Dysespeyred Dempte 
playnly by tokens euydent. 
Av, He doth forthem euydent myracles. 1570 Dee Math. 
Pref. 7 Make good euident markes, at euery inches end. 
1598 Drayton Heroic. Ep.1. 68 Then doe I strive to wash 
it out with Teares, But then the same more evident appears. 
1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 1077 Bad Fruit of Knowledge.. 
Which leaves. .in our Faces evident the signes Of foul con- 
cupiscence. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. . 79 At Shoot- 
ing at a Ship in a River, he must put his Piece to some 
evident mark on the other side the River. ¢1790 Imison 
Sch. Art I. 65 Thin persons have the muscles of the neck 
much more evident than would be judicious to imitate [in 
painting). 1806 Mfed. Frnl. XV. 443 Of which [small-pox] 
she bore evident marks. 1820 Keats //yferion 1. 338 Thou 
canst move about, an evident God. 1860 TyNnpatt. Glac. 
1. xvii. 320 The retardation of the ice is most evident near 
the sides, a‘ 

2. Clear to the understanding or the judgement ; 
obvious, plain. Const. fo. + (Jt) is evident to be 
...:=it is evident that (it) is...’ 

1393 Gower Conf. II]. 221 Which in the bible is evident, 
How David in his testament, etc. 1541 R. CopLanp Gadlyen's 
Terap. 2 Bivb, It is euydent yt none indication is 
taken of the cause. 1601 Suaks. 7we/. N. 1. v. 128 Why 
this is evident to any formall capacitie. 
Eng. 1. (1739) 202 It is evident to be nothing but a Temporal 
Monarchy. 4659 Pearson Creed 4 ‘Truths apparent in 
themselves .. are not called Credible, but evident to the 
understanding. 1754 Epwarps Freed. Will u. xii. 119 
For a Thing to be certainly known to any Understanding, is 
for it to be evident to that Understanding. 1842 Biscnorr 
Woollen Manuf. 11. 360 The vast importance of sheep, with 
their constant increase, is most evident. 1874 Morey Com- 
promise (1886) 209 That this distinction is as sound on the 
evolutional theory of society as on any other is quite evident. 


+b. Occasional uses: Having preponderating 
evidence. Of a remark; Obviously true. Ods. 


1711 Suarress. Charac. mt. § 2 (1737) I]. 417 Upon fair | 


Conviction, to give our heart up to the evident side .. is to 
help Reason heartily. 1722 De For Plague (1840) 192 But 
this remark of my ies 's appeared more evident in a few 
weeks more. — , 5 

+3. Of a sign, testimony, etc. : Indubitable, cer- 
tain, conclusive. Ods. es 

x More /feresyes 1. Wks. 161/1 No scripture can 
anak to proue a thing that he ie to deny, 157 
Gotvinc Calvin on Ps, xx. 20 He yeeldeth an evidenter 
witnesse of his trust. 1611 Suaks. Cymé, u. iv. 120 Render 
to me some I signe about her More euident then 
this: for this was stolne. 1631 Gouce God's Arrows 1. § 39 
61 We see how .. evident the holy Scripture is in this a 
ciple of our Christian Faith, Mitton /irelings 
(1847) 430/t Where did he assign it [the tenth], or by what 
evident conveyance to ministers? 

+ 4. quasi-adv,=Evipentiy. Obs. 

1519 /nterl. Four Elements in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 38 One 
way it [the earth) is round, I must consent, For this man 
proved it evident. 

B. sb. Something that serves as evidence; spec. 
in Sc. Law, a document proving a person’s title 
to anything ; usually in 7. title deeds 


1611 Biste Prev. viii. Argt., The fame and euidencie | 


1483 Caxton G. de la Tour | 


Sevpen Laws | 


dents. 1868 Act 31-32 Vict.c. 101 §8 Absolute warrandice 
as regards the lands writs evidents. 

+ E-vident, v. Ods. rare—4. [f. prec.] = Evi- 
DENCE v. 

1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. u. 
new y bey -with other such aides in ai 
abundantly evident. 

cas psa (evidenfal), a. 

+ -AL, 

1. a, Of or pertaining to evidence. b. Based or 
resting on evidence; relying on evidence; esp. the 
Evidences of Christianity, as in Zvidential method, 
school, system. 

1654 W. Scrater Fun. Serm.20 No such evidentiall verity 


As all the old and 
our Kings Reignes, 


[f. L. évidenti-a 


is demonstrated in Holy Writ, as of Absolute Necessity to | 


be believed unto salvation. 1668 Howe Bless. Righteous 
(1825) 204 It is a steady .. direction of heart towards the 
future glory. .that must be the evidential ground of thy hope 
to enjoy it. 1683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pordage'’s Mystic 
Div. 69 The firm and evidential Probation of invisibls, things 
out of sight. 1772 R. Hive in Fletcher Logica Genev. 
58 You cannot suppose that .. he intended to exclude good 
works in an evidential sense. 1865 Moztey Mirac.i. 7 The 
evidential function of a miracle is based upon the com- 
mon argument of design. 1871 Tytor Prim. Cult. 1. 380 The 
basis of theological science must be historical as well as evi- 
dential. 1882-3 Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. U1. 2507/1 
Whately was a genuine disciple of the ‘ evidential’ school. 
Faith is to him the conclusion drawn from historical 
premises, 

2. Furnishing evidence; having the nature of 
evidence ; serving to attest. Const. of 

a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Alon. (1642) 198 Sight of all 
our senses is most active, penetrative, discerning, and evi- 
dentiall. 1701 FLeetwoop A/iracles 229 Those [miracles] 
should be Evidential ones, which God enables Men to 
work in order to gain belief. 1837 J. MaccuLtocn Proofs 
Attrib. God 11. 431 Subjects evidential of the attributes of 
the Deity. 1839 Blackw. Mag. XLVI. 94 Evidential mira- 
cles. .simply prove Christianity, 1879 Pasay St. Paull. 
202 That Paul should have passed .. from one direction of 
life to the very opposite is evidential of the power and signi- 
ficance of Christianity. 

+3. Resting on documentary evidence. Ods. 

(Foikingham explains that the ‘ evidential’ character of a 
possession is that which is denoted by such terms as /zodum, 
allodiumt, etc.) 

1610 W. Fotxincuam alrt of Survey ui. i. 65 The Pro- 
priety of Possessions intimates their particular state and 
condition, and may be diuided into Vocall and Euidential. 
Lbid. 11. ii. 66. 

Evidentially evidenfali , adv. [f. as prec. 
+-Ly2,] 

1. By means of evidence ; as regards evidence ; 
with regard to its value as evidence. 

1654 Eyre in Warren Unédeclievers Biij, Faith is from 
justification causally, and justification by faith evidentially. 
21734 Nortn Lives I, 362 It was believed, though not so 
soon evidentially discovered, that a rebellion was ready 
to break out. 1836 G. S. Faner Answ. Husenbeth 6 Any 
doctrine which can be shewn evidentially to have existed 
in the third century. 1886 Gurney Phantasms of Living 
I. 35 Of the two series .. the second is evidentially to be 
preferred. 


+ 2. Intuitively. Ods. 

a17%6 Sourn Serm. IX. xi. 323 They [angels] do not 
fully and evidentially know them [the mysteries of God). 

Evidentiary (evidenfari), a. [f. L. evidenti-a 
EVIDENCE + -aRY.] 

1. Of or pertaining to evidence; = EVIDENTIAL Ia. 

1810 Bentuam Packing (1821) 181 The clearing of his 
character .. so far as concerns evidentiary trustworthiness. 
1846 Grote Greece 1. xix. II. 56 An inscription .. carries 
evidentiary value under the same conditions as a published 
writing on paper, 1879 Carrenter A/ent. Phys. 1. ix. § 2. 
395 Through its power of modifying the relative force of 
different evidentiary considerations. 

2. Furnishing evidence; having the nature of 
evidence. Const. of. = EvIDENTIAL 2. 

1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, /ndia U1. i. 32 The charges ought 
to be exhibited first; and no evidentiary matter granted, 
but, etc. 1827 Benruam Ration. Evidence Wks. 1843 VIL. 
20 To treat it upon the footing of an evidentiary act, with 
reference to the corresponding principal act. 1 Mut 
Ess. 11, 221 But they are evidentiary of a tone of thought 
which prevailed so —— nneng the superior intellects. 
1875 Contemp. Rev. XXVI, 580 The upward slant .. be- 
comes an evidentiary fact of —— c cy. 2 
Poste Gaius u. (ed. 2) 201 It is only the adventitious or 
accidental or evidentiary portion of the title in which they 

er, 


Evidently (e'vidéntli), adv. [f. EvipEnr a. + 
-LY?, 

+ 180 as to be distinctly visible or perceptible ; 
with perfect clearness, conspicuously. Hence in 
active sense, with vbs. of perceiving, knowing, 


explaining, etc.: Without possibility of mistake 
or misunderstanding; clearly, distinctly. Ods. or 
arch, 


1374 Cuaucer Boeth, ut. xi, ror Panne alle the dyrknesse 
of his mysknowynge shal seen. .euydently to [pe] syhte of 
his yndyrstondynge. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes t 
Whiche grace catlentty to me knowen and understonde hath 


| side. 


EVIL. 
compelled me [etc]. 1551 Turner //erdad 1. Bviija, It 
Sides teateniian nes will wexe parle Mis 
be brused and put in it. Fenner 4 


¥ . Ministers (1587) 
3p We lane here ost Manifectlic & most cuidentl written 
the rie. 1594 H Eccl. Pol. 1, vitie (1611) 21 
Things which men by the light of their naturall vnderstand- 
ing euidently know. 1611 Bisie Gad. iv. 1 O foolish Gala- 
tians. . before eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently 
(Revised, openly] set forth. r7z25 De For Voy. round 
World (1840) 277, | found the way go evidently down hill. 
1776 Gisson Decl. & F. xii. (28: vil. 41 An act .. which 
ev disclosed his [Tacitus’] intention of itti 
pire to his d d: 1794 Suttivan View Nat. 
All the sub hitherto ined .. have evi- 
Se eeeremennes wre os eer Ot 
r Ruse Eusebius 1. vi. 31 
this is proved poy been fulfilled. 

2. So that the fact predicated is evident ; mani- 
festly, obviously. Now chiefly parenthetic ; = ‘as 
manifestly ap *, ‘as may be clearly inferred’. 

By Locke Hum. Und. u. xxix. §.5 No 1 therefore, 
can be undistinguishable from another .. for from all other, 
it is evidently different. 1748 Hartitey Odserv. Man 1. iii. 
387 Those who walk and in their Sleep, have evidently 
the Nerves of the Muscles so free, as that, etc. 1761 Hume 
Hist, Eng. 11. xxxvi. 292 Reason was so evidently on their 

1839 ‘Turetwatt Greece VILL. 391 They evidently re- 
garded Macedonia as a bulwark against the h 
of Rome. 1860 Tyxpatt Géac. 1. xi. 71 The spirit and the 
muscles were evidently at war, 

+3. Sc. Law. By evidence of a deed or docu- 
ment. Ods. 

1609 Skene Keg. May., Forme of Proces 118 Quhen the 
defender proves his exception, or duplie, be sic wreit, and 
evidently as said is, lib. 1. c, 25. 12. quon attach. c. 81. 

tness (e'vidéntnés), [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality or state of being evident ; 
clearness, obviousness, plainness. 

1552 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. xvi. 295 It behoueth 
first to vnderstande for the more evidentnesse of that 
that foloweth, that [etc.]. 1587 Gotpinc De Moérnay 
viii. 100 What euidentnesse or certeintie is there in the 
Greeke Histories. 1730-6 Battey (folio), Zvidentness, 
plainness to be seen, perceived or understood. 1869 Con- 
temp. Rev. X11, 120 There is a want..of evidentness of 


meaning. 

i‘gilate, a. Ods.—° [f. L. %vigilat- ppl. 
stem of evigilare, {. & out + vigilare to watch, 
f. vigil awake.] 

1730-6 Bai.ey (folio), Evigi/ate, to watch diligently, to 
study hard. _ 1775 in Asn. 

+ Evigila‘tion. 0¢s. rare—}. [ad. late L. é- 
gitlation-em, n. of action f. vigilare: see Evi- 
GILATE.]_ Awakening. In Dicts. explained as ‘a 
waking or watching’. 

1720 5. Parker Biblioth. Biblica 1.157 The Evigilation 
of the Animal Powers, when Adam awoke. 1832 in Wes- 


STER, etc. 
: 


(Z-v'l), a. and sé. Forms: 1-2 yfel (in 
inflexions yf(e)l-), (2-4 ifel, 2 efel, yfell, 3 


| ywel(l, 2-3 ufel, 2-4 uvel(e, 2-3 ivel, (3 5evel, 


4 ivil), 3-6 evel(l(e, (5 ewelle, hevelle, 6 ewil, 
yell), 4-6 evill(e, -yl(l(e, yvel(l(e, (6 yevill), 
4- evil. [ME. awvel (a), OE. yfel = OS. «bil, 
OFris., MDu. evel (Du. exvel), OHG. udil, upil 
(Ger. abel), Goth, udils :—OTent. *bzlo-s ; usually 
referred to the root of «f, over; on this view the 
primary sense would be either ‘exceeding due 
measure’ or ‘ overstepping big #2 limits’. 

The form eve/, whence the mod. form descends, appears 
in ME. first as west midland and Kentish, but in 15thc. 

b 1. The diti under which earl 

M.E. (é) or (i) became (@), the antecedent of mod. Eng. O. 
are not clearly determined; the t word and weevil 


seem to be the only examples in which this ¢ was other 
than local; obs. and dial, instances are = ES: leve 
='‘live’, Ease. (Other apparent examples are to OE, 


forms with ¢o, resulting from #- or o- umlaut.)) 
A. adj. The antithesis of Goop in all its prin- 
cipal senses. 


in a positive sense, 
1. Morally depraved, bad, wicked, vicious. Also 
absol. Obs, as applied to gaya 
971 Blickl. Hom. 37 We .. ure heortan clansian 
from yflum gepohtum. /éfd. 161 Hi cyningum & yfelum 
ricum eald ipstand ih ¢ 1200 Orin 


inn hise beowwess. 
©1340 Cursor M. (Fairf.) Lothe is Eville mannys soule 
& May bope. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. cxvii, 


(1495) 532 Pent ..hathe that name of 5 cytees of euel 
men were fyre ofheuen. 1440 Gesta 
Rea. 2.3 {tate Ma) Ive shen, be whi lovith 
- . — neghebowre. nase Zaaoals ‘att, xxi, 4 
cru destroye those persons. Powet 

tr. Lloyd's Cambria 16 Sigebert. for his Euill behaviour 
was expelled. 1611 Biste viii. 2x The of 


EVIL. 


absol. c1200 Trin, Coll. Hom. 23 Alle men shullen cume 
to libben echeliche Po gode on eche blisse .. be uuele on 
eche wowe. ¢ 1300 Cursor M, 25249 (Cott. Galba MS.) On 
domesday. .pe euill sall Rare gude e drawn. 1827 PoLtok 
Course 7. x. 215 To the evil.. Eternal recompense of shame 
and woe. 

2. Doing or tending to do harm; hurtful, mis- 
chievous, prejudicial. Ofadvice, etc.: Misleading. 
Of an omen, ete.: Boding ill. 

e175 Lamb, Hom. 3 Heo urnen on-3ein him al pa he- 
breisce men mid godere and summe mid ufele peonke. 
¢ 1205 Lay. 2541 Ah ba heora fader wes deed Pe sunen duden 
vuelne [c 1275 vuele]rad. a1225 Ancr. R. 52 Is hit so ouer 
vuel uor te toten utward? 1297 R,. Grouc. (1724) 593 
‘Thurghe evelle conceille was slayne..the Erle of Arundelle. 
cx340 Cursor M. 4635 (Fairf.) He prisoned was wip euel 
rede. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed, Wks. 111. 330 Evyl ensaumple of 
opyn synne, ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. (MS. A.) 41 It is 
not yvel to putte a litil opium to pe oile of pe rosis. 
@ 1400-50 Alexander 703 Pe euyll sterne of Ercules how 
egirly it soro3es. ¢ 1420 Chron. Vilod. 808 Hym shulnot 
harme non hevelle thyng. c 1449 Pecock Ref. 4 Gouern- 
auncis of the clergie whiche summe of the comoun peple. . 
iugen to be yuele. 1530 Patscr. 217/2 Evyll tourne, 
maluais tour. 1584 Powe tt tr. Lloyd's Cambria 99 King 
Edward by Euill counsel banished Algar. 1587 MAscati 
Govt. Cattle, Oxen (1627) 36 Yeugh is euill for cattell to 
eate. 1593 SHAKS. 3 //ex. V’/, v. vi. 44 The Owle shriek’d at 
thy birth, an euill signe. 1611 Bite Gen. xxxvii. 20 Some 
euill beast hath deuoured him. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawrtn. 
Wks. 32 Weigh not how we, Evil to our selves, against Thy 
laws rebell. 1655 CuLreprer Riverins 1. xvi. 57 Ina great 
Headach it is evil to have the outward parts cold. 1846 
Ruskin Mod. Paint. 11. 1.11. xv. § 5 The neglect of art. .has 
been of evil consequence to the Christian world, 1868 J. H. 
Biunr Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 403 The evil system of pluralities. 

3. Uses partaking of senses 1 and 2: a. Lvd/ 
will; depraved intention or purpose ; also, desire 
for another’s harm ;=ILL-WILL. rare in mod. use. 

¢897 K. Airrep Gregory’s Past, xxi. 157 He of yfelum 
willan ne zesyngad. ax300 Cursor M. 1065 (Cott.) For 
caym gaf him wit iuel will. 1340 Ayend. 66 Pe dyeuel 
begin pet uer of tyene and euel wyl uor to becleppe. 1377 
Lanci. P. Pl. B. v. 121 For enuye and yuel wille is yuel to 
defye. 1523 Lp. Berners Fvoiss. I. cxix. 142 The duke 
+. pardoned them all his yuell wyll. 1540 CoverpaLe 
Fruitf, Less. iii, Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. 370 Many afflictions, 
much evil-will..shall happen unto you. — 1563 /Zomedéies 11. 
Rogat. Week 1. (1859) 492 Cast we off all malice & all evil 
will, 1598 GreNEWEY Jacitus’ Ann. ul. ii. (1622) 65 He 
[Piso] increased the euill will of the people towards him. 


b. Luvil angel, spirit, etc. Also, The Evil One 
(tSe. Zhe evel man): the Devil. 
cso Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiv. 26 Fordon yfel wiht is. 


1555 Even Treat. Newe Ind, (Arb.) 27 Sundrie illusions of | 


euyl spirites. 160r Suaxs. Yu. C. 1. iii. 282 Bru. Speake 
to me, what thou art. Ghost. Thy euill Spirit, Brutus? 
1611 Biste Like vii. 21 Hee cured many .. of euill spirits. 
1648 Acts Gen. Assemb. 463 (Jam.) Whilest some fell asleep, 
and were carelesse..the evil man brought in prelacy. 1667 
Mitton P. L. 1x. 463 That space the Evil one abstracted 
stood From his own evil. 1681-6 J. Scorr Ch». Life (1747) 
III. 347 The Ministry of the evil Angels to him. 1727 De 
For Syst. Magic 1. i. (1840) 24 They did not suppose those 
wise men..had anevil spirit. 1825 Lytron Zicct 2 The Evil 
Spirit is pulling you towards him. 1841 Lane Arad, Nts. 
I. 117 Sakhr was an evil Jinnee. 1881 Biste (Revised) 
Matt. vi. 13 Deliver us from the evil one. 

ec, Of repute or estimation : Unfavourable. Zuz/ 

tongue: a malicious or slanderous speaker. arch. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 20 Of him in holy kirke 
men said euelle sawe. 1382 WycLir 2 Cor. vi. 8 By yuel 
fame and good fame. c1450 Myrc 58 Wymmones serues 
thow moste forsake, Of euele fame leste they the make. 
1535 CoveRDALE Ecclus. xxviii. 19 Wel is him that is kepte 
from an euell tonge. x61 Biste Dent, xxii. 19 He hath 
brought vp an euill name vpon a virgine of Israel. Zod. 
Newspaper, The defendant was arrested in a house of evil 
repute. 

. Causing discomfort, pain, or trouble; un- 
pleasant, offensive, disagreeable; troublesome, 
painful. : 

a1131 O. E. Chron, an. 1124 Se king let hine don on ifele 
bendas. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hus. 1. (1586) 161 The 
berrie of. .the wilde Vine. .the evill taste wherof will cause 
them to loth Grapes. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. 1xxxviii. 130 
The herbe..is of a very evill and strong stincking savour. 
1690 Locke Hum. Und, 11. xx. (1695) 121 We name that 
Evil, which is apt to produce or increase any Pain, or di- 
minish any Pleasure in us, 1850 Tennyson Jz Mev. lv, 
Are God and Nature then at strife That Nature lends 
such evil dreams? 

+b. Hard, difficult. Const. ¢o with zzf Ods. 

e1175 Lamb, Hom, 147 Hit is uuel to understonden on 
hwulche wise Mon mei him solf forsake. 1377 Lanci. 
P. Pl. B. xv. 63 Hony is yuel to defye and engleymeth pe 
mawe, 1523 Lp, Berners /vozss. I, ccxxi. 286 It was yuell 
mountyng of yt hyll, x51 Turner Heréal 1. Aivb, As- 
triction .. is ether very euyll to be founde, or els there is 
none to be founde at all. 

+5. Of conditions, fortune, etc., also (rarely) of 
persons ; Unfortunate, miserable, wretched. Zu7/ 
health: misfortune (see HEALTH). Obs. 

c1175 Lamb, Hom. 33 Hwi beo we uule on pisse wrecche 
world. a1300 Floriz § Bl. 441 Hi beden God 3iue him 
uuel fin, came Cursor M. 7320 (Trin.) Pei aske anoper 
kyng pen me Euel hele be tyme shul pei se. 1450 Merdin 
i, 20 bd vag om the ave that thow were = thereon, 
x ‘AXTON Yasox 30 Thenne cam agaynst him the ki 
artesian, but that was to his euill helthe, cy Melis 
sine 78 He..after the dede & ig hor +» fledd with all from 


is land. 1530 PatsGr, 217/2 Evyll lucke, malevr, 1611 
IBLE £x. v. 19 The officers. .did see that they were in euill 
case, 1614 RAveicu Hist, World v. iii. § 15 en and 


yn such euill plight. 


‘Recant x. 79 Let not thine eyes be evill. 


349 


b. Of periods of time: Characterized by mis- 
fortune or suffering, unlucky, disastrous.  wv7/ 
May-day : see MAy-DAY. 

1377 Lanci. P. P/. B. 1x. 120 Wastoures and wrecches 
out of wedloke..Conceyued ben in yuel tyme. ¢ 1489 Cax- 
ton Sonnes of Aymon iii, 107 Evyll daye gyve you, god. 
1667 Mitton ?. Z, 1x. 780 Her rash hand in evil hour 
Forth reaching to the Fruit. 1738 WesLey Psalus iv, Help 
me in my Evil Day. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Misertes Hum, 
Life (1826) 1v. Introd., In an evil hour I..changed m 
lodgings. 1848 Macauay His¢, Eng. 1. 280 In times whic 
might by Englishmen be justly called evil times. 1878 
Bosw. Situ Carthage 186 The Boii..determined to antici- 
pate the evil day. ‘ 

6. Evileye. (Phrases, 70 dear, cast, look with, 
an evil eye.) a. A look of ill-will. 

cx000 Liber Scintillarum xxvii. (1889) 102 Unclannyss 
eage yfel [oculus malus] withersacung. . gemzensumiab man. 
1382 Wycir J/ark vii. 22 Fro withynne, of the herte of 
men comen .. vnchastite, yuel y3e, blasphemyes. 1526- 
‘TinpaLe Jatt. xx. 15 Ys thyne eye evyll because I am 
good. 1611 Biste JZark vii. 22 Lasciuiousnesse, an euill 
eye [Rev. V. an evil eye], blasphemie. @1639 W. 
Wuatetey Prototypes 1. xx. (1640) 202 Why should wee 
.. beare an evill eye towards them? 1645 Quar.es So/. 
1704 ADDISON 
Italy (1733) 58 ‘They look with an evil eye upon Leghorne. 
1875 Jowretr Plato (ed. 2) I. 394 Patriotic citizens will cast 
an evil eye upon you as a subverter of the laws. 

b. A malicious or envious look which, in popular 
belief, had the power of doing material harm; also, 
the faculty, superstitiously ascribed to certain in- 
dividuals, of inflicting injury by a look. Cf. Fr. 
mauvais etl, It. malocchio. 

1796 Statist. Acc. Scot. XVIII. 123 The less informed .. 
are afraid of their [old Women’s] evil Eye among the cattle. 
1797 Datiaway Acc. Constantinople 391 Nothing can_ex- 
ceed the superstition of the Turks respecting the Evil Eye 
of an enemy or infidel. 1834 Lyrron Pomfeit 1. iii, He 
certainly possesses the gift of the evil eye. 1871 READE 
Terrible Tempt. xxxiii, Or if you didn’t kill him, you’d cast 
the evil eye on him. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Wood-bk, 
s.v. Evil, ’E’s a nasty downlookin’ fellow—looks as if ’e 
could cast a nev'l-eye upon yo’. 

II. Bad in a privative sense: Not good. 

+7. a. Of an animal or vegetable growth or pro- 
duct, as a tree, fruit, the body, ‘ humours’: Un- 
sound, corrupt. Of a member or organ: Diseased. 
To have an evil head: to be insane. b. Of air, 
diet, water: Wanting in the essentials of healthy 
nutrition ; unwholesome. Oés. 

cr1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vii. 17 Aélc yfel treow byrb yfele 
westmas. c1000 Sax. Leechd. 11. 178 Gif of bere wambe 
anre pa yfelan wetan cumen. c¢ 1200 77x. Coll, Hom. 183 
Gief pe licame bed euel, lod is heo pe sowle. c1320 Sevyn 
Sag. (W.) 1878 Tuel blod was hire withinne. 1382 Wycuir 
Matt, vii.18 A good tree may nat make yuel fruytis, nether 
an yuel tree make good fruytis. c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 
(MS. A.) 38 Yvel fleisch growib ina wounde. /érd. 80 If.. 
pe eir be yvel, pe sike man schal be chaungid into good eyr. 
a1450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 20 A gentille man. .was riot- 
ous..and hadd an evelle hede [Fr. male teste]. 1523 Lo. 
Berners /rorss. I, xviii. 24 Beastis they .. myght eate at 
their pleasure without bredde, whiche was an euyll dyette. 
1555 Latimer in Foxe A. & J/. (1563) 1372/2, 1 am an old 
man and haue a verye euill backe. xs9r F. Sparry tr. 
Cattan’s Geomancie 199 1 iudged that the horse had an 
euill foote and was worth nothing. 1594 Suaxs. Rich, J//, 
1, i. 139 O he hath kept an euill Diet long. 1600 Hakiuyr 
Voy. (1810) III. 341 The water whereof was so evill. 1611 
Biste Yer. xxiv. 3 Very euill [figs] that cannot be eaten, 
they are so euill. 

+ 8. Inferior in quality, constitution, condition or 
appearance ; poor, unsatisfactory, defective. Obs. 

971 Blickl. Hon. 197 Heo [seo cirice] is eac on onsyne utan 
yfeles heowes. c¢1300 Cursor M. 21805 (Edin.) pis tale 
quepir it be iuil or gode I fande it writin. 13.. tr. Leges 
Burgorunt c.63in Sc. Stat. 1. 345 And gif scho makis ivil ale 
and dois agane be custume of be toune .. scho sall gif til hir 
mercyment viii s or .. be put on pe kukstule. c 1400 Rov. 
Rose 4459 Whanne she wole make A fulle good silogisme. . 
aftirward ther shal in deede Folwe an evelle conclusioun. 
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. (MS. B.) 8 Euyle maners beb 
folwynge be lyknesse of an yvele complexioun. 1561 in 7. 
Thomson Jxventories 141 Item, ane evill litle burdclaith 
of grene. 1876 GrinpaL Let. Ld. Burleigh Wks. (1843) 
392, I pray your lordship, appoint when you come to take 
an evil dinner with me. 1583 BaBincton Commandm. i. 
(1637) 7 If a man cut with an evill knife, he is the cause of 
cutting, but not of evill cutting. x592 in Vicary’s Anat. 
(7888) App. ix. 229 Vayns .. gude to be opynd for.. euyll 
sight. 1609 Skene Reg. May. 142. 3 

+b. Of a workman, work, etc.: Unskilful. Ods. 

1513 More Rich. [// (1883) 6 None euill captaine was 
heein the warre. 1530 Patscr. 416/1, I acloye with a nayle, 
as an yvell smythe dothe an horse foote. 156x T. Norton 
Calvin's Tust. tv. 85 He is an euell pyper but a good fiddler. 
1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husé, 1. (1586) 36 An excellent 
good seede for an evyll husbande. 1799S. FREEMAN Town 
O@. 146 Forfeit every hide marred or hurt by his evil 
workmanship. 

B. sd. 

I. The adj. used adso/, That which is evil. 

1. a. Inthe widest sense: That which is the re- 
verse of good ; whatever is censurable, mischievous, 
or undesirable. Also with adj.; moral, physical 
evil. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 939 (Fairf.) Y made eville & good to you 
knowen, 1382 Wyctir Gen, iii. 5 3e shul ben as Goddis, 
knowynge good and yuel. 1559 Bury Wills (1850) 153, I, 
Sir Wilim Paynter .. wt all vnderstanding of good and 
evell, make this my last will. x161z BisLe Gew. iii. 5. 3732 
Pore £ss. Man 1, 292 All Nature is but Art, unknown to 


EVIL. 


thee .. All partial Evil, universal Good. 1759 ‘eaanr 
Idler No. 89% 4 Almost all the moral good which is left 
among us, is the apparent effect of physical evil. 181g Pax- 
tologia s.v., The most serious difficulty lies in accounting 
for the permission of moral evil or guilt, 1846 ‘TRENCH 
Mirac. xviii. (1862) 295 They [the Scriptures] ever recognize 
the reality of evil. 1860 Pusry Min. Proph. 180 Evil is of 
two sorts, evil of sin, and evil of punishment. 1869 J. Mar- 
TinEAU Ess, II. 42 Moral evil is a broad black fact. 1878 
Tait & Stewart Unseen Univ. vii. 269 ‘The greatest of all 
mysteries—the origin of evil. 
b. What is morally evil ; sin, wickedness. 

cr040 Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 3 Gecyr from yfele & do 
god. ax17§ Cott. Hom, 219 Pat teonde werod abread, and 
awende on yfele. c1200 7777. Coll. //om. 11 An werezed 
gost .. him aure tached toufele. 1413 Lypc. Pilger. Sowle 
. (1483) 71 To..chesen the good fro euylle. 1 
3H in Four C. Eng. Lett. 37 Converting badd into 
ye and yevill in worse. 1611 Bipte /’7ov.. iii. 7 Feare 
the Lord, and depart from euill. 

e. What is mischievous, painful, or disastrous. 

c8g0 Bede's Death-song in Sweet O. E. Texts 149 To 
ymbhycgannae .. huaet his gastae, godaes aeththa yflaes 
aefter deothdaeze doemid uueorthae. 971 Adickl. Hom. 
115 Nuis ezhwonon yfel and slege. 1154 O. /. Chron. an. 
1135 Al unfrid, & yfel, & reflac. crzg0 Gen. §& Ex. 788 
Dat ywel him sulde nunmor deren. @ 1300 Cz7sor AT. 7949 
(Cott.) Iuel he sal apon pe rais. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Serv. Sel. 
Wks. II. 249 3elde to noo man yvel for yvel. @ 1400-50 
Alexander 1699 Depely bam playnt, Quat erroure of bis 
Emperoure & euill pai suffird. c1450 Nosiuale in Wr.- 
Wiilcker 709 AZorbosus, full of ewylle. 161 Bisre Fob 
li. ro Shall wee receiue good at the hand of God, and shall 
wee not receiue euil? 1789 Bentuam /’rinc. Legis/. xviil. 
$17 note, It was the dread of evil, not the hope of good 
that first cemented societies together. 1850 ‘T'ENNyson /2 
Mem. xcviii, Evil haunts The birth, the bridal. 

2. Zo do, +say evil. (In post-inflexional Eng. 


hardly distinguishable from use of Evin adv.) 


+ With evil: withevil intention. + Zo fake v2, or 
to, cvil: to take (a thing) ill; also, to be hurt by. 

c 825 Vesp. Psalter xiv.[xv.] 3 Ne he dyde dam nestan his 
yfel. 97x Blickl. Hot, 51 He us bonne forzyldep swa we 
nu her dob, ge godes ge yfeles. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 
11 Eadige synt ge bonne hi wyriad eow and ehtad eow 
and secgead alc yfel [Vulg. one maluiz] ongen eow. 
— John v. 29 Pa be god worhton farad on lifes zreste, and 
pa be yfel [Vulg. wala] dydon on domes wreste. ©1340 
Cursor M. 23183 (Trin.) For good & euele pat pei dud ere. 
1377 Lanct. P. 22. B. vit. 23 ‘And whoso synneth’, I 
seyde ‘doth yuel, as me pinketh’. c1430 Sy Gener. 
(Roxb.) 2494 Mi lordes.. Take it not in euel that I say 
here. /é/d. 3972 ‘That stroke Generides to yuel nam. 
¢ 1460 Z:are 535 Another letter she made with evyll. ¢ 1510 
Morr Picus Wks. 15/2 If folk backbite us & saie euill of 
us: shal we so grevously take it, that lest they should begin 
to do yuel? 1570 Levins Manip. 127 To do Evil, male 
Jacere. 1611 Biste Lccé. v. 1 They consider not that they 
doeeuill. 1842 Lytton Zanoni 29 He does no evil. 

3. With defining word: That which is evil in 
some particular case or relation; the evil portion 
or element of anything. Also quasi-aés¢7. as in 
To see the evil of (a course of action). 

¢897 K. AELrreD Gregory's Past. xxi. 157 Du meaht 
seseon eall dat yfel openlice dat Szrinne lutad. c 1400 
Solomon's Bk. Wisd. 70 3if he wot any yuel by pe. 1523 
Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. cv. 127 So that all thynges consydred, 
the good and yuell, they yelded them to therle of Derby. 
1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. vill. 29 The evill donne Dyes not, 
when breath the body first doth leaue. 1611 Bite Fokn 
xvii. 15, I pray..that thou shouldest keepe them from the 
euill. 1651 Hoses Leviath. u. xxviii. 162 All evill. .inflicted 
without intention. .is not Punishment. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
1. 163 If then his Providence Out of our evil seek to bring 
forth good. 1759 Jounson Rasselas xxix, To inquire what 
were the sources of..the evil that we suffer. 1877 MozLey 
Univ. Serm. ii. 34 The evil which is the excess of appetite 
and passion is not so bad as the evil which corrupts virtue. 

II. A particular thing that is evil. 

4. gen. Anything that causes harm or mischief, 
physical or moral. Zhe social evil : prostitution. 

1300 Cursor AM, 8108 (Cott.) Pir wandes thre wit-in be 
rote Gains iuels all pai bar al bote. c1325 £. £. Allit. 
Poems B. 277, & penne euelez on erpe ernestly grewen. 
c1450 Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthb. (Surtees) 3696 Of twa 
euels gif 3e nede be tane To chese. c 1500 J/elusine 237 Of 
two euylles men ought to choose the lasse. 1539 TAVERNER 
Erasm. Prov. 39 A_lytle euyll, a great good. 1577 B. 
Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 77 Among other evils, 
they [hop gardens] will be full of Woormes. 1611 Biste 
Prov. xxii. 3 A prudent man foreseeth the euill, and hideth 
himselfe. 1674 R. Goprrey /1/. §& Ad. Physic 94 We being 
admonisht by the vulgar proverb, To choose the least of 
Evils. 1793 Burke Corr. (1844) 1V. 135 There are evils to 
which the calamities of war are blessings. 1835 THIRLWALL 
Greece I. 305 Correcting an evil which disturbed the internal 
tranquillity of Sparta. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 136 
One of the chief evils which afflicted Ireland. 1871 Morey 
Voltaire (1886) 13 A real evil to be combated. 1875 JowETT 
Plato (ed. 2) V. 75 We can afford to forgive as well as pity 
the evil which can be cured. : 

+5. A wrong-doing, sin, crime. Usually £7. Obs. 

Beowulf 4194 [Ic] pam leod-scadan yfla gehwylces hond- 
Jean forgeald: c1o00 Ags. Ps. cv. 25 [cvi. 32] Per Moyses 
weard mazene zebysgad for heora yfelum. ¢1175 Lam, 
as peues pet nulled nu nefre swike heore uueles. 
a1300 EL. £. Psalter \xxiv. 5 [Ixxv. 4], I said to wicke, Ivels 
wicli do per forn. c1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. i. 109 Yif 
pat yuelys passen wip outen punyssheinge. c 1489 Caxton 
Sonnes of Aymon xxi. 465, I have don many grete evylles 
agenst_my creatour. 1559 MWirr. Mag., Worcester xvii, 
King Edwardes evilles all wer counted mine. 1597 SHAKS. 
Rich. ITT, % ii. 76 (Qo.) Of these supposed evils [Fo. 
crimes]. .to acquit myself. 1614 Br. Hatt Contemp. O. 7. 
vi. ii, Men thinke either to patronize or mitigate evils, by 
their fained reasons, : 


cd 


EVIL. 


+6. A calamity, disaster, misfortune. Ods. 

a 1300 £. E, Psalter \xxxix. [xc.} 15 Yheres in whilke we 
segh ivels bus, c 1400 Afol. Loll. 41 He reprouid be rych, 
and seid many iuel to cum to hem. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes 
*. Aymon xix. 408 Grete evylles and harmes are happeth 
t To CoverDALe peer co ie I se the 
euell t vnto m ap x » SMyTHE in 
Lett. Lit. Men Coen 641 r may aad dyvers acci- 
dents ensue such and so great evills unto your Majestie 
and Realme. 1667 Mitton /. LZ. 11. 281 How in safety best 
we may Compose our present evils. 1791 Mrs. RApcLIFFE 
‘orest i, With the additional d 


gan 
pr. pple. forming adjectives and substantives, as 


evil-boding, -saying, -speaking, -wishing, . in- 

strumental, with pples., forming adjs., as *} evé/- 

bicaught, -impregnated. Also evil-proof a., proof 
inst evil. EVIL-DOER, -WILLER, etc. 


©1330 Arth. & Merl. Thai weren and founde 
hem nought Tho he held hem *iuel bicought. 1833 Hr. 
Martineau Aanch. Strike xi. 125 The *evil-bodings which 


a succession of Job’s comforters been paving, into her 
ears. 185¢ _Sincteton Virgil I. 101 evil-bodi 
bitch ill: d birds. 


Rom. evil of being sep 
from his family. 
7. ta. . A disease, malady. Ods. ‘ 
cx Law 17598 Aurilie wule beon ded. Pat ufel is 


under his ribben, c 300 avedok 114 ‘Than him tok an iuel 
strong. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 3001 Som.. Sal haf 
als be yuel of mesel ¢ 1400 Maunpey. (Roxb.) viii. 29 A 
medicinal thing it [aloes] es for many euils. 1480 Caxton 
Descr. Eng. 25 The yelow euyll that is called the Jaundis. 
1697 DrypveN Virg. Coax. ut. 843 The slow creeping Evil 
eats his way. 1725 N. Rosinson 74. Physick 280 It cannot 
be expected that..the feeling his Pulse..will remove the 
Evil he labours under. 

is: c1400 Rom. Rose 3269 This is the yvelle that love 
they calle. 


b. Zhe Aleppo evil; *a disease, which first ap- 
pears under the form of an eruption on the skin, 
and afterwards forms into a sort of boil’ (euny 
Cycl. XII. 12/2). € The foul evil; the pox. + Zhe 
Salling evil; =‘the falling sickness ’, epilepsy. 

1340 Cursor M. 11831 (Trin.) Pe fallyng euel had he to 
melle. ¢1400 Maunpev. (1839) vi. 69 It heleth him of the 
fallynge Toyll 01475 Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 791 
Tlic morbus caducus, the fallyn evylle. 1607 ‘TorseLy 
Four, Beasts (1673) 506 The bloud of a lamb mingled with 
wine doth heal. .those which have the foul evil. x E.A. 
Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 79 The Aleppo evil, the 
Damascus ulcer, and some other diseases. 

ec. Short for Kine’s Evin: Scrofula. Also 
altrtb. in + Evil gold, the gold coin (see ANGEL 6) 
given by the king to those touched by him for ‘ the 
evil’. 

{1530 Patscr. 182 Les escrovelles, a disease called the 
quynnancy or the kynges yvell.] 1605 Suaks. J/acd, 1. iii. 
146 Alacd, What's the Diseasehe meanes? JA/a/. Tis call’d 
the Euill. 1667 Lond. Gaz. No. 154/4 There will be no far- 
ther Touching for the Evil till Michaelmas next. 1702 /did. 
No. 3814/4 Stolen. .two Pieces of Evil Gold. 1737 Pore //or. 
Epist. u. ii. 219 When golden Angels cease to cure the Evil. 
1751 Fiecpinc in Lond. Daily Advertiser 31 Aug., Two of 
the most miserable Diseases .. the Asthma and the Evil. 
1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. App. 536 The first 
who undertook to cure the evil by the royal touch. 

C. Comb. 

1. Of the ad/., chiefly parasynthetic adjs., as ev7/- 
affected (hence evil-affectedness), -complexioned, 
-eyed, -fortuned, -headed, -hearted, -hued, -man- 
nered, -minded (hence evil-mindedness), -officed, 
-gualitied, -savoured, -starred, -thewed [see THEW], 
-thoughted, -tongued, -weaponed, -willed; also 
+ evil-usage =ILL-USAGE. EvIL-FAVOURED, etc. 

1611 Biste Acts xiv. 2 Stirred vp the Gentiles, and made 
their mindes *euill affected against the brethren. — 
Corron Esfernon 1. Ww. 154 The *evil-affectedness of the 
people. 1623 Drumm. or Hawtn. Cypress Grove Wks. 121 
If they were not distempered and *evil complexioned, they 
would not be sick. 16x1 Suaks. Cy. 1. i. 72 You shall not 
finde me (Daughter) *Euill-ey’d vnto you. 1661 Pierce 
Sern. 29 May 35 Nor can you rationally hope to keep 
your Peace any longer, then whilest the evil-ey'd Factions 
want power to break it. 1872 Ruskin Hagle's .V. § 106 But 
to be evil-eyed, is that not worse than to have no eyes? 
1490 Caxton Eneydos xxvi. 94 O fortune *euyll fortuned 
why haste thou not permytted me, etc. — Ba.rour 
Practicks 490 (Jam.) Gif the awiner of the beist .. knew 
that he was “evil-heidit or cumbersom. 1832 TENNYSON 
CEnone 49 *Evil-hearted Paris..Came up from reedy Simois 
all alone. a@1azg Ancr. R. 368 Me..tolde him pet his 
deore spuse .. were .. lene & *vuele iheowed. 1656 ‘Trarr 
Comm. Col. ii. 20 The most uncivil and *evil-mannered .. 
of all those who have borne the name of God upon earth. 
153% in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. vii. 201 Opportunity was 
taken by the *evil-minded to worry alien Surgeons. 1687 
Drvven Hind & P. 11. 689 Some evil-minded beasts might. . 
wreak their hidden hate. 1817 Cossett Pol. Keg. 8 Feb. 
164 The endeavours which have recently been exerted .. 
by desi ning and evil-minded men. 1884 J. Parker 
y Pes Liye II. 144 We ourselves are .. infinite in the 
variety of our “evil-mindedness. 1607 Tourneur Kev. 
Trag. u. i, What makes yon “*euill-offic’d man? 1613 
Life Will. I in Select. Harl. Misc.(1793) 12 His return 
was on foot, by reason of the” *evil-qualitied ways. ¢1400 
Rom. Rose 4733 [Love is] Right *evelle savoured 
savour, 1842 TP carrechl Locksley H. 155 In wild Mah- 
ratta-battle fell my father *evil-starr’d. ¢ 1400 Beryn 2177 
Nevir thing so wild Ne so *evill thewid, as 1 was my 
selff. 1824 J. Symmons tr. ischylus’ Agamem. 11 Cure 
me of *evil-thoughted care. 1 in Deutsch's Rem, 8 
‘The *evil-tongued messenger arrived in the camp. 1645 
Mitton 7etrach. Wks. (1847) 218/1 Lager sgt of 
divorce .. gives us six [causes thereof], adultery, desertion, 
inability, errour, “evil usage, and impiety. 1590 Sir J. 
Smyru Disc. Weapons Sig.***, They have been contented to 
suffer their soldiers to goe “evill weaponed. 1393 LANGL. 
P, Pi. C, 1. 189 Men of holy churche, Auerouse & *euel- 
willed whanne thei ben auaunsed. c 1400 Afol. Loll. 25 
Who schal rise to gidre wip me ajenis be iuil willid. 1460- 
70 Bk. Quintessence (1889) 26 Saturn is a planete evel-willid 
and ful of sekenes. 1533 More Answ. poysoned Bk. Wks. 
tos4/s His wisedome will not enter into an euil-willed 

heart. 

2. Of the sé. a. objective with agent-noun, as 


evil-sayer, -speaker, -worker; with vbl, sb, and 


preg d air that d to surround y 
ane, wherever she went. 1864 Skea Uhland’s Poems 6: 

ow, builder, finish the walls and roof, God's blessing hat! 
made it *evil-proof. 1530 Pascr. 217/2 *Evyll sayer, 
maldisant. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de Ww. 1531) 93 Detrac- 
cyon is a preuy & secrete *euyll sayenge of our neyghbour. 
«1200 Moral Ode 274 Peor bed naddren. .Pa tered and freted 
pe *uuele speken. 1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sow/le im. yp 53 
Gladly heryng euery euel speker. 1621 Biste 1 Pet. ti. 1 
*Euill-s ings. 1705 STANHOPE et 1 III. 495 Many 
Rood Men .. look — these Evil-speakings as a sort of 

Jartyrdom. 7 Grote Greece 1. xi. (1862) II. 339 [Solon] 
forbade absolutely evil-speaking with respect to The dead. 
@ 1586 Sipney (J.), A country full of *evilwishing minds to- 
wards him. 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 4 Behald 
the doggis, behald *ewil workeris. 1622 Biste Pil. iii. 
2 Beware of euill workers, 


+ E-vil, s/.4 Ods. Meaning uncertain. 


(Some commentators explain it as ‘a jakes, privy’; there 
seems to be no ground for this exc. in the two passages 


1855 Voman's Devotion 11. 
a5 *Evil-i oss 


themselves, where ‘hovel’ would suit equally well. But 
identity with prec. seems quite possible.) 

1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. 11. ii. 172 Hauing waste ground 
enough, Shall we desire to raze the Sanctuary And pitch 


our euils there? 1613 — Hen. V///, 11, i. 67 Let.’em looke 
they glory not in mischiefe Nor build their euils on the 


graues of great men. 

Evvil, 52.8 dia’, [Vhe OE. word for ‘ fork’ is 
geaful; a parallel form *gz/e? might give evi/ in 
dialects.] (See quot.) 

1642 in Cotton Barnstaple (1890) 68 [The common sort] 
betooke themselves to armes .. some with pikes, some with 
dunge Evells, some with great poles. 1863 Morton Cycé. 
Agric. (E.D.S.), Evil, three-pronged fork. 

Evil (7'v'l), adv. Forms: 1 yfele, yfle, 3-4 
uvele, ufele, 4-6 evel(e, -el(l(e, yvelie, -ell, (4 
evyil, ivel, yvyl, yvle, 5 avell, ewell, yeffell), 
4-7 evill(e, -yl(e, -yl.l(e, (6 ewill), 3- evil. 
[ME. uvele (ii), tvele, evele, OF. yfele, f. yfel = 
OS. ubilo Du. euvel), OHG, ubilo, upilo (MHG. 
tibele, Ger. tibel):—OTeut. *udilé.] In an evil 
manner; ill. 

+1. Wrongly, wrongfully, wickedly, ill ; esp. with 
70 do, speak, etc. Obs.; cf. Evin sb, 2. 

c1ov0 Ags. Gosp. John xviii. 22 Gif ic yfele [1160 //atton 
efele] sprace cyd zewittnysse be yfele. c 1000 Ags. Ps. 1xx{i). 
9g Oft me feala cwadon feondas yfele. a1300 Cursor A. 


| 6531 (Gott.) Sone herd he.. Pat his folk ful euil had 


don, c1330 R. Breunne Chron. (1810) 147 Pe clergy Gaf a 
grete cursyng on whilk of pam... pat euelle bituex pam 
spak. cr Wyciir Wks. (1880) 12 Pei coueiten euyle 
here neizeboris goodis. cxg00 Destr. Troy 10493 Ector 
with envy evill he dyssayuet, Dang hym to dede. cx 
Gesta Rom, xc. ars (Aad. MS.) The yonge sone .. spendid 
Euyll the money that was take hym to the vse of the scole. 
1541 R. Barnes IVs. (1573) 361/1 Man euill vsyng hys free- 
will, dyd both loose him selfe, and also his freewil. 1547 
Homilies 1, Contention 1. (1859) 138 If I be evil reviled, 
shall I stand still, like a goose or a fool? 1g§80 Barret Adv. 
E 388, It is euill done of you, éaiguée facts. 1611 Biste 
sent xviii, 23 If 1 haue spoken euill beare witnesse of the 
euill. 

b. Zo speak evil OF. be) of: to speak maliciously, 
slanderously, abusively of; in later use perh. re- 
garded as a sé., but in OE. and ME. an adv. 

¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark ix, 39 Nis nan be on minum naman 
maegen wyrce & maze rade be me yfele sprecan. 1535 
Coverpace Ezek. xxxvi. 23 My greate name. . which amonge 
the Gentiles is euel spoken of 1580 Nort Plutarch 740 
[Alexander's friends] beganne..to speake euill of him. 
1611 Biste Mark ix. 39 ‘Vhere is no man, which shall doe 
a miracle in my Name, that can lightly speake euill of me. 
¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawrn. Poems Wks. 45 Here Aretine 
lies .. Who, whilst he liv'd spoke evil of all. a1768 T. 
Secker Serm. (1775) 1xxxix. 111. 229 Whoever is. .long evil 
spoken of, hath been faulty, 1841 Lane Arad. Nés. I. or 
That I should be his enemy, and speak evil of him, 

+e. To hear evil: to be evil spoken of; = L. 
male audire. Cf. To hear ill, Obs. 

1584 Forme of Prayer Ch. Scotl. G 2b, If he haue.. 
gouerned him selfe in suche sorte as the worde of God hath 
not hearde euill. 1g90 Srenser /. Q. 1. v. 23 O ! what of 
gods then boots it to be borne, If old Aveugles sonnes so 
evill heare ? fae 

+2. Harmfully, injuriously, esp. in Zo evil en- 
treat ; badly, severely, shamefully. Ods. 

¢ 1205 Lay. 2905 Vfele [c 1275 vuele) he hine merde. 1340 
Ayend, 239 He het pet ha wer rizt wel ybeate and e1 
y-dra3e. cy og Sir Ferumb, 2557 make vp Seynt petris 
churche Pat be Sarsynz han yulearayd. cxg00 Destr. ay 
pe, Beles bodies on bent brethit full euyll. a Kut, 

our 23 They.. plucked each other bi the of the 
hede t evelle. Caxton Paris §& V’. 19 Geffroy went 
to therthe under hys hors ryght evyl hurte. 1562 Act 5 Edis. 
c. 4. § 35 If any such Master shall misuse or evil intreat his 
Apprentice, 1578 Gude § Godlie Ball, (1868) 133, I was.+ 
Euill totcheit and rockit, 161 Biste Dent. xxvi. 6 The 
Egyptians euil intreated vs, and afflicted vs. Mem. 
Ct. Teckele u. 89 More fit to ruine and evil entreat the 
Peasants. .than to fight an pong 1749 Act 22 Geo. 7] in 
peeves ; Lex Mercat. (1752) 251 Pillaged, beaten, or evil- 
intreated, 


EVIL. 


Foeiow’ Loonie Meyiitiy acti ON tal tagee Bee 
roiss. 1, 
farther to gette any Sean 1 oma Plutarch (67 
819 Brutus could evil away with the tyranny. 

£4. Badly, poorly, indifferently, insufficiently ; 
not well. LZvz/ at ease = ill at ease. Obs. 


253, I am | contente. Lp. Berners /roiss. 1. 
xviii. 21 With them came other folkis of the countrey..with 
brede euyll bakyn. did. 1. Ixxxiii. 105 They were but yuell 
payed. 1 omilies u. Idolatry u, (1859) 197 The East 
and West Churches, which evil before. .fell to utter 
enmity. 1587 Harrison Zngland nu. xxi. (1877) 1. 332 


Sicke and evill at ease. 
Horses. . leane and evill appoynted for service. 

+ 5. Badly, defectively ; ye ver unskilfully ; 
also, incorrectly, wrongly. Ods. 

a1000 Riddles xliv. 10 (Gr.) Gif se esne his hlaforde hyred 
yfle. azzg0 Owl & Night. 1204 Ic wot if smithes sale vuele 
clenche. ¢1300 Beket 404 So schal the pays of the londe 
wel uvele beon iholde. ¢1340 Cursor M. 25828 (Fairf.) 
— dos squa is iuel ta3t. c1400 Lanfranc’s Ci 4 
(MS., A.) 93 Cankre.. comeb of a wounde yvel heeli 
1450 Merlin iii. 46 Sirs ye knewe Merlin full euell. 156 
Robinson tr. AZore’s Utop. Ded. Ep. (Arb.) 14 A good tale 
evel tolde. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1.(1 22 
If it be shallowe in one place, and deepe in an other, it de- 
clares the grounde to be evill handled in the plowing. 1597 
Mortey /xtrod. Mus. 74 Shew me a reason why the Dis- 
cord is euill taken here? x Purcuas Pilgrims 11. 1032 
‘These vessels are more wide t ours, being evil made. 

+6. Badly, unfortunately, unhappily, unsuccess- 
fully. Ods. 

971 Blickl. Hom.247 Py les wen sie pet we yfele for- 
weorbon. axz000 Czdmon's Gen. #7 (Gr.) Dat sceolde unc 
Adame yfele geweordan ymb Sat heofonrice. cr 
Cursor M. 18278 (Fairf.) Evylle hast pou done thy-self to 
spede. cx1400 Kom. Rose 1067 Yvel mote they thryve & 


‘oemts (1859) 
II. 97 Evel mot he spede, that gith of the puple 
(Ritson 1795) I. &3 
Yeffell mot he the, Seche thre strokes he me gi 
Biste 1 Chron, vii. 23 1t went euill with his house. 

+'7. With to decome, like, etc. Obs. 

¢1230 Hali Meid. 7 To don al & drehen pat him liked ne 
sitte hit hire se uuele. a 1300 Cursor M, 548 (Gott.) Of thing 
men likis, euil or wele, c 1300 Beket 1179 Uvele bicom him 
to gon afote. 1540 Coverpate /ruit/. Less. Pref. Wks. 
(Parker Soc.) I. 201 How evil doth it become a believer to be 
ireful and greedy of vengeance. 4; Suaxs. 3 ex. VJ, 
1v. vii. 84 How euill it beseemes thee, To flatter Henry. 

8. Comb. a. With agent-nouns, forming sbs., 
as evil-liver, -looker. 

1846 Trencn Mirac. xxxiii. (1862) 462 The ship of the 
Church,— encumbered with *evil-livers till it well nigh 
makes shipwreck altogether. 1887 Lavy Be.Lams be 
w. Girls u. 64 Do not delude yourself that .. you will 
able to reform a lover who has been an evil liver. 1697 
Evetyn Nusmism. ix. 302 Witches and *Evil-lookers as they 
call them. ; 3 q 

b. With pres. pples., forming adjs., as evi/-smell- 
ing; with vd/. sbs., forming sbs., as evil-getting 
(concr.), -taking. Also evil-liking, ill-favoured ; 
evil-sounding, harsh-sounding ; EviL-WILLING. 

1652 Br. Hatt Juvis. World uu. § 5 He [Satan] heartens 


1599 omy hy Voy. Il. 129 


us in *evil gettings under pretence of the unity of 
liberal almsgiving. 1535 ERDALE Yoed i. 18 The bul- 
lockes are very *euel likynge because they haue no pasture. 
1881 Besant & Rice Chafi. Fleet 1. 187 They were here, 


crouched in this filthy, *evil-smelling place. 1552 Hutorr 
*Euil soundynge, adsonus, 1547 Homilies 1. Salvation ut. 
(1859) 32 To avoid *evil taking and misunderstanding. 

e. With pa. pples., forming adjs. (a.) With sense 
‘wickedly, wrongly ’, as evil-disposed, -gotten, -won. 
(6.) With sense ‘imperfectly, unskilfully’ (= 7s-), 
as evil-fashioned, -loved, -ordered, -pieced, -shaped, 
-shapen, -sown, -spun, ~taught. evil-sained 
[see Sar], lit. ‘ill-blessed’, 7.e. accursed. 

1563 Foxe in Latimer’s Serm, & Rem. (1845) p. xix, He was 
tossed and turmoiled by *evil-di FSOns. J. 
S. C. Ansorr Napoleon (1855) 1. xxxvii. 571, 1 should, on 
the y have the Trib 1 been hypo- 
critical or evil-disposed. 1483 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 28 


ha’ 
prewten. talzer, has an ewell dyspossid woman to hys 
wyff. /bid. Jot —— has avell dy id chyl 
¢ 


ntes & deuyllysshe shoon & sl of 

T avenues Erasm. Prov. 2 *Euyl gotten 
Hutort *Euil Y 

That the 


Cee 


~6 Peramb. 
but. *evill peeced, will 


. Motuerwett Poents 
(1847) 17 And_ sway to their Each *e 

mood. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xu. sod Ga 
The hath an..*euyll shapen heed. azsq4x Wyatt 
i oe eee rg 
evil-sown such is fruit. x Songs Costum 
of *evel-spon waste. Lancu. 


quod I ‘ vnhende 
Baill, 210 Ane carling of the 


ene of P| win geir to elphyne careis. 


EVIL. 


+ Ervil, v. Ods. Forms: 1 yfelan, -ian, 2 
uvelien, 3 i-uvelen, 4 evel., yl(en, 5 evel, -yl. 
[ME. uvelien (71), OE. yfelian, f. fel, Evin a.] 

1. trans. To do evil to; to harm or injure ; to ill- 
treat ; to affect with disease. 

c 1000 Ags. Ps. Ixxxii{i]. 3 And ehtunga ealle hafdon, hu hi 
pine halgan her yfeladan. /4/d. cvifi]. 38 Nees heora neata 
nan zeyfelad. ¢1175 Laid, Hom. 15 Ne scal us na mon 
uuelien per uore. ¢1205 Lay. 31774 “Ex pe uisc i-eten weore 
i-uneled was be king. ¢1435 Torr, seeiaget 1843 Thou 
shalte lyve and wel fare, Yf the nothing evylle. 

2. intr. a. To grow bad (morally). b. To fall 
ill; to be ill or sick. 

1002-23 Wutrstan Addr, to Eng. (ed. Napier) 156 Deos 
woruld..sceal..ar Antecristes tocyme yfeljan swide. 1303 
R. Brunne Handi, Synne 8032 She euylde, And deyde 
sunner ban she wylde. 1387 Trevisa igden (Rolls) 1. 81 
In Ynde beeb men of fyue cubites long, pat euelep nou3t, 
noper 3ildeb vp pe breep.  14.. tr. Higden (Rolls) VII. 516 
(Harl. MS. 1900) The duke eueled so in the wey. 

E'vil-dover. [f. Evit sé. + Dorr.] One who 
does evil; a malefactor. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu. xxxvii. 436 The herte 
of the lapwynge is gode to euyl doers. 1526-34 TINDALE 
2 Tim. ii. 9, 1 suffre trouble as an evyll doar even vnto 
bondes. 1611 Biste 1 Pet. ii. 12 They speake against you 
as euill doers. 1736 Berketey Disc. to Magistrates Wks. 
III. 421 Punishments that await evil-doers. 1851 D, Jer- 
ROLD St. Giles ix. 87 Those who were so sharp after evil- 
doers had commonly not the cleanest consciences them- 
selves. 1864 Burton Scot Aédr, I. v. 248 The formidable 
Proctor, who is a terror to evil-doers. 

E:vil-doing, v2/. sd. [f. Evm sd. + Dorne.] 
The action of doing evil. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu. xxxvii. (1495) 436 In 
theyr euyll doyng they vse theyr hertes. 1526-34 TInpALE 
1 Pet. iii. 17 It is better. .that ye suffre for well doynge then 
for evyll doynge [x6rx euill doing, 188: (Aev.) evil doing]. 
1682 Sec. Plea Nonconf. 59 His Approbation, which he 
never gave to Evil-doing. 1768-74 Tucker L¢. Nat. (1852) 
I. 576 The penalties annexed to evil-doing. 

+ €-vilfare. Obs. rave—', [f. Evin sé. + FARE 
sb.; cf. welfare.] Ill-success, misfortune. 

1553 GrIMALDE Cicero's Offices 11. (1558) 79 A great power 
ther is in fortune. .either for welfare or euilfare. 

‘vil-fa'voured, a. Ods. [f. Evin + Favour 
+-ED*%.] Having a repulsive appearance or as- 
pect, ill-looking ; = ILt-FavourReED. 

1530 Patscr. 217/2 Evylfavoured face, 
CoverDALe Lev. xxi. 18 Blynde, lame, with an euell fau- 
oured nose, with eny myssshappen membre. 1563 Hom/- 
lies u. Idolatry 11. (1859! 229 Evilfavoured and rude lumpes 
of clay. 1579 Tomson Cadsin’s Serm. Tim. 348/2 They 
seeke for nothing but plaisters to couer the foule euilfauoured 
matter. 1607-12 Bacon £ss., Custom (Arb.) 366 Maccia- 
uell well noteth (thoughe in an Evill favoured instance), 
there is [etc.]. 1775 in As; hence in mod. Dicts. 

Hence + E:vilfa‘vouredly adv., in an ill-favoured 
manner; defectively, imperfectly, improperly ; 
maliciously. + E:vilfa‘vouredness, the quality 
of being ill-favoured, deformity, ugliness. 

@ 1886 CranMER Wes, I. 33 How evil-favouredly you and 
Smith agree among yourselves. 1868 Turner Heréa/ ut. 
60 Selfe heale is called of some of the Germanes, evelfavor- 
edly, Prunella. 1577 Harrison Exgland Ded., The curious, 
and such as can rather euill fauouredlie espie than skilfullie 
correct an error, 158r Marseck Bh. of Notes 525 ‘Vhat 
Painter .. had euill fauouredlie proportioned a painted 
Henne. 1624 Capt. Smitu Virginia (1629) 38 Images .. 
made evill favouredly according to their best workmanship. 
1535 CovERDALE Dewt. xvii. 1 Thou shalt offre..no oxe or 
shepe that hath a blemish or eny euell fauourednesse on it. 
1847 Homilies 1. Contention 1. (1859) 134 You shall see. .the 
evilfavouredness and deformity of this most detestable vice. 
1 Mirr. Policy (1599) 164 Riches make a woman proud 
oO ditsucuredoeme maketh her odious. 1775 in Asn; 
hence in mod. Dicts, 


+ Evvilful, a. Ods-° [f. Evin sd. + -FvuL.] 
Harmful, malicious, Hence Ervilfully adv., in 
a harmful or malicious manner. 

¢1400 Afol. Loll. 76 Pu schal do no ping 3euelfuly to bi 
ne3bor in his nedis to be releuid. 

+Ervilless, z. Ods. In 4 evelles. [f. Evin 
+-LESS.] Without evil; free from evil. 

©1394 P. P?, Crede 242 Syghthen Christ deyed Oure ordre 
was euelles, : 

Evilly (z-vljli), adv, [f. Evia. + -ty2.]/ In 
an evil manner. 

1, Viciously, wickedly, censurably. 

a. 1880 Afol. Pr. Orange in Phenix (1721) 1. 501 Who 
have... very evilly, and without any cause, withdrawn them- 
selues from us. 1603 Knottes A7st. Turks (2658) 96 They 
haue euilly prosecuted that their pretended right and title. 
1624 QuarLes ¥05(1717) 197 His plenty. .evilly come. .shall 
soon pass away. 1 Biey (folio), Evilly, in a bad 
manner. 1863 J. C. Morison St. Bernard u1. iii. 331 No 
knowledge or power is evil, however evilly it may be em- 

loyed. 87x Atanaster Wheel of Law p. xxxvi, He has 
ived evily in previous generations. = 

2. With evil purpose or result; injuriously ; ma- 
liciously, mischievously ; noxiously. 

1631 GouGE God's Arrows 1. § 20.27 Who more.. evilly 
entreated and persecuted in the world. 1655 Futter Ci’. 
Hist. w. ii. § 14 Others, who publish .. evilly and falsly .. 
that Richard late King of England..is still alive. 1670 
Corton Esfernon 11. vit. 320 She would. .make known who- 
ever should be so evilly affected. 1677 Lond. Gaz. No. 
1239/4 A Spanish Man of War .. commanded the Masters 
Bat heal , very evilly intreated them. 1845 R. CHAMBERS 
Vest. Creat., Mental Const. Anim., The production of those 
evilly disposed beings is in this manner. 1872 Howetts 
Wedd. Fourn, 81 The hot, greasy biscuit, steaming evilly 


imace. 1535 


- 


351 


up into the face. 1873 Ourna Pascarel I. 35 They eyed 
me askance very evilly and munched their chocolate chicchi. 
1875 FARRAR Seekers i. iii. 215 ‘Two or three ior apenas 
brats. 1879 Premature Death 62 It tells evilly on the 
health-condition of large sections of the population, 

3. Unfavourably. 

1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 260 Not to desire 
heaven .. is so evilly thought of, that, etc. 1823 Lame 
Let. B. Barton in Life & Lett. xii. 119 And let ’em talk as 
evilly as they do of the envy of poets. 1864 Dk. MANCHESTER 
Court & Soc. Eliz. to Anne Il. 160 This latter, evilly cele- 
brated in his day, was Ferdinando, Marquis de Paleotti. 
1883 Daily News 20 June 5/6 The evilly reputed spot—the 
guet-apens where we were all to be massacred. 

4. Not well, badly: +a. Faultily, insufficiently, 
defectively (0ds.). b. Unhappily. 

1587 FLeminc Contn. Holinshed (11. 1278/2 Robert Bal- 
docke .. a man evillie beloved. 1590 Disc. Sp. /uvas. in 
Harl. Misc. (Malh.) 11. 162 The which embassage .. made 
the gentleman to be evilly entertained by our men. 1655 
Dicces Compl. Ambass. 121 How evilly they rest satisfied 
..is well known. 1683 Satmon Dovon Med. 111. 643 Restores 
the whole Skin (though evilly framed as to its Pores) mak- 
ing it well coloured. 1845 J. H. Newman £ss, Developne. 
223 Superstitious men fare most wretchedly & evilly. 

+5. With difficulty ; reluctantly, impatiently. 

1595 SHAKS. ¥ohn 11. iv. 149 This Act so euilly borne shall 
coole the hearts Of all his people. 1630 A’. /o/nson's 
Kinga. & Commiw, 234 The Provinces of Aragon also. .doe 
evilly brooke this government. 

+6. Incorrectly, inappropriately, improperly. 

c1g58 Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII, (1878) 293 How 
well and godly he .. preached .. though the place were very 
evily applied. 1607 TorseLL Serfents (1653) 803 These 
words of Arstotle, evilly understood by Pliny and other 
ancient writers. 1607 SHaKs. 7?mzon IV. iii. 468 Oh Monu- 
ment And wonder of good deeds, euilly bestow’d! 1677 
Gate Crt. Gentiles Il. w. 112 Natural libertie in it self 
good but evilly applied. 

E:vilmost, ¢. vare—'. [f. Evina@. § on the 
analogy of HinpMost.] Most evil or unlucky. 

1857 Cottins Dead Secret (1861) 258 One day (he said) of 
all the days in the year the evilmost for Sarah she changed 


that name, : 
Evilness (7-vl-, z-vilnés). [OE. sfelnyss, f. 


as prec. + -NESS.] The quality or condition of | 


being evil. 

1. Badness, viciousness ; wickedness, depravity. 

1o0o AEtFric Hom. II, 278 pet we sceoldon wistfullian na 
on yfelnysse beorman, ac on peorfnyssum. ¢1175 Lavizh, 
Hom. 17 Pet he icherre from pan uuelnesse ear his ende dei. 
a1300 &. E. Psalter li. 5 [lii. 3] Pou loved ivelnes ovre 
betternes. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. i. 4 That cometh 
nothyng of the right of warre but by euylnes of the peple. 
1553 Br. Poner in Strype Accé. Afem. II. 11. xxiii. 445 The 
evilness of the abuse hath marred the goodness of the word. 
1677 HALE Prim. Orig. Man. 1. ii. 55 The .. evilness .. and 
unseasonableness of moral or natural actions, which falls not 
within the verge ofa brutal faculty. 1730-6 in Baitey (folio), 

+2. Evil influence, hurtful character, noxious- 
ness. Obs. 

1563 Hyti Art Garden. (1593) 19 That the euilnes and 
corruptnes of the grounde, may be washed awaye with the 
winter showers, 1564-78 BuLLEYN Déal. agst. Pest. (1888) 


31 When as the Sunne and Moone doe enter into any of | 


their circles in those greate bodies, then our little bodies in 
earth do feele the goodnes or euilnesse of them. 1620 VEN- 
NER Via Recta Introd. 7 The Inhabitants, by reason of the 
euilnesse of the aire, haue grosse. .spirits. 

+3. Ill-health, illness. Ods. 

1599 Harsnet Agst. Darell 315, I oftentimes heard M. 
Darrell say before my pretended Evilnes that [etc.]. 

+4. Poor or bad quality, inferiority. Ods. 

1548 Ceci Pref to Q. Catherine's Lament., Neither the 
goodnes of the cause can mooue them to saie more, neither 
the euilnesse less. 1549 Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 27 They 
saye that the euylnes of money hath made all thinges dearer. 
162r AinswortH Axnnot. Pentat. Gen. xli. 20, I have not 
seen their like, in all the land of Egypt, for evilness. 

+ Ervilty. Obs. [ME. evelté: see Evi a. and 
-Ty, and cf. everlastingty. Substituted in a late MS. 
of the Cursor Mundi for vileté, the reading of the 
Cotton MS. in both passages.) Evil, harm. 

¢ 1330 Assump. Virg. 280 in Cursor M. App. ii, Perof be 
pi most pou3t, When I am parted Iohan, fram pee, That pei 
do my bodi none euelte [sic MS.; printed eveste]. bid. 439 
Men dide me moche euelte. .thei token me & bette me sore. 

+ Evil-willer. O¢s. [f. Evin sé. + Witter. ] 
One who wishes evil to another; an ill-wisher. 

1460 Eart Marcne in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 5. I. 9 Ayenst 
thentent & malice of your evil willers. 1367 Bonp in Keith 
Hist. Scot. 381 Our comoune Enimyis and evill Willeris. 
1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit.1. 16, 1 fear me lest malitious 
evilwillers would wrest them to the detraction and slander 
of the said nations. 

+ Evil-willing, ¢. Ods. [f. Evi adv. + WitL- 
ING a. or pr. pple. 

1, Unwilling, disinclined. Const. ¢o with 7zf- 

1525 Lp. Berners Fro/ss. Il. cxl. 151 a, He was euell 
willinge to shewe the trouthe. 1563 Homilies u. Rogat. 
Week 111.(1859) 492 This Spirit will never enter into an evil- 
willing soul. 

2, quasi-sd. An ill-wisher, enemy. 

¢ 1340 Cursor M. 6829 (Trin.) If pou fynde of pyne euele 
willonde Vndir birpen his beest liggonde helpe him. 

Hence Evil-willingly adv., grudgingly, unwill- 
ingly. . 

oa CuHatoner tr. Zrasm. Moriz Enc. Siv, They doe 
it evilwillyngly. 

+ E:vil-willy, ¢. 0¢s. [parasynthetically f. 
evil will: see Evit a. and Witty.] a. Having 
evil desires, b, Malevolent, spiteful. 


EVINCEABLE, 


1382 Wyctir W7sd. i. 4 In to an euell willi soule shal not 
gon in wisdam. cr Afol, Loll. 25 Prelats mai sore 
drede, bat her. .iuilwilly cursing be in cause whi be puple 
dredip not cursing. 1§00-20 Dunpar ‘/n secreit place this 
hyndir nycht’, Be warme hairtit & nocht ewillwillie. 

Evince (‘vi'ns), uv. [ad. L. événccre, f. € out + 
vincere to conquer. (For the Lat, senses see 
Evicr.)] 

+1. trans. To overcome, subdue, prevail over. 

1620 VENNER Via Recta viii. 167 Because it cannot be con- 
cocted, and euinced of nature, [it] filleth the body with crude 
-.-humours. 1650 Huppert Pil? Formality 100 They will 
keep their hold until they be evinced and cast out. 1671 
Mitton P. 2. tv. 235 Error by his own arms is best evinc't. 
1678 H. Vaucuan Vhalia Rediv., Day-spring, My Prince 
Whose fulness no need could evince. 

+2. To convince. Also adsol. Obs. 

162x I. C. in 7. Bedford's Serm. sig. 1. 6a, Whether 
their. .Consciences bee not. .euidently euinced of the truth 
of the Gospell. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 7 Such, 
I am sure our modern Engine [the Microscope] will ocu- 
larly evince and unlearn them their opinions, 1668 Hace 
Pref, to Rolle’s Abridgm, 2 His arguments were fitted 
to prove and evince, not for ostentation, plain yet learned. 
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. 1. 13 The principal drift of 
his discourse was to evince the people, that the Religious 
were oblig’d to reprehend the Errors. .of all people. 

+b. To confute, convict of error. Ods. 

1608-11 Br. Hatt “fist. vi. § 5 Were we euer the true 
Church of God? Who hath admonished, euinced, excom- 
municated, us? 1661 CowLey Advanc. Exper. Philos., 
The Popular and received Errors in Experimental Philoso- 
phy .. shall be evinced by tryal. 1672 Sir P, Leycester 
Prolegom. in Ormerod Cheshire (1880) I, 29 Not evinced 
by any solid answer or reason to the contrary. 

+3. To constrain, compel (assent), extort (con- 
cessions, etc.) by force of argument or persuasive 
motives. Ods. 

1631 I. Apams in Let¢. Lit, Men (Camden) 149 His pro- 
fession of love. .of readiness to assist in any thing. .all which 
evince my most grateful acknowledgment. a 1658 CLEVE- 
LAND Geut. Poems, etc. (1677) 170, I shall wave the Arguments 
wherewith you endeavour to evince our Consent, 

+4. To prove by argument or evidence; to es- 
tablish. Also, xavely, To prove the rightness of, 
vindicate. Const. a. with simple oé7.; b. with 
obj. clause; @. with zzf. To prove (a person or 
thing) to be (so and so); d. adsol. Obs. 

a. 1610 Br. Hart. Afol. Brownists § 5 Wee holde, and 
wish no lesse ; your places evince no more. 162r BurTON 
Anat, Mel. Democr. (1676) 11/1 You shall see by what 
-.arguments I will evince it, that most men are mad. 
1661 Boye E.ramen iii. (1682) 20 Having said thus much 
to evince against Mr. Hobbs the Gravity of the Air. 1709 
Stryre Anz. Ref. I. xx. 247 Who did..make it their 
business in their sermons to prove and evince the present 
proceedings in religion. 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. 1.77 
We require no more to evince the Falshood of that Asser- 
tion. 

b. 3611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit, vi. ix. 80 Our former 
allegations doe euince that, etc. 16953 Woopwarp Nat. 
Hist, Earth 1. (1723) 16 Having detected the Insufficiency 
of them, by evincing how far they are from being conclusive. 
1767 Goocn Treat, Wounds |, 419 We want not instances 
from lithotomy to evince, that wounds of this part are 
curable, 

C. 1635 Jackson Creed vit. xx. Wks. VIIL. 39 Judicious 
commentators do clearly evince this form of congratulation 
Hosanna to be precatory. 1647 Litty Ch». Astrol, clxxvii. 
750h—being in 8 an earthly Signe—will evince the Native 
to accumulate Wealth by Pastorage, Tillage, etc. 1667 
Naphtali Postscr. (1761) 276 They will evince him to be the 
archest traitor that ever Scotland bred. 1709 Strype Ann. 
Ref. 1. xi. 136 The practice of the lawyers. .evinced this 
and the rest to be good laws. 

d. Br. Hatt Cases Consc. u. v. (1654) 116 The 
Accuser complaines, the Witnesse evinceth, the Judge 
sentences. 

5. To be an indication or evidence of; to make 
evident or manifest. Const. a. with simple 047. ; 
b. with 047. clause or preceded by as. 

@, 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1481 Their pacific disposi- 
tion is thoroughly evinced, from their friendly reception of all 
strangers. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. xxvi. (1819) 465 The 
contrivances of nature decidedly evince intention, 18xx J. 
Pinkerton Petrad. 1. 597 The presence of. .resin, and fibre, 
are esteemed to evince the original vegetable character. 
a 1866 Grote Eth, Fragmz. iii. (1876) 52 Nothing can more 
clearly evince the preponderance of this view. 

b. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 11. ii. v1. iii. (1651) 299 Fishes 
.. which, as common experience evinceth, are much affected 
with music. 1702 W. J. Bruyn’s Voy, Levant vii. 22 The 
Ruins that are round about do sufficiently evince that 
anciently there were great Buildings in this Place. 1726 
Leont tr. Adberti’s Archit. 1. 40b, A Tower. .made its way 
thro’ the ground it stood upon, which, as the fact evinced, 
was a loose weak soil. 1779 J. Moore View Soc. Fr. (1789) 
I. vii. 45 What is mentioned in my last letter .. evinces how 
very opposite their sentiments are. 1864 Bowen Logic xi. 
359 These considerations appear to me to evince yery clearly, 
that [etc.]. . 3 

6. To give tokens of possessing; to reveal the 
presence of (a quality, condition, feeling); to 
display, exhibit, manifest. 

1829 Scott Rob. Roy Introd. 18 The knees and upper part 
of the leg. .evincing muscularstrength. 1853 C. Bronté V77- 
dette xxxvii. (1876) 420 His answers .. evinced both wisdom 
and integrity. 1879 Hare B’ness Bunsen I. iii. 65 The ex- 
treme truthfulness..of both her father and mother is so 
quaintly evinced in the following letter. 

b. reff. To show oneself (to be) so and so. 

1804-8 Foster in L7fé § Corr. (1846) I. 267, L evince myself 
a social man, 

Evinceable, obs. form of Evincrpir. 


EVINCEMENT. 


+Evincement. 00s. [f. Evixcr + -ment.] 
The action or process of evincing ; proof. 

Eart Orrery Parthen. Gee) tp Aa an evincement 
of the greatness of my flame. H. More Real Presence 
20 he plain Evincement that our Saviour meant figuratively, 
when, etc. 

Evi-ncible, a. Also 6 -eable. [f. as prec. + 
-IBLE.]_ @. That may be evinced; demonstrable. 
+b. Of proofs: Demonstrative, convincing. __ 

1593 Burson Govt. Christ's Ch. 335, 1 see utterly nothing 

inceabl hese ples. 1677 Hace Prim, Orig. Man. 
1. ii. 63 Possibly the Immortality of the Soul is evincible 
by very great reason. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng. U1. xxxix. 
356 ote, That Bothwell was young, appears, among many 
other evincible proofs from Mary’s instructions to the bishop 
of Dumblain. 1828 in WessTeR. oot 

Hence + Evi-neibly adv., in an evincible man- 
ner; so as to prove convincingly. 

vin Baltey ; hence in Ash, etc. 

cing (‘vinsin), pf’. a. [f as prec. + 

-InG%,] That evinces; + convincing. 

1641 Mitton Animadyv. (1851) 192 The inference is un- 
deniable .. from the general to the particular, an evincing 
argument in Logick. 1673 Lady's Call. 1. § 1.12 The more 
evincing attestation they must attend from the unerring 
tribunal hereafter. 1759 Ditwortn Pope 65 Hethought the 
arguments there offered so evincing. 1794 G. Apams Nat. 
& Exp. Philos. U1. xxi. 423 [He] will feel the evidence of 
the hereditary evil of man. .evincing. en 

Hence + Evi-neingly adv., in an evincing man- 
ner; convincingly. 

1656 H. More Antid. Ath. u. ii. (1712) 43 That the fore- 
going Phenomena are not by chance or luck. . will be more 
evincingly confirmed. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. . 107 By 
which it most evincingly appears that water does gravitate 
in its own Sphere. 

Evincive ‘vinsiv), a. [f. Evince + -1ve.] 
Giving indications or proof ; indicative. Const. of. 

1806 FESSENDEN Democr. II. 96 A few particulars, which 
shall be evincive of the kind of talents, which are necessary 
to qualify a man. 1812 J. J. Henry Cam. agst. Quebec 48 
It may be proper to relate the following anecdote as more 
evincive of the fact. 1870 J. Story Aguity Furispr. xxiv. 
167 Any writing sufficiently evincive of a trust. . will create 
a trust by implication. 

Evin g, obs. var. caving, q. v. under Eave. 

1651 OciLpy /Zsop (1665) 187 A little Mouse Streight she 
presents on th’ Evins of the House 1736 Battey //ousch. 
Dict. 331 Near unto the evings of the house [Hen House] 
should be long perches. 

+ Evi-ntegrous, ¢. Ols.-° [f. L. av-um age 
+ integr-um whole, entire + -ous.] (See quot. 

1674-81 Biount Glossogr., Evintegrous, that bears age 
without decay. 1692-1732 in Cotes. 1775 in Asn. 

Evir, obs. form of Ivory, 

+ Evvirate, f//. a. Obs. [ad. L. evirat- ppl. 
stem of @virdre: see next.) Castrated, emascu- 
lated; deprived of manly strength or vigour. 

1606 Hotianp Suefon. Annot. 15 The water .. drunken, 
caused men to be evirate and effeminate. 1609 — Asm. 
Marcel. xxvii. x. 321 A certaine esquier or targuetier, borne 
a verie evirate Eunuch. 1650 CuarLeton Paradoxes Prol. 
11 Nature is not yet evirate, but holds out bravely. 

Evirate (/‘vireit, e'vireit), v. [f. L. évirat- ppl. 
stem of @virdre to deprive of virility, f. @ out + 
oir man.] trans. To deprive of virility or man- 
hood. a. To castrate (a male). b. To deprive 
of manly qualities or attributes; to render un- 


manly in character or appearance. 

& 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. u. iii. u. (1651) 312 Some 
Philosophers and Divines have evirated themselves, and put 
out their eyes voluntarily the better to contemplate. 1640 
Br. Hatt Chr. Moder. 1. § 4 Origen and some others that 
have voluntarily evirated themselves. 1846 Lanpor Exam. 
Shaks. Wks. U1, 280 The Pope offered a hundred marks in 
Latin to whoever should eviscerate and evirate him [Doctor 
Glaston]. 

b. 1626 W. Scrater E-xf. 2 Thess. (1629) 272 How doth 
it [idleness] euirate, un-man men? 1650 BuLwer Anthro- 
pomet. 131 Without .. impiety [we] cannot .. eradicate our 
Beard..but we must renounce that, and account it for a 
sport so fondly to Evirate ourselves. 1875 Browninc A 77/s- 
toph. Apol. go On thee whose life work preached ‘ Raise 
soul, sink sense |! Evirate Hermes !’ 

Hence E:virating, 7//. si. 

1657 Reeve God's Plea 245 Oh, look with shame .. upon 
this wofull evirating, or dis-humaning yourselves. 


|| Evirato (evira‘to). Pl. evirati. ([Italian, ad. 
L. viratus, pa. pple. of &irdre: see EVIRATE v.] 
A male singer castrated in boyhood so as to retain 
an alto or soprano voice. Cf. CASTRATO, 

1796 Burney Metastasio 111. 330 The exquisite voices 
and refinements in singing of the Evirati. 1879 J. Mar- 
SHALL in Grove Dict. Mus. 1. fis He [Ferri] seems to have 
surpassed all the evirati in brilliance and endurance. 

Eviration (eviré:fon). [ad. L. @iratiin-em, 
n, of action f. @virare: see Evimate v.] The 
action of depriving of virility; the state of being 
deprived of virility; emasculation. Also fig. 

1603 Hottanp Piutarch's Mor. 1232 had saved the 
children of Greeks from eviration. 1654 Ussner Avn. vi. 
(1658) 122 The wrong which had been done him in his 
eviration, 1730-6 Baitey (folio), Zvérvation, a gelding, an 
unmanning; also making effeminate. 

Jig. 1829 Lanvor /mag. Conv. (1846) I. 51 If he could re- 
cover his senses under a worse and more shameful eviration. 

+ Evi-rtuate, #//. a. Obs. rare. [f. as next + 
-ATE%.] Deprived of virtue, strength, or power; 
enervated. 


1799 S. T. Couerince in Mrs. Sandford 7. Poole & 
that. .these ial, weak, and evirtuate ages have pro- 


ignominy. 
+ , 2. Obs. Also 7 evertuate. [f. 
Fr. (s )évertu-er, f. é (for es-):—L. ex- out + vertu 
virtue (cf. Pr. ¢ ) +-ATES,] 
1. a. ref. To put forth virtue from (oneself) ; 
to exert oneself (to do something). b. intr. To 
put forth virtue, exert influence. 


1642 Howe. For. Trav. (Arb.) 72 One should evertuate 
himselfe to bring ing that may accrue to the 
i c 1645 — Lett. Lge 
m , 


publique benefit. ) IL. Ini, Thus my 
noble Lord have I evertuated and strech’d all my 
sinnews .. to satisfy your ip’s desires touching this 
subject. 1675 Evetyn 7erra (1729) 25 The Secret we enquire 
after, and which does most Ty vp seem to evirtuate 
towards this end [manuring ], is some vegetable Salt. 

2. trans. To take away the virtue of, to deprive 


of authority, power, or strength. 


1640 Lp. Diasy Sf. Trienn. Parl. (1641) 24 Where is the | 


legislative Authority ?..In the King circled in, fortified and 
evirtuated by his Parliament. H. Parker Yus Pop. 
65 The Comitia are totally depraved and evirtuated by 
being called out of the field into the palace. 1656 Brounr 
Glossogr., Evertuate, 1721-1800 Baitey, Evertuate. p 
Eviscerate (‘visérét), pf/.a. [ad. L. 7- 
scerat-us, pa. pple. of eiscerare: see next.] 
Drawn from the bowels (of the earth). 
1830 W. Paiturrs A/t. Sina? tw. 352 Lay blocks of sapphire 
sha less, out of earth As fresh eviscerate. 
scerate (/vi'séreit), v. [f. L. @zscerat- ppl. 
stem of @vrscerare (=sense 1), f. 2 out+ viscer-a 
(pl. of v7scus) the internal organs, VISCERA.] 
. trans. To take out the internal organs or 
entrails of ; to disembowel ; to gut. Also adso/. 
1623 in Cockeram. 1651 R. Witttr tr. Primrose’s Pop. 
Err. wW.xXxvi. 353 They are taken out of creatures that are 


slain and eviscerated. 1846 [see EviraTe v.]. 1856 KANE 
Arct. Expl. Il. xii. 127 He was first harpooned, then 
eviscerated. 1862 J/acm. Mag. Oct. 511 The weird-like 


ir eviscerate in desperation, as basketful after basket- 
ul is poured into the gutting-trough. 1862 Atcock Cafit. 
Tycoon \1. 6 Declaring that if he did not obtain full justice 
on the spot, he would eviscerate himself in the Prince's 
presence, 1882 T. J. Parker in Nature XXV. 352 The fish 
1s eviscerated, the gills removed and placed in strong spirit. 


| able, f. evitare: see 


b. vefl. of the spider. Also fig. + Zo eviscerate | 


one’s brains. 


1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. xiv. (1651) 125 If he be a | 


Scholar so commended for his much reading. .he will evis- 
cerate himself like a spider, study to death. 1623 Drumm. 
or Hawtn. Cypress Grove Wks. tg The spider .. for 
the weaving of a scornful web eviscerateth it self many 
days. 1633 T. Apams Ex. 2 Peter ii. 5 A spider evisce- 
rates herself, spends her own bowels in making a web to 
catch a fly. 1654 Trappe Comm. Yoh xxxii. 11 Your..most 
elaborate demonstrations, for the which you had eviscerated 
your brains. 

ec. transf. To clear out the contents of; to 
empty, gut. 

1834 Blackw. Mag. XX XV. 656 In vain did I, as it were, 
eviscerate..every pocket. 1837 Cartyte fr. Kev. 1. 1, iii, 
A Paper-Warehouse pa re by axe and fire. 

2. In various figurative applications, 

a. To draw out what is vital or essential in 
(any thing); toelicit the ‘ pith’ or essence of. rare. 

1664 Evetyn Sy/va Pref. to Rdr., They .. as it were 
eviscerating Nature..have collected innumerable Experi- 
ments, etc. 1 BLACKSTONE Comm. III. 205 To prevent 
fraud and chicane, and eviscerate the very truth of the 
title. 18720. W. Hoimes Poet Break/.-t. ix, Some single 
point I could. .eviscerate and leave. . settled. 

b. To empty of vital contents ; to io ey (an 
argument, institution, enactment, etc.) of all that 
gives it value or importance. 

1834 Blackw. Mag. XXXVI. 329 France was eviscerated 
of all the nobler organs which once gave it a European 
existence. 1845 W. Sewe.. //awkstone 1. 79 The hymn. . 
was ..one of Watts’ which Mr. Priestley Ta previously 
eviscerated of all peculiar doctrines. 188x Daily News 15 
Feb. 2/1 Amendments intended to eviscerate the clause 
were moved by Dr. Commins. .and others. 

+e. transf. To bring out the inmost secrets of ; 
refl. to disclose one’s inmost thoughts. Also fig. 
Obs. rare. 

ees J. Kine Serm. Nov. 32 Yet was..the deep and vn- 
searchable hell of their harts .. eviscerated, ransacked, etc. 
¢ 1645 Howett Lett. 1. vi. 270 Now that I have thus 
eviscerated myself and dealt so clearly with you, I desire by 
way of correspondence that you would tell me, etc. 

erated (‘vi'séreitéd), pp/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1,.) a. Disembowelled ; fig. deprived of vital 
contents. +b. Sent forth from the vitals (ods.). 
True Informer 35 The poor penitent peccant soul 
may be said to breath out herself into the bosome of her 
Saviour by tender ejaculations. .and eviscerated ingemina- 
tions, 1858 Sears Athan. 111. ii. 266 A question to which 
our evi: d Pr ism is incapable of returning a 
consistent answer, 1884 Sfectator 5 Apr. 439/2 Eviscerated 
pro} of this kind is a mockery. 
scerating, v?/. sb. [f. as prec. + -1NG1.] 
The action of the vb. EvIscerate; /?¢, and Lig. 

1599 Nasuz Lenten Stuffe 72 Nor liuest thou[O Herring] 
by the he yy, or euiscerating of others, as most fishes do. 
vies Sir T. P. Brounr Zss, 112 The Eviscerating, and dis- 


clesing the — Re : Gvistez" fon). (as if ad. L. 


*evisceration-em, n. of action f. Miscerdre: see 
Evisceratr. Cf, F. évisceration.] 


1. The action or process of eviscerating or taking 
out the viscera; disembowelling. Bs: +o 
_ 1692 Epwarps Rentarkable Texts 161 This evi 


evisceration 
is remarkable, for ’tis emphatically said his bowels, 
yea all his bowels out. 1845 Syp. Smita /rish Rom. 
Cath, Ch. Wks. 1859 II. 234/2 The O’Sullivans have a still 
<“prang/ i Boston (Mana) Sorc. 9 Sept 2/2 Another atti 
e ton (Mass.) 2, 

butes it [earthquake] to voleanic i i F 

2. fig. (cf. EvIsceRATE 2.) +a. Manifestation 

of one’s inmost thoughts; unbosoming. b. The 
or elicit of the inner meaning (of 
anything). ¢. The ing (an enactment or 
statement) of all that gives it value. 
1628 Doxne Serm.(1640)xxiii. 230 Gods laying himself 
his manifestation. . his evisceration and embowelling of him- 
selfe to us there [in heaven]. 183z Coterince Zad/e-t. 27 
Oct., Ifa certain latitude in examining witnesses is. .a neces- 
y mean towards the evisceration of the truth of matters 
of fact. H. R. Reynotps . Vill. The 
practical evisceration or modification of the Mosaic fegisla- 
tion by carnal or ceremonial additions. 1880 STANEy £ss., 
Subscription (1889 179 A form of subscription which, after 
the evisceration of the old form, contains nothing of a safe- 
guard and something of an offence. 1880 E. Wuire Cert. 
Relig. 54 The enormous labour of evisceration expended 
upon their writings by the Unitarian commentators, 

Bvitable (evitab'l), a. [ad. L. coiabilis avoid- 
Evite v. Cf. F. &vitadle.] 
That admits of being avoided; avoidable. (Now 
chiefly in negative contexts.) 

1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. xix. 218 By 
necessyte euytable or not. ¢1gss Haresrintp Hen. V/// 
(1878) 110 Wherefore necessity only, though it be evitable, 
is sufficient to procure a dispensation, 1597 Hooker £cc/. 
Pol. v. (1617) ad Of two such euils, being not both euitable, 
the choice of the lesse is not euill. 1665 Boyte Occas. Refi. 
i. i. (1675) roo How many evitable Mischiefs our own Appe- 
tites or Vices expose us to. 1803 W. TayLor in Ann. Kev. 
I. 31 So much evitable difficulty, so much fruitless expendi- 
ture is incurred by every new enterprize. 1836 A. WALKER 
Beauty in Woman 36 The scarcely evitable consequence of 
great fortune. will ever be the ruin of the rich. 

+ E-vitate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. evitat- ppl. 
stem of évitare: see EvitE v.] trans. To avoid, 
shun; = EvITE v. 

1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 409 Many other 
thinges .. left out for to euitate tediousness. 1598 SHaks. 
Merry W. v. v. 241 She doth euitate and shun A thousand 
irreligious cursed houres. Frorio Montaigne (1634) 518 
Whereas honest men profit the c wealth in v4 
th lves to be imitated, I shall happily benefit the same, 
in making my selfe to be evitated. 1775 in Asn. 

ita‘tion (evita-fon). [a. L. evitation-em, n. 
of action f. @itare: see Evite v.] The action of 
avoiding or shunning ; avoidance, shirking. 

1626 Bacon Sy/za § 293 In all Bodies, there is an Appetite 
of Union, and Evitation of Solution of Continuity. 1655-60 
Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 479/2 Election of things con- 


venient, and_Evitation of their Contraries. 1790 Pacey 
| Horx Paul. i. 7 In the first of these [a phal epistles] I 
found, as I expected, a total evitation circumstances. 


| ought t’ evite 


1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. xvii. U1. 172 The 
Englishman Pole..true to his destiny of evitation, had 
declined the toils and honours of the Papacy. 

E-vite, sé. [f. Zve the first woman+-iTr. Cf. 
ApamitE.} A name humorously applied to a 
woman wearing little clothing. 

1713 Appison in Guardian No. 134 ? 6 There being so 
many in all Public Places, who show so great an Inclination 
to be Evites. /did. No. 142 That the Evites daily increase, 
and that fig-leaves are shortly coming into fashion. 

Evite (ivait), v. arch. [ad. F. dviter, ad. L. 
evitare, f. & out + vitdre to shun.) trans. To 
avoid, shun, (In 18-19th c. almost peculiar to 
Scotch writers.) 

1503 Sheph. Kalender viii, When they would evite and 
eschue the wonderful blasts of the wind, they plunged into 
the water. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke bard 
You must also evite all cibaryes which cause heate, 
spices. wARLES Ewrbd, 1, viii. (1718) 33 What we 

our disease, we hug as our delight. 1697 
W. CLELAND Poems 79 (Jam.) We're obleidg’d in conscience, 
Evill’s appearance to evite. a@1746 Mactaurin Algebra 
(ed. 4) 265 In order to know how to evite this absurdity let 
us suppose [etc.}. 1814 Scorr Wav. xiv, Balmawhapple 
could not. .evite giving satisfaction to both, 1834 Witson in 


Blackw. Mag. XX XV. 1005 The only position in which we 
could have evited death. 1889 Stevenson Master of Bai- 


lantrae xii. 314 Others. .were scarce able to support his 
neighbourhood—Sir William eviting to be near him, 

ence Evi'ting 7v//. sb., the action of the verb 
Evire; avoiding, avoidance. 


1541 Act 33 Hen, VIII, c. 21 For euiting of such like 
h and abhominabl 1707 Sir a 
Meth, Fencing (1714) 167 Carrying sometimes your sword- 
hand low. .for the better eviting rv adversary’s 


+ Hviternal, a. Obs. Also AEvrreRNat. [f. 
L. aviternus (whence by contraction w/ernus), f. 


L. eviternus (owing to its more obvious con- 
nexion with the etymon avs) was sometimes used to 


» aS 
by eternus.) 


duration (see 
explanation (quot. 1755) is not supported by our 


examples, : 
1596 Firz-Gerrray Sir F.. Drake (1881) 33 Celestiall 
Goddesse, eviternall Fame, Minerva’s daughter by faire 


EVITERNITY. 


Maia’s sonne. 1600 Tourneur Tvansf. Met. Prol. 81 
What pallid spirit tells of strange euents? Of euiternal 
night? 16rx ‘I’, Farnasy Panegyr. Verses in Coryat Crudi- 
ties, Hang monuments of eviternall glory. .to th’ honour of 
Thomas Coryate. 1652 Br. Hatt Myst. Godl. § 9 The 
angels are truly existing, spiritual .. powerful, eviternal 
creatures. 1755 JOHNSON Eviternal, eternal in a limited 
sense; of duration not infinitely but indefinitely long. 


Hence + Evite‘rnally adv. = ETERNALLY. 

1609 Br. Hatt Passion Serm. Wks. (1627) 437 The body 
hangs on the crosse, the soule is yeelded ; the Godhead is 
euiternally vnited to them both. a 1641 Br. Mounracu 
Acts & Mon. 6 The Soule, is an essence .. eviternally sub- 
sisting, and immortall as Angels are. 

Eviternity (‘vitsmiti). [ad. late L. evdter- 
nitas, f. eviternus: see Evrrernau, Cf. OF. 
eviternité.| Eternity of duration; everlastingness. 
(See also quot. 1755.) 

1596-1640 [see A‘virerNity]. 1652 Br. Hari /uvis. 
World (L.), There shall we. .passe our eviternity of blisse in 
lauding and praising .. our Creator. 1656 [J. SerjEANT] 
tr. 7. White's Peripatet. Instit. 329 The notion and differ- 
ence of three Durations is evident : of Time .. of Eternity 
[explicated] when we treated of God : lastly, of Eviternity 
in Intelligences. 1755 Jounson, Eviternity, duration not 
infinitely, but indefinitely long. 1828 D’Israext Chas /, I. 
iii. 33 ‘The questions. . whether his [God’s] eternity was only 
an evi-ternity. 

Evittate (c\vi'teit), a. Bot. [f. E- pref.3+ Virra 
+-ATE2.] Having no vitte or oil-canals ; said of 
the fruit of some umbelliferous plants. 

1866in Treas. Bot. 

Evocable (e'vkab’l), a. [a. F. dvocadble, f. 
évoquer, ad. L. évoc-dre: see EvoKE.] That may 
be called forth. 

Evocate (ewkeit), v. [f. L. dvocdt- ppl. stem 
of 2vocare: see EVOKE.] 

+1. trans. To call forth. Ods. in gen. sense. 

1639 Br. Reynotps Lora’s Supp. xviii, The seed to be 
scattered. .the Sun to evocate and excite the seminal virtue. 
1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 6 The said Arsenical 
bodies. .require..a very dry and warm..air, to melt and 
open the surface of the Earth. .to attract and evocate them 
thence. [Misquoted by Jounson s.v. Evacate.] 

2. To call up (spirits) from the dead, (events) 
from past times. 

1675 J. Smiru Chr. Relig. Appeal u. 10 Thyestes his Ghost 
groans. .when ere that is evocated to attend the pleasure of 
the black Artist. 1732 Stacknouse Hist. Bible v. m1, iii, 
[Saul] thinking there was any efficacy in magical operations 
to evocate the dead. 1817 Byron Let. Murray 15 Feb. in 
Wks. (1846) 175/2 He..goes..toevocate a ghost. 1822 T. 
Taytor Afudeins 277 The ancient Egyptians evocated the 
souls of demons, or angels, and inserted them in sacred 
images. 1827 Sir H. Taytor /saac Comnenus 1. iv, Where 
memory evocates imperial deeds Such as betray’d Britanni- 
cus of old. 1851 G. S. Faser Many Mansions (1862) 392 
note, Here Ulysses evocates the souls of the dead. 

3. nonce-use. To call out (from a house, etc.). 

1834 Beckrorp /¢aly II. 228 Driving to the palace [I] 
evocated the archbishop’s confessor. 

Hence E:vocated, Af. a. 

1816 G. S. Faser Orig. Pagan Idol. II. 350 The evo- 
cated spirits come up. 

Evocation (evokéi‘fan). [ad. L. évocation-em, 
n. of action f. @vocdre: see Evoxr.] The action 
of evoking ; a calling forth or out. 

+1, The calling (of a person) from a specified 
place or association ; (of the spirit) from present 
surroundings. Ods. 

1574 HeLtowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1577) 202 In this 
euocation of Abraham is taught howe needefull it is to.. 
Gods people, to be deuided and drawn from vices. 1612-5 
Br. Hatt Contempl. O. T. xx. ii, The hastie evocation of 
so noted a person, to such a secrecie. @ 1631 Donne Serve. 
cexxi. V. 150 His Night-watchings are Ecstatics and Evoca- 
tions of his Soul into the Presence and Communion of 
Saints. a 1640 Jackson Creed xu. vii, The Greek ’ExxAnota 
[signifies] a society elected or called out. This evocation 
or selection is of divers sorts. 

transf. 1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 448 Our 
spirits and blood, and whatsoever is fluid within us, is called 
out from the internal to the external parts of our bodies. . 
He that can give a possible cause of this evocation and 
swelling [etc.]. : 2 

b. Rom. Antig. The calling upon the gods of 
a besieged city to forsake it and come over to 
the besiegers. 

1656 CowLry Davideis 1v. notes 149 Their solemn Evoca- 
tion of Gods from the Cities which Hey besieged. 1753 in 
Cuampers Cycl. Supp. 1853 De Quincey Ws. (1862) XIV. 
73 The Pagan practice of evocation applied to the tutelary 
deities of such a state, 

+2, = AvocaTION 2, 3. 

1769 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 2/2 If the empress of 
Russia finds no evocation from disturbances at home. .the 
Turkish empire may..fall by the hands of a woman. 1810 
Scotr Let. to W. Hayley 12 July, A number of most un- 
poetical evocations have made me appear very ungrateful. 

3. a. The evoking or calling up a spirit. Const. 
of. }. The formula to be used in evoking a spirit. 

a. 1633 Ames Agst. Cerem. 11. 147 [They] paved the way 
for invocation of Saints in heaven, and evocation of men out 
of Hell. 168: H. More in Glanvill’s Sadducismus Postscr. 
8 She turning her face from Saul, mutters to her self some 

agical form of evocation of Spirits. 1843 Blackw. Mag. 
LIV. 675 The rapidity of her evocation was most surprising, 
as M. de Cagliostro had no idea of the person I should 
desire him to call up. 1856 R. A. VaucHan A/ystics (1860) 
I. 83 Divination and evocations are practised with increas- 
ing credulity. 

ox, IIT. 


353 


b. 1631 A. B. tr. Raleigh’s Ghost 1, xiii, 208 The like 
Negromantical euocation to be made by Scipio, is read in 
Siluius. 1823 D'Israett Cur. Lit., Dreams Dawn Philos., 
The abbot. .sent three or four leaves stuffed with the names 
of devils, and with their evocations. 

4. The calling out or removal of a cause or 
action from an inferior to a superior court ;= med. 
L. evocatio, Fr. évocation. 

[16x11 Corcr., Evocation, an euocation..also, a calling 
before one by authoritie; a transferring, or remouing of 
causes vnto a higher Court by command of the Judges 
thereof.) 1644 Br. Maxwe.t Prerog. Kings i. 8 Nor can he 
be debarred..by precognition. .or evocation to determine or 
Judge in any thing that concerneth that his Kingdome. 
1682 News fr. France 10 The one [Edict] was that no 
Protestant may have the Relief of an Evocation (or appeal) 
from any Court of Justice. 1694 Fate Jersey vil. 206 
We have a Jurisdiction established among our selves, and 
our Properties secured against vexatious suits and Evoca- 
tions into England. 1759 Hume “ist. Eng. (1818) 1V. 90 
‘The evocation which came a few days after from Rome. 
1791 St. Papers in Ann. Reg. 171* The citizens cannot be 
withdrawn from ‘the judges..by any other attributions or 
evocations than those which are determined by the laws. 
1832 in Wesster. 1862 S. Lucas Secularia 363 Other mat- 
ters..were from time to time withdrawn from the ordinary 
tribunals, and by a process of evocation transferred to the 
Council. : ; 

5. a. The action of evoking or calling forth into 
existence or activity; an instance of the same. 


Const. of. Also concr. 

1775 Harris Philos. Arrangent. (1841) 259 There is no 
one..who imagines .. every recent production ..to be an 
absolutely fresh creation. .an evocation of something out of 
nothing. 1822 Dr Quincey Confess. (1862) 84 Magical 
power of evocation which Christianity has put forth. 1845 
R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. iv. (ed. 2) 84 You have caused 
him who was created a thinking being, tothink, You have 
done reverence to the Father of spirits in the evocation of 
that spirit. 1861 MeCaut Adds to Faith v. 215 The evoca- 
tion of light is the prominent object of the first day’s work. 
188 E. Mutrorp Republic of God viii. 173 The faith which 
is the gift and the evocation of this revelation. 1887 GLap- 
STONE in Tes 6 Sept. 12/3 There is a growing necessity 
for the cultivation of local resources. .the evocation of which 
will be a most healthy proceeding. 

b. With reference to the Platonic theory of 
recollection (dvapynos): A calling up of know- 
ledge acquired in a previous state of existence. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. Vo Rdr. Aiij a, We could be 
content with Plato, that knowledge were but Remembrance}; 
that Intellectual acquisition were but Reminiscentiall 
evocation. 1865 Grote Plato I. xix. 530 This magical 
evocation of knowledge from an untaught youth. 

+6. Gram. (See quots.) Ods. 

1612 Brinstey Pos, Parts (1669) 27 Every Vocative case is 
of the second Person..by a figure called Evocation. . Be- 
cause 7% or Vos are understood in every Voc. case. 1657 
J. Situ Myst. Rhet. 190 Evocation is an immediate Re- 
duction of the third person either to the first or second. 
1678-96 Puitiirs Lvocation, in Grammar it is a figure of 
Construction, being a reducing of the third Person, either 
to the first or second ; as Ego tux delici# istuc veniam. 

Evocative (¢vpkativ, evokeitiv), a. [ad. L. 
évocativ-us, f. evocare: see Evocats.] Tending 
to call or draw forth. Const. of. 

1687 Tomiinson Rexon’'s Disp. 160° Gargarismes..whose 
faculty is either levative, or repressive, or evocative. 1855 
Baitey Mystic 61 At his will-fraught and evocative word, 
The strange star brightened largelier. 1881 Bvt. Q. Rev. 
Jan., The soul of good in things evil which has proved. .so 
evocative of some of the least natural graces, so productive 
of spiritual energy. 

Evocator (e'vokeita1). [a. L. évocator, agent-n. 
f. évocare: see EvocatE.] One who evocates or 
evokes ; esp. one who evokes or calls up a spirit. 

1794 T. Taytor Pausanias 1. 305 [He]iwent to Phigalea, 
to the Arcadian evocators of souls. 1817 Byron Manfred 
11, ii. 188 He..roused The Arcadian Evocators to compel 
The indignant shadow to depose her wrath. 1835 Blackw. 
Mag. XXXVIIL. 647 Imagination. .like an olden Evocator 
rears The gorgeous phantoms of forgotten years. 

Evocatory (zvg'kateri),a. [ad. late L. evocatorz- 
us, f. 2vocare: see Evocate and -ory.] Having 
the function of evoking or calling forth. 

1711 Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 266 Satan.. Saw an 
old Clinick breathing out his last, And his evocatory Fiends 
enjoin’d Whom he to tare away his Soul assign’d. . 1817 tr. 
Dubois’ People of India xi, The Mantras..are of various 
sorts, invocatory, evocatory, deprecatory, conservatory. 

Evoca‘trix. vare—!. [a. L. *évocatrix, fem. of 
évocdtor: see Evocator.] A female evocator ; 
a woman who calls up spirits. 

1847 De Quincey Protestantism Wks. VIII. 138 She was 
an Evocatrix, or female necromancer, evoking phantoms 
that stood in some unknown relation to dead men. 

|| Evoe, zzz. (sb.) Also evohe. [a. L. evoe, 
more correctly eva, euha, a. Gr. evor] The 
Bacchanalian exclamation ‘ Evoe!’ 

1586 Praise of Mus. 6 Those dronken euohes and howl- 
inges. 1819 SHELLEY Prometh. Unb. 11.iii. 9 Like Mzenads 
who ge ee Evoe! Evoe! 1830 CartyLe AZisc. (1872) 
III. 2 The earth is giddy with their clangour, their evohes. 
+ Evoi'd, v. Sc. Ods. Also 6 evode. [ad. 
OF. evudder (mod.F. évider), f. & out + vader, 
f. vuide (Fr. vide) Vorn.] trans. To clear out, 
empty out, remove, get rid of. 

1533 BELLENDEN Livy v. (1822) 424 He maid thame [the 
army] to evode all dredoure, takand na fere of inemyis. 
1836 — Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. vii, Thay wald nevir evoid 
the displeseir..out of thair hertis. 

Evoir, obs. form of Ivory, 


EVOLUTE. 


Evoke (‘viwk), v. [ad. Fr. évoguer, ad. L, 
fvoc-Gre, f. & out + vocare to call.] 

1. ¢rans. To call forth ; esp. to summon up (spirits, 
etc.) by the use of magic charms, 

1623-6 Cockeram, Euoke, to call forth. 1774 Warton 
Hist, Eng, Poetry xxxiii. (1840) 11.509 The only. .use of this 
character is..to evoke the Devil, and summon the court. 
Ibid. \xi. (1840) III, 399 To evoke the Queen of the Fairies 
in the solitude of a cork grove. 1822 Lanpor C*¢. 
Julian Wks. 1846 II. 503 If only warlike spirits were 
evoked By the war-demon. 1871 Tynpati Fragm. Sc. 
(ed. 6) II. ii. 15 It is a monster thus evoked that we see 
stalking abroad. 

2. transf. and fig. a. In various associations, 
with more or less obvious allusion to magical 
operations. 

1749 Warsurton Lett. (1809) 13, I had no sooner 
evoked the name of Shakespear from the. . former editions 
than a crew of strange devils..come chattering. .round 
about me. 1757 Hurp Ox Marks of Imitation, Johnson 
evokes Fancy out of her cave of cloud. 1844 Emerson Lect. 
Yung. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II.'293 Railroad iron is a magi- 
cian’s rod..to evoke the sleeping energies of land and water. 
1868 STANLEY HWesti. Ad. i. 21 On his way he evoked with 
his staff the two springs of the Island. , : 

b. To call (a feeling, faculty, manifestation, 
etc.) into being or activity. Also, To call up 
(a memory) from the past. 

1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 70 
The ambition to create value evokes every kind of ability. 
1866 Max Miter C/ifs (1880) III. vii. 183 He rather 
likes now and then to evoke a smile. 1877 Browninc La 
Saisiaz (1878) 82 Be this, sad yet sweet, the sole Memory 
evoked from slumber! 1879 CarpENnTer JZent. Phys. 1. 1. 
§ 16. 18 Unable to evoke a respondent movement from the 
exhausted Muscles. A 

8. To summon (a cause) from an inferior to a 
superior tribunal (cf. AVOKE). 

1782 Carte Hist. Eng. 111. 474 marg., The conference at 
York evoked to London. 1839 Kricuttey //ist. Eng. II. 10 
She protested against the competency of the court, as the 
cause had been evoked to Rome by the Pope. 1851 Hussry 
Papal Power i. 5 Authority to evoke causes to Rome. 

Hence Evoked ///. a. ; Evo'ker, one who or that 
which evokes ; Evorking v0/. s., the action of the 
vb. EVoKE. 

1849 S. R. Maittanp J/ustr. Mesmerisi 1. 49 Where do 
we read about magic circles, and evoked fiends, black 
cats,etc.? 1845 Moztey £ss. (1878) I. 121 An evoker of all 
his cleverness and ready wit. 1853 De Quincey A wtobiog. 
Sk. Wks. I. 27 The playfulness of the scene is the very 
evoker of the solemn remembrances that lie hidden below. 
1848 W. H. Key tr. L. Blanc’s Hist. Ten. Y. 11. 189 The 
evoking of this famous and terrible name provoked scandal. 

+ E-volate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. evolat- ppl. 
stem of évoldre, f. & out+voldre to fly.] utr. 
To fly forth or away. 

1657 Tomiinson Renon's Disp. 369 Flowers..at length 
evolating in dawen. 

+ Evola‘tic, a. Ods.—° [f. L. evolat- ppl. stem 
of evolare (see prec.) + -Ic.] ‘Flying abroad’. 
Bailey (folio, 1730-6). 

1775 in Asu ; hence in mod. Dicts. 

T Evola-tical, Qs Olse=2) = prec: 

1686-81 in BLounr Glossogy. 1721-1800 in BatLey; hence 
in mod. Dicts. 

+ Evola‘tion. Ols. Also 7 in bad form 
evolition. [ad. late L. evolation-em, n. of action 
f. volare: see Evouate.] The action of flying 
out or away. 

1 Br. Haut Free Prisoner § 7 (T.) These walls of flesh 
forbid that evolation [of the soul]. 1645 — Remedy Discon- 
tents, How did he triumph over your cruelty? how did he 
by his happy evolation make all those stones precious ? 
1664 EveLyn Sylva (1776) 31 Forest trees and woods.. 
hinder the necessary evolition of this superfluous moisture. 
1669 J. Rose Eng. Vineyard (1675) 22 Salts and spirits 
which a more moderate fire would preserve from evolition 
and flying away. 

+ Evo'luble, 2. Obs. vare—'. [fas ifad. L. 
*syolibilis, f. evolvére: see EvoLve. Cf. VOLUBLE.] 
Rolling swiftly away. c ek 

1667 H. More Div. Dial. (1713) 558 That Life which is 
consumed by an evoluble succession. are 

Evolute (evolit), a.and sd. [ad. L. evolit-us, 
pa. pple. of évo/vére to roll out: see EVOLvE.] 

A. adj. 


qj. 
a. Evolute curve=B.1. b. (See quot. 1835.) 

1796 Hutton Math. Dict. 1. 453/t s.v-, The values of the 
absciss and ordinate of the Evolute curve EC. 1828 — 
Course Math. 11. 351 Any radius of curvature. .isa tangent 
to the evolute curve at the point F, 1835 LinpLey Introd. 
Bot. (1848) 11. 65 Exorhizie evolute, or fully developed. 

B. 56. 

1. Math. A curve which is the locus of the 
centres of curvature of another curve (its 7volute), 
or the envelope of all its normals. Radius of the 
Evolute, Imperfect Evolute (see quots. 1751). 

The end of a stretched thread unwound from the evolute 
will trace the involute ; hence the names. 

1730-6 in Batcey (folio), 175% Cuampers Cyci. s.v., The 
suites of the Evolute is the part of thegbhread comprised be- 
tween any point where it is a tangenf to the evolute, and 
the correspondent point where it terminates in the new curve. 
Ibid., Imperfect Evolute .. This curve would be a sort of 
evolute, and would have its radii; but an imperfect evolute, 
since the radii are not perpendicular to the first curve. 
18s2 G. Satmon Higher Plane Curves 110 If we take a 


fourth harmonic to the tangent and the lines joining its 
45 


EVOLUTILITY. 


point of contact to two fixed ase we shall have a line 
which may be called the quasi-no , and its envelope will 
bea the at A ge Es Nature No. 
. 571 takes t form, rOXI~ 
iF of ta sched vacoliges 1882 Rin A now 
ledge 24 Nov. 423 The evolute of a circle is a point—the 
circle’s centre. evolute of a straight line is either of 
the we at infinity in direction icular to the line. 

4] 2. Erroneously used for Invotute. Also aétrib. 
in evolute-cog, a cog the two sides of which are 
involutes of circles. 

1812-6 Prayrair Nat. Phil. (1819) 1. 81 One of the curves 
there pro) [for the teeth of wheels] is the evolute of the 
circle. 1860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 140 A wheel, having 
on its circumference a series of a. 

8. The developed surface, ‘development’, of a 
cone or cylinder. rare. 

1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 60 note, The fi 
formed would become a kind of evolute of the sur! 


whole building. : ee 

Evolutility (évpliatiliti). [f. L. coolat- (ppl. 
stem of evolvére: see Evonve. Cf. contractility.) 
“The faculty possessed by all substances which are 
capable of self-nourishment to manifest the nutri- 
tive acts by changes of form, or of volume, or of 
structure’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Evolution (evoli#-fan, zvoli#-fon). [ad. L. 
évolition-em (recorded in the sense ‘ unrolling of 
a book’), n. of action f. @wolvére: see EVOLVE. 
Cf. Fr. &volution. The pronunciation (7vé-) is 
not sanctioned by any Dict., but is now somewhat 
common.] 

I. The process of unrolling, opening out, or 
disengaging from an envelope. 

1. The opening out or unfolding of what is 
wrapped up (e.g. a roll, a bud, etc.) ; fig. the 
spreading out before the mental vision (of a series 
of objects) ; the appearance in orderly succession 
of a long train of events. Also concr. ‘the series 
of things unfolded or unrolled’ (J.). 

1647 H. More Poems 150 Evolution Of outward forms 
spread in the worlds vast spright. 1667 — Diz. Dial. i. $15 
The whole evolution of..ages, from everlasting to everlast- 
ing, is..represented to God at once. 1678 Cupwortn /nted/. 
Syst. 878 The Periods of Divine Providence, here in this 
World, are commonly Longer, and the Evolutions thereof 
Slower. 1742 Youne N+, Th, tv. 510 Beyond long ages, yet 


re thus 
e of the 


roll’d up in shades..What evolutions of surprising fate! | 
1762 — Resignation. xxxvi, Flowers..When ev’ningdamps | : * e 
| plants, as conceived by those who attribute it to 


and shades descend, Their evolutions close. 1759 JOHNSON 
Idler No 70 ® 11 He whose task is to reap and thresh will 
not be contented without examining the evolution of the 
seed. 1843 G.S. Faner Sacred Cal. Proph. (1844) I. p. xv, 
The evolution of time has served only to confirm me in.. 
the honest persuasion, that, etc. 

2. Emergence or protrusion from the folds of an 
envelope. Frequent in Bzo/. 

1762 Hupson in PAil. Trans. LII. 500 Our author asserts, 
‘That every Fungus is contained in an entire and perfect 
state. .in the egg, or as it is called, the seed, and wants no- 
thing but evolution, in order to imbibe the necessary juices. 
1800 Med. F¥rni. 111. 5, I determined to leave Nature un- 
disturbed, to effect the evolution of the child. 1817 T. 
Say Hessian Fly, Entom. Wks. 1859 II. 7 The specious 
circumstance of its evolution from the pupa itself of the 
destroying larva. 1887 Gray's Anat. (ed. Pike) 85 The 
first appearance of the eye consists in the protrusion or evo- 
lution from the medullary wall of the. .interbrain of a vesicle. 

3. The process of evolving, disengaging, or giving 
off (gas, heat, light, sound, etc.) ; an instance of 
this process. 

1806 Med. ? deca XV. 289 A powerful evolution of the 
muriatic acid is painful and dangerous, 18:6 J. Smitu 
Panorama Sc. & Art 11. 278 Two dissimilar metals are not 
essential to the evolution of galvanism. 1839 G. Biro Nat. 
Philos. 138 The evolution of musical sounds during the 
cooling of heated metals. 1875 Lyett Princ. Geol. II. 1. 
xxxii. 214 There is a constant evolution of heat and light. 
1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 82 Decomposed by the acid with 
the evolution of carbonic acid gas. i A 

4. Math. a. Geom. The unfolding or opening 
out of a curve: +(a.) the straightening it out, 
through all intermediate degrees of curvature, till 
it becomes a straight line; (4.) the production 
from it of an involute, such as would be traced by 
the end of a stretched flexible thread unwound 
from the outside of the curve. 

1700 Phil. Trans. XXII. 445 By the Equable Evolution 
of a Circle, I mean such a gradual approach of its Periferie 
to Rectitude, as that all its ore! do together and equally 
evolve or unbend. 1727-51 CuAmbers Cyc/., Evolution, in 
g , the unfolding, or opening of a curve, and makin 
it gamete an evolvent. 1828 Hurron Course Math. 111. 
352 To determine the nature of the curve by whose evolu- 
tion the common parabola AB is described. 

b. Avith. and Alg. The extraction of any root 
from any given power; the reverse of involution. 

1706 in Puitwips (ed. Kersey). 1734 Builder's Dict., Evo- 
dution, The Extraction of Roots out of Powers. 1806 
Hutton Conrse Math. 1. 200 Evolution is .. the method 
of finding the square root, cube root, etc., of rk ‘iven 
quantity. bgp Suc Arith, & Algebra (ed. 8 262 

‘volution is the in of Inyolution; being the method of 
fieding any root of a given quantity. é 

5. The process of evolving, developing, or work- 
ing out in detail, what is implicitly or potentially 
contained in an idea or principle; the develop- 
ment of a design, argument, etc. 


854 
Hate Prim. Orig. Man. m. ii. 259 It must have po- 
cutlllhy as loess tha woke & of Humane Nature, or 
at least that Ideal Principle .. thereof, in evolution 
whereof the 


design, sometimes and and 
somuieas levity and laughter. 1774 J. Bavaxr Mythol. 1. 


and fair evolution. 
Sotheby's Catal. May 1890), I had arrived at this 


—— 


Mental evolution is a progressive composition of units 
in more and more complex forms. /éid., Mr. Spen- 
cer’s elaboration of the subject of social evolution has not 
been far 1883 A. Barratr Phys. Metem- 
piric 32 The laws of Evolution ly to both universes .. a 
universe of forces, a universe of conscious 


d from the simple to the 


by necessary evolution from the First Principle of my 
Philosophy. 1870 R. W. Date Week-day Serm. Pi esSoms 
slip in the ution of an argument. 1878 Simpson Sch. 
Shaks. 1. 140 A chorus is introduced to make up for the 
want of dramatic evolution. 

b. concr. The result of this process. 

1820 Corertnce Let. C. A. Tulk (in Sotheby's Catal. 
May 1890), The sensible world is but the evolution of the 
Truth, Love, and Life, or their opposites, in Man. 1856 
- reg deca ond Mystics A! Ly der hers who be- 
lieve emselves organs ce wi SOU! their ems 
an evolution of the Deity. 16a F. Hatt Hinds Phil 
Syst. 55 note, In the Sankhya, happiness, misery, will, and 
activity. .are evolutions from. .the internal organ. 

6. Biol. a. Of animal and bs iam organisms 
or their parts: The process of developing from 
a rudimentary to a mature or complete state. 

1670 Phil. Trans. V.2078 By the word Change [in Insects] 
is nothing else to be understood but a gradual and natural 
Evolution and Growth of the parts. 1745 Neepuam Microsc. 
Disc. Introd. 1 Nature .. ever exerting its Fecundity in a 
successive Evolution of organised Bodies. 1791 E. Darwin 
Bot. Gard. u.8 note, The gradual evolution of the young 
animal or plant from its egg orseed. 1801 Aled. ¥rnd. V. 588 
A series onal on the evolution of the Chick. 1805, 
Ibid. X1V. 336 The formation and evolution of this = of 
the brain. 1839 Jounston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1 
201 Masses of eggs, in different stages of their evolution, 
are met with in the same nest. 

b. Theory of Evolution: the hypothesis (first 
propounded under that name by Bonnet 1762) 
that the embryo or germ, instead of being brought 
into existence by the process of fecundation, is 
a development or expansion of a pre-existing form, 
which contains the rudiments of all the parts of 
the future organism. Also called ‘the theory of 
Preformation’; the latter name is now preferred, 
to avoid confusion with the following sense. 

1831 (see Epicenesis). 1877 Huxtey Encycl. Brit. VIII. 
745- ere A . 

e. The origination of species of animals and 


a process of development from earlier forms, and 
not to a process of ‘special creation’, Often in 
phrases Doctrine, Theory of Evolution. 

1832 Lye. Princ. Geol. 11, 11 The testacea of the ocean 
existed first, until some of them by gradual evolution, were 
improved into those inhabiting the land. 1852 H. Spencer 
Developement Hypoth. Ess. (1883) 1. 381 Those who cava- 
lierly reject the Theory of Mvolucion as not adequately 
supported by facts, seem quite to forget that their own 
theory is supported by no facts at all. 1859 Darwin Orig. 
Spec. vii. (1873) 201 At the present day almost all naturalists 
admit evolution under some form. 1863 E. V. Neate Anai. 
Th, & Nat. 185 The diversity of species has arisen by the 
evolution of one species out ofanother, 1881 Sir J. Hooker 
in Nature No. 619. 446 The doctrine of the orderly evolu- 
tion of species under known laws. . 

7. The development or growth, according to its 
inherent tendencies, of anything that may be com- 
pared to a living —— (e.g. of a political 
constitution, science, language, etc.) ; sometimes 
contrasted with revolution. Also, the rise or 
origination of anything by natural development, 
as distinguished from its production by a specific 
act; ‘ growing’ as opposed to ‘ being made’. 

1807 Knox & Jess Corr. I. 367 Its{our British constitution’s} 
tardy evolution bes s something fitter to endure, 
Cuacmers Const. Man (1835)11. vii. 39 When commerce is 
to its own spontaneous evolutions. 1837 Sir F, PALGRAVE 
Merch. & Friar (1844) 138 Our constitutional form of 
government has been juced by evolution. = Grote 
Greece I, xvii. (1862) Il. 431 The same great lution of 
Scythian power. = i Spencer Study Sociol. v. of 
Psychology..deals with the evolution of the faculties .. by 
what processes .. ideas grow from concrete to abstract and 
from simple to complex. 

8. The formation of the heavenly bodies accord- 
ing to the received theory which supposes it to 
have taken place by the concentration and con- 
solidation of cosmic matter. 

1850 Nicnot Archit. Heav. Pt. m1, (titde) Psyche, or Evo- 
lution. Jdid, 239 (heading ZZ page) Universal Evolution, 
1851 /did. (ed. 9) 289 As on Earth, there is [sic] also—ruling 
these high Heavens—vast egos of evolution, 1880 
Havucuton Phys. Geog. i. 2 The idea of the evolution of 
planets is due to € great astronomer. . Laplace, ys 

In recent philosophical speculation used in 

a more comprehensive sense, of which the senses 
6a, 6c, 7, 8 are regarded as special bf perme 

cording to Herbert Spencer, whose views have ly 

influenced not only the technical but also the popular use 


of the word, all the changes in the universe, whether 
material or psychical, are ph either of Evolution or 
of the reverse process of Dissolution; his definition of the 
ae uoted below. 


PENCER Jirst Princ. 1. xvii. § 145 (1875) 396 The 
formula finally stands thus :—Evolution is an integration of 
seitar dissipati apy 
which the matter passes from an indefinite, incoherent 


II. A tactical movement (and derived senses). 
10. Afi. and Naut. The unfolding or opening 
out of a body of troops or squadron of ew oly 
hence ge. any movement or change of position, 
such as counter-marching, wheeling, etc., required 


in the due disposition of a force, whether for re- 
view, or for active 0; ions. ‘ 
1622 F. Marknam War w. viii. 151 if it be to 


figure .. then he 
at least six foote distance .. be 


performe any Evolution or 
obserue . be- 

and another, [1697 P. Hoste (tit/e) 
i Evolutions Na- 


shall see that they 
tweene one H. 


if 
naval armament, in order to put themselves into a proper 
jon fc them- 


naval 4 a8 on : 
1798-7 Instr. & Reg. 
1s 


in I HAMBERS 8. Vv. na 
f. ‘75% 4 » BY 


selves’ with the most advantage. 
Cavalry (1813) 90 This countermarch of each 
evolution of great utility. 1836 Tuietwat Greece II. xv. 

307 The Persian ships were turned by the wind and the 
waves, their evolutions were thwarted. 1853 STocquELER 
Mil. Encycl. s.v.. That evolution is best which, with a 
given number of men, may be executed in the least space. 
1878 Bosw. Smitn Cart. 253 The surrounding country 
was level and suitable to the evolutions of cavalry. 

Jig. x Burke Corr. (1844) I. That versatility, 
those sudden evolutions .. have something derogated from 
the credit of all public professions, 1841 D'Israett Amen. 
Lit. (1867) 580 Jonson’s intense ol ion was micro- 
scopical when turned to the minute evolutions of society. 
1847 Hetrs Friends in C. (1873) I. vii. Evolutions of 
patience and temper are performed at the fireside. 

ll. ¢ransf. A wheeling about ; a movement in 
dancing, gymnastics, etc. Also, one of the regu- 
lated and recurring moyements of a portion of 
a machine. ccutiion “ats 

ax1691 Boyte (J.), The spontaneous i 
little saline od ty was led by almost innumerable 
evolutions. 1770 Lancuorne Plutarch (1879) 1. 79/1 They 
move in an agreeable » perf involu- 
tions and evolutions in a quick measure, tog, J. Baneece 
Dom. Amusem. 41 Clouds. .of a dark brown » floating 
in varied evolutions. 1825 J. Nicnotson Operat. Mechanic 
73 The various evolutions and positions to which every 
revolution of the wheel subjects each eee 1833 J. Hoi- 
Ltanp Manuf. Metals U1. 214 The evolution which 
the bar has to traverse, not being more than one fourth of 
acircle. 1837 New Monthly Mag. LI. 471 Aenea 
of the ballet. . going through her ad: lutions. 1850 
Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xi, Haley. .madehim. .perform 
various evolutions to show his muscles. 

+ b. A winding about, an intricate form. Oés. 

1763 Jounson 5 July in Boswel?, It is not in the showy 
evolutions of bui .. that the wonderful immensity of 
London consists, 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. I. 270 Roots .. 
and sprays are often so fe in their evol as to 
betra: a remote resemblance [to a human fabric]. pr 

Tit. 12. In etymological sense: The action 
of rolling (anything) out on a spindle. rare. 

1880 R. Owen Sanctorale Cathol. 271 From the horrible 
manner of his death by the evolution of his intestines, 
Italians regard him (St. Elmo] as their advocate 
spasmodic pains, 

Evolutional (evdliz-fonal), a. [f. prec. phos 
Of or to evolution ; due to or prod 


Or a aide Phe, Syst. 181 note/The Upani- 
1862 F. Hate 181 a 
shads. .describe Brahma. .as unchangeable; and this notion 
wosld be coptirvenet Sy Ss of his being an 


1S 


material cause. ORLEY Compromise (1886) 209 The 
pe ‘fanari), a, [f. as prec. 
+-ARY. 
1. Of or ing to evolution or development ; 
evoluti 


Worcester cites Eclectic Rev. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. 
255 The bond of continuity which makes man the 
central link between his ancestors and his posterity is evo- 
LeEeaacy ‘The developaneat tnioaghoot ebeve the evela: 
( ) t! A 
no hig in being from the general to the 
b. Of , opinions, methods, etc.: In 
accordance with theory of evolution, Hence 
q ing personal designations : Following evo- 
lutior methods. 

1864 F. Hatt in Wilson tr, Vishnu Purana 111, iy ioe 
lutionary doctrine. 1881 G. ALLEN Vignettes fr. Nat. x. 93 
These self-same. .outer flowers..make the guelder rose so 
c. ye in ree ) 184 Its 

. APPLETON - Relics (1881 i 
Sundae now sa’ Cte guage. wear Ro. 
anes in Nature 


in Worcester. 1861 J. H. Macponatp Evolu it. 
Batfadin 8 The at bjt ofa evluionary gperations i 
the field .. is to move towards the enemy. A & 
Navy Gaz. 23 July 570/2 The French Evolutionary squadron 


EVOLUTIONISM. 


will visit Oran..Algiers, etc. 1890 Daily News 9 May 5/6 
The evolutionary grounds on which the special review is to 
be held. .cover a magnificent area of level steppe. 

Evolutionism (evolidfoniz’m). ia as prec. 
+ -IsM.] The theory of evolution or develop- 
ment. 

1869 Huxtey in Sci. Ofix. 28 Apr. 487/1 The three 
schools of geological speculation which I have termed 
Catastrophism, Uniformitarianism, and Evolutionism. 1872 
E. Fry in Sfectator 21 Sept. 1201 Evolutionism does not 
propose to explain the unfolding of life out of dead matter. 
x Dawson Earth § Man xiv. 348 Evolutionism .. ex- 
cluded creation and theism. 

Evolutionist (evoli#fanist). [as prec. + -1s7.] 

1. One who upholds the doctrine of evolution ; 
an adherent of evolutionism. 

1859 DarwWIN Orig. Sec. vii. (1873) 189 It is admitted by 
most evolutionists that mammals are descended from a 
marsupial form. 1873 Dawson Zarth § Max xiv. 349 The 
evolutionist is really in a position of absolute antagonism 
to the idea of creation. 

b. attrib. or adj. 

1877 Dawson Orig. World xv. 338 The prevalence of the 
evolutionist agangas 1882 Atheneum 24 June 789/2 
Right conduct on evolutionist principles can only be such 
conduct as is in accord with the conditions of social vitality. 

2. An advocate of the theory of ‘ Evolution’, as 
opposed to Epigenesis. Cf. EvoLurion 6 b. 

1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. §& Darw. 45 The vehement dis- 
pute. .between Evolutionists and Epigenists. 

3. One skilled in evolutions. 

1864 in WessTER; and in mod. Dicts. 

Evolutionistic (e:vélizfoni'stik), a. [f. prec. 
+-10.] a. Tending to support the doctrine of 
evolution, {| b. Tending to produce evolution. 

1883 Daily News 21 Sept. 6/1 The address was a striking 
array of facts, all evolutionistic in their character. 1885 C. 
Dixon in Nature XXXII1. 128 Nor do I consider it fair.. 
to infer that isolation, etc., do not explain the cause of 
variation, and therefore that they fail as evolutionistic 
agents. 

Evolutionize, v. rare. [f. Evotvuvion +-12x.] 
trans. To develop by evolution. 

Hence Evolu'tionized /#/. a. 

1883 Westm. Rev. July 273 Our knowledge of evolution- 
ized human nature. 1885 Brit. § For. Evang. Rev. July 
436 Those who speak of angels do not speak of them as 
evolutionised men. nee 

Evolutive (e'voliztiv), a. [f. L. eoli- ppl. 
stem of évoluére: see Evotve.] Pertaining or 
tending to evolution or development ; promoting 
evolution. 

1874 Lewes Problems Life & Mind 1.112 The special 
evolutive conditions, namely, etc. 1883 Nature 15 Feb. 367 
The life of the sieve tubes may be divided into 2 periods ; 
the evolutive and the passive. 1886 F. Myers in Phantasms 
of the Living \. Introd. 43 We have induced [by hypnotism] 
a change of personality which is not fer se either evolutive 
or dissolutive. : 

Evolvable (ivg'lvab’l), z Also -ible (-ib’l). 
[f. next +-ABLE.] That may be evolved; capable 
of being drawn out or developed. 

1869 Browninc Ring § Bk., Pope 231 Truth. .lies..every- 
where, in these, Not absolutely in a portion, yet Evolvible 
from the whole. 1888 J. I. SwaNnvER in AM/icrocosm(N. Y.) 
Oct., Setting free that substantial form of force—either 
light or electricity—evolvable by these respective processes. 

Evolve (ivp'lv), v. [ad. L. evolvé-re to roll 
out, unroll, f. 2 out + volvére to roll.) 

1. trans. To unfold, unroll (something that is 
wrapped up); to open out, expand. Almost 


always /ig. 

a@ 1641, 1647 [see Evotven JAZ. a.]._ 1677 Hate Print. Orig. 
Man, 1. i, 31 This little active Principle as the Body in- 
creaseth. .evolveth, diffuseth and expandeth if not his Sub- 
stantial Existence, yet his Energy and Virtue. 1835 I. 
Taytor Spir. Despot. ii. 54 If we wish to see .. the Volun- 
tary Principle fully evolved and ripened under a summer 
heat. 1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855) 67 Mr. Glencoe 
.. would stimulate and evolve the powers of his mind. 1855 
H. Reep Lect. Eng. Lit. vi. (1878) 188 Their condensed 
wisdom may be evolved for new applications. 

+b. diz. To unwind (a thread, also a curved 
line). Ods. rare. 

1730-6 Baitey (folio), Zvolute, the first curve supposed 
to be opened, or evolved, which being opened describes 
other curves. 1796 Hutron Math. Dict., Evolute ..is any 
curve supposed to be evolved or opened, by .. beginning to 
evolve or unwind the thread from the other end, keeping 
the part evolved, or wound off, tight stretched. 1811 — 
Course Math, U1. 334 If AE, BF, etc. be any positions 
of the thread, in evolving or unwinding ; it follows, etc. 

2. To disengage from wrappings, disclose gra- 
dually to view; to disentangle; to set forth in 
orderly sequence. (Only with reference to imma- 
terial objects, though often consciously fig. from 
the phyescnl sense). p 

1664 H. More Myst. /nig. xvii. 63, 1 have not yet evolved 
all the intangling superstitions that may be wrapt up. _1737 
Tuomson To Memory of Ld. Talbot 144 He thro’ the Maze 
of Falsehood urg’d it [the Truth] on, Till, at the last 
evolv’d, it full appear’d. 1744 Akensive Ef. to Curio, Time 
Evolves their secrets, and their guilt proclaims. 1773 
Monsoppo Laxg. I. 1. viii. ror With so many various forms 
and substances, that it is difficult to evolve them and shew 
them by themselves. 1852 Lp. Cocksurn Feffrey I. 189 
Jeffrey’s.. whole opinions and tastes were evolved in these 
articles. 1858 Sears Athaz. 11. ix. 325 The outlines of 
Paul's sy of Pne logy .. have been sufficiently 
evolved in the preceding pages. —__ 


855 


3. Wath. To extract (the root of a number or 
quantity). Cf. Evonurion 4 b. 


1810 Hutton Course Math. 1, 202 To Evolve or Extract 
the Roots of Surd Quantities. 

4. To give off, emit, as a product of chemical, 
vital, or other internal action; to liberate or dis- 
engage from a state of chemical combination. 

1800 Med. Frn/. 11. 125 The expectorated fluid..may.. 
evolve fetor. 1806 Davy in Phil. Trans. XCVII. 9 The 
fixed alkali is not generated, but evolved, either from the 
solid materials employed, or from saline matter in the water. 
1822 Imison Sc. § Art II. 63 The chlorine will be evolved. 
1844-57 G. Birp Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 80 Nitrogen and 
carbon evolved from the system ..in the form of urea and 
uric acid. 1869 Puituirs Veszzv. iii. 69 In September the 
vapours evolved from Vesuvius grew to be considerable. 

5. To bring out (what exists implicitly or po- 
tentially) : e.g. to educe (order from confusion, 
light from darkness, etc.) ; to deduce (a conclusion, 
law, or principle) from the data in which it is 
involved; to develop (a notion) as the result of 
reflection or analysis; to work out (a theory or 
system) out of pre-existing materials. 

1831 CARLYLE Sart, Res. (1858) 47 An English Editor, en- 
deavouring to evolve printed Creation out ofa German printed 
and written Chaos. 1851 Hussey Papal Power iii. 172 New 
claims of authority .. were gradually evolved from the doc- 
trine of the Supremacy. 1859 Mici Liéerty (1865) 30 Other 
ethics than any which can be evolved from exclusively Chris- 
tian sources. 1864 Bowen Logic viii. 262 The particular 
instances are first stated as facts, and then the law they 
constitute is evolved. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. vii. 296 
The idea of a subject-pronoun was evolved last of all. 1883 
Mrs. Prunketr in Harper's Mag. Jan. 241/2, I evolved a 
satin-covered heart-shaped Christmas leaf. 

6. Of circumstances, conditions, or processes : 
To give rise to, produce by way of natural con- 
sequence. 

1851 Loncr. Gold. Leg. 1. Castle Vaultsberg, The new 
diseases that human life Evolves in its progress. 1866 
Huxtey PAys. x. (1872) 236 The simple sensations which 
are thus evolved. 1868 Heirs Realmah xvii. (1876) 476 
New felicities—evolved in each representation, 1879 Sfec- 
tator 7 June 719 That habits of gregariousness tend event- 
ually to evolve a morality. 

7. To develop by natural processes from a more 
rudimentary to a more highly organized condi- 
tion; to originate (animal or vegetable species 
by gradual modification from earlier forms; in 
wider sense, to produce or modify by ‘ evolution ’. 
(See Evonution 6-9). Chiefly in fass. without 
reference to an agent. 

1832 LyeLt Princ. Geol. u. i. 14 The orang-outang, having 
been evolved out of a monad, is made slowly to attain the 
attributes and dignity of man. 1837 Sir F, PatGrave 
Merch. § Friar (1844) 204 Was the first Ichthyosaurus 
gradually evolved from some embryo substance? 1849 Mur- 
CHISON Siluria ii. (1867) 23 Lying upon them, and therefore 
evolved after them, other strata succeed. 1873 H. Spencer 
Study Sociol. v. 102 Societies are evolved in structure and 
function as in growth, 1881 SoLLAs in Sczence Gossip No. 
202. 217 The organism .. was evolved in the course of ages 
from some simpler form of life. 1884 E. P. Ror in Harfer's 
Mag. Apr. 737/2 If God .. chooses to evolve His universe, 
why shouldn’t He? 

8. zntr. for refl. in various of the above senses: 
To open out, expand; to come gradually into 
view ; to arise by way of natural or logical con- 
sequence ; to be developed by ‘ evolution’. 

1799 S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (1836) I. 1v. iv. 288 When 
great political exigencies evolve. .they are usually as much 
distinguished by the rise of sublime characters. 1800 A. 
Car.yLe Axtobiog. 488 The excellence of that character 
which gradually evolved on his admiring countrymen. 1827 
G. S. Faser Sacred Cal. Proph. (1844) I. 201 ‘hen come 
the days of blessedness, which both Daniel and John de- 
scribe as evolving. .in the course of the present visible sub- 
lunary world. 1849 C. BrontEé Shirley v. 57 May feel ripe 
to evolve in foliage. 1863 W. Puitiirs Speeches ix. 235 
Everything else will evolve fromit. 1879 H. Spencer Data 
of Ethics g 104. 269 How does mechanical science evolve 
from these experiences? 1881 Student II. 35 A tree evolves 
in obedience to his [God’s] laws. 

Evolved (‘velvd), p7. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] 
+a. Unfolded, opened up, made manifest or clear 
(0bs.). b. Developed; developed by evolution. 

a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts §& Mon. (1642) 172 Speaking 
so plaine and in evolved termes. 1647 H. More Song of Sou 
U. lii. 1v. xi, Evolved reason cannot stand at one Stoutly to 
guard thy soul from passion. 1857 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Poets 
II. 268 The best efforts of mind are those which are purely 
self-evolved.: 1884 H. Spencer in 19th Cent. XV. 12 By 
future more evolved intelligences, the course of things now 
apprehensible only in parts may be apprehensible all to- 
gether. 1887 Spectator 29 Oct. 1456 Inorganic matter, like 
water, which is not an evolved product. — 

Hence + Evo'lvedly adv., explicitly, in express 
terms. 

a1641 Br. Mountacu Acts § Mon, (1642) 77 In none of 
them [the Prophets] was it plainly, directly, evolvedly said 
and foretold, that, etc. . 

Evolvement (‘vp lvmént). [f. Evotve v. + 
-MENT.] The action of evolving, the condition of 
being evolved ; evolution. 

1845 Stocqurter Handbk, Brit. India (1854) 168 India 
owes to its exertions..the evolvement of the products of a 
soil unrivalled for its richness, 1852 Blackw. Mag. LXXI. 
596 Eyes, heart, mind, all fixed on the wondrous .. evolve- 
ment of the story. 1866 Eng. Leader 22 Dec. 352 Jesus .. 
showed that he aspired at an evolvement, and not..a revo- 


EVULGATE. 


lution, though historically and philosophically it may be 
igh 7s that the only real revolutions are evolvements, 1883 

. WRIGHT in 19th Cent. No. 72. 280, I am in a position to 
speak. .not..from any process of evolvement from an inner 
consciousness but from personal knowledge. 

b. concr. in g/. The displayed folds (of a banner). 

1849 Jane Porter Scot. Chiefs (1854) 156 As its vast 
evolvements floated in the air, the cry of triumph .. burst 
from every heart. 

Evolvent (‘velvént), 2. and sb. A/ath. [ad. 
L. Gwolvent-em, pr. pple. f. evolvere : see EVoLvE.] 

A. adj. That evolves. +£volvent line : the right 
line (the tangent to the evolute), the extremity 
of which is the locus of the involute. B. sé. 
1. The involute of a curve. 2. (See quot. 1862.) 

1708 tr. Gregory’s Prop. Catenaria in Misc. Cur. 11. 236 
The Evoluent Line UF is a third Proportional to AC and 
CB. 1727-51 CuampBers Cycél., Evolvent, in geometry .. 
the curve resulting from the evolution of a curve; in con- 
tradistinction to the evolute. 1796 in Hurron J/ath. Dict. 
1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. Introd. 9 note, ‘ Origi- 
nant’ might answer, or ‘evolvent’ [for prakrit:]; aud 
‘originate’ or ‘evolute’ for vikriti. 1882 E. B. Cowett in 
tr. Sarva-darsana-samgraha 221 That which is evolvent 
only [zo¢e, I borrow this term from Dr. Hall.]. 

volver (évglvo1). [f. Evotve v. + -Er!.] 
One who, or that which, evolves. 

1803 W. Taytor in Aun. Rev. 1.398 They may be..useful 
as seminaries of instruction, useful as evolvers of merit. 
1825 CoLeripce in Reve. (1836) Il. 345 The fates, the 
evolvers of the endless thread. 1883 Monier-WILLIAMS 
Relig. Th. in India ili. 44 The male god Brahma... the ap- 
parent Evolver of all the inferior forms. 

Evolvible: see EVoLvVaBLE. 

Evolving (‘velvin), vd/. sd. [f. Evotve + 
-InG1,] The action of the vb. Evotvr; an instance 
of the same. Also aétrid. 

1831 Farapay ZZ. Res. xlvii. 333 This evolving and in- 
volving motion continues. 1890 A thenwum 8 Feb. 184/2 He 
by himself planned everything, and gods, men, and things 
came into existence from his evolvings. 

Evolving, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 

1. That evolves; in quots. eztv. a. Opening 
b. issuing forth, emitted. 

1720 Prior Solomon m1. Poems 1723 I. 187 Ambrosial 
Odor .. Does round the Air evolving Scents diffuse. 1773 
J. Ross #ratricide (MS.) v. 800 Thou shalt quit Thy earthy 
prison, and evolving Heaven Shall snatch thee, 

2. That is in process of evolution. 

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. xix. § 149 (1875) gor The 
genesis of the re-arrangement undergone by every evolving 
aggregate, is in itself one. 1883 H. DrumMonp Nat. Law 
in Spir. W. (ed. 8) 244 The evolving batrachian. 1888 Pa/Z 
Mall G. 2 Sept. 3/1 This evolving town council was a 
purely native growth. 

|| Evolvulus (‘velvieilds). [mod.L., f. evolvcre 
(see EvontvE). Cf. Convotvubus.] Zot. A genus 
of the Nat. Order Convolvilacew, containing about 
60 species, natives chiefly of tropical America. 

Xu 7, in Craic. 1866 7reas. Bot., Evoluulus..bear entire 
usually small nearly sessile leaves, and small flowers, etc. 
1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Evo'me, v. Ods. [ad. L. evome-re: see next.] 
= next. /7t. and fig. 

¢ 1450 AMiirour Saluactoun 3446 On the thredde day ther- 
after on the land hym [Jonas] evomed [v. . kest out]. 1524 
St. Papers Hen. V111, V1. 231 He shall at the last, fynding 
tyme and oportunitie, evome and discouer his pestiferous 
intent. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 308 Suddanelie it 
[stomack] will..Evome agane all that it tuik befoir. 

+ Evo'mit, v. Ols. Also 5-6 evomette, -et. 
[f. L. evomdt- ppl. stem of évomdére, f. é- out+ 
vomere to Vomit.] trans. To vomit, throw out, 
eject (the contents of the stomach). Also ¢ransf. 
and jig. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 65 That oper .. be seyde to 
devggre waters and evomette theyme twyes ina day. 1550 
Bal¥ Jiage Both Ch. u. Pref., These hath he not yet all, 
as vnsauerye morsels evometed for Christ, 1578 BANISTER 
Hist. Man v. 82 If any part free from the same elaboration 
[in the spleen]. .it is euomitted in to the Ventricle to a great 
purpose and vse. 1714 J. WyetuH Supp. to Eltwood’s 
Autobiog. (1765) 405 He hath evomitted Floods, not of Re- 
proach only—but of the most malicious Slanders. 

Evomita‘tion, erron. form for Evom1rion, q.v. 

It occurs in some edd. of Swift 7. 7d iv. (see quot. 1704 
in next.) pe vA 

+ Evomi'tion. Ods. [ad. L. *évomition-em, n. 
of action f. 2vomére: see Evomit.] The action of 
vomiting forth. /i7. and /ig. 

1 Gauven Hierasf. Pref. to Rdr. 23 That evomition, or 
Gods spewing this Church of England out of his mouth. 
1661 Lovett //ist. Anim. §& Min, 35 (Cows’ milk] helps 
against the ephemeron or cantharides, causing the evomi- 
tion of the same. 1704 Swirr 7. 7d (ed. 1) iv, He was to 
. receive immediate Benefit either by Eructation or expira- 
tion, or Evomition. 1755 in Jounson; whence in mod. Dicts. 

b. concer. 

1674 Durant in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 221 As it was not 
possible to gather the Evomitions of our Vulcano’s. 

Evonymus: see Evonymus. 

Evorye, evour(e, obs. ff. Ivory. 

te (iva lgeit), v. Obs. or arch. [f. L. 
evulgat- ppl. stem of evuledre, f. & out + vulgare 
to spread among the multitude, f. vz/gus the mul- 
titude.] zvans. To send out among the people, 
make commonly known or public; to divulge ; 
to circulate, publish (a book). 

45—2 


EVULGATION. 
we fas to eee he eee 


in Aun, Rev. IL. 689 Anecdotes..in which many amusing 

iculars occur that had not before been compiled, or at 
least not evulgated here. 1822 Blackw. Mag. X11. 655 
They may permit younger sisters in the craft to evulgate 
what they may have ‘lisped in numbers’, 1831 /raser’s 
Mag. 1V. 177 Haller, in 1732, evulgated the first edition of 


his Swiss poems. 
tion (ivalgéi-fen). Obs. or arch. [f. as 
ifad. L. *2vulgation-em,n. of action f. vulgare : see 
rec.] The action of making commonly known ; 
publishing, publication. ; 

1638 W. ScLater (Jun.) in W. Sclater’s Serm. Exper, To 
Rdr., I was so studious of their Evulgation. 1 in 
Battey (folio). 1786 (¢itde) Advice to the Clergy of every 

omination .. with the Evulgation of the Resolutions of 
a late Congress held in Germany. 1797 W. Taytor in 

Monthly Rev. XXIV. A century and half after the 
evulgation of Roman and Greek literature. 1807 F. WRaNc- 
HAM Serm. on Transt. Script. 3 Rebellion, as well as heresy, 
would accompany the evulgation of Scripture. 

+Evuilge, v. Ods. [ad. L. Sulg-dre: see 

Evu.eate.}] = EVULGATE. 

1611 Coryat Crudities Ep. to Rdr., Being by so much the 
more doubtfull to evulge the same. 1654 T. Keck in Sir 7. 
Browne's Relig. Med. Addr, to Rdr., I made this recueil 
meerly for mine own entertainment, and not with any in- 
tention to evulge it. 

+ Evu'lsed, #//. a. Obs.—° [ad. L. Gulsus, 
pa. pple. of eellére, f. & out + vellére to pluck.] 
Plucked, pulled off or out by fofce. 

1730-6 in Baiey (folio). 1775 in Asu. 

Evulsion (‘vylfan). [ad. L. evulsion-em, n. 
of action f. evellére, f. & out+vellére to pluck. 
Cf. Fr. €vulston.] The action of pulling or pluck- 
ing out by force; forcible extraction. 

¢ 1611 Cuapman //iad xx1. 171 Thrice he pluck’d [to get 
his lance out), and thrice sure Pelias barr’d His wish’d evul- 
sion. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 340 The gall with 
rosin of Cedar hindereth the growing of has on the eye- 
liddes, after evulsion. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 1865 Woop 
Homes without H, 27 Its (the fur of the animal) evulsion 
produces no such disastrous effects. 1879 J. Timss in 
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. WV.107/1 Mr. L...removed by evul- 
= both sides of the great toe-nail. 1884 in Syd. Soc. 
LOX. 

Evulsive (‘vv'lsiv). [f. L. @uls- ppl. stem of 
evellére (see prec.) + -IVE. Cf. F. évulstf, -zve.] 
‘An instrument used for evulsion, such as a tooth 
forceps’ (.Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

|| Evviva (eviv7-va). [It., f. e (:—L. ef) used in- 
tensively + viva (:—L. vivat), optative of vivere 
to live.] The cry of ‘ Long live (the king)’; hence, 
a shout of applause. 

1887 Edin. Kev. July 147 No loud evvivas from applaud- 
ing Christendom. 

w, obs. form of YEw. 

+E-wage'!, Oss. [a. OF. (jagounce) ewage, 
?jacinth) of the colour of water :—L. aguaticus in 
same sense, f. agua water]. <A precious stone 
having the colour of sea water. 

1377 Lance. P. Pé. B. u. 14 Hir fyngres were fretted with 
golde wyre, And bere-on red rubyes. .Orientales and ewages 
enuenymes to destroye, 1430 Lypc. Ballad feed Lady 
xiv, Blewe ewage Stable as the loupe ewage of pitie. 

+ Ewage ~. Ols. [AF., f. ewe (mod.F. caz) 
water + -age (see -AGE), as if repr. L. type *agud- 
ticum, {. agua water.] See quots.; also in med. 
Lat. form ewagium. 

1706 in Puititrs (ed. Kersey). 1753 CHAMBERS Cycl. Supp. 
Ewage, Ewagium, in our old writers, the same with Aquage, 
which is toll paid for water-passage. 

Ewai, obs. form of Away. 

Ewden-drift. ‘S:. Also 7 ewindrift, 8 
youden drift, 9 contracted form endrift. ‘Snow 
raised, and driven by the wind’ (Jam.). 

1630-56 Sir R. Gorvon Hist. Earls Sutherl. 246 Their 
fell such ane extream tempest, ewindrift, sharp snow, and 
wind, full in their faces. 1790 Suirrers Poets 285 When 
to my Meg I bend my tour, Thro’ Ewden drift, or snawy- 
show'r., x Morrison Poems 121 (Jam.) The strongest 
wind .. Tho’ mixt wi’ hail, wi’ rain or youden drift, Brings 
ay acalm at last. = W. Beattie Tales antes first thing 
meets him is a dose Of styth endrift and ha’ 

Ew'der. Sc. Also yowther. Vapour, smoke, 
fume. 

1755 R. Forses Ajax his Speech 4 Fan Hector try'd Thir 
barks to burn an’ scowder .. He cou'd na bide the ewder. 
1755 — Frul. fr. Lond. to Portsmouth He was like to smore 
us 1’ the coach wi’ the very ewder o’t [his Pipe}. 1814 
Northern Antig. 271 The yowther drifted sae high i’ the 
sky, The sun worth a’ sae red. 

Ewe (yz), sd.| Forms: a. 1 eowu (3 awe, 
ouwe), 6-8 ew, (6 eawe), I- ewe. B. 4 yoo, 6 
Sc, yeowe, 30w, (30wn), 6-7 Sc. 30ue, 6-8 yew(e, 
4-9 Sc. and north. dial. yow(e. [Com. Teut. and 
Aryan: OE. eown (? down), corresp. to OF ris. e¢ 
(MDu. ove, ete, Du. oo), OHG. ouwt, au, ou 
(MHG,. awe, ou, mod.HG. dial. au- in aulamm 
ewe-lamb), ON. w#r:—OTeut. *awi-2:—OA 
*owt-s ; cf. L. ovi-s, Gr. (Fis, Olr. 07, OSI. ovi-ca, 
Lith. avi-s, Skr. ave. 

The OE. represents a type *¢zvwi :—WGer. *awrwi, the 
word having assumed the soley of the short a- stems $ ef, 
dgnu from OTeut. “dani-s. It is disputed whether the 


| Yeowes and Goates mylke. 1587 


hthong is long (¢o :—ex from gw) or short (eo, a modifica- 
Gen of ¢'dne t0 the folinence of the & ing w; cf. eo as 
view is favoured 
tion of the final -~, which is normal only in short stems. ] 
1. A female sheep. 

mid hire or 

xxxiii. 13 Ie heb! 

Cod. 


a. Laws of Ine \v, Eowu bil 

scilling weorp. ——_— LFRIC = 
«.eeane eowa zecelfe cy mid me. a 1100 in le 
Dipl. IV. To eastran two ewe mid twam_lamban. 
a 1240 © wong: Ritson Anc. Songs 3 Sumer is 
icumen in.. Awe ep after lomb. ar. bate Soul 
& Body in Map’s Poems (Camd.) 335, I ide have ben 
dumb as a scl or as a nouwe. 1393 Lancu. P. Pi. C. 
xvi. 2t (MS. T.) By meris mylk lyuede & Ewis. 1465 
Mann, & Househ. Exp. (1841) 296 For a ram and xix ewes, 
pryse the xx.d. ¥ B ‘on's Lett. ii. 8 Itisa 
poore e of sheepe where the Ew must beare the bell. 
Mitton P. Z. x1. 649 Ewes and thir bleating Lambs. 
1 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. u. iv, When ..1 to milk the 
ewes first tried my skill. Biscnorr Woollen Manuf. 
in 


§ 


te 293 They seldom mistake the ewe to which each lambki 
longs. 
B. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sec, Nun's T, 199 Sche sendeth here 


As meek as ever was eny lamb to yow. ? a 1400 Chester 
Pl, Shepherds 1. 120 Be it weither or be it yoo. 1513 
DovucGtias Aeneis v. xiii. 22 In wirschip of Erix..a b! 
30w to god of tempestis fell. 1535 CoverpaLe Ps. xxvii. 

1 As he was folowinge the yowes greate with yonge. 1560 

oLtLanD Crt. Venus Prol. 54 The Watter is comparit to 
the Jown. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 19 She 
can wynke on the yew, and wery the lam. 1578 Lyte 
Dodoens u. \xxv. 540 The Cheese that they use to make of 
Mascay Govt. Cattle, 
Sheep (1627) 249 There is also in the teats of. . yeaws a cer- 
taine stopping in some of their teats. 1616-61 HoLypay 
Persius 305 Bless thou my lambs! And make my tender 
yews the happy dams Of many young-ones. 1714 Fr. Bk. 
of Rates 51 Sheep, Yews per He: 1781 Burns Death 
Mailie, Warn him..To stay content wi’ yowes at hame. 

b. (See quot.) 

1879 A. GattetLy Wool in Cassel?’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 260/1 
The term. .‘ewes’ is applied in long-stapled wools, to the 
short, tender, inferior fleeces. 

. trans. 

1610 B. Jonson ALA. v. v, [To his sister] Kas. Come on, 
you yew, you haue match’d most sweetly, ha you not? 
ar7joo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Ewe, or the White Ewe, a 
Top-woman among the Canting Crew, very Beautiful. /did., 


Strowling-morts ..Travel the Countries, making Laces | 


upon Ewes. 1725 New Cant, Dict., Yews. 18.. JAMIESON 
Rotten yow, metaph., Applied to a person. .subjected to 


| much expectoration. 


3. attrib. and Comb., as ewe-mutton, -trade; also, 


| ewe-bught, Sv. (see Boucur sd.2); ewegang 


(see quot. and Gane si.) ; ewe-hog (see quot. 


_ and Hoa); ewe lamb, a female lamb; also fig. 


| milk of ewes; also attrib. ; 


(with spec. reference to 2 Sam. xii.) ; ewe-lease, 
a pasture for ewes (see LEASE 5d.*); ewe-milk, 
ewe-milker, one 
who milks ewes; also ewe-milking, w/. sd.; 
ewe-teg, a ewe in its second year (see TG). 

1724 Ramsay Jea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 88 Will ye go to the 
“ew-bughts Marion And wear in the sheep wi’ me? 181 
Hoce Queen's Wake 252 At ewe-bught, or at evening fold. 
1836 Hor. Situ 7in Trumf. 1. 147 Comes dancing in from 
the ewe-bughts the bright-eyed Bessie. 1769 Br. WiLton 
Inclos. Act 7 A certain sheep-walk called *ewegang..the 
said ewegang shall remain. 1614 Markuam Cheap Husd. 
(1623) 106 The first year a male Lambe is called a weather- 
Hog anda female Lambe an *Ewe-Hog. 1388 Wyciir Gen. 
xxi. 28 Abraham settide seuene “ewe lambren of the flok 
asidis. 1611 Biste 2 Saw, xii. 3 Nothing saueone litle ewe 
lam’ 1828 Scorr /. AM. Perth v, I cannot afford the 
church my oaly and single ewe-lamb. Tennyson 
Becket 81 The black sheep baaed to the miller's ewe-lamb. 
1874 T. Harpy J/adding Crowd 1. xiv. 168 Over the snowy 
down or *ewe-lease on Weatherbury Upper Farm. 1549 
Compl. Scot. vi. 42 Thai maid grit cheir of euyrie sort of 
mylk, baytht of ky mylk & “j3oue mylk. 1828 Scorr Hr#, 
Midl. xxxviii, Maybe ye may like the ewe-milk .. cheese 
better. 1815 — Guy M. xxiii, A half-dressed *ewe-milker 
--shut it (the door] in their faces. = Ramsay Gentle 
Sheph. u. iv, When..1 at *ewe-milking first sey’d my young 
skill. 1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. v., A good fat te of 
*ewe mutton. 1888 Daily News 1 Nov. 7/3 (Meat) Ewe 
mutton .. improved in value. Lond, Gaz. No. 3194/4 
There is 2 Rams. .and 7 or 8 "Ewe Tegs among them, ry 
Daily News 2 Sept. 2/7 The “ewe trade was extremely dull. 

b. in the names of various plants, as ewe- 
bramble, dia/., the common bramble, Audus 
Sruticosus; ewe-daisy, Potentilla Tormentilla; 
ewe-flower, ? the daisy; ewe-gowan, Sc., the 
common daisy, Bellis perennts. 

1818 Hoce Brownie of Bodsbeck 1. 215 (Jam.) Eneugh to 
make the pinks an’ the ewe-gowans blush to the very lip. 
1825 — Queen Hynde 14 The little ewe-flower starr'd the 


lea, 184) Halliwell, Ewe-gowan, the common daisy. 
North, aes Jounston Nat. Hist. &, Bord., Ewe Daisy, 
Potentilla Tormentilla. 1876in Brirren & Hottanp Dict. 
Plant.n, 1888 W. Somerset Word-bk., Ewe-brimble, the 
common bramble, Rubus /ruticosus. 

Ewe, sé.2 dial. (See quot. 
Morton Cycl. A, Ph Old C. § Farm, Wds.(E.D.S.) 


142 White ewe is a shi of earth in fens, 
Ewe, v. [f. Ewn sd.1] 
+1. trans. To yean, give birth to (a lamb). Oés. 


1579 E. K. cossaor yrae ot S Cal. Feb. 83 Rather 
Zambes, that be early. ¢1660 Hexuam Dutch Dict., 
Spade geboren, A Lambe Late ewed. 

2. trans. To give a ‘ ewe-neck’ look to. 

1848 G. F. Ruxton in Alackw. Mag. LXIIL, 
severities of a prolonged winter .. robbed his 
fat and flesh. .and ‘ewed’ his neck. 


‘The 
tones of 


Hence Ewed £//. a. 
cx61r Carman /liad ww. 116 The God of Light .. To 
first-ewed lam 


whom a hundred 
Ewe, obs. form of Yew. 
+Ewe ardaunt. Ols. [a. OF. ewe ardant 
(mod. eae ardente), lit. ‘ burning water’.] Ardent 
t. 


spiri 
€ 1315 SHOREHAM 9 So mey me nau3t in ewe ardaunt That 
neth no wateris wyse. 


bs vow thou. 


var. ff. EVENLING, Ods. 
. Sc. Leg. Saints, Paulus #, pi ne a 
thinge he wes to petir as ewelinge. iid. rian 
he mycht..be to poe! ewinhese . 
obs. form of Evin. 

Ewen, obs. form of YEWEN a. 

Ewe-neck. A thin hollow neck (in a horse). 

1820 W. Irvine Sketch-bk. Sleepy Hollow x88)) 410 A 
broken-down plough-horse .. with a ewe neck, a head 
like a hammer. 1856 ‘ Sronenence’ Brit. Sports (ed. 3) 322 
Between the two extremes of the ewe-neck and its opposite 
there are many degrees. 

Hence Ewe-necked a. 
a= * Leys 18/4 A Hore, ,Ewe-Neck'd. 

ARHAM . Les in, His dapple- 

steed..was a Tittle pate a O. W. Hotmes y 
Breakf.-t. (1883) 222 Drawn by a rat-tailed, ewe-necked bay. 
1878 Cumberid. Gloss., Yowe neck't, the arch of the neck 
bending downwards. 

+tEwrer!. Ods. Forms: 4-7 ewer(e, 5 ewar(e, 
euwere, 6 y)ewre. [a. OF. ewer (Cotgr. eauier) 


“:—L. aquarius, f. agua (OF. ewe, mod, eax) water.] 


= EWERER. 

1361 in Nichols Royal Wills 53 Lge gest Barber e¢ 
Ewer. c1450 Bk. Curtasye in Babees Bk. 641 An euwere 
in halle bere nedys to be..He schalle gef water to gentil- 
men. 1461-83 Liber Niger Edw. 1V in Househ, Ord. et 
Twoe yomen ewars..that resceyveth of the sergeaunt al 
naperyes, basins, ewers, chauffyrs..for the halle. 60x F. 
Tate Househ, Ord. Edw. I1, § 50 (1876) 35 Thei shal carri 
the flesh, and the fish. . with the helpe of the Ewers from the 
kitchin to the dresser. 

Hence + Ew'eress, a female ‘ ewerer’. 

1sog Hawes Past. Pleas. v. 20 The marshall yccli 
Beg Boe Reason, And the yewres also cee ela a 

Ewer ® (y/a1). Forms: 4-5 ewere, 5-6 euer, 
ewar, (5 ewear, ewyr, hure, yore), 6 eure, 

(ower, ure, yower), 6-7 ewre, 7 eawer, eawr, 
5- ewer. [ad. AF. * ewiere, parallel with OF. 
aiguiere (mod. aiguiére), eviere (17th c. in Cotgr.), 
repr. Lat. type *agudria, f. agua water ; cf. prec.] 

1. ‘A pitcher with a wide spout, used to bring 
water for washing the hands’ (W.). In mod. use 
the trade name for a bedroom water-jug. 

c1325 £. E. Allit. P. B. 1457 Per wer bassynes ful bry3t 
of brende golde clere, Enaumaylde with azer & eweres of 
sute. 14.. A/S. Cantad. Ff. i. 6, f. 58 (Halliw.) Yore [= 
ewer). 1413 Lypa. Pilgr. Sowde v. xi. (1483) 103 This sygne 
is — with his ewer. 1494 Fasyan vil. 345 He gaue to 
y® abbot .. a basyn with an ewyr of syluer. 1513 Doucias 
vEneis xm. ix. 17 As quhow the crystall eweris [ed. 1710 
eueris] to thair handis The watir gave. 1574 Gi/ts fe Queen 
in Nichols Progr. Q. Elis. 1. 413 A very smale fountayne 
of golde with ower in it, enamuled. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. 73 The holding up aloft a silver Ewre, after washing. 
1725 Pore Odyss. 1. 79 ‘olden ewer a maid obsequious 
brings. 1815 Scotr Guy M/. xxiv, Ailie..at that instant 
entered with basin and ewer. 

2. Comd., as Ewer-wise. 

1599 Minsueu Diad. in Sp. & Eng. 11/2 This pot made 
ewer Wise. 3 

Ewer®. dia/. Also 8 yewer, 9 ure, yure, 
yooer, yawer. [a. ON. mh (Icel. jiigr, Sw. 

jur):—OTeut. *eudr-, ablaut-variant of *édr-, 
whence UppEr.] = Upper. 

3781 Grose Provinc. Gloss., Ewer, an udder. N. 1788 
W. Marsuaut £. Yorksh. (E. D.S.)s. v., Zwer and Yewer. 
> in Hatirwew. 1873 Swaledale Gloss. Yure, an 
udder, 1878 Cumberid. Gloss., Yooer, Yawer, the udder of 
an animal, 

Ewer, ? corrupt form of OrEr. - 

1583 Sruspes Anat, Abus. 1. 106 Maye Byshops.. 

od of Assises, Ewer, iner, and the lyke. 

Ew'erer. [f. Ewer! or Ewer-y + -kr1.] A 
servant who supplied guests, etc. at table with 
water to wash their hands. 

° MS. Stoane -~ - The ewerer [v. ». euwer) schal 
hele his lordes borde With dowbull napere at on bare worde. 
x8s5r Turner Dom. Archit. 111. iii. 79 When the ewerer 
brought water. 1858 G. Girittan Mem. in Wyatt's Poet. 
Wks. p. vii, At Anne Boleyn’s marriage in July 1533. . Wyatt 
“wen as ewerer, in room om ea 

ery, ewry (yie'ri). ‘orms : 
-erye, eawerie, eurey, 6 ewe-,yewrie, 6-7 ewrie, 
7.eawrye), 5- ewery, ewry. [f. Ewer+-¥3.] _ 
The apartment or office for ewers, esf. in 
former times, in the royal household; a room 
where ewers of water, table linen, and towels were 


kept. Also Groom, Sergeant of the Ewery. 

rea Will Earl of Arundel in 7 Dom. Archit. 
rab” Plisnpton. Ci Joho Bekon youn ae 
e Orr. 2. n groom 
Chamber, John Wa : oom of the <i. 
Russet Bk. Nurture 256 in Babees Bh. Take 
commana ape and to wery bere hit youre silf n 
1513 ibid. 155 So thyn ewery be with 

& water © cole meee ee. 

VIT/, c. 12. $11 The of the Ewrie.. also be 
..redy with clothes for the 1577-87 
Houtnsnep Chron. 111, 920/1 In the two yeomen, 


EWEST. 


two groomes, and two pages: and in the yewrie likewise. 
1671 Evetyn Diary 1 Mar., The King. .walking along the 
entries. .as far as the ewry. oy ae Reg., Chron. Diary 
36 Master of the Ewry to their Royal Highnesses. 

b. attrib. ; 

¢ 1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 232 in Babees Bk., Pan 
emperialle.. Py py” borde with basons & lauour. 1502 
Privy Purse Exp. Eliz, York (1830) 80 Thewry doore at 
Baynardes Castell. _ 

+2. ‘The scullery of a religious house’. Ods. 

In mod. Dicts. 

Ew'est, adv. (quasi-adj.) Sc. Also 6 ewoss, 
ewous, euous, euuse, ewuse. Comp. ore 
ewous. [Perh. evolved by a wrong division of 
ANEWST (az ewest for a newest).] Close at hand. 


1527 Burgh, Rec. Aberd. 3 June (Spald. Club) I. 117 One 
of 7 landis liand mair evuse to ws .. interchange the 
saidis landis with wtheris haiffand landis liand mair ewuse 
[printed evnse] to ws. 1543 Aderd. Reg. V. 18 (Jam.) 
Causing of your folkis that ar maist ewoss wss to in 
redenes. I haf gewin command & charge to my friendis & 
folkis maist ewous yow. 1572 Sc. dcts Fas. VJ, § 48 The 
Manses.. maist ewest to the Kirk. 1637-s0 Row “Hist. 
Kirk (1842) 153 That a gleeb of four aikers of land be de- 
signed off the most ewest and commodious land. a 1657 
Sir J. Batrour Axx. Scotd. (1824-5) I. 258 The remanent 
Lordes of the clergie, being ewest tohim. 1814 Scott Wav. 
xlii, ‘To be sure, they lie maist ewest’ said the Bailie. 

Ewfras, ewft(e, obs. ff. EupHrasy, Err. 

Ewegh, ewghen, obs. ff. Yew, YEWEN. 

Ewhow (@hwau), zter7. [f. Ex + Wuow.] 
Sc. ‘An exclamation of regret or pity’. 

1816 Scott Old Mort. v, ‘But ewhow! they are puirly 
armed, and warse fended wi’ victual.’ 

Ewin, obs. form of Even, 

E-wis, variant form of I-wis, Oés. 

Ewk, var. of YEUK, .Sc., to itch. 

Ewle, obs. form of YuLr. 

Ewlow, ? obs. form of YELLow. 

1541 Lanc. Wills 1,80 In y® chapel ij. old ewlow quishens. 


+Ewre, sb. Obs. rare-'. [P var. of One.] 
? Rust, oxide. 

1597 LowE Chirurg. (1634) 97 By the continuall sorting 
and telling of this coyne, then did enter of the ewre of that 
brasse and copper under the nails of her fingers. 

Ewre, var. of Eurr, Oés., destiny. 

+Ewrose. Os. Also 4 eurose, 5 euerose, 
euerrose. [a. OF. ewe rose, mod. eau (de) rose.] 
Rose-water. 

c1350 Med. MS. in Archxol. XXX. 364 Jows of betonye 
wt eurose clere Counfortyth y® herynge of y* ere. a@1440 
Sir Degrev. 1391 With..Watyr of everrose clere, They 
wesche. ¢ 1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 455 
And a pynte of water of ewrose. 1486 Bh. St. Albans B 
viij a, Wash hir with euerose. 

iwse-dreep, obs. form of EAVESDRIP. 

1639 Bury Wills (1850) 180 The. .edifices..gardens, waies, 
water courses, easemt’, ewse-dreepes, and appurtenances, 

Ewt(e, obs. form of Err. 

1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. xiu.v. 238 The carcases of 
snakes, ewts, and other serpents. 

wte, v. dial. [repr. OE. géotan : see YETE.] 

19746 Exmoor Scolding (E.D.S.) 65 Ewéte, to pour in. 

in Grose Provinc. Gloss. 1847-78 in HALLIWELL. 

+ Ewté, corrupt form of dew?¢é, Lewy, loyalty. 

1gox Pol, Poems (1859) 11. 62 Lust of fleich and lust of 
ize, and pride in oure lyvynge. On this three, Jak, by my 
ewté, is groundid al 3our colege. 

Ewteuth, obs. var. OurwitH Zrep., outside of. 

Ewyn(e, obs. form of Even. 

Ex, obs. form of Ax. 

a1400 Sir Degrev. 325 Wyth scharpe exus of stelle He 
seigmee here basnetus welle. c1440 Prompt. Parv. 144 

xX, instrument. Seczuvis. 


Ex (eks), grep. [a. L. ex out of (archaically 
also ec), corresp. to Gr. éf, é« (see Ex- Aref.2), 
Gaulish ex- (OWelsh ef- in ehofn fearless), OIr. 
ass, ess-, e-, Lith. zsz, OSI. zz (Russ. 22’). 
Before consonants sometimes reduced to é.] 

1. In Lat. phrases (some of which are in Eng. 
written as single words), as Ex aniMmo, EX PARTE, 
Extempore, Ex-voro, etc., q.v. in alphabetical 
place. 

2. Commnt. a. Used for ‘ out of’, ‘landed from’ 
(a ship), with reference to goods. Similarly in 
phrase ZLx warehouse: (sold directly) from the 
warehouse. b. With sense ‘ without,’ ‘ exclusive 
of’; esp. in phrase Lx dividend (abbreviated ex 
div. or x. d.), used with reference to sales of stocks 
or shares to indicate that the dividend next to be 
paid is not included in the sale. So formerly ev 
tnterest (abbreviated ex zxt., ex 77., x. 7.) ; also ex 
new (ex m., x. 2.), intimating that the right to an 
allotment of new shares or stock is not included 
in the sale. 


1845 Times July [In the daily lists of prices of railway shares 
the following frequently occur], ex. div., x. d., ex in., ex 
int., x. i,, ex new, ex n.,x.n. 1877 R. Girren Stock Exch. 
Securities 59 The price quickly rising from 125 cum _div 
early in ‘bes 7 to136 ex divin September. 1884 77ies 4 July 
xr The landing shed .. with its contents, about roo tons of 
flax ex the Maria A. Hinde. .was totally destroyed by fire. 
1887 Daily News 8 July 6/8 During the week a oars § deal 
of business, ex-warehouse, has been transacted. 1888 /érd. 
5 Oct. 5/3 The. .price..is said to have been fully fivepence 


857 


farthing a pound ex ship. J/od. The custom-house ex- 
penses amount to £5, ex stamps. 

Ex- frefix', of Latin origin. 

I. repr. L. ex-, the prep. ex (see prec.) in com- 
bination. 

1. In Latin the form ex- appears before vowels 
and 2; also before c, A (exc. in époldre, cpotus), 
g, 5, 4; before fit becomes ef (in inscriptions ec-: 
cf. Gr. é¢) ; before other consonants (exc. in ex/ex) 
it becomes @ All these various forms are repre- 
sented in many Eng. derivatives; e.g. edzillient, 
effervesce, extend. An s following the prefix was 
in medizeval spelling commonly omitted, and this 
practice has been adopted in English orthography, 
as in exert, extinct; in some scientific terms, 
however, the s has been retained in order to exhibit 
the composition more clearly, as in exsert to 
protrude (etymologically = exert), exsanguineous, 
exsiccate. The euphonic rules affecting the prefix 
in class. Lat. did not prevail in vulgar Lat., the 
universal form being ex-, represented in Romanic 
by es- (see Es-). In OF. and in ME., words with 
the prefix es- were occasionally written with ex-, 
after the analogy of words adopted from Latin ; 
a few of these refashioned forms remain in mod. 
Eng., as exchange, expound. 

When it has primary or secondary stress, the prefix is pro- 
nounced (eks); in unstressed position this remains before a 
(written) cons., though in southern usage (éks) is commonly 
substituted ; before a stressed vowel the pronunciation is 
usually (egz), becoming (égz) in southern speech ; this rule, 
however, has many exceptions, chiefly in rare words and in 


words affected by the analogy of cognates differently 
accented. 


2. The Lat. compounds of ex- chiefly belong to 
the following classes, all which are represented by 
English derivatives. 1. Verbs formed from other 
verbs ; in some of these exv- has its primary force 
of ‘out’, ‘forth’, as in exclidére, exire (whence 
Eng. exclude, exit); in some it means ‘upward’, 
as in extollére (whence Eng. extol); in others it 
has the sense ‘thoroughly’, as in excructare 
(whence Eng. excructate). 2. Verbs formed from 
adjs., with general sense ‘to bring into a certain 
state’, as exacerbare, exasperdre (whence Eng. 
exacerbate, exasperate). 3. Verbs formed from 
sbs.; some of these are really formed on phrases 
in which ex governs the sb., and have the senses 
‘to remove, expel, or relieve from (that which is 
denoted by the sb.)’, as excitsare, expatriire, ex- 
onerare (whence Eng. excuse, expatriate, exonerate) ; 
others have the sense ‘to deprive of (what is de- 
noted by the sb.)’, as excortare, excorticare (whence 
Eng. excortate, excorticate). 4. Adjs. formed from 
sbs., with the general sense ‘deprived of some- 
thing’, as exsangits bloodless (whence Eng. e.v- 
sanguineous) ; in imitation of these, many terms 
of mod. science have been formed in which ex- 
has the non-Latin sense ‘ destitute of’, as exa/bu- 
minous,i exstipulate; the form e- (see E- pref.3) 
has however more frequently been employed, even 
where Lat. euphony would require ex-, as in 
ecaudate. 

II. Zx- (with hyphen) prefixed to Eng. words. 

3. Prefixed to titles of office or dignity, to form 
designations for persons who have formerly held 
the position in question. In more restricted sense 
these compounds denote the immediate predecessor 
(when still living) of the present holder of the 
position. After the analogy of these words, ex- is 
prefixed indiscriminately, with the sense expressed 
by ‘former’, ‘sometime’, ‘quondam’, to sbs. 
designating persons with respect to their calling, 
station, character, or the like. 

[On the analogy of forms of expression like ex exsule 
consul, ‘(that has become) a consul from an exile’, the 
phrases er consule, ex magistro eqguitum, etc. were in the 
Latin of the empire added as titles to the names of men who 
had filled the offices of consul, master of the horse, etc. At 
a later period these phrases gave rise to the compounds ex- 
consul, exnragister, in the same manner as the compounds 
broconsul, propretor had been developed from the older 
bro consule, pro pretore. Inmed. Lat. this usage was greatly 
extended, such forms as ex-A ugustus (‘ ex-emperor’) being 
of frequent occurrence. Some words of this formation (e. g. 
ex-professor) passed in adapted forms into It. and Fr., and 
on the analogy of these e.v- was prefixed to Romanic words. 
The Eng. use, imitated from Fr., seems to have first become 
common towards the end of the 18th c.] 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xiv. xlviii. (1495) 484 Ex- 
consul is he that leuyth the offyce of Consul. 1683 Cave 
Ecclesiastict, Athanasius 80 Sending the Ex-consular 
Dionysius to be a Witness of their Transactions. 1 
Burxt Policy of Allies Wks. VII. 129 The ex-bishop of 
Autun. 1796 S. Perry Argus 20 Feb. 368 This ex-mayor 
was brought into Paris..and conducted. .to the mayoralty. 
1805 G. Extis Let. g Jan. in Lockhart Scott, This is 
Frere—our ex-ambassador for Spain. 1806 Wotcorr (P. 
Pindar) 7réstia Wks. 1812 V. 238 The mad ex-courtiers 
cry Thou old black sheep. 1815 Wraxai //ist. Mem. 
II. 35 He eulogized Laurens, the American expresident, 


EXACERBATION. 


when a prisoner in the Tower. 1819 Edin. Rev. XXXII. 
52 The anti-commercial system of the Ex-emperor..has.. 
been adopted..by his..successors. 1823 Byron Age of 
Bronze xvii, And the e+-empress grows as ex a wife. 1828 
Srevarr Planter’s G. 500, I shall beg leave, as a sort of 
Ex-professor of that art, to offer a few hints. 1839 THirt- 
wALt Greece III. 19 This body, at once a council and a 
court of justice, was composed..of the ex-archons. 1849 
Tuackreray Pendennis xxxiv, An ex-beau about town. 1859 
Lane Wand. India 192, I was now alone with the ex-Com- 
mander of the Seik Cavalry. 1860 L. V. Harcourt Diaries 
G. Rose Il. 1 The ex-secretary for the Treasury. 1875 
Poste Gazus un. (ed. 2) 206 The remedy of the ex-proprietor 
of the accessory is an in factum actio. 1884 A. Forses 
Chinese Gordon ii. 48 Some were ex-mates of merchant- 
ships. 1891 Daily News 16 Mar. 7/3 A husband or wife 
who has obtained a divorce has a right after it is granted 
to sue the ex-spouse for alimony. ‘ 

b. When the designation to which ex- is pre- 
fixed is a phrase, the hyphened prefix has the 
appearance of being attached simply to the first 
word. Hence ex- occas. occurs in actual com- 
bination with an adj., with sense ‘ formerly’. 

1826 BentHam in Westm. Rev. VI. 457 Ex-learned as I 
am, and, therefore, if ever, no longer learned —in the 
law in general, never learned at all. 1834 T. Mrepwin 
Angler in Wales Il. 184, 1 have heard him more than 
once tell of his rencontre with an ex-flogging Secretary 
at War. 1859 Lane Wand. India 413 A score of ex-Thug- 
gee officers. 1887 Charity Organ. Rev. June 254 One of 
our ex-boarded-out boys enlisted some three years ago. 
1887 Pall Mali G. 21 Sept. 12/1 The 6,000,000 dols. .. is 
mainly made up of this ex-Russian capital. 31890 /did. 14 
Jan. 2/2 Such nonsense. .is unworthy of an ex-Liberal ex- 
Lord Chancellor. 

ce. From some of these combinations sbs. have 
occas. been formed by the addition of suffixes. 

1793 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XII. 82 Among the 
Prussian clergy, the alarm of ex-Jesuitism has nearly 
rendered orthodoxy disreputable. 1865 A/orning Star 29 
May, The rage of the priests and ex-dynastists at the spirit, 
splendour, and immense success of the solemnity. 

4. Ex-party (nonce-wd.), the party of the ‘outs’. 

1809 Syp. SmitH in Edin. Rev. X1V. 44 He should re- 


* collect that his Methodists are the ex-party. 


Ex- ‘frefix*, of Greek origin. The Gr. é out 
of, etymologically = L. ex- (see prec.) occurs only 
before vowels, as in the words adopted into Eng. 
in the forms exanthema, exarch, exegests, exodus, 
exorcise, etc. Before consonants it is replaced by 
the related and synonymous form é«-, which be- 
comes ¢c- in Latin, and hence in the Eng. deriva- 
tives, as echasis, eccentric, eclipse, ecstasy, ete. 

Exaccion, -oun, -yon, obs. ff. Exacrion. 

+ Exa‘cerate, v. Obs. [f. Ex- prefixl +L. acus 
(acer-) chaff + -ATE3.] ¢vans. To clear away the 
chaff from, winnow. 

Hence Exa‘cerated ///. a. 
action of winnowing. 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., E.vacerate. 1692-1732 Cours, 
Exaceration. 1736 Baitey, 1775 Asu, Exacerated. 

Exacerbate (egz-, eksx'saibeit), v.  [f. L. 
exacerbat- ppl. stem of exacerbd-re, f. ex- intensive 
+ acerb-us harsh, bitter, grievous.] 

1. ¢rans. To increase the smart of a pain), the 
virulence of (disease), the bitterness of (feeling, 
speech, etc.); to embitter, aggravate. Also, to 
embitter or sour the feelings of (a person) ; to irri- 
tate, provoke. 

1660 Hist. Wars Scot. under Montrose App. 206 The 
Ministers never ceased to exacerbate his misery. 1755 in 
Jounson. 1818 Art Preserv. Feet 11 The radical cause of 
the complaint is often attributed to that which. .merely ex- 
acerbates the pain. 1843 Por Gold Bug Wks. 1864 I. 56, 
I thought it prudent not to exacerbate the growing moodi- 
ness of his temper. 1852 Miss YonGe Cameos (1877) II. viii. 
102 Exacerbated by disappointment, .he had let loose his 
rage and passion. 1876 J. Weiss W7t, Hum. § Shaks. vii. 
243 A woman’s language becomes exacerbated because she 
is so inadequate to protest by actions. 

2. intr. for veft. 

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 410/1 The feverish symptoms dis- 
appear or remit soon to recur or exacerbate. 1837 CARLYLE 
Fr. Rev. u. tv. v, The sour doubting humour has had 
leave to accumulate and exacerbate, 

Hence Exa‘cerbated fJ/. a. 

1730-6 Baivey (folio), Zxacerbated, provoked or vexed, 
afresh, 1804 A/iniature No. I. (1806) I. 6 The ponderous 
dignity of the Rambler would, with ‘ exacerbated’ severity, 
lament the sad degeneracy of the present day, etc. 1853 
Kane Grinnell Exp, xxxvi. (1856) 326 The disease had 
come back with..exacerbated virulence. 1857 G. GILFILLAN 
in Waller & Denham’s Poems 208 Butler, then a disap- 

ointed and exacerbated man, was malignant enough to 
fase him for lunacy. : 

Exacerbation (egz-, ekss:soib@ fon). [ad. 
L. exacerbation-em, n. of action f. exacerbare to 
EXACERBATE. ] 

1, The action of exacerbating or provoking to 
anger or hatred; the condition of being exacer- 
bated ; embitterment, irritation ; an instance of the 
same. 

1582 N. T. (Rhem.) ed. iii. 15 Do not obdurate your 
hartes as in that exacerbation. 1605 G. PowELt Answ. 
Puritan-Papist 39 It breedeth exacerbation of minde. 1638 
Br. Reyno_ps Peace Ch, 21 Which course usually tendeth 
to mutuall exacerbation. 1797 Gopwin Enguirer 1. x. 86 
Fits of peevishness and exacerbation. 1808 T. JErreRsoNn 
Writ, (1830) IV. 105 Political controversy, and the ex- 


Exacera'tion, the 


EXACERBESCENCE. 


acerbation of spirit into which it Seen. 1 Cart. 
T. Hamitton d Thornton (1845) 8x Those net a of 
temper to which he was habitually liable. 1874 Farrar 
Christ (ed. 2) II. xliii. 106, footn., The exacerbation between 
Jews and Samaritans was always at its worst during the 

i ies of the national feasts. 


2. Increase in severity (of disease, sufferings, 
punishments, etc.); an instance of this. Chiefly 
Path., a paroxysm (of a fever, etc.) ; also ¢ransf. 

1625 Hart Anat, Ur. u. iii. 64 Coniectures of I know not 
what kinde of feauer, the which now and then was not with- 
out some exacerbations. 1668 Cutrerrer & Coie Barthol. 
Anat. 366 A Fit or Exacerbation at every Circuit of the 
blood. _ 1732 Arsutunot Rules of Diet 348 A great Ex- 
acerbation of. this Pain the M t after Ht ig any- 
thing. 1785 Patey Mor. Philos. (1818) II. 297 A vigilant 
magistracy, an accurate police..contribute more to the 
restraint. .of crimes than any violent exacerbationsof punish- 
ment. 1809 W. Irvine Knickeré. (1861) 111 He asp 
trembled with .. the exacerbations of his valour. 1861 J. 
Granam Pract. Med. 608 There are few diseases more 
painful to witness than is tetanus, especially during the ex- 
acerbations of the spasm. 1877 Roserts Handbk. Med. 
(ed. 3) I. 80 Hectic fever is of a distinctly intermittent or 
remittent type, there being exacerbations. 

+ Exacerbe'scence. (ath. Obs. [f. as next: 
see -ENCE.] Increase of violence or severity (in 
a disease) ; = EXACERBATION 2. 

1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon, (1802) II. 162 Hectic fever.. 
having the exacerbescence towards evening. 

Exacerbescent (egzz:soibe'sént), a. [ad. L. 
exacerbescent-em, pr. pple. of exacerbescére to be- 
come angry, f. ex- (see Ex-pref.!) + acerb-us harsh, 
bitter.] Tending to become embittered. 

1889 H. F. Woop English. of Rue Cain xi. 155 That ex- 
acerbescent irritability had been partly assumed. 

+ Exa:cerva‘tion. Os. [as if a. L. *exacer- 
vation-em, n. of action f. exacervare, f. ex- inten- 
sive + acervare to heap, f. acervus heap.] The 
action of heaping up, accumulation. 

17 in Batty (folio); whence in Jounson, Asn, etc. 

+Exacinate, v. Ods. [f. med.L. exacinat- 
ppl. stem of exactndre, f. ex- out+ acinus grape- 
stone.] /vaits. To remove kernels or stones from 
fruit. 1656-1681 in Blount Glossogr. 

Hence + E:xacina‘tion. Odés. 

1658-96 in Puittirs, 1730-6 in Batvey (folio), 1775 in Asx. 

Exacion, obs. form of Exaction. 

Exact (egzzx'kt), a. [ad. L. exact-ws, pa. pple. 
of exigére: see EXACT v. 

The L. adj. has the senses (1) ‘ highly finished, consum- 
mate’, from the vb. in the sense ‘ to complete, bring to per- 
fection’, and (2) ‘accurate, precise’, from the vb. in the 
sense ‘to calculate precisely’. See Exact v.] 

I. Perfected, consummate, ‘finished’. 

+1. Of qualities, conditions, attainments, etc. : 
Consummate, finished, refined, perfect. Rarely in 
bad sense. Oés. 

Expressions like ‘exact taste’ have a mixed notion of 
sense 5b, to which the later instances should perh. be re- 
ferred. 

1633 G. Herpert Temple, Providence viii, We all ac- 
knowledge both thy power and love To be exact, transcen- 
dent, and divine. a@1659 Osporn Queries Epist. (1673) 
Ssivb, The imployment of Children in their exactest is 
nocencie, being to make Houses and raise Pies of Dirt. 
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., The hearing is 
most exact in the hare. 1676 Hate Contemp. 1. 123 They 
..pursued..their Redeemer with..exact Bitterness. 1702 
C. Matuer Magn. Chr. ut. m1. (1852) 546 Certain Indians, 
whose exacter education he was desirous of. 1726 W. R. 
Curtwoop Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 203 Every Feature so exact 
and uniform .. that I was amaz’d. hice A Swirr, To a very 
yng. Lady, A man .. of an excellent understanding, and an 
exact taste. i é : 

+2. Of persons: Highly skilled, accomplished, 
(in taste) refined. Ods. 

1599 Haxcuyt Voy. II. 1. 28 Baldwine a Deuonshire man 
..Was a m8 eloquent man, an exact Philosopher. c¢ 1616 


Fretcner Q. Corinth 1. ii, A Lady of your youth..a 
most exact lady, may doe all this Out of a vertuous love. 
1656 R. Rosinson Christ Adi 80 Christ, he is as exact in 
all spiritual diseases as he is in any disease. 1667 Mitton 
P. L. 1x. 1017 Eve, now I see thou art exact of taste. 1725 
Pore Odyss. xvi. 275 Two Sew'rs.. Exact of taste. 

+3. Of material objects: Highly wrought, ela- 
borate. Of buildings, etc. : Well-designed. Ods. 

1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 477 Smallest Lineaments exact In 
all the Liveries dect of Summers pride. ¢1710 C. Fiennes 
Diary (1888) 89 A very Exact house and gardens, 

Il. Precise, rigorous, accurate. 

4. Of law and its administration, rules, order, 

procedure, etc.: Admitting of no deviation, precise, 


rigorous. ‘Of diet: Strictly regulated. 
of Starkey England 1. ii. 52 Hyt was not ybul 
sodeynly, by exacte law and pollycy, to bryng such a rude 


multytude to perfayt cyvylyte. 1594 Hooker Zecé. Pol. 1. 
ii. (1611) 4 Obeorvath in sk sa most exact order or lawe. 
1732 Ansutunot Auiles of Diet 355 The Patient. .ma 
tract a miserable Life with an exact thin Diet of ey 
Broths, etc, 1748 Hartiey Odserv. Man 1. iii. 296 Here 
there is the exactest Uniformity. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India I. v. iii. 414 The troops were kept in such exact dis- 
cipline, that the people .. remained in their houses, 
Emerson Soc. & Solit., Elog. Wks. (Bohn) III. 41 Elo- 
quence. .rests on laws the most exact and determinate. 

5. a. Of actions, processes, investigations, know- 
ledge, etc.: Accurate in detail, strict, rigorous. 

1533 More — i, Wks. 845/2 Suche exacte m- 
speccion..to be by me vsed in my wryting. . 1561 T. Nor- 


ton Calvin's Just. 1. 6b, There nedeth .. an dili- 
gence. 1603 Jas. I in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 244. II]. 81 How 
waire judgis Id be in trusting te an 
exacte 1. Vestry Bks, (Surtees) 


about the church. 1791 Cowrer — I. 549 
DCLIFFE 


Myst. Udolpho i, He gave an exact acquaintance with every 
= elegant literature. 1857 Dickens Lef#. (1880) II. 19, 
shall act wu it in the most exact 1857 BuckLe 


manner, 
Civiliz. 1.vil, 337 [Boyle] was the first who instituted exact 
are fe into the relation between colour and heat. 

. Of persons or their faculties: Characterized 
by accuracy of knowledge, observation, statement, 
workmanship, conduct, etc. Of a judge, etc.: 
Strict, rigorous. 

1597 Bacon £ss., Studies (Arb.) 10 Reading maketh a 
full man, conference a readye man, and writing an exacte 
man. 1607 Suaks. Timon u1.ii. 165 Call me before th’exact- 
est Auditors And set me on the proofe. i «0 Hammonp On 


Ps, cxiiii. 2 Paraphr. 690 To aj wi or comfort 
before thine exact tribunal ! Burnet Rights Princes 
v. 148 Mezeray is the exacter Writer. 1696 Wuiston 7%. 


Earth 1. (1722) 34, I have followed our most exact Observer 
Mr. Flamstead. 1725 Pore Odyss. xx1. 439 The bow perus- 
ing with exactest eye. 1780 Cowper 7/adle-t. 646 Then 
Pope, as harmony itself exact..Gave Virtue and Morality 
a grace. 1848 M. Arnotp Poems 1877 1. 26, 1..Am the 
exacter labourer, 1849 Grote Greece 11. xlvii. (1862) 1V. 
144 The poorer citizens..were more exact in obedience and 
discipline. : ; 

6. Of ideas, images, representations, expressions, 
descriptions, resemblances, etc.: Perfectly corre- 
sponding, strictly correct, precise, accurate. 

1645 Mitton 7etrach. (1851) 236 The visible and exactest 
figure of lonelines it selfe. 1663 CowLrey Royal Society iv, 
Who to the Life an exact Piece would make. 1672 WILKINS 
Nat. Relig. 400 This book contains as the most ancient, so 
the most exact story of the world. 1753 Hocartu Anal, 
Beauty iii. 19 ‘The exact similarity of the two halves of the 
face. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. I. 1.79 It is not easy 
to give an exact translation of this passage. 1796 H. Hun- 
TER tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) U1. 178 Such a one 
is able to form in his own mind an exact idea of order, 1816 
Scott Axtig. vii, It was some time before they [shouts] 
were in exact response to their own. 1881 TyLor Anthropol. 
v. 133 Man's efforts to get easier, fuller, and exacter expres- 
sion for his thoughts. 

7. Of a calculated result, a quantity or quanti- 
tative relation, a position, figure, date, etc.: Pre- 
cise as ed pag to approximate. Also with de- 
fining word: That is precisely what is designated ; 
=‘ (the) precise’. 

1601 Suaks. Ad/'s Well ut. vi. 65 The merit of seruice is 
sildome attributed to the true and exact performer, 1664 
Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 187 The Cutting and the Pruning 
were perform’d in such and such an exact Minute of the 
Moon. 1802 Pacey Nat. Vheol. iii. § 1.21 ‘The pupil, under 
all its different dimensions, retains its exact circular shape. 
1806 Hurton Course Math. 1. 205 When the given surd 
contains no exact power, it is already in its most simple 
terms, 1849 Mrs. SomerviLte Connex. Phys, Sc. iv. 32 
Not following the exact law of gravity. 1860 TyNpALt 
Glac. 1. vii. 50 The exact appearance of a mountain of cast 
copper. 1861 FLo. NicutincALe Nursing 5 The exact value 
of particular remedies..is by no means ascertained. 1878 
Huxtey Physiogr. 7 At the instant of reaching its greatest 
height, or in other words at exact noon. Mod. TheSe are 
his exact words. A is an exact multiple of B. 

8. Of methods, instruments of research, language, 
etc.: Characterized by precision, not admitting 
of vagueness or uncertainty. Z.xact sciences: those 
which admit of absolute precision in their results ; 
esp. the mathematical sciences. 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 37 Having no instruments exact 
enough. 168: CueTHam Angler's Vade-m. Pref. (1689) 4 
Perfect knowledge of the exactest ways of the practical part 
ofthe Art. 1764-71 H. WatroLe Vertue's Anecd. Paint. 
(1786) II. 73 The exactest arts of building ships ..were not 
unknown to him. 184x Myers Cath. 7h. mu. § 7.22 No 
spoken language has yet been found exact enough to ex- 
press the highest generalisations. 1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ, 
1. i. 3 All who have studied an exact science must have 
experienced the formidable difficulties which elementary 
chapters invariably present. 1866 J. Martineau £ss. 1. 3 The 
exact sciences constituted the Pp agentes = discipline. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 26 creative arts..we may 
make two classes—the less exact and the more exact. 

+9. As adv. = Exactiy. Ods. ; 

1677 Givin Demonol. (1867) 407 In seeming exact-suiting 
scripture suggested. 1692 Locke duc. § 11 Nature.. 
works of her self a great deal better and exacter than we 
can direct her. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 182 Guide his 
Foot the firmer and exacter. 1737 Pore Hor. Efist. u. ii. 
% There’s a Rehearsal, Sir, exact at one. 1791 Cowrer 

ardley Oak 36 Two lobes, protruding, paired exact. 

+ Exa‘ct, pple. Obs. rare—'. (Pad. L. exact- 
us, pa. pple. of exigére: see Exact v.] Drawn 
forth by descent, descended. 

1602 Warner A Zb, feeb x1. Ixi. (1612) 267 Of noble Parent- 
age and rich was Mandeuil exact. 

Exact (egzekt), v. [f. L. exact- ppl stem of 
exigére, f. ex out + agére to drive. The lit. sense 
is thus ‘to drive or force out’; hence the various 
derivative senses ‘to demand, require’; ‘ to try, 
weigh er ‘to-complete, bring to perfec- 
tion’; with other significations not retained in 
the English derivative. 

1. “rans, To demand and enforce the payment 
of (fees, money, taxes, tolls, penalties, etc.) ; to 
extort. Const. from, of, + on, + upon. 


EXACT. 
More Supplic Soulys Wks. freres quarter- 
1529 More ne glisiThe 


age, which he sayd that 
tsgh in WH. Turer Select fee O 193 The Mayr. 
Burgesses orrestP leas, 
foes 8 Sees “re. 95 Tos sess Rowe 
alas t for teanure of 
age Hoses estan means: 264 Where 5 Law arenas 
a Pecuniary Mulct. 1661 Marve.t Corr. Wks. 1872-5 LI. 
oe nosed. ens EE Soe Som ee 
are speci! BS UNDRELL Fourn. Ferus. (1732) 
They cake occaten to SERIE Peavengere erties 
«Sums. 1749 Fiecpinc Tom 1 vi, terers..exact 
which they themselves 


1856 Emerson Eng. 7raits, Voy. 
to Eng. Wks. (Bohn) II. 14 This seafari 1 d 
toll. from ships of all other peoples. 

+b. To require or enforce the surrender of (an 
object). Ods. 


45 PSOp 


1858 Frovpe Hist. Eng. II. xii. 3 The revenge which he 
oan one day exact agehiat his ain 1874 Green Short 
Hist. ii. 65 The King angrily bade him exact vengeance 
from the town. . 

+d. With Zersonal obj. To extort money, etc. 
from; to oppress with exactions. Obs. 

1534 Act en. VIIT, c. 6. § 2 The officers. unlawfully 
exacted the Kinges subiectes. 1597 Damier Civ. Wares 
1. lxxxix, The poor concussed state Shall ever be exacted 


for a OE 2 

2. To require by force or with authority the 
performance of (duty, labour, etc.), the concession 
of (anything desired); to insist upon. Const. 
Srom, of ; in early use sometimes with clause or inf. 

as obj, 
_ 1564 Gotpinc tr. ¥ustin (1570) 87 The common people .. 
importunately exacted to haue all dettes clerely released. 
1576 Fieminc Panofl, Epist. 97 The courtesie which I 
exact of you. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1. v, Let my 
breath exact You strike sad tones unto this di act. 
1638 R. West in Yousonus Virb. 56 Thou exact’st our best 
houres industrie. 1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low-C, Warres 
175 All the Wealth is almost in their Hands, whereof 
an Account is exacted. 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) 1. 
148 A Precept .. too perfect to be severely exacted in that 
Infant Age. 1 Snertock Disc. (1759) I. iii. 95 Christ 
came to exact Obedience from every Creature. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 235 Ever since the reign of Eliza- 
beth the oath of supremacy had been exacted from members 
of the House of Commons, 1863 Fr. A. Kemsre Resid. 
Georgia & Labor exacted with stripes. 1871 Freeman 
Norm. Cong. (1876) 1V. xvii. 9t William exacted strict 
attendance at divine service from all his company. 

3. Of circumstances, conditions, dignities, etc. : 
To render becoming, desirable, necessary, or un- 
avoidable; to call for, demand, require. Const. 
Srom, of, rarely with direct personal obj. and inf. 

1592 West Symbol. § 56. Cij b, Then followeth the draw- 
ing of such Instruments in forme. .as the qualitie of the fact 
or contract exacteth. 1601 Br. Bartow Serm. Paules 
Crosse 27 The crowne exacteth of us reuerence. 1602 Mar- 
ston Antonio's Rev. u. ii, Our state exactes, Our subjects 
not alone to but praise our acts, 1672 Vittiers 
(Dk. Backhes,) difesren! e1=a\ag The place you fill, has 
more than amply exacted the Tallents of a wary Pilot. 
1680 Boyte Scept, Chem. v. 289, I must withhold my Beleef 
«till their ae, roped exact it. 1683 D. A, Art 
18 Their gray hairs exact of usa icular respect. 1853 C. 
Brontét Villette xxx. (1876) 344 No form of friendship under 
the sun had a right to exact such a concession. Kane 
Arct. Expl. 1. xxxi. 423 The scurvy exacts a comfortable 
temperature and a drying one. 


+4. intr. To practise exactions, impose contribu- 


-tions. Const. om, upon. Also in indirect pass. 


cxggt in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 78 Gevinge to the 
nobilitie.. vnjuste ..libertie to exact on the baser sorte of 
people. 16zx Biste Ps. Ixxxix. 22 The enemie shall not 
exact vpon him, ax6r9 Daniet Cod. Hist. Eng. Era 35 
He was again inf . how he d upon or- 
mans. in Gutch Coé?. Cur. 1. 276 Others were exacted 
upon in what they ht. 1687 Burner 7rav. ii, (1750) 86 
Innkeepers think oy, ve a right to exact upon Strangers. 
1727 Swirt Modest i tone 1755 Il. u. Pd cheat and 


5. trans. In etymological sense: To force out, 


extract. arch. 
1639 Fuuter Holy War u. xliv. (1647) 103 It passeth my 
Chymistrie to exact any t ‘in out of the con- 


iety of wri "te Te i. We do 
Hes cliches cb ihak teagical: Cayeuatiy, Soaes ‘ell ts 
venom. 1883 R. Bripces Prometheus (1884) 6 He next with- 
drew The seeds of fire that else had still lain hid In .. the 
blue flakes of flint For man to exact and use. 

. In various occasional uses: +a. To inte! 
rigorously (0ds.). tb. To render exact, finish, 
perfect (ods.). @. nonce-use (after L. exigere). To 
produce (a work of art). 

1646 J. Grecory — § Obs. (650 27 This eon ii, 12] 


is a strange Phrase, if 
of expressing. B. in Corr. Sci. Men 
(1843) IL. ol fave tore out some eaves . Wl shall 
somewhat more exacted 
iii, (2878) 70, I think the ‘ Dunciad’ is the most absolutely 
chiselled and monumental work ‘exacted’ in our country. 
7. Law. (See quots.) ig Bt 
yen Lat A ' feent, ji oo 
eG et ee i gay te 


to be called ap : 
uireth expearance or answer 

laws 1769 BLackstone Comm. LIL, 28, A writ of exigent 

or exigi /acias .. which requires the to cause the 


— 


EXACTABLE. 


defendant to be proclaimed, required, or exacted, in five 
county courts perce to render himself ;.. if he does 
not appear, he shall then be outlawed. 

transf. 1858 Hocac Life Shelley 1. 289 Shelley.. ought 
to have been exacted five times .. before the outrageous 
sentence of outlawry was passed against him. 


Exactable (egze’ktab’l), a. [f. Exacr v.+ 
-ABLE.] That can be exacted. 

1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIV. 622 A certain percentage is 
exactable. 1 wag s Mag. X1V. 798 The highest rate of 
interest ‘ exactable’ by law was five per cent. 


Exacted (egzektéd), ppl. a. 
-ED!.] In senses of the vb. 

1618 Barnevelt’s ba 08 Eivb, The third part of the exacted 
debts. 1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia v. 183 Finding the In- 
habitants. .abhorring all exacted labour. 1874 Miss Mutock 
My Mother § I 138 Beyond exacted lessons I had never 
cared to study. 

Exacter (egze'kto1). [f. Exact v.+-rrl: see 
Exacror.] 

1. One who enforces payment of (dues); also 
one who demands more than his due, an extor- 
tioner. Const. of; = Exacror 1 and 2. = 

1598 Haxtuyr Voy, I. 55 They [the Tartars] are most in- 
tollerable exacters. 1612 Bacon Ess., Yudicature (Arb.) 
458 The attendance of Courts is subiect to foure bad instru- 
ments..The fourth is the Poler and exacter of fees. 1673 
Tempe Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 I. 47 They..take 
Advantage of other Mens Ignorance .. as great Exacters, 
where the Law is in their own Hands. 168r H. More 
Expos. Daniel 183 Antiochus Epiphanes shall be a great 
exacter of Tributes. 5 

transf. 1596 B. GrirFin Fidessa (1876)8 Vnkind exacters 
of their fathers breath, 

2. = Exacrorn 3. Const. of; also wfon with 
pers. obj. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. 110 A rigorous exacter 
that will not be satisfied but with his ful task performed. 
1640 Br, Haut Zfisc. 1. viii. 31 The rigid exacters of the.. 
Judaicall observation of the Lords day. 1648 ikon Bas. 
81 Prone to be. .rigorous exacters upon others. 1702 Exg. 
Theophrast. 185 Nomen are so strict exacters of modesty 
in a servant as those that are most prodigal of their own. 
1759 Charac. in Ann. Reg. 317/2 He wasso rigid an exacter 
of perfection. 1788 Disinterested Love 11.144 A severe 
exacter of pensive looks and solemn faces. 

Exacting (egzz‘ktin), vd/. sb. [f. Exact v.+ 
-IncGl.] The action of the vb. Exacr. 

1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. m. ii. 295 Disguise shall by 
th’disguised Pay with falshood, false exacting. @1716 
Soutn Serm. I. vy. (R.), By a vigilant exacting from them 
[teachers]. .the instruction of their respective flocks, 

Exacting (egzektin), A/. a. [f. prec.+1NG?.] 
That exacts, in senses of the vb. 

+1. That collects taxes. Obs. 

_ @1618 Rateicu Prerog, Parl. 9 Hee called all his exact- 
ing officers to accompt. 

. That demands excessive payment, extortionate. 

1583 Stuspes Avzat, Abus. u. 85 If he for the execution 
therof should aske me more..than we agreed for, were not 
this man a naughtie, exacting, and fraudulent felowe? 

3. Of persons, their feelings, temper, etc.: That 
requires or is disposed to require too great adyan- 
tages, exertions, or sacrifices. 

1634 Hapincton Casfara(Arb.) 107 Set at liberty by death 
thou owest no debt T’ exacting Nature. 1848 Dickens 
Dombey x\, Mrs. Skewton. .was in the irresolute, exacting, 
jealous temper that had developed itself on her recovery. 
1873 Biack Pr. Thule ix. 132 You are naturally jealous and 
exacting. 1882 Miss Brappon M+. Royal I. i. 4 All the 
exacting ideas of early youth in relation to love and lovers. 

absol. 1847 Busunett Chr. Nurt. u. v. (1861) 328 There 
is a great difference between..the exact and the exacting. 
1868 Pearp Water-Farm. xi. 115 The returns shall. .satisfy 
the most exacting. 

Hence Exa‘ctingly adv., in an exacting manner, 
Exa‘ctingness, the quality of being exacting. 

1849 Lit, World (N. Y.) No. 127. 4 It [truth] applies to 
particulars as exactingly as to generals. 1866 Contenzp. 
Rev, II. 188 A sensitiveness about his own position. . which 
might have turned to jealous exactingness. 1889 Mortry 
Walpole 107 The boundless activity and exactingness of a 
reformed House of Commons, 

Exaction (egze'kfan). [a. F. exaction, ad. L. 
exaction-em, n. of action f. exigére: see Exact v.] 
The action of exacting. 

1. The action of demanding and enforcing pay- 
ment (of fees, taxes, penalties, etc.) ; an instance of 
the same. 

¢1380 Wyctir Se, Wks. III. 517 pe binggus pat ben duwe 
to prest shulde. .be 30ven frely, wipouten exaccioun. 1382 
— 2 Macc. iv.27 Exactioun of tributis perteynede to hym. 
1489 Sc. Acts Fas. LV (1597) § 18 Of the quhilk tak thair, 

exaction thairof, our Sere Lord..knew na. .cause. 
1596 Suaxs. Merch. V.1. iii. 166 What should I gaine By 
the exaction of the forfeiture? 16g2 NEEDHAM tr. Sedden’s 
Mare Cl. 6 Assigning of places for the exaction of it [cus- 
toms]. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India III. i. 30 He was the 
proper object of penal exaction. 1832 Hr. MArtTinEau 
Ireland 108 He could not allow that its [tithe’s] exaction 
deserved the name of plunder. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) III. 
303 Exactions of market and harbour dues, 

b. The action of enforcing the performance of 

(a task) or the rendering of (respect, service, obe- 
dience, etc.). 
_ 1674S. Vincent Gallants Acad. 93 He .. is strictly just 
in the exaction of respect. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. 
Org.v. 161 The exaction of a written dissertation on a given 
thesis. .seems likely to be efficacious. 

2. The action of demanding or requiring more 


[f Exact v. + 


359 


than is due or customary; an instance of the 
same; an illegal or exorbitant demand ; extortion. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. 1v. Ixiv. 43 [Allectus] vsed and exer- 
cysyd many Tyrannyes and exaccions. 1578 T. N. tr. 
Cong. W. India, Complaintes against Mutezuma of many 
wrongs and exactions done by him. 1632 Litucow 7’rav. 
v. 180 The Master..(who as he was an Infidell, vsed me 
with great exaction). 1655 Dicces Compl. Ambass. 21 Great 
exactions used by the innkeepers at Gravesend. 1785 
Burke Sf. Nabob Arcot's Debts Wks. 1V. 286 Tyrannous 
exaction brings on servile concealment. 1863 Mary Howitt 
F. Bremer’s Greece U1. xiv. 108 The Christians of the 
plain are especially exposed to exactions of the Govern- 
ment, 1873 Hatt Mod. Eng. 348 We may, without 
being chargeable with exaction, ask of him to remit a little 
the rigour of his requirements. 

8. A sum of money which is exacted; an arbi- 
trary and excessive impost. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vi. xix. (1495) 205 Lordes 
.-ouersette. .the people wyth exaccyons and talyages. 1460 
CaprGrave Chron, 227 Many cytees in Gyan fel fro the 
obediens of Prince Edward .. for grevous exacciones that 
were leyde upon hem. 1516 Pynson Life St. Birgette in 
Myrr. our Ladye Introd. 53 The kyng of Swecia wolde 
haue charged his comons with a great exacion. 1613 SHAKS. 
Hen, VIII, 1. ii. 25 They vent reproches Most bitterly on 
you, as putter on Of these exactions. 1786 Burke W. 
Hastings Wks. 1842 II, 123 The small balance of fifteen 
thousand pounds remaining of the unjust exaction aforesaid. 
1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) II. viii. 256 ‘The exactions 
might have been tolerated if the people had been repaid 
by protection. 

4. Law. (See quot.) 

1641 Ternzes de la Ley 149 Extortion is where an Officer 
demaundeth and wresteth a greater summe or reward than 
his iust fee: And Exaction is where an Officer or other man 
demaundeth and wresteth a fee..where no fee..is due at 
all. 1672 in Cowel's Interpr. 

b. (See quot. and Exact v. 7). 

1816 Cuitty Crim. Law I. 359 The five exactions or call- 
ings of the defendant, and his non-appearance at the five 
successive county courts. 

+ Exa‘ctious, a. Ols. rare. [f. Exacri-on 
+-ous.] Characterized by exaction; exorbitant. 

1630 KR. Johnson's Kingd. § Commi. 477 An exactious 
Prince. 1633 Cal. St. Papers Dec., The parish clerk .. 
would not suffer a poor parishioner..to be buried without 
such exactious fees as were unreasonable. 

Exactitude (egzektitivd). [a. F. exactitude, 
f. exact: see Exacta. and -rupE.] The quality 
of being exact; attention to minutix, accuracy 
of detail, precision. + Also (as in Fr.) = Exacr- 
NESS, perfect correctness (of a statement). 

1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. V. 132 There is.. in virtue, 
an exactitude and steadiness or rather a kind of stiffness. 
1794 G. Apams Nat. § Exp. Philos. I. xi. 440 The weight 
of the balloon determined with the most scrupulous exacti- 
tude. 1825 T, JEFFERSON Writ. (1830) 1V. 419, 1 have no 
doubt of the exactitude of the statement in your letter. 
1859 Gro. Ettor A. Bede 87 Performing the initial duties 
to her dead with the awe and exactitude that belong to 
religious rites. 1870 LowELt Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 
153 To occupy himself with the exactitudes of science. 

Exactive (egzektiv), a rare. [f. L. exact-us 
(see Exact v.)+-IvE.] Disposed to exact or be 
exacting. Const. of Hence Exa‘ctiveness, the 
quality of being exactive. 

1822[G. Grote] Axa. Infl. Nat. Relig., Personal affections 
..almost always frivolous and exactive. 1868 W. Hanna 
Ministry in Galilee 216, 1 am selfishly exactive of affection. 

1628 Le Grys tr. Barclay’s Argenis 250 It was..an exac- 
tiueness of vertue, that had made him ‘carry himselfe with 
such modesty. 

Exactly (egze'ktli), adv. [f. Exact a.+-1yv2.] 

+1. In a perfect manner, perfectly ; to a perfect 
degree, to perfection; completely. Oés. 

@ 1533 Fritu Disput. Purgat. (1829) 85 The Scripture is 
for that intent left with us, fat it may be understood of us 
exactly, and to the uttermost point. 1602 SHAKs. Ham. 
1. ii, 200 A figure like your Father, Arm’d at all points 
exactly, Cap a Pe, Appeares before them. 1639 FuLLER 
Holy War v, xxx. (1647) 283 His Frontier cities. .are exactly 
fortified. 1663 Boye Consid. Exp. §& Nat. Phil. 1. 60 In 
the Life to come, when we shall questionless glorifie God 
exactliest, we shall have, etc. 1664 Power £.xf. Philos. 
u. 88 Glass-Tubes..exactly closed ; or Hermetically sealed 
at the one end. 1667 Boye Orig. Formes & Qual. 32, I 
could not find it had any in places exactly darkened. 1680 
Burnet Rochester (1692) 7 He was exactly well bred. 
cxg1o C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 108 On the top of we" hill 
you see a vast prospect Exactly Round it. 1726 W. R. 
Cuetwoop Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 357 They are .. exactly 
proportion’d in their Features. 

2. In an exact or accurate manner; with careful 
attention to detail ; with strict conformity to rule ; 
punctually ; with propriety. Now somewhat 
rare, 

1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit, xxi (1627) 249 Learning to con- 
strue the Hebrew into the Latine exactly. 1644 EvELYN 
Mem. (1857) 1. 66, I went to see more exactly the rooms of the 
fine Palace of Luxembourg. 1709 SteeLE Vatler No. 5 P 2 
He remembered he was to sup with a Friend, and went ex- 
actly to his Appointment. rzr2 Tickett Sfect. No. 410 Pt 
A Lady most exactly dressed from Head to Foot. 1756 C. 
Lucas Ess. Waters 1. 87 Let it be quickly dried on the out- 
side, and exactly weighed. 1774 Cuesterr. Left. I. xlii. 
135 We must. .not pass a word which we do not understand 
-.Without exactly inquiring the meaning of it. 1818 Jas. 
Mut Brit. India I. v. viii. 682 The sixth part [of his re- 
venues] had been exactly paid. 1832 Hr. Martineau AHiZ 
§ Vail. iv, 66 He paid for his lodging exactly and regularly. 

+3. Precisely, as opposed to vaguely ; in express 
terms. Ods, 


EXACTNESS. 


1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. ix. 36, 1 adhere unto 
Archimedes who speaketh exactly, rather than the sacred 
Text which speaketh largely. 

4. Of knowledge or statement : Accurately, with 
strict correctness, 

1976 Trial Nundocomar 23/1, 1 do not know his age 
exactly, he isa young man. 1866 G. MacponaLp Aun. Q. 
Neighb, xi. (1878) 225, I could not repeat the words exactly 
to Old Rogers. 1879 Lockyer Elem. Astron. vii. 240 The 
circumference .. more exactly expressed .. is 3:14159 times 
the diameter. 

5. Of resemblance, agreement, adaptation, cor- 
relation: Precisely; without any discrepancy. 

1662 SrituincrL. Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. § 2 Every event 
is not exactly correspondent to the prediction. 1766 
Gotps. Vic. IV. xi, I was of opinion, that two such places 
would fit our two daughters exactly. 1806 Hutton Course 
Math. 1. 145 Divide the numerators by each other, and the 
denominators by each other, if they will exactly divide. 
1860 TYNDALL Glaciers 1. x. 65 When this hail was squeezed 
together, it exactly resembled a mass of oolitic limestone. — 

b. Qualifying a predication of identity, a speci- 
fied_ quantitative relation, position, manner, time, 
etc.: Precisely, ‘just’, as opposed to approximately. 

1658 F, Osporne fist. Mem. Q. Eliz. A v, Good Books 

- running .. so exactly the fate of Acorns. 1776 ADAM 
Situ W. N. 1.1. i. 12 Every other workman being exactly 
in the same situation. 1809 RoLanp Fencing 26 It is not 
a general rule to recover exactly in the same position of 
your sword. 1816 J. SmitH Panorama Sc. & Art I. 

20 The seventh division falls exactly on the bend of the 
(ie 1823 Lamp £//a (1867) 99 Had I twenty girls, they 
should be brought up exactly in this fashion. 1845 Forp 
Handbk, Spain 1, 56 The English will go exactly as if they 
were in England. 1858 Larpner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil. 
Heat 329 The difference. .will be found to be exactly equal 
to the height of a column, etc. Mod. Exactly at one o'clock 
Her Majesty arrived. You are exactly the man for the post. 

ce. e/lipt. expressing entire approval of, or con- 
currence in, a suggested statement. co//og. 

1869 W.S. Gitpert Bad, Ball,‘ Nancy Bell’ xvi, ‘Vm 
boiled if I die, my friends’, quoth I, And ‘exactly so’, 
quoth he. AZod. ‘Then you think the letter is a forgery?’ 
‘Exactly’, : 

d. with expressed or implied negative, often 
used when the statement denied is to be replaced 
by another somewhat similar in effect. 

Mod. Without exactly denying it, he led me to believe it 
was nottrue, He is not exactly a scholar, but he has read 
a great deal. 

Exactment (egzektmént’. ware. [f. Exacr v. 
+-MENT.] The action of exacting ; exaction. 

1808 Lamp Sfec. Eng. Dram. Poets 527 The hours and 
half-hours as they expire.. bring him nearer and nearer to 
the exactment of his dire compact. 

Exactness (egzx'ktnés). [f. Exact a. + -NESS.] 
The quality or condition of being exact. 

41. Consummate skill ; perfection of workman- 
ship, high finish ; elaborateness. Ods. 

1564 Hawarp Lutropius To Rdr. 6 That worthy orator 
apperceived that Tully should in processe of time bereft y* 
Gretians of theyr exactnesse in all sciences. 1658 UssHEr 
Ann. vi. 592 Young men, who gave offence to every body 
by..the exactnesse of their hair, 1668 D. SmitH Voy. Con- 
stantinople in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 19 For curious Painting 
rich Altars, and exactness of Architecture, incomparable. 
1695 Lp. Preston Soeth. 111. 121 How fleeting, and of how 
short Duration is Beauty and Exactness of Feature. 1697 
C’tess D’ Aunoy’s Trav. (1706) 123 He went to walk in his 
Gardens, whose exactness yields in nothing to ours. 


+2. Of laws, rules, observances : Strictness, 


rigour. Obs. 

1631 R. Byrietp Doctr. Sabb, 82 They observed their 
Festivals with severe exactnesse from all worke. 1633 Br. 
Hatt Hard Texts, N. T. 34 1f thou knewest the exactnesse 
of the law and thine owne weakness, 1732 BERKELEY 
Akiphr. w. § 23 Doth any one find fault with the exact- 
ness of geometrical rules. 1747 WesLey Prim. Physic (1762) 
p. xvii, Observe. .the greatest Exactness in your Regimen. 

Of processes, results, methods, statements, 
etc. : Minute accuracy, precision. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. vii. 197 We made 
triall in Scales of good exactnesse. 1658 A. Fox tr. Wurtz’ 
Surg. i. y. 58 Other Wounds. .require not such exactness in 
the dressing. 1667 Phzl. Trans. I1. 435 At Sea..the Meri- 
dian is not so easie to be found to any tolerable exactness. 
1736 Butter Axa/. Introd. Wks. 1874 I. 4 Persons .. who 
require things to be stated with greater exactness than our 
faculties appear to admit of. 1747 BerKELEY 7ar-water in 
Plague Wks. III. 487 These [medicines] require an exact- 
ness in the dose, where a small error may produce a great 
mischief. 1841 W. Spatpinc /taly & /t, Jsi. 11.47 A 
plan of the old church, representing with sufficient exactness 
its state at Charlemagne’s coronation. 1876 J, H. NEwMAN 
Hist. Sk. 1, 1. v. 263 This very absence of scientific exact- 
ness..constituted in Roman eyes a principal charm of 
Cicero’s compositions. 

4. Minute attention to detail; carefulness, accu- 
racy. In f/. Instances of the same. 

1645 Mitton Tetrach, Ded. (1851) 141 The industry, the 
exactnesse, the labour in it, confess’d to be more then 
ordnary. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. i. i. § 16 With the 
same exactness hee goes through all the parts of the body. 
1716 Lapy M. W. MontacueE Le?t. I. ii. 10, I shall follow 
your orders with great ..exactness. 1754 RICHARDSON 
Grandison (1810)-V1. lii. 337 Has Lady G. dated?. No, I 
protest ! We women are above such little exactnesses. 1797 
Mrs. Rapcuirre /talian xxiv, He reviewed, with exactness, 
the late behaviour of the Marchesa. 1855 Macautay His#. 
Eng. IV. 463 Hehad..that sort of exactness which would 
have made him a respectable antiquary. 1875 WHITNEY 
Life Lang. ii. 29 Every writer who aims at exactness has to 
begin with definitions. 


EXACTOR. 


+b. Of b raccoons habits: Regularity, punctu- 
ality. Of deportment, dress, etc.: Preciseness, 
formal propriety. Ods. 

1683 D. A. Art Converse 4 A certain exactness in all our 
words and expressions. 1689 Burner 7racts 1. 8 A mixture 
of a French openness and an Italian exactness. 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 423” 2 An unaffected Exactness in his Dress 
and Manner. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam, 1. 167 
Six o'clock is our hour: you know my exactness. 

(egzeektaz). Also 4 exactoure, 5-7 
exactour, 7 exactore. [a. L. exactor, agent-n. 
f. exigére: see Exact v. and -or. Cf. Exacrer.] 

1. One who exacts: (in Lat. senses) a, An officer 
who levies or collects tribute, taxes, or customs ; 
a tax-collector. arch. om 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 259/2The exactors went 
about to extort from the hurchmen the fift part of their 
goods, 16xx Bree /sa. Ix. 17, I will also make thy officers 
peace, and thine exactours righteousnesse. 1867 FREEMAN 
Norm. Cong. (ed. 3) I. iii. 99 uote, The word [Reeve], under 
the form of Grieve, has changed from a public to a private 
exactor. eas 

+b. An officer of justice (see quot.). Ods. 

1388 Wycuir Deut. xvi. 18 marg., Exactours ben thei that 
enqueren the truthe bi mesurable betingis and turmentis ; 
aaa performen the sentence of iugis. 1582 V. 7. (Rhem.) 
Luke xii. 58 Lest .. the iudge deliuer thee to the exactour 
[x6xx officer] and the exactour cast thee into prison. 

e. One whose duty it is to enforce the perform- 
ance of work; a taskmaster. 

1609 Biste (Douay) Zr. v. 6 He commanded in that day 
the overseers of the workes and the exactores of the people. 
1611 — Yobxxxix. 7 Neither regardeth he the cry of the 
driver [arg. exactor]. 7 

One who makes illegal or unjustifiable exac- 
tions ; an extortioner, oppressor. 

1 Wycutr Zech. ix. 8 The exactoure, or the vniust axer, 
Ss na more passe vpon hem. c1gsj3o H. Ruopes Bk, 
Nurture in Babees Bk. 106 Bee not an exactour of another 
man. 1586 T. B. La Primaud Fr, Acad. 1. (1594) 624 Pro- 
vided. .he become not prodigall, which would soone make 
him anexactor. 1650 tr. Caussin's Ang. Peace 45 No force 
of treasure is comparable to the greedinesse of the exactours 
themselves. 1818 Jas. Mitt Sit. /ndia II. v. vii. 604 
Whatever it was the pleasure of the exactor to take. 1833 I. 
‘Tavtor Fanat. v. 108 The warfare against ghostly exactors. 

3. One who demands, lays claim to, or insists 
upon (something) as a matter of right; often with 
the added notion of excess. Const. of. 

a 1619 Fornersy A theom. 1. vi. § 2 (1622) 42 As they re- 
posed great Religion in an oath, in respect of the Actor: so 
did they likewise, in respect of the Exactor. 1648 ikon 
Bas. 146 The will of my Enemies seems to be their onel 
rule. .their success the exactor of what they please to call 
justice. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. ut. 197 He was then 
an exactor of certain punctilioes. 1752 Jounson Rambler 
No. 193 P 6 There are fMmerciful exactors of adulation, 
who withhold the wages of venality. 1828 Sourney in 
Q. Rev. XX XVII. 218 So severe an exactor of accuracy . . 
ought to be more observant of it himself. 
My Schoolboy Friends 10 As the exactor of tasks. 

Jig. 1642 J. Eaton Honey-c. Free JFustific. 83 Moses his 
Law is a severe exactor. 

Exactress (egzxktrés). vave. [f. Exacror + 
-Es8!,] She that exacts, a female exactor. 

1611 Biste /sa. xiv. 4 How hath the oppressor ceased ! 
the golden city [#marg. exactress of gold] ceesed! 1624 B. 
Jonson Neptune's Triumph Wks. (Rtldg.) 639/2 That were 
a heavy and hard task, to satisfy expectation, who is, so 
severe an exactress of duties. 1833 J. Kenrick in PAzlo/. 
Mus. 11. 351 The name .. more probably means ‘ exactress 
of justice’. 

+ Exa‘cuate, v. Ods.  [irreg. f. L. exacu-ére 
(f. ex- intensive + acuére to sharpen) + -ATE3.] 

1. ¢rans. To make keen or sharp; to sharpen, 
stimulate, excite. 

1632 B. Jonson Magn. Lady ut. iii, Sense of such an 
injury received Should so exacuate, and whet your choler, 
1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xix. 680 Some halicks. . 
exacuate and strengthen the Inhabitants thereof (the Brain], 
the animal Spirits, 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

2. To make acrid or pungent. 

1674 Phil. Trans. 1X. 104 The Nitro-aerial Spirit. .doth 
sooner or later exacuate and make fluid the Salino-metallic 


parts. 
Hence + Exa‘cuated A//. a., + Exacua‘tion. 
Fectnam Resolves u. xxxiii. 227 The exacuated 
Tortures of Antiochus. 1623 Cockeram, Z.xacuation, a 
whetting, 1692-1732 Cores, E-racuation. 
+Exa‘dverse, a. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. exad- 
versum, -us ady., over inst, opposite, f. ex out 

+ adversum, -us towards, f. adversus: see AD- 
VERSE.] Directly be 

1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 22 If the 
can. .compromise exadverse and d 

Execation, obs. form of ExcecaTIon. 

Exeedify, var. f. Exrpiry. 

+ Exeestuate, v. Olds. Also 7 exe-. [f. ex- 
estuat- ppl. stem of exwstud-re, f. ex- (see Ex- 
pref.) + estud-re to boil up. Cf. A2stuare.] 

1. intr. To boil up; to ferment ; (of flames) to 


whole conclave of Hell 


flare - 

trangling Gt. Turk in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) V. 1 
No flames ws So cn more than their fury and raving, 
1730-6 Batey (folio), Zx@stuate, to boil or cast up waves, 


or as a boiling pot does, 1775 in Asn. 

2. trans. To overheat. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp, 53 That it may not too 
much exestuate the liver, 


agaynste them.. shall .. 


1875 A. R. Hore 


360 


4] (Wrongly explained ; see quot.). 

= Phys. Dict. xteclachipdasters: the heat of ce haga 

Hence + Exe'stuating #//. a., that boils or 

up. 

nae . Bonet’s Mere. C it. The unloadings 
anee ane ererdaasd by So ecntandeg bloud. ™ 

+Exestua‘tion. O/s. Also 7-8 exestuation. 
[ad. L. Ere ee. n. ps action f. exastud-re: 
see prec.] A boiling up; fermentation. 
1665 G. hice Mork Aan 7. iv. 44 If. .the pati 


is dis- 
commoded with a glowing heat under the short ribs, you 
may suppose it to be an exestuation. T. Futter 


rT 
Pharm. Extemp. These Earths mix in with it [the Bile] 


..and put a restraint upon its preternatural exestuation. 

1730-6 in Bamey (folio). 1775 in Asx. 
+ Exagger, v. Obs. [ad. L. exagver-dre: see 
trans. (and adsol.) = EXAGGERATE. 


el 
1535 Jove Afol. Tindale 26 Se how this man exaggereth. 
1597 T. Bearp Theatre God's Fudgm. 378 lulian .. exag- 
gered also his sacriledge with scornefull ieasts. 

Exaggerant (egze'dzérant). rare—'. [as if 
ad. L. exaggerant-em, pr. pple. of exagyerare: see 
EXaGGERATE.] One who holds exaggerated or 
extreme views ; an extremist. 

1803 W. Tayior in Aun. Rev. 1. 351 The moderate have 
less courage than the exaggerants, and therefore suit the 
majority. 

erate (egze'dzéreit), v. Also 6 ex- 
agerat. [f. L. exaggerat- ppl. stem of exaggera-re, 
f. ex- intensive + aggera-re to heap up, f. agger 
heap. Cf. F. exagérer, 16th c. exaggerer.] 

+1. “rans. To heap or pile up, accumulate: said 
with reference to both material and immaterial 
objects ; also to form by accumulation. Ods. 

1533 More Afol. Wks. 871/1 Yf hee woulde.. take no 
suche bywayes, he woulde not. .accumulate and exaggerate 
the gryefes. 1553 T. Witson Rhet. 63 b, In praisyng or 
dispraisyng, wee muste exaggerate those places towardes 
the ende, whiche make menne wonder at the straungenesse 
of any thyng. 1583 Stupges Anat. Adus. (1877) 58 With 
their flipping and flapping up and down in the dirte they 
exaggerate a mountain of mire. 162z Burton Anat. Mel. 
1. il, 11. (1651) 330 What a deal of trouble..do we sustain 
and exaggerate unto ourselves, to get that secure happiness 
..which we peradventure shall never have. 1677 Hate 
Prim. Orig. Man. i. vii. 191 Trees of Oak and Firr. .covered 
by..the Silt and Moorish Earth exaggerated upon them. 
Ibid. ww. ii. The water .. exaggerating and raising 
Islands and Continents in other parts. ‘ 

+2. To ‘pile up’ (eulogies, accusations) ; to 
emphasize (statements); to make much of, dwell 
on the greatness of (virtues, faults, conditions, etc.). 

1564 Brief. Exam. ss I iij, To exagerat the matter 

spared. x Marseck Bh. of 
Notes 707 This word (Mene) is doubled. .to exaggerate the 
certaintie of the matter. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 
1123 Alledging and exaggerating many his most cruell 
actions. 1620 SHELTON une (1725) IIL. 1. xxv. 175 They 
told..what had happened in the search for the ass, the one 
exaggerating the other's cunning in braying. 1650 R. 
Stapyiton Strada’s Low-C. Warres x. 19 Exaggerating, 
indeed not falsely, the Necessity of the Provinces. 
Eart Mono. Advt. fr. Parnass. 387 It was..very praise- 
worthy in Bishop Jovius to exaggerate the praises of the 
Princes his Benefactors. “XT Nortu Lives I. 401 His 
lordship. .used to exaggerate the monstrous impudence of 
Counsel that insisted so iniquitably. 

3. To magnify beyond the limits of truth; to 
represent something as greater than it really is. 

(The 16th century quots. may belong to 2.) 


, [1563-87 Foxr 4. & J. (1596) 359/2 Thus they aggerat- ° 


ing and exaggerating the fault to the vttermost flie vpon 
the poore asse and deuour him. 1899 Marston Sco. Villanie 
1. iii. 182 Rufus, Ile terme thee but intemperate, I will not 
once thy vice exaggerate.) 1613 R. C. Zable Adph. (ed. 3), 
Exaggerate, to make a thing more then it is. @ 1631 
Donne Septuagint (1633) 105. Men, when they heare any- 
thing. .to utter and augment the same. .and to exaggerate 
the same by words odious and bitter. 1712 Apptson Sfect. 
No. 399? 5 A Friend exaggerates a Man's Virtues, an 
Enemy inflames his Crimes. 1 Junius Lett, Pref. 10 
They..greatly exaggerate the evil they complain of. 1832 
WEssTER, Emapvets in Painting to heighten in colour 
or design. J. H. Biunr Ref Ch. Eng. 1. 401 A 
modern historian..has done his best to erate every- 
thing that would tell against the clergy. 1874 Green Short 
Hist. vi. 333 The charges were grossly ex ted, but 
there is no ground for believing them to have been wholly 

untrue. 
absol. 1781 Gisson Decl, §& F. 11. xlviii. 29 Calumny is 
more prone to ee than to invent, CartyLe 
Heroes (1858) 266 In no point does he (Shakspeare) ex- 
Giapstone Prim, 


aggerate Uae coly in laughter. PST ONE 
cohance the ineret fthrtls 
4. To intensify, aggravate (conditions, etc.), ab- 
normally; to make (physical features, etc.) of 
at size. ager 
L. Autobiog. I. vii. 276 A erated 
Fi Pinta . 1868 Rocrss Pol! Econ. vila ( 3 The 
existing distress was exaggerated by this great soci: change. 
ivart Elem. Anat. ii. 51 In the preponderating size 
of the Lumbar Vertebrae man but exaggerates a character 
generally present in his class. 
erated (egzx'dgéreitéd), A9/. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED', 
+1. Heaped up. Ods. rare-°. 
1552 Hutorrt, Exaggerated, refositus, a, um, 
Magnified or inflated beyond the limits of 


” fact, justice, propriety, or truth ; excessive. 


EXAGGERATIVE. 


The ordi er he 
roan sep Jacts, mt it is statements that are 


Pore Pref. to Shaks., The most exaggerated thoughts; 
at wen was. and bombast 4 


Davy Chem. Philos. 18 His erated the 
bh lente «, bead on cflect te dimiuishing 


UCKLE Misc. 


heroes were men, 
3. Abnormally enlarged, monstrous, overgrown. 


1860 TYNDALL 5 My route exaggerated 
sigag. 1850. T. es Beene Mar, Mon :me He 
resembles an wren, 

_ (egzee'dzéreitédli) ; adv. [f. 


Exa‘ggera’ 
prec. + a To an exaggerated or excessive de- 
gree ; unduly. 

1854 Kincstey Alexandria iii. 94 He perceived so 
deeply, | may say so exaggeratedly, the analogy between, 
{etc.]. 1870 Ruskin Lect. Art ii. 47 The persons who most 
clearly estimate their value, exaggerat estimate it. 
Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. x. 210 Turn we.. from..the 
yrs, oes monstrous cuttle-fish, to the. . nt. 

+ 1 pe “taps adv. Obs. rare—". [f. *ex- 
aggerate ppl. adj., ad. ts exaggerat-us pe pple. of 
exaggerare (see EXAGGERATE v.) + -LY 2.] =prec. 

1646 N. Lockyer Serm. 28 Oct. 3 The action of the Father 
towards the Sonne is sad, and Baas exaggerately, etc. 

Exaggerating (egze'dzéreitin), ppl. a. [f. 
EXAGGERATE v.+-ING*.] That exaggerates. 

1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 11. v. viii. 667 exaggerat- 
ing language of Mr. Hastings. 1833 THirtwact in PA/lo/. 
Mus, V1. 576 In this Mr. discovers the hand of an 
exaggerating rhetorician. 1881 Mrs. Lyxn Linton J/y 
Love 1. 77 You always were one of the most exaggerating 
children possible. 

Hence Exa'ggeratingly adv. 

1858 Chamb. Frni. 1X. 376 She retailed what Lisa saw.. 
fluently, unfailingly, and, we regret to add, ssagpeengy. 
1876 Granam Mem. ¥. Macfarlane iii. 144 Neither 
heartlessly inappreciative of the past, nor exaggeratingly 
friendly to the present. 

geration (egze:dzéré'fon). [ad. L. ex- 
aggeration-em, n. of action f. exaggerd-re: see 
EXAGGERATE. 

+1. The action of heaping or piling up; ¢.g. of 
silt by a river or the sea; also concr. that which 
is so piled up. Ods. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. ix. 221 Lakes grow by 
the exaggeration of Sand bythe Sea. /dd. 1. xii. 241 The 
fruitfullest part of Egypt..is an Exaggeration, or Ground 
gained by the Inundation of Nilus. — ; 

+2. The action of emphasizing or dwelling on 
the greatness of (a good or bad quality or action). 

1586 A. Dav Eng. Secretary i. (1599) 93 In this exaggera- 
tion of vices, so also might there the like of Vertues, as 
if one should exhort a man to Pietie after hee had set forth 
all the commodities thereof. 1611 Ber. ANprewes Sevm. II, 
277 Of Himself it is said, and by way of exaggeration, He 
humbled Himself to death, the death of the Cross. ¢ 1647 
Boyte Agst. Swearing Wks. (1772) VI. 11 They swear not 
but when they are angry; and then (for all our clamours 
and exaggerations) they mean no at all. a1745 Swirt 
(J.), Exaggeration of the prodigi d ions in the 

ince to pass good laws, would have an odd sound at 

estminster. | % pk 

3. The action of exaggerating or magnifying un- 
duly in words or representation. Also, an instance 
of this ; an peg yer statement, 

1565 Jewet Repl. Harding 88 Pad peel eneer he 
(Chrysostome]. .by an exaggeration. .calleth Nobody. 1685 


Gracian's Courtiers Orac. ap Emagen isa kind of lying : 
by Exaggeration one gets hi the reputation of a man 
of bad discerning. 1776 Gisson Decl, & F. 1, xvii. 442 
Such tions will be reduced to their just value. 
1848 W. He Barter Zgyft to Pal. xxiv. 

were to accept the of 


ouring. 
in Builder's Dict. s. v. 1738 Cuampers Cyci. s. v., 
This exaggeration must be ducted in such manner, as 
not to put the objects out of their natural characters, 


ec. concr. An exaggerated copy. 

1841-4 Emerson £ss., Spir. Lave Wks. (Bohn) I. 63 

ids d are exaggerations of the sins of the day. 
3872 Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 131 The eye of this animal 
is the most beautiful exaggeration of that of the gazelle. 
4. vation of a spay tae also Boge 
1661 ey O. Cromwell (1669)70 iligence of wicked 
be an en only an yar dng oh Exaggeration of their 
wi edness. 


erative ‘a ig pies br Fs [f. Ex- 
AGGERATE WU. + -IVE, . or. exagtrati ° 
1. Of a statement, representation, etc.: Marked 
by exaggeration, hyperbolical. 
1797 A. Gepves idle II, Pref. 8 This ex: ve lan- 
warns us not to take words of that kind in a strict 
theological meaning. 1863 Sat. mgt 123 The ex- 
erative character of |. HawrHorne 
ice Quentin 1. 97 Let this confession reader on 
his guard against. . ive or statements. 
2. Of persons: Given to exaggerate; prone to 


exaggeration. 


EXAGGERATOR. 


1837 Car.yLe /%, Rev. III. v. iv, ‘Out of doors’, continues 
the exaggerative man, ‘were mad multitudes dancing round 
the bonfire’, 1854 H. Miter Sch. §& Schm. xxiii. (1857) 
505 The tender passion is always a strangely exaggerative 
one. 1870 J. H. Friswett AZod. Men Lett, 32 Dickens 
was very often exaggerative and pantomimic. 

Hence Exa'ggeratively adv., in an exaggerative 
manner. Exa‘ggerativeness, the quality of being 


exaggerative. 

1856 Chamb, Frnl. V. 365 Exaggeratively exhibiting the 
defects of the system. 1867 CARLYLE Remzin. II. 16 ‘It were 
better to perish’, as I exaggeratively said to myself, ‘ than 
continue schoolmastering’. 1873 Spectator 22 Feb. 245/1 
A certain exaggerativeness in some of his anecdotes. 

Exaggerator (egze'dzéreitor). [a. late L. ex- 
aggeritor, agent-n. f. exaggerd-re to EXAGGERATE.] 
One who or that which exaggerates. 

x82z J. Fuint Lett. Amer. 60 This is the hill that a 
florid exaggerator has described as a solid mass of coal. 
1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 47 Fear is a great exaggerator. 
1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 1. 858 Those virtuous 
liars, dreamers after dark, Exaggerators of the sun and 


moon. 
Exaggeratory (egze‘dzérata:ri), a. [f. Ex- 


AGGERATE v.+-oRY.] Containing or characterized 
by exaggeration ; prone to exaggerate. 

1759 JoHNSON Rasselas xxviii. 63 You fall into the com- 
mon errors of exaggeratory acclamation. 1849 7azt's Mag. 
XVI. 539 The peculiar, egotistical, and exaggeratory tem- 
perament characteristic of the Americans. 

+ Exargitate, v. Ols. 7 pa. pple. exagitat(e. 
[f. L. exagitat- ppl. stem of exagzta-re, f. ex- (see 
Ex- pref) + agita-re to put in motion, Acirate.] 

1. ¢rans. To stir up (the humours, spirits, etc.) ; 
to quicken (the breathing) ; to set in motion (the 
blood) ; to excite. 

1621 Burton Anat, Mel.1. ii. u. v, The divell .. gets in 
with the aire, and exagitates our spirits, and vexeth our 
souls. 1651 Biccs New Désf. 155 The anxiety and power- 
fullest respiration of the arteries is exagitated. 1655 CuL- 
PEPPER, etc. Kiverius xv. v. 419 Sharp eleetars -which do 
exagitate the Humor..whereby the Symptomes are wont 
to become more fiery. 1717 J. Kemn Anim. Gcon. (1738) 
294 A continual Heat.. exagitated by the Temptations 
of the Town. 1727 Fiecpinc Love in Sev. Masg. Wks. 1775 
I. 20 It [business] has exagitated my complexion to that 
exorbitancy of Vermeile, that, etc. 1732 ARBUTHNOT Ku/es 
of Diet 328 The warm Air of the Bed exagitates the Blood. 

2. a. Of a disease, pain, etc.: To torment, 
worry. b. Of a man’s foes: To harass, persecute, 

@. 1532 in Burnet Hzst. Ref. I. 168 Being so long sick and 
exagitate with this same sore. 1596 Fitz-Gerrray Sir /, 
Drake (1881) 15 The paines that now exagitate his soule, 
Time cannot tame. 1657 Tomiinson Renon’s Disp. 198 
When..too much waking hath exagitated the mind. 1677 
Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. 1v. 32 When it [the soul] shal see 
and instil the desire of him into it self. .it shal cease to be 
exagitated by pricking dolors. 

b. 1602 T. Firzuersert Defence 7 a, S, Chrisostome.. 
was so exagitat by the calumnious, and contumelious tongues 
of heretykes .. that, etc. 1618 T. Gainsrorp P. Warbeck 
in Select. Hart. Misc. (1793)86 The king. .not determining 
to give them battle, or exagitate them at all till, etc. @ 1656 
Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 485 He was sorry Martinius 
should be so exagitated for a speech which. .was true. 

3. To attack violently (a doctrine, error, fault, 
etc.) ; to inveigh against, rail at. 

1594 Hooker Ecc?, Pod. 1. (1632) 163 This their defect and 
imperfection I had rather lament in such case than exagitate. 
1656 Trapp Comm, Eph. i. 5 The doctrine of predestination 
was much misused and exagitated. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. 
N. T. 1 Pet. iii. 8 Christians. .live in concord, not exagitat- 
ing, but compassionating each others infirmities. 

ry To debate, discuss. 

1610 Donne Psendo-Martyr 294 His last Title..we have 
no reason to exagitate in this place. ax Drumm. oF 
Hawtnu. Fas. ///, Wks. 43 During his abode at Rome, the 
old question..began to ie exagitated. 1662 S. P. Acc. 
Latitude Men in Phenix 11. 581 Tho this name of Latitude- 
Men be daily exagitated amongst us, both in Taverns and 
Pulpits. 1749 Br. Lavincton Enthus. Methodists §& Pap. 
ul. (1751) 330 Aristophanes in such a free manner exagitates 
the mysterious solemnities. 

5. In etymological sense: To shake out. rare. 

1642 Answ. to Observ. agst. King 11 Traiterously exagi- 
tate and tosse the Royall Scepter out of his hand. 

Hence + Exa‘gitated 7//. a. + Exa‘gitating 
ppl. a., producing agitation, disturbing. 

1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 578/1 A coacervate 
and exagitated Wind. 1659 W. CHamBertayne Pharonnida 
u1, ii, Th’ ensuing storms exagitated rage. 1662S. P. Acc. 
Latitude-Men in Phenix (1708) II. 507 Having taken an 
impartial View of this so much exagitated Company of Men. 
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend, Ef. iv. ix. 200 In diseases of the 
chest. .Hippocrates condemneth it [sneezing] as too much 
exagitating. a ai 

+ Exagita‘tion. Os. [ad. L. exagitation-em, 
n. of action f. exagitd-re: see EXAGITaTE v.] 
a. The action of stirring up (the blood, humours, 
etc.), setting in motion or exciting; also an in- 
stance of the same, an excitement. b. Discus- 
sion. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1134 This is but a flatu- 
lent exagitation. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 474 Animall 
spirits are made of the vitall, changed by many exagitations 
and alterations by the arteries. 1632 tr. Bruel’s Praxis 
Med. 401 Neyther is there any danger of the exagitation of 
the humors. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vi. 216 The 
exagitation of the more gross particles [of the blood] is .. 
more languid. 1737 Common Sense (1738) I. 139 Exagita- 
_ sf oler, which are apt to break out into Rogue and 

ascal. 


Vor, III, 


361 


+ Exa'gite, v. Obs. [ad. OF. exagite-r, f. L. 
exagitare : see EXAGITATE.] ¢rans. = EXAGITATE ; 
in quot. to keep on demanding. 

1621 W. SctateR Tythes (1623) 149 It is my liberalitie to 
affoord answer to the Argument from first fruits; why doe 
you so punctually exagite, exact it? 

Exagon, -gonal, obs. ff. HEXAGon, etc. 

Exalacion, obs. form of EXHALATION. 

Exalbuminose (ekselbizmindus), a. Bot. [f. 
Ex- prefix! + L. albiimen (albiimin-) + -0sx.] 
=next. 

1866 Treas, Bot., Exalbuminose, having no albumen. 

Exalbuminous (ekselbizminas), a. Bot. [f. 
as prec. +-oUS.] Having no albumen in the seed. 

a Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 226 They (Lentibulariz] 
are known from Primulacee by their .. exalbuminous em- 
bryo. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. ii. 14 Seeds are distinguished 
into albuminous and exalbuminous, those supplied with and 
those destitute of albumen. 


Exalgin (eks,'ldzin). Pharmacy. Also ex- 
algine. [f. Ex- prefix 1+Gr. day-os pain +-1N.] 
A methyl compound of acetanilide, so called from 
its use as an anodyne. 

1889 Pharm. Frnl. 30 Mar. 781/1 Exalgine occurs in 
needles or in large white tablets. 1890 Daly News 1 Dec. 
5/6 A prescription ordering exalgine. 


Exallo‘triote, a. nonce-wd. (bombastic). [as if 
ad. Gr. *é¢adAorpiwrds, f. €addrorpid-euy, f. && + GAAG- 
tpos foreign.] Brought from a foreign country. 


1849 Lytton Cartons u. 1. Ixvi, Is there no mission in 
thy native land, O planeticose and exallotriote spirit? 

Exalt (egzg'lt), v. Also 5 exsaulte, (8 ex- 
halt), [ad. L. evaltare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref!) + 
altus high. Cf. Fr. exa/ter (16th c. in Littré). 

Vulgar Lat. had “exaltiare of similar formation and 
meaning, of which the regular phonetic descendant is OF. 
essalcier, essaucier, represented in mod.F. by the two vbs. 
exhausser to lift up, and exaucer to listen favourably to (a 
prayer) : with the latter cf. 6.] 

1. ¢rans. To raise or set up on high; to lift up, 
elevate. In physical sense now arch. or rhetorical, 
or in humorously bombastic use. 

1535 CoveRDALE 2 £sdras xv. 53 Thou haddest..slayne 
my chosen, exaltinge the stroke of thy handes. 1582 N.T. 
(Rhem.) Aa?t, xi. 23 Thou Capharnaum, shalt thou be ex- 
alted vp to heauen? 160r SHaxs. Fd. C. 1. iii. 8, I haue 
seene Th’ambitious Ocean swell .. To be exalted with the 
threatning clouds. 1613 T. Mites tr. Mexia’s Treas. 
Anc. & Mod. Times 954 Exalting his Courtlax to strike 
the stroke. 1698 Luttrett Brief Rel. (1857) IV. gor 
Yesterday one Hoyle was fined; as also to be exalted in the 
market place. .instead ofa pillory. 1712 Pope Messiah 86 
Imperial Salem, rise! Exalt thy tow’ry head. 1808 J. 
Bartow Colum. 1. 325 Exalt your heads, ye oaks. 1823 
Lams £ia Ser, 1. xvii. (1865) 131 Exalting his umbrella 
over her poor basket of fruit. 1832 Blackw. Mag. Feb. 287 
Let the rogues swing, And thus be exalted. 

b. transf. To ‘lift up’ (the voice, a song). arch. 
Cf. ENHANCE I c. 

1611 BisLe 2 Kings xix. 22 Against whome hast thou ex- 
alted thy voyce? 1709 Prior Henry & Emma 737 Now, 
Mars, she said, let Fame exalt her voice. 1762 FALCONER 
Shipwr. 1. 642 The warbling birds exalt their evening lay. 
1795 Acnes Muscrave Cicely I. 35 Jane, exalting her voice, 
cried, etc. 

2. In various fig. or non-material senses: a. To 
raise in rank, honour, estimation, power, or wealth. 
+ Formerly occas. with title as complement. + Also 
(rarely) with 2. 

?a1400 Chester Pl, (Shaks. Soc.) I. 9 The three tryalles 
in a throne, And trewe Trenitie, Be grounded in my God 
heade, Exsaulted by my excelencye. 1430 Lypc. Chron. 
Troy 11. x, One she [Fortune] can high in riches exalte 
And an other plonge in pouertye. 1494 FaByAn Chron. vit. 
cexix. 241 Wyllyam exalted the Normans, and gaue vnto 
theym the chief possessyons of the lande. 1565 Cpt. ALLEN 
in Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 377 Proue me 
that your mother Church prayeth not for her departed .. 
- shall be exalted up for euer. 1568 GRAFTON Chron. 

I. 72 It seemeth likely that you will aspire to take 
his crowne from him, and to be exalted king yourselfe. 
1611 Bis_e £zek, xxi. 26 Exalt him that is low, and abase 
him that is high. @1658 WALLER Poems, To my Ld. Pro- 
tector xxi, Still as you rise, the state, exalted too, Finds no 
distemper. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 736 Scepter’'d Angels... 
whom the supreme King Exalted to such power. 1771 
Funius Lett. \xvii. 330 Society can exalt the meanest and 
worst of men. 1861 May Const. Hist. (1863) I. i. 10 He 
(George III] came to the throne determined to exalt the 
kingly office. 

+b. To elate with pride, joy, etc. Also zztv. 
for ref. Obs. 

@1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Ivb, 
With a littell fauour ye wyl exalt, augement, and grow into 
gret prid. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 44 When the Empresse 
had..committed the king to warde..she was not therewith 
a little exalted. 1605 SHaks. Lear v. iii.67 Not so hot : In 
his owne grace he doth exalt himselfe, More then in your 
addition. 1647 Crarenpon /7ést. Red. u. (1843) 48/2 The 
covenanters..were very reasonably exalted with this suc- 
cess. 1708 Popr Ode St. Cecilia 27 Music..when the soul 
is press’d with cares, Exalts her in enlivening airs. 

ce. vefl. To assume superiority. arch. 

1611 Bisre 1 Kings i. 5 Then Adoniiah the sonne of Hag- 
gith exalted himselfe, saying, I wil be king. 1878 B. Tay- 
Lor Deukalion 1. i, Exalt thyself past limits of my law, I 
feed thee still. 

cog @ 1742 Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 73 That 
the Salt does not exalt itself above the Sulphur. 


d. To praise, extol, magnify. Also adso/. 


EXALTATION. 


7430 Lyne. Chron. Troy 1. v, He that lyst her name so 
hyghe exalte, 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W.de W.1531) 59 b, And 
exalting it [his holy lyfe] moost hye, meke thyselfe in herte 
moost lowe. c1§32 Dewes /utrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1023 In 
Heven. .they may laude and exalte with the saintes. a 154g 
Croke Ps. (Percy Soc.) 18 My tonge shall both daye and 
houre, Dewly exalte thy iustice styll. 1611 BisLe Ps. 
xxxiv. 3 O magnifie the Lord with me, and let vs exalt his 
name together. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 
132 Taking opportunely hold of an occasion. .to exalt the 
valour of the younger [Prince]. 1719 Watts Ps. xcix. 11, 
Exalt the Lord our God. a1845 Hoop Tale Trump. 140 
The brandy and salt We now exalt, Had made a noise in 
the public ear, 

e. To raise to a higher class, a higher degree 
of value or excellence ; to dignify, ennoble. 

171r STEELE Sect. No. 4 ? 8, I shall not lower but exalt 
the Subjects I treat upon. 1788 Rep Aristotle's Log. iv. 
§ 3. 80 A negative may be exalted into an affirmative. 1791 
Boswett Yohnson 5 Apr. an. 1772 Men less exalted by 
spiritual habits. 1836 Emerson Nat., Lang. Wks. (Bohn) 
II. 152 The moment our discourse. .is..exalted by thought, 
it clothes itself in images. 

f. To stimulate (powers) to higher activity. 

1744 THOMSON Swmter 307 Each liquid .. Inflames, re- 
freshes, or exalts the taste. 1860 Gro. Evior AV7l/ on Fi. 
v1. iii, Trivial causes had the effect of rousing and exalting 
the imagination. 

+ 3. In Alchemy and early Chemistry: To raise 
(a substance or its qualities) to a higher ‘ degree’; 
hence, in wider sense, to raise in quality, refine, 
mature; to intensify, render more powerful (phy- 
sical agents or effects). Also fig. 

1471 Rircey Comp. Alch. x. in Ashm. (1652) 178 Then up 
to Hevyn they must Exaltyd be .. to be intronyzate In 
Clowds of clerenesse. 1570 DEE Math. Pref 8 A liquid 
Medicine whose Qualitie of heate is in the 4 degree exalted. 
1610 B. Jonson Adch. 1. i, Have I..Sublimed thee, and 
exalted thee, and fix’d thee I’ the third region? 1691 Ray 
Creation (1714) 92 Other stones being exalted to that degree 
of Hardness. 1725-6 Pore Odyss. xxiv. 400 The hours 
produce their [vines’] latent buds, and Sol exalts the juice. 
1744 BERKELEY S7rvs § 44 Oil, purified and exalted by the 
organical powers of the plant. 1762 Gentl. Mag. 269 The 
sun is known to exhalt the poison of the viper. 1790 
A. Crawrorp in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 402 A little strong 
vitriolic acid, by which the smell was exalted, and a slight 
effervescence was produced. 1795 Burke Regic. Peace iv. 
Wks. IX. 14 This is Jacobinism sublimed and exalted into 
most pure..essence, 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chez. (1814) 
257 The seeds of plants exalted by cultivation. 

+b. To volatilize, carry off in vapour. Ods. 

1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery's Chemz. ut, iit. (ed. 3) 735 The 
fuliginosity which made it black will be exalted and leave 
the Harts-horn white. 

4. To raise in degree, intensify, heighten. 

1842 W. Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 92 If this intensity be 
exalted to a certain point the sulphuret becomes luminous. 
1859 Guttick & Timss Paint, 202 They [varnishes] enliven 
or exalt the colours by their colourless transparency. 1870 
Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 512/2 To colour gold, or as it is techni- 
cally called, to exalt the colour of gold. 

5. Astrol. in passive of a heavenly body: To be 
in the position of greatest influence. 

1647 Aldmanak for 1386, 2 The Son is exalted and raised 
uppe in be 19 gre of be Ram, pe Mone is exalted in be 3 gre 
of be Bul. 1652 Cutpeprer Eng. Physic. (1656) 48 Saturn 
being exalted in Libra, in the house of Venus. 1819 Jas. 
Witson Dict. Astrol. s.v, Exaltation, lf power may be 
deemed exaltation, all planets must be exalted when they 
arrive at their northern nodes, and advance towards our 
zenith. 

(6. xonce-wse. Of a deity: To grant (a prayer) 
{after OF. essalcier, F. exaucer]. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos xvi. (1890) 61 The god almyghty 
Iupyter..wolde exalte his requeste. 

+ Exarlt, sd. Ods. [f. Exatr v.] The action 
of exalting ; in quot. = EXALTATION 2c. 

1617 Markuam Cavadl. v1. 2 To the exalt of the most ser- 
uiceable Beast that euer was created. 

Exaslt, pp/e., short for EXALTED. 

1871 Browninc Pr. Hohenstiel 1835 Bravest of the brave 
Doers, exalt in Science. 1873 — Hed Cott. Nt.-cap 1122 
Out I stand Exalt and safe, and bid low earth adieu. 

|| Bxaltado (egzolta-do). [Sp., pa. pple. of ex- 
altar to Exaut.] A member of the extreme radical 
party in Spain. Also ¢ransf. 

1824 Westm. Rev. 1. 25 An apprehension of being 
esteemed somewhat of an exaltado, may have induced him 
{T. Moore] to make this little sacrifice. /dzd. I. 293 Much 
has been said in Spain.. on the distinction .. between the 
Moderados and the Exaltados. 

+ Exaltate, v. Obs. [f. L. exaltat- ppl. stem 
of exaltdre to EXaut.] trans. = EXALT v. 3. 

1471 Riecey Comp. Alch. x. in Ashm. (1652) 179 Yf thou 
therfore thy Bodys wyll Exaltat. 

+ Exaltate, pp. Obs. [ad. L. exaltat-us, pa. 
pple. of exaltd-re to Exat.] = EXaLtep. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Wife’s Prol. 704 In Pisces, wher Venus 
is exaltat. a@1q4z0 Hoccreve De pie J Princ. 5227 Every 
man willethe to ben exaltate. ¢1430 Lyne. Bochas vu. iv. 
(1554) 167 b, Amid the heauen, was Venus exaltate. c 1450 
Mirour Saluacioun 1161 Salomones throne was with sex 
graces exaltate [v. ~. reisid]. ¢ 1500 Lancelot 2551 Sum in 
to worschip to be exaltate. 

Exaltation (egzdlté'fan). Forms: 4 exalt- 
acioun, 4-7 exaltacion, -yon, 6 exhaltation. 
[a. F. exaltation, ad. L. exaltation-em, f. exaltare : 
see Exatt.] The action of exalting; the fact or 
state of being exalted. 

1. In physical sense: The action of lifting up or 

46 


EXALTATION, 


raising on high; the state of being lifted up, or 
set in a high position. 

1616 Lane Syr.’s Tale x1. 278 He comes: whose horse 
fomed the seas invndation, as th’ rider felt him on owne 
exaltation. 1686 Horneck Crucif. Jesus xvi. 403 Lift me 
wo Bons she. enetl, Shas © inay S08 see Seater, of ey 
exaltation. 1794 G. Apams Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 1. x. 429 
When the sun is at its greatest exaltation in summer. 
1860 Tynpatt Glac. nu, viii. 265 [Glacier] tables. .a limit is 
placed to their exaltation by the following circumstance. 

b. Exaltation of the Cross: a feast observed on 
Sept. 14th (see quot. 1884). ‘ 

1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 54 Y* exaltacion of y’ holy 
crouc 1480 Caxton Casta. Eng. v. (1520) 60 b/1 Than 
was the feest of the exaltacyon of the crosse made. 1700 
Tyrret Hist. Eng. 11. 770 Thursday after the Exaltation 
of the Cross in September. 1884 Catholic Dict. s.v. Cross, 


362 
12 Bacon Ess, iene d ¢ Fagen: (Arb.) 372 


Fay yr the force of Cu e 

+4. In the older chemistry and physiology : The 
action or process of refining or subliming; the 
bringing a substance to a degree of potency 

or purity; an instance of the same. Ods. 
x Ripiey C Alch, x. in Ashm. (1652) 178 Exaltacion, 
Full lyaryl yt ys dyfferent from Su! » 1576 BAKER 
cam ae me —< Time Quersit. mt. 184 
Exaltation is ion of the h * 1666 J. 
Smitn Old Age 107 The Chyle it self. .receiving yet farther 
exaltations. 1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery's Chem. u. v. (ed. 3) 
i: tation of the more oily 
1718 Quincy Compl. 


Kal 


'P 


The ‘ Exaltation of the Cross’ was 
times in y of the 
stantine saw in the year 317..The day was afterwards = 
with greater solemnity, when after the victory over the 
Persians in 627, Heraclius recovered the true cross. 

+e. concr. A fanciful name for: A flight (of 


larks). Ods. . 

1430 Lypvc. Hors Shepe § GC. (1822) 7 A exaltacion of 
larkes. 1824 J. MeCuttocn Scotland III. 407, I have never 
spoken of ‘an exaltation of larks’, 1883 Standard 26 Sept. 
5/1 Every one with any pretence to be gentle-folk spoke of 
.-an exaltation of larks. 

2. In non-material sense: a. Elevation in autho 
rity, dignity, power, station, wealth, etc. ; esp. the 
elevation of a sovereign toathrone. + Also occas. 
An exalted position ; elevated rank. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos vii. 33 The place where hir glorye 
and exaltacion ought to be..manyfested. 1539 ToNsTALL 
Serm. Palm Sund., (1823) 15 Here it is to be noted, that 
God gaue to Christe his exaltation, as to man, and not as 
to god. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 72 Ye have presumed 
thus to stande against the exaltation of this oure sovereigne. 
r6r1 Biste Fudith xvi. 8 The exaltation of those that were 
oppressed. a@163t Donne in Selections (1840) 104 Though 
faith be of an infinite exaltation above understanding. 1670 
G.H. Hist. Cardinals 1. u. 268 The Exaltation of this Pope 
happen'd upon Ascension day. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) 
II. ii. 42 Like that of Joseph’s brethren, when he.. told 
them the story of his exaltation in Pharaoh’s court. 1791 
Boswet Fohnson (1816) 11. 188 A master. .is in his highest 
Exaltation when he is loco parentis. 1 Froupe Hist. 
Eng. III. xiii. 88 The Reformation in their minds was asso- 
ciated with the exaltation of base blood. 

b. Elation of feeling ; a state of rapturous emo- 
tion; an undue degree of pleasurable excitement. 
Also Path. (see quot. 1884). 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. ccvi. 219 In tyme of whiche exalt- 
acion of his mynde, he .. charged the water that he shulde 
flowe no hygher. 7a Lond. Gaz. No. 4351/1 We want 
Words to express the Exaltation it has rais’d in us, to see 
Your Majesty’s unwearied Endeavours..crown’d with such 
.-Success. 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit. vii. 144, 1 knewa 
man in a certain religious exaltation, who thought it an 
honor to wash his own face. 1874 Maupstey Resfons. in 
Ment. Dis. vii. 234 There was nothing particularly notice- 
able in him except..a condition of exaltation in the spring. 
1 Syd. Soc. Lex., Exaltation, the immoderate increase 
of the action of an organ. 

ec. An extolling, a laudation. 

1650 Hussert Pill Formality 190 Your praises, and exalt- 
ations of free grace. 


d. The raising to a lofty point of excellence ; 
exalted degree ; an exalted manifestation. 
1656 Cow.ey Pindar. Odes, Brutus ii, Th'Heroick Exalt- 


ations of Good, Are so far from Understood, We count them | 


Vice. 1667 Rust Fun. Serm. Bp. Taylor (1672) 67 Those 
Heavenly Bodies. .are fit .. instruments for the Soul, in its 
highest Exaltations. a 1694 T1LLotson Serm. i. Wks. (1714) 
4 In God all Perfections in their highest degree and exalt- 
ation meet together. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 
1 The degree of civilisation of any peonle corresponds with 
the exaltation of the idea which is the most prevalent among 
that people. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1.12 That chivalrous 
spirit .. was found in the highest exaltation among the 

orman nobles, 1883 Christian Commw. 6 Dec. 174/1 Is 
this exaltation of the ideal of life an evil? 

e. Augmentation in degree or intensity. 

1732 Law Serious C. v. (ed. 2) 75 The refinement and 
exaltation of our best faculties. 1842 W. Grove Corr. Phys. 
Forces 80 We obtain an indefinite exaltation of chemical 
power, 1 Bain Senses §& Int. u. ii. § 1. (1864) 177 The 
skin is therefore marked by a great exaltation of the com- 
mon sensibility of the body. 

f. Of prices: A rise. rare. 

1866 Rocers Agric. & Prices 1, xxi. 536 The last two 
years being affected by the exaltation in the price. 1884 
— Work & Wages 22 Ouite as great is the exaltation in the 
price of millstones. 

3. Astrol. The place of a planet in the zodiac 
in which it was considered to exert its greatest 
influence. Also fig. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sgr.'s 7. 41 Phebus the sonne..was neigh 
his exaltacioun. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vit. ix. 
(1495) 307 The sonne hath his vertue and exaltacion in the 
eyghteenth gree of Aries. a16a5 Fietcner Rollo w. ii, 
Mars his gaudium rising in the ascendant That joint with 
Libra too, the house of Venus And Imum Ceeli, Mars his 
exaltation [Jrinted exultation] Ith’ seaventh house, 1632 
Massincer City Madam u. ii, She in her exaltation, and 
he in his triplicite trine and face, assure a fortunate com- 
bination to Hymen, 1751 Cuampers Cycé. s.v., The sth 
degree of Cancer, is the exaltation of Jupiter, according to 
Albumazar. 1819 Jas. Witson Dict. Astrol. s.v., The ori- 
ginal ning of the pl ’ exaltations seems to have been 
unknown in the time of Ptolemy. 1839 BaiLey /estus (1854) 
121 Your exaltations and triplicities, Fiery, airy and the rest. 


| strong and bold, she 


small Portion of Phlegm. 1751 Cuambers Cyc/.s. v., It is this 
Lae sot Boca exal don ofthe sui urous part in strawberries, that gives 

1 pparition which Con- em their agreeable, vinous taste. 
; +b. concr. A substance in a highly refined 


condition. Ods. 

1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery's Chent. 1. xx. (ed. 3) 437 Flower 
of Sulphur. .is an exaltation of Sulphur. 

Exaltative (egzoltativ), a. rare. [f. L. ex- 
altat- ppl. stem of exaltdre (see EXat?) + -IVE.] 
Tending to exalt. 

1810 Bentuam Packing (1821) 23 Of these two branches 
of the art of deception, the first mentioned may be termed 
the depressive. .the other the self-exaltative. 

Exalted (egzo'ltéd), pp/. a. [f. Exatr v.] 

1. Raised or set up on high; elevated. 

1601 Suaxs. Ful. C. 1. i. 65 Weepe your teares Into the 
Channell, till the lowest streame Do kisse the most exalted 
Shores of all. a163r Drayton Elegies, To W. Brown, 
Thoughts. .winged to fly Tothat exalted stand. 1728 Pore 
Dunc. u. 175 Thro’ half the heav’ns he rs the exalted 
urn. 178r Gipson Decl. § F. 11. 108 the Great King.. 
from an exalted throne beheld the misfortunes of his arms. 

+b. Of the voice: Elevated, raised aloud. Odés. 
171r STEELE Sfect. No. 147 P 2 These pronounce the first 
art of a Sentence with a very exalted Voice. 1743 BULKELEY 
R Cummins Voy. S. Seas 74 With an exalted Voice, Captain 
C—p, says, etc. 1790 ‘A Lapy’ Norman & Bertha 11. 148 
Mrs. Westbrook and Norman heard their exalted voices, 
but could not distinguish their words. 

2. Elevated in rank, station, or public estima- 
tion. Usually without implication of any previous 
lower condition: Highly placed, of high station, 
etc. An exalted personage: used for someone of 
high (usually royal or princely) rank, whom it is 


| not desired to designate explicitly. 


1623-6 CockeraM ul, Exalted, promoted. 1737 Pore Hor. 


| Epist. u. ii. 106 Peers give way, exalted as they are, Ev'n 


to their own S-r-v-nce ina car. 1800 Fisher Ames Exlogy 
on Washington Wks. (1809) 116 Time never fails to bring 
every exalted reputation to a strict scrutiny. 1828 Scott 
F. M. Perth xxii, The physician. . hoped he saw his exalted 
patient merry and happy. 1847 Dr. Corrie in Holroyd 
Memorials (1890) 248 To place over us an exalted personage 
who has not been educated among us. 1855 Macauray 
Hist. Eng. 1V. 41 Any man whom a revolution has. . hurled 
down from an exalted station. : 

3. Of persons: Impassioned, rapturously excited. 

1712 STEELE Sect. No. P 2 When the Musick was 

look’d exalted, but serious. 1814 
Soutney Roderick xu, From vale To vale the exalted Ado- 
sinda went. 
b. Of the pulse: High, rapid. 

a“ Fievpinc ¥. Andrews 1, xiii, His pulse was very 
exalted. : 

4. Of feelings, powers, sentiments, states of the 
mind: +a. Carried to a high degree; intense. 
b. Elevated, lofty in character; sublime, noble. 
Cf. EXALTATION 2d, & 

1601 Suaxs. Twel. N. u. v. 30 Besides she uses me with 
a more exalted respect, than any one else. 1665 BoyLe 
Occas. Ref. 1. vi, fie, whose high Reason, and exalted 
Piety, has..plac’d him above them. 1704 J. Trapr Adra- 
Mulé u. i. 381 You cannot boast a more exalted Hatred 
Against the Visier’s Person. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 
160 The light of God's c will irradiate. .all their 
exalted faculties. 18r2 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 12 
Warm with the ardor of an corre and exalted religion. 
1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Goethe Wks. (Bohn) I. 382 
men are born with exalted powers for this second creation. 

ce. Of diction: Elevated, ‘ high-flown’. 

1647 CLarenvon //ist, Red. 1. cme oe After many ex- 
alted expressions to that purpose. art Roscom. Zs. 
Translated Verse 26 In what exalted streins Sicilian Muses 
--Proclaim Saturnian Times. 1739 T. Sueran tr. Persins 
Ded. 8 A most exalted Lecture, instructing us in the true 
Freedom of the Mind. 

+ 5. Chem. and Phys. Refined, sublimed, concen- 
trated. Cf. Exaur v. 3. Of flavour, smell, etc. : 
Intense, strong. Ods. 
net Prat Fewell-ho, ut. 85 To make proiection..with a 

icine so exalted, as that one shal extend vpon a hun- 
dreth. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 14 It contains a 
go deal of exalted Oil. Pade ie Introd. Moufet’s 

‘ealth's Improv. 18 The n ..whose Flesh is of 
a very exalted Taste. 175: Cuampers Cyc. s,v. Exailta- 
tion, Most sulph s, much exalted, are observed 
to be of a red colour. 2796 Prccr. Anonym. (1809) 146 The 
venom of the Adder, or English Viper, is not so exalted.. 
as that of the Italian. 


(egzg'ltédli), adv, [f. prec. + -L¥?.] 
In an exalted manner or degree; in a high style; 
also, with exaltation or excitement. 

r G. Wacker Serm. II. xviii. 51 No one can think 


exaltedly of God, and think meanly of man, who is the 
work of God. 1852 Blackw. Mag. XXII. 747 One does 


EXAMEN. 


Dickens in J. Forster Lif (1874) 111, Old Lemaitre plays 
his famous carci ever aid T see sagthing, in art, 
so 


. 1887 T. Harpy Wood- 
*I knew I was right!’ said Grace 


prec + 
ex- 
character, mind, nature, etc.: b. in 


rather to that of exaltedness above the world. 


b 4 Battey (folio), Exaltedness.. height of promo- 
tion. Pusey Min. Proph. 375 Pride imitate ex- 
altedness. 

Exalter (egzo'ltaz). [f. Exatrv.+-kR1.] One 


who, or that which, exalts (in senses of the vb.). 

1471 Ripcey Comp. Alch. Pref. in Ashm. (1652, Fro thys 
—— valey of vanyte, O our Exalter. Stpney A7- 
cadia (1622) 309 O noble sisters. .who were the onely exalters 
of all womankinde. 1678 R. Barctay Afo/. s viii. 
§ 6. 250 Our Adversaries are Exalters of the Scriptures in 
words. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xv. 621 bar 
..is an useful Exalter, and a.. safe Alexiterick. cr 
Swirt Answ. to ‘A Conclusion’ in Anderson Poets Gt. 
Brit. (1794) 1X. 147 Her majesty never shall be my exalter ; 
And yet she would rales me, I know, by a halter ye A. 
Hut Adv. Poets, Epist. 5 A Poet is..an Exalter of what 
is most dignified, substantial, in Nature. a@ 1849 b RK os 
Mancan Poems (1859) 176 The Grave is the only Exalter. 

Exa‘lting, vé/. sb. [f. as prec.+-1NG1.] The 
action of the vb, ExaLT; in quot. concer. + = 
EXALTATION I c. 

1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj a, An Exaltyng of Larkis. 
R. Hotme Armoury, Exalting of larks. 

Exalting (egzo'ltin), ff/. a. [f as prec. + 
-ING 5 Aa exalts (in various senses of vb.). 

1665 LE Occas. Refi. 1. ii. (1675) 4 bow exalting Effi- 
cacy of this kind of Distillation. 1844 Emerson New Eng. 
Reformers Wks. (Bohn) I. 261, I find nothing healthful or 
exalting in the smooth conventions of society. 1859 GuL- 
tick & Times Paint. 202 The peculiar exalting effect of 
varnishes upon colours. 

Hence Exa‘ltingly adv. rare. 

1855 Chamb. Frni. 1V. 222 The soul's glory. .shone through 
them [her features] so exaltingly. 

+ Exa‘ltive, ¢. Ovs. 
Tending to exalt or elevate. 

1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 1.257 Me to perswade with 
wrang enarrative Lufe to abstene, it is so exaltive. 

+Exaltment. Ovs. [f. as prec. + -ment.] 
The action of exalting ; the state of being exalted ; 
exaltation. 

1660 W. Secxer Nonsuch Prof. 109 As he was abased for 
the creatures exal so he was exalted for the creatu: 
abasement, a@ 1677 Barrow Ws. (1687) 1. 496 Sanctity im- 
plying. .an exaltment in nature or use of the thing, which is 
denominated thereby, 

+Exa‘ltress. Obs. rare. [f. EXALTER + -Ess.] 
She who exalts. : ; 

16s0 Weekes 7ruth's Confi. iii, 81 Yours [your opinion 
willbe found the great phe se of free-will y men, 

Exam (egze'm). co//og. [Short for ExaMina- 
TION.] An examination (sense 5). ‘ 

1877 Driven 1o Rome 67 (D.) Things may be altered since 
the writer of this novelette went t h his exam, 1882 
J. HawTHorne “ eet 1. xix, He his oak cose 
five consecutive days nights before an exam. 
Athenzum 15 Mar, Advt., Matri ‘ion and other Exams. 

+ Exame, v. Ods. Sc. Also 6 exem(e. [Short- 
ened var, of EXAMINE; cf. examne among the 


[f Exar v. + -IVE.] 


Dovotas Aineis xu. vii. 48 Begouth for till exem, 

il assa. The wond wrth mony chy San 1572 

Sempill Ball (1872) co Gif thay i rey: a ad 

onscience icular pactioun. Kuve tr. = 

sted Catech. oi Befolt itdgement exame thy self and thow 
sal find grace in the sight of God. 

m (egzéi'men). [a. ( h Fr. 6x 
amen or directly) L. examen means of weighing, 
tongue of a balance, fig. testing, examination, for 
*exagmen, f. *exag-, exigere to weigh accurately: 
see Exact v. - ales obs 

Th . balance ’ (Zig rests on the au- 
thority of the scheliast to Persius; it seems to occur in Vi 
ZEN, XM. 725, boggy Seat ‘scale-beam’ would equally 
suit the context. ius obscurely explains it as ‘filum 
quo trutina regitur.’ (L. exd : of bees, flock’ is 
related to exigére in the sense ‘to lead or driveout’.) The 
Romanic It. esame, Sp. exdmen, Fr. examen, are 
synonymous with Eng. examination.) ‘ 

1, Examination, scrutiny (of a doctrine, system, 
etc.) ; eepees “ese (of an affair). Now rare. 

1618 Botton Florus To Rdr. 4 The doctrines ., are such 
as thou art to expect from an 
will elsewhere fall out fitly. 
pe pte ohana summer a tun or two of 

prices ae 

to's t. (x +45 si 
a very laborious Weames and fong Study. 
Lect. Art i. (1848) 370 Recalled his pupil to the examen of 
the t principle. 1890 E. Jounson Rise Christendom 
123 only [is] wise which .. the law of God or the ex- 
amen of his senior has pointed out. 


EXAMINABILITY. 


b. Lccl. and Law. (a) A formal examination 
(of the conscience or soul). (4) The examination 
(of a candidate for ordination. (c) +A legal ex- 
amination or inquiry (ods.). 

1651 Life Father Sarfi (1676) 99 In all those days he 

le a most exact examen of his Soul. 1669 WoopHEaD 
St. Teresa u. vii. 59 This Examen shall have a Bell to ring 
to it.. Let every one .. at the time of the Examen, kneel 
down and briefly examine her conscience. 1685 H. Consetr 
Pract. Spirit. Courts 95 To compel them to .. undergo the 
Examen a ho gl imposeth upon them. ag PuItutes, 
Examen, a Trial, Proof, particularly of one that is to be 
admitted to Orders or Employment. [So 172x in Baitey.] 
1853 Faner Add for Fesus 36 We might ask it. .in our examen 
of i 1885 Catholic Dict. s.v. Examination of 
Conscience, St. rg «-also_ recommends a particular 
examen to be e, at least daily..on that particular sin 
into which the individual most frequently falls. 

+2. A critical dissertation or treatise (on any 
subject) ; an examination, disquisition. Ods. 

2606 Hottanp Seton. To Rdrs, Correct what is amisse 
according to the Examen and Review annexed to the end 
of all. 165r Baxter /uxf. Baft. Apol. 7 Having greedily 
read over his Exhortation and Examen a little before. 1667 
Boye (¢/t/e), An Examen of The Origine (and Doctrine) of 
Substantial Formes. 1738 Jounson Let. to Cave Sept. in 
Boswell, An Examen of Mr, Pope’s Essay, &c. 

+8. Investigation by experiment ; a test, assay. 

1661 Gianvit, Vanity Dogmat. viii. 73 The only way to 
know what is sophisticate is to bring at to the Examen of 
the Touchstone. 1664 Evetyn Sylva (1776) 25 Some. .might 
here recommend to us a more accurate Microscopical 
Examen, 1717 F. Scare in Phil. Trans. XXX. 565, 1 made 
a yet more nice and certain Examen of these Waters, by 
mixing Milk with them. 1765 Witkinson idid. LV. 103 We 
proceeded to the more important examen, to discover the 
precise quantity of cork necessary to sustain a man in the 
water. 

4. The tongue of a balance. rare. 

es Get Pompeiana I. iii. 44 Common scales..were 
found..without that little projecting point above the beam 
which serves to mark more accurately the absence of equi- 
poise, and which was called by the..Romans..ligula, and 
examen.) 1833 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metals 11. 292 When 
the, beam does, by the position of its examen or vertical 
spur over the axis, appear to have its two brachia exactly 
inequilibrio. 1850 WEALE Dict. Terms s.v. 

Exameter, -tron, obs. ff. HexAMETER. 

Examinability (egze:minabi'liti). [f. next : 
see -ITY.] The quality of being examinable. 

1879 Law Rep. App. Cases Ho, Lords IV, 801 No ques- 
tion arose as to the validity, or examinability of a foreign 


judgment. | 

Examinable (egzeeminab’l), a. [f. EXAMINE 
Uv. +-ABLE.] 

1. Capable or admitting of being examined. 
+ Of a body: That is to be tested (ods.). 

bs Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. xxv. 122 The Draughts and 
first lawes of the Game are positiue, but .. not examinable 
by reason. 165 Davenant Gondibert Pref. (1673) 8 Great 
bodies are more examinable by being scatter’d into parcels. 
pis Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. vii. 200 Whatever the truth 
of this Opinion be, it is not here properly examinable. 1678 
R, Russet Geder m1. u. 11. iii. 220 Blow upon the Surface 
of the Examinable Body until it flows. 1794 G. ApaMs 
Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 11. xxi. 404 The smallest examinable 
quantity of matter. 1808 BentrHam Sc. Reform 70 Half a 
dozen witnesses not examinable but at so many different 
days. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxvii. (1856) 340 The 
horn..was perfectly examinable. ape : 

b. Sc. Examinable persons: parishioners elig- 
ible to be examined for admission to communion. 

1719 R. Erskine Let. in Fraser Life 46 [There are] up- 
wards of 5000 examinable ral ap in the congregation. 
1722 WALKER Life of Cargill 30 In which Parish 300 out of 

examinable Persons wasted away. 1850 Form: ef Petit. 
in Cook Styles of Writs Ch. Crts. Sc. 185 The present ex- 
aminable population of the parish amounts to — persons. 

2. Law. Subject to examination or inquiry; com- 
petent to be examined or inquired into; cognisable. 

1594 West Symbol 1. Chancery § 71 That it be such as is 
examinable in this court. 1666 Pepys Diary 21 Feb., The 
privileges of Parliament..are few to the Commons’ house, 
and those not examinable by them, but only by the House 
of Lords. 1765 Biackstone Comm. I. xviii. 471 His de- 
terminations are final, and examinable in no other court 
whatsoever. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 300 A fine .. is 
properly examinable in that court only where it is entered. 
1884 Sir C. S.C. Bowen in Law Rep. Q. Bench XIII. 87 
His intentions are examinable to this extent. 

Examinant (egze'minant). sd. and a. Also 7 
-ante, 8 -ent. ad. L. exdminant-em, pr. pple. of 
exammmare; see EXAMINE 2. and -ANT. 

The passive sense 2 (in our quots. earlier than 1) is un- 
etymological; app. it was felt that the older Examrnate sé. 
etymologically meant rather ‘one who Aas deex examined’ 
than ‘one who 7s deing examined,’ and the derivative of 
the iv pple was adopted to express the latter notion.] 

« SO, 

1. One who examines; es. one who conducts 
a judicial or academic examination ; an examiner. 

1620 SHELTON Quix, III. u. i, Don Quixote..was so dis- 
creet, that the two examinants undoubtedly believed he 
was quite well. 1661 Evetyn Diary 13 May, The Examin- 
ants or Posers were Dr. Duport, Greek Professor at Cam- 
bridge; Dr. Fell, etc. a@1797 H. Watrote Mem. Geo. I/, 
III. 271 The chief examinents were General Cholmondeley 
and Lord Albemarle. 1818 Scorr Hrt, Midi. xiii, The 
upper end, where the examinants sate, was thrown into 
shadow, 1847 Disraeti Zancred vi. xi, The converts .. 
were .. older Christians than either of their i 


363 


b. In comb. se/f-examinant (nonce-word). 

1825 CoLertncE Aids Ref. (1854) 126 If the self-examinant 
will abandon this position. 

+2. a. One who is being examined ; one who is 
being examined as a witness ; a deponent. Ods. 

1588 Losses Sp. Navy in Harl. Misc. (Malh,) I. 52 The 
admiral came away with seven and twenty sail, which this 
examinant did tell. 162z Ersinc Debates Ho. Lords(Cam- 
den) 29 She sl ed the inant: being tolld of the 
daunger of a sclaunder, she is fledd. 1712 ArsuTHNOT 
Fohn Bullviii, He brought a certain powder to his mistress, 
which the examinant believes to be the same. 1777 Te 
McKean in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) 1. 446 One of 
the examinants said that..a great number of .. Officers were 
killed. 1812 J. J. Henry Comp. agst. Quebec 161 ‘The ques- 
tions did not admit of equivocation, if the examinants had 
been so inclined. 

+b. One who undergoes an examination as to 
his fitness for church-membership, ordination, etc. ; 
an examinee. Ods. 

1633 D. RoGers 7veat. Sacraments ii. 14 To instruct all 
Christian examinants, in their triall to be carefull of them- 
selves. 1663 Flagellum; or O. Cromwell (1672) 148 The 
questions these men put to the Examinants, was not of 
Abilities or Learning, but, etc. 1715 Pripraux On Ref. 
Two Univ. in Life 234 The examiners shall examine two 
at a time..the examinants shall appear before them, in 
classes of six at a time. 

+B. adj. That has the function of examining. 

1653 Mitton Hirelings Wks. (1851) 373 For the Magis- 
trate. .by his examinant committies to circumscribe her free 
election of Ministers. 


Examinate (egze'minét), Ap/e. and sé. Also 
6-7 examinat. [ad. L. examzndt-us, pa. pple. of 
examinare: see EXAMINE v.] 

+ A. pple. = Examined. (In first two quots. 
app.: Tortured. But possibly it may bea misprint 
for exanimate.) 

a Riecey Comp. Adch.x.in Ashm. (1652) 178 Whych must 
be Crusyfyed and examynat: And then contumulate both 


Man and Wyfe. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 1. 364 So vp 
he rais into ane stakkerand stait, As he had bene fra wit 


examinat. 1818 Scorr Kod Roy xxxvi, Unless ane were 
judicially examinate. 
B. sé. 


1. A person under examination, either as a wit- 
ness or accused person. 

1537 in Froude //ist. Eng. III. 192 vote, Sir Francis Bigod 
..did read to this examinate a book made by himself. 1587 
Fieminc Contn. Holinshed U1. 1409/1 This examinat called 
on the earle, telling him the lieutenant was there. 1609 Hot- 
LAND Ammt. Marcel, xiv. v. 435 note, To this the tormen- 
tors..fastened the armes and feet of the poore examinate 
or condemned person to be tortured. 1709 Strype Ann. 
Ref. 1, xxv. Sa There appeared to this examinate one in 
white apparel. 1855 Kincstey Westw, Ho ! (1861) 52 ‘The 
examinate found it so difficult to answer the question that 
he suddenly became afflicted with deafness. ; : 

2. One who undergoes examination with a view 
to a certificate, degree, etc. 

1599 Haxtuyr Voy. IL. 1.71 The other examinates founde 
insufficient to proceed are sent backe to their studie againe. 
1868 Daily News 20 Oct., A system of inter-collegiate lec- 
tures. .open to all the examinats. 

+ Exa'minate, v. Oés. [f. L. examinat- ppl. 
stem of exdminare: see EXAMINE v.] = EXAMINE v. 

1560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 27 The persons that 
are to be examinated, must be commanded to appeare before 
men of soundest judgement. 

Examination (egze:minéi‘fon). Forms: 4 
-cioun, 5 -tyowne, 4-7 -cion, etc. [a. F. examin- 
ation, ad. L. exdmination-em, n. of action f. ex- 
aminare: see EXAMINE v.] The action of examin- 
ing ; the state of being examined. 

+1. A testing, trial, proof, assay. Also fig. Ods. 
exc. as a contextual use of 3. 

¢1gro More Picus Wks. 32 In straite balance .. If thou 
shouldest our sinne ponder .. Who able were to beare thy 
punishement..The whole engine of all this worlde.. With 
suche examinacion might not stande. 1552 LATIMER Sermz. 
St. Stephen's DayWks. (Parker Soc.) II. 104 Calamities. . be 
but examinations and proofs to provoke usto call upon God. 
[1799 G. SmitH Ladorat, 1.73 The examination, or assay, of 
the purity of gold or silver.] 

. @ The action of testing or judging by a 
standard or rule. Now only with some notion of 
3 0r6. Cf. Examine v.2a. Cf. Selfexamination. 

1386 Cuaucer MJelib. 301 For as moche as the Examina- 
cioun is necessarie, let us Lee} at the Surgiens. c 1425 
Wyntoun Cron, vi. ii. 40 That all examynatyowne Off thai 
persownys_propyrly The ris suld hawe in gret party. 
c1460 tr. 7. @ Kempis 139 Grace..in euery understondinge 
submittep himself. .to rs dis examynacion. 1627 H. Mason 
(tite), TheTribunal of Conscience, or aTreatise of Examina- 
tion ; shewing..how a Christian should examine his Con- 
science. 1885 Catholic Dict., Examination of Conscience 
should be le at least every evening. 

+b. Judicial inquiry into the = or innocence 
of an accused person. Ods. Cf. 6. 

1387TrevisA Higden (Rolls) VII. 165 Sone pe day of ex- 
aminacioun was sette. 1494 FasyAn Chron. vi. CCX. 224 
The be ag he commytted to the examynacion & correc- 
cion of the clergy. 1526-34 Tinpate Acts xxv. 26, I have 
brought him vnto you. .that after examinacion had, I myght 
have sumwhat to te. 1557 Order of Hospitalls D i: ‘or 
the Examination of Single Women being gotten with Child. 
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. U. v. § fter a particular 
examination of Ji h..they acquit him. 1685 — Ovig, 


1859 J.C, Hosnouse /¢aly I. 288 Objects whose authenticity 
may be questioned by the first cool examinant. 


Brit. v. 304 They anointed Kings. .and not long after they 
without Examination took them off, 


EXAMINATION, 


3. The action of investigating the nature, quali- 
ties, or condition of any object by inspection or 
experiment; minute inspection, scrutiny. os¢- 
mortem examination : = AUTOPSY 2, 

1630 RK. Yoh 's Kingd. & C The 
of passengers at. .the frontier Tounes ofthe Princes of Italie. 
1819 J. G. Cuitpren Chem. Anal, Introd. 10 The examin- 
ation of a substance anges, | few elements. 1836 Act 
6-7 Will. IV, c. 89 It shall be lawful for the Coroner .. to 
direct the performance of a post-mortem Examination. 
1863 Royal Charter § 42 in Lond. Univ. Calendar 35 
Which accounts shall be subject to such examination 
and audit as the said Commissioners may direct. 1875 
Ure Dict. Arts Il. 727 The colour of the stroke made 
upon the touchstone by the metal under examination. 1884 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Physical Examination, the investigation 
of disease by means of the senses, as when the cardiac 
respiratory sounds and movements are examined with the 
ear, or by means of instruments devised to render them 
more conspicuous. 1888 E. Eccteston Graysons xxiv, Bob 
made whata surgeon would call a ‘digital examination’ of 
the dungeon door. 

4, The action or process of searching or inquir- 
ing into (facts, opinions, statements, etc.) ; investi- 
gation, scrutiny. 

1538 Starkey E7gland 1. iii. 74 That was agred at the begyn- 
nyng for the bettur examynatyon of every thyng. c 1626 
Wotton Let, in Relig. Wotton. (1672) 549 After the ex- 
amination of circumstances, there is a liberty of judgment. 
@ 1716 Sout Seri, (1737) V. vil. 321 Surely nothing that is 
self-evident, can be the proper subject of examination, or 
tryal. 1794 Mrs. Ravciirre AZyst. Udolpho i, To look 
with cool examination upon the disappointments he some- 
times threw in her way. 1864 J. H. Newman Aol. 129 In 
that very agreement. .would really be found on examination, 
the elements..of an essential discordance. 1878 Stanrorp 
Symb.Christi. 4 Such an account now claims our examination. 

5. The process of testing, by questions oral or 
written, the knowledge or ability of pupils, or of 
candidates for office, degrees, etc. For Honour, 
Local, Middle-Class, Pass, Senate-House Examin- 
ations, see those words. 

1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. v. 48 Which worke of continuall 
examination, is a notable quickner and nourisher of all good 
learning. /did. xxviii. 282 That euery yeere .. there be a 
solemne examination by the Gouernours of the schoole. 1694 
Gigson in Ellis Lett. Lit. Jen (Camden) 235 We met him.. 
just as he was going for Pauls to [séc: ?vead to Pauls for] 
examinations. 1783 Lett. Radcliffe §& James (Oxf. Hist. 
Soc.) 232 To day..I went through part of my examination 
for Orders. 1848 Dickens Domébey xiv, Adreadful uncle. . 
volunteered examinations of him in the holidays on ab- 
struse points. 1866 Loud. Univ. Calendar 40 The Examin- 
ation shall be conducted by means of Printed Papers. 

6. Formal interrogation, esp. of a witness, or an 
accused person. LZ.xamtnation-in-chief, that made 
by the party calling the witness. See Cross-, Rr- 
EXAMINATION. * Also, Interrogation under torture. 

The judicial interrogation of accused persons has no 
place in the criminal process of the common law, but by vari- 
ous statutes from 16th c. justices of the peace were directed 
to ‘ take the examination’ of prisoners before sending them 
for trial. ‘This expression has survived, though the practice 
which it denotes no longer exists; hence the preliminary in- 
vestigation before justices of the peace or police-magistrates 
is still called the evasination of the prisoner, so that the 
word in this connexion has reverted to the obsolete sense 2 b. 

1555 Latimer in Foxe A. § AV. (1684) 111. 383, I was once 
..in Examination before five or six Bishops..every week 
thrice I came to Examinations. 31592 Greene Art Conny- 
catch, 11. 5 What hee spake of either came to him by ex- 
aminations, or by riding in the circuits. 1728 Morcan dé. 
giers W.iv.274 The Tormentors examined him. .for several 
hours they ceased not their Examinations. 1838 Penwy 
Cycl. X. 103/1 s.v. Evittence, The cross-examination ofa 
witness..is founded upon what the witness has stated in 
his examination in chief. 1841 Macautay W. Hastings 
Ess. 1854 II. 651/2 There remained examinations and 
cross-examinations. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 234/2 
The party is brought before a magistrate for examination. 

b. The statements or depositions made by a 
witness or accused person when examined; the 
record of such statements. 70 fake the examina- 
tion of : to interrogate and note down the answers. 

1533 /'vith's Answ. More Title-p., Vnto which boke are 
added. .the articles of his examinacion before the bishoppes. 
1554 Acts 1-2 Ph. & Mary c..13 § 4 The said justices.. 
before any bailment or mainprise, shall take the examina- 
tion of the said prisoner. 1591 J. Horror 7vav. in Arb. 
Garner V. 329 The Earl of Sussex..commanded his Secre- 
tary to take my name and examination. 1600 Essex Kebell. 
Exam. in Shaks. C. Praise 35 The examination of Sr. Gelly 
merick Knyght taken the xvijth of February, 1600. 1621 
Exsinc Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 10 The clerke reade 
the examinacions taken in Courte. 1826 Act 7 Geo. /V, c. 
64 § 3 Every Justice of the Peace before whom any Person 
shall be taken..shall take the Examination of the Person 
charged. 1848 Act 11-12 Vict. c. 42 § 19 marg., Place where 
Examination taken, not an open Court. 1861 W. Bex 
Dict. Law Scot. 234/2 The examinations of the witnesses at 
the precognition. .never can be used. .against the witnesses. 

7. attrib. and Comb. as examination fever, 
questions, statute, system, etc.; examination- 
paper, (@) paper specially prepared for use in 
examinations; (¢) a written or printed series of 
questions, etc. to be answered by the examinee ; 
(c) a written series of answers by an examinee; 
examination-schools, in Oxford parlance: (a) 
the several branches of the University curriculum in 
which a formal examination is instituted; (4) the 
building in which University examinations are held, 

46—2 


ion 


EXAMINATIVE. 


1884 Crichton-Browne in Pall Mall G. 16 a 11/r 
The ‘ *examination fever,’ as it been called, that leaves 
such unpleasant sequel behind it..is now endemic in the 


me! is. 1837 (tite) *Examination Papers for Theo- 
logical Students. Ai *Examination ‘ions and 
Answers, from ‘ But 1868 Pattison 


Academ. Org. vi. 244 if he [a professor] wishes for any 
auditors at all, he ~—— make himself subservient to the 
*examination schools, 1886 Oxf. Univ. Calendar 55 Full 
information. .will be found. .in the a Statutes. 
Mod. (Oxford) The E b d Uni- 
versity College. A 

Hence Examina‘tional c., bib catrongs to 
examination or examinations ; upon (aca- 
demical, etc.) examinations. Examina‘tionism, 
the habit of relying upon or the practice of em- 
ploying examinations as the test of fitness, know- 

edge, etc. Examina‘tionist, one who upholds 
the system of examinations. 

1826 Bentuam in Westm. Rev. VI, 492 Tests preferred by 
Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer, presumably the financial 

. by their humble servant, the examinational. 1859 Sat. 
Rev. 12 Feb. 178/2 The establishment sg what .. we may 
call an examinational franchise. pag . M. Jones Hints 
on Senses 148 For future success in life the test of early 
examinational proficiency is a most fallacious one. 1884 
Lond, Frnl. Sc. XXI. 240 A reaction against that miserable 
— which earns for us the title of the ‘Chinese 
of nr sot Pall Mail G. 27 June 3/1 Much emphasis 
is laid by the theoretical examinationists on the supposed 
difficulty that ihe public have in discriminating between a 
trained and an untrained nurse. 

+ Exa’minative, a. Ovs. [f. EXAMINE v. + 
-ATIVE.] Concerned with examination. 

¢ 1630 Jackson Creed w. iii. Wks. III. 27 In opposition to 
such as restrain assent only unto the reflexive or examina- 
tive acts of understanding. 

Examinator (egzz'mine'tar). [a. late L. ex- 
aminator, {. examinare: see EXAMINE v.] One 
who examines. 

+1. = Examiner 1. Obs. 

1646 SirT, Browne Pseud. Ef.v1.vi.299 An inference some- 
what Rabbinicall, and not of power to perswade a serious 
examinator. 1783 Town & Country Mag. 168 John Hewitt, 
Esq...examinator of the hearth money in Dublin. 1830 
Morr in Blackzw. Mag. XXVIII. 698 That severe and acute 
examinator of historical truth. 

+2. Sc. = EXAMINER 2. Obs. 

1752 J. Loutnian Form of Process (ed. 2) 109 The Witness 

repeats the Words after the Lord Examinator. 1815 
Scott Guy M, xxxii, Having, like a prudent examinator, 
ee his witness to give vent to all her. .indignation. 

3. = EXAMINER 3. rare exc. Sc. 

1621 . Anat. Mel. Democr. (1676) 38/1 Qualified 
.. by the strict approbation of deputed examinators. 1 
tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. 11. 1v. xx. 362 These Ex- 
aminators shall be Masters or Doctors, or Licentiates in 
Divinity or Canon Law. 1813 J. THomson Lect. /nflam. 
Introd. 25 To collect the suffrages of the surgeons who were 
the examinators. 1835 Fraser's Mag. XII. 259 It was not 
unusual to obtain a private hint from the examinators on 
what chapter their questions were to be founded. 1852 
Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. 485 In no European Faculty of 
Arts was Theology a subject on which its examinators had 
a right to question the candidate. 

Examinatorial (egze:minatorial), a. [f. 
late L. examinatori-us (see next)+-AL.] Of or 
pertaining to an examiner or an examination. 

1866 Reader 10 Mar. 2 47/ tA n who has frequently 
felt the examinatorial Bal 1868 D Dickens Lett. 21 Mar., 
Johnnie has my profound eyiepath under his examinatorial 
woes. 1881 Sat. Rev. 26 Feb. 270 Examinatorial experience 
is not without its peculiar bitterness. 

Examinatory (egzze*minata: ri), @ [ad. L. 
examinatori-us belonging to examination, f. ex- 
amindtor ; see EXAMUNATOR and -oRY.] = prec. 

1887 A thenzum 23 July 109/3 It..will probably be found 
more useful for examinatory purposes than the latter. 

+ Exa’mine, sd. Ods. exc. Hist. [f. next vb. 
(or ?ad. L. examen, -inis; cf. origin).] = Ex- 
AMINATION, Also attrib. 

1605 Answ. supposed Discov. Romish Doctr. 43 Therefore 
the examine of such things we entreate may be left to God. 
1630 I. Craven Sevm. (1631) 14 t Spee a second examine, it 
may seeme to be personall. J. Lamont Diary 21 
Sept., Divers persons were excommunicat .. both for ignor- 
ance, and being absent from the dyetts of examine. 1 
A. Epcar Old Ch, Life Scot. 124 note, It may be presum 
that the examine roll was very carefully made up by the 
minister, 

Examine (egzx'min), v. Forms: 4-6 ex- 
amen(e, examyn(e, (4 examini, 5 examne, 
exammen, 6 examme, exemne), 6-7 examin, 
4- examine. See also Exame. [ad. F, examiner, 
ad. L. exdmindre to weigh accurately, test, try, 
inquire into, f. exdmen: see EXAMEN.] 

+1. trans. To try, test, assay (precious metals, 
etc.). Said both of personal and material agents, 
_ Sig. Obs. 


1340. Hampore Psalter xi. 
Ibid xvi. 4 In fire pou —— 


7 Syluyre examynd in fire, 
oh me. ys Weer 2 Sam. 
xxii. 31 The 


speche of t rd exam bi fier. 1 
TRrevisA Higdon Rolle) Vi, 11 Pis Frye exam | 
acne alle men dedes. ¢ 1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de 


7494)! it. xxviii, Suffreth it. .to be well examyned thorugh 
ae y trybulacyons, 

2. a. To test judicially or critically; to try by 
a standardorrule, Ods. exc. with mixture of sense 
3 or 6, to one or other of which phrases like Zo 


B64 


examine oneself, one’s conscience, etc. now chiefly 
belong ig 

A hook le na3t lete ne smal 
a lyenb. 137 He nel ewes cca ne grat bet ne 


of merci. ‘bid. 

153 He ssel. po ae pt ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Medi. 
— Inexamynyng of youre counseiloures, ye sch schul considre 
(1839) ee Pace 

ay a yboke, or boke was exam: 1526 ‘TINDALE 
1 Cor. xi. ties phe p Secege 7 ilfe and so let him 
cate ofthe breed wet asias ofecee Sta ae 


Examen all thy and kepe that which is good. 

xO8 Doe you not examine or — = 
thinges as be done at Lacedemon , accordi 
and ordinances. 1599 SHAKs. | Much Ado un. i. 29 Nay 
mocke not. your 1611 Biss 7s. xxvi. 
2 sre me, O Lord, and proue me}; try my reines 
= Ape 1684 Asr. W. Wake Pref. for Death (1688) 26 

e ought. b> Ey: it be too late, to examine our Souls, and 
a = gg he zit. lig espero Dy. ey Univ. 
Oxford Pref., of the 
ce of mean pans thy 

+b. To try, investigate the oF or innocence 
of (an accused person). Ods. Cf. 6. 

¢ 1400 Maunvev. (1839) viii. 9x And there was oure Lord 
examyned in the nyght and scourged and smyten. a 1471 
Chron. Rich. II to Hen. VI (Camden 1856) 10 Yf thou . 
were wel examned,thou hast do more ayens the kyng than 1. 
1526 TInDALE Acts iv. 9 Yf we..are examined [so 1611] of 
the good dede done to the sycke man. 

3. To investigate by inspection or manipulation 
the nature, qualities, or condition of (any object) ; 
to inspect in detail, scan, scrutinize. Also in 
various specific uses: To check, verify in detail 

(a calculation, an account); to _—. by in- 
spection or experiment the pathologica condition 
of (an organ, a person, or animal); to subject to 
autopsy; to search, inspect (baggage, etc.) for 
contraband goods. 

¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 248 Pei brouht be cronykles 

. pe old chartres & titles .. Of ilk a bisshop se, & ilk a 
priourie. . -Examend pam & cast ilk amountment. 1387 

Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 111. 205 From humeres he [Picta- 
goras] tornede hym to examyne strenges, and streyned 
guttes and senewes of schepe. 1476 Proclam. 3 Apr. in 
York Myst. Introd. 37 To serche, here, and examen all be 
plaiers and plaies and pagentes. 1580 Baret Adv. E 397'To 
discusse and exasarne diligently the account and —— 
ofthe souldiers. 1595 SHAKS. John 1. i. 89 Mine eye hat 
well examined his parts, And findes them perfect Richard. 
1644 Mitton Aveo. (Arb.) 50 It will ask..the work of 
twenty licencers to examin all the lutes, the violins, and the 
ghittarrs in every house. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 77 The 
Watch-men..stand in the Street by the ‘atch-houses, to 
examin every one that passeth by. 1742 Pope Dunc. ww. 234 
The critic Eye..Sees hairs and pores, examines bit by bit. 
1776 Trial of Nundocomar 23 Doss examined the books, 
and found the following entry. 1781-3 Cowrer Poet, Oyster, 
etc, 33 Many a grave and learned clerk, With curious touch 
examines me, If I can feel as well as he. 1828 Scorr /. - 

Perth xix, Let the chirurgeon Dwining examine that 
piece of clay, that he may tell us frawhe came by his tal 
death. 1860 TyNDALL G/ac. 1. xi. 73 Our guide had examined 
the glacier for some distance. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. 
Scotl. u. iv. 154 The visitors..met to examine the Latin 
versions. 1 Hartan Eyesight v. 64 Of a large number 
of men examined in Europe. four or five per cent. have 
been found color-blind. 

absol, a 1822 SHELLEY Allegory ii, Many passed it by 
with careless tread.. But others.. Pause to examine. 


4. To inquire or search into, investigate (a ques- 
tion or subject) ; to consider or discuss critically ; 


to your lawes 


| to try the truth or falsehood of (a proposition, 


gently examyninge the thing, madea temple tohym. 


| copious a Subject. 1 


statement, etc.). 

1382 Wycuir 2 Macc. i. 34 The kyng byholdynge and dili- 
€ 1490 
Plumpton Corr, (Camd. Soc.)76The cause wherof. .hath bene 

..shewed unto you; and..I desire and pray tet reply to 
exammaen it. 1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 28 Thys thyng of 
Socrates semyth to me somewhat straunge. .let vsalyt - 
amyn thys. 1599 SHaks. /en. V’, wv. i. 69 Ifyou woul 
the paines but to examine the Warres of Pom: the Nome 

1678 R. L’Estrance Gere — shy 02) 102 It Examins 
all the Circumstances of Time. pp1son /taly Pref., 
Few Men. .have Talents or Opporeanition for examining so 
Reiw Zut, Powers u. ix. (1803) I. 
235 We shall examine this theory afterwards. 1874 MorLey 
Compromise (1886) 221 The plea which we are examining. . 
would have to be expressed in this way. 

absol. 16ax Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. (1676) 43/2 At 
the first sight all is well, but farther examine, you shall find 
them wise on the one side, and fools on the other. 

b. with indirect question as 0/7.: To inquire, 
try to ascertain. 

1303 R. Brunne andl. Synne 9618 Prestes shulde .. 
examyne what she [the midwife] couthe. 1§26 Pilgr. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 10 God proueth vs, what “ be, and .. 
examyneth how moche we profyte in grace. OOKER 
Eccl. Pol. , viii. (1611) 22 Men will not bend ¢ ir wits to 
examine whether things. .be good or euill. 1647 CLareNDON 
Hist. Reb, v. (1843) 204/2 x was time to examin how he 
had lost those Priviledges Rew /xt. Powers u. viii. 
¢ 1803) I, 195 To examine Ss whatay there might not be other 

rst principles, 

5. To test (a person) by questioning ; esf. to 
interrogate in order to test the capacity or know- 
ledge of a pupil, a candidate for a certificate, 
degree, official employment, etc.). Const. iv, tof, 


on, 

la 1 Wks, (1880) 40 3if on wille. .comen to oure 
waberein, -late be mynystris = sly chasche. hem of og 
comun feib and pe sacramentis 
Brrnstey Lud, Lit. iii. 16 reaies teen § in slates of 4 
three letters, after in moe. 1715 Pripeaux Reform. Ui 


liii. in Such only, as shall obtain of 
Life 295 onl’. as all: cltain: = coseaae 


ee ie wid Degrot, 1730 Burgh Rec. 

30 Nov., in Grant Burgh Sch. Sete. 11. Vi. (1876) 
ees ron which Se wae 
plo Rene eee oes Life 1 57, 1 was examined 


Di: 


a 


1868 M. adem. Org. 


Pattison Ac 
were 


absol. 1612 BixsLey re Lit, xxviii. 1283 The Visitours 
..who are not sati to examine where, and as they 
wie Ren eee Sate Lond. Univ. Calendar 
we oS ee have power to examine 


ene Fo put questions on (what hasbeen learned) 
1612 BrinsLey ee oe ey examine those 
Verbs often, which wo Preterperfect tenses. /bid. 80 
In eaamiaing tha Syston, tele Wertem todo iin Lation 


6. To int te ae question (esf. a wit- 
ness, an acc 
Wyrcur Sel. 


Whs. ae poe Seay bisshopis. .and 


— weren wislyche examyned weren heretikis. 
Wywstoun Cron. viti. xxiv. 54 The drone he gert 


ma Swa be examynyd, pat etc. 1533 Ear: Dersy 
in Ele brig 3 Lett. 1. pe “i 43 William ton 


squyer 
and saith. 1549 Compl. Scotl. xii. 
Gebes: fir ten hyrdis var uae the Ai 
armye vas campit. ¢1590 Martowe Fawstus (Bullen) vi. 
113, a Faustus, a = ny) several names 
ispositions. ssex Papers (1 go There were 
no questions i .. what they were examined 
knew concerning Mr. Peter Talbots s “exercising of Eccle- 
siasticall Jurisdiction. 1779 J. Harris in Lett. 1st Zari 
Malmesbury (1870) 1. 410 Sir hade yp ba- ton was four hours 
being examined at the Bar House. 1818 Cruise 
Digest Oss th 429 The usage had always been, upon a 
d and wife, to examine the 
wife. 1838 198 Penny Cyet. X. 101/2 If a plaintiff consents to 
be examined as a witness his evidence may be admitted. 
+b. To wry go under torture. Cf. guestion. 

1580 Barer Aly, 395 To take awaie violently, and 
examine by torments. 1611 Brste Acts xxii. 24 The chiefe 
captaine .. bad that hee [Paul] should be examined by 
scourging. 1728 Morcan Algiers II. iv. 274 Tor- 
mentors examined him all the while, and to no Purpose. 

7. intr. + a. To look carefully, ‘ see to it’ it’ that, 
ete. (rare). b. To make examination, inquire z7/o. 

1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 426 » 2 To examine t no one 
over-hi them. ar Luoyp Dial. betw. Author & 
Friend, Read their works, examine fair—Show me in- 
vention, fancy there, 1837 Penny oe jh ad 46/1 Authority 
is given to the court. .to 
into any offence. 1839 ggg og "Hist. Eng. I. 90 To 
examine into the charges. M. Arnoitp Cult. & An. 
(1882) 223 That is, to oan: into the nature of real good. 

Hence Exa‘mined ///. a. 

1817 Sewyn Law Nisi Prius 11. 722 To be with 
an examined ba <4 of the writ. x W. Bett Dict. Law 
Scot. s. V., In..English law, an examined copy of a deed.. 
is a copy ..examined and certified by the proper officer. 

Examinee (egzx:minz"). [f. prec. vb. + -EE.] 
One examined ; a n under examination. 

1788 T. Twinixc in Mad, D’Arblay's mee 20 —_ 


aed t you think .. that the Examinee .. = 
the Exami r? ta oe E. iner 12 

The — by ie Monthy Mt iad 

LVIII. 528 ‘What verb should you ote et inquired 


examinee. 1868 M. Partison Academ. Org. v. 296 What 
kind of knowledge can they [examination questions] be the 
test of, in the examinee? 

er (egze’mina:). [f. as prec. +-ER1.] 

1. One who looks into the nature or condition of 
(a person or thing) ; 3 one who ma uires or searches 
into (facts); an investigator. +an official 
inspector (0ds.). Const. of. 

1561 T. Norton Ca/vin's /nst, m. 202 Sinne is a spiritual 
leprosie, therfore let .vs examiners of sinn. 1639 
Massincer Vrnat. Combat v. ii, Be but a ent eneainr 
of thyself. 1665 Orders Ld. Mayor Lond. 
Plague (1840) 39 That these examiners be sworn 
Prof Rolles Abridgmt. 2 be sick. 1668 == 

re, e's bridgm 2 
Examiner of businesses. 1799 V. 
Supp. Ee Wks. ae Vil. 4s 452 The rigid examiners of 

e into 


Christ tion .. the 
love of (lod, 


b. Hence: a frequent title of newspapers. 
1710-14 Swirt, etc. (¢it/e) The Examiner. 1808-36 L. 
Hunt, etc. (¢ét/e) The Examiner. 

e. (More fully Zxaminer of India Correspond- 
ence.) Under the East India vane poe the title 
of an official at the India House, who was re- 
sponsible for the conduct of the Company’s cor- 
a gd Kalender Examiner of India correspond 

R ¥ 5 
en's S. 1836 Gent. Ma, Ag 212 The duties of 
his is U. wit) im) ny ab3 ‘ vy-ie ie to 
The duty anion Y wa to ine the ine 
ters of the agents of the Company in in India and to draft 


instructions in reply. c of the C y's 
government was ly depend upon their 
abilities as statesmen, = . 
+2. One who examines or (an ac- 
cused person, a witness, etc.) ; one who conducts 
= official inquiry. ont ys 
- Actoa He same so en- 
Gek..05 wake backs fa the the saled examiners, "shall 
oe On The: bg Langs a they y 
asares ei ought to enquyre of 
he e PayNeLt 
the prymatyfe 1557 Pays dar 


commyssioners to these thre poi 
rehersed. 1676 Hate Com, Law Eng. xii. $9 A or~d 


EXAMINING. 


Clerk, Commissi ,» or E , will make a Witness 
speak what he truly never meant. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. 
Life (1747) ILL. 606 Nor did they [the Apostles]..alter any 
one of them [Circumstances] upon different Examinations 
before different Examiners. 

b. sfec. An officer, formerly of the Court of 
Chancery, now of the High Court of Justice, whose 
duty it is to take the depositions of witnesses when 
so directed by the court. Formerly more fully 
Examiner in Chancery. 

3. A person appointed to conduct an examina- 
tion of pe, candidates for degrees, etc. 

1715 [See Examine 5]. 1861 7imes 29 Aug., To defeat 
cramming is the most useful..art of the Examiner. 1886 
Oxf, Univ. Calendar 56 An Examination. .conducted by the 
Regius Professor of Civil Law..with three or four other 
Examiners. 

Hence Exa‘minership, the office of examiner. 

1880 in WessTER Supp. 1881 Atheneum 14 May 655/2 It 
ought to make examinerships less the monopoly of resident 
tutors than they have been. 1885 Law Times 25 July 
237/z Solicitors would not like to take paid examinerships 
on the terms suggested. a 

Examining (egze'minin), vd/. sb. [f. Ex- 
AMINE v. + -INGI.] The action of the vb. Ex- 
AMINE, in various senses. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melib, P 236 In the examynyng of 3o0ure 
counseiloures. c 1460 Towneley Myst. 193, my self shalle 
make examynyng. 1590 Sir J. Smyru Disc. Weapons 20, 1 
will now therefore proceed to the consideration and examin- 
ing of three most important things. 1612 BrinsLey Lad. 
Lit. xxii. (1627) 257 This strict examining will be a good 
meanes to make themattentive. 1884 Pad/ Mall G. 2 Apr. 
6/1 Unskilled examining is doing serious damage to the 
cause of education. 

attrib. 1793 Netson 14 Feb. in Nicolas Desf. (1845) I 

He must be in London before the 7th of March as that 
is the examining day. 

“| Used gerundially with omission of 7. 

1815 Mrs. Pirxincton Celebrity I. 222 During the time 
the wound was examining, Augustus worked himself up to 
a pitch of agony. 

Examining, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.] 
That examines ; appointed to examine. 

1783 Lett. Radcliffe §& Fames (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 232 The 
Bishop of Lincoln ordains. Bowerbank acts as examining 
chaplain. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. vi. 244 Oxford 
is now, with respect to its candidates for honours, little 
more than an examining body. i 

Hence Examiningly adv., in an examining or 
scrutinizing manner ; searchingly. 

1876 Gro. ELiot Dax. Der. vit. li, She still kept her hand 
in his, and looked at him examiningly. 1890 Cham, Fru. 
4 Jan. 16/1 He looked at her so examiningly that she could 
not but pause. - 

Examplar (egza'mplaz), s?. Now rare. Forms: 
5 examplaire, -ayre, -eir, -ire, exawmplere, 
5-7 exampler, 6-examplar. [a. OF. examflaire, 
exemplaire (see EXEMPLAR), semi-learned form of 
essamplaire :—late L. exemplarium, {. exemplum 
EXAMPLE sé. 

Now almost superseded by exemflar; it is possible that 
some of the recent instances may be merely misprints.] 

1. A pattern, model; a perfect specimen (of 
some quality) ; a person or thing to be imitated. 

c1430 Lyne. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 47 Moder of ihesu, 
myrrour of chastite..Trew examplire of verginite. 148: 
Caxton G. de la Tour D iij b, After thexamplayre of his 
sone. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. 60 They .. toke 
their examplar out of the dotages of the Gentiles. 1568 
E. Titney Flower of Friendship, A silent person is the 
exampler of wisedome. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Hed. ix. 23 It 
is necessarie therefore that the examplers of the czlestials 
be cleansed with these. 1603 Dante, Panegyr. King xxiii, 
There, great examplar ! prototype of kings! 1794 Patey 
Evid. (1825) U1. 311 He could no longer have a living ex- 
amplar to copy from, 1860 THackEray Round. Papers, 
Wid. nisi bonum 228 An examplar of goodness, probity, an 
pure life. 

+b. ?A deterrent example. Oés. 

[1560 (see ExampLar @.).] 

+2. A book of (moral) examples. Ods. vare—'. 

1483 Caxton G. de da Tour Aij, I tolde them that I wolde 

¢ a book and an examplayre for my doughters. 

8. + A copy, transcript (ods.). b. An exemplar 
(of a book), one of the ‘copies’ of which the 
edition consists. 

1413 Lypc. Pilger. Sowle v. xxix. (1859) 62 Euery good 
kynge is preised by the exampler [Fr. Zexemzflaire], figure, 
or statua of his good condicion, and knowen therby, ryght 
as aman is knowen =< Bee visage. ¢1475 Partenay Prol. 
131 That I ther take the exampleir wold Off a boke of his 
which that he had made. 1572 W. Mati in Hakluyt Voy. 
(1599) II. 1. r2x With what paine and diligence, I referre me 
to them which are skilfull in the Italian tongue, or may the 
better iudge, if it please them to trie the same, casting 
aside this exampler. 1880 Academy 4 Sept. 163/1 Pamphlets 
existing in unique examplars. : 

+4. A piece of needlework containing examples 
of stitches, etc.: see SAMPLER. Ods. 

1530 Patscr. 217/2 Exampler for a woman to worke by, 
exemple. 1583 Rick Phylotus §& Emetia (1835) 13 She might 
goe seeke out her examplers, and to peruse whiche woorke 
would doe beste in a Ruffe. 

+Exa'mplar, z. Obs. Also 6 examplair. [ad. 
OF. examplaire: see EXEMPLAR a@.] = EXEMPLARY 
in various senses: @. Serving or fitted to serve as 
an example, pattern, or model; b. ? Serving as a 
deterrent (quot. 1560; but this may be an instance 
of prec. sb. 


365 


_ 1560 Rotiann Crt. Venus u. 819 To that falt [unchastity 
in a Vestal] is na grace, Bot eirdit quik, to the laif examplair. 
1602 T. FitzHerBert Defence 8 Wee ad therto his religious 
lyfe, so examplar for all kynd of vertue. @ 1631 Donne 
in Selections (1840) 26 Wash thyself in these three examplar 
baths of Christ’s tears. 

Examplary: see EXEMPLARY. 

Example (egza'mp'l), sd. Forms: 4-6 ex- 
emple, exsaumple, 5-6 exaumple, -awmple, (5 
axampil, exsawmple, 6 exampul(l), 5-6 Sv. 
exaimple, exampill, -empill, 5- example. [a. 
OF. example, exemple, a refashioning (after Lat.) 
of earlier essample (see ASAUMPLE):—L. exem- 
plum, f. exem-, eximére to take out: see EXEMPT. 
The primary sense is thus ‘something taken out, a 
SAMPLE, specimen’. The main Eng. senses are 
derived from Lat. through Fr. In the arrange- 
ment below the presumed logical order has been 
adopted in preference to the order in which the 
senses are recorded in Eng. See also ASAUMPLE, 
ENSAMPLE, SAMPLE, which are ultimately the same 
word.] 

1. A typical instance; a fact, incident, quota- 
tion, etc. that illustrates, or forms a particular case 
of, a general principle, rule, state of things, ete. ; 
a person or thing that may be taken as an illustra- 
tion of a certain quality. Phrases, or, dy way 
of, example; formerly also (ellipt.) example in 
same sense. 

1447 Bokennam Seyntys Introd. (Roxb.) 3 And to thys 
manyfold of nature Exaimplys, acordyth weel scrypture. 
1538 Starkey England 1. i. 22 They see exampullys of 
many and dyverse, wych wythout profyt had attemptyd 
the same. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 123 Example his reporting 
of the baptisme wordes over himselve..maketh nether bap- 
tisme ne absolution. 1552 Apr. HAMILTON Catech. (1884) 12 
Foure familiar exempilles drawin fra the haly scripture. 
1585 Jas. 1. Ess. Poesie(Arb.) 61 As for exempill 3e man 
not say Then feir nocht Nor heir ocht. 1611 BisLe 7vans/. 
Pref. 2 Wee shall finde many the like examples. 1663 Grr- 
BIER Counsel 52 Eight pence difference, example, There 
goeth four load of Sand. 1697 Drypen 2neid Ded. Wks. 
1887 XIV. 164 Can we, for example, give the praise of va- 
lour to a man who [etc.].. 1752 Hume £ss. & 7 veat. (1777) 
I. 210 No criticism can be instructive which .. is not full 
of examples and illustrations. 1842 W. Grove Corr. Phys. 
Forces 62, I might weary you with examples, showing that, 
etc. 1860 TyNDALL Géac. 1. viii. 265 Almost all glaciers 
present .examples of such [glacier] tables. 1875 Jowrrr 
Plato (ed. 2) 1. 273 A round, for example, is ‘a figure’ and 
not simply ‘figure’. 1885 F. Tempe Relat. Relig. & Sec. 
iii. 69 The will is to Science the first example of power. 

b. A problem framed to exemplify a rule in 
arithmetic, mathematics, etc.; an exercise. 

1674 Prayrorp Skill Mus. ut. 96 Practice to play this Ex- 
ample of the Notes ascending and descending. 1847 Goop- 
win (¢itZe), A Collection of Problems and Examples adapted 
to the Elementary Course of Mathematics. 1888 WoLsTEN- 
HOLME (¢2t@e), Examples for Practice in the use of Seven- 
figure Logarithms. 

e. A specimen (of workmanship). Also, a 
‘copy’ of a book, etc. (now only with reference to 
rarities). 

1530 Patscr. 217/2 Example of a boke, copie. «1553 
Ascuam in Fleming Panopl. Epist. (1576) 4375 have 
sent examples [of this Epistle] to the Kinges majestie, and 
the rest of that noble and gallant companie. 1578 Lyte 
Dodoens 1. v. 11 Whiche a man shall finde described in some 
examples of Dioscorides. 1875 Fortnum Majolica v. 48 
This Florentine poreeiain is especially rare ; scarcely thirty 
examples being known to exist. 1880 Dazly News 2 Dec. 
5/3 A London bookseller lately disposed of an example for 
four shillings and sixpence. fod. ‘The gallery contains 
several examples of this master. 

2. Logic. = Gr. wapaderypa (Aristotle). The spe- 
cies of argument in which the major premiss of 
a syllogism is assumed from a particular instance. 

ay Hoszes PR het. 1. ii. (1681) 3 An Example is a short 
Induction, and an Enthymeme a short Syllogisme. 1774 
Rew Aristotle's Logic iv. §7 Aristotle gives some observa- 
tions upon imperfect syllogisms ; such as..example, which 
is an imperfect induction. 1860 Asp. THomson Laws Th. 
249 The Example is an argument which proves some thing 
to be true in a particular case from another particular case. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 505 Example comes into use 
when we identify something unknown with that which is 
known. S 

3. A signal instance of punishment intended to 
have a deterrent effect; a warning, caution; a 
person whose fate serves as a deterrent to others. 
Chiefly in phrases, ¢ Zor, +22 example, to make 
(a person, etc.) an example, an example of (a 
person); also, to take example. 

1382 Wycur Yude i. 7 Sodom and Gomor.. ben maad 
ensaumple [v.”. comune), sustenynge peyne of euerlast- 
inge fijr. 1548 Hatt Chron. 204 Caused the lord Welles.. 
to be behedded there, to the terrible example of other, 
which shal put their confidence in the promise of a prince. 
1568 Grarton Chron. 1253 Hanged at Greenewiche. .for rob- 
beries, in example of all other. c1592 Martowe Massac. 
Paris ut. iv, All rebels under Heaven Shall take example by 
his punishment. 1599 SHaks. Much Ado v.i. 332 An arrant 
knaue..which I beseech your worship to correct your selfe, 
for the example of others. 1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Cam- 
den) 76 Brought to the barre to be punished for example 
sake, 1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 389 Let these 
mens unhappy see sae be a warning to others. 1711 Ap- 
pison Sect. 16 P 3, 1,.will not be provoked .. to make an 
Example of any particular Criminal. 1793 Gouv. Morris 


EXAMPLE. 


in Sparks Life § Writ. (1832) 11. 388 The examples are so 
striking and terrifying that every individual trembles. 1803 
Pic Nic No. 4 (1806) f. 140 They must be made an example 
of. 1827 Pottox Course 7.x, Has he not given at times 
Example fierce of wrath and judgment? 

4. A parallel case in the past; also in phrases, 
beyond, without example. 

1530 Parser. 217/2 Example a symilitude of a thyng, ¢r- 
entple. 1595 Suaxs. Yohx 111. iv. 13 Such temperate order in 
so fierce a course, Doth want Example. 1707 Freinp Pefer- 
borow's Cond. SP. 50 A Discipline and Generosity without 
example. 1726 Butler Sevm. iv. 76 He was mild and 
gentle beyond Example. 1817 Par?. Deb. 205 The demand 
upon gunsmiths for every species of fire-arms has been be- 
yond all former example. 1821 SHELLEY H/ed/as Pref., A 
spirit and a wisdom which has few examples. 

5. A precedent appealed to, to justify or authorize 
any course of action. arch. or Obs. 

1gsog-1o Act, 1 Hen. VIII, c. 20 §1 That thees grauntz 
be not take in example to the Kyngez of England in tyme 
to comme. 1581 SaviLE Zacitus’ Hist. wv. x. (1591) 188 
Hordeonius..beganne a very ill example, that all letters 
sent from abroade should be deliuered to the standerd- 
bearers of the Legions. 1647-8 CotrerEeLt Davila’s Hist. 
Fr. (1678) 11 Katherine of Medicis. .according to many Ex- 
amples of former times, pleaded the right .. to assume.. 
the regency. 1700 Tyrrett Hist. Eng. II. 853 With a 
Saving Clause, that it should not be drawn into Example. 

6. A person’s action or conduct regarded as an 
object of imitation; often qualified by adjs. good, 
bad, evil, etc. Phrases, 7o give, leave, set an 
example. Also, a person whose conduct ought to 
be imitated ; a ‘ pattern’ of excellence. 

1382 Wycuir 1 7%. iv. 12 Be thou ensaumple [v. . ex- 
saumple]of feithful men in word. .in feith, in chastite. c 1460 
Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 10 They, by Example 
of Nembroth, made them Realmys. 1470-85 Matory 
Arthur u. i, Gyuyng example to alle the Barons. c1500 
Lancelot 3099 Neuer we .. mycht Have bet axampil than 
iffith ws 3one knycht. 1570 Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) 66 
This Court also neuer lacked many faire examples, for 
yong ientlemen to folow. 1664 EvELyn Kad. Hort, (1720) 
185 Forc'd either to Imitate, or as I do, to celebrate your 
Example. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 1, He copies from his 
master Sylla well, And would the dire example far excell. 
1796 H. Hunter St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 588 OF 
this our own Country ought to set the example to the Na- 
tions. 1853 Ropertson Ser. Ser. 1. 241 You copy the 
outline of a model : you imitate the spirit of an example. 
1870 Dickens £. Drood viii, If you will set me that ex- 
ample, I promise to follow it. 

b. In generalized sense: Action or conduct that 
induces imitation ; /evce, ‘influence that disposes 
to imitation’ (J.). 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. Rou. xvi. (1495) Cija/r 
The angels take by yefte and yeue forth by example. 1653 
Watton Angler 47 Well, you know what example is able 
todo. a1680 Butter Rev. (1759) 1. 73 Example, that im- 
perious Dictator Of all that’s good, or bad to human Na- 
ture. a@1729 J. Rocers 19 Sermz. iv. (1735) 70 Example is a 
Motive of a very prevailing Force on the Actions of Men. 
1796 Burke Regic. Peace i, Wks. VIII. 196 Example is the 
school of mankind, 1871 Smites Charac. ii. (1876) 35 Ex- 
ample is far more than precept. It is instruction in action. 

ce. Zo take example: to learn by, or copy, the 
example of another. Const. + at, dy, tof 

¢ 1386 CHaucer Pro. 568 A gentil Maunciple was ther of 
a temple, Of which achatours mighten take exemple. 1477 
Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 86 He is right happy that can 
chastyse himself taking example by other. 1548 Upatt, 
etc. Evasm. Par. Fohn 103 b, Ye shall take exaumple at 
me. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Porrex ix, Example take you 
Princes of the land. 1611 Corcr., E-vemplairement, ex- 
emplarily ; for others to follow, or to take example by. 
1632 SHERWooD, To take example by, patrouner. 

d. Of (bad) example (=L. mali exempli, Fr. de 
mauvars exemple). rare. 

1865 M. Arnotp Ess. ix Criticism 66 Some people will 
say these are little things; they are not, they are of bad 
example. 

Ve. A pattern, design to be copied. Ods. (A 
mere Latinism.) 

1539 Bisce (Taverner) 1 Chron. xxviii. 12 Dauid gaue 
Salomon his son the paterne of the porch. .and the example 
of that was in his mynde. 1609 (anaes) Num. viii. 4 Ac- 
cording to the example which our Lord shewed to Moyses, 
so wrought he the candlesticke.. 

7. An alleged designation for a company (of 
‘ masters’). Ods.—° 

1486 Bk. St. Albans F vija, A Example of maisteris 

8. Comb., as example-giver. 

1540 CoverDALE Fruitf Less. i.(1593) Rivb, Before vs we 
haue an high perfect example giuer. 

Example (egza'mp'l),v. Also 5exawmplyn, 
5-6 exaumple, 6 exemple. [f. prec. sb. Cf. 
OF. exemplier.] 

1. trans. To exemplify; to furnish a model or 
pattern of ; to find or give an example or instance 
of; also with sentence as 047. Ods. exc. in passive. 

c1440 Promp. Parv. 144/2 Lvl Ir exemplifico. c1449 
Precock Refr. 452 For to exaumple bi hise dedis to othere 
men the seid iiij' principal governaunce. 1556 J. Heywoop 
Spider & F. \xxviii. 128 My meaning. .last exampled by my 
fleeing with flise. 1398 CHAPMAN //iad 1v. 238 He examples 
this With toiling, like the worst, on foot. 1613 SHERLEY 
Trav. Persia 18 To.example to other how much it pleaseth 
God to fauour good intentions. 1655 E. Terry Vay. £. 
India 218 Keeping to their old fashions exampled to them 
by their predecessors. 1795 SourHey Yoan of Arc V1. 343 
Exampling hardiest deeds, Salisbury struck down the foe. 
1828 CARLYLE in Foreign Rev. 11. 116 Of an interest alto- 
gether peculiar, and not in this degree exampled in recent 


EXAMPLELESS. 


literature. 1879 Mortey Burke 89 Burke devoted himself to 
this duty with a fervid assiduity that has not cften been 
exampled, and has never been surpassed. 

b. Of things: To be an example of. 

1881 A thenwum 25 June 840/1 Mr. quotes, as ex- 
ampling Wordsworth at his highest, the single line, Will no 
one tell me what she sings? 

+2. To hold forth (a person) as an example. 
Also with out. Ods. 

1625 Fietcuer Lover's bit. u. iii, You are the pat- 
tern of fair friendship, Exampled for your love. 1639 w. 
Scrater (Jun.) Worthy Communicant 7 The stroke of 
God’s displeasure ; of which Nadab and Abihu .. are _ex- 
ampled out for our warni! 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 
1v. xx. 268 Fortune had an intent to example him. .for his 
sufferings. 

+3. To furnish an antecedent ——— or pre- 
cedent for; to justify by precedents. Ods. 

1587 (tite), A Defence of the honorable Sentence and 
Execution of the Queene of Scots, exempled with analo- 
gies. 1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. 1. ii. 121 That I may example 
my digression by some mighty president. 1598 — Fohnw. 
iii. 57 [This shall] proue a deadly blood-shed but a iest, 
Exampled by this heynous spectacle. 

4. +a. Of things: To serve as an example or 
warning to (ods.). b. Of persons: To set an ex- 
ample to, instruct by example. rare. 

1592 GREENE Art Conny-catch. m1. 25 Let the poore Cut- 
lers mishap example others. 1631 Laup Seven Serm. (1651) 
325 And what a Kings Son may learne, when he is exampled 
by such a Father. 1772 J. Wootman Fru. x. (1840) 147 
Placing children. .where they may be likely to be exampled 
and instructed. 1816 CoLeripce Statesm. Man. (1839) 315 
‘Taught by God’s word, exampled by God's providence, 
commanded by God’s law, 1881 W. E. Hentey in Aca- 
demy 27 Aug. 156/1. The pair settle quietly down .. gene- 
rally exampling their friendsand neighbours. 1883 E. Bat- 
rour in M/ag. Art Aug. 398 ‘Fhey..example those whom 
they are engaged in teaching. 

+5. intr. a. To serve as an example or warning. 
b. To quote an example. Obs. 

1571 Henryson Mor. Fables 28 This suddaine death .. of 
this false Tod. .examples exhortand folke to amend. 1599 
B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, I will example unto you: 
Your opponent makes entry as you are engaged with your 
mistress. : 

Hence Exa‘mpled ///. a., that is made an ex- 
ample. Exa'mpling //. a., that sets an example. 

a 1637 B. Jonson Underwoods, Epithal. x, Search, Sun, 
and A of wilt find They are th’ exampled Paire, and mir- 
rour of their kind. 1715-20 Pope //iad vi. 75 A dreadful 
lesson of exampled fate. c16z1 Cuapman //iad 1. 337 Thy 
brave exampling hand Might double our young Grecian 
spirits. 

+ Exampleless, @. Obs. rave. Also 7 ex- 
amplesse. [f. EXAMPLE sd.+-LESS.] Without an 
example or precedent ; unexampled. 

1603 FLorio Montaigne i. xii. (1632) 587 What is become 
of that .. wonderfull examplelesse cuales? 1603 B. Jon- 
son Sejanus u. iv, So examplésse [sic] and vnblam’d a life, 
As that of the renown’d Germanicus. 

Exampleship (egza‘mp'lfip). vare—'. [f. 
EXAMPLE sb. +-SHIP.] The function of setting an 
example. 

1864 Sat. Rev. XVIII. 743’2 Exampleship belongs to 
them [the queen on her throne, the father in his family, 
etc.] as a sort of heritage. 

+ Exa'mplify, v. Ods. rare—'. [f. Ex- prefix! 
+ AMPLIFY.] ¢vans, = AMPLIFY. 

1677 Wycuertey Plain Dealer u1.i,1 will, as I see cause, 
extenuate, or examplify Matter of Fact. 

Examplify, obs. form of EXEMPLIFY. 

Examply, var. of EXEMPLY v. Ods. 


Exan. 
1597 Gerarp Herbal, Suppl. to Table Eng. Names, 
Exan is Croswort, yet not our Cruciata. 
+Exangera‘tion. Ods. rare. [irreg. f. Ex- 
pref. + ANGER V.+-ATION.] Provocation to anger. 
1631 R. H. Arraigum. Whole Creature xviii. 306 Instead 
of hoped Contentation : wee reape vexation, exangeration, 
distraction. /éid. 307 They subject the Soule to exceeding 
divisions, distractions, exangerations and vexations. 
Exanguin, -guious, -guous, etc.: see Exs-. 
+Exangulous, a. Ods.—° [f. Ex- prefix) 
+L angul-us ANGLE +-0U8S.] Without angles or 
corners. 1730-6 in Batey (folio). 1775 in Asn, etc. 


+ Exa‘nimal, a. Ods.—° [ad. L. exanimal-is, 
f. ex- (see Ex-) + anima breath. Cf. anima/l.J 
Lifeless, breathless. 1730-6 in Batey (folio). 


Exanimate (egz-, eksx'nim¢t), Af/. a. [ad. L. 
exanimat-us, pa. pple. of exanimdre: see next.] 

1. Deprived of life, lifeless, dead ; rarely of an 
inorganic substance = INANIMATE. 

1552 Hutoet, Exanimate or kylled, confectus. 1 
Srenser ¥. Q. u. xii. 7 Ships, w ich had n wrecked 
late. .stuck with carcases exanimate. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. 
ix. § 1 (1643) 469 Oftentimes by dust and knocks the 
[bears] are almost exanimate and without life. 1804 J. 
Graname Sabbath (1839) 23/2 The circling halo beam'd .. 
Upon that face, clothed in a smile benign, h yet 
exanimate. 1848 Miter First /mpr. ii. (1857) 23 It is a 

trifaction—a fossil..an exanimate stone. 1858 Chamd. 
pr IX. 3? Thither, almost exanimate from 

¢ conveyed, 
b. Lifeless in appearance ; without respiration. 

1619 R. Jones Serm. in Phenix (1708) 11. 490 were 
exanimate ; but whether that Fit held them only by way of 
Syncope, or [etc.]. 1837 Old Commodore 1. 219 Exanimate, 


right..was 


366 


collapeed, the Commodore «; sas :- lifted op board, 
—_— ‘a.xtons xvi. viii, Squills again closed om 


2. Deprived or destitute of animation or courage ; 
spiritless. ; 

C1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 185 At whose 
fall t dew b hartel and i 


te (egz-, eksx'nimeit), v. rare in 
mod. use. Also 7 exanimat. [f. L. exanimat- 
ppl. stem of exanimdre to deprive of life, f. ex- 
out + anima breath of life.] 

+1. “vans. a. To deprive of life; to kill. b. 
To bs ip of the appearance of life; to render 
breathless or unconscious. Oés. 

1593 B. Barnes Parthenophil & P. Sonn. lvi, Thy love, 
which doth each part exanimate. 1620 Venner Via Recta 
(1650) 225 A Charcoal-fire will quickly exanimate you and 
cast you into a sowne. 1657 Tomuinson Renon’s Disp. 24 
That they might exanimate .. all those whose life ,. they 
envy or hate. 

b. fig. humorous. To knock the breath out of. 

1878 Fraser's Mag. XVII. 738 Mr. Sayce has furnished 
enough grammatical details, not only to ‘ flutter’ the Ary- 
ans, but to exanimate most believers in a grammar at all. 

+2. To deprive of courage or spirit; to dis- 
hearten, dispirit. Ods. 

1ss2 in Hutoer. 1567 Drant Horace’ Epist. u. i. G vj, 
These two doth much exanimate And strykes the hart full 
coulde. 1638 A. Reap Chirurg. ii. 14 Ustion .. is horrible 
to the.. apprehension ; for it doth in a manner exanimat 
cowardly persons. 1 Fiavet Saint Indeed (1754) 141 
If it be attended..with suffering, it will exanimate and 
sink him. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 

Hence Exa‘nimated, Exa‘nimating ///. adjs. 

1689 T. PLunxet Char. Gd. Commander 3 But our brave 
Hero, whom I now describe, Is none of that exanimated 
Tribe. 1607 Torsett Four-f Beasts (1673) 341 The old 
Magicians by reason of this exanimating property, did not 
a little glory in these beasts. 

Exanimation (egz-, eksz:niméi‘fan). [ad. L. 
exanimation-em, n. of action f. exanimare: see 
EXANIMATE v.] ta. Deprivation of life (ods.). 
b. ‘Apparent death from swooning’ (Syd. Soc. 
Lex. 1884). @. Deprivation of spirits, dishearten- 
ing, discouragement. 

a. 1670 Maynwarinc Vita Sana xvi. 148 Fear. .scatter- 
ing [the spirits] from the Fountain of Life, into the external 
parts, making a dissolution almost to exanimation. 

b. 1731-1800 Baitey, E-xanimation ..a swooning or 
such a sinking of the Spirits as is attended with the Loss of 
Sense for some time. 

Cc. 1604 ‘I’. Wricut Passions v. 175 Euery accent .. ex- 
clamation, indignation. .exanimation, exultation, fitly deli- 
uered, is, etc. 1635 VALENTINE Four Sea-Serm. 55 An 
exanimation of the mariners. .because of the greatnesse of 
the danger. 

|| Ex animo (eks e‘nimo). [L. ex out of + 
animé, abl. of animus soul.) Literally: From the 
soul; hence, heartily, sincerely. 

1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. xviii. (1627) 214 To dispute, as 
if ex animo in eee earnest, with all contention and vehe- 
mencie. 1 oBERTSON in Life I, 101 As to the Church 
of England, I am hers, ex animo. 

+ Exa‘nimous, a. 0/s.-° 
lifeless +-oUS.] (See quot.) 

1730-6 Batter (folio), Exanximous, without spirit or life. 
Hence in Johnson and in mod. Dicts. 

+Exannual, a. Obs. rare—'. [App. f. Ex- 

nae +AnnuaL.] In Zxannual Roll: a roll 
kept at the Exchequer to which debts to the 
Crown presumed to be irrecoverable were trans- 
ferred, instead of being carried forward in the 
‘Annual Roll’ from year to year. 

1650 Order Ct. of Exchequer in Hale Sheriffs Accompts 
(1683) 96 So much of the said Firmes as. .are ¢ illevi- 
able, shall be..conveyed out of the said annual Roll and 
Sheriffs Accompts into the exannual Roll of this Court. 

Exannulate (cksxnilet), a. Bot. [f. Ex- 
priv. + ANNUL-US + -ATE*.] Having no annulus 
or ring round the sporangium, as certain ferns ; 
opposed to ANNULATE. 

1861 BrntLey Bot. 369 Those in which the ring is absent 
are said to be exannulate. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. x. $2. 
361 Not dehiscent, exannulate. 

+ Exa‘nnulose, a. Zool. Ods. [f. EXx- priva- 
tive + ANNUL-US+-OSE.] Of certain invertebrate 
animals: Having a body not consisting of rings 
or ring-like segments. 

1832 JounsTon in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club. 1. 8 Communica- 
tions relating to the lose inverteb tribes have 
been made as yet only by myself. 

Exanthalose (ekse'npiléus). A/in. [f Gr. 
fav0-éev (see EXANTHEMA) + GA-s salt + -OSE. 
(First used in Fr. by Beudant A/inéra/. (1832) IL. 
475)]_ (See quots.) 

1837 R. ALLAN omy ad Min, 198 Exantholose. 1844 
Dana Min. 221. 1868 /did. 637 Exanthalose ..is a white 
efflorescence, such as results from the exposure to the air 
of glauber salt, 1882 Watts Dict, Chem. 11. 613 Exantha- 
Jose, native sulphate of sodium. 


| as prec.: see -LOGY. 


EXARATE. — 


form of next.] eee) e 
1656 Biount Glossogr., Exanthemes, -— Sol Pes 


wheals or pushes in a mans skin, M 
Ven. Dis. (1879) 737 The extensive superficial exanthems 
are peculiar to the months of the disease. j.S. 
pooner pad ihe ihe pe: G os 
should be exclusively to eruptions which 
and characterise the inlictious Severs. 
|| Exanthema (eks&npz'ma). Pl. -ata. [late 


L., a. Gr. é{av@nya eruption, f. egavOéew, f. é- out 

+ dv6éev to blossom, f. dv@0s blossom.] 

1. Path. An efflorescence, eruption, or rash such 
as takes place in measles, pox, etc. Also, 
a disease characterized } an erup- 
tive disease. Chiefly £/. 

1657 Phys. Dict., Exanthemata, the small are pus- 
Foot. L solie. soy Sous toe pa ae ee ae bee 

vrav. 1. XXlv. 

.. been seized with Pr ghans stiended with aeauebes 
mata. 1806 Med. Soni. XV. 383 Frambeesia .. resembles 
variola and the other exanthemata. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. 
Pathol. 15 Certain febrile affections, especially the 
exanthemata. 

2. Sot. Blotches and eruptive excrescences on 
the surface of leaves. 

1866 in 7 reas. Bot. , 7884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

thematic (cksz:npime'tik), a. Path. 

[f. Gr. éfavOnuar-, stem of éfav@nya (see prec.) + 
-Ic.] Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, an 
exanthema ; eruptive. 

1860 in Mayne £x/f. Lex. 
Hinges (ed. 3) 106 
anthematic typhus. 


Exanth 


L 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. 
ospital gangrene is a precursor of ex- 


(eks&npimatg'lodzi). [f. 
The doctrine or study of 
the exanthemata ; a treatise on eruptive fevers. 


(1730-6 Baitey (folio), £. th gia, an or 
treatise of eruptive fevers, the measles and s 1 pox.] 1860 
[f as 


in Mayne Exp. Lex. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 
thematous (eks%npi‘mitas), a. 

prec. + -ous.] Of, or pertaining to, or of the 

nature of an exanthema; efflorescent. 

1755 Jounson, Zxanthematous, pustulous ; efflorescent ; 
eruptive. _ Layarp Cattle Distemp. in Phil. Trans. 
LXX. 543 The contagion was not of the exanthematous 
sort. 1836 Topp Cyci. Anat. I. 429/1 In the exanthematous 
diseases, the leet pasteles of the general disorder of the 
system. 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 108/1 Fever is an essential 
element in exanthematous disease. 

Exanthine (eksx'npoin). [f. Gr. éfav0-éew 
(see EXANTHEMA) +-INE.] The Purree or Indian 
yellow of India. 1875 in Ure Dict. Arts. 

+ Exantlate, a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. exant- 
lat-us, ee pple. of exantlare: see EXANTLATE v.] 
Pumped out; drained. 

1651 Biccs New Disp. » 81 Not yet exantlate and ex- 
hausted with generating and soncocen 

+ Exa‘ntlate, v. Ods. [f. L. exantlat- ppl. 


emato. 


| stem of exantlare to draw out (a liquid). 


[f. L. exanim-is 


The etymology of the L. word is disputed; some, relying 
on the variant spelling exanclare (which seems to be the 
better attested of the two), consider it to be f. ¢2- out+an- 
culus servant, so that the primary sense would be ‘to draw 
(water, etc.) as a servant.’ Others regard the word as ad. Gr. 
éfarrAeiv to pump out, empty (liquids), f. é£ out+drrAos 
hold of a ship. In any case the fig. use of e-xantlare or 
exanclare for ‘to endure to the uttermost’ must have been 
suggested by the precisely similar use of the Gr. word.] 

1. trans. To draw out as from a well. 

¢16g0 CHARLETON cited x Biount Glossogr. (1656) (cf. 
quot. 1650s, v. EXANTLATION. 

2. To waste away, spend, exhaust. Also 7e/. 

1660-3 Bovis Usef. Nat. Phil. u,v, Acid or saline liquors, 
which .. soon , or exantlate ives by work- 
ing, and thereby ¢ unfit for future operations. | 1680 
— Scept. Chem. 11, 117 By time those seeds are Weari’d or 
Exantlated, or unable to het their Parts. .any er. 

‘tion. Obs. [f. prec. : see -ATION.] 

1. The action of drawing out, as water from a 


well ; fig. only. Goi 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. v.18 Trath which wise 
men say doth lye in a well, is not recoverable but a exant- 
lation. 1650 CHArceron tr. Van Helmont's Delir. Catarrhi 
Pref, 7 A deplorable remora to the timely exantlation of 
Truth. 1704 Swirt 7. 7xé Introd., To draw up by exant- 
lation or display by incision. 1731-800 in Baitey; and 
in mod. Dicts. 


2. Exhanstion ; exhausted condition. 


1651 Biccs New Dis. 42 Most of them have annexed 
their own Iti lation of their powers. 


Exappendiculate (ekswpéndikivlét), a. 
Bot. Ee Ex- prefix! + L. appendicul-a (APPEN- 
DICLE) +-ATE2.] “Haying no appendicles or ap- 


rae r 
31870 Hooker Stud. Flora 48 Petals exappendiculate, 
Exarate (eksare't), a. Zntom. [ad. L. ex- 
prin pa. pple. of exardre; see next v.] (See 
quot. Kee td 
x Anim, Life 76 The chrysalis .. differs . - 
sterner a oa 
varie! are 
the larval skin fs aimply thrown off It is known as incom- 
plete, exarate or /i 
+Evxarate, v. Obs. [f. L. exarat- stem of 
exarare to i, up; also, to trace on 
a waxen tablet, f. ex- out + arare to plough.) 


EXARATION. 


1. ¢vans. To dig or plough up. 

1656-81 in BLount Glossogr. 

2. To write or note down. 

1656 in Bount Glossogr. 1657 REEvE Goa’s Plea 230God 
hath an observing eye over a Penitent, and doth exarate 
and can enumerate all his manifestations. 

tion (eksarzi‘fon). [ad. late L. exard- 

tion-em, n. of action f. exardre: see EXARATE v.] 

+1. The action of ploughing. Ods.—° 

1658-96 in Puitiirs, 1721-1800 in Baiey. 

2. The action of tracing (characters) upon stone, 
or writing. Also concr. a writing ; a composition ; 
vare in mod. use. 

1631 R. Byrieip Doctr. Sabd. 76 This pleadeth the neces- 
sitie of. .their exaration, or drawing, as it were, with his 
pencill on the Tables of stone. 1683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. 
to Pordage’s Mystic Div. 94 These exarations of his Penn. 
1716 M. Davies A then. Brit, 11. 389 The Whimsical Exara- 
tions of Socinus, Crellius, etc. 1755in JoHNSON. 1840 W. H. 
Mortey in Lane Arad. Nts. (1841) III. 743 The story in 
the Persian MS...is written in three different hands. 
The first part .. has been apparently added since the exara- 
tion of the other two. : 

+ Exa‘rceate, v. Obs. rare—'. [irreg, f. Ex- 
prefix'+L. arcé-re to keep off+-aTe3.] ¢rans, 
To hinder, prevent. 

1657 ToMLINSON Renou’s Disp. 256 It [aloes] takes away 
obstructions, exarceates putretude. 

Exarch (eksaik). Also 6 exarke. [ad. L. 
exarch-us, a, Gr. €apxos, in class. Gr. a leader, 
chief, f. &dpxew to take the lead, f. eg (see Ex- 
pref.2)+dpxev to begin, rule. In the post-clas- 
sical uses represented by the Eng. word, the prefix 
was perh, taken in the sense ‘ out, sent out’.] 

1. Under the Byzantine emperors, the governor 
of a distant province, as Africa or Italy; in the 
latter case with title ‘ Exarch of Ravenna’. (The 
title was revived in the Holy Roman Empire : 


see quot. 1751.) 

1588 ALLEN Admon. 44 So did S. Gregory the first moue 
Genadius the Exarke, to make warres against the heritikes, 
160r R. Jounson Aingd. § Comm. (1603) 107 Ravenna, 
where some epnerors have kept their courts, and after them 
their Exarches or lieutenants. 1751 CHAMBERS CycZ. s.v., 
The emperor Frederic created Heraclius .. exarch of the 
whole kingdom of Burgundy. 1788 Gipson Decd. § /. xlix. 
V. 120 These remote provinces [Italy and Africa] required 
the presence of a supreme magistrate ; he was indifferently 
styled the exarch or the patrician. 1832 tr. Sismondi’s [tal. 
Ref. i. 11 Governed bya lieutenant of the Emperor of Con- 
stantinople, under the title of exarch of the five cities of 
Pentapolis. 1 Mitman Lat, Chr, (1864) II. 1. vii. 132 
The Exarch of Ravenna, the representative of the Byzan- 
tine Empire. 1872 E. W. Ropertson Hist. Ess. 205 The 
Pope .. anointing .. Pepin and his two sons .. as Patricians 
of the Romans thus occupying the condition of the 
Exarch, 

2. Zccl. In the Eastern Church, a title originally 
equivalent to ‘archbishop’, ‘metropolitan’, or 
‘patriarch’, which in early use were employed 
almost indiscriminately. Subsequently, ‘a bishop 
having charge of a province, and next in rank to 
a patriarch’ (Catholic Dict.) ; also, a legate or de- 
puty of the patriarch, entrusted with some special 
charge or mission. 

a@x600 Hooker Eccl, Pol. vu. xvi. 421 In the council of 
Carthage. .it was decreed, that the bishop of the chief see 
should not be entitled the exarch of priests. 1635 Pacitr 
Christianogr. 1. ii. (1636) 58 Gregorius Hieromonachus, the 
Patriarchal Exarch from Trapezunt. 1751 CHamBeErs Cycé. 
s.v., In 493 Sebas was established exarch, or chief, of all the 
anchorets within the territory of Jerusalem. 185r Hussey 
Papal Power ii. 74 Bishops or clergy should appeal from 
their metropolitan to the exarch of the Province. 1877 
E. Venasres in Dict. Chr. Biog. 1. 288/r He [Basil of 
Caesareia] was metropolitan of Cappadocia, and exarch of 
Pontus. 1 ARNOLD-ForsTer in Contes, Rev. Mar. 412 
The constitution of the Bulgarian Exarch by the Porte in 


1870, 

Hence Exa‘rchal a., of or pertaining to an 
exarch. 

1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) II. 1v. ix. 414 The exarchal 
government from the first had only been powerful to tyran- 
nise and feeble to protect. 

Exarchate (eksaikeit, eksa-1kt). Also 6-7 
exarchat, -cat. [ad. late L. exarchat-us, f. ex- 
archus: see Exarow. Cf. Fr. exarchat.] 

1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of an ex- 
arch, whether a. civil, or b. ecclesiastical. 

&@. 1861 Daus tr. Bullinger on A foc. (1573) 196 b, Longi- 
nus brought in a new name of Ha that , to witte, the 
exarchate of Italie. 1635 Paaitt Christianogr. 259" After 
the overthrow of the Exarchat..the Romans began to be 
governed by .. the Popes. 1678 Wantey Wond. Lit. World 
v. ii. § 16. 4690/2 Justinus the second instituted the Ex- 
archate of Ravenna, 175x CuambBers Cyc/, s.v. Exarch 
The exarchs subsisted about a hundred and eighty-five 
years, and ended in Eutychius ; under whose exarchate the 
city of Ravenna was taken by the Lombard king. 

b. 1876 Daily News 16 Be. 5/6 A self-governed pro- 
vince, including the territory of the Bulgarian exarchate. 

2. The province or territory governed by an ex- 
arch, whether a. civil, or b. ecclesiastical. 

a@ 1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 117/1 Pipinus..gaue..to 
the said see of Rome, the exarchat or princedome of Ra- 
uenna. 1764 Gipson Misc. Wks. (1814) V. 39 Pepin and 
Charlemagne. . mv the duchy of Rome and the exarchate 
of Ravenna to the popes. 1861 J. Sueprarp Fal? Rome vi. 
314 The Byzantines still retained the exarchate, 


367 


b. 1877 E. Venastes in Dict, Chr. Biog. 1, 290/2 He 
{Basil] was to be found in every part of his exarchate, 

Hence + Exa‘rchateshi:p, O/s. 

1606 G. W[oopcocke] tr. Yustin’s Hist. Hh vj a, Tus- 
tinivs .. instituted the Exarchatship. 

+Erxarchy. Obs.—° [f. Exarcu + -v3.]=prec. 

1656-81 BLount Glossogr., Exarchy, the chief place of 
dignity under the Emperor, the Lieutenancy of the Empire. 
1721-1800 in BaiLry. 

xareolate (eksjir7-dleit), a. Bot. [f. Ex- 
prefix) + AREOLA +-ATE?.] Unmarked by areole ; 
not areolate. 1866 in Treas. Bot. 

Exarillate (eks,z'rileit), a. Bor. [f. Ex- prefix 
+L. artll-us ARIL+-ATE?.] Having noaril ; not 
arillate. 

1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 150 Corolla with a twisted 
zstivation. .exarillate seeds. 

Exaristate (eks)aristeit), a. Bor. [f. Ex- 
prefix! + Arista + -aTE?.] Having no arista, 
awn, or beard; not aristate. 

1866 in Treas. Bot, 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Exarticulate (eksjaiti‘kis/lct), @ Lntom. 
[mod. f. Ex- pref.) + L. articul-us joint + -arE?. 
(Late L. had exarticuddtus.in sense ‘ inarticulate’.)] 
Not jointed ; not consisting of two parts. 

1835 Kirsy /ad. § Just. Anim. II. xvi. 78 An elongated 
exarticulate base, representing the handle of a whip. 

Exarticulate (eks,aitikis/le't\, v. [f. as prec. 
+-ATE3.] ¢rvans. +a. ‘To put out of joint; dis- 
locate’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-81). Obs. b. ‘To 
remove a limb, or a part of a limb, at a joint’ 
(Syd. Soc. Lex, 1884). 

xarticulation (e:ks,aitikis/léi-fon). [f. as 
prec. +-ATION,] 

+1. The putting (a limb) out of joint ; disloca- 
tion, luxation. Odés. 

1658 in Puitiirs, 1721 in Battery ; whence in mod. Dicts, 

2. Amputation at a joint; removal of a limb, 
or a part of a limb, at a joint. 

1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Exa'rtuate, v. Ods.—° [f. late L. exartuat- 
ppl. stem of exartudre (Carpentier), f. ex- (see 
Ex- pref.!) + artus joint: cf. ARTUATE.] 

1656-81 BLount Glossogr., Exartuate, to carve as meat 
is carved, to quarter as the hangman doth. 

+ Exa‘sper, v. Ods. [ad. (directly or through 
F. exaspér-er) L. exasper-dre: see EXASPERATE v.] 
= EXASPERATE v. 

1545 Jove Exf, Dan. vii. 96 b, A lyon is a cruell beast yf 
he be exaspered. 1637 R. Humpurey tr. St, Ambrose i. 9 
Whosoever hee bee that exaspereth, 

Exasperate (egza'spéreit), pa. pple. and Afi. a. 
[ad. L. exasperat-us, pa. pple. of exasperare: see 
EXASPERATE v.] 

+A. pa. pple.; in various senses of the vb. Ods. 

1540-1 Eryor /mage Gov. (1549) 160 Wherwith thei beeyng 
exasperate .. wente vnto two gentilmen dwellyng hereby. 
1545 Raynoip Byrth Mankynde 119 Yf it be so that the 
cough haue exasperat and made rough the tounge. 1585 
Lioyp 7reas. Health H viij, Apply vnto the head beyng 
shauen: mustarde seed, & the skynne shalbe exasperate 
and the rewme dryed. 1605 SHaxs. Macéd, ut. vi. 38 This 
report Hath so exasperate their King, that hee Prepares for 
some attempt of Warre. 1609 HoLtanp Am. Marcel xiv. 
v. 8 This rigor of his... was much more exasperate by in- 
karo of certain offensive crimes. 

. Ppl, a. 

1. Bot. Rough; covered with short stiff points. 

1866 in Treas. Bot. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

2. = EXasPERATED 2 and 3. avch. 

160x Hottanp Pliny (1634) II. 21x Some diseases would 
be more exasperat and angry. 1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. v. i. 
34 Ther. Do I curse thee? Paty. Why no.. Ther. No? 
why art thou then exasperate? 1622 Bacon Hen. V/J, 79 
Matters grew more exasperate betweene the two kings of 
England and France. 1795 Soutney Joan of Arc u. 190 
To the exasperate patience of the foe [we opposed] Despe- 
rate endurance. 1854 7azt’s Mag. XXI. 167 He pours out 
the whole full flood, fiery and exasperate, of his emotions. 
1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh wv. 177 Swallows which 
the exasperate dying year Sets spinning in black circles. 

Exas te (egza'spéreit), v. Also 6-7 ex- 
asperat. [f. L. exasperat- ppl. stem of exasperare 
to ee. oi irritate, f. ex- (see Ex- pref!) + asper 


ek 

+1. To make harsh or rugged ; to add harshness 
to (language, sounds, etc.) ; to render (laws) 
more severe. Ods, 

—— Introd. Mus. 177 Cadences bound with the 
fourth or seuenth .. being in long notes will exasperat the 
harmonie. 1634 H. R. Salerne Regim. 155 Nuts. .exaspe- 
rate the voyce and make it like a Cranes voyce. 1643 Mit- 
Ton Divorce i. xvii, Not considering that the Law should 
be exasperated according to our estimation of the injury. 
1651 W. G. tr. Cowel’s Inst. 264 So great hath been the 
bloody wickednesse of these times, that this Law hath been 
somewhat more exasperated. — Christ Exalted 99 Our 
Translators do rather mollifie, than exasperate, the word 
timeas, and say, Thou hast aborred. 1765 Beattie Ox 
Churchill 87 Did hate to vice exasperate thy style, No— 
Bufo match’d the vilest of the vile. 

2. To increase the fierceness or violence of (a 
disease, pain, appetite, etc.). Now with mixed 
notion of 3, 4. 

1611 CoTGr., Aigyum,any thing that encreases, or exaspe- 
rates, a disease, or sore. @ 1677 Barrow Servz. in Beauties 


EXASPERATED. 


of B. (1846) 59 Rubbing the sore doth tend to exasperate 
and inflame it. 1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 197 All 
the other Symptonis will be exasperated by the tumult which 
Evacuations cause. 1783 P. Se Chirurg. Wks, 11. 311 
Scirrhus or cancer .. was exasperated, and made worse by 
it, 1843 Prescorr Mexico (1874) I. 347 Two injuries on 
the head, one of which was so much exasperated by fatigue. 
1850 Lyncu Theoph. Trinal v.83 If we do not heed the 
claim of the different appetites .. we exasperate them. 

+b. To make more grievous or painful; to 
aggravate. Also, to represent as worse; to ex- 
aggerate, magnify. Ods. 

1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Afoc. (1573) 36 He speaketh 
modestly, least by exasperating ouermuch the sinne and 
errour in the faythfull, he should discourage them vtterly. 
1591 SytvesTeR Dz Bartas 1. vi. (1605) 167 Why didst thou 
.. Create These harmefull Beasts, which but exasperate 
Our thorny life? 1646 Sir T. Browne Psenud. Ep. vu. xvii. 
376 Judas .. having sinned beyond aggravation, and com- 
mitted one villany which cannot bee exasperated by all 
other. 165r Relig. Wotton. 33 Not to exasperate the Case 
of my Lord of Southampton. 1681 Lond. Gaz. No. 1625/1 
They of Liege do every day more and more exasperate 
things. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 73” 5 This visionary 
opulence .. exasperated our necessities. 

8. To embitter, intensify (ill-feeling, passion, 
wickedness.) Now chiefly with mixed notion of 4. 
Also, in good sense: + To heighten (courage). 

1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. ii. 26b, That .. the 
vngodlines of Herode..might more and more be exasperated. 
1614 Rateicn Hist. World IL. ww. vii.§ 1. 248 The Roman 
Dictator. .to exasperate his souldiers courage, threw their 
owne ensignes amidst the enemies. 1677 Otway 7itus & 
Berenice i. i, Why come you thus, t’exasperate my De- 
spair? 1773 JoHNson in Boswel/ 1 May II. 107 The pride 
of a common man is very little exasperated by the supposed 
usurpation of an acknowledged superior. 1794 PaLey Lvid. 
u. ix. $ 3 (1817) 265 These feuds were exasperated by the 
mutual persecutions of the Jews and Christians. | 1855 
Prescott PAzlip 11, I. 1, vii. 490 His naturally wild and 
headstrong temper was exasperated by disease. 

4. To irritate (a person); to provoke to anger; 
to enrage, incense. Const. /0, also fo with znf. 

1534 More Let. Marg. Roper Wks. 1429/2, I should. . but 
further exasperate hys highnes. 1586 Jas. VI, in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. 1. 224 IIL, 19 If I shall persist in that course ye 
shall rather be exasperattet to passionis in reading the 
uordis. 1625 Suirtey Traitor iv. i, I did exasperate you 
to kill or murder him. 1768 Frankiin £ss. Wks, 1840 II, 
367 The poor are..exasperated against the rich, and ex- 
cited to insurrections. 1773 Gotpsm. Stoops to Cong. w. 
Wks. (Globe) 670/1 You know my hasty temper, and should 
not exasperateit. 1818 Scort Ht. Midi. iv, The burghers 

. were greatly exasperated at the unexpected respite. 
1819 SHELLEY Cenc? 11. ii. 37 Thus he is exasperated to ill. 
1867 Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims, Progr. Culture Wks. 
(Bohn) III, 236 In England..the game laws... exasperated 
the farmers to carry the Reform Bill. 

refi. Boorve, Brev, Healih, Pref. 2a, Exasperate not 
yourselfe agaynste me for makynge of this lytle volume 
of Phisycke. 1871 SmiLes Charac, vi. (1876) 175 We shall 
not mend matters by exasperating ourselves against them. 

absol. 1606 G. W[loopcockeE] tr. Yustin’s Hist. 100 a, 
Phillip exasperated what he could, to perswade the Etolians 
to ioyn warre with him. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. 
254 Not knowing whether such a deniall might satisfie or 
exasperate. 1645 Mitton Tetrach. Ded., Those who ceased 
not to exasperate without cause. 

b. transf. 

1654 R. Coprincton tr. Yustin’s Hist. 67 Injury on this 
side, and indignitie on the other side did exasperate their 
swords, 1865 Merivate Rom. Emp, VIII. Ixiii. 30 The 
stream .. foams in a furious torrent, exasperated by the 
rocky ledges which at some points intercept its course. 

+ 5. To irritate physically ; to render sore, 
chafe. 

1552 HuLoet, Exasperate, v/cero. 1610 MARKHAM Master/. 
u. clxxiii. 494 Though it [myrrh] doth cleanse much, yet it 
doth not exasperate the arteries. 1621 VENNER 7Zodacco 
(1650) 411 Not sucking it with a sudden or strong attrac- 
tion: for then it will exasperate the winde pipe. a 1682 
Sir T. Browne Tracts 105 The Mugil, being somewhat 
rough and hard-skinned, did more exasperate the gutts 
of such offenders. 

+ 6. zntr. a. Of persons: To become enraged or 
incensed. Cf. 4. b. Of things: To become worse 
or more serious. Cf. 2b. ce. Of a disease, etc.: 
To increase in violence or severity. Cf. 2. Ods. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 94 The more his 
external wounds healed, the more did his internall exaspe- 
rate and fret. c1645 Howett Let?t. (1650) II. u. 18 Not- 
withstanding..that matters began to exasperat more and 
more. .he would abate nn 1659 Heyuin Aximadv. in 
Fuller’s Appeal (1840) 339 The University of Oxford fre. 
quently quarrelled and exasperated, upon slight occasions. 
21734 Nortu Life Ld. Guildford 83 The Distemper 
exasperated, till it was manifest she could not last many 
Weeks, 

Exasperated (egza'spéreitéd), Ad/. a. [f. prec, 
+-ED1, 

1. In various senses of the vb. 

161r Cortcr., Agacé.. incensed, prouoked, exasperated. 
1660 Mitton Free Commw. 424 We remain finally secure 
from the exasperated Regal Power. 166r Lovett //ist. 
Anim, § Min. 35 Cows milk .. used as a gargarisme, helps 
the throat straightened by catarrhes, and the exasperated 
jawes. 1694 Puitups tr. Milton's Lett. State 29 July 16:5 
Such exasperated Cruelties inflicted upon the Professors of 
the same Religion with our selves. a@1714 Burnet Oven 
Time (1823) I. 67 That raised the spirits of those that were 
already but too much exasperated, 1756 Lapy M. W, 
Montacu Left. xcv. IV. 73 She eloped one fair morning .. 
leaving her two daughters .. to the care of the exasperated 
marquis. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 209, I saw that they 
were getting exasperated with one another. 


EXASPERATER. 


b. Her, (See quot.) 

1830 Rozson Brit, Her, Exasperated, depicted in a fa- 
By | ee 4 dual 

+2. ? Narrowed gradually to a point, tapered, 

1607 TorseLt rip (1653) 674 If it were not for these 
bunches. .it would be so P d or d toward 
the end like to the tail of a Rat or great Mouse. 

Hence Exa‘speratedly adv., + Exa’sperated- 
ness, Ods.—° = EXASPERATION 3. 

Daily News 26 Aug.,The others. .raged exasperated] 
against him in their clu 1886 Mus. Ee Moserty yarn 4 
aleria 11, v. 110 Lord Altcar laughed again, but exaspe- 
ratedly. 1730-6 Battery (folio), Exasperated: i d- 
ness, the being exasperated. 1775 Asn, Exasferatedness. 
jperater: see EXASPERATOR. 


Exa‘sperating, v//. sé. [f. EXAsPERATE v. + 
-Incl.] The action of the verb EXASPERATE. 


jon 


pg ray gp Scorr ~ Midi. iv, * He [was] kcal 
a point of trust in t of power .. but after Wi 
was cut down, it was a’ repschermanahents aubeenbene.” 

+ Exau'ctorate, v. Os. Forms: 6-7 ex- 
authorate, 7 exauterate, -orat(e, 7-8 exaucto- 
rate. [f. L. exauctorat- ppl. stem of exauctorare 
to dismiss from service, f. ex- (see Ex- pref!) + 
auctor AUTHOR.] 

1. “vans. ‘To dismiss from service’ (J.) ; to de- 
pose from office, deprive of authority or rank. 

1623-6 CockERAM, Exauthorate, to ee of warre out 
of wages. 1642 Jer. TayLor Efisc. ., The first Bishop 
that was exauctorated was. . Prince, and Bishop of Geneva. 
1660 — Duct. Dubit. 1. i. 264 God .. can punish and ex- 
authorate whom he please, and substitute others in their 
room. 1660 WatTerHousE Arms 4 Arm. 7 Admitting a 
Plebeian coordinateness which in time ex-auctorated the 


1611 Corcr., E-xasperation, an peration ; pr 


+ ,exasperating, vexing. pth 

Exasperating (cgza'spéreitin), Af/. a. [f. as 
prec. +-InG2.] That exasperates (in senses of vb.) ; 
exceedingly irritating or provoking. 

a1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 344 A sin 
of a very exasperating nature. 1674 Grew Anat. Plants, 
Lect. vi. 290 Jalap, Mercury, and Daisy, have all of them 
that exasperating Tast in the Throat. 1858 Froupr Hist. 
Eng. 11. xvii. 458 An evidence of unmistakeable goodwill 
in revealing an exasperating secret. 1876 Brack Madcap V. 
vii. 59 Do you know what an exasperating girl you are? 

Hence Exa‘speratingly adv., in an exasperating 
manner; provokingly. 

185r Dickens Le/?. (ed. 2) I. 262 Stone presents himself 
with a most exasperatingly sg Coen visage. 1884 JuL. 
WepGwoon in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 452 The most exaspera- 
tingly unreadable stuff ever met with, 

Exasperation (egzaspéréi'fan). [ad. L. ex- 
asperation-em, n. of action f. exasperdre: see Ex- 
ASPERATE ¥.] 

1. Of a disease, etc.: Increase of violence or 
malignity ; exacerbation ; an instance of this. 

1633 Wotton Let. in Relig. Wott. (1672) 457 Judging, as 
of Patients in Feavers, Ld the exasperation of the fits. 1671 
Satmon Syn. Med. u. xivi. 315 Shivering, and Exaspera- 
tion of the Feaver .. are not leg to be accounted evil. 
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Power Wks. (Bohn) II. 334 The 
ecstasies of devotion with the exasperations of debauchery. 
1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

2. The action of exasperating or provoking to 
anger; embittering ; intense provocation ; an in- 
stance of this. Also, a cause or means of exas- 
perating. 

@ 1631 Donne in Selections (1840) 38 Forbearing all .. ex- 
rr peer by odious names of subdivision. 1676 OwEN 
Worship of God 172 That he may take no occasion thereby 
for the exasperation of his own spirit. a@1731 ATTERBURY 
(J.), Their ill usage and exasperations of him. .disposed him 
to take liberty. 1861 Gro. Exiot S7las M, (1868) 26 He had 
made ties for himself which. .were a constant exasperation. 

3. The condition of being exasperated or intensely 
irritated ; exasperated feeling, violent passion or 
anger; an instance of this. 

1547 Boorpe /xtrod. Knowl. xxxii. (1870) 205 Saying .. 
that ..I wold set them by the fete .. aie other wordes I 
had to them of exasperacyon. 161a-§ Br. Hatt Contempi. 
O. T. xix. iv, Neither the furious purposes of Ahaziah, nor 
the exasperations of a Jezebel can hurt that prophet. 1672 
Owen Evang. Love 43 Divisions and Schisms, and mutual 
Exasperations among themselves. @1716 Soutu Serm. 
(1774) X. ix. 282 Perhaps. .it was a word extorted from him 
by the exasperation of his spirits. 1817 Benruam Parl. 
Ref. Catech. Introd. 56 Should the only remedy be refused 
{and] oppression continue .. then it is not quiet sense that 
will speak, but exasperation. 1858 Froupe Hist. Eng. IV. 
xviii. 13 The exasperation of the people with the English 
increased the cordiality with which he was received. 

+ 4. Exaggeration (in a bad sense); ‘malignant 
representation’ (J.).= AGGRAVATION 5. Obs. rare. 

1648 Eikon Bas. § 3. 12 An act which My enemies !oaded 
with all the obloquies and exasperations they could. 17§§ in 
Jounson ; whence 1818 in Topp. f 

915. Punningly, Misplaced ‘aspiration’. 

1854 ‘Cuts. Beve’ Verdant Green u. ix. 80 With a foot- 
man’s bow, and a footman’s exasperation of his h’s. 

Exasperative (egza'spéreitiv), a. [f. L. ex- 
asperat- ppl. stem of exasperdre (see EXASPERATE 
v.)+-IVE.] Of a nature to exasperate or irritate ; 
exasperating. 

x Moroes Fr. Rev. 1. vu. iv, Maternity ..meets there 
with hunger-stricken Maternity, sympathetic, exasperative. 

Exasperator, -er (egza'spéreltaz). [f, Exas- 
PERATE @, +-OR, -ER1.] One who exasperates. 

1632 SHerwoop, An exasperater, agaceur. 1788 Jounson, 
Exasperater, 1837 Carryte Fr. Kev. 1. v. v, Fat are your 
larders. .ye plotting exasperators of the Poor. ‘ 

Ex-a‘spirate, v. nonce-wd. trans. To deprive 
of an aspirate or /. 

1832 Blackw, Mag. XXXII. 509 Everybody knows her 
(Medusa’s] celebrated head of hair and that she herself was 
literally the first Wig. Hence the Whigs—for Medusa her- 
self was one, and head of that family ex-aspirated. 

Exaturate, -ed, -ation: see ExSaTuRATE, etc. 

+ Exau'ctorate, fa. pple. and ppl. a. Obs. 
In 7 exauctorat. [ad. L. exauctorat-us, pa. pple. 
of exauctorare: see next.] Deprived of office ; 
divested of authority. 

1680 Hickes Spir. Pofery 9 Saying, that Jesus Christ is 
quite exauctorat and unkinged by it. 1718 Wodrow Corr. 
(1843) II. 370 If we refuse to baptize in families, people will 
go to..the exauctorate Episcopal clergy, and leave our 


pref) + augur AUGUR. 


i. (1848) 

pose the Pr Richard 

1. 2726 Ayurre Parerg. 291 Arius ..and other 

Arch-Hereticks..were by the church treated with no other 

kind of Punishment than..by exauctorating and depriving 
them of their Degrees therein, 1731-1800 in Baitey. 

2. To deprive (a law, etc.) of authority; to 
yt the authority of. 

1593 Bitson Govt. Christ's Ch. 311 That men might see 
them [the new laws] before you exauthorate the olde. 1606 
J. Hyxp Eliosto Libid. 51 Vhe yron naturally cleaveth to 
the forcible Adamant, and nature can not be exauthorated. 
21648 Lp. Hersert Hen. V/// Ded. (1683) Aja, 1 hope 
they [defects] will not be so great or many, as to exaucto- 
rate the rest. 1679 S. Smitn in Howell State Triads (1816) 
VIL. 587 He [the pope] exautorats, and invalidates their [the 
Scriptures’] divine original, and superintendency. 

Hence Exau‘ctorated ///. a., Exau‘ctorating 
vb, sb. 

1622-62 Heyiyn Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 239 Conferred on them 
all the Lands and Possessions of the exauterated Templers. 
¢ 1661 Argyle’s Will in Harl. Misc. (1746) VIII. 28/1 An 
alms-house, for the entertaining of all antiquated, exau- 
thorated elders. 1682 Evetyn in Pepys’ Diary VI. 141 
Pharaoh’s exauctorated butler. 1785 Arnot Triads (1812) 
338 Letters of orders..granted by an exauctorated Bishop. 
1648 Petit. Eastern Assoc. 3 The exautorating, and well 
neare the adnulling of our Parliament. 1652 W. ScLaTer 
(Jun.) Civi? Mag. (1653) 15 Samsons, who would thus. .at- 
tempt the exauctorating of Civill Magistracy. 

a Exauctora-tion. Obs. Also 7 exaut[h]o- 
ration. [as if ad. L. *exauctoration-em, n. of action 
f. exauctorare: see prec. Cf. Fr. exauthoration 
(Cotgr.).] The action of ‘exauctorating’. 

1. Discharge from military service. 

a 1654 Br. J. Ricuarpson Observ. Old Test. 327 (T.) No dis- 
charge in that war.. no dismission from it, no vacation, or 
exauctoration. 1745 tr. Dupin's Eccl, Hist. 17th C.1, 11. ii. 

Degradation .. is founded on the Example of Military 
~xauctoration. 

2. a. Deprivation of office or authority; de- 
gradation. b. Abolition (of an office); annulling 
(of authority). 

1625 Donne Sern. 3 Apr. 17 Exautorations and Excom- 
munications amongst the Bishops. 1641 Heyiin Help to 
Hist, (1671) 156 On the exauctoration of Bishop Heath, 
it was assigned..to Master Hooper. 1651 Jer. Taytor 
Serm. for Year 1. xxi. 267 To protect and nourish those 
that will prove ministers of their [{kings’] own exauctoration. 
a 1656 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 308 Do not you think 
that those .. went somewhat too far..in the exauthoration 
of Episcopal office and dignity. 1726 Ayviirre Parerg. 206 
Deposition, Degradation, or Exauctoration .. is .. the re- 
moving of a Person from some Degree, Dignity, or Order 
inthe Church. 1822 Mrs. E. NatHan Langreath II. 271, 
I would have used my influence to have averted your ex- 
auctoration. [Said by a person fond of aeons language.] 
1834 Cotertpcr Lit. Rem. I11. 207 Little did Taylor forsee 
that to indiscreet avowals like these. .the exauctorations of 
the Bishops .. would be in no small portion attributable, 

+ Exau‘dible, 2. Ods. [ad. L. exaudibilis, f. 
exaudire, f, ex- (see Ex- pref.1) + audire to hear.] 
In senses of Latin: a. Able to be heard easily ; dis- 
tinctly audible. b. Hearing readily; giving ear 
to prayer. 

¢ 1430 tr. 7. a Kempis’ Imit, 1. xxiv, Now py labour is 
fruytful, bi weping or bi mornyng exaudible, 1485 
Caxton St. Wene/r. 4 Most debonayr fader graunte to vs 
thy sonnes mekely besechyng the benyngne & exaudyble. 

+Exaudi'tion. Ods. rare—'. [ad. late L. ex- 
audition-em, n. of action f. exaudire: see prec.] 
The action of hearing effectually ; hearkening. 

1617 Couns Def. Bf. Ely u. vi. 228 The word inuocation 
is sometime veryfied vpon them .. and so exaudition like- 


wise. p 

Exauwgural, a. rvare—'.  [f. Ex- +the and ele- 
ment of INAUGURAL in imitation of that word.] 
Of a discourse : Delivered at the close of a term 
of office. 

Eng. Hist. Rev. 11. 358 Drawing comparisons be- 
tween the author of the inaugural and the author of the 
exaugural address. 

+ 1" , v. Obs. [f. L. exaugurat- 
ppl. stem of exangurare to profane, f. ex- (see Ex- 
trans, &. To cancel the 
low, make profane. b. 


ie They sy W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog: xi. 
romwe! 


inauguration of ; to 
To augur evil to. 
1600 Hottanp Livy 1. lv.38 [Tarquin] determined toexaugu- 
rate and unhallow certain churches and chappels. 
Gavute Magastrom. 240° The presaging Arus) will ex- 
augurate me with all manner of ill luck. ‘ 
weit Def. Vind. Deprived Bishops 47 So far it was from 
giving him any Power over the High Priesthood itself. 


f all 
a F[REAKE] 4, ippe's Occ. Philos. 108 To 
Suigsane when the rod fell out of 
the hand of the Augure. 1730 in Baitey (folio). 1775in Asx. 
Exaumple, obs. form of EXAMPLE. 
+ Exau'n, Oés. vave—1. [Meant to represent the 


£. Exon.] 


Butter Hud. m1. ii, 600 This comes reaking 
casas And setting ay mt vg 

Exa var. f. Exoustastic, Ods. 

+ Exau tte, v. Obs.—° f[app. f. Ex- 
pref.' privative + AusPrcaTE. (L. had exauspicare 
to take an augury.)] (See quots.) 

1623-6 CockxEraM, E-xauspicate, to doea thing vnluckily. 
1656-81 in BLount Glossogr, 1775 in Asn. 

+ Exauspica‘tion. O/s.—° [f. prec. vb.: see 
.-ATION.] An unlucky beginning of a thing. 

1730-6 in Barey (folio). 1775 in Asn. 

Exauthorate, -ation, var. ff. Exavororate, 
-ATION, Obs. 


+ Exauthoriza‘tion. Os. [f. next: 
-ATION.] The action of depriving of authority. 

1640 Br. Hatt Efisc. 1. § 5. 18 To eject..the knowne in- 
struments of that Papall Tyrannie .. without whose perfect 
exauthorization they could conceive no hope of injoying the 
Gospel and themselves, 

+ Exau'thorize, v. Ods. In 6-toryse. [f. Ex- 
+ AUTHORIZE.] ‘rans, a. To depose from office. 
b. To deprive of authority ; = EXAUCTORATE v. 

1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u. (1550) 93 The kynge made an 
acte, that men of the church commyttynge offences notable, 
shulde be exautorysed or dysgraded by the b of the 
dyocese, 1612 SELDEN in Drayton Poly-olb. xvii. Notes 272 
Sometimes animating the subject by censorious exauthoriz- 
ing the Prince. 1 Wanswortu Sp. Pilgr. vi. 52 The 
lesui d ing by all possibl to exauthorize 
him vnder hand. 1632 in SHERWoop. 

+ Exburrse, v. Ods.—° [f. Ex- + Burse; cf. 
disburse.| trans. To disburse, or discharge. 

1847-78 in HALLIweELt. 

Excecate, -ation, var. ff. ExcEcaTR, -aTION. 

Excalcarate (cks)kalkare't), a. [f. Ex- pri- 
vative + L. calcar spur + -ATE2,] = ECALCARATE, 

1884 in Syd. Soc, Lex. 

+ Exca‘lceate, v. Obs. [f. L. excalceat- ppl. 
stem of excalcedre to take off the shoes, f. ex-+ 
calceus a shoe.] trans. To take off the shoes of. 

1623-6 CockeraM, E-xrcalceate, to put off ones shooes. 1751 
Cuampers Cyc. s.v. Excalceation, Am the Hebrews. .a 
widow, whom her husband’s brother refused to marry.. 
might excalceate him. .and spit in his face. 

Hence Excaleeated ///. a. 

in Baiey (folio). 1751 Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Ex- 
cakceation, The house of the person .. was, tl forward, 
called, the house of the excalceated. 1832 in WEBSTER. 

calcea‘tion. Oés. [as if ad. L. *excal- 
cedtion-em, n. of action f. excalcedre: see prec.) 
The action of taking or putting off the shoe, or 
shoes ; sfec. among the Hebrews, the taking off of 
a shoe by a widow, from her husband’s next of 
kin, upon his refusal to marry her. ee 

1751 in Cuampers Cycl. 1819 in Pantologia. isure 
Poo 155 Excalceation—that is the putting ‘atthe shoes as 
a mark of worship or token of respect. 

+ Excalfa‘ction. Olds. rave. Also 7-8 ex- 
calefaction. [ad. L. excalfaction-em, n. of action 
f. excalfacére to warm, heat, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) 
+ calefacere to heat.] The action or fact of warm- 
ing; calefaction. ; 
a. Doses eer, Beasts (1673) ly it fs mat 

lacki rigeration, or to a wan! excal- 
faction. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Erxcalfaction. 1721-1800 
Bawey, E.xcalefaction. 1730-6 — (folio), E-xcalfaction. 

So + Excalfa‘ctive a., tending to warm; warm- 
ing. + Bxcalfa‘ctory a. Also 8 excalef-.=prec. 

1x Corcr., Excalfactif, excalfactiue ; aenelng, Seeee, 


pronunciation (ggzan) of Fr. exempt. 


[Greeks] hath a speciall ex: 
(folio), Excalfactory. 1775 

Excalibur (ekskzeliboz). Also 5 escaliboure, 
excalaber, excalybur, escalibour, 9 exca- 
libar, -our. [a, OF. Zsca/ibor (with many variant 
spellings), corrupt form of CaLrBuRN, in Geoffrey 
of Monmouth (¢ 1140) Caliburnus. 

binogion is 


on Te ek engi Sea 
resemblance, 

Ca . , the name of a famous sword in Irish legend. 
‘The Welsh and Irish forms do not jonetically 


the one or the other has probably undergone corru; 

Prof. Rhys, taking the Irish form as the correct one, sug- 
ests the translation ‘hard-belly’, ¢.¢. ‘voracious,’ and 

thinks the Welsh form may have come from Breton.) 

The name of King Arthur’s sword, 

[c1300 Merlin (Huth MS.) ror ¢, Saicies. que l'espee est 
apielee par son droit non E: bor.) a1450 Le Morte 
th. 3448 Excalaber, my swerd ae Merlin vii. 
118 The right name [of the sword] was cl Escalibourc, 


EXCAMB. 


whiche is a name in ebrewe, that is to sey in englissh, kyt- 
tynge, Iren, tymber, and steill. 1470-85 Matory Arthur 
v. viii, Kyng Arthur .. smote hym ageyne with Excalibur 
that it clefte his hede. 1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum, 
i. i, You talk of Morglay, Excalibur, Durindana. 1825 
Scorr Zadlisuz, xxvii, No sword on earth, were it the Ex- 
calibar of King Arthur, can cut that which opposes no 
steady resistance to the blow. 1842 Tennyson Morte 
d Arth, 103 King Arthur’s sword, Excalibur, Wrought by 
the lonely maiden of the Lake. 

Excamb (ekskeemb), v. Sc. Zaw. [ad. med. 
L. excambidre: see EXCHANGE v.] trans. To 
exchange (land). Also adsol. 

1629 Charter Chas. 7. in Stair /nstit. u. xiv. §1 The 
present Proprietar of the Lands Excambed. 1770 Act 10 
Geo. /1T, c.§1 § 32 It shall and may be lawful for proprietors 
of entailed estates to excamb or make exchanges of land. 
1847-8 Act 11-12 Vict. c. 36 § 5 It shall be lawful for any 
heir of entail. .in possession. .to excamb such estate, in whole 
or in t. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 783 The power to 
excamb was gradually conferred on entailed proprietors. 

Hence Exca’mbed ///. a. Excamber [ + -ER!], 
one who excambs, a party to excambion. 

1836 Act 6-7 Will. IV, c. 42 § 4 marg., Tenure of ex- 
cambed lands. 1629 Charter Chas. I. in Stair /ustit. 1. xiv. 
§ 1 The Excamber and his Heirs should have Regress. 1861 
W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Excambion, This right to 
recur to the original property in case of eviction, is compe- 
tent to the original excamber and his heirs. 

Exca'mbie, v. Sc. [var. of Excams.] 

1808-80 in JAMIESON. 

Excambion (ekskz'mbign). Sc. Zaw. [ad. 
med.L. *excambion-em (=excambium), f. excambt- 
dre: see EXCAMB.] Exchange or barter, sfec. of land. 

[1540 Se. Acts Fas. V. 25 Feb. (1814) 11. 366 And counsalis 
pe kingis grace .. to geif for his gracis part of be said ex- 
cambium als mekle land..as, etc.] 1572 Sempill Ball. 147 
Sic vane excambion can I not considder As marrow tratours 
and the trew togidder. a@1639 Spottiswoop //ist. Ch. 
Scot. (1655) 100 He gave in excambion the lands of Cambo 
in the same parish. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 
143 The grant, by which the lands are exchanged, is ex- 
pressly said to be an excambion. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law 
Scot. s.v., The land which he has received in excambion. 


+ Excambi'tion. Sc. Zaw. Obs. [ad. med. 
L. excambition-em, n. of action f. excambire, f. ex- 
out + cambire to exchange: cf. CHANGE v.] = Ex- 
CAMBION. Const. wth. 

1586 Contract at Kirkcudbright 15 Dec., The said Thomas 
..dispones to the said Roger Kirkpatrick .. in excambition 
with the said Rogers part of the landis of Auchenflor foir- 
said, all and haile the said Thomas tenements, landis, an- 
nualls and pertinents underwrytten. 

Excandescence (eksk&nde'séns). [ad. L. 
excandéscentia, recorded in fig. sense, nascent 
anger, passionateness, f. excandésc-cre to grow 
white-hot, kindle, glow, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.l) + 
candéscére, inceptive of candére to be white, shine: 
see -ENCE.] Heat, the state of growing hot. 

a. The action of bursting into a glow ; the con- 
dition of giving out a glowing heat; a heated 
condition. +b. A state of violent anger; passion. 

a. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vit. 306 The excan- 
descence of the animal spirits, and the effervescence of the 
bloud..must be quieted. 1775 in AsH. 1832 in WEBSTER. 
1867 T. H. Dyer Pompeii xi. 45 Not in that state of excan- 
descence in which they would have set fire to any thing. 

b. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), Excandescence, great heat or 
wrath, 1775 in Asu, etc. 

+Excande'scency. Ovs. [f. as prec.: see 
-ENCY.] a. The quality or state of growing hot ; 
an instance of the same, b. Anger, passion. 

1604 T. Wricut Passions 1, vi. 26 In passions .. I could 
adde welnie eleven more; as, mercy. .excandescencie, envy, 
etc. 1683 SALMon Doron Med. 1. 159 Causing a Distrac- 
tion and Excandescency. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit, 
vut. 306 A Hypercatharsis .. drives the animal spirits into 
excandescencies, not easily appeased. 1721-1800 in BAILEy. 
1822 Mrs. E. Natuan Langreath Il. 271 It raises my ex- 
candescency to listen to her. [Said by a lady who uses 

bsurdly pedantic lang 

Excande'scent, @. [ad. L. excandéscent-em, 
f. excandéscére to grow hot: see EXCANDESCENCE.] 
White-hot, glowing hot. 

1832 in Wesster ; and in mod. Dicts. 

+Exca’ndidate, @. Ods. rave—'. [ad. late 
L. excandidat- ppl. stem of excandida-re to whiten, 
f. ex- (see Ex- v1) + candid-us white: see 
Canpip, CANDIDATE.] Whitened, made white. 

1560 RotLanp Crt, Venus . 392 Quhilk Montane [Cau- 
casus] is. .all excandidate With snawis fell. 

+ Excanta‘tion (ekské&ntéfon). Ods. rare. 
[ad. L. *excantation-em, n. of action f. excantare 


to bring out by enchantment, f. ex- out + cantare 
to sing.] The action of removing (anything) by 
enchantment. 


Jounson 1755 explains the word as ‘disenchantment by a 
counterc! , which may perh. be the sense in quot. 1580. 

1580 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 349 Which imagine that the 
mynde is eyther by incantation or excantation to bee ruled. 
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes tv. xxiii. 277 The Don. .inchanted 
in his Cage, out of which there was no possibility of getting, 
but by the power of a higher excantation. 1863 W. w. 
Story Roba di R. 1. 271 This excantation of fruits was hot 
the same as incantation. 

Excarnate (ekska:inét), a. [ad. late L. ex- 
carnat-us, f£. excarndre: see next.) Divested of 
flesh, or of a human body: opp. to zxcarnate. 

Vou. III. 


369 


1858 Sears Athan, mt. i. 255 The Divine Word .. again 
becoming excarnate, and ascending to a reunion with God. 

+ Exca‘rnate, v. Ods. [f. late L. excarndat- 
ppl. stem of excarnare to deprive of flesh, f. ex- 
out + carn-em flesh.] 

1. ¢rans. To strip off or remove the flesh or 
fleshy parts of. 

1648 Perry Advice to Hartlib 14 The Mate [of the Chy- 
rurgeon]) shall .. excarnate bowels, artificially dry the 
Muscles, &c. 1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 975 The lateral 
Fins of it being excarnated, are like the whole Arm. 1709 
Brarr ibid. XXVII. 57 The time..was taken up in excar- 
nating, boyling, and taking care of the Bones. 1755 in 
Jounson ; whence in mod. Dicts. 

b. with reference to plants. 

1664 EveLyn Sylva (1776) 189 If you sow them [Black 
Cherry stones] in beds immediately after they are excar- 
nated. 1671 Grew Axat. Plants 1. i. § 25 This Seminal 
Root .. cannot be perfectly excarnated .. by the most accu- 
rate Hand. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Service. 

2. intr. To lose flesh, grow lean. 

1740 Dycur & Parpon Dict. (ed. 3), Excarnate, to grow 
lean naturally. 

Hence Excarnated ///. a., Excarnating v/. sd. 

1730-6 Baicey (folio), Z.xcarnated, become lean, nothing 
but skin and bone. 1709 Biarrin Phil. Trans. XXVII. 
94.A Butcher .. assisted at the Excarnating of the Bones. 

‘Excarnation (ekskainét'fon), [n. of action 
f. prec.: see -ATION.] 

1. (See quot.) 

1847 Craic, Excarnation, in Anatomy, a method by which 
the blood-vessels are isolated after injection from the parts 
among which they are inserted. The agents are putrefac- 
tion or immersion in an acid. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lev. 

2. a. Separation (of the soul) from the body at 
death. b. Emergence from corporeal form and 
conditions : opposed to zcarnation. 

1858 Sears A thax, 11. xi. 240 His [Christ’s] resurrection is 
none other than hisexcarnation, or his emergence out of all 
natural conditions. /dzd. xii. 251 That excarnation of man 
which..makes him eternally the denizen of a spiritual world. 

+ Excarnificate (ekskaimi‘fikeit), v.  Ods. 
Also fa. pple. © excarnificat. [f. L. excarnificat- 
ppl. stem of excarnifica-re to tear to pieces, f. ex- 
intensive + carnificare to cut in pieces, f. carnifex 
executioner: see CARNIFEX.] ¢rans. a. To tor- 
ment, torture, rack. b. To do the office of an 
executioner upon. 

1563-87 Foxe A. & M7. (1596) 89/2 Benjamin the deacon.. 
was most miserable excarnificat, having twentie sharpe pricks 
of reeds thrust under his nails. 16x Coryat Crudities 37 
I did euen excarnificate his [my horse’s] sides with my often 
spurring. 1623-6 Cockeram Excarnificate, to hang one. 
1664 H. More Myst. [nig. xiii. 167 The racking and excar- 
nificating their bodies. 1721-1800 BaiLey E.xcarnificate, 
to Butcher, to quarter, or cut one to pieces. 

Hence Exca:rnifica‘tion [see -aTron], the action 
of excarnificating or taking away the flesh. 

1730-6 in Batvey (folio). 1755 in JoHNson; whence in 
mod. Dicts. 

+ Exca‘rnous, @. Obs. rare). [f. Ex- priv. 
+ L.carn-em (nom.caro) flesh + -ous; cf. CARNOUS. ] 
Without flesh, fleshless. 

1686 A. Snare Anat. Horse u1. ix. 89 He affirms them to 
be excarnous or without flesh. 

Ex cathedra: see CATHEDRA 2. 

Excathedral (ekskap7-dral), a. rare. [f. the 
L. phrase ex cathedra (see CATHEDRA) + -AL.] Of- 
ficial, authoritative. 

1880 A. Mitcuett Past in Present vi. 143, I say this.. 
with a proper amount of ex-cathedral confidence. 

Hence Excathe-dralishly adv.,in an official 
manner, as if with authority. 

1831 Blackw. Mag. XXX. 123 Before we can understand 
any thing of Homer, it has been said ex-cathedralishly, 
that we must study the manners of the heroic ages. 

+ Exca’thedrate, v. Ods. rare. [f. the L. 
phrase ex cathedra (see CATHEDRA) + -ATE5.] 
trans, a. To condemn authoritatively or ex cathe- 
dra. b. To remove from the cathedra; to depose. 

1644 Br. MAxwe.. Prerog. Chr. Kings xiv. 135 Ergo in 
case of male-administration by the Pope..why not excathe- 
drate him too? 1648 Herrick Hesper, To Bp. of Exeter, 
If I can Stand before you..And never shew .. feare To see 
my lines excathedrated here. 

Excavate (e‘kskiveit), A/. a. [ad. L. excavat- 
us, f. excavadre: see next.] _Hollowed out. 

1571 DiccEes Pantom. 1. xvii. Eiij, Water .. contained in 
these Welles, or in any other Regular excauate body. /did. 
mt, iv. Q ij b, Howe excauate or holowe tymber. .is measured. 
1848 DANA Zoofh. 200 Cells excavate, many-rayed. 

Excavate (ekskaveit), v. [f. L. excavat- ppl. 
stem of excavare to hollow out, f. ex- out + cavare, 
f. cavus hollow: see Cave.] 

1. trans. To make hollow by removing the in- 
side ; to make a hollow in, to hollow out; to dig 
out (soil) leaving a hollow. Also, Zo excavate 
(something) zo: to form into by hollowing. 

Now chiefly with reference to the removal of earth by 
digging ; the wider use tends to be felt as transf. from this. 

A. M, tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 95/2 Take a 
sweete and fragrant Apple, excavate the same. 1664 EveLyN 
Kal. Hort. (172 ) 189 Reserve it [Dung] for Use in some 
hard-bottom’d shady Place, a little excavated, 1713 Der- 
nam Phys.-Theol. (J.), Flat theca, some like hats, some 
like buttons, excavated in the middle. 1837 Wuittock Bk. 
Trades (1842) 197 (Engineer) So much per cubic yard accord- 


EXCAVE, 


ing to the nature of the soil to be excavated. 1853 Puitiirs 
Rivers Yorksh, viii. 202 The ground is excavated in a cir- 
cular shape, so as to make a pit. 1866 Dickens Repr. 
Pieces 117 ‘The foot of the cliff is excavated into a cavern, 
1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 45 Viola tricolor. .stigma capitate, 
excavated. Heartsease or Pansy. 

2. To form or make (a hole, channel, etc.) by 
hollowing out. 

1839 G. Birp Nat. Phil. 233 If a cavity be excavated at 
this point. 1850 LyeLt 2nd Visit U. S. II. 329 One of 
them began to excavate a hole, and soon entirely disap- 
peared under ground. 1873 Mivart Elem. Anat. ii. 50 
‘The canal. .excavated inside the neural arches, 

3. To uncover or lay bare by digging; to un- 
earth. Also fig. 

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 381/1 About a fourth part of the 
city [Pompeii] along the western side of the walls has been 
excavated. 1844 Alem. Babylonian P’cess 11. 61 In exca- 
vating the tomb, a slab has been left about two feet six 
inches high. 1864 Burton Scot Aér. II. i. 89 A Scotsman 
- excavated by the labours of the indefatigable Dr, M«Crie. 

4. To get out by digging. 

1848 W. H. Bartiett Legyft to Pal. x. (1879) 220 It seems 
to beas yet an unproved opinion that copper was found and 
excavated in this place. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x\. 
(1856) 363 Pulpaceous material which he had excavated 
from the ice. 

Ilence E-xcavated ff/. a.; E-xcavating 77/. 50. 
(also attr7b.) 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physiche 111/2 An exca- 
vatede peece of woode. 1664 EveLyn Acc. Archit. 130 
Striges .. are those excavated Channells by our Workmen 
call’d Flutings and Groeves. 1691 ‘I. [HALE] Acc. New 
Invent, 124 We come to hollowing or excavating of our 
Logg. 41712 Birackmore Creation v. 740 Deep Cates .. 
Which .. wrought with endless ‘Toil, Ran thro’ the faithless 
excavated Soil. 1847 Disraett 7ancred v1. iii, This opened 
into a covered and excavated way. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. 
Psychol, (1870) 1. v. ii. 516 Vhe .. excavating power of the 
current, 

Excavation (ekskavél-fon). [(?a. F. excava- 
tion) ad. L.excavation-em, n. of action f. excavare : 
see Excavate.] The action of excavating. 

1. The action or process of digging out a hollow 
or hollows in (the earth, etc.) ; an instance of the 


same ; the result or extent of the process. 

16rx in Cotcr. s.v. Excavation. 1623-6 in CockrERAM. 
1677 Hate Prin. Orig. Man... ii. 299 This excavation of 
the Terrestrial Body, or elevation of other parts thereof 
whereby the water subsided. 1751 CHAMBERS Cyci. s.v., 
‘The excavation of the foundations of a building. .is settled, 
by Palladio, at a sixth part of the height of the whole build- 
ing. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 89 The utter separation of 
both continents was most probably the effect of excavations 
by volcanoes. 1863 LyELL Antig. Man 35 All the remains 
of organic bodies found during the excavations belonged 
to living species. 1878 HuxLey Physiogr. 134 The amount 
of excavation which can be wrought..by means of running 
water, 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1. 38/2 Digging out the 
hollows for cellars, &c...is called the excavation. 

2. concr. An excavated space ; a cavity or hollow. 

1779-81 Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 45 Pope’s excava- 
tion was requisite as an entrance to his garden. 1783 P///. 
Trans. UXXII. 145 All spots .. which consist of a dark 
nucleus, and surrounding umbra, are excavations in the 
luminous matter of the sun. 1848 W. H. Barttett Lgy/t 
to Pal. xxiv. (1879) 489 The wine-press was an oblong ex- 
cavation in the rock. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. App. (1856) 
550 All great peninsulas. .have an excavation or bend inward 
on their westward side. J 

3. The process of laying bare by excavating; an 


unearthing ; in quot. fig. 

1864 Burton Scot Aér. II. i. 73 The excavation of state 
papers has thrown [light] on the vast designs of, etc. 

Excavator (ekskavettez). [f. ExcavaTe v. + 
-or; cf. F. excavateur.] 

1. One who excavates: a. ger. (Const. of). b. 
spec. A labourer employed to dig out earth. 

1815 [Topp refers to an advertisement of Jan. 2]. 1837 
Wurrtock Bk. Trades (1842) 197 (Engineer) To the ‘exca- 
vators’, as they are called, the digging is let. 1848 Dickens 
Dombey vi, So the Excavator’s House of Call had sprung up 
from a beer shop. 1880 Echo 18 Sept. 3/4 A number of ex- 
cavators were engaged upon the foundations for a block of 
model dwellings. 1882 Century XXV, 303 A more thorough 
and comprehensive sifting of the Assos ruins by the same 
able excavator. | ! 

e. Said of inanimate agents. 

1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Farming Wks. (Bohn) III. 59 
The railroad dirt-cars are good excavators. 1870 Echo 
1o Jan., Such is the testimony of Mr. Peach to the power 
of ocean as an excavator. oes 

2. spec. a. A machine for digging out earth, etc. 
b. An instrument for removing the carious parts 
in a tooth previous to filling. 

1864 in Wesster. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1.814/1 The 
excavator is mounted on a carriage which traverses on a 
temporary track. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dental Excavator. 

Hence Excavatorial (ekskzevatderial), @., per- 
taining to excavation, or to the work of the ex- 
cavator. Excavatory (eks,ke-vatori), a. = prec. 

1849 Freeman Archit. 80 Egyptian and Indian architec- 
ture are two separate products of the excavatory process. 
31855 Fraser's Mag. LI. 271 A long list of brilliant excava- 
torial successes. 1887 Ruskin Pretevita II. x. 358, 1 got 
no outlet .. for my excavatory fancy. 

Excave (ekskzi'v), v. rave. [ad. L. excavare: 
see ExcavaTE. Cf. F. excaver.] ta. trans. To 
scoop or hollow out (ods.). b. adsol. To carry 
on excavations (vare.) 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 2 Some bones are — but 


EXCECATE. 


notably excaued, as of the fingers. 1623-6 in CocKERAm. 
1884 7vans. Victoria Inst. 243 In some of which sites we 
have been allowed to excave. 

Exceade, obs. form of Excrep. 


+ Exce‘cate, fa. pple. and pfl.a. Obs. [ad.L. 
excecat-us blinded: see next.) Blinded, deprived 
of sight (in ee a : 

Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531 Yf the iewes 
at sihey soi be excecate blynded, Ve ened the 
true fayth, 1 mer ) nm our 
minds pity 2 re ig poet lige ~ PAYNEL 
Barclay's Fugurth Bj, Man .. is excecate by ambicion and 
desyre of lordship. 

+ Exce‘cate, v. O%s. Also 6 execate, 7 ex- 
cecate. [f. L. excecat- ppl. stem of excecare to 
make blind, f. ex- (see Ex- pref!) + cwe-us blind.] 
trans. To make blind, to blind. /¢. and fig. 


?xgq40 in Hall Chron. (1548) 246 a, That the le of Scot- 
lane: . is vtterly execated and blinded. 6x, C. Table 
Alph. (ed. 3), Excecate, to make blinde. 1665 G. Havers 


P. della Valle's Trav. E. India 29 He caus'd his eyes to be 
sew’'d up..to the end to deprive him of sight without excce- 
cating him. 1721-1800 Battey, Z-xcecate. 

Hence Exce'cated Afi. a. 

1550 Bate Afol. 19 To make Sathan apere the Aungell of 
lyghte to the excecated worlde. 

Excecation (eks/ké!-fan) Ods. or arch. Also 
6-7 exccec-,7-gexceecation. [f. prec.: see-ATION.] 

1. The action of putting out the eyes; punish- 
ment by blinding ; also, an instance of the same; 
the state or fact of being blinded. 

1613 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. 161 He committed these 
barbarous examples of cruelty by excacations and_miser- 
able dismembering the people. 1 Gate Crt. Gentiles 
III. 95 God.. punished Elymas, the Sorcerer, with cor- 
poral Excecation, 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 1827 Sir H. Tayior 
1. Comnenus 1. v, Death, Not excaecation, if the thought 
of that Calls up these looks of horror. - 

+ 2. fig. The action of blinding mentally or spi- 
ritually ; the condition of being mentally blinded. 

1529 Fritu A ntithests (1829) 317 This excoecation .. God 
hath sent into the world for sin. 1588 ALLEN Adon. 26 
The state of kinge Pharao his obduration and excecation in 
wilfull wickedness. 1622 H. SypenHam Serm. Facob & Esau 
(1626) 30 God doth concurre to the excawcation and harden- 
ing both of the minde and heart. 1640 Br. ReyNoips Pas- 
sions viii. 65 This Deceit and Excecation is a proper worke 
of Passion. 

Exced(e, obs. form of Excrep. 

Excedandlye, obs. Sc. form of EXCEEDINGLY. 

+ Exce'dent. Os. rare. [ad. L. excédent-em, 
pr. pple. of excédére: see EXCEED.] a. adj. used 
absol. That which exceeds. b. sd. [after Fr. e.v- 
cédant] The portion or quantity in excess ; excess. 

1655-60 StanLey Hist. Philos. II. 1. 99 The first excesse 
and defect isin two, in the excedent and the deficient. 1811 
J. Brack tr. Humboldt’s Polit. Ess. 1. 108 The popula- 
tion would double in .. two hundred and fourteen years, if 
no war..were to diminish the annual excedent of the births, 

Exceed (eksid), v. Also 4-6 excede, 6 ex- 
ceade, -ced, 6-7 exceede. [ME. exceden, ad. F. 
excéder, ad. L. excéd-cre to go out, exceed, etc., f. 
ex- out + cédére to go. 

The trans. use, somewhat rare in Latin, is the only one 
preserved in the Romanic langs. In Eng. the intr. sense: 
appear to be developed from the transitive.] : 

+1. trans. To pass out of (boundaries, etc.) ; to 
transcend the limits of; to proceed beyond (a 
specified point), Also, rarely, to project beyond. 
Obs. or arch. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. v. 169 Wit and ymaginacioun 
ne mowen nat strecchen .. hem self to knowynge of vniuer- 
salite for pat be knowyng of hem ne may exceden .. pe 


mere figure. 1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowle 1v. xxiii. (1483) 69 
That fyre. .excedeth nought thyne owne subtyle persone ne 
in dedely bodyes this fyre hath no power. _1 STANLEY 


Hist. Chald. Philos. (1701) 1/1 But the Philosophy of the 
Chaldzans, exceeded the Bounds of their Country, and dif- 
fused it self into Persia. 1700 Pennsylv. Archives 1. 135, I 
am to Complain of one Capt. Barford, who has exceeded all 
bounds. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 155 Un- 
cover the Clod, and trim the straggling Roots that exceed 
it. /éid. 207 Bury them..so that they may a little exceed 
the Surface of the Wall on both Sides. 1774 J. Bryant 
Mythol. 1. p. xii, The Egyptian accounts ex not onl 

the times of the Deluge, but the zra of the world. 1788 T. 
Jerrerson Writ, (1859) II. 370, I..shall pursue the course 
of the Rhine as far as the roads will permit me, not exceed- 


ing Strasburg. 1862 G. C, Lewis Astron. Ancients 111 
note, Cleomedes lays it down that the planets never exceed 
the zodiac. 


+b. To trans (a law). Obs. 

1393 Gower Couriil. 284 Lust of love excedeth lawe. 
1794 5. Witttams Vermont 360 Laws respecting their in- 
crease.. which cannot be exceeded, 

e. To go beyond, do more than is warranted 
by (a privilege, right, commission, etc.). 

1542 Hen. VIII Declar, Scots 195 Liberty was to 
the amb dours to de their ¢ issi Saks. 
Ant. & CZ. ut. viii. 4 Do not exceede The Prescript of this 
Scroule. 1883 Law Rep, Q. Bench XI. 595 The defendant 
by uttering the words complained of ex ed his privilege 
as an advocate, 1891 /bid. Wily. Notes 72/2 The ockiranans 
had exceeded their jurisdiction in awarding that the ap- 
plicant should pay the costs. 

2. mane greater than. Const. dy. 

e1391 CHaucer Aséro/, 1. § 23 Rikne how manye degrees 
that the first alti tot Raneah be de altirad 
¢1460 Fortescue Ads, & Lim. Mon. (1714) 47 He may 
esteme what sume thay (charges) be not like to excede. 


en oe hn, 


370 
Decree Star Chamb. in Milton A reop. (Arb.) 
wa, that ovakron the number of fouses 1799 
Butter Serm. uaz4 43.35 She enenhmed Geegnee- 


far exceed the satisfac. 


it. 797 Bewicx Brit. Birds (1847) 1. ‘The 
a 


an ght ds the le. 1848 Macautay 
Hist. Eng. 1. 420 Boys and girls .. created wealth exceed- 
ing what was necessary for their own subsistence by twelve 
thousand pounds 


pounds a year. 
b. To be too great for; to surpass, overtask. 

1596 SreNnsER /’, Q. v1. iii. 51 Such chaunces oft exceed all 
humaine thought. 1635 N. R. tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. 1.2 
Such grief..as did exceede all consolation. 1735 Pore 
Prol. Sat. p To be grave, exceeds all Pow’r of face. 1765 
Br. Law Theory theres 1. (ed. 5) 11 note, Perhaps it exceeds 
the power of human understanding to decide where mechan- 
ism 

3. To surpass, outdo; to be superior to. Now 
chiefly const. iz; formerly for, rs = 

¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. ix. 779 A Dochter. .Dat excedyt of 
Bewte All pe Ladys of pat Cuntre. cx Lancelot 1173 


| Oknycht ..Whois manhed can al otheris to exced. 1 


Even Treat, New Ind. (Arb.) 22 They exceade all other 
men in bignesse of bodie. 164: Witkins Math. Magick 
1. ix, (1648) 60 This latter engine does so far exceed all other 


| contrivances to this purpose. 1653 WALTON Angler i. 20 In 


| ously to excede in all fury and woodnes. 


| gressions that they have exceeded. 


that Psalm. .the Prophet David seems even to exceed him- 
self. 1735 Pore Zp. Lady 170 She..Observes how much a 
Chintz exceeds Mohair. a1845 Hoop Stag-eyed Lady i, 
There was one [act] in pity might exceed The sack of Troy. 
1850 ‘Tennyson /2 Ment. |x, Some poor girl whose heart is 
set On one whose rank exceeds her own. 

+4. intr. To pass the bounds of propriety ; to 
go too far; to break out. Ods. 

c 1470 Henry Wadlace 11. 293 Thow excedis to that knycht 
Fer mayr be treuth than it is ony rycht. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 303 b, The tyrauntes began more outragy- 
1611 Biste Fob 
xxxvi. 9 Then he sheweth them their work, and their trans- 
1647 Warp Simp. 
Cobler 48 His Subjects will exceed. .in some vitious Liberty, 
to abate their griefe. 1758 S. Haywarp Serm. xvii. 543 
You cannot possibly exceed in your love to him. 

b. To pass the limits of truth; to exaggerate. 

1717 Berkecey Tour /taly 21 May Wks. IV. 543 Said to 
contain about 4000 souls. They seem to exceed in the num- 
bers of this town. 1815 J. W. Croker in C. Papers (1884) 1. 
iii. 71, I believe I exceed when I say there were 200 persons 
assembled. 

5. To be preéminent, whether in a good or bad 
sense ; to bear the palm; to be greater or better 
than, surpass others; to preponderate. + Zo 
exceed above : =sense 3. 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 56 Aboue alle thyng that 
may be conceyued of any mannys mynde, hyt excedeth of 
cruelnes and dedly tormenting. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 
x1. iv, Phebus above all sterres in lyght..Dothe exceede. 
1593 SHaks. Lucr. 229 The guilt being great, the fear doth 
still exceed. 1599 — Much Ado mu. iv. 17 Marg. 1 saw the 
Dutchesse of Millaines gowne. Her. O that exceedes they 
say. 165r Hospes Leviath. 1. xi. 48 An Emulation of who 
shall exceed in benefiting. 1654 AsmmoLe Chym. Collect. 
21 One of the Contraries exceeding destroies the rest. 
1674 DrypENn State of /nnocence vy. i, Justice must punish 
the rebellious deed; Yet punish so, as pity shall exceed. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 76 Men always choose the life 
which exceeds in pleasure. 

b. To abound, teem with. 

1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia u. 23 The river exceedeth with 
abundance of fish. 

6. Chiefly in Cambridge use: To have more 
than usual at a meal; to have extra or holiday 
fare. Cf. Excreping 2a. Also of the ‘com- 
mons’ (food) : To be in extra quantity. 

c1ggo Greene Fr. Bacon ix. (2630) 39 This day shall be a 
festiuall day with me: For I shall exceed in the highest 
degree. a@1616 Beaum. & Fi. Wit at sev. Weapons 1. ii, 
Sir, these fellows may pray for you; you have made the 
scholar’s commons exceed to-day. Meape in Ellis 
Orig. Lett. 1. 328 III. 231 Dr. Pask made his colledge exceed 
that night. 

"| 7. To issue, proceed. Obs. rare—'. 

1607 TopsELL ig st (1608) 817 All the hinderance and 
let [to breeding] is found to exceed of cold. 


Exceedable (eksi-dab’l), a. [f. prec. +-aBLE.] 
That may be exceeded. 
Todd's es copied into 


mod, Dicts., is due to a 
ig rT. sur ble in Sherwood. 

161r CotTcr., Surmontadble .. surpassable, exceedable. 
Hence 1632 in SHerwoop. 1819 Topp, £-xceedadle, That 
may surmount or excel [with reference to SHerwoop). 
Hence in mod. Dicts. 


Exceeder (cksi-do1). 
One who exceeds. 

1625 Br. Mountacu AJA. Caesar xxxvi. 317 That abuse doth 
not te the ission; not in the Exceeders and 
Transgressors, much lesse in them that exceed not. 1669 
Coxatne Poents 124 Rich in those vertues..A fair exceeder 
of the best examples, 1847 in Craic ; and in mod, Dicts. 


(eks? din), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. + 


[f. as prec, + -ER1.] 


-InG 1,] 

1. a. The action of the verb Excren, in various 
senses. +b. An instance of the same; an unusual 
action, a performance in excess of what is requi- 
site (ods.). +e. The quality of surpassing others ; 
superiority, excellence (ods.). 

Fi mabe nn Chron, Eng. . (1520) 13/2 Salamon .. of the 
e of our lorde hadde a § a excedynge above all 


men. 1593 Zel/-Troth’s N. Y. Gift_29 No more will..a 


frend crosse her louing ¢xceedinges, in whome his hart de- 


- long shall I live, ere I be so happy To have a 


EXCEEDINGLY. 
lighteth. F Clavis Myst. viii. 102 Our 
apy <n geeig s trigmo 
(1851) 91 But these exceedi Id be both rare and mode- 
rate. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 21 P 2 There has a great 
of late Years in the second Division. 
2. concr. a. pl. In college lan (still used 


at Cambridge) ; Extra commons allowed on fes- 
tival occasions. Also ¢vansf. Cf. Excgep 6. [So 
L. excedentia in Oxf. Accts. ¢ neco.) 
Massincer Picture v. i, They. .hold chi ings.. 
For festival exceedings. Gurnatt Chr. in Arm. 1. 
His joys.. are as ex ings, with which he feasts 
believer, but is soon drawn. 1662 J. Srryre in 
Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 178 Sometimes we have Exceed- 
have two or three dishes .. otherwise never 


to have Exceedings of News, besides their ordinary Com- 
mons. 1885 L. Sternen Life H. Fawcett iii. 77 The Christ- 
mas ‘ exceedings’ as they were called in our official language, 
had a certain reputation. 
+b. chiefly /. An amount (of funds, goods, 
etc.) in excess of calculation, or of what is usual ; 
an excess, a lus. Obs. 
1719 W. Woop Surv. Trade 54 The Exceedings of the 
ad 1712, which had so ious a Ballance in our 
avour. 1 Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 417 
Including the fisheries, making a moderate allowance 
for the exceedings .. beyond his calculations. 1828 Lp. 
Grenvitte Sink. Fund 5 Without such an ae 
sinking fund..can have no solid operation. 1833 B 
Elia (1860) 384 Much ado we used to have every. . December 
to account for our exceedings. 


Excee‘ding, ///. a. and adv. [f. as prec. + 
-Inc?.] A. adj. 

+i. Of ns, actions, language, etc.: Over- 
stepping the limits of propriety or custom ; going 
to extremes. Oés. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. tv. Ixiii. 43 He exercisid Tyranny.. 
in so excedynge maner, that the Countree panelist pass of 
hym, & conspyrid his deth. 1529 More Dy. 1v. Wks. 
265/1 To shew by that great exceding word [let him be ana- 
thema] the vndoubted trouth of the faith x Asp, 
Sanpys Serm. (1841) 315 Why was Anna so ex ing in 
craving children at the handsof God? 1644 Hunton Vind. 
Treat. Monarchy \v. 27 Exceeding Acts notwithstanding 
morall limitation are authoritative. 7 Mrs. Detany Au- 
tobiog. & Corr. (1861) II. 191 Sir Philip Sydney’s famous 
R e..is far exceeding exceedingness of the most 
exceeding imagination. 

2. Surpassing in amount or degree; extremely 
great, excessive. Now only with sbs. denoting 
quality, condition, or feeling, or including a notion 
of magnitude or multitude. Rarely “a predica- 
tively. 

1547-8 Order Communion 10 The excedyng loue of our 
master and onely sauior Jesus Christ. 1568 GraFTon 
Chron. hy In the.vi. yere of his [William II’s) reigne 
were exceedyng floodes. 3596 Srenser F. Q. Iv. Vv. 10 
Whose ponetion baaanas -daz’d the of all as with exceed- 
ing light. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1.76 The exceeding 

uantity of Water which at interval he drinks. ¢1680 
Bavarian Serm. (1729) I. 133 It cannot but be an exceed- 
ing grief ..to yout you cannot obey.. him. 1734 tr. 
Rollin's me - (1827) 1. Pref. 4x Attended with a a 
concourse of people exceeding magnificence. 1 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V. 677 Reports touching the ex- 
ceeding badness the beer which he brewed. 1866 
Neate Sequences & Hymns 112 The exceeding host of 
priests. 1875 Scrivener Lect, Grk. Test. 19 Their exceed- 
ing value for illustrating the literary history of these. .ages. 

G. Macvonacp Phantastes II. xx. 132 His love for his 
father was so exceeding. 

+ 3. Of surpassing excellence. Ods. 

1552 LATIMER Serm. (1571) 166 b, Christ tooke. .our nature 

n him ..Oh, what an exceeding thing is this? Rd 
onson Ev, Man out Hum. Nu. ii. us inte, safe) rod 


exceeding form? : 

B. adv. = next. Prefixed to adjs. or advbs. 

Very common in 17-18th c. ; now somewhat arch. 

1535 Coverpace 1 Chron. xxii. [xxi.] 13 Yet wyl I rather 
fall in to y* hande of the Lorde, for his is exceadynge 
greate. 1599 Suaxs. Much Ado m1. nes! y heart is ex- 

ing heauy. eer a Educ. (1847) 99/2 We 

Englishmen..are o by all other nations to — 
exceeding close and inward. 1735 WesLey Wés, (1872) I. 18 
Mr. Del: was ding sick for 1 da: x 
Forrest Voy. N. ome Our Papua friends. .had behav 
exceeding civily. 1814 Worpsw. £.rcursion 1. 112 A virtuous 
household, though exceeding poor, 1857 H. Mitter Jest, 
Rocks. viii. 321 The controversy is one in which there is 
exceeding little footing for any ~ 1857 HawTiHorNe 
Eng. Note-bks. 17 Sept., He is of exceeding fluent talk. 

Exceedingly (eksidipli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-Ly*,] In an exceeding manner or degree, 

+1. Of manner: So as to surpass others. Oés. 

c Henry Wallace ut. 30 Excedandlye he wald lyft 
mekill mar Than ony twa that thai amang thaim fand, 

2. Of degree: Above measure, extremely : 

a. with verbs; formerly in extensive use, now 
chiefly limited to those that indicate emotion, 
feeling, or the ag apy! of them. 

1535 Coverpate Ss. civ. [cv.] yore increased his 

exceadingly. 1591 Srenser Vis, World's Van. viii, A 

towre which shone exceedinglie. 1615 Latnam 7% 
(2693) 124 The wormwood Feng shred with a sharp 
nife. 1665 Boyie Occas. Ref. 1. xiti. (1675) The choice 
of ones Company does exceedingly discover wether a Man 
be Good, or 1678 Wantey Wond. Lit. World v. i. § 93. 
67/2 He travelled exceedingly for the Peace of 
ristendom. 1797 Burke Corr. IV. 420, 


approve his 


EXCEEDINGNESS. 


plan exceedingly. 1841 Lane Arad. Nés. I. 53, I praised 

od..and rejoiced exceedingly. _@ 1845 Hoop Ode ¢o Miss 
Kelly ii, 1 like exceedingly your Parthian dame. 

b. with adjs. and advbs. Now only with the 

positive deg. ; formerly occas. prefixed to more, too. 

1535 CoveRDALE Youah i, 10 Then were y* men exceadingly 
afrayed. 1588 Suaxs. Z. L. L. ut. i. 145 My good knaue 
Costard, exceedingly well met. 1660 Sf. Hall's Rem, 
Wks. Aij, That account .. of the Life of the Reverend Au- 
thor. .is exceedingly too short. @ 1677 Barrow Seri. (1741) 
Ekg dingly many dless | ubrances. 
Newron Oftics 111. (1721) 324 Is not this medium exceedingly 
more rare and subtile than the air? 1 Priestiey Just. 
Relig. (1782) 1, 83 The sole ursuit of sensual pleasure is 
exceedingly injurious, 1847 James Convict ii, She seems to 
me to be exceedingly pretty. 1881 Med. Temp. Frnt. No. 49. 
21 This he found to answer exceedingly well. 


+ Excee‘dingness. Os. [f. as prec, + -NESS.] 
The quality or state of being in excess of usual 
limits ; excessive measure or degree. 

1580 Sipney Arcadiaiy. 439 This complaint..had awaked 
the spirits of the Arcadians, astonished before with the ex- 
ceedingness of sorrow. 1625 K. Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis 
v. ix. 350 Carried away with the exceedingnesse of glad- 
nesse. 1742 [see ExcrEDinc Af/.a.1.] 1847 in Craic. 

Excel (ekse'l), v. Also 5-8 excell(e. [ad. F. 
excelle-r, ad. L. excellére to rise above others, be 
eminent, f. ex- (see Ex- prefix 1) +*celldre to rise 
high, tower, a vb. found only in compds., whose 
root appears in the adj. ce/szs lofty.] 

1. intr. To be superior or preéminent in the 
possession of some quality, or in the performance 
of some action, usually in a good sense; to surpass 
others. Const. zz, sometimes a¢. 

14.. Circumcis.in Tundale’s Vis. (1843) 92. And the thyrd 
he calleth holyness For hit excelleth in perfeccion. der 
Lyne. Lyfe St. Albon (1534) Aij, His goodnes so hygh 
doth excell. 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. u. Wks. 1206/1 
Some other vertue .. wherein the ryche manne maye.. 
excelle. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. iv. 17 Pecocks, that excell 
in pride. 16rz Biste Gev. xlix. 4 Vnstable as water, thou 
shalt not excell. 1634 Sir T. Herpert Trav. 185 They are 
to say truly a warlike... but desperate nation, excell in 
theeving. 1709 Pore /ss. Crit. 15 Let those teach others 
who themselves excel. 1781 Cowrer Retirement 793 The 
Power That..Bids these in elegance or form excel, 1802 
Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7. (1816) I. x. 79 Ambitious of ex- 
celling at the game. 1811 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange i/e 
I. 132 Scott certainly does not excel in the Spenser stanza. 

+b. To be in greater proportion than another 
thing ; to preponderate ; = ExcEED 5. Obs. 

16.. Targuin & Tullia, It was hard to tell, Whether 
its (the land’s] guilt or losses did excel. . z 

2. trans. To be superior to (others) in the pos- 
session of some quality, or in the performance of 
some action; usually in a good sense; to outdo, 
surpass. Const. 27, occas. at. 

1493 Petronilla(Pynson)6 Petronylla .. All other maydyns 
excelled in fairenesse. 1514 BarcLay Zg/oge ii. (1570), The 
wretched lazar.. Hath life which doth the courters life 
excell, 1596 Spenser /. Q. v. xii. 35 A wicked hag, and 
Envy selfe excelling In mischiefe. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
Iv. 490, I... see How beauty is excelld by manly grace 
And wisdom. 1675 Hospes Odyssey (1677) 86 We do 
all other men excel At wrestling .. leaping, running well. 
1712 Appison Sfect. No. 273 ® 2 Homer has excelled all the 
heroic poets that ever wrote, in the multitude and variety 
of his characters. 1768 W, Gitrin Ess, Prints 167, Goupy 
very happily caught the manner of Salvator; and in some 
things excelled him. 1820 SHettey Hymn to Mercury ii, 
She gave to light a babe all babes excelling. 1828 Scorr 
F. M. Perth Introd., The Castle may excel us in extent of 
prospect and natural sublimity of site. | 

b. To surpass (another's qualities or work). raze. 

1611 Hrywoop Gold. Age 1. Wks. 1874 III. 14 Sibill 
should produce a sonne, That should his Fathers vertues 
much excell. 1779-81 Jounnson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 18 He 
has excelled every composition of the same kind. 

+3. a. To be greater than, exceed. b. To be 
too hard or great for, overpower. Ods. 

1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 884 She op’nd, but to shut Excel’d 
her power. /éid. vim. 456 An object that excels the sense. 
1703 T. N. City § C. Purch. 5 A well proportion’d Ante- 
chenibuce, ought. .in length. .not to excel the breadth, 


Excellence (ekséléns).  [a. F. excellence, ad. 
L. excellentia, f. excellent-ent EXCELLENT.] 

1. The state or fact of excelling ; the possession 
chiefly of good qualities in an eminent or unusual 
degree ; surpassing merit, skill, virtue, worth, etc.; 
dignity, eminence. % 

1382 Wycuir 2 Macc. vi. 23 And he bigan for to thenke the 
worthi excellence of age. 1413 Lyne, Pilgr. Sowdle 1. xxviii. 
(1483) 74 Lucifer and his a .. delytynge them to.. 
wondren vppon theyr owne excellence. 1514 Barcay Cyt. 
& Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 13 All the children.. He set in 
honour, and rowme of excellence. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. 
de W, 1531) 208 b, The sublimite or hye excellence of the 
crosse of Chryst. 1590 Spenser F, Q. 11. xii. 87 The mind 
of beastly man .. hath soone forgot the excellence Of his 
creation. 1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, 11. ii, 113 Whatsoever cun- 
ning fiend it was, That — upon thee so preposterously, 
Hath got the voyce in hell for excellence. 1602 — Ham. v. 
ii. 143 Sir, you are not ignorant of what excellence Laertes 
is at his weapon. a 1680 Butter Reve. (1759) I. 10 One.. 
for his Excellence In height’ning Words and shad’wing 
Sense..Was magnify’d. 1729 Butter Ser. Wks. 1874 II. 
178 Superior excellence of any kind. .is the object of awe and 
reverence to all creatures. 1779-81 Jounson L. P. Pofe Wks. 
IV. 73 Those .. who attain any excellence commonly spend 
life in one pursuit. 1833 N. Arnorr Physics (ed. 5) II. 167 
The brightest examples have arisen of intellectual and 
moral excellence. 11 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 49 


371 


That .. most difficult condition of commercial excellence 
under which man should deal faithfully with his brother. 

b. Phrases: lx excellence of = superior. to 
(obs.). By (an, way of) excellence; in early use 
translating L. per, propter excellentiam, Gr. kat’ 
éfoxnv, in later use= Fr. par excellence: (so called) 
as being preéminently entitled to the designation 
given. Now rare. Cf. EMINENCE 8c. 

c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 17 While pat Rome was in excellence 
Of alle Realmes in dignite. 1613 Br. Hatt Holy Panegy- 
rick Wks. (1627) 476 Attendance on His [God's] ordinance 
(which by an excellence is tearmed His seruice). @ 1704 T. 
Brown Sat. Antients Wks. 1730 I. 18 Lucilius having .. 
embellished it [this poem], ought by way of excellence, to 
be esteemed the first author. 1822 T. i 
Marian ix, Richard the First of England, the arch-crusader 
and anti-jacobin by excellence. 1838-9 HaLiam Hist, Lit. 
II. iii. 1. § 5. 102 Cesalpin was denominated, by excellence, 
the Philosopher. 1846 Grote Greece (1854) I. 55 In the 
mouth ofan Athenian, Demeter and Persephone were always 
the Mother and Daughter, by excellence. 

2. That in which a person or thing excels; an 
excellent feature or quality. 

c 139% Cuaucer Astroé. 1. § 26 The excellence of the spere 
solide. .shewyth manifeste the diverse assenciouns of signes 
in diverse places. 1601 SHaks. 7wed. N.1. iii, 127 Zo. What 
is thy excellence in a galliard, knight? Avd. Faith, I can 
cut a caper. 1703 Locke in Four C. Eng. Lett, 142 The 
adoration due to your other excellences. 1752 JOHNSON 
Rambler No. 208 ? 12 Some [papers] may be found, of 
which the highest excellence is harmless merriment. 1856 
STanLey Sinaz & Pad. viii. (1858) 325 The great excel- 
lence of the eastern table-land was ..in pasture _and in 
forest, 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sh. I. 1. iv. 197 Civilized 
nations allow that foreigners have their specific excellences. 

+b. An excellent action; a kindness, favour. Ods. 
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L, G, IV. 2045 Ariadne, Yow that don me 
this excellence. P 

+3. a. An excellent personality. Ods. 

1447 Bokennam Seyztys Introd. (Roxb.) 5, I diligence 
Do to plesyn the wurthy excellence Of thys holy maydyn. 
1633 Forp Broken H. ww. ii, Y’are to render Account to 
that faire Excellence, the Princesse. 1722 E. Hrywoop 
British Recluse 20 Blush not, fair Excellence! 1790 Mrs. 
A. M. Jounson Monmouth U1. 95 That sainted excellence 
fell under the repeated strokes of their bloody swords ! 

+b. Asa title of honour ; = EXcELLENCY 3 b. Ods. 

c1590 GREENE Fr. Bacon (1630) 51 If it may please the 
Lady Ellinor, One day shall match your Excellence and 
her. 1642 Stincssy Diary (1836) 91 To treat wt his excel- 
lence abt exchange of prisoners. 1670G. H. //ist. Cardinals 
um. m1 184 The accident that happen’d betwixt his Excel- 
lences Servants, and the Corsé. 1712 STEELE Sect. No. 497 
? 2 He told his Excellence, That he [the speaker] had pre- 
tended .. to be wiser than he really was. 1737 Por Hor. 
Epist. i. ii. 44 Next pleas’d his Excellence a town to batter. 
1796 Burney Metastasio I. 403 Being furnished with a letter 
from me to your excellence. 

Hence E-xcellenceshi:p. vovce-wid. 

c1716 Lett. fr. Mist's Wkly. Jrul. (1722) I. 59 To his 
Excellenceship the Author of the Weekly Journal. 

Excellency (eksélénsi), Also 5 excelencye. 
[ad. L. excellentia: see prec. and -ENCY.] 

+1. = EXcELLENCE 1. Ods. or arch. 

2a1400 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I.9 Exsaulted by my 
excelencye. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 195 b, To be 
had in honour .. as theyr vertue or excellency requyreth. 
1579 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 95 He could not better haue 
shewed his excellencie aboue Aaron. 1605 CAMDEN Rev. 
(1637) 163 Lady Iane Grey. .for her excellency in the Greek 
tongue was called for Greia, Graia. 1611 Biste Ps. Ixii. 4 
They onely consult to cast him downe from his excellency. 
1674 PLayrorp Skil/ Mus. Pref. 1 An high esteem of the 
Excellency of Musick. 1716-8 Lapy M. W. Montacue 
Lett. I. xl. 162 Fountains, famous for the excellency of 
their water. 1783 Haites Axtig. Chr. Ch. iv. 87 There is 
friendship, says he, between good men and the Divinity, 
moral excellency uniting them. : 

b. High degree of skill; proficiency. 

«1704 Locke (J.), I have, amongst men of parts and busi- 
ness, seldom heard any one commended for having an ex- 
cellency in musick. A 

+e. concr. Something that excels, or takes the 
highest place; the ‘ beauty’ or ‘ flower’. Ods. 

1611 Biste /sa. Ix. 15, I will make thee an eternall excel- 
lencie, a ioy of many generations. 1660 W. Secxer Nox- 
such Prof. 8 Man is the excellency of the creature, the 
Saint is the excellency of the man. 1667 E. CHAMBERLAYNE 
St. Gt. Brit. 1. 1. iii. (1743) 6 The college of the knights of 
the garter .. is curiously adorned .. with the excellency of 
modern Painting and carving. 

+d. In phrases, By, for, with (an) excellency 
= by way of excellence: see EXCELLENCE 1 b. Ods. 

1574 HetLtowes Gueuara’s Fam, Ep. (1577) 4 For excel- 
lencie, it was written of him [Caesar] that he neuer forgot 
seruice, or euer did remember iniurie. 1631 GoucE God's 
Arrows Vv. § 2. 411 This relative particle... 7ey, as here it 
is used, is to be taken kar’ éw&xyy [sic] with an excellency. 
1648 N. Estwick A Treatise 44 The person here is called, 
by an excellencie, the Spirit of truth, 1716 M. Davies 
Athen. Brit, U1. 3 The fifth advance in Humanity is nam’d 
Poetry or Humanity it self, by excellency or preference. 

2. a. That in which a person or thing excels ; an 
excellent feature or quality; a chief accomplish- 
ment, a specialty ; = EXCELLENCE 2. 

1601 Suaxs. wel. N. 11. iii. 163 Cram’d (as he thinkes) with 
excellencies. 1640 FuLLER Yoseph’s Coat viii. (1867) 195 
One’s excellency may consist in the unsnarling of a known 
controversy. 1676 Ernerepce Man of Mode 1. i, That a 
mans croalledey should lie in neatly tying of a Ribbond, or 
aCrevat! x712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 143 The 
Maple has this peculiar Excellency, that it grows in the 
Shade. 1771 Sir J. Reynotps Disc, iv. (1876) 357 Those 
higher excellencies of which the art is capable, 1839 Lp, 


Peacock Maid | 


EXCELLENT. 


BrouGuaM Statesnt. Geo. ITT, Ld. Grenville (ed. 2) 144 The 
faults of his character were akin to some of the excellencies. 
+b. With the: That which makes (a person or 
thing) to be excellent; the criterion of excellence. 
1643 Burroucues E.xf. Hosea iii. (1652) 207 What is the 
excellency of man but Religion? 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 
98 The Excellency of Sawing is, to keep the Kerf exactly 
in the Line marked out to be sawn. 1807. THomson Chem. 
(ed. 3) II. 495 The excellency of a good enamel is, that it 
easily fuses into a kind of paste at the heat which is neces- 
sary for baking stoneware. 

+3. a. An excellent personality; a ‘dignity’. Oés. 

1688 Cottier Several Disc. (1725) 278 The Arians .. say 
that Christ is. .called God only if way of Participation, as 
other created Excellencies are. 

b. As a title of honour. 
CELLENCE 3 b. 

‘The quots. show that it was formerly applied to royal per- 
sonages, to ladies, and others, though in England now limited 
to ambassadors, ministers plenipotentiary, governors (ex- 
tended also to their wives) and certain other high officers. 

(c1325 Address to Edw. Il. in Pike Year-bks. 13 & 14 
Edw, 11, 362 Vestra Excellentia.] 1532 Dewes /trod. 
fy. in Palsgr. 1037 Your excellency [Queen Mary of France] 
doth styre and move me continually. 1568 GraFrton Chou. 
II. 390 Sir John Bushe made request..that it might please 
the kinges hignesse and excellencie, that, etc. 1632 J. 
Haywarp tr. Biond?’s Eromena Bij, The Lord grant your 
Excellencie [Dutchess of Richmond] all increase of felicitic. 
1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth ut. (1722) 276 His Excellency the 
Muscovite Ambassador. 1727 Swirt Gudliver 1. v. 61 ‘Their 
excellencies, who were privately told how much I had been 
their friend. 1763 Scrarton /xdostan iii. (1770) 64 They 
desired a private conference with the Soubah : but his Excel- 
lency, etc. 1821 SHELLEY /Ze//as Ded., To his Excellency 
Prince Alexander Mavrocordato, late Secretary for Foreign 
Affairs. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 11. 148 Retaining the 
guard of honour, the sword of state, and the title of Excellency. 

Excellent (eksélént), pf/e., adj., and adv. 
Forms: 4-5 excelent(e, exellent, -ilent, 5-6 
excellente, 6 exelent (//. excellentes), 4- ex- 
cellent. [a. F. excellent, ad. L. excellent-em, pr. 
pple. of excel/tre to EXCEL.] 

A. as fr. pple. (cf. -ENT 2]. Excelling. 

c1400 Beryn 1110 Some fair lusty lady, that of pulcritude 
Were excellent al othir. c1qz5 Wynrtoun Cron. vil. vii. 15 
Tat Prynce excellent in vysdwme All Pryncis of be Crystyn- 
dwme. 1513 DouGias xeis xu. vii. 30 Eneas. .excellent 
all the lave. 

B. adj. 

1. Of a person or thing: That excels or sur- 
passes in any respect; preéminent, superior, su- 
preme. Of qualities: Existing in a greater, or an 
exceptionally great, degree. 

+a. in favourable sense. Ods. merged in 3. 

1382 Wycuir 1 Com. xii. 31 Sue je the bettere gostli 3yftis. 
And 3it I schewe to 30u a more excellent weye. 1387 T'Rr- 
visa Higden (Rolls) II. 341 Plato was most excellent among 
Socrates [his] disciples. ¢1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 17 The 
excellent beute was so greet that .. Adrian .. fille doun be- 
fore hem wyth greet drede. 1539 Tonstatt Seri. Palue 
Sund, (1823) 52 John the Euangelist most excellent in inno- 
cency. 1558 EpEN Decades (Arb.) 49 The excellente artificers 
Ooliab and Beselchel. 1594 BLuNnpEviL Z-verc. Ul. 1. xxi. 
(ed. 7) 326 They [the stars] are darkned by the excellent 
brightnesse of the Sunne. 1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. i. 
115 He that employeth his wit to many sciences, commonly 
cannot be excellent in any. 1610 A. Cooke Pofe Foax in 
Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 20 St. Andrew’s Church at Bour- 
deaux, one of the excellentest Churches in all France. 1656 
More Antid, A th. (1712) 62 The excellent usefulness of the 
Horse. 1744 Harris 7hree Treat. (1841) 27 To consider .. 
which, upon the whole, is more excellent than the other two. 

+b. in bad or neutral sense. Ods. or arch. 

1588 Suaxs. 77#. A. u. iii. 7 A very excellent peece of vil- 
lany. 1605 — Lear. ii. 128 This is the excellent foppery 
of the world. 1606 — At. § CZ. 1. i. 40 Excellent fals- 
hood. 1629 CHAPMAN Yuvenal v 282 Nor any excellentest 
Zany can tore then a weeping-gut [Zav¢. plorante gula] 
delight aman. 1649 JER. Taytor Gt. E-venp. i. § 15. 160 
Crucifixion was an excellent pain, sharp and passionate. 
1759 Hume Hist. Eng. xlii.(1805) V. 305 Elizabeth. .was an 
excellent hypocrite. 1818 SHELLEY Fuliax 242 Those absurd 
deceits. .carry through The excellent impostors of this earth. 

+2. Excelling in rank or dignity ; exalted, highly 
honourable. In heraldic use, a formal epithet 
indicating a rank higher than that denoted by 
‘noble’. Ods. 

¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxiv. 109 He es halden be maste 
excellent emperour of be werld. ¢ 1430 Life St. Kath, (1884) 
17 Than oon bat was more excellent pan anober spake first. 
1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Aja, It is shewyd. .of rigalities 
wiche ben noble and wich ben excellent. 1526 TinDALE 
Heb, i. 4 He hath by inheritaunce obteyned an excellenter 
name then haue they. 1565 Harpinc in Jewel Def Afol. 
(1611) 251 He would .. aduance these Creatures [Bread and 
Wine] to a much excellenter condition. 1611 Brste Ps. 
cexlviii. 13 Let them praise the Name of the Lord, for his 
Name alone is excellent [arg. exalted]. a@1653 GoucE 
Comm. Heb. ii. 1 God sent .. his Son, more excellent than 
the excellentest meer creature. 1702 A. pe Moivre Jeth. 
Squaring Curves in Misc. Cur. (1708) I, 158 That Excel- 
lent Person thinks this Series not to be General enough, 

+b. As a title of address. Ods. 

1611 Biste Luke i. 3 To write unto thee in order, most 
excellent Theophilus. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Ero- 
mena Bij, To the most Illustrious and right Excellent .. 
The Lord Duke of Richmond. 1634 Forp P. Warbeck 
v. i, My commission Extends no further, excellentest lady, 
Than to a service. ; : 

+c. Assuming superiority, haughty, ‘ superior’. 

1430 A. B.C. in Babees Bk. 11 [Don’t be] To elenge, ne 
to excellent, ne to eernesful neiper, 

47-2 


Cf, EMINENCE 5, Ex- 


EXCELLENTLY. 


3. (The current sense ; originally a contextual use 
of 1.) Used as an cxphate expression of praise 
or approval, whether of persons, things, or actions: 
Extremely good. 

1604 Suaks. O¢h. u. iii. 77 "Fore Heauen: an excellent 
Song. 1606— 7%. & Cr. 1. ii. 197 Here’s an excellent 
place, heere we may see most brauely. Evetyn Kai. 
Hort. (1729) 186 .. Felicity of an excellent Gard’ner. 
lbid. my | e Dung pela 4a and Poultry .. is excellent 
for the Fig-Tree. 1700 Drypen Fad/es Ded., I have en- 
joy’d the patronage of your family from the time of your 
excellent grandfather. 1732 ArsutHnot Rudes of Diet Wks. 
I. 247 A most excellent Drink in bilious Fevers. 1784 
Cowper ask 1. 790 Some minds. .taste Of what is excel- 
lent in man. 1833 fans Elia Ser. 1. xix. (1865) 371, I rattled 
off some of my most excellent absurdities, 1849 James /¥”00d- 
man vii, Are you sure these excellent friends of yours have 
goneon? 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. III. 32 lin Mac- 
donald of Keppoch, an excellent specimen of the genuine 
Highland Jacobite. 1860 Tynpatt Géac. 1. xviii. 124 The 
snow was in excellent order. 

absol. 161 Bite Ps. xvi. 3 My goodnes extendeth ..to 
the Saints .. and to the excellent. et | Hervey Medit. 
(1818) 220 Hast thou not known, the excellent of the earth, 
who were living images of their Maker? 1821 Hist. Geo. 
Desmond 85, 1 did not fail to count myself among the ex- 
cellent of the earth. F 

+b. as sb. in pl. Excellencies. Obs. rare. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.) 11. xvii. N iij, Honour, 
glorye .. and all other excellentes and perfeccyons. 

+ C. adv. = EXCELLENTLY. Obs. 

a. With verbs. b. With adjs. and ppl. adjs. ; 
with the latter often hyphened. e¢@. With advbs. 
well, ill. 

a. 1483 Caxton Cato Bj, Alexander .. to Socrates made 
reuerence ryght excellente and publykely. 1607 SHaxs. 
Timon \. i. 29 Pain.’Tis a good Peece. Poet. So 'tis, this 
comes off well, and excellent. 1642 Futter ‘oly & Prof. 
St, u. xvi. 109 Here it doth most excellent. 

b. 1586 Cocan Haven Health x\vi. (1636) 60 It [Blessed 
Thistle] is excellent good against any kind of Feaver. 1586 
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 144 A number of excellent 
penned discourses. 1681 Nevite Plato Rediv. 24 Your 
excellent-built Vessel. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. xvi. 
327 Wine .. they have excellent good. 

Cc. 1590 Martowe Edw. //, v. v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 220/2 Ligh. 
Was it not bravely done? Gur. Excellent well. 1604 SHaks. 
Oth, 1.iii. 121 Excellent well. 1612 CHapman Widowes 7. in 
Dodsley O. PZ. (1780) VI. 202 How excellent ill this humour 
suits our habit. 1756 W. To.pervy Hist. Two Orphans 
II. 116 They. .doubted not of doing excellent well. 

Excellently (e‘kséléntli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY2.] In an excellent manner or degree. 

+1. So as to surpass (others). Const. of. Obs. 

1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Knt, 2423 Pes wer forne pe freest pat 
foljed alle pe sele, Ex-ellently of alle pyse oper. 

2. In an unusual degree; exceedingly, superla- 
tively, surpassingly: +a. with verbs (0ds.) ; b. with 
adjs.: now only in good sense (with mixed notion 
of sense 3); ¢. with adv. wed/ (arch.). 

a. c1460tr. 7. @ Kempis 145 Dispute not..why pis is so 
gretly peyned, & he is so excellently lifte up. 1599 SHaks. 
Much Ado. iv. 13, 1 like the new tire within excellently. 

b. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2 For it may be 
ryght well, that some be excellently Loaed: and yet, etc. 
1 R. Hutten Sum of Diuinitie B va, By the lawe is 
sin excellently giltye. 1621 FLercHer Pilgrim 1.ii, A sorrow 
shews in his true glory, When the whole heart is excel- 
lently sorry. 165x Hospes Leviath, 1. iv. 15 Excellently 
wise, or excellently foolish. 1677 Drypen State Innocence 
Pref., Comedy is both excellently instructive, and extreamly 
pleasant. 1826 SoutHey Lett. (1856) IV. 37 Believing that 
ke is an excellently good man. 

C. 1529 More Dyadoge 1. Wks. 121/1 Many an holy bishop 
excellently wel toe! in scripture. 1605 Bacon Adz. 
Learn. u. xviii. § 1 A science excellent, and excellently well 
laboured. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 270 ® 1 His Part, and 
that of the Maid. .are excellently well performed. 

3. Extremely well. 

1527 Bise /sa. xii. 5 in Lewis Eng. Transl. Bible (1731) 
16 Synge unto the Lorde, for he hath done excellentlye. 1553 
Even 7veat. New Ind. Ded., Howe excellently the Poet 
Homere had set forth his heroical factes. 1603 KNoLLES 
Hist. Turks (1638) 247 A company of braue soldiers excel- 
lently furnished. 2653 Watton Angler 51 And so excel- 
lently cook’d this fish. 1782 V. Knox Ess. cxxxii. Wks. 
(1824) II. 68 He [Erasmus] has written so excellently that, 
etc. 1826 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser. 11. (1863) 272 Our ex- 
cellently-intentioned governess. 1871 Moriry Voltaire 
(1886) 65 Excellently constituted as Fontenelle was in a 
great_many ways. 

+E-xcellentness. Oés. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
= EXCELLENCE. 

1569 Gotpinc Heminges Post. 12 Hee commendeth John 
for the excellentnesse of his Prophecie. 1576 FLEMING 
Panofpl. Epist. 397 Writers of no lesse excellentnesse then 
ancientnesse, 1730-6 in Baitey (folio). x in Asn. 

Excelling oomfes vol. sb. [f. EXCEL + 
-InG1.] The action of the vb, ExceL; also an 
instance of the same. 

1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on A poc. (1573) 125 Their excell- 
yng is but in mouth and in py 1824 Scotr Xed- 
gauntlet let. v, They [thy two last letters] excel (though the 
task was difficult) thy usual excellings. 

Exce'lling, ///.a. [f. as prec. +-1NG?.] That 
excels; superior, surpassing. Now only in 
sense. "+ Of a number : ergy a8 great. 

1581 Sipney Afo/. Poetrie (Arb.) 67 ~ Mo excelling 
_ of Poesie. 1604 Suaxs. O¢h. v.1i. 1x Thou cunning’st 

‘atterne of excelling Nature. 1646 H. Lawrence Comm. 
Angelis 5 The Divell hath a most excelling ice. 
Gerpier Counsel Diij b, That may in time make up an ex- 
celling number. 1742 Riciarpson Pamela 1V. 334 The 


872 


he Law.. ith 
mondingncivGg en 
Hence Exce'llingly ., Excellingness, the 
state or quality of excelling ; = EXxcELLENCE. 


1568 Grarton Chron. II. 390 Besechyng his excelse, high, 
t he would witsafe to graunt him 
1598 Yonc Diana 48 Any beautie .. Though 
it be neuer so excelse. 1651 Hower Venice 116 Most ex- 
celse and victorious Prince. 1656 Eart Monm. Adzt. Jt 
Parnass, 293 They .. did chiefly wonder, that the prime 
Senators of so excelse a Commonwealth did freely exercise 
marchandising. 1657 Tomuinson Renon’s Disp. 458 Those 
grt inhabit excelse plants. 1730-6 in Bartey (folio). 1775 
in Asn. 
B. sé. [tr. L. excelsum.] A ‘high place’. rare}. 
[1480 Caxton Chron, Eng. u. (1520) 18/2 Jonathan son to 
Osyas..toke not away excelsa as other dyde.] 1609 Biste 
(Douay) /sa. xvi. 12 Moab hath laboured for his excelses 


[x61 the high place]. 


Excelsior (ckse'lsioz). 
excelsus high: see EXCELSE.] 

|| 1. a. The Latin motto (‘higher’) on the seal 
of the State of New York (adopted by the senate 
of that state 16 Mar. 1778), the accompanying 
device being a rising sun. Hence attrib. in The 
Excelsior State, New York.- b. Used by Long- 
fellow (quasi-27/. as an expression of incessant 
aspiration after higher attainment) as the refrain 
of a popular poem ; hence employed with similar 
sense by many later writers. 

The adverbial meaning (=‘ upwards’) commonly given to 
the motto cannot be justified by L. grammar. According 
to S. Longfellow Life H.W. Longfellow 1. 384, the poet was 
at first unaware of the solecism in the motto as thus inter- 
preted, and when it was pointed out to him suggested that 
the word might be taken to stand for Scopus meus excelsior 
est, ‘My goal is higher.’ It is not clear whether the original 
use on the seal is a blunder, or whether it was meant as an 
abbreviation for some grammatically admissible phrase. 

1778 Drawing of Seal in N. Y. Senate Rep. (1881) No. 61 
Excelsior. ae Loner. Excelsior 30 A voice replied, far 
up the height, Excelsior ! 

. Often used as a ‘trade-mark’, and a/érid. in 
the names given by tradesmen to special articles 
of manufacture ; also in the titles of various perio- 


[L., compar. deg. of 


dicals in U.S. and in England. 


1851 Catal. Grt. Exhibition U1. 1467 Excelsior soap [An 
American exhibit). 1876 Furniture Gaz. 24 June 401/1 The 
Excelsior spring mattress, 1888 (¢7t/e) The New Excelsior 
Test Cards in Arithmetic. 

3. U.S. A trade name for short thin curled 


| shavings of soft wood used for stuffing cushions, 


mattresses, etc. Also attrib. in excelstor-machine. 

1868 Specif, U. S. Patent No. 75728 A machine for manu- 
facturing that article of commerce technically called ‘ excel- 
sior’ for filling mattrasses. 1873 Furniture Gas. 22 Ma 
3/2 ‘Excelsior’ or fine wood shavings used for cheap uphol- 
stery purposes. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 815/1 Excelsior- 
Machine. 1884 Boston (Mass.) Yrné. 9 June, os  quanti- 
ties of poplar-wood, to be used in the manufacture of excelsior. 

+Exce'lsitude. Oés. [ad. L. type *excelsi- 
titdo, f. excels-us lofty : see EXCELSE and -TUDE.] 
Highness, majesty. 

1470 Harpinc Chron. cixxvi. xvi, Thei .. putte their 
cause to God his hie excelsitude. 1599 Nasne Lenten 
Stuffe 22 To chaunt and carroll forth the Alteza an excelsi- 
tude of this monarchall fludy Induperator. 1730-6 in BAILEY 
(folio). 1775 in Asx. 

b. humorously. As a title or form of address ; 
= HIGHNEsS. 

1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe Ep. Ded., Your diminutiue 
excelsitude and compendiate greatnesse, 

+ Exce'lsity. Ods.—° [ad. L. excelsttas lofti- 
ness, f. excels-us lofty: see EXCELSE.] Height, alti- 
tude, loftiness; ‘ haughtiness’ (Bailey fo/io 1730-6). 


1623 in KERAM. 1656 in Biount Glossogr, 1721-1800 
in Baitey. 1775 in Asn, 
Excen’ (eksentral), a Bot. [f. L. ex- out 


of + centr-um CENTRE + -AL.] Out of the centre ; 

= Eccentric 3. 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Excentric, -ical, etc.: see ECCENTRIC, -ICAL. 

Except (ckse'pt),v. Also 4-6 excepte, 6 
Sc. excep, 7 eccept, exept. [ad. F. excepte-r, f. 
L. except- ppl. stem of excipére to take out, f. ex- 
out + capéve to take. Cf. Pr. exceptar; the formally 
equivalent L, excep/dre had only the sense ‘to 
catch, take up’. AF. had excefer (Britton 0. xvi. 
§ 3, Iv. iv. § 1) ape ad. L. exctpére.] 

1. trans. To take or leave out (of any aggregate 
or collective whole) ; ‘ to leave out pe | specify as 
left out’ (J.); to exclude (from an enumeration, 
the scope of a statement or enactment, a privilege, 
etc.) ; to leave out of account or consideration. 
Const. from, out of; also simply. 


EXCEPT, 
1530 Patscr. 541/2 He is the best of al his kynne, I excepte 


none. 1§35 CovERDALE 1 Cor. xv. 27 He is ex which 
put all vnder him, 1594 Hooker £cc?. Pol. u. iii. 
(1611) 59 meates indifferent .. were it not that God by 
name excepted 1601 Saks. Fu. C. u, i. 281 Within 


some. 

the Bond of Marriage, tell me Brutus, Is it ex: 1 
should know no Secrets That appertaine to you. a 1656 Br. 
Haut Via Media Rem. Wks. (1660) 376 He hath gi i 
law to all, [he] ex: 
TER Answ. Stilling/?. xii. 20 He that marrieth Persons may 
not except the Husbands Power of Government. @1714 
Burnet Own Time 11. 302 Another clause in the Lill was 

f' SS) WN. If 
mith IW, N.1. xi. 1. 227 If you 

bles raised 


by 
IT. 196 He was pted fi *s 
Ce 


rom the g Pp 0. 
b, In es pple. ex oe in the aéso/. const., and 
placed after the sb. Cf. Excepr fa. pple. 2. 

1514 Eart Worcester in Ellis Orig. . 1. 69 I. 234 He 
shall have. .as many [men] more. .to serve his Grace ayenst 
any Prince leving noon reservid nor exceptid. 1568 Dea 
ton Chron. 11. 72 His father the king excepted there is none 
whose honor I more tender and love. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. 46 [The Ile] procreates moteng, noteworthy, Salt ex- 
cepted. 1769 Ropertson Chas, V, IIL. vu. 18 The whole 
9 a small corner excepted, was subjected to the 
Turkish yoke, 1875 Bryce //oly Rom. Emp. xi. (ed. 5) 172 
The Church excepted, no agent did so m to keep alive 
the memory of Roman institutions. : 

2. intr. To make objection; to object or take 
exception. Const. against (exceedingly common 
in 17thc.), tat, Zo. Also in indirect passive. 

[From the use of L. excipfere (adversus aliguem)in Roman 
Law; the etymological notion being that of limiting the 
right alleged in an opponent’s declaration by setting up a 
countervailing right in the defendant which excepts his case 
(see Exception 4).J 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 246 He excepteth 
against Eusebius and his adherents, as open enemies. 1602 
Suaks. 7wel. N.1. iii. 7 Mar. Sir Toby .. your Cosin .. 
takes great exceptions to your ill houres. 70. hid let her 
except. 1611 Biste 7rans/. Pref. 5 Sixtus. .and Alphonsus 
.-men not to be excepted against by them of Rome. 1620 
Bacon in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 259 II. 236, I may be allowed 
to except to the witnesses brought against me. 1647 May 
Hist. Pari. u\. ii. 33 Parliament consented to all the Pr 
sitions ; but the King excepted against one of them. = v8 
Gtanvitt Sceps. Sci. 53 He excepts at Gassendus’s animad- 
verting on Aristotle’s manners. 1713 STEELE Guardian No. 

One. .excepted to the gentility of Sir William Hearty, 
acme he wore a frize coat. 1746 Da Costa in Phil. 
Trans. XLIV. 406 As for the re; Figure of the Belem- 
nites being excepted against, I believe few Fossilists will 
argument that, 1850 Merivate Rom, Emp. (ed. 2) Il. fo 
The criminals who excepted against Cato were 
condemned. 1885 Sir E. E. Kay in Law Times Rep. LIT. 
84/2 They had got their affidavit, to the sufficiency of which 
they did not except. 

tb. transf. of a document. Obs. 

1809 R. Lancrorp /utrod. Trade 22 If the bill be foreign, 
a merchant draws two or three of the same..date, each of 
which excepts against the rest, that no more than one of 


them should be paid. 
+3. trans. Fo offer or allege as an objection; 


to object. Const. with simple obj. or obj. clause, 
against, to. Obs. 

a 1592 Greene Yas. /V, v. iv, Olawyer..Why thrive you 
by contentions ? why devise you Clauses and subtle reasons 
toexcept? 1625 Bacon £ss., Marriage (Arb.) 207 They 
have heard some talke ; Such an one is a great rich Man; 
And another except to it; Yea, but he hath a great charge 
of Children. 1639 Futter Holy War u. xxxix, (1840) 102 
Others excepted, that this exception was nothing worth, 
1680 Burnet Xochester (1692) 96, I desired him to. .see what 
he could except to them. 1 Stewart's Trial 267 The 
learned gentleman. .has been pleased to except against this 
part of the evidence ; that [etc.]. 4 

+4. To object to; to take cuenta to; to pro- 
test against. Ods. vare exc. in Shaks. 

1 HAKS. Rich. //, 1. i. 72 There I throw my gage.. 
And lay aside my high bloods Royalty,Which feare..makes 
thee to except. c 1600 — Sonn. cxlvii, I desperate now 
approve Desire is death, which physic did except. 

+5. In lit. sense : To take out, extract, excerpt. 

zat Stryre Eccl. Mem. 1. xii. 315 The judgments of 
which two last are excepted out of the rest and printed in 
the History of the Reformation. 

+6. To receive, accept. Obs. [A ‘frequent sense 
of L. excifere; but in some at least of the ex- 
amples the word is a mistake for AccerT.}__ 

1393 Gower Con/. III. 178 To the pouer and to the riche 
Hi tthe king’s) lawes mighten stonden liche, He shall 
excepte no persone. awes Past. Pleas. Xvi. XxXxix, 
Her [fortune’s] louring chere she may ryght sone nge, 
And ex and cal unto her grace. c 1530 Lv. Berners 
Arth. Lyt. t. (1814) 260 Her grace hath excepted my 
seruice. 1 "F. Coxe Eng. § Fr. Herald §3s7 (1877) 103 
To except them (as th work of the narowe sea. 

Knoiies Hist, Turks (1638) 149 Which their offer he 
gladly b> ee 1635 A. tad * Glory (1869) 92 
so wil eccept my € rayrs. 
absol, x pain hen Cherrie § Slae 1002 Quhat wald 
thou do, I wald we wist : Except, or giue us oure. 

Except (ckse'pt), Aple., prep., and conj. Also 
5-6 excepte, 5 Sc. weg [ad. L. except-us, 
pa. pple. of excepéve: see EXCEPT v. 

+A. phple. =excepted, pa. pple. of Except v. 
+1. As predicate (with the vb. Zo de) or as com- 
lementary obj.: Not included. Also occas., 


nap a pate thoughte hym selfe 
Pane sg Apt ne iy qe tn oo 1523 


EXCEPT. 


‘Lv. Berners /roiss, I. cxlvii. 177 To this truse all parties 
were - ed, but Bretayne was clerely excepte. 1526 Pilg. 
Perf.(W. de W. 1531) 62 The greatest synner that is may 
attayne therto, and none excepte. 1535 CoveRDALE 
1 Kings xv. 22 Kynge Asa caused it be proclamed in all 
Iuda: Here be no man excepte. 


+2. ? Accepted. Ods. (See Except v. 6.) 

(The old edd. read exfert, which may be correct.) 

c1400 Rom. Rose 4291 She was except in his servise. 

+ 3 In concord with a sb. in the nominative abso- 
lute ; = ‘ (being) excepted’. Ods. 

a. preceding the sb. (See B. 1.) 
b. following the sb. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds(1870) 394 Yf eny citezen fforen wolle.. 
sue eny citezen denesyn for eny matere or cause done wt 
outforth. . ples of lond only except. 1494 Fasyan Chron. v. 
cx. 84 All other, as well of Brytons as of Saxons, faylyd, or 
lefte of, that allonly excepte. CoveRDALE Acts xxvi. 
29, I wolde to God that..I mighte persuade. .the..to be 
soch as I am these bondes excepte. [Wyctir, out takun thes 
bondis ; Vulg. exceptis vinculis his.) 1594 Suaxs. Rich. 
ITI, v. iii. 243 (Richard except) those whom we fight against, 
Had rather haue vs win, then him they follow. 1646 E. 
FltsHer] Mod. Divinity 7 Let all the fruits of Paradise be 
in thy power, one tree except. 1667 MiLton P. L. 11.678 God 
and his Son except, Created thing naught vallu’d he nor 
shun’d, 

B. prep. , 

1. In ME., in the construction A. 3, the pple., like 
its synonym ovt-taken, might precede the sb. 
When this collocation of a pple. ceased to be 
idiomatic, except became a prep., with the sense : 
Excepting, with the exception of, save, but. 

Owing to the rarity of instances in which an inflected 

ron. takes the place of a sb., it is impossible to say definitely 
how soon the change in the grammatical character of the 
word took place, but it had prob. begun before 16th c. Cf. 
Fr. excepté and hormis, which are now treated as preps. 
Possibly the word was sometimes taken as the imperative of 
Excert v.; cf. excife in the Eton Latin Syntax. 

1377 Lancu. P. P2. B, 1x. 140 Alle shal deye. . Excepte one- 
liche of eche kynde a couple [A. x. 169 out-taken Eihte 
soules and of vche beest A couple]. _¢ 1470 Henry Wadlace 
v. 1026 Thai entryt in, befor thaim fand no ma, Excep 
wemen, 14..Customs of Malton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 58 In 
y® feyldes and in y°* more. .and in all othyr places, excepptt 
severall of y* lorde. 1560 WuITEHORNE Arte Warre (1573) 
83 b, No Capitayne will lye neere the enemie except hee that 
is disposed to fighte the fielde. _rg91 Suaxs. 1 /Vex. VJ, 1. i. 
gt France is reuolted from the English quite, Except some 
petty Townes. 1655 W. F. Meteors 11. 56 Old Wives are 
wont to say that no night in the year except one, passeth 
without Lightning. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. HW”. xix, The rabble 
of mankind. .know nothing of liberty except thename. 1860 
Dickens Uncomm. Trav. iii, Everybody else in the room 
had fits, except the wardswoman. "1870 Morris Earthly 
Par, I, i. 291 There where we go shall all be new to thee 
Except the love that thou hast won from me. 

+2. Leaving out of account; hence, in addition 
to, besides, as well as. Obs. rare. 

1578 Datrympte tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 27 Excepte fleshe, 
fishe and eldinge..this Ile hes a pasture..that may feid 
sum wethiris. 1756 Amory ¥. Buncle (1770) I. 101 Except 
hours of sleep, we were rarely from each other. 

+3. Without. Obs. rare—}. 

1588 J. Mevus Briefe Instr. F v b, Neuer enter any parson 
in your booke. .except the consent of the same person. 

C. conj. 

1. Introducing a predicative clause expressing a 
fact that forms an exception to the statement made. 
Now only in full form except that (in which except 
looks like a fre. with sentence as 06/.); in 16- 
17th c. that was sometimes omitted. “Cf. Fr. e.x- 
cepté que. 

1568 Grarton Chron. II. 260 Then there came..men of 
estate out of the good Townes of Flaundyrs, except out of 
Gaunt there came none. 1593 SHaks. Rich. //, 1. iv.6 Rich. 
What store of parting sas were shed? Aum, Faith none 
for me: except the Northeast wind..Awak’d the sleepie 
rhewme, and so by chance Did grace our hollow parting 
with ateare. 1601 — Ad/’s Well w. iii. 300 More of his 
souldiership I know not, except in that Country, he had the 
honour to be the Officer. .to instruct for the doubling of files. 
Mod, The cases are quite parallel, except that A. is a 
i man than B. E 7 

2. Introducing a hypothetical clause expressing 
a supposed case in which an exception will or 
may exist ;=‘ unless’, ‘if not’. 

+a. in full form except that, except that if. 
Obs. rare. 

1513 More in Harding’s Chron. (1543), This is my minde 
--excepte that any ot yotmy Lordes ae thinge perceaue 
to the contrarye [The reading is doubtful; Rastell’s text 
(More's Wks. 1557 I. 48) omits that]. 1523 Lp. Berners 
Froiss. 1. ccxii. 257 He shall leaue them entierly to us, 
excepte that if ye Frenche kynges had theym by exchaunge 
for other landes. 2 7, 

b. as simple conj. The use of subjunct. or 
indic. follows the same rules as with Ir. 

+ - Customs of Malton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 
py Fiat gc prisoners for to delyver. 1526 Pi ler. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1 5am) 1 Harde it is for any persone..to perceyue 
the..dryfte of this treatyse..excepte they rede before... the 
two fyrst bokes. 1531 Act. 23 Hen. VI//, i. § 4 Every such 
person .. shall... abide in perpetuall prison. tibscape onely 
such person... do fynde two sufficiente suerties. 1641 
Winturor New Eng. (1826) Il. 43 He.. said he wo 
not go off the bench except he were commanded. 1678 C. 
Harton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 163, I desire not to meddle 
with y® mother, except -y™ will take y® boys. 1703 
Moxon Mech, Exerc. 252 Except my memory fails me, 
these are all. 1754 Ricnarpson Grandison (1781) IV, xix. 


9 Excep- 


373 


149 Nobody knows of the matter, except he has complained 


to my Brother. 1850 ‘l'eNnyson Jaz Mem. xciv, In vain 
shalt thou. .call The spirits..Except..thou too canst say, 
My spirit is at peace with all. 1872 Dasent Three to One 
I. 219 She never offered any one advice, except it were 
asked of her. 2 

ec. After except conj. the phrases 7 be, 7t were, 
etc., are often used instead of repeating the prin- 
cipal verb. 

1sor Suaks. 1 Hen. V/,1. i. 43 Ne’re throughout the yeere 
to Church thou go’st, Except it be to pray against thy foes. 
@ 1674 Mitron (Webster 1864), Except it be because her 
method is so glib and easy. 1812 Sournry Le?é. (1856) II. 
ae No drama... will be [written] except it be by the same 

and, 

3. Followed by an adv., phrase, or clause express- 
ing the particular manner, degree, time, place, 
means, purpose, attendant circumstance, etc., with 
regard to which the proposition is not applicable : 
Otherwise (or elsewhere, etc.) than. 

This construction may be regarded as an instance of the 
use of the prep. (see B. 1) with advb, phrase as obj., for which 
cf. expressions like ‘‘The cause was tried in London instead 
of at York.’ It may, however, have arisen from 2 by ellipsis : 
cf. similar use of zz/ess. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 53 The ordering 
whereof (except in Letters Excusatorie or Defensorie) is 
wholly exempted the course in those Letters prescribed. 
1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 11. i. 12, | would not change this hue, 
Except to steale your thoughts my gentle Queene. 1654 
Futter 7riana iil, He..affirms her disease mortal, except 
one herb procured for her, etc. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. IW. 
xxiv, Nor do I know how to prevent the course of jus- 
tice, except by paying the money myself. 1816 J. WiLson 
City of Plague 1. iii, A lone castaway .. Who hopes no resting- 
place except in heaven. 1857 Buckie Céziliz. I. xi. 632 So- 
ciety can have no hold on any class except through the 
medium of their interests. 1868 C. CLarke Relig. §& Duty 
70 The Apostle counted himself weak except as strengthened 
by the Spirit of God. 1877 F. Hari Eng. Ady. in -able 161 
Rely, Except metaphorically, has not a personal reference. 
Mod. The city was strongly fortified onall sides, except here. 

b. Lxceft for: exception being made for, were 
it not for, but for. 

+ Exce'ptance Os. rare—! [f. Excert v. + 
-ANCE.] = EXCEPTION. 

1603 W. Watson in Dodd Ch. Hist. of Eng. (1841) 1V. 
xxxii, None taking, nor imagining how to take, exceptance 
against the premises. ; 

Exceptant (ckse'ptant), a. and sé. [ad. L. ex- 
ceptant-em, pr. pple. of exceptare: sce EXCEPT v.] 

A. adj. That excepts ; taking exception. 

1846 WorcesTER cites Lp, ELpon. 1864 in Wexster ; and 
in mod. Dicts. , 

B. sd. One who excepts ; es. in Law, one who 
takes exception to some part of the proceedings 
in acourt, zse¢a/ly an accused person who excepts 
to a judge or juror. 

1697 Exceptions to Decree of Commissioners in Cuimb. & 
West. Archzxol. Soc. Trans. VIII. 98 The messuages and 
lands in the Exceptants possession. 

+ Excepta‘tion. Os. rave—!. [ad. late L. 
exceplation-em, n. of action f. excepidre to take 
out, receive: see Except v.] a. = EXcrption. 
b. ‘An often receiving’ (Bailey fo/’o 1730-6). 

1662 ALLESTREE Sev. I. 235 Because David went aside, 
and was upright with an Exceptation. 

Excepted (ekse'ptéd), pf/. a. and prep. [f. 
Except v. + -ED1,] 

A. fl. a. In senses of the vb. 

a1569 KincesmyLt A/an’s Est. v. (1580) 21 They eate of 
the excepted tree. 1649 Vicholas Papers (Camden) I. 132 
Articles contayning nothing in relacion to excepted persons 
but leave to transport themselves. 1667 Mitton P. Z. x1. 

26 Some. .who never touch’d Th’ excepted Tree. 1692 W. 

Lowti Vindication (1699) 54 The third instance of Excepted 
Cases. 1853 Maurice Proph. & Kings vii. 107 It is extremely 
rash. .to deduce the nature. .of prophecy from doubtful and 
excepted cases. 

absol, 21656 Br. Hatt Modest Offer Rem. Wks. (1660) 338 
All the Churches. .(who do all submit themselves to Bishops, 
or Superintendents, except the fore-excepted). 

+B. prep. = Excert B. 1. Ods. 

1559 Batpwin in Mirr. for Mag. (1563) E 1 b, The bluddy 
tyrant brought them all to ende Excepted me. 

Excepter (ckse‘pter). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
a. One who excepts or takes exception (to any- 
thing). + b.=Acceprer (cf. Except v. 6). Obs. 

1639 AinswortH Annot. Pentat. Advt. 7 It would be 
known of this Excepter.. whether he would have men 
alwaies to follow the word in the line, or in the margin. 
1642 RoGers Naaman 9 God is no excepter of persons, 
grace is free. | , e 

Exce tag J (ekse'ptin), v7. sb. [f. Except v. 

+-ING1,] The action of the verb Except. 

@ 1626 Bacon Yurisdict. Marches Wks. 1740 IV. 136 The 
excepting of that shire by itself doth fortify that, etc. 1634 
Sanverson Seri, II, 288 Here is no excepting against any 
witness: nor refusal of any judge. 

Excepting (ekse'ptin), Aref. and con. Also 
6-7 Sc. excepand, exceptand. [f.as prec + -ING2.] 

A. prep. 

1. quasi-sref. The pr. pple. of the vb. used 
absol. : = ‘Tf one excepts’. atte 

1549 Compl. Scot. xi. 95 Al the irland men ar sklauis til 
hym, excepand ane certan that kepis them sel on the strait 


EXCEPTION. 


2 Hen, VJ, 1. i. 193 Thy deeds .. Hath wonne the greatest 
fauour of the Commons, Excepting none but good Duke 
Humfrey. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 177 That no 
meetings be among the pastors without his Majestie’s con- 
sent, exceptand alwayes their ordinarie Sessions. 1693 Dry- 
DEN Persius Sat. v. 129 May I not live without Control or 
Awe, Excepting still the Letter of the Law? 1796 Ned 
Evans 1, 146 His neighbours. .excepting the article of cash, 
were..his equals. 1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 105 Of 
all societies .. not even excepting the Roman Republic, 
England has been the most emphatically. . political. 

2. Hence as simple prep.; With the exception 
of, except. 

1618 Hares Gold. Rem. (1688) 381 All young Persons, 
excepting my self. 1697 Cottirr Lss. Mor. Subj.t. iii. (1732) 
130 Excepting the Royal Family, they get but little by it. 
1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxxii, This was received with great 
approbation by all, excepting my wife. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India 11. v. iv. 431 They were in possession of the whole of 
Mysore, excepting the principal forts. 1863 Mary Howitr 
F. Bremer's Greece xvi. 149 Nothing to be seen on the 
place excepting some blocks of marble. 

B. con. 

1. With the exception of the fact hat; = 
cEpT C, 1. 

Mod. The copy is perfectly accurate, excepting that the 
accents are omitted. 

2. Unless ; = Except C, 2. 
with chat. 

1652 GavLe A/agastrom, xxvi, Neither doe any kind of 
men agree more together then astrologers and poets doe, 
excepting that they dissent about Lucifer and Vesper. ¢ 1714 
Lapy M. W. Montacve Let. to Mrs. Hewet, You see what 
stuff Iam forced to write, but to such I am compelled, 
excepting I should entertain you with York loves and 
piques. 1804 WeELLINGTON in Owen Disf. 286 Scindiah 
certainly could have done nothing excepting he could bring 
his brigades to Poonah. 

3. With adv. or phrase; =: ExceptC, 3. Now rare. 

@164r Br. Movunracu Acts & Alon. (1642) 463 Others 
[fasted], at evening : onely excepting in the weeke before 
Easter. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. u. iii. Rule iv, To it 
self onely it is to be imputed, excepting where the malice of 
the firstagent hath, etc, 1800 Mrs. Hervey Aourtray Man. 
I. 129 Lady Clannarmon (excepting when she forgot ime) 
provided for my maintenance. 1803 WELLINGTON in Owen 
Disp. 779 The exportation of British manufactures, except- 
ing of military stores, ought to be free. 1849 Sh. Nat. //ist., 
Mammalia WV. 54 Excepting during the rainy season these 
little animals can never taste fresh water. 

Exception (ekse‘pfan). Forms: 4-7 excep- 
cion, -cioun, 5-6 -cyon, 6 -tioun, 5— exception. 
[a. AF. excepctoun (Fr. exception), ad. L. excep- 
tzon-em, n. of action f. excipere to EXcert.] 

1. The action of excepting (a person or thing, 
a particular case) from the scope of a proposition, 
tule, etc.; the state or fact of being so excepted. 
Const. fron, to. 

¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. WY. 2653 Hypernmestra, A) 3oure 
wille..I shal fulfille So it to me be non confusioun. I nele 
quod he have non excepcioun. c1400 Rov. Rose 4087, 1 
shalle defende it.. Withouten ony excepcioun Of ech maner 
condicioun. 1861 tr. Calvin's 4 Godly Serm. i. D jb, Here 
is no exception or pretence of preuelege. 1709 STEELE Jatler 
No. 92 ® 1, I know no Manner of Speaking so offensive as 
that of giving Praise, and closing it with an Exception. 
1832 Lewis Use & Ab. Pol. Terms xi. 94 This exception of 
women and children from the whole community. 

“| The legal maxim, ‘ Exception proves (or con- 
firms) the rule in the cases not excepted’ (exceptio 
probat regulam in castbus non exceptis), which is 
in its original form an example of sense 1, is com- 
monly quoted as ‘ The exception proves the rule’, 
the sb. being interpreted in sense 2. 

(1617 Cottins Def Bp. Ely 100 Indefinites are equivalent 
to vniversalls especially where one exception being made, it 
is plaine that all others are thereby cut off, according to the 
mals Exceptio figit regulam in non exceptis.] 1640 G. Wats 
Bacon's Adv. Learn.vi. iii. Aph. 17s exception strengthens 
the force of a Law in Cases not excepted, so enumeration 
weakens it in Cases not enumerated. 1662 J. Witson 7he 
Cheats Pref., I think I have sufficiently justify’d the Brave 
man even by this Reason, That the exception proves the rule. 
1768 Jounson Pref. to Shaks. Wks. (1787) IX. 269 The ex- 
ception only confirms the rule, 1837 Gen. P. THomrson 
Exerc. (1842) 1V. 243 With a view of making (according to 
another of the expressions which I have heretofore found 
puzzling) one of ihaee exceptions which confirm the rule, 
1855 Jowett Zss. 468 We may except one solitary instance 
(an exception which eminently proves the rule). 

2. Something that is excepted ; a particular case 
which comes within the terms of a rule, but to 
which the rule is not applicable; a person or 
thing that does not conform to the general rule 
affecting other individuals of the same class. Const. 
t+ from, to. 

1483 Caxton Cato I vj b, This rewle is generalle wythout 
any excepcion. 1534 Wuitinton 7udlyes Offices 1. (1540) 
20 Nothynge is more accommodate .. to the nature of 
man, but it hath many cautions and excepcyons. 1590 
Swinpurne Jestanents 184 Of which rule, neuerthelesse 
there be diuers exceptions. 1639 Futter Holy War un. 
xxiv. (1840) 162 Egypt was an exception from the rules of 
all other Countries, 1785 Cowrer Ziroc. 841 Such rare 
exceptions, shining in the dark, Prove, rather than im- 
peach, thejustremark. 1829 A. W. FonpLanque Eng. under 
7 Adm. (1837) I. 280 Only a little exception from the amiable 
tenor of their conduct. 1839 G. Birp Nat. Phil. 153 The 
only exceptions to this ual diminution of the angle of 


Ex- 


Jn early use occas. 


montanis. 1§53 Brenpe Q. Curtius 107 b, He cc d 
the baggage. .to be brought together in one place excepting 
only such thinges as were very necessary. 1593 SHAKS. 


ion, app to have taken place in 1834. 1856 
SranLey Sinai & Pal. ii. (1858) aed Phenician cities sent 
forth their fleets. But they were the exception of the world. 


EXCEPTION. 


b. The exception (predicatively): something 
abnormal or unusual; contrasted with ¢he rule. 

1862 Stantey Few. Ch. (1877) 1. 366 The possession of the 
gift. .was the rule and not the exception. Mod. You occasion- 
ay get a comfortable bed; but it is quite the exception. 

. Phrases, partaking of senses 1 and 2. Zo 
make (an) exception; with (the) exception (of, that) ; 
without exception ; + in exception to. 

1391 Cuaucer Aséro/. u. § 34 Of comune, tretis of Astro- 
labie ne make non excepcioun wheyther the mone haue 
latitude, or non. c1430 Lypc. Compl. Bl. Kut. xxiii, He 
was .. without excepcioun, To _— of manhod, oon the 
best on lyve. 1529 More Sxpplic. Soulys Wks. 303/2 Ex- 
cepcion maketh he none, in this worlde. 1626 W, ScLaTer 
Exp. 2 Thess.(1629) 210 With exception of the crosse. ea 
Hoszes Leviath. u. xxvi, 140 A Law that obliges all the Su 
jects without exception. 1735 Pore £. Lady 275 Heav'n.. 
Blends in exception to all gen’ral rules Your Taste of Fol- 
lies, with our Scorn of Fools. 1777 Priestiey Matt. § Spir. 
(1782) I, xiv. 157 Here is no exception made of any part of 
the man that was not to die. 1778 Br. Lowru /saiah, Notes 
37 With exception. .of certain ugly rings. 1780 Burke Sf, 
Bristol. Wks, U1. 364 Promises were made..without any 
exception or reserve. 1817 Coterince Biog. Lit. (1882) 73 
With exception of one or two fundamental ideas. 1829 
Soutney Sir 7. More II. 300 In exception to the. . general 
course of feeling. 1841 Borrow Zincadi I. i. 221 All those in 
Badajoz were very poor, with the exception of one man. 

4. Law. [after L. exceptio in Roman Law; cf, 
Except v. 2.) a. A plea made by a defendant in 
bar of the plaintiff’s action; in Scots Law = 
Derence. Peremptory exception: one tending to 
the dismissal of the action. D¢/atory exception: 
one tending to arrest its progress. 
exception: a dilatory exception consisting in a 
denial of the jurisdiction of the court. b. An 
objection made to the ruling of a court in the 
course of a trial. ce. In Courts of Equity (ods. in 
England since 1875): An objection by the plaintiff 
to the defendant’s answer as insufficient. 

Bill of Exceptions: a statement of objections to the 
ruling or direction of a judge drawn up on behalf of the 
dissatisfied party, and submitted to a higher court. ‘This 


Declinatory | 


procedure still exists in Scotland; in England it was | 


abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873-5. 

[c x250 Bracton v. v. i, Sciendum quod exceptio est ac- 
tionis elisio per quam actio perimitur vel differtur. 1292 
Britton u. xvii. §1 En plusours maneres est ceste assise 
destourbe que ele ne soit tauntost prise, sicum par excep- 
cioun peremptorie, sicum .. et par exceptiouns dilatories.] 
1413 Lyve. Pilgr. Sowle 1. xviii. (1859) 19 Were it so that. .by 
thyn excepcyon I personelly shold not be herde in thys pre- 
sent Court. 1560 Daus tr. Slefdane’s Comm. 116.a, Hauing 
no exception, they were caried to Paris. 1560 RoLLanp 
Crt. Venus 1. 800 Charge him compeir. [With] exceptionis, 
and causis defensall (Gif he sic hes) that may himself 
supple. a1 Spenser State Jrel. Wks. 1862. V. 323 
(A fellon] may have fifty-six exceptions peremptory against 
the jurors. 1 Bentiey Phal. 397 The Defendant 
makes his exception to the Indictment, because he did not 
call him ’Avdpodovov, which was the Word that was penal 
by Law. a1715 Burnet Own Time (1724) I. w. 676 The 
first part of 1t was an exception to the authority of the 


Court. 1768 BLackstone Comm. 11. 372 This bill of excep- | 


tions is in the nature of an appeal; examinable..in the next 
immediate superior court, upon a writ of error. 1861 W. 
Beit Dict. Law Scot. s. v., Generally sj 
which one alleges for defending himself, and for eliding the 
action, is called an exception. 1877 C.C. Lancpety £g@uit, 
Pleading § 82 (Af the plaintiff thinks the answer insuffi- 
cient] he must except to it, 7.e. specify in writing the parts 
of the bill which are not sufficiently answered ; and there- 
upon the bill, answer, and exceptions are referred to a master. 

+ 5. transf. a. A plea tending to evade the force 
of an opponent’s argument. b. A formal objec- 
tion (to a proceeding, a person’s status or fitness 
for office, etc.). Obs. 

ry Cooper Answ. in Def. Truth (1850) 52 Men that 
make exception to his possession, and claim the right thereof 
themselves. 1593 Nasne Christ's T. 4a, That these ill 
Hus-band-men the Iewes, should haue no credible or trueth- 
like exception left them (that they tooke him for a counter- 
feit). 1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, 1, ii. 25 "Tis positiue against 
all exceptions .. That .. our Pesants..were enow To purge 
this field of such ahilding Foe. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. 
Med. 1, § 25, 1 cannot but wonder with what exceptions the 
Samaritans could confine their beliefe to the Pentateuch, 
1663 Evetyn Diary (1827) II. 212 The chapel dore.. was 
then set open for any to enter and give their exceptions. 
1689 Col. PS Pénnsylv. 1. 266 More time should have been 
allowed for their appearing to make their Exceptions. 

+6. Objection, demur, faultfinding; an instance 
of this, an objection, adverse criticism, complaint. 
Obs. or arch. exc. in phrases: see 7. 

1571 Hanmer Chron, /rel. (1633) 17 Many exceptions were 

le against them. 1611 Biste 7vansl. Pref. 4 To 
themselues to many exceptions and cauillations. 1614 Set- 
DEN Titles Hon. 143 Diogenes presently gaue it to his sweet- 
heart Lysiodos, and shee without exception ware it. 1 
Gunnino Lent Fast 1 The Pharisees. .came to our Saviour, 
and by way of exception said, ‘Why do the disciples of 
io -fast?’ 1667 Perys Diary (1879) 1V. 245 Sir C. Sed- 
¢y’s exceptions against both words and pronouncing were 
very pretty. 1703 Rules Civility 31 Fooling..which pro- 
duces exception and quarrels many times. 1738 Bircu 
Milton's Wks., Life U. 18 The Exception to Milton's Piety 
relates to his being a Protestant, 1767 BLackstone Comm. 
II. 57 It being .. unreasonable, that the lord should extend 
his protection to a person to whom he had exceptions, 
+b. Dislike, dissatisfaction. Ods. rare. 
3602 SHaxs. Ham. vy, ii, 242 What I haue done That 

might your nature, honour, and exception Roughly awake, I 
heere proglaime was madnesse, 


king, everything | 


374 


+e. A groufid of objection; something that is 
or mer be objected to. Ods, 
1633 Br. Hau Hard Texts, N. T. 110 The disciples neade 
no open completes. of the Bowes enepics sak aaa 1645 
Direct. : 


no just exception, shall be 
Hurcuinson Mem, Col. 
i i in his own person. 


7. Phrases belonging to sense 6. a. Above, be- 
yond, + greater than, without (all) exception: 
above, etc., cavil, reproach, or suspicion. 

1475 Caxton Yason 24 b, She that is veraily withoute ony 
excepcion. 1641 J. Jackson 7rue Evang. 7.1. 48 A grand 
Witnesse of their own, greater than exception. 1661 co 
HALL Yust Vind, vii. 171, 1 produce two witnesses beyond 


c 
utchinson (1846) 247 lates no 


exception. 1710 BerxeLey Princ. Hum. Knowl. 1. § 10 
Demonstrate beyond all exception. 1780 Burke Sf. Bristol 
Wks, III. 388 He is a witness without exception, 


b: Liable, open, subject to exception, 

1658 BramMuHatL Consecr. Bps. vii. 156 An Adversaries Tes- 
timony .. is subject to exception and makes no full proofe. 
1765 IT. Hutcuinson Hist. Col. Mass. 1. 147 A declaration 
-- which in some parts of it is liable to exception. 1818 
Haram Mid, Ages (1872) I. p. v, The treatise of Nathaniel 
Bacon, itself open to much exception. 1835 I. Taytor Sfir. 
Despot. vi. 255 Motion. .liable to the most serious exception. 
1842 W. Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 74 The applications I 
have made of these terms may be open to some excep- 
tion. 

ce. To take (an) exception (+ exceptions) against, 
at, tof, to, tunto: to make objection to, find 
fault with, disapprove ; also (chiefly with a¢), to 
take offence at. Formerly sometimes without 
prep., Zo take (an) exception; to make (an) ob- 
jection, to object or complain (¢hat). 

Now only with the obj. an action, statement, quality, etc., 
not a person or material thing. 

1542 Hen. VIII Declar. Scots 204 The Scottis wyl take ex- 
ception to the homages of theyr prynces. 1561 T. Norton 
Calvin's Inst. 1. 24 If any man take exception, and say, etc. 
1591 Suaks. Two Gent. v. ii. 3 7h. What saies Siluia to my 
suit? Pro. Oh Sir .. she takes exceptions at your person. 
1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. vii.(1611) 196 Not able .. to take 
any strong exception against, 1621 Burton Anat, Mel. 1. 
ii. 1. i. (1651) 232 Galen takes exception at Mutton. 1662 J. 
Barcrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 15 They took exceptions of 
the quality of Illustrissimo. a@ 1674 CLarenvon Hist. Red. 
xu. (1704) IIL. 238 There were not two Persons .. who did 
not take some exception to it. _a@1703 Burkitt On N. 7. 
Mark ii. 12 Observe, the exception which the scribes took 
against our Saviour. 1715 T. Bennet £ss. 39 Art. 215 
The animadvertor’s stationer taketh exception, that I have 
printed all his book. 1822 Edin. Rev. No. 74. 361 We must, 
as good Presbyterians take an exception to .. the assertion. 
1855 Prescott Philip 1, iv. (1857) 60 Some of the more 
haughty of the aristocracy did take exception at his neglect- 
ing to raise his cap tothem. 1868 G. Durr Pol. Surv. 190 
Exception has, . been taken to these figures. 

g 8. Erron. for Accertion. Cf. Except v. 6. 

1382 Wyciir Ecclus. xx. 24 Forsothe bi excepcioun of 
persone he shal leese hymself. 1607 Norpen Surv. Dial. 
Aivb, With the sweat of thy face thou shalt eate thy 
bread..And this without exception of persons. 

+ Exce'ption, v. Ovs. rare. [f. prec, (AF. 
had excefctoner in sense 1).] 

1. intr. To lodge or state an exception. 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 184 There is no demurring, 
or exceptioning against his testimony. 

2. ¢rans. To except (in quot. pr. pple. used adsol. : 
cf, EXCEPTING frep. 1). 

1656 Hosses tr. Wadlis in Six Less. iv. Wks. 1845 VII. 
290 He was the worst geometrician of all mortal men, not 
exceptioning so much as Orontius. 


os ahem (ekse‘pfanab’l), a. [f. prec. + 
~ABLE. 

1. That may be excepted against; open to ob- 
jection. Now chiefly with negative words. 

1691 Ray Creation 1.(1714) 45 Asthe theory. .is built wholly 
on a false supposition, so is it all along precarious and excep- 
tionable. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 279 ® 5 This Passage I 
look upon to be the most eacepelomaben in the whole Poem. 
rd De Lotme Eng. Const. 1. xii. 123 note, The depositions 
of those witnesses who are adjudged upon trial to be exce 
tionable, are set aside. 1837 J. D. Lanc New S. Wales I. 
35 The Female Factory at Paramatta has... been under most 
a management ; insomuch as to have proved an 
absolute nuisance. 1870 ANpERrson Missions Amer. Bd. 111. 
x. 157 The Greek priest led the way..chanting the funeral 
dirge, in which there was nothing exceptionable, 

b. of persons. Ods. 

1754 Ricnarpson Grandison (1781) 1. xxv. 175 Greville is 
sure v — ionable as he is) a better man, 1813 L.xaminer 
8 Feb. 88/2 The ladies in that piece, though very exception- 
able, are of a stamp far above his Angelica. 

q 2. Occasionally misused for ExceprionaL, 
1801 W. Dupré Fr. Dict. in F, Hall Mod. Eng. (18 
zor To add an exceptionable article to a law. 
Mitter Sch. & Schme, (1858) 381 A time .. in which even 


Exceptional (ekse:pfonal), 2. [f. Exception 
5b, 4+-AL: cf. F,exceptionnel.] Of the nature of or 


forming sn capt 5 out of the ordinary course, 
un y i 


ORCESTER cites Q. Rev. 1852 Disraewt 3 Dec. in 
i Sop allen pre mma Ae 


1846 W 

Sel. Sp. 1. 369 As regards its financial condi 

has been in a state. 1861 Dickens Gt. 
Expect, vi, The subject .. ceased to be mentioned saving on 
ex: nal 1868 M. Parrison Academ. Org. v. 
121 founders of the thirt 1} 

of them exceptional men. 
8x records 


ges .. were al all 
ers Scrivener Lect. Grk, Test, 


ment the endidany then ora 
b. Const. from. rare. 


Hence Exce’ptionalness. 


1886 Spectator 28 Aug. 1142 It is not the meritoriousness 
but the ptionalness of the achi t which makes the 
few willing to attempt it. 1889 Tavsor in Lux Mundi (ed. 
10) 137 If we still pl that our sense of wi stipulates 
for exceptionalness. 

Ex ty (ekse:pfoneeliti). [f. prec. + 
-ITY.] Exceptional character or quality ; £/, things 


exceptional: 

1854 Hawtuorne Eng, Note-bks. (1879) 1. 79 The coroner 
re a kind of formality and orderliness .. al «Hy - balances 
the exceptionalities with which he had to deal. 1872 Con- 
temp. Rev. XX. 383 The exceptionality of the boon. .helped 
to deepen the dreariness. 1890 //: s Mag. June 44/2 
We bered the ptionality of his position, 
Exceptionally (ekse‘pfonali), adv. [f. as 
prec. + -LY2.] 

1. In an exceptional manner or degree ; uncom- 
monly, unusually, unusually well. 

1848 T. Sincratr The Mount 58 This critic. .is exception- 
ally wise in practical matters. 1879 WaLLAcE Austradas. 
x. 212 In its animal life this colony is .. not exceptionally 
rich in species. 1881 A/acm. Mag. XLIII. 436/2 Music .. 
too shadowy in outline to be grasped by the uninitiated, un- 
less very exceptionally perform 

2. By way of exception ; as an exception to rule 
or custom. 

1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 144 Such has been, not 
exceptionally, the history of the Systematists. 1866 
CartyLe £. /rving 106 The official .. invited us exception- 
ally in for an actual inspection of his theodolite. 
Mickietuwaite Mod, Par. Churches 36 Western galleries 
should be but exceptionally used in parish churches. 

Exce (ekse‘pfonari), a. rare. [f. Ex- 
CEPTION +-ARY!.] a. Of or pertaining to an ex- 
ception (see EXCEPTION 1) ; indicative of an excep- 
tion. b. = EXCEPTIONAL. 

1783 J. Scorr Crit, Ess. Eng. Poets (1785) 283 The ex- 
ceptionary ‘all but’ includes..an aged repit matron. 
a CartyLe Latter-d, Pamph. viii. 23 Silent exceptionary 
individuals. _ 

+ Exce'ptioner. Os. rare—'. [f. Excerrion 
v.+-ER!.] One who takes exception, or objects 
(to anything) ; an objector, 


there was no thought taken, 

+ Exce'ptionist. 0O¢s. rare—', [f. Excer- 
TION sb. + -I8T.] = 

1689 Def. Liberty agst. Tyrants 53, 1... demand of such 
Exceptionists, whether .. magistrates have lost their right. 

Exce ess (ekse'pfonlés), a. [f. as prec. 
+-LEss.] Without an exception; not admitting 
of an exception. 

1782 Burke Let. Penal Laws Wks. VI. 274 The bill. .is.. 
a renewed act of. .indispensable, —— isqualifica- 
tion. 1854 Fraser's Mag. XLIX. 73 It is only in that 
we can realize..such a moment of universal, i imi 
..exceptionless deification. 1867 Macrarren Harmony vi. 
(1876) 215 General, uniform and exceptionless. 

eee us (ekse'pfas), a. [f. EXcEPri-on + 
-ous, after the analogy of captious. 
to make objections ; cavil 

1602 W. Bas Sword § Buckler B ij, While those that 


are done must alwaies lye, As obiects to a nice exceptious 


captious. 


g 


they were the best in their kind. 1850 
Polloe 


.-Were so rare and exceptionable, that they 
a scarce appreciable place in Nature. 1874 Motiey Sar- 
neveld i, Xx. 336, The fact that he had not been stretched 
upon the _ uring his trial was complacently mentioned 
a proof of excep e. 
uasi-sd. 1844 Turrer 7wins xviii, How silly and harm- 

ful a thing is secresy (exceptionables excepted), 
Hence Exce’ptionableness ; Exce*ptionably 


adv. 

1664 H. More Myst. /nig. 336 The .. exceptionableness 
of his division of the duration of the world into seven 
Ages. 1820 Hazurt Lect. Dram. Lit. 179, 1 suspect that 
the exceptionableness of the subject is that which consti- 
tutes the chief merit of the play. 


Hence Exce’ptiousness. aX 
a 1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. (1 ) I. 8 It [admonition] be- 
comes unsavory di es les a d, 
malitious, , a scary ne s. 1688 CoLLizr oo ogee fr Dise. 
) | (xzas) 3x pirits .. are too ve any- 
1854 rs thing 7 Beate. or — i ~ them. a@1716 
Y ( . ix. 1, d by an 
i inane heencass ofmen. 1818 in Topp, etc. 


“ptiv), a. and sd. [ad. late L. 
exceptiv-us, f. except- ppl. stem of excipére; see 
Excert v. Cf. OF. exceptif.] A. adj. 

1. Logic, etc. a. Of a word, esp. a particle; 
That introduces an exception. 

[a 1249 W. Suyreswoop in Prantl Gesch. Logik U1. 21 
Postquam dictum est de signis et de dictionibus exceptivis 


EXCEPTLESS, 


«.convenienter dicendum est de hac dictione ‘solus’,] 1624 
H. Mason Art of Lying v. A That which this sentence 
doth deny of the Sonne, it doth by vertue of the exceptiue 
particle adioyned, affirme of the Father; No man, no nor 
the Sonne doth know it, but the Father. 1659 /wstruct. 
Oratory (1682) 108 (T.) It is to be inferred either by a con- 
junction, causal, illative, exceptive, etc. 1751 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. s. v. Conjunction, Exceptive Conjunctions are, if it be 
not. .unless that, etc. — sf 

b. Of a proposition: That has a specified ex- 
ception attached to the subject; e.g. Nothing on 
earth but man is great. 

{a 1347 W. Occam in Prantl Gesch. Logik U1. 409, Circa 
exceptivas est sciendum, quod ex omnibus  exceptivis in 
prima figura non sequitur conclusio exceptiva.] 1563-87 
Foxe A. & M, (1596) 13/2 The proposition is not exceptiue, 
excluding other apostles. 1725 Watts Logic 111. ii. § 4 Ex- 
ceptive Propositions will make complex Syllogisms. 1870 
Jevons Logic vii. 68 Exceptive propositions. 2 

e. Of a clause, law, etc.: Making an exception, 
excepting something from a general rule. 

1643 Mitton Divorce u. v. (1851) 74 A dispensation .. is 
rather a particular and exceptive law absolving and disoblig- 
ing from a more general command. 1837 LockHarr Scott 
(1839) VI. 37 note, The hostile critic selected for exceptive 
encomium one ‘old Jacobite strain’. 1856 Froupe //is¢. 
Eng. 1. 416 An exceptive clause introduced into the act. 
1884 L. Peet in Law Times 7 June 104/1 This is again 
the application of the exceptive distinction. 

2. Of persons and their utterances: Disposed or 
tending to take exception ; hypercritical, captious. 

1w62zx W. Sciater Tythes (1623) 197 His proceedings, 
though too too exceptiue, yet such as, being yeilded, in- 
ferred nothing against the Diuine ius for Tithing. 1858 
Chamb, Frnl. X. 280 Any exceptive persons who are not 
inclined to rest satisfied with appearances and authorities. 
1861 Tuttocn Eng. Purit. iii. 374 His criticisms. .show his 
singularly exceptive, and over-curious logic. 

= EXCEPTIONAL, 

1849 F. W. Newman Sou/ 168 This is. .an exceptive case. 

. sb. [The adj. used adsol.] Logic. An excep- 
tive word or proposition. Cf. A. ra and b. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 20/2 Yet upon his exclusiues 
and negatiues, this exceptiue must needs be inferred. 1579 
FuLke Heskins’ Parl. 174 The scriptures that say Christ is 
in h p without exclusi or exceptiues. 163 
T. Apams Ex. 2 Peter i. 10 All these exceptives, ‘but’, 
‘notwithstanding’, ‘nevertheless’, are against us. 1864 
Bowen Logic v. 145 These [Exponibles] are divided into 
Exclusives, Exceptives and Restrictives. : 

Hence Exce‘ptively adv., in an exceptive man- 
ner or sense. Excepti'vity, sovce-wd., readiness 
to make exceptions (from rules of conduct). 

1609 J. Raynotps Agst. Bellarmine (1610) 5 If the worde 
be taken exceptively, yet may it be an exception negative. 
r6ax W. SciaTerR T7ythes (1623) 39 They are exceptiuely or 
disiunctiuely only allotted. Contemp. Rev. XV. 447 
Milverton, They do not know when to make the exceptions. 
Ellesmere. Exceptivity (I like to coin a new word) requires 
so much moral courage. . 

+ Exce'ptless, 2. Obs. vare—'.  [irreg. f. 
Excerpt v. + -LESS.] Making no exception; ex- 
tending to all. 

1607 SHaKs. Timon WW. iii. 502 Forgiue my generall, and 
exceptlesse rashness. 

secon Sad (ekse'ptd1, -a1). Obs, exc. Hist. 
(sense 2 b). [a. late L. exceptor, agent-n. f. excipére : 
see Except v.] 

+1. One who objects or takes exception (to any- 
thing) ; an objector. Ods. = EXCEPTER a. 

a 1641 Br. Mounracu Acts § Mon. (1642) 211 Were such 
upstart Exceptors to deale with Atheists..how should a 
man proceed? 1679 PuLLER Moder. Ch. Eng. (1843) 155 
Those very exceptors are Lage Sine the Romanists. 1 
T. Burnet Ans, Except. Th. Earth 1, 1 shall .. follow the 
learned Exceptor from Chapter to Chapter. 1755 in Joun- 
son; hence in mod. Dicts. F 

2. +a. A reporter, short-hand writer. Ods.—° 
b. Hist. An officer in the Court of Chancery under 
the later Roman Empire. 

1674 Biount Glossogr., Exceptor, he that writes ones 
words as he speaks them; a gatherer. [Hence 1692-1732 
inCores]. 1728 H. Herserttr. Fleury’s Eccl. Hist. 11. 16 
An officer belonging to the Proconsul .. who seems to be 
one of those. .called Exceptors or Clerks of the court. 

+Exceptorrious, a. 0s.-° [f. late L. ex- 
ceptort-us serviceable for receiving (f. exctpére: 
see EXCEPT v.) +-(1)ous.] ‘ That receives or con- 
tains’ (Bailey /ol/7o 1730-6). Hence 1775 in Asn. 

Excercitation, Excercite: see ExErc-. 

+ Exce'rebrateéyz. Obs. [f. L. excerebrat-, ppl. 
stem of excerebréare, f. ex- out + cerebr-um brain. ] 

1. trans. To clear out from the brain or mind, 

62x S. Warp Life of Faith (ed. 2) vii, Hath it [faith] not 
soueraigne vertue in it to excerebrate all cares, expectorate 
all feares and griefes? F 

2. To beat out the brains of. 

1623-6 in CockERAM. 1721-1800 in BAILry. 

Also Exce'rebrate, a. [ad. L. excerebrat-us] (see 
quot.). Exce'rebrated, #//. a. [+ -ED!] (see 
quot.). Excerebra‘tion [+ -aTION]. a. (see 
quot. 1721-1800). b. (see quot. 1884). 

1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Excerebrate, delirious, out of his 
mind. 1736 Batley, Zxcerebrated, having his brains beat 
out; wanting brains, witless. 1775 in AsH. 1721-1800 
Battey, Excerebration, a beating out ones Brains. 1884 Syd. 
Soc. Lex. Excerebration, the removing of the contents of 
the skull, the brain, and the other structures. Also, a term 
which has been used to designate abnormal Cerebration. 


375 
+ Exce‘rebrose, a. Ods.-° [f. Ex- pref) + 


L. cerebr-um brain+-OsE.] (See quot.) 

1 Baitey (folio), Zxcerebrose, brain-sick, wanting 
brains. Hence 1775 in Asu, etc. 

+ Exce'rn, v. Ods. Also 6-7 -cerne. [ad. L. 
excern-ére, f. ex- out + cernére to sift.] = EXcrEeTE. 

1. trans. Of animals and plants, or their organs: 
To separate (waste matter) from the blood or sap, 
preparatory to discharging from the system. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 542 The Moss of trees is a kind of 
hair; for it is the juice of the tree that is Excerned. 1691 
Ray Creation (1714) 294 ‘The Humours excerned by Sweat 
and Urine are near akin, if not the same. 1737 Bracken 
farriery (1763) 47 The Serum of the Blood ..1s excerned 
or separated by the Glands. 1738 D. Bayne Gout ror The 
dissolution of such particles .. carries them through the 
fine strainers in order to be excerned. 

absol, E 
Exercise are .. that it helpeth to Excerne by Sweat. 1677 
Hate Print. Orig. Man. 1. 1 30 That Soul .. digests, 
sanguifies, carnifies, excerns. 

2. To discharge, void (an excrement, secretion). 

1578 Banister //ist. M/an v. 72 That the dregges..might 
be duly excerned or auoyded. 1650 H. Brooke Conserv. 
Health 183 Phlegm that is excerned by the mouth. 1691 
Ray Creation (1701) 166 Such an unguent or Pap prepared, 
such an open vessel to excerne it into, to receive it. 

Excernent (eksd:nént), a. [ad. L. excernent- 
em, pr. pple. of excernére: see Excern.] = Ex- 
CRETORY. 

1836 Topp Cyc?. Anat. I. 798/1 Derangements of the. .ex- 
cernent organs. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Exce'rp, v. Obs. [ad. L. excerp-cre: see Ex- 
CERPT v,] = EXCERPT v. I. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 45/2 Of this Melito, Euse- 
bius .. excerpeth certeine places of his apologie. «a 1640 
pace Creed x1. xliv. Wks. XI. 311 Out of this tractate.. 

imself had excerpt the two next foreprinted sermons. 1697 
Motyneux in Locke's Lett. (1708) 241 If their lordships 
should think fit to excerp anything out of those papers. 

+ Excerpt, pf/e. Ols. In5 excerpte. [ad. L. 
excerpt-us, pa. pple. of excerpéve: see EXCERPT v.] 
Excerpted, extracted, selected. 

1432-50 tr. Wigden (Rolls) I. 7 Y.. intende to compile a 
tretys of the state of the yle of Breteyne, excerpte of diuerse 
labores of auctores. 

Excerpt (eksorpt, eksd-1pt), 5. Also 8 ex- 
cerp, 7-8 L. f/. excerpta. [ad. L. excerpt-um, 
neut. of pa. pple. of excepcre: see EXCERPT v.] 

1. A passage taken out of a printed book or 
manuscript; an extract, quotation, selection. 

@ 1638 Mevre Par. 2 Pet. ili. App. Wks. III. 618 Some 
Excerpta out of the Fathers concerning the Renovation of 
the World. 1638 Rouse Heav. Univ. Advt. (1702) 3 Excerpts 
out of all the Greek and Latin Fathers. 1704 HEaRNE 
Duct. Hist.(1714) 1. 150 An Epitome of the latter xx Books 
.. is also Extant .. And also noble Excerpta by one Theo- 
dosius. 1706 Sippatp Hist. Picts in Misc. Scot. 1. 91 The 
excerpts of the old register of St. Andrew calleth him a 
bishop, and his companions Clerks, 1817 SoutHey Let. 17 
Apr., Papers from the ‘Quarterly Review,’ together with 
certain excerpts from the ‘Register.’ 1876 M. Davirs 
Unorth. Lond, 8 Mr. Conway read ..an excerpt from one 
of Mazzini’s Orations. 1882 J. T. Fowrer Mem. Ripon 1. 
1. (Aeadline) Excerpts from Chronicles. 

2. Anarticle from the ‘Transactions’ of a learned 
society or from a periodical, printed off separately 
for private circulation. Cf. offprint. 

This sense has long been in use in the official correspond- 
ence of learned societies (Royal Society, Society of Anti- 
quaries, etc.), but does not appear to be generally current. 

1883 Proc. Royal Soc. 369 List Presents, [An author 
sends several works, of which the titles are quoted.] And 
fourteen other Excerpts. 1889 /did. 252 Excerpt. [Added 
in brackets to the title of a work presented.] 

3. In etymological sense: A thing picked out. 
rare. 

1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II, 15 The emperor had a 
large silver dish, the filling of which. .occasioned wholesale 
slaughter ; his excerpts being insignificant parts of various 
small and rare birds and fishes. 

Excerpt (ekss-1pt), v. [f. L. excerpt- ppl. stem 
of excerpére, f. ex- out + carpére to pluck.] 

1. trans. To cull out (passages, phrases, etc.) ; 
to take out as an extract ; to extract, quote. Also 
absol. to make extracts. 

¢1536 Wotsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. . 99 I. 21 A Copy 
of certain Articles and Clauses excerpted and taken out of 
the Popes Letters. 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 11. 105 This close 
note I excerpted. a 1662 Heviin Laxd ii. (1671) 301 He 
had excerpted and laid by many notes and precedents. 
1851 CarLyLe Sterling wu. ili, (1872) 113 An affectionate and 
eloquent notice of him; which .. was excerpted into the 
newspapers also. 1865 — Fredk. Gt. 1X. xx. x. 193 The 
Book we excerpt from is Mémoires du Comte de Hordt. 
1874 Manarry Soc. Life Greece ix. 281 Athenzus. .excerpted 
largely in this direction. 

+2. In etymological sense: To pluck out; to 
abstract, remove ; also fig. Ods. 

1538 Letanp /¢in. IV. 64 Thinges excerpted out of the 
East Glasse Window of our Lady Chappell, 1607 Torsett 
Fours. Beasts 429 Which Musk being excerpted before it 
be ripe, smelleth strongly and eepeeently. c 1612 DonnE 
Biadavaros (1644) 23 Every branch which is excerpted from 
other authors and engrafted here, is not, etc, 

{| b. To take out, eliminate. vave, 

188: J. Payne Villon’s Poems Introd. 22 If one should 
excerpt from their verse its accidental local colouring. 

Hence Excerpted //. a. 


| 
| 
| 


1626 Bacon Sylva § 299 The Benefits that come of 


EXCESS. 


1818 G. S. Faser Hore Mosaicz 11, 192 Excerpted par- 
ticles of the pure and ethereal light. 

Excerptible (eksd1ptib’l), @. [f. prec. + 
-IBLE.]_ That admits of being excerpted ; suitable 
to make extracts or selections from. 

1880 Atheneum 11 Dec. 74/3 What is to be said as to 
the exclusion of Flaubert, who is easily excerptible ? 1883 
Pall M. G. r June 4/2 Such students are never likely to be 
the majority. For others Goethe is certainly ‘excerptible’, 

Exce‘rpting, vé/. sd. [f. as prec. + -1nG1.] 
The action of the vb. Excerpt ; an instance of it. 

1867 CarLyLe Remin. 11. 55 My time, with little ‘Goethe’ 
papers and excerptings .. went more prosperously than 
before. E 

Excerption (eksd1pfon), [ad. L. excerption- 
em, n. of action f. excerpere: see EXCERPT v,] 

1. The action of excerpting, making selections 
from (a book, manuscript, etc.». 

1883 Pall Mall G. 13 Nov. 5/1 Mr. Buchanan is a writer 
exceptionally suited for excerption and revision. 

2. concr. An extract from a book, document, 
etc. Also, formerly, a collection of extracts. 

The Excerptions of Egbert: a work with the title Lacerp- 
tiones e dictis et canonibus sanctorum patrum, errone- 
ously ascribed to Egbert, Abp. of York. 

@1618 RateicH (J.), Times have consumed his works, 
saving some few excerptions, 1635 Prynne Unbish. Tim, 
(1661) 73 Egbert Archbishop of York..made a collection or 
excerption out of the Canons of sundry antient Councils. 
1662 More Philos. Writ, Pref. Gen. (1712) 23 A Book of 
Excerptions out of Origen’s Writings. 1709 J. JoHNson 
Clergym. Vade M, 1.156 Many of the Excerptions of Eg- 
bert were transcribed from it. 1776 G. CamrpeLt Philos. 
Khet, (1801) I. 1, ii. 66 A needless multiplicity of excerptions. 

Excerptive (eksouptiv), a. [f. Excerrr v. + 
-IvE.] Inclined to excerpt; characterized by ex- 
cerption. 

1860 Worcester cites MACKENZIE. 

+ Exce'rptor. Oés. [a. L. excerpior, agent-n. 
f. excerpére: see EXCERPT v.] One who excerpts 
or makes extracts (from a book, etc.). 

1683 J. Barnarp Lift /eylin 12, I have not been surrep- 
titious of whole pages together..and appropriated them to 
myself without any Mark..I am no such Excerptor, 

Excerse, obs. form of EXERCE. 

Excess (ekse's). Also 4-7 excesse, 5-6 exces, 
(5 exesse, 6 excysse). [ad. F. exces, ad. L. ex- 
céss-us, n. of action f. excedére to EXCEED.] 

+1. In literal sense: The action of going out or 
forth ; adjournment (of Parliament). Ods. rare. 

©1450 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker, 581 Eacessus, excesse, pas- 
synge oute. 1621 Ersinc Debates Ho. Lords App. (Camden) 
131 That they be accquainted that ‘Tuesday should be the 
day of excesse. 

tb. fig. Departure fom custom, reason, etc. Obs. 

1709 STEELE Tatler No, 51 P 2 In all these glorious Ex- 
cesses from the common Practice, did the happy Orlando 
live..in an uninterrupted Tranquility. 1738 Connon Sense 
(1739) IL. 84 Other fashionable Excesses from Reason. 

+e. Lxcess (incorrectly access ; cf. ACCESS g, 10) 
of mind, soul, also simply excess: = L, excessus 
ments, ecstasy, trance, stupefaction. Ods. 

1382 Wyc.ir Acts x, 10 An axcess of soule, or rauysching 
of spirit [v. 7. mynde] felon hym. /éd. xi. 5, I was in the 
citee of Ioppe preiynge, and I sy3 in excess of my soule a 
visioun, 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 270 b, Saynt 
Peter was in excesse of mynde in the house of Symon 
Coryar. /did. 271, 1 sayd in myne excesse, euery man is a 
lyer. 1582 NV. 7. (Rhem.) Acts x. 10 There fel vpon him 
an excesse of minde. 1609 Biste (Douay) 2 £sdvas xiii. 
30 He shal come in excesse of minde upon them [1611 to 
the astonishment of them] that inhabite the earth. 

+2. ‘Violence of passion’ (J.); extravagant or 
rapturous feeling; unrestrained manifestation of 
grief. Ods. 

1423 Jas. I King?s Q. cxliv, Off thy distresse and excesse 
to haue reuth..I will [hir] ip! full faire. 1509 Hawes 
Past. Pleas. xxx.xxx, La Bell Pucell must love you ever- 
more, Which for her sake.. Doth such actes by chyvalrous 
exces. 1724 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 120 The Priests 
under the Old Testament were, bya particular law, guarded 
against excesses upon the death of their relations. 1742 
Cotuins Ode iii, To Simplicity 44 Tho’ taste, tho’ genius, 
bless To some divine excess. 1775 in AsH. 1818 in Topp. 

The action of overstepping (a prescribed 
limit), going beyond (one’s authority, rights, etc.) ; 
an instance of this. Chiefly in Law. 

1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 248 She exceeded her 
power, in appointing to the issue of the son; and there 
fore the excess was void. 1891 Daily News 28 Jan. 3/2 
Judges of courts of law .. did not notice excess of jurisdic+ 
tion on the part of the House. | 

+4. Extravagant violation of law, decency, or 
morality ; outrageous conduct. Ods. 

¢1386 Cuaucer JZe/id. » 563 Ye shul venge yow..by the 
lawe and noght by excesse ne by outrage. ¢ 1425 WYNTOUN 
Cron, vit. xxiv. 161 Punysyd exces and trespas. 1480 Cax- 
ton Chron. Eng. i. (1520) 20 b/t Two were chosen that yf 
ony of theym wolde make ony excesse the other sholde 
governe hym. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 140 b, Be 
sory for your fall, and do due penaunce after the qualite and 
quantite of your excesse. ¢ 1630 Mitton Ode Circumcision, 
The full wrath beside Of vengeful justice bore for our ex- 
cess. 1682 Evetyn Diary (1827) III. 76 This excesse of 
making churches charnel-houses, 1791 Cowper Odyss. 111, 
262 Ah..that I..the deeds Might punish of our suitors whose 
excess Enormous,.I feel. 4 

b. An instance of this; an outrage. Chiefly f/. 
Now with mixture of sense 5. 


EXCESS. 


Orig. Man. u. pe The great .. Gove’ 


. H. 

Newman Hist. Sk. I. 1. iii. 139 Their excesses seem to have 
been inferior to those which provoked them. 

5. The overstepping the limits of moderation ; 
an instance of this: a. ger. 

1ss2 Huvotr s. v., Excesse in aduauncyng or depressyng, 
as truer then God, falser then the Deuyil. 1594 Hooker 
Eccl. Pol, w. viii. (1611) 143 To draw men aon geet ex- 
cesse, it is not amiss. 1655 Dennam C i, One 
excess Made both, by striving to be greater, 1752 Hume 
Ess. & Treat. (1777) 1. 193 Excess in lore. sapere a man 
beyond himself. 1794 Mrs. Rapcuirrr ALyst. Udolpho. ii, 
Allexcess is vicious. 1829 The Bengallee 182 The Hookah’s 
monstrous snake .. That of eastern Luxury’s excess. 
1878 Morey Carlyle 163 Excess .. leads people into 
emotional transports. . 7 ae 

b. sfec. Intemperance in eating or cir 2 

¢ 1386 CHaucer Pard. 7.514 How manye maladyes folwen 
of excesse and of glotonyes. 1430 Lypa. in Pol. Rel. & L. 
Poems (1866) 25 With holy men speke of holynesse .. With 
drownkyn men do surfettes by excesse. Ft Gude & Godlie 
Ball. 17 We pray his godly Maiestie To blys our meit..And 
saif vs fra exces and drunkinnes. 1662 B. Durra Rules Devot. 
(1675) 84 The body, once heavy with Excess and Surfeits, 
hangs plummets on the nobler part. 1722 Wottaston Relig. 
Nat. iv. 64 It is also in his power to forbear excess in eating 
and drinking. 1840 Barua /ugol. Leg., SpectreTappington, 
Apoplexy, induced by the excesses of the preceding night. 
1859 O. W. Hotmes Punch-bowl Poems 271 "Tis but the fool 
that loves excess ; hast thou a drunken soul? 


6. The fact of exceeding something else in 
amount or degree; preponderance. ‘Also the 
fact of surpassing or excelling others (0és.). Zz 
excess of: to a greater amount or degree than. 


a1618 Rateich Maxims St. (1651) 64 An excellency or 
excess above the rest, either in honour, wealth, or virtue. 


1704 Newton Oftéics 1. 1. (1721) 127 Rays .. retain their | 


colorific Fave pai by which those of any sort do by their Ex- 
cess and Predominance cause their proper Colour to appear. 
1756 Burke Suédl. & B. Introd. Wks. I. 112 In things whose 
excess is not judged by greater or smaller, as smoothness 
and roughness [etc.]. 1838 De Morcan Ess. Probab. 115 
There can be no possible reason for an excess of white, which 
does not equally. .apply in favour of an excess of black. 1860 
Tynpatt Glac. u. iil. 242 The quantity we receive is in 
excess of the quantity lost. 1879 Haran Eyesight ii. 30 
When .. one or more muscles act in excess of their op- 
ponents, a squint is produced. 

b. The amount by which one number or quan- 
tity exceeds another. Spherical excess: (see quot. 
1840). excess fare (on railways) : 
made by a person travelling beyond the place, 
or in a higher class than that, specified on his 
ticket. Lxcess luggage: luggage over the weight 
for which a passenger is allowed free carriage. 

1557 RecorpeE /Vhetst. M iv, Compare those excesses and 
wantes well together. 1660 Barrow £uc/id 1. Axiom xy, If 
to equal oe you add unequal, the excess of the wholes 
shall be equal to the excess of the additions. 18r2 Woop- 
HOUSE Astron, xviii. 201 The accumulation of the daily 
excesses. Z 
refraction by its excess above unity. SNowBaLt 
Spherical a. § 63 (ed. 5) 34 The quantity. . by which 
the sum of the de, 
exceeds 180°, is called the Spherical Excess of the triangle. 
1882 Standard 2 Sept. 6/4 He received a book for the pur- 
pose of giving receipts to passengers for ‘ excess’ fares. 

+c. Usury, interest. Ods. 

ng Suaks. Merch, V.1. iii. 63 Shylocke..I neither lend 
nor borrow By taking, nor by giuing of excesse. 

7. The state of exceeding or being in greater quan- 
tity or degree than is usual or necessary ; exuber- 
ance, superabundance; an instance of this; an 
extreme degree or amount; an ‘ extreme’, a ‘height’ 
(of wickedness, etc.). + Of excess =in abundance. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 335 Pere is no3t gret pas- 
synge and exces. = chele noper in Cass, 1430 Lypc. Chron. 
Troy 1. v, The a in conclusion So was ennewed by 
Fock] That thong ly excesse was there none. 1503 

awes Examp. Virt. xi. 207 Than I to hym gaue strokes 
of exces. 1576 Fieminc Panofl. Epist. 269 The excesse of 
vertue worketh no manner of annoyance. Suaxs. Lear 
1v. i. 73 So distribution should vndoo excesse, And each 
man have h. ~~ Virg. Georg. 1. 570 Com- 
mend the lar; xcess Of spacious Vineyards ; cultivate the 
less. 1719 YounG Busiris wv. i, To behold thee In such 
excess of sorrow, quite destroys me. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. 
xxvi. (1819) 406 Their vivacity, their leaps out of the water, 
their frolics in it, all conduce to show their excess of spirits. 
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. Juda II. ww. v. 193 This [he] treated 
as the highest excess of insolence. 1848 Macautay “ist. 
Eng. 1. 636 Kirke..was not the last, to whom this excess of 
wicked was ly i 


) oe ty e 
+b. concr. in pi. Resources beyond the ‘neces- 
saries’ of life ; luxuries. Ods. 

1658 Whole Duty Man xiv. § 16. 112 That deny relief to 
their poor ts, that cannot part with their own excesses 
and deportation. 

¢. Chem. An amount greater than is needed for 
a specific pepe, e.g. for combination with other 
elements, or for dissolving a given quantity of a 
substance. Also Jn (great) excess. 

1807 T. THomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 610 It might be called 


supersulphate of ammonia, as it contains an excess of acid. 
1838 — Chem. Org. Bodies 204 At first there was an excess of 


183 BrewsTER ie iv. 36 Divide the index of | 


a payment | 


grees in the angles of the spherical triangles 


| vb, Water, can be easil 


376 


was 

D Urin. 

i potassa be added in 

excess; a precipitate of hydrated oxide of copper first 
ives in excess of alkali. 


or d 


su aed 
(0 aye g)- Sometimes in contrast with defect. 
1393 Rn Conf. 11. 276, I bidde never as to my dele But 
of the hole an halven That is none excess as me 
thenketh. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddes Chyld. 72 Excesse of 
mete feblith and dulleth amannys wyttes. 1591 SHaks. 72vo 
Gent. m1. i. 220, I haue fed vpon this woe already, And now 
excesse of it will make me surfet. 1691 Hartciirre Vir- 
tues 137 The two Extremes whereof are; on the defect 
éopynaia, to be free from Anger .. The other Extreme in the 
Excess, is dpytAdrns, a Vice, which..hath not yet found an 
English Name. 1725 N. Rosinson 7h. Physick 314 If the 
Spirits flag during the Operation from the Excess of the 
vacuations. a173x ATTERBURY Sevm.(J.), Parsimony. . is 
the more pardonable excess ofthe two. 1829 I. Taytor Z7- 
thus. i. (1867) 16 If. .enthusiasm were only an error in degree 
or a mere fault by excess. a 1871 Grote Eth. Fragm. v. 
(1876) 165 We ought to choose the middle point and not 
either the excess or the defect. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 
V. 9 The excess of tyranny in Persia and the excess of 
liberty at Athens have been the ruin of both. 

b. Phrases: Jz, to (an) excess, to carry (some- 
thing), to drink, eat, go, run to excess. % (Object) 
of excess, that possesses some quality in excess. 

1526-34 TINDALE 1 Pet. iv 4 That ye runne not also with 
them vnto the same excesse of ryote. 1625 Bacon Ess., 
Goodness (Arb.) 199 The desire of Power in Excesse, caused 


the Angels to fall. 1626 —Sy/va § 261 An Object relearn | 
e 


or excess, destroyeth the Sense: As the light of the Sunt 
eye, a violent sound (near the Ear) the hearing. c 1645 
Howe t Lett. (1655) II. 71 (Canary wine] leaves less dreggs 
behind, though one drink it to exces. 1749 Fietpinc 7om 
Fonces xi. iii, Sophia .. was yielding to an excess. al 
Gotps. Trav. 97 Till carried to excess. . This fav'rite gi 
begets peculiar pain. 1838 W. Beaumont Exper. Digestion 
(ed. Combe) 252 Eating voraciously or toexcess. 1841 M1act 
Nonconf, 1. 1 At present we have government in excess. 
1875 Darwin /nsectiv. Pl. vi. 110 Raw meat and other 
nutritious substances, given in excess, kill the leaves. 

§| 9. = AccEss Io. 

1541 R. Coptanp Galyen’s Terap. 2 D iij, They counceyll 
them that haue the feuers..to passe the excesse that ought 
to come the thyrde day or no. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. 168 In twelve dayes I had a thousand bloudy stooles 
(which excesse kild our Lord Ambassadour Sir Dodmore 
Cotton at that time). 

+ Excess, 2. Ots. Also 4-6 excesse, 7 ex- 
eysse. [?attrib. use of Excess s+.] = EXCESSIVE. 
a. Beyond the usual or specified amount. b. 
Beyond what is necessary, proper or right. 

2a1400 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) 24 But excesse sleepe 
behoves me to make one this man heare. 1547-64 BauLp- 
win Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) vu. v, Excesse Ribbing and 
drinking, pricketh fast forwards to lechery. 1574 Hytt 
Conyect. Weather i, And the excesse qualitie..of any of the 
four quarters is evill and daungerous to the fruites of the 
earth. 1636 in Picton L'fool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 162 For 
takeinge excysse fees contrarie to auncient orders. 


Exce'ss, v. [f. Excess sh.] trans. To charge 


with an excess fare. 

1888 Difference of Fare Excess Voucher on N. B. Rail- 
way 16 May, In case of Tickets being excessed before the 
journey has been accomplished. 

+ Exce'ssful, 2. Ods. [f. Excess sb, + -FUL.] 
Characterized by excess; excessive. 

1633 Br. Hatt Hard 7exts 475 In a degree above 
necessity and convenience even to want and excesse- 
full curiosity. 1664 H. More Myst. Jnig. vii. 128 This 
extreme glory. .and excessfull affluency of t 


World. 
+Exce'ssion. Os. vare—'. [ad. late L. ex- 

céssion-em, n. of action f. excédére to go out or 

forth: see ExckED.] A going out or forth. 

1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. 1. vit. 112 Motion is a 
mutation of parts, or an excession out of place. 

Excessive (ekse'siv), a. (sd.) and adv. Forms: 
4 excessife, 5 excessif, excessyfe, 5-6 exces- 
syve, 6 (accessive), excesseve, 5—- excessive. 
ig F. excessif, -ive, as if ad. L. *excésstv-us, 
. excess- ppl. stem of excédére: see EXCEED.] 

A. adj. 

+1. Of persons or their actions: Transgressing 
the bounds of law, decency, or morality; out- 
rageous, lawless, wrongful. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 117 Thinges which are excessife 
Ayein the lawe, he shal ——- do. 1548 Hau. Chron. 97 
Certain ordinaunces, made by the Maire and Aldermen of 
London, against the excessive takyng of Masons .. and 
other laborers, for their daily jorneis. 1568 Grarton Chron. 
II. 164 He made a law also the same time against the 
excessive takyng of Usurie by the Jewes. 1656 Cow.ey Davi- 
deis 1. 623 Those who before did God's fair Choice with- 
stand Th’ excessive Vulgar now to Death demand. 

2. Of aan states, actions, magnitudes, etc. 

+a. In favourable or neutral sense: Exceeding 
what is usual ; ‘surpassing’; exceedingly great. 

1478 Caxton Yason 20 Wherfore were .. ye so haboun- 
dant! y, rnished so well of excessiue ande chief alle beaute. 
1526 . Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 162 T! come downe 
agayn to them selfe si excessyue ele or 
extasy. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 438 If Panicum be laid below 
and about the Bottom of a Root, it will cause the Root to 
grow to an E iue Bi G Counsel B 
drawn, an excessive and almost 


| incredible height above its Centre. 


EXCHANGE, 
b. Exceeding what is right, proportionate, or 
desirable ; immoderate, ino’ in te, extravagant. 
a1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. A foule waste of 
clothe and excessyfe. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxviii. (1 
110 A highe coloure excessyue d 


highe ouer 

Suaxs. Ad/'s Weil 1. i. 65 Moderate lamentation is the right 

of the dead, excessiue greefe [is] the enemie to the liuing. 

1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. viii. 36 Excessive desire of Revenge, 

when it b habituall, hurteth the —— 

Pol. Disc. x. 203 Excessive severity in the laws apt to 
s — 


beget great relaxation in their execution. 1844-57 G. 
Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 84 A man eats an excessive meal 
meat, more than he can assimilate into healthy blood. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 681 A single night of excessive 
rain .. left the rock of the Acropolis bare. 

3. Of persons: Given to excess in anything ; in- 
temperate, extravagant. Now only with agent- 
nouns or icatively with const. 27. 

1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1594) 190 These 
excessive fellowes never expect , or thirst .. but 
through intemperance prevent them. 

Virginia vi. 219 If a man worke but 
hee may get more than hee can spend vnlesse hee will bee 
exceedingly excessiue. Cow ey Verses & Ess., Short- 
ness Life, A man whois excessive in his pains and diligence. 
1670 Mitton /ist. Eng. Wks. 1738 11. 118 He is said to be 
at Table not excessive. 1710 Le Tatler No. 182 P 2 
Who is not excessive in the Discourse of what he extremely 


likes? Mod. Avoid the y of ve 
+4. Of expressions : Hyperbolical. Oés. 


155s Even Decades 127 They ¢ them in big 
to elephantes. . but this. . by an ex ie kynde of speache. 
5. Of climates : Characterized by extremes. 


1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. 1. 107 There are .. excessive 
climates, as they have been termed, where the temperature 
of winter and summer is strongly contrasted. 

+6. as sb. Something excessive; an extrava- 
gance. Ods. rare. 

1644 H. Parker ¥us Pop. 49 Great Monarchies are 
monstrous excessives in Nature. 

+ B. adv. = EXcessive.y. Ods.; very common 
in 17-18th c. 

1569 Turserv. Epitaphs & Sonn. (1837) 366 Ye are exces- 
siue proude. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av, 216 The Sea at 
the brinke of this Ile is excessive deepe. @1720 SHEFFIELD 
(Dk. Buckhm.) Ws. 1753 II. 102 Mr, Lane grew excessive 
angry. 1768 Gotpsm. Good-n. Man u. i, His manner.. 
was excessive harmless. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot. in 1772, 
345 The night most excessive dark. 1796 Burney Mefas- 
tasio 1. 395 This would be an excessive long chapter. 

Excessively (ckse'sivli), adv. [f. prec. + -LY?.] 

+1. Of manner: a. Wastefully, lavishly, pro- 


| digally. b. Greedily. Ods. 


1552 Hutort, Excessyuely .. profuse. Gotpinc 


| Cesar 85 The beastes which the Galles do most delight in 


and whych they pay for excessiuely. 1596 Spenser F. Q. 
u. xii, 3 Which having swallowd up excessively, He soone 
in vomit up againe doth lay. 

2. In an excessive amount or degree; beyond 
measure, immoderately. (In mod. use a stronger 
expression than exceedingly.) 

¢ 1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. (1714) 68 Whan any 
of his Lords schal yn to be so excessive! y greteme ieee 
1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) tv. i, 167 He is 
excessyuely Mneayived. 159t Horsey 7rav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 
192 He used me but rufflye, by reason I could not drincke 
excessivlie with him. 164 H.R. Salerne Regim. 2 Anger 
. excessiuely chafeth and inflameth the membres. 2646 Siz 
T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xxi. 271 A conceit .. wherein al- 
though it seeme excessively ridiculous there may be some- 


what of truth. 1711 SteELe Spect. No. 145 ?6 Fellow 
is rich. . but excessively ill-bred. 1747 WesLey Prim. Physic 
(1762) 63 It makes them smart a’ Aah excessively. 1841 


Lane Arad, Nts. 1. 80 There came forth from it nothing 
but smoke. .at which he wondered excessively. 1877 Lavy 
— Voy. Sunbeam xxii. (1878) 378 The scenery seemed 


an yr y P 

Excessiveness (ekse'sivnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The state or quality of being excessive ; 
excessive measure, quantity, or degree. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 480 And upon yt ensuyd 
— of rayne that corne was therwith drowned 
y° 1600 7. Lass Tom Tel-troth 615 A bibbit 
swilbowle and a bowzing gull, which never drinke but wit! 
excessivenesse. 1657 Rumsey Org. Salutis i. (1659) 2 Ex- 
cessivenesse of heat and cold in several parts of the body ; 
which breeds and Feavers. in Bartey (folio) 
1775 in Asn. in Werster ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Exchange (eks)t{2ndz), sb. Forms: 4-6 
eschaunge, (6 eschange), 5-6 exchaunge, (6 
exchaunce), 6- exchange. [ME. eschaunge, a. 
AF. eschaunge, OF. eschange (F. échange) :—late 
L. excambium, f. excambiare: see EXCHANGE v. 
In 16th c. the prefix es- was, as in some other 
words, altered to ex- after L. analogies.] 

I. The action or process of exchanging. 

1. The action, or an act, of recip: ving and 
receiving : a. of things in general. Proverb, Zx- 
change ts no robbery. 

1384 Cuaucer H. Fame n. 189 Of loues moo eschaunges 
Then euer cornes were in. ——— e1g00 Test. Lovet. 
(1560) 2753/2 My moeble is insuffisaunte to countervayle 
the price of this jewell, — ome Se ors 1552 

Edw. VI, c. 19.81 ve 
alawe man.. did take no it for making such ex- 
ca. 1599 Suaks. Much Ado ni. i. 320, I giue away my 

for you, 


suche 
in 


Futter 


selfe and doat vpon the exchan, 

Ch. Hist. 1. v. § 11 In lieu of what he | i , Exe 
change is no Robbery, he carried with him some of 
St. Alban’s Dust. @1719 lend their 


Corn, they make Exchanges. 1860 i Glace, 1. xxv. 


EXCHANGE, 


182 The due exchange of loads having been made, we ad- 


vanced upon the glacier. 1863 Dickens Left. (1880) IT. 196 
Let us make an exchange of child stories. 

b. of goods, merchandize ; = Barrer ; in poli- 
tical economy often with wider sense of ‘commerce’. 

1553 Even Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 8 Salomans factours 
for exchaunge of other marchaundyse. 1767 Brack- 
STONE Commz, II. 446 If it be a commutation of goods for 
goods, it is more properly an exchange; but, if it be a 
transferring of goods for money, it is called a sale: which 
is a method of exchange introduced, etc. 1863 RocErs 
Pol, Econ. xvii, (1876) 224 No one questions the natural 
rights of free exchange. 

¢. of prisoners of war. 

©1374 Cuaucer Troylus tv. 130 Yf bey wolde graunte .. 
Theschaunge of her. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. ccxxxiii. 267 
Meanys was made .. for delyuerie and exchaunge of y° 
prysoners. x6x1 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. (1632) 479 These 
two Chief-taines wearied with irksomnesse of Irons made 
exchange the one for the other. 1698 Luptow AZem. I. 109 
Procuring my exchange for his two Sons. 1780 B. Lincoin 
in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1883) III. 96 An exchange, 
when made a prisoner, is one of the rights of a soldier, 
1867 SmytH Sazlor’s Word-bk., Exchange, a mutual agree- 
ment between contending powers for exchange of prisoners. 

d. of blows, passes, strokes (in fencing, games, 
etc.), salutations. 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. v. ii. 280 If Hamlet give the first or 
second hit, Or quit in answer of the third exchange. a 168 
Watter Bat. Summer-Islands 1, Thus they parted, with 
exchange of harms. 1862 Stantey Yew. Ch. (1877) I. xiii. 
258 We hear the exchange of salutations between ake reapers 
and their master. 1882 Daily Te?. 18 July 2 This [game 
at tennis] fell to E, Renshaw after some good exchanges. 

e. of military or naval commissions, etc. (see 
quot.). Also attrzb., as in exchange systent. 

1823 Crass Technol. Dict., Exchange between officers, 
who remove from one regiment to another, or from full pay 
to half pay, for which a consideration is usually given, alten 
the Difference. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xxxi, Captain 
Falcon. .received his commission that evening, and the next 
day the exchanges were made. 1867 SmytH Sazlor’s Word- 
6k., Exchange, the removal of officers from one ship to an- 
other. 1875 Act 38 Vict. c. 16 Her Majesty may.. author- 
ise exchanges to be made from one regiment .. to another 
regiment. 1875 D. Wotrr Sf. Ho. Com. 22 Feb., In the 
Artillery, Engineers, and Marines, they had from time im- 
memorial had the Exchange system, yet they had never 
adopted the Purchase system. 

ft in Chess, of pieces captured. Zo force the 
exchange: to play so as to compel your opponent 
to take one piece for another. Zo gain, win, lose 
the exchange: to take or lose a superior piece in 
exchange for an inferior. 

1823 Crass Technol. Dict. s.v. Chess, Exchanges. .often 
give the adversary an advantage. 1848 H. Sraunton Chess- 
Players Handbk, (ed, 2) 21 When a player gains a Rook for 
a Bishop or a Knight, it is termed winning the exchange. 
1865 Househ. Chess Mag. 34 This move loses, at least, 
the ‘exchange’. 1878 H. E. Birn Chess Openings 105 Black 
gains the exchange, and should win. 

&. (To give, have, take, etc.) + by, in exchange 
+ of, for (something else). 

c 1400 Destr. Troy 3182 Priam..may prestly suppose His 
suster to sese, sent by eschaunge. 1598 Suaks. Merry IV. 
11, ii. 243 There is money..spend all I haue, onely giue me 
so much of your time in exchange of it. 16r1 Brste Jazé. 
xvi. 26 Or what shall a man giue in exchange for his soule? 
1663 GERBIER Counsel 109 A very gainfull returne of Amber 
Greese and vendible commodities in exchange of Iron Tools. 
1665 Drypen /nd. Emperor (J.), O spare her life, and in 
exchange take mine. 1778 T. Jones Hoyle’s Games Impr. 
147 You can get two Pieces in Exchange for your Queen. 
1837 W. Irvinc Capt. Bonneville 111. 193 Giving horses ‘in 
exbange for the articles of which they stand in need. 

2. Zaw. ‘A mutual grant of equal interests, the 
one in consideration of the other’ (Blackstone 
Comm. (1767) II. 323). 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 13 b, In exchange it behoveth, 
that the estates that bothe parties have in the landes so ex- 
chaunged be equal. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bh. iv. § 284. 126 
Now is to shew in what time the estates of exchanges ought 
tobe executed. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 203 A husband 
and wife joined in exchanging lands, which were the estate 
of the wife, with a stranger, for other lands; and the ex- 
change was executed. 1876 Dicsy Real Prop, x. § 1. 378 
Conveyances by way of exchange. s ai 

8. The action of giving or receiving coin in 
return for coin of equivalent value either of the 
same or a foreign country, for bullion, or for notes 
or bills; a bargain respecting this; the trade of 
amoney-changer. + Bank of exchange : the office 
of a money-changer or banker. 

(335 Act 9 Edw. LIT, stat. 2c. 7 Et que table deschange 
soit a Dovorri & aillours, ou & q@nt il semblera a nos & 
a notre consail per faire eschange.] 1377 Lanat. P. PZ. B.v. 
249 Eschaunges and cheuesances with suche chaffare I dele. 
©1386 Cuaucer Prol. 278 Wel couthe he in eschaunge 
scheeldes [z.¢. Fr. écus] selle. 1526 Piler. Perf. u. iv. 43 b, 
He maketh his banke and exchange with some ryche mar- 
chaunt, 1552 HuLort, Zxchaunge, wher as gayne or lucre 
is gotten at the second hande, Jromercium. 1570-6 Lam- 
BARDE Peramb. Kent 127 Not without good cause .. hath 
Douer ,. beene.. assigned by lawes of Parleament as a 

ciall place for passage and eschaunge. 1580 Barer A/y. 

428 The losse and decay for the exchange of some peece 
of gold or siluer, collybus. x6rx Cotar. s.v. Change, Banke 
of Exchange, or place wherein money is exchanged, and 
commodities bartered for. Zod. I lost a good deal by the 
exchange of some 20-mark pieces that I brought home. 

+b. The profit obtained by a money-changer or 
money-lender. Ods. 

1552 Hutort, Bangueter or he that kepeth a banck of 

Vor, ITI. 


. we... lose by such Exchange. 


377 


mony, of whome people doo borowe money vpon gayne, 
called exchaunge. 1751 Cuampers Cyc/., Exchange is also 
used for the profit, which a merchant. .or broker makes of a 
sum of money received. .Sometimes also used for the. . profit 
allowed for the moneys advanced in any one’s behalf. 

4. ‘That species of mercantile transactions by 
which the debts of individuals residing at a distance 
from their creditors are cancelled without the 
transmission of money’ (M¢Culloch), by the use of 
‘ bills of exchange’. 

The simplest case of such a transaction is when two mer- 
chants in one place are respectively debtor and creditor for 
equal amounts to two merchants in a distant place. The 
two debts may be settled by the two creditors exchanging 
their claims; the process being that one of the creditors 
draws a ‘bill of exchange’ on his distant debtor, and sells 
it to his neighbour for its value in present money ; the latter 
sends it as payment of his debt to his creditor, who thus 
obtains a claim upon a neighbour in exchange for his claim 
on a person at a distance. In practice the matter is much 
more complicated, and the term B7d/ of Exchange has ac- 
quired an extended signification from which the etymolo- 
gical notion has almost disappeared (see Bit sZ,3 9). By 
writers on the theory of finance exchange is used for the 
whole system of transactions effected by ‘ bills of exchange’, 
and is formally divided into /v/and and Foreign Exchange. 
But in practice (exc. in the term 47// of exchange itself) the 
word now almost exclusively means foreign exchange, and 
in this use has a mixed notion of sense 3; the price at 
which a bill drawn on a foreign country for a given amount 
may be bought being subject to variations, depending (1) 
on the varying relation in intrinsic value between the coins 
of the two countries ; (2) on the varying demand for bills ; 
and (3) on the length of time for which the bill has to run. 

Par of exchange: the recognized standard value 
of the coinage of one country in terms of the 
coinage of another; e.g. Ai sterling at par = 
25-223 francs French money. ave or Course of 
exchange (also simply exchange): (a) the price at 
which bills drawn in the currency of a foreign 
country may be purchased; (+) sometimes, the 
percentage by which this differs from par; e.g. 
‘ the (rate of ) exchange has risen from 9} to 10 p.c.’ 
Arbitration of exchange: see ARBITRATION. 

Economic writers distinguish between the ead par of ex- 
change, which is the relation in intrinsic value existing be- 
tween the coins of two nations, and the sominal or conven- 
tional par, which may for convenience be maintained at a 
fixed level. When the price that must be paid for a foreign 
bill exceeds par, ‘he exchange is said to be against, or un- 

Javourable to, the country in which the bill is drawn; when 
the price is below par, the exchange is in favour of that 
country. 

1485 [see 5]. 1560 in Harl, Misc. (Malh.) II. 478 By 
this reformation of base monies..the accoumpte, which, 
by merchauntes, is called the Eschaunge, shall .. aryse 
in estimation of the monies of Englande. 1596 Suaks. 
Tam. Shr. w. ii. 89, I haue bils for monie by exchange 
From Florence, and must heere [at Padua] deliuer them. 
a1627 Haywarp Edw. VJ (1630) 9 Hee was skilful in the 
exchange beyond the seas. 169r Locke Lower. Interest 
Wks. 1727 II. 57 Within a Month a Million must be return’d 
into Holland, this presently raises the Exchange. /d7d. II. 
72 Foreign Exchange is the Paying of money in one Coun- 
try, to receive it inanother. 1694 CuiLp Disc. Trade (ed.4) 
174 The course of the Exchange .. being generally above 
the intrinsick value or par of the coins of foreign Countries, 

1724 Swirt Drafier'’s 
Lett. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 44 The difference is almost 25 per 
cent. which is double to the highest exchange of money. 
1776 Avam Suitu W. N. 1~v. iii. (1869) II. 49 The ordinary 
course of exchange should be allowed to be a sufficient in- 
dication of the ordinary state of debt and credit between 
any two places. 1788 T. JeFFERson Writ. (1859) II. 468 In 
this paper, you will see the exchange of yesterday. 1861 
Goscuen For. Exch. 48 The limits within which the ex- 
changes may vary.. are on the one extreme, the par value, 
plus the cost of the transmission of bullion; on the other 
extreme, the par value, minus this identical sum. did. 
(1864) 75 The natural value of the rouble.. would have 
been..5 percent. below the nominal par of exchange. 1868 
Sryp Bullion & For. Exch. 394 The actual Mintage Par of 
Hachangs between London and Paris is £1=fes. 25°2215 
..For all practicable purposes, however, we may call the Par 
of Exchange fcs. 25'224 centimes. 

th. Dry exchange (= It. cambio secco, Fr. 

change sec): a method of evading the laws against 
usury by means of fictitious bills of exchange. Ods. 

The expression (¢vockner Wechsel) still survives in German 
in the sense of a promissory note, i.e. a bill drawn by a per- 
son upon himself. 

1485-6 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 5 Eny bargayne..by the name 
of drye exchaunge .. be utterly voide. 1572 T. Witson 
Disc, Usury (1584) 117 b, The second kind [of exchange by 
bills] .. called sicke and drie exchange .. is practised when 
one doth borrowe money by exchange for a strange region, 
at longer or shorter distance of time, to serue his turne the 
rather thereby, not minding to make anie reall paiment 
abroad ; but compoundeth with the exchanger to haue it re- 
turned backe againe, according as the exchange shall passe 
from thence to London, for such distance of time as they 
were agreed vpon. 1682 Scartetr Exchanges 266 Dry 
Exchanges consist in a giving of Monyes .. but the repay- 
ment is to be made after a certain time in the same place 
where the Monyes was given, and such a sum certain over 
and above, as the giver of Monyes can get and agree for, 

e. Arith. (See quot.) 

1 Freese Comm, Class-bk. 1. 69. 1859 Barn. Samiti 
Arith. & Algebra (ed. 6) 513 Exchange is the Rule by which 
we find how much money of one country is equivalent to a 
given sum of another country, according to a given course 
of Exchange. 

5. = Bill of Exchange (see Brin sd.3 9). Still 
occas. used in commercial correspondence. Also 


EXCHANGE. 


ellipt. in First, Second, or Third of Exchange 
(=Fr. premiere, etc. de change). 

1 Caxton Paris § V. (1868) 55 He had receued the 
eschaunge that Vyenne had sent hym. /d7d. 57 She sendeth 
to 7 an eschaunge of thre thousand floryns. Mod. (Form 
of Foreign Bill.) Sixty days after sight of this Second of 
Exchange (First and Third unpaid) pay to the order of, etc. 

“| 6. In senses more correctly expressed by 
CHANGE: a. Substitution of one person or thing 
for another. +b. Variation of conduct, etc. +e. 
Transmutation ; mutation, alteration. 

1393 Gower Conf, III. 351, I se the world stond ever upon 
eschaunge. ¢1420 Padlad. on Husb. 1. 236 Preve eke the 
unpreved grene afore eschaunge. c1430 Lync. Dispraise 
of Women xii, These women... Most Joue eschaunge and 
doublenes. 1548 Gest Pr. AZasse B vij b No more can thee 
bread be christes body wythoute the exchaunge of the mat- 
ter therof unto the sayd heavy. 1572_R. H. tr. Lauaterus’ 
Ghostes (1596) 165 The exchange of Empires, and of other 
things, are in his power. 1588 Suaxs. Z. LZ. Z. Iv. ii. 43 
Th’ allusion holds in the Exchange. 1589 PutreNnam Eg. 
Poesie ut. xv. (Arb.) 182 Your figures that worke auricularly 
by exchange. .vsing one case for another, or tense,or person. 
1859 Reeve Brittany 235 At the only inn..everything was 
in comfortless confusion, arising from an exchange of tenants. 

II. 7. A person or thing that is offered or 
given in exchange or substitution for another. 

1490 Plumpton Corr. 100 They will take yt in ferme, or 
els make yt exchaunce with you of lands lyeing in York- 
shire. 1605 SHaks. Leary iv. vi. 280 A plot vpon her ver- 
tuous Husbands life, and the exchange my brother. /did. v. 
iii. 97 There’s my exchange [a glove]. 1654-66 EArt Orrery 
Parthen. vt. (1676) 734 Having avowedly in his power a 
sufficient exchange for him. @1700 DrypeEN (J.), The re- 
spect and love which was paid you..was a wise exchange 
for the honours of the Court. 

b. A newspaper sent to the office of another 
newspaper in exchange for the latter. 

1886 Chr. Life 23 Jan. 37/3 ‘The pulpit and the people 
are rising out of the superstitions into the real religion ’—so 
remarks an exchange. 

III. A place of exchange. 

8. King’s or Queen’s Exchange: see quot. 

1601 Q. Exiz. Let. dase Moneys in T. Stafford Pac. Hid. 
149 We require you. .to giue all attention of it. .[by] bring- 
ing in all others according to the course of Our Exchange, 
which by Our Proclamation you may perceiue that wee 
haue instituted. [a 1623 (see EXxcHANGE 7. 1b).] 1706 
Puiturrs, The Queen's Exchange. 175x CHAMBERS’ Cyc/. 
s.v., The King’s Exchange or the place appointed by the 
king for exchange of plate, or bullion for the king’s coin. 

+9. A money-changer’s establishment or office. 

@1569 KInGESMYLL Com. Afffict. (1585) Aiij, To lay it [a 
talent] with you in exchange and banke. 1575 FENTON 
tr. Gueuara’s Gold. Epist. (1582) 75 Hee whipped out the 
Usurers, reuersed their exchaunges, and dispearsed their 
treasures. 

10. A building in which the merchants of a 
town assemble for the transaction of business. 
Cf. BURSE 3 b, CHANGE sd, 3. 

The ‘Burse’ or Exchange built in London by Sir T. 
Gresham in 1566 received from Queen Elizabeth the name 
of Royal Exchange, which is retained by the present build- 
ing. Gresham’s building is in 17th c. sometimes called the 
Old Exchange, to distinguish it from the New Exchange, 
i.e. ‘ Britain’s Burse’. 

1589 Nasu Pasguil’s Ret. 1, I little thought to meete thee 
so suddainly upon the Exchange. 1593 Norven Sfec. Brit, 
M’sex 1. 35 Sir Thomas Gresham .. named it the Burse, 
whereunto afterward Queene Elizabeth gave the name of 
Royall Exchange. a@1610 Heatey Epictetus’ Man (1636) 
39 You cannot builde it a schoole, an Exchange, or a bathe. 
1611 Coryat Crudities 23 As for their Exchang{e] where 
they sell many fine and curious things, there are two or 
three prety walks in it. 1632 Massincer City Madanz 1. i, 
Being forced to fetch these from the Old Exchange, These 
from the Tower, and these from Westminster. 1710 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 4708/4 Inquire at the .. Royal Exchange East 
Country-Walk in Exchange Time, 1716-8 Lapy M. W. 
Montacue Lett. I. xxxviil. 154 Behind the mosque is an 
exchange, full of shops. 1790 J. WitLock Voy. diverse 
parts ix. 298 The exchange [Kénigsberg] is a beautiful 
edifice, 1848 Dickens Domébey iv, The Royal Exchange 
was close at hand. 

1628 EarLe Microcosm. lii. (Arb.) 73 It [Pauls Walke] 
is the great Exchange of all discourse. 1643 Drennam 
Cooper's Hill 188 His [Thames’] fair bosom is the world’s 
exchange. 1793 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 196 Sir Gilbert 
Elliot is not found in a common shop of the diplomatic 


, exchange. 1886 D. C. Murray Cynic Fortune vi, Fairy bank- 


notes which are only valuable at the Exchange of Fancy. | 

b. Preceded by some defining word that indi- 
cates a special branch of business: as Coa/-, 
Corn-, Hop-, Stock-, Wool-Exchange, for which 
see those words. 

ll. U.S. A dram-shop. 

1882 Sata Amer. Revis, I. ii. 13 Here [in New Orleans] 
the dram shops are called ‘ exchanges’. 

12. attrib. and Comb. (sense 6) exchange-time ; 
(senses 3, 4) exchange-bank, -broker, -office, -shop ; 
also exchange-cap (see quot.); + exchange- 
man, (a) a merchant on Change; (4) a shop- 
keeper at the ‘New Exchange’; + exchange- 
wench, -woman, a shopwoman at the same; 
exchange-value = exchangeable value. 

1535 CoveRDALE Like xix. 23 Wherfore than hast thou 
not delyuered my money to the *exchaunge banke. 1704 
Cocker App., *Exchange Brokers, men that tell how 
the Exchange of Money goes, and finds those that will Ex- 
change. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 8315/1 *Exchange-cap, 
a fine quality of paper..used for printing bills of exchange, 
etc. 1631 Donne Polydoron 108 There are three sorts 


EXCHANGE. 


of honest men : viz. your *Exchangeman for the bearing up 
of his credit, ete. 1783 Atswortu Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1. 
Niigivendus..an g , or milliner, 1863 Fawcetr 
Pol. Econ. i. ix. 416 A person wishing to excl money 
for French money goes-to an *exchange office in London. 
1631 T. Poweit Yom All Trades 48 A pretty way of breed- 
ing young Maides in an Mpirym > shop, or St. Martins le 
go 1710 Lond.Gaz. No. 4708/4 In *Exchange Time. 1863 

awcetT Pol. Econ. 1. i. (1876) 7 “Exchange value is the 

h istic which ps a dity with the attri- 
bute of wealth, England's my, 32 Every “Ex 
change-Wench is r’d in by them [Pearles] into her 
stalls. 1707 Cisper Double Gallant w, To treat a Woman 
of Quality like an Exchange-Wench. — Woman's 
Wit m, Your Ladyship’s being out of Humour with the 
*Exchange Woman, for shaping your Ruffles so odiously, 
made you a little too reserv’d. 

Exchange (eks;t{zindz), v. Forms: (?4 
schange), 5, 7 eschange, 6 exchaunge, 6- ex- 
change. [a. OF. eschangier (mod.F. échanger) :— 
late L. excambidre, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) + cam- 
bidre : see CHANGE v.] : 

1. trans. To change away; to dispose of (com- 
modities, possessions, etc.) by exchange or barter; 
to give, relinquish, or lose (something) whilst re- 
ceiving something else in return. Also adso/. 

1484 Caxton Curiall (1888) 13 They selle, bye or exchange 
somtyme theyr rentes or propre vestementis. noes. Act 37 
Hen, VIII, c.9 § 5 The Wares .. so bargained, sold, ex- 
changed or shifted. 16rx Biste /zek. xlviii. 14 They shall 
not sell of it, neither exchange, nor alienate the first fruits 
of the land. 1808 Hoyle’s Game Chess 19 When you have 
two pawns on a front line neither should be pushed forward 
until the adversary proposes to exchange. /éid. Strive to 
capture or exchange those men which would prevent it [a 
direct attack]. 1835 I. TayLtor Sir. Desfot. ii. 30 Difficul- 
ties that may be exchanged sooner than avoided. és 

b. With for (+ wth) before the thing taken in 
exchange. In mod. use also with against (? after 
Fr. contre). Also adsol. 

1611 Suaks. Cymb, 1. v. 55 To shift his being, Is to ex- 
change one misery with another. 16az AinswortH Axnot. 
Pentat. Gen. xxii. heading, Isaak is exchanged with a ram. 
@ 1623 Campen (J.), The king called in the old money and 
erected exchanges where the weight of old money was 
exchanged for new. 1680 Morven Geog. Rect., Tartary 
(1685) 77 The Commodities that the Turks exchange for 


with the Inhabitants are Slaves. a1704 Locke (J.), Ex- | 


change his sheep for shells, or wool for a sparkling pebble. 
1786 W. Tuomson Watson's Philip 11] (1839) 243 
impatient to exchange the luxury of a palace for the dangers 
and hardships of the field. 1833 [see AGArnsT 14]. 1868 
Rocers Pol. Econ. iii. (ed. 3) 22 Where dealings are trans- 
acted on a large scale, it is not difficult for commodities to 
be exchanged against commodities. 1874 Green Short Hist. 
iii. 123 The vague expressions of the older charters were 
now exchanged for precise and elaborate provisions. 
+c. To obtain (something) in exchange for. 

1588 Suaks. Z. L. L. 1v. i. 84 What, shalt thou exchange 
for ragges, roabes. 1596 Spenser /. Q. vil. vi. 6 Ne shee 
the lawes of Nature onely brake, But eke of Justice..And 
death for life exchanged foolishlie. 

2. To give and receive reciprocally; to make an 
exchange of; to interchange. Const. sing. or pl. 
obj. with (a person). 

1602 Suaks. Ham. v. ii. 340 Exchange forgiuenesse with 
me, Noble Hamlet. 161x — Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 284 She wold 
not exchange flesh with one that lou’d her. 1698 Luptow 
Mem. (1721) 1. 47 The great Shot was exchanged on both 
sides for the space of an Hour. 1721 Appison Sfect. No. 
12 P 2, I donot remember that we have exchanged a Word 
together these five Years. 1797 Mrs. Rapcuirre /talian 
vil, Would we could exchange natures with him for a mo- 
ment, 1832 Hv. Martineau Each §& All vi. 79 They ex- 
changed smiles, and understood one another immediately. 


1844 H.H. Witson Brit. /ndia 11. 417 No engagements | was the ancient manner in Israel concerning redeeming and 


of allegiance or protection had ever been exchanged. 1855 
Macautay “ist. Eng. I11. 5 Blows were exchanged. 

3. Mil.and Naval. a. To give upa prisoner to 
the enemy in return for one taken by them. 

1726 TINDAL Rapin's Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) 1. 207/2 Matilda 
2. d he Id be hanged for the King. 1 
Stocqveter Mil. Encycl., Prisoners of War are depriv 
of their liberty until regularly exchanged. 1860 Wooisry 
Introd. Internat. Law § 146. 3% Prisoners are generally 
exchanged within the same rank man for man. 

b. adsol. To pass, by exchange with another 
officer, from or out of one regiment or ship z#/o 
another. Cf. EXCHANGE sd. I e. 

1787 Netson 10 July in Nicolas Disf. (1845) I. 243 Lieu- 
tenant Hope wished to exchange out of the Pegasus into 
the Boreas, 1875 Garnorne Harpy 5S. Ho. Com. 22 Feb., 
A poor man may find himself in positions where he could 
not exchange. 1875 Trevetyan 7id., The officer above 
them who refuses to exchange out of the battalion. 


4. intr. Chiefly of coin: To be received as an 


equivalent for. 

7 Apa Situ W. N. 1. xi. (1855) 89 In 1695. .the value 
of the silver coin was not kept up by the coin; a guinea 
then commonly ere for thirty shillings of the worn 
and clipt silver. 1848 Mitt Pod. Econ. m1. iil. § 2 Demand 
and supply always rush to an equilibrium, but the condition 
of stable equilibrium is when things —- for each other 
according to their cost of production. 1890 Sat, Rev. 3 May 
$ar/a An English sovereign exchanged a little while ago for 
thirteen rupees, ? 

5. trans.=CHANGE v. 6. Also Zo exchange into 

= CHANGE v, 6 b. 

The first quot. may belong to CHANGE 2. ; schaungen ap- 
pears among the forms of that word in 14th c. 

a 1300 Cursor M. 479 (Gott.) Fra pan his (Lucifer’s) name 
schangid was, Now es he cald foule sathanas. 1548 Gest 
Pr. Masse 83 Can it be hys bodye, onles it be exchaunged 


e was | 


~ ae 


378 


bots stn Perna smmeeacety te 
Friendship, 


by title, that one tearmed.. and this other .. 
Love. ¢ 1600 Suaxs, Sonn, cix, I returne againe, Just to 
the time, not with the time exchang’d. 2 

ine ee [f. 
next : see quality or condition of 
bein, le. 

1778 Wasuincton Let. 8 Mar., Wks. 1834 V. 260 To fix 
their [ d citizens’] exchangeability upon the easiest 
and most soogtirccel foundation. New Monthly 
Mag. XXXVII. 501 Mr. Bailey seems to mistake ex 
ability for value. 1861 Goscuen For. Exch. 10 Toi 
how the rate of i ..the depreciation of the currency in 
which the bills are payable, affect their ex: ility. 

eable (eks,t{zindzab’l), a. [f. Ex- 
CHANGE ¥. +-ABLE.] 


1. That may be exchanged. Const. for. 
_ 1651 Hoses Leviath. 1. xxiv. 127 A mans Labour also, 
is a commodity exchangeable for benefit. 1778 WASHINGTON 
Let. 8 Mar., 1834 V. 255 On condition of General Lee 
being declared exchangeable. 1840 7ait’s Mag. VII. 638 
The notes .. are .. not easily exch ble. 1869 TyxpaLt 
Notes on Light 14 In optics, the tion of an object and 
of its image are always sxchangectle, 

2. Exchangeable value: value estimated by that 


of the goods for which a thing may be exchanged. 

1776 Apam Smitn W. N. (1806) I. 1. iv. 38 The principles 
which regulate the exchangeable value of commodities. 
r8ar Torrens Product. Wealth 10 Nothing but a vague 
and inaccurate use of language could have led to the notion 
that exchangeable value constitutes wealth. 1834 Ht. Mar- 
tTinEAU Moral ui. 86 It is labour which confers exchange- 
able value. 1862 Ruskin Unto this Last 114 How good 
must meat be, in order to possess any exchangeable value? 

+3. = Commutative 1b. Obs. rare. 

1575 T. Rocers Sec. Coming Christ 34a, This Arith- 
metical proportion Aristotle ascribeth the exchaungeable 
iustice. 

Hence Excha'ngeably adv. 

1598 Fiorio, Scamdi¢uole, by exchange, mutuall, ex- 
changeablie. 

Exchanger (eks,t{2indza1), Also 7 (in Law) 
-or, [f. as prec. +-ER1.] 

1. One who exchanges or makes an exchange. 

1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16 The same sale, exchaunge 
or deliuere. .shalbe..felony..in the seller, exchaunger or 
deliuerer. om Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 116 The ex- 
changor or his heire may vouch to warranty by an exchange 
without deed. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. iv. § 263 If any of 


P 


| us the Exchangers dye before attornment it is not 


+2. A money-changer, an exchange-broker; a 
money-dealer, banker. Ods. exc. with allusion to 
the N. T. + Zhe King’s Exchangers: officers 
appointed by the king to give coin in exchange 
for bullion or plate. 

1539 Biste (Great) Matt. xxv. 27 Thou oughtest therfore to 
haue delyuered my money to the a 1552 Act 5-6 
Edw. V1, c. 19 § 1 No man did. .take no Profit for making 
of such Exchange .. except the Kings Exchangers. 1584 
Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 98 Christ overthrew the ex- 
chaungers banckes, 1682 ScarLterr Exchanges 103 An 
Exchanger should know in the places where Banks are 
kept, the ordinary times when the Banks are shut. a1704 
Locke (J.), These exchangers generally chuse rather to buy 
bullion than run the risk of melting down our coin. 1866 
Crump Banking i. 9 They [mensularit] were also authorised 
by the state to act as exchangers, and give Roman coins for 


foreign ones. 
(eks\t[a-ndzin), vd/. sdb. [Ff as 
he action of the vb. EXCHANGE, 
veat, Newe Ind. (Arb.) 17 At which ex- 
eth to another after 
‘ol. ut, i. (1611) 129 This 


prec. + -InG1, 
1553 Even 

chaunging of wyues, one of them s 

this manner. 1594 Hooker Lcd. 


exchanging. 1671 H. M. tr. Zrasm. Collog. 385 Doth God 
accept of such exchangings of souls? 1819 in Picton L'fool 
Munic. Rec. (1886) 11. 339 Renewal of leases and the ex- 
changing of lives thereon. 

Excheat, -or, altered forms of EscuEat, -or. 
Exchequer (eks)t/eko1). Forms: 3-6 es- 
cheker(e, (4 eschekkere, 4-5 ess-, estcheker), 
5-7 eschequer, -eer, excheker, -yr, (6 eschea- 
quer, eschequier, -our, 7 exchecker), 6- ex- 
chequer. [ME. escheker, a. OF. escheguier (mod. 
F. échiquier) = It. scaccario, med.L. scaccdrium 
chess-board, f. scacc-us check, scacchi chess: see 
-ARIUM, -ER. The modern exchequer is a literary 
corruption, caused by mistaking es- in this word 
for the OF. es-:—L. ex-, as in eschange, L. ex- 
cambium, now EXCHANGE, —_ L. explicitum, 
now Exptorr, etc. When these words were re- 
fashioned after L. analogies, escheker was ignorantly 
altered in the same way. For the derivation see 
CHEQUER, CHECK.] 


+I. 1. Achess-board ;=Cnerquer sd. 1. Zo 


~ eker. 
go ode a at to pen gechetikere 
134 fol. i iw. 


II. The King’s Exchequer. 
2. Under the Norman and Angevin kings of 
England ; An office or department of state man- 


1 


| Scotland and Ireland : see 


| at present 


EXCHEQUER. 
aged by the Treasurer, the Justiciary and the other 


ied tee ’s Court, and certain Barons 
appoin ing. 
the collection and i 

revenues with the judicial determination of all 
causes relating to revenue. In the subsequent 


development of this institution, it was gradually 
divided into two distinct branches, the one being 


charged with judicial, the other with adminis- 
trative functions: see 3, 4. 
The name originally referred to the table covered with a 


2 a i; 
or whether it was imported into Normandy from England. 
After Normandy became part of France, the su; oo 
of law in that province continued to bear name of 
escheguier until the reign of Francis I, when this name was 


superseded by that of parlement. 

{1292 Britton 1. i. § 9 Ausi volums nous, ge a nos Es- 
chekers a Westmoster et aylours eynt nos resorers 
et nos Barouns illucs 


¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (i810 
kynge eschekere, Sir Hugh of 
celere, Walter of Admundesham he was tresorere. 1875 
Stusss Const. Hist. 1. xi. 377 The Exchequer of the Nor- 
man kings was the court in which the whole financial busi- 
ness of the country was transacted. 

b. Chancellor of the Exchequer: an officer ori- 
ginally appointed in the reign of Henry III. as 
assistant to the treasurer; now the responsible 
finance minister of the United Kingdom: see 
CHANCELLOR 3. 

ce. Exchequer of the Jews (L. scaccarium Judw- 
orum) : in the thirteenth century, a department of 
the Exchequer which had charge of the collection 
of the revenues exacted from the Jews. (See C. 
Gross Exchequer of the Jews in Papers read at the 
Anglo-Jewish Exhibition, 1887.) 

3. (More fully Court of Exchequer, Exchequer 
of Pleas.) A court of law, historically representing 
the Anglo-Norman exchequer in its judicial capa- 
city. By eo Act of 1873 it was con- 
verted into ‘ The Exchequer Division’ of the High 
Court of Justice, and by Order in Council in 1881 
this was merged in the Queen’s Bench Division. 

The jurisdiction of the court was theoretically confined to 
matters of revenue, but in practice was gradually extended 
to all kinds of cases (except ‘real actions’) by means of the 
legal fiction that the wrong suffered by the plaintiff had 
rendered him unable to pay his debts to the king. In ad- 
dition to its jurisdiction at common law, the court had a 
jurisdiction in ee in 1841. In its latest form 
it consisted of tl ie 


TV... 
. 31814 Scorr Wav. gyn et into Ex- 
dae if you do net thik proper so:vend aay sateaiiens 
b. As the designation of analogous courts in 
uots. “The Exchequer 
in 1856 (19 and 20 
to the 


of Scotland was abolish 
Vict. c. 6), its functions being transferred 
Court of —— root s 4 

1816 £) 4. Perth, 204/2 rt of exchequer 
Scotland has the same and jurisdiction as that of 
England. Act 34 4 Will. 1V,c. 13 All the Powers 

the said Barons of the 

chequer in Scotland | from and after 


Court of Ex- 
the passing of this 

Act cease and determine. 
4. The office or department of the public service, 
which is charged with the receipt and custody of 
the moneys collected by the several departments 


of revenue. 


In early use not distingui: Treasury; but the 
department of state called the T: has not since the 
rsth century exercised directly the € 
indicated by its name. The office charged with the custody 


of the revenues was in theory a branch of the Court of Ex- 
Santer, the Bertopior ap ttccaipe oc ante 
‘eceipt, or . 

to distingui riya Satan ik halet rh Sor ores ap 
y the Exchequer and Audit Act 1866, the offices 

of Comptroller of the Exchequer and Auditor General, and 

presided, were united. 

r i yyn thou maist not 
M The hich Houshold may sone 
be estensydl “by the Clerks of th EDEN 


to 


juer. 
The Contrerollour ought to keepe a countre 
tresorer of the warderobe. .and testefy it in thexcheker upon 
the thresorers account. 1638 Dk. Hamitton in //7. Papers 


EXCHEQUER. 


(Camden) 54 Itt onlie restheth hou he shall be payed, for in 
your excheker heire ther is none. . 1672 CoweL /xterpr. 
s. v., The other [part of the court] is called The Receit of 
the Exchequer, which is properly employed in the receiv- 
ing and paying of Money. | 1753 Cuambers Cycd. corn. ha Vey 
Exchequer is more particularly used for a chamber, or 
apartment, in Westminster-hall, consisting of two parts .. 
the lower Exchequer. 1788 Priestiey Lect. Hist. v. lxiv. 
514 The money is lying in the exchequer to discharge the 
interest of the old debt. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. III. 
vi. 370 His [Grenville’s] desire was for .. a tellership in the 
exchequer. 

b. The Exchequer: short for ‘the contents of 
the Exchequer’. 

1647 Crarenvon Hist. Red. 1, (1843) 2/1 The exchequer 
being so exhausted with the debts of king James. 1671 
C. Hatron in Hatton Corr. (1878) 62 Y° exchequer is at soe 
low an ebbe. 

5. In extended sense: A royal or national trea- 
sury. 

1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Ad xrarium rationes has 
rveferre, to bring in his accompt to the escheker. 1600 Hot- 
LAND Livy xxiv. xxiv. 525 The souldiours were. .dayly main- 
teined and fed out of the Kings eschequer. 1756-7 tr. 
ip sii Trav. (1760) IV. 222 The exchequer for aceary 
is ~~ at Presburg. 1783 Watson Philip IIT (1839) 221 
For the benefit of his exchequer, he might sell the rest for 
slaves to his Christian subjects in Spain and Italy. st 
H. H. Witson Brit. /ndia 11. 471 A surplus revenue an 
an unembarrassed exchequer. 1855 Prescort Philip 1/, 1. 
ii. (1857) 19 It seemed to his Spanish subjects that he rarely 
visited them, except when his exchequer required to be 
replenished, 

b. fig. (Common in 17th c.; now rare.) 

1589 Nasue Greene’s Arcadia Pref. (1616) 6 The Exche- 
quer of eloquence, Sir John Cheeke. 1596 — Saffron 
Walden 75 He would..bee a more rare Exchequer of the 
Muses, than rich Gaza for wealth. 1633 Heywoop Zug. 
Trav. u. Wks. 1874 IV. 31 Of all the ‘Treasures of my 
Hopes and Loue, You were th’ Exchequer, they were Stor'd 
in you. 1660 BoyLe Sevagh. Love xiv. (1700) 91 Love it- 
self (that poor man’s Surety and Exchequer), 1737 M. 
Green Spleen (R.), School-helps I want, to..commit a 
theft On wealth in Greek exchequers left. 1881 G. W. 
Caste Mime. Delphine ii. 1o The soul of honour .. frank 
—the very exchequer of truth. 

6. ¢ransf. The pecuniary possessions, the ‘ cash- 
box’, ‘ purse’, of a private person, a society, etc. 

1618 Botton Florus (1636) 216 The poore should live upon 
their own exchequer. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxviii. 
455 A palace and a coach, an exchequer full of gold .. are 
all the grounds of the respect that they pay us. 1685 SouTH 
Serm. (1737) 1. x. 384 A command, or call to be liberal .. 
shuts up every private man’s exchequer. 1823 Lams Elia 
(1867) 32 These were ..feeders of his exchequer. .to whom 
he had occasionally been beholden fora loan. 1855 THACK- 
ERAY Fatal Boots iii, The .. impoverished state of my ex- 
chequer. 

7. attrib, and Comb., as excheguer-book, -bullion, 
-chancellor (rare), -standard. Also exchequer- 
bill, a bill of credit issued by authority of Parlia- 
ment (first in 1696), bearing interest at the current 
rate; hence exchequer-bill-office, the office 
where exchequer-bills are issued and received ; 
exchequer-bond, a bond (see BonpD 10) issued 
by the Exchequer at a fixed rate of interest and 
for a fixed period ; exchequer-court = Court of 
Exchequer (see 3); also, ‘the Prerogative Court 
of the alpernen | of York’ (Bailey); exchequer- 
man, an official of the exchequer; exchequer- 
note = exchequer-bill; exchequer-tallies (see 
TALLY), the notched sticks with which the ac- 
counts of the Exchequer were formerly kept. Also 
EXCHEQUER-CHAMBER. 

17ox Lond. Gaz. No. 3694/4 Lost .. 3 *Exchequer Bills of 
52 each. 1799 Hist. Europe in Aun. Reg. 191/1 Exche- 

uer-bills to the amount of £3,000,000, 1855 MacauLay 

ist. Eng. 1V. 698 In the midst of the general distress and 
confusion appeared the first Exchequer Bills. 1813 Zx- 
aminer 12 Apr. 237/1 A crowd of brokers .. beset the *Ex- 
chequer-Bill-Office. 1859 MeCuttocu Dict. Commerce 611 
In 1853 *Exchequer Bonds were issued bearing interest at 
2% per cent. for ten years, 1824 R. Warr Bibl. Brit. 410/1 
The *Exchequer Book, entitled Liber Niger Scaccarii. 
1805 P, L. D. BonHote gi Logarithm Tables, adapted 
to the calculation of *Exchequer Bullion. 1824 Byron ¥xax 
xvi. xcviii, All *Exchequer Chancellors endeavour. .to dis- 
pense with Cocker’s rigours. 1721-1800 BatLey, */xche- 
quer Court. 1853 Marspen Early Purit. 401 A merchant 
of London was brought before the “exchequer court for not 
paying tonnage and poundage. 1579 ‘Tomson Calvin's 
Serm. Tim. 223/1 We shall lack no *Eschequer man to 3d 
vs in shute. 1625 in Rushw. H7s¢. Cod/. (1659) I. 207 The 
Beegoe ean making his profit from the Kings wants. 
1795 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 1796, 70/1 The discount 
given occasionally on *Exchequer notes was equally dis- 
creditable and alarming. 1 ;R. Mason in Bulwer A nthro- 
Zomet, Let. to Author, And so insolently violate the *Ex- 
chequer standard of Heaven without a blush. 1690 CHILD 
Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 21 Such as have disposed of his Majesty’s 
*Exchequer-tallies. 

Exchequer (eks;t{e-kox), v. [f. prec.] 

1. trans. To place in an exchequer or treasury ; 
to treasure up. Ods. rave". 

1705 HickeRINGILL Priest-cr. u. vii. 67 Vast Bulk and 
Heaps of Treasure exchequer’d in the Lateran Palace. 

2. To proceed against (a person) in the Court 
of Exchequer. 

1809 Chvon. in Ann. Reg. 408/2 The lord was exche- 
quered ; that is, the attorney-general filed his information 
against him. 1844 J. T. Hewretrr Parsons §& W. xl, If 
ever he heard of Titus. .shooting..on his grounds again, he 


379 


would exchequer him as sure as he was born. 1864 Sir F. 
Parcrave Norm. & Eng. 1V. 215 Anselm was Exchequered 
for the imputed fault. 

b. (See quot. 1867). 

1828 SourHEy in Q. Rev. XXXVIII. 93 The vessel 
was seized by a custom-house officer, brought back and 
exchequered. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk, Exchequered, 
seized by government officers as contraband. 

Exchequer-chamber. Also CHEQUER- 
CHAMBER. 

1. The chamber devoted to the business of the 
royal exchequer. 

(1494-1611: see CHEQUER-CHAMBER 1.] 1819 Pantologia 
s.v. Exchequer, The court of equity is held in the exche- 
quer chamber before the treasurer, chancellor, and barons. 

2. ‘A tribunal of error and appeal’ (Wharton) 
abolished in 1875 by the Judicature Acts, which 
transferred its jurisdiction to the Court of Appeal. 

[1528-1714 : see CHEQUER-CHAMBER 2.] 1640 SAINT-JOHN 

title), Argument on the case of Ship-money, before the 

udges in the Exchequer-Chamber. 1768 BLacKsTONE 
Comm. I11. 56 The court of exchequer chamber. .then con- 
sists of all the judges of the three superior courts. 1827 
Hatiam Const, Hist. (1876) Il. xviii. 18 The cause .. was 
heard .. before all the judges in the exchequer-chamber. 
1838 Penny Cycl. X. 110/2 The Court of Exchequer chamber 
was first erected in England by stat. 31 Edw. III. 1848 
Wuarton Law Lev. s.v. Exchequer. The 40 Geo. III. c. 
39, established a Court of Exchequer Chamber in Ireland. 

Exchete, -er, -our, obs. f. EScHEAT, -oR. 

Exchew(e, -chue, obs. ff. EscHEw v.! 

Excide (eksai'd), vl [ad. L. excidé-re to cut 
out, f. ex- out + cedére to cut.) trans. To cut 
out. Also fig. Hence Exci-ded A#/. a. 

1758 J.S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) 78 We were 
obliged to excide. the Bigness of a large Nut. 1819 Lams 
Final Mem., To Wordsw. 250 The gods .. cut off every 
seed of envy in his bosom. But with envy they excided 
curiosity also, 1883 American VI. 397 The excided parts. 
1888 GLADSTONE in 19th Cent. May 781 Our Lord's divinity 
draws after it all that Robert Elsmere would excide. 

+ Exci‘dion. Os. rare—'. [ad. L. excédion- 
em destruction, believed to be f. exscid-, exscind- 
ére to extirpate, destroy, f. ex- out + scindére to 
cut.) Extirpation, destruction. 

1490 Caxton Exeydos i, (1890) 11 Troye was enuyronned in 
fourme of siege, and of excidyon, by Agamenon. 

+ Exci‘pient, @. and sé. Ods. [ad. L. exci- 
prent-em, pr. pple. of excipére to take out, except, 
take up, teceive, f. ex- out + capere to take.] 

A. adj. That takes exception ; objecting. 

1726 Ay.irre Parerg. 252 The persons pronouncing it 
[Excommunication], ought to be set forth in the Pleading 
by the Party Excipient within eight Days. : 

B. sd. 1. One who takes up or receives in suc- 
cession. rare. 

1852 Jait’s Mag. XX. 605 That excipient of avuncular 
traditions first quotes from the reply made by Napoleon. 

2. (See quot. 1753.) 

1753 CuamBers Cycl. Supp., Excipient..aterm used to ex- 
press that ingredient in a compound medicine, the business 
of which is to receive all the rest; such is the conserve in 
electuaries, the syrup in bolusses, &c. 1831 J. Davies 
Manual Mat, Med. 25 The excipient serves as a vehicle. 
1890 Nation (N. Y.) 10 Apr. 287/2 Sugar of milk..as an 
excipient in such medicines as lacto-peptine, Pepsine, etc. 

3. The material or surface that receives the pig- 
ments in painting. 

1855 tr. Ladarte’s Arts Mid. Ages iv. 101 Painting on a 
metallic excipient. : ’ ae 

Exciple (eksip’l), Excipule (e'ksipiz). 
Anglicized forms of next. 

1866 in Treas. Bot. aad : 

|| Excipulum (eksi:pizlim). Bot. [L. exci- 
pulum a receptacle, found only in pl., f. excipére : 
see Exctpient.] A layer of cells lying beneath 
and partially enclosing, as a cup, the APOTHECIUM 
(q.v.) in lichens. 

1857 BerKELey Cryftog. Bot. § 292. 284 The form of the 
aperture depends upon the form i the apothecium, or ex- 
cipulum, the margins of which are rounded. 1874 Cooke 
Fungi 37 There is no proper excipulum or peridium, 1882 
Vines Sachs’ Bot. 324 The part of the thallus which sur- 
rounds the excipulum rises and grows with it forming a 
bowl-like rim. : 

Excisable (eksoi:z4b’l), a1 [f. Excise v.1 + 
-ABLE.] Needing to be excised or expunged. 

1855 Chamb. Frul. IV. 362 There are excisable passages 
in Shakspeare. 

Excisable (eksai:zab’l), a2 Also 7-9 ex- 
ciseable, [f. Excise v.2 + -aBLE.] Of things : 
Liable or subject to excise duty. Of persons: 
Liable to the egy epaees of excise duty. = 

1689 Lond. Gaz. No. 2416/3 The Brewers and Retailers 
of Excisable Liquors. 1797 Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. 
VIII. 406 The general licences which the law requires to 
be taken out by all dealers in exciseable commodities. 1858 
Bricut Sp. Reform 21 Dec., Every man who .. consumes 
any exciseable articles, pays taxes. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. 
U.S. I. xxii. 563 The Americans were henceforward ex- 
cisable and taxable at the mercy of parliament. Mod. Advt., 
I, A. B. .. do hereby give notice that it is my intention to 
apply. .for a License to sell Excisable Liquors by Retail. 

Excise (eksoi‘z), sd. Also 5, 7 excyse, 7 ac- 
cize, 7-8 accise. [app. a. MDu. excijs, exaits (1406 
in Keurboeken van de Stad Leiden 14), also accijs, 
prob. ad. OF. acceis tax (12th c., riming with 


” 


‘EXCISE. 


defeis:—L. defénsum) or some earlier form :—late 
L. type *accensum, verbal sb. f. accénsdre to tax 
(whence OF. accenser, acenser), f. ad to + cénsus 
tax: see CENSUS. 

OF. had also the learned form accens, whence prob. 
MDu. excijns, exchijns, mod.Du. accijus. For the treat- 
ment of late L. or primitive Romanic a(x)s in early adoptions 
into Du., cf. Du. sf77s viand, repr. late L. expénsa, and cijns 
repr. L. cénsus. ‘The mod.F. accise occurs only with refer- 
ence to the Low Countries and England, and is _prob. 
adopted from Du. A med.L. accis‘a is mentioned by Du 
Cange (who gives no quots.) as occurring in imperial docu- 
ments as a variant of assisa (see Assizr); this may be a 
latinization of the MDu. word. In Du. the two words acci/s 
‘excise’ and assijs ‘ assize’ have been to a great extent con- 
fused, having both the meaning ‘tax’; the Du. etymologists 
regard the former as a corruption of the latter, and the form 
accijns as a further corruption due to confusion with c/jxs, 
Lat. census. By Lat. writers in the Low Countries (16-17th 
c.) the word is often rendered by excensus. The notion of 
derivation from L. excisus ‘something cut out’ (cf. Excise 
v.1) may have been the cause of the substitution of e.r- for 
ac- in the MDu. form.) 

1. gen. Any toll or tax. 

Ane Commercial Treaty Eng. §& Florence in Rymer 
Fed. X11. 391 Quas excisas, gabellas, et dacias dicti subditi 
Regis Angliz in dicta civitate Pisarum solvent et dabunt.] 
1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 505 As well by chaungynge of 
the moneys as other many vnlefull excysys. 1555 Brav- 
Forp in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xlv. 135 So wyll they... 
bringe in excises upon cytie and vyllage. 1622 MALYNES 
Anc. Law-Merch. 193 Whereas Customes, Subsidies, Imposi- 
tions, Toles, Accizes, Imposts and other duties. .are due by 
the Law of Nations. 1631 Massincer Emperor East 1. ii, 
No man should dare To. .kill a hen Without excise. a 1763 
Suenstone Lezities, Stanzas, He .. Full gladly pays four 
parts in eight To taxes and excises. 

2. spec. ‘A duty charged on home goods, either 
in the process of their manufacture or before their 
sale to the home consumers’ (Avcycl. Brit.). In 
England this kind of taxation was first adopted in 
1643, in acknowledged imitation of the example 
of Holland. It long continued to be highly un- 
popular; see Johnson’s definition below. 

‘The taxes levied under the name of Excise by the Ordin- 
ance of 1643 included certain duties imposed, in addition to 
the customs, on various foreign products; it was not until 
the present century that the actual use of the word became 
strictly conformed to the preceding definition. 

a. in Holland. 

1596 SrpeNnsER State [rel Wks. (Globe) 669/2 All the townes 
of the Lowe-Countreyes doe cutt upon themselves an ex- 
cise of all thinges towarde the mayntenaunce of the warre. 
1613 in North. N. & Q. 1. 73 The Consergerie is frie of all 
excyses of wyne and beir. c 164s Howevt Zefét. 1.1. vii, 
The monstrous Accises which are impos’d upon all sorts of 
Commodities [in Amsterdam]. 1665 Surv. Af Netherd. 193 
Their very enemies, though they hate the States, yet love 
their Liquor, and pay Excise. 1690 Cuitp Disc. Trade 
(ed. 4) 5 The lowness of their customs, and the height of 
their excise, which is certainly the most equal and indifferent 
tax inthe world. 

b. in England or the United Kingdom. 

1642 Declar. Ho. Com. 8 Oct., Aspersions are by malignant 
persons cast upon this House that they intend to .. lay ex- 
cizes upon.. commodities. 1643 Ord. Lords §& Com. 22 
July § 2 An Office..is hereby erected. .called or known by 
the name of the Office of Excise or New Impost. 1647 
Crarenvon /fist, Red, vit. (1843) 4731/1 This [July 22, 1643] 
was the first time that ever the name of the payment of ex- 
cise was heard of, or practised in England. 1667 Marve.i 
To a Painter, Excise ..With hundred rows of teeth, the 
shark exceeds, And on all trades like Cassawar she feeds. 
1755 JOHNSON £.xcise, a hateful tax levied upon commo- 
dities, and adjudged not by the cofimon judges of property, 
but wretches hired by those to whom excise is paid. 1776 
Apa Situ HW, N, (1869) IL. v. ii. 492 Such duties. . become 
properly a sort of inland customs or excises. 1845 M*CuLLocu 
Taxation ui. vi. § 1 (1852) 271 The duty on bricks, the article 
most recently subjected to the excise, was imposed in 1784. 

ce. in the United States. 

1789 T. Jerrerson Writ, (1859) II. 17 Excise is a duty 
--paid in the hands of the consumer or retailer. /dd. But 
in Massachusetts they have perverted the word excise to 
mean a tax on all liquors, whether paid in the moment of 
importation or at a later moment, and on nothing else. 1875 
A. Detmar in Fohnson's New Univ. Encyct., Excise .. in 
the U.S. .. is confined to the tax on the production or sale 
of spirituous or fermented liquors, or the productive capa- 
city of liquor stills, revenue from liquor stamps, etc. 

da. Board, Commissioner, Officer, Supervisor of 
Lxcise, or Excise Revenue. 

1695 Lutrre. Brief Rel. 16 Jan., The officers of the excise 
there [Bristol] will be dismist. 1724 Watts Logic 52 A 
supervisor of the excise. 1815 Scotr Guy M. iii, I hae a 
cousin at the board of excise—that’s Commissioner Bertram. 
1819 Pantologia s.v. Excise laws, The officers of excise are 
to be appointed.. by the commissioners. /bid. s.v. Excise 
laws, Commissioners of excise are empowered to make 
restitution of exciseable goods. 1838 Penny Cycl. X.111/2 
The commissioners of excise revenue. 

e. transf. and fig. 

1658 F. Ossorne Hist. Mem. Q. Eliz. 36 Greatnesse, sel- 
dome admitted to a cheap Market: Sellers recompensing 
their want of honour, by the Excise they put on such as 
owne it. «1659 CLEVELAND (J.), Ambitious now to take 
excise Of a more fragrant paradise. a 1683 OLDHAM Poet. 
Wks, (1686) 95 And for each pleasurable sin exacts excise. 

3. Payment or imposition of excise. Obs. 

1710 STEELE Zatler No. 183 ? 1 The Brewer in his Excise, 
the Merchant in his Customs..think never the worse of 
themselves for being guilty of their respective Frauds to- 
wards the Publick. 1732 Pore Ef. Bathurst 120 Ask you 
why Phryné the whole auction buys? Phryné foresees a 
general excise. 1733 Swirr Advice to Freemen of Dublin 

8-2 


EXCISE. 


Wks. 1745 VIII. 292 A phlet printed in England by 
authority, to justify the lil for a general excise. 

The government office or department charged 
with the collection of excise. Now merged in the 
Department of Inland Revenue. 

x Cowrer 7'ask tv. 504 Th’ excise is fatten’d with the 
rich result Of all this riot, 1838 Penny Cycl. X. suf ae 
last named [tea] of these [foreign products] was last 
that was withdrawn from the management of the Excise. 
1845 MeCuttocu J'a-ration n, vi. (1852) 249 The vexatious 
surveillance formerly exercised by the excise. 1884 Por 
Eustace 220 It’s not the first time she has baulked the hun- 

hounds of the Excise. oN 

3. attrib., as excise-bill, -commissioners, -dues, 
-duty, -house, -laws, -office, people, -spies, -system, 
-yacht, etc. Excise duties, those collected by 

e Board of Inland Revenue, or its officers, com- 
prising many to which the name ‘excise does not 
properly belong, e.g. the tax for armorial bear- 
ings, game licenses, etc. Also EXxcIsEMAN. 

1733 Mayor Lonpon in Swift's Lett. 6 Aug., In the late 
affair of the *Excise Bill..I acted consistent with .. honest 
principles. 1828 Cartyte Jisc. (1857) I. 196 The Honour- 
able *Excise Commissioners. /éid. 201 Computing “excise- 
dues upon tallow. 1751 Pref Arbuthnot’s Serm. Union 
Wks. II. 174 A Barrel of Beer, or Ale..is never to pay 
more than two Shillings Sterling *Excise-Duty. 1834 Brit. 
Husb. 1. 378 In consequence of the former excise duty. .the 
use of salt, as manure, has been upon too limited a scale. 
c 1645 Howe tt Lett. (1650) II. 107 They burnt down to the 
grownd the *Excise house in Smithfield. 1765 BLackstone 
Comm. 1. 318 The rigour and arbitrary proceedings of 
*excise-laws. 1 upLow Mem. II. 59 (R.) An order 
given to the *Excise-office for satisfying an old debt. 1738 
[G. Situ] Cur. Relat, 11. 190 They go to the Accise 
Office to pay the Duty. 1820 SHeLLey (Zdipus u. i. 178 
Ladies .. Walked .. Through rebels .. Tithe-proctors, and 
*excise people, uninjured! 1 
Wks. 1875 1V. 10 They itinerated like *excise-spyes from 
one house to another. 1873 Financial Reformer May 78 
note, Exactly descriptive of the effects of our *Excise sys- 
tem. 1815 Scotr Guy M. iii, Little curlie Godfrey. .he’s on 
board an “excise yacht. 

Excise (eksai:z), v.! [f. L. excis- ppl. stem of 
excidére to cut out, f. ex- out + cadre to cut.) 

+1. trans. To cut off a portion of skin from (a 
person); = CrrcumctsE 1. The quots. refer chiefly 
to an analogous operation upon females. 

1634 Sir T, Hersert Trav. 168 Such women or girles of 
Christians that live in slavery, by price or conquest, are ex- 
cised forceably. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet. Pref., Women 
are, as an ornament, excis’'d. /bid. xx. 209 The Mahomet- 
ans of Africa do excise themselves. 

2. To cut out (a passage or sentence) from the 
context ; to expunge. 


1 

cis'd what they liked not. 1874 H. R. Reynotps Yohn 
Baft. ii. 68 Marcion excised other portions of the Gospel 
which contradict his views. 1884 Manch, Exam. 9 a 
5/6 All reference to Ireland shall be excised from the Bill. 

3. To cut out (a limb, organ, etc.). Also fig. 

1836 Toop Cyc/. Anat. 1. 792/2 The heart of a salamander 
may be excised, and yet the animal will live for several 
hours. 1875 E. WHITE ny in Christ m. xx. (1878) 278 We 
do not understand how by transgression he [Adam] suc- 
ceeded in excising one part of his nature. 

4. To cut or hollow out; tonotch. Chiefly Bot. 
and Zool. 

1578 Banister ///st. Man 1. 32 The transuerse Processes 
of Os sacrum .. are excised, and engrauen. 1851 Darwin 
Cirripedia 121 Scutal margin [of Dichelapsis warwick) 
deeply excised at a point corresponding with the apex of 
the scuta. 1870 Hooxfk Stud. Flor. 102 Vicia sativa... 
leaflets linear-obovate, obtuse truncate or excised at the 
tip. 

Hence Bxci'sed f#/. a.: see 3 and 4. 

1866 T. Wricnt in /ntel?. Observ. No. 50. 143 Excised 
marks and sculptures on stones. 1871 Daily News 13 Feb., 
On either side of the excised joints. 

Excise (eksai-z), 7.2. [f. Excise sb.J 

+1. trans. a. To impose an excise or tax upon 
(a thing). Also ¢vansf. and fig. Ods. 

1652 Bentowes 7heoph, mt. xcix. 49 Love, Thou canst.. 
such oregrown Behemoths please As tax the scaly Nation, 
and excise the Seas. a@1659 CLevetann Hue § Cry iii, 
When zealous hinting and the yawn Excise our Miniver 
and Lawn, 1662 Petry 7axes 24 The first way we pro- 

, is, to excise the very land itself in kind. 1761 
Cavncmes Night in Chalm. Poets X1V. 286 No Statesman 
e’er will find it worth his pains To tax our labours, and ex- 
cise our brains. a 1764 Lioyp Charity Poet. Wks. v7 Il 
155 Worth is excis’d, and Virtue pays A heavy Tax for bar- 
ren praise. 1765 BLackstone Comm, I. 320 Brandies and 
other spirits are now excised at the distillery, 

b. To force (a person) to pay an excise-due ; 
hence, to overcharge ; also fig. 

a16s9 Creverann London Lady in Wks. (1687) o78 
Thus purely now herself homewards she packs, Excis’d in 
all the dialects of her knacks: Squeezed to the utmost 
Thread, and latest Grain. 1687 W. W. in Cleveland's Wks. 
281 Yet did he ne'er Excise the Natives; nor Made For- 
reign Mines unto his Mint bring Oar, 1732 Pore Hor, Sat. 
tt, 1, 134 In Southsea days not happier, when surmis’d The 

of Thousands, than if now Excis’d. 1815 Scorr Guy 
M. xiiv, ‘We'll no excise you neither, though we live sae 
near the Custom-house.” ¢1830 — AMonast. Introd. Ep., 
* I wadna hae excised Johnnie.’ 

+2, To deduct bd way of excise, Ods. rare". 

19713 Guardian 11 May (1756) 232 Tis impossible to con- 
ceive that more than ith part can be excised from 
the exp of your subj 

Hence Exci'sing f//. a. 


pee 


Marvett Mr. Smirke | 


| underwent another excision. 
| 1v. ix. (1863) I. 60 The manlier and more vigorous feelings 
| and emotions did not undergo excision. 


380 


1735 Pore Donne, Sat. w. 147 Shortly no lad shall 
excising Cou 


or lady vole, But some rtier will have toll. 
Exciseman (eksoizmén). [f. Excise sb. + 
Man.] An officer employed to collect excise 
duties and prevent infringement of the excise laws. 
1647 S. SHEPPARD nee Committee Man curried .. 
i i e of Committee Men 


A iy. .dii the Corruption 
and Excisemen. 1681 epmAUx Lett. (Camden) ag 
mayor haveing unreasonably taken many licences ale 
houses without a legal cause, the excisemen came and com- 
—— to the Vice-Chancellor of it. @1704 T. Brown 

‘able T. Poems 133 A broken Shopkeeper, ends in an Ex- 
ciseman. 1789 BB pent im! View Derbyshire 1. 405 
Math ical rulers and exci: 's gauging sticks. 1828 
Cartyte Crit. & Misc. Ess., Burns s. VII. 67 To- 
morrow he must go drudge as an exciseman. 1863 Fawcett 
Pol. Econ. w. iii. 557 The exciseman can visit the malt- 
house whenever he p 

Hence Exci‘semanship, the office of exciseman. 

3837 Locknart Life Scott (F. Hall). _ : 

Excision (eksi-zan), [ad. (either directly or 
through Fr. exctsion), L. excistén-em, n. of action 
f. excidére: see EXcsE v.1] 

1. The action or process of cutting off or out (any 
part of the body). 

1541 R. Coptanp Galyen's Terap.2A ij b, Holowe viceres 
«.procede of two causes, that is to wete of excysyon and of 
eroysion. 1641 Symonps Serm. bef. Ho. Com Dij b, Ina 
gangrzene to endure the excision of a limb. 1758 Tomson 
/dler No. 17 ® 5 The excision or laceration of the vital 

arts. 1836 Topp Cyct. Anat. 1. 462/1 Excision of the 
lower jaw. 1864 Sat. Rev. 21 May, Slitting of noses and 
excision of ears had, indeed, gone out of fashion. 


. fig. 
1791 Han. More Relig. Fash. World 133 A christian life 
seems to consist of two things. .the adoption of good habi 


its, 
and the excision of suchas are evil. 1796 Morse A mer. Geog. 


EXCITATION. 


oo 1807 J. E. Swit Phys. Bot. 65 In forced 
agers 5 or..excitability, is exhausted. 

pt ate fae aes P Poe joy ts in har- 

mony between excital ving creature, 

wan in Circ. Sc. oe 3/t a WS are 


bil 1866 Hose Phy (8 ) azo The excitability 


of the retina is readily 

Excitable (eksitib’l), 2. [ad. L. excitabilis, 
f. excitare: see Excite v, Cf. Fr. excitable.) 
Capable of being excited; prone to, or susceptible 
of, excitement ; easily excited. Const. 0. 

1609 Br. Bartow Answ, Nameless Catholic 305 Their 
are liable to Deposing and killing ; and their Sub- 
iects excitable to Insurrection. a 1677 Barrow Sere. xxxii. 
Wks. 1741 I. His affections were .. excitable by their 
due = Lytron £. Maltrav. 25 His flexile and 
excitable fancy was 


juri thousand 
Miss Brappon £, S Viet. Ai att 
which 


shapes. 
s Vict. 1. ii, One of those excitable 
dure the i vse, Loe 
@ 1864 HawtHorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) 1. 53 He is.. 


wonderfully excitable to "i 

Hence Exci-tableness, the condition or quality 
of being excitable. 

owett Plato (ed. 2) V. 238 A precaution against the 

Ph eid of youth, * 

E-xcitancy. [f. next: see -ancy.] The pro- 
perty of exciting or calling into activity. 

1834 Corertpce Lit. Rem. IV. 25 The active life or ex- 
—— to the former, the passive life or excitability 
tot er. 


Excitant (eksitant, ekssi-tint), a. and sd. [ad. 
L. excitant-em, i" pple. of exctfare: see EXciTE. 


| Cf. Fr. excitant. 


II. 256 By a manifesto published March 25, 1793. .it [Poland] | 


1851 Rosertson Sevm. Ser. 


1878 Lecxy Fug. 
in 18th C. 1. iii. 435 Defoe and the Speaker Onslow both 


| desired the excision of rotten boroughs. 


2. The action of cutting off from existence; de- 
struction; extirpation; the condition or state of 
being cut off. Also fig. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xxi. (1890) 76 All the grekes folke 
swore that troye shold be distroyed. ‘he harde conspyr- 
acion of the same grete excysion was made ferre from my 
lande. 153t Etyor Gov. II. mt. xxiii, 358 O poure and 
miserable citie! what sondry tourmentes, excisions. .and 
other euill aduentures hathe hapned unto the. 1626 Donne 
Serm. xxi. 211a, It shall not work as a Circumcision, but 
as an Excision ; not as a lopping off, but as a rooting up. 
1 C. Matuer A/agn. Chr. 1. ui. (1852) 58 Lest the inha- 


| bitants of Plymouth should revenge that excision of their 


647 J. BirkenneaD Assembly-Man To Rdr., They Ex- | 


countrymen. 1846 Trencu Mirac, xxiii. (1862) 343 That 


accursed race once doomed of God to a total excision, root — 


and branch. 


3. The action of cutting off (a person) from a | 


religious society ; excommunication. 

1647 Power of Keys iv. 74 Exc 
the excision from all or any degree of Communion i# sacris. 
1699 Burnet 39 Art. xvi. (1700) 143 Among the Jews some 
sins were punished by a total excision or cutting off. 1834 
Caunter Orient, Ann. ix. 118 Doomed to the penalties of 
everlasting excision. 1879 Farrar St, Paul 1.92 A wrong 
.. which the Mosaic law had punished with excision from 
the congregation. z 

4. The action of cutting out or erasing (a pas- 
sage from a book, a clause from a bill, ete.) ; an 
instance of the same. 

1858 GLapstone Homer I, 42 Shall we. .hold the received 
text provisionally and subject to excision. 1881 — Sf. at 
Leeds Oct., It would be my imperative duty to make large 
excisions. 1884 Manch. Guard. 3 Oct. 5/5 To throw upon 
the House of Commons the excision of the proposed clause. 

5. The action of cutting or hollowing out: in 
quot. concr, A space hollowed out. rare. 

1823 J. Bavcock Dom. A musem. 29 A spade-deep excision 


Cer 4 =: 
ation .. 


| for the poe .to rest upon, 


Excisor (eksi‘z51). rare. [f. Exctse v.2 + -on.] 


| An exciseman. 


1835 Blackw. Mag. XX XVII. 859 No longer excisors and 
curs'd supervisors hall vexus. 

Excitability (eksoi:tabi'liti). [f. next: see -rry. 
Cf. Fr. excttabilité.} 

1. The quality of being excitable, liability or 
tendency to excitement ; in #/. excitable feeli 

a@ 1803 Foster in Lhe Corr. (1846) I, 187 Excitement 
is excitability too, 1840 CartyLe /erves (1858) 250, I fancy, 
the rigorous earnest man, with his keen excitabilities, was 
not altogether easy to make happy. 1863 Geo, Exsor Xo- 
mola III. 60 Romola. .shrank .. from the shrill excitability 
of those illuminated women. 


2. Phys. Of an animal or vegetable o or 
tissue: The capacity of being excited to phage 
acteristic activity by the action of a specific stim- 
ulus. (In the Brunonian physiology excitability 
or incitability was demanded as the essential prin- 
ciple of vitality; the earlier quots, refer more or 
less to this theory.) 


v . Brown Elem, Med. § 14 The property, by which 
be ee of powers act, should be named Rectal ; 
and the th Exciting Powers. 1799 


Darwin Phytol. xtv. i. i. 316 The buds of vegetables .. pos- 

sess irritability, and sensibility, and voluntarity, and have 

associations of motion ., But .. the three latter tinds of ex- 
in a much less degree by vegetabl 


A. adj. That rouses, excites, or stimulates ; ex- 
citing, stimulating. Cf. Excrre, senses 1, 4, 6. 
1607 R. CrackentHorP Serm. (1608) 11 Gods e, in our 
conversion, is not onely an excitant but a viuificant grace. 
1661 Br. NicHoison £.xf. Catech. (1678) 60 The Donation 
of Heavenly Grace .. excitant, adjuvant, or co-operant. 
r Phil. Trans. LXAIIL. 337 Cushions .. covered with 
silk .. are much more powerfully excitant. 1801 Med. Fra. 
V. 471 The excitant powers of the fixed alkali were not at 
all, or very little known. 1860 Mayne £xf. Lex., Excitant, 
raising up; exciting ; provoking ; stimulating. 7 
B. sh. An agent which excites (organs or tissues) 


to increased vital activity ; a stimulant. Also, an 
agent for inducing electrical action. 

1833 Coterince Zable-t. 2 Sept., The English affect 
stimulant nourishment—beef and beer. The French ex- 
i . «alcohol, ch Blackw. Mag. XX XIX. 


Salts are the excitants of the growth of 
epForD Sailor's Pocket-bk. viii (ed. 2) 300 i warm 
.. should only be employed as a y exci 1885 
Pall Mall G. 11 Feb. 4/2 A weak solution of potash as the 
excitant. 


+ Exxcitate, v. Ods. Also 6 exitat. Pa. tense 
6 excitate. [f. L. excitat- ppl. stem of excitare: 
see Exorre.] = Excite. 

1548 Br. Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. iv, To shew 
what profit followeth the doing of it, that the commodity 
might excitate the mind. 1560 Rottanp Crt, Venus 1. 435 
Thir wordis scho said richt sone him excitate. 1591 NasHEe 
Prognost. 3 Celestiall bodies, whose influence exitat 
and ng vot continuall mutability in the lower region. 1€46 
Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. iv. 81 If you touch a piece 
of wax already excitat i 


with common oyle, it will .. at- 


tract. — Hydriot, Their iterated clamations to 
ye gy pone dying 7 d 2 i evs Srantey Hist. 

ilos. ) t was the custom Pythagoreans 
as pane Cre ad, to cnclinta their souls with the Lute. 

Hence E-xcitating f//. a. 

a 1643 J. Suute ro. $ Mercy (1645) 29 The sinnes of 
other men, they may the ll, irritating, exi 4 
cause of Gods judgements, 

Excitation (eksit-fan). Also’ 5-6 exce-, 


excitacion, -ioun, excytacyon. [a. F. excitation, 
ad. L. excitation-em, n. of action f. excitare to 
Excite.) 

1. The action of exciting (in various senses of 
the verb); an instance of + By (a person's) 
excitation ; at (a person’s) instigation. rare or arch. 
in general sense. 

1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxi, 139 Thurgh comforth of 
paire des and itacioun of paim, we schrafe vs clene 
and herd messe. 1462 Epw. IV, in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 41 1. 

lici yle and exitacion of Margaret his 
©1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xx. (1890) 69 The.. 


made vnto me, 1548 iy eaphctpend Se age} a Wilma 
fessed, that he was there by myne excitacion. ? 

Contn. Holinshed U1. 1413/1 Bookes conteining 
seditious, and slanderous citation 


gifts in us, where! 

« Scorr Chr. Life (1747) 
races of Prayer in —* is 

Intercession for us. 1788 V. Kaox ‘inter Even. xiv, The 
alternate excitation of hope and fear is attended with con- 
siderable delight. 1836-7 Sim W. Hamitton et XXX. 
(1870) II. ang the ceaseless excitation of the to new 


know! k 
b. In various physical senses: +the process of 
setting in motion ; + contagion (of a putrid sub- 
stance) ; calling forth (of heat, sound, etc.); the ex- 
citing (an organ or tissue) by an external stimulus. 
1541 R. Cor.anp Contes: Form, Viv, The helpes for 
A Pia 


III. 95 His Ex- 
led his making 


pos ag my fed, Frni. VIIL Opi | ge 
4 4 + 333 Opium acts ily on 
the living principle, or, as he terms it, excitability of the 


sores are that requyre 
ee setaea . MSZ Recven again By Ls proper ecient. 
he vs heaven By his excitacion. 


. 


EXCITATIVE. 


1626 Bacon Sylva § 330 The Second [means to induce Putre- 
faction] is by Inuitation or Excitation ; as when a Rotten 
Apple lieth close to another Apple that is Sound. 183 
Brewster Vat. Magic. xiii. 331 Highly expansive elements 
.. called into tremendous action by the excitation of heat. 
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. (1867) § 79 The order of ex- 
citation is from muscles that are small..to those which are 
larger. 1866 Huxtey Phys. ix. (1872) 222 The excitation of 
the retina proper. . ‘ 

2. A means of excitement, an influence that ex- 
cites; a stimulus, encouragement, instigation. arch. 

1627-77 FectHam Resolves 1, lxxxviii. 136 Music .. as the 
S s used it .. served still for an excitation to Valor. 
1670 Devout Commun. (1688) 65 Descend into my heart by 
the excitations of thy grace. 1755 Taytor Let. in E, Law 
Th, Relig. 4o2z,The subject yields .. the warmest, and 
strongest excitations to piety. 1817 Mar. Epcewortu Or- 
mi xxiii. (1832) 280 Tommy, with this excitation .. soon 

t to the head of his class. 1819 Sournry Lett. (1856) 

II. 163 Here is a fellow publishing the most direct excita- 
tions to assassination and rebellion. 1877 Mrs. OuiPpHANT 
Makers Flor. viii. 212 His example was a continued .. ex- 
citation to his brethren. — és 

3. The state of being excited, excitement; an 
instance of this. Now somewhat rare. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 20 They two [Galba and Vitelle] 
through her dronkenhede Of witles excitation Oppressed all 
the nacion Of Spaine. 1638 Rouse //eav. Univ. v. (1702) 
49 Kindling them unto a more Incentive Excitation. 1698 
tr. Fenelon’s Maxims of Saints 53 All hasty and unquiet 
Excitation fore-running Grace. 1830 Coteripce Zad/e-t. 
1 May, It is said that every excitation is followed by a 
commensurate exhaustion. 1 Gero. Erior Dan. Der. m. 
xxiii, His temperament was still in a state of excitation. 

4. Electricity and Magnetism, The action or 
process of inducing an electric or magnetic condi- 
tion; the condition so induced. 

1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 526 As for jet, it must 
first be excited by rubbing .. whereas the loadstone hath 
sufficient excitation from its own nature. 1709 HauKsBEE 
Phys.-Mech, Exp... (1719) 71 The Easie Excitation of the 
Electricai Matter. 1822 Imison Sc. & Art 1. 322 The simple 
rubber. .will produce a very slight excitation of the cylinder. 
1846 J. Joyce Sci. Dial. iit. Electr. 359 Electrical machines 
.. So formed as, by excitation to collect Electricity. 1871 
Tynpatt /ragm. Sc, (ed. 6) I. xiii, 375 Its polar excitation 
is at once manifested. 

Excitative (eksoi'titiv), a [a. F. excitatif, 
-?ve, as if ad. L. *excitdtiv-us, f. excitdre: see 
Excite v.] Able or tending to excite: in senses 
of the verb. Const. of. 

1490 CAXTON paben ear prised Exhortacions & pyetous 
remonstrances excytatiue of all well wyllyng. @1677 Barrow 
Exp. Creed (T.) Admonitory of duty and excitative of de- 
votion. 1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 408 The Pytha- 

oreans .. said that Fire is the .. Excitative Power. 1847 

. W. Hamitton Disg. Sabbath iv. (1848) 135 Who can say 
what shall be the growth of holiness. . where all is auspicious 
and excitative? 188x Nature XXIV. 208 [Paper read] on 
the thermal laws of the excitative spark of condensers. 

+ Excita‘tor. Oés. rare. [a. L. excttitor, 
agent-n. f. excitd-re: see EXCITATE and -or. Cf. 
Fr. excttateur.) 

1. One who excites; sfec. one whose business it 
is to rouse others from sleep. 

1688 R. Hotme Armoury m1. 182/1 The Excitator, who 
wakeneth the Jesuites in the Morning. 

2. (See quot.) 

1847 Craic, E-xcitator, an instrument employed to discharge 
a Leyden jar, or other electrical apparatus, without exposing 
the operator to the consequences of the shock. 1864 in 
Wensster; and in mod. Dicts. % 

Excitatory (eksoi'tateri), a. [f. L. excitat- 
ppl. stem of excitare (see ExcrratE) + -ory.] 
Tending to or productive of excitation ; character- 
ized or produced by excitation. 

1803 Med. ¥rni, 1X. 147 Communication was produced 
between the two armatures by a silver wire or excitatory 
arc. 1874 Cooke Fungi (1875) 58 Excitatory organs for the 
dehiscence of the asci. 1882 Nature No, 637. 258 Changes 
in the electrical relations of the two surfaces [of a leaf] 
(called the excitatory variation). /ééd. XXVI. 353 The 
excitatory motions both of plants and of animals. 

Excite (eksai't), v. Also 4-5 exite, 4-6 excyte, 
5 excit, exyte. [a. Fr. exciter (= Pr. and Sp. 
excitar), ad. L. excitare, freq. of exciére to set in 
motion, awaken, call forth, instigate, f. ex- out + 
ciére to set in motion.] 

1. trans. To set in motion, stir up. ae 

a. fig. To move, stir up, instigate, incite. 
Const. + ¢7/, to, unto; to with znf. or that (with 
subord. clause); also simply. Now only with 
mixed notion of 5. 

1340 Hampotr Psalter Prol., pe sange of psalmes. .excites 
aungels til oure help. /ééd. ix. 25 Antecrist sall .. excite 
him [God] in his synn to punysch him. 1398 Trevisa Barth. 
De P. R.v. xxiii. (1495) 131 Oxen ben excited to traueile 
more by the swete songe of the heerd than by strokes and 
pee 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. v. 12 Gwentolena. .excyted 

er Fader and frendes to make warre vpon the sayd Lotryne. 
a 1875, Asp, Parker in Farr S. P. Zitz. (1845) I. 2 Of Sab- 
bath day the solemn feast Doth vs excyte by rest, God’s 
mighty workes that we declare, 1655-60 STantey Hist. 
Philos, (1701) 185/1 Exciting the Soul of the World and 
converting it to himself. Maunprete Fourn. Ferus. 
(1732) 135 Excite those People to use a little more fervour 
in their Prayers. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. v. 118 We 
excite children by praising them. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 
Il. 1v. iv. 129 That veteran intriguer..excited his attendants 
to resist. 1839 Keicuriey Hist. Eng. 11. 54 He was sent to 
try to excite the emperor to a le. 2850 MeCosx Div. 


ea see ee 


381 


Govt. u. iii. (1874) 254 The imagination is apt to be still more 
excited by the stirring incidents of war. 

absol. ¢1380 Wycur Sed. Wks. 111. 516 pe kyng may take 
awey bes temporaltees from prelatis, whan laweful cause 
exitip. 1590 Spenser F, Q. 111. ii. 3 Whose prayse I would 
endyte..as dewtie doth excyte. 1683 Soame & DrypEn Art 
of Poetry ii. 9 There native beauty pleases and excites. 

b. To provoke, challenge. Ods. 

a 1340 HAMPoLE Psalter v. 12 Out pute paim : for pai ex- 
citi pe lord. 1388 Wycur Yudith xiv. 12 Myis ben goon 
out of her caues, and doren excite us to batel. 1485 Caxton 
Chas. Gt. 40 Of Fyerabras how he came to excyte thexersyte 
of Charles. 

+c. In physical sense: To set in motion, stir up 
(so L. excttare harenam, Sallust.) Obs. rare}. 

1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 362 He snuffs the Wind, his 
Heels the Sand excite. 

2. To rouse, awaken. 

+a. Zit. To rouse from unconsciousness. rare. 

c 1440 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xv. (Sherard MS.) ror Than 
was our lady excited and roos as it hadde ben fro sleep. 

+b. To call up (a departed spirit). Ods. rare. 

1651 Watton in Relig. Wotton. (1672) 208 Unless .. we 
could .. excite them again, and confer a while with their 
naked Ghosts. 

ec. To call forth or quicken (a faculty, feeling, 
etc.) from potential into actual existence ; to rouse 
up, awaken (what is dormant, sluggish, or latent). 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 18 Venus .. Hath yive him drinke 
.. Of thilke cuppe., whiche exciteth The lust. 1447 Boken- 
HAM Seyntys Introd. (Roxb.) 4 The fyrst cause is for to 
excyte Menys affeccyoun. 1641 WiLkins Math. Magick 1. 
i, (1648) 3 Such mysticall expressions, as might excite the 
peoples wonder. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. iv. 98 With 
Shouts, the Coward’s Courage they excite. 1699 BentLEY 
Phal. xi. 304 "Vis the design of Tragedy to excite Compas- 
sion inthe Auditory. 1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 242 The Fire 
in Lime burnt .. lies hid .. but Water excites it again. 1722 
Wo taston Relig. Nat. iii. 55 A master may, by the exer- 
cises he sets, excite the superior capacity of his scholars. 
1766 Forpyce Serm. Vug. Wome. (1767) I. iii. 103 Who can 
describe the detestation it excites? 1875 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) IV. 495 The characters excite little or no interest. 

3. To induce, elicit, provoke (actions, manifesta- 
tions); to bring about, occasion (active condi- 
tions), 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. Ixvii. (1495) 285 It isa 
generall medycyne to excyte spewynge. ¢1400 Three Kings 
Cologne (1886) 122 pe deuyll. excited. .among be pepil diuers 
opynyouns of heresy. 1576 NewTon tr. Lemnte's Coniplex. 
(1633) 104 It is expedient to excite and cherish native heat 
with exercise. 1612 Enchir. Med. 111 Through a catarrhall 
distillation the cough is excited. 1704 Penn in Pa. Hist. 
Soc. Mem. 1X. 341 Excite his return, or to send for his family 
tohim. 1786 Gitpin Mount. & Lakes Cumbld. (1788) 11. 60 
Brass guns, for the purpose of exciting echoes. 1787 WINTER 
Syst. Hush, 73 Heat .. excites and promotes a motion in 
the fluids. 1797 Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 303 
They [the English ministry] did not excite the general con- 
federacy in Europe, 1803 PAi?. Trans. XCIII. 84 The bar. . 
was melted in the strongest heat which could be excited. 
1856 Frouve //ist. Eng. (1858) II. vii. 176 [He] had .. en- 
deavoured to excite an insurrection in the eastern counties. 
1860 Motrey Netherd, (1868) I. v. 192 Fire-ships, intended 
only to excite a conflagration of the bridge. 1871 BLackir 
Four Phases i, 142 It may excite a smile when I say so. 

4. To affect by a stimulus (bodily organs or tis- 
sues), so as to produce or intensify their character- 
istic activity. 

1831 Brewster Vat. Magiciii.37 We observe it [the retina] 
to be so excited by local pressures .. as to see in total dark- 
ness moving and shapeless masses of coloured light. 1855 
Bain Senses & (nt. 1, ii. § 18 (1864) 51 Irritation or contact 
with a surface excites a single group of muscles in one way. 
1875 Darwin /usectiv. 1’. i. 4 Changes which take place 
within the cells of the tentacles when the glands are excited. 

5. In modem use: ‘To move to strong emotion, 
stir to passion; to stir up to eager tumultuous 
feeling, whether pleasurable or painful. 


1850 THACKERAY Pendennis |xi. (1879) 601 All the events of 


life, however strongly they may move or eagerly excite 
him never can remove that sainted image from his heart. 
1855-79 [see Excitep Af/. a, 1]. 1886 Leste STEPHEN Life 
H. Fawcett viii. pe? ‘The only result of his endeavours 
to bring it before the House had been to excite the Under- 
Secretary for India. 1891 Punch Cl. 121/2 ‘It excites me 
—it amuses me to talk to a cocher.’ 

6. a. Electricity and Magnetism. To induce elec- 
tric or magnetic activity in (a substance); to set 
(an electric current) in motion; also adsol. b. 
Photography. To render (a plate, etc.) sensitive to 
light ; to sensitize. 

— Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. ii. 60 If an iron or steele 
not formerly excited, be held perpendicularly or inclinatorily 
unto the needle, the lower end thereof will attract the cuspis 
or southerne point. 1827 Farapay Chem. Manip. xxiv. 631 
Excite a glass rod bysilk, 1839 G. Birp Nat. Phil. 157 The 
magnets .. are used merely to excite in the manner already 
explained. /did. 277 The remarkable fact of magnets ex- 
citing electric currents in wires moved near them. 1879 
Cassell’s Techn, Educ. WI. 270 For exciting the collodion 
film a bath should be mixed. J. C. Leake iéid. 1V. 323/2 
When excited the plate should be placed in the dark-slide, 

Excited (eksaitéd), a7. a. [f. prec. +-xp1.] 

1, Stirred by strong emotion, disturbed, agitated. 

1 Macautay fist, Eng. III. 275 The population of 
Edinburgh was in an excited state. 1864 Mrs. CARLYLE 
Lett. 111. 216 The excited people..rushed out to me, 1879 
MeCartuy Own Times 1.199 Thiers carried with him muc! 
of the excited public feeling of France. 

b. Of trade: Abnormally brisk or active. 

1878 Jevons Print. Pol. Econ. 123 Business men must 

become .. careful during excited e. 


EXCITING. 


2. a. Electricity and Magnetism. In which elec- 
trical or magnetic action has been induced ; elec- 
trized, magnetized. b. Of bodily organs or tissues : 
Affected by a stimulus. e¢. Of a seismographic 
instrument: Agitated. 

1660 BoyLe Sereda. Love 144 Excited Needles, when they 
stick fastest to each other, owe their Union to their having 
both been touched by the Loadstone. 1812 Sir H. Davy 
Chem. Philos. 129 The different states may be known by 
presenting a metallic point to the excited body. 183: Brew- 
STER New/on (1855) 1. x. 235 The visible direction of an object 
should be a line perpendicular to the curvature of the retina 
at the excited point. 1863 Tynpatt //eat ii. § 35 (1870) 37 
The excited magnetic field. 1881 Standard 12 Aug., The 
instruments become less excited, and gradually fall back to 
more normal conditions. 

Excitedly (ekssitédli), adv. [f. prec.+-Ly?.] 
In an excited manner. 

1852 J. B. Owen in Vet. Ingestre Meliora I. 137 The 
children looked excitedly at their father. 1858 Mrs. Car- 
LyLe Lett. I]. 389 He now talks incessantly, and excitedly. 
1875 Fo. Marryar Ofen Sesame I. vi, ‘Let him come’, 
cries the girlexcitedly. 1882 J. H. Bunt Ref Ch. Eng. II. 
zor The young king. .dashed his pen excitedly through some 
words of the oath. 

+ Exci'teful, 2. Ols. rare. [f. Excite v.; cf. 
assistjul.| Tending to excite to action. 

1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 1. 56 To .. Stern Pluto and Perse- 
phone, apply Exciteful prayers. 1618 — Hesiod 1. 423 Many 
a fore-studied exercise Was instituted, with exciteful prize. 

Excitement (ckssi'tmént). [f. Excite v.+ 
-MENT, First used in sense 3 (=L. ¢rr7tamentum) 
which is the only sense recognized by Johnson.] 

1. The action of exciting ; the fact of being ex- 
cited ; = Excrration. Somewhat rare. 

1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. . ii. (1851) 89 The 
excitement and propagation of motion. 1840 Mitt Diss. 
& Disc. (1859) 1. 116 note, Experience .. must precede the 
excitement of any ideas in the mind. 

2. Excited state or condition. 

a. Path, A state of abnormal activity in any 
organ. + Also, in the ‘Brunonian’ physiology, 
the effects resulting from the presence of the vital 
principle in the organism. 

1788 J. Brown tr. Elem. Med. § 16 The effect of the exciting 
powers, acting upon the excitability, is to be denominated 
Excitement [Latin 1780 /ucttatio). 1793 BEDDoES Consumip- 
tion 148 Diseases of excitement on the one hand, and debility 
on the other. 1799 Aled. Frné/. I. 452 Vhe greatest degree 
of excitement, consistent with life, may be communicated by 
this agent [electric fluid]. 1801 /d/d. V. 82 An addition .. 
to that just degree of excitement which constitutes health. 

b. Stimulation, titillation (of the senses). 

1823 Lams dia Ser.1, xxii, No possible taste or odour .. 
can convey a delicate excitement comparable to this mixture. 

e. In recent use: The condition of being men- 
tally excited, whether by pleasurable or painful 
emotion, Cf. EXciTE v. 5. 

1846 TRENCH A/ivacles vi. (1862) 185 Men in their thirst for 
excitement .. have a kind of pleasure in being the bearers 
even of evil tidings. 1860 Tynpatt Géac, 1. xxii. 152 He 
approached me with some excitement of manner. 1864 J. H. 
Newman Aol. 156 The excitement it [Tractarianism] caused 
in England. i 

3. Something that excites ; a means of exciting. 

+a. Something that tends to excite (a feeling) ; 
a motive or incentive fo action; an exhortation, 
encouragement. Ods. or arch. 

1604 Suaks, //avz. wv. iv. 58 (Qq.) A father kill’d, a mother 
stain’d, Excitements of my reason, and my blood. 1633 May 
Hen. [1, vu. 79 Excitements every where From Pulpits 
sounded in the peoples eare, To aid their brother-Christians. 
1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. u. xvi. 112 Rather are dili- 
gent lads to be encouraged with all excitements to Learning. 
1736 Butter Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874 I. 89 Perception of 
danger is a natural excitement of passive fear, and active 
caution. 1741 WarBurTON Div. Legat. 1x. ii. (1846) 373 The 
General encouraging his followers, by all the usual excite- 
ments to dotheirduty. 1817 CoLertpce Lay Ser. 420 In 
any half dozen sermons of.. Jeremy Taylor, there are. .more 
excitements to inquiry..than are presented to the congrega- 
tions of the present day .. during twice as many months. 
1858 De Quincey Axtobiog. Sk. Wks. I. 239 Each..had 
yet its own separate occasions and excitements. 

b. In physical sense. 

1862 Darwin Fertiliz. Orchids iv. 153 I suspect that it does 
explode .. without the excitement of a touch. 

e. An occasion of mental excitement. 

1878 R. W. Dare Lect. Preach. vii. 186 Their knowledge 
brings them some noble excitements and satisfactions. 

Exciter (eksoi'te:). Also 5 excitour. Cf. 
Excitror. [f. Excrre v. +-ER.!] 

1. One who, or that which, excites; + an instigator. 

1387 Trevisa Higdex (Rolls) VIII. 267 Lewelynes broper 
David .. pat was exciter [L. zxcentor] of all pis woo. ¢1400 
Test, Love t. (1560) 277/2 Excitours to the matters were so 
painted and coloured, that etc. 1617 CoLuins Def Bp. Ely 
11. ix. 360 He would haue relligion to be. .an exciter..of our 
reuerence to Saints. 1795 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 89 Exciters 
of the insurrection, 1812 SHELLEY in Hogg Life (1858) II. 
58 The personal exciter and strengthener of my virtuous 
habits. 1862 R. H. Parrerson Ess, Hist. & Art 325, lam 
simply looking upon War as the strongest exciter of the 
human mind. 

2. Med. An excitant; a stimulant. 

1832 in WEBSTER ; whence in mod. Dicts, 

Exciting (eksaitin), v67. sb, [f. Excrre v. + 
-tnG1,] The action of the verb Excite, Also an 
instance of it. ‘+ Phrase, At (of, by) exciting of: 
by the instigation of, 


EXCITING. 
1387 Trevisa Ai Bg prec 1 g At sexluve e of quarta 
seen tee LS prog 4 day of ane 
Chedde pede Pace nats Lype. gs 1. ii. (1483) 3 
Yf that my pyl; ought oe ‘of thyne excytyng. 
1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clxxxix. 192 A company of 


1525 Lp, Berners Fvoiss. II. xciii. [Ixxxix.] e chiefe 
<r bhgredag ge cegetid~ fe = wae 1626 

<i> Sylva t must proceed he Quickning 
and Exciting of the’ Natural heat. 1652 G. Hennea Conntry 
Pars. xxii, Wanting man 


excitings of grace [when not 
attending the Comma 

Exciting ang (ceeavn), fe pl. a. [f. as prec. + 
-InG2.] That excites. Zxciting cause: (chiefly 
Path.) that which immediately causes disease, etc. ; 
opposed to predisposing cause. 

1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., E: atciting ee 1826 Disraeli 
Viv. Grey v. xiii, Stor after story liowed each other with 
exciting haste. 1834 Cycl. Pract. Med. \11.57/1 The exciting 
causes of hepatitis may beenumeratedas follows. 184gRuskin 
Sev. Lamps i. § 2.9 Principles. .exciting rather than direct- 
ing. 1855 MacauLay — Eng. 1V.542 The public atten- 
tion was occupied b far more exciting subjects. 
a@1871 Grote Eth. hoe i, (1876) 13 Certain acts and for- 
bearances considered as the exciting cause of disposition 
on the part of others. 

Hence Exci'tingly adv., in an exciting manner. 

1860 in Worcester ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Excitive (eksoi'tiv), z. [f. Excrre v. + -IvE.] 
Tending to excite. Const. of. 

1774 N. Wraxatt Let. in Tour North. Europe (2776) 364 
A sight rather excitive of disgust than desire. 1862 Burton 
Bk. Hunter 51 The least excitive of the bad passions. 

Excito-motor (eksai:tomdut51), z. = next. 

1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. go The three typical 
pairs of excitomotor ganglia are easily recognisable. 1881 
Power Carpenter's Hum. Physiol. § 404 Such movements 
are properly distinguished as excito-motor. 

Excito-motory (eksai:tomdutaii), a. Phys. 
[f. Excrt-on + Morory ; formed by Marshall Hall 
in 1836.] Of or pertaining to the spinal group of 
nerves, composed of the excitor and the motor 
nerves, Often applied to the reflex actions which 
are produced by this division of the nervous system. 

1836 M. Hatt Lect. Nervous Syst. 12, I propose to divide 
[the Nervous System] into 1. The Cerebral..2. The True 
Spinal or the Excito-motory; and The Ganglionic. 
1847 Topp Cycl. Anat. I11. 609/2 A distinct series of excito- 
motory fibres. 1854 Woopwarp Modlusca 11. 189 Besides 
this excito- -motory system . . the Nudibranches possess a 

‘sympathetic’ system. 1861 T. Granam Pract. Med. 593 In 
infancy, when the voluntary power is as yet undeveloped, 
the excito-motory is in the fullest activity. 

Excitor (eksoi'té1, -01). Cf. Excrrer. [f. Ex- 
CITE v., on the analogy of mofor.] a. = EXcITER. 
b. An afferent nerve belonging to the spinal divi- 
sion of the nervous system. Also attrib. or as adj. 

1816 Jane Austen Mansfield Park 11. 126 All those fine 
feelings of which he had hoped to be the excitor, were already 
| Sia sn'd M. Hatt Lect. Nervous Syst. 15 The true Spinal 

erves, The Excitors. /é4id. 21 The incident excitor 
nerves, ae ‘medulla, and the reflex ere nerves, constitute 
the system. 1865 Cornh. Mag. XI. 592 It is quite credible 
that the messenger of death operate! through. .the usual 
excitors of disease. 1871 Narneys Prev. § Cure Dis, 11. 
iii. 674 Another excitor is a brush of fine wires. 1874 
Carrenter Ment. Phys. 1. ii, § 62 (1879) 63 Other excitor 
fibres. .are included in the ordinary nerve-trunks. 

Excitress eksoitrés) rare. [f, EXcrTER + -Ess.] 
A female exciter. 

a 1860 ‘ Used somewhere by H. H. Witson’ (F. Hall). 

Excitory (ekssi'tari), a. [f. as prec. + -ony.] 
Fitted to excite ; : instrumental in exciting. 

1818 Bostock Galvanism .i. 18 The excitory arc, or the 
metallic part of the circle. 1861 Hutme tr. Moguin- Tandon 
u. 1. 48 The females are provided with a. pas or sheath 
for the reception of the excitory organ of the 


Exclaim (eksklzim), v. Also 6-7 sadn, 
-aime. [ad. F. exclamer, ad. L. exclamare to call 
out, f. ex- out + clamare to call, shout.] 

1. intr. To cry out suddenly and vehemently ; 
to cry out from pain, anger, delight, surprise, etc. 
Rarely with out. 

1570 Levins Manip. 18 To Exclame, exclamare. 1591 
Suaks. 1 Hen. V7, w. i. 83 Say Gentlemen, what makes you 
thus exclaime ? 1667 Mitton P. ZL. x. 416 On either side 
Disparted Cha 1768 Sterne Sent. 


by the exityng of Hurkus. folowed the ynges hoost. 
279 


os over built exclaimed. 
Fourn., The Bidet, Grant me but decent words to exclaim 
= 1845 tne te in med § J oe 2 ts I. 342, L assure you 
the c 

b. with quoted words, either in direct or indirect 
speech. 

1sgt Suaks. 1 Hen. V/,1. i. 125 The French exclaym'd, 
the Deuill was in Armes. x R. Fohnson's Kis 
Commu, 311 Exclaiming that the tyranny of the No ilitie 
had inforced them to this action. 1709 Porr Ess. Crit. 279 
‘What! leave the Combat out?’ exclaims the Knight. 
a Cowrer tote pe 437 oo like an oracle’, they all ex- 
claim. 1828 Sco Perth xxi, ‘ By Saint rew, 
Robin !’ exclaimed his father, ‘thou art likea screech-owl ’. 
1858 Froupe Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 191 The people exclaimed 
that they were betrayed by the gentlemen. 

2. a. Zo exclaim against: to cry out loudly 
and suddenly against, accuse loudly, blame (per- 
sons, their actions and attributes) ; to make an 
outcry — protest against, rail at (a ror 
a with éndtrect passive. arch. 

—— Luer.757 Here she 


eee 


382 

habitants did indeed exclaim this kind of Jurisdic- 
tion. oe ee a5 None ever aad 

more against that Prince t ane T. Bur- 
wer Efe Bp. Burnet in Ou Time Lp dn to 
the Clergy! exclaimed the pl 1726 Crret- 
woop Adv, Capt, R. 351 Sep pee oad 
him ina ly manner. ¥ — ears Coe 44 
x. 158 was already Xs Saisie with 
treaty "Antalcidas. 1860 Sat. Rev. IX. va 
cxcitoning aapiont tee 5 
ie 


b. Zo exclaim at, on, upon : in same sense ; also, 


(quots. 1589, 1818), to apostrophize. arch. 
1583 Basincton Commandm. x. (16. 8 So as I may not 
= -exclaimed upon justly in the w PutreNHAM 
i~- Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 245 We do ae y flye out and 

er speake or exclaime at some other person or as 

a louer to his vnkind mistresse, 1633 Forp Love's ace. 
1. i, 1 willexclaim to the world on thee, and beg justice of 
theduke himself, 1709 Stryre Ann. Ref. 1. xxxvil. 424 These 
men,..sometimes he makes sport with. 


EXCLUDE. 
They say. .are deuis'd by yo, ax clan ats you suffer Too h 


De For 7. ( 1 
ssa ea nin ee 
of those things. 1777 ye pad Disc. {ee 


of. Obs. Cf, EXcLaim 2. 3. 
Bee amerce Ate eee Lie stand nae Bad 
oe cen a eaates © — 


Au Trades 

<Govcalenmion dl te tamination in Cea 

“4. a. fhe EcPHONESIS or EPIPHONEMA. Db. 
Gram. = InteRsEcTION. @. Note, point of exclam- 
ation, a S.) Exclamation-mark or point: 
= Note ‘miration; see ADMIRATION 4. = 

I 

nua Ag Poe ns Cu Sot he gue of x 


-and 
claimes and exclaimes u them. 1822 Lams Zia, C hist’ 's 
Hospital, How 1 would wake ping, and in the ang 
of my heart exclaim upon sweet Calne in Wiltshire ! 1823 
Soutuey Hist. Penins. War 1. 184 He exclaimed on the 
horrid treatment they were giving him. 
+c. To exclaim of: to complain loudly of. . 
1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India 116 They came .. 


Putturs 
(ed. Romi: lamation . ms ‘ion in siceg "armen ope 
Now I'speak to thee O Africanus. 
b. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. xv. § 123 (3875) 34 
‘The lowest form of is the exclamation, by hich 


ing of the Captains of the power of Tlaxcallan, — had 
bounde them. 1624 Carr. Smitu Virginia (1629) 39 [Some 
bad natures] exclaime of all things. 

+3. trans. To express by exclamation. With 
compl. obj. To proclaim loudly. Obs. rare. 

¢ 1592 Martowe Massac. Paris um. ii. Wks, (Rtldg.) 242/1, 
I curse i; and exclaim thee, miscreant. 1782 Fashionable 
Follies 1. 75 The beautiful creature exclaimed thus her 
per meadliaedh/ inconstancy, : 

Hence Exclai‘mer, one who exclaims or cries out 
with sudden vehemence. Exclai‘ming v/. sd., 
the action of the vb. Exciaim; an outcry. Ex- 
claiming ///. a., that exclaims. 

1689 Locke 7% olevation 17 The Opposers of Errors, the 
Exclaimers against Schism. 1809-10 CoLeripce Friend 
(ed. 3) sia 225 The exclaimer relates half a dozen similar in- 
stances. Dasent Three to One I. 3 Some one exclaims 

‘regular a fogies’. Let us reason with this exclaimer. 
1585 Asp. Sanvys Serm. (1841) 226 The exclaiming of the 

people hath many times as much cause as had the harlot’s 
complaint made unto Solomon. 1688 R. L’Estrance Brief 
Hist. Times 11. 292 They both brake out in Violent Ex- 
claymings, Lord! What will become of us ! baer Ricnarp- 
son Pamela I11, 188 Our Fimiagy, om] Exclaimings and 
Observations. 1877 Daily News 1 Nov. 6/1 There was a 
questioning and exclaiming that I refrain from repeating. 
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 216 The happy dwellers of 
these vallies Haue prayed me leaue my straung exclaiming 
musike. 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. /H%b. iii. (1821) 259 The 
exclayming pe of these discontented people. 

Exclaim (ekskl@-m), sd. rare. ‘Now disused’ 
(J.). [f. prec. vb.] Exclamation, outcry. 

¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn 213 With these or the like 
exclaimes. 1 . Hooxer Girald. /rel. in Holinshed 11. 
150/1 He thought by waie of exclames to aggrauat his owne 
case. 1633 Costlie Whore. i, in Bullen O, PZ. 1V, Intending 
by exclaimes to raise the Court. 1812 W. Tennant Anster 
F. v. ii, It needed not that with a third exclaim King James's 
trumpeter aloud should cry. 1840 Browninc Sorded(o i. 344 
Thus I bring Sordello to the rapturous Exclaim at the 
crowd's cry. 

Exclamation (eksklamé!:fon). Forms: 4-6 
exclamacioun, 5-6 -cion, -cyon, 6 -tioun, -tyon, 
6--tion. [a. Fr. exclamation, ad. L. exclamation- 
em, n. of action f. exclamare: see EXOLAIM v.] 

1. The action of exclaiming or crying out; the 
loud articulate expression of pain, anger, surprise, 
etc.; clamour, vociferation. Also, an instance of 
this, an outcry ; an emphatic or vehement speech 
or sentence. 

1382 Wycur Mark Prol., He ordeynynge in the vois of a 
prophetis exclamacioun, schewith the ordre of dekenis 
eleccioun. 1494 Fasyan Chron, vi. ve 220 Therfore the 
mydwyfe made an exclamacyon, and sayde, this b-w shall 


be a kynge. suas Monn sel vie s. 860/1 Tyndall. . 
aunswereth me it he an hedious pte Sal na and crieng 
oute vppon my fleshely; 


nesse and oy 1568 Grarron Chron. 
Il. 72 At these wordes one of them burst out in exclamation. 
1637 Stirtinc Doomes-day, 10th hour st. lvi. in Chalmers 
V. 392 Huge exclamations burst abruptly out. 1719 De For 
Crusoe (1840) 1. vi. 106 What my Tongue might ex 
was rather Exclamation, such as, ! what a miserable 
Creatuream I, 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth xix, The. .cries and 
exclamations of a woman. . screaming “Oh, my husband ! 
—my husband’. 1850 Mrs. Stowe “Uncle Tom's C. vii, 
Always making these exclamations in some. .rough part of 
~ road. 1873 Buack Pr. Thule (1874) 24 They were ‘startled 
an exclamation from I ngran. 

*p The action of loudly complaining or protest- 

ing; a loud complaint or ab ad tory 


outcry; a ‘vociferous reproach’ (J.). onst. 
against, + of, + on, and in phrases Zo + infer, make 
exclamation ae t+ upon. arch. 

1430 Lyne. o von. Troy wt. xxii, Well maye I make an 
aps Fapean Chron. vi. clxxxii. 

180 Charlys oh es this exc on of his subgettes .. 
was right..heuy in his herte. 1513 Doucias nets, Ex. 
clamacion (1710) 485 Ane Exclamacioun detrac- 
— 1530 Calisto § Melid. in Hazl. ley 1. 54 Oh, 
a on fortune. ax Lp. 


- condition of 


1652 Neepuam tr. Sedden's oe Ci 338 The In- 


this life. “e ay Hen. Pun 1. ii. 52 These exactions 


an entire idea is 'y conveyed through a ee et 
ofnneas aay Syst. Rhet. sok yes PY i 
us noted! 1755 Jounson, Z-rc. 
aes eamish a taht lap aet be gh 


be By ill Exclamation proper! 
nso but the aay of the Voice to re- ee sald 
it somew! 

Exclamative (eksklemativ), a. rare. [f. L. 
exclamat- ppl. stem of exclamare (see EXCLAIM v.) 
+-IvE. Cf. mod.F. exclamatif.] Containing or 
expressing exclamation ; exclamatory. 


1730-6 —— Spy ae Exclamative, of or “ahee XV to ex- 
clamation. 1838 Fraser's vill. 471 
Renowned oO ? en 


Hence Excla'matively adv., with exclamation, 


exclamatorily. 
1836 in Smart. 1860 in Worcester; and in mod, Dicts. 
Exclamatory (eksklemiatari), a. [f. L. ex- 


clamat- ppl. stem of exclémare + -ony.] 

1. That exclaims or cries out loudly; that utters 
exclamations. Of a feeling, nk That vents itself 
in exclamation ; noisy, outs 

1593 NASHE Christ's . 22 b, = id God there were no 
other eaer oat crime then this to be obiected against 
thee. — Donne Serm, Ixiii. (1640) 635 Whom afflictions 
pan pellet ng net no he but to an intemperate .. 


10: Jounson, Exclamati 
practising cecamation.» San in Ann. Rev. 


400 The exc zeal of his 
manner, Feary Le Stev VENSON Tressare Isl. 1. vi. (1886) 48 You | 
pd pitas d and y that I geta* 
word in. 


2. Of or pertaining to exclamation ; of the nature 
of or resembling an exclamation ; containing, ex- 
pressing, or marking an exclamation. 

= 16 Sovutn Serm. IV. vii. (346 Those exclamatory 

wt Speabing ix Publicteds2) 299 T i prosounce thos those 
Art S; lic (ed. 2) 1 ‘o nce 
ere eee 
tie \e xiii. 2! nni ng 
ion. 1767 cit an ¥. ly (x Xxx: Beginning 


the RRAY 
Eng. Gram, (ed. i ) OF clamatory 
point (). 1866 <co F. heady oO Yooes ae ah onc 
tube-journey. .is as barren as an exclamatory O! 

Hence ‘matorily adv., in an exclamatory 
manner. 


1836 in Smart Walker's Dict. 
4 gt ie 1? tee a 


ude (kskiz-d), v. Also 5-6 exclud, 
5 pa. pple. exclud, 6 Sc. excluid. [ad. L. exc/i- 
dé-re to shut out, f. ex- out + claudére to shut.] 

I. To bar or keep out (what is already “ny 
1, trans. To shut out ( , living things 
hinder from entering (a place, enclosure soci 
etc.). Const. front, tout of, and +with doub 
en by omission of 

1440 York Myst. xv. 32 The force of the feende to felle in 


Watioweant ht 


ss te, And all his pouer excluded shulde be. Eng. 
om, (Camden) xo Thi childryn be isherkid and 
Sxcludig fro the t..for evirmore. 1526 Pilger. Perf 


parlemen 
W. de W. b, Therby all vtterly lost 
pad peat Xs Fy of parade 1635, Pacrrr Christianogr. : 


are ex 4 AS 1670 R. Coxe Dise. 
gute Geon even I pola = 
it ; q I. 51 
c LANNE St, Gt Bri thy Grounds ape 
. Gt. . 1. te ii. 
secosion of ah the Roman Wall Rig tp Rick 
Scotish Hi ist. Quakers (1795) 1. 
. 144 Out of God's Elgdom andond 
Yeats Nat. Hist, Comm. 1 was excluded 
laid down his penny at the ie Bare Lussock Scé. Lect. 
iii. 96 We. find in . of excluding ants. 
. To shut out, prevent event the entrance of (noise, 
air, | , etc.). 
ie sanner Theor, Warres w. ii. 105 All rumour and 
(79) age When ‘Branches are so chek that they. exclude 
agg es air, 1704 Pore Windsor For. 18 Waving 


EXCLUDE. 


groves .. part admit, and part exclude the day. 
Times UXX1X. 366/2 Hoods will also be fitted over the tops 
of the doors so as to further exclude the draught, 

2. With an immaterial thing as obj.: To shut 
out, give no place to; to prevent the existence, 
occurrence, or use of. Const. from, and with 
double obj. 

1382 Wyciir Row. 1st Prol., Lest happili hate of the 
prelatis name, shulde exclude the profit of the lessoun. 1393 
Gower Conf. III. 366 None arte. . Through which it mighte 
ben excluded, That he ne was fully concluded To love. 
1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 59 Iesu cryst wyllyng that all 
suche songe shulde be excluded from thys order. 1545 
Joys Exp. Dan. xii. 220 Wherfore our faithe stayed vpon 
god, .excludeth al manera doute. 1604 RowLanps Lovke 
to it 44 Eate, drinke, be merry .. Exclude all Pittie, Con- 
science, and Remorce. 1729 Butter Seri, Wks. 1874 II. 
50 Itis impossible that this subject should be wholly excluded 
conversation. 1 Mrs. Rapcurre Myst. Udolpho v, 
Sometimes the thick foliage excluded all view of the country, 

1-44 Emerson £ss., Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 160 The voca- 
bulary of an omniscient man would embrace words and 
images excluded from polite conversation, 

b. To shut out or reject from consideration, 
notice, or use. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. u. v. (1611) 63 And so exclude the 
rest of the Scripture. 16rz Brinstey Lud. Lit. Addr. to 
Rdr. 10 Not .. excluding the better way when it is found. 
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 148 The world.. 
excludes those things for which it can give no reason. 

ce. Not to admit of, to leave no room for, be 
incompatible with, the presence of (a material or 


immaterial object). Also + 70 exclude out. 


1885 Law | 


1625 Br. Mounracu Aff. Caesar. 104 The freedome of | 


will doth not exclude out God’s prerogative royall. 1690 
Locke Hum. Und. u. iv, A solid substance. .excludes all 
other solid substances. 1736 Butter Axa. 1. vi. Wks. 
1874 I. 112 This Necessity does not exclude deliberation. 
1771 Funius Lett, \xi. 318 He is fond of introducing any 
law that contradicts or excludes the common law of England. 
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 407 The number three excludes 
the number four. 1884 H. Spencer in 19h Cent. XV.7 
Absolute indifference excludes the conception of will. 

3. To shut off, debar from ; to preclude, prohibit. 
+ Formerly const. of; also fo with inf 

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 40. Preamb., The same Erle is 
excluded to have or enjoye the seid Manoris. a@1533 Lo. 
Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1539) Prol. ad fin., Euery 
wyse man. .wyll not saye that I am the principall auctour of 
this warke, nor yet .. exclude me clene from it. 1538 
Starkey England 1. ii. 34 He ys therby excludyd also from 
the vse and vtward exercyse almost of al vertue. 1574 
tr. Littleton’s Tenures 52 a, Theye bee excluded duringe 
their lyves to defete the particion. a@1626 Bacon Max. 
& Uses Com. Law ii. 7 These were to exclude him utterly 
of his right. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 103 
Francis of Vaudemont being next heir by the said [i.e. 
Salic] Law, which excludes Females. 1667 Mitron P. L. 
1m, 202 And none but such from mercy I exclude. 1737 
Wuiston Yosephus’ Hist. iv. vii. § 4 Placidus’s concern was 
to exclude them. .from getting into the village. 1759 Ropert- 
son Hist, Scot. I, 11. 169 ‘They laboured to exclude the 
English from the treaty of Chateau en Cambresis. 1856 
Kane Arct. Expl. 11. ii. 29 Here, completely excluded from 
the knowledge of things without. 

+b. with double obj. Ods. 

1692 Locke Toleration iii. Wks. 1727 II. 333 Excluding 
them the ordinary and probable Means of Conversion. 
@1718 Penn Tracts Wks 1726 I. 547 Professors of Chris- 
ph that exclude both such Men, and such Knowledge 
the Kingdom of God. 

4. To leave out, omit purposely, except (from 
a category, list, the scope of a proposition or en- 
actment, etc.) ; ‘not to comprehend in any grant 
or privilege’ (J.). Const. from, +out of; also simply. 

ag Purif. Marie in Tundale’s Vis. (1843) 129 Thys 
meyde.. Excluded was for condycion. 1689 C. Hatron in 
Hatton Corr. (1878) II. 131 Y¢ author..is threaten’d by S*. 
Robt. to be excluded out of y® Act of indemnity. 1707 
Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 118 Having excluded them from 
the Society of Men, he places them among..Beasts. 1724 


[see 5]. ues in JoHNson. 
+b. To let off, relieve, exempt (a person) from 
(an obligation). Ods. rare. 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 83 Excluded and 
exempted from the debt which others owe by the common 
law of nature. ve 

e, Of a word, term, proposition, etc.: To shut 
out of or not to include in its scope, application, 
or meaning. 

1532 More Confut, Tindale Wks. 384/1 If saint James 
sayd that god had begotten vs her goodnes, do these 
wordes exclude al the meanes that hys goodnesse vsed 
toward it. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 234 When we say 
the conception of our Saviour was wrought by the operation 
of the Spirit..observe, What eexchadnd by that attribution 
to the Spirit. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. iv. § 26 (1875) 
87 Excluding as they [these propositions] do an all-important 
fact. 1882 J. Seetey Naz. Relig. 1. iv. (1891) 85 Nature.. 
excludes the whole domain of human feeling. 

5. The pr. pple. used adso/. 

a. =‘ To the exclusion of’. +b. = Exceprine. 

1660 R. Coxe Power § the a Whatsoever the son does 
acquire, it is his own, excluding his Father. 1724 R. 
Fatconer Voy., Adv, p Rxate: (2769) 273 A Court Marthali 
.-found them guilty of Cowardice, excluding Constable. 

II. In pregnant sense ; to expel and shut out. 

6. To put out (of a room, a society, a possession, 
etc.), to banish, expel. Const. + out of, from; 
also with double object and simply. 

1388 Wyciir Num. xii. 15 So Marie was excludid [1382 
putte] out of the tentis. a1400-g0 Alexander 2842 In 


383 


pacience possede at he mi3t [pan] Be excludit [Dud/in MS. 
exclud] out of his erd. 1531 Etyor Gov. u. xii, II. 154 They 
excluded him out of their counsayle. 1604 in Lng. Gilds 
(1870) 435 If any man be lawfully seazed..of any tenement 
. he shall never be excluded. .but by the kings writ. 1 
Marve. Corr. Ixxix. Wks. 1872-5 II. 224 ‘They voted that 
he be excluded the House. 1777 Roperrson Hist. Amer, 
I. m1. 229 As Las Casas excepted against the members of the 
council of the Indies, all of them were excluded. 1850 
Prescotr Perz II. 133 They then caused the women to be 
excluded from the church. 

7. a. After L. excludere ova. To draw, put or 
thrust forth from (a receptacle); to hatch (chickens, 
etc.); also fig.; to give birth to (young), to 
lay (eggs). Also +of the midwife: To extract. 


Const. from, out of. 

¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 117 If that ony bing of corrump- 
cioun abide pe place schal be opened wip an instrument, & 
so schal be quyttur be excludid. 1603 Hotianp Plutarch’s 
Mor. 53 To rid and exclude the winde and aire out of leather 
bagges or bladders. 1610 Guittim Heraldry i. xvii. (1660) 
208 Spiders..are no sooner hatched and excluded out of 
their egs, but forthwith they practise to make webs. 1646 
Sir T. Browne Psexud. Ep. (ed. 2) 151 A Cock will. . fertili- 
tate the whole. .cluster of egges, which are not excluded in 
many weeks after. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Conipit.1. 2'The 
next day she excluded the Foetus that was four months old. 
1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. vu. iv. 393 The Eggs of the Os- 
trich..are cherished only by the heat of the Sun till the 
Young be excluded. 1721 Brapiey Wks. Nat. 59 ‘The .. 
male [fish] covers it [the egg] with a prolifick Juice as soon 
as it is excluded from the Body of the Female. 1754-64 


Smetur Midwif. I. Introd. 8 He describes the method of | 


excluding the Foetus. 1851 Darwin Cirvifedia 1. 10 In 
some cases..the larvae, when first excluded from the egg, 
have not an eye. 

+b. To discharge, void. Ods. 

1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 196 Who out of the corners of her 
eyes excluded a sort of congealed matter. 

Excluded (ekskldéd), pp/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1,] In senses of the verb. Also adso/. 

1672 in Essex Papers (1890) I. 27, I lately believd .. that 
they would of themselves have readmitted their excluded 
Alderman. 1717 Lapy M. W. Montacvue Lett. II. xliv. 24 
It is easy to see in her manner, that she has lived excluded 
from the world. 1860 Mitt Repr. Govt. (1865) 22/2 ‘The 
interest of the excluded is always in danger of being over- 
looked. 1879 GreEN Read. Eng. Hist. xvii. 83 The ex- 
cluded monks. . 

b. Excluded middle, third: (see quots.) 

1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Logic (1860) I. 83 The principle 
of Excluded Third or Middle—viz. between two contradic- 
tories—enounces that condition of thought, which compels 
us, of two repugnant notions, which cannot both coexist, 
to think either the one or the other as existing. 1849 App. 
THomson Laws Th. 295. 1884 tr. Lotze’s Logic 10 Every 
physical enquiry employs the logical principles of Identity 
and Excluded Middle for the attainment of its results, 

+ Exclu'dent. Oés. [ad. L. exclident-em, pr. 
pple. of exclidére : see EXCLUDE.] = EXcLupERr b, 

1670 Conclave wherein Clement VIII was elected Pope 9 
It is now in your power..to make unto yourself and the 
rest of the Excludents an immortal Friend of Santa Seve- 
rina. [See also Exctupine Afi. a.] 

Excluder (ekskl#do1. [f. Excnupr + -ER1.] 
One who or that which excludes or shuts out. 

b. sfec. One who attempts to exclude a candi- 
date from office by voting against him; esf. one 
who voted for the Exclusion Bill (ExcLuston 1 b). 

1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals m1. 1. 276 They left no stone 
unturned, that might mollifie the excluders, and prevail 
with them to give their votes for Montalto. 1685 Addr. 
Middlesex Fust. of Peace in Lond. Gaz. No. 2010/4 The 
race of Regicides and Excluders (who Murthered the Royal 
Martyr your Father), 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 476 
The grand jury of Suffolk expressed a hope that the parlia- 
ment would proscribe all the excluders. 


Excluding (ekskl#din), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. 
+-InG!.] The action of the vb. ExcLupE. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 505b, The life and 
the health of the body is nothing els, but an excluding of 
death and Sickenesse. 1657-8 Burton's Diary (1828) II. 428 
The excluding of the old peerage, which have right and are 
a considerable party. 1662 StILtinGrL. Orig. Sacr. ut. ii. 
§ 18 We need not fear. .the excluding of a Deity from being 
the prime efficient cause of the world. 

Excluding, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.] That 
excludes or shuts out; exclusive. 

1670 G, H. Hist. Cardinals 1. 11. 329 If the Head of the 
including Faction, offers the Head of the Excluding Party, 
to assist him .. in the Election of one of the Excludents, let 
him alwayes be suspicious. 1836 E. Howarp R&. Reefer vi, 
A sect of... Methodists, more dismal and more excluding. 

Hence Exclu‘dingly adv. 

@164t Be. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 30 Who out 
of that respect are all of them, not excludingly, any one of 
them, styled, The Lords Anointed. 

+ Exclu'se, v. Obs. rare—1. [f. L. exclits- ppl. 
stem of excliidére.] trans. = EXCLUDE. 

1513 Hen. VIII in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 288 note, 
The King of Navarre being exclused from his realme for the 
assistance given to the French King. 

+ Exclu'se, fa. pple. Obs. rare—). [ad. L. ex- 
clisus, pa. pple. of exclidére: see EXCLUDE.] Ex- 
cluded ; shut out. 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xu. 278 Thai [chestnut trees] not 
refuse. .clyves ther humoure is not excluse. 

+ Exclu‘sible, 2. Obs. rare—*. [f. L. excliis- 
(see ExcLUSEv.) + -IBLE.] That may be or should 
be excluded. 

1650-3 tr. Hales’ Dissert. de Pace in Phenix 1708 I. 371 
Neither seem they exclusible from Heaven, who, etc. 


EXCLUSIONISM. 


Exclusion (ekskl7-zon). [ad. L. exc/usion-em, 
n. of action f. excliidire: see ExciupE.] The 
action of excluding in various senses. 

1. Shutting from a place, a society, etc., debar- 
ring from privilege, omitting from a category, 
from consideration, etc. ; an instance of the same. 

1614 Raveicu Hist. World 1. 80 The most high God is 
also an infinite God, not onely by exclusion of place, but by 
the dignity of nature. 1622 Bacon Hen. V//, Wks. (1857) 
372 To have the disposing of the marriage of Britain with 
an exception and exclusion, that he should not marry her 


himself. 1626 — Sylva § 318 All exclusion of open Air.. 
maintaineth the Body in his first freshness. 1667 MiLTon 
P.L. 11. 525 To dare The Fiend..or aggravate His sad ex- 


clusion from the dores of Bliss. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 
1. 11. 276 ‘There were 32 Cardinals in the Conclave for the 
Election of that person, and twenty for his Exclusion. 1690 
Locke Hum, Und. u. iv, Solidity consists in repletion, and 
so an utter exclusion of other bodies out of the space it pos- 
sesses. 1698 LupLow Mem. (1751) I. 14 An Act for the ex- 
clusion of the Bishops out of the House of Lords. a 1731 
AtTTreRBURY Ser. on Matt. xxvii. 25 (Seager) Their exclu- 
sion from offices and honours. 1791 Burke Aff. Whigs 
Wks. VI. 110, [ cannot be of opinion, that by his [Burke’s] 
exclusion they have had any loss at all. 1826 Scorr IVoodst. 
viii, Cromwell was wont to invest his meaning. -in such a 
mist of words, surrounding it with so many exclusions and 
exceptions. 1832 Austin Yurispr. (1879) II. xlix. 832 That 
[mode of property]..which implies the largest power of user 
and exclusion. 1863 H. Cox /zst7t. 1. iil. 619 The. .exclu- 
sion of the female line. .from succession to fiefs in England. 

b. Phrases, + Lz excluston of, to; to the exclu- 
ston of. 

1691 IT. H[ate] Acc. New Invent. 87 Establishing this 
Method of sheathing, in Exclusion to all that had been till 
then used in the Navy. 1716 Apvison Freeholder No. 5 
To the Exclusion of all common Humanity to Strangers. 
1774 Sir J. Reynotps Disc. v. (1876) 391, I take this study 
in aid and not in exclusion of the other. 1865 DickENs 
Mut, Fr. 1. 15 He spoke in the singular number to the 
express exclusion of Eugene. 1871 B. Stewart //eat § 116 
‘Iwo vessels entirely filled with water and vapour of water 
to the exclusion of air or any other gas. ‘ ; 

ec. Bill of exclusion, Exclusion Bill: a pill 
brought before parliament in the reign of Charles IT 
(1679) for excluding or preventing James, Duke 
of York, the king’s brother, from succeeding to 
the crown, on the ground of his being a Roman 
Catholic. So Excluston Parliament, 

1700 Luttrety Brief Rel. (1857) 1V. 667 Sir William Wil- 
liams, speaker of the exclusion parliaments in the reign of. 
King Charles the 2d, is dead. 1729 J. Bramston Avt of 
Politics 15 When the Exclusion-Bill was in suspense. 1827 
Hatta Const. Hist. (1876) II. xii. 432 ‘The bill of exclusion 
was drawn with as much regard to the inheritance of the 
duke of York's daughter as they could reasonably demand. 
1872 J.S. Brewer Stuarts in Eng, Stud, (1881) 197 Halifax 
had spoken with great energy against the Exclusion Bill. 

2. Method or grocess of Exclusion(s) : the pro- 
cess of discovering the cause of a phenomenon, or 
the solution of a problem, by successively disproy- 
ing all but one of the conceivable hypotheses. In 
Mathematics, applied to a method, now obsolete, 
devised by Frenicle c 1666 for solving problems in 
the Theory of Numbers. 

3. The action of putting or thrusting forth from 
any receptacle ; of laying (eggs), hatching (chick- 
ens), bringing forth (a foetus). + Also concr, that 


which is excluded. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. mu. vi. 117 That the. .time 
of the Beares gestation. .lasting but a few dayes. .the exclu- 
sion becomes precipitous..There may..from this narrow 
time of gestation ensue a minority or smalnesse in the ex- 
clusion, 1692 BentLey Boyle Lect. 145 ‘The strange sagacity 
of little insects in choosing fit places for the exclusion of 
their eggs. 1748 Hartiey Observ. Man, 1. ii. she The 
Exclusion of the Foetus, 1836 Topp Cycé. Anat, 1. 629/2 
The larva of the Newt..a few days after its exclusion from 
the egg. : ’ 

+4. The action of discharging (excrement). Also 
concr. matter excluded, excrement. Ods. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep, ut. iii 110 The salt and 
lixiviated serosity .. hath but a single descent, by the guts, 
with the exclusions of the belly. 1664 Power Ex. Philos. 
1. 10 The excrements in the Louse, there reposited just before 
exclusion. ie 

Exclusionary (ekskl#-zonari), a. [f. prec. + 
-ARY!,] Of or pertaining to exclusion ; character- 
ized by exclusion. 

1817 Bentuam Parl. Ref. Catech. p. cliv, Note well the 
persons to whom, in this instance, the exclusionary force is 
in an immediate way applied. 1849 W. M. Best Law 
Evid. (1870) 32 Some of these rules are of an exclusionary 
nature, and reject as legal evidence facts in themselves en- 
titled to consideration. - 

Exclu'sioner. Oés. exc. Hist. [f. as prec. + 
-ER!.] One who upholds exclusion; sfec. a sup- 

. i ill’ (see ExcLusION I b). 
porter of the ‘ Exclusion Bi > 

1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2019/3 Other Disaffected Exclu- 
sioners. @1734 Nortu £xam. 1. v. (1740) 321 How ram- 
pant these Procurators of Power, the xclusioners, were 
under such Circumstances. 1771 Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. III. 
439 The court..were willing to draw up a libel, which 
should be imputed to the exclusioners, and thus render 
them hateful to the people. : 

Exclusionism (eksklzoniz’m).  [f. as prec. 
+-IsM.] The character, manner, or principles of 
an exclusionist ; exclusivism. 

1846 WorcesTeER cites Civ. Observer. 1864 in WEBSTER}; 
hence in later Dicts. 


EXCLUSIONIST, 
Exclusionist (eks)kl#zonist). [f. as prec. + 


-Ist.] One who favours exclusion; one who 
would exclude another from some privilege. 
1822 Hazuitr 7abie-t., On Reading New Bks. (1852) 22 
And those who claim it for themselves or others are exclu- 
sionists in literature. 1825 New re Mag. sdf 3725 
1 am not..an exclusionist in matters of soci 1841-4 
Ess. ¥ Wks. (Bohn) I. 47 exclu- 
sionist in religion does not see that he shuts the door of 
heaven on himself in strivin, ey shut out others, 
attrib, 1860 Sat. Rev. 1 ‘t How. .could any Minister 
attempt to remove the relics a the exclusionist em? 
b. Lng. Hist. A parter of the Lxclusion 
Be; see EXCLUSION I 
Hume Hist, Eng. (1854) VI. Ixviii. 329 The reasoning 
oft  exclusionists ap the more convincing. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1, 256 Opponents of the court were 
called Birminghams, petitioners and exclusionists. 
Exclusive (eksklisiv), a. and sé. [ad. med. 
L. exclisiv-us, f. exclis- p a1. stem of exclidére to 
EXCLUDE ; see -IVE, Ch *. exclusif, -ive.] 
A. adj. 
I. That excludes. 
1. Having the power or the function of excluding. 


rare. Exclusive voice: right of veto. 

1570 Levins Manip. 153 Exclusiue, exclusiuus. 1667 
Mitton P. Z. vin. 625 We. .obstacle find none Of membrane, 
joynt, or limb, exclusive barrs, 1682 Tate Ads. & Archit. 
11. 254 Who with exclusive bills must now dispense, Debar 
the heir, or starve in his defence. 1706 Puu.tirs (ed. Ker- 
sey) s.v., Soveraigns have an Exclusive Voice in the Election 
of Popes. 17! ICHARDSON Grandison V. xxxiv. 217 Your 
‘tutor’..your friend, your ‘ BrorHEr’ (tO, clearly do I see 
the exclusive force of that last recognition !), 

+2. Excluding (some other) from participation. 
Const. of, to. Sometimes quasi-adv. = ‘to the 
exclusion of’. Obs. 

1670 R. Coxe Disc. Trade 66 The Dutch. .will drive the 
Trade of the World exclusive to the English. x Locke 
Govt. 125 One that was, by Right of Nature, to Inherit all 
.. exclusive ..of his brethren. 1709 Strype Aun. Ref. I. 
xxxii. 370 By this sudden peace exclusive to the English, 
the Protestants were .. weakned. 

3. Not admitting of the existence or presence of 
(something); unable to co-exist, incompatible. 
Exclusive concepts (Logic): (see quot.) 

a1716 BiackaLt Wks. (1723) I. 4 The lowest Degree [of 
eternal Life and Happiness] is exclusive of all Pain and 
Misery. 1796 Burke Kegic. Peace i. Wks. VII1. 201 Various 

persons may concur in the same measure on various grounds. 
They y may be various, without being contrary to, or exclu- 
sive of each other. 1864 Bowen Logic iv. 93 Exclusive Con- 
cepts—animal and vegetabde, for instance—do not coincide 
in any part of their Extension. 

Of a statement, enumeration, measurement, 
etc.: Excluding, not comprising (something). 
Const. of, + 40. Ofan interval: Not including one 
or both of the specified terminal points. Opposed 
to zuclusive. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. u. Pref. (1739) 3 Not one instance 
in all that Book is exclusive to the Commons. 165r BAxTER 
Inf, Bapt. (1656) 105 The word, ‘To such’ is. .rather inclu- 
sive as to them, then exclusive.” 

b. quasi-adv. (and adv.) So as to exclude; ac- 
cording to the exclusive mode of computation, (In 
the earlier instances the word is perh. the Lat. adv. 
exclusive: cf. esp. quot. 21626.) 

1515 in Pitcairn Crim. Trials 1. *261 Fra the xiiij day 
forsaid inclusiue, to xx day of pe samyn exclusiue. [a1 
Bacon Yurisdict. Marches Wks. 1740 IV. 133 The distinc- 
tion of exclusizé and inclusive is a distinction both in time 
and place.) Secr. Serv. Money Chas. & Fas. (Cam- 
den) 90 From 25th Decemb. last exclusive, to 29th Feb’ 
following incl. 1724 Swirt Ws. (1778) IIL. 384 Nor do 
know whether he reckons the dross exclusive or inclusive 
with his three hundred and sixty tons of copper. 1751 
Campers Cycl., Exclusive ..is also used adverbially: as 

. He sent him all the Gazettes, from No. 195 to No. 300 ex- 
clusive. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. iii. 24 The chalet. contained 
four men exclusive of myself and my guide. 

“{ In 18th and early 19th c. exclusive of is often 
used where we should now say ‘irrespective of’, fi 
‘apart from (the question of)’, ‘not to speak - 

1762 Mrs, Sueripan Miss S. Bidul 8 (1767) V. 35, I.. 
should (exclusive of any other reasons) have thought myself 
bound, etc. 1792 liz. Perey II. ror He could not, ex- 
clusive of his moral character, escape the slur of villany. 
1825 R. Warp 7vemaine II. xii. 118, I think I should like 
to know her, exclusive of se a lost my way. 1827 SoutHEy 
Hist. Penins. War 1. 6 

II. Excluding all but what is specified. 

5. Logic. Of propositions and particles: (see 
quots. 1864.) 


384 
the immediate and exclusive command of their own com- 
manding officer. 1844 H. H, Witson Brit, India 111. 477 
t of exclusive trade with India, had withdrawn 


ueienen 


usive in! 


old. 

7. Of actions, sentiments, ete.: Strictl 
to the object or objects designated. Lxclusive 
dealing: the practice of confining one’s custom 
to certain special tradesmen, esp, on political or 
cxioiaatioal grounds, 

1836 Dickens Sk. Boz, Election for Beadle 46 A threat of 
exclusive dealing was clearly established against the vestry 
clerk, 1883 H. Spencer in Contemp. Rev. XLII. 9 Ex- 
clusive devotion to work has result that amusements 
cease to please, 

8. Employed or followed to the exclusion of 
everything else; single, sole. 

1790 Burke Fr. Reo. Wks. V. 355 If he had been made 
the exclusive channel. 1862 Sir # Bropie Psychol. Ing. 
II. i. 5, I do not see why these should be the exclusive studies 
of our schools. 1865 TyLor Early Hist, Man. iv. 70 By no 
means the exclusive medium of thought. 1873 Mivarr Elem. 
Anat. ii. 58 The main or exclusive locomotive organ. 

III. 9. Of a corporate body, government, 
class of society, social circle, etc.: Disposed to 
resist the admission of outsiders to membership or 
to intimacy of association. Hence of persons as 
members of such associations, their temper or 
principles. 

1822 Hazuitt 7adle-t. Ser. 11. xvi. (1869) 312 The same 
exclusive and narrow-minded spirit [as that of Dissenters]. 
1826 pinoy tl sb Grey u. xiii. 62 Exclusive ! pooh ! trash ! 
talk to every y. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Montaigne 
Wks. (Bohn) pe 336 The literary class is usually proud and 
exclusive. 1857 Max Miccer ag lona I. x. 256 No re- 
ligion .. was more exclusive than that of the Brahmans. 
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl, 1. 162 An oligarchic govern- 
ment, as exclusive as that of the worst days of the Venetian 
Republic. 1878 Bosw. Smitn Carthage 179 The strange 

animals and rich minerals..which had so enlarged the ideas 

..of the untravelled and exclusive Israelites. 


limited 


1. Anexclusive proposition or particle. Cf. A. 5. 

1533 More Debell. Salem Wks. 943/1 This man hath a 
special insight in inclusiues & exclusiues, when he weneth 
y* in my words it wer included [etc.]. 1579 Furxe Heskins’ 
Parl. 174 The scriptures that say Christ is in heauen, speake 
without exclusiues, or exceptiues. a@1655 Vines Lord's 
Supp. (1677) 285, I will not now stand to prove the exclusive. 
1864 Bowen Logic v. 145 These {Exponibles] are divided 
into ie octatue Bees and Restrictives. 

+2. =exclusive voice (see A. 1; cf. It. exclusiva). 

1599 SANDYS Europe Spec. (1632) 147 Whereby having the 
Exclusive as they terme it; no Pope can be made but with 
his liking. 

3. An exclusive person. Cf. A. 9. 

1825 R. Warp Tremaine II. ii. 24 She came out .. in full 
maturity of fastidiousness, a Snlshed Exclosiva, 1837 Lock- 
HART Scott (1839) VIII. 75 One by one, the other pet 
were seen engaged in a little téte-A-téte with her Ladyshi 
1867 Lyp, Cuitp Rom. Repub, xxiii, 283 She used to 
most fastidious of exclusives. 


Exclusively (eksklisivli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY? 

+ a. In an exclusive sense; by an exclusive mode 
of computation; with exclusion of the extreme 
points of a series. Ods.: cf. ExcLustvE A. 4b. 

1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 70 In reckoning your distances 

. you vnderstood mee exclusiuely, and I meant inclusiuely. 


1656 Cow ry Davideis 11. (1669) 119 note, Some understand 
this gift exclusively, as to the Sword, Bow, and Girdle. 166 


the 


EXCOGITATE. 


Exclusiveness (ckskl7‘sivnés), Byte as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality or condition - 
clusive ; the desire or tendency to exclude 
exclusive character. 
Battey (folio), E.xclusiveness, exclusive quality. 


1730-6 
Hare Guesses Ser. Exclusiveness. .arises 
Se Ge eae i hal ie rag R: usa in 


Encycl. Met: Te ‘1 The exclusiveness of propert: 
2882 Miss Ben TH Rei telat 


, ie (chaklorsivicim). Bie: as prec. + 
-IsmM.] The ag or practice of being exclu- 


sive ; tic exclusiveness. 
‘ BES fs Mag. 1.598 E-eclusiviom,—or the principle of 
certain 


within hey Ibid. V1 That sj tet 
Sie nt chm ge 
the streams. 5 ei 2i 

We may d se the charge of exclusivism. z ~ 

Exclu'sivist. rave. [f.as prec.+-18sT.] One 
who maintains the exclusive rly a theory). 

1885 GLapstone in 19¢ Cent. Nov. 701 The field of Greek 
mythol pores the favorite sporting-ground of the exclu- 
sivists of the solar 


theory. 

Exclu‘sory (ekskli#sari), a. [ad. late L. 8 
clisori-us, {. excliis- ppl. mae = ocr $ 
EXcLUDE v. and oxy Ea wer Or the 
function of excluding ; eaten $ tes = ude ; = Ex- 
CLUSIVE A. 1. Const. of. 

1585 Bonner in Burnet /7st. ae IL. 279 To oe rotten ‘aed 
Term peremptory, and other that were exc! 
disputations. *Patemon’ Friendship 25 Feonae ped 
treamly — to es all as Vices and — how they 


were particu gd of Friendshi: 1-1800 in 
Baitey. 1 aily Tel, 3 Nov. v. 4/5 Th The e clasory laws 
were the result of the narrowest and most exasperating re- 


ligious intolerance, 

+ Exco'ct, v. Ods. [f. L. excoct- ppl. stem of 
excoguére, {. ex- out + cogudre to boil, melt.] 

1. trans. To produce, extract, or obtain (chiefly, 
a metal) by heat. 

1601 eee les Pliny 11. 508 There isa stone. .out of which 

.(with burning) they excoct brasse. 1626 Bacon ae § 84 ied 
Salt and sugar, which are excocted by Heat, are dissol 
by Cold, and Moisture. 1671 J. WEBSTER ‘Metallogr. iii. 
56 A new Iron is excocted forth of them. Pi 7 in JoHNson. 

b. To drive off by heat. In quo’ “ 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) souls ae t]..through 
immoderat violence of _ did exceed. .the same was ex- 
cocted againe and er the fire of iis suffring. 1652 
H. More in Enthus. vi. (636) 208 Put thy soul into a 
awe le..and set it on ‘Gatto that will excoct and purge 
"3 th drosse. 


o drive off the moisture of; to elaborate, 
La mature, ri 


1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath w. 18b, e an earthy 
dryenes, temperatl excocted, and not 1576 New- 
Ton tr. Lemnie’s Complex. (1633) 179 ir head. .is not of 


ability to excoct = nutriment into the use and comlinesse 

of haires. 1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 182 'The Saliva 
.so excocted and viscid as to bring of Suffocation, 

Tbid. 297 Bile. .too on excocted..makes wild Mischief. 


+Excorct, fa tl Obs. rare—', [ad. L. ex- 
coct-us, . pple pers see prec.] Boiled 
thoroughly. 


EwTon tr. Lemmie’s Complex. (1633) 173 An un- 
—— being excoct, settled. -and fined 


[ad. late L. EScoer 


tidn-em, n. of action f. excapalio sap 
The action of extracting or elaborati sing by heat. 

1640 G. Wats tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. v. ii. In the ex- 
fa a depurations of Metalls it is a s Senne. a. 
that to nce excocti augment t e 

- 3 tr Pancivollne Rerum Mem, 11. vii. 316 
here are other Things, ue Wee eee 
aters. 


BovLe Spring of Air 11. ix, (1682) 4 All the Experi 


from the 9 = the 17 exclusively our examiner leavin; 
censured, Secr, Serv, Money Chas. §& Fas. ( 
den) 146 Com encing the 2oth of a last exclusively, 
and ending the 14th Dec, instant inclusively. 1726 Ayvurre 
Parerg. 152 The first Part lasts from the ate of the Cita- 
_ to the .. Contestation of Suit, exclusively. 180g East 

eports V. 246 The word until. .is used indi erently either 
Hi usively or exclusively. 

+2. To the exclusion of, without the participa- 
tion of, the persons or things designated. Const, 
of, to. Obs. 

160 Br. Taytor Lid. Proph. A PP 'to§ 18 (1817) 409 [In 
baptism] when water is taken exc athe ct the Spirit, it is 
very true that it is not water cleanses the soul. ax 
Boyte (J.), To be esteemed, exclusively to all the rest, its 
y ingredients, 1725-6 Broome Notes 


1g8x J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 111 Logici 
framyn, i sounde and probable Argument from the propo- 
sition nent, to the Exclusive. 1725 Watts Logic 1. 


to Odyssey (J.), Ulysses addresses himself to the queen 
chiefly or primarily, but not exclusively oft the king. +748 
Hartley ites Man i. -e 389 These Criterions mi 


ii. § 4) Excie usive Propositions will forma H 
as, pious Men are the only Favourites of | Heaven. 1864 
Bowen  aieie y. 135 The English Exclusive particles are, 
= only, alone, exclusively, etc, did. v. 145 Exclusive 
itions limit the Predicate to this one Subject, thereby 

vi uding it from every other Subject. 
. Ofa marge te or grant: Excluding all other 
penons from the rights conferred. Hence of a 
ht, privilege, ion, quality, etc.; In which 
ers have no share, Sc, Law; (see quot. 1861). 
765 T. Hutcuinson Hist, Prov. Mass. i. 129 The 
Fey claim ., an exclusive fishery upon the sea-coast. 
1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 20 The king’s eaindve, legal title. 
1810 WELLINGTON in Gurw, Disf, V. 488 They must be under 


of the ecies, exclusivel of 
all other Evidence = es 


3. So as to exclude all except some particular 
obec, subject, etc. ; solely, 


Cromwett Left. 12 Sept., Are troubled that 
Christ i is preached? Is preachin; Ud exclusively your func- 
tion? x Paey Evid. (1825) 294 The power of life 


and death resided exclusively hi in red Ramen governor. 1825 
M:Cuttocn Pol. Econ. u. ii. 153 We do not owe our fires 
———— to the miner, or exclusively to the coal mer- 
chant. 
+4. Ina spirit of exclusiveness. Ods. rare. 
1814 Jane Austen Mansf. Park (1851) 71 A set Phd you 
condemn so exclusively, 


"+ ~genton te Obs. rare—'. [ad. late L. 
excddication-em, n, of action f. Tr ncadan to re- 
move the soil from the roots of a tree, f. ex- (see 
Ex- pref.l) + codex, cddic-em, later form of caudex 
stem, trunk.] The action of digging up or re- 
= the soil from the roots of a tree. 

‘allad. on Husb. 1. es fa har aoe 
to Sauclaie Of erthe, and all from 
table (ekskprdgitib'l) a. Tas sit ad. L. 
*excogitabilis f. fe tare ; see next.) That admits 
of being ex: (In quot, mistake for zvex- 
ae the t "original has inescogitabile.) 


D. Hypnerotomachia 67 They it mee into 
a fayre Orchy roma of swengiahie sepeth tyme, and subtel- 


“Ercogitate (ekskp*dgitelt) v. ip 1 ng 
ppl. stem of excdgitare to find out thinking, f. 


ex- out + cdgitdre to think; see CoGITaTE. 
1. “rans. To think out; to construct, 

develop in se oa to Siar. devise, Also with 

inf. or sentence as ob, 


Pd dt 3 Dowes in a 1. i 
voured myself .. to excogi 
reste 1546 Lanatey Pol. Wg een 2 ae 
saieth euer thought y* 


Assirians 
be which Cadmus brought out of ay Excopned the 
ity Chr, Astrol. Raa 734 The have ex- 
conkaed tated many and sundry wayes for to find out u 
1665 Evetyn penis (a8sp) >I. 167 Dr. Wilkins, Sir 
wn, Petty, and Mr. Hooke, with our operator. . 


EXCOGITATE. 


cogitating new rigging for ships. 1836-7 Srr W. HamitTon 
Metaph. xx. (1870) II. 4 We here excogitate no new, no oc- 
cult principle. 1868 Browninc Ring §& Bk. ut. 712 He.. 
did at last excogitate How he might keep the good and 
leave the bad. 

absol. 1814 CHaLmers Evid. Chr. Revel. viii. 214 He ceases 
to observe, and begins to presume, or excogitate. 

4] 2. intr. =COGITATE. 

1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Wks. 1. xxxvi. 266/1 When 
thereon I doe excogitate, Intrinsicall and querimonious paines 
Doe pulverise the concaue of my braines. 

+Exco'gitate, pp/e. Obs. [ad. L. excdgitat-us, 
pa. pple. of excdgita-re: see prec.] Used as pa. 
pple. of prec. 2 

1 Exyor Gov, 1. vii, What noble statutes, ordinances, 
and actes of counsaile from time to time haue bene excogi- 
tate. 1 Henry VIII Declar, Scots 196 It appereth a 
playne deuise only excogitate for a delay. 1689 tr. Buch- 
anan’s De F¥ure Regni 30 Honour. .can be told or excogitate 
to be in any Man. 

Excogitated (ekskp-dziteitéd), sg/. a. [f. prec. 
verb+-ED!.] Thought out, contrived, devised. 

ax619 Foruersy A theom. 1. vii. § 3 An excogitated and 
composed tale, to deceiue the world, 1814 Cuatmers Evid. 
Chr. Revel. x. 267 An assumed or excogitated principle of 
ourown, 1869 J. Martineau ss, II. 177 An excogitated 
system, arising by the evolution of pure thought. 

Excogitation (ekskp:dzité-fon). [ad. L. ex- 
cagitdtion-em, n. of action f. excdgitére to think 
out: see EXcoGITaTe.] 

1. The action of excogitating ; thinking out; re- 
flection, mental contrivance. Const. of 

x Etyor Gov. 1. xxiii, To consideration pertaineth ex- 
cogitation and auisement. 1655 H. VauGHan Silex Scint. 
1, Pref. (1858) 3 Many of them cast away all their fair por- 
tion of time, in. .excogitation of idle words. 1759 JoHNSON 
Rasselas xliii, The labour of excogitation is too violent to 
last long. 1854 H. Rocers £ss. (1860) II. 12 Patient ex- 
cogitation must be the metaphysician’s great instrument. 
1 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. ii, To the excogitation of this 
problem, [he] had devoted many anxious hours. 

2. A result of the action ; a plan thought out; a 
contrivance, an invention. 

1664 Power Exf, Philos. 1. 81 The second Experiment is 
one of the ingenious Excogitations of M. Gascoign’s. a1687 
Petty Pol. Arith. i. (1691) 21 All these Particulars, said to 
be the subtile Excogitations of the Hollanders. 1706 Puit- 
Lies, Excogitation, an Invention or Device. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey. 1748 Smottett Rod. Rand, (1812) I. 292, I will 
impart my own simple excogitations. 

Excogitative (ekskg'dziteitiv), @. [f. Ex- 
COGITATE UV, +-IVE.] Adapted for, concerned with, 
or having the power of excogitating. 

1846 H. Rocers £ss. I. iv. 170 In mathematics, where the 
demands on the excogitative faculties are so great. 1864 
Sara in Daily Tel. 23 Nov., I had an acute excogitative 
ability. I could reason out an idea. 


Excogitator (ekskp-dzitéitex). [agent-n. f. L. 
excdgitare : see ExcoGITATE and -oR.] One who 
excogitates. 


1847 Sir W. Hamitton Let, De Morgan 28 An original 
excogitator of the doctrine. 

+ Exco'gitous, a. Obs. vare—. [f. L. excdgit-are 
+-ous ; after med.L. cdgitésus.] Inventive. 

‘e N. Lockyer Sevm. 15 Impatience is very excogitous. 

+ Excola‘tion. Os. rare—'. [ad. L, excola- 
tton-em, n. of action f. excd/are to strain out, f. 
ex- out + colare to filter.] The action of filtering 
or straining out. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man v.83 A certaine worke made in 
the reynes to the excretion or excolation of Urine. 

+ Excomme'nge, v. Oés. [ad. AF. *excom- 
enger, OF. escomenger, corresp. to Pr. escomeniar, 
esc ari—L. exe inicare to ExcoMMUNI- 
CATE.] ¢vans. To excommunicate. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) tv. vii. 186 Yf the 
synner be fallen into sentence, excommenged or interdyted. 
1577 HoLtnsHep Chron. II. 26/2 The pope excommenged 
the towne. 164: Termes de la Ley 149 Excommengement 
.. is where a man by the iudgement in Court Christian is 
Excommenged. 

Hence + Excomme:ngement [OF. escomenge- 
ment], excommunication. 


385 


in, but excommuned the lines thereof, 1654 Gayton Pleas. 
Notes 1. vi. 21 Poets..were excommun’d Plato’s Common 
Wealth, > 

+ Exco‘mmunement. 00s.-°  [ad. OF. ex- 
comuniement.] = EXCOMMUNICATION. 

ze Parser. 218/r Excomunement, excommenge. 

xcommunicable (eksk/miz#nikab’l), a. [f. 
EXCOMMUNIC-ATE v. + -ABLE.] Liable to be ex- 
communicated ; deserving excommunication. Of 
an offence: Punishable by excommunication. 

1594 Hooker £cc/. Pol. ut. 1. (1617) 84 Altho’ they be im- 
pious idolaters, wicked Heretikes, persons excommunicable. 
1646 Burd. Issach. in Phenix 1708 II. 281 This Assembly 
is above the King. .to their Orders he must give Obedience : 
otherwise he is excommunicable. 1680 Baxter Cath. 
Commun. (1684) 13 To render each other odious, or vile, 
and excommunicable. 1836 Kester in Hooker's Wks. (1845) 
I. Pref. 28 What offences are excommunicable. 

Excommunicant (ekskfmi7nikant). [ad. L. 
excommiinicant-em, pr. pple. of excommiinicdre: 
see ExcomMUNICcATE, (With sense 2 cf. ExaMIN- 
ANT 2.)] 

1. One who excommunicates; an excommunicator. 

1651 Hosses Leviath, ut. xlii. 308 Might be a greater 
pain to the Excommunicant than to the Excommunicate, 

42. = ExcommunicateE B. 

1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 313 Likewise with these, we 
arraunge all.,excommunicants, heretiques, vsurers, pan- 
dars, histrions, or stage players. 1641 Heyuin Hist. Epi- 
scopacy (1657) II. 365 When as the wickednesse of Felicissi- 
mus..was growne unto the height, the Father of his owne 
authority denounced him excommunicant. 1887 J. Marti- 
nEAU National Church in Contemp, Rev: LI. 416 Innu- 
merable swarms of excommunicants — Donatists, Arians, 
Monophysites, Albigenses, Hussites. [In mod. Dicts.] 

Excommunicate (ekskgmiznik¢t), pa. pple, 
ppl.a.and sb, Also 6,8 -icat. [ad. L. excomma- 
nicat-us, pa. pple. of excommiinica-re (see next).] 

A. pa. pple. and ppl. adj. 

1. Excommunicated. arch. 

1526 TINDALE Yohn ix. 22 He shulde be excommunicat 
out of the Sinagoge. 1662 Lamont Diary 21 Sept. 195 
Divers persons were excommunicat att this tyme. 1762 
Hume Hist. Eng xiv. 129 They..engaged the bishops. .to 
pronounce him [Gavaston] excommunicate if he remained 
any longer in the kingdom. 1839 Battey Festus Proem 
(1848) 5/r Nor is this An outlawed orb nor excommunicate. 
1874 GREEN Short Hist. iii. § 2. 121 None of his allies.. 
could fight side by side with an excommunicate king. 

92. Axcommunicate things (tr. Heb. ow herem): 
objects devoted to destruction. 

rsx Bisce (Matthew) Yosh. vi. 18 If you take of the ex- 
communicate thyngs so shal you make the hooste of Israell 
excommunicate, 1635 Pacitt Christianogr. 213 Achan., 
took of the excommunicate things of Jerico. 

B. sé. An excommunicated person. 

1562 in Strype Ax. Ref. I. xxxi. 349 Those excommuni- 
cates, for whom there is a Significavit directed. 1670 MILTON 
Hist. Eng. ww. (1851) 159 Thou hast neglected to abstain from 
the House of that Excommunicate. argix Ken Hymns 
Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 135 Jews you as Excommuni- 
cates will treat. 1852 Miss YoncE Cameos (1877) III. xxx. 
309 They turned the coffin of Gaston de Foix, as an excom- 
municate, out of the Cathedral. 

transf. 1626 Suirtey Brothers ut. i, Poor Fernando, for 
her sake, must stand An excommunicate from every blessing. 
1640 T. Carew To nzy inconstant Mistris i, Thou, poore 
excommunicate From all the joyes of love. 

Excommunicate (eksk/mi/nikeit), v. Also 
6 -icat. [f. late (Eccl.) L. excommiinicat- ppl. 
stem of excommiinicare lit. ‘to put out of the 
community,’ f. ex- out + commiinzs common, on the 
analogy of commziinicdre (see COMMUNICATE). ] 

1. trans. (Eccl.) To cut off from communion ; to 
exclude, by an authoritative sentence, from parti- 
cipation in the sacraments and services of the 
church, or from religious rites in general. 

1526-34 TinDALE Yohn xvi. 2 They shall excommunicat 
i 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm, Tim. 118/1 To deliuer to 

athan is nothing else, but to excommunicate a man, 1660 
R. Coxe Power § Subj. 10 If a man be excommunicated, 
he shall have no advantage or relief in any ‘plea by the 
common law. 1757 Burke Adridgm. Eng. Hist, Wks. X. 
189 They [the Druids] were further armed with a power of 


sie Ae 11 Hen. VII, c. 24 § 1 Any... excc g t 
pleded or alleged in the partie playntif. 1531 S¢. German's 
Doctor & Stud, u. xxxii, Yf the excommengement be of 
record in the kynges courte. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 134 a, 
None can certifie excommengement but only the Bishop. 
1641 [see above]. 

+ Excoymmon, v. nonce-wd. [f. Ex- pref + 
Common: cf. next.] =DiscomMon (see quot.). 

1667 E, CHamBertayne St. Gt. Brit. 1. mn. x. (1743) 241 
For a offences they [members of Lincoln’s Inn, etc.] 
are only excommoned, or put out of commons, not to eat 
with the rest. 

+Excommune, v. Ods. Also 5-6 excom- 
(m)yne. [ad. F. excommunier, ad. L, excommii- 
nicare; see EXCOMMUNICATE.] 

1. trans, (Eccl.) =EXcoMMUNICATE I. 

Caxton Cato F ij, Alle those that byleve the sortleges 
and devynours been excommunyd. xg02 Ord. Crysten 
Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. vii. 77 To be excommyned & de- 
parted by mortall re from. .the holy chyrche catholyke. 
1608 T. Morton Preamb. Incounter 27 He was admo- 
nished and excommuned before he was degraded. 

2. transf. With double obj. ; To excommunicate 
or exclude from. 

1650 FuLLER Pisgah. wv. i. bet cannot recover Paphos 
ioe Aa this Map, behold it therefore peeping 

OL, . 


. .EXcc icating any obnoxious persons. 1815 WELLING- 
TON 19 Jan. in Gurw. Disp. XII. 250 The actors of the 
Théatre Francais having been excommunicated. .the curate 
of St. Roch refused to receive the body into the Church. 
1875 Bryce Holy Rom, Emp. xiii. (ed. 5) 209 Excommuni- 
cated by Gregory IX for not going to Palestine, he 
[Frederick IT] went, and was excommunicated for going. 

+b. To forbid (an action) under pain of ex- 
communication. Ods. rare. 

1644 Mitton A reop. Wks. (1847) 106/1 Martin the fifth by 
his bull. .was the first that excommunicated the reading of 
heretical books, 

2. transf. 

1602 Row.anps Greene's Ghost 3 To be reiected and ex- 
communicated from the fellowship of all honest men. 1666 
J. Situ Old Age (1752) 46 [In assimilation] those [parts of 
the chyle] that are like to prove unconformable, are excom- 
municated to the pores, 1823 Lams E/sa Ser. 1. iii. (1865) 
24 He was excommunicated; put out of the pale of the 
school, 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 93 If he were con- 
tumacious he pet be excommunicated, or, in other words, 
be deprived of all civil rights and imprisoned for life. 

Hence Excommurnicated ///, a.; also adsol., 
Excommu‘nicating wv/. sb. and Zi. a. 

1580 Baret Adv. E 430 Excommunicated, 1648 JENKYN 
Blind Guide i. 4 The faithful with a holy scorn neglect his 
excommunicating of you. 1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. 


EXCORDIATE, 


ix. 93 That none eat or drink with such an excommunicated 
erson. 128 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. 252 Neither 
und to..Obey an Excommunicated Queen, 1814 Scorr 
Ld. of Isles 1. xxiv, Or dream of greeting, peace or truce, 
With excommunicated Bruce! 1837 CartyLe Fr. Rev. u. 
v. vi, Plotting Aristocrats, and excommunicating Dissident 
Priests. 1845 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. Il. 487 The 
right of excommunicating..is inherent in every man. 1862 
Trencu MMirac. xviii. 303 In case the excommunicated 
showed no sign of repentance, 

Excommunication — (ekskgmizmikéi-fon). 
Also 5 excomunycacion. [ad. late L. excommii- 
nication-em, f. excommiinicare: see prec. and 
-ATION, Cf. F. excommunication.] The action 
of excommunicating or cutting off from fellowship. 

1. Eccl. The action of excluding an offending 
Christian from the communion of the Church; the 
state or fact of being so excluded. Also in wider 
sense: The exclusion of an offending member from 
any religious community, e.g. Jewish or heathen. 

The Canon Law recognizes two kinds of excommunication : 
the lesser, by which an offender is deprived of the right to 
eacieee in the sacraments; the greater, by which he is 
cut off from all communication with the church or its 
members. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clxiv. 168 This to be obseruyd 
vpon payne of excomunycacion. 1555 EDEN Decades 172 
We furthermore streightly inhibite all maner of persons .. 
vnder the peyne of the sentence of excommunication .. to 
trauayle for marchaundies, 1651 Honpes Leviath. (1839) 
502 This part of the power of the keys, by which men were 
thrust out from the kingdom of God, is that which is called 
excommunication. @1744 Pore Love of the World Re- 
proved, A part in every swine No friend..May taste..On 
pain of excommunication. 1781 Gisson Decé. § /. IIL. 
34 A sentence of excommunication was pronounced, which 
enjoined Ambrose to depart from Milan without delay. 
1856 Froupve //ist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 192 Excommunication 
seems but a light thing when there are many communions, 

b. transf. 

1830 Hoop Haunted H.1. iii, A house—but under some 
prodigious ban Of Excommunication, 1840 — Uf the 
Rhine 16 The yellow flag which indicates that sanitary ex- 
communication [quarantine]. 1873 F. Haru Mod. Eng. 34 
He calls you a utilitarian. The greater excommunication 
being thus denounced against you. 

2. Short for ‘sentence of excommunication’. 

1647 Crarenpon //ist. Reb. u. (1843) 43/2 To restrain 
any excommunication from being pronounced. .without the 
approbation of the bishop. 1781 Gipson Decé. §& F. IIL. lvi. 
366 By some acts of rapine or sacrilege, he had incurred a 
papal excommunication. 1866 Kincstey Herew. vii. 129 
The pope fulminated an excommunication against him. 

3. (See quot.) 

175t Cuampers Cycé. s.v., The rule of the Benedictines 
gives the name Excommunication, to the being excluded 
from the oratory, and the common table of the house. 

Excommunicative (ckskgmivnikeitiv), a. 
[f. EXcoMMUNICATE v. + -IVE.] a. Characterized 
by the refusal of communion. b. Containing a 
sentence of excommunication. ¢. Also of persons: 
Disposed or eager to excommunicate. 

1825 CoLERIDGE Aids Rel. (1848) I. 166 No other Church 
acts on so narrow and excommunicative a principle. 1858 
CarLyLe Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. 1. iv. 68 Thomas & Becket.. 
coming home excommunicative. 1876 Contemp. Rev. 
XXVIII. 65 There was in existence an excommunicative 
decree against comedians. 

Excommunicator (ekskmi*nikeito1), [fas 
prec. +-O0R.] One who excommunicates. 

1643 Prynne Treachery § Disloy, 8 King John..himselfe 
was one of the Excommunicators. 1681 BaxTER Amsvw. 
Dodwell ii. 12 Who will judg, but the Excommunicator, 
what is unsinful as to his act? 1828 D’Israeui Chas. /, 1. 
vi. 169 The Pope, who succeeded the excommunicator of 
Elizabeth. 1855 Mirman Lat, Chr. (1864) IV. vit. ii. 94 
He must obtain the absolution from his excommunicator. 

Excommunicatory (ekskgminikatari), a. 
[f. as prec.+-oRy.] a. Of or pertaining to ex- 
communication, b. = EXcOMMUNICATIVE c, 

a. 1683 Cave Anc. Ch. Govt. 292 The Excommunicatory 
letter sent to Acacius himself. 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. 
(1864) III. vi. iii. 458 The spiritual death inflicted by the 
excommunicatory decree of the church at Augsburg. 1884 
M. Rute Pref. to Eadmeri Historia Novorum 111, The 
excommunicatory sentence which the council of Bari ad- 
judged the Red King to have incurred, A 

b. 1837 CartyLe Fr. Rev. 1. v. vi, The excommunica- 
tory Priests give new trouble in the Maine and Loire. 

+ Excommu'nion. Ods. [?f. ExcoMMUNE v., 
onthe analogy of communion. Cf. Pg.excomunhad.] 
=Excommunication. (Frequent in Milton.) 

ny i Mitton Ch. Govt. ut. iii. Wks, (1847) 51/1 They. .hold- 
ing forth the dreadful sponge of excommunion pronounce 
him wiped out of the list of God’s inheritance. 1642 Renron- 
str. Ch. Irel. 32 There was an Excommunion from the chief 
of their Church, against any of his Religion that would not 
do the like. 1659 Mitton Civ. Power Eccl. Causes Wks. 
1738 I. 549 Such are punished by Excommunion only, 

+Excommuny. Os. In 6 excomunye. 
[a. OF. excommunie, f. excommunier to excom- 
municate.] = EXCOMMUNICATION, 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) tv. ix. 195 Paynes 
canonycalles as ben excomunye, suspencyon, interdyte. 

Exco(m)myne, var. form of EXcoMMUNEY. Obs. 

+ Exco'ncavate, v. Obs. [f. L. ex- out + con- 
cavus CONCAVE + -ATE3.] ¢rans. To hollow out. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 141/2 Excon- 
cavate an onione, replenishe him agayne with saffern, etc. 


+ Exco'rdiate, #//. a. Ods. [f. Ex- +L. cord-, 
cor heart + -(I)ATE 21 Deprived of heart or courage. 
49 


EXCORIABLE. 
3504 Zepheria xxxix, If at last, she all, through fear ex- 
cordiate, thee not to 


peace, 
ble (ekskderiab’l), a. rare". 
excoria-re (see neat) + Ine) Copeiae of 
excoriated; that may be rubbed or stri off. 
Sir T. Browne Cc iii. 147 a natural 
net is the scaly covering of fishes .. even in such as are 
~ excoriable and consist of smaller scales, as Bretts, Soals. 

Excoriate (eksk6erijeit), v, Also pa. pple. 6- 
9 Excoriare. [f. L. excordat- ppl. stem of excord- 
are to strip off the hide, f. ex- out + corium hide.] 

+1. ¢rans. To:pull off the skin or hide from (a 
man or beast); to flay. Ods. 

1614 Raveicu Hist. World 111, 41 Otanes..whom Cam- 
byses had excoriated for false judgement. a1653 GoucE 
Comm. Heb. iv. 13 Beasts. .being excoriated or flayed, were 
cut down from the neck to the rump. a@1681 WHARTON 
Feasts & Fest. Wks. (1683) 26 He [St. Bartholomew] was. . 
Excoriated, or fleaed alive. 1826 Disrazui Viv. Grey u. 
xv. 77 They compliment them [their victims] upon. .the 
delicacy of their limbs prior to excoriating them. 

b. ¢ransf. To strip off the rind or bark from. 

1 Asn, Excoriating, taking off the bark. 

- ‘o remove portions of the skin (or analogous 
membrane) from. Now chiefly ath. of the action 
of corrosives, of abrasion, etc. 

1497 Br. Avcock Mons Perfect. E ij a, Excoriate and 
wounde dayly theyr self with sharpe hayr. 1605 Timme 
Quersit. 1. xiii. 60 The intralls being excoriated, death by a 
lingering consumption ensueth. 1656 RipGiey Pract. 
Physick 109 The ends of his Fingers are supposed to be 
excoriated. 1771 Smotcetr Humph. Cl. (1815) 77 Stuffing 
my nose with spirit of hartshorn, till the whole inside was 
excoriated. 
..Were excoriated as with vinegar and gall. x 
Luptow Little Briggs & [ 201 The grand idea of how to fix 
it in a boy’s memory was to excoriate his palm. 

3. transf. and fig. 

1633 J. Fisher 7rue Trojans i. viii. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XII. 506 Though wrongs excoriate the heart. 1661 R. W. 


fox 


loa! 1708 Motrevux Rabelais (1737) V. 233 Excoriating 
the Language Latiale. 1809 Naval Chron. XXV. 209 It 
[lightning] excoriated the lower part of the head post. 

4. To strip or peel off (the skin); to remove 

the lining membrane) by corrosion. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health cix. 41 b, Excoriat the skyn and 
maturat the matter. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 71 Be- 
cause it may bee excoriated or flayed off. @ 1691 Bove /ist. 
Air xix. Wks. 1772 V. 694 The heat of the Island Squau- 
ena..excoriates the skin. 1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds I. 
445 To prevent..the matter..from excoriating the skin. 
1843 Betuune Sc. Fireside Stor. 62 Exuding acrid matter, 
and thereby excoriating the cuticle. 

Excoriate (ekskoe'rijeit), pple. arch.; also 6-7 
-at. [ad. L. excoriadt-us, pa. pple. of excorid-re: 
see next.] A. Used as pa. pple. of prec. B. Af/. 
a.=next. 

1544 Puaer Regi. Lyfe (1546) K j, If the bowels be ex- 
coriat, ye shal give thys peculiar remedy. 1560 RoLLanp 
Crt. Venus 1. 344 Tratour..Thow seruis quick to be ex- 
coriate. 1681 Core Whigs Supplic.(1751) 109 While hips 
so Tig made him swaddle Through all the corners of the 
saddle. 
«-with excoriate forks. 1814 Cary Dante 55 The pack.. 
came Excoriate from the lash. : 

+ b. with allusion to the practice of circumcision. 

1611 Panegyr. Verses in Coryat Crudities, He more 
prevail’d against the ’xcoriate lewes Then Broughton could. 

Excoriated (eksk6-rijeitéd), A/a. [f. Exco- 
RIATE v.+ -ED1,] Having the skin or rind rubbed 
or i 9 off. Also ¢ransf. and ig. 

1661 Lovett //ist. Anim. & Min. 49 The decoction of a 
Fox excoriated and embowelled..used as an embrocation. 
1676 Wiseman Chirurg. Treat.(J.), An hypersarcosis arises 
upon the excoriated eyelid. 1708 Morreux Radelais (1737) 

- 233 Tis meer excoriated Latiality. 1819 G. S. Faser Dis- 
pensations (1823) II. 296 Pointing to his excoriated frame. 

Excoriation (eksk6e:rijet-fan). [f. Excorn1aTEe 
v.: see -ATION. Cf. F. excoriation.] 

1. The action of excoriating ; the state of being 
excoriated; +a. the action or process of flaying 
(a man or beast (0ds.)); b. the action of abrading 
a portion of the cuticle, or of the coating of any 
organ of the body; an instance of this; ¢. the 
action of stripping off (the bark of a tree). 

a. ry! Brewer Lingua in. v, A little before the excoria- 
tion of 9p, el Austin Medit. 220 Some keep the 
day of his [ jolomew’'s) Excoriation; and some, the 
day of his Decollation holy. 1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1, 11. 
ix. 141 After the killing of the Holocaust, follows the ex- 
coriation, and dissection. 

b. 1447 Bokenuam Seyntys (Roxb.) 259 The reed flyx.. 
wyth of the guttys excoryacyoun Sendyth owte sangweyn 
agestyoun. Soe Lame Dodoens w.1xxx. They drinke it 
[tragacanth]. .against excoriation or knawing of the bladder. 
x Danetrt tr. Comtines A sharpe sicknes of excoria- 
tion and the stone. _, . More Myst. Inig. xxii. 84 
What Flagellations and Excoriations of the Body. | 275 
Jounson Xambler No. 133 3, I was punished with artificial 
excoriations in hopes of gaining new graces with a new skin. 
1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist.(1776) VII. 99 The Germans. .com- 
plained ofa slight excoriation of the lips. 1813 W. Heser- 
DEN in Med. Trans. (1815) V. 39 Stopping the Excoriation 
+ conseq upon inual Pressure in Bed. 1844 Turrer 
Twins xv, Lash, lash, lash, in furious and fast succession, . 
to the universal excoriation of Mr. Julian Tracy. 

Cc. 1830 H . G. Strutt Sylva Brit. 125 The constant ex- 
coriation of the bark also produces a variety of hues. 


2. fig. 
1640 HowrtLt Dodona's Gr, 207 Hee hath marvailously 


Coe Charac., Colledge Butler (1860) 67 He canexcoriatea | 
ec. 


1857 C. Bronte Professor II. xx. 104 “ - | 


in Vie nat. App. i ) A plastre 

Prd ne oy Uy ey ee Ng 
Westminstre, to excoriacions. 175: Cuampers Cycé. 
s.v., He had a grievous excoriation behind, with ridin 
1874 tr. Van Buren’s Dis. Genit. Org.19 The epithelium 
comes off in leaving irregular excoriations. 

+ Exco te, Zp/.a. Obs. [f. L. ex- (see 
Ex- pref.) + oe body + -aTe®, Cf, 
InconPoRATE.] Disembodied. 


a T. Gorr Bajazet w. ix, So Jove I come, excorpo- 
Bi sngr Po Immortal as thyself. : 

rse: see EXcouRSsE v. Ods. 

Excorticate (ekskj-itikeit), v. [f. L. ex- out 
+ cortic- stem of cortex bark, shell + -aTE3.] ¢rans. 
To pull or strip off the bark from (a tree), or the 
shell from (a nut, seed). Also fig. 

1657 Tomuinson Renon’s Disp. 63 The seeds. .are excorti- 
fren | by a knife. 1664 Evetyn Sylva 69 Moss is to be 
rubb’d and scrap'd off with some fit instrument of Wood, 
which may not excorticate the Tree. 1844 Avs. Smit 
Adv. Mr. Ledbury v. (1886) 16 Looking about the nails as 
if he had been excorticating millions of new walnuts. 


. fig. 

1600 O. E. Refi. to Libel m1. vi. 31 To make his eloquence 
seeme more admirable, he doth excorticate certaine Latin 
words according to his Romish fashion, 

Hence Excorrticated f//. a. 

1657 Phys. Dict., Excorticated, fleyed or pieled. 169; 
Sir E. Kine in PAiZ. Trans. XV11. 863 (Whole Oatmeal, a 
an Excorticated Oat. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict, s.v. Dia- 
hexapte, Take Juniper-Berries unexcorticated, and Bay 
Berries excorticated. ; 

Excortication (ekskg:rtikZ-fon). [f. prec. : 
see -ATION. Cf. F. excortication.| The action of 


| stripping off or peeling the bark (from a tree). 


1 Evetyn Sylva (1776) 517 The prejudice accruing 
thereby as to the Tanner (in regard of the more difficult 
Excortication). 1725 Braptey Kam. Dict. s.v. nfirmities 
of trees, Excortication and Bark-Baring. : 

+ Excourse, «/. Os. [variant of Excurse, 
after the analogy of CouRSE. 

1. The action of running forth or out; an excur- 
sion or sally ; usually a hostile or marauding one. 

1523 St. Papers Hen. VII/, IV. 35 The rodes and ex- 
courses divised, to be made or not made, as ye shal se the 
cace to requyre. 1557 PayneL Barclay’s Fugurth 20 b, 
He assailed and inuaded more inwardly..by excourses of 
his horsemen. 1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. um. ii. 4 
During the whole time of the witches excourse, the diuel 
occupieth the roome and place of the witch. 

2. a. The means of sallying forth. b. The 
extent of ground covered, range (of a person’s 
aetivity, also of a chain of mountains). 

1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist.1.6 The nation of Britons 
.-havinge thether excourse owt of Fraunce did occupie the 
ilonde. /éd., The mountayne Grampius. .from the entree 


| of the ryver Dee..hathe excourse to the Irish seas. 1 


1791 Cowrer Yardley Oak 5 A shattered veteran | 


Bonner Necess. Doctr. C, The Excourse of hym is even 
unto the helles. 

3. = Excursvs 2. 

1579 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 144 He interlaceth a fond 
excourse of the authoritie of the later writers. 

+ Excou'rse, v. Os. ? Also excorse. [var. 
of pap heret intr. To exchange, barter, ‘swop’. 
(It is doubtful whether quot. 1593 belongs here.) 

1593 Nasue Christ's T. 52 b, So shall you be ready to 
curse God, and desire to be swallowed quicke, to excorse 
the agony you are in. 1623 Cockeram u, To Change.. 
Excourse, Trucke, Traffique. . Barter. 

+ Excre‘able, ¢. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. ex- 
(s\ereabilis, f. ex(s)cred-re: see EXCREATE and 
-ABLE.] That may be spit out. 

1623-6 Cocxeram, Excreable, which easily may be spit 
out. 1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Excreable, that may 
voided by spitting or retching. a1745 Swirt(W.). 1832 
in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts. 

Excrease, var. of Excrescr v. Ods. 

+ Excrea‘te, v. Ods.-° [f. L. ex(s)credt-, ppl. 
stem of ex(s)cre-dre to spit out by coughing (f. ex- 
out + scre-dre to hawk, hem) + -aTE3,] ¢rans, To 
cough or hawk up; to spit out. 

1623-6 in CockERAM. 1721-1800 in 
mod. Dicts. : 

+ Excrea‘tion. Ods. [ad. L. ex(s\credtion-em, 
n. of action f. ex(s)cred-re: see prec,] The action 
of coughing up or spitting out ; expectoration. 

1556 Cranmer Wes, II. 320 Extreme coughing and ex- 
creations which I cannot eschew. 1607 TopseLt ue Gs 
Beasts (1673) 204 The rennet. .stayeth bleeding, and refresh- 
eth excreations of bloud. 1610 fiasuse St. Aug. Citie of 
God 277 Sweet..Incrassating Things..may help Excrea- 
tion out of the Throat. 1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 323 
The excrements of the braine must daily be avoyded Ww 
the mouth by spetting and excreation. 

Excrement! (ekskr/mént). [a. F. exeré- 
ment, ad. L. excrément-um what is sifted out, f. 
excré-, excernére (sce EXcerNn, Excrets), f. ex- 
out + cernére to sift.] 

+1. That which remains after a process of sift 
or refining ; the dregs, lees, refuse. In quots. f/. 
only. Ods. 

mh Baker Yewell of Health 161 b, When as in it shall 
no other be contayned or remaine then the excrementes of 


. F 
BaiLey; whence in 


5 the or 

excrementes of digestion made in the bodie; as fleume, 
, melancholie, urine, t 

doe not. .offer us their and other excrements 

of the to be kissed? ‘opPsELL Four-f. Beasts 


(167 is excrement [urine] is 
ect ing. 

Corruption is the excrement 

Fam. Dict. 11.8 iv b/2 The Nose serves to..give a Passage 


of Excrement. 1745 Berxecey Let. Wks. 1871 
Eg by! os ns. awe sharp excrement from the 


B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. w. (1586) 180 b, 
manna] bee the sweate or excrement of the 
eavens, or a certaine spittle of the starres. 1751 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. 8.v., Some hold am ise. .an-excrement of the sea. 
b. esp. ‘The alvine or the waste matter 
discharged from the bowels’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 
Commonly #4. or collect. sing. ; rarely sing. with an. 
S33 Exyot Cast. Helthe u. (1541) 18b, Breade haueing 
branne, fylleth the bealy with excrementes. Even 
Decades 213 The excremente which they auoyde isa ge 
worme. 1678 Marve. Growth Popery . 1875 IV. 413 
But. .he is an ill woodman that knows not the size of the 
beast by the proportion of his excrement. s I. 

Tub (1711) 209 A fly, driven from a Hony-; will. . finish 
his Meal on an Excrement. 1843 J. A. Smrrn Product. 
Farming (ed. 2) 88 The excrements of all animals contain 
less nitrogen than their food. Darwin Jusectiv. Pi. 
xiv. 326 haped excl 

+¢. Superfluous matter thrown negli a plant. Obs. 

1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 43 Trees plants. .grow, 
bloome, and bring forth fruit ; which fruit Aristotle sayth, 
cometh from them instead of excrement. 1664 Power £-xf, 
Philos. 1. 29 How should an exc (Cuckow-spitt] of 
so many several Plants, still breed one and the same 
Animal. 1751 Cuamsers Cyc/. s. v., Gums, diverse juices, 
balms, &c. issuing spontaneously from their respective 
trees, are sometimes called excrements. ; 

3. fig. (In 16-17th c. often as an opprobrious de- 
signation of persons.) 

1561 T. Norton Ca/vin's Inst. Author's Pref., Abject sillie 
men we be ..yea and if you will, certaine excrements and 
outcasts of the world. 1642 Rocers Naaman 17 Ipta was 
thrown out for a base excrement from the family of Gilead. 
@ 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Fee Ors) 142 Thou com- 
mon-shore of this poetic town, Where all our excrements 
of wit are thrown. 

+E-xcrement 2. Ods. [ad. L. excrément-um, 
f. excré-, excréscére, f. ex- out + créscére to grow.] 

1. That which grows out or forth ; an outgrowth ; 
said vi of hair, nails, feathers. 

x waks. L.L, L. v. i, 109 It will please his Grace. .to 
dallie with my excrement, with my mustachio. Cc. 
Butter Fem. Mon. i. (1623) Cj, Men, beasts and fowles .. 
haue outwardly some offensive excrement, as_haire, or 
feathers. 1615 W. Hutt Mirr. May. A iva, Siluer and 

‘old, the white and yellow excrements of the earth? 1688 

. Hotme Armoury u. 85/2 Agarick, an Excrement or hard 
Mushroom, growing out of the sides of old Trees. 1705 
Bosman Guinea xiv. 236 That Excrement in the Negroes 
being more like Wool than hair. 

b. A growth, product. 

1616 Suret. & Markn. Country Farme 507 The excre- 
ments of the le. .are the frogge and the creuisse. 

2. fig. (When the notion is that of ‘superfluous 
out ’, this is sometimes not easily dis- 
tinguished from the fig. use of EXcREMENT !,) 

Compl. Scot. vi. 1 it is the excrement or 


the superfiuite of the cluddis. asHe Pasguil’s Apol. 
1. Aiiij b, Our Religion in gland is no newe excrement 
r 


‘ARNER A Jb, » XV. xCiV. 
(1612) - pect 


5 ae oe Ustlien e er 
. n 
ree oe Se 
. abstr. Growth, prey tations aaa 
Serpents ) erwise a 
Warned raid inttoose fins S aan sort in all respects, 
as the common W: do. The excrement is only in the 
small Worms. 1609 LAND Ornith, Microl, 47 Augmen- 
tation... is the excrement of some Note. For in it is 
put a Minime for a 

+E-xcrement, v. Ods. rare—'. [f. EXOREMENT 
sb.1] intr. To void excrement. 

1632 Lirucow 7rav. yun 347 {She} had neyther eate, nor 
drunke, nor yet ted tor yeares, 
Excremental (ekskr/me'ntal), a1 [f. Ex- 
CREMENT! +-AL.] ; 

+1. Pertaining to, or consisting of, the dregs or 
baser part of any substance. Cf. ExcreMEnT! 1, 
Of food: Consisting largely of matter useless for 
nutrition. Ods. “ 

mare Deane bth Health 193b, Vitrioll containeth 
mu t ry 

q 79 flesh, 
eee ja Met. xxvi, 179 The fac ay To 
sa al ched Pige flesh 2nd’ therefore more guttible, reo 
paar a * ‘They have ie Ghanian mec 
moist excremen: juyce. : BENN. 

's Improv. 83 A Cuckow, whose much spitting 
French tran 1 ee Flesh. 1662 R. Matuew 


EXCREMENTAL. 


Und. Adch. § 110. 180 To take a few grains of the excremental 
parts, out of an ounce of the substantial parts. 

2. Of the nature of excrement or evacuated matter. 

1574 Newton Health Mag. 2 The filth and excrementall 
matter of the bodie is thereby [by exercise] scattered and 
avoyded, 1658 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. vii. (ed. 4) 115 
Whether those little dusty particles upon the lower side of 
the leaves be seeds and seminal parts, or rather. .excremental 
separations, we have not been able to determine. 1 
Foster Phys. u. i. § 1. 183 The nutritious digested material 
is separated from the indigested or exc | material. 

b. jig. (cf. Exorement ! 3). 

139% Greene Disc. Coosnage (1859) 40 Vipers of the world, 
and an excrementall reversion of sin. 1593 NAsHE Christ's 
T. (2613) 159 In a damnable state are you, () ye excrementall 
vessels of lust. 

3. Pertaining to or consisting of excrements; 
concerned with or proceeding from excrements. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 139/2 When any 
man his excrementalle intestine issueth out. 1624 Donne 
Serm. xvii. 164 a, The spitting places and excremental cor- 
ners of the Streets. 1762 Lioyp Genius, Envy & Time 97 
Mere excremental maggots, bred In poets topsy-turvy head. 
1875 W. Houcuton Sk. Brit. Insects 115 Besides excre- 
mental food they prey on insects. 1884 Boston (Mass.) 
Frul. 15 Nov. 2/4 In excremental contaminations especially 
lies the greatest risk [of cholera poison]. 

+ Excreme‘ntal, @.2 Ods. rare. [f. Excrz- 
MENT? + -AL.] Of the nature of an outgrowth or 
excrescence. 

1644 Mitton Aveof. (Arb.) 45 Her whitenesse is but an ex- 
crementall whitenesse. 1656 Artif. Handsom. 46 Art [the 
polling of the hair, paring the nails, etc.] doth dayly turn .. 
those things which are but excrementall, to be ornamentall. 

Excremential (ekskr‘menfal), @. rare-'. 
[f. Excrement! + -()au, Cf. Fr. excrementiel.] 
= EXcREMENTAL 1. 

1847 Jounston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club Il. 226 Its 
pores are choked by excremential fluids. 

+ Excreme‘ntious, @. Ods. rare. [f. as prec. 
+-(1)oUS.] = ExcrEMENTITIOUS a.! 

1636 Featiy Clavis Myst. liii. 740 If nature produceth.. 
precious stones of excrementious moisture. 1694 WesTMA- 
cort Script. Herb. 22 Green beans are cold and moist and 
excrementious. 1707 FLoyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 24 Ex- 
crementious Humours, as Urine, Sweat, and hot Fumes 
from the Blood. 

Excrementitial (ekskrémenti:{al), a. Also 
7 -all. [f. as next + -AL. Cf. Fr. excrémentitiel.] 
= EXCREMENTITIOUS. 

1620 VENNER Via Recta iii. 51 If it [veal] be too young, 
then it is ouer-moist, crude, and excrementitiall. 1857 
Buttock tr. Cazeaux’ Midwif. 230 An excrementitial part, 
charged with carbon, forms the meconium. 

Excrementitious (ekskrémenti‘fas), @.1_ [f. 
assumed L. *excrémentict-us (f. excrément-um 
EXcrEMENT 1) +-ovs.] 

+1. Of the nature of the dregs or worthless part 
of any substance. Of food: Consisting largely of 
matter useless for nutrition ;= ExcREMENTAL! 1, 

1623 Hart Arraigum. Ur. ii. 8 The.. excrementitious 
part of the food is voided forth. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. 
§ Min. Introd., The flesh of wild beasts is lesse excre- 
mentitious and dryer, than that of the tame. 

2. Of the nature of excrement or excreted matter. 

1586 Bricut Melanch. xix. 118 The aged... faile in the 
execution of externall actions .. by excrementitious humi- 
ditie. 1623 RowLanpson Goa’s Bless. 35 As if mildew were 
+. an excrementitious humor. 1670 BoyLe in Phil. Trans. 
V. 2013 We kept the same Duckling in the same Receiver 
very close..to keep in the excrementitious steams of her 
body. 1744 BerkeLey Szvis § 30 Exhaling vessels, for 
carrying off excrementitious parts, are discovered through- 
out the whole surface of the vegetable. em Brit. Mag. 
IL. 435 The scent of excrementitious animal juices, such as 
musk, civet, etc. 1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1828) III. 
xxxii. 297 Almost all insects discharge some drops of an 
excrementitious fluid. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts Il. 740 s.v. 
Guano, This extraordinary excrementitious deposit of cer- 
tain sea-fowls. 

Jig. 164% Compl. conc. Corruptions & Grievances 4 
Sweare to all we must, or else be thrust out as..excremen- 
titious burthens of the Church. 1683 D. A. Art Converse 
39, The very scum of the world, and... the very excremen- 
titious part of mankind. 

3. Pertaining to or arising from excrement. { Also 
(monce-use), Full of excrement, foul with ordure. 

1792 A. Younc Trav. Fr.160 When brisk mountain gales 
do not ventilate these excrementitious lanes. 1887 Q. Rev. 
7 Jan. 209 There is indeed reason to suspect the existence 
of such excrementitious pollution of the soil. 

Hence + Excrementi‘tiously adv., a. so far 
as the excrementitious portion is concerned; b. 
(nonce-use) nauseatingly, disgustingly. + Excre- 
menti-tiousness, excrementitious quality; in 
quot. concr. 

1638 T. Wuiraxer Blood of Grape 44 Cold and dry in 
temper, but excrementitiously moist. 1660 Fisner Rusticks 
Alarm Wks. (1679) 374 Men Excrementitiously exact and 
diligent to very Dotage. 1660 tr. Paracelsus’ Archidoxis 
ut. 81 On this wise are all the voidings of the excrementi- 
tiousness of the body. 

+ Excrementitious, 2.2 O/s. [f. assumed 
L. *excrémentict-us (£. excrément-um EXCREMENT?) 

+-ous. Cf. prec.] Consisting of, or of the nature 
of, an outgrowth, 

¢1645 Howetr Le?t. 1. xxx. 60 Hair is but an excremen- 
titious thing. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. ui. iv. 266 


These [feathers] are excrementitious, and not really parts 
of the Bird, 


387 


+ Excreme‘ntive, «. Ods. rare—'. [f. Ex- 
CREMENT! + -IvE.] Fitted to carry off or dis- 
charge excrement (from the body). 

1627-77 FertHam Resolves ui. lii. 262 It may, indeed, be 
thought a modesty in nature, to cover those excrementive 
parts, which, left uncover’d, perhaps might offer offence. 


+Excreme‘ntize, v. Os. rare—'. [f. Ex- 
CREMENT! + -1zE.] zztr. To void excrements. 

¢1670 Woop Life (1848) 135 Inflamed with strong liquors, 
they went into the balcony .. and excrementized in the 


street. 
+Excreme‘ntous, @.! Obs. rare. [f. L. ex- 


crément-um (see EXCREMENT!)+-ous.] Pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, ExcrEMENT!. 

1616 SurFt. & Marku. Country Farme 391 The common 
Nut hath power to drie..the excrementous moisture of all 
things whereuntoit isapplyed. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psexd. 
Ep. 1. vi. 95 The corrupt and excrementous humors in man 
are animated into lyce. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 

+ Excreme‘ntous, @.2 Ods. vare—'. [f. L. 
excrément-um (see EXCREMENT2) + -ous.] Per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, an outgrowth. 

1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 23 Pe. Which are the Mem- 
bers called excrementous? 0. The nailes and the haire. 

+ Excreme‘ntuous, 2. Ods. [f. Excrement! 
+-(U)ous.] Of the nature of excrement, refuse, or 
dregs ; = EXCREMENTITIOUS a.1 

1576 Baker Yewell of Health 4b, When therefore .. the 
grosser and excrementuous partes abyde in the bottome of 
the Lymbecke. 1616 Surri. & Maru. Country Farme 672 
Although the heronshew be a royall meate..his flesh is full 
of excrementuous parts. 

+ Excre’sce, excrea'se, s/. Ols. [f. next.] 
A growing out; in quots. cozcr. excess amount, 
increase. 

1707 Stewart /ude.x to Scots Acts 14 (Jam.) The excresce 
of the excise or the inland salt and forraign commodities, 
etc. 17..W. Fores Suppl. Dec. 56 (Jam.) There hap- 
pened in the coining sometimes an excresce on the tale, of 
five or six shillings or thereby, in one hundred pounds. 

+ Excre'sce, excrea'se, v. Ols. Also 6 Sc. 
excresse. [ad. L. excrésctve: cf. INCREASE.) dur. 
To grow out or forth; to constitute an excre- 
scence; to increase inordinately ; to exceed what 
is usual. 

1570 B. Gooce Pop. Kinugd. 11. (1880) 236 So hath this 
wretched kinde of men in little time excreast. 1588 A. Kinc 
tr. Canisius’ Catech. hvij, Quhilk [xi days] addit to yet 
3ere quhairin it excresseis makis y° same to exeid the com- 
mon 3ere of y° sone be 19 dayes. 1691 Ep. Taytor tr. Beh- 
men’s Theos. Philos.71 The Pores..so numerous in the 
Skin, thro’ which the Hairs excresce. 

Hence } Excrea'sing ///. a. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 2a, When a bone in any 
part, stretcheth forth his substance in excreasing maner. 
1671 True Nonconf. 145 How this excresing power should 
have crept into the whole Church. 

Excrescence (ekskre'séns). Also 6 excres- 
sence. [ad. L. excréscentia, f. excréscent-em: see 
EXCRESCENT and -ENCE. Cf. Fr. excrescence.] 

+1. The action of growing out or forth. Also, 
immoderate growth, overflow, abnormal increase. 

1533 BELLENDEN Livy v. (1822) 409 Thare gudis war mul- 
tiplyit be excrescence of the proffitt that thay have won. 
1615 CrookEe Body of Man 83 There is a double limit, be- 
yond which the excrescence of the Haire dooth not pro- 
ceede, 1649 SELDEN Laws Lug. 1. xl. (1739) 60 This Island 
.. became a common Sewer to the Excrescence of those 
Eastern peoples. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. ix. 225 
Our annual Winters correct the excrescence of Insects. 
1752 D. CampBe tt in Scots Mag.(1753) July 347/1 The said 
excrescence of the rents of that farm would..be accounted 
for to them. 

+b. = EFFLORESCENCE 4. Ods. 

1718 J. CHaMBERLAYNE Relig. Philos. III. xxvii. § 12 The 
Excrescence of Salt-Petre from old Walls made of Mortar 
and Stone. A 

e. Of a feeling, etc.: Exuberant outburst ; exu- 
berance. Now rare. In early use: + Overblown 
pride ; swagger. 

1629 in Biblioth. Regia 28 The insolence and excrescence 
of the Popish pretended clergy. 1648 Micton Odserv. Art. 
Peace Ss. (1858) 565 Of such like stuff we meet not any 
where with more excrescence then in his own lavish Pen. 
a@ 1667 Jer. Taytor (W.), Excrescences of joy. 1768 Joun- 
son Pref. to Shaks. in Wks. (1787) UX. 281 The exuberant 
excrescence of his diction I have often lopped. 1867 A. 
Barry Sir C. Barry vi. 232 The excrescences of that ardent 
desire for perfection. 

2. Something that grows out; a natural out- 
growth or appendage. Now somewhat rare. 

1633 T. Apams Z.xf, 2 Pet. ii. 20 Even these excrescences 
thairs] areornaments. 1664 Power Ex. Philos. 1. 8 Nature 
having imp’d her [Butterfly’s] wings..with these plumeous 
excrescences. 1782 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. 1. 38 Nor 
ever cutting their hair or nails to whatever length these 
excrescences may grow. 1849 Ruskin Sev’. Lamps vi. § 15. 
177 Their character of sublimity passes into excrescences ;— 
into mane and beard asinthe lion. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man 
IL. xii. 35 These horns consist of an excrescence of bone 
covered with a smooth sheath, 

Jig. @x68r Gianvitt Sern. on 1 Pet. i. 22 (1681) 122 
Shall we lose a Limb for an Excrescence, or..an Essential 
of Doge for that which is but accessary? 1755 YouNG Cex- 
taur Wks. 1757 IV. iv. 191 They are.mere excrescences to 
the good man’s happiness; and he has no more feeling in 
them than in his hair, or his nail. 1768-74 Tucker Lt, 
Nat.(1852) I. 42 Have we not motives for those excrescences 
of action? 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 253 The 
professor was an excrescence on the examination system. 


EXCRESCENT. 


8. An abnormal, morbid, or disfiguring out- 
growth; a disfiguring protuberance or swelling on 
an animal or vegetable body. 

1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xli. 61 Wartes, and such like 
excressence, or superfluous out growings. 1599 [see 
ALIENATE Zf/. a, 2), 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. 

oc., Excrescences .. warts or pieces of flesh. a 1682 
Sir T. Browne Tracts 60 This is no proper Berry, but a 
kind of Vessicular excrescence. 1713 CHESELDEN Anat. 1. 
i. (1726) 7 Bony excrescences upon the bones are frequent. 
1752 BERKELEY 7ar-Water Wks. 1871 III. 500 Tumours, 
wens, and preternatural excrescences. 1807 J. E. Smitu 
Phys. Bot. 346 Many of our Willows bear round excre- 
scences, as large as peas, on their leaves. 1844 Durron 
Deafness 97 Fungous excrescences [of the ear] may be re- 
moved either by the forceps or the knife. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1680 Butter Kem. (1759) I. 226 Pedantry is but.. A 
stupified Excrescence, like a Wen, Fed by the peccant 
Humours of learn’d Men. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 378 
A room. .from the upper part of which are dependent many 
excrescences. 1839 Murcuison Sz/ur. Syst. 1. xxxvi. 498 
An irregular excrescence from the main ridge of trap. 1871 
B. Taytor Faust (1875) I. 318 xote, The piece [Oberon and 
Titania’s golden wedding] can only be regarded as an ex- 
crescence. 

Excrescency (ckskre'sénsi). Also 6-7 -sy, 
-sie. [f. as prec. : see -ENCY.] 

1. Excrescent state or condition; the quality or 
fact of growing out or forth ; abnormal or exces- 
sive development; an instance of the same. +In 
early use also: An exuberant outburst, an extra- 
vagance, 

1638 Freattey Strict. Lyndom, 1. 12 The excrescensie 
and superabundance of Saints satisfactions. 1649 JER. 
Taytor Gt. E-xemp, Exhort. § 7 Some Saints have had 
excrescencies and eruptions of holiness in the instances 
of uncommanded duties. /dd. 1. ii. § 25 Our Fasts.. 
and all exteriour acts of religion are to be guided by our 
Superiour, if he sees cause to asswage any excrescencie. 
1650 BuLWER Anthropfomet. 172 The Deduction and Mo- 
deration of their [the Nails’] Excrescencie to a just exten- 
dure. @1661 Hotypay Yuvenal 14g An extraordinary 
excrescency of bones below..the rump bone. 1748 tr. Vege- 
tius’ Distemp. Horses 202 If there is an Excrescency of 
Flesh, you shall boil Grass with Oil and put it in it. 

+ 2. Something that is excrescent ; an outgrowth; 
= EXCRESCENCE 2, Often applied to fungi. Ods. 

1545 Raynoip Byrth Mankynde 146 Warts and suche lyke 
excrescensys on the face. 1597 Grrarp //erbal clxii. 1384 
The earthie excrescencies, called Mushrums. 1648 Huazt- 
ing of Fox 5 Pruned of their luxuriant excrescencies. 1646 
J. Hari Poems Pref., A Mushrome though but an excres- 
cency, well drest is no poyson, but a Salad. 1653-5 H. More 
Antid. Ath. u. xi. (1712) 73 The red pugger’d attire of the 
Turky, and the long Excrescency that hangs down over his 
Bill. 1704 Swirr Batt. Bhs. (1711) 246 Excrescencies in 
form of Teats. 1736 BaiLey, Axcrescency, that which 
sticks to or grows upon another thing, as cat’s tails upon a 
nut tree, etc. 

+3. An abnormal, morbid, or unsightly out- 
growth ;= EXCRESCENCE 3. Ods. 

1641 Mitton Reform. u. (1851) 43 A huge and monstrous 
Wen little lesse then the Head it selfe, growing to it by 
a narrower excrescency. 1691 Ray Creation (1701) u. 236 
A large Wen upon our Faces .. or any the like superfluous 
Excrescency. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1649 Mitton Zikon. xi. (1851) 424 Hee..would have onely 
the excrescencies of evil prun’d away for the present. @ 1677 
Barrow Sevm, Wks. 1716 I. 158 Oaths as they commonly 
pass are mere excrescensies of speech. 1713 Guardian No. 1 
» 5 Ambition, lust, envy, and revenge are excrescencies of 
the mind. 1756-82 J. Warton “ss. Pofe (1782) I. 11. 132 
The two last books of the Iliad may be thought not to be 
excrescencies but essential to the poem. 

Excrescent (ekskre‘sént), a Also 6 ex- 
eressent. [ad. L. excréscent-em, pr. pple. of ex- 
crescére: see EXCRESCE v.] 

1. +a. gen. That grows out. Const. frome (obs.). 
b. Bot. of a peduncle (see quot. 1857). 

1650 BuLwer Anthropomet. 172 The excrescent, super- 
crescent, and ever-crescent parts. 1677 Hate Priv. Orig. 
Man. ui. ii. 257 The first spontaneous production of Men.. 
was in certain Folliculi or Bladders, excrescent from the 
Earth. 1779 Projects in Nat. Hist. 107/2 They will wash 
this excrescent substance off. 1834-43 SoutHey Doctor 
(1862) 24 Matter will arise contingent to the story .. or ex- 
crescent from it. 1857 Henrrey Bot. § 139 Sometimes the 
peduncles undergo expansion during the ripening of the 
seeds, so asto form part of the fruit ; such an inflorescence 
or peduncle is called excrescent. 

2. +a. Growing in excess or beyond normal 
limits ; excessive (ods.). b. Growing abnormally 
out of something else ; constituting an excrescence ; 
redundant, superfluous. 

1633 T. Apams £-xf. 2 Peter ii. 13 We pare off such ex- 
crescent blemishes that the body may be perfect. | 1657 
Tomunson Renou’s Disp. 69 The virtue of chrysocal is. .to 
cohibit excrescent flesh. 1671 True teerit 153 Their 
Immediate successors are against your Prelatick excrescent 
power. x697 Potrer Antig. Greece Ww. x. (1715).248 She 
from the Fore-head of a new foal’d Colt Th’ excrescent 
Lump doth seek. 1732 Pore Zss. Man u. 49 Expunge the 
whole, or lop the excrescent parts [of Science]. 1886 F. 
Forp in Mag. of Art Nov. 8 There is an excrescent struc- 
ture of wood stuck on to the wall. 

3. Constituting an excess over the normal quantity. 
Formerly, sec. in Chronology. 

1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcel. xxvi.i. 456 note, The odde 
day which everie fourth yeare arising out of the six excres- 
cent howers in each-yeare, maketh the leape yeare, . @ 1654 

49-2 


EXCRESCENTIAL. 


Sevven Fortescue’s De Laud. Reg. (1672) 128 The foure 
excrescent Siero ke date meant, 
ore, at ted ed OF F geaty oy) enews 
1832 Si acy Pol. J the 
su} 


ooeh Hye 


Gram. Of a sound in a word: Having no 
etymological value, but developed by the influence 
euphony. 

1868 Key Philol. Essays ont Earanens Consonants. I 
have thought it desirable to for one [a new 
term] .. because the ordinary term ‘epenthesis’ seems to 
have been formed on a false theory. 188r Skeat Etym. 
De. Sv. ey The final d..is excrescent, just as in the 
vulgar gow) 

Te cisseaik tcdsauaive {tian 
créscenti-a (see EXCRESCENCE) + “aL.] Of the 
nature of an excrescence, redundant. 

Ruskin Sev. Lamps vi.§ 15. 177 Maneand beard as in 
the lion. .are..excrescential characters. a 1864 HAWTHORNE 
Eng. Note-bks. (1879) 11. 183 The vestry . . occupies 
excrescential edifice. 

Excrescentitious (ckskresénti-fas),@. rare—'. 
[badly f. Excrescent + -1T1I0U8; after adventitious.] 
the nature of an excrescence. 

1833 New Monthly Mag. XXXVIII. 189 This wart on 
the * great wen’ is as distinct and excrescentitious as if, etc. 
Excress, -ence, -ent, obs. ff. EXCRESCE, etc. 
+Excre’ssion. 00s. Also 7 excrescion, 
-sion. [A non-etymological formation (for Ex- 
CRETION) on L, excréscére. Cf. CONCRESSION.] An 

outgrowth ; = Excretion 2. 

1610 MarKHAM Master. 11. cxxix. 430 Such bones, knobs, 
or bunches, are called excresions. 1623-6 CockErAm, £-x- 
crescion, 
bony excression..upon any mem 
Spaven. 
ao hard knots on the outside, they are screws or excressions. 

1647 J. Lawninp Putney Projects 39 Those excres- 
oo of nature, the great Lawyers. 

| Excreta (ekskr7 ta). [Lat.; neut. pl. of pa. 
pple. of excernére: see EXCERN, EXcrETE.] Ex- 
creted matters ; the waste expelled from the animal 
body; now often limited to the feces and urine, 
or to the former only. 

1857 Livincstone 7rav. xxx. 614 The excreta had been 
expelled a full yard from the orifice. 1877 Ericusen Surg. 
- 8 The lungs and skin. .are unable to set free their excreta, 


+ of an Horse ; as Splint, 


1635 MarknaM Faithful Farrier (1638) 102 Any | 
1725 Braviey Fam. Dict. s.v. Rules, If there | 


388 


author (W. Marcet to call Excretine. 1889 Mor- 
LEY ati Wee est Chem. Ml. 530/1 Excretin 
Obtained ohiniee fresh excrements with 


baling slcobl and leaving the olution to stand for a 
— ce A SOS fresh excrements yielded 8 grams of 


“Excretion! (ekskri‘fan). [(? a. Fr. excrétion) 
excrétion-em, n. of action f. excérnére to 

of a separate: see EXCRETE.] 

The action or process of z 
1. Separation of animal ucts (chiefly, those 
useless for nutrition) from blood. 

se tS ed Quersit. phe 148 esencigg: So Ray Gre alee 
IL. ayy 115 ; The 


[Urine] is necessary for the preservation of Life. x Ar- 

BuTHNOT A liments 14 The common mapper meek of the Ex- 

cretion of the Bile being vitiated, are a yellowish Colour 

of the Skin ..a_loss of Ay ppetite, [etc.] Nbr 

Anat. V. 488/2 Calcareous Eregunent f by excretion. 
b. An analogous process in plants, 

1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids vi. 278 The secretion acts 
also..as an excretion. 1876 — Cross-Fertil. x. 403 The 
papel {of a sweet fluid) manifestly depends on changes 
in the sa 

e. Of the teeth: The (supposed) formation of 
the teeth by matter ‘excreted’ from the pulp. 
Hence attrib. in excretion-theory. 

1812 Cuvier Les Ossemens Fossiles, i 65 Les 

substances dont se com t les dents se forment toutes 
excrétion et par couc transl. (ed. 4, 1835) 198 Formed 
by excretion and by lay os a Nasmytu Research. Teeth 


He [Cuvier) holds ythat the different substances which | 


constitute the teeth are formed by excretion and in layers. 
1854 Owen Shel. & Teeth (1855) 292 The ‘excretion theory’ 
of dental development. 

2. The action of casting out of the body that 


| which has been aoc by any of the organs; 


1878 Huxvey Physio, mf 227 The smoke and ashes of the | 


animal are. .the fecal and urinary excreta. 

Excrete (ekskr7‘t), v.  [f. L. excré#- ppl. stem 
of excernére, f. ex- out + cernére to separate, sift. 
See Excern. ] 

1. ¢rans. Of animals and plants or their organs : 
To separate (chiefly waste matters) from the vital 
fluids preparatory to discharging from the system ; 
to separate and expel from the system through 
the emunctory organs ; often used with reference 
to the process of expulsion merely. 

1668 Phil. Trans. II. 890 Nature copiously excretes 
by the Reins. .a liquor .. compounded of Aqueous, Saline, 
Sulphury, and other particles, 1720 W. Gisson Diet. 
Horses wv. (ed. 3) 58 Things excreted and retained. 1802 
Pacey Nat, Theol. xix. (1803) 366 Slime excreted by the 
animal's skin. 1836 Topp Cyl Anat. I, 401/1 A sanguin- 
eous fluid is excreted from the bladder. 1859 Darwin a 
Spec. iv. (1873) 73 Certain plants excrete sweet juice. 1 
Havucuton Phys. Geog. iii. 79 Animals .. live by absorbing 
oxygen and excreting carbonic acid. 

+b. intr. for 6 with forth. 
1620 VENNER Via Recta (1650) 301 Vaporous fumes that 
excrete forth from the brain, 
ce. absol. (In quot. 1832 humorously for ¢ spit’.) 
“ Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 830 English ‘commercial 
gentlemen ’ excrete in spit-boxes. 1872 Huxtey Phys. i. 15 

The body feeds, and it excretes. 1881 Mivart Cat 232 
The lungs excrete. 

+2. Of drugs, etc., and of personal agents: To 
cause the excretion of. Also with Sorth, out. Obs. 

1620 Venner Via Rectan, 36 It .. maketh the body solu- 
ble, by excreting forth o yellow cholericke humors. 
Ibid. vii. 119 They loose the bell ys and excrete out choler, 
1651 Biccs New Disp, p 187 Adaquate meanes to excrete 
the catarrhous matter. 


Hence Exore'ted #//. a., sifted out and dis- | 


charged. Exere'ter, that which excretes or dis- 
charges. Excre‘ting vd/. sb. and 3 = 

1802 Pacey Nat. Theol. xiii.Wks. 1825 1 The nature 
and quality of theexcreted substance. 1844: Bea cone i 
Deposits (ed. 5) 449 ‘This remarkable critical increase in the 
excreted solids of the urine is observed. 
ston Exp. Agric. 32 Excreting is the final ee a 
_ by the odual te reference to its food, 1852-9 Topp 

nat. IV. 843/2 The skin is. .an active excreter of free 

vi ada acids. 1855 H. Srencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 

1. Vv. 92 The excreting structures of the skin. 

Excretes (ckskri'ts), sd. fl. rare—'. Angli- 
cized form of one 

1883 B. W. Ricnarpson Prevent. Med. vii, 281 The grand 
pa | for the nitrogenous excretes of the animal body. 

+ Excrestic, a Obs. rare—'. [f. L. excrét- 
after Gr, analogies: cf. eccritic.] f or pertain- 


iny to excretion, 
12 Enchir, Med. iii. 74 Panting..of the heart..is caused 
doth endeavour to ex- 


Som the Excreticke facultie, whi 
Also 9 -ine. 


clude that which is hurtfull. 
Ex (ekskri‘tin), Chem. 

[f. L. excrét- (see EXcrETE v.) )+-IN.] (See quots.) 
1854 Proc, Royal Soc. VU. 153 This crystalline sae the 


esp. evacuation of the bowels. 


1640 Evotomania 51 Excretion, or Retention. 1645 MiLton | 


Tetrach, (1851) 170 The fleshly act .. beeing at best but an 
animal excretion. 1658 RowLanp Moufet's 1 heat. Ins, 1122 
Children are continually provoked to excretion. 1732 Ar- 
suTHNoT Rules of Diet 274 What stimulates and promotes 
the Excretion of the Blood, ~~ Englishman's Mag. Oct. 
eu A common central aperture, t cr ys which the functions 
secretion and excretion are carried on. 

3. concr. That which is separated and ejected 
from the body. 

1630 Bratuwait Eng, Gentl. (1641) 60 None held it then 
a grace to have..the very excretions of beasts to sent them, 
a 1682 Sir T. Browne 7racts 113 In hawks and cormorants 
I have sometimes observed Bioady excretions. 1802 PALEY 
Nat. Theol. xix. (1803) 366 The aptness of this excretion 
{slime] to the purpose. 1842 Aspy Water Cure (1843) 21 
A_ slight yellow excretion, by which morbific matter is 
eliminated. 1872 Huxtey PAys. i. 3 Those products which 
are thrown out of the body, and are called excretions. 

+ Excre‘tion 2. Oés. [as if ad. L. *excrétion- 
em, n, of action f. excréscére to grow out or forth, 
f. ex- out + créscére to grow.] a. The action of 
growing out or forth. b. concer. Pcl that 
grows out (whether naturally or abnormally) in 
animals or plants ; = EXCREMENT?, EXCRESCENCE. 
Also fig. 

1612-5 Br. Hatt Contempl., O. T. x. v, [Samson] had 
ceased to be a Nazarite..not for the want of that excretion 
{his hair). 1687 77 FEvtHam Resolves u. xlv. 247 The ex- 
cretions of th F, grow but insensibly. 1633 T. Apams 
Exp. 2 Peter i. 16 From her .. shave and pare off .. those 
superfluous excretions of sin. 1725 Braptey Fam, Dict. 
Ss. V. v. Splint, The Cure of all Splints and boney Excretions. 

ro wbees mes! (ekskré‘fonari), a. [f. Excre- 
TION 1 + -ARY, f nat to, or of the nature 
of excretion. 

1872 Huxtey Phys. i. 16 These tetas nee are 
separated from the blood by the eT 

creti‘tious, a.! rare—'. [f. L. excret- ppl. 
stem of excernére: see Excretion! and -rrtous. 
Of the nature of excreta; = EXCREMENTITIOUS a. 

1865 in Circ. Sc., Uric acid, with other excretitious 
matters. 

Excreti‘tious, 2.2 rare. [f. L. excrét- ppl. 
stem of excréscéve; see ExoreTION ? and -1T10U8.] 
Of the nature of an outgrowth. 

1820-7 Bentuam Ws. ( a II. 82 An excretitious suit is 
a suit which has grown out of a former one. /6id. VI. 379 
This excretitious crime. 


cretive (ekskri‘tiv), a. [f. L. excrét- (see 


1 = * : 
J. F. Jouy- | EXCRETE v.) + -IVE, repr. L. type *excrétivus.] 


Having the power or function of excreting or pro- 


moting excretion. 

1666 G, Harvey Moré. Angi. 15 Some. .fault in the Ex- 
cretive faculty of the parts. 1673 Lister in Phil. Trans, 
VIII. 6062 Excretive glanduls. 1707 Curios. in Hush. & 
pong 240 Ithasa ee SEC expulsive Faculty. 

sH ; and in mod, D; 


(ekskritglik), a. Chem. 
excretole'ic. [f. ExcrEt-1n +-oL (see CARBOLIC) | 
+-Ic.] In Excretolic acid, ‘a fatty acid, ob- 


EXCRUCIATING. 
1. Having the eninge of excreting ; pertaining 


to or connected with process of excretion. 


pice aed Pacers either in an 
animal or p! the excretion to the sur- 
Gor ss the linc, cr nema 
cavity, as the bile duct. 

268: tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Voc. 1684 Bovie 
ee Anim, & Solid Bod. iti. 11 The Orifices of small 

1708 ag mag Secretion 131 The 

off th the Pores or Excretory Ducts 
‘opp Cycl, Sanat. IIL. 315/t _ 
Woopwarp Mollusca 1. 167 Re- 
orifices, Fortn. Rev. Feb. 

active. 


Water 
of the 
spiratory and 

ex 
iy the pac eny med = 
= ‘an ae nature of excreta. 
ELL Gegenbauer’s C Anat. Gaseous ex- 
oa <inineaed baneiae hac for the 


cretory matters are eliminated 
Tes 
ged rem excretory vessel or duct. 


1715, Cueyne Philos. Princ. Relig. 1. 134 The other Ex- 
cretories of the Body. 174: Monro — (ed. 3) 57 a 
can squeeze out of their Excretories a 

1805, ~ SAUNDERS Min. Waters 5 The morbid saline parts 
[are] carried off by the excretories. 
be, var. form of Exscrise. 

+Excri‘minate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. ex- 
out (see Ex- pref: 1) + crimin- stem of crimen 
accusation, eee +-ATE3.] ¢rans. To clear 
from an imputation; to shift an imputation from 
“ee Na upon (another) ; ; in quot. 7g 

Marvett Corr. xxix. Wks. 1872-5 L 7, I Bas 
any blame then to..excriminate my sel 
cog any one of you. 1796 CoLeripce Watchman 92 Te 
excriminate themselves in the opinion of public. 
ble (ekskri# 7yiab'l 1), @. Ted. L. ex- 
cructabilis, £. excrucia@re: see EXCRUCIATE v. and 
-ABLE.] Capable of being tormented ; liable, sub- 
ject to, or deserving of torture. 

1731-6 Battey (folio), Excruciadle, worthy to be tormented. 
1831 Hose in Blackw. Mag. XX1X. 916 The greedy heart 
On which the gnawing worm of avarice Preyed..straining 
~ sense To that excruciable and yearning core. 

cru'ciament. Oés. rare—*. [as if ad. 
i *excruciament-um, f. excruciare: see Excru- 
CIATE v.] = EXcRUcIATION. 
ant? NaAsHE —_ Stuffe 65 To this wild of sorrowes 
—. - eptited zs fe ae AOS, 
thorn or sharp pricking dog- etc. 

+ Exeru’ ciate, ppl. a. Obs. [ad. L. excruciat- 
us, pa. pple. of excruciare : see next.] @. = Ex- 
CRUCIATED Af/.a. ib. = EXcRUCIATING ff/. a. 

a1615 Beaumont & fsa (W.), Would she sit thus 
then excruciate? 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. vil. 398 Med heart, 
long time excruciate, Amongst the leaves I rested all that 

J. Ross Fratricide (MS.) u. 620 Excruciate 


night. 
| po Sev'd ca our Father's frame. 


Also | 


tained by Marcet from the alcoholic extract of | 


cameen excrements’ (Watts Dict. Chem.). 
A. Fut Physiol. Man u. 399 The substance 
call excretoleic is very indefinite in its 
and properties. 1878 Kinczerr Anint. Chem. 8 
Ex (ekskritari, e-kskr7tari), re and sb. 


Cf. 


Phys. [f. L. excrét- (see EXCRETE v.) + -ORY, 
Fr. excrétoire.] A. adj. 


Excruciate (ekskri7‘fijcit), v. Also 7 excru- 
ciat, -tiat(e. [f. L. excruciat- ppl. stem of ex- 
cructare, f, ex- intensive (see Ex- pref 2) + cruct- 
are to torment, f. cruc-em cross. 

1. ta. Ut. To subject to torture, put on the rack, 
etc.; fig. to ‘rack’ (one’s brains) (0ds.)._b. transf, 
To cause intense pain to, torment acutely (a per- 
son’s senses). O| Be er 

1570 Levins Manip. 4 Excruciate, excruciare. 1§93 
Nasne Christ's 7. 643) 154 They..by pining and excru- 
ciating their bodies, liue in Hell here here on earth, to nea the 
hell neuer ending. 1593 — Four Lett. Confut. 56 You 
shall not excruciate your braine to be conceited we haue 
no wit. 1623 Cockeram in, Peril/us..invented a 
Bull. .made redhot to torment and excruciate malefactors. 
1717 Buttock Wom. a Riddle. i, oi convulsions seize and 
optick nerves. 


wont, .to excruciate the 

2. fig. To torture mentally, inflict extreme ata 

ish upon, 

1586 ee paced ust Pt. Tamburi. 1. i, This .. doth excru- 
ciate The very substance of my vexed soul. 1621 Markuam 
Countr. Content, 1, xi. (1668) 6x He must.. vex nor 
excruciate himself with losses or 1655-60 
po el Hist. Philos, (1701) tone oe neither blunts his 
a mind, nor jira it with cares, ape Idler 

Oo. Pr a Sete that talks lon; foneac ¢ 

hear, he wit comp that he has been excruciated with 
4 Froupe Casar xxvi. 445 He 
described tamer: as excruciated with anxiety. 

absol. CHARLETON ~ yo & Cimm, Matrons u. (1668) 
44 Their are infested with such calamities, that they 
excruciate. 

mene mena dest 1% 


. a., tormented, tortured. 
Minstrel (1 ge ¢ heart ! 


hind! excruciated 
ekskrif-fiyettin), ppl. a [f. 

prec. + -1NG *.] hat excruciates or causes ex- 

treme pain - omar ag whether boty or mental ; 


aie Const. fo. 
eet XX. ak ae fear 
Wis. (cl Gf tris A pny cancer in his “thee, by 
cers stat ena and 
Eero a, shop  Tavson Fanat. vi. 179 
1860 TYNDALL. Glac. '. spray Saleen or rca 
b. ipperbolcaly \ amare 
i819 MPBELL Sj ; Seb: fae Poets uy. ae He Covey ata 
eae ee Tee Taek Seniesa eas 


a 


EXCRUCIATINGLY. 


that were excruciating to an author's ears. 1865 Miss 
Bravvon Only a Clod i. 6 If there’s one thing in the world 
that’s more excruciating than another, it’s that fellow’s 
cheerfulness. 1876 M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 26 An excru- 
ciating chorus having been performed. 

crucia’ ly (ekskrfijeitinli), adv. [f. 
prec. + -LY2.] ‘o an excruciating degree; in 
an extremely painful manner. Often hyferbolically 
in humorous use. 

1808 Ann. Reg. 1806, 878 His sarcasm was. .excruciatingly 
severe, 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xxxiv, Why is she so 
excruciatingly beautiful? 186x Bumsteap Ven. Dis. (1879) 
182 Emissions. . which are excruciatingly painful. 1865 Miss 
Brappon Sir Yasper xxxiii, A negro melody of an excru- 
ciatingly lively character. 

Excruciation (ekskré:si,zi‘fan). [ad. L. ex- 
cructation-em, n. of action f. excructare: see Ex- 
CRUCIATE v.] The action of causing or the state 
of suffering extreme pain ; an instance of this. 

1618 T. Gainsrorp Hist. P. Warbeck in Select. Hard. 
Misc. (1793) 61 After she had lived a while in. .excruciation 
both ofsouland body. 1627-77 FectHam Resolves u. lvii.(T.), 
‘The thwartings, and the excruciations of life. 1646 GaULE 
Cases Consc, 191 Can his excruciation be a sufficient cause 
for our execution? 1885 G. Merepitx Diana II, i. 5 The 
doom of men to excruciation in endlessness. 

Excruciator (ekskri‘fijeiter). rave. [ad. L. 
excructator, agent-n. f. excruciare to EXCRUCIATE.] 
One who excruciates ; a tormentor. 

1864 Realm 20 Apr. 8 Signor Sivori .. turned round upon 
his excruciators, and stamped most furiously. 

Excrustation (ekskrostéi-fan), rare. [ad. 
med.L. excrustation-em f. excrustare, f. ex- (see Ex- 
pref) + crusta Crust, covering.] The stripping a 
book of its covering of precious metal. 

i Maittanp Dark Ages Ess. xiik 218 Charity and 
need, as well as cupidity were likely to produce what was 
then termed exrcrustation, and to risk .. the destruction of 
the manuscript. [Maitland refers in footnote to Vit. Add- 
helmi, Die uno xii textus Evangeliorum. .et auro nudata et 
excrustata sunt.] 

Excubant (ekskizbant), a rare ( pedantic). 
[ad. L. excubant-em, pr. pple. of excudbdre to lie on 
guard, f. ex- out + cudbdre to lie down.] Keeping 
watch. 

1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle xviii. 186 The enemy 
pag he still excubant ; and we had better not disperse till 

aylight. 

+ Excuba‘tion. Ods.—° [ad. L. excubation-em, 
n. of action f. excubdre: see prec.] The action 
of watching or of keeping guard. 

1623 in CockERAM; 1721-1800 in BalLey. 3 

+ Excu'bitor. Obs. rare-'. [a. L. excubitor 
watchman, agent-n. f. exceudare: see EXCUBANT @.] 
A watchman, sentinel. 

1775 G. Wuite in Phil, Trans. LXV. 261 The swallow. .is 
the excubitor to the house-martins .. announcing the ap- 
proach of birds of prey. 

E-xcudate, v. rare. [badly f. L. excitd-cve (see 
next) + -ATE3.] ¢rams. = next. 

1831 Fraser's Mag. III. 748 The world would have need 
of consolation, should a single sentence excudated in such 
a smiddy peradventure escape record. 

+ Excucde, v. Ods.—° [ad. L. exciid-cre, f. ex- 
out + cédére to strike, beat.] ¢rans. ‘To beat or 
strike out; to find out with study’ (Blount G/os- 
sogr. 1674). 1775 in Asn. 

+ Excuw'leate, v. Obs—° [f. L. exculcat- ppl. 
stem of exculcd-re, f. ex- (see Ex- pref-!) + calca-re : 
see CALOATE.] ¢vans. To tread or trample out. 

1656-81 in Buount Glossogr. 1721-61 in Battery. 

Hence Exculea‘tion, the action of treading out. 

1730-6 in Bartey (folio); 1775 in Asx. 

culp, var. of ExscuLp v. Obs. 

Exculpable (eksko'lpab’l), a. vare. [f. Ex- 
CULP-ATE Vv. + con apable of being excul- 
pated or freed from blame or accusation. 

1646 Buck Rich. ///, 11. Contents, How the Sonnes of 
King Edward came by their deaths: King Richard Excul- 
pable thereof. Hence 1827 in Topp ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Exculpate (eksko'lpet), Ap. a. [f. next : see 
2 9 . 

-ATE *.} Declared guiltless; free from blame. 

1814 Cary Dante (Chandos) 227 These spirits stood excul- 
pate. 31830 W. Puitups M/¢. Sinai 1v. 163 Casting on his 
peers The burden of their mutual sin, Himself exculpate. 

Exculpate (eksk#lpeit, eksks'lpeit), v. [f. 
Ex- pref. +'L, culp-a blame + -aTE3. Cf. It. 
scolpare, med.L, *exculpare implied in exculpatio 
(Du Cange).] : 

1. trans. To free from blame; to declare free 
from guilt; to clear frome an accusation or blame. 

Fo oa [see rb]. 1721 in Bamey. 1 Lowtu Life 
Wykeham v.156 Men who had been. .punished in the par- 
liament of 1376, and who had gotten themselves exculpated 
in the succeeding parliament. 1 James Brigand xx, She 
exculpates me from blame in this matter. 1850 Grote 
Greece u. \xii, The latter stood exculpated on both charges. 

veft. 1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (J.), A good child will not 
seek to exculpate herself at the expence of the most revered 
characters. 1809-10 CotertnGE Friend (1865) 110 From 
this Cyt of inconsistency I shall best exculpate myself 
by the full statement of the third system. 1863 Mrs. Ott- 

PHANT Salem Ch. iv, 63 Poor Vincent made clany effort 
to exculpate himself from the soft impeachment. 

+b. intr. for refl. Obs. rare. 


1656-8 BLount Glossogr., Exculpate, to cleer ones self of | 


389 


a fault. 1780 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 315 To be over earnest 
in endeavours to exculpate, previous to accusation, would 
imply [etc.]. +783 — Rep. Affairs India Wks. X1. 326 
Doubts whether the refusal to exculpate by oath can be 
used. .to infer any presumption of guilt. 

2. Of things: +a. To serve as an excuse for; 
to justify. Obs. rare. b. To furnish ground for 
exculpating. Const. from. 

1706 Puitvips (ed. Kersey) s. v., Good meaning will never 
exculpate blind and Superstitious Devotion. 1783 Burke 
Rep. Affairs India Wks. XI. 132 Evidence, which may 
tend to criminate, or exculpate, every person. 1875 FARRAR 
Seekers 1. vi. 83 The tenor of his life has sufficient weight to 
exculpate him from an unsupported accusation, 

Exculpation (eksklpétfon). [f. prec. vb. : 
see -ATION.] The action of exculpating or clear- 
ing from blame, or from an alleged crime; an in- 
stance of this; a ground or means of exculpating ; 
an excuse or a vindication. 

@1715 Burnet Own Time an. 1684 (R.) In Scotland the 
law allows of an exculpation, by which the prisoner is suf- 
fered before his trial to prove the thing to be impossible. 
1751 SMottetr Per. Pic. (1779) I. xviii. 159 She maintained 
a sort of ceremonious distance, which she thought requisite 
. for her own exculpation. 1752 J. Lournian orm of Pro- 
cess (ed. 2) 100 To bear .. Witnessing .. anent the said Com- 
plainer’s Innocence and Exculpation of the Crime libelled 
against him. 1788 Reip Act. Powers 1v. vi. 619 The mad- 
ness of a short fit of passion..is incapable of proof; and 
therefore is not admitted in human tribunals as an exculpa- 
tion, 1828 Scorr /. MW. Perth xxx, Ramorny did not 
attempt an exculpation. 1873 Symonps Gr&. Poets viii. 238 
Without seeking to offer any exculpation for what offends 
us in the moral sensibilities of the Greeks, 

b. Letters of exculpation (in Sc. Law): a war- 
rant issued to a defender in a criminal prosecution 
for citing witnesses in his defence. 

1773 Erskine /ustit. Law Scotd. (1838) 1v. v. 1123 Letters 
of exculpation are granted of course, at the suit of a defender 
in a criminal trial, for citing witnesses, etc. 1861 in W. 
Bex Dict. Law Scott. 354/2. : 

Exculpative (eksku'lpativ), @ rare—'. [f. 
EXcULPATE v.: see -ATIVE.] Intended to excul- 
pate. 

1827 Bentuam Ration, Evid. Wks. (1843) VI. 155 In 
England, scarcely any crime is so common as that of excul- 
pative perjury. 

Exculpatory (ekskzlpataii), a. [f. as prec. 
+-oRY.] Of statements, evidence, etc. : Adapted 
or intended to clear from blame or a charge of 
guilt ; apologetic, vindicatory. Const. of. 

1779-81 Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 58 He wrote an 
exculpatory letter to the Duke. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 
IIT. 1v. vii, Witnesses.. exculpatory, inculpatory. 1846 
Grote Greece 1. iii. (1862) 1. 67 Two exculpatory pleas. 1848 
Blackw. Mag. UXIII. 594 The statement ..is not, how- 
ever, altogether so exculpatory of the French. 

Excur (eks,ki-1), v. rare. Also 7 excurre. 
[ad. L. excus-réve, f. ex- out + curréere to run.] 

+1. gtr. To go out of or beyond the ordinary 
or proper course or path; to digress; to go to an 
extreme. Ods. 

1656 M. Casauson Enthus. iii, 80 Beyond which not to 
excurre..is my chiefest care. 1669 FLAMSTEED in Rigaud 
Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 85 Thus far..this heat for the 
concerns of science hath caused me to excur. 1672 G. Har- 
vey Morb, Angi. (ed. 2) 47 His Disease was..an Asthma, 
oft excurring to an Orthopneea. 

2. U.S. (See quot.) 

1850 Nat. Encyct. 1. 619 [Americanisms :] Zxcur, used 
as a verb in the sense of to take an excursion. 

+ Excwrriate, v. Ods.—° [f. L. excitriat- ppl. 
stem of excitridre to eject from the curia, f. ex- out 
+ ciirta the senate-house.] ‘To throw out of the 
Court’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-81). 

Hence Excuria‘tion. : 

1692-1732 CoLes, Excuriate. 1658 Puitiips, Excuriation. 

Excu'rrency. vare—1. [f. L. excurrent-em: 
see next and -ENCy.] A digression. 

1650 B. Discolliminium 14, 1 shall make bold to speak a 
word to them all, though I make a little excurrency. 

Excurrent (ekskwrént), a [ad. L. excurrent- 
em, pr pple. of excurrére: see Excur. 

1. That runs out or forth. Of arterial blood: 
That flows from the heart. 

1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. xxxii. (1828) II. 293 The ex- 
current (or arterial) stream took its course along the inner 
margin. Jéid. xxxix. 1V. 92 In the excurrent part of its 
course. 1887 W. J. Sortas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 413/1 
s. v. Sponges, The insoluble residue. .is carried out through 
the oscule by the excurrent water. A 

+ 2. Passing beyond bounds or limits ; overflow- 
ing, bg: kar acre (in quot. fig.). Obs. rare—'. 

1 IMME are 1. iv. 12 Restraining a matter ex- 
current, within bondes and limits. 

3. Admitting of or affording an exit, 

1854 Woopwarp Mollusca (1856) 277 Fig. 185..showing 
the relative extent of the liver and ovarium..e, excurrent 
orifice. 1887 W. J.Sottas in Aucycl. Brit. XXII. 414/2 s.v. 


J 
| Sponges, In higher forms of sponges the chambers cease to 
hig! 


bruptly into the excurrent es 

4. Bot. a. (See quot. 1835.) b. Projecting be- 
yond the tip or margin, as when the midrib of 
a. leaf is continued beyond the apex. 

@. 1835 LinpLey /utrod. Bot, (1848) II. 362 Excurrent ; 
in which the axis remains always in the centre, all the other 
parts being regularly disposed round it; as the stem of 
abies, 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 3. 40 


open al 


EXCURSION. 


b. 1847 in Craic. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 375 Horned 
Pond-weed. .Stamen 1..connective excurrent. 1882 Gard. 
Chron. XVIII. 70 Excurrent at the apex. 

+ Excu'rse, sb. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. excurs-us : 
see Excursus.] An outrush, raid, hostile sally. 

1586 J. Hooxer Girald. [red. in Holinshed 11. 15/1, 1 am 
to require thee that thou doo retire and withdraw these 
excurses of strangers. 

Excurse (ckskius), v. [f. L. excurs- ppl. 
stem of excurrére: see Excur.] 

1. intr. To run off, wander, digress. Chiefly fig. 

1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) II. x. 71 How I ex- 
curse! Yet thou usedst to say, thou likedst my excursions. 
1887 Sat, Rev. 17 Sept. 403 The text excurses in Mr. 
Carroll’s usual style about babies and cakes. 18g9r Miss 
Dowte Girl in Karp. 239 At first I excursed in various 
directions thinking to light upon a track. 

2. To make, or go upon, an excursion. 

1775 Sterne’s Sent. Journ. Contd., Tilt of Arms 177 Who 
can dispute a Parisian’s word, who never has excursed 
beyond the gates? 1820 Knox & Jess Corr. II. 440, I.. 
am to excurse ten miles, on the Dover road. 1841 Carn 
Fox Mem. Old Friends 7 Aug., When the Franklins.. 
were excursing in Ireland, they went through some diffi- 
cult pass. 

3. trans. ‘To journey or pass through’ (Web- 
ster 1864). 

@ 1859 HALLAM is cited by Worcester (1860). 

Excursion (ekskisfon). [ad. L. excurs¢on-em, 
n, of action f. excurrére to run out: see Excur. 
Cf. F. excursion.} 

+1. The action of running out; escape from 
confinement ; ‘ progression beyond fixed limits’ 
(J.) 3 running to extremes ; an instance thereof. 

1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Fortune u. Ep. Ded. 153 b, 
What roaring of flooddes, what excursion of riuers. 1654 
H. L’Estrance Chas. J. (1655) 4 Nor is it any excursion 
beyond the precincts of verity to say, that [etc.]. 1729 
SHELVOCKE Artillery 1v. 266 These round boards—prevent 
the Excursion of the least Atom of the Moving Power. .till 
the Projectile is departed. 1732 Ray Dissol. World 1. iii. 
(ed. 4) 44 Stop and inhibit their (the winds’] excursions. 
1733 Axsutunor Ess. Air iv. 87 Those great Excursions of 
the Seasons into the Extremes of Cold and Heat. 

b. ¢ransf. The fact or state of ‘running out’ or 
projecting in any direction (vare). Hence for- 
merly +concr.: Something that runs out or projects; 
an extension, projecting addition (of a building) ; 
an offshoot, branch, projection (of land, moun- 
tains, etc.). 

1622-62 Hryuin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 33 Of this large Moun- 
tain most of the Hills..are but the excursions. 1655 FULLER 
Ch, Hist, vi. vi. § 18 Countrey Churches .. wherein such 
excursions of building as present themselves beyond the old 
fabrick..were since erected. @ 1682 Six ‘T. Browne Tracts 
1gt An excursion of land shooting out directly. 1852 Sir 
W. Hamitton Discuss. App. i. 620 Quantity is marked by 
the relative length of a terminal line within, or its indefinite 
excursion before, the limit of comparison, 

Jig. a 1626 Bacon War Spain in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 
133 The ravishing whereof was a mere excursion of the first 
wrong, and a superinjustice. _ . 

+2. fig. An outburst (of feeling); a sally (of 
wit); an overstepping of the bounds of propriety 
or custom, a freak; vagary, escapade. Ods. 

1662 H. More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. (1712) 22 Which 
was no inconsiderate excursion of a juvenile fervour in him, 
but a permanent faithfulness .. of Spirit. 1680 Burnet 
Rochester (1692) 124, I have not enlarged on all the Excur- 
sions of his wit. 170x Swirr Contests Nobles §& Com. Wks. 
1755 II. 1. 21 Alcibiades, having been formerly noted for the 
like frolicks and excursions, was immediately accused of 
this. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 34 ? 4, I think your Raillery 
has made too great an Excursion, in attacking several Per- 
sons of the Inns of Court. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. i. 
15 This indeed was. .an excursion of his spirits. 1785 Cow- 
PER Tiroc. 228 His wild excursions, window-breaking feats 
.-are made their favourite themes. 1793 Burke Cond. Mi- 
nority Wks. 1842. I. 612 His friends saw no security. .after 
this excursion of his, but in the re-union of the party. 

+3. AZ/, An issuing forth against an enemy ; 


a sally, sortie, raid. Ods. 

1577-87 HotinsHED Chron, I. 43/2 Trenches that you have 
made for your oune defense, to keepe off their excursions. 
1603 Knoites Hist. Turks (1621) 1230 The Turks..were 
determined yet to make a great excursion for the spoiling 
of the countrey. 1665 Maney Grotius' Low C. Warres 637 
Placing Forts and Guards along the River, to. .repress any 
Excursions from Fort Andrew. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 
3756/13 The Germans make Excursions beyond the Adda 
.-to fetch in Forage. : 

4. A journey, expedition, or ramble from one’s 
home, or from any place with the intention of 


returning to it. ; 

1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 42 Many little Excursions that 
I made. .in these 1743 Berketey Let. 29 Oct. Wks. 
IV. 289 My health. . suffers me to make no excursions farther 
thana mile ortwo. @ 1788 N. Corton Fire-side iv, Giving her 
vain excursions o’er, The disappointed bird [Noah’s dove] 
once more Explor’d the sacred bark. 1816 J. Situ Pano- 
rama Sc. & Art Il. 159 The longest aéronautic excursion 
ever taken was by Blanchard. 1823 Z; D. Hunter Cap- 
tivity N. Amer. 124, I started..on a hunting and trading 
excursion. 1860 TyNDALL Glac, 1. vii, 47, 1 made a long 
excursion up the glacier. 

1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sci. xiv, 8x The excursions of our rov- 
ing phancies which cannot be kept to a close attendance. 
_ Swirt 7. 7ué Author's Apol., It is the frequent error 
of those men. .to make Excursions beyond their talent and 
their office. 1764 Rep /uguiry vii. 211 Many authors have 
made excursions into this vast territory. 1888 Bryce Amer, 


EXCURSIONIST. 


Commu. 1, ii. 21 The only excursion ii istorical 
Geena sable chalk note te gam thames ix pace 

ce. transf. in Physics, etc.: One of the individual 
movements executed by any body or particle in 
oscillating or alternating motion; the distance 
traversed in such a movement. 
che the ox in Phi?, Trans. XC. 136 In the middle of the 
1878 


the excursions on each side the axis are always 
uxLey Physiogr. 171 The particles th per- 


390 
Blackw. Mag. XXU. i head-quarters 
ag. 555 Seg gt -q\ 


in .. Inverleithen, and ex hole country- 
side, 1861 Sat. Peace XII. 489/1 This perverse Soon at 
a ilding. 
2. intr. To make, or go on, an excursion or 
excursions, 
1866 Pall Mall G. 27 Aug. 5 Most of the British Asso- 
i le went out jonizi: S. d 


ciation peop ng on y 1881 
Miss Brapvon Asfh. I]. 220 Edgar and Daphne had ex- 


form very small excursions, merely vibrating up and down. 
1879 G. Prescorr Sf. Telephone 16 The excursions of the 
plunger rod vary with the amplitude of the several vibra- 


ised a little upon the nearest hillsides. 
Hence Excw'rsioni:zing v/. sd. 
1881 Miss Brappon Asfh. xxix, 328 There was more ex- 


tions made by the diaphragm to which it is attached 

5. sec. A journey or ‘trip’ undertaken for the 
sake of pleasure or health. In recent use often: 
A pleasure-trip taken by a number of persons; 
occas. short for excursion-party or excursion train. 

1779 Cowrer Lett. July Wks. (1876) 38 It was an excur- 
sion of pleasure to go to see ate. 1832 G. Downes 
Lett. Cont. Countries 1. 297 We yesterday a delightful 
excursion on the lake. , 

6. Deviation from a definite path or course. 

. @. in physical sense. Now only Astron. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 1307 The defect of the 
Moone and her occultation, be as it were the excursions, 
deviations out of course. 1727 Swirt Desire & Possess. 
Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 82 He strove to pick up all he found, And 
by Excursions lost his Ground. 1732 Ray Dissol. World 1. 


v. (ed. 4) 374 The Excursions of these last [the Comets] do | 


argue it more than possible that..the Sun..may quite lose 
his light. 1833 Herscuet Astron. ix. 288 The excursions 
of the earth on either side of the ellipse, are so very small 
as to be ag appreciable. 

+b. A deviation from custom, rule, or pro- 
priety. Cf. 2. Obs. 

1615 CrooKe Body of Man 299 Monsters Aristotle calleth 
Excursions and Digressions of Nature. 1 FELTHAM 
Resolves 38 A Watch, to observe thy fails, and thy excur- 
sions. a1656 Br. Hatt Life Rem. Wks. (1660) 11 Finding 
that. .somewhat out of my way, not without a secret blame 
of my self for so much excursion, I fairly gave up that task. 
a1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 109 On ev'ry 
Sense he kept strict jealous Eyes, Ready the least Excur- 
sion to chastise. 1769 Sir J. RevNotps Disc, ii. (1884) 18 A 
Student. .is always apt..to mistake the most trifling excur- 
sions for discoveries of moment. 

+c. A deviation from the direct course in argu- 
ment or discourse ; ‘ramble from a subject’ (J.) ; 
a digression. Ods. 

1574 Wuitcirt Def Axsw. ii. Wks. 1851 I. 208 It is an 
argument that you lack good matter, when you make such 
excursions from the purpose. 1670 Baxter Cure Ch. Div. 
259 Pardon this long excursion on this subject. 1684 Eart 
Roscom. Ess. Transl. Verse 215 Excursions are inexpiabl 
bad, And ’tis much safer to leave out, then add. c17z20 W. 
Gisson Farriers Dispens. vii. (1734) 167 We shall take the 
liberty of a short Excursion, to put this matter yet into a 
better light. 1823 Lams £/ia Ser. 1. xi. (1865) 89 You 
cannot make excursions with him .. for he sets you right 
[in conversation]. 

7. attrib. (sense 5), as in excursion-train, a 
train intended to convey persons making a pleasure 
excursion, usually at reduced fares ; also excursion- 
agent, -fare, -party, -ticket. 

1850 THACKERAY in Scrién. Mag. 1.688/2, I should like to 
come..by the Excursion train. 1866 R. M. BAaLLANtyNE 
Shift. Winds xxiv, It chanced to be an excursion day, and 
several. .were besieging the ticket-windows. 1870 Dickens 
E. Drood ii, To Chet Verger and Showman, was accus- 
tomed to be high with excursion parties. — F. S. Wit- 
uiams Midd. Railw. 626 The exceptional colours [tickets] 
are for excursion trains. 

Hence Excursion v., zz/r. to make or go on 
an excursion. Exeu‘rsional a., of or pertaining 
to an excursion. Excu'rsionary a., of the nature 
of an excursion ; of a person, going on an excur- 
sion. ‘ Excu‘rsioner = EXcURSIONIST. Ex-< 
cw'rsionism, the custom or practice of making 


or organizing excursions. 

1792 Mav. D’ArsLay Die’ hea V. 283 You have been ex- 
cufsioning and travelling alf the world o’er since I saw you 
last. 1825 Lamain Talfourd Life § Lett. xv. 142 Yesterday 
I excursioned twenty miles. 1885 Daily News 6 Oct. 5 The 
members of the Church Con; are not much given to ex- 
cursioning. 1848 Dickens Let. 22 July, Pray let me divide 
the little excursional excesses of the journey among the 
gentlemen. bed Garrick's 4 53, I conclude .. my 
excursionary Trip from London to Stratford. 1858 Mayne 
Rew in Chamb. F¥rni. 1X. 77 Was it... the excursionary 
belles from a Ba came to visit us? 1786 Map. 
D’Arsiay Diary IIL. 111 The Royal excursioners did not 
return between six_and seven o'clock. 1886 Gotpw. 
Smrrn in Macm. Mag. Oct. 406 Excursionism, which began 
with the Exhibition of 1851, now assumed immense pro- 
portions. 


Excursionist (ekski-sfanist). [f. prec. + -187.] 

1. One who goes upon a (pleasure) excursion ; 
one who travels by an excursion-train. 

1830 Lams Left, xvii, 164 The excursionists reached home 


+. a little after four. 3851 W. Cottins Rambles beyond 


Railw, ix. (1852) 183 A pany of exc from a 
remote inland district of the county. 1861 Times 10 July, 
A large of excursionists left Crewe ior Trenton punk, 
2. collog. One whose business it is to arrange 
means for travelling on pleasure excursions; an 
excursion-agent. 

macy nine (eksk#-afanaiz), v. [f. as prec. 
+ -IZE. 

1. ¢rans. To make excursions to or about (a dis- 
trict, etc.). rare. 


next day, Z 

Excursive (ekskissiv), a. [f. L. excurs- ppl. 
stem of excurrére (see EXcuR) + -IVE; very com- 
mon in 18th c.] 

1. a. Of the nature of an excursion; consisting 
of excursions or sallies (ods. in literal sense). b. 
Of reading, etc. : Desultory ; varied in direction. 

1673 Ray Yourn. Low C., Montpellier 463 From Mont- 
pellier we made an excursive v ¢ into Provence. 1 
Power Pros. Numbers 54 Excursive Flights .. pol 
those who have dealt much in Verse. 1799 S. Turner 
Anglo-Sax. 1. tv. viii. 321 They made excursive ravages 
over the adjacent country. 1816 Kirsy & Spr. Entomol. 
xxiii. (1828) II. 352 Then resumes its gay excursive flights. 
1836 W. Irvine Astoria II. 60 We are wandering. .into ex- 
cursive s; lations. 1848 Soutrney Comm.-pl. Bk. Ser. 1. 
(1850), Johnson’s excursive reading. : 

. @, That makes excursions or sallies in various 
directions ; capable of, or addicted to, varied 
flights; having a wide range of pursuits or in- 
terests. b. Apt to diverge from a definite course ; 
prone to stray, erratic ; digressive. 

1744 Thomson Sfring 953 Your eye excursive roams. 
1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry \xiii. (1840) 111. 425 The 
first [book of Hall’s Satires) is miscellaneous and excursive. 
1779-81 Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 103 An intelligence 
perpetually on the wing, excursive, vigorous, and diligent. 
1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. xxxv. (1828) III. 644 The order 
to which the excursive butterfly belongs is the Lepidoptera. 
1823 Rutter Fonthill 81 That brilliant and excursive genius 
which created the design. 1825 Scott Betrothed Introd., 
Keeping in the straight road his excursive black cattle. 
1838-9 | ee Hist. Lit. U1. iii. ut. § 127. 110 Bacon was 
sometimes too excursive to sift particulars. 1868 HeLrs 
Realmah ix. (1876) 256 Do keep to the point, my excursive 
friends. a ae 

Excursively (eksk#-isivli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY%.] In an excursive or rambling manner; 
erratically, desultorily, digressively. 

1791 Boswett Yohknson an 1728, The flesh of animals who 
feed aneres is allowed to have a higher flavour than 
that of those whoare cooped up. 1841 Hor. Smitn Moneyed 
Max M11. vii. 193 How excursively have I speculated on a 
lady's glove. 1872 Arnotp Lect. Mod. Hist. i. (1878) 98 
hie must now break forth excursively to the right and 
eft. 

Excursiveness (ekskiusivnés). [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being excursive; a ten- 
dency to depart from the beaten track, or from 
any fixed course; digressiveness ; capacity for 
mental ‘ flights’ in varied directions. 

1754 Ricuarpson Grandison (1781) VI. xxxiv. 251 An ex- 
cursiveness of imagination. a 1859 De Quincey Conversa- 
tion Wks. XIV. 177 The natural excursiveness of colloquial 
intercourse. .is one of its advantages. 1866 WuirrLe Char. 
& Charac. Men 222 The very process which gave depth 
and excursiveness to his mental vision. 

+Excursory. O¢s. rare—'. [f. L. excurs- 
ppl. stem of excurrére (see Excur) + -ony.] A 
rambling speech. 

1590 GREENWoop Answ. Def Read Prayers 12 To this 
ignorant excursorie I answered, that all false .. worship .. 
was Idolatrye. 

Excursus (ekskiusis). 7/. excursus, after 
Lat.; now usually excursuses. [a. L. excursus, 
n. of action f. excurrére lit. ‘to run out’: see 
Excor and cf, Excursion. 

1. The Lat. word is used by editors of the classics 
to signify: A detailed discussion (usually in the 
form of an appendix at the end of the book, or of 
a division of it) of some point which it is desired 
to treat more fully than can be done in a note. 
Hence occas. applied to a similar appendix in 
other works. 

1803 Ann. Rev. 1. 2, This subject is considered in the 
first excursus of the 8t k [in Heyne’s Homer). /did.535/2 
Of those excursus which relate to the historical illustration 
of the poet. 1858 Sat. Kev. V. 536/1 The volume is closed 
by two carefully-written excursus. 1861 M. Pattison £ss. 


| emptions from that Law, he may be 


EXCUSATION. 
Excurved (ekski1vd), ppl. a. [f. Ex- prefil 
+ CurveD.] Srved aie Sos the pi nec 
of certain insects), G 


Exeu:sabi'lity. rare. [f. next: see -dility, 


-Iry.] = a 
: 18. Allowing all of 
cccmabllicy to those er different p . ae 
Excusable (ekskizzib’l), a. Also 5 ex- 
cusabil, 6-7 excuseable, [a. Fr. excusable, ad. 
L. excisabilis, f. excisare: see Excuse v.] 


H 


Watrote Lett. 7. Mann (1834) 1. lxx. 254, I don’t 


you 
my news and 


therefore should not be excusable to invent. 
= Burke W. Hastings Wks. 1842 11. 155 That the said 
arren Hastings was the less excusable in this. 
2. Of actions, conduct, etc.: Admitting of excuse 
or palliation. Lacusable homicide (see quot. 1769). 
1374 Cuaucer Troylus ut. 981 Som manere Ialousye 
Is excusable more som. 1460 Carcrave Chron, 281 
And that her rebellion schuld be more excusabil. 


1561 T. 
Norton Calvin's Inst. ut. xxii. (1634) 460 Dallying by shifts 
is never excusable. 1646 Sir T. Browne P: Ef. i. vii. 26 


With more excusable reservation may we shrink at their bare 

testimonies. 1709 Appison Zatler No. 121 ® 4 The only 

Extravagance of this Kind which appears to me excusable. 

1769 Biackstone Comm, IV. xiv, 182 Excusable homicide 

is of two sorts; either fer infortunium, by misadventure ; 
i P } A, upon a ‘. oonll 2. 


or se defe A rincip p! vation. 
[bid. 183 Homicide in self-defence. .is also excusable, rather 
than justifiable, by the English law. 1825 Lytron Fadk- 
land 29 Emily felt a strong yet excusable curiosity. 

Excusableness (ckski#zab’lnés). [f. prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being excusable; capa- 
bility LY pears 

1657 S. W. Schism Dispach't 75 In their excusableness is 
terminated the controversy in id, 1684 SHarpe Disc. 
Conscience 56 The Innocence or Excuseableness of some 
Mens mistakes. 1754 Epwarps Freed. Wiil.v. iii. (ed. 4) 
292 Our ideas of bl or faultl 1755 in 
Jounson; whence in mod. Dicts. 

Excusably (ckski#zabli), adv. [f. as prec. 
+-LY2.] In a manner admitting of excuse; so 
as to deserve being excused. : 

a1619 Donne Bradavaros (1644) 124 Priviledg: 
excusably ignorant of. 
1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 411 He taught..that no 
Man could excusably live Idle in the World. 1824 L. 
Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 426 His ideas may, very ex- 
cusably, be on some subjects incomplete, Mauch. 
Exam, 21 Nov. 6/1 On this matter Lord Northbrook was 
excusably angry. 

Excusal (ekski#zil). Now rare. [f. Ex- 
CUSE v.+-AL.] The action or fact of excusing ; an 
instance of this. Const. of ws 5 

1584 Peete Arraignm. Paris w. iv,1 must plead For safe 
Pha mf my guiltless thought. 1620 ALLurED in Rushw. 
Hist. Coll. (1659) 1. 9x Yea, upon the excusal of some, and 
refusal of others [who were bade-to the marriage]. 1864 R. 
A. Arnoip Cotton Fam. 286 The deficiency caused by the 
excusals on account a 1888 Whitby Gaz. 5 Oct. 
3/3 The committee had met..to go through the list of ex- 
cusals and irrecoverables. I 

+ Excusa‘tion. Ovs. Also 5 aphetic Scusa- 
TIoN. [a. Fr. excusation, ad. L. excisdtion-em, f. 
exciisare: see EXCusE.] 

1. The action of offe: an excuse, defence, or 
apology ; also, the condition of being excused, in 
i) To have in excusation. 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 9261 (Gott.) He 
onions Dawe oe 
cr YCLIF » LIL. 
Shel not 


w. Whiche maner of excusacyon ma‘ man¥ 
=550) Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iii. § 6 It tlesonlag 


wayes. ; 
eeds the less di: or excusation. 

Gentile s IL, 6 tion or Excusation and Accusation. 
2. The action of setting free, or the state of being 


set free, from a duty, obligation, etc. ; release from 
a duty, ete. 
34 Wibout excusacoun, but if... Crist 


(1889) hed i ea — as. - por. - 
y text. . +» SIMCOX In Acad e 
adds 8 series of excursuses on the sanding tae of the 
le. 
. A digression in which some incidental point 
is discussed at length. 
1845 Athenxum 11 Jan. 48 We shall quite bewilder. .our 
ers by this excursus. 1876 M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 
384 He concluded a most interesting excursus Sr oeens 
on the prospects of Church extension. 1882 A, W, Warp 
Dickens vi. 160 The excellent description of a winter journey 
..with an excursus on inns in general. 
tion (ckskviveifan). [f. Ex- pref. 
+Curvation.] A bending or curving ou 
1877 Ericusen Surg. (ed. 7,299 When excurvation has 
taken there has been of substance. 1884 Syd. 
Soc. Lex. Spinal excurvation, posterior curvature of the 
spine. 


¢ Afpol. Loll. 

cop ven wip he, ars W. 1506) 1 fer eve shelde 
4 te . de W. u. 1. 87 we 
a al a1gqo CovERDALE 


not haue ex not 
Let. to Crumwell Wks. 1. 


this writing t ir mine own self: 
standing. . suit dasite favour on your behalf for my ex- 
cusation [etc.] 


8. An excuse, a real or alleged ground of ex- 
cuse ; a plea or apology ; = Excuse sd. 2 and 3. 
a. for an ice, etc. 
¢ 1380 Wycur HWks. (1880) 411 Heere ben pre excusaciouns 
ae excuse es @ 1450 pajrid b=! ha te tal 
might nor 
exeusacion, in her folye. "398 Davipson Answ. Kennedy 


in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 192 Men that had fallin in error wald 
have hod ane juste exeaiatl that the [ete.}. —_ 
B. Discolliminium 45, 1.. be allowed the full benefit 
of all the. .excusations. .that I. can devise. mee ey 


EXCUSATIVE. 


b. for release from a duty, obligation, etc. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7.? oman may been absent for 
certes there auailleth noon ie ne excusacion. ¢ 1440 
Gesta Rom. 1. xxxvi. (1838) 388 Now is there none excusa- 
cione on thi side, but thou shalt take me to thyne husbonde. 
1530 Proper Dyaloge (1863) 41 Y* it be not lefull to y® by 
no excusacion to tarye fyue dayes. 1563-87 Foxe A. § J/. 
(1596) 281/2 Neither by petition made to the pope, nor yet 
by his la’ excusation. 1662 Gunninc Lent Fast 157 
The 4 Excusations are .. bodily infirmity [etc.]. 

Excusative (ekskiz‘zativ), a. rare. [f. Ex- 
CUSE v.+-ATIVE. Cf. OF. excusatif,-ive.] Tend- 


ing to excuse. 
1865 Reader 20 a 571/2 The excusative-censorial style, 
1 


in which there is neither just praise nor honest blame. 
Obs. exc. Hist. 


Excusator (ekskizz2i-tir). 
[a. late L. exctisator, agent-n. f. exciisdre to Ex- 
cusE.] One who makes an excuse, defence, or 
apology; esf. a person officially authorized to 
present an excuse. 

@166r Futter Worthies (1840) III. 543 King Henry.. 
despatched him thither [to Rome] for his excusator. 1752 
Carte Hist. Eng. 11. 110 The laws do not oblige an ex- 
cusator or defender to give any security. 1873 Dixon Two 
Queens IV. xxi. vii. 164 The Council sent out Carue..as an 
excusator from the English people. 

Excusatory (ekskiz-zateri), a2. [ad. med.L. 
excusatori-us, f. late L. excisdtor: see prec.] 
Tending or intended to excuse; making or con- 
taining an excuse ; apologetic. 

1535 Bonner Le¢. in Burnet Hist. Ref II. 175 The matters 
excusatorie to be admitted by his Holiness. 1642 Sir E. 
Derine SP. 02 Relig. To Rdr., Let those who are in a fault 
ransom themselves with excusatory defences. 1748 
Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. lix. 234, I hear the fellow’s 
voice in a humble, excusatory tone. 1818 Lams Las¢ Ess. 
Elia, Pop. Fallacies 482 It would be a good face if it were 
not marked by the small-pox—a compliment which is always 
more admissive than excusatory. 1865 Dickens JZut. Fr. 
11. vii, Offering these excusatory words as if they reflected 
great credit on himself. 

Excuse (ekskiss), sd. Also 5-6 escuse, 
aphetic Scusk, q.v. [a. OFr. excuse, fem., f. ex- 
cuser: see EXCUSE v. 

The pronunciation with (s), instead of (z) as in the verb, is 
due to the analogy of pairs of words like se, abuse vbs. and 
sbs., advise and advice, etc., where the sb. was in OF. masc., 
and ended in -s.] 

1, The action of the vb. Excuse. 

a. The action of offering an apology for a 
person, or in extenuation of an offence. Const. of 
or fossessive case of pers. pron. Now rare exc. in 
phrase zz excuse of. Also rarely the action of 
begging off from a duty or obligation. 

©1374 CHaucer Avel. §& Arc. 308 Yf pat I to yowe myne 
othes beede For myn excuse a scorne shall be my mede. 
1460 CapGRrAvE Chron. 227 Ser Robert.. sent him mech 
tresoure, and than hecamtohis excuse. 1477 Ear Rivers 
(Caxton) Dictes 149 For excuse of the saide socrates, 1526 
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 76b, After that folowed dou- 
blenes and excuse of his synne. 1608 SHaks. Per. u. iii. 96 
Come, gentlemen..Even in your armours. .I will not have 
excuse. 1632 Massincer Maid of Hon, u.i, Letters .. in 
excuse Of these forces sent against her. 1637 Mitton Zy- 
cidas 18 Hence with denial vain and coy excuse. 17 
Anecd, W. Pitt I.iv.73 In excuse of their conduct it is said 
[etc.]. 1823 Lincarp Hist. Eng. VI. 251 Henry pleaded 
the scruples of his conscience in excuse of his precipitancy. 
1825 Lytton Zicci7 1. i, The old woman gave me a note of 
excuse. ae 

b. The action of looking indulgently upon an 
offender or an offence ; consideration, indulgence, 
pardon. 

1655-60 StanLey Hist. Philos. (1701) 24/2, I will... con- 
demn without excuse those that deserve it. 1675 in Essex 
Papers 1. 318 He begs your Ex‘ys Excuse that you doe 
not heare feet him by this post. 1728 Morcan Adgiers I. 
Pref. 23, I heartily crave the excuse and pardon of every 
Reader. a@18r0 TANNAHILL Poems (1846) 25, I see my fau'ts 
..And now I’m come to beg for your excuse, 1814 Scotr 
Ld. of Isles 1. vii, He pray’d excuse for mirth broke short. 

+c. The action of releasing (a person) from an 
obligation ; a dispensation, release. Ods. 

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl, Hist. (1619) 288 Supposing they 
had got their desired excuse, absented themselves. 1607 
Snaks. Cor. 1. iii. 114 Val. I Pray go with vs. Virg. Giue 
me excuse good Madame, I will obey you in euery thing 
heereafter. F 

2. That which is offered as a reason for being 
excused; sometimes in bad sense, a (mere) pre- 
text, a subterfuge. a. A plea in extenuation of 
an offence; b, A plea for release from a duty, 
obligation, etc. Const. for, + from. 

a@. c1500 Melusine 260 Yf it might plese you to here my 
lord & husband & his escuse. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse 
(Arb.) 42 A bad excuse is better, they say, then none at all. 
1590 Saks, JJids. N. ut. ii. 245 Stay gentle Helena, heare 
my excuse, 165r Hoppes Leviath. u. xxvii. 156 Place. .for 
Excuse, by which that which seemed a Crime, is proved to 
be none at all. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1x. 853 To him she 
hasted, in her face excuse Came Prologue. az17o00 B. E. 
Dict, Cant. Crew, Lame Excuse, a sorry Shift or Evasion. 
1754 Ricnarpson Grandison III. xxii. 202 Excuses are more 
as tacit confessions. 1761 F, SHeripan Sidney Bidulph 
I. 305, I am weary of inventing excuses from absenting 
eat | 1858 Doran Crt. Fools 70 The excuse was worse 
than the crime. 

Comb. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xviii. 175 Dinah 
was mistress of the whole art and mystery of excuse-making. 

b. @1533 Lv. Berners Hon xlvi. 156 None excuse can 
auayle, for it must be thus. 1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist. 


391 


405 As for excuse, which peradventure = wil make by 
reason of the great showers, I meane to admitt none. 1606 
Suaks. 77. § Cr. u. iii. 173 Viis. Achilles will not to the 
field to morrow. Ag. What’s his excuse? 1758 JoHNson 
Idler No. 19 ® 8 He. -has only time to taste the soup, makes 
a short excuse to the company [etc.]. 

3. That which serves to excuse, or which tends 
to extenuate (a fault or offence); a cause, reason, 
or ground for excuse; esf. in phrase w#thout 
excuse. Also, a ground for release from duty. 

1494 in Eng. Gilds 188 Noo man then be absent wt-oute a 
resonable and sufficiaunt excuse. 1533 FrirH Answ. More 
Let.g Them am I bounde to beleve, and am dampned wyth- 
oute excuse yf I beleve them not. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. /V, 
v. ii. 17 My Nephewes trespasse. .hath the excuse of youth. 
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 140 Wondring .. 
why Eromilia would not be seene, for which he beleeved 
not her vow an excuse sufficient. @ 1694 TiLLoTson Sevvz. 
cciii. (1743) X. 4631 The consideration of our own impotency 
is no excuse to our sloth and negligence. 1729 BUTLER 
Serm. Wks. 1874 I. 129 They tell you for an excuse. .that 
they did not think they were so much in debt. 1794 PALEY 
Evid. m. iv. (1817) 304 Seeking out some excuse to them- 
selves for not receiving Jesus. 1814 Cuatmers Evid. Chr. 
Revel, Advt. 5 The external testimony of Christianity .. 
leaves infidelity without excuse. 1887 Times 29 Aug. 13/6 
Charged with knocking without lawful excuse at the door. 

4. At Cards (in the game of Tarocco). 

1816 Sincer Hist. Cards 239 If a king is played, and you 
have not the queen to form a sequence, you play the fool, 
and this is called an excuse. 

Excuse (ekskiz‘z),v. Forms: 3-6 escuse(n, 
(4 excusi), 4-5 ascuse, -kuse, -kewse, -kewese, 
4- excuse. Also aphetic Scusr, q.v. [ME. es- 
cusen, excusen, ad. OF. escuser, excuser, ad L. ex- 
cusare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.l) + causa Cause, 
accusation. ] 

I. To offer, or serve as, an exculpation for. 

lL. trans. To offer an apology for. 

a. To attempt to clear (a person) wholly or 
partially from blame, without denying or justifying 
his imputed action. Chiefly ve/?. 

a 1228 Ancr. R. 304 Monschal..nout werien [v.. escusen] 
him ne siggen, Ich hit dude puruh odre. 1340 Ayend. 7 
Ne he ne may habbe skele: bet he him moje excusi. 1382 
WycuirF 2 Cor. xii. 19 3e wenen, that we schulen excuse vs 
anentis 30u. @1450 At. de la Tour(1868)61 Whanne God 
asked her whi she had broke his comaundement .. she be- 
ganne to excuse her. 1653 Watton Azgler Ep. Ded. 6, I 
should rather excuse myself, then censure others. 1675 
Crowne Country Wit v. 84 My Lord has been to seek me 
in such a rage, that if you do not excuse me, it will be a 
parting quarrel. 1771 Funius Lett, xlix. 257 To excuse 
yourself, you publicly impeach your accomplice. 


b. To seek to extenuate or remove the blame 
of (an acknowledged fault). + Also rarely with 


sentence as 007. 

1303 R. Brunne Handl. Syne 12357 He [Adam] wulde 
haue excusede hys fame As who seyp, ‘ Gode was to blame’. 
1340 Ayend. 61 Pe blondere defendep and excuseb .. be 
zennes of ham pet he wyle ulateri. c1460 7owneley Myst. 
77 For shame yit shuld she let, To excuse her velany by 
me. 1548 Hay Chron. 184 b, The Mayre sent the recorder 
..toexcuse the matter. 1590 SHaks. Com. Err. 11.i. 92 She 
will well excuse Why at this time the dores are made 
against you. 1660 MarveLt Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 17, I 
had rather expose mine own defects..then excuse thereby 
a totall neglect of my duty. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1v. 394 
So spake the Fiend, and with necessitie. .excus’d his devilish 
deeds. 1751 E. Heywoop Betsy Thoughtless 1. 216 She.. 
excused having made him wait. 1793 Gouv. Morris in 
Sparks Life §& Writ. (1832) Il. 372 He is driven to. .excus- 
ing a step, which it is not possible to justify. 1856 FroupE 
Hist. Eng. (1858) 11. ix. 368 It was a strange proceeding, 
to be excused only..by the pressure of the times. 

e. absol, 

1sgo Suaks. Mids. N. v. i. 363 Neuer excuse; for when 
the plaiers are all dead, there need none to be blamed. 1651 
Hosses Leviath. u. xix. 97 To accuse, requires lesse Elo- 
quence than to excuse. 

+d. [after L. excusare se esse, etc.] To excuse 
(a person or thing) fo de, ete., to excuse oneself 
that, etc.: to allege by way of excuse or explana- 
tion, that (it is), etc. Obs. 

a 1340 Hampote Psalter xviii. 7 No man may excuse him 
‘pat he ne is sum tyme stird frasynn to gode’, 1393 LaNGL. 
P. Pi.C. xxiu.6 Coupest pou nat excuse be .. pat bow nome 
no more pan neode pe tauhte? @1532 Lp. Berners Huon 
xcv. 309 The prouost .. excusynge hym selfe that he knew 
nothynge of y® trewes. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iii. § 10 
Excusing himselfe that it was reason to yeeld to him, that 
commaunded thirtie a Lge 1668 Cuvrerrer & CoLe 
Barthol. Anat. 1. i.323 The Father excepts the Nerves of 
the Privity manifestly hollow, which nevertheless his Son 
ni nag to have been meant of the hollow Ligaments of the 

rivity. ABy) , 

+2. To maintain the innocence of (a person) ; 
to defend from an accusation (of); to maintain 
the rightness of, seek to justify (an action). Ods. 

¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 4o The thef..escusede Jhesu Cryst, And 
hym gelty gan aelde. c1350 Will. P. 4045 Sche of 
pat sclaunder excused hire al-gate. 1384 CHaucer H. Fame 
1. 427 She desired no-thinge ellis But to excusen Eneas. 
1481 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 323 John Mather askused hymsell 
..wt ij men sworyn apon Picks, 1526-34 TINDALE Rom, 
ii. 15 Their thoughtes accusynge one another or excus- 
ynge. 1531 St. German's Doctor & Stud. liv. 148a, Howe 
may the playntyfe there be excused of an untruthe? 1577 
Hottnsuep Chron. II. 140 To excuse him of the death of 
the archbishop Thomas. 1696 STILLINGFL. Serm. ii. 66 To 
mee excused these two commands from a palpable contra- 

iction. 


EXCUSE, 


+b. with complement, or Zo de (so and so). Obs. 

1583 GopinG Calvin on Deut. x\vii. 281 Is there not an 
of vs all that can excuse himselfe to bee vnsubject to suc 
haughtinesse. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Porrex vii, Can I excuse 
my selfe deuoide of faut. ‘ 

. To obtain exemption or release for ; to allege 
reasons for the exemption of (a person) from a 
duty or obligation. Const. +/or, from, in early 
use with that... not. 

1340 Ayenb. 33 He him excusep pet he hit ne may do. 
1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Al pe oper schul comen to 
pe placebo and dirige..but 3if he may hym excuse reson- 
abely. 1460 Carcrave Chron, 141 He excused him be the 
werre that he had with Frauns. 1467 Mann. § Househ. 
Exp. (1841) 172, I promessed the Kenge I wolde make in al 
haste a new schepe..were fore, I pray 30we helpe to 
askewese me fore my komenge. 1593 SHaxs. 3 Hen. VJ, 
v. v. 46 Clarence excuse me to the King my Brother. 1697 
Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 356 Captain Swan excused himself, 
and said... he would have nothing to do with it. x712 
Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 361, I excus'd my- 
self upon account of my being oblig’d to return speedily to 
Oxford. 1788 Rei Aristotle's Log. iv. § 5. 96, lam very 
pi excuse myself from entering upon this great branch 
of Logic. 

absol, 1382 Wycur Luke xiv. 18 Alle bigunnen togidere 
to excuse [1388 excusen hem]. 

+b. To beg off from (doing something); to 
decline with apologies. Oés. 

1548 Hatt Chron. 204 Willing him..with all hast to re- 
payre unto hym, which oftentymes he had excused by 
syckenes and debilitie of his body. 1588 R. Parke tr. 
Mendoza's China 162 They could not excuse to go vnto 
them to accomplish their commandement. 159 SHaks. 
Two Gent. 1. iii. 71 To morrow be in readinesse, to goe, 
Excuse it not: for I am peremptory. 1624 Carr. SMITH 
Virginia 1. (1629) 14 He did what he could to excuse it, yet 
their importunities would not cease till he undertooke it. 
are Stryvre Ann, Ref. I. xiii. (heading of ch.), The Bishop 
of Ely excuseth his ministring in the chapel by reason 
thereof. 1754 J. Hitprop Misc. Wks. Il. 123 He pressed 
me..to dine with him, which I excused. 

+4. To screen, shelter. (Cf. late L. se a calore 
excusare (Palladius).] To save from punishment or 
harm, esp. by suffering (in a person’s stead); to 
exempt (a person) from a duty by taking his place. 


Const. of, from. Obs. 

a 1340 Hampo.e Psadter xviii. 7 He suffirs nan to be pat 
may excuse paim ofthe hete of his luf, 146x-83 Liber Niger 
in Househ. Ord. 16 Every officer in unitie of love applyed 
to excuse other by servyce and attendaunce. /édid. 82 
Everye yoman to helpe to excuse others for his busyness in 
his absence. 1543 Sir J. Wattop in Maclean Carew 126, I 
wold wische to God the next kynesman I have. .had excused 
him. 1576 FLeminc Panofpl. Epist. 426, 1 would her life 
might have beene excused by my death. 1653 H. Morr 
Antid, Ath, u. xi, An Armature .. often excuses the more 
useful parts of his head from harm, r711 STEELE Sfect. 
No. 82 » 3 At School, he was whipped thrice a Week for 
Faults he took upon him to excuse others. 

+b. To regard as exempt or safe from. rare. 

1643 Sik T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 28, I excuse not Con- 
stantine from a fall off his Horse .. upon the wearing those 
nayles on his bridle. 

. Of things, circumstances, etc.: To serve as 
an excuse or exculpation for. 

1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 31 Such ignorance excusyth 
not errorys in mannys lyfe. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. 7. 
Matt. iii. 4 Other men’s superstition..will not excuse mens 
superfluity. 1702 Pore Wzfe of Bath 97 Shape excuses the 
defects of face. 1800 Appison Amer, Law. Rep. 13 The 
wife’s presence will not excuse the husband. 1856 Froupr 
Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 434 There are some acts of injustice 
which no national interest can excuse. 

absol. 1658-9 Burton’s Diary (1828) IV. 2 Ignorance will 
not excuse, 1736 Butter Axal/. u. i. Wks. I. 163 Ignor- 
ance.. will... just as little, excuse in one case as in the 
other. A 

b. In fasseve. To have a sufficient excuse; to 


be freed from blame. 

c1340 Hampote Prose Tr. 27 If pou leue nedfull besynes 
of actyf lyfe..by-cause of desire..to gyffe be to gastely 
ocupacyone, wenande pat pou arte thereby excusede .. pou 
dose noghte wysely. 1548 UpaALtt, etc. Erasm. Par., Fohn 
57 b, The common people and the vnlearned are to be holden 
excused, and may be forgeuen. @ 1626 Bacon Mar. §& Uses 
Com. Law v. 26 If a warrant..come from the King to sell 
wood upon the ground whereof I am tenant..I am excused 
in waste. 1787 Minor 96 Cupid being blind was partly ex- 
cused accompanying a counterfeit. 

II. To accept an excuse for or from, 

6. a. To accept a plea in exculpation of (a 
person); to judge leniently on the ground of ex- 
tenuating circumstances, Const. + 0/, for. 

cx3ag Z, £. Allit. P. A. 281 To be excused I make 
requeste. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Avt.’s T. 908 Although his ire 
here gylt accused, Yet in his resoun he hem bothe excused. 
c1450 Castle Hd. pe St, Cuthb, (Surtees) 7305 Pai were 
excused pan, for why bai did wrange vnwitandly. y 
Hosses Leviath. u. xxvii. 157 He is totally Excused, for 
the reason next before alledyed: 1862 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. 
Ing. 1. iii. 85 We may excuse altogether those who labour 
under the illusions of actual insanity. 1875 Jowett Plato 
(ed. 2) V. 179 The people may be excused for following 
tradition only. : : 

b. Phrase, Zxcuse me: used parenthetically in 
conversation as apology for an impropriety in 
speech, etc., or as a polite way of disputing a 
statement. 

1606 Suaks. 7. § Cr. 1. ii. 87 Pan. Hector is not a better 
man than Troylus. Cve. Excuse me. Paz. He is elder. 1889 
A. Lane Lett. Lit. iii. (ed. 2) 33 That infernal (excuse me) 
coward and villain. 


EXCUSEDLY. 


¢. To admit apology for, overlook, condone (a 
fault, offence, impropriety, etc.); to regard in- 
dulgently, pardon the faults of (a performance). 
Also with indirect personal object. 

¢1391 CHaucer Astrol. Prol. 2, I prey..every discret 
pene. .to have my rewde endytyng for excused. 1553 T. 

1Lson Rhet. 107 Some tymes we excuse a fault and accuse 
the reporter. 1591 Saks. 72o Gent. 1. i. 54 We cite our 
faults, That they may hold excus’d our lawlesse liues. 1607 
Petey hong ee Fer a What — be cae 
1702 Eng. vast. 125Itisa gerous mistake 
to these vile inclinations upon the tenderness of their 
age. 1737 Pore Hor. Efist. u. i. 215(Excuse some courtly 
stains) No whiter page than Addison’s remains. 1775 SHERI- 
Dan Rivals 1. i, Somes my gem Thomas. 1825 MacauLay 
Milton Ess, (1854) 1. 13/2 If ever despondency and asperity 
could be excused in any man, they mi; 
in Milton. 1857 Rosertson Serm. 
boldest heart may be excused a shudder. ; 

7. To set free (a person) from a task, duty, obli- 

ation ; dispense from payment, attendance, etc. 

‘onst. + for, from ; also with double obj. 

1382 Wycur Luke xiv. 19, I preie thee, haue me excusid. 
Be gh Eng. Gilds (1870) 7 That they come to be dirige.. 
but he haue a resonable cause to be excused. 1597 SHAKS. 
2 Hen. IV, v.i. 3 Shal. You shall not away to night. Fad. 
You must excuse me, M. Robert Shallow. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) 33/1 Laud attended. .throughout that 
whole journey, which he .. no doubt would have been ex- 
cused from. ony Artie D’ Aunoy’s Trav, (1706) 85 She sent 
word to all the ies of Brussels and Antwerp, she would 
excuse them for their Visits. 1725 De For Voy. round 
World (1840) 295 He would not be excused..from going 
back with us. 1777 Suertpan Sch. Scand. u. ii, Your lady- 
ship must excuse me; I’m called away by particular busi- 
ness. 1817 Mar. EpGewortu Two Guardians mi. iv, 
Beauchamp. Come, shake hands, and be friends. Sv. 
Albans. Excuse me, Mr. Courtington. Mod. The jury were 
excused from attendance for the rest of the week. He was 
excused the entrance-fee. 

8. ‘Toremit ; not to exact’ (J.); to grant excuse 
for the want or absence of; to dispense with. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. ix.35 If any man shall 
from hence conclude, the Moone is second in magnitude 
unto the Sun, he must excuse my beliefe. 1726 Cuet- 
woop Adv, Capt. R. Boyle 58, I must beg you toexcuse my 
rea. on you for a little while. 1814 Byron Note in Orig. 
MS. Wks, (1846) 90/1 note, He will excuse the ‘Mr.’—we do 
not say Mr. Caesar. 1836 Lytton Duchess de la Vallicre 
v. v, From our royal court We do excuse your presence. 

+Excu'sedl: , adv. Obs. rare. [f. excused, pa. 
pple. of Excuse v. + -LY?.] Ina manner admitting 
of excuse ; with (more or less) excuse. 

1654 R. CoprincTon tr. Fustin's Hist. World 297 More 
excusedly to perform what he had determined. /d7d. 403 
He hoped that he more excusedly should commit Sacriledge. 

Excuseless (ekskiz‘slés), a. [f. prec. + -LESs.] 
Without excuse. 

1. Of person: a, Having no excuse to offer. 

1548 Turner Names of Herbes 5 Because. .that Poticaries 
shoulde be excuselesse .. I have shewed in what places .. 
the herbes growe. 1608 W. Sctater Malachy (1650) 5 Then 
surely are we —< excuseless. 1711 Peace in Divinity 2 
The Reprobate shal 
as will render him excuseless. 

+b. Not offering an excuse. Ods. 

1640 QuarLes Enchirid. u. ii, Charity is a naked child 
. Naked, because excuselesse and simple. : 

2, Of things: Admitting of no excuse; inex- 
cusable. 

1611 W. ScLater Key (1629) 96 Such an excuselesse sinne 
is vnthankefulnesse, 1654 WuITLock Zootomia 301 Excuse- 
lesse is the idle mans mzhil agendo, sleeping out his Lamp. 


. M1. xvii. 217 The 


I 
selfis more excuseless. 1889 Eng. Jilust. Mag. Sept. 
An absolutely excuseless egotism, 
+Excu'sement. Obs. rare—'. [a. OF. escuse- 
ment : see EXCUSE v. and -MENT.] = Excuse sé, 2. 
1393 Gower Conf. 1. 76 Thilke excusement was none. 
Seaanex (ekskiz#-zax), 
One who excuses. 
1. One who offers an excuse for or extenuates 
(a fault). 


1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Excuseur, an excuser. 
1643 Mitton Divorce 1. xi. (1851) 89 Miserable excusers. 
1730 Swirt Vind, Ld. Carteret Wks. 1761 III. 189 In vain 
would his excusers endeavour to palliate his enormities by 
imputing them to madness. 1824 Miss Mitrorp Village 
Ser. 1. (1863) 164 She was the excuser-general of the neigh- 
bourhood, turned every speech and action the sunny side 
without. 1871 Smites Charac. iv. 92 To the sophistries 
of such an excuser, Sir Samuel Romilly once wrote [etc.]. 

+2. One who obtains the release of another 
from a duty, ete., by taking his place ; a substi- 
tute, deputy, Cf, Excuse v, 4. Obs. 
ats Liber Niger in Househ, Ord. 65 The Steward 

T rers excusers and attorneys ., may take it in 
absence of the gretter and elder, 
(ekski#‘zin), vd/. sd. [f. Excuse v. 
+ -INGL.] The action of the verb Excuse in 
various senses; also, an instance of this; a plea 
or ground of excuse, 

a 1340 Hamroie Psalter cxl. 3 Swa be oure lippis. .sperd 
til excusynge of syn. 1380 Wyciir Se/. Wks, ILL. 512 3if 
pis ———- were sob. c1400 Rom. Rose 6588 Noon ex- 
cusynges A parfit man ne shulde seke. ¢1460 Towneley 
Myst., Annunc, 78 They sayde ther helpyd none excusyng, 
And wed us thus togeder. z590 Swinpurne_ 7estamients 
103 Those lawes concerninge excusinge of tutors and 
curators are yerie seldome. spenctions. 1664 Soutn Serm, 
John xv. 15 (1737) II. ii. 58 Many. .things..may go a great 
way towards an excusing of the agent. 


t have been excused | 


Decay Chr. Piety xvi. ® 3 The voluntary nag retig Seg | 
4/2 


have such Grace only procur’d for him, | 


[f. Excuse v. + -ER1.] | 


392 
Excu'sing, #//. a. [f. as prec.+-ING®.] That 


excuses, or excuse ; containing an excuse. 
Hence Excu'singly adv., in an excusing tone or 
nate) 9 W, Sek Disc 99 thal 
1657 S. W. So <p ehh. ‘is excusing words, that 


they, etc, 1688 L Dise. (1 213 Others.. 
que the men. pane 1ss BRADDON 
cpeeme Per se 3 She remem! excusingly that 
etc.]. 1883 J. G. Burver in Bible We. II. 35 Peter..had 


Le 58 ET, Fe Some SENT ee crucifiers of 


t. 

+ Excu'sive, a. Obs. rare—', [f. Excuse v. + 
-IvE.] That tends to excuse; excusing. 

1592 Nobody § Someb. (1878) 288 Our eares are deafe to 
all excusive pleas. 

Hence + Excu‘sively adv. 

Disc. Prince Henry in Harl. Misc. (Mahh.) 111. 522 
To the first, he gave answers satisfactorily.—To the other, 
excusively, 

+ Excu'ss, v. Obs. [f. L. excuss- ppl. stem of 
excutére, f. ex- out + guatére to shake ; the vb. had 
also the sense of searching a person by shaking 
his loose robe. Cf. sense 2.] 

1. trans. To shake off, cast off, get rid of. Said 
with reference to things material and immaterial. 

1607 Toprsett Four-f. Beasts (1673) 239 To brush over their 
Horses with alittle linnen instrument. . whereby they excusse 
all dust from the beast. — Serfents (1653) 603 Snakes with 
tender skin excuss’d their years enlarge. 1657 ToMLINSON 
Renou's Disp, 164* That the exterior shell all glumosity 


may be exc 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 12 
They could not totally excuss the notions of a deity out of 
their minds. 1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 119 The 


pita soul's release. . will excuss and shake off this drowsy 
sleep. 

2. To shake out the contents of anything ; hence, 
to investigate thoroughly, discuss (a question or do- 
cument) ; also, to get (the truth) from (a person). 

1570 Foxe A. § M. (ed. 2) 689 If I should..take in hand 
your Popishe portues and .. excusse euery Popishe martyr 
and sancte there canonised. 1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades 
(1592) 496 Saint Augustine doth more fully excusse and handle 
this argument. 1579 G. Harvey Letter-dk. (Camden) 59, I 
then excussid the matter. 1654 Junius (Webster 1864), To 
take some pains in excussing some old documents. 1726 
Ayutrre Parerg. 438 To examine a Delinquent on Oath to 
excuss the Truth of some Crime from him. 

3. Mod. Civ. Law, [Cf. OF. escosser, escousser, 
‘saisir, dépouiller’ (Godef.).] To seize, take in 
execution (a debtor’s goods). 

1726 Ayirre Parerg. 272 The Person of a Man ought not 
by the Civil Law to be taken for a Debt, unless his Goods 
and Estate has been first excuss’d. 1755 in JoHNsoN; 
whence in mod. Dicts. 

+ Excu'ssable, 2. Ods.—° [f. prec. + -aBLE,] 
That may be shaken off. 

1730-6 in Baitey, 1775 in Asn. 

+Excussion. Ods. [ad. L. excussion-em, n. 
of action f. excut-cre: see Excuss.] 

1, The action of shaking, casting, or putting out 
or off, material or immaterial things. 

1607 Torsett Four-/, Beasts 125 The new bunches swelling 
vp..do thrust off the old horns, being holpe. . by the willing 
excussion of the beast that beareth them, 1620 Br. Hatt 
Hon. Mar, Clergy 1. § 3 The iust excussion of that seruile 
yoke. 1 Butwer Pathomyot. u. vi. 183 Extrusion or ex- 
cussion of the Muscle that moves the Jaw. 165g0 CHARLE- 
ton Paradoxes 73 Fire is, by excussion, kindled from flint. 
1698 Consid. conc, Succession & Alleg. 33 The late King’s 
Excussion of his Regal Authority. 1721-1800 in Battery. 

2. ‘Diligent inquisition or examination ’ (Bailey). 

RIcHARpDSON cites an example of this sense from Wats’ tr. 
Bacon's Adv. Learn, (1640) vi. ii. ar4i but the word is a 
misprint for excursion (the original having excwrsio). 

3. Mod. Civ. Law. [Cf. OF. escussion in same 
—) Seizure of goods for debt, etc. 

1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 453 Debarring..the ex- 
ceptions of Prescription, Excussion, etc. 1 AYLIFFE 
Parerg. 272 If upon such an Excussion there are not Goods 
found sufficient..his Body may be attach’d. 1755 in Joun- 
son ; whence in Asu, etc, 

+ Excu'ssive, a. Ods. rare". [f. L. excuss- 
ppl. stem of excut-ére (see Excuss) + -IvE.] De- 
signed for shaking out. 

1657 Tomiinson Renon's Disp. 484 Sieves made of Horses- 
hairs. .called. .sometimes excussive incernicles. 

+ Excu'tient, a. Obs.-° [ad. L. excutient-em, 
pr. pple. of excutére: see Excuss.] ‘ Shaking 
off’ (Bailey folio 1730-6). 1775 in Asn, 

Excutifidian, nonce-wd. [f. L. excut(z)- stem 
of excutére (see Excuss) + fid-es faith + -IAN.] 
‘One who believes that saving faith or grace can be 
wholly lost or shaken off’ (Davies Supp/. Gloss.). 

a 1656 Be. Hatt Lett. Fall. fr. Grace Rem. Wks. (1660) 
389, I am sorry that any of our new Excuti-fidians shou 
pester your Suffolk. 

+ Exde'cimate, v. Ods.-° [f. Ex- pref.1+ 
L. decim-adre (f. decimus tenth, f. decem ten) + 
-aTE 3, Cf. Epgcimation,] rans. ‘To tithe out’ 
(Cockeram 1623-6). 

Ex div., abbrev. Ex dividend: see Ex prep. 2. 

Exe, obs. form of Ax, Axe sé.1 and 2, 

Exeat (e'ks#\ct). [L. exeaf let (him) go out, 3rd 

. sing. pres, subj. of exire to go out: see Exit] 
|| A. t. use as verb, 

In plays of the early 16th c, used as a stage 


EXECRATE, 
direction, aint to the later Exrr, 


So also 
Erxeant, 
she A 


(them) go out’, for which 
used, ) 


to more than one Pes 

1727-51 Cuameers Cyc/. s.v., His master has given him an 
exeat. 1806 K. Waite Let. 30 June, He not give me 
an - aa cag no _> gg rs his oe for ae 
ni x RISTED . University 1. ¥ 
Exeats .. were never granted [atl ing’s Coll. Camb} but 4 
cases of lifeand death. 1859 Farrar ¥. Home 259 How shall 
I get my exeat to go to London. 

Execate, -ation, var. ff. EXcECATE, -ATION. 

Execrable (eks‘krab’l), a. Also 5 exce- 
crable, 6 Sc. execrabill, 7 exsecrable. [ad. 


“L. execrabil-is (exsecrabil-ts), (a) execrating, cf. 


sense 1; (4) accursed, detestable, f. execr-dri (ex- 
secr-Gri): see Exgcrate. Cf. Fr. exécrable.] 


+1. Expressing or involving a curse ; hence, of 
an Sagrecessne ; Awful, fearful. Ods. 

1382 Wycuir 2 Pet. ii. 11 Aungels..beren not hem 
the execrable..doom. 1580 Baret A/v. C 1802 A Cursin; 


and oth execrable, 1622 Fietcuer Sea Voy. u. ii, Did we 
then. .here plant ourselves, With execrable oaths never to 
look On man? ¢ 1630 in Risdon Surv. Devon § 108 (1840) 
— fearful and execrable curse on all such as shal demi- 
nish. .1t. 

2. Of persons and things: Deserving to be exe- 
crated or cursed ; abominable, detestable. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos iv. Vim Full of so excecrable 
cruelte. 1513 More Rich, J//, Zi ‘2 The execrable 
desire of souerayntee, prouoked him to theire destruccion. 
1590 Martowe Faust Wks, (Rtldg.) 95/2 Thou execrable 
dog. 1667 Mitton P.Z. xu. 64 O execrable Son so to as- 
pire Above his brethren. 1703 MAUNDRELL Yourn. Yerus. 
(1721) 68 It was. .shut out Walls of the City, as an 
execrable and polluted place. 12736 Berxerey Disc. Ma- 

istrates Wks. III. 427 That execrable Fraternity of 

lasphemers, lately set up within this city of Dublin. 1871 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 169 He is either a lover of parasites. . 
or else the most execrable cynic. 1878 Tennyson Q. Mary 
u. ii, A knot of ruffians. .With execrating execrable eyes. 

+b. That is put under a curse; accursed. Ods. 


1557 N. T. (Genev.) 1 Cor. xii. 3 No man king in the 
Spirite of God, calleth Iesus execrable. 1597 ooKerR Eccl. 
Pol. v. xvii. (1611) 209 Reserue, as,.Saul did, execrable 


things, to worship God withall. _ . 

+c. Calling forth expressions of horror; piteous, 
arp ne shocking. Ods. 

‘AxTON Eneydos vi. (1890)22 Y* aduentures of fortune 
harde & dyuersly excecrable. 1596 Drayton Legends iii. 
29 Whereby brake out that execrable Rage. 1610 G. 
LeTcHER Christ's Vict. (1632) 36 The heav’n put out his 
at eye, That durst behold so execrable sight. brakins 


R. 
of bread..{doth signifie] a taseaae eae a Christ. 
a ex: 
a 1704 T. heme On Dk. Ormond's Recov. Wks. (7730 1. 49 
Bellona me invites To seas of and execrable 
1805 Foster £ss. 1. iii. 33 The ex le image of this scene. 
3. hyperbolically, Calling forth ee of 
extreme disgust ; of wretched quality, bad beyond 
description, [So mod.Fr. — 49 
Div. Legat. 1. i paradox, 
sgt asunrsomn Tas 1 hails we. peek Aaa 
execrable swallow. 3789 Lp. 
Our mule-drivers were ed h to carry us to an 
execrable posada. 1825 Moore Z R. (1824) 127 The 
versification..was, to say no worse of it, execrable. 1867 
Miss Brappvon Rw to Darth iii, What execrable weather. 
Hence E’xecrableness. 
1730-6 Baey (folio), EZxecradleness, accursedness, im- 
piousness. 1775 in 


Asi. 
bly (e"ks*kribli), adv. [f. EXEcRaBLE 


UCKLAND Corr, IL. 191 


Pr Histrio-Mastix 1, vi. ii. 154 These Pla 
a ners ‘ jc ate a ig These Foam 
jans, 1LTON Samson 1 Whet act mare exe 
i D Fustian 


bly flagi 9 Satie 
still more execral fe ESFORD 
Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 1. xxxvii, Bells execrably rung 
for some hours every evening. sp Havsecens Fr. § It. 
¥rnis, (1872) 1. 6 Pictures, execrably bad in all cases, 


Execrate (eks‘kreit), v. [f. L. execrat- (ex- 
secrat-) Ppl stem of execraré (essecrari) to curse, 
f. ex- (see Ex- pref.1) + sacrére to devote religiously 
(in good sense, to a deity; in bad sense, to de- 
struction), f. sacr-wm (masc. nom, sacer) devoted, 
religiously set apart ; hence, in sense, hal- 
lowed to a deity, SacrED; and in bad sense, de- 
voted to destruction, accursed. Cf. consecrate.) 

+1. trans. To ounce a curse upon; to de- 
clare accursed, 70 execrate out: to drive out with 
a curse. Obs. rare. — 


EXECRATION, 


1639 Futter Holy War w. xxviii. (1840) 229 His own share 
[of goods] he execrated, and caused it to be burnt. 1691 Ep. 
‘Taytor tr. Behmen's Theos. Philos. xv. 272 Became exe- 
crated out of Paradise. 

absol, 1612 T. Tavtor Comm. Titus i. 13 It is one thing 
. .to excommunicate, another to curse and execrate. 

+b. Occasionally used by way of antithesis to 
consecrate: To make unholy. Ods. 

a1572 Knox Hist. Ref Wks. 1846 I. 193 The bastard 
Bischope, who yit was not execrated (consecrated thei call 
it). 1647 Warp Simp. Codbler 33 Execrating a Protestant 
Parish Church one day, and consecrating it the next. 1656 
Artif. Handsom, 156 As if meer plebeian noyse .. were 
enough to. .execrate anything as. . devilish. 

2. To imprecate evil upon (as an expression of 


hatred) ; to express or feel intense loathing or’ 


abhorrence for ; to abhor, detest. 

156x tr. Calvin’s 4 Godly Serm. i. D j, The Iewes .. of 
that time. .are commaunded. .to execrate the idolatrie of the 
Chaldeans. a 1698 Tempter (J.), Some form contrary to that 
which they lately execrated and detested. 1765 G. CoLMAN 
Terence Pref. 42 Fevre wrote a most elegant copy of 
Latin verses, execrating the Flute. 1782 PriestLey Corrupt. 
Chr, I. 1, 58 The name of Arius was execrated. 1857 BucKLE 
Cwiliz. I. viii. 543 Their views..would have been execrated 
as impious novelties. 

+8. To call down (something) zon (a person) 
as acurse; to imprecate. Obs. rare. 

1602 Warner Ald, Eng. Epit. (1612) 374 In maintenance 
of a falsehood. .he execrated vpon himselfe a choaking. 

4. intr. To utter curses. 

1785 Francis, the Philanthropist II. 3 He received a 
thousand curses from his master, who continued to exe- 
crate, the whole way to Dartford. 1840 Baruam /ngol. 
Leg., The Ghost, He execrated Ere he crawled into bed. 
1858 Cartyte Fredk, Gt, (1865) I. 1v. iii. 294 England.. 
execrates lamentably over its William Conqueror. 

Hence Erxecrated f//. a., accursed, detested. 
E:xecrating ///. a., that execrates. 

1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj.174 If any man who serves 
at the altar be accused ofa crime. .let him eat the execrated 
bread [mistranslation of OE. corsn#d]. 1769 Oxford Mag. 
II. 144/1 This execrated, because culpable child. 1772-84 
Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1371 We saw this execrated island at 
the distance of about four leagues. 1829 The Bengallee 61 
All these .. spake execrating volumes against the compli- 
cated cruelty. | 1878 [see ExEcRaBLE 2]. 

Execration (eksfkréi-fon), [ad. L. execra- 
tidn-em (exsecration-em), n. of action f. execra-rz 
(exsecra-rz) to ExroraTE. Cf. Fr. exécration.] 

1, The action of execrating. 

+a. The action of solemnly laying under a 
curse ; an instance of this. Ods. or arch. 

1382 Wyctir 2 Chron. xv. 15 Thei sworen to the Lord with 
a grete voice..with execracioun. c1585 R. Browne Answ. 
to Cartwright 34 The power of the word..to rebuke and 

iue ouer to execration. 1652 BENLowes 7heoph. Author’s 

rayer 21 The execration of the Son of Thy Love. 1729 
Butter Serv. Wks. 1874 II. 84 To assist with the religious 
ceremony of execration. 1 aig Hume Hist. Eng. II. 
xxxi. 210 The ecclesiastics..kept the world in subjection 
by holy execrations. 1863 J. G. Murpuy Comm. Gen. xxvi. 
28 An oath of execration on the transgressor. 

b. The utterance of curses (as an expression of 
hatred). 

1688 in Ellis Orig. Letz. u. 379 IV. 174 The Lord Chan- 
cellor was taken and brought amid universal execration of 
the People before the Lord Mayor. 1769 RoBERTSON 
Chas, V, III. vin. 104 The name of Maurice was mentioned, 
with execration. 1840 MacauLay Clive 79 A tempest of 
execration and derision. .burst on the servants of the Com- 
pany. 

e. Utter detestation; intense abhorrence. 

{1557 N. T. (Genev.) x Com. xvi. 22 If any man loue not the 
Lord Iesus Christe, let him be had in execration.] 1563-87 
Foxe A. §& MM. (1596) 11/2 It [the title pope] is now 
worthilie come into contempt and execration. a@ 1699 StiL- 
LINGFLEET (J.), The Indians, at naming the devil, did spit 
on the ground in token of execration. 1748 Anson's Voy, 
11. xiv, 282 The Peruvian Indians held the name. .in execra- 
tion. 1848 Mariorri /¢aly I. i. 91 The Sicilian Vespers 
have long been made a subject of horror and execration, 

2. An uttered curse; an anathema, an impreca- 
tion. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) III. 949 All the Country.. 
with Pxecrations detested them. 1603 B. Jonson Sejanus 
v. x, With such black and bitter execrations..she fills the 
air. 1650 B. Déiscolliminium 21 The Romane proverbiall 
execration, abi in malam Crucem. 1793 Mrs. E. Parsons 
Woman as she should be 11. 207, 1 could write volumes. .in 
execrations against the match. 1820 Keats Eve St. Agnes x, 
Lords, Whose very dogs would execrations howl Against 
his lineage. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets iv. 100 A man who.. 
would have been hunted from society with execrations. 

3. That which is execrated ; an object of cursing. 

r6rr Biste ¥er. xliv. 12 They shall be an execration and 
areproach. 187 R. Exuis Catudlus xiv. 22 Clumsy Poet- 
rabble, an age’s execration ! 

+ Execra‘tious, ¢. Obs. vave—1. [f. Exn- 
CRATI-ON + -oUS.] Of the nature of an execration. 

1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) VIII, 99 A whole volley 
of. .execratious wishes. 

Execrative (eks‘kreitiv), a. [f. execrat- ppl. 
stem of execraré (exsecrart) to EXECRATE + -IVE.] 
Of or pertaining to execration; prone to execra- 
tion ; characterized by or containing an execration. 

1830 James Darnley xxvii. 121 Manifold..opportunities. . 
for the captain and pilot to exercise their execrative faculties. 
1837 CartyLe /y. Rev. ILI. 1. i, Into the body of the poor 
‘Tatars execrative Roman History intercalated an alphabetic 
letter; and so they continue Tartars of fell Tartarean 
sane to a : 1871 — in Mrs. Carlyle’s Lett. U1. 99 

OL, . 


393 


On which day Nigger aga {in ‘ Fraser’] had come out 
with execrative shrieks from several people. 

Hence E-xecratively adv. 

1837 Cartyte Fy. Rev. III. 1. i, When .. those Northmen 
-.came in. .foul old Rome screamed execratively her loudest. 

Evxecrator (ekstkreitar), rave. [a. L. exe- 
crator (exsecrator), f. ex(s)ecrdrt: see EXECRATE.] 
One who execrates or pronounces an execration. 

1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) III. 311 O that it had 
turned..to a mortal quinsy, and..had choked the old exe- 
crator. 1835 Lytton Rievzi v. vi, The curse worked best 
in the absence of the execrator. 

+ Execratory, sd. Ods. [as if ad. L. *ex(s)e- 
cratortum, neut. sb. f. ex(s\ecrari: see EXECRATE 
and -ory.] ‘A formulary of execrations’ (Todd). 

1675 L. Appison State ¥ews xx. 179 The Execratory .. 
Wherein they profoundly curse the Christians. 

Execratory (ekstkreitori), a. [as if ad. L. 
*exsecratorius, f. exsecravi: see prec. Cf. Fr. 
exécratotre.| Of or pertaining to execration; of 
the nature of or containing an execration. 

1611 Speen /7ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. § 82 The King. .sware to 
keepe all Liberties vpon paine of that execratory sentence. 
1851 Kincstey Veast xiv, Narrating Lancelot’s fanatical 
conduct, without execratory comment. 

Exect, etc. : see EXSEcT, etc. 

Executable (eksekis/tab’l), a. [f. Exzcure 
v. + -ABLE. Cf. Fr. exccutable.] That can be 
executed, performed, or carried out. 

1796 in Bentham's Whs, (1842) XI. 114 Without com- 
munication with the river .. the Contract not executable. 
1841-4 Emerson “ss, Ser. 1. x. (1876) 246 Truths profound 
and executable only inages. 1856 din. Rev. Jan. 244 The 
whole project..is set down as executable at eight millions. 
1871 Cartyce in A/7s. Carlyle’s Lett. 11. 249 [An intention] 
not executable either when the time came. 

Executancy (ckse‘kitansi). [f Execurant: 
see -cY.] The qualification ofan executant ; power 
and skill in performing (music). 

1858 Times 30 Nov. 10/5 Such music lying hardly within 
the sphere of amateur executancy. 1866 MAcFARREN in 
Athenzum No. 2004 Musical progress. .in executancy, 

Executant (ekse‘kivtant), a. and sd. [a. F. 
exécutant, pr. pple. of exécuter to EXECUTE .] 

A. adj. That performs (music). rave, 
1865 Reader No, 123. 523/2 Any living executant musician. 
B. sd. 

1. gen. One who executes, performs, or carries 
out. Const. of 

1858 J. Martineau Studies Chr. 151 This world may be 
regarded..as the stage of divine agency, using the visible 
actors as the executants of an invisible thought. 1860 
Times 11 Oct. 10/6 Mr. Philip being the executant of the 
whole of the work, 1868 Browninc Ring § Bk. vy. 2003 
Absolve then me law’s mere executant. 

2. esp. A musical performer. 

a18s9 Dr Quincy in H. A. Page Life (1877) II. xix. 174 All 
great executants on theorgan. 1862 R.H. Patterson /ss, 
Hist, § Art 90 The soul, at once composer and executant. 
1872 Geo. Etiot Middlem. xvi, Rosamond, with the exe- 
cutant’s instinct, had seized his manner of playing. 

+ Executative, «. Obs. ravre—'. [f. next: 
see -ATIVE.] = EXECUTIVE. 

1647 Mercurius Brit., His Spectacles 4 The derived and 
executative power in Parliamentary Acts, 

Execute (ekstkivt), v. Also 5 excecute, 6 
exequute, Sc. exsecute. [ad. Fr. exécute-r = Pr. 
executar, Sp. ejecutar, It. esecutare, ad. med.L. 
execiitare, {. L. ex(s)ecii¢- ppl. stem of ex(s)egui 
lit. to follow out’, f. ex- out+segui to follow.] 

I. To follow out into effect, carry out. 

1. trans. To follow out, carry into effect (an in- 
tention, purpose, plan, instruction, or command.) 

¢1386 CHaucer Kvz2.'s T. 806 The destine..That execut- 
eth .. The purveans, that God hath seye byforn. c1430 
Lypc. Thebes 414 To execute the biddyng of the Kyng. 
1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 13 When ye thinke any 
good thought execute it. 15553 Epen Decades W. Ind. 71 
Yet durst they at noo tyme execute theyr lordes com- 
maundemente. 1696 Tate & Brapy Ps. civ. 4 To execute 
his dreadful Will. © 1776 Apam Smita W. N. m1. v. I. 371 
The capital of all the individuals of a nation. .is capable of 
executing only certain purposes. 7833 Hr. Martineau 
Manch. Strike ix, 97 Large orders, which we have been 
unable to execute. “1837 Dickens Pickw. vii, The boy de- 

ed toexecute hiscommission. 1858 Froupr Hist. Eng. 

V. xviii. 16 The aes and his friends imagined measure 
after measure, which they wanted resolution to execute. 

absol. 1606 Daniet Fun. Poem Earl Devon. 211 With 
courage on he goes; doth exiquute With counsell. 1633 
Forp Broken H.1. ii, Judgment commands, But resolution 
executes. 1703 Rowe U/dyss, u. i. 797 When I bid ’em exe- 
cute, ’tis done. : ; 

b. To give practical effect to (a passion, sen- 
timent, principle). Also, to bring (a weapon) 
into operation. Oés. 

14.. Circumcis, in Tundale's Vis, (1843) 88 Tyrranitis that 
the bodye slethe..To execute hur venym vp by deth. ¢ 1477 
Caxton Yason 10b, To execute his dampnable enuye. 1568 
Grarton Chron. II. 83 The people..refrayned not..untill 
they had executed the full of their malice. 1606 SHaxs. 
Tr. & Cr. v. vii. 6 In fellest manner execute your arme. 
1608 Yorksh. Trag. 1, iii, What! may I not look upon my 
dagger? Speak villain, or I will execute the point on thee. 
1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 338 He attempted to 
execute his Rage and Malice upon him. : 

¢e. To carry into effect ministerially (a law, a 
judicial sentence, etc.). Cf. 6. 
1413 Lyne, Pilgr, Sowde wv, xxxiy. (1483) 82 The gouerne- 


EXECUTE, 


ment .. shold be admynystred and executed by suche as 
were of grettest bounte. “1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 41 Whan 
dew diligence have be shewed by us in executing the saide 
right. 1548 Hat Chron. 213 This judgement. .was..exe- 
cuted before the Castell gate of Bristow. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) ot After his return, he [Villiers] exe- 
cuted the same authority in conferring all favours..and 
revenging himself [etc.]. 1752 Firtpinc Amelia 3 Good 
laws should execute themselves in a well regulated state. 
1769 GotpsM. Rom. Hist. (1786) II. 487 The only reparation 
;-was the putting Fausta..to death; which was, accord- 
ingly, executed upon her. 1855 Prescott Philip //, M1. iii. 
(1857) 225 No choice was left to the civil magistrate but to 
execute the terrible sentence of the law against heretics. 
1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 355/1 The messenger .. has 
given the citation, or executed the diligence. 

d. To perform or carry out the provisions of 
(a will). 

1463 Bury Wills (1850) 30 To..se that my wille be exe- 
cutyd trewly. 1641 Termes dela Ley 150 Executor. .the 
person that shall execute his Testament. 175: CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Executor, a person nominated by a testator. .to see 
his will, and testament, executed or performed. 1861 W. 
Bett Dict. Law Scot. 360/1 The acknowledgment of the 
debts by the defunct in his last will, which it is the duty of 
the executor to execute. 

2. To carry out, perform (an action, operation, 
movement, etc., that has been planned or pre- 
scribed, or that requires skill or care). 

1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1 To seke & execute 
pb? werkes..most acceptable tohym. 1549 Compl, Scot. iii. 25 
The kyng anchises lamentit the distructione of the superb 
troy, exsecutit be the princis of greice. 1574 tr. Marlorat’s 
Apocalips 28'To make John the redyer too execute the worke 
enioyned vntoo hym, 61x Biste 2 Kings x. 30 Thou hast 
done well in executing that which is right in mine eyes. 
1727 Swirt Gudliver i. iii, 198 Always averse from execut- 
ing so terrible an action, 1809 Rotanp Fencing 19 To 
discover what is necessary to execute, at the instant the ad- 
versary exposes his body. 1826 Disraeut Viv. Grey v1. ii, 
The Prince executed a blast with great skill. 1842 ALison 
Hist. Europe V. xxxi. 309 Moreau executed a change of 
front, arranging his army parallel to that of the enemy. 
1884 Punch 25 Oct. 195/2 They..execute .. a wild dance.. 
as Act-drop descends. 

+b. sfec. To perform, celebrate (ceremonies, 
religious service). Ods. 

1450 Pol., Rel. & L. Poents (1866) 6 Who shall execute y? 
fest of solempnite. 31514 Barciay Cyt. § Uplondyshm. 
(Percy Soc.) p. xxxii, To ordeyne ministers to execute ser- 
vice. 1548 Gest Pr. Alasse 114 Not any real and true 
sacrifice.. executed by the priest. 31582 N. T. (Rhem.) 
John vi. annot., The Clergie..when they doe not execute 
or say Masse themselues. 1737 WaTERLAND Eucharist 
47 Ancient Forms .. properly executed .. by .. venerable 

Ten. 

absol. 1546 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 11. App. A.5 The Bishop 
of Winchester was appointed to make the sermon: and..to 
execute. 1709 — Ann. Ref. I. ix. 127 The Abp of Canter- 
bury..who did execute, began the service. 

e. To perform acts of (justice, cruelty, ven- 
geance, etc.). arch. 

1530 Rastett Bk. Purgat, um. i, [God] executyth .. good 
& indyfferent justyce to..his creatures, 1612 Brinstey 
Lud. Lit, xxviii. (1627) 286 Justice cannot be executed, 
nor any gouvernment or authority maintained. 1685 R. 
Burton Lng. Emp. Amer.i. 25 Where they executed great 
severity, as well as in other places. 182x SouTHEy in Q. 
Rev. XXV. 332 Lord Clarendon says that all manner of 
cruelty was executed. ne: 

3. Law. To go through the formalities necessary 
to the validity of (a legal act, e.g. a bequest, agree- 
ment, mortgage, etc.), Hence, to complete and 
give validity to (the instrument by which such act 
is effected) by performing what the law requires 
to be done, as by signing, sealing, etc. 

1737 Pore Hor. Epist. u. ii. 92 My counsel sends to exe- 
cute a deed. 1804 WELLINGTON in Owen Disp. 434 The 
proposed treaty of peace..after being attentively perused, 
was executed by his Highness without the slightest hesita- 
tion. 1855 Prescotr Philip 17, i. (1857) 6 Charles the Fifth 
executed an instrument by which he ceded to his son the 
sovereignty of Flanders. 1866 Crump Banking iii. 85 An 
undertaking to execute a mortgage if called on to do so. 

absol. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 33 One who exe- 
cutes a deed for another .. must execute in the name of his 
principal. 

b. Zo execute an estate: to convey or confer an 
estate in property, etc., esp. by some particular 
operation of law, as under the Statute of Uses. 


Cf. + 40 make an estate (ESTATE sb, 11 b). 

1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 10 Any person or persons .. 
which shall haue any estate to them executed by authority 
of this Act. «1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law 55 A 
use may be created and the estate of the land thereupon 
executed. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. iv. 123 He hath fee 
simple executed in the same acre. 1876 Dicsy Real Prop. 
vii. 333 Which estates could not be executed or transferred 
from the common law grantee to the beneficiary. , 

4. a. To fulfil, discharge (an office, a function). 
Also, formerly, +7To perform the functions of 
(an official position). +b. adbsol. or zntr. Of a 
thing: To perform its functions, ‘work’ (ods.). 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 133 He ordeyned an- 
ober pope for to execute pe office of holy chirche. a 1627 
Haywarp (J.), The cannon against St. Stephen’s gate exe- 
cuted so well, that the portcullis and gate were broken. 
1659 Rusuw. Hist. Coll, Ps A Fee belonging to the Place 
which he then executed. @ 1672 Woop Life (1848) 172 Dr. 
Fell would not suffer him to execute the place of architypo- 
grapher. 1833 J. H. Newman Left. (1891) I. 343 Places 
which..none but Maltese deputies can execute. 1863 Cox 
Instit. 1m. viii. 718 The question arose how his office was 
thenceforth to be executed. 50 


EXECUTE. 


5. To carry out the design for (a product of art 
or skill) ; to produce as an artist or skilled work- 
man; to perform (a musical composition). 

1735 J. Price Stone Br. Thames 10 Manner of exe- 
cuting the intended Bridge. W. Gitpin Ess. Prints 
146 Etchings .. executed in a 
19778 Eliza Warwick 11. 31 She took in plain linen, and 
executed a good deal of it. 180g Axx. Rev. 11. 97/2 The 

i is hedly 1822 B’ness Bunsen in 
Hare go vi. 192, I saw executed in marble the Mercury 
and the Hope. 1826 Ibid, 11. vii. 259 An oratorio which he 
has this winter composed, but which has never yet been 
executed, 1839 Yeowett Anc, Brit. Ch. vii. (1847) 75 Eg- 
bert. .executed a Saxon version of the four Gosp 


_ 894 

formauns of this my testament. Act 27 Hen. VIII, 
perfortne exerting of any esate a an) Peso @ 1633 
Austin Medit. (1635) 239 , These ee executing 
wren is [St. Matt! 's] Conscience. 
in Rymer Paatere S5113. fra We doe give..for the 

executeing of the said Office..the Fee of twelve Pence. 
E-xecuting, 7#//. a. [f as prec. + -ING?.] 

That executes. 

1680 Orway Orphan u. i, With this bold executing arm I 
struck The. .monster. BS 
tion (cks/kid-fon). Forms: 4 exe- 
cucoun, 4-6 execucion, -cioun, -cyon, 4-7 
sio(u)n, -syon, 5 excecussyon, 6 executyon, 


absol, 1768 W. Gitrin Ess, Prints 32 Every artist. .exe- 
cutes ina peculiar to himself. 1774 The Trinket 
46 Charlotte did not execute amiss. 

II. To do execution upon. . 

[It is not quite clear whether these uses, which occur early 
in Fr. and med.L., were org 4 developed from 1 c, or 
whether they partly represent the etymological notion of 
L. exsequi ‘to pursue to the end.’] 

6. To inflict capital punishment upon; to put 
to death in pursuance of a sentence. More fully, 
+ To execute to death [= Fr. + exécuter a mort]. 


+ To execute by the head: to behead. 

1483 Caxton Cato B iij b, To robbe and to stele wherfore 
they be hanged or otherwyse executed by Justyse. 1523 
Lp. Berners Froiss, I. clxxxvii, They were executed by 
dyuers tourmentes of dethe. 1548 Hat Chron. 13, Sir 
Thomas Blonte and all the other prysoners were executed. 
1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 182 First of all Theo- 
tecnus himselfe..he executed to death. 1579 Fenton Guic- 
ciard. Ww. (1599) 180 He was executed by the head the day 
following. 1603 FLorio Montaigne (1634) 514 Divers of their 
chieftains have beenexecuted to death. a 1687 Petty Pod. 
Arith. Pref. (1691) A iij, No more Beggars in the Streets, 
nor executed for Thieves, than heretofore. 1715 M. Davies 
Athen. Brit. 1. 133 Prosecuting and Executing those to 
death, who [etc.]. 1847 James Gowrie xlvi, Three of the 
Earl's faithful servants were executed at Perth. 

+b. Hence for: To put to death, kill. rare. 

[1557 Nortu tr. Gueuara’s Diall Pr. 68b/2 When death 
hathe done his office, executing all earthelye men.) 1593 
Suaks, Rich. //, w. i. 82 Thou Aumerle, didst send two of 
thy men, To execute the Noble Duke at Callis. 

+7. To take the body of (a debtor) in execution, 
(See ExEcuTION 7.) Obs. rare. 

1608 Vorksh. Trag.1. iv, Your brother. .lies in bond exe- 
cuted for your debt. 

+8. [after Fr. exécuter.] To subject (a country) 
to military execution. (See EXECUTION 9.) Ods. 

1679 Lond. Gaz. No. 1393/3 The French. .are resolved to 
exact the Contributions. .from the Mayery of Bolduc, and 
in case they are not paid, to execute the Countrey. 

+III. 9. To deal with as an executor; to 
administer. Ods. rare—. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 352/3 Late euery executour be 
ware that he execute well the goodes of s Bars that they 
haue charge of. 

+ E-xecute, 7a. ple. Obs. Also 4-7 execut(t, 
6 Sc. exsecut. [ad. L. execiit-us, pa. pple. of 
exegui: see EXECUTE v.] = EXECUTED. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troy/us 11, 622 (Camp. MS.) But execut 
was al byside here leue At the goddes wyl. ¢ 1430 Lypc. 
Thebes 255 Wher the domys and plees of the toun weren 
execut. 1549 Compl. Scot. Ep. Ded. 2 The actis that 3our 
prudens garris daly be exsecut. 1560 RoLtanp Crt. Venus 
1. 863 Heir we .. Be this our letter Execute and Indorsat 
dewlie. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. ii.75 The estate taile shall 
bee execute in the Donee. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1682/1 The 
said Archibald Earl of Argile to be Execute to the Death. 
1711 Countrey-M. Let. to Curat 6 This act..was oftimes 
severely Execute. 

Executed (eksikiutéd). pf/. a. [f. ExEcuTE v. 
+-ED1.] In senses of the verb. a. ger. Carried 
out, performed, practised, inflicted. 

1643 Mitton Divorce 11. xiv. (1851) 98 When those worst 
faults .. are committed, by whoso dares under strict and 
executed penalty. orris Coll. Misc. (1699) 302 The 
Positiveness of sins of i i d Act. 


ion, lies. .in the 
b. Law. Of a consideration, contract, estate, 

etc.: Performed, carried out or into effect, com- 

pleted, fulfilled ; opposed to ExEcuTOoRY, q.v. 

192 West 1s¢ Pt. Syntbol. § 44 C, Euerie estate is either 
executed maintenant, or executorie by limitation of vse. 
1601-2 Futsecke and Pt. Parall. 70 Two sorts of damages 
..the one executorie, the other executed. 1751 CHAMBERS 
Cycl., Executed fine. 1767 Biackstone Comm. II. 443 A 
contract may..be either executed. .or it may be executory. 
1848 Wuarton Law Lex., Executed Contract, is where 
nothing remains to be done by either party, 1861 W. Brett 
Dict. Law Scot. 354/2 sv. 

Executer (eks?kiztoz), [f. ExzcurE v. + -ER1.] 
One who executes; = EXEcUTOR 1. 

1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 12 § 4 Euerye suche per- 
sonne..so doynge, and their fauctours..procurers, execu- 
ters, and counsaylours, a 1677 Barrow Vs, (1743) L119 
The executers of his edicts. a 1734 Dents (J.), Sophocles 
and Euripides, in their most beautiful Pieces, are impartial 
executers of poetick justice. 1837 Marrvat Dog-Fiend iv, 
An obedient executer of all his tyranny. 

+ Executibility. rare—'. [f. L. execitt-; cf. 
Execute v. and perfectibility. Capability of 
being executed, performed, or carried out. 

801 Ann. Reg. 1799, 176 The committee had seen the 
advantages of that principle, imperfect as its executibility 
was, 

Bxecuting, vol. sb. [f, EXECUTE 2. + -ING1,] 
The action of the vb. ExEcuTE. 

1480 Bury Wills (1850) 60 For the due executyn and 


e cione, (exicucyon), Sc. exsecutione, (7 
exequition), 6- execution. E. execucion, a. 
AF, execucioun, F. exécution, ad. L. execiition-em, 
exseciition-em, n. of action f. ex(sjegui: see Exx- 
cute v.] The action of executing; the state or 
fact of being executed. 

1. The action of carrying into effect (a plan, 
design, purpose, command, decree, task, etc.) ; 
accomplishment ; an instance of this. Also, Zo 
carry, + order, put in or into execution. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus m1. 472 He..Had every thing. . 

ut in Execucion. 1388 Wycur 1 £sdras vi. 13 [vii. 1] 

Pherfor Tathannai. .and hise ¢ is, diden i 
..bi that that kyng Darius hadde comaundid. 1494 Fasyan 
Chron. 1.i. 7 In all olde Storyes..is nat founde..that any 
suche Storye..was put in execucion. 1§91 SHAKs. Two 
Gent. 1. iii. 36, 1 like thy counsaile. .and .. how well I like 
it, The execution of it shall make knowne. 1651 Nicholas 
Papers (Camden) 259 He beggs me to further the execusion 
of the Kings comission. 1707 Freinp Peterborow's Cond. 
Sf. 208 To such extraordinary Thoughts, and such diligent 
executions, were owing all our successes in Spain. 1772 
Jounson Let. Mrs. Thrale 29 Oct., His intention and 
execution are not very near each other. 1810 WELLINGTON 
in Gurw. Disp. V. 507 The mode in which directions given 
to the Portuguese authorities are carried into execution. 
1863 Fr. A. Kemate Resid. Georgia 109, 1 .. determined 
to put into execution a plan I had formed. 1871 Mortey 
Voltaire (1886) 11 There are..eras of counsel and eras of 
execution. 

+b. The giving practical effect to (a passion, 
sentiment, or principle) ; exercise (of powers) ; 
manifestation in act (vave/y, in speech). Ods. 

158: Marseck Bk. of Notes 780 Workes .. are rather the 
executions and the ministring of righteousnesse. 1586 T. 
B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1594) 17, He may. .represse 
them [his wicked inclinations] .. that they breake not out 
into any damnable execution. 1593 Suaxs. 3 Hen. VJ, 11. 
ii. 111 Scarse I can refraine The execution of my big-swolne 
heart Vpon that Clifford. 1604 — Oth. m. iii. 466. 1606 
— Tr. & Cr... iii. 210. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy, S. Sea 
(1847) 208 Griefe and rage .. caused me to breake forth 
into this reprehension and execution following—‘ Great is 
the crosse’ [etc.]. 1652 Bentowes 7heoph. Pref. 21 My re- 
demption from the execution of thy wrath. 

c. The executing or carrying into effect (a law, 
agreement, writ, sentence, etc.). Cf. 7, 8. 

¢ 1380 Wycur Wks. (1880) 37 Bynde men to here wickid 
lawis & wrong execucions of hem. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V//I, 
c. 10 Fynes. .Jevyed for the execucion and performaunce of 
the said Indentures. 1591 LamparpE Archeton (1635) 209 
The Writ came so late to his hands, that he could not.. 
make execution of it. 165: Hosses Leviath. 11. xxi. 109 
To cause those laws to be put inexecution. 1710 PripEaux 
Orig. Tithes ii. 54 We have God's Precedent in the Execu- 
tion of that Law to guide us. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxviii, 
The coward is determined to put the law in execution 
against me. 1803 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Dis. I. 492 The 
sentence on this sepoy should be carried into execution. 


such divisions. 
‘ost of them are pole ng Bey some 
have a tolerable degree of execution. 
Juan xvi. xii, The circle. .applauds. . The lines, 


presses accurate 
Orient. Voy. 


and the execution. Gwit Archit. at 
{statues] were not equal in execution to those of F: 
1854 E. Brapey (C. Bede) Verd. Green u. ix, 

piece of Music, in which execution takes the place of 


way, Reuennew, eee he vont 1631 
Gouce Gods Aree ee 15. 401 Papists .. are by law in- 


1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. ih Ly As ee eg ho 
not and x in execu m 
dyed. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 212 Like the Dodoes 
wings, more to looke at, then for execution. 1684 
derbeg Rediv. v. 116 The King had not with him above 
4000 men..and of those scarce 1500 came up to Execution. 
1729 SHELVOCKE Artillery Iv. 295 The best Opportunity 
you can have for tend these [Poisonous] Balls in Execu- 
tion, is when the Heavens are clouded over. 

+ 4. Efficiency in action, executive ability. Ods. 

1549 Compl. Scot. Ded. 4 Be his magnanyme proues ande 
Pe: exsecutione, he delyurit the holy land. 1600 Hot- 
Lanp Livy xxxvu. xli, 1008 He was a man of much valour 
and execution. 1601 — P/iny II. 213 Lucullus..a captain 
of great execution lost his life by such a loue potion. 

5. Effective action (esp. of weapons) ; destruc- 
tive effect, infliction of damage or slaughter. Now 
almost exclusively in phr. 40 do execution. 

1588 Suaks. 7i#. A. u. iii. 36 An Adder when she doth 
vnrowle To do some fatall execution. /éid. ww. ii. 84. 
1605 — Macé. 1. ii. 18 His brandisht Steele, Which smoak’d 
with bloody execution. 1590 Sir J. SmytH Disc. Weapons 
4b, Short .. daggers are .. of greater execution amongst al 
sorts of armed men. 1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. xiv. teyen) 
et the execution is not 


26 Though the Canons roar loud, 
The two gallant majors 


mortal. a 1672 Woop Life (1848) 
charged the rebells up t the st doing execution al 
the way. 1828 G. W. Brinces Ann. Jamaica 11. xviii. 342 
The most cruel execution is usually inflicted. .on the backs 
of a... flying — 1855 Prescott Philip I7, 1. viii. (1857) 
137 The shot, probably from the distance of the ships, did 
no great execution. 

concr. 1881 Stywarp Mart. Discipi.1. 45 The heart of 
the battaile, vsuallie called the slaughter of the field, or 
execution of the same. 


b. fig. of the effect of arguments, personal 
charms, ete. 

1678 Cupwortn Jxtell. Syst. 683 Certain metaphysical 
arguments for a Deity.. can do but little execution upon 
the minds of the generality. 1707 Farquuar Beaux Strat. 
nm. ii, You are so well dress’d .. that I fancy you may do 
Execution in a Country church. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. i, 
Sophia’s features were not so striking at first, but often did 
more certain execution. 1840 Tuackeray Paris Sk.-bk., 
Beatrice Merger 1 Black eyes, which might have done 
some execution had they been p! ina face. 

6. Law. The due performance of all formalities, 
as signing, sealing, etc., necessary to give validity 
to a deed or other legal document. 

17976 Trial Nundocomar 17/1 1s the name. .at the bottom 
of the paper, written as a witness to the execution? 1848 
Wuarton Law Lex., Execution of Deeds, the fining, 
i ies, as their own 


31845 McCutocn 7axation u. iv. (1852) 185 C i s 
have been appointed to carry the act into execution. 

2. The effecting or carrying out (a prescribed or 
designed operation or movement) ; the production 
(of a work of art or skill) ; the vocal or instru- 
mental rendering (of a musical composition) ; in 
early use, +the performance (of rites or cere- 
monies). Hence often, The manner in which an 
operation, work, piece of music, is ‘executed’, 

¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist.(Camden) I, 166 After the 
execution of divine service. @1700 Dryven (J.), The ex- 
cellency of the subject contributed much to the nem 
ness of the execution. 1713 Guardian No. 1 P3 t is 


1 and delivery of them by the ba 
acts and deeds. x Law Times XC. 462/2 One of Way- 
man’s clerks attested Mrs. Headley’s execution of the deed. 

7. The enforcement by the sheriff, or other officer, 
of the judgement of a court; ‘the obtaining of 
actual possession of anything acquired by judge- 
ment of law’ (Coke On Litt, (1628) 154 a); 
chiefly, the seizure of the goods or person of a 
debtor in default of payment. Also in phrases, 
(To have) for execution, (to be, take) in execution, 
to sue, take ( forth) execution. 

Writ of execution, or simply £. tion: the p 
under which the sheriff or other officer is commanded to 

a jud To return an execution: to report 


gentleman is, as to the execution of his work, a M 
175 Lasetye Westm. Br. 16 The two Piers were 
ordered into Execution, of solid Portland Stone. 175% 
Cuampers Cycl., Execution is particularly used in French 
music, for the manner of singing. 1768 Gitrin Ess, Prints 
85 His [Rembrandt's] ion is peculiar to himself. 
It is rough or neat, as he meant a scetch or a finished 
piece. Prescott Philip I/, u. iv. (1857) 243 A new 
palace. .presenting in the beauty. .of its execution one 
the noblest monuments of the architecture of the eighteenth 
century. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 62/1 The execu- 
tion of the requisite tools and machinery. 

+b. An instance of the same; a performance. 

1581 Muncaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 191 How it may 
..be helpt..I will hereafter in my priuate executions de- 
clare. a1628 Preston Breastpl. Love (1631) 125 Look to 
‘our actions, to your doings, to your executions and 
‘ormances, 1 R. Morris Ess, Anc, Archit. jose 
Executions, which are perform’d conformable to the Prac- 
tice of the Ancients. /éfd¢. 94 Our Moderns, whose Exe- 
cutions are generally standing Monuments to their Shame. 

¢e. Excellence of execution; es. in the perform- 
ance of music, mastery of the processes by which 
the ss ree artistic effect must be produced. 
1795 Mason Ch. Mus. ii. 137 The term Execution is 
generally applied to that volubility of throat which ex- 


the service of the writ, So return of execution, 


(r292 Britton 1. i. § 5 A fere nos commaundementz..et 


de nos jug , —— 

VII, c. 36 $1 It ye be lawefull..to sue execucion.. 
ayenst the seid sir Edward .. by write or tes of Elegit. 
yes in 

ent. 


1523 Fitznern. usd. § 157, 1 doo .. have 
prisone for execution, tylle they haue made me pa 
1586 J. Hooxer Gi Irel.in Holinshed 11, 128/1 No 
pels fag meg. by omg eee Ig 
a’ .. before the ning of the . 
West 1s¢ Pt. Symbol. § 104 B, When he shall thinke xt 
most to him conuenient to sue forth execution upon the 
statute marchant. 1597 Warner Add, Eng. x. lvi, The 
Writ of Execution, that her Heading did purport. 1632 
Massincer & Fietp Fatal Dowry 1, ii, Let our executions 
That lie upon the father be facgeoe ga Nt rs the son. 1638 
Star Chamb, Cases (Camden) 128 afterwardes take 
forth execution against the defendant .. and the partie was 
in execution. Moral State Eng. 30 By the next 
Term is ted with an Execution, from his T; or 
Landlord 1697 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 315 Two 
bailifs eddenrouring to enter a how: executi 
1725 Lond. Gas. No. 6404/7 A Prisoner in Execution at 
uthyn Gaol. 1767 Biackstone Comm. IL. 447 Unless 
. the writ of execution is actually delivered to sheriff. 
J. Marsuatt Const. Opin. (1839) 37 One court never 


EXECUTIONAL. 


awards execution on the judgment of another. 1817 SE-- 
wyn Law Nisi Prius 11. 722 It may be prudent..to be 
prepared with an examine of the writ of possession 
return of execution. 1 ALLAM Const. Hist. (1876) 
I. vi. 302 A member having been taken in execution ona 
private debt before their [Parliament’s] meeting. 1875 Postr 
Gaius 1. (ed. 2) 342 The English process in an ordinary 
execution is, etc. | 
b. Hence, in popular language: The actual 
levy or seizure of goods by a sheriff’s officer. 

1777 SHERwAN Sch, Scand. 1. i, I am told he has had an- 
other execution in the house yesterday. 1840 Hoop Up 
the Rhine 233 A..squalid, comfortless room, hardly fur- 
nished enough to invite an execution, 1849 THACKERAY 
Pendennis xix, Coming..with a piteous tale that .. there 
was an execution in their house, 

e. Scots Law (see quot.). 

1752 J. Lournian Form of Process 93 The Letters, with 
the Executions against the Prisoner. /did. 130 The Exe- 
cutor returns his Executions against the Criminals in the 
following manner. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot., Execu- 
tion by a Messenger-at-Arms or other officer of the Law. .is 
an attestation under the hand of the messenger [etc.] that 
he has given the citation, or executed the diligence, in terms 
of his warrant for so doing. 

"id. An alleged designation for a company of 
officers. Obs.—° 

1486 Bk, St. Albans F vij a, An Execution of Officerys. 

8. The infliction of punishment in pursuance of 
a judicial sentence ; an instance of this. (In legal 
use also more fully cr7minal execution.) 

a. gen. (but chiefly with reference to corporal 
penalties). 

c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 20 Medele pou merci with exe- 
cusioun. 1563 Homilies u. Wilful Rebel. 1. (1859) 575 
Let us..fear the dreadful execution of God. 1640 W. 
Prynne Peéit, in Rushw. Hist, Col?. m1. I. 76 The small 
Remainder of his Ears, left after his first Execution. a 1656 
Br. Hatt Occas. Medit. (1851) 105 Let others rejoice, in 
these public executions, 1827 A. FonsLanque Eng. under 
7 Administr. (1837) I. 8x In. .military executions, a medical 
man stands by and sees what the sufferer under the scourge 
can bear. 1 Macautay Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) 1. 489 After 
the execution Dangerfield. .was taken back to prison. 

b. sfec. The infliction of capital punishment ; 


the putting (a person) to death in pursuance of | 


a judicial or authoritative sentence. Also called 


+ execution of death. 

€1360 Song of Mercy 37 in E. E. P. (1862) 119 Riht wolde 
sle vs. for vr sunne. Miht wol don execucion. 1471 Dx. 
CLARENCE in 12th Rep. Commnt. Hist. MSS. App. iw. 1. 4 
Edmund late Duc of Somerset taken and put to execucion. 
c¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aynion xvi. 366 Maye ye doo exe- 
cusion vponhym, 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. xxxvii. 27 To be 
put to dethe..by heddyng, fleyng, brennynge, and other 
Cruel Execucions. 1517 Torkincton Pi/gr. (1884) 69 To 
be put to execucion of Dethe by and bye. 1536 Sir W. 
Kineston in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 122 I1. 63, I have told my 
lord of Rocheford that he be in aredynes to morow to suffur 
execusyon. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 25 Thys 
yere the commons of Cornwall arose..The captayns tane 
and put to excecucione. 1605 SuHaxs. J7acd. 1. iv. 1 Is exe- 
cution done on Cawdor? 1631 GoucE God’s Arrows. viii. 
385 Disgrace, /Torture, Execution of death..and other 
externall crosses like unto these. 1680 H. Dopwe tt 2 Le?t. 
of Advice (1691) 39 The stakes and gridirons, and other the 
most terrible executions. 1727 Swirt Gulliver u. Vv. 137 
To see an execution..of a man who had murdered. 1880 
MeCartuy Owx Times IV. liii. 147 The execution of these 
men did not even tend to prevent crime. 

9. ‘The ravaging and destroying of a country 
that refuses to pay contribution’? (Smyth Sazor’s 
Word-bk. 1867). Also military execution. [After 
Fr. exécution.] 

1618 FLercuer Loyal Sudj. v. vi, You know his marches, 
You have seen his executions. Isit yet peace? 1689 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 2423/3 To put the Dutchies .. under Military 
Execution, in case they do not pay, etc. 

10. attrib. and Comd. (chiefly in sense 8), as 
execution man, Monday, part, place, etc.; execu- 
tion-day (see quot.) ; Execution-Dock, the dock 
(at Wapping) where criminal sailors were exe- 
cuted. 

axjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, *Execution-day, Washing- 
day. 1694 Lurrrett Brief Rel. 1 Mar. (1857) III. 277 
Some of the persons convicted lately for pyracy will ie 
hanged at *Execution Dock on Saturday next. 1883 Sre- 
vENSON Treasure Ist. xxix. (1886) 211 It..looks mighty like 
a hornpipe in a rope’s end at Execution Dock by London 
town. ¢1575 Cambyses in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 200 Good *exe- 
cution-man, for need Help me with him away. 1891 W. J. 
Lorrie Lond. City 125 A Sunday always elapsed between 
* Trial Friday’ and ** Execution Monday’. 1710 Norris 
Chr. Prud. ii. 96 Policy agrees with Prudence, as to the 
*Execution part, the use of fit or effectual means, 1 
NasHE ai Trav. Wks. 1883-4 V.168 To the *execution 
place was he brought. 

Hence Execu'tion v. Ods.,= EXECUTE v. 6. 

1565 T. Stapteton tr. Bede's Hist. Ch. Eng. 18 The 
executioner. .desired..that he might be executioned, ether 
for him or with him. 

Execu'tional, @. rare. [f. prec. + -au.] Of 
or pertaining to the execution of a plan or design. 

1652 Urquuart Fewel Wks. (1834) 275 Employments, 
whether preparatory to or executional in war. 

Execu:tioneering, f//. a. nonce-wd. That is 
employed in executions (of criminals). 

a@ 1834 Lams Jnconven. fr. being Hanged Wks. 563 The 
cimetar of an executioneering slave in Turkey. 

Executioner (eks/kizfonor), Also 6 exe- 
quutioner, [f. Execurion sd,+-rr1.] 


395 


1. One who executes or carries into effect (a 
command, design, instructions, law, justice, etc.) ; 
a perpetrator (of an evil deed). Rave in mod. use. 

1598 Barret Theor. Warres 1. i. 37 To haue a souldier 
to be very perfect, and a good executioner indeede. 1619 
Hates Golden Rem. (1688) 455 With them God the Father 
alone is the Author of our Election, and Christ only the 
Executioner. 1673 Baxter Let. in Answ. Dodwell 83 
The People are Executioners of Excommunications while 
they withdraw from the Excommunicate, 1683 Aol. Prot. 
France ii. 27 The soldiers are employed as Executioners of 
these Outrages. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I. xvi. 277. To 
take upon me to be..an executioner of his [God's] justice. 
1827 Scotr Nafoleon Introd., The people had a right. .to 
act as the executioners of their own will. 1879 Barinc 
Goutp Germany I. 245 German right .. trusted to the 
moral sense as its executioner. 

+b. One who performs the duties of a place or 
office. Obs. rare. 

1587 FLeminG Conxtn. Holinshed V1. 1491/2 The verie 
situation of the place ministreth incouragement to the 
executioners. @ 1626 Bacon (J.), The executioners of this 
office..cannot be guilty of oppression. 

ce. transf. said of things. rare. 

1647 CrasHaw Poents, Sospetto d’ Herode xii, All along 
The walls..Are tooles of Wrath, anvills of torments hung ; 
Fell executioners of foul intents. 1755in JoHNson; whence 
1818 in Topp; and in mod. Dicts. ; 

2. gen. One who carries a sentence or judge- 
ment into effect ; a punisher. 

1578 Timme Calvin on Gen. 222 Howsoever Magistrates 
do wink, God raiseth up elsewhere exequutioners which 
repay to bloodshedders their reward. 1678 tr, L. de Gaya's 
Art Wart. 34 The Provost Mareschal..hath a Troop of 
Officers on Horseback, with an Executioner to punish those 
that offend against the Orders of the..General. a1703 
Burkitt Ox N. 7, Matt. xxvii. 5 Conscience is a powerful, 
though invisible executioner. 1798 Mattuus Pow. iv. vii, 
When nature will govern and punish for us, it is a very 
miserable ambition to wish to .. draw upon ourselves the 
odium of executioner. ; 

3. The official who carries out a sentence of death ; 
a headsman, hangman, etc. 

1561 BRrENDE Q. Curtius vul. 153 He being a kynge had 
vsed the detestable office of an execucyoner. 1603 SHAKs. 
Meas. for M. w. ii, 222 Call your executioner, and off with 
Barnardines head. 1698 LupLow AZem. I. 245 The King.. 
kneeled down at the block, and the executioner performed 
his office. 1776 Gipson Decl. & F. I, 320 The executioners 
..were fatigued. 1859 L. Otirnant China & Yapan II. ix. 
194 Criminals who have committed crimes worthy of death, 
forestall the public executioner. 

4. transf. and fig. a. One who puts another to 
death. b. One who or that which tortures like 
an executioner or hangman. 

1594 Suaks. Rich, ///, 1. ii, 186 Though I wish thy death, 
I will not be thy Executioner. 1621 Burton Axat. Mel.1. 
ii. 11. iv, A poysoned worme..gnawing the very heart, a 
perpetuall executioner. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 
48 It is likely they will not be their own executioners. 1755 
in JoHNson. 1840 Hoop Uf the Rhine 322 What is war .. 
but a great wholesale executioner, 

Hence Execu'tioneress, a female executioner. 

1656 S. HoLtanp Zara (1719) 92 Your name should be 
hang’d, drawn, and quartered by the common Executioneress 
Fame. 1 R. F. Burton Dahome II, 40 The Mingan had 
a billhook in her left hand, as executioneress of the inside. 


Executive (ekse‘kiztiv), a. and sd. [ad. L. 
type *ex(s)ecitiv-us, f. ex(s)ecit- ppl. stem of ex- 
segui: see EXECUTE v. and -IvE. Cf. F. exécutif.] 


+1. Capable of performance ; operative. Obs. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psexd. Ef. 1. xvii. 148 They [some 
Laws] enjoyned perpetuall chastity; for [Hermaphrodites] 
being executive in both parts, male and female, and confined 
by some Laws unto one, they restrained a naturall power. 

qb. That executes sentence of death. (Stressed 
executive.) Obs. rare—, 

1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS.) 1, 268 First whirl’d aloft the 
executive blade. 

2. +a. Active in execution, energetic (ods. vare). 
b. Apt or skilful in execution. (Chiefly U.S.) 

1708 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 291 Rouse up, and 
be vigorous and executive. 1825 New Monthly Mag. XIV. 
178 Heis tolerably executive in converting his aiches into 
acts. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I. ut. lix. 412 The 
Americans are, to use their favourite expression, a highly 
executive people. 

3. Pertaining to execution; having the function 
of executing or carrying into practical effect. 

1677 Hate Prin. Orig. Man. 1. i. 29 They are the.. 
strongest Instruments, fittest to be executive of the com- 
mands of the Soul. 1685 R. Baxter Parafhr. N. T. 2 
Tim. i. 7 The three great faculties of the Soul, the Execu- 
tive Faculty..the Will..and the Intellect. 169: Norris 
Pract, Disc. 19 The Ship indeed has good Sails, there is 
nothing wanting to the Executive 1753 N. Torriano 
Gangr. Sore Throat 105 The Method of Treatment is 
always founded on the general Indications, but the execu- 
tive Part is subordinated to Circumstances. 1867 SmyTH 
Sailor's Word-bk., Executive branch, the commissioned 
and working officers of the ship, as distinguished from 
the civilian branch. 1875 Hamerton Jxtedl. Life w. ii. 149 
A most experienced artist, a man of the very rarest execu- 
tive ability. 1879 Luspock Addr. Pol. & Educ. iii. 47 Two 
executive Cc ions were subsequently constituted, 

b. esp. as the distinctive epithet of that branch 
of the government which is concerned or charged 
with carrying out the laws, decrees, and judicial 
sentences; opposed to ‘judicial’ and ‘legislative ’. 

1649 SELDEN Laws Eng. 1. xvi. (1739) 29 The executive 

wer of the Law rested much in the Nobility. 1689 
Toons Govt. 1. xii, The legislative and executive power 


EXECUTOR. 


come often to be separated. 1742 Hume £ss. vi. /udep. 
Parl., The executive pore in every government is alto- 
gether subordinate to the legislative. 1790 Burke F*. Rev. 
288 This their first executive officer is to be a machine. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 469 The executive government 
could undertake nothing great without the support of the 
Commons. 1863 Cox /ustit. m. iii. 631 The king has 
absolute power to retain executive ministers against the 
declared wish of the nation. 

4. Of or pertaining to the Executive (see B. 1). 
Executive Session, U.S. (see quot. 1888). 

1811 J. Quincy Speech 30 Jan. (1874) 235 Those. .desirous 
of places in the executive gift. 1837 H. Martineau Soc. 
Amer. II. 289 The fear and complaint are. .of the increase 
of executive patronage. 1865 LincoLn Message to Congress 
6 Jan., If the people should. .make it an Executive duty to 
re-enslave such persons. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comm. 11. 1. 
xl. 97 A State Senate. .has..the power of confirming or re- 
jecting appointments to office made by the governor. 
When it considers these it is said to ‘go into executive 
Session’. 

B. sb. 

1. That branch of the government which is 
charged with the execution of the laws. 

1790 Burke Fr. Rev, Wks. V. 99 A Council. .holds a sort 
of middle place between the supreme power exercised by the 
people..and the mere executive. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. 
Servia 298 This force constituted a sort of armed execu- 
tive. 1866 Bricut Sf. Jrv/. 30 Oct., By the forbearance 
and permission of the Irish executive. 

Jig. 1842 Mrs. Browntne Grk. Chr. Poets (1863) 146 The 
drama is the executive of literature. 

b. The person or persons in whom the supreme 
executive magistracy of a country or state is 
vested. Chiefly U.S., applied to the President 
(also called chief executive), and to the governors 
of states. 

1787 Resolution 1 June in ¥rul. Fed. Conv. (1819) 89 Re- 
solved, That a national executive to consist of a single 
person be instituted. 1787 Ranvotru in Bancroft Hist, U.S. 
(1885) VI. 213 A national executive chosen by the national 
legislature and ineligible a second time. 1811 J. Quincy 
Speech 30 Jan. (1874) 242 It may be admitted that all 
executives forthe time being are virtuous. 1855 A. BARNES 
Way Salvation xi. 138 It might contribute much. .to dis- 
pose an executive to pardon an offender if he was satisfied 
that he was truly penitent. 1876 Garrietp Sf. Policy 
Pactf. in Kirke Life 30/2 Our great military chieftain 
{Grant] .. had command as chief executive during eight 
years of .. eventful administration. 1876 Bancrorr //ist. 
U.S. VI. 294 The executive was henceforward [from 6 Aug. 
1787] known as the ‘ President’. 1891 Nation (N.Y.) 5 Nov. 
345/1 A Governor who had shown himself one of the best 
executives the State has ever had. 

2. transf. Any administrative body. 

1868 PearD Water-farm. ix. 100 Sixteen shillings per 
week to each water-keeper, would..secure a grateful, and 
honest executive. 1884 Sir J. Bacon in Law Rep. 26 
Chanc. Div. 133 Directors, who were to form the executive 
of the association. 

Executively (eksekivtivli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY*.] In an executive manner; in execution ; 
by the action of the Executive. 

1661 Pagers on Alter. Prayer-bk. 124 In absolving the 
excommunicate..the Church both judiciously, and execu- 
tively remitteth the penalty of excommunication. a@ 1677 
Barrow Seri. Wks. (1716) I. 345 God the Holy Ghost. .did 
executively by miraculous operation conduct our Saviour 
into his fleshly tabernacle. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 
in. 4 Protestant Countries where Jesuitism and Papism are 
Legislatively Tolerated or Executively Permitted. 

Executor (eks-, egze’ki¢/to1 in sense 3; eksi- 
kiztorin sense 1). Forms: 3-4 executur(e, ese- 
cutor, (4 exceketour), 4-5 excecuto(u)r, 4-6 
exequitour, -quutor, 4-7 executour, 6 exec- 
tour, 4- executor. Sce also Securor. [a. AF. 
executour, a, L. ex(s)ectitor-em, agent-n. from ex- 
Segui to EXECUTE,] 

1. One who executes or carries out (a purpose, 
design, command, work, etc.); one who carries 
into action, or puts into practice (some quality) ; 
a conductor or manager (of affairs) ; an adminis- 
trator or enforcer of (a law, vengeance, etc.) ; an 
agent, doer, performer, executer; 772 Scots Law, 
one who serves a writ or executes a warrant. Now 
rare exc. in legal uses: see EXECUTER. 

1388 Wyciir 1 Esdras vy. 58 Executours [1382 foleweris 
out], or folewers, of the lawe. 1483 Cath. Angé. 119 An 
Executor, executor, 1563 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 113/2 loseph 
an excellent doctor and executor of chastitie..and other 
vertues. 1867 THroGMmorTon in Robertson H/st. Scot. 
(1759) II. App. 45 The said Earl [Bothwell] was one of the 
principal executors of the murder [of Darnley]. 1610 Suaks. 
Temp. wu. i. 13 Such basenes Had neuer like Executor. 
1662 Petry 7a-xes 63 When the executors of them [penal 
laws] keep them hid until a fault be done. 1720 Dr For 
Capt. Singleton xiv. (1840) 242 The executor of his own 
vengeance. a Leoni tr. A lberti’s Archit., Life 5 His As- 
sistant and the faithful Executor of his designs. 1752 J. 
Loutuian Form of Process 83 So soon as the Letters are 
execute against the Criminal. .the Executor is to apprehend 
and imprison him. 1864 Read 11 May 1 Ordinary exhibi- 
tions result only in the advantage of the shopkeeper; the 
designer and executor being studiously ignored. 1875 
Srusps Const. Hist. § 811 (ed. 2) III. 588 His [the mayor's] 
functions as receiver and executor of writs devolved on the 
sheriffs of the newly constituted shire. 

b. One who performs the duties, etc. (of an 
office, service, ceremony, etc.), 

1450 Pol., Rel. & L. Poems 7 Executor of this office, dirge 
for to synge, Shall begynne y?® bisshope of seynt as [Asaph]. 

0-2 


EXECUTORIAL. 


By om Pr. oa 106 Bee not also ping as 

¢ same justly named sacryfycers ‘ORREST 
Grysilde Sec. S ehney e other th: all, The 
Screater of bac Vase sate A vane Bi 
xvii. 214 The ministers receiving the 
hands of the executor. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. 1v. § 26. 304 
the Fras were simply sacrificers and executors of cere- 


mon 
+2. = Exxcurioner. Obs. 
Gp lobe Chron, vi.clxxxvi. 186 After whiche sentence 
. He was by the executours..moste shamefully hanged. 


I Suaxs. Hen. V, 1. ii. 203 The sad-ey'd Iustice.. 
Deliuering ore to Executors lazie yawning Drone. 
1614 Br. Hatt Contempl. O. T. w. iv, How much rather 


had they [the Egyptians] to send them [the Israelites] away 
wealthy, than to have them stay to be their executors. 


+b. One who or that which gives effect to (a 
passion). Ods. - 

1386 Cuaucer Sompn. T. 302 Ire engendrith homiside ; 
Ire is in soth executour of pride. 

3. A person appointed by a testator to execute 
or carry into effect his will after his decease. 
Literary executor: one who is entrusted with the 
care of the papers and unpublished works of a 


literary man. 

c1280 E. E. P. 19 
tresure. 1340 Ayend. 38 Kueade ex 
c 1440 Gesta Rom. u. lilt. 372 (Add. MS.) Lordes, or othere 
rauenours that ben Eyres ande excecutores. 1558 in 
Vicary’s Anat. App. v. (1888) 185 The said Thomas Dunkyn, 
his heyrs, executors, admynystrators or assignes. ey 
Crarennon Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) 22/2 His grandfather ha 
been. .left by King Harry the Fighth one of the executours 
of his last will. 1771 Brown in Gray’s Corr. (1843) 163 No 
discharge..against any claims which his executors might 
make. 1 Lp. St. Leonarps Handy Bk. Prop. Law 
xviii. 141 Creditors or executors may prove a will to which 
they are attesting witnesses. 1868 G. Durr Pol. Surv. 105 
Mr. Senior's conversations .. which we trust his literary 
executor will soon publish. 

b. in various legal phrases (see quots.). 

1670 BLount Law Dict., Executor de son tort, Or of his 
own winug) is he that takes upon him the Office of an 
Executor by intrusion, not being so constituted by the Tes- 
tator. 1767 BLAckstone Comm. II. 507 If a stranger takes 
upon him to act as executor, without any just authority. .he 
is called in law an executor of his own wrong, de son tort, 
and is liable to all the trouble of an executorship, without 
any of the profits or advantages. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law 
Scot. 214/2 Confirmation of Executor, is the form in which 
a title is conferred on the executor of a person deceased, to 
..administer the defunct’s moveable effects [etc.]. /éfd. 
358/1 The office of executor is conferred either by the written 
nomination of the defunct, or, failing that, by decree of the 
commissary ; the executor, in the former case, being called 
an executor-nominate, and, in the latter, an executor- 
dative. Ibid. 362/1 Any creditor of the deceased holding 
a liquid ground of debt may obtain himself confirmed 
executor-creditor, 

e. transf. and fig. 

1580 Sipney Sidera xiii. in Arcadia (1622) 501 His death- 
bed peacocks folly. .His sole exectour blame. c 1600 SHAks. 
Sonn. iv, Thy unused beauty must be tomb'd with thee, 
Which, used, tives th’ executor to be. 1607 ‘lorset. Four 
Beasts (1673)177 He destroyeth them. .and so maketh him- 
self executor to their heaps ofhony. 1645 Br. Hatt Remed. 
Discontents 23 His greatnesse..is dead..before him, and 
leaves him the surviving executour of his own shame. 

Executorial (ckse:kivto-rial), @. and sé. 
Also 6-7 executoriall, -ell. [ad. med.L. execi- 
torialis, f. L. ex(s)eciitori-us: see ExEcuTORY.] 

A. adj. Of or pertaining to an executor. b. 
Scots Law. Pertaining to the execution of a war- 
rant, etc. @. Canon Law. Lxecutorial Letters 
(med.L. “ittere executorie or executoriales): a 
mandate issued by the Pope requiring the collation 
of a specified clergyman to a benefice. 

1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) VIII. 275 Excuse me, 
Sir, for the sake of my executorial duty and promise. 1 s+ 
Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 35 In this office are Pr 
. letters of executorial diligence. 1767 BLackstTone Com. 
II. 508 Letters of administration..whereby an executorial 

wer to collect and administer..is vested in him. 1 

urNEY MMetastasio I. 68, I received .. the executorial 
letters against Cardinal Coscia. 1850 James Old Oak Chest 
I. 49 Two lawyers were also there, arranging the execu- 
torial affairs. 1865 Mrs. Wuitney Gayworthys |x, His 
legal and executorial bag. 


+ B. sb. Scots Law. ‘Any legal authority em- 
ployed for executing a decree or sentence of court’ 


(Jamieson). Ods. 

1535 Q. Marr. (Scotl.) in Miss M. A, E. Wood Lett. R. 
& Lilust. Ladies (1852) 1. 371 In like manner we have super- 
seded executorials and shai henry which we have on him. 
1640 Act 34 Chas. I (1870) . 287 The estates of parlia- 
ment .. ordeanes pe lordis of Sessione to grant lettiris and 
other toriellis agai the i prel 
1728 in Mem. Domestica (1889) 12 Letters of horning and all 


other executorials may pass hereupon. 
(ekse’kistasfip). [f. Execuror 


eee ag ag | 
+-sHIP.] The office or duty of an executor. 


in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford go Thomas 
Johns ought no Lay, to Falowfyld.. but by way of executor- 
shyp. 1661 Perys Diary 15 Sept., If she will not be ruled, 
I shall fling up my executorship. 1754 Ricnarpson Grandi- 
son (1781) II. xxx. 288 He went to town this morning on 


deuil is his executur, of is gold an is 
es of bekuydes. 


the affairs of his executorship. 1823 Lams dia, South Sea 
House ( 7) 7 He made the best executor in the world ; he 
was plagued with incessant executorships accordingly. 


Executory (eksekistari), a. and sd. [ad. L. 
ex(syectitori-us, {. ex(s\eciitor ; see EXECUTOR and 
sory. Cf. F. exdcutoire.] 


396 


A, adj. 
1. Of or pertaining to the execution or carrying 
out of a Goer gy es instructions, etc. 
B : ; eee 
1658-9 eS Ie “eS ~ is 


w. @1734 Nortn £xam. ui. vii. § 30 
(1740) 524 The Contrivance at last came out of a Gray’s Inn 
as the Persons, active in the executory Part, make 

1790 Burxe Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 357 W ‘hat sort of 
person is a king to command executory service, who has 
no means whatsoever to reward it ? GLapstone Glean. 
VI. xl. 27 The machinery for applying our principles to 
executory details is..very im , . 

b. Of a law, etc.: In execution or operation ; 
in force, of force, operative. 

1483 Act 1 Richard 111, c. 6 § 4 The aforesaid Ordinance 
{shall}. .be executory from the Feast of the Annunciation. . 
perpetually after to endure. 1649 Setpen Laws Eng. u. 
XXViii. (373 ) 131 A Law, that was 7S the days of 
Henry Eighth. 1791 St. Papers in Ann. Reg. 139* ‘Their 
decrees are rendered executory without requiring sanction. 
1882 Manch. Guard. 21 July, The Canal Convention .. as 
far as France is concerned is only execu after the 
Chamber has ratified it. ed Pall Maul. G. 13 May 7/2 An 
action on the judgment. .if the court sees in it nothing con- 
trary to French law .. may be declared executory without 
going into the merits. 


2. Concerned or charged with the execution of 
a command, decree, law, etc. ; = ExxEcurive A. 3. 


1649 SeLpeN Laws re 1, liv. (1739) 95 The power of 
Militia is either the Legislative or Executory power. 1796 
Burke Corr. (1844) 1V. 414 As far as I know anything of 
Mr. Dundas's office, it is merely executory. 1829 Blackw. 
Mag. XXV. 43 The Lord Lieutenant and the Secreta 
were cut down..into mere executory agents of the Britis! 
Government. 1858 GLapstone Homer 1. 128 The lower 
and executory parts of each of these functions .. are taken 
up..by deities far inferior to her. 

3. Law. Of acts or dispositions: Designed to 
take or capable of taking full effect only at a future 
time. Opposed to Executed. 

1592 West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 44 C, Euerie estate is either 
executed maintenant, or executorie by limitation of vse. 
1670 BLount Law Dict. s.v. Agreement, The third is .. 
Executory, in regard the thing is to be done afterwards. 
1767 BLAcKsTONE Comm. 11. Xxx. 443 A contract..may be 
executory, as if they agree to change [horses] next week. 
1818 CoLeBRoOKE 7'reat. Obligations & Contracts 1.16 An 
executory contract .. is one which is to be subsequently 
fulfilled. 1827 J. Powett Devises 11. 203 The terms of the 
executory trust seemed to import that no conveyance was 
to be made to J. until the death of the wife. 1876 Dicsy 
Real Prop. vii. ae Devises of future interests in land, or, 
as they were called, executory devises. ; 

+4. Of or pertaining to an executor or to his 
duties; = ExrcuroRIAL. Ods. rare—'. 

1560 in Spottiswood //ist. Ch. Scot. (1677) m1. 164 The 
Rector. .of the University must be exempted from all .. 
burdens that may abstract them from attending the youth, 
such as Tutory, Curatory, Executory, and the like. 

B. so. 

+1. = ExecurorsHiP, Executry. Obs. rare—}, 

1496 Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) 1x. vi. 355/2 Them that 
have mysgoten them by myspurchace, or by withholdynge 
of dette, or by false executorye. 

2. An executive body (see EXEcuTIVE B. 2). 

1868 W. ‘IT. THornton in Fortn. Rev. May 521 Unionist 
executories have all the requisite capacity for practising the 
compulsion with which current belief charges them. 

Executress (eksekistrés). ?O0bs. Also 6 
exequetresse. [a. OF. executeresse, fem. of exe- 
cuteur : see EXEcuTOR.] = EXECUTRIX. 

1591 Troub. Raigne K. Fohn (1611) 27 A will indeed .. 
Wherein the diuell is an ouerseer, And prowd dame Elianor 
sole Executresse. c 1600 Distracted Emp. u. i. in Bullen 
O. Pl. (1884) IIT. 187 But how fares The Empresse now, my 
dear exequetresse ? 1818 in ‘Topp ; hence in mod. Dicts. 

+ Exe‘cutrice. Os. Also 5 executorice, 
-tryse. [(?a. AF. *executrice) ad. L. execiitrice-m 
(nom, execiitrix): see next. Cf. It. esecutrice.] 
= next. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7voylus ut. 568 O Fortune, executrice of 
werdis! 1410 2, £. Wills (1882) 17 Y be-quepbe..my godys 
to Ione my wyff..myn Executorice Cheff. ¢1450 M/irour 
Saluacioun 1197 Oure ladie..wold be purified to be of the 
lawe Executrice. _1§26 in Lug. Gilds (1870) 254 Agnes 
Lenche my wife, Whom I ordeigne..my soole Executrice. 
1594 Carew 7'asso (1881) 79 Weaue thou the web begun by 
my deuice, Of warie age as bold executrice, 

Executrix (eksekivtriks). 7. -trices. [a. 
med.L. execiitrix, fem. of ex(s)ectitor: see Ex- 
ecuTOR.) A female executor; esp. a woman ap- 
pointed by a testator to execute his will. 

rsoz Bury Wills (1850) 95 Of this my testament and last 
will I make myn executrix the seid Anne my wyff. a 15 
Six T. Smrrn Comme. Eng. (1609) 120 [Wives] bee.. le 
at the death of their husbands eyther sole or chiefe execu- 
trices of his last will and Testament. 1650 Butwer An- 

th 4, xxii. 249 Unlesse the intelligences the executrices 
* of providence have this Art in some Region. 

1765 Biackstone Comm, 1. xvii, A female .. at seventeen 

may be executrix. al Powett Devises 11, 33 A testator 

Ee inting his wife S. sole executrix of his will. 

Hence + Exe‘cutrixship. the 
office of executrix. 
1654 Gayton Pleas, Notes 1, viii. 229 The executrixship 


Obs. rare, 


of all is thine. 
| Executry (eksekistri). Sc. [f. Execur(o)r 


| +-¥3.) a. = Execurorsuir. b. ‘The general 


EXEGETE. 
name given to the moveable estate and effects 


ofa ae ra x. ial Dict. Law Scot. 1861). 

. Boyd’: 's Flowers (1855) App. 28/2 Accompt 
of Mr. Boid’s Rescutry a eRe room 
Exsxine Princ. Sc, Law (1809) 428 Ex though ive 
to carry a certain de, 
is 


Cases 457 % u ai 
from said office of trust and executry. 

+ Exe'de, v. Obs. [f. L. exedére, f. ex- out+ 
edére to eat.] trans. To eat ont, corrode. 

1669 Evetyn Sylva (1776) 342 A bar of iron..exeded and 
consumed with Rust. 1752 Monthly Rev. Jan. 69 The 
antient piece of .-is not the least blurred or exeded. 
1754 Lewis in PAil. Trans. XLVIII. 688 All metallic sub- 
stances, except gold, are exeded from platina by the simple 

Exedent (eks/dént), a. [ad. L. exedent-em, 
pr. pple. of exedére: see Exepr.] ‘Eating up; 
consuming ; ulcerating’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

+ Exe'dify, v. Obs. rare. In 7 exedifie. 
[ad. L. exadificd-re to build up, construct, f. ex- 
+adifica-re: see Epiry.] trans. To build up; 
to —— , finish. 

a 1617 P. Bayne Diocesan’s Tryail (1621) 76 The. .exedi- 
fying of the body of Christ. 1642 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. 
Axnsw. § 13 Bishops are given..not to lay foundations, or 
to exedifie some imperfect beginnings. 

|| Exedra, exhedra (e‘ks/dra, eks7-dra). 77. 
8-9 exedre, -hedre. [a. L. exedra, f. Gr. &- (sce 
Ex- pref) + pa a gs, 2 place. Cf. F. exédre.] 

L. Ancient Arch, a. ‘The portico of the palzstra 
or gymnasium in which disputations of the learned 
were held among the ancients; also, in private 
houses, the pastas or vestibule, used for conversa- 
tion’ (Parker Gloss. Archit. 1874). 

1706 Puitups (ed. Kersey), Exedrz. 1832 Geir Pom- 


petana |. vi. 90 The vestibulum and the exedra. 1841 W. 


Spatpine /taly & It, Jsi. 1. 189 Exedra, the usual scenes of 
the afternoon slumber, R. A. Vaucuan Ess. § Rev. 
L H He sees them. .sitting in the shady retirement of the 
exhedra, discussing their theories, 

b.=Apsis 3 ba: cf. CATHEDRA. 

1725 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th c. 1. v. 69 The Preacher 
was a vere in a Chair lifted up, which the ancients called.. 
Exedra. 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. Gloss. s. v. Apes The 
bishop’s throne .. was sometimes called exh 
Parker Gloss. Archit., Exedra, used as synonymous wit! 
Cathedra, for a throne or seat of any kind. 

2. (See quots.) 

1850 Wear Dict. Terms, Exedra..a b' een 
1875 Parker Gloss. Archit., Exedra or Exhed: 
or large niche in a wall .. sometimes lied to a porch or 
a which projects from a larger ing. 

xeem, var. form of EXEME Sc. 

+ Exegemartic, 2. Ods. vare—'. [as if f. Gr. 
*étnynuar- stem of *éf7ynua explanation (f. éfyyé- 
«70a: see EXEGESIS)+-10.] Explanatory. 

1683 E. Hooxer Pref. Ep. to Pordage’s Mystic Div. 102 
By waie of an Exegematic er. 

Exegence, -ency, -ent, obs. ff. Ex1cEncz, etc. 


Exegesis (eksidzi‘sis). [a. Gr. énynas, f. 
eénryéecOa to —— f. ~¥ (see Ex- pref.*) + 
ef ig te to guide, . Cf. F. exdgese. 

. Explanation, exposition (of a sentence, word, 
etc.) ; Gs the interpretation of Scripture or a 
Scriptural passage. a 

in C Technol. Dict., E: i i 

wards tran cluchlation of cantencne’ atin Sots Domes 
ton Rew. & Punishm, Notes (1853) 42 e exegesis of 
Scripture is conducted by instituting inquiry into what 
certain ies und: 1857 GLa Glean, V1. 
ait AE spoke and deluding sys ML Aw 

exe; stoa jane art. » ARNOLD 
Lit. ¢ Degen 161 A very small experience of Jewish exe- 
gesis will convince us. 

b. An explanato: 

1619 Sacrilege Hand. 
a vers. but as an Ex 

E 


or jutty, 


ot r 


Prayers, are to be 

is thereof, 
W. Scrater (Jun.) Fun. Serm. (1654) 5 The exegesis 

and exposition of the former [expression]. 1751 CHAMBERS 

Cyc?. s. v., The second [word] is only an exegesis, or ex- 
tion of the first. : 

ce. An expository discourse. 
i a Cyci. Hence 1832 in Wenster ; and 


+3. Algebra. (See quot.) Obs. 

1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey), Zxegesis Numerosa .. the 
N 1, or Lineal Solution, or Extraction of Roots, out of 
Adfected Equations. 1796 ay Grits Dict. s.v. 

Exegete (eksidzit). . Gr. éénynrhs an ex- 
commie interpreter, f. é¢nyéeoOar (see EXEGESIS) : 
ef. F, exégéte.] . An expounder, interpreter. 

1. Greek Antig. At Athens, one of those three 
members of the Eumolpide, whose province it 
was to interpret the religious and ceremonial law, 
the signs —— heave. 5 oracles. “a 

- : ; 
Atkoniand learned in the iaws of the juris consulely whom 
Was " Catia G sie re Rattis bieell was 
. » 1. iv. © 
the. opie amapiny tn ultimate source of legality. 


EXEGETES. 


2. One who explains or interprets difficult pas- 
sages ; one skilled in exegesis ; an expounder. 

1859 Exticorr Comm. Gal. Pref. (ed. 2) 25 For the former 
[Chrysostom] .. as an exegete, I entertain the greatest re- 
spect. 1872 Contemp. Rev. XXI. 74 Goodwin, an exegete 
.-hardly second to Chillingworth. 1885 PLuMprrRE Sfir. 
in Prison 364 Unrivalled as an exegete of Scripture. , 

|| Exegetes (cksidzrtiz). [a. Gr. énynris: 
see prec.] (See quots.) 

1846 Grote Greece 1. i. I. 83 The exegetes or local guide 
and interpreter belonging to each temple..recounted to 
curious strangers these traditional narratives. Zdid. (1854) 
I. 381 The Theban exeg: assured Pausanias of this fact. 

Exegetic (eksidze'tik), a. and sd. [ad. Gr. 
efnynticds, f. éényéecOar: see Exucusis. Cf. Fr. 
ep teu] A. adj. 

. = Execericat. Const. of. 

1655-60 Srantey /ist. Philos. (1701) 175/1 Of Platonick 
discourse there are two kinds Hyphegetick, and Exegetick. 
1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 187 Plato oft... joins them 
{Law and Order] together as exegetic each of other. 1801 
W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XII. 577 It is .. behind the 
present state of exegetic knowledge. 1837 Cartyte /. 
Rev. i. 1. iv, This strange autograph Letter the National 
Assembly decides ..on transmitting to the Eighty-three 
Departments, with exegetic commentary. 1841 G. S. FABER 
Provinc. Lett. (1844) I. 206 note, The etiam is exegetic 
and explanatory of what Reinerius had said just before. 

2. Alg. [after mod.L. exegeticus, so used by Vieta 
in 1600.] The distinctive epithet of Vieta’s pro- 
cess (see ExEGESIS 2) for the solution of equations. 

1843 De Morcan in Penny Cycl. XXV. 317 His [Vieta’s] 


extension of the antient rules for division and extraction of | 


the square and cube roots to the exegetic process for the 
solution of all equations. 
B. sb. 1.=Gr. efnynrtinh (7éyv7) (see quot.). 

1838 Sir W. Hamitton Logic xxxiv. (1866) II. 199 The 
Art of Interpretation, called. .technically Hermeneutic or 
Exegetic. ; 

2. pl. (after Gr. rd efnyntind) = Exegetical 
theology: see EXEGETICAL. 

1 J.-H. Newman Scope Univ. Educ. 17 Aquila, Sym- 
machus..have supplied materials for primitive exegetics. 
1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. IV. 310 An uncommonly frugal 
rate of board, for a man skilled in Hermeneutics, Hebraics 
-Exegetics, etc. 

Ti Aras (eks#dgetikal),@. [fas prec. +-AL.] 

+1. Of the nature of a gloss; explanatory. 
Const. of, fo. Obs. 

a 1623 W. Pemate Exp. Zachary (1629) 115 This Exege- 
ticall interpretation of this place sounds harshly. 1642 W. 
Price Servm. 32 The one verse is exegeticall to the other. 
1666 J. SmitH Old Age (ed. 2) 135 Life, and soul, and 
spirit, are..often made exegetical one of another. 1721 
Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 553, 1 take this proposition to be 
exegetical. ra 

2. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of exegesis, 
exposition or interpretation; esf. of the Scrip- 
tures; expository. “xegetical theology: that branch 
of theological learning which deals with the inter- 
pretation of the Scriptures and the subjects there- 
with connected ; = Zxegetics. 

1838-9 Haram //ist. Lit. (1864) IV. ii. 1v. 57 In the. .exe- 
getical theology, the English divines had ocas taken a 
conspicuous station. 1844 STantey Arnold (1858) I. iii. 

tical instruction .. conveyed..in a practical or 
etical shape. 1862 H. J. Rose in Replies to Ess. § Rev. 
¢ has attributed to Jerome exegetical absurdities. 

3. Of or pertaining to exegetics, 

1884 Nonconf. § Indep. 14 Feb. 157/1 Exegetical study is 
not new tohim. 


Exegetically (eks/dzetikali), adv. [f. prec. 


148 
exe; 
120 


+-Ly4.] In an exegetical manner: +a. By way 
of gloss or explanation. Os. b. In an expository 
manner. 


@1638 Mepe Chr. Sacrif. iv. Wks. 1. 361 Here you see 
Oblations and _ Eucharists exegetically joined together. 
1659 Pearson Creed I. 201 The ‘form Bia servant’ exe- 

etically continued ‘in the likeness of man’. @x710 Br. 
ure Wks. (1713) I. 200 This is not added exegetically, or by 
way of Exposition. 1845 R. Jens in Lxcycl. Metrop. (1847) 
II, 675/t The science of jurisprudence properly admits of 
—_ treated in four different ways, philosophically, didac- 
tically or dogmatically, and exegetically. 

Exege'tist (eksidgrtist). [f Gr. éfnyn7-ns 
(see EXEGETE) +-IsT.] = EXEGETE 3. 

1848 Geo. Exror in Z7/ iii. (1887) 101, I speak toan experi- 
enced exegetist. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 
640 Diodorus .. was, as an exegetist, one of the masters of 
the Antiochian school. 

Exeime, obs. form of EXEME v. Sc. 

Exelent, obs. form of ExcELLENT. 

Exeleutherostomize, v. xonce-wd. [as if ad. 
Gr. *éferevBepooropi¢-ewv, f. & out + ér€vOepos free 
+aréya mouth.] ¢rans. To speak out freely. 

ra Bapuam //a/ieut. 181 The heroes of the Iliad—shall 
we hide it to live, or exeleutherostomize it and die ?—are 
for the most part boors. 

Exeltree, obs. form of AXLE-TREE. 

Exembryonate (ekse-mbrijdneit), a. Bot. [f. 
Ex- pref.l + med.L. embrydn-em + -ate.] 

1866 Zveas. Bot., Exembryonate, a name given to cryp- 
sane in consequence of their spores not containing an 
embryo. 

+ Exe'me, v. Chiefly Sc. Obs. Also 6-9 ex- 
eem(e, 7 exeime, exime. [ad. L. exim-ére, f. ex- 
out + emére to take. Forthe phonology cf. vedeen.] 

1. tvans. To set free, release: a. from a pay- 


397 


ment, an obligation, from obcdience to (a law, 
tule, etc.) ;= EXEMPT v. 4a and b. 

1563 Davivson Answ. Kennedy in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 
(1844) 251 The Gentiles that belevis is exemit fra the Law of 
Moyses. 1639 Procl. Chas. I. Scotl. 2 [We] eximed all 
ministers at their entry from giving any other oath than, 
etc, a1657 Sir J. Barrour Ann. Scot, (1824-5) II. 28 
All knowen merchants .. wer exeimed from taking this 
othe. 1733 P. Linpsay /xterest Scot. 174 So many of them 
[foreign Materials] as are used at publick Bleach-fields, 
should be exeemed from the Payment of Duty. 1814 Scotr 
Wav. xii, He hath no title to be exeemed from the obliga- 
tions of the code of politeness. 

b. from pain, a penalty, etc.; also simply ;= 
EXEMPT 2, 4c. 

1578 in Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. v1. (1677) ie Nor 
doth it agree with the Scripture that they should be ex- 
eemed from the correction of their brethren. 1585 Commend. 
Verses in Fas. I’s Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 10 My minde exemed 
was from caire. 1637 GitLespie Exg.-Pop. Cerem. 1. vii. 
29 His Majesties Auctority, did. .exeeme the affirmers from 
the paines of probation. 1647 H. More Song of Sou u. 111. 
1v. ii, _It no man can exeem from miseries, 1716 J. Row 
in Wodrow Corr, (1843) II. 135 He had paid his cess; yet 
this exeemed him not. 

2. To take away, remove ; also, to select, except 

Srom ;= EXEMPT v. 1, 2. 

@ 1605 Montcomenrie A/isc. Poems xvii. 59 Beuties freshest 
florish, fair, Exemed clene from Loves lair. 1640 Canterd. 
Self-Convict. 63 They exeeme all tenets controverted this 
day among any Christians from being the Subject of heresie. 
a 1651 Catperwoop //ist. Kirk (1843) LI. 342 She did what 
she could to exeme all feare and doubts out of his minde. 
1688 Ess. on Magistracy in Harl. Misc. (1808) I. 5 Express 
liberty is a stipulation, whereby some things are by express 
paction eximed from the power of the Sovereign. A 

+ Evxemie, a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. extmd-us 
distinguished, f. eximére: see prec. Cf. OF. ex- 
emme.| Excellent, illustrious. 

1497 Br. Atcock Jlons Perfect. Aij 4 The exemie pro- 
phete Ysay exhorteth al mankynde. 

Exempill, obs. form of ExampLe. 

+ Exe-mplable, ¢. Oés.  [ad. med.L. exem- 
plabilis, f. exemplar EXEMPLAR sb.] ‘That may 
be imitated’ (Bailey 1721-61). 1775 in Asn. 

Exemplar (egze'mplaz), sb. Forms: 4-5 ex- 
emplaire, -ayre, 5-6 exemplare, 5- exemplar. 
[ME. exemplaire, a. OF. exemplaire: see EXAM- 
PLAR. The mod. form is partly a descendant of 
this, partly an adoption of L. exemplar, -adre, sb., 
orig. neut. of exemplarts adj. : see next.] 

1. A person or thing which serves as a model 
for imitation; an example. Formerly also, +a 
pattern for work: cf. SAMPLER. 

1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 5 In this tyme .. thexem- 
plares of acciones spectable scholde not be patent. 1490 
Caxton Eneydos xi. (1890) 41 [Nature] hathe produced hym 
[Aeneas] for to make one fayer chief werke to thexemplayre 
of alle other. 1530 Patscr. 157 Vue exemple, an exemplar 
for a woman to worke by. 1549 Latimer Serm. bef 
Edw. VI (Arb.) 109 Christ is the .. patrone and the exem- 
plar, that all preachers oughte to folowe. 1694 PomFRET 
Poems, Death Q. Mary 128 Him for her high exemplar she 
design’d. 1744 Epitaph in Brand Hist, Newcastle (1789) 
J. 676 His Master's presence will reward... his virtues by 
amore intimate converse with the great Exemplar. 1793 
T. Maurice Jud, Antig. (1805) I. 105 It is impossible for 
the artist to deviate from the exemplar before him. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed, 2) V. 25 The Republic is .. the pattern 
of all other states and the exemplar of human life. 

b. = Exampte 3b. Obs. rare. 

1393 Gower Conf. II. 31 Fulfilled of slouthes exemplaire 
There is yet one his secretaire, And he is cleped negligence. 

2. The model, pattern, or original after which 
something is made; an archetype whether real or 
ideal. 

@1618 Rateicu (J.), The idea and exemplar of the world 
was first in God. 1651 Raleigh's Ghost 158 Christ was like 
to Moses, as .. the Exemplar, or Sample Tis] to the image. 
1725 Watts Logic 1. iii. § 3 Real ideas are such as .. have 
real objects or exemplars, which did, or do. .actually exist. 
1829 Jas. Mitt Hum. Mind (1869) I. viii. 251 The external 
po ee according to which individual things were made. 
1882 Farrar Zarly Chr, I. 269 A spiritual world, which 
was the archetype and exemplar of the visible. 

8. An instance, example; a parallel instance, a 
parallel. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 26 It doth give me not 
only an undeniable evidence, but an exemplar in analogy 
and explication, 1863 Gro. Exior Romolat. vi, Those fri- 
volous productions of which Luigi Pulci has furnished the 
most peccant exemplar. 1866 H. Puiturrs Amer. Paper 
Curr, Il. 11 Modern history is not wanting in exemplars. 

4. A typical instance; a type, specimen (of a 
class) ; a typical embodiment or personification (of 
a quality, system, etc.). 

1656 SANDERSON Serv. (1689) 131 There is scarce to be 
found such another complete eo of a wicked Magis- 


trate [as Caius Verres]. 1676 Soutn Serm. Worldly 
Wisd. (1715) I. 340 Cromwell..the..grand Exemplar of 
Hypocrisy. 1744 Harris Three Treat. mt. u. (1765) 216 


An Offer to paint them a Helen,as a Model and Exemplar 
of the most exquisite Beauty. 182 WoopnouseE Astron. 
xxiv. 258 A kind of sample and exemplar of almost all As- 
tronomical processes. 1837 TuirtwaLt Greece IV. xxxv. 
361 Sisyphus, the legen exemplar of cunning. 1862 
Srantey Yew. Ch, (1877) I. xvii, 323 They are the true 
exemplars of the grasping and worldly clergy of all ages. 
31868 Heirs Realmah xii. (1876) 309 The friendship be- 
tween a dog and a man is the highest form and exemplar of 
friendship, 


EXEMPLARINESS. 
5. A ‘copy’ of a book, etc. 


1539 TAaverNER Bible Pref., To amend the same [default] 
according to the true exemplars. 1570 BiLLincsLey Euclid 
xv. Introd. 431 In the Greke exemplars are found in this 
. booke only 5 propositions. 1665 Pil. Trans. 1. 102 

is second Tome, whereof he lately presented some Exem- 

lars to his Friends. 1864 Hazuirr £. P. Poetry IV. 1 

any pamphlets .. remain to us only in a single exemplar. 
3875 Scrivener Lect. Grk. Test. i. 4 All exemplars of the 
same edition resemble each other. 

+ Exemplar, a. Os. Also 5 exemplair(e, 
7 exemplare. [ad. (either through F. exemplaire or 
directly) L. exemplar-is (see -an}), f. exemplum.] 

1, Typical; = Exemprary a. 2. 

1570 Der Math. Pref. 3 The Exemplar Number of all 
thinges Numerable. ar Davenant To the Queen 
Poems (1673) 246 That Sand ’s th’exemplar Seed, by which 
we know How th’ Hour’s of the ensuing Year will grow. 

2. Of a penalty ; = EXEMPLARY a. 3. 

1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza’s China 92 Coockoldes .. are 
punished with exemplar punishments. 1626 IT’. H. Caussin’s 
Holy Crt. 414 If he were found culpable of such a villany, 
he would inflict an exemplar punishment vpon him. 1639 
G. Danie Ecclus. xix. 10 He shall be worne with ranke 
Infirmities, Corrupt, and made Exemplar to the Eyes Of 
other Men. 1656 CowLey Davideis 1. 120 Ely’s curs’d 
House th’ exemplar Vengeance bears Of all their Blood. 

8. Likely to become an example or precedent; 
extraordinary, flagrant; = EXEMPLARY a. 4. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, i. xxiii. § 6 One judicial and ex- 
emplar iniquity in the face of the world doth trouble the 
fountains of justice more than [etc.]. @ 1634 Cuapman Rev. 
Honour Wks. (1873) III. 331 That which on others would 
be fitting justice, On..your..son wil be exemplar crueltie. 

4. = Exemprary 6. 

©1475 Partenay 6377 Thys lady full swete and ryght de- 
bonair, To all other lades exemplair. a1g00 Flower & 
Leaf \xxii, The nine crowned be very exemplaire, Of all 
honour longing to chivalry. 1603 FLorio Montaigne (1634) 
3 Having with an unmatched countenance and exemplar 
constancie endured these two affronts. 1621 Donne Serie. 
xxi, 205 Exemplar men that might be our patterns for 
sobriety. 1683 Loud. Gaz. No. 1864/1 Your Exemplar and 
happy Government in Church and State. 1706 De For 
Jure Div. xu. 273 Exemplar Vertue took the Reins in 
Hand. 1739‘ R.Butv’ tr. Grobianus 39 Like his thy Life, 
like his thy Manners be; And shine exemplar to Posterity. 

b. Having the force of an example. 

1642 Cuas. I. dusw. Petit. Lds. & Com. 17 Fune 6 The 
Fidelity. .of His good Subjects of this County, which He 
hopes will prove exemplar over His whole Kingdom. 

Hence + Exe‘mplarly adv., by means of ex- 
ample; in an exemplary or signal manner. 

1626 T. H. Caussin’s Holy Crt. (1634) Aijb, A Pious 
Queene, who exemplarly maketh good, what diffusedly 
is heere handled. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. 
xii. (1848) 413. Duty which lieth .. more eminently and ex- 
emplarly on the Ministers of the Gospel. 

E:xemplaric, a. vave. [f. Exempuar sd, + -1¢.] 
Serving as an exemplar. 

1836 G. S. Faser Election (1842) 311 The typical or exem- 
plaric Election of the Israelites under the Law. 

Exemplarily (for pronunc. cf. Exemriary), 
adv. Also 7 -aryly. [f. ExempLary a. + -LY?.] 
In an exemplary manner. 

+1. In various obs. senses: As an example, pat- 
tern, or archetype; by way of example or illustra- 
tion; signally, conspicuously, Cf. EXEMPLARY 
2; 4, B= 
1634 Sin T. Herpert 7vav. (1677) 114 These wild dogs 
., Vary their species; as exemplarily we see in the In- 
dian Ounce, which is the product of an Europzan cat. 
@1677 Barxow Ws. 1686 11. 341 Hence .. he could .. de- 
scribe an exact copy of righteousness for us to transcribe ; 
shewing us exemplarily how as men we should behave our 
selves. 1678 Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. 503 Considerations of 
the Deity as vertually and exemplarily conteining all things. 
1683 E. Hooker Pref Ep. to Pordage’s Mystic Div. 21 
Sin is not only..in private, connived at..but autoritativly, 
exemplarily and Diabolicly, in public, countenanced. 
@ 1703 Burkitr Ox NV. 7. Luke vi. 19 How rare it is to find 
those who are eminently great, exemplarily good? 

2. By way of deterrent example or warming. 

1627 Hakewitt 4 fol. iv. xiv. 1 (1630) 503 Some he punish- 
eth exemplarilyin the world 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1952/3 His 
Excellency.. being resolved to have the promoters of these 
Tumults exemplarily punished. 1774 WitKes Corr. (1805) 
IV. 180 The perfidy of the French, and the treachery of the 
Dutch, were exemplarilychastised. 1880 Sata in /d/ust. Lond, 
News 18 Dec. 587 Their leaders.. were exemplarily hanged. 

3. So as to deserve imitation. 

161r Cotcr. Lxemplairement, exemplarily; for others to 
follow, or to take example by. 1625 Donne Serm. iii. 20 
Such as were noted to be exemplarily religious and sanc- 
tified men. 1754 RicHARDSON Grandison (1781) III. ix. 62 
Mrs. Oldham. .lived now very happily and very exemplarily. 
1858 Hottanp Jitcomé’s Lett. 1. 173 The cast iron hus- 
band. .provides for his family exemplarily. 1876 Bancrorr 
Hist. U. S.1. viii. 226 Exemplarily faithful to his country 
and to its prince. 


Exemplariness (for pronunc. cf. Exrm- 
PLARY). Also 7-8 examplariness. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being exemplary. 

1. The quality of being worthy of imitation ; 
fitness to serve as a model for imitation. 

1650 Davenant Gondibert Pref., Wit ..is, in Divines, 
Humility, Examplariness [edd. 1651, 1673 Exemplariness], 
and Moderation. 1 Arrersury Disc Lady Cutis 10 
The Exemplariness of her Behaviour call’d off the Eyes of 
several to observe it. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. II. 619 The 
examplariness of her conduct. did. IV. 337 The exem- 


plariness of their lives, 1883 Scuarr Excycl. Relig. Knowl. 


EXEMPLARITY. 


II. 973/2 [P. Beers} remembered for the purity and ex- 
emplariness of his life. E 

+2. The quality of being likely to be taken as 
an example ; prominence. Ods. 

1665 Boye Occas. Ref. w. xii, The exemplariness and 
influence as well of their [kings’] vices as of their virtues. 

em. ty (egzempleeriti). [f. L. exem- 
plar-is + -vry. Cf. Fr. exemplarité.] The quality 
of being exemplary. Cf. Exempnaky a. 3 and 6. 

1. The quality of being fit to serve as a model 
or pattern for imitation; exemplary conduct; 
exemplariness ; also, an instance of such conduct. 

1619 Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent (1676) 134 His Holi- 
ness should send ten or twelve Prelates .. men rare, of ex- 
—s and learning. 1 . Gooowin Fighting agst. 
God 39 Such exemplarities of life and conversation, which 
are sanctified and appointed by God. 168x H. More £-xf. 
Dan. iv, 127 gate, Joon, having by the exemplarity of his 
Life .. drawn the eyes of all so upon him. 1789 BenTHAM 
Princ Legisl. xvii § 13 The properties of exemplarity and 
frugality seem to pursue the same immediate end though by 
different courses. 1868 Browninc Ring §& Bk, xu. 271 
Defunct in faith and exemplarity. | 

+2. The quality or fact of acting as an example 
or pattern. Ods 

a 1677 Barrow Wks. 1686 III. 33 Some performances [of 
our Lord]..were done for exemplarity. 

+ 8. The quality or fact of acting as an example 
or warning. Ods. 

1648 CromweLt Let. 21 Sept. (Carlyle', I hope the exem- 
plarity of justice will testify for us our great detestation of 
the fact. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. w. iv. § 11 Not 
upon any direct account of justice, but. . for terrorand exem- 
plarit : f 

+ Exe'mplarize, v. Obs. vare—'. [f. Exem- 
PLAR+-1ZE.] ‘To illustrate by example. 

Hence Exemplarizing ///. a. 

1652 GAuLE Magastrom. 103 ‘The historizing or exemplar- 
izing [»isprinted exemplanizing] Astrologers. 

Exemplary (egze'mplari, e,gzemplari), a. and 
adv, Also 6-7 exemplarie, 6-9 examplary, 7 
exempleary. [f. late L. exemplar-zs (see EXEM- 
PLAR a, and -ary?), f. exemplum.] <A. adj. 

+1. Of or pertaining to an example; furnishing 
examples. Obs. 

1623 CockeraM, Exemfplarie, of or belonging to an ex- 
ample. 1640 J. Masse (¢it/e) Cervantes’ Exemplarie No- 
vells. ae R. Hotpswortn in Spurgeon 7reas. Dav. 
Ps. cxxiii. 2 It is an exemplary particle, to stir them [men] 
up to do the like. 1 7 in Cotes. 1822 (tite) The 
Exemplary Novels of M. de Cervantes Saavedra. 

2. That may serve as a specimen or type; in a 
typical form ; typical. 

1614 SELDEN Jitles Hon. 5, 1 allow, that a Family .. was 
as an exemplary Monarchie. 1670 Mitton //ist. Eng. 1. 
(1851) 94 This third Book having to tell of accidents various 
and exemplary. 1683 tr. Erasmus’ Morie Enc. 31 The 
two Cato’s are exemplary instances. 1878 Ruskin Notes on 
Turner 72 Four exemplary drawings he. . [Turner] made for 
specimens. — , : 

b. Serving for an illustration ; illustrative. 

1639 Futter Holy War v. xxiv. (647) 271 Exemplary is 
the Coat of George Villiers Duke of Buckingham; five 
Scallop-shells on a plain Crosse, speaking his predecessours 
valour in the Holy warre. 1817 W. TayLorin Monthly Rev. 
LXXXII. 82 Collecting exemplary passages which can only 
assist a reader to infer the meaning of a word by induction. 

3. Of a penalty, damages, etc.: Such as may 
serve for a warning, or act as a deterrent. 

_ Knotites Hist. Turks (1638) 196 The Christians 
sent by Lazarus. .suffered many of them exemplary punish- 
ment. a 166r Futter Worthies (1840) III. 99 His justice 
was exemplary on thieves and robbers. 1734 tr. Noélin's 
Anc. Hist. (1827) III. vir. Ta He took an exemplary ven- 
geance. 1809 Observer 7 May, From the frequency of this 
offence, it became necessary to punish it with exemplary 
severity. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. Il. App. 672 The 
plaintiff, in addition to the actual damage, may .. recover 
oxeenpery damages. 

+b. Phrases: Zo de exemplary: to become a 
warning. Zo make (a person, also a thing) exem- 
plary: to make an example of. Odés. 

1sgt LamBarveE A rcheion (1635) 181 These offences might 
be made exemplary and aie oy Poe other men. 1658-9 
Burton's Diary (1828) 111. 251 Let him be exemplary in his 
punishment. Send him to the Tower, and fine him rooo/. 
1669 Lond Gaz. No. 411/4 The Ring-leaders in the late 
Tumult, whom he i ds to make plary. x . 
L’Esrrance Josephus’ Axntig. ww. ii. (1733) 79 That dark 
Way of Proceeding ought to be made exemplary in time. 

4. Of a kind to become an example, liable to be 
turned into a precedent. Hence in weaker sense : 
Such as to attract notice; remarkable, extraordinary, 
signal, arch. 

1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xx. (Arb.) 58 The good 
and bad of Pky en is more exem wright in-o the priuate 
persons. 1 HAPMAN Yuvenal 185 A lamprey of an ex- 
emplary size, That for dimension bears the prize from all. 
1649 Setpen Laws Lng. ui. iii. (1739) 18 Such crimes as 
are contrary to .. the publick profit or peace, in a more ex- 
npr way than ordinary. 1718 Prior Solomon u. vd 
From this abyss of exemplary vice Resolv'd ..to rise. 
Gen. P. Tuomrson Z.xerc. (1842) I. 137 There was nobody 
that made a more exemplary bawling ie the constable. 

5. Of things: Serving as a model or pattern, 
after which something may be made; archetypal. 

1594 Hooker Lccé, Pol. 1. iii. 8 We are not of opinion.. 
that nature in working hath before her certaine exemplary 
draughts or patternes. 1659 H. L’Esrrance Alliance Div. 

OG: 409 So that what Osmund intended peculiarly for his 


398 
own use soomekey to others. 1702 Lond. Gaz. 
No. 3809/8 An exem nvoice, for those at Sea 


fficient! pee & 
pV. 7. Set. 1G 
have been considered 


ng. Poesie 1, xix. (Arb.) 5 The good 
former ages. 
ine, and 


Lives and memorable Acts of nine the most worthy Women 
of the World. 1663 Gersier Counsel Aja, Your Sordship 
hath been aor to better Building. 1709 STEELE 
Tatler No. 104 ® 3 This Lady lived several Years an Ex- 
saelery Pattern of Conjugal Love. 1848 Macautay Hist. 
Eng. 11. 92 He was a man of learning and fervent piety.. 
and an exempl: parish priest. 1883 W. R. S, Ratston 
in 194 Cent. XIII. 88 Popular tales are, as a general rule, 
provided with exemplary morals. 

Hence + b. Excellent, peiert, Obs. 

1644 Butwer Chirol. 11 The most faithfull guide to the 
exemplary knowledge of any matter of Fact. 

+ B. adv. In an exemplary manner ; to an ex- 
emplary degree ; so as to be exemplary. Odés. 

1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met., Life 3 Continuing to the end 
exemplarie faithfull. 1658 A. Fox tr. Wurts’ Surg. 1. iii. 8 
Such Surgeons..deserve to be punished severely and ex- 
emplary. 1729 Morcan Adgiers I. iv. 74 That good Pastor 
{S. Augustine] persuaded him to live exemplary in his Sta- 
tion. 1772 Wiixkes Corr. (1805) IV. 139 Our captain. .had 
been exemplary humane and good. 

ay may aty, sb. Obs. [ad. late L. exem- 
plarium (whence Fr. exemplaire: see EXAMPLER), 
f. exemplum EXAMPLE.) 

1. a. A type or figure. b. A typical instance, 
an example. c. An example, pattern of conduct. 

c 1430 Lypc. Bochas I. viii. 118 (1558) 15 a/1 Let Zisara be 
your examplary. /éid. II. xxii. 7. er An examplary 
of porte & maner. 1579 Furke /eskins’ Parl. 374 Basill 
calleth breade & wine avtitura, or exemplaria, exemplaries 
of the bodie and bloud of Christ. 1 Sruppes Anat. 
Abus. B vj, The pride of apparel remaining in sight, as an 
exemplary of evill. " 

2. a. A ‘copy’ of a book; = EXEMPLAR sd. 5. 
b. A copy or transcript (of a writing). 

1538 Lecanp /tin. I. p. xix, Parte of the examplaries. -hath 
beene imprinted yn Germany. 1548 Upa.t Erasm. Par., 
Luke Pref. 5 b, The Latine exemplaries .. do vary and not 
well agree. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 29 The ex- 
emplary of Demetrius his request to the King was this: 
Great sir, Since [etc.]. 1706 A. Beprorp Temple Mus. vii. 
143 Moses had ordered the Kings a Copy of the Law. The 
Exemplary of the Temple was taken away. 

+Exemplate. Os. rare—'. [ad. late L. ex- 
emplat-um, neut. pa. pple. of exemplare: see 
next.] Something made after an exemplar or pat- 
tern. Contrasted with exemp/ar. 

1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 321 The Divine Essence, 
which representes al things; as an Exemplar directes the 
operation of God in producing the Exemplates or things 
formed according thereunto. 

+ Exemplate, v. Olds. rare. [f. late L. exem- 
plat-, ppl. stem of exemplare ‘to example’ (in 
various senses), f. exemplum EXAMPLE.) trans. To 
show by examples. 

c1601 W. Watson Decacordon 193 Might it be without 
offence to exemplate out of Parsons Philopater by what 
meanes the change of religion came, I could, etc. 

+Exemplative, a. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. ex- 
empl-um EXAMPLE sb.; cf. figurative.) Furnish- 
ing an example. 

c1450 Henryson Mor. Fad, 84 The sentence was fructuous 
and agreable, In Moralitie exemplatiue prudent. 

Exemple, -er, obs. ff. EXAMPLE, -ER, 

Exemplifiable (egze:mplifoi‘ab’l), a. rare. 
[f. EXeMPLIFY +-ABLE.] That may be exemplified. 

1807 Coteripce Lit, Rem. (1836) I, 263 The psycholo- 
gical cause is easily stated, and copiously exemplifiable. 
1864 in WessTeR; and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Exe'mplificate, v. Os. rare—1. [f. med.L. 
exemplificat- ppl. stem of exemplificdre : see Ex- 
EMPLIFY.] ¢vans, = EXEMPLIFY 8. 

187787 oLinsHeD Chron. ILI. 1124/1 The words whereof 
for the more euidence, I thought here to exemplificat. 

+ Exe'mplificate, ». Ods. rare—'. [ad. med. 
L, *exemplificatum, neut. of pa. pple. of exempli- 
ficare: see sage A copy, transcript. 

1577 Harrison England u. xxv. (1877) 1. 365 Sundrie ex- 
emplificats of the grants are yet to be seene in writing. 

Exemplification (egze:mplifiké{an). —_[a. 
AF. exemplification, ad. med.L, exemplification-em, 
n, of action f. exemplificdre: see pax aoe F 

1, The action of exemplifying ; showing or illus- 
trating by example; an instance of this, J ex- 
emplification of : so as to peng 2 

1548 Hatt Chron, Hen, VIII. an. 22 For the more exem- 

lification of the same, he sent the Lorde de Roche with 

letters of credence. 1631 Gouce God's Arrows ut. § 1. 179 


EXEMPLIFY, 


laid down. 
2. That which exemplifies, or serves as an illus- 


—— of a law, general principe statement, etc. 


Burton Scot. Adr, 11. i. 60 I H 
be oe Scot. . hag n exemplification of some 


1582 G. Martin in Fudke’, fence (1843) As is plain 
by the exemplification emidiately fied ot ing, and 
dukes, and other sent or inted by him. x650 - 
FIELD chon i Let ‘le be .. @ counterpart or exem- 

ification of 


book of religion. M Popul. 
Uissy) 1. se An coomplidcaliga Bb the cbvious eruily that 


[1382 Act 1 Rich. IJ, c. 4 Quodque exemplificaciones ille 
.-ejusdem sint vigoris..sicut..munimenta illa forent. 1429 
Act 8 Hen. VI, c. 12 Saunz ascun rasure en une mesme 
yore sy emer sy, lification & ene. ] 

ct 34-5 Hen. Ae, uery exemplificacion 
vpon any recorde. .shall be aT with the Ki iudiciall 
seale. 1653 in Somers Tracts (1795) II. 538 To the Masters 


of the Chancery for every Skin of an Exemplifi- 
cation of a Record. Re Z i eccsuiaen Hist. Coll. 


Mass. 11. 212 An exemplification of Burgess’s commission 
was obtained. 1884 Roscoe's Law ae (ed. 15) gt 
An plification produced from the proper custody. .is 


evidence. 

+ 4. 2A setting forth at length. Ods. 

1588 J. H[arvey] Disc. Probleme 54 But which of them 
were the originall record of the maker, or phantastical ex- 
emplification of the writer. .it is to little purpose to know. 

ence Exe:mplifica‘tional a., of or pertaining 
to exemplification. 

1826 Bentuao in Westm. Rev. V. 498 Case to which the 
exemplificational [shape of a code] more particularly applies, 
that of an as yet only pr 


‘oposed cod: 
Exemplificative (egce'mplifikitiv), a. Tend- 


this truism .. the still frequent onslaughts on reliable are 
noticeably exem lificative. 

Exemplificator (egze'mplifikei:tax). rare—". 
[a. med.L. exemplificator, agent-n. f. exemplificare 
(see EXEMPLIFY).] An exemplifier, exemplar. 

1832 Fraser's Mag. V1. 604 Byron is the least exemplifi- 
cator of this. ee 

Exemplified (egze'mplifsid), Af/. a. [f. Ex- 
EMPLIFY + -ED!.] In the senses of the verb. 
a. That has been copied out; of which an attested 
copy has been made. b. Made into an example; 
notorious. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 45 Your exemplified 
discourse. 1638 in Harw: Lichfield (1806) 482 ap- 
peareth See old exemplified lease. 1660 Bove Seraphic 
Love 72 Wonders wrought for a generation that .. ascrib’d 
them to the Devil, and return’d them with so exemplifi'd an 
Ingratitude. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), E-remplified, cleared, 
proved or confirmed by an example or instance ; also, copied 
out from a deed or writing. 

Eremplifior (egze'mplifsijaz). [f. as prec. + 
-ER1, ne who exemplifies. 

1552 Hutoet, Exemplifier, or he that foloweth the example 
of others, ascriftor. ax1677 Barrow Serm. 11. xlv. 374 
Jesus (the Author, Master, and Exemplifyer of these doc- 
trines). 1775 in Asu. 1832in Wesster; and in mod. Dicts, 


Exem ey ( ‘mplifai), v. Also 5-6 ex- 
carpiite [ad. Bi exemplifi-care, f. exemplum 
EXAMPLE + -ficare: see -FY. 

+1. ¢rans. To instruct by example, set a (good) 
example to. Also adsol. Obs. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. xxxv, Priestes .. should the 
worlde exemplefye With good doctryne of perfection. 1513 
Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 2299 To instructe and informe 


and to —r 
+2. trans, To make an example of (a person). 
1632 B. Jonson Magn. Lady w. iv, Your exemplified 


+8. To set an example of, exhibit a model of. 
1649 Setpen Laws Eng. u. xii 
ever 


charity then they exemplify to them. 

+4. To fashion aft 

1579 Furxe Heskins' Parl. 7p ey make the bod 
ee oe he. Life gap) LiL 576 Those outward In 

«ScoTT . T je 
H ified. p the i 

fram’d of him in their own Fancies. 

+5. To adduce, allege, quote, use as an example. 
To exemplify to; to compare to by way of ex- 
ample or specimen. Zo exemplify to be: to quote 
by way of example as being. Ods. 

1s09 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1. xiii, For ph Fn hym 


D. Cc Ros. (1717) 39 
so exemplyfied. rie ANIEL Compl. ps ofa. re 


lified to an estate at this 


. be Hf 
uoderstanding sabe may be 00 Eset a Gee 


day allowed. 164: Mitton CA. 


Before the particular of the foresaid p 4 lifie the malapert insolence of our owne 

the Issue thereof is inserted. 1779-81 Jounson Z. P., Ad- | 1649 Serven Laws Eng, 1. \xii. (1739) 124 cane: S- 
dison Wks. III. 87 The mention of another like consequence | emplifies Sedition and destruction of to be in 
from a like cause..is not a simile, but an exemplification. | equal degree a Wound of Majesty. . WAKEFIELD 
1809 CoLertpce Friend (1865) 20 So much in proof and ex- | Exam. Paine's Age of Reason sito exemplify their morality 
emplification of the probable expediency of pious di i in d to that of the gospel. 


( ES 


EXEMPLY. 


+b. absol. To find precedents, excuse oneself 
by example. Ods, 

I Daniet Civ. Wares 1. xcvii, That our times might 
not have t’ exemplifie with aged staines. 

6. (The current sense.) a. To illustrate by ex- 
amples ; to find or furnish an example or instance 
of. Occas. with sentence as o/. 

©1430 Lyne. in Pod., Rel. §& L. Poems (1866) 46, I exempli- 
fye by kyndly prouidence Bewte wyll shew thow hornys be 
away. 1888 Fraunce (¢/t/e), Lawiers Logike, exemplifying 
the pracepts of Logike by the practice of the Common 
Lawe, pe en Heacey St. Aug. Citie of God 214 His desire 
of .. armes and war wherby to exemplifie his valour. 1637 
Guttesrre Eng. Pop. Cerent. u. iii. 18, 1 will really exam- 
plify that which I say. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. 
vi. 22 How far they exceeded, may beexemplified from Palz- 

hatus, in his bask of fabulous narrations, 1668 Barrow in 

igaud Corr. Sct. Men (1841) II. 48 The rules I sent you 
concerning the Eyperbele tl cannot well exemplify. 1752 
Jounson Rambler No. 208 P 3, I have rarely exemplified my 
assertions by living characters. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 
II. v. viii. 683 A completeness never before exemplified. 
1864 Br. or Lincotn Charge 8 Its Principal .. has exem- 
plified to its pupils how labor best prospers when it is the 
labor of love. 1869 Puitiirs Veswv. ii. 31 Nor is it the 
earliest style of wall .. exemplified in Mycena. 


b. To be or serve as an example of. 

1793 Beppors Math, Evid. 147 The mode of expression 
of children and Africans frequently exemplifies this remark. 
1845 MeCuttocn Taxation u1. vi. (1852) 277 The roads in the 
Highlands exemplify the correctness of thisstatement. 1860 
TYNDALL Glac. 1. xxx. 406 The third action is exemplified 
by the state of the rails near a station, etc. 1878 C. Sranrorp 
Symb. Christ i. 31 The principle which the ancient payment 
of tithes exemplified. ; 

ec. intr. To quote examples or instances by way 
of illustration. + 70 exemplify in, of:=‘to in- 
stance in’, i. e. to cite (something) as an instance. 

1582 G. Martin in Fulke Def (1843) 213 Suppose he had 
exemplified of the two condemned heretics, Jovinian and 
Vigilantius also. 1587 Harrison Exgland u. v. (1877) 1. 
136, I could exemplifie also in manie other. 1598 R. 

AYDOCKE tr. Lomazzo on Painting II. 157 And thus, if I 
woulde inlarge my discourse, I might exemplifie in the light 
passing through a glasse ful of red wine. 1619 Brent tr. 
Sarpi's Hist. Counc. Trent. (1676) 590 He exemplified in 
Darius, who, etc. 164r Be. Hatt Misch. Faction Rem. 
Wks. (1660) 66 It were to no purpose to exemplifie, where 
the instances are numberlesse. 

7. To make an official copy of ; esf, to make an 
attested copy of (a legal document) under an 


official seal. 

1523 Fitzuers. Surv. 20 b, Any partie .. may... haue a 
copye .. exemplyfied vnder the seale of offyce of the same 
place. 158r Act 23 Eliz. c. 3 § 3 Fines... shall be exempli- 
fied under the Great Seal of England. 1603 Hottanp 
Plutarch’s Mor. 928 He proposed .. that their tragcedies 
should be exemplified et engrossed faire. 1687 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 2277/4 The Laws for the preservation of the 
Spawn and Spatt of Oysters..were Signed and Exem- 
plified under the Seal of the High Court of Admiralty. 
1710 Jbid. No. 4735/4 Which Recovery was exemplified 
under the Great Seal. 1884 Roscoe's Law of Evidence 
(ed. 15) 9 An exemplification produced from the proper 
custody and purporting to exemplify a commission from the 
crown is ecitsiien though the seal has been lost. be 

+8. To copy (a document) ; to quote in writing. 

1570-6 LAMBARDE Peram). Kent (1826) 221 The storie of 
King Vortigers Wassailing .. I have already exemplified. 
1581 — Eiren. u.. iv. (1588) 149 This last Statute I have ex- 
emplified the more at large. 1629 A. Hamitton in Ussher’s 
Lett. (1686) 405 If your Grace .. hath a mind to exemplify, 
write out, or collect any thing out of any of the said Books. 
1665, J. Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 85 That Inscription. .men- 
tioned by Camden .. and by him exemplified. 1709 Stryre 
Ann. Ref. 1. ii. 58 Because it is a private act, and unprinted, 
I exemplify it in the Appendix, 


\ aaa mene: v. Obs. Also examply. [ad. 
OF. exempli 


ier, f. exemple: see EXAMPLE sb.] 
trans, = :XEMPLIFY 6 and 7. 

156x Even (¢7¢/e) Martin Cortes’ Art of Navigation. .ex- 
amplied [Sp. exremplificado] by many Demonstrations. 1656 
Burton’s Diary (1828) 1, 184 ‘They produced an Act of Par- 
liament .. exemplied [? #7sf. for exemplified] under seal, 
and offered it to a clerk to read it. 

Exe'mpt (egze'mpt), Af/. a. and sd. [a. Fr. 
exempt = Pr. exempt, ad. L. exempt-us, pa. pple. 
of eximére to take out, f. ex- out + emédre to take.] 


A. pple. and adj. 

1, With distinctly ppl. sense : = exempted pa. 
pple. and ppl. adj. 

a. Taken away, removed from ; abolished. Obs. 
exc. arch. +b. = Excerrep; also exempt case; 
ef. Exemprep. Oés. +e. Cut off, debarred, ex- 
cluded. Obs. +d. Removed from (out of) alle- 
giance, liability, or obligation to. Ods. 

The pple. may have been referred variously to the Eng. 
vbs. exeme, exempt, or have been employed in direct imita- 
tion of the use of L. exemptus. 

a@. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth., u, vii. 60 Pe soule..beynge in 
h reioisep pat it is pt from alle erpely binges. 
1551 Ropinson tr, More's Utop. 1. (Arb.) 46 They. . be cleane 
quite and exempte out of the bondes and daunger to Gods 
commaundement. a@163r Donne 6 Ser. i. (1634) 18 Men 
appropriated to God, men exempt out of the world. x97 
Drypen 4neid vu. 287 When exempt from Mortal Earth. 
1874 HoLianp Mistr. Manse 125 Blessed Sleep! in which 
exempt From our tired Selves long hours we lie. 

b. 1426 Pol. Poems (1859) 11. 137 The cours suyng in alle 
is hole entent, And in no wise list not be exempte. 1679 
Dryven & Ler Gdipus 15 Hear then this dreadful impreca- 
tion; hear it: ’Tis lay’d on all; not any one exempt. 1705 


399 


Stannorr Paraphr. IV. 572 These are very rare and ex- 
empt cases. 1788 Wescey Is. (1872) VI. 281 With regard 
even to these exempt cases. 

ce. cx450 Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthb. (Surtees) 3712 
My teching eftir my dissese Sall’ no3t be had in contempt, 
Na all’ oute of doyng all exempt. ¢1450 Loneticu Grail 
1. 562 In Wanhope weren they falle, and exempt from graces 
alle. c1goo M/elusine 8 Whens may be suche a fayr.. 
lady..so exempt & vnpurveyed of felawship. 1580 Lupron 
Sigvila 111 Judges that favour falshood shall be exempt 
from Gods presence. 1598-9 E. Forpe Parismus 1. (1661) 
49. Being exempt from the clear light of the sun. 

d. cx Wycur Sel. Wks. 111. 354 Pei [priests] ben 
exempt fro Goddis lawe by privylegies pat bei han getun. 
a 1400 Cov, Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 209 Alle thynge must obeye 
to Goddys look, Out of his myght is non exempt. 1482 
Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 101 Y saw hym..exempte and 
delyueryd frome al peynys. 1513-4 Act 5 Hen. V//J, c. 6 
[They] haue been exempt and discharged from all offices 
and businesse. 1538 Starkey ELxgland 1. iii. 205, I wold 
haue no offycer of cyte nor towne to be exempt from theyr 
authoryte. 1651 DaveNant Gondibert1. 1. ii, Lands exempt 
from Nature’s law. . 

+2, Picked out, choice, select. Ods. 

c 16x CHAPMAN //iad 1x. 604 Of whose faire sexe, we come 
to offer seauen, The most exempt for excellence. 

+8. Not subject to a superior authority ; inde- 


pendent. Ods. 

1582 Huot, Exempt or privileged by the kinges charter, 
exemptus. 1883 Stuspes Anat. Abus, 1. 8 Is the lande 
diuided into shires, counties, precincts, and seuerall exempt 
liberties? 160x Hoitanp Pérxy I. 73 ‘The Locri, surnamed 
Ozole, free states and exempt. 1628 Coke Ox Litt. 133 
The wife of the King of England is an exempt person from 
the King, and is capable of lands. 1738 Common Sense 
(1739) II. 113 The Tea-Table is a Rlace which seems to pre- 
scribe for an exempt Jurisdiction from Common Sense. 

b. esp. of a monastery or other religious found- 
ation. Obs. exc. Hist. 

1460 Capcrave Chron. 261 William bischop of Canntirbury 
.. gat .. bulles fro the Court to have rir, of the pound, 
both of exempt [cherchis] and not exempt. 152 (¢/¢/e\, The 
Boke of Comfort .. Enprented in the Exempt Monastery of 
Tavestok in Denshyre. x62x Apr. Appot in fortesc. 
Papers 165 The Churche of Westminster being an exempt 
and privileged place. 1726 Avurre Parerg. 13 An Abbot 
cannot without the Knowledge and Advice of his Convent, 
subject an Exempt Monastery to any Person. 1868 STANLEY 
Westm. Ab. vi. 516 The Primate .. preferred to avoid the 
question of the exempt jurisdiction of Westminster. 

4. Freed from allegiance or liability to; not 
subject to the control or influence of. 

1667 Mitton P. LZ... 318 To live exempt From Heav’ns 
high jurisdiction. 1716 Lapy M. W. Montacue Le?¢t. xli. 
II. 11 There were some people exempt from their [enchant- 
ments’] power, 1850 GLADSTONE Gleaz. (1879) V. Ixiii. 211 
There is no European country in which ecclesiastical so- 
cieties are exempt from civic control. 1874 MickLETHWAI 
Mod. Par. Churches 117 The old builders neither were in- 
fallible, nor are exempt from criticism. 

5. Not liable to suffering, hardship, or incon- 
venience + 0/, from; not exposed or subject to: 
a. danger, disease, or evil of any kind. 

a1420 HoccLeve De Reg. Princ. 1116 This worldes power 
and riche abundaunce Of drede of perile never ben exempte. 
1490 Caxton Exeydos viii. (1890) 35 To kepe hir cyte and 
the cytezeyns vnhurt and exempt from oppressyons. @ 1637 
B. Jonson (J.), To. .live exempt From all the nets that thou 
canst spread. 1658 Evetyn #7. Gard. (1675) 199 Where 
they may be exempt from the frost. 41711 STEELE Sect. 
No. 4 ? 2 Exempt from the Passions with which others are 
tormented. 1759 J. Mitts Dahamel'’s Husd. 1. ii. (1762) 
241, I did not see any one field exempt from this distemper. 
1846 Trencu Mirvac. xxix. (1862) 393 They whom Christ 
loves are no more exempt than others from their share of 
earthly trouble and anguish. 

b. a charge, duty, payment, tax, etc. 

1471 Rietey Comp. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 108 Exempt 
from Claustrall observance. 1517 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) 
App. viii. 212 Those Surgeons which be exempt from Al- 
maner Offices, enquestes & wacches. 1555 /ardle Facions 
1. v. 62 This sorte of menne is priuileged, and exempte from 
all maner of charges. 1794 SuLtivan View Nat. II. 432 
These..lived exempt from all public concerns and duties. 
1853 Stocqueter AZi/, Encycl. s.v., Men of a certain age 
are exempt from serving in the militia. 1871 Morey Vod- 
taire (1886) 75 A man because he is a noble or a priest was 
not exempt from paying certain taxes. 

6. Unsullied, unaffected by; clear, free from (a 
defect, flaw, stain, weakness). 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 8 These .. being 
utterly exempt from any waight or gravity at all, are rightly 
termed .. familiar letters. cx6rx CHAPMAN /diad vill. 435 
Hector .. led to a place, pure and exempt from blood, The 
Trojan forces. a@1704 T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 
1730 I. 57 Celia alone’s exempt from all these crimes. 1821 
Suettey Prometh. Und. ut. iv. 156 From custom’s evil 
taint exempt and pure. 1875 Scrivener Lect. Grk. Test. 6 
Not exempt from the common failings of humanity. 

B. sé. 

1. gen. An exempted person; esf. one relieved 
from accom oe of a duty, payment of a tax, etc. 

1846 Prescott Ferd, § /s. Il. u. ili. 315 The only legal 
exempts [from this military service] were the clergy, hidal- 
gos, and paupers. Rees iuenson Cond. Life ix. 184 To 
point at one or another fine madman, as if there were any 
exempts. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U.S. IV. xxvii. 518 Old 
men. .who were exempts, except in case of immediate danger 
to the town. 

2. Eccl. A person or religious establishment not 
subject to the jurisdiction of the bishop. Cf. A. 
3b. Obs. exc. Hist. 

1532 R. Bowyer in Strype Zec?, Mem. I. xvii. 134 Refor- 
mators of divers orders of religion .. as well exempts as not 


EXEMPT. 


exempts. 1577 Harrison England nu. ii. (1877) 1. 42 Though 
it [the archdeaconrie of S. Albons] be under the Bishop of 
London for visitations & synods, yet is it otherwise reputed 
as member of the see of Lincolne, and therefore worthily 
called an exempt. tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C11. 
Iv. xxi. 377 The Holidays .. shall also be observed by all 
Regulars, even Exempts., 

+3. In the French army: a. An inferior cavalry 
officer who commanded in the absence of the 
captain and lieutenant, and was exempt from 
ordinary military duty. Ods. exc. Hist. 

1670 Cotton Esfernon ut. vit. 347 Mazure, and du Lion 
Exempts of her Guards. 1702 Lond. Gaz, No. 3822/3 Our 
Men took an Exempt of the Life-Guard, 175: SmMoLtetr 
Per. Pic. (1779) Il. xlv. 83 A file of musqueteers com- 
manded by an Exempt [in Paris]. 1753 Scots Mag. 
XV. 64/1 Three exempts of the guards. 1823 in Craze 
Technol. Dict. 

+b. A French police officer. Obs. exc. H7st. 

Originally, a sub-officer of the mounted police (sa7é- 
chaussée) corresponding in rank and function to the ‘ex- 
empts’ of the cavalry. 

1678 tr. Gaya's Art of War. 34 The Provost Mareschal.. 
hath a Troop of Officers on Horseback, with a Lieutenant, 
Exempts, etc, 1772 Birminghant Counter/. 1. ¢40 In the 
midst of this scene, an exempt of the police arrives. 1840 
Tuackeray Paris Sk. Bk. (1867) 115 He slipped through the 
exempts, quite unsuspected. 

4. In the English army +a. after Fr. usage: 
A sub-officer of cavalry. Ods. 

1706 Puitips (ed, Kersey), Ax Exempt, a Life-Guard.. 
free from Duty. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1739 Lapy Hart- 
ForD Corr, (1806) I. 116 An exempt in my Lord’s Troop. 

b. One of the four officers who in turn command 
the Yeomen of the Guard in the absence of their 


superior officers. Now more commonly Exon, q.v. 

17oo Lutrrety Brief Rel, (1857) 1V. 711 Mr. Dormer is 
made exempt of the yeomen of the guards in the room of 
Mr. Uphill. 1717 Hist. Reg., Chron. Diary 5 One of the 
Exempts of his Majesty’s Yeomen of the Guards. 1844 
W. J. Tuoms Bk. of Court (ed. 2) 370 The Exempt of the 
Yeomen of the Guard is a resident officer who sleeps at 
St. James’s, as Commandant of the Yeomen on duty. 

Exempt (egze'm?t), v. Pa. pple. 5-6 exempt. 
[ad. Fr. exempter, f. exempt adj. : see prec.] 

+1. ¢rans. To take out or away; to put far 
away, remove, cut off. Const. from, out of. Ods. 

1553 T. Witson Rhet. 39 Exempted from Sathan, to lyve 
for ever with Christe our Savioure. 1563 //omilies . Right 
Use Church 1. (1859) 165 They .. were exempted and 
banished (as it were) from the house of the Lord. 1565 
Govpine Ovia'’s Met. w. (1593) 97 He hist: for nature now 
had cleane exempt All other speach. 1589 GREENE Arcadia 
(1616) 40 Ile exempt them [flowers] all from my smell. 1595 
R. Jounxson 7 Champions u. v. (1608) 4 ‘The Emperours 
onely daughter. .exempted herselfe from all company. 1599 
A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 4/1 The payne will 
totallye be exemptede, and abolishede. 1635 Zo a Lin- 
colne in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) II. 267 Being once 
exempted from my sight. 

+b. To single out, select. Ods. 

1538 STarkEY England 1, iv. 139 For theyr vertue they 
schold be..from the commyn pepul, as hyt were, exemptyd. 
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt, i. 22 She exempted 
out of the sorte and order of common women, was chosen. 
1648 Mitton Sonn. xiii. To H. Lawes, Thy worth and skill 
exempts thee from the throng. 

+2. To take away or omit (from a category or 
enumeration) ; to except. Const. from, out of; 
rarely with double 0/7, Also in the pa. pple. in 
concord with a sb. in the nominative absolute ; = 
Except 3b; and in the pr. pple. used absol. as 
quasi-prep. ; = Exceptine prep. A. 1. Obs. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 120 Praying to Christ at the masse, 
hys supper or els where, heaven exempted. 1571 Fortrescur 
Forest Hist. 5 A small matter is it in niene hundred or a 
thousande yeeres to exempte twentie or thirtie, 1581 J. 
Beit Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 129 S. John..doth not exempt 
himselfe out of thesame number. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secre- 
tary 1. (1625) 53 The ordering whereof (except in Letters 
Excusatorie, or Defensorie) is wholly exempted the course 
in those Letters prescribed. 1604 Hooker £cc/. Pod. Pref. 
viii. § 9 Their error exempted [ed. 1594 excepted] they 
seemed otherwise right good men. 1665 GLANVILL Sceps. 
Sct. ix. 47 While all complain of Ignorance and Error, every 
one exempts himself. 1731 Lett. from Fog’s Frni. (1732) 
II. 286 Invited..by all Ranks..not exempting even a 
Branch of the Royal Family. 

+8. To debar, exclude from the enjoyment of 
or participation in something. Ods. 

1553 T. Witson Riet. 101 b, They .. exempted brybers 
frome bearynge rule in the commune weale. 1579 Nortu 
Plutarch, Agesilaus 670 Them selues [the Thebans] onely 
exempted from treatie of peace. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. 
I. xxxv, (1713) 78 Cogitation is ..exempted or prescinded 
from all Extension, 1689 Evetyn Jem. (1857) 11. 311 The 
Convention..exempt the Duke of Hanover from the suc- 
cession to the Crown. f . 

4. To grant to (a person, etc.) immunity or free- 
dom from a liability to which others are subject : 

a. from (the payment of) a fine, tax, etc. 


const. of, simply, and absol. 

1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 393 Euery citezen and Burgeys 
wtoutforth shal pay at euery taske, vigille, lones..except 
certeyn persones that..be exemted. 1496-7 Act 12 Hen 
VIZ, c.13 $1 Tounes and places. .exempted or discharged of 
payment to suche xv™*, 1573 Coorer 7hesaur., Eximere 
de vectigalibus, to exempt from paying tribute. 1705 Ar- 
BUTHNOT Coins 279 Valentinian. .exempted them [Mariners] 
from all Taxes. 1855 THackeray Newcomes 1. 149 When 
did. .his bailiff exempt from the rent? 1872 Yeats Growth 
Comm.163 Other towns were e d..from. .c dues. 


Also ° 


Ba ie eile 


EXEMPTED. 


b. from (the control of) laws, (obedience to) 
an authority. 

rgor Pol. Poems (1859) 11. 28 Why have ye exempt you 
from our kings lawes. 1530 PAtsGR. 541/2 Many ies 
be exempted from their premrey. 1655 Futier Ch. Hist. 
u. iii. $25 King Kenulphus.. had power to exempt this 
Abbot from the Turisdiction of the Bishop. 1761 Hume 
Hist, Eng. U1. liv. 160 Those high churchmen. .were de- 
sirous of exempting the mitre from all subjection to the 
crown. 1829 I. Taytor Enthus. ii. (1867) 33 The religious 
emotions are exempted from this general law. | 

e. from pain, penalty, suffering, or inconve- 
nience; also, from a defect, weakness, etc. 

1484 Caxton Curiall 1 Fortune hath exempte the fro the 
anguysshes that I suffre. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 
mt. 195 Y® cursednesse of old Adam, from which we are ex- 
empted by Christ. 1647 Crarrnpon /7ist. Red. 1. (1843) aft 
‘The course of exempting men from prosecution, by dissolv- 
ing of parliaments. 1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. ix. 330 Our 
Saviour’s own Disciples were not exempted from the com- 
mon Error. 1707 Curios. in Husb. § Gard. 218 A Delay 
from which we are exempted by our new Method. 1856 
Froune Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 443 Clergy who committed 
felony were no longer exempted from the penalties of their 
crimes. 

d. from a burden, duty, or obligation, a burden- 


some state or condition. 

1479 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 414 King Edwarde the thirdde 
4 ey honourable chartres exemptid the saide maires, to.. 
feche their saide charges at the castell Yate. 1571 GoLpING 
Calvin on Ps. xxxiii.16 Kings and Tyrants. .being exempted 
from the comon lot, seeme to themselves to be out of danger 
of gunshot. 1603 Knoties Hist. Turks (J.), The religious 
were not exempted, but fought among the other soldiers. 


c1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Alem, Col, Hutchinson (1846) 39 | 


Living constantly in the country he could not be exempted 
from administering justice among them. 1703 MauNpRELL 
Journ. Ferus. (1732) 128 The Beast..has the privilege to 
be exempted from all other Burdens ever after. 1718 Lapy 
M. W. Montacue Le?ft. 1. Il. 70 The quarantine, from 
which nobody is exempted. 1836 Lane Mod. Egyft. II. 

5 The Copts..are exempted from military service. 1845 
feCuttocn Ya-ration Introd. (1852) 36 A conscription.. 
pressing with its utmost severity on certain classes of the 
population, and exempting others. 

Exempted (egzemptéd), Af/. a. [f. prec. + 
-ED1.] +a. Withdrawn from care; unburdened. 
Of a soul: Withdrawn from the body ; separate. 
+b. = Exceptep. ec. To whom immunity (from 
punishment, burdens, or obligations) has been 


granted. 

1598 Yonc Diana 76 In braue loue and fortunes art, There 
is not snyshing lesse sure Then such a free exempted hart. 
1603 R. Niccots Fun. Orat. Q. Eliz., If exempted soules 
may be subject to passions. 1712 BerkELey Pass. Obed. 
§ 17 Whether obedience to the supreme power not one 
of those exempted cases. 1725-6 Pore Odyss. xxut. 418 
With tim’rous awe From the dire scene th’ exempted two 
withdraw. 1775 Burke Sf. Conc, Amer. Wks. 1842 I. 109 
The abuses have been full as great..in the exempted as in 
the punished. 

+Exemptible. 0¢s. [f. Exemrr v.+-1BLE.] 
a. Capable of being exempted. b. That may be 
easily removed; = next. 

1611 Cortcr., Exemptible, Exemptible ; loosse, free, quit, 
priuiledged. 1623-6 Cockeram, E-remptible, which may be 
easily taken away. . 

Exemptile (egzemptil), a. [ad. late L. ex- 
emptil-is, f. eximéere: see EXEMPT a.] That may 
be taken out, removable. 

1607 Torset Four-f. Beasts (1673) 352 Jupiter. .gave her 
[Lamia] exemptile eyes that might be taken in and out at 
her own pleasure. 1657 Tomutnson Renon's Disp. 488 A 
Money-Counter..should have many exemptile boxes in its 
antick part. 1832 Lewis in PA‘lo/. Mus. 1.137 He withheld 
the pay and provisions of his mercenaries on the exemptile 
days (cEarpéornor Hucpa). 

‘xemption (egzem?fon). Forms: 4-5 ex- 
empcion, -coun, (6 -tioun), 6- exemption. 
[e. Fr. exemption, ad. L. exemption-em, n. of action 
. eximére to EXEMPT.] The action of exempting ; 
the state of being exempted. 

+1. a. The action of taking out or away; the 
state of being taken out or away. b. Exception, 
exclusion from an enumeration, etc. Obs. 

a. 1596 Rowtanns Betraying of Christ 44 By death of 
Christ, the Law was inexemption. 16z0 Guitiim Heraldry 
i. iii. (1611) 42 Adumbration or Transparency is a cleere 
exemption of the substance of the charge. 

1538 Starkey Zxgland 1. iv. 139 Thys ba Hes . 
ys to be gyven to the dygnyte of presthod. 1670 G. H. 
Hist. Cardinals 1. m. 70 The Cardinals should be chosen 
out of all the Provinces.. without exemption of any. 

2. The action of exempting, or the state of being 
exempted (see Exempt v. 4) froma liability, obliga- 
tion, penalty, law, or authority; freeing, freedom ; 
an instance of the same, an immunity. 

¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 93 He schal geten a priueilege 
or exempcion. .for his gold sent & spendid atrome. 1488-9 


Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 5 This acte of adnullacion. .of pci 
of payment or colleccion of dismes. 1578 Gude _— 
OBBES 


Ball. yf Our tungis hes ane exemptioun. 1651 
Leviath, 1. xxi. 109 We take Liberty, for an exemption 
from Lawes. 1 RAMHALL Ref/ic. iv. 189 King Henries 
exemption of himself from all spirituall jurisdiction. 167 
Mitton P. R, mt. 115 Thy great Father .. requires Glory 
from all men ..no exemption. 1705 Burnet Time v. 
C73) II. 158 An exemption for twenty one years from 
all Taxes and Customs. 1748 Youne Nt. 7h. v. 262 Genius 
..pleads exemption from the laws of sense. 1809 TomMLins 
Law Dict. s.v., Awrit of exemption, or of ease, to be quit 
of serving on juries, and all public service. 1825 BentHAM 


400 
Ration, Rew. 14 An exemption from punishment already in- 
prvi isa . 1874 GREEN Short Hist. iv. 172 fone 
[boroughs ht charters of exemption from the trouble- 
some pri e [of sendi i 


ding burgesses to parliament). 
b. spec. ‘ A privilege by which persons or places 
are withdrawn trom the jurisdiction of the no a 
and immediately subjected to the Holy See’ 
(Catholic Dict. 1885). 

Capcrave Chron. 167 There was the Provincial of 
the ordre alegging for him here exempcion. 1661 Bram- 


HALL Yust Vind. 145 He p -. of the Pp of 
Abbats from their Bishops. 175: Cuampers Cyc/.s.v., The 
first ptions gr d to ks were only for the liberty 
of electing their abbot, independently on the bishop. 1868 
J. H. Brunt Ref. Ch, Eng. 1.7 Hep pecially agai 
exemptions, 


3. Freedom, immunity from a defect, disadvan- 
tage, or weakness. 

a1662 Heyin Land 1. (1671) 53 Humane frailty from 
which the holiest and most lice men cannot plead Ex- 
emption. 171x Appison Sfect. No. 105 ® 5 The Men who 
value themselves most on their Exemption from the Pedan- 
try of Colleges. 1784 Cowrer Task 1. 404 Even age itself 
seems privileged in them With clear exemption from its own 
defects. 1842 H.Rocers /ntrod. Burke's Whs. 1.7 A 
tolerable exemption from faults .. will generally be their 
highest merit. 
Water free from ice ; the exemption being due to the island 
.. acting as a barrier. 1884 Q. Rev. Apr. 350 A singular 
exemption from the ferocious forms of life, 

+ 4. concr. (see quot.) Obs. rare—'. 

axz610 Heatey Theophrastus To Rdr., Pomcerium is a 
certaine space about the walls of the City or Towne. . where 
‘tis not lawfull to plough, build houses, or inhabite.. 
termed the territorie, or exemption. 

+Exempti'tious, ¢. Ods. [f. L. exempt- (see 
EXEMPT v.) + -ITI0Us.] Capable of being taken 
out ; separable. 

1667 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xxv. (1713) 50 If Motion were 
a thing that was loose or exemptitious from Matter. 

Exe'mptive (egze'm’tiv), a. rare. [f. as prec. 

+ -IVE.] Tending to procure exemption (from 
guilt or punishment). 

1827 BentuaM Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VII. 15 To dis- 
prove the commission of the crime. . by proving the existence 
of some. .exemptive circumstance. 

Exen, obs. form of oxen: see Ox. 


|| Exence’phalus (eksj;ense‘filds). Pl. exen- 


| eephali. [mod.L. exencephalus, f. Gr. & out+ 


| éyxépados brain.] 


‘I. G. St. Hilaire’s term for a 
monstrosity in which the brain lies wholly or 
chiefly outside the cranial cavity at the back of 
a very flattened head’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 


Exenterate (eksentért), Af/. a. [ad. L. ex- 
enterat-us, pa. pple. of exenterdre: see next.] 
= EXENTERATED. 

1835 Soutuey in C. C. Southey Life VI. 280 The pig.. 
which. .was not yet bacon..scalded, exenterate and hardly 
yet cold. 1868 Browninc Ring §& Bk. v. 2010 A soldier 
ae That yields his life exenterate with the stroke O’ the 
sting that saves the hive. 

Exenterate (eksentércit), 7. Also 7 exen- 
terat. [f. L. exenterat- (exinterat-) ppl. stem of 
exenterare (exinterare’, {. ex- out+Gr. évrep-ov 
intestine. Cf. Gr. éfevrepiCav.] 

1. trans. To take out the entrails of; to evis- 
cerate, disembowel. QOdés. in literal sense. 

1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage v. xv. § 3(R.) In this beastly 
caruing of humane bodies. .sometimes exenterating women. 
1630 Donne Ser. xxv. 246 Such bodies as were exenterated 
and embowelled and then. . plastered about with spices and 
gums. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ui. xiii. 136 Nor doe 
they [toads] containe. .urinary parts..as may appeare unto 
any that exenterats or dissects them. @ a, Padget Life 
Bacon in Lett. Emin. Persons (1813) 11. 227 went into 
a poore woman’s house .. and bought a hen, and made the 
woman exenterate it. 1721-1800 in BaiLey. 

78 1636 W. AmarosE in Ann. Dubrensia 37 Summon 
the world, exenterate old stories. r64x Frogs of Egypt “i 
Great God!..Who justly dost exenterate with shame 
Enemies to Thee. 1822 Sourney Let#, (1856) ILL. 337 A 
boxful of papers .. which I have to read and exenterate. 
1886 BLackte in 1 ai Cent. Apr. 535 Exenterating itself of 
its own better soul. 

+2. To take out (the bowels or internal parts), 

1607 Toprse.t Four-/, Beasts (1673) 21 The reins [of an 
Ape] exenterated, bruised and put into new pure wine. 
pe a Br. Bartow Answ. Nameless Catholic 68 A ee 
Curre, entring her Tombe, and exenterrating her very 
to staunch his ri 

transf. 1612 J. Corton Dang. Pract. Physic u. i. 88 
They unlawfully exenterate eate out the bowels of 
poore mens purses. 1623 Masse tr. Aleman's Gusman 
@ Alf. u. 212 It [riches] exenterates and pulls out the very 
bowells from the profoundest parts of the earth. 

Hence Exe‘nterated 4//. a., deprived of entrails, 
disembowelled ; also Ag. Exe‘nterating vi/. sd. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp. 88 Exenterated animals. . 
are stuffed with medicamental things. 1663 Flagel/um or 
0. Cromwell (1672) 17 The Kingdom one Viper more 


d, to the ing of her bowels. 1827 Hare 
Guesses (1859) 141 E rul gers and evi d 
logicians. 1857 Kincs-ev Zo Y. Ago I. 60 Fragments of 


exenterated maids (belonging to the order Pisces). 
Exenteration (eksentérZ!*fan). [as if ad. L. 
*exenteration-em, n. of action f, exenterdre: see 
EXENTERATE. ] 
1. The action or process of exenterating or taking 
out the entrails, 


1853 Kane Grinnell Exped. xxiv.(1856) 199 | 


1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef, mt. xxi. 157 Upon exen- 


teration he these animals in their 


fection, 
Rhymes on Road Introd. 59 A hero .. wrote .. mid all the 
ins And h of ion, Nine charming odes. 


this ion of the mind. 
1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke xix, There is self-exenteration 


devoid of entrails. 
1831 Saar. Mag. IV. 633 A lankness of figure that de- 
ter 


noted u 


peritoneal coat of the intestines’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

1847 in Craic. 

Exept, obs. form of Excerr. 

+ Exequation. Os. rare—". [ad. L. exegua- 
tion-em, f. exequare to make equal, f. ex- (see Ex- 
tr) + #gu-us EQUAL.] The state of being exactly 
equal. 

a Jeanes Fudn, Christ 138 The union is not by way of 


quation, or equip y. 

Exequatur (eks/kw2'tiz). [a. L. exegudtur 
he may perform, 3rd pers. sing. pres. subj. of 
exegui (see EXECUTE).] 

1. An official recognition of a consul or com- 
mercial agent by the government of the country to 
which he is accredited, authorizing him to exercise 
his power. 

1788 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) I1. 498 There shall be de- 
livered to them. .the ang ameaye necessary for the exercise 
of their functions. 1826 Kent Comm. 43 If any consul be 
guilty of illegal or improper conduct, he is liable to have his 
exequatur .. revoked. Daily News 26 May, The 
Spanish Foreign Office objects to granting the Exequatur 
for the Chinese Consuls. 

2. An authorization granted by a temporal sove- 
reign for the exercise of a functions under 
Papal authority, or for the publication of Papal 
bulls. Hence, the right of insisting on the neces- 
sity of such authorization. 

1859 Prescott Philip //, 111. 365 The councils in those 
States .. refused to allow the publication of his bulls without 
the royal exequatur, 7 tholic Dict. s.v., The Roman 
Pontiff. .allows Italian bis! .-to apply for the exequatur 
to the sovereign. .as the de facto occupant of power. 

+ E-xequent, ¢. fe [ad. L. exeguent-em, 
pr. pple. of exeguz to ExecuTE.] That executes. 

1617 Coins Def. Bp. Ely u. ix. 359 Dirigent, not exe- 
quent, as your School-men Joue to 

uial (eks7kwial), a. [ad. L. exeguial-is 
(exseguial-is), f. ala ale see Exequy.] Of or 
pertaining to a funeral. 

1613 J. Dunster in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixxix. 2 
The manner of our burial, the exequial pomp, etc. 1725-6 
Pore Odyss. xx1v. 108 Thetis herself to all a oes 
claims Heroic prizes and exequial games. 1751 FE 
Scribleriad w. 16 Rites —- {must] grace his honour’d 
tomb. 1820 Blackw. Mag. VII. 194 The last book of the 
lliad..has supplied a great part of the exequial diction. 
1866 F. Haut in Wilson Vishiu Purdha 111. 120 note, The 
former term im; undeserving of uial offerings. - 

+ Exe'q’ a. Obs. rare—*. [f. L. exeqgui-x 
+-OUS.] = prec. 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars u. Ixiii, Build the funeral-pile, 
Lay your pale hands to this exequious fire. 

uy (e*ks¢kwi), now always in pl. exequies 
e‘ks/kwiz). Forms: a. sing. 5-7 exequie, -y, 7, 


Funeral rites ; funeral ceremony ; occas, in sense 
of ‘ funeral train’ or ‘ bier’. 

+a. sing.; with p/. in sense ‘funerals’. Ods, 
1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 74 Pay shul fynden iiij torches, 
ffor to brenne. .at exequises of euery brothii 
dies. ex Apol. Loll. Pay sepulturis, or exequies, 


i hi fe. 1602 Return fr. Parnass. 1. ii. (Arb.) 
poy cee op to preuent his exequy, Scarce deiging to 
shut vp his dying eye. _169x Woop Ath. Oxon. I. 179 
—" equy of Joan Queen of Spayne. 


2 Wyeuir 2 Sam. iii. 1 Kittith joure clothis, and beth 
a vith sacks, and walleth the exequies [1388 
is, ether Jof Abner. c¢ be CG 


ies and masse of my berying. Ttin, VV. 
age i poe tage k layed with solemne in 
a fayre Chest made of Stone. 1615 G. Sanpys . 83 
A father following the exequies of his sonne. G 


Daniet Ecclus. xxii. 37 Exequies to the Dead but 
require Seaven daies. 7 Dryven Fables, Sigismonda & 
G. 661 There yet rem thy funeral exequies. 1771 


EXERCE, 


a: Sarisé. 182 If (the Choral Bishop) died within the 
month, his exequies were solemnized with great pomp. 1832 
Mornerweit Poems, Midn. Lamp, Thou wilt not die until 
the morrow bright Has seen thy exequies. 1837 THiRLWALL 
Greece 1V. xxxil. 272 The festival of Adonis. .was celebrated 
.- With the rep of fi q 

® An alleged sense, ‘a funeral ode’, has been voy in- 
ferred from the title of a poem ‘The Exequy’ in Bp, H. 
King Poems (1657) 52. 

+Exe'rce, sd. Obs. Sc. In 6 excerse. [f. 
next.) Exercise. 

1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 9 Throucht sic excerse, ther mem- 
bris mycht be purgit fra corruppit humours. 

+ Exerce, v.; chiefly Sc. Obs. Forms: 4 ex- 
ercen, 5-6 excers(e, 6 exers, 5~ exerce. [a. 
OF, exercer, ad. L. exercére; see EXERCISE 56.] 

1. trans. To set in motion; to give play to 
(anger) ; to display (wisdom) ; = ExercisE v. I b. 

1535 STEwarT Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 84 Amang the Britis 
for till exers thair ire; ‘Tha enterit in baith with blude and 
fyre. 1578 Gude § Godl. Ball, (1868) 85 ‘The just mannis 
mouth exercis sapience. 

2. To give employment to (a person) ; to employ 
with a view to improvement; to discipline, train. 
Const. 77. Also aéso/. of a thing: To keep em- 
ployed or busy ;= ExERcIsE v. 2 and 4. 

©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. vii. (1561) 234a, Certes all 
thyng that exerceth or corrigeth it profiteth. 1 Compl. 
Scot, Prol. 9 He statut ane ordinance til excerse his propir 
childir ande the jong princis. 15841. Hupson Du Bartas’ 
— (1608) 696 The honie bees Exerce themselfes on 

uddes of sweetest trees. ay Bg I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 29 
The bookes of Troy .. Exerce but cease thy toung and eke 
thy pen. 1596 Dacrympte tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 
92 In handling of waiponis exerce thame. 

To carry on, carry out, perform (deeds, trades, 
etc.) ; to put in force, wield (power, right, etc.) ; to 
fulfil (a duty), fulfil the duties of (an office). Cf. 
EXERCISE v. 5. Also zz. to serve (as a soldier). 

1374 Cuaucer Boeth, u1, vi. 52 But wher shal men fynden 
any man pat may exercen or haunten any ry3t vpon an ober 
man but oonly vpon hys body. a1450 Ant. de la Tour 
(1868) 118 For to use and excerse the werkys of thaire saue- 
ment, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 427/1 He had..excerced.. 
the fayte of aduocacyein the rompers courte of Tryguyer. 
1513 Douctas Anes vu. viii. 141 To excers ynder the, And 
lerne the fate of knychtlie cheulrye. 1528 LynpEsay Drea 
1074 Be exampyll to thy peple all, Exersing verteous deidis 
honorabyll. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 9 Our lord 
Tesus thairfor sittis one the rycht hand of the power of god, 
exerceing qual pouer with y® father. | @ 1639 SporTiswoop 
Hist. Ch. Scot. v. (1851) 196 The Iustice Aires .. were ex- 
erced with much rigour. 1681 Lond. Gaz, No. 1670/1 The 
Intrinsick Spiritual Power of the Church. .as it was exerced 
by the Apostles, 1707 Dx. Atuot in Vidpone 21 To retain, 
enjoy or bruik and exerce all their Rights. ; 

ence Exe'rced /#/. a., in scholastic phrase 
exerced act (= ‘exercised act’; sce EXERCISED 


Ppl. a.) , 

1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. (2854) 293 Figures and tropes 
.-in their actz signato .. somewhat harsh and scabrous, 
yet in their exerced act, etc. 

+ Exe'rcent, @. and sd. Ods. [ad. L. exercent- 
em, pt. pple. of exercére to EXERCISE. ] 

A. adj. That is actively exercising the duties 
of his calling or profession, or the characteristic 
functions of his office. Said es. of an advocate: 
That is practising his profession, in practice. 

1643 Owen Puritan turned Jesuit 45 The Tyrant exer- 
cent..a Prince, that doth wilfully dissolve all, or the chiefest 
compacts of the Common-wealth, 1720 StryPe Stow’s Surv. 
(1754) I. 1. xxiv. 173/t The Doctors Exercent in these courts 
in the year 1 being forty four. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 
1726 Ayiirre Parerg. 56 The Judge may oblige every ex- 
ercent Advocate to give his Patronage and Assistance unto 
a Litigant in Distress for want of an Advocat. [1857 Act 20 
§ 21 Vict. c. Hi. § 116 ‘ The College of Doctors of Law exer- 
cent in the Ecclesiastical and Admiralty Courts’, incorpo- 
rated under that style..22nd June 8 Geo, III.] A 

B. sb. One who exercises or follows a profession. 

1720 StryPe Stow's Surv. I. 1. xxiv. 155/2 Anno 1585 
the doctors then inhabiting the Commons and Exercents 
in these courts were. .but sixteen or seventeen in all, 

Exercisable (e‘ksosai:zib’l), a. Also 8-9 
exerciseable, 8 -ible. [f. next+-aBLE.] Of an 
office, power, right, etc.: Capable of being exer- 
cised, employed, or enforced. 

1741 T. Rosinson Gavelkind u. ii. 170 Not only Lands, 
oak other corporeal Inheritances..but also all Inheritances 
. annexed to or exerciseable within the same. 1767 BLAck- 
STONE Comm, II. iii, 20 Exercisible within the same. 1818 
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IIL, 127 Judicial offices .. are only 
exerciseable by persons of skill and capacity. 1882 J. H. 
Buunr Ref, Ch. Eng. Il. 38 Spiritual powers which are 
exercisable in all parts of the world, 

Exercise (eksois2iz), sd. Forms: 4-6 ex- 
cercise, -cyse, -sise, -sice, 5-6 exercyse, 6 Sc. 
exerceis(s, -cyiss, exercice, 4- exercise. [ME. 
exercise, a. OF. exercice = Pr. exercict, exercist:—L. 
exercitium, f. exercere to keep at work, busy, em- 
ploy, practise, train (cf. EXERCISE v.), f. ex- (see 
Ex- pref.)) + arcére to shut up, restrain. 

The pyaar notion of e-xercére is obscure : it is often 
regarded as having meant primarily ‘to drive forth (tillage 
beasts),’ and hence ‘ to employ, set to work ’.] 

1. The action of employing in its appropriate 
activity, (an organ, a faculty, or power) of giving 
practical effect to (a right), of exerting (influence or 

Vou. IIT. 


401 


authority); the state or condition of being in 
active operation. 

cy AMPOLE Psalter iii. 5, I rase fra ded til lyf, fra 
ydelnes til excercise in godis seruys. 1608 SHaxs. Per. 1. iv. 
38 These mouths .. are now starv'd for want of exercise. 
1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 331 Thou shalt not suffer me .. 
to continue without exercise, or power of exercising my vital 
faculty. —? Luptow Mem. (1751) I. 246 Whether the 
House of Commons should take advice of the House of 
Lords in the exercise of the legislative power? 1729 BUTLER 
Serm, iv. Wks. 1874 11. 46 Their conversation is merely an 
exercise of the tongue, 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt 11. xxix.129 The 
exercise of this, their constitutional right, of giving .. their 
own money. 1820 Scott /vanhoe xxii, A large mouthful, 
which required the exercise of both jaws at once. 1820 
Keats Hyferion 1, 107 Godlike exercise Of influence benign. 
1836-7 Sir W, Hamitton Metaph, i. (1877) I. 7 The one 
condition under which ail powers .. are developed is exer- 
cise. =. Geo. Etor Coll. Breakf. P. 164 That exercise 
of soul Which lies in full obedience. 1890 Sir C. S. C. Bowen 
in Law Times Rep, UXIII. 735/1 Such a matter as this is 
not one for the exercise of the judge's discretion. 

b. The use of or method of using (a weapon). 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xiv. 50 The excercyse of armes is 
dyscont ynued. 1632 J. Haywarptr. Biondi’s Eromena 161 
Nerves hardened with the continuall exercise of the sling. 
She tr. Gaya’s Art of Waru. 57 The Exercise of the Pike. 
1685 Abridgm. Eng. Mil. Discipl. 3 The Officer must first 
command silence, and then proceed to the Exercise of the 
Musquet. 

+2. Habitual occupation or employment; cus- 
tomary practice. Zo make it one’s exercise: to 
make it one’s employment. Oés. 

155t Rowinson tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 149 Thinking 
felicitie after this life to be gotten by. .good exercises. 1593 
Suaxs. 3 Hen. VJ, iv. vi. 85 Hunting was his dayly Exer- 
cise. 1614 RateicH Hist. World v. ii. 581 So he makes it 
his exercise to torment and murther all whom he suspecteth. 
1668 in T. W. Marsh Zarly Friends Surrey & Sus. vii. 57 
This is none of the Quakers exercise. 1738 WESLEY Psadis 
1. ii, His Exercise by Day and Night To search his Soul- 
converting Word. 

3. The practice (of virtues or vices); the habi- 
tual carrying out (of any particular kind of con- 
duct); the practice or fulfilment of the duties 
of (a profession, office, etc.); the execution of 
(functions). 

1393 Gower Conf III. 19 Upon the nature of this vice, Of 
custume and of exercise..A tale ..I shall rehercen. 1432 
Paston Lett, No. 18 1.32 He may putte hem from excercise 
and occupacion of the Kinges service. 1538 Starkey Exg- 
land U. it, 187 Abbeys and monasterys for the exercyse of a 
monastycal lyfe. 1552 HuLoet, Exercise of marchandise, e- 
gotiatio, 1594 Hooker Eccé. Pol. w. xiv.(1611) 167 Suspence 
of iudgement and exercice of charity were safer. 1651 Hoppers 
Leviath, .xxx.181 To defend private men in the exercise of 
severall Trades. 1677 HALE Pris, Orig. Man.1.i.6 The Rules 
and Exercise of Architecture. 1773 Observ. State Poor 42 
The exercise of cruelty is too frequently a concomitant of 
the acquisition of power. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast, 
Ord, (1863) 332 After some years spent in the exercise of 
every virtue, 1871 FREEMAN Norn. Cong. (1876) IV. xvii. 
55 A..larger exercise both of concert and secrecy. 

4. The practice and performance of rites and 
ceremonies, worship, etc. ; the right or permission 
to celebrate the observances (of a religion). + For- 
merly also e//zpt. = ‘ exercise of worship’. Cf. 10. 

1658 B. Harris Pavival’s Iron Age 49 The Emperours 
brother Mathias. .granted the Exercise of the Confession of 
Auxbourgh, throughout all Austria. did. 64 He. .re-esta- 
blished the Exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion. 
Ibid, 222 The King hath lost seven Provinces, and the said 

hurch, her exercise. 1 Appison /taly 508 [Lewis] re- 
fus’d even those of the Church of England .. the publick 
Exercise of their Religion. 1781 Gisson Decl. § F. III. 92 
The exercise of public worship appears to be the only solid 
foundation of the religious sentiments of the people. 

+5. The action or process of training or drilling 
scholars, troops, etc.; an instance of this. Const. 
of. Camp of exercise; a camp established for 
the sd eg? of training troops. Ods. 

@ 1533 Lo. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) H, Now 
wil we speake of his laudable exercises of them that came to 
hym, 1 Starkey England u, i. 161 A commyn place 
appoyntyd to the exercyse of vthe. 1685 Abridgm, Eng. 
Mil, Discip~l. 25 The Exercise of Horse consists in fewer 
Words of Command, then that of Foot. 
s, v. Camp, A Camp of peace and exercise. 

qb. The action of working the ground (after L.). 
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 143 He with frequent Exer- 
cise Commands Th’ unwilling Soil [tr. exercet ted/urent]. 

6. Practice for the sake of training or improve- 
ment, either bodily, mental, or spiritual. 

cx340 Hamrote Prose Tr. 14 A saule pat haues.. by 
gastely excercyse ouercomene and dystroyede concupyscens 
and passiouns. 1483 Caxton Cato Biij, For by the same 
playe one may doo his excersise. 1509 Fisner Fun. Sern. 
C’tess Richmond Wks. 292 For her exercyse.. she dyde 
translate dyuers maters of pat ts out of the Frensshe 
into Englysshe. 1557 Recorpe Whetst. F ij b, Exercise is 
the beste instrument in learnyng. ¢1570 Short Sum 1st 
Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. § 5 Reiders fynd unabill, efter tua 
3eiris exerceis, for the ministrie. 1663 GerBier Counsel 
8 b, In the drawing of a line..he meant a continual ex. 
ercise to perfection, 1725-6 Pore Odyss. vit. 201 Skill’d 
in heroic exercise, I claim A post of honour. 1845 Stoc- 
queer Handbk. Brit, India (1854) 12 An army of exercise 
was assembled on the Gwalior frontier. 1853 — M77. En- 
cycl,, Exercise, the practice of all those motions and actions, 
together with the whole management of arms, which are 
essential to the perfection of a soldier, and the rendering 
him fit for service. 


+b. Acquired skill. Ods, 


1819 Rees Cyc. 


EXERCISE. 


1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. vii. 98 Hee..gaue you such a Mas- 
terly report, For Art and exercise in your defence. . 

ce. Disciplinary suffering, ‘trial’; an instance of 
this. Also, a state of distress or anxiety, a pain- 
ful mental struggle. Now rare. 

1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 1100 For our exercise, With 
sharpe ge 2 of adversitee..to be bete. 1526 Pilgr. 
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1b, Goostly exercyse, or mortifyca- 
cyon of the senses. 1657 CromweELt Sf. 20 Apr. (Carlyle), 
The exercise that hath been upon me these three or four 
days. a 1662 D. Dickson in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. 
Ixxxviii. (¢#¢e), The heaviest exercise we can imagine pos- 
sible for a saint. @ 1713 Evtwoop A wtobiog. (1714) 31 For 
I presently saw, it would bring a very great exercise upon 
me. 1861 Mrs. Stowe Pearl Orr's Isl. 26 These ’ere 
forty years that I’ve been round .. tendin’ funerals I’ve 
watched people’s exercises. 

7. Exertion of the muscles, limbs, and bodily 
powers, regarded with reference to its effect on the 
subject ; es. such exertion undertaken with a view 
to the maintenance or improvement of health. 
Often with modifying words, as car7rtage-, horse-, 
open air, walking, etc., exercise. 

¢ 1386 CuHaucer Nun's Pr. T. 19 Attempre dyete was al 


| hir phisik, And exercise and hertes suffisaunce. 1531 Eryor 


Gov. 1. xvi, By exercise .. the health_of man is preserued. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 299 Use not Exercise and a Spare 
Diet .. if much Exercise, then a Plentifull Diet. a1zoo 
Drypen (J.), The wise for cure on exercise depend. 1732 
ArsutuHnot Rules of Diet 261 Violent Exercise or La- 
bour produceth this Effect. 1779 Jounson Let. to M>. 

Thrale 23 June, Exercise is l¢bour used only while it pro- 
duces pleasure. J. Beresrorp AMiseries Huse. 
Life (1826) u. xvi, To work in your garden for the sake of 
exercise. 1865 Handy Horse Bk. 32 Two hours’ daily 
exercise at a fast walk will be enough to keepa hack fit 
for his work. 

8. A task prescribed or performed for the sake 
of attaining proficiency, for training either body or 
mind, or as an exhibition or test of proficiency or 
skill. 

a. gen. 

1576 Freminc Panofpl. Ep. 356 As well in bodilie exer- 
cises as in the also that beelong unto the minde. 1655 
Watton Angler (ed. 2) 23 What more manly exercise then 
hunting the Wild-Boare? 1662 StTILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. 
u. iv. § 5 The exercises of those who were educated in 
these Schools of the Prophets, were instructions in the Law. 
1817 CHALMERS Astron. Disc. i. (1852) 18 It is truly a most 
Christian exercise to extract a sentiment of piety from the 
works and the appearances of nature. 1860 Ruskin Mod. 
Paint, V. 1x. iv. § 6. 238 Of these the mason’s exercises are 
in the worst possible taste. JZod. The use of the sloping 
ladder is an improving exercise. . 

b. In #2. Military drill, athletics, field sports, 
dancing, etc. Also in s7zg. as a collective term, 
or in sense of ‘a drill or parade’. Often with 
modifying words, as bayonet-, cutlass-, small arm-, 
sword-, etc., exercise; also manual exercise (see 
MANvAL). 

1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Bviij b, The 
father of Marke Aurelee themperour, had bene pretour in 
exercyses [mistranslating de dos exercitos]. 1600 SHaks. 
A.Y.L.1. i. 76 Allow me such exercises as may become a 
gentleman. 1647 CLarENDON //7st. Reb. 1. (1843) 4/2 [George 
Villiers] spent two or three years in. .learning the exercises 
of riding and dancing. 1704 Lond, Gaz. No. 3104 Let them 
{able Bodied Men] repair to Captain Silver..at his House 
..or at the Exercise on Black-Heath. a 1719 Appison (J.), 
The French apply themselves more universally to their 
exercises than any nation. 1728 Pore Duuc.u. Arvgt., Then 
follow the exercises for the Poets, for tickling, vociferating, 
diving. 1776 Gispon Dec?. & F. I. xviii. 483 The exercises 
of the body prepared them for the fatigues of war. 1788 
Frankuin A xtobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 197 The several companies 
were forming and learning their exercise. 1796-7 /mstr. 
& Reg. Cavalry (1813) 199 As steady in the ranks, as if he 
was at a common exercise. 

e, As a University term: An academical de- 
clamation or disputation ; a viva voce examination ; 
a dissertation, musical composition, etc., required 
from candidates for degrees. 

1563 Foxe in Latimer’s Serm. & Renz. (1845) p. x, After 
some continuance of exercises in other things, he gave him- 
self to the study of Se Weare a 1656 Br. Hatt Life Rem. 
Wks. (1660)10 Never durst I appear in any of those Exercises 
of Scholarship [public Disputations]._ 1701 W.Wooton Hist, 
Rome, Marcus i. 3 He .. obliged him to frequent the Lec- 
tures and Exercises of the Rhetoricians. 1705 Addr. Univ. 
Oxf, in Lond. Gaz. No. 4086/1 The Exercise performed in 
our Theater on New-year’s-Day. 1 AmuHerst Terre 
Fil, xiii. (1754) 219 They have [at Oxford] long, tedious 
forms, which they call exercises, through which every can- 
didate for a degree must pass. 1856 Emerson Eng. 7'raits, 
Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) II. 87 Noblemen are exempted from 
the public exercises for the degree. 1886 Oxf. Univ. Ca- 
lendar 56 The exercise [a piece of Vocal Music] is to be 

erformed in public, arid a copy of it to be deposited in the 

usic School. Ibid. 58 Doing the Exercises [Disserta- 
tions or exegetical Lectures] for one of the two [degrees] 
only. 

d. A composition or translation written by 
pupils at school; a — of music, a problem, 
etc., designed to afford practice to learners. 

1612 Brinstey Lud, Lit. iv. (1627) 32 Now those that 
write exercises, may take the opportunitie of that time, to 
write them so faire as they can. 1712 BupGELi Sfect. No. 
337 ® 8 A theme or copy of verses are the usual exercices. 
1740 J. Crarke Educ, Youth (ed. 3) 34 The Scribling a 
few lines of Latin Exercise every Night. 175: JoHNSON 
Rambler No. 14t ? 4, I...was furnished with exercises and 
instructed in my lessons by some kind patron. ar Jekk 


EXERCISE. . 


Hew ett Parish Clerk 11. 235 To their exercises 
and lessons for the following day. Miss SHEPPARD 
C, Auchester I. xvii. 168 She began to sing her florid exer- 


cises. 

e. A written composition; an essay, sermon, 
treatise. 

_ 19703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 95 In my former Exercises, I 
did not teach you how to chuse the Tools a Smith was to 
use. 1716 Soutu Serm. (1744) XI. 103 Would the time 
and of this permit. @1742 BenTLey 
Serm. viii. (R.), Having abundantly proved in our last ex- 
ercise that, etc. 1880 oy Fowier Locke i. 8 These com- 
positions do not rise much above, or sink much below, the 
ordinary level of such exercises. P z 

+f£. concr. The object of exercises ; ‘the sport’. 

1628 Forp Love's Med. 1. i, To be man, my lord, Is to be 
but the exercise of cares In several shapes. _ 

+9. <A recreative employment, pastime. rave. 

1622 Bacon Hen. VII, 17 Thinking .. to performe all 
things now, rather as an Exercise then as a Labour, 

10. A religious observance. Cf. 4. ; 

a. gen. (sing. and p/.) Also religious exercise(s, 
exercises of devotion, religion, or worship. 

1560-1 ust Bk. Discipl. Ch, Scot, (1621) 60 That exercise 
which St. Paul calls prophecying. 1604 Suaxs. Oh, m1. 
iv. 41 Fasting, and Prayer, much Castigation, Exercise 
deuout. 1641 Hinne ¥ Bruen xxvii. 85 Constancy in 
maintaining all good exercises of Religion. 1644 Direct. 
Publ. Worship Ordinance 2 In all exercises of the publique 
worship. 1771 Smottetr Humph. Cl. (1815) 167 He had 
assisted in Lady Griskin’s, and several private houses, at 
exercises of devotion. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 606 
His followers .. passed a great part of the day in religious 
exercises. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IL. viii. 168 
Punctual in every exercise of devotion. bea Puitutrs 
Vesuv. iii. 49 Producing great terror and much religious 
exercise. 1880 T. Fow.ter Locke i. 5 Locke..must have 
occasionally found these tedious, and doubtless lengthy, 
exercises [religious services at college] somewhat irksome. 

b. An act of public worship. 

1574 Wuitairt Def. Answ. ii. Wks. (1851) I. 197 The exer- 
cises of ‘ praying, singing of psalms, interpreting, and pro- 
phesying’. 1628 Earte MZicrocosm., Shee precise Hypocrite 
(Arb.) 63 She..thinkes the Weeke-dayes Exercise farre 
more edifying then the Sundaies. 1636 Davenant Witts 
in Dodsley O. Pd. (1780) VIII. 413 And squire thy un- 
tooth’d Aunt to an exercise. 1674 Consid. Peace & Gocdw. 
Prot. 22 The main upholder of two famous Exercises. 1888 
E. Eccieston Graysons x. 117 The ‘ exercises’ lasted a full 
hour longer, and it was half-past 10 before the presiding 
elder gave the benediction. 

e. An act of preaching or prophesying; a dis- 


course. 

1594 SHaks. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 112, 1 am in your debt, for 
your last Exercise. 1604 Const. & Canons Eccl. \xxii, Ser- 
mons, commonly tearmed by some Prophesies or Exercises, 
in market-towns, or other places. 1650 Evetyn Jem. 
(1857) I. 272 Having a mind to see what was doing among 
the Rebels..I went..and found one at exercise in the 
chapel. 1799 C. Winter in W. Jay AZen, 30 When he 
closed his exercise, the people .. seemed to say, etc. 1868 
J. G. Mtatt Congreg. Yorksh. 22 Prophesyings, or, as they 
were now [in 1603] called, ‘ Exercises Fs 

An act of private worship. 

1592 GREENE Art Connmy-catch. ut. 11 They had said 
praiers, their euening exercise. 1663 Flagellum; or O. 
Cromwell (1672) 21 e Family was called together to 
prayers, at which Exercise .. they continued long. 1822 
Ga.t Steam-Boat 299, I went down stairs again to the par- 
lour to make exercise. 1824 Scott St. Ronan xxviii, That 
honest person was, according to his own account. .engaged 
in the exercise of the evening. 1825 J. NEAL Bro. ‘Youathax 
I. 34 Ona Saturday evening. .after the ‘exercises’ have been 
finished. .they fall into serious conversation. 

e. Sc. The discussion of a passage of Scripture ; 
a meeting of the Presbytery for holding such a 
discussion. LZxercise and Addition: see quot. 
1709. 

1572 Lament. Lady Scot. in Scot. Poems 16th C. 11. 246 
The word of God is. .in the schuills exercise trewlie teichit. 
1598 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 189 Exemit .. fra all teiching 
in kirkis and congregationis, except in exerceissis and cen- 
suring of doctrine in exerceissis. 1709 W. Srevart Collect. 
§ Observ. 30 The Presbyterial Exercise and Addition ; 
‘The Exercise gives the Coherence of the Text and Context, 
the Logical Division, etc. The Addition gives the Doc- 
trinal Propositions or Truths. 1884 C. Rocers Soc. Life 
Scot. 11. xi. 89 In 1638 the Presbytery of St. Andrews at 
their weekly meetings were proceeding through St. John’s 
Gospel with an exercise and addition on every verse. 

f. Hence the Presbytery itself. 

1578 Act Presb, Edin. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 407 The 
Brethren of the Exercyiss of Edinbui d convenit. 
1612 Sc. Acts Yas. VI (1814) 499/1 The Ministers of the ex- 
ercise of Dalkeith fand the best meane for reparing of the 
Kirk. .to be, etc. C. Rocrrs Soc, Life Scot. 11. xi. 89 
Members of each presbytery, then styled ‘the Exerceis ’. 

11. attrib. in exercise book, a blank book of 
the kind used in schools for the writing of exercises. 

Exercise (e’kso1saiz), v. Forms: see the sb. 
[f. prec. sb. 

The vb. has taken the place of the obsolete Exercr, and 
is thus the representative in sense of L. exercére, Fr. exer- 
cer, from which many of its uses are directly taken.] 

1. trans. To put in action or motion. 

+a. To put in operation, employ, use (an in- 
strument, remedy, or any agency); to work (an 
animal), Odés. 

1 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) Vpon the asse, 
whithe of no man before had ben hie tamiad, 1590 
Spenser F, Q. m1. iii. 53 Let us .. our weake hands .. teach 
The dreadfu and shield to exercize, 1612 Drayton 
Poly-olb, A, Some exercising their pipes, some singing 


402 
i T. H{are) Acc, New Invent. 18 Without 
5 f Mi eed ro 


ercise thy sturdy 
Swirt Gulliver u. ii. 
which I exercised as a 


The Ki 
property . 1992 Munchhausen’s Trav. xx. 66 
they quarrel pant a strait horn, 

b. To employ, bring to bear, apply (power, 
pe to make practical use of (a right or privi- 
lege). 

Pies Cuaucer Kut.’s T. 578 Ther as he might his vertu 
excersise. 1 CoverDALE 1 Kings xvi. 27 Amri, & all 
that he dydyand his power that he’ ex . 1594 
Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. x. (1611) 25 The life is led most hap- 


Vy. Ps . 

penne sana pond amram a 
b. esp. fe Gaeass, vex, worry ; to afflict, make 

anxious, ‘ prove’, : Pen 
sorioe (eea Sh Ee ae ee na ea ee ee 


exercise wider use was prob. at first 4 
from this. RCISE 5d. 6 Cc. eee 

@ 3855 Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) 323 Exercised with 
my old disease in my head, Br. Bartow 3 Serm. ii. 
— is also another cause thus exerciseth his 
children. 1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Mem. Col. , Salas 


pily, wherin all vertue is ex: without 
162z Massincer Virg. Mart. 1. i, To. .exercise that power 
Heaven has confe upon me, Hosses Leviath. u. 
xxviii. 162 That right of Punishing, which is exercised in 
every Common-wealth. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. w. xiv. § 4 
This faculty of the mind, when it is exercised immediately 
about things, is called judgement. 171r E. Fenton Ef. fo 
Southerne 11 Sculpture exercis’d her Skill .. to make the 


Marble breathe. 1836 J. Gitsert Chr. A tonem. viii. (1852) | 


224 The Divine Being. .exercises the right to forgive with- 
out any compensation. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. 394 An 
arbitrary power of imprisonment was still exercised by the 
Council. x Law Reports, Weekly Notes 77/1 The co- 
heiresses could have exercised the trust for sale. 

2. To employ habitually, practise (a person); to 
busy. Const. zz. (Now only reff. and fass., with 
some notion of gaining skill by practice: cf. 3). 

1382 Wycuir 2 Macc. xv. 12. Onye .. was exercised, or 
haunted, in vertues fro a chijld. c1460 Fortescue Ads. 
& Lim. Mon. (1714) go Thay [Archers] nedyn to be mich 
exercysyd in schotyng. 1 ilgr. Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 
2 Some .. be .. moche exerc in goostly conuersacyon. 
1553 Even Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 10 He had been wel 
exercysed in Astronomy. /éid.24 They are exercysed in 
fyshing. 1 Stusses Anat, Abdus. u. 51 Cut off the 
haire .. in such comelie and decent maner as these barbers 
exercised therein can doe. 1613 Sir. H, Fincn Law (1636) 
162 A Clarke of the Crowne .. which was neuer exercised 
in the Office. 1647 CLarenvon “77st. Red. 1v.(1702) I. 298 
Untainted with any of those vices, which the Officers of 
that Army were exercised in. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) I. 
iv. 78 They exhort us to exercise ourselves in godliness. 
178: Gisson Decé. §& F. ILI. 223 To give battle to an innu- 
merable people, exercised in arms. 1 Mrs. RADCLIFFE 
Myst. Uolphe i, She usually exercised herself in elegant 
arts. 1835 Worpsw. C. Lamé, The hermit, exerci in 
prayer and praise..Is happy. 1874 Manarry Soc. Life 
Greece vill. 241 He and his fellows were all exercised as 
jurymen in deciding political and social disputes. 

+b. transf. To employ, occupy (time). Ods. 

1711 Appison Spect. No. 94 3 Those Parts of Life which 
are exercised in Study, Reading, and the Pursuits of Know- 
ledge. 

+c. To till (the ground) ; = L. exercére terram. 

1382 Wycuir Gen. ix. 20 Noe, a man erthe tylyer, began 
to excersise [1388 tile] the erthe. 1654 R. Coprincron tr. 
Fustin’s Hist. 507 To exercise and mitigate the fields with 
ploughs. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 232 Unless the Land 
with daily Care Is exercis’d. 

3. To train by practice; to employ, put into 
action or movement, for the sake of acquiring 
skill or strength; to drill (soldiers, etc.), to put 
through evolutions for practice or display; to put 
(the limbs, the body) through a course of move- 
ments for the sake of strength or health, Also, 
to subject to ascetic discipline. 

1388 Wycuir 1 Sam. xx. 20 Y schal caste as excercisynge 
[1382 paunenge) ether pleiynge meata signe. 1 Fritn 
Another Bk. agst. Rastell 336 God. .left the Philistines to 
exercise and nurture the chilies of Israel. 1549 LaTIMER 
6th Serm. bef, Edw. V1 (Arb.) 161 Menne of Englande.. 
when they woulde exercyse theym selues..were wonte to 
goo a brode in the fyeldesa shootynge, 1§§7 Bis (Genev.) 
Heb.v. 14 Them. .which through custome ome their wittes 
exercised, to nage both good and euyl. 1557 in Badees 
Bk, (1868) 247 Moderatly exercise your body with some 
labour, 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 84 Here [in tennis] 
the Body is briskly exercised more than ordinary. @ 
Woop Life (1848) 266 A company of scholars .. exerci 
themselves in feats of arms privately in All Souls ‘coll. 
quadrangle. 1743 R. Pococxe Descr, East I. 57 The 
who came out to meet the cashif exercised themselves all the 
way on horseback. ng | Meeps Schiller u. (1845) 116 The 
objects..to which I had been exercising all my powers. 1 


(1848) 159 Inj pr th gi 
was afterwards much exercised. a 1715 Burnet Own Time 
(1823) I. 78 God.. fit to exercise him with calumny. 
722 Sewer /ist. ( HS I, 24 At times his mind was 
much exercised. S. Haywarp Serm. xvii. 520 
lancholy disord: ob] was exercised with. a 1847 
Mrs, Suerwoop Lady ‘anor I. iii. 68 The. .dispensation 
with which it eng) anc the Almighty to exercise her. 
1861 Hucues Tom Brown at Oxf. v. (1889) 42 Tom. .{was] 
much ex in his mind as to what manner of man he 
had fallen upon. is = Simpson Sch. Shaks. 1, 113 The 
minds of le at Rome were exercised concerning the 


division of the expected spoil. 1888 V. § Q. Ser. vu. V. 418 
My own housemaid was very much ex g . by an ie 
plicable tinkling. .of her door-bell. 

5. To carry on, carry out, perform. 

+a. To perform (es. habitually), practise, take 
part in (an action, feat, game, etc.); to play (a 
part). Zo exercise the great horse (see HORSE). 

c 1430 tr. 7. a Kempis 37 Brepern..pat exercisen a 
pinges as pei are called to! 1531 Etyor Gor. 1. xxvii, He 
neuer exercised any other play or game. 1538 STARKEY 
England \.ii. 41 Frely hyt exercysyth vertues actys. 1541 
R. Coprann Guydon'’s Quest. Chirurg. A iija, What dyuers 
operacions exerciseth the Cyrurgyen? 1 Homilies 1. 
Short Declar. Faith 1. (1859) 38 The living de aman 
ever exerciseth such Sa aay gg, age ete and living 
body. 1548 Hatt Chron. 197 b, Poleaxe (the whiche 
feate he had greatly exercysed). 1552 Hutoet, 77agadus, 
he that dothe exercise some parte in a tragedie. 1580 Stow 
Ann, (1605) 481 Henry H. re .. maketh i ion vpon 
them .. exercising laudable factes, 1592 CuEeTILE Kinde- 
harts Dr. (1841) 19 But now, I heare, my blinde brother, 
that exercisde the base. 1644 Evetyn Mem, (1857) 1. 70 
Here 1.. went to see them ride and exercise great 
horse. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 551 About him exercis’d 
Heroic Games Th’ unarmed youth of Heav’n. 1760 C. 
—- Chrysal (1822) I, 201 The matron. .immediately 

gan to exercise her donations to public charities. 

+b. To carry on, ply, pursue (an occupation, 
trade, etc.); to discharge the functions of (an 
official post); to practise oneself in (an art, 
language, etc.). Obs. 

in Eng. Gilds (1870) 407 The craft that he canne or 

exercisith. 1gr1-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c.23§9 -_ -may 
occupie and excercise their roomes and offices of foreyn 
Auditours. 1555 Even Decades W. Ind. 35 They had 
graneges & exercised tyllage. 1598 Hax.uyt Voy. 1. 61 It 
. .is a kinde of porte towne, hauing a great marte exercised 
therein. 1601 R. Jounson Kingd. & Commw, (1603) 13 Many 
good townes and riche places where clothing is ex 
1603 Jas. I in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 239 III. 66 We have 
thought good to appoint .. the lord Howard de 
Walden to exercise that place. 1611 Corvat Crudities 
396 Which hunting of wilde boares is more exercised by 
the Germans then by any other Christian nations. 165 
Life Father Sarpi (1676) 5 In Venice he exercised Mer- 
chandise, though with no great prosperity. 1683 DrypEn 
Life Piutarch 17 He had neither the leisure to study, nor 
so much as to exercise the Roman language. 177% M. 
Hist, Eng. 1. 249 The inhabitants exercised pasture in the 
open country. a 

+e. To celebrate, perform (a ceremony, reli- 
gious service, etc.) ; to perform the observances of 


The new ffest of whiche iij in the 3ere we SF they 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 78/3 With the drede of God they excer- 
sised the feste of theyr weddynges. 1486 in Lichfield Gild 
Ord., Owr ordinary itacion in 
—- of owr ay a i _— poe Lichfeld. 
6 J ~ XXVi. 

32 che notwith standing Habit I pe ; 
ton, 1698 Ls Voy. . n this ¢ was 
exorolsed the first publick. Christian « 


A pury Sernt, Matt. xxvii. 25 (Seager) y 
were permitted by their conquerors freely and seek to 
exercise their religion. Li | J. Jounson Orient. Voy. 357 
ahey have a regular form of g and t 


Prescorr Ferd. & Js. u. v. 478 [Xi ] exercised hi ~ P bi 
with fasts, vi A foe strij “4 1842 Miss Mrtrorp in L’Es- d. To perform or practise acts of (Jeatice, 
trange Life fir ix. 142 He exercised the horses at New- | cruelty, oppression, duplicity, ete.). Cf 1 

market. Yasne Chron. 1. xxxii. 25 Gurguncius. .exercisyd 


b. transf. To practise soldiers in the use of 

(weapons) ; to put (a gun) through its evolutions. 

1713 Appison Cazo u. vi, I'll draw up my Numidian troops 
+. to exercise their arms. 1836 Marrvar Afidsh. Easy 
xviii, Exercising the great guns on board ship. 

+c. To accustom, inure. Ods. 

1558 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. iv. 6 To exercise the 
— majesty’s subjects to obedience. 1607 ‘TorseELt 

our. Beasts (1673) 110 In the mean time exercise them 
to meat, 

4. To give employment to; to engage the atten- 
tion or feelings of; to tax the powers of. 
1538 Starkey England u. i, 176 Such poverty, exercysyth 
wel the pytuose dees of them wych have enough. 1614 
Raceicn //ist. World 11. 71 The continuall Warres which 
exercised King Darius. 1780 Harris Philol. Eng. Wks. 
(1841) 394 The authors of our own country. . having exercised 
many critics of learning. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, /ndia 11. 
1v. v. 170 The situation was calculated to exercise Hindu 
duplicity and address, 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 


Segre to his subiects. 1548 Hatt Chron, 223 Thei exer- 
cised. their crueltie, against their awne selfes. 16xx Suaks, 
Cymb. v. iv. 82 No longer exercise, U a valiant Race, 
thy harsh. .iniuries. @1703 Burxrrt On N. 7. Matt. vii. 5 
= — ete 5. ging of ourselves. 1791 Po ager 
‘orr. (1844) ° mu ys 
tyra ever was exercised in a like case, 1818 Jas. Mu. 
vit. India U1, v. viii. The greatest oppression was 
evident! ised upon happy ¢ 
e. To discharge, fulfil (functions); to exert, 
wield, (dominion, palmer etc.). ' 
1590 Mar.owe 2nd Pt. Ta wv. i, L exercise a greater 
name, The scourge of God. sigh Whole Dety Mas xing 
108 Those. . who presume to exercise the offices of it, 
without being lawfully called toit. a 17¢ Locate 
dominion which their governours had a right to over 
them. 1736 Butter Anad. 1, iii. Wks. 1874 1. 1 Monee ape 


of the. .same kind with that, which a master 


Pl servants. BR hanks Morris Life§ La sa L. ud 
t engrosses nections t incapable exercisin 
any. 1828 D’Isragui Chas. /, I. vi. 150 late exiles... 


EXERCISED. 


attempted to exercise their ministry. 1880 L. SterHEeN 
Pofe v. 111 Swift did not exercise either so gentle or so im- 
perial a sway as Addison. 

f. Of things: To ‘ exert’, possess efficiently 

(force, influence, effect). 

1862 H. Spencer First Princ, u. iv. $ 54 (1875) 178 The 
force which a given quantity of matter exercises, remains 
always the same, 1867 Sites ts Eng. xi. (1880) 
179 The Exodus of the French Protestants exercised a 
highly important influence on European politics. 

é. absol. or intr. for én in various senses, 

+a. To ply one’s calling, to ‘ practise’. Ods. 

1stx-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 11 That noo person. .take upon 

hym to excercise and occupie as a Phisicion. 1565 Act 8 

Elis. c. 13 § 5 Sea-faring Men..may freely and quietly ex- 

ercise and row in their own Wherries. : 

+b. To perform one’s office, practise, won. 

Also, To treat fon a subject. Obs. 

1610 Suaks. 77. 1. ii. 328 Vrchins Shall for that vast of 
night, that they may worke, All exercise on thee. 1616 Lane 
1 bt Tale 120 Wheare such surgeons on flesh exercise. 1703 

oxon Mech, Exerc. Pref.6 And lastly, as aclose to Smith- 
ing, I shall Exercise upon Steel, and its several Sorts. 

ce. ‘To go through exercises or evolutions; es. 
of soldiers, ‘to drill’. 

1606 SHaks. Ant. § Cl. 1. vi. 12 I’th’ common shew place 
where they exercise. 1 tr. Gaya’s Art of War u. 53 
Exercise. ézd. 57 Whilst the Pikes are exercising, the 
Musketteers are made to order, or rest upon their Arms. 
1697 Potter Axtig. Greece 1. vili. (1715) 38 For Wrestlers, 
Dancers, and all others that would, to Exercise at the same 
Time. 1782 Cowper Gilpizx 64 In which I bear my trusty 
sword When I do exercise. 

+d. To take exercise. Ods. 

1655 Mouret& Bennet Health's lmprov.(1746)211 Thirdly, 
Exercise not presently upon it [milk]. @ 1698 TempLe Health 
& Long Life Wks. 1720 I. 279 In the course of common 
Life, a Man must either often Exercise, or Fast, or take 
Physic, or be sick. 1734 J. RoGrers Ess. Epid. Dis. 257 A 
spare Diet is necessary, when we can’t Exercise. 

+7. intr. To conduct or engage in a religious 
exercise or service; to expound or interpret Scrip- 
ture. Obs. exc. Hist. Cf. EXERCISE sd. 10. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Just. Contents, Leaving the in- 
feriour manner of exercising which hee used among the 
Israelites. 1635 Winturor New Eng. (1853) I. 214 Mr. 
Shepherd prayed with deep confession of sin, etc., and ex- 
ercised out of Eph. v. 1649 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 38 
Lieutenant-Gen. Cromwell. .exercised yesterday at White- 
hall, to inquire of the Lord, etc. 1663 P. Henry Diaries § 
Lett, (1882) 130 In y® morning I exercis’d at home, I hope 
to edification. 

Exercised (e'ksoisaizd), Af/. a. 
-ED1,] In senses of the vb. 

Exercised act: tr. med.L. actus exercitus, a scholastic 
term used in various senses opposed to actus signatus ; in 
Duns Scotus it means specific being viewed in itself, not as 
an object of predication. See Exercrep, Exercite a. 

1552 Hutoet, Exercised, Exercitatus. 1590 C. S. Right 
Relig. 19 He..disclaimeth .. such exercised lordship ouer 
the Cleargie. 1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 37 We must be 
all exercised souldiers. 1607-12 Bacon £ss. Fortune (Arb.) 
379 The exercised fortune maketh the Able man. 1628 T. 

PENCER Logick 53 Therfore the end hath an actiue, and an 
exercised act, in the producing of the effect. 1631 T. May 
tr. Barclay’s Mirr, Mindes u. 33 The strongest and most 
exercised head in Contemplation. 1690 Penn Rise § Progr. 
Quakers (1834) 63 We were an exercised people. 1791 Bos- 
WELL Yohnson an. 1756 We. .venerate in Tonon one of the 
most exercised minds that our holy religion hath ever formed. 
1841 Myers Cath. Th, 1. § 40.147 Questions. .decided..by 
the exercised faculties of each spiritual mind. 

Exerciser (e‘ksoisoizo1). [f. EXERCISE v. + 
-ER1,] One who or that which exercises. 

1. In senses of the vb. Const. of. 

1552 Hu oer s. v., Exerciser of anye of these fiue games. 
1604 Const. § Canons Eccl. cxxvi, Possessours & Exercisers 
of peculiar Iurisdiction. c16r9 Hirron Wes. I. 16 Crosses 
.-are trialls of faith, exercisers of patience. 1686 J. Srr- 
GEANT Monast. Conventions 11 They [the monks of St. 
Basil] became so industrious, that their Monastery was 
called the place of Exercise, and they the Exercisers. 1805, 
W. Taytor in Aun. Rev. IIL. 240 Excellent sharp-shooters 
and exercisers. 1831 Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 146 The. .vir- 
tual exercisers of the elective privilege. 1864 Dickens in 
Daily Tel. 12 May, [The player's] is not a vocation the 
exerciser of which can profit by the labours of others, 

2. An apparatus for exercising the limbs, etc. 

1889 The Voice (N. Y.) 3 Oct. Advt., The best health ex- 
erciser'on the market. Zod, A. B. and Co’s Home-ex- 
erciser. 

Exerc (e‘ksorssizin), vd/. sd. [f. ExEr- 

- CISE v.+-ING!,] The action of the verb Exzr- 

CISE; an exercise. Also aétrzb. 

1509 Fisner 7 Penit. Ps. li. Wks. 100 The excercysynge 
and doynge of many good werkes. 1548 R. Hutren Sz 
Diuinity 266 They be exercisynges of faythe. 1616 Binc- 
HAM tr. 4lian’s Tacticks 156 In exercising you must onely 
use these three termes of direction. Make ready. te 
Give fire. 1631 Goucr God’s Arrows 111. xi. 206 All sorts of 


[f. prec. + 


trainings and ene ot armes. 1709 W. BisHop in Bad- 
lard MSS, (Bodleian) XXXI. 54 The Free Exerciseing of 


Their Religion. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Exercising- 
apparatus, an apparatus for the use of gymnasts, or for 
the training of special | 
{ Used gerundially with the omission of 27. 

1736 CHANDLER Hist, Persec. 358 Whilst these severities 
were exercising against Protestants, 

Exercising (e‘ksarssizin), A/a. [f. as prec. 
+-ING?.] That exercises. 

171x Suarress. Charac. (1737) I. 343 The exercising- 
authors of this kind have been above describ’d, in the 
beginning of this treatise. 


403 


tExe'rcist, 00s. rare—". [f. EXence v. + -187.] 
One who practises (religious) exercises. 

1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. 245 Mr. Ignatius’s Rules 
for his meditating Exercists. A 

Exercitant (egzd:ssitint). [a. F. exercitant, 
ad. L. exercttant-em, pr. pple. of exercitare, fre- 
quentative of exercére to exercise: see EXERCE.] 
One who is engaged in spiritual exercises. 

3858 Faser Life Xavicr 465 He gave the spiritual exer- 
cises of his blessed father Ignatius ; though generally speak- 
ing the exercitants were chiefly confined to the first week. 
1890 Zadlet 30 Aug. 356 The exercises were to lead the 
exercitant, to saintliness. 

+ Exe'rcitate, pa. pple. Obs. [ad. L. exerct- 
tat-us, pa. pple. of exercitare: see prec.) Exer- 
cised ; é..¢. with spiritual discipline. 

c1425 tr. 7. a Kempis’ Consol. . ix, He is not hye yn 
contemplacion of god, yet [ead bat] is not exercitate for god 
in som tribulacion. /d/d. 11. xxi, So mi3tily temptid, so 
greuously troublid, so manifolde preued and exercitate. 

Exercitation (egzd:1sit‘fon), Forms: 4-5 
exercitacion, -cioun, 6 exercetation, -cyta- 
cyon, 5~exercitation. [ad. L. exercitation-em, 
n. of action f. exercitd-re: see EXERCITANT.] 

1. The exercising, putting in operation, or exert- 
ing (of faculties, powers, etc.) ; an instance of this. 

1374 CHaucer Boeth. 1. vi. 140 Pei sholden conferme pe 
vertues of corage by pe vsage and exercitacioun of pacience. 
1603 Fiorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 304 Asclepiades [held 
the soul to be] an exercitation of the senses. 1743 Fir 
¥. Wild i. iii, He was. .never detected in such furtive com- 
positions, nor indeed in any other exercitations of his great 
talents. 1829 SoutuEey S’v 7. More 11. 109 They have an 
ambitious propensity for intellectual exercitation. 1880 J. B. 
Crozier Relig. Future iim 123 Emerson’s religion requires 
no. .exercitations of the imagination to vivify it. 

+2. The practising (of a trade), habitual per- 
formance (of actions). Oés. 

1579 Burgh Rec. Aberd. in Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. 1. 
xiv. (1876) 480 The exercetation of all crafts. 1633 J. Done 
Hist. Septuagint 180 You use to Whet and sharpen your 
understanding in the exercitation of high deedes and gests. 

b. An accustomed employment, a duty belong- 


ing to one’s office. 

1737 Common Sense (1738) 1. 20 Not to mention what a 
fatal Hinderance a prominent Abdomen would prove to his 
royal Exercitations in the Seraglio. 1760 GoLpsM. Cét. Il. 
v, His health..is still pretty well; nor is he in the least 
unfit. .for any kind of royal exercitation, /dd. cix. 

3. The training (of a person or his faculties) by 
practice ; practice (of an art, etc.) for the sake of 
improvement; an instance or a mode of this. 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 21 The second was exercitacion and usage 
in dedis of armes. 1586 FreRNE Blas. Gentrie Ded., From 
industrious exercitations many vtillities. .do flowe and source. 
1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 283/2 Nothing in Life 
can be rightly done without exercitation, 1713 STEELE 
Englishm. No. 38. 244 Let us for our own Exercitation. .turn 
to the Description of it. 1748 Cue » Lett. II. clxiv. 
97 Consider them [systems] only as exercitations for the 
mind. 183r Soutney in Q. Nev. XLIV. 99 The practice 
had become so much an exercitation of subtlety, on the 
part of its professors. 1864 Lowet. Biglow P. Wks. (1879) 
313 The writing of verses is a good rhetorical exercitation. 

+b. Spiritual discipline. Oés. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. i. (1495) 748 Some 
beestes ben made for exercitacion of man..and therfore ben 
made flyes and lyce. c1q425 tr. 7. &@ Kewipis’ Consol, u. ix, 
Whan spiritual exercitation is 30ven of god, receiue it with 
ark perrees, 

+4. Exercise of the body; a mode of exercise. 

1382 Wycuir 1 7772. iv. 8 Bodili excercitacioun, or trauel- 
ing, or abstinence, to litil thing is profytable. @ 1500 Prose 
Legends in Anglia VIII. 154 Exercitacyone of body she 
sette litil by. 154z R. CopLanp Galyen’s Terap. 2 Cij, Ye 
ought to haue cure of all the body, in strengthyng it with 
dyuers exercytacyons. 1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. 
Learn w, ii. 191 Walking [is good] against the crudities of 
the stomack, and for other diseases other exercitations. 1658 
Row ann Moufet’s Theat, Ins. 898 ‘To the Conservation or 
keeping of Bees, many things are required, to wit, orderly 
diet. .air, exercitation. . 

5. Devotional exercise ; an act of public or pri- 
vate worship. 

1655-60 StanLey Hist. Philos. 111. 1. 31 He had morning 
exercitations at his own house. 1673 Penn The Chr. a 
Quaker x. Wks. 558 Spiritual Exercitation. 1792 G. Wake- 
FIELD Exguiry 14 Diurnal exercitations for spiritual im- 
provement. 1828 CarLy.e J7/¢sc, (1857) 1. 101 Werner appears 
to have assisted at certain ‘ Spiritual Exercitations’. 

6. An exercise or display of skill, esp. literary 
or oratorical; a written or spoken disquisition, 


essay, discourse. 

1632 J. Weemse (¢it/e) Divine Exercitations, containing 
divers Questions and Solutions for the right understanding 
of the Scriptures. 1689 Dial. Tim. §& Titus 39 (heading) A 
Friendly and Cordial Exercitation to my Brethren in the 
Ministry. 17.. in Somers Zvacts II. 240 Scaliger, in his 
323d Exercitation against Cardan. 1736 Neat Hist, Purit. 
ith. 162 He..published a Latin exercitation upon the same 
subject. 1816 Scorr Old Mort, Introd., Indulging. .a flowing 
..diction in his prose exercitations. 1876 C. M. Davies 
Unorth. Lond. 352 Avery wild panological itation, 
1877 M. Arnotp Last Ess, on Ch. 22 The superb exercita- 
tions of Bossuet.or the reasoning and rhetoric of Pascal. 

+ Exercita‘tor. Oés. rare. [a. L. exercitator, 
agent-n. f. exercitd-re : see prec.] One who writes 
an ‘ exercitation ’. 

1649 NEEDHAM Case Commw, 21 The Exercitator objects, 
that the present Governours have usurped over the Majority 
of the House. 1650 A, A. Reply Sanderson 10 The Exer- 


EXERGUAL. 


citator .. confesses.. That such an Oath may be .. sus- 
pended. i 

+ Exercita‘tory, ¢. Obs. rare—'. [ad.L. ex- 
ercitatoré-us, {. exercitare; see EXERCITATION.] 
Of the nature of an exercitation or dissertation. 

1672 Life & Death of Arminius & Episc. u. 4 Diligent 
and industrious in disputations, and exercitatory Sermons. 

+ Exercite, 54.1 Obs. Also 5 excercyte, 
-syte, exeercyte. [a. OF. exercite, ad. L. exer- 
citus army (w stem), action of exercising, hence 
concr., {£, exercére: see EXERCE v.] An army, 
host. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt, 21 In that tyme were baptysed. . 
thre thousand men of hys excersyte. 1 — Eneydos xxii. 
83 He sawe the felawes of the Emmendes and alle their ex- 
cercyte. c1490 — Blanchardyn (1890) 9 He arryued wyth 
alle his Exeercyte nyghe to the oost of Subyon. rgs0 J. 
Coke Eng. & Fr. Herald § 72 (1877) 81 Wyllyam Conquerour 
. passed, with his exercite of the noble Englyshemen, into 
Fraunce. 2 ‘ 

+ Exe'rcite, s/.2 Os... Forms: 5 excersite, 
-yte, 5-6 exercite, -citie, -cyte. [a. OF. ever- 
cite, of obscure formation; perh. f. exervciter (sec 
EXERCITE v.) ; possibly ad.L. exerci/us (see prec.).] 
In various senses of Exercise sé. Drilling (of 
soldiers) ; practice (of virtue, etc.) ; occupation (of 
time); discharge (of the duties of an office) ; also, 
exercite of = practices preparatory to. 

1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 20 It is tyme. .to forsake the false 
goddes..whyche..do no thynge but excersite of dampna- 
cyon. 1489 — /aytes of A.1. vii. 15 The excercyte of their 
offyce. 1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. ve W. 1506) U1. iii. 148 
Excellente in contemplacyon, & in the exercyte or usynge 
of lyfe spyrytuall. —a@1533 Lp. Brerners Gold. Bh. M1. 
Aurel, (1546) R iija, The kepyng of hyr selfe [Lucrece] close 
in her house, the exercytie of her tyme. 

+Exercite, f//. a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. exer- 
cttus, pa. pple. of exercére: see EXERCE.] In Lx- 
ercite act =‘ exercised act’; see EXERCISED A/. a. 

1711 tr. Werenfelsius’ Disc. Logomachys 101 Then [follow] 
Acts. .divided, signate, exercite. 

+ Exercite, v. Ols. Also 5 excercyte. [a. 
OF. exerciter to exercise, ad. L. exercitdre: see 
Exercitant.] ¢vans. To exercise, practise ; to dis- 
cipline, drill ; to wield, bring into play (a weapon). 

1475 Bk. Noblesse 27 Good men of armes well lerned and 
exercited. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 427/4 He excercytyng 
and ocupyeng hym in thys holy operacion or werke. ¢ 1500 
AMelusine 224 In many other appertyse of armes they exer- 
cyted them self. 1541 R. Coptanp Galyen’s Terap. 2B 
The boke of medycamentes, wherin it behoueth to be exer- 
cyted who soeuer wyll take any fruyte of these present 
comentaries. 1556 J. O[LpE] tr. Walther's Antichrist 161 
But the material sweord must be exercited for the churche, 
and the spiritual sweorde of the churche. 

+ Exerci'tion. Sc. Ods. vare. In 6 -tioun(e. 
fad. L. exercttion-em, n. of action f. exercére : 
see EXERCE.] 

a. Exercise, whether bodily or mental. b. Mili- 
tary exercise, drill. ¢. Enforcement (of law). 

1525 Sc. Acts Yas. V (1816) 295 Pe hail lordis referris the 
exercitioune of the Kingis maist noble persoune to the dis- 
crecioune of the Lordis being with him for be tyme. 1528 
Lynpesay Dream 874 Quhy want we lawis Exersitioun ¢ 
1536 BELLENDEN Cvox. Scot. (1821) I. p. x Corporall exer- 
citioun of the handis. 1540 Sc. Acts Fas, V (1814) 363 ‘That 
exercitioune may be had throwout all be realme amangis all 
our souirane lordis liegis for exercing of pare personis in 
ordoure. 1552 App. HAMILTON Catech. (1884) 16 Tha war 
ordanit also for our. .spiritual exercitioun. 

|| Exercitor (egzausitg1). Aoman Law. [Lat. 
exercitor, agent-n. f. exercére.] (See quot.) 

1850 Burret Law Dict. s. v., The exercitor was bound 
for the acts of the master. 1880 Murrneap tr. /ustit. Gaius 
Iv. § 71 Exercitor is the name given to the individual who 
is drawing the daily profits of the ship. ; 

Exercitorian, a. [f. L. exercitovi-us (f. x- 
ERCITOR: see prec.) + -AN.] Of or pertaining to 
an exercitor. L.vercttortan action (see quots.). 

1880 Murrneap tr. /stit. Gains 494 Exercitorian action, 
a pratorian action iz solidum granted to a creditor against 
a paterfamilias or owner, who, as exercitor of a ship, had 
placed his /i/ius familias or slave in charge of it. 

|| Exerga‘sia. Riet. Obs. Also 6 erron. ex- 
argasia. [a. Gr. éfepyaoia lit. ‘working out,’ f. 
eepya¢ecbar to work out, perfect, f. €€ out + 
épyacecOa to work, f. épyov work.] (See quots.) 

1589 Putrennam Zug. Poesie 11. xx. (Arb.) 254 Exargasia 
..a terme transferred from these polishers of marble. 1657 J. 
Smitn Jiyst. Rhet. 221 Exergasia..a figure when we abide 
still in one place, and yet seem to speak divers things, 
many times repeating one sentence, but yet with other 
words, sentences and exornations. 1721-1800 in BatLey. 

aE Exerga'stic a. Obs. In 7 erron. exargastic. 
[ad. Gr. eepyaorix-ds able to accomplish, f. éé- 
epyacecOa, f. eg out + épyaéc@a to work.] Tend- 
ing to work out. 

1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. (1834) 292, I could have in- 
troduced, in case of obscurity, synonymal, exargastick, and 
palilogetick elucidations. = 

+ Exergasy. Ods.—° Anglicized form of Ex- 
ERGASIA. 1730-6 in Battery (folio). 1775 in Asn. 

Exergual (egzs1gil), a. [f. next+-a.] Per- 
taining to the exergue. 

1856 SmytH Rom. Fam. Coins 233 The exergual letters 
are cut clearer than those in the field. 1864 Evans Cozus 
Anc. Britons 299 There is an exergual line. 


1-2 


EXERGUE. 


Exergue (e'kssig, egzs1g). Numism. Also 7 
exerge, -urg. [a. F. exergue (used freq. by De Bie 
1634), app. f Gr. é out + €pyov work; prob, in- 
tended as a quasi-Gr. rendering of Fr. hors-d’auvre, 
something lying outside the work.] A small 
space usually on the reverse of a coin or medal, 
below the principal device, for any minor inscrip- 
tion, the date, engraver’s initials, etc. Also, the 
inscription there inserted. 

1697 Evetyx Numism. vy. 188 Position of the Legenda.. 
some on the Exerge only. did. Exurg. 1761 Phil. 
Trans. LI. 29 The inscription in the exergue is formed of 
the Etruscan characters. 1842 Branpe Dict. Sc. Lit.& Art 
833/1 When occupying the lower extremity of the rau and 
separated from the rest by a horizontal line, they [the words] 
are termed the exergue. 1864 C. W. Kixc Guostics 54 In 
the exergue is set out a table supporting a loaf. i 

transf. 1851 Lanpor Pofery 49 Never tear a hole in the 
exergue of the pantaloon because they have been sitting in 
a dirty place. : 

Exe . [Latinized form of prec., as if ad. 
Gr. *éfepyov.] = prec. 

1730-6 in Baitey Folic). 1856 W. H. Smytu Catad. 
Northumberland’s Rom. Family Coins 232 On the exergum 
P(ublius) Galb(a). 

+ Exerrt, pple. and pf/. a. Obs. [ad. L. ex s)ert-us 
pa. pple. of exserére to Exert.] Used as pa. pple. 
of next. Also as ff/. a. EXSERT, EXSERTED. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 1. xxxix, The self-same 
power (Which is exert upon each mortall wight). /ééd. 1. ii. 
1. i, To view the various frie from their dark wombs exert. 
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., They [the teeth] 
are not exert or serrate in any [animals] that are lacmed > but 
concavous in all. 

Exert (egzs1t), v. [f. L. exert-, better exsert-, 
ppl. stem of exserére to put forth, bring out, f. ex- 
out + serérve to bind, entwine. The formation is 
prob. due to antithesis with zzserére to INSERT. 
See Exsrrt v.] 

+1. trans. To thrust forth; to push out or up; 
to discharge (a seed); to emit (light, etc.). Ods. 
Cf. ExsErt. 

1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. Relig. u. v. 231 The seeds of 
venome. .will infallibly be exerted to our mischief. «@ 1688 
Cupwortn /mmut. Mor. w.i. § 11 He that should say the 
Sun had a Power of exerting Light out of his own Body. 
1690 J. Banister in Phil. Trans. XVII. 671 The Film, 
the Nautilus .. exerts, may be analogous to this. 1697 
Dryven Virg. sia u. 596 Apple Trees, whose Trunks 
are strong to bear Their spreading Boughs, exert themselves 
in Air. 1708 J. Puities Cyder 1. 60 The Orchart loves to 
wave With Winter Winds, before the Gems exert Their 
feeble Heads. 

+b. To bring to light (something previously 
hidden) ; to exhibit, reveal. Also, to put forth 
in action (one’s latent character). Ods. [Cf. L. 
paulatim exseruit principem, Suet. Tid.) 

a1700 Drypen (J.), The several parts lay hidden in the 
piece, Th’ occasion but exerted that or this. 1711 ADDISON 
Spect. No. 130 P 1 My Friend was in some doubt whether 
he should not exert the Justice of the Peace upon such a 
Band of Lawless Vagrants. 1743 Fietpinc Wedding-day 
u. i, They lead us into ruin with the face of angels, and 
when the door is shut on us, exert the devil. 

2. To manifest in action, bring into active opera- 
tion (force, a quality, etc.); to exercise, bring to 
bear. + Zo exert every nerve = to strain every 
nerve. 

_ 1681 Fraver Right. Man's Ref. 210 God’s Faithfulness... 
is actuated, and exerted in his Providences. 1693 Sourn 
Serm, 582 The fore mentioned faith. . will. .recover and exert 
itself. ik Appison Sfect. No. 112 P 1 And exerting all 
such qualities as are apt to give them a figure in the eye of 
the Village. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xii, “Deborah exerted 
much ref in conjecturing. 1781 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 
453, I should have exerted every nerve for Mr. Laurens. 
1804 Med. ¥rnl. XII. 298 To exert a power truly consistent 
with their constitutional prerogative. 1816 J. Smitn Pano- 
rama Sc. & Art 11. 303 All bodies are capable of exerting 
electrical attraction. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. u. xxi. 344 Sup- 
posing..the unimpeded thrust of the whole glacier .. to 
exerted on the ice at the Montanvert, etc. a 1862 Buckie 
Misc. Wks. (1872) 1. 133 In the middle ages the influence of 
the church was almost invariably exerted on the side of 
order and peace. 

3. Zo exert oneself: to put forth one’s latent 
powers ; to use efforts or endeavours ; to strive. 

1736 ButLer Anal. 1. ii. Wks. 1874 I. 35 By thus exertin: 
ourselves, we obtain and ney these objects. 1796 H. 
Hunter tr. S¢. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 1.62 Every indivi- 
dual..is under obligation to exert himself for the general 
good, 1861 Trottore Barchester T. xiii, Every one must 
now exert himself who would not choose to go to the 


wall. 
+b. intr. for ref. Obs. 

1749 Puitirs Pastorals v, To try How art exerting, 
might with nature vie. x Mackintosn Law Nat. § 
Nations Wks. 1846 I. 363 Other men. -have exerted to dis- 
guise the most miserab places in the shape of 


ix. 

+4. To perform, practise. Ods. 

1662 Gianvitt Lux Orient. iii. 29 An occasioning him to 
exert an operation of his mind which he did not before. 
1667 Sypennam in J. Brown Hora# Subsec. Ser. 1. (1882) 125 
If it shall aa the Mercury shall. .exert its operation 
by stooles. a1716 Sourn (J.), When the will has exerted 
an act of command upon any ie the soul. 1757 
Burke Adbridgm, Eng. Hist. 11. iv, The youth. .after ex- 
a many useless acts of unfortunate bravery, fell in 

ttle. 


404 


Exerted (egzs-3téd), pp/. a. [f. prec. +-ED!, 
+L Tras ost; projecing Bo ae Obs. } 


Resistless, the War, 
Casthia ote, One sie was bare forher easrtad Brest. 3698 


and exerted. T. Amor Pope ) 1 

ex . y ¥. Buncle(x fe 
exerted piney ol several volutions. 806 Ki 
Entomol. iv. (1828) 1. 121 With a very long exerted 4 
1823 W. Scoressy ¥rui. North Whale Fishery 418 ‘The 
front teeth of both jaws would appear icboonnenl 

the life of the animal. fj * 

2. Roused to effort; brought into vigorous ac- 
tion ; strained. 

1675 M. Cuirrorp Hum. Reason in Phenix (1708) 11. 550 
Men often move their Bodies, without any particular ex- 
erted Thought of doing so. 1701 Rowe Amb, Step-moth. 1. 
i, The utmost Power of my exerted Soul Preserves a being 
only for your service. 1715-20 Pore /liad xvu. 767 His 
exerted sight Pass’d this that way, through the ranks 
of fight. /éid. xvu1. 833 Two mules. . with exerted strength, 
Drag some vast 7 

Hence Exe'rtedness, vave—', the quality of 
being exerted or brought into vigorous action. 

1681 H. More £xf. Dan. iii. it The ethereal purity, ex- 
ertedness, and activity of their [Angels’] nature. 

(egzaatin), vb. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-InGl.] The action of the vb. ExerT; ‘an in- 


stance of this, an exertion. 

1676 Hare Contemfl. 1. (1689) 260 This habit of piety in 
your soul. .will put forth actual exertings of it self in appli- 
cations of short occasional prayers. 1677 — Prim. Orig. 
Man, 1. i. 31 This analogical Providence. - though it accomo- 
date not it self to the finger in those exertings of those 
Senses of Seeing or hearing, yet, etc. 1695 Pepys Let. Tan- 


ner in Academy 23 Aug. (1890) 152/2 Inviteing our learned | 


Professor to y® exerting of his Strength. 
Exertion (egz3-sfan). [as if ad. L. *exertion- 


em (exsertion-em) : see EXERT v. and EXSERTION.] | 


+1. The action of putting forth; manifestation, 
display. Const. of. Obs. 


1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 252 O my Soul take | 


thy allowed pleasure in such exertions of God, as thou dost 
now experience in thyself. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 
33 Could we. oo the ideated man, and as he stood 
in the intellect o' 

@ 1768 SeckeR Serm. I. x, A proper exertion of that chear- 
fulness, which God hath plainly designed us to shew. 1796 
Jane Austen Sense § Sens. (1849) 99 An exertion of spirits, 
which increased with her increase of emotion. 


God upon the first exertion by creation. | 


2. The action or habit of exerting or putting | 
into active operation (an organ, the faculties, or | 


habit of the body or mind); the action of exer- 
cising or putting in force (power, a principle). 
Also an instance of this. Const. of 


3677 Hare Prim. Orig. Man,1.i.21 The several exertions | 
of the 


several organs relating to their several functions. 
1736 ButLer Axnad. 1. v. Wks. 1874 I. 88 Habits of the 


mind are produced by the exertion of inward practical | 


principles. 1756 Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. 1842 I. 15 A 
timidity which hinders the full exertion of his faculties. 
1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) 111. App. iii. 600 [Eliza- 
beth’s] imperious temper. .rendered her exertions of power 
violent and frequent. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia II. v. 
vi. 568 Carrying the exertion of their powers to a —— 
more extraordinary than they had before attempted. 1 
Scotr F. M. Perth xxiv, By a skilful exertion of strength 
and —— the body of Bonthron was placed safely on the 
ground. 


attrib, 1889 Pall Mall G. 2 Dec. 6/2 Exertion money, | 


that is, the girls are set to work against one another by the 
promise that those who work hardest shall be paid. .extra. 
3. The action of exerting oneself; vigorous ac- 
tion; effort; an instance or mode of exerting 
oneself, 
1777 Rosertson //ist. Amer. I. u. 125 The constitution 
of their bodies [was] naturally. .unaccustomed to the labo- 


rious exertions of industry. pose Beresrorp Miseries | 


Hum, Life (1826) u. xxxvi, Working the dumb-bells and 
other irrational exertions. 1810 WeLuncton in Gurw. 
Disp. V1. 327 To stimulate others to similar exertions. 


1844 THirLWALL Greece VIII. Ixi. 100 The fire was soon | 


extinguished by the exertions of the soldiers. 1855 Sir H. 
Dovuctas Mil. Bridges vi. 289 Eve’ 


made..to restore a passage. 1860 


health. .was as yet unequal to the exertion of ing. 

Exertive (egz51tiv), 2. [f. Exenr v. + -1ve.] 

1. Tending to exert or rouse to action. 

1836-7 Sin W. Hamitton A/efaph. xi. (1877) 1. 186 Exer- 
tive faculties, the best expression to denote the faculties— 
of will and desire. 1881 J. C. Dotan in Pennsylv. Sch. 
Frnl. XXX. 82 The will is universally conceded to be the 
conative or exertive faculty, 

2. (Meaning obscure : perh. some error in text.) 
_ 1560 Rotianp Cr¢, Venus 1, 24 Be Fische in flude swowm- 
ing so exertiue. 

+ Exertment. 0¢s. rave! [f. Exert v. + 
-MENT.] The action of exerting; display, exer- 
tion. 

1696 Epwarns Exist. § Provid.God 1. 153 This unusual 
exertment of divine providence we of this nation .. have 
lately felt with surprise. 1860 Worcester cites CLARKE. 

+ Exe’sion. Ods. [as if ad. L, *exdsion-em, n. 
of action f. exedére (see EXEpE), f, ex- out + edere 
to eat.] The action of eating out. 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Zp. wt. xvi. 145 Theophrastus 
.,denieth the or f h h the belly (of the 
viper]. hae ay Bonet's Merc. Compit. 87 Exesion is made 
by tarrying for Concoction. 1775 in Asn, 

Bxestuate, -ating, -ation: see ExmsrvuatE. 


exertion Id be | 
YNDALL Glac, 1. xxii. | 


152 To keep up the per supply of heat by increased | 
exertion. 1876 j.a Newnast Hist. Sk. 1. 1. i. 247 His 


, a , 1% 


EXFOLIATE. 


Exeter (eksita:). The name of an ee od 
city, used attrié. in Exeter-elm (see quot.). , 
as the name of a bait for salmon. 

a Garden 11 Nov. 419/3 The Exete Seek simply a. 
ec variety. ‘isheri eZ le = 
tg Estoy A vartow tice Bas for Saince” 

ll + (e*kszjont), v. [L. exeunt they go out, 
3rd. pl. pres. indic. of exive to go out: sec 
Exit.] A stage direction (orig. Exeant: sce 
EXEatT) Reine tt at this point two or more 
actors leave stage. Soin Zxeunt omnes ‘all 
go out’, a direction for all to retire. 

c 1485 Dig Myst. (1882) 1v. 832 We shall gife hire at- 
erat da asians i en Ei 

s . reunt. 
A Drypen State Innoc. mi. i, [Stage direction]. .the two 
Angels exeunt an Criticu. ii, Exeunt 
praying..would vary ea hiihiat nacia Gf ducineine of 
with a glance at the pit. 
|| Ex facie (eks fé'-fiz). Sc. Law. [L. ex out of 
+facié, abl. of facies face.] On (Ht. from) the 
face (of a document); so far as appears from the 
document itself. Also attrib. 

1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scot. 48/2 A deed ex facie valid 
and regular, but..reducible on the head of deathbed, etc. 
lbid., Ex facie wullities, whether at common law or founded 
on statute, are pleadable by way of exception. 

Exfamiliation (e:ksfami:li,2i-fon). rave—1. [n. 
of action f. Ex- + L. familia family, on analogy of 
expatriation.] Exclusion from a family. 

1879 Hearn Aryan Household 131 This power of admission 
on the one side, and on the other side of expatriation, or, 
perhaps, I should rather say of exfamiliation. 


Exfetation (eksfitzi-fan). Med. rare—°. Also 
exfoetation. [f. Ex- pref! + L. feté-re to im- 
pregnate: see -anos.f Imperfect fetation in 
some organ exterior to the uterus’ (Hoblyn 1858). 

Exfiltration (e:ksfiltréifon). rare—'. [n. of 
action f. Ex- pref.1+ FItt(z)R: see -aTIoNn.] The 
action or process of filtering out. 

Lawrence tr. Cotta’s Rocks Class. 25 Zeolites ‘are 
products of exfiltration or of the internal decomposition and 
transmutation of the mother rock.’ 

Exflect (eksflekt), v. varve—'. [f. Ex- + L. flect- 
ére to bend, turn.] ¢vans. To bend out or outwards. 

1877 Coves Fur Anim. vii. 204 The lower border is.. 
emarginate, and the angle itself is scarcely. .exflected. 

Ex-focal (eksfokal), a. vare—'. [f. Ex- 
prefi+¥ocat.) Not ing through the focus. 

188: T. Stevenson in Nature XXIII. 560 The ex-focal 
rays proceeding from the outer edges of the flame. 

+ Exfo'diate. v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. exfodi= 


| stem of exfodére (effodére) to dig out or up (f. ex- 


out De te to dig)+-aTE3.] /¢rans. To dig out. 
a 1860 ‘ Used somewhere by H. H. Wilson’ (F. Hall). 

Hence Exfodiated ///. a. Exfodia'tion, the 
action or pppoe of digging out ; in quot. fig. 

1 Hull Advertiser 24 Oct. 4/3 The women oman 
wash the..exfodiated clay. 1823 aoe Moat es Vit. 
124 It was y that he should attain the light by a 
process of exfodiation [printed exfodation). 

‘cetation, var. form of ExFrEraTIoNn. 
Exfoliate (eksfou'lijit), v. [f. late L. exfoliat- 
pl. stem of exfolidre to strip of leaves, f. ex- (see 
x- pref.) + folium leaf: see -aTE3, (In Fr. ex- 
folier.) Cf. Evvoutate.} 

1. trans. a. Pathol. To cast off, shed (the cuticle, 
the stirface of a bone) in the form of ‘ leaves’ or 
scales. b. Surg. To remove the surface of (a 
bone, etc.) by exfoliation. 

1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 391 Nature doth 
of her self exfoliate, and cast off the i _ 
Snapwett Humorist v, 1 have hurt myself just upon 
shin-bone that was exfoliated. oa Doron Med. 
n. 588 It is an excellent thing to and exfoliate Bones. 
sree Mow, Frnl. 1. 446 The other [wound] continued .. to 
exfoliate a little bone. 1810 Charac. in Ann. Reg. 1808 
116 Animals that exfoliate ir cuticle an: f° 

2. intr. Of a bone, horny substance, a scar, the 
skin, etc.: To separate or come off in thin leaf- 
like layers or scales; to desquamate, scale off. 

ISEMAN Chirurg. Treat. u. vii. 184 The Heel-bone 

..rarely exfoliates by rough handling. 1774 Gotvsm. Vat. 
Hist, (1862) 1. 1. vi. 26 (1 horny helmet of the casso- 
vary) exfoliates slowly like the beg 1807 Med. Frni. 


lon; 


278 The eschar p’ 
very kindly, 1818 Ar¢ Preserv. Feet 177 The nails. .are 
subject .. to exfoliate. G. Bro Urin, Deposits 
‘ed. 5) 359 The warm bath was daily used as soon as the skin 
to exfoliate. 


Kane Arct. Expl. U1. xi. 34 Down 
with a frozen heel ; pon be exfoliatin; 


B- 
3. transf. a. Of the cellular tissue of trees: To 


— Fe trees. _— ergo Pete 3 HR, n 

of trees, one on the other... 

in the open tis. x J. Hovtanp Manuf, Metals 1. 152 
The wrought iron exfoliates, or separates in lamine. 
Murcuison Silur. Syst. 1. xxxvi. 501 columnar ° 
stone exfoliates at t of 1862 Dana 
Man, Geol. 64 Before the it — ret 


EXFOLIATION. 


4. trans. In etymological sense: To unfold the 


leaves of ; to open out, develop. In quot. fig. 

1808 Knox & Jess Corr. I. 447 To make a sermon out of 
one of his discourses. .partly, by exfoliating ideas, that are 
like he ym 31877 Wraxatt tr. Hugo's Miserables v. 
XXxix. 26 i foliated t 

Hence Exfo'liated, Exfoliating A//. adjs. 

1676 Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. v. ix. 398 The exfoliated 
edges of the bone. 1859 Reeve Brittany 236 The columns 
were —_ rusty and exfoliated. 1882 Tes 23 Mar. 9/5 
The dust of their exfoliating skin. aa 

Exfoliation (eksfouli,zi-fan). [a. F. exfoliation, 
f. as prec. : see -ATION.] 

1. Surg. and Path. The action or process of 
exfoliating. 

1676 Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. wv. iv. 264 The bone laid 
bare in order to Exfoliation. c17z0 W. Gisson Farrier’s 
Dis, . 1. i. (1734) 25 Euphorbium..It’s Tincture is often 
applied to Bones that are laid bare, to hasten an Exfolia- 
tion. 1741 Monro Axaz. (ed. 3) 51 The Exfoliation which 
Cartilages are subject to. M. Battie Morb. Anat, 
(1807) 89 The cricoid cartilage, being converted into bone, 
was separated by exfoliation. 1851 CarreNnteR J/ax. Phys. 
Ne 2)173 This moulting is precisely analogous to the ex- 
foliation and new formation of the Epidermis, in Man. 

b. transf. Cf. EXFOLIATE 3. 

180z Prayrarr Jdlustr. Hutton. Th, 31 This stone is.. 
subject to perpetual exfoliation. 1816 R. Jameson Char. 
Min, (1817) 204 Exfoliation, or the separation of the folia 
of a mineral from each other. 1848-53 Layarp Nineveh ix. 
223 A kind of exfoliation had taken place on the surface of 
the glass vase. 1860 TynpDALL Glac. 1. i. 6 The exfoliation 
of rails, the fibres of iron, etc. 1884 Bower & Scorr De 
Bary’s Phaner. & Ferns 413 In old age they [parenchyma- 
tous cells] die off.. after breaking up into layers or rows 
(exfoliation). ‘ : 

2. That which is exfoliated; an exfoliated por- 
tion ; a ‘coat’ or layer in the stem of a tree. 

1750 G. HuGues Barbadoes 110 The several exfoliations 
of its [a tree’s] po part were equal in number to its 
branches. 18: INDLEY J/ntrod. Bot. (1848) I. 238 The 
spongelets of the aerial roots consist of..exfoliations of the 
epiphleum. 1876 Gross Dis. Bladder 27 Such casts. .are 
mistaken for exfoliations of the lining membrane. 4 

xfoliative (eksfau'lictiv), z and sd. f[a. F. 
exfoliatif, -ive, f. i aaa ad. L. exfoliare: see 


EXFOLIATE v. + -IVE. 
A. adj. ‘Capable of causing, or favourable to, 
exfoliation’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

1730-6 Batvey (folio), Ex/foliative Trepan, one proper to 
scrape, and at the same time to pierce a bone, and so to ex- 
foliate or raise several leaves or flakes one after another. 
1746 Amyanp in P&il. Trans. XLIV. 196 With the exfo- 
liative Trepan, to make a fair Spades into the medullary 
Cavity of the Bone. 1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 494 Occa- 
sionally an exfoliative effort is seen on the surface of the eye. 

B. sb. Something which produces exfoliation. 

1676 Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. 11. vii. 185 Dress the Bone 
with the milder Exfoliatives, and keep the Ulcer open, till 
the burnt Bone cast off. : 

Exforcipate (eksfossipeit) nonce wd. [f. Ex- 
profl+L. forcip-em forceps+-ate 3.) trans. To 
extract with a forceps. In quot. fg. 

1838 Coteripce Lit. Rene. 111. 383 Wrapped up in the 
womb of this or that text of Scripture to be exforcipated by 
the logico-obstetric skill of High Church doctors. 

"se, v. Obs. rare—4, = EFFUSE v. 

1612 W. Parxes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 16 View with what 
delight and greedinesse of appetite he [the drunkard] in- 
fuseth and exfuseth, powres out and powres in. 

+ Exge'nerate, v. Obs. rare. [f. Ex- prefl + 
GENERATE v.] trans. To generate or produce out 
of something else. Hence Exge‘nerated //. a. 

1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme’s Rent. Wks., Apol. Perfect. o 
The Divine Love is an Exgenerated Substance. Jdid., 2nd 
Apol. Tylchken 47 How is the New Birth performed in Us? 
is it oy aac in or exgenerating? is it not performed in us 
in our Souls 

Exgurgitate, obs. var. of Ecurerrare. Hence 
Exgurgita‘tion, Ods. (see quot.) 

1623-6 CockEeRAM, Exgurgitate, to vomit. 1730-6 Baitey 
(folio), Exgurgitation, a casting or voiding up. 

-. In the more common of the words 
beginning with these letters, such as exhaust, ex- 
hibit, the h is usually silent ; many persons, how- 
ever, sound it (esp. in deliberate or public utter- 
ance) when the word has the stress on the second 
syllable. To avoid inconvenient repetition the 
more frequent of the two alternative pronunciations 
will alone be indicated. In words of little colloquial 
currency the / is ordinarily sounded when it begins 
a stressed syllable, 

Exhe te, -ation, obs. ff. EXHEREDATE, 


-ATION. 

Exhalable (egz-, ekshzi-lab’l), a Also 7 
-ible. [f. EXHALE v. + -ABLE.] That can be ex- 
haled; capable of being evaporated. 

1675 Grew Anat. Plants, Lect. vi. (1682) 291 Plants, 


whose Virtue lieth in their exhalible Parts. @1691 Boyte 
Hist, Air viii. (1692) 29 The oe tg Exsiccation is de- 
prived of those liquid and exhalable Parts. 1748 Phi?. 
Trans, XL’ 1775 in AsH, 


es. XLV. 544 These exhalable Parts. 
7 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 
xhalant (egz-, eksjhéi:lint), z. and sd. Also 
=o Soa [a. Fr. exhalant, ad. L. exhalant-em, f. 
exhalére to EXHALE.] 
A. adj. 
1. That exhales, exhaling. 


405 


1811 Edin. Rev. XIX. 52 Carbonic acid..is..given out 
directly by the exhalent vessels of the lungs. 1854 Woov- 
warp Mollusca u. 243 The exhalent siphon [in Bivalves] 
has but a single row of tentacles. 1883 C. F. Hotper in 
Harper's Mag. Jan. 187/2 Their orifices so arranged that 
the inhalent are upon the outside of the cylinder, and the 
exhalent upon the inner side. 

2. Exhalant (artery, vessel, etc.) : that transfuses 
or conveys (blood, etc.) in minute quantities. 

1771 T. Percivat Zss. Med. & Experim.(1777) 1. 253 The 
lymph which is thrown out, from the exhalant arteries, into 
the intestines, 1782 A. Monro Anat. 35 These exhalent 
arteries must have corresponding absorbent veins. 1830 
R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 18t Exhalent arterioles opening 
at the surface of the peritoneum. 1847 Youatr forse xii. 
252 Increased action of the exhalent vessels. 


B. sé. An exhalant vessel or organ. Ods. 

1796 Mircuitt in Morse Amer. Geog. I. 200 note, Its 
odour resides in the cuticular exhalants. 1805 W, Saun- 
pers Mix. Waters 463 In fever. .the exhalents on the sur- 
face of the body will not admit of a free passage to the per- 
spirable fluid. 1820 E, P. Luscompe //ealth of Soldiers 46 
The Sun’s rays, by which the exhalants on the surface of 
the body are kept in a state of high excitement. a 1841 Six 
A. Coorer in T. Graham Dom. Aled. (1844) 407 Dropsy.. 
arises from an increased action of the exhalents. 

attrib, 1836 Topp Cyc?. Anat. 1. 605/1 The important 
exhalent function of the skin is annihilated. 

+ Exhalate, v. Ols. Also 7 exhallate. [f. 
L. exhalat- ppl. stem of exhalare to EXHALE.] 

1. ¢vans. a. Tosend off as vapour ;- to evaporate. 
b. To produce by evaporation. 


1598 Sy.vesteR Du Bartas ui. ii. (1608) 282 The flitting 
Clouds it [the sea] cease-les exhalates. 1599 A. M. tr. Gaded- 
houer's Bk. Physicke 70/1 Let it seeth till it be sodden, and 
exhalatede awaye the depth of thre fingers. 1600 W. 
Watson Decacordon (1602) 334 Dewes of cold. .deuotions. . 
mixt with exhalated smokes of..sublimed aspires. 1643 I. 
Steer tr. Fabricius’ Exp. Chirurg. xii. 47 Those sharpe.. 
humours may be exhallated..by the pores of the skin. 

2. intr. @. =EXHALE 2. b. (See quot. 1623.) 

1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 125/1 Cover the 
same least the vigor therof exhalate. 1623 CockERAM ), 
To Breath on something, E-rhalate, Euaporate. 

Exhalation (eksaléifon). Forms: 4-6 exa- 
lacion, (4 -tion, 5 -cyon, 6 -tione), 5 exala- 
cioun, -cyoun, 6-exhalation. [ad. L. exhdlation- 
em, n. of action f. exhalare to EXHALE.] 

1. The action or process of exhaling, breathing 
forth or throwing off in the form of vapour; evapo- 
tation. Const. of 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1. xv. (Tollem. MS.), To 
hot sunne .. makep to greet exalacion and wastynge of be 
kynde hete. c1g00 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. u. iii. 152 It is 
drede of sodeyn deep, for sodeyn exalacioun of pe spiritis. 
1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav. 1. xxxii. 39 The Feuer is dis- 
solued with .. exhalation and exsication. 1603 HoLtanp 
Plutarch’s Mor. 4x The aire .. by exhalation is elevated, 
and doth rise from the earth. 1 Grew Anat. Plants, 
Lect. ii. (1682) 240 Exhalation; when not only fumes, but 
visible steams are produced. 1836 Topp Cyc?. Anat. 1. 
135/2 The skin and pulmonary surface are the great imple- 
ments of exhalation among animals. 

Jig. 1670 G.H. Hist. Cardinals 1. 1.60 A Pinnacle of 
Grandeur above all exhalation of scandal. 

b. The action of emitting the breath ; expira- 
tion; an instance of this; a puff. Also fg. the blow- 
ing off or getting rid of (anger, excitement, etc.) 

2174 Nortu Lives I. 416 After these exhalations..his 
mind became more composed. 1834 T. Mepwin Axgler i 
Wales 1. 249 There are some who..shorten the brief span 
of our [a cigar’s] being, making it only a few volcanic ex- 
halations. iat Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims, Poet. & 
Imag. Wks. (Bohn) III. 159 The length of lines in songs 
--is determined by the inhalation and exhalation of the 
lungs. 1878 H. James Europeans I, ii. 73 Gertrude gave 
a little long, soft exhalation. 

2. concr. That which is exhaled ; a mist, vapour, 
etc.; an emanation or effluvium, a scent. Also collect. 

1393 Gower Conf. III. 95 Through divers exalations .. 
Men sene diverse forme appere Of fire. 1398 Trevisa 
Barth, De P. R. xiv. iii. (1495) 469 Hylles gendre exala- 
cyon, smokes and vapours. 1447 BokENHAM Seyztys (Roxb.) 
7 She ouery stynking exalacyoun Of pe eyr bare alwey 
ful heuyly. xs40-r Exryvor Jmage Gov. 64 Sickenesses, 
whiche undoubtedly dooe growe of corrupt exhalacions 
ventynge out of mens bodies. 1562 BuLteyn Bk. Simples 
1b, Abstain from soche meates, as.. make exalacion, or 
smoke up into the braine. 1610 RowLanps Martin Mark- 
all 32 So noysome an exhalation, that birds..are poysoned 
with the very breath and ayre thereof. 1750 JoHNsoNn 
Rambler No. 78 ® 2 The Indian wanders among his native 
spices without any sense of their exhalations. 1862 Meri- 
vaLeE Rom. Emp. (1865) VII. Ix. 282 Nero’s golden house 
had risen like an exhalation, and like an exhalation it dis- 
appeared, 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 117 
Pulmonary and cutaneous exhalations of men, “ 

fg. 1592 Nasue P, Penilesse 11 a, Exhalations, drawen vp 
to the heauen of honor, from the dunghil of obiect fortune. 

« R. H. Hutton £ss. IL. 342 The turbid malarious ex- 
halations of visionary excitement. 

3. A body or portion of vapour, usually en- 
kindled vapour; a meteor. arch. 

16x Even Arte Nauig. u. xx. 51 b, Shining exhalations 
.-appeare in tempestes. 160r Saks. Fad. C.u. i. 44 The 
exhalations, whizzing in the ayre, Giue so much light, that 
I may reade by them. 1660 Gianvitt Vanity Dogm. xviii. 
174 The Galaxy is no exhalation from the Earth, but an 
heap of smaller Luminaries. 1720 Ozett tr. Vertot's Rom. 
Rep. 1. 1v. 201 This Year .. fiery Exhalations were seen in 
the Air. 187z Farrar Witn. Hist. ii. 58 The star of the 
shepherds was a meteoric exhalation. 


+ Exhalative, «. Obs.rare—'. [f. L. exhalat- 


EXHALE. 


ppl. stem of exhdlare (see EXHALE) + -IVE.] Of 
a nature to be exhaled; exhalable. 

1594 Prat New Sorts of Soil 25 When they [corne and 
other seedes] are ripe .. the exhalative water flyeth away, 
and the generative remaineth. 

Exhalatory (egz-, eksjhelateri). [as if ad. 
L. *exhalatorium, f. exhalare to EXHALE + -oRY.] 
A passage or vent for exhalation (of gas). 

1813 Monthly Mag. XXXVI. 138 In Persia, there are 
several natural exhalatories of hydrogen gas. 

Exhale (egz-, eks,héi'1), v.! Forms: 5 exale, 
6 exhall, 7 exhael, 8 exhal, 7- exhale. [ad. F. 
exhaler, ad. L. exhala-re to breathe out, evaporate, 
f. ex- out + hd/are to breathe.] 

I. To give, pass, or draw off in vapour. 

1. ¢vans. To breathe, give forth, or disengage 
from the surface ; to send up (fumes, gas, vapour, 
etc.) ; to give off in vapour. Also fig. 

a 1628 Sir J. Beaumont Efiph, in Farr S. P. Fas. (1848) 
144 We shall exhale our vapours vp direct. 1664 Powrr 
Exp. Philos. 1. 29 It had lost near two drams of its former 
weight, which was exhaled by insensible Transpiration. 
1667 Mitton P. LZ. v. 421 Nor doth the Moon no nourish- 
ment exhale, From her moist Continent to higher Orbes. 
1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iv. (1840) 103 ‘The vapours which 
by their acquired heat they have exhaled. 1772 Sir W. 
Jones Laura Poems (1777) 80 Every bower exhal’d the 
sweetsof May. 1805 W. Saunpers Jin. Waters 248 This 
mineral water .. exhales no perceptible smell. 1849 Mrs. 
SoMERVILLE Connex. Phys. Sc. xxvii. 301 They [plants] ex- 
hale oxygen. 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Civiliz. Wks. 
(Bohn) IIT. 38 Eloquence..may warm itself until it exhales 
symbols of every kind and colour. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 
67 Water .. exhaled from the leaves of plants and from the 
lungs and skin of animals. 

2. intr. Of vapour, perfume, theat, etc.: To 
pass off into the air, Of a liquid, etc.: To pass 
off as vapour ; to evaporate. Const. frome, out of. 

c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 11. iii. 149 (MS. B) Spirites ex- 
aleb whyche pat bub frendys, bobe to be body & eke to be 
soule. c1q4z0 Padlad. on Husb. 1. 303 Se the floode be 
goode ther thou will duelle : For ofte of it exaleth myst im- 
pure. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 399 Fire doth lick up the Spirits 
and Blood of the Body, so as they exhale. 1641 Frencn 
Distill. iii. (1651) 66 Let it be melted..with a soft fire, that 
all the moisture may exhale. 1707 Curios. ix Hush. & 
Gard. 257 Cover the Earth with good Straw-Mats, that 
the Heat may not exhale. 1718 J. CHAmBERLAYNE Relig. 
Philos. (1730) II. xviii. $6 The same has been observed as 
to Acid Liquors, by the sowre Smell that exhales from them. 
1799 G. SmitH Ladorat. 1. 329 When the matrass is made 
red hot, sulphurous matters will exhale. 1860 Emrrson 
Cond. Life, Worship Wks. (Bohn) II. 407 When flowers 
reach their ripeness, incense exhales from them. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1621 Burton Anat, Ale?. 1. ii. v. vii, As if all our dearest 
friends lives had exhaled with his. 1667 Mitton P. L. vi. 
255 When Orient Light Exhaling first from Darkness they 
beheld. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1v. 710 His Hopes 
exhal’d in empty Smoke. 1849-50 Atison /fist. Europe 
IIL. xviii. § 35. 561 His indignation exhaled in a letter to 
the Count d’Artois. 1858 HawtHorne Jr, & /t. Fruds. 1. 
174 The illusion and lifelikeness .. exhales out of a picture 
as it grows old. 4 4 

3. Phys. and Path. Of animal fluids : To pass off 
in minute quantities through a membrane or blood- 
vessel. Also in fasszve. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 126 (MS. A) Pei loken if ony 
ping exale out bi pilke rimelle—as blod or ony other mater. 
1830 R. Knox Béclara’s Anat. 79 The fluid which the ulti- 
mate ramifications of the arteries exhale in it [the cellular 
tissue]. 1834 McMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 19 The 
extremities of the vessels simply spread themselves over 
large surfaces, whence the produced fluid exhales. 18 
Toop Cycd. Anat. 1. 401/1 Blood is..rarely exhaled at the 
internal surface of the bladder. 1865 A/orn. Star 23 Feb., 
The blood merely oozes through the coats of the relaxed 
vessels—in medical phrase we say it is exhaled. ; 

4. trans. To draw up or drive off in the form of 
vapour ; to evaporate; rarely, +to draw up (a 
vapour); to draw out the perfume of (e. g. a rose). 

1589 NaSHE in Greene’s Menaphon Pref. (Arb.) 9 The Sea 
exhaled by drops, will in continuance be drie. 1592 SHaks. 
Rom. & Ful. wt. v. 13 Yon Light..is some Meteor that the 
Sun exhales. 1622 f. Scotr Belg. Pismire 53 The Sunne 
exhales vapours from the Sea. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 413 
The November Rose is the sweetest, having been less ex- 
haled by the Sun. 1641 Frencn Désti7/. iii. (1651) 65 These 
Salts must..be calcined, which is done by exhaling their 
flegme. 1707 Curios. in Hush. §& Gard. 235 A prodigious 
Quantity of clear Water must be exhal’d, to get an Ounce 
of dry Sediments. 1825 Scorr Zadism. i, Bitumen and 
sulphur, which the burning sun exhaled from the waters of 
the lake. 1836 Emerson Nature, Prospects Wks. (Bohn) 
IL. 173 The..filths of nature, the sun shall dry up, and the 
wind exhale. 

b. transf. and jig. 

1588 Suaxs. Z. Z. L. ww. iii. 7o Thou, faire Sun, which 
on my earth doest shine, Exhalest this vapor-vow. 1632 J. 
Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 105 Teares .. not sufficient 
to exhale and evaporate the heavinesse of her heart. 1725-6 
Pore Odyss. xxu1. 431 The warm sun exhales their soul away. 

II. To breathe or blow forth from within. 

5. To breathe out (life, soul, words, a prayer, etc.). 

1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 57 Hee exhaled into his 
eyes such deepe impression of his perfection, as that, etc. 
cx6rx CuapmMan /diad xvi. 196 Twelue men, of greatest 
strength in Troy, left with their liues exhald. | @1619 
Fornersy A theom. 1. xiii. § 3 (1622) 140 In these miserable 
torments, they both. .exhaled their execrable soules. a 1638 
Mepe Chr. Sacrif. v. Wks. 1. (1672) 362 An Oration exhaled 
..from sanctified Souls. 1816 J. Witson City of Plague i. 
i. 355 And silent words Of mercy breathed from heaven will 


EXHALE. 
be exhaled. .into + oar wither’d heart. 1885 CLopp A/yths 
§ Dr. ui, ix. 203 pee conaaired soul ., as ex- 
bard Daa the dying brea 
6. To blow (as xen) ; chiefly fg. to get 


rid of (enthusiasm, wrath, etc.) as if by blowing. 
Also, Zo exhale oneself. CE Bow 2. 10. 

1748 Fortunate Orphan 237,1 exhaled my Grief in the 
bitterest Exclamations. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral T. 
(1816) I. xi. =. A. .. suffered him to exhale his jon in.. 

oaths. T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle viii. 104 To nar- 
rate his misadvent tures, and exhale his budget of grievances. 
1845 Darwin in Life = Lett. (1887) 1. 341, os have exhaled 
ae with a pagemgrees ce two in my journal on the sin of 


razilian slav Presse Lab. Chem. Wonders 9 
Sulphur is exhaled from the volcanoes at the time of their 
activity. 


1860 W. Coins Wom. White 1. narr. viii. 24 
1. .exhale the rest of my enthusiasm in the open air. 186) 
Month 512, 1 could not exhale my wrath before his grace, 

7. intr. To make an expiration; opposed to 
INHALE. 

1863 Tynpatt //eat iii. 54 When we exhale, we pour out 
from the lungs carbonic acid. 

Hence Exha‘led £/. a. (in senses 1 and 4). 

1593 Suaks. Lucr. 779 Let their rar ya unwholesome 
breaths make sick The! life of purity. —1 Hen. 1V,v. 
i. 19 Will you..be no more an exhall’ a eteor. 1635 SWAN 
Spec. M. v. § 2 (1643) 180 That which we call a fired whirl- 
wind, being an exhaled blast set on fire. 

+ Exhale, v.27. Ots. Also 6 exhall. [f. Ex- 
pref + HALE v.] To drag out or draw forth. 

1. trans. To drag (a person) away; to draw (a 
thing) out of. Also aédso/. to draw (a sword) 
from the scabbard. 

1599 Suaxs. Hen. V7, u. 1.66 O Praggard vile. .The Graue 
doth gape, and doting death is neere, Therefore exhale. 
1601 pompon Poetaster ui. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 116/1 Nay, 
I beseec you, gentlemen, do not exhale me thus. 1 
Topsett Four-/, Beasts (1673) 400 A mouse being flead. .anc¢ 
put unto a wound .. will presently..exhale and draw them 
[the head of a dart, etc.] out of the same. 1615 1’. Abams 
Spir. Navigators 34 Couetous wretches, that would dig to 
the Center to exhale riches. 

b. To cause (blood, tears) to flow. 
from. (Prob. influenced by EXHALE z, 4.) 

1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 58 "Tis thy presence that 
exhales this blood From cold and empty Veines. 1611 SPEED 
Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. (1632) 633 These words exhaled ioy- 
full teares from many of the hearers, 1613 W. Browne rit. 
Past. 1. v, That did from Fida’s eyes salt teares exhale. 

2. To draw up; raise (a person) to a higher 
position. rare. Cf. EXaLt v. 2. 

1595 Markuam Sir 2. Grinvile B vij b, Thou .. Whom 
men adore, and all the gods exhall [réme call] Into the 
books of endlesse memorie. 1604 Drayton Ow/le 689 They 
whose Minds should be exhal’d and hie. 1647 Warp Sim. 
Cobler 48 When Kings rise higher than they should, they 
exhale Ces higher than they would. 

Exhalement (egz-, ekshétlmént). [f. Ex- 
HALE v.1+-MENT.] = EXHALATION. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. v. 86 Nor will polished 
amber although it send forth a grosse and corporall exhale- 
ment be found a long time defective Ao ai the exactest 
scales. 1816 Moore Go, det me Weep i, While tears, that 
from repentance flow, In bright exhalement reach the skies. 
1839 G. Darey Introd. Beaum. & Fl. Wks. 1. 26 Our present 
poet..speaks..to no end save exhalement of superfluous 
animal spirits. 

+Exhalence. 0és-° [f. as prec. +-ENCE.] 
‘ The action of exhaling, or matter exhaled’. 

1850 in Ocivie, : 

Exhalible: see EXHALABLE. 

Exhaling (egz-, ekshé‘'lin), vA sd. [f. Ex- 
HALE v.1+-1NG1,] The action of the vb. EXHALE ; 
an instance of this. 

1616 Sytvester Tobacco Battered Wks. (1621) 1146 Those 
that. .Offend the Nose, with filthy Fumes exhalings. 

Bacon Sylva § 333 The fifth [means to induce Putrefaction] 
is..by the Exhaling..of the Principal Spirits. 

Exha‘ling, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.] That 
exhales ; in senses of the verb. //7. and ig. 

_ 1660 Bovte New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxii. 178 The exhal- 

ing and imprison’d steams. 1765 Hamivton in PAZ. Trans. 

St Evaporation is vastly promoted by a current of 
fresh al A sre over the exhaling surface. 1767 Goocu 
Treat. Wounds 1. 28 
may be conveyed to the extravasated fluids. 1811 Pinker- 
ton Petral. 11. 357 Exhaling fumes prevented him from 
approaching the w crater, 1890 Spectator 15 Mar., An 
ever-dwindling and exhaling experience of the conscience. 

» obs. var. EXHALE 2. 

Exhaltation, obs. form of ExAuration. 

+ Exha‘nce, v. Os. Also 5-7 -ha(u)nse, 6 
exhaunce, [alteration of ENHANCE, after words 


Const. 


bos arr a with Ex-.] = EnHANcE 2b, 4, 5. 
nt, de la Tour \xix. (1868) 9x The iugementis of 
God are mer for..he he the e, that be- 


sechithe his _— ‘and mercy. ¢ 1590 Secret Mem. Earl 
Leicester (1706) 73 He that may. .return the ge, Rent fo 

into Her Majesties Hands by a fresh Exchange, Rent for 
Rent, for other Lands never exhaunced before San- 
DERSON Servmt, oie 427 Exhaunsing of Fees, ‘tn for 


Moisture, by the exhaling vessels, | 


406 


(mod.F. in this sense exaucer), earlier essaucier, 
essalcier:—popular L. *exaltidre, f. as exaltare: 
see Exar v. i 6.] «trans. To hearken to, hear 


a Bb) 

¢ ae ie hee na, 
and ey gece. Ibid. 29, alec at er 
Baki did exhause my voice & 

Exhaust (egzp'st), sb. [f. Seclen v.] The 
process or means of exh: 

1. a. Steam-engine. The exit of steam from the 
cylinder after having done its work in propelling 
the piston ; the passage through which this takes 
place; =Epvucrion 5. (Also in similar sense with 
reference to water-power and gas engines.) 


Etymologically, this is wich the only to the case of a 

low-pressure en, ine, in ch the steam is literally ‘ex- 

* from the cylinder by opening communication with 

the condenser ; but when high-pressure engines were intro- 

duced, the word continued to be used as a synonym of 
Epuction, which it has almost sy 

1848 Pract. Mech. Frnl. 1. 44, 1 have before seen double 
valves with the duplex steam passages, but in all of them 
the exhaust was single. 1865 Burcu Slide Valve 71 In 
some instances an increase is deemed necessary to allow a 
more free exhaust. 1875 Martin Winding Mach. 76 Back- 
pressure in the exhaust, owing to the large masses of steam 
— are suddenly let out through contracted. . passages. 

J. A. Ewine in Encyct. Brit. XX11. 487 If during the 
fae stroke the process of exhaust is discontinued before the 
end. Bldckw. Mag. Sept. 322 The rapid pulse-like 
beats of the exhaust [in a locomotive]. 1890 Engineer 30 
may 441 No choking of the exhaust can prevent an increase 
of speed. 3 

b. The process of exhausting (a vessel) of air ; 
the degree to which exhaustion is carried. 

1880 De La Rue in Nature XX. 33 The greatest exhaust 
that we have produced, o’000055 millim. /did. As the 
exhaust is carried further it becomes a pale milky white. 

2. a. The production of an outward current of 
air by creating a partial vacuum. b. Any appa- 
ratus for effecting this. Cf. exhaust-fan. 

1852 Pract. Mech. F¥rnl. V.54 A free and copious exhaust 
is secured on both sides of the cylinder [fan]. 1884 Bath 
Herald 27 Dec. 6/4 An exhaust [in a flour mill] carries 
away the lightest particles. 1887 Pad/ Mall G. 11 Oct. 
11/1 There are two great exhausts to draw off smoke and 
heat from the stage. 1889 Daily News 2 Jan. 2/4 A steam 
exhaust, which produces an artificial air current. 

3. attrib. and Comb., chiefly in sense 1a, as 
exhaust-passage, -pipe, -valve; also exhaust-fan 
(= earlier exhausting fan), 
current by creating a vacuum; exhaust injector, 
an injector for feeding a steam-boiler with water, 
worked by exhaust steam; exhaust-port, the 
opening in the slide-valve of a steam-engine for 
the escape of exhaust-steam (= exhaust-passage) ; 
exhaust-steam, the waste steam discharged from 
the cylinder of a steam-engine. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 815/2 *Exhaust-Jan, 1882 
Birmingham Whly. Post 24 June 3/7 An exhaust fan for 
drying hay and corn in the stack. 4 Engineer LXX. 
473 We have for years made *exhaust injectors that. . utilise 
waste steam, 1848 Sfect/. larley’s Patent No, 12,238. 2 
*“Exhaust-passage. 1854 Pract. Mech. Frnl. VI. 115 ‘As the 
exhaust passage [in a water pressure —) ] is open to the 
pipe, the waste water passes off through this pipe. 1848 
Lbid. 1. 44 The central *exhaust port of the slide valve. 
1848 Pract. Mech. Frni. 1. 80 The *exhaust steam from the 
cylinders. 1890 Engineer 7 Nov. 386 (title of paper) Treat- 
mentand Utilisation of exhaust steam. 1848 Spect/ Varley’s 
Patent No. 12,238. 2 The two “exhaust valves. 

Also 


+ Exhaust, fa. pple. and ppl. a. Obs. 
7 exhauste, cvvon. exhaused. [ad. L. exhaust-us, 
pa. pple. of ‘exhaurire: see next.] 


A. pa. pple. (in various senses of the vb.). 

1523 Wotstry in Fiddes Life 1, 114 The enemy exhaust of 
money. 1§40-1 Etvor /mage Gov. (1549) 123 Charges 
enforced, haue exhaust. .the more parte of your substaunce. 
1627 May Lucan vi, They .. when their quivers are ex- 
haust, must flee, 1649 Lanc. Tracts (Chetham Soc.) 278 
Most men’s estates being .. now almost quite exhauste by 
the present scarsity. 1654 R. Coprincton tr. Justin's Hist. 
121 The Kingdom exhaused of souldiers did much distract 
him. 1708 Pxitirs Cider 1. 124 When the alien compost is 
exhaust, Its Native Poverty again prevails. 

B. spl. a. = EXHAUSTED ff/. a. in various senses. 
62x Burton Anat, Mel.1.ii. 1. vi. (1676) 39/1 Intemperate, 
dissolute, exhaust through riot. 1624 F. Ware Repl. Fisher 
555 Contemning the merits of Christ, accounting the same 
drie and exhaust. 1647 tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1651) 28 
‘The eager on. do dry Bodies and render them exhaust and 
saplesse. - More Song of Soud u1. n. xliii, His brain 
In time werk be exhaust and void of wit. Mod tipi 
Cyder u. 55 Reject the apple-cheese tho quite ex! 


Exhaust (egz6'st), v. [f. L. exhaust- ppl. stem 
of exhaurire; see EXHAURIATE.] 
= trans. To draw off or out (now only, air) ; /é. 


“roc ‘32 Hen. VITT, c. 24 Innumerable ow of monei, 


Expedition, rackii Rents. Spradlin men Fire 
Lond. 104 The. teoinded Labourers .. exhansed the rates 


of their own portadge. 

+ Exhawriate, v. Ods. rare—'. [irreg. f. 
L. exhauri-re (f. ex- out +haurire ‘to draw) + 
— 3.] trans. To draw out or forth (a humour). 

ehimon aie Med. 11. 423 Powerfully exhauriates 


sao Hiner v. Obs. rare. [ad. F. exhaus-ser 


d out of this realme. Suaxs. Timon _ 
iii. 119 The Babe, Whose dimpled smiles from Fooles 

haust their mercy. 1632 Massincer & Fretp Fatal Dawes 
un. i, Your thankless ou uae and ce Manners. . Exhaust 
these Floods [of tears]. . Baaver Advice agst. 
Plagne 23 Exhaust a - dha bp ion of — 
Deruam in Lett. Lit. Men (C. en) 319 Those . 
double Barrells .. exhaust - air wit 

—— 


a fan for producing a © 


bladder. 1858 O. fe Ey: Aut. Breakf. 
all of sn siepeme eek 


a into his [the ants} e and exhausteth his 
_ 1626 = wa § that have kept 

--mi se their Bellies to swell after they 

had exhausted Jane Fast. Serm. 8 Salman- 
asser. . like an i Salto gute! d d and exh d all. 
To use up completely (either a material or 


immaterial thing) ; to expend the whole of; to 
comme entirely. 

—_ — 5 8b, The hathe 
eee cemnemine hs ote 


T Though the the Knowledge th avhave left us be worth our study, 
its treasures. 1709 Pore men} 

Crit. 55 arpa neva our thunder, and exhaust your 

1 OHNSON 


exhaust his life in comparing divines r 
Burke W, Hastings 1842 11. 125 Whatever relief was 
iven..the same was soon exhausted. 1853 H. Rocers ci. 
‘aith 223 How do they almost exhaust the resources of 
language to express their sentiments. 
+ b. in weaker sense: To expend, spend. Oés. 
1616 Buttokar, Exhaust to consume, =e eee or waste. 
1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. xvii. 14 Paraphr. 87 To leave abun- 
dantly to their children. -having no care of charity or mercy 
to others, on which to exhaust anything. 
ce. To account for or utilize the whole number 
sd quantity of (anything). 
Hartiey Observ. Man u, i. 23 In the same manner 
athematical Quantities are exhausted by the Terms of 
pl 2 infinite Series. 1816 Bentuam Chrestom. 241 The parts 
.-exhaust the contents of the whole. 1846 Mitt Z. m1. 


XXv. §6 There have taken place a sufficient number of draw- 
ings to exhaust all the possible combinations. Mok.ey 
Compromise (1886) 227 Good ideas are not all exhausted by 


the ancient forms. 

3. To empty by drawing the contents off or out; 
to drain ; to empty of (specified contents). 

ce Ear Stirtinc Dooms-day 3rd Hour Ixxvi, The litle 
Brookes exhausted in their Springs. 1660 Bovte New E-xf. 
Phys. Mech. Proem 19 We never were able totally to — 
the Receiver, pa Dryven Virg. Ge ut. 484 
Udders never fail ; But when they seem pet, oan ed, 5 oy the 
Pail. 1784 Speclh Watt's Patent No. 1432 Which vessel 
ho c Ge and o part of the steam 
oes partly exhaust A a steam mimeory S the cylinder}. 
THomson Chem. (ed. 3) II, 138 Having ..closed 
lungs. 1 TynpALL Glac. 
ul. iii, 245 A tube which could be exhausted of air. —= 
Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) 1. ii. 38 Let us suppose the glass t 
to be exhausted by an air-pump. 
b. ref. Of a river: To empty itself. rare. 

1833 Lytton Eng. & English um. i, The waters of Terek 
exhaust themselves in the Caspian Sea. 

ce. intr, Of steam: To escape from the cylinder 
after doing its work; cf. Exnaust sd. 1 a. 

1851 Pract. Mech. Frnt. IV. 146 The steam exhausts 
through the centre opening. 1865 Burcu Slide Valve 52 
— the steam can exhaust, the valve must open the same 


my eaaeae and exhausted m 


as To draw out all that is essential or interesting 
in (an object of investigation or exposition); to 
treat or study (a subject) so as to leave nothing 
further to be explained or discovered. 

1704 Apvvison /taly Pref., There are still wh of these 
topics that are far from being h 
Rambler No. 150 ® 6 He whee soon exhausts @ any 
subject, is — ip for new ——- ies 

+2 


son Ess. (1 ooke was 

the histo: ‘the Roman Republic. 1860 Lea Serm, 

Westm. “y ix. 92 It is not easy to exhaust them [words of 

Scripture] so to draw out all their ae 1875 Hamer. 

ron ete LOE.) Se Wane ee See the mind 
another. 

5. To drain (a person, kingdom, etc.) of strength 
or resources, or (a soil) of nutritive ingredients ; 
hence, to weary out, enfeeble ene 
ores iad of ten and xcv, 364 


oan ), Spermatick of ae 
matter of a 
it {t “tthe blood blood) of its best spirits. pens fg St. 
bas oat: Ill. aes Pe F 
hausted 
OxvoaD in Ellis Ore. fate. uu. 409 IV. 266 
done, notwithstanding the great need we have of peace, 
and that the nation is ex! ed. a1714 J. Suarr Serm. 
(1754) LILI. iii. 44 There is no man that cuits 
Spt, ass Lh but mightily exhausts his spirits. 
st, Husb. 31 Lime..exhausts the earth by ing its 
ly particles. 1798 Ferrtar Eng. Histor. in Wet, 
Sterne 233 Great exertions seem to ex! the as 
well as ¢ ysical world. 1860 Tyxpaut. Glac. 1. xi. 79 
The thought of being absolutely had_ never 
occurred to me. rat bemengeinlle in Emp. V, xiii. 163 163 
The i ild its scanty 
a TuBBs Med. ed. “Mod. Hist, 230 The Thirty 
Years W: War Germany. 
| Incorrectly ad St SARs ive 
1622 F. Marxuam & ‘ar i. 50 pies 
whereof doth..exhaust and raise up his entertainment 
Exhausted (egegstéd), pl. a. [f. EXHavst 
v.+-ED1,] In senses 
1. Consumed, used up, nc 5 
1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Exhausted,drawn ou , 
consumed, ata Rowe Amé, Step-moth. m1, i, 
plies renew th ores.” 
2. Emptied < a contents ; chiefly said of a vessel 
or receiver : Emptied of air. 
1667 Bovis in Phil. Trans, 11. 583 In one exhausted 


| oe 
Part 1 


EXHAUSTER. 


Receiver, I had observed [etc.]. ¢1790 Imison Sch. Art I. 
69 To prevent any air from getting into the exhausted glass, 
1801 Soutuey Thalaba 1. xxi, Exh d mines Supplied 
their golden store. 1869 Mrs. SomervittE Molec. Sc. 1.1. 
ii. 39 The whole amount of radiant heat that passed thro’ 
the exhausted tube. 2 ‘ 

8. Of air, soil, etc.: Deprived of essential pro- 
. ‘ ’ .. 
perties ; effete, ‘spent ’, worn out. Also, deprived 

of resources, completely impoverished. 

1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 230 The Funnel .. which 
carries up..the..exhausted Air of the Green-house. 1719 
Lonpon & Wise Compl. Gard. Advt. 9 Take out all the old, 
worn out, or exhausted Earth. 178 Gispon Dec?. § /. III. 
177 The revenue of exhausted provinces. 1832 Hr. Mar- 
qingau Jredand i. 14 He had grown potatoes: but the soil 
became exhausted. 1858 GREENER Gunnery 17 We still 
fruitlessly fall back on exhausted principles. 

4. Of persons or living things: Having one’s 
strength, energy, etc. used up ; tired out. 

1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 852 Fire..that..of thir wonted 
vigour left them draind, Exhausted. 1796 Burney JZetas- 
tasio 11, 296 A tired and exhausted individual, loaded with 
years. 18.. Pari. Deb., Lord Holland did not mean to 
discuss the subject at any length in the present exhausted 
state of the House. 1846 Peet Sf, 28 June in McCarthy 
Own Times (1879) 1. 412 When [working men] shall recreate 
their exhausted strength with abundant and untaxed food. 
1881 Lavy Hersert Edith 1 The exhausted cart and cab 
horses staggered under their loads, 

Hence Exhau‘stedly adv., in an exhausted man- 
ner. Exhau'stedness, exhausted state or condi- 
tion, worn out condition. 

1835 New Monthly Mag. XLIII. 161 The poor beasts. . 
toiled exhaustedly on. 1883 CaBLE Dr. Sevzer vi, Her.. 
skirt dropping between her knees, and her hands pressed 
on them exhaustedly. 1840 Fraser’s Mag. XXI1. 713 The 
disquietude of utter prostration and exhaustedness produced 
by the application of violent remedies. 

Exhauster (egzo'stor). [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who, or that which, exhausts. 

1743 J. Eris Knowl. Div. Things iv. 346 Now which of 
the Raciesia was this Exhauster of Nature. 1792 A. Younc 
Trav. France 389 Would it be no advantage to strike out 
one of these exhausters [wheat, rye, barley, and oats], and 
substitute animprover. 1853 JoHNSTON in Frnd. R. Agric. 
Soc. XIV. 1. 10 The wind..is probably a still more rapid 
and widely-acting exhauster of these forest lands. 1884 
Health Exhibit. Catal. 60/1 Apparatus for manufacturing 
..concentrated manure, comprising Concentrator, Con- 
denser, Exhauster, and Agitator. 

b. In gas-making : (see quot. 1859.) 

1841 Specif. Grafton’s Patent No. 9062. 3 The gas from 
this end of the retort is thereafter drawn through the pipe 
fh. directly into the exhauster. 1859 CLEGG Coal Gas 186 
Various kinds of machines have been contrived for pumping 
the gas in acontinuous flow out of the retorts—for that is in 
fact the principle of the action of exhausters. 1889 ¥77/. 
Gas Lighting 19 Nov. 964 The engine and exhauster are 
connected by a. .flexible coupling. 

Exhaustibi'lity (egzd:stibi'liti). [f next: 
see -Iry.] The quality of being exhaustible ; 
capability of being exhausted. 

1836 Fraser's Mag. XIII. 349 His extractive power was 
such, that it never admitted the exhaustibility of a subject. 
~ W. S. Symonps Rec. Rocks x. 367 The question of the 
exhaustibility of our coal-fields ishighly complicated. 1884 
Syd. Soc. Lex., Exhaustibility, Benedict's term for the con- 
dition where the electro-muscular contractility diminishes 
greatly after a short application. 1889 Courtney JZ/i/Zi. 
25 The possible exhaustibility of musical combinations. 

xhaustible (egzo'stib’l), a. [f Exnausr v. 
+-IBLE.] That admits of being exhausted. 

1667 Boyte in Phil. Trans. 11. 587 A very small Receiver, 
exhaustible at a Suck or two. 1779-81Jounson L.P.,Codlins, 
His uncle..left him about two thousand pounds; a sum 
which Collins could scarcely think exhaustible. 1848 Mitt 
Pol. Econ. 1. 35 Coal..and other useful substances. .are not 
only strictly local, but exhaustible. 

Exhausting (egzo'stin), vb2, sd. [f. as prec. 
+-InG1.] The action of the vb. ExHAusT in its 
various senses ; an instance of this. Also aztr7d. 

1539 TonstaLt Serm. Palm. Sund. (1823) 66 Sucke out of 
this realme..innumerable sommes of money yerelye, to the 

at exhausting of the same. 1764 Burn Poor Laws 153 
The pulousness of the kingdom still increaseth, notwith- 
standing its great exhaustings by wars, and plagues. 1827 
Farey Steam Engine 448 The steam .. must be evacuated 
from it, through one or other of the two exhausting valves. 
183x Larpner Pxeumat. v, 280 The most simple form of 
instrument for producing the rarefaction of air is that which 
is called the pl si inge. 1853 Pract. Mech. Frni. 
VI. 209 (title of article) Blowing and exhausting fans. 1887 
Daily News 11 Nov. 3/6 Exhausting nozzles are used as 
well as injecting ones, so that while fresh air is supplied 
. eg can be removed, z ; 

au‘sting, ///.a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.] 
That exhausts; chzefly, that exhausts the strength ; 
wearying, tiring, enfeebling. 

18.. Mason Goop System Med. (L.), A series of exhausting 
oe succeeds. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Plato 

Wks. (Bohn) I. 289 The misfortune .. of coming after this 
exhausting gene er, 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 
297 A mighty effort..it was but too exhausting to be re- 
peated, 1858 O. W, Hotmes Ant. Breakf-t. i, There are 
men of esfrit who are excessively exhausting to some 

eople, 1860 TynpaLt Glac. 1. xi. 71 The exhausting 
journey over the boulders and debris. 

Hence Exhau'stingly adv., in an exhausting 
manner, so as to exhaust or tire out. 

1882 Buxton in 19th Cent. Nov. 791 ‘The matter .. was 
exhaustively (some might say exhaustingly) discussed. 

Exhaustion (egz6'stfon). [as if ad. L. *ex- 
haustion-em, n. of action f. exhaurire: see Ex- 


407 


Haust v. Cf. F. exhaustion.) The action of 
exhausting ; the state of being exhausted. 

1. The action or process: a. of drawing out or 
forth, esp. air; b. of emptying of contents; the 
condition of being emptied. 

1661 BoyLe Spring of Air 1. xx. (1682) 80 Upon the ex- 
haustion of the air incumbent on the water [etc.], 1800 
Vince Hydrostat. viii. (1806) 82 You make a more perfect 
exhaustion by the other method. 188z Spottiswoope in 
Nature No. 623. 550 In the next tube the exhaustion has 
been carried further. 

ce. spec. (Steam-Engine) The discharge of waste 
steam from the cylinder; cf. ExHaust sd. Ia. 

Also attrib. 

1782 Specif, Watt’s Patent No. 1321. 5 The regulating 
valve is then to be shut and the exhaustion regulating valve 
is opened. 1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 107 ‘Vhe 
exhaustion-cock was shut, the steam was readmitted into the 
cylinder, and the operation was repeated. 1848 E. ALBAN 
Steam Engine 57 The exhaustion openings are usually made 
much too small. 1849 Specif. Unwin'’s Patent No. 12,410. 2 
This improved method of clearance or exhaustion is applied 
to an engine suitable for locomotive purposes. 

2. The action or process of consuming or using 
up completely. 

1831 Knox Cloguet’s Anat. p. v, The rapid sale and 
exhaustion of that work. 1881 Sir W. THomson in Nature 
No. 619. 449 This exhaustion [of heat] would not be complete 
until the absolute zero of temperature was reached. 

3. The state of being exhausted of strength, 
energy, etc. ; extreme loss of strength. 

1646 Sir 1. Browne Psexd. Ep. m1. xxi. 163 There ensueth 
no destructive exhaustion. 1651 Relig. Wotton. (1672) 334 
Great exhaustions cannot be cured with sudden remedies. 
1793 Beppors Calcud., efc. 175 In the state of temporary 
exhaustion the fibre loses its tone. 1854 H. MiILLer Sch. & 
Schm. (1858) 253 Lacking in their utter exhaustion strength 
for fighting and breath for scolding. 1877 EricHsEn Surg. 
I. 11 Exhaustion .. is an occasional cause of death after 
severe operations. — 7 

b. The draining (anything) of valuable proper- 
ties; the condition of being so drained. 

1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. viii. (1814) 359 When 
cattle are fed upon land not benefited by their manure, the 
effect is always an exhaustion of the soil. 

ce. Chem. (See quots.) 

x74 W. Crookes Dyeing § Calico-print., 32 The precipi- 
tate from the alkaline extract of cotton, after exhaustion 
with boiling alcohol, was, without being previously dried, 
dissolved in dilute caustic soda-lye. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., 
Exhaustion, In Pharmacy, the term is applied to any pro- 
cess, such as percolation, whereby the active constituents 
of a drug are removed in solution, leaving it exhausted. 

4. Exhaustive enumeration or treatment ; cf. EXx- 
HAUST v. 2 C, 4. 

1868 GLapsTONE Juv. Mundi iii. (1869) 96 The..lists are 
presented, by way, not of exhaustion, but of example. 

5. a. gen. The process of establishing the correct- 
ness of a hypothesis by ‘ exhausting’ all the other 
conceivable hypotheses relating to the question; 
the process of arriving at a conclusion by the suc- 
cessive elimination of unsuitable alternatives. 

Jig. 1877 OWEN in Wellesley’s Disp. p. xxxvi, By a process 
of exhaustion, the specific gravity of the inefficient would 
gradually deposit them below their betters. 

b. Math. Method of exhaustions: (See quot. 
1730-6.) 

1685 J. Wats 7reat. Algebra \xxiii. 280 It will be neces- 
sary to premise somewhat concerning (what is wont to be 
called) the Method of Exhaustions. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), 
Exhaustions (in Mathematics) a way of proving the equality 
of two magnitudes by a veductio ad absurdum 3 shewing 
that if one be supposed either greater or less than the 
other, there will arise a contradiction. 1881 RouTLEDGE 
Science ii. 37 The method of exhaustions..is only an appli- 
cation of the general principle of limits. 1884 Merz 
Leibniz iii. 49 The method of exhaustions..in which the 
area of a surface enclosed by a curve is found by inscribing 
polygons of an increasing number of sides. 

Exhaustive (egzO:stiv), a [f. L. exhaust- 
ppl stem of exhaurire (see EXHAUST V.) + -IVE.] 

. Tending to exhaust or drain of strength, re- 
sources, etc. 

1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, India 11. ww. viii. 278 The fierce and 
exhaustive contentions which the rival strangers in Carnatic 
were waging against one another. 1868 J. H. Brunt Ref 
Ch. Eng. 1. 98 In what imminent peril the revenues. . were 
from the exhaustive squandering .. of the Court. 1874 
Mot ey Barneveld 11. xii. 70 The parasites who fed on the 
Queen Regent were exhaustive of the French exchequer. 

2. Characterized by exhausting a subject, etc. ; 
leaving no part unexamined or unconsidered ; 
complete, comprehensive. 

a, Bentuam MWs. (1843) II. 540 Proceeding .. upon 
the exhaustive plan. 1798 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. 
XXV. 585 His transcendental deduction of the categories 
of criticism [is] neither discretive nor exhaustive. 1813 Zdzn. 
Rev. XXII. 23 His method of handling the subject .. has 
been termed exhaustive. 1853 Trencu Proverds 125 The 
things of friends are in common. Where does this find its 
exhaustive fulfilment, but in the Communion of Saints? 1878 
Gtapstone Prim. Homer 127, I shall attempt in this limited 
work no exhaustive survey. 

b. (Cf. EXHAUSTION 5 a.) 

1 Farrar St. Paul 1. 405 note, By the exhaustive 
method, therefore, we see that the visit dwelt on in Gal. ii. 
must have been the third. 


Exhaustively (egzé'stivli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY2.] In am exhaustive manner; so as to treat 


of every point; fully. 


EXHIBIT. 


, 1816 Bentuam Chrestonz. 319 A system of logical division 
in the ged bifurcate mode. 1862 F. Hatt Hindu 
Philos. Syst. 175 It is neither my desire, nor is it my inten- 
tion to treat the subject exhaustively. 
Exhau'stiveness (egz9:stivnés). [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being exhaustive. 
1816 BentHam Chrestom, 280 The idea of exhaustiveness 
as applied to logical division. 1872 Minto Eng. Lit. u. v. 
86 The exhaustiveness and subtlety of the thought. 1885 
‘ARRAR in Lzbr. Mag. Dec. 500 The exhaustiveness of the 
curriculum of your University. 


Exhaustless (egzd'stlés), a. poet. and rheto- 
vical. [f. ExHAusT uv, + -LESS.] Incapable of 
being exhausted ; inexhaustible. 

1712 BLackMorE Creation 11, When we..Nature’s. .ex- 
haustless energy respect. 1746 Hervey Flower Garden 
Medit. (1818) 1. 135 ‘The fields are our exhaustless granary. 
1845 Stocqueter Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 396 An ex- 
haustless supply of clear water. 1863 Mrs. C. Ciarkre 
Shaks. Char. xvi. 403 Delicate lights thrown into his cha- 
racters that render them exhaustless as studies. 

Hence Exhau'stlessly adv., in an exhaustless 
manner, so as to be inexhaustible. Exhau'st- 
lessness, the quality of being inexhaustible. 

1766 G. Canninc Anti-Lucretius i. 187 Exhaustlessly 
prolifick, shall they ne’er In shapes by Fancy unconceiv’d 
appear? 1886 W. M. Conway /lemish Artists 20 The 
exhaustlessness of the miniaturist’s fancy. ; 

+ Exhau'stment. 02s. rare. [f. Exuaust 7. 
+-MENT.] The action or means of exhausting ; 
the state of being exhausted; an instance of the 
same, a ‘drain’ of money. 

1621 Bre. G. Wittiams in Cadala (1654) 55 This Bishoprick 
being. .meanly endowed in regard of the continual charge, 
and exhaustments of the place. 1648 Pet/t. Eastern Assoc. 
22 We can see no possible end of our exhaustments. 

+Exhau'sture. Oés. [f. as prec. + -URE.] 
The action of exhausting ; the state of being ex- 
hausted ; also, an instance of this. 

1611 SpeeD //7st. Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. (1632) 970 Yet was he 
the feebler..by reason of so fresh exhaustures. 1687 N. 
Jounston Assur. Abbey Lands 54 Alledging the exhaus- 
ture of the Exchequer by the late War. 1778 //7st. Eur. in 
Ann. Reg. 1053/2 So great an exhausture of blood and 
treasure. /d7d.,The state of debility and exhausture brought 
on by our civil contest. 1786 /é¢d. 174/1 Religious preju- 
dices are..wearing away in France, and. .it will not require 
a very long succession of years for their entire exhausture. 

Exhedra, var. of EXEDRA, 

+ Exherb, v. Os.—° [ad. L. exherb-are, 1. 
ex- (see Ex- pref.}) + herba grass.) ‘To take herbs 
from any place’ (Cockeram 1623-6). 

Exheredate (eksjherideit), v. Now save. 
Also 7 exheredate, 9 Sc. -heridate. [f. L. ex/7- 
vedat- ppl. stem of exhérédare to disinherit, f. ex- 
(see Ex- pref.) + héréd-em heir.] 

trans. To disinherit. Also fig. 

In recent use only in Sc. writers (misspelt '. 
a term of Common Law. 

1552 Hutoet, Exheredate, abominor. (Cf. Augustine 77 
Ps. v, Solent enim abominati dici exheredati.] 1623-6 
CockErAM, E-xheredate, to disherite. 1660 WATERHOUSE 
Arms & Arm. 207 Other virtues of equal merit, must not 
be exheeredated, or become spurious, to advance its legiti- 
mation. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1820 Scorr 4dbot xxxvi, 
‘Madam,’ replied the youth, ‘though exheridated and dis- 
owned, I am yet a Douglas’. 1834 M. Napier Menz. 
Napier of Merchistoun i. 32 The anxiety of Duke Arnold 
was to exheridate his only son. 

Hence Exhe'redated /#/. a. 

1828-40 TyTLER Hist. Scot. (1864) 11. 192 Henry [VI.]the 
exheridated monarch. 

Exheredation (eksher/déifan). Also 7 ex- 
heredation. [ad. L. exhérédation-em, n. of action 
f. exhérédare to EXHEREDATE.] The action of 
exheredating or disinheriting ; disinheritance ; an 


instance of this. 

is1s_ in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 12 Y* same 
ground [they] have .. inclosed to their owne use in exhere- 
dation and gret ptiudice..unto y¢ Mayr. 1609 SKENE Reg. 
Maz. 41 The trespas of the sonne or of the heire, sall not 
be ane cause of exheredation of the father. 1651 W. G. tr. 
Cowel’s Inst. 47 For the many Exheredations that hapned : 
Their Guardianshipp was conferred..upon the King. 1751 
Cuamsers Cyci. s.v., By the ancient Roman law, the father 
might pronounce exheredation without any cause. 1875 
Srusss Const. Hist. 11. xiv. 95 A general sentence of for- 
feiture or ‘ exheredation ’ was issued. 

+ Exheredita‘tion. Os. rare. = prec. 

1583 Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C.u. 6 a, All Grauntes, 
Exhereditations, and other disposed goodes. 

+ Exhi‘be, v. Os. rare—'. In 5 exhybe. [a. F. 
exhibe-r, ad. L. exhibére to Exurbit.] trans. To 
exhibit, produce. 


1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) . 245 a/2 Yf 
he hadde not conne exhybe and shewe the same ayen .. he 


sholde haue lost his hede. 

+ Ervxhibent. Ods. rare—'. [ad. L. exhibent- 
em, pr. pple. of exhzbére: see Exurpit.] One 
who administers (a rite). Cf. EXHIBIT v. I. 

1658 J. Rosinson Exdoxa iii. 25 Baptism received un- 
worthily, that is, either on the exhibents or receivers part. 


+ Exhibit, #/e. Ods. Forms: 6 exhibet, 
-yte, exhybet, exibite, 6-7 exhibit(e. [ad.L, 
exhibit-us, pa. pple. of exhibére: see EXHIBIT v.] 
= exhibited, pa. pple. of EXHIBIT v. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 192 b, Worshyp exhi- 
byte and done to the sayntes of God. 1g§29 Wotsey in 


It was never 


EXHIBIT. 


Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 104 11. 8 Thys kyndnes exibite from 


the K Hyghnes shall prolong my lyff. 1534 Wurtin- 
TON Pulver ices 1, (1540) 103 Who is he.. wyll not 
prefer in his dy! exhybet the fauour of a ryche man. 
1ss2z Asp. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 4 We have exhibet to 
you this present Catechisme. 1639 Cass, 1 Proclam, Scot. 
4 Some whereof were produced and exhibit by our Com- 


missioner. 

Exhibit (egzi-bit), sd. [ad. L. exhibit-um 
pa. pple. neut. of exhzbére: see Exit v.] 

i . & (see quot. 1672.) b. Any document 
(or, more recently, any material object) produced 
in court and referred to and identified in written 


evidence. ee 
1626 Impeachm. Dk. Buckhm. (Camden) as exhibite 
.. shewed unto him .. is the true .. bill of ladeinge. 1636 


Divine Trag. 43S ing the G exhibits and 
defence. 1662 Re 14 ‘Chas. II, c. 14 All the Processes, Ex- 
hibites, Writings .. and Orders were had, taken, made and 
done in the said Court of Admiralty. 1667 E. CHAMBERLAYNE 
St. Gt. Brit. 1. u. viii. (1743) 73 The office of the Register is 
to attend the court, to receive all libels, or bills, allegations 
and exhibits of witnesses. 1672 Cowet /uterpr., Exhibit, 
Exhibitum, When a Deed, Acquittance, or other writing is 
in a Chancery-suit exhibited to be proved by Witnesse, and 
the Examiner writes on the back that it was shewed to such 
a one at the time of his Examination ; this is there called 
an Exhibit. 19776 Trial of Nundocomar 46/2 Nagree 
paper fixed and marked exhibit M. 1 St. Papers in 
Ann. Reg. 288 Eight pages of ciphered exhibits. 1888 Curry 
5 ak Pat., etc. Cases 673, I have also an exhibit of goods 
which the Applicants manufacture or sell. 


2. A detailed and formal statement of particulars | 


(as debts, liabilities, etc.) ; ovzg. one intended for 
production in court ; hence gen. 

1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3778/4 They are desired .. to bring 
or send such their Exhibits of k Debts, Bonds, etc. re 
D. A. Wetts Our Burden & Str. 6 Having thus presente 
an exhibit of our present and prospective national liabilities. 

3. Eccl. in pl. The documents (letters of orders, 
institution and induction, etc.) which a beneficed 
or licensed clergyman may be required to produce 
at the first visitation after his admission. Hencc, 
the fees payable on presenting these documents. 

1 p., Bepett in Ussher's Lett. (1686) 422 By Fees, 
he. .seeks to take. .for Exhibits at Visitations. 1 Burn 
Eccl. Law. (1824) 1V. 19 None but the bishop, or [his repre- 
sentative] hath right de jure communi to require these 
exhibits of the clergy. 1863 Buytu Hist. Notices Fincham 
72 At the Bishop’s iim visitation in 1858 the synodals 
were ss. and the exhibits 13s. 4d. 

4. Something exhibited or presented to view. 

+a. gen. A spectacle, sight. Ods. 

1676 Hare Contempl. 1. 449 In the study of a r Fly, 
there would be such a confluence of so many wonderful and 
difficult Exhibits in it. eee 

b. One of the objects composing an ‘exhibition’. 

1862 Leader (Melbourne) 5 July, Exhibits for the Geelong 


and Western District Agricultural and Horticultural So- | 


ciety’s Show. 1876 Fam. Herald 2 Dec. 79/2 An exhibit. . 
in the Peruvian section .. attracted an unusual share of 
attention. 1884 Graphic 16 Aug. 166/2 The horses were a 
grand show of 390 exhibits. 

e. The collection of articles sent by any one 
person, firm, country, etc. to an ‘exhibition’. 

1871 Daily News 7 Dec., There is not much the matter.. 
with his exhibit [of cattle]. 188x Harfer’s Mag. June 50 
The Portuguese exhibit at the last Universal Exposition at 
Paris. sae F. E. Cuapwick in Scribn. Mag. 1. 517/1 The 
only French exhibit was that of the Bureau Veritas. 

5. A showing, producing in evidence, display. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. v. 95 The Play was to be 
presented to some few friends before the publick exhibit. 
1864 FessENDEN in 7imes 24 Dec., ‘The power to compel 
an exhibit of books of account. 1886 B. W. RicHarpson in 
Pall Mail G. 27 Sept. 6/2 There was no exhibit in these 
workers of any deficiency of muscular perception or skill, 

Exhibit (egzibit), v. Forms: 5 exhibete, 
6-7 exhibite, (6 exhybet, exibyte), 6- exhibit. 
[f. L. exhzbit- ppl. stem of exhibére, f. ex- out + 
habére to hold.) 

I, To offer, furnish, administer. 

+1. trans. To offer, present (sacrifice, etc.) ; to 
administer (an oath). Ods. 

oy Caxton Eneydos v.(1890) 21 His felaush chosen 
by hym for to make and exhibete the sayd sacrefyce, 1532 
More Confut. Barnes vi. Wks. 805/2 We .. exhibite our 
bodies a liuely host. 1589 Putrennam Lng. Poesie 1. xii. 
(Arb.) ‘ts To him [God] we can not exhibit ouermuch praise. 
1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xii. 54 The worship which natu- 
rally men exhibite to Powers invisible. 1657 Howext Lon- 
dinop. 37 That the said Commissioners should have power 
to exhibit an Oath. 

+2. To t, provide, furnish; const. 40, ufo ; 
hence, to defray (expense), Ods. 

1548 Hatt Chron, 195b, Frendes .. will not .. r b 


408 


Const. 0, unto. Obs. Rarely ¢rans.: To give an 
exhibition to (a student). 

1601 F. Gopwin Bfs, of Eng. 312(The] Deane of York .. 
sent him to Oxeford, and so long as he liued ,. exhibited 
vnto him there. @ Woop (cited by Webster) He was a 
special friend to the university. .exhibitin; 
certain 1709 Strvre Ann. Ref. 1. xlviii. 520 Well 
disposed people .. used to exhibit to poor students. 

M. Pattison Academ. Org. 1v. 107 The sum paid out of en- 
7 to 1 Ath 


A 


he meat desir 
vO- 


Med. & Surg. 16 A tea-spoonful of the antimonial wine was 
exhibited every hour. 1874 A. B. Garrop Mat. Med. 
(ed. 4) 166 The patient should fast for four or five hours 
before chloroform is exhibited. 

II. Tosubmit orexposeto view ; to show, display. 

4. To hold out, or submit (a document) for in- 
spection ; esf. to produce, lodge, put in (a docu- 
ment) in a court of law, to append as an ‘exhibit’ ¢o 
written evidence. Const. 40; also + 7z/o (a court). 

1529 Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 5 So that the said testament 
be exhibited to him ..in wrytyng. ¢1538 Starkey Lett. 
p. Ixxv, I haue not fayned to exibyte to your grace this 
rude commentary. 1g91 Suaks. 1 /Yen. V/, im. i. 151 Acct 
this Scrowle .. Which .. We doe exhibite to your Maiestie. 
a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law 67 They are to ex- 
hibite the will into the Bishops court. 1848 MacauLay 
Hist. Eng. 11. 44 One of the persons to whom the manu- 
scripts were exhibited was Archbishop Sancroft. 1884 Law 
Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 205 The records. exhibited to the 
affidavits filed in the cause. 

absol, 1880 Muirueap tr. /ustit. Gaius wv. § 163 His ap- 

lication for an arbiter involved an admission that he was 

und to restore or exhibit. mae 
+b. To give up (oneself to justice), Obs. rare". 

1628 Hosees 7hucyd. (1822)64 Pausanias..came forth and 
exhibited himself to justice. 

5. a. To submit for consideration ; to present, 
prefer (a petition, an accusation, etc.). Cf. 1. 

1 Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 16 § 11 Our true and faithful 
Subjects. .exhibited unto us a lamentable Bill of Complaint. 
1598 Suaxs. Merry W. u. i. 29 Why Ile Exhibit a Bill in 
the Parliament for the putting downe of men. 1634 W. 
Tirwuyt tr. Badsac’s Lett, 66 May easily impetrate at 
Gods hands any supplication you shall exhibite. 1647 
Crarenpon //ist, Red. 1. (1843) 10/1 He. .exhibited another 
charge of high treason against the duke. 1709 Stryre Ann. 
Ref. 1. iii. 75 A discourse exhibited to the Queen’s Council. 
1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 99 The several Charges exhibited 
by the Complainants against Mr. Ruston were frivolous and 


| malicious. 1805 East’s Rep. V. 353 Where two libels are 


exhibited against two inhabitants of a parish for tithes. 1829 
I. Taytor Enthus, iv. (1867) 79 beh wrk is merely to exhibit 
against the system the charge of delusion or enthusiasm. 
1883 Rules § sien Court xxxi. § 7 Any interrogatories 
may be set aside on the ground that they have been exhi- 
bited unreasonably. 
+b. To promulgate, publish (a decree or order). 

1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely 1.2 Orders should be exhibited 
for maintaining Officers and Souldiers, 

6. To set forth (in words or figures); to detail. 

1534 WuiTINTON 7xlves Offices 1. (1540) 27 In exhybetynge 
these offyces and dutyes, we must, etc. az oR Cos A 
Rem. (1688) 420 Leave to exhibit their Mind in writing. 
1687 Petty Pol. Arith. bowen: “#4 109 Mr. Samuel Fortry 
.-exhibits the particulars. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry 
ii. (1840) I. 82 Which [entries] I choose to exhibit in the 
words of the original. 1807 T. THomson Chem, (ed. 3) 11. 381 
The following Table exhibits the result of these experiments. 
1846 Mitt Logic. 1. iii. § 1 To exhibit an enumeration of all 
kinds of things which are capable of being made predicates. 

7. To manifest to the senses, esp. to the sight ; 
to present (a material object) to view. 

1573 (title), The Whole Works of W. Tyndall, etc. .. now 
in print here exhibited to the Church, 1659 Hammonn Ox 
Ps, xxiv. 6 Annot. 138 Where God hath promised to exhi- 


bite himself to those that worthily rope ae him, 1 
Go.psm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 318 Out of this To 4 
i 1796 Morse Amer, 


they exhibit their real head and eyes. 
Geog. 1. 128 The coasts .. sometimes exhibit extensive 
beaches. 1805 W. Saunvers Min, Waters 9 Water is.. 
made up of two substances, neither of which can be ex- 
hibited separately, except in the form, 1837 
Gore & Pritcnarn Microgr. 187 For a solar intended to 
exhibit large objects. 1860 TynpALt Glac, 1, iv. 33 It may 


be that the lake simply exhibits the colour of pure water. 


b. To present to mental view. 

1877 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 590 We haue of this,v 
many examples exhibited vnto om C, Lever in } atl 
S. P.Q. Eilts, (1845) 11, 522 Exhibite, |, my pardon in 
thy roves 1 ounson Let. Mrs. Thrale 1B Apr., She 
one er husband exhibited two very different a) 


a great gratuitie and benefite in time of necessitie, to 
them shewed and exhibited. 1 Foxe A. & A7, 11. 
gon/t To D. Royston .. he {Hum ummuth] exhibited 

ie or fiftie pounds. 1577 VauTrouLiier Luther on Ep. 
Gal. 178 The blessing promised to Abraham and exhibited 


ure, 1781 Gipnon Decé. § #. 11. xli, 506 The 
general exhibited a memorable lesson of firmness and se- 
yerity, 1802 Med, Yrn/. VIII. 532 Oxydated muriatic gas. . 
exhibits .. the surest means of checking contagi 1821 
J. Q. Apams in C. Davies Met. Syst. ut, (1871) 84 In both, 


1577 soeraplnie gt en pax 27 
expences charges Ambrose ex lb 
Hooker Excl. Pol. v.\x, (1611) 319 Wee defraude them 


r 
pf outward helps as wee ought to exhibit, 1623 Binc- 
HAM Xenophon 32 We will exhibite you a market. 


Triana in Fuller Cause § Cure (1867) 162 He kept Feli- 
ciano, .asa gentle almsman, exhibiting diet and some slender 
accommodations unto him, 

+b. intr. To provide maintenance; to give an 
‘exhibition’; to minister (to a person’s wants). 


the p is still exhibited. 
+c. intr, for refl. Obs. 
lossogr., Exhibite ..to shew it self. 


x Biount 
x 4 Tucker Lit. Nat, (1852) I. 119 It is in tee neteeel 


the mind to assent to w PP 
when all other evidence that might correct them is removed 
out of her reach, 

8. To represent by a figure, drawing, etc.; said 
also of the drawing itself. 

1799 Med. ¥rni. 1. 210 Embellished only with 34 plates, 


to the wants of 


but they exhibit mostly new, rare, and valuable 
om oe» a me 
is exhibited in the figure. 183 ER Optics 
vi. 63 The method .. of exhibiting caustic curves 
I have found convenient. 
b. To a ion or an embodiment 


1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. In the power of exhibit- 
chetpcher by maanitaate a he was 
nae ered (ed. 2) V. 12 [They] are to exhibit in their 
virtue which is the basis of the state. 


9. To manifest by signs, indicate the existence of, 


ceplsy, a : 

1799 Med. age II. 251 Countenance exhibits more dis- 
tress. 1832 Ht. Martineau /redand 113 More exhibited 
their uncomplaining poverty. ie their looks and dress, 
1845 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) I. 15 Gregory exhibits .. a 
union of prudence .. and i principle, 1854 


Brewster More Worlds ix. 147 The , and wisdom, 
and goodness of the Creator, are ex! to us every day 
and every hour. 

10. To show publicly for the of amuse- 


a show of; varely, to Stee in public. 

r Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) 1. 65 A nny bird exhi- 

ited i 1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries 1. 
31 This celebrated musician, whose laurel also is exhibited. 
1845 /lorist’s Frnl. 201 Mr. Eyles exhibited the best six. 

E. Hotmes Mozart 19 One of them .. happe to 
exhibit a solo on the violin. x Moriey Voltaire (1886) 
112 After supper Voltaire would exhibit a magic lantern. 
3878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 57 Except to exhibit as 
nee al Gotpsm. Vic. W. xviii, Carrying their scenes 

absol. ¥ DS! ic. W. xviii, 

..to the next village where they were to exhibit. 1806 
Gazetteer Scot, (ed. 2) 145 A theatre, where a party of stroll- 
ing comedi ionally exhibit, 1818 Jas. Mut Brit. 
Ind. Il. v. ¥. 493 With as much .. regularity, as if 
had been exhibiting on a parade. 

b. U.S. To present or declaim (a speech or 
an essay) in public. Also adso/. 

1817 Laws Yale Coll. iv. § 11 If any student .. shall 
exhibit anything not allowed by the Faculty. /¢d. viii. § 28 
No Student who shall receive any appointment to exhibit 
before the class. .shall give any treat of wine. 

ce. intr. for ref. 

1863 Mrs. C. Crarke Shaks. Char. vi. 152 He there ex- 
hibits in rampant folly. 

Hence Exhi-bited 27; 


l. a. 

1730-6 Battey (folio), .xhibitea, presented or offered. 
1775 AsH, a brought —_ to BTS» Moonlight 
ayed. HORNBURY /'urner I. 2 * Moonlight 
re illbank ’. .was his first exhibited Be icture. 

Exhibitable (egzibitab’l), a. [f. Exurmiry.+ 
-ABLE.] That admits of being exhibited, 

18: eripGe Lit. Rem. U1. 388 They are all duvduecs, 
exhibitable D at der 1860 CHamBers Eacycl, s. v. pom wd 
of Trade, Both actually gain, though the gain may not be 
exhibitable in the form a money-balance. 

Exhibitant (egzi-bitant). rare. [f. Exurpir v. 


+ -ANT.) a. One who exhibits or displays 
(qualities), +b. One who prefers or presents (an 
accusation). 


1818 Morn. Chron. 9 Feb., Articles ~o exhibited by 
the Right Honourable H Viscount Sidmouth. .against 
Arthur Thistlewood. . First this exhibitant saith, that in the 
tho Tower if Londoe on charges of highWenton, ao gs 
the Tower lon on c! ete. 

Blackw. Mag. LIX. 16 Liberality, anil geasroshy. scone 


hihi 


for the y of their exh 

Exhibiter (egzi-bitor). [f. as prec. + -ER!.] 
One who exhibits (in various senses of the vb.). 
Now vare ; = EXHIBITOR. a re 

1599 Suaxs. //en. V, 1. i. 74 He seemes. .rai swaying 
one ee our part, Then uerishing th’exhibiters against 
vs. 1613 T. Gopwin Rom. Antig. (1658) 99 The master or 
exhibiter thereof, did .. give notice unto people, what 
day the prize should be performed. 1836 Hor. Situ 77 
Trump. (1876) 267 The pig exhibiter with the 
author of the mischief. 

Exhibiting, v4/. sd, [f. as prec. +-1Ne!,] The 
action of the vb. —— ey Niseer = senses. 

1620 Venner Via Recta ow many ought 
there to be obserued in the exhibit pr pt one of in re- 

of the in Select. Harl, Misc, (1793) 311 
pega tied 06 W ae well-disposed ed chines 
fem. ALL. xi. x 

deposited their charitabl ie for the exhibiting to in- 
genious men at the universities. 


Exhibition (eksibisfon), Forms: 5-6 exibi- 
cion, -ycion, 5 (exebucion, -hebicion), exhi- 
bicion, -hibycion, -hybycyon, 7 (exhibicon), 
6— exhibition. (a. OF. exhibicion, Fr. exhibition, 
ad, late L, exhibition-em, n. of action f. exhibére 
oT The ond of providing or furnish 

action ing or furnishing. 

+1. Maintenance, menor, Obs. [Cf. late L. 

exhibitio et tegumentum = ‘food and raiment’ 


cheap den (Rolls) VII Ha litelle 

1432-50 tr. ‘ig ( ) VIL, 259 Havynge..a 

iT to his exhibici Bury Wills (1850) 
1480 Bury 5°) 


65, I will that. .oon parte therof to be applied and 
te thexibicion and paved et ofa 


paren chapleyn. 
1567 R. Mutcaster Fortescue’s De ond. Tee; tage 113 


for the exhibition [L. exhibitione) 
ar6ag Fietcuer Nice Valour um. i, My maintenance, ras- 
cals; my Bulk, my exhibition! 1711 Stryre (1821) 
i. pes, To bemow 4 8 of the said £10. .towards the use and 
exhibition grammar 
+b. The ‘ foundation’ of a school. 


15.. in Whiston Cathedral Trusts 12 That no childe be 


EXHIBITION. 


admitted to thexhibicion of the said churche, whose father 
is knowne to be worthe in goodes above ccc". , 

42. sing. and g/, An allowance of money for 
a person’s support ; a pension, salary. Ods. 

1498 Patent Roll 13 Hen. VII, On reasonable wages or 
exebucion. 1g01 Plumpton Corr. 163 He sendeth you but 
xi towards the exibicions of my nese his wyfe. 1635 Sir R. 
Bovte Diary in Lismore Papers Ser 1. (1884) IV. 138 
so! was lent to my son .. which I am to abate owt of his 
next Easter exhibicon, = Wycuertey Pl. Dealer v. i, 
He must have a setled Exhibition of forty pounds a Year. 
1741 Swirt Pres. St. Affairs Wks. anh i 1. 215 He..is 
driven to live in exile upona small exhibition. 

+b. A gift, present. Obs. 

1579 FuLKe Confut. Sanders 553 His owne bondslaues, 
whom he hyreth with a little exhibition, to blase his chari- 
tie. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. 1. iii. 75, 1 would not doe such a 
thing for a joynt Ring..nor any petty exhibition. 

3. +a. Pecuniary assistance given to a university 
student (ods. in general sense). b. Now only sfec. 
A fixed sum given for a term of years from the 
funds of a school, college, or university, generally 
upon the result of a competitive examination. Cf. 
Bursary 3 and ScHOLARSHIP. 

@. c1525 SKELTON Reflyc. 143 To gyve you exhibycion 
To mainteyne with your skolls. 158x Mucaster Posztions 
xxxix. (1887) 194 They will giue a scholer some petie poore 
exhibition to seeme to be religious. 1598 E. Gitpin Skia/. 
(1878) 11, I have sized in Cambridge, and my friends a sea- 
son Some exhibition for me there disburst. 

b. 1631 T. Apams in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 146 An 
exhibition of £40 per annum for two or three years. 1692 
Sir R. Burxecey in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) 11. 323 At St. 
Paul’s school he was chosen (with a small exhibition of £10 
a year ..) to go off to Cambridge, 1772 Hist. Rochester gt 
A yearly exhibition was to be paid to four scholars. 1806 
K. Wurte Let. 30 June, My last term bill amounts only to 
44 58. 3d., after my exhibitions are deducted. 1886 Oxf 


Univ. Calendar 37 Candidates for the [Junior Mathema- . 


tical] Exhibition must be Members of the University who 
have not exceeded eight Terms-from their matriculation 
inclusively. 

II. 4. Med. The administration of a remedy. 

1785 J. Pearson in Aled. Commun. 11.77 The most proper 
remedy against such a diarrhoea, is the exhibition of a 
cathartic. 1806 Wed. ¥rn/. XV. 101 During the exhibition 
of all these medicines, purgative glysters also. .were used. 
1875 B. Meavows Clix, Odserv. 28 As the result of the 
exhibition of arsenical treatment. 

III. 5. The action of exhibiting, submitting 
for inspection, displaying or holding up to view ; 
manifestation ; visible show or display (of a feel- 
ing, quality, etc.) ; an instance of this. Const. of 

1663 Barrow Servz, (1683) I. xii, 162 The ancient exhi- 
bition of a gracious promise. 1692 Ray Dissol, World 
1. ix. (732) 400 The Exhibition of the Messiah. 17or 
Grew Cosm. Sacra u. Vv. §17 What are all mechanick works, 
but the sensible exhibition of mathematick demonstrations? 
1755 Macens /xsurances I. 453 The Exhibition of the usual 
Clearances and Certificates. 1780 Harris Philol. Eng.Wks. 
(1841) 427 A dramatic piece, or play, is the exhibition of an 
action. 1833 CHALMERS Const. Max (1835) I. v. 208 Anger, 
if we but study its history and actual exhibitions. 1850 
Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 94 Dunstan never 
would have dared such an exhibition of presumption. 

b. The action of producing (an object of liti- 
gation) in court. 

1880 Murrueap tr. /nstit. Gaius wv. § 157 He is pursuer 
who desires exhibition or restitution. , 

e. Sc. Law. An action for compelling produc- 
tion or delivery of writings. 

1861 in W. Bett Dict. Law Scoti. oe 

d. concr. Something that is exhibited; a dis- 
play, sight, spectacle. 

1786 GiLpIn Odserv. Mts. §& Lakes 1. p. xxvii, The 
windings of a noble river—or some other exhibition. ¢1790 
Imison Sch. Art 11. 51 Some excellent prints. .held in great 
esteem among the admirers of exhibitions of this kind. 1848 
Macaufay Hist. Eng. 1. 665 Exhibitions which humane 
men generally avoid. 

e. Zo make an exhibition of oneself: to behave 
so as to appear in a contemptible aspect. Cod/og. 

6. A public display (of works of art, manufac- 
tured articles, natural productions, etc.) ; also, the 
place where the display is made. In early quots. 
often sfec. the exhibition of pictures of the Royal 
Academy; now applied esf. to those exhibitions 
on a large scale of which the ‘Great Exhibition’ 
held in London in 1851 was the first and typical 
example. 

1761 Jounson Let. Baretti 10 June in Boswell, The artists 
have instituted a yearly exhibition of pictures and statues. . 
This year was the second exhibition. 1818 Byron Beppo 
Ixxviii, No exhibition glares with annual pictures, 182 
Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Lif (1870) II. ix. 183 Is it 

ssible that the Exhibition has cl and ‘Silenus’ not 

een sold?’ 1851 Expositor 11 Jan. 163/3 The Exhibition 
is to be no mere fancy fair or amateur show-room. 1890 
(title), Catalogue of the Royal Military Exhibition. 
- b. attrib. and Com. 

1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxvii, It was too late to repair 
to the exhibition-room. 186r THornsury Turner I. 91 The 
lad’s own productions at Somerset House would have been 
quite enough to attract an exhibition-haunting a 

Hence Exhibi'tional a., of or pertaining to an 
exhibition, Exhibi-tionize, v., 20/ce-wd., intr. to 
frequent exhibitions. 

_ 1834 New Monthly Mag. XI. 245 Hackneyed as we are 

in exhibitionizing, we did not contemplate this scene without 

the iat asia 1882 J. Parker Afost. Life (1884) 
OL. . 


409 


III. 294 There is no touch of merely exhibitional genius. 
1886 New Princeton Rev. 1, 121 Malina and her suite had 
gone to partake of their yearly exhibitional refreshments. 

Exhibitioner (eksibi‘fano.). [f. prec. +-ER1.] 

+1. One who pays for (a person’s) mainten- 
ance. Oés. 

cxs7s Furxe Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 438 To 
make a fond florish a farre of in ei, bs of common wrang- 
ling, to please your patrones and exhibitioners. ; 

2. One who holds an exhibition at a university. 

1679 Burnet Hist. Ref. 1. 11. 227 (an. 1536) Yet severe Im- 

ositions and heavy Taxes were laid on them; a fifth part for 

epairs, a tenth at least foran Exhibitioner. 1707 HEARNE 
Collect. 24 Jan. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 319 10 Exhibitioners 
who are to study the Hebrew and Greek Tongues. 1843 
CoterivceE in Arnold Stanley's Life & Corr. (1844) I. i. 9 
Corpus is a very small establishment ..with four exhibi- 
tioners. 1886 Oxf Univ. Calendar 117 There is a power 
of renewal..if the College are satisfied with the Scholar 
or Exhibitioner, 

= EXHIBITOR I, 2. 

1791 G. WakEFIELD Exguiry Publ. Worship 30 The effect 
is not so correspondent to the nature of the expected visit- 
ant, as to the faculties of the exhibitioner. 1792 — /did. 
(ed. 2) 42 xote, The indefensible mode of our dissenting ex- 
hibitioners. 1840 /’raser’s aie: XXI. 730 There is among 
the present exhibitioners [at the Royal Academy] no lack 
of this kind of talent. : , 

Exhibitionist (eksibi‘fanist). xave—'. [f. as 
prec. +-IST.] One who takes part in an exhibition 
or public performance ; a performer. 

1821 Blackw. Mag. 1X. 571 The whole of the service is to 
devolve upon the clergyman and the precentor, with a few 
hired or trained exhibitionists. 

Exhibitive (egzibitiv), @ [ad. mod.L. ex- 
hibitivus, f. exhibit-: see EXHIBIT v. and -IVE.] 

+1. Having the function of imparting or com- 
municating. Cf. Exnipirv.1. Const. of Obs. 

[1550 Bucer Conf de Euch. $54 Malo dicere..pane & vino 
dari corpus & sanguinem Domini, quam significari, et panem 
hic signum esse corporis exhibitivum quam signum simpli- 
citer.} 1607 Schol, Disc. agst. Antichr.1. ii. 98 The signes 
of the old Testament be not in his iudgment exhibitiue of 
any grace, but significatiue only. 1681 R. L’EstrancE 
A pol, Prot. tv. i. 112 That the Species of Bread and Wine 
are not only Signs..but that they are also Exhibitive and 
Communicative. .of the very things that they represent. 

2. Having the property or function of exhibiting 
or showing forth. Const. of. 

1596 H. Crarnam Briefe Bible 1. 32 Togither with his 
Covenant, the Lord adioyneth a Seale, or exhibitiue Signe. 
1708 Brit. Apollo No. 45. 1/2 Words exhibitive of a double 
figure. 1737 WaTERLAND Eucharist 168 The Sacramental 

Bread. .representative and exhibitive of the natural Body. 
+8. Used for: Self-manifesting. (Of the Divine 
mind: by Norris opposed to conceptive.) Obs. rare. 

1678 Noxris Coll. Misc. (1699) 159 The Simple Essences 
of Things. .are the same with that (sc. the Divine] Under- 
standing it self, consider’d as variously exhibitive or repre- 
sentative. Jéid. 352 By the mind of God Exhibitive, is 
meant the essence of God, as thus or thus imitable, or par- 
ticipable by any Creature. 

Hence Exhi‘bitively adv. 

1610 T. Hiccons Ser. Pauls Crosse 3 Mar.(1611) 21 This 
grace is, equally, in all the persons, but originally in the 
Father, exhibitiuely in the Son. _1739 WATERLAND Sacram. 
Part Eucharist 12 The Trope lies in the Verb was, put for 
signify, or exhibitively signifie. ; 

Exhibitor (egzi*biter). [a. L. exhzdztor, agent- 
n. f. exhibére to EXHIBIT. ] 

1. One who shows (something) as a curiosity; 
a showman, one who produces in public a show or 
spectacle. Cf. EXHIBITER b. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes i. xi. 245 The exhibitors of that 
shew politiquely had plac’d Whiflers arm’d and link’d 
through the Hall. 1814 Worpsw. Excursion vi. 29 The 
spectator, who a while was pleased More than th’ exhi- 
bitor himself. a@1845 Hoop Ode to ¥. Ireland i, Oh, very 
reverend Dean and Chapter, Exhibitors of giant men. 1875 
Bucktanp Log-bk, 19 The exhibitor told usa wonderful story. 

2. One who contributes an article for public ex- 
hibition. 

1845 Florist’s Frni. 205 The only exhibitor in the class 
for 12 species, y 2 Expositor 11 Jan. 163/3 The hosts of 
exhibitors [at the Exhibition of 1851]. 

Hence Exhi‘bitorship. 

1862 Sat. Rev. XIV. 72/1 Medal and Honourable Men- 
tion become little more than a certificate of exhibitorship. 

Exhibitory (egzi'biteri), a. and sd. [ad. L. 
exhibitori-us, {. exhibére ; see EXHIBIT and -oRY.]} 

A. adj. 

1. a. Intended to exhibit, set forth, or display. 
b. Of or pertaining to display or exhibition. 

1772 Warton Life Sir T. Pope (1780) 379 note, An exhi- 
bitory bill .. of expences for their removal this year. 1849 
Ruskin Sev. — i. § 8,18 The treatment of the Papists’ 
temple is eminent!  Eoecrwsaagy 3 it is surface work through- 
out. 1879 H. N. Hupson Hamlet Pref. 15 Knowledge .. 
less available for..exhibitory purposes. 1882 Century Mag. 
XXV. ror The gay, storm-beleaguered camp, in the words 
of its ey press, began to ‘boom’. : 

2. Intended to cause the exhibition or production 
of an article in dispute. 

1886 Murrueap in Excycl. Brit. XX. 709/1 If the respon- 
dent obeyed the order in a restitutory or exhibitory decree, 
there was an end of the matter. 

+B. sd. A procedure with regard to the ‘ exhi- 
bition’ of remedies. Ods. 

1607 WALKINGTON Oft. Glass 14 Physicians. .(whose exhi- 
por a to themselues do not pataitele their prescripts..to 
others). 


EXHORT. 


Exhilarant (egzi-lirint), a. and sé. [a. F. 
exhilarant, ad. L. exhilarant-em, pr. pple. of ex- 
hilarére to EXHILARATE.] 


A. adj, That exhilarates; exhilarating. 

1866 Mrs. Witney L. Goldthwaite xii. 294 The exhilarant 
draught in which they drank the mountain-joy. 1872 
Bracke Lays Hight. Introd. 49 The breeze .. and the tide 
--impart a healthy and an exhilarant stimulus. 

B. sd. An exhilarating medicine. 

1803 Pitxincton View Derbysh. I. 329 It has been holden 
in high repute as a cordial and exhilerant [szc]. 1839 Nez 
Monthly Mag. LVII. art The use of this drug as an exhi- 
larent [szc] is not confined to the poor. «1843 SvuTHEY 
Doctor (1849) 164 An exhilarant and a cordial which re- 
joiced and strengthened him. 1868 Garrop Mat. Med. 
(ed. 3) 390 Exhilarants are medicines whose primary effect 
is to cause an exaltation of the spirits. 

Exhilarate (egzilaireit), v. Forms: 7-8 ex- 
hilerate, (6 -arite), 6-exhilarate. [ad. L. exhz/- 
arat- ppl. stem of exhilarare, f. ex- (see Ex- 
pref.) + hilar-is cheerful : see Hitariry.] 

1. trans. To make cheerful or merry; to cheer, 
enliven, gladden (a person, his spirits, etc.). 

1540 Morysine Vives’ Introd. Wysd. Evjb, A cleane 
anda pure conscience maye exhilarate the mynde. 1621 
Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii, vi. iii, Sundry are the meanes .. 
to exhilerate a sorrowfull heart. 1751 SMoLtetr Per. Pic. 
(1779) II. xxxviii. 22 Peregrine..advised him to exhilarate 
his spirits with a glass of wine. @ 1763 SHENSTONE L's. 36 
He would be exhilarated at the sight of the first beggar that 
he saw. 1796 C. MarsHaLt Garden. xx. (1813) 426 Frost 
..exhilarates our spirits. 1848 Dickens Domébey xxxvi, It 
seemed greatly to delight and exhilarate him to say so. 

b. To impart cheerfulness to, enliven (a thing or 
pursuit). 

175 JoHNson Rambler No. 177? 5 A select company of 
curious men, who met once a week to exhilarate their 
studies. 1795 ANDERSON Lybassy China 274 A joyous 
dinner, exhilarated by plenty of spirits. 

+2. intr. To become cheerful. Obs. rare—'. 

1620 Bacon Sf, ix Parl. in Lett. §& Life (1874) VII. 177 
The shining of the sun, whereby all things exhilarate, is 
hindered by clouds, F 3 

Exhilarating (egzi'lareitin), 27. a. [f. as 
prec. + -ING*.] That exhilarates; cheering, en- 
livening, inspiriting. 

1643 Mitton Divorce u. ix. (1851) 87 Marriage .. was 
especially giv’n as a cordiall and exhilarating cup of solace. 
1708 J. Puitirs Cyder u. 66 A Continual Tide Flows from 
th’ exhilerating Fount. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Denham, 
Nothing is less exhilarating than the ludicrousness of Den- 
ham. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1879) 76 We. .started for 
another exhilarating gallop. 1865 LivincstoneE Zamzdesi 
xxv. 519 The air which was exhilarating to Europeans. 

Hence Exhi-laratingly adv. 

1850 in Ocitvie. : 

Exhilaration (egzi:larzi-fon). Also 7-8 ex- 
hileration. [ad. late L. exhilaration-em, n. of 
action f. exhtlardre to EXHILARATE.] 

1. The action or means of exhilarating ; a cheer- 
ing or enlivening influence. 

1623-6 CockEeraM, E-rhileration. 1629 J. MAxwe tt tr. 
Herodian (1635) 301 To use all. .exhilarations for joy of the 
gods wedding. 1792 V. Knox Servi. xi. 247 This remedy. . 
enlivens..by an unnatural exhilaration. 1864 Loncr. Fale. 
Ser. Feder. 139 There was. .that wild exhilaration in the air. 

2. The condition or feeling of being exhilarated. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 721 Exhilaration hath some Affinity 
with Joy. 1802 CoGan Philos. Treat. Passions 1. ii, (ed. 2) 
63 Every species of torpor is subdued ; an exhilaration suc- 
ceeds. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xxiv, A bill of fare that 
might kindle exhilaration in the breast of a misanthrope. 
1875 Hamerton /xtell. Life x. v. 388 The feeling of..ex- 
hilaration will last for several hours. : 

Exhilarative (egzi‘larctiv), a. [f. L. exhi- 
larat- ppl. stem of exhzlarare to EXHILARATE + 
-IVE.]_ Tending to produce exhilaration. 

1864 CarLyLe Fvedk. Gt. 1V. 356 Pamphlets .. sapid, ex- 
hilarative. 1873 S¢. Paul's Mag. Feb. 133 It was a morn- 
ing most exhilarative. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 
200 A feeling of lassitude..preceded..by a short period of 
exhilarative excitement. 

Exhilarator (egzi‘lareiter). [f. EXHILARATE 2. 
+-OR.] One who, or that which, exhilarates. 

1807 Edin, Rev. X. 88 We certainly do not approve of 
cards and wagers as the best exhilarators of the spirits. 
1822 Blackw. Mag. X11. 279 Where Erskine parted his 
mantle of puns among the. .aspiring exhilarators of the Bar. 

Exhilaratory, 2. 7a7e. [f. EXHILARATE v, + 
-orY.] Having the effect of exhilarating. 

1871 L. SterHen Playground of Europe 284 The danger 
is trifling enough to be merely exhilaf{ra]tory. 

Exhilient, bad form of Ex1nient, Ods. 

Exhort (egzhft, egzg'rt), v. Forms: 4-6 ex- 
ort(e, -horte, 4- exhort. [ad. L. exhort-ari, f. ex- 
intensive + hortdvz to encourage : see HorTaTory. 
Cf. F. exhorter and Ennort. Not now in col- 
loquial use.] 

1. ¢vans. To admonish earnestly; to urge by 
stimulating words to conduct regarded as laudable. 
Said also of circumstances, etc.: To serve as an 
incitement. a. szmply. 

cx400 Apol. Loll. 30 If prestis ouerwile exort or monest 
pe peple. a@1533 Lp. Berners Huon |xxxi. 247 He soo 
exorted me that at the houre of mydnyghte he made me to 
aryse hastely. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 25 To the wych 
purpos.,the tyme exhortyth us. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. 
Prayer, Offices 19 Then shall the minister exhort the sicke 
person after this fourme. 1604 Suaxs. Ham. ww. iv. 46 (Qq.) 

52 


EXHORT. 


Examples, gross as earth, exhort me. Lytton Falk. 
Zand 40 Write to me..exhort me, ar 

absol. c1400 Apol. Loll. 31 Pe prest be de exort in 
al doctrin. 1526-34 TinpALe 2 7%. iv. 2 Exhorte with all 
longe sufferinge and doctryne. ne Hosses Leviath. u. 
xxv. 131 The words. .of him that Exhorteth. a 1845 BaRHAM 
Ingol. Leg., dd Yarvis, Whether the Rev. Mr. Hyandry 
exhorted or le way for the Rev. Mr. Tearbrain. 188 
Brace (R.V.) Rom. xii. 8 He that exhorteth, to his exhorting. 

b. Const. fo with inf. or subord. clause. 
1490 Caxton Eneydos iv. (1890) 19, I the exhorte and coun- 


ceylle that thou ne defoylle nomore thyn hondes wyth my 
bloode. 1 Thynne's ed. of Chaucer's L. GW. Hyps. & 
Medea 73 That he in his neuewe Iason wolde exhorte To 


saylen to that londe. 1535 CoverpaLe Neh. ix. 26 Thy 
prophetes (which exhorted them so earnestly, that they 
shulde conuerte vnto the), x6xx Biste 77¢. ii. 6 Yong men 
likewise exhort, to bee sober minded. 1735 Berketey De/. 
Free-think, in Math. § 37, L have long ago done what you 
so often exhort me to do. 1860 Hoox Lives A dfs. (1869) I. 
v. 226 The bishops were exhorted not to engage in secular 
affairs more than was necessary. re! 
e. Const. fo an action or course, a condition. 

1529 More Dyadoge 1. Wks. 162/2 To call and exorte the 
worlde from all leasure of the fleshe to the puritie and 
clennes of the yand soule. 1. Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. 
x. (1611) 25 The Apostle, in exhorting men to contentment. 
1747 Jounson Plan Eng. Dict. Wks. 1X. 185 Commonly 
.. we exhort to good actions, we instigate to ill. a1785 
Guover A thenaid 1. 451 through each city. . Have pass’d, 
exhorting. .Greece To bold defence. 1848 Macauay //ist, 
Eng. Il. 79 The people would be exhorted to liberality. 

2. With o7, a thing: To recommend earnestly ; 
to insist upon. 

c1s0o New Not-br. Mayd in Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 
47 What I exhorte Not herde is. 1526-34 Tinpace 1 Tim, 
vi. 2 These thynges teache and exhorte. 1667 Mitton P. L. 
u. 179 While we..Designing or exhorting pon Warr. 
1771 Frankiin Axtobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 8 Exhorting the 
repeal of those laws, so contrary to charity. 1856 Frovpe 
Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 96 He. .again exhorted a reform. 

+ Exhorrt, sd. Ods. [f. prec. vb.] = Exnorta- 
TION. 

c1475 Partenay 3972 By the exort of vntrew man. 1525 
Lp. Berners Froiss. If. Pref., The princely exhorte, 
whiche..our foresaid gracyous soueraygne gaue me. 1590 
Lonce Euphues Gold. Leg., Did he make a large exhort 
unto concord? cx6rr CHAPMAN //iad x1, 183 Everywhere 
he breathed exhorts. 1715-20 Pope //ad xu. 324 Drown 
Hector’s Vaunts in low xhorts of Fight. 1829 A. W. 
Fonsranque Engl, under 7 Administr. (1837) 1. 238 Per- 
petual exhorts to a new birth unto Toryism. 


+Exhortance. Ols. In 7 Sc. exhortans. 
[f. as prec. + -ANCE.] = EXxHORTATION. 

(But possibly exiortans may be an abbreviation in the 
MS. for exhortations.) 

c1646 T. Craururp Hist. Univ. Edinb. (1808) 45 He 
[Mr. Robert Rollock] .. with most pithy exhortans setting 
them on to vertue and pietie. 

+ Exhortary. Os. rare—'. In 6 -arie. [f. 
Exuort sd, +-ARY.] = EXHORTATION. 

1584 Lopcr Alarum 54 The father.. having. ended this 
exhortarie is answered. .of his dissembling sonne thus. 

Exhortation (eksgité'fon). Forms: 4-5 
exort-, exhortacioun, 5-6 exhortacion, -yon, 
exortacion, (6 exhortatyoun, exortation) 5- 
exhortation. [ad. L. exhortation-em, n. of action 
f. exhortari to Exnort. Cf. Fr. exhortation.] 

1. The action or process of exhorting, of earnestly 
admonishing or urging to what is deemed laudable 
conduct; an instance of this. 

1382 Wyctir 1 Tim. iv. 13 Til I come take tent to 
redynge, to exortacioun and techynge. c¢ 1425 WyNTOUN 
Cron. vu. viii. 720 Eftyr .. syndry exhortatyownys. 1477 
Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 6 To gadre money or tresor 
by subtyl exortation. rg05 Fisner Penit. Ps. Wks. 1 
This treatyse .. was made.. at the exortacion and ster- 
ynge of. .princesse Margarete. 1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech. 
(1884) 30 Thair mother gaf exhortacion to ilkane of thame. 
@1656 Hates 7racts (1677) 11 Exhortations from all sin. 
1732 ATTERBURY Sem. (1723) II. vi. 224 There is no Room 
for any Exhortations to charity. 1828 WHaTety Rhet. 11. 
Introd., A great part of the Preacher’s business consists of 
Exhortation. 1841 D’Isrart1 Amen. Lit. (1867) 177 An 
exhortation to the youthful monarch to check his own self- 
indulgence. . 

2. A set speech delivered for the purpose of ex- 
horting; a discourse; esp. a formal address in the 
course of a religious observance, liturgical formulary 
or rite. Also in phrase, 70 make an exhortation. 

c14so Why J can't be a Nun 373 in E. E, P, (1862) 148 
Now, ladyes, taketh gode hede to thys exhortacion That I 
haue taw3t yow in thys lore. 1547 Boorpe /utrod. Know. 
xxxvil. 215 All the people war gathered about him, to heare 
him make an exortation. 14 Rareicu Hist. World 1. 
326 The place .. where Moses made those divine exhorta- 
tions some say was Bethabara. 1704 Newson Fest. & Masts 
u. ix. (1739) 582 As the Exhortation before the Communion 
suggests to us, 31848 Dickens Dombey v, The clergyman 
. delivering (very unaffectedly and simply) the closing ex- 
hortation. 1875 Stusss Const, Hist, III. xviii. 28 The result 
of this exhortation was a long and. , important session, 

3. attrib. 

1872 Suirtey Glossary 190 Exhortation Week, The week 
before Septuagesima Sunday; so called in the Eastern 
Church because the faithful are then exhorted to prepare for 
the Great Fast. Also called Exhortatory Week. 

Exhortative (egz/-1tativ), a. [ad. L. exhorta- 
tiv-us, f. exhortdri : see Exnort and -Ive. Cf. F. 
exhortatif, -ive.| Of, pertaining to, or containing 
ea intended to exhort, 

1564 J. Wirte (¢7t/e), Agapetus, An Exposition of Chapters 
Exhortative. 1583 [see Geanccaak 1631 WerEver 


410 
Anc. Fun, Mon, 246 Laurence writ .. exhortatiue Epistles 


to the Bishops. 1687 T. Tramatuier in Aagd. Coll. 
‘as. II (Oxf. PUREED 089 i of g 
¢ 1810 CoLeripce Notes on Fer. Taylor, Lit. Rem. 
III. 30r The words of the are ive and de- 
ive. 1836 Blackw. Mag. XX XIX. 231 The dictato- 
ial exhortative style of the ing journal. 1836 Lane 


Hence 

1693 Leicuton Comm. 1 Pet. (1850) I. 146 Some read 
these words exhortatively. 

tor (ekspité'tor). rare—°. [a. late L. 
exhortator, agent-n. f, exhortari to Exnort.] One 
who exhorts or encourages ; = EXHORTER. 

1846 Worcester cites Penny Cycl. In mod. Dicts. 

tory (egzpstateri), a. and sd. [ad. 
late L. exhortatori-us, f. exhortari; see EXHORT v. 
and -ory.]_ - 
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or containing ex- 
hortation, intended to exhort. 

1544 ‘H. Sratsrypce’ (title), Epistel exhortatorye .. 
—— the p Popysh Bischop 1616 N. Brent 
tr. Sarpi’s Hist. Counc. Trent (1676) 314 a used..an 
exhortatory remedy to the Prelates. sigs Br. Hatt Efise. 
ut. ix. 269 An exhortatory conclusion to our brethren at 
home. 1780 Arnot /fist, Edin. i. Nee 38 The minis- 
ter preached an exhortatory discourse. 1818 T. JEFFERSON 
Writ. (1830) 1V. 448, I could take no part in it [the discus- 
sion] but an exhortatory one. 1870 tr. Lange's Comm. 
Eccl. 76 The entire contents.. are of an exhortatory cha- 
racter. 

+ B. sb. An exhortatory discourse. Ods. 

1 H. Hammonp (f/t/e), A Parznesis or Exhortatory to 
all True Sons of the Church. 2675 J. Smitu Chr. Relig. 
Appeal i. 37 Justin Martyr. .in his Exhortatory to the Gen- 
tiles. 

Exhorter (egzj:1to1). Also 6 exhortoure, 
Sc. exhortar. [f. Exnort v. +-ER1},] 

1. One who exhorts or urges on to action. Ods. 
1552 Hutoert, Exhortoure, suasor. 1554. Martin Marr, 


rial is 
Mod. Egyft. I. x. 317 A few words ..exhortative to charity. 
‘rtatively 


_ Priests Aaiv, A moste deuoute exhorter, & a most 


earnest perswader. 1655-60 StanLey //ist. Philos. (1701) 
85/2 Socrates as being a Man Absolute and Perfect. .never 
needed any exhorter. 
Rev. CXX. 146 He took a lively interest in prayer-meet- 
a -and was an earnest exhorter. 

. spec. In various Christian Churches, a person 
appointed to give religious exhortation under the 
direction of a superior minister. Cf. EVANGELIST 3 c. 


1513-75 Diurn. Occurr, (Bannatyne Club) 88 It was or- 
danit the Ministeris, exhortaris and reidaris of this 
realme. 1564 Act Edin. Gen. Assembly 25 Dec., An Act.. 


*Ordaining every Minister, Exhorter and Reader to have 
one of the Psalm Books’. 1637-50 Row Hist, Kirk (1842) 
40 The Generall Assemblie [to] appoynt the proportion how 
much shalla Superintendent have. .how peel aa Exhorter, 
how mucha Reader. 1772 Westry ¥rn/. 5 June, One of 
these exhorters was Jacob Rowell. 

Exhorting (egzf"1tin), vd/. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-InG!,.] The action of the vb. ExHort ; encour- 
agement, instigation; an exhortation, address. 

1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xx. 65 The proude mayden 
in amours, after this exhortyng. .sayde that she sholde noo 
more speke therof vnto her. 1490 — Eneydos xl. 132 
Euander slewe his fader td exhortynge of his moder that 
vyceta was called. 1591 Harincton Ord. Fur. xxviii. xcvi, 
The godly Frier.. With new exhortings bad her to beware, 
Exhumate (eksjhivmeit),v. Also 6 pa. pple. 
exhumate. [f. med.L. exhumadt- ppl. stem of ex- 
huma-re to EXHUME.] = Exnumev. Ut. and fig. 

1548 Hatt Chron, (1809) 796 The Kyng hearyng his su 
ject to be exhumate and ll without his knowledge. 
1619 ‘R. Jones’ [Lushington] in Phenix (1708) II. 480 The 
Women gave the Watch-word to the Disciples, who imme- 
diately do exhumate his Body. 1715 M. Davies A then. 
Brit. 1. 175 His [(Wiclif's] y was Exhumated and 
Burnt. /ézd.1. 272 The present Sermon-maker would needs 
exhumate poor Fryar Jot, 1 Worcester cites Dr. 
Hitcucock. 1881 Gd. Words XXII. 45/1 The writer whose 
hands are cramped with the pen will draw his legs from under 
the desk, and. .exhumating his knapsack, dry with a winter's 
dust, [will] make straight for the mountain, 

Exhumation (eksjhivméi:fan). [a. Fr. exhu- 
mation, ad, med.L. exhumdation-em, n. of action 
f. exhumda-re to EXHUME.] The action or process 
of digging up or removing (a body, etc.) from 
beneath the ground. Also, an instance of this. 

1797 W. Sewarp Suppl. to Anecd. 288 Tracts relative to 
the exhumation in the t church at Dunkirk, 1819 
Soutuey in Q. Rev. XXI. 373 The details of this barbarous 
exhumation are curious. 183r Brewster Newton (1855) 
II, xxiv. 344 The dead y of Arsenius was, r exhu- 
mation, |e ge before the council of Tyre, 1851 D. 
Witson Preh, Ann, 11, m. vi. 163 The exhumation of two 
oaken cists. 1869°E. A. Parkes Pract, Hygiene (ed, 3) 114 
Febrile affections produced by exhumations. .of bodies. 

Exhumator (eksjhivme'taz). [agent-n. f. L. 
exhumare to Exuume.] One who exhumes. 

1820 Blackw. Mag. V1. 321 The fraternal embrace of the 
exhumator of Tom Paine’s . 1831 Fraser's Mag. U1. 
271 The exhumators of the remains of Adam Smith, 1832 
Shaone in Blackw. Mag. XXXII. 417 If the reformers of 
our day have no Hampden, they have his exhumator and 
biographer, Lord Nugent, 

Exhume (eks,hi#'m), v. [ad. F. exhume-r, ad. 
med.L. exhum-dre (13th c. in Du Cange), f. ex- out 
+hum-us ground.) 

1. trans, To dig out or remove (something 
buried) from beneath the ground. 

1783 Watson Philip [17 (L.), More than a dozen bodies 


1875 C. F. Wincate in NV. Amer. | 


he Soe 


= re Shas 


were thus i humed. Mrs, Jameson 

Sacr. & Leg. naa tor It was eee 

= to exhume.. bodies of men. 1862 Dana 
fan. Geol, 643 Bones 


1863 


tolerable plenty. 2" 

Hence Exhu'med £//. a. (in quots. fig.). 

1840 Giapstone Ch. Princ. 19 tote? ein hy aa 
it were, exhumed verities a degree of weight and promin- 
ence. 1878 H. M. Stantey Dark Cont. Il. xii. 356 The 
aborigines of these new and exhumed regions. 

Exhumer (eksjhizmoaz). [fas prec. + -ER1.] 
One who exhumes. 

1872 Mark Twain /unoc. Abr. xxxi. 243 The exhumers of 
Pompeii. 1886 Pall Mail G, 24 Apr. 5/2 The work of the 


exhumer is amply id. 
Exhybe : sec EXuiwe, Obs. 
Exibilate, exiccate, etc. : see ExstBrLarr, etc. 
+ Exi-conize, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. Gr. éfet- 


| wovit-ev, f. é- (see Ex- pref.2) + € image.] 
| trans. To pc depict. 
Eart Mancuester in Mountague's Let., etc. 12 Our 


faith..is no other but what is exiconized in the Apostles’ 


creed, 
idemic, -al: see List of Spurious Words.] 
Ev-xient. Chronol. Obs. rare. [ad. L. exiens, 
pr. pple. of exire; see Exit. Cf. transient.] 
Preceded by a numeral: The (first, second, etc.) 
year reckoned from any epoch. 

1677 Cary Chronol. 6 e fourth Exient of the sixth 
Olympiad. /id. 223 The 3rd exient of Asa. 

Exies (eksiz), sb. £/. Sc. [? corruption of Ac- 
cEss.] ? Hysterics. 

1816 Scott Antig.xxxv, ‘ Jenny Rintherout has ta’en the 
exies, and done naething but laugh and t’. 1818 — Br, 
Lamm. xi, ‘The cook-maid in the trembling exies’. 

| Exigeant (eks/zan), a. ([Fr. pr. pple. of 
exiger, ad. L. exigére: see EXIGENT.] = Exactine 
ppl. a. 3. Also used (with sbs. denoting women) 
in fem. form Exigeante (¢ksizait). 

1803 Mar. Epcewortu Belinda vii, Clarence Hervey had 
been used to the brilliant and exi lady Del: 
1837 C’ress Birssincton in C, Heath Bk. 4 Beauty 190 It 
scarcely satisfied the jealous and exigeant r, 87x R. 
H. Hutton £ss. I. 22 Falling into the jealous, exigeant, 
selfish type of affection. 

ence (eksidzéns), Also 7 exegence. 
[a. F. exigence, ad. L. exigentia, f. exigent-em, pr. 
pple. of exigére : see EX1GENT.] 
. The state or fact of being exigent; urgent 
want ; need, necessity. 

1589 Puttennam Lng. Poesie 1. xx. (Arb.) 58 A privat per- 
son, whose manner of life and calling hath no such exigence. 

P, FLeTcHer ¢ Isl. vim. xvi, Their violence .. 

as none, or weak in time of greatest T. 

H[are] New J/nvent. a So many..as will suffice in time 

of Exigence. 1849 C. Bronte Shzr/ey xxi, A churchwarden 
who feels the exigence of whitewash. 

+b. What is needed or uired; demands, 

exigency, need, requirement ; = GENCY 2, Obs, 

1594 Hooker Lec?. Pol. 1. xiv. (1611) 43 According to the 

ig of that iall end wh they are intended 
1642 Jer. Tavtor Lfisc. (1647) 92 The nature of his offices 
.. and the whole exi Ge ee oe 
Bishop. 74 Hare Contemfi. 1. 443 For convenient 
support of the Exigences of my nature and condition. 1710 
Tatler No, 252 ® 2 If we drink the least Proportion 
the Exigence of Thirst. 1784 Cowrer Zask 1. 57 aa 
counsel, if it. .fall Below the exigence. 1818 Jas. Mutt Brit. 
India 11, 1. ix. 287 Supervisors, with powers adapted to the 
exigence of the case. 

2. A pressing state of circumstances, or one de- 
manding immediate action or remedy; a sudden 
or pressing necessity ; an emergency; a difficulty, 
extremity, strait. 

a True Informer 1 ie M Cl ae mo all his 

to appeare, to advise with them exigence. 
1671 Crowne Juliana 1v, A warlike Fantome By heaven 
created for this exi rm & Matuer Magn. Chr, 1. 
iv. (1852) 124 Mr, .. being. .in this exigence chosen 
the governour, 1726 De For Hist. Devil 1. xi. (1840) 160 


4] 8. As a personal quality ; rare. 
[After Fr. use ; cf. EXtGEANT. 
if Lavy ee eae ing 
my every hour 

Hetrs Friends in C, Ser. 11, 11. 102 The habit 
Of rigence, That last ls not a common English word, 


b. Urgent want ; 


of this; in #2 pressing needs, straits. 


EXIGENDARY. 


a. 1769 Rosrrrson Chas. V, III. x. 224 Such immediate 
. assistance as the exigency of her affairs required. 1794 
Patey £vid. 1. iv. (1817) 66 To inspire them with fortitude 
proportioned to the increasing exigency of the service. 1836 
3 iLBERT Chr. Atonem. ix. (1852) 289 Nor whatever the 
exigency of our circumstances, can we rationally doubt of 
needful assistance. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 577 The 
exigency of the case warranted him in borrowing .. a fine 
horse belonging to Dare. 

b. 1630 Wapswortu Pilgr. vii. 70 [He] was driven to 
such an exigency that he was constrained [etc.]. 1659 Ge, 
Calling (1696) 88 The amazing Exigencies of a sinking Man 
..excuse the folly of catching at Reeds. 1697 DrypEn 
Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) I. 79 The Romans in great 
Exigency, sent for their Dictator from’ the Plow. 1707 
Appison Pres. St.. War. Wks. 1746 III. 245 We already 
complain of our want of bullion and must at last be reduced 
to the greatest exigencies, 1761 Sterne 7%. Shandy (1802) 
III. ii. 260 The natural exigency my father was under of 
rubbing his head. 1833 I. ‘T'avLor Fawat. ii. 37 The ex- 
treme exigency of the moment. 1863 FRouve //ist. Eng. 
VIII. 61 Yet the Exigencies of England required peace. 

2. That which is needed or required; demands, 
needs, requirements: a. sizg.; now rare exc. in 
Law (see quot. 1883). b. pi. 

a. 581 Lamparpe Liven. ut. i. (1588) 329 The residue 
were fined. .according to the exigencie and temper of their 
fault. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., The various exigency 
of times and occasions, 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India III. 
vi. i. 37 In his demands upon the Rajah. . Mr. Hastings had 
exceeded the exigency. 1850 W. Irvinc Mahomet xxxii. 
(1853) 164 The talents of Mahomet rose to the exigency of 
themoment. 1883 Sir F. Pottock in Law Rep. 11Q. Bench 
433 When the sheriff has seized the debtor’s goods, it is 
his duty to go on selling until he shall have realized enough 
to satisfy the exigency of the writ. 

b. 1674 Brevint Saul at Endor iv. 73 Devout persons 
are directed to several saints, for their several exigen- 
cies. 1724 Swirt Drafier’s Lett. iii, I intreat you will never 
suffer Mr. Wood to be a judge of your exigencies. 1857-8 
Sears Athan, iv. 28 Those who think God will..work mira- 
cles..to meet the exigencies of theology. 

+ Exigendary. Law. Obs. [ad. med.L. exd- 

ee 6 ‘ Pi 1 
gendarius, f. exigenda: see EXIGENT 56,% and ARY1.] 
= EXIGENTER. 

— Cowex Juterpr. Exigendarie of the common bank .. 
is otherwise called Exigenter. 1721 in BatLey, 1848 in 
Wuarton Law Lex. 

Exigendie: see Exicent 50.2 

Exigent (eksidzént), a. and sd.1 Also 5 -ente, 
6-7 exegent(t, 7 exgigent. [ad. L. exigent-em, pr. 
pple. of exigére, f. ex- out+agére to drive: see 
Exact v. Cf. OF. exigent.) A. adj. 

1. Requiring immediate action or aid ; pressing, 
urgent. 

1670 CLARENDON Contenipl. on Ps. Tracts (1727) 617 That 
exigent cry for help. 1796 Burky Lett, Noble Ld. Wks. 
VIII. 46 At this exigent moment the loss of a finished man 
is not easily supplied. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Univ. 
Wks. (Bohn) II. 94 A fop..in exigent circumstances, will 
play the manly part. 1882 T. MozLey Rein. II. |xxxiii 
98 There were other and more exigent demands [upon Deni- 
son’s means]. 

2. Requiring a great deal ; demanding more than 
is reasonable ; exacting, pressing. 

1828 A. W. Fonsianque Engl. under 7 Administr. (1837) 
I. 144 It was said of some exigent man, that, etc. 1842 
Sir H. Taytor Edwin the Fair u. ii, A love that clings 
not, nor is exigent, Encumbers not the active purposes, 
Nor drains theirsource. 1870 Emerson Soc. § Solit., Clubs 
Wks. (Bohn) III. 92 Varied foods, climates, beautiful ob- 
jects..are the necessity of this exigent system of ours. 1871 

Tortey Voltaire (1878) 76 His restlessness .. was never 
tyrannical and exigent. 

b. Const. of. 

1834 Sir H. Taytor Artevelde 11.1. ii, But now this body, 
exigent of rest, Will needs put ina claim, 1871 Mor.ry 
Vauvenargues Crit. Misc. 20 An age when the intellect is 
usually most exigent of supremacy, ~ 

. 5d, 

+1. A state of pressing need; a time of extreme 
necessity ; a critical occasion, or one that requires 
immediate action or remedy; an emergency, ex- 
tremity, strait. Zo bring, drive, put, etc. to, to 
take (an) exigent. Obs. 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Ord. Fools 4 Bacus and Iuno hath set abroche 
a tonne, [And] Brouthe the[r] braynys vn-to exigente. a1 
Hye way to Spyttel Hous x011 in Hazl. EZ. P. P. 1V. 67 In 
theyr fury they be so vyolent, That they wyll bryng one to 
an exegent. 1577 Hotinsnep Chron. 11.3 The duke seeing 
himselfe to be driuen to such an exigent. 1580 Sipney Av- 
cadia Ww. (1622) 413 In steed of doing any thing as the exi- 
gent required, he began to makecircles. @1639 W. WHATE- 
Ley Prototypes 1. xvi. (1640) 162 God will have a well in store, 
and shew it us at the exigent. 1729 Suetvocke Artillery 
1v. 300 In such Exigents this Manipulus may be recurred 
to, 1755in Jonson, 1818 in Topp, 

b. Last pinch; end, extremity. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11.(1625)92 Here by degrees 
is passed to the last exigent. x59x SHaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, u. 
v. 9 These Eyes. .Waxe dimme, as drawing to their Exigent. 
1600 Dr, Dodypoll ww. iii, in Bullen O. PZ. III. 146, I feare 
my barbarous rudenesse to her Hath driven her to some 
desperate exigent. 163r Hrywoop Eng. Z/iz. (1641) 141 
What a dangerous exigent must she needs come to, whose 
life was thus assaulted? 

+2. 27. Needs, requirements. Ods. 

1609 Biste (Douay) 2 Esdras vii. 65 He is bountiful, be- 
cause he wil geve according to exigentes. 1641 Cuas. I in 
Rushw. His?, Col?. ut. (1692) I. 536 Most effectual and pro- 
per for the present exigents of the Kingdom. 1677 Have 
Contempl. 1. 11 Because it is not accommodate to all Uses 
‘and Exigents, . : 


411 


b. A required amount ; a needed quantity. 

1840 Browninc Sordedlo ut. 337 His enterprise Marked 
out anew, its exigent of wit Apportioned. 

Hence Erxigently adv., in an exigent manner. 

1889 W. Suarr in Academy 30 Nov. 3541 I..cannot but 
hope that he will not pursue too exigently his latest method. 

+ Evxigent, 5.2 Law. Ols. Also 5-6 exigend. 
[In 15th c. exegend, a. AY. exigende, ad. med.L. 
extgenda, gerundial pple. of exigére: see prec.] 
A writ commanding the sheriff to summon the 
defendant to appear and deliver up himself upon 
pain of outlawry; also called writ of exigent. 

(1292 Britton 1. ii. § 8 Et sile pleyntif face defaute a nuli 
Counté, adunc cessent les exigendes jekes a nostre venue en 
le pays.] 1464 Paston Lett. No. 491. II. 161 He hathtaken 
suerte that ye schall appere in the crastino animarum upon 
the exigents returnable. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 24 By 
reason of eny processe or exigend made within the same 
Countie. 1502-3 Plusmpton Corr. 173 On tewsday last was 
the court..and then was ther none exegent called agaynst 
you. c1g08 /did. 204 If I wold suffer the exigend, which 
I had agaynst you, not to goe out agaynst you. _ 1670 
VauGHuan Bushell’s Case in Phenix (1721) 1. 429 The Party 
came into Court and demanded Oyer of the Exigent. 1678 
Butter Hudibras 1. i. 1036 What Charms {must that 
Lady have], that can.. null Decree and Exigent. 1768 
BrackstonE Comm. III. 283 If a non est inventus is re- 
turned upon all of them, then a writ of exigent or exigt 
Jacias may be sued out. 1848 in WHarton Law Lex. 

b. Phrases: Clerk of the Exigents; to put in 
exigent; to sue to (an) exigent. 

@1577 Sir T. Smirn Commw. Eng. i. xiv. (1609) 61 The 
Clarke of the Exigent is to frame all manner of Processes 
of Exigt facias. 1628 Coxe On Litt, 114 a, Goods and chat- 
tels of those that be put in exigent. 1657 Burton's Diary 
(1828) II, 146 This Beavor, in Michaelmas term, had caused 
him to be sued to exigent. 1677 Loud. Gas. No. 1209/4 
Benjamin Hill, late Clerk of the Exigents. 16go in Picton 
L' pool. Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 300 John Hodgson ts sued toan 
Exgent by one John Brier. «in Trespasse. 

Evxigent (cksidgént), v. [f. Exicrnr 50.1 
and %.] trans. +a. To subject (a person or thing) 
to. b. To carry out a writ of exigent against. 

1656 S. H. Gold. Law 4 [They] forfeit their faith. .to their 
Lord, the Publike Welfare, by exigenting it to intolerable 
sufferings and dangers. 1837 PaLcrave Merch. § lriar iv. 
241 Were you by the Coroner in County Court duly exi- 
gented and proclaimed? 

+ Evxigenter. Zaw. Ods. Also 7 exigentor, 
-egenter. [a. AF. exigenter, f. exigente, exigende : 
see Exicent 50.2] An officer of the Court of 
Common Pleas who made out all exigents and 
proclamations in cases pertaining to outlawry. 
Also, in 18-19the., a similar officer of the Court 
of King’s Bench. 

[1432 Act 10 Hen. VI, c. 4 Null Filicer Exigenter ne autre 
Officer.) 1512 Act 4 Hen. VII/, c. 4 §1 The Felyssour or 
exigenter in whose offyce suche sute is taken. 1654 View 
Regulation of Chaucery 20 The Filacers and Exigentors. . 
in the Court of Common Pleas. 1672 E. CHAMBERLAYNE 
Angliae Notitia (ed. 6) 218 [In the Court of Common Pleas] 
‘There are also four Exigenters, whose Office is to make all 
Exigents and Proclamations in all Actions where Process 
of Outlawry doth lye. 1691 Woop 47h. O-ron. 1. 317 He 
.. had given to him the Exegenters Office of the Common 
Pleas. 1784 Town § Country Mag. 7 Jan. 56 Ackland, 
esq. deputy filazer and exigenter to the court of King’s 
bench. 1837 dct 7 Will. IV & 1 Vict. c. 30 sched. A, Offices 
abolished by this Act .. On the Plea Side of the Court of 
Queen’s Bench .. Filacer, Exigenter, and Clerk of the Out- 
lawries .. In the Court of Common Pleas .. Exigenter and 
Clerk of the Supersedeas. : ; 

|| Exigi facias (eksidgai fei‘fies), Zaw. [L. 
phrase, lit. ‘that you cause to be demanded’, f. 
exigére to demand, exact, and /facéve to make, 
cause.] = EXxIGENT sd.2 


1577 Sir T. Smitu Commw. Eng. u. xiv. (1609) 61 The 
Clarke of the Exigents is to frame all manner of Processes 


of Exigi facias. 1848 in WHarton Law Lex, 

Lge apc (e‘ksidzib’l), a. [as if ad. L. *exzgd- 
bilis, f. exigére: see Exact v. Cf. F, exigible.] 
That may be exacted; demandable, requirable, 
chargeable. Const. agaznst, from (a person). 

1610 W, Fotxincuam A7t of Survey ul. y. 72 This [ser- 
vice] is not now exigible. 1792 T. Tapeless Writ. (1859) 
III. 339 There is no part of our debt exigible at this time. 
1834 Zait’s Mag. 1. 543 They were all charged the full sum 
exigible on their rent. 1883 Lp. BLacksurn in Law Ref. 9 
App. Cases 65 Whether the duty on post-horses was exigible 
in respect of post-horses carrying an express, etc. 

Exiguity (cksigiviti). [ad. L. exigudtas, f. 
exiguus: see Exiauous.] The quality or condi- 
tion of being exiguous; scantiness in measure ; 
smallness in size or quantity, littleness. 

1623-6 in CockEeram, 1658 J. Rosinson Eudoxa 1, 116 
Senseis .. puzled at the exiguity of particular moats, 1 
Power £xp. Philos. 1. it Their exceeding exiguity ; for 
certainly of all ‘Animals they are the least. 1846 Blackw. 
Mag. LX, 589 Astonished at the exiguity of the A/ats placed 
before him, 1873 WuitNey Orient, Stud. 242 We are dis- 
appointed at the exiguity of the results. : 

concr, 1664 Power Exp, Philos. Pref. 8 The Insectile 
automata (those living exiguities), : 

Exiguous (egzigizas), a [f. L. ewigau-us 
scanty in measure or number (f, exigéve to weigh 
strictly: see Exact v.)+-ous.] Scanty in measure 
or number; extremely small, diminutive, minute. 

16st Biccs Mew Disp. P 141 Of great vertue, yet of an 
exiguous quantity, 1654 tr, Scudery’s Curia Pol. 39 If 
they have any being, it is so exiguous, that it is scarce 


EXILE. 


visible. a@1708 J. Pumirs Fadl of Chloe's Fordan 100 Pro- 
tected mice, The race exiguous.. Their mansions quit, 1858 
CartyLe Fredk. Gt.v. v, The soldier’s pay is in the highest 
degree exiguous ; not above three half-pence a day. 1882 
Pall MallG, 23 May 3 The judgment of the House of Lords 
on the exiguous point raised by the Bordesley appeal. 

Hence Exi'guousness = EXIGUITY. 

1730-6 Baitey (folio), Exiguousness, littleness, smallness. 
1775 in AsH. 1888 Sat, Kev. 22 Sept. 352/1, No. 1, though 
its apparent exiguousness might suggest a different conclu- 
sion, is a number of the highest importance. 

Exile (eksail, egzail), sd.1 Also 4 exil, 5-6 
exyl(e, exyll(e. [a. OF. exz/, refashioned form of 
esstl, state of banishment, also (cf. sense 2) devas- 
tation, destruction = Pr. ess¢/h, semi-popular ad. L. 
exsiliumstate of banishment, f. ex- out + sad-(=Skr. 
sar- to go), root of salive to leap (whence also 
exsul; see Exu); cf. constliam CounseL. In 
sense 2, OF, ess¢/ is a vbl. sb. f. esstller: see EXILE 
v. 4. (Formerly accented exz'/e.)] 

1. Enforced removal from one’s native land ac- 
cording to an edict or sentence ; penal expatriation 
or banishment; the state or condition of being 
penally banished ; enforced residence in some for- 
eign land. Phrases, + Zo go, put tu or to exile; to 
drive, go, send into exile. 

In Israelitish history sfec. the captivity of the Jews in the 
5th century B.c. 

@ 1300 Cursor A. 1154 (Cott.) Wit all pou sal bi halden vile, 
Quar-sa pou wendes in exile. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. 
(1810) 131 How alle his kynde exile was on pam laid. c 1374 
Cuaucer Boeth, 1. iii. 1o Whi art pou comen in to pis soli- 
tarie place of myn exil. c1qz253 Wyntoun Cron, vil. vill. 44 
Saynt ‘Thomas In Frawns, as in-til Exile, was. 1529 Ras- 
TELL Pastyme (1811) 41 He was put to exyle in to y® yle of 
Sardeyn, — 1592 Suaxs. Rowe. § Ful. v. iii. 211 Griefe of my 
Sonnes exile Rath stopt her breath. 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 
632 These puissant Legions, whose exile Hath emptied 
Heav’n. 170g Srrype Ann. Ref. I. xiii. 177 The first 
bishops .. newly returned out of their exiles, as Cox, Grin- 
dal [etc.]. 1732 Lepiarp Sethos II. x. 365 He had taken 
the advantage of his exile totravel. 1838 Lytton Zesda u. 
i, I accept them: provided, first, that thou obtainest the 
exile or death of Muza, 1845 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. 
Ref. 111. 35 Zapolya neglected no means by which he could, 
from his exile at Tarnow, keep Hungary in a state of agita- 
tion. 1868 E, Epwarps Raleigh I. xxi. 460 Exile was made 
the condition of his pardon. 

b. gen. Expatriation, prolonged absence from 
one’s native land, endured by compulsion of circum- 
stances or voluntarily undergone for any purpose. 

1393, GowrrR Conf. III. 187 To do profite to the comune 
He toke of exile the fortune. c 1400 Destr. Troy 724 Soche 
a maiden .. pat forsec hir fader & hir fre londe .. Auntrede 
hir to Exile euer for pi [Jason’s] sake. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 298 For thy exile and fleynge in to Egypte. 
1548 Hatt Chron. 242b, He so..greved his nobilitie. .that 
some of their voluntarie will, went into Exile. 1848 Ma- 
cautay Hist. Eng. 1. 519 After an exile of many years, 
Dudley North returned to England with a large fortune, 

ec. transf. and fig. 

¢1315 SHOREHAM 19 Godes flesche and eke hys blode.. 
frevereth ous in oure exil, 1340 HamroLe Pr, Consc. 1165 
Pe world es na thyng elles Bot en hard exil, in qwilk men 
duelles, 1340 Ayenb. 131 Huan he. .y-zi3p pise wordle bet ne 
is bote an exil and a dezert uol of lyons. c1450 Castle Hd. 
Life St. Cuthd, (Surtees) 7994 Pe same bischope .. Fra his 
kirke was putt in exile. 1547 dct 37 Hen. V/I/, c. 2 The 
couersion therof [Hounsloo Heathe] into tillage .. by 
mennes labour. .shall be an exile of idlenesse in those par- 
ties. 1592 SHAks. Rom. § Ful. mu. iii, 20 Banished is 
banisht from the world, And worlds exile is death, 1606 
Syivester Du Bartas u. iii. Vocation, All our life and Age 
Is but an exile and a Pilgrimage. 1878 B. TayLor Deu- 
kalion 1, i. 20 And out of its exile The passion return, 

d. attrib. 

1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God I. viii. 202 Thou Deigned 
to Come down.. to dwell with Me in this Exile-World, 
Ibid. 1. ix. 207 Man, a Pilgrim upon Earth .. should sanc- 
tify his Exile-state, by these Trials, 2 

+2. Waste or devastation of property; ruin, 
utter impoverishment. Zo putin exile [OF. metre 
aessil]: to ravage (a country), ruin (a person). Ods. 

[1267 Act 52 Hen. [11, c. 23 Item firmarii tempore firma- 
rum suarum vastum, vendicionem, seu exilium non faciant, 
in domibus, boscis, hominibus, neque, &c.]  ¢ 1386 CHaucer 
Melib, » 869, 1. .purpose me. .to putte hem in exil for ever- 
more. ¢1450 LoneLicu Graid liii. 96 3if oure rem with- 
owten kyng be ony while, It myhte sone thanne fallen into 
exylle. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour Evjb, He began 
werre to his neyghbours ..in so much that the reame was 
put inexyl. 1490 — Zveydos xxii. (1890) 81 Her cyte and 
landes of Cartage are all dystroied and tourned in exyll. 
1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Fohn 74a, The temple was 
. .repayred after the exile that was made at Hierusalem by 
the Persians. 1618 Putton Stat, 52 Hen. J//,c. 23 Fermors, 
during their termes, shall not make wast, sale, nor exile 
of House, Woods, and Men.. without speciall licence, [So 
1700 in J, Tyrrell Hist. Zug. 11. 1114.] 

Exile (eksoil), 53,2 [Of obscure formation ; 
perh, merely a concrete use of EXILE sb x (cf. 
OF, and ME. grison = prisoner) ; the development 
of sense may have been produced by direct asso- 
ciation with L. exsu/. It may however be f. 
Exitz v.] : 

1. A banished person; one compelled to reside 
away from his native land. ; 

¢ 1330 Arth. § Merl. (Kélbing) 8922 To lese his londes & 
ben exil.. c 1480 Castle Hd, Life St, Cuthb, (Surtees) 
5308 Of pair bischop, pat lange whyle had bene fra his 
kirk exile, 1588 Suaks. 774, A. ut i. 285 Get from my 

-2 


EXILE. 


sight, Thou art an Exile, and thou must not stay. 1622 
Brace /sa. li. 14 bangs “oH exile hasteneth that he may be 
loosed. 1697 Drypen Vi: 
Exiles ever mourn, Nor of row! 
turn? 1759 Roserrson Hist. Scot. I, u. 85 This unhappy 
exile..was destined to be the father of a race of kings. 
1824 W. Irvine 7, Trav. Il. 105 Had been found guilty of 
the crime of patriotism, and was. .an exile from his country. 
1874 Green Short Hist. vii. 399 Thousands of Flemish 
exiles found a refuge in the Cinque Ports. R 
attrib. and Comb. x90 Norman § Bertha 1. 2 Thither 
froward fate pursued this amiable exile pair. 1856 Grote 
Greece u1. xcv. XII. 439 The officers of Antipater, called in 
the language of the time exile-hunters, were .. on the look- 
ibed men. 1888 Century Mag. May 


out to seize these proscri y NV 

A careful study of the exile system [of Russia.) /d7d. 4 

Officers of the Exile Administration. 
b. transf. and fig. 

by wine Des. Vill. 365 The poor exiles. .Hung round 
the bowers, and fondly looked their last. 1820 W. Irvin 
ee * L sy an — — the paternal roof. ° 

EALE mins for Sick 5} e in us, r exiles 
yet, ieaplant. 1852 Earr Gold. ool. A astral 300 The 
convict system ceased in New South Wales in 1830; but 
‘exiles’ as they were termed, 7.e. men who had 
their probation at home, were forwarded till 1843. 

2. attrib. in Exile-tree, Exile-oil-plant, a name 
applied in India to the 7hevetia neriifolia (N.O. 
Apocynacez), a plant introduced into that country 
from the West-Indies or tropical America. 

It has large saffron-coloured flowers, and the bark is used 
in medicine as an antiperiodic. 

1865 Madras Quart. Frnl. Med. Science VIII. 195, I met 
with a large solitary tree. .and from its situation, it occurred 
to me .. that the popular English name of ‘ Exile’ seemed 
very appropriate. 
138 A West Indian shrub, domesticated in India, and culti- 
vated under the name of 7he Exile or Yellow Oleander. 
1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Exile-tree. 1884 Miter Plant-n. s.v. 
Oil-plant, Exile. Ibid. s. v. Thevetia, Exile-oil-plant. 

Exile (e'ksail, e-gzail), @. Ods.orarch. [ad. L, 
exilis thin, lank. Cf. F. exz/e (Cotgr.). 

The ultimate etymology is disputed; some regard it as 
contracted from *exigilis, f. exigére (cf. Exicuous; others 
as f, ex- privative +i/éa entrails, the primary sense being 
assumed to have been ‘disembowelled a ee 

1. Slender, shrunken, thin; diminutive. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Hush. x1. 387 Ache seede..Wherof the 
flaume hath lefte a core exile. 1611 Cortcr. s. v. Champ, 
Excellent spirits are often lodged in exile, or small, bodies. 
1671 Ftamsteep in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 124, 
I saw the Anses of Saturn very exile. 1687 H. More Aff. 


many subtile, exile, invisible particles. ; 
2. Attenuated, thin. Of theories: Fine-spun. 


1868 Warinc Pharmacopeia of India | 


t6r0 W. ForkincHam Art of Survey 1. viii. 18 That | 


ground which .. breathes .. forth exile and fumie vapours 
quickly vanishing. .is..plyant for the plowe. 
in the Air. /did. § 155 His Voice 
sharp and exile, like the Voice of Puppets. 
Song of Soul. Pref., These exile Theories. 19797 Hist. in 
Aun. Reg.178/1 It is not..the paper that is, in fact, the sub- 
stitute for money but something still more exile; the 
promise. .stamped upon it. ; 
+b. Grk. Gram. Unaspirated. Obs. 

1671 H. M. tr. Zrasm. Collog. 202 If ov be acuted and 
exile, etc. 

3. Meagre, scanty; ‘lean’, poorly endowed. 
Also of soils: Poor, barren. 

¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. x1. 30 In lande ther ayer is hoot 
and drie, And erthe exile or “4 drie or lene, Vynes beth 
best ysette. 1§25 Wotsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. gg IL. 18 
The Suppression of certain exile and small Monasteries. 
1535 Cranmer in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. xxvi. 189 Their 
benefices were so exile .. that no learned man would take 
them. W. Attey Poor Man's Libr. 1. Ded. A iij, 
The little talent of my exile and sclender learnyng. i 
Futter Comm. Ruth (1868) 123 Is it not a petty, a small, 
exilecourtesy. 1685 H. More Paralip. Proph. 451 A more 
magnificent expression of what is, Chap. II, said in more 
exile phrase. 1863 J. R. WaLsRAN Mem. Fountains Ab. 
(Surtees) I. 50 The convent was in the most exile condition. 

uasi-adv. 

1654 ayton Pleas. Notes. iii. 8 The ingeniousest Wits 

in the world have been such who feed exilest, or most 
slenderly, ; ; 
Exile (eksail, e’gzail), v. Forms: 4-6 exil(l, 
excile, 4 exile-n, 5 exyl(e, 4-exile. [ad. OF. ex- 
tlier (12th c.), learned form of essillier, essetllier, 
etc.:—late L. exilidre, f. ex(s)ilium Exi.x sé.! 
In OF. the vb. has chiefly the sense to ravage, 
devastate (cf. sense 4 below); for the development 
of meaning cf. exterminate. (Formerly accented 
exile; so always in Shaks. and Milton.) 

1. trans. To compel (a person) by a decree or 
enactment to leave his country; to banish, ex- 
patriate: a, with from, + out of; also + into, to. 

a 1330 Roland § V. 30 Pe ki im Out of lond exiled 
him, 1393 Gower Con/. II. 156 Afterwarde into an ile This 
Jupiter him didde exile. ¢ 1450 Merdin x. 145 [They should] 
go vpon the kynge Arthur .. and so exile = fro all the 
contree, 1493 Kestival/ (W. de W. oe 5) 73 The 
exyled Iohan..into the yle of Pathmose.  Snans. 
Rom. § Ful. u. i. 192 For that offence, Immediately we 
doe exile him hence, 1664 H. More Myst. nig. xi. 35 
Whom assuredly they could not think exiled from 
Heaven. 1756~7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) 111. 242 Ra- 
venna .. very kiridly received Dante, when he was exiled 
from Florence. 

b. with double obj. (Cf. BANtsn.) 

1570-6 Lamparve 7% . Kent (1862) 179 Godwine..and 

his Sonnes were exiled the Realme. 1606 Eart Nortu- 


1626 Bacon | 
Sylva §75 Meanes..to draw forth the Exile heat which is | 
lainly..made extreame | 
1647 H. More | 


412 


in True & Perfect Relat. ¥.¢ iija, For Conspiracy 
pyar ed exiled the ~ + 1608 J. Kine 
Serm. 24 Mar. 3 He.. was exiled world. 1812 S. 


wyn. 1393 
‘ th the sone exile. 
Troy 13070 Orestes..shuld render his londes, 


Sum part off tham..That Makfadjan had exilde furth be- 
forne. a1471 Chron. Rich. IT, etc. ae 1856) 13 The 
kyng [Rich. II]..exilid the duke of terme 
x. yeer. 1879 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 186 Thou takest it 
heavily that thou shouldest be. .exiled without cause. 1607 
Drypven 4neid 1,3 The man..who forc'd by fate. . Ex 
and exil’d. 1840 Mrs. Browninc Drama of Exile Poems 
1850 I. 91 Hear us sing above you ‘ Exiled is not lost’. 
+d. zntr. To be in exile ;=L. exsudare. rare. 
at Cursor M. 2582 (Cott.) A uoice..said..In egipte 
ond bls sede exile In tharldon four hundret 3ere. ps 
Sytvester Du Bartas (1621) 1041 The more the Body dures, 
jorge indures; Never too soon can Shee from thence 
exil 

2. transf. and fig. To banish or separate from 
(one’s home, a pleasant or endeared place or asso- 
ciation). Const. as in I a, b, c. 

3340, — = a 2974 Pe saules here. . Er exild fra 

is lyf til payn, With-outen any turnyng aga’ 1 
si In Prays of Woman, Exylit he oa oof alt gud 
company. 1§26 Tinpate Acts iil. 23 Every soule which 
await sich heare that same prophet shal be exyled [ed. 1534 
destroyed; so in Wycuir (1382-8), Biste (1611), etc.) from 
the people. 1578 Gude § God?. Ball. 118 That will [free 
will] he presence hes me exilit. 1590 SHaxs. A/ids. N. 1. 
ii. 386 They wilfully themselves exile from light. x60r B. 
Joxson Poetaster iv. vii, Exiled the circle of the court. 1749 
G. West tr. Pindar, 1st Pythian Ode (R.), Exil’d from 
Praise, from Virtue, and the Muse. 1781 Cowrer Charity 
243, lam free; At my best home, if not exiled from thee. 18: 
Jane Austen Watsons xxvi, You are fitted for society an 
it is shameful you should be exiled from it. 1856 Emerson 
Eng. Traits, Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) 11.80 The French live 
at court, and exile themselves to their estates for economy. 

+3. To banish, expel, get rid of. Ods. 

1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. I1. 385 Pis oonhede pat Crist 
made is wel ny3e excilid. 1393 Gower Conf. 1. 13 Pe pesti- 
lence, Which tap exiled pacience Fro pe clergie in special. 
¢ 1430 Lyvc. Compl, Bl. Kut. \xxiii, For to exile Trouthe 
--Out of her Court. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour Qiv, Her 
lord exyled and put her fro hym. _c 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. 


: wows L | ist. d . 27 Gildas .. exili Il fabl t er: 
Antid. (1712) 225 This actual division of the whole into so | idk hearer ea et og rap pea 


nestlie embraceth truth. 1563-87 Foxe A. & AZ, (1684) I11. 
431 None, that had not clean exiled all humanity. 1593 
Suaxs. 2 Hen. VI, u1. i. 46 Equitie [is] exil’d your High- 
nesse Land. a@x1649 Drumm. or HawtH. Poems Wks. 
27 That place ..Where black-brow’d night doth not exile 
the day. 1700 Drypen Fables, Cymon & /phig. 218 His 
brutal manners from his breast exiled. 5 

+II. 4. To devastate, ravage, bring to ruin. 
Obs. Cf. EXILE 56.1 3. 

1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode |. xv. (1869) 12 pilke bat wolen 
aille he hous of grace dieu and dispoile it of hire goodes. 
a 1470 TiptorT Cesar xiii. (1530) 18 Hys —_— so robbed, 

ylled & exyled [vastatis]. 1481 Caxton Myrr, 1. vi. 32 
Vt ne were theyre .. good porn: .Cristente shold 
exyled by errour and euyl byleue. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 
I. xxvi. 38 He wasted..all the playn countrey of Scotland, 
and exiled diuerse townes. a 1533 — //uon clxii. 633 They 
exyle your countre, they sle men, women and chyldren. 

Exiled ! (eksaild), A/a. [f. ExiLe v. + -Ep1.] 
In various senses of the verb. 

1375 Lay Folks Mass-bk. (MS. B.) 379 Hom pat are in 
ille lyue. .seke or prisonde.. pore, exilde, deserit. c 1430 tr. 
T. &@ Kempis’ Imit. 12 | erage sones of Eue weilen. 
c1g00 Melusine 112, 1..forbede you that ye byleue not the 
Counseill of none exilled and flemed fro his land. 1605 Suaxks. 
Macb, v. viii. 66 Our exil’d Friends. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. 


| Biondi’s Eromena 108 The sicke woman. .recovered together 


with her strength, her before exiled beauty, 1718 Rowe tr. 

Lucan \. 505 To thee, behold, an Exil’'d Band we come. 1794 

Soutuey Sot. Bay Eclog.1, Still wilt thou. . present The fie 

of England to my exiled eyes. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. 

298 The exiled Greek scholars were welcomed in Italy. 
absol. 1839 E. D. Clarke 7rav. vi. 24/2 Tobolski, from 

the number. .of the exiled, is become a..populous city. 

[Exiled 2: see List of Spurious Words] 

Exilement (eksailmént), Also 7 exilment, 
vare in mod, use, [f. as prec, +MENT.] The action 
of exiling; the state or fact of being exiled; 
banishment, exile. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 117 The godlye fathers in the: 
exilement wandering in forren contreis. 1651 Gataker Life 
Bale in Fuller's Abel Rediv. An inseparable .. com- 

nion .. with him in all his troubles and exilments. ye 

BAL Hist. Purit. 1V.233 He (Charles I1} abjured the 
testant religion soon after the exilement of the —_ family. 
1803 W. Taytor in Aun. Rev. 1. 435 Their exilements.. 
have increased the number of foreign scholars among them. 

Exilent, obs. form of EXCELLENT. 

+ Exiler. Ods. [f. as prec.+-ER1,] One who, 
or that which, exiles (in senses of vb.). Also fig. 

1382 Wycur Fudith viii. 25 Thei.. that t 

eden not with the of God.. ben 


. Boro 
Occasus Occid, 25, 1 find that sin notorious! eas 24 asan 
Exiler, not only of Persons, but of whole Churches. 
Exilian (ege-, eksi‘lian), a. [f. L. ex(s)ili-um 
(see Exe 5d.!) +-an.] = next. 
3882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 111. 2106 Well- 
h "considers the d account as..of exilian or 


-. it be I : or an exilic 
1890 G. A. Smitu /saiak II. p. xvii, 
referred to the book of 


and i 
lience. Ods. f. EXILIENT: see 
-ENCE.] Thestate of being ‘exilient’; exultation, 
rapture; also fig. 
1623 Hotypay Sevm. (1626) 1 His iust exilience is so 
.. 1655 tr. Hrancion xi. 15 This News did so ravish 
with an exilience of joy. a 1 Ken Anodynes Poet. 
Wks. pes TTD, fg oa . my full Exilience hit. — Pre- 
ee ibid. IV. 126 Hea about Perfume will .. raise 
xilience. 


+ Exi'liency. Ods. [f. Exiient: see -Ency.] 
= prec. Also concr. an outburst, outcome. 
Br, Reynoips Passions xi. 100 In embracings, kisses, 


in the exiliency and of the spirits in the 
of the heart. a1662 Heviww Laud u. 294 Which.. to 
be rather attributed to some exili humane 


+ Exi‘lient, a. O’s. Also 7 exh-. [ad. at 


(s)ilientem, pr. pple. of ex(s)zlire to spring out 
or forth, f. ‘ex- out + salire to spring.] That leaps 
forth or springs up; exulting, bounding ; active, 
al 


Addr. to Yung. Gentry Eng.77 He might have the 
high tasing-aies exhilient joy enlarging their channels. 
ax711 Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 1. 478 Th’ exilient 
Strings. .leap up into Chords. — Edmund ibid. 11. 20 God's 
Will .. you all live exilient to fulfil. — Hymnotheo ibid. 
III. 84 The Saints exilient Dust from Tombs uncas'd, Shall 
into Limbs be mutually embrac’d. 

+ Exilila, O/s. Also 6 exeleres, exilya, ex- 
ulila. 

1526 Will Ric. Hanchett (Somerset Ho.), A pair of beades 
of exilila gauded with silver. 1528 A/S. List of Jewelry 
(Pub, Rec. Office), A pair of bedys of exulila, with the v 
woundes. 1537 Will C’tess Oxford (Somerset Ho.), Exe- 
pred as 1538 Will Paxforde (Somerset Ho.), Bedes 

exilya. 


Exiling i (eksailin), v/. sb. [f. Exe v. + 
-InG1.] action of the vb. ExILz; an instance 
of the same; the state of being exiled, banish- 
ment, exile. Now only dial. 

¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. iil. 11 Yif pou hast not knowen 
be exi ynge of anaxogore. 1380 Antecrist in Todd g 
Treat. Wyclif 116 Whenne cristen men weren compellid bi 
exilyngis, betyngis & debis to make sacrifice to ydols. 1387 
Trevisa /igden (Rolls) 11. 343 Cadmus chees his exilynge 
- — 1 - — ee R. m9 XXvV. (1495) 

e e came oute of exi! ¢€ YDG. 
ies {He} Humble of his cheare a hiv exilin 1516 
pd mea 46 St. Birgette in aor our Ladye p.\v, In the 
exilynge of a certeyn man I was © rygorouse. 
1635 Seams Soul's Conft. (1638) 3 His exiling from Gods 

ouse. . 

+ Exilittion. Ods. [f. L. ex(s)ili-re (see Ext- 
LIENT) + -TION.] A leaping or springing up or 
forth. 

“ Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u,v. 88 Sulphur and 
small-coale mixed will not take fire with noise, or exilition. 
1656-81 in Biount Glossogr, 1711 J. GreENwoop Zng. 
Gram. 194 This ing..is used..to denote a single but not 
manifold exilition or leaping up. 1755 in Jounson. 

Exility (eksi'liti). [ad. L. exilitat-em, n. of 
quality f. exi/is EXILe a. 

1. Shrunken or attenuated condition, smallness in 
number or size; thinness, slenderness, meagreness, 

age Se, Papers Hen. VIIT, U1. 130 The Kingis revenues 
be ght to suche exilitie, that they suffice nat to ordi- 
ve Tha place wont, cial Gcnghan wan ante eee 

e wherin was verie 

therfore commodius to the exilitee of the Romains. 
Prynne Anti. 270 The exilitie and smalenesse of his learn- 
ing. 1750 G. Hucues Barbadoes 41 
are exceedin; long in respect to their great exility and thin 
ness. ans je P., Cowley Il. 24 Subtlet 
.-in its original 

Forsytu 


apparen' exilii 
oan piller, 1819 i. Busk Vestriad ww. A His exility 
of snout, 1847 in Craic, 

+b. Smallness or slenderness of income or 


revenue ; eeomneeny poverty. Oés. 

1559 Apr. Parker, etc. in Parker's Ci . (1853) 100 In 
consideration of the a Grin- 
pat Let. to Abp. Parker (2843) 252 If by exility or 
decay + any arrearages 1651 Fuller's Abel 
Rediv,, Andrewes (1867) 11. 161 His pon f . (because of 
the exility of that ) soon after the 

“ye 1774 Hurcnins Hist. Dorset 1. 63 
sets 


forth the exility of the two churches 
owl were not sufficient to maintain a priest each, 

2. Of a sound, spirit, a woven substance, etc. : 
Tenuity, thinness, gee Hence of imma- 
terial things: Refinement, su 
wit Yoroe, Gedes Ra The Velen x other Soule 

uced, by such 


red’ to a great Weakness or 4 
1647 H. More Song of Sond it. xx 

exility. 1751 Harris Herwies ui. iv. Wks. (1841) 

232 Bodies so ex: their e 

ible of sensation. 1802 Paey xxi. 

§ 4 (1819) 334 This extreme exility [of light] difficult 

to va bb enay $0 peoee: 1802 Ann, Reg.11 The Act of 

Faith..is expressed..on the thinnest paper, the exility of 


EXIMIETY. 


which [etc.]. 1842 D’Israrit Ammen, Lit. (1859) 1.286 {They} 
could not appreciate such exility of elegance, and such sub- 
limated refinement. 1866 J. Martineau £ss, I. 144 The 
extreme exility of the evidence. 
b. concr. A refinement, subtlety. 
1647 H. More Poems 111 The soul .. contemns as nought 
unseen exilities. 


+ Eximiety. Ods-° [ad. late L. eximietat- 
em, f, eximius: see Exmious.] Excellency. 

1656-81 in BLount Glossogr. 1692 in CoLEes. 1730-6 in 
Barey (folio). 1775 Asn, Lximity, 

Eximious (egzi-miss), a Now vare. [f. L. 
eximi-us excepted, select, choice (f. eximére: see 
Exempt v,) + -0US.] 

Common in 17thc. literature: the few examples in 19th c. 
are humorously bombastic or pedantic. 

Excellent, distinguished, eminent. 

1547 Boorpe Brev. Health ccxxxvi, Kynges, and kynges 
sones, and other noble men hath ben eximious Phisicions. 
1619 W. Scrater Expos. 1 Thess, (1630) 236 Things .. exi- 
mious and eminent in loue aboue many other Graces. 
1657 Tomuinson Reno's Disp. 502 This syrupe is eximious 
against many affections. 1678 Cupwortn /nZedl. Syst.1.v. 

Our Saviour Christ, was unquestionably, that One Ex- 
imious Prophet, which God..promised to send. 1681 GLan- 
vit Sadducismus 1. 187 There is in this Relation an ex- 
imious example of the Magical venome of Witches. 1710 
R, Warp Life H. More 22 This Eximious Person. 1829 
T. L, Peacock Misfort. Elphin. 103 All [were] the most 
eximious and transcendent persons of the earth. 1865 Car- 
tye Fredk. Gt. xu. ii, Oh ye wigs, and eximious wig- 
blocks, called right-honourable. 1868 Browninc Ring § 
Bk. 1x. 109 The picture be for our eximious Rome. 

Hence + Exi-miously, in an ‘ eximious’ manner; 
excellently, notably, singularly, + Exi-mious- 
ness, the quality of being ‘eximious’. 

1650 W. Scrater (Jun.) in W. Sclater’s Exp. Rom. iv. 
Ep. Ded., It being so eximiously beautified. 1657 Tom- 
tinson Renon’s Disp. 505 It is most eximiously medicinal. 
1681 H. More Z.xf. Dan. ii. 42 Is not this part of the 
Prophecy also eximiously fulfilled? 1730-6 Baitey (folio), 
Eximiousness, Hence 1775 Asu, Eximiousness. 

+ Exinanite, v. Ods. [f. L. exinanit- ppl. 
stem of exindnire to make empty, f. ex- (see EXx- 
pref) + inanis empty.) 

1. trans. To make void or of none effect ; to de- 
prive of force, virtue, etc. 

c1sss Harrsrietp Divorce Hen. VITI (Camden) 216 
It doth utterly frustrate, exinanyte and annul the.. 
validity of the said brief. 1646 Evance Noble Ord. 10 
Sinne will (€fov@evetv) Exininate honour. 1661 BRAMHALL 
Fust. Vind. vi. 151 The coming .. of the Popes infamous 
messenger..by which oathes. .rights, priviledges, were not 
only weakned, but exinanited. 

2. To reduce (a person) to emptiness ; to empty 
(of dignity, power, etc.) ; to abase, humble ; chiefly 
vefl., said of Christ with reference to Phz7. ii. 7. 

arg Pst. Luther's Comm. Ps. Grad. cxxv. 1 Gods power 
taketh no place in vs vntill we be vtterly.. exinanited. 
1582 N. T.(Rhem.) PAil. ii. 7 He exinanited him self [x6rx 
made himselfe of no reputation], taking the forme of a ser- 
vant. 1624 GaATAKER Tvansubst. 195 They thinke hee., 
was not throughly enough exinanited..here on Earth, 

+ Exinani'tiate, v. Ods. rare. trans. = prec. 

1698 Christ Exalted § 61. 48 For the Sin it self they 
utterly deny it, though by it they evacuate or exinanitiate 
many Texts of aa ea Ibid. § 67. 53 He wholly evacuates 
and exinanitiates the Gospel. 

Exinanition (eksi:nani‘fen). Also 8 exhin- 
anition. Now rare, [ad. L. exindnition-em, n. 
of action f. exindnire: see EXINANITE.] 

1. The action or process of emptying or exhaust- 
ing, whether in a material or immaterial sense ; 
emptied or exhausted condition, 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne m1. viii. (1632) 522 It [learning] doth 
.. purifie .. and subtilize them [minds] even unto exinani- 
tion or evacuation. @ 1631 Donne Zss. (1651) 118 Replenish- 
ing the World after that great Exinanition by the generall 
Deluge. 1633 Ear: Mancu. AZ Mondo (1636) 201 Some 
..cared not to afford common assistance to nature, and so 
have dyed through exinanition and want of strength. 
Jer. TayLor Gt. Exemp.1. 6 A life whose stories tell of.. 
fastings to the exinanition of spirits. 1720 Gisson Diet. 
Horses v. (ed. 3) 81 Whether the signs be Repletion and 
fulness, or Exhinanition and Lowness of his Flesh, 1819 
Corerince in Atheneum 7 Jan. 1888, 17/3 Dante. .asks for 
an evacuation and exinanition of Marsyas, that so he [Dante] 
might become a mere vessel.. of the Deity. 1862 A. H. 
Cuoucn in Macm. Mag. Aug. 323 Life at very birth de- 
stroyed, cgi woe exinanition ! 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Ex- 
inanition, a thorough and complete emptying. 

2. The action or process of emptying of pride, 
self-will, or dignity; abasement, humiliation ; an 
instance of this ; also, a state of humiliation. 

1627 Donne Ser. v. 45 This exinanition of ourselves is 
acceptable in the sight of God, 1649 Jer. TayLor Gt. 
Exemp. 1. xv. 129 He was to take upon him all the 
affronts, miseries and exinanitions of the most miserable. 
1652 Bentowes Theofh. w. lviii, I'l press still Th’ Exina- 
nition of my o’regrown will, x H. More in Norris 
Theory Love (1688) 187 The scope they aym at. .is a perfect 
exinanition of ourselves, that we may be filled with the 
sense of God, . ; 

b. esp. of Christ ; with reference to PAz/. ii. 8. 

a161z Donne Braavaros (1644) 188 Christ said this now, 
because his Passion was begun ; for all his conversations 

here were degrees of exinanition, 1659 Pearson Creed I. 
200 His exinanition consisted in .. the assumption of the 
form of a servant. 1855 W. H. Mitt Applic. Panth, Princ. 
(1861) 26 The death of the God-man is beg | the throwin 


off of his exinanition or humiliation, 1882-3 Scuarr Zncycd. 


413 


Relig. Knowl. 1. 463 [The Kenotic theory] teaches a tem- 
porary self-exinanition. .of the pre-existent Logos, 4 

Exindusiate (eksindiz'si,et), a. Bot. [f. Ex- 
prof + L. indiisi-um (see INDUSIUM) + -ATE?.] 
* Not having an indusium’ ( 77veas. Bot, 1866). 

Evxine. rare. [f. L. ex- out + -INE.] = Extine. 

1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Exine, Fritzche’s name for the Z2- 
Aymenine, or outer layer of a pollen grain. 

+ Exinfluence, v. Oés. vare—. [f. Ex- pref 
+ INFLUENCE sb.] ¢vans. To deprive of influence. 

1667 WatERHousE Five Lond. 59 These repulsives shall 
be exinfluenced, and their vigour. .be abated. 

Exi‘nguinal (cksingwinal), a. and sb. Zntom. 
[f. Ex- PrefA+L. inguin-, inguen groin +-AL.] 

A. adj, Situated outside the groin. B. sé. 
‘The second segment or trochanter of the limbs 
of the Arachnida’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Exintine (cksi‘ntin, -tain). [f. L. ex- (see Ex- 
pref.) + int-us within+-InE1.] ‘’The membrane 
of the pollen grain which lies between the Exteve 
and the /ntine’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

1852 in BraNDE (Supplement). 1866 in 7yeas. Bot. 

+ Ex-intricate, v. Ols. rare—. [f. Ex- 
pref 2+ L. intricat- ppl. stem of zxtricare to 
entangle: see InrTRICATE v.]  ¢vazs. To disen- 
tangle, extricate. Const. from. (In quot. vef.) 

1661 Fettuam Resolves 1. 1x, A disadvantage, from which 
he hath no way to ex-intricate himself, but by the dex- 
trousness of his ingenuity, 

Exion. Blunder of Mrs. Quickly for ‘action’. 

1s97 SHaks. 2 Hen. JV, u. i. 32, 1 pra’ ye, since my 
Exion is enter’d. .let him be brought in to his answer. 

+ Exipo'tic, a. Zed. Obs, [ad. Gr. egimwrix-ds 
fit for squeezing out, purgative, f, ééTmdev to squeeze 
out, f. €€ out +tdev to press down.] (See quots.) 

1823 Crass Jechnol. Dict., Exipoticos ..an epithet for 
digesting or detersive medicines.] 1860 Mayne E-xifoticos, 
Exipoticus, Pharm., Formerly applied to, medicines .. es- 
teemed digestive, detergent; exipotic. 1884in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

Exist (egzi'st), v. [ad. Fr. exdst-er, ad. L. 
ex(s)istéve to stand out, be perceptible, hence to 
exist, f. ex- out + sistére reduplicated form of séd- 
to stand. (The late appearance of the word is 
remarkable: it is not in Cooper’s Lat.-Eng. Dict. 
1565, cither under ex?sto or e.xto.)] 

1. To have place in the domain of reality, have 
objective being. 

1605 Suaxs. Lear i, i. 114 The orbs From whom we do 
exist. @1716 SoutH Serm. (1737) I. ii. 45 To conceive the 
world ..to have existed from eternity. 1793 BLACKSTONE 
Comm. (ed. 12) 593 Corporations which exist by force of the 
common law. 1797 Gopwin Enquirer 1. vi. 41 The Roman 
historians are the best that ever existed, 1846 Mitt Logic 
1. iii. §6 The man called father might still exist though 
there were no child. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 14 The 
conception of justice towards heretics did not exist (in un- 
scientific ages). : x : 

2. To have being in a specified place or under 
specified conditions. With advb. phrase or as ; for- 
merly with simple complement. Of relations, 
circumstances, etc.: To subsist, be found, occur. 

1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. i, Most things that 
morally adhere to soules, Wholly exist in drunke opinion. 
1704 Locke (J.), That combination does not always exist 
together in nature. 1786 H. Tooke Purley (1860) 201 A 
quality which .. would make me rather chuse ., to exist a 
mastiff or a mule. 1807 CrapBe Par, Reg. 1. 609 But 
though no weed exists his garden round, 1823 H. J. Brooke 
Introd, Crystallogr. 165 The character of the modifying 

lanes .. may .. be considered to exist in all the prisms be- 

longing to this class. 1833 N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) 11.1. 
122 Which substances .. usually exist as airs. 1860 Tyn- 
DALL Glac. 1. xv. 102 A space of a foot existed between ice 
and water, ; , } ‘ 

3. To have life or animation ; to live. 

1828 Scorr F. MW. Perth xxxii, The Prince of Scotland 
was not to be murdered. .he was only to cease to exist, 

4. To continue in being, maintain an existence, 

1790 Burns Let. to P. Hill 2 Mar., We are under a 
cursed necessity of studying selfishness, in order that we 
may exist. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) III. 359 That govern- 
ment is strong indeed which can exist under contempt. 
1797 Mrs. RavcuirFe /talian Prol., How does he contrive 
to exist here? — 

Existability : see Ex1sTrBiniry. 

Existence (egzi'sténs). Also 6 Sc. existens. 
[a. OF, existence, ad. med.L. existentia, n. of state 
f. ex(s)tstent-em (see ExisteNT), pr. pple. of ex- 
(s)éstéve: see Exist and -xNncE.] The state of 
being existent. 

+1. Actuality, reality. Ods. 

(Opposed to apfarence; the Fr, words often so occur in 
the Roman de la Rose.) 

¢ 1384 Cuaucer H. Fame 1. 266 Allas what harme dothe 
Apparence Whan hit is fals in existence. ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 
5552 To se Hym that is freend in existence From hym that 
is by apparence. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy. v, A deceyte 
is couertly yment..As it were sothe in very existence. 

2. Being; the fact or state of existing ; ‘ actual 
possession of being’ (J.). 7 existence : as predi- 
cate = ‘ extant’. 

€1430 Lyne. Pol. Rel. & L. Poents (1866) 45 Thyng coun- 
terfetyd hath non existence. 1432-50 tr. Hzgden (Rolls) I. 
267 The coloures of faces, quantites of bodies, qualites of 
sawles, haue theire existence in man after the diuersite of 
heuyn, 1882 Asp. Hamicton Catech, (1884) 38 God-allone 


EXISTENT, 


is be himself; of his awin natural existens. 1665 GLANVILL 
Sceps. Sci. 20 Matter is not necessary to the Scul’s exist- 
ence. 1725 Watts Logic ut. ii. §8 An Argument taken 
from the Nature or Existence of Things. 1768-74 Tucker 
Lt, Nat. (1852) Il. 462 Existence belongs solely to sub- 
stances, and essence solely to qualities. 1816 J. Smit 
Panorama Sc. §& Art 1. 585 The earth was the most _con- 
sequential aggregate of matter in existence. 1818 Jas Mitt 
Brit. India III. 1. ix. 298 It created some evils of the 
greatest magnitude which previously had no existence. 
1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. Ing. I. ii. 56 These facts suffi- 
ciently proved the existence of some actual disease. 1871 
ALABASTER Wheel of Law p. xxxvii, Buddhists .. see more 
reason to lament existence than to be grateful for it. 
b. Continued being; continuance in being. 

1736 Butter Axad.1.i. Wks. 1874 I. 17 We know not at 
all upon what the existence of our living powers depends. 
1811 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disf. VIII. 274 People who 
absolutely depend for their existence upon the continuance 
of His Royal Highness’ protection. 1874 Green Short 
Hist. viii. 492 The colony was now firmly established and 
the struggle for mere existence was over. | 

e. Continuance of being as a living creature; 
life. (Sometimes in disparaging sense: ‘a mere 
existence not worthy the name of life’.) 

1634 Sir T, Hersert 7vav. 169 Their famous AEscala- 
pius, seeing no more money, limited my life to five dayes 
more existence. 1825 Lanpor in Four C. Eng. Lett. 441, 
I shall remember his [friendship] to the last hour of my 
existence. 1838 De Morcan £ss. Probab. 223 [An an- 
nuity] to be paid at the end of the year in which the joint 
existence fails. 1860 B’ness Bunsen in Hare Zz/ II. v. 
276 His existence of bodily ease and freshness. 1870 DicKENs 
£. Drood vii, We have had a wretched existence. 

3. A mode or kind of existing. 

a@ 1763 SHENSTONE £ss. (1765) 52 Such appears to me to 
be the true existence of apparitions. 1867 M. ARNotp Em- 
pedocles on Etna t. ii, Other existences there are, that clash 
with ours. 1878 BrowninG La Saisiaz 28 New existence 
led by men and women new. 

4. concr. a. All that exists; the aggregate of being. 

1751 Harris /lermes Wks. (1841) 142 Existence may be 
considered as an universal genus. xEO. Evior Sf. 
Gipsy 51 All beauteous existence rests, yet wakes. 

b. Something that exists; a being, an entity. 

1605 TimME Quersit. 1. iii, ro Things naturall are called 
properly naturall existences or beings. 1624 Masstncer 
Renegado v. ii, Prosper, thou Great Existence, my endea- 
vours! «1754 Firetpinc 7rue Patriot Wks. 1775 UX. 329, 
I have heard of a man who believed there was no real ex- 
istence in the world but himself. 1820 Keats Hyferion u. 
337 When all the fair existences of heaven Came. 1846 
Miri Logic 1. iii. § 1 An enumeration of Existences, as the 
basis of Logic, did not escape the attention of the schoolmen. 
1891 C. R. Francis in /udian Mag. Sept. 459 ‘There is no 
limit to the ever-increasing number of deified existences. 

+ Exi'stency. 00s. [ad. med.L. existentia : see 
prec. and -ENcy.] 

1. The fact or state of existing ; continuance of 
being ; = EXISTENCE 2. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef, ui. xiii. 137 It..may be 
doubted whether it be of existency, or really any such 
stone in the head of a Toad at all. 1654 S. AsHe Fv. 
Serm. 10 Mar. 25 The existency of Christ in Believers 
giveth existence to their hopes of glory. 1677 Hae Prim. 
Orig. Man. 1. v. 113 It is impossible that any Being can be 
eternal with. . variety of states or manner of existency, 1683 
PorpaceE A/yst. Div. 1 Before the Globe of Eternity was in 
existency. 1708 H. Dopwett Nat. Mortal. Human Souls 
5 Existency depending on the arbitrary Divine Pleasure. 

b. A state or mode of being. 

1710 Zatler No. 246 ® x We stand in the middle of exist- 
encies [z,e. between angels and brutes]. y 

2. Something which exists; a being, an entity; 
= EXISTENCE 4. 

1628 T. Spencer Logick 202 A whole, sayth he, is twofold, 
viz. Vniversall ; or a totall existency. 1631 Celestina 1. 5 
See what difference there is betwixt apparencies and exist- 
encies. 1691 Ep. Taytor tr, Behmen’s Theos. Philos. 338 
Where lye innumerable multiplicity of Existencies or 
Beings. 1824 MWestm. Rev. 1. 480 By the greater intensity 
of sensations. .we judge of real existencies. 

b. A concrete form; a substance. 

r6sx W. G. tr. Cowel’s Inst. 235 And bodies Politick 

have not visible Existencies whereby they may be taken. 


Existent (egzi'stént), a. and sd. [ad. L. ex- 
(s)istent-em, pr. pple. of ex(s)éstére: see Ex1st.] 
A. adj. 


1. That exists, existing; having being or existence. 
Often emphasized by actually, really, truly, etc. 

1561 Even Arte Nauig. Pref., One common sence ex- 
istent inthemall. 1594 JZirr. Policy (1599) Qiij, Some bad 
Societie aimeth at an apparent but not existent good. 1656 
tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos, (1839) 18 Whether that thing be 
truly existent, or be only feigned. 1734 Jackson Zxistence 
of God 46 There is but one necessarily existent Being. 1793 

ouv. Morris in Sparks ie & Writ, (1832) I1. 302 Forty 
five thousand men were about the existent force. 1818 
Byron Ch. Har. 1. lxxxvii, And thou, dread statue ! yet 
existent in The austerest form of naked majesty. 1860 
Bricut Sf. Ch. Rates 27 Apr., A power which is found to 
be greatly less existent in a congregation of the Established 
Church. 1868 Rocers Pol. Econ. iii. (ed. 3) 27 The quantity 
[of gold] existent and in circulation. : 

absol. 1603 Hotvann Plutarch's Mor. 1352 Usurping 
the name of the true Jehovah or alwaies Existent. 1653 
H. More Antid, Ath. 1. viii. (1712) 146 He declares why 
the Existent should exist. 1875 Zucycl. Brit. 11, 522/2 Pure 
unconditioned actuality, the ever existent, or God. 

2. Now existing ; present-day. 

1791 Burke Th. Fr. Affairs Wks. VII. 72 To govern the 
existent body with as sovereign a sway as they had done 
the last. 1874 Ruskin Fors Clav. IV. xliii. 153 It gives you 
types of existent Frenchmen..of a very different class. 


EXISTENTIAL. 


B. sd. An existent person or thing. 
1644 Br. any taps Prerog. Chr. Kings ti. 31 sregesetly 
begs ‘ t 


pr in Pp in con- 
crete. 1655 H. More Aff. Antid. (1662) 146 If there be 
any 0 Existent, it is plain that it is er, 1722 
WoLLasTon Relig. Nat. v.69 For Heis anecessary existent. 
1878 Lewes Study Psychol. (1879) 51 These same 
mena viewed ..no longer as or existences, 
subjects or existents. 

ence Exi'stently adv. 

1 R. Burtnocce Reason 67 Sentiments (as such) are, 
in their own formalities, but apparently only, not existently, 
without the faculties that so conceive them. 

Existential (egzistenfal), a. [ad. late L. ex- 
istential-is, £. existentia EXISTENCE. 

1. Of or pertaining to existence. 

1693 tr. Barlow's Exercit. i. Rem. 483 Enjoying the good 
of existence ..and..the being deprived of that existential 
good, 1809-10 Corerince /’riend (1818) ILI. 96 note, The 
essential cause of fiendish guilt, when it makes itself exis- 
tential and peripheric, 1878 S. Hopcson Philos. Refi. 11. 
it. vii. §1. 12 There is a certain parallelism between the 

ical and existential analyses. 2 : 
. Logic. Of a proposition, etc. : Expressing the 
fact of existence; predicating existence. 

1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Logic xiii. (1866) II. 229 Exist- 
ential propositions, that is, those in which mere existence is 
predicated. 1846 — Diss. in Reid's Wks. 811 The character 
of the existential Judgments they involve. 1888 J. Venn in 
Mind July 415 Convention does not allow us to say ‘It 
executes ’.. But we can just as conveniently adopt the exist- 
ential form, ‘ There was an execution’. 

Hence Existe-ntially adv., by virtue of existence. 

a@ 1834 CoLeripGE (Webster 1864) Whether God was exist- 
entially as well as essentially intelligent. 

Exister (egzisto1). vare. [f. Exist + -ER1] 
One who or that which exists. 

1887 Atlantic Mag. Apr. 572/1 Given a somewhat hum- 
drum and monotonous existence ; the exister finding ‘ Den- 


* ’ 


mark a prison’. 

Existibility (egzi:stibiliti). Also -ability. 
[f next: see -1ry.] The quality of being existible ; 
capability of existing. 

1888 Nature 1 Mar. 417/2 The inquiry into the existability 
of perfect numbers. 

Existible (egzi'stib’l), @. rare. [f. Exist+ 
-IBLE.]| That can exist ; capable of existing. 

1701 Grew Cosm. Sacra 1. iv. 119 It is evident, That all 
Corporeal and Sensible Perfections, are in some Analogous 
way, Existible, in the Human Mind. ty in BaiLey 
(folio). 1775 in Asn; hence in some mod. Dicts. 


+ Exi'stimate, v. Olds. [f. L. extstimat- ppl. 
stem of existimare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) + xstim- 
are: see ESTEEM v.] = ESTEEM v. 5. 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Existimate, to suppose, to 
judge, to think or deem. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 


+ Existima‘tion. Os. [ad. L. existimation- 
em, f. existimare : see prec.] = ESTIMATION. 

1. Valuation in respect of excellence or merit ; 
appreciation ; worth in the opinion of others, re- 
pute, credit; = EsrmarIon 2 a, b. 

1538 Starkey England u. i. 151 Such honowre and ex- 
ystymatyon as ys gyven to maryed men. 1551 RoBiNsoN 
tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 82 One rather willing the harme 
.. of the weale publike then any..diminution of his owne 
existimation. 1670 Moral State Eng. Pref., He whostriveth 
to wound his Brother’s Existimation, at the same time 
stabbeth his own. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 456 ? 6 Mens 
Existimation [ed. Morley Estimation] follows us according 
to the Company we keep. . . 

2. Opinion based on reasoning ; judgement. 

3655-60 StanLey Hist. Philos. vit. (1701) 324/1 Faith is 

roper to a wise man, for it is a firm existimation. 1 
Puiturs, Zxistimation, a thinking or judging. 1721-1800 
in Baivey. | a 

Existing (egzi'stin), A//. a. [f. Exist + -1nG?.] 
That exists or has existence; that exists at any 
implied or specified time. 

1762 Foor Orator 1, Wks. 1799 I. 204 They are not at pre- 
sent existing in this kingdom. 1801 Sourney 7hadaba 1x. 
xiv, In Nature are two hostile Gods, Makers and Masters of 
existing things. 1827 Jarman Powedl’s Devises 11. 343 All 
the expressions applied to females, shewing that he meant 
existing daughters, not future issue. 1848 Macautay //ist¢. 
Eng. 1. 98 He bound himself not to..dissolve the existing 
Parliament without its own consent, 1871 Morey Voltaire 
(1886) 5 His sympathy with existing sources of comfort. 

Hence + Exi'stingly adv., actually, as a matter 
of fact, in reality. 

1601 Deacon & Waker Sfirits §& Divels 147 They were 
not exisingty, but a) Frarin ly, turned into serpents. 

Exit (eksit). t ‘wo formations: (1) a. L. exit, 
3rd pers. sing. ind. of L. exire to go out, f. ex- out 
+ire to go; (2) ad. L. exitus (u- stem) going out, 
departure, n. of action f. exive. 

In the subst. use the two formations often do not admit of 
being distinguished; senses B. 1- to belong chiefly 
to the first, while B, 4 (at least chiefly) and B. 5 belong to 
the second.) ~ 

A, Used as a Latin word in stage directions ; 
formerly Exgat was also used. Also ¢ransf. 

[c 1485 Digty Myst. u. 244 Et exiat Deus. bid. wv. 1423 
‘Tunc exit Iohannes; et dicit Petrus.) 1538 Bate Thre 
Lawes 743 Awaye now wyllI rounde. Z.xit, 1593 SHaxs. 
Rich. 11. 1. iii. 248 Six yeares we banish him, and he shall 

0. Exit ax652 Brome Love-sick Court um. i, And kill’d 
the Patient was but sick before. Z.xit, 1747 SMoLteTT 
Regicide w. vi, | hope to see thee bloom With vernal fresh- 
ness, and again unfold Thy beauties to the sun! [Zxit 


ut as 


414 


Dunbar. 1817 CorertoGe Biog. Lit. 11. 282 So exit Clo- 

tilda, and enter Bertram. Disraewi Viv. Grey wv. iv, 

Cog panG SCA K Ane Seen 
5b. 


Exit shall be accompanied with an ap- 
plauze. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 51 »6 When the Actors 
ARs Epcewortu Moral 7, (1816) 
I. xx. 192 The eyes of all.. were upon her, as she made 
her exit. 

b. transf. and jig. 

a Le x J. Smiru Seé, Disc. vi, 231 This sleep was upon the 
exit of his vision. 1685 Gracian’s Courtiers Orac. 58 The 
difficult matter is to have the same lause at ones exit. 
1843 CArLyLe Past § Pr. (1858) 234 The last exit of us all 
is in a Fire iot of Pain. 1874 Mortey Compromise 
(1886) 126 Progress would mean something more mere 
entrances and exits on the theatre of office. 

c. esp. Departure from the scene of life ; death. 

1661 Fectuam Lusoria xxiii. On Sir R. Cotton, He scorn’d 
an Exit by the common means. 1684-5 in Ellis Orig. Lett. 
1. 382 III. 338 He made as very glorious christian exit. .as 
ere was known. 1768-74 Tucker LZ. Nat. (1852) IL. 448 
Such of our malefactors as make a penitent exit. 1794 
Scott in Lockhart Life I. vii. 222, I stayed..in town to 
witness the exit of the cidevant Jacobin, Mr. Watt. 

2. A going out or forth, a departure from any 
place or situation ; an emergence ; also, liberty or 
opportunity to go out, passage out of any place. 

1659 T. Pecks Parnassi Puerp. 4 Sowre is the Exit..Of 
the salacious Cyprian Emperess. 1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sci. 
vi. 26 They might finde easie..exit almost everywhere. 
1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. vu. iv. 39° There should be one 
part provided for the Formation of the Body before it’s Exit 
into the World. 
The cover should contain two holes, one for the exit of the 
steam, etc. 1829 Lytron Devereux v.i, No one had per- 
ceived their entrance or exit. 1849 James Woodman xxxv, 
The man had just given admission or exit to some one. 


1816 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art Il. 320 | 


1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea viii. § 393 There is some- | 


times, if not always, another exit of warm water from the 
Indian Ocean. Bower & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. 
& Ferns 271 A leaf-trace consisting of a single bundle, 


| tural Tumour appeared in the 


which does not divide into three bundles till its exit at the | 


node into the leaf. 

Jig. 1991 Paine Rts. Man (ed. 4) 72 This species of 
imaginary consequence. . hastens toitsexit. 1862 MERIVALE 
Rom, Emp. (1865) V1.1. 175 Life, she urged, is over; nought 
remains to look for but a decent exit from it. 1875 JoweTT 
Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 76 Forgetfulness is the exit of memory. 

+3. The last portion or end of anything. Oés. 

1627-77 Fetuam Resolves 1. xlviii. 76 The exit of the Verse 
will tell him. 1664 Evetyn Sy/va (1776) 125 Towards the 
exit of January, or early in February. 

4. A channel of egress; an outlet. 

1695 Woopwarv Nat. Hist. Earth mu. i. § 4 The rest [of 
the rain]..cannot make its Way to Wells, the perpendicular 
Fissures, or the like Exits. 1786 Gitrin Odserv. Mts. & 
Lakes 1. 165 At the conclusion of this. amphitheatre. .we 
found an exit, 188x Jowerr Zhucyd. I. 66 An enclosure 
.. Which was surrounded by a great ditch and had no 
exit. 

5. = L, exttus terre. 

[1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v., Exitus Terra, the rentes, 
fruites, and profites of the land.] 1866 Rocers Agric. ¥ 
Prices 1. xxviii. 674 The exits of the manor are little more 
than a fourth of the amount recorded in 1332. 

6. attrib. 

1852-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1V. 464/1 Their usual exit-pipe 
is no longer open. 1 Gero. Etior A. Bede 7 With this 
exit speech .. Wiry Ben shouldered his basket and left the 


workshop. 

Exit (eksit), v. [f. prec. sb.]  zutr. To make 
one’s exit, depart, disappear ; fig. to decease, die. 

1607 Barley-Breake (1877) 10 Much like vnto a Player on 
a stage. .As one distract doth exit ina rage. a16s2 Brome 
Love-sick Court u.i, My souls better part exited, left The 
other languishing. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. 1. 201 
[She would 
would exit. 1844 W. H. Maxwett Fort. O'Halloran vii, 
She exited from the chamber. 1890 Temple Bar Aug. 579 
I desire to exit with the fiddlers playing, the foot-lights 
ablaze, the house looking on, J 

Exitacion, -ation, obs. ff. Excrrarton. 

Exitat, var. form of Excirate v., Obs. 

Exite, obs. form of Exerre, 

+Exitelite. J/in. Olds. [f. Gr. e&€irnr-os 
evanescent (f. éfcévar, f. & out + leva to go) + -1TE.] 
A synonym of VALENTINITE. 

1841 Cuarman Min. 39 Exitelite, Oxide of Antimony. 


1868 Dana AZin. 184. 
+ Exi-tiable, a. Ods. rare. [ad. L. exttiabilis 


destructive, f. exvéium a going out, destruction, f. 
exire; see Exit.) Destructive, ruinous. 

1607 Toprsett /our-f Beasts (1673) 189 Their [goats’] teeth 
are exitiable to all tender plants. foe a in Baiwey (folio). 

Exitial (egzifal), a. Ods. or arch. [ad. L. exi- 
wial-is destructive, f. exitium: see prec.] Hurtful; 
destructive to life, deadly, fatal. 

c 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 123 These 
menn..had ynoughe to doe to, .defer the exitiall fall of their 
contrie. /did. 1. 177 The charge of regalitie..had benne 
hurtfull and exitiall toso manie his predecessors. 1607 Tor- 
SELL Serpents tsp) 749 The biting of it is very exitial and 
deadly. | 1633 ‘T. Apams Z.x/. 2 Peter ii. 1 They [heresies] 
. are exitial and a to the kingdoms. . where they are 
admitted. 1699 Eveyn Acetaria (1729) 177 [Mushrooms 
are) malignant, exitial, mortal and stasicmn 1721-1800 in 
Batwwey, 1884 in Syd, Soc. Lex. 


become] duchess of Delaware, if old Pomposo | 


EXo-. 
Exition (eksi:fon). ? Ods. [ad. L. exition-em, 
n. of action f. exire: see Exir sb.] The action of 


going out or forth; departure, exit; also, place 
or point of exit, 
ra" 7, L 


in Cle 


lave u i t VIII. was Elected Pope 
 eamfeeapeenes! a = Cyder (169) 
DGE 1 
143 Which so condenseth its spirits that they Sool bat ser 
exition. 1816 Keatince Trav. 1 building. .has 
but one gate or outlet, where the search upon exition is as 
close as in the diamond-mines. 
+ Exitio'se, 2. Ods.—° =next. 
1730-6 in Batey (folio). 1775 Asx [isfr.] Exitose. 
+ Exitious, a. Obs. [ad. L. exitids-us destruc- 
igh cng or ExiriaBie.} = Exitat. 
z ‘omilies u. Idolatry m. (1859) Settin; of 
images in churches. .pr f uct only barafal, but exittous 
and lent. Biccs New Disp. P 241 Exitious humours 
1657 Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 
378 In Persia my gg mame 4 [Peach] to be exitious. 
~—e Afollo Il. No. if 3/1 Blind to Events, however 


X 
t 
| Batey (folio). 1775 in AsH. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 


+ Evxiture. Ods. In 5 exitour. [ad. med.L. 
exttiir-a, f, exire: see Exit sb, Cf. OF, exiture.] 

1. Passage out or forth. x 

1578 Banister Hist. Manx. 13 Children. .hauing in the 
vtmost part of bod - o owall see ys xi 
ofLigamentes. 1615 CrooKe of Mani _—— 
--a round muscle. .compassing a the F of right 
gut to hinder the exiture of the excrements. 

2. A running abscess. [So in OF. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 52 (MS. A) His cure schal be 
seid in pe chapitle of apostymes & of exitours [4/7S. B 
exitures]. 1543 TRaneron Vigo's Chirurg. u. xxi. 33 An 
exiture is everye kynde of an aposteme. 1657 TomLinson 
Renou's Disp. 722 It cures green wounds .. and exitures. 
[1811 Hoover Med. Dict., Exitura, arunning abscess. 1860 
Mayne £24. Lex., Exitura. 1884 Syd. Soc. Le, Exitura.) 

Hence + Exitu'ral a., of or pertaining to an 
‘exiture’ or abscess. 

1758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 312 Accidents, 
that accompany exitural Tumours. /éid. 321 exi- 
Ham. 

Exitus (eksitis). [L. exit-us (uw stem) a going 
out or forth, f. exire: see Exir sd.] 

+1. A going out or forth; a departure, exodus 
(see also quot. 1706). Ods. 

1664 H. More £x.7 Efist. 5 The Exitus of the Ephesine 
Church. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. vii. 178 The 
Period between the Flood and the Exitus of the People out 
of Egypt was about 800 Years. 1706 Puituirs (ed. ), 
Exitus..a going forth, the end of a Business, Death. 

2. Path. (See quots. 1811 and 1884.) 

1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., Exitus,a | omg 5 or falling 
down of the womb or anus, 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Exitus.. 
the termination of a disease, especially when well marked. 

+ Exle’ a. Obs. rare. [f. L. exlég-em law- 
less (f. ex- Ex- prefl+ a law) +-AL.] Lawless. 

1602 W, Watson Decacordon But the best. .course to 
be taken ..is by this exlegall ifers lawes set downe. 
Ibid. 300 The exlegall legifer Fa. Parsons. 


|| Ex-libris (eks loi‘bris). Used also as f/. 
[f. L. ex /ibris, lit. ‘ out of the books’, z.e. ‘ from 
the library’ (of the n whose name follows) ; 
mod. Lat. phrase often used in inscriptions indi- 
cating the ownership of books.] 

An inscription, label, or stamp indicating the 
owner of a Rows vo a label or — of this 
kind artistically designed, bearing, ¢.g. person’s 
arms or crest, or some emblematic device; a book- 
plate or the like. 

1880 Warren Book-plates i. 1 In E) we call such a 
ticket as this, William Downing’s -plate, as abroad it 
would be called his ex-libris, /did. xii. 124 In Germany, 
ex-libris have undoubtedly existed for more than three 


| turies and a N. 21 June 486/1 A curious 
ex-ibis, stamped on Fre Selb NB ed ln 
front 


back. 
attrib, 1891 (title), The Journal of the Ex-Libris Society. 
Ex-librist (eks,lai-brist). vave—*. [f. EX-LipR-1s 
+ -Ist.] One who collects specimens of ‘ex- 
libris’. 
1880 Warren Book-flates i. 4 The ex-librist is but a humbler 
class of bibliophile. 


+ Bxlineal, a. Ods. rare. [f. Ex- pref +L. 
Jinea LINE +-AL.] Out of the direct line of descent. 
1716 M. Davies A then. Brit. 111, 40 Melampus and Chiron 
. seem to be of an exlineal Race and perchance of a mystical 


Offspring. 

Exo- (ekso; before two unstressed syllables 
eksg"), prefix (before a vowel sometimes reduced 
to ex-), repr. Gr. a, without, in many compounds 
of modern formation, as E:xarteri‘tis, E:xo- 
arteri‘tis [see Arreritis], Path., inflammation 
of the outer coat of an artery, Bxoca‘rdial a, 
Phys. [cf. Canp1at], pertaining to the exterior of 
the heart, E*xocarp [Gr. «apn-ds fruit], (in 
fruits) the outermost layer of the pericarp; = Epi- 
cARP. Exocho'rion, Anat. [see Cxonion], the 
outer layer of the chorion or membrane that en- 
closes the foetus. Bxoceelar a. [Ca@L-oM + -aR], 
pertaining to the outer side of the ccelom or body- 
cavity. E'xoderm [Gr. d5épya skin], the outer 


EXO-. 


layer of the blastoderm ; = EctopERM ; also, the 
external crust of the body of an insect. E:xo- 
gastritis, Path. [see GasTRitis], inflammation 
of the outer coat of the stomach. E:xogene'tic a. 
[Gr. yeverucds, f. yéveois Genesis], that arises 
from without. Exo'gynous a. [Gr. yuvy7 woman 
+-ous], having the style projecting prominently 
out of the flower. Exona‘rthex [see NarTHEX], 
the outer vestibule of a Greek church (cf. Eson- 
ARTHEX). Exoneu‘ral a. [see NEURAL], operat- 
ing outside the nerves; hence Exonew:rally adv. 
Exopa‘thic a. [Gr. 740-os suffering + -1c], (of 
disease) originating outside the body (cf. Auto- 
PATHIC). Exo'phagous a. [Gr. pay-civ to eat + 
-ous], (see quot.), Exo-phagy [as prec. + -¥], 
the habit of being exophagous. Exophy-llous a. 
Gr, pvaAd-ov leaf +-ous], (see quot.), E:xoplasm 
Gr. tAdopa something moulded or formed], the 
outermost Iayer of the cuticular protoplasm of 
some Protozoa (cf. Ecropnasm, ENDOPLASM, s. v. 
Ecro-, EnDo-). Exo‘podite [Gr. 705- movs foot 
+ -ITE], ‘the outermost of the two processes ap- 
pended to the basal process of the hinder limbs of 
some of the Crustacea’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence 
Exopoditic a. Exo'ptile a. Bot. [Gr. mridov 
feather], having a naked plumule. Exo(r)rhi-zal 
a. Bot, (Gr. pi{-a root + -au], (of plants) having 
the radicle naked, z.¢. not enclosed in a sheath ; 
also Exorrhi‘zous a, Exosco'pic a@. [Gr. -cxor-os 
watching], viewing from the outside; having re- 
gard to external appearances or relations ; hence 
Exosco'pically adv. Exoske‘letal a. Anat., of 
or pertaining to the Exoske‘leton, the external in- 
tegument, whether bony or calcified, as in some 
animals, or leathery as in others; also fig. E’xo- 
sperm, ot. [Gr. onépya seed]. E’xospore, Fos. 
[see SporE], the outer coat of a spore or oosphere 
in fungi or lichens; hence Exospo‘ral a., pertaining 
to an exospore; Exospo‘rous a.,a term applied 
to fungi whose spores are on the outer surface of 
the sporangium. E:xostome, of. [Gr. orépya 
mouth], the aperture in the outer integument of 
the ovule. Exotheca, Zool. [Gr. 6nxn case], the 
hard exterior wall of the gonosome of the Hy- 
drozoa; hence Exothe'cal a., pertaining to the 
exotheca. Exothe‘cium, Zo/. [mod.Lat., f. Gr. 
Onx-n case], ‘the cuticular or outer layer of the 
anther’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 


1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 315 The sign is called. . 
sometimes, in contradistinction from the murmur produced 
by blood-currents within the heart, an “exocardial murmur. 
1845 Gray Bot. Text-bk. 1. x. 252*Exocarp. 1870 HooKER 
Stud. Flora 326 Euphorbia. .valves with a coriaceous exo- 
carp. 1857 Buttock Cazeaux’ Midwif. 195 The external... 
also called the *exochorion, is wholly destitute of vessels. 
1879 tr, Haeckel’s Evol. Man I. ix, 271 The *exoccelar, 
that is, the outer, or parietal coelom—epithelium. /é7d. I. 
viii. 197 The protoplasm of the *exoderm cells. 1884 Syd. 
Soc, Lex., Exoderm. 1850 NEAte Hist. Last. Ch. 1. 245 
The esonarthex opens on to the church by nine doors, to the 
*exonarthex by five. 3185r H. Mayo Pog. Suferst. (ed. 2) 
3 To denote mental phenomena of the kind I am supposing 

propose the term *exoneural (éfw vedpov), 1881 W. F. 
Barrett in Mature XXIV. 212 There seemed to be a verit- 
able exoneural action of the mind. 188x J. Simon zd7d. 372 
Wesee the various causes of death as under two great heads, 
respectively autopathic and *exopathic. 1883 Pad/ Mall. G. 
30 Nov. hy The Indians are *‘ exophagous’, that is, do not 
eat members of their own tribe. 1839 Eescer Introd, Bot. 
1. i, 252 *Exophyllous; because the young leaves of. .dico- 
tyledons are always naked. 1888 Atheneum 4 Feb. 151/1 
The granulated structure of its *exoplasm..was described. 
1870 RottEston Axim. Life 92 The anterior extremities of 
the palpiform “exopodites. 1877 HuxLrey Azat. Inv. Anim. 
vi. 281 The exopodite, metamorphosed into another such 
bowl shuts down over the endopodite. 1870 Brentiey Bot. 
120 Such a mode of root-development has n called *exo- 
rhizal. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex.,*Exorrhizous. 1816 BENTHAM 
Chrestom. s. 1843 VIII. 94 Division of Politics and 
Government into Esoscopic..and *Exoscopic, i.e. external- 
concerns-regarding, viz. International Government and Poli- 
tics. 1853 Sy.vester in Phil. Trans. CXLIII. 1. 409 The 
method becoming as it may be said endoscopic instead of 
being exoscopic as in the first section, /4/d., The subject is 
treated. .*exoscopically in the first and last sections. 1870 
Rot.eston Anim, Life Introd. 57 *Exoskeletal ossifications. 
1 Houxtey Anat. Inv. Anim. i. 55 From the epidermis, 
all cuticular and cellular exoskeletal parts..are developed. 
1847 Topp Cyc. Anat, III. 846/2 *Exoskeleton. 1864 H. 
Spencer /Wustr, Univ. Progr. 409 In the highest Annulosa, 
the exo-skeleton and the muscular system, never lose all traces 
of their segmentation. 1872 NicHotson Padzont. 187 The 
Mollusca ,. commonly p ing an kel or shell. 
1888 J. Jacoss Bidpai lii, These are the facts that form 
the exoskeleton of his life. 1859 Topp C sel Anat.V, sei 

Ibid, 


2 


The *ex ral membrane dehisces in three valves, 
V. 246/1 The sporangium. .burst by the swelling of the *exo- 
spore. 1882 


smooth and often variously coloured, 1884 Soc. Lex. 
*Exosporous. 1845 Gray Bot. Text-bk, 1. ix. 241 The 
orifice of the primine is called the *Exostome, that of the 
secundine of the inner Endostome; literally the outer and 
the inner orifice. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 81 The arillus 
being produced from the exostome. 1877 Nicnorson in 
Encycl. Brit. V1. 374 They [the costz of the coral] .. may 
be united by transverse plates (* *exothecal dissepiments’) 


ines Sachs’ Bot. 325 The a is usually 
vd. 


415 


which run horizontally across the intercostal spaces. 1870 
Benttry Bot, 239 An outer which. .is called the *exothecium. 

Exoccipital (eksipksi‘pital), a. and sd. [f. 
Gr. éw (see Exo-) + L. occipit-, occiput the back 
of the head + -at.] 

A. adj. That is outside the occipital bone. 

1847 Topp Cycl. Anat. 111. 308/1 The groove between the 
occipital condyle and the exoccipital process. 1869 Proc. 
Amer, Phil. Soc, X1. 577 The great extent of the exocci- 
pital element. : 

B. sb. pl. Those parts of the occipital bone 
which form the sides of the foramen magnum and 
support the condyles. Cf. ConDYLE 2. 

1854 OweEN in C7rc. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 59/1 The exoccipitals 
..are very irregular subtriangular bones, 1855 — Shed. § 
Teeth 26 The two condyles being developed from the two 
exoccipitals. 188r Mivart Cat 61 Each ex-occipital sup- 
ports one of the condyles before noticed. 

Exoctohedron : see HrxocraHEDRON. 

Exoculation (eksipkizla-fon). [as if ad. L. 
*exoculation-em, n. of action f. exoculare to put 
out the eyes, f. ex- out +ocz/us eye.] The action 
of putting out the eyes, e..y. in execution of a judi- 
cial sentence ; blinding. 

1630 R. Yohnson’s Kingd. & Comiw, 13 From these Na- 
tions. .have tortures. .taken their originals: as exoculations 
..and impalements on stakes. 1814 SoutrHEy Roderick 1. 
note, The history of Europe during the dark ages abounds 
with examples of exoculation. 

Exode (e'ksoud), sd.! Also 9 exod. [angli- 
cized form of Exopus. Cf. Fr. exode.] 

+1. The Book of Exodus ; = Exopus 1. Ods. 

ax225 Ancr. R. 196, I pisse wildernesse wende ure Louerdes 
folc, ase Exode telled. 

. = Exopus 2a. Somewhat rare. 

@1751 BotincBROKE A/inwtes Ess. Wks. 1754 V.141 They 
[the Israelites] could bring, at the time of the Exode, six 
hundred thousand fighting men into the field. 1826 G. 
Hiccins Hore Sabbat. (1833) 41 The Sabbath was first. .in- 
stituted, on their exod from Egypt. 1853 G. S. Faner Downf 
of Turkey 47 The circumstances of the exode. 

3. transf. = Exovvs 2c. 

1882 T. M. Post in Chicago Advance 22 June, The Exode 
[of colored people from the South about 1880]. 

Exode (e'ksoud), sd.2 [a. Fr. exode, ad. late L. 
exodium: see Exoptum.] a. in the Gr. drama 
=Exopium 1; hence gev. the ending, catastrophe 
of a play; b. in the Roman drama =Exopium 2. 

a@1684 Eart Roscom. Wes. (1753) 176 The Romans had .. 
three plays acted, one after another, on the same subject; the 
first a real Tragedy; the second the Attellane; the third a 
Satyr or Exode, a kind of Farce of oneact. 1759 W. Mason 
Caractacus Argt. in Poeus (1805), The Exode, or Catas- 
trophe, is prepared by the coming of Arviragus the King’s 


son. 1833 Blackw, Mag. XXXIV. 72t Hindu writers are 
in general successful in maintaining the character of their 
exode, 


Exoderm : see Exo- pref. 

+ Exo'diary. Ols. [ad. L. exodiari-us, f. ex- 
odium : see Exoptum.] A player in the exodium. 

1793 J. Wittiams Cal Exam. 100 Britons will admit of 
ns Erodiary, like the Romans, to divert them with unap- 
propriate merriment, when the business of the Tragedy has 
ceased. 

Exodic (eksg'dik), a. 
issue, Exopus + -1¢.] 

1. Of or pertaining to an exodus. 

In some mod. Dicts. 

2. Phys. ‘Proceeding out of or from the spinal 
marrow’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) 1850 [see Esoptc]. 

Exodist (eksédist). rare. [f. EXODE sd. + -18T.] 

1. One who makes an exodus, In quot. applied 
to the Israelites. 

1883 R. F. Burton in Academy 5 May 311/2 The Exodists 


would naturally travel by the present Haj highway from 
Suez to El-’Akabah. A 


2. One who departs or goes out from one place 
to settle in another; an emigrant. 

1849 Lowe. Biglow P. Wks. (1879) 179 Want was the 
prime foe these hardy exodists had to fortress themselves 
against, 

|| Exo'dium. Also 6 //. exodia. [a. L. exo- 
dium, ad, Gr, é£dé:0v, f. éédd:0s of or belonging to 
an exit, f. e{o50s ; see Exopus.] 

1. Grk. Drama. The concluding part of a play ; 
the catastrophe. 1842 in BranpE. In mod. Dicts 

2. Rom. Drama. A comic interlude originally 
attached to the Atellanze, but afterwards given as 
a separate performance after tragedies. 

1600 HoLtianp Livy 251 Merrie scoffes and jestes. .which 
thereupon were afterwards called Exodia, and were inserted 
commonly in the Atellane Comedies. 1752 CHAMBERs Cyc. 
s. v., Among the Romans, the exodium..was pretty nearly 
what farces are with us. 

Exodus (e'ksédis). [a. L. exodus, a. Gr. &ob0s 
going out, f. é¢ out + d5és way.] 

1. The title of the book of the Old Testament 
which relates the departure of the Israelites out of 

pt. 

(In 14-r16th c. sometimes ‘ Book of Exodi’, retaining the 
Lat. genitive.) 

¢ 1000 AEiFric Ox O. T. (Sweet) 63 Seo oder boc is Exodus 
gehaten, 1388 Wyctir £~. Prol., This book of Exodi, that 
is to seie, of going out, makith mencioun, that, etc. 1549 
CoverpaLe Evasm. Par. Ront.ix.15 That, whiche inthe boke 
of Exodi is by God spoken, I wyl shewe mercy, to whom 


[f. Gr. €05-0s way out, 


EXOGENOUS. 


soeuer I shewe mercy. 1579 Futxr Heskins’ Parl. 8 In 
Exodus and Leuiticus..are many thinges..very easie and 
plaine. 1611 Bisie (Aeading), The Second Booke of Moses, 
called Exodus, [So 1885 — (Revised).] 
2. A going out or forth, 
a. spec, The departure of the Israelites from 


Egypt. 

@ 1646 J. Grecory Posthuma (1649) 107 The Men of Hamel 
date all their publick Matters especially, from this Exodus, 
or going forth of the Children. 1740 Warsurton Div. Legat 
iv. § 6(1755) IV. 85 The two generations, between the exodus 
from Egypt and the entrance into Canaan. 1882 Farrar 
Early Chr. 1. 460 note, Pharaoh consented to the Exodus, 
but it was only in wrath and fear. 

b. gem. (more or less consciously ¢rvansf. from 
2a). Ut. and fig. 

1623-6 Cockeram, Exodus, a going out. 1721-1800 in 
Battery. 1830 Gatt Laurie T. m1. i. (1849) 81 Our Exodus 
from New York..commenced under the happiest auspices. 
1847 Lytton Lucretia (1853) 228 To trace that son’s exodus 
from the paternal mansion. 1858 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea 
vi. § 306 The air .. at its exodus, is dry. 1862 R. VaucHAN 
Nonconformity 383 The exodus from the established church 
which dates from the 17th August, 1662, 188: Manarry 
Old Grk, Educ. xi. 140 A formal exodus of philosophic 
students, who only returned with Theophrastus. 

ce. esp. The departure or going out, usually of 
a body of persons from a country for the purpose 
of settling elsewhere. Also fig. Cf. EMIGRATION 2. 

1831 CaRLYLE Sart. Res. (1858) 49 This Genesis of his can 
piece be nothing but an Exodus (or transit out of Invisi- 

ility into Visibility), 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth 
Wks. (Bohn) IT. 75 The poor-rate was..forcing an exodus 
of farmers and mechanics. 1862 T. C. Grattan Beaten 
Paths 1, 132 ‘The rushing exodus, as it was the fashion to 
call this continuous transatlantic movement. 1879 FRoubE 
Cesar xiv. 202 A complete exodus of the entire tribe. 

Exody (eksédi). rare. [ad. Gr. efodia going 
out, f. €€ out + dds way.] 

1. The Book of Exodus ; = Exopus 1. 

1832 in WEBSTER; 1847 in Craic. 

= Exopvs 2a. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. iii. 146 Ever since the 
time of the Jewish Exody, 1832 in WersTER, 

= Exopvus 2b. 

1775 Asu, /-xody, a departure, a journey from any place. 
1832 in WessTER. 1882 G. Macponatp Castle Warlock 1. 
xx. 332 The plomp of the cork’s exody, and the gurgle of 
the wine. .speedily consoled him. 

|| Ex officio, ex-officio, adv). phrase. [L. ex 
out of, according to + officdd, abl. of offic’um duty, 
office.] In discharge of one’s duty, in virtue of 
one’s office; hence, as quasi-adj. = OFFICIAL. 

1533 More Afo/. xl. Wks. 907/2 The conuenting of here- 
tikes ex officio. 1607 CoweL Juterpr. s. v. Office, A thing 
found by Inquisition made ex officio. 1610 Br. Hatt Afol. 
Browmnists § 40 No Enquiry £x officio may be thus made. 
1712 Pripgaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 94 He may call 
them ex Officio to Account. 1812 Examiner 24 Aug. 5290/1 
He does not strike at the Ex-officio Information itself. 1886 
Oxf. Univ. Calendar 18 The Proctors are ex-officio members 
of each of the under-mentioned Committees. 

Hence Ex-offi'cial a., proceeding from office or 
authority. 

1847 in Craic ; hence in some mod. Dicts. 

Exogamous (eksy'gamas), a. [f. Gr. ew (see 
Exo-) + yap-os marriage + -ous.] Characterized 
by, of the nature of, or pertaining to, exogamy. 

1865 McLennan Print. Marriage iil, 56 Various circum- 
stances common to exogamous tribes. 1883 A. Lanc in 
Contemp. Rev. Sept. 411 The exogamous prohibition in 
Rome was as complete as among the Hindoos. 

==ogemy (eksp'gami). [f. as prec.: cf. En- 
DOGAMY. he custom by which a man is bound 
to take a wife outside his own clan or group. 
Hence Exoga‘mic a. [see -1c], pertaining to 
exogamy. 

1865 McLennan Print. Marriage iii. 48 The words ‘endo- 

my’ and ‘exogamy’ are new. 1870 Lussock Orig. Civiliz. 
iii. (1875) 132 A strict system of exogamy prevails. 1873 
Contemp. Rev. XXII. 423 The transition which sometimes 
takes place from the exogamic to the endogamic system. 
1885 Tytor in Academy 1 Aug. 67/2 A social development 
late in comparison with the really early stages—female 
descent and exogamic totemism. 

Exogastritis ; see Exo- pref. 

Exogen (eksodzén). Bot. [in Fr. exogene (De 
Candolle 1813), mod.L. exagena, -2s (imitating L. 
tndigena, -us) adj., growing on the outside, used 
in fem. as sb., f. Gr. e€w (see Exo-) + yerys born, 
produced.] A plant whose stem grows by de- 
posit on its outside; opposed to ENDOGEN. 

The class of Exogens is identical with that of the Dicoty- 
ledons, one of the two main divisions of phanerogamous 
plants. (But see quot. 1889, and cf. BaLtrour in Excycl, 
Brit. TV. 99). oe 

[1830 Linptey Wat. Syst. Bot. 1 Exogenz have a distinct 
deposition of pith, wood, and bark.] 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 
128/1 Exogens have an embryo so robust as to be able to 
spring at once into existence. 1873 Dawson Zarth § Man 
vi, 121 Those higher plants which start in life with two seed- 
leaves, and have stems with distinct bark, wood, and pith— 
the Exogens. 1889 Chambers’ Cycl., Exogenous Plants, or 
Exogens, a term applied to dicotyledons by Lindley to ex- 
press an erroneous view of the mode of stem-thickening 
from that of monocotyledons, and now wholly disused by 
botanists, ; 

Exogenetic: see Exo- pref. 

Exogenous (eksp'dzinos), a. [f. mod.L. exd- 
gen-a, -us (see EXOGEN) +-ous.] a. Bot. Growing 


EXOGYNOUS, 


by additions on the outside; of the nature of an 
exogen; pertaining to or characteristic of the 
exogens. b. Path. = Exocrneric. e. Anat. Of 
a portion of bone (see quot. 1854); opposed to 
autogenous. 

a cs of Linney Nat. Syst. Bot. Introd. 19 A section of 
the trunk of an Exogenous plant exhibits bark on the out- 
side, Lyewt Princ. Geol. I11. 98 There is a consider- 
able oBy between the mode of increase of a volcanic 
cone and that of trees of exogenous growth. 1872 H. Mac- 
MILLAN True Vine iii. 76 As Cavaieas exogenous plants 
may be mentioned the oak..the apple. .and the rose. _ 

ig. 1874 Mrs. Wuttney We Girls ix. 191, I am going to 
try if one little bit of social life cannot be exogenous. 1885 

rs. Lynn Linton Stabbed in Dark iv. 40 [He had] a more 
exogenous nature than had the other ; a nature which lived 
more on, and adopted more from, externals. 

b. 1883 Fortin. Rev, 1 Aug. 177 An exogenous contagion 
is one that depends for its potency upon favouring conditions 
outside the body. 

c. 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 48/2 Parts that grow 
out from previously ossified parts are called ‘exogenous’, 

Hence Exo‘genously adv. 

1879 Spectator 6 Sept. 1125/1 Why should it (the Temple] 
not grow rye building not towards the inside, but 
the outside? 1890 Wittiamson in Nature 17 Apr. 573 The 
former of these plants possessed a highly organized, exo- 
genously developed xylem zone. 

Exogynous: see Exo- pref. 

+ E-xolete, ¢. Ods. [ad. L. exolét-us, pa. pple. 
of exoléscére to grow up, grow out of use, f. ex- 
(see Ex- pref!) + ol- to grow; cf. adolésctre.] 
a. That has gone out of use; disused, obsolete. 
b. That has lost its virtue; effete, insipid. e¢. Of 
flowers: Faded. 

a. 1611 Corvat Crudities 178 A Greeke inscription which 


I could not understand by reason of the antiquity of those | 
exolete letters. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel.u.iv.1.v, Inwhich | 


{apothecaries’ shops] many .. exolete, things out of date are 
to be had. 
Paganism is ridiculous, Judaism exolete. 1652 UrquHart 
Jewel Wks. (1834) 211 Plautus exolet phrases have been [ex- 
ploded] from the eloquent orations of Cicero. 1705 tr. Cow- 
ley's Hist. Plants Pref. (1795) 20, I declaimed..against the 
use of exolete and interpolated repetitions of old fables. 

b. 1657 Tomiinson Renon's Disp. 283 The vulgar carpo- 
balsame being .. faint, rancid, exolet. 1676 PAz/. Trans. 
XI. 708 How exolete Blood falls asunder. 1684 tr. Bonet’s 
Merc. Compit. x. 358 These Exoticks..are now and then 
deprived partly of their virtues and exolete. 

Ph 1730-6 Baixey (folio), E-volete, faded, or withered, as 
owers,. 


+ Exolu‘tion. O/s. Also 7 exolusion, exso- 


lution. [ad. L. ex(s)oliition-em, n. of action f. | 


exsoluvére: see next.] 

1. The action of loosening or setting free; the 
state of being loosened or set free; esp. the emis- 
sion or escape of ‘animal spirits’ formerly assumed 
as the cause of swooning. 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 41 There is an exolusion, and so 
a defect of vitall spirits, 1634 I’, Jounson tr. Parey's Chirurg. 
805 An..exolution of the spirits like sowning. 1652 Frencu 
Yorksh. Spa iv. 46 A canine appetite, & other ill symptomes 


caused by the exolution of the skin. 1657 Tomtinson Renon's | 


Disp. 591 Honey..boyled to the exolution of the aqueous 
humidity, 1662 Stusse Jud. Nectar i. 4 At that time of the 
year, our bodies suffer a greater exolution of Spirit. 

4 Used for: Dissolution, end. 

1846 Dr. S. Brown Hist, Sci. in Lectures (1858) I. 339 
The evening .. twilight of an era is always the time when 
the poets who are to..sing its. .approaching exolution come 
abroad. 

b. Relaxation (of the bodily powers) ; faintness, 

1634 T. Jounson tr. Parey’s Chirurg. xxi. xx. (1678) 504 
By this kind of disease [Plague] there cometh. .exsolution of 
the faculties. 1650 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. (ed. 2) m1. 
ix. ror The exolution and languor ensuing that act [of 
spermaticall emission]. 1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 198 The 
exolution of the powers thence depending, would not bear 
those swift motions. 1674-81 in BLount Glossogr. ; whence 
— in Cots, 

ce. In mystical sense, 
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. v. 83 If any have been so 


prs hod truely to and Christian ion, extasis, 
exolution. 
2. ‘A full and perfect payment’ (Blount G/os- 


sogr. 1674). Hence 1692-1732 in Cotes. 

+ Exo'lve, v. Obs. [ad. L, ex(s)olvdre, f. ex- 
out + solvére to loosen.] a. trans. To slacken, 
diminish. b. zntr. for ref. To dissolve. 
pay clear off’ (Bailey 1730-6 folio). 

1578 Banister Hist, Man v. 68 By lightly receiuing them, 
do gentl lue the viol euery i BY Tom- 
Linson Renou's Disp. 4x Their virtue cannot so easily exolve 
and perish, 

|| Exomion (eksdumign). [asif a. Gr. *égaplor, 
dim. of é{wpis: see next.] = next. 

1875 Browninc Avristoph. Apol. 140 
exomion, sleeveless coat He. .robbed me 


ec. ‘To 


Describe the new 
of. 


|| Exomis (eksdu-mis). [Gr. éapis, f. é out + 
Gpos shoulder.] A vest without sleeves, leaving 
the shoulders bare ; worn by artisans and slaves. 


1850 Leitcu tr. Willer’s Anc. Art 400 The exomis, worn by 
artisans, while it supplied at the same time the place of the 
himation. .left the right shoulder with the arm free. 

|| Exomologesis (eks)¢:mglpgi‘sis). Also 6 
exh-, [Gr. éfopodrdynais f. tfopodroyéey, f. & in- 
tensive + duodroyéey to confess: see HomoLoGaTE.] 
A full confession, a public confession. 


1651 Lp. Dicsy, etc. Lett. conc. Relig. iv. 125 | 


416 

heat hd of ti and how men in babite, in 
liuing, to lie in sacke and ashes. 1655 Jer. Taytor Unune 
Necess. ix. § 4. Sp AP pubic ciuiornwie Sal to b= 
lick Exomol: or Repentance in the Church. i 
Ler Moder.C. Bag eer Deter eae vets 
toowea his Exomologesis. . Rev. Jan. 
59 Auricular confession put in place of the old exomologesis. 

|| Exom: (eksp'mfalgs). Also in mod.L. 
form exomphalus. [Gr. éféuados, f. @ out + 
opgadros navel.] (See quots.) 

1754-64 Smetiuiz Midwi/. I. Fan Rare compression must 


be continued for some time in o1 


mbilical hernia or exom; los is a protrusion 

Exomphalous (ekspmfiles), a. [f. prec. + 
-ous.]_ Having a ruptured or protuberant navel. 

1863 R. F. Burton Adeokuta I. 43 The child -are all 
more or less exomp! § . 

Exon (exfn). [app. intended to express the 
pronunciation (egzan) of Fr. exempt. 

Cf. Exaun, occurring as a spelling of exempt in 1678; also 
exant (quot. 1655 below), used in the sense of Exempt sé. 
4a. The ‘exempts’ or ‘exons’ of the Yeomen of the Guard, 
according to Thoms Bk, of the Court, were first appointed in 
1668.) 

The ordinary title of the four officers of the 
Yeomen of the Royal Guard, ‘ styled corforals in 
their commissions’ (Thoms) and ranking below 
the ‘ Ensign’; =Exempr sd. 4b. 

{1655 in Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 354 The Court gaue 
Moreland (Cromwells express) two Exants of y* guards to 
conduct him in safety.] 1767 Royal Calendar 83 Yeomen 
of the Guards .. Exons [4 names follow]. 1843 Macau.ay 
Ess., Mad. d’Arblay, It never occurred..to the Exons, 
and Keepers of the Robes, that, etc. 1873 Daily News 19 
June 6/5 Colonel Bourke (the Exon in Waiting). 1891 Nez 
Army List 132 Yeomen of the Guard.. Exons [4 names]. 

Exonarthex : ses Exo- pref. 

Exoner (egzéwna1), v. Sc. [ad. Fr. exondr-er, 
ad. L. exonerare: see EXONERATE v.] = EXONER- 
ATE in various senses: To relieve from a burden; 
to free from responsibility, liability, or blame. 
Now only in Se. Law. 

1533 BeLLenDEN Livy 1. (1822) 149 Commanding the saidis 
consulis to exoner thaimself of all auctorite. 1582 in Spottis- 
wood Hist, Ch. Scot. v1.(1677) 323 They..should be exonered 
of all Action, civil or criminal, 1637 Gittesrie Eng. Pop. 
Cerem. Epist. C, You shall neither convince your Adver- 
saries, nor yet exoner your owne consciences. 1 Scots 
Mag. XV. 86/1 She hath exonered herself. 1 Times 
6 Aug. Advt., For the purpose of having the Trust Funds. . 
divided. .and the pursuers exonered of the said trust. 1881 
Daily Tel. 16 Feb., Thereafter to exoner and discharge 
him of his office and management as judicial factor. 

Exo'nerate, pf. Obs. exc. arch. Also 6 
exoneratt. [ad. L. exonerat-us, pa. pple. of 
exonerare:; see next.] Used as pa. pple. of 
next. 

1528 in Burnet //7st¢. Ref. 11. 83 How may his Holiness find 
his Conscience towards God exonerate. 1546 in Vicary’s 
Anat. (1888) App. viii. 219 [They] shalbe clerely exoneratt 
& dyscharged of beryng eny maner of Armour. 1621 Botton 
Stat. Irel. 275 (an. 2 Eliz.) To be cleerly exonerate, ac- 
quited, and aceaeaes 1868 LoweLt Willows in Amer. 
Poems (Routl.) 372 By right of birth exonerate from toil. 

Exonerate (egzpnéreit), v. Also 6-7 -at.  [f. 
L, exonerat- ppl. stem of exonera-re, f.ex- (see Ex- 
pref) +oner-, onus burden, Cf, Fr. exonérer.] 

1. trans. To take off a burden from; to relieve 
of (a burden, material or immaterial) ; to unload, 
lighten (a ship); also humorously, to ‘relieve’ 
(a person) of his money. Now rare. 

1524 Hen. VIII. in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. App. xiii. 30 Dis- 
charging or exonerating their galeis, 1566 Painter Pad. 
Pleas. 1, 46 [They] haue prayed to God to be exonerated of 
loue, aboue all other diseases. 1615 T. Apams Sfir. Navi- 
gator 34 He strives to exonerate his shoulders. a@ 
Crarman Bacchus 110 Exonerate Our sinking vessel of his 
deified lode. 1637 Bastwick Litany ut. 13 ag would 
quickly exonerate their families of them. Pp. Rey- 
notps Passions xxi. 218 It exonerateth the mind of all those 


—— Indispositions. 1785 Burke Sf. Nabob Arcot’s 
Debts Wks, 1V. 308 The debt thus exonerated of so great a 
weight of its odium. 


1798 WeLuNGTon in Owen Disf. 29 
Success would certainly exonerate our finances. 1 

Syp. Smitn Plymiley’s Lett. x, Be exonerated of his ready 
money and his constitution. 

+2. To discharge the contents of (the body, an 
organ), esp. by evacuation. Zo exonerate nature, 
oneself: to relieve the bowels. Ods. 

1542 Boorve Dyetary viii. (1870) 248 And exonerate your 
ot ot all ote vad fr ce id pokey Ibid, xxx. 293 
To exonerat the blader and the bely whan _nede shall re- 
quyre. 1615 G, Sanvys 7rav. 65 They sit all the day long, 
vnlesse they rise to exonerate nature, 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. 149 (rhey] over-load their mouthes .. and by a sud- 
den laughter exonerate their chaps. 1710 T. Futter Pharm. 
Extemp. 322 Cachectic Pills .. the Habit of the 
Body. Health & Longevity 269 The bowels .. ought 
to be exonerated at least once in two days. 

+b. intr. for ref. Obs. 


1631 R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xiii. § 1. 178 Over- 
charged .. till they. .exonerate as a Wolfe or , too full 


orged, with Carion. 1704 J. Pirts Relig. & Mann, Ma- 
tans iv. 25 These Moors. .accounting it a great piece 

of Rudeness to exonerate in the sight of another. B. 
SriLtincFL. Econ. Nat. Misc. Tracts 123 Care is taken that 


ld 


these upon st etc. 
+3. ref. Of a lake, river, sea, etc, also of a blood- 


EXOPHTHALMIC. 


vessel: To empty itself, its waters, or contents; 
to disembogue, di . Obs. : 

1g98 Hakvuyrt Voy. I. 113 Neither did this riuer exonerate 
i into any sea. 1635 Jackson Creed vin. xx. Wks. VIII, 
43 We all meet in the main or ocean whereinto this psalm 
and others do exonerate themselves. 1659 MACALLO Can. 
Physick 25 The oe Veines. .do exonerate themselves into 
the little. 1715 Hattey in Phil. Trans. XX1X. 298 That 
See da Pasta, pote wich npn ot Ticicace Cony Sas 


> ye To discharge ff (a fluid 
rans. &. TO , pour off (a fui 
product, a body of water). b. To cast off, get rid 
of (persons, population). Ods. rare. 


a. Crooxe Me It [the bile] is .. ex- 
comand baie Gendindl elated oie oc holive selon 


N. Carre: 
the een, Sear a +. sea is to 
vans. VII. The Li does wholly 
exonerate itself into the su vial jugular veins. 
b. 1614 Rateicn Hist. World t. viii. § 4 These lerers 


tion, ment, task, etc.). 
La mae tree, ) 


Rpg cman & hat th 

the great es, travayles when, t ey now were 
in. ¢1555 Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII. (1878) 25 Would 
God Sir Thomas Moore .. exonerated and discharged 
me of this my pains & labour. 1692 Lond. Gaz. No. 2786/3 
To exonerate and discharge them from all Arrears of 
Hearth-money. 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs India Wks. 1842 
II. 62 Mr. Hastings. .offered to exonerate the company from 
that ‘charge’. 1835 I. Tayior Sir. Desfot. ii. 75 A body 
of clergy exonerated of all solicitude. 1851 Ord. Regul. 
R. Engineers ii.2 Commanding Royal Engineers will not ex- 
onerate any Officers. .from the performance of such Duties. 

6. To free from blame; to exculpate; also, to 
relieve from the blame or burden of; to relieve 
or set free from (blame, reproach). 

1575 CHURCHYARD Chifpes (1817) 40 That lord Oxford might 
kelodaced. .to nee Cee H. L’Estrance 
Chas. I. (1655) 21 Nothing would prevail, nor would the 
Duke be exonerated. 1678 R. Barciay Afol. Quakers v. 
§ 12. 136 Such a season..sufficiently exonerateth God of 
ev Man's Condemnation. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. 1. 

34 To exonerate myself of a greater crime. 1825 Map. 
PAsnay Diary 1. 561 To exonerate her from the banal 
reproach of yielding isting to her passi a R. 

. Hamitton Rew. & Punishm. viii. 49 Do we seek to ex- 
onerate His justice.. by the denial His faithfulness? 
1884 Par Eustace 187, 1 won't the Gov 

Exoneration (egzgnéré\'fon). _ [ad. L. exon- 
eration-em, n. of action f. exonerare: see prec.] 
The action of exonerating. 

+1. The action of disch arging or relieving the 
contents of the bowels, etc.; evacuation; the ac- 
tion of disburdening nature. Const. of. Ods. 

165: Hospes Leviath. 1. vi. 24 (appetites) are born 
with men; as. . Appetite of excretion and exoneration. 1701 
Grew Cosm. Sacra i. iv. 116 The body is adapted unto 
Eating, Drinking, Nutrition, Coition, other ways of Re- 

letion and Exoneration. 1727 A.Hamitton New Acc.E.Jnd. 

. xi. 123 In each Cabbin, 1s a Kitchin and a for Ex- 
oneration. 1784 Hentey in Beckford's Vathek (1868) 137 
note, The ablution and prayer indispensably required on t 
exoneration of nature. a b+ 

2. The action of disburdening or relieving, or 
the state of being relieved from a duty, office, 
obligation, payment, etc,; also, from blame or 
reproach ; an instance of this, a formal discharge. 
Const. of. In Sc. Law: see EXONER. 

1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min, Bk, (1855) 90 And 
the coppie thairof delyverit to thame for thair exoneratione. 
1641 in Rushw. Hist. Cold. 11. (1692) I. 372 To receive ac- 
SS ta 
ul E hj. 201 con- 
conten ie exoneration of the Kings subjects from exactions 
and impositions. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. 
x. (1848, ang Papers had been prepened by ee 
of Estate and Kirk for their exoneration, 1866 Times 6 Aug. 
Advt., A Process of Multiplepoinding and Exoneration has 


Exonerative (egznérativ), a. [f. L. exonerat- 
J]. stem of exonerare oe EXONERATE) + -IVE.] 
ending to give relief (from an obligation). _ 
1819 in Topp. 1875 Posts Gaius 1. Introd. (ed. 2) 3 Title 
..isany fact Collative or Privative of a Right and Impositive 
or Exonerative of an Obligation. 
ttor (egzp’néreitoz). [a. late L. ex- 
onerator, agent-n. f. exonerare: see EXoNERATE.] 
One dg pray en ad 
ORCESTER 
{ Ramavatan (egseatrl tas), Law. Obs. [i Le 
a let ence discharged, a ° 
. subj. passive of exonerare; see EXONERATE ¥. 
igs atey waa upon the poral sees render 
of a defendant to prison in discharge of his bail 
(Wharton Zaw Lex. ae 
1824 Bincuam & 108? nd Court..refused to enter 
an exoneretur on 
Exoneural,-pathic, -phagous: see Exo-pre/. 
thalmia. [mod.L. f, EXOPHTHALMUS.] 
= EXOPHTHALMUS. 


1721-1800 in Baitey ; whence in mod. Dicts, 
thalmic (eks; Imik), a. Path. [f. 
EXoPHTHALM-US + -I¢.] Of, pertaining to, or cha- 
racterized by exophthalmus. 


1878 T, Bryant t. Surg. 1. 191 The exophthalmic 


EXOPHTHALMUS. 


oitre. .or Basedow's disease. 1889 Med. ¥rn/.28 Sept. 720/2 
apid action of the heart—in exophthalmic goitre. 
xophthalmus, -os (eksjpfbclmés, -ps). 
Path. [mod.L., a Gr. e&épOadrpos, f. é out + dp- 
Oadpds eye.] Protrusion of the eye-ball. 
1872 Darwin Emotio: us vi. 162 Dr. Gunning has lately re- 


corded a case of exoph in q of w We 
cough, 1876 tr. We ’s Gen. Pathol. 565 Exophthalmus 
is constantly present in suffocation. 

Exophtha‘lmy. Anglicized f. ExopuTHatMta. 

1706 in Purtiirs (ed. Kersey); whence in mod. Dicts. 

ophyllous, -plasm, -podite: see Exo- pref. 

+ Exo'pt, v. Obs. rare—'.  [ad. L. exoft-are, f. 
ex- (see Iix- pref.1) + optare to wish.] ¢vans. To 
wish or desire greatly. 

1548 Forrest Pleas. Poesye 66a, [‘The goods of the world’ 
induce] the soone withe the father also to mache, By vttre 
diffiaunce his deathe to exopte. . 

+ Exo'ptable, 2. Ods.—° [ad. L. exoptabilis, 
f. exoptdre : see Exopt.] To be desired or wished. 

1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1818 in 
Topp; whence in mod. Dicts. 

+ Exo'ptate, v. Ods.—° [f. L. exoptat- ppl. 
stem of exopta-re.] trans. To desire earnestly. 

‘= in Cotes, 1721-1800 in BarLey. ; 

+ Exopta‘tion. Ods. [as if ad. L. *exoptation- 
em, n. of action f. exoptare to long: see Exopt.] 
The fact or state of earnestly ey 4 

1633 T. Apams Z.xf. 2 Peter iil. 18 The former is by way 
of seasinten, the other by way of exoptation. 1721-1800 
in Bartey ; 1847 in Craic. 

optile : see Exo- pref. 

E:xorabi'lity. [f.next+-17y.] The quality 
or condition of being exorable. 

1871 R. Exxis Catudlus ciii. 2 The sesterces all, give back. . 
Silo, Then be a bully beyond exorability, you. 

Exorable (eksérab’l), a. Now rare. [ad. L. 
exdrabilis, f. exordre: see next. Cf. Fr. exoradble.] 

1. Capable of being moved by entreaty, acces- 
sible to entreaty. 

er Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 259 For he is exorable, 
and hath no pleasure in the death of a Sinner. 1641 W. 
Cartwricut Ordinary u.i, A Usurer is somewhat exorable 
When he is full. a 1694 Tittotson Serm. xxxi. (1742) II. 
356 They shall address themselves to the mountains and 
rocks, as being more pitiful and exorable than he. 1788 V. 
Knox Winter Even. II. vu. i. 8 Death, whom no arts can 
render exorable, disappointed his ambition. 1867 Contemp. 
Rev. VI. 371 Entreaty was for the exorable, and it failed ; 
action for the inexorable, and it succeeded. 

+2. In active sense: Effectualin entreaty. Obs. 
[Cf. L. exorabile carmen.] 

1574 HeLttowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1579) 361 Good 
workes be more exorable vnto God than holy desires. 

Hence E’xorableness, the condition or quality 
of being accessible to entreaty. 

1642 Rocers Naaman 55 A spirit of mildnesse, mercie, 
exorablenesse and easinesse to beintreated. 1679 J. Goop- 
MAN Penit. Pardon. 1. i. (1713) 2 The exorableness of a 
Father upon his Son’s submission. 1730-6 in Batty (folio). 

+ Evxorate, v. Ods. [f. L. exdrat- ppl. stem 
of exdrare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref-)) + drare to pray.] 

1. trans. a. To request earnestly, implore. b. 
To prevail upon (a person) by entreaty. 

1599 Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. Prol., Let a poore schol- 
ler implore and exerate [sic] that you would make him riche 
in the possession of a mite of your favours. c 1600 Timon 
u. iv. (1842) 32 Let it, O lett it bee lawfull for mee. .to orate 
and exorate. 1 H. L’Estrance Chas. J. (1655) 21 No- 
thing could prevail, nor would the duke be exorated. 

2. To obtain by request. 

1623-6 in CocKERAM. 

+ Exora‘tion, Ods. [ad. L. exdration-em, n. 
of action f. exdrare: see ExoraTE.] The action 
of beseeching or entreating ; an entreaty. 

1609 Brs.e (Douay) Ecclus. xvi. 12 Mightie [is] exoration, 
and powring out wrath. 1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle vi. 2511, 
I leave thee with my best exoration For thy most speedy .. 
reformation, @ 1625 Fretcuer Love's Cure v. iil, Deafe 
to your cries : and Marble To all impulsive exorations. 

+ Exo'rb, v. Ods. fo L. ex(s)orb-ére to suck 
bg f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) + sorbére to suck.] trans. 

‘o suck up or out. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou’s Disp. 720 Alwayes agitating them 
till the whole humour be exorbed. i 

+ Exorrbeate, v. Obs. [f. L. ex(s)orbe-re (see 
Exons) +-ATE3.] ¢vans. To swallow up, engulph. 


1623 in CocKERAM II. 

Exo'rbital, a. [f. Ex- pref.1+ Orpir + -at.] 
Outside the orbit. 

1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. 553 For the determination 
of the exorbital protrusion of the eye-bal ls 

Exorbitance (egz‘sbitans). Also 7-8 exh-. 

f. EXORBITANT: see -ANCE. Cf. Fr. exorbitance.] 

he quality or condition of being exorbitant. 

+1. Divergence or aberration from the prescribed 
or ordinary track ; eccentricity, irregularity, ano- 
maly, or an instance of these. Also, aberration 
of mind; an attack of insanity. Ods. or arch. 

1631 Preston Life Eternal (1634) 26 Now, whence comes 
this uneven walking, this exorbitance of the wheeles. 1663 
J. Spencer Prodigies 133 All these exorbitances in Na- 
ture serve to foil and set off the general beauty... of its 
Works. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. x1. 373 The first 
exorbitance [in a case of mania] was very violent and lasted 
for wr pon 1685 Boye Eng. Notion Nat. 149, I shall 

OL. . 


417 


not. .mention those Grand Anomalies, or Exorbitances. 1707 
Fiover Physic. Pulse-Watch 186 By the Pulse we find by 
what Method we must regulate all Exorbitances. 1842 
De Quincey Philos. Herodotus Wks. 1X. 208 Our growing 
exorbitance from our limits warns us to desist. 

2. Divergence from the right path ; transgression 
of law or morality; misconduct, lawlessness, crimin- 
ality; an instance of the same. arch. 

161r Sreep Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. § 58 A project ..so 
execrable, as well may justifie King Johns exorbitances. 
@ 6x8 Syivester St. Lewis 324 Eyes deep-vail’d with Ig- 
norance Or Knowledge stained with Sinnes Exorbitance. 
1632 MAssincer City Madam 1. i,’Tis strange my master 
.. can Give the reins to such exorbitance. 1663 GERBIER 
Counsel Dvb, Beware of ill Builders..since by their exor- 
bitances, happen many irreparable accidents. 1 Hist. 
Europe in Ann. Reg. 32/2 A picture. .sullied with the most 
dreadful exhorbitances. 1810 Scott Lady of L. un. xxviii. 
Joot-n., The Border robbers .. had committed many exor- 
bitances. 1850 Grote Greece u. lv. (1862) V. 30 Such 
ger exorbitances of behaviour. 

. Excessiveness, extravagance; an instance of 
this. Now chiefly, outrageous excessiveness, of 
demands, charges, prices, estimates, etc. 

1 Mra. Ormonp in Carte Life (1735) III. 470 To 
heighten the exhorbitance of their expectations and de- 
mands. 1706 Gartu Disfens. (ed. 6) 11. 19 They riot still, Un- 
bounded in Exorbitance of Ill. 1793 Be. Horstey Serm, 
(1824) I. 198 The barriers. .against.. the exorbitance of licen- 
tiousness.. will soon be borne down. 1845 M¢eCuttocu Taxa- 
tion 1, V. (1852) 212 The exorbitance of the duties on tea and 
tobacco, 1868 Browninc Ring § Bk. x. 186 The exorbitance 
Of sin in this one sinner. 1884 Law Rep. 26 Chanc. Div. 240 
The exorbitance of Hobson's charge for collecting the debts. 

Exorbitancy (egz/‘1bitansi). [f ExorBITanr: 
see -ANcY.] The quality of being exorbitant. 

= ExorBiTaANcE 1. Now rare. Also, }an 


irrational opinion. 

1621 W. ScLaTeR 7 ythes (1623) 103 Exorbitancie enough 
from the primary rule of assignement to Parish Churches. 
1649 Mitton Zikon. xxvi. 468 That planetary motion, that 
unblamable exorbitancy. 1672 Phil. Trans. VII. 5126 ‘To 
suppose ..an infinite profundity of the Stellar Sphere: an 
Exorbitancy not to be admitted. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. 
Man, 1, iii. 265 This witty Man..hath somewhat rectified 
the exorbitancy of Epicurus. 1879 H. N. Hupson Hamlet 
13 Frequent displays of mental exorbitancy. 

+ 2. = EXxoRBITANCE 2. Ods. 

1619 W. ScraTter Exp. 1 Thess. (1627) II. Ep. Ded. 4 In- 
formation of exorbitancy in some particulars of the Church. 
1647 CLARENDON Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 29/1 The exorbitancy 
of the house of commons. . proceeded principally from their 
contempt of thelaws. 1658 Be. L. Womock £.xam. Tilenus 
4o There are sins..as in blasphemie..wherein the act is 
not to be distinguished from the exorbitancie. 1670 G. H. 
Hist. Cardinals 1. u. 58 Any Treatise that .. rebukes the 
Exorbitancy of their Lives. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3795/3 
His. .zealous Endeavour to curb the Exorbitancy of France. 

3. (Cf. ExorpiTant A. 4). @. = EXORBITANCE 3. 
+b. Disposition to exceed one’s rights ; excessive 
greed or rapacity ; an instance of this (0ds.). 

@ 1638 Meve Was. (1672) Gen. Pref., I..am..far from in- 
terpreting your Love Exorbitancy. 1653 A. WILSON Jas. J 
102 The exorbitancy of the new buildings about the City.. 
being a shelter for them. 1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 
8x Gout .. roused up from the exorbitancy of a spurious 
acid ferment in the ultimate digestion. 1674 Govt. Tongue 
vii. (1684) 168 This monstrous exorbitancy of discourse. 
1722 Sewet Hist. Quakers Pref. (1795) I. 14 The exor- 
bitancies to which some launched out. 1749 Nusnbers 
in Poet. Comp, 26 One can hardly imagine the Antients 
could have run into.. Exorbitancies in protracting their 
Rhythms. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) II. 363 The 
exorbitancy of the Romans swallowing up their neigh- 
bouring nations one after another. 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs 
India Wks. 1842 I1. 23 A system of restraint on the exor- 
bitancies of their servants. 3179 W. Maxwe t in Boswell 
Sohnson (1831) I. 381 Who knows any real sufferings [from 
love] more t! from the exorbitancy of any other passion? 
1803 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Disf. II. 386 From the exorbi- 
tancy of that [duty] in particular levied at Collun. 1877 
Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser. 11. 375 Divested of all the exor- 
bitancies of his spirit and his style. 

Exorbitant (egzpubitant), az. and sb. Also 
6 exorbytant, 6-8 exhorbitant, -ent. [ad. late 
L. exorbitant-em, pr. pple. of exorbitare to go out 
of the track, f. ex- out + orbita wheel-track : see 
Orsit, Cf. Fr. exorbitant.) A. adj. 

+1. Leaving a specified track; deviating from 
a specified rule or principle. Of remarks, discus- 
sions, etc.: Wandering from the subject, irrele- 
vant. Ods. 

1534 Wuitinton Tudlyes Offices 1. (1540) 46 Suche play as 
is not exorbytant fro the exercyse of honesty. 1599 Brough- 
ton's Lett. ix. 30 A..government, exorbitant from the milde 
course of law and iustice. 1607 TopsELL Four. Beasts (1673) 
399 Having..mentioned such a story, it is not exorbitant to 
add in one word other fictions. 1644 Jessop Angel of Eph. 
z How exorbitant from this rule the practices of our Pre- 
lates have been. 1674 Owen Holy Sfirit (1693) 45 Exor- 
bitant from the Principles of Nature. 

+b. Projecting, salient. Ods. 

1714 Deruam Astro-theol. v. v. (1769) 144 [Had the earth 
been square] they must have been .. retarded. .by the exor- 
bitant angles. 

2. Deviating from the normal, prescribed, or 
customary track. +a. Of movements, conduct, 
etc.: Eccentric, erratic, irregular (ods.) 

16r3 Dantet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 67 Strong raines to 
hold him in, from all exorbitant courses. 1654 H. L’Estrance 
Chas. I (1655) 35 The Commons when they see such a 
Blazing-star in course so exorbitant..cannot but look upon 
it. 1673 Lady’s Call. 1. § 1.5 The vanity of wit.,has no 


EXORBITANT. 


where a more free and exorbitant range than in censuring 
and deriding. 

b. [After use of exorbitans in Roman Law.] Of 
cases, offences, etc.: Anomalous, not coming within 
the intended scope of a law. Of powers, privi- 
leges, enactments: Abnormal, not in accordance 
with general principle. 

¢1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 47 What sume 
thay [the king’s charges] be not like to excede, but if. .ther 
fal a Case over much exorbitant. 1594 Hooker Eccé. Pol. 
111. xi, (1611) 114 Causes exorbitant, and such as their lawes 
had not provided for. 1675 [cf. 4 a]. @1754 FIELDING 
Charge to Grand Fury Wks. 1784 X. 161 The punishment 
..is fine or imprisonment; and if the case be exorbitant, by 
pillory and loss of ears. 1756 NuGent Montesguieu's Spir. 
Laws (1758) I. 1. iii. 1g A magistrate invested with an ex- 
orbitant power. 1832 AusTIN JYurispr. (1879) II. gog 
Though the law and the right are ‘exorbitant’ or ‘ec- 
centric’, /éid. II, 981 They are mere anomalies: exor- 
bitant or irregular commands. 

+e. Aberrant from the common type, mon- 

strous, abnormal. Oés. 
_ 1607 Torseit Four. Beasts (1673) 358 The colour of Lions 
is generally yellow, for these before spoken of, black, white 
and red, are exorbitant. 1662 GEeRBIER Princ. 23 Those 
passions become the originall causes of exorbitant Features 
and Forms. 

+d. Of an insane person or his condition: Ex- 
travagant, frantic, wild. Ods. 

1667 Phil. Trans. 11.620 We found him [a madman] some- 
what less exorbitant. 1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. 11. 11. i. 
(1852) 358 The wretch continued in an exorbitant frame for 
a few days. 

+ 3. Forsaking, or apt to forsake, the right path; 
erring, faulty, transgressing, trespassing. Ods. 

1556 LAupDER 7yactate 195 Raisand gret derth, exhorbitent 
Aganis 3our actis of Parliament. 15.. Sir H. Sipney in 
Ussher's Lett. (1686) App. 25 That thou, entring into this 
exorbitant Age, mayest be..prepared to shun those courses. 
1605 B. Jonson Volfone iv. vi, I haue..transgrest Against 
the dignitie of the court..And beene exorbitant. @ 1638 
Mepe Disc, Prov. iv. 23 Wks. 1. 203 We must resist and 
crush every exorbitant thought which draws to sin. 1640 

Bp. Hatt Chr. Moder. 8/2 The very patriarchs and princes 
of God’s peculiar people were palpably exorbitant in this 
kind. 1649 Mitton £ikon. Pref., The people exorbitant 
and excessive in all thir motions. @1716 BLacka.t I} %s. 
(1723) I. 98 Over-rule their exorbitant Passions, 

4. Exceeding ordinary or proper bounds. a. Go- 
ing to excess in any action or quality. Of actions, 
appetites, desires, etc.: Excessive, immoderate. avch. 
Now with stronger sense: Grossly or flagrantly ex- 
cessive. 

1621 Burton Anat. Med. 1, ii. 1. xi, Appetites both good 
..if they be moderate, both pernitious if they be exorbitant. 
1622-62 HEYLIN Cosmogy. 1. (1673) 58/2 They had formerly 
been exorbitant in the worship of Idols. 1659 WHARTON 
Disc. Astrol, Wks. (1683) 185 The exorbitant Practice of 
frequent Blood-letting. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince xvii. 
(Rtldg. 1883) 104 Exorbitant mercy has an ill effect. 1719 
J. Richarpson Science Connoisseur 147 Some are Exorbi- 
tant in the Praises of what Themselves Possess, 1802 Paty 
Nat. Theol. xxvi. (1826) 389 The exorbitant multiplication 
of some troublesome insects. 1853 HerscHEL Pof. Lect. 
Sc. ii. § 21 (1873) 63 The excessive, exorbitant prodigality 
of diffusion of the sun’s light and heat. 1871 BrowninG 
Balaust. 282 They wondered strangers were exorbitant In 
estimation of Euripides. ; 

+b. Exceeding one’s rights, encroaching. Ods. 

1631 WEEVER Ac. Fun. Mon. 790 By the exorbitant autho- 
ritie of the Pope, this election was disanulled. a 1635 
Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 45 My Lord of Essex..was 
so exorbitant in the limitation of the Soveraign aspect. 

ce. Of a price, rate, stipulation, demand, claim, 
etc.: Grossly excessive. 

1670 R. Coxe Disc. Trade 24 The Exorbitant Impositions 
of the King of Denmark. 1722 De For Moll Flanders 
(1840) 845 Nor were his conditions exorbitant. 1729 FRANK- 
tin Ess. Wks. 1840 II. 255 To restrain men from giving and 
receiving exorbitant interest. 1781 Gipson Dec/. §& /. II. 
xlvi. 721 He exhausted their wealth by exorbitant tributes. 
1836 W, Irvine Astoria III. 159 The Indians. .raised the 
price of horses to an exorbitant rate. 1860 Kincstry JZisc. 
II. 205 The landlord can obtain an exorbitant rent. 1875 
thd Plato (ed, 2) 1. 385 The informers..are far from 

eing exorbitant in their demands. 1879 M. ArNoLp /7ish 
Catholicism Mixed Ess. 126 To advance pretensions the 
most exorbitant. 

d. Of power, wealth, etc.: Overgrown, enor- 


mous, excessive. arch. 
1648 Nicholas Papers (Camden) I. 116, I hold Lord Jermins 
. power as vast and exorbitant. 1693 Locke Educ. § 7 An 
exorbitant fortune. c1771 J. FLetcHer Check iv. Wks. 1795 
III. 12 Your favourite doctrines. . would lose their exorbitant 
influence. 1816 F. H. Naytor Hist. Germany 1. 1. ix. 362 
Prescribing bounds to the exhorbitant power of Austria. 
e. Of a material object, an outline, or surface : 
Disproportionately large, excessive in any dimen- 
sion; in mod. use, outrageously or extravagantly 


large. Also fig. arch. 

1662 GerBier Princ. 9 Those exorbitant Chimney-Shafts. 
1667 E. CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit. 1. ut. x. (1743) 228 The 
exorbitant extent and compass of Parishes. 1688 R. Hotme 
Armoury 1. 382/1 The exorbitant and over-burnt Wick in 
acandle. 1709 SACHEVERELL Sev. 15 Aug. 15 This Over- 
grown, this xorbitant Sinner. 1711 SHaFTeEsB. Charac.u. 
iv. (1737) II. 303 Its chief Bulk being compos’d of two exor- 
bitant Muscles. 1843 CarLyLE Past. § Pr. (1858) 169 With 
exorbitant breast-pin. 1863 Gro. Euiot Romola eased I. 

The exorbitant line of the Pitti [palace] roof [at Florence] 
is hidden from San Miniato. i : 

+B. sb. One who or something which exceeds 


proper limits. Obds. rare. 
63 


EXORBITANTLY. 


1626 W. SciaTEr | Exp, 2 rigs ye 277 Hienapettes 
exorbitants b UEorn Sogheare 
LU’ against CG ZI m7 bss) 


continue in aons H. 
a, His oe Recs justice ex- 


tants. ne — pote 135 Hepes hee ta 
exorbitants of an ungoverned 
Exorbitantly (egep-abitantli), adv. [f. prec. 
+-Ly2,] In an exorbitant manner or degree ; at 
an exorbitant rate. 
a ws — Serm. Fohn xiv. 11 Affections are. .raised 
and exorbitantly. 1668 CLARENDON Cov- 
temp. Ps oT racts (1727) 604 Udi the power..so exorbi- 
tantly. 1693 Concreve Doub, i ale os m1. x, The old fat 
fool that paints soexorbitantly. 1711 Vind. Sacheverell 20, 
I know you to be exorbitantly wicked. 1837 Syp. Smirx 
Let. Singleton Wks. 18 na 257/1 Incomes. .exorbitantly 
and absurdly great. 1864 ARLYLE Lett. III. 220, I get 
plenty of cream, quite saat paying for it oppaenet 
Exorbitate (egz/'1biteit), v. Obs. or arch. [f. 
L. exorbitat- ppl. stem of exorbitare: see EX- 
ORBITANT.] zz¢r. To deviate from the usual course ; 


to stray. 

1600 Asp. ABBoT = Yonah 116 We are ready to exorbi- 
tate. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. 1. (ed. 2) 5 The Law 
..ought to bridle him [the King] when he exorbitates from 
the Law. 1643 Hunton Treat. Monarchy 1. iv. (1689) 28 
If one exorbitate, Lgl ted of restraint..should be in the 
rest. 1651 Smit in Fudler’s Abel Rediv. 572 Such as least 
exorbitate [printed exoribitate] from the 
Church of Rome. 1671 H. Stusse Reply 31 When other 
Mens Flatteries did thus Exorbitate, etc. 

b. Of heavenly bodies: To deviate from the 
usual orbit; to follow an erratic course. 

1693 Bentley A theism viii. 12 They would .. sometimes 
have exorbitated beyond the distance of Saturn. 1747 HEr- 
vey Medit. 11. 231 The heavenly bodies would exorbitate into 
wild confusion. 1817 CoLerince Biog. Lit. 22 To describe 
the earth as in imminent danger of exorbitating. 

Hence + Exo'rbitating A//. a. 

1632 Litxcow 7rav. x. 487 No inference can prye, nor 
strange illation prooue, In your exorbitating [fr7nted exor- 
bitanting] braines, my period I did mooue. 1644 Hunton 
Vind. Treat. Monarchy vii. 55 Parliament [is]..bound to 
resist. .the destruction of liberties, by exorbitating Princes. 
1659 H. More /mmort, Soul (1662) 175 Rather the work of 
Art then of ‘exorbitating Nature. 

Exorbitation (egzpabité! ‘fen). ad. L. ex- 
orbitation-em, n. of action f. exorbitare: see Ex- 
ORBITATE.] Deviation from the usual path or 
track ; an instance of the same. 

a 1628 Preston New Covt. (1634) 200 If there be an exor- 
bitation of the line..it is not straight. 
Doctr. Sabb, 172 The exorbitation of discipline. 1635 Hey- 
woop Hierarch. 1.12 os are..an Exorbitation and bring- 
ing out of Square. 7 De Quincey Wks. (1862) VIT. 
76 No deliberative y would less have tolerated such 
philosophic exorbitations from public business. 

Exorcise : see Exorcize. 


+ Exorcision. 0és. rare. 
ORCIZE Uv. + -ION.] = EXoRcisM. 

1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. ii. 13 And that 
is as now of the exorcysyon. 

Exorcism (e'ks/isiz’m, egzp'asiz ’m). Forms: 
5-7 exorcisme, (4- 5 exorsism, 6 exorcysme, 
-cyme), 5- exorcism. [ad. late L. exorcism-us, 
a. Eccl. Gr. efopxiapos, f. éfopxicewv ; see EXoRcIze. 
Cf. Fr. exorcisme. 

In this and the related words Johnson and nearly all later 
Dicts. mark the stress on the first syllable; but the second 
pronunciation is often heard, esp. in erorcize, which other- 
wise is liable to confusion with exercise.) 

1. The action of exorcizing or expelling an evil 
spirit by adjuration or the performance of certain 
rites; an instance of this. 

? In 5a har misused for exorcist. 

= E. Allit. P. B. 1 579 Sorsers & exorsismus & fele 
such clerkes. c 1450 Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthb. (Surtees) 
3815 Be be vertu of exorcisme. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men 
(W. de W. 1506) 1. ii. 14 And that suffyseth as now of the 
exorcysme & cathecysme. 7502 Veron Godly Saiyngs (1846) 

4 Ye did give your names, & began to a ground with 
Meatinres & exorcymes. 164 Mitton Reform. 1. (1851) 3 
— was Baptisme chang’d into a kind of exorcisme. 

Warsurton Doctr. Grace u. v. Wks. (1811) VIII. 336 
1 evince these great Truths, seems to have been the end 
both of Possessions and of the Exorcisms. 1818 Byron 
Ch. Har. w.xxiv, The spectres whom no exorcism can 
bind. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur, ae! ut, 872 An exorcism 
against nyt devildom Which plainly h 1879 FARRAR 

Ke Paul 1. 492 The calm authoritative exorcism restored 
the robes harmony of her being. 

+ b. improperly. The action of calling up spirits; 
the ceremonies observed for that purpose; con- 
juration. Obs. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, But moste she wrought by 
Ercrmencrs With exorsismes and_conjuracions. 1593 
Suaxs. 2 Hen. V/,1. iv. 5 Will her Lad ip behold 
heare our Exorcismes? 1602 Dexxer Satiromastix 183 
This ghost of Tucca .. was raised up (in print) by new Ex- 
— a1652 J. Smitn Sed. Disc. ii. 37 This root of 

rstition .. branched forth .. into ic and exorcisms. 
. A formula me in exorcizin; 

1580 Bate A found an olde bish ordy- 
nary or boke Pheer exorcismes for church halowinges, etc. 
165t Honpes Leviath. 1. xliv. 339 The same Exorcisme is 
repeated once more, x7§t Smottetr Per. Pic. (1779) 1. 
xxxiv. 306 Morgan..began to utter exorcisms with = 

ere, 


[f. exorcise, Ex- 


— .Youne Centaur (1757) IV. vi. 251 
then, I shall begin my exorcism. Its words must be ——- 
and barbarous, suited to the occasion. 1816 Scorr Ant: 


xxv, Fortified with. .as many exorcisms as his memory cou! id 
recover, he advanced, 


loctrine..of the | 


1631 R. ByFretp | 


418 


+b. An imprecatory oath. Ods. 
1601 HoLLanp tags II. 225 That prescript forme of exor- 
cisme, whereby the t , both the father and sonne, 
becooke tihemseiues to all Gas Galli Surien: 
Hence Exorci'smal a., pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, exorcism. 
1887 Fortn. Rev. May 740 The exorcismal practices of the 


c ‘. 

‘Bxorei-sory, a. [f. exorcise, EXORCIZE + -ORY.] 

ing to exorcize. 

7836 Howarp R. Reefer xliv, The exorcisory cantation 
of the previous night. 

Exorcist (eks/isist, egzj'ssist). Forms: 4-6 
exorciste, (6 exerciste), 6- exorcist. [ad. late 
L. exorcista, ad. Gr. topmorns, f. tfopxifear: see 
Exorcrze. Cf. Fr. exorczste.] One who exorcizes. 

1. One who drives out evil spirits by solemn 
adjuration, etc. 

1382 bade ig xix. 13 Summe of the Iewis exorcistis, or 
coniureris. =e ELDEN Laws Eng. 1. x. (1739) 18 Exor- 
cists, that se’ to dispossess such as were possessed by the 


Devil. 1774 PENNANT Tour Scot. in 1772. Boi The exorcist 
was called in to drive away these evil H. 
Rocers Ecl. Faith 86 A dumb demon, awaits to find a 


pyrene 2 the summons of an exorcist. 
7 ‘Rita’ Vivienne ui. viii, Hard work is the 
here vn for dark hours and painful memories. 
b. spec. The third of the four lesser orders in 
the Roman Catholic Church. Cf. Bener. 

1560 Becon Catech. Wks. (1564) 462 The exorciste must 
cast out devils, & say unto the ——. that all suche as 
wyll not communicate, must d go awaye. 1579 
Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 245 Aco sive exercistes, readers, 
etc. 1642 Jer. Taytor Efisc. (1647) 174 The office. .of an 
exorcist. .[is] no way dependent on the office of a deacon. 
1844 Lincarp Anglo Sax. Ch, (1858) I. iv. 133 We soon meet 

. with. .exorcists. .these were ordained. 

of 2. One who calls or pretends to call up spirits 
by magical rites. Ods. 

r6or Suaks. Ful. C. u. i. 323 Thou like an Exorcist, hast 
conjur’d vp My mortified Spirit. 1621 Burton Anat. Med. 
L. iil. m1. (1651) 211 The knavish impostures of Juglers, Exor- 
cists, Mass- Priests and Mountebanks. 

3. Comb. 

1606 Sy_vester Du Bartas II. iv. 1. 454 David's sacred 
Ditty. .Exorcist-like chac’t Nature’s cruel Foe. — 

Hence Exorci'stical a., of or pertaining to an 
exorcist or to an exorcism. 

1664 H. More Myst. /nig. xviii, And uses an Exorcistical 
form for the ejecting. 1749-51 Br. Lavincton Enthus. Me- 
thod. & a sg Mt. (e754) 185 A rare Instance of Exorcistical 
Virtue. 1827 Excursion of Village Curate 128 
Exorcistical, eavanaateal and demonological charms. 

Exorcization (ekspasaize! “fon). Forms: 4 


| exorcisacioun, -zacion, exorsisacion, -cyon, 
| -tion, 6 exorcysacyon, 6- exorcisation. [f. next 


+-ATION.] The action of exorcizing; ze. a. of 
driving out evil spirits by adjuration, etc.; +b. of 
calling up spirits by magic. 

375 Barpour Bruce tv. 750 Throu exorcizaciones, To ger 

ais to thame apeir. cx Cuaucer H, Fame mm. 173 
Old witches, sorceresses, at usen exorsisations. =— 
= Anger Men (W. de ye 13 — t 
solempnyte of exorcysacyon. 1563-87 Foxe A 7. (1596) 
467/2 The booke of exorcisation .. which is s jukied in the 
church, 1664 H. More Myst. Inig. xviii, The Priest’s Ex- 
orcization in the Names of God. .does not excuse him from 
the guilt of Enchantment. 1684 I. Matuer Remark. Pro- 
vid, (1856) 183 To cure diseases, and drive away evil spirits 
by..exorcizations, etc. 1749-51 Br. Lavincton Enthus. 
Method. § Papists i. (1754) 315 His better Friends. . have 
inserted a Prayer in the Office of Exorcization. 1856 Kane 
Arct. Expl. 11. xxv. 252 My promised exorcisation of the 
demon in his stomach, 

Exorcize, -ise (e’ks1s9iz, egzf'1s9iz), v. Also 
6 exorsize. [(? ad. Fr. exorcise-r,) ad. late L. ex- 
orcizare, ad. Gr. éfopxicay, f. & out + Spxos oath. 

Owing perh. to association with exercise, the spelling -ise 
is now almost universal ; the better form e.rorcize is marked 
in most Dicts. as obsolete.] 

1. trans. To drive away (an evil spirit) b 
invocation or use of some holy name; to call Be 
expel. Const. from, out of. 

1546 Bate Eng. Votaries 35 All pet rs ind & craftye 

- exorcysynge, incautynge 1711 STEELE 
Spect. 0. 1441 P 6 ething.. in “ns Ge Comely. «wants to 
be exorcised more than the Witches. 1850 Mrs. JAMESON 
Le Monast. Ord. (1863) 21 Touched him on the shoulder 

his staff and exorcised the demon. GLapsTonE 
Glean. IV. vi. 202 The spirit which devised it, is not exor- 
cised, either from the priesthood or the rural 

o To clear (a person or place) of evil spirits ; 

ify or set free from mali: aa influences. 
ee Evetyn Mem, (1857) 1. 178 y were. .exorcised at 
their entering the churc'! f with abundance of ceremonies. 
3 1z Appison Sfect. No. 110? 5 The Knight. peg 9 Zz 

Apartments to be flung open, and exorcised b 

Chaplain 1742 Younc Nt. Th. 1x. 1362 Exorcise his cae 
Ae a 1826 W. Jay Christian Con: ix. 
is joy exorcises a man, of carnal affection. 1848 
‘arold x1. ix. 291 Muttering hymns, monks huddled 
setae: -as if to exorcise the land of a demon. 

i To call upon (an evil spirit) with a solemn 
asseveration; to adjure. Also, to conjure up. 
Now rare, 
ate. Scor Discov. Witcher. xv. xii. 4m 1 ee jure 

doo exorcise you, by the father, by the sonne, by 
the Holy- » age .that..you doo come unto me. R. 
Honces Plain. Direct. 8 His daily exercise is to exorcise 
or adjure, 1732 Neat Hist. Purit. (1822) 1. 44 The devil 


nces, 


EXORNATION. 


was exorcised to go ant and enter no more into him. 1848 
Ns, Janeaow Scr § or Leg Art 1850 406 exorcised 


the a virgin. 

8. De Quincey toed 3872) XVI. 16 XVI. 26 Secrets of 
ie remote from each from the 
accumulated Washoe 


» de W, 1506) 1. ii. 12 But for 
perp ae crore tet is 80 


ORE oat - nchanting 
5 | ath Melin- 


venison pasty. 
Exorcize, sv. vare. [f. prec. vb.] The action 
of the vb. Exorcize. 
Tuorneury True as Steel 11.107 Let us drink to the 
exorcise of the evil spirit of treachery. 


+ Exorrd, v. Ods.—° a 'L. exord-iri: see 
Exorpium.] intr. To 

1613 in R. C. Table Alph. ( 

Exordial (egz/- sdiil), a. f. L. exordi-um+ 
-AL.) Of, ining to, or of the nature of, an 


exordium ; introductory. 
1682 Sir 7. Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 127 To undervalue 
that, unto which this is but exord wala’ - seg ounson Ram- 
bler "No. 158 P 11 If the exordial verses ot omer be com- 
pared with the rest of the poem. 1846 Sir W. Hamitton 
Diss. in Reid’s Wks. 905 But it would seem in general, that 
the exordial movement. .is also the central movement. 
+ Exorrdiate, v. Obs. [f. L. exordi-um + 
“2394 Depo intr. To utter an exordium, ae 
heria xxxix. in Arb. Garner V. 85 she .. 
Ca thee not to peace, ere thou exordiate ! 
+ Exo a. Obs. [f. Ex- pref + Or- 
DINARY.] = EXTRAORDINARY, 
160r Deacon & Wa ker Sfirits § Divels 233 The ap- 
prooued priuiledge of any exordinarie power from the Lord. 
|| Exordium (egzf'1didm). P/. exordiums, ex- 
ordia. [L. — f. exordiri to be 0 f. ex-+ 
ordiri to in.] The beginning of anything; 
esp. the ies uctory part of a discourse, treatise, 
etc. ; ‘the proemial part of a composition’ J). 
fe Etyot Gov, 1. xiv, Onely they loshaplanesies 
nnyng, called in latin Exordium.) 4 Marpeck 
Bk. of Notes 515 Saint Paule. Pie nagy aen het 


touch the arrogancie of the false Apostles. 1594 Drayton 
Idea 533 Some .. With Flames and ecard en 
diums paint. 1649 Seven Laws Eng. 1 (2739) 

_ consider them jointly, as in way of Exordium ay: 


bag ob =? in Gray's a (1775) 11 M 
intle Eclogue of about 
sixteen oy Fin hen cut off. 1838 D paper ations Nick. 
iii, With this exordium..Nickleby took a from 
his et. 1850 Grote Greece U1. lvii. (869) +133 Alki- 
biades started up forthwith—his impatience breaking loose 
from the formalities of an exordium. 
Exordize (eksfidoiz), v. rare. [f. Exorpt-vm 
+-1ZE.] intr. To make an exordium ; to begin. 
Sat. Rev. 23 Apr. ot, Mis Mr. Symons. . exordizes with 


Php decree *T have ever he 
+ Exordy. Os. An glicized f. Exonpium. 


¢€ Lypc. Bochas vu. (1 1 With an exordye 
her {9 diame. — Hors, ion ss) 4G-(Rox Roxb.) 14 With an 
“~e latyn he dide oe exp joee — etc. 
hohe v. Obs. [ad. L. exdr-dre, f. ex- (see 
Ee ee) + Orare to entreat.] trans, To be- 
revail upon by ; = Exonate. 
ot, 


> ane (1880) 54 Exorde, desirde, intreated, 


"f v. Obs. Also 5 exourn. [ad. L. ex- 
orn-dre, f. ex- (see Ex- ee: + ornare to adorn.] 
trans. To adorn, embe! EXoRNATE ¥. 
PA. 2 Mirour Saluacioun 1167 Twelve leonnceux ouer 
greces Salomones throne exourned. 1§09 pam Past. 
apy Elocusion .. The mater exorneth 
si ARPSFIELD Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) i at th he | 
pervacentets words exorned. 
Mort Gretzer. pb we o cosed' it it with 
a speciall 


+ Exo'rnate, pple. Obs. [ad. L. exornat-us, 
pa. pple. of exornare: see prec.) Adorned. 


ee re cae the matter is 
le by invencyon..And by elocucyons famous clerenes 
Exornate well, 


+ Exo'rnate, v. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of L. exor- 
ndre: see Tey ply te chem embellish. 


1539 Taverner Gard. ee ae 


1589 ps ener py eoy pxok u. (Arb.) 142 
hemimeris or halfe foote serued .. to bewtifie and 
“Ea the verse. 1656-81 in rad Glossogr. 

Exorna‘tion. Ols. [ad. L. exornation-em 
(ent Rhet. by Cicero and cius), n. of action 
f. exorndre: see Exoam.] 


EXORNATORY. 


The action of adorning, the condition of being 
adorned; decoration, embellishment. Also, an 
instance, method, or means of embellishment ; an 
adornment. Chiefly Rhet. 

1548 Upatt Erasm. Par. Luke Pref. 3a, The painted col- 
ours, and exornacions of Rethorike. 3353 T. Witson Rhet. 
go Exornacion is a gorgiousse beauti ynge of the tongue 
with borowed wordes. 1589 Warner 4/é. Eng. (1612) 331 
For the greater reuerence and exornation of the present 
solemnity. 1624 Gag for Pope 14 In the Orchards. .amongst 
other exornations and furnitures of comelines, they haue 
whole trees of Sauine. a@1640 Jackson Creed x1. xlvi. Wks. 
XI. 364 Artificial exornations, or words more choice than 
such as spring out of the matters handled. 1657 J. Smiru 
Myst. Rhet. 221 Many times repeating... but yet with other 
words. .and exornations. 

+ Exornatory, a. Obs. [f. L. exorndre: see 
EXoRNATE v. and -orYy.] Concerned with adorn- 
ment. 

oe. Tomunson Renou’s Disp. 707 The Exornatory Art. 

+ Exornify, v. Ods.—° [f. Exorn + -(1)FY.] 
trans. To deck or garnish. 

1613 in R. C. Zable Alph. (ed. 3). 

Exorrhizal, -ous: see Exo- pre/. 

+ Exorrt, v. Ods. [f. L. exort- ppl. stem of 
exorirt, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) + oriri to arise.] 
intr. To spring up, issue forth. 

a1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 107 Alle myn Aungellys .. crye 
that grace to man myghte exorte. 

Exort(e, obs. form of Exuorr. 

Exortacion, -ation, obs. ff. ExHorration. 

+ Exorrtion. Ods. [f. as if ad. L. *exortton-em, 
n. of action f. exorivi: see Exort.] The action 
of arising or (of a leaf) emerging; the point of 
emergence, 

1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. 382 Its fruits. .erupt about 
the exortion of its leafes. 

+ Exo'rtive, az. Obs-° [ad. L. exortiv-us, f. 
exoriri: see Exort.] Pertaining to the rising of 
the sun or to the east. 

1656-81 in Bount Glossogr. 1730-6 in Battery (folio). 
+Exorture. 00s. rare. [f. L. type *exortira 
f. exoriri (see Exort).] Rise, origin. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 21 Whiche [processes] rising 
also from the sides of the Vertebres, do erect their exorture 
upwardes. /ézd. 1. 32 From [the ridge of Ilium] .. flow 
Ligamentes, and the exorture of these Muscles, that con- 
stitute the buttockes. 

Exoscopic: see Exo- pref. 

+ Exo'sculate, v. Ods.—° [f. ppl. stem of L. 
exosculdri, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.1) + oscatlari to kiss, 
f. oscul-unt a kiss.] trans. To kiss heartily. 

- 1570 in Levins Manip, 1623-6 in CocKerAM. 1721-1800 
In DAILEY. 

+ Exoscula‘tion. Ods. [ad. L. exosculation- 
em, n. of action f. exosculari: see prec.] 

1. The action of ‘ exosculating’ ; a hearty kiss. 

a1s60 Brecon Displ. Pop. Mass (1637) 298, I passe over 
your. .genuflexions. .and exosculations. 1652 SparKe Priv. 
Devot. (1663) 522 Asking him forgiveness..which St. James 
expressed by prayer for him, and exosculation. 

. Anat. Anastomosis. 

1634 T. Jounson tr. Pavey’s Chirurg. ut. xi. (1678) 64 Press- 
ing the blood on both sides .. until you shall find the exos- 
culation of these vessels. 

Exoskeletal, -on: see Exo- pref. 

Exosmic (eksg:zmik), a. [f. Gr. egw (see Exo-) 
+ wopd-s (see Exosmosis) + -Ic.] ‘Of or belong- 
ing to Exosmosn’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Exosmose (ekspzmdus). Physics and Phys. 
[a. Fr. exosmose, formed by Dutrochet as if ad. 
mod.L. exdsmdsis: see next. Cf. ENDOsMOSE, 
OsmosE.] = next. 

1828 Edin. ¥rnl. Science 1X. 104 This action M, Dutro- 
chet calls exosmose or impulse oufwards, from the Greek 
words e£ out and wopos, an impulse. 1875 Darwin /x- 
sectiv. Pl. v. 82 The impairment of the leaves may be attri- 
buted to injury from exosmose. 

Jig. 1888 J. Jacoss Bidpai xxxvi, There was an exos- 
mose of ideas and tales between the literate and illiterate. 

Exosmosis (eksyzméwsis). Physics and Phys. 
[mod.L. (quasi-Gr.), f. Gr. &-w (see Exo-) + wopds 
pushing; = Exosmosz. Cf, Enposmosis.] 

The passage of a fluid ‘ outwards’ through a 
porous septum, to mix with external fluid. 

1839 Topp Cyc?. Anat. Il. 98/2 There is then a current of 
.-exosmosis which enters it [the bladder]. 1874 Jones & 
Sizv. Pathol. Anat. 406 The menstrual, and hemorrhoidal 
discharge, is rather analogous to the process, of exosmosis. 

Exosmotic (ekspzmp'tik). [f. as prec. on Gr. 
analogies; cf. anastomosis, anastomotic.) ‘Re- 
lating to exosmose’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Exosperm, -spore, -sporous: see Exo- pref. 

Exossate (eksip'scit), v. [f. L. exossat- ppl. 
stem of exossare to deprive of the bones, f. ex- (see 
Ex- pref.!) + oss-, 0s bone.]_ trans. To deprive of 
bones ; + to cause (fruits) to grow without stones. 
Hence Exo'ssated #f/. a. Exossa‘tion (of fruits) 
(see quots.). 

1721-1800 Baitey, E-rossate. 
(1846) II. 8 Signor Flavio ..r 5 A 
exossated. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 854 Marg. note, Experi- 
ment Solitary touching Exossation of Fruits. 1660 SHar- 
rock Vegetables 138 Another experiment is the exossation 


1828 Lanpor /mag. Conv. 
hes Fl evi 


419 


of fruit, or causing it to grow without stones or core. 1703 
Art's Improv. p. xxiii, Exossation of Fruit. 

+ Exo'sseous, 2. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. exoss-is 
boneless (f. ex- (see Ex- Zref-1) + oss-, 0s bone) 

+-kOUS ; after osseous.] Boneless. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ui. xiii. 137 Snailes, a soft 
and exosseous animal. 

+ Exorster. Aztig. Obs. [ad. L. exdstra, a. 
Gr. &worpa (f. é€ (see Ex- pref.2) + dbéev to 
thrust).] A hanging bridge anciently used by be- 
siegers ; also (see quot. from Blount). 

1569 J. SAnrorD tr. Agrifpa's Van, Artes 33 b, Ye engins 
called..Exosters. 1656-81 BLount Glossogr., Exoster, an 
ancient Engine for war; now used for a Petard to blow open 
a Port or Gate. 1692-1732 in CoLEs. 

Exostome: see Exo- pref. 

+ Exo'stosated, A//. a. Ods. In 8 exhosto- 
sated. [f. as next+-aATE+-ED1.] Affected with 
exostosis ; = EXxosTosED. 

1758 J.S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) Liijb, It was 
carious, and exhostosated. 

Exostosed (eksp'stouzd), Af/. a. [ad. Fr. ex- 
ostosé, f. exostose EXOSTOSIS : see -ED1. 

1. Affected with exostosis. 

1758 J. S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) 96, 1..found 
the. .sixth of the true Ribs..exostosed. /ézd. 320 You may 
see..an exostosed Ridge. 1766 Justamonp in PAi?. Trans. 
LVI. 270 An entire tibia, exostosed and carious. 

“| 2. Having an external bony covering ; = Exo- 
SKELETAL. rare. 

1887 E. D. Core Origin of the Fittest 46 The cartilagi- 
nous, osseous, and exostosed..characters distinguish other- 
wise nearly allied genera. 

|| Exostosis (eksgstdu'sis). [mod.L., a. Gr. 
éééarwors (Galen) outgrowth of bone, f. é (see 
Ex- pref.*) + d07éov bone.] 

1. Path. a. The formation of bone on another 
bone, or on some other structure in the body. 
b. concr. A bony tumour found upon a bone or 
cartilage. 

a. 1804 ABERNETHY Surg. Observ. 32 Tumours growing 
near, and compressing the surface of bones, frequently oc- 
casion a degree of exostosis. 

1736 Frexe in Phil. Trans. XLI. 369 It may be said 
to come under the Denomination of an Exostosis. 1782 W. 
HEBERDEN Comm. Hist. & Cure Dis. xi, Except some exos- 
toses of the vertebrz of the thorax. 1839 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 
II. 220/2 Exostosis appears most frequently on the upper 
jaw. 1868 Darwin Anim. § Pl. II. xii. 23 Bony exostoses 
on the legs [of a horse] caused by too much travelling on 
hard roads. . gk F : 

2. Bot. ‘A diseased condition in plants, in 
which hard masses of wood are produced, project- 
ing like warts or tumours from the main stem or 
roots’ (Zveas. Bot. 1866). 

Exostotic (ekspstp'tik), a. [f. as prec.: see 
-oTic.] Of or pertaining to exostosis; of the 
nature of an exostosis. 

1836 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 460/1 We distinguish a node 
from a truly exostotic growth by the rapidity of its forma- 
tion. 1875 H. Watton Dis. Eyes 35 Exostotic spicula. 

+ Exostracism (eksg’strasiz’m). Ods.  [ad. 
Gr. eoorpaxiopds, f. éfoorpaxifey: see next.) = 
OstRACISM. 

[1s80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 215 Ostracismon, or Exos- 
tracismon, was no ordinary punishment for any fault com- 
mitted]. 16r7 T. Lypyat in Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 58 Themi 
stocles’s expulsion or exostracism from Athens. 1697 Bent 
Ley Ep. Themistocles (1836) 183 The Letters had a worse 
exostracism than their author. 1699 — P/a/. 89 Banish’d 
. . by way of Exostracism. 

Exostracize (eksg'strisoiz), v. [ad. Gr. éé- 
oarpaxicey, f. éf (see Ex- pref.2) + darpaxicey to 
OstRAcizE.] ¢vans. To banish by ostracism ; 
also fig. Hence Exo'stracized f/. a. 

1838 F. Lizser Man. Pol. Ethics 1. 429 The exostracised 
citizen was not punished. 1872 F. Hatt False Philol. 70 
This word [bountiful] which Mr, White exostracizes. 

Exoteric (eksoterik), a. and sd. [ad. late L. 
exoteric-us, a. Gr. €wrepuc-ds, f. égwrépw, compar. 
of éw outside. ] A. adj. 

1. Pertaining to the outside; external. Now 
only with some allusion to sense 2. ; 

1662 H. More Philos. Writ. Pref. (1662) p. vi) An Exo- 
terick Fence or exteriour Fortification about Theologie. 
1790 Patey Hore Paul. Wks. 1825 III, 127 This motive 
appears to have been always exoteric, viz. a love of order 
and tranquillity. 1808 Scorr A mfodéog. in Lockhart (1839) I. 


so All the knights and ladies and dragons and giants in 
1858 GLApsTONE Homer 


their outward and exoteric sense. 


Il. 60 Charged with the exoteric and material parts of | 


several. functions. 

b. Phys. ‘Applied to those periodic, vital phe- 
nomena, which result from causes external to, and 
independent of, the organism.’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 
1884), 1860 in Mayne Erg. Lex. 

2. Of philosophical doctrines, treatises, modes 
of speck, etc.: Designed for or suitable to the 
generality of disciples ; communicated to outsiders, 
intelligible to the public. Hence of disciples, etc.: 
Belonging to the outer circle; not admitted to the 
esoteric teaching. Of an author: Dealing with 
ordinary topics ; commofplace, simple. Opposed 
to Esoreri¢, q.v. for the history of the words. 


EXOTIC, 


1655-60 StanLey Hist, Philos. (1701) 232/1 The Discourse 
and Doctrine which he [Aristotle] delivered to his Disciples 
was of two kinds. One he called Exoterick. 1738 War- 
surton Div. Legat. ui. iii. Wks. (1811) III. 58 He divided his 
disciples into two classes; the one he called the Esoteric, 
the other, the Exoteric. @1754, 1768 [see Esoteric A. 1]. 
1791 Boswett Fohknson 1 July an. 1763, With an air of 
superiority, like that of an esoterick over an exoterick disci- 
ple of a sage of aocauity. 1847 Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) 
I. 210 Plato like Pythagoras had exoteric and esoteric 
opinions. 1870 R. C. Jess Sophocles’ Electra (ed. 2) 44/2 
As if Apollo were an exoteric name for the Sun. 1870 
LoweLt Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 153 In mind and 
temperament too exoteric for a mystic. 

3. transf. a. Current among the outside public ; 
popular, ordinary, prevailing. b. Qualifying a 
personal epithet: That is such exoterically, or 
with regard to his popular utterances. 

1813 Mar. Epcewortx Patron. xxxvi, This exoteric prac- 
tice goes on to this hour among literary performers. 1850 
Cariyte Latter-d. Pamph. iii.6 Such. .is the exoteric public 
conviction about these sublime establishments in Downing 
Street. 1876 [see Esoteric A. 2]. 

B. sd. 

1. pl. (after Gr. ra éfwrepixd) Exoteric doctrines ; 
exoteric treatises. 

1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. iii. note Wks. (1811) III. 
359 In his exoterics, he gave the world both a beginning 
and an end. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 31 Our 
exoterics will run directly contrary to our esoterics. 

2. An uninitiated person, an outsider. 

1697 State Philadelph. Soc, 19 ‘The Philadelphians have 
many things to say that cannot be declared among the 
Exotericks. 1824 Macautay Crit, Ital. Writers Misc. 
Writ. & Sp. (1889) 51, I_am an exoteric—utterly unable to 
explain the mysteries of this new poetical faith. 

Exoterical (eksote'rikal), a. [f. as prec. + -AL.] 
= prec. adj. 

1637 R. Humpurey tr. S. Aszbrose Pref., Two sorts, one 
exotericall, which is in common and civill use. a@ 1656 
Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 189 Aristotle was wont to divide 
his Lectures .. into Acroamatical and Exoterical. @17§1 

30LINGBROKE Lss., Monothetsm § 11 in Wks. 1754 IV. 235 
Exoterical, or publick doctrines. 1827 Wuatety Logic 
Introd. p. v, A loose, vague, and popular kind of language ; 
such as would be the best suited indeed to an exoterical 
discourse. 1858 R. A. VauGHaN Ess. & Rev. I. 32 His par- 
tisans have resorted in his defence to his exoterical writings. 

Exoterically (cksoterikali), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY2.] In an exoteric manner; in a style suited to 
the uninitiated. 

1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. ut. iii. Wks. (1811) IIL. go The 
subject. .must needs be handled exoterically. 1831 CARLYLE 
Sart. Res. (1858) 43 [The] Dingy Priest..preaches forth 
(exoterically enough) one little textlet from the Gospel of 
Freedom. 1864 Max Miter Sc. Lang. Ser. 11. vii. (1868) 
304 He may have represented him exoterically as a human 
being. 

Exo'tery. [? f. Gr. e¢wrépw + -y 3. (But prob. 
a misprint.)] Exoteric doctrine or instruction. 

1763 [see Esotery]. , ' 

xotheca, -thecal, -thecium : see Exo- pref. 

Exotic (egzp'tik), a. and 5d. [ad. L. exdtec-us, 
a. Gr. éfwrikds, f. €w outside. Cf. Fr. exotdgze.] 

A. adj. 

1. +a. Belonging to another country, foreign, 
alien (ods.). b. In narrowed sense: Introduced 
from abroad, not indigenous. Now chiefly of 
plants (in popular language with added sense of 
“not naturalized or acclimatized’ ) ; also, of words, 
forms of speech or writing, fashions, etc. 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. w. iii, Magick, 
Witchcraft, or other such exotick arts. 1646 Sir ‘Il’. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. ui. vi. § 3. 98 As Exotick observers deliver, it 
groweth upon Almond trees. 1650 Futter Pisgah i. xii. 38 
It was an exotick and forain territory. 1660 SHARROCK 
Vegetables 34 [The] Mulbery is..an exotique plant. 1680 
Morpen Geog. Rect., Wales (1685) 27 [Welsh] hath the least 
mixture of Exotick words of any now used in Europe. 1756 
Foote Engl. ret. fr. Paris Wks. 1799 I. 123 Vl have 
these exotic attendants. .sent post to the place from whence 
they came. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Hughes, The Italian 
Opera, an exotick and_ irrational entertainment. 1793 
Murpuy Zacitus (1805) I. 235 And invited to reign over 
them an exotic king. 1839 De Quincey Recoll. Lakes 
Wks. 1862 II. 78 Rome had cast much of her literature in 
her own moulds before these exotic models had begun to 
domineer. 1845 /Jorist’s ruil. 23 The exotic class of the 


order. 
+e. Drawn from outside; extrinsic. Also, 


Foreign in character, alien fo. Ods. 

1671 R. Bonun Disc. conc. Wind 56 They run streaming 
between two Mountains. .and are guarded on all sides from 
the inroads of other Exotique Winds and Air. a1718 PENN 
Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 473 These and the like Practices, 
strange and exotick to the Primitive and Christian Faith 
and Worship. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iii. (1840) 79 
An absolute necessity of some exotic helps. 

2. a. Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of a 
foreigner, or what is foreign (now rare); hence 
+b. Outlandish, barbarous, strange, uncouth (os.). 

a. a16s9 Br. Morton Efisc.. Fustified (1670) 5x Mr. 
Selden, the Ornament of our Nation for Exotick Learning. 
1720 Swirt Mod. Educ. Wks. 1755 Ul. nu. 34 An exotick 
habit and demeanor, added to other foreign accomplish- 
ments. 1833 I. Taytor Fanat. vi. 167 When shall the 
European families drive the exotic tyranny for ever from 
their shores! 1875 Maine ist. Inst. viii. 230 The exotic 
extraction of one of the Original Tribes. 

b. 1629 Maxwett tr. Herodian (1635) 295 Entring the 
City..in that exoticke and barbarous garbe. fo Bratu- 

53-2 


EXOTICAL. 
WAIT vr Gentlem, Chere ig oe exoticke 
speec —— ERBERT 7Yav. 
ng entreat turne into exoticke 2 
ELTON S: a af Gad 1a. age A Bin, Soe 
e this the Rule his Conduct, Passes for an Extra- 
ordi ingglen. -and Exotick spirit. 1739 Cissex a 


xi. 312 n his dealing with so exotick a Partner. 1815 Scott 
Guy M. xxix, I have not the poor satisfi of i 
«Human eing-~not even the exoic monster ofa parson. 
5 
LA plant, formerly also an animal, of foreign 
extraction; in popular language, a foreign plant 
not acclimatiz or naturalized. 


You 


* Increased in area or bulk; enlarged. Also fig. 


boys 


laugh now, and i. 
Woopwarp Nad. Hist. v. (1723), The u Nontm Lives I. 272 The husbandmen, .were... 
Stratum that was over those Valleys and Rol tox fo tae Metaeecpemded hane, sue tte 
are 5. aor eg 3 My Chem. (ed. 3) 11. 409 If one part in bulk of ; 
Pore Odyss xi, nine sails, Ply the strong oar, Warvovie tea Grk. N.T. rola 9 The 7 ore 
‘7b Baar Batra last petition, 
f - Se ence Expandedness. 
(1796) _ 2 the des mpc. prospect. tor Sovriey an BentHam Whe. (1843) XI. 18 What you say..shows 
vi. xx, Here rose your mind. 
pei 7a ; a hy Honey x. 132 Sicly then lay “Expander ; (espe nda. [f. as prec. + > 
ex) ikea hich expan senses 
i orehip so Stoles a8 2 rule Soo en ae 


C. Morton An Eng 2 The crane is an 
1 REW Anat. Plants, I. a Philos. Hist. § 8 iat 
Exoticks .. mar probaly be reduced to some such Domes- 
ticks. 1762- tH. Wavpote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 
IV. 294 the bishop of London’s garden at Fulham are 
many exotics of very ancient date. 1796 C. Marsuati 

Garden. xix. (1815) 387 has been said of Geraniums, 
applies to all.. Exotics. 1812 Xees’s Cycl. s.v., The gene- 
rality of exotics.. do not thrive in England without some 
peculiar* care and culture. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. 
Agric. (ed. 4) 11. Introd. 4 Potatoes were first .. cultivated 
as a rare exotic. 

». transf. and fig. 

W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XVII. 410 The Welsh 
is neath self-derived, and free from exotics. 1823 Lams 
Elia Ser. 1. iii. (1865) 19 Roast veal, or .. griskin (exotics 
unknown to our palates). 1849 H. Rocers Ess. Il. vi. 
303 Other systems of religion are usually delicate exotics, 
and will not transplanting. bgcttncg Civiliz. 
(1869) II. viii. 543 In a country like S; eat bank was 
an exotic which might live with art d never thrive 
by nature. 

2. A person of foreign origin ; a foreigner. rare. 

1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv. 516 Procixian tox were every 
where set up against exotics. 1763 Witkes Corr. (1805) 
I. 80 One other exotic, too, I must not forget: Arthur 
Murphy, gent. 1841 Catiin V. Amer. Ind. (1844) 1. lviii. 
230 An exotic, with a pale face, and from —— _ ocean. 
1863 Mrs. C. Crarke Shaks. Char. vi. 15 ese same 
exotics are received by our easy, gullible lane with 
‘ outstretched arms’. : 

Hence + Exo-ticness, exotic or foreign quality. 

1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon. 697 The very exoticknesse 
of the workemanship. 

+ Exotical, a. Ods. [f. prec. + -at.] 

1. Of foreign origin or growth; imported from 
abroad ; = Exoric a. 1. 

1601 HoLuAND Pliny xxi. xxiv, We may both preserve 
and recover our health. . without these exotical and forraine 
drugs. 1672 H. Dopwett 2 Lett. of Advice (1691) 20. 
Most of them [certain canonized eroes] are ceaticsl 
(which is the reason of their strangeness in the Greek). 1678 
CupwortH /ntell. Syst. 309 This word 'A@nva..was not 
originally Greekish, but exotical. 

. Of or pertaining to foreigners, or a foreign 
country ; foreign; hence barbarous, outlandish, 
strange; = Exoric a. 2. 

1608 Br. Hatt Z fist. 1. viii, Many. .have brought nothing 
from forraine countries, but mishapen cloathes, or exoticall 
gestures. 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. xvi. 207 Nor 
did we ever intend to affixe those exoticall positions of 
unsound teachers..upon her, 1716 M. Davies A then. Brit. 
III. 51 Of the same Colour and Complexion with some 
Sectary exotical Tenets. 

Hence + Exo'tically adv., in an exotic, foreign, 
or outlandish manner. + Exo'ticalness, the qua- 
lity or state of being exotic. 

1670-98 Lasse.s Voy. /taly II. 116 A great train of horse- 
men and trumpeters clad exotically. 1730-6 Baizey (folio), 
E-xoticalness , whence in mod. Dicts. 

Exoticism (egzp'tisiz’m). [f. as prec. + -18M.] 
a. Tendency to adopt what is exotic or foreign. 
b. Exotic character; an instance of this, anything 
exotic; esp. a foreign idiom or expression. 

1827 Harz Guesses (1859) 503 The Greek original .. 
tainted with many exoticisms and other defects. ning 
Fraser's Mag. XVI. 641 Za forcing houses for t' 
promotion of exoticism. 1887 F. Rosinson New Relig. Med. 
gr An opposite extreme, tending to exoticism. 

Exotism (e’ksétiz’m). fad. Fr. exotisme, f. exot- 
tgue: see Exotic and ism.) Resemblance to 
what is foreign ; a foreign ‘ air’. 

1811 E. JerntnGuamin Robberds Mem. W. Taylor 11. 328 
A kind of energetic Exotism that tells me that the portrait 
is very like. 

Exoucontian: see Exvconrian. 

+ Exousia’stic, a. Obs. rave. [ad. Gr. éovar- 
aorix-ds, f. éfovardtew to exercise authority, f. é- 
ovoia authority.] Of or pertaining to authority ; 
authoritative. 

1688 gpd | cK Serm. (1776) 539 The exousiastick power of 
trying, sending ~ oe office-bearers in the church 


is made void. did. Ob tf L 
on anpaipl- 
)+ 


on 


+ Expalpate, = 2. 

ppl. stem of expalp-are, f. ex- (see Ex- pref. 
palpare to pat +-aTE3.] trans. To get by flattery. 

1623-6 in Cockrram. 

d (ekspeend), v. Pa, pple. 5 expande. 

[ad. L. expandeére, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) + pandére 
to spread. Cf. OF. espandre, mod.¥. épandre to 
diffuse, scatter: see SpanD.] 
1. trans. To spread out; 
smooth; to any out, unfold ; +to remove the 
folds or wrinkles from, to smooth (the forehead) ; 
also, to spread out to view, display. 4, and 

1432-50 [see Exranpep]. «1667 CowLey Zss. Avarice 130 


to spread out flat or 


he ex 
db. To develop what is implicit in (a statement) ; 
to write out in full what is expressed by (a graphical 
contraction). Also in Aig. to oak out the pro- 
cesses indicated by the terms of a contracted ex- 
ression and state the result in full ; to express at 


ength in a series. 

1802 Woopnouse in Phil. Trans. XCII. 88 x (1 +2) 
must be expanded, and the integrals of the several terms 
taken, 1858 TopHUNTER diesen 296 Expand each of 
the following expressions to fourterms. 1860 Maury Phys. 
Geog. Sea xx. § 824 Let us examine, expand, and explain 
this fact. Mod. The editor has expanded the cont 
in the MS. 

+e. To give ample utterance to, ‘ pour out” 
(one’s feelings); ref. to manifest unrestrainedly 
one’s feelings; to overflow. Ods. Cf. Fr. épan- 
cher. 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Expand, to declare or utter. 
1660 tr. A myraldus’ Treat. Relig. 1. ii. 19 He takes pleasure 
to expand himself in acts of goodness towards his creatures. 
1801 Fuse Lect. Art. i. (1848) 357 The adoring figure of a 
priest..expanding his gratitude at the shrine of the god 
whose arrows avenged his wrongs. 

2. intr. for refl. To spread itself out ; to unfold, 
open out ; to develop. Const. 77/0, Zo. 

1560 RotLanp Crt. Venus u. 85 pcre on hie, ga far 
about the wall. 1680 Drypen Beit. Sir P. Fairborn 
Tomb, Like rising flames expanding in their height. — 
R.H. Sch. Recreat. 32 Stars that will expand in flame, an 
appear like natural Stars. a7 Gotpsm. Trav. 6 A weary 
waste expanding to the skies. 1776 WitHerinc Brit. 

Plants (1796) lik 675 Flowers. .expand at 6 or 7, and close 
at 2 in the afternoon, 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. v. 53 
Hailed its folds with three cheers as they expanded in the 
cold midnight breeze. 1860 Tynpact G/ac. 1. viii. Hd fae 

. expanding here cae Page to deep green la 
if H. Brunt Ref Ch. Eng. Ul. 391 The Wicklitity 
*Known-men’.. of Henry VIII.’s day, expanded into the 
* Gospellers’ of E dward, VI.'s reign. 

. To ‘open out’ 3 to grow communicative. 
tBes Lams E/ia Ser. 1. i. (1865) 5 How would he chirp, and 
expand over a muffin. 

. trans. ‘To spread out every way’ (J.); to 
cause to fill a larger space; to widen the boun- 
daries, increase the area or capacity of ; to dilate, 
enlarge: @. a material object. Also vefl. 

1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 49 What Bodies are expanded by 
being frozen. 1707 FLover Physic. Pudse-watch 217 All the 
hot Passions of Anger, Joy, expand the Spirits, and give 
them a more vehement Motion. 1796 Hutton Math. Dict. 
I. 456/r Air compressed .. as soon as the compressing . 
force is removed, expands ‘itself. .to its former dimensions. 
1835 Macautay Sir ¥ Mackintosh Ess. (1854) I. 315/1 [The 
editor] has thus succeeded in expanding the volume into 
one of the thickest .. that we ever saw. Mod. The object 
of this gymnastic exercise is to expand the chest. 

b. an immaterial object. Also refi. 

¢ 1645 Howe t Left. 1v. xxix, Let Christianity expand her 
self sull by a passive fortitude. 1838 Prescorr Ferd. & /s. 
u. xviii, The grand object to which he [Columbus] dedi- 
cated himself seemed to expand his whole soul. 1862 
SranLey Few. Ch. (1877) I. xviii. 333 Would these. . chan 

. diminish or expand the faith .. of the Chosen People? 
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. App. 626 The longer 
version only expands, and in no way contradicts, the shorter 
one. 

4. intr. for refl. To increase in bulk, swell; to 
become dilated or enlar, 

1807-26 S. Coorer First Eines Surg. (ed. 5) 403 To wet 
the sponge and make it expand. 1816 J. Smirn Panorama 
Sc. & Art 1, 2 Cast iron expands in ing from the fluid 
to the solid state. x Ronatps & Ricarpson Chem. 
Technol. (ed. 2) 1, 202 When air is warmed it expands and 
becomes lighter. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 7' avs pith very 
soon begins to become turgid and to ex 


1S 
179t Mrs. Rapcurre Nom, Forest i, Her heart ex ied 
in momentary jo’ 1836 W. Irvine Astoria I. 47 Such is 
a brief outline py the ente: - which continually ex- 
panded in his mind. 1865 ‘TyLo R Early Hist. Man. ii. 18 
As his knowledge and power of reasoning expand u 


M E. 8 Our ‘trad 

was Ciba b omnity cman st eee i 
ded (ekspe'ndéd), Ap/. a. Also 5 ex- 

pande. [f. prec. +-ED1,] In the senses of the verb. 


1. Spread open, outspread, outstretched, ex- 
tended ; + covering an extensive area. 
tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 81 eee is a figge tre soe 


ex le, that mony multitudes of vnder the 
latitude of oon figge tre, 1667 ‘Sane “yi #4 1, 225 Then 


with expanded wings he stears his fli Aloft. 
Soutney Vis. Maid Orleans u. a ee expanded ~t -4 


1854 Woopwarp Mollusca {899 3 316 The animal holds 
fast by the expanded end of its atte Mounted Her- 
aldry Hist, & Pop. xix. § 5 (ed. 3) 310 “wt 

nowed and wings expanded or. sale wen Ure Dict. te Ill. 
641 s.v. Printing, Roman an «+ expanded or 
letters widened horizontally. 


es | 


pn ). Chest ee a calisthenic appliance 

‘or * 
oan Lit. oa VIII. 338/2 Nor can the animus of 
d of ‘Church Ex; ion *] be 


Stall deouttfal, ‘oy Eneson Lett § Soc in at 
ee 


Freeman Greater —s s sree ss Lect.), toe 


Eapendiae (aapeatn be sb. [f. as prec. 
+-InG1.] The action of | st Bs in its 


various senses. Also attrib. 
vU P. U3 > 
g to it Pp harmo] 9 Putting ¢, G. 
a Q. Neighb. xxx. (1878) 517 Tapani 
Expa'n , Ppl.a. [f. as prec. + -1NG2.] 
That expands Gn senses of the verb). 
1. That opens out, or is opening out. 
1776 Witnerinc Brit. Plants (1796) 1. 239 Cup with 4 or 5 


ACDONALD 


divisions, ing, coloured, permanent. 1» 
Math, Evic af Sy unseasonable frost enthe tender 
petals of an expanding blossom. 


2. That increases in bulk, or becomes enlarged. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Ex ing-alloy, such as ex- 
pands in cooling. /éid., £2; ing-bit, a boring-tool whose 
——— is —, ti ap pt Ams 458/2 silico 
Leip d of many | perp a 

+ Expa‘nse, a. Bie Also 4 expans, 5 ex- 
pance. [ad. L. compte pple. of expandére 
to Expanp.] = Expan: 

1. Bot. (See —) 

1819 Pantalogia, 
out: ay the calyx in pe rede 1823 in Crass tebe ee 

. Lxpanse years: ‘ Whena table contains quan- 
tities denoting the amount of a planet’s motion 
during only a few years, viz. from 1 to 20 years, 
such changes are entered separately under the 
headings 1, 2, 3, etc. years, which are designated the 
expanse (or separate) years (Skeat in Chaucer's 
Astrolabe (1872) Gloss.). Op to COLLEcT. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T.547 Neither his collect, nor his 
Expans yeeres. ¢ 1391 — dowel. m1. § 45. ©1430 Lypc. 
Thebes 380 The yeeres collecte and also. 
se (ekspz'ns), sd, [ad. L. expans-um, 
neut. sb. tex expansus ; see EXPANSE a.] 

1. That which is expanded or spread out; a 
widely extended space or area; a wide extent of 
anything ; ‘ the length and breadth’. 

1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 340 Th’ Almightie spake: Let there 
be Lights High in th’ expanse op . Heaven. 1711 Pore Tem. 
Fame 436 The smooth expanse of pens | 1742 Gray 
Ode on Eton 6 Th’ expanse. Mol caveat tock wae 


— x Cowrer Lxfostulation 9 Her fields a rich 
_ i ut corn, Ke bert FM. Perth ix, The 


oes eyes, it the broad expanse of brow. ee 
THORNE Fr. rnis. (1872) 1. 18 Hung with broad ex- 
panses of b! 


ith i Freeman Norm. Cong. pends Ill. 
wi, 233 The army over that vast expanse of sand. 
1758 PP maple iio Fae ? 7 Those who wander at 


ge i esp. in The expanse : the ‘firmament’. Cf. 
EXPANsUM. 


Mixton P. Z, 1. 1014 Satan. . Springs upward. .Into 
thewid ex, azjir Ken Hipmstho Poe Wks. 1721 


Ill. A . Was straw’d with Rays of ante- 

eclas LX es Ps. cxlviii. (1791) weg leon and 

Stars . living in in — expanse, 1863 R. Younc 

- Tr. Bible, Gen. i. 8 And God calleth the expanse 
eaven. 


2. The action re the state of being ex- 
panded ; enlargement, expansion. Also, the amount 
or distance of ex ion ; = EXPANSION Pe 

1860 Motiey Netherl. (1867) IV. lii. iv. Bee shut off the 
mighty movement of the great revol! its destined ex- 
panse, 1874 Coves Birds N. Ww. oes Andabin bon mentions one 
nearly ten feet in alar ex, 


men eaten more meate T’ in 
their heate. 1600 Famrax 7asso m. lv. ah 
a and wg We 4 Guitum 
(1611) swan wi wings expansed. 
Shae, 12¥ After they had «»clozed their jawes; 


140 God en 
Sf Sey Fo 
H Collect. 12 Dec., A Book Expansed in Fesse. 
anda (ed. Kareak, Eatensen ae Heraldry), dis- 
mle prey 1721-1800 in per 


EXPANSED. 


+ Expansed, f//.c. Obs. [f. prec. +-np1.] 
Outspread; having a wide expanse or stretch. 
(See ppl. uses in prec.) 

1627-77 Fettuam Resolves 1. xv. 26 Let him view th’ ex- 
pansed skies. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1.7 The. .diver- 
sity of colours in her expansed wings. 1675 Cocker Morals 
20 God Essence gave to Heav'ns Exp Frame, 

bility (ckspznsibi'iti). [f. next: 
see -Ity. Cf. F. expansibilité.| The quality of 
being expansible: a. superficially ; b. in volume; 
c. in non-material senses. 

a 1755 in At ary 1890 Nature 2 Jan. 205 The ex- 
treme expansibility of oil when floating upon the water. 

b. 170x Grew Cosm. Sacra 1. iii. § 19 [In] atoms of all 
Fluids, there is some difference in Bulk .. else all Fluids 
would be alike in..expansibility. 1778 Phil. Trans. 
LXVIII. 462 A greater expansibility in the air enclosed in 
their Manometers. 1873 W. Lees Acoustics um. i. 81 The 
expansibility of platinum and glass is nearly the same. 
1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Expansibility, applied to the condition 
of an organ which allows of erection. 

c. 1857 National Mag. 11. 277 Proofs .. of the expansi- 
bility of human nature. 1882 Sfectator 8 Apr. 455 The in- 
finite expansibility of House of Commons loquacity. 

Expansible (ekspz‘nsib’l), a. [as if ad. L. 
*expansibil-ts, f. expans- ppl. stem of expandére : 
see Expanp and -IBLE, Cf. Fr. expansidle.] 
That can be expanded. 

1, That can be opened or spread out. 

1730-6 in Batzey (folio). 1876 BartnoLow Mat. Med. 
(1879) 89 An intra-uterine speculum with expansible blades. 

2. That can be made to occupy or contain a 
larger space ; esp. of material substances, capable 
of expansion by heat, ete. 

ax1691 Boye Hist, Air ii. (1692) 5 Readily expansible.. 
by Heat. 1792 Phil. Trans, LXXXII. 401 Whenever 
water is in a state of evaporation, an expansible fluid, com- 
posed of water and fire, is produced. 18zz Sir H. Davy 
Chem. Philos. > Glass is less expansible than any of the 
metals. 1871 B, Stewart Heat § 80 The most expansible 
metal will form the outside or convex surface of the curve, 
and the least expansible the concave. 

b. Of an immaterial object : Capable of being 
enlarged in scope or operation, 

18so De Quincey in H. A. Page Life (1877) II. xvii. 73 
The Pee moving and expansible system of theology. 1884 
Sir N, Linptey in Law Times Rep. 9 Feb. 727/2 A market 
- limited by metes and bounds, so as not to be expansible. 

Hence Expa‘nsibleness, the quality of being 
expansible ; expansibility, Expa‘nsibly adv., in 
an expansible manner; so as to be expanded. 

1847 in Craic; and in mod. Dicts. 

Expansile (ekspznsil, -ail), a. [f. L. expans- 
ppl. stem of expandere to EXPAND + -ILE.] 

. Having the property of being expanded ; 
capable of expansion, dilatable. 

1776 T. Percivat Philos. Med. & Exp. Ess. V1. 265 This 
effect it [heat] produces... by its expansile power. 1783 
Port satis 5 Wks. I. 63 Its natural soft .. expansile 
state. 1 orpyce in Phil. Trans. LXXXIV. 5 Ex- 
pansile and contractile by heat and cold. 1869 GiLLMorE 
Reptiles & Birds iii, 117 Others have..an expansile gular 
pouch. 1884 W. C. Witkinson Z, Arnold u. vii. 166 The 
illimitably expansile cloud-land of Hindu philosophy. 

2. Of or pertaining to expansion; of the nature 
of or tending to or capable of producing expansion. 

1730-6 in Baitey (folio). 1873 Roserts Handbk. Med. 465 
Expansile movements are greatly deficient or absent. 

Expansion (ekspz‘nfon). [ad. late L. expan- 
sin-em, n. of action f. expandére to EXPAND.] 
The action of expanding, the fact or state of being 


expanded. 
I. Spreading out, unfolding, opening out. 

1. The action or process of spreading out or un- 
folding ; the state of being spread out or unfolded; 
the opening of a bud, flower, etc. Also, fa 
spreading out to view, a display. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. wv. v. 191 The. .distance 
betwixt the extremity of the fingers of either hand upon 

xpansion. 1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 458 
Whereupon there will follow a great expansion of light, 
with vehement flame. 1664 Power £2. Philos. 1. 101 
The Spring of a Watch .. if the String be broke .. flyes out 
into its fullest expansion. 17or Grew Cosm. Sacra \. v. 28 
The easie expansion of the wing of a bird. 1731 Pore Ef. 
Burlington 145 The gilded clouds in fair expansion lie. 
1847 De Quincey Sf. Mil. Nux § 8 (1853) 18 A mob orator, 
whose brawling mouth open to its widest expansion, [etc.]. 
py Ble IncELow Laurance, She..knew..The pleasure 
of the leaf in exquisite Expansion. ad : 

b. The detailed expression of what is implicitly 
contained in a statement; the writing out in full 
the meaning of graphical contractions. Also in 
Alg. the process of working out a contracted ex- 
epg (cf. ExpanD 1 b.) and stating the result in 

ll; the result or statement thus obtained. 

1858 TopHuntER A xxxvi. § 519 The subject of the 
expansion of expressions is. .properly a portion of the Dif- 
ferential Calculus. /éid. xxxvi. § 524 To find the number 
of terms in the ex: ion of any multinomial. 1886 J. 
Epwarps Diff. Calc. 96 Now assuming the possibility of 
such an expansion, let, ete. ‘ 

2. concr. Anything that is spread out; an ex- 
panse ; esp. the expanse of heaven, the firmament. 

1611 Bisve Gen. i. 6 Let there be a firmament [arg. ex- 
pansion] in the midst of the waters. 1659 Pearson Crecd 
(2839) 70 This house of God .. is not all of the same mate- 
rials .. there is a vast difference between the heavenly ex- 


“the amount of power required. 


421 


pansions. 1760 Beatriz Lucretius 1.6 All that lies Beneath 
the starr'd expansion of the skies. 1823 Lams dia Ser. 1. 
xxvi. (1865) 211 Less time..than it took to cover the expan- 
sion of his broad moony face .. with expression. «@ 1845 
Hoop Kilmansegg cxl, Venus and Mars Are rolling along 
in their golden cars Through the sky’s serene expansion. 
1862 Anstep Channel /s/. 1. iv. (ed. 2) 64 Some. . flat expan- 
sions of hard. .rock, afford a kind of irregular pavement. 

Jig. 1662 KR. Matuew Uni, Adch. § 57.61 That ocean or 
expansion of wrath. 

+38. Extent; space to which anything is ex- 
tended. b. Pure space (see quot. from Locke). 

1690 Locke Hum. Und. un. vii. § 10 The capacious Mind 
of Man .. extends its thoughts often, even beyond the ut- 
most expansion of Matter. /d¢d. n. xv. § 1 Distance or 
Space, in its simple abstract conception .. I call Expansion 
to distinguish it from Extension, which by some is used to 
express this distance only as it is in the solid parts of Mat- 
ter, 1712 BLAcKMorE Cyeation 1. (1718) 121 Lost in expan- 
sion, void and infinite. 1755 in Jounson. 

4. The action or process of causing something 
to occupy or contain a larger space, or of acquiring 
greater volume or capacity; dilatation; an in- 
stance of this. 

1664 Phil. Trans. 1. 29 To prove the expansion of 
by heat. 1665 /éi¢. I. 49 What Bodies are expanded by 
being frozen, and how that expansion is evinced, 1692 
Bentiey Boyle Lect. viii. (1693) 27 The condensation and 
expansion of any portion of the Air is always proportional 
to the weight and pressure incumbent upon it. 1782 Sfeci/. 
Watt's Patent No. 1321. 5 The piston continues to descend 
by virtue of the expansion of the steam. 1830 R. Knox 
Béclard’s Anat, 235 They are furnished with tensor muscles, 
whether proper, or simply by expansion of their tendons. 
1875 Ure Dict. Arts II. 319 s. v.. Some remarkable exam- 
ples of expansion are furnished by the influence of sunshine 
on the Britannia Tubular Bridge. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 
874 These movements depend not upon alternate expansion 
and contraction of the tissue. .but, etc. 

Jig. 1634 Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 103 My heart Ex- 
panssion wants, to thinke what now thou art. 

b. of immaterial things. 

1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 19 Spread not into bound- 
less expansions either of designs or desires. 1856 Sir B. 
Bropie Psychol. Ing. 1.1.31 Ahigh education. .may..have 
the effect of preventing the full expansion of genius. 1864 
D. G. MitcueE.t Sev. Stor. 69, I felt..an unusual expan- 
sion. 1879 M. Arnotp A/ixed Ess. Pref. 7 The love of 
liberty is simply the instinct in man for expansion. — 

ce. Comm. and Finance. (a) An extension (of 
business transactions). (%) An increase in the 
amount of the circulating medium. More fully 
expansion of the currency. 

1847 Craic, Expansion, in commerce, an increase of 
issues of bank notes. 1864 in WessTER. 1891 Pad/ Mall G. 
10 Nov. 7/1 In some directions there has been expansion, so 
that the losses have been partially neutralized. 

5. The amount or degree of dilatation. 

1790 BLaGpEN in PAid. Trans. LX XX. 322 The whole ex- 
pansion of pure spirit from 30° to 100° of Fahrenheit’s ther- 
mometer, is not less than zsth of its whole bulk at 30° 
1816 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. §& Art Il. 32 Taking a pro- 

ortional part of the difference of the twoexpansions. 1875 
Gas Dict, Arts U1. 319 s.v., The expansion of the solid 
corresponding to two degrees of the thermometer, is twice 
the expansion which corresponds to one degree. ; 

6. concr. a. An expanded or dilated portion. 
b. A product of expansion ; what (a thing) is ex- 
panded into. 

1860 TyNnpALL Glac. U1. vii. 261 This lake [Geneva] is simply 
an expansion of the river Rhone. 1865 Ruskin Sesame 
178 A man has a personal work .. and a public work 
.. Which is the expansion of the other. 1866 HuxLey 
Phys. ix. (1869) 239 The structure .. of the sensory expan- 
sion in which the optic nerve terminates. 1882 Vines Sachs’ 
Bot. 544 The membranous expansions or appendages. 

7. Steam-engine. The increase in bulk of the 
steam which takes place in a partially filled cylin- 
der after communication with the boiler is cut off. 

The improvement introduced by Watt’s patent of 1782 
consisted in the economizing of steam by allowing the piston 
to be propelled, during the latter portion of its excursion, 
by the ‘ expansion’ of the steam first introduced, An engine 
in which this is done is said to work ‘by expansion’, A 
double (or triple) expansion engine is one in which the 
steam passes from one cylinder into another, so that the 
expansive force is used twice (or thrice). ; 

1782 [see 4]. 1819 Rees’s Cyclop. XXXIV. sig. M. 2b 
(art. Steam-Engine), Mr. Watt’s principle of expansion. 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech, I. 817/1 An automatic expansion 
is one which is regulated by the governor, and varies with 
1875 R. F. Martin tr. 
Havrez’ Winding Mach.80 The engineman must be able 
to work his engine with a variable expansion with as great 
ease as an ordinary high-pressure engine. /dzd., MM. Scohy 
and Crespin..took out a patent for applying a system of 
expansion to winding engines. 

8. attrib. and Comb., as expansion theory; ex- 
pansion-coupling, -curb, -drum (see quots.); 
expansion-engine (see 7); expansion-gear, an 
apparatus for cutting off steam from the cylinder 
at a given point of the stroke; expansion-joint 
(see quots.); expansion-slide, a slide belonging 
to the expansion-valve, a valve which shuts off 
the steam in its passage to the cylinder. 

1874 KniGur Dict. Mech. 1. 816/2 *Expansion-coupling. 
The coupling repr d ists of an expansion-drum of 
thin copper + between the extremities of two pipes a 7, Fig. 
1go1, which, in elongating, press the sides of the drum in, 
and draw them out in cooling. 1847 Craic, *Z.xpansion 
curb, in Horology, a contrivance for counteracting expan- 
sion or contraction. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech. 1, 816/2 
*“Expansion-drum, an ar 


lass 


by which an occa- 


EXPANSIVE. 


sional change of speed may be effected. 1847 Craic, *Z.r- 
pansion engine. 1886 Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 13/2 These 
steamers. .are provided with triple expansion engines. 1850 
Pract. Mech. Frnl. U1. 28 (heading) Whitelaw’s steam- 
engine ‘expansion gear. 1875 R. F. Martin tr. Havre’ 
Winding Mach, 80 MM. Scohy and Crespin add to the 
regular form of cylinder the expansion gear of M. 
Meyer. 50 WEALE Dict. Terms, *Expansion-joint, a 
stuffing-box joint connecting the steam pipes, so as toallow 
one of them to slide within the enlarged end of the other 
when the length increases by expansion. 1864 WEBSTER, 
Expansion-joint, an attachment of the framing to the 
boiler, which allows the boiler to expand without bending 
the framing. 1882 Worc. Exhib. Catal. iii. 5 Samples of 
improved expansion joints. 1848 E. ALBan Steam Engine 
261 ‘The *expansion slide is made to act through the motion 
of the principal slide below. 1886 F. B. Jevons in ¥rxd. 
Hellenic Studies VII. 292 Every form of the *expansion 
theory [z.e. the theory that the Iliad is an ‘ expansion’ of 
a smaller poem]. 1849 Farrpairn in Mech. Mag. LI. 255 
A new construction of “expansion valves for condensing 
steamengines. | . 

Expansionist (ekspznfonist). [f prec. + 
-1st.] One who advocates a policy or a theory of 
expansion, esp. an advocate of expansion of the 
currency. Also attrzd. 

1862 Lit. Churchm. VIII. 339/1 ‘We look for the time’ 
(says the Expansionist) ‘and doubt not it will come’, etc. 
1881 Nation (N. Y.) XX XII.160 Whether the new Secre- 
tary .. would be an expansionist or a contractionist. 1884 
Gotpw. Smitu Expansion of Eng. in Contemp. Rev. Apr. 
531 Standing on his historical island, the British Expan- 
sionist sees all the other communities of the race revolving 
round him. 1886 F. B. Jevons in Fru. Hellenic Studies 
VII. 292 The expansionists [i. e. those who maintain that 
the Iliad was ‘expanded’ from an original shorter poem] 
therefore have set to work to remove these incrustations, 
bid. V1. 295 Fick himself supports the expansionist theory. 

Expansive (ekspz'nsiv), a. [f. L. expans- ppl. 
stem of expandére to EXPAND + -1VE.] 

1. Tending or adapted to expand in volume, to 
spread over a larger surface, or fill a larger space ; 
having the capacity to expand or develop to larger 
dimensions; dilatable. Said both of material and 
immaterial objects. 

1651 Davenant Gondidert u. i. 3 By increase of swift ex- 
pansive light The lost Horizon was apparent growne. 1728 
‘THomson Spring 28 No more Th’ expansive atmosphere is 
cramp’d with cold. 1805 W. Saunpers Jin. Waters 4 
Water is composed .. of a fluid expansive ether. 1879 
Arcuercey Boérland 148, I changed my cartridge for another 
with an expansive ball. 1884 tr. Lofze’s Metaph. 96 ‘The 
heightened temperature. . bringing about in the expansive 
materials the movement of dilatation. 

b. Of persons, their affections, utterances, etc. : 
Freely going out, effusive, open. 

1658-9 Burton’s Diary (1828) IV. 137 It is said our affec- 
tions ..to France have been more expansive. 1858 O. W. 
Houmes Aut. Breakf-t. x. 98 That ripe and discreet age 
which invites confidence and expansive utterance. 1884 
F. Cuance in V, & Q. Ser. vi, X. 397/1 We English are not 
an expansive people, 

2. Of a force, a movement or tendency: Acting 
in the direction of expansion ; directed towards ex- 
pansion: a. within the object or substance itself ; 
b. in some other object. 

a. 1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 471 This expan- 
sive motion of the air. 1685 BoyLe Effects of Mot. viii. 103 
These stones being lodged in a Cement extremely hard, 
their expansive endeavour was rendered ineffectual. 1775 
Jounson Tax. no Tyr. 20 The intumescence of nations 


.would have found its vent like all other expansive violence. 


1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 143 The steam .. from 
its expansive power, will press [etc.]. 1828 CartyLe JZisc. 
(1857) I. 199 Impelled by the expansive movement of his 
own irrepressible soul. 1833 N. Arnorr Physics (ed. 5) II. 1. 
95 The liquid .. may force a column of mercury to an eleva- 
tion marking the expansive tendency. 1846 Grote Greece I. 
xvi. (1862) I. 300 The expansive force of Grecian intellect. 

b. 1744 Berketey Szvis § 170 Such is the rarefying and 
expansive force of this element [fire]. 1874 Biackiz Sed// 
cult, 85 The direct genial expansive virtue of some great 
moral sun. 1886 CroLi Climate § Cosmol. 253 This internal 
pressure .. acts on the mass of ice as an expansive force. 

3. Of or pertaining to expansion. Of an engine, 
process, etc.: Involving or depending upon the 
principle of expansion. 

1782 Specif. of Watt's Patent No. 1321. 4 The said new or 
expansive engine. 1858 GREENER Gunnery 33 In the expan- 
sive principle of rifles. /é/d. 353 The principles of the ex- 
pansive rifle. 1888 Pal/ Mall G. 6 Nov. 8/1 ‘These messages 
were printed exactly as he sent them, and did not undergo 

‘expansive’ process. — : 

. a. Of material things: Expanding over or 
occupying a large surface or space ; having wide 
bounds, broad, extensive. b. Of immaterial things 
(e.g. thoughts, designs, sympathies); Having a 
wide range; comprehensive. : 

1806 T. Surr Winter in Lond. 1. iv. 64 It was situated... 
on the borders of an expansive lake. 1813 Eustace Tour 
Italy ix. 204 A more expansive and generous compassion for 
the fate of cities and states. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, India 
Pref. 16 If an observer were to take an expansive view of 
India. 1830 D’Israrwi Chas. /, III. v. 72 The intellect of 
Laud was neither expansive nor elevated. 1834 T. Mepwin 
Angler in Wales 1. 175, He had the character. .of being 
remarkably handsome. .his forehead expansive. 1835 I. Tay- 
Lor Sfir. Desfot. i. 12 That enlightened and expansive 
charity. .which should recommend the Christian profession. 
1870 Emerson Soc. §& Solit. vii. 17 Czar Alexander was 
more expansive, and wished to call the Pacific my ocean. 
1 Standard 10 Mar., We doubt .. whether expansive 
skirts of the old style will ‘catch on’ in America. 


~~ 


EXPANSIVELY. 


. sae \ 

Ex vely (ekspz-nsivli), adv. {f prec. + 
-Ly?,] In an expansive manner; at large, ex- 
tensively. With respect to the steam-engine: On 
the principle of expansion. 

1839 R. S. Rosinson Naut. Steam Eng. 160 Very little 
power is lost by moreing Gs steam expansively. 1865 Car- 
tye Fredk. Gt. xi. iii, Voltaire, at his leisure in Brussels. « 
writes much more po somber 1865 Masson Rec. Brit. 
Philos. 100 The Absolute going forth expansively.. is Na- 
ture. — R. F. Martin tr. Havrez’ Winding Mach. 3 
For throttling of the steam through the regulator will 
substituted working expansively. 

‘veness (ekspznsivnés). [f. as prec. 
+ 7 The quality of being expansive. _ 

1. a. Tendency to expand. b. Wide-spreading 
character or nature. ; 

3829 Bentuam Wes. (1843) XI. 18 What you say on this 
subject shows the expandedness and expansiveness of your 
mind. a 1853 Ropertson Serm. Ser. 1. xiv. 172 The. .affec- 
tions of the Apostle Paul..tending to expansiveness rather 
than concentration. 1854 H. Mitcer Sch. & Schm. xii. (1860) 
122/2 The scenery..was imposing. .from its bare and lonely 
expansiveness. 1857 Toutm. Smitnx The Parish 11 While 
the. .expansiveness of the Common Law will be thus shown. 
1879 Geo. Evior Theo. Such ix, That would restrict the ex- 
pansiveness of trade. 1884 tr. Lotze’'s Metaph. 96 The 
. -expansiveness of the gaseous elements. 7 

2. Absence of reserve in feeling or speech ; genial 
frankness, freedom, openness ; unrestrained flow of 
sympathy or conversation. 

1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 115 That 
expansiveness which is the essence of the poetic element. 
1862 Mrs. Gorvon in H. A. Page De Quincey (1877) I. viii. 
160 In the expansiveness of his own heart. 1864 Sat. Rev. 
9 July 45 Gifted female friends..can praise with a large, 
ungrudging expansiveness. 1867 Lewes Hist. Philos. I. 
520 In the expansiveness of private conversation. 188 
G. A. Boucuton in Harper's Mag. Dec. 95/1 Who greete: 
Miles with. .noisy familiarity and expansiveness. 

Expansivity (ekspensi-viti). rare. [f. as 
prec. + -ITY.] = EXPANSIVENESS. 

1837 CartyLe Mirabeau Misc. Ess. (1888) V. 231 Offences 
(of elasticity or expansivity)have accumulated. 1838 Blackw. 
Mag. XLIV. 612 The expansivity and soaring heavenward- 
ness of the gases have full play. 

Expansometer (ekspensg'm/étoz). [f. Expans- 
ION + -(0)METER, after electrometer, etc.] (See quot.) 


1883 NasmyTu A ufodiog. vi. 119 One of my earliest attempts | 


at original contrivance was an Expansometer—an_ instru- 
ment for measuring in bulk all metals and solid sub- 
stances. 

| Expansum. Oés. [L., neut. of expansus, 
pa. pple. of expandére to Expanp. Adopted by 


| country. 


scholars of 16-17th c. as lit. rendering of Heb. | 


rp ragits (Vulg. firmamentum, AV. firmament).] 
= EXPAnNsE sé. 

1635 Swan Sfec. M. iv. § 1 (1643) 54 The Expansum, or 
stretching out of the Heavens. 1640 Witkins New Planet 
i. (1684) 39 The common People usually think the Rain to 
proceed from some Waters in the Expansum. 1651 JER. 
Tayitor Serm. for Year 1. xxv. 314 The mercy of God [is] 
a vast expansum and a huge Ocean. 1794 Sucuivan View 
Nat. IL, 403 Till the whole expansum was cleared of these 
gross and opaque parts of matter. 

+ Expa‘nsure. vs. [f. L. exans- ppl. stem 
of expandére to EXPAND +-URE.] a. The process 
of expanding ; expansion. b. =EXpansk sé. 1. 

1606 Cuarman Hero §& Leander vy, All your parts employ, 
And suit Night’s rich expansure with your joy. 1606 Sir 
G. Goosecappe w. iii. in Bullen O. PZ ut Jo My im- 
mortall ee admits expansure. ¢ 1611 CuarMan /diad xvi. 
317 Such expansure of his beams he [the sun] thrust out of 
his throne. : 

+ Expa'pillate, v. Obs.—° [f. L. expapillat-us 
bared to the breast, f. ex- out + papilla nipple.] 
“To be the breasts open to the paps’ (Cockeram 
1623-6). 


|| Ex parte, ex-parte (ekspaut7), adv., 


chiefly attrib. as quasi-adj. [L. phrase ex out of 

+ parte, abl. of pars part, side.] 

1. Zaw. On one side only: said respecting an 
affidavit, application, commission, evidence, testi- 
mony, etc. (See quots.) 

1672 Cowet /uterpr. s. v., A Commission ex parte, is that 
which is taken out and executed by one side onely. ws i 
Reep in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) 11. 277 No ex 

te testimon’ oy to be received by the Court. 1839 
oLttHouse Mew Law Dict. s.v., An Ex-parte application 
to the court is an application made by one y only. 1853 
Wharton Pa. Digest 854 An exparte affidavit may be ad- 
mitted to prove pedigree. : 

2. ¢ransf. Of statements, etc.: Made with re- 
spect to, or in the interest of, one side only. 

1812 Lp. Parmerston Parl. Ded. 21 Dec., Ex-fparte 
st like the p 1823 Lincarp //ist. Eng. VI. 
346 Ex parte statements, to which the accused had no oppor- 
tunity of replying. 1856 Reape Never too late xxiv, 1 
object to an ex parte from a p | enemy. 

+ Expa-tiate, #/. a. Ods. or arch, [ad. L. 
ex(s)patiat-us, pa. Pple. of ex(s)\patidri: see next.] 
oe to the later ExpatiaTeD. In quots. 
V — ; laid at full length. 

1702 De For Reform. Manners 30 There lye the Seeds of 
high expatiate Sin. 1854 Syp. Dosett Balder xxvii. 186 
Stretch him out, like the prophet on the dead. . Bound and 
prone, expatiate with nice art To the invenient horror. 
Expatiate (eksp2'fijcit),v. Also 7 exp-, ex- 
spaciate, 6-8 exspatiate. [f. L. ex(s)patiat- ppl. 


422 


stem of ex(s)patiari, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.!) + spa- 
tiari to walk about, f. spatium space.) ? 

1. intr. To sdk’ show at Jeng te. sens weihont 
restraint; to move about freely in space, wander 
at will. Now somewhat rare in lit. sense. 

1538 LeLanp /tin. I. p. xxi, I have more i yn 
this Campe then they did. 1615 Crooxe Body of Man 429 
Wherein this ztheriall body might expatiate disport it 
selfe. 1657 S.Purcuas Pol. Flying-Ins. 16 They will =e 
and dance the Hay in circling motions. a 1760 J. H. Browne 
Design & Beauty Poems (1768) 102 He not content the shal- 
low to keep Dauntless expatiates in the boundless deep. 
1765 Gray Let, in Poems (1775) 308 You will .. catch the 
breezes on the coast of Taranto .. expatiate to the very toe 
of the continent. 1796 Morse Amer. Geol. I. 258 Workmen 
.. by expatiating from Eu have improved their condi- 
tion. 1849 Blackw. Mag. LXV. 236 He. -has it in his power 
to expatiate where he will. 1864 Lowett Biglow P. Poet. 
Wks. (1879) 275/2 Winter-flies .. crawl out .. to expatiate 
in the sun. Hamerton J/ntell. Life xu. i. (1876) 435 
Points upon which the cattle expatiate. 

b. Said of the eye, or hand. 

1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 20 In this Cephalical com- 

ression to the sides, the Eyes more freely expatiate to the 
Cackspants. 1712 Appison Sect. No. 412 ? 2 Where the 
Eye has Room to range abroad, toe iate at large on the 
Immensity of its Views. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. 
xxxii, (1859) II. 252 The hand of a skilful musician expa- 
tiates over the keys of the most complex organ, 

e. fig. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb. 1. Notes 37 So farre haue the indi- 
gested reports of... Monkish inuention expatiated out of the 
lists of Truth. 1 tr. Hales’ Dissert. de Pace in Phenix 
(1708) II. 373 Ambition finds not samen es for her swell- 
ing to expatiate in. 1697 J. Serceant Solid Philos. 321 But 
I expatiate too much into the Subject of Predication. 1704 
Swirt 7. Zé vii, Without farther peeing: from the 
subject. 1787 BonnycastLe Astron. vi. 84 The flighty 
imagination of those who. .expatiated in the wilds of fiction. 
1849 Ropertson Sevmz. Ser. 1, ii. (1866) 35 We .. expatiate 
into that which is infinite. 

+d. trans. (Cf. to walk the road.) Obs. rare. 

1627 1; Carter Exposition 109 The ungodly..enter in.. 
at the broad gates, and expatiate all the fields and countrie. 

2. To speak or write at some length ; to enlarge ; 
to be copious in description or discussion. Const. 
on, upon. Also in tndtrect passive. 

1612 Drayton Poly-olb. 1. Notes 18 But you blame me 
thus expatiating. 1655 Cromwett Sf. 22 Jan. (Carlyle), I 
could not say more upon this subject if I listed to expatiate 
thereupon. 1721 BerKeLey Prevent. Ruin Gt. Brit. Wks. 
III. 207 Ancient orators used to expatiate in praise of their 
1793 Bepvoes Math, Evid. 14 Frequently as the 
topic is expatiated upon. 1817 CHaLMers Astron. Disc. i. 
(1852) 17 Those who expatiate with delight on the wonders 
and the sublimities of creation. 1850 MerivALe Rom. Emp. 
(1865) I. Pref. 7 The remarkable deficiency of our recent 
literature .. has constantly tempted me to expatiate. 


+3. trans. To enlarge, extend, expand (territory, 
etc.) ; to spread abroad (glory, shame) ; to exalt, 
magnify; to spread wide (the arms). Oés. 


1603 Patient Grissil (Shaks. Soc.) 22 Sir Owen, and sig- | 


nors both, do not expatiate my obloquy. 1633 T. Apams 
Exp. 2 Peter ii. 4 Princes expatiate their dominions, 
Waternouse Arms § Arm. 6 The symmetry and exact 
order of which .. expatiated the glory of their valor almost 
thorowout the Continent. /did. 125 A benign umbrage ex- 
patiates little spires of grass into the magnitude of Lawrels. 
1668 Zhe Rivals 17, 1 would expatiate my Wanton arms. 
1677 Sir T., Hersert 7rav. 189 Where after a little space 
the channel is well-nigh expatiated so broad as the Thames 
at London. 
+b. vefl. and intr, for ref. Obs. 

1620-55 J. Jones Stone-Heng (1725) 34 Salisbury Plain .. 
expatiates it self through the Middle of Wiltshire. 1650 
Futter Pisgah u. iv. 107 The Jordan .. expatiateth itself 
into the waters of Merom. 1668 Cucrerrer & Cote Barthol. 


| Anat.u. vi. 98 The Crown-vein. .Expatiates in a large tract 


from the right Eare, 
287 This dead condition. .is not to expatiate unto 1260 
1738 Common Sense (1739) U1. 48 The Stock of Wealth a 
ation possesses must expatiate, or it is of no Benefit to the 
Publick. 
+c. ‘To let loose, to allow to range’ (J.). ref. 
only;=1b. and 2. Obés. 

1659 /ustruct. Oratory 10 The best way therefore is, to 

ive it [the Wit] leave to expatiate itself in its work. 1 

Bove Occas. Reff, (1675) 21 The yom ord being licens’d to 
expatiate themselves. 1683 Cave Ecclesiastici, Greg. Nas. 
296 Nazianzen .. welcom’d his Arrival with an Oration, 
wherein he expatiated himself in his praises for the Nobility 
of his birth. 1695 Drypen tr. Du Fresnoy’s Painting § 70 
A Subject which shall .. afford .. Art an ample field of 
matter wherein to expatiate it self. 

d. nonce-use. To develop (views). 

1859 C. Barker Assoc. Princ. i.8 Mr. Carlyle expatiating 
from its text his peculiar views of. .political economy. 

Hence + Expa'tiated A//. a., widespread; cf. 
sense 3 of vb. Expa‘tiater (also expatiator), 
one who expatiates, Expa'tiating vi/. sd., the 
action of the vb. ExpaTiaTE ; in quot. expansion ; 
cf. sense 3 b of vb. Expa‘tiating f//. a., that 
pes marae whence Expa‘tia’ adv. 

1681 tr. Willis’ Rem, Med. Wks. Vocab., Expatiated, en- 
larged. 1713 C’ress Wincnetsea Misc. Poems 62 Th’ expa- 
tiated Downs Shall wider Scenes display of rural Glee. 21766 
Pecce Anonym. v. (1809) 201 The person, int +. asan 
Expatiator on the word Endovellicus. 1839 Vew Monthly 
Mag. LVI. 160 Such is the mind of our expatiater upon 
flowers. 1717 J. Kettt Anim. Gicon. (1738) a There was 
no .. room for the division expatiat; the Vessels. 
1789 Trifler xxxv. 456 An expatiating a florid diffusion 
would. .weaken and dissolve their close and well-compacted 


1681 H. More £-xf, Dan. ay ii, | 
ys. 


1660 © 


EXPATRIATION, 


1692 Bevertey Disc. Dr. C 16 Why may not 
the mos expatiating Expression be used goolia Seam 
1887 Pali Mall G. 29 Dec. 11/1 A pleasant space into which 

m ‘: Deeeitiarios: grouk 


xxi. ss What a Sp im onset sincere. 
Expatiation (ekspé?:fi,zi-fon). tf prec. vb. : 
see -ATION.] The action of expatiating. 
1. The action of walking abroad, or wandering at 
; also, an instance of the same. /#¢, and fig. 
Also, a Sasa or room for expatiating. rare. 
1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn, u. xiii. 115 There 


are no other Errors, or manifest in Heaven, 
save those of the Pl Fa Mt. 
Fas. i. 27.2 Take them from the 's latitudes and ex- 
patiations. Saad aes Bee aay 29, Sleds, : 
Is an , or an jation of the said sensitive 


<7 out of their cells into some larger Meatus. a 1848 
W. Hamitton Rew. § Punishm. iv. (1853) 159 A proper 
self-love finds in religion a perfe pati; ? 

+2. The action of extending, expanding, or de- 
veloping; expansion, development. Cf. sense 3 
of vb. Also concr, an extended portion, a pro- 
jection. Ods. 

1612 J. Corra Discov. Pract. Physic u. ii. 94 The _un- 
limited expatiation of so foule wrongs. Br. Hatt 
Height Eloquence p. \ii, A periphrasis very winds up 
it self in its own expatiation. a1661 Futter Worthies, 
Surrey U1. 76 Surrey. .may be allowed to be a Square (be- 
sides its Angular Expatiation in the South-west) of two and 
twenty miles. — f : 

8. The action of discussing at large; extended 
talk or description. 

1816 Keatince Trav. I. 277 The tact of the who 
has thus had the discretion to turn away the bolt, is the 
theme of expatiation. 1832 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle 
xv. (1887) 154 This tempting field of interesting expatiation. 
1878 V. Amer. Rev. CXXVIIL. — is too jt 
to need any expatiation. 1885 Manch. Exam, 28 em 3/4 
The whole article is an example. .of tamely edifying expa- 
tiation. 

tiative (cksp2fiativ), a. [f. Expa- 
TIATE v. + -IVE.] Tending to spread itself out, 


—— 

1 Snettey GZdipus Tyr. 1, A leech .. with lubricous 

round rings Capaciously expatiative, which make His little 

body likea red balloon. 5 
tiatory (ekspé'‘fidteri), a. [f. Expa- 

TIATE Y. + -ORY.] Characterized by or indulging 

in expatiation. 

1816 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXXXI. The 
method adopted. .is more expatiatory. 1860 J. P. Kennepy 
Swallow B. vii. 73 Everybody seems to understand the 
advantage of silence when M. is inclined to be expatiatory. 

Expatriate (ekspétrit), pp/. a. and sb. [f. 
as next, on the analogy of ppl. adjs. from Lat. pa. 

les.: see -ATE2.] A. adj. = EXPATRIATED. 

. sb. An expatriated person. 

1812 Sueiey Let. to Hitchener in H Life Ul. 94 An 
Irishman has been torn from his wife and family .. because 
he was expatriate. 1818 Q. Rev. XIX. 55 Patriots and ex- 

triates are alike the children of circumstances. 182g I. 

‘avtor Enthus. x. 284 These expatriate millions [of 
Chinese) are accessible: to instruction. Taytor 
Faust (1875) 11. ut. 168 But a God took of her, The 
Expatriate. 

triate (ckspéitrijit), v. [f. ppl. stem of 
late L. expatriare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.') + patri-a 
native land + -aTE3, Cf. Fr. expatrier. 


1, ¢vans. To drive (a person) away from (his) 
native country ; to banish. 
1817 G. Cuatmers in Churchyard’s Chi; 163 Morton 


was thus expatriated. 1828 D'Isrartt Chas. /, I, v. 113 
This minister, after having been expatriated, outli his 
great enemy. 1856 O_mstep Slave States 261 He apolo- 
Cot eee eee iate the negroes. 

2. refl. (rarely intr. for ref) To withdraw from 
one’s native country; in Law of Nations, to 


renounce one’s citizenship or allegiance. 


jects to expatriate th i 


Hence Expa‘triated Expa 
ppl. a., that expatriates (in sense 2 of vb.), 

1768 Sterne Sent. Yourn., Pref. in i , The 
b of senti 1 is al a the ex- 
pay — ee Rem. Policy Allies Wks. 
Macavtay Hist, Eng. IV. 384 The ruined and expatri 
Protestant Grote Greece 1. xvii, (1862) 11. 420 
The ockist and some oi Ghspentrherp chiefs. 

aps (ekspéttrij2t-fon). [f. prec. vb. : 
see -ATION. 

1. The banishing a person from his own country ; 
the state of beng ents! banishment, exile. 

1816 Keatince 7rav. I. 31 This part of Ll ci 
aah Macautay Hise 2 pore his expatria- 
Mortey Netherd. (1868) L. iii. 92 The expatriation of wealthy 

ants, 

2. The action of leaving one’s country for an- 


EXPECCATION. 


‘other; emigration, Also, in the Law of Nations, 
renunciation of one’s country. 

1825 T. Jerrerson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 8 Expatriation 
being a natural right. 1839 YEoweLt Anc. Brit. Ch. x. 
(1847) 107 The bishops and clergy .. sought refuge in expa- 
triation. 1868 RoGers Pol. Ecox. xix, The voluntary ex- 
patriation of those who have the energy or enterprise to 
leave the home of their birth. 1889 Pxittimore /uternat. 
Law (ed. 3) IV. 274 Expatriation, Any British subject .. 
who may. .after the passing of this Act..voluntarily become 
naturalized in such state. .shall..be deemed to have ceased 
to be a British subject. 

+ Expecca‘tion. zonce-wd. [f. Ex- pref1+L. 
peccare to sin: see -ATION.] (See go) 

@ 1631 Donne Serm. Ixiv. 645 It is. this Expeccation. .this 
taking away of Sins formerly committed that restores me. 

Expect (ekspe'kt), v. Also 7-8 exspect. [ad. 
L. ex(s\pect-Gre to look out for, await, f. ex- (see 
Ex- pref) + spect-are to look, freq. of spec-cre to 
see. Cf. OF. especter (14th c.) to await.] 

I. To wait. P 

+1. intr. To wait; to defer action until some 
contingency arises. Zo expect of: = sense 2. Obs. 

1560 Daus tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 408 a, He desireth. .that 
Duke Maurice woulde be content to expect so long as he 
may goe and come. 1600 Hottanp Lzvy xxi. xlviii. 420 
Scipio .. thinking it good to expect of the other Consull his 
Colleague. 1611 Bisce ed. x.13 From henceforth expect- 
ing till his enemies be made his footstoole. 1653 H. More 
Antid. Ath. 1. xii. (1712) 82 A Dog expects till his Master 
has done picking of the bone. 1703 Rules of Civility 15 We 
must not knock, but expect patiently. 1765 G, CoLMaN 
Terence’s Comedies 388 To sit at home, expecting till a 
kinsman Came. .to marry her. 

+b. quasi-¢vans. with out. Obs. rare. 

@1664 M. Frank Sern. (1672) 497 Men having .. dili- 
gently made use of the opportunity, and expected it out. 

+2. trans. To wait for, await. Ods. 

1585 Asp, SANDYS Sevmt. xiv. § 19. 239 Note in Cornelius 
with what humanitie..he receiued Peter. .he called to him 
his kinsemen and friends, and expected him, 1609 Bis_e 
(Douay) Zcclus. xi. Comm., Expect the end of an other 
mans speach, before you beginne to answer. 1633 Br. Haut 
Hard Texts N. T. 223 Yee..eate your owne good cheere 
not expecting your poorer brethren. 1710 STEELE JZa/ler 
No. 202 P 5 There was a great crowd in my Antichamber, 
who expected Audience. 1781 Gipson Decl. §& F. II. 92 
The .. king of the Goths, instead of expecting the attack 
of the Legions, boldly passed the Danube. 1801 SourHey 
Thalaba 1x. xviii, With. .talons sheathed The ounce expects 
his liberty. 1822 SHELLEY in R. Garnett Relics (1862) 189 
With what anxiety I expect your news of her health ! 

b. With indirect question as obj.: To wait to 
see or know. ? Obs. or arch. 

1572 G. Bucnanan Detect. Q. Mary N j, Do you now 
expect quhat sentence men chosen agaynst law..haue pro- 
nounced? 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 79 All this 
great fight the Constantinopolitanes beheld .. expecting 
what should bee the event thereof. 1687 T. Brown Sazuts 
in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 72, 1 expected every minute when 
it would come to f sabal ht kick and cuff between ’em. 
1741 MippeTon Cicero (ed. 3) II. vit. 191 While he [Cicero] 
lay encamped .. expecting what way the Parthians would 
move. 1794 Gopwin Cad, Williams 20 Mr. Tyrrel .. ex- 
pected every moment when he would withdraw to another 
part of the room, 

+e. Of a destiny, etc.: To be in reserve for, be 
in store for. Cf. Await 8. Obs. 

¢x6rr CuapMan Jad xvi. 113 If such fate expect my 
life, where death strikes I will lie. 1659 Hammonp Oz Ps. 
lxxxii. 7 Paraphr. 409 That severe account. .of their actions, 
which after death expectsall such. 1741 MippLeton Cicero 
(ed. 3) III. x. 166 If any other fate expects me, I tast a joy 
beforehand, in the sure foresight of your punishment. 1781 
Cowper Charity 280 Prisons expect the wicked. 

II. To look for mentally. 

+3. To look forward to as one’s goal or motive. 

1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India 24 Good men doe rather 
a renowne, then treasure. 

. To look forward to (an event), regard (it) as 
about to happen; to anticipate the occurrence of 
Pomething whether good or evil). Also, to ‘look 
or’, anticipate the coming of (a person or thing), 
the receipt of (anything). 

Often with advbs. or phrases indicating time, which by a 
sort of ellipsis relate to the event ‘expected’; e.g. ‘I ex- 
pect him next week’; ‘When do you expect payment’? 

a. with simple 047. When the obj. denotes an 
action, manifestation, etc., often const. of, Y cage 

r6or SHaxs. Fx. C. 1, ii. 297 Cassi, Will you Dine with 
me to morrow? Cask. 1. Cassi. Good, I will expect 
you. 1605 Br. Hatt Medit. § Vows 1. viii. 14, I will ex- 
sar the woorst, because it may come ; the best, because I 

now it will come, 1651 Hosses Leviath. m1. xli, 263 They 
that bare rule. .and they that were governed, did all expect 
the Messiah. 1701 De For True-born Eng. Pref., I expect 
a Storm of Ill Language. 1724 R. Fatconer Adv. § Esc. 
(1769) 83 Finding we could not expect his Life, we prayed 
for a speedy and painless Release from it. 1802 Mar. EpGr- 
wortH Moral T. (1816) I. xiii. 104 They expected a visit in 
a few hours. 1866 Gro. Exior 7. Holt (1868) 24, Lam afraid 
of ever expecting anything good again. 1882 J. H. Biunr 
Ref. Ch. Eng. Ul, 18 If he did similar things, he should ex- 
pect similar punish 1891 Sf 2 May 533/1 The 
k is very much what might have been expected from the 
author. Mod. I expect my mother to dinner. 

b. with 0b7. and znf.; when the action or con- 
dition anticipated is that of the subject, with zzf. 
alone. 

1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 142 The Imperial 
Garrisons, who were not expected to be ever seen_again in 
those parts. 1660 WILLSForD Scales Comm. 182 A Captain of 


* h, 


i 
wi 


423 


aCastle expecting to be beleagured, makesgood his outworks. 
1710 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I1I.6, I expect to re- 
ceive them this week. 1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 172 
They expected us, and we expected to come. 1818 Jas. 
Mut Brit. India 1. u. vi. 226 He expected to perform to 
him one of the most agreeable of all possible services. 1876 
ae Logic Primer 9 Seeing a bright flash of lightning, 

expect thunder to follow. 1891 Law Times XC. 473/2 
We are now daily expecting the question to come again fe 
fore the Divisional Court. _ 

¢e. with clause as obj. ; also with ellipsis of sub- 
ordinate clause. 

1603 Sir D. Carterton in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 245 III. 82 
It is exspected the two courts being joyned will produce 
somewhat extraordinary. 1726 CHETwoop Adv. Capt. 
R. Boyle 74 They did not expect she could ever recover. 
1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones un. ix, This lady was. .as well as 
could be expected for one in her condition. 1860 TyNDALL 
Glac. 1. xi.79 The Mur..was by no means so bad as we had 
expected. 

d. adsol. 

1779 Jounson L. P. Wks. 1816 IX. 170 We love to ex- 
pect ; and when expectation is disappointed or gratified we 
want to be again expecting. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 111. 191 
Our King expects—was there no precontract ? 

Qe. ellipt. (a) Anglo-Irish (see quot. 1813); 
(b) collog. (see quot. 1890). 

1813 Mar. Epcewortu Patron. (1815) I]. 22 ‘Sure I tould 
you he was not expicted, that is if you don’t know in Eng- 
and, not expicted to live.’ 1845 Mrs.S. C. Hatt Whiteboy 
. isn't expected—indeed I must ride 


v. 48 Poor Mrs. M 
1890 Farmer Slang Dict., Expect- 


hard to overtake her. 
ing, with child. 

+f. intr. Zo expect for = to look for. Ods. 

1sgr Harincton Ori. Fur. Pref., A Sophister .. made a 
long. . Oration. .expecting at the end thereof for some great 
thankes. 1630 R. Fohnson's Kingd. § Comm. 98 Travel- 
lers .. expecting in an Almanacke for a yeare of Jubile, flie 
over Sea by flocks towards Rome. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s 
Iron Age 277 A peace, for which so many people long, and 
earnestly expect. ees ; 

5. In sense 4 with various additional notions. 

a. In combination with caz, with expressed or 
implied negation, this vb. often = ‘ to look for with 
reason or likelihood, or without great risk of dis- 
appointment’. Cf. count on, rely on, in similar 
connexion. 

16s0 R. Stapytton Strada’s Low-C. Warres Strada to 
Rdr., A History..which I cannot expect should be either 
praised or pardoned. 1759 [see Erroneous 3]. 1848 Mac- 
autay Hist. Eng. 1. 538 The despotic viceroy soon found 
that he could not expect entire support from Argyle. 1871 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 135 Nor can we be expected to be 
deeply moved by a form of art that is so unfamiliar to us. 

To look for as due from another. In 
stronger sense: To look for (something) with an 
implied injunction or requisition. 

1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 184 These Negroes .. impart 
freely of what they have to any civill Traveller, expecting 
some small retribution for their curtesie. 1650 CRoMWELL 
Lett. & Sp. (1871) III. 104, I expect it be encouraged. 1690 
Dryven Amphitryon Pref., There is a Pride of doing more 
than is expected from us. 1711 Appison Sect. No. 115 P5 
Providence furnishes Materials, but expects that we should 
work them up ourselves. 1729 BuTLER Sev. Wks. 1874 
II. 72 The unhappy, from whom can be expected no returns 
either of present entertainment or future service. 1805 
NE son in Southey Zi/_ ix, [Nelson’s last signal] England 
expects every man to do his duty ! 1818 WHaTeEty Commi. 
Bk. (1864) 97 Thus I may fairly expect that one who has 
received great kindness from me should protect me in dis- 
tress. 1884 Punch 6 Dec. 276/1 What do you expect me 
to do? 1890 Besant Demonzac v. 55 The crew won't ex- 
pect any drink. : 

+e. Hence of things, conditions, etc. : To call 


for, need, require. Ods. 

1664 J. SrryPe in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 181, I am 
sensible of the charges that a College life doth expect. 1687 
J. Boyse in Thoresby’s Corr. (ed. Hunter) I. 93 One asser- 
tion in it I could not but think expected greater evidence. 
169t T. H[ALe] Acc. New Invent. 29 To order the doing of 
that now, which the Practice of the Navy..would have ex- 
pected their having done long since. 

6. To anticipate that it will turn out to be 
the case that; hence, to suspect, suppose, sur- 
mise. 

Now rare in literary use. The misuse of the word as a 
synonym of szffose, without any notion of ‘ anticipating’ 
or ‘looking for’, is often cited as an Americanism, but is 
very common in dialectal, vulgar or carelessly colloquial 
speech in England. 

1592 Unton Corr. (Roxb.) 382 It is expected that the Duke 
of Guiese’s horse was shott under him. 1607 TourNneuR 
Rev. Trag. v. i, The Duchesse is expected fowly bent. 
1645 in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 346, 1..expect they [the 
forces] are much stronger than I am made believe. 1763 
T. Jerrerson Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 186, I say Aas deen, because 
I expect there is one [an opening] no longer. 1785 /déd. I. 
384. 1812 — Writ, (1830) 1V. 177. 182x WHeweLt in Tod- 
hunter Acc. W.’s Wes. (1876) II. 43, I expect they are of a 
character which will not set ee upon making comparisons. 
1856 Sebastopol 11. xiv. 385, 1 expect my friend was a para- 

‘on of sanctity, 1861 Sir G. W. Dasent Burnt Nyal I. 
Pref. viii, It is an old saying, that a story never loses in 
telling, and so we may expect it must have been with this 
story. 1877 W. H. Matiock New Republic (1878) 184 Now, 
I expect, ly Ambrose, that, in its true sense, you know 
a good deal more history than you are aware of. 

+ Expe'ct, sd. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] = Ex- 
PECTATION 3. : 

1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 4 Not for the expect of any 
vayne glorye. 1606 SHaks. 77. & Cr. 1. iii. 70 Speak Prince 
of Ithaca, and be ’t of lesse expect, That matter needless. . 
Divide thy lips, than, etc. 


EXPECTANCY. 


Expectable (ekspektab’l), a. Also 7 evron. 
expectible. [ad. L. exsfectabilis, f. exspectare : 
see Exprct v. and -ABLE.] To be expected. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. v. § 3. 85 Nor is its 
substantiall conversion expectible in any composition or ali- 
ment wherein it is taken. 1653 GauDEN //zerasf. 18 It is 
not expectable, that ministers should increase in favor with 
God and man, unless, etc. @ 1677 Barrow Serv. Wks. 1686 
II. xviii, 261 In that measure which is expectable from the 
natural infirmity..of man. 1886 Tupper My Lifeas Author 
230 It is expectable they [telescopes] would show us only 
our own composites in those of other worlds. 

{| [Erron. after Sp. espectadle, ad. L. spectabile-m : 
see SPECTABLE.] Distinguished, illustrious. 

1574 HeLtowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. 175 Expectable 
gentleman, and magnificent knight. /é7d. 197 Right ex- 
pectable and noble knight, I haue receaued your letter. 

+ Expectaltee. Obs. rare. [? Corruption of 
Sp. esfectante, one who is on the look-out.] 

1654 Wuittock Zootomia A, Peeces compiled .. out of 
Plutarchs fulness..would undoubtedly fill the mouth of the 
most gaping Expectaltee among Readers. did. A vij, To 
all gaping Expectaltees (that look for more than here they 
are like to finde) my Book replyeth [etc.]. : 

Expectance (ekspe'ktins). [f. L. expectantia, 
n. of state f. expectant-em : see EXPECTANT.] 

1. The action or state of waiting for anything. 
In later use only with mixture of sense 2 in phrase 
After long expectance. Somewhat arch. 

1603 Knoties “Hist. Turks (1621) 1092 At length after 
long expectance .. they were..brought forth into the field. 
1628 Dicny Voy. Medit. (1868) 4 In expectance of the others 
companie, 1682 WHELER Yourn. Greece 1. 20 After a long 
and fruitless expectance of Succours. @1717 PARNELL Gift of 
Poetry (1758) 149 Long expectance of a bliss delay’d Breeds 
anxious doubt. 1724 Swirt Drapier’s Lett. iv, The ad- 
dresses of both houses after long expectance produced no- 
thing but a report in favour of Wood. 1818 R. Soutney in 
Q. Rev. XVIII. 8 The slow season of expectance past, True 
Love..[might] Requite the sorrows of this hard delay. 
1863 KincLake Crimea II. 249 Nowat length, and after long 
expectance, they indeed would go into action. 

+b. With indirect question: The state of wait- 
ing to know. Ods. 

1606 Suaxs. 77. & Cv. 1v. v. 46 There is expectance here 
from both the sides, What further you will doe? 

2. The action of mentally looking forward to 
the occurrence of anything, or to the coming of 
any one; anticipation; = EXPECTATION 2 and 3. 
Obs. or arch. 

1640 Suincspy Diary (1836) 64 Great expectance their is 
of a happy Parliament. @1641 Br. R. Mountacu Acés §& 
Mon. (1642) 427 They. .make him stay, and stand without in 
expectanceawhole yeere. 1691 ‘I’. H[ate] Acc. New Jnvent. 
p. xc, Their expectance of being better used abroad. 1768- 
74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 330 Some particular person 
in whom that general expectance might centre. 1814 Cary 
Dante (Chandos) 173 The thirst did feel abatement of its 
edge E’en from expectance. 

b. In phrases Against, beyond expectance, to 
answer expectance. ? Obs. 

1631 R. H. Avvraignm. Whole Creature x. § 1.74 They 
answere not expectance. 1659 Lady Alimony V. vi. in Hazl. 
Dodsley X1V. 365 Who..rais'd their ruin’d fortunes Above 
expectance! 1756 Burke Sw. § B.1v. xvii, When any 
thing happens against the expectance of the mind. 

+e. The state or condition of being expected. 


In phrase, Jv expectance. Obs. 

1611 Cotcr. s.v. Expectative..Benefices conferez en ex- 
pectative, in reversion, or expectance. 1640 FULLER 
Yoseph’s Coat iii. (1867) 127 In hope and expectance he hath 
the reversion of heaven and happiness. 

+d. A resource from which results are expected. 


Cf. hope. Obs. 

a1668 Davenant Siege of Rhodes Wks. (1673) 33 Being 
to their last expectance driven, Ianthe, now they cry! 

+8. Ground, reason, or warrant for expecting ; 
prospect of attaining to something. Cf. ExPEc- 
TANCY 2b, 4, ExPECTATION 4, 4b. Ods. 

1602 Warner Add. Eng. Epit. (1612) 373 The expectance 
of the Crowne in Right .. rested in this Edgar. 1603 
Knoiies Hist. Turks (1621) 1385 Being a man of small 
fortune, and little expectance in his owne countrey. 1650 R. 
SrapyLton Strada’s Low-C. Warres 1x. 36 There could be 
no exspectance of a forrein expedition. 1701 N. WILson in 
Keble Lie Bp. Wilson (1863) 1. 158 Wishing that they may 
live so as to have a just expectance of that blessed immor- 
tality. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison I. ii. 7 Having a good 
estate in possession ; fine expectances besides. 1793 Mrs. 
E. Parsons Woman as she should be 1. 153 An aunt..from 
whom he has great expectances. 

+4, That which is expected. Obs. 

1684 Z. Cawprey Cert. Salvation 30 Towards his servants 
he was so just, that he .. gave them all their due Expect- 
ances, and, etc. : 

Expectancy (ekspe‘ktansi). Also 7 expec- 
tansie. [ad. L. expectantia: see prec. and -ANCY.] 
+1. = Expecrance 1. Obs. rave. aa 
1649 G. Dantet Trinarch., Hen. IV, cxxi, Only this is 

worth The King’s Expectancie. | 

2. The quality or state of being expectant ; often, 
the action or fact of expecting (= EXPECTANCE 2) ; 
also, an instance of this ; a counting on; a forecast, 
calculation. 

1600 Hottanp Livy 1187 The Macedonians, who depended 
upon the hope and expectancie of their aid. 1656 JEANES 
Mixt. Schol. Div. 131 It gives therefore an assured expec- 
tancy of a better life after death. a 1714 Suarp Ser. (1754) 
I. ii. 34 How often doth a man do that in the fury and ex- 


EXPECTANT. 424 
pectancies of lust, for which [etc.]. Cocan Eth. Treat. | issue, was settled by statute. Ln 74 Tucker Lt, Nat. 
paar othe degrees of ou sae paw og IL. want Ge tok tects fae gee we 
iccess. , Fort o t 
peti e lati and lhe “of h ity. tal Br Vette sah he the remainder-man, 
1876 Gro. Etior Dan, Der. v. xi, "The first. pted sus- the estate tail. 


icion. ve way to a more submissive expectancy, 
. b. “p. The position of being entitled. to any 
possession at some future time, either as a re- 
mainder, or reversion, or on the death of some one. 
18rr L. M. Hawkins C’tess & Gertr. I. 37 Miss Toms, the 


great heiress in a Sa ntosH France in 
irs, Lakes 18461 = po ne th -in the sale of 
Miss Brovauros As a Flower xi. 105 Happy partly in 
present Tuition, more in expectancy. 
¢, That from which expectations are entertained. 
arch. Cf. hope and EXPEcTANCE 2 d. 
1602 Suaxs. Ham. m1. i. 160 Th’ expectansie and Rose of 


the faire State. 1805 Worpsw. Prelude xe Wks. Saher Mor- 
ley) 280/2 The Nation hailed Their 


looked forward to; esp. in Law fit 2b). 
1598 Kitcnin Courts ‘Levt (3676) 305 The Fee was but in ex- 
pectancy. 1767 Biackstone Comm. II. 482 The bankrupt 
.is bound..to make a full discovery of all his estate and 
effects, as well in expectancy as possession. 1777 Burke 
Corr. (1844) II. 200 A practical reputation, to do any good, 
must be in possession, not in expectancy. 1 Dickens Nich, 
Nick. xxii, The whole capital which icho 
entitled to either in pc i reversion, r der, or ex- 
pectancy. 1848 WHarton Law Lex. 241/1s.v. Expectation, 
A sum of money in “expectancy. .has a determinate value. 
b. Anything in expectancy; anything which a 
person is entitled to expect. 
{1767 Biackstone Comm. II. 163 Of ex 
are two sorts; one..called a remainder; t 


tancies there 
e other. .called 


a reversion.]} 1858 Lp. St. Leonarps Handy BR. Prop. Law | 


xx. 152 You may devise and bequeath any of your expec- 
tancies. 1883 Stubbs’ Mercantile Circ. 8 Nov. 1000/2 Taking 
an assignment of her expectancy for what it is worth. 

4. The extent to which expectation may be 
reasonably cherished ; prospective chance of posses- 
sion, or of the occurrence of an event. 

1620 Hore Subsec. 454 From meane fortunes ex 
cannot be great. 1793 Burke Rem. Policy Allies Wks. 1842 
I. 594, 1.. have been taught. .to moderate my calculation of 
the expectancy of human abilities. 1879 Gro. Exior Theo. 
Such xv, Calculating expectancy concerning parishoners’ 
turkeys. 

Expectant (ckspektant), #/. a. and sé. [a. 
Fr, expectant, or perh. ad. its original L. ex(s\pec- 
tant-em, pr. pple. of exspectdre: see EXPECT.] 

A. ad). 

1. That is in an attitude or state of expectation ; 
waiting, looking out. Const. + for, of, + 07. 

cxg00 Rom. Rose 4571 Abide in hope. Expectant ay tille 
I may mete. 14.. Purific. Mary in Tundale’s Vis. (1843) 
131 Symeon. . That was expectaunt..On the comfort and con- 
solacion of Isrel. 1641 Sir E. Derinc Sp. on Relig. 22 Nov. 
xv. 65 The people are expectant for a Declaration. 1730-6 
in Battey (folio). 

-Now lifts an anxious and expectant eye, Courtin the 
wonted caress. 1856 Mrs. BrowntinG Aur. Leigh w. 
899 Romney at the porch Looked out expectant of the 
bride. 1862 Trencu Mirac. xv. (ed. 3) 253 From among 
this suffering expectant multitude Christ singles out one. 
1872 A. W. Hutton Posit. Catholics in Ch. Eng. 33 The 
Church Militant, the Church Expectant. 

b. esp. That has the prospect, in ordinary course, 
of succeeding to a possession, office, etc., or of 
occupying a certain position ; ‘ that is to be’ (so- 
and-so). Also, that expects, thinks himself likely, 
to be appointed to an office, etc. 

1393 Gower Conf. 1. 216 As he that tho was apparant Upon 
the regne expectant. 1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. 
Bk, (1855) 57 The supplicatioun presentit by Johne Somer- 
vaill, expectant minister. a169r Br. Bartow Rem. (1693) 
276 The Supernumerary expectant Clergy. 1714 Swirt 

res. State Affairs Wks. 1755 11.1. 220 ees artificially 


ctancies 


raised in the mind_of the expectant heir. Lytton 
Calderon, A = aa Catholic, expectant of the inal’s hat. 
1886 Law s LXXXII. 94/2 An expectant occupier 


_ a locus standi to apply for the renewal of a public-house 
cence. 

e. Eng. Law (see quot.). 

ke Sir % Jesset io Rep. 10 Chance. Appeals 391 That 

jar position of | reversioner or remaindersman which is 

oddly enough d 
is used, not in its literal ry 
one who has the hope of succession to the property of an 
ancestor. 

2. Characterized by expectation or waiting for 
the course of events ; esp. in Medicine, in expectant 
method, etc. (see uot, 1866). 

1816 Sourney in a a xv 513 — be ve 
physicians, such 
tem. 1860 Mottey Nether?. a8 i iii. e The policy’ of 
England d to be and dilatory. A. 
Fuint Princ. Med. (1880) 112 The treatment of a disease is 
expectant whenever the physician does not attempt to 
abridge or arrest it, but strives to aid in conducting it to a 


favorable termination. bel 
ancy, or belon, 
Frben, 


d as an exp heir. This phrase 


3. Law. Existing in ex 
one in reversion or remainder ; reversionary. 


in ordinary lang.: To be expected or antici ted. 
1628 Cute itt. at He hoki i on 


. The state or condition ‘of be ing expectad, or | 


| in reversion, the next heir, etc. 
| expectant heir: see A. 1c. 


s found himself | 


| the crown, and others to the expectant. 


| fail to disappoint. 


1801 SoutHey 7halaéa 1. xvii, Hisdog | 


Jarman ‘powell’: Devises a amr othe fee 


on 
wife's life estate. Act 21-2 Vict. c 11 in Oxf. & 
Camb. Enactm. 264 reversion tuunediately expectant 
be Waco A 


1. One who expects an arrival, occurrence, etc. ; 
one who looks to receive acuneting 

a166r Futter Worthies, fag se eon (Sir Julius — 
though heaved at by some Expectants, my te still in 

1664 H. More Myst. Inig. Apol. 539 Eager A A 

tants of this great iness. = Ae Cotter Ref, Ridic. 235 
Ll sabes a: all their eg my, big om its to all their 
whims and fancies. 1 ‘ore Odyss. 1. 323 Vain expectants 
of the bridal hour. 1468 J . G. Mureny Comm. Ex, xxxii. 1 
Moses delayed, titerally, pat the expectants to shame by 
his non-appearance. 1877 KincLake Crimea Lae 6) V. i. 235 
From moment to moment he was an e it of death. 

2. One entitled to expect something to which he 
will succeed or come in due course, as an owner 


In Eng. Law = 


1625-8 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. w. 564 Those that are 
Expectants of the Crown. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes III. 
ix. 127 This puts. .the Expectant, to fresh charge. 
KettLewett Serm. Death Ld. Digby 3 Those who are 
now no longer .. Expectants, but inherit the Promises. 
1751 Lp. Harpwicke 2 Ves. Sr. 157 
which infects catching bargains with heirs, reversioners, or 
expectants, in the life of the father, etc. 1788 H, WALPOLE 
Remin. iii, 27 Some devoting themselves to the wearer of 
1817 CANNING in 
Parl. Deb. 330 The impatient expectants of a dilapidated 
inheritance. 1853 MarspEn Zarly Purit, 186 James, King 
of Scotland, the eager expectant of their throne. 

b. A candidate for, or one who expects, any 
office or employment. In Scotland, formerly, ‘a 
candidate for the ministry who has not yet re- 
ae a license to preach the gospel’ (Jam.). 

cage Assembly Glasgow 7 Aug. Jam, ° expectant 
rmitted to preach in publike 
e be tryed after the same manner. 1 


shall be 
til first 


Issach. in Phenix (1708) II. 264 Students in Divinity.. are | 


enrol’d Expectants of such or such a Presbytery. 1647 N. 
Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. vi. (2799) 28 This may give some 
liking to the present Incumbents, but not to the Expectants. 
1692 in ¥. Kisher’s Life i. 10 [They would be pleased] to 
desire Mr, Thomas Fisher expectant..to come and preach 
to them. 1802 An, Reg. 2 The spirit of violence . 
manifested..by..the expectants of government. 1852 Sik 
W. Hamitton Discuss. 401 A clerical Be a whose 
hopes are bounded by a College living. MAcauLay 
Hist. Eng. U1. 295 Name whom he Sack e could not 
-a multitude of expectants. 

Hence Expe‘ctantly ad/v., in an expectant man- 
ner; in the attitude of expectation. 

1857 W. Cottins Dead Secret (1861) sl His head turned 
expectantly in the direction in which he had last heard. .his 
wife’s voice. 1876 Geo, Etiot Dan. Der. tv. xxx, The 
children. .stood in front of her with their sweet faces up- 
turned expectantly. 

Expectation (ekspekté'-fon). [ad. L. expecta- 
tion-em, n. of action f. exspectare to EXPECT. 


1. The action of waiting ; the action or state of | 


waiting for or awaiting (something). 
with gap of sense 2: Ex 

1550 Bate /: e Both Ch. Biiij, Dilygent Expectacion in 
the faith of Gc s promyses. x60 SHaks. Fud. C. 1. i. 46 
[You] haue sate The liue-long day, with patient expectation, 
To see great Pompey. 1605 — car Iv. iv. 23 Our —— 
tion stands In expectation of them. c 1667 Soutn 
Consecration (1715) 282 A daily Expectation at the Gate, i is 
the readiest Way to gain Admittance into the House, 
Bentiey Pref, to Dryden's Mistaken Husband 250 This 
Play was left in Mr. Dryden's hands many years since. 
After Twelve years expectation, Mr. Dryden gave it to the 
Players. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. 
xxvii, 221 After another hour of cold expectation they came 
again. 

b. =Expectant method: see Expectant A. 2. 

1689 G. Harvey (title), The Art of Curing Diseases by 
Expectation, 1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 112 The 
—— of a disease bd ex i consists in watching 
carefully its progress, and meeting with appropriate measures 
unfavorable events as they pt ag 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

¢e. attrib., as in expectation-week (see quot.). 


Now only 
t waiting. 


1622 SPARROW Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 196 Sunday after As- 
cens. This is called Ex ompe pe for now the A; 
were. .expecting the fulfil Hg of ce ise of our 


2. The action of —, g for some one 
to come, forecasting something to j aah, or anti- 
rene something to be received ; anticipation ; 

ived idea or opinion with ‘regard towhat 
pt 1 take place. Phrases, Against, beyond, contrary 
to, + out G7, ete. expectation. 

Asp. Hamitton Categh. (1884) Expectatioun or 
kg for he blys of hevin® 3 F Even 71 Treat. Newe Ind. 
theyr hope & expectation. 1 Fu rogers mm 
Sasi pusbeten won locke Than wuar,. daeuke — eo 

eer stones, which terra though it be out & panna 
Beast seeing it is not out of their expectation. 1563 
ING Caesar 149. contrarye to theyr expectacion, 


1670 Sir T. Cutperer Necess. Abatii Usury 13 Uy 
——— of a long.. ve he. to be on io 
venture on Improvements ae and expectant. 1 
BiacksTone Come. I, 217 On her. .the remainder of the 
crown, expectant on the death of king William .. without 


saw vs..return. 1599 Suaks. Much Ado u, 
fi, 20 If he do not doat on her vpon this wil neuer trast 
avs expectation. 1603 Danret on ca ak Ixi, Where 

mens expectations intertaine ory ee = iat 
Butter Anad. Introd. Wks. 1874 Ourenge expectations th t 
others will act so and so in such circumstances. 1767 Gooc 


| hest Pr i 
7 (The epecies of fraudj | is in the highest Expectations. 1772 PriestLey Just. 


fore a ——- j 


| Scandal i. iii, I have a rich aid wench tg 
| the greatest expectations. 


| in the shell..all is there oy! in expectation. 
| Int, Powers u, xx. 271 Beli 


EXPECTATIVE. 
Treat. Wounds 1, 404 Nature, assisted wee perfected a 
‘ond Anecd, W. ~~ IIL, xliv. 
cole wiitine cemiel mark of 


oo that [etc.]. peed 8 | Serm. nrg W. iii, 
1863) I. 22 Their attitude: 
the coming of the Lord. 1874 Green 
ever excited higher 


i 


something as one’s due 

(cf. Exprot 5b); in g/. what one looks for or 
— Mtoe? Y II. h those pri 

in Nici ee Lat tates) pip — 


position with regard to what is present 
or past. Cf. Exprcr v. 6. 
1793 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) III. 548 The es 
= you are always from to 
3822 Mrs. Fe Natuan Langreath veath IIL. 88 A f A fon. ex- 
eciaion that the Duke had come in search of her. 
3. The state or condition of expecting or mentally 
looking for something ; the mental attitude of one 


who expects ; € 


Parival's Iron A 
his death, and in hour! 1667 
Mitton P. ZL. x. 782 No fear of worse. sien — = 
With cruel expectation. 1745 Fortunate Orphan 23: =o . 
eng. 


Gt II. 99 Expectation begi: gins to a in the infant 
u a Course T. 1x, U; he tiptoe raised 


of pectin Sy 1864 Spectator 4 eur . that sub- 
stitute the flutter of expectation for mn mg 


Ground or warrant for expecting; the condi- 
tion of being likely, or entitled, to receive or ex- 
perience something in the future. 

1611 Biste Ps, Ixii. 5 My soule wait thou onely vpon God; 


for my expectation is from him. 1708 Atrersury Serm. on 
Fob xxii. (1723) I. 198 To whom can we betake our selves 
with pases old xpectations to succeed in our Addresses ? 


b. f/. Prospects of inheritance or of profiting by 
testament. 


20,0007. Se besides 
rom whom I have 
1837 Lytton £. Maltrav. 45 
I have what are called expectations. 186x Dickens 


O yes; 
| (title), "Great Expectations. 


+c. = ExpecrativE B. 2. Obs. rare—'. 

1536 Latimer in 27 5 ens (1362) 9 b, Some brought forth 
Canonizations, some Expectations, some pluralities and 
vnions. 

5. The state or condition of being expected; only 
in phrase 7 expectation. 

1657 J. Smitrn Myst. Rhet. 252 Desire ..is a strange 
countrey..where corn is still in grass..and ieee 
5 EID 
of good or ill either —_ 
or in expectation. 1832 Wenster s.v., A sum of money 
in expectation, when an event happens, has a deter 
value before that event 


+6. Of (great, ete. Tor som Free a 


le of a man. 
7. That which is expected; the object of ex- 
pectance; a thing ex or looked forward to. 
"1596 Suaxs. x Hen. J 2m af She bone ane rear 


tion of thy time Is ruin’d. ie3 Mitton P. ook 
understent Why our great expectation should ate the 
seed of Woman. 


8. The degree of probability of the occurrence 


WEBSTER 5. V., If the chances of receiving or not re- 
undred dollars. .are equal; then .. 


ng the gi annuitants. 
tive me eo ktativ), a. and sb, [ad. 
ex(s\pectatious, f. ex(s\pectére to Expect] 


TOF or pertaining to expectation. : 
a. Canon law. peng, Pratirg cs of or ing 


grace; a mandate given by the pope or king con- 

ferring the expectation or right of su to 
benefice. 

ae Se. Acts Fas. ln oy Syl Quhat tym cd be ote 

that ne or personis 

expectavis 


acceptis or purchessis Fee oon idy 4 
5 eidene’ ‘omm. of Rome. 
Soa “s poe yobs! «haue deriued “al the 


EXPECTED. 


gaine to Rome. 1619 I. Mason Christ's Vict. 148 Expect- 
atiue Aduousons are graunted without number. 1751 
Cuampers Cycl., Expectative Canons were such as did not 
officiate in the Canonries to which they belonged. ézd., 
In France .. the right of conferring expectative graces, is 
looked on as one of the regalia. x Rosertson Chas. V, 
II. 1, 112 Expectative graces. .were brought into use, 
+b. gen. Of prospective effect. Ods. 

1630 S. Warp in Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 440 Ablution of 
infants from original sin is only conditional and expectative. 
1653 H. WuistLer Ufshot Inf. Baptisne 17 The Covenant of 
baptism holding out such expectative grace of Repentance. 

2. Characterized by waiting for events; = Ex- 
PECTANT A. 1, Ib. 

1611 Cotcr., Expectatif, -ive, expectative. 1689 G. Har- 
vey Curing Dis. by Expect. xxiii, 206 To give you an in- 
stance of its expectative mode of curing. 1847 in Cratc. 
1870 Daily News 11 Oct., ‘We are preserving’, they say, 
‘a dignified expectative attitude’. 

» SO, 

+1. Something in expectation ; an expectancy ; 
= Exprcration 6. Ods. 

@ 1528 Sxeton Jmage Hypocr. Wks. 11. 343 His expecta- 
tives Many a man unthrives, 1618 Wotton Lezé. in Relig. 
Wotton. (1672) 486, I am abundantly satisfied in some Ex- 
pectatives, @1631 Donne Sevm, xil. 119 Though Blessed- 
nesse seem to be but an Expectative, a reversion reserved 
tothe next Life. 1758 Cuesterr. Lett. IV. 137 He is young 
enough to forgive and to be forgiven the possession and the 
expectative at least for some years. 

2. = Expectative grace (see A. 1). 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 4/t The .. reservations, ex- 
pectatives, and such other proceedings of the popes pre- 
tended jurisdiction. 1616 N. Brent tr. Sarpi’s Hist. Counc. 
Trent (1676) 714 Expectatives .. did make the incumbents 
death to be desired. 1725 tr. Dupin’s Eccl. Hist. 17th C. 
I. u. iii. 47 The Council of Basle .. abolish’d the Expecta- 
tives..and all the other exactions of the Court of Rome. 
1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872) II. 213 Gregory IX pre- 
tended to act generously in limiting himself to a single ex- 
pectative. 1838 Prescotr Ferd. § Js. II. 475 Ximenes 
obtained a papal bull, or expectative, preferring him to the 
first benefice. .which should become vacant. 

Expected (ekspektéd), 277. a. 
+-ED1.] Looked for, anticipated. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 28 You would ac- 
cording to your honourable promises have done me an ex- 
pected good. 1664 H. More Myst. Jnig. 109 That expected 
eminent false prophet who does antichristianly oppose him- 
self against the Spirit of truth. 1712 Porr Messiah 21 Swift 
fly the years, and rise th’expected morn! 1828 Scotr /. 
M. Perth xix, Busied with things about the expected com- 
bat. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. ror Fear is not of the 
present..but is of future and expected evil. A/od, The mod. 
English gzve is irregular ; the expected form would be yeve. 

Hence Expe‘ctedly adv., in the manner ex- 
pected, according to expectation ; cf. unexpectedly. 

1758 H. Watrote Let. H. Mann 31 May, Lord Mans- 
field..unexpectedly is supported by the late Chancellor... 
and very expectedly by Mr. Fox. 

Expecter (ekspe’ktoz). “Also 6-8 expector. 
[f. as prec. +-ER1,] 

1. One who expects (in senses of vb.) ; one who 
looks for a person or thing to arrive. 

1584 R. Parsons Copy of Letter 107 Wher she is like by 
nature to out-liue the expector. 1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie 
of God 723 Hee [Christ] must. .be desired of the expecters. 
1670 EAcHarD Cont. Clergy Pref., I am not..any expecter 
of a reign of nothing but saints and worthies. 1725 Swirt 
Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 575 These are not likely to be great 
expecters [Wks. ed. 1745 expectors] under your excellency’s 
administration. 1775 in As; whence in mod. Dicts. 

2. Name of a religious sect (see quot.) 

1645 Pacitr Heresiogr. (ed. 4)145 Many have wrangled 
so long about the Church, that at last they have quite lost 
it, and go under the name of Zxfecters and Seekers. 

Expectible, incorrect f. ExPECTABLE, 

Expecting (ekspektin), v/. sd. [f. Expect 2. 
+-ING1.] The action of the vb. Exprcr; expect- 
ation. Now only gerundial. 

1606 Drumm. or Hawrn. Let, Wks. 232 After many re- 
eed and long expecting, the king of Denmark is coming 

ither. 16r7 Hirron Wks. II. 296 Sometimes, some vn- 
seasonablenesse of the yeere frustrates his expecting. 

Lg pee ppl. a. [f. as prec. +-ING2.] 

1, That expects; expectant. 

_1714Swirt Pres. St. Affairs Wks. 1755 II. 1. 219 That 
impatience which the frailty of human nature gives to ex- 

ecting heirs. 1726 Cuetwoop Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 80 

e Captain came in with an expecting Face. 1804 JANE 
Austen Watsons (1879) 319 Her little expecting partner. 
1842 G. S. Faner Provinc. Lett. (1844) I. 95 To reside and 
labour in his own expecting Greek Diocese. 

92. catachr. =Exprctep. Ods. rare—'. 

162r Lavy M. Wrotu Urania 496 The Campe they gained 
the night before the expecting time of Combat. 

Hence Expe'ctingly adv., in an expecting man- 
ner or attitude ; expectantly. 

3 DrvDEN Fuvenal vi, Prepar’d for fight, expectingly 
she lies. 1833 Blackw. Mag. XXXIII. 112 The waiter was 
standing expectingly. 1838 New Monthly Mag. LII. 195 
Firmly, yet expectingly, sat the last woman. 1872 Zi¢. 
World 6 Jan. 1 We thought well enough of Napoleon III. 
to listen expectingly for some word [etc.]. 

+ Expe’ction. 0ds. Also 6 expeccion. [erron. 
f. Expecr, after apparent analogy of inspect, in- 
spection.] = EXProraTion. 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 520/1 There is .. nowe 
lefte vs .. a i fy expeccion and lookyng for of iudge- 
ment. 1568 C. Watson Polyd. 856 Acquiting himself very 
well of the expection which the people conceived: of him. 
1640 ogee and Bij/2 Shee makes my patience tyre 

OL, . 


[f. Expxcr v. 


425 


With so much expection. 1658 W. Burton /tin. Anton, 
136 So impatient was his expection. 

xpe'ctive, a. rare. [erroneously f. ExPEct, 
after apparent analogy of respect, respective: cf. 
prec.] = EXPECTATIVE. 

1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 221 Provisions, Reservations 
Expective graces, etc. have no place in France. 1882- 
Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. U1. 2559/1 [Ximenes] visite 
Rome, and returned. .with an expective letter from the Pope 
on the archpriestship of Uzeda. 

+ Expe‘ctless, z. Os. rave—'. [f. Exprct v. 
or sb, +-LESS.] Unexpected, unlooked for. 

1607 Cuarpman Rev. Bussy D’Ambois 1. Dij b, 124 When 
hee saw mee enter so expectlesse. 

Expector: see EXPECTER. 

Expectorant (ekspektdrant), a. and sd. [ad. 
L. expectorant-em, pr. pple. of expectorare: see 
next. Cf. Fr. expectorant.] 

A. adj. That promotes expectoration. 

1811 A. T. THomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 387 Storax is 
stimulant, and in some degree expectorant. 1884 S/av- 
dard 7 Jan. 2/6 He prescribed an expectorant medicine. 

B. sb. An expectorant medicine. 

1782 E. Gray in Med. Commun. 1. 36 Expectorants seem 
to have been veryseldom given. 1834 J. Forses Laennec’s 
Dis. Chest 229 Expectorants, such as squills, and especially 
antimony, 1875 H.C. Woop Therap. (1879) 522 Expec- 
torants may be arranged under two heads; the nauseant 
or sedative expectorants, and the stimulating expectorants. 

Expectorate (ekspe'ktéreit), v. Also 7 -at. 
[f. L. expectorat- ppl. stem of expectorare, f. ex- 
(see Ex- pref!) + pector-, pectus the breast; in 
class. L. only in sense 3. Cf. Fr. exfectorer.] 

+1. ¢vans. Of a drug or its action: To clear, 
drive out (phlegm, etc.) from the chest or lungs. 

1601 Hotianp Pliny xxiv. xvi, As well the one as the 
other, doth expectorat the fleame gathered in the chest, 
1656 Cucreprer Eng. Physic. Ent. 80 The Decoction of the 
Herb [crosswort] in Wine helpeth to expectorate flegm out 
of the chest. 1678 Satmon Lond. Disfens. 769/1 Green 
Oyntment..is given. .to..expectorate flegm. 

absol. 1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 121 It [the 
Electuary].. powerfully expectorates. 

2. To eject, discharge (phlegm, etc.) from the 
chest or lungs by coughing, hawking, or spitting. 

1666 G. Harvey Mord. Angl. (1672) xxiii, Excrementitious 
humours such as are expectorated by a Cough. 1732 
Arsutunot Riles of Diet 334 Morbifick Matter is..expec- 
torated by Coughing. 1846 G. E. Day tr. S7son's Anim. 
Chem. II. 71 Thick clots of mucus are expectorated in 
the morning. 1861 F. H. Ramapce Curab. Consumption 
30 He expectorated blood. 1877 Rozerts Handbk. Med, 
(ed. 3) I. 360 Laryngeal tissues may be expectorated. 

Jig. 1782 V. Knox Ess. vi, All the venom which a viru- 
lent party could expectorate upon them, 1831 CarLyLe 
Sart, Res. (1858) 67 Teufelsdréckh had not already expecto- 
rated his antipedagogic spleen. - 

b. absol.; often = to spit. 

1827 Lytron Pelham ii, The men [at Cambridge]. .expec- 
torated on the floor, 1882 Quan Dict. Med. s.v. Expecto- 
vation, By teaching the patient ‘how to expectorate’ life 
may be prolonged. 

3. +a. To expel from the ‘breast’ or mind 
(0bs.). b. ref. and ztr. for ref. To ease or re- 
lieve one’s mind. 

1621 S. Warp Life of Faith (ed. 2) vii, Hath it [faith] not 
soueraigne’vertue in it to.. expectorate all feares? 1656 
Trapp Comm, Matt, xxiii. 17 The dust of covetousness 
had put out the eyes of these buzzards, and expectorated 
their understandings. 1667 WaTERHOUSE /ire Lond. 185, 
I could enlarge in this Subject which is so pleasing to me, 
to expectorate my self by. 1754 H. WaALPpoLe Cor”. (1837) 
I. 246 Sir George came..to expectorate with me as he 
called it, 1865 CarLyLe Fredk. Gt. xvin. vii, Friedrich 
..took to verses, by way of expectorating himself. 

Hence Expe‘ctorated #//. a. Expe'ctorating 
vbl, sb. Expe*ctorating £f/. a. = EXPECTORANT a, 

1656 RivcLey Pract. Physick 212 Give expectorating 
means. 1732 ArputHnot Rules of Diet 266 Substances 
expectorating are such as cleanse and open. 1783 S. Cuap- 
MAN in Med. Commun. 1. 285 From the expectorating 
mixture, he never seemed to receive any benefit. 1809 
Pearson in Phil. Trans. XCIX. 319 This expectorated 
substance swims on water. 1845 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. 
Chem, 1. 335 Dr. Chiaje..found the polystoma sanguiculum 
in the expectorated blood of two phthisical patients, 

Expectoration (ekspe:ktéréi-fon). [f. prec. 
vb. : see -ATION.] 

1. The action or process of expectorating ; dis- 
charge of phlegm from the chest by coughing, etc. 

1672 Sir T, Browne Lett. Friend xv. (1881) 138 Expecto- 
ration and spitting out. 1793 Beppors Comsumpt. 134 
Even when the expectoration .. goes on favourably. 1826 
Scorr Woodst. v, A slight expectoration, just like what one 
makes before beginning a long speech. 1834 J. Forsrs 
Laennec’s Dis. Chest 84 The varying secretion and expec- 
toration of the pearly sputa. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, 
Behav. Wks. (Bohn) II. 382 In the pews of the churches 
[are] little placards. .against..expectoration. _ 

Jig. 1816 Scott Antig. xxii, This expectoration of spleen 
was suddenly interrupted. , : 

2. concr. Expectorated matter; a quantity of it. 

1817 Med. ¥rni. XVII. 557 A considerable expectoration 
mixed with blood, 1843 Aspy Water Cure 31 Slimy glu- 
tinous expectoration frequently. 1879 Kuorz Princ. Med. 
40 Expectoration may contain mucus, pus, or blood. 


Expectorative (ekspektorativ), @, and sd. 
[f. EXpEcTorATE v.: see -ATIVE.] 
A. adj. Of or pertaining to expectoration. 


1883 Grant Waite Adams in Eng. 125 Leaning against 
the stone, he began an expectorative demonstration. 


EXPEDIENCY. 


B. sb, = Exprctorant sd. 

1666 G. Harvey Mord. Angi. (1672) xxvi. 64 Syrups or 
other expectoratives, 

Expectorator (ckspektéreita1). [agent-n. f. 
L. expectordre: see EXPECTORATE.] 

+1. A medicine which promotes expectoration; 
= Expectorant sd. Obs. 

1671 Satmon Syz. Med. ut. xxii. 415 Bitter Vetch .. is an 
Expectorator. 1710 T, Futter Pharm, Extemp. 278 There 
are no such Things as Expectorators. .except Volatiles and 
Balsamics. 

2. One who expectorates or spits; in quot. fig. 

1835 Blackw. Mag. XX XVII. 112 Volumes of the slaver 
(=spittle] .. lettered with the name of the expectorator on 
the outside. 

Expe:ctoratory. zonce-wd. A place for ex- 
pectorating ; a spitting-place. 

1836 Blackw. Mag. XXXI1X. 357 The expectoratory (we 
mean the principal cabin) of a handsome American packet. 

Expede (cksp7-d), v. Sc. Also 7 expeed. 
Pa. pple. 6 expeid, 7 exped, 7-8 expede. [ad. 
L. expedire: see EXPEDITE v.] 

+1. ref. To get (oneself) out of a difficulty; to 
extricate ; = EXPEDITE I b. Ods. 

1645 RutnerForp 7ryal § Tri. Faith (1845) 243 They 
shall never expede themselves. 

+2. trans. To get out of hand; to accomplish, 
complete, dispatch. Cf. EXPEDITE 2 and 3. Ods. 

1513-75 Diurn. Occurr, (Bannatyne Club) 281 Lord Sanct- 
johne. .obtenit litill or nathing of his errands expeid. 1560-1 
Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 10 Vhat the matter may be the 
better & sooner exped. a@ 1657 Sir J. BaLrour Ann. Scot. 
(1824-5) II, 148 The assessor to expeed all bussines the 
second weeke. 1716 Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 145, 1 shall 
omit other things of my..studies till I get that expede. 

3. To send out, issue officially (a document) ; 
= EXxpeDITE 4. To expede letters (Scots Law): 
‘to write out the principal writ, and get it sig- 
neted, sealed, or otherwise completed’ (W. Bell 
Dict. Law Scot. 1861). 

1600 Sc. Acts Fas. VJ (1816) 219 That the said Infeftment 
be expede in dew forme. a 165x CaLpERWwoop //ist, Kirk: 
(1843) II. 495 Als sufficient as if the samine were expede by 
the Generall Assemblie of the kirk. 1679 Burner Hist. Ref. 
I. ii, His Bulls were expeded at Rome. 1687 A. Lovett 
tr. Bergerac’s Comical Hist, u. 136 My Pass-poxts then 
were expeded. 1752 J. Lournian Form of Process (ed. 2) 
218 After the Letters are expede, the private Party employs 
a Macer or Messenger to execute the same. 1827 in Law 
Times Rep. L. 708/2 Executors..with power. .to..expede 
confirmations. 1884 Law Times 8 Mar. 345/2 A Scotch 
notary public will expede a notarial instrument. 

To hasten (a person); to dispatch with all 
speed. Obs, rare. 

1600 in Pitcairn Cri. Trials Scot. 11. 286, I man intreit 
yowr lo[rdship] to expede Bowr. 

Hence Expe‘ding wvé/. sb. 

1895 in Spottiswood Hist. Ch, Scot. v1. (1677) 413 The 
expeding of Signatures. 1678 Trans. Crt. Spain u1. 9 The 
expeeding of Penaltas Commissions. 

aL Bape ears a. Obs, [f. Fr. expedré, pa. pple. 
of expédier, ad. med.L. expediare (=L. expedire): 
see ExpEDE and -aTE*.] Expeditions. 

1658 Evetyn Fr. Gard, (1672) 62 This way .. is more 
prompt and expediate. ; ; 

[Expediate, v. : see List of Spurious Words.] 

Expedience (cksp7‘diéns). [a. Fr. expédience, 
f. expédient ; see EXPEDIENT.] 

+1. a. Haste, speed, dispatch. b. That which 
requires speed ; an enterprise, expedition. Ods. 

@. 1593 SHaks. Rich. //, u. i. 287 Eight tall ships, three 
thousand men of warre Are making hither with all due ex- 
pedience. 1 — Hen. Vw. iti. 70 The French .. will 
with all expedience charge on vs. 

b. 1596 Suaks. x Hen. IV, 1. i. 33 In forwarding this 
deere expedience. 1606 — Ant. §& Cl.1. ii. 185, I shall 
breake The cause of our Expedience to the Queene. 

2. = EXPEDIENCY I. ? Obs. 

1619 W. Scrater Exp. x Thess. (1630) 577 Those expedi- 
ences, which the Lord hath reuealed himselfe willing to 
make knowne, 1638 Cuituincw. Relig. Prot. 1. vi. § 50 
The lawfulnesse and expedience of Latine Service. a 1714 
Suarp Serm. vii. (1754) I. 184 The expedience of actions ; 
that is to say, whether it be best and fittest for a man to 
do them or no. 1781 Cowper Let. Fohnson 27 Nov., Ihave 
doubts about the expedience of mentioning the subject on 
which that paragraph is written. 1804 WELLINGTON in Owen 
Disp. 432 The expedience of admitting the Peishwa to a 
participation in our late conquests. ‘ 

3. = Expepiency 2. //. Interested motives or 


considerations. one: 

1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues § V. 1. 13 Justice is his [the 
honest man’s] first guide, the second law of his actions is 
expedience. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 253 Expedience 
may operate to continue the privilege. 1834 J. H. NewMAN 
Par. Serm. (1837) 1. xxiv. 365 They have sacrificed Truth to 
expedience, 1848 Lytton Harold v1. v, Expediences began 
to dim to his conscience the healthful loveliness of truth. 

Expediency (eksp7‘diénsi). Also 7 expe- 
dency. [f. EXPEDIENT: see -ENCY.] ‘ 

1. The quality or state of being expedient; suit- 
ability to the circumstances or conditions of the 
case; fitness, advantage ; an advantage. 

1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. xxviii. (1627) 281 Though some 
good Schoolemasters doe doubt of the expediency. 166x 
Grand Debate 10 Those who are unsatisfied concerning 
their lawfulness, or expedency. a1677 Barrow Serm. 
xxxii. (1741) II. 333 From a wise consideration of humane 
affairs..we may collect the..expediency, the. . necessity of 

54 


EXPEDIENT, 


a future judgment. 1680 H. Dopwett 2 Left. (1691) Cj b, 
Many other expediencies hereof [of this ium] 
might have been mentioned. 1741 Mippteton Cicero 11, 
1x. 309 In some perplexity .. about the expediency of the 
voyage. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ. m. 194/2 It is not a 
question of expediency, it is a question of r necessity. 

+b. concr. = EXxpepient B. 2. Ods. 

1683 BARNARD Life —— 117 He pi 


a most ex- 
y -.for the satisfé 1 


some scrup 


members, ! 

2. The consideration of what is expedient, as a 
motive or rule of action; ‘ policy ’, prudential con- 
siderations as distinguished from those of morality 
or justice. In mod. use often in a bad sense, the 
consideration of what is merely politic (esp. with 
regard to self-interest) to the neglect of what is 
just or right, 

1612-5 Br. Hatt Contemp. N. T. 1. i, Matters of good 
order in holy affairs may be ruled ..according to reason and 
expediency. 1754 Cuatuam Le?ét. Neier vi. 43, Matters 
of mere expediency, that affect neither honor, morality, or re- 
ligion. 1786 Burke W’. Hastings Wks. 1342 II. 168 Warren 

astings did act .. contrary to his own declared sense of 
expediency, consistency, and justice. 1815 JANE AUSTEN 
Emma i. xviii. 126 Following his duty instead of consulting 
expediency. 1828 D’Israevt Chas. /, IL. ix. 230 Where 
political expediency seems to violate all moral right. 1862 
Ruskin Unto this Last 8 For no human actions ever were 
intended .. to be guided by balances of expediency. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 156 The right of private pro- 
perty is based on expediency. 

b. occas. in £/. Motives of expediency ; the re- 
quirements of expediency. 

1843 CartyLe Past & Pr. (1858) 139 Looming with shapes 
of expediencies. 1859 Mitt Liberty i. 25 These reasons 
must arise from the special expediencies of the case. 

3. Comb. 

1853 G. S. Faser Revival Fr. Emp. 54 Even those wise 
men of this world, our liberalising Expediency-Mongers, 
have been constrained to admit, etc. 

Expedient (eksp7‘diént), a. and si. Forms: 
5 exspedyent, 5-6 expedyent(e, 6 expediente, 
(expedien), 4- expedient. [a. Fr. expédient, ad. 
L. expedient-em, pr. pple. of expedire: see EXPE- 
bite v. In sense 2 the modern adjective follows 
the sense of the L. verb ‘to forward matters, be 
helpful or serviceable’, a development from the 
sense represented by EXPEDITE v. 2.] 

A. adj. 

I. +1. Hasty, ‘expeditious’, speedy. Also, 
of a march: Direct. Ods. Cf, EXPEDITE a. 4. 

c 1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) ut. 817 In ower weyys we be 
expedyent. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. iv. 39 Expedient 
manage must be made my Liege. 1594 — Rich. ///,1. ii. 
217, I will with all expedient duty see you. 1595 — Yokn 
u. i, 60 His marches are expedient to this towne. 

+b. quasi-adv. Nimbly, skilfully. Ods. 

1g09 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. ii, Musyke, the lady excel- 
lent, Played on base organs expedient, 

II. 2. Conducive to advantage in general, or 
to a definite purpose ; fit, proper, or suitable to the 
circumstances of the case. Const. for, + Zo. 

a. as pred. or complement, often with subj. zt, 
and followed by infinitive phrase or noun-sentence. 

1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xix. xxi. (1495) 876 It is 
not expedient .. to reherse alle the causes of wanne colour. 
C14 ypc. Bochas i. xii. (1554) 85a, To their noblesse.. 
Nothing in earth was more expedient. 1519 /nter/. Four 
Elem. in Hazl. Dodsley 1, 17 Those things to know for me 
be full expedient. (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Offices t 
It is expediente that Baptisme be ministred in the Englishe 
tounge. 1586 Cocan Haven Health cxiii. (1636) 114 [Po- 
megranates] that are soure bee more expedient and whole- 
some. 165 Hosses Leviath, u. xvii. 86 What he thinks 
expedient for the common benefit. 1 B. Haruis Pari- 
val's [ron Age 217 That nothing could be more expedient 
to the safety of the common-wealth, than to bring him to 
the Bar of Justice. 1793 T. Jerrerson Writ, (1859) IV. 29 
The President thought it expedient .. to remind our fellow- 
citizens that we were in a state of peace. 1799 Beppors 
Contrib. Phys. & Med. Knowl, 277 These, if not necessary 
to the existence of vegetables, may be expedient to their 
flourishing state, 1841 Myers Cath. 7h. mt. xiii. 160 
Alterations .. become expedient from time to time. 1845 
M:Cuttocn Taxation 1. vi. (1852) 277 It may ., be expe- 
dient, .that roads should be constructed, 

b. qualifying a sb. 

1643 Mitton Divorce Pref. (1851) 18 An expedient liberty 
and truth. 1676-7 Marvett Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 531 To 
propound some expedient proposalls. 1 » TAYLOR in 
Ann, Rev. 1V. 885 The most expedient settlements for a 
trading country. 1842 Catiin NV, Amer, Ind. (1844) 1. 
xviii. 127 The most expedient measures, 1891 F. Hatt in 
Nation (N. Y.) LILI. 447/3 Its [the word gotten] expedient 
disap) nce from Matthew xi. hi 

3. In depreciative sense, ‘ useful’ or ‘ politic’ as 
opposed to ‘just’ or ‘right’. Often adso/. 

1774 Gotpsm. Retal. 40 Too fond of the right to pursue 
the expedient. 186r Mitt U#i/it. ii. 7 The expedient, in 
the sense in which it is op; to the Righ generally 
means that which is expedient for the particular interest 
of the agent himself. 

4. Studious of ‘ expediency’. 

1828 L. Hunt Byron § Contemp. 1. 304 Triflers with 
=< ert word for gain; expedient statesmen. 

1» SO, 

+1, Something that helps forward, or that con- 

duces to an object; a means to an end. Obs, rare. 


1665 Boyie Occas. Refi, ww. viii. (1675) 218 Employing the 
Methods and Er pediiess afforded ph by hoe 667 


| *expedientia EXPEDIENCY + -AL.]} 


426 

Decay Chr, Piety vii. 150 God ., does not project for our 

sorrow, but our innocence; would never have invited 
us to the one, but as an expedient to the other. _ 

b. A medium or means of reconciliation. Ods. 

a 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) I. 

rh with another 


the same author .. 


pleasure 
2. A contrivance or device adopted for attaining 
an end; a resource, ‘ shift’, 


a ie Find expedi for shifting from 
xi. 240 Finding out ients .. for one to 
another ps Sona Puni: : 


mongers shake their heads, 
Hence Expe’dientness, fitness, convenientness. 
r in Battey (folio). 1775 in Asu. 
iential (ekspe:dijenfal), a. [f. as if L. 


Of, pertaining 
to, or having regard to what is expedient. 

1850 Kincstey Kaleigh Misc. I. 65 A worldly expedien- 
tial letter, appealing to low motives. a1855 Hare in F. 
Hall Mod. Eng. vii. 316 note, An expediential policy. 
~ Sat. Rev. 12 Apr. 434/1 The expediential issues in 
volved in the Home Rule question. _ nes 

Hence Expedie'ntially adv., in an expediential 
manner, as a matter of expediency. 

1873 F. Hatt Mod. Eng. 39 We should never deviate, 
save expedientially, from esta lished usage. 

Expe‘diently, adv. [f. Exprprent + -Ly.] 

1. As is expedient; suitably, conveniently. 

1 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxlvi. (1495) 948 Ex- 
spedyently to adde and put more therto. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. 
(W. de W. 1531) 123 This gyfte of goostly scyence may do 
the same .. more expedyently for mannes soule. 1804 W. 
Taytor in Ann. Rev. 11. 258 The office of the philosopher 
may expediently be separated from that of the historian. 

+2. Expeditiously, promptly; out of hand. Oés. 

1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. L, 11. i. 18 Do this expediently. 

Expediment (ekspedimént), [ad. med.L. ex- 
pediment-um (sense 2), f. expedire ; see EXPEDITE.] 

+1. A means of getting out of a difficulty; an 
expedient. Ods. 

1547-64 Bautpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 1. iii, When 
they be chafed in reasoning .. solutions .. similitudes, and 
expediments, doe..flow vnto their remembrance, a1677 
Barrow Servt. (1686) III. ix. 106 A like expediment to re- 
move discontent is good company. 

2. ‘The whole of a person’s goods and chattels, 
bag and baggage’ (Wharton Law Lex. 1848). 


+ =e Obs. [ad. late L. expeditus (ustem), 
f. expedire: see EXPEDITE v.] An expedition. 

1613 Daniet Col?. Hist. Eng. 167 [The King’s Coffers) 
must bee emptied in Scotland, whither agayne .. he makes 
his third expedit. 

Expeditable (ckspe‘ditib’l), a. rave. [f. Ex- 
PEDITE Y. +-ABLE.] (See quot ) 

1820-7 BentHam Ws. (1843) II. 84 By expeditable under- 
stand capable of being terminated, etc. 

+ Expeditate, f/e—' Obs. [ad.med.L. ex- 
peditatus.] In early use as pa. pple. of next. 

Expeditate (ekspe-dite't),v. Ast. [f. med.L. 
expeditat- ppl. stem of expeditdre, f. ex- (see Ex- 
pref) + ped-em foot: on analogy of med.L. ex- 
capitare.] trans. To cut off from (a dog) three 
claws or the ball of the forefoot; to law. 

1502 Chart. Forests in Armolde Chron. (1811) 209 He of 
whom the hounde were not expeditate. 1594 Cromrron ¥w- 
risdiction 152 Expeditate, that is to saye, haue the balles 
of their feete cutt out. 1679 BLount Anc. Tenures 91 The 
Amerciaments for expeditating Dogs. 1866 Chamd. Frni. 
XXVIII, 261 The Court of Regards was held. .for the pur- 
pose of lawing or rom | mastiffs, 

ee .a. Expe'ditating v/s). 

1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xvi. § 8 (1615) 115/1 Such ex- 
—— of mastiues shal be done ing to the Assises. 
1610 W. Forxincuam Art of Survey m. iv. 71 Foote-geld 
implies a Priuiledge to keepe Dogges within the Forrest 
not expeditated. 1751 Cuampers Cyci. s. v. Expeditation, 
Every one that — a great dog not expeditated, forfeits 
three shillings and four pence to the king. 

Expedita‘tion. //ist. Also 6 expeditacion, 
[ad. med.L. expeditition-em, n. of action f. ex- 
peditére; see Exprpitatr.] The action of ‘ ex- 


peditating’ or ‘lawing’ a dog. 
-(1811) 209 Fro 


1502 Chart, Forests in Arnolde hens- 
forth be ther noo one taken for expeditacion of houndis. 
a 1693 Asumote Antig. Berks. (1719) IL. 45 The 

ted to him.. Freedom from Expeditation oO Peas. x 

LACKSTONE Comm, III. 72 The Court of . holden. . 

for the lawing or expeditation of mastiffs. M. Cotttns 


in Eng. Iilust. Mag. 586/1 These permitted dogs had to 
suffer expeditation. 
Obs. Also 5 -dyte, 7 -dit, 


+ E-xpedite, a. 
[ad. L. expedit-us, pa. pple. of expedire: see next.] 
1, Of a place, road, way: Clear of obstacles or 


impediments, unimpeded ; free from difficulties. 


EXPEDITE. 
Bi: Srywarp Mart. Discipi. sic at oe ane hich 


rey yon expedi' open. 

Tacitus’ Agric. (1622) 197 All things to follow in an easie 

and expedite course. a 1677 BArrow Sevm. (1686) III, xix, 

216 To the one the way is and thorny, to the other 
and expedite. a@ 1694 TiLLotson Serm. xi. (1743) I. 

260 It being £0 short and expedite a way for the eodin 

controversies. 


Ae: 1654 hag Taytor Real peal 1 Is there in the 


any more ex] 
you see. *hould be judged to be that which you see. 
b. Of an action or motion; Unrestricted, un- 


po ae oe The 

ister //ist. Man 1. ite mou 
of ian ead thee, Te gy nF 
11. L. ii. 190 The ition of that being to me easie, 
expedite, and li 


Ray Creation 1. » 327 The 
Fipvidod thal & exile for Come teak eapetion Marlon of 
them [the bones]. 


Marcell xx. it. 169 Te most expe- 
appoin companies his auxiliarie 
forces. 1622 Bacon Hen, VII, 182 Hee sent the Lord 
Chamberlain with — Forces to ao to Execester. 
1628 Hosses 7hucyd. (1822) 126 Eleven days j for an 
expedite footman. 1737 Wuiston Yosephus' Antig. Di 
m. xi, With them col that were expedite and nimble. 
1792 Burke Pres. State Affairs Wks. 1842 1. 584 To sup- 
port the expedite body in case of misadventure. A 

b. Unencumbered, free to move, active, nimble. 

1612 T. Tavtor Conem. Titus i. 6 The lewes..tuck up 
their long garments to make them more expedite and free 
to a journey or busines. 1748 Hartiey Obsery. Man 1. i. 
$2. 84 Death may..render us more e ite in the Pursuit 
of our true End. Burke Petit. Unit. Wks. 1842 II. 
478 A smaller num more expedite, awakened .. cour- 
ageous. 

3. a. Of persons: Ready for action; prompt, 
alert, ready. 

1603 Br. BarLow a Crt. in Phenix 1.148 The 
king. .in points of Divinity shewed himself so expedite and 
pom 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Answ. xii. (1653) 47 The 
Arians were very expedite in worldly affaires. te UTH 
Serm. (1697) I. 59 His faculties were quick and expedite. 

b. Of contrivances, instruments, etc. : Ready for 
immediate use, conveniently serviceable, handy. 

1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcell. xvu. iv. 84 Now adaies a 
certaine set and expedite number of letters. .declareth what- 
soever mans mind is able toconceive. 1638 CuiLiinew. Relig. 
Prot.1. Pref. § 11 If she once had this power. . ite and 
ready for use. 1662 Stitiincri. Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. § 8 The 
square letters are less operose, more expedite and facile. 
1joz C. Matuer Magn. Chr. m. 1. xv. (1852) 429 Several 
other contrivances made the whole more expedite for the use 
of them that consulted it. W. Roserts Looker-on 
(1794) I. 115 Their dress .. he wishes to be rendered as ex- 

ite as possible. 


4. Of an action or process, a means, remedy, 


etc.: Prompt, speedy, expeditious. 
1545 Raynotp Byrth M. le (1564) 56 Tokens of an 
expedite and easye deliuerance. 1609 Hottanp Amm. 


Marcell. xxx1. xvii. 431 Remarkable above the rest, was the 

profitable and expedite service of Julius. 1635 BraTHwait 

Arcad. Pr. 142 A distemper. .requisite to have the 

ditest cure. 1664 Evetyn Pomona Advts. (1729) 81 

vast Store of Cherries. .and their ite Growth. a 1734 

Nortx £-ram. 1. viii. § 13 This (the writ de nomine re- 
i i ‘ectual and 


|e seme le +. more eff expedite than an 


1560 Bacon Yewel of Yop Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 418, I fear 
lest my servant doeth not his message expeditely, 1681 Grew 
Muszum i. 19 Nature .. left his..ears naked, that he may 


turn them more ditely for the ption of ds from 
every quarter, 1623 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 134 
With what alacrity, with what iteness and uniformity 


B Arcad, Pr, The expedite- 
pode | ub ire marie the ‘achooaihe of his care. 
— H. More Answ. Remarks Ex, , A pocal., etc. 240 The 

iness and expediteness of their Ministry. 
ite (ekspidait), v. Pa. pple. 5 @ 
dyte. [f. ew PPI. stem of expedire, f, ex- 
(see Ex- pref. Us -em foot. 


; 


The L. word pre hah: ‘a person's) feet 
from fetters’ (the contrary of : see Imprpe), hence, 
to free from ties, to help to get (a work) out 
of hand, to dispatch, send off, etc.] 


+1. évans. To clear of difficulties; to clear up 
(confusion) ; to facilitate (action or movement); to 
disentangle, untie (a knot), Ods. 
poor mapect’ shail. bardl phen 2 

t rew 

baton Bnole Introd. (2851) 10 To onsale these 
k were worthy a learned and memorable S 
Futter Ch. Hist. u. i. § 9 His (Ethelbert’s) t 
influence even to Humber. , which afterward much expedited 
the passage of the Gospel in England, 1667 Mitton P. 4, 
247g 5 eh way now is pav’d To expedite your glorious 


bi +b. refl, To get (oneself) ont of difficulties; 
to extrigns te, 8 set free. Co i. 4-0 F : 
. . (2 r wo 
conmmend te Geary one a ae clyedine Laas 
Broglia ony gtlig tpt 
te himself, a 
1681 GLANVILL Sadauctemms 1, 1726) 8§ She knows not how 


whi 


expedite herself fi Phantasms. 
°F. To get (a person) ont of the way; toget rid 
of, dispatch. Ods, 


A Ash ..Treasonable In- 
re ert ine by Febei cea 


EXPEDITION. 


2. To help forward, hasten the progress of. 

a1618 RateicH Mahomet (1637) 62 ich hee doubted 
not would expedite his desires. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 
1v. iii. § 33 When a Royal Family is once falling, all things 
conduce to expedite their destruction. x79 Cowrer Odyss. 
vu. 275 But expedite ye at the dawn of day My safe return. 
1828 5 H. Moore Pract. Navig. (ed. 20) 40 It will greatly 
expedite the working the proportions..if.. all the statings 
be first made. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 550 The 
Speaker .. received from the City a thousand guineas for 
expediting a local bill. 1872 H. Macmittan True Vine iii. 
122 Nature..expedites the process of flowering and seed- 


ing. 

*. intr. To push on with speed (in travelling). 

1602 Warner A/b. Eng. x1. Ixvi. (1612) 281 And thence, to 

ite for Ob, his Labours did reuiue. 
. To perform quickly; to ‘get out of hand’, 
dispatch, accomplish. 

1471 Riptey Comp, Alch, vu. in Ashm, (1652) 169 In few 
words yt wylbe expedyte. 1618 Sir L. Cranvietp in Fortesc. 
Papers 61, I have signified his Majesties pleasure. .which 
wee will expedite. 1655 FuLLER Ch. Hist. u. iii. § 9 The 
‘ Virgin Mary. .is pretended to have shewed her self. .to Egwin, 
Bishop of Worcester, prompting him to expedite a Structure 
therein. 1698-9 LupLow JZem. (1751) I. 139 The Earl of 
Ormond. . being willing..to expedite that service, accepted 
their invitation. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 116 A place 
-.less capable of expediting my orders, cx850 Lane Arad. 
Nis, (ed. Rtldg.) ss0We will..expedite her business. 1871 
B. Taytor Faust (1875) Il. iv. i. 235 Such is my wish ; 
dare thou to expedite it. 

4. To send out, issue officially (a document, etc.) ; 
to dispatch (a message). Now rare. 

@ 1626 Bacon New A?/. iii. (1635) 149 Though such char- 
ters be expedited of course. 1648 Evetyn AZemz. (1857) III. 
10 A positive answer to be expedited within fifteen days. 
1753 tr. Voltaire’s Micromegas 232 All the public acts 
were expedited in that [Norman] language. 1815 Map. 
D’Arsiay Diary (1876) 1V. 303 Thither, also, I expedited 
a letter, under cover to the Duke. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. 
India 1, m1. iii. 527 The instruments of government to be 

ited. 31852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna (1857) 47 

When the Bull of Paul V was formally expedited. 

b. ¢ransf. To send out (tan army, munitions 
of war); to dispatch (a courier). vare. 

1606 Warner Add, Eng. xvi. ci.398 Hee To expedite against 
Prince Rees an armie did decree. 
Rel. (1857) ILI. 347 Orders are sent to the Tower to expe- 
dite 10,000 bombs and 10,000 carcasses to the lord Berkly. 
1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. VI. xli. 246 A Russian courier 
was expedited to Stockholm. 

Hence E-xpediter, Expediting vi/. si. 

1643 T. Case Quarrell of Covenant (1644) 99 Thou hast 
not grace enough..for the expediting thy selt out of the 
next difficulty, 1678 Trans. Crt. Spain 169 For the more 
diligent expediting of this, it would be convenient [etc.]. 
1891 Pall Mall G, 20 Oct. 1/3 Expediter of the business 
of the House. 

Expedition (ekspédi‘fon). Forms: 5 expe- 
diccione, expedision, 5-6 expedicion, -icyon, 
-ycion, -yeyon, -itioun, 6- -ition. [ad. L. ex- 
pedition-em, n. of action f. expedire: see EXPE- 
DITE v. Cf, F, expédition.] 

+1. The action of expediting, helping forward 
or accomplishing; speedy performance or prompt 
execution (of justice, a journey); prompt supply 
(of anything), dispatch. Obs. 

1464 Paston Lett. No. 493 11.166 The Kyng shall. .shewe 
his good grace and favour in the expedision therof. c¢ 1477 
Caxton Seam 13 If hit plese you ye shal gyue me audience 
and ees expedicion. c¢ 1489 — Blanchardyn xxxiv.(1890) 
127 They retourned wyth-out expedicyon of that wherfore 
they were goon thyder. 128 in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xiv. 
108 Any..thing that might conduce to the furtherance and 
expedition of the cause. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron.Scot.(1821)I. 
g2 The ambassatouris. .returnit but ony expeditioun of thair 
message. 1543-4 Act 33 Hen. Vil, c.6§ 2 For reforma- 
tion wherof, and for the more expedition of iustice hereafter, 
1843 W. Cress MS. Addit. 4609 f. 409 in Turner Dom. 
Archit. U1. 79 For puryance and hasty expedition of the 
necessities aforsaide. 1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Fustin’s 
Hist. 65 b, Alexander..prepared for reuengfull warre. .and 
for expedition thereof he desired of Demetryus, etc. 1649 
Answ. Petit. City Oxf. in J. Harrington Def Rights 
Univ. Oxford (1690) 19 There is as quick expedition in our 
courts as in any other courts. : 5 

+b. The condition of being expedited or set in 
motion; only in phr. 7x expedition. Obs. 

1599 SHaks. Hen, V, u.ii. 19x Let us deliuer our Puis- 
sance into the hand of God Putting it straight in expedition. 
1667 Marvett Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 223 A Bill against 
Pluralityes is committed, Several other things in expedi- 
tion, 

2. A sending or setting forth with martial inten- 
tions ; a warlike enterprise. 

1430 Lypa. Chron. Troy 1. viii. heading, In this expedi- 
cion peneudes Colchns 1598 Haxtiuyt Voy. I. 59 Not- 
e 


wit Sy not in that expedition. 1662 
STILLINGFL. ig. Sacr. 1. iv. § 11 Strabo confesseth as 
much [ignorance] of the Western parts of Europe till the 
R itions thither. 1 E For Mem. Cavalier 


oman 
(1840) 269 This was the best and most successful expedition 
Iwas in during this war. 1839 TuirtwaLt Greece VII. 
Iviii. 311 Ptolemy, having suppressed an insurrection in 
Cyrene, made an expedition in person to Cyprus. 
b. A journey, voyage, or excursion made for 

some definite purpose. 

1g91 Suaxs. Two Gent. 1. iii. 77 You shall be jmployd, To 
hasten on his Expedition, 1667 Mitton P, ZL. vu. 193 
Mean while the Son On his great Expedition now appeer’d. 
a@19%6 Soutu Sernz. iii. (1737) 1. 81 A hard expedition. .to 
go amongst wolves. 1840 Dickens Barn, Rudge viii, It 
was not a very choice spot for midnight expeditions, 1868 


1694 LutTRELL Brief 


427 


Freeman Norm. Cong. U1. App. 536 This was not the last 
beeing expedition of Gervinus to our shore. 

. concr. A body of persons, also a fleet, etc., sent 
out for a warlike or other definite purpose. 

7693 Lurrrecy Brief Rel. 111. 192 A draught is made out 
of the several regiments..to goe on board the expedition. 
1837 W. Irvin Capt. Bonneville I. 11 Mr... Seton... had 
accompanied one of the expeditions sent out by Mr. Astor. 
1863 Lye, Antig. Man W M. Girard, of the French ex- 
pedition to Egypt. 1880 W. Cory Mod. Eng. Hist. 1. 194 
note, An expedition may consist of a single ship. . 

+4. The action of issuing or sending out official 
documents. Hence concr. the documents sent 
out. Obs. 

1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 2423 Whan they had op- 
tayned perfyte expedycyon Of alltheyr bulles. 1533-4 Act 
25 Hen. VIII, c. 20 § 3 No person .. shall pay any sommes 
of money. .for expedicion of any .. bulles, breues, or palles. 
1685 F. Spence House Medici 431 Leo did often .. examine 
the expeditions..presented him to sign. 1706 tr. Dupin’s 
Eccl. Hist. 16th C. 11. v. 81 The Seals..of the Expeditions 
which he [the Nuncio] had made during his Legation. 

b. gen, after Fr. expédition, The sending forth, 
dispatch (of articles of any kind). 

1796 M. Perrecaux in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 
350 The expedition of the ‘ Moniteurs’ to the 8th of May. 

The quality of being ‘expedite’; quick 
movement; promptness, haste, speed. Also in 
phr. with expedition ; to + make, use, expedition. 

1529 Wotsry in Four C. Eng. Lett. 10 That expedicion 
be usyd in my persuts. 1590 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. 
1v. iil, To Babylon, Whither we next make expedition. 
rsgxr SHAKS. Two Gent. 1. iii. 37 Even with the speediest 
expedition I will despatch him to the Emperors Court. 
1671 Mitton Samson 1283 With winged expedition, Swift 
as the lightning glance. 1701 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. 
IX. 54 With all possible vigilance and expedition. 1747 
Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 77 He was told to use all the Ex- 

edition Possible. 1815 ‘I. Jerrerson Writ, (1830) LV. 265 

ow can expedition be expected from a body which we have 
saddled with an hundred lawyers. 

b. Readiness. 

1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 4 In Alexander. .was a sub- 
tiltie, sharpnesse and expedition of wit most singular. 

6. Rhet. (See quots.) 

[1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary 11. (1625)98 Expeditio.. when 
many reasons of averment being numbred together, we 
make a confutation of them, each one in particular. 1589 
Putrennam Lug. Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 241 Expeditio, or 
the speedie dispatcher.] 1657 J. Smitu JZyst. Rhet. 250 
Expedition is a figure when many parts or reasons of an 
argument being enumerated and touched, all are destroyed, 
save that only upon which the speaker intends to conclude, 
stand to, and rest upon. 

7. Comb. expedition-fee, -money, a fee or 
money paid for hastening the performance of any 
work ; expedition-squadron. 

1672 Wycuertey Love in Wood w. ii, If you will not let 
me make an end on’t, I shall lose my expedition-fee. x4 
Lurtrety Brief Rel. (1857) III. 366 Sir Clowdesly Shovell, 
with the expedition squadron, sailed out of the Down: 
1725 Berkeey Let. 12 June Wks. IV. 112 The Charter... 
hath cost me 130 pounds. . besides expedition-money to men 
in office. 1 Burke Sp. agst. W. Hastings Wks. XV. 
41, I next inquired what expedition-money might have been 
given. 
about £26,000 for expedition money. 

+ Expedi'tional, 2. Ods. vave—'. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] Of or pertaining to an expedition. 

c1601 W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 234 In that exploit 
expeditionall against England intended. 


xpedi'tionary, 2. (sd.) [f. as prec. + -aRy.] 


A. adj. Of or pertaining to an expedition ; sent 
on an expedition. 

1817 Blackw. Mag. I. 201 The expeditionary troops de- 
stined to act against South America were reviewed. 1859 
Tuackeray Virgin. xii. 96 The northward track which the 
expeditionary army had hewed out for itself. 187 Procror 
Light Sc. 104 Inviting them, in the name of the American 
expeditionary parties, to accept this much needed assistance. 

+ B. sd. An officer who took care of dispatches 
at the Pope’s court. Ods. 

1706 in Puittirs (ed. Kersey). 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

+Expedi‘tioner. Ols. vare—', [f. as prec. + 
-ER1,.] One engaged in an expedition. 

1758 Br. Warsurton Lett, (1809) 266 The Cherbourg ex- 
peditioners being twice drove in hither by contrary winds. 

Expedittionist. [f. as prec. + -1sr.] One 
who goes on an expedition ; an excursionist. 

1841 Blackw, coy 449 Her travellers and expedition- 
ists are exploring the frozen regions of either pale 1861 
Temple Bar II. 393 Puffing expeditionists.. hurry helter- 
skelter through so many given cities. 187x Procror Light 
Sc. 103 The zeal of the expeditionists averted the risk. 

Expeditious (ekspédifos), a. [f Exrepr- 
TION: see -TI0US.] Characterized by expedition, 

1. Of action, a voyage, etc.: Speedily performed. 
Of a method: Leading to speedy performance. 
Of an answer : Quickly given, ready, 

x610 Suaks. Temp. v. i. 315, I..promise you. auspicious 
gales And saile, so expeditious, that shall catch Your 
Royall fleete farre off. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 201 
— up of the Earth. .is to be preferr'd to Hand weed- 
ing, and more expeditious. 1692 Wacstarre Vind. Carol. 
xiv. 96 A most expeditious Answer. 1709 Suarp Serm. VII. 
iv.63 The. .short expeditious way of appealing to the Bishop 
of Rome. 1748 Anson's Voy. u. xiii. 278 ert of making 
an expeditious e. @ 1832 Bentnam Ws, (1843) I. 182 
Obviating a dissatisfaction, which expeditious measures 
would excite. 1866 J. G. Murrny Comm, Ex, xii. 10 
Equipped for expeditious travelling. 


1866 Daily Tel. 20 Jan. 4/1 He claimed a sum of | 


EXPEL. 


2. Of an implement or weapon: Fitted for quick 
movements ; handy. rare. 
1747 SMotiett Regicide u. ii, With the broad targe and 


a ear es sword, 
. Of persons: Acting or moving with expedi- 
tion ; dy. 


1599 Massincer, etc. O/d Law 1, Let us be all most ex- 
peditious., 1726 Cuetwoop Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 3 He.. 
desir’d I would be expeditious in going. 1771 GoLpsm. 
Hist. Eng. 11. 242 An expeditious set of workmen, | 1858 
Froupe Hist, Eng. II. xvii. 439 The German commission 
was as expeditious as the Spanish had been dilatory. 1881 
Jowerr Vhucyd. 1. 162 An expeditious traveller. .will ac- 
complish the journey in eleven days. 

Expedi'tiously, adv. [f. prec.+-1y2.] In 
an expeditious manner; speedily, with expedition. 

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars. li, He expeditiously prouided 
That part of land into his power to get. 1663 BoyLe IVks. 
(1772) II. 11, Lonce made a menstruum to draw it [the tinc- 
ture of the glass of antimony] more expeditiously. 1749 
FiripinG Tom Yones vin. xiii, The surgeon having very 
expeditiously. .finished his business, 1863 P. Barry Dock- 
yard Econ. 51 (Russia’s] ships will be built cheaper and more 
expeditiously. | : 

Expedi'tiousness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.] The 
quality of being expeditious ; celerity ; handiness. 

1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4426/12 Whose audacious Attempts 
..are..by the Expeditiousness of your Fleet, totally. .de- 
feated. 1715 M. Davies A then. Brit, 1. 86 He was thought 
to have surpass’d..Ovid for Expeditiousness in Versifying. 
1861 Smites Engineers 11. 222 The simplicity, economy, 
and expeditiousness of the plan, 

+ Expe'ditive, a. Olds. [f. EXpEDITE+-IVE.] 
Performing with expedition, expeditious. 

1617 Bacon in Spedding Lz & Lett. (1872) VI. 191, I 
mean not to purchase the praise of expeditive in that kind. 
1847 in Craic 3, and in mod. Dicts. 

+ Expe‘ditory, ¢. Os. vare—°. [f. L. expedit- 
ppl. stem of expedire (see EXPEDITE) + -oxy.] 
Making haste; expeditious. 

@ 1790 FRANKLIN (cited in Worcester 1846). 

Expel (ekspe'l), v. Forms: 4-5 expelle, 6-7 
expell, 6- expel. [ad. L. exfed/-dre, f. ex- out + 
pellére to drive, thrust: cf. Compen, OF. had 
espellir, and in 15th c. expeller] 

1. “rans. To drive or thrust out; to eject by 
force. Const. from (rarely out of) also with 
double obj. (by omission of /vo7). 

a. With obj. a person, etc.: To eject, dislodge 
by force from a position; to banish from, compel 
to quit, a place or country. 

c1489 Caxton Sounes of Aymon xx. 446, Reynawde and 
his brethern were thus expelled out of it [mountalban]. 
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 819/2 God .. expelled 
those heretikes and scismatikes out of heauen. 1577 tr. 
Bullinger’s Decades (1592)838 The Apostles receiued power 
from the Lord. .that they should expell and cast them [the 
devils] out. 1628 Hosses 7hucyd, (1822) 8 The Beotians 
. .expelld Arne by the Thessalians seated themselues in that 
Country [Beotia]. ¢cx710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 266 
Such a State takes Care. .to Expel him their Dominions by 
proclamation. 1749 West tr. Pindar’s Olympic Odes xi. 
36 Sedition’s Civil Broils Expell’d thee from thy native 
Crete. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. I. xi. 229 He sent .. two 
knights..to expel them the convent. 1863 Fr. A. Kemsir 
Resid. Georgia 31 Bidding the elder boys, .expel the poultry. 

b. With a material thing as obj.: To drive out 
from a receptacle, etc. by mechanical force; to 
discharge, send off (e.g. a bullet from a gun, fan 
arrow from a bow); to drive off or dislodge (a 
substance) from a chemical compound, mixture, 
solution, etc. Also, + Zo expel forth. 

1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 80 The Shot is .. ex- 
pelled with no other thing, than by the Air’s exaltation. 
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth ut. (1723) 151 It [water] 
is usualy expelled forth in vast Quantities. @1700 DrypeN 
(J.), The virgin huntress was not slow T’expel the shaft 
rom her contracted bow. cx7g0 Imison Sch. Aré 1. 74 
Expelling the water into the bason, 1807 T, THomson 
Chem. (ed. 3) 11. 394 Alcohol..absorbs about its own weight 
of nitrous gas, which cannot afterwards be expelled by 
heat, 1838 — Chem. Org. Bodies 168 Not capable of being 
expelled by a stronger base. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea 
xi. § 512 If still more heat be applied .. the air will be en- 
tirely expelled. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr.77 The matter .. 
thus expelled from the powder by heat. , 

ec. Of the body or its organs: To cast out, eject 
(the contents, any foreign substance, excrements, 
etc.);=Exciupe v. 7. Also said of the action of 


drugs, etc. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Kut.’s T. 1893 The vertu expulsif, or ani- 
mal... Ne may the venym voyden ne expelle. 1542 Borpe 
Dyetary iv. (1870) 237 To expel .. all corrupt and contagy- 
ous ayre. 1547 — Brev. Health § 356 Vnto the tyme the 
matter be expelled..out of the throte. 1671 Satmon 
Syn. Med. ut. xxii. 395 Chervil expells wind. 1767 Goocu 
Treat. Wounds (ed 2) 11. 216 Some months after, a piece 
of cloth was expelled, till which time the wound kept open. 
1809 Med. ¥rnd. XXI. 338 The child had been very recently 
expelled from the aie 1836 Topp Cyct. Anat. I. 5t9/2 
There is an organ for. .expelling an inky fluid. 

absol. 3626 BACON Sylva § 36 Other parts of the Body. « 
are moued to expell by Consent. 

d. With immaterial object. In J/ath. formerly 

= ELIMINATE. 

cy Lancelot 1271 Hir cusynace hath don al at she 
mycht..to expel that thing out of hir thocht. 1540 Cover- 
DALE Fruitf. Less. i. Wks. I. 259 To expel from us all pride 
and presumptuousness. 1610 SHAKs. 7 —- v. i, 76 You, 
brother mine, that.. Expelld remorse, and nature. 1611 

54-2 


EXPELLABLE. 


Donne /gnat. Conclave (1635) 7 He gloried of having ex- 
led an old Religion. Damrter Voy. I. ii. 14 These 
Rardshipe quite expell’d the thoughts of an Enemy. 1828 
Hutron Course Math. 11. 49 note, The oom! ¢.. must 
be expelled from this formula. 1862 H. Spencer First 
Princ. 1. iii. § 46 (1875) 160 Our ability to expel the idea 
from consciousness. Z 

2. To turn out, eject (a person) from a society, 
community, etc. Const. as in 1, 

1534 Anne Boteyn in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 116 II. 46 
Richard Herman. .was..put and expelled from his fredon 
and felowshipe in the Englishe house there. Hunting 
of Fox 11 Yet were they..expell’d the University. a 1680 

uTLER Rem, (1759) I. 215 His Scholar striving to expel 
all Poets his poetic Commonweal. Funius Lett, xvi. 

The house of Commons have a ri 
their own members. 1820 Soutney Life Wesley I1. 497 
Whoever acted cont: . . Should be expelled the Society. 
1884 Paz Eustace 57 You are ex from the house 
which you have indelibly di: F ‘ 
+3. To reject from attention or consideration ; 


to refuse. Ods. 

1575 in W. H. Turner Se/ect. Rec. Oxford 365 The com- 
mon welth are. .utterly expeld and let goe for lacke of loking 
to, 1 SPENSER M. ubberd 95 Would you not poor 
fellowship expel, oe would offer you t’accompany. 
1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 5 The said 
day the Committie expelles the resounes preponit be Borge 
and Johne Gordoun. 1742 Pore Dunc. iv. 196 Each fierce 
Logician, still expelling Locke. 

+4. ‘To keep off, exclude, keep out’ (J.). Ods. 

1602 SHaks. Ham. v. i. 239 Oh, that that earth [Czsar’s 
dead body], which kept the world in awe, Should patch a 
Wall, t’expell the winters flaw. 

Hence Expe'lled f//. a., Expe‘lling vé/. sb. 
and f/. a. 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 1557 819/2 Receiuing 
of synne is expelling of grace. 1545 RavnoLp Byrth Man- 
kynde (1564) 69 b, The expellyng of the second byrth. rg52 
Huvokr, Expelled, expudsus. 1632 tr. Bruel’s Praxis M. 
376 These stirre vp the expelling faculty. 1744 BerkKELEY 
Stris § 84 This expelling diuretic virtue consisted rather in 
the salts than the resin. 1774 Gotpsm. Grecian Hist. 1. 
105 Hippias, the expelled tyrant of Athens. 1846 GreENER 
Sc. Gunnery 293 How get you an equal pressure of the ex- 
pelling force? 

Expellable (ekspe'lab’l), a. [f. prec. + -ABLE.] 
Capable of being, or liable to be, expelled. 

1665 WitHer Lord's Prayer 177 All other Kings, King- 
doms and States, are..expellable at his pleasure. 1802 
Kirwan in Phil. Trans. LX XX. 225 The nitrous acid .. 
expellable even by the vegetable acids. 1839 Battey Festus 
xix. 62/2 And that [soul] Infernal, but expellable by prayer. 

Expellee (ekspelz). nonce-wd. [f. Exper + 
-EF.] One who has been expelled. 

1888 Sat. Rev. 29 Dec. 758/1 The expellee would only be 
sure of a triumphant re-election. 

ellent (ekspelént), @ and sd. Also -ant. 
[ad. L. expedlent-em, pr. pple. of expellére to EXPEL.] 
A. adj, That expels or tends to expel. 

1858 GREENER Gunnery 33 The construction of the gun 
ee perfect..can the expellant force be brought to an 
equal state of perfection. 1885 J. StronG Own Country iv. 


32 The expellent influences of Europe.. send new waves _ 


of immigration to our shores. 
B sé. An expellent medicine. 

1823 Crass Technol. Dict., Expellents, medicines sup- 
posed to expel morbid humours from the body. 

Expeller (ekspeloz). Also 8 expellor. [f. 
Expr. v, + -ER}.] 

1. One who, or that which, expels. Const. of. 

1577 HotinsHeD Chron, (1807) I. v. xvii. 585 The expeller 
of manie tyrants. 
Fido 11. Chorus, Unspotted faith, expeller of all vice. 1725 
Braptey Fam, Dict. 11. s. v. Wind Cholick, ‘The most 
effectual expeller of Wind. 1741 Warsurton Div. Legat. 
IT. 288 Their mistake was only about the Expellor. x 
T. Taytor Pausanias’ Descr. Greece Ul. 39 Jupiter 
Apomyius, or the expeller of flies. 1846 Etuis Elgin Mard. 
lL 199 The Expeller of the Bacchide from Corinth. 

+2. = EXPeELuent B. sd. Obs. 

1683 Satmon Doron Med. u1. 443 A powerful expeller. 


Expend (ekspend),v. Forms: 5-6 expende, 


1647 Fansuaw tr. Guavini’s Pastor | 


exspende, 6- expend. /a. pple. 5 expent, 6 — 


expend. [ad. L. expend-dve, f. ex- out + pend-tre 
to ly pay. Cf. also Dispenn, Spenp.] 

I. To pay out, spend. It differs from send in 
being less colloquial, and (in mod, use) in implying 
some determinate direction or object of outlay. 

1. trans. To pay away, lay out, spend (money). 
+a. To spend, make away with, consume in 
outlay. Ods, a “s 
Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 106 By expending more 
thes his lyuelode cometh to. Canton Cato A if Zeno 
expended bothe hys goodes and the goodes of his rand 
played hit at the dyse. 1608 Suaxs. Per. im. ii. 29 Riches 
careless heirs May .. ex) . @x6a7 Haywarp Ldw, VI 
(1630) 111 The King of England wasted the French Kings 
country, and thereby ca: him to expend such summes 
of sp exceeded the debt. 


‘o lay out (money) for determinate objects. 
Const. in, upon. sis ; 
1484 Churchw. Acc. Wigtoft Lincolush. (Nichols 1797) 7 
For hiryng of 2 wrightes to mend y° belles .. nt x 
1558 Houtoet, Zxfend or laye out money. AUDLOW 
Mem. 1.71 Part of this sum I expended upon the Pe 
73 Lo. Barrincron in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 505 LV. 474 
If £50,000 had been given for that Speech, it would have 
been well expended. x Tuirtwatt Greece VII, 323 
They began to doubt whether they were not about to ex- 
pen 


428 


Mas. H. Woop Life's Secret 11. 152 Too fond of beer, 
expend in much else the trifle allowed them. 
Br. Hatt Medit. § Vows u. § 54 The eare 


Picton L’pool 
out 


ex! 
886) II. xpend and very extravagantly i 
pene Frond Macautay Hist. Ene. 1. 


repairing the highways, &c, 
352 They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend. 

2. transf. and fig. To lay out, spend (blood, care, 
labour, time, etc.); to employ for a given purpose. 

c 1440 Gesta Rom, xv. 53 (Harl. MS,) The first doughter. . 
is be worlde, whom a man so well, that he expendith 
alle his lif aboute hit. 1590 Bate Image Both Ch. 1. x. §5 
More God desireth not of the christian minister, than to 
expend his whole study, labour, and time for the light- 
ening of others. 1602 eos Ham. \. ii. 23 To expend 
your time with vs a-while. 1728 Younc Love Fame ii. (1757) 
97 all their care expend on outward show For 
and fame. 1841-4 Emerson Zss, Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I, 


is the nature of his duties as expenditor?—He receives the 
moneys. 


Bas 5 1646 ents Vere £5, 19 We are but his 


+ Expe'nditrix. Ovs. rare—'. [f. Expen- 
piTor, after Lat. analogy: see -rRIx.] A woman 
who aes closes of expenditure. a 

a ortH Lx iv. ) 2: rs. Celier 
tis Coheceven aad © wees a if which lay a 
in relieving of Catholics. 

Bypantiture acelin , 3 rina ex- 
pendit-us, pa. pple. (irregularly form: ter ven- 
ditus) of ex; ceptors +-URE.] 

1. The action or practice of laying out, paying 
away, or s§) ing (money). Const. of At his 
own expenditure (nonce-use) : at his own expense. 

1769 URKE On late State Nation 15 Our expenditure 


98 As much wisdom Sow ay on a private 

ason an empire. 1854 J. S. C. Assorr Nafoleon (855) L. 
vii. 142 The blood that must be expended in the attem 
1864 Susar Uhland’s Poems 42 Thyself hast thou expended 
As every poet should. L Morris To Unknown Poet 
ix, A humble healer thro’ a life obscure, Thou didst expend 
a homely days. ‘ . 

. To use up (material or force) in any operation ; 
also vefl. Formerly, +to consume (provisions) ; 
cf. EXPENSE I c. 

1745 P. Tuomas ruil. Anson's Voy. 9 To procure what 
fresh Provisions we could expend during our Stay. 1825 J. 
Nicnotson Oferat. Mechanic 80 The quantity of water ex- 
pended in a minute was 96% pounds. 1859 Jerson Brittany 
xii. 193 The English archers .. having expended their 
arrows, drew their swords. 1860 T'yNDALL Glac. 11. xix. 329 
Gravity in this case has expended a certain amount of force. 
1869 Puittips Vesuv. iii. 51 After the currents had expended 
themselves. 1871 Morey lo/taire (1886) 15 All the social 
feeling and intellectual effort .. seemed to have expended 
themselves. 

b. Naut. To lose (spars, masts, etc.) either in 
action or by storms, etc. Also, to use up (a quantity 
of rope, etc.) in egg it round a spar or a rope. 

1801 NeLson 23 May in Nicolas Dis. (1845) 1V. 384 An 
account .. of the spars expended in consequence of the Ac- 
tion of April 2nd. 1830 Marryat Aing’s Own xli, Have 
you expended any boat’s masts? c 1860 H. Sruart Sea- 
man's Catech. 34 Expend the spunyarn round both parts 
of the lanyard. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 137 The 
heel rope is .. expended round the jackstay and boom. 


+II. 4. To weigh mentally ; to consider, de- 


termine accurately. Often, to expend with oneself | 


{after L. expendere secum.] Obs. 

1531 Exyor Gov. ut. ix, Where fortitude expendeth euery 
thinge and acte diligently. x Tinvace Lord's Supper 
Wks. (Parker Soc.) fil. 266 Eshort every man deeply to 
consider and expend with himself, the signification of this 
sacrament. 1563 Homilies u. Rogat, Week 1. (1859) 491 
To expend the gracious good will of God to usward. 1625, 
Hart Anat. Ur. 1,ii. 21 It behooueth the Physitian to. .ex- 
pend with himselfe..the strength of euery accident apart. 
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man.'To Rdr., Moral Evidences. . 
are herein particularly expended and examined. 

Hence Expe'nded ///. a. 

1742 Younc Nt. Th. wv. 196 What can awake thee un- 
awak’d by this, ‘ Expended Deity on human weal’? 

Expendable (ekspendab’l), a. vave—'. [f. prec. 
+-ABLE.] That may be expended. 


W. Taytor in Ann, Rev. II. 240 That property 


I 
vont be dividable, transferrable, and expendable. 

Expender (ckspenda:), [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who, or that which, expends. Const. of. 

1804 W. Taytor in Ann, Rev. I. 352 The expenders of 
rents are the most unproductive. .class of citizens. 1863 H. 
Srencer Princ, Biol. 1.1. i. § 49 Organisms which are large 
expenders of force. 1882 G, ALLEN C. Clont's Garden vii. 
(1883) 40 Flowers are mere expenders of food. 

Expending (ekspe‘ndin), vé/. sb. [f. as prec. 
+-1NG1] The action of the vb, Expenp: now 
only gerundial (Const. of). Formerly occas. : Ex- 
penditure ; consideration; consumption. 

1545 Jove Exp. Dan. xi. Z ij b, This moch haue I learned 
by the expending and waying of the text. 1561 J’. Norton 
Calvin's Inst. w. xx. (1634) 745 Money, which they waste 
upon mad prodigall expending: 1 be. Haut Medit. s 
Vows 1. § 27 If my money were another mans, I could but 
keepe it; onely the expending showesit my own. 16r0 ~~ 


| expended. Oés. 


Pp and 1776 Avam SmitH 
W. N..w. ix, The collection and Tiss or the cube 
.. turned out 


Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-cap 317 His shop 
Green Short Hist.vii. 364 Her [Elizabeth’s] expenditure was 


-at his own expenditure. 1874 

. ever ly. : 
b. ¢ransf. The expending or laying out (of 
energy, dahony, time): often with notion of waste. 

1823 Lams Elia Ser 1. v. (1865) ate at the ex- 

iture of moments. 1866 Gro. Evior /, Holt (18€8) 30 

e disliked all quarrelling as an unpleasant expenditure of 
en “ — Browntne Poets Crotsic 54 After a vast ex- 
penditure of pai 1890 Spectator 16 Aug., The National- 
ist laity disobey with much expenditure of speech. 

c. The action or process of using up or con- 
suming ; consumption. 

1812 Wetuncton in Gurw. Disp. 1X. 141 We have made 
such an expenditure of engineers, that I can hardly wish 
for any Pa Bs Bain Senses § (nt. ui. $11 A pecu- 
liar expenditure of the sub of the lar mass. 1863 
H. Spencer Princ, Biol. 1. u. v. § 69 A mature animal, or 
one which has reached a ce between nutrition and ex- 

nditure, 1871 Tynpat. Fragm, Sc. (ed. 6) I. xvi. 427 Its 

the sun’s] combustion would only cover 4600 years oF ex- 

penditure. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ, 11. 194/2 The 
economical expenditure of ammunition. 

2. The amount expended from time to time. 

1791 R. Rayment (¢it/e), The Income and Expenditure of 
Great Britain of the last 7 years. a 1800 Cowrer Sparrows 
self-domesticated, A single doit would hey The expen- 
diture of every day. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. /udia TL 
331 A loss of life and waste of expenditure. 1863 P. Barry 

ockyard Econ. 99 During the year 1860-61 the expendi- 
ture in these [mast-houses] amounted to [etc. ]. 

Expense (eckspe'ns). Forms: 4-9 expence, 
5 expens, exspense, 6 exspence, 4- expense. 
See also Spence. [a. AF. expense (OF. espense), 
ad. late L. exfénsa, orig. pa. pple. fem. of ex- 
pendére: see EXPEND. Cf. Sp. expensas pl., also 
It. sfesa, which is the only Pi 3g Te tative 
of the word in Romanic, the Fr. and Sp. forms 
being of learned origin. 

Ger. speise ‘viand’ is an early adoption of the L. word.] 

+1. The action of expending ; the state of being 
Cf. EXPENDITURE I. 

+a. Disbursement, spendi laying out (of 
money); an instance of this. "Riso occas. wasteful 


Person expense : 
one who spends largely; so also, person of great, 


1393 Gower Con/. III. 153 That he mesure in his 
| So spe; that of indigence He may be sau ¢ nage Conall. 
L& L. 


Poems(1866) 179 My waast 

1597 Bacon ma Eapenesthted 
i the worth 

suddaine 


nas 


xtraordinarie 
of the occasion. 


766 Forpyce 4 Vong. Wom. (1767) 
them .. dread a woman of expence. 1794 


| Goowin Cad, Williams 267 An obscure house of entertain- 
of small 


Apol. Brownists § 11 The holy expending of Sabbath daies | 


sppcined. P. Tuomas ¥rnl. Anson's Voy. 11 We 
enough. 

+ Expe'nditor. Zaw. Olds. Also 7-our. [a. 
med.L. expenditor, agent-n. incorrectly (on the 
anal of venditor, etc.) f. expendére: see Ex- 
PEND.}] One who has charge of expenditure ; spec. 
an officer formerly appointed by the Commissioners 
of Sewers to expend or disburse the money collected 
by tax for the repair of sewers ; also an officer of 
the British Museum (see quot. 1847) 

in Hist. Co. Lincoln 1, 69 Expontiione +. Shall have 
ips e day 1s. 8d, /did., ‘The said expenditors shall have a 
clerk of sewers for the work. 1531-2 Act 23 Hen. V/1/,c. 5. 
§ 3 Expenditours and other ministers and officers for .. the 
making of the premisses. 1587 Fieminc Contn. Holinshed 
III, 1547/1 The charge of these two wals .. as appeareth in 
the expenditors s- 1622 Catiis Stat, Sewers (1647) 


134 A Collector, or ay og or other Officer of Sewers. 
1726 Laws of Sewers 87 The Expenditor is the Person ap- 
inted by the C to .. expend the Money col- 


lected by the Tax. 1847 Evidence Royal Comm, Brit. Mus. 


| 4 You[Sir H, Ellis] were also the expenditor ?—That was an 


their resources less for their own defence, than, etc. | 


office. .always given to the principal librarian. /did, 9 What 


ment for P 
+b. expending or using up (of material or 
immaterial resources) ; the state of being expended 


sh Beef for present expending plenty | OF used up; expenditure (of substance, strength, 


labour, time, etc.) ; loss (of blood, etc., of men in 
battle, etc.). Ods. 

1588 Suaks. LZ. L. LZ. v. 11. 523, I implore so much ex- 
pence of thy royall sweet breath, as will vtter a brace of 
words. 1594 Hooker £ecd. Pod, 1. xi. (1611) 36 With boot- 
lesse ex of trauell. 1608 Yorksh. Trag.1. x. 218 M 
body. & pee ee With much expense of blood. 
Bacon Sylva § 352 Fire and Flame are in continual ex- 
pence. Spricce Anglia Redév. 1. ii. (1854) 14 After 
the expense of about fourteen men w the was 
given over. 1669 Wortivce Syst. Agric. (1681) 293 They 
-.move as other Meteors do, from a certain ‘of 
their own substance the one way, which inforceth mo- 
ale great non of Breath ca them. 

too to . 
1738 Frankun Ws, me. 286 The sun not wasted 
expense of light. x ELSON 23 June in Nicolas 5 
(1846) XI. p. cxliv, No service that could have made an 
es stores), (of ). Ob 
c. Consumption produce, provisions Se 
1587 Harrison jy u. vi, (1877) 1. 156 The gentlemen 


(18; 

commonlie make sufficient malt for owne expenses 
onelie. in Arb, 1. ‘or the 
wren tak chenrvaticn of VLE Mleckhaass 


EXPENSEFUL. 


Way to Wealth 1x. 1. i. 96 To gather [Pears] for expence, 
for transportation, or to sell. 

+d. Loss (of a possession). Ods. 

1600 SHaks. Son. xxx, 8 Then can I .. mone th’ expence 
of many a vanished sight. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. 
iii, Enter upon..Her honour, which she calls her chastity, 
And bring it into expence. 

+2. Money expended (cf. ExPENDITURE 2); a 
sum expended. Oés. 

(The apparent instances in recent use belong to 3 or 3c.) 

1382 Wycuir £x. xxi. 19 That he restore .. the expensis 
into leches. ¢1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. (1714) 

2 If a Kyng be powre, he schal by necessite make his 
SeGecnese «by Creaunce of pe a 1673 TempLe Ess. 
fret, Wks. 1731 I. 111 The Country loses the Expence of 
many of the richest Persons, @ 1687 Petry Pol. Avith. vii. 
(x69) 103 Where a People thrive, there the income is 
greater than the expence. 1737 Wuiston Yosephus’ Antiq. 
x1 iv. § 9 You..do not supply them with the expences. . for 
their sacrifices. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. 11. (ed. 2) 
402 The difference betwixt these, is the expense which the 
farmer may lay out. 

transf. 1692 Ray Dissol. World i. ii. (1732) 78 The Re- 
ceipts from the Rivers fall short of the Expence in Vapour. 
1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 616 As to the Expence of the 
Sea-Water by Vapour, he concludes the Receipts of the 
Mediterranean to fall short of its expence. 

3. Burden of expenditure; the pecuniary charge, 
cost, or sacrifice involved in any course of action, 
mode of living, etc., or requisite for the attainment 
of any object. Also ¢vansf. [Originally a contex- 
tual use of 1.] 

1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 27 Many com- 
panies of souldiers to be levied. .without a penny of expence, 
of either his, or his complices. xr71x Appison Sect. No. 
102 P 11, I have several little plain Fans made for this Use, 
to avoid expence. 1799 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) IV. 277 
The direct tax and stamp tax will add two millions clear 
of expence. 1808 A, Parsons 7 rav. iii. 65 Those who can 
afford the expence, usually goto some part of the sea coast. 
1851 C. Aprertey Chase, Tur, etc. 62 All got up ‘regardless 
of expense’. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Char. Wks. 
(Bohn) II. 62 The scale of expense on which people live. 
1872 Raymonp Statist. Mines & Mining 135 A long list of 
legal expenses. . 

Jig. 1839 De Quincey Recollect. Lakes Wks. (1862) II. 
214 Who took upon herself the whole expenses of the flying 
colloquies exchanged with stragglers on the road. 

b. Phrases. + Zo lie at expense: (of a prisoner) 
to be a cause of outlay. At an expense of: at 
a cost or loss amounting to. Af the expense of: at 
the cost of (a certain sum), by the sacrifice of (some- 
thing); so at (a) great, little, etc. expense. To 
be at expense: to incur expenditure; so, 70 put 
(a person) to expense. To be at the expense, ex- 
penses (of): to defray the costs (of) ; also const. 
Zo with anf. 

@ 610 Heatey Theophrastus (1636) 41 Now what expence 
soever he is at, he proclaimeth. 1658-9 Burton's Diary 
(1828) IV. 6 He lies at expense. I move therefore, to call 
him in. 1710 Srerte Zatler No. 262 P 3 The new Pair of 
Gloves and Coach-hire that he was at the Expence of in 
her Service. c1gro C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 153 Some 
part of that mer one Mr. Fleetewood has been at the Ex- 
pence to draine. x7xz Appison Sfect, No. 418? 7 He is 
at no more Expence in a long Vista, than a short one. 1713 
Guardian No. 9 ¥ 4 Where, at the expence of 4 or sooo/. .. 
he built a new one. 1765 H. WaLroce O¢ranto ili. (1798) 
62 Vowing to guard the princess at the expence of his life. 
1774 Gotps. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. 1. i. 254 We have been at 
such expence and trouble. 1793 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 
160 All operations between the tropics are at an immense 
expense of human lives. 1859 Musketry Justruct. 52 At 
a considerable expense, to erect marker’s butts. 1882 Daily 
Ted. 12 June, The home eleven had got 52 at an expense 
of two wickets, 

ec, In g/. esp. : The charges, costs, items of out- 
lay, incurred by a person in the execution of any 
commission or duty ; ‘money out of pocket’; also, 
money paid to a person in reimbursement of these. 

1382 Wycuir 1 Macc. x. 44 Expensis shuln be 3ouen of the 
kyngies resoun. .to bilde out the wallis of Jerusalem. 1460 
Carcrave Chron. 198 The old Edward had every month 
to his expensis a hundred mark, 1535 CoverpaLe Yer. xl. 
5 The chefe captayne gaue him his expenses with a re- 
warde. 1601 Suaxs, 7we/. N. ut. i. 49 There’s expences 
for thee, 1656 Ben Isrart Vind. F¥udvorum in Phenix 
(1708) II. 410 Of the Tribute, Expences should be forthwith 
given unto the Elders. dod. You will allow me my ex- 
penses. 

d. A cause or occasion of expense. Also ¢vazs/. 

1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. iii. 51 Exertion is a physio- 
hg ce expense, Mod. His sons have been a great expense 
to him, 

4. At (+ on) the expense (+ expenses) of a person, 
etc.: so that he defrays the cost ; ‘at the charges of”. 

c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) xx. 221 The grete Chane hab euery 
day folk at His costages & expense. c 1477 Caxton Yason 
69 Appollo dide do make the arke..at the expensis of the 
king. 1549 Compl. Scot. xi. 89 He furnest .. tua hundretht 
lycht horse, on his auen expensis. 1609 Suaxs. Per. rv. 
iii. 46 Us, At whose expense ’tis done. 1678 Butter Hud. 
ut. iii. 456 Lawyers have more sober sense Than to argue at 
their own expence. 1697 Potter Axtig. Greece m. ii. 
(1715) 7 The Soldiers were all maintain’d at their own Ex- 
pences, 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales I. 67 Our piscator 
--declined dining at our expense. 1873 Act 36-7 Vict. c. 
71 §59 The Secretary of State may. .cause any water-course 
to be widened at the expense of such board. 

b. transf. At the expense of a person (or thing) : 
so that he (or it) suffers consequent loss, injury, 
or diminution, 


429 


1695 Lp. Preston Boeth. Pref. 6 And so, at his Expence, 
advance a little Trophy of Reputations to themselves, 1754 
Suertock Disc. (1759) I. xiii. 344 Gratify our Envy at the 
Expence of our Neighbour’s Reputation. 1807 'T. THomson 
Chem. (ed. 3) 11. 189 The copper wires. . were oxidized at the 
expence of the acid. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. ud. I. v. ix. 
711 The interest of the subordinates. .is.. pursued at the ex- 
pense of the service. 1849 Ropertson Sem. Ser. 1. vii. 
(1866) 120 There was obedience at the expense of .. feeling. 
1879 M. Arnoip Mixed Ess. 234 But the lovers of Hampden 
cannot forbear to extol him at Falkland’s expense. 

5. attrib. and Comb. as in expense-account ; ex- 
pense-book, MNaut. (see quot. 1867); expense 
magazine, a magazine in which a small portion 
of ammunition is kept for immediate use ; exfevse- 
reforming, -saving adjs. 

1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 80 Expence 
Books. 1867 Smyru Sailor's Word-bk, Expense books, ac- 
counts of the expenditure of the warrant officer’s stores, 
attested by the signing officers. 1839 W. F. Napier Penins. 
War xi. v, The explosion of an expense magazine. 1845 
SrocqueLer Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 174 There are, also, 
branch or expense magazines in the outworks. 1872 Ray- 
MOND Adines 284 The item of roads is a big one in the ex- 
pense account. 1880 /ortn. Rev. Feb. 267 Any expense-re- 
forming proposal meets with scant courtesy from the House. 

+ Expe‘nseful, cz. Ods. [f. prec.+-FUL.] At- 
tended with or characterized by expense; costly, 
expensive. Also, Given to expense, extravagant. 

1605 Cuapman Ad/ Foods in Dodsley O. P. (1780) IV. 144 
To stay him yet from more expenceful courses. 1624 Wor- 
ton Archit. in Relig. Wotton. (1672) 35 There is no part of 
Structure more expencefull thenWindows. 1667 Perys Diary 
(1879) IV. 389 The Duchess is not only the proudest woman 
in the world, but the most expensefull. 1688 Lett. Present 
State Italy 162 The expencefull humour that their late 
Marriages with France has spred among them, a@1716 
Soutu Serm. (1717) V. 147 An expenseful and laborious 
Education. 1775 in Asn. 

Hence + Expe‘nsefully adv., in a manner in- 
volving much expense. + Expe‘nsefulness, cost- 
liness ; varely (of persons) extravagance. 

1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon. 316 Sir William Sidley, a 
learned Knight, painefully and expensfully studious of the 
common good of his countrey. @1613 Oversury Arch- 
duke’s Country Wks. (1856) 232 The cause of the expense- 
fulnes of it [the war]. .is the remotenesse of those provinces 
from Spaine. 1688 Lp. Detamer Let. to daughter Wks. 
(1694) 34 She will... by her expencefulness leave her husband 


no better than she found him. 
+Expenseless, a. Ods. [f. Expense + 
Of things: Inexpen- 


-LESS.] Without expense. 
sive. Of persons: Free from expense, frugal (ly. 

1644 Mitton Educ. 5 He..may at some time or other, save 
an Army by this frugall and expencelesse meanes. 1703 PENN 
in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. 1X. 241 Keep my son as expense- 
lessas may be. 1712 BLackMorE Creation (1786) 108 What 
health promotes. . Is all expenseless, and procur’d with ease. 
1786 Francis the Philanthropist III. 152, 1 gave him my 
time for expenceless promises. 

Expensilation (ekspe:nsilZi-fan). Rom. Law. 
[ad. L. expenstlation-em, properly expensi latid a 
setting down of expenditures, Cf. ACCEPTILATION.] 
A process by which an existing cause of debt was 
merged in a new formal obligation (compare the 
English ‘account stated’, and the contract of ex- 
change in the law merchant). 

1875 Poste Gaius 111 Comm. (ed. 2) 363 Expensilation or 
Literal contract. /éid. 408 One species of Literal obliga- 
tion, namely Expensilation, .. was effected by an entry in 
these domestic registers. r 

Expensive (ekspe‘nsiv), a. [f. L. type *exfev- 
sto-us £. expendére (see EXPEND and -IVE); but early 
associated with EXPENSE.] 

+1. Of a person: Given to profuse expenditure 
(of money, time, health, etc.); lavish. Of an em- 
ployment: Tending to consume (time, health, 
etc.). Const. of Obs. 

_ 1628 Earte Microcosm., Universal Dun (Arb.) 74 Hee 
is now very expensiue of his time. 1655 Jer. TayLor Golden 
Grove (1659) 55 Use what innocent refreshment you please. . 
[but] let it not be too expensive of time. @ 1656 Be. HALL 
LEpisc. & Liturg, Rem. Wks. (1660) 421 See whether any 
have been more expensive either of their ink, or their blood. 
1704 STEELE Lying Lover u. (1747) 36 Young Men of this 
Age are ..so expensive both of their Health and Fortune. 
1817 J. Gitcurist /xtell. Patrimony 112 A regular arrange- 
ment of extracts..is..more expensive of time. 

b. Fond of expense; extravagant. Now rare. 

1650 Jer. Tayior Holy Living (2727399 What is itto me.. 
whether his wife be expensive. a 1698 Tempe (J.), Frugal 
and industrious men are friendly to the established govern- 
ment, as the idle and expensive are dangerous. 1782 Miss 
Burney Cecilia 1x. v, She was far other than expensive. 
1845 CarLyLe Cromwell (1873) I. 19 Sir Oliver, likewise an 
expensive man. . 

+c. ‘Liberal, generous, distributive’ (J.). rave. 

1678 Sprat Seri. (1722) 103 An active, expensive, inde- 

fatigable goodness. .such as our Apostle calls..a Labour of 


ve. . § : 

2. Of a.thing: Attended with expense; costly, 
dear. Zo come expensive: see COME 24 b. Also fig. 

1634 Brereton 7rav. (Chetham Soc.) 70 The two late ex- 
pensive and chargeable sieges of Buss. 1664 Eve.yn tr. 
freart's Archit. 119 Till .. the remedy [be] impossible or 
expensive. a1715 Burnet Own Time (1734) Il. 658 The 
Law of England is .. very expensive and aioe: 1726-31 
Tinvat Rafpin’s Hist. Eng. (1743) U1. xv. 109 He .. lived 
at so expensive a rate, 1776 ApAm Smitu WW. N. 1. xi. 
(1869) I. 232 To collect the produce of unimproved lands.. 
would be too expensive. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. iv, It’s 


EXPERIENCE. 


expensive keeping boys at home, 1865 BusHNneLt Vicar. 
Sacr. u. i. 192 God ..will bend Himself to any most expen- 
sive, lowest burden of sympathy. 1883 FroupE Short 
Stud, IV. 1. ii. 16 The father..was unable to give the child 
as expensive an education as he had desired. 

b. cransf. At cricket, of bowling or a bowler. 

1882 Daily Tel, 27 May, Barrett’s bowling was getting 
rather expensive, 1891 Daily News 30 June 3/7 Mr. Ferris, 
the Australian, proving very expensive. 

+ 3. quasi-adv. = EXPENSIVELY. Obs. 

1796 E. Parsons Mysterious Warning iv. 236 They lived 
very expensive, 

Hence Expensively adv., in an expensive man- 
ner, with (great) expense. 

«1631 Donne Let, to Sir H. G. in Poems 279 Our court 
tooke the resolution... to receive him [the French Prince] 
solemnly, ceremoniously; and expensively. @1745 SwirT 
(J.), I never knew him live so great and expensively. 
1809-10 CoLeRInGE Friend (1865) 146 Our immense military 
force is better and more expensively clothed. 1886 Law 
Times Rep. LI, 611/1 The liquidators could collect the 
outstanding calls..less expensively than the plaintiffs. 

Expensiveness (ekspe‘nsivnés. [f. prec. + 
-NESS. ] 

1. The quality of being expensive or costly, or of 
requiring large outlay; costliness. 

1655 Futter Hist, Camb. (1840) 224 Considering the ex- 
pensiveness of the place [Cambridge]. 1656 Prynne Rights 
Eng. Freemen 21 Vhe expensivenesse..of their Law sutes. 
1705 ARBUTHNOT Coins vili. (1727) 75 Their Highways, for 
their extent, solidity or expensiveness, are some of the 
greatest monuments of the grandeur of their Empire. 1876 
Gero. Enior Dan. Der.t. x, That..celebrity which makes an 
artist great to the most ordinary people by their knowledge 
of his great expensiveness. 1882 SEELEY aap Mag. 


XLVI. 457 The expensiveness of the wars. 
Disposition to lavish expenditure, extrava- 
gance. Now rare. 

1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. 1. xiv. 45 Ulrick Fugger .. 
was disinherited of a great patrimony onely for his studious- 
nesse, and expensivenesse in buying costly manuscripts. 
1796 Jane AUSTEN Sense § Sens. 11. xi. 304 His expensive- 
ness 1s acknowledged even by himself. 1819 L. Hunr Ji- 
dicator No. 1 (1822) I. 7 An improved knowledge which 
does not confound good taste with expensiveness. 

Expergefacient (eksp5:1,3/fé'-[iént), a. rare. 
[ad.L. expergéfacient-em, pr. pple. of expergefaccre: 
see next.] Awakening; of a nature to rouse or 
wake up. 

1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 117 Which..would prove as exper- 
gifacient [sic] as a sternutatory to the parties addressed. 

Expergefaction (ekspa:1,)dz?fie‘kfon). Now 
vare. [ad. late L. expergéfaction-em, n, of action 
f. expergéfactre, f. experg-dve to awake, rouse + 
facere to make, cause.) The action of awaking or 
rousing ; the state, condition or fact of being awak- 
ened or aroused. 

1638 O. SepGwickr Ser. (1639) 15 An heavenly experge- 
faction. 1651 Biccs New Disp. P 204 The dilatory ex- 
pergefaction froma disease. 1660 Howe.t Parly of Beasts 
45 Having, after such a long noctivagation. .return’d tomy 
perfect expergefaction. 1824 Black. Mag. XV. 94 An- 
other propitious recollection ; namely, my first experge- 
faction at Farsa. 1827 G. S. Faser, Sacr, Calendar 
Prophecy (1844) 111. 118 The first Head, after a long reign 
of more than 1800 years subsequent to its expergefaction 
by Augustus, etc. 

Expergefactor (ekspd:1,dz/fek'tor). [agent- 
n. f. L. expergéfacére (see prec.).] One who, or 
that which, awakens; an awakener. 

1823 Mechanic's Mag. No. 7.108 The newly invented 
Hydraulic Expergefactor rings a bell at the time when a 
person wishes to rise. 

+ Expergefy, v. Obs.-° 
ére: see prec. and -Fry.] 

1623-6 in CockrrAm. 

+Expergi‘scence. Os. vare—'. [f. L. ex- 
pergiscent-em, pr. pple. of expergisc? to awake, be 
awakened: see -ENCE.] An awaking from sleep. 

@1734 Nortu Lives (1890) III. 144 If it will save him 
I should perceive a plain expergiscence though I had no 
sense of drowsiness. a 

Experience (ekspi»riéns), sb. Also 4-6 ex- 
periens, -ians, -yens, 5-6 experyence. [a. I'r. 
expérience, ad. L. experientia, f. experient-em, pr. 
pple. of exferiri to try, put to the test.] 

+1. The action of putting to the test; trial. 
make experience of: to make trial of. Obs. 

1388 Wycuir Ge. xlii. 15 Now y schal take experience 
[1382 experyment] of 3ou. 7393 Gower Conf. I. 14 At 
Avynon thexperience Therof hab 30ue an evidence. 1596 
Spenser F.(. v. i. 7 Of all the which. .She [Astraa] caused 
him [Artegall] to make experience Vpon wild beasts. 163 
Suirtey School of Complement 1. i, Make Experience of my 
loyalty, by some service. 1668 Witkins Real Char. Ep. 
Ded. A ij b, The Art of Shorthand ., much-wondered at by 
Travailers, that have seen the experience of it in England. 

+b. A tentative procedure; an operation per- 
formed in order to ascertain or illustrate some 
truth ; an experiment. Ods. 

1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame 11. 280, | prove it. . Be experience, 
for if that thou Threw in a water now, astone[etc.].- cx 
Pallad. on Husb. vm. 47 Nowe have I made inoculacion 
Of pere and appultree: the experience Hath preved wel. 
Ree ig Baker Yewell of Health 112 a, The Aucthour..hath 
both seene, and done many experiences worthy memorie. 
1649 Burtue Lng, Improv. Lipr. (1653) 60 They will tell you 
a story of I know not what experiences they have made, 
when alas they never knew that an Experiment must hold 


[ad. L. expergéfac- 
trans. To awaken. 


To 


EXPERIENCE. 


in all its parts, R, R{ussett] Geder 1.1. 1v. i. 86 All 
which. .we pe ial rh Causes and with easie 
Experiences, 1763 Exiz. Carrer in Pennington Jfem. 
(1816) I. met re ee who have made the 
etc. 


experience, 

+2. Proof by actual trial; practical demonstra- 
tion. Zo put in experience: to fulfil in practice. 
Obs.; passing into 3. 

c 139 Cuaucer Astroé, un, § 1, 1..found the point of my 
rewle .. a lite with-in the degree & than haddy of this con- 
clusioun the ful experience. 1393 Gower Conf.’ II, 138 Thus 


hath this king experience, How fooles done the reverence 
To gold. 1447 ENHAM Seyntys (Roxb.) 5, had hereof 
good experyence, ¢1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 


469 Ye maye well perceyve the experyence of it es ag 
1494 Fanyan Chron. v, cxix. se hagunyee, .warnyd them.. 
that. .they shuld .. receyue warre wreche; the whiche 
was after put in experience 7 Ethelfridus Kynge of North- 
pes nr 1594 anees < Nasne Dido wv. iv, And now 
to make experience of my love, Fair sister Anna, lead my lover 
forth. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World II. v. i. § 1. 261 The ex- 

rience that Pyrrhus hath giuen, of the Roman power, in 

is dayes. 1715 De For am. /nstruct. t. iii. (1841) I. 58, 
I have a full experience of that, and thought my happiness 
always complete in it. : 

3. The actual observation of facts or events, con- 
sidered as a source of knowledge. 

1377 Lanctanp P, Pl. B, xvitt. 151 Thorw experience. .1 
hope pei shal be saued. 1563 Furke Meteors (1640) 13 
Therefore the Mariners by experience trying, that one 
flame. .signified tempest at Lied, supposed the same flame 
to be the goddess Helena. 1577 B. GooGe Heresbach's 
Husb. 11. (1586) 121 b, To poure into his mouth wine and 
oyle..we finde by experience, is verye good. 165: Wittie 


tr. Primrose’s Pop. Err... xiv. 51 Experience teacheth that | 


Agarick purges fleame. 1736 Butter Anal.1. ii. 35 It isnot 
so much a Deduction of Reason, as a Matter of Experience. 


1 Gotpsm. 7rav. 371 Just experience tells ..That those | 


that think must govern those that toil. 1785 Reip /xt. 
Powers 627 Experience informs us only of what has been, 
but never of what must be. 1830 Herscnet Stud. Nat. 


Phil. u.i. (1851) 76 The..only ultimate source of our know- | 
ledge of nature and its laws, experience; by which we | 
mean..the accumulated experience of all mankind in all | 


ages, registered in books or recorded by tradition. 1851 
Hetps Friends in C.1. 19 By making men as gods, enabling 
them to understand without experience. 1862 [Sir ri F. 
Steruen] Ess. by a Barrister 329 Daily experience informs 
us of the consequences. ; F 

4. The fact of being consciously the subject of 
a state or condition, or of being consciously affected 
by an event. Also an instance of this; a state or 
condition viewed subjectively; an event by which 
one is affected, 

1382 Wycuir Gex, xxx. 27 Laban seide to him..thur3 ex- 
peryens Y haue lernyd for God hath blissid to me for thee. 
¢ 1386 CHAUCER Wik's Prol. 1 Experiens..were ynough for 
me To speke of wothat isin mariage. 14.. 
in Tundale's Vis. 129 Yo have experiens Only of chyldyng. 
1532 Drewes /utrod. Fr. in Palsgrave 1049 Please God 
that ye understande it by experiens. 
Satir. Ess. (ed. 2) 172 A complete man..knowes what ex- 
perience can teach, but is not taught by experience. 1693 
C. Martner IWVond. [nvis. World: 
municants have been seriously examined about their Ex- 
perience of Regeneration. 1846 Hawtnorne Aosses (1883) 
47,4 man of science who .. had made experience of a 
spiritual affinity more attractive than any chemical one. 
1848 Macauray //ist, Eng. Il. 254 Both.. had learned by 
experience how soon James forgot obligations. 1874 Miss 
Mutock My Mother & [8 Many another girl has gone 
thro’ a similar experience. 1878 Hooker & 
269 Another unlooked-for experience was in store for us. 

b. In religious use; A state of mind or feeling 
forming part of the inner religious life; the mental 
history (of a person) with regard to religious emo- 
tion. Also aétrid., esp. in Expertence-meeting, a 
meeting (¢.2, a Methodist class-meeting or love- 
feast) held for the recital of religious experiences. 


1674 OwEN Holy Spirit (1693) 49 Testified unto by the Ex- 
perience of them that truely hex 1684 f 


Purific. Marie | 
3615 J. STerHEeNs | 


Churches, whose Com- | 


ALL Marocco | 


Bunyan Pilgr. | 


i. 47 marg., A Repetition of Christiana’s Experience. | 


1758 J. Epwarps IVs. 111. 32 Those experiences which 


are agreeable to the word of God are right. 1841-4 Emerr- | 
SON 


‘ss. Ser. 1. 256 The rapture of the Moravian and 
Quietist..the experiences of the Methodists, are varying 
forms [etc.]. 1854 H. Mitter Footpr. Creat. xiii. (1874) 235 
Ought the Christian controversialist to avail himself, in this 


question, of the experience argument? 1857 Goopricn Re- | 


coll, 1, 214 [At these meetings] there was praying, and ex- 
horting, and telling experiences, and singing. .sentimental 
religious hymns, _ 3 : 

5. In senses 3, 4 often personified ; es. in various 
proverbial phrases. 

1450 Nun 150 in E.£. P. 142 ‘ What ys yowr name, dame 
empryse?’ Sche seyde ‘my name ys experience.’ 1578 Timate 
Calvin on Gen. 249 Experience..is the school of 


430 


7. Knowledge resulting from actual observation 
or from what one has und . 
. 7 It hardelye agreeth 


1553 Even 7reat. pg ead 
common experience. 
.L. Wei. 26 . Yes, I haue gain’d my ex- 
aq. ae y 


with the pri! 
1600 ones anes 
os. experience 
Gonen Surv. Dial. 39, | have no further 
bare r3 


1s70 Dee Math. Pref. 24 This Arte [Astrology] is fur- 
nished with many er great Artes and experiences. 
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hush. w. (1586) re Some 
have an other experience for this purpose, and that is 
Potshardes beaten small ..and given unto them [Doves]. 
I Suaxs. LZ. Z. ZL. ut. i. 27 How hast thou purchased 
this experience? 1621 Botton Stat. Jred. 390 Sir Percy 
Sidney .. hath .. found amongst other experiences the 
great abuse of the clergie there. 1657 T. Barker Art 
of Angling (1659) 51, I have found an experience [i.e. 
salmon roe as bait) of late which you may angle with, and 
take great store of this kind of fish. avd Srurmy Mari-_ 
ner’s Mag. \. ii. 14, 1 will add one old approved Experience 
for the Mariners use .. that is, to cut ir, the Moon in 
[Taurus, etc.]. x Lassets Voy. /taly 11. 128 Here 1 
saw the schools. .full of pretty curiosities and experiences, 
Mechanical, Mathematical, and Hydraulical. 

8. The state of having been occupied in any de- 
partment of study or practice, in affairs generally, 
or in the intercourse of life; the extent to which, 
or the length of time during which, one has been 
so occupied ; the aptitudes, skill, judgement, etc. 
thereby acquired. 

1483 Caxton Cato A viij, He ought to haue thexperience.. 
to knowe what thynge right is. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 3 To 
theym that .. haue in Cronycles full experyence. r1§09 
Fisuer Fun. Serm, C’tess Richmond Wks. 292 The duke of 
suthfolke..was a man of grete experyence. 1511-2 Act 3 
Hen, VIII, c. 11 To the perfecte knowlege wherof bee 
requisite bothe da lernyng and ripe experience. 1586 J. 
Hooker Girald, /rel. u. xl. in Holinshed, By reason of 
their continuall wars they are very valient, bold, and of 
great experiences. 31591 SHaks. 7wo Gent. ul. iv. 69 His 
yeares but yong, but his experience old. 1647 CLARENDON 
Hist. Reb. 1. (1702) 1, 38 Observations, and Reflections ; 
out of which, that, which is commonly call’d Experience, is 
constituted. 1709 SreeLe 7atler No. 98 P2 You are stricken 
in Years, and have had great Experience in the World. 
1735-8 Bouincsroke On Parties 2 There is need of .. those 
He its in Business called Experience. 1 Burke Corr. 
(1844) I. 240 His experience in the world 1s but moderate, 
1828 Wuatecy Rhet. 11. $7 The authority derived from Expe- 
rience. 

transf. 1880 Miss Birp Yafan 1. 124 Making a difficult 
meal from a fowl of much experience. 

Experience (ckspiriéns), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

I. +1. trans. To make trial or experiment of; 
to put to the test; to test, try. Ods. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe ut. vi. (1541) 62b, In extreme 
necessitie it were better experience some remedy, than to do 
nothynge, 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals nu. m. 195 Alexander 
.-experienc’d him in some intricate business, and found him 
a person of worth. 168: CuetHam Angler's Vade-m. iv. 
$ 14 (1689) 46 Having never experienced them for these Fish, 
I dare not be positive. 1774 Pexnant Tour-Scot. in 1772, 
368 Persuade their governess to experience their zeal. 1780 
in Picton L'fool Munic. Rec. (1886) 11. 200 That the expences 
of the Sessions dinners. .be experienced for a few Sessions. 

+b. To ascertain or prove by experiment or 
observation ; chiefly with sentence as 047. Also 
rarely, To prove or reveal (a thing) 40 (a person) 
by experience. Ods. 

1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe (1541) Giij b, 1 my selfe have 
often experienced, the best remedy is [etc.]. 1656-7 Bur- 
ton's Diary (1828) 1. 333 This Quartermaster... had one 
hundred good horses in town. .for what time will 
experience. 1690 Lapy Russett Left. cxvi. IL. 80 This trial 
has..experienced to me my sad weakness, 1750 tr. Leo- 
nardus’ Mirr. Stones 82 It has been experienced, that if it 
be hung about the neck, it will cure the epilepsy. 

2. To have experience of ; to meet with ; to feel, 
suffer, undergo. 

1588 Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 549 (He) declared 
unto them, as one that had experienced the same, the re- 
warde of that good deede. 1645 SarrmarsH Ofer. Prynne's 
New Bk. 3 We experience in part some remainders of 
lacy. 1646 — Smoke in Temple 56 (The author defends his 
use of the verb (see prec. quot.) on the ground that useful 


fooles. 1590 Sir J, Smyru Disc. Weapons Sig. *2b, Ex- 
perience is the mother of Science. 1611 Suaks. Cyd. 1v. ii. 


Experience, oh thou disproou'st Report. Br. Haut 
yA Gil. 301 If Pai be the oo Tam 
sure it is the mother of wisdome. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety 
104 Experience is the daughter of Time. Disrakit 


Viv. Grey v. i, Experience is the child of Thought. 

6. What has been experienced; the events that 
have taken place within the knowledge of an in- 
dividual, a community, mankind at , either 
during a particular praca or generally, 

1607 Norven Surv. Dial. 31, 1 can finde nothing in mine 


to ir 1759 Rosertson 
Hist, Scot. 1. vt. 423 Her al me againgt the queen of 


Scots was greatly au; ited by recent rience. 1860 
Mitt Repr. Govt. (1868) 1431/2 profound study of Indian 
experience, 


are permissible). 1736 Butter Ava? 1. ii. Wks. 

1874 I. 45 The whole passage is. .applicable to what we ex- 

perience in the nt world. 1773 {. Auten Serm, St. 

Mary's Oxf. x ‘hey who experience his loving kindness. 

3847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist Servia 334 He was himself soon to 

experience a similar fate. 1860 Tynpaut Glac. 1. xviii. 129, I 
no trace of mountain sickness. 

b. To learn (a fact) tf experience; to find. 
With direct obj. and compl. inf., or with sentence 
as obj, Now rare. 

1580 Sir P. Sipney Arcadia (1613) 207 Pamela. .had now 
experienced how much care doth sollicite a lovers heart. 
1736 Butier Ana. 1. iii. 65 The divine government, which 
we experience ourselves under the present state. 1739 
Lapevye Short Acc. Piers Westm, Bridge 63 That River is 
experienced not rapid enough to occasion any Damage to 
the Piers of those Bridges. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre’s 
Stud. Nat. (1799) U1. 621, 1 then experienced what I knew 


belies haath: shat there are letc.} 1858 Hawrnorne Fr, & 


It. I. 88, I 
te ratcla rg ve ; that a landscape and the 
ce. transf. Of a thing: To meet with, 5 
1786 T. Jerrerson pie Stoo) II. 24 The treaties. .have 
y ‘was expected. Suu 
van View Nat. 1. 217 be niga of 
er 


than coun placed under 
1828 J. M. Srearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 198 The resist- 
i Seperioncnd by the hewn eme.ccee. 1888 Burcon 
Lives 12 Gd. Men 11. xu. 420 His bodily strength 


was.. 


visibly experiencing 
d. 70 experience rei : to beconverted. U.S. 
a 1852 Mrs, Wuitcuer Widow Bedott Papers (1883) xx. 


80 ~shad 
religion, Mls OG. We fieeaee Gaore: dope! Si Some 


far doubt if she had 5; 7 
ior oi Saal & professor. oor Mis KD. Waccnn 
Timothy's Quest, 136 You'd think nobody ever experienced 
religion afore, he’s so set up "bout it. 
+II. 3. a. Togive i to ; to make ex- 
agen to train (soldiers). Also, in passive : 
o be informed or taught by experience (Const. of, 
or with sudord. clause). Obs. 
» Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. . 64 Wi - 
omer ‘erg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) 1. 64 ea 


peri mistruste or con on 
first casualltie of the battaile. 1607 Torsett Four-/. Beasts 
(1673) 249 The Foot-men .. being experienced to run sud- 
denly with the Horse men, tees | into the battail. 16z2 W. 
Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 33 Whom no tryall can experi- 
ence, whom no de{s]truction can forewarne. 162z Lapy M. 
Wrotn Urania 509 Able to heare of Cupid, though not .. 
experienced by wound of his force. 1627 Sir R. Cottox 
Short View in Phenix 1. 70 The King, i i 
of the intents of his rebellious lords, and ing, etc. 1654 
WurtLock Zootomia 567 Experience thy Soule 
forts of Christs dying. . 

+b. To gain experience in, practise the use of 
(arms). Ods. rare. 

1787 W. Harte Statius’ 6th Thebaid 24 The youthful 
sailors. . Their arms experience, and for sea prepare. 

Experienced (ekspiriénst), A//. a. Also 
6-7 -enc’t,-enst. [f. EXPERIENCE sé, and v. + -ED1,] 

1. Of persons, their faculties and powers ; occas. 
of animals, and humorously of inanimate things : 
Having experience ; wise or skilful through ex- 
perience. Const. in, + of. 

1576 J. Knewstus Confut. (1579) Q ij b, Men not experi- 
enced of his goodness particu 4 must needs think, etc. 
1s92 Cuettte Kind-harts Dr. (1841) 28 The worshipfull 
company of experienst chirurgions. 1606 Suaxs. 77. § Cr. 
1. iii. 68 To his experienc’d tongue. Cromweit Sf. 
Sept. (Carlyle\, It will be the wisdom of all knowin; 
experienced Christians to do as Jude saith. ILTON 
P. L. 1. 568 He through the armed Files Darts his experi- 
enc’t eye. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) A 
crew of fifty men,all able and experi sail 1727 Swift 
Vanbrugh’s House, Th’ experienc’d bricks that knew their 
trade. 1832 Ht. Martineau Hill & Valleyii. 29 The stray 
sheep may come back experienced in pastu 1849 THo- 
REAU Week Concord Riv. Saturday 27 His perienced 
coat hanging. .straight and brown as the yellow pine back. 

Macautay fist. Eng. IV. 325 At that sate 
Godolphin the most prudent ond exparioncnd ,. of finan- 
ciers. 

absol, 16x12 Brinsiry Lud. Lit, 1 
of the. .wisest, and most experi: 

13 The young ever der wh 


Graue testimonies.. 
Lervon AJice 


y 


+2. Of remedies, etc.: Tested, tried, approved. 

+569 R. Anprose (¢#t/e), Alexis’ Secrets. .containing 680 
and odd i medecines. 31641 Best Farm. Bks. 
(Surtees) 1 The experienced ‘omne animal generat 
sibi simile’. 1676 Haru Contemfi.t. 2 It isthe most certain, 
known, experienced truth in the World that all men must 
die. 1780 Jounson Let. Mrs. Thrale 24 Aug., To.. 


« by exp every new 4 
3. Met with in the course of experience ; t, 
suffered, under; 


1604 STIRLING 
well witnesse 


NNING 

” experienced effects of our Method. 

aoe ALIson “7st. VILLI. li. ; 11, 235 A cautious 
Hence + Expe’riencedly adv., by experience. 

1617 Srrarrorp in Browning Life 289, I having felt [him] 


Se aoats tenet 
enceless (ckspi*riénslés), a. [f. Ex- 
PERIENCE Sb. + -LESS.] Having no experience. 

1875 Browninc Aristoph. Afol. 167 Unobservant or ex- 
perienceless, 1881 Amer. Missionary (N. Y.) July 189 They 
started out homeless, .and | 


mcer (ekspieriénsaz). [f. Exprrt- 
ENCE Y. +-ER1,] 
1. One who 4 
1862 F, Hat peg cog a 214 z either Ey ~~ 
fine pam nae ans | porn f .-the a 
of it has already in ii attained unto the end. 
+2. One who makes ex ents. Obs. 


+ Expe . Obs. rare, In 6 experiensie, 
-ensy. [ad. L. exferientia: see EXPERIENCE 5d. 


not felinglie Felt of 
ensie. /¢id. \vii. ror _Hauing in all times had 
Of rashe beginning of war. 


EXPERIENT. 


+ Experient, a. and sé. Obs. [ad. L. expe- 

vient-em ; see EXPERIENCE s6.] 

A. adj. Having experience ; 
Experient of: acquainted with. 

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. u. fin The wardeyne with his 

rodde experient May be therof thourgh putting every went 
lie. space dug]. ¢ 1523 Barctay tr. Mancini’s Mirr. Gd. 
Manners H itijb, The manner .. Of a wyse Phesician or 
Leche experient. 1605 Cuapman Ad? Fooles Plays 1873 I. 
121 Which wisedome sure he learn’d Of his experient father. 
1630 Lorp Persees 29 The knowledge of the latter in these 
experient times seemeth unnecessary. 

sol, 1642 Herte Fuller Answ. to Ferne To Rdr.1 No 
man can write well of it, but he must,,eate the Roll .. the 
experient herein are only eloquent. 

. so, Something experienced, tested, or tried. 
1605 Timme Quersit. 111. 156 This noble experient. 
Experiential (ekspierijenfal), a. [f. L. ex- 

pertenti-a (see EXPERIENCE sd.) + -aL.] Of or 
pertaining to experience or observation ; based on 
or derived from experience, Zxferiential philo- 
sophy : the system which regards all knowledge as 
derived from experience, So experiential philo- 
sopher, doctrine, etc. 

1816 Coterince States. Man. App, p. xi, The un- 
derstanding or experiential faculty, unirradiated by the 
reason..has no appropriate object but the material world. 
7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. (1877) I. iii. 54 It is 
called empirical or experiential .. because it is given us by 
experience or observation. 1871 Morty Voltaire (1886) 67 
The same method .. presided over the birth of the experi- 
ential psychology. 1874 Carrenter Ment. Phys. 1. ii. § 58 
The experiential acquirement of knowledge. 1882-3 H. D. 
Catperwoon in Schaff Zucycl. Relig. Knowl. 1224. The 
sceptical assault of Hume on the experiential philosophy. 

Hence Experie-ntialism, the theory or doctrine 
that all knowledge is derived from experience. 
Experie‘ntialist, a supporter of, or a believer in, 
experientialism. Experie’ntially adv., with re- 
gard to experience, in experience. 

1865 Masson Rec. Brit. Philos. 37 As Mr. Mill has used 
the adjective ‘ Experiential’ .. perhaps the substantive Ex- 
perientialism..might be brought into use. 1870 Covtemzp. 
Rev. XIV. 286 The Experientialists are always saying to 
the Axiomatic moralists, ‘You do not understand—we be- 
lieve in Conscience just as much as you do.’ 1876 Fox 
Bourne Locke II. x. 114 Locke’s piety..did not make him 
less of an experientialist or utilitarian. 

1647 H. More Song of Soud 1. Introd. 12/1 This trinall 
effect or spirituall influence on the Soul is experientially true. 
1697 J. Serceant Solid Philos. 124 The Reflex Act is ex- 
perientially known by the very Act it self. 1887 Mrs. C. 
Reape Maid o’ the Mill \. xvii. 246 He is, socially, as 
well as experientially, vastly her superior. ~ 

+ Experiently, adv. Ods. [f. Expertmnr + 
-Ly*.] By or in experience; experimentally. 

1413 Lypa. Pilger. Sowle v. xiv. (1483) 107 Bodely thynges 
ye men knowen experyently. 1504 tr. 7, & Kemifis 278 
‘That I may experyently haue the heuenly manna. 

Experiment (ekspe‘rimént). Also 4-5 
-yment, 6 -imente. [a. OF. experiment, ad. L. 
experiment-um, n. of action f. experivi to try.] 

1. The action of trying anything, or putting it 
to proof; a test, trial; esp. in phrases, Zo make, 
+ take (an) experiment. Const. of, Now some- 
what avch., and conveying some notion of sense 3. 

1382 [see ExPerIENcE sd, 1 quot. 1388]. 1542 Upatt in 
Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 7 Oons again to take experimente 
of me, 1598 SHaxs, Merry W. 1. ii. 36 To make another 
experiment of his suspition, 16x8 WitHER AZotto, * Nec 
Careo’ (1633) 533, 1 want not much experiment to show 
That all is good Boa pleaseth to bestow, 1691 T. H[aLr] 
Acc. New Invent, 6 The making the first Experiment thereof 
at Portsmouth, 1758 JoHnson adler No.2? 10 He may 
..make a cheap experiment of his abilities, 1778 Burke 
Corr, (1844) II, 241 The thing was worth the experiment, 
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India II. w. iii. 99 A short experi- 
ment of resistance. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Napoleon 
Wks. (Bohn) I. 38: Here was an experiment..of the powers 
of intellect without conscience. ; 

+b. An expedient or remedy to be tried. Ods. 

1586 Cocan Haven Health (1636) 120 The water. .is given 
to drinke..as a certaine experiment. 1657 W. Cotes Adazz 
in Eden \xxviii, You will find it a sure Experiment for the 
Quinsey. 1676 Lister in Ray’s Corr. (1848) 124 The vine- 
gar..from Gallium luteum, which I have tried, and is a rare 
experiment. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I, 146 At length I 
found out an experiment for that, also, which was this, etc. 

2. A tentative procedure ; a method, system of 
things, or course of action, adopted in uncertainty 
whether it will answer the purpose. 

1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam, Wits (1616) 307 Let him.. 
cause some shepheards to try this experiment. 1625 BAcoN 
Ess., Innovations (Arb.) 527 It is good..not to try Experi- 
ments in States. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 194 Begin 
again in ten or twelve Days..to make Experiments, 1874 
Green Short Hist. viii. 582 Puritanism. .as a political ex- 
periment..had ended in utter failure. 7s lowe Plato 
(ed. 2) V. 72 The experiment had never been tried of rea- 
soning with mankind. ¢ ‘ 

3. An action or operation undertaken in order to 
discover something unknown, to test a hypothesis, 
or establish or illustrate some known truth, 

a. in science. 

1362 Lanct. P. P2, A. x1. 157 Experimentis of Alconomye 
Of Alberdes makynge, Nigromancye and perimancie. c1400 
Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 7 (MS. A.) Confermynge my wordis .. 
wip experiment bat I have longe tyme used. 1471 RieLey 
Comp. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 189 Many Experyments I have 
had in hond. 1594 Par (¢7t/e), Diverse new and conceited 


= EXPERIENCED I. 


431 


Experiments from which there may be sundrie both pleasing 


and profitable uses drawne, 1 Locke Hign. Und. ww. 
xii. § 10 A Man accustomed to rational and regular Ex- 
periments, shall be able [etc.]. 1717 J. Kein Axim. 
(con, (1738) 417 An Observation or Experiment carefully 
made. .leads us with greater Certainty to the Solution. 1842 
W. Grove Corr, Phys, Forces (1850) 50 If the experiment 
be performed in an exhausted receiver, .the substance form- 
ing the electrodes is condensed, 
b. gen. (transf.) 

1597 Hooker £cc?/. Pol. v.12 The gathering of principles 
out of their owne particular experiments. 1750 Hume £7, 
& Necess. 134 These records of wars [etc.] are so many col- 
lections of experiments, by which the politician. .fixes the 
principles of his science, i 

+e. The object experimented on; the subject 
of an experiment. Ods. rare. 

1678 Marvett Let. Sir F. Trott Wks. I. 431 Where you 
yourselves are the experiment, 

4. The process or practice of conducting such 
operations ; experimentation. 

oy R. R{ussett] Geder ut, m1. 1. viii. 161 This is proved 
by Experiment. 1751 Watts Jazprov. Mind i. § 4 (1801) 17 
This sort of observation is called experiment. 1794 J. 
Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 117 Experiment is the wise de- 
sign of a scientific mind, inquiring after the order of events. 
1830 Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil. 76 By putting in action 
causes and agents over which we have control, and pur- 
posely varying their combinations, and noticing what effect 
takes place; this is experiment, @ 1862 Buckie Civ/d/s. 
(1869) III. v. 462 Experiment..is merely experience artifici- 
ally modified, 

+5. Practical acquaintance with a person or 
thing ; experience ; an instance of this, Const. of. 

1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 1. 662 He thairof had na _ex- 
periment. 1586 A. Day Exg. Secretary 1, (1625) 101 Of his 
-.-good behaviour [I] have had sound and large experiment. 
1645 Howett Le?t?. (1650) II. 113, I know by som experi- 
ments which I have had of you. 1699 Bentiey Phad. Pref. 
4, | speak from Experiment. 1741 MippLeton Cicero (ed. 3) 
II. vit. 255 This first experiment of Caesar’s clemency. 

+6. Practical proof; a specimen, an example. 

1526 Pilgr, Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 209b, By apparicyons 
and many argumentes and experymentes.. he appered to 
his discyples. 1578 Timme Calvin on Gen. 264 This is a 
true experiment of our obedience. @ 1628 Preston iVe7v 
Covt. (1634) 302, I will give you an experiment of it; you 
shall see two notable examples of it. 1684 tr. Lutropins 
vu. 177 [He] could not shew any experiment of himself., 
for..when he was beat in a skirmish. . He kill’d him self. 

Experiment (eksperimént), v. [f. prec. sb.] 

+1. trans. To have experience of; to experience ; 
to feel, suffer. Ods. 

1483 Caxton Zso0p 3 And these thynges sene and ex- 
perymented Esope retourned to his labour. 1503 S/ep/. 
Kalender \ii, He shall..experyment evill fortunes. a1577 
Gascoicne Ws. (1587) Ep., But a man of middle yeares 
who hath to his cost experimented the vanities of youth. 
1627-77 Fevtusm Resolves 1. xxv. 44 Having so often ex- 
perimented his juggling. 1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. iii. 7 
Paraphr. 23 Thy fatherly mercy..so often experimented by 
me. 1727A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. 1. viii. 86 Having 


experimented the Turkish wholesom Chastisements of | 


plundring and bastonading. . 

2. To ascertain or establish by trial (a fact, 
the existence of anything, etc.), Also with 04/, 
and compl. inf., and with sentence as 007, Ods. 

148r Caxton J/yrr.t. y. 22 Til they had experimented 
whiche was trewe, and who knewe most. 1561 Hottysusi 
Hom. Apoth, 27a, Thys helpeth very well and is experi- 
mented. 1564 Hawarp Lutropius 1. 19 They had..ex- 
perimented that they wer of great force upon the sea. 1581 
J. Bett Haddon's Answ, Osor. A iv, The greater part. .w 
have allready experimented to be accomplished in these our 
dayes, 1699 Dampier Voy. 11.111. 50 This I..experimented 
by exposing a couple of Goats to the Asperity thereof. 1755 
B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sc. ut. xi. 381 That may be easily 
experimented in a small Bird. 1812 Sourney Ommniana I. 
258 What is more wonderful, and .. may be experimented 
“eg day. : A 

+ 3, To make an experiment upon, make trial of, 
test, try. Ods. 

1524 Wotsey in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. App. xii. 24 The 
said viceroy [of Naples] wolde. experiment batail with the 
+-French king. 1558 Warpe tr. Alexis’ Secr. (1568) 42a, 
The pouder that was experimented in England. 1594 
Carew tr. Huarte’s Exam. Wits (1616) 181 In experiment- 
ing of medicines, hee should kill an infinit number of 
persons. 1692 Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) II. 559 Yester- 
day the duke of Leinster’s engine for working of wrecks 
was experimented on the Thames. 1703 T. N. City & C. 
Purchaser 91, 1 could very well experiment the strength 
of Mortar, 1776 Entick London I. 309 Several articles 
were proj to be experimented, ant if found good.. 
to be confirmed. 

4. intr, To make an experiment or experiments. 
Const. 07; also in indirect passive. 


1787 W. Marsuatt Norfolk I. 366 The laudable spirit of | 


experimenting. 1837 Gorinc & Pritcuarp Microgr. 193 
A person who has experimented with a reflector. 1857 
Kinestey 7h. in Gravel-pit Misc. I. 388 The more I ex- 
periment, .the more unexpected puzzles and wonders I find, 
1880 Ricarpson in Med. Temp. Frni. 72 To compel those 
experimented on to abide by the definition, 

Experimental (ekspe:rimental), a. and sé. 
[f. as prec. + -AL.] - adj. 

I. Relating to experience. 

+1. a, Ofa witness: Having actual or personal 
experience of anything, b. Of things: Coming 
within the range of experience ; observed. Ods. 

c1449 Pecock Refr, 1v. iv. 448 The same hool noumbre 
of homeli and experimental witnessers of Cristis deedis. 
1620 MeLton Astrolog. 29 It is vncerteine whether the ex- 


EXPERIMENTALISM. 


perimentall effect is to be ascribed to this or that planet. 
1704 Newton Oftics ut. (1721) 364 We have no other evi- 
dence of universal impenetrability, besides a large experi- 
ence, without an experimental exception. 1749-51 Bp. 
Lavincton Enthus. Meth. & Papists (1754) 11. 218 Of this 
he himself is an experimental witness. 

2. a, Based on or derived from experience as 
opposed to mere testimony or conjecture. + Of 
a remedy: Discovered by experience, b. Founded 
on experience only; empirical. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 46b, Experymentall 
knowlege of the heuenly lyfe tocome. 1599 SHaks. Auch 
Ado. i. 168 Trust not my reading, nor my obseruations, 
Which with experimental seal dothe warrant The tenure of 
my booke. 1608 TorseL. Serpents 594 A certain experi- 
mental unguent known to be practised in this sport, made of 
the oyl pressed out of wilde radish. 1635 W. Woon (/7¢/e) 
Nevv Englands Prospect. A true, lively, and experiinentall 
description of that part of America, commonly called Nevy 
England. 1668 Excellency of Pen & Pencil 46 An experi- 
mental Rule practised by the best Etcher in England, 1709 
Berketry 7h, Viston § 72 Not a necessary but only an 
experimental connexion. 1 Goutsurn Purs. Holiness 
Pref. 10 To bring myself and others an experimental 
knowledge of God. 1879 Kranr tr. Lefevre's Philos. ii. 141 
Aristotle never ceases to oppose science to experimental 
knowledge. 

e. Lxpertmental religion: practical experience 
of the influence of religion on the powers and 
operations of the soul. + Lxferimental divinity: 
the method of dealing with the conscience and 
religious feelings ; so + experimental divine. 

1614 Br. Hatt “fist. 1. vii, The one excelled in experi- 
mentall divinity ; and knewe well how to stay a weake cone 
science, how to raise a fallen. 1658 L. Womock Exam, 
Tilenus 85, I was never much taken with those Obadiahs.. 
give me your experimentall Divines. 

II. Relating to experiment. 

3. Based on, derived from, or ascertained by 
experiment. 

1§70 Der Alath, Pref. 30 That, was rather a kinde of 
Experimental! demonstration. 1674 C. Goopatt College 
Phys. Vind, (1676) 89 Their experimental demonstrations of 
the circulation of the Chyle. 1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. 
Phil. 73 Legislation and politics become gradually regarded 

sexperimental sciences. 188x CarpENTER in 19¢/ Cent. 615 
Experimental evidence has not yet .. been obtained of the 
direct penetration of the solar rays to more than 100 fathoms. 

b. Experimental Philosophy: (a) the philo- 
sophy which insists on experiment as the necessary 
foundation and test of all reasoned conclusions. 
(¢) Physics or ‘natural philosophy’ as studied or 
demonstrated by means of experiments (now 7a). 
So also, experimental chemistry, physics, sctence, 
Hence experimental philosopher, chemist, ete. 

165t G, THomson (¢it/e), A vindication of Lord Bacon, the 
Auctor of Experimental Philosophy. 1665 GLANVILL Sceps. 
Sc?. 68 All experimental philosophers have been needlessly 
imployed. 1706 S, Clarke Ox the Evidences Pref. A iij, 
Robert Boyle was ..ciligent and successful in improving 
experimental philosophy. 1809 JZed. ¥rn/. XXI. 175 Lec- 
tures..at Guy’s Hospital..[on] Experimental Philosophy. 
1819 Pantologia, Experimental Philosophy is an investiga- 
tion of the wisdom of God in the works and laws of nature. 
1871-2 Cassell’s Techn. Educ, 11. 303 A physician and ex- 
perimental chemist. 1887 J. THomas Dict. Biog. I. 421 Boyle 
..a celebrated chemist and experimental philosopher. 

transf. 1796 Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VIIT. 55 
As speculatists he [the Duke of Bedford] is a glorious 
subject for their experimental philosophy. 

4. Of persons: Skilled in experiment. rare. 

18rr Pinkerton Petrad. II. 421 A more candid and equit- 
able judge cannot be invoked than the patient and experi- 
mental Saussure. ; 

5. Of the nature of an experiment ; tentative. 

1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia I. 1. i. 16 A first and experi- 
mental attempt. 1857 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 35 A young 
man’s work..may be more or less experimental. in 

6. Of or pertaining to experiments; used in or 
for making experiments. 

1792 A. YounG Trav. France 213 Signore Arduino .. 
shewed me the experimental farm. 1812 Sir H. Davy 
Chem. Philos. Introd. 9, I have .. received much useful 
experimental aid from Mr. E. Davy. 1869 TyNDALL in 
Fortn, Rev. 1 Feb. 236 The experimental tube now before 
you, x88r N. Lockyer in Nature No. 617. 398 The spec 
trum of potassium..varies very much under different ex- 
perimental conditions. ; 

+B. sb. Obs, [The adj. used adsol.] 

a. A trial, an experiment. b. An experimental 
proof. e. A fact or datum of experience. d. A/. 
Things learned by experience; experimental or 
practical knowledge, 

&, 1659 C. Noste Moderate Answ. to Immod. Queries 1 
Experimentals that have been made. .what kind of Govern- 
ment would best go down. 

. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 11. 130 Pre-demonstrate 
them, by calculation, before the Senses give an Experi- 
mental thereof. 

ec. 1628 T. Spencer Logic 5 Art is made, when as one 
vniversall thing, is framed out of many experimentalls. 
1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xl. (1739) 176 Whose 
Counsels are.. Notionary, and grounded. .not upon experi- 
mentals of most publick concernment. 

1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) III, 361 As to expe- 
rimentals. .a mere novice. 

Experimentalism (ekspe:rime-ntiliz’m). [f. 
prec. + -ISM.] 

1, a. The principles of the experimental school 
in philosophy or science; adherence to empirical 
doctrines. , Empiricism in practice. 


——— a ee 


EXPERIMENTALIST. 


fedaad bee in Rem. Gee eS ee 
physics and physiology compoun Cartesian Mechanics 
and pad (for it ar oe credulous childhood of ex- 
perimentalism). 1855 “ss. /ntuitive Mor.157 If this principle 
of general rules cannot be by FP ted on experimental- 
ism. 1860 J. P. Kennepy Xod of i xvi. 183 A ready 
votary of that credulous experimentalism which has filled 
the world with victims to medical imposture. _ 

2. Experimental research ; the conducting of ex- 
periments. Cf. EXPERIMENTALIST 1. rare. 

1842 Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 562 He has not the genius of 
experimentalism. 


talist (ekspe:rimenntilist). [f. as 
prec. + -IsT.] 


1, One who devotes himself to experimental re- 
search in some branch of science; one who is 


skilled in performing experiments. Bes 
1762 W. Jones (of Nayland) Zss. Nat. Phil. 1. iti. 26 
There is hardly a motion in nature, which this fluid, when 


applied by a diligent experimentalist, is not capable of pro- 
ducing. 1787 Ww Marsuatt Norfolk 1. 366 Praise is due 
to every experimentalist in agriculture. 1794 G. Apams 


Nat. & Exp. Philos. 1. v. 175 The qualities that distin- 
guish an observer of nature from a mere experimentalist. 
1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 20 This person..was the 
last active experimentalist who believed that transmutation 
has actually been performed. 1881 Luspock in Nature No. 
618. 411 Faraday, the prince of pure experimentalists. 


2. One who is fond of trying experiments, or 


who advocates new schemes. 


1828 Wuatety Riet. 1. iii. § 2 Being regarded as a dan- 


gerous experimentalist. 1857 Toutm. Smitn The Parish 
363 Making ‘districts’ .. seems .. the favourite scheme of 
the experimentalists. 

3. nonce-use. One who has an experimental sense 


of religion. 


1806 A. Knox Ser. 1. 34 The. .disagreement between the 


merely moral Christian and the experimentalist. 

Experimentalize (eksperimentaloiz), v. [f. 
as prec, + -IZE.) 7zztr. To make or try experi- 
ments. Const. ov, wfon; also, in indirect pas- 
sive. 

1800 Soutney Lie (1850) II. 38 You may experimentalise, 
if you like. 1831 
(1878) II. ix. 249 Though a poet should have a strongly 
passionate nature, he should .. be able to. .experimentalize 
with it. 1862 THornpury 7'urner I. 64 A few old masters 
that have been experimentalized on. 1873 Symonps Grk. 
Poet. 2 We cannot experimentalize upon the process of 
ethnical development. 

Hence Experime‘ntalizer, Experime‘ntaliz- 
ing v/. sb. 

1857 Toutm. Smitu The Parish 1 A great saving of time 
and trouble to the experimentalizer. 1882 F.G. Kerr in 
Macm. Mag. XLVI. 448 The device .. left the experimen- 
taliser with a virtual mute on his hands. 1865 Pa// Ma// 
G. 17 Oct. 10 They continue their guessings and experimen- 
talizings, and wisely continue them. 

Experimentally (ekspe:rime-ntali), adv. [f. 
EXPERIMENTAL @. + -LY ?.] 

1. By experience ; as the result of experience. 

1593 R. Harvey Philad. 106 Trusting none, but which 
they find certainly, and experimentally true. 1644 Br. Hatt 
Serm. Rem. Wks. (1660) 110 Those solid divines that ex- 
perimentally know what belongs to the healing of a sinful 
soul. 1674 R. Goprrey Jj. §& Ab. Physic 25, I speak ex- 
pevimentally: for I.. took several..such poysonous Medi- 
cines. @1716 Soutu Serm. (7744) VIL. vii. 135 A king 
..experimentally acquainted with the ways. .of flatterers. 
1833 Lams E/ia (1860) 367, I do not understand these mat- 
ters experimentally, 1836 W. Burcu (¢i¢/e), The Divinity 
of Christ experimentally Considered. 

2. By means of experiment. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. m1. iv. 112 Thus was it.. 
experimentally refuted by one Sestius a Physitian. 1684-5 
Boye Min. Waters Advt., The way of experimentally ex- 
ploring portions of a Mineral Water. 1762 Foote Orator 
1. Wks. 1799 I. 205 Several churches and chapels .. where 
the sleep-compelling power will be experimentally demon- 
strated to exist. 1793 Beppors Math. Evid. Ded. 7 For 
who ever heard ot Cumanry. . being proved experimen- 
tally? 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. x. 110 The curvature 
of the runners was determined experimentally. 

3. By way of experiment. 

1862 Kep. Dir. E. Ind. Railw, Co. 15, 1 proposed a road 
entirely of wrought iron, experimentally, of a mile in 


length, 
‘rimenta‘rian, a. and si. Obs. [f. 
EXPERIMENT 50. + -ARIAN.] 

A. adj. Relying on experiment; = Exprrt- 
MENTAL, —_B, sb. One who relies on experiment, 
an experimental philosopher. 

1661 Boyvte Z-ramen v. (1682) 46 Mr. Hobbs is pleased to 
call us Experimentarian Philosophers. — Chr. Vir- 
tuoso 1. Wks. 1772 V. 536 Another thing that qualifies an 
experimentarian for the reception of a re religion. .is 
that [etc.]. 1816 D. Srewarr in Zxcyci. Brit. Supp. 1. 62 
Hobbes .. treating the experimentarian philosophers as ob- 
jects only of contempt. 

erime’ntate, A//. a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. 
Fr. expérimenté, pa. pple. of expérimenter f. ex- 
périment EXPERtMENT. See -aTe2,] Arising in 
the course of ee experimental, 

1651 Biccs New Disp. Pref. 2 And having had an experi- 
mentate opportunity to know. 

xperime‘ntate, v. Os. rare—'. [f. Fr. 
expérimenter to EXPERIMENT ; see -ATE3,] rans. 
To make tele of, to try as an experiment. 

1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals m. m. 325 This advertise- 

ment was experimentated by the Heads of the Factions. 


Fr. A. Kempte Let. in Rec. Girlhood | 


. a 


432 

Experimentation (eksperiméntz'fon). [f. 
EXPERIMENT v7. +-ATION. Cf. Fr. expérimentation.] 
The action or process of experimenting or making 
experiments ; a series of experiments. 

1675 Petty Disc. Dufl. Proportion 67 If the just length 
of any one Gun hath been well found by Experimenta- 
tion, then may also be known the length of every Gun. ax 


1875 
H.C. Woop Therap. (1879) 47 This method of experimen- 
tation can throw but title ; 


venturing upon an experiment; of the nature of 
an experiment. 

1825 Corerince Aids Refi. Pref. (1848) 1. 19 Without a 
certain portion of gratuitous and .. experimentative faith in 
the writer. 1885 G. W. Caste in Century Mag. XXIX. 412 
Any experimentative truce. 

+ Expe'rimenta:tor. Os. rare. [f. Exreni- 
MENTATE v. + -OR.] @. An experimenter. b. 
One who relies on experiment ; an empiric. 

a. 1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 72 As that mechanick experi- 
mentator hath it in his Sylva Sylvarum. a 1691 Boye 
Contn. New Exp. Wks. 1772 1V. 507 The experiments them- 
selves, and also the design of the experimentators requir- 
ing [etc.]. 1748 Lond. Mag. 209 The Lead..would depart 
in a rectilinear Direction from the Hands of the Experi- 
mentator. 

b. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. Pref. 2 He..may be 
called .. an Experimentator, if he practise Physick upon 
Ex riments, not true Experience. 

xperimented (eksperiméntéd), A/a. Also 
6 experiment. [f. EXPERIMENT v. + -ED!.] 

1. Of persons: Experienced ; practised or versed 
7m (an art). Now rare. Cf. Fr. expérimenteé. 

©1477 Caxton FYason 120b, Ye are right wise and well 
experimented in plente of hye sciences. cr Pace in 
Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. App. xi. 21 Spanyardys, in that facul- 
tie wonderfullie experimentid or learnid. 1549 Com. Scot. 
Prol. 14 He estemeis vs to be litil experementit in the veyris. 
1582-8 //ist. James VI (1804) 110 Learnit men, weill ex- 
periment in physick. 1662 Gerprer Princ. 16 Divers ex- 
perimented Architects. 1883 Gd. Words 144 No mere 
writer, but a man thoroughly experimented in the world. _ 

2. Of a remedy: Proved or tried by experi- 
ment or experience ; approved. Of a fact, etc. : 
Known by experience or experiment ; ascertained, 


| authenticated. Ods. 


1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde Prol, (1634) 2 Diuers.. 
more experimented and more familiar medicines. 1584 R. 
Scor Discov. Witcher. xiv. viii. 312 So manie experimented 
examples. 1608 Topsett Serpents 622 A late physitian, 

rescribeth an experimented. .oyl against any poyson taken 
into the body. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1.i. 8 For 


want of a clear, and sensible, and experimented observation. | 


1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 103 A Noble, Experi- 
mented..Remedy. 1807 Hutton Course Math. (1811) II. 
376 The experimented resistance .. is nearly 4 part more 
than that which is assigned by the theory. 

+3. Met with in the course of experience ; = Ex- 
PERIENCED 2. Ods. 

1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1707/5 Disorder, Slavery, and the 
worst of Experimented Mischiefs. 1715 D'Anois Wks. 105 
The experimented Vexations of my first Marriage made me 
afraid to venture, 1812 Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 199 
This is said from experimented woe and extreme calamity. 

Expe:rimentee’. varve—'. [f. EXPERIMENT z. 
+-EE1,] One on whom an experiment is made. 

1890 Lifpincott’s Mag. ¥eb. 241 A second trial is made to 
test the length of time during which the experimentee can 
maintain his previous grip. 

Experimenter (ekspe‘riménta1). Also 7, 9 
(erron.) -or. [f. EXPERIMENT v, +-ER1.] One who 
experiments ; one who makes or tries experiments. 

1570 Dee Math. Pref. 28 You see, how the Mechanicien 
and Experimenter..are..tought. 1660 Bove New Exp. 
Phys. Mech. i. (1682) 17 That noble experimenter— Monsieur 
Pascal. 1694 Stare in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 203 The Ex- 
perimentors of this Age. ax mM. Exper. Philos. 
(1776) I. 293 A work of this kind would require assiduity in 
the experimenter. 1816 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. §& Art 
II. 87 The experimentor should have the weights of his 
globe in air and in water. 1830 Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phi. 
319 Dilatation of solids has been made a subject of repeated 
and careful measurement by several fs argo 

entist (eksperiméntist). [f. Expr- 
RIMENT + -18T.] A systematic experimenter. 

1667 Evetyn Mem, (1857) I11. 195 Our regi have out- 

done. ,all the Experimentists, nay, t e great Verulamhimself. 
entize (ekspe‘riméntai:z), v. rare. 

[f. as prec. + -1zE.] 
sR 4 To make an experiment or experiments. 
7 Darwin in Life § Lett, (1887) 1. thought I 
weld experimentise on Falconer ye y Reg 4 
Sr pe ral. XIV, 313 Sir Thomas Browne. .experiment- 


y in sp & 
2. ¢vans. To make the subject of an experiment. 
Hence Expe'rimentized, -izing f//. adjs. 
1779 T. Twinine Recreat. § Stud. (1882)74 He is a search- 
ing, experimentizing, active-minded man. Fraser's 
‘ag. 1V, 721 Shameful experiments. . which d de- 
struction to the experimentised. 
rrimently, adv. Ods. [f. EXPERIMENT 
+ -LY*.] By experience ; as a matter of experi- 
ence; only in phrase 40 know experimently. 


eo Bate Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 21 Se what our auncient 
Englysh writers had sayth in thys matter, whych more ex- 


tly knewe it. A. Fox tr. Wurts! Surg. 1. xiv. 
ee EE ie a ae Sere Th ay 
he aa knew 20 exponent hh. 


+ 3 8 agape ee i 
Experre’ction. . [n. of action 
pergisct (ppl. stem Sieh to wake up.] The 


on of waking up. 


Hoitann Plutarch's Mor, e ians .. 
p. - By the one cometh tea tak ie hag and 
sleeping : in the other of experrection or ing. 

Expert (eksps it), @.1 Also 4-6 experte. [a. 

OF. expert, espert, ad. L. expert-us, pa. pple. (act. 

and pass.) of exferiri to try : see EXPERIENCE 5d. 
Cf. Apert, ASPERT.] 
I. In active sense. 


1. Experienced (77), ha upaian . Obs. 
bad a 7 (i), 1. 131 7 oe. 
67. 


in love. 


"9 » oe amet ye 
mow taken heede, And ben expert of this .. dicipline, 


whiche haue writen theyme to 
i. pe a Boccaccio's Fl coma Be ‘ulieribus i 
ve ynge after experte the paynes berynge 
children. 1630 R. Yohnson's Kingd. & —— Fre- 
quent the company of the expert, that by noting thei: 
servations .. you may [etc]. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 
are 


41556 


27 A Protestant Militia of 25,000, the most whereof 


| expert in War. 


- skilful. 


“| As pa. pple. act. with verbal regimen: Having 
tested, having had experience of. Ods. (a mere 
Latinism). 

1382 Wycuir £cc/. viii. 5 Who kepeth the hest, shal not 
ben expert any thing of euel. ¢ 1400 "s Cirurg. 
33 (MS. A) Galion and Auicen and I pat am expert here 
seiynge, we seie pat [etc.]. 1513 Dovctas £neis 1. iv. 77 
The craigis quhar monstrous Ciclopes dwell 3e ar expert. 

2. Trained by experience or practice, skilled, 
Const. at, a, + intil, + of, to with inf. 

©1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 67 Calcas .. in science so ex- 
perte. ¢1386 — Prol. 577 Maystres..That were of lawe 
expert and curious. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 
143 Men were often expert to socour. c1425 WyNnToUN 


| Cron, vi. xxxv. 36 He expart wes in-tyl swilk thyng. 


1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 12 Clerkis..ar mair expert in latyne 
tong fart. 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 12 Many places, in 
the Ciuile law, require an ex Arithmeticien. 
Litucow Trav. vy. 188 Neither are they [Turks] expert 
Mariners. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1729) I. v. 116 Thick 


| where the Spaniards might easily lay in ambush. .at which 


they are very expert. 1777 Watson PAilip J/ (1793) III. 
on 85 Eapat both in rg arts of peace and war. 
Bryant /iad I. 1. 67 Idomeneus cy to wield the spear. 
1873 Hate /n His Name viii. 69 Florentine was not 
expert in ecclesiastical matters, __ 
b. Hence of personal qualities or acquirements. 
1542 Upatt tr. Evrasm. Apoph. 269 a, In the 
knowelage of warre kepyng. 1563 Suute Archit. Bijb, 
To haue experte knowlad; ing. 
Grotius’ Low C. Warres 1 
so much by the greatness 
of the Captains. 3 
+II. 3. In passive sense: Tried, proved by 
experience. In early use often (after Lat.) as 
mere pple. Ods. - 
1 revisa /figden (Rolls) I. 119 Whiche ge was 
nae -. of ii, men. ©7430 Lyne. Rochas m1, ai 1124, 
ex) ued. cx14go St. 
’s) help in othir 
expert. 1494 Fasyan C vit, 


’ melanchol . 
ate ii 49 His Pye fis} Of verie expert, 
"d Allowance. 1612 
(e*kspiat), sd. [a. mod. F. expert (the 
adj. used subst.) ; see Expert a.! 
1. One who is expert or has gained skill from 


him to be regarded as an authority; a specialist. 
Also attrib., as in expert evidence, witness, etc. 


18a Act 6 Geo. IV, c. The of to 
socortsia ‘ant fix the pA 1858 Sat, Rev. Vi 64s 
WN. 


fs R Adam Smith’. 

HET ity? acorn 

ROWNING ; 1 
) me Hes at the adjudged By experts. 1884 Patt 
Mal G. 22 Sept. 6/1 An expert court of first instance. . 
be Se ae as Rep. LX, 684/2 A 

well-known re . 

“b. In saoent oie esp. One skilled in the study of 


hacker 

1858 Sat. Kev. V. 656/1 Professional swear to 

their belief in the peeress’s authorship. E. Epwarps 

I. xix, 385 The obliterated names can .. 
the most —— 1882 Standard 21 

Oct. 2/5 To him [ ethercift] the term * was first 


pplied. 1886 Besant Childr. Gileon My writing 
sawed known ; experts swore that ae eigery wes by me. 


EXPERT. 


+ Expe'rt, «.2 Obs. [ad. L. expert-em, lit. Shav- 
ing no part (in)’, f. ex- (see Ex- fref.!) + part-, 
pars Part.] Destitute or devoid of, free from, 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 337 Thouzhe. . Bede. .seye 
that londe not to be experte of vynes. 1608 CHAPMAN 
Byron's Conspiracy Plays 1873 11. 197 Into purest ayre Ex- 
pert of humor. 1616 — Homer's Hymns, To Venus 358 He 
+» Should immortality breathe, Expert of age and woe as 
well as death. Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 190/2 
A principle is expert of generation and corruption. 

+ Expert, v. Ods. [f. L. expert- ppl. stem of 
experiri to try: see EXPERIENCE sd., Expert a.'] 
trans. To experience; to know by experience. 
Hence Expe'rted A//. a., experienced. 

1432-50 tr. 7igden (Rolls) I. 183 The women experte the 
knowlege of diverse men. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 60 They 
have no sufficient bookis .. and be not expertid. 1553 S. 
Casot Ordinances in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 262 For declara- 
tion of the trueth which you shall haue experted. 15) 
Spenser Sheph. Cal. Nov. 183 Knewe wee. .whatit ideath] 
us bringes untill, Dye would we daylie, once it to expert. 
1587 Freminc Contin. Holinshed 111.1. 306/1 This Thomas 
was a man. .experted. .in ecclesiasticall matters. 

Evxpertism. nonce-wd. [f. Expert sd. +-1sM.] 
The quality of being an expert. 

1886 Sat. Rev. 30 Jan. 150 Mr. Arch..could claim. .the 
right of expertism. 

rxpertize, v. nonce-wd. [f. as prec. + -1ZE.] 
intr. To act as an expert. 

x Harper's Mag. Feb. 336/2 So complex and difficult 
are the questions involved in expertizing. 

Expertly (eksps:1tli), adv. [f. Expert a.) + 
arit In an expert manner. ‘a. As one who 
has had experience; by actual experiment. +b. 
As one who has been proved or tried, ce. Skil- 
fully. 

a. c1420 Pallad. on Hus. vu. 110 Unbynde it thenne, 
and there expertly se How oon tree is in til an other ronne. 
» 1548 Vicary Avat. (1888) 11 Not for them that be ex- 
pertly seene in the Anatomie. 1652 GauLe Magastrone. 
114 Their. .counselling. .that an astrologer be a man both 
expertly ethicall and physicall? 

@. 1798 Epcewortu Pract. Educ. (1811) 1,457 Children 
may answer expertly to the questions, What is attention ? 
What is memory ? 

Expertness (ekspdutnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality or condition of being expert. 
+a. Experience, thorough knowledge. Const. of. 

1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 302 Their enemies 
expertnesse of the Countrie troubling their marches, 

b. Skill derived from practice ; readiness, dex- 
terity. Const. zz. 

r6or Suaxs, Ad/’s Well w. iii. 202 You shall demaund 
.. what his valour, honestie, and expertnesse in warres. 
1682 Norris H7erocles 17 Great knowledge and expertness 
in the laws of God. 1797 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) 1. 286 
From it’s expertness in cracking them [it] has obtained it’s 
name [nuthatch]. a@ 1859 Macautay Hist. Exg. V. 84 Port- 
land, with .. great expertness in business, was no scholar. 
1884 SEELEY in Contemp. Rev. Nov. 656 He might pass 
for a prodigy of literary expertness. 

Expertship (ekspaitfip).  [f. Expert sd. + 
poy The condition or dignity of an expert. 

1880 Daily News 9 Sept. 5/1 Persons who would be. .af- 
fronted if their expertship in cricketing matters were denied. 

+Expe'tible, 2. Ods. [ad. L. expetibil-zs, f. 
expetére to desire, f. ex- (see EX- pref.!) + petére 
to seek.] To be wished for or desired ; desirable. 

1569 Newton Cicero's Old Age 30a, Somethinge .. excel- 
lente, and for itself onely se ment 1655-60 Stan.ey //ist¢. 
Philos. 1. 1. 4 Particular pleasure is expetible in it selfe. 
1679 Putter Moder. Ch. Eng. xiv. 410 An establishment, 
somewhat less perfect with [uniformity]..is more expetible 
than an appointment in some Circumstances more perfect, 
without [uniformity]. 1721-1800 in Baitey. : 

Hence + Expe'tibleness, the quality of being 
desirable. 1775 in Asn. 

Expiable (ekspiab'l), @. [a. F. expiadle, ad. 
L. expidbilis, f. expidre: see ExpiatE.] Capable 
of being expiated ; admitting of expiation. 

1570 Levins Afanip. 3 Expiable, expiadilis. 1575 Futke 
Conf, Purg. (1577) 225 The popish Purgatory, where none 
but veniall and light sinners are expiable. 1614 Br. Hatt 
Epist. m. vii, Gothes .. have thought this wrong [adultery] 
not expiable, but by blood. 1838 Lytron Ze//a m. i, Any 
connexion between a Christian knight and a Jewess was 
deemed a sin, scarce expiable. 

+Evxpiament. Oés.—° [as if ad. L. *expia- 
ment-um {. expidre: see EXPIATE.] An expiation. 

1727 in Baey vol. II. 

+ Evxpiate, f//. 2. Obs. rave—'. [ad. L. ex- 
piat-us, pa. pple. of expidre: see next.] Of an 
appointed time: Fully come. Cf. EXPImatE v. 7. 

1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, m1. iii.23 Make haste, the houre of 
death is ex; iate [later folios, now expir’d]. 

Expiate (ekspijeit), v. Also 7 expiat. [f. L. 
expiat- ppl. stem of exfidre to make satisfaction, 
f. ex- (see Ex- pref.1) +pidre to seek to appease 
(by sacrifice), f. pzzs mig 

+1. trans. To avert (evil) by religious cere- 
monies ; to avert the evil portended by (a prodigy 
or prophecy). Odés. exc. Antig. 

161r Biste /sa. xlvii. rr Mischiefe shall fall vpon thee, 
thou shalt not be able to put it off [sarg. expiate]. 1652 
Brome Yoviall Crew 1. Wks. 1873 I]. 381 You bring him a 
perpetual Peace and Joy By expiating the Prophecy that 
— hint 1865 Dyer Hist. City Rome u. (1883) 114 

OL. ° 


433 


Frequent showers of stones .. could .. be expiated only by 
bringing to Rome Cybele, or the Idzan mother. 

+2. To cleanse, purify (a person, a city) from 
guilt or pollution by religious ceremonies. Occas. 
Const. of. Obs. 

1003 FLorio Montaigne (1634) 292 Iphigenia .. should by 
her death. .expiate, towards God, the Grecians armie of the 
offences which they had committed. 1618 Botton Florus 1. 
xiii. (1636) 41 That the city..might..seeme to have been.. 
hallowed and expiated. 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 262 The 
Elzans condemned the Oxe for the murder, and .. were 
admonished by the Delphick Oracle to expiate the oxe. 
1655-60 Stantey Hist, Philos. (1701) 57/2 He Lustrated 
and Expiated the City. 

8. To do away or extinguish the guilt of (one’s 
sin) ; to offer or serve as a propitiation for. + Zo 
expiate oneself (rare): to do penance. 

1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues § V. 1. 89 No repentance 
can expiate that [sin]. 1634 Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 134 
Once dead, his sin Man cannot expiate with teares. 1673 
Marve. Reh, Transp. Il. 379 J. M. .. has ever since ex- 
piated himself in a retired silence. 171x ADDISON Sfecé. 
No. 99 ® 7 An Affront that nothing but Blood can expiate. 
1736 Butter Anal, u. v. Wks. 1874 I. 213 Repentance alone 
being sufficient to expiate guilt, appears to be contrary to 
the general sense of mankind. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xxxii. 
(1849) IV. 279 The Agyllzans were still expiating the sin bya 
periodical solemnity. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. ix. 
(1880) 154 By a them, he flattered himself that he 
was expiating his own sins. 

4. To pay the penalty of. 

1665 Maney Grotius’ Low C. Warres 691 These Pirats.. 
expiated their inhumane Villanies with their heads. 1823 
Lams Eéia Ser. 1. xxiii. (1865) 179 The child and parent .. 
expiating their fallen condition upon .. [a] shopboard. 1848 
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 655 Some of the girls who had 
presented the standard to Monmouth at ‘Taunton had 
cruelly expiated their offence. 1875 Srupps Const. Hist. I. 
iii. 43 He has to expiate the act with his life. 

5. To make amends or reparation for. 

a 1626 Bacon Speech in Rem. (1679) 132 Such .. Felons, 
who..shall implore His Majesty’s.. Permission to expiate 
their Offences by their Assiduous Labours. 1774 PENNANT 
Tour Scot. in 1772, 209 [They] expiated their crime by 
restoring the plunder. 1856 Emerson Eng. 7raits, Result 
Wks. (Bohn) IT. 135 They are expiating the wrongs of India 
by benefits. 

+6. zntr. To make expiation for. Ods. 

1600 Hottanp Livy 1. 1. xiv. ro To expiate for the injuries 
of the Embassadours. 1681-6 J. Scorr Ch». Life (1747) 
III. 590 My Mediation, which was..to expiate for you as 
a Priest. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes iv. 165 He gave.. 
Tithes..to expiate for the Death of Ethelbert. 1778 Ediza 
Warwick 11. 131, I trust this will expiate for all my offences 
towards her. 1827 Soutuey Hist. Persian War II. 692 
His success in sieges did not expiate.. for the loss in 
men. 

+7. To extinguish (a person’s rage) by suffering 
it to the full; to end (one’s sorrows, a suffering 
life) by death. Ods. 

1594 Martowe & Nasue Dido v. ii, Cursed Iarbas, die to 
expiate The grief that tires upon thine inward soul! 1594 
(see Expiate ZA. a.]. ¢ 1600 SHaxs. Sonn. xxii, Then look 
I death my daies should expiate. 1610 Torte Honours 
Acad, 39 Nothing could appease and expiat his cankred 
rage. 1615 T. Apams Lycanthropy 29 Somewhat to expiate 
their savage fury. 

Hence Evxpiated, E-xpiating ///. adjs., E’x- 
piatist = ExPraTor. 

1840 G.S. Faser Regeneration 38 A light from above had 
infused itself into my expiated .. bosom. 1793 PENNANT 
London (1813) 270 Lying within their [friaries’] expiating 
walls, @ 1848 R. W. Hamitton (Ogilvie) Zxpiatist. 

Expiation (ekspijéi-fon). [ad. L. expration-em, 
n. of action f. expzdre to EXPIATE.] 

1. The action of expiating or making atonement 
for (crime, etc.). L expiation (of): for the pur- 
pose of expiating. Zo make expiation: to atone. 
Also, the condition or state of being expiated. 

1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.)68 The recompensacyon and 
expyacyon of the grete and longe schrewdenes and cursyd- 
nes. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's [nst. 1. 146 The sacrifice of 
expiation is that which tendeth to appease the wrath of God. 
r6xx Speen Theat. Gt. Brit. (1614) 141/2 The Abbey.. at 
Dublin, builded..in expiation of the murther of Thomas 
Archbishop of Canterbury. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) 

I. ror He made Expiation for our Sins on the Cross. 1 
Burke Regic. Peace iti. Wks. VIII. 297 Modes of expiation 
..devised by anxious, restless guilt. 1828 Scorr /. J/. 
Perth xx, 1 will found masses for his soul, in expiation of 
my guilt. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. IV. 1. xii. 156 A more 
complete expiation. a be necessary before the avenging 
spirit..could be pacified. 

b. Fast (or feast) of Expiation: a ceremony ob- 
served by the “Rok on the roth day of Tisri, at 
which the High Priest made expiation for his own 
sins and the sins of the people. Day of Expia- 
tion: the day set apart for this observance ; = 
‘Day of Atonement’. Also Zxfpiation-day. 

1674 BLount Glossogr., The Feast of Expiation. a 1711 
Ken Hymns Festiv. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 317 God no Com- 
mand for Fasts wou’d lay, But on their [Jews’] Expiation- 
Day. @1713 SHarp Serm. Matt. xii. Wks. 1754 IIL. xi. 201 
The solemn day of expiation, which came once a year. 1886 
Whitaker's Almanack 9 | Fewish Calendar), Oct. 9 Fast of 
Expiation 5647 Tisri 10. 2 

ce. The action of ceremonially purifying from 
guilt or pollution. 

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 376/t The ceremonies 
of the expiacion or purgyng of thetabernacle. 165r BaxTER 
es Bapt. 264 The Gentiles had Rites for the expiation of 

nfants, 


EXPIRANT. 


d. The action of averting portended evil by 
religious means. 

1734 tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist, (1827) 1X. xx. i. 6 By expiation 
of prodigies and various sacrifices offered to the gods. 

+e. Propitiation (of a deity). Obs. rare—}, 

1675 R. Burtuocce Causa Dei 383 That conformity of 
Customs that the Gauls had with them [the Phoenicians] in 
sacrificing men for expiation of God. 

2. The means by which atonement (for a crime 
or offence) is made; something done, or a rite 
observed, for the purpose of expiating. 

1538 Bare Thre Lawes 832 Offerynges & expiacyons. 1646 
Sir T, Browne Psend. Ep, vu. i. 339 Some have conceived it 
(Forbidden fruit] a Vine, in the mystery of whose fruit lay 
the expiation of the Transgression. 1777 Robertson //is?. 
Amer. II. v. 30 To demand a certain number of human vic- 
tims as an expiation for their guilt. 1828 Scott /. MW. Perth 
vi, The only expiation would be that thou shouldst come a 
mile into the Low Country. 1856 Froupr Hist. Eng. (1858) 
I. iv. 348 The payment of money was ever welcomed as 
the ready expiation of crime. 4 

b. A rite intended to avert portended evil. 

@ 1627 Sir J. Haywarn K. Edw. VJ (1630) 167 Vpon birth 
of such monsters, the Grecians..did vse diuerse sorts of ex- 
piations, 

Hence Expia‘tional a., pertaining to expiation. 

1874 BusuxeLt Forgiveness § Law gt The most intensely 
explational form of christianity. 

Expiative (ekspijitiv), @ rave. [f. expiat- 
ppl. stem of expzdre to EXPIATE+-IVE.] Tending 
or adapted to expiate. 

1 R. Bartire Parallel of Lit. with Mass-bk. 92 An ex- 
piative Purgatorie wherein by the prayers of the living the 
sinnes of the dead are put away. 

Expiator (ekspijeitor). [a. L. expidtor, f. ex- 
piare: see Exprate.] One who expiates or makes 
satisfaction (for sin). 

1847 in Craic. 1872 J. G. Murpuy Comm. Lev. iii. 17 To 
.. foreshadow the death of the great Expiator. 1878 B. 
Taytor Deukalion u. iii, They .. made me your Expiator. 

+ Expiato‘rious, @. Ods. rare—'. [f. L. ex- 
piatori-us (see next) + -oUS.] = next. 

1651 ae ‘TayLor Clerus Dom. 48 The first grace, which 
in the Schools is understood onely to be expiatorious. 

Expiatory (ekspiateri), a. [ad. L. expiatori- 
us, f. expiator: see EXPIATOR and -ory.] Having 
the attribute of expiating or making satisfaction 
for an offence ; serving to expiate. Const. of. 

1548 Latimer Serve. Plough Wks. 1. 68 Expiatory . 
nothing else but a thing whereby to obtain remission of sins. 
1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 62 He hath patiently en- 
dured a while the first expiatorie purifications and troubles. 
21677 Barrow Seri. Matt. i. 20'The sacrifice expiatory for 
our offences was to be a lamb without blemish. 1793 Govv. 
Morris in Sparks Life § Writ. (1832) 11. 355 The first great 
misfortune will call them from their dungeons as expiatory 
victims. 1812 Cocan Theol. Disquisitions u. 183 Human 
sacrifices. .being the most valuable. .were considered as the 
most expiatory. 1869 GouLsurn Purs. Holiness xi. 105 
That bloody and shameful death was. .expiatory of sin. 

Hence E’xpiato:riness. 

1730-6 Baivey (folio), Exfiatoriness, expiating quality. 
t E-xpilate, v. Obs. rare—', [f. L. expilat- 
ppl. stem of expilare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref1)+ 
pilare to plunder.] ¢vans. To pillage, plunder. 

1627 Br. Hatt Serm. Chapel Earl Exeter Wks. 526 What 
peace was vnder the Herodian temple?.. Pilate would ex- 
pilate the treasures of it for aguxe ductz. 

Expilation (ekspiléi-fan). Now rare. [ad. L. 
expilation-em, n. of action f. expilare : see prec.] 

1. The action of pillaging ; spoliation, plunder. 

1563 Grinpat Let, Sir W. Cecil Wks. (1843) 257, Take 
order. .not to leave the poor tenants subject to the expilation 
of these country gentlemen. 1597 Daniex Civ. Wares i. 
cxiv, Whence .. proceeds This rav’nous expilation of the 
state. @1661 FULLER Worthies, Sussex 1. 104 He was loth 
to go back to Bath, having formerly consented to the ex- 
pilation of that Bishoprick. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince 
xxvi. (Rtldg. 1883) 159 Taxes and expilations in the kingdom 
of Naples. 1885 R. W. Dixon Hist, Ch. Eng. xxi. I11. 536 
This final expilation .. avenged upon the son the sacrilege 
of the father. : E 

b. concr. A collection made by plundering. 

1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. Pref. 51 A compleat Col- 
lection or Expilation of all the tart Reparties . . out of all 
the Play-Books that ever were printed in England. 

+2. Civil Law. (See quot.) Obs. 

1730-6 in Batey (folio). 1751 Cuampers Cycl., Expila- 
tion, in the civil law, the act of withdrawing, or diverting, 
something belonging to an inheritance, before any body had 
declared himself heir thereof. 1848 in WHarTon Law Lex. 

+Evxpilator. Ods. rare. [a. L. expilitor, f. 
expilare: see EXPILATE.] 

1. A pillager, plunderer. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. §& Gard. Cyrus 15 For which 
the most barbarous Expilators found the most civil Rheto- 
rick. 

2. Civil Law. One who commits an act of ex- 
pilation (see EXPILATION 2). 

1753 CHambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., An expilator was looked 
upon as a greater criminal than a common thief. 

Expirable (ekspoirab’l), @.—°. [f. Exprre z. 
+-ABLE.] That may expire or come to an end. 

1832 in WEBSTER ; and in mod. Dicts. 

Expirant (ekspoirint). are. In 9 erron. 
expirent. [ad. L. ex(s)pirant-em, pr. pple. of 
ex(s)pirare: see EXPIRE.] a. (See quot. 1846.) 
b. nonce-wd. A name for a supposed vessel in 

55 


is. 


EXPIRATE. 


plants, which assists in evaporation or perspira- 
tion. 


I. Tavton Phys. Th. Another Life (18 The 
Mectedl empeinen ef pre gd. cli 


+E te, v. Obs. rare. [f. ppl. stem of L. 

ex(s\pirare: see EXPIRE v.) ¢rans. = EXPIRE v. I. 

1615 Crooxe Body of Max 421 It is better expirated or 

breathed out then water. 1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 7 
Aire breathed in is not again expirated or out, 

iration (ekspiréifon). Also 7 exsp-. 

[ad. L. ex(s)pirdtion-em, n. of action f. ex(s)pi- 
rare to Expirg.] The action of expiring. 

1. The action of breathing out (air, etc.); emission 
(of air, wind, etc.) ; an instance of this. Const. of. 

1642 P: vative for Fast 4 This tends to the — ex- 
piration the animall and vitall spirits. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. 1. 613 Regular inspirations and expirations of 
air, by caverns and fissures. 1874 T. Harpy Madding 
Crowd I. vi. 80 There came finally an utter expiration of 
air from the whole heaven in the form of a slow breeze. 

. 1839 Baiey Festus xxix. (1848) 340 Prayer is..The 
expiration of the thing inspired. 
+b. = RESPIRATION. Ods. 

1638 Witxixs New World 1. xiv. (1684) 180 The extream 
thinness of it [air]..may make it unfit for Expiration. 

2. The action, or an act, of breathing out air from 
the lungs; also applied to a supposed analogous 
action in plants. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 689 (R.) It [the breast] 
transmitteth back againe the superfluity thereof into the 
lungs, whereby it (the wind] is sent forth by way of exspira- 
tion. 1624 Hrywoop Gunaik. 1v. 189 In her last expiration 
expressing the invincible spirit of her son Alexander. 1 
Beppors Let. to Darwin 44 Having by a strong expiration 
expelled from his lungs as much atmospheric air as possi- 
ble. 1807 J. E. Suir Phys. Bot. 202 He is recorded as the 
discoverer of the expiration of plants. 1861 RAMADGE 
Curab. Consumption 36 The impeded expiration. .caused 
. the lower lobes of the lungs to be exceedingly enlarged. 

+3. The action of exhaling or evaporating ; ex- 
halation. Ods. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 866 The true Cause of Cold, is an 
Expiration from the Globe of the Earth. 1643 J. STeer tr. 
Fabricius’ Exp. Chyrurg. xvi. 66 They doe Finder the ex- 
piration of the venome. c 1645 Howe tt Left. 1V. 1, By the 
expiration of such Atomes, the dogg finds the sent as he 
hunts. 175§ in JoHNSON. 1847 in Cratc. 

+b. concr. That which is expired or exhaled ; 
an exhalation. Obs. 

1576 Newton tr, Lemnie’s Complex. (1633) 13 The spirit 
is a certaine ig sean expiration proceeding out of the 
humours. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. ui. 154 The Magneti- 
cal Exspirations of the Loadstone may. .be seen in the form 
of a mist. 1667 Pil. Trans. II. 579 The moist steams 
and exspirations of the Heart. 1755 in JoHNSoN. 

+4. The action of breathing one’s last ; death, 
decease. Ods. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 210 Yf [he] had taken 
his body to lyfe agayn, streyght after his expiracyon. cox 4 
Torse.. Fours. Beasts (1673) 450 She lyeth down as thoug! 
she were dead .. shutting her eyes, and shewing all other 
tokens of expiration, 1647 CLareNpon //7st. Reb. 1. (1702) 
1.41 The Lord Treasurer. .had notice of the Clark's expira- 
tion. 1779-81 Jounson ZL. P., Pope Wks. IV. 87 The at- 
tendants did not discern the exact time of his expiration, 
1807 G. CHatmers Caledonia 1. ut. vii. 383 He died, by a 
quiet expiration, at his castle of Dunadeer. 1847 in Craic; 
and in mod. Dicts. : 

+b. ¢ransf. and fg. Of a flame, a sentiment, 
etc.: The fact or process of dying out; the state 
of being extinct. Ods. 

1 er. Taytor Gt. Exemp. iii. § 1 A very great cause 
ame os and expiration Gee devotion. 1660 Boyer 
New Exp. Phys. Mech. xiii. 85 To satisfie our selves of its 
expiration, we had darken’d the Room, and in vain endea- 
vored to discover any spark of Fire. 

5. The fact of coming to an end; termination, 
end, close: a. of a period of time, or of something 
made to last a certain time, as a law, truce, etc. 

1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 15 § 1 Sithence the Expiration and 
Ending of the Statute. Suaks. Rich. LI, u. iii. 111 
Thou .. art come Before th’expiration of thy time. 1647 
Crarenpon //ist, Red, vit. (1843) EF da A fortnight after the 
expiration of the treaty at Ux e, veLYN Kal. 
Hort. (1729) 197 About the Expiration of this Month carry 
into the Shade. .Auriculas’s. 1790 Pacey Hore Paul. Rom. 
ii. 19 The shaving of the denoted the expiration of 
the Nazaritic vow. 1841 Lane Arad. Nts. 1. 110 And thus 
she continued to do. . until the expiration of the second year. 
1862 Merivate Rom. Enip. (1871) V. xiii. 148 The govern- 
ment of the Gaulish provinces .. followed on the expiration 
of his functions in the city. 

+ b. of a race, the world. Ods. 

1677 Piotr Oxfordsh. 181 After the expiration of which 
ancient Race, there came. .another Colony [of bees]. 1684 
T. Burnet 7%. Zarth 11. 32 What hath appear’d. . relatin, 
to the chronology of the world; giving .. certain marks o' 
its expiration. 

tor (e'kspireitaz). [agent-n. f. L. ex- 
(s)pirare to Exrtre.] An instrument for forcing 
out air. 

1875 Ure Dict. Arts s.v. Aspirator, The bare form of 
spirator..may be employed either as aspirator in drawing, 
or_as expirator in forcing air through an apparatus. 
(ekspaieratori), a. [f, Lat. type 
*ex(s)piratorius, f.ex(s\pirare: see EXPIRE v, and 
-oryY.] Of or pertaining to the process of expiration. 

1847 in Craic. 1861 T. Granam Pract. Med. 294 The 


434 
pinnate murmur) is. .distinctly audible under the clavi. 
a ur) ly acyeca 


uxLey Phys. iv. (1872) 90 Wh a 
effort is made, the walls of the ort are ob- 
viously flattened. 1878 Foster —_ u. ii, § 1. They 
wT Gram. (Ofen apelt exapiraiery) to Repl 
. Gram. t exspiratory. (pi- 
ratory accent, a kind of accent consisting in vari- 
ation of stress, as ingui from that which 
consists in variation of pitch. 
Expire (ekspaie1), v. Also 5 expyre, -spyre, 
| exspire, (6 expiere, -perie, 7 expayer). 
. Fr. expirer, ad. L. ex(s)pirare to breathe out, 
. ex- Out + spirare to breathe.] 
I. To breathe out. : ‘ 

1. trans. To breathe out (air, etc.) from t 
lungs ; also with forth. 

1590 Spenser F. 2. 1. xi. 45 The scorching fire, Which he 
from hellish entrailes did expire. ow . Danter Trin- 
arch., Rich. IT, ccxcviii, Wee yawne. .the same Ayre whi 
wee expired erst. 1695 Woopwarp Nat, Hist. Earth w. 
(1723) 236 The Fluid, which is .. expired forth along with 
the Air, F op off in insensible Parcels. 1715-20 Porr /liad 
vt. 223 Her pitchy nostrils flaky flames expire. 1859 Lewes 
Sea-side Stud. 234 In the daytime we expire more carbonic 
acid than during the night. 1866 Huxtey Pays. iv. (1872) 
82 The breath. .afterwards is driven out or expired. 

b. adsol. To breathe out air from the lungs. 

1633 P. Frercner Purfle Isi.1v. xi, Loose when he sucks 
in aire, contract when he expires. [see Exprrinc vb/. 
sb.). 1851 Gosse Nat. in ¥amaica 4 [The Whales] expired 
witha rushing sound, the instant the isechiole was exposed. 

+2. To give off (a perfume, vapour, etc.) ; to 
exhale, emit. Of a volcano: To emit, eject 
(flames, rarely solid substances). Also, To give 
out under pressure. Ods. 

1603 Drayton Odes 1. 4 Where Altars .. Doe od’rous 

Fumes expire. 1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 29 It 
(the Earth] purges it self by expiring those Arsenical fumes. 
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 205 And force the Veins of 
clashing Flints t’expire The lurking Seeds of their Coelestial 
Fire. 7 C. Pitt Paraphr. Ps. cxliv, The lab’ring hills 
expire Thick clouds of smoke and deluges of fire. 
1.636 What Rocks did Atna’s bellowing Mouth expire from 
his torn entrails. 1762 Cuurcnitt Ghost u. Poems I, 205 
Ev'ry shrub expires perfume. 1808 J. Bartow Columb. v. 
484 Lighted bombs that fusing trails exspire. 

absol, 1626 Bacon Sylva § 294 Heat drieth Bodies that 
do easily expire ; as Parchment, Leaves [etc.]. 

+3. intr. To pass out in, or like, breath; to be 
breathed forth or exhaled; hence of the winds, 
flame, a projectile: To rush forth. Cf. L. expirent 
ignes, Lucr. VI. 640. Ods. 

1626 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xv. 312 Furious winds. .Pent 
in blind cauernes, strugling to expire. 1654 Eart Orrery 
Parthen. (1676) 563 Tell my Princess .. = expir'd 
in repeating the fair name of her [etc.]. 1666 DrypEN Ann. 
Mirab, clxxxviii, The linstocks touch, the ponderous ball 
expires. 1684 R. H. Sch. Recreat. 32 When the Rocket 


in the Air like Stars. 1697 RYDEN Virg. a 1. 129 
Redundant Humours thro’ the Pores expire. /bid. 1v. 254 
Huge Flakes of Flames expire. 1729 Savace Wanderer 1. 
234 Thro’ the bor’d rock above, the smoke expires. 

II. To breathe one’s last breath, die. 

+4. trans. To breathe out (the soul, etc.) in the 
article of death; also, 70 expire one’s last. Obs. 

[Only a special use of sense 1; but the starting-point of a 
distinct series of senses.} 

cu Mirour Saluacioun 3287 On gude ffriday when 
crist his sawle on crosse ereued C14 Cacren Jason 84 b, 
Syn recommanded him to the Goddes and that don ex- 

ired his lyf. 1509 Barctay Shyp 4 a 58 b, Medas.. 

ith paynfull hunger his lyfe Tret dyd expyre. a1612 
Donne Bradavaros (1644) 122 A youth. .ready to expire his 
soule by sickenesse. 1642 Jer. Taytor /fisc. (1647) 128 
As soon as their Apostle had expired his last breath. a1671 
Lp. Fatrrax Mem. (1699) 56 My daughter .. whe serge 
was ready to expire her last. 1725-20 Pore //iad xvi. 1000 
Patroclus thus..So many lives effused, expires his own. 

5. intr. Of a person or animal; To breathe one’s 
last ; to die. 

a 1400 Cov. Myst., Assump. (Shaks. Soc.) 387 The thrydde 
“y hens ye schul ben expirand. 1485 Caxton St. Wene/r. 
3 The yong man forthwith fyll down to therthe and ex- 
spyred. 1651 Hoses Leviath. ww. xliv. 344 God Lee f knows 
..What becomes of a mans spirit, wien ke expireth, 

R. Fatconer Adv. § Escapes 83 When he found himse 
just upon the Point of expiring, he made this short Prayer. 
1741 tr. D’Argens’ Chinese Lett. 209 bh | .. Stand round 
making respectful Bows to Lewy Nanay Sheep] till they 
are expired. 1839 Keicutiey //ist. Eng. U1. 74 King 
pressed his hand and expired. 1843 Mrs. Cartyte Ze??. I, 
arg Lenving my two gentlemen ly to Le of ter, 

. transf, in various nonce-uses, Also of a fire: 
To die out. 

¢1593 Spenser Sonn, xxvii. 11 (1611) Dj, This verse, that 
Euen this ill 


soule getative vertue of that 
tree expires. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. 
religion..was to expire into the Christian. 
Ann, Mi: cexii, don..By an high fate thou Featly 
didst expire. 1769 O. pear van Hist. t 
was .. reading by a t xe ing. 
Loner. Zu, Ti. 113 The pasts exp i ashen 

6. To come to an end: a. Of a period of time: 
To reach its close; to terminate, end; rarely, to 
elapse, pass, Sometimes —_ ted with de. 

Ricnarp Dx. or York in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 40 1. 

126 And that yere expired to geve my said ery 
licence to retourne. 1494 Fanyan Chron, vi. cci. 210 From 


ct vale | Palmeto .. is a soft pith in which 
d ve; 


Lbid. | 


expires, they take Fire and spread into a Flame, hovering | expyre thy -— Suaxs. Rom. § Ful. 1. iv. 109 — 


| 1504 asHe Unfort. Trav. 6 If 1 woulde expire t 
his vns i 


EXPIREE. 

Saas Ppmek Deere .1 to the Sat TREES Capet 

yred or cc.xxxix. yeres. cxgoo Me, 317 
After your lyf naturel » no man shal.. your 
land. ong Cutan MEL ae Jose nad time Is now 
expired .. repent and belev y* 1. Suaxs. Per, 
ut. iv. 14 Until your date #7053 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s 
Zieap. xxix. 115 The adam abetinence thing mipieed. 
lots were cast. 31812 Sourney Left. (1856) II. 278 Lord 
etoe- hes lt toe Gee eae wees 
ee re te ring 
which it was directed to accumulate, should expire. 1865 
Trottore Belton Est. xi. 118 Till the next session of Parlia- 
SOR ans bare seartr expined. 

P Spenser's use in the following quot. seems to be a forced 
extension of sense, 


b. Of a condition (in a bond or the like), a 
law, patent, truce, etc. appointed for a limited 
time : To become void through lapse of time; to 
reach its term ; to determine. 


yeares, which expired in 
Patey Hore Paul. Rom. ii. 43 St. Paul's 
before he set forward pon ‘els v 
1804 Eart Lauperp. Publ. Wealth (1819) 162 When the 
patent expires. 1817 W. Sewn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11. 
668 A notice expiring that day of the year. 1855 Macav- 
Lay Hist. Eng. 1V.540 To in what y 
were about to expire. 
ce. Of an action, state, legal title, etc.: To 
cease, come to an end, die out, become extinct. 
c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4479 Pe paynyms pride it sall’ 
expire. ¢ 1600 Suaxs. Sonn. oe ey my mind, when 
boddies work’s expired. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 
A When this dignity was exspired in this family. 1659 B. 
ome Parivals Iron Age 22% kag War, which had lasted 
almost ninety years. .expired in the ing time, 1648. I 
Marvett Corr. Wks. 1872-5 IL. 388 er Peere _— 
able to get in its report ; so that matter is expired. 1714-4 
Pore Rafe Lock wm. 15 Amazed, confused, he found his power 
expired. 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs India Wks. 1842 II. 28 
‘This trade .. was now itself expiring in the hands of the 
company. 1888 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 11. 266 An estate tail 
..expires whenever there is a failure of issue inheritable to 
it. /bid. 111. 373 The title of the daughters aes on the 
birth of the son, Br. Turtwat in Philol. Mus. 11. 522 
The death of Ajax, with which, according to modern notions, 
the interest expires. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch, (1858) 1. 
ii. 77 note, The extensive authority .. was meant to expire. 
+d. Of food: To be consumed, exhausted, or 
spent. Obs. rare—*. 
a 1533 Lp. Berners H/von cix. 375 Or xv. dayes were 
passyd, 
+7. 


all theyr vytayles were expyred. 
trans. To cause to expire or cease; to bring 
to an end, conclude; to put an end to. Odés. 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 77 To swill the drinke that will 
uence .. S 


con: expire the tearme Of a des; 


ble tormenting vneertaintie. 1610 SeLpEN 

Duello iv. 15 Death was vmpire by expiring the best spirit 

of the one. 1612 ‘I. Taytor Comm. Titus i, 10 sedu- 

cers... will not haue it [circumcision] dated, when the Lord 
hath expired it. i 

+b. To cause (time) to pass; to spend. xave—'. 

1589 Nasue in Greene Jf Ded. (Arb.) 11 Those 
yeares, which shoulde bee employed in Aristotle, are expired 
in Epitomes, 

+ Expire, sd. Ods. rare. [f. prec. vb.] = Ex- 
PIRATION, Exprry. 

1612 Sytvester Lacrymae Lacrym. 168 But, day b: q 
vntill our last expire .. Prostrate our Soules .. Wena the 
Footstool of th’ Empyreall Chaire. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud, Ep. vu. ix. 357 Having seen the expire of Daniels 
prediction . he [John] accomplished his Revelation. 

(ekspaied), ppd. a. [f. ExprRe v. + 
-ED1,] In senses of the verb. 

: G Frosted, ont, Neg from she lungs, ete. 

. Hutton Philos, Light, etc. 301 Heat. .expended.. 
ax hides wee egal at e 1833 Sin C. Bett 


‘ i is. required a certa 
Pascal fe 7 ee Feoran Piya. t (1879) 307 The 
temperature pired air is variable. 

2. Of a person or animal: That has breathed 


the last breath, dead. Of a fire: Extinct. Of a 
law: That has reached its term; obsolete. Of 


1647) 71 A Law in time, 
though it hath lost his vigor and force, yet i 
tuous man deceased. 1631 Hevwoop Eng. Elis. (1641) 184 
‘The bones of those which had been since . 1647 
Beaum. & Fletcher's Wks. Ded. E) then expired sweet 
Swan of Avon Shakespeare. 1648 H. G. tr, Ba/sac’s Prince 
and Majestie of the expired Common- 


iod of ages hath not yet brought that fatal day. vin 
Brian] Harv. Home iis Soon or late, We ee 
in Lifes expired date. 1823 Lams £7ia Ser. 1, ca 170 
The expired. .kitchen fires. 1875 Lyet. Princ. Geo?. 11. mt. 
xliv. 515 In recently expired animals, 
(ekspoie:r7*), [f. EXPrre v. + -EB ; after 
One whose term of 
punishment has expired ; an ex-convict. 
1802 Bentuam Js. (1843) x1. 123 As to returns to 
land, the idea of preventing them on the part of - 1S 
Cod axa 
’s Land. 1863 Lond. Rev. 3 Jan. 4/2 Sir 
Walter Crofton. .traces every expiree where 3 can. 1884 


EXPIREMENT. 


Pall Mail G. 21 Oct. 1/9 Convicts in New Caledonia, who 
may be expected to overflow into Victoria either as fugitives 
or expirees. i 

+ i'rement. Ods. rare. [a. OF. expire- 
ment, f. expirer to EXPIRE.] = EXPIRATION 5 a. 

1526 in Househ. Ord. (1790) 212 The two Masters of the 
household. .shall not depart from thence after the expire- 
ment of the said time. /éid. 220 Within three dayes of th’ 
expirement of every Moneth. 

xpirent: see Exprranr. 

Expirer (ekspoierez), [f. Exrrre v. + -rr 1] 
a. One who expires. b. = EXPIREE. 

1793 J. Beresrorp in Looker-om (1794) I11. No. 79. 257 


The personal property of the abrupt expirer. 1862 Lond. 
Rev. 30 Aug. 179 The atrocities of this year would be com- 
mitted by a different batch of ruffians, by the expirers of 


1862 instead of by the ticket-of-leave men of 1861. 

Exp: (ekspoie'rin), v7. sb. [f. as prec. + 
-Inc!.] The action of the vb. Expire in its 
various senses. 

1612 R, SHELDon Ser. St. Martin's 26 From the day of 
his circumcision..vntill the apertion of his side, after his 
expiring. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 69 The Expiring of cold out 
of the Inward Parts of the Earth in Winter. 1639 Dk. 
Hamicton in //. Pagers (Camden) 80 The day befor the ex- 
payering of the 8 gevene in your Matis last proclamatione. 
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr.u. vi. § 5 At the expiring of the 
LXX. years. 

b. attrib, 

1661 Watton Angier (ed. 3) 1. i. g If the inspiring and 
expiring Organ of any animal be stopt, it suddenly dies. 
1665 Boyte Occas. Refi., The opportunity ’tis hop’d an ex- 
piring State may give Men for Repentance. 

Expiring (ekspairin), pf/. a. [f. as prec. + 
-InG%.] That expires (in senses of verb). 

1. That breathes out air from the lungs, etc. 


2. Of a person or animal: That is in the act of | 


breathing his or its last; dying; often applied 
metonymically (like ‘ dying’) to the breath, words, 
etc. of a person expiring. Of a flame, etc.: That 
is dying out, becoming extinguished. 

1634 Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 104 My name .. even thy 
expiring breath Did call upon. 1683 T. Hoy Agathocles 3 
Left in danger of th’ expireing Light. 1746-7 Hervey 
Medit. (1818) 194 The last accents which quiver on your 
pale, expiring lips. 31822 Br. Heper in Lf. Taylor's Wks. 
(1839) I. cxxxv, A few expiring lamentations. . were to expiate 
for many years of obstinate transgression. 1838 Dickens 
Nich. Nick. viii, An expiring candle shone before his eyes. 
1870 Disrartt Lothair xxvili. 121 It frantically moved its 
expiring wings. 

he 1660 Mitton Free Comm. 453 The last words of our 
expiring liberty. 1696 Tate & Brapy Ps. cxiii. 9 To rescue 
their exspiring Fame. 1776 Gipson Decé. §& F. I, 328 The 
expiring senate. . blazed for a moment, and was extinguished 
for ever. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iii. § 20.87 Like bubbles 
in expiring foam. 1862 Stantey Few. Ch. (1877) I. viii. 154 
It was the last expiring effort of the old traditions. 

3. Of a period of time: That comes to an end ; 
that is in the act of coming to an end. 

1609 Tournrur Fun. Poem 14 Nor can Death or Fate 
Confine his fame to an expiring date. 1665 J. Spencer 
Prophecies 112 The last daies, being the expiring times of 
the Jewish Oeconomie. 1705 J. Locan in Pa. Hist. Soc. 
Mem. X. 46 The expiring year will by that time show what 
has been done. 1823 Byron Age of Bronze xiv, The impa- 
tient hope of the expiring lease. _— ; : 

Hence Expi'ringly adv., like a thing expiring ; 
as if dying away. 

1835 New Monthly Mag. XLIII. 167 The tones were so 
expiringly soft and low. 

xpiry (ekspaicri). [f. Expire v. + -Y.] 

1. Dying, death ; = Expiration 4. Also fig. of 
an immaterial thing: Destruction, extinction. rave. 

c1790 Burns Let. to Grose Wks. 1856 III. 152 About the 
time nature puts on her sables to mourn the expiry of the 
cheerful day. 1803 W. Taytor in Azn. Rev. I. 260 Ancient 
history ought. .not to cease with the expiry of the Roman 
empire. 1855 Baitey AZystic 131 But, on expiry, the rebel- 
lious soul Shall other bodies enter. 1864 Pusey Danied ii. 
62 Men had witnessed. .the inherent vitality of the Gospel. 
They predicted the date of its expiry. 

2. Close, termination, end; = EXPIRATION 5. 

a. of a period of time. 

1752 J. Loutntan Form of Process (ed. 2) 272 No Decreet 
shal be extracted till after the Expiry of six free Days. 
1862 Suites Engineers II. 108 A lease .. renewable at the 
expiry of that term. 1878 BLack Green Past, xxxii. 254 At 
the expiry of her year of banishment. oigtey 

b. of anything that lasts a certain time, as a 
contract, truce, etc. axfpiry of the Legal (see 
quot. 1861). 

1807 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. V. 562 [He] left the situa- 
tion. . before the expiry of his indentures. 1828-40 TyTLeR 
Hist. Scot. (1864) 1. 227 The truce was now within a single 

ear of its expiry. a@1847 Cuatmers Posth. Wks. 1. 100 
Previous to the expiry of the famine. 1861 W. Bett Dict. 
Law Scot.s.v., Expiry of the Legal: is the expiration of 
the period within w! id the subject of an adjudication may 
be redeemed, on payment of the debt adjudged for. 1863 
Sites Judust, Biog. 218 On the expiry of this contract 
the Government determined to establish works of their own. 
1868 Rocers in Adam Smith's W. N. Pref. 1. 9 He returned 
[to Scotland] at the expiry of his exhibition [at Oxford). 

Expiscate (ekspi'skeit), v. [f. L. expisedt-, ppl. 
stem of expiscari, f. ex- out + piscaré to fish, 
f. piscis fish.] trans. To ‘fish out’; hence, to 
find out by scrutiny. Occas. with sentence as 


object. . 
Chiefly in Sc. writers ; elsewhere usually humorously, with 
distinct reference to the etymology. 


435 


cx61x CuarMan /diad x. 181 O friends, remains not one 
That will..mix ..With their outguards, expiscating if the 
renown’d extreme They force on us will serve their turns? 
1721 Woprow “ist. Suf7. Ch. Scot. ut. vii. § 3 This Method 
was fallen upon to expiscate Matter of Criminal Process. 
1830 Gatt Lawrie 7. 11. xii, I just propounded the project 
that I might expiscate some kind of satisfaction to my 
curiosity. 183 Witson in Blackw. Mag. No, 180 To 
Corresp., Should we observe any farther impertinence on 
his part, we shall expiscate it. 1848 H. Mitter First 
Impr,. xvii. (1857) 285 The evidence already expiscated 
on this point. 1864 D’Arcy W. THompson Day Dreams 
iv. (ed. 2) 38 Have they ever expiscated one intelligible 
reason ? 

¥ nonce-use. To exhaust of fish. 

1858 Sat. Rev. V. 569/1 Norway is nearly expiscated. 

Expiscation (ekspiskéifon). [as if ad. L. 
*expiscation-em, n. of action f. expiscari: see 
prec.] The action of expiscating or fishing out ; 
the investigation or examination of or 7xto (a 
matter). 

1605 CuarpMan Commend. Verses on B. Fonson’s Sejanus, 
‘The Castalian Head; In expiscation of whose Mysteries, 
Our Netts must still be clog’d with heauy Lead. 1753 Scots 
Mag. July 364/2 There should be the fullest expiscation 
into the truth or falsity of these deeds. 1874 R. H. Story 
W. Carstares 183 Busied in the expiscation of the various 
machinations. 

Expiscator (ekspi‘skeitar’. vare—'. [f. Ex- 
PISCATE v. + -OR.] One who expiscates ; an inves- 
tigator. Const. of. 

1882 J. Brown Yohn Leech 320 These mighty expiscators 
and exploders of myths. 

Expiscatory (ekspi‘skatori), @. rave. [as if 
ad. L. expiscdtort-us, f£. expiscari: see EXPISCATE 
and -ory.] Tending to expiscate or ‘ fish out ’. 

1829 Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 586, I was moved thereunto by 
an expiscatory curiosity. 1837 Cartyte Diam. Neck. Misc. 
(1888) V. 190 By..expiscatory questions. .this most involute 
of Lies is finally winded off. 

Explain (ekspléi-n), v. Forms: 6 explaine, 
6-7 explayne, 6-8 explane, 7- explain. [ad. L. 
explanare, {. ex- (see Ex- pref!) +fplan-us flat, 
Puan. Cf. OF. ex-, esplaner.] 

+1. To smooth out, make smooth, take out 
roughness from. Ods. 

1549 CHALoNeR tr. Evasm. Morie Enc. Bj, He must 
caulme and explane his forehead. 1650 Butwer Axthro- 
pomet, 9 Their faces are explained or flatted by art. 

+2. To open out, unfold, spread out flat (a 
material object). Also reff. and zx¢r. for ref. To 
explain (itself) into; to develop. Oés. 

1607 DELoney Strange Hist. 1. (Percy Soc.) 10 Her wit.. 
like a ship her selfe explaines. 1644 Butwer Chiron. 53 
The left hand explained into a Palme. EVELYN Sylva 
(1776) 231 Before they [buds] explain into leaves. 1684 — 
in Phil. Trans. XIV. 560 The Horse-Chesnut is .. ready 
to explain its leaf. 172 R. Braptry Iks. Nat. 46 In the 
Gourd .. a Seed .. coming to explain itself into a Plant of 
full Perfection, will spread its Vine in six months. /ézd. 
144 Beetles .. have .. Wings .. so disposed as to fold up or 
explain themselves at the Will of the Insect. 

+b. To make plainly visible; to display; also, 
To explain itself to be (something). Obs. 

1607 Rowranps Famous Hist. 71 That life she entertains 
.. And such severity therein explains. 1608 R. Jonson 
7 Champions u. P ivb, The darke night began .. to give 
Aurora libertie to explayne her purple brightnesse. 1647 
N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. wii. 105 England would .. ex- 
plain itself unto the World to be a regular Government. 

3. a. To unfold (a matter); to give details of, 
enter into details respecting. Occas. with indirect 
question as obj. 

1513 More Rich. J/7. Wks. 63/2 Other thinges, which the 
.. doctor rather signified then fully explaned. 1571 Dicces 
Pantom. ww. xxv. Ffivb, To explane the composition, 
fourme, nature, and proportion. 1729 Butter Sev. Pref. 
Wks. II. 9 The following Discourses .. were intended to 
explain what is meant by the nature of man. 1756 C, Lucas 
Ess. Waters I. Pref., I thought it just to explane the Medi- 
cinal Qualities. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. 1. 71 Does he 
explain the business of Ethics? JM¥od., You have not ex- 
plained how your results are obtained, 

absol. 1671 Mitton Savzsox 1583 Wearied with slaughter 
then, or how? explain. 1741 MippLeETon Cicero I. mi. 169 
A tongue that could explane. 

b. To make plain or intelligible; to clear of 
obscurity or difficulty. 

1552 Hutoet, Explayne, expdico. 1579 Futke Heskins’ 
Parl 34s He hath not explaved the manner of the mysterie. 
1651 Hopes Leviath. 1. xlyi. 378 The Power of Explain- 
ing them [Laws] when there is need. 1 GLanviLL £ss., 
Confidence in Philos. 6 How the pure Mind can receive 
information from things that are not like it self..is .. not 
to be explain’d. @ 1732 Gay (J.), You will have variety of 
commentators to explain the difficult passages to you. 1875 
Mannine Mission H. Ghost ii. 44 What the child cannot 
understand you explain. 1875 Jowerr Péa‘o (ed. 2) III. 
131 Allow me to explain my meaning. 

4. To assign a meaning to, state the meaning or 
import of; to interpret. 

1608 Suaks. Per. 1. ii. 14 Tis now your honour, daughter, 
to explain The labour of each knight, in his device. 1667 
Mutton P. Z. u. 518 The sounding Alchymie By Harald’s 
voice explain’d, 1692 Drypen St. Euremont’s Ess. 109 An 
innocent word maliciously explained. 1726 Cuztwoop Adv. 
Capt. R. Boyle 48 This he told Mirza in the Moorish 
Tongue, but —- it to me in English. 1744 BerxKe- 
Ley Siris § 221 To define fire by heat would be to explain a 
thing by itself. 1878 Browninc La Saisias 30 Hindrance 
is the fact acknowledged, howso’er explained as Fate, For- 
tune, Providence. 


EXPLANATE., 


b. 70 explain away : to modify or do away with 
(a meaning, etc.) by explanation; to explain so as 
to deprive of force or significance, esp. an offensive 
one. ‘+ Zo explain oneselfaway: to explain away 
one’s meaning. 

1709 Pore Ess. Crit. 117 Those explained the meaning 
quite away. 1729 Butter Sevm. Pref. Wks. II. 22 There 
is a strange affectation in many people of explaining away 
all particular affections. 1786 H. Tooke Purley Introd. 
(1798) 1x You shall not be permitted to explain yourself 
away. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 741 His words were 
taken down ; and, though he tried to explain them away, he 
was sent to the Tower. 1877 Moztey Univ. Serm. vii. 154 
To explain away the fariralmeaniiie of this part of Scrip- 
ture language. 1885 Hemminc in Law Ref. 29 Chanc. Div. 
| 293 He seeks to explain away the authorities we rely on. 
| g. To make clear the cause, origin, or reason of ; 
to account for. 

1736 Butter Anad. 1. v. Wks. I. go It may be hard to ex- 
plain the faculty, by which we are capable of habits. 1777 
SHERIDAN Sch, Scand. ww. iii, | make no doubt—but I shall 
explain everything to your satisfaction. 1860 TyxpaLL 
Glac. 1. viii. 267 The principles we have laid down enable 
us to explain the difference. 1863 Mary Howitt /. Bre- 
mer's Greece II. xiv. 91 It has been known from the most 
ancient times, but has never yet been explained in a satis- 
factory manner. 

6. ref. To make one’s meaning clear and in- 
telligible, speak plainly. Also, to give an account 
of one’s intentions or motives. Formerly with 
subord. clause: To state in explanation of one’s 
conduct ¢hat, etc. 

1624 GaTakER 7ransudst. (1626) 86 More particularly ex- 
plaining himselfe he saith. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. 
Eng. 1. xliv. (1739) 71 The Duke must now explain himself, 
that it was the value of the English Crown, and not the 
Title, that brought him over. 1660 FuLLER A/ixt Contenrpl. 
(1841) 216 Being desired farther to explain himself; I mean, 
said he, [etc.]. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom. Forest ix, Ex- 
plain yourself, lovely Adeline. 

7. intr. a. With sadbord. clause. To say in ex- 
planation ¢hat. 

1867 Baker Albert N’yanza 11. 162 Explaining that I was 
quite out of stores and presents. 1875 Jowetr Plaéo (ed. 2) 
IV. 132 He .. explains to Socrates that he has attained the 
conception of ideas by a process of generalization. 

+b. To speak one’s mind agazzst, upon. 

(Somewhat common in 18th c.) 

1709 STEELE Tatler No. 45? 9 My intended Purpose .. 
was to explain upon the Order of Merry Fellows. 1718 
Hickes & Netson ¥. Aettlewedd u. xxxiv. 141 The Designs 
.. Which they had ..so loudly explained against. 1764 
Cuesterr. Lett, 1V. 202 The Public .. begins to explain 
upon him. 

Hence Explained ///. a.; in quot. as compar. 

1685 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 140 Y° Assembly requested .. 
that a further Explainter Sence might be admitted. 

Explainable (ekspléinab’l), 2. Also 7 ex- 
planable. [f. prec.+-ABLE.] That may or can 
be explained, made clear, or accounted for; 
capable of interpretation. 

1610 Hearty St. Aug. Citie of God 842 Many of these 
examples .. are .. but explanable by weake conjectures. 
1646 Sir ‘I’. Browne Pseud, Ef. v. xxi. § 13. 268 Thus is it 
symbollically explainable and implieth purification. 1768- 
74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) I]. 657 Virtues which have a 
worth of their own explainable to his understanding. 1842 
Dickens Lef?t. (1880) 1. 77, I have an idea not easily explain- 
able in writing. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 176 
Phenomena .. explainable by the action of the drug upon 
the sensitive nerves. 

Explainer (ekspléno1). [f, ExpLary +-ER1.] 
One who or that which explains. 

1589 Puttennam Lng. Poesie 1. xii.(Arb.) 179 The Greekes 
call him [a maner of speach] Prolepsis, we the Propounder, 
or the Explaner. 1643 Mitton Divorce u. iii. (1851) 68 Ac- 
cording to our common explainers. 1695 Motreux S?. 
Olon’s Morocco 41 Their Prophet, whom they call God’s 
great Favorite, and the Explainer of his Will. 1860 BacEHot1 
Unref. Parl. 37 He must be, if not a great orator, a great 
explainer. 1881 Daily News 29 Dec. 5/2 He was the ex- 
pounder and explainer of the reforms. 

xplai‘ning, 7. sd. [f. ExpLarn + -1nG!.] 
The action of the vb. Exprarin; tan explana- 
tion. 

1580 SipNney Arcadia (1622) 383 This Sonnet, which might 
serue as an explaining tothe other. 1656 H. Puitiies Purch, 
Patt. (1676) 175 The Table is so plain it needs no explain- 
ing. 1721 R. Braptey Is, Nat. 110 No more than the 
unfolding and explaining of their Parts one after another. 
1740 Watts Remnants of Time § 21, | am quite tired .. of 
these human explainings, so various and uncertain. 

Explaining (eksplé-nin), A/a. [f. ExpLarn 
+-1NG*.] That explains or makes clear. 

1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems I, 261 Ere her last Explaining 
words were said. 

Hence Explai‘ningly adv. 

1889 Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 684/2 ‘ Black Prince—the name of 
my horse,’ she added explainingly. 
+ Explaitt, v. Ods. vare—'. In 7 explat(e ?). 
[?f. Ex-+Puair v.] ¢rans. To remove the plaits 
from ; to unravel. In quot. fig. 

¢1613 B. Jonson Underwoods, \xiv, Thou..Like Solon’s 
self, explat’st the knotty laws. 

en deere (e*ksplanéit), a, Ent. and Zool. 
[ad. L. explanat-us, pa. pple. of explandre to flatten 
out (see ExpLarN).] Spread out flat. 

1846 Dana Zooph. iv. (1848) 67 Such forms have been called 
explanate or foliaceous. 1848 Maunper Treas. Nat. Hist. 
App., ZAlanate, when the sides of the prothorax are so 


| depressed and dilated as to form a broad margin. 


55-2 


se a a, 


EXPLANATION. 


Explanation (cksplinzi-fon). Also 4 explan- 
acioun. [ad. L. exp/andtion-em, n. of action f. 
be ie wa see EXPLAIN.] 

. The action or process of explaining; an in- 
stance of the same. Jn explanation of : for the 
purpose of explaining. “+ Act of Explanation = 
Lixplanatory Act. 

1382 Wycur Yosh. Prol., We han demed .. to sitten to the 
= of the prophetis. 1532 More Con/it. Tindale 
Wks. 478/2 By which explanacions mouth the people 
came into y* vndouted trouth. 1664 Everyn Kad. Hort. 
(1729) 229, I pass to the Explanation of the following Table. 
1689 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 555 The .. parliament .. 
have repealed .. the acts of settlement and explanation. 
1729 Butter Serm. Wks. II. 153, I pi to the parti- 
cular explanation of the t before us. 1767 Funinus 
Lett. xxi. 99 A few lines in explanation of some a 
in my last letter. 1848 Macautay Hist, Eng. 1. 666 The 

lignity .. d to require explanation 

2. That which explains, makes clear, or accounts 
for; a method of explaining or accounting for ; 
a statement that makes things intelligible. Also 
(as title), a treatise composed for the purpose of 
explaining. 

a@ 1610 HEALEY Cedes F 7b, This explanation resembleth the 
riddle of Sphynx. 1 H. More Myst. (nig. i. 3, 1 have 
more at large discoursed in my Explanation of the Mystery 
of Godliness. a1715 Burnet Own Time (1734) II. 214 The 
ill effects that were like to follow on those different Ex- 
planations [of the Trinity]. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Rov. 
Forest i, La Motte now eaced foe an explanation of the 
scene. 1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. Ing. 1. vi. 233 Facts 
are not to be rejected merely because the explanation offered 
of them proves to be erroneous. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 
IV. 1. iv. 44 Vast sums were found to have been received .. 
of which no explanation had been given. 

Comb, 1716 M. Davies Athen, Brit, U1. 46 It passes 
through his own Explanation-strainer. 

8. A mutual declaration of the sense of spoken 
words, motives of actions, etc., with a view to 
adjust a misunderstanding and reconcile differences ; 
hence, a mutual understanding or reconciliation of 
parties who have been at variance. 

1840 Barua /ngol. Leg., Spectre of Tapp., 1 shall come 
to an immediate explanation with your father on the subject. 
E tive (eksple‘nativ), a. [f. L. type 
*ex, iv-us, f. explanadre: see EXPLAIN.] Tend- 
ing # explain, containing an explanation. 

1750 WarBURTON Fudian u. 181 What follows. .is explan- 
ative of what went before. 1837 New Monthly Mag. LI. 
117 He grows more explicit and explanative. 

Explana‘to-, combining form of L. explina- 
/us EXPLANATE, in sense ‘spread, or spreading out 
in a plane, or flat surface’. 

1846 Dana Zooph, (1848) 253 The species which grow from 
a central attachment (explanato-glomerate)’, /éid. 279 Ex- 
planato-foliaceous, pubct culate. unifacial. /é7d. 602 Car- 
nose, explanato-gemmate Alcyonidz. 

Explanator (e‘ksplaneita:). rave. [f. as prec. 
+-oR.} An explainer. 

1816 KeatinGe 7rav. I. 285 Time, the grand explanator. 
1858 Miss Mutock 7%. ad. Wom. 50 We are acute and ac- 
curate historians; clear explanators of science. 

Explanatory (eksplenatori), a. and sb. [f. 
as prec. +-ORY.] A. adj. 

1. Serving or adapted to explain (something), 
containing or helping toan explanation. Const. of 
Explanatory Act: an Act of Parliament passed 
to explain the meaning, drift, or application of 
a previous Act. 

1618 Botton Florus To Rdr. 2 The words .. here and 
there inserted in a different letter .. are for the most part 
ame nny of the Authors meaning. 1672 Essex Papers 
(Camden) I. 1 ¥° seaven yeers granted for it, in y° Explan- 
atory Act, are neere Expired. 1753 Hocartu Anal. Beau 
1 A short essay, ac panied with two expl prin 
1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) LI. ix. 326 To guard again 
misconception, an explanatory document was drawn up by- 
the government. 1883 Proctor in Avowledge 7 Sept. 156/1, 
I feel tempted to lay down in despair the explanatory pen. 

2. Of persons, their qualities, etc. : Having the 
function of explaining, disposed or ready to give 
explanation. 

1743 Wacrote Lett. H. Mann (2834) I, Ixxxix. 313, I find 
you still overwhelmed with Richcourt’s folly and the Ad- 
miral’s explanatory ignorance. 1756 Foote Eng. fr. Paris 
1. Wks. 1799 1. 96 The law is an oracular idol, you are ex- 
planatory ministers. 1848 Dickens Domédey vi. 59 He ren- 
dered himself as explanatory as he could. 

+ B. sb. = EXPLaNnation 2. Obs. 

1650 R. Hottincwortu Exerc, conc. Usurped Powers 49 
This may be the best explanatorie of that. 

Hence Explanatorily adv. Expla‘natoriness, 
the quality of being explanators. 

1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. xii, The city which Mr. Podsnap 
so explanatorily called ‘London, Londres.’ 1870 Miss 
Broucuton Red as Rose I. 208 Miss Craven has had a fall 

-he remarks explanatorily. 

1730-6 Baitey (folio’, Zxplanatoriness, 1885 Voices cry- 
ing in Wilderness iv. 119 A sort of general explanatoriness 
that seemed intended to check further questions, 

+ Explasnt, v. Ods. [ad. mod.L. explant-are, 
f. ex- (see Ex- pref.!) + plantare to plant, f. planta 
plant, on the analogy of émplantare.] trans. To 
send forth as an offshoot. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man v. 84 These [fibres] are explanted 
from the second cauitie or cell in the kidneys. 


+Explanta‘tion. 00s. rare. [f. prec. + -atIon.] 


436 
forth as an offshoot ; concr. 
¥- SU he Mester] goeth into 


The action of send 
an offshoot, 
1578 Banister Hist, Man 
oeage. tea Caan nee pad tence 
23 oe. 
feshy pest i EY 


to which more or risings do accrew. 

* , v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. explicare, 
after analogy of display. Cf. Fr. esploier.] 
trans. To unfold, display. 

ax619 Fotuersy Atheom. u. viii. § 3 (1622) 285 Mans 
minde doth dayly such it selfe explay, As Gods great Will 
doth frame it euery day. 1639 H. Verranaatn Fuller Holy 
War (1647) A vij a, As light embroiderie explayes its glorie. 

+Expl , obs. form of EspLers, Law. 

1628 Coke Ox Litt. 17 b, The patron shall not allege the 
explees or taking of the profits in himself. ao Perkins 
Prof. Bk. v.§ soe 148 The issue of the donee 1. .alledge 
the Explees in his Father. 1775 in Asn. 

Expleite(n, obs. form of Exporr v. 

+ E-xplement. Ods. [f. L. exp/ément-um that 
which fills up, f. exp/ére to fill up: see EXPLETE 
and -MENT.] That which fills up; fulfilment. 
3593 sole sad T. agg sage ha yee = te, pa 
the to out . 

fement fed. sey cxpletement], sigh-0 la Pau 


+ splendent-em, pr. pple. of splendére to shine: 
see -ENCY.] Brightness. Cf. RESPLENDENCY. 

1647 H. More Song of Soul un. mt. ut. xiv, They have close 
clapt up all his [Phazbus’] explendency. 

+ Exple‘nish, v. O¢s. rare—'. [f. Ex- pref.) 
+ PLENISH.] ¢vans. To appease, satisfy. 

1612 SHeLton Quix. I. m1. iv. 137 He had his Fantasy ever 
explenished with these Battels, fochantmente .. Loves and 


Challenges. 
+ Explete, ppl. a. Obs. Also 6 expleat. [ad. 
I ee ét-us, pa. pple. of explée: see next.] 


Filled up, completed ; complete, perfect. 

1 Hildebrand (W. de W.) A vj, The yere explete, the 
wydowe. .tyed an haulter aboute her sonnes necke and [etc. ]. 
1570 in Levins Manif. 1608 MippLeton Mad |W orld v. ii, 


A very explete justice ! 

+ E; lle‘te, v. Obs. Also 7 expleat. [f. L. ex- 
pléet- ppl. stem of exp/ere, f.ex- (see Ex- pref.!) + plére 
to fill. In some examples perh. a var. of ExPLoir.] 

1. ¢rans. To fill out; to satiate, satisfy ; to com- 
plete (a period of time). 

¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas v. vii. (1554) 128 a, Texplete their lust 
certaine. 1635 Heywoop Hierarch. ut. 167 The Great 
Yeare..some hold to be expleted in 36000 Golarie yeres. 
1650 Futter Pisgah tv. vii. 123 Nothing under an Infinite, 
can expleat..the immortall minde of man. 1657 TomLINson 
Renou's Disp. 295 Wax. .moderately expletes the body. 

2. To do fully ; to complete, accomplish. 

1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy Prol., This worke texplete that 
ye not refuse. 1 in Fiddes Wolsey 1. 171 Of such yers 
as was mete & hable to explete that act. 16rx Speen //is¢. 


din, ae § to the Sense. 1779-8 

Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. WV. 1 a otecives he very early 
ejected from his verses. 1816 J. Gitcurist Philos. Etynt. 
i particles be consecrated into elegant 
expletives? 1838-9 Harta Hist. Lit, III. v. ut. § 71. 
Articles and expletives. .are..employed for the sake Of the 
metre, not of the sense. 

b. Often applied to a profane oath or other 
meaningless exclamation. 

1815 Scorr M. iii, Retainin Bont such of their 
explltivas ox sxe lot oeane 1840 inoue Ingol. Leg., 
ang a ee plied..with an pl 1891 

. Peacock NV. Brenton 1. 63 ‘Confound him!’ or some 
stronger expletive exploded from the Earl’s lips, 

2. An ‘expletive’ person or thing; one that 
ager ge to fill up space. 

1688 R. L’Estrance Brief Hist. Times aby Article 


| fof an Impeachment] is an Expletive; and 


| 


Gt. Brit. 1x. xxi. § 71 Being of yeeres able to explete the act. | 


Expletement: see ExpLEMENT. 

+ Exple‘tion. Oés. [ad. L. ty, capers n. of 
action f. exp/ére: see EXPLETE v.] The action of fill- 
ing, the state of being filled to the full ; satisfaction. 

1629 GauLe Holy Madn. 400 Expletion but increases the 
Malady. 1677 Hace Prim.Orig, Man... viii. 377 The exple- 
tion of the Faculties of the Sensible Nature. 1717 Kiinc- 
BECK Serm, xviii. 374 The Expletion of their Desires. 

letive (eksplitiv, ekspl7tiv), a. and sd. 
[ad. L. explétiv-us serving to fill out, f. explére: 
see Expitete. Cf. Fr. explétif.] A. adj. 

1. Serving to fill out; introduced merely to 
occupy space, or to make up a required quantity 
or number: @ gen. 
sf 1 in Brounr Glossogr. 1666 Tittotson Rule of 
Paith 1. § 3 Those expletive topicks which popish writers. . 

generally make use of to help out a book, 1761 Cuurcuiie 
osciad Poems 1763 1. 16 Expletive Kings, and Queens 
without a name. a@ 1833 Han. Morr in Leslie & Taylor Sir 
>. Reynolds (1865) 11. vii. 209 Scarce an expletive man or 
woman of the party. 1874 Ksicur Dict. Mech., Expletive- 
stone (Masonry), one used for filling a vacuity. 

b. esp. Of words and phrases : — merely 
to fill out a sentence, | out a metrical line, ete. 
Also occas. of a mode of expression ; Redundant, 
wordy. 

41677 Barrow IW&s, (1741) I. xv. 10 He useth them [oaths] 
as expletive phrases. .to plump his speech. @1771 R. Woop 
Genius of Homer (x75) 288 Homer's particles were [not] 
altogether condemned to this mere expletive duty. x 
Je L. P., Addison Wks. I11, 89 The lines, which 
there is little temptation to load with expletive epithets. 
1804 Soutnry in Robberds Mem. W. Taylor 1. 494 ‘The 
Key my loose, powerless fingers forsook’, a lame and ex- 
pletive wa: af ying, dropt the key’. 1874 Sayce Com- 

v. Philol. i. 29 The influence of phasis will. .show 
itself. .in the introduction of expletive ones (sounds). 

{| c. nonce-use. Given to — expletives. 

1857 Mayne Rep in Chamd. ¥rni. VIL. 329 The old 


r rown expletive. 
+2. Having the attribute of supplying a defi- 
cienoy. Obs. 
. supplies this defi- 


1816 Kearince 7rav. I. 38 Reymond 
ciency : but he is not sufficiently expletive in regard to this 
eastern part of the chain, 

3. Tending or seeking to supply a loss; com- 
pensative. rare. (Cf. quot. 1853 s.v. EXPLETORY.) 

1838-9 Hattam Hist. Lit. II. iv. mt. § 117. 202 Punish- 
ment..is not a part of attributive, and hardly of expletive 
justice, 


P | nothing. 
+ Explendency. Oés. rare—'. [f. L. ex- out | 


econ 
1788 YounG Centaur ii. Wks 175; 1v. 110 Was 
man made only to flutter, sing, and expi A mere ex- 
pletive in the mighty work. .of the ‘Almighty. ? 1772 Graves 
Spir. Quixote 1x. xv. (1783) IIL. 52 A goose tart; with 
other ornamental expletives of the same kind. 1872 O. W. 
Hotmes Poet Break/-t. i. 9 He is a sort of expletive at 
the table, serving to stop gaps. 3 

b. Something that supplies deficiencies ; a sup- 
plement. rare. 

1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect. Archit. 1. 207 They may.. be 
studied [in Italy]..as an aid and expletive to what we learn 
elsewhere. 

Hence Expletively adv., in an expletive manner, 
with redundancy of expression. Expletiveness, 
the quality of being expletive. 

1607 Hirron Defence 1. 160 To be put in expletiuely and 
by way of explication. 1860 J. Younc Prov. Reason 171 
Loosely, expletively, rhetorically, we speak of the Infinite 
Life. 1730-6 Bamey (folio), Exfletiveness, expletive or 
filling up quality. 

maple (ekspl/tari), a. [as if ad. L. type 
*expletorius, 1. explere: see EXPLETE v.] Serving 


| to fill up; = Experive A. 


Burner Hist. Ref 1. m1. 243 An letory word. 
r ety Critic Feb. 7 Dr. Ga ee is dhe of this ex- 
pletory embellishment. 1823 Lams Elia (1860) 31 With the 
expletory yell, ‘and I will, too.’ 1853 Wuewe t tr. Grotius 
de Fure Belli et Pacis U1. u. § 3 In punishment the justice 
which is exercised is expletory justice [L. justitia expletrix). 
Explicable (e‘ksplikab’l), a. [ad. L. explica- 
bilis, f. explicare to Expuicate.] That may be 
explicated or explained ; that admits of being 
cleared of difficulty, or of being accounted for. 
x . Heywoon Spider & F. Ixiv. 82 All parts of best 
wit bene vnable thacount 


Phys. Mech, i. (1682) 
ikely that most if not all 


ually given them [bills] 
. TAytor in Ann. Rev. 


uation : Solvable. Ods. 
E. Hattey Roots Equat. in Misc. Cur. (1708) IL. 84 
The Equation , isnot explicable by any other Root. 

Hence E-xplicableness, the quality of being 
explicable. 

1727 in Barry vol. II; and in mod, Dicts. 

+ Explicate (e‘ksplikeit), af/. a. Obs. [ad. L. 
explicat-us, pa, pple. of explicare : see EXPLICATE v.] 
a. Unfolded, expanded. b. Unfolded in words, 
fully stated ; re a syllogism. ¢. Made clear ; 
plain, intelligib 
a. 1661 Lovett //ist, Anim. i Min. Introd., The intestine 


in some is small .. are yay 
b. 1532 Hey. VIII in Hist. Ref. U1. 169 When 
holiness, when am ex 


either con- 
isme the 


or c 

ce. er. Taytor Lid. i, 
wens poke articulat Sy yt 1686 Goap 
Celest. Bodies 1. ix. Fe How explicate is the Solution of this 


gen Fi 
em hardly either vindicable or explicate without it. 


Hence +E adv, = EXPuiciTLy 1. 
“on anes Dae. Tein eg Ply hp ee 
m . in 
the faith of the Messiah. " 


te (eksplikeit), v. [f. L. explicat- ppl. 

stem of explicd-re, f. ex- out + plicare to fold, PLy.] 

+1. ¢vans. To unfold, unroll; to smooth out 

(wrinkles); to open out (what is wrapped up) ; 
to ex (buds, leaves, etc.), Obs, 


EXPLICATION. 


1620 Br. Kine Ser. 8 When he intendeth his business to 
purpose, then hee standeth vpon his feet, explicateth and 
displayeth his limbes. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 
I. Vi. § 4. ry The Rose of Jericho will. .explicate its flowers 
contracted. 165r Bevery Life Erasmus in Fuller's Abel 
Rediv. 69 A gold Ring, which explicated, became an exact 
celestiall sphere. 1660 SHARROocK Vegetables 37 The leaves 
..explicate themselves. 1710 T, Futter Pharm. Extenip. 
193 It [the Glyster]. .explicates Corrugations of the Fibres. 
1712 BLackMoreE Creation 66 They explicate the leaves. 

Jig. 1536 Latimer 1st Serm. bef. Convoc. Wks. 1. 32 If 
ye diligently roll them in a minds, and after explicate 
and open them, a@ 1652 J. Smitn Se?. Disc. v. 140 Our love 
is wont to explicate and unfold its affection. 

+b. To spread out, expand in area or volume. 

1578 Banister Hist. Max vi. 103 The Muscles .. expli- 
catyng their owne substaunce, do constitute a tendinous 
Membran. 1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angi. iv. 31 The blood 
being thus expanded and explicated into a turgency. 

+e. To spread out to view, display. Ods. 

ong H. More Poems 235 From her centre Her pregnant 
mind she os soul] fairly explicates In actuall forms. 1678 
Wan ey Wond. Lit. World 1, xliv. § 30. 227/2 There the 
Zodiack did explicate its Signs. 

+2. a. To disentangle, unravel ; fig. (cf. 6). b. 
To disentangle, extricate from, out of difficulties. 

@. 1663 Sir G. Mackenzie Relig. Store xiii. (1685) 124 
Apter to beget than to explicate difficulties. a@1713 Ext- 
woop Axutobiog. Supp. (1714) 438, I might cite a great deal 
more, to explicate this Controversie. ; 

1614 Rateicu Hist, World Il. v. v. § 6. 582 Hee did 
neuer meet with any difficultie, whence hee could not ex- 
plicate himselfe. 1668 CLARENDON Vind. ‘Tracts (1727) 53 
No way to explicate the kingdom out of those intricacies. 

3. To develop, bring out what is implicitly con- 
tained in (a notion, principle, proposition). 

1628 T. Spencer Logick 260 A simple Syllogisme hath the 
parts contracted, or explicated. @ 1716 Soutn Sev. (1717) 
VI. 427 To explicate and draw forth this General into the 
several Particulars wrapt up and included in it. 1837-8 
Sir W. Hamirton Logic xix. (1866) I. 383, I do not think it 
necessary to explicate these two reasonings. 1864 Bowen 
Logic iii. 48 By logicians generally. .this principle has been 
explicated into three general Axioms. 

. To unfold in words; to give a detailed ac- 
count of. Sometimes with indirect question as 047. 
Now rare ; = EXPLAIN 3,2. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. xv, I name him a gramarien .. that 
can expounde good autours explicating the figures as well 
of sentences as wordes. 1553 Pore in Strype Cranmer u. 
173 Ye have explicated how the whole matter .. may be 
concluded. 1657 Tom.inson Rexou’s Disp. 145 We might 
dilucidly explicate the. .composition of medicaments. @ 1734 
Nortu ELxam. ut. vii. § 52 (1740) 541 The Terms good and 
bad .. being beforehand well explicated to the People. 
1831 Crayons from Commons 48 In dismal doleful ploratory 
strain ie explicates the amount of loss and gain. a@18 
Lams Misc. Wks. (1871) 504 An unfairness .. which this 
would not be quite the proper place for explicating. 

absol, 1596 DatrympLe tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 8 
Bot will explicat mair at large. | Jer. Taytor Servz. 
Jor Year i. (1850) 17 As Christ related, and His Apostles 
recorded eae i et - 

+5. To disclose the cause or origin of (a pheno- 
menon) ; to account for. Ods.; = EXPLAIN v. 5. 

1605 TimMe Quersit. 1. vii. 29 To explicate the sowernes 
of the vineagar. 1660 Bovte New Exp. Phys. Mech. i. 
(1682) 13 There is yet another way to explicate the Spring 
of the Air, 1729 Butter Ser. Pref. Wks. 1874 II. 10 
Perceptions .. which .. it may not be very easy at first view 
to explicate. : 5 

6. To make clear the meaning of (anything) ; to 
remove difficulties or obscurities from ; to clear 
up, explain. Now rare; = EXPLAIN v, 3b. 

1622-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. Introd. (1674) 18/1 Geography 
we will first define .. And after explicate such terms .. as 
are not obvious. 1650 S. Crarke Zccé, Hist... (1654) 45 
He was wondrous quick to explicate obscure passages. 
1693 DrypEN Fuvenal Ded. liii, The last Verse of his last 
Satire. .is not yet sufficiently explicated. 1814 W. Van Mi- 
pert Bampton Lect. iii. (ed. 2) 82, Vain attempts to expli- 
cate points which. . must ever remain enveloped in..mystery. 
1865 BusHNeELt Vicar. Sacr. 1. i. (1868) 450 Terms by which 
they ag lustral figures] must be explicated. 

+b. ref. To explain oneself; to make clear 
one’s meaning. Ods. 

1563 Nowe Serm. bef. Queen (1853) 225 To explicate 
myself, I say, etc. 1631 Br. HALL Rem. Wks. (1660) 295 
The Church of England having plainly explicated herself. 
1638 Freatty 7vansub. 253 Once more explicate your selfe. 

+e. zztr. To enter into explanations. Ods. rare. 

1781 Map. D’Arsiay Diary § Lett. Il. 77 We explicated 
about the letters and the coach and so forth 

Hence E:xplicated //. a., unfolded, expanded ; 
explained. Evxplicating vd/. sd., the action of 
the verb Expricare. Evxplicating /. a., that 
unfolds; in quot. z¢v. for vefl. expansive. 

1884 Farrsatrn in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 362 A religion al- 
ways is as its deity is. .as it were the explicated idea of Him. 
1531 Etyor Gov. 1. xiii, To him belongeth the explicating 
or unfoldinge of sentence. 1 Ray Dissol, World 1. v. 
(1732) 376 For the better explicating of Natural Things. 
1616 Beaum. & Fr. Faithful Friends w. i, Surcease a while 
this explicating joy. 

Explication (ekspliké‘fan). [a.F. explication, 
ad. L. explication-em, n. of action f. explicare: 
see ExpLicatE v.] The action of explicating. 

+1. The action or process of unfolding (flowers, 
leaves, etc.). Ods. 

1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus II. 514 In the flowers 
of Sycamore .. before explication. 1660 SHARRocK Veget- 
ables 24 The moones being in the full at the first explication 
of the two dissimilar leaves, 


| 


437 


2. The process of developing or bringing out 
what is implicitly contained in a notion, proposi- 
tion, principle, etc. ; the result of this process. 

1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 70 Definitions. .are 
nothing but the explication of our simple conceptions. 
1837-8 Sir W. Hamicton Logic xxiv. (1866) II. 12 A de- 
claration is called an Explication, when the predicate or 
defining member indeterminately evolves only some of the 
characters belonging to the subject. 1864 Bowen Logic 
iii. 48 The ground of this explication may be thus set forth. 

3. The action or process of stating or describing 
in detail ; a detailed statement or description. 

1528 Roy Sat., Of wholy Roodes there is soche a sight 
That bitwene this and mydnyght I coulde not make expli- 
cation. 1588 FRaunce Lawzers Log. Ded., The more 
orderly explication of the Lawe. 1660 Suarrock Vegetables 
51 Explication of the manner of propagation by stems cut off 
from the Mother-plant. 1674 tr. Scheffer’s Laplandi. 1 Olaus 
Magnus in the explication of his map of Scandinavia. 1674 
Grew Axat., Plants ut. u. (1682) 123 The Explication there- 
fore of all those Particulars .. will be my present Task. 
1759 Jounson /dler No. 70 ® 4 Diffusion and explication 
are necessary to the instruction of those who..can only 
learn what is expressly taught. 

+4. The action or process of unfolding the cause 
or origin of a phenomenon ; a statement made for 
this purpose. Odse 

1692 BentLey Boyle Lect. 226 Those common attempts 
toward the explication of gravity. 1717 J. Keite Anz. 
con. Pref. (1738) 24 The Explications of the Animal 
(Economy are equally certain .. with the Propositions of 
Geometry. 1752 Hume Ess. §& Treat. (1777) I. 114 No 
other explication can be given of this operation, 1764 RE1p 
Inguiry 1. i. § 2.99 An explication .. of the various phz- 
nomena of human nature. 

5. The action or process of removing difficulty 
or obscurity from, or making clear the meaning 
of (a word, statement, symbol, etc.). Also, that 
which effects this ; an explanation, interpretation. 

1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Offices 37 Certayne notes 
for the more playne explicacion.. of thinges. 1578 Timme 
Calvin on Gen. 43 The second word was added instead of 
an explication. 1651 C. Cartwricut Cert. Relig. 1. 235 
Now take any of all these foure Explications of the Apostles 
words. 1660 Barrow Euclid Introd., The explication of 
the Signs or Characters. 1709 Swirt Merdin’s Proph., I 
have not forced the words by my explication into any other 
sense. 1751 JoHNSON Rambler No. 99? 13 A better explica- 
tion of acontroverted line. ¢ 1760 sports in Zimes 18 Apr. 
(1884) 4/2 Ten plates of Anglo-Saxon coins with explications. 
1838-9 Havriam //ist. Lit. II. ii. ut. § 20. 419 Such expli- 
cation of contrarieties as might make them appear less in- 
compatible with outward unity. 1872 Brack Adv. Phacton 
xix. 274 A mystery beyond explication. 

+b. An exposition ; a paraphrase. Ods. 

1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Life Luther (1867) I. 59 In the 
year 1544, th 17tt of November, he finished his explication 
of Genesis. @1789 Burney /7ist. Mus. (ed. 2) II. iv. 252 
‘Iwo choristers sung the explication or paraphrase. 

+6. = EXPLANATION 3. 

1707 Cottier Ref. Ridic. 70 If the Person they are ad- 
dress’d to is affronted, and demands an Explication. 1745 
Fortunate Orphan 128 He told him, he desir'd to have an 
Explication with him. . 

Explicative (eksplikeitiv), a. and sd, [ad. L. 
explicativ-us, £. explicare: see EXPLICATE v.] 

A. adj. 

+1. Tending to unfold, or to unfold itself; ex- 
pansive. In quot. fig. Obs. 

1627-77 FeitHam Resolves 1, xxiv. 43 How contrary it is 
to Christianity, and the Nature of explicative Love. 

2. a. Having the function of explaining; ex- 
planatory, interpretative. + Of a person : Explicit, 
affording explanation. b. Logic. Of a propo- 
sition or judgement: That merely explains what 
is implied in the subject; = EssEnTIAL. +¢. Gram. 
(see quot. 1824). 

1649 Jer. TayLor Gt. Exentp. 1. ix. 123 Here is forbidden 
+. an anger with deliberation, and purpose of revenge, this 
being explicative and additionall to the precept forbidding 
murder. 1725 Watts Logic u. ii. § 5 The term..is called 
explicative ; for it only explains the subject. 1757 Herald 
(1758) I. No. 4. 62, I shall be particularly explicative in the 
course of these publications. 1824 L. Murray Zug. Gram. 
(ed. 5) I. 216 An explicative sentence is, when a thing is 
said to be or not to be..in a direct manner, 1852 Sir 
W. Hamitton Discuss. 273 In Mathematics the whole 
Science .. is only the evolution of a potential knowledge 
into an actual, and its procedure is thus merely explicative. 
1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant u. i, 207 The new judgments 
.. are all explicative or analytic. 1878 Bayne Purit. Rev. 
x. 393 These are for Mr. Carlyle, the vital, the explicative 
facts in Cromwell’s career and character. 

B. sé, An explicative term. 

1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 77 By the first name [green ear of 
corn], the Indians, as an explicative, term their passover. 
1864 Bowen Logic v. 144 With regard to Explicatives. 

Hence Explicatively adv., in an explanatory 
manner. 

1775 Avair Amer. Ind. 22 They often call the bleak north- 
wind, explicatively, very evil, and accursed, 

+Evxplicator. Ods. rare. Also 7 explicater. 
[a. L. explicator, f. explicare: see EXPLICATE v.] 
An expounder, explainer. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man.t. i. 10 The Supposition of 
Epicurus, and his Explicator, Lucretius. 1 rs SERGEANT 
Solid Philos. 36 The Explicaters of Ideas by Resemblances 
must be forced. 

E eatery (eksplikateri), a. [f. L. type 
*explicatorius, t. explicator: see prec. and -ory.] 
Having the function of explaining. Const. of 


EXPLICITLY. 


(1625 Ussuer Answ. Yesuit 304 The like explicatorie repe- 
tition is noted..to haue been vsed by the Prophet. a 1677 
Barrow Serm, I. xxv, Those evangelical commands, ex- 
plicatory of this law. 1716 T. Vincent (¢it/e), Explicatory 
Catechism, or an Explanation of the Assembly’s Shorter 
Catechism. 1870 Disrarti Lofhair Ixxi. 377 Making every 
allowance. .for explicatory cixcumstances. 1889 Spectator 
9 Nov., They were compelled to wait for the correspondents’ 
full and explicatory accounts. 

+E‘xplicature. Ods. rare—). [f. explicat- ppl. 
stem of exflicdre (see EXPLICATE) +-URE.] ? The 
action of unfolding or displaying. 

1s92 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 85 b, Which stones [table 
diamonds} were wonderfully cut of a Cataglyphic expli- 
cature. ie 

|| Evxplicit. Ods. [a med. L. word, used by 
scribes in indicating the end of a book, or of one 
of the separate pieces contained ina MS. It was 
regarded as a vb. in 3rd pers. sing., ‘Here ends’ 
(such a book, piece, etc.), the form explictunt 
being used as pl. It seems, however, to have been 
originally an abbreviation of exflic¢/us pa. pple., 
in explicitus est liber, lit. ‘the book is unrolled’ ; 
cf. quot. 949.] 

[a 420 Hirronymus /f, xxvit.iv, Solemus completis opus- 
culis .. interponere Explicit aut Feliciter aut aliquid istius 
modi. 949 in Yepez Chron. Ord. S. Benedicti 1.92 (Du Cange) 
Explicitus est liber iste & Notario Sebastiano Diacono, no- 
tum perfectionis diem 4. Kalend. Februarii zrz 987.] c 1250 
Gen. & Ex. (end), Explicit liber Exodus. ¢ 1374 CHAaucER 
Troylus (end), Explicit liber Troili et Criseide. c 1450-60 
in Babees Bk, (1868) 331 Expliciunt Statuta Familie bone 
Memorie. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. (end), Explicit per Wil- 
liam Caxton, 15.. Piers of Fullham 287 in Hazl. £. P. P. 
II. 12 Explysyth peers of fulham. 1595 G. M. Gentleman's 
Acad. 54 Explicit prima pars. [1663-76 ButLokar, Zx- 
plicite..ended or finished. 1866 KinGsLtey Herevw. II. 402 
Explicit.] . 7 f 

b. nonce-use as sb.: The ‘finis,’ shutting up. 

@ 1658 CLEVELAND Poems, Agst. Sleep 11 Sleep.. Reasons 
Assassine, Fancies Bail; The Senses Curfew. . Joys 
plicite, unfathom’d Gulf of time. 

+ Expli‘cit, v. Ods. [f. L. explici¢- ppl. stem 
of explicdre to unfold: sce EXxpLicatE.] zy. 
Ofa leaf: To unfold, open out. 

1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp. 650 Leaves of red Roses 
perfectly explicited. 

Explicit (eksplicsit), a. Also 7 explicite. 
[a. Fr. explicite, ad. L. explictt-ws, pa. pple. of exv- 
plicdre to unfold: see EXPLICATE.] 

+1. Of the brow: Free from folds or wrinkles; 
smooth. Ofaplot: Free from intricacies ; simple. 

1671 Mitton Samson Introd., That commonly called the 
plot, whether intricate or explicit. 1697 Evetyn Niauisue. 
1x. 296 The chearful Forehead is Explicit and smooth. — 

2. Of knowledge, a notion, etc.: Developed in 
detail; hence, clear, definite. A.xplictt faith, belief 
(Theol.): the acceptance of a doctrine with distinct 
apprehension of all that is logically involved in it ; 
opposed to zwplictt faith. 

1651 Baxter /af Baft. 119 Every man is bound to have 
a personall explicite Faith of his own. 1656 BraMHALL 
Reflic. ii. 85 The explicite beliefe of them is no necessary 
part of Christian communion. 1690 Locke Hus. Und. 1. 
li. (1695) 11 The Understanding hath an implicit Know- 
ledge of these Principles, but not an explicit, before this 
first hearing. @1716 Sout Seriz.(J.), How impossible it is 
for us to have a clear and explicit notion of that which is 
infinite. 1880 LittLepALe Plain Reas. xxv. 73 Implicit 
belief in the Pope is not sufficient ; that must be explicit. 

3. Of declarations, indications, utterances: Dis- 
tinctly expressing all that is meant; leaving no- 
thing merely implied or suggested ; express. 

1613 R. C. Zable Alph. (ed. 3), Explicite, made manifest, 
vnfolded. 1642 Mitton Argt. conc. Militia 26 An Oath 
ought to be explicite, I mean, without implications or 
etcetera’s. 1654 CromweLt Sf. 12 Sept., There was an 
explicit consent and an implicit consent. 1726 De For 
Hist. Devil 1. v. (1840) 66 What their [the angels’] sin was 
is not explicit. 1769 Rosertson Chas. V, III. vit. 62 The 
Landgrave..wrote to Granvelle. . begging an explicit decla- 
ration of what they had to fear or hope. 1789 BENTHAM 
Princ. Legist. xi. § 42 If a poor man who is ready to die 
with hunger steal a loaf of bread, it is a less explicit iy of 
depravity than [etc.]. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858 Il. 
vii. 201 Promises more explicit had been held out to him of 
forgiveness. : a 

4. Hence of persons, their qualities, etc.: Speak- 
ing out fully all that is meant; definite and unre- 
served in expression ; outspoken. : 

1726 BuTLeR Sev. vii. 134 How explicit they are with 
themselves, is another Question. 1756 Porr Chirurg. Wks. 
(1790) II. 10 To express myself in as plain, explicit and in- 
tellzgible manner as I am able. 1770 Fumius Lett. xxxvi. 
172 The explicit firmness and decision of a king. @ 1859 
Macautay Biog. (1867) 180 No man who is at the head of 
affairs always wishes to be explicit. 

Explicitly (ekspli-sitli), adv. 
aeey In an explicit manner. 

1. As a matter of ‘explicit’? knowledge, belief, 
or statement ; expressly and not merely by impli- 
cation. Opposed to zmplicitly. Now only (exc. 
Theol.) with reference to statements, in which use 
it approaches sense 2. 

@ 1638 Meve Ws. 1. Ixxvii. 863 That the Roman Church 
.-erreth not in..Fundamentalibus Fidei Articulis, because 
explicitely they profess them, howsoever .. implicitely and 
by consequent t ed subvert them. 165: Hosses Govt. & 
Soc. xiv. § 8. 217 Every civill Law hath a penalty annexed 


[f as prec. + 


EXPLICITNESS. 


to it, either explicitly or implicitly. 179 Burke A//. Whi; 
Wks. 1842 I. 51x He explicitly limits is ideas of “4 etre 
1875 Manninc Mission H. Ghost xvi. 437 Faith believes the 
whole of God explicitly so far as it knows it ; im- 
plicitly so far as it is not known as yet. 1879 Casse//’s 
of various dates speak 


Techn, Educ. \. Passages z 
plicith of the an the compass for land purposes. = 
2. Tn a definite and unambiguous manner; un- 
equivocally. 


_ 1756 Br. Lowrn Let. to Bf. Warburton 129, 1 thought it 
incumbent upon me to tell explicitly. .that I was not to 
be frightened. 1797 Mrs. Rapcurre /¢adian iii, Speak ex- 
plicitly and to the Voge 184x Mratt Nonconf. 1.1 We.. 
avow most explicitly that [etc.]. 

3. With detailed exposition. 

1729 Butter Serm Wks, 1874 II. 24 This part of the office 
of conscience is beyond my present design oT pea to con- 
sider. 1875 Jowett Plato tea. 2) V. 195 Will you tell me a 
little more explicitly what [etc.]? 

icitness (ekspli'sitnés). IF as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality of being exp ! 
ness of statement or (formerly) of apprehension ; 
freedom from ambiguity or obscurity of meaning ; 
outspokenness. 

1647 Jer. Tavior L716. Proph. xii. 187 Whose judgement 
(of speculative doctrine) is .. with lesse curiosity and expli- 
citenesse declared in Scripture. «1716 Soutn Serm. (1737) 
IV. vii. 284 The knowledge of this article. .was by no means 
received with..explicitness in the ancient Jewish Church. 
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) I, xxxii. 236 An explicitness 
that can admit of no mistake. 1826 Disragut Viv. Grey ww. 
iv, Explicitness is not the language of such as Iam. 1873 
Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 581 That explicitness of 
syntax. 

+ Expli‘ke, v. Obs. rave—'. [ad. F. expligue-r 
to explain, ad. L. explicdre : see EXPLICATE.] f¢rans. 
To unfold in words ; to narrate at length. 

1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. Prol. 1 a/1 
‘The feruente charytee of the freres. . haue ofte tymes requyred 
vs to..explyke the lyues of holy Heremytes. 

Explodable (eksplo"dab’l), a. [f. Expropr z. 

+-ABLE.] That may be exploded. 

1871 Le Fanu Zen. Malory lix. 343 As I have seen people 
at a chemical lecture eye the explodable compounds on the 
professor’s table. 


Explode (ekspléwd), v. [ad. L, explodere, ex- 
plaudére to drive out by clapping,}hiss (a player) 
off the stage, f. ex- out+plaa@Fe to clap: cf. 
APPLAUD, PLaupit. Cotgr. 1611 has Fr. exfloder 
in sense I. 

With the non-Lat. senses 4-6 cf. late L. displodére (see 
DispLope) used of the bursting of a bladder, Senses 5 and 
6, now the prevailing senses, are not recognized by Johnson. ] 

+1. trans. To clap and hoot (a player, play, 
etc.) off the stage ; hence ge. to drive away with 
expressions of disapprobation ; to cry down; to 
banish ignominiously. Also fg. Const. from, out 
of, and with double obj. Ods. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1651) 19 Vertue 
and Wisdom. .were hissed out, and exploded by the common 
people. 1663 CowLey Verses § Ess. (1669) 69 Why they did 
not hiss, and explode him off the Stage. 1670 Moral State 
Eng. 12 Religion is a thing they explode conversation. 1749 
Frevpinc Tom FYones w. vi, In the playhouse. .when he dot 
wrong, no critic is so apt to hiss and explode him. a@ 1788 
Giover Athenaid xxx. 94 Of justice and religion... 
[Enoch] spake exploded. 1823 Lams Elia, Artif. Comedy 
Wks. 402 Congreve and Farquhar show their heads once in 
seven years only, to be exploded and put down. [1849 W. 
FitzGeratp tr. Whitaker's Disput. 21 Who would not cry 
out against and incre the patrons of Cerinthus.] 

+b. To mock at, deride. Obs. rare. 

1618 Cuarman /Yesiod 1. 570 When thou hast once begun 
to build a house, Leav’t not unfinish’d, lest the. .IIl-spoken 
crow..from her bough thy means outgone explode. 


+c. Of a thing: To cause to be hooted (off the 
stage). monce-use. 

1768 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 335 The absurdity. .was 
so glaring, that it has quite exploded chat notion off the stage. 

2 To reject with scorn (an opinion, proposal, 
custom). Also in weaker sense: To reject, dis- 
card. Obs. exc. in passive, which is still occas. 
used with the sense: To be disused, to be rejected 


as obsolete (cf. 3). 

1538 Letanp /tin. V. 56 When Glan is set with a worde 
ger G is exploded. 1609 Bacon Case of Post-nati 
Wks. 1803 IV. 343 But the court uaa voce exploded this 
reason, and said [etc.]. 1696 Tryon Misc. xliv.. 99 Not that 
I wholly Explode Astrology ; I believe there is somethin, 
in it. ABELYE Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 4 
‘This Method of building .. having been exploded by the 
Hon. Board asinsufficient. 1790 Bewick Quadrupeds (1807) 
55 This breed is now nearly exploded, being considered 
-.as unprofitable, 1822 Imison Sc, § Art I. 132 These 
effects..were one attributed to suction ; a word which 
ought to be explod 1850 Dauseny Atom. Th. iii. (ed. 2) 
o4 As new views came into vogue, or old errors ie €X~ 
ploded. 1861 Exsiz Garrett in Gd. Words 410 The old airs 
+ are exploded for Italian bravuras. 3 
3. To cause to be rejected; to bring into disre- 
pute ; to expose the hollowness of; to discredit ; 
‘+ to bring into disuse. 

Now often associated with sense 6; hence it tends to be 
restricted to cases in which the fig. use of that sense would 
va ales Masini Poges, Reg, (hk sa the Baoalaaet 
@ 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 4 e Priests 
Letter. .was soon after exploded by tl 2 Priests own ‘contes- 
sion. 1764 Mem. G. Psalmanazar 203, 1 was farther hired 
to explode their doctrine of predestination. byt H. 
Watrote Vertue’s Anecd, Paint. (1786) 11. 173 The famous 


icit; distinct- | 


1 Cr. 


438 


1846 Wricut Ess. Mid. Aas 1. iii, 97 Their exist- 
tirely exploded the notion that Leg na 
never p any native Lipvow Liem. 
Relig. i. 30 When the idol has been pulverized and the lie 
is expl . _ 1881 Wittiamson in Nature No. 626. 607, I 
thought that I had thoroughly exploded that fallacy. 
a. To drive forth (air); to emit. b. To 

drive out with violence and sudden noise. Ods. 

&. 1660 Bovte New. Exp. Phys. Mech. 352 The inspired 
Air..when ’tis exploded, $s them away with it self. 
1676 H. More Remarks 74 The smallest c! Gun- 

wder will..explode the Bullet with equal force. 1731 E. 

AYNARD Health (1740) 28 That air again the lungs explode 

en ro! of its nitrous load. 

b. 1671 R. Bonun Wind 300 These Raging Minerals. .are 
exploded with the greatest violence. Pior Staffordsh. 
(1686) 15 The effects of Lightning, exploded from the Clouds. 
1712 BLackmore Creation v. (ed, 2)257 The kindled Powder 
did explode The massy Bal 


in Jounson. 
Soutuey Esfrielia’s Lett. 


l. 1755 1807 
III. 324 Pieces of this [earth- 
coal] are frequently exploded into the room. 1813 SourHey 


Nelson (1844) 154 The vast height to which they [masts] had | 


been exploded. 1826 [see Exrtopep £/. a. 3). 

5. intr. To ‘go off’ with a loud noise. Of gas, 
gunpowder, etc. : To expand violently with a loud 
report under the influence of suddenly developed 
internal energy; hence, of a charged jar, mine, 
Of a boiler, gun, etc.: To fly in pieces, burst, 
from a similar cause. 

179 Govv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) II. 96 
All Europe is like a mine ready to explode. 1816 J. SmiTH 
Panorama Sc. & Art 11. 232 Let one ball .. touch the ball 


| ploders. 


EXPLOIT. 
a d, ¢, anos * ‘check’, ‘mute’, or 


1861 Proc. Amer, Phil. Soc. VII. 371 The 


impact. 
(eksplowdar). [f. EXPLODE + -ER1.] 
One who, or that which, 
+1. One who rejects (a doctrine, etc.) ; one who 
denies the existence of (something). Ods. 


H. More /mmort. Soul (1662) 39 Mr. Hobbs, that 
coat of imenctenial, Gekaianess out af ate 


age hath prod xploders 
terial Substances. a Serm. (1737) V1. vii. 276 
Scandal plod doctrine of passive obedience. 

2. —_ —- » ete. 

x . Brown Hore Subs. (1882) Mighty expiscators 
Phy EA ms of myths. =o ew 

3. Something which bursts with a loud noise. 

1858 Greener Gunnery 238 Things. .called guns. Pocket 
volcanoes would be a fitter title, or portable exploders. 

4. That which causes explosion; a contrivance 
for exploding gunpowder, etc. 

1874 wiGut Dict. Mech. 1. 853/2 The gun..has.. the 
needle-exploder and bolt breech. 1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. 
VI. 359 For mining, electric fuses are used, called also ex- 

1884 A. res Hake Chinese Gordon x, 254 Firing a 


| gun 150 yards off with a magnetic exploder. 


of the charged jar. .the jar will then of course explode. 1858 | 


GREENER Gunnery 281 Place upon a plate a few grains of 
powder..As the plate becomes heated . the whole explodes. 
= Tynpatt Fragm. Sc. 1, x. 319 They [rockets] exploded 
with a very loud report in the air. 

b. transf. and fig. 

1817 Lp. CastLEREAGH in Parl. Deb. 279 A desperate con- 
spiracy..which had..exploded already. 1840 De Quincey 
Wks. (1862) X. 179 We. .rushed down forty-five stairs, and 
exploded from the house with a fury, etc. 1867 Baker 
Albert N'yanza I, 280 The effect produced made the 
crowd .. explode with laughter. 1888 BurGon 12 Gd. Men 
II. v. 63 Conscious that I must certainly explode if he kept 
me for another half-minute. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon 
1. 63 ‘Confound him !’ or some stronger expletive exploded 
from the Earl's lips. 

e. Phys. To break out or burst forth znzéo. 

1882 E. G. Lorine in Alien. & Neurol. (1887) VIII. 130 
The irritation..may .. develop gradually, or explode sud- 
denly, into an actual inflammation. 

6. ¢rvans. To cause (a gas, gunpowder, also a 
magazine, mine, etc.) to ‘go off’ with a loud 
noise; to ‘ blow up’. 

1794 SuLtivan View Nat. I. 192 In an exhausted receiver 
. neither can a bell be heard. .nor gun-powder be exploded. 
1 T. THomson Chem. (ed. 3) 11. 110 When oxygen and 
hydrogen gasareexploded. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 11. 762 The 
gun-cotton was exploded under the pressure of a confined 
space. 1890 Sfectator 15 May, On Tuesday night, Lord 
Randolph Churchill exploded his little mine. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. 

1822, 1832 [see CATAMARAN 2]. 1842 S. R. MartLanp Notes 
Foxe's Martyrs 1. Mr. Cattley .. exploded all this conceit 
and insolence upon a matter which, etc. 1850 Reppinc 
Yesterday & To-day (1863) 111, 42 So he took out his snuff- 
box, once more at his ease, Inhaled a full pinch, and ex- 
ploded a sneeze. 1864 Lowe. Fireside Trav. 256 They 


| [Italians] explode each other on mere contact .. like two 


| -ED!, 


| from exploded plays. 1 


hostile gases. 1878 Simpson Sch. Shaks. 1. 11 The plot was 
exploded by the committal of Somerset. .to the Tower. 
loded (ekspléwded), a7. a. [f. prec. + 
In senses of the verb. 
+1. That has been hissed off the stage. Ods. 
1713 Swirt Cadenus §& V. Wks. 1755 UI. 1. 13 Fustian 
-81 Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. 
IV. 81 After the 7hree Hours after Marriage had been 
driven off the stage .. while the exploded scene was yet 
fresh in memory. ; 
2. Held in contempt; rejected, scouted. Also 
in weaker sense, disused, out of fashion. (Said of 


customs, opinions, etc. ; rarely of persons.) 


1626 Massincer Aom. Actor tv. i, To putin an exploded 
plea In the court of Venus. 1710 Sreete 7atler No. 58 
pr 2A Thing so exploded as speaking hard Words. 1 
Burke /r, Rev. 36 A conflict with some of those exploded 
fanatics of sepa’ 1 Bepvors Catarrh 160 ‘The ex- 
ploded theories of Boerhaave or Cullen, 1868 Mian S¢. 
Paul's xix. 486 When mercy was on all sides an exploded 
virtue, he dared to be merciful. 1879 MeCarruy Own 
Times U1. xxiii. 185 The time .. gone by when st 
exploded politics could even interest the le. 

+b. Of a material object: Discarded, disused ; 
out of fashion. Ods. 

1823 Lams Eéia Ser. 1. xviii. 194 The little cool ay 
— — = loded cherubs — 1829 io - 
gallee i ) owager’s now ex’ pair of pockets. 

+3. an forth with violence and sudden noise. 

1826 Disrarii Viv. Grey vi. i, The exploded cork whizzed 
through the air. 

4. In sense 6 of the verb. 

1858 Greener Gunnery 209 Conical form being best suited 
oe <i action of the exploded fluid. 
fs. 1876 Hottanp Sev. Oaks viii. 109 It had been. .occu- 
pied for a year or two by an —— millionaire. 

lodent (eksplawdént). Phonetics. [ad. L. 
explodent-em, pr. ree of explodére to Exptone.] 
A consonant-sound produced by the sudden escape 
of breath after the closure of the oral passage (as 


| Metaphysical argument agai 


various senses. 

1665 GLANVILL Scefs. Sci. Addr. 13 The confident — 
ing of all immaterial poner nang Tbid. rH Our Author's 
a (the lodi 


i (chaplesiad, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. 
action of the verb ExpLopE in 


which he thinks so necessary). 
b. attrib. 

1822 Imison Sc. §& Art II. 15 These instruments are called 
exploding tubes. 1881 Greener Gun 336 The tumbler strikes 
an exploding-pin screwed into the breech. 

Exploding, ///. 2. 


ff as prec. +-1NG?.] That 
explodes. ta. That 


rives away with scorn. 


| b. That causes a loud and sudden noise. ec. That 


| xxxvii. (1856) 337 The howling, the cl 


flies into pieces with loud report. 

1667 Mitton P. L. x. 546 Thus with th’ use they 
meant, Turnd to exploding hiss. Kane Grinnell Exp. 
tering, the exploding 
din. Academy 23 June 444/1 That tree .. has the air 
of an exploding shell. 


Exploit (cksploit), sd. Forms: 4 esploit(e, 5 


| explait, expleyte, 5-7 exployt(e, (6 exploicte), 


6- exploit. [a. OFr. esplait, esploit m., esploite 
fem., and their refashioned forms exf/oit, exploite, 
etc. =Pr. espleit m., esplecha fem, :—vulgar L. *ex- 
plictum, explicta (med.L. esplectum, expletum n., 
explecta fem.), L. explicitum, explicita, neut. and 
fem. pples. of explicare: see Exriicate. The 
etymological sense is thus ‘something unfolded, 
brought out, or put forth’; the action of unfolding 
or developing.] 

+1. Advantage, progress, speed, success; fur- 
therance. Const. of. To make exploit: to make 
speed, to meet with success. Ods. 

1393 Gower Conf. II, 258 The sail goth uP and forth they 
straught, But none esploit therof they caught. cxgoo Destr. 
Troy 3661 For explait of pere spede, pai spekyn in fere To 
chese are 1430 Lyvc. Chron. 7 roy. vi, For 
he full sory was withouten dread, Of the expleyte and of 


the Of this Iason. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. 
clxxvi. 173 Of whose exployt or myne auctour maketh 
no mensyon. 1g25§ Lo. Berners Froiss. 11. xci. (Ixxxvii.) 
272 His am hadde made no better ex: 


+ 2. The endeavour to gain advantage or mastery 
over (a person or place) ; an attempt to ca’ or 
subdue ; hence, a military or naval expedition or 
enterprise. +/n exploit: in action or combat. Oés. 

1483 Caxton Gold. . 87/4 He began to helpe them in 
theyr ag of the see anon the tempest cessed. 
Fardle Facions u. iii. 133 Thei prophecied. . vnto A! 
victory, when he made hs exploicte to jus. 160% 
—= ae ® 4g ave ae I eng apn —_ some 

uy Sa) t inexplort. @ . AYWARD 
pment Four ¥. Bis. Gig sg the aptai Pn nd 

ideration all the for loit of the towne, 1692 
Captain Mees .. has 
1755 SMOLLETT Onix. 

en such an ex- 


Lutrr ief Rel. Il. 49 

erent rosie A usin 

(1803) II, 24 The glory of having 

ploit no +-can impair. 

b. An manentee, project. vare (after mod.F,), 
i special édlat to oo hone wie 

wl 5 odleched himself. : 

3. An act or deed; a feat; in modern use, an 
achievement displaying a brilliant degree of bravery 
or skill. 

¢1538 R. Cowtey in Ellis Orig. Leté. 11. 126 I. 96 They 


Rich WE, walk “5 Whom corupting Cold Will emp ‘nto 
a close it of Death. 1610 Heatey S?. Aug. mt 
enna De Fae ey rate Hr Fe 
1868 EF. Eowarps Raleigh I. vii. 110 's exploits strung 


the patriotism. .of the sailors to a lofty pitch. 1879 Froupe 


EXPLOIT. 


Cesar xix. 308 The ——— of Gaul had. been an exploit of 
extraordinary military difficulty, 

+4. Carrying out, execution, performance. 70 
put in exploit : to put in practice. Obs. 

1s8r J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor, 213 If .. the whole 
exployt of thinges be governed by hym. 1599 Sanpys 
Europe Spec. (1632)75 A..Captaine, who scornes to imitate 
any stratageme .. used by the enemy, though the putting 
it in exploit might give him assured victory. - 

5. Zaw. A citation or summons; a writ. Cf. 
Fr. exploit. Obs. 

[16rx Cotcr., Axfploict .. an adiournement or citation.] 
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 457 Any summons or ar- 
rest, exploit or assignement, 1682 WARBURTON /ist. Guern- 
sey (1822) 82 Exploits, which is the adjourning or citing of 
such persons, against whom any action is brought. 

Exploit (eksploit), v7. Forms: 4 expleiten, 
5 expleyt, explite, 5-7 exploite, -yte, 6- ex- 
ploit. [ad. Fr. exploit-er =Pr. explettar, explectar 
iL. *explicitare, freq. of explicare: see EXpPut- 
CATE. Sense 4 is a recent adoption of the mod. vb.] 

+1. trans. To accomplish, achieve, execute, per- 
form ; to fight (a battle). Ods. 


¢1400 Rom. Rose 6177, 1 dwelle with hem..That worship of | 


this world coveiten, And grete nede kunnen expleiten. c 1430 
Lypc. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 218 Massageres. .T’expleyte 
the journeal tymes ofthe yeere. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 362/2 
They knewe wel that they shold no thyng exployte of their 
entente. ¢1500 Medusinve 81, I ordeyne the bataill to be to 
morow exploited. 153x Etyor Gov. 1. xxvi, They departed 
without exploytinge their message. 1577-87 Ho insuHEp 
Chron, (1806) I. 502 P. Turpilianus .. sat still without ex- 
ploiting anie notable enterprise. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. 
Brit. 1X. xi. § 47 It is euident, that these tragedies against the 
Lords were exployted by others. 1674 Lond. Gaz. No.882/4 
We doubt not.. but something considerable will be exploited 
by them. 1687 A. Lovett tr. Bergerac’s Com. Hist. 1. 127 
he first thing they exploited, was to distribute my Body 
among them into several Provinces, 1775 in Asu. 
+b. Zo exploit out: to achieve the expulsion of. 
¢ 1525 SKELTON Sf. Parrot 307 To exployte the man owte 


of the mone. 
2. +a. ref. To apply, exert oneself. Cf. OFr. 


Sexploiter. Obs. 


1490 Caxton Exeydos xxvi. 95 Why consumest thy self | 


slepynge without exploityng the in thy vyage. 1530 Patscr. 
542/1 They exployted them so faste that within shorte space 
they came to their journayes ende. 

+b. zxtr. To act with effect ; to get on, prosper, 
speed. Also in zwfers. pass. Obs. 

1477 CaxTon ¥ason 106, Peleus .. not knowing how he 
might exploite for to attayne to execute his dampnable 
enuye. /did. 66 If I abode here I should not exployte but 
lose my tyme. cx1g00 AMedusine 188 The knight .. reherced 
to them how he had exployted. 1592 WyRLEY Armorie 154 
Some did to me vnfold .. how at Arde Gomigines did hold, 
Exploiting well. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 384 
During the minoritie of this King Richard..brauely was 
it exployted in Fraunce by his Agents. 

+3. trans. ? To cause to succeed, prosper. Ods. 

c1430 Lypc. Lyfe our Ladye (Caxton) Cva, Let thy grace 
to me descende .. My rude tunge to explite and spede. 

4. To ‘work’ (a mine, etc.) ; to turn to industrial 
account (natural resources). b. ¢vansf. To utilize 
for one’s own ends, treat selfishly as mere workable 
material (persons, etc.) ; to ‘ make capital out of’. 

1838 New Monthly Mag. LIII. 306 The Humbughausens 
. have exploited the obscure (to use a French phrase where 
we have no proper equivalent) with .. profit. 1847 Mrs. 
CaryLe Lett. IL, 25 Exploiting that poor girl for their idle 
purposes of curiosity. 1865 E, ArNoLp in Reader No. 115. 
282/1 In exploiting mineral resources. 1878 Print. Trades 
¥rnl. xx. 7 The great German naturalist .. finds himself 
coolly exploited by a Paris publisher. 1888 Westm. Rev. 
July 58 An association of capitalist shareholders, exploiting 
their wage-paid labourers. 1890 Nature 6 Feb. 313 Euro- 
pean exiles. .were then..exploiting the riches of the East. 

5. zntr. To conduct mining operations for. 

1887 Pop. Sct. Monthly, Apr. XXX. 857 Some two years 
ago a Belgian engineer proposed to exploit for petroleum. 

Hence Exploi'ted, Exploi‘ting //. a. and vl. sb. 

1883 Pall Mall G. 28 Aug. 1/1 The ? ag +. attracting to 
themselves alone the animosity which is deserved by the 
whole ‘ exploiting’ class. 1887 /did. 20 Aug. 4/2 There is no 
such exploited class as trained nurses in fashionable ‘ institu- 
tions’. on T. Kirkure Jug. Socialism iii. 87 The domineer- 
ing and exploiting spirit. 

Exploi-table, a. [f. prec. +-ABLE.] 

+a. Capable of being accomplished. Ods. 
Capable of being exploited (in sense 4b). 

1611 Corcr., Exploitable .. readie to be performed, easie 
to be done. 1887 tr. Marx’ Capital 11. xxv. 633 This excess 
of capital .. es exploitable labour-power sufficient. 

Exploi‘tage. [f. as prec. +-AGE.] = next. 

6843 phen & Daughter I11. xxiii. 35 He would not 
lend himself to exploitage. 1884 W. Morris in Century 
Mag. July (1886) 397 It [profit-sharing] would do nothing 
toward the extinction of exploitage. 

P Fr. ex- 


b. 


Exploitation (eksploitzi-fon). 
ploitation, f. exploiter : see EXPLOIT v. 

1. The action of exploiting or turning to account ; 
productive working or profitable management (of 
mines, cattle, etc.). Also, an instance of this. 

1803 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. I. 362 Similar proofs of the 
deficient commercial exploitation of these colonies _per- 
petually occur. 1825 New Monthly Mag. XIII. 588 Clear 
evidence of success, wanting to all other ‘exploitations’ 
(excuse the gallicism). 1836 Blackw. Mag. XL. 766 What 
is to be the next exploitation of genius? Travels? 188 
P. Geppves in Nature No. 622. 534 The second .. inquires 
whether the exploitation of plants or animals be more profit- 


439 


able in the given society. 1885 A, J. Evans in Archaeol. 
XLIX. 8 Cities..owed their rise..to the exploitation of the 
mineral wealth of the province. 

b. The action of turning to account for selfish 
purposes, using for one’s own profit. 

(1844 M. HENNELL Social Syst. 108 Slavery, the use of 
man by man (exploitation) was the reigning principle of 
society in its first stages.] 1857 O. Brownson Convert Wks. 
V. 116 A poor man .. becoming rich by trade, speculation, 
or the successful exploitation of labour. 1868 Pal? Madi G. 
No. 1017. 1827/2 The exploitation of the credulous public. 
1877 Mrs. OuipHant Makers Flor. ix. 225 Their whole 
existence [was] an exploitation of the helpless people they 
reigned over. 1887 L. OuirHant Fashionable Philos. 33 The 
aoe and subjugation of Eastern countries. 

. The action of reconnoitring. 

1871 Daily News 18 Sept., It surely indicated lax exploit- 
ation that the advance column should have blindly butted 
its head against this broken bridge. 

Exploitative (eksploitativ), a. rare. [f. Ex- 
PLOIT v. + -ATIVE] Concerned with exploiting or 
turning to account natural resources. 

1885 Century Mag. X XIX. 363 ‘ Industries’, divided into 
‘Exploitative’ and ‘ Elaborative’ groups. 

Exploiter (eksploi-te1), sé. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who exploits. a. One who turns to account. 
b. One who turns to account for selfish purposes. 

&. 1870 Nation (N. Y.) 10 Mar. X. 152/2 Happy mining 
company .. these fortunate exploiters. 1890 A/oxtreal 
Weekly Gaz. 11 Sept. 4/1 The coal seam opened lay on the 
north side of Cow Bay, and a considerable trade was carried 
on between the French exploiters, and. .the West Indies. 

b. 1870 Nation (N.Y.) 17 Feb. X. 101/2 The pockets of all 
the railroad exploiters .. have .. been crammed with public 
money. 1883 A thenxumi 24 Feb. 245 That shrewd and often 
not ungentle character whom his ‘exploiters’ malign as 
Hodge. 1887 T. Kirkup Jug. Socéalisuz iii. 86 The capitalists 
and exploiters of the new industrial era. 

Exploi-ter, v. [a. Fr. exploiter: see EXPLoIr v. 
(the inf. being irregularly adopted instead of the 


stem).] ¢vans. To make use of, develop, turn to 
account. Hence Exploi‘terer. 
1853 T. Parker 7he7si, etc. Introd. 41 It is sad to see.. 


disciples of this church .. exploitered by a twofold jesuitry. 
1864 Fraser's Mag. Apr. 406 It .. [the idea of the Book of 
Snobs] was repeated, diversified, and—to use an American 
adaptation of a French word..—‘exploitered’, till it became 
rather wearisome. 1864 G. Dycr Bella Donna I. 48 Every 
proprietress of a ‘banner screen’ invariably determined to 
exploiter her work by the agency of the lottery-ticket. 1868 
Yates Rock Ahead u. ii, The probable profits which would 
accrue were he to exploiter her musical talent. 1853 ‘T. 
Parker Theism, etc. (1863) 67 The God of the popular theo- 
logy is the exploiterer of the human race. 

Exploiting (cksploi'tin), v4/. 5d. [f. Expiorr v. 
+-1NG!,] The action of the vb. Export, 

a. in senses of the vb. b. see quot. 1867. 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 922 Having contributed 
(for the exploiting of this service) two thousand dragmes 
weight in silver. 1605 Campen Rem. 18 And left more 
of glory to vs by their exploiting of great actes. 1615, 
W. Hutt Mirr. Maiestie 23 The..exployting of any thing 
tending to the promoting of the Romish brethren, 1867 
Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., Exploiting, transporting trees or 
timber by ariver. 1890 Nature 18 Sept., They. .think too 
much of competition as the exploiting of labour by capital. 

Exploiture (eksploititi). [f. Expnorr v. + 
-URE.] The action of the vb. Export. 

+1. The action of achieving or accomplishing. 
Const. of. Also, a performance ; and collect. what 
has been accomplished. Ods. 

1531 Exyor Gov. 1. xi, The Commentaries of Julius Cesar 
whiche he made of his exploiture in Fraunce and Brytayne. 
Ibid, 11. x, In his counsayles, affaires, and exploytures, he 
omitted notyme. c1534tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) 
I. 18 Paulinus finished not there his exploitures with such 
facilitie. 1548 UpaLL. etc. Evasm. Par, Mark ix. 67 Whose 
seruice thou canst not lacke for thexploiture of such affaires. 

2. In mod. use: The action of exploiting or de- 
veloping. 

1883 Harper's Mag. Sept. 554/2 A plot..was never so old 
but that it rewarded some further exploiture by Marion. 

Explo‘rable, a. vare—'. [a. F. explorable, 
f, explorer: see EXPLORE ¥.+-ABLE.] Capable of 
being explored. 

1 4 Tucker Lt, Nat. (1852) II. 677 The intricate ways 
of Providence explorable only by the all-seeing eye. 

+Explorate, //. a. Ods. rare. [a. L. ex- 
plorat-us pa.pple. of explorare: see EXPLORE.] 
Thoroughly examined, carefully prepared. 

1655 W. Howin Sir 7. Browne's Wks. (1852) III. 517 Any 
of your mature explorate additions. 

+ E:xplorate, v. Ods. [f. L. explorat- ppl. stem 
of explorare : see EXPLORE.] = EXPLORE, 

1549 Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. iii, The twelve 
princes that were sent to explorate and search the privities 
and condition of the land of Canaan. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. wi. xx. 155 Snails .. exclude their hornes, and 
therewith explorate their way. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

Exploration (ecksploréi‘fan). [ad. L. explora- 
tidn-em, n. of action f. explordre to EXPLORE. ] 

+1. The action of examining; investigation, 
scrutiny. Ods. 

1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VII, c. 10 Sir William Bowyer .. by 
diligente searche and exploration founde out dyuers greatte 
and plentyfull sprynges, at Hampsted heath. 1602 Fut- 
BECKE 1st Pt, Parall, Introd. 5 Men..who might by explo- 
ration seuer the dross from the gold, 1646 Sir T, Browne 
Pseud, Ep. v. xxi. § 20. 271 (The use of the divining rod] is 
a fruitlesse exploration, strongly senting of Pagan deriva- 


EXPLORATORY. 


tion, a 1655 Vines Lord’s Supp. (1677) 413 The exploration 
..of their competency. 16g0 Boye Med. Hydrostat. Wks. 
1772 V. 463 Our hydrostatical way of exploration. 

b. Med. and Surg. The examination of an organ, 
a wound, etc. by the use of the finger, probe, or 
other physical appliance. 

1860 in Mayne Exp. Lex. 1880 W. Bopennamer (¢it/e) The 
Physical Exploration of the Rectum. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

2. The action of exploring (a country, district, 
place, etc.) ; an instance of this. Also ¢ransf. 

1823 Lams Eiia, Praise Chimney-sweepers 257 A lost 
chimney sweeper..tired with his tedious explorations. .laid 
his black head upon the pillow. 1872 JENKINSON Guide 
Eng. Lakes (1879) 299 This side of the Scawfell Pikes is 
deserving exploration. 1880 Haucuton Phys. Geog. v. 222 
The exploration of the sources of the Blue Nile. 

attrib, 1891 Pall MallG. 11 Nov. 5/2 Mr. H. M. Stanley 
+. would resume exploration work in Africa. 

Explorative (eksploerativ), a. [f. L. explorat- 
(see EXPLORATE) + -IVE. Cf. F. exploratif, -2ve.] 
Concerned with, or having the object of, explora- 
tion or investigation; inclined to make explorations. 

1738 Warsurton Diz. Legat. App. 63 Albinus. .divides 
Plato’s Dialogues into Classes..explorative, obstetric and 
subversive. 1852 /’raser’s Mag. XLV. 664 Should the 
visitor be of a very inquisitive turn, he may satisfy his 
explorative disposition. 1875 Masson Wordsworth, etc. 172 
A Wordsworth, he admits, might have a genius of the ex- 
plorative or mystery-piercing kind. 1887 Daily News 16 
Noy. 5/6 An explorative operation in May would have 
enabled the physicians to recognise the existence of cancer. 
1890 Pall Mal/G. 8 Aug. 4/2 Few men of his age have done 
so much explorative tramping. 

Hence Explo‘ratively adv. Explo‘rativeness. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 11. 1. i, Behoves us, not to enter 
exploratively its dim embroiled deeps, 1841 Blackw. Mag. 
L. 155 To prevent your snout, in a fit of explorativeness, 
from being snubbed by the impudent claws of a. .rock. 

Explorator (eksplorei:tar), Also 5-6 -our. 
[a. L. explorator f. explordre: see Expiore. Cf. F. 
explorateuy.] One who or that which explores. 

+1. One who is employed to collect information, 
esp. with regard to an enemy, or an enemy’s 
country ; a scout, a spy. Obs. 

c1450 Burcu Secreevs 2452 Expert in language have ex- 
plo[ra]tourys..to knowe alle ther labourys. c¢ 1450 AZirour 
Saluacioun 2483 Two exploratours..that broght the grape 
clustre to desert fro the lande of promissionne. 1536 BEL- 
LENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 104 Vespasian..was advertist 
by his exploratouris, that Caratak .. had renewit his army. 
1616 Rich Cabinet 68 b, Thus did the explorators of the land 
of Canaan terrifie the Jewes. 1685 Cotton Montaigne III. 
370 Thou art the explorator without knowledge, the magis- 
trate without jurisdiction. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

+b. ¢ransf. One who searches diligently. Ods. 

1583 Excc. for Treason 38 These Seminaries, secrete wan- 
derers, and explorators in the darke. 168x H. HaLtyweL. 
Melampr. 92 This envious Explorator or searcher for faults 
(Satan]. 

2. One who explores (a country) for the purpose 
of discovery. 

1844 NV. Brit. Rev. 1. 145 America has sent forth to the 
Holy Land its best explorators. : 

3. +a. An apparatus invented by Beccaria for 
ascertaining the electrical condition of the atmo- 
sphere (Craig 1847). b. (See quot.) @. Electric 
explorator =‘ electrical explorer’. 

b. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Chest exploratory, an exploring 
needle or trochar used for introduction between the ribs to 
diagnose the presence of empyema. 

[ad. L. ex- 


Exploratory (eksplgrateri), @. 


| ploratori-us, f. explorare: see EXPLORE.] 


1. Of or pertaining to exploration; connected 
with investigation or searching. 

1651 Relig. Wotton. (1685) 507 This is but an exploratory, 
and pretentative purpose between us. 1655 GURNALL Chr 
ix Arm. II. 183/1 When God seems to delay.. before he 
comes with the mercy he promiseth, and we pray for; ’tis 
exploratory to faith. a@1z1r Ken Div. Love Wks. (1838) 
275, I renounce .. all abuse of thy name... in .. exploratory 
lots. 1828 Edin. Rev. XLVIII. 429 Early in this century.. 
remarkable exploratory zeal arose. 1862 MerivaLe Row, 
Emp. (1865) V1. xlviii. 80 A new kind of military chaplet.. 
to which he gave the name of the crown exploratory. 

2. a. Constructed or selected for exploration or 


observation (of the surrounding country). 

1732 Hist. Litt, III. 500 At some distance were also explo- 
ratory Forts. 1774 PENNANT Tour Scot. i 1772, 91 On the 
very summit of the hill is a small intrenchment, intended 
as exploratory. 1807 G. CHaLmers Caledonia I. 1. iv. 167 
The Romans placed several posts, as exploratory forts, along 
the banks of the Forth. i 

b. Undertaken for the sake of exploration, ex- 
amination, or discovery. 

1620 Jas. I in Relig. Wotton. (1685) 495 Your imployment 
is, for the present, meerly exploratory and provisional. 
1692 Br. Hopkins Exp. Lord’s Pr. 123 There is an Ex- 
ploratory Temptation, to search out and discover what is in 
Man, 1825 Soutuey in Q. Rev. XXXII. 25 Herefordshire 
.. a favourite scene of their exploratory travels. 1887 Sir 
S. Fercuson Ogham Inscriptions 17 At present the study 
is exploratory rather than demonstrative. 1891 Spectator 
11 July, An exploratory operation. .to find out whether or 
not it would be possible to remove a tumour. 

e. Charged with the duty of exploration. Also 
(once-use), bent on exploration. 

1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. u. 1v. v, Chalons sends forth ex- 
ploratory pickets of National Volunteers. 1848 Dickens 
Dombey xxiii, An exploratory blackbeetle now and then was 
found immovable upon the stairs. 


EXPLORATRESS. 


+Exploratress. Os. rare—'. [f. Expror- 
ATOR +-ESS.] A female explorer. 

1616 CuarMan Homer's Hymns, To Apollo (1858) 22 All 
Heaven’smost supreme and worthy Goddesses, Dione, Rha, 
and th’ Exploratress Themi 

lore (eksplie1),v. [ad. F. explore-r, ad. L. 
explora-re to search out. 
sually explained as f. ex- out + A/érare to make to flow, 
f. pluére to dow ‘ , : 
. trans. To investigate, seek to ascertain or find 
out (a fact, the condition of anything). Also with 
indirect question as obj. f 

I . Exiz. in Four C. Eng. Lett. 29 Stratagems..by.. 
aes to be explor: 1624 Massincer Renegado 
v. iii, A cunning spy, sent to explore The city’s strength 
or weakness. 1 Drvpen Virg. Georg. u. 47 Let the 
Learned Gard’ner .. Explore the Nature of each sev’ral 
Tree. 1715-20 Pope //iad 1. 84 Let some prophet. . Explore 
the cause bd t Apollo's rage. 1823 Lame //ia Ser. 1. xv. 
(1865) 120 wise what sort of persons inherited Mackery 
End..we..determined some day to explore, 1862 MerivaLe 
Rom, Emp. (1871) V. xlii. 165 The imperator resolved to 
explore, disguised. .the real temper of his soldiers. 

+b. To search for; to find by searching; to 
search out. Ods. 

1615 CHAPMAN os i. 328, I now am bound. .to explore 
My long-lack’d father. 1700 Drypen Fadles, Meleager & 
A. 201 With his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage 
to his heart. 1712 Pore Messiah 51 The good shepherd.. 
Explores the lost, the bigaaain, Shales directs. 1769 
Gotpso. Hist. Rome (1786) I. 255 The Alps, over which he 


was to explore a new passage into Italy. 1822 T. Taytor 
Apuleius 59 Exploring..a fit opportunity. — 
“| To try, make proof of. (A Latinism.) 


1667 Mitton P. L. 11. 632 Satan. .toward the Gates of Hell 
Explores his solitary flight. : : 

2. To look into closely, examine into, scrutinize ; 
to pry into (either a material or immaterial object). 
In later use coloured by association with 3. 

1592 Davies Jmort. Sond (1869) 1.152 Her selfe in instants 
doth all things explore; For each thing’s present. 1729 T. 
Cooke Tales, Proposals, etc. g2 Some auorsenened Fool 
her Eyes explore. 1747 Westey Prim. Physic (1762) p. ix, 
They explored the several Kinds of..vegetable Substances. 
a 1800 Cowrer Mischievous Bull, Wood-peckers explore the 
sides Of rugged oaks for worms. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 
II. v. viii. 683 Of no man..was the public conduct so com- 
pletely explored. 1833 Lame £/éa Ser. u. xi. (1865) 308, I 
digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. 1847 Emerson 
Poems (1857) 179 He looketh seldom in their face, His eyes 
explore the ground. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 440 
note, The Dutch archives have been too little explored. 

b. To examine by touch ; to probe (a wound), 


Cf. ExpLoration 1 b. 

1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 66 The finger is better than 
any instrument to explore some kinds of wounds. 1784 
Cowrer ask 1v. 361 ‘The learned finger never need explore 
‘Thy vig’rous pulse. 1870 Bryant //iad I. 1v. 114 The phy- 
sician must explore thy wound. 

3. esp. To search into or examine (a country, a 
place, etc.) by going through it; to go into or 
range over for the purpose of discovery. 

a 1616 Beaumont Loving at First Sight Poems (1653), Not 
caring to observe the wind Or the new seatoexplore. 1697 
Drypven Virg. Past. w. 41 Another Typhis shall new Seas 
explore. 1733 Pore Ess. Man u1. 105 Who bid the stork, 
Columbus fee, explore Heav'ns nothisown? 178: CowPer 
Retirement 151 The busy race..explore Each creek. 1791 
Boswe ti Yohnson 12 Apr. an. 1783, He..recommended us 
toexplore Wapping. 1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 10 It 
is the old historical lands of Europe that the lover of history 
longs to explore. 1867 Lapy Hersert Cradle L, vii. 194 
We spent a couple of hours. .exploring the ruins, 

Jig. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 235 The Scotch School 
..entered the mind to explore it. 1868 Max Mi.ter Chips 
III. v. 118 He had explored the modern languages of Europe, 

b. zxtr. To conduct operations in search for. 

1872 R. B. Smytu Mining Statist.27 A large expenditure 
of public money in exploring for coal. 

Hence Explored //#/. a. 

~ Lams EZfa (1860) 15 Some rotten archive, rammaged 
out of some seldom-explored press. 

Explorement (eksploe1mént). raze. [f. Ex- 
PLORE Y. + -MENT.] ‘The action of exploring ;= 
EXPLORATION. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Psend, Ef. 11. xiii. 137 The frustrated 
search of Porta, who upon the sf sage of many, could 
never finde one. 1692-1732 in Cores. 1839 G. Darvey 
Introd. Beaum, §& Fletcher's Wks. 1, 15 An author's .. ex- 

lorements and excursions are those into the world of.. 

magination. 

Explorer (ekspl6»raz)._ [f. as prec. + -ER1.] 

1. One who explores (a country or pie 

1740 Warsurton Div. Legat. w. vi. 11. 288 The rt of 
the cowardly Explorers of the land. 1812 Sir R. Witson 
Diary 1. 375 The explorers enter, and immediately find 
themselves in a marble cave, 1848 W. H. Bartierr Egypt 
to Pal. xxvii. (1879) 537 A rich harvest may be awaiting the 
antiquarian explorer [at ey eee? Ly E. A. Bonn Russia 
at Close 16th C, (Hakluyt Soc.) Introd. 19 Anthony Jenkin- 
son, the enterprising explorer of the Persian route to India. 
1860 TynpALt G/ac. 1. i. 8 An explorer of the Alps. 

Jig. 1872 Spurcron Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixiv. 6 
explorers in iniquity. p 

+2. One who or that which examines or tests. 

1684-5 Bovie Min. Waters 40 The extent of this explorer 
of Waters [a Powder] is not very great. ay 

3. An apparatus for a ie or examining : 
Spec. & (see quot. 1874) ; b. an apparatus for ex- 
—- a wound or a cavity in a tooth. 

my niGut Dict, Mech. 1, 817/2 Explorer, pe Bas gr on 
by which the bottom of a body of water is examined, when 


440 


facepiece sp yu Si door banned 9 
po ani r detecting a bullet or other metallic 
"Exploring (chsploerin), OW. sd: [£ as prec 
+-1NGl,] Sctbon of feo wh Exereae aioe 


attrib., as in exploring needle, trochar, surgical 
instruments for ‘ exploring ’ tumours, etc. 
1841-4 Emerson £ss., Manners Wks. (Bohn) I. 203 Our 
‘ing Expedition saw the Feej de f 
their a ’ human paper Fr. A, Kemate Resi 
Georgia 1, 1 went on an ex; ex) round some 
= v3 . Lakes (1879) 326 


distant fields. gat peer Guide 

Deepdale is wild beautiful..and will repa ring. 
1883 Stevenson 7reasure Isi. u. xii. (1886) 96 When you 
want to go a bit of exploring, you just ask John [etc.}. 


1884 Syd. Soc, Lex., Exploring needle, trochar. 
Exploring, #//. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG2.]_ That 


explores, 

1680 Boyie Produc. Chem. Princ. Pref., To doubt whether 

they be agreeable, to. .the ee ene the fire. 
1 Fretcuer Wks. (1795) 11. 43 This life begins by an ex- 
ploring desire, 

Hence Explo‘ringly adv. 

1866 Acer So/lit. Nat. § Man 1. 79 To go exploringly 
forward into the obscure future. i Kerru Hurricane 
in Petticoats 1. viii. 167 Teddy looked at him exploringly, 
as if to test the sincerity of the apology. 

+ Explose, v. Ods. [f. L. exp/ds- ppl. stem of 
explodére to EXPLODE.] = EXPLODE I, 2. 

cr tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 134 Our relli- 
590 ing eche where explosed and contemned. 1 

‘oxE A. & AM. (1596) 25/2 Their doctrine..most worthie to 
be explosed out of all Christian Churches. //d. 32/1 Some 
also reade the Epistle written to Laodicia, but that is ex- 
plosed of all men. 3 

Explosible (ekspléwzib'l), a. [f. L. explas- 
ppl. stem of explodére to EXPLODE + -IBLE. Cf. 
F. explostble.] Capable of being exploded. 

1799 Med. Frni, 11. 361 The air..was found so much 
mixed with atmospheric air, as to be rendered explosible. 
1888 A thenxum 14 Apr. 473 It proved itself to be by no 
means so readily explosible as has usually been supposed. 

Explosion (eksplo-zan). [ad. L. explosion-em, 
n. of action f. explodére to Expiope. Cf. Fr. 
explosion.] The action of exploding. 

+1. The action of treating with scorn, rejecting 
or scouting (a notion, system, etc.) ; rejection. 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Explosion, a casting off or re- 
jecting, a hissingathing out. 1783 Pott Chirurg. Wks. 11. 
8 The explosion of the long continued notion that such 
wounds were poisonous. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 27 
Observation and reason long ago triumphed in its [Ptol ii 
System's] explosion, and universal rejection by the learned. 

. The action of driving out, or of issuing forth, 
with violence and noise; an instance of the same; 


+ spec. a volcanic eruption. 

(1623-6 CockeraM, £-xrf/osion, a driuing out.] 1667 Phil, 
Trans. 11. 601 Producing them [animal Motions) by a kind 
of Explosion or Shooting. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. 
Earth 1. (1723) 157 Those Parts of the Earth which abound 
with Strata of Stone..are the most furiously shatter’d..an 
Event observable not only in this but all pe ben Explosions 
whatever. 1 Newton Oftics ut. i. (1721) 317 In gun- 
powder. .the Spirit of the Nitre being. . rarified into Vapour, 
rushes out with Explosion. .The a eo also. .augments 
the Explosion. 1772 Ann, Reg. 71/2, | am..convinced that 
the whole of it [the soil] has been formed by explosion. 1796 
Morse A mer, Geog. I. 363 The garrison..was alarmed with 
frequent explosions of fire and smoke, emitted from the 
mountain. 1855 Bain Senses & /nt. 1. ii. § 18 (1864) 52 A 
momentary increase of the expiratory force. .so as to amount 
to an explosion, or a shot, which propels the material out of 
the tube. 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids iv. 130 The 


| A kind o 


EXPLOSIVENESS. 
togeties, whee sonic Particles of a didtweant Kind maniaiand 


the i which they are violently expanded, or 
spread forth and into confusion, like the of fired 
3 co pee 1878 Hoteroox Hyg. Brain ife is a con- 
tinual explosion of nerve materia. 1883 Mavostey Body 
4 Will u. iii. 261 The .. complex i of nerve- 
structure is damaged by the intense molecular commotion 
which is the condition of the epileptic explosion. 
4. A breaking or bursting forth into sudden 


activity; an outbreak, outburst (of anger, indig- 


nation, laughter, etc.). 

1817 Corerince Lit. Rem. 1, 51 When novelties explode 
around us in all directions [etc.]. But alas! explosion has 
followed explosion so rapidly that novelty itself ceases to 

Lp, Casttereacn in Parl. Deb. Ng 


which d an 
which had, in point of fact, exploded already. 1827 Scotr 
Hight, Widow, E\spat was for the first i 
of cagchs ye rm 1844 H. Rocers ss. I. ii. go If there 
wae ore ion at all, 1t was an explosion of merriment. 
1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 146 This step was the signal 
for a g 1 explosi Th le .. refused to pay 


taxes. 

Hence Explo’sionist, one who is addicted to 
planning explosions. 

1880 Daily Tel. 13 Nov., In some respects the Nihilist 
explosionists are guiltier than the Plot con- 
ee 1883 Birm. Weekly Post 14 Apr. 4/6 The ex- 
plosionists are quite as well acquainted with the imbecility 
of our laws as with the potency of dynamite. 

losive (ekspléu'siv), a. and sé. [f. L. type 
*explosiv-us, f. explodére to EXPLODE: see -IVE. 
Cf. F. explosif, -ive.] 


P 


ie p ts 


* 1). ; 2 

1. Tending to drive something forth with vio- 
lence and noise. 

1667 Phil. Trans. 11. 601 Upon which Elastick, or Ex- 
plosive power he establish’s his whole Doctrine of Convul- 
sions. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth ut. i. (1723) 157 
atural Gunpowder, which taking fire .. occa- 
sions. .that subterranean Thunder. .and by the Assistance of 
its Explosive Power, renders the Shock much greater. 
1785 in Jounson. 1860 C. G. WitttaMs in Ure Dict. Arts 
(ed. 5)s.v. Gunpowder, The explosive force will be less than 
it should be. Pururs Vesuv. viii. 219 The opening 
once made, the su uent efforts are explosive. 1874 Car- 
PENTER Ment. Phys. 1. i. § 15 (1879) 17 An expulsion of the 
offending particle by an explosive cough. 

2. Driven forth or produced by explosion. 

1738 Tuomson Liberty 1.312 From the red Abyss New 
Hills, explosive, thrown. 

b. Of a consonant-sound: Produced by an ex- 
plosion of breath ; stopped. 

1854 Busunan in Circ. Sc. (c 186s) I. ay ke The explosive 
consonants, 4, d, g, ~, ¢, and &. 1878 W. H. Stone in Grove 
Dict. Mus. 1. 459 Alternating the linguo-dental explosive T 
with another explosive c produced differently. 

3. Tending to explode or ‘go cff’ with a loud 
noise ; tending to cause explosion. 

I Burke Lett. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 60 Democra- 
tick, explosive, insurrecti nitre. 1802 Med. Frui. 
VIII. 307 Towards the end it [air) ap to the ex- 

losive kind. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tomt's C. xxix. 273 

iss Ophelia sat..as if she had swallowed some explosive 
mixture, and was ready to burst. 1884 Sir E. J. Reep in 

use 


| Contemp. Rev. Nov. 617 A limited of exp 
been 


ine ‘he M R y VIII. Ixi Th 
; ERIVALE Rom. Emp. . Ixiv. ror The 
sels cote have dan x2 ive spirit of di 
4. Ofor pertaining to an explosion; of the nature 
of an explosion. 
1844 Dickens Mart. Chuss. liii, He entertained them.. 
with some comic ¢ or other. .so that explosive laughs 
Sean 1856 Kane 


oar” of viscid matter, 


> 4670 Eacnarp Cont. Clergy 35 The right one [word] 
..that at the —s made such a 
J. Graname Sabbath 835 Ten thousa: 


‘oodly report. Lat | 
A times ten thousan: 
voices rise In slow explosion. 


b. Explosive utterance (of a sound). 

© H. Sweet in Philol. Soc. Trans. 471 The initial 
voiceless stops have a stronger explosion than in English. 

3. Of a gas, gunpowder, etc.: The action of 
; going off’ with a loud noise under the influence 
of suddenly developed internal a an instance 
of this; also u of electric disc’ -_ Of a 
boiler, bomb, gun, etc.: The action of suddenly 
bursting or flying in pieces from a similar cause. 

1744 THomsoNn Swnmer 1120 Following slower, in Explo- 
sion vast, The Thunder raises his tremendous voice. 1 
Symmer in Ellis Orig. Lett, n. 495 IV. 453 The explosion 
of this bomb proved to be but the bursting of a bubble. 
¢ 1790 Imison Sch. Arts 1.94 When the discharge [of a glass 
jar, battery, etc.] is considerable, it is often called an ex- 
plosion. 1807 T. THomson Chem, (ed. 3) 11. 15 When elec- 
tric explosions are made to pass mony this gas. 1816 J. 
Smitn Panorama Se, & Art Il. 2 e disc! will fire 
the powder, and the explosion of the latter will throw off 
the roof, Wenster, FE .xplosion (Steam-eng.), the 
shattering of a boiler by a sudden and i , in 
distinction from rupture. | 867 W. W. Suri Coad § Coal- 

ining 134 The dency.. of the results of explosion to 
spread through the entire colliery. 

attrib, 1828 J. M. Sonam Dell Gunner (ed. 2) 81 The 
explosion bulk-head, of three-inch plank. 

a gd resulting noise ; a detonation. 

® Asn. 1865 Encycl. Brit, (ed. 8) 1X. 456 The ex- 
vitdes resembled t discha ‘ge of hundreds of fired 
at once, fed. Didn’t you hear the explosion? Explosi 


were ¢ ly ing from the side- 

Arct. Expl. 1, xxx. 411 Breaking it (the ice) up with an 
explosive puff. 1875 Ure Dict, Arts Il. 761 Gun-cotton 
has about three times the explosive rapidity of der. 


1878 a Physiogr. 109 They combine with explosive 
1 i d to i 


Bisbee 
1. An explosive letter or consonant (see A. 2 b) ; 


" An b I. Tavtor Adphadet IL. viii. § 
see A. . TAYLOR Vv! 2. 

Bengal The yes Pax effort requires that the vowel 

should precede continuants and follow the explosives. 


2. An explosive agua or compound. (See A. 3.) 
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech, 1. 818/1 s. v.. M. Berthelot gives 
«.a table showing the relative force of explosives. 1881 
Raymonp Mining Cor. 8. Vey ban princi, ni cage: used 
er. .ni e' 
a ET ie igre Rapa 
; osively (ckspldwsivli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-LY*.] In an explosive manner; in the manner 
of an explosion ; from or with _—— 
kar pepe dn © ive eth} ol goo 
Ww: i - 
ve the jal. sous Blac. 4 xP Be Our hero. .was.. 


in danger of bursting explosively like an mus- 
ket. i F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. , Soc. 
XXIX. to be articulated so ex- 


E word seems 
plosivel that a stranger would imagine the offended speaker 
S. itting at him, (eksplawsi és) tt 

xplosiveness (ekspléwsivnés). [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being explosive; ten- 


are still heard at intervals. 

ec. transf. (Phys.) 

5 Puituips (ed. Kersey), Z.xflosion, an Action of the 
Animal spirits, whereby the Nerves are suddenly drawn 


cones. to explode. 
I sea? aoe Chew. I, 236 The — Safa 
e en an n 
Stephenson 98 1 tape Bape tthe the Davy lamp becomes 
red-hot from the high explosiveness of the Cas- 
when the 
its 


EXPLOY. 


+ Exploy’, v. 00s.—° 
Expiay,] (See quots.) 

1 Hutoet, Exploye or do a thynge, administro. 
Exploye studye, conferre studium. 

xpoliate, -ation: see EXSPOLIATE, -ATION. 

+ Expo'lish, v. Ods. [ad. L. exfolire (see 
next); assimilated to folish.] trans. To polish 
exquisitely or thoroughly. In quot. adso/. 

1624 Heywoop Gunazk. 269 To polish and expolish, 
paint and staine, Unguents to daube and then wipe out 
againe. ‘ 

+ Expoli‘te, 2. Ods. [ad. L. expolit-us, pa. pple. 
of expolire, f. ex- Gee Ex- gr) + polire to 
Po.tsH.] Thoroughly polished, highly finished. 

1sg2 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 88», All the rest of the 
Charyot. .was of. . Carbuncle. .of an expolite cutting. 

+ Expoli'tion. Obs. [ad. L. expolition-em, n. 
of action f. expolive: see prec.] a. The action of 
polishing. b. het. (see quots.) 

(1589 Putrennam Lng. Poesie 1. xx.(Arb.) 254 [Expolitio] 
doth. .polish our speech and as it were attire it with copious 
and pleasant amplifications and much varietie of sentences, 
allrunning vpon one point and one intent]. 1656-8r BLounr 
Glossogr., Expolition a trimming, polishing or burnishing. 
1 Battey (folio), Z2folition (in Rhetorick), a figure 
whereby the same thing is explained in different phrases, in 
order to shew it more fully. 175x in CHamBers Cycd. 

+Exporne, v. Ods. [ad. L. expon-ére to put 
forth, set forth, display, declare, publish, f. ex- 
out + ponere to put, place. Cf. the cognate Ex- 
POUND, also Expos. (Since 16th c. chiefly Sc. ; 
in earlier use perh. sometimes only a graphic 
variant of expowne ExpounD. )] 

1. zvans. To set forth in words, declare. 

¢1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Machor 1302 (in Horstmann A és. 
Leg. 202) Pat pai.. Pe priwete mare opynly Wald expone 
paime. c1380 Wycur Se/. Wks. III. 433 Ensaumple of 
siche deds exponep best Cristis lawe. 1552 Asp, HamiLton 
Catech, (1884) 28 Christ .. has ratifeit & exponit thame in 
the new law. 1632 in Row’s Hist. Kirk (1842) p. xl, Whilk 
day the ministers of Perth expone and shew to the brethren 
that the town. .had made. .agreement with a schoolmaster. 
[1860 J. Parerson Life § Poems Dunbar 306 We have him 
exponing the salutary change which age had effected]. 

. To set forth the character of; to represent, 


characterize. 

1663 Spatpinc 7voub. Chas. J (1792) I. 200 Taking them 
[the people of Aberdeen] to be worse exponed than they 
were indeed. ies 

2. To expound, explain, interpret. 

c be Gesta Rom. \xiii. 272 (Harl. MS.) They..praide 
him that he wolde declare and expone the versys to hem. 
1549 Contpl. Scot. x. 83 The inglismen exponis the prophesye 
of merlyne to there auen affectione, as the iueis exponit the 
prophesie of cayphas. 1640 Canterd. Self-Convict. 120 His 
path and promise at his coronation to keep the laws, is to 
be exponed of his resolution to make his laws to be keeped 
by others. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. 
(1848) 464 They exponed Scripture and prayed. 

3. To put forth (effort); lay out, expend (money). 

1827 Burgh Rec. Aberd. (Spalding Club 1844) I. 118 ‘The 
mony and proffeit of the said land..nocht to be exponit in 
vothir vssis. 1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) II. 299 The 
King. .hath been always contented. .to expone all his study, 
labour. .treasure [etc.]..for the Pope’s aid. 

4. To expose (a person or thing ¢o danger, etc.). 

1864 Hawarp Exutropius To Rdr. 1 They exponed them- 
selves..to no smal daungers. #1572 Knox Hist. Ref. (1586) 
98 They lying without trench or gabion, were exponed to 
the force of the whole ordinaunce of the sayd castle. a@ 1651 
Catperwoop Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 48 If he so did, he sould 
. .expone religioun to the uttermost danger. 

Exponence (ekspownéns). rare. [f. next: see 
-ENCE.] The function of an exponent of some- 


thing. So also Exponency. 

1880 Daily Tel. 19 Feb., For the vocal exponence of 
[sacred music]..she is exceptionally gifted. 1880 Harper's 
Mag. LX. 908 Streets and avenues, squares and rows, 
enough to require the exponency of a good-sized directory. 

xponent (eksponent), a. and sé. [ad. L. 
exponent-em, pr. pple. of exponére: see Ex- 
PONE v.] ; 

A. adj. That sets forth or interprets. In Logic, 
of a proposition. 

_ J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 111 The..same rule 
..framyng a sounde and probable Argument from the pro- 
position Exponent, to the Exclusive. 1847 Sir W. Hamt.- 
ton Let,.De Morgan 6 The doctrine of which the require- 
ments were exponent. ‘ 

B. sd. One who or that which sets forth. 

1. One who sets forth in words, expounds, or 
interprets; in recent use occas. one who ‘ inter- 
prets’ music, an executant. Also, that which 
serves to explain or interpret. 

1812 CoLeripce in Southey’s Omniana 11. 12 Whatever is 
common to all languages..must be the Exponent and Con- 
sequent of the common consciousness of man. 1834 H. N. 
Cotrermce Grk. Poets (ed. 2) 28 One of those tongues — 
be an imperfect exponent of the other. 1841 Myers Cath. 
Th. W. XXxi, 322 aes Christ is the clearest exponent of 
His own purposes. 1856 Froupe Hist, Eng. (1858) II. vi. 
13 This form of discontent found its exponent in John 
Wycliffe. 1875 Ousetey Mus. Forme ii. 27 Vocal music is 
very dependant on the words to which it is set, and of 
which it should be the exponent. 

2. Math, a. Algebra. A symbol denoting the 
number of times a particular quantity is to be 
taken as a factor to produce the power indicated ; 
an index. It is now written as a small letter or 


Vou, III. 


In 6 exploye. [var. of 


| 


441 


figure at the right hand of and above the symbol of 
the quantity affected by it. +b. Zxponent of the 
Ratio (see quot. 1706). @. Physics. Hxponent of 
Refraction : = ‘index’ or ‘coefficient’ of refrac- 
tion (? ods.). 

1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), Exponent of the Ratio or Pro- 
portion between two Numbers or Quantities, is the Quotient 
arising, when the Antecedent is divided by the Consequent. 
Thus 6 is the Exponent of the Ratio that 30 has to 5. 1734 
BerkELEY Analyst § 45 We may often observe that the 
Exponents of Fluxions..are confounded with the Fluxions 
themselves, 1807 Hutton Course Math. 11. 283 Whether 
the exponent be positive or negative, integral or fractional. 
1859 Barn. Smitu Avith. § Algebra (ed. 6) 198 The figures 
3 .-m..are called Exponents. 

- He who or that which sets forth as a repre- 
sentative or type, as a symbol or index. 

1825 CoLERIDGE A7ds Reft. (1848) I. 260 To one or other 
of these four heads all the numerous forms and exponents 
of Christ’s mediation in St. Paul’s writings may be referred. 
1833 Hr. Martineau /r. Wines & Pol. ix. 145 Price is the 
exponent of exchangeable value. 1842 W. Grove Corr. 
Phys. Forces 25 The motion of the mass becomes the ex- 
ponent of the amount of heat of the molecules. 1880 L. 
STEPHEN i v. 135 Theobald. as a plodding antiquarian, 
was an excellent exponent of dullness. 

Exponential (eksponenfal), a and sd. [f. 
prec. +-(1)AL.] A. adj. 

1. That has the function of setting forth or ex- 
hibiting. rare. 

1730-6 in Battery (folio). 1809-0 CoreripGe, Friend 
(1818) III. 185 Where the hypothesis is an exponential image 
. of an idea, . 

2. Math. Involving the unknown quantity or 
variable as an exponent, or as part of an exponent. 
So exponential equation, function, quantity, etc. 

Exponential curve, one expressed by an exponential 
equation. + Z. calculus: see quot. 1796. &. series, the in- 
finite series r++ }22+ 4.x etc. ; Z. theorem, the theorem 
that the value of e* (the ‘exponential’, or Napierian anti- 
logarithm, of *) is expressed by this series. 

1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. 11. s.v., Exponential curves are 
such as partake both of the nature of Algebraick and Tran- 
scendent ones. 1715 Phil. Trans. XX1X. 212 These Equa- 
tions he now calls Exponential. 1739 ANDERSON in Rigaud 
Corr. Sci. Men (1841) I. 342. The exponential equation 
at=d, 1784 Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 401 P iseither analge- 
braical, exponential, or fluential fluxion of 1. 1796 Hutton 
Math. Dict., Exponential Calculus the method of differ- 
encing or finding the fluxions of Exponential quantities, and 
of summing up those differences or finding their fluents. 
1881 Maxwe i Electr. §& Magn. 1. 221 We call the exponen- 
tial quantity. .the hyperbolic cosine of B. 

B. sd. Math, An exponential quantity or func- 
tion; spec. the Napierian base e raised to the 
power denoted by the variable; the Napierian 
antilogarithm of the variable. 

1784 Warine in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 395 When the 
terms are exponentials of superior orders. 1833 Sir W. 
R. Hamitton in R. P. Graves Life II. 58 My extension of 
Herschel’s theorem for the development of functions of ex- 

onentials. 1885 A thenzumt 11 July 52/1 The discussion of 
fegarithine and exponentials by means of the properties of 
the logarithmic spiral. 

+Exponer. Ols. [f. Expone+-ER1.] One 
who sets forth ; an expounder. 

1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 50 Ane keipar, and ane 
exponer of the veritie. 

Exponible (ekspdunib’l), a. and sd. [ad. med. 
L. exponibilis, f. exponére: see EXPONE and -BLE.] 

A. adj. That admits of or requires explanation ; 
spec. in Logic, of a proposition, that requires re- 
statement in order to be employed in a syllogism. 

{a 1276 Petrus Hispanus vii. 6. 1 in Prantl Geschichte 
der Logik (1861) 111. 67 2, Propositio exponibilis est pro- 
positio habens sensum obscurum expositione indigentem). 
1788 Reiw Aristotle's Log. iv. § 7. 101 Such propositions are 
by some called exponible, by others imperfectly modal. 

B. sb. An exponible proposition. 

1869 J. Sanrorp tr. Agrifpa’s Van. Artes 22b, Of Con- 
sequences, of Indissolubles, of Exponibles. 1653 Urqunart. 
Rabelais t, viii, The exponibles of Master Hautechaussade. 
1864 Bowen Logic v. 145 The latter [Compound Proposi- 
tions in which the plurality of Judgments is concealed] are 
called Exponibles, because they need to be analyzed and 
explained, 

+ Exporre‘ct, #77. a. Obs. [ad. L. exporrect-us, 
pa. pple. of exporrigére, f. ex- out +porrigére to 
stretch out, f. por- = pro- forth +regére to keep 
straight.] Stretched out; (of the forehead) un- 
wrinkled. 

1649 Butwer Pathonryot. 11. ii. 109 The forehead seemes 
exporrect and unfolded. 

+Exporre'cted, #//.a. Ods. = prec. 

1650 Butwer Anthropomet.i,19 The Brain is ..a little 
exporrected in length. Jé7d. iii. 62 The people..use great 
care to have exporrected foreheads. /6/d. vii. 129 The Face 
..is more exporrected according to latitude then longitude. 


+Exporre'ction. 00s. rare—'. f . of action 
f. L. exporrigére; see Exporrect.] (See quot.) 


1697 J. SercEant Solid Philos. 104 Let them take Exten- 
sion, Stretching out, or Exporrection how they will. 


xt (ekspoe1t), v. [ad. (either directly or 
through Fr. exporter) L. export-dre, f. ex- out + 
portdre to carry : see Port v.] 
+1. trans. (gen.) To carry (things or persons) out 
of a place ; to take away, carry off. Also fig. Obs. 


(The sense of the two first quots. is obscure.) 


EXPORTATION, 


¢ 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 458 Swych desepcyouns, potyt 
peynes to exsport, prynt yow in sportes whych best doth 
yow plese, 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 81 Thensuyng saying .. 
Gracian exporteth and fathereth upon Austyne. a@ 1612 
Donne Bradavaros (1644) 133 Paulinus. .delivered himselfe 
as a slave to the Vandals, and was exported from Italy to 
Afrique. 1612 Bacon Ess., Followers & Fr.(Arb.) 35 They 
export honour from a man and make him a returne in Enuy. 
1641 Nicholas Papfers(Camden) I. 29 Fowr thousand men to 
bee exported hence for the service of .. forreine Princes, 
1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 319 The Arteries are known to 
export the Blood. 

2. Comm. To send out (commodities of any 
kind) from one country to another. 

1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 179 They might 
export any thing, but Materials for War and Corn. 1672 
Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 57 There are 60 M. [black cattle] 
exported alive, and 30 M. dead in Barrels. 1745 De Foe’s 
Eng. Tradesman Introd. (1841) I, 2 Exporting the growth 
and manufacture of England to other countries. 1841 W. 
Spatpine /taly § It. Is?, 111. 399 Olives .. could always be 
exported without duty. 1845 NeCartoen Taxation i. v. 
(1852) 209 Customs duties were charged. .on all sorts of com- 
modities, whether exported or imported. 

absol. 1776 Apam Situ HW’, N. iv. i. 28 By exporting to 
a greater value than it imported. 1873 C. Ropinson N.S. 
Wales 75 We exported to Great Britain to the value of 
& 30,208,485. 


| b. transf. and fig. 


1760 StERNE Trist, Shandy 290 Susannah was sufficient by 
herself .. in exporting a family secret. 1781 Cowrer £x- 
fostulation 365 Hast thou.. Exported slavery to the con- 
quered East? 

Hence Exported ///. a., Exporting v¢/. sb, 
and ffl. a. 

1716 Appison Freeholder Non4t The Exported commodi- 
ties amounted to Two Hundred Ninety Four Thousand 
Pounds. 1727 W. MatHer Fug. Man's Comp. 4og The Ex- 
porting and Importing so many and great Quantities of rich 
Commodities. 1812 G. CHatmers Dom, Econ. Gt. Brit. 171 
The value of exported cargoes in 1766. 1845 M*Cuttocit 
Taxation i. iv. (1852) 197 Poland and other exporting 
countries. 

Export (ekspost), sb. Comm, [f. prec.] 

1, That which is exported; an exported article. 


Also, the amount exported. 

1690 CuiLp Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 167 The Exports were more 
in value than the Imports. 1735 BER EY Querist § 179 
Schedules of our Trade, containing an Account of the Im- 
ports and Exports of the foregoing Year, 1796 Burkr 
Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 155 Our commerce, the imports 
and exports of the nation. 1821 J, Q. Apams in C. Davies 
Metr, Syst. 11. (1871) 113 In the year 1354 the balance of 
exports above the imports was of more than 250,000 pounds. 

2. The action of exporting, exportation; an in- 
stance of this. (Not in Johnson or Todd. First 
in Webster 1864.) 

1804 CoLeBrooKE Hush. § Comme, Bengal (1806) 192 
Buffalo’s horns might..become an article of export, 1824 
Lp. Harewoop in Bischoff Woollen Manuf. 11. 48 Allow- 
ing the free export of British wool. 1874 GrEEN Short //is¢. 
viil. 476 He gave license for the export of arms to Spain. 

8. attrib. In senses: Of, pertaining to, concerned 
with or adapted for, exportation; as export-capacity, 
-demand, -goods (specified, as e.g. export-yarns), 
-direction, -merchant, (-book-seller, -clothier, etc.), 
-trade; export bill, a bill drawn against or for 
the value of exported goods; export duty, a duty 
paid on exported goods. 

1861 GoscHEN For. Exch. 39 Buying-up and remitting the 
“export-bills as soon as the goods have been shipped. 1885 
Bookseller 5 Mar. Advt., Wholesale and *export booksellers. 
1888 Daily News 19 Nov. 2/7 The *export demand is well 
maintained for furs, skins, and hairs. 1817 F. Rostnson in 
Parl. Deb. 565 The bill..to diminish the *export duty 
on the smaller sorts of coal. 1845 M*Cuttocu 7axa- 
tion 1. v. (1852) 204 Great caution is usually required in 
imposing export duties. 1795 Lp. AuckLanp Corr. III, 
295 The naval preparations oblige us to suspend the *ex- 
port trade which is a check to manufactures, 1831 Sir J. 
Srnciair Corr. 11. 307 The Emperor and his Ministers were 
ignorant that there existed any advantageous export trade. 
1889 Daily News 11 Dec. 2/7 *Export yarns were a shade 
better. 

Exportable (eksp6-1tib’l), a. and sd. [f. prec. 
+-ABLE.] 

A. adj. Capable of being exported. 

1717 Newton in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) Il. 425 
Silver in bullion exportable is usually worth 2d. or 3d. per 
oz. more than in coin. 1803 Syp. Smitu Ws, (1867) I. 41 
The. .exportable articles. .which Ceylon produces are pearls, 
cinnamon, and elephants, 1877 Fraser’s Mag. XV.85 The 
principal staples of her exportable wealth. i 

transf, 1807 Med. Frnt, XVII. 118 What transmutation 
. renders it [yellow fever] exportable to Europe from us? 

B. sé. pl. Articles of exportation. rare. 

1873 A. L. Perry Pol. Econ. 522 The greatest loss falls on 
the exportables of a country. 

+ Expo'rtance. ds. rare—'. [f. Export v. + 


-ANCE.] = next. 

1630 J. Levert Ordering of Bees (1634) 16 The exportance 
of increase and profit by them [bees]. 

Exportation (ekspoité:fon). [a. F. exfort- 
ation, ad. L. exportdtiin-em, n. of action {. ex- 
portére: see Export.] The action of exporting. 

+1. a. gen. Carrying out from a place. b. The 
conveying or sending (persons) out of the country. 

a1610 Heatey Theophrastus, Ostentation (1636) 80 He 
[Antipater], when there was granted a free exportation [from 
Macedonia], when the courtesie was offered him, refused it. 
1666 J. SmitH Old Age 239 The Instruments of the vital 
| Faculty, which serve for .. exportation and ae) of the 


EXPORTER. 


same [bloud and spirits). 1725 H. Bourne Antiz. Com. 


f'cople ii, 15 They were wont to sit by it (the }, from 
the Time of ite Death till its Exportation to the Grave. 
1774 Pennant Tour Scot. in 172. 47 The melancholy ex- 
portation of. .natives of Great Britain, 1789 Hist. in Ann. 
Reg. 142 It (Stanhope’s bill] also repealed the laws .. pro- 
nipning the exportation of women. ’ 

2. Comm. The sending out (of commodities) 
from one country to another. 

1641 Nicholas Papers (Camden) I, 20 Statutes restrayning 
the exportacion of y* native dities of that king 
1678 Marvett Corr. Wks. I. 362 The Committee against 
Ex ion of Wooll sate yesternight. 1797-8 WELLINGTON 
in Owen Disf. 779 The exportation of British manufactures, 
excepting of military stores, ought to be free. 1870 ANDER- 
son Missions Amer. Bd. 11, xxxi. 271 Wheat, and other 
products for exportation. . 

transf. 1807 Med, Frni. XVI1.119 An indigenous and 
local disease .. capable of exportation to distant countries. 

- 3. quasi-concr. a. Something carried out. +b. 
That which is exported ; £/. commodities exported, 
exports (obs.). ; 

a. 1817 CoreripcE Biog. Lit. 238 Feverishness and want 
of appetite which .. was certainly not decreased by the 
exportations from the cabin. : 

b. 1664-5 Perys Diary (1879) III. 109 If the exportations 
exceed the importations. 1673 TempLe £ss. /reland Wks. 
1731 I. 112 The Native Commodities or common easie Manu- 
factures..make up the Exportation of this Kingdom. 1691 
‘T. H[aLe]) Acc. New Invent, 131 As much .. as they now 
receive in Exchange for their said Exportations. 

Exporter (ekspo-stoz). [f.as prec. + -ER1.] 
One who exports ; an export trader. 

1691 Locke Lower. Interest 174 "Twill be the Interest of 
every Exporter, to buy Plate to send out before Money. 
1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5833/2 The Duty .. payable by the 
Exporter. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 296 The company. . 
became their own exporters. 1861 Goscnen For. Exch. 40 
The exporters sell to thé same bankers. 

osal (ekspéowzal). [f. next+-a.] 

1, The fact of exposing or of being exposed. 

1651 H. More in Enthus. Tri. (1656) 254 It is no exposall 
or hardship at all to be exposed to mercy. 1656 JEANES 
Fuln. Christ 199 Gods exposall of him unto death for his 
members. 1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angi. vi. 66 Their ex- 
posal to those injuries, we have just now instanced, 1721 
Swirt Let. of Advice to yng. Poet 26, 1 believe our cor- 
rupted air, and frequent thick Fogs, are in a great measure 
owing to the common exposal of our Wit. 1839 S. Davip- 
son Biblical Crit. 62 The version itself manifests its exposal 
i bar eee influences. oa : 

. A setting forth, an exposition, ‘ exposé’. 

1885 Sat. Rev. 15 Aug. 220 An eloquent and able exposal 
of the financial .. aspect of Indian affairs. 

Expose (ekspéwz), v. [a. Fr. exposer (14thc.), 
formed as an adaptation of L. expdnére to put 
out, expose (see EXPONE, Expounp) ; the vb. oser 
(:—L. pausdre to rest, lay down) having been asso- 
ciated by erroneous etymology with L. pondve (pa. 
pple. positus), and employed as its regular repre- 
sentative in compounds. See Compose, Posr.} 

I. To put out; to deprive of shelter. 

+1. trans. To put out; to put (a person) ashore ; 
to expel from a country, etc. Also ref. of a river: 
To empty itself zzto. Obs. rare. 

1632 Litucow 7 rav, 1. 43 The G have ab 
the society of Iewes, and exposed them from their iuris- 
diction. /d:d. 1. 46 There the Carmoesaloe [a vessel] 
stayed, and I was exposed to seek passage for oc 1658 
W. Burton /tin. Anton. 134 Where the river Tearn ex- 
poseth it self into it [the Severn]. 1726 SHetvocke Voy. 
vound World 151 In short, I would expose no hostages. 

2. To turn out of doors; ‘ to cast out to chance’ 

-) 3 esp. toabandon (an infant), often in Antig. as 
the rendering of L. exponere, Gr. éeriOévat. 

1611 Suaxs. Wint, 7. v. ii. 78 All the Instruments which 
ayded to expose the Child, were euen then lost. 1697 
Potter Antig. Greece 1. xx. (1715) 371 The latter [Ariadne] 
being the same that was expos'd big with Child upon that 
Coast by Theseus. 7 Home Ess., Populousness Anc. 
Nations (1779) 1. 416 The only country where this practice 
of exposing Cikdiren prevails. a 1859 Macautay ist. Exg, 
(1861) V, 102 In old time he would have been exposed as 
soon as he came into the world, 

3. To place in an unsheltered or unprotected 
position ; to leave without shelter or defence ; to 
remove the covering of ; to put (plants) out in the 
open air, In early use also, To risk, imperil. 

© 1477 Caxton Jason 78 b, And semblably ben alle peple 
bounden to expose bod and goodes for their kyng. 1590 
Srenser F, Q, 1. i. 46 He that hath espyde a vermeill rose, 
To which sharpe thornes .. the way forestall, Dare not for 
dread his hety hand expose, Evetyn Kal. Hort. 
(1729) 201 Set out and expose los Cardinalis. Ibid. 212 Be 
careful not to ex! the Fruit without Leaves sufficient to 
skreen it from the Sun. 1 Mitton /, Z. 1. 828, I go 
This uncouth sole, and one for all My self expose. 
1704 Lond, Gaz, No 4020/2 He exposed his Person ‘very 
much in the Action. 1796 C. Marsuat Garden, (1813) 

An awning .. will continue them in fection of blow m' 
longer than if always exposed. 1885 Blackw. as. als 
The gunners are never ex as is the case with all em- 

ure .. batteries... Mod, This costume is injurious to 
health b it unduly exp the chest. 

4. To lay open (to danger, ridicule, censure, 
etc.); to place in the way of something that would 
be better avoided; to render accessible or liable. 
peonerae’ +t unto; also zo with inf. clause. 

1474 Caxton Chesse 144 He — ith hym vnto the parilles 
of bataylle. 1601 Suaks, Ad/’s Well m1. ii. 106 Expose Those 
tender limbes of thine, to the euent Of the none-sparing 


d. ad 


442 


warre. — Lear. ww. 
wretches fe x6rr Brace /vansi, Pref. 4 Rather then 
to many ptions and cauil 
Whom the highest place 
Formost to stand against the Thunderers aime. 1697 1 - 
fs to 
‘of Vay. 
le exposed to 
the overflowing of t 1789 Bentuam Princ. Legis/. 
xviii. § 44 Offences to which the condition of a Guardian is 
e R. W. Date Few. Temp. ix. (1877) 89 The 
faith of the cbrew Christians -- was. exposed to se 
trials. Micktetuwaite Mod, Par. Churches 226 In 
positions little exposed to be walked over, 

5. To lay open /o (+7n/0) the action or infin- 
ence of, 

1594 Prat Yewel Ho., Divers New Exper. 33 The 
timber which you doe into the ayre. Doonan 
Virg. Georg. 11. 448 While the balmy Western Spirit blows, 
Earth tothe Breath her Bosom dares expose. a 1704, Locke 


Drypen ¥uv. Lik ; 
sos the Fly of Men, wiiow aig th Vices 
en- 


the to 
etn tettweset come oe ek eee 
saw imposture it. ane, cam, 
‘2 It will serve ae the hollowness of the 


Johnson as ‘an puny © co ial abuse ") 

1685 Stittincri. Orig. Brit. i lest I should seem 
to expoes 50 ancent © Sea eer etc. ]. 
1705 Stannore Pa: ~ I. 73 The most i 

d insol uffoonry. 


(J.), Those who seek truth only, freely their 
to the test. 1744 BerKeLey Siris $28 Trees that g 


won 
mountains, eas | to the sun or the north wi 1751 
Jounson Rambler No. 112 4 Exposed to a microscope, 


the smoothest polish..discovers cavities. 1807 T. THomson 
Chem, (ed. 3) 11. 176 When liquid sulphurous acid is exposed 
to atmospheric air. 1866 J. Martineau ss. 1. 3 He was 
exposed to two singularly inharmonious influences. 1879 
Haran Eyesight ii. 22 The way in which they [the eye- 
brows] are instantly drawn down when we are suddenly 
exposed to a dazzling light. 

b. Zass. To be open Zo a certain quarter of the 
heavens, situated in a certain aspect. 

1710 Lonpon & Wise Compl. Gard. (1719) 76 It’s an ad- 
mirable Peach when planted in a good Soil, and well expos’d. 
1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 307 The richest lands 
in Scotland. .are exposed to the north. 

II. To present to view, put forth. 

6. To exhibit openly; to display to the public 
gaze. 

1623-6 Cockeram, Expose, to set to view. 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 280 » 3 The Beggar, who exposes his Sores. 
1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iv. (1840) 95 B: rsuading 
him [Noah] to drink himself drunk. .had..made him expose 
himself in a beastly manner. 180x Soutnry Thalaba v1. 
xxvi, Transparent garments to the greedy eye Exposed their 
harlot limbs. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. III. 250 He was 
then carried to the market place, and exposed. .as a male- 
factor. 187§ Jowett Plato (ed, 2) V. 176 The dead are only 
to be exposed for three days. 

b. £ccl. To exhibit (the Host, relics) for adora- 
tion. 

1644 Evetyn Diary 18 Mar., Neere Easter. .many images 
were expos'd. 1850 J. H. Newman pi Anglic. 213 
The Blessed Sacrament is exposed in all the churches all 
over the city. 

ce. To disclose, display, allow to be seen. 

1851 Carrenter Man. Phys. 401 The amount of surface 
exposed by the walls of these minute cavities. 1853 Kane 
Grinnell Exp, xxxvi. (1856) 324 A pit was sunk in the ice 
around her..so as to expose her stern, 1870 Harpy & 
Ware Mod. Hoyle, Whist 7 A card by accident being ex- 
posed during the déal. ey i Raymonp Statist. Mines & 
Mining 248 An open cut 30 feet long exposes a vein of rather 
solid-looking quartz. 

7. a. To offer publicly, ‘ put up’ for (or 40) sale. 
(The ordinary phrase in Scotland: in England 
now somewhat formal). 

a1610 Heatey Theophrastus, Ostentation (1636) 82 Those 
which expose their wares to sale. H. Cocan tr. Pinto's 
Trav. x. 30 [They] exposed me to sale three several times, 
and yet could meet with nobody that would buy me. 1704 
Swirt 7. 7ué Concl. 221To expose the talents I hav ired. 


agt P7 A little Wit is equally TE ast a Beauty, 
and of aggravating a Fault. nts Fretcuer Logica Genev. 
29 The round attires of the exposed by Isaiah, 


||Exposé (ekspoze). [Fr.; pa. pple. of exposer: 
see Expose v.] 

1, A statement put forth; a recital of facts or 
particulars. 

1803, = G. favs Diaries one IL x ES Agr me 's 
ex prett in. 1812 Examiner 2 ¥ r¢ 
Bs fe ee se Re tek de a 
1813 /did. 1 ar, 168/2 renc! x) states, t 
France will gga sk of the line, 1846 Worcester 
cites MackINTOSH ? 1765-1832. 

2. A showing up of something discreditable. 

1831 Disraeii Ving. Duke v. xiii, She has been negotiating 
:-for some time..and the late exposé will not favour her 
interests. 3845 W. H. Maxwett “ints to a Soldier 1. 163 
This wretched exposé of Blake's incompetency. 

f. EXPOSE v. + 


(ekspdwzd), ppl. a. [ 
-ED!,] In the senses of the vb. a. Displayed, dis- 
cl to view. Lxposed card (see quot. 1870), 


b. Unsheltered or unprotected from the elements, 
or from hostile attack. ¢. esp. Of children: Cast 
out or abandoned to chance. 

a. 1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentl. 28 When that Sex.. 
gives way to foments of ex loosenesse. 1656 tr. 
Hobbes’ Elem. Philos, (1839) 139 tity is determined two 
ways; one by the sense .. the by memory, that is, 
comparison with some exposed quantity. 1870 Harpy 
Ware Mod. Hoyle, Whist 3 lf a player plays a card from 
his hand..without waiting to know if a card under the 
penalty of being called for is demanded, this card..is an 
exposed card. 1890 Pall Mail G. 20 Oct. 7/1 D.. placed the 
detached card on the table .. and the ‘detached’ card then 

e an ‘ exposed’ card. 

b. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 197 Cover with dry 

Straw..your — exposed Ever-greens, 1837 Ht. Marti- 


NEAU Soc. Amer. III, 153 A z te expense Sebo ae 
durable in a hot sun, 1867 in Sailor's Word-bk., Ex- 


posed anchorage, an open and reason 
of the a or the enemy. Hoxcey. iogr. 40 
apour is drawn up. .from every ex; piece 4 
Cc. 31662 Petty 7axes 4 The maintenance of .. found 
exposed children, 1772 Ann. Reg. 223 The ital for the 
maintenance of exposed and deserted young chi 
edness (eckspéuzédnes). [f, prec. + 


-NESS.] The state or condition of being exposed, 
1620 Br. Hatt Hon. Mar. Clergy i. § ay Se exposednesse 

of the city to sale. a 1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit 

(1867) 191 An di bl RAINERD 


d to . G. Murrny Comm, Gen, 


1762-71 H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 11. 105 
It was again exposed at Mr. Scawen's sale. 177% Phil, 
Trans. LXI. 324 note, A fishmonger. .in the winter, exposes 
for sale a bushel..of carp and tench, 1848 MaAcavtay 
Hist. Eng. 1. 409 The first barometers ever exposed to sale. 
1868 Perthshire Frni. 18 June, There will be exposed for 
Sale..on Saturday. .about 2,000 Trees. 
+b. To put forth, publish (a discourse). Also 
(after Fr. exposer’) to Be (coin) in circulation. Ods. 
1644 Vindex Angi. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 431 Did ever 
nation ex choicer .. discourses, than ours hath done? 
1686 tr. Chardin's Trav. Pref., The last things which I 
shall expose to the Publick. 1751 Cuamners Cyc/, s. v. Ex- 
Posing, It is prohibited to expose false and clipped money. 
8. To make known, disclose (secrets, one’s in- 
tentions or projects, etc.), Formerly in wider sense : 
To explain, set forth or describe in detail. 
ae Axton Cato I vj b, His fyrste frend. .to whom he ex- 
his caas and nede. c 1489 — Blanchardyn lii. 199 The 
yy vnto the .. comynalte the charge that he 
of blanchardyn. 1541 R. Coptanp Galyen's Terap. 2 
G iv, In the boke .. we haue 
viceres. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secret nt. (1625) 126 Which 
as an action most singular, I have jude t to be exposed 
in this place unto him, rox tr. Le Clerc’s Prim. Fathers 
(1702) 103 They exposed. .their Reasons. 1779 in Atheneum 
16 Aug. (1884) 213/1 He. .exposes his i of ing 
during winter to Sandwich Island. x179x Boswett Yohnson 
Ded., The whole truth is not always to be exposed. 1855 
Prescorr Philip //, 1. 1. viii. 237 Egmont ., exposed to 
the monarch the evils that beset the country. Hot- 
LanD A, Bonnic, xxiii. 346, I exposed my project, which .. 
met with his hearty approval. 
+b. To set forth the meaning of; to explain, 
expound. Oe 
Caxton Gold. Leg. 436/3 Saynt Jherome exposeth hit 
aie ae, Dvb, atherwyee tre may be exposed 
that [ete, 
9. To unmask, show up (an error or misrepre- 
sentation, an impostor) ; to hold up to ridicule or 


all the differences of 


Pp unto 1741 B: 
in Edwards Life i. (1851) 5 Saas me so po A my ex- 


xi. 25 Shame implies. .an exposedness to the searching eye 
of a condemning judge. 

+Expo'sement. 0Oés. surve—'. [f. Expose v. 
+-MENT. Cf OFr. exposement.] action of 
exposing. 
Lrtucow Trav. vit. 353 Measuring largely their owne 
infranchized fortune, with the voluntary exposement of many 
vnnecessary Viadants, 


Was, 2078. 1V 94: Eas lap eee a 


the Church of England’s Exposer. Hist. Ei in 
Ann. Reg. 99"/2 The overthrower of Bolingbroke, and the 
er seek 
r es 
own the card, sw Times LXX 


has shown the Law Times X. 1215/1 Their 
.. exposure for sale in +. rendered the ., exposer 
liable to conviction. 


Ex; (ekspaw'zin), vd/. sb. [f. as prec. + 
Te sono the ver Riceonn (in its varios 
senses) ; an instance of this. 
ax6ra Donxe BiaSavaros (1644) 124 These Omissions, and 
Desertiona, und Eigedings after sabres: 1627 tr, Bacon's 
Fo $ Death (1651) 8 In wild Creatures, their Exposing to 
weathers, often intercepteth them, 1721 Wodrow Corr, 
(1843) II, 593, I have nothing but. .the exp: peeks gp 
persecution, and arbitrary power, in my view, 1726 Leont 
tr. Alberti's Archit. 1. 76 a, The exposing of merchandizes 
to sale. 2732 Berketey A/ciphr. v. § 12 Their unnatural 
exposing nla iespout . F 
Exposition (ekspozi'fon), Forms: 4-5 ex- 
posicioun, 4-6 exposicion, -yon, (4 exposis- 
sion), | foes rerooyy -ycion, -yon, (6 rig i 
tion), 6- exposition. [a. F. exposition, ad, 
exposition-em, n. of action f. exponére (pa, pple. 
exposit-us) : see EXPONE.] as, 
1. The action of putting, or the condition of 


EXPOSITION. 
being put, out of a place; expulsion. Cf. Exposx 
v.1. Obs. rare. 


1530 PatsGr. 218/1 Exposytion, exfosition. 1532 More 
Confut. Tindale Wks. 819/2 No time of taryenge betwene 
their {angels’] synne and their exposicion. 

. esp. The action of putting (a child) out in the 
open; abandonment to chance ; = Exposure 1 b. 

1581 Mutcaster Positions xxxvi. (1887) 136 To disburden 
a common weale of vnnecessary number .. by exposition .. 
of enfantes. 1654 R. Coprincton tr. Fustin’s Hist. 8 
Hearing of the exposition of this royall Infant. 1747 Ovig. 
Hum. Appetites 1. ® 5 in Parr Metaph. Tracts 18th C. 
(1837), The exposition of children without distinction. . either 
of Emily or sex. 1869 Lecxy Europ. Mor. 1. i. 47 The 
murder or exposition of the children of poor parents. 1875 
Poste Gaius 1. Comm. (ed. 2) 65. 

+ 2. Situation with respect to the quarter of the 
heavens; ‘aspect’. Ods. = EXPosuRE 3. 

1688 Lett. Pres. State Italy 145 The water within them is 
in a full exposition to the Sun. 1693 Evetyn De da Quint. 
Compl. Gard. 1,128 An Easterly Exposition. 1710 Lonpon 
& Wise Compl, Gard. (1719) 268 ‘Those sorts which blow 
only in good Expositions. 1758 Jortin Erasm. 1. 76 Eras- 
mus... ascribes the plague .. partly to the .. bad exposition 
of the houses. 1775 Jounson Yourn. W. Isl. Wks. X. 413 
By choosing an advantageous exposition, they can raise all 
the more hardy esculent plants. 1834 Becxrorp Jtady II. 
1o7 The exposition..is singularly happy; skreened by 
sloping hills. — ; ae 

3. The action of putting out to public view ; an 
instance of this; adisplay, show, exposure. + Also 
(rarely) = EXPosuRE 1 ¢, d. 

1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemp. xvi. § 2'Vhe Synagogue had 
been thrown out to an inglorious Exposition and Contempt. 
1788 Trifler xviii. 245 The country ‘squires dreaded the 
exposition of their rustic conversation to the ordeal of her 
criticism. /é/d. xxiv. 318 The exposition of these absurd- 
ities..should be forwarded by every man of sense. 1834 


Beckrorp /¢aly I. 4 There happened to be an exposition of | 


the holy wafer. 1835 Browninc Paracelsus 128 Grown 
Grey in the exposition of such antics. 1836 New Monthly 
Mag. XLVI. 3 The practice of exposition on the pillory. 
1844 Pucin Gloss. 182 The Exposition of any Relic without 
an authentication has been strictly prohibited. 1884 Catholic 
Dict. 331 The Host after High Mass (the Mass of Exposi- 
tion) is placed on a throne above the altar.. Relics and 
images must be removed from the Altar of Exposition. 
b. After mod. French use; = ExHisirion 6. 

1868 Sacra Notes & Sk. Paris Exhibition ii. 15 The Uni- 
versal Exposition of 1867; that, you know .. is the official 
designation, 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-cap 270 Paint! 
The last Exposition warrants me Plenty of people must ply 
brush with toes. 1879 Howe ts L, Aroostook (1883) Il. 126 
Typical villages of the different civilisations at the interna- 
tional expositions. ee Soc.of Arts, Title of Paper 11 Dec. 
9 The World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. 

4. The action or process of setting forth, de- 
claring, or describing, either in speech or writing. 

1460 Eart Marcuse in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 5 1. 1o We have 
charged your servant .. for to declare..certayne things.. 
Wherefore we beseche your graciouse lordeschip .. to here 
him in exposicion of the same, and to his relacion to yeve ful 
feith and credence. 1783 H. Biatr Lect, RAet. IL. 78 In the 
conduct and exposition of his a, he [Cicero] may 
and ought to be imitated. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 66 
Clear exposition was the only thing needed to convert him 
tothe new theory, : . 

b. A statement in which any matter is set forth 
in detail. 

1388 Wycutr 2 Macc. ii. 13 These same thingis weren put 
in discripciouns and exposiciouns [Vulg. commentariis] of 
Neemye. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vil. ccxx. 241 For the which 
dede, after Pager acel of some auctours the sayd erle 
was punysshed. 1552 Hucoet, Exposition, commentarium. 
1842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 189 If we look to 
the exposition of the objects of eating already given. 1860 
TynxvALL Glac, u. xvi. 311 The author of the theory has at 
various times published expositions of his views. 1875 
Stusss Const. Hist. 1. i. 10 Of the great expositions of feudal 
custom, most are from Northern France. 1884 Bower & 
Scorr De Bary’s Phaner. §& Ferns 504 A question .. that 
does not belong to the present anatomical exposition, 

e. Music (see quot. 1869). 

1869 OusELEY Counterp. xxiii, 178 Every fugue must com- 
mence with what is called ‘the exposition’ of the subject 
and answer. By this is amely meant the first entry of the 
subject, answer, and countersubject. 1880 — in Grove Dict, 
Mus. 1. 568/2 After the exposition is completed by the suc- 
cessive and regular entry of every part, 

5. The action of expounding or explaining; in- 
terpretation, explanation. Also an instance or mode 
of this ; an explanation, interpretation. 

@1340 Hamroe Psalter Comm. 19 Hit nedeth exposicyon. 
1340 — Pr. Consc. 3856 An exposicion Of be haly godspelle 
inalesson. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 969 The exposicioun 
of this holy praier .. I bitake to these maystres of theology. 
©1440 Gesta Rom. \xiii. 271 (Harl. MS.) The exposicion of 
theise vers is this. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V.1v. 1. 237 You 
know the Law, your exposition Hath beene most sound. 
1672 Sir T. Browne Lett. Friend xix, (1881) 140 Some 
dreams I confess may admit of easie and feminine exposi- 
tion. 1699 BentLey Pha, 302 The other Exposition, that 

es “Mooxos the name of an Harper. 1729 FRANKLIN 

Ess. Wks. 1840 II, 39 The unaccountable expositions that 
are put upon some of my works. 17483 ESLEY ¥rnd. 
(1749) 69 Attending the expositions of the persons commonly 
called Methodists. 1 Wyrtue Decis. Virginia 8 This 
exposition of the testament fulfilleth the intention of him who 
madeit. 1868 E. Epwarps Radeigh 1, xxvii. 690 It was. - 
suggested... that Bacon’s exposition of the law was unsound, 
1877 Sparrow Seri. ix. 122 The exposition of the Bible. 

‘omb, 1826 BENTHAM in Westm. Rev. V1. 500 Exposition- 
requiring terms, : . 

b. An expository article or treatise; a ‘com- 
mentary, = 5 


443 


1460 CarGrave Chron. Ded. 1 Specialy to gader eld expo- 
siciones upon Scripture into o colleccion. 1532 More Cont 
Tindale Wks. 553/1 In his exposicion vpon the first pistle of 
saint John. 1664 H. More Myst. Jnig. 107 The reading 
of such expositions of Scriptures as are writ by. .sincere fol- 
lowers of Christ. 1685 A, Lovett tr. Siimon’s Relig. & Cust. 
East. Nations 149 They have.. Expositions on those Books. 
1773 Mrs. Cuarone Jprov. Mind (1774) 1. 66 The Pro- 
Tenia. -you had better. .read..with a good exposition. 

ce. Logic. (In various senses: see quots.) 

1 Fraunce Lawiers Log.1.ii. 4b, There be two parts 
of Logike, Exposition of the nature of argumentes, and Dis- 
position of the same. /did. 1. ii, 6 Exposition, the first part 
of Logike, declareth the particular affection and nature of 
every severall argument. 1656 tr. //oddes’ Elem. Philos. 
(1839) 139 Quantity is determined two ways; one by the 
sense, when some sensible object is set before it .. which 
way of determining is called exposition. 1837-8 Sir W. 
Hamitton Logic xxiv. (1866) II. 12 It [a declaration] is called 
an Exposition, when the evolution of a notion is continued 
through several explications. 1860 VertcH & Manse. 
Hamilton's Logic. 263 note, The term Exposition (é«Oeors) 
is employed by Aristotle and most subsequent logicians to 
denote the selection of an individual instance whose qualities 
may be perceived by sense, in order to prove a general 
relation apprehended by the intellect. 

Hence Exposi‘tional a., of the nature of an ex- 
position; explanatory. Exposi‘tionary a., in- 
clined to exposition or setting forth in detail. 

1845 Moztrey Blanco White, Ess. 1884 11. 138 All those 
creeds..the simply expositional and interpretative form of 
the original revealed truth. .—all this is thrown aside. 1867 
J. Garrietp in Century Mag. Jan. 1884, 413/2 Spurgeon 

. accompanied his reading with sensible .. expositional 
comments. 1882 J. HawrHorne Fort. Food 1. xviii, He 
was of an argumentative and expositionary turn of mind. 

+ Expositi-tious, 2. Oés.vare—'. [f. Lrev- 
positictus (f. expostt-: see next and -1TI0Us).] Of 
a child: That has been ‘ exposed’. 

1622 Donne Serm. cliv. VI. 150 An exposititious Child 
laid out in the streets .. of unknown parents, 

Expositive (ekspg'zitiv), a. and sd. [ad. L. 
exposttiv-us, {. exposit- ppl. stem of expondre: sce 
EXxpone and -1vE.] 

A. adj. a. Tending to set forth or describe in 
detail; descriptive. b,. Serving to explain; ex- 
planatory, expository. Const. of. 

7535 Jove Afol. Tindale 38 Usyng thys particle £¢ in 
englyssh as myche to saye Avd expositiue. 1571 GoLDING 
Calvin on Ps. xxiv. 4 A man may gather it by the percell 
expositiue whiche is added streight after. 1655-60 STANLEY 
fist. Philos. (1701) 378/2 Expositive terms. 1659 Pearson 
Creed (1683) 230 The opinion .. is to be rejected, as not 
expositive of the Creed’s confession. 1846 WorcrsTER, 
Expositive, explanatory. 1884 Christian World 24 Apr. 
304/2 The book .. may be briefly described as .. hortatory 
and expositive. 

+B. sb. An explanation, ‘argument’. Ods. 

1687 Burnet Coutnz. Reply to Varillas 43 He cites on the 
Margin the expositive or Preamble of it. £ 

Hence + Expo'sitively adv., in an expositiye 
manner or sense ; by way of exposition or gloss. 

1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. xxxiv. 9 The particle [C//] is 
taken expositiuely. 1631 J. Burces Answ. Rejoined 82 
Unless wee may take. .azd, the copulatiue, expositiuely, as 
if it signified that is to say. 1656 JeaNes udu. Christ 170 
Interpreters thinke this clause to be added affositivée, or 
expositively, to explaine what is meant by Philosophy. 

Expositor (ekspg'zite:). Forms: 4 exposi- 
tur, -pocitour, 4-6 -posytour, 4-7 -itour, 7 ex- 
positer, 6-expositor. [a. AF. *exfosttour = 
OF. expositur, Fr. expositeur, ad. L, expositir-en, 
agent-n. from exfoncre: see EXPONE, EXPosE.] 

. One who sets forth in detail, expounds, or lays 
open; a declarer, narrator. Const. of. 

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.xviu. |xxxviii. (1495) 89 Ex- 
positours say that some lyce gendre of sangweyhi humour 
and ben red and ee. ¢ 1430 Lypc. Thebes I, 122 Some 
expositours Groun yng hem; vpon old aucthours, Sain that 
Cadmus [etc.]._ 1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe ui. (1541) 52 b, 
The tongue, whiche is raysons exposytour. 1588 SHaks. 
L.L,L.u.i, 72 A mirth-mouing iest Which his faire tongue 
(conceits expositor) Deliuers in..apt.. words. 1807 G 
Cuatmers Caledonia I. m. viii. 440 The clergy acquiesced 
in the dictates of a learned queen, as delivered by the royal 
expositor. 1876 Bancrort Hist. U.S. VI. xxix. 73 Reid sand 
Rousseau were. .expositors of the active powers of man. 

2. One who sets forth the meaning (of a passage, 
word, etc.); one who explains; an interpreter 
(of dreams, etc.) ; an expounder. Const. of. 

a1340 Hampo.e Psalter cxlvi. 8 Thorgh expositurs ha 
redyis rayne of soft lare. cr Wycuitr Wks, (1880) 145 
Good expositours on pe Gospellis. ¢1440 Gesta Rome. xxvii. 
48 (Add. MS.) Trew expositours, that is, discrete con- 
fessours or prelates. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. x. i. 
143 To ..hearken to the expositors of dreames. 1634 Sir 
T. Hersert 7vrav. (1677) 330 The Hodgei, Emeri, and 
Mulai, the first are Expositors, the other Mendicants. 
1658 T. Watt Comm. Times 29 The word. .signifies both a 
company and a Beast, say Expositors upon the text. 1778 
R. Lowrn Jsaiah Notes (ed. 12) 362 Difficulties in which 
expositors are Rapes enga: 1833 S. HooLe Dis- 
courses ix. 109 By some learned expositors the Grecian phi- 
losophy has been blended with Christian Theology. 
GLapstOnE Glean, V. xci. 227 If such be the view of the 
expositors of the law, 

ig. @%7%6 Sourn Serm. (J,), The sinner’s conscience is 
the best expositor of the Mind of God, under any judge- 
ment or affliction. 1853 Lewes ist, Philos, 280 Reason 
is the expositor of Faith. é " 

b. transf. That which explains or interprets. 
(Sometimes used.as title of a book.) 


| posttira, f. exposit-: see above and -URE.] 


EXPOSTULATE. 


_ 1530 Pauser., Ep.5, I have. .added..a thirde boke, whiche 
is a..comment and exposytour unto my seconde. 1604 
Hieron Is. I. 526 The scripture speaketh by the voyce of 
man, and so it is fitted and applied to be the expositer of 
it selfe b y the industry of man. 1616 BuLtoxar (¢/t/e), An 
English Expositor Or Compleat Dictionary : Teaching The 
Interpretation of the hardest words. @1754 Fievpinc 
Charac. Man Wks. 1784 1X. 414 Actions are their own best 
expositors. 1760-2 Dopprivce (title), The Family Ex- 
positor. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 497 The intention 
of the devisor expressed in his will was the best expositor.. 
and disposer of his words. 

oh nape f (ekspg’zitari), a. and sd, [ad. 
med. L. exposttori-us (Boethius), f. exposttor: see 
prec, Cf, OF. exposztotre.] 

A. adj. 

1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, exposi- 
tion ; serving to set forth the meaning (of some- 
thing); containing an exposition; explanatory. 
Expository syllogism, etc.: (see quots. 1628, 1860). 

1628 ‘I. Spencer Logichk 262 First they call this forme an 
Expository Syllogisme. .because the third argument is as it 
were an exposition. 1651 Baxter Jaf. Baft. 251 Name me 
one place..that more evidently speaks in an Expository 
way of any Text. 1756 Jounson Pref Abridged Dict., 
This book may serve as a glossary or expository index to 
the poetical writers. 1850 Grote Greece 1. Ixxiii, (1862) VI. 
402 ‘To be able to elude inconvenient texts .. by expository 
ingenuity. 1860 Veitch & Manset Hamilton's Logic 1. 
263 xote, ‘The instance selected is called the expositum (10 
éxredév); and hence singular propositions are called ex- 
pository. 1867 Mitt /naug. Addr. 38, 1 could wish that it 
[instruction] were more expository, less polemical, and above 
all less dogmatic. 1 Lp. SeLporne in Law Rep. 25 
Chance. Diy. 493 Are the words ‘ or in contemplation ’ simply 
expository of the word ‘upon’? ; 

2. Comb. + expository-wise, after the manner 
of an exposition ; = EXxPosiToRILy adv. 

1600 App. Appot £2. Yonah 422 Whereas exegetically 
or expositorie-wise it is now more largely amplified. 

B. sb. = Expositor 2 b. 

175t in Cuampers Cycé. ; . 

Hence Expo-sitorily adv., in an expository 
manner; by way of exposition, explanatorily. 

1631 Donne “ss. (1651) 66 Of these words ..I will ex- 
positorily say nothing. 

Expositorial (eksppzito-rial) a. [f. prec. + 
-(1)AL] Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of an 
expositor. 

1833 G.S. Faser Recapitulated Afostasy 38 The com- 
mon expositorial practice of pitching upon this title or upon 
that title. /éé¢. 40 The wantonness of expositorial licence. 

Expositress (ekspp:zitrés). rare. [f. Expo- 
SIT(O)R+-ESS,] A female expositor. 

1840 GLapstoxe Ch, Princ. 12 A faithful expositress of 
the truths of Catholic Christianity. 1869 /’ad¢ M/ad/ C. 29 
June 5 Her right to be his expositress was never more con- 
clusively proved than on this occasion. 


+ Expo'siture. 0ls. rare. 


[f. L. type *ex- 
The 
state of being exposed ; = EXPOSURE 3. 

1798 W. Mavor Brit. Tourists V. 41 According to the 
expositure, and the prevalence of the winds. 

+Evxpost. Obs. vare—'. [f. Impost by sub- 
stitution of Ex- pref. for IM-.] A tax or duty on 
goods exported, 

1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. App. 166 Under which 
names Portages, Imposts, Exposts.. and such like are 
comprehended, 

|| Ex post facto eks poust ferkto’. [med. L. 
phrase, lit. ‘from what is done afterwards’ (ex 
from, out of, postfaclo, abl. of fost/actunt, neut. pa. 
pple. of *fostfaccre, f. post after + faccre to do), 
The separation of fost/acto in current spelling is 
erroneous.} From an after act or deed; = ‘after 
the fact’. 

1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. 1. x. 89 ‘To buy those goods 
w) you know .. to be stoln .. for what doe you else herein, 
but ex-post-facto partake with that theefe, who stole them? 

b. quasi-adj. Done after another thing, and 
operating retrospectively, esp. in Ex fost facto 
law. 

1789 Bentuam Princ. Legis’. xv. §3 Cases in which 
punishment must be inefficacious..Such are the cases of an 
ex-post facto law. 1812 R. Cumpertanp in T. Mitchell 
Aristoph. WU, 148 May not I Take up the cause of youth... 
Remitting and consigning to obliyion All ex post facto beat- 
ing? 1823 Lincarp Hist. Eng. V1. 486 By an ex post facto 
law, those who had taken the first oath against the papal 
authority, were reputed to have taken .. a second and much 
more comprehensive oath, which was afterwards enacted. 
1845 McCuttocn 7axation u. vi. § 2 They might have ob- 
jected to the tax had it been er fost facto. 

Expostulate (ekspp'stizleit), v. [f. L. expos- 
tulat. ppl. stem of exfostulare, f. ex- (see Ex- 


pref.\) + postulare, to demand: see PosTULATE. 


The L. senses were 1. to demand; 2. to demand the reason 
for (a person’s conduct); 3. to complain of injury; to re- 
monstrate.] s 2 

+1. trans. To ask for, demand, claim. Ods. 

c 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist.(Camden) I. 108 Thei weare 
constrained to expostulat succors of the Romains. 1548 Hatt 
Chron, (1809) 484 He hasted-.. with as much hast as the 
gravitie of the cause did require and expostulate. 1604 
YT. Wricut Passions 112 To expostulat a certeine fauour, 
1645 Mitton Zetrach. Introd., If men want manlinesse to 
expostulate the right of their due ransom, 1670 Sir T.Cu- 
perpen Necess. Abating Usury Yo Rdr. 3 To such as yet 
further expostulate my meaning, | answer, 5 

6-2 


EXPOSTULATION. 


+b. With indirect question as obj.: ‘To demand 
how or why. Obs. 

r Howe t Lett, (1650) I. 471 They expostaiate howa 
man that was born blind.. vente now the shapes 
of trees, 1650 Cot. Anprewe in F. Buckley Relat. Trial 
(1660) 71 Some may be so forward as to expostulate, why 
this great judgment is fallen upon me. Lavy 
Russeve Lett. II. Ixxxiv, 11, I 
why I would do so. 

+2. To complain of (grievances); to plead or 
remonstrate wth a person about (conduct). Ods. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 18 They sometime 
mildely .. expostulate the injury. Marston Ant. & 
Mel. w. Wks. 1856 1. 48 Doe not expostulate the heavens 
will. 1603 KNo.Les Hist, Turks (1621) 314 Some. .seemed 
to expostulate their grife with God. 1678 Wantey Wond. 
Lit, World v. i. § 82. 466/2 The Emperour did expostulate 
the unseemliness of the deed with him. @ 1716 Soutu Serm. 
(1744) X. 192 Being smote upon the face, they expostulated 
the injury of the blow. 

+b. To argue or debate (a matter) as an ag- 
grieved person, Also in wider sense, to debate, 
argue out, discourse upon. Ods. 

1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 31 M. Osburn..must 
needs. .expostulate the matter with your wurship. 1586 A 
Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 76 Having at large expostu- 
lated my true meaning. 1624 Capt. Smitu Virginia 75 
Powhatan began to expostulate the difference of Peace and 
warre after this manner. [Followed by a speech.] 1665 
R. B. Comm, on 2 Tales 48 While he thus expostulated the 
case..she..clapt the window to. 1765 CoLman 7erence 326 
Let us expostulate the matter with her. 1789 Westey Ws. 
(1872) XIII. 123 Do not fail mildly to expostulate the case. 

+e. To say or utter in expostulation. Ods. 

1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. 245 We neede not feare the 
quareller, if we expostulate no words with him. — 1741 
Ricnarpson Pamela 1. 75 Let me but expostulate a Word 
or two with you, Pamela. 

+3. intr. a. To complain, set forth one’s griev- 
ances. b. To discourse, discuss, dilate. Ods. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 11. 213 The complaintes.. 
wherein the lord oftentimes doth expostulate of the vukinde- 
nesse of the people. 1593 SuHaxs. 3 //en. V/, 1. v. 135 Nay, 
stay not to expostulate, make speed. 1605 7ryadl Chev. iv. 
i. in Bullen O. PZ (1884) 111. 332 But for my haste, I would 
expostulate of other things. a 1644 Heywoop Fortune by 
Land u. Wks. 1874 VI. 389, I cannot now stand to expos- 
tulate. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) V._1639 They often ex- 
postulate, in a kind of stanza, or recitative. 1773 J. Ross 
fratricide (MS.) v1. 467 ‘Thou who..hast.. Expostulated 
hours on Virtue’s charms ! 

4. To make friendly remonstrances or repre- 
sentations for the purpose of reprehension or dis- 
suasion; to reason or remonstrate in a friendly 
manner with (a person), about, for, on, or upon (a 
thing). 

31574 Wuitairt Def. Answ. 704, I haue great cause to ex- 
postulate with you for this your vnchristian..and most 
vniust handling of me. 1611 Beaum. & FL. Aing & No Aing 
1. i, 1 have.. Expostulated with my wandring thoughts. 
1674 CLarENvon //ist, Red. (1704) LIL. xiv. 411 The Keeper 
expostulated with him in vain upon the dishonour. 1699 
Bentiey Phad. 253 He'll give me leave to expostulate.. 
about his Conduct. 1726 Cavatuier Mem, 1. 290, I ex- 
postulated for the Non-performance of the late Conditions. 
1794 Mrs. Rapcurre A/yst. Udolpho xvi, The Count fol- 
lowed to expostulate and entreat. 1833 J. H. Newman 
Lett, (1891) 11. 8 An article from the Editor. .expostulating 
with the imprudence of his ‘ friends at Oxford’. 1865 Livinc- 
stone Zamibesé vii. 161 He expostulated with him on the 
impropriety of such conduct to strangers. 

Hence Expo'stulating v0/. sb., the action of the 
vb. EXposTULATE. Expo'stulating ///. a., that 
expostulates. Expo'stulatingly adv. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 18 This kinde of ex- 
postulating falleth most with persons of eqeeiies. 1614 Eart 
Stirtinc Doomsday x, |xxvii, The reprobate, . Expostulating 
blasphemy doe use. 1885 Pall Mall G. 19 Feb. 6/4 Men, 
women, and children rushed past the excited and expostulat- 
ing officers. 1883 /arfer’s wee Oct, 697/1 She.. laid her 
hand on one of his expostulatingly. 

Expostulation (ekspg:stizléi-fan). [ad. L. 
expostulation-em, n. of action f. expostulare: see 
EXPosTULATE.] 

4. The action of expostulating or remonstrating 
in a friendly manner ; earnest and kindly protest. 
An instance of the same. 

I A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 144 Request, com- 
eg anpestueatton: 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. \. 
li. 4 Adam..upon the expostulation of God..replyed, I 
heard thy voice, etc. 1726 Ayirre Parerg, 25 Private Ac- 
cusation of one Friend a another, is nothing else but 
a friendly Expostulation with him. 1838 Lyrton Ca/deron 
vii, All my expostulations have been in vain. 1852 Mrs. 
—— eg. Madonna (1857) 274 Mary stands before her 

on in an attitude of expostulation. 

2. An expostulatory exclamation or address ; an 
uttered remonstrance, protest, or reproof. 

1597 Hooxer Leccé. Pol. v. Ixv. (1611) 341 Those ious, 
expostulations; Simon seest thou this woman? 1628 WiTHER 
Brit, Rememd.u. 238 Some who need this tart expostulation. 
1748 J. Mason Elocut, 26 That pathetick Expostulation. . of 

uzekiel, Why will ye die! 1797 Mrs. Rapcurre /talian 
vi, Vivaldi delivered this expostulation with rapidity. 1840 
Macavtay Clive 80 That lofty expostulation..glows with 
the very spirit of the Hebrew poets, 


Expostulative (eksppstivlativ), 2. [f. Ex- 
POSTULATE + -IVE.) Aiming at or tending to ex- 


postulation. 


1837 Cartyte Fy. Rev. 1. vu. vi, Maillard.. repressive with 
the one hand, expostulative with the other, does his best. 


«Stay to exp 


ee ee a “+ soto 


444 


Hence Expo‘stulatively adv., in an expostula- 
ph ype 635 ‘ What's the harm?" responded 
ongm. Mag. Apr. 635 ‘ What's 


the young gent vely. 

(ekspp-stistlcttas). [f. as prec. 
+-0R.] One who expostulates ; + one who rebukes 
or complains of. 

1727 in Baitey vol. II. 1795 G. Wakerietp Reply to 
Part II of ‘Age of Reason’ Siw open and warm expostu- 
lator of arrogance. a 1834 Lams Let. to Coleridge (L.), 
He is no t; only an expostulator. — 

(ekspp'stiv/lateri), a. [f. as 
prec. +-oRY.] Characterized by, or of the nature 
of, expostulation. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u, (1€25) 26 An example of an 
Epistle expostulatorie touching unkindnesse received. 1660 
S. Fisuer (¢it/e), The Rustick’s Alarm to the Rabbies.. In 
four Apologeticall and Expostulatory Exercitations. 1758 
Br. Warsurton Lett. (1809) 275 Mr. Jane. . wrote me an ex- 
postulatory letter. 1849 Srovet in Canne’s Necess. Introd. 
63 Expostulatory defences in the ecclesiastical courts. 

+2. Comb. 

_ 1600 Aur. Assor Exp. Yonah 526 He prayed indeed, but 
it was tumultuously, and expostulatory-wise. 

+Expo'sture. Os. rare—'. [f. Expose or 

L. expostt- (see Exposition), on the analogy of 
posture, composture, etc.] = EXPOSURE. 

1607 SHaks. Cor. 1v. i. 36 A wilde exposture, to each chance 
That start’s i’ th’ way before thee. ; 

xposure (ekspdwziiu). [Appeared with 
composure, disposure, ¢ 1600 ; app. of English form- 
ation, from Exposx, by form-assoc. with enciose, 
enclosure, or other words in which the formation 
was etymological, repr. L. -siva: see -URE.] 

1. The action of exposing; the fact or state of 
being exposed. 

a. The action of uncovering or leaving without 
shelter or defence ; unsheltered or undefended con- 
dition. Also, the action of subjecting, the state or 
fact of being subjected, ¢o any external influence. 

1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. 1. iii. 195 To weaken and discredit 
our exposure, How ranke soeuer rounded in with danger. 
1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 324 The ball.. notwithstanding 
its exposure... appears as bright as it did the first day it was 
screwed on. 1796 Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 44 
Whatever in his pedigree has been dulcified by an exposure 
to the influence of heaven, 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. xvi. 
(ed. 2) 304 So unusual an exposure of the globe of the eye. 
1807 Med. Jrnl. XV 11.233 The eruption .. appeared in con- 
sequence of her exposure to the variolous infection. 1 
T. J. Granam Mod, Dom. Med. 579 Free exposure to col 
is highly serviceable in small pox. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 
II. xv. 165 Days and nights of adventurous exposure and 
recurring disaster. 1878 Hexrey Physiogr. 66 After ex- 
posure, the acid is found to be weaker. 1879 Cassell’s 
Techn, Educ. U1. 1 The exposure of the plate to light is 
continued for the requisite time. — 

b. The action of abandoning (an infant). 

1863 Drarer /ntell. Devel. Europe v. (1865) 117 He recom- 
mends the exposure of deformed and sickly infants. 

ce. Presentation or disclosure to view ; public ex- 
hibition, esp. of goods for sale. 

1605 Suaxs. Mach, u. iii. 133 When we haue our naked 
Frailties hid, That suffer in exposure. 1853 Cham. Fru, 
Oct., The exposure of ordinary goods in a store is not more 
open to the public than are the sales of slaves in Richmond. 
1874 Green Short Hist. viii. 514 Prynne and his fellow 
pamphleteers.. listened with defiance to their sentence of 
exposure in the pillory. 1885 Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 
251 Those Acts expressly prohibit the exposure for sale of 
goods in those streets. aie i : 

d. The action of bringing to light (somethin 
discreditable) ; the unmasking or ‘ showing up 
of an error, fraud, or evil, of an impostor or secret 
offender. 

1826 Disrarii Viv. Grey u. v, By this unfortunate ex- 
posure .. Lorraine was obliged to give in a match..with.. 

iss Mexico. 1871 Mortry Voltaire (1886) 127 The ex- 
posure of Mahomet would have been counted a glorification 

of the rival creed. 1873 Burton ist. Scot, V1. \xxii. 298 
‘The exposure of the forgery makes a dramatic scene. . 

. concr. +a. An exposed or unprotected point 
(ohs.). b. A surface laid open to view, or to the 
operation of any agency. 

¢1611 Cuapman //iad vu. 62 If he with home-thrust iron 
can reach the exposure of my life. 1878 Huxiey Physiogr. 
73 The sea. .offers a vast exposure of salt water to the heat 
of the sun. Jd. xvii. 289 Below these come the Thanet 
beds of which good exposures may be seen at Herne Bay. 
1888 Dawson Geol. Hist. Plants 65 Specimens obtained 
from the rich exposures at Gaspé Bay. ; 

3. The manner or degree in which anything is 
exposed; es. situation with respect to sun and 
wind; ‘aspect’ with regard to the quarter of the 
heavens. 

1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 202 ‘Transplant Sampi 
to some very warm Exposure, as under a South-Wall, bid, 
229[The Green-house] being plac’d at the most es 
Exposure tothe Sun. 1710 Lonpon & Wise Compl. Gard. 
(1739) 175 The Fruits of the Northern —— ripen last 

all. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 55 This Lighthouse 
proves the practicability of a similar erection in any like 
ex, in the known world. 1827 Srevart Planter’s G. 
frie) 514 The shoots might measure more two and a 

If feet, in similar exposures. 1873 Tristram Afoad xiii. 
237 Scarped rocks .. far down the southern exposure. 

Expound (ekspawnd), 7. Forms a. 4-5 ex- 
poun-en, -pown-en, 4-6 expoun(e, -pown(e (5 
exponne); 8. 3-6 expounde, expownd(e (5 ex- 


| ordre expoune to me. 


| Au 


expouned, -pownd(e, ~ 
[ME. expoune-n, expounde, ad. OF. espondre, 


espundre, ex- (3 pl. i perl derivs. espon-, espond-) 
g. 


= Pr., Sp. esponer, espor, It. esporre:—L. ex- 
née, to put out, set explain: see EXponx, 
d of the Fr. inf. -fondre was mechanically 
developed in the transition from the # to the x of 
-ponre the regular contraction of L. -ponére; a 
e pple. -fondu and various derivatives were 
‘ormed on the inf. stem. 


In ME. the form was e¢. , adopted accord- 
ing to the usual practice from the finite of the Fr. vb. 5 
but the form exfounde, from the inf., equall 
early in northern writers (Hampole and the sersor Mandi}. 
In the coseee Se are ne b aby th let the 
tendency exhibited in sound for the earlier soun, and also 
by the frequent occurrence of expound as pple. In ac- 
cord with logy of expound = L. exponere, t 
earlier compoune, compone were in 16th c. by com- 
pound, propone by propound; in the former case the 


substitution may have been partly due to other causes: see 
Compounn v.] 

1. “rans. To set forth, declare, state in detail 
(doctrines, ideas, principles ; formerly, with wider 
application). . 

©3335 E. E. Allit. P. A. 37 To pat spot pat I in 
speche expoun I entred in pat erber grene. /éid. B. — 
Clopyngnel e ..aspeche, to hym pat  wolde 
Of a lady to loued. 1382 Wyciir /sa. xliv. 7 The 

1s19 Jnteri. Four Elements in 
Hazl. Dodsley 1. 37 He Tah cunningly Divers 

ints of cosmography. 1 Tixpate Acts xxviii. 2 
There cam many voto hym..to whom he expouned an 
testifyed the kyngdom off God. 1736 Suenstone School: 
mistress x, She..quaintly cou’d expound The Chicken- 
feeding Pow’r of ev'ry Crumb she found. 1748 Hartiey 
Observ. Max 1. iii. 344 Ideas, or the Motions by which 
they are expounded, 1812 Woopnouse Astron, xvi. 171 
Formula we its quantity and law, 1845 S. Austin 
Ranke’s Hist. Ref. 1. 455 The doctrines ex) by St. 
gustine. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) I. 162, I have.. an 
excellent interpretation..which I will expound to you. 

absol, 1g02 ArxoLve Chron. (1811) 70 We will and ordeigne 
that all curattz .. iiij tymes in the yere in the opens Sens 
publish and expowne. 16..Drypen Poems (1822) I. 242 The 
carrier’s not cc ission’d pound. 

b. To set forth, represent (a mathematical func- 
tion or quantity) by figures, symbols, etc. 

1708 E, Hatzey in Afisc. Cur. 11. 102 The roots may be 
expounded by Perpendiculars let fall, upon the Axis or 
given Diameter of the given Parabola, from the Intersections 
of that Curve with a Circle. 1812 Woopnovuse Astron. 
xxvi. 268 ‘These perturbations, when numerically expounded, 
are so insignificant, etc, 

2. To explain, interpret. 

a. gen, To explain (what is difficult or obscure) ; 


| to state the signification of; to comment on (a 


passage or an author). bis 

c1325 £. E. Aliit. P. B. 1727 Now expowne pe pis speche 
spedly'1 penk. 1436 Pol. Poems (18 Mr. 182 Expoune me 
this, and ye shall sothe it fynde. Cath. Angi. 119 To 
Expo(w)nde, commentari, 1511-2 Act 3 Hen, VII, & 


23 $12 The same Ambiguyte.. hall be Gees Sere 
ned. .by the Gaasaiee 628 . Srenctr Logick 113 This 


| definition hath nothing in it to be expounded. 1826 * COTT 


Woodst. viii, One who was exp some relig 
Mystery to them. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Il. 100 Our 
author proceeds to expound his own analysis. 


ay Cc 
maled. be 


. de W. 1531) 3 Saynt Gre: poundynge 
of Scripture sa’ DALL, ete, Eras. 
1548) Luke viii. 90 bles .. all 


Bramnatt Repiic. i. 5 The primitive Fathers expounded it 
[the Creed] where it did stand in need of ation, 
738 De For Fam, Instruct... i. (1841) 1. 17 The Spirit of 
God expounds the word of God to us, 1867 
Cradle L, viii. 220 .. Lord, having read .. the words 
regarding Himself. .expounded them to the people. 
absol. ax Hampoie Psalter Prol., In expounynge i 
fologh haly doctours, 1733 Neat //ist. Purit, 11. 272 He 


as - for ex, ing upon the Catechism. 1778 
eer Wks. po . 222, I have ventured .. to 
once in the church. 854 Macautay &: M 


isc. 
Wat. 1860 11. 230 Those saints who fought and ex- 


pounded in Fairfax’s vent 4 
+c. To interpret motives or reasons of a 
person. Obs. 
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iii. $5 Cicero doth excuse and 
pound the Philosophers for going too far. a 1680 Burtek 
Rem, (1759) 1. 25 He, that says what he thinks, lays hims 
self open to be ex: led by the most ignorant. 


+d. To give the meaning of (a word or name) ; 
ale co hac echenet or racien eae 
translate. Ods. ee re 
In .2 it is wel 

cL UCER 


x fre ys P. PLB. xi, 27 
to 

First wol I seint Cecilie Expoune. . It is 

say on En; , hevenes lilie, ¢ Ate 5 deol 

(MS. A} We moun knowe cargeste bi 

name: for siurge comeb of siros..& in englisch cies 

hand. ¢1450S¢. Cuthdert(Surtees) 9 fats apd 

walde expound, And telle it in 


Ww the name 


FRETS 


i: 


EXPOUNDABLE. 


Serm, Ploughers (Arb.) 33 For them yat be vnlearned I 
wyll expounde it. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxii. 
79 As soon as the Interpreter had read the Letter, and 
expounded the contents thereof. 

e. To interpret, explain the significance of (a 
dream, vision, symbol, etc.) ; to interpret, solve (a 
riddle) ; rarely, to explain, account for (a pheno- 
menon). ach. 

1375 Cantic. de Creatione 773 in Anglia 1, Pe angel anon 
gan it expoun and tolde him what it [a tree] was, c 1386 
Cuaucer Monk's T. 166 Daniel .. the dremes of the kyng 
expowned, ¢1400 Rom. Rose 7176, 1 wole bigynne, To ex- 
powne you the pith withynne. cx1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 
728 His mayster on pis wyse had Expounde his visyoun. 
1535 CoverpaLe Fudges xiv. 14 They coulde not expounde 
the ryddle. 1596 SHaxs. Tas. Shr.iv.iv.79 My Master. . 
has left mee here behinde to expound the meaning or morrall 
of his signes and tokens. a@ 1680 Butter Rew. (1759) I. 215 
The Stagyrite, unable to expound The Euripus, leapt into’t, 
and was drown'd. 1814 Worpsw. IVAite Doe 1. 223 Studious 
to expound The spectacle, | 

f. To infer from indications. vave-}. 

1821-56 De Quincey Confess.(1862) 269 The clouds by which 
chiefly the eye expounds the distance of the blue pavilion 
stretched over our heads. 

g. ref. +To explain one’s meaning (ods.). Also, 
to be one’s own expositor. 

16or Cornwattyes £ss. 1. xlviii. (1631) 307 An abilitie 
to behold things ambiguous with the true sight gives. .cir- 
cumstances, leave to expound themselves, 166x BRAMHALL 
Fust Vind, vii. 163 The Pope was forced to expound him- 
self. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 316 The people call you 
—— let it be : But not of those that can expound them- 
Selves. 

3. To give a particular interpretation to; to 
construe in a specified manner. With adv. or 
Phrase. Now chiefly in aw. 

1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 21 § 19 Prouided alwaies, that 
this act nor anythinge..therein conteined, shalbe. .inter- 
ag or expouned, that, etc. 1534 Morr Ox the Passion 

Wks. 1314 Some expowne also those woordes .. to sygni- 
fye that [etc.]. x SPENSER F, Q. ut. iv. 28 That deadly 
wownd..The which his mother vainely did expownd to be 
hart-wownding love. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. Matt. 
x. 23 This hard Text is variously expounded. 1767 
BracksTone Com. 11, 381 That a devise be most favour- 
ably expounded. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 191 ‘The 
courts..expound the will in such a manner as to carry the 
testator’s intention into effect. 1839 THir-waLt Greece IV. 
445 Sparta..was constituted the interpreter of the treaty ; 
she expounded it by the rule, not of reason, but of might. 

tb. To expound (a statement, etc.) concerning 
or of; to explain as referring to. Ods. 

¢ 1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 241 Men expownen 
comounly pis prophecie of oure Jesus. cx14gs0 Mirour 
Saluacioun 3767 This may be wele expovned of the blissed 
virgyne marie. 1574 tr. Mardlorat’s Apocalips 14 They. .that 
go about to expound this place concerning Christ, accord- 
ing to the letter; do wrest it too violently. 1645 UssHER 
Body Div. (1647) 85 Which place Paul expoundeth of the 
Holy Ghost. 31724 A. Cottns Gr. Chr. Relig. 236 Those 
of whom they are ordinarily expounded. 

+c. To render by a specified term. 
plement, or Const. for. Obs. 

1530-1 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 13 No person..being a 
comon Baker, Brewer..shall be interpreted or expounded 
handicrafts men. 1531 Etyor Gov.1. i, Chaos..of some is 
expounde a confuse mixture. 1533 More Answ. Poisoned 
Bk. Wks. 1087/2 Men..that expounde those wordes of 
Christ..to be spoke and ment of the very eating of hys 
blessed body. 1599 THynNE Aximadv. (1875) 33 ‘Or- 
frayes’ yo" expounde ‘Goldsmythes Worke’. 1607 ‘TopsELL 
Four, Beasts (1658) 69 Rabbi Solomon, and Abraham 
Ezra, expound Egel; for a Calf of one year old. . 

+d. To interpret as a prognostic of something, 
Const. 40. Ods. 

c1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. iv. (1544).7 a, Worthy Ninus .. 
expouned his laughter to great felicitye. 

+4. In etymol. sense of L. expdnere (cf. EXPose). 
To expose to view. Ods. rare. 

1651 Life Father Sarpi (1676) 38 He celebrated the Mass, 
and every Wednesday expounded upon his Altar the holy 
Sacrament. 1664 Butter Wud. u. iii. 1087 First, he ex- 
pounded both his Pockets, And found a Watch, with Rings 
and Lockets. 

Hence Expou'nded ///. a., Expownding v2/. 
sb., the action of the vb. ExpoUND ; concr. an expo- 
sition or interpretation. Expounding ///. a. 

¢€ 1380 Wycurr Se/. Wks, III. 272 False expounyng of holy 
writt. ¢1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) u. xli, 
I fele wel of thy Name be true expownynge that thou art 
Jhesu hele. 1483 Cath. Angl. 119 An Expow(n)dynge; 
seeenae ems 187% cones ie gd Sea ye. 2A ee 

ing or expownding part of speache. 1 . Eaton Honey- 
c. Free Fustific. Irina, Expounded texts and verses. 1643 
Mitton Divorce xiii. (1851) 55 A yoke. .which. .nothing but 
unwary expounding hath brought upon us. 1745 WESLEY 
Answ. Ch. 3 One of our English Brethren..said in his 
Publick Expounding, *As many go to Hell by praying as 
by thieving.” 1881 Manarry O/d Grk. Educ. xi. 137 The 
repeating and expounding of the founder's view. 

Expoundable (ckspawndab’l), a. [f. prec. 

+-ABLE.] .That may be expounded or explained ; 
capable of being expounded. Z 

1887 T2win Soul Il. i. 2 To expound their-views, as far as 
they were expoundable, : , 

Expounder (ekspau‘ndez). Also 4-5 ex- 
powner, 5 expownder. [f. as prec. + -ERI.] 
One who expounds; an expositor. Occasionally 
transf. of a thing : That which serves to expound. 


1388 Wyciir Gex. xli. 7 He [Farao] sente to alle the 
expowneris of Egipt..and..he telde the dreem. ¢ 1449 


With com- 


4.45 


Pecock ReJr. 1. xii. 65 Alle expowners and glose 3euers to 
Holi Scripture. 1535 CoverDate 1 Sa. xxviii. 3 Saul had 
dryuen the soythsayers and expounders of tokens out of y* 
londe. 1565 JeweL Repl. Harding 120 The Custome and 
practise of the people, is the best expounder of the Lawe. 
1786 Burke W’. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 115 Magistrates 
and expounders of the Mahomedan law. 1869 tr. Pouchet’s 
Universe (1871) 3 Bonnet, one of the most zealous ex- 
pounders of natural history. 1875 Jowretr Plato (ed. 2) V. 
6 The argument of which the Athenian is the expounder. 

Hence + Expou'ndress, Ods. rave, a female ex- 
pounder. 

1604 Supplic. Masse Priests § 37 The Romish Church, 
whom they make chiefe expoundresse of Scriptures. 

+ Expow'nitour. Obs. rare—*.  [f. expoune, 
ExrounD v., on the analogy of exfositor.] An 
expounder, expositor. 

¢1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. 111, 202 Expounitouris on pe 
gospellis and pistelis. 

Expouse, obs. form of Espoussx v. 

Expoyl, var. of Exspoit ods. 

+ Expre'me, v. Ods. Chiefly Sc. Forms: 
5-7 expreme, 6 exprime, 7 expreeme, -eime. 
[ad. (directly or through F. exprimer), L. exprim- 
ére to Express. For the phonology cf. vedeez.] 
trans, = EXPRESS v. 6-8. 

c1470 Harpinc Chron. xxxi. ili, The first he was, as 
chronicles expreme, That in this isle of Brytein had croune 
of golde. 1524 St. Papers Hen. VIII, VI. 222, I cannot 
with my tong or penne exprime the inwarde joye which I 
haue taken. 1588 A. Kinc tr. Canisius’ Catech. 15 That 
sinne bringes sua greate skaithe to the saule, as na tonge is 
abiltoexpreme. 1609 SKENE Reg. Mayz., Stat. Robt. J, 23 1n 
pleyes of debt, sould be named and expreimed, the zeare, 
day, the quantitie of the debt. @ 1651 CaLpErwoop //ist. 
Kirk (1843) IL. 353 He hath offered to doe his devoire, by 
the law of armes, in maner before expreemed. 

Express (ekspre's), a. adv. and 56.1 Forms: 
4-6 expres, 4-7 expresse, 6- express, 7 compar. 
expresser. [ad. Fr. exprés (fem. expresse) = Pr. 
expres, Sp.espreso, Pg.espresso, It. espresso, ad. 1. ex- 
press-us, pa, pple. of exprimére: see EXPRESS v.] 

A. adj. 

I. 1. Of an image or likeness: Truly depicted, 
exactly resembling, exact. Now chiefly with re- 
miniscence of Hed. i. 3. Cf. EXPREss v. 5. 

1513 More Rich, ///. Wks. 61/2 This is y* fathers own 
figure. .y® playne expresse lykenes of y’ noble Duke. 1579 
Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 36 Thy byrth doth shewe the expresse 
and liuely Image of gentle bloud. 1611 Bisie //eé, i. 3 The 
expresse image of his person. 1612 T. ‘Taytor Comm. Titus 
ii. 7 Shew thy selfe a patterne, and expresse type wherein 
[etc.]. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. vu. 528 Hee Created thee, in the 
Image of God Express. 1764 Rein /xguiry 1. ii. 69 Lan- 
guage is the express image and picture of human thoughts. 
1774 J. Bryant AMythol, I. 431 The Deity is here described 
sitting ..in the express form of the Minotaur. a@ 1853 
Ropertson Ser. Ser. 1. x. 125 The universe is the express 
image and direct counterpart of the souls that dwell in it. 

b. Well framed or modelled. sonce-tse. 

1602 SHaks. Haz. 1. ii. 317 What a piece of worke is a 
man !..In forme, and mouing, how expresse and admirable ! 

II. (Cf. Express v. 6-10). 

+2. Of a fact, condition, etc.: Stated, explicitly 
recorded. In early use as fa. pple. Obs. 

¢1386 Cuaucer Wife's Proi. 719 Lo here expresse of 
wommen may ye fynde, That woman was the losse of al 
mankynde. ¢ 1386 —W7fe's T. 313 Ther shull ye seen ex- 
presse..That he is gentil that doth gentil dedis. 1686 Goap 
Celest, Bodies 1. v. 225 There is not above 30 days but are 
windy, and rainy, or of express heat [cf. 27d. 1. xii. 56 We 
must distinguish of warm Days, Days of Expressed Notation 
for Warmth or Heat]. : 

3. Of a meaning, purpose, stipulation, law, etc. : 
Expressed and not merely implied; definitely for- 
mulated; definite, explicit. Of language, state- 
ments, indications: Definite, unmistakable in 
import. 

When used of a law, stipulation, grant, etc., the adj. may 
have either this sense or sense 4, and often appears to have 
a mixed notion of the two. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer /Vife’s Prol. 61 Wher can ye seen .. That 
highe God defended mariage By expresse word? c 1425 
Wyntoun Croz. 1x. xxvii. 151 Agane be Lauch expres .. 
chosyn wes Dis Knychtis son, 1550 Bate Afol. 117 b, 
Neyther .. is ther any expresse doctryne of vowes in all the 
whole wurke. 1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India 75 [He] 
commaundid that none of his men shoulde goe out. . without 
his expresse licence upon _paine of death. 1594 Hooker 
Eccl. Pol. 1. xvi. (1611) 49 We have no expresse purpoce to 
make that our end. 1605 Br. Morton (¢i¢/e), Exact Dis- 
coverie of Romish Doctrine .. collected out of the expresse 
dogmatical principles of Popish Priests and Doctors. 1616 
B. Jonson Zfigr. xl, All the gazers on the skies Read not 
in fair heaven’s story Expresser truth..Than they might in 
her bright eyes. 1659 HAmMMonp Ox Ps. exviii. 27 Annot. 594 
The insuing verse is express. 1662 STiLLincrL. Orig. Sacr. 
ut iv. § 13 We have the express testimony of Epiphanius. 
rae Bracxstone Cowzwz. 11. 443 Express contracts are where 
the terms of the agreement are openly uttered and avowed 
at thetime of the making. 185: Hv. Martineau Hist. Peace 
(1877) IIL. 1v. ix. 22 Mr. Stanley’s answer was express and 
clear. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. li. 285 Sometimes 
by express, more often by a tacit understanding. | 

+b. Hence of persons or an authority: Distinct 
in making a statement, outspoken, explicit. Ofa 
state of mind: Fixed, free from vacillation. Ods. 

@1593 H. Smita Wks, (1867) IT. 425 Theodoret .. is most 
express against t b lation, 1665 GLANVILL Scefs. 
Sct,.17 Trismegistus is express in the assertion of the same 
Doctrine. 1667 H. More Div, Dial. 1. iii. (1743) 14, I love 


EXPRESS. 


to feel myself of an express and settled judgment. a 1704 
Locke (J.), Where reason or Scripture is express for any 
opinion, or action, we may receive it as of divine authority. 
1704 Lond. Gaz. No. 4037/5 Her Majesty is very express in 
what She proposes. 1778 N. Laurens in Sparks Corr. 
Amer, Rev. (1853) 11. 117 Our Commissioners .. are not so 
express .. as they might have been. 

+e. Of a voice: Distinctly uttered. Ods. 

c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5667 Pe childe foloude and 
sayde pan, with’ a voyce expresse. 1700 Drypen Fables, 
Ovid's Met. xu. 71, Nor silence is within, nor voice ex- 
press, But a deaf noise of sounds that never cease. 

d. Express malice (Law): malice of which 
there is actual evidence; opposed to zmplied 
malice, that which is inferred merely from the 
nature of the unlawful act committed. + Lxfress 
witchcraft; ? manifest, open witchcraft. 

1567 Scot. Poems 16th C. 11. 260 O faithles flock !.. Man- 
tenaris of murther, witchcraft expres, Tresoun amang 30w 
does daylie incres. 1769 Biackstone Com, 1V. xiv. 199 
Malice may be either express, or implied in law. Express 
malice is..when one, with a sedate..deliberate mind and 
formed design, doth kill another. 1808 Lr Banc in East 
Rep. 1X. 363 Without proof of malice, either express or 
implied. 

e. Specifically designated or considered; special. 

1848 Mitt Pol, Econ. ut. xiv. §4 When we treat of that 
express subject. 1855 Bain Senses § Jit. 1. ii. § 23 Natural 
History makes a more express business of the classifying 
operation. 

4. Specially designed or intended for a particular 
object ; done, made, or sent ‘on purpose.’ Of a 
messenger: Specially dispatched. Also aéso/. in 
phrase + Jv express: ? for a purpose (unless this be 
an early instance of ExprEss 50.2). 

a1400 Cov. Myst. 115 Ffarewel, Gabryel .. Goddys ma- 
sangere expresse. ¢ 1420 Padlad. on Hush. 11. 403 Rapes 
make wele to smelle In condyment is nowe the tyme ex- 
presse. ¢1460 Towneley Myst. 209 Pilatus. 1 am sakles of 
this bloode.. Both my handes in express weshen shalle be. 
1524 Wotsey in St. Papers Hen. VITT, (1849) VI. 317, I re- 
ceyvid new letters from you, sent by an expresse curror. 
1619 Vcr. Doncaster in Ang. § Germ. (Camden) 137 Send 
. with all possible speede by an expresse messenger. 1782 
Priestiey Corrupt. Chr. I. x. 260 Express laws were made 
to prevent [it]. 1845 CartyLe Cromwell (1871) I. 16 In 
these two little offhand bits of writing .. there is more in- 
sight obtainable, than in any of the express Biographies. 
1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 123 The social union is the 
express creation .. of the Deity. 

b. Lapress train, Originally =‘ special train’ ; 
but about 1845 applied to a train running ‘ ex- 
pressly’ for the conveyance of passengers to onc 
particular place, and not stopping at the inter- 
mediate stations; now, a train running at a high 
rate of speed, and stopping only at a few important 
stations. Hence Lwfress speed. 

1841 SAunvers Rep. Committee Railw. Q, 2051 It was 
probable that an express train would come up. 1842 W. F. 
Cooke Telegr. Rattw. 19, 1 will now follow an Express, and 
therefore unexpected train in its course from Derby to 
Leicester. 1845 Bradshaw's Rail. Guide May 14 ‘The 
accommodation by the Express ‘Trains being limited, Pas- 
sengers who arrive first will have the preference. 1845 C. B. 
Vicnotes in Life (1889) 269 Went down to Birmingham 
by the ‘express’ train. 1849 Macauay ¥rvd. 16 Aug., The 
express train reached Holyhead. 1862 Gifts & Graces xii. 
127 We must step into an express train. 

ce. Express rifle: a rifle constructed to discharge 
a bullet with a high initial velocity and a low 
trajectory. Lapress bullet: an expanding bullet 
for use with an express rifle. Lapress shooting: 
shooting with an express rifle. 

1 Merrorp in Walsh Mod. Sportsman’s Gun 1. 12 
This being a sort of ‘rough and tumble’ gauge of Express 
shooting at 100 yards. 1884 Sir H. Hatrorp 7did. Il. 14 
These rifles [made by Purdey in 1859] must be considered 
as the first of the class now known as Express—a term be- 
lieved to have been first used either by the late Lord Henry 
Bentinck or by Lord Leconfield. 1888 Pad/ Mall G, 10 July 
7/t It has been proved that ‘express’ bullets are used by 
the Zulus or their allies. 

da. Express delivery: (in the Postal service) im- 
mediate delivery by special messenger, on a sys- 
tem introduced in 1891 ; so express fee, messenger, 
packet, etc. [Here it is difficult to separate the 
adj. from attrib. uses of the sé.] 

1891 Post Office Guide Oct. 227 There is no Express de- 
livery..on Sunday, Good Friday, or Christmas Day. 1892 
Ibid. Apr. 17 On the delivery of an Express Packet, the de- 
livering Messenger may take a reply. . The Express fee must 

prepaid. /écd. 18 Letters and Parcels are accepted for 
conveyance by Express Messenger to the General Post Office. 

B. adv. [Cf. Expressty.] 

+1. Clearly, plainly, unmistakably. With verbs 
of speaking : In distinct terms, positively. .Ods. 

c1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 1158 Danyel .. devysed- sum 
tyme, As. . is proued expresse in his profecies. 14.. Purif. 
Maryin Tundale’s Vis. 130 To the law sche mekely wold 
obey From poynt to poynte the gospel seyth expresse. c 1450 
St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 33% Pis chapiter it schewes expresse 
What fandyng he tholed in sekenes. 1556 LaupER Tractate 
255 Haue 3e thare herts, I say expresse, Than all is 3ours 
that thay possesse. 1712 BerKetry Pass. Obed. § 23 Such 
a contract is an express known part of the fundamental 
constitution of a nation. i 

+2. a. Followed by against: Directly. b. 
With respect to dimension or number: Exactly. 
e. Completely. Ods. 


ies 20") «sal ll 


c= eS Ie wo 


EXPRESS, 


a. ¢1386 Cnaucer Doctor's 7. 182 Virginius..holdeth 
expresse ajeinst be wille of me My seruaunt. 1578 Gude & 
Godly 2 158 The Leuittis . . reft thair teind and mekill 
mair, Expres aganis Goddis command. 

b. 1475 Partenay 3004 Fiftene fote long this Geaunt 
was expresse. 3583 RADSHAW St. Werburge 1. 142 Also the 
yeres of our bl sauyoure Syxe hundreth foure score and 
nyne expresse The Brytons were expulsed..From England 
to walles. 

c. ¢1475 Partenay 4357 Hys hauberke dismailled all 
expresse. 
our harmis : istres! Our panefull labour passit is expres. 

3. Specially, on purpose, for a particular end ; 
hence (to go, send, etc.) with speed. In mod. 
use also, by express mi t or train. 

1386 Cuaucer Doctor's T. 105 This mayde, of which I telle 
my tale expresse. 1667 Pevys Diary (1879) 1V. 368, I sent 
Mr. C. express thither to see how matters go. 1708 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 4490/3 M. Osten .. came Express .. to make his 
Compliments to his Prussian Majesty. 1760 ‘T. Hurcutn- 
son Hist. Coll. Mass. iii. 398 A small vessel had been sent 
to England express. . with a representation of the exposed 
state of the colony. x Disraeut Coningsby 1. ix, As if 
the grand furniture and the grand servants had all come 
down express from town. 1870 LoweLt Study Wind. 2 A 
piece of news worth sending express. | 

Comb, 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit. xi. 278 No express- 
rider, no Sty: no magistrate. 

<< 50. 

1, =Lxpress messenger: see A. 4. Now Hist. 
or arch. exc. in sense of an express messenger of 
the Postal Department. 

1619 Vct. Doncaster in Exg. & Germ. (Camden) 177, 1 
will spedily advertise his Maty by an expresse. 1680 Lond. 
Gaz. No. 1536/4 An Express is arrived in 14 days from 
Madrid, but we know not what he brings. 1 ae 
Livincston in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) Ill. 2 
‘This hasty letter is written while the express waits. 1816 
Keatince 7rav. 1. 34 Faster than an express could travel ; 
at least in these regions. 1856 Emerson Eng. 7raits, 
Lhe Times Wks, (Bohn) II. 118 Its expresses outrun the 
despatches of the government. 1891 Daily News 4 Apr. 6/7 
We expect the Post Office to convey the necessary orders— 
either by post, by telegraph, by telephone, or by ‘express.’ 

b. ¢ransf. The message sent by an ‘ express’; 
a dispatch. 

1642 Mitton (tite) Observations upon some of his 
Majestie’s [Charles 1.] late Answers and Expresses. 1659 
Pearson Creed (1839) 282 By an express written to Tiberius, 
and by him presented to the senate. 1 Dryven Aurengz. 
1. i, A new Express all Agra doesafright. 1741 MippLETON 
Cicero I, y. 356 Cicero..received two expresses from his 
Brother Quintus. 1807 Beverley §& Kexby Road Act 6 
Conveying the mails of letters and expresses under the 
authority of His Majesty’s Post-Master General. 18.. 
Wextincton in Daily News 20 Nov. (1891) 5/1 Blucher 
picked the fattest man in his army to ride with an express 
foane. 1854 Dickens Hard T. 1. ix, Bitzer had come.. 
with an express from Stone-Lodge. 

ce. ? A special errand. 

c 1817 Hoe Tales & Sk. 11. 215 Tam’s wife had occasion 
to cross the wild heights on some express. . 

2. Short for a. express-train; b. express hee 

a. 1848 Dickens Doméey lv, Express comes through at 
four, Sir. 1867 ‘Trottore //e Anew xxiii, [He] went down 
..by the early express to Exeter. 

b. 1884 Pall Mall G. 19 Aug. 5/1 A wealthy ‘ potter’ 
.. blazed away with a double express at the deer compelled 
to pass him. 1888 Riper Haccarp Maiwa's Revenge 127 
I, handing him the carbine, took from him my express. 

U. S. An institution (conducted by private en- 
terprise) for the transmission of parcels, etc. Also 
attrib. Cf. EXPRESS a. 4d. 

The carrying of goods by ‘ express,’ first introduced in 1839 
(see quot. 1858) has had an enormous development in the 
United States. In Great Britain the system exists, but the 
name is little used, though it has been adopted in the dis- 
tinctive designations of one or two of the ‘forwarding 
agencies,’ as they are usually called. 

1858 Homans Cycl. Comm. 644 s.v. Express, William F. 
Harnden. . start usiness in the spring of 
1839. /bid. 645 The express companies. .transmit nearly all 
the specie and bullion, etc. 1860 BartLetr Dict. Amer., 
Express Office, an establishment which rapidly transmits 
parcels and goods. Express Wagon, the wagon in which 
packages, boxes, etc., are taken to and from an express 
office. 186. Postage Stamp Inscr., Pony Express. 1863 
Stamped Envelope Inscr., Paid, Wells, Fargo, & Co, 
Through our California and Atlantic Express. 1880 Daily 
News 20 Nov. ps An express clerk walks through the train, 
takes the checks of passengers who want their taceses de- 
livered, and gives written receipts for them. 

The goods carried by an ‘ express’. 

1858 Homans Cycl, Comm. 644 Harnden himself acted in 
that capacity [as ‘ messenger’) carrying his entire express 
in an ordinary valise. 

Hence Express v., U. S., trans. to send by 
express, Expre'ssage, the sending ofa parcel by 
express; the charge or cost of this. 

a18%0 Washington Republic Bartlett Dict. Amer. The 
President's message will be expressed through to Boston, 
by order of the Postmaster-General. 1864 Wester Z.xfress, 
to send by express messenger, Lxfressage, the charge for 
carrying a parcel by express 1880 Daily News 20 Nov. 5/4 
aes is a saving in going by the horse-cars and ‘ expressing 
the lu, 
Advt., The books will 


shilli ik. Amer, 

dot The books wil'be sont by exprese €.0.0., the re: 
ceiver paying expressage or freight, 1888 Harfer’s Mag. 
Dec. 11/1 The expressage or postage has not been i 
+ ss (ekspre's), s.4 Obs. [f. the yb. 
Cf. late L. expressus (u stem).] 

1. The action of expressing or representing by 
words, signs, or actions; an instance of this. 
Const. of. 


the express 


1513 Dovetas nets xu. ii. 52 To mak end of 
and d 


So ieaer asec ee tenes 
: is 
3 Papa - XI.156 Allow of other expresses 


b. A condition or product in which something 
is ex ; a manifestation. (Revived by Kings- 
ley-with stress express, after Z-mpress.) 

1644 Jer. TayLor Psalter cxxxvi, Making all Thy crea- 
tures to be expresses of Thy power. . SPENCER 
Prodigies (662) It seems to have been the common 
maxim. .t | aiffictions were the expresses of displeasure. 
1848 Kincstey Saint's 7rag. 1. iii. 232 Grace brings no 
merit When ‘tis the express of our own self-will. 

2. A mode of speech, phrase ; an utterance. 

1644 Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy v. 42 He compares 
these serious expresses to Trajans sudden and excessive 
speech, 1647 Jen. Tayior Lid. Proph. v. 84, | have shewed 
Scripture in its plain expresses to an al t rule of 
Faith. @1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 1687 1. 361 Surely those 
—— are used in condescension to signify the .. charit- 
able benignity of God. tae . 

b. A specific mention, statement, or injunction. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. v. § 6.91 This Gentleman 
. caused a man to goe downe. -into theSea. . with expresse to 
take notice..where it [Coral] groweth. 1660 Futter M/ixt 
Contempl. (1841) 206 ‘They no express in scripture that 
they should be freed from the particular miseries relating to 
this war, 1687 Towrrson Baftism 343 Some express to sig: 
nifie such a thing to be its purpose. a1g1x J. Norris A/isc. 


7 a . ure in wie 1720 ge er 
urv. ( . Vi. Me 2 In every this tom’ 
are all the this Ki in 
pee Ne 1 H. Wacrote Ataf Anecd. Paint. 
17 at n 

AS canine tag Gon eo 
low the ome surface of the adjacent as rudely 

Aa in t A. +. 


+b. To bean image or likeness of; to resemble 
[After L. exprimere). Obs. 

1483 Caxton Gold. 1. p ga/s. Tile handan tm d the 
lyknes and symylitude a more brother. esa, 
etc. Erasm. Par, Acts xvii. 64 Man expresseth ..asthe 
childe doeth resemble hys father or mother. 1635 A. Star- 
rorD Fem, Glory (1869) 147 Her arms ex! the Crosse on 
which Hee dide. Dryven Virg. Past. 1. 32 Kids and 
Whelps their Sires and Dams express. 

6. To represent symbolically. Said both of the 


| agent and the symbol employed. In J/ath. to re- 


(1687) 215 They. .contradict the general design and particular 


expresses of the Gospel. 

3. A graphic representation, image ; jig. a type, 
model (of virtues). 

1513 Dovucias #neis x1. vi. 161 This Ene was first, all 
out, expres Of reuth, compassioun, and of gentilnes. 1646 Six 
'T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xx. 262 They discoursed in silence, 
and were intuitively understood from the theory of their 
Expresses. 1646 J Grecory Notes § Observ. (1684) 51 Some 
ancient Coyns have been called by the name of their Ex- 
presses, as .. (saith Pollux) «ai éxaAeito Bows, éte Bovy elxev 
euteturwpévor, from the figure of an ox imprinted. 

b. A ‘stamp,’ impressed character. 

1667 WateRHovse Jive Lond. 2 This fatal accident had 
a more than ordinary express of fury. 

Express (ckspre's), v. Also 4-6 expresse. 
[ME. expresse, a. OF. espresser, expresser = Pr. 
espressar, Sp. espresar, Pg. expressar, med. L. ex- 
pressare (15th c. in Du Cange), f. L, ex- out + 
pressare to press, frequentative of premére, to press. 
Taken as Eng. repr. of L. exprimére of which the 
chief senses were I. to press out; 2. to form (an 
image) by pressure, to represent in sculpture or 
painting 3. to represent or set forth in words or 
actions.] I. To press out. 

1. trans. To press, squeeze, or wring out; to 
press (juice, air, etc.) from, out of (anything). 

c 31400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 127 (MS. A.) & pei fulfillen pe 
wounde..as I have seid, with be cloob expressid of pe white 
of an ey. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, When men of 
malice. .his venym vtterly expresse. 1569 R. ANpxosE tr. 
Alexis’ Secr.\w.u. 37 Put them all into an Orenge. .and 
boyle them in hote embers, then expresse it. 1594 PLAT 
Jewell-ho., Chem. Concl. 16 Expresse their oile according 
to the manner herafter set down. 1638 T. Wurtaker Blood 
of Grape 18 Newly exprest from the grape. 1757 A. Coorer 

istiller i. lii. (1760) 226 Express the Juice and Spirit. 
1804 Asernetuy Surg. Odbserv. 94 To puncture the 4 
tumour, to express the contents, 1880 Daily News 26 Feb. 
5/2 The oil or oleomargarine is expressed from the fat. 

b. jig. (a) To extort or elicit by pressure. 
+ (4) To expel, get rid of, by force (ods.). 

(a) 1547 J. Harrison E-xhort. Scottes 232 Youre countrey 
weepinge to you with arg | teares, which your selfes do 
expresse, and wring out of her, and enforce her to shed. 
1609 Hottann Amm. Marcell. xxix. iv. 365 The truth was 
by torture expressed. 1612 Wesster White Devil 1. i, Per- 
fumes. .chaf’d..render Their pleasing scents; and so afflic- 
tion Expresseth virtue fully 1828 HALLAM Afid, Ages (1872) 
I. 209 ‘Io employ them [Jews] as a spunge to suck their 
subjects’ money, which they might afterwards express, 

(6) 1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. Ep. (1593) 6 ‘Temperance 
which doth all fowle concupiscence express. 1583 James 
VI in Holinshed Hist. Scotd. (1585) 442 That..the veritie 
may be tried and all heresie and schisme. .ex 

2. To emit or exude, as if by pressure. 

16a1 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. u. i. 21 Spirit is a most 
subtile vapor, which is expressed 0 
Six T. Hersert 7rav. 46 Ormus is an ile. of which..t! 
Silver-shining Sand expresseth Sulphur. 1657 S. Purcuas 
Pol. Flying-/ns. 158 Waxe . expressing in some sort a scent 


of honie. 1855 THackeray Newcomes I, 110 into 
which a thousand flowers have exp d their 
breath, 1882 Pa/l Mall G. 28 June 5‘x Their honey-dew, 
which the aphides express when caressed by the antennz of 
their masters, 

3. To press or squeeze out the contents of, Now 


rare. 
Br, Hatt Hard Texts 289 To expresse and make use 
of that sweet fruit. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. tv. vii. 
197 A bladder blowne is weightier Sen pan cepey ae if it 
ine a quart, exp d and emptied it wil about 
halfe a ralea. 1725 Braviey Fam. Dict. s.v. Nutmeg, 
aad oy —— age x a ee to aan them 
strongly, . Temp. Frni, LA, 141 After 
have a expressed, me ~" hind 
+4. To press hard (in battle). Ods. rare". 
¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xli, (1890) 152 Seeng herself so 


sore expressyd, her knyghtes and her men 


present by a figure, symbol, or formula. Phrase, 
To express (a quantity) 72 terms of (another). 
1649 Br. Reynoips /fosea ii. 83 They the better 


| expres the condition of strangers. 1662 Srituincrt. Orig. 
Sacr. 11.ii. §6 A Child to express comes into the world, an 


| them, 


old man for going out of it. 1684 Sch. Recreat, 115 
The Characters placed on the five Lines, express the Notes 
themselves. a 1749 Boyse 7riumphs Nat. 199 The dim 
twilight of the arch above Seems to express the queen's 
disastrous love. 1751 Cuampers Cyci. s.v. Fluxion, To 
express the fluxions of simple variable quantities .. you need 
ony put the.. letters which express them with a dot over 

1811 Hutton Course Math. 111. 372 The fluxional 
equa. expressing the relation between + 2. 31816 J. 
Ssutn Panorama Sc. §& Art 1. 38 Instruments have even 


| been described, which express upon paper., the several 
winds that have blown. "1838 T. Tuomson Chem, pS 
horic aci 


Bodies 34 lf we express the position of P 
by the Sonela 5(C# H1})+0%. 1857 Maurice 4p. St. Fohn 
xvii. 275 The divine, holy, self-sacrificing life which it [the 


blood sign] would appear to ex 


| them, that..th 


| —_— it upon thee my child. 
a 


press, 

7. To manifest or reveal by external tokens. Of 
actions, appearances, etc.: To betoken. Now al- 
most exclusively with reference to feelings or per- 
sonal qualities, the wider use being arch. or Poet. 

1549 Coverpate Evasm. Par, 1 Pet. 1 He admonisheth 

expresse a life worthie of their profession. 

1612 Beau. & Fi. Cupid's Rev.1. i, If he be A god, he will 

ild. 1665 Sin T. Hersert 7rav. 

77) 276 Such was the singular nal valour Ismael ex- 
ssed. ¢1720 Prior Henry & 


{mma 429 No longer shall 
| thy bodice aptly lac’d.. That air and harmony dl aon ex: 


press. @1763 Suenstone L/egies xi. 31, 1 =< -Tosee the 
trees express their planter'scare. 1814 Jane Austen Mans/. 
Park (1851) 177 Never did tone express indifference plainer, 
¢ 1850 Neate Hymns East. Ch. 80 The excellence t 
In Jesus was expressed. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 220 
robe .. that more Than hid her, clung about her 
lissome limbs. 1877 E. R. Conver Bas. Faith i, 10 Worship 
’ er expresses sentiment and emotion. 

. ref, 

1549 Coverpate Evasm. Par. 1 Pet, 11. 10 The inherit 
ance is ready..the possession whereof he hath. .entered for 
your sakes, so that you ex yourselves worthy of it, 
1655-60 Stantey Hist Philos. (1701) 275/2 They have ex- 
pressed themselves faithful in the of such 4 
as were committed to their Charge, 1858 HawtHorne J'7, 
& lt. Frnis. Lt God himself in the 


ng, pees sess , so far as they survive, 


xpresse? ¢ Wynroun Cron, vin. iv. 236 Til hawe of 
b Leawinge ‘¢ Cov: 


pame 
DALE Prov. i. 23 Lo, I 
Eaxt Mancu, Ad Mondo (x 


joyes expressed grow 
i A ha 
cee Se ae 


well. 
under 7 Administ. (1837) 11. 257 
oeerkts 

a1 


ah 


ref. To put one’s thoughts into words: to 


utter what one thinks ; 


EXPRESSED. 


thinking and expressing themselves. 1884 A. R. Penninc- 
t0N Wiclif viii. 247 He expresses himself still more strongly 
in his unprinted writings, 
“| confused use. 
1744 E, Heywoop Female Spectator (1748) I. 182 The 
admiration he expresses to have for her. 
¢. Of a word, phrase, or statement: To repre- 
sent (a thought, sentiment, state of facts); to de- 
note, import, signify. Also with sentence as 007. 
1526 Pilgr, Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 _b, The ordynary 
glose vpon the fyrst epystle of Saynt Paule to ye Corinthes 
doth expresse that..&c, 1588 Suaxs, LZ. LZ. LZ. 1. iii. 124 
Something..That shall expresse my _ true-loues fasting 
paine. 1729 Butter Serm, Wks. 1874 II. 51 No words can 
express too strongly the caution medal should be used, 1870 
Jevons Elem, Logic iii. 16 Every assertion or statement ex- 
Presses the agreement or difference of two things, 
+9. a. To mention, specify. Ods, 
¢1400 Maunpev, (Roxb.) xxiv. 112 Pe messangere of Godd 
expressed pat nowmer [nyne] so specially. “44 BokeNHAM 
Seyntys Introd. (Roxb.) 2 An austyn frere V (Ge name as 
now I ne wyl expresse. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 17 My 
frendys..as many as ben expressyd be name in this my seid 
wille. 16xx Biste Nas, i..17 These men, which are ex- 
pressed by their names. 1640 Yorke Union Hon. 84 M. 
Milles in his Catalogue never expresseth him. 1668 CuL- 
PEPPER & Cote Barthol. Anat. 1. iii. 5 In this Table are 
expressed the common Coverings of the Belly. 1772-84 
Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1204 The respective crews of both 
ships, remained as expressed in the two underwritten lists. 
b. To give an account of, describe. Obs. 
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Can. Veom. Prod. § T. 752 It werieth me 
to telle of his falsnesse ; And natheles yit wol I it expresse. 
1548 TinpDALE (¢t/e) A Briefe declaration of the Sacra 
ments, expressing the fyrst oryginall how they came up. 
1573 Asp. Parker Corr. (1852) 425, I thought it not against 
my profession to express my times, and give some testimony 
of my fellow-brothers. 1613 Heywoop Szlver Age m1, Wks. 
1874 III. 129 Heardsman, thou hast exprest a monstrous 
beast. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 12 Pelops’ Iv'ry 
Shoulder... with all the rest Of Grecian Tales, by Poets 
are exprest. 1 Matrtuus Popul. (1878) p. v, The Essay 
+-Was suggested as is expressed in the preface. 
+e. To state or describe (an object) as, or /o 
de (so and so). Also with for. Ods. 
* 1523 Firzuers. Surv. xx. 41 Homage, fealte, and iis. by 
the yere..And this he maye expresse the seruyce of the rent. 
15) FENTON Guicciard. (1618) 7 The Pope.. was not 
ashamed. .to call them his children, and expressed them to 
the world for such. 1662 Stituineri. Ovig. Sacr. 1. vi. $ 3 
He expresseth Adrastus to be the first King of Sicyon. 1784 
Cowrer Task u. 399, 1 would express him simple, grave, 
sincere. 
lading express this rum to be shipped on the risk of C. 
+d. To designate, mention by a certain title. 
1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 122 So Isaiah, Ezekiel, and 
Hosea, have expressed him, as we shall hereafter have 
farther occasion to show. 1677 Hate Contemfd. 11. 45 The 
‘Wise man chuseth to express him by that Title of Creator. 
te. zztr. To make mention, give an account 


of. Obs. 

1430-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 79 Mony prouinces, of whom 
hit schalle be expressede by ordre. 1g09 Hawes Past. 
Pleas. x1. i, Fame gan to expresse Of jeoperdous way to the 
toure peryllous. ‘i 

10, To state or mention explicitly ; opposed to 
imply. 

1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. i. 260 Is it so nominated in the 
bond? It is not so expresst ; But what of that? 1651 Hoppers 
Leviath. 1. xxii. 121 To other intent, than is in the Writing 
..expressed, 1724 Watts Logic 11. i, Wheresoever any of 
these words are used, there is a perfect aylogion expressed 
or implied. 1732 Berketey Adcifhr. 1. § 4 Hints and allu- 
sions, expressing little, insinuating much. 1817 W. SeLwyn 
Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11.751 The promise must be ex- 
pressed in the written memorandum or note. 

b. To draw up (a commission) in express 
terms ; to make out expressly. Obs. vare—}. 

1462 Paston Lett, No. 453 I1. 104 Debenham hathe a co- 
myscion of the Kyng expressed oonly for that schip named 
in hes comyscion, 


Expressed (ekspre'st), #A/. a. Also 6-8 ex- 
prest. [f. Express v.+-ED1.] 


1. Pressed out; extracted. or forced out by 


mechanical pressure. L.xfressed o7/ (see quot. 1859). 
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bh, Physicke 116/1 The best 
expressed oyle of Nutmegges. 1660 Boyte New Exp. Phys. 
Mech. xxiv, 188 After this express’d Oyl, we made tryal of 
a distill’d one. 1732 Arsutunot Rules of Diet 269 The 
express’d Juices of several Vegetables. 18539 GuLiick & 
Tiss Paint. 206 They [the fixed oils] are termed ‘ex- 
pressed’ oils because they are not extracted by distillation, 
like the essential oils. 31875 Ure Dict. Arts III. 432 s.v. 
Oils, Recently-expressed or very fresh oils. 
+b. That has had the juice, etc., pressed out of 
it; squeezed or wrung dry. Ods. 

@ 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 13 They might after give the 
expressed and less usefull part unto their swine. 1705 T. 
GREENHILL in Phil. Trans. XXV. 2010 Like an expressed 
bana 1743 Lond. § Country Brew. . (ed. 2) to1 As is., 
plain in all expressed Vegetables. 

2. Uttered or made known in words. 

1548 Unatt, etc. Erasm. Par, Yohn 122a, By the ex- 
pressed voyce of this man. 1892 Daly News 6 Feb. 6/1 
In accordance with the expressed wish of the deceased. 
Mod., Inconsistent with his own expressed opinions. 

+b. Express, explicit. Also of a functionary: 
Stated, recognized. Ods. 

1534 Wuitinton Twllyes Offices 1. (1540) 15 The vttermost 
of right is expressed wronge. 1553 EDEN Treat. Newe Ind. 
(Arb.) 8 It is not written by expressed wordes that, etc. 
1554 Knox Godly Let. C viij, No such promese haue we .. 
but rather the exprest contrarie. 1658 Ussner Azz, vi. 


1798 Dattas Amer. Law Rep. 1.3 The bills of | 


447 


440 Gorgias their exprest Commander was fromthem, 1736 
Butter Ana, 1. vi. 159 The..perception of good and ill de- 
sert..makes [the sanction] appear, as one may say expressed. 

3. Expressed species (transl. L. species expressa) : 
in Scholastic Philosophy, a ‘species’ or essential 
form imposed on outward objects by the activity 
of the mind itself. The term was revived by Le 
Clerc in his pseudo-scientific Optics: see quot. 

1751 CHAMBERS Cycd, s. v. Species, Expressed Species are 
those..which proceed from within..Le Clerc, in his system 
of vision .. has called upon the stage again the sfecies ex- 
presse of the ancient philosophers. For according to him, 
it is not by species or images impressed on the optic nerve, 
that the soul sees objects, but te rays which she herself 
directs to them. [1857 Maurice Mor. § Met. Philos. 111. 
v. § 90. 232 The mind knows itself..not by a species im- 
pressed upon it, but by a species expressed from it.] 

+ Expre'ssedly, adv. Obs. [f. prec. + -1v2.] 
Statedly, avowedly ; explicitly, expressly. 

at Rivtey ks. 137 Other words, which the same 
writer hath expressedly in other places. 1588 Knox /irs¢ 
Blast (Arb.) 33 Here expressedly is a man apointed to be 
chosen king. 1609 J. Raynotps Ags¢. Bellarmine (1610) 46 
Whether expressedly, or implyedly, 1646 Sir ‘IT’. Browne 
Pseud, Ep. 1. v. 17 This is..detractory unto the intellect, 
and sense of man expressedly disposed for that inquisition. 

Expresser, -or (ekspre'so1).  [f. Express 7. 
+-ER!, -or.] One who or that which expresses. 

1581 Mutcasrer Positions v. (1887) 32 Reading being but 
the expresser of the written characters. 1587 GoLpiInc De 
Mornay vi. 73 And the Second [Worker] is the liuely ex- 
presser of the First. 1623 Shakspere’s Wks. To Rar., 
Who, as he was a happie imitator of Nature, was a most 
gentle expresser of it. 1642 Lp. Dicsy £/virva (1667) 5 
Ready..To make his Sword th’ expresser of his mind. 1872 
Conincton Aeneid v. 340 note, Expressers of a favourable or 
adverse opinion. ; 

b. One who possesses expressive power ; a mas- 
ter of the art of expression. 

c161r CHapMAN /Ziad 1. Comm. (1865) 26 Our most accom- 
plished expressor helps the illustration in a simile of his 
fervour. 1615 — Odyss. vit. 708 The divine expressor did 
so give Both act and passion, that he made it live. 1856 
Masson £ss., Shaks. & Goethe 23 He[|Shakespeare] was the 
greatest expresser that ever lived. 

+ Expre'ssful, a. Ods. vare—'. [f. as pree. + 
-FUL.] = EXPRESSIVE. 

1621 Lapy M. Wrotu Urania 395 True confession of that 
you then seemed with expressefull joy .. to entertaine. 
1629 H. Burton Babel no Bethel17 A question .. set downe 
in_most cleare and expresseful termes. 

Expressible (ekspre’sib’'l), @ Also 7 -able. 
[f. as prec. +-IBLE. ] 

1, Capable of being expressed. 

1605 R. Carew in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 100 In some 
[words] we buylde others not expressable in their mother 
tongue. @1628 Preston Serwz, (1630) 43 As farre as it is 
expressable, we will explaine unto you. 1677 GitrIn 


Demonol. u. ix. 403 They are under an expressible sense of | 


Divine Wrath. 1794 Sir W. Jones Orthogr. Asiatic Words 
Wks. 1799 I. 192 A diphthong composed of our first and 
third vowels, and expressible, therefore, by them. 1851 
Ruskin Mod. Paint. 11. 1.1. iii. § 26 Michael Angelo held 
the imagination to be entirely expressible in rock. 1875, 
Jevons Money 70 Easily expressible in terms of the unit. 
+2. Able to express oneself, Ods. 
1627-77 Fe.tHam Resolves u. xli. 240 In Loue and Thanks 
..tis ina Mans own power to be expressible. 
Expressing (ekspre'sin), vé/. sb. [f. as prec. 
+ -InG1.] The action of the vb. Express; the 
action a. of pressing out, pressing out the con- 
tents of; b. of representing, uttering, or manifest- 
ing (thoughts, meanings, etc.). Now gerundial. 
1530 Parser. Introd. 17 No parte of the vowell, at his ex- 
pressyng, shulde passe forth by the mowth, 1627 Lisander 
§ Cal. 1. 4 Pleasant beyond expressing. @1631 Donne 
Lett. (1651) 260, I cannot hope for better expressings (in 
Poems) than I have given of them, 1668 WiLkins Real 
Char. 355 The expressing of any one syllable in a word, 
with a little higher tune, and longer time then others. 1889 
Pall Mali G. 6 May 2/1 The... expressing of seed for oils. 
Expression (ekspre‘fon). [a. F. expression, 
ad. L. expresston-em, n. of action f. exprimére: 
see EXPRESS v.] 


I. 1. The action of pressing or. squeezing out. 

1594 PLar Fewedl-ho. 59 After .. the Coast-men have by 
expression .. gotten that kind of traine oyle. .from the fish. 
1626 Bacon Sylva § 633 Their Juyces.. are so fleshy. .they 
cannot make Drink by expression, 17253 Brapiry Favi. 
Dict. s.v. Plague, Separate the Vinegar from the Herbs by 
way of strong Expression, 1822 Imison Sc, & Art II. 129 
Many vegetables afford essential oil by expression or by dis- 
tillation, 1859 TENNENT Ceydon II. 1x. vi. 542 The crushing 
of the coco-nut for the expression of the oil. 

+b. concr. Something pressed or squeezed out ; 
an expressed drink, juice, liquor, etc. Ods. 

1612 Enchirid. Med.158 Letit bee again boyled. Then make 
astrong expression. 1616 SurFL. & MArku. Country Farme 
435 Mixe together both these expressions, letting them coole. 
1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery’s Chym. (ed. 3) 504 Express 
through a Linen Cloth ., and let the expression settle, 

IT. Representation, manifestation, Cf. EXPRESS 
v. IL. 

2. a. The action of expressing or representing (a 
meaning, thought, state of things) in words or 
symbols; the utterance (of feelings, intentions, 
etc.), Also, in early use: + Explicit mention ; 
description (0ds.). b. The action or process of 
manifesting (qualities or feelings) by action, ap- 
pearance or other evidences or tokens, 


EXPRESSION. 


1460 Carcravr Chyon, Ded. 2 Elde bokes..make more ex- 
pression of thoo stories..than I have. 1634 W. Tirwnyt 
Balzac’s Lett. 48 You have now no further use of Cyphers, 
for the expression of your minde to my Lorde the Cardinall. 
1647 CrasHaw Sosf. d’Her. xxv, The forehead’s shade, in 

ief’s expression there, Is what in sign of joy ...a smile is 

ere. 1659 PEARSON Creed (1839) 282 It behoved us to take 
notice of the Roman governor in the expression of our 
Saviour’s passion. 1856 Froupe Hist, Eng. (1858) I. iii. 207 
To encourage the fullest expression of public feeling. 
ce. phr. Beyond, past expression, + within the 
compass of expression; to seek, find expression. 

1624 Massincer Parl. Love v. i, This is cruelty Beyond 
expression, 1665 Sir T. Herpert 7'rav. (roa) 17 The 
greatest peace of barbarity within the compas of expres- 
sion. 1667 Mitton P. Z. ut. 591 The place he found 
beyond expression bright. 1700 DrypEen Theodore & H. 
384 ‘The unhappy man..who past expression loved. 1830 
TENNYSON Adeline i, Faintly smiling Adeline. .beyond ex- 
pression fair. 1870 Max MiLter Sc. Reig, (1873) 218 Some 
of the fundamental ideas that found expression in the ancient 
systems of faith and worship. 1878 M. A. Brown Nadeschda 
44 Born in love’s own heaven Was all that sought expression. 

. quasi-covcr, a. An utterance, declaration, 
representation. b. An action, state, or fact 
whereby some quality, feeling, etc., is manifested ; 
a sign, token. (Now only const. of). 

a. 1634 Hapincton Castara (Arb.) 134 Youle. .hate th’ 
expressions of your heart. @ 1649 Cuas. I, Hs. 206 Who 
have..made most real expressions to prevent the present 
Distractions. 1665 Maniry Grotius’ Low C. Warres 898 
King Philips expressions were not written in Latine or 
French, but in the Spanish Tongue. 1714 Ockey in Lef?. 
Lit. Men (Camden) 350 Upon the account of an unguarded 
expression. 1875 Jowrtr Plazo (ed. 2) II. 256 Your words 
are the very expression of my own feelings. 

b. @1628 Preston New Covt. (1634) 385 That fearfull- 
nesse at Mount Sinai, was but only an expression of the 
feare which [etc.]. 1669 W. Hotpir Speech 5 Common life 
is full of this kind of significant Expressions, by Knocking, 
Beckoning, Frowning..and the like. 1734 Grub St. Yrni.2 
May 4/3 A Conference on their [the Passions’] general and 
particular Expressions, 1816 Macktntosn Bacon §& Locke 
Wks. 1846 I, 336 ‘To render theory the simple expression of 
facts. 1836 J. Girpert Chr. A fonen. viii. 308 The death 
of Christ was the expression of Divine love. 1878 Hux.ey 
Vhysiogr, 222 Every change in the form and size of the 
growing plant is simply the expression of the mode of growth. 

te. Nonce-use. 70 decome expression: to be- 
come a byword, or proverbial type of something. 

¢ 1634 W. Cartwricut Ordinary ut. ili. in Hazl. Dodsley 
XII. 262 Mean. Let me be More miserable than Littleworth, 
Jane. Is he become expression ? p 

4. Manner or means of representation in lan- 


1757 Gray Let. Poems (1775) 252, 
I..mean by expression .. the whole dress, fashion, and ar- 


rangement of a thought. 1859 Gro. Evior 4. Bede 7 Gyp 
-.gave a short bark..he had not a great range of ex- 
pression. 1887 Pall Mall G. 28 Feb. 12/1 It is not merely 
the authors of books who should study right expression. 

b. A word, phrase, or form of speech. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ut. xviii. 153 His eyes 
were dimme. .caligarunt oculi, saith Jerom..which are ex- 
pressions of diminution, and not of absolute privation. a 1661 
FutLer Worthies (1840) 11. 542 The Scripture expression, 
‘From Dan to Beersheba’. 1749 FietpinG Jom Yones xvi. 
iii, Having left Mr. Miller a little while ¢o chew the cud (if 
I may use that expression), 1886 Froupr Oceana i. 7 Am- 
biguous expressions were explained away when challenged. 

+e. A designation, descriptive title. Ods. 

a@ 1631 Donne Ox Transl. Ps. Wks. 1839 VI. 562 Eternal 
God, for whom whoever dare Seek new expressions, do the 
circle square. 

da. Ale. A collection of symbols together ex- 
pressing an algebraical quantity. 

1796 Hutton Math. Dict. 1. 460/2 The expression. .2 ad, 
1807 — Course Math, I1. 294 When the given Fluxional 
Expression is in this Form..namely, a Fraction. 1841 J.R. 
Younc Math. Dissert. Pref. 3 The analytical expression for 
the radius of curvature. 1871 B. Stewart Heat § 51 We 
have obtained an expression for the difference in pressure. 

5. a. Of the countenance, voice, or (occas.) atti- 
tude, etc.: Capacity or fact of expressing feeling 
or character; expressive quality. Ib. The aspect 
(of the countenance), intonation (of the voice) as 
indicating a state of feeling. 

a. 1774 Gotpsm. Wat. Hist.(1776) II. 95 The parts of the 
head which give the least expression to the face, are the ears. 
1779 J. Moore View Soc. Hr. 11. li. 23 There is more ex- 
pression in the countenances of French women. 1834 Mep- 
win Angler in Wales 11. 175 His eyes possessing wonderful 
fire and expression. 1842 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Life 
III. ix. 156 A want.. of shifting shadow—of that transition 
which is as expression to a lovely face. 1847 L. Hunt Yar 
Honey x, 132 Infusing a soul into the features of nature, as 
expression lights up a beautiful countenance. 

b, 1830 E, Porter Analysis (ed. 3) Introd., The name- 
less and ever varying shades of expression which real pathos 
gives to the voice. 1830 D’Israrti Chas. J, III, vi, 111 The 
countenance whose peculiar expression afterwards was so 
faithfully. .transmitted to us. 1834 PrincLe 4/*, S&. iii. 158 
The peculiar expression of the sound. .instantly undeceived 
me. 1860 Tynpat G/ac. 1. xi. 7 An expression of fatigue 
stamped upon his countenance. 1865 Dickens J/ut. Fr. 
1. vi, ‘Can’t I!’ said Abbey, with infinite expression, 

6. Fine Arts. a. In Painting and Sculpture: 
The fact or way of expressing character, senti- 


EXPRESSIONAL. 


ment, action, etc. Also (rarely) a feature intended 
for expression. 

1 nS. le nennene Th. ys as Peonmume has drawn 
a Christ's as going to rucified, the Expression of 
which is marvelously fine. /bid. Robes, or other Marks 
of..a Profession .. are Historical Expressions common in 
Portraits, 1768 W. Girin Ess. Prints 79 There is more 
expression both in action and feature, than was ever perhaps 
shewn in so small a compass. 1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris 253 
Raphael's feeling for expression was probably the most in- 
tense feeling ever bestowed on a human being. 1856 Ruskin 
Mod. Paint. 111. 1. iii. § 19 The chief masterpieces of 
expression which the world possesses are small pictures by 
Angelico. 

. In Music. The manner of performance (with 
respect, e.g. to degrees of loudness or softness) 
suited to bring out the feelirig of a musical passage. 

1773 BarrincTon in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 288 Expression 
is wanting, without which music is so languid and inanimate. 
1797 Mrs. Ravcuirre /talian i, Which she touched with 
most affecting and delicate expression, 1864 Miss Brappon 
HH. Dunbar xxi, She played with brilliancy, and, what is 
much rarer, with expression. 7 7 ; 

7. attrib. in expression-mark (J/usic), a sign 
or word indicative of the desired kind of expres- 
sion; expression-stop, in the Harmonium, a 
stop by which the performer is enabled to vary 
the pressure of the air and thus produce expres- 
sion. 

1880 Grove Dict. Music s.v. Harmonium, The Expression 
stop is used, by which the air reservoir is cut off and the 
pressure made to depend entirely upon the management of 
the bellows. | 

Expressional (ekspre‘fanal), a. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] Of or pertaining to expression: a. in lan- 
guage; b. with reference to the countenance ; ¢. 
in the fine arts, esf. painting, etc. 

a. 1803 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XVI. 221 The 
conscious ey of expressional skill and the anxious 
elaboration of a style freaked with allusions. 1873 F. Hatt 
Mod. Eng. 36 The verbal and expressional solecisms which 
disfigure our literature. 

b. 1867 Busuneit. Mor. Uses Dark Th. 285 Bearing the 
expressional stamp of man. 

Cc. 1886 Ruskin Mod. Paint, 11.1. iii. §9 Hunt's Light 
of the World, is..the most perfect instance of expressional 
purpose with technical power. 1861 Sat. Rev. XI. 584/2 
‘There is some expressional force here. 

Expressionist ail are [f. as prec. + 
-1st.]| An artist whose work aims chiefly at ‘ex- 
pression’. Also attrib. 

1850 Tait’s Mag. XVII. 394/2 The expressionist school of 
modern painters. 1880 Papers Manch. Lit. Club V1. 184 
The expressionists ..who undertake to express special emo- 
tions, or passions. j 

Expressionless (ekspre‘fonlés), @. [f as 
prec. + -LESS.] 

1. Of the features, voice, etc. Destitute of ex- 
pression; giving no indication of character, feel- 
ing, etc.; inexpressive. Const. of. 

1831 Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 301 An image as 
expressionless as the block on which his own buzz-wig was 
trimmed. 1859 H. Kixcstey G. Hamlyn 1. xiii. 184 He 
was a small man, with an impenetrable, expressionless face. 
1864 Crowpy Ch. Choirmaster 53 Monotonic recitation is 
more expressionless than reading in the ordinary voice. 


| tentional ; but expressive. 16; q 
| viii, 58 Expressive holinesse is the outward manifestation 
| the former, by the words of our mouthes. 


448 


pedis fete Pee Pe 


a. .H 
The Priviledges of this Uni 
ve words to car Peciecamanels. i7ir P. H. 
jew two last Parts, 141 This Clause they wou! have had 
Pore Rape Lock m. 40 Four 
sustain a flow’r, Th’ ive 


e He engraves wit! 
tT. Martineau /re- 


1627-77 FectHam Resolves 1. Ixxxvi. 134 Solomon's good 
man, is merciful to his Beast, nor take I this to be only in- 
1639 F. Rosarts God's Holy Ho, 


1747 GouLD 
Eng. Ants 30 There is such a strong expressive Affection 
imprinted on them towards the Eggs. 

+7. quasi-adv. So as to be plainly exhibited ; 
manifestly, visibly. Ods. 

1718 Prior Solomon ut. 745 Golden sayings..On large 


phylacteries expressive writ. 


1870 Dickens £. Drood ix, So expressionless of any | 


approach to spontaneity were his face and manner. 
b. Expressing nothing, conveying no meaning. 
1871 Tytor Prim. Cult. I. 215 But it may..become by 
wear of sound and shift of sense an expressionless symbol. 
2. That finds no expression. 
1819 Suettey Cenci m. i. 214 A wrong, Which, though it 
be expressionless, is such As asks atonement. 


Hence Expre‘ssionlessly adv. 


Expre'ssion- 


lessness, the state or condition of being destitute | 


of expression, want of expression. 

1865 Cornh, Mag. Syd 225 Faces .. expressive of ‘ex- 
pressionlessness’, . Merepitn Beauch. Career U1. 
xii. 227 Rosamund eyed her husband expressionlessly. 1888 
W. C. Russert Death Ship UI..3 Faces whose ex- 
pressionlessness forbade your comparing them to sleeping 
dreamers. y 

essive (ckspre'siv), a. Also 5 expressif. 
[a. F. expressif, -ive, ad. L. type *expressiv-us, i 
exprimére: see EXPRESS v. and -IVE. 

+1. Tending to press out or expel. Ods. 

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 137 mu . A.) pat oile hap a 
vertu expressif..bi pe whiche..akbis ben ore 2 

2. Of or pertaining to, or concerned with, ex- 
pression ; having the function of expressing. 

1747 Coitins Passions 16 Each, for Madness ruled the 
Hour, Would prove his own expressive Pow’r. 1764 Retp 
Inquiry iv. § 2. 118 The best judge in all the expressive 
arts, 189x J. Jastrow in Educational Rev. 1. 262 The 
receptive powers are in advance of the expressive ones. 

8. Serving to express, indicate, or represent. 

x7tx Suartess. Charac. v1. i. (1737) rel og situation ex- 
pressive of Suspence and Doubt. 1 mutams Ver- 
mont 378 Tables ex ive of this diurnal variation. 

Mar. Epcewortn Moral 7. (1816) I. 222 An air of dignity, 
which d expressi conscious i 1873 
Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 490 This has a rhetorical use 
expressive of contempt. | 

. Full of expression. a. Of a word, phrase, or 
symbol: Expressing its meaning with striking ac- 
curacy or force. Formerly also of a statement: 
Explicit. b. Of the countenance, voice, actions, 
works of art: Characterized by expression, 


-LY 
significance. ++ Formerly also, In respect of (prac- 
tical) expression (ods.). 

1627-47 FevtHam Resolves u. 1xxxii. 424 We seldom find 
the ignorant man honest; if he be mentally, yet he failes 
expressively. 1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. 1. 
xii, 114 Nature..is most expressively set forth with a 
biformed body. 1762 Sterne Let. 19 Mar., A gentleman.. 
has taken it [portrait] most petite, By 1800 Mrs. Hervey 
Mourtray Fam. U1. 114 Emma fixed her eyes expressively 
on her father. 1858 Froupe Hist, Eng. IV. 148 The pte! 
of the prison [was sent] to a place expressively called ‘Little 
Ease.’ 


Expressiveness (ekspre'sivnés). [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The quality of being expressive. 

1655 Futter Ch. Hist, v. iv. § 39 Our English tongue was 
not improved to that expressivenesse whereat at this day it 
is arrived. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. (1721) 1. 209 rhe 
Murrain at the end [of the third Georgic] has all the Ex- 
pressiveness that Words can ave 1711 J. Greenwoop Eng. 
Gram. 282 This praxis is to show the peculiar force or ex- 
pressiveness of a great many single words. x Butter 
Serm. Wks. 1874 11. 324 We should study what St. James, 
with wonderful. .expressiveness, calls meekness of wisdom. 
style of great expressiveness and insinuation, erg A. 
Ronerts Old Test, Revis. vi. 134 Passages of rich ex- 

Expressivo, bad form of Espressivo, 

31823 in Crane Technol, Dict.; and in mod. Dicts. 

PRESS a, + -LESS.] That cannot be expressed; 
inexpressible. 


1812 Examiner 11 May 301/2 A song..composed..in a 
pressiveness occur. 
Expressless (ekspre'slés), a. arch. [f. Ex- 
x Martowe 1st Pt. Tamburi. v. ii, Of our ex 


nef inane (ekspre'sivli), adv. [f. prec. + 


bann’d inflictions. 1704 D’Urrey Aéradatus & Panthia 
i. 23 Whilst..my verse you read Reflect on joys ex) 
that proceed. 1860 Lp. Lytton Lucile u. 1. xi, Thou art 


An expressless and imageless truth in the heart. 

Expressly (ckspre'sli), adv. [f. EXrress v. 
+-LY%.] In an express manner. 

1. + a. In early use: In full detail (ods.).__b. In 
direct or plain terms; clearly, explicitly, definitely. 
+e. With distinct enunciation (0ds.). 

¢1380 Wyciir Serm. Sel. Wks. Il. 225 Treupis pat ben 
more nedeful ben writun more expresly. 1447 Boken- 
nam Seyntys (Roxb.) 13, | wolde compyle A clere descryp- 
cyoun ful expressely be alle hyr feturys. 1g09 Hawes 

ast. Pleas. xiv. ix, The — shewith it expressely. 
155 Ropinson tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb,) 156 The on 
rehearse solempne prayers in woordes ex =e 
nounced. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. VIII, 11. ii. 235 } oo 
crosse ‘em, Bearing the Kings will from mouth ex- 
pressely? 167x Micron P. 2. 1. 3 Him whom they heard 
so late expressly call’d Jesus. ne coves Centaur i. Wks. 
ue IV. 116 All which the i have expressly 
delivered as catholic truths. 1848 C. Bronte ¥. Lyre xvii, 
She must not .. think of venturing .. unless expressly sent 
for. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ, Prelim. Rem. 2 It was assumed, 
either expressly or tacitly, that wealth consisted solely of 
money. 1892 Law Times XCII, 158/1 If the backer in- 
tends to retain the power of revoking the authority .. he 
must py tod say so. 

+2. sar aeey. Obs, 

r Gower Conf. 1. 357 For this ma‘ y man well wite, 
That bothe kinde and pel write Expat stonden there 
ayein. Bramuatt Replic. v. 20 m doe the 
Conclave chuse? An uniu 1 Pastor? No but expressely a 
Bishop of Rome. a 1699 Srittincrt. (J.), The beginning of 


3 5 . | what in expressness and plainness of words 
In an expressive manner; with expressive | 


EXPROBRATE, 


of in these west id 
Sr aa 


Cf. Express 
a. 1. Obs. 
1642 MILTON 


ss, Smect. Rise 285 The child doth... 

expresly refigure the visage of his Father. 

4. Distinctly, positively. 

1526 Pilgr. Perj. (W. de W. 1531) 75,1 rede not that 
whan the serpent came to tempte her |] she was doynge 
— yy mpeg good. 1586 A. Day Eng. S. 1 
(1625) re be some things 
themselves or ly evill. — 

174 Some of his [Hogarth’s] pieces, are expressly of 

ery kind. 

. For purpose ; ‘ on purpose’. 
Suaks. Timon u. ii. 32, I Am sent expressely. 

B. Harers Parival's jae a Felton, who gf 
sly out of Holland, to sacri Buckingham] to the 
red of the People. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot. in 1772,77 

Went. .expressly to free the country from 

M. Arnotp /rish Cathol, Mixed Ess. 102 The Queen's 

Colleges in d expressly for Ireland. 

Expressman Seqonirion | [f. Express 
sb. 3+May.] A man employed in receiving and 
delivering parcels, etc.; esp. an employé of one of 
the U. S. express companies. 

1 H. D. Tuoreau Let, in Atlantic Monthly (1892) 
LXIX. 744 Munroe. .tells the ex, that all is ri 
1858 Homans Cycl. Comm. 644 The ‘expressman’ is only 
an improvement upon the ‘common carrier’, 1884 A. WaIN- 
wricut in Harper's Mag. July 270/1 We stand in a crowd 
of. .hack-drivers and ex men on the New York side. 
1889 FarMER Americanisms 229/2 William F. Harnden was 
the first expressman, and he began his business in 1837. 

+Expre’ssment. 0ls. vave—1.  [f. Express 
v.+-MENT.] The action or fact of expressing. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. v. cxxxvii. 123 As shall aj ne 
whan the tyme conuenyent of the expressement of them 
shall come. 

Expressness (ekspre’snés). ff EXPRESS @, + 
-NESS.] The quality or state of being express ; 
clearness, definiteness, exactness. 

1645, J. Goopwin J/nnoc. Triumph. 21 It was nothing but 

was required of 

1 Heathens. .had 
Iness and express- 


‘iowa 
against the hop. 
+3. Of resemblance: Exactly. 


them. a 1680 GLANVILL Sevm. ix. (1681) 
not the knowledge of God’s law. .in the 
ness of it. 1877 H. A. Pace De Quincey 1. i. 3 What he 
said of Lamb may with far greater expressness be applied to 


himself. 
(f. L. express- pol. 


+ ‘ssure. Ols. 
stem of exprimére + -UKE: cf. Pressure.] 
action of expressing; = EXPRESSION in various 
senses. @. = EXPRESSION 1: also the operation 
of a force pressing outwards; outward . 
b. Expression by words or signs; manifestation, 
description. ¢. An image, picture; cf. EXPREss 
sb, 2. 

a. 1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. Ws 334 And this 
expressure, when the forces are equal, is in a line o 
dicular to the bodies pressing. 1713 Dernam Phys. Theol. 
v. viii. 163 A good Contrivance. .to afford a due expressure 
of it [mucilage] at all times. 1850 H. H. WiLson tr. Rig- 
veda 1. 6 note, acid Asclipias.. yields to expressure 
a copious milky juice. 

. x6or Suaks. 7wel. NV. u. iii. 171 By..the expressure of 
his eye. .he shall finde himselfe most feelingly ted, 
i the soule 


1606 — ae ea ut. iii. 204 There is a mysterie. . 

of Sees Which Desk tote sing Thay 
th or pen can giue expressure to. LAVEL 7 
Life v. 14 These hi of Hi 1681 
Right. Man's R¢f. 2 
are found i 


98 S s. Mi W. Ta capeumane that i 
C & Haks. Merry W.v.v. 71 Th’ it 
beares : Greene let it be. 


(f. L. - ppl. - a sag va make 
a matter of reproach, f. ex- (see Ex- pref-!) + pro- 
brum shameful deed. The t ¢ a 


Tt esproba 


re. . 
+1. To make (a thing) a subject of reproach ; 
to ‘cast in one’s teeth.” Of a thing: To manifest 
toa "s — Const. a dat. Ods. 
1543 Grarton Contin. —. 24 ‘n toe 


bratinge vnto them that they did honour @ 1643 
w. Contwaacurr Siege u. vi, He Shall .. avoid Thy sight, 
as that doth His sins unto him. a 1670 
Hacker Cent, Serm. (1675) 149 Hermolaus .. exprobrates 
violently made 


1g82 N. T. (Rhem.) Afark xvi. 14 He their 
incredulity and ¢ 1610 Women Saints 
(1886) 1 Which he it to be impo- 
t —— , 1690 SiR - Bao tie. he ind one 
1 ‘o e tie, 
providence of Brorkes 1665 MANLEY us’ Low-C. 
‘arves 738 There were some that stuck not 
divulsions of Ireland. 
1c. = REPROBATE. nonce-use. 
MuscRave Beets tebe re L 333 One can hardly 
P e.. 
2. To reproach (a person). Const. with. 


102 The Venetians 
probrate us with the nick-name of 


EXPROBRATION. 


Cursore Englese. 1638 Penit. Conf. vii. (1657) 159 Many a 
railing Doeg began to exprobrate and deride the Daven 

Hence + E:xprobrating /#/. a., that reproaches, 
reproachful. 

1673 Lady's Call. 1. § 3. 22 Least hereafter they fall under 
the same exprobrating remembrance with the rich man in 
the Gospel. 1675 Art Contentm. m1. § 18. 191 That ex- 
probrating complaint we find in the Prophet. 

Exprobration (eksprobréfon), arch. Also 
6 exprobracion, -cyon, 6-8 exprobation. [ad. 
L. exprobration-em, n. of action f. exprobrire : see 
EXPROBRATE.] 

+1. The action of ‘ exprobrating’, upbraiding, or 
speaking reproachfully ; an instance of this. Ods. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 17 Remembrynge. .to 
the exprobracyon and reproue of oa: the potage potte 
..in Egypte. 1577 Fenton Gold. Efist. 337 To exacte 
r Pp isa ifest exprobation of benefits receiued. 
1635 Pacitr Christianogr. 203 His [St. Paul’s] commemora- 
tion is an exprobration to the Corinthians of their neglect 
of him. _2n6 J. Putirs Blenheim 121 Exprobrations false 
Of cowardice. a 1843 Sourney Doctor (1849) 380 Utter- 
~~ words exultantly, not in exprobration. 

. Rhet. (see quot.), 

1753 CuamBers Cycl. Supfp., Exprobration..in rhetoric, is 
the reproaching a person with ingratitude, and unmindful- 
ness of some particular benefit conferred upon him. 

e. That which acts as a reproach, or serves the 
purpose of reproaching. 

1680 Sir W. Water Div. Medit. (1839) 150 This sun-set 
..is to me an exprobration. 1682 Norris //terocles 66 If 
any throw him something by way of alms, that aggravates 
his discontent as an exprobation of his poverty, 

2. A reproachful or upbraiding utterance ;_re- 
proachful language. 

1549 Latimer 6¢h Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 167 He hath 
stirred vp the people to persecute it wyth exprobacions and 
slaunderous wordes. a 1600 Hooker Ecc/. Pol. vi. 320 The 
ears of the accused [are] not always subject to glowing with 
contumely and exprobration. 1692 Soutn Serve. (1697) I. 
127 A denial with scorn, with taunting exprobrations. 1877 
R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. 1. ii. 143 This weak exprobra- 
tion [protest against the Anti-Papal statutes] itself was the 
last instrument of an English primate [Warham] who died 
legate of the Apostolic See. 

+ Expro‘brative, 2. Ovs. [f. Exproprate 
+ -IVE.] Expressing reproach, reproachful. 

1613 SHERLEY 7rav. Persia 132 All benefites loosing much 
of their splendor. .that doe beare with them an expecbeative 
terme of necessitie. 

+ Expro‘bratory, @. Ods. [f. as prec. + -ory.] 
Serving to upbraid or reproach. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 31 To use this ex- 


robratory manner of writing..shall not be amisse. 1860 | 
Woscastss cites MACKENZIE. 
|| Hx professo (eks profe'so), piv. [L. ex out of 


+ profess-6, abl. of profess-us professed, pa. pple. of 
profitert to avow publicly, f. pro before + fatari to 
avow.] Professedly, by profession. 

1823 in Crass Technol. Dict. . 

Expromission (ekspromi‘fen). Cévil Law. 
[ad. mod.L, exprdmission-em, n. of action f. ex- 
promittére: seenext. Cf. Fr. expromisston.] (See 
quot. ; and cf. next), 

1818 CoLeBROoKE 77eat. Odblig. §& Contracts 1. 208 The 
intervention of a new debtor, substituted for the former one, 
who is, in consequence, discharged by the creditor. .has been 
termed expromission. 1875 PostE Gaius 11.Comm. 399. 

Expromissor (ekspromi's61). Czvz/ Law. Also 
8 expromissar. [a. L. exprdmissor, agent-n. f. 
expromittére to promise to pay, f. ex- (see Ex- 
pref) + primittére to PromisE.] One who pro- 
mises to pay ; spec. one who unconditionally under- 
takes the debt of another, so as to become the 
principal debtor in his stead; distinguished from 
a ‘surety’ or ‘ bail’. 

1695 S, Loss Let. Dr, Bates 12 You distinguish between 
the Covenant of Grace, and the Covenant of Redemption, 
and grant Christ to be a Surety in the One and an Expro- 
missor in the other, 1775 AsH, Exfromissar. 1818 CoLr- 
BROOKE Treat. Oblig. & Contracts 1, 211 The ex-promissor, 
who is to undertake the debt. 1875 Poste Gaius 11, Comm. 
(ed. 2) 406 A woman does not, like an Expromissor, discharge 
a pre-existing obligation, 

+ Expro'priate, 77/7. a. Obs. rare—'. In 5 
expropriat. [ad. late L. expropridt-us, pa. pple. 
of expropriare; see next.] = EXPROPRIATED. In 
quot.: Debarred from owning property, 

¢1449 Pecock Refr, 478 Religiouns..in which is vow of 
wilful and expropriat poverte. 

Expropriate (ekspréwprijeit), v. [f. late L. 
expropriat- ppl. stem of expropriare to deprive of 
property, f. ex- + proprium property, neut. of pro- 
prius own: see Proper. Cf, Fr. exproprier.] 

‘1. ¢tvans. To dispossess (a person) of owner- 
ship; to deprive of property. Const. from. 

Now chiefly to deprive of Property either wholly or in part, 
for the public use, usually with provision of compensation. 

16xr Coter., Ex; jé, expropriated, 1852 Grote Greece 
1, Ixxix. X. = All those proprietors had been. A og riated, 

e 


1875 J. H. Bennet Winter Medit. u. xiii. 480 vern- 
ment gives..a power to ropriate the owner of the land 
required, 1881 Macm. Mag. XLIV. 132 To expropriate 


the owners from their estates must be a very bitter pill. 
2. +a. To put (athing) out of one’s own control 
(obs.). wb. To take out of the owner’s hands, 
1660 BoyLe [see ExpropriATED A//, a.). 1775 inAsH. 1881 
Vou. IIT. 


449 


Daily Tel. 14 Feb., A corner of the garden. .was ‘ expropri- 
ated’ by Baron Haussman for the purpose of widening the 
Rue Lafayette. 1884 Contemp. Rev. Oct. 518 The State .. 
expropriates private property ror public utility. 

Hence Expro‘priated ppl. a. 

1660 Boyie Seraph. Love iii. (1700) 29 When you have Re- 
sign’d, or rather Consign’d your expropriated Will to God. 
i Pall Mall G. 4 June 2/3 The wrath of the expropri- 
ated exploiteurs is extreme. : 

Expropriation (eksprou:pri,2fon). [n. of ac- 
tion f. late L. expropridre: see EXPROPRIATE. Cf. 
Fr. expropriation.] The action of expropriating. 

+a. The action of giving up one’s whole pro- 
perty. Also the action of giving up control of 
+b. Removal /vom the ownership or dominion of. 
ce. The action of depriving (a person) of property; 
deprivation ; an instance of this. d. The action 
of taking (property) out of the owner’s hands (es. 
by public authority) ; an instance of this. 

a. ¢1449 Pecock Repr. v. v. 505 Ech religioun. .in which 
is vow of expropriacioun. 1648 W. Mounracue Devout Ess. 
1, xix. § 2, 342 The expropriation of our Reason. 

. 1626 T. H. tr. Caussin's Holy Crt. 353 Poverty of 
affection, is an expropriation from the inordinate loue of 
terrene goods. 

ec. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ, u. x. § 1 Acomplete expropriation 
of the higher classes in Ireland. 1877 Wattacr Russia ix. 
142 The expropriation of the peasantry or small landholders. 

da. 1878 Lapy Herpert tr. Hibner’s Ramble mi. i. 460 
The construction of public buildings, or expropriations, or 
sanitary improvements. 1880 19¢/ Cent. Nov. 774 Compul- 
sory expropriation of property in towns, 1889 77/es 20 Nov. 
5/5 The expropriation of the railways. 

Expropriator (cksprduprijeitoz), [agent-n. 
f. expropriare : see EXPROPRIATE.] One who ex- 
propriates. Const. of, 

1869 Daily News 28 Apr., The expropriators of the national 
will, 1879 S. B. Goutp Germany II, 268 The expropriator 
will be himself expropriated. 

Expuate, var. of Exspuate, Ods. 

+ Expu‘gn, v. Ols. Also5-7expugne. [ad. 
OF, expugn-er, ad. L. expugn-are to take by storm, 
f. ex- out + pugnidre to fight, f. pugna a fight.] 

1. trans. To capture by fighting; to take by 
storm. 

1432-s0 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 187 Kynge Alexander ged- 

rede his hoste, intendenge to expugne alle the worlde. 1555 
Even Decades 316 The sayde Admirall attempted to expugne 
the Iland. 1599 Haywarp 1st Pt. Hen. Jl’, 103 Nabuchad- 
nezzar..oppugned Hierusalem a long time, and at the last 
expugned it. 1635 N.R. tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. 11. xii. 107 
Dunbritton should be expugned. «1640 Jackson Creed x1. 
xxxv. Wks, XI. ror They..use it as a fort..till they can 
watch an opportunity for expugning a better. 
Jig-1569 Crow ey Soph. Dr. Watson ii.84Which..many have 
assaulted and oppugned with such direct scriptures .. that 
it is by them expugned, and can not be by you propugned. 
1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Fortune 1. xiii. 184, By a 
golden showre of rayne Danaes virginitie was expugned. 
1612-5 Bp. Hatt Contempl. N. T. wv. x, That their con- 
joined forces might expugn that gracious ear. 

b. In weaker sense: To assault, attack, storm. 

1407 Exam. W. Thorpe in Arb. Garner VI. 91 They en- 
force them to expugn the freedom of Holy Church. "1554 
Braprorp in Strype Cranmer 1. 196 Matters expugned by 
the Papists. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Gad. i. 23 He. .doth now 
evangelize the faith which sometime he expugned. 1657 
Eart Mons. tr. Paruta’s Pol. Disc. 159 Solyman..wasted 
so much time in expugning the strong Hold of Buda as it 
proved the safety of that Country. 

2. To overcome or expel by force of arms; to 
vanquish, overpower. 

1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 244 The pope..stirred up.. 
the young French king..to expugne and extinguish these 
Albigenses his enimies. /ééd (1641) III, 666 They could not 
expugne him by arguments or disputation. 1610 BARROUGH 
Meth. Physick. vin. (1639) 439 Cancre, and Elephantiasis, 
which diseases do expugne gentle medicines. 1628 Hoppes 
Thucyd. (1822) 41 Lest making them desperate we make them 
also harder to expugne. 1674 Jossetyn Voy, New Eng. 48 
This assertion is not expugned by Geocentricks. 1699 
Evetyn Acetaria 90 The Nasturtia are..the most effectual 
-. agents in conquering and expugning that cruel Enemy. 

Hence + Expu‘gned #//.a, + Expu'gner, one 
who takes by storm, +Expugning 2/7. sd. 

1598 Martowe Hero & L. mt. Wks, (Rtldg.) 292/1 So far’d 
fair Hero in th’ expugnéd fort Of her chaste bosom. 1608 
Cuarman Byron's Conspir. Plays 1873 II. 190 He will 
prooue Of the yet taintlesse fortresse of Byron A quick Ex- 
pugner. +589 Warner Adb, Eng. (1612) 330 The reuengeful 
flames of Troy..had perfected the more ‘Ten yeares 
Siege of the Greecians sxpoening ofthesame. 1657 Tomuin- 
son Renou’'s Disp. 128 The expugning of several affections. 

+Expu‘gnable, @. Oss. [a. OF. expugnadie, 
ad. L. expugnabilis, f. expugnare: see Expucn.] 
That ~— taken by force, conquered, or overcome. 

1570 in Levins Manip. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. 
(1625) 37 An Nag ae le wickednesse. 1625 Purcnas Pi/- 
grims 1. 1213. Syracon tooke an expugnable Fort. 1765 
Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 12/2 A place which no art was 
requisite to defend, though a great deal to take in if at all 


expugnable. 

+E ‘gnance. Ods. rare—'. [f. Expucn+ 
-axon Storming (of a city), conquest. 

cx611 CuapMan //iad vit. 247 Grant to me Th’ expugnance 
of well-builded Troy. . 

+ Expu: cy. Obs. vare—', [f, Expuen+ 
-ANnoy.] Opposition, conflict. 

1620 J. Witkinson 7veat. Coroners & Sherifes 32 b, In the 
new bookes before they have expugnancy of opinion in the 
case where purgation is to be done. 


EXPULSE. 


+ Expu'gnat, pple. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. ex- 
pugnat-us, pa. pple. of expugndre: see Expuan.] 
Taken by storm ; conquered. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot, (1821) I. 253 Thus wes Rome 
finalie expugnat [ frixted expugnant]. 

wgnate, v. Obs. [f. L. expugnat- ppl. 
stem of expugnare.] trans. = Expuen. 

1568 C. Watson Polyé, 67a, There began a wonderful tem- 
pest to arise, which the Carthaginian maryners espying.. 
counsayled Carthalon to oxpugnate ({mistransl. capa, ‘to 
double’) the promontarie Pachynus. 1625 Purcuas Piv- 
grims 1. 1266 Dominicke..had helpers with the sword to 
expugnate those which his word could not. 

+ Expugna‘tion. 0s. Also 6 expugnacion. 
[a. OF. expugnation, ad. L. expugnation-em, n. of 
action f. expugnare: see ExPuGN.] 

1. The action of taking by storm ; conquest. 

1524 More in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 88 I. 255 At Pavia 
by th’ expugnation wherof he thought to put all the rema- 
nant in fere and drede. 1555 EpEN Decades 171 The ex- 
pugnation and recouerie of the kyngedome of Granata. 
@ 1639 Spottiswoop Hist. Ch, Scot. v. (1677) 270 The Regent 
intreateth.. help for the expugnation of the Castle. 1680 
Morven Geog. Rect. Spain 176 The Phocensis. .a little before 
their Expugnation by Cyrus. 

b. Storming, assault. 

1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot (1821) I. 254 Fergus..went 
with him to the expugnation of sindry othir townis in Italie. 
1579 Fenton Guicciard. .(1599) 165 To preuent that suc- 
cour by the expugnation of Bybienna. 1618 T. Gainsrorp 
P. Warbeck in Select. Harl, Misc. (1793) 88 The worthy 
general. .cast up a strong. . battery, for the expugnation. 

2. Subduing or expelling by force of arms. 

1429 in Rymer Fadera (1710) X. 424 The Reduction and 
Expugnation of th’ Eretikes. 1604 T. WriGuT Passions 1. 
i. 5 The life of a spirituall man ought to bee imployed in the 
expugnation of these molestfull Jebusites. 1624 Gre Foot 
out of Snare 76 He fought a good fight..in expugnation of 
Heresies. 1657 Tomiinson, Renou’s Disp. 497 Medicaments 
for the expugnation of all diseases, 

+ Expu'gnative, «. Obs. rare—3. [f. L. ex- 
pugnat-, ppl. stem of expugnare: see EXPUGN and 
-IVE. Cf. OF. expugnatif, -ive.] Tending to take 
by storm; tending to drive out. 

¢1630 Jackson Creed wv. m1. ix. Wks. III. 466 The ex- 
pugnative or expulsive force. 

+ Expu'gnatory, z. Obs. [ad. L. expugnd- 
forius conquering, f. expugnare: see Expuen.] 

a. Of weapons: Adapted for attack, offensive. 
b. Adapted for breaking down (an argument). 

a. 1601 Bp. Bartow Def. Prot. Relig. 63 Weapons, both 
defensive and expugnatorie. 1693 Urquuart Radelazs 1. 
Prol., Warlike Engines, expugnatorie and destructive. 
1737 Ozett Radelais III. 211 He calls ’em Repuguatory 
Weapons, not Lxpugnatory. 7 

b. 1652 GauLte Magastrom, 180 Not with an invitatory 
operation, but an expugnatory refutation. 

Expuition, var. of Exspuirion. 

+Expulsa'tion. Os. vare-'. [f. L. expuls- 
ppl. stem of expel/ére (see EXPULSE) +-ATION. Cf. 
Putsation.] = EXpusion, 

1615 Crooke Body of Man 407 As attractions and expulsa- 
tions are in other parts, so it is likely they are in the heart. 

+ Expw'lsative, a. Ods. [f.as prec. + -ATIVE.] 
Tending to expel or drive out ; in quot. quasi-sd. 

1659 FULLER Aff. Jy. [nnoc. 1. 20 A Defensative against, 
or expulsative of, Poyson. 

+ Expu'lse, sé. Ods. rare—}.  [f. EXPULSE 7. ; 
after xepzlse.] An act of expelling or driving out. 

1565 GoLpInG Ovid's Met. 1x. (1593) 229 Unhappie wench 
she takes from daie to daie Repulse upon expulse, 

+Expulse (ekspz'ls), v. Ols. Also 6 ex- 
poulse, -pulce, -puls. [ad. L. expulsare, fre- 
quentative of exfel/ére: see Exper. Cf. F. ex- 
pulser.) trans. A synonym of EXPEL ; sometimes 
expressing more strongly the notion of violence. 
Very common in the 16-17th c.; now Ods., 
though casual examples occur in 19th c. Const. 

rom, out of; also with double obj. by omission of 
rom. 

a. with obj. a person, etc.: To drive or thrust 
out from a place ; to eject, evict from a possession 
or holding ; to turn out of an office, community, 
etc. Cf. EXPEL I a, 2. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 209 Saturnus, expulsede of 
Iupiter his son, commenge to the realme of Ianus, made a 
cite. cx1s00 New Not-br. Mayd in 5 Poet. Tracts (Percy 
Soc.) 37 From his thought, I that hym bought, Shall be 
Peete playne. 158x Lamparpe Liven. n. iv. (s88) 
164 A Lessee for yeeres of lande, that is expulsed by force. 
1583 Stusses Anat. Abdus. 1. 49 Adam our first parent was 
expulsed paradise. 1604 Lng. Gilds (1870) 436 He shall 
never be..expullsed [from a tenement] but by the kings 
writ. 1640 YorKE Union Hon. . King Edward the fourth 
..being .. expulsed the realme by the powerfull Earle of 
Warwicke. 1660 R. Mossom Afol. Sequest. Clergy 7 Other 
Pastours were displac’t and expulst, 1738 Broome Odyssey 
III. x1. 159 note, Peleus was expuls’d from his kingdom by 
Acastus. 1842 Tazt’s Mag. IX. 438 Unless you wish to be 
expulsed for ever from your mother’s house. 3 

b. with a material thing as obj.: To drive out 
by mechanical force. Of the body, its parts or 
organs: To eject, expel (the contents, any foreign 
substance, excrements, etc.). Also said of the ac- 
tion of drugs, etc. Cf. EXPEL 1b, c. 

1542 Boorpr Dyetary iv. (1870) 237 To. .expulse all corrupt 
and contagyous ayre. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xvii. $9 

5 


EXPULSER. 


Kernel being. .expulsed with the torture and presse of 

methode, Feces poe gnarl a Se The 

mis expulsed by ostrils. 1 eV. 197 

Sand, gravel and ashes only were sien 1823 f. Bapcock 
Dom, A em, 78 To exp Ise all pheric air. 

¢. with immaterial a 

1gos5 Fisner 7 Penit. Ps. 115 Abney god expulsed 

synne. 1596 Adw. ///, m1. ii. 38 Sweet-flowering peace. . Is 

uite abandon’d and expuls’d the land. 1605 Bacon Adv. 

Learn. 1 #i.§7 Noman need doubt that learning will expulse 

41 a 

"J 


The 
the 


business. 1767 A. CAMPBELL Lexiph. (1774) 6 


ditary es .. which may our 
ce gr ded as a cari ure of «Joh +] 

Hence Expu'lsed f//. a, Expu'lsement = Ex- 
PULSION. Expu‘lsing vi/. sb. 

1603 B. Jonson Sejanus v. x. Wks. (Rtldg.) 171/2 The ex- 
pulsed Apicata, finds them there. 1691 Ep. Tayor tr. 
Behmen’s Theos. Phil. 46 The Expulsed Dragon. 

1537 Irish Acts, 28 Hen. VIII, c.1 89 Such manors..or 
other heredi s so had z d or expu 

1548 Upatt Erasm. Par. Pref. 5 The expulsyng of the 
Romishe Antichriste. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 87, 
No expulsing of the franke tenemente of the heyre. 1578 
Banister //ist. Man v. i The expulcing of flegme. 1640 
¥rnl. Ho. Com. 11. 73 The Expulsing of the Priests and 
Jesuits. 

Expulser (ekspa'lsaz). Obs. [f. prec. +-ER 1.] 
One who or that which expels or drives out; in 
senses of the vb. Const. of 

140 Hyrpe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) Aa vj, The 
man standeth as it were in the middest betweene his mother 
and his wife: and so either of them hateth other, as an 
expulser of her selfe. 1346 Lanciey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 
1. xiii. (1560) 24 b, The Science of Philosophy which Tully 
calleth the. .expulser of vyce. 1605 TIMME Guersit 111, 148 
Nature..stirreth up the expulser, and prouoketh it to send 
forth the excrements. 1823 D’Israeti Cur. Lit. (1858) III, 
424 The expulser of the Tarquins. 

Expulsion (ekspz'lfan). [ad. L. expulsion-em, 
n, of action f. expel/ére: see EXPEL. Cf. Fr. expul- 
ston.] The action of expelling, or driving out by 
force (a person or thing); the turning out (of a 
person) from an office, a society, etc. Also the 


fact or condition of being expelled. 

1 Fasyan Chron. u. xxx. 22 Brenne..takyng sore to 
mynde his expulsion from his naturall countre. 1526 Pilgr. 
Perf, W. de W. 1531) 93 b, Somtyme foloweth thexpulsyon 
of y® holy goost and his grace. 1557 Paynet Barcéay's 
Fugurth 90 Neyther to acquisicion of vertue nor expul- 
sion of vyce. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 221 
The total expulsion of the Spaniards. 1661 Cow.ey Adv. 
pri a Philos. Wks. 48 The perseverance in any enmity 
shall be punish’d by the Governors with expulsion. 1698 
Luptow Mem. I. 292 Such extraordinary Expulsions as had 
been lately used. “1796 Burke Corr. IV. 336 He forgets.. 
his kind behaviour to me, at the time of my expulsion from 
the party. 1816 Sincer /ist. Cards 258 note, It. . affords 
the first precedent of the expulsion of a member from the 
House of Commons. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. u. v. 250 The 
change... consists in the gradual expulsion of the air. 

b. In physiological use. Formerly sfec. ; now 
contextual. + Virtue of expulsion = expulsive 
virtue (EXPULSIVE 1). 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 168 (MS. A) In pe cloop pat is 
Fpouckey bere ben longe villis and bat makip expulcioun. 
Ibid, 194 In cai AD pe vertu of expulcion is strong. ¢15§32 
Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1054 A body..may, nat grow 
by the vertue of such degestion without expulsion. 1626 
Bacon Sylva § 353 The Bringing forth of Living Creatures 
may be Accelerated ..if there be some cause from the 
Mothers Body of Expulsion or putting it down. 1732 Ar- 
putHNot Rules of Diet 359 Soft Liquors drank plentifully 
.-promote the Expulsion of the Stone Gravel. 1851 Car- 
PeNTER Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 392 The alternate admission and 
expulsion of air. .in Insects. 

Hence Expu‘lsionist, one who favours the ex- 
pulsion of any person or persons. 

1885 Atheneum 20 June orl The ‘expulsionists’ were 
‘nowhere’! 1886 P. 1 Mall G. 11 June 3/2 All the Prince's 
arguments are better than those of the expulsionists. 

+ Expu'lsitive, a. Obs. rare. Erroneous form 
of next. 

a1592 Greene & Lopce Looking Glass Dram, Wks. I. 68 
Of the nature of ginger, ’tis expulsitive in two degrees. 

ulsive (ekspz'lsiv), a. andsé. Also 4 ex- 
pulsif, 5 -syfe, 6 -cive. [a. F. pene Gi -tve, ad. 
med.L. expulsiv-us, £. expellére to EXPEL: see Ex- 
PULSE an Bat A, adj. 

1, Tending or having the power to expel. Chiefly 
with reference to the action of drugs and medical 
appliances for the expulsion of morbid influences 
or deleterious substances from the system. Very 
frequent in phr. + Zxpulsive faculty, virtue. 

1386 Cuaucer Aut.’s 7. 1891 The vertu expulsif..Ne 


may the venym voyde, ne expelle. 1471 RirLey Se 
Akh, wm. in m, (1652) 141 Of poysons most expulsyfe. 
1541 R, Cortanp Guydon's Quest. Chi »y Other maner of 


dynge is called expulsiue .. to expell and put out the 
be from the botome. 1547 isonoe ven. Health Pref. 4 
Chierurgyons must knowe.. what Jen [of the moon] be 
expulcive. 1658 A. Fox tr. Wurts’ Surg. u. viii. 70 An ex- 
sive vulnerary potion. 1686 Goan Cedest. Bodies 1. ix. 

‘old is..Expulsive of its Contrary. 1758 J. S. Le Dran's 
Observ. Surg. (1771) F In the Application of expulsive 
Compresses. 1803 J. Kenny Society 29 Duties congenial to 
thy gentle heart Her | teac pulsive of despai 
1885 Manch. Exam. 26 Oct. 5/2 The enormous expulsive 
force of the steam in its endeavour to esca 

+2. Subject to expulsion ; hence, driven out. vere. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. viii, Her ly fygure I 
graved in my thought; Except her selfe all were expulcyfe. 


450 


+8. Tending to repel ; = REPELLENT. Ods. 
1618 CHarmMan Hesiod 11. 225 Even ox-hides also want 
expulsive stuff. 1662 R. Maruew Uni. Alch. § 24 This 


Hence Expu'lsiveness. 
in Bamey vol. II. 

+ ‘sor. Obs. rare—'. [a. L. expulsor, 
agent-n. f. expel/tre to EXPULSE.] = EXPULSER, 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 405 If a peple expulsede be 
abowte to expelle the expulsores of hit. 

(ekspm'lsari), a. rare—". [f. L. type 

*expulsori-us, f,expulsor: see prec.and -ory.] Of or 
pertaining to expulsion; of the nature of expulsion. 

1866 Huxiey Phys. v. (1869) 123 The far longer intervals 


between the expulsory acts. 

4 ‘Isure. Ods. rare. [f. L. expuls- ppl. 
stem of exfellére (see EXPEL) +-URE.] The action 
of expelling. 

¢1611 Cuapman J/iad 1. 339 To have infix’d it in thy 
breast, Ev’n to the expulsure of thy soul. ay, CoKAINE 


| Poems 23 'Tis he..that sternly should advance (To the ex- 


pulsure of a Soul) a Lance, 

+ Expu'micate, v. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of ex- 
pimicare, f. ex- out + piimic-, piimex PuMIce.] 
trans. To clean with pumice-stone; ‘to purge or 
make clean (Blount). Hence + Bxpumicartion, 
the action of cleaning with pumice. 

1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Expumicate. 1658 Pxiturs, 
Expumication., So 1775 in Asu. 

+Expu'net, v. Olds. [f. L. expunct- ppl. stem 
of expungére: see EXPUNGE.] ¢rans, = EXPUNGE. 

1610 BarroucH Meth. Physick. vin. (1639) 452 These 
simples be withdrawn and expuncted out of that Electuary. 

‘xpunction (ekspynkfan). [ad. L. expunct- 
ion-em, n. of action f. expungére : see next.) 

1. The action of expunging ; an erasure. 

1606 W. Crasnaw Rom. Forgeries & Falsific. G iij b, That 
which is to be corrected, may be done with some small ad- 
dition or expunction. c161z CHapman //iad 1. Comm. (1857) 
59 Of which verse his interpreters 3 out for the expunction. 
1768 Swinton in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 249 The expunction 
of the L..and the substitution of the V in its stead. 1810 
Bentuam Packing (1821) 188 The omission—and .. the ex- 
punction—of names. 1823 W. Roscoe tr. Sismond?’s Lit. 
Eur. xxxvi. (1846) 11. 448 xote, The consonant in the middle 
of the words being. .fixed upon for expunction. 

+2. A wiping out, removal. Oés. 

1615 T. Apams Leaven 120 The Gospell intends the ex- 
punction of the old Image. 1660 Z. Crorton Fasten. St. 
Peter's Fetters 64 Total expunction of such Doctrine. 

Expunge (eckspundz), v. [ad. L. expung-te 
to mark for deletion (a name in a list) by points 
set above or below, f. ex- out + pungére to prick: 
see PUNCTURE, Pornt. 

The L. word was by the earlier Lat.-E ——— hers 
taken to denote actual obliteration by pricking. e Eng. 
use is prob. influenced by phonetic association with sponge.] 

1. trans. To strike out, blot out, erase, omit (a 
name or word from a list, a phrase or passage from 
a book or record). 

1602 Fusecke 1st, Pt. Parall. 68 These words .. were 
ordered by the Court to be expunged or blotted out. 1658 
Futver CA. Hist. u. ii. § 25 Some of after-Ages..purposely 
expunged the Year (..the Date of this Epitaph). 1712 
Appison Sfect. No. 23 P 3 Having expunged the Passages 
which had given him offence. 1839 KeicutLey Hist. Eng. 
II. 47 His office was expunged from the breviary. 
Arnotp Guide Eng. Lit, Mixed Ess. 184 It is a gain to 
shorten it by expunging anything superfluous. 

. fig. To wipe out, efface, annihilate, annul, 
go put an end to. 

1628 Hosses 7hucyd. (1882) 13 Neither had there ever 
been so many cities expunged and made desolate. 5 
Sanvys ¥od 11 Wilt thou not .. expunge th’ offence? 1712 
Stee.e Sfect. No. 432 ? 9 Reflexions of this nature have ex- 
punged all Prejudice out of my Heart. 1817 Cuatmers 
Astron. Disc. v. (1852) 113 The infidel argument of astrono- 
mers goes to expunge a natural perfection from the charac- 
ter of God. 1871 C. Davies Metr. Syst. u. 42 We have ex- 
ny the yard, used in connection with the arm, more or 
less in a 

3. +a. To strike out the name of (a person) from 
a book or list. Obs. Hence b. To get rid of, re- 
move. 

1616-61 Horypay Persius 303 Would I might expun, 
this young rich ward. 1655 Porss Ch, Hist, xt. ii. § 
The Court was moved to expunge those Witnesses, whic’ 
made most against the King. 1875 ManninG Mission 1. 
Ghost vii, 192 To expunge God from Science, 

Hence Expu'nger, one who expunges, or seeks 
to expunge. Expu‘nging vé/. sd. and ffi. a. 

¢ x61 CHapman //iad xvi. Comm. (1857) I. 104 Which is as 
pay ited of the expung as the rest of the places 
in Homer that have ed or laughed under their casti- 
gations. 1875 N. Sarcent Pudlic Men 1. 339 The ex- 
ungers had the numbers. r719 Swirt 7o Vag. Cig 

3 


many alterations, additions, and expungings 
1834 H. N. Corerincr Crk. 
i oo ing ~s ba il ays W. pung 
ngs, to upw: 15,000 hexameter lines, ORCESTE! 
pats a blotting out, effacing. : * 
Expungement (ekspyndgmént). rare. [f. 
unging. 
1891 Scott. Leader 28 Jan. 4 Yesterday's act of n, 
ment [of resolution from House of Gueeons Journal. wi 


ny 
authors, ets (ed. 2) 3 
and 


prec.+-MENT.] The action of exp’ 


EXPURGATORIAL. 


_1833 H. Coreripce North. Worthies 1. 19 An expurgate 
liturgy. 


te (ekspzigelt, ekspo~ age) v. [f.L. 
expurgat- ppl. stem of expurgare, f. ex- (see Ex- 
oh + pour to make ed: ( 
trans. To purge or cl out (something 
"Alko absol. Obs. 
matter 
hocolate 


2. a. To purify or amend (a book, etc.) by re- 
moving what is thought objectionable. b. To 
purge, make pure (vare). Also abso/. 

a. 1678 T. Jones Rome no Mother Ch. 64 The Church of 


Rome. .hath. .cracked her credit by. . expurgating, 
etc. 1819 Byron Yuan. xliv, Juan was tau t from out the 
best edition Expurgated men. HawtTHorne 


Mosses ui. vii. 117 ully corrected, e ted and 
amended, 1871 TyLor Prim. Cult, i.209 The collection lof 
poem ago  ygee —— the - 
purgating itself. YMONDS . Poets xi. His 
Celarioa! ab was to expurgate it from impuriti “i 

b. x8 rencu Finds. Lect. Ser. 11. viii. 285 note, It is 
Chi ity .. which has really expurgated . . literature. 

3. To expunge as objectionable. 

1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxx. (1856) 257, 1 copy them 
from my scrap-book, expurgating only a little. 

Hence E-xpurgated //. 

1831 Macautay Yohnson 
taste..can endure .. abrid, 
1872 O, W. Hotmes Poet 
gated .. copy of Voltaire. 


Expurgetion (ekspvigét‘fan). Also 5 -acion. 
[ad L. expurgation-em, n. of action f. expurgare ; 


see ExpurcaTe. Cf. Fr. expurgation.] 

+1. The action of expurgating or cleansing from 
impurity (/¢. and fig.) ; an instance of this. Obs. 

c1420 Pallad. on Hush. wv. 942 Thaire [bees’] dwellyng 

laces expu[r]gacion Of every filthe aboute A) Calende 

‘ol have of right. 1615 Crooxe Body of Man 31 Sorts 
ordained onely for the expurgation or cleansing of the 
principall. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. Pref. avja, Arts 
and mgdeny oor this expurgation, 1669 GALE Crt.Gentiles 
1. ii. ix. 138 ace bodie; which puritie was attained by 
Expurgations, Washings, etc. 

2. The removal from a book, etc., of that which 
is deemed objectionable ; an instance of this. 

1614 _ Hatt Efist. u. iii, Nothing ing a guiltines 
so much, as unjust expurgations, 1 1LTON A a 
(Arb.) 53 This work will rere any ee ance cas 
ope por 1 oe oe ecm 2 Aug. (1890) 
110/3 YoF politicall as well as phi i xpurgations 
1820 Soutney Left. (1856) III. 199 Sewell’s History of the 
Quakers .. has undergone a like ex; ion. Giap- 
stone Homer I. 70 It seems to invite expurgation in order 
to establish the consi y of its 


8. The action of purging from imputed guilt ; 
clearing ; exculpation ; after L. expurgatio. arch. 

1808 Scort F. I Perth xxiii, The evidence of the Duke 
of Rothsay in expurgation, as it was termed, of Sir John. 

4. The action of purging away (impurities, etc.) ; 
transf. the clearing out, removal (of objectionable 
members of a community). 

1615 Crooxe Body of Man 183 The melancholly iuyce 
aede the ene toeeiole ex : tion, 1648 Br. Hau 
Serm. Rem. Wks. (1660) 190 The severe censure and ex- 
purgation of those whom the Psalmist .. calls d 
persons. 165: Biccs New Disp. ? 244 A Cautery or Fon- 
tanell is not set to the ation of a malignant humour, 
1839 James Louis X/V, 1. 448 The expurgation of all those 
mem opposed to the Fronde, was i 1864 Sat. 
Rev. 31 Dec. 797/2 The later months of the year have ended 
in the py ee of weak speculators. 

+5. Astr. The re-ap ce of the sun after 
an eclipse; emersion, Oés. 

1730-6 in Bartey (folio). 17gx in Cuamners Cyc. 1862 
Chambers’ Encycl. 8.¥. "Eclire, Emersion or expurgation 
is the time when the luminary begins to reappear. 


tor (ekspvigéite1, ekspd gator). [as 


a, 

(851) I. 174 What man of 
ts, editions? 

reakf.-t.i. 17 A kind of expur- 


if a. *expurgator, agent-n. f. expurgare: see 
Expurcate.}] One who expurgates or purifies; 


esp. one who strikes out objectionable passages 
- Io eee Religion (1651) 3 Eusebius 
. G. Let. cone. igion (1651) ee 
ent'ScAngustiog. «may well be o beth olden steed an Ex- 
1688 R. Jenkins Hist. Exam, Councils 1. § 3 


or. 

rnius . .was one of the principal Expurgators. 
Jortin Erasm. _ * oer meee Grotius .. 
was put amon; Prohi! those Expurgators. 
yess Gourmsr in Q. Rev. VI. 333 ‘The the 
book. 1861 Li AE se pg eho 7 He has not merely 
procured Coke's . but ed 
expurgator to his Ri 


guilt. 
Soutuey Le?#. (1856) I. 416 Drawi his expargaterial 
igh it. 1838 carta nl Mod. Greece s. (1863) 
Xi any excellent works. .intercepted in their rudi- 
loalebey these rgatorial ruffians. Miman Lat. 
Chr. Il. v. ii. 923 Fiimse lf he a solemn ex- 
purgatorial + from all i int 


deed, 


EXPURGATORIOUS. 
+Expurgatorious, a. Obs. 


-0uS.] = next. 

164x Mitton Animadv. Wks. 1738 Il. 78 Your Monkish 
Prohibitions, and expurgatorious Indexes. 

Expurgatory (ekspmigatosi), a. [ad. mod.L. 
expurgatorius ; see EXPURGATE and -oRY.] Of or 
pertaining to expurgation ; disposed or tending to 
expurgate or clear of impurity, guilt, etc. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 11. vi. § 10.103 Expurgatory 
animadversions, whereby wee might strike out t numbers 
of hidden qualities. 1675 Marve.t Divine in Mode Wks. 111. 
22 We seem to have got an expurgatory press, though not 
an index. a1797 Burke Tracts Popery Laws ii. Wks. IX. 

39 The party has failed in his expurgatory proof. 1821 J. 

WELL Shaks. Wks. Advt. I. 8 There are some annota- 
tions.. I should gladly have omitted, but. . such an expur- 
gatory liberty seemed to me to be going beyond the bounds 
of my ‘limited service ’. 

b. Lxpurgatory Index: the list of authors and 
writings forbidden by the Church of Rome to be 
read unless they shall have been expurgated. (The 
Lat. Zndex expurgatorius is now commonly used.) 

1625 Ussuer Answ. Yesuit 513 Their Old Expurgatory 
Index. .set out by Cardinall Quiroga. 1667 PooLe Diad. 
Protest. & Papist (1735) 139 [The Church of Rome’s] 
—_ tory Indices. 1826 E. Irvine Babylon I. ii. 125 No 
other book.. hath been permitted to escape..their.. Ex- 
purgatory Indices. 

transf. 1794 Matuias Purs. Lit. (1798) 87 There .. should 
be an expurgatory index to.. Shakspeare. 

Expurge (ekspi-1dz), v. Rare in mod. use. 
[a. Fr. expurge-r, refashioned from espurger = Pr. 
siege iL. expurgare: see EXPURGATE.] 

. trans. a. To cleanse, purify from, of (any- 
thing unclean or objectionable). b. To purge 
away (anything offensive). Const. from, out of. 

a. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 178/2 Desyre .. expurged fro the 
dust of al bagehag? J affeccion. 1853 Miss Suerrarp C. 
Auchester I. 179 [It did] expurge [me] of all earthly. 

b._ 1542 Becon Potation for Lent Wks. (Parker Soc. 1843) 
118 It is not enough... to expurge and put sin out of you. 
1578 BanistER Hist. Man. 1.12 The pituitous excrements 
expurged from the head vnto the eyes. 1620 VENNER Via 
Recta vy. 86 [It]..expurgeth the sharpe and cholericke 
humors. 1657 Tomtinson Renon’s Disp. 505 Melancholical 
humour easie to be expurged. 

2. a. To ExpureatE (a book, etc.). b. To ex- 
punge as objectionable from a book. 

a. 1635 Pacitr Chistianogr. 1. iii. (1636) 170 In these. . Litur- 
gies .. some... seeme to be corrupted and expurged. 1662 J. 
Cuanvier Van Helmont’s Orviat. Pref., Take all my Writ- 
ings, as well those crude and uncorrected, as those that are 
thorowly expurged. 

b. 1638 T. Wuiraker Blood of Grape 62 We may therfore 
expurge this pernicious and intolerable mistake. a 1672 
Woop Lif (1848) 168 To have that passage expurg’d. 18: 
H, Mevvitt in Preacher III. 100/2 If a i. portions of the 
Bible were expurged, it would be hard. .to prove the doctrine 
from the remainder. 

Hence Expurging vd/. sb, Expurging [Index 
= Expurgatory Index. 

1635 Pacitr Christianogr. (1646) 1. 105 They plainly con- 
fesse the expurging of the Indian Liturgie. BaF Mitton 
Areop. (Arb.) 39 The council of Trent, and the Spanish 
bs uisition .. perfeted those Catalogues and expurging 

ndexes. 


[f. as prec. + 


1645 Br. Hatt Peace Maker § 20 The expurging 
of those {authors] of their own, whom they dare not deface. 

Exputation, -pute, var. ff. ExspuTaTion, 
-PuTE. Obs, 

+Exqui're, v. Ols. [ad. L. exguiré-re to 
search out diligently, f. ex- out + guwrére to seck.] 
trans. To search out, seck for; to find out by 
searching. 

1607 Cuapman Bussy D’ Ambois v. i, Make her name her 
conceald messenger. . That passeth all our studies to exquire. 
1615 — Odyss. 1v. 520 Who can the deeps of all the seas ex- 
quire. ¢x618 FLetcHER Q. Corinth w. iii. (1st fol.), How 
she came by it, is not yet exquired. 1652 Bentowes 7heoph. 
x1. Ixxi, The soul, that beauteousnesse of Grace exquires. 

+ panned, a. Obs. rare. [2 f. Fr. exguds, pa. 
pple. of OF. exguerre, esquerre:—L. exquirére (see 
prec.) + -ED1; or var. of exguzstte.] = next. 

152 Balade in Bradshaw's St. Werburge (1887) 201 With 
termes exquised and sence retoriall. 

Exquisite (ekskwizit), a. and sd. Also 5-6 
exquisyt(e, 6-8 -it.. [ad L. exquisit-us, pa. pple. 
of exquirére to search out, f. ex- out + guerére 
to search, seek.] 


1. Sought out, ‘recherché’. +a, Of an expe- 
dient, explanation, reason: Sought out, ingeni- 
ously devised, far-fetched. Of studies: Abstruse. 

c1460 Forrescue Ads. § Lint. Mon. (1714) 36 He schal 
by necessite be artid, to fynd exquisyte [Laud MS. re- 
quisite] meanys of getting of goods. 1565 JeweL Repd. 
Harding (1611) 299 If this exposition seeme to M, Harding 
ouer exquisite, or curious. 160r SHaks. Zwel, N. 1. iit. 
155, 1 haue no exquisite reason for’t, but I haue reason 
good enough, 1665 G. Havers P. della Vaile’s Trav. 
E. India 8 The English. .well understand all the most ex- 
quisite points of Navigation. ‘ 

b. Of language, expression, terms: Carefully 
selected ; aptly chosen, choice. Hence, out of the 
way, uncommon ; in unfavourable sense, affected, 
over-laboured. Ods. 

1430 Henryson Test. Creseide xxxix, To here His 
faconde tonge, and termes exquisite. 1g21 in Bradshaw's 
St, Werburge (1887) 20x Fragrant and facunde of englisshe 


451 


exquisite. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 16, I thocht it nocht 
necessair til hef fardit..this tracteit vitht exquisite termis, 
Pg ar nocht daly vsit. 1593 R. Harvey Philad. 70 

f the phrase be not exquisit, or the observation not 
singular. 1650 R. Srapytton Strada’s Low C. Warres 
mt. 54 Which benefit Granvel ascribed to the Dutchess, 
with exquisite thanks. 1698-9 Maunprett Let. in Yourn. 
Ferus. end, The most hideous Execrations : in which way 
these Eastern Nations have certainly the most exquisite 
Rhetorick of any People upon Earth. 

ec. Of meat, drink, etc.: Carefully chosen ; 
choice, dainty, delicious (passing into sense 5). 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1v. 86 The filthy desire of 
exquisite meates. 1585 Lioyp 7veas. Health C iij, In al 
diseases of long continuance the pacyent most vse lytle 
meate & exquisite. 1671 Mitton P. RX. 1. 346 All Fish 
from Sea or Shore..of Shell or fin, And exquisitest name. 
1715 Netson Addr. Pers. Qual. 66 The Devil. nourishes 
himself with the most exquisite morsels. 1716 Lapy M. W. 
Montacue Le?t. I. vii. 22 Eighteen different sorts [of wine] 
all exquisite in their kinds. 1781 Gipson Decl. & F. II.10 
The Propontis..renowned for. .the most exquisite fish. 

+2. Carefully ascertained or adjusted ; accurate, 
exact. Of an action, investigation, etc.; whence of 
persons or agents: Careful, curious, minute. Ods. 

1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 52 a, The meate that shall 
make syckenes, must not a lyttell excede the exquisite 
measure, 1571 Campion /ist. /red. vii. (1633) 22 It will be 
no hard matter to discry the falshood, wherein I would be 
more exquisite, were it worth my labour. 158x MutcasTer 
Positions xii, (1887) 249 The framing of the minde. .craueth 
exquisite consideration. 1602 FuLsecke 2nd Pt. Paral. 
2 In the due performance of his Tithe, he was alwaies dili- 
gent and exquisite. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 2 
A necessitie of a more exquisite trauaile in the languages 
originall, wherein those Authors did write. 1624 WorTton 
Archit. (1672) 26 There must be an exquisite care to place 
the Columnes precisely one over another. 1634 Mu11on 
Comus 359 Be not over exquisite ‘To cast the fashion of 
uncertain evils. 1715 J. Ricnarpson 74, Paint. 28 A curious 
Mechanick’s Hand must be exquisite, but his Thoughts are 
.-pretty much at Liberty. 1757 Burke Adridgm. Eng. Hist. 
u. vii, Accuracy or exquisite digestion of their laws. 

tb. of knowledge. Oés. 

15364 GoLpinc ¥ustine 94 Takyng his iourney first into 
Egipt, and afterward to Babilo..he [Pythagoras] attained 
to meruelous exquisite knowledge. 1651 Cutperrer Astrol. 
Judgem. Dis. Ep. (1658) 2 To make judgement sound, is 
required an exquisite knowledg. 

+e. Path. (transl. Gr. dxpiBys, rendered exguzs- 
ztus in the Lat. versions of Galen.} Of a specified 
disease: Accurately so named; typical, genuine, 
as opposed to spurtous. Cf. F. (fidvre) exguise. 

1610 BarrouGH Meth. Physick v. xvi. (1639) 307 In an ex- 
quisite Erysipelas make no detraction of bloud. 1656 
Rivciey Pract. Physick 136 An exquisite differs from a 
bastard Tertian. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. wv. 120 
An exquisite Diabetes caused by attraction of urine. 

3. Carefully elaborated ; brought toa high degree 
of perfection. 

ta. Of art, workmanship, a product of art or 
nature: Elaborate, highly finished, excellent. Of 
an action or process, a state or condition; Carried 
to a high degree of perfection or completeness. 
Obs. ; merged in 4, 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 5 They se that exquisite 
workananship in al their members. 1589 NAsHE Greeve’s 
Menaphon led. (Arb.) 13 Manie other exquisite editions of 
Divinitie, turned by him [Golding] out of the French 
tongue, 1607 TorsELL Four-f Beasts (1673) 264 Forum 
Trajani, the most exquisite building of all ihe world. 1616 
Surrt. & Maru. Country Farme 144 The hearbe called 
Rose-baie, or Oleander .. is an exquisite remedie for this 
disease. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 379 They shall make 
an exquisite dispatch of the inhabitants. 1709 SrTryre 
Ann. Ref. 1. xxi, 250 Wherein he hath done such exquisite 
service to the Protestant cause. a be Ken Hymns Evang. 
Poet. Wks. are I. 52 All things which exquisitest Poysons 
breed. 1752 Hume &ss. & Treat. (1777) I. 193 Everything, 
belonging to a vain man, is the best that is any where to be 
found..his cookery is more exquisite. 180z PaLey Nat. 
Theol. viii. § 3 (1819) 87 Small pipes which. .might. .dis- 
tribute this exquisite supply to every part of the body. 

b. Of torture: Elaborately devised; hence, ex- 
cruciating, intensely painful. Cf. 6. 

1603 Knoutes Hist. Turks (1621) 475 He caused [them] to 
be put to death with most exquisit torments. 1630 2. 
Fohnson’s Kingd. & Commw. 13 Tortures of more exquisite 
device. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr.1. i. (1673) 2 Put to death 
with the most exquisite arts of torture. 

e. Of qualities, dispositions, habits, whether 
good or bad: Cultivated to a high degree of in- 
tensity ; consummate, extreme. Now with some 
notion (in the case of bad qualities, ironical) of 
sense 4, 

— Hutoet, Exquisite or immoderate clenlines. 1648 
Exkon Bas. xii, With exquisite malice they have mixed the 
gall and vinegar of falsitie and contempt with the cup of 

y Affliction. 1774 Westey Whs. (1830) IV. 18 His ex- 
quisite want of judgment. 1818 Jas. Me, Brit. India 1. 
11. x. 465 ote, The exquisite ignorance and stupidity of the 
Mysoreans in the art of war. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
II. 54 A new religious order. .animated by intense enthu- 
siasm and organised with exquisite skill. — 

+4. Of a ge etc.: Accomplished either in 

ood or bad things ; consummate, excellent, per- 
Const. at, of, 7, also ¢o with zzf. Obs. 

1830 Parscr. Introd. 44 If any..be di us to be ex- 
quisyt in the frenche tong. 158: J. Bert Haddon's Answ. 
Osor. 59 A bishop, so exquisite in divinity, as you are. 1 
Torset Four. Beasts (1673) 393 It is a creature very dili- 
gent and exquisite, both to compass, seek out and chuse the 


fect. 


EXQUISITELY. 


same, 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 236 Regia Bander, an 
exquisite vilaine, murders the olde and young Moguls. 1659 
R. Starytton Strada’s Low C. Warres v1. 21 Captaine 
Campin an exquisite Enginere. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) 
II. xiii. 277 His honour must..be a most exquisite sloven. 
1771 FRANKLIN A xfobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 82 A most exquisite 
mechanic, and a solid, sensible man. 1806-7 J. BERESFORD 
Miseries Hum, Life (1826) xv. Introd., I made her write. . 
to an exquisite gentleman. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xxvi, ‘I 
guessed he had some exquisite instructer’, said Louis. 

5. Of such consummate excellence, beauty, or 
perfection, as to excite intense delight or admira- 
tion. (Now the prevailing sense; in early ex- 
amples a contextual use of 3, sometimes of 1 
or 2.) 

1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 38 A woman so exquisite that 
in some mens judgement Pigmalions image was not halfe 
soexcellent. 16rx SHaxs. Cymz6.1. vi. 190 Jewels, Of rich, 
and exquisite forme. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Ero- 
mena x The youngest among them was a babe of exquisite 
beauty. /did.51 Caused the March or Levata to be sounded 
.-with such exquisite melodie [etc]. 1845 L. Hunt Stories 
Ttal. Poets 1, 168 A lovely spot. .enamelled with flowers that 
surpassed the exquisitest dyes. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. x. 67 
The weather was so exquisite. 1876 HumpHreys Coin-Coll. 
Man. xxvi. 387 The Greeks found means to invest with ex- 
quisite symmetry evena..vineleaf. 1879 HARLAN Eyesight 
ii, 12 An exquisite adaptation of every part to the great 
object of the whole. 1884 Q. Victoria Alore Leaves 292 As 
we drove, the setting sun bathed the hills in crimson. .the 
effect was exquisite. 

6. Of pain, pleasure, etc. : Intense, acute, keen. 

1644 Br. Hatt Ser. Rem. Wks. (1660) 105 The Spirit 
feels more exquisite pain without the Body..then it could 
feel in the former conjunction with it. 1745 Frevpinc Tow 
Jones u. vi, Vhe distresses of the vicious.. became too 
exquisite. 1836 Sparks Biog., Mather VI. iv. 262 She was 
thrown into exquisite misery. 1860 Mor.tey Netherd. (1868) 
I, v. 198 It was a moment of exquisite triumph, 1865 Lecky 
Ration. (1878) I. iii. 320 Surgeons .. have derived the most 
exquisite pleasure from the operations of their profession. 

7. Of the power of feeling, bodily or mental, the 
senses, etc.: Keenly sensitive to impressions ; 
acutely susceptible of pain, pleasure, etc.; deli- 
cate, finely-strung. 

1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. Ded. A ijb, One person of 
the exquisitest judgement. 1668 CuLrE & Core Barthol. 
Anat. 1. xix. 51 They have an exquisite sense, and are 
pained when stones pass through them. 1712 STEELE Spect. 
No. 508 P 3 We thought him a Person of an exquisite Palate. 
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 19 The serpent’s olfactory 
nerves being remarkably exquisite. 1842 Macautay /7¢edh. 
Gt. Ess. (1877) I. 660 He had an exquisite ear, and per- 
formed skilfully on the flute. 1852-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. IV. 
219/t The sensibility of the eye to light is very exquisite. 

8. quasi-adv, = EXQuisiTELy, 

1529 More Sufpplic. Soulys Wks. 289/2 In perill of ex- 
quisite paynefull punyshemente. 1743 ButkeLey & Cum- 
mins Voy. S. Seas 145 They [Guanacoes] are exceeding 
nimble, of an exquisite quick Sight. .and difficult to be shot. 

B. sé. A person (usually a man) who is over- 
nice in dress, etc. ; a coxcomb, dandy, fop. 
1819R. Rasevais’ Adeillard & H. 34 Like modern dash- 
ing Exquisites. 1830 ARNoLp in Stanley Life § Corr. (1844) 
II. App. 388 Our exquisites imitate the outside of foreign 
customs without discrimination. 1849 Sir J. STEPHEN 
Eccl. Biog. (1850) 1. 147 The unlucky Exquisite was de- 
graded on the spot. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 241 
The foppish exquisite of the drawing-room. 

+ Exquisited, @. Obs. vare—'. [f. L. exguisit- 
us: see prec. and -ED1.] Made exquisite; refined. 

1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 367 To declare unto 
us..where thys exquisited eloquence of writyng, and speak- 
ing..was fourty yeares agoe? 

Exquisitely (ekskwizitli), adv. [f. prec. + 
-Ly2.] In an exquisite manner or degree. 

+1. With delicate accuracy, exactly; carefully, 
minutely, thoroughly. Ods. 

1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 163 That he..pro- 
nounce every lettre..curyously & exquisytly. 1599 A. M. 
tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 23/1 Pionye kernelles .. 
exquisitelye pouldrede. 1647 Litty Chir. Astroé. xliv. 270 
If the certaine hour..cannot exquisitely be knowne. 1658 
Evetyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 276 Reserve them in great round 
boxes exquisitely shut. 1759 Duhamel’s Husb. 1, ix. (1762) 
52 Till the whole mass is exquisitely mingled. 

2. In a highly finished manner ; with perfection 
of detail ; elaborately, beautifully, excellently. Now 
with emotional sense (cf. EXQUISITE 5) : With such 
delicate beauty or subtle perfection as to excite in- 


tense pleasure or admiration. 

1 Jove Afol. Tindale 29 He hath so eaatysiely trans- 
lated the testament. 1593 Rites § Mon. Ch, Durh. (Surtees) 
43 The picture of Bushop Cedda. -with. his crosier staffe in 
his lefte hand exquisitelie shewed. @ 1639 Wotton Life 
Dk. Buckhm. (1642) 16 A Collection of certain rare Manu- 
scripts, exquisitly written in Arabique. 1791 Cowper /¢iad 
xvi. 272 A goblet exquisitely wrought. 1871 H. AinswortH 
Tower Hill1. xv, The tender melancholy was exquisitely ex- 
pressed by her voice and looks. 1877 Lavy Brassey Voy. 
Sunbeam ix. (1878) 145 A vast chain of exquisitely tinted 


ae ip pee . F . 
3. In the highest degree; exceedingly. Now with 
emotional sense; cf. 2 and ExQUISITE 3c, 4. 

1603 Fiorio Montaigne 1, xxv. (1632) 84 Exquisitely 
readie and skilfull in the Latine. 1647 Warp Sim. Cobler 
(1843) 35 When the coards.of a State are exquisitely tight, 
1683 tr. Erasmus’ Moriz Enc. 92 They are exquisitely 
dexterous in unfolding the most intricate mysteries, 1712 
STEELE be ange No. 497 ? 3 This fellow, in a dress the most 
exquisitely ridiculous. 1746 Hervey Medzt. (1818) I. x51 
As exquisitely fine as the rainbow. 1794 G. oe Nat. & 

-2 


EXQUISITENESS. 
Exquisitely minute they must be 


as Philos, UW. xv. 

Dickens Nich. hk. Xxix, was something so 
exquisitely absurd in such a cartel of defiance. AC 
auLay Hist. Eng. IV. 369 Humour of the most austere 
flavour, yet exquisitely delicious. 1882 E. O'Donovan 
Merv Oasis \. i, 22 The roads were in such exquisitely bad 


ition. 

4. With reference to perception or sensation : 
+a. With nicety or delicacy (ods.) 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 868 We see more exquisitely with 
One Eye Shut than with Both Open. 1684 R. H. Sch. 
Recreat. 19 It is a very sagacious and exquisitely Smelling 
Creature. 1748 Hartiey Odserv. Man. ii. 116 It is cus- 
pray has ing to feel isitely, to rub the Ends 
of the Fingers against the tangible Object. 

b. In an exquisite degree; intensely, acutely, 
keenly. 

1678 Cupwortu JxtedZ. Syst. 891 Should. .a Son not only 
murder his own Parents. .but also Exquisitely torture them. 
1737 Wuiston Yosephus’ Antig. Diss. i, These he punished 
exquisitely. 1802 Med. Yrn/. VIII. 431 A swelling .. be- 
coming exquisitely painful. 1851 Heirs Friends inC, I. 14 
To see ten human beings.. ing each other exquisitel 
uncomfortable. 1855 Macauray Hist. Eng. III. 284 
people exquisitely sensitive on points of national honour. 

Exquisiteness (ekskwizitnés). [f. as prec. 

+-NESS.] The quality of being exquisite. 

a. Elaborateness, high degree of finish, perfect- 
ness of detail; now usually, delicate perfection, 
refined and perfect beauty. +b. Scrupulous care ; 
nicety, fastidiousness. +e. Consummate skill. 
d. Of pleasure or pain: Refined degree, acuteness, 
intensity. e. Of the senses, taste, judgement, etc. : 
Delicate sensibility. 

a. 1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 18 The exquisite- 
nesse [of their Religion consisting most] in an infinity of in- 
tricate dumb Ceremonies. @ 1691 Boyte Fluidity & Firm- 
ness u. Wks. 1744 I. 258/1 It is. .difficult to procure. .either 
glasses or marbles so much as approaching such an ex- 
quisiteness. 1823 Lams Eéva Ser. 1. xxii. (1860) 172 The 
exquisiteness of the fun. 1884 Spectator 4 Oct. 1304/2 That 
dainty exquisiteness of utterance. 

b. ¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 78 The 
same exquisitenes in banquitinge did from thence discend 
unto our time. 1673 
nius describes .. Augustus his hereditary exquisiteness in 
that particular Lhe bg of language]. 1772 Burke Corr. 
(1844) I. 377 In publi 
exquisiteness of an over-attention to small parts. 

c. 1622 MArkHaM Bé&, Waru.v. 59 The [drummer's] ex- 
quisitenesse and skilfulnesse in his Art and Instrument. 

d. 1650 Futter Pisgah ut. xii. 345 The exquisiteness of 
his bodily temper, increasing the exquisiteness of his torment. 
1750 Carte /ist, Eng. V1. 775 This man unable to bear the 
exquisiteness of the pain, accused..Sir Gervase Clyfton. 
1832 in WessTeR; and in mod. Dicts. 

@. 1650 [see d]. 1664 Power Ex. Philos. 1. 26 Which will 
try the exquisiteness both of your Glass and Eye to behold. 
1748 Hartey Odserv. Man.1. ii. 115 The different Degrees 
of Exquisiteness in the Sense of Feeling. x Bewicx 
Quadrupeds (1807) 346 The Beagle. . follows by the exquisite- 
ness of its scent. | 

+ Exquisi‘tion, 0és. [ad. L. exguisition-em, 
n. of action f. exguirére: see EXQuIRE.] The ac- 
tion of searching out. Proper exquisition: self- 
seeking. 

c1430 tr. 7.d Kempis’ Wks. 108 Seldom is eny founde 
fre fro iy venym of propre exquisicion. — /#zét. 1. iii, 
labourip to be ydel in him from al maner exquisicion of 
propre witte. P p 

Exquisitism (ekskwiziti:z’m). [f. Exquisite 

sb. + -I8M.] The quality or character of an exquisite ; 
dandyism, foppishness. 
_ 1831 Lytton Godolphin viii, The .. prim, ap * 
indolence of .. national exquisitism. 1843 Fraser's Mag. 
XXVIII. 133 No well-trained husband will ever dare to 
ask a friend to..take pot-luck with him in these days of 
universal exquisitism, 

+ Exquisititious, ¢. Ods.—° [f. L. exgui- 
sit- ppl. stem of exguirére (see EXQUISITE) + 
-ITIOUS.] (See quot.) 

1727 Battey vol. II, Zxguisititions, not natural, but pro- 
cured by art. 1775 in Asn. 

+ Exqui‘sitive, a. Ods.—° [f.as prec. + -1VE.] 
Tending to search out; bent on searching out ; 
curious. oe 1838 in Topp. 

Exquisitively (ekskwi-zitivli), adv. rare. [f. 
prec. Proce = EXQuISITELY. 

1660 Boyie Seraph, Love xxiv. (1700) 145 How exqui- 
the several Parts of Scripture are fitted to the 
1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 
1836 E. Howarp 


sitively th 
several Times. .and Occurrences. 
iv, Leonardo. .cut exquisitively in wood. 


R. Reefer \xvi, The white, exquisitively-shaped..arm of 
the lady. 1878 Bayne Purit. Rev. iv. 103, She had an 


organisation exquisitively sensitive to beauty in iting. 

+ Exqui'sitiveness. vs. rare [£08 
prec. +-NESS.] = EXQUISITENESS. 

1761 Sterne 7%, Shandy IV. i. 75 If this i of 
Slawkenbergius’s tales, and. the exquisitiveness of his moral, 
should please the world. 

‘lity. Obs. rarve—'. [f. Exsan- 
GUINE +-ALITY.] Bloodlessness. 
1651 Biccs New Dis. P 192 Appear'd as a pale statue of 


exanguinality. 
inate (eks,sex'ngwineit), v. [f. L. 
Ag err ppl. stem of exsanguindare, f. ex- (see 
X- Dref.l) + sanguin-em, sanguis blood.) trans. 
oad 1 ele itp : 
1849 W. S. Mayo Kaloolah (1887) 37 He had been so 
nearly exsanguinated that his recovery was necessarily 


c life, it will be necessary to avoid the | 3 sufficient maintenance for these exanguious [Jrinted exau- 


! 


Marvett Xeh. Transp. 11. 370 Sueto- 


452 
slow. Kitro & Atexanver Cycd. Biblical Lit. 1. 31/2 
They Prose A exsanguinated. . 


be..duly : 
Hence Exsa Ll. 
1800 Med. Frni. IV. ES) d i d 
and Sutle, ita. Horus ts itvet Tandem I. 1m, 
161 Thee i animals. iam pa 


(eks, se'ngwin in), a. Also 7 exan-. 
f, Ex- pref. + L. sangette-s sanguis blood: cf. 


ANGUINE.] Bloodless, wanting blood ; anzemic. 
166r Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., E ine 
aquaticks. 


1805 W. Saunpers Min. Waters 301 
delicate exsanguine chlorotic habits. Topp Cyl, 
Anat. 1. 422/2 Those who have suffered losses 
blood remain <a for many months. 1876 Bristowe 
Th. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) 102 B! is admitted freely to 
the comparatively exsanguine parts. 

Jig. Warp Simp. Codler 88 Nothing but exsanguine 
fecbie exility of Spirit. a 18: 


nor profit. 1872 Dasent Three to One IL 
sanguine ghost of its former self. z 
eous (ekssengwi'nzas), a. Obs. 
exc. Hist. Also 7 exanguinious. [f. as prec. + 
-E0Us.] Bloodless. 
1664 Power Exp, Philos.1. 58 These puny automata, and 
exsanguineous pieces of Nature. 1672 Sir T. Browne 


Pseud. Ep. wm. xx, Those inferior and exsanguineous animals, 


7 Lams Let. to Barton (L.', | 
Such versicles exsanguine and pithless, yield neither pleasure _ 
- 259 A poor ex- | 


| bra) exculped out one ech side round. 1767 


1861 Hutme tr. Moguin-Tandon u. u. 53 The Ancients | 


divided animals into those with blood and..those without 
.. These latter. .were named. .exsanguineous. 

Exs inity (eks,sengwiniti). ([f. as prec. 
+-ITY. he state of being without blood or the 
proper amount of it; bloodlessness ; anzemia. 

1844 in Hostyn Dict. Med. Terms. 1884in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

E inous (eks,sengwines), a. Also 
7-8 exanguinous. [f. as prec. +-ous.] = next. 

1692-1732 CoLrs, Exanguinous, 1721-1800 Baitey, E-x- 
sanguinous. 1889 H. F. Woop Eng. Rue Cain vii. 104 
The exsanguinous visage of M. Renaud. 

Hence Exsa-nguinousness, the quality of being 
without blood. 

1727 in Bawey vol. II. 177§ in Asu. 

Exsanguious, -eous (eks,sx"ngwies), a. Also 
7-9 exan-. [f. L. exsangu-is bloodless (f. ex- out 
+ sanguts blood) + -I0us, -EoUS.] Bloodless. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. xxi. 162 The ayre was 


guious] parts. 1776 Costa Conchology 3 All shell animals 
are exanguious. 1841 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. i. 1 The 
lowest embracing animals which in his view were. .exsan- 
gueous or provided with a colourless fluid instead of blood. 

+ Exsa'nguous, a. O/s. In 7-8 exanguous. 
[f. L. exsangu-ts bloodless + -ovus.] = prec. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xvi. 560 Worms, as also 
Snails, Sows, and other exanguous Animals. 1721-1800 


BalLey, Exanguous. 
+ Exsa‘tiate, v. Ods. rare—'. [f. L. exsatiat- 


ppl. stem of exsatidre, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.!) + 
satidre to satisfy, SATIATE.] ¢vans. to satiate or 
satisfy thoroughly. 

1599 Sanvys Europe Spec. (1632) 159 Whose prides and 
pleasures, thirteene millions of yeerely revenew. .is not able 
to exsatiate. 

+ Exsa‘turate, v. Ols.—° In 7-8 exatu- 
rate. [f. L. exsaturat- ppl. stem of exsaturare, 
f, ex- (see Ex- pref.!) + saturare to fill: see Sa- 
TURATE.] ¢rans. To fill completely (with food) ; 
to satiate. Also fig. Hence + Exsatura‘tion. 

1623-6 in CockERAM. 
rate, to fill an hungry stomach, to satisfie a greedy mind. 
1721-1800 in Baitey. 1658-78 Puitiirs, Exaturation, a 
satiating. 1721-1800 BaiLey, Eraturation. 

Exschew, obs. form of EscuEew v. 

Exscind (eksi‘nd), v. Also 7,9 evron. excind. 
[f. L. exscind-cre, f. ex- out + scindtre to cut.] 
trans. To cut out, excise. “i. and fig. In early 
use: + To cut off, destroy (a nation, etc.). 

1662 Petty 7a-ves 21 Ifan aliquot part of every landlord's 
rent were excinded or yetrenched. 1785 D. Low Chirofodo- 
logia 133 He exscinded the remainder with a pair of scissors. 
1831 Press's Mag. 1V. 184 From whose is the said 
phrases were fraudulently exscinded. 1860 I. Taytor Spin. 
Hebrew Poetry (1873) 288 The Christian man will not at- 
tempt to exscind the irascible emotions, but he will strive 
to master them. 

Hence Exsci'nded ///. a. Exsci‘nding vd/. sé. 
and ffi. a. 

ay Barrow Sermt, (1686) 111. 405 The exscinding.. 
of the Amorites. a1711 Ken Hymns Evang, Poet. 

1721 I. 63 God with his exscinding Sword in Hand. 1877 


Sutetps Final Philos. 488 We are not now inquiring into 
the legiti . of any of the exscinded sciences. 1884 Syd. 
Soc. Lex., Exscinded, term applied to a part from the 


extremity of which an angular notch has been cut out. 
tion, var. of EXcREATION. 

+ Exscri‘be, v. Ods. Also 7 excribe. [ad. 

L. exscrib-tre, f. ex- out + scribéve to write.) trans. 
To ~~ 4 or write out; to transcribe. 
1607 ‘TorseL. Serpents (1653) 661 As Aelianus in his ninth 
Book and thirty nine Chapter, word for word hath exscribed 
out of Aristotle. re SSHER Ann. 351 ius caused 
it to be fairely exscribed. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 11. 
19 Clerks or Secretaries. .exscribing.. Particulars of or for 
it. 1727 in Bartey vol. II. 

Hence Exscri‘bed #//. a. = Escripep. + Ex- 
sori’ber, one who writes out, a copyist. + Bx- 
seri‘bing v/. si. 

a@ 1612 Donne BiaOavaros (1644) 20 A Councell in France 


EXSERTILE. 
hed with E ications Sealant ii 
or having that booke. @ 1631 — . (1651) 128 Some 
exscriber..reformed it deformly since his [St. Luke’s] 
writing. ee ae Canon 
net Sent --very imperfect, occasioned at first by 
Heed Exscribers. “1879 Satmon Conic Sect. 127 The 


equation of one of the exscribed circles. 

Exscript. Ods. [ad. L. exscript-um, neut. 
pa. pple. of exscribére ; see prec.] A copy, written 
extract. 

1609 Davies Holy Rood (Grosart 1876) 13 Ah, 

‘Thy dread exuperance To write th’ excript 
in humble hearts. Cary Chronology u. 1. 1. i. go The 
Variety of i Bi need 1775 in Asx. 

+ “ption. Obs. rare—'. [f. as if ad. L. 
*exscription-em, n. of action f. exscribére: see Ex- 
SCRIBE.] The action of transcribing; in quot. 
concr. = prec. 

1637 Asp. Wittiams Holy Table 211 The 
abused by some wag that fits him with these ‘ions. 

+Exscu'lp, v. Ods. rave. Also 6, 8 exculp. 
[ad. L. exsculp-cre to dig or cut out, f. ex- out + 
sculpére to cut, carve: see ScuLpTor.] ¢vans. To 
cut out, hollow out by cutting. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man. 20 In all others [of the Verte- 

Invent. Sepulchr. A Oa one eee potctne 
serT /nvent. r. . 21 
word which we cannot dre gtd me prs 


+ Exscu'lption. Ods.rare—'. [ad. L. exsculp- 
tion-em, n. of action f. exsculpére: see prec.] A 
carving or chiselling out. 

1 ARSON Creed (1839) 315 That excavation was per- 


formed, by incision or exsculption. 
(eks,skid'téleit), a. Znt. [f. 
Ex- 2 (4) + ScuTELLUM +-aTE*%.] Without, or ap- 


ight it 


man is 


| parently without, a scutellum: said of certain in- 


sects. 
1848 in Maunver 7'eas. Nat. Hist. Gloss. App. 


Exsect (eksekt), v. Also 7 exect. [f L. 


| exsect- ppl. stem of exsecare, f. ex- out + secare to 


1656-81 Biount Glossogr., Exatu- | 


cut.] ¢vans. To cut out. Also fig. 

1641 J. Jounson Acad. Love 96 Our courtly Dames study 
onely to exect or cut off their thread bare curtesans. 
G. Harvey Mord. Angl. vii. (ed. 2) 18 Were it not for the 
effusion of blood .. which would necessarily follow an ex- 
ection, the Liver might. .be exected. 7h, - S. Le Dran's 
Observ. Surg. (1771) 51 Part of which [Tumour] had been 
exsected. 1800 % Darwin Phytologia xv. Fs 43° Exsect 
the exuberant growth. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIII. 691 The 
ham, exsected from Westphalian hog. 

Hence Exse-cted f//. a. 

1667 Boyte in Phil. Trans. 11. 595, 1 caused the. .exsected 
piece to be put into a.. Receiver. 1880 Biackte in Con- 


t . Rev. Th sected books of the Iliad. 
‘Hixsoctile (cherktil, oll). {0 L. cond pel. 


stem of exsecare (see prec.) + -ILE.] Capable of 
being cut out. 

1861 Hutme tr. Moguin- Tandon u. m1. ii. 88 The [Coral] 
polyps .. consist of a globular portion which is fixed, and of 
a free exsectile cylindrical ion terminated by a mouth. 

ection (ekse’kfan). Chiefly Suxg. Also 
8 exection. fad. L. exsectidn-em, n. of action f. 
exsecare; see Exsxct.] The action of cutting out 
or away; an instance of this. 

1607 Schol. Disc. t, Antichr. 1. iv. 174 Instrumentes of 
exsection. 1609 C. Burter Fem. Bom: (3654) 255 Exsection 
..is the cutting out of part of the Com 1671 Boyie 
Usefulness Nat. Philos. (1772) 1. v. xii, The exsection of 
the spleen. 1794 E. Darwin Zoon. 1. 151 The heart of a 
viper or frog will renew its contractions. .for many minutes 

time after its exsection from the body. 1889 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Exsection, a cutting out. 
b. concr. A ‘cutting’. f 

1812 Coterince in Southey Omniana I. 316 An exsection, 
from Kingston Mercantile Advertiser. 

Exsene : see EYE-SENE. 

+Exsensed, ff/. a. Obs. rare—*. [f. Ex-+ 
SeNsE+-ED1.] Out of his senses. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes m1. ii, 74 Exsensed..and only a 


eanene (eks,s5*at), 2. ad. L. rt 
e r L & . Li exsert-us, 
pa. P le. of exsertve aan = EXsERTED. 

X 


ANA coh vii. (1848) 115 Lamelle even and not 
exsert. 1856-8 W. Ciark Van 


Hoeven's Zool. 1. 231 
Senuris Hoffmeister. Upper lip exsert, spoon-shay 
(eks,sd:t), v. [f. L. exsert-: see the 
variant Exert.] ‘rans. + @. = Exert v. 2. b. 
(chiefly Bio/.) To thrust forth or out, protrude. 
1665 Pat Trans. 1, 111. Their Poyson its 
Teoh the a after some time. 
. is exserted through 
booe in Lifes Lett, (1887) I. p Whilst examining 


len: dam Sa’ 
Serbed (cks,s! Biol. [prec 


Ww 
(eks,sd‘atéd), AAp/. a. 
+-ED}, geen or out; — pn 
a sh projecting beyond sur- 
Exserted sting, etc.: one that 
cannot be drawn within the wre <a 
1816 Kinny & Sp. Entomol. (1843) 1. 95, 0 a con- 


cealed sting and .. another. .with a very one, 
1826 ‘Tbid. (1828) iV, xliv. 223 One of those Tcnansacal that 
have an exserted ovipositor. 1830 Linptey Vat. Syst. Bot. 


67 long, 

Exsertile (eks)s5‘1til), a. Biol. [a. F. exser- 
tile, f. L. type *exsertilis, f. exserdre : see EXSERT 
and -1LE.) Capable of hain exserted. — i 

1828 Stark Elem, Nat. Hist. 11. 340 Ovipositor articu- 


EXSERTION. 


lated, interior, exsertile, and terminated in a sharp point. 
1839 Topp Cycé. Axat. I. 990/1_In some instances we find 
long, exsertile .. organs. 1869 GittmorE Reptiles § Birds 
iii. 99 The tongue is elongate, forked, and exsertile. 

Exsertion (ekssd‘afon). [as if ad. L. *exser- 
tion-em, n. of action f. exserére to Exsert. Cf. 
Exertioy.] The action of exserting or protrud- 
ing; the state or fact of being exserted. 

i‘bilate, v. rare. In 7 exib-, pa. pple. 
exsibilat. [f. L. exszbc/at- ppl. stem of exsidilare, 
f. ex- out + stbzlare to hiss: see SIBILANT.] rans. 
To hiss off the stage. 

1601 Br. Bartow Defence 6 Cardinal Allen hath long since 
exibilated this rash illation. 1637 Gittesrie Eng. Pop. 
Cerem. m1. iv. 58 He is to be ignominiously exsibilat. 1721 
1800 in Battey. | ee 

Exsibilation (eks)sibilzi-fon). rare. [n. of ac- 
tion f. L. exsibilare : see prec.] The action of hissing 
off the stage; ignominious rejection. Also fig. 

1640 Br. Harr Efise. u. xix, So many ages of exsibilation. 
1777, in Battey vol. II. 1842 De Quincey Pagan Orac. Wks. 

ILI. 184 xote, The brief exsibilation from the stage by the 
stern Roman of all Greek testimony. 

Exsiccant (eksikint), a. and sd. ? Oés. [ad. 
L. exstccant-em, pr. pple. of exstccare: see EXsic- 
CATE v.] 

A. adj. Drying, having the power or quality of 
drying up. 

1657 Rumsey Org. Salutis Ep. Ded. (1659) 18 The exsic- 
cant quality it hath to dry up the crudities of the stomach. 
1676 WiseMAN Chirurg. Treat. v1. v. 422 Some dry or ex- 
siccant Medicine. 3755 in JoHNsoN. 1832 in WessTER. 

B. sé. An exsiccant drug or medicine. 

1676 Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. wv. iv. 296, I caused his 
knee to be fomented with Discutients and Exsiccants. 

+ Exsiccate, //. a. Os. Also 6 exiccat, 
7 exc-, exsiccat, 8 exiccate. [ad. L. exstccat- pa. 
pple. of exsiccdre: see next.] Dried, dried up. 

1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde 61 So that the preuy 
passage be left exiccat and Drye. 1613 ‘IT’. Gopwin Row. 
Antig. (1658) 53 They were not ulcerous, exsiccate or im- 

stumated. 1663 J. Srencer Prodigies (1665) 42 The 

ated and exsiccate Air. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide(MS.)u. 
747 O let me. .think The fountains of thy eyes are exiccate. 

Jig. 1622 J. Apernetuy Chr. Treat. Phys. Soul vi. 81 So 
in the spirituall hardnesse, the liquor of grace, of light, and 
of reason is exciccat. 

Exsiccate (eksikeit, eksi‘keit), v. Also 6 
exc-, exiccate, 7-8 exiccate. [f. ppl. stem of L. 
ex(s)iccare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) + stccus dry.] 

1. trans. To dry, make dry, absorb or remove 
all moisture from ; to drain (a spring) dry; to dry 
up (moisture). 

1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde 56 Let her auoyde such 
thynges the which shold exiccat..her. 1563 T. GALE Anéi- 
dot, 1, 11 Bdge vnguentes are excellent in exciccating 
ericipelas. 1677 Hate Print, Orig. Man. u. vi. 171 Bodies 
..that have been exsiccated into Mummy. 1679 PLor 
Staffordsh. (1686) 87 The Spring near the Church .. has 
been sometimes exsiccated. 1707 J. Mortimer //usé, vu. i. 
(1708) 228 Heats and Droughts .. exsiccate and waste the 
moisture and vegetative Nature ofthe Earth. 1809 PEARSON 
in Phil. Trans. XCIX. 327 This dissolution being exsiccated 
grew liquid on exposure to air. 

absol. 1612 Woopat Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 67 Cortex 
Guaiaci hath the same vertue..but exsiccateth much more. 
— FeLtHaM Resolves 209 Ayre exsiccates & drawes 
to itse! 


2. intr. for reff. To dry up, lose all moisture. 

1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 11. xii. 32 "Tis a question worth 
while, adds he, how they can exsiccate. 

Hence Exsiccated f//. a., Exsiccating vd/. sd. 
and Api. a. 

1620 VENNER Via Recta vi. 106 They are of a more exiccat- 
ing nature. Str T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. iii. 68 The 
exsiccated powder..ascends not unto the Loadstone. 1669 
Worwince Syst. Agric. (1681) 3 By the heat of the Sun, or 
exsiccating power of the Air. 1799 G. Smitn Lador. I. 427 
Throw common exsiccated salt in it. 1872 O. W. Hotmes 
Poet Breakf.-t. ix, That exsiccated..organism. ; 

Exsiccation (eksiké-fon). Forms: 6 exsic- 
eatione, 7 exiccation, exsiccasion, 7- exsic- 
cation. [ad. L. exsiccation-em, n. of action f. 
exsiccare: see Exs1ccaTE v. Cf. Fr. exsiccation.] 
The action of drying what is moist; complete 
removal or absorption of moisture; thoroughly 
dried condition, absolute dryness. 

1599 A. M. tr. Gadelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 10/2 Exsicca- 
tione of the Rheumes. 1614 SyLvestER Tobacco Battered 
478 Som also think it causeth exsiccation (As of the Bloud) 
of Seed of generation. 1620 Venner Via Recta ii. 23 Let 
wine be moderately vsed, that neither. .exiccation, or drunk- 
ennesse follow. 1677 Por Ox/fordsh. ps For exsiccation of 
wounds, 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 467 Neither is an 

bsolute degree o' iccation in any wise necessary. 1826 
Blackw. Mag. XX. 324 The exsiccation of the pond in St. 
James’s Park. 1832 Lyett Princ. Geol. 11. 202 The aérial 
current. .arrives in a state of complete exsiccation at Peru. 

Exsiccative (e‘ksikeitiv, eks)sikativ), a. and 
sh. Forms: § exsiccatif, 6-7 exiccative, - 
excicatiue), 7-8 exs-(exss-)iccative. [ad.med.L. 
exstccativus, f. L. exsiccare: see Exsiccate. Cf. 
Fr. exsiccatif (Cotgr.).] 

A. adj, Tending to make dry or to produce 
dryness, having the power or quality of drying up. 
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg.(MS. B.)87 A medycine mundy- 
ficatyff & exsiccatif, 1563 T. Gate Anftidot. u. 55 Vertue, 
alteratiue, resoluative, and excicatiue, 


1657 ‘TOMLINSON | 


453 


Renou's Disp. 378* Zopissa ..is more efficaciously exsic- 
cative. 1755 in Waltons 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 
B. sb. An exsiccative medicine or substance. 

1562 Butteyn Dial. Soarnes & Chir. 28a, I will giue you 
the difference of exiccatiues, or drying Simples. 1675 EveLyN 
Terra (1729) 24 If too moist, apply Exssiccatives. 1765 
Univ. Mag. XXxvil, 355/2 Incrustatives and exsiccatives, 
as myrrh, aloes. 

Exsiccator (e‘ksikeitoz). [agent-n. f. L. ex- 
Sstccdre: see ExsiccatE.] (See quots.) 


called an Exsiccator. 1882 — Dict. Chem., Exsiccator, a 
drying apparatus, consisting of an enclosed space containing 
gubstances which rapidl 

vitriol, dry chloride of calcium, etc. 

+ Exsi-cce, v. Obs. rare—'. 
= EXsIccaTE. 

1657 TomLinson Renon's Disp. 264 The juice. .is exsicced, 
formed into lumps, and preserved. 

Exsolution : see Exoiution, 

Exspect, obs. form of Expect. 

Exspiration, obs. form of Expiration. 

+ Exspoi'l, v. Obs. rare—}. In 6 expoyl. [ad. 
L. exspoliare (see next) after Spo v.] trans. To 
despoil. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 208 b, Spoylynge hym 
of his pray. .expoylyng the princes and potestates of hell. 

+ Exspolia‘tion. Os. In 7 expoliation. 
[ad. L. ex(s\poldation-em, n. of action f. ex(s)po- 
fare to spoil, f. ex- (see Ex- pref1) + spoliare to 
strip, f. spolium spoil.] The action of spoiling ; 
the stripping (a person) of his clothes or of his 
spoil ; a stripping off or removal. 

r61z-15 Br. Hart Contempl. N. 7. ww. xxxii, A cruel 
expoliation begins that violence..merciless soldiers. .strip 
thee naked. 1651 Biccs New Disf. P 205 A subitaneous 
expoliation of the powers. 1678 R. R[{ussett] Geber 1. ii. 
6 The Expoliation of Accidents. 

+ Exspuate, @. Ods. rare—!. In7 exp-. [f. L. 
exspu-ére to spit out +-ATE?.] Spit out, ejected. 

1604 CHAPMAN Byron’s Conspir. u. Plays 1873 I]. 204 A 
poor and expuate humour of the Court. 

Exspuition (ekspizi‘fan). Also 7-9 expui- 
tion. [ad. L. exspuztion-em, n. of action f. ex- 
spuére, f. ex- out + spucre to spit. Cf. F. exsput- 
tion.) The action of spitting out from the mouth. 
Const. of. Also ¢ransf. and concr. 

1650 BuLWwerR Axthropomet. 122 Whose office was .. the 
potation of the same aliment, expuition, and locution. 1759 
Darwin in P&il. Trans. LI. 527 That these haemorrhages 
were from the pulmonary artery .. appears from the sudden 
exspuition. 1852-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. IV. 1147/2 A sort of 
expuition. a 

+ Exsputa‘tion. Ods.xave-!. In 7 exputa- 
tion. [f. L. ex(s)pzit- ppl. stem of ex(s\pucre (see 
prec.) + -ATION.] The action of spitting out. 

1657 Tomiinson Kenon’s Disp. 710 It cures..the exputa- 
tion of virulent humours through the mouth. 

+ Exspu'te, v. Ods. rarve—'. In 8 expute. 
[f. L. exspiit- ppl. stem of exspucre: see EXsPu- 
ITI10N.] ¢vans. To spit out. 

1704 F. Futter Med. Gymn. (1705) 198, I spit Blood, and 
exputed a viscous tough Matter. 

Exsputory (ekspi/tari), a vare—'. [f. L. 
exspit- (see prec.) + -oRY.] “i, and fig. That is 
spit out or ejected. 

1784 Cowrer Let. to Unwin 20 Nov., I cannot immedi- 
ately recollect theexsputory lines. 

+ Exsquamate, v. Obs. rare—!, In 7-8 ex- 
squammate. [f. Ex- prefl + L. sgudm-a scale 
+-ATE3,] duty. Of a bone, etc.: To scale off or 
come off in scales; to desquamate, exfoliate. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xi. 394 Bones must ex- 
sr a and be taken out, when they are corrupt. 

xstancy, var. of Extancy, Obs. 

Exstant, obs. form of Exrant. 

Exstatic, -al, obs. ff. Ecsraric, -Au. 

Exsteme, obs. form of EsTrEM. 

1507 May §& Fune 201 in Hazl. £. P. P. II. 128, I exsteme 
verely Euery man of them was the more redy. 

+ Exstercorate, v. Obs. rare—', In 7-8 ex- 
tercorate. [f. ppl. stem of late L. exstercorare, 
f, ex- out + stercor-, stercus dung.] 

a. trans. To eject as dung. b. zxtr. To carry 
out dung. Hence Exstercora‘tion. 

1609 Davies te Rood (Grosart 1876) 20 Shall euer Flesh 
xtercorate her filth Thee to annoy? 1656-8 BrLount 
Glossogr., Extercorate, to carry forth dung. 1692-1732 
Cotes, ELxstercorate, 1727 Battey vol. Il, Extercoration. 

+ Exsti'll, v. Os. In 7-9 extill. [ad. L. ex- 
still-are, f. ex- out + stillare to drop, f. sté//a a drop.] 
a. intr. To drop or trickle out ; to come out in 
drops. b. ¢vans. To send out in drops; to exude. 

165r Cuarteton Lphes. & Cimm. Matrons (1668) 30 
Sweat, extilling from the pores of her snow-white skin. 
1657 ‘Tomtinson Renou’s Disp. 9" That which extills first, 
is more fluid and humid. 1664 Evetyn Sy@va (1776) 233 Out 
of this aperture will extill a limpid and clear water. 1804 
Med. Frnt. X11. 40 A yellowish. juice extilled. 18x9 H. 
Busk Vestr, w. 145 Myrtle and balsam rich extilling gum. 

+ Exstilla‘tion. Os. Also 7 extillation. 
[n. of action f. L. exstillare: see prec.] The ac- 
tion of dropping out or falling down in drops. 

1605 Timmer Quersit. 1. xiii. 57 Sundry cohobations and ex- 
tations, 1713 Dernam Phys. Theol, m.i. 64 They seemed 


[ad. L. exsicc-are.] 


1873 Warts Fownes’ Chem. 47 Such an apparatus. .is 


absorb moisture, such as oil of | 


EXSUCCOUS. 


..to be made by an..Exstillation of some petrifying juices 
out of the rocky Earth. 

+ Exstillati‘tious, a. Obs. rare-'. [f. L. 
exstillat- ppl. stem of exstillare (see EXSTILL) + 
-Irrous.] That drops or trickles out. 
ie Tomuinson Reno's Disp. 680 Extillatitious liquor. 
+ Exsti-mulate, v. O’s. Also 7 extimu- 
late. [f. L. exstimulat- ppl. stem of exstimu- 
tare, f. ex- + stimulare: see SviIMULATE.] ¢rans. 
To stimulate to activity (organs or faculties) ; to 
provoke (appetites or desires) ; to spur on, incite 
(persons). Const. éo. 

1603 Sir C. Heypon Yud. Astrol. xx. 425 The Sunne.. 
extimulateth all creatures to the acte of propagation. 1672 
H. Stuspe Fustif. Dutch War 33 The King..extimulated 
by Ambition. 1683 A. Snare Anat. Horse 1. xv. (1686) 32 
It serves. .to exstimulate the Guts. 

absol. 1646 Sik T. Browne Psend. Ef. vu. vii. 353 Opium 
-. is conceived to extimulate unto venery. 

+ Exstimula‘tion. O%s. Also 7 extim-. [n. 
of action f. exstdmuldre (see prec. and -ATION).] 
Stimulation, incitement ; stimulating property. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 842 The Aire..maketh Ma insipid, 
and without any Extimulation, 1654 H. L’Estrancr 
Chas. I, (1655) 118 To allay the boiling extimulations of their 
own, rarely of others lusts. 1657 REEVE God’s Plea 229 Re- 
pentance doth exhibit. .all the. .instigations, extimulations, 
that should make God propense to favour. 1721-1800 in 
Batley. < 

+ Exstimulatory, ¢. Os. rave—'. In 7 
extimulatory. [f. L. exstimuldt- ppl. stem of 
exstimulive (see EXSTIMULATE) + -oRY.]  Tend- 
ing to stimulate ; of stimulating nature. 

1657 REEVE God's Plea 120 God’s messages. .are not. .ex- 
timulatory, instigatory, and impulsory. we 

Exstipulate (cksstipi/lét), a. Bot. [f. Ex- 
Prof +L. stepul-a stalk (see STIPULE) + -ATE?.] 
Having no stipules. 

(1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Exstipulatus.) 1830 Linpivy 
Nat. Syst, Bot. 53 Shrubs with alternate. .exstipulate leaves. 
1870 Bentiey Zot. 128 When the stipules are absent, it is 
exstipulate, 

Exstirpation, obs. form of ExrirPation. 

Exstraught, var. of ExrrRavcur, Obs. 

Exstrophy (ekstrifi). ath. Also extrophy. 
[mod. ad. assumed Gr. *éxorpodia, f. é-, é- out 
(see Ex- pref.) + orpop- ablaut-form of the root of 
oTpep-ew to turn, Cf. Fr. exstrophie. The proper 
spelling according to the analogy of Gr. derivatives 
would be ecstrophy.] A turning inside out of a 
part ; esf. a congenital malformation in which the 
bladder appears to be turned inside out. 

1836 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 391/1 Extrophy of the bladder. 
1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 642 A case of exstrophy of 
the bladder. 

+ Exstruct, v. Os. Also 7-8 extruct. [f. L. 
ex(s\truct- ppl. stem of ex(s)trucre, f. ex- + strucre 
to pile up, build.) ¢vans. To build or pile up. 

c 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 122 In the 
abbey of Glastonburie was exstructed for Arthur a magnifi- 
cent sepulchre. 1657 Tomtinson Renou’s Disp. 216 It is 
expedient that we extruct a Shop for the student in the 
Pharmaceutical Art. 1755 in JouNson. 

Hence + Exstru-cted A/. a. 

1647 H. More Poems 161 Those fair extructed loads Of 
carved stone. ax Byrom Remarks Horace u. ut. xvii, 
These high extructed spires. 

+Exstru‘ction. Os. In 7 extruction. 
[ad. L. ex(s)truction-em, n. of action f. ex(s)trucre : 
see prec.] The action of building up. 

1652 GauLe Magastrom. xxvi, The order of extruction. 
1663 CHARLETON Chor. Gigant. 57 The honour of it’s Ex- 
truction, 1665 J. Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 228 We meet .. 
not so much as with the least pieces of broken Crags, of the 
Extruction of the Danes. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

+ Exstru‘ctive, «. Os. rare—}. In 6 ex- 
tructive. [f. L. ex(s)truct- ppl. stem of ex(s truce 
(see Exsrrucr) +-1vE.] Tending to build up. 

1580 FuLKE Answ. Frarine’s Declar. 41 Papistry is both 
affirmative and extructive of al wickednes. 1818 in Topp. 
1832 in WEBSTER. 

+ Exstru‘ctor. Ods.-° In 8 extructor. [a. 
L. ex(s)tructor, agent-n. f. ex(s)truére: see EXx- 
stRucT.] One who builds up, a builder. 

1727 in Baiey vol. II. 1775 in Asu. 

*Exsuccate, vw. Obs. rare—1. [f. L. exsuc- 
cat- ppl. stem of exsuccdre (ex(s)iicére) to deprive 
of juice, f. exsuccus: see Exsuccous.] trans. To 
deprive of juice ; to suck dry. 

1657 REEVE God's Plea 207 Your distemper, your exsiccat- 
ing, and your exsuccating yourselves. 

+ Exsuccartion. Os. rare—*. [n. of action 
f. L. exsuccare: see prec.] The action of driving 
off juice. 

1697 Phil. Trans. XIX. 416 The Cassava Root..by Ex- 
succation and Baking alone, proves.. wholesome. 

Exsuccous (eks)szkas), a. Also in 7 exuc- 
cous. [f. L. exsucc-us without juice, f. ex- (see Ex- 
pref.) + succus (siicus) juice + -ous.] Without 
Juice, sapless. Also fig. 

1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud, Ep, 11. vi. 99 That which is 
brought exuccous and dry unto us. 1672 — Lett. Friend 
xv, (1881) 138 Most Men expected to find a consumed Kell 
-.in this exuccous corps. 1818 QO. Rev, XVIII. 235 A 
hard, dry, ‘exsuccous’ style of writing. 1821 Blackw. 


EXSUCTION. 


Mag. X. 561 The clouds hung like exsuccous sponges in 
the sky. . 


Exsuction (ecksx"kfon), Also 7 exuction. 
[n. of action f. L. exsiigére, f. ex- out + siigere to 
suck. Cf. Suction.] The action of sucking out, 
esp. the drawing out (air) by an air-pump. 

1660 Bovis New Exp. Phys, Mech. Proem 5 The exsuc- 
tion of Air. 1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. 8 footn., In the Air- 
pump .. [some] Animals .. die in less than half a Minute, 
counting from the very first Exsuction. 1832 in WeBsTrR; 
and in mod. Dicts. 

Exsudate, obs. form of ExuDATE. 

Exsufilate, v. Ods.exc. Hist. [f.L. exsufflat- 
ppl. stem of exsufflare, f. ex- out + sufflare to blow 
up, f. sud- up + flare to blow.] trans. To blow 
out, blow away, also sfec.: see EXSUFFLATION 2. 

1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angi. iv. 44 Volatil salts .. being 
exufflated to the heart produce syncopees. 1 E. B. 
Tytor in Science 1V. 547 The exorcising such a demon is 
practised by white men as a religious rite, even including 
the act of exsufflating it, or blowing it away. 

+ Exsuffla'tion. Ods.exc. Hist. [ad. mod.L. 
exsufflation-em, n. of action f. exsufflare: see prec. 
Cf. Fr. exsufflation.] ; 

1. The action of blowing out; an instance of it. 

1620 VENNER Via Recta (1650) 310 Let not with lesse dili- 
gence the superfluities of the nose by exsufflation. ax 
Bacon Physiol. Rem. Wks. 1727 VII. 209 It will fly up- 
wards over the helm, by a kind of exsufflation, without 
vapouring. 1689 G. Harvey Curing Dis. by Expect. xvi. 
124 Such offensive Ebullitions and Exufflations. 1775 in Asx. 

b. concr. That which is snuffled up. 

1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angl. iv. 45 Those .. exufflations 
crowding into the sphere of the cranium do create most 
dreadful Head-akes. — 

2. Lccl. The action of blowing, performed by the 
priest upon a child or grown person at baptism, by 
way of exorcising the devil, or by the person bap- 
tized in token of renouncing the devil. 

1goz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iii. 17 By y® 
exsuflacyon yt the preest doth upon y* chylde. 1584 R 
Scor Discov. Witcher. xv. xxiv. 371 The right order of ex- 
orcisme..requireth that exsufflation..be doone toward the 
west. 1709 J. Jonnson Clergym. Vade M.u. 267 The ex- 
orcisms and exsufflations made by the priest on persons to 
be baptized. 1858 Sat. Nev. 31 July 103 The old Mumbo 
Jumbo of ‘unchristianizing the i, Sel must not be 
consigned to the eternal limbo. .without a parting exsuffla- 
tion. 

+ Exsu‘ffle, v. Obs. 
EXSUFFLATE.] ¢vans. To breathe upon (see prec. 2). 

1610 Hoitanp tr. Camden's Brit. 1, 768 They..were.. 
exorcised, and exsuffled with sundry ceremonies. 

+ Exsu‘filicate, 2. Ods. rare—'. In 7 exuf- 
flicate. [app. an arbitrary formation on Exsur- 
FLATE. Hanmer 1744 proposed to read exsuffolate, 
from It. suffolare ‘to whistle, to bizze, to whizze’ 

Florio) ; this was adopted by some later editors.] 
? Puffed up, inflated, ‘ windy’. 

1604 Suaks. O¢A, m1. iii, 182 Such exsufflicate, and blow’d 
Surmises. 

+ Exsu'ffolate, a. Obs. (See prec.) 

1744 Hanmer Shaks. Othello 1. iii. [see EXSUFFLICATE]. 
1773 J. Ross Fratricide(MS.) 1. 301 Solacing his Joy... with 
proud speech exsuffolate and fell. 

+ Exsu'perable, z. O/s.-° Also exuper- 
able. fad. L. ex(s)uperabilis, f. ex(s)uperdre: see 
EXsuPERATE and -ABLE.] That may be surpassed, 
excelled, or conquered. 

1656-81 in Biount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Baicey, 

Hence + Exsu'perableness. 

1727 Battey vol. II, Exuperadleness. 

+ Exsu‘perance. 0/s. Also 7-8 exuperance. 
[a. F. exsuperance (Montaigne), ad. L. ex(s)upe- 
vantia, n. of state f. ex(s)uperant-em, pr. pple. of 
ex(s)uperdare: see EXSUPERATE.] The condition or 
fact of exceeding ; superabundance, excess, 

1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor, 1256 The excesse of Nete 
and Mese by arithmeticall cer sheweth the exuper- 
ances in equall partie. 3607 ‘opseLt Four-/. Beasts 428 
Until the like exsuperance of bloud come unto the same place 
again. 1 Dicsy Nat. Bodies x. § 8. 83 The exuperance 
of the density of A to water is ro degrees. 1682 Sir T. 
Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 85 Nor will his attributes admit 
of expressions above their own exuperances, 

+b. Asa title of honour. Ods. 

1609 [see Exscrirt]. 

e. concr, That which is in excess; that which 
towers above other things. Const. of 

1635 Heywoop Hierarch. u. Comm. 86 Simplicitie is sole 
.-Prince and Ex-Superance of all things that have being. 


+ Exsuperancy. 0s. In7exup-, [ad. L. 


an er onere a8 pes. and -aNncy.] = prec. 
1 wins New World 1. (1684) 117 The Exuperancy 
of the Light in the other 1647 M. Hupson Div. 


Right Govt. 1. iv. 19 That over-plus and exuperancie of 


Manna. 

+Exsu t, a. Obs. In 7-8 exuperant. 
[ad. L. ex(s)uperant-em, pr. pple. of exsuperare : 
see next.] Excessive, superabundant. 

1604 T. Wricur Passions v. 285 Exuperant ill wil. 1610 
Barroucn Meth, Physick vu. (1639) 455 The great exuperant 
heat. 1727-31 Barvey vol. II, Doterent, 


+ Exsu'perate, v. Os. Also 8 exuperate. 
[f. L. ex(s)uperat- ppl. stem of ex(s)uperdre, f. ex- 
+ superire to rise above, f, super above.] 


[ad. L. exsufflare: see’ 


454 


1. trans. To avery surpass, excel ; to overcome. 
339 W. E[tverton] Paxgs of Love (Percy Soc.) 1, 28 
lady, let no wilfulnesse Exuperate your bewtie, then, 
To slaye the hertes, that and crave. 1568 C. Watson 
Polyb. 56 Yet hath she [Fortune] wrought nothing which 
exsuperateth .. these in our dayes. 1610 Barrovcn Aeth, 
Physick w. v. (1639) 228 It —¥) exuperate and overcome the 
rottennesse. 2708 Mortevux Kadelais (1737) V. 230 Nectar 
- ,exuperates all your Wines, 1721-1800 in Baltey. 
2. intr. (See quot.) 


1623 Cockeram 11, To abound, exuferate. ; 

Hf Exsupera‘tion. Obs. rare—*. In 7-8 exu- 
peration. [ad. L. ex(s\uperation-em, n. of action 
f. ex(s)uperare: see prec.) The action of surpass- 
ing or exceeding (due limits) ; exaggeration. 

1623 in CockeraM. 1657 J. Smitu Myst. Rhet. Aiij b, 
Hyperbole, Exuperation. 1721-1800 in Battery. 

Uxwasee (eks\s"1dz). Also 6 exurge. [ad. 
L. ex(s\urg-tre, f£. ex- + surgtre (surrigtre) to 
rise.] zur. To rise up, start out. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 25 A _certaine roughnes, 
whence springeth and exurgeth a valiaunt long Muscle. 
1868 Wuitman Chants Democratic Poems 109 All doctrines 
..exsurge from you. 

+Exsu‘rgence. 0ts.—° In 7 exurg-. [f. L. 
ex(s\urgentem :; see next and -ENCE.) The action 
of rising or coming into view. 

a@ 1691 Baxter cited by Worcester 1846, Exurgence, 

Exsurgent (cks,s1dzént),@. In 7 exurgent. 
[ad. L. ex(s)urgent-em, pr. pple. of ex(s)urgére : 
see ExsurGE.] ta. Arising,emerging. b. Rising 
up above the rest. 

@. 1619 Favour Antiguit. Triumphing 536 Determining 
exurgent controuersies in a Synod. 

b. 1846 Dana Zoofh. (1848) 404 The centre of the cells 
exsurgent. . 

+ Exsu'scitate, v. Os. rare—'. In 6-8 
exuscitate. [f. L. ex(s\uscitat- ppl. stem of ex- 
(s)uscitare, f. ex- + suscitare to raise, rouse, awaken.] 
trans. To rouse up, awaken. 

1574 Newton Health Mag. 65 Slepe after meate. .is thought 
..to stir up and exuscitate the powers. 1623 CocKERAM, 
Exuscitate, to wake up out of sleep. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

+Exsu:scita‘tion. Os. rare—'. Also 8 
exus-. [ad. L. ex(s)uscitation-em, n. of action f. 
ex(s)uscitare: see prec.] The action of rousing up. 

1692 H. Hariywet Fxcell. Mor. Virtue 54 Virtue is..an 
exsuscitation and raising up of .. Intellectual Principles. 
1721-1800 in Battey. ; 

|| Exxta (e‘ksta). [L. ex¢a in same sense.] See 
quot. 1884; sfec. (Antig.) the entrails of a victim 
from which auguries were taken by soothsayers. 

1663 J. Spencer Prophecies (1665) 23 Diviners by the 
Smoke, the Exta, the Incense on the Altar. 1730-6 in 

SALE (folio). 1855 SmepLey Occult Sciences 152 None of 
the ‘exta’, however favourable they might have been, were 
of the slightest avail. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Exta, the vis- 
cera of the chest, originally. Also, occasionally used for the 
abdominal viscera, especially the bowels. 

+ Extable. = Acceptable (Hal.). (?) 

1545 Liste fo fen. 1/11 in St. Papers (1830) 1, 815 Suche 
news. .as shalbe extable unto the same. 

Extacie, -cy, obs. ff. Ecsrasy. 

+ Extaint, v. Ols. rare—'. [f. OF. extaint, 
pa. pple. of ex-, estaindre (Fr. éteindre):—L. 
exstingucre: see EXTINGUISH.) (trans, To ex- 
tinguish. 

c 1400 Destr. Troy xi. 4927 Pes, pat we proffer our pouer 
to extaint. 

+ Evxtance. Ods.rare—'. [ad. L. ex(s\tantia, 
n, of state f. ex(s)tant-em, pr. pple. of ex(s)tare : 
see act of | Emergence. 

1682 Sir 'T. Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 127 He .. who hath 


in his intellect the ideal existences of things, and entities 
before their extances. 


+Evxtancy. Oés. [f. as prec.: see -ancy.] 
The fact, quality, or state of standing out or being 
protuberant ; also concr. a protuberance. 


me Dicsy Nat. Bodies xxv. (1658) 284 When water falleth 
out of the skie, it hath all the little corners or extancies of its 


body grated off by the air. 1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. (1769) 


107 One may express to the eye .. the relievo or extancie 

objects. 1667 Bovte Orig. Formes & Qual. 36 The little 
Exstancies by their Figure resisted a little the Motion of our 
poe 1689 Evetyn Let. 12 Aug. in Aen, (1889) II. 
441 The filing, sharpnes, and due per so = fa extanic], 
varnish, & other markes necessary to be critically skill’d in, 

Extant (e*kstent, ekstent), a. and sd, Forms: 
6 extaunt, (7 extent), 7-8 exstant, 5- extant. 
er L. ex(s)tant-em, pr. pple. of ex(s)fare to stand 

orth, be prominent, visible, exist, f. ex- out + 
stare to stand. Cf, Fr. extant.] 
A. adj. 

1. Standing out or above any surface ; projecting, 
protruding, protuberant. arch. 

1545 Raynoip Byrth Mankynd 110 After that the parte 
extante or the knot of the nauyll is fallen, etc. 1660 Jer. 
Taytor Duct, Dubit, u. ii, rule vi. § 30 An image. .contains 
..all sorts of representations, flat or extant. 1669 BovLe 
Contn. New Exp, 1. (1682) 166 The Plug was extant above 
the orifice of the vessel. 1766 Entick London IV, 205 In 
St. Paul's it is extant out of the wall. 1992 Cowrrer //iad 
1v. 174 Neck and barb observing from the flesh Extant, 1814 
Cary Dante xu. 116. 1841 Borrow Zincadé (1843) L. 1. vii. 
126 Its ed body half extant from the coarse et, 

2. Standing forth to view; in early use, with 


EXTEMPORAL. 
phrase Extant to the sight, to be seen: prominent, 


Order of Hospitalls re th ight nial ordered, 
1557 it v The same i 

extant to be seene. 1§70-6 Lamparve Peramd. Kent (1826) 
55 Tere soe Pee Ste ee ae oe eee ee 
auncient fc on. 1627 F. E Hist. Edw. I] (1680) 21 
Old ls are ript up, to make his spleen more extant. 


Prim. Orig. Man, 1. iii. K 
Cre (7) W. xk 278 The truth should be visibly 
ex! 
+3. Existing so as to be a seen, found, or 
got at; accessible, get-at-able. Ods. 


1555 Lydgate’s Chron. Troy To Rar., Whose bokes..were 
not tee pat sk ihe last beyng found at Athenes, 
have [etc.]. 1638 a 


conspicuous, manifest. 


NKETHMAN Artach, Civ, He.. may 
with t the C ble seise all the Bread ex- 
tant at the Bakers house. 


4. In existence; existing. + Of time: Present. 
arch, * Of a fashion, etc.: In v , current. 

1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 18 b, so manifold 
miserable afflictions of the Jewes..they [the les of God's 
covenant] remained still safe and extant. 158z LamBarbE 
Eiren, u. v. (1588) 191 Other matters not extant in the booke 
ofthe Termes. 1590 Swinpurn Jest. ts 280 The ali 
tion made before the condition were extant or accomplished. 
1593 H. Smitn Ws. (1867) II. 106 Look how many heresies 
are extant in the church. 1606 Suaxs. 7%. & Cr. Iv. v. 168 
In this extant moment. 1618 WitHER Motto, ‘Nec Curo’ 
(1633) 545 The fashions that last extant be. Paagian thie 


Anti-Armin. 126 There is notan Arminian, a Pelagian this 
day extant. 1709 Steece & Swirt 7atler No. 66 P11 The 
most proper Form of Words that were ever extant in any.. 
Laneeee. 1822 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Zi II. vii. 
152 If routes and reviews had heen extant in Shakespeare’s 
time. 1835 I. Taytor Spir. Desfot. v. 229 A religious com- 
munity..everywhere extant. Srovet Canne’s Necess. 
Introd. 10 Cromwell, Vane, and their companions were extant. 

b. Continuing to exist; that has escaped the 
ravages of time, still existing. 

1581 J. Bert Haddon's Answ, Osor. 462 b, In the same 
Church is extaunt the Altar whereupon he prayd, 1610 A. 
Cooke rip a Joan in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 57, I say, 
there are few of his works extant ; and in those which are 
extant, he shews no gall against the popes, x Six T. 
Hersert 7rav. 191 She leapes into .. fire, which leaves 
nothing extant save fame and ashes. 1791 Boswett Fohnu- 
son an. 1745-6, None of his letters during those years are 
extant. 1 Lytton Harold 1. iv, The Roman temple, 
extant in the time of Geoffry of Monmouth, 1 Bowen 
Logic xii. 384 These fossils do not differ more from the 
extant types. 1874 Green Short Hist. i. 7 The only ex- 
tant British account is that of the monk Gildas. 

+B. sd. a. An extant copy (cf. Exar). b. 
pl. Remains. Ods. 

1592 tr. Fudius on Rev. xi. 7 There is an extant of that matter 
written by the same Boniface. @ Cievetanp Poor 
Cavalier 40 Now Peace be with thy Dust..For the next 
motion to a Calm.. Will thy poor Extants into peices tear. 

e, -ase, - , -asy, obs. ff. TASY. 
+E-xtat. Obs. rare—'. [subst. use of L. ex- 
(s)tat it stands forth, 3rd pers. sing. pres. t. of exstare 
(see ExtTant).] ? A recorded example. 

1625 Br. Mountacu App. Casar 124 
Extat of any Generall Councell. 

Extatic, -al, obs. ff. Ecsraric, -AL. 

Exteame, obs. form of EstgEM. 

Extem (ekstemporal), a. Now rare. 
[ad. L. extemporal-ts arising out of the moment, 

ex tempore: see EXTEMPORE, Cf. TEMPORAL.] 

1. Done, said, or conceived on the spur of the 
moment; not premeditated or studied beforehand ; 
impromptu ; off-hand. 

1570 Levins Marks. 14 Extemporall extemporalis. 1577 
ee “328 Hir ny porall 
1 fourneur Rev. Trag. mt. vi, Aduizing you to. .ex- 
poe Mc execution. 1649 Mitton Eikon, xxiv, He.. 
makes a difficulty how the a thir to 
extemporal prayers. 2783 A No. 81 An extem- 
poral poem in praise city. 1836 J. Keste Sermons 
viii. —— (1848), The light extemporal way in which 
many reject it. 1857 De Quincey 2. Jey Wks, Vil. 
114 tley sat down and wrote extemporal emendations on 
three Sonioed and twenty-three passages in the Fragments. 


is no such 


= BT he he yep re = 

temporall Rhetor, 1588 Suaxs. ZL. ot. died 

= ~¥ Edw. I11,w. iv. 

think him no divine 

Those 

Discoo. Wr. (Rtldg,) 742/ 

onson Discov. ® ~~) 742/% 
in haste, 


Wat 83 The: jodsing must flow from an extem- 
poral Habit. Br. Duruam Presentment of Schismatic 
24 Their extemporall faculty w* they bragge of. 

+2. Made for the occasion. Ods. . 

16: Br. Hatt Contempi. O. T. xx. ii, Having now 

an extemporall throne. . 

Hence + Exte‘mporally adv., in an extemporal 
manner; impromptu, ‘+ Bxte‘mporalness, the 
quality be belag extemporal ; the faculty of speak- 


1577 G. Harvey Letter-bk. Cea fewe delicate 
poeticall devises of Mr. G. H, extem; written by him, 


EXTEMPORALITY. 


rsgz Suaxs. Ven, & Ad. 836 She.. sings extemporally a 
wofull dittie. 1656 W. D. tr. Comenius’ Gate Lat. Und. § 694 
Hee. .[is called] Eloquent. .especially if hee bee ready even 
to extemporalness. 1674 A. G. Quest. conc. Oath of Alleg. 
31 Any other remedy than what true Reason .. will extem- 
porally dictate in such an occasion. 

+t Extemporalit . Obs.—° [f. L. extem- 
poral-itas ; see -1TY.] Extemporariness ; the faculty 
of extemporaneous speaking. 

1 eet in Brount Glossogr. 1775 in Asn. 

+ Extempora‘nean, a. Ods. [f.as next + 
-AN.] = next. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. 9 Those other faults of 
Barbarisme, Doricke dialecte, extemporanean stile, 1691 
Woop Ath, Oxon. Il. 184. He was accounted .. a ready or 
extemporanean speaker, 

Extemporaneous (ekste:mporé-nis), a. [f. 
late L. extempordane-us (in some texts of Quintilian 
for extemporalis ; {. ex tempore: see EXTEMPORE) 
+-ous. Cf. F. extemporané.] 

1. Not premeditated or studied, off-hand, extem- 
pore; esp. of discourse, prayer, etc. Rarely of a 
person: Speaking extempore; also, inclined to 
promptness of action. 

1656-81 in Bount Glossogr. 1673 Boyte Excell. Theol. 
Wks. IV. 54 If it happen (as it often will in extempo- 
raneous discourse) that a philosopher be not rightly under- 
stood, 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. v. 124 This cannot be 
done in extemporaneous effusions ; and therefore there must 
be forms premeditated. 1812 Redigionism 60 Extempora- 
neous pulpiteers, your text Prepare. 1825 I.p. CockBuRN 
Mem. 418 He seldom utters an extemporaneous word. His 
habit is to have every thing written, to the very letter. 
1847 L. Hunr Men, Women, § B. 11. x. 230 Ladies of an 
extemporaneous turn of mind. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng. 
I. 159 There might be a revised liturgy which should not 
exclude extemporaneous prayer. 1863 Roprnson in Macm. 
Mag. Mar. 416 Extemporaneous preaching is. . best adapted 
to interest and amuse the hearers, 

2. Made for the occasion, hastily erected or pre- 
pared. Of a medicine: Needing to be prepared 
at the time of prescription ; opposed to officinal. 
So extemporaneous practice. 

1725 BrapLey Fam, Dict. s.v. Water Germander, (It is] 
somewhat strange, that it is not oftner met with in extem- 
poraneous Practise. 1727 bid. s.v. Cup Moss, Mosses .. 
have never obtain’d officinal or extemporaneous prescription. 
1754 Warsurton Ld. Bolingbroke's Philos. ii. (1756) 72 His 
famous book .. taken as an extemporaneous cordial, .. to 
support himself under his frequent paroxysms. 1830 SoUTHEY 
in Q. Rev. XLII. 99 This extemporaneous architecture was 
soon completed. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 61 He directed 
his servants to furnish an extemporaneous supper. 

Hence Extempora‘neously adv., in an extem- 
poraneous manner. Extempora'neousness, the 
quality of being extemporaneous. 

1764 Harmer Oéserv, iv. v. 212 The extemporaneousness 
of them [Eastern songs]. 1791 Edin. New Disp. 525 Any 
proper tincture ,. may be extemporaneously joined. 1794 
G. Apams Nat, § Exp. Philos. Tv. li. 415 The barometer 
thus extemporaneously made, will be nearly as perfect .. as 
before, 1836 H. Coteripce North. Worthies (1852) 1. 66 
Questions which it were worse than folly to treat extem- 
poraneously. 1891 Spectator 28 Feb. /t Insufficient 
preparation, and all the other evils which are briefly com- 
prehended in the description of extemporaneousness. 

+ Exte’mporany, @. Os. vare—', [ad. late 
L. extemporane-us ; see prec.) = prec. 

1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. 397 Sometimes extemporany, 
sometimes premeditated. Sues 

Extemporary (ekste'mpérari), a. and sd. [f. 
EXTEMPORE @, + -ARY.] A, adj. 

1. Unpremeditated; es. of prayer, discourse, 
composition, etc. ; = EXTEMPORE @. 2. Occas. of a 
speaker ; + formerly also of the ability to speak. 

1610 Be. Hatt Afol, Brownists § 42 The seruice said in 
our parish-churches is as good a seruice to God as the ex- 
temporary deuotions in your parlours, 1648-9 Zikon. Bas. 
78 Those men who gloried in their extemporary vein and 
fluency. 1684 WinsTANLey in Shaks. C. Praise 400 Queen 
Elizabeth coming into a Grammar-School made this extem- 
porary Verse. 1849 Lp. Cocxsurn Fraud. II. 244, I have 
never known a truly extemporary preacher. 1875 EMERSON 
Lett. & Soc. Aims vi. 157 Cardinal de Retz .. described 
himself in an extemporary Latin sentence. 1880 Vern. LEE 
Stud. Italy u, ii. 27 Italy appears at all times to have pro- 
duced extemporary poets. . 

quasi-adv. 1629 N. C[arrenter] Achitophel 38 David's 
prayer. .proceeded from him extemporary. 

+d. nonce-use. 

1642 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 35 78 I believe they 
[the Angels] have an extemporary know! ge. 

+2. Arising at the moment, occasional, casual ; 
sudden, unexpected. Ods. 

1639 Futter Holy War t. xxiv. (1840) 46 Being no slip of 
an extemporary passion, but a studied and premeditated act. 
a1660 Hammonp Serm. on Matt, xi. 30 Wis. IV. 480 The 
most extemporary view of the commands of the decalogue. 
1672 SHADWELL JZiser 1v, Extemporary love is most com- 
monly as hypocritical as extemporary prayer. 1758 JoHN- 
son /dler No. 94 P 4 A calm delight, such as..is yet easily 
quitted for some extemporary joy. ; 

3. Made for, or suggested by the occasion ; 
hastily built, framed, prepared, or provided ; make- 
shift; = EXTEMPORE a, 3. 

1631 T. May tr. Barclay’s Mirr. of Mindes 1. 199 They.. 
constitute one common and extemporary home. 1655-60 
Srantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 349/2 As soon as he landed, 
they..rear’d an extemporary Altar before him. 1699 EvELyN 
Acetaria (1729) 153 Such Plants. .are easily prepar’d for an 
Extemporary Collation. 1779-81 Jounson Z. P., MZilton 


455 


Wks. II. 117 The system of extemporary government. . fell 
into fragments. 1841 D’Israett Amex. Lit. (1867) 581 Such 
elaborate dramatic personages were not extemporary crea- 
tions thrown off in the heat of the pen. @ 1864 HawTHoRNE 
Amer. Note-bks. (1879) I1. 146 A sty even more extemporary 
than the shanties. ' 

+B. sd. An extemporary speech or action; an 
impromptu. Ods. 

@166x Futter Worthies m1. 9 His extemporaries were 
often better than his premeditations. 1685 Gracian’s Cour. 
tiers Orac. 52 Extemporaries are the gentile feats of a good 
discerning. 

Hence + Extempora‘rian, one who speaks ex- 
tempore; one who maintains the propriety of 
speaking extempore. Exte'mporarily adv., in 
an extemporary manner; without premeditation. 
Exte’mporariness, extemporary quality. 

1680 G. Hicxes Spirit Popery 45 Either the Church of 
England, or the People called Quakers are in the right, and 
Extemporarians, not Inspired, certainly in the Wrong. 1667 
H. More Div. Dial. u. vi. (1713) 108, I have answered as 
well as I could thus extemporarily. a@1754 Fiecpinc De- 
mosth. 1st Olynthiac Wks. 1775 IX. 238 Extemporarily, 
and without premeditation. 1840 Mitt Diss. §& Disc. (1875) 
I. 400 Extemporarily adapting means to ends. 1671 77we 
Nonconf. 245 You endeavour thereby, to impugne extempo- 
rariness, multiplicity, and variety of words, in Prayer. 

+Extemporate, ¢. Os. [f. Exremporr 
adv. + -ATE*.] a. Done or produced extempore ; 
b. =EXTEMPORAL. 

1590 GREENE Never too late (1600) 104 In an extemporate 
humor he made this sonnet. 16x Baxter /nf. Baft. Apol. 
4 To my first Paper I could never have answer (save to the 
extemporate writing before at our meeting’. 1661 Pagers 
on Alter. Prayer-bk. 37 Prayers, both prepared and ex- 
temporate have been ordinarily used. 1685 BAxtER Paraphr. 
NV. 7. Ephes. v. 19 It would be mad Work for a Congrega- 
tion to sing extemporate Songs. 

Extempore (cks;tempérz), adv. a. and sb. 
[a. L. phrase ex tempore lit. ‘out of the time’.] 

» aU, 

1. At the moment, without premeditation or pre- 
paration; at first sight; off-hand. Now usually with 
reference to speech, composition, or musical per- 
formance. 70 speak extempore in present use 
often merely means to speak without notes, or 
without reading from manuscript. Zo pray ex- 
zempore is opposed to using a set form of prayer. 

@ 1553 Uvart Royster D. (Arb.) 32 Yea and extempore will 
he dities compose, 1588 Bapincton Ex. Lord’s Pr. 175 
Afterward .. he .. began to preach ertempore. 1594 PLAT 
Fewell-ho. 11. 29 A speedie .. drinke which trauailers may 
make for themselves (ex tempore) when they are distressed 
for want of good Beer. 1642 P. Rupert Declaration 2 
Noblemen. .could then fight so valiantly ex tempore. a@ 1688 
Bunyan Wes. 11. 677 It is at this day wonderful common, 
for men to pray Ex-tempore..To pray by a Book .. is now 
out of fashion. 1697 CoLLier Ess. Aor, Subj. 1. (1709) 140, 
I don’t like a Man that can hate at first Sight, and kill Ex- 
tempore. 1752 Phil. Trans. 11 June, [The tackle and pul- 
lies). . being easily. .applied ex tempore as occasion requires, 
1756 Lavy M. W. Montacue Let?t. xcviii. LV. 81, I wrote, 
extempore, on the back of the song, some stanzas, that went 
perfectly well to the tune. 1837 Mrs. Cartyce Lef¢t. I. 72 
He proposes to speak these lectures extempore. a@ 1845 
Hoop Ofen Question ix, He played extempore as well As 
certain wild Itinerants on Sunday. 1847 Grote Greece 
(1862) III, xxxvi. 289 The right expedient seemed to flash 
bem his mind extempore. 1866 G. MacponaLp Anz. Q. 

ns ae xi. (1878) 209, I always preach extempore. 

+2. On the instant; at once; immediately. Ods. 

1593 Nasue Four Lett. Confut. 65 You shall see me cast 
a figure for him extempore. 1604 AZeeting Gallants at Or- 
dinarie 22 The body must be removed .. extempore: it 
would affect all the Ayre round about else. 1663 J. SPENCER 
Prodigies Pref., I’d yeeld extempore my breath. 

+3. Zo live extempore: to live ‘from hand to 


mouth’. Ods. 

1679 J. GoopMAN Pentt, Pardoned ui. i. (1713) 146 When a 
man lives not ex tempore, but premeditates. 1728 T. SHERI- 
DAN Persius iii. (1739) 47 To live extempore without any 
Regard to the future. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. IV. 58 
There are too many in the world. .who seem to live extem- 
pore. . being immersed only in present matters. 

B. ad. 

1. Arising out of the moment; casual, occa- 
sional; sudden, unprepared for. Now only of 
personal actions (cf. 2). 

1639 Futter Holy War v. xiv. (1840) 267 It was..an 
extempore water, flowing from the snow which melted on 
hills, 1679 J. Goopman Penit. Pardoned ui. ii. (1713) 174 
It was but a flash, an extempore motion. a@1716 Soren 
Wks. 1V. 50 To make the salvation of an immortal soul, 
such a slight, extempore business. 1755 Younc Centaur v. 
Wks. 1757 IV. 240 Shall we .. a pe into the jaws of 
extempore death? 1809 W. Irvine Knickers. (1861) 150 He 
was somewhat subject to extempore bursts of passion. 1840 
Hoop Uf the Rhine 228 Markham’s extempore champion- 
ship of the twelve tribes, 

2. Of a discourse, etc,: Composed, spoken, per- 
formed, or acted at the moment, without premedi- 
tation or preparation. Now usually understood to 
mean; Without the assistance of notes, or without 
reading. 

a@ 1637 B. Jonson Leges Convivales Wks, (Rtldg.) 727 
Let no poetaster command Another extempore verses to 
make. 1665 WitHER Lorad’s Prayer Preamb., There is in 
many, an excellent gift’of extempore vocal Prayer, @1704 
Locke Paraphr. 1 Cor. xiv. note Wks. 1714 III, 199 Their 
singing..was of extempore hymns by the impulse of the 
Spirit, 1756 Crsper Aol. (ed. 4) I]. 112 Extempore farces 


EXTEMPORY, 


or dialogues continued till ~*~ were displaced by the exhi- 
bition of the mysteries, 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. i. 54 Volun- 
taries..continue to be always extempore productions. 1837 
J. H. Newman Par, Seri. (1839) 1. xx. 301 To be present 
at extempore prayer, is to hear prayers. 1841 D’Israe.i 
Amen, Lit. (1867) 292 The boy .. acted an extempore part 
of his own invention. 1844 STANLEY Arnold I. iii. 141 His 
[Dr. Arnold’s] power of extempore translation into English, 
b. Of speakers, performers. 

zype shes D’Israet Cur. Lit, (1866) 226/2 This accom- 
plished extempore actor. 1886 Beeton’s Complete Orator i. 
122 Tillotson failed altogether as an extempore preacher. 

3. Contrived for the occasion, makeshift. 

1694 F. BraGce Disc. on Parablest.7 Yo..have an ex- 
tempore superficial religion. 1806-7 J. Berrsrorp M/iseries 
Hum, Life (1826) x. xxi, Dinner dressed by the housemaid 
with extempore spits, saucepans etc. 1823 Bentuam Wot 
Paul 347 A sort of mixed and extempore judicatory. 1856 
Miss Mvtock 3, Halifax (ed. 17) 176 John lay on an ex- 
tempore sofa. 

+C. sb. Extempore composition, speech, or 
performance ; an impromptu, improvisation. Ods. 

1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. vy. A poet! I will 
challenge him my selfe presently, at ex tempore. 1610 
fistrio-m. 1. 127 Post. We can all sing and say, And so 
(with practise) soone may learn to play. Jac. ‘True, could 
our action answer your extempore. 1660 Pepys Diary 6 
July, W. H. and I did sing extempores. 1737 Cosson Sense 
(1738) I. 312 Anagrams. .and ex ‘Tempores are all their own. 
1798 Wo corr (P. Pindar) Tales of Hoy Wks. 1812 IV. 410 
‘The extempore, the extempore on the Flys, or you shan’t 
have your Passage for nothing. 1813 Scorr Zier. 1. 
Interl. at end, ii, Such may hither secret stray, To labour 
an extempore, 1815 W. H. IreLanp Scribbleomania 49 A 
specimen of Mr. Pratt’s extempore. 


+ Exte‘mpore, v. ds. [f. prec.] 
trans. = IeXTEMPORIZE. 

1771 SMOLLET Hmph. Cl. 111. 3 Oct., A loud laugh... he 
could at all times extempore. P 

+Extemporean, a. Obs. rare—', [?f. Ex- 
TEMPORE + -AN; but perh. mispr. for extemporancan, 
which Burton uses elsewhere.] Extemporancous. 

1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. (1651) 12 It was first 
written..in an extemporean stile. 

Extemporist (ekstempdrist). rave. [f. 
EXtTEMPoR-E adv, + -IST.] One who is given to 
extemporize. 

1812 Religionisne 60 Extemporists. Lae 

Extemporization (ekste:mporoizéi-fon), [f. 
next + -ATION.] The action of speaking, or of 
composing and executing music, extempore; im- 
provisation 5 an extempore performance. 

1860 WorcesTER cites Athenxvum, 1865 Pal! Mall G. 19 
June 4 For three-quarters of an hour last Sunday, I was 
obliged to listen to Mr. Y.’s extemporization. 1879 O. W. 
Homes Motley xxi. 164 A conversation must necessarily 
imply a certain amount of extemporization on the part of 

h 


both. 

Extemporize (ekste-mpérsiz), 7. [f. ExrtEem- 
POR-E adv. + -IZE.] 

1. ztr. To speak extempore. Also, to compose 
and perform music off-hand ; to improvise. 

a1717 [see Extemporizinc v6. sd,]. 1775 in Asu. 1883 
A. Puetrs Eng. Style vii. 109 Preachers are prone either to 
extemporize always or to write always. 1887 Pall Mall G. 
30 Dec. 13/2, I resolved on a certain Sunday night to ex- 
temporize, 

2. ¢rans. To compose on the spur of the moment ; 


to compose and utter off-hand. 

1817 Byron Beffo xxxiii, He. .could himself extemporise 
some stanzas. 1841 Mratt Nonconf. I. 12 The plain, simple 
Scottish writer, who..ex-temporised the contents of this 
book. 1880 VERN, LEE Stud. /taly v. 238 Their successors 
were obliged to leave half of the dialogue to be extemporised. 

3. To produce or get up on the spur of the 
moment; to invent for the occasion. 

1858 Zimes 9 Nov., Gunners..cannot be extemporized. 
1864 /bid. 24 Dec., The Federals.. extemporized_a Budget 
exactly as they extemporized an army. 1874 CARPENTER 
Ment. Phys. 1. ti. § 43 The Amceba..when it has met with 
a nutritive particle, extemporises a stomach for its recep- 
tion. 1878 Bosw. Smitn Carthage 197 The canoes which 
he had extemporised. 1880 L. STEPHEN Pofe vii. 159 It was 
his [Bolingbroke’s] special glory to extemporize statesman- 
ship without sacrificing pleasure. , 

Hence Exte’mporized ///. a., in senses of the 
verb. Exte‘mporizer, one who speaks or com- 
poses extempore. Exte‘mporizing 7d/. sd., also 


attrib. and ppl. a. 

1856 Froupe Hist, Eng. 1. 61 It was an extemporized 
allegory. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 211 
‘The extemporized jurisprudence of a later age. 1812 Ke- 
Zigionism 62 Th’extemporizer’s art who knows, Than pray 
had rather hear him blow his nose. 1852 Meanderings o, 
Mem. 1. 47 Matter to sustain The staggering extemporizer’s 
pain. 1692 Souru Sevm. (1697) II. 159 The Extemporizing 
faculty is never more out of its Element, than in the Pulpit. 
1644 Mitton Aveo. (Arb.) 56 The cursory eyes of a tem- 
porizing and extemporizing licenser, 1880 Grove Dict. 
Mus. \. 499/2 Extemporizing machine, an invention for 
printing the notes of an ext neous perfor , by 
means of mechanism connected with the keyboard of a 
pianoforte or organ. ae 

+ Exte’mpory, adv. anda. Obs. [Anglicized 
form of EXTEMPORE.] = EXTEMPORE, 

1623 CockERAM 01, Out of Hand, Extempory, 1655 Futter 
Ch Vist. vit. i, § 30 Some being for extempory prayers, 
but none to my knowledge for extempory pollicy. 1658 
Ussuer Azm, 351 Whereunto they extempory made him 
very prudent and well advised answers. 1679 Hist. Fetzer 
ities Knife (which for a piece of extempory Service he 


rare—', 


EXTEND. 
always wore about him). 1775 M. Gururie in G. Colman's 
Posth, Lett. (1820) 118 Celebrating our activity..with ex- 


tempory Song. 

Hence + Exte'm: 5 

1727 in Batey vol. II. 177g in Asn, 

Extend (ekste'nd), v. Also 5 estend. [ME. 
extenden, ad. L. extendére, f. ex- out + tendére to 
stretch. The form estend is through Fr. estendre.] 

I. To stretch out. 

1. trans. To stretch forcibly, strain. 

_ ‘ta. To stretch or pull out (anything) to its full 
size; to strain (nerves); to hold or maintain in a 
stretched condition. Also, to train (a vine) ; after 
L. extendere vitem. Obs. 

©1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 140 In landes drie and hoote noo 
vyne extende. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 255 b, He 
was extended & strayned on y® crosse. 1541 Barnes Wks. 
(1573) 246/1 Her wrinckles bee extended and stretched out. 
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 6 It [Asse’s milk] extend- 
ing the skinn, making it tender and removing wrinkles. 
1725 Pore Odyssey Vv. 438 To reach Phzacia all thy nerves 
extend. 1794 Rigging & Seamanship 1. 83 Quadrilateral 
sails are extended by yards. 

b. Manege. (See quot.). 

1727 Baitey vol. II, 70 extend (a Horse) signifies to make 
him go large. 1753in CHAMBERS Cyc/. Supp. 1886 Sat. Rew. 
6 Mar. 327/1 Considering..what his [the horse’s] stride is 
when really extended. . a 

+ ¢. To strain the capacity of, distend (a vessel, 
etc.). Also fig. Obs. 

1481 Caxton Mirr. 1. iv. Biij b, Of alle goodes they ex- 
tende them & discorde fro god. 1533 ELyor Cast. Helthe 
i. xxxv. 53 Men and women .. muste reade oftentimes 


lowde..extendyng out the wyndepype. a@ 1642 Jos. SHuTE | 
Fudgem. & Mercy (1645) 99 No man should extend himself | 


beyond the latitude of his own calling. 1704 Swirt Mech. 
Operat. Spirit Misc. (1711) 299 The Saint felt his Vessel full 
extended in every Part. ¢1720 Prior Turtle & Sparrow 19 
Fair swans, extend your dying throats. 

d. intr. for ref. To expand; to become dis- 
tended. 

1753 N. Torrtano Midwifry 18 Some Authors alledge, 
that the Womb grows thinner, others that it grows thicker 
in uterine Gestation, as it extends. 

2. In weaker sense: To straighten out, place at 
full length; to lay out (the body, limbs, etc.) in a 
horizontal position. + Also ztr. for reff. 

¢ 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T. 363 Flemer of feendes, 
out of him and here On which thy lymes feithfully extenden, 
Me kepe. 1624 Donne Devotions 61 If those pieces were 
extended and stretched out in Man. ar1zag Concreve 
Lament. Hecuba in Chalmers X. 276 Hector’s Corps ex- 
tended on a Bier. 1872 Huxtey PaAys. vii. 174 A limb is 
flexed, when it is bent; extended, when it is straightened 
out. 1888 Hatcu Hibbert Lect. (1890) 111. 74 When it was 
said ‘The government shall be upon his shoulder,’ it was 
meant that Christ should be extended on the cross. 

b. To write out at full length; esf.to transcribe 
(shorthand notes) in longhand ; to expand (graphi- 
cal contractions), Also, to write out (a legal in- 
strument) in proper form (now chiefly Sc.). 

a 1639 Wotton Religuizx (1672) 89 The contracting and 
extending the lines and sense of others..would appear a 
thankless office. a@ 1693 Urounart Rabelais ut. xxii, We 
will take Instrument formally and authentically extended. 
1826 J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 334 ‘Takin down 
the conversation in heeroglyphics, and at hame, extendin 
your notes.’ 1874 in Rifon Ch. Acts Pref. 8 The Surtees 
Society has always adhered to the plan of ‘extending’ con- 
tractions. 1882 Ocitvir, 7o extend a deed, to make a 
fair copy of a deed on paper, parchment, or the like, for 
signature ; to engross a deed. [Scotch.] 

e. Comm, 70 extend an invoice, etc.: to calcu- 
late and ‘carry out’ the amount of each line con- 
tained in it. (Cf. branch III.) 

3. To stretch, draw (e.g. a cord, a line of troops) 
in a specified direction, or so as to reach to a cer- 
tain point. In Practical Geometry, etc. : To open 
out (a pair of compasses) ; also adso/. 

1624 GunTER Descr. Crosse-staff 1. vi. 20 Extend the com- 
passes from the diuisor to 1, the same extent shall reach 
from the diuidend to the quotient. Drvven £neid 1. 

87 Some extend the Wall, some build the Citadel. 1703 
Sennen Mech, Exerc. 343 Then removing the string the 
s of 15d in the Quadrant, and extending it to the 
Hquator on the Cieling. 1709 Sreete Zatler No. 55 P 5 
His Troops are extended from Exilles to Mount Genevre. 
1724 De For Mem, Cavalier (1840) 170 Colonel Sandys.. 
extends himself to the left..and ‘an to form his men. 
1794 J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. 64 Extend from radius or 
go® to the course 5 points on the line of sines. . 

b. refl. and intr, for ref. To stretch or continue 
for a specified distance; to reach, be continuous, to 
or towards a certain point of space or time. 

a Caxton Godfrey 73 Thens departeth an arme like 
a fresshe water, And estendeth it toward the eest. 1514 
Barciay Cyt. & Uplondsyshm. (Percy Soc.) 9 An hepe 
snowe So hye extendynge our steple is more lowe, ips 
Brenpe Q. Curtius vit. (1570) 193 So much grou as 
his campe did conteyne, exte: a” in compasse Ix, furlonges. 
1607 Suaks. Timon u. ii. 160 ‘To did my Land 
extend. 1662 Graunt Observ. Bills Mortal. (1665) 116 No 
greater than that unto which the voice of a er of a 
rig en | Lungs can easily extend. 1711 Pore Temp. Fame 
265 Arches widen, and fong iles extend. 1 é Foe's 
Tour Gt, Brit. 1, 183 The Shore extends itself a great Way 
into the Sea. 1796-7 Jnstr. & Reg. Cavairy (1813) 169 The 
point and division on which the whole are to form will be 
named ; the whole will extend from it. 1845 M. Pattison 
Ess, (1889) I. 16 Neustria. .extended from the Meuse almost 


456 


1nG in Raymond Statist, Mines § g0 The Blue 
Lead ., extends the county to the main 
1886 Manch, Exam. g Feb. 5/2 The strike has ex- 
over 22 Wi 
Zh 1 TICLES; TANARAY toy Sane ENE OTE te 
wi 


’ On < 
+e. To be directed zo an object ; to tend. Also, 


to belong, pean, Obs. 
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Cv, He 
cameviel. sep: aurboebae extended to the arte of Nygro- 


eee, tae nie ee ee 
a thing, ineo, 1581 MaRseck . of Notes 49 Anger 
£, noahss, bohen othe aumbeamatbands imaeatietin 


tuous. 


1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. vi. § 1 No light of 
sotate extendeth to declare the will and true w 


> of 


4. trans. To lengthen, prolong; to continue to 
a greater distance; to push forward in space, 

1569 Asp. Parker Corr. (Parker Soc.) 351, I take some 
heed not to extend my sleeve beyond my arm. 1765 A. 
Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 18 Let the earth be extracted, 
and plants cannot extend themselves. 1854 Act 17-8 Vict. 
c. clxxxvi, (té#/e), An Act to enable the Portsmouth Railwa: 
oo pl -to extend their. . Line from Godalming to Shal. 
‘ord. 

b. To prolong in duration. 

1580 Barer Aly. E 492 Is extended to this time. a 
Suaks. Macb. ut, iv. 57 If much you note him You shal 
offend him, and extend his Passion; Feed, and regard him 
not. ag Donne Serm. vii. (1640) 62 If I extend this 
Sermon, if you extend your Devotion, or your Patience, 
beyond the ordin: time. 1725 Pore 7 arg 1v. 18 To 
Helen’s bed the Gods alone assign Hermione t’ extend the 
regal line. 1796 C. MArsHact Garden. xix. (1813) 349 The 
season may be extended. 1882 Cussans Handbk. Heraldry 
Introd. 14 It is the labour..of vanity to extend the term of 
this ideal longevity. 

ec. To carry to a further point of completeness, 

1727 Swirt Gulliver i. iii. 196 This advantage hath 
enabled them to extend their discoveries much farther. 
1832 Hr. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 118 Machinery 


| might be extended to the utmost perfection. 


5. To spread out in area; to make to cover a cer- 
tain space; + to open out (something furled up). 

1675 Evetyn Terra (1676) 148 You may .. extend a Tent 
over it, to keep out Rain. 1730 A. Gorvon tr. Maffei's 
Amphith. 349 An Awning was extended over the Amphi- 
theatre. 1767 Frankiin Lett. (1833) 107 Men.. carry 
umbrellas in their hands, which they extend in case of 
rain. 

b. Metaph. Used in fassive with generalized 
sense: To possess ‘extension’ or spatial magni- 


tude. 

1666 [see ExTENDED Af/. a. 4). 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 
u. i. (1695) 48 "Tis. .as intelligible to say, that a body is ex- 
tended without parts, as that any thing thinks without being 
conscious of it. 1717 Prior A/ma 1.96 The mind, say they, 
while you sustain To hold her station in the brain; You 
grant, at least she is extended. 1759 JoHNson Rasselas 
xlvii, ‘I know not’. .‘ how to conceive anything without ex- 
tension ; what is extended must have parts’. 1796 Hutton 
Math. Dict, 1. 460/2 It is usual to consider it [a body] as 
extended only in length, breadth, and thickness. 1862 [see 
ExtENDED ///. a. 4). 

ce. intr. To cover an area; to stretch out in 
various directions. Ofimmaterial things: To have 
a certain range or scope. 

1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. xxi. 181 This [heaven] is that 
gyueth to vs his colour blew, the whiche estendeth aboue 
thayer. 1559 in Str Ann, Ref. 1. App. x. 28 The parlia- 
ment, which I knowledge to be of great strengthe in matters 
whereunto it extendethe. 1597 Daniet Civ. Wares vi. 97 
All the purple plains that wide extend. Bacon take 
Learn. i, viii. § 3 The commandment extendeth more over 
the wills of men, and not only over their deeds and services. 
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 111. 514 Some ancient Oak, whose 
Arms extend In ample Breadth. 1722 Dr For gli, chron, 
Rtldg.) 113 These Robberies extended chiefly to Wearing- 
Cloths. 1729 Butter Serm, Wks, 1874 II. 162 Moral obli- 
gations can extend no further than to natural possibilities. 
1841 Lane Arad. Nts. 1. 88 Thou art he whose 
extendeth to all men. 1876 J. H. Newman //is¢. SA. 1.1. ii. 
70 Its commerce extended from China to Europe. 

6. trans. To widen, enlarge (boundaries); to 
enlarge the area of. Also intr. for refi. 

1580 Barer Adv. E 492 To extend the bounds. 1697 Dry- 
DEN Virg. Georg. v.177 My Song to flow’ry Gardens might 
extend, 1869 Farrar Fam. Speech ii. 40 First westward 
and northward .. the Aron extended, 1876 E. JENKINS 
Blot on Queen's Head 3 The way in which this inn 
gone on extending. ~ 

b, To widen the range, scope, area of applica- 
tion of (a law, operation, dominion, state of t! ings, 
etc.) ; to enlarge the scope or meaning of (a word). 

1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher, x. i.177 Onen..is extended 
to the interpretation of dreames. 1594 Hooker Zccl. Pol. 1. 
viii. (1611) 21 Yet do we not so far extend the law of reason. 
1606 Suaks. Ant. § CZ. v. ii. 62 You do extend These t ts 
of horror further than you shall Finde cause in Caesar. 

60 Strantey Hist. Philos. (z701) 40/t Croesus wondered to see 
their Plenty extended to the very Beasts, 1709 StreLe & 
Appison 7atler No, 103 ® 13 To strengthen and extend his 
Sight by a Glass. 2751 , Serm., (1771) 1V. xv. 302 We 
are taught to extend our prayers beyond our own private ne- 


cessities. 1853 O. DON in Report, etc. on Recomm, Oxf. 
Univ. Comm, 196, 1 have —- to say about the fourth 
mode si of extending the U; ity. 1854 H. 
Spencer Genesis of Science Ess. (1858) 162 The invention of 

b bled men to d the principles of me- 


alt eel h 


to F 
refi. 1798 Ferriar //lustr. Sterne i, 11 The fashion ex- 
tended itself among the courtiers. 1855 Brewster Newfon 
II. xix. 207 The reputation of Newton had been gradually 


to the present southern limits of France, 1872 E, Srautp- | extending itself on the continent. 


EXTEND. 


+c. ref. To give oneself space; to dilate, en- 
large on a subject. Ods, 
a Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 41, I forbear to extend 
an: relation upon this Earu 
He ded himself eloquently 
sul 
+7. To magnify in representation; to exagge- 
rate. Ods. 
ellie wctants Sho geodtnes OFM tas sect tones 
exte: e le. x Swaks. 
Comb. ek 25, Second Gent. You s) ¢ him farre. First 
I do extend him (Sir) within himselfe. 
II. To stretch forth, hold out. 
8. To stretch forth eal arm or hand). Cf. 2. 
Also, to hold out, put forward (a staff, etc.). 
16or Suaxs. Twed. N. u. v. 72, 1 extend m: to him 
thus, 1611 Coryat Crudities 87 That they [vines] may the 
more extend their branches in Drypven E£neid 
1, 683 See..his old Sire his he! Hand extend. r 
—— Dog Ps Water 5g § v, With cane et or. 
1809 RoLanp ing 56 It is necessary to parry wit 
arm a little Potnkm § 182zz M. A. Kerry Osmond I. 51 
Extending his hand, he took her's. 1841 Catiin NV. Amer. 
Ind, (1844) LI. lviii. 244 The hang. sag of the Government 
could be extended out to protect them, F 
9. To hold out, accord, grant (kindness, indul- 
gence) 40, towards a person; to offer (advice). 
+ Formerly also, to display (malice), inflict (ven- 
geance), issue (a legal process) against, upon. 
1540-1 Exryor /mage Gow. (1544) 59a, He .. extended 
a more stately facion than purteyned to his degree. 1547 
Act 1 Edw. VI, c. 3 § 16 Such as are in unfained miserie 
.. to whom charitie ought to be extended. 156 T. Nor- 
ton Calvin's Inst. 1. 3 He extendeth vengeance vpon 
the wicked. 1597 J. Kinc On Yonas 256 Since thou hast 
malice to bestowe, extende it vpon Ahab. 16rr SHAks. 
Cymb. u, iii. 65 Towards himselfe..We must extend our no- 
tice. 16xx Bipte Ps, cix. 12 Let there be none to extend 
mercy unto him, 1712-4 Pore Rafe Lock u. 11 To all she 
smiles extends. 1802 Mar. Epcewortn Morad 7. (1816) I. 
ix. 68 You should extend to me the same. .indulgence. 1875 
Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) 111.687 You. . begged that some allow- 
ance might be extended to you. 
b. U.S. To extend a call (to a pastorate). Cf. 
outh Church has 
A. Berry. 


CALL sb, 6 g. 
X Troy Daily Times 5 Nov., Pl 
decided to extend a call to the Rev. Charles 
ce. Law. To present el aye 

[see ExTeNDED 5]. Mod. A 
vessel, in case of loss or average, extends his 


does a notary when he has to a bill ge. 
(H. H. Gibbs.) 2 


III. To value, assess. [Of somewhat obscure 
origin; perh. derived inversely from Ex?ent, and 
thus etymologically = ‘to ascertain the extent 
of’; perh. with notion of setting down at length - 
cf. 2b, c.] 

10. To assess, value; esf. in Law: To value 
(lands, etc.). 
[1292 Britton mt. vii. §4 M 


par chevalers et autres bones 
terres.] cx R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 202 Now wille 
le & stiw: 


k . alle his lond extende, Merschalle & ard 
aioe dos enta, 1523 Fitzuers, Surv. Prol., It is 


4 . 


al v «ge 
entz..face estendre totes les 


be extended, surueyed..and valued in euery parte. 1602 
Futsecke and Pt. oo That which was within the 
bayliwicke. . hi fe cal 


to be extended OER wa and 
at the end he put the summe of the value. Warton 
Law Lex, 242/1 Extend, to value the lands, etc., of one 
bound by a statute, who has forfeited his at such an 
indifferent rate, as by the yearly rent, the itor may in 
time be paid his debt. 


Max, & Uses Com, Law (1635) 45 The land is to be extend- 
ro bas Satie he debe 1767 BLACKSTONE 
not 


56 If he releases all his right to the land, yet he may extend 
it afterwards, 1823 in Crass Technol. Dict. 
b. transf. To seize upon, take possession of, by 
force. 
1606 Suaks. fat, Ci. 1. ii, 105 Labienus .. Hath with 
his Parthian Force Extended Asia. 


man there his owne particular N 


law .. Will soon extend her 
— Obs. rare. 
1564-78 Buiteyn Dial. agst. Pest, (x 11, I _haue ex- 


bg sector Fog: 239/t Pra god. .that he wold 
gyse tom grace that he myght estende to the helthe of 
Hence Extending vé/. sb., the action of the vb. 
EXTEND exe) Be Begone this. a iaetine 
oat Of becom glatger. Quest. Chi: The whiche 
(veins) ater the braunches. .and ie extending the arme 


a 
are diuersified. @1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. . Jas. V 


EXTENDABLE. 


Wks. (1711) 107 For the amplifying and extending of the 
Christian religion. 1760 J. Wootman ¥runi. vii. 95 Through 
the gracious extendings of Divine help. 18zz Str H. Davy 
Chem. Philos, 12 Warm with the ardor of an extending and 
exalted religion. 1887 PadZ Mail G. 28 Feb. 1/1 A profit- 
able and extending business in these goods. Mod. Fur- 
nisher’s Price-list, An extending Dining Table. 

Extendable, obs. form of ExTENDIBLE. 

+ Extendant, 2. Os. [f. Exrenp +-anr?.] 
a. Sc. Amounting fo. b. Her. Having the wings 
expanded ; = DISPLAYED. 

1549 Compl, Scot. xiii. 111 He sende ane riche present 
extendant til thre scoir of thousandis peces of gold. 1825 
Berry Eucycl. Herald., Extendant, or Displayed, laid 
open in full aspect. 1851 in Ocitvie; and in later Dicts. 

xtended (ekstendéd), #47. a. [f. as prec. + 
-EpD1, 

1. Stretched out to the full. 
Spread out. 

1552 Hutoet, Extended in breadth or length, porrectus. 
1625 Marxuam Souldiers Accid. 14 Marching in an ex- 
tended Battayle. 1629 CHapMan Fuvenal 251 The length 
of his extended limbs. 1778 Eart Pemproxe M77. Eguit. 
62, I mean by the extended that trot in which the horse 
trots out without retaining himself, being quite straight. 184 
Lane Arab. Nts. I. 127 We rode along in an extended line. 
1864 Cot. M*Murvo in Daily Tel. 12 Sept., Extended 
order simply means skirmishing order. 

b. Of an arm, spear, etc. : Outstretched. 

1703 Pore Thebais 723 The youth surround her with ex- 

‘tended spears. ; K 
+c. Of a passion: Strained, intensified. Of the 
voice: Strained. Ods. 

rgxx Suartess. Charac. (1737) 11.1. 164 Anger..and other 
extended Self-Passions. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iv. 
(1840) 109 And as loud as his utmost extended voice would 
admit. . 

2. Drawn out in length in space or time; con- 
tinued, prolonged. 

¢ 1450 Burcu Secrees (E. E. T. S.) 2591 Eeyen longe, and 
extendid visage, Signe be of malice ee ere 1737 PorE 
Imit. Hor.1w.i. 42 Thee, drest in Fancy’s airy beam, Absent 
I follow thro’ th’ extended Dream. 1786 GiLPin M¢s. & Lakes 
II. 8 The vale of Lorton is of the extended kind, running a 
considerable way between mountains, 1832 Marryar 1, 
Forster iii, The coast was one extended sheepwalk. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech. 1.818/2 Extended-letter (Printing), one 
having a face broader than usual with a letter of its height. 

+b. Extended proportionality := Continued pro- 
portional: see CONTINUED 4a. Obs. 

1570 BittincsLey Euclid v. def. xx. 136. 

3. Enlarged in area ; wide-spread, extensive. 

1710 Pore Windsor For. 315 Here.. Edward sleeps: 

om not th’ extended Albion could contain. 1779 For- 
rest Voy. N. Guinea 196 The river Curuan, boasting much 
gold and clear extended plains of grass. 

b. Enlarged in comprehension or scope; having 
a large scope, extensive. 

17oo Drypen Fadles Ded., That your power of doing 
generous..actions may be as extended as your will. 186: 
Lyett Axtig. Man 6 The introduction of such a fourt 
name..must render the use of Pliocene in its original ex- 
tended sense impossible. 1882 Cussans Handbk. Heraldry 
Introd. 15 Its scope and influence are far more extended. 

4. Having or possessing the quality of extension, 
See EXTENSION 7 b. 

1666 Boye Orig. Formes & Qual. 3 A Substance extend- 
ed, divisible and impenetrable. 1710 J. Clarke Rohazl?’s 
Nat. Phil. 1, vii. (1729) 25 A Surveyor of Land conceives at 
first Sight, that a Field is extended. 1785 Rein /zz. 
Powers 11. v. (1803) I. 483 From the contemplation of finite 
extended things. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. iii. § 16 
The idea of resistance cannot be separated in thought from 
the idea of an extended body which offers resistance. 

5. Law. a. Valued; seized upon and held in 
satisfaction for a debt, etc.; levied upon. b. Of 
a protest : (see EXTEND v. 9 c.). 

a 1625 Corr in Gutch Col?. Cur. I. 124 For the extended 
lands, where ill officers became indebted to the crown, and 
made an art to have their lands extended at easy rates. 
1768 BLACKSTONE Covem. U1. Xxvi. 420 The process is usually 
called an extent..because the sheriff is to cause the lands, 
etc. to be appraised to their full extended value. 1889 Case 
Bp. of Lincoln (1891) 53 The costs of the Promoters occa- 
sioned by..the said Extended Protest. 

Hence Exte'ndedly adv., in an extended manner; 
at length, fully; to a great extent, continuously, 
extensively; so as to possess extension. Extended- 
ness, the quality or condition of being extended. 

1660 Eart Bristo. Sf. in Par?. Hist. (1763) XXII. 388To 
speak unto your Lordships somewhat more extendedly than 
what is my Use. 1678 Cupwortu /ztedl, Syst. 779 Reason 
dictates, that Here and There, isso to be understood of the 
Deity, not as if it were Extendedly Here and There. 1791 
Gilbert's Law Evid. 1.147 We must consider the Nature 
of Bills of Exchange a little more extendedly from their 
original, 1806 HerscHet in Phil, Trans. XCVI. 460 The 

olar regions are more extendedly flat than..they would 
Fave been if [etc.]. x Masson Drumm. of Hawth. xxi. 
477 ‘The Midden-Fecht’, or, more extendedly, ‘The Mid- 
den-Fecht between Vitarva and Neberna’. 1674 N. Fair- 
FAx Bulk & Selv, 173 Neither is extendednes the measure 
of God’s immensity. 1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. s.v. Fever, 
A Redness in the Face..Strength, Quickness and Extend- 
edness of the Pulse. 


Extender (ekstendo1). Also extendor. [f. 
Extenp + -ER1, In sense 3 a. AF. estendour, f. 
estendre to EXTEND.] One who, or that which, 
extends, in senses of the vb. 


Of troops, etc.: 


- gen. 
1611 Cotcr., Extenseur, an extender ..stretcher out at 
Vot. III. 


457 


length. 16r2 Woopat. Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 154 The 
extenders raising their hands too high, or putting them 
down too low, etc, 1676 Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. vu. i. 
467 The Extension made, the Extenders are to be loosened 
gently. a1677 Barrow Pofe’s Suprem. v. (1687) a The 
extenders of Empire are admired and commended. 1706 
A. Beprorp Temple Mus. viii. 158 Pashta signifies an 
Extender of the Voice. 

+2. Of a muscle; =ExtTEnsor. Ods. 

1615 CrookE Body of Man 782 The fourth muscle or the 
second extender..occupieth the outward part of the back- 
side of the arme.. 1666 J. Smitu Old Age (ed. 2) 65 Their 
origination may be..from the back. .outwardly as the first 
extendor. 1771 J. S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. Gloss., 
Crureus Musculus, an Extender of the Tibia. 

+3. A surveyor or valuer ; esf. in Law, one who 
values land, etc., under a writ of extent. Ods. 

espa Britton m1. vii. § 6 Et cele estente .. soit enroullé et 
enselé desuth les seaus des estendours jurez. ¢vans?. ‘This 
extent. .shall be enrolled and sealed under the seals of the 
sworn extendors.] ¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 83 In his 
auhtend 3ere. . Extendours he [William] sette forto extend be 
land. 15.. Skelton’s Wks., Vox Populi 366 Framyng fynes 
for fermes..Withe inclosyers and extenders. 
Extendibility (ekste:ndibiliti) [f next: 
see -ITY.] Capability of being extended; exten- 
sibility. 

1477 Norton Ord. Adch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 58 Fier is 
cause of extendibility, And causeth matters permiscible to 
be. 1820 L. Hunt /udicator No. 32 (1822) I. 249 The ex- 
tendibility of this judicious imprecation to deeds. 

Extendible (ekstendib’l), az. In 7 extend- 
able. [f. EXTEND + -IBLE.] 

1. Capable of being extended or stretched out ; 
capable of being enlarged in length, area, or dura- 
tion, or in range or scope of meaning or opera- 
tion; = EXTENSIBLE. 

1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 69 [Sweet 
alt is in Aier more penetrative, And is more extendible. 
1643 Azusw. Ld. Dighy’s Apol. 58 The meaning of some 
words of great latitude, and very extendible in the said 
Protestation. 31654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. xviii. 263 War- 
rants for Vagrants are not extendable to Knight Errants. 
1693 J. Beaumont Ox Burnet’s Th. Earth 1. 121 The most 
ductile and extendible of all Bodies. 1731 ArsutHNor 4 Z7- 
ments (1732) 42 Such Tubes as have often suffered this Force 
grow rigid, and hardly more extendible therefore. 1816 Q. 
Rev. XVI. 49 The elastic and extendible nature of those 
links in the moral chain. 1832 in WEBSTER ; and in mod. 
Dicts. ; 

2. Law. Subject to seizure under a writ of ex- 
tent; liable to be levied upon for debt, etc. 

1622 Cats Stat. Sewers (1647) 165 The Lands Intailed 
were not extendable. @1626 Bacon Max. § Uses Com. 
Law (1635) 47 Not extendable for the debts of the party 
after his death, 1755 in Jonson. 1818 Crutse Digest (ed. 
2) II. 139 An equity of redemption is .. not extendible 
Led a judgement creditor. 1832 in WEBSTER; and in mod. 

1cts. 

+ Extendlessness, Obs. rare—'. 
tended to mean ‘ boundlessness’. 

1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 10 Certain Molecule 
Seminales must be supposed..to keep the World and its 
Integrals from an Infinitude and Extendlesness of excur- 
sions every moment into new Figures and Animals, 

+Extendment. Obs. rare—'. [f. EXTEND 
+ -MENT. Cf. OF. estendement.] The action of 
extending ; extension. 

1612 Brerewooo Lang. §& Relig. xv. 153 Which great ex- 
tendment of the Greek patriarch’s jurisdiction. 

+ Exte'ndure. Ods. [f. Exrenp+-urE. Cf. 
OF r. estendure.] 

= EXTENSION. 

1610 Hellish Councell by Iesuites 15 It hath beenea de- 
plorable..property of sinne, which was committed by the 
first man, to have his extendure ouer others. 1634 Sir T. 
Hersert Trav. 4 This Ile..by reason of its extendure, 
towards the Tropicke of Cancer .. becomes exceeding hot. 
1650 BuLWER Axthropomet. vii. 81 They..labour to pro- 
hibite the natural extendure of the Nose. 1690 D’UrFey 
Collin's Walk Lond. i. 7 His person..tall and slim; With 
parts of large extendure born, To look o’re hedges. 

2. = Extent. 

1613 T. Mittes Tveas. Anc. & Mod. Times 15/2 The Fire 
which is large in extendure, and burning brightly. 1620 tr. 
Boccaccio’s Decameron 1. 60b, The night ensuing and the 
next daies full extendure are not sufficient. 1634 Sir T. 
Hersert 7rav. 217 Plato. .supposing the extendure, com- 
parable to Afrique and Asia, joyned together. 

Exte'nse, @. and sd, Obs. or arch. [ad. 
(directly, or through OF. ex¢ense) L. extens-us, pa. 
pple. of extendére to EXTEND.] 

A. adj. -a. Possessing the quality of ‘exten- 
sion’. b. Widely extended ; extensive. 

a. 1647 H. More Song of Soul u. ii. 11. xxvi, Common 
sense, that’s not extense But like a centre that around doth 
shoot Its rayes. did. u. ii. m1. xx, Is that Idea extense ? or 
indivisible ? 

b. 1644 Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy iv. 26 An Abso- 
Zute Monarch who hath a power of doing, as extense as 
his Reasonable Will. 1652 Bentowrs 7%eoph. Author’s 
Prayer 17 Their [our Transgressions’] guilt more extense 
than any thing but Thy mercie. 1847 Emerson Poems, 
Alphonso of Castile 63 Men and gods are too extense ;— 
Could you slacken and condense? 

B. sd. a. What is extended, an expanse. 


b. ? =EXxTENSION (quot. 1630). Ods. 


App. in- 


EXTENSION. 


Hence Exte’nsely adv. 

1626 W. ScLater Expos. 2 Thess. (1629) 144 This comming 
of the Lord is not to bee taken in atoms, but extensely. 

Extensibility (ekste:nsibiliti). [f. next: see 
-Ity. Cf. F. extensibzlité.| The quality of being 
extensible ; capability of being extended. a. Ca- 
pacity of being stretched out to greater length or 
area, 

a@1640 J. Batt Power Godl. u. v. 4.057) 145 Water..isa.. 
moist body, greater then the earth if we respect naturall ex- 
tensibility. 1662 Boyte Acc. Freezing Wks. 1772 II. 706 
A copper box .. which did bear three several freezings, by 
reason of the great extensibility of that metal. 171x Grew 
Cosm. Sacra u. v. 54 In what precise manner they are 
Mixed, so as to give a Fiber Extensibility..who can say? 
1871 B. Stewart Heat § 173 An increase of temperature 
affects also the extensibility of bodies. 

b. In immaterial sense. 

1826 Blackw. Mag. XIX. 448 An extensibility of power, 
all but boundless, 1881 Wuirney A/ixt. Lang. 9 A pure 
scientific induction .. dependent for.. its extensibility to 
further cases .. upon the number..of the cases already 
observed. . ; 

Extensible (ekstensib’l), a. [a. Fr. exten- 
sible, ad. L. *extensibil-ts, f. extens- ppl. stem of 
extendére to EXTEND, ] 

1. Of a material object: a. Capable of being ex- 
tended in any dimension or direction. b. Capa- 
ble of being protruded ; = EXTENSILE 2. 

61x Cotcr., Extensible, extensible; which may be ex- 
tended, or drawne out in length. 1656 in Blount Glossogr. 
1669 HoLper Sfeech 163 The Malleus, being fixed to an 
extensible Membrane, follows the ‘Traction of the Muscle, 
and is drawn inwards. 1671 J. WesstEr Metadlogr. xiii. 
200 This perfect Metal .. extensible like unto Gold. 1767 
Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 161 An artery is an extensible, 
elastic tube. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 87 Lips ex- 
tremely long and extensible. 1836 Topp Cycé. Anat. I. 
148/1 ‘The skin is more pliant and extensible. 1882 Vines 
Sachs’ Bot. 796 A layer of tissue. .so extremely extensible. 

Jig. 1871 tr. Lange's Comm. Feren. 138 Our patience and 
steadfastness are as elastic and extensible as our faith is firm, 

2. Of an immaterial object: Capable of being 
enlarged in scope or meaning. 

1654 Hammonpn Answ. Animadv. Ignat, iii. § 4. 76 If 
Lombard’s words should .. be thought farther extensible. 
1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Scz. xiv. 87 And that Love is blind, is 
extensible beyond the object of Poetry. 1755 in Jonson. 
1775 in AsH. 1875 Wuitney Life Lang. il. 20 A system 
which is extensible to everything short of infinity. 1890 
Spectator 18 Jan., Italy..has acquired .. an indefinite but 
extensible protectorate over Abyssinia. x 

Hence Exte’nsibleness, the quality of being ex- 
tensible ; extensibility. 

1727 in Battey vol, II. 1755 in Jounson. 1877 E. Cairo 
Philos. Kant 1. xvii, 601 There is no contradiction between 
finite extent, and infinite extensibleness. 

Extensile (ekstensil), a. [f. L. exfens- ppl. 
stem of extendere to EXTEND + -ILE.] 

1. Capable of being stretched out ; extensible. 

1744 ArMsTRONG Preserv. Health 11. 55 note, As these 
small vessels become solid, the larger must of course grow 
less extensile. 1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 603 It is 
connected with the neighbouring parts by an extensile cel- 
lular tissue. 1883 Chamd. Frul. 131 The capsules of its 
[a child’s] joints [are] more extensile than ours. 

2. Of the tongue, a tentacle, etc.: Capable of 
being protruded. 

1802 BINGLEY Axim. Biog. (1813) I. 125 The tongue [is] 
cylindrical and extensile. 1858 T. R. Jones Aguar. Nat. 
69 The Hydratuba .. with thirty or more very extensile, 
flexible, slender tentacula. 1879 WaLLAcE Australas. iii. 
56 A true honeysucker with an extensile tongue. 

Extension (ekste‘nfan). Also 4-5 extencioun, 
6 extencion, 6-7 extention. [The two forms 
extention (ME. extenctoun) and extension are ad. 
L. extention-em, extension-em, n. of action f. ex- 
tendére (pa. pples. extentus, -tensius) to EXTEND.] 

1. The action of forcibly stretching or straining ; 
strained state or condition. a. Stretching or 
pulling out to greater length. Ods. 

1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 114 b, Thynke on his 
extension or paynfull straynyng on the crosse. 1599 A. M. 
tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 207/2 ‘The Paralisis..and ex- 
tention of the Synnues. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 
ut. i, 105 That is an extension of the muscles and organs of 
motion maintaining the body at length. 1656 tr. Hoddes’ 
Elem, Philos. (1839) 344 Removed from their places by 
forcible compression or extension. 1824 TREDGoLD Ess. 
Strength Cast Iron p. x, Experiments on the extension of 
bodies. .when the strain exceeds the elastic force. 

b. Surg. (See quot. 1860.) 

1612 Woopa.t Surg, Mate Wks. (1653) 154 You must use 
extention almost to every Dislocation. 1676 WisEMAN 
Chirurg. Treat. vu. i. 467 The extension made, the ex- 
tenders are to be loosened gently. 1753 CuampBers Cycd. 
Supp. s.v., When the fractured parts recede from one an- 
other, some degree of Extension is necessary. 1860 Mayne 
Exp. Lex., Extension, the pulling of a fractured limb in 
a direction away from the trunk, in order to obviate re- 
traction of the lower fragments; also applied to similar 
treatment in dislocations. 1884 Syd. Soe. Lex., Extension 
apparatus, In case of hip-joint disease extension is em- 
ployed. .to prevent the contact of the two diseased surfaces, 

+e. The action of straining the capacity of a 
vessel, etc. ; distention, swelling. Obs. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 98 Pat may be knowen.. bi 

= : 


1614 Syivester Litt. Bartas 583 Wee may not match the 
heav’n’s extense Unto Thy Circle, infinite, 1630 
Lane Sgm’s Tale 187 Meeke love and stern iustice so con- 
vert as each, in each, own scopes have to insert, as reason 
seeth cause to make extense, = 


r ex of be face. 1533 Eryor Cast. Helthe 
Iv. iv. (1572) 78 b, An heuinesse with extencion or thrustinge 
out of the body, 1626 Bacon Sylva (2627) vii. 171 Ful- 
nesse of Meat. .causeth an Ex of the St ke, 1662 


EXTENSION, 


R. Matuew Und. Alch. § 106. 173 This Powder you ma: noe 
e all Diseases where Humors do offend. .or extention 
ature, 
mS d. Straining (of the voice). Ods. 
Gouce Comm, Hebr. v. 7 We take ‘crying’ for 
itaneion of voice. 

2. The action of straightening out, or of placing 
at full length. 

| Crooxe Body of Man 741 The second motion of the 

le is epg mir which is not pro) but aduentitious 
or accidentall : for when the contract ranted Baocia § is extended 
it is loosened by another and not by it selfe. 1667 E. Kin 
in Phil. Trans. 11. 426 b= may perceive a feeble motion 
of flexion and extension. hag F arnn Phys. vii. 174 ‘The 
levers. .are capable of patcenlag .flexion and extension ; 
a limb is extended, when it is straightened out. 

. The reaching or stretching (the arm, hand) 
out or forth ; protrusion (of the tongue, etc. ‘ 

1741 Betrerton Eng. Stage v. 67 This Extension of the 
Hand [upwards] sometimes signifies Pacification. 

4. Law. The ‘extending’ of a protest: see Ex- 
TEND 9c. 

1889 Case Bp. Lincoln (1891) 51 On which day Brooks and 
Jenkins. .in extension of such their Protest alleged, etc. 

5. The fact or condition of extending or reaching 
to a certain distance or in a certain direction. 

1790 Jas. Bruce Source Nile I. 1. iii. 52 We entered a 
large and thick wood of palm-trees, whose greatest exten- 
sion seemed to be south by east. 1856. prety Arct. Expl. \. 
xxiii. 309 Showing. .the former extension of the Esquimaux 
race to the higher north. 


6. The action or process of spreading out in area ;_ 


the condition of being so spread out. + Also concr. 
A ‘stretch’, expanse (of country). 

1684 T. Burnet 7h. Earth 1.1. vii. 86 This Foundation 
of the Earth upon the Waters, or extension of it above 
the Waters, doth agree to the antediluvian earth. 1786 
Guten Mts. & Lakes (1788) 11. 76 This extension of wild 
country we looked at with regret. 

+b. Mode of extending superficially, Ods. 

1570 BittinGstey £uc/id 1. def. vii. 2 A plaine superficies, 

is the shortest extension..from one lyne to an other. 
+c. Extensibility ; capability of being extended 
(by dilution), Obs. 

1594 PLar Yewell-ho., Chem. Concl. 45 That infinite exten- 
tion of the glasse of Antimonie. 

+7. The amount of space throughout which any- 
thing extends ; size, extent. Obs. 

1614 SELDEN 77tles //on. 14 There were..some Monarch- 


ped States, but not of anylarge extension perhaps. 1677 


ace Prim. Orig. Man. \. vii.187 The quantity or extension 
of the Body of the Air..commonly called the Atmosphere. 
a 1693 R. Hooke in Sir T. P. Blount Nat, Hist. (1693) 202 
Though I kept it..red-hot..yet it seem’d not at all to have 
diminish'd its extention. 1708 CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. 
Brit. 1, wt. x. (1743) 204 The City of London is of a vast 
extention. 


b. Physics and Metaph. The property of being © 


extended or of occupying space ; 
tude. 

1624 GaTAKER 7ransudst. 162 As if locall extension. .and 
other.. sensible properties could not. 
owne bodie. ot ot H. More /mmort, Soul u. iii. w. 35 
Extension That’s infinite implies a contradiction, 1690 
Locke Hum, Und. u. iv. § 5 The Extension of Body, being 
nothing but the cohesion or continuity of solid, separable, 
moveable Parts; andthe Extension of ace, the continuity 
of unsolid, unseparable and immoveable Parts. 1816 J.SmitH 
Panorama Sc. & Art, 1. 270 Extension is another property 
of matter inseparable from its existence. 1855 H. Spencer 
Princ. Psychol. 11. vi. xi. 147 Our perceptions of the specific 
extension of the body—its size and shape. 

e, An extended body or space. 

1739 Hume Hum. Nat. u. ii. (1874) 1. 337 If..any finite 
extension be infinitely divisible ..a finite extension contains 
an infinite number of parts. 1813 Suecrey Q. Mad vi, 231 
A shrine is raised to thee..The sensitive extension of the 
world. 18: Sir W. HaMitton Metaph. xxvii. (1859) I. 
160 The whole primary objects of sight, then, are colours 
and extensions, and forms or figures of extension. 

8. Of immaterial things : The range over which 
anything extends ; degree of extensiveness. 

1604 T. WriGut Passions v, 293 The extension or varietie 
{of the obiects of delight] taket away a certaine distastfull 
loathsomenesse which one kind of vniforme pleasure draweth 
with it, 1605 Campen Rem. (1637) 21 This tongue is of 
that extension at this present, that it reacheth from Suiser- 
land... over all ancient Germany. 1651 Hosses Gov't. & Soc. 
xvii. § 26, 330 A Christian City cannot be excommunicated, 
for a Christian ag 4 is a Christian Church... and of the same 
extension, x of betel Immort, Soult. 123 Rate not - 
extension of the —— mind By the Plebeian standard of 
mankind. 1782 Sir J. Reynotps Disc. xi. (1876) 36 The 
— extension of mind which _— the excellence of genius. 

Mut Logic Introd. §7 The extension of Logic as a 
Selence is determined by its necessities as an Art. 

b. esp. in Logic. Of a term or concept : a 
as measured by the number of objects whi 
it denotes or contains under it. Opposed to inten- 
sion or comprehension. 

Pi HALe E Swerve an oe iti, git 


pe Warts L a iii, § 3 The Extension tm an eal 
Idea regards all t! icular Kinds and single Beings that 
are contained oa it.. Soa Bowl, inits Extension, en 
a wooden Bowl, a brass Bowl, etc. /é#d, m1. ii. §2 In al 


spatial magni- 


the subject, 1 iv. 66 It denotes a number 
of objects .. This is its Gonesity of Extension. 1876 Jevons 
Logic Prim, 22 War-screw-steam-ship is a still narrower 
term, that is, has much Jess extension, 


458 
9. t. a. Increase in length; prolonga- 


tion, 1 
1796-7 Instr. & eee. Cavalry (1813) 216 Some small i in- 
crease of di e! may 
and wh © is thereb d, will be im- 


d. yt M Silur. Syst, 1. Xxxiv. 

2A ray ye bon man extension is given to the limestone. 

Seder mani lhe siugoat of te gant dies eq tai 
compass up to 

found and that the weakened bo Gis 


was so much 
extension that [etc.]. 

b. concr. An extended portion; esf. an addi- 
tional section, a prolongation (of a railway, or 
the like); also attrib. 

oy pews 17-8 Vict. c. cxxxiii, An Act to alter the Line of 
the on, Tilbury, and Southend Extension Railway. 
1863 Bradshaw's Railway Man. § 288. 271 By subsequent 
acts, an extension from w to Grange Court was 
authorised, 1891 /did. § 179. 231 The extension was opened 
for traffic on the 1st of March 1880, 1880 Haucuton Phys. 
Geog. vi. 300 The Alpine Flora occupies the extension south- 
wards of the Arctic regions. 

ce. Gram. A word or words serving to amplify 
a subject or predicate; also an extended form (ofa 
word) produced by the addition of a suffix. 

d. Enlargement in duration. 

Extension of time : (Comm.) the concession by a creditor 
of a later date than that stipulated for the payment of a 
debt. Also in Law, a grant of additional time for the ful- 
filment of legal formalities. 

@ 1631 Donne in Sedect. (1840) 30 This better resurrection 
is..an extension even of that eternity of 


py eee aay Aen Its isina 
precisely inverse ratio to J. Warp in 
Encycl. Brit. XX. 46 In our organic sens we can 
distinguish. . variations of quality, of intensity, of what 
Dr. Bain has called massiveness, or, as we will say, exten- 
we Sinden in 


our perception 
Extensive (cks (ekstensiv), a. [ad. late L. exteu- 
stu-us, f, extendére (pa. pple. extensus): see EXTEND 
and -Ive, Cf. F. extensif.] 


phd Capable of being extended ; extensible. Ods. 
1610 B. Foxgox Alch. u. iii, These two [sulphur and mer- 


the finest coin, as. .most extensive 
+2. Tending to cause extension or stretching 
out. Ods. rare—'. 


FE ne Sim T, Browne Pseud, Ef. 11. i. 105 Station is. .one 
oe of Sohn <, en Pe ..doe name extensive or 


b. That has the effect of extending or enlarging 
in sco’ 

1832 hones Furispr. (1879) Il. xxxiii. This bastard 
—, interpretation ex ratione juris is frequently styled 


logical 
3. a. Of material things: Extending over or oc- 


cupying a large surface or Bi aga having a wide 
extent, widely extended. capital, purchases, 
etc.: Large in amount. 

pret a (ed. Kersey), Extensive ..that mgpeng 4 or 


1880 
Hipkins in Grove Dict. Mus. U1. 722/1 In- 1835 Pierre 
Erard obtained an extension of his patent. 
< Enlargement in area. 

1-71 T. ones Anim. Kingd., (ed. 4) 563 The exten- 
idan of the shell is entirely effected by the margin of the 
mantle. 1854 Act 17-8 Vict. c. cxxv. Citle), An Act for.. 
the Extension of the Boundaries of the said Borough. 1884 

30wER & Scott De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 581 When the 
normal cambium has begun its growth at the outer side of 
the ring of wood, radial extension. .begins in a middle layer. 

a Enlargement i in scope or operation. 

1590 Swinsurne Testaments 181 b, Which conclusion is 
diuersly. .extended. . The first extension a that [etc.]. 1660 
R, Coxe Power § Subj. 222 The Sacriledge and extention 
of the civil Jurisdiction in giving the civil Magistrate licence 
to take cognizance of the publique Liturgy. x BosweLi 
Fohnson an. 1712, What no child .. could pri 


1774 Pennant Tour Scot. in 1772, ey 
joel plantations .. round his lands. 1776 MITH 
W. N.1. iti. 1. 19 By means of water a more exten- 
sive market is opened. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 28 Along the 
oa mucous tract. .a ion is constantly going on. 


a Hist. Europe V1. xiii. § 53. 1341 xtensive 
at 


had..been sunk in the oe @ 1859 MACAULAY 
| Hust. Eng.V. xxiii. 71 igemataes or . was the most extensive 
| that had ever obeyed a single chief. 1872 Raymonp Statist, 


uce, without | 


an extension of its faculties. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. India | 


III. 164 The great extension of agriculture that followed the 
re-establishment of peace. 1 O. Gorvon in Report Re- 
comm. Oxf, Univ. Comm, 198, 1 look for the extension of 
the University to the poor. 1862 Sir B. Bropise Psychol. Ing. 
II. 1. 7 A question whether .. the extension of human know- 
ledge really leads to an extension of human happiness. 

g. University Extension: the extending of the 
scope and work of the universities, esp. by afford- 
ing some of the advantages of university teaching 
and examination to non-resident students. 

1850 Manset Evid. Oxf. Univ. Comm. 19, I do not think 


| that any great scheme of University extension is practicable 


be severed from his | 


in the present day. ony fl Brit. Rev. Mar. XLVI. 224 
The various schemes of 

been suggested. 
versity Eatension. 1885 Moutton Univ. Extension Move- 
ment 4 University Extension is mainly occupied with 
carrying, by itinerant teachers, University teaching to the 
doors of the people who cannot come up to the Universities, 
Ibid, 45 Chesterfield University Extension Association . 
Northampton University Extension Society, /éid. 27 To 


| assign one-half of a winter's session to a University Exten- 


sion Course . 
subjects. 

10. attrib. a. (sense 1 b) as extension-apparatus, 
-splint. Db. (sense 2) as extension-motion. @. (sense 
9a) as extension-ladder, -pedal, -table, etc, A. (sense 
9 b) as extension-room. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 818/2 ie ceed eee 
fag rteowecal designed to cc act the y 
of the muscles to shorten when a limb has been fractured or 
dislocated. /did., * Extension-ladder, a \adder having a 
movable section, which i be jected in gation of the 
main section, 1 Exerc. Infantry 1. § 4. 7, In 
order to supple the Hag Ae following “extension motions 
will be practised. 1867 F. H. Luptow Brace of Boys 288 
He heard an earnest, boyish voice in the *extension-room, 


. University Extension Certificates in Science 


1884 Syd. Soc. Lex. +» “Extension splint. 1864 Wevster 
*Extension table, a table that can readily be extended or 
contracted in length. 1884 NV. ¥. 27 Oct, 1/2 *Ex- 


tension Top Phaetons. 

Extensional (ckstenfanal), a. [f. prec. + -AL.] 
Of, pertaining to, or of extension. 

3647, H. More Song of Sou u. ii, m1. xx, But that some 
virtue’s not extentionall May thus be proved, 1667 — 
Dial, 1. xxxiv. — J} ou run always into these exten: 
sional Ph ; whence in mod. Dicts. 


Extensionist ( ae nfonist), [f. as prec. + 
-Ist.] a. One who advocates the extension of 
anything. b. A member of the Association for 
the Extension of University Teaching. collog. A 
University Extension student, esf, one attending 
the ‘Summer Meeting’ n in Oxford in 1888, 


W! H. 
Dep ae eae ading cnekle ee 
Extensity (ckste'nsiti). [f. L. extens-us (see 


EXTENSE) + -ITY.] The quality of having (a cer- 
tain) extension ; in Psychol. of the breadth of sensa- 
tion, as opposed to intensity (see quot. 188 ss 

. ‘12 2 


Corerince in t prec Mag. (1882) CXXX 
Phan tape ny ‘only by bi d spirits, 


niversity extension which have | 
1871 J. Stuart (fét/e), A letter on Uni- | 


Mines & Mining 283 Extensive silver veins and deposits. 

. Of immaterial things: Far-reaching, large 
in comprehension or scope; wide in application 
or operation ; comprehensive; also, lengthy, full 
of detail. + Extensive to: that extends to, appli- 
cable to, comprehensive of. 

1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 5 The reprehension of 
Saint Paul was. .extensive to all knowledge. 1651 Baxter 
Inf. Bapt. 105, | am bound to take scripture in the most 
extensive sence. «@1748 Watts Jmprov. Mind u. i, An 
extensive — of the branches of any science. 1754 
Epwarps Freed, Will ut. iv. 165 Inability .. may be more 

eneral and extensive to all Acts of that Kind, 1756 Burke 

‘ind. Nat. Soc. Wks. 1842 1, 14 A piece of t and ex- 
tensive wickedness. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. 
(ed. 4) I. p. ix, Our limits will not permit us to. i705 The in 
extensive quotation. 1863 H. Cox /nstit. 1. viii. 

Mutiny es constitutes an extensive code of 
Be So of persons, their faculties, etc. Obs. oa aie 
on Donne 6 = i (1634) 2 A Livie or a Guicciardine 
or suc authours. a De For 
ag (1840) II, vi. es gh He was extensive in his A 
Popr. Odyss. x1. 398 The God of day, Who all surveys 
his extensive e: 1749 BERKELEY ‘ord to Wise Wks. 
Tih 448 ee extensive parent of many miseries 
and man 1768 Girin Ess. Prints 67 In a word, he 
was..a a of a very extensive genius, 


4. Of or pertaining to extension (in sense 7 b) ; 
characterized by, or possessed of, extension ; oc- 
cupying space. 

pn! gee Transubst, 1141 Unlesse his pe aes) had therein 
and 1877 


E Cairp Phe Kant u. xi. 442 Pe sey time are neces- 
sarily ted as extensive quanta, 1886 J. Warp in 
Encycl. Brit. XX. 53 We do not first experience a succes- 
sion of touches . means of movements, and then, when 
these i impressions are fears seceeneets mega them 


a Of or ining to extension (in sense 8b) ; 
number of objects. Opposed to 


1686 Goan Celest. Bodies ut. xiii, 333 This mostly 
when there wants of sae Extensive or Intensive. 
syug Warre Lagée. vi, § 13 This Art teaches us to distribute 
any extensive Idea into its different or —— 

Sir W. Hamivton Logic xv. (1866) I. very 


notion has not only an Extensive, but an Intensive 
quantity, 

Extensively (ekstensivli), adv. [f. prec. + 
at In an extensive manner. 


sale a » largely So on a large 


for jud, \- 
them, with = reying aah eager 1804 


cerning ithout. .sui 
L. eg way 5 5 Phin LF -indulge a 
that the book will be stil more extensi “KS 
(ed. 4) 298 


circulated 

ee T. R. Jones aes 
Poulingstrctures. ig ok See Lect.v. ah peel 
2 In extent or scope; with respect to range of 


ple 
mich gro ek anys ina 1 at. Gam cara Been 20 


eS 


EXTENSIVENESS. 


Purs. Lit. (1798) 380 The most extensively learned book I 
ever saw. 1836 J. Gitpert Chm. Atonem. iii. (1852) 64 As 
truly we say, not as extensively; but in considering the 
Justice of such substitution, the extent is of no moment. 
1855 Bain Senses §& Int. 1. iii. § 7 Increase of resemblance 
extensively. .has the same power as increase of resemblance 
intensively, in rendering the restoration of the past more 
certain. 

b. In extension (in Logic); with respect to ex- 
tension. See Exrension 8 b. 

1837 Sir W. Hamitton Logic viii. (1866) I. 146 A notion is 
extensively great in rs ease to the greater number.. o: 
determinations or attributes it contains under it. 1864 
Bowen Logic viii. 237 Reasoning Extensively, we say, men 
are a part or class of responsible agents, and are, therefore, 
also a part of free agents. 

3. With respect to extension (or the quality of 
occupying space). See ExTEnsIon 7 b. 

1888 G. C. Rosertson in Mind July 423 By more complex 
efforts .. we distinguish this and that extensively within such 


'y. 

Exte‘nsiveness. [f.as prec.+ -nuss.] The 
quality or fact of being extensive. 

1, Extensive character or nature; widespread 
range ; comprehensiveness, breadth ; also, the di- 
mensions to which a thing is extended ; extent. 

1639 Sir R. Baker in Spurgeon 7veas. Dav. Ps. cxxx. 6 
Of the extensiveness [of our watching] there can be none 
[question]. 1666 J. Serjeant Let. of Thanks 99 Tradition, 
when a Heresy arises, gains more of Intensitiveness and 
vigor than it loses in it’s Extensiveness. 1726 Leoni tr. 
Alberti’s Archit, 11. 28 b, A sufficient number of Columns 
for the extensiveness of their area. 1796 Morse Amer. 
Geog. I. 260 The extensiveness of the uses to which the 
article can be applied. 1880 T. Harpy 7rumpet-Major 
III. xxxv. 127 Her interests had grandly developed .. to an 
extensiveness truly European. 

+2. The fact of being extended; wide diffusion. 

1656 Jeanes udu. Christ 215 The bounty and liberality 
of men may be disinabled, by extensivenesse unto too many. 
1 Hewson Lymph. System in Phil. Trans. LVIIL. 223 
The extensiveness of this system through so many classes of 
animals. 

+3. Capability of being extended or dilated. 

ba 4 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 30 We take notice of the won- 
derful dilatability or extensiveness of the Throats.. of Ser- 
pents. 1708 W. Kine Cookery i, What extensiveness can 
there be in their souls. 1755 in JoHNSON. 1818 in Topp. 

= EXTENSITY. 

1887 W. James in Mind Jan. 2 Extensiveness, being an 
entirely peculiar kind of feeling .. can itself receive no other 
name than that of sensational element. 

Extensor (ekste'nsa1), sd. [a. late L. extensor, 
agent-n. f. extendére to EXTEND.] 

1. A muscle which serves to extend or straighten 
out any part of the body. Opposed to flexor. 

[1706 Putturs (ed. Kersey), Extensor Digitorum Com- 
munis ..a Muscle of the Fingers.] 1713 Dreruam Phys.- 
Theol, v. ii. (1747) 286 note, The peroneus Longus helps to.. 
direct the Power of the other Extensors towards the Ball of 
the great Toe. 1748 Hartiey Observ. Man. ii. 245 The 
Limbs have both long and short Flexors and Extensors. 
1870 Rotteston Anim. Life 14 The long radial extensor 
of the metacarpus. 

2. attrib. in extensor-muscle; also extensor-sur- 
face, the surface of a bone to which the extensor 


muscles are attached. 

1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 317 The contrary takes 
place with respect to the extensor muscles. 1859 Darwin 
Orig. Spec. vi. (1878) 139 This flank membrane is furnished 
with an extensor muscle. 188x Mivarr Cat 94 Its anterior 
or extensor surface is grooved for the passage of tendons. 

Extensory (ekste‘nsori), a. rare. [f. L. type 
*extensorius, f. extendére; see EXTEND and -ory.] 
Of the nature of or tending to extension. 

1885 G. CLEVELAND in Aun. Messenger Dec., Following 
out the intimation given by me when the extensory arrange- 
ment above described was negotiated. 

|| Extensum. vare—'. [L.; neut. of extensus, 
pa. pple. of extendére to ExrEND.] An extended 
body ; a body possessed of extension. 

1678 Cupwortu /nfell. Syst. v. 825 To suppose every Soul 
to be but one Physical Minimum, or Smallest Extensum, is 
to imply ..an Essential Difference in Matter or Extension. 

+Extensure. Ods. [f. L. extens- ppl. stem 
of extendére to EXTEND +-URE. Cf, EXTENDURE.] 

a. The condition of being extended or strained. 
b. The action of stretching or spreading out; in 
quot. concr. ec, Extent. 

1594 Zepheria xxxvi. in Arb. Garner V. 84 Mistrust.. 
Hath my crime racked, yet to more high extensure. 1604 
Drayton Owle 36 A goodly Tree; Under th’ extensure of 
whose Lordly Armes, The small Birds warbled their har- 
monious Charmes. 1631 WEEvER Anc. Fun, Mon. 866 A 
smooth plaine.. some two miles in extensure, IM 

E. 


Extent (ekstent), sd. Also 5 astent. 
extente, a, AF. extente, estente (=med.L. extenta), 
fem. pa. pple. of estendre to EXTEND used subst. 
(cf. mod.Fr. é¢endue) in various senses; (1) extent in 
space, (2) superficial area, (3) valuation; f. estendre 
(FE, étendre) :—L. extendére: see EXTEND.] 

I. 1, Hist. a, The valuation of land or other pro- 
perty; esf. such a valuation made for the purpose 
of taxation; assessment ; an instance of this. b. 
The value assigned to such land or property; as- 
sessed value; = Stent. Old extent, New extent 
(see quots.). 

[1292 Britton 1. vii. § 5 La estente soit fete en ceste 


459 


manere, En primes soit enquis par serment des jurours, 
cum bien les edifices et chief maner..vaillent par an de 
cleer.] cr, R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 83 William wist of 
alle what it suld amounte, Of lordyng & of thralle pe 
extente porgh acounte. 1424 Sc. Acts Fas. J, § 10 That all 
schirefis be sworne. .that thai s-1l lelely and treuly ger this 
extent be fulfillit of all the landis and gudis. 1479 Acta 
Audit.89(Jam.) That Dauid Halyday. .sal brukand joyss the 
x§ worth of land of ald astent of Dalruskel. 1540 Act 32 Hev. 
VIII, c. 5 Such Lands. .have been by reasonable Extent to 
them delivered in execution for the satisfaction of their said 
debts, 1597 SKENE De Verb. Sign., Extent of landes, sig- 
nifies the rents, profites, and issues of the samin, quhair of 
there is twa kindes, the auld extent, and the new extent. 
Ibid. s.v. Extent, Ane vther taxation and extent was maid 
in the time of peace..quhilk therefore is called the new or 
second extent. 1682 Warsurton Hist. Guernsey (1822) 75 
The extent of the King’s revenue in the island, taken 5 Edw. 
III. 1331, gives an account ..of all the lands, rents, and 
duties belonging to the King. 1778 Pennant Tour Wales 
(1883) I. 23 [Coals] were discovered in the township. .as 
early as the time of Edward I, as appears by an extent of 
that place, in..his reign. 1872 E, W. Ropertson //7st. 
Ess. 140 The valuation of Bagimont..became the standard 
. of ecclesiastical assessment. .lay lands remaining at the 
earlier standard known..as the Old Extent. 

+e. A tax levied on such a valuation. Ods. 

1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Extent, They suld baith 
make personall service, and also pay extent or taxation. 
1746-7 Act 20 Geo. IJ, c. 50 § 2 Lands. .liable to the annual 
payment of the new extent or retour duty. 5 

2. Law. a. (In full writ of extent): A writ to 
recover debts of record due to the Crown, under 
which the body, lands, and goods of the debtor 
may be all seized at once to compel payment of 
the debt. Zxtent in aid, in chief (see quots.). 

1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Ws. 1. 911 Her small shot are 
Arrests and Actions, her great Ordnance are Extents, out- 
lawries and Executions. 1754 Fierpinc Voy. Lisbon Wks. 
1784 X. 256 He..was by extents from the Court of Exche- 
quer, soon reduced below his original state. 1817 Pard. 
Deb, 761 Extents of the Crown were formidable to persons 
who pecans debtors of the Crown. 1848 WuHarron Law 
Lex, 242/1 Extent in chief. .issues from the Court of Ex- 
chequer .. It directs the sheriff to take an inquisition or 
inquest of office, on the oaths of lawful men, to ascertain the 
lands, etc. of the debtor, and seize the same into the 
Queen’s hands. 1866 Crump Banking v. 111 A bill seized 
under an extent, for instance. 

b. Seizure of lands, etc., in execution of a writ ; 
the condition of being seized and held in satisfac- 
tion for debt, sequestration; also, the right of 
seizure ; also=ExrEcuTION 7b. In U.S. ‘A levy 
of an execution upon real estate by metes and 


bounds’ (Webster 1864). 

1sg2 West 1s¢ Pt. Symbol. § 104 c, By force of the said 
statute and extent. 1600 SHaks. 4. Y. LZ. uti. 17 Duke. 
Push him out of dores And let my officers of such a nature 
Make an extent vpon his house and Lands. 1632 Massincer 
City Madam vy. ii, An under-sheriff, who. .will serve An ex- 
tent on lords or lowns’ land. 1768 [see ExTENDED 5]. 1776 
Foote Bankrupt 11. Wks. 1799 I1. 134 They say an extent 
is brought into the house. /d7d. 138 Only an extent, to seize 
on all his effects. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 75 All such 
remedies to recover a moiety of the rent, as the cognizor 
himself might have had .. before the extent. 1867 KniGut 
Bege’d at Court iv. 66 And is it come to this! An extent in 
my house. I must get a bed and a supper at the Bolt-in- 


‘un. 
+e. ¢ransf. A predatory attack ; an assault. 

1594? GREENE Selimzus Wks. (Grosart) XIV. 196 On all the 
world we make extent. 1601 SHaks. Ted, N. 1v. i. 57 In 
this vnciuill, and vniust extent Against thy peace. 

+3. Rents, etc., arising from extended lands. 

1303 R. Brunne //andl. Syune 6076 Persones, prestes, 
pan han here rente And ouber pat han grete extente. a 1626 
Bacon Max. & Uses Com, Law (1630) 78 All the propertie 
of their Goods... Wardships and Extents. 

II. 4. ‘Space or degree to which anything is 
extended’ (J.). a. Of a material thing: The 
amount of space over which it extends; dimen- 
sions, compass, size; + a space or distance ‘taken’ 
with a pair of compasses. 

1624 [see ExTEND v, 3]. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Tvav. 60 
The greatest extent [of this Citie] from the South-east to 
North-west [is] neere three miles. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. vu. 
496 The Serpent..Of huge extent. 1680 Morven Geog. 
Rect. Introd. (1685) 6 No Country doth in all parts of its 
Territories make use of the same extent in measuring. 1720 
Ozett Vertot’s Rom. Rep. 1. 1. 6 The Power of a State 
consists not so much in its Extent, as in the Number of 
its Inhabitants. 1794 J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. (ed. 10) 
60 That extent will reach from the departure 406 to the 
distance 449 miles. =707=204 Bewick Brit. Birds (847) iG 
37 The Extent of its [the Kite’s] wings is more than five feet. 
1863 LyeLt Antig. Man 17 Such platforms must have been 
of considerable extent. 1881 Jowett Thucyd. I, 235 The 
place..was in danger of having to capitulate owing to the 
extent of the wall. 

b. Breadth of comprehension ; width of appli- 
cation, operation, etc. ; scope. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. viii. (1611) 2t In goodnesse 
..there is a latitude or extent. 1604 SHaxks. Oth. 1. iii. 81 
True, I haue married her; The verie head, and front of my 
offending, Hath this extent, no more. 1652 NEEDHAM tr, 
Selden’s Mare Cl. 108 This Law, in the extent of it, reached 
as well to forraigners, as to the King’s subjects. a@1715 
Burnet Own Time I. 285 He [Leighton] gave his vote for 
it, not having sufficiently considered the extent of the 
words. 1752 JoHnson Rambler No. 208 P 11 oever 
knows the English tongue in its present extent, will be able 
to express his thoughts. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 
376 The Act..had not defined the extent of the power which 
was to be exercised by the Sovereign. 


EXTENTOR. 


ce. Phrases: Zo a certain, great, ctc., extent, to 
the ( Sull) extent of. Hence: The limit to which 
anything extends ; ¢,g. in phr. ¢o reach the extent. 

1671 Mitton P. R. m1. 406 If 1..David’s..full Scepter 
sway... To just extent over all Israel’s sons. 1724 R 
Fatconer Adv. & Escapes (1769) 2 You know... that my 
Fortune is but small, and I living to the Extent of it. 1754- 
64 Sette Midwif. 1. 174 The patient ought ..to be 
blooded to the extent of eight or twelve ounces. 1844 JZew. 
Babylonian P’cess 11. 90 Having reached the extent of our 
intended pilgrimage. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tont's C. 
xviii. 175 Hidden things of darkness were brought to light 
to an extent that alarmed all the..powers of kitchen and 
chamber. 1866 Crume Banking viii. 165 It [silver] is a 
legal tender only to the extent of 4os. 1875 Jowrtr Plato 
(ed. 2) III. 236 He immediately becomes unjust to the full 
extent of his power. 

Logic. = EXTENSION 8 b. 

1656 tr. Hobbes’ Elem. Philos. (1839) 20 For the under- 
standing of the extent of an universal name, we need no 
other faculty but[etc.]. @1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 
620 It [Aoyos] is a Word of the same Extent with Conversa- 
tion, 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 192 Not only is the Predicate 
of the Minor the Subject of the Conclusion and of less 
Extent than its own Subject. 

5. concr. An extended space; the ‘length and 
breadth’. 

1627 Drayton Battle Agincourt xxviii, Those Territories, 
of whose large extent The English Kings were owners of 
before. 1690 Locke Hu. Und.i. i. § 24 In all that great 
Extent wherein the Mind wanders. 1697 Drypen Virg. 
Georg. 111. 531 Such an extent of Plains. .Allures their Eyes. 
1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 282 Let them see.. 
what a vast extent of land we possess. 1737 GLOVER 
Leonidas vy. 44 Th’ imperial race That rul’d th’ extent of 
Asia, 1825 Waterton Wand. S. Amer.1.i. 88 Here you 
may seea sloping extent of noble trees. 1862 Marsu Lng. 
Lang. i. 11 They occupied only a small extent of England. 

b. Something possessed of extension: see Ex- 
TENSION 7 b. 

1871 Fraser Life Berkeley x. 371 I am..independent of 
the changing tastes..and coloured or resistant extents, 
which form my transitory sense-given phenomena. 

+6. The action of extending. a. The showing 
or exercising (justice, kindness, etc.) Ods. 

1588 Suaks. 77¢t. A. iv. iv. 3 Was euer seene An 
Emperour in Rome thus ouerborne..and for the extent 
Of egall iustice, vs’d in such contempt? 1602 — //am. m1. 
li, 390 Gentlemen, you are welcom..The appurtenance of 
Welcome, is Fashion and Ceremony. Let me comply with 
you in the Garbe, lest my extent to the Players..should 
more appeare like entertainment then yours. 1635 SHIRLEY 
Royal Master 1, i, My extent in all things Is but to bid you 
welcome. 

+b. Enlargement in scope or operation. Ods. 

1657 S. W. Schism Dispach't 502 To disacknowledge such 
extents of his Authority. 1668 Howe Béess. Righteous (1825) 
58 How pleasant to think, not only of the extents, but of the 
restraints of this power. 1719 W. Woop Surv. Yrade 77 
Our Wealth [will] encrease in proportion..to the new 
Extents or Encouragements it [our trade] shall receive. 

+ Extent, a. Ods. [ad. L. extent-as, pa. pple. 
of extendére to EXTEND. ] 

1. Of the hand, etc.: Stretched out; held out. 
Of strength; Strained, exerted to the full. 

1436 Pol. Poents(1859) II. 193 Oure kynge..Wyth swerde 
drawe, bryght and extente. 1590 SrpeNseR /. Q. UL. Vi. 61 
Both his hands..Above the water were on high extent. 1664 
Flodden F. viii. 78 The Admiral with strength extent, Then 
in the field fierce fighting was. 

a. Continued or prolonged in length. b. 
Spread out in area. @. Possessed of extension. 

1432-50 tr. HZigdex (Rolls) I. 297 Burguyn is a parte of 
Fraunce Cenonense to Alpes Pirene extente allemoste. 
Lbid. 321 Where trees be extente in altitude by ac. and xlti 
foote. 1633 P. FLrercuer Purple Isl. u. v, Whose matter 
--Thro’ all the isle, and every part extent. 1641 Songs 
Costume (Percy Soc.) 171 Tell me no more that roarers waire 
Their hair extent below their ear. 1647 H. More Song of 
Soul 11. i. 1. lvi, Some be extended, others not extent. 

+ Extent, v. Ods. [f. L. extent- ppl. stem of 
extendére to EXTEND.] 

1. ¢vans. To assess, make an assessment of, for 
the purpose of taxation. Sc. = STENT. 

1424 Sc. Acts Fas. J, § 10 He sall cheiss lele men and 
discret..gif thai haif doune thair deuoir at the end of the 
taxacione ; and that alsa mony personys as may sufficiently 
extent pe cuntre. 

b. zutr. To be assessed. 

1583 in Maitland Hist. Zdix. ut. (1753) 234 The Mer- 
chand, Prenteis, and sic Kynd of People as wer wont to 
extent with them..to pay at his Entrie..Threttie Shillings, 

2. trans. To seize in satisfaction for debt. 

1664 in Rec. Soc. Lanc. & Cheshire XI. 41 Plaintiffs estate 
in Lowton and Newton ‘ extented’ upon judgments at the 
suit of defendant. 

Extention, obs. form of EXTENSION. 

+Extentionable, a. Obs.—°  [f. extention 
(see EXTENSION) + -ABLE.] = EXTENSIBLE. 

1727 BaiLey vol. II, Z-xtentionade, that may be stretched 
out large and wide. 

+ Extentive, a. Ods.rare—', [f. L. extent- 
ppl. stem of extendére to EXTEND +-IVE, Cf, Ex- 
TENSIVE.] = EXTENSIVE, 

Bg . Harrincton Prevog, Pop. Govt, 1. y. (1700) 371 
These fsa the whole Soman vous ald 

+ Extentor. Sc. Os. In5-our. [agent-n. 
f. extendére to Extend. Cf. late L. extensor.] 
* An assessor; one who apportions a general tax’ 
(Jam,) ; = STENT-MASTER. 

1424 Sc. Acts Fas, J, §'1x That the extentour salbe 


EXTENUABLE, 


sworne befor the baronys of the srefdome that thai sall do 


thar full power to pe saide extent. 
+ Extenua’ , a. Obs. rare-', [f. as if ad. 


L. *extenudbilis, f. extenudre: see EXTENUATE.] 
oo of being extenuated or made less dense. 

1662 J. CHannter Van Helmont’s Oriat. 343 Water..is a 
Body. .extenuable into a vapour. 

+ ynuant, z. Ods. rare—'. In 8 exten- 
uent. [f. L. extenuant-em, pr. pple. of extenuare: 
see next.] Extenuating. 

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 11. 65 All salts of this class are 
--resolvent, extenuent, and, in some measure, septic. 

+ Extenuate, #//. 2. and a. Obs. [ad. L. 
extenuat-us, pa. pple. of extenuare: see next.] 

a. Of the body or its parts: Shrunken, atten- 
uated ; whence, prostrated. b. Impoverished. ec. 
Of a sound: Thin, Of a quality: Diminished ; 
weakened. Ofa number: Thinned out, reduced. 

1528 Gartner in Pocock Rec. Ref. 1.1. 117 He is gy 
extenuate therewith when it [gout] cometh. 1533 in Strype 
Eccl. Mem. 1. App. xli. 107 By the same exaction of annates, 
bps. have been so extenuate that they have not been able.. 
to repair their Churches. 1 Even Decades 132 The 
number of the poore wretches is woonderfully extenuate. 
1605 Syivester Du Bartas ui. 111.1V.1153 That same Majesty 
.. Is not extinguisht nor extenuate. a 1626 Bacon New 
A tl. (1650) 31 Great sounds, Extenuate and sharpe. tr. 
Buchanan's De Fure Regni apud Scotos 9 The .. Body is 
Cured. . by nourishing that which is extenuate. 

Extenuate (ekstenizjeit), v. [f. L. extenuat- 
ppl. stem of extenudre, f. ex- (see Ex- pref.) + 
tenuis thin. Cf. F. exténuer.] 

I. To make thin, slender, or weak. 

1. trans. To make (the body, flesh, a person) 
thin or lean; to render emaciated or shrunken. 
Somewhat arch. 

1533 Evyor Cast. Helthe ui. xii. (1541) 66 Sorowe..dothe 
extenuate or make the body leane. 1650 H. Brooke Con- 
serv. Health 160 They that are fat may exercise ad Sudorem 
..and that will extenuatethem. 1669 WoopHEAD St. Teresa 
i, 282 The flesh is extenuated every day more and more. 
1717 J. Keity Anim. Oecon., (1738) 292 Bodies .. which are 
extenuated by Hunger. 1824 Soutney Bk, of Ch. (1841) 182 
It was deemed meritorious. .to extenuate it [the body] b 
fasting. 1862 CartyLe Fred. Gt. 1x. vii, Extenuated wit 
fatigues. 1887 Lecky Eng. in 18th C. V. xx. 385 Peasants 
were so extenuated by hunger that they could scarcely hold 
the spade. ; 

+ 2. To draw out to thinness; to beat (metal) 
into thin plates. Ods. 

1599 Haxtvuyt Voy. II. 1. 90 The Chinians can very cun- 
ningly beate and extenuate gold into plates and leaues. 
1603 Knottes Hist, Turks (1621) 537 The straightnesse 
of the waies enforced the Turks to extenuat their rankes. 
1655 W. F. Aleteors 164 Gold..extenuated as fine as the 
threds in the Spiders web. 1681 Grew Musaumt 1. v.85 His 
[the Sawfish’s] body behind his head becomes. . broad. .from 
bla it is again extenuated all the way to the end of his 

al. 

§ To stretch out; also zufr. ? Confused with 
extend, 

1583 Stuspes Anat, Abus. (1877) 54 Rather abbreuiat oure 
dayes by manye yeres, than extenuate our liues one minut 
ofan houre. 1601 Cuester Love’s Mart. vi. (1878) 81 The 
plaines. .Whose fertill bounds farre doth extenuate. 

To thin out in consistency, render less 
dense. 

1559 Morwyne Evomym., Moist thinges put into a body 
by the force of heate are extenuated into a vapour. 1601 
Ho tanp Pliny (1634) I. 431 To extenuate that grosse sub- 
stance into which the Oliue had turned the.. iuice and 
humor. 1638 G. Sanpys ¥06 46 He the congealed vapors 
melts againe Extenuated into drops of Raine. 1686 Goap 
Celest. Bodies 1. xii. 322 A misle of Vapour or Fume may be 
extenuated into some hundreds [of miles]. _ 1800 Vince 
Hydrostat. vii. 8: Accumulating and extenuating the air. 

+b. spec. in Med. To render thinner (the hu- 
mouts or concretions of the body, etc.) ; = ATTEN- 
UATE 2b. Obs. 

1363 Hyit Art Garden. (1593)71 The seeds doe extenuate 
and diminishe the clammy and grosse humours. 1610 Mark- 
HAM Masterp. u. clxxiii. 487 It extenuateth humors. 

absol. 1§33 Evvor Cast. Helthe (1541) 27 a, Almondes do 
extenuate and clense. 1607 TorseL. Serpents (1608) 624 
Those medicines. .which do extenuate, 

+c. To thin out (the hair, eyebrows, etc.). Ods. 

1 Lioyp ‘Treas, Health Bj, Want of theyr humours 
doth extenuat the same [hair]. 166x Lovett Hist. Anim. 
$ Min. 39 The fat..extenuateth the eyebrows. 

4. +a. To diminish in size, number, or amount ; 
to reduce to mei dimensions. Ods. 

3585 Even Decades 273 By forcible extenuatinge the 
g les and poure of them whom they desired to kepe in 
subiection. 1630 R. Yohnson's Kingd. § Commw., 22 Small 
numbers are soon..extenuated by a long warre. 1634 Sir 
T. Hersert 7rav. 205 In which Citie is a t Colossus. . 
To extenuate the bulke of this their P: , they ee him 
sitting. 1647 Srricce Anglia Rediv. mi. v. (1854) 164 
(They] were reduced to so much lesser number; and were 
yet further extenuated. y 

+b. To lessen (a quality, etc.) in degree; to 
weaken the force of (a blow), mitigate (alaw). Ods. 

156 T. Norton Calvin's Just. u. 90 We do obscure and 
extenuate it [God's grace} with our vnthankfulnesse. 1590 
Suaks, Mids, N. 1. i, 120 Else the Law of Athens yeelds you 
M4 — we may ) To death, 1598 

. Gitpin Skiad. (1878) 45 Some great sicknes.., doth .. ex+ 
tenuate Thy fraile remembrance. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power 


Parl. App. 162 Kii by Law or 
Laws. 1672 Sir T Baws Lett. Friend vi. (1881) 130 
The le state of his di might somewhat extenuate 


460 


Jour Sic: ee ete ) IIL 
100 No time extenuate our mutual 19773 
J. Ross Fratricide (MS.) 1. 53 A heaviness .. Extenuates 
wy, . . 

II. To lessen in representation. 

+5. ‘ To diminish in honour’ (J.), depreciate, dis- 
parage (a person, his actions, or attributes). Ods, 

x60r Weever Mirr. Mart. Ciijb, Extenuate no more 
worth’s matchlesse deedes. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. 
§ 3 It hath beene ordinarie. .to extenuate and disable learned 
men by the names of Pedantes. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. x. 645 
Just are thy a «-Who can extenuate thee? 1705 Sran- 
Hore Paraphr. 1. 380 The Reply he made, extenuates the 
One, when put into the Ballance with the Other. 

6. To estimate or state at a low figure; to dis- 
parage the magnitude or importance of; to under- 
rate, make light of. Somewhat arch. 

1529 More Dyaloge wu. Wks. 1218/1 With wordes and 
reasoning, to extenuate and minysh the vygour and asperite 
of the paynes. 1553 T. Wuson Rhet. 58b, In accusyng 
any persone it is t..whereas anythyng semeth to make 
for hym to extenuate the same to the outermoste. 
Norpen Sun. Dial. 34 The feare of this maketh the Tenants 
to extenuate the values. 1625-8 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. 
Iv. (1688) 626 Cuffe extenuated both the Danger and Diffi- 
culty. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. iv, Nor can we ex- 
tenuate the valour of ancient Martyrs. 1749 Frevpinc Tom 
Fones vu. xi, Every man seemed wholly bent to extenuate 
the sum which fell to his share. 1832 Lye.t Princ. Geol. 
II. 288 Extenuating the comparative magnitude of coral 
limestones. 1882 SeeLey Nat. Relig. u. i. 128 Christianity 
has never altogether denied, but only d the claims 
of Art and Science. oa 

7. esp. To underrate, treat as of trifling magni- 
tude (guilt, faults, crimes), Hence, in later use: 
To lessen, or seek to lessen, the seeming magni- 
tude of (guilt or offence) by partial excuses. Also of 
circumstances: To serve as an extenuation of. 

1570 T. Norton tr. Nowel’s Catech. (1853) 149 Let no 
man extenuate the most heinous offence of man as a small 
trespass. t Hospes Leviath. u. xxvii. 154 None that 
can Excuse (though some of them may Extenuate) a Crime. 
1693 Concreve Juv. xi. 295 Fortune, there, extenuates the 
Crime. What’s Vice in me, is only Mirth in him, 1840 
Macautay C/ive 93 The same sense of justice. .forbids us to 
conceal or extenuate the faults of his earlier days. 1871 
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 160 A baseness that we ought never 
to pardon and never to extenuate. 

q{ b. Improperly used for: To extenuate the guilt 
of; to plead partial excuses for. 

1741 MippLeton Cicero II. vit. 141 Pompey’s fate would 
extenuate the omission of that step. 1791 Mrs. Rapciirre 
Rom, Forest x, She..endeavoured to extenuate the conduct 
of Madame La Motte. 1811 Lams /mmod. Indulg. Palate 
Wks. (1889) 635 He ge <a it necessary to extenuate the 
length of time he kept the dinner on the table. 1860 A/Z 
¥. Round No. 67. 404 The purser’s steward..extenuated 
himself calmly enough. ‘ 

Extenuated (ekstenizcitéd), Ap/. a. [f. prec. 
+-ED.] In senses of the vb. a. Made slender; 
shrunken, emaciated. b. Attenuated, rarefied. 

@. 1620 Venner Via Recta ii. 36 It is.. more profitable 
for loose and extenuated bodies. 1726 Leont tr. Alberti’s 
Archit. 1. 5b, Their Faces become thin and extenuated. 
1781 Char. in Ann, Reg. 19/1 The person of Dr. Fothergill 
was of a delicate, rather of an extenuated make. 1863 
Hawtnorne Our Old Home (1879) 76 We.. are getting too 
nervous, haggard, dyspeptic, extenuated. 

b. 1661 Boyvie Spring of Air u. ii. (1662) 33 Calling this 
extenuated substance a Funiculus. 

Exte'nuating, v//. sd. [f. as prec. + -ING L 
The action of the vb. ExTenuaTE. (For quot. cf. 
sense 6 of vb.) 

1671 H. M. tr. Evasm. Collog. 397 A too sollicitous ex- 
eneting thy provision is all one as if thou should 
of it. 

Extenuating, ///. a. [f. as eeepc 2] 
That extenuates in senses of the vb. Now chiefly in 
phrase L.xtenuating circumstances ; circumstances 
that tend to diminish culpability. 

1607 Torseti. Four-/, Beasts (1673) 525 A thin extenuating 
diet. a1653 Gouce Comm. Heb. i. 2 These words. .are ex- 
tenuating words. 1655 Cutrerrer RXiverius u. i. 63 Let 
him use things extenuating, as Hysop, Fennel..and es- 
pecially Nutmeg. 1679 J. Goopman Penit. Pardoned u. ii. 
(1713) 198 It was not an extenuating but a just reflection 
which the Historian makes upon.. Alexander. oy. tb 
Burtuocce Reason 139 Its Emanation .. is from a ter 
into an Orb or Sphere, in Extenuating Lines. 17§0 tr. 
Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 98 Galen holds that it is warming 
and extenuating. 1840 Macautay C/ive 55 In Clive’s case, 


there were many 1875 Jowretr 
Plato (ed. 2) 1. 494 [Those] who have taken the life of another 


under the like g cir 

Hence Exte‘nuatingly adv., in an extenuating 
manner. 

1884 Mrs. Houstoun Caught in Snare I. xv. 171 ‘ Per- 
haps,’ said Helen, extenuatingly, ‘ she suffers.’ 

Extenuation (cksteniu,tfon). [ad. L. ex- 
tenuation-em, n. of action f. extenudre to EXTEN- 
vate. Cf. F. exténuation.] The action of exten- 
u 3 extenuated condition, 

1, The action or process of making or becoming 
thin ; an instance of this; a shrunken condition ; 
leanness, emaciation. id 

Baker Yewell of Heals This mightily helpeth 
on temans of on bs Denman pS ee 4 
¥ 39 hrm man .. had an ion for want ish 
ment in his Limbs. ape se Physic. Pulse-Watch 183 
Galen commends tepi hs for .. curing all Extenuations. 
1781 Jounson Let, Mrs, Thrale a7 Oct., The extenuation 


EXTENUE. 
is her bad symptom. Scorr Betrothed The 
Biog. in Ann. Reg. 474/2 Some pallid from extenuation, 
+ "Making Tess dense s Farefaction (ofan) 
1655-60 STANLEY . Philos. (170%. proceed 
from extenuation of the Air, by ad eon 
+3. The action or process of making slender or 
diminishing in bulk ; an instance of this. Ods. 


that penetrat 
vf 1 Br. Haut Holy O1 . 63 No lesse well doth 
take submisse extenuations of our selues. 


1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII, c. 18 The saide citie is much 
decaid.. not a 


has. J (1655) 1 The gallantry of Hi 's heroique spirit 
tended somewhat to the .. extenuation of Charles his + sa 
a Golan Serm.y (1723) 1.159What Deeds of Charity 
we have to alledge in E ion of our Punishme 
5. The action of representing (something) as 
slight and trifling ; underrating; an instance of 
this, a plea to this end ; a modification in terms. 

1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 209 Sometimes. .wee humble 
ourselves lower than there is cause..And no lesse well doth 
God take these submisse extenuations of our selves. 1621 
Burton Anat. Mel. u. i. ww. ii. 228 Through their. .extenu- 
ation [of their grievance], wretchedness and ishness 
they undo themselves. 1722 De For Plague (1840) 6 Man 
died of it every day, so that now all our extenuations aes! f 
1859 Mitt Liberty ii. (1865) 13/2 The utmost they allow is an 
extenuation of its absolute necessity. 

tb. Rhet. 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie m. xix. (Arb.) 227 We call 
him the Disabler or figure of Extenuation. 1657 J. Siti 
Myst. Rhet. 56 When for extenuation sake we use a lighter 
and more easie word or terme then the matter requires. 
1706 in Puiiiirs. 1823 in Crass Technol. Dict. 

6. The action of lessening, or seeking to lessen, 
the guilt of (an offence or fault) by alleging ial 
excuses; an instance or means of doing this; a 
plea in mitigation of censure. Also Jn extenua- 
tion of. 

165 Hosses Leviath. u. xxvii. 156 Extenuation, by 
which the Crime, that seemed great, is made lesse. @ 
Ciarennon Surv, Leviath. (1676) 180 He .. was to 
excuses and extenuations for sins. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 

7? 1 Whatever may be said for Extenuation of such 

fects. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. P 7 It may be 
urged, in extenuation of this crime..that [etc.]. 1839 Mac- 
xintosH Zth, Philos, Wks. 1846 I, 28 In extenuation of a 
noble error. @1832 Bentnam Wes. (1843) I. 174 The dif- 
ferences of castes .. furnish a copious stock of 
- to different classes of offences. _ 3 

7. U.S. Used humorously in f/. for: Thin gar- 
ments. 

1881 G. W. Casie in Scribner's Mag. May aq They 
were clad in silken extenuations from the throat to feet. 
1883 Pall Mall G. 12 Sept. 2/2 One side wore. .extenua- 
tions of a..green colour. 

Exte'nuative, a. and sd. [f. Exrenvare v. 
+ -IVE.] 

A. adj. a, Tending to makelean. b. Tending 
to extenuate (guilt), i 

1610 Barroucn Meth. Physick u. ix. (1639) 85 They have 
more need of extenuative meates then those that have the 
Pleurisie. 1827 Bentnam Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VII. 
15 Proving the existence of some justificative, or extenua- 


tive, or ptive, cir 

B. sé. a. Something serving to extenuate 
guilt, b. A medicine producing ‘ extenuation’ or 
emaciation, 

1734 Nortu Exam, uv. § ge Soon: Extenuative of 
the intended Rebellion. 1818 3, Mag. IL. 524 Bea 
little more sparing of extenuatives and soporifics. 

Extenuator (ekste'nize'ta:). [agent-n. f. L. 
extenuare: see EXTENUATE v.] One who exten- 
uates. +. One who depreciates or makes light of. 
b. One who alleges extenuating or excusatory con- 
siderations ; an apologi 


Th the +. SU) 
command to perform this slight service..might have been 
confined to the Apostles. 1869 Mozitey Univ. Serm. i. 


(1876) 15 The extenuators of the Council. 
ge Rabe (eksteniwatori), @ [ad. L. 


extenuatori-us, {. extenuadre: see EXTENUATE and 
-oryY.] Characterized by extenuation ; having the 

function or effect of extenuating. 
1807 W. Taytor in Ann, Rev. V. 172 The translation 
Croker in ‘s 


adopts an extenuatory turn. Boswell’ 
Es red an git nw OE coum oe RIV, 68 

ev. A 
Mia ceomon es ict..on Martial’s pale teuits, t 
any extenuatory mention of his 


tenue-r), ad. L. extenu-dre; see ATE.] 
trans, To make thinner. Z 

1574 Newton Health Mag. 8 The matter..which re- 
mained in the fleshe might be extenued, : 


EXTENUITY. 


+Extenwity. 00s. rare—'. [f. Exrenv-ave 
v. after TENUITY.] Extreme fineness or subtility ; 
concr. in pl. 

160r Hottanp Pliny (1634) I. 535 Making up the pour- 
fils and extenuities of his tine largutias voltus). 

Exter (eksts1), v. vare—'. [f. L. ex- out + 
ter-ra earth; on the analogy of IntER.] rans. 
To dig out of the earth. 

1835 Blackw. Mag. XX XVIII. 149 From gold mines that 
precious metal, .is exterred. 

Extercorate, var. of ExsrERcORATE. Ods. 

+ Exterebrate, v. Ods.-° [f. L. exterebrat- 
ppl. stem of exterebrare, f. ex- out + terebrare to 
bore, f. ferebra boring tool, f. ¢erére to rub.] 
trans. To bore out ; fig. ‘to search curiously ’. 

1623-6 in CockerAM. 1727 in Batvey vol. II, 

+ Exterge, v. Ols. [f. L. extergére, f. ex- out 
+ tergére to wipe off.] ¢vans. To wipe out, cleanse. 
In quots. absol. 

1657 TomLinson Renon's Disp. 38 It [sour sapour] cor- 
rodes, bites..and exterges. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 
xvi. 666 Manna. .and things that exterge without biting. 


+ Extergent, a.—° [ad. L. extergent-em, pr. 
pple. of extergére: see prec.] = ABSTERGENT. 

1706 in Puitiirs. 1727-3x in Battey vol. IT. 

+ Exterrial, a. Ods. [a. obs. F. exterial, f. L. 
exter-us outward.] Outside, external. 

1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 123 Beware. .Of the outwarde 
man exteriall. 1547 Boorpe Brev. Health Pref. 4 Sickenes 
in the exteriall partes. 

Also 6 ex- 


Exterior (ekstierioz), a. and sd. 
teryor, 6-7 exteriour. [a. L. ex/erior, compar. 
of exter-us outside. Cf. F. extérieur.] 

A. adj. 

1. Outer; pertaining to or connected with the 
outer portion or outside of anything; visible or 
perceptible on the outside; external. (In many 
uses not clearly distinguishable from the sb. used 
attrib.) 

Exterior angle (Geom.): the angle included between any 
side of a triangle or polygon and the production of the 
adjacent side ; also, an aaale included between a straight 
line falling upon two parallel lines and either of the latter 
on the outside. Exterior t polygon, screw, side, slope (see 
quots.). + Exterior epicycloid : see Evicycioiw. 

1570 Dee Math. Pref. 2 Things Naturall, of the sense 
exterior, ar hable to be perceiued. 1583 Stuspes Anat. 
Abus. (1877) 30 The sinne of the heart. .bursteth not foorth 
into exteriour action. 1602 Marston Azt, ‘ Mel. Induct., 
Frame your exterior shape To hautie forme of elate 
majestie. 1602 SHaxs. //am. 1. ii. 6 Not th’ exterior, nor 
the inward man Resembles that it was. 1 Puiturs (ed. 
Kersey), Exterior Polygon, the Out-lines of all the Works 
drawn from one outmost Angle to another. 1761 Hume 
Hist, Eng. U1. xxxii. 219 His exterior concurrence with.. 
the prosecutions. 1 TANS Elia, Diss. Roast Pig (1867) 
160 What a sacrifice of the exterior tegument! 1858 Haw- 
THORNE Fr. & Jt. Frnis. (1872) I. 47 Whose exterior front is 
covered. 1863 Mrs. C. Games Shaks. Char. xii. 300 
Beatrice possesses a fund of hidden tenderness beneath her 
exterior gaiety. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Exterior 
side, the side of an imaginary polygon, upon which the 

lan of a fortification is constructed. Zxterior slope, in 

‘ortification, that slope of a work towards the country 
which is next outward beyond its superior slope. 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 819/1 Exterior-screw, one cut upon 
the outside ofa stem or mandrel, 

+b. Concerned with externals. rare. 

msq4t Barnes Wks. (1573) 341/2, What more exteriour 
honour can you deuise then this is? and yet you doe say yt 
you honour no stockes nor stones. ages Foster in 
Life & Corr. (1846) I. 164 Why was the ewish dispensa- 
tion so strange, so exterior, so inadequate : 

2. Situated outside or without (an object); com- 
ing from without; concerned with what is without ; 
external, extrinsic. Const. 0. 

1533 Eryor Cast. Helthe u. xxiv. (1572) 38 b, The ex- 
teriour ayre which compasseth the body. 1538 STARKEY 
England \. ii, 50 Exteryor thyngys—frynds, ryches, and 
abundance of necessarys..are..requyryd. 1667 Mitton 
P.L.1x. 336 Without exterior help sustaind. 1780 CowrEr 
Table T. 247 Happiness depends..less on exterior things 
than most suppose. 1815 Jane AusTEN Emma ut. xiii. 226 
Giving penicobee of his journey and feelings. .and describ- 
ing everything exterior and local. 1834 Mrs. SoMERVILLE 
Connex, Phys. Sc. iv. (1849) 2 The attraction of a sphere 
on any exterior body. 1885 Leupesporr Cremona’s Proj. 
Geom. 219 If the conic is a hyperbola .. the centre is a 
point exterior to the curve. 

+b. Foreign. Ods. rare. 

3540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 This realme of England and 

any other exteriour potentates. 
B. sd. (Not in Johnson.) 

1. The adj. used adso/.: An exterior thing. rare 
in sing. In fl. Outside parts, features, habits, 
manners, trappings, etc. ; externals. 

1sgt Troub. Raigne K. Fohn (1611) 58, 1 speake not only 
for eies priuilege, The chief exterior that I would enioy. 
1598 SHaxs. Merry W. 1, iii. 72 She did course o’re my 
exteriors with..a greedy, intention. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud. Ep. To Rar., Discoursers, who look beyond the 
shell and obvious exteriours of things. 1712 J. HenLey Let. 
in Sfect. No. 518 Without producing a suitable Revolution 
in his Exteriors. 1784 J Barry Lect. Art i. (1848) 76 
Riches, dignities, and all..showy pompous exteriors. 

2. a. The outward surface, the outside. b. 
That which appears outside; outward aspect or 

demeanour. : 


461 


a. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth i. 3 Nor..did I 
neglect the exteriour or Surface. 1853 Sir H. Dovuctas 
Mil. Bridges (ed. 3) 28 Wooden frames, covered on the 
exterior with sheet copper. 

b. x80r Han. More Ws. VIII. 99 The engaging ex- 
terior of urbanity. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. 464 Under 
this ridiculous exterior however lay a man of much natural 
ability. 1876 MozLey Univ. Seri. xiv. (1877) 247 These 
were covered by the most pious exterior. 

Exterriorate, v. vare—'. [f. prec. + -aTE3.] 
trans. To make (something) a matter of externals. 

1871-2 H. Macmitian True Vine iv. 149 How different is 
this from the notion of those who exteriorate religion. 

Exte:riora'tion. [f. as prec. + -arI0n.] 

1. The action of making more outward. ovce- 
use, after deterioration. 

a 1831 A. Knox Revi. (1834) I. 66 To a person..much 
occupied in inward converse with God, there is something 
felt of comparative exterioration in. .the more public means. 

2. ‘The physiological cerebral act by which the 
sensation produced by an impression on any part 
of the course of a nerve is referred to its terminal 
extremity’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Exteriority (cksti>rigriti). [fas prec. +-1Ty. 
Cf. F. extériorité.] 

1. The state or fact of being outward or outside, 
or of having an external existence ; outwardness. 

1611 Cotcr., Exterieureté, exterioritie, outwardness. 1664 
H. More Myst. [nig. xvi. 56 The exteriority and palpa- 
bility of the exercise of their affections. 1803 Adin. Kev. I. 
261 Interiority and exteriority, by which is meant the dis- 
tinction of the attributes of an object as originally existing 
in itself or as acquired from without. 1836-7 Sir W. 
Hamitton Metaph. xxviii. (1859) Il. 174 The sense of touch 
by itself. .is not even cognizant of local exteriority [dr¢diches 
auseinanderseyn), 1864 WessteR, E-xteriority, surface, 
superficies. | 

3. In religious sense occas.: Devotion to the 
external instead of to the inward and spiritual. 

a 1875 Br. Forbes, (O.) And this leads on to a third point 
which hinders progress, and that is what for want of a 
better word may be termed exteriority. 1885 Bissett 
Pentateuch 311 These men of God..in the midst of a ten- 
dency to pure exteriority. : ; 

8. ‘The psychical act by which sensations are 
referred to the external world, as when an impres- 
sion on the retina is referred to an object outside 
and not to the place of sensation’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 

Exteriorization (eksti»:ridraizefan). In 
quot. exteriorisation. [f.next + -aTIon.] The 
action of exteriorizing (see next). 

1886 F. W. H. Myers in Proc. Soc. Psych. Research Oct. 
169 It was like the awakening and exteriorisation of sensa- 
tions already stored up in the organism. 

Exteriorize (ekstieridroiz), v.  [f. Exrertor 
+-IZE.] ¢rans. To make exterior; to realize (a 
conception) in outward form; to attribute an ex- 
ternal existence to (states of consciousness). 

1879 Maupsey Pathol. Mind 449 It is the unfailing ten- 
dency of the mind to project its affections outwards and to 
transfer them to objects as qualities—to exteriorise its 
states as qualities. 1890 Harper's Mag. May 821/1 His 
painting is a means of exteriorizing his conceptions. 

Exteriorly (ekstio‘riasli), adv. [f. as prec. + 
-Ly 2,] 

1. On the outside or surface; as regards the out- 
side ; superficially. 

1595 Suaks. Yohn 1. ii. 257 My forme, Which howsoeuer 
rude exteriorly, Is yet the couer of a fayrer minde. 1669 
Woovueap St. Vevesa uu. xxvi. 162 It scorched her ex- 
teriorly. 1707 Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 49 New Parts 
uniting themselves exteriourly to the former. 1791 Macir 
in PAil. Trans. LXXXI. 372 It was still white, both ex- 
teriorly and interiorly. 1879 Glasgow Herald 8 Oct., Viewed 
as a whole, whether exteriorly or interiorly the..room is a 
remarkably fine architectural production. 

2. With outward act ; as regards externals. 

15g0 Tuomas /tal. Gram., Cofto, is the worshippe or hon- 
our that is exteriourly vsed towardes God. 1626 T. H. tr. 
Caussin's Holy Crt, 269 Exteriourly applying your selfe to 
ordinary seruices. 1685 tr. Bossuet’s Doctr. Cath. Ch. 
Advt. 15 The Holy Ghost. .establishes Pastors and ‘Teachers 
to act exteriourly. 175 Cuesterr. Lett. III. ccliv. 167 
Endeavour to please every body, I mean exteriorly. 1872 
Borrow Gyfsies of Spain (ed, 2) 10t They exteriorly accom- 
modate themselves to the religion of the country. 5 

3. In an exterior position or direction ; as being 
outside something. 

1877 E. Carp Philos. Kant 1. xvii. 609 We have again 
to regard the cause, not as exteriorly related to the effect, 
but as identical with it. 1880 C.& F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 
513 Producing only 3 or 4 perfect flowers, which are 
situated exteriorly. 1882 Q. Rev. Jan. 190 Each leaf is 
drawn in exteriorly to the first one. : 

Exterminable, @. rare. [f. L. extermind- 
bil-is, £, extermindre: see EXTERMINATE and 
Ben | That may be exterminated. 

1667 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xxvii. (1713) 57 No Essence 
that 1s exterminable can be the Essence of God. 

“| Used by Shelley for ‘illimitable’. 

1813 Suettey Q. Mad. vu. 23 The exterminable spirit it 
contains Is nature’s only God. 

Exterminate (ekst5-umincit), v. Also 6-7 fa. 
pple. exterminate. [f. L. exterminat- ppl. stem 
of exterminare to drive beyond the boundaries, f. ex- 
out + ¢erminus boundary-line. Cf. F. exterminer. 

Only sense x is found in class. Lat.; the developed sense 2 
appears in the Vulgate, and in Fr.] *s 


EXTERMINATIVE. 


+1. érans. To drive, force (a person or thing) 
Srom, of, out of the boundaries or limits of (a place, 
region, community, state, etc.); to drive away, 
banish, put to flight. Also with double 007. by 
omission of from. Obs. 

1541 Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) 146 Oppression, extorcion 
.. were out of the citee of Rome. .vtterly exterminate. 1560 
Rottanp Crt. Venus i. 621 It hes..mony of life extir- 
minate. 1597 Bacon Coulers Good §& Evil vii. (Arb.) 148 
Most thinges do .. chase and exterminate their contraries. 
1653 Baxter Meth. Peace Consc. 50 Do not those men 
deserve to be exterminated the Churches. @ 1677 BARRow 
Pope’s Suprem. Wks. 1741 1. 609 They deposed, extermin- 
ated, and deprived him of communion. 1677 Hate Prim. 
Orig. Man. 1. iv. 165 Their [the Britons’] Language was 
wholly exterminated from hence with them. 1692 BENTLEY 
Sern. 6 June 27 A discovery..which alone is sufficient to 
. exterminate rank Atheism out of the World. 

2. To destroy utterly, put an end to (persons or 
animals) ; now only, to root out, extirpate (species, 
races, populations, sects, hence opinions, etc.). 

1649 A dcoran 65 Who can hinder God to exterminate the 
Messiah .. with whatsoever is in the Earth, when it shall 
seeme good tohim? 1651 Hospes Leviath. u. xxiv. 128 A 
People comming into possession of a Land by warre, do not 
alwaies exterminate the antient Inhabitants. 1705 Ar- 
BUTHNOT Coius (1727) 229 Alexander had left Grecian 
Governors and Colonies in the Indies; but they were almost 
exterminated by Sandro-cottus, 1788 Priesttey Lect. 
Hist. v. xl. 290 Clovis..exterminated all his family, lest 
any of them should be chosen king. 1860 Mottey Nether?. 
(1868) I. i. 5 The Holy League. .was to exterminate heresy. 
1868 Pearp Water-farm. xvi. 164 In the dawn of domestic 
agriculture, beasts of prey.. were exterminated. 

+3. To get rid of (a thing) ; to abolish, put an 
end to, destroy. Odés. 

1g91 SyLvesTER Due Bartas 1. vii. (1641) 63/1 Th’ one [Sab- 
bath] but a Day endures; th’ others Date Eternity shall 
not Exterminate. 1650 BuLWER Anthropomet. 158 Exter- 
minating or out-lawing their own Face, to put on another. 
1691 Ray Creation (1714)38Who endeavour to. .evacuate and 
exterminate this Argument. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 
92 A remorse that stung his conscience and exterminated 
his peace. 

+b. Alath. To get rid of (an unknown quantity, 
etc.); =ELIMINATE. Ods. 

1743 W. Emerson /luxions u. iii. 139 By help of the 
Equation of the Curve, exterminate + or out of the 
yt 


Quantity 1786 SAUNDERSON Jleth. Flavions 159 Vo 


exterminate the impossible Quantity in the Denominator. 
1827 Hutton Course Math. 1. 246 By adding or subtracting 
them [equations]. .one of the letters may be exterminated. 

Hence Exte‘rminated f//. a. Exterminating 
vol. sb. Exterminating ///. a. 

1694 tr. AZilton’s Lett. State 19 May an. 1655, We believe 
it to be the general Interest of us all.. to relieve our exter- 
minated and indigent Brethren. 1813 Q. Kev. IX. 341 The 
exterminated nations..deserved the vengeance of a moral 
governor by their idolatry and depravity. 1664 H. Morr 
Myst. Inig. 274 The exterminating of Idolattry out of the 
empire. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety vi. 120 Unlucky vices, on 
whom the exterminating lot hapned to fall. 1796 Cotx- 
RIDGE Ode Departing Year, The exterminating fiend is fled, 
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. ii. 33 The last exter- 
minating conquest waged. .against the Britons. 

Extermination (ekstdminé'jon), Also 5 
-mynacion, 6 -minatione. [ad. L. extermindtion- 
em, n. of action f. extermindre : see EXTERMINATE. ] 
The action of exterminating. 

+1. Expulsion from the bounds or limits of a 
country, state, or community; an instance of this; 
banishment, excommunication. Ods. 

*877 Dee Relat. Spirits 1.(1659) 430 The Lord Rosenberg 
..did .. advise the Emperour of his error committed in our 
extermination. @1626 Bacon Holy War Wks. 1740 III. 
542 Displanting and extermination of people. 1641 Vind. 
Smectymnuus 1x. 104 All the important businesse of the 
Church, whether censures or exterminations. 1660 Brount 
Boscobel 11. (1680) 33 His Majesties sufferings and forced ex- 
termination. 1664 H. More Myst. /nig. 272 ‘The slaughter 
of the Beast, or extermination of him out of Being. 


2. Putting an end to, total extirpation; utter 


destruction. 

1849 Compl. Scot. vii. 68 To succumb ei haistylye, in the 
maist extreme exterminatione. 168r in Somers 7racts II. 
152 Forcible pursuit against such persons, to the utter ex- 
termination of them. 1790 Han. More Relig. Fash. World 
(1791) 140 The almost total extermination of religion. 1794 
S2 WituaMms Vermont 160 The savage aims at the utter 
extermination of his — 1803 Med. Frnt. 1X. 540 The 
Jennerian Society for the Extermination of the Small-pox. 
1862 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. Ing. Il. iv. 141 One species 
prospers and multiplies by the extermination of another, 
1867 Drutscn Rem. (1874) 8 A new decree for the exter- 
mination of the Talmud. 


8. Math. =ELIMINATION 4. 

1753 in Cuambers Cycl. Supp. 1784 WARING in Phi, 
Trans. UXXIV, 411 The extermination of all the terms, 
1827 Hutton Course Math. 1. 256 note, Cubic equations .. 
may usually be reduced to quadratics, by extermination. 

4. Usedas = TrrMINATION; ending; decay. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xxii. (1890) 80. The owle[’s]..song 
termyneth in pyetous extermynacion. 1 Compl. Scot. i. 
20 Siklyik lordschips ande digniteis hes incressing, declina+ 
tione, ande exterminatione. 

Exterminative (ekst3-mineltiv), 2. [f. Ex- 
TERMINATE +-IVE.] Tending to exterminate. ; 

1884 Pall Mail G. 2 Apr. 5/1 [She] writes inflammatory 
odes about ‘hunting the savage’..we scarcely seem to 


appreciate either her exterminative or her literary ‘ gifts”. » 


EXTERMINATOR. 


Exterminator (eksts-imine'tos). [a. L. ex- 
terminator, agent-n. f. extermindre: see EXxTER- 
MINATE.] One who or that which exterminates, 
destroys, or puts an end to. 

1611 Cotcr., Exterminateur, an exterminator, banisher ; 
destroyer. 1732 Hist. Litt. I1{. 289 He made such a 
dreadful havoc of the Spaniards, that he was very justl 
surnamed the Exterminator. 1858 Buckie Civiliz. (L), 
Simon de Montfort, the exterminator of the Albigenses. 


Extermina (ekstS-aminita:ri), a. [f. Ex- 
TERMINATE + -ORY.] Tending to extermination ; 
characterized by attempts at extermination. 

1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 207 This exterminatory war. ¢1795 
— Let. to R. Burke Wks. IX. 444 Those terrible, confisca- 
tory, and exterminatory periods. 1863 Mrs, C. Crarke 
Shaks. Char. xvi. 393 That exterminatory code which 
hitherto had kept them in abeyance. 

Exterminatress (ekstS:1mine'trés). [f. Ex- 
TERMINATOR +-ESS.] A female exterminator. 

1891 Sat, Rez, 12 Sept. 289/2 Miss Ormerod, the exter- 
minatress of insects. ; 

Exterminatrix (eksts::minétriks). [a. L. 
*exterminatrix, fem. of EXTERMINATOR.] = prec. 

1880 Daily News 3 Hew. 7 She is .. less of an exter- 
minatrix than the exasperat ple represent her to be. 

+ Exte‘rmine, v. Obs. [ad. F. exterminer, 
f. L. extermindre: see EXTERMINATE.] 

1, =ExrerMinaTE 1. Const. from, out of. 

1634 Heywoop Witches of Lanc. w. Wks. 1874 IV. 228 
Thou had'st extermin’d Thy selfe out of the blest society 
Of Saints and Angels. 1637 — Royal Ship 42 This word.. 
was absolutely extermin’d and excommunicated from all 
grammaticall construction. 

2. =EXTERMINATE 2, 3. 

1539 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. iii. 172 By fyer & 
sworde to extermyn & vtterly to destroy the hole nacion. 
1563-87 Foxe A. § AZ. (1596) 181/2 Roger bishop of Salis- 
burie. . was. .miserablie, but iustlie, extermined. 1600 SHaks. 
A. Y.L. um. v. 89 Your sorrow, and my griefe Were both 
extermin’d. 1632 Lirncow 7yrav. yu. 331 To extermine 


thei wer. ae ; 

of Exterminion. Chiefly Sc. Ods. Also 6 
extermynion, 6-7 exterminioun. [after L. type 
*exterminion-em, f. extermin-dre: see EXTERMIN- 
ATE, Cf. opinion-em, f. opinari. Late L. had 
exterminium in same sense.] Extermination. 

1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref 1.1. 105 The exter- 
mynion of the emperors army. 1582-8 Hist, James VI 
(1804) 207 For punishment ee utter exterminion of these. 
1629 SymMER Sir. Poste 1. iii. 12 The bleare eye of carnall 
reason could not see any issue, or way to escape that im- 
minent exterminion. 16.. Sc. Acts Chas. I (1814) V. 309 
(Jam.), Thair is nothing les intendit againes this. .kingdome 
nor ane uttir exterminioun and totall destructioun. 

Extern (eksts-m), a. and sé. Forms: 5-7, 
externe, 6- extern. [ad. L. extern-us outward, 
f. exter outside. Cf. F. externe.] 

A. adj. 

1. Pertaining to or connected with the outside; 
outwardly perceptible ; consisting in outward acts ; 
pertaining to the outward form ;=ExTERNAL A. 1 
and 2. Now only foet. (rare). 

1537 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. App. lxxxviii. 240 At that 
time it was necessary to have extern gifts. 1640 Howett 
Dodona's Gr. (1645) 68 If the Almightie would assume a 
visible externe shape. 1666 G. Harvey Morb. Ang. vi. 63 
The Lungs. .{are] very much exposed to extern and intern 
injuries. 1678 Gate Crt. Gentiles I11. 145 The externe act. 
1683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 78 The.. 
extern exertions of the..visibl form of som Persons. 1882 
M. Arnotp in 19¢h Cent. Jan. 8 Pullulating rites externe 
and vain. 

quasi-adv. ax184§ Hoop Lamia iv. 90 Women —fair 
externe, But viperous within. i ; 

2. Situated outside, not included within the 
limits of, the object under consideration ; = EXTER- 
NAL A. 3. Const. fo. Now chiefly oet. 

1598 Barcxtey Felic. Man 1. (1603) 59 O man.. that 
troublest thy selfe with externe things. 1642 Howe.t For. 
Trav. (Arb.) 70 Nor are the observations of the Eye any 
thing profitable, unless the Mind draw something from the 
Extern object to enrich the Soul withall. 1649 J. Eccrrs- 
ton tr. Behmen’s Epist. ii, (1886) 8 The visible world being 
a eras or extern birth. 1854 Frud. Roy. Agric. Soc. 
XV. 276 Materials altogether extern to an animal..are made 
to contribute to the maintenance of its life. 1868 Browninc 
Ring § Bk, 1x. 88 Your artist. .broods..away from aught 
vulgar and extern On the inner spectrum. 

sol, Mrs. Browninc Poems II. I feel the 
externe and insensate —* On my organized clay. 

+b. Situated in or belonging to foreign coun- 
tries ;= EXTERNAL 3 b. Obs. 

1543 Grarton Contn. Harding 573, 1 shuld desire the 
helpe of externe nacions and countrees. @1§77 Sir T. 
Smirn Commu, Eng. (1633) 225 Souldiers. .when they have 
no externe service. .to occupie their busie heads and s. 
meg Answ, Discov. Romish Doctrine 48 Any externe 
Prelate, Papaya Handsom. vii. 83 Those things of 
extern mode and fas! i f 

¢c. Not belonging to a specified community; that 
isa non-member. Cf, B. 2a. 

1866 Clerical Fru. 7 June 548/1 The matter .. affecting 
the con ion alone, he put it to the sense of extern 
visitors who might be present, not to claim a hearing. 

3. Coming from without, having an outside 
origin; = EXTERNAL A, 4. Now rare. 

1533 BeLLenpen Livy 1. (1822) 30 The faderis began to 
haif grete fere .. traisting sum extern and uncouth violence 
of divers cieteis, a1617 P. Bayne On Eph, (1658) 116 No 


462 


extern help can make us bring forth good fruit. c 1645 
Howe t Lett. II. (1650) 103 It consisted in extern me- 
chanicall artifice only. 1799 Lame Yohn Woodvil m1, Having 
a law within .. He cannot..be bound by any Positive laws 


or ordinances extern. 7 . A 
+b. Zaw. Not essential, accidental; in phr. 
Extern adjunct. Obs. 

1592 West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 36 G, Externe Adiuncts be 
those..in the contract, that may also be absent from it, but 
in it only when it so Bacon Ad?, 
Learn. u. xxii. § 5 Which are inherent and not externe. 

4 

+1. Outward appearance, exterior. Ods. rare. 

¢ 1600 Suaxs. Sonn, cxxv, Wer't ought to me I bore the 
canopy, With my extern the outward honoring? 

2. An outsider; one who does not belong to or 
does not reside in an establishment or institution : 
a. gen. Also a foreigner ; formerly, + one of col- 
lateral descent. b. A dh iyo in a school (Fr. 
externe); also attrib. c. In hospitals (see quot. 
1860). d. In monastic use. 

a. ¢1610 Women Saints 30 Being no Romane, but an 
externe and a Barbarian. 1666 J. Serjeant Let. Thanks 


97 Not by Lineall Descendents..but a few Externs, 1823 | 


G. Dartey Lett. Dramatists in Lond. Mag. -» Joanna 
Baillie and young Beddoes, a female extern and a freshman. 
1834 H. O'Brien Round Towers [rel. 52 The bungling of 
natives and the claims of externs. 1839 ‘raser’s ps 
XIX. 170 It would be worth gold .. to any unlucky extern 
this pinching night. 

b. 1848 , epee Van. Fair \ii, An extern school 


grew round the old..foundation. 1853 C. Bronte Villette | 


viii, The externes or day-pupils exceeded one hundred in 
number, 1890 Q, Rev. July 86 At the collége Mazarin... 
he followed [the courses] as an extern. 

c. 1860 Mayne Exf. Lex., Extern, applied to patients, 
of hospitals, dispensaries, etc. who are not inmates ; to out- 
patients ; also to the assistants, dressers, etc. who attend 
such or who do not dwell in the institution. 

attrib, 1881 Encycl. Brit. X11. 302 s.v. Hospital, The 
‘extern maternity ’ charities. 

d. cx610 Women Saints 169 Greate companies of kins- 
folkes, friends, and externes compassed her all-aboute. 
1870 Contemp, Rev. XV. 590 If there were not some per- 
son representing the outer world, some extern, as the 
Catholics would say. 1887 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 32/2 
No sister should seek advice of any extern without. .leave. 

Hence + Exte'rnly adv., outwardly, on the out- 
side. 

1568 Apr. Parker Corr. (1852) 325 Nothing hath chanced 
externly to her Majesty wherein her prudence shall be more 
marked, 1591 Sytvester Du Bartas 1. iii. (1641) 28/1 Or 
stately Toombs, externly gilt and garnisht With dust and 
bones inwardly fill’d gad (arnt 

External (ekstd-n4l), @. and sé. Also 6-7 
externall. [f. L. extern-us outward (see Ex- 
TERN @.) + -AL.] 

A. adj. (Opposed to znternal.) 

1. Situated or lying outside; pertaining to, or 
connected with, the outside or outer portion of 
anything. x/ernal angle: one made by produc- 
ing outwardly a side of a figure, Lxternal con- 
tact: (see quot. 1867), 

1sgt Suaks. 1 //ex. V/, vy. v. 3 Her vertues graced with 
externall gifts. 1606 — Ant. § Cl. v. ii. 349 If they had 
swallow’d poyson, 'twould appeare By externall swelling. 
1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. vii. 163 Externall I call 
those parts which are without the Spheare it selfe. 1706 
Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), External angles. 1796 Hutton 
Math, Dict. s.v. Angle, The external angle of a triangle is 
equal to both the internal opposite ones taken together. 
1834 M«Murrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 227 Having those 
organs free on the external edge. 1840 LarpNner Geom. 83 
All the external angles of the Rolygon must also be equal to 
four right angles. 1842 E. Witson Anat, Vade-m. 335 
The External or Cellular coat is dense and resisting. 186 
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., External contact, in a transit of 
Mercury or Venus over the sun’s disc, this expression means 
the first touch of the planet's and sun’s edges. before any 
part of the former is projected on the disc of the luminary. 
1870 Bentiey Bot, 58 External Glands may be..divided 
into stalked..or not stalked. 

b. Anat. Of veins, nerves, etc.: Lying towards 
the outer surface of the body. 

1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. or gy eis descending 
branches..are four or five in number. .furnishing to the 
same parts an equal quantity of twigs. 1842 E, Witson 
Anat. Vade-m. 342 The External Jugular Vein. /did. 418 
The External Cutaneous Nerve. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. 
Surg. 1. ;? The external meatus. 

c. Of remedies, treatment, etc.: Outward, ap- 
plied to the exterior of the body. 

1706 in Puitwirs (ed. Kersey), External Digestives are 
such as ripen a Swelling or breed good and ble Matter 
in a Wound, and prepare it for Mundification be panne 4 
x Med, Yrnd. 1, 300 He recommends external warm 
.-but not internal stimulants. 1842 Lane Arad, Nts, 1. 87 
This man hath me by an external 1851 
Carrenter Man. Phys. 72 The application of external heat. 

2. Pertaining to the outward or bodily form as 
Ne to the inner nature or spirit; outwardly 

ible or perceptible ; consisting in outward acts 
or appearances, 

1556 Calvin's Bk. Com. Prayer in Phenix (1708) 11. 233 
The external Face of the same is polluted. 1564 Brief 
Exam. C ij, The externall partes of the sacramentes. 1647 
H. More Song of Soul u. 1. wt. xxviii, They .. Appear in 
thickned Aire with shape externall. a 1699 StiuinGrt, (J.), 

of idolatry is as 
736 Butter Anad. u. i, Wks. 1874 1. 167 
iT 779-81 Jounson L. P., 


Milton Wks, U1, igion. .will glide. .out of the 

to worship. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 120 The 
nal qualities of this striking st 

3. Situated outside, not included within the limits 
of, the object under consideration. Const. Zo. 


ving no externall 

thing to loose But the Maid. 1801 Med. Fru. XX1. 
external air. 1865 Lecxy Ration. (1878) I. 359 All 

4 tie 7 


who were external to Christianity were 
damnation. 3885 Leupesporr Cremona’s Proj. Geom. 209 
F and G are external to the conic, : 

+b. Situated in or belonging to foreign coun- 
tries; foreign. Ods. 

1577-87 Howinsnen Scot. Chron. (1805) Il. 54 Singular 
prowesse shewed by him (in external battell). 1599 Li/e Sir 
7. More in Wordsw. Ecc. Biog. (1853) II, 96 His external 
friends were these : Budxus a French etc, 

c. Metaph. Belonging or pertaining to the 
world of things or phenomena, considered as 
outside of the perceiving mind. Zxternal world: 
the pay of objects existing outside the conscious 
subject ; the objective world; the ‘non-ego’. 

1667 Mitton P. L, v. 103 All External m= ich the 
five..senses represent. 1762 Kames Elem. Crit. (1855) 11 
Nothing external is perceived till it first makes an impres- 
sion, x x Jounson L. P., Milton Wks. U1. 95 The 
knowledge of external nature. 1884 tr. Lotze’s Metaph. 445 
Our mental life is aroused anew at every moment by sensa- 
tions which the external world excites. 

4. Arising or acting from without, originating from 
something outside. Zxternal evidence: evidence 
derived from circumstances or considerations out- 
side or independent of the thing discussed. 

16st Hosses Leviath. u. xxix. 167 Not by externall 
violence, but intestine disorder. 1695 oopwarp Nat, Hist. 
Earth v. § 5 (1723) 255 These Shells .. being .. exposed. .to 
many external Accidents are .. worn, fretted, and broken 
to Pieces. 1747 Westey Prim. Physic (1762) p. iv, Without 
the Aid of external Violence. 1812-6 PLayrair Nat. Phil. 
(1819) I. 43 The motion of a body..must be ascribed to the 
action of an external cause or force. 1814 CuaLmers Evid. 
Chr. Revel. Advt. 5 The external testimony of Christianity 
.. leaves infidelity without excuse. 1836 J. Giteert Chr. 
Atonem., v. (1852) 124 The idea that the punishment of sin 
is solely some external evil brought upon us. 1868 GLap- 
STONE Men. Mundi i. (1870) 20 The external evidence to a 
contrary effect .. is considerable. 

5. Connected with, or having reference to, what 
is outside ; having an outside object or sphere of 
operation. L£xternal perception: the perception 
of external objects, as opposed to z#ternal Page 2 
ion, the perception of what takes place within t 
mind. So £xternal senses. 

18: Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxii. (1859) I]. 43 As 
ete Acguisitive] faculty is again subdivided into two, 
according as it is conversant either about the phenomena 
of matter or about the phenomena of mind, the non-ego or 
the ego, I gave precedence to the former of these,—the 
faculty known under the name of External Perception. 
Mod., It is necessary to consider the subject in its external 
relations. ‘The external affairs of the society were managed 
by the pore : ¢ yi 

b. spec. Having reference to dealings with 
foreign countries. 

1770 Burke Pres, Discont. Wks. 1842 I. 139 The persons 
now in the external administration. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly 
Notes 138/2 The external debt of the Republic of Chili. 

B. sé. 

1. sing. The outside; the exterior. 

1792 Munchausen's Trav. xxii. 95 The external of the 
chariot. 1814 Sourney Roderick x. 202 Deformity and 
hollowness beneath The rich external. 

2. That which is external. In g/. a. Outward 
features or aspect ; bodily qualifications ; outward 
ceremonies or observances. b. Things lying out- 
side or distinct from a person or object ; external 
or outward circumstances or conditions ; also, non- 

oo Fi Reg. (Arb. A 

a a Naunton Fragm. . (Arb) 15 A time in 

which i externals) she was fall blown. @ 1662 GAUDEN 


externals and much of the reality of constitutional govern- 
ment. 

b. Gaute Magastrom. 80 Why should the ts 
nny eg 
had none upon the internalls and essentialls? | 1661 Lovett 
Hist. Anim. & Min, 431 Fractures. .are divisions of 
caused by externals violently forced on them. 1676 HaLe 
Contempht. 280 Such a state of externals as might be suitable 

and nature of my condition in this life. 1734 
in — = not place 
I concluding 

u to essentials, 


to the ex’ 
Pore Zss. Man w. 66 God 
Content. Athenaum 10 Feb, 
remarks on.. me ee of ext ] 
Exte'rnalism. [f. prec. + -1sM. 
1. Excessive regard for what is pe the 
neglect of what is essential, esp. in jan 
ee thy ae sates ata eed as 
R, A. i ic vi. ii. 15) e 
despotic ‘externalism of the time, 307 Maa: Cunsuxs. in 


ee ee a a ee 


Se 


‘tated tt tial nats 


EXTERNALIST., 


Sunday Mag.May 506 Pharisaic formalities and externalisms. 
1879 Farrar St, Pazd 11, 265 Christianity might be frittered 
away into a troublesome and censorious externalism, 

2. The worship of the external world. 

1874 Biackiz Sed/cult, 11 This is the very madness of 
externalism, 


Exte‘rnalist. [f. as prec. +-1st.] One who 


has undue regard for externals. 

1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 770 The Pharisaic conceit of 

the externalist. | 
rnality (ekstomeliti), [f. as prec. + 
-1ty.] The quality of being external. 

1, a. The quality of displaying itself in external 
forms. b. The quality of being ‘all on the out- 
side’; superficiality, hollowness. e@, The condi- 
tion or fact of being outside another object, or of 
being an outsider. d. The quality of operating 
or striving to operate from without. 

a. 1673 H. More Aff. Antid. 23 Worship, in the natural 
externality thereof. 1836 Hare Guesses (1859) 72 [In France] 
the externality of the classical spirit has worn away into 
mere superficiality. 

1684 H. More Answ. Remarks Exp. Apocal. 243 If 
that Externality or Superficiality were aimed at. 1856 
Emerson Eng. Traits vi. 115 There is a prose in certain 
Englishmen, .a knell in the. .externality of their voice. 

ce. 1877 Huxtey Anat, nv. Anim. viii. 473 In relation 
to the body of the animal, all ligaments are external, and 
their internality or externality is in respect of the hinge line 
. along which the edges of the valves meet. 1881 Echo 1 July 
1/6 The pes of ignorance or of externality. .cannot possibly 
be urged against one who has been the very foremost and 
most trusted champion of the system. 

d. 1857 M. Pattison ss. (1889) II. 255 Its [the New 
Lutheran Orthodoxy’s] whole principle is that of the extern- 
ality of the Christian Institute. 

2. Metaph. The quality or fact of being external 
to a perceiving subject; the fact of belonging to 
the external world, or having an existence in 
space. 

a@1790 Apa Smitu Ess. Philos. Subjects (1795) 198 Pres- 
sure or resistance necessarily supposes externality in the 
thing which presses or resists. 1846 Mitt Logic 1. vii. $3 
While looking at a solid object they cannot help having the 
conception, and..the momentary belief of its externality. 
1871 Fraser Life Berkeley iii, 62 The scientific world was 
preparing for that reconstruction of its conception of what 
sensible things and externality mean. 

3. a, An external object; an outward feature 
or characteristic. b. collect. Outward things in 
general ; an outward environment or observance. 

1839 J. Rocers Axtipopopr. xviii. § 3. 346 A huge bulk of 
trifling ceremonial and idle externality. “a 1853 Ropertson 
Serm. Ser, tv. xxvi. (1876) 288 The externalities of it may 
seem to be joy and brightness, but in the deep beneath there 
is astern aspect. 1867 J. H. Stiruine in Fortn. Rev. Oct. 
385 So uneasy an externality, of which he is himself the 
powerless and apprehensive centre. 187x Miss Mutocx 
fair France 13 All these are sensuous externalities. 1874 
Carrenter Ment, Phys. 1. i. § 10 (1879) 11 Force being that 
externality of which we have the most direct. .cognizance. 

4. Absorption in externals. 

1833 Lams dia Ser. 1. Product Mod. Art, Deeply cor- 
porealized, and enchained hopelessly in the grovelling fetters 
of externality, must be the mind, to which [etc.]. 1860 
Emerson Cond. Life, Worship Wks. (Bohn) Il. 397 What 
proof of infidelity like .. the externality of churches that 
once sucked the roots of right and wrong ? 

xternalization (ekstd:maloizzi-fon). [f. next 
+-ATION.] The action or process of externalizing ; 
an instance of this ; also concv. an embodiment. 

1803 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XIV. 491 As atelescope 
is a copy or externalization of ‘the process of vision; so 
written language may be a copy or externalization of the 
process of thinking. 1855 Fraser's Mag. LI. 379 The ex- 
ternalisation of the will, 1877 Mattock New Republic iw. 
i, II. 127 Such a city.. would be the externalisation of the 
human spirit in the highest state of development. 

Externalize (ekstd-malsiz), v. Also 9 ex- 
ternalise. [f. EXTERNAL + -1ZE.] ‘vans. To 
make external; to embody in outward form; to 
give or attribute external existence to; to treat 
as consisting in externals, 

1852 Moret tr. Tennemann's Hist. Philos. 29 His fancy 
externalizing the divinations of his reason. 1875 Symonps 
Renaiss. Italy I, i. 30 This high political abstraction, latent 
in Christianity. .was externalised in the French Revolution. 
1877 E. Carp Philos. Kant u. x. 427 The universe is the 
process seetans spirit externalises itself. 1884 Chicago 
Advance 14 Feb., The more ancient mistake has been to 
externalize religion too much. 

Hence Externalized f//, a. Exte‘rnalizing 
vl. sb., the action of the vb. EXTERNALIZE. 

1865 Masson Rec, Brit. Philos. 98 The externalizing of 
one’s own thoughts. 1876 Farrsarrn in Contemp. Rev. June 
135 Creation is the evolution of deity, man externalized God. 
1886 Gurney Phantasms of Living 1, 186 Divides the cases 
[of telepathy] into two great families—those (A) where the 
impression is sensory or externalised, and those (B) where it 
is not sensory or externalised. 


Externally (eksts-mili), adv. 
-LY?,] In an external manner. 

1. On or with regard to the outside or outer sur- 
face ; outwardly ; by external application. 

1767 Goocu Treat.. Wounds 1. 185 There is not yet any 
appearance of swelling externally. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. 
xi. (ed. 2) 202 The cavities of the body are so configurated 
as externally to exhibit the most exact correspondency of 
the opposite sides, 1812 Foster in Life § Corr. (1846) IL. 
Ixxxviii. 432 Distinguished externally by wig and gown. 
1838 T, THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 442 This butter is 


[f. as prec. + 


463 


employed onthe continent in medicine, and always extern- 
ally. 1875 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. x. (ed. 5) 157 The at- 
titude of the Roman Church to the imperial power .. was 
externally respectful. p . A 

2. In an outside position, outside; with regard 
to what is outside; by external agency; so as to 
produce external effects. Zo operate externally: 
to produce effects outside of oneself. Zo marry 
externally; to marry out of the family or com- 
munity (rare). 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. xi. (1611) 33 All things. .receive 
externally some perfection from other things. 1649 JER. 
Taytor Aol, ore §126. 8x Those holy incitements to 
vertue and good life, which God's spirit ministers to us 
externally, or internally. 1718 Fippes 7heol. Sec. I. 1. 
u. vi. 98 If he had never proceeded to make anything or to 
operate externally. 1844 M. HENNELL Soc. Systems 51 When 
they marry externally .. the community portions them in 
ready money. 

+ Externalness. Obs. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 
The fact, condition, or quality of being external ; 
outwardness or formality (of religious observances). 

1667 H. More Div. Dial. v. xi. (1713) 442 But Carnality 
and Externalness, especially after the Reign of Constantine, 
quickly over-ran all. 1727 in Battery vol. II. 1775 in As. 

|| Externat (cksterna). [F. externat, f. externe 
day-scholar : see EXTERN sd. 2b.) A day-school. 

1853 C. Bronte Villette viii, The establishment was both 
a pensionat and an externat. 

Externate (ekstame't), v. rare. [f. EXTERN 
+-ATE3,] ¢rans. To embody in outward form. 

1890 tr. P/letderer’s Devel. Theol.73 The idea externates 
itself, 

Hence Externa‘tion, outward embodiment. 

1845 Cp.. Wiseman Fabiola (1855) 347 The externation 
of His Wisdom. 1862 F. Hatt Hindu Can. of Drama- 
turgy (1865) 6 Pantomime, grounded on externation of the 
feelings. 1876 M. Davies Unorth. Lond, 250 The extern- 
ation of religion was especially necessary. 

+ Externe, v. Ols.rare—'. [f. med. L. extern- 
are to make external, f. extern-us outward: see 
prec.] ¢rans. (in quot.) To alienate. 

c1420 Pallad. on Hush, x. Epil. 215 Yf synne in oure 
entente hem noldeexterne. 

Externity (cksts-miti). Also 8 externeity. 
[f. as prec. +-1TY.] The quality or state of being 
external or outward, outwardness; also quasi- 
concr, the external part or characteristics. 

1713 A. Cottier Clavis Univ. i. 1o The seeming extern- 
eity of a visible object, isno argument of its real externeity. 
1767 H. Brooke fool of Qual. (1770) V. 216 ‘The In- 
ternity of his ever-living light kindled up an Externity of 
corporeal irradiation. 1836 Blackw. Mag. XXXIX. 359 
For what a man may do or suffer. .so far as his externity is 
concerned, I care not. . 

Externization (ekstd:maizéifon).  [f. next + 
-ATION.] Theaction of externizing ; in quot. concr. 
the outward or objective manifestation. 

1841-4 Emerson F'ss., Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 159 The Uni- 
verse is the externization of the soul. R 

Externize (ekstd-noiz), v. [f. Extern + -128.] 
trans. To embody in an outward shape or form; 
= EXTERNALIZE. 

1836 Emerson Nat., Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 170 The 
laws of his [man’s] mind..externized themselves into day 
and night. 1875 Wxitney L2fe Lang. xiv. 304 Our inner 
consciousness is externized. 

+ Evxterous, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. exter out- 
ward + -ous.] Outward, outside ; far removed, 

1570 Levins Manip. 225 Exterouse, exterus. 1647 H. 
More Song of Soul u. iii. ut. Ixiii, When in her full, She 
seemeth least; which proves she’s exterous Beyond the 
Sunne, and further off doth roll. 

Exterraneous (ekstérzin/os), a. [f. late L. 
exterrane-us (f. ex- out + terra land) + -ous.] Of 
or pertaining to a foreign country. ; 

1656-81 in BLount Glossogr. 1730-6 in Baitey (folio), 1832 
in Wessrer; and in later Dicts, ; 

Exterrestrial (ekstére'strial), a. [f. Ex- 
pref + TERRESTRIAL.] Originating or located 
outside the earth, Cf. extra-terrestrial: see 
Extra- pref. 

1870 Proctor Other Worlds xii, 279 The light of this 
nebula, unlike any other ex-terrestrial light. 1871 — Light 
Sc. (1879) 110 Ex-terrestrial observers, such as these, may 
know much more, : i 

Exterritorial (cksteritdoridl), a. [f. Ex- 
pref + TERRITORIAL ; after next.] Of or pertain- 
ing to exterritoriality. 

1880 in Ociviz. 1892 Law Times XCII. 392/1 To those 
who .. administer exterritorial laws, this book will be of 
great use. 

Hence Exterrito‘rially adv., beyond the limits 
of ‘ one’s” own territory. 

1853 /raser’s Mag. XLVIII. 124 The moment she [France] 
proceeds exterritorially..that moment she throws down the 
gauntlet of defiance to all Europe, * 

xterritoriality (eksterit6erijeliti), [ad. 
F. exterritorialité (in Littré) ; see prec. and -1ry.] 
The condition of being considered outside the ter- 
titory of the state in which (a person) resides, and 
therefore of not being amenable to its laws. Also 
EX?TRATERRITORIALITY, 

The privilege of exterritoriality belongs by international 
law to ambassadors and their families ; stipulations accord- 
ing it to various other classes of persons have been granted 
by certain Asiatic powers in treaties with European nations. 


EXTINCT. 


(1756 Rornerrortu Justitutes 11, 1, ix. § 20. 603 That as 
by one fiction of positive law an ambassador is considered 
as the representative of the nation which sends him, so by 
another like fiction of the same law he is considered as if he 
was out of the territory, though he is in it.] 1836 WHEATON 
Internat, Law 1. 273 The fiction of exterritoriality has 
been invented, by which the minister though actually in a 
foreign country, is supposed still to remain within the 
territories of his own sovereign. 1859 Zimzes 17 Mar. 5/2 
The system of exterritoriality which Christian nations have 
deemed it necessary for the interests and protection of their 
subjects to establish in China, 1878 W. B. Lawrence V. 
Amer, Rev. CKXVII. 40 The United States courts have 
always been scrupulous in recognizing the exterritoriality of 
public ships. at/7id, 1887 H. Knottys Life in Fapan 317 
‘That everlastingly sore point, the ex-territoriality question. 

Exterritorialize  (e:ksteritde-ridlaiz), —v. 
rare—', [f. EXTERRITORIAL + -1ZE.] trans. To 
secure the privileges of exterritoriality for; to 
withdraw (a person) from liability to the laws of 
the country in which he resides. 

1870 Pall Mall G. 5 Nov. 11 The Roman Catholic mis- 
sionaries..in their ill-judged and indefensible attempts to 
exterritorialize their Chinese converts. 

+ Exte'rse, v. Obs.—° [f. L. exters- ppl. stem 
of extergere, f. ex- out + tergére to wipe.]  ¢rans. 
To wipe off or out. Hence Extersed f/. a. 

1727 in Baicey vol, II. 

+ Exte‘rsion. 0¢s.—° [as if ad. L. *exter- 
ston-om, n. of action f. extergére: see prec.] The 
action of rubbing or wiping off or out. 

1656-81 in Biount Glossogr. 1721 in Battery. 

+ Exte'rsive, ¢. Ols. rare. [f. L. type *exters- 
7vus : see EXTERSE and -IvE.] Having the property 
of wiping off or out; cleansing. 

1657 Tomiinson Renxou's Disp. oo We have. .concinnated 
this..extersive Medicament. 1661 Lovett /ist. Anim, & 
Min. 73 ‘The ashes. .are extersive and digesting. 

+Extersory, « O0s.—° [f. as prec. + -ory.] 
=prec, 1727-36 in Baitey; whence 1775 in Asn. 

Extesticulate (ckstestikislt), @ vare-°. 
[f. Ex- prefil + L. desticul-us testicle + -arn?.] 
“Castrated’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Extill, -ation, -atious, var. ff. of Exst111, etc. 

+Evxtimate, a. Ods. rare. [f. L. extim-us, 
superl. of exter outside: on the analogy of w/¢7- 
mate.| Outmost, uttermost. 

1659 H. More /wzmort. Soul (1662) 178 Personal figura- 
tion in the extimate parts .. that represent the Body, Face, 
and Vestments, etc. 1672 Brief Reply 119 The supreme or 
extimate Heaven is in no place. 

Extime, obs. form of Estrem, 

Extimulate, -ation, -atory, obs. ff. Exstmu- 
LATE, etc. 

Extinct (ekstinkt), pa. pple. and a. Also 
5 extincte. [ad. L. ex(s\tdnct-ws, pa. pple. of ex- 
(s)téngeere: see EXTINGUISH. As used by Caxton 
and writers of the 16th c. it may be regarded as 
pa. pple. of Extinct v.] 

A. pple. Extinguished (see senses of Extinct, 
EXTINGUISH, vds.). Now rare. 

1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 219 That fyre was extincte. 
Ibid. 1. 347 This duke Turgesius was perischede and ex- 
tincte. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 176/4 The more they lyght 
them [candellys] the more were they extyncte. "1548-9 
(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Offices 8 Graunt that al sinne 
and vice here maie be soextinct. 1598 RowLanps Betraying 
of Christ 30 They blind his sight, whose soules more blind 
Had quite extinct the light of grace. 1612 BrErREwoop 
Lang. & Relig. iv. 33 The Spanish and Pannonian tongues 
not extinct by the Romans. 1631 R. Byrietp Doctr. Sabd. 
99 It tooke fire .. but was quickly extinct. 1734 Law 
Enquiry Space 26 Take away the Things and their re- 
spective Order and Distance..may cease and be extinct. 
1887 Pall Mall G. 30 Dec. 13/2 As I uttered the last word 
of my manuscript, the lights were suddenly extinct. 

B. adj. (In early use with distinctly ppl. sense ; 
in mod. use it usually denotes a state without re- 
ference to the action from which this results.) 

1. Of a fire, flame, light: Extinguished, quenched, 
put out ; no longer burning. Of a volcano: That 
has ceased eruption. 

1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 119 A lawnterne .. extincte 
is drownede in to hit. 1526 Prlgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 
197 b, The lampe of grace in thy soule wyll soone be extinct. 
1652 GAuLE Magastrom. 355 Neither the husband nor any of 
the family could be awaked till that torch was extinct, 
1784 CowPer Task v1. 684 A spark or two not yet extinct. 
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 249 There are some who 
«when we [cigars] are not half extinct throw us contemptu- 
ously away. 1843 Penny Cycl. XX VI. 427/2 Active or extinct 
volcanoes. 1878 HuxLey Physzogr. 193 A group of small 
extinct volcanoes, : oe 

+b. Quicksilver extinct [=Fr. mercure éteint]: 
mercury triturated with fats or chalk, and therefore 
no longer lustrous. Ods. 

1610 MarkHaM MMasterp. 1. cxxx. 432 Quicke-siluer ex- 
tinct, and verdigrease, of each an ounce. . 

2, Of things comparable to a fire or light (e.g. 
life, hope, passion, disease, etc.): Quenched; that 
has ceased to burn or shine. 

1494 Fapyan Chron. v. cxviii. 94 The feythe..was well 
nere extyncte thoroughe all the lande. rg9x 7v0ub. Raigne 
K. ¥ohn (1611) 67 Young Arthurs eies are blinded and ex- 
tinct. 1777 Priestley Matt. § Spir. (1782) I. v. 56 Every 
faculty of the mind... is liable .. to become wholly extinct 
before death, 1826 Disraew Viv. Grey v. xii, Conversation 


EXTINCT. 


seemed nearly extinct. 1828 Scorr /. Af. Perth xxiv, He 
was cut down. . before life was extinct. Buck.e Civilis. 
1. vi. $94 The last hope of the Moham: S was extinct. 

+3 f a person: Cut off; dead; blotted out of 
existence. Also, a away, vanished. Ods. 

bay Pi Gold, Leg. 5/2 All were .. deed and extynct. 
1530 Heyvwoop Four P. P. in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 375 He may 
at liberty Pass safe..Till that he be from us extinct. 1611 
Brste Yod xvii. 1 My dayes are extinct. H. L’Estrance 
Chas, J (1655) 4 The usuall ceremony ordained to the bodies 
of extinct princes. 1665 G. Havers P. della Valle’s Trav. 
E. India 93 Nagar. .lost together with his life a great part 

his Dominions, and b ina inct.. 1675 tr. 

Machiavelli's Prince xi. (Rtldg. 1883) 75 The Pope being 
dead and Valentine extinct. 

4. That has died out or come to anend. a, Of 
a family, a class of pone a race or species of 
animals or plants: Having no living representa- 
tive ; ‘without progressive succession ’ (J.). 

1683 Brit. Spec. 156 The Line of Henry VIIIt. . bein; 
extinct. 1719 Dr For Crusoe 1. 33t My Father was dead, 
and my Mother, and all the Family extinct. 1748 Jenyns 
Imit, Hor, Epist.u. i. 48 Let's try and fix some zra, if 
we can, When good ones [ministers] were extinct, and bad 
began. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 11. ix. 434 The 
royal house..was not yet extinct. 1874 Heirs Soc. Press. 
iii. 35 The great book collectors (except in America) seem to 
be an extinct race. 2 

b. Of an institution, dignity, office, etc.: Ob- 
solete. Of a title of nobility: Having no qualified 
claimant. 

158 J. Bett. Haddon's Answ. Osor. 51 Y¢ Supper of the 
Lord .. you have so defiled ., that the true use therof is al- 
most eign é extinct. 165: Hospes Leviath. u. xxix. 174 
‘The Assembly it selfe is extinct. 1828 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 
IIT. 244 The dignities limited to the heirs male of Sir Ro- 
bert Sydney became extinct. 1836 J. Gitpert Chr. A tonem. 
iv. (1852) 103 They imagine the office of moral rule in an- 
other state to become extinct. 184: W. Spatpinc /taly & 
It, Ist. 11. 181 The three extinct republics, Florence, Pisa, 
and Siena. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 537 His mar- 
quisate became extinct. 

e. Law in phr. possibility of tssue extinct. 

1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 7b, He..is tenaunt in the 
tayle after possibilitie of issue extinct. 1818 Cruiser Digest 
(ed. 2) I. 154 A person may be tenant in tail, after possi- 
bility of issue extinct. 

d. Of a law, legal power or right, etc. 

1628 Coxe On Litt. 147 All the Rent charge is extinct. 
1726 Ay.irre Parerg. 156 A Censure inflicted @ Fure con- 
tinues, tho’ such Law be extinct. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 
wae i rs a power, though extinct at law, would cer- 
tainly be enforced in equity. 

+ Extinct, s/. Ods. [Pad. L. ex(s)tinct-us 
(u-stem), f. ex(s\tinguére (see EXTINGUISH) ; or f. 
Extinct v.] = EXTINCTION. 

1606 Forp Honor Tri. iii. To Earl Pembroke, To the vtter- 
most extinct of life. 1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit, vit. xliv. 364 
The extinct of the English Nations renowne. /d/d. 1x. xvii. 
(1632) 877 The vtter extinct of the House of Yorke. 

+ Extinct, v. Os. Forms: 5-6 extynct(e, 
(5 estyncte), 6 extincte, (extinkt), 6— extinct. 
Pa. t. 5-6 extyncte. [f. L. ex(s)tinct- ppl. stem 
of ex(s\tingucre to EXTINGUISH.] 

1. ¢rans. = EXTINGUISH ¥. I. 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 250/1 The blessid laurence had 
fyue brennynges withoute forthe whiche he al ouercam 
manly and extyncte them. 1513 BrapsHaw St. Werburge 
11. 166 The feruent great fire extincted was in-dede. 1563-87 
Foxe A. & M. (1596) 66/2 Eugenia was..put into hot baths, 
which were extincted, and she preserued. 

2. = EXTINGUISH v. 2. 

1542 Boorpe Dyetary 280 Purslane dothe extynct the 
ardor of lassyuyousnes. 1§56 J. Heywoop Spider & F. vii. 
Fs It is more hard, loue to our selues to extinkt. ax 

OVERDALE /ope Faithf. Pref. (1574) Aiij b, Not to stirre 
vp Gods grace in vs..were to. .extincte the spirite. 

3. =EXTINGUISH 7. 4. 

1483 Caxton G. de la Tour A vijl, The grete good dedes 
and abstynence that I dyde Reis | d and estyncted al my 
Synnes. 1538 Letanp /tin, IV. 16 The name of the Barony 
of Say is extinctid. 1547 in Cardwell Documentary Ann. 
(1839) I. 42 They have .. utterly extincted and destroyed .. 
all images. 1598 F. Meres in Arb. Garner II, 105 One 
strain of music extincte the pleasure of another. 1603 H. 
Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) Two contraries, cannot 
ioyntly hold possession, but one wil vtterly extinct the other. 

To put an end to, make void (a law, legal 
right, status, ordinance). Also, to cancel (a licence, 
the claim of a creditor), Cf. EXTmNcuIsH 3 b. 

1527 in Fiddes Wolsey 1. 142 The jurisdiction of the Pre- 
rogative should be extinctyd. 1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. 
xiv, (1638) 84 He..would extinct former rights by such a 
fine with proclamation. 1541 Barnes Ws. (1573) 3113/2 
Gods blessed ordinaunce were rather to bee extincted and 
abhorred. 1§.. R. Morice in Strype Eccd. Mem. 111. xxviii. 
236 Divers report that Mr. Latimers licence was extincted. 
1588 J. Metis Briefe Jnstr. Gij, Yee shall extinct the Cre- 
ditors of the olde book by the contrary of his opposite. a 1626 
Baton Max. & Uses Com. Law ix. (1635) 39 If I had pur- 
chased the land myselfe, then I had extincted mine owne 
condition. . 

¢. To abolish, suppress (a state of things, cus- 
tom, institution). 

1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIIT, c. 20 To extinct and make 
frustrate the paymentys of the said Annates or first fruytes. 
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 22 § 3 Many chanteries..ben 
sins y* time vtterly dissolued and extincted. ¢ 1555 Hanrs- 
rieLD Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 283 J ulius Caesar. .extincted 
the ancient liberty. .of the people of Rome. 

d, =EXrincuisH v. 3. 

1545 Jove Exp. Dan. Argt. Avj, Nether the regale famy- 


464 


lye nor thee stok of Juda to be extyncted. 3 Brenpe 
. Curtii % coe ieee pe me 
C. Cate ee ergot alam 

e. =EXxTInculsH v. 3 f. 


1548 Hatt Chron. 38a, Scater of Scottes ..was by 
Dunwallo. .slayn extincted. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Alba- 


nact |, The Britains. . Were ready still to fighte at euery call, 


Till time they had extynct, the monsters 


Hence Exti-neted ff/. a. Extincting vd/. sd. 
1513 Hen. VIII Lez. in Eccl. Mem. 1. App. i. 3 Wee 
«have, for the extincti d ble Schi entred 


ig of t ‘ 
actual war. 1604 Suaxs. O¢A. 11. i. 81 He may. .Giue renew'd 
fire to our extincted Spirits. 165 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 
113 For the. .vtter extincting of. .power and authoritie. 

| Extincteur (¢kst&ntor, ekstinkté1). [F.,ad.L. 
ex(s)tinctor, agent-n. f. ex(s)tinguére: see EXTIN- 
GUISH.] An apparatus for extinguishing fire, 
patented 1862. 

[x Frnt. Soc. Arts 27 Oct. 749 A curious tus 
called 7 E-xtincteurwas testeda time since. .1n Paris.] 
1878 Lapy Brassey Voy. Sund xxi, The exti was 
used freely. -~ . J. Mantey Brit. Almanac Comp, 24 
Extincteurs..and domestic fire-escapes. 

Extinction (ekstiykjan). Also 5 extinecion. 
[ad. L. ex(s\tinction-em, n. of action f. ex(s)tin- 
guére: see Extincuisu. Cf. F. extinction.) The 
action of extinguishing ; the fact or state of being 
extinguished. 

1. The quenching, putting out (of fire, light, any- 
thing burning or shining; fig. hopes, passions, 
life, etc.); the fact of being quenched ; the pro- 
cess of becoming, or the condition of being, extinct. 

In Oftics occas. used for the stoppage of light by absorp- 
tion, interference, etc. 

1494 Fauyan Chron. vu. 589 He ordeyned at Westminster 
to brenne perpetuelly wtout extinccion .iiii. tapers of waxe. 
1646 Sik T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. iii. 68 Red hot needles 
or wires extinguished in quicksilver, do yet acquire a ver- 
ticity according to the Laws of position in extinction. 
Boye Contn. New Exp. 1. Notes (1682) 191 Several Igni- 
tions and Extinctions, 1672 G. Harvey Morb. Angl. 
v. 14 The parts are consumed through extinction of 
their native heat. 1794 G. Avams Nat. & Exp. Philos. 11. 
xxi. 406 Reflexion, refraction, and extinction, are affections 
of light by transparent bodies. | 1838 Prescott Ferd. § /s. 
(1846) I. iil. 186 The sudden extinction of those ee pe which 
she had so long. .cherished. oe Penny Cycl. XXVI. 424/1 
The birth. .and extinction of volcanoes are phenomena seen 
in separate parts of the earth’s surface. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 
1. xxvii. 204 The alternate appearance and extinction of the 
light. 1866 CartyLe Remin, (1881) Il. 275 A bright lamp 
flickering out into extinction. 

b. The slaking (of lime); +‘the quenching of 
red-hot minerals in some liquor, to abate their 
sharpness, or to impart their virtue to the liquor’ 
(Phillips 1706) ; +concr. a tincture made by this 
process. /xtinction of mercury: (see quot. 1842). 

1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. v. § 3. 85 Gold inwardly 
taken. .either in substance, infusion, decoction or extinction. 
Ibid. 1. v. § 3. 86 [Alloyed gold] is actually dequantitated 
by fire, and possibly by frequent extinction. ézd, 1. xxii, 
165 For speedier operation we make extinctions, infusions, 
and the like. 1842 Dunciison Med. Lex. (ed. 3), Extinc- 
tion of mercury, trituration of mercury with lard or other 
substance, until the mercury disappears. 1848 Craic, Zx- 
tinction of lime. 

2. Suppression, abolition (of an institution, etc.) ; 
the complete wiping out (of a debt). 

1651 Hosses Lezviath. 11. xxix. 168 The Extinction of their 
rpc stiad 1748 Axson Voy. 1. xiv. 282 The extinction 
of their religion, and the slaughter of their ancestors. 175 
Jounson Rambler No. 145 P11 ‘The public would suffer. . 
inconvenience .. from the extinction of any common trade. 
1839 THirtwatt Greece VIII. 6 After the extinction of the 
national independence. 1845 9 eCuttocn Taxation (1852) 
462 The plan for the gradual extinction of the national de 

3. The action of blotting (a pie being, a soul) 
out of existence ; destruction, annihilation. 

ay Cece Body of Man 333 We therefore define 
an abortment to be Either the issuing of an imperfect 
Infant or his extinction and death in the wombe. 1646 
Br. Hatt Balm Gil. 188 The utter extinction of those we 
loved. 1676 Gianvitt Ess. v. 19 Doctrines, such as, .utter 


extinction, and annihilation of the Wicked after the Day of 


Judgment. 1796 Morse A mer. Geog. I. 135 Which destruc- 
tion they call the second death, describe it as a perfect 
extinction. —" Browninc La Saisias 32, 1 .. declare the 
soul's eclipse Not the soul’s extinction. 

+b. Effacement, utter disgrace or ruin (of a per- 
son). Obs, 

1542 Upatt in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 5 To recover a 
man from present extinction. 

4, Of a race, family, species, etc.: The fact or 
process of becoming extinct ; a coming to an end 
or dying out; the condition of being extinct. 

1602 Futpecke 2nd Pt, Parall. 63 If a man deuise to his 
daughter his lands. .vntill she marie .. it onely signifieth an 
extinction of the legacie when the mariage is accomplished. 
1659 C. Nose Mod. Answ. to Immod. Q.15 By .. extine- 
tinction of the male blood it received an alteration. @ 

J. Rocers 19 Serm. {1738) 135 The Extinction of Nations, 
and the Desolation of Kingdoms. 1818 Cruise pe oad (ed. 2) 
VI. 569 Any number of lives, the extinction of could 
be proved without difficulty. 1875 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. 
xix. (ed. 5) 354 The extinction of the male line of Fer og J 
in the person of Charles the Sixth. 1880 A. R. Wattace Js: 

Life 61 The most effective agent in the extinction of species 
is the pressure of other species. 

Extinctive (ekstiyktiv), a. [f. L. type *ex- 
stinctiv-us, £, ex(s)tinguére (see ExTINGuISH). Cf. 


Rev. w. 80 TP ee eee 


seems. .to man 

races. 1883 Athenzum 10 Mar. 1/1 

of Free Water on the Rolling of Ships. 
Hence +Exti‘nctively adv., so as to be ex- 


hed. 
be y . 2 Peter iii. 4 If they [i. e. souls] die 
not extinctively, ot ltl of them? 

Extinctness. ?0¢s-° [f. Exrincr a. + 
-xEss.] The quality of being extinct. 

1727-36 in Baitey; Asx. 

+ Extincture. 0ds.rare—*. [f. Extinct v. 
+-URE.] = Extinction. 

1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 294 Cold modesty, hot wrath, 
Bot dre from Kenre and eh ecaneee aah ve 

(ekstin, -tain). Bot, [f. L. ext- (in 
extimus most outward, f. ex-) +-INE1.] The outer 
membrane of the pollen grain. Also 

1835 Lixptey /ntrod. Bot. (1848) I. 358 The shell of the 
pollen-grain. . has been ascertained to consist .. of two or 
even three membranes, of which the outer (extine) is thicker 
than the inner (intine), 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 505 The 
contents [of pollen grains] enclosed by an extine and intine, 
divide into two cells. 

7 Bet aguibie, a. Obs. rare—‘. [ad. late 
L. extinguibilis (Lactantius), f. ex(s)tinguére : see 
EXTINGUISH.] = EXTINGUISHABLE. 

1605 TimMe Quersit.1. xii. 50 The most pure and extin- 
guible substance of — : L 

i (ekstitngwif),v. [ad. L. ex(s)tin- 
gu-cre (f. ex- intensive + stinguére to quench): 
see -ISH.] 

1. ‘rans. To put out, quench (fire, light, anything 
burning or shining). + In early medical use : To 
reduce (an inflammation). 

1551 Bate Eng. Votaries u. 89 b, Ethelredus .. by it [cold 
water]. . extynguyshed ., the flames of all..vices. 1563 T. 
Gate Antidot. u. 16 It [vnguent] doeth extinguishe .. all 
inflammations of the lyuer. 1596 Drayton Legends ii. 545 
A little sparke extinguish’d to the ee. 1656 BraMHALL 
Reflic. ii. 110 The light is under a Bushell, but it is not ex- 
tinguished. x Drypen Lady of May 10 The soft god of 
pleasure..Has broken his bow, and extinguish’d his fires. 
1710 J. Crarke Rohault’s Nat. Phil. (1729) U1. 165 Cold 
extinguishes..Heat. 1732 Berketey A doh. 1, §3 They 
would extinguish the very light of nature. J. NicHoLson 
Ofperat. Mechanic 271 The water is. . thrown in ajet through 
a a with great force, to extinguish fire. 1869 Tyn- 
pat Light ii. (1873) 65 Natural bodies. .extinguish certain 
constituents of the white solar light. 

2. transf. and fig. @. To quench (hopes, pas- 
sions, strife, life, mental faculties, etc.) ; to silence 
(sound). 

1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde ww. iii. (1564) 121 b, Suche 

aue .. wateryshe Matrixes can not conceyue, for the 
power of the seede is extinguished in it. 1561 T. Norton 
Calvin's Inst. 1. 2 b, Paule..exhorteth the Thessalonians 
not to extinguish the spirite. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 212 It 
deadeth and extinguisheth the Sound utterly. a@ 1627 Hay- 
warp Edw, VJ 89 To extinguish the loue of the to 
the young King. 165: Baxter /nf. Baft, 143 will not 
suffer it [truth] to be extinguis! Mitton P. L. 1. 
Least total darkness should . . extinguish life In Nature. 
1711 Apvison Sfect. No. 126 ? 3 We Id soon see that 
furious Yap mune extinguished. 1732 Law Serious C. x. 
fas. 2) 143 Extinguish’ is reason, instead of putting out 
is eyes. 1780 Harris Philol. Eng. (1841) 512 War between 
great men seldom extingui humanity, | 1848 Macautay 
Hist. Eng. 1. 603 Neither his nor his profession had 
wholly extingui his ardour. e 
b. To ‘quench’ or totally obscure by superior 
brilliancy ; to ‘eclipse’, put completely into the 
shade. 


Polynesian 
Extinctive Effect 


y 
192 Naturall Graces that extinguish Lap iy Mrs, Out- 


and extinguished by their wives and ters. 
© In mod, use: To reduce (an adversary) to 
—— Chiefly collog. dices o, 
Prim. Homer com- 
prewed pore hg pr fern in Scherit as singing 28 Snes 
is adversary. 
3. To put a total end to, do away with com- 
pletely, blot out of existence. 
be Bryery Decades 249 By theyr inuasions were extin- 
all artes and sciences. 1594 Hooker Lcci. Poli. 
ui (1611) 22 It in or h chee gine. 280: 
extlogaiabe ta ‘es by the Mamaiucks, Mare 
Sra ht be extinguisht. 
1} 
1o9eR the Misery of human n 
= x png ‘x's Ey yt ge tn 1842 I. 
ey wha oxtngina 1868 Wi H. Buunt Ref. Ch. 
Eng. 1. 70 But the confiscation of Wolsey’s possessions ex- 
tin, ed ba oie of these plans. 
. To void (a bill, claim, right, etc.). In 
Law sometimes sfec. (see EXTINGUISHMENT 3 b). 


EXTINGUISHABLE. 


implication reserued vnto mee either to bee inioyed or ex- 
tinguished, 1651 W. G. tr. Cowed’s Inst. “he action 
for the residue is utterly extinguished. 1784 Cowrer 7ask 
vi. 583 Man’s.. rights and claims Are paramount, and must 
extinguish theirs [creeping vermin’s]. 1866 Crump Banking 
v. 132 Cancellation ..is considered to extinguish the instru- 


ment. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 136/2 The right of 
way .. was extinguished by the mortgage. 
e. To discharge, obtain total acquittance of, 


‘wipe out’ by full payment or composition. 

1630 R. Yohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 357 All which so 
inestimable summes.. they have re-imbursed or extinguished. 
1777 Watson Philip 17 (1793) 11. xiv. 187 They will ere long 
extinguish the debt which they owe you, in your blood. 
1836 THirtwatt Greece II. xi. 35 The debt itself.. was.. 
held to be extinguished. 1845 M*Cuttocn Taxation m1. i. 
(1852) 429 The only instance of a national debt having been 
extinguished. 

d. To suppress (+ books, + customs, offices or 
corporate institutions). 

1ggo Sir J. Smytu Disc. Weapons Sig. *ij b, Procuring also 
«-to — and extinguish the exercise and serviceable 
use of Long-bowes. 1590 — in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 
56 A booke conteyninge so disordered matter, that yt should 
be extinguished. 1611 Biste 7yans?. Pref. 2 One that ex- 
tinguished worthy whole volumes, to bring his abridgements 
into request. 1656 BraMHALL Reféic. ii. 1o9 The Baronies 
of the Bishops, and their votes in Parliament were taken 
away, but the Order was not extinguished. 1722 Lond, 
Gaz. No. 6092/r It is our Pleasure that the said Sort [of 
boat] be extinguished, and no longer used. 1839 YEOWELL 
Ane. Brit.Ch. xi. (1847) 117 Though the bishopric. . merged 
into the archbishopric. .it was not extinguished. 1868 J. H. 
Biunt Ref Ch. Eng. I. ii. 68 It had long been foreseen 
that..a large number of them [monasteries] must be extin- 
guished. : ; 

e. To annihilate, bring to an end, cut off (a 
family, race, etc.). 

1593 R. Harvey Philad. 100 The nation of the Hunnes 
was almost vtterly extinguished in Greece, by the Emperor, 
1641 Baker Chron. (1660) 19 The Danish Line clean ex- 
tinguished, Edward the Confessour.. was.. admitted King 
of England. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 36 The 
eet race of the Valois being extinguished by the death 
of Henry the third. 1837 Sir F, Patcrave Merch. § Friar 
(1844) 135 ‘ Extinguishing’ the Red man by the progress of 
civilisation. 7 

+f. To make away with, kill (an individual). 

1598 Grenewry Jacitus’ Ann, xu. iii. (1622) 158 His 
[Gotarses’] brothers are extinguished by murder. 1630 2. 
Fohnson's Kingd. & Commw. pe They extinguish the great 
ones, especially those of royall bloud. 1670 Mitton //is¢. 
Eng. Wks. 1738 II. 108 He had first relinquish’d, then ex- 
tinguish’d Edmund. 

+4. znér. for reff. in various senses: To die out. 

(Quot. 1837 is not strictly an example of this use, but 
of the idiomatic occas. use of a trans. vb. in passive sense.) 

1s99 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 52/1 Inscende 
the same, and let it combure, till of it selfe it extinguishe. 
c 1645 Howe t Lef?t. u. Ixxili, They.. both extinguish like 
asnuff. 1630 Mitton Tenure Kings 53 These. . through all 
stormes and persecutions kept Religion from extinguishing. 
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. 1. 159 His Family being like 
to extinguish for want of Heirs, 1723 Pres. State Russia l. 
220 Ifa Fire. .finds Iron and Stone in its Way, it extinguishes 
of itself. 1742 Hume £ss., Stoic (1779) I. 161 His alacrity 
suddenly extinguishes. @1797 H. WALPOLE Mem. Geo. I/, 
1. 375 He paints that phantom of Royalty the present King 
extinguishing at Metz. [1837 CartyLe #7. Kev. 1. v1. iil, 
‘This conflagration of the South-East will abate. .extinguish 
it will not, till the fuel be all done.] 

Hence Extinguished ///.a. Extinguishedly 
adv. Extinguishing v/. sb. and ff/. a. 

152 Hutoet, Extinguished, extinctus. 1616 CHAPMAN 
Muszus 471 She .. round about the sea’s broad shoulders 
throws Her eye, to second the extinguish’d light. a164x 
Br. Mountacu Acts §& Mon. (1642) 60 Adam lost the mea- 
sure, and manner, not utterly and extinguishedly, the thing 
{i.e. virtue]. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man ui. vii. 285 
Some vast devastation .. may endanger. .the extinguishing 
of the species of things. 1784 Cowrer Task 1. 442 His eye 
relumines its extinguish: res, 1837 in O'Connor Ld. 
Beaconsfield (1879) 174 The laughter, shouts, etc., which ac- 
companied the honourable and extinguished Member's first 
attempt in Parliamentary oratory. @ 1863 THackeray Mr. 
& Mrs. Berry ii, A strong smell of an extinguished lamp. 

Extinguishable (ekstingwifab’l), a. Also 
6 extinguyssible. [f. prec. + -ABLE.] Able to 
be extinguished (in senses of the vb.). 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. vi. iii, Who that walketh the waye 
of derkenes. .shall have payne nothyng extinguyssible. 1667 
in Phil. Trans. I. G09 The light of the former is readily ex- 
tinguishable by Compression. 1 in Battey (folio). 18 
Lewis Use §& Ad. Pol. Terms iti. z Not extinguishable by 
any law, 1886 Law Times LXXX. 213/2 Insect life is not 
extinguishable by scrubbing. 

Extinguisher (ekstiygwifoz). [f. as prec. + 
-ER 1,] 

1. One who or that which extinguishes. 

1g60 WurenorNE Arte Warre (1588) 18 b, Heads [Cap- 
tains], extinguishers of di ion. x60r WeEEvER Mirr. 
Mart. A vij, This heat extinguisher. 1630 J, Taytor 
(Water P.) Wés. 1. 257/1 The Glorious Great Extinguisher 
of Night. 1654 WuitLock Zootomia 303 Quarrells and Dis- 
tempers.. prove Extinguishers. 1814 Sir R. Witson Diary 
II. 341 The fat is blazing in the fire, and no extinguisher can 
be found. 1817 Byron Let. to Murray 4 June, The name 
of their extin: er was Gifford. 1887 Dazly News 7 Mar. 
7/t The Lewis Hand Fire Extinguisher. sahery 

2. spec. A hollow conical cap for extinguishing 
the light of a candle or lamp; also a similar object 
of large size formerly affixed to the railings of a 
house to enable the link-boys to extinguish their 
links. 

Vou. III. 


465 


1641 W. Cartwricut Ordinary 1. v, In putting of ’in | 
[candles] out.. by The extinguisher. 1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 
2068/4 One Closet Candlestick, with Snuffers and Extin- 

uisher, 17 Mrs. Detany Life & Corr. (1861) II. 88 

ut out their flambeaux with great silver extinguishers. 
1840 Dickens Barn, Rudge xvi, Extinguishers are yet sus- 
pended before the doors of a few houses of the better sort. 
1857 W. Cottins Dead Secret 1.i, She held the candlestick, 
so that the extinguisher lying loose in it rattled. 

b. transf. and jig. 

1697 Cottier Ess. Mor. Subj. 1. (1709) 30 Cover it [the 
vital Flame] with an Extinguisher of Honour. 1774 Wests. 
Mag. II. 96 Put not one grand extinguisher on Plays; But 
with kind snuffers gently mend their blaze. 1884 PadZ 
Mall G. 1 May 4/r ‘Eigg Island,’ with its singular Scuir 
or peak hidden under a thick extinguisher of cloud. 

3. attrib. and Comb. 

1859 Dickens 7. Two Cities u. ix, Extinguisher-topped 
towers. 1881 A. G. C. Lippett in Macm, Mag. XLIV 
473/2 Sharp extinguisher-like spires .. shot into the sky. 
1885 Daily News 30 Apr. 4/8 The immeasurable height of the 
extinguisher hats of women when Richard II. was King. 

Hence Extinguishership. xonce-wd. 

1825 New Monthly Mag. XI1I1. 193 God give his imperial 
extinguishership ‘a good deliverance.’ 

Extinguishment (cksti-ngwifmént). [f. Ex- 
TINGUISH Z. + -MENT.] The action of extinguishing ; 
the fact of being extinguished ; = ExTINCTION. 

1. The quenching (of fire, light, anything burning 
or shining). Cf. EXTINGUISH v. I. 

Sieg Hayes Past. Pleas. xi. iv, Evermore, without extin- 
guyshment, In burnyng tongues heshall be permanent. 1665 
Sir T. Roe's Voy. E. India 443 Lamps.. which have burned 
without extinguishment from many foregoing generations. 
1734 T. Ricuers Hist. R. Geneal. Spain 326 To endeavour 
the Extinguishment of those Flames. 1870 Daily News 19 
Aug. 6 The men skilled in extinguishment far away. 

+b. A means of extinguishing. Ods. 

1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 58 Application of remora’s 
and extinguishments, to both wind and fire. 


2. transf. and fig. Cf. EXTINGUISH v. 2. 

1503 Hawes E.xamp. Virt. xiii. 275 Theyr payne haue 
none extinguysshement. 1546 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. 
viii, 218 The. .vtter extingguysshement of the seyd grugge 
and dyspleasure. 1607 TopsELL Serpents (1653) 636 When 
once the wound beginneth to be purple, green, or black, it is 
a sign.. of the extinguishment of the venom. a 1639 W. 
Wuate ey Prototypes 1. xxvi. (1640) 70 An extinguishment 
of love. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. x. (1860) 179 The final 
extinguishment of the king’s reason. 

8. The putting a total end to (something), blot- 
ting out of existence; suppression (of an institution). 

1537 Acts [rel. 28 Hen. VITTI, c. xiii, Statutes..made for 
the... extinguishment out of this land of the pretended 
power of the Bishop of Rome. 1586 Ferns Blaz. Gen- 
trie 32 The extinguishment of anye one of them [foure 
complexions] is the destruction of the bodye. @ 1648 Lp. 
Hersert Hen, VIII (1649) 397 That for extinguishments of 
all Ambiguities and doubts, it may be enacted, etc. 1741 
T. Rosinson Gavelkind v. 66 A Total Extinguishment of 
the Custom. 1865 Reader 2 Sept. 253/2 Munitions of war, 
which not only influenced banefully. .the fortunes of Prince 
Charlie, but led..to their final extinguishment. 

pb. The putting an end to (a contract, right, 
etc.); abolition (of a law, custom, + tax). In 
Law also spec. ‘the annihilation of a collateral 
interest, or the supersedure of one interest by an- 
other and greater interest’ (Wharton Law Lex.). 

I Act 27 Hen. VIIT, c. 10 § 1 The.. extinguishment 
of all suche subtill practised feoffementes. 1554 in Defosi- 
tions, etc. (Surtees Soc. No. 21) 57 For the. extinguishment 
of a mariage solempnized betwixt them in their infancies. 
1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 64a, A release shall enure by 
waye of extinguishemente. 1683 T. Hunt Def. Charter 36 
Charged with the extinguishment of many excellent Laws. 
1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872) I. 428 A suspension, but 
not extinguishment of rights. 1886 Law Rep, Weekly 
Notes at ‘The accounts were limited to the period before 
Michaelmas, 1881, the time from which the extinguishment 
took effect. — 

ce. The full discharge, ‘wiping out’ (of a debt 
or obligation). 

1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 266 To provide for the ex- 
tinguishment of the existing debt. 1847 C.G, Appison Ox 
Contracts 11. iv. § i, (1883) 664 The extinguishment of the 
principal obligation necessarily involving in it the discharge 
of the surety. 1868 Rocers Pol. Econ. iv. (1876) 7 Recip- 
rocal extinguishment of obligations. : 

+d. The cutting off, putting an end to (a family, 
race, etc.) ; the fact of becoming extinct. Ods. 

1539 TAVERNER Gard. Wysed. 1. 13b, Syngle lyfe hathe 
these incommodyties. .extinguyshment of bloud, astraunger 
to be thyne heyre. 1612 Davies Why Ireland, etc. 210 
Rebellion, wherein he perished himselfe, and made a_final 
extinguishment of his house and honour. 1630 RX. Yohn- 
son’s Kingd. & Commw. 114 By the extinguishment of the 
Picts, it reached also unto Tweed. 

+e. Annihilation = the soul). Ods. 

xg92 Davies Jmort. Soul xxx. § 4 When Death’s Form 
appears, she [the soul] feareth not An utter Quenching, or 

xtinguishment. 1625 UssHer Ausw. Yesuzt 327 A most 
absolute extinguishment as well of the soule as of the body. 

+Extirp (ekstdup), v. Ods. or arch. Also 
5-6 extyrpe, 5-7 ex(s)tirpe, (7 exsterpe). [ad. 
F. extirp-er = Pr. extirpar, ad. L. ex(s)tirpare: 
see EXTIRPATE.] 

1. trans. To root up (plants) ; = EXTIRPATE 2. 

1490 Caxton Eneydos xix. 73 To extirpe and waste alle the 
gortes comyng oute of the erth. 1563-87 Foxe A. § M. 
(1641) I. 563 To pang os and pluck the same [wild cockle] up 
by the roots. 160x HoLtanp Pliny I. 525 These reeds do 


multiplie. .after the old plants be extirped & destroied. 


EXTIRPATE. 


absol. a 7643 G. Sanpys Paraphr. Div. Poems, Eccl. iii. 
4A time to plant, t’extirpe: to Kill, to Cure. 

b. ¢transf. =EXxTIRpatE 2 b. 

1622 CALLis Stat. Sewers (1647) 54 These banks. .may be 
extirped if they be..a hinderance to the common good. 

Cc. =EXTIRPATE 2c. 

1541 R. Copranp Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg. Aiv, Tyll 
that .. which is the causer of the other be totally extyrped 
the healynge can nat be. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 1. x. 25 
Festring sore did ranckle yett within. . Which to extirpe, he 
laid him privily Downe. x62r G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. v1. 
(1626) 123, I..am fit..His eyes, his tongue, or what did 
thee inforce, ‘l’extirp. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet., Pref. 
Verse, (The teeth] filed down, or else extirped quite. 

2. To root out, exterminate (a family, sect, or 
nation) ; = EXTIRPATE 3. 

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 216 The race of them 
is..not..extirped. 1598 SyL_vesteR Dx Bartas u. iv. 1. 
Tropheis 887 He .. Wholly extirps the down-trod Jebusite. 
1635 Heywoop //ierarch. vu. sor A large Patent... T’ 
extirp the Witches thence. @1672 ANNE BRrapSTREET 
Poems (1678) 166 His seed to be extirpt, was destined. 1682 
R. Burtuocce An Argument (1684) 122 Antipadobaptisme 
..doth put it [the Church] in no small hazard of being 
utterly extirped. 

b. zutr. To die out, root and all. 

1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. ¥ustin’s Hist. 116. a, They should 
be vtterly rooted out, and the posteritye of their name extirp. 

3. With immaterial obj. ; = EXTrrpaTeE 4. 

(Austin’s attempted revival of the word has not been 
imitated so far as our quots. show.) 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 430/1 This .. fader .. foughte 
ageynst the heretykes .. and extyrped their heresye. 1552 
Latimer Sev. Lord’s Prayer vi. 47 God hath done greater 
thinges in .. extirping out all popery. 1603 Suaxs. J/eas. 

Jor M.1. ii. 110. 1605 B. Jonson Volfone w. ii, To ex- 
tirpe the memory Of such anact. 1623 PENKETHMAN Hand/- 
Hon. Pref, Wee may extirpe or root out vices. 1721 
Srrype Eccl. Mem. 1. xxxiv. 250 These monasteries should 
be extirped. 1832 Austin $¥urispr. (1873) I. 132. Jbid. 
(1879) I. xxiv. 483. Zbid. (1879) I1. 986 Errors or defects in 
the details are readily extirped or supplied. 

“| erron. To speak abusively agaist. [Perh. aris- 
ing from an ignorant misunderstanding of the 
phrase ‘the extirping of the Bishop of Rome’, 
common in controversial literature. } 

1605 Row ey IVhen you see me H, She did exsterp [ed. 
x63 exstirpe, 1621, 1632 extirpe] against his Holinesse. 
Lbid. F ij b, Exstirpe. 

Hence Extirped f//. a. Exti‘rper, one who 
roots out or destroys, Exti‘rping vd/. sd. 

1g0z ARNOLDE Chron. 159 Encresar off all goodnes, Ex- 
tirper of synners and..interpiter of dew lauwe. 1535 Act 
27 Hen. VIII, c.10§ t The extirping and extinguishment 
of all suche subtill practised feofiementes. 1543 GRAFTON 
Contn, cle pie, 3 606 The extirpyng and abholyshyng of 
the vsurped authoritee of the b[ishop] of Rome. 1605 Bacon 
Adv, Learn. 1. vii. §1 Extirpers of tyrants. .were honoured 
but with the titles of worthies or demi-gods. c 1640 J. 
Smytu Lives Berkeleys (1883) 1.172 A great journey into 
Wales for the extirpinge of that nation. 

+ Extirpable, a. Obs. [f. L. ex(s)\trpare: 
see next and -ABLE.] That may be extirpated. 

1676 Evetyn Phil. Dis. Earth 131 Lest it infect the 
Ground with a Plant not easily extirpable. 

+ Evxtirpate, Af/e. Obs. [ad. L. ex(s)terpatus, 
pa. pple. of ex(s)tirpare: used as pa. pple. of next.] 
Rooted out, destroyed utterly, rendered extinct. 

154 Exyot Jmage Gov. (1549) 116 It is profitable .. to 
haue all occasions of sedicion..to be extirpate. a 1649 
Drumm. or Hawt. Hist. Fas. V. Wks. AES Whena 
vice cannot be extirpate and taken away. 1706 De For 
Sure Div. vu. 146 note, The Race of Sinners was extirpate. 

Extirpate (e-kstorpeit, ekst5-1peit), v. Also 7 
extirpat. [f. L. ex(s)tirpat- ppl. stem of ex(s)t7r- 

pare, f. ex- (see Ex- pref) + stirp-s stem or stock 
ofatree. Cf. ExTirp v.] 

+1. trans. To clear of stumps. In quot. fig. Ods. 

1548 Hatt Chron. (1809) 426 He might wede, extirpate, 
and purdge the myndes of men. 

2. To pull or pluck up by the roots; to root up, 
destroy, or remove root and branch (a tree, plant). 

1651 W. G. tr. Cowels Inst. 278 Allsuch Offenders should 
have. .their Woods extirpated and grub’d up. 1664 Evetyn 
Kal. Hort. (1729) 213 Pluck up Strawberry Runners, extir- 
pate the tall Stalks. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 189 Extir- 
pate noxious and unprofitable Herbs. 1776 Gispon Dec?. 
& F. 1. xxv. 746 The vines and fruit-trees. . were extirpated. 
1796 C. MarsHatL Garden. iii, (1813) 31 The better way.. 
is..to extirpate the intermediate trees. 1848 Mitt Pod. 
Econ. 1. xi. § 2 The wood seems to have been. .extirpated. 

Fig. 1836 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) II. vi. 71 Re- 
generation. .does not extirpate the root of evil. 

+b. transf. 

¢ 1666 in Murray’s Lincolnshire (1890) 24 The old Church 
. having been ‘extirpated by a hurricane’ in 1666. . 

c. esp. in Surg. To root out, remove (anything 
spoken of as having roots). 

16s0 Butwer Anthropomet. 131 For men..to labour to 
extirpate..the Beard..is a practical blasphemy. 1767 
Goocu Treat. Wounds \. 167 Extirpating several breasts, 
and large tumors. 1774 Pennant Your Scot. in 1772, 74 
Small pincers for the purpose of extirpating hairs. 1836 
Topp Cycl. Anat. 1. 242/x When a nevus is extirpated, it 
seems to consist of a mass of cellular tissue. 

3. To root out, exterminate, or totally destroy 
(a class, sect, or nation); to kill off, and render 
extinct (a species of animals or plants). Const. 
out of, from. 

1586 J. Hooxer Girald. Jrel. u. xvi. 41 in Holinshed, Yet 
was their nobilitie so honourable and great; = by no 


EXTIRPATION. 


meanes, . was the same to be exti or rooted out. 


be poy oa of the island, 
ies were extir- 

slag ng L. Greece 
hg the mission 


extinct as such (a specified class of persons); to 
root out utterly, break up (a gang of thieves). 
Formerly also, + to drive out, clear away (persons) 
JSrom a locality, etc. 

1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 10, I will driue and extirpate 
oute of this Citie both L. Tarquinius Superbus, and his 
wicked wife, with all the race of his children and progenie. 
1610 Suaxs. Tem. 1. ii. 125 He .. Should ay extir- 
pate me and mine Out of the Dukedom. 1713 STEELE 
Englishman No. 4. 23 The Comedies, you see, have extir- 

— the whole Species of Beaux. 1737 Common Sense 

hed 186 The Honour of extirpating such a notorious 

Sbber from the Society. 1 Macautay /fist. Eng. 1V. 
oor It is... one of the first duties of every government to 
extirpate gangs of thieves. 

4. To root out, eradicate (an immaterial thing, 


e.g. heresy, vice, etc.). Const. + out of, from. 

1539 J. Huser in Lisle Papers V. 75, 1 hope it shall please 
your Lordship to extirpate this sudden desperate sorrow. 
out of the bottom of your stomach. ATIMER Serm. 
Ploughers (Arb.) 37 He destroied al Idolatrie, and clearly 
dyd extirpate all superstition. 1660 R. Coxe Yustice Vind. 
Pref. 19 Until monarchy or regal power should be extirpated 
in all the world. 1 BentuaM Princ. Legisl. xix. § 15 
With what chance of success.. would a legislator go about 
to extirpate drunkenness.. by dint of legal punishment? 
1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxv, The holy Church is awakened 

. to extirpate heresy by fire and steel. 1838 Emerson Nat., 


have yet availed to extirpate a prejudice then rooted in me. 

Hence Evxtirpated f//. a. E’xtirpating vd/. 
sd. and ffi. a. 

Mitton //ist. Eng. 11. (1851) 65 The final extirpating 
of that whole Nation. 1674 tr. Scheffer’s Lapland ix. 34 
All possible means were used . . for the ery oe super- 
stition. 1827 Soutney Penins. War II. 25 The paniards 
had to atone for extirpated nations. 1865 BusHNELL Vicar. 
Sacr, 1. v.279 Sin. .a desolating, extirpating power in souls. 

Extirpation (ekstaspeifan). Also 6 exter- 
patione, extirpacion, -tion,exturpacion. [ad. 
L. ex(s)tirpation-em, n. of action f. ex(s\tirpare : 
see EXTIRPATE v. Cf. F. extirpation.) The action 
of extirpating. 

+1. The clearing (ground) of trees, etc. 
TIRPATE v. I. Ods, 

1607 Norven Surv. Dial. 217 The generall extirpation. 
of coppise grounds in Middlesex. 

2. The action of rooting up trees or weeds ; 
destruction. 

1675 M. Ciirrorp Hum. Reason in Phenix (1708) II. 532 
The Extirpation of those Weeds. 1725 Braptey Fam. 
Dict. s.v. Oak, Grubbing is only to be done where final - 
tirpation is designed. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. Il. 

The joint extirpation of woods and men. 1837 ecu 
Cycl. VIII. tox T he. .extirpation of couch grass is one of 
the first things which an experienced farmer sets himself to. 

b. Suxg. The operation of removing, by excision 
or the application of caustics, anything having an 
inward growth. 

1706 in Puitips (ed. Kersey). 1732 Arsutunot Rules of 
Diet 330 The difficulty of .. Breathing, occasioned by 
Schirrosities of the Glands is not to be cur’d any other- 
wise than by Extirpation, 1818 Art Preserv. Feet 52 A 
black corn . . on extirpation , .is found to have a black clot 
of blood at the lower extremity of the stem. 1 
Watton Dis. Eye 110 Operations on the eyeball, abscission, 
and extirpation, 

3. The action of extirpating or rooting out; exter- 
mination: a. of a nation, family, sect, species, 
etc. b. of an immaterial thing, e.g. heresy, a 
religion, vice, etc. 

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 56 Extirpation, that is, 
the pluckyng out of all maner of vyces by the rotes, on 
T. FirzHersert A fol. 4a, The ph ioe of how 
Burnet 39 A7t, vii. (1700) 95 The snes were ae . 1 under 

san ie og tie ext 1 “pg color age hr. Bd 
1755 1 e ex tion of the gospel. 1794 ven 
Morris in oars Ks Loe § Writ. (1832) II. grr It will 
become on both sides a war of extirpation. 1846 M°Cur 
Locu Acc, Brit. —_ (1854) I. 421 Extirpation of the 
smallpox. ALLEN Amer. Bison 559 The extirpa- 


tion of the Fo ae 


Hence Extirpa‘tionist, one who maintains a 
theory of extirpation. 
1881 Cornh. Batizpntive Sept. 340 The Teutonic extirpationists. 
sag apts a [f. Exrre- 
7 v. + opr ges es to extirpate. 
Cueyne Eng. M ut, Introd. (1734) 266 Of the 
M icines, I have ed only the. .extirpative ones. 


Extirpator (¢kstozpeltas, -ts-rpétez). Also 8 
- py L. ex(s\tirpator, a: Ome each 
XTIRPATE v.] One who, or that whi 


tirpates. 
1706 in Purtiips (ed. Kersey), Z.xtirpator one that Extir- 
ates or Destroys, as an Extirpater of Heresies. 1776-83 
Tooriwons Raynal’s Indies (ed. 2) 1. 283 These extirpators 
with all their industry can n only their 
upon the coast, W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) 
I. 35 The extirpator is a machine of a sort. ior destroy- 
ing weeds. 1830 D’Israrut Se Ill. xii. oe The 
great extirpator of epi SP 
Amer. Bd. U1. viii. 115 Three am .. extirpators Fe isesne 


Cf. Ex- 


total 


y OX- 


466 
l Zaxtisves ( (ekstirspeks). Rom. Antiq.. kag 


[L.; f. exta (see Extra) + -spex f. 
wore te to look at.] One whose duty it was to 
the entrails of sacrificial victims for the 

of divination ; a 

1727 Battey vol. II Exttspices, the same as aruspices. 
wat CHAMBERS Cycl, s.v. Extispex, In ltaly, the first ex- 
tispices were the Hetrurians. 1858 SMEDLEY Occult Sciences 
332 ‘The officers were extispices or aruspices. 

e. Obs. [a. Fr. extispicine, f. L. 
oe ictum: see EXTISPICY.] = EXtTIsPicy. 

‘93 Urqunart Radelais ut. xxv, Will you have a trial 
of your aw iicens by the art of aruspiciny ? By augury? or by 
extispicine ? 

- ‘cious, a. Obs. rare—'. Also 7-8 
extispitious. [f. L. extisfici-um the function of 
an EXxTIsPex +-0us.] Of or pertaining to inspec- 
tion of entrails for the purpose of divination. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ef. 1. xi. 44 Thus hath he 
[Satan] deluded many Nations in his Auguriall and Extis- 
picious inventions, 1755 in OHNSON. 

icy (eksti‘spisi). Rom. Antig. Also 
8 extispice. [ad. L. extispictum: see Extispt- 
cious.] Inspection of the entrails of sacrificial 
victims for the | sali of divination ; haruspicy. 

1681 Briount Glossogr., Extispacy. 19a1- -1800 Balcey, 
Extispice. 1751 Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Medicine, Extispi 
or inspecting the entrails of beasts. Smeptey Oce ult 
Sciences 292 Extispicy, the observation of entrails. 


Extol (ekstg'l), v. Also 5-7 extoll(e. [ad. L. 


| extoll-dre, f, ex- (see Ex- pref.') + tollére to raise.] 


| extoll, And lift le and minde. 
Lit, Ethics Wks. (Bohn) II. 205 Neither years nor books | pase Se ee 


+1. “rans. To lift ep 


I Sternnoip & 


raise, elevate. Ods. 
Ps. \xxxvi. 4 Unto thee Lord I 
ya BossEwELL 
Armorie u. 96 He cannot..extol him selfe higher then the 
earth. 1601 Werver Mirr. Mart. B ivb, A begger from 
the dunghill once extold, Forgets him selfe. @ 1625 Beaum. 
& Fi. (Webster 1864), Who extolled you in the half-crown 
boxes. 1650 IT. Bayty Herba Parietis To Rdr., A fiery 
Charriot, able to extoll an Elias up to Heaven. 

absol. 1618 CHAPMAN Hesiod 1. g Great Jove’s will orders 
all ; For he with ease extols, with ease lets fall. _ Sir 
T. Browne Psend. Ef. X. iii. 72 The newtrall point wherein 
its [the iron’s] gravity just equalls the ype, aap quality, 
the one exactly extolling as much as the other depresseth. 

Jig. 1887 Mirr. Mag., Bladud xiv, Our actes extoll Maes 
prayse aboue the skie. 1601? Marston Pasguil § Kath. 
233 Thy praise extold him to the skies. 

+b. =SUBLIME v. 

1657 Tomiinson Kenon's Disp. 90 Such as are not easily 
sublevated..are to be extolled [L. sudZimantur] in a Retort 

of very thick glass. : 7 : 

+2. a. To lift up in dignity or authority ; to up- 
hold the authority of. Ods. 

1545 Jove Exp. Dan. xii. 209 This kinge .. shall extoll 
and preferre himself aboue all the goddis. 1552 LynpEsSAY 
Monarche 5244 Cardinall, Kyng, or Empriour, Extolland 
thare Traditionis Abufe Christis Institutionis. 1570 Act 13 
Eliz. c. 2 § 1 That no Person .. shall .. maintain, defend or 
extol the same usurped Power [of the see of Rome]. 1581 
LamBARDE Evren. ui. vii. (1588) 228 The Treason of extolling 
forein power. 

+b. To ‘lift up’ with pride, joy, etc. Ods. 

+ oa Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 88b, Lest the multy- 
tude of reuelacyons sholde extoll hym, and make hym 
proude. 1609 Bite (Douay) Lcclus. xxxii. 1 Have they 
made thee Ruler? be not extolled. 1664 /lodden F. vi. 54 
Because he vex'd our Land of late, Perchance his stomack 
is extold. : 

+e. To raise too high, make too much of; to ex- 
aggerate, boast of. Ods. 

1494 Fasyan Chron. v. cxl. 127 Walshemen extolle so 
hugely theyr blood & allyaunce. . rdyd so lytle the.. 
ly: yg I bagacna of the Saxons. 1§03 Ha wes Examp. Virt. 
v.48 N sone can extoll the souerente Of her wae 
and ro x dygnyte. 1851 Garpiner A.xflic. Cath. Fait. 
32b, If man should then waxe proude and .. extolle his 
owne deuotion in these ministeries. 1652 Neepuam tr. 
Selden’s Mare Cl. 209 The Hors and Foot and the Sea- 
Souldiers .. extoll'd every one their own hazards. 1796 C. 
Marsnatt Garden. i. (1813) 1 The praise of gardening it is 
presumed can hardly be too much extolled. 

3. To raise high with praise ;.to praise highly; 
to tgs 

isHER Fun, Serm, C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 

home os purpose is not vaynly to extol, or to 

a nifye aboue her merytes. 1582 Bentiey Aon, Matrones 
4 . John extolleth charitie in his Epistle. r60r B. Jonson 

‘oetaster nu. Wks. (Rtldg.) “Eingedt hag .extoll’d your per- 
fections to the heavens, 1683 Brit, Spec. 18 Thou art a 
| pe Isle extolled and renowned among all Nations. 1712 

ppison Sfect. No. 469 » 6 To find Virtue extolled, and 
Vice stigmatized, 1762 J. Brown Poetry §& Mus. v. (1763) 
59 Strabo .. highly extolls this Practice, 1879 Froupe 
Cesar xxvi. 450 Some will extol you to the skies, others 


will find something wantin, 
mn. Obs. vare—', [f. Exton + 


-ATION: cf. med. me extollation-em, OF .extollation.] 
The action of extolling ; landation, praise. 
2 onto Thracian Wonder 1. i, With extollation 


“Extolied d (chstoa), soph. Uf Exton +201. 
+a. Upraised, uprea: elevated (ods.). b, 
Praised, magnified, celebrated. 


a. Torseit Serpents (1653) 613 Discouraged by the 
ohn ,72 of the serpent to h he pe Be y 

Le 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 44 The Prince 
— enamoured of her opry: beautie. 1644 Miron Educ, 


"Extoller (ekstgloz). [f. Exton +- ER1,] One 
who extols (see EXToL 24, 3). 


's Van. Artes 
extollers. 1755 


Extolling (ekstglin), vi/.sd. [f. as - 
-Inc 1] Tee sction of the vb. EXTOL. ae 
1558 Act x Eliz. c. 1. § 27 If any Person..shall..execute 


any for the Extolling .. or Defence of any such.. 
1 fa risdiction. 1560 Declar. Faith in Neal Hist, 
Purit, (1732) I. 161, I do utterly disallow the extolling of 
SHELTON Quix. — ng you 
then mee. 


oe extollings doe more Tee 308 
Siar Ann. Rubee XXVi, The extolling of the 
Rome mad d offence. 


Sebati Hist. Eng: IL. xii. - oa “hind [injunction) 
ro cet: virtues of images y° ae 
Extolling, / a. as prec, + -ING * t 
extols or praises. Hence Exto'llingly adv., in an 
extolling manner, in commendation or praise. 
1886 nt 70 A celebrated physician spoke to me 
extolli h. 


Sristnent (ekstplmént). ? Ods. [f. as prec. 
+ -MENT. Cf. F. extollement ad b igen 2 1571).] 
The action of extolling or baer. 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. v. ii. 121 the verity of extolment; I 
take him to be a soul of great article. Str E. Derixc 
Prop. Sacr. (1644) 17] If..two vind ——_ the 

the 
word. 1813 W. rit in Monthly Rev. oe 
extolments of Cato and others. 

+ ‘nious, a. Ods. rare—', In 6 -youse. 
[£. OF. eston-er to  ASTONISH + -IOUS. ] Astonishing. 

1548 Gest Pr. Masse 78 Which graunt [=admission])..is 
ya ouse and unbeleavable. 


me v. Obs.—° [ad. L. extorgu-ére : 


at Exton XTORT. 1623-6 in Cockeram. 
+ Iinéoves. v. Obs. Sc. Also 6 extorss, 7 
extorce. [f. L. extors- rare form of ppl. stem of 


extorquére: see Exrorr.] trans. To practise ex- 
tortion upon ; hence, to oppress. 

1567 Sc. Acts ¥as. VI (1814) III. 42 Neyther the saidis 
customaris be sufferit to extorss the people as thai haue 
done in tymes past. 1604 Eart Stirtinc Avrora Sonn. 
Ixiv. 13 Too many grieuous plagues my state extorse. 1614 
— Doomes-day, th Houre \xxxix, By men even dead (as 
oft alive) extorc'd, To avarice, else cruelty, still slave. 

absol, 1728 Ramsay Gen. Mistake Wks. 1851 II. 339 A 
penman. -lends, extorses, cheats, 

Extorsion, -er, obs. ff. of ExTorTIoN, -ER. 


Extorsive (ekst?ssiv), a. rare. [f. L. extors- 


(see EXTORSE v.) + -IVE.] a. Serving or by vee 
to extort; ofthe nature of extortion. 
by extortion. 

1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 253 If they make any 
| confession. .it's onely extorsive. 1 Hamitton Farmer 
| Refuted Wks, 1851 11. 50 A complication of extorsive mea- 
| sures, 


Hence + Exto'rsively adv. rare—°. 

1755 in Jounson; whence in mod. Dicts. 

Fa tape ppl. a. Obs. Also 5-6 extorte. 
[ad. L. extort-us, pa. pple. of extorguéd see 
next.) a. Extorted, a ully obtained (rarely 
as pa. pple.). b. esp. in Extort power; whence 
a sense = ‘extortionate’ (in extort exactions). 

1430 Lypa. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi, 7 Ng tytle mar 


success Plumfpton Corr. Soe 
keepe the saan fowl bey extort power contrary to t ig 
1540 prey 32 Hen. VIII, c. 24 The extorte ex: of in- 
numerable summes of monel. Spenser Ff. Q. v. ii. 
_——— great sadees got goodly 


Z oppression of his powre extort. /did. v. x. 25 A 
Cite. . by force extort out of her hand By her strong foe, = 


Extort (ekstfit), v. Also 6 extorte. [f. L. 
extort- ppl. stem of extorguére, f. ex- out + torguére 
to twist.] <diterally, To wrest or wring (some- 
thing) from a person ; to extract by torture. 

1. ‘rans, To obtain from a reluctant person by 
violence, torture, intimidation, or abuse of i 
or official authority, or (in weaker sense) by im- 
Pepa overwhe mi arguments, or eh og 

linfluence. Const. fy out of, ee 
a. with obj. money, payments, etc. 
order of the 


to practise extortion. 
1§a9 in Fiddes Wolsey u. 175 Not for 

diocess but to extort treasure. c1gsg Fisher's Wks., oz ife 

141 arn for diuers bribes extorted vpon manie of 
subiects, Asp. Sanpys Sevm, (1841) 287 He went.. 


not to poll ill, to extort out of the 
what Pol a a it..to do sess Bags, Cd 


teva aig Law Ten ct Qi aes a That the 
lord of a manor may ask mre ee tnean grt ks that he 
can extort from the copyhold tenani 


absol. ¢1592 MaRrLowe mit of Malta n. ii, With extort- 
daguockeling totes’: A 4 ‘dthe with bankrouts ina year. 
1598 BARCKLEY Felic. Me and extort- 
ing wpe his subjects. 


e extorted 
tas6 Hoon Death's Ramble ix He knew that sort of man 


would ext: summon’d to all Ht 3855 Ma- 
CAULAY Witt Bags W, 363 The rapacious governor had 
daily opportunities of em! and 

b. with immaterial obj., actions, utterances, 


EXTORT. 


manifestation of feeling, concessions, acknowledge- 
ments, promises, etc. Said both of persons and of 
circumstances or influences. 

1550 BALe mage Both Ch. u. xvii, Confession in the eare 
was cruellye extorted of Christian people vnder..payne of 
death, 1563-87 Foxe A. § JM. (1596) 5/2 ‘They haue ex- 
torted into thee own hands the plenarie fulness of power, 
1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. vi. 6 Paraphr. 36 My agonies extort 
..tears from me. 1662 SrittincrL, Orig. Sacr. ut. i. § 15 
Neither can hee deserve the name ofa man, from whom the 
observation of the courses of the stars .. does not extort 
gratitude. ao g Gianvitt Sceps. Sci. i, 12 The extorting 
a Confession of that Ignorance. 1732 BerKeLry Alciphr, 
1. § 14 Concessions, which the force of truth seems to have 
extorted from you. ¢ 1750 SHenstone Ruin’d Abbey 175 
No solemn bell extort a neighbour's tear. 1771 Funius 
Lett. liv. 286 These praises are extorted from me. 1818 
Jas. Mut Brit. India Il. v. iv. 443 A situation which 
extorted the compassion of Englishmen. 1863 H. Cox 
Instit. 1. vii. 80 The barons extorted from the King power 
to elect twelve ordainers. i 

ec. In literal sense : To wrest (a material ob- 


ject) from. rare. 

1784 Cowrer Jask y. 189 Nations would do well To extort 
their truncheons from the puny hands Of heroes. 

2. To extract forcibly, ‘ wring’ (a sense or con- 
clusion) from (a passage, premises, etc.). 

1601 Suaks. Twel. N. m1. i. 165 Do not extort thy reasons 
from this clause. 1653 Mitton Hirelings (1659) 31 From 
this example they never will be able to extort that the 
people in those days paid tithes to priests. Mod. How can 
you extort any other meaning from the passage ? 

+3. a. To practise extortion on (a person) ; in 
quot. 1561 with allusion to literal sense ‘to rack’. 
b. To ‘torture’, strain (a law). Obs. 

1561 Godly QO. Hester (1873) 44 The commons he extorteth 
tyll they bee lame. 16r2 Davies Why Ireland, etc. 276 They 
did extort and oppresse the people. 1616 J. Lane Sgr.’s Tale 
xi. 360 Captives .. to Greece transported, sold, and by these 
badd mistresses extorted. 168x Crowne /lex. VJ, 11. 14 We 
may extort the law.. to punish beyond bounds of law. 

Hence Extorrting v4/. sb. and ff/. a. 

1599 Marston Sco. Villanie u. v. 196 Though he laid 
forth all his stock and store Vpon some office.. he will 
trebble it... by his extorting wit, 1641 7apsters Downfall 
7 Not branded with the extorting seale of avarice. a1711 
Ken Hymns Festiv, Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 379 Matthew... set 
in his extorting stall. 1715 Netson Addr. Pers. Qual. 195 
The many extorting Acts, which are practised in those 
Houses of Bondage. 1771 Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. I11. 64 She 
took several very extorting methods by loans. 

+ Extorrt, 5d. Obs. [f. the vb.] The action 
of the vb. Exrort; extortion, torture. 

1556 J. Heywoop Spider § F. \xxxviii. 165 Ye are sure.. 
to get ought by your extort, Or get or kepe ought. 1541 
Sch.-house Women 556 in Hazl. E. P. P. IV. 126 They 
meane it a nother way, And say, she is mans vtter extort. 
1599 Br, Hart Sat. iv, v. 103 Albee such mayne extort 
scorns to be pent, in the clay walles of thatched Tenement. 
[But possibly ‘mayne extort’=extort ower: see ExtorT 
Ppl. a.) 

Extorted (ekstgutéd), Zp/. a. [f. Extorr v, 
+-ED1,] In senses of the vb. Cf. Exrort £/. a, 

1552 Hutoet, Extorted, comfilatus, 1590 SPENSER F, . 
1. vii. 18 With extorted powre and borrow’d strength. 
1593 Suaks, 2 Hen. VJ, ww. vii. 105 Are my Chests filled vp 
with extorted Gold? 1632 Liracow 7vav, V. 206 Weary 
and extorted Trauellers, 1667 FLaveL Saint [ndeed (1754) 
136 These extorted complaints. 1784 Cowrer Task tv. 403 
Live without extorted alms From grudging hands. 1826 
Scort Woodst. xv, An extorted promise of silence, 1865 
Hook Lives Aédfs. II. vii. 449 The rack-extorted admis- 
sions of the persecuted Templars, 

+b. Strained, forced. Ods. 

1622-62 Heyuin Cosmogr. Introd. (1666) 10 How extorted 
and unnatural are the derivations of the Allumzote from 
Almodad, of the Manitz from Abimail, etc. 

Hence + Exto'rtedly adv., by extortion. 

1640 Lp. Dicsy Sf. Trienn. Parl. (1641) 14 A King that 
had .. given all the Rights and Liberties of his Subjects a 
more cleare and ample confirmation freely and gratiously, 
then all his Predecessors .. extortedly. 

Extorter (ekstg#iter). See also Exrorror. 
[f. as prec. +-ER1.] One who extorts, Const. of. 

1sgx Sytvester Du Bartas 1. iii. (1641) 25/1 You strict 
Extorters, that the poor oppress. 1605 CampEeN Rev. 
186 Edric the extorter. 1 ir W. Jones Justit. Hindu 
Law ix. § 258 Extorters of money by threats. 1846 TReNcH 
Mirac, xxix. (1862) 424 God, the extorter of those unwilling 
.. prophecies from wicked men. 

Extortion (ekstj1fon). Forms: 4-6 extor- 
cion, -cioun(e, 4 -cyoune, 5 -cyon, 4-7 ex- 
torsion, 4 -scion, -siun, 5 -sioun, -syoun, 6 
-syon, 4~ extortion. [ad. L. extortion-em, also 
extorsion-em, n. of action f. extorguere (see Ex- 
tort), Cf. F. extorsion.] 

1, The action or practice of extorting or wresting 
anything, ¢sf. money, from a person by force or by 
undue exercise of authority or power; an instance 
of this ; an act of illegal exaction. 

a1300 Cursor M, 27825 (Cott.) O couaitise , . cums, .reuelaic, 
theft, extorsiun. c1340 Hampore Prose Tr. v, (1866) 11 
Thurghe extorcyone, as lordes duse. ¢1386 CHaucer Friars 

7. 131 My wages ben ful streyt .. by extorciouns I lyve. 
1429 Pol, Poems (1859) II. 142 Cherisshe thy lordes, hate 
extorcioun, 1593 SHAKS. 2 Hex. V/,1, iii. 132 The Clergies 
Bags Are lanke and leane with thy Extortions. 1651 HopsEs 
Leviath, ut. xxviii, 166 The continuance, and increasing of 
extortion, a@1715 Burnet Own Time (1724) I, 306 To 
bring them [the Bankers} to an account for their usury, 
and extortions, 1858 Froupe Hist. Eng, III, xvii. 494 By 
bribery and extortion he had obtained yast sums of money. 


467 
b. Law (see quot. 1769). 


1607 Cowet /nterpr., Extortion .. signifieth .. an unlawful 
or violent wringing of mony or mony worth from any man. 
1674 Essex Papers (Camden) I, 229 Vhis Country hath long 
layn under great Oppressions by y@ Extortion of y* Clerks 
of y? Crowne. 1769 Biackstone Comm. 1V. 141 Extortion 
+ consists in any officer’s unlawfully taking, by colour of his 
office, from any man, any money or thing of value, that is 
not due to him, or more than is due, or before it is due. 
1789 Bentuam Princ. Legisl. xiii. § 1 An act of extortion 
on the part of an officer of police. 1848 in WHarton Law 
Lex, 1861 in W. Bett Dict. Law Scot, 

+c. An extortionate claim or impost. Ods. 

1745 De Foe’s Eng. Tradesman 1. xxx. 303 Paying an 
intolerable extortion of fifteen to twenty per cent premium. 

+2. In etymological sense: a. A wresting of 
the sense of a word or phrase. b. A straining (of 
the nerves’. Odés. 

1652 NeepuaM tr. Sedden’s Mare Cl. 27 The Italian Law- 
yers.. do force themselves with all extortion to verifie upon 
the Western Emperor that saying. 1725 Brapiey Fav. 
Dict. s.v. Nerves, The same will also cure the Extorsions 
of the Nerves, if apply’d moderately hot. 

Extortion, v. [f. prec. sb.] a. zztr. To prac- 
tise extortion. Const. zfon, b. ¢rans, To charge 
extortionate prices to ; to overcharge. 

7494 Fasyan Chron. vu. ccxxxiii. 267 The soldyours stale 
and extorcioned vpon both partyes. x1g02 Ord. Crysten 
Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxi. 251 Yf he extorcyon or dys- 
tresse or gyueth ayde or consentynge that to do. 1663 
Spatpinc 7roub, Chas. I (1792) 1. 124 For such [meat] as 
they got they were extortioned. 1833 Marryat P. Simple 
viii, A bed and a breakfast .. for which they extortioned me 
three shillings and sax-pence. [Still in dialectal use (Chesh.),] 

Hence + Exto‘rtioning A//. a. 

1655 Hrywoop Fort. dy Land iv, Wks. 1874 VI. 423 My 
poor usuring, extortioning Master. 

Exto'rtionable, a. rare. [f. as prec. + -ABLE.] 
= EXTORTIONATE, 

1632 Litucow Jrav. v1.246 Two extortionable flatterers, 
Auarice and Ignorance. /é/d. 1x. 403 Finding the fellow 
.. somewhat extortionable. 1775 DucnEess Kincston in 
Cooke's Mem. S. Foote (1805) 1. 205 An extortionable 
assassin of private reputation. 

Exto'rtionary, 7. [f. as prec.+-ary.] Given 
to or characterized by extortion. 

1805 W. Taytorin Ann. Rev. III. 60 The fixed shopkeeper 
is not only less extortionary to his customer, but is more 
taxable tothestate. 183 Cart. Tretawney Adv. Younger 
Son 1. 41 The extortionary Jew, chuckling with ecstacy at 
the usury he was about to realize. 1844 H. H. Wirson 
Brit. India 1. 365 The overbearing and extortionary spirit 
of that military rule. 

Extortionate (ekstg-1fanct), a. [f. as prec. 
+-ATE*.] a. Of persons, their qualities or actions : 
Characterized by extortion. b. Of prices, money 
demands: Grossly excessive, exorbitant. 

1789 Mrs. Piozzi1 Yourn. France I. 119 The inns are very 
extortionate. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. India 1. 457 The 
amount is not extortionate. a 184s Hoop Aut. §& Dragon 
ii, He pounced down like a vulture, And .. Out of every 
man’s meal Took a very extortionate multure. 1853 C. 
Bronte Villette xli. (1876) 472 You are in good hands. M. 
Miret will not be extortionate. 1885 Manch. Exam. 8 May 
5/3 The interest was extortionate and excessive. 

Extortioner (ekst@'sfanaz), [f. as prec. + 
-ER1.] One who practises or is given to extor- 
tion. 

©1375 Pains of Hell 37 in O. E. Misc. App. ii. 211 Pes 
were .. Extorcioners, 1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowd/e iv. xxix. 
(1859) 61 They done none execucion vpon extorcioners, ne 
tyrauntes. 1484 Ricu, III in Ellis Ovzg. Lett. u1. 54 I. 162 
Many been knowen for open murdrers, advowters, and ex- 
tortioners, 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 174 b, The 
vsurer, the thefe, & the extorcioner. 1 Br. Hatt Cases 
Consc. 1. v. 46 Some covetousextortioner. . buyes up the whole 
lading of the ship. 1789 Bentuam Princ. Legis/. xiii. § 1 
The most determined extortioner in office has some bridle 
and some restraint, 1839 THirtwaLt Greece IV, 207 To 
purge the city of the vile informers and extortioners. 

Extortionist (ekst71fonist). [f. as prec. + 
-IsT.] One who extorts something from another ; 
an extortioner. 1885 in Ocitvie. 


+ Exto'rtionize, v. Olds. rare. [f. as prec. 
+-IZE.] intr, To practise extortion. Hence 
+ Extorrtionizing //. a. 

1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Wks. 6/1 Extortionizing Curr. 

+Exto'rtionous, 2. Obs. [f. as prec. +-ous.] 
Characterized by extortion, oppressive. 

1602 Life T. Cromwell u. ii. 89, I know this place to be 
extortionous. 

+ Exto'rtious, «. Obs. Also 6 -sious, 7 -cious. 
[f. Extorti-on + -ous, after the analogy of cap- 
tious.] a. Characterized by extortion, oppressive 
in exactions. b. Gained by extortion; demanded 
in an extortionate manner. 

1602 Fursecke 2nd Pt. Parall. 26 The extorcious and 
tyrannous spoiles of Cleon. 1607 NorpEen Surv. Dial. 34 
The. .overburdening the Tenants. .may be extortious. 1615 
J. SterHens Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 13 Who threatens. . If Clyents 
.. Be slacke in payment of extortious coine. a@1656 Br. 
Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 77 We do well.. to curb the extor- 
tiouscruelties ofsome. a@ 1734 Nort Lives II. 420 Divers 
false and extortious demands which they call Avanias. 
1776 BentHam Wes. (1843) I. 239 The lying and extortious 
jargon of Recoveries, 

ence + Exto-rtiously adv. Obs. . 
1529 More Com. agst. Trib. Wks. 1207 He was growen 


' to substance in that office, that was commonly misseused 


extorsiously. 


EXTRA, 


Extortive (ekstgtiv), a. [f. extort- ppl. stem 
of extorquére (see ExToRT) + IVE.] Of extortion; 
disposed to extort, prone to extortion, 

1646 Eart Mono. tr. Biondi’s Hist. Civ. Warres Eng. 
II. 210 Ambition had made use of cruell means; Avarice.. 
of..extortive means. 1805 An. Reg. 1803, 292 A compro- 
mise between their ability and his extortive capacity. 1879 
H. Georce Progr. & Pov. vu. ii, The extortive power of 
land ownership. 


+ Exto'rtor. OJs. Also 7 extortour. [a. L. 
extortor, agent-n. f. extorguére: see Extort.] a. 
One who extorts; = Extorrer. b. One who 
strains (a law); cf. Extort v. 3 b. 

1590 SWINBURNE Testaments 243 An importunate begger is 
compared to anextortor. 1611 SpEED H7st. Gt. Brit. v1. xiii. 
§ 7 A great Enemie he was to Promoters, Pettifoggers, and 
Extortours of penall lawes. 1614 W. B. Philosopher’s 
Banquet (ed. 2) 128 The Extortor thereof dyed by Famine. 

+ Exto'xicate, a. Obs. rare—'. In 5 -ycat. 
[f. L. ex- + toxic-um poison + -ATE2.] Poisoned. 

1430 Lypc. Chron, Troy iv. xxxiii, An arowe Extoxycat 
sharpe and venymous. 

Extra (ekstra), ¢., adv., and sé. [prob. origin- 
ally short for ExrrRaAoRDINARY, which in 17th c. 
was commonly used as adj., ady., and sb. in 
the senses now belonging to extra, In Fr. 
extra is similarly used, and is explained by Littré 
as ‘a popular abbreviation of extraordinazre’ ; it 
is uncertain whether the Eng. or the Fr. use is the 
earlier. Presumably from Fr. the word has been 
adopted into Ger. (ex/ra), Sp. and It. (estra), A 
Ger. quot. for extra dumm (= ‘extra stupid”) in 
Grimm is dated 1775. 

A. adj. Beyond or more than the usual, stipu- 
lated, or specified amount or number ; additional. 

1776 G. Campsett Philos. Rhet, (1801) I. 361 Instances [of 
barbarisms] are hyp for hypochondriac..penult for penulti- 
mate.. extra for extraordinary. 1780 ‘I. JEFFERSON Corr. 
Wks. 1859 I. 245 Money .. for any extra wants of our own 
troops. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia II. 34 ‘The extra interest 
I must pay one of those extortioners is absolutely so much 
money thrown away. 1818 Art Preserv. Feet 19 The extra 
exercise which the person may have been taking. 1846 
GREENER Sc. Gunnery 217 Cost is a matter of very minor 
consideration, when contrasted with the extra safety ob- 
tained. 1878 Lecky Eng. i 18th C. Il. v. 66 Soldiers were 
employed on extra pay to make the roads. 1888 Miss 
Brapvon Fatal Three 1.ii, She will have to put up with an 
extra bed in the housemaid’s room. 

b. Electr. 

1834 Farapay in Phil. Trans. (1835) CX XV. 47 The whole 
of this extra current might be made to pass at that place. 
1883 J. E. H. Gorvon Electricity 1. xxx. 330 The transient 
currents in a coil are produced by the induction of each 
portion of the current on the neighbouring wires. .these.. are 
called the ‘Extra Currents’. : { ; 

ec. Prefixed to trade designations of sizes (esp. of 
paper), to denote a size somewhat larger than 
that indicated by the name. 

1811 L. M. Hawkins C’fess §& Gertr. I. 134 These £ extra- 
elephant folios’ had not always the most erudite com- 
pilers. 1892 Printer’s Catalogue, Sizes of Cards .. Extra 
Thirds, 3 X_1$ in. Thirds, 3 x 14 in, 1892 Publisher's 
Catalogue, Extra foolscap octavo. f 

d. Of superior or unusual quality; in Zuxtra 
binding, etc. Hence Extra binder. 

1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iv, Her corn-cakes isn't 
extra, not extra now, Jinny’s corn-cakes isn’t. 1875 Ure 
Dict. Arts 1. 424 The cover of the book in extra binding is 
generally fitted on piecemeal. /dd. I. 425 The implement 
generally used by the extra binder for cutting the edges of 
single books is the plough. 

B. adv. a. With adjs. or advbs.: Beyond the 
ordinary degree, unusually. Sometimes hyphened 
as Comé.; upon the resulting adj. a parasynthetic 
sb. is occas. formed, as extra-moral, extra-moralist. 

In recent years, the latest edition of several London evening 
ape has been called the extra-special edition, the latest 

ut one being called ‘ special’. 

1823 Syp. Smitu Botany B, Wks. 1859 II. 15/2 Those 
extra-moralists .. refuse to associate with a convict legally 
pardoned. 1863 Kincstry Water-bad., He must be an extra 
good boy that day, 1868 Darwin in Life & Lett. See! 1908 
80 Any such extra-sterile individuals .. it they should here- 
after breed with other individuals. od, Extra-superfine 
cloth. Extra fine tallow. Extra refined petroleum, Extra 
strong binding. . 

b. In excess of the usual or specified amount. 

Mod. The larger edition contains three maps extra. At- 
tendance is charged for extra. 

C. sb. What is extra or additional; an item 
beyond the school curriculum ; one not included 
in a tradesman’s contract, or a table d’héte bill of 
fare; an additional piece of work; anything given 
in addition or for which an extra charge is made ; 
the extra charge itself; an extra fee ; an additional 
issue of a newspaper ; sfec. at cricket, a run scored 
otherwise than off the bat. 

1803 R. Pertnc in Naval Chron. XV. 154 The extra was 
divided into nights and tides, 1861 THackeray Round 
Papers, 100 Years hence 137 We supplied him with little 
comforts and extras. 1866 L. Carroiw Alice in Wonderland 
ix. 143 ‘With extras?’..‘Yes ,. we learned French and 
music.’ 1870 Dickens £, Drood iii, They are neither of 
Miss Twinkleton’s inclusive regulars, nor of her extras. 1876 
Moztey Univ. Serm. vi. (1877) 126 A soetonnene and 
baffling extra, which was not even formally provided for in 
his scheme, 1884 Lillywhite's Cricket Ann. 55, 332 [runs] 

59-2 


EXTRA-. 


including 30 extras. 1888 Harfer's Mag. LXXVII. 
Hourly Sie cabaeeh undies dieters pace oe 
one day of the riot. F irom ay + 1889 Daily News 5 Aug. 
7/6 The association figure for this class of iron L755 
and hoops and strips are raised ros... with ‘ extras’ for speci 

au; Mod, builder took the contract very low, 
ee to recoup himself by extras. 

|| Extra (ekstra), prep. rare. [L. extra (earlier 
extrad) outside (adv. and prep.), contracted form 
of extera(d), abl. fem. of exter (see Exrenior) in 
phrase exterd parte on the outer side.] Outside, 
externally to. 

1852 W. Grove in Phil. Trans, CXLII. 87 There was some 
effect exhibited extra the voltaic circuit. 


a f fe. The L. adv. and prep. 
extra (see prec.) does not, strictly speaking, occur 


in composition during the classical period, though | 


post-classically it 
dére to shut out, extrévagari to wander outside 
(whence extravagant). Classical L. had however 
the adj. extraordindrius EXTRAORDINARY, f. phrase 
extra ordinem outside the regular order, and late 


formed a few vbs. like extracli- | 


| matrimo‘nial, outside of matrimonial relations. 


L. also extramundinus EXTRAMUNDANE, f. phrase | 


extra mundum, extramiranus (cf. EXTRAMURAL) 
f. extra murum (or miros), extranatiralis ‘ extra- 
natural’, f. extra@ natiram. Many similar adjs. 
were formed\in med.L. on phrases in which extra 
is a prep., and some of these are adopted in Eng., 


as extra-provincial. As the suffix employed in such | 


formations was nearly always identical with that 
used to form an adj. from the sb. governed by 
extra, the words have the appearance of being f. 
extra- + adj. (the actual formation, on ex/ra prep. 
+sb. + suffix, being obscured) ; thus extraordinary 
is felt as meaning ‘outside of what is ordinary’. 
In recent times an enormous number of adjs. of 
this type have been formed. The most important 
compounds of extra-, and those requiring etymo- 
logical explanation, are given in their alphabetical 
place ; of the remainder only a selection can be 
given in the following lists, many nonce-words of 
obvious meaning being omitted. 

1. Adjs. with general sense ‘situated outside 
something’ (e.g. in Anat. a specified organ or 
member), ‘lying outside the province or scope of’ 
(a specified branch of science, department of specu- 
lation or practice). 

Extra-a‘cinous 4vat., outside the acinus or 
racemose gland; see AcINUS 4. Extra-alime’n- 
tary, situated outside the alimentary canal. Extra- 
analo‘gical, out of the range of, not in accordance 
with, analogy. Extra-arti-stic, out of the range 
of, having nothing to do with, art. Extra-atmo- 
sphe'ric, of or pertaining to space beyond the at- 
mosphere. Extra-a'xillar Jo/.=next. Extra- 
axillary Bot., growing from above or below the 
axils, Extra-britannic, not existing in Britain. 
Extra-bu'rghal, beyond the boundary of the 


| trum at its red extremity; also wfra-red. Extra- 


burgh. Extra-cano‘nical, not classed among the | 


canonical books. Extra-ca*psular, ‘outside a 
capsule, having special reference to the articular 
capsules’ (Syd. Soc. Lex, 1884). Extra-cathe'- 
dral [L. cathedra chair], outside the pulpit. 
Extra-ce'llular Zio/., situated or taking place 
outside the walls of a cell. Extra-chri‘stian, 


outside the range of Christian thought ; not to be | 


discussed from a Christian point of view. Extra- 
ci'vical, beyond the province or privileges of a 
citizen; hence Extra-civically adv. Extra- 
clau‘stral, living out of a cloister; secular. 
Extra-co’nstellary As/ron., situated outside, 
hence, not classed under, any constellation. Bxtra- 
co'nstellated f/.a.=prec. Extra-co'rial [L. 
cori-um hide + -At], pertaining to the outside skin 
orepidermis, Extra-corpo‘real, outside the body. 
Extra-co‘smical, acting outside the cosmos or 
universe. Extra-cra‘nial Avat., lying or situated 
outside the skull. Bxtra-on rial ( L. ciria 
court of justice], arranged or made outside a 
court of law. Extra-cuta’neous, outside the 
skin, outside the true skin as opposed to the ys 
dermis. Extra-decre’tal, not included in 

‘Decretals’. Extra-esse'ntial, not included 
in the essence of some thing; hence Bxtra-es- 
sentially adv. Extra-Eu‘ropean, not found in 
Europe. Extra-folia‘ceous Zof., without or ex- 
ternal to the leaf. Bxtra-fo'rmal, beyond or away 
from the strict form; informal. Extra-gala‘ctic 
Astron., outside the galaxy or Milky-way. Extra- 
governme’ntal, beyond the province or proper 
course of government, co aeenaimarthenk (oan 
quot.). Bxtra-histo‘ric, situated outside or be- 
yond the sphere of history; also Bxtra-histo'rical. 
Extra-hu-man, outside the human race, or the 
conditions of human life. Extra-hundredal, 


| seriptura'lity. 


Se. 5 (ee 
i ai 


468 

not included in any hundred. Extra-indu'ctive, 
beyond the province of, or unattainable by, induc- 
tion. Extra-intelle’ctual, beyond the reach of, 
or im) ptible by, the intellect. Extra-juda‘ical, 
outside the conditions of the Jewish dispensation. 
Extra-ju‘gal, beyond, or not hamessed to, the 
yoke. Extra-ju‘ral [f. L. jar-, jis law + -AL] 
(see quot.). Extra-le'gal, ond the i 

of law; not regulated law. Extra-li:mital 
[L. Zimit-em, limes + -AL], beyond the limits of a 
coun or district. Sxtra-li‘mitary, situated 
bey the limit or bounds. + Extra-li‘neal, 
beyond or off the line of rectitude. Extra-lo‘gi- 
cal, lying beyond the legitimate domain of logic; 
hence Extra-lo‘gically adv. + Extra-marine, 
of or pertaining to what is beyond the sea; from 
beyond the sea, Extra-ma‘trical [L. matric-em, 
matrix (see MATRIX) +-AL], situated outside the 
matrix or receptacle of a parasitical plant. Extra- 


Extra-me‘dial, lying outside or beyond the mid- 
dle line. Bxtra-meri‘dional Astron., of or per- 
taining to deviation from the meridian. Bxtra- 
metaphy‘sical, outside the sphere of metaphysical 
enquiry. Extra-me’trical, exceeding the number 
of feet or syllables proper to a metre ; = HYPERME- 
TRICAL, Extra-metropo‘litan, situated outside 
the metropolitan boundary. Extra-na‘tional, 
outside the limits of a nation. Extra-na‘tural 
[L. extranaturalis unnatural], outside the opera- 
tion of natural laws. Extra-nu‘clear, p 

outside the nucleus of a cell. Extra-o'cular, 
situated or occurring outside the eyes. Extra- 
official, outside the legitimate duties or emolu- 
ments of an office. Extra-o'rbital Zoo/., situated 
outside the orbit or eye-cavity (of a crustacean) ; 
hence, Extra-o'rbitally a/v. Extra-pare'ntal, 
occurring outside the body of the parent. Extra- 
patriarchal, outside the conditions of the patri- 
archal dispensation, Extra-peritone‘al, ‘ outside 
the peritoneum’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). Extra- 
phy‘sical, not subject to physical laws or methods. 
Extra-pla‘netary, beyond the region of the 
planets’ movements. Extra-po‘pular, outside or 
independent of the people; not drawn from the 
ranks of the people. Extra-profe’ssional, (a) of 
persons: out of the ranks of a profession ; (4) of 
things : outside the course of professional duties. 
Extra-red, said of rays outside the visible spec- 


re‘gular, outside of, or transgressing the rule; in 
addition to what is regular; hence, Extra-re’gu- 
larly adv. Extra-sacerdo‘tal, outside or form- 
ing no part of the priesthood. Extra-sci‘entific, 
beyond the scope of science, incapable of scientific 
investigation. Extra-scri‘ptural, drawn from 
sources outside the Scriptures; hence Extra- 
Extra-se‘nsible a. and s?., 
(something that is) beyond the reach of sen- 
suous perception.  Extra-se‘nsuous = prec. 
adj. Extra-spe'ctral, lying outside the visible 
spectrum. Extra-sto‘machal, taking place out- 
side the stomach. Extra-syllogistic, beyond 
the scope of, or irreducible to, a syllogism. Extra- 
ta*bular, not contained ira table or list of weights, 
etc. Extra-tellu:rian, beyond or away from the 
earth, Extra-tellu‘ric, outside or not found 
among the constituent elements of the earth. 
Extra-te‘mporal, outside of, or forming no part 
of, the sequence of time. Extra-terrene, Extra- 
terre'strial = existing or originating outside 
the earth or its atmosphere, Extra-the'cal Zoo/. 
and Bot., situated outside the theca. BExtra- 
thei'stic, beyond the range of theism; indepen- 
dent of theistic inquiry. Extra-to:rrid, existing 
outside the torrid zone. Extra-tro’pical, existing, 
situated, or taking place outside the tropics. Bxtra- 
unive'rsity, of or pertaining to matters outside 
the university. Extra-u'rban, beyond or outside 
the walls of a city. Extra-u'terine, existing, 
formed, or taking place outside the uterus. Extra- 
violet Oftics, said of rays outside the visible 
spectrum at its violet extremity. Bxtra-zodi‘acal 
Astron., situated outside the zodiac. Also ExtRa- 
JUDICIAL, EXTRA-MURAL, etc. 


1770 Pennant Zool. 1V. 87 Catalogue of the European 
Reptiles *Extra-Britannic. 1866 

At the southern *extra- park 
W. H. Mux Christ (1842) 
ical books of Tobit and 

= C. Geixte Christ xlix. (1879) 585 He was inti- 
2 *Extra- 

who 
and his 


. 154 Coloring matter. . passes 
or extra-cellular. 1870 HuxLey 
phi ..are neither 
, but are istian..I at- 
wate Sa teen vision of this Extrachristian 
x8or W. ‘T'aytor in Monthly Rev. XII. p22 Those 
ek sound praciotbeme wx Poors Wyclif’ Oo Os 
wi patriotism. OOLE clif’s De Of- 
Reg. 112 marg., The status of the Saxtenclonstral cl 
instituted by Christ is the most perfect. 1823 Cran Tec 
Dict. 1, *Extra-constellary stars. 1860 in W 
in mod. Dicts. ae Bawey, *£.xtra-constellated. 
Pricuarp Nat. Hist. Man 80 All these varieties have their 
seat [in] the *extracorial or exodermal structure. 
Grote PlatoI1.xxiv. 218 Its prior *extra-corporeal existence. 
Ibid. 1. i. 158 He did not proclaim his Nous to mS pee 
ful *extra-cosmical Architect. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Extra- 
cranial. 1887 S. Sexton in Amer. Ann. Deaf July 153 
‘The hearing organ in man_has both an intracranial and an 
extracranial origin. 1882 B. Leecu in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 
473 Those *extra-curial settlements, without which the Act 
will prove a complete legislative fail PricHarp 
Nat. Hist. Man 77 The varieties in the colour of the body, 
and the texture of the inner and ovter integuments, depend 
on the organisation of parts, which are in one sense *extra- 
cutaneous. 1563-87 Foxe A. § M.(1596) 5/r *Extradecretal 
& extra nt constitutions. 1666 Bovie Orig. Formes 
& Qual., Tis *extra-essential to the Form that is said to 
be previous. 1676 Granvitt ss. vii. 25 They perswaded 
lestly in all extraessential doctrines. 1823 De Quin- 
cey Wes. (1863) XIII. 50 xote, Something extra-essential 
in the philosophy. @ . Surrx Sel. Disc. iv. 
112 They ought to judge of things as they are in their 
own naked essences, not with respect to that which 
*extra-essentially adheres to them. 1826 Kirsy & Sr. 
Entomol. UI. 42 Neither can it be affirmed of *extra- 
European i 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Extrafolia- 
cee stipule. *Extrafoliaceous stipules. 1829 Loupon £n- 
cycl. Plants 147 Prickles two, extra-foliaceous, 1884 in 
yd. Soc, Lex. 1833 Sir W. Hamutton Discuss. (852) 140 
The distinction of the enthymeme through the *ex formal 
character of its premises. 1851 Nicuot Archit. Heav. 110 
An *extra-galactic phenomenon. 1870 Pxoctor Other 
Worlds xi. 264 The scattered stars of very low itudes 
in the extragalactic heavens, 1866 A. L. Perry E/em. Pol. 
Econ. (1873) 515 [It] is as pitiful on the one side as it is 
*extra-governmental on the other. 1873 EarLe Philol. Eng. 
Tongue § 203 A group. .*extra-grammatical..in the sense 
that they do not enter into the grammatical construction. 
1846 Grote Greece 1. iv. 1. 111 They included elements 
human and historical as well as elements divine and *extra- 
historical. /id. 1. i. I. x Various monstrous natures, ultra- 
human and *extra-human, who cannot with riety 
called gods. 1864 Maine Anc. Lawi. (1876) 12 enpering. oe 
extra-human interposition. Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser. 
11. 332 His conditions are wholly extra-human. 1875 Stusss 
Const. Hist. 1. xi. 402 note, A manor of ancient demesne 
was *extra-hundredal. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. i. 
§ 1. 246 The idea of mind is *extra-inductive. 1885 Life F. 
Hinton vi. 118 It is *extra-intellectual as the ‘line’ is extra- 
sensuous, ae Cu Homer UU. 6 The vestiges of 
extra-patri and “extra-judaical relations between God 
and man are undeniable. 1782 PownaLt Antiquities 259 
We read in Homer, in the case of Achilles’ chariot, of an 


additional *extrajugal horse. 1875 Poste Gaius v. Comm. 
(ed. 2) 516 *Extra-jural or outside the court. Hunton 
ix. 65 It concernes only .. their 


Vind. Treat. Monarch 
Absolute, *extra-legall Will; not their Authority. 1806 W. 
Taytor in Aun. Rev. 1V. 239 The extra-legal perpetuation 
of authority. 1871 Freeman //ist, Ess. Ser. 1. xii, 384 The 
word ‘Government ’..has come to be ied to this extra- 
legal and 
purposes. ‘QUES 
Birds N.-W. 45 The *extralimital quotations ae south- 
ward are very numerous. 
species..and Le row which are extra-limital, or a sooner 
or later be fou: straying inte: Switzerland, 1820 T. MircHett 


Aristoph. 1. 73 note, .-had cultivated some 
sacred *extralimitary land, “tay ie Craic. 1691 Norris 
He [the sinner] chooses 


1864 Bowen Logic ix. 
of Fallacies is extralogical. 

ilv.), iversal quantification 
afhrmatives has been fi eens 
1612 Woopat Surg. Mate Wks. (1653 

of heathen wera ser and *extramarine 
1884 Bower & De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 383 In 
tramatrical 


Christia press! g: 
gratification? 1852 Dana Crust. 247 The and 
extramedial [areolets] are usually 
SCHEL Astron. ii. 90 If it [the pole star] pass from one to 
t 


the 

othe culmination in ual intervals of time, it 
other apparent ea iran textra-meridional error must exist. 
Dove ypothesis 


*ex! 
1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (1879) UL. The “extra- 1856 Logic Chr. Faith v. i. § %. 2 The h 

olen infiltrations of the weens calle” 1077 Huxtay Anat, | itself .. is *extra-n cal. 1863 Ciarxe & Grover 

Inv. Anim, xi. 644 The *extra-alimentary tissues, Shaks, Wks, 1. xviii practi g aline end 

Grote Greece (1862) I. xvi. 342 The “extra-analogical features | with two unaccen **extrametrical * syllables. — 

of the stories. 1880 Vern. Lee Belcaro i. 10 ‘Those foreign, Times LXXIX. 253/1 This Act .. only concerned 

*extra-artistic, irrelevant interests. 187x Herscnet in metropolitan local boards. 1864 KincsLey Rom. & Teut. viii. 

Month. Nat. XXX1. 169 Evidence not to be refused of its (1875) 201 Out of a political fact, arose the *extra-national. . 

*extra-atmospheric oye. 1851 Ocitvie, *Extra-axillar, | position. 1794 J.Witiams Crying Ep. 55 note, This: Sento: 

1829 Loupox Encycl. Plants 433 Flowers solitary, axillary, natural Statesman. 1876 Huxtey Lect, in Cycl. Sc. 

or “extra-axillary, but more frequently terminating. (1883) I. 607 There may have been a when “ \- 
| Vines Sachs’ Bot. 490 A few cases of .. extra-axillary ‘h int the general course of Nature. 


EXTRACT. 


1887 Q. Frul. Microsc. Sc. XXVIII. 96 The *extranuclear 
network (intracellular) is apparently of the same nature as 
the intranuclear, since the two have been shown to be con- 
tinuous in many cells. 1826 Kirpy & Sp, Evtom. (1828) III. 
xxxiv. 513 In Nepa the antenne may be called “extraocular. 
1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 768 Complications of cataract 
with extra-ocular disease. 1797 Monthly Rev. XXII. 240 
Mr. Robinson..must excuse us from attention to *extra- 
official matters. 1826 Miss Mitrorp V7d/age Ser. u. (1863) 
332 Many a job, extra-official, hath he turned his hand to, 
pe Dana Crust. 373 The arm projects. . beyond the *extra- 
orbital spine. 1870 RotLeston Anim. Life 3 The duct of 
the *extraorbitally-placed portion. 1864 Athenzum No. 
1920. 215/3 The individuallty of the butterfly is .. perfect 
through all these visible and *extra-parental metamor- 
phoses. 1858 Grapstone Homer II. 6 In..*extra-patri- 
archal.. relations. 1836 Topp Cyci. Anat. I. 19/2 The 
viscera intra-peritoneal and *extra-peritoneal. 1822 [G. 
Grote] Anal, [nfl. Nat. Relig. 109 Applications for *extra- 

hysical guidance. 1869 Puirson tr. Guillemin'’s Sun 77 

he aphelion distance of the comet of 1844. .is lost in *extra- 
planetary space. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xxxi. IV. 211 An 

extra-popular or privileged few. 1856 /é/d. 11. xciv. XII. 
358 A — and a less measure of extra-popular authority. 
1799. EDDOES Contrib. Phys. Med. Knowl. Introd. 
1o The leisure of the *extra-professional members. 1849 
Grote Greece u, Ixviii. (1862) VI. 129 No extra-professional 
person thinks of contesting the decision of a surgeon. 18.. 
Med. Repos, (Ogilv.), These studies were extraprofessional. 
1860 TyNDALL Glac, u, vi. 254 Water then absorbs all the 
*extra red rays of the sun. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. E-xenip. 
Pref. p 24 An *extraregular.. punishment. 1678 Lively 
Orac. ii. § 53. 258 Men..set up new extraregular Courts of 
Justice. 1739 J. Trappe Right. over-much (1758) 34 These 
extra-regular novelists. 1649 JER. Taytor Gt. Exemp, m1. 
xiv. 2r *Extraregularly.. holy persons have miscarried in 
battle. 1835 I. Taytor Sir. Desfot. iii. 95 An *extra- 
sacerdotal class, namely that of the prophets. 1874 H.R. 
Reynoips Yohn Bapt. v. § 2. 325 It may be pronounced 
transcendental, or *extra-scientific. 31825 CoLERIDGE A/ds 
Refit. (1848) I. 144 Each of these *extra-scriptural ar- 
ticles of faith, 1875 E. Wuite Life in Christ wv. xxvi. 
(1878) 416 We should bring forward some extra-scriptural 
evidence of the recognition of the doctrine. 1842 G. S. 
Faser Provinc, Lett, (1844) 11. 48 That congeries of *Extra- 
scripturalities and Unscripturalities which characterised 
the fourth century. 1874 Lewes Prod. Life & Mind Il. 
iv. § 85 ‘The distinction .. between the conception of atoms 
as *extrasensibles and the conception of them as conve- 
nient fictions. 1885 Life ¥. Hinton vi. 118 *Extra-sen- 
suous. 1849 Mrs. SomerviLLE Connex. Phys. Sc. xxiv. 
236 There are three *extra-spectral lines beyond the red. 
1881 Darwin Larthworms 4, 1 am not aware of any 
other case of *extra-stomachal digestion. 1855 H. Spencer 
Prine. Psychol. (1872) 11. vi. vill. 99 Simple deliverances 
of reason .. having the highest degree of certainty, which 
are entirely *extra-syllogistic. 1780 Kirwan in Phil, 
Trans. UXXXI, 29 The *extra-tabular proportions are to 
be sought in the manner already shewn. 1881 19¢h Cent. 
455 Divine beings and *extra-tellurian life. 1868 Lockyer 
Heavens (ed. 3) 197 The *extra-telluric matters of which 
the meteor was composed. 1865 GroTtE Plato I. i. 22 
note, In the Platonic Parmenides we find 7d éaihuns .. an 
*extra-temporal moment. 1863 Dre Quincey Ceylon Wks. 
XI. 10 A local..upon our earth, and not in some “extra- 
terrene orb. 1868 Lockyer Heavens (ed. 3) 188 Bodies 
situated in the *extra-terrestrial regions, 1882 Nature 
XXVILI. 173 The oblique direction of the meteor .. is an- 
other evidence of its extra-terrestrial origin. 1856 Linp- 
say Brit. Lichens 7o The spores. .sometimes appear naked, 
or *extrathecal. 1887 G. WP OWLER in Q. ¥rul. Microsc. 
Sc. XXVIII. 7 By far the greatest thickness of the coral is 
laid down .. by the calicoblasts of the extra-thecal part of 
the polyp, 188: G. J. Romanes in Nature XXIV. 429 It 
is neither theistic nor atheistic; it is simply *extra-theistic. 
1852 Dana Crust. u. 1510 The *extra-torrid species belong 
almost exclusively to the Mediterranean, 1783 BLAGDEN 
in Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 368 The cold..abated 20 or 30 
degrees. .no greater alteration than frequently takes place 
in most *extratropical climates, 1830 LinpLey Wat. Syst. 
Bot, 232 Verbascum is wholly extratropical. 1862 Dana 
Man, Geol. 615 The cold extratropical currents that flow 
towards the equator, 1887 Pali Mall G. 30 Nov. 4 ‘tr *Ex- 
tra university experience. 1773 Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 634 
*Extra-urban cemeteries. 1 J. Yonce in Phil, Trans. 
XXXVI. 428 *Extra-uterine Paneve's have been sometimes 
found. 1803 Edin. Rev. I. 498 An extra-uterine gestation 
had there taken place. 1863 ‘T'ynpatt Heat xii. (1870) 409 
The pile was caused to pass successively through positions 
corresponding to the various colours of the spectrum, and to 
its *extra-violet rays. 1686 Goap Cedest. Bodies 1. xiv. 344 
1,’s Opposition kindles it in the Asterism *Extrazodiacal. 
1869 f. Martineau £ss. II, 359 Stellar spheres, seen from 
an extrazodiacal position. 

+2. Comb. of L. extra adv., with sense ‘in an 
external condition’. Ods. 

1713 A. Cottier Clavis Univ. Introd. (1836) 6 My enquiry 
is not concerning the Existence, but altogether of the Extra- 
existence of certain things. 

Extract (ekstreekt), AA/. a. [ad. L. extract-us, 
pa. pple. of extrahére to Extract.] Extracted ; 
in various senses of the vb. 

Pas es pple. a. Taken out, obtained out of 
something. b. Derived (froma source), descended 
(from an ancestry), ¢. Distracted, taken out of 
one’s wits ; cf. EXTRAUGHT 2, ExTRAOTING Z#/, a. 

a. 3515 Barctay Lgdoges iv, (1570) C vj/2 To sing one 
ballade extract of sapience. 1610 MarkHam JVasterf. 1. 
civ. 206 Oyles extract out of wood or mettals will last long. 
@ 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law iii. (1630) 13 The 
leasee by implication shall have the warren di ed and 
extract during his lease. 5 

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 425/3 Saynt rigoberte..was 
extract or come out of the moste excellent lygnage. 1525 
Lp. Berners Froiss. I. clxxxi. [clxxvii]. 3 He was ex- 
tracte by his mother syde of a duke of Bretayne. 1603 
Hotanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1024 The Sun. .is the very issue 
extract from that Good. a164r Br, Mountacu Acts & 


va 


469 


Mon, (1642) 233 Herod was. originally a Jew, extract from 
them who, upon the Edict of Cyrus, returned at the first 
time..to Jerusalem. 

ec. 1608 Hist. Hamblet ii. Ciijb, To try if men of great 
account bee extract out of their wits. . 

2. Zpl.a. Drawn or taken out. Now only in 
Extract decree (Scots Law: cf. ExTRACcT v. 2c). 

1643 T’. Goopwin Child of Light 195 The originall. .is more 
authenticall then extract copies. 1708 J. Puitirs Cyder 11. 
65 Stor’d with Streams Egregious, Rum and Rice’s Spirit 
extract. 1856 Act 19-20 Vict. c. 56 § 35 marg., Sheriff may 
seize Books of Crown Debtor under Extract Decree. | 1861 
W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 373/2 The form and execution of 
extract decrees, 

Extract (e‘kstrakt), sd. [In senses 1-3 ad. L. 
extract-um, neut. pa. pple. of extrahére to Ex- 
TRACT. In sense 5 repr. L. extracta, fem. pa. pple., 
used subst. in Eng. Law (=AF. estrete: see Es- 
TREAT). In sense 6 perh. formed in Eng. on 
Exrract v.; cf. however OF. estraite in same 
sense. ] 

De at deeper Something drawn or taken out 
of a thing ; also fig. the ‘ pith’ of a matter. Obs. 

1570 Levins Manzp. 6/20 An Extracte, extractum. 1897 
Hooker Zec?. Pod. v. lvi. (1611) 307 The words of Adam.. 
‘flesh of my flesh, and bone of my bones,’ a true native 
extract out of mine owne bodie. 1605 CampEN Qe. 140 
heading (Allusions), I will now present vnto you a few 
extracts out of names. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 
1. xiii. 116 The extract of all is, that he [Duke of Hertford] 
was chosen by the People and Parliament then sitting. 

2. ‘The substance extracted; the chief parts 
drawn from anything’ (J.); in mod. use ‘a phar- 
maceutical term applied to the tough or viscid 
matter obtained by treating any substance with 
solvents and then evaporating the solvent’ (Watts). 
Also loosely used for any preparation containing 
the active principle of a substance in a concen- 


trated form. 

1590 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. w.ii, An ointment .. 
Distilled from the .. simplest extracts of all minerals. 1605 
TIMME Quers?t, 11. 182 One scruple of the extract of be- 
tonie. 1656 H. More Exthus. Tri. 9 This intoxicating 
Potion is made of the extract of certain hearbs. 1712 tr. 
Pomet’s Hist. Drugs 1. 28 Schroder makes an Extract of it 
with..Water. 1811 A. T. THomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 617 
In preparing all kinds of extracts, evaporate the fluid as 
quickly as possible. 1875 H. C. Woop Vheraf, (1879) 18 
Fluid extracts are very concentrated fluid preparations. 
1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Extract of beef. Mod. Advt., With 
Malt or Meat Extract an Ideal Diet for Infants. 

Jig. 1645 Quarces Sod. Recant. vii. 34 Wisdom’s th’ extract 
of knowledge. 1677 Gitpin Demonol, (1867) 12 Not only is he 
[Satan] wicked, ie the spirit and extract of wickedness. 
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. (ndia II. 1. ix. 299 Englishmen con- 
sider English law as the pure extract of reason. 1847 L. 
Hunt Men, Women, & B. II. iii. 45 A specimen of the 
volatile extract of Steele. 

b. =Exrractive B 50.2. Obs. 

1807 T. THomson Chew. (ed. 3) II. 354 Besides tannin, 
extract must be present in this precipitate. 1810 Henry 
Elem. Chem. (1840) 11. 188 Vegetable Extract or Extractive 
..is..of a brownish colour, and generally of a bitterish 
taste. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. iii. (1814) 85 Extract 
or the extractive principle exists in almost all plants .. it 
seems to be composed principally of hydrogene, oxygene, 
carbon and a little azote. 

ec. transf. (See quot.). 

1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V.261/1 The latter [cotton in 
worn-out fabrics] is destroyed by a chemical process, leav- 
ing the wool intact, which is then called ‘ extract’. 

+3. A summary; an outline. Obs. Cf. Fr. ex- 
trait, It. estratto. 

1549 CHALONER Erasmus on Folly G iij b, Let us draw on 
the other side .. the extract of a man of wisedome. 1605, 
Bacon Adv. Learn. u. vi. §1 They supposed the world to 
bee the Image of God, and man to be an extract or com- 
pendious Image of the World. 1625 — Zss., Stedies (Arb.) 
1r Some Bookes .. may be read by Deputy, and Extracts 
made of them by Others. 1656-81 BLount Glossogr., Ex- 
tract..a breviate or abridgement. : 

A passage copied out of a book, manuscript, 
etc. ; an excerpt, quotation. 

1666 Pepys Diary 31 July, [He] brought me up this ex- 
tract out of the Flanders letters to day come. 1707 FLoyER 
Physic. Pulse-Watch 337 To gratifie the Curiosity of In- 
genious Inquirers, I made the following Extract. 1803 
Med. Frnl, X. 142 These extracts are long. 1872 Ray- 
MOND Statist, Mines & Mining 192 These extracts..might 
be still further multiplied. 

transf. 1827 Lytton Pelham xii, There was, indeed, a 
motley congregation; country esquires; extracts from the 
universities ; half-pay officers, etc. 

5. Law. +a. =Estreat sd. (obs.). b. Sc. Law 
(see quot. 1861). 

a Biount Law Dict., Extracts. See Estreats. 

b. 1606 Act of Council in Sc. Acts 23 Fas. VI, c. 19 
Common and ordinarie Extracts, for every sheet extracted, 
xiii. sh. iiii. d. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 374/1 Ex- 
tract. The term extract, in the law of Scotland, signifies 
either the proper written evidence, or warrant on which 
diligence or execution on a judicial decree may issue}; or it 
signifies a copy, authenticated by the proper officer, of a 
deed, writing, or other entry, the principal of which, either 
is in a public record, or a transcript of which, taken from 
the principal, has been preserved in a public record. 1868 
Act 31-2 Vict. c. 100. §68 If no Appeal shall have been 
taken, the Clerk of the Court may give out the Extract. 

+ II. 6. = Exrracrion 5. Obs. Cf. OF. ex- 
tratte. 


1630 B. — New Inn. v, She shews her extract, and 
I honour her for it. 1691 Woop Ath, Oxon, Il. 722 He 


EXTRACT. 


was a Scot born, or at least of Scotch extract. a1734 
Nortu £xam. 1. iii. (1740) 223 Every Soul, who gets to be 
rich, immediately enquires into his Extract. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. 1. 344 note, The first child of European extract, 
born in New England. 

Extract (ekstrekt), v. [f. L. extract- ppl. 
stem of extrahére, f. ex- out + trahére to draw. Cf. 
Fr. extraire.} To draw out. 

1. trans. In general sense: ‘To draw out of any 
containing body or cavity’ (J.). 

Now only with some notion of one or other of the more 
specific senses. 

1570 Levins Manip. 6/25 To Extract, extrahcre. 1603 
Suaks. Meas. for M.u1. ii. 50 Is there none of Pigmalions 
Images. .to bee had now, for putting the hand in the pocket, 
and extracting [it] clutch’d? 1684 T. Burner 7h. Earth 
I, vii. 83 If these waters were any way extracted and laid 
upon the surface of the ground, nothing would be gain’d as 
to the Deluge by that. 2 

2. ‘To take from something of which the thing 
taken was a part’ (J.). 

1634 Sir T. Herzsert 7vav. 56 ‘They had whole moun- 
taines of excellent blacke marble .. out of which the 
Imperiall Palace was extracted and cut out. 1667 Mitton 
P.L. vit. 497 1 now see .. my self Before me; Woman is 
her Name, of Man Extracted. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 
III. 258 Freeholders ; whose estates were afterwards ex- 
tracted out of the demesnes of the manor. 

b. esp. To copy out (a passage in a book, etc.); 
also, to make extracts from (a book). 

1607 ‘lorseLt Four-f. Beasts (1673) 266 Finding nothing of 
substance in him [Gesner] which is not .. extracted .. by 
them. 1724 Swirt Drafier’s Lett. iv, I have thought 
it proper to extract out of that Pamphlet a few of these 
notorious Falsehoods. 1798 Frrriar (lusty. Sterne ii. 
43, extract the following passages as specimens. 1838-9 
Hariam “Hist, Lit. I. iii. 1. §8. 149 The treatise was .. 
abridged, extracted and even turned into verse. 1855 
Bain Senses & Znt. u. iv. § 13 It will be convenient to ex- 
tract entire the section devoted to this subject. 

ec. Sc. Law. To take out a copy of (a recorded 
judgement) with a view to execution. Also + Zo 
extract forth. Cf. Esrreat v. 

1597 Sc. Acts Jas. VI, 177, Collected .. and extracted 
foorth of the Bukes and Register of the Actes of Parlia- 
ment. 1606 [see Extract sé. 5b]. 1681 Cotvit Whigs Sup- 
plic. (1751) 94 He forg’d records, and them enacted To bear 
false witness, when extracted. 1752 J. Lournian Form of 
Process App. (ed. 2) 266 ‘The Expence of extracting the 
Protestation. 1837 LockHart Scott xx, The subalterns, who 
.. recorded and extracted the decrees of the Supreme Court. 
1868 Act 31-32 Vict. c. 100 §57 Notwithstanding that the 
Interlocutor of the Lord Ordinary may have been extracted 
and put to Execution. 

absol. 1751 Act Sederunt 4 Jan. heading, Prohibition by 
the Lords against Agents to extract, or Extractors to agent. 

3. To get out (the contents of anything) by force, 
effort, or contrivance; to take out (anything em- 
bedded or firmly fixed). Often with reference to 
surgical operations, dentistry, and the like. 

1628 WitHer Brit. Rememb. 219 Upon Argeir we had a 
faire designe That much extracted from our silver mine. 
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth w. (1723) 215 The.. 
mineral Matter..is..so diffused ..amongst the crasser 
matter .. that ’twould never be possible to separate and 
extract it. 1732 ArsuTHNoT Reles of Diet 428 The Stone 
in the Bladder is..a mortal Disease, if not extracted. 1767 
Goocu 7veat. Wounds 1. 210 After many fruitless attempts 
to extract an arrow. 1794 S. WituiamMs Veriont 190 One 
of these customs, was that of extracting their beards by the 
roots. 1807-26 S. Coorer First Lines Surgery (ed. 5) 158 
Army surgeons .. always .. extract the ball as soon as 
possible. 1834 Mrepwin Angler in Wales I. 112 One of 
the best. .anglers in England. . had only been able to extract 
three of its inhabitants. 1841 Lane Avad. Nts. I. 80 He 
took out a knife, and picked at the lead until he extracted 
it from the bottle. 1878 L. P. Merepitu Teeth 127 
Fractures in attempts to extract teeth, often expose the pulp. 

b. fig.; esp. to draw forth (a confession, money, 


etc.) against a person’s will. 

1599 Nasue Lenten Stuffe Wks. 1883-4 V. 297 And there 
[by torture] eyther tear him limbe from limbe, but hee will 
extract some capitall confession from him. 1670 MArvELL 
Corr. cl. Wks. 1872-5 II. 328, I had writ sooner could I have 
extracted out of Sir Philip..anything which I thought 
materiall. 1765 H. WaLpoLte Otranto v. (1798) 78 He used 
every insinuating. .argument to extract her consent. 1825, 
Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 1116 He had extracted the last 
extractable halfpenny. 1833 Hr. Martineau Three Ages 
iii, 93 Nothing could be extracted from him relative to his 
former associates. 1860 ‘I'yNDALL Glac. 1. xvi. 108, I..tried 
to extract some direct encouragement from him. | 

4. To obtain (constituent elements, juices, etc.) 
from a thing or substance by suction, pressure, 
distillation, or any chemical or mechanical opera- 
tion. Said both of personal and material agents. 


+ Also zztr. for refi. (obs. rare). 

1594 Prat Yewell-ho., Chem. Concl. 3 The maner of draw- 
ing, or extracting of the oiles out of hearbes. 1626 Bacon 
Sylva § 645 Out of the Ashes of all Plants they extract a 
Salt, which they vse in Medicines. 1641 Frencn Distzdd. 
i. (1651) 33 Let the Spirit extract in digestion till no more 
feces fall to the bottom. 1667 Mitton ?. LZ. v. 25 How the 
Bee Sits on the Bloom extracting liquid sweet. *799 G. 
Smita Ladorat. I. 97 Distil them with water..till all the 
spirits are extracted, 1816 J. SmitH Panorama Sc. §& Art 
IL. 444 Filter the liquor, wash the sediment with water, 
till it ceases to extract any thing. 1853 Soyer Pantroph. 
131 When the cook wanted to extract the salt, he first boiled 
the meat well in milk. 1875 Ure’s Dict. Arts III. 1146 
The skins being present, the wine which is in process of 
formation extracts tannic acid from the skins, 

absol, 1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 79 You labour. .in extract- 
ing after the manner introduc’d by Neotericks. 


ee ae ee 


EXTRACTABLE. 


b. fig. ; esp. to obtain (comfort, pleasure, happi- 
ness) from a specified source; also, to draw out 
(the sense of anything); to deduce (a doctrine, 
principle, right, etc.). 

1596 Davies Orchestra ciii, He [Love] first extracted 


470 


1530-1 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 14 He.. shal be suffred to 
remayne ..in the ee 


from § 481 Rew 
much. .if it be set by a Fig-tree : AS GC cacod Ly od 


from th’ earth-mingled mind That heau’nly fire, or quint- 
essence diuine, 1599 Saks. Hen. V, 11. ii. 101 May it be 
possible, that forraigne hyer Could out of thee extract one 
sparke of euill? 1719 Youn Busiris iv. i, To see us act like 

rudent men, And out of ills extract our happiness. 1 
Fouxsox Tax. no Tyr. 44 No general right can be extract 

rom them [the charters]. 1798 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 317 
note, In whatever situation he was placed he [Franklin] ex- 
tracted something useful for himself or others. 1863 Gro. 
Eutor Romola 1. iii, [He] means to extract the utmost pos- 
sible amount of pleasure. .out of this life. 1890 Lo. Eser 
in Law Times Rep. LXIII. 693/2 It is sought by this 
defendant to extract from that case this doctrine, that, etc. 

5. Math. Zo extract the root of a number or 
quantity: to obtain the root by a mathematical 
process. Also + Zo extract (a quantity): to find 
the root of. 

157 Dicces Pantom. u. xxii. Pij, From the quotient 
thereof. .extracte the quadrate roote. 1676 GLanvitt Ess. 
iii. 13 The Method of Extracting Roots in the most nume- 
rous Equations. 1751 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Extraction, 
To extract the root out of a given power, is the same thing 
as, etc. 1827 Hutton Course Math. 1. 86 Mixed numbers 
may be .. extracted by the first or second rule. /did. I. 89 
Extract the cube root of 571482-19. 

6. Occasional uses after Lat. or Fr. 

+a. To take away, withdraw. Ods. 

1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 60 O Lorde, I have 
bene wicked, and justlie may thow extract thy grace from 
me. /6id. 333 By your faynting, and by extracting of your 
suppoyt, the enimeis ar incoraged. 

+b. Only in fassive: To be derived or descended. 
Const. from, of. Obs. Cf. EXTRACTION 5. 

c1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxi. 71 He is a man come of 
a grete house and extracted of hyghe parentage. 157; 
Houinsuep Chron, I. 95/1 Of the first, the kings of Kent 
were lineallie extracted. 1605 Campen Rem. 13 This 
English tongue extracted out of the olde German. .is mixed. 
1647 CLARENDON Hist. Red, 1. (1843) 5/1 The enriching a 
private family (how well soever originally extracted). ne 
Waney Wond. Lit. World v. ii. § 70. 471/2 Michael the 
eighth. .extracted from the Comnenian Emperours. 

+e. To ‘derive’, affirm to be derived from a 
specified origin. Obs. 

1634 W. Tirwuyr tr. Badzac’s Lett. 341 It .. angers me, 
that out of the poorest part of Rhetoricke received among 
the ancients, they will needes extract all ours. 

Extractable (ekstrektab’l), a. 
-ible. ([f. prec. + -ABLE.] 

That may be extracted: a. gen. (cf. esp. senses 
3, 4 of the vb.). b. Of a passage in a book, ete. : 
Suitable for extraction; quotable. ¢. Sc. Law. 
Of a judgement, etc.: Ready to be copied out for 
execution. 

1675 Grew Anat. Plants Lect. vi. ii, § 2 Their tastable 
parts [are] less easily extractable by the Tongue. 1776 
Bentuam Ch. Eng. (1818) 302 The profit extractible out 
of the expense. 1825 [sez Extract v. 3b]. 1835 Blackw. 
Mag. XXXVIIL. 380 We will now seck a humorous ex- 
tractable passage. 1868 Act 31-32 Vict. c. 100 § 63 The 
Court .. sha!l ..pronounce Ju ent..and such Judgment 
shall be extractible in common Form, /éid. c. ror § 51 The 
decree for such expenses shall be extractable by the ex- 
tractor of the Court of Session. 1892 7ymes 13 July 11/3 
The quantity of sugar extractable from the root [of beet]. 

+ Extra‘ctedly, a/v. Obs. rare—'. [f. ex- 
tracted, pa. pple. of ExTRact v. + -LY2.) By ex- 
traction or descent. 

a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 236 He was a 
Romane, though an Israelite extractedly. 

Extracter: see ExTRacror. 

Extractiform (ekstra-ktifprm), a. 
extract-um EXTRACT + -(1)FORM. 
nature or appearance of an extract. 

1860 in Worcester ; and in later Dicts. 

Extracting (ekstre'ktin), vd/. sb. [f Ex- 
TRACT v. + -ING1.] The action of the vb. Ex- 
TRACT; extraction. 

a1626 Bacon Phys. Rem. Wks. 1740 I. 217 The draw- 
ing one metal or mineral out of another which we call 
extracting. 1874 Manarry Soc. Life Greece x. 315 An, ex- 
bor rat. of thought from the dormant intellect of a pupil. 

attrib, 1635 Siwses Soul's Conf?. (1638) 13 Vapours 
drawne up by the Sun..(when the extracting force of the 
Sun leaves them) fall downe again to the earth. 1883 Daily 
News 27 July 2/1 The extracting levers [of these guns] have 


“Extra'cting, #//. «. [f. i) 
ac , Ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2. 

1. That extracts (in senses of the vb.). 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. ii. 181 Such an hirudinous 
and extracting Lady as Dulcinea. 

+2. ?Used for ‘distracting’. Obs. rare~". 

160r Suaks, Twel, N, y. i. 288 They say poore Gentle- 
man, he’s much distract. A most extracting frensie of mine 
owne From my remembrance, clearly banisht his. 

(ekstraekfon). [a. Fr. extraction 
(OF. also in semi-popular form estracton), ad. 
med.L, extraction-em, n, of action f. L, extrahdre : 
see ExTRact v,] 

1. The action or process of drawing (something) 
out of a receptacle ; the pulling or taking out (of 
anything) by mechanical means; + withdrawal or 
removal (of a person); an instance of this. 


Also 8-9 


[f. mod.L. 
Having the 


o ry laborious 
nor in Brazil. 1799 Newson in Nicolas Dis. 
(1845) I i 9a 1 Sell mot paren the extraction of core, toon 
Sicily, 1799. Med. Frnl. i 

already dead. 1829 S, Coorer Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) 


might not really be the cause of the trouble. 

rg. 1874 Mor.ey Compromise (1886) 152 The extraction 
of the first and more permanent elements of the old faith, 
to make the purified material of the new. 

+b. The drawing of an inference; a deduc- 
tion. Obs. 

1622 T. Scott Belg. Pismire 12 Here wee finde. .advised.. 
A Conclusion, or profitable extraction from the consultation; 
and be wise. 

2. a. The action of extracting or copying out (a 
passage) from a book, etc.; +b. concr. An ex- 
tracted passage, quotation (obs.) ;= EXTRACT 5d. 4. 

1656 Jer. Taytor in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) 111. 77, I had 
occasion to use those extractions out of it [Lucretius]. 
1656-81 Buiount Glossogr., Extraction ..a breviate or 
abridgement, also a Draught or Copy. Mod. Much pains 
has been taken in the extraction of Rnstrative passages. 

3. The action or process of obtaining (the con- 
stituent elements, juices, etc.) from any substance 
by heat, pressure, etc. Cf. Extract v. 4. Spirit 
of the first extraction; that which comes off at the 
first distillation, 

1605 Timme Quersit. 11. 133 Distillation is an extraction 
of a liquor from a body by heate. 1627 Haxewmt A fol. 
ut. vii. § 5. 231 Their artificiall extractions, seperations, 
and preparations of their medicines. 1701 Luttrett Brief 
Rel. (1857) V. 54 Vhe duty on low wines and spirits of the 
first extraction. 1837 M. Donovan Dom, Econ. 11.265 The 
extraction of the stable matter of bone. 1868 Rocers Po/, 
Econ. iii, (1876) 19 Greater pains and more labour were 
devoted to the extraction of gold from its ores. 1880 Act 
43-44 Vict. c. 24 § 3 ‘Low wines’ means spirits of the first 
extraction conveyed into a low wines receiver. 1891 THoRPE 
Dict. Applied Chem., Extraction apparatus. The object of 
extraction is to dissolve out some constituent or constituents 
from a solid, by heating it with a solvent. 

+b. concr. =Extract sb. 2, Obs. 

1594 PLat Fewell-ho., Chem. Concl. 22 A stiffe and drie 
substance, which our Chimistes do call the extraction of the 
hearbe. 1605 B. Jonson Volfone u. Wks. (Rtldg.) 183/1 
This rare extraction..hath .. power to disperse all malig- 
nant humours, 1 Lassets Voy. /taly 1. 129, I saw 
their still-house where they make excellent extractions and 
cordial waters. 

ec. transf, and fig. 

1587 GoLpvinc De Mornay x. 140 As thou hast taken so 

reat paines in.. bringing things backe againe into their 
frst matter; whence commeth it that thy extractions. .haue 
so..contrarie operations. 1605 7ryad/ Chev. u. iii. in Bul- 
len O. PZ. (188 ;) IIT. 296 The pure extraction of all beauty 
Flowes in abundance to my love-sick eye. 1 Mitton 
Areop. (Arb.) 35 They do preserve. .the purest e! cacie and 
extraction of that living intellect that bred them. 

4. Math. The process or method of extracting 
(the root of a number or quantity). 

1557 Recorve Whetst. C ij, The extraction of rootes [of 
numbers] should go orderly ae the arte of Proportions. 
1676 GLanvite Ess. iii. 14 Extraction of Roots (which is a 
species of Division). 1827 Hutron Course Math. 1. 86 Two 
extractions for the 4th root, three for the 8th root, and so 
on. 1867 Topnunter Algebra for Beginners xxxii. § 287 
We shall then consider. the extraction of the cube root of 
compound expressions. 

5. a. Of persons: Origin, lineage, descent. 

©1477 Caxton Yason 90 Ye be comen of so noble extrac- 
tion of ryal lignage. a 1533 Lp. Berners //won lv. 186, I 
am com of a noble extraccyon. 1 Sir S. D'Ewes Fru. 
(1783) 69 Herself and my lord's daughter-in-law doe respect 
my wife according to her several noble extractions. 1776 
Gipson Decl. & F. 1. 261 The y of their 
extraction was perpetuated by barbaric rites. 1 Giap- 
stonk Prim, Homer 98 Dark hair is a note of the foreigner, 
and of southern extraction. 

+b. Of things: Origin, source. Ods. 

1648 BoyLe Seraph, Love i. (1700) 2, I could wish .. that 
the extraction of your freedom may no ways blemish it. 
1655 Futter CA, Mist. v. iii. §31 Well therefore may the 
English. .be ashamed of their Reformation, considering the 
vitious Extraction thereof. 


Hence + Extra‘ctionable ., fit or adapted for 
extraction. 


1797 DowninG Disord. Horned Cattle 113 A calf. .cannot 
be extracted. .until replaced..in an extractionable position. 


Extractive (ekstrektiv), a. and sd. [f. L. 
type extractiv-us, £. extrahére (see EXTRACT v.). 
Cc ae » extracttf, -ive.) 


1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 363/2 Then tae 
e. x 


EXTRADICTIONARY. 


(e.g. agriculture, mining, fisheries, etc.) that is 
eget sings mal peso 
Seles taccinta on thick balecens eer tena 


M. Dunoyer. ae Fok SEO EOS 5 fps chewy omy 


P ve A ‘s Mag. Nov. 
Mai con anced -cetehanieetecess aaa 
tractive industries. 

3. Capable of being extracted; of the nature.of 
an extract, Cf. Extract sd. 2. Lxtractive prin- 
ciple: see quot. 1875. 

1789 J. Keir Dict, Chem. 27/1 Distillation frees the acid 


from much of this extractive substance. 1 Kirwan 
Manures (1802) 53 He found 1 Ib. of it [a to contain 
from 20 to extractive 1816 Accum 


Chem, Tests 18:8) 86 Separating the extractive acid, and 
ISIS) i 
colouring matter from wine. 1875 Uve's Dict. Arts 11. 323 
Fourcroy.. posed { |] had all 
banks —_ he called the extractive principle. 
» 50, 
1. An extractive substance: see A. 3. 
1844-57 G. Birp Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 117 The piso: 


nat, 


a common 


position, left after the preparation of vegetable 
extracts’ (Wagstaffe). 

1807 T. Tuomson Chem. (ed. 3) Il. 367 The solution .. 
Ferenc nearer to the vegetable matter called extractive 
than tannin. 1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 637 The 

b held in ion are chiefly sugar, syrup, guten, 
xm and extractive. 1860 All Y. Round No. 45. 442 

‘here are ina hundred parts of wheaten flour about seventy- 
two of starch and extractive. 

x (ekstre’ktoz), Also 7-9 extracter. 
[f as prec. + -on.] 

1. One who extracts. 

1611 CorGr., Spargirigue..an Alchymist, or extractor of 

uintessences. 1651 Biccs New Disp. 79 The ju'ce .. is 

rawn out by the Extractors, who..resolve the dreggs .. of 
the Parenchyma. 1755 Jounson, Extractor, the person 
or instrument by which any thing is extracted. 1828 Blackw. 
Mag. XXIV. 198 Haske afi i and extractor of money. 
1868 Morn. Star 16 June, Mr. Abrams .. begged to say 
that his client was not a corn-cutter, but a corn-extractor, 

2. One who selects and copies out quotations. 

1813 Edin, Rev. XXI1, 267 A judicious extractor..might 
accommodate both classes of readers. 1884 Blackw. Mag. 
June 824/1 The extractor who looks for a fitting pause in the 
spate of Mr. Ruskin’s eloquence, 

b. spec. in Se. Law. (See quot. 1861.) 

1687 Act Sederunt 23 Feb., Lords do extend the 
priviledges..to..four ext in each of the three clarks 
Offices of the Session. ae ee 4 Jan., The Lords .. do.. 

rohibit..all agents from being extractors, and all extractors 
rom agenting. 180 in Hansard Par/, Ded. June, [Mr. 
Thomas Scott] was appointed to the office of an Extractor. 
1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 374/2 Extractor .. the 
official person by whom the extract of a decree or other 
judicial proceeding is prepared and authenticated. 1868 
[see Exreactasush, ¥ 

3. An instrument for dra or pulling out any- 
thing ; esf. that part of a b loading gun which 
removes the care 5 

1753 N. Torriano Midwifry 18 They never turned child- 
ren.. their only Resource was to Knives, Extractors, etc. 
1859 F. A. Grirritus Artil, Man, (ed. 9) 168, 1 setter, 2 
needles, r extractor. 1871 Daily News 11 Apr. 6 The loaded 
man opens the breech of his rifle, uses the extracter, takes 
out the cartridge. 1885 J. J. Mantey Brit, A dmanac Comp. 
19 etrte ‘ors, comb foundations and other appliances used 
in bee-keeping. 3 

+4. A solvent used to extract (juices, etc.). Ods. 

1678 Satmon Lond, Disp, 852/1 The strength of the Ex- 
tracter or dissolvent. 

Hence Extra‘ctorship, the office of an extractor 
(in sense 2 b). ; 

Locknart Scott xx Mr. ‘Thomas Scott's appointmen t 
to this Extractorship. 1877 Geneal. Mem. Fi Sir W. 
Scott 6x Sir Walter secured for him an ex! 
General Register House. é 

Extra’ , a. [ad. L. extractorius, f. ex- 
trahére; see Exreact v. and -ory.) Of or per- 
taining to an extractor; or to extraction. : 

1727 Batey vol. I, £.xtractory, that hath the nature or 

wer to draw out. Asn. x Punch Cl. 179/% 
eviewed it in this.. and arbitrary fashion. 

+ Extra‘cture. Ods. [f. L. extract- (sce Ex- 
ig extracted ; an ex- 


ip in the 


TRACT V,) + -URE.] 
tract; =Exrract sd. 2, 4. 
1602 Marston Ant, § Mel. 1v. Wks. 1856 1. 48 Let each 
note breath the heart of. ion, The sad extracture of 
ibe is Taek tomy ight see the extractures sent up 
freon the Laver Hotes, ed : , 
» etc.: iggy ie £1 
+ Extradi‘ctionary, ¢. Ss. vare—". I 
extra dictibn-em outside of the mode A, 
ression (see Extra pref. and Diction) + -ARY. 
f fallacies: Not consisting in expression ; r 


per b seud. i Of these extra- 
Pi sleet por ye Fema ot and Logicians make 
in number six.. = - - jaa mer 


it nae 


EXTRADITABLE. 


Extraditable (ekstridoi'tab’l), a. [f. next + 
-ABLE.] a@. Of a person: That may be extradited, 
liable to extradition. b. Of a crime, etc. : Ren- 
dering the perpetrator liable to extradition. 

a. 1881 Philadelphia Press 12 Aug. 4 Hartmann is extra- 
ditable under the law of nations. 1890 Times 13 hea 5/5 
A person .. convicted of these crimes is extraditable. 

b. 1887 Pall Madi G. 19 Mar. 4/2 In the American treaty 
procuration will also find a placeamong extraditable offences. 

te (ekstradoit), v. [back-formation 
from next.] 

1. trans. To give up (a fugitive foreign criminal) 
to the proper authorities, in pursuance of a treaty. 

x Sata in Daily Tel. 29 July, Nothing is said about 
the Emperor of the French being summoned to extradite 
the men brought into Cherbourg by the French pilot-boats. 
1885 Law Times LXXX. 116/1 The power of criminal 
courts of this country to extradite prisoners charged with 
the commission of offences in foreign countries, 

b. transf. 

1883 J. Pavn Thicker than Water III. 240 She was ex- 
tradited in a vehicle by herself to the great relief of her 
fellow culprits. _ te 

ce. To obtain the extradition of. 

1883 Chicago Advance 8 Mar., The effort of England to 
extradite Sheridan, of the Irish World, New York. 1889 
North, Star 28 Feb. 3/1 The Home Office are taking mea- 
sures for extraditing ‘ Pigott’, 

2. Psychol. To localize (a sensation) at a distance 
from the centre of sensation. rare. 

1887 W. James in Mind Apr. 207 The next factor is the 
particular kind of sensation to be extradited, 

Hence Evxtradited Z/. a. 

1889 Cuitp Eng. & Sc. Ball. III, vt. clxxvi. 410/2 They 
land Lord Percy at Berwick, a deported, ‘extradited’ man ! 

Extradition (ekstridi-fon), sb. [a. F. extra- 
dition, f. L. ex- out + ¢radition-em, n. of action f. 
tradére to deliver up: see TRADITION.] 

1. The action of giving up (a person) to the au- 
thorities of a foreign state; esp. the delivery of a 
fugitive criminal to the authorities of the state in 
which the crime was committed. Hence in gez. 
sense: Surrender (of a prisoner) by one authority 
to another. 

1839 De Quincey Casuistry Wks. VIII. 308 If the law of 
extradition should remain unchanged. 1857 Fraser’s Mag. 
LVI. 161 A demand for (we must use a foreign and un- 
English word to express an un-English thing) the extra- 
dition of Mazzini. 1870 Act 33-4 Vict. c. 52 (title) An Act 
for amending the Law relating to the Extradition of Crimi- 
nals. 1879 Farrar St, Paul II. 336 They wished to make 
sure of the extradition of their victim. . 

2. The process of localizing a sensation at a dis- 
tance from the centre of sensation. 

1874 CARPENTER Ment. Phys. 1. v. (1879) 186 A kind of 
extradition of the visual sensation. 1887 W. James in 
Mind Apr. 205 Extradition obtains .. even of such sensa- 
tions as we locate on the exact sensory surfaces where the 
nerves terminate. tes 

3. attrib. (sense 1), as extradition act, clause, 
crime. Extradition treaty, a treaty by which 
two nations mutually bind themselves to surrender 
any fugitive criminal who has committed in the 
other’s territory any of certain specified offences. 

1852 Apsotr LawrENcE Dispatch to D. Webster, The 

roposition..to conclude an extradition treaty with the 

nited States. 1870 Act 33-4 Vict. c. 52 § 1 This Act may 
be cited as ‘The Extradition Act 1870’. Jdid, § 26 An 
extradition crime. 1875 Renour Egyptian Gram. 35 These 
words occur in the extradition clause of the Treaty between 
Rameses II and the king of Cheta. : aie 

Hence Extradition v. ¢rans., to bring (a crimi- 
nal) under the operation of an extradition treaty. 

1889 Scot. Leader 18 Apr. 5 Barton .. obstructed extra- 
dition process until quite recently, when he was successfully 
extraditioned. — : : 

a-domici'liate, v. rare. [f. L. extra 
+ domicili-um DOMICILE + -ATE3.] trans, To 
send out of the domicile or house. 

1823 Lams Ziia (1860) 194 It is .. ingratitude .. to extra- 
domiciliate..a blessing. 

os (ekstrétdgs). Arch. [a. F. extra- 
dos, {. L. extra outside+F, dos the back.] The 
upper or exterior curve of an arch ; esf. the upper 
curve of the voussoirs or stones which immediately 
form the arch. Cf. INTRADOs. 

1772 Hutton Bridges p. iii, The relations between their 
intrados and extrados. 1823 P. NicnoLson Pract. Build. 
338 Extrados of a Bridge—The curve of the road-way. 
1828 Hutton Course Math, 11. 172 So that the extrados is 
a parabola — to the intrados, and everywhere ae 
equidistant from it, 1879 Sir G. Scorr Lect. Archit. Il. 
141 We have. .supposed our arches to be of moderate depth 
from extrados, or outer line, to intrados or inner line. 

Extradosed (ekstrztdgst), a. [f. prec. +-ED2. 
Cf. F. extradossé.] Having an extrados (of a cer- 
tain kind): a term applied to an arch in which the 
curves of the intrados and extrados are concentric 
and parallel. In mod. Dicts. 


Extradotal (ekstridatal), a. Zaw. [as if 
ad, L. *extradotal-ts (cf, It. estradotale, 18th c.), f. 
extra outside + dot-em (nom. dos) dowry : see -AL.] 
(See quot.) 

1827 Kent Comm, II. 154 note, [By the code of Louisiana] 
the separate property of the wife is divided into dotal, 
being that which she brings to the husband..and extra- 
dotal .being that which forms no part of the dowry. 


471 


+Extraduce, a. Obs. rare. [L. ex traduce, 
ex out of + ¢raduce, abl. of tradux vine-layer, f. 
tra-(trans) across + diic-cre to lead.] “it. From 
or after the fashion of a layer; hence, derived as 
from a parent stock. 

[164x CLarENDoN Zss. Tracts (729) 225 That it [the soul] 
is ex traduce, and begotten with the body by the father. 
1632 Howey Lett. (1655) II. 31 Ther cannot be a more 
pregnant instance to prove that human souls com not ex 
traduce [1688 extraduce].] 1720 W. StuKELEy in JZem. 
(1882) I. r5 Either an extraduce Inclination or Imitation at 
least of my Father. | 

+ Extradu'ction. Os. Also 6 extraduc- 
eion. [f. L. extra + duction-em a leading, n. of 
action f. diccre to lead.] 

a. A conclusion (to a book) ; opposed to 77/70- 
duction, b. Mal. The bringing a line of musketeers 
to the front from the rear of a body of pikemen. 

1533 More Debell. Salem i. Wks. 932/2 So shoulde he 
haue called those three chapiters after hys matter, an extra- 
duccion. 1635 Barrirre Mil. Discip. \xxx. (1643) 228 
‘The next Firing. .to demonstrate shall be by way of Extra- 
duction: which is also a firing in front. /d7d, Ixxxii, 236 
The body standing in this forme, the Musquetiers may 
sleeve up by way of Extraduction. 

Extra-essential, etc.: see ExTRA- 1. 

Extra-foraneous (ekstrifpréinzas), a. [f. 
Exrra- pref. + med.L. fordne-us (f. fortis door) + 
-ous. After the analogy of L. circumfordneus, f. 
circum around + forum the forum.] Out-door. 

178r Cowrer Let. 2 Apr., A variety of extra-foraneous 
occupations .. make it difficult for me to find opportunities 
of writing. 1788 — Wks. (1876) 288 We live near to each 
other and while the Hall is empty are each other's only 
extraforaneous comfort. 1830 Maccituivray Withering’s 
Brit. Plants Pref., A compendious description of our native 
plants..neither too bulky for extra-foraneous use, nor too 
expensive. 1891 J. P. SHELDON in Times 17 Mar., All ex- 
traforaneous animals took no harm whatever. 

Extra-formal, -galactic, etc.: see Exrra- 1. 

+ Extrage’neous, -genous, @. Ols.—° [in- 
correctly f. ExTRA- +L. gen-ws kind, on supposed 
analogy of homogeneous, -genous.] (See quot.) 
Also Extragene‘ity, ‘ the being of a foreign kind’ 
(Bailey 1727-36). 

1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Zxtva-genous (in Anatomy 
and Surgery) that is of a foreign kind ; as an Extragenous 
Body. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Extragencous. 

Extraght, var. form of Exrraucut fA/.a. Ods. 

Extra-historic, -inductive, etc.: see Ex- 
TRA- I. 

+ Extrait, pa. pple. Obs. [a. Fr. extrait, pa. 
pple. of extrazre, earlier estratre:—L. extrahére: 
see Exrract v. See Extract, Exrraucut //. 
adjs.] a. Drawn out, extracted. b. Derived, de- 
scended, 

1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x. ii, Ulixes.. wyl compare 
with me, that am extrait of suche lygnage. 1481 — Myrr. 
1. ix. 35 Of this science [Rethoryque] were extrayt and 
drawen the lawes and decrees whiche by nede serue [etc. ]. 
1483 — Gold. Leg. 93/1 Saynt Lucye..was..extrayt..of a 
noble lygnage. 

Extrajudicial (e:kstra,dzzdi‘fal), a. Also 7 
extra-iuditiall. [f. L. extra outside + jidic?-um 
judgement + -AL.] 

1, Lying outside the proceedings in court ; form- 
ing no part of the case before the court. Of an 
opinion, confession, etc.; Not delivered from the 
bench, not made in court, informal. 

1630 in Rushw. 7st. Cold. (1659) I. 47 The accusation 
was extra-judicial, and out of Court, 1651 W. G. tr. Cowel's 
Inst. 237 The Plaintiff .. requires him [Defendant] to come 
to make an extrajudiciall satisfaction. a1715 BurNET Ow 
Time (1766) II. 20 No extrajudicial confession could be al- 
lowed in a Court. 187r Marxsy Elem. Law § 60 The 
— of the judge .. is considered as extra-judicial. _ 

. Outside the ordinary course of law or justice ; 
not legally authorized ; unwarranted. 

1641 in Clarendon Hist. Red. 11. (1843) 87/2 Some rigorous 
and extrajudicial determinations in cases of plantations. 
1706 Rusuw. in Burton's Diary (1828) III. 47 By an extra- 
judicial order. .the Lieutenant-general was commanded to 
suffer none but the keepers to speak to him. 1785 Patry 
Mor. Philos, (1818) 1, 267 That extrajudicial discipline, 
which supplies the defects... of law. 1849 J. Grant Mem. 
Kirkaldy xxiv.273 The extra-judicial murder of his comrade. 

Extrajudicially (e:kstri,dzadi-fali), adv. [f. 
prec. +-LY2.] In an extrajudicial manner. 

1. Outside the proceedings of the court, inform- 
ally, privately, out of court. 

1590 SwinsuRNE Testaments 9 The opinion of a Iudge., 
deliuered priuatly, or extraiudicially. 168x Baxter Acc. 
Sherlocke iv. 186 What they do bs a vorserns and extra 
proprium forum, is Null. 1752 oF OUTHIAN Forms of 
Process (ed. 2) 273 The Custody of Processes borrowed up 
from the Clerk extrajudicially, shall be fixed by a Receipt- 
book. 1845 Lp. Campsett Chancedlors (1857) I. xvi. 254 He 
had extra-judicially pronounced opinions, which, etc. 

2. In a manner outside or contrary to the usual 
course of law, without legal justification, unwar- 
rantably. 3 

@ 1612 Donne Biadavaros (1644) 138 A Bishop, being. .cal- 
lumniated by the people extrajudicially. 1660 R. Coxe 
Power § Subj. 257 He was never noted to punish any man 
rashly, ee 1786 Burke W. Hastings ww. § 
io Sir Elijah Impey, His Majesty's Chief Justice, acting 
extrajudicially, and not within the limits of his jurisdic- 


EXTRANEIZE. 


tion. 1822 J. Forint Lett. Amer. 172 Where the squire is 
supposed to be remiss in the execution of his duty, the 
people sometimes interfere extrajudicially. 

Extra-jugal, -jural: see Exrra- 1. 

+ Extra-la‘th, v. Obs. rare. [f. Extra a. 
+ LatH sé.) trans. To furnish with additional 
laths. Hence Extra-la‘thing vd/. sd. 

1778 Manon in PAil. Trans. LXVIII. 893 The underside 
of the stair-case was extra-lathed. /4/d. 890 The method of 
extra-lathing may be applied to cieling joists. 

Extra-legal, -marine, etc.: see ExTRa- 1. 

+Extrami‘ssion. 0Oés. [n. of action f. L. 
phrase extra mittére to send outwards: see EXTRA 
and Misston.] Sending outwards; emission. 

¢1630 Jackson Creed tv. u. iv. Wks. III. 244 Nor do 
faith and love truly Christian arise from every .. extra- 
mission of our faculties unto Christ. 1646 Sir T. Browne 
Pseud, Ep. . vii. 120 Sight is made by Reception, and not 
by Extramission. 1673-4 Grew Anat. Plants m1. 11. ii. § 1 
‘The Reception, as well as Extramission whereof [the Aer]. 

+ Extrami't,v. Ods. rave—}. [f. L. extra out- 
wards + mztt-ére to send.] trans. To send forth or 
outward: in quot. ref. and fig. 

1651 CHARLETON Eph. & Cimm. Matrons u. (1668) 67 To 
Lovers it is the same thing..to see, and to extramit them- 
selves by the eye. 

+Extramw'nd, v. Obs. rave. [f. L. extra 
mund-um : see next.) trans. To put out of the 
universe, 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes . viii. 117 He would..extra- 
mund him, more than Materia Prima it self was at the Chaos. 

Extramundane (ckstrimyndéin), a. [ad. 
late L. extramundén-us, f. phrase extra mund-um 
outside the world or universe: see Extra- pref. 
and MunDANE.] 

1. Situated outside of, or pertaining to a region 
outside of, our world. 

1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sc?. xviii. 116 "Tis a philosophy that 
.. gives the exactest ‘Topography of the Extramundane 
spaces. 1684 T. Burnet 74. Earth I, 175 One [opinion] 
placeth paradise in the extra-mundane regions. 1742 YOUNG 
Nt. Th, 1x. 1525 Where, rears His terminating Pillar high 
Its extra-mundane Head? 1879 Newcomp & Hoven 
Astron, 376 Aerolites. .were proved to be of extramundane 
origin, 

b. fig. (nonce-uses). ‘Out of the world’, remote ; 
pertaining to things not of this world. 

1829 SouTHEY Six 7. More II. 325 What may be called 
an extramundane zeal, 1834 Fraser’s Mag. X. 652 Bab- 
bling of poetry in this extra-mundane island. 1837 /é/d. 
XVI. 310 The asseverations in the book are so preposterous 
..and the dreams so extramundane, 

2. Situated outside or beyond the universe; per- 
taining to what is beyond the universe. 

aes Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Extramundane space, i.e. the 
infinite empty void Space, which is supposed by some to 
reach beyond the Bounds of the Universe. 1715-6 CLARKE 
tr. Leibnitz’s 4th Paper § 7 The same Reason, which shews 
that extramundane Space [Fr. 7 Espace hors du monde] is 
imaginary, proves, etc. 1825 CoLerIDGE A7ds Reff. (1848) 
I, 126 The independent (extra-mundane) existence .. of the 
Supreme One. 

Extramural (ekstramiiieral), a. [f. L. extra 
muir-os outside the walls + -AL: see ExTRA- pref. 
and Mura. Cf. late L. extrdmiranus in same 
sense.] Outside the walls or boundaries of a city 
or town; esp. in extra-mural interment. 

1854 Cpr. WiseMAN Fadiola (1855) 155 The extramural 
basilicas of St. Paul on the Ostian way. 1861 PEARSON 
Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 27 Large sewers, large aqueducts, 
and extramural interment, are common features. 1884 
Science Mar. 371 The..arrangements by which medical men 
not connected with the university give .. ‘ Extra-mural’ 
instruction. : es 

Hence Extramu'‘ralism, the practice of giving 
extramural instruction. Extramu‘ralist. zonce- 
wd. One who lives outside the walls of a city. 

1868 Jiperial Rev. 7 Mar. 228 All the city .. all except 
the outcast extramuralists..are soon reduced toashes. 1892 
Sat. Rev. 14 May 571/1 There remained only the principle 
of...‘ Extramuralism’ to be reckoned with. 

Extranate (ekstrancit), a. varve—. [f. L. 
extra without + 2a@¢-ws born.] Arising from with- 
out ; opposed to zzzare. 

1856 Ferrier Just. Metaph. 1x. xxi. 497 One [element]. .is 
said to be innate, the other which is contributed from with- 
out..may be said to be extra-nate. 

Extra-national, etc.: see ExTRA- 1. 

+Extra‘neal, a. Ods. rare. [f. L. extrane-us 
(see EXTRANEOUS) + -AL.] = ExtTRANEOUS. So also 
+ Extra‘nean [+ -AN], + Extra‘near [+-ar.] 

1565 Aberdeen Reg. 23 Jan. (Spalding Club 1844) 358 That 
the magistrattis tak sic substantious ordour anent the ex- 
pelling of extranear beggaris. Jéid. V. 26 (Jam.) Extra- 
neane cordanaris. 1618 T. Gatnsrorp Hist, P. Warbeck 
in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 66, I desist from all extraneal 
and superfluous discourses. 

Extraneity (ekstrin7‘iti). vave. [f. as prec. 
+ -ITY.] The quality of being extraneous. 

1849 Asp. Toomson Laws Th, Introd, (1860) 19 Extraneity 
—outness — objective existence. 

+ Extra‘neize, v. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + 
-1ZE.] trans. ‘To make extraneous, remove. 

1653 Urquuart Radelais t. xix, To extraneize the blasting 
mists and whirlwinds upon our Vines. 1788 H. CLarKe 
School Candidates (1877) 19 To extraneize the blasting 
pono and whirlwind of immorality upon the minds of 
youth, 


EXTRANEOUS. 


Extraneous (ekstré-n/as), a. [f. L. extrane- 
us external (f. extra outside) +-ous. (Cf. strange, 
ad. OF. estrange:—L. extraneus.)] 

1. Of external origin ; introduced or added from 
without ; foreign fo the object in which it is con- 
tained, or to which it is attached. 

1638 A. Reap Chirurg. kit 67 Such medicaments ought 


not easly to humidity, but the 
natural also. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xxv. §8 ‘elation... 
though it be not c din the real f Things, but 
something » and su duced. 4, GOLDSM. 


Nat. Hist. (1862) 11. tv. iv. 3 ‘ossil, or, aa thaareesliaa, 
extraneous shells, 1797 M. BarLure Morb. Anat. (1807) 306 
An extraneous body can be. .easily introduced into their 
bladder. 1827 Nase Guesses Ser. 1. (1873) 183 Many objects 
are made venerable by extraneous circumstances. 18: 
Seba Princ. Geol. IV. 187, I sought in vain. .for a single 

ent of any extraneous rock. 1879 Strainer Music of 

Bi Bible 1 159 A slight melodic framework, almost hidden be- 

neath a load of extraneous graces. 

. Of an action, etc.: Proceeding from with- 


out. 

1786 Burke VW. Hastings Wks. 1842 I. 184 Hastings did 
for a long time .. attribute the weakness of his government 
to an extraneous interference. 1834 J. Forses Laennec’s 
Dis, Chest (ed. 4) 26 The. — of the naked ear 

- gives rise to extraneous soun 1862 Marsu Eng. Lang. 
ii. 40 The Low-German dialects were .. exposed to extra- 
neous disturbing forces. 1867 J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 120 
Excluding extraneous light. 

c. nonce-use. Brought from abroad, ‘ exotic’. 
©1750 Suenstone Elegies xviii. 58 Rob’d in the Gallic 
loom’s extraneous twine. 

2. External 0, not comprised in or forming part 
of, the object under consideration. 

1662 Bates in Pepys Diary 17 Aug., It is not my manner 
to speak anything in the pulpit that is extraneous to my 
text and business. 1690 Locke //um. Und. 1. xxxi. § 4 
When ever the Mind refers any of its Ideas to any thing 
extraneous to them, they are then capable to be called true 
or false. 1794 Patey Evid. Wks. 1825 II. 377 Of points 
clearly extraneous to the religion, nothing need be said. 
1865 Marret Brigand Life 11. 121 The question of brigand- 
age being extraneous to all political controversies. 

. Of a person: Not belonging to a specified 
community, country, or family. 

ax6ss Vines Lord’s Supp. (1677) 212 Heathens and 
Infidels are excluded from this Table, because they are 
extraneous and without. 1655-60 Stan.ey //ist. Philos. 
(1701) 376/1 If at any time there were any extraneous. . per- 
sons amongst them, the Men .. signify’d their meaning to 
one another by Symbols. 1842 Arnoip Lect. Mod. Hist. 
iii. 187 It has .. to feed one or more extraneous persons be- 
sides. a1853 Ropertson Serm, Ser. 111 ii. (1872) 20 Nearly 
all who are of the world are extraneous to it [the church]. 

+e. Foreign in nature, having nothing in com- 
mon. Ods. rare. 

1671 J. Wesster Metallogr. iv. 74 Mercury one thing, and 
Sulpher another, as extraneous bodies one to another. 

Hence Extra‘neously adv.; Extra’neousness, 
the quality or state of being extraneous. 

1755 E. Law 7h. Relig. ut. 237 note, By their being 
extraneously overruled. 1881 Westcott & Hort Grk. N.7. 
II. Notes 44 Without giving any sign of extraneousness. 

Extra-nuclear, -ocular, etc.: see ExTRa- I. 

Extraordinarily (ekstr¢ sdinarili), adv. [f. 
EXTRAORDINARY a, + -LY2.] 

+1. ‘In a manner out of the common method 
and order’ (J.) ; often opposed to ordinarily, Obs. 

1564 Gotpinc Fustine (1570) 143 b, The Romaynes.. 
created AEmilius Paulus consull and made him extraor- 
dinarily Lieuetenaunt of the warres of Macedone. a 1687 
Petty Pol. Arith. vi. (1691) 97 The People..which have 
extraordinarily ——, above what have died in the 
ordinary way. Warsurton Alliance Ch. & State 
1. notes Wks. 1788 g2 10° 6 An ordinance, immediately and 
extraordinarily sealed from God. 

+b. Otherwise than in ordinary course; on an 
exceptional occasion. Ods, 

1579 Furke Heskins’ Parl. 31 Luther .. by no meanes 
would haue women to teache, except it were extraordinarily. 

1677 Govt. Satagea 38 When the Council is to be called 
extraordinarily. 3 Lond, Gaz. No. 3922/2 The Senate 
Ba been pacifier t. Foe assembled. 

a (see Extraorprnary A. 1d). 

a x BRewsTER ‘ca xviii. 161 The ray CF extraor- 
dinarily refracted the first rhomb will be ordinarily 
refracted by the jenn. 1875 Lomme. Light xxi. 283 This 
ray is..said to be extraordinarily refracted. 

+2. In excess of the usual complement ;= Extra, 
Obs. vare—*, 

1719 Deror Crusoe 204 The two Quarter-Deck guns that 

ephew took extraordinaril 

"3. Tn an extraordinary egree ; very unusually, 
remarkably, seevemrely, Sa uncommonly. 

1593 Nasue Christ's 7. » You recompence learning 
extraordinarilie, 1597 SHaxks. 2 Hen, 7V,1.1i, 235, I meane 
not to sweat extraordinarily. x6r0 Beau. & Fi. Maid’s 
Trag.w. ii, I... take ’t unkindly that mine enemy Should 
use me so extraordinarily scurvily. 1721 De For Mem. 


472 
tator 19 Feb. 247 Some vital point, which result quite 
28 easly from on ee: 
b. humorously as a title of address. 
1677-81 Mrs. Benn Rover m1. i, As for that matter, your 
extraordinariness may do what you 


(ekstrg*adinari, ekstra,g-1di- 
nari), a. na anges Also (5 , 6 
-ordinair), 6-7 -ordinarie. [ad. L. extraordi- 

nart-us, f, phrase extra ordin-em outside (the usual) 
order: see Exrra- pref. and ORDER, ORDINARY. 
Cf. F. extraordinaire} A. adj. 

1. Out of the usual or lar course or order ; 
often in expressed opposition to ordinary. + Also, 
acting in an unusual manner; partial. Extraor- 
— tithe; (see quot. 1888). 

1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim, Mon. (1714) 39 The Kyngs 


_ expencs Sage in chargs Ord’ and in ej 
Essaoage ng Garviner True we Obedience 
we not se.. the che ines, when he is mimes ok to bee 


present in por 1592 BaincTon 
Genesis xxxvii. 145b, If "God age extraordinarie to Moses, 
euen Aaron. ‘will be o offended. 1607 TorseLt Serpents (1653) 
728 Thus much may suffice for the ordi andextraordinary 
generation of Toads. 1642 Futter 1 Hob & Prof. St. 1. ix. 
84 His Sermons are of “ ig length sagas on an 
extraordinary —— ‘oe's rion bbe vadesman 
ees, vii. 49 Let hii oma inary measures 

et in his bg 888 J. Wituams in Encycl. Brit. 

III. 412 These [tithes] are .. divided .. into ordinary 
ree extraordinary, the latter being a tithe at a heavier rate 
on ed upon hop and market gardens. 

. Not according to rule, ‘ out of meng Obs. 

ae Crarenvon Hist. Reb. vu. (1843) 519/1 If they 

proceeded in a martial, or any other Gated inary way, 

without any form of law. 1 Strrvre Ann, Ref I. Wii. 

627 The order of calling and making of ministers now used 
in the Church of England, is extraordinary. 

= ce. Mus. = AccIpENTAL a. 5. Obs. 

Mortey /nxtrod. Mus. 157 They..set one b at the 
begtoning of the verses of euerie part, and if there happen 
anie extraordinary flat they .. set the signe before it. 173 
G. Ketter Rules for Playing Thorow-Bass in W. Holder 
Harmony 192 If the extream sharp or an extraordinary 
sharp Note requires a natural Flat 6th, you [etc.]. 

d. Optics. Lxtraordinary refraction ; that not 
following the general law. Extraordinary ray: 
one influenced by extraordinary refraction. Zx- 
traordinary wave: (see quot.). 

1830 Herscner Stud. Nat. Phil. 1. ii. (1831) 31 The 
other ray..is..said to have undergone extraordinary refrac- 
tion, 3 ‘TYNDALL Light ii iii. (1885) 111 The other [beam] 

5 called the extraordinary ray. 1883 GLAzEBROOK 
Phys. ‘Optics xi, 291 An extraordinary wave [consists] of 
light which is plane polarised in a plows at right angles 
‘SS the principal plane. 

. Of officials, persons employed, etc. : Outside 
of or additional to the regular staff ; not belonging | cocer 
to the ‘ordinary’ or fully recognized class of suc 
persons; supernumerary. Often with the notion 
of being specially employed for a temporary pur- 
pose. Now chiefly in official titles, where the sb. 
usually precedes. 

Envoy extraordinary: formerly a minister sent on some 
special diplomatic business; now, merely the d 


EXTRA-PAROCHIAL. 


HALL Relic. i. 6 The wer eid cin; Weak ate 
oes Rin Fon Henceomne Fo (1840) 7 We took in a very 
extraordinary store of provisions. athtepsan | pose hag 9 


+5. Additional to, over at above what is 
usual; = Exrra. Often following the sb.; in 
which case the adj. cannot always be distinguished 
from the adv. Ods. 
Butue Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 182 To lay out a 


five or a noble ext: y in every Acre. 1658 
Whole Duty Man x. § 20. 85 He must .. support him, yea, 


though it be extraordinary labour. 1664 oy od 
Diaky (18y9) THI 20; Taam in good to get two or 

per annum ~ ¢%71%0 C. Fiennes J 7688) 
110 You a penny for ht 
from tun! e town. oe A. Younc /% s Lett. 67 
They ma‘ ea a lal extraordinary. x a 


Prisons Eng. (1780) 91 They have an ex 

ance of near a sony es day. HBon-s6 Mg, Swoop San 

Gray 54 Sp shillings, 1812 £x- 

aminer 31 Aug. oa. oh mee tds extraordinary 

after dinner. . 
+B. adv. a, = EXTRAORDINARILY in various 

senses. b. =Exrra adv.; cf. A. 5. Obs. 

a. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 72 Which 
Countrey .. being extraordinarie _, 1642 Futter Holy 
= Prof St. 11, xiv. 102 Sometimes ordinary scholars make 

Mlostars CorrereLt Cassandra 


7. 676) nary early. 1709 StRYPE 
Ann. Ref. | 1. iii, 575 ‘3 tHe] had Mary Queen of Scots in 
—_. ich. . was extraordinary expensive to him. a7 
Eliza Warwick 1. 241 My jewels were extraordinary fine. 

b. 1679 Pior Staffordsh. — Ed The Master turning 
his Key in any of the Servants loc! it once extraordinary, 
a a themselves cannot come at their charge. 

Se 


1. Something extraordinary; an extraordinary 
—_ or bearing ; an extraordinary action, inci- 
ent, etc. ta. seng. (obs.) 

1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesi¢ 1, xx.(Arb.) 58 dy whose 
high estates do require in their countenanc 
expence, a certaine extraordinary. 1654 JER had “havior Re tard 
Pres. xi. P 8. 205 That..every day. .the sam: — oo 
Lele racer or -be called a miracle, that ase il a 
traordinary, RicHarpson Grandison V1 
made it [her be! viour] look like an cmmeandienrn 

b. pl. Now rare. 

x 1x T. Browne Pseud, Ef. (ed.2)1. vi. 17 The greater 
part fof their Adages] will..be esteemed no extraordinaries. 

_J- Trare Right. over-much (798) 11 To place much 
a gion .. in extr ELL in Gurw. 
Disp. IV. 530 Send two squadrons jor meter 4 os 
desire them to report all extraordinaries fs Tile 
Warpiaw Lect. Proverbs case 13 His 
perenne uk wt § One Army, he as 
to pick up. egul. § rmy 299 ihe 
— lines are left for any extraordinaries that may 


ec. “pl. Extraordinary receipts or pa’ Lay peat The 


pl. of the sb. occurs where we shoul: 


ee simply. ds. exc. arch. Beck, Bi & 
Life Sir T. Me er 2. 8: 
fe Sir. te tag. (1853) 


at 


of the second class of diplomatic ministers, rankin, next to 
the ‘ambassadors’; the term no longer tically imply- 
ing a temporary or special mission. e physicians (or 
surgeons, etc.) extraordinary, in royal households, rank 
below those styled ‘in ordinary’; similarly an extraordi- 
nary professor (L. professor extraordinarius) i in a German 
university is inferior in status to the ‘ ordinary’ professor. 
1585 J. Hiccins tr. Yunius’ Nomenclator - ahs Milites 
adventitii. .Souldiers of another ate! that come to serue 
for paye; a souldiers. Mitton 4 
lings (1659) 79. Boyte Occas. Re . (1675) 354 
first ‘aioe. of the ussian Extraordinary Em on 
at which he 9 his Emperour’s Presents, 1712 STEELE 
Spect. No. 472 @9 Her Majesty’s Oculist Extraordinary. 
ope See Tod. Educ, Wks. 1755 1. 1. His ba 
e is ambassador extraordinary to France. 
Biackstone Comm, ut. xxiii, III. 351 Another 


amount unto, 
cannot be knowne. 1865 CARLYLE Fredk. C Gr. xix. viii, Not 
only the king’s ordinary revenues, but the extraordinaries. 
2. =Exrra sb. +a. An extra dish, a delicacy; 
an extra fee or . Chiefly Zi. Obs. 
Be, Pn cd) 2 1. (1680) 49 As an E 
Ege 's wife made ..a Posset. 1664 Perys Diary 30 
, A few pdt for the house. 1664 EveLyn 
diem — ‘ir dee. Workhons a Part prcct a 


bills, and ex: ae Wes. 
Ley Let. 12 Aug., Desire spd by the the ovrear "763 
b. Mil. (see quot. 1853 
«177 | a) pate a vi, 196 Meachets 
Aes. bill of extraordinaries for 
1816 Gen Conte ‘Mag. rest 1. 455, This estimate ben de ~ 


romgpongy fi juries, is the jury to try an attaint. 
Dict. Nat. Biog. XXI111. 334 [Sir W. Gull] was created. .in 
Jan. 1872 .. physician extraordinary to the queen, and in 
1887 physician in ordinary. 

. Of a kind not usually met with ; exceptional ; 
unusual ; ; singular, Now with emotiona sense, 
expressing astonishment, strong admiration or the 


—: 

Stoney Arcadia 1. ii. (1590) 8 8 The house .. was built 
of aire and strong stone, not affecting .. any extraordinarie 
kinde of finenes. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. TV, “' i, 
signes haue markt me extraordinarie. 1665 § ‘aT, Hee. Her- 
BERT 7¥av, (1677) 40 During the RE « wes poe: a perfect 
Rainbow, which was extraordinary. Pants BL 4 
III, 8x Our English cnet the Green ‘Turtle 
di Food. a1704 T. Brown Sat, Antients . ng 
I. 14 Those extraordinary men, who —, .gone before us. 
1794 S. Witttams Vermont 126 Several instances equally 
extraordinary, — Lytton What will he doy, Shei s an 


Cavalier (1840) 163 The power of the gent: 
dinarily visible. Manch, Guardian it 2 The 
extraordinarily good score of 98 points out of a possible roo. 

Extraordinariness (ckstrfidinirinés). [f. 
— +-NESS.] The quality or fact of being extra- 
ordinary. 

1628 Dicay ¥rnZ. (Camden) 56 The extraordinarinesse of 
the action. 1678 Baxter Cath, , Theol. 1. vit, 189 Wherein 
the ext ‘iness of it . I think it mans 
reach to know. ar fC On N. T. Luke iii. 17 The 
extraordinariness of John the Baptist’s person. 1881 Sfec- 


ry, child. 1 H Intell. Life u. 
‘The ext y power of ‘presentati i deans mg 
4. ar what is usual in amount, degree, 
extent, or size. Now with emotional sense as 
in 3. 

1572 Lament. Lady Scot.in Scot. Poems 16th C. 11, 251 
Zour drinking extraordinair Make oft zour and 
bairns euill to fair. nie Tens Laniee ia Pb, 


Sell rt SATS 8 No charge kn vhonckeepg AJ 


ordinary, nor no entertainment extraordinary. Bram- 


came to’ 
s6aa Down To Sir Lucy 


Whensoever any ex 
vy Lett. (63 oh There 
: ene ‘gst 388 


he tite of Count, to Rodrigo de 
er oe Reg. Necess. 139 Besides 
by ao inaries and wes Diaacwe pt @rememe.s 
attending upon the 7 
Extra-paren etc.: see EXTRA- I. 


Extra- (e*kstri pirdwkial), a. [f. 
Extra- pref. + Eccl. Lat. alain venir niarivag + 
pe ot included in an 


; t from aie to parish, 
tions, =i Also Ag. (nonce-use). Outsi ot 
py gS 
Pari. in Lond. one No. $27 


is led aS Che tithe acting 
ing... titled to it 

- 8 Does ater & ‘0. 
within the bE ne | pe 


district of orest is 
Jig. 1868 M, oboe nom Acedia Org. v. 290 All such en- 


EXTRAPOLATION. 


quiries are looked upon by the student with contempt as 
extra-parochial, 

Hence Evxtra-paro‘chially adv., in an extra- 
parochial manner. E’xtra-paro‘chialness, the 
condition of being extra-parochial. 

a 1806 S. Horstey Charges (1813) 207 A chapel extra- 
parochially situate. 1727-36 Baitey, Zxtraparochialness, 

Extrapolation (e:kstripolz-fan). Aath. [f. 
INTERPOLATION by the substitution of Exrra for 
the first member of the word.] The action or 
method of finding by a calculation based on the 
known terms of a series, other terms outside of 
them, whether preceding or following. 

1878 C. A. Younc in Newcomb Pog. Astron. m. ii. 279 
The process is an unsafe extrapolation. 

Extra-popular, etc.: see ExTRA- 1. 

Extraprovincial (ekstri,provinfal),@. [ad. 
med.L. extraprovincial-ts, f. extra provinciam out- 
side the province: see Exrra- and PRrovincrat.] 
Outside the limits of a province. 

1685 StrittincFL. Orig. Brit. xi. 52 These .. Extrapro- 
vincial Britains .. were distinct both from the Picts and the 
Scots. 1 Ayuirre Parergon 181 An Extra-Provincial 
Citation is not valid ..above two days Journey. 1807 G. 
Cuacmers Caledonia I. u.i, 220 The extraprovincial Bri- 
tons of Caledonia. 

Extraspe'ction. vare—'. [f. L. extra outside 
+ spection-em, n. of action f. specére to see.] Out- 
ward observation. 

1887 Westm. Rev. CXXVIII. 629 This knowledge is 
obtained through science by extra-spection and by religion 
through intro-spection. 

Extra-spectral, -tabular, etc.: see ExTRA- I. 


E:xtraterrito‘rial, a. [f. mod.L. phrase 
extra territort-um outside the territory + -AL.] 
Pertaining to, or possessed of, extraterritoriality. 

[1625 Grotius De Fure Belli et Pacis 1. xviii. § 5 [Ut 
legati] fictione simili constituerentur quasi extra terri- 
torium,] 1869 Echo 6 Apr., Extra-territorial privileges. 

reilly [f.prec. + -1ry.] The 
privilege accorded by the Law of Nations to am- 
bassadors of being regarded as outside the territory 
of the power to which they are sent, and therefore 
of being free from its jurisdiction. Also ExrErri- 
TORIALITY. 

1836 WuEaTon Juternat. Law 1. i. § 15 The fiction of 
extra-territoriality. .by which the minister, though actually 
in a foreign country, is supposed still to remain within the 
territory of his own sovereign. 1888 Morn. Post 24 Sept., 
By starting from the German embassy instead of from the 
Quirinal the Emperor will come to the Pope with all the 
prestige of extra-territoriality upon him. 

+Extrauw ght, pc. pple. Obs. Also 6 ex- 
traght, -aucte, -aughte,-aute. [var. of Exrracr 
pple. ; cf. distraught.} 

1, In senses of Extract v, a. Taken out (from 
books). b. Derived, descended. 

1523 Lp. Berners F7oiss. I.i, 1 All sciences are extraught 
and compiled of diuerse clerkes. @ 1533 — Huon clxi. 625 
None that semeth more to be extraute of a hye lynage. 
1593 Suaks. 3 Hen. VJ, u. ii. 142 Sham’st thou not, knowing 
whence thou art extraught, To let thy tongue detect thy 
base-borne heart ? 

2. =Disrraveur. Const. from, of. 

1553 BreNnpE Q. Curtius Y iij, A woman.. a 
of her minde. 1878 Lanewam Let. (1871) 93 He that.. 
occupyeth hymself by excessive studye is in daunger for to 
be extraught from hymself. 

Extra-urban, etc.: see ExTRa- 1. 


Extrav: ce (ekstrevigins). [a. Fr. ex- 
travagance, {. late L. extravagant-em: see EXTRA- 
VAGANT and -ANCE.] 

+1. A going out of the usual path ; an excursion, 
digression. Also, the position or fact of erring 
Srom (a prescribed path). “4, and fig. Obs. 

1643 Mitton Divorce u. vii. (1851) 80 A doctrine of that 
extravagance from the ny principles of piety. 1645 Ham- 
monp Pract, Catech, 11, I have troubled you too farre by 
this extra’ nce: I shall make no delay to recall my selfe 
into the rode againe. a@1656 Br. Hatt Rem, Whs., Life 
(1660) 15 Sollicited me for my Company in a Journey .. to 
the Spa..laying before me..the Benefit of that small Ex- 
travagance. ‘ 

2. The quality of being extravagant or of ex- 
ceeding just or prescribed limits, esp. those of de- 
corum, probability, or truth; unrestrained excess ; 
fantastic absurdity (of opinions, conduct, etc.) ; 
outrageous exaggeration or violence (of language). 

x EtHEREDGE Man of Mode. ii, L. Town, Here’s the 
freshest Fool in Town..Dor. Sooth him up in his extrava- 
gance! 168r Drypen Sf. Fryar Ep. Ded. 2 Some Verses of 
my own, Maximin and Almanzor, cry Ven ce upon me for 
their Extravagance. 1716-8 Lapy M. W. Montacue Ze?é. I. 
xxxvii. 144 You will accuse me of extravagance in this 
description, 1841 ErpHinstone Hist. nd. 1. u.iv. 207 The 
ee of the Braminical chronology and geography. 
1864 J. H. Newman A/o/. 392 Not to enfeeble the freedom 
or vigour of human thought in religious speculation, but to 
resist and control its extravagance, 

3. An instance or kind of extravagance; an ex- 
travagant notion, statement, piece of conduct, etc. ; 
an irrational excess, an absurdity, 

1650 Futter Pisgah vy. i. 143 Many maps are full of 
affected extravagances, a@1680 Butter Rem. (1759) I. 71 

Vor, III. 


473 


So Men, who one Extravagance would shun, Into the con- 
trary Extreme have run. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. i. 
18 An excess of joy. .has a thousand extravagances init. 1782 
Prigstey Corrupt. Chr. 1.1.69 Later writers. .did not follow 
Hilary in this extravagance. 1 to CoLeRInGe Friend 
(ed. 3) I, 80 The extravagances of ignorance and credulity. 
1857 Kes_e Eucharist. Adorat.1 Had there been no abuse, 
error or extravagance connected with the practice. 1875 
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 181 Impatient of the extravagances 
to which the love of truth almost necessarily leads. 

4. Excessive prodigality or wastefulness in ex- 
penditure, household management, etc. 

1727 ArsutHNor Coins 11. v. 133 They [the Romans] 
arrived by degrees to an incredible extravagance. 1805 
Foster Ess, 1. iii. 35 Extravagance of ostentatious wealth, 
1817 Mar. Epcewortu Rose, Thistle, etc. u. ii, Such ex- 
travagance, to give a penny, and a silver penny, for what 
7s may have for poeng. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. iii, 

can’t support them in their extravagances. 1873 Back 
Pr. Thule (1874) 16 Do you think I would take the child to 
London to show her its extravagance, Mod. The cook’s 
extravagance was too much for me, 

Extravagancy (ekstre-vaginsi). 
VAGANT ; see -ANCY.] 

+1. A wandering beyond bounds or out of one’s 
course ; vagrancy ; an instance of this. Ods. 

16or Suaks. 7we/, N. 1. i. 12 My determinate voyage is 
meere extrauagancie. 1634 Sir ‘T. Hersert 7vav. 224, I 
will lead you through no more extravagancies. 1669 Woop- 
HEAD St. Teresa. Pref. 16 For recollecting of the Thoughts, 
and hindering them from extravagancy. 

2. The quality or fact of being ExrravaGant 
(in senses 5, 6): +a. Abnormal or unusual char- 
acter, eccentricity ; impropriety, unbecomingness 
(obs.). b. The quality of exceeding the bounds 
of decorum, taste, or probability; in later use, 
flagrant excess, outrageousness. Now somewhat 
rare; cf, EXTRAVAGANCE 2. 

1651 Hoszes Leviath. . viii. 33 In Sonnets, Epigrams. .the 
Fancy must be more eminent; because they please for the 
Extravagancy. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xviii. 
(1663) 62 With the like extravagancy he answered to many 
other questions. 1690 Cuitp Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 76 For the 
bettering of trade, and pareing off the extravagancy of the 
Law. 1698 VansruGH Prov. Wife m1. i, Were it not for the 
extravagancy of the example, I should e’en tear out these 
wicked eyes. 1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God II. xiv. 362 
Touch’d with the Extravagancy..of the Jewish Nation. 

3. =EXTRAVAGANCE 3. 

1625 Br. Mounracu Aff. Cesar 1, xxxiv. 248 Popish 
extravagancies. 1662 GerBIER Princ. 17 The causes of 
many Deformities and Extravagancies in Buildings. 1671 
R. Bouun Disc. Wind 64 The Peruvian [mountains], and 
some others which may be reckon’d as the Extravagancys 
of Nature .. overlook the Clouds. 176r Hume Hist. Eng. 
III. Ix. 295 Numberless were the extravagancies which 
broke out among the people. 1834 Sir W. HamiLton 
Discuss. 491 Luther was betrayed into .. extravagancies by 
an assurance of his personal inspiration. _ 1838 WHEWELL 
in Todhunter Whewell’s Writings (1876) 11. 273 Landor’s 
extravagancies of expression. 

+4. =EXTRAVAGANCE 4. Ods. 

1666 G. Atsor Charac. Maryland (1866) 36 Natures ex- 
travagancy of a superabounding plenty. 1748 RicHaRDSON 
Clarissa (1811) I. xlii. 324 All your extravagancies have 
been supported gratis. 1750 G. Hucues Barbadoes 110, 
I have always thought it the height of extravagancy and 
luxury to fell so stately a tree. 1822 Mrs. E. NATHAN 
Langreath \. 19 He wanted money to pursue his extrava- 
gancies, 

Extravagant (ekstre'vigint), a, and sd. Also 
6, 7 aphet. StRavaGant. [In the special use 
A. 2, B. 1, directly ad. med.L. extravagant-em, pr. 
pple. of extravagari (or extraé vagari): see Ex- 
TRAVAGATE. The wider use came late in 16th c. 
from Fr. extravagant, which appears first in 14th c. 
The form SrRavaGANt, from It., is somewhat ear- 
lier in our quots. Cf. It. estravagante, stravagante 
(15th c.), Sp. estravagante.] 

. adj. 

+1. That wanders out of bounds; straying, roam- 
ing, vagrant. Ods. exc. after Shaks. 

160z Suaxs. Ham.1. i. 154 At his [the cock’s] warning 
.. Th’ extrauagant, and erring Spirit hyes to his Confine. 
ot Oth, 1. 1.137 An extrauagant, and wheeling Stranger, 
Of here, and euerywhere. 1615 G. SANpys 7vav. 93 Now 
dispersed into ample lakes, and again recollecting his 
extrauagant waters. 1841-4 Emerson £ss., Hist. Wks. 
Gwe) I, 12 Rare, extravagant spirits come by us at inter- 
vals. 

+b. Mil. Of an officer: Keeping no fixed place; 
having a roving function. Ods. 
_ 1622 Markuam Bk. War ui. viii. 69 He [the Serjeant] hath 
in the body of the Company, no Raunge at all, but is extra- 
vagant, and going vp and downe to oversee all Raunges. 
1672 T. Venn Mil. §& Mar. Discipl. v. 13 The two other 
—— to be extravagant, that is to view and see each 
Soldier keep his place. Ne ae ? 

2. Canon Law. The distinctive epithet of certain 
papal constitutions. 

(The L. adj. seems originally to have been sepiieg casually 

to denote ‘stray’ decrees not codified or collected in the 
decretals. They were afterwards added to the decretals, 
but retained their customary designation, to distinguish 
them from the older portions of the collection.] 
, 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 285 A constitucioun pat 
is not i-putte in be course of lawes is i-cleped a constitucioun 
extravagant. 1608 T. Morton Preamb. Incounter 109 He 
citeth the Constitution extrauagant of Pope Bonifacius. 
1885 Catholic Dict. s.v., Each title being devoted to one 
or more ‘ extravagant’ Constitutions. 


[f. Exrra- 


EXTRAVAGANT. 


+3. Spreading or projecting beyond bounds ; 
straggling. Obs. 

1605 B. Jonson Masque Blackness Wks. (1616) 894 They 
[the Masquers] were ait seene, but in an extrauagant order. 
1650 Futter Pisgah i. iv. 323 The prominency of this 
extravagant Tower. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 204 
Cutting the too thick and extravagant Roots a little. 1669 
Wor.ince Syst. Agric. (1681) 111 Trimming up such as 
you spare for Standards..from their extravagant Branches. 

+4. Widely divergent or discrepant (from, fo) ; 
remote from, irrelevant or foreign /o a purpose or 
subject. Ods. 

160r Br. Bartow Defence Prot. Relig. 115 A position ex- 
trauagant from all learning. 1605 VeRSTEGAN Dec. Jntel/. 
x. (1628) 337 Other languages, such as vnto ours are alto- 
gether strange and extrauagant. 1650S. CLarkE Eccl. Hist. 
1. (1654) EeaHe never brake forth into reproaches extrava- 
gant from the cause. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. / (1655) 166 
‘They were indeed the more knowing men, but their learning 
was extravagant to their Office. 1660 HickERINGILL ¥amaica 
(1661) 55 Whose Character..I deem not much extravagant 
here to insert. 1665 BoyLe Occas. Ke/i. v1. iii. 200 Won- 
dring to find our Customs so extravagant and differing from 
those of his Country. 

+5. Varying widely from what is usual or pro- 
per; unusual, abnormal, strange; unbecoming, un- 
suitable. Ods. 

1650 Futter Pisgah v. viii. 157 Persons .. treacherously 
slain, which occasioned their hasty, tumultuary, and extrava- 
gantinterment. 1664 Power £2. Philos. u. vii. 109 Those 
extravagant Phznomena, which we observed in the first 
Experiment of ‘Torricellius. @1668 Davenanr A/asgue 
Wks. (1673) 383 In an extravagant posture stood a ‘Tyger. 
1689 Lutrrett Brief Rel, (1857) 1. 586 Some. . officers, are 
taken into custody for drinking extravagant healths, and 
speaking reflectingly of his majestie. 1689 Burnet 7'racts 
I, 12 Lausanne is situated on three Hills. . This extravagant 
situation of the Town. 1901 tr. Le Clerc's Prim. Fathers 
(1702) 56A Garment which is not commonly seen, seems 
Extravagant, though it was Fashionable in former ‘Times. 

6. ‘Roving beyond just limits or prescribed 
methods’ (J.); exceeding the bounds of reason or 
propriety; excessive, irregular, fantastically absurd. 
Now with stronger sense: Astonishingly or fla- 
grantly excessive or extreme. 

a. of persons. Now rare exc. with agent-noun 
or Const. 77. 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. Induct., Shall I be 
so extrauagant to thinke, That [etc.]. 1633 Durie in 
Presbyt. Rev. (1887) 305 ‘Those yt were so extrauagant as 
to maintaine it unlawfull [etc.]. 1662 SrTiLLincrL. Orie. 
Sacr. 1. iii. §1 For them to have been so extravagant in 
their accounts of themselves, 1704 HEARNE Duct. Hist. 
(1714) I. 211 Zedekiah had..no regard .. for Virtue; and 
his companions were altogether as impious and extravagant 
as himself. 1815 W. H. IreELanp Scribbleomania 73 Vhe 
extravagant panegyrist of various living characters. 1840 
Macautay Ranke Ess. 1854 I]. 556/1 He [the enthusiast] 
e's be vulgar, ignorant, visionary, extravagant. 

. of dispositions, passions, actions, opinions, 
conditions, demands, etc. 

1588 Suaks. LZ. L. L. 1v. ii. 68 This is a gift that l haue.. 
a foolish extrauagant spirit, full of formes, figures, shapes 
[etc.]. 1676 D’Urrey Mad. Fickle m1, i, Your Father's in 
an extravagant rage. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 160 P 3 
‘There appears something nobly wild and extravagant in 
great natural Genius’s. 1769 Rozpertson Chas. V, V. 1. 
372 It was impossible..that the emperor would listen to 
these extravagant demands. 1809 JZed. FYrnl. XXI1. 123 
A mind poisoned by extravagant opinions. 1821 CraiG 
Lect. Drawing iv. 204 The extravagant praise bestowed on 
the best pictures of the Greeks. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 
I, 164 Both had..extravagant whimsies about dress. 1868 
J. H. Biunt Ref Ch. Eng. 1. 300 It is not extravagant to 
suppose. .that they had secret instructions, 

7. Exceeding the bounds of economy or necessity 
in expenditure, mode of living, etc. ; profuse, pro- 
digal, wasteful. a. Of persons. (Const. of) 

x71x Appison Sfect. No. 243 P8 An extravagant Man.. 
has nothing else to recommend him but a false Generosity. 
1739 R. Butt tr. Dedekindus’ Grobianus 55 What need 
we prove extravagant of Time. 1814 JANE AusTEN JZansf. 
Park (1851) 16 His eldest son was careless and extravagant. 
1879 Froupe Cesar i. 6 The rich were extravagant, for 
life had ceased to have practical interest, except for its 
material pleasures. : é 

b. Of expense, interest, price, etc. : Exorbitant. 

1707 Freinp Peterborow’s Cond. Sp. 165 His Lordship 
gave an extravagant interest of 20 percent. 1725 Dr For 
Voy. round World (1840) 99 The price .. was to us indeed 
extravagant though to them moderate. 1868 M. Pattison 
Academ. Org. iv. 106 An extravagant price to pay for the 
encouragement of sacred learning. 

» SO, 
1. Canon Law. An ‘extravagant’ constitution : 


see A. 2. os 

1go2z Ord. Crysten Men (W, de W.) 1. viii. 189 Those y* 
cut..y® body of ony deed persone. -ben acursed..by the ex- 
trauagant of Bonyface. a@ 1612 Donne Brabavatos (1644) 85 
The Canon law, to which the Canonist will stand .. are the 
Decretall letters, and all the extravagants. 1765 BLackstonEe 
Commt. 1. 82 Gratian’s decree, Gregory’s decretals, the sixth 
decretal, the Clementine constitutions, and the extravagants 
of John and his successors, form the .. body of the Roman 
canon law. 1882 Stusss Hist, Lect. (1886) 306 The Ex- 
travagants as they were called, that is the authoritative 
sentences of the Popes which were not yet codified. 

+2. One who strays or wanders from a place; a 
vagrant, wanderer. Ods. 

1583 Stuspes Anat. Adus. 1. (1877-9) 172 May you as 
rogues, extrauagantes, and straglers from the Heauenlye 
Country, be arrested of .. Christ Iesus. 165 T. ApAms 
White Devile 27 1 speak to you settled Citizens not Ex- 

60 


EXTRAVAGANT, 
ts. 1630-so Bravrorp Plymouth Plantation u. 
(1856) 187 Ordinarie officers are bound cheefly to their flocks 
ar age ig ae Chas. I (1655) (They) 
cs E rs 
Fess te for extravagants from their Commladen: a 


+3. One who does not keep within ordinary or 
reasonable limits; an exceptional or eccentric per- 
son; a fanatic. Ods. 

1626 W. Scratrer Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 242 Haters of God 
..the stile of some extravagants in nature. 1676 GLANVILL 
Ess. iv. § 4. 20 The Extra’ ts among us may be really 
distracted in the Affairs of Religion, though their Brains 
are untouch’d in other Matters. me Trans. Crt. Spain 
ut. 147 Whereby it may be seen what the e of these 
extravagants was against the Vice-Roy. 1768 RicHaRDson 
Clarissa VII. ii. 60 The dear Extravagant takes a delight 
in oddnesses. : 

+b. One who exceeds the bounds of moderation 
in expenditure, expensive living, etc.; a wasteful 
person, a spendthrift. Ods. 


1745 Dopstey Poems, Pain § Patience vi, The wild ex- 
travagant, whose thoughtless hand, With lavish tasteless 
| sheer commits expence. 1777 SHERIDAN Sch. Scand. 1. i, 

harles .. that extravagant, that bankrupt in fortune and 
reputation. ar Watrote Mem. Geo. [11 (1859) Il. 39 
A new club which by the excess of phy should draw all the 
young extravagants thither. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. 
Sy I. 42 A good humoured sporting extravagant. 

+4. An extravagant act, statement, etc.; =Ex- 
TRAVAGANCY 3. Obs. 

1644 Laup Wks. (1854) IV. 55 He fell foul upon me again 
..as that I was the author of all the extravagants in the 
Government. 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 107 Figments of 
mens brain, monsters of nature, devious extravagants, etc. 
1700 T. Brown tr. Fresny’s Amusem, Ser. & Comic 148 Ex- 
amine well this serious Extravagant..The Fools Bawble he 
makes such a pother with, is his Probity. 

tb. (See quots.). Ods. 

[Boorde’s use may be transf. from 1.] 

1547 Boorpe Srev. Health u. Pref., By cause I dyd.. 
leaue out many thynges in the fyrste boke..in this boke 
named ‘ the Extrauagantes’ I haue supplied those matters. 
1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. §& Art iv. To Rdr., As there were 
divers experiments that I could not conveniently. .dispose in 
..order..I thought it would not bee amisse to call them by 
the names of Extravagants. 

te. (See quot.). Obs. 

1622 Matynes Anc, Law-Merch, 129 Certaine Merchants 
contracts .. are called Extrauagants, because the manner 
either of buying or selling of commodities .. is rare and but 
vsed in some places. 

+ Extra‘vagant,v. Obs. rare—'. [f. prec. adj.] 
intr, = EXTRAVAGATE, 

1656 S. H. Gold. Law 21 To keep the so chosen within 
their said bounds, that they extravagant not. 


+ Extravaga‘ntine. O/s. [f. EXTRAVAGANT 
+-INE after Clementine.) = EXTRAVAGANT B. 1. 

1 Latimer 6th Serm. bef, Edw. VI (Arb.) 177 Luther 
..disputed agaynst the decretales, the Clementines, Alexan- 
drines, Estrauagantines. 

Extravagantly (ekstre-vagintli), adv. [f. 
as prec. +-LY*.] In anextravagant manner; to an 
extravagant degree. 

+1. In an irregular position or manner; in no 
fixed order. Ods. 

1623 MarkuHam Country Content. ii. 126 Setting the Sallets 
extravagantly about the table. 16a5 Souddiers Accid. 45 
The Corporalls .. office is .. to ride extravagantly vp and 
downe on either side the Troope. 

2. Ina manner transgressing the bounds of reason 
or propriety; + usurpingly, encroachingly ; in later 
use, with extravagance or undue violence of feeling 


or expression. 

1647 CLARENDON “fist. Reb. vi. (1703) Il. 53 The two 
Houses having. .extravagantly nominated their own Divines. 
1660 R. Coke Power § Subj. 13 Who have so extravagantly 
attributed both powers to be in the King. a@1z700 Drypen 
g. ), Her passion was extravagantly new ; But mine is much 
the madder of thetwo. 1710 STEELE Tatler No. 246 P8 They 
so extravagantly aim at what they are unfit for. 1796 Morse 
Amer. Geog. 1. 369 The famous fall. .is. extravagantly and 
ludicrously described. 
13¢ Their ahtagonists flew off as extravagantly from the 
sober good sense of our forefathers. 1858 HoLtanp 77/- 
comb’'s Lett, iii. 35 Everybody now dresses extravagantly. 

3. In an excessive degree ; to an excess. 

ax71g Burnet Own Time u. (724) I, 292 This Act.. 
being extravagantly severe. 1743 WaLPoLe Lett, H. Mann 
(1834) I. Ixxv. 271 Sold. for £300,000 a year, and that was 
reckoned extravagantly dear. 1748 Hartiey Odserv. Man 
un. ii. 88 Idolatry, to which all mankind were then extrava- 
gantly prone. 1890 Spectator 15 Feb., Extravagantly fertile 
regions. 


. In a too ex ve manner; with wasteful 


rofusion or prodigality. 
Pied. The Al ee aioencbiiedy furnished. 
‘vagantness. vare. [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality or fact of being extravagant. 
1727 in Baitey vol. II.; and in mod. Dicts. 
Extravaganza (ekstre:vigenzi). f[ad. It. 


estravagansa (an) extravagance (more commonly 
stravaganza), refashioned after L. ryt 

1. A composition, literary, musical or dramatic, 
of an extravagant or fantastic character. 

r Maruias Purs. Lit. (1798) 343 Author of the 
ant Extr on the C g ot dir ‘ohn Falst; 
W. H. Iretanp Scribbleomania 20 note, A portion of the ex- 
travaganza of that writer's Curse of Ke 1833 PLancnit 
Extravaganzas (1879) 1. 115 High, Low, Jack, and the 
Game .. a most extravagant Kimctrigune, 1873 M. Ar- 


leas- 
. 1815 


1809-10 CoLeripce Friend (1865) | 


musical extra: 
musician familiar with the he caricatures. 
2. What resembles an extravaganza ; bombastic 


extravagance of Jangeage or behaviour. 
1789 Betsuam EZss. II. xxxvi. 289 The inchantment of 
‘Tasso borders upon the extra 


3. nonce-use. An ‘extravagance’ in dress. 

1860 //eads & Hats 31 Send hoops, crinoline, and all ex- 
travaganzas to those bonfires in which we are wont to con- 
sume our Guys of every description. 

Hence Extravaga‘nzist, an extravaganza writer. 

a@ 1849 Por Marginalia Wks. 1864 III. 538 That .. school 
of extravaganzists who sprang from the ruins of b. 

te (ekstrevageit), v. [f. med.L. 


extravagat- ppl. stem of extrdvagari (or extra — 


vagari) to wander, stray outside limits, f. extra 
outside + vagari to wander. Cf. Fr. extravaguer.] 
To wander ; only in fig. sense. 

1. intr. To wander away, stray, from, into. Also, 
+ To extravagate it. 

1600 Agr. Aspot £.xp. Jonah 219, I love not to extrava- 
gate from my text. 1611 Cotcr., Sortir hors de propos, To 
.-extrauagate it, fall from the matter. 1643 Pryxne Sov. 
Power Parl. i. 108 A Maior. .extravagating from the com- 
mon course of Law and Justice. 1684 tr. Agripfpa’s Van. 
Artes v. 30 Who..when they cannot compass their ends in 
the right Jine, extravagate into forreign Pedigrees. 

F. Oakecey in Manning Zss. Relig. § Lit. 11.159 Extrava- 
gating into ten thousand forms of religious error. 

2. To wander at large ; to roam at will. 

1766 WarsurToON Servm. Wks. 1787 V. 326 When the 
body plunges into the luxury of Sense, the mind will extra- 
vagate through all the regions of a viciated Imagination. 
1805 Worpsw. Prelude v, Wks. (1888) 269/2 Schemes In 
which his youth did first extravagate. 1833 J. H. NewMAN 
Ch. of Fathers (1842) 301 Extravagating beyond the beaten 
paths of orthodoxy. 

3. To go beyond bounds; to exceed what is 
proper or reasonable. 

1829 Soutney S7r 7. More 11. 323 A Quakeress does not 
extravagate when she engages in such an enterprize. 1845 
Guiapstone Let. 10 Dec. in S. Wilberforce Life & Lett. 
(1880) I, 328 The Church of England has effectually confined 
this power from extravagating by the terms of the sixth 
Article. 1869 F. W. Newman Vise. 105 This [scenery] is 
a topic on which the moderns extravagate. e 

4. nonce-use. To go to extravagance 77. 

1871 M. Couuins M/rg. & Merch. 1. vi. 204, I extravagate 
in magnesium. It is not much dearer than wax candles. 


+Extravaga‘tion. O/s. [f. prec. vb.: see 
-ATION, Cf. Fr. extravagation.) Wandering be- 
yond due or prescribed limits ; an extravagance. 

1611 Cotcr., E.xtravagation, an extrauagation, or extra- 
uagating. 1669 WoopHeap St. Teresa 1. Pref. (1671) 16 
‘The thinking of them is apt to cause some extravagation 
of our thoughts in Prayer. 17.. Smottetr (T.), I do not 
pretend to justify the extravagations of the mob. 

+ Extra‘vage, v. Obs. rare. Also aphet. 
Srravace. [ad. med.L. extravagdri: see EXTRA- 
VAGATE.] 7/r. a@. To go beyond the sphere of 
duty ; to digress. b. To talk wildly, to ramble. 

¢16g0 Tarpat in Story W’. Carstares xi. 198 Churchmen 
kept to the ministerial function, without extravaging on their 
fanciful jurisdiction. 17§9 FounratnHatt Decisions I. 137 
‘The Duke of Albany. .extravaged so that, etc. 


+ Extrava‘sal, a. Ols.—° [f. L. extr@ out- 
side + vas vessel +-AL.] Outside its proper vessel, 

1674-81 in Biount Glossogr. 1692-1732 in Cours. 

xtra‘vasate, a. Obs. exc. poet. [f. next 
after ppl. adjs. in -aTE? from Lat.] 

1. a. Outside of or not contained in any vessel. 
b. =EXTRAVASATED. 

a. 1663-76 in Buttokar. 1671 Phil. Trans, VI. 2122 All 
the Juyce of a Plant is not extravasate and loose, and like 
Water in a Spunge. 

b. 1764 Watson in Phil. Trans. LIV. 241 This air was 
extravasate, had burst through the extremities of the bron- 
chia and vesicular substance. 1868 Browninc Ning & Bh. 
x1. 303 I'm told one clot of blood extravasate Ends one as 
certainly as Roland’s sword. 

2. Formed by extravasation. 

_ Nicnotts in PAi?. Trans. XXXV. 443 The Aneurysm 
.-I find to be round like other extravasate Tumors. 


Extravasate (ekstrevisclt), v. [f. L. extra 
outside + vds vessel +-aTE%, Cf. F. extravaser. 

1. trans. To let or force out (a fluid, esp. blood) 
from its proper vessel. 

W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 31 The exorbitant latex, 
which before was extravasated. 1684 Boy. Porousn. Anim. 
Solid Bod. iii. 17 Small portions of blood. .being extrava- 
sated are obliged to stagnate there. 1748 Hartiey Odserv. 
Max 1, i. 44 Blood and Serum extravasated, and lying in 
the Ventricles, suffocate Sensations. 1764 Watson in /Ai/. 
Trans. LIV, 244 As..injuries to the lungs are not easily 
removed, when once a rupture is made, every fit of cough- 
ing extravasates more air. 1797, M. Banu Morb. Anat. 
(1807) 349 The matter which had been extravasated during 
the Cisamation. 1880 Mac Cormac Antisept, Surg. 103 

is extravasated into the tissues. 

2. intr. for reff. Of a fluid: To flow out; to 
force its way out, to escape. 

1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery’s Chym. 1. xiv. (ed. 3) #5 The 
keen Galts which ..vaieed great offer vescencies ts the ood so 
as to make it extravasate. 1774 Gotosm. Nat, Hist. vii. 
82 The juice or sap, turn’d back from its natural course ex- 


EXTRAVOLUTION. 
travasates. 1847 Topp Cyc?. Anat, III. 641/2 Blood some- 
ii into the arachnoid 


“Extra ted, A//. a. [f. prec. +-ED},] 
. rare. 


“vasa 
+1. Placed outside a vessel. 


1664 Power . Philos. ut. 108 The flux in the extrava- 

sated leg of the Bagger eg ham Asia 

uae. set De Fon As els S he be not in 

the in: ey ee his extravasated 
that [etc. 

2. Of a fluid, esp. blood: Let or forced out of its 
r vessel ; effused. 


1 tr. Duhamel’s Husb. 1. xv. (1762) 76 ex- 
tra juice of..ash. 1835 Linpiey /ntrod. Bot, (1848) 
II. 343 The of the latex. 
b. Caused by extravasation of blood. 


1853 Kane Grinnell Exp, xxxiv. (1856) I have two 
ome of swelled limbs Pose pein b> blotches. 

3. Geol. Poured forth from a subterranean reser- 
voir. Cf, EXTRAVASATION 2. 

1875 N. Amer, Rev. CXX. 205 Here too we find the 
germs of his [T. S. Hunt's} theory of ‘ extravasated’ rocks. 

Extravasation (ekstre:vasé'-fan). [f. Exrra- 
VASATE v.: see -ATION. Cf. F. extravasation.] 

1. Path. The escape of an organic fluid (e. ¢. 
blood, sap) from its proper vessels into the sur- 
rounding tissues ; an instance of this. 

1676 Wiseman Surgery 2 The Plenitude of Vessels .. 
causeth an Extravasation of bloud. 1796 Morse Amer. 
G na I. 338 A stagnation and extravasation of the juices 
of t sak 1836 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1. 400/1 The extrava- 
sation of urine. 1877 Roserts Handbk. Med. 1. 28 Points 
of redness. .due to minute extravasations lood. 

Jig. 1685 Burnet Lett, (1687) 143 Such an extravasation 


-. of silver, occasions a at deadness in Trade. 1691 
Bevertey Mem. Kingd. Christ 9 God having suffer’d ., 
| so dangerous an Extravasation of the French Power. 


b. A mass or spot of extravasated blood. 

1836 Topp Cyc?. Anat. I. 52/2 On the substance of the 
extravasation there were a..number of spots of red blood. 
1878 A. Hamitton Nerv. Dis. 19 The crura and pons are 
to be examined carefully for softening extravasations. 

2. Geol. Effusion (of molten rock) from a sub- 
terranean reservoir ; also, a deposit so formed. 

1842 G. P. Scrore Volcanos 9 To permit an extravasation 
of some of the heated and liquefied and g: matters, 
1864 C. P. Smytu Our Inheritance u. viii, (1880) 1 
Amongst the veins and extravasations of granite and basalt. 

Extravascular (ckstrave'ski#la1), a. Anat, 
[f. Exrra- pref. + Vascutar.] Outside the vas- 
cular system ; not vascular. 

1804 Caruiste in PAi?. Trans. XCV. 12 The horns. .and 
cuticular coverings, are all of them..extra-vascular. 1854 
Woopwarp Mollusca (1856) 42 The shell..being extravas- 
cular..has no inherent power — 1869 Hux.ey Phys. 
ii. 26 There are certain parts which..are..said to be extra- 
vascular or non-vascular, 

+ Evxtravase, v. Ods. og F. extravas-er, f. 
L. extra outside + vas vessel.] =EXTRAVASATE. 

Hence E:xtravased ///. a. 

1703 W. Cowper in Phil. Trans. XXIII. 1389 The Wax 

st from the Veins to the Arteries without coming into the 
Froncha, or being extravas'd. 1852 Tx. Ross tr. Hum- 
boldt’s Trav, 11. xx. 276 Extravased and coagulated blood. 

+ Extrave'nate, a. Ovs. [f. L. extra+vén-a 
vein+-ATE2.] Let out of the veins. 

1661 Gianvitt Van. Dogm. xxi. 207 The wound is affected 
in like manner as is the extravenate bloud by the Sym- 
pathetick medicine. 17§§ in Jounson; and in mod, Dicts, 

+ Extrave'nate, v. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + 
-ATE3,] trans. To let (blood) out of the veins ; to 
extravasate. Hence Extravena'ted f//.a, Ex- 
travena‘tion, the action of letting blood out of 
the veins ; an instance of this. 

1650 Cuarteton Paradoxes 36 The blood once extra- 
venated, or effluxed out of its proper conservatory. .looseth 
its..vitality. 1668 Currrrrer & Coie Barthol. Anat, 302 
Extravenated Blood, or Blood out of its natural place, 

+ Extrave'rsion. 0s. rare. [ad. mod 
extraversion-em, f, L. extra outwards + version-em, 
n. of action f, vertéve to turn : see EXTROVERSION.] 
A turning out; a rendering manifest. 

ax69t Boye Jmperfect. Doctr. Qual. vii, The su 
extraversion or intraversion of sulphur, 1692-1732 
Extraversion, a turning ones thoughts upon outward objects, 
(1753 Cuamners Cycl. Supf., Extraversio in chemistry, a 
term used to express the rendering manifest any thing % 

Icali i led in mixed bodies.] 


or , 
+Extrave'rt,v. Obs. [f. L. extra outwards + 
vert-dre to turn: see EXTROVERT.] /rvans. To turn 
outwards so as to be visible. Chiefly in early 
Chemistry, to render visible or sensible (the latent 
constituents of a substance). 
1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chymt. iii. 52 It is me Ps 


my of the le ae 1691 Bove /mperfect. Doctr. 
t a v, # % 
Quai. vii, The sulphur, or other hypostatical principle, is 
intrave: or extra’ |, or as others inverted. 
— High Veneration (1835) 50 All things are naked, and 
. -extraverted to his eyes. 

Extra-violet : see Exrra- 1. 

Extravolurtion. nonce-wd. [f. L. extra out- 
wards + volvére to roll; cf. revolution.) A rolling 


outwards ; be merge to zntravolution. 
1829 LAMB Mem. viii. 265 To show the intravolu- 
tions, extravolutions of which the animal frame is capable. 


EXTRAY. 


+ Extray’,v. In 5 extraie. [ad. Fr. extracre, 
refashioned form of estratre:—L. extrahére: sec 
Extract.) = Exrract v, 

a 1450 Kut. de la Tour Prol. (1868) 3 Ther that y fonde a 
good ensaumple, y made extraie it out. 

Extra-zodiacal: see Exrra- 1. 

Extre, var. of AX-TREE, Ods. 

+ Extrea‘t, 5d. Ods. Forms: 5-7 extret(e, 
(5 exstreit, -treyt), 7- extreat. [var. of Es- 
TREAT, ex- for es- after Lat.: for sense 2 cf. OF. 
estraite:—L. extracta.] 

1, =Esrreat sd. 

in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. 113 Item, to Thomson to 
pass in Galway for the exstreitis of the ayris, xijs. 1497 
Lbid. 316 The extret of the ald air of Fiffe. 1622 CaLuis 
Stat. Sewers (1647) 227 But. .though I have omitted them in 
my extreats, you will allow me them in Swuxa totalis. 
1631 Wrever Anc. Fun. Mon. 525 Extreats of fines. 1706 
in Putts (ed. Kersey). 

2. Extraction. 

1596 Spenser /. Q. v. x. 1 Drawne forth from her by 
divine extreate. 

+ Extrea't. v. Ods.  [f. prec. sb.] 

L. ¢rans.=Esrreat v. 1. 

1523 Firzuers, Surv. xv. (1539) 33 The issues and profytes 
thereof .. are nat extreted in to the escheker. 1622 CALLIS 
Stat. Sewers (1647) 137 To extreat the Fines into the Kings 
Exchequer. 

2. To eliminate, get rid of. 

1628 Venner Baths of Bathe 23 The .. last thing to be 
considered in the vse of this Water, is, that it be not giuen 
to such, as..cannot extreate and passe it away by vrine. 

Extreme (ckstri*m), a., adv., and sb. Forms: 
5-7 extream(e, (6 extreeme), 5— extreme. [a. 
OF. extreme (F. extréme), ad. L. extrémus, super. 
of exterus outward (see EXTERIOR). 

The L. extvémus, like Eng. utmost, is scarcely to be 
found used in its strictly literal sense of ‘outermost’; the 
ordinary senses are ‘endmost’, ‘farthest’, ‘last’; and, 
with loss of the distinctively superlative signification, ‘very 
far advanced’, ‘excessive in degree’. In late L. the adj. 
was treated as a positive, with compar. and superl. degrees 
extrémior, extrémissimus. In Eng. extremer, extremest, 
and more freq. »ore, most extreme, are occasionally used, 
and (although condemned by Johnson) are justifiable on the 
ground that the adj. is not always equivalent to a superla- 
tive. In some instances the superlative form may be really 
pleonastic as in chiefest.} 

1. Outermost, farthest from the centre (of any 
area) ; endmost, situated at either of the ends (of 
a line, series, or scale: opposed to mean). Ex- 
treme parts (of the body): the ‘extremities’, hands, 
feet, fingers, toes, etc. (obs. or arch.). 

1503 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 24 Chichester is in the extream 
Part ofthe..Shire. 1557 Recorve Whets¢. D iij, Beginnyng 
with the two extremeste [nombers] that is.2. and .30. thei 
will roma pHoRT EE make .60. 1683 SALMon Doron Med. 
1, 32 [Hermodacts] purges Flegm by stool from the extream 
parts. 1725 Porr Odyss. xin. 281 The fruitful continent's 
extreamest bound. 1748 F. Smiru Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 
I. 165 The principal Care required being as to the extreme 
Parts, as to the Feet and Legs, Arms and Hands. 1831 
Brewster Oftics x. 89 The refrangibility of the extreme 
invisible ray which possessed the power of heating. 1871 
Freeman Norm. Cong. 1V. xvii. 72 These two extreme 
points of his province.. Hereford on the West and Norwich 
on the East. : 

b. Math. Extreme and mean ratio (or *pro- 
portion) : = Gr. dkpds kat péoos Adyos (see quots.). 

1570 Bitunestey Euclid 153 b, A right line is sayd to be 
deuided by an extreme and meane proportion, when the 
whole is to the greater part, as the greater part is to the 
lesse. 1827 Hutton Course Math. 1. 370 Let A B be the 
given line to be divided in extreme and mean ratio. 

ce. Bellringing. xtreme bells, change: (seequots.). 

1671 Tintinnalogia 8 On four Bells, there are Twent 
four several Changes, in Ringing of which, there is one Bell 
called the Hunt and the other three are Extream Bells. 
1677 F, S[reapMaN] Camfanalogia 55 The extream changes 
may be made two ways, viz. either betwixt the two farthest 
extream bells from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest 
extream bells to it. 

2. Farthest, or very far advanced in any direc- 
tion; utmost, uttermost. 

1600 Suaks. A. Y. Z. ui. 42 The hairie foole..Stood on 
th’ extremest verge of the swift brooke. 1705 ADDISON 
Italy 250 Miseno’s Cape and Bauli last he view’d, That on 
the Sea’s extreamest Borders stood. 1774 J. Bryant 
Mythol. I. p. vi, Colonies. .are to be found in the most ex- 
tream parts of the east. 1784 Cowper Zask u. 92 From th’ 
extremest point Of elevation down into th’ abyss. 1860 
B'ness Bunsen in Hare Z7/ II. v. 273 The extreme point 
supposed to have been reached. 1882 Procror Fam. Sc. 
Stud, 2, The extremest possible range of Telescopic vision, 

3. Last, latest. Ods. or arch., exc. in Extreme 
unction, in the Roman Catholic Church, ‘a sacra- 
ment in which the sick in danger of death are 
anointed by a priest for the health of soul and 
body, the anointing being accompanied by a set 
form of words’ (Catholic Dict.). 

¢1477 Caxton ¥ason 83b, The extreme draughtes of deth. 
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 3010 The extreme day. 
xss2z Asp. Hamitton Catech. ee 34 The daie of extreme 
jugement. 1579 Furke Refut. Rastel 795, Other writers, 
ascribe the institution of this extreame unction to Felix the 
fourth. - x Penn No Cross viii. § 8 The extream Mo- 
ments of Life. 182x SHEettey Adonais vi, Thy extreme 
hope, the loveliest and the last. 1875 Manninc A/ission 
H. Ghost i. 17 Those who upon a dying bed receive the 
Sacrament of Extreme Unction. 


475 


4. Going to great lengths; opposed to moderate. 

a. Of a quality, condition, or feeling: Existing 

in the utmost possible degree, or in an exceedingly 
high degree ; exceedingly great or intense. 

The phrase extreme old age is apprehended as belonging 
to this sense, though in the original L. extrema senectus the 
adj. has the sense 3. 

¢1460 Fortescue Ads, & Lint. Mon. (1714) 22 Lyvyn in 
the most extreme Povertie. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 
1531) 205 b, The moost extreme paynes, 1550 CovERDALE 
Spir. Perle xii, He himself lieth not in any such extreme 
necessity. 1634 Sir T. Herperr 7rav. 95 Winter colds, 
and. .the parching Sunne..which in their seasons are there 
extreame. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics ix. 125 It is the 
extremest madness in the world. 1710 HEARNE Collect. (Oxf. 
Hist. Soc.) I]. 348 Having an extream desire to be a Bp. 
1726 Cuetwoop Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 345 With the Day 
Reflection return’d, sharpen’d with the extreamest Hunger. 
1828 Scorr /. M. Perth xxiii, Their surprise at his escape 
was therefore extreme. 1868 Giapstone Yuv. Mundi x. 
§ 1. (1869) 388 The extremest degree of guilt, 1891 E. 
Peacock N, Brendon II. 66 He knew that he was in ex- 
treme peril. ’ 

b. Of a case, circumstance, supposition : Pre- 
senting in the utmost degree some particular 
characteristic. 

1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. § 9. 16 Cases of necessitie 
being sometime but vrgent, sometime extreme. 1875 
ovate Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 24 The nature of anything is best 
<nown from the examination of extreme cases, 1888 Bryce 
Amer. Comm, U1. \x. 427 Party loyalty [is] strong enough 
..in all but extreme cases. 

ce. Of actions, measures, etc. : Severe or violent 
in the utmost degree, or in an exceedingly great 
degree ; stringent. 

isiz Act 4 Hen. VII/,c, 20 Pream., Theire adherentes 
made extreme resistens. @ 1533 Lp. Berners //wou 
Ixxxii. 256 The doloures wepynges & teeres that they 
made were so extreme. 1538 Bate God’s Promises ut. in 
Hazl. Dods@ey I. 297 Neither kindness nor extreme handling 
can Make him to know me. 1607 Suaks. 77mou Ul. Vv. 54 
To kill, I grant, is sinnes extreemest Gust, 1614 Br. Hatt 
Recoll. Treat. 975 Moderate exercise strengthens, ex- 
treame destroys nature. 1685 Drypen Thren. August. v. 
9 Th’ extreamest ways they first ordain. 1856 Froupe //is¢. 
Eng. (1858) II. vii. 130 Having been driven to so extreme a 
measure against his will. 1888 A. K. Green Behind Closed 
Doors ii, We never anticipated her taking any such ex- 
treme action as this. 

d. Of opinions, fashions, etc.: Going to the 
utmost extent; exceeding the limits of modera- 
tion. 

1876 J. Saunvers Lion in Path xi, A lady, dressed in the 
extremest fashion of the time. 1878 Morey Cardy/e Crit. 
Misc. Ser. 1. 200 Holding one or other of the rival creeds in 
its most extreme, exclusive and intolerant form. 

e. Of persons: Going to great lengths in any 
action, habit, disposition, or opinion; very ‘ pro- 
nounced’, In early use often: +Strict, severe, 
harsh. Now chiefly with reference to opinions. 

@ 1533 Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 154 The extreme 
enemies of God. @ 1533 Lp. Brerners Gold. Bk. MI. Aurel. 
(1546) N vj, He shewed hymselfe as bolde in wordes, as ex- 
treme and base in his array. 1535 CoveRDALE /s. cxxix: 
3 Yf thou (Lorde) wilt be extreme to marcke what is done 
amysse. 1594 West Symbol. u. Chancerie § 139 A. B. 
accompted of him as of a verie extreame man. 1598 SHaks. 
Merry W. ww. iv. 11 Be not as extreme in submission, as in 
offence. 1602 Life 7. Cromwell v. v. 127 Gardiner’s the 
cause makes Cromwell so extreme. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 
Trav. 197 The greatest part are Heathens and extreme 
Idolaters. 1784 Cowrer YZask 1. 380 In conversation 
frivolous, in dress Extreme. 1860 Hook Lives A dfs. (1869) 
I. i. 2 A Master who is not extreme to mark what is done 
amiss, 1889 Sfectator 28 Dec., There will be a natural 
tendency in men who have this note of distinction to be .. 
what is called ‘extreme’ men. 

+f. Of material agents, influences, etc. : Effec- 
tive in the utmost degree; exceedingly intense or 
powerful in operation. Ods. 

c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyx liv.(1890) 212 Extreame con- 
tagion of dangerous sicknes. 1612 Drayton Poly-old. xvi. 
253 Those two extreamer Winds from hurting it to let. 1634 
Str T, Hersert Trav. 104 Supping a delighted Cup of ex- 
treame poyson. 1748 F. Smitu Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 1. 
158 The Wind. . began to be extreme, or very intense. 

5. Music. a. In sense 1, as extreme parts, the 
highest and lowest parts in part music. b. Z.x- 
treme interval; = ‘augmented interval’; see 
AUGMENTED 2b. @. Lxtreme key; a key other 
than those related keys into which it is usual to 
modulate. +d. Formerly said of a key having 
more than three sharps or flats (o0s.). 

1731 G. Ketter Rules for Playing Thorow-Bass in W. 
Holder Harmony 164 The extream Sharp second is the 
same distance as the Flat third. /ééd. 191 The extream 
Sharp 2d. and 4th, generally prepares a Cadence. The sth. 
and 7th. and the Flat sth. and extream Flat 7th. are 

enerally the fore runners of a Cadence, 1876 Strainer & 

ARRETT Mus. Terms, Chord of the extreme sixth, a 
chord of modern growth socalled because the interval of 
an extreme or ted sixth is d in it, either 
directly or by inversion. 1880 Parry in Grove Dict. Mus. 
s.v. Znterval, The interval of the augmented sixth is in- 
differently called ‘superfluous’ or ‘extreme sharp’ sixth ; 
and the same terms are applied to the fifth. 

+B. adv. In an extreme degree; = EXTREMELY 2; 
formerly frequent with adjs., occasional with advybs., 
rare with vbs. Ods. 

1593 H. Smitu God's A rrowe Biij, Except they be extreame 
vuathankeful and dissol 1594 H. Wixtosie in Shaks. 


EXTREME. 


C. Praise 9 'Vhe smothered flame, too closely pent Burnes 
more extreame for want of vent. 1636 Eart SrraFFoRDE 
Lett. & Disp. (1739) 11. 22 My Lord Marshal writes ex- 
tream doubtfully of his Success with the Emperor. 1710 
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 53 You have done 
extreme well in speaking to the Vice-Chancellor. 7 
Burney Jetastasio 11. 5 In the empty and extreme cold 
theatre, 1816 Keatince Trav, (1817) I. 270 Articles. .of an 
extreme costly description, 
SOs 

1. quasi-sé. The adj. used aésol. ; only in phrases, 
In (the) extreme: in an extreme degree, extremely. 
+ To be in extreme: to be at the extreme stage of 
some state or condition. 

1604 Suaks. O¢h. v. ii. 347 Of one .. Perplex’d in the ex- 
treme. @1711 KEN Sion Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 390 Fond 
Love..Is ever in Extreme. 1780 Cowrrr Lett. 8 May, I 
am delighted..in the extreme. 1790 Norman & Bertha 
I. 67 Elevated, but not in extreme, by their bacchanalian 
offering [etc.]. 1823 in Cobbett Ruy. Rides (1885) 1. 321 
‘The labourers’ houses .. beggarly in the extreme. 1847 
Grote Greece 1. xlv. (1862) LV. 69 This dismissal, ungracious 
in the extreme. .excited. .exasperation. 

+2. sb. The utmost point or verge; that which 
terminates a body; an end, extremity. Ods. 

1570 Bitiincstey Euclid 1. Def. iv. 2 A right lyne is that, 
whose extremes abiding, cannot be altered. 1626 BAcon 
Sylva § 749 Most of the hard substances fly to the extreams 
of the Body. 1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech. vi. 58 
‘The open extream [of the pipe]. 1748 F. Smiru Voy. Disc. 
N.-W. Pass. 1. 28 Their Paddle being double bladed.. 
and the Blades one at each Extreme. 1802 PLayrair /élustr. 
Hutton. Th. 304 Plumbago is the extreme of a gradation of 
which fossil coal is the beginning. 1808 J. Bartow Codi. 
1. 573 Far in his vast extremes he swells and thaws. 

+b. Ln (the, his) extremes: in the last moments 
or stage of life. Obs.; =L. 22 extremts (which is 
now often used). 

1546 Bate £ng. Votaries u. (1551) C viij b, As he laye in 
extremes. 1558 Br. Watson Sev. Sacram. xxx. 193 Send- 
ynge for theym [Priestes] in the extremes when they can 
doo them least good. 1613 Purcuas Pidgr. 1x. iii, (1614) 
833 In his extremes he vttered these things to his Con- 
fessor. [1767 Goocu Yreat. Wounds I. 286 A person 
apparently ¢z extremis, under a fit of the apoplexy. 1830 
Scorr A/onast. Answ. Introd. Ep. zofe, Having sent for a 
Cameronian clergyman when he was iz extrentis.) 

3. That which occupies a place at eitherend of any- 
thing ; one of two things removed as far as possible 
from each other, in position, nature, or condition. 
Also in proverb: EL.xvtremes meet. 

1555 Eprn Decades 175 Not accomptynge the extremes. 
1605 SHAKS. Lear v. iii. 198 Two extremes of passion, ioy 
and greefe, 1699 Burner 39 Art. xxv. (1700) 268 The other 
Extream that we likewise avoid, is [etc.]. 1721 Dre For 
Mem. Cavalier (1840) 17 As the English were very much 
out of favour ..so the Scots were on the other extreme 
with the French. 1800 .J/ed. Prvd. 111. 251 Vhe intermediate 
space between those extremes. 1816 Byron Parvisina xiv, 
Now in laughter, now in tears, But madly still in each 
extreme. 31822 Haziirt 7adée-¢, I. xv. 360 Extremes meet 
.. the most furious anarchists have since become the most 
barefaced apostates. 

Logic. Each of the extreme terms in a pro- 
position or a syllogism ; in a proposition the sub- 
ject or predicate, as distinguished from the copula ; 
in a syllogism, the major or minor term as distin- 
guished from the middle. 

1628 T. Spencer Logick 258 Ifthe last extreame be affirmed 
of the middle terme, and the middle terme of the first ex- 
treame. 1655-60 STANLEY //ist. P/zlos.(1701) 182/1 Extreams 
are the partsof a Proposition. 1837-8 Sir W. Hami.ron Logic 
xvi. (1866) I. 295 The Major and Rinoe Terms [of a syllogism] 
are called Extremes. 1849 Hosiyn Dict. Sct. Terms, Ex- 
tremes. In Logic, the subject and predicate of a proposi- 
tion are called its extremes or terms. 

ce. Math, The first or last term of a ratio, series, 
or set of numbers. + Z.xtrentes conjunct and £.x- 
tremes disjunct, terms formerly in use in Spherical 
Trigonometry (see quot. 1796), for which adjacent 
parts and opposite parts are now employed. 

1571 Dicces Pantom. iv. Def. iv. Tjb, When foure 
magnitudes aré .. in continual proportion, the first & the 
fourth are the extremes. 1616 Wricur tr. Nafier’s Descr. 
Logarithmes 1. iii. 8 Of the Logarithmes of three pro- 
portionals, the double of the second, or middle one, is equall 
to the summe of the extremes. 1753 Cuambers Cycl. Supp., 
Extremes conjunct. 1796 Hutton Math. Dict. 1. 463 Ex- 
tremes Conjunct and Mictvences Disjunct in Spherical Tri- 
gonometry, are the former the two circular parts that lie 
next the assumed middle part, and the latter the two that 
lie remote from the middle part. 1806 — Course Math. 1. 
115 Subtract the less extreme from the greater, 1859 BARN. 
Smitu Avith. & Algebra (ed. 6) 432 The terms @ and d are 
called the Extremes. 

d. Music. Zhe extremes of an interval: the two 
sounds most distant from each other. 
e. Bell-ringing: = extreme change’: see A. 1c. 

1684 R. H. Sch. Recreat. 96 You may make your extream 
at the first, second, or third single Bob. 1702 J. D.& C. M. 
Campanalogia Impr. 20 An Extream is a distinct Change 
from the rest, and made by the two farthest Extream Bells 
from the Half-hunt. | 

4. The utmost imaginable or tolerable degree of 
anything; a very high degree. Also in phrases Zz, 
to an, the extreme; in extremes (cf. 1). 

I Suaks. 3 Hen. VI, m. ii, 115 By so much is. 
the Wonder in extremes. @1631 Cart. Smitu 77ue 7yav. 
ul. 47 Here the Proverbe is true that no extreame long con- 
tinueth, x Pore Ess. Crit. 386 Avoid extreams; and 
shun the fault of such Who still are pleas’d too little, or 
too much. 1715 — /diad 1. Ess. Homer & ii, oe do they- 

60-2 


EXTREMELESS. 


[men] equally. . bear that human Nature. .Should be prais'd 
in an without oppositi 1777 Burxe Let. 
Sheriffs Bristol Wks, 1]. 185 The extreme of liberty. . 
obtains no wl 1791 J. Lacxincton Mem. (1792) 228 
She was enthusiastical to an extreme. ope’ s i 
Trade 109 A climate subj to great extremes. 1846 
Greener Sc. Gunnery 117 Twisted .. to such an extreme 
as to resemble the threads of a very fine screw. oe 
Emerson Lett. § Soc. Aims, Pers. Poetry Wks. (Bohn) ITI. 
237 Life in the East is fierce, short, hazardous, in ex- 
tremes. 1883 F. M. Crawrorp Dr. Claudius ii, He was.. 
dressed in the extreme of the English fashion. 
+b. = Extremities, straits, hardships. Qds. 

1546-7 Pacer Let, 2 Mar. in Tytler Edw. VJ (1839) I. 24, 
I neuer loued extreams. 1594 Martowe & Nasne Dido 1.1. 
9 Lighten our Extremes with this one boon. 1634 Sir T. 

ERBERT Tvav. 25 The Sea-men fell into great extreames. 
1667 DrypEN fo 4 Emperor w. ii, What now remains in 
these Extreams? . 

5. An excessive degree; a ‘very great length’, 
in phrases to + break, carry, run to an extreme; 
also, something carried to excess, an extreme 
measure, a desperate step. 

1588 Suaks. 77t. A. ut. i. 216 Do not breake into these 
deepe extreames. 1592 Nasne P. Penilesse(ed. 2) 26 b, If I 
prooue Playes to be noextreame, 1611 Suaxs. Wint. T.1v. iv. 
6 My gracious Lord, To chide at your extreames, it not be- 
comes me. 1752 YounG Brothers w. i, On what Extremes 
extreme distress impels me? 1789 Betsuam Ess, I, xii. 217 
This would be running into a very absurd extreme. 1804 
Med. Frnl, X11. 32: The antiphlogistic regimen, carried 
into extremes. . have Teen the causes. 1867 Mrs. H. Woop 
Life's Secret \1. 11, I never thought the masters would go to 
the extreme of a lock-out. 

Extremeless (ekstr7‘mlés), a. vare. [f. Ex- 
TREME sé.+-LESS.] Having no extremes or ex- 
tremities ; infinite. 

1847 in Craic ; and in mod, Dicts. 

Extremely (ekstr/mli), adv. [f. ExrReMe a. 
+-Ly 2, 

+1. To the uttermost degree; in or with a very 
great degree of some quality, esp. severity. Ods. 

1532 Fritn Mirror iii. (1626) 43 That thy negligence. .be 
not..extreamly imputed unto thee. 156 Foxe A. & MV. 
(1684) III. 832 He was extreamly racked, within half a 
finger breadth as far as Anne Askew. 1661 Perys Diary 2 
Nov., I did extremely beat him. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 
250 It must be extreamly beaten, hich will break all the 
knots of Lime. 1709 Swirt in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 340 
A sine-cure..which..would fitt me extremely. 1819 Byron 
thes 1, Ixxvi, She .. look’d extremely at the opening 

oor. 

tb. Zo be extremely in (superfluity, etc.): to 
be in state of extreme (superfluity, etc.). Obs. 

1562 BuLteyn Def agst. Sickness 51a, Twoo humours, 
equall aboundyng together, extremely in superfluite. cn 
60 Stantey Hist, Philos. (1701) 98/1 A Widow..extream 
in_want. 

2. Inan extreme degree ; exceedingly, very much. 

a. with vbs. Now somewhat rare. 

1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husb. 1, (1586) 122 You must 
not suffer your horse to drinke after his journey, till he be 
colde : howbeit, if he sweate not to extremely..it is not so 
daungerous. 1607 SHAKs. Tiron 11. ii. 14 One of his men 
..vrg'd extreamly for't .. and yet was deny’de. 1634 
Sin T, Hersert 7vav. 19 The Seas sweld extremely. 1711 
Wa tis in J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. Pref. 31 Many who 
stuttered extreamly. 1 Suttivan View Nat. I, 121 The 
cause of the cohesion of matter has extremely perplexed 
philosophers. 1841 Lane Arad. Nés. 1. 85 The king was 
extremely astonished. 

b. with adjs., pples., or advbs. 

1540-54 Croke xiii. /’s. (Percy Soc.) 11, I am made feble 
like a wretch, Extremely croked, backe and bone. 16; 
Rouse Heav. Univ. Advt. (1702) 3 It was soextreamly 
dangerous. 1644 Mitton Educ., If wise Men and Prophets 

not extreamly out. 1776 Avam Situ W, N. 1. iii. 
(1869) I, 21 The Mediterranean was extremely favourable to 
the infant navigation of the world. 1808 Han. More Caleds 
v. (1809) 55 They used the strongest terms..They were ex- 
tremely glad and extremely sorry. 1889 Sat. Rev. 23 Mar. 
335/1 aly an extremely strong and an extremely cool man 
could make the beating adequate to the offence. 

Extremeness (ekstri‘mnés). [f. as prec. + 
-NESS.] The quality or fact of being extreme. 

1530 In PatsGr. 218/1. 1609 Tourneur Sir F. Vere 481 
By extreamnes in another kind. 1727 in Baitey vol. II. 
1839 Por Fall House Usher Wks. 1864 I. 306 The ex- 
tremeness of the folly. 1891 Pad? Mail G. 28 Dec. 3/2 The 
extremeness of its critical position may be judged, etc. 

(ekstr#miz’m). [f. Exrreme + 
-IsM.] ‘Tendency to be extreme ; disposition to go 
to extremes. 

1865 Daily Tel. 29 Dec. 2/1 These days of extravagance 
and extremeism. 1 The American Xi. 276 te is.. 
this extremism which makes any effective control of the traffic 
in liquors so nearly hopeless, 

mist (ekstr7mist), [f, as prec. + -18T.] 
One who is disposed to go to the extreme, or who 
holds extreme opinions, 

1846 in WorcesTer (citing Ec. Rev.) 
Sp.7 Mar. 53 The extremists of 
violent. 1856 Otmstep 
of the South their opp as 
1873 Wuitney Orient, Stud, 122 The extremists of the 
German school. 

+ Extre'mite. 00s. rare—'. 
-ITE.] = Extremist. 

1546 Garpiner Decl. Art. Yoye p. xx, Fol 
newe scoole of extremites, he denied all degrees of grace. 

Extremity (ekstre‘miti). Forms: 4-6 extre- 
mite(e, ex(s)tremyte(e, 6-7 extreamitie, -ty, 


1850 D. WessTeR 

both parts of the country are 

Slave States 177 The extremists 
"4 ons 


[f as prec. + 


nge the 


476 


-extremity. [ad. F. extrémité, ad. L. extrémi- 
tat-em, f. extrémus (see EXTREME a.).] : 

1. The extreme or terminal point or portion of 
= ; went rte Pe round of 

‘8 Cis x extremite i 

Pinang 1578 Lyte Dodoens he «Lord 413 Meera St 
at their extremities or endes certayne whites. 1607 SHAKs. 
Timon w. iii. 301 The middle of Humanity thou neuer 
knewest, but the extremitie of both ends. 1657 S. Purcuas 
Pol. Flying-Ins. 204 The extremities of their wings are 
blunt. 1 BoyLe Style of Script. 75 In the Mariner's 
Compasse, the Needle’s extremity, though [fetc.]. we tr. 
Gregory's Astron. 1. 47 From these Extremities , D, draw 


the very small right Lines FZ, DC, 1828 Starx Elem. 
Nat. Hist. 11.296 Antenne thickening towards their ex- 


tremity. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Extremities, the 
stem and stern posts of a ship. 1870 F. R. Wutson Ch. Lin- 
disf, 8x At the extremity of the east end is a mausoleum. 

b. pi. The uttermost parts of the body; the 
hands and feet. 

Bk, Quintessence 17 He schal waische al his body 

and his extremytees wip brennynge watir ofte t 1 
Fiover Physic. Pulse-Watch 438 Cold in the Extremities. 
1768 W. Gitrin Ess. Prints 112 His heads are ill-set on; 
his extremities incorrectly touched. 1804 ABERNETHY Surg. 
Observ. 185 His extremities were cold. His feet were put into 
hot water. 1870 Emerson Soc. §& Solit., Courage Wks. 
(Bohn) III. 109 Bodily pain is..seated usually in the skin 
and the extremities, 

+ 2. The two things which are at the extreme 
ends of a scale; the ‘extremes’ as opposed to the 
‘mean’. Obs. 

1375 Barsour Bruce vi. 336 Vorschip Extremyteis has 
twa; Fule-hardyment..And..cowardiss. c1400 Rom. Rose 
6528 Richesse and mendicitees Ben clepid two extremytees. 
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 179/3 Thextremytees of Justyce 
ben cruelte and defaulte. 1598 BarcxLey Felic. Man (1631) 
620 The extremities of estates, specially the highest, are more 
subject to those things. .than the meane estates. 

3. The extreme or utmost degree, that which 
reaches the utmost point. + Also in phrases /”, ¢o 
can, the, that) extremity. Obs. =EXTREME Sb. 4. 

1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 The kynge.. is forced .. 
to prosecute his saide ennemies, with the sworde to the ex- 
tremitie of his power. 1§§2 Hutort, Extremitye of the 
lawe. Summum Ius. 1590 Suaxs. Com. Err. 1. i. 142 
Haplesse Egeon whom the fates haue markt To beare the 
extremitie of dire mishap, — Mids. N. um. ii. 3 Which 
she must dote on, in extremitie. 1638 Rouse Heav. Univ. 
iii. (1702) 23 Having none of them to suffer extremities 
of Penury and Want. 1 Watton Angler 1. xvii. § 5 In 
Derbyshire. .the waters. .clear to an extremity. 1692 Dry- 
pDEN Cleomenes Pref., Farce, the Extremitie of bad Poetry. 
1719 De For Crusoe (Reprint) 41 The weather was hot to 
the Extremity. 1722 — Plague (1756) 173 It was encreased 
to such a frightful extremity. 1 Gisson Decl, & F. 1. 
xxiv. 708 The last extremities of thirst and hunger. 1882 
Farrar Early Chr. 1. 449 note, No more violent extremity 
of sin. .can be described. 

+b. The utmost penalty. Oés. 

1sgt R. Turnsutt St. Yames 103 Before the iudgement 
seates. .they will haue the extremitie of them. 

+4. Extreme or inordinate intensity or violence 
(of passion, action, suffering, labour, etc.) ; an in- 
stance of this ; a violent outburst. Ods. 

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. li, Great extremyte Of fervent 
love. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. ii. 38 With equall measure 
she did moderate The strong extremities of their outrage. 
1596 Edward //1, u11. i, 35 When the exhalations of the air 
Break in extremity of Lightning flash. 16ar Br. Harv 
Heaven upon Earth § 4 Anvnwonted extremitie of the blow 
shall fetch blood. 1632 J. Havwarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 
20 The Admirall..burst..into an extremitie of weeping. 
1669 Marvet Corr. cxxix. Wks, 1872-5 II. 293 Having the 
favor to sit by reason of his extremity of the gout. 

b. Extreme stress or severity (of weather). 

1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 197 All such Extremities 
of Weather. 1692 LurTrety Brief Red. (1857) IL. 348 The 
extremity of the weather. .prevented it. 1716-8 Lapy M. 
W. Montacue Left. I. xxi. 65 It is now the very extremity 
of the winter here. 1797 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) 1. 75 
The extremity of the weather. . 

+ 5. Extravagance in opinion, behaviour, or ex- 
penditure ; an instance of this. Odés. 

@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) lv b, Ye 
women are so extreme in all headlong extremitees. 1598 
Suaxs. Merry W. 1. ii. 169 If 1.. shew no colour for my 
extremity : Let me.. be your Table-sport. 1642 Futter 
Holy : 'vof. St. u. ix. 86 Many notorious for extremities 
may find favourers to preferre them. x709 Strvre Ann. 
Ref I, xlvi. 505 This extremity in apparel..tended to the 
confusion of the deg of all 1712 SteeLe Spect. 
No. 426 P 4 All the Extremities of Houshold Expence. 

+ 6. Extreme severity or rigour. Ods. 

1s.._ Hours of Virgin 100 Entreating me wt like ex- 
tremitie As if I were Thy mortall enemie. 1580 Barer 
Alv, E 505 To vse extreamitie .. Jure summo ¥ 
1599 Suaks. Com. Err. v. i. 307 Oh times extremity ! 

ast thou so crack’d and splitted my en 
[ete.]. Massincer Unnat. Combat, 1. i Bivb, We 
sit ingag’d to censure him with all Extremitie and rigour. 

7. A condition of extreme urgency or need ; the 
utmost point of adversity, embarrassment, or suf- 


fering. Phrases, 70 + bring, drive, + put, reduce 


to (the last) extremity or extremities. + Upon an 
extremity: on an emergency. 
¢ 1425 Hoccieve Minor P. i. (1892) 208 In swich an houres 


extremitee, ¢ 1542 Upatt in Ellis Orig, Lett. (1843) 3 Con- 
sidre in what extremitee and distresse I am constitute. 1560 
A. L. tr, Calvin's Foure Serm. Songe Ezech. iv, Sometimes 
thei are brought to such ie that onles they digge 
the earth. .they haue not a droppe of water to drinke. 1597 
Mortey /xfrod. Mus. 21 He vsed it-vpon an. extremity. 


483/r been. him up as if to be shot, knowing all the 


EXTRICATION, 


1607 TorsELt Serpents ( A Serpent was the first 
igi Wh ids seems. eee ees es dae 
daring Pilot in Extremity. @ 169 Fiavet Sea-De- 
liverances 1731 II, 608 We that man's ex 
is God's sane see Se Creses he Sie ae 
I was vot driven to any extremities for food. 1781 Gis- 
son Dect, § F. 111. 165 Florence was reduced to the last 
extremity, 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 95 Driven to 
extremity. 
b. (Zo resist, etc.) to the last extremity: to the 
death. + Zo expect the extremity: to be prepared 
for the worst or for death. 


1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1 The Besieged. .seem resolved 
to expect the E -¢ Emerson Eng. Traits, Aris- 
tocracy Wks. (Bohn) IT. 80 The English tenant would defend 
his lord to the last extremity, 


8. A person’s last moments; the ‘article of 


1602 Warner 4b, Eng. xiu. Ixxvi. (1612) 315 Yea..in 
extremeties, thou touchest on his name. ‘2 628 Preston 
New Covt. (1636) At the day of death, at the time of ex- 
tremity. 1 . TorRiaNo a Throat 51 Many 
Children sick of this Disease, to w! I could give no Help, 
— not called till the very Extremity. 1838 James Louis 
ATV, III. i. 14 Letters from Mazarin announcing that the 
King was at extremity, 1863 Sata Last Crusader 218 
Saint Louis. . being in extremities. . iv i 

9. An extreme measure; the utmost point of 
severity or desperation. Chiefly in f/. 

1639 Massincer Unnat. Combat. 11. i, Look, therefore, for 
extremities .. I will .. kill thee As a serpent swollen with 
— 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc, Hist. (1827) VIII. x1x. ix. 250 

rge me to extremities. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. Const. 
xii. 165 In case matters were pushed to the extremity of 
a civil war. Jéid. xv. 234 The extremities to which the 
leaders went against the King. 1890 Sat. Rev. 19 Apr. 


that he could not legally proceed to extremity. 

10. The quality of being extreme (in the current 
senses of the adj.) ; extremeness. Somewhat rare. 

1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 555 The extremity of the 
danger drew Sancroft forth from his palace. 1861 TULLocn 
Eng. Purit. 99 The very extremity of their views gave them 
strength. 1 Sraniey Yew. Ch. (1877) 1. xvii. 328 This 
exact description..required by the very extremity of its 


| destruction. 


Extricable (ekstrikab’l), a. [f. L. extrica-re: 
see next and -aABLE.] That may or can be extri- 
cated. ta. That may be unravelled or solved 
(obs.). b. That may be set free or got out. 

a. 1623-6 in Cockeram. 1678 Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. 
863 Some Difficulty, not easily Extricable by us. a1711 
Ken Hymnotheo Wks. 1721 U1. 274 With Diabolic Eden 
them [the Labyrinth, Catacombs, etc.] compare, They 
regular, and extricable are. 

- 41794 Sir W. Jones Select Ind. Plants § 28 Germ.. 
scarce extricable from the calyx enclosing and ing it. 
1853 Miss E. S. Suerrarp Ch. Auchester |. Ir When defily 
handled, [it] had still some delights extricable, 

Extricate (ekstrikeit), v. [f. L. extricat- 
ppl. stem of extricdre to disentangle, f. ex- (see 

Ux- pref.!) + tricw lexities.] 

1. trans. To unravel (what is my ee Jig. to 
clear of intricacies or perplexities. Now rare. 

1614 SeLpen Titles Hon, 384 Neither do I see any Ciuilian 
able to extricat it enough cleanly. Hace Prim, Orig. 
Man, 1. i. 40 This .. extricateth that Question which hat 
so troubled 4 the World. 1678 Cupwortn /ntell. Syst. Be 
Thou extricatest the involved threds of Fate. 1684 AY 


Corr, (1848) 139 Extricating what is and en led. 
1849-50 Atison //ist. Europe II. xvii, § 14. 496 
od of extricating public affairs. 
2. To disentangle (a person or thing) 5 to disen- 
gage, set free from, out of (anything entangles, 
a state of confinement, di ty, or entangle- 


ment). 
@ 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 181 If we search farther into 

= tag than the Scripture hath 

s we 


extri- 
cated out of endless intanglements. 1665 R. Hooxe Micro- 
coe» SS the Springs of the several parts .. imme- 
iately extricate themselves and fly asunder every way. 
a 1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 12 A thicket, out of 
which he knows not how to extricate hii . 3794 SuL- 
uivan View Nat. V. 388 Extricate from prej 
dice. Fr. A. Kempre Resid. Georgia 46 
length extricated myself from the group, 1866 Owe: 
Vertebrates 1. xii. § 120, 635 The rest Tot 
of the em! and 
months. 
to extricate overw 
b. Chem. To liberate, disengage (gas, etc.) from 
a state of combination. 
1790 Keir in Phil. Trans, LXXX. 365 The quantity of 
nitrous gas ex’ 
'T. Tuomson Chem, 3 y 
be extricated from the acid. ae ws Dict. Arts U1. 557 
The carbonic acid and other ive gases, .extricated, 
Hence Evxtricated f//. a. 
Reeve God's Plea 29 If man which is but an impli: 
cated and mixt Agent, how much more God [may lord it], 


who is an extricated and free Agent? 
. of action f. 


Extrication (ckstrik?" fan). 
L. extricdre; see prec. and -aTION, 
1. The action of extricating or disentangling ; 
disentanglement from an involved situation, from 

difficulty or perplexity. 
B. Discolliminium 45, 1 shall be allowed the full 


beret of all the. .extrications..that I..can devise. 1750 
Jounson Rambler No, 62 ?3 Too.. to think 


EXTRINSIC. 


much on any thing but the means of extrication. 1854 BriGuT 

Sp. (1876) 275 A people whose extrication from ignorance 
and poverty can only be hoped for from the continuance of 
peace. 1854 H. Rocers £ss, (1860) II. 27 Immense is the 
difficulty attending the clear extrication and expression of 
truth in intellectual philosophy. 1856 Kane Arct. Exi.1, 
xxvii. 361, I owed my extrication. .to a team-dog. 

b. Escape from the egg; hatching. 

1797 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 331 Young Turkies, 
after their Extrication from the Shell; are very tender. 1866 
Owen Axat. Vertebrates I. xii. § 119. 623 After extrication, 
the tadpole rapidly grows. 

2. Chem. The action or process of setting free 
(an element, gas, etc.) from something containing 
it; = Evotution 3. Now rare. 

a@1691 Bovie Producibleness Spirits u. iii, We may sup- 
pose it [acid spirit] to have been made rather by transmu- 
tation than extrication. 1790 Keir in PAil. Trans. LXXX. 
365 Noextrication of gas appeared until [etc.]. 1800 Henry 
EL pit. Chem. (1808) 144 Heat and vapour .. accompanied .. 
with an extrication of light. 181x AperNeTHy Surg. Wis. 
L ‘i The extrication of inflammable air. 1856 W. A. Miter 
Elem. Chem, u. ii. § 286 Chemical action attended with 
extrication of light and heat. 

Extrinsic (ekstrinsik), @ Forms: 6 ex- 

trynsyke, 7 extrinsique, 7-8 extrinsick(e, 7— 
extrinsic. [ad. F. extrinsdgue, ad, late L. ex- 
trinsec-us, ad}. f. L. extrinsecus adv. ‘ outwardly’, f. 
exter outside + -2z suffix of locality + secus prep. 
‘beside’, used as a suffix=Eng. -stde, f. root of 
sequ-t to follow; cf. altrinsecus, intrinsecus, utrin- 
secus. The ending has been assimilated to the 
suffix -1c.] Outward ; opposed to éntrinsic. 

+1. Situated on the outside ; exterior. Obs. rare. 

154r R. Copranp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., One [skin] is 
extrynsyke or outforth. 

b. Pertaining to the outside; external. 

1750 Jounson Rambler No. 58 6 She disguises life in 
extrinsic ornaments. 1805 Worvsw. Prelude xu. Wks. 
(1888) 327 Extrinsic differences, the outward marks Whereby 
society has parted man From man. 1824 Dispin Libr. 
Comp. 765 The notes are worthy of its extrinsic splendour. 

+e. absol. (quasi-sb.). The external signs. Ods. 
a1797 H. Watrote Mem. Geo. I] (1847) ILI. iii. 49 He 
missed that affection. .which his virtues..deserved ; for he 
wanted the extrinsic of merit. 

2. Pertaining to an object in its external relations. 
Now rare. 

@1617 Bayne Ox Eph. (1658) 19 Christ in regard of his 
extrinsick nature is the Son of God. 1 G. Watts tr. 
Bacon's Adv, Learn, 1. iv. 145 Astronomy exhibiteth the 
extrinsique Parts of Celestial Bodies, (namely the Number, 
Situation, Motion, and Periods of the starres). 1801 Knox 
in Knox & $ebd's Corr. (1834) I. 18 To explain these, and 
similar passages, as if they referred, rather to a relative and 
extrinsic, than..a real and internal change. 1867 Drarer 
Amer. Civ. War II. 487 The Confederates suggested .. 
entering conjointly on some scheme of extrinsic policy. 

. Anat, 

1871 Darwin Desc. Man I. i. 20 The extrinsic muscles 
which serve to move the whole external ear, 1884 Syd. Soc. 
Lex., Extrinsic limb-muscles, those muscles which are at- 
tached in part to the trunk and in part to the limbs. 

3. Lying outside, not included in, or forming 
part of, the object under consideration. Const. fo, 


rarely } from. 

1666 Soutu Serm. Tit. ii. 15 (1715) I. 181 Any. . Discourse 
extrinsick to the Subject Matter and Design of the Text. 
1678 R. Barctay Afol. Quakers xiii. § 4. 456 Things ex- 
trinsick from, and unnecessary to, the main matter. 1715 
Cueyne Philos. Princ. Relig. 1.144 A Principle quite ex- 
trinsick to Matter, 1818 Hatvam Mid. Ages (1872) II]. 428 
The reality of universal ideas, considered as extrinsic to the 
human mind. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law i. Ex- 
trinsic... Applied to evidence..beyond that afforded by the 
deed or document under consideration. @1866 J. GroTe 
Eth, Fragm. ii.(1876) 36 Authority emanating from the public 
and extrinsic to the individual. 2 

b. Of a cause or influence: Operating from 
without, external, extraneous. 

1613 SHERLEY Trav. Persia 52 The King began to thinke 
himselfe. established . . both from intrinsicke and extrinsicke 
dangers. 1699 BuRNET 39 A7+#. i. (1700) 26 God is..just.. 
not by an extrinsick Necessity..but by an Intrinsick Ne- 
cessity. 31819 W. Lawrence Comp, Anat. (1822) 73 Some 
extrinsic aid. 1878 Foster PAys. mt. i. 394 A superficial 
cell which alone is subject to extrinsic stimuli. 

4. Due to external circumstances; not inherent 
or essential ; accessory, adventitious. 

16az Matynes Anc, Law-Merch. 415 The true value of 
moneys, according to their intrinsicke weight and finenesse, 
and their extrinsicke valuation. 1675 Witkins Naz. Relig. 

u. vi. 364 The Royal stamp upon any..Metal may be suffi- 
cient to give it an extrinsick value..but it cannot give an 
~intrinsick value. 1725 Watts Lagic 1. ii. § 4 Extrinsic 
modes are such as arise from something that is not the sub- 
ject or substance itself. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 60 P 12 
ot to be known from one another but by extrinsic and casual 
circumstances, 1822 Hazurrr 7ad/e-t. I. v. 105 Without any 
extrinsic advantages of birth. 1875 Stusss Const. Hist. 
III. xxi. 612 The ages in which they would work .. with 
fewer extrinsic incumbrances. =~ 
+b. Pertaining to what is adventitious. Ods. 

1680 Morven Geog. Rect. (1685) 261 The outward Form 
or Character of the Prince or State [is observable] for the 
extrinsick Knowledg of Money, 


Extrinsical (ekstri‘nsikal), a. and sb. Now 
yare. Forms; 6-9 extrinsecal(1, 6-7 extrinsi- 
call, 7-9 extrinsical, [f. as prec. +-AL.] 

. adj. 


1. =Exrainsic 1. 


477 


1594 Biunpevin Exerc. ut. 1. ix. 292 These two circles 
having respect to a materiall Spheare, are said to be ex- 
trinsicall or outward. 1609 DouLanp Ornith. Microl. 44 
Extrinsicall [signes] are those. .which doe outwardly present 
themselues. 1645 Rutuerrorp 77yal §& Tri. Faith (1845) 
63 There is carnosity on the ear-drum. ‘This is extrinsical. 

b. =Exrrinsic 1 b. 

1580 G. Harvey 3 Proper Lett. 14 That .. skill I have in 
extrinsicall & Intrinsecall physiognomie. 

2. =ExtTRINsIC 2. 

1608 D.'T. Ess. Pol. §& Mor. 55 Due consideration must 
be had of those things .. though of themselves, and without 
extrinsecall relation, they be neverso laudable. 1693 Lricn- 
Ton Comm, 1 Pet. (1850) I. 24 This our adoption is not a 
mere extrinsical denomination, as is adoption amongst men. 

3. =ExtRINsIC 3. 

1641 WiLkins Math. Magick u1.i.(1648)146 Something which 
is extrinsecall unto their own frame. 1651 W. G. tr. Cowed's 
Just, 193 The condition. .that the Rent shall be paid in any 
extrinsecall place. @1797 Burke Hints Ess. Drama Wks. 
1812 V. 425 The other (the order of things] is as it were 
foreign and extrinsecal. 1870 LoweLL Among my Bhs. Ser. 
1, 84 Shakespeare .. projected himself in his own creations ; 
but those creations never became .. so objective, or, as they 
used to say, extrinsical, to him, so as [etc.]. 
= EXTRINSIC 3 b. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 24 Safetie .. from outward, 
and extrinsicall anoyaunce. 1604 ‘T. Wricur Passions 1. i. 
4 Diverse other extrinsecall causes of diseases. 1644 Dicny 
Nat, Bodies x. (1658) 94 The motion of every body followeth 
the percussion of extrinsecal Agents. 1718 J. CHAMBERLAYNE 
Relig. Philos. (1730) 11. xxii. § 36 Some other extrinsical 
Impediment. 1754 Enwarps /reed. W702. i. 138 One of 
our Fellow Creatures who did us Good .. from meer Com- 
pulsion, or extrinsecal Necessity. 

4, =Exrrinsic 4. 

1593 NasHe Four Lett. Confut. 62 Of such extrinsecall 
things..would I not willingly vaunt. 1649 Jer. Taytor G?. 
Exemp. i. xi. 154 All else that is to be considered concern- 
ing prayer is extrinsecall, and accidentall to it. 1690 BoyLe 
Chr. Virtuoso 1. 4 One Circumstance .. may seem more 
Extrinsecal than those hitherto mentioned. 

+ B. sé. Something that is extrinsic. 
* 1622-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 257 These extrinsecals 
of Religion. 1659— Aximadv. in Fuller's Appeal (1840) 319 
‘The first. .is a mere extrinsecal. 

Extrinsicality (ckstrinsikzeliti). 
+-1Ty.] The state of being extrinsical. 

1852 in Rocer 7hesaurus 6, 1860 in WorcESTER 3 andin 
later Dicts. 

Extrinsically (ekstri‘nsikali), adv. [f. as 
prec. +-LY *.] | In an extrinsic manner; ton the 
exterior ; + in outward behaviour; with respect to 
outward qualities or external relations ; so as to 
be outside or distinct from the object under con- 
sideration; from an external source, by external 
influence; unessentially, adventitiously. 

1584 R. Scor Disc. Witcher. 1. iv. 61 They [witches] 
hurt extrinsecallie with images, hearbs, &c. 1613 J. SALKELD 
Treat. Angels 39 An Angell is said to assume a body, because 
hee is onely extrinsecally united unto it. 1647 H. More 
Song of Soul 1. Pref., te will extrinsecally shape .. his 
actions according to that outward Rule. 1659 B. Harris 
Parival’s Iron Age 148 The Princes..lamented him ex- 
trinsecally; but were. .glad enough, to be rid of such a Con- 
querour. 1668 Cutrerrer & Coie Larthol. Anat, 1. xi. 26 
According to the Longitude of the Colon, there are ex- 
trinsecally observed certain fat Appendices. 1675 M. Cuir- 
ForD Hum. Reason in Phenix (1708) 11. 545 A Vision or 
Revelation extrinsecally coming into their Souls. 1855 H. 
Spencer Princ, Psychol. (1872) 11. vit. iii. 320 Time. .1s ex- 
trinsically connoted. 1858 GLapstone Homer II. ii. 167 The 
idea of spiritual danger to man through guile tempting him 
extrinsically but inwardly, entirely disappears. 

Extrinsicalness (ekstri‘nsikalnés). [f. as 
prec.+-NESS.] The state of being extrinsical. 

1727-36 in BaiLey; and in modern Dicts. 

+Extrinsicate, @ Ols. rare—'. In 6 
-secate. [f. L. extrinsec-us (see EXTRINSIC) + 
-ATE4,] == EXTRINSIC 2. 

1600 Dr. Crs ad u. iii, in Bullen O. PZ. (1884) IIL. 122 
Dreames..Which nature doth not forme of her owne power 
But are extrinsecate. 

Extrinsicate (ekstrinsikeit), v. rare. Also 
7 extrinsecate. [f. as prec.+-ATE3.] “vuns. To 
exhibit outwardly ; to express. 

1645 City Alarum 1g To extrinsecate my selfe more 
plainely, this opinion is spawned by ignorance of our con- 
dition. 1887 Workman tr. Bianchi’s Disord. Lang. in 
Alien, § Neurol, VU. 219 The idea cannot be extrinsicated 
either in spoken words or in writing. 

Extro-, a quasi-Lat. prefix, with the sense ‘ out- 
wards’, an alteration of L. extra outside, after the 
analogy of L. zwtrd inwards, compared with zxtra 
inside ; cf. also L. contrd- (see ConTROVERT). It 
occurs only in words formed after the model of, 
and by way of antithesis to, similar compounds of 
intro-. 

Extroduction (ekstrodyk f). [f. Exrro- 
pref. + L. duction-em drawing, leading ; cf. zntro- 
duction.] ‘A drawing out or extraction’ (Syd. 
Soc. Lex. 1884). 

Extroitive (ekstrdwitiv), a. rare. [f. Exrro- 
pref. + L. it- ppl. stem of zve to go + -IVE; cf. 
introitive.| Directed to external objects. 

1834 CoteripcE Lit. Rem. (1836) 11, 111 Women. . feel less 
proportionate abhorrence of moral evil in and for itself, and 
more of its outward consequences. .their natures being al- 
most wholly extroitive. 


[f. prec. 


EXTRUDE. 


+ Extromi‘ssion. 0s. vave—'. [n. of action 
f. as next ; cf. 2¢roméssion.] The action of send- 
ing out or forth. 

1622 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. ut. ii. § 2 (ed. 3) 424 Not by 
an extromission of rays of Knowledge but by an intromis- 
sion of [etc.]. is ’ 

+ Extromi't, v. Ods. [f. Exrro- + L. mitt- 
ére to send.] trans. To send or throw out. 

ax7ir Ken Hymmnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 36 Satan 
with Looks, which extromitted Spite. /déd. 267 Eyes. .ex- 
tromitting lustful Flame. 

Extrophy, var. of Exstropuy. 

Extropical (ekstrppikal), a. [f. Ex- prefi+ 
Tropic + -aL.] = £xtra-tropical : see EXTRA- 

1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea iii. § 169 In the ex-tropical 
regions of the South. 

xtrorsal (ekstr#isal), a. Bot. [f. next + -au.] 
=next. 1842 in BrANDE, 1846 in WorcrsTER. 

Extrorse (ekstrg1s), a. Bot. [a. F. extrorse, 
f. L. extrors-us in an outward direction, f. extra 
adv. (see EXTRA) + versus towards.] (See quots.). 

1858 Gray Bot, Text-bk. v. § 6. 282 When the anther looks 
away from the pistils and towards the petals. .it is said to be 
extrorse, or turned outwards. EY Bot. 239 The 


or outwards (extrorse ) 

Extrorsely (ekstrgusli), adv. Bot. 
[f. prec. +-LY*.] In an extrorse manner. 

1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 241 Gentiana.. anthers de- 
hiscing extrorsely. 

Extroversion (ckstrovsufan). [n. of action 
f. as next; cf. 2¢roverston. Mod.F. has extrover- 
Sto in sense 2: see EXTRAVERSION.] The action of 
turning, or the condition of being turned, outwards. 

+1. In the language of mysticism (see quots.). 

1656-81 Biounr Glossogr., Extroversion ..in mystical 
Divinity..a scattering or distracting one’s thoughts upon 
exterior objects. 1788 Westey Hs. (1872) VI. 451 The 
turning of the eye of the mind from him [Christ] to outward 
things they [the Mystics] call Extroversion. 

2. Path. The condition of being turned inside 
out ; esp. applied to a malformation of the bladder ; 
= EXSTROPHY. 

1836 Topp Cycl. Anat. I. 391/1 In extroversion of the 
bladder the anterior part of this organ is more or less com- 
pletely wanting. 

xtrovert (ckstrovait), v. rare. [f. Exrro- 
pref.+L. vert-cre to tum. Cf. dutrovert: see :x- 
TRAVERT.] ¢vans. To turn or thrust outwards (a 
material object) ; to give an outward direction to 
(thought). 

1671 J. Wesster Aletallogr. xii. 197 The external and 
combustible Sulphur. .is.. protruded and extroverted. 1804 
Knox & Jess Cory. I. 102 Every idea that could, even by 
possibility, extrovert the thought. 

Extruct, -ion, -ive, -or: see Exsrrvct, ete. 

Extrude (ekstrid), v. [ad. L. extriid-cre, f. 
ex- out + dradére to thrust.] 

1. trans. To thrust (a person) out or forth; to 
urge or force out; to expel. Const. from, + out 
of, and + with double obj. by omission of from. 

a. with obj. a person. 

1570 Levins Manip. 183 To Extrude, extrudere. 1586 
Warner Alb, Eng. iv. xxiii. (1612) 110 Let not a ‘Traytors 
periured Sonne extrude us from our right. 1601 B. Jonson 
Poetaster 11.1, Say he should extrude me his house to-day. 
1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. 1v. (1626) 72 Others, that all 
is possible, conclude, To true-styl’d Gods: but, Bacchus 
they extrude. 1795 WytHe Decis. Virginia 49 From which 
any man with a military warrant might extrude the pro- 
prietor. 1837 CartyLe Fr. Rev. v. ii, Your Third Estate 
shall suddenly see itself extruded from its Hall. 

b. with obj. a material thing ; in mod. use es/. 
to exclude (an embryo, ova, etc.). Also occas. with 
sense ‘ to protrude out’. 

1566 Painter Pal. Pleas, 1. 78 The like also some do 
attempt by deuises and subtile secretes to extrude theyr con- 
ceptions. 1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 120 The Riuer.. bringing 
down earth with his deluges, and extruding the sea by little 
and little. 1676 PAi2. Trans. XI. 770 The bloud from the 
heart..is again extruded. 1786 /ésd. LXXVI. 161 The 
animal. easily contrives to extrude itself. 1836 Topp Cycé. 
Anat. 1. 700/2 The number of eggs extruded by each indi- 
vidual is very great. 1848 CLoucH Amours de Voy. 1. 91 
Ye..extrude from the ocean your helpless faces. 1870 Rot- 
Leston Anim. Life Introd. 47 The embryos are extruded 
from the uterine cavities. : 

¢. with an immaterial thing as obj. 

1598 Yonc Diana 137 All hate shall be extruded. 1629 T. 
Hawkxiys Elegy in Sir ¥. Beaumont’s Bosworth F. 7 Loose 
Humous vent, and Ballad-Line extrude. 21745 Swirt Char. 
P—te M—h, Wit .. was extruded from his head to make 
room for other men’s thoughts. 1856 Faser Creator & 
Creature 1. i. (1886) 8 The idea of God. is .. extruded .. 
by the press of matter, 1869 M. ArnoLp Cult. & Ax. (1882) 
p._.xxxil, Presbyterianism was only extruded gradually. 

2. intr. for ref. To protrude out. rare. 

1852 Dana Crust. 1. 670 It may be made to extrude by a 
little pressure. 1865 ‘Umpra’ 7rav. 18 The great fount, 
a basin of which .. extrudes like a large boil from the 
plain. 

Hence Extruded Z#/. a. 

1687 Assur, Abb. Lands 43 The Canons of the Church ., 
were no ways questioned by the extruded. a1761 Law 
tr. Behmen’s Myst. Magnum xvii. (1772) 71 In the Stead 
and Place of extruded Lucifer. 1875 Bucktanp Log-dk, 110 
With open mouth and extruded tongue. 1881 BLackie Lay 
Sevm. 1. 55 An extruded cat moans woefully. 


rare—", 


EXTRUMPERY. 


Extru'mpery, adv. Also 6 extrumpere. [A 
humorous perversion of EXTEMPORE adv.] = Ex- 
TEMPORE adv., with allusion to TRUMPERY. 

1583 Sranvuurst “Zneis Ded. (Arb.)8 Certeyn pild verses 
clowted vp extrumpere. 1589 Nasne M.'s Months minde 
14 Such p only as th lues make Ex trumperie. 

Extrusile (ekstrisil), a. rare. [f. L. extrits- 
ppl. stem of extriidére (see ExTRUDE) + -ILE.] 
Capable of being thrust forth, 

; 1849 Jounston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. 364 The apex 
is..furnished with a very long extrusile. .stylette, 

Extrusion (ekstr#zon). Also 6 extrution. 
[f. as if ad. L. *extriston-em, n. of action f. ex- 
triidée : see EXTRUDE.] The action of extruding 
or thrusting out; the fact of being extruded. 

1. In physical sense: a. The action of pushing 
out; expulsion by mechanical force. b. Protru- 
sion from within an envelope; the putting forth 
(e.g. of a bud or branch, an eruption, etc.). 

1638 W. R[aw ey] tr. Bacon's Life & Death 84 In all 
Ali ion, or Nourishment, there is a two-fold Action ; 
Extrusion, and Attraction. 1684 T. Burner 7h. Earth 
30 A violent depression of some parts of the earth, and an 
extrusion and elevation of others. 1839 Murcuison Si/ur. 
Syst. 1. xxxii. 436 This extrusion been brought about 
by a succession of small upcasts. 1875 H.C. Woop Therap. 
(1879) 66 ‘The extrusion of white blood-cells in the frog’s 
mesentery. 

2. Expulsion by violent or rigorous measures 
from an abode, place, position of privilege, etc. 

1540 Wyatt Let. to Cromwell Wks. 1816 II. 394 The 
treaties shall be followed to the extrusion from all their 
dominions. 1§93 7e//-Trothe’s N. ¥. Gift 37 An vnkind 
extrution .. of her out of dores. 1650 R. HottincwortH 
Exerc, conc, Usurped Powers 11 Meer forcible extrusion 
deprives not any lawfull Magistrate of his right. 1736 S. 
Sreecn in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 365 An unjust..Extru- 
sion from his College. 1780 Jounson L. P., Congreve Wks, 
III. 163 Upon the extrusion of the Whigs, some inter- 
cession was used lest Congreve should be displaced. 1875, 
Merivae Gen. Hist. Rome \xxix. (1877) 675 The extrusion 
of the people from the interior of the city. 1885 Manch. 
or 1o Mar. 5/2 The extrusion of the hereditary prin- 
ciple. 

Extrusive (ckstrisiv), a. [f. L. extris- ppl. 
stem of extriidére to EXTRUDE +-IVE.] a. Tend- 
ing to extrude or thrust outwards. b. Resulting 
from or characterized by extrusion. ¢, Capable 
of being protruded. 

1816 Kreatince Trav. (1817) I. 24 ‘These hills are not.. 
the extrusive edges of strata, but rather elevated table 
land. 1848 JouHNston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 11. 307 
The shafts are extrusive, being pushed out like a telescope. 
1886 Proctor in 19th Cent, May 693 The immense extru- 
sive power of the volcanoes of the tertiary era. 

Extrusory (ekstr/‘sori), a. [f.as prec. + -ory.] 
‘That extrudes or thrusts out. 

In some mod, Dicts. 

+ Extuberance (cksti7bérans). ?Ods. [f. 
EXTUBERANT: see -ANCE.] a. The quality or 
condition of being extuberant. b. concx. Some- 
thing that swells out or up ; a swelling, projection, 
protuberance. /i¢. and fg. Also collect. in sing. 

1607 WALKINGTON Of/. Glass 122 The internall hollowes 
of the extuberances of our artery. 1616 CHapMan //omer’s 
Hynms Epil., All is extuberance and excretion all, That 
you your ornaments and glories call. 1786 Phil. Trans. 
LXXVI. 9 The least degree of extuberance in the surface 
of the metal. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. viii. § 2 (1819) 104 
The concave recess of the bone formed by the extuberances 
on each side. 

+ Extu‘berancy. Ods. [f. ExruBERANT: see 
-ANCY.] =prec. 

1634 'T. Jounson tr. Parey's Chirurg. v. vii. (1678) 111 On 
each side they have an extuberancy, 1646 J. Grecory Notes 
& Obs. (1650) 114 [The dry land appeared] not. .so precisely 
globous as before, But recompenced with an extuberancy 
of Hils and Mountaines. 1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 183 
‘Take off the Irregularities or Extuberancies. 


Extuberant (cksti#bérint), a Now rare. 
[ad. L. extiiberant-em, pr. pple. of extiéberare to 
swell out, f. ex- out + ¢#der a swelling.] Swelling 
or standing out, protuberant. 

1578 Banister Hist. Man y. 70 The Orifices [of the ven- 
tricle] towardes the interiour partes, obtaine a swelled, or 
more extuberant part like a circle. 1654 Gayton Pleas, 
Notes ww. viii, 223 Shaking her extuberant and reverst lips. 
1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 216 Scrapes off the extuberant 
Mettle. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 197 A substance.. 
which. .in time becomes so extuberant as to deform the face 


of the walls, 1819 in Topp; and in mod. Dicts. 
+Extu‘berate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. extii- 
berat- ppl. stem of extiberare (see prec.).) a 


intr. 'To swell out or up. b. ¢vans. ‘To make to 
swell’ (Blount Glossogr.). 

1623-6 Cockeram, E.xtudberate, to swell like the sea. 1658 
Rowtanp Monet's Theat. Ins. 976 Two cornicles .. tear 
which the forepart of the head doth a little extuberate, 
1692-1732 in CoLes, 1721-1800 in BaiLey, 

Hence +Extu'berated f//. a. Also fig. + Ex- 
tu'berating #//. a., protuberant. 

1727-36 Baitey, Extuberated, swelling into knobs or 
knots. 1634 T. Jounson tr. Parey's Chirurg. m1. xi. (1678) 
63 [The abdominal muscles] are situate in the eminentest 
or extuberating region of the belly. 1737 G. Smitn Cur. 
Relat. X. iv. 547 Rising here and there with extuberating 
Hills and Montains. 1768 Life § Advent, of Sir Barth, 


478 
Sapskull V1. 51 An extuberated proof of her singular affec- 
tion for young Romeo. 

+ Extubera‘tion. 0ds. [ad. L. extiberation- 
em, n. of action f. extiberdre (see prec.).]  concr. 
Something that swells out, or up; protuberance. 

1615 CRooKE ant of Man 752 The.. same Teate-like 
extu 


EXUBERANTLY. 


Exuberancy (egziibéransi). 
derantia: see prec. and -ANcy.] 

1. ELUDES 57 Ib. 2 
ane F eye ee ae Dav. Ps, xviii. = 


[ad. L. exi- 


ration or Mamillary processe. 1663 Fa 
Serm. (x672) IL. 632 Excrescences and extuberations to be 
lopped off and abated. 1721-1800 in Baitey. 

+ Extu'beric, a. Ods. [f. Exruper-anv +-10.] 
Swelling out, projecting. 

1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 230 The Iron Pin. .will resist 
the extuberick parts of the Edge of the Guide. 

+ Extu‘berous, @. Ods.—° [f. ExTuBER-ANT + 
-ous.] Swelling out, protuberant. Hence + Extu’- 


~ berousness. 


1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey) E-xtuberous, swelling forth or 
bunching out. 1721-1800 in Bauwtey. 1727-36 Baitey, Ex- 
tuberousness, the swelling or bunching out in the body. 
1775 in Asn. 

Extue, obs. form of Escuew v.1 

Extume'scence. [a. F. extumescence, f. L. 
extumescent-em, pr. pple. of extuméscére to begin 
to swell out, f. extumére, f. ex- out+tumére to 


| swell.] A swelling out or up. 


1611 Coter., Extumescence, an extumescence, a swelling, 
a rising vp. 1656-81 in BLount Glossogr, 1721-1800 in 
BaiLey. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 

+ Extume'scency. 0ls. rvare—'. [f. as prec. : 
see -ENCY.] = prec. 

1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vit. 294 Lest. .these Bowels 
should be incited to tetaneous extumescencies, 

Extund (ekstynd), v. [f. L. extund-ére, f. ex- 
out + undére to beat.) ¢vans. To beat or hammer 
out; only fig. 

1610 W. Foikincuam Art of Survey To Rdr. 3 To ex- 
tunde and beat-out this true Proportion, I obserue the 
Circumstances proiected. /éfd. 1. iv. 52 Mensuration is 
conuersant in extunding the lineall extentions of longitudes, 
1727 in Battery vol. I]. 1890 Pall Mall G. 16 May 4/2 
Leaders. .have to be extunded sometimes in. . haste. 

+ Exturb, v. Ods. [ad. L. exturb-are, f. ex- 
out + furdare to disturb, f. éerba tumult.) ¢rams. 
To hustle out, get rid of. 

1615 Sir G. Buck 37d Univ. of Eng xii. in Stow's Chron, 
971/2 All these noble Tenantes and occupants were thus 
exturbed, dead, and gon. | 1603 Sir C. Hrypon Fad. 
Astrol, xi. 241 That one point of exturbing Esau, and of 
his inheritance set aside. 

+ Exty’pal, a. Ods. Variant of Ecrypat. 

1678 Cupwortu /xtel/, Syst. 1. iii, 152 Two worlds—the 
one archetypal, the other extypal. 

Exuberance (egzibérans). [a. F. exudér- 
ance, ad. L. exiiberantia, n. of state f. exitberare: 
see EXUBERANT and -ANCE.] 

1. The quality or condition of being exuberant ; 


| abundant productiveness; luxuriance of growth ; 


| pulses burst into the wild 


overflowing fullness (of joy, health, etc.). 

1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 192 Repress the common 
Exuberance of the leading and middle shoots. _ 1695 Woov- 
warp Nat, /1ist. Earth u. (1723) 118 The primitive Exu- 
berance of the Earth was lessen'd, 1823 Scott Quentin 
D. ii, A happy exuberance of animal spirits. 1827 Hare 
Guesses Ser. 11. (1873) 557 A sweet guileless child, playing 
in the exuberance of its happiness. 1882 A. W. ARD 
Dickens iii. 58 Nothing is wanting. .to attest the exuberance 
of its author's genius. : 

b. Copiousness or redundance of expression. 

1717 GaArtu tr. Ovid's Met. Pref., In his similes that 
exuberance is avoided. 1758 Jounson /dler No. 36 P 6 
The man of exuberance and copiousness. 1 Grote 
Greece (1862) III. xxix. 69 His exuberance astonishes us. 

+e. A fault or error of excess. Ods. 

1749 Fiecpinc 7om Yones wu. v, That the different ex- 
uberances of these gentlemen, would correct their different 
imperfections, 1756 Burke Vind. Nat, Soc. Ws. I. 30 
Allowing me in my exuberance one way, for my deficiencies 
in the other, . 

d. An extravagance, excessive outburst. 

1841 D'Israrii Amen. Lit, (1867) 619 His generous im- 
exuberances the reveries of 
astrology. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 121 The criticism 
on his own doctrine. .has..been idered..an b 
of the metaphysical imagination. 

2. An overflowing amount or quantity ; a super- 
abundance. 

_ 1638 W. R{awey] tr, Bacon's Life & Death 373 Fatnesse 
is..an Exuberance of Nourishment, above that which is 
voyded by Excrement. 1768 W. Gui Ess. Prints 90 
‘There is an exuberance of fancy in him. 1786 — Mts. & 
Lakes \. 137 An exuberance of water. 1868 E. P. Wricur 
Ocean World iii. 65 An exuberance of life of which no 
other portion of the globe could give us any idea. 

+b, ellift. An abundance of good things, 
plenty. Ods. 

1675 Cocker Morals 37 Exuberance is turn’d to Indigence. 
178% Jounson Rambler No. 105 ? 11 Many had great ex- 
uberance, and few confessed any want, _ 

+ 3. concr, An overflow ; a luxuriant outgrowth ; 
an excrescence, protuberance, Ods. 

1665 Sirk T. Hersert 7vav, (1677) 120 Sulphur, or other 
like exuberances of Nature. 1 2: CLAYTON Virginia in 
Phil, Trans. XL, 149 Punk..the inward Part of the 
E or Exub ¢ of an Oak. 1781 Jounson Lett, 
Mrs. Thrale 14 Apr., Kindness must ly the 
exuberance of content. 1825 WATERTON Wand.S. Amer.1.i. 
89 ie [the rocks] appear, .smooth, and their exw 
rounded off. 


dundancy of holy ory. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 1 
Cc iq contrived «to BT) the’ exiberancy’ 
over-grown Breasts. @1722 Liste Husbd. (1752 

ats juice wilmale it knotty and sy” 364g 
M. Violet xvii, The exuberancy of spirit .. 
me. 


exu 
Marryar 
+2. =EXuBERANCE 2. Ods. 


Exuberant (egzii‘bérant), a. [ad. L. exa- 
berant-em, pr. pple. of exiberare, f, ex- (see Ex- 
pref) + iiberare to be fruitful, f. mer fertile, con- 
nected with wer udder. Cf, F. exubérant.] 

1. Luxuriantly fertile or prolific; abundantly 
productive, Also fig. 

1645 Evetyn Diary 29 Jan., Vines..so exuberant that. . 
one vine will loade 5 mules with its grapes. 1728 MorGAn 
Algiers 11. v. 313 A paltry Recompense for the exuberant 
Rhodes. pad, Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 1. 12 The Earth 
has been so exuberant in the Production of this Metal. 
1788 W. Gitpin Ess. Prints 163 His fancy is exceedingly 
fruitful .. It is indeed too exub Bs E Lett. 
& Soc. Aims, Poet. & Imag. Wks. ( n) III. 168 We 
know Nature, and figure her exuberant..in her fertility. 
1871 Rossetti Fenny Poems 109 Love's exuberant hotbed. 

2. Growing luxuriantly ; produced in superabun- 
dance or excess, 

1313 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 607 A pure perfyte plante 
.. Merveylous by growynge.. with dyuers proprytes, of 
grace exuberaunt. 1 veLYN Kal. Hort., August (1679) 
22 Cleanse your vines from exuberant branches. res le 
Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 111. 583 Both .. 
may perish with hunger in the midst of our exuberant 
crops. 1848 PricHarp Nat. Hist. Man 99 bye 
an exuberant growth of hair. a 1862 Buckie Civilis. (1869 
III. i. 9 An exuberant and therefore a restless popula- 
tion. 

“] Misused for ‘ superfluous’. 

1667 Warernouse Fire Lond. 157 An Exuberant Servant 
.-is better y seek than a Charity to one of these. 

3. Of a fountain, stream, etc. : Overflowing. [Cf. 
Virg. En. vil. 465 exuberat amnis.] 

1678 Cunwortn /ntell. Syst. 595 He as it were an Ex- 
uberant Fountain, this as a Stream derived from him. 1686 
Goan Celest. Bodies 1, xvi. 105 Even the Sextile .. is found 
at times to usher in exuberant Flouds. 1876 Bracke Songs 
Relig. & Life 18 Life's exuberant sea. Y 

4. fig. a. Of affections, joyous emotions, bene- 
ficence, vitality, health, or their manifestations ; 


Overflowing, abounding. 

1648 BovLe Seraph. Love xi, Such exuberant as 
may justly ravish us to an rir A Spect. 
No. 169 P 8 Such an exuberant Love to Mankind. 


Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 616 An exuberant health without 
any judgment to guide it, will never make either a happy or 
auseful man, 1828 Macautay /adlam Ess. 1854 I. 59 An 
age of exuberant zeal. — Crimea (i876) - vie 
85 The English in their exu t strength. ‘ 

b. Of persons, their actions or expressions : 
Effusive in display of feeling. Now more usually, 
Abounding in health and spirits, overflowing with 
delight. 

1503 Hawes L.xamp. Virt. vii. 131, 1 vnto you must be 
well exuberaunt. 1753 Jounson Adventurer No. 58 P 3 
Exuberant praise bestowed by hag 1815 W. H. Iketanp 
Scribbleomania 48 He has ..exuberant in his enco- 
miums u individuals. | 1863 Miss Brappon ping A 


a 


Vict. i, an a 
Mrs. Carryte Lett, IIL. 323 An exuberant letter from 
Charles Kingsley. Hevrs Soc. Press. xxv. 395 After 


exuberant demonstrations to me, . f 

¢. Of diction or composition ; Copious, diffuse, 
lavish in ornament. 

1654 Futter Ephemeris Pref. 6 Here may they observe 
apines suck excetan., apne Pore diina toglciee i wis 
t. PE i. , PhS 
copious exuberant. 1715 Po! of Ci ‘ 
‘clamations 


Similes have been thought too exuberant, and full 
stances. 1863 Gro. Eviot Romola ut. xxxviii, Ex 
of joy and wailing, mingled with exuberant narrative. 
d. Of wealth or stores: Overflowing, abundant. 


Of expenditure or display: Lavish, profuse. 

1686 Goap Celest. Bodies . iv. Our Collections are 
more exuberant than Stow’s. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 
ror P 4 My fortune being no means exuberant. 1 
Burxe Regic. Peace Wks. 1842 II. j4o,the exuberant 
play tien 3 in our Shops. woe 4ECKY Europ. Mor. UU. 
1. 99 The 

Exuberantly (egzii‘bérintli), adv. [f. prec. 
+-LY%.] In an exuberant manner or degree ; 
over-plentifully; with exuberance of 
feeling, or ; with exuberant de! 

See 

le 3 . Earth vide 
cots san vech oem beset with ‘Trees ten J 


oped View ae It. (1790) 1. isi 

this town to Terni is exuberantly 

Ess. 1. vii. 32 Those simple delights. . which the poets have. . 
Bes, 1. vi. timo cruterantly lescsibed | sea Brkow Lét, 


EXUBERANTNESS. 


to Moore 8 Mar., It will make the man, .exuberantly happy. 
a 1853 Rosertson Seri, Ser. 1v. xxii. (1876) 265 Joy seems 
to be felt more exuberantly by men who have sinned much. 
1883 Scotsman 12 May 8/5 The alliance. .into which he and 
Principal Cairns entered so exuberantly. 


Exuberantness (egzi7‘bérantnés), [f. as prec. 
+-NESS.] The state of being exuberant. 
1727-36 in Battey. 1775 in Asn. 


+Exw'berate, a. Ods. [ad. L. exiiberat-us, 
pa. pple. of exiberare; see EXUBERANT.] Over- 
flowing, superabundant. 

1638 ‘I’. WuitakerR Blood of Grape 17 The exuberate singu- 
larity in Merchants of all nations. 

Exuberate (egzibéreit), v. 5 pa. pple. exu- 
berate. [f. L. exzberat- ppl. stem of exiiberare: 
see EXUBERANT.] ; 

1. intr. To be exuberant ; to abound, overflow. 

1623 Cockeram, Exuberate, to abound. 1648 Boye 
Seraph, Love (1660) 59 That vast confl and i ity 
that exuberates in God. 1656 [J. Serjeant] tr. 7. White's 
Peripatet. Instit. 420 Trees are thrown by Timber-men 
into water, least their native moisture should exuberate 
into rottennesse. @1672 Woop Life (1848) 36 Such 
tow’ring ebullitions do not exuberate in my Aganippe. 
1838-9 Hatiam Hist. Lit, IV. vii. 1v. § 51. 328 Scarron was 
endowed with vast gaiety, which generally exuberated in 
buffoon jests, 185x THackeray Lng. Hum. (1853) 159 One 
whose. .breast exuberated with human kindness, 

b. Zo exuberate into: to pass by exuberance of 
growth, develop zzto. To exuberate in: to in- 
dulge in with exuberant feeling. 

1716 M. Davies A then. Brit, II. Dissert. Drama 2 Two 
of its [sc. Ch, of England’s] considerable Members exuberat- 
ing into that of Comprehenders. 178r JoHNsoN 20 Apr. in 
Boswell, He might have exuberated into an atheist. 1887 
M. B. Epwarps Next of Kin I. v, She exuberated in the 
delicious. .sense of romance. 

+2. trans. In Alchemy: ?To render fruitful 
(mercury, the alkahest), [Cf. class, L. exitberiare 
to make fruitful.] 

1471 Rierey Comp. Alch. Pref. in Ashm. (1652) 126 Our 
Menstrue by labour exuberate. 1654 AsuMmoLe Chym. Col- 
dect. 77 That Earth so mingled with Menstruous Matter, is 
called Argent vive, Exuberated, which gather speedily, and 
while it is new. 1671 J. WesstER Metadlogr. xii. 196 ‘Those 
that know this will dismiss common Mercury from creating 
the Stone, or exuberating its humidity. 

Exuberation (egzi#:bérzi‘fon). rare—. [ad. 
L. extiberation-em, n. of state f. exiiberare: see 
ExvuBERANT.] Exuberance of spirits ; excitement. 

1889 B. Wuitsy Awak. M. Fenwick 1, x. 240 The men’s 
exuberation escaped them in shouts. .and peals of laughter. 

+ Exw'berous, @. Obs. rare. [f. EXUBER-ANT 
+-0US.] = EXUBERANT. 

1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Gilpin 361 To set forth Th’ 
exuberous praises of brave Gilpin’s worth 

Exuccous, -ction, obs. ff. Exsuccous, -Suction. 


Exucontian (eksivkgntian). Zcc/. Also 9 
exouc-, exukontian, [f. Eccl. Gr. é¢ouxdv7i-os 
(f. € out of + od« not + dv7-wv, gen. pl. of pr. pple. 
of eivat to be) +-AN.] (See quots.) 

1844 tr. Socrates’ Eccl. Hist. u. xlv. 230 They [Arians] 
were also termed..Exucontians by those at Antioch who 
embraced the orthodox faith. 1875 Encycl. Brit. 11. 537 
[Arius said] ‘ He is of a substance that once was not (é¢ ov« 
ovtwv)’—hence the name of Exoucontians sometimes given 
to his followers. 1877 P. Smit in Dict. Chr. Biog. s. v. 
Arianism, The Arians were also called Exukontians. 


Exudate (eksisdeit), sd. vare—'. [ad. L. ex- 
(s)tidat-um (that which is) exudated; neut. pa. 
pple. (see next).] An exuded substance. 


1876 BartHoLow Mat, Med. (1879) 61 Covered with lymph, 
or some exudate of a whitish color. 

+E-xudate, v. Obs. [f. L. ex(s)idat- ppl. 
stem of ex(s)i#dare to EXuDE.] 

1. intr. =ExuDE 1. 

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. m1. iv. 113 Perforations. . 
through which the humor..doth exudate. _ 1757 A. Coorer 
Distiller im. \xiv. (1760) 261 A vegetable Juice, which. .exu- 
dated from their Roots. 

2. trans, =EXUDE 2. 

1671 Phil. Trans. V1. 2125 A Pole of Ivy did of it self 
exudate and shew a liquid and yellowish rosin from the 
bark. 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. I. 524 A soft rock, through 
the pores of which, the moisture is slowly exudated. 

Exudation (eksizdéi‘fan). Also 7-8 exsu- 
dation. [ad. late L, ex(s)#dation-em, n. of action 
f. ex(s)idare to ExuDE.] 

1. The process of exuding; the giving off or 
oozing out (of moisture) in the manner of sweat. 

1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 95 In these wounds 
«appear exudations of clammy humours. 1668 Phil. Trans. 
III. 855 A purer sort of Opium, taken from the Husks of 
A mg Lana, Fame! after some time of exsudation and 
insolation. 1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. 64 foot-n., An Ex- 
sudation. .of some petrifying Juices out of the rocky Earth. 
1794 G. Avams Nat. §& Exp, Philos. Il. xiii. 15 Any 
exudation of the wine through the pores of the bottles. 
1862 G. P. Scrore Volcanos (ed. 2) 37 The vapour it once 
contained escaped. . by exudation through extremely minute 

res, 1866 Tate Brit, Mollusks iv. 88 The Testacella 
form a kind of cocoon in the ground by the exudation of 
mucus. 

attrib, 1845-6 G.E, Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. 11. 499 
Exudation-corpuscles. 1852-9 Topp Cycl, Anat. IV. 119/2 
Exudation-Products exhibtt themselves in the form of Com- 
pound-granule corpuscles, 1882 Geikir J7ext-bh, Geol, ue 
IL, § 3. 90 ‘ Segregation’ or ‘exudation ’ veins. 


479 


Q b. Incorrectly : Percolation, trickling through; 
? slow and gradual overflow. Cf. ExuDE 1 b. 

1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 302 The least exudation of 
moisture down into the rooms, 1856 Kang Arct. Expl, 1. 
Notes 460 Looking upon the glaciers of Greenland as canals 
of exudation. 

2. concr. Something which is exuded. 

1626 Bacon Sylva § 4 Rock Rubies are the fine Exudations 
of Stone. 1744 BerKELEy S777s § 11 Resinous exsudations 
of pines and firs. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 391 
Calomel should not be used..where the exudation is serous. 
Jig. 1883 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 197 Malice is a natural exuda- 
tion in every mind. 

Exudative (eksiz-détiv),a.andsd. [f. L. type 
*ex(s)idativ-us, f. exsiida-re ; see EXUDE and -IVE.] 

A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by 
exudation. 

1859 Topp Cyc/. Anat. V. 617/2 The exudative process 
having extended from the uterus to the [Fallopian] tube. 
1869 J. S. WeLts Dis. Eye viii. § 6. 348 There are generally 
no exudative or degenerative changes of the retina. 1876 
Duurinc Dis. Skin 140 Exudative diseases. 

B. sb. ‘That which is the product of exudation 
or which has been exuded’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). 
ge Waastarre Med, Voc. 

+ Exudatory, @. and sb. Obs. rare. Also 8 
exsudatory. [f. L. type ex(s)adatori-us, f. ex- 
(s)adare : see EXuDE and -ory.] 

A. adj. Characterized by exudation. 

1782 Marsnatt in Phil. Trans. LX XIII. 221 While they 

were in the exsudatory state above described. 
B. sé. A means of exuding. 

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. v. 16 Urine and teares are 
the great exudatories of sorrow. 

Exude (eksid),v. [ad. L. ex(s)id-are, f. ex- 
out + sédare to sweat.] 

1. intr. To ooze out like sweat; to pass offin bead- 
like drops through the pores, an incision, or orifice. 

1574 Newton Health Mag.8 The matter, which did exude 
and come out .. from the skin. 173r ArBuTHNOoT Adiments 
vy. (1735) 145 The green Leaves of ‘Tea contain a narcotick 
Juice, which exudes by Roasting. 1774 PENNanr Zon 
Scot. in 1772, 263 A yellow Stalagmitic Matter has exuded. 
1849 Murcuison S//uria xii. 305 Stone-oil which exudes 
from the crust of the earth. 1882 Vines Sacis’ Bot. 532 
Gun, which exudes from incisions in thick viscid drops. 

“| b. Occas. misused for; To escape as vapour; 
? to overflow slowly. 

1837 Disraeut Venetia 1. xiv. (1871) 69 A savoury steam 
exuded from the flesh-pot. 1853 KANE Grinnell Exp. xxxvii. 
(1856) 344 The crushed fragments exuding and. .rolling down 
toward the level ice. 

2. trans. To sweat out or give off like sweat ; to 
discharge through the pores or an incision. 

17.. in JoHNson, 1822 Imison Sc. 6 Art 11. 345 It..is like 
milk when exuded from the tree. 1830 J. G. Strut? Sylva 
Brit, 97 The Poplar. .exudes the moisture which it imbibes. 
1869 tr. Pouchet’s Universe (1871) 92 The bee exudes the 
softening wax from one region of its body. 

absol, 1881 BLACKMORE Christowel/ iii, The cool bowl [of 
a pipe] shines without exuding. 

Jig. 1874 Liste Carr Fud. Gwynne 1. i. 33 The stolid 
farmer fairly exuded pleasure at every pore. 1882 B. Harte 
Filip ii, He moved onward silently exuding admiration. 

Hence Exu'ded /f/. a. Exu'ding v0/. si. and 
Ppl. a. 

1849 CLarincE Cold Water Cure 97 The exuding of this 
ointment lasted about eight days. 1875 B, W. Richarpson 
Dis. Mod, Life 16 The exuded fluid is..a product of the 
blood. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 513 The pollen-grains. .are 
retained by an exuding drop of fluid. 

Exudence (eksizdéns), vare—*. [Incorrectly 
for *exudance, f. EXUDE +-ANCE.] The process of 
exuding. 

1874 Man. Gunnery H. M. Fleet 196 There is much 
greater tendency to the exudence of nitro-glycerine from it. 

ate, -ation, var. ff. EXSUFFLATE, -ATION. 

+Evxul, 5. Obs. [a. L. ex(s)ul, f. ex- out + 
root sa/- to go (cf. salire to leap).] A banished 
person; = EXILE sd.2 

1566 Gascoicne & Kinwecmarsu Jocasta in Chila’s Four 
Old ~_ (1848) 140 Eteocles should sway the kingly mace, 
And Polynice as exul should departe. 1595 SPENSER Cod. 
Clout 896 They shall..as Exuls out of his court be thrust. 
1600 Hottanp Livy u. xix. 56 The regiment of Romane 
exuls. 1640 G. Sanpys Christ’s Passion m1. (1649) 29 You 
Legions of Heavens Exuls. 

+ yV Obs. rare—', [ad. L. ex(s\ul-dre : 
see EXULATE v.] trans. =EXILE 2. 

1500-20 Dunsar None may Assure viii, Treuth stands 
barrit at the dure, And exulit is of the toun. 

+Evxulant, @. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. ex(s)u- 
lantem, pr. pple. of ex(s)uldre: see EXULATE v.] 
Living in exile. 

1636 Braruwair Lives Rom. Emp. 260 Tustinian..who 
was now exulant in Cersonia. se 

+ Evxulate, sd. Olds. [ad. L. ex(s)elat-us, pa. 
pple. of ex(s)u/-dre: see next.] = EXxitx sb.2 

31470 Harpinc Chron. clxxxviii. iv, The lordes fled.. as 
exulates, 1557 Paynet Barclay’s F¥ugurth 12 Wo is me 
miserable exulate. 1647-9 G, Daniet Poents Wks. (Grosart) 
II. 127 His Maister, (long an Exulate) come in, 0 claime 


his proper Right, 
+ E-xulate, v. Obs. rare. With pa. pple. 6 
exulat. [f. L. ex(s)u/at- ppl. stem of ex(s)ul-adre 


to be in exile, in late L, also transitive.] a, trams. 
To banish, exile. b, 7z¢r. To go into exile; to 
be in exile. 


EXULCERATIVE, 


1535 STEwArT Cron. Scot. 11.18 Mony Scot .. That exulat 
wer out of Albione. 1640 Howet1 Dodona’s Gr. 203 Both 
exulating from their owne patrimoniall Territories. 

xula‘tion. O%s. vare—'. Also 6 -oun, 
[ad. L, ex(s)elition-em, n. of action f. ex(selhire : 
see EXULATE v.] Banishment, exile. 

1535 STEWART Cron. Scot, (1858) I. gt In the'tyme of his 
exulatioun The lordis maid gude reparatioun. 

+ Exu'leer, v. Ols. rave’. In 6 exulcere. 
[ad. F. exuleére-r, ad. L. exulcera-re to EXvuicr- 
RATE.] trans. = EXULCERATE v. 1. 

1541 R. Corpiann Galyen's Terap. 2 A iij b, Corrupte blode 
.. maketh erosion and exulcere[th] the body. 

+ Exu'leerate, a. Obs. [ad. L. exulcerat-us, 
pa. pple. of exalcerd-re: see next.] 

= EXULCERATED I. 

1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde p. 1 As yf intestinum 
rectum be exulcerat. 1601 HoLtanp Pliny II, 168 ‘The said 
green figs..doe cure the wens or exulcerat bunches. 1683 
Satmon Doron Med. 1.310 The cure of exulcerate Erysipelas. 

2. fig. Fretted as by an ulcer; vexed; also 
diseased, disordered. Cf. EXULCERATED 2. 

¢ 1592 Bacon Odserv. Libel Wks, 1862 VIII. 192 Finding 
the king’s mind so exulcerate, as he rejected all counsel. 
1609 Hottanp Amm. Marceil, xv. v. 38 Vrsicinus, alreadie 
exulcerate and carrying rancour in his heart. 1659 Rusnw. 
Hist. Coll. 1. 56 In this exulcerate business, so much mode- 
ration .. hath shined forth in the King of Great Britain. 
1684 H. More Ausw. Remarks Exp. Apocal, 125 Their 
exulcerate rage at the Rising of the Witnesses. 

Exulcerate (egzvlséreit), v. arch. [f. L. 
exulcerat- ppl. stem of exulcerare, f. ex- intensive 
+ alcerare to ULCERATE.] 

+1. érans. To cause ulcers in; to ulcerate. 

1533 Exyot Cast, Helthe w. ii. (1541) 78b, Yf the reume 
be sharp.. it doth exulcerate the lunges. 1650 Husperr 
Pill Formatity 13 Wounds and sores. .will secretly exulce- 
rate the flesh. 1732 ArsuTHNOT Xzles of Diet 392 The 
stagnating Serum. .exulcerates and putrifies the Bowels. 

absol. 1607 WALKINGTON Off, Glass 63 Bitter and salt 
phleume..doth exulcerate. 1683 Satmon Doron Med. 1. 37 
‘They exulcerate, cause Fevers, 

2. fig. To fret as with an ulcer; to exasperate, 
irritate; to aggravate (a disease, sorrow). 

1594 Hooker “ccd. Pol. 11. go It is not easie to speake to 
the contentation of mindes exulcerated in themselues. 1638 
Cuitutnow. Relig. Prot. 1. v. § 64. 280 Professe this I cannot, 
but I must lye perpetually and exulcerate my conscience. 
1653 Manton Lf. Yames i. 16 [This] doth but prejudice 
men's minds, and exulcerate them against our testimony. 

absol, 1671 Mitton Sanson 633 Thoughts my tormentors 
.. Exasperate, exulcerate, and raise Dire inflammation. 
1842 Sir H. Tavior Ldwix the Fair. ii, Detraction that 
exulcerates. 

+3. zutr. To break out into ulcers or sores. Ods. 

1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 101 The cholericke humor.. 
exulcerateth. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bh. Physicke 
49/1 ‘The Eyes exulcerate, or are inflamed. 1659 Lady 
Alimony v. vi. in Hazl. Dodsley XIV. 362 With balms to 
close the skin, And leave the wound t’ exulcerate within. 

Exulcerated (egzw'lséreitéd), pf’. a. [f. as 
prec. + -ED1,] 

+1. Affected with an ulcer, blistered, ulcerated. 

1576 Baker Fewell of Health 58b, This water .. healeth 
the bowels exulcerated and hurt. 1642 Futter Holy 6 
Prof. St.11.iv. 60 Purulent spittle argues exulcerated lungs. 
1663 Boyte Nat. Phil. I. ww. i. 121 The exulcerated tu- 
mours of one sick of the king’s-evil. ae 

2. fig. Fretted as by an ulcer; festered, irritated, 
embittered, exasperated. 

1640 Br. ReyNotps Passious xxvi. 273 Exulcerated, and 
seditious spirits. 1667 H. More Div. Deal, wv. xxxvii. (1713) 
304 That exulcerated Malice .. of those marked Servants 
of the Beast. @x703 Burkitt On V. 7, Rom. ix, Pref., 
An exulcerated prejudice against them. 

+ Exuleerating, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 1] 
That exulcerates: /2t. and fig. 

1599 Broughton’s Lett. v. 16 He..may pleade for him- 
selfe..as Iob against his exulcerating comforters. 1611 
Corer., Mielanacardin, a venomous and exulcerating oyle. 
1702 Sir J. Foyer in Phil. Trans. XXIII. 1172 The Me- 
dulla is hot and exulcerating.  _ 

Exulceration (egzz:lséréi‘fon).  [ad. L. eaz/- 
ceration-em, n. of action f. exulcerare: see EXUL- 
CERATE. Cf. F, exulcération.] 

1. Ulceration. Also, ‘the early stage or com- 


mencement of ulceration’ (Mayne Ex. Lex.). 

1533 Exyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 56 b, Inflamation or exulce- 
ration in the guttes or bladder. oe & Satmon Syx. Med. 
1. xlviii. 113 A Disease which causeth scratching without 
Exulceration of the Skin. 1748 tr. Vegetins’ Distemp. 
Horses 17 The Sharpness of the Exulceration is mitigated. 
1889 in Wacstarre Med. Voc. , 

b. jig. Embittered condition; exasperation. 

1594 Hooker Zcc?, Pol. u. v. (1611) 65 Which exulceration 
of minde made him apt to take all occasions of contradiction. 
1680 H. More Afocal. Afoc. 110 Rage and exulceration of 
spirit against the risen witnesses. 

2. concr. An ulcerated place ; a sore. 

1gsx Turner /Yerdai (1568) K iij a, The whyche pulse.. 
hurte the sores and exulcerations, 1 Satmon Lond. 
Disp. 167 It. .heals exulcerations, cools the heat of burning 
Ulcers. 1861 Bumsteap Ven, Dis. (1879) 355 Herpetic 
exulcerations, or other sqlutions of continuity. 

+ Exu'leerative, a. Obs. rave—!, [a. F. 
exulceratif, -tve, {, L. exulcerat- ppl. stem of ex- 
ulcerare: see EXULCERATE and- IVE.] Tending or 
of a nature to produce ulcers. 

160r Hottanp P/iny I. 149 The leaues and branches be 
exulceratiue, and wil raise blisters vpon the body. 


EXULCERATORY. 


Exulceratory (egzv'lsérita:ri), a. [f.L. type | 


exulceratorius, £, exulcerdre: see EXULCERATE and 
-orY.] Tending to produce ulcers. 

1727-36 in Baitey; and in mod. Dicts. 

Exult (egzv'lt), v. Also 6 exulte. fad. F. 
exulte-r, ad. L. ex(s\ulta-re, freq. of exsilire to 
—s f. ex- out + salire to leap. 

+1. intr. To spring or leap up; to leap for 
joy. Obs, 

1570 in Levins Manip. 187 To Exulte, exultare. c16x% 
Cuarman //iad xi. 28 The whales exulted under him. 1652 
nee Yorksh. Spa iii. 36 A Fountain. .doth at _ — 
of a pipe rejoycingly exult and leapup. 1715-20 Pore //ia 
xu. 47 The sea. 5 tag and Searle monarch of the main, 
1727 Batey vol. II, Z-xu/ted, leaped and skipped for Joy. 

2. To rejoice exceedingly, be elated or glad; to 
triumph. Const. 7 (at, on, over), and inf. 

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pod. 1. ix. (1611) 24 Nature exulting.. 
in certaine hope of reward. 1601 SHaxs. 7wed. N. . v. 8 
To, Wouldst thou not be glad?..aé. I would exult man. 
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 1. Ded., Who can .. not exult 
in being born a Briton? 180x Soutney Thalada u. xviii, 
Her soul Exulted. 1828 D'Israett Chas. /, Il. v. 126 
Every one seemed to exult at the happy change which a 
few on had effected. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. II. viii. 90 
We .. exult to think we need no catering for the morrow. 
1865 SwinsurNe Poems & Ballads, Satire to C. 50 As 
plague in a poisonous city Insults and exults on her dead. 

Exultance (egzz'ltans). [ad. late L. ex(s)/- 
tantia, f. ex(s)ultant-em: see -ANCE.] =next. 

1650 HowELt Masaniello 1, 47 He was received with 
extreme exultances of joy by all the people. 1674 Govt. 
Tongue ix. § 7 (1684) 151 We have great cause of exult- 
ance and joy. 17§§ in JoHNson. 1830 W. Puiturs M¢. 
Sinai i. 446 Again arose Exultance many-voiced. — 
Exultancy (egz'ltansi). [ad. L. ex(s)ultan- 
tia: see prec. and -ANCY.] Exultant state or con- 
dition ; an instance of the same ; exultation, glad- 
ness, transport, triumph. 

162t Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 11, Joys, comforts, exult- 
ancies. a1660 HamMonp Serm. viii. Wks. 1684 IV. 614 
Always upon terms of Spiritual exultancy. 1721-1800 in 
Baitey. 1847 Lp. Linpsay Chr. Art I. 109 Fiery and almost 
fierce in their exultancy. 1864 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. IV. 
x1. i. 3 A trace of airy exuberance, of natural exultancy. 

+ Exultand. Obs. rare—'. App. =Exv ter. 

1519 Churchw. Acc. St. Giles, Reading 6 A Pryk-song 
boke..wherein is conteyned iiij masses, lij kyries, tii allo- 
huies, and ij exultands. 

tant (egzv'ltint), @. [ad. L. ex(s\ul- 
tant-em, pr. pple. of ex(s\ultare: see Exvutt.] 
Exulting, triumphantly joyful. 

1653 H. More Conject. Cabbail. ii. 42 With such exultant 
sympathy and joy. a@1745 Broome On Death 136 The Sun 
..Starts exultant, and renews the day. 1844 Cath. Weekly 
Instruct. 127 The wild exultant cry. 1863 Geo. Exior 
Romola u, xxiv, The fierce exultant delight to which he 
was moved by the idea of perpetual vengeance. 

Hence Exu‘ltantly adv. 

1883 K. W. Hamitton in Harper's Mag. 846/2 Margaret’s 
heart swelled exultantly. 1885 Manch. Exam.7 Aug. 5/2 
It was exultantly proclaimed that the war with Afghanistan 
would only cost six millions. 

Exultation (egzzltz-fan). Also 5 -cion, 
-cioune. [ad. L. ex(s)au/tation-em, f. ex(s\ultares 
see Exutt. Cf. F. exz/tation (from 14th c.).] 

+1. The action of leaping or springing up. Ods. 

1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 225 With continuall 
great wagging of their bodies and exultation .. sometimes 
all springing up lightly from the ground. eae 

The action or state of exulting or rejoicing 
greatly; triumph, joyousness, rapturous delight ; an 
instance of the same. Also concr. an object ex- 
ulted over. 

c1425 tr. 7. a Kempis’ Consol, u. xii, Hov gret exulta- 
cion to all be seintes of heven. 1594 Hooker Ecc/. Pol. 
1, xi. (1611) 36 With hidden exultation. 1716 Appison Free- 
holder No. 49 ® 1 To swell their Hearts with inward Trans- 
ports of Joy and Exultation. 1771 Ess. Batchelor 
(1773) i, O F—d, thou genius of the age, Hibernia’s exulta- 
tion! 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. 515 Amidst the exulta- 
tion of the Court over the decision of the judges. 

b. f/. Shouts of joy, joyful utterances. 

1597 Hooker E£cc?. Pol. v. § 39 (1662) 191 Heavenly Ac- 
clamations, Exultations, 177 5. Bryant Mythol. 1. 225 
Hymns, and exultations and other uncommon noises, 

+ Exul'tative, z. Ods. rare. [f. Exour + 
-ATIVE.] Inclined or ready to exult ; exultant. 

2axgoo Clariodus (1830) 103 Sad hevie myndis to make 
exultative, A 

|| Exultet (egzu'ltet). [L.] The ancient hymn 
beginning Exu/tet — angelica turba celorum,sung 
in the Roman Church at the benediction of the 
paschal candle on Easter-eve ; a musical setting of 
this hymn. 

[x519: see Exuttanp.] 1869 Rock Ch. Our Fathers 1. 
212 [An illumination representing] the deacon singing the 
Exuitet in the ‘ambo’, 1884 Cath. Dict. 406, s. v. Holy 
Week, The use of the paschal candle goes back..as far at 
least as the time of Zosimus, who was made Pope in 417, 
and the sublime words of the ‘ Exultet’..can scarcely be 
less ancient. 1 Wb If E 

Exulting (egz'ltin), vd/. sd. [f. Exunr + 
-Incl,] The fo of the vb. ExuLt ; exultation. 

2744 ARAH FietpinG David Simple (ed, 2) 1. 85 Dinner 
~ .-in Exultings in the Happiness of possessing such a 

‘reature. o— L. Hunt Fancy Concert, The gong .. 
with exultings that — like disasters. 1875 BrowNninc 
Aristoph. Apol. 363 Hideous exultings. 


480 


Exu'l , Ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.] 

1. That ts; exultant, triumphantly Ft yee 

1757 Dyer Fleece wv. od ‘Th’ exulting muse then .. 
her renew. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 166 
it ofa the church 
J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. 1.1. i. 42 


estal 
Solon .. was asked by the exulting monarch who was the 
i of men. * . . ~ 
. nonce-use. Upspringing, towering, lofty. Cf 
EXutr 1. 

1798 Bioomrietp Farmer's Boy, Autumn 318 To climb 
the woodland hill’s exulting brow. : 

Hence Exu'ltingly adv., in an exulting manner. 

1661 Boye a of Script. (1675) 244 They exultingly 
told the woman, Now we believe, etc. Apair Amer. 
Ind. 296 The savage .. returned exultingly to his country- 
men. 1 Hoop Drinking S. ii, Let t of grape. 
juice exultingly vapour. es Miclnes ist. Eng. 1V. 
203 In London it was announced exultingly that [etc. 

+ Exu'ltive, 2. Ods. [f. Exutr v. + -1vE.] 
Inclined to exult; given up to exultation. 

? a 1500 Clariodus (1830) 192 He than was in joy sa exultive, 
That of him self almaist he wist no thing. ; 

Exultre, obs. form of AXLE-TREE. 

1475 in Child Eng. & Sc. Ball. v. cxvii. (1888) 90/2 Late vs 
cast the exultre. 

Exululate (eksi/lileit), v. rare. [f. L. ex- 
ululat- ppl. stem of exululare, f. ex- out + ululire 
to howl (cf. #/u/a screech-owl).] utr. To howl 
or cry out. 

1623-6 in CockEerAM. 1866 J. B. Rosetr. Ovid's Fasti iw. 
205 With noisiest clamour they exululate. 

Hence Exulula‘tion. 

I Baiey vol. II, 2ndudation a Shrieking or crying 
Gat ike N. & Q. Ser. 1. VI. 178 The fiendish exultation 
(exululation ?) wherewith the Dublin demagogues wolved it 
about the city. 

+ Exumbilica‘tion. [f. L. ex- 


dissolution 


Obs. rare. 


| out + umébzrlic-us the navel+-AaTION.] The starting 

| out of the navel. 

iiss 7 in Puitups (ed. Kersey). 1721-1800 in Bartey. 1823 
R. 


ABB Technol. Dict. 


+Exu'ndance. Ods. [ad. L. exundantia, f. 


| exundant-em: see EXUNDANT and -ANCE.] The 


fact of flowing forth in waves; an overflow. 

ay H. Binninc Com. Prin. Chr. Relig. Wks. 1839 1 
156 The infinite excess of perfection and exundance of self- 
being. 1660 H. More Myst. God. vu. x. 323 Those paren- 
thetical exundances of weighty sense and matter. : 

+ Exundancy. 0és. [ad. L. exundantia: see 
prec. and -ancy.] An overflowing; =prec. 

1686 Goan Celest. Bodies i. vii. 249 Which doth ferment, 
rarifie, and raise the Waters toan Exundancy. 1692 Brver- 
Ley Disc. Dr. Crisp 10 How great Exundancies of Expres- 
sion are found. 

Exundant (eksyndant), a. [ad. L. exund- 
ant-em, pr. pple. of exundare, f. ex- out + undare 
to rise in waves, f. wda wave.] That flows forth 
in waves ; overflowing, superabundant. 

a1661 Hotypay Fuvenal 187 From their exundant wit 
their ruine sprung. 1856 SmytH Rom. Fam. Coins 96 
Exundant fertility of resource. ; 

+b. Path. Said of the pulse; in mod.L. exun- 
dans. 

1 Frover Physic. Pulse-Watch 1. 357 The intense 
Piles is. -exundant like a torrent. 

Exu'ndate (eksundeit), v. rare. 
dat- Pe stem of exundare: see prec. 
overflow 

1721-1800 in Bairey. 1844 Blackw, Mag. LV1. 210 The 
stream exundated on every side. 

Exundation (eksyndé':fon). Now rare. [ad. 
L. exundation-em, n. of action f. exundare: see 
ExunDant.] Overflow (of a body of water). 

1577 Howinsuep Chron. Il. 58 Great of Flanders 
being drowned by an exundation or breaking in of the sea. 
1679 PLor Staff 
[pool], and exundation of the latter. 1792 A. Gepves Bible, 
Gen, xlv. 6 note, The fertility of E; depends on the 
EGE exundations of the Nile, _ Fraser's Mag. 
_ _ 708 The issue of the waters, or exundation from 
the pond. 

+ Exungulate, v. Ods. [f. late L. exun- 
gulat- ppl. stem of exunguladre to lose the hoof, 
f. ex- out+ungula, dim. of unguis claw, nail.] 
trans. (See quots.) 

1623-6 Cockrram, E.xrungulate, to pare ones nailes. 1727- 

Bautey, Exungulate, to pull off the hoofs, also to cut off 
the white part from roseleaves. 1775 in Asn, and later Dicts. 

Hence +Exu'ngulated #//. a. +Exungula‘tion. 

1657 ‘Tomitnson Renon’s Disp. 530 It is made of two parts 
of the succe of exungated [s/c] Roses. /did, 652 Roses... 
reddish, and me exun, — 1730-6 — So 34 
ungudation, a pulling off the hoofs. 1742-1! fe a 
ungulation ( mr ists), the g off the white Part 
from the Leaves of Roses, 

Exuperable, -ate, etc.: see Exsu-. 

Exurge, -ence, -ent: see Exsu-. 


+ Meargency. Obs. rare. [f. L. exurgent-em, 

r. pple. of exurgére, f. ex- out + urgére to press, 

RGE: see -ENCY.] The quality of urging strongly; 
urgent force. 

1659 Owen Sern. xii. Wks. 1851 VIII, 462 The..exur- 
gency of their number and wisdom. 1668-84 — £.x/. Heb. 
oreo | I, 55 This authority. .consists partly, in an exurgency, 
or forcible influence of the holy matter. 

Exuscitate, -ation, var. of Exsuscrrarr, ete. 


f. L. exun- 
intr. To 


vdsh. (1686) 46 The rising of the former | 


EXUVIATION. 
Exu Obs. [ad. L. exust-us, pa 
FB fons tag toc t or el ane Pale, 


1657 Tomunson Renou's Disp. 205 This Rusma is.. 
lighter, blacker, ingly exust. 1684 tr. Bonet’'s 
Mere. Compit. m1. 61 Hot, exust and i 

i: noah v. Obs. rare. [f. L. exust- ppl. stem 
of exiirére, f. ex- out + dréve to burn.] trans, To 
burn up. Hence Exu'sted £//. a. 

1623-6 in Cockeram. 1833 New Monthly Mag. V1. 144 
= seeed vampyre Arnold Paul had strangled. .a number 


cattle. 

+ Exu'stible, ¢. Obs. rare. [f. prec. + -IBLE.] 

oo ee being burnt up. 
° . 2 Peter iii. 7 Do the: » th 
seatenr ane at anne nae ee resha 
+Exu'stion. Ods. [ad. L. exustiin-em, n. of 
action f, exiirére (see Exust). Cf. OF. exustion.] 
a. The action or process of burning or burning up 
(something). b. Heat attendant upon disease. 

a. 1610 Barroucn Meth. Physick v. xiii. (1634) 299 You 
must use some hote burning instrument .. After exustion, 
minister the juyce of Leekes and other such things as do 
drie. 165 Raleigh's Ghost 353 The generall exustion and 
burning of the world. x Spices Bibl, Biblica (Gen. 
xix. 25) I. 424 The frightful Effects which this Exustion [of 
Sodom pes rrah] Jeft are still remaining. 

b. 1657 Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 712 It allayes inflam- 
mations, ions and hot di 

Exu'te, fa. pple. Obs. [ad. L. exiit-us, pa. pple. 


of exuécre: see next.) Stripped. 
c1430 tr. 7. &@ Kempis’ Imit. u. iv, A man conuertyn 
bin ety to god, is exute & taken fro be body & choungel 


into a newe man. 

Exute (egzi#t),v. Ods. exc. Hist. [f. L. exit- 
ppl. stem of exuére to draw or pull off.) trans. 

o strip (a person) of; to divest or deprive of. 

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 182 The governing..In 
thair handis he did agane resing, And him exutet of office 
and cuir. 1669 R. B. Life 7. Morton 08 Exuted of his 
secretarie’s place. 1829 Soutuey in Q. Rev. XXXIX. 391 
[He] was de raded, exuted of all his preferments. 

Exuviability (egzi#:viabiliti). [ad. F. exu- 
viabilité, f. exuviable: see next and -1Ty.] The 
iy aed of being exuviable. In Dicts, explained 
as the — of casting off exuviz, 

184r Freminc & Tissins Dict. Franc.-Angl. U1. 441 
roa sprain -exuviability, the faculty of sloughing. 1847 
in Craic. 

Exuviable (egzi#-viib’l), a. [a. F. exuviadle, f. 
L, exuviw : see next and -aBLE.] Capable of being 
exuviated or sloughed off. 

1839 Topp Cycl, Anat, 11, 882/2 Odier .. found chitine 
in the exuviable skeleton of Crustacea. 

|| Exuviee (egzid-vij7). [a. L. exuvie garments 
stripped off, skins of animals, the spoils of an 
enemy, f. exuéve to divest oneself of.] Cast skins, 
shells, or coverings of animals ; any parts of ani- 
mals which are shed or cast off, whether recent or 
fossil. 

1670 Boyte Contn. New Exp. iv. Wks. 1772 IIL. 378 
They [insects] divested the habit they bed -. and appeared 
with their exuvia or cast coats u their feet. a@ 
Woopwarp Catal. For. Fossils . (1729) 21 in Nat. Hist. 
Fossils, They appear to be only the Skins or Exuvize [Arint- 
ed Exuvia], rather than entire Bodies of Fishes. 1796 
Morse Amer. Geog. I. * Fossils and other marine exuvia 
which are found imbedd on the tops of mountains. 1826 
Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IIL. xxxii. 290 The insect has 
quated the exuviz of the pupa. 1830 Lye.. Princ. Geol, 

. 23 Living animals..had formerly lived .. where their 
exuvia are now found. 1851 Richarpson Geol. (1855) 393 
Sea-weeds, my corals, shells, and the other marine 
exuviz found in the chalk. 

b. ¢ransf. and fig. 


early art. 

Exuvial (egzi#viil), a. and sd. [f. prec. + 
-AL.] A. adj. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, 
exuvize, In quots. ¢ransf. and fig. +B. sb. pl. 
Things stripped off ; spoils. 

1632 Trav. 1. 72 jesey, hae with the exuvials 
and Trophees of enemies. HACKERAY Catharine i, 
Ge eon cones serena aes 

man ers. . , 
Vhake Wks, (Bohn) t, seein the post's mind, the fact has 
lost all that is exuvial, 

Exuviate (egziz-vijeit), v. [fas prec. + -aTE.] 
a. intr. To cast off or shed exuvie. b. ¢rans. To 
Se ee oe Fiber al 

Fraser’: » LI. tu 
ine cease to pe: he 1880 Huxtay Crayfish | i. 37 The 
ro ere exuviate two or three times in the course of 


the first year. 
b. x Carpenter Microsc. §& Rev. (1891) Even 
when = E ny ined Ace full growth, 


they continue to exuviate their shell. 1871 Huxtey Anat. 
Vert. Anim, 9 So much of the allantois as lies ee Fy the 


walls Leder d D Cegelaicef ). ff 

Exuviation (egzi#vi)2:fon). prec. : 
-ATION.] The action or process of exuviating ; 
shedding (of antlers, skin, etc.). 


1839 Topp Cyci. Anat, 11. 882/2 The exuviation of the 


EXUVIOUS. 


skeleton of Crustacea. .is similar to that of insects. a@ 1852 
Macatttivray Wat, Hist. Dee Side (1855) 463 ‘The exuvia- 
tion..of the antlers..seems to connect these organs with 
those parts of the skin .. which are subject to this process. 
1852 Dana Crust. 1. 3 Numerous exuviae of Cirripeds were 
collected, proving that these animals undergo exuviation. 
_Jig. 1864 H. Spencer [llust. Univ. Progress 114 Society, 
in all its developements, undergoes the process of exuvia- 
tion. 1874 Draper Relig. § Sc. (ed. 3) 328 The most serious 
trial through which society can pass, is encountered in the 
exuviation of its religious restraints. 

+ Exu'vious, a. Ods. [f. as prec. + -ous.] 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, exuvize; effluent. 

1653 H. More Antid. Ath, m. xvi. (1712) 137 The Skir- 
mishings in the Air are from the exuvious Effluxes of 
things. 1678 Cupwortn /xfel/. Syst. 15 Insinuations of simu- 
lachra, or exuvious images of bodies. 

Ex-vaccine, a. nonce-wd. [f. Ex- pref.1+L. 
vacca cow +-INE.] Obtained from a cow. 

1804 Edin. Rev. 111. 340 Six of them [mice] embark upon 
a bit of dry cow dung, their provision in the middle of this 
ex-vaccine vessel. 

Ex-votive, «. [f. next+-IvE.] Pertaining to, 
or performed by, ex-voto offerings. 

1863 Mary Howirr /. Bremer’s Greece I. i. 14 Nitches in 
the rocks .. indicate the former places of ex-votive worship. 

|| Ex-voto (eks,vou'to). [f. L. phrase ex vdt, 
ex out of, vdtd abl. sing. of vdt-wm Vow.] An 
offering made in pursuance of a vow. 

1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales I. 213, I..perceived that 
they were ex voto’s made by the pious. .devotees of the rod 
in commemoration of their triumphs. 1880 Miss Birp 
Fapan \. 67 Ex votos of all kinds hang on the wall. 

Exzodiacal (eks)zodaiakal), a. [f. Ex- prefil 
+ Zopiac+-AL.] Of the minor planets: Having 
an orbit that passes out of the zodiac. 

1803 Sir W. Herscnet in Phil. Trans. XCIII. 340 
They should be called very small, and exzodiacal. 

Hy, obs. form of Ay. 

Ey, obs. form of Ecc. 

+ Ey‘a, zvt. Obs. rare—', [a. med.L. eva (L. 
éia) in same sense.] Indeed, surely. 

c1430 tr. 7. a Kempis’ Imit. m. vi, Eya, my lorde god, 
my holy louer, whan aA shalt come in to myn herte, all 
myn inwardes shal joy. : 

Byah, obs. spelling of Ayu, Indian nurse. 

| Byalet (eyalet). (Turk. wJLI eyaler, a. 

PERS aes ae 
Arab. ub zyalah (-at), noun of action f. Jl alto 
preside.] An administrative division of the Turkish 
empire ; now more commonly called VILAYET, q.v. 

1853 W. McLeop Aflas Scripture Geog. 52 This province 
is divided into four eyalets or pashalicks. 1889 Daily 
News 16 Oct. 5/6 Mossoul, in the eyalet of Bagdad. 

Eyas (eias). Forms: 5 eyes, 6-7 yas, 6-9 
eyess(e, 7 eyasse, (eyeass, iiaes), 7— eyas. 
[Altered form of NYAs, a. Fr. zéazs (= Pr. nzzazc, 
It. 2ddiace) :—L. *nid(2)ac-em, f. nidus nest. The 
dropping of initial 2 was due to an erroneous 
division of a nyas (cf. @ nadder s.v. ADDER); 
the spelling eyas was suggested by popular asso- 
ciation with ME. ey=Eae and eyry ; also with eve 
(see quots.).] 

1. A young hawk taken from the nest for the 
purpose of training, or one whose training is in- 
complete, 

1486 Bk. St. Albans B ij a, An hawke is calde an eyes of 
hir eyghen. 1575 Turserv. Bk. Falconrie 31 The firste 
name and terme that they bestowe on a falcon is an eyasse 
and this name dothe laste as long as she is in the eyrie. 
1629 MassinceEr Picture v. i, So ho, birds, how the eyasses 
scratch and scramble! 1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 236/2 
An eyesse is..a ye Hawk as long as she is in the Eyrie. 
1820 Scott Adéot iv, Is it thus you feed the eyas with 
unwashed meat? 1 Lowett Cathedr. Wks. (1879) 443 
As when, an eyas, he followed his high heart To swim on 
sunshine. 1875 ‘STONEHENGE’ Brit. Sports t.1Vv. i. § 6. 296 
This is very easy with the eyess or brancher, 

Jig. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. u. ii. 355 An ayrie of Children, 
hale Yases, that crye out on the top of question. a@ 1625 
FLetcuEer Woman's Prize 1. ii, Hang these tame-hearted 
Eyasses. 1890 Saintspury Hist. Elizabeth. Lit. xi. 426 
One of the little eyasses who competed with regular actors. 

2. attrib., as eyas-falcon, -hawk; in sense ‘ un- 
fledged, youthful’ as eyas-thoughts, -wings. Also 
eyas-musket (see MUSKET), used jocularly for a 
sprightly child. 

1596 SPENSER Hymns, Heavenly Love 24 Ere fiittin 
Time could wag his eyas wings. 1598 Suaks. Merry W. 
ul. iii. 22 How now my eyas-Musket what newes with you? 
1606 CHAapMAN Marlowe's Hero §& Leander w, To still 
their eyas thoughts with industry. 1616 Surrt. & Markx. 
Countrie Farme 708 The care of holding..your hawke.. 
may intice you to esteeme the Tiaes hawke. a 1653 G. 
DANIEL Tayi iv. 28 Our Eyeass Life Complaines vnpittied. 
1826 SrBRiGut Odserv. Hawking (1828) 26 Magpies may be 
flown with eyess slight falcons. 

dent, obs. var. of EIDENT. 
(0i), sd. Forms: 1 éaze, ése, (650, ésu, 
&ze), 2-4 e3e, 2-3 ezhe, 2-5 eize (3 ehe), 3-5 
eghe, 3-7 eie, 4 egze, ei, hei(e, he (worth.), 
4-5 ey3e, eyghe, eighe, y3e, ize, 4-7 ey, 5 egh, 
yghe, ighe, eyhe, ehe, yhe, ye, ie, ghe, 
hye, iey, 3ee, hee, izee, ieae), 5-6 e (north.), 
(eae, iee), 5— north. (and 9 Poet.) ee, 6 iye, yie 
(yey, ye, yae, eey, i,) 4-eye. Pi. a, I éazan, 
fesan (north. 650, 6su), 1-2 ésan, 2 eajen, 2-4 
Vou, III. 


481 


ejen 2-5 eijen, 3 eihen, e3en, ehjen, 
3-5 eghen, eien, 3-5 (7 arch.) eyn, 4 eyizen, 
eijyen, 3e3en, hegehen, eye, 4-5 ey3en, y3en, 
eyghen, eighen, izen, yen(e, ein, 4-6 (9 arch.) 


yen, 4-7 (9 arch.) eyne, 5 ighen, yeghen, 


yhen (eene, eyon, ygne), 5- north. and Sc. 
een, 6 iyen, ien, yien, (ain) Sc. ene, (6-7 eine, 
7 aine, 8-9 Sc.e’en). 8. 3 ezenen, ejene, ezhne, 
3-5 ehnen, ehne, 4 egghnen, ijene, ine, ewine, 
eiine, 5 eghene, enyn (hynon,enghne). y. 4 
eizes, 5 y3es, 6 iyes, yes, ies, yees, ayes, ees, 
6-7 eies, (7 eys) 6—eyes. Also with prosthetic 7, 
5 neghe, ney, 4-6 nie, nye, //. 5 nyen, -on, 
-non. [OE. éage, wk. neut., corresponding to 
OF ris. dge, OS. éga (MDu. éghe, Du. 00g), OHG. 
ouga (MHG. ouge, Ger. ange), ON. auga (Da. dze, 
Sw. éga), Goth. augo:—OTeut. *augon-. 

By most scholars referred to the OAryan root “og- to see, 
to which belong the synonymous words in all the other 
branches of the Aryan family exc. Celtic; but the anomalous 
representation of OAryan o by az instead of a presents 
difficulties ; for various hypotheses intended to account for 
it see Brugmann Grundriss I. 333, Kluge Etym. Wo. (ed. 5) 
s.v., Fick Verg?d. Wd. (ed. 4) 1. 371. Otherwise, no plausible 
affinities have been found for the ‘Teutonic word.] 

The original plural was in -a7, in ME -e7, whence north, 
dial. een, and archaic eye. In some forms of ME, a second 
inflexional -ex (reducible to -e) was added, making e3ezer, 
ezene, whence in sth c. exyz. Our first instance of the 
modern -s plural is @ 1375 e73es. 

I. 1. The organ of sight. 

a. in man and vertebrate animals. 

a7o0 Epinal Gloss. 1093 Vitiato oculo: unpyotogi ezan 
[a800 Erfurt Gloss. undyctzi egan]. ¢825 Vesp. Psalter 
xciii. 9 Se de hiowede ege ne scewad. cg50 Lindisf. Gosp. 
Luke xi. 34 Gif ezo din bid milde. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 
29 Gyf bin swydre eaze be eswicie ahola hit ut. c1175 Lamb. 
Hom. 23 Pes monnes e3an, and his fet, and his hondan. ¢ 1200 
Ormn 9393 3if batt tin e3he iss all unnhal. a@1300 Cursor 
M. 9361 (Cott.}, Als douues eie hir lok es suete. ¢1300 A. 
Alis. 1106 His egghnen out of his hed sterte. ¢ 1340 Cu7sor 
M. 3780 (Fairf.), In slepe a ladder him po3t he seyghe fra 
be firmament riz3t to his eyghe. ¢1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, 
Paudus 557 With fleshy ewine he na se mocht. ¢ 1380 CHavu- 
cERAMin. Poems, Merciles Beaute t Youre two eyn will sleme 
sodenly, I may the beaute of them not sustene. ¢ 1400 Row. 
Rose 1023 Hir nose, hir mouth, and eyhe..Wel wrought. 
01430 Bk. Hawking in Rel. Ant. 1. 299 Take a tame heron 
and drawe out the both eyon of her. 1486 Bk. St. Albans 
Bjb, The yolow be twene y’ Beeke & y® yeghen. 1513-75 
Diurn.Occurrents(BannatyneClub)179 Ane monstrous fische 
.. havand greit ene in the head thairof. @1529 SKELTON 
Poems agst. Garnesche 37 Your ien glyster as glasse, Row- 
lynge in your holow hede. 1586-7 Q. Exiz. in Four C. 
Eng. Lett, 31 Paine in one of my yees was only the cause, 
1608 CampDEN Rem. 125 Piercing the King of Scots through 
the eie, as Hector Boetius fableth. 1674 Brevint Saud at 
Endor 116 To set new Eies .. instead of those that were 
bored out. 1725 Watts Logic u. v. i. § 7 The Distance at 
which these Glasses are placed from the Eye. 1774 Gotpsm. 
Nat. Hist,(1776) IV. 192 The orbits of the eyes were deeper. 
1797 CoLeripce Sibyl, Leaves (1862) 226 A little sun, no 
bigger than youree. 1831 Brewster Offics xxxv. § 166. 
286 The human eye is of a spherical form with a slight 
projection in front. 1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. Ing. 1.v. 
182 The eye of an eagle is nearly as large as that of an 
elephant. — 1858 KincsLry Red King 37 His eyne were 
shotten, red as blood. 

b. Poet. attributed to heaven, the sun, etc. Zhe 
eye of day, of heaven =the sun; the eyes of heaven, 
of night =the stars. 

1590 SPENSER F. Q. 1. iii. 4 Her angels face, As the great 
eye of heaven, shyned bright. 1595 Suaks. Yohn m1. i. 79 

he glorious sunne. . Turning with splendor of his precious 
eye The meager cloddy earth to glittering gold. c1600— 
Sonn. xviii, Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines. 
1603 — Ham. u. ii.540 Would haue made milche the Burn- 
ingeyesof Heauen. 1738 WesLey Psalms cxlvii. 2 All ye 
sparkling Eyes of Night. 1820 Scott Monast. xx, The eye 
of day hath opened its lids. r 

¢e. with adjs. denoting the colour of the iris. 

1300 Poem vi. in Retrospective Rev. (1853) 1. 307 His 
hegehen war..grai. c 1314 Guy Warw. (Abbotsf. ed.) 7806 
He loked on be wib wrake Sternliche wip his ey3en blake. 
1432-50 tr. H/igden (Rolls) I. 145 That region hath peple 
with whyte heire, peyntede eien and 3elowe. 1500-20 Dun- 
BAR None may Assure x, Ene of amiable blyth asure. 1587 
Mascatt Govt. Cattle, Horses (1627) 167 The Fleabitten, 
with a thinne crest, hauing blacke eyne. x704 Pore 
Windsor For.351 He turn’d his azure eyes Where Windsor- 
domes and pompous turrets rise. 1815 Scotr Guy. J. 
xxxii, This young man .. was upwards of six feet high, had 
.. blue eyes. a@1852 Moore Fire Worshippers, 1 never 
nurs’d a dear gazelle, To glad me with its soft black eye. 

transf, 1843 James Forest Days (1847) 64 The blue eye of 
heaven had seldom been altogealior withdrawn, 

d. taken as including the eyelids, or the sur- 
rounding parts; the region of the eyes, See 
Brack EYE 2. 

c975 Rushw. Gosp. John ix. 6, & ahof dzt lam ofer egu 
his. cx1000 Sax. Leechd. 1, 108 Wip eagena sar .. zenim 
pysse ylcan wyrte seaw, & smyre a eagan permid. ¢ 1175 
Lamb. Hom. 12t Summe per weren bet his e3an bunden. 
ax2s0 Owl & Night. 426 He wolde pat he ise3e Teres 
in evrich monnes e3e. 1378 Barpour Bruce 1. 547 Hys 
Eyn with his hand closit he. cr Cuaucer Prol. 10 
Smale fowles maken melodie, That slepen al the night with 
open yhe. Bk. St. Albans Bija, An hauke that is 
broght vp vnder a Bussard .. hath wateri Eyghen. @r 
Lp. Berners Axon xlvii. 157 The pyrates .. bounde his 
handes .. and iyen. Hosses Odyssey xvi. 11 Kisses 
his head and hands, and both his eyne. 1751 SMOLLETT 
Per. Pic, U1. \xxvi, 306 These gummy eyes, lantern jaws, and 


EYE, 


toothless chaps. 1840 E. Howarp Yack Ashore III. ix, That 
kindly looking gentleman, that’s blushing up to the eyes. 

e. in invertebrate animals. Compound eye; see 
quot. and CompounD a, 2d. 

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 178 Each of these Pearls. .is 
a perfect eye. 1700 T. Brown tr. Fvesny’s Amusem. Ser. 
& Com. 87 Their Collections of Rarities exceeds that of John 
‘Tradusken for here are .. the Eyes of Oysters. 1841-71 T. 
R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 353 The individual eyes, 
or ocel/i, as we shall term them. 1878 Eucycl. Brit. vill. 
816/x The compound eye... consists essentially of a series 
of transparent cone-like bodies, arranged in a radiate manner 
against the inner surface of the cornea. /did., The eyes 
of many insects have a field of about halfasphere. 188z 
Ibid. XIII. 143/2 In the larval state the eyes [of insects] 
are ordinarily simple, and each eye is usually a congrega- 
tion of separate eye-spots. 

2. Phrases. (For those relating to the function 
of the eyes, etc. see 3-6). a. Mind (+ beware) 
your eye (now vulgar): look to the safety of your 
eye; fig. be careful. One might put a thing in 
one’s eye (and see never the worse): indicating the 
insignificance or non-existence of the thing. Fo, 
by reason of the fair eyes of: for the sake of; ct. 
Fr. pour les beaux yeux de. 

1509 Payne Evyll Marr. 146 As moche as aman may put 
in his eye. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 34, 
I might put my winnyng in mine eye, And see neuer the 
woorse. @1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 119, I shall 
lodge all the men-of-ware into my Eae, that shall land in 
Scotland. 1579 Tomson Calvin’s Serm. Tim. 222/1 They 
rule not by reason of their faireeyes. 1583 GoLpinG Calvin 
on Deut. clxxxiv. 1145 It is not for their faire Eyes (as they 
say). @1663 Robin Hood xxxi. in Child Badlads (1888) III. 
v.cxly. 201/2 The ladies gave a shout, ‘ Woodcock, beware 
thyn ee!’ ax1joo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, All that you get 
you may put in your Eye and see ne’er the worse. 1851 
Mayuew Lond. Labour (1861) I. 224 You must mind your 
eye, if you are shovelling slop into a cart. 

b. Biblical allusions. A Jeam, a mote in one's 
eye (Matt. vii. 3). Lye for eye (Exod, xxi. 24). 

@ 1300 Cursor M. 6701 (Cott.) Ei for ei, and toth for toht. 
1570 G. Harvey Letter-b. (Camden) 5 To pluck out the 
beame out of his own i. 

e. Colloq. Zo pipe the eye, to put the finger in 
the eye: derisively used for to weep. 70 cy one’s 
eyes out: to weep excessively. 

1s90 Suaks. Com. Err. u. ii. 206 No longer will I be a 
foole, To put the finger in the eie and weepe. ¢ 1626 Dick 
of Devon mm. iv. in Bullen O. PZ, (1883) IL. 58 Would one 
have thought the foolish ape would putt The finger in the 
eye and tell it daddy! 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1. v. § 22 
So blubber’d with teares, that she may seem almost to have 
wept hereyes out. 1738 Swirt Pol. Conversat. 27, I can’t 
help it, if I would cry my Eyes out. 1883 STEVENSON 
Treasure Isl, w. xix, The smoke .. kept us coughing and 
piping the eye. Mod. ditty: Cry, baby, cry; put your 
finger in your eye. ‘ Ber 

d. Collog. or slang. Referring to drinking or 
drunkenness. 

r6or SHaks. Twel. N. v. i. 205 O he's drunke .. his eyes 
were set at eight i’th morning. 1610 — Jem. 11. ii. 10 
Drinke seruant Monster. .thy eies are almost set in thy head. 
1738 Swirt Pol. Conversat. 13 You must own you hada Drop 
in your Eye. .you were half Seas over. 1789 Burns O Willie 
brewed a peck o maut, We're nae that fou, But just a drappie 
in oure’e. 1840 Barnam /ugol. Leg., Bagman's Dog xix, 
She ask’d him to ‘wet t'other eye’. 

e. Up to the eyes: fig. deeply immersed or occu- 
pied. (M@ortgaged) up to the eyes: to the utmost 


limit. 

1884 Reape Gd. Stories, Born to Gd. Luck, A neighbour’s 
estate, mortgaged up to the eyes, was sold under the ham- 
mer. 1889 Gorpon Stastes in Boy's Own Paper 16 Nov. 
103/3 The stewards were up to their eyes packing baskets 
and making preparations. ee : 

f. Zo (make a person) open (his) eyes: to (make 
him) stare with astonishment. Zo close an eye 
(negatively), Zo + lay, put one’s eyes together: 
to go to sleep. + Ady eyes draws straws (vulgar) : 
Iam sleepy. : 

1633 ‘T. James Voy. 36 Not one of them put his eyes to- 
gether all the night long. 1 J. STEVENS tr. Quevedo’s 
Com. Wks. (1709) 350 He could not Jay his Eyes together. 
1738 Swirt Pol. Conversat. 214 I’m_sure ‘tis time for 
honest Folks to be a-bed—Indeed my Eyes draws straws. 
1814 D. H. O'Brian Narrative Escape 132, I never closed 
aneye. The night at length elapsed. 1889 Jessopr Com- 
ing of Friars ii. 72 The new fashions made his neighbours 
open their eyes. : 

g. Sporting. Zo wipe the eye of another shooter : 
to kill game that he has missed. 

1886 WaLsINGHAM & Payne-Gattwey Shooting I. 128 If 
you do perchance wipe the eye.. of another shooter .. 
apologize. 

h. Slang or vulgar. All my eye: all humbug, 
‘stuff and nonsense’; also, in same sense, + A/Z 
in the eye. My eye(s\ used as an expression of 


astonishment or asseveration. 

1768 Goipsm. Good-n. Man u, That’s all my eye—the 
king only can pardon. 1782 George Bateman II. 113 That’s 
all my eye, and my elbow, as the saying is. 1785 Grose 
Class. Dict. Vulg. Tongue s.v. Betty Martin, That’s my eye 
betty martin. 1819 Moore Tom Crit’s Mem. Congress 2 
All my eye, Betty. 1824 Miss Ferrier Jxher, I, xxxi. 
344 [A bride] sob! aloud..although, as Bob and Davy 
afterwards declared, that was all in the eye. 182 
Poote Hamlet Travestied i, 1., As for black clothes,— 
that’s all my a and Tommy. 1838 Dickens O. Twist 
viii, ‘ My eyes, how green !’ exclaimed the young gentle- 
man. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xvi, Church, aT eye, 


EYE. 
woman ! churchindeed. 1842 Hoop 5S; xi, The tender- 
ness of Spring is all my eye. x Punch 30 Dec, 271/1 
* Nothing in the papers!’ Isn't there, gh. My 


re! 
3. With reference to its function: The eye as 
possessing the power of vision. Often pleonasti- 
cally for emphasis in 70 see with one’s own eyes, 
+ with (or at) eye. 

In Eng. as in other langs. to lose an eye often means 
merely to become blind of one eye ; similarly to put out the 
eyes=to deprive of sight. nga 2 

crago S. Eng. Leg. I. S3/2t5 Huy i-seien alle with eize. 
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 376 Me ssolde pulte oute bope hys 
eye, make hym pur blynd. a1300 Cursor M. 11324 
(Cott.) Symeon .. he o ded suld neuer die, Till he suld se 
crist self wit ei. ¢1385 Cuaucer Z. G. W, Prol. 100 Men 
mosten more thyng beleve Then they may seen at eighe. 
c1450 Bk. Curtasye 323 in Babees Bk. (1868) _Gase not 
on walles with py ne; i 1513 Douctas neis ul. x. 12 
All his solace for tinsale of his E. 1539 TAverner Eras. 
Prov. (1552) 13 That the eye seeth not, y* herte rueth not. 
1584 Powex L/oya’s Cambria 31 Let them belieue no more 
but what they see with their Kies. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 
11, xxv. 136 Many eys see more then one. 1707 J. StevENS 
tr. Quevedo’s Com. Wks. (1709) 350, I have seen it with my 
own Eyes. 1738 Swirr Pol. Conversat. 199 They say, 
Hedges have Eyes, and Walls have Ears. 1776 Trial of 
Nundocomar 24/2, 1 have seen him. . with my own eyes take 
off his seal. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xxxix, There are no 
ears to hear or eyes to see. 1846 Greener Sc, Gunnery 

oo We..have a friend who lost an eye and blew down a 

ouse side. 1871 Rossetti Poems, Dante at Verona xxxiii, 
Thou hast beheld, past sight of eyne. 

VIII. 822/2 If we wish to see each word distinctly, we 
‘run the eye’ along the line. 
b. Phrases. (70 have but) half an eye: even the 


smallest power of vision. (70 see) with halfan 


1878 Encycl. Brit. | 


eye: at a glance, without effort. + At the eye's | 


end: close at hand. 
restore his sight. 


gifts: fig. to bribe. 
to a person who fails to observe what he ought to 
see. With all one’s eyes, with all the eyes in one’s 
head: with eager gaze. agle eye: see EAGLE I0. 
The naked eye: see NAKED. 

¢ 1380 Wycuiir Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 94 He [Jesus] openede 
my y3en. a1547 UpALt, etc. Ervasm. Par. Mark Pref. 4 
Ought with all the iyen in theyr heades to watche. 1579 
Futke Heskins’ Parl. 348 Every man that hath but halfe 
an eye, seeth these grosse inconsequences. 1598 PELEGRO- 
Mius Synonym. Sylva 35/2 To Bribe; vide to put out ones 


+ To put out one’s eyes with 


To open any one's eyes: to | 
| (who comes but seldome in my eye). 1 
Where are your eyes? said | 


482 


tincte, 1g09 FisHer Hs, 1, (1876) 68 Al thynges be naked 
and open to his [God's] eyen. @ Wyatt Poet. Wks. 
ge 22 With false favour .. 7 leceive th’ayes. 1587 

‘LeminG Contn. Holinshed 111. 1986/1 The ——— cap- 
teines. .perceiuing at eie that..they were not able to anie 
oage So ane i cee. 1599 Suaxs. Much Ado 
1v. i. 72 Is this face Heroes? are our eles our owne? 1605 
ST ut. i, 125 Mask the Busi from the 


+b. Jn (the) eye: in appearance. By the eye: 
?in unlimited quantity. Ods. 

1394 P. Pl. Crede 84 Grete-hedede quenes wil 
emg c1592 MarLowe Few of Malta 1. iv, Thou it 

ve broth by the eye. 1613 Beaum. & Fi. Kn. Burn. 
Pestle u. ii, Here’s mony and gold bith’ eie my boy. 1684 
R. H. Sch. Recreat. 117 Mark out the Head of your Pond, 
and make it the highest part of the Ground in the eye, tho’ 
it be the lowest in the true Level. 

+e. Range of vision, view, sight. Only in phrases : 
In eye ; in, into, out of (a person's) eye. Obs. in lit. 
sense. 

1599 Warn, Faire Wom. i. 770 A very bloudy act..com- 
mitted in eye of court. 1602 SHaks. Ham. vy. iv. 6 We 
shall expresse our dutie in his eye. Br. Hatt Rem. 
Wks. (1660) 125 He fights in the eye of his Prince. 1665 
Boye Occas. Ref?. v. it.(1675) 301 iit man. 
of Doctrine .. bring them into every y’s Eye. 1670 
Cotton Espernon 1. u. 82 He was no sooner remov’'d out of 
his Eye, than that confidence hegeo to stagger. 1673 Cuas. 
Il in Lauderdale Papers (1885) III. ii. 2 Your sone Yester 
i YARRANTON 
Eng. Improv. 38 A Harbour .. in the very Eye of France. 
1711 STEELE Sfect.No 113 P 4 She helped me to some Tansy 
in the Eye of all the Gentlemen in the Country. 

d. fig. Jn one’s (mind’s) eye: in one’s mental 
view, in contemplation. 

1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. ii. 185, I see my father..In my 
minds eye. ¢1680 BeveRIDGE Serm. (1729) I. 411 He must 
stg haveitinhiseye. 1713 BerkELEy ss. in Guardian 
vi. Wks. 1871 III. 163 The sages whom I have in my eye 


gold b; 


| speak of virtue as the most amiable thing in the world. 1726 


eyes with giftes. 1598 W. Puitiirs Linschoten (1864) 190 | 


These Haraffos .. can discerne it [counterfeit money] with 
halfan eye. 16x Biste Ps. cxlvi.8 The Lord openeth the 
eyes of the blinde. 1627-77 FettHam Resolves 1. x. 15 We 
judg them near, at the eyesend. 1743 Butketey & Cum- 
mins Voy. S. Seas 10 The Captain. .seeing the Light, ask’d 
the Master, Where his Eyes were? 1860 Russe_t Diary 
/ndia Il. xiii, 1 looked with all my eyes, but they failed to 
detect any difference. 1883 Stevenson 7veasure /s/. 1. 
xviii, I saw with half an eye that all was over. : 

ec. fig.; esp. as attributed to the heart, mind, or 
to quasi-personified objects. 

cr10g0 Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 2 Geopenedum eagum 
urum. c1175§ Lamb. Hom. 157 [He] mid be e3zene of his 
hoste bihalt in to houene and sicd pe muchele blisse pet he 
is to ilected. ¢ 1230 //ali Meid. 3 Opene to understonde 
ehne of pin heorte. _ in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 
187 Mi goostli izen ben ful of dust. 1590 SHaks. Mids. N. 
11, ii. 435 Sleepe .. sometime shuts vp sorrowes eie, 1687 
‘T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 82 This it is to 
want the eye of faith. @1703 Burkitt On N. T. Mark vi. 
6 A spiritual eye can discern beauty in an humbled and 
chased Saviour. 1837 Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) UI. 
xxiii, 372 Excitement, which has power to fascinate the 
eye of our minds. 1851 Herscuer Stud. Nat, Phil. u. vi. 
166 To witness facts with = of reason, 1856 Grin- 
pon Life i. (1875) 5 Science needs all its eyes. .to discern it. 

d. Applied to a person who uses his eyes on 
behalf, or instead, of another. 

1 Wycir Fob xxix. 15 An eje I was to blinde. 
1 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 173, 1 haue been ane 
Ee to y® blind. 1 Mitton P. LZ. ut. 650 The seav’n 
Who .. are his Eyes That .. Bear his swift errands. 1689 
Hickerincitt Ceremony-monger, Wks. (1716) II. 503 The 
Bishop's great Eye (Mr. Arch-deacon) is getting himself a 
Stomach to his Dinner. 1806 Worpsw. Ode /ntim. Immort. 
112 Thou best Philosopher .. thou Eye among the blind. 
1836-48 B. D. Watsu Avistoph. 17 note, The Kings of 
Persia had certain officers who were called ‘ his Eyes’. 

e. fig. Applied to a city, country, province, etc. ; 
The seat of intelligence or light. 


1599 Haxtuyr Voy. Il. 118 The e of the realme, 
Cambridge, and Oxford, x Mitton P, RX. 1v. 240 Athens, 
the eye of Greece, 1680 Morven Geog. Rect., 

(1685) 25 In the beautiful Body of the lom of E; F 
R. W, Hamit- 


the two Eyes are the two Universities. 
ton Pop. Bdue. vii. (ed. 2) 165 Massachusetts. .is the eye of 
the States, 1878 Bosw. Smirn Carthage 355 Corinth the 
eye of Greece, 

4. Used in sing. and f/. for; The action or func- 
tion of the eyes; the sense of seeing; ‘ocular 
knowledge’ (J.), sight. Chiefly in phrases: (70 
have) before one’s eyes: lit. and fig. To believe 
one's (own) eyes. To catch, + fix, strike, take the 
eye. t+ Al (first) eye: at first sight. 

a 1200 Vices § Aopomandy | nae -~ —_ ge 
mannes eijen, ¢ 1400 . Loll, 50 for a t ie 
sceyuip & iapip pe 3ee, to pis biggip pe vacated 
ok geo 1440 Test. Ebor, (Surtees) u. 76 Pai, havan 
Gode before per eyghen, do trewe execution of pis m 
presentt testament. 1471 Arviv, Edw. /V (Camden) 38 It 
appered to every mann at eye the sayde partie was ex- 


Leoni tr. Albertis Archit. 11. 55, e had nothing in 
their eye, but adorning that which was to contain the body. 
1791 ‘G. GamBapno’ Ann. Horsem. Pref. (1809) 54 Having 
the safety of man’s neck in my eye. 188 Copsett Pol. Reg. 
XXXIII. 414, I have..the little thatched cottages of Walt. 
ham Chase. .in my mind's eye. 

5. With reference to the direction of the eye; 
hence often equivalent to: Look, glance, gaze. 
Often with verbs like cast, lift, turn, etc. + Zo 
change, mingle eyes (with): to exchange amorous 
glances (with). 70 make eyes at; to throw the eye 
at: to throw amorous or covetous glances at. + 70 
throw out one’s eyes for; To look out for. Zo see 
eye to eye (Isa. lii. 8): often misused for to be of 
one mind, think alike. 

e975 Rushw, Gosp. Matt. xvii. 8 Da hig hyra eagan upp- 
Ped ag ne zesawon hig nanne. a1aag Ancr. R. 54 Eue, 
bi moder, leop efter hire eien; urom hire eien to pe eppel, 
vrom pe eppel i parais adun to eorde. ¢1320 R. Brunne 
Medit. 643 To hyr fadyr he kast hys yen. c¢1485 Digby 
Myst, (1882) 1. 572 The ley ys euer the messenger of foly. 
1535 Covervace Ecclus. xxvii. 1 He that seketh to be riche 
turneth his eyes asyde. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. JV, 1. iii. 14 
On my face he turn’d an eye of death. 1604 — Oth. 1.1. 
39 As well to see the Vessel that’s come in As to throw-out 
our eyes for braue Othello, 1606 — Ant. & CZ. m1. xiii. 156 
Would you mingle eyes With one that tyes his points. 
1610 — TZemp. 1.1. 441 At the first sight They haue chang’d 
eyes. 1781 Cowrrr Conversation 485 Money fall F peed 
eyes. 1798 Coterince Amc, Mar. mu. xv, Each. .curs’d me 
with his ee. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy viii, Is it one of 
my colleens f satis been throwing the eye at, Sir? 
THackeray Esmond 1. i, She used to make eyes at the 
Duke of Marlborough. 1879 Print. Trades Frnl. Xxvi. 4 
Unable to see eye to eye with the subscribers, 

b. In words of command, J//. (see quots.) ; so 
in Boating, Eyes in the Boat. 

1832 Prop, Regul. Instr. Cavalry u. 35 Its Leader gives 
the word ‘ gt Centre’. 1833 Regul. /nstr. Cavalry 1, 1 
On the word Zyes Right, glance the eyes to the right with 
the slightest turn possible of the head. At the word Ayes 
Left, cast the eyes in like manner to the left. On the word 
Eyes Front, the look and head are to be directly to the 
front, the habitual position of the soldier, 1837 Dickens 
Pickw, iv, The command ‘ eyes front’ had been given. 1859 
F. A, Grirritus Artill, Man. (1862) 152 Captains wh ere 
the word ‘ Eyes right’, or ‘left’, as the in: i cer 
comes to their batteries, ‘ Eyes front’ when passed, 
1887 Times (weekly ed.) 18 Nov. 2/5 The words of com- 
mand were, .‘ Eyes front ; by your right ; quick march’. 

¢. with adjs. expressing the disposition or feeling 

of the person looking, as, angry, contemptuous, 
Sriendly, jealous, loving, wondering. 

ar ursor M. (4078) Cott. Ne wald pai apon_ him 

sei Fra pis dai forth wit blithful ei. /did. 17837 (Cott.) 

Til heuen pai lifted pair eien brade. ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 

4264 If oon be fulle of vylanye, Another hath a likerous 

1556 Aurelio & Isad. (1608) E iv, Chaste and shame- 

faste ees, 1611 Biante Prov, xxii. 9 Hee that hath a bounti- 


full eye, shall bee blessed. 1735 Pore Prod. Sat, 199 View 
him with .. jealous eyes, Macautay Hist. Eng. 1, 
161 Bowls, hor g, were regarded with no friendly 
eye, 


"d Persecutions | 


EYE. 
6. An attentive or observing look, /#¢. and fig.; 
tion, su’ } attention, Chiefly 


re) 
in phrases; (70 be) all eyes: all attention. + Zo 
bear, give, good eyes upon: to pay close attention 
to, watch attentively. 70 give an eye to: to give 
a share of one’s attention to. Zo keep, have an 
(one's) eye +after, upon: to keep watch upon. 


ee the eye of: ler the observation or atten- 
tion of. 
¢ 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) Se had euer on him 
his eye. phos z, vm a Oy Nurture 527 Looke ye 
obur conn: ervers. ¢ 

R Coilsar 695 | ain Selman oltar ies heme Anny 
Eay. 1586 J. Hoonen Givald. Irel, in Holinshed Il. 26/2 
Maurice good eie and watched the matter 


alleyes: besilent. 164x Mitton Animado. (1851) 219 
special indul 


He. .hath yet everhad this Island under gent 
eye of his idence, B. Parival's Iron Age 
211 It was su the Earle of Essex had an eie upon Ox- 
ford. 188 Consetr Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 64, I shall keep 


my eye upon them, 1824 Mepwin Convers. Byron (1832) 
al I had .. fallen under the eye of the Government. 

. To have an eye to: to look to, pay attention 
to; to have as one’s object, have regard for; to 
have reference to. With an eye to: with a view 
to; with a design upon. 

1375, Barsour Bruce vi. 523 The Kyng..Till thame, and 
nouthir ellis-quhar Had ey. Jdid. xu. 306, Dae 3how 
That nane of 30w for | er, Haf E till of thair 
Richess, 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 73b, Some 
feareth synne & payne hauynge an eye and respecte 
to bothe in maner indifferent’ on 5 CoverDALe 2 Macc. 
viii. 2 They called vpon the e, yt he wolde haue an 
eye vnto his people. 1 Nasue Four Lett. Confut. 67 

aue an eie to the maine-chaunce. Bacon £ss., 
Counsel (Arb.) 322 Men will Councell with an eye to them- 
selves. 1641 ¥rni. Ho. Comm. 11. 183 An especial eye 
may be had over all Counties, where Papists are most 
residing. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 210 Have 
still an Eye to the weeding and cleansing Part. 1713 


SreeLe Englishman No. 11. 74 A Man will have an Eye 
to his first Appearance in Publick. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. 
Waters 111. 285 The gentlemen of the ion .. have 


--nosmalleyeto gain. 1838 Lytton A/ice 171 Maltravers 
has an eye to the county, one of these days. 1861 THorn- 
Bury Zurner I. 358 He collects analytical diagrams of 
Dutch boats, with an eye to get nearer to Vandervelde, 
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 58 t I said about the Cretan 
laws..had an eye to war only. 1888 Froupe Eng. in W, 
Indies 40 Gold and silver plate, he observed with an eye to 
business was. .abundant. . 

7. (in sing. only). The faculty of perception or 
discrimination of visual objects, either in general 
or in some special connexion. Often in phrases : 
To have, with, the eye of (a painter, etc.). Zo 
have an eye for (proportion, etc.). (Zo estimate, 
etc.) by (the) eye : as opposed to measurement, etc. 
Also, Sport: To have, get, one’s eye (well) in: to 
be or become able to judge accurately of distance 
and direction, as in Billiards, Shooting, etc. 

1657 Austen Fruit Trees 11. 93 Shew clearly (to a dis- 
cerning eie). 1715 J. Ricuarpson 7%. Painting 150 He has 
a Eye on the Sense, as one is said to have a Good Ear 
for Musick. 1719 — Art Crit. 188 It does not appear to 
have been done by any other help than the Correctness of 
the Eye. 1774 M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. 88 Estimate 

the Eye the Distance of C from A. 1796 /ustr. & Reg. 

‘avalry (1813) 67 The leader of the column will march by 
his eye. 1847 L. Hunt Yar Honey Pref. (1848) 9 Who saw 
= ceaenee ‘ e oa a pe. 1855 MacauLay 

ist. » IV. e not.. eye of a 
tain for all the cm of a battle. OWETT Plato ed») 
Il. 271 An for proportion is . 31884 0. Rev. No, 
316. 482 Their eyes were well in, 


e who are 
Jud, of the Court. 1635 A. Srarrorp em, Glory (1869) 
6 Sinnes more odious even in our own eies, 1643 
‘erm. (1645) 37 To his sad disconsolate wife, a 
too too much, in his eye [etc.]. 1659 B. Harris 7. rival’ 

Iron Age The b more i 


DALL 


some her glass ies, no one looks in with 
another's e Home Hist. Eng. 11. xxxvi. 286 Per- 
sons not . Sheed 


Fer Cong Gere TIL nity oft In te apecl logis aa 
‘orm. (I . xiii, 281 
sound morals. cps ; Uatatrine Reporte x 
x e was a man eyes of my ¥ 
IL. 9. Si he shade, tinge, (Ci. Fail). Obs. 
1610 SHAKs. pak nt. The indeed 
Bone ne fous sh 2g Nene of Baars willstr Srnec 
of mys them. @ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 
and Latin. 1664 


EYE. 


A natural Earth with an Eye of Loam in it. 1677 PLor 

Oxfordsh. 279 A true blue dye, having an eye of red. 1699 

Evetyn Acetaria 98 Oyl..with an Eye .. of..Olive green. 
b. (See quot.) 

1736 Baitey (folio’, Zye, the lustre and brilliant of pearls 
and precious stones, more usually call’d the water. 

ITT. An object resembling the eye in appearance, 
shape, or relative position. 

10. On plants : a. the axillary bud; the leaf-bud 
of a potato; b. the remains of the calyx on fruit ; 
ce. the centre of a flower. 

1615 W. Lawson Orch. § Gard. ut. x. (1668) 26 Let your 
2 have three or four eyes for readiness to put forth, 
1672-3 Grew Anat. Plants u. 1. i. § 7 Potato’s [root] where 
the Eyes or Buds of the future Trunks lie inward. 1710 
Lonvon & Wise Compl. Gard. (1719) 167 Apples .. may 
be plac’d either upon the Eye or Stalk. 1772 Foote Nabob 
I. Se 1799 II. 303 For pip, colour, and eye, I defy the 
whole parish. .to match ’em [polyanthuses], 1787 WINTER 
Syst. Hush. 157 Six scotch potatoes, cut into thirty-three 
sets, with two eyes each, 1858 CARPENTER ee Phys. § 121 
The points commonly known as the eyes of the Potato. /éid. 
§ 586 By the remains of the calyx. .the eye of the gooseberry 
is formed. /did. § 605 The smallerthe eye. .of the dahlia the 
better it is considered to be. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 
268 Corolla minute, pale blue with a white eye. 1882 Gar- 
den 18 Mar. 183/2 Vine eyes from Spain .. make better and 
stronger Vines than those propagated from eyes produced 
in this country. 

ll. Lye of a crab, a crawfish =CRAB’s EYE, 

1661 Lovett Hist, Anim. & Min. 190 The eyes or stones 
[of the crab] coole, dry, cleanse, discusse, breake the stone. 
1753 Hanway Trav. I. 1. xv. 98 These eyes [of crawfish] are 
sent into turkey..to be used in medicines. 

12. A spot resembling an eye; esf. a. One of the 
spots near the end of the tail-feathers of a peacock. 
b. One of the three spots at one end of a cocc 
nut. ¢@, A small dark spot in the eggs of fish 
and insects while hatching. 

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 7 A litel stone wip yene. 
1398 — Barth. De P. R. xu. xxxil. (1495) 432 The pecok 
hath. .a taylle full of eyen. 1556 Aurelio & [sad, (1608) G ij, 
Delectabler .. then seamethe unto the pecocke his tale 
chargede with ees. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 396 They 
makea shew of the eyes appearing in Peacockes tailes. 1622 
Peacuam Comfpil. Gentl. (661) 163 A mantle wrought with 
gold and Peacocks eyes. 1736 Baitey (folio), Eye ofa Bean, 
a black speck .. in the cavity of the corner-teeth of a horse. 
1788 Cowrer On Mrs. Montague’s Feather Hangings 4 
‘The Peacock sends his..starry eyes. 1840 Penny Cycl. 
XL. 334/1 In this last [variety] the eyes or circlets of the 
train tof the peacock] are shadowed out. 1863 F. BucKLanp 
inG.C. Bompas Life vii. (1885) 125 No eyes yet in the [trout’s] 
eggs. 3865 Tytor Zarly Hist, Man. vi. 131 The diviner.. 
will spin a cocoa-nut, and decide a question according to 
where the eye of the nut looks towards when at rest again. 
1885 H. O. Forsrs Nat. Wanderings ii. 27 Having pierced 
the proper eye with one of its spindle ambulatory legs, it 
[the Birgus] rotates the nut round it. 

Obs. 


+ 18. Lye of the world :=Hydrophane. 
[transl. of mod. L. oculus mundi: cf. the Arab, 


name (mets! no ‘eye ofthe sun’.] 

[1672 Boyte Origin Gems 107 Though the Oculus Mundi 
be reckoned by lassic Authors among the rare Gems.] 
1772 Cronstedt’s Min. App. 6, I have seen the Eye of the 

orld..in Sir Hans Sloane’s Collection, 

14. Naut. ‘ Zyes of her’ (see quot. 1867). 

1840 Marrvat Poor Fack xxii, Being right in the eyes of 
her ., we could [etc.]. 1867 Smytu Sadlor’s Word-bk. 284 
Eyes of her, the foremost part of the bay, or in the bows of 
a ship. In olden times, and now in Spanish and Italian 
boats..an eye is painted on each bow. 1880 7imes 25 Dec. 
7/4 Aheavy forecastle in the eyes of her. 


15, +a. A fountain or spring; = Heb. py 
sayin, Arab. nS Sain. b. The opening through 


which the water wells up. Cf. WELL-EYE. 

1609 Biste (Douay) Deut. xxxiii. 28 The eie of Jacob in 
the land of corne and wine. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 290/2 
The place where the river re-appears is called Los Ojos de 

jana (the eyes of the Guadiana’. 1857 Livincstone 
Trav. vi. 111 A hollow, which anciently must have been the 
eye ofa fountain. 1883 J. Mackenzie Day-dawn in Dark 
Places 70 There are three separate wells or ‘eyes’ to this 
fountain, F 

16. A central mass ; the brightest spot or centre 
(of light). 

1864 Jutell. Observ. V. 371 The net being drawn through 
a ‘scull’ or shoal of the rit breaks what 1s called the no: 
of the fish. 1867 SmytH Sailor’s Word-bk, 284 Eyght, the 
thickest part of a scule of herrings ; when this is scattered 
by the fishermen, it is termed ‘ cooking Se ey’. 1870 J. 
Roskett in Eng. Mech. 18 Mar. 647/2 When the button of 
melted copper .. assumes a bright colour, and the centre, 
which the essayer calls the eye, being dark, the front brick 
is. .drawn aside. 

17. Painting. (See quot.) 

1859 Guttick & Timss Paint. 201 ‘Eyes’, as the abrupt 
terminations of the longitudinal division of folds are 
named. 

18, Naut. Zz the wind’s eye: in the direction of 
the wind. Jno the wind’s eye: to windward, 

To be a sheet in the wind’s eye: fig. to be slightly 
intoxicated. ng 

r . Hevwoop Prov. & Efpigr.(1867) 114 The weather 
— olan is. .in the windis oy 1628 a Frnl. (Cam- 
den) 50 The 4 galliottes. .rowed into the windes eye, | 1743 
Burxerey & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 135 The Sound. .is not 
above a League in the Wind’s Eye. 1823 Byron ¥uan x, 
iv, In the wind’s eye I have sail’d, 1834 Mepwin Angler 
in Wales 11, 145 A better sea-boat..but she could not walk 
in the wind’s eye, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxiv. (1856) 


483 


179 To sce our pack-bound neighbors. .steam ahead dead in 


the wind’s eye. 1883 Stevenson Treasure Isl, 1. xx, 
Maybe you think we were all a sheet in the wind’s eye. But 
I'll tell you I was sober. 

9. The centre of revolution. Also in phrase 70 
open tts eye. 

1760-g2tr. Fuan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed, 3) II. vin. iii. 210 The 
cloud. , begins, according to the sailor’s phrase, to open its 
eye, i, e. the cloud breaks, and the part of the horizon where 
it was formed becomes clear, 1867 F. Francis Angling v. 
144 The eye of the stream .. is always the most favourable 
spot for fish, By the eye I mean the first good eddy on the 
inside of any stream after it commences its shoot. 1884 
Science Jan. 63 The .. dreadful calm within the whirl, to 
which sailors have given the name of ‘ the eye of the storm’. 

20. A hole or aperture. 

a. In a needle: The hole or aperture formed to 
receive the thread. 

c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 25 Derh Syrl ov ego nedles. 
¢ 1000 Ags. Gos. ibid., Eadelicor mzg se olfend gan purh.. 
nedle eage. 1382 Wycuir Matt. xix, 24 It is lizhter, or 
eysier a camel for to passe thorw3 a nedelis eize. c 1400 
Lanfranc's Cirurg. 36 A nedle pre cornerid whos ize schal 
be holid on bope sidis. 1606 Suaxs. Tr. & Cr. 1. i. 87 So 
much wit .. As will stop the eye of Helens needle. 12-4 
Pore Rape Lock u. 128 Wedg’d whole ages in a bodkin’s 
eye. 1740 CHEYNE Regimen 313 The Rays of Millions of 
different Flambeaux may pass .. through the Eye of a 
Needle. 1831-4 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal II. 358 The 
formation of the gutters and the piercing of the eye. 

b. A hole pierced in a tool or implement, for 
the insertion of some other object. 

1554 Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 57 For makynge 
the iee of the clapper [of a bell]..xiiijd. 1703 Moxon A/ech. 
Exerc. 155 Put the Eyes of the Hindges over the Pins of 
the Hooks. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Ejb, When the 
Miner haums a Pick, there is always Some of the Haum 
comes through the Eye. 1796 Pearson in Phil. Trans. 
LXXXVI. 445 Its [the axe’s] length from eye to edge was 
seveninches, 1827 J. F.Coorer Pra?rie I. ii. 26 He buried 
his axe to the eye, in the soft body of a cotton-wood tree. 
1867 SmytH Sazlor’s Word-bk. 284 Eye of an anchor, the 
hole in the shank wherein the ring is fixed. 1881 F. J. 
Britten Watch § Clockm, 33 The eye should be made close 
to the end of the spring which shoud be rounded. 

ce. An opening or passage for the introduction 
or withdrawal of material, as in the ‘runner’ or 
upper stone of a mill, in a kiln, etc. ; also for exit 
or ingress, as in a fox’s earth, a mine, etc. 

1686 Burnet 7rav. v. (1750) 277 He comes out at the Eye 
of the Mill all in Wafers. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece u. i. 
295 Having found a Fox’s Earth, cause all his Holes you 
can find to be stopt, except the main Hole or Eye that is 
most beaten. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Giv, Eye of the 
Shaft..is the very beginning of the Surface or Grass Clod, 
sometimes called the Mouth in old Works. 1776 Younc 
Tour in Irel, (1780) 301 He burns it in arched kilns, with 
several eyes. 1812 Chron. in Aun. Reg. 1811, 5 When the 
men employed at the lime-kiln ..went to their work, they 
found a man and a woman lying dead on the edge of its 
eye. 2x E. J. Lance Cottage Farmer 19, 44 bushels of 
flour from the eye of the mill. 1843 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. 
IV. 1. 27 The main drain opens into the ditch at a spot 
called the ‘eye’. 1843 PortLock Geol. 682 In each quadrant 
of the kiln, there is an opening, called an eye, or fire-hole. 
1884 Knicut Dict. Mech. IV. 605 A damsel on the spindle 
..agitates the shoe beneath the hopper and causes the grain 
to dribble into the eye of the runner. 

d. A small hole or hollow in bread or cheese, 
etc, (Cf. Bunt’s EYE 12). Ods. exc. dial. [Cf. 
Fr. eé/ in same sense. ] 

1528 Paynett Salerne Regi. E ij, Chese..not to tough 
.-nor to full of eies. 1607 ‘TorseLL Four-f. Beasts (1673) 
483 Cheeses made of their [Sheep’s] milk is. . full of eyes and 
halen 1649 Butue Lng, Linprov. Impr. (1653) 143 A Mud, 
or Sludg .. which is very soft, full of Eyes and Wrinckles. 
1688 R. Hotme Armory i. v. 244 Bad cheese .. full of 
Eyes, not well prest, 1710 J. Crarke Rohault’s Nat. Phil. 
(1729) I. 29 Those large Spaces which we call the Eyes of 
the Bread. x879 Miss Jackson Shropsh, Word-bk. s.v., 
I like bread full of eyes, cheese without any, 

21. A loop of metal or thread in a ‘hook and 
eye’, esp. that used as a fastening in dresses. Also 
a metal ring for holding a rod or bolt, or for a 
Tope, etc., to pass through. 

1599 Minsueu Sf. Dict. (1623), Hevilla.. hooks and eies 
of siluer. 1611 Cotcr., Pitoz..an Eye for a curtaine 
rod [etc.], @ 1658 CLEVELAND Pet, Poem 23 My Eyes are 
out, and all my Button-moulds Drop. 1 Daas in 
Phil. Trans. XX. 2 On the Top I left an Eye in the Wire. 
1715 Desacutters Fires [nipr. 130 Two Iron Eyes for the 
ends of the Axis to play in. 1763 Det Pino Sf, Dict., 
Méchos y hémbras, hooks and eyes. 1831 Brewster Vat. 
Magic x. (1833) 247 Having .. made it [the rope] pass 
through a fixed iron eye. 1865 J.C. Witcocks Sea Fisher- 
man (1875) 35 A piece of brass wire (having eyes turned 
at the ends), 1880 W. C. Russe. Sailor's Sweetheart 
(1881) II. iv. 20r A couple of scuttlebutts lashed .. to eyes 
in the bulwarks. dod. The stair-rods are too large for the 


eyes. \ 

b A re Bid cord or rope; esf. ‘the circular 
loop of a shroud or stay, where it goes over the 
mast’ (Adm. Smyth); and in other nautical ap- 
plications. Also the loop at one end of a bow- 
string. 

1584 R, Scor Discov. Witcher. xin. xxix. 277 Put the eie 
of the one [cord] into the eie or bowt of the other. @ 1642 
Sir W, Monson Naval Tracts ut. (1704) 345/2 An Eye or 
two, and a Wall-knot. 1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), 
Collet d’étai, the eye ofa stay placed over a mast-head, 1797 
Netson in Nicolas Disf. IT. 324 Two pair of main-shrouds 
cut in the eyes. 1867 Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk. 275 Elliot- 
eye..is an eye worked over an iron thimble in the end of a 
hempen bower-cable, to facilitate its being shackled to the 


EYE. 


chain for riding in very deep water. /éid. 283 Flemish eye, 
particularly applied to the eye of a stay, which is either 
formed at the making of the rope; or by dividing the yarns 
into two equal parts, knotting each pair separately and 
pointing the whole over after parcelling. 1882 Nares Sea- 
manship (ed. 6) 9 The eyes of the rigging. 

22. Arch. (see quot. 1888). 

1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl., Eye of the Volute, 1888 Gwitt 
Archit. Gloss. 1277 Eye, a general term signifying the 
centre of any part ; thus the eye of a pediment is a circular 
window in its centre. The eye of a dome is the horizontal 
aperture on its summit. ‘The eye of a volute is the circle 
at the centre, from whose circumference the spiral line com- 
mences. ; 

b. transf. in Conchology. 

1755 Gentl. May. XXV. 32 Volute, is that twist of spirals 
which winds round the axis or columella, diminishing by 
degrees, and ending in a point called the eye. /did.34 The 
eye [of the shell] is perfectly white, and shaped like a nipple. 

+23. Anat. Eye of the knee: the knee-cap. 

c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg.177 To + pis ioynture from 
harm, is ioyned peron a round boon & .. of summen it is 
clepid be y3e of pe knee. 

24. Typfog. +a. =the Face of a type. [Fr. 
aztl.] b. The enclosed space in the letters d,e, 0, etc. 

1676 Moxon Reg. Trinm Ord. Lit. Typo. 22 In the 
Parallel of 23 draw a line for the Eye, from the inside of e 
to the outside on the right hand. 1736 Bartey (folio), Aye 
(with Printers) is sometimes used for the thickness of the 
types or characters used in Printing; or more strictly the 
graving in relievo on the top or face of a letter. fod. The 
eyes of the type are filled up. , 

25. Artificial eye; also simply ‘eye’: A glass 
imitation of the natural eye. 

1832 BansacEe Econ. Manuf. § 235, 1..determined to think 
of the dolls’ eyes .. I satisfied myself that the eyes alone 
would produce a circulation of a great many thousand 
pounds. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v. Eye, Artificial eye, a 
thin shell or concavo-convex piece of glass or enamel, 
coloured in imitation of a natural eye, which is introduced 
beneath the lid when the eye has been enucleated. 1888 
Encycl. Brit, XXM11. 90/2 Artificial eyes are inserted. .and 
the specimen is then placed..to dry, 

26. Glass eye. a. = prec. b. also simply 
‘eyes’: A pair of spectacles. ¢. = BULL’s EYE, 

1s.. Kennepy Agst. Mouth-Thankless v. (in Evergreen), 
In thy Bag thou beirs thyne Een. 1710 Acc. Death Tone 
Whigg 11. 39 A Glass Eye, the Workmanship. .of the Famous 
Gualtero. 1719 D’Urrey Pid/s III. 18 A pair of Glass Eyes 
to clap on my Nose. 1785 Mrs. A. M. Benner Fuvenile 
Indiscretions (1786) 1. 62, I must put on my eyes..yes, I 
see I was mistaken. 1886 Pall Mall G. 22 Dec. 5/1 The 
pale rays of the sun show through the glass eyes on deck. 
1890 Coves Handbk, Ornithology 66 Glass eyes, of all sizes 
and colours, may be purchased at a moderate cost. 

IV. attrib, and Com, 

27. General relations: a. attributive, (portions 
or natural appendages of the eye) as eye-brim, 
-orbit, -place, -root, -socket; (actions, properties, 
qualities, sensations of or pertaining to the eye) 
as eye-craft, encounter, -glance, -level, -love, -plea- 
sure, -range, -reach, -search, -sparkle, -tear, 
-wrinkle; (surgical appliances for examining or 
operating on the eye) as eye-cep, -douche, -forceps, 
-instrument, -speculum, -syringe; eye-like, adj. 5 
b. objective, as eye-clearer, -doctor, -guard, -irri- 
gator, -protector; eye-bedewing, -beguiling, -be- 
wildering, -bewitching, -brightening, -dazzling, 
-delighting, -distracting, -glutting, -offending, 
-over-flowing, -pleasing, -rejoiwing, -retorting, 
-searing, -lrying, etc., also with indirect obj. e’e- 
sweet, adjs.; eye-ward adv.; eye-casting, -de- 
vouring, -watering vbl. sbs. @. locative as eye- 
blurred, -bold, -starting adjs.; eye-earnestly adv. 5 
instrumental as eye-charmed, -checkt, -reasoning, 
-seen adjs.; parasynthetic and similative as eye- 


blue, -headed, -tipped. 

1612 J. Tayior (Water P.) To Sir R. Douglas, This king+ 
dom weeps .. With .. *eye-bedewing verse. 1645 QuARLES 
Sol, Recant. i. 4 Heart-corrupting, Pi beiy- opel 3 Gold. 
1637 GILLESPIE ape Pop. Cerent. 1. ix. 46 The ..*eye-be- 
witching farding, of fleshly shew. 183 CarLyLe Sart. Res. 
1. ix, *Eye-bewildering chiaroscuro, 1839 Baitey Festus 
xix. (1848) 225 Within, the dome Was *eyeblue sapphire. 
1592 Warner 4/6, Eng. vu. xxxvii, 168 She *eie-blur’d, 
and adiudged Praies the dastard’st. 1606 SytvesteR Due 
Bartas . w. u. Magnificence 424 Th’ *eye-bold Eagle 
never fears the flash..of Lightning. 1641 Mitton Ch. 
Govt, Wks. 1738 I. 58 Some *eye-brightning Electuary of 
Knowledge and Foresight. 1729 T. Cooke Tales, Pro- 
posals, &¢. 185 The Caitiff trembles, and his *Eyebrims flow. 
1553 T. WiLson Rhet. (1580) 88 By suche. .good “eye cast. 
yng: thei shall alwaies bee able. .to speake what thai ought, 
1649 G. Damien 7vinarch., Hen. V, ccclxii, Amazement but 
Enthralls *Eye-Charm’d Spectators. 1654 Gayton Pleas. 
Notes u1. iv. 47 He forgot his Table, till *eye-checkt to his 
duty, 1883 R. Turner in Gd. Words Dec. 790/2 The pretty 
little Eyebright..had at one time a great reputation as an 
*eye-clearer, 1639 Horn & Rosornam Gate Lang. Uni, 
Ixxvi. heading, Of opticks (*eye-craft) and painting, 1874 
Knicut Dict. Mech., *Eye-cup, a cup for washing the eye- 


ball. x60x CHESTER Love’s Mart, Cantoes xly, (1878) 
147 *E: e-dazling mistries. 1757 Dyer Fleece u. 574 The 
tribe salts ., *eyedelighting hues Produce. ISSEY 


Holiday on Road 87 Windmills. always charming features 
in the prospect, life-giving and eye-delighting. 1873 Brown- 
1nG Red Cott, Nt.-cap 1473 Monsieur Léonce Miranda ate 
her up With *eye-devouring. 1885 E, D, Hate in Harper's 
Mag. Mar. 558/2 They are as good as any *eye-doctor, 1884 
Syd Soc. Lex., *Eye douche, an instrument by means of 
which a stream of water or medicated fluid “ bot applied to 
-2 


er" Te 


rey 


the surface of theeye. 1818 Keats Endymion. _ 
ing, “eye-earnestly, through almond vales. 1833 Lams £. 
Ser. u. i, (1865) 241 A momentary oy oe with those 
stern bright visages, 1590 Srenser /, Q. 1. iv. 37 His coun- 
tenaunce. .scornefull My some at him shot, 1827 Kensie 
Chr. Y. Visit. Sick, Your yg are too bright. 
1590 Spenser F. Q, 1. vii. 9 To that covet such *eye- 
glutting gaine Proffer thy giftes. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 
128/1 Gauze Wire *Eye-Guards. 1874 Ksicut Dict. Mech., 
* Eye-headed Bolt, a form of bolt having an eye at the head- 
end. 1884 Syd. Soc, Lex., *Eye-irrigator, a coil of narrow 
lead tubing. .readily bent to fit the orbit and the surface of 
the lids. “ros igh which a constant current of warm or cold 
fluid is maintained. 161 Corcr., Miraillet, a Thorne- 
backe which hath on either of her sides .. a great *eye-like 
spot. 1879 Luspock Sc#. Lect. ii. 51 Many of the hawk- 
moth caterpillars have eye-like spots. 1863 Ourpa Held in 
Bondage (1870) 92 And *eye-love expires. 1806 J. GRAHAME 
Birds of Scot. 77 A melancholy, *eye-o’erflowing look. 1595 
Suaks. Yohn mu. i. 47 Patch’d with foule Moles, and *eye- 
offending markes. 1858 H. Miter Rambi. Geol. u. xii. 
434 The snout of the Dipterus was less round ; it bore no 
marks of the *eye-orbits. 1869 Brackmore Lorna D. ii. 
(ed. 12) 10 A light came through my “*eye-places. 1580 
Siwney A rcadia (1622) 6 Medowes, enamelled with all sorts 
of *eie-pleasing flowers. _ 1! Gare Crt. Gentiles I. w. 
446 His spirit hath garnished..the Heavens, i.e. decked 
them with those eye-pleasing glorioselights. 1617 Mark- 
HAM Cava. 1. 53 If you preserue your Mare for beautie, and 
*eye-pleasure. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Eye-protectors. 
1880 Miss Broucuton Sec. 7h. 1. xii, The very instant 
he is out of *eye-range. 1622-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. m1. 
(1682) 12 They had so long together lain in *eye-reach. 1839 
Bawtey Festus xx. (1848) 234 *Eye-reasoning man. 1645 
Quvuartes Sol. Recant, v. 23 Full heaps of *eye-rejoicing 
gold. 1818 L. Hunt Foliage, Orig. Poems 28 As on the 
*eye-retorting dolphin’s back That let Arion ride him. 
1791 Cowrer Odyss. 1x. 458 All his *eye-roots crackled 
in the flames. 1657 Reeve Goa’s Plea for Nineveh 
153 All our lip reverence, *eye-search, feet-lackyng, ear- 
bibbing .. scarce bring forth a conspicuous Penitent. 
1871 Patcrave Lyr. Poems 116 The keen torrents of *eye- 
searing light. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlii. (1856) 382 
*Eye-seen growth. 1841-44 Emerson Ess., Hist. Wis. 
(Bohn) I. 10 Whose *eye-sockets are so formed that it would 
oor or for such eyes to squint. 1854 Owen Skel. & 
Teeth (1855) 13 The eye-sockets..are..large, and usually 
with a free and wide intercommunication in the skeleton. 
1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Bks.Wks. (Bohn) III. 90 Laugh- 
ter and blushes and *eye-sparkles of men and women. 1 
Corerivce Relig. Musings iv, Fear, the wild-visaged, ie, 
*eye-starting wretch. 1598 J. DickENson Greene in Conc. 
(1878) 124 Which spoyle their stommacks with vnsauory 
myxtures, thereby to seeme *eye-sweete. 1645 RUTHERFORD 
Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 187 Not only God, but all his 
instruments .. must eye-sweet to us, 1863 Manch. 
Exam. 22 May, The effect of this arrangement is peculiarly 
*eye-sweet’, 1616 W. Forpr Serm. 42 The hearts griefe 
and the *eie-teares must goe together. 179r E. Dar- 
win Bot, Gard. u. 142 The Cherub train .. with wonder 
touch the sliding snail, Admire his *eye-tip’d horns. 
1887 Sat. Rev. 14 May 703/1 Colours worked on highly 
lazed *eye-trying paper. 1891 Daily News 3 Nov. 5/3 
lacidly sharp fat face, puckered *eyeward (asif all gravitat- 
ing towards the eyes). 1840 Hoop Uf? the Rhine 61 This 
aping, and *eye-watering. 1851 H. Metvitte Whale 
i che 113 Such *eye-wrinkles are very effectual in a 
scowl, 


28. Special comb.: + eye-apple, the apple of the 
eye; eye-baby, the image of the spectator seen in 
another’s eye; eye-bar, a steel or iron bar having 
an eye or hole at either end, used in bridges; eye- 
blight, something that blights or dims the eye; 
eye-blink, the twinkling of an eye (cf. BLINK 
sb.2 3); eye-blinking vé/. sb. (cf BLINK v. 6), a 
half-closing of the eye (to what is indecorous) ; 
eye-bone, the bony circle round the eye, the 
orbit ; +eye-brine, tears; + eye-cast, an act of 
casting the eye, a glance or look; eye-copy, a 
copy made by the hand, with the aid of the eye 
only ; eye-dawn, the dawn or first appearance (of 
a feeling) in the eye; +eye-dolp = eye-socket ; 
eye-dot = eye-speck; eye-dotter, a small brush 
used in graining wood in imitation of bird’s-eye 
maple; eye-drop, a tear; eye-end, that end 
of a telescope to which the eye is applied; +eye- 
flap = BLINKER 2 b; teye-form (see earth 
eye-handle (of a spade, etc.), a handle having 
an eye or hole; +eye-hope, hope arising from 
the appearance of a thing; teye-lamp, lamp 
or light of the eye ; eye-lens, the lens nearest 
the eye in an optical instrument; eye-light, (a) 
the light of the eye, (0) a light (candle or lamp) 
for the eye; eye-limpet (see quot.) ; eye-line, 
(a) the field or range of vision, (4) in f/. the 
lines above and below the eye of a bird; eye- 
loop = EvE-HOLE, a loop-hole ; eye-memory (see 
quot.) ; eye and ear-observation (see quot.) ; 
eye-observation, an observation taken by the eye 
alone ; eye-opener, (a) U.S. a draught of strong 
liquor, esp. one taken in the a (6) some- 
thing that throws sudden light on a subject or that 
makes clear what was dark and ambiguous, (c) 
something which causes keen surprise; eye-parley, 
communication by interchange of looks; + eye- 
pearl, a facet in a compound eye; eye-pedicel, 
eye-peduncle, Zoo/, a pedicel or peduncle sup- 
porting an eye; eye-peeper = EyE-LID; eye- 
point = Eyr-spot; eye-probe (see quot.); eye- 


purple (see quot.); eye-rim (see quot.); eye- 
scope = EyE-sHor; eye-seed, in #/. seeds which, 
when blown into the eye, are said to remove 
foreign substances ; + eye (3en)-seke [see SEKE], 
eyesickness; yearning; + eye-set a., set down by 
eye-witnesses, trustworthy ; eye-shade, a shade for 
the eyes, (@) one worn or used as a protection 
from the light ; (4) a hood attached to a microscope 
to prevent the entrance of lateral rays to the eye ; 
+ eye-sick a., affected by things one sees; eye- 
siren (see quot.); eye-sketch = EYE-DRAUGHT ; 
eye-sorrow, (a) suffering through the eye, (4) = 
EYE-SORE; eye-speck, an eye consisting of a 
single speck, a rudimentary eye; eye-stalk, the 
stalk or peduncle supporting the eye ;=eye-pedun- 
cle; eye-star (see quot.); eye-stone, (a) a stone 
resembling an eye, (4) (see quot. 1828); + eye- 
streams, tears ; eye-structure (see quot.) ; eye- 
sucker (see quot.) ; eye-sweep, a survey with the 
eye; eye-trap, something to catch or deceive the 
eye, a specious appearance; eye-trick, a trick of 
the eye, a covert glance; eye-tube, the tube of 
the eye-piece in a telescope ; + eye-vein, a branch- 
vein ; eye-verdict, the evidence of the eyes; eye- 
wages, such wages as eye-service deserves ; eye- 
waiter, one who waits for a look from his master as 
indicative of his will ;= EYE-sERVANT; eye-wash, 
awash or lotion for the eye, also fig. ; eye-wattle, 
a wattle or excrescence near the eye of a bird; 
eye-web, membrane covering the eye (e.g. of a 
mole) ; eye-wise a., wise in appearance ; + eye- 
worm, a worm in the eye, in quot. fig.; eye- 
worship, adoration performed by the eye; eye- 
wright, one who cures eyes. Also, EYE-BALL, 
-BEAM, -BITE, etc. 

1658 A. Fox tr. Wurtz’ Surg. u. ix. 81 If a party hath re- 
ceived a Wound in the Eye Apple. .then. .[etc.] 1890 Coves 
Field & Gen.Ornith.M. iv. 271 Our own reflection, diminished 
to the size of the *‘eye-baby’. 1890 Dasly News 16 Apr. 6/6 
Such important pieces as the *eye-bars of suspension bridges. 
1800 CoteripcE Piccolom. vy. iii, Therefore are they *eye- 
blights, Thorns in your foot-path. 1867 Dixon New A mer. 
I. xii. 143 And in an *eye-blink, Carter fell to the ground 
dead. 1891 Pall Mall G. 29 Oct. 2/1 It is a pity that in 
these days of sham prudery and *eye-blinking such conver- 
sations cannot be reproduced. 1 Hoccrorr Lavater’s 
Physiog. vii. 47 *Eyebones with defined. .firm arches. 1606 
Davies Sir 7. Overbury Wks. (Grosart) 13 The Judge.. 
Powders his wordsin* Eye-brine. 1672 J. Howarp Mad Couple 
u.in Hazl. Dodsley XV. 346 There’s two of them that make 
their love together, By languishing *eye-casts. 1883 I. ‘Tay- 
tor Alphabet iv. § 2 I. 207 An early “eye-copy of a portion 
of the inscription. 1820 Keats Ode to Psyche 20 Tender 
*“eye-dawn of aurorean love. 1513 Douctas mets ut. x. 
15 Off his *E dolp the flowand blude and attir He wische 
away. 1878 M’Kenprick in Encyci. Brit. VIII. 816/ 
Eye-specks or *eye-dots met with in Medusa, Annelida, 
etc. 1 Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. 1. 422 Some grainers 
use small brushes called maple *eye-dotters..for forming 
the eyes. 1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1v. v. 88 That Tyranny. . 
Would. .haue wash’d his Knife With gentle “eye-drops. 1 
Roy in PAil. Trans. LXXX. 154 This piece of mechanism 
in the *eye-end of the telescope. 1878 Lockyer Stargazing 
311 The eye-end changes its position rapidly. 16rx Corer. 
s. v. Ocilleres, A bridle with “eye-flaps for a fore-horse. 1778 
Asn, Eyejlap. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. 1. Def. B ij b, 
A figure moche like to a tunne fourme, saue that it is sharp 
couered [1574 cornered] at both the endes. .and that figure is 
named an “yey [1574 eye] fourme. 1880 Catal. Tool Wks. 
Sheffield 24 The spades above No. 4 have *Eye Handles. 
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 351 *Eye-hopes deceitful proue. 
1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-troth 110 Daigne with your *eye-lamps 
to behold this booke. 1871 Lockyer Elem. Astron. § 468 We 
an inverted image at..the focus of the *eye-lens. 1879 

eEwcoms & Houpen Astron, 63 The eye-lens E receives t 

ncil of rays, and deviates it to the observer's eye. fe 
owrinG Batavian Anthol. sa he brightest of stars is but 
twilight Cag se with that beautiful *eye-light. 1869 J. 
Martineau £ss. II. 378 Eyelight comes out to mingle with 
the daylight that comes in. 1891 Farmer Slang, * Eye-limpet 
an artificial eye. 1839 Bawey Festus (1854) 532 One un- 
limited *eye-line of pure space. 1885 Padd G. 7 Nov. 
4/1 A flycatcher sits lengthwise upon a branch. How 
beautiful..its white eye-lines and forehead. 1866 
Cornh. Mag. Nov. 543 On its walls [may still be traced] the 
*eye-loops for arrows. 1880 Pall Madi G. 20 Mar. 3/2 Closely 
akin to quickness of perception is fe rey or ‘the 
pressing by will on y things which we have seen’, 
1879 Newcoms & Hotpen Astron, 79 *Eye-and-ear observa- 
tion..is .. the part which both the eye and the ear play in 
the sppecation of intervals of time. The ear cat the 
beat of the clock, the eye fixes the star. 1889 Daily News 
i liable ts than 


3 Jan, 5/3 
mere “eye 
(C. D. ed.) $23 That transatlantic dram which is poetically 
named an “eye-opener. 1870 Marx Twain /nnoc. Abr. 
xy. 110 The uneducated foreigner could not even fur- 
nish ..an Eye-Opener. 1879 V. § Q. 15 Feb. 140 His 
nolence of @ cathedral a om 
lence of a cat town. . Hooker in Amer. 
Missionary (N. Y.) April, The ability manifested in 
the discussion .. would have been an Ny De en to Dr. 
Tucker. 1651 Cuarteton Zph. §& Cinem. Matrons n. (1668) 
between Leander and Hero. 1 


in a man’s eye there is a Picture or sensation in’ the 
pedicels snail. 1852 Dana Crust. lL 


of the outer is .. sel the *eye- 
peduncle. 1786 Map. D’Arstay Diary 25 Dec.; When 


te 


are not quite ichonedl,:T Ioble:tisi tie 
W. Crark Van der Hoeven's Zool. 
* int and tail, 1868 Browninc 


mnuske books 


e eye- adapted its 
the orbital muscles. 1891 R. Kir- 
une City Dreadf. Nt. iv. 24 They can declare tru' 


the name of every ship within * . 1886 Britten 
Hoianp Plant-n. 172 stgedants <.tecdebly Salvia Ver- 


*eye-S 
det sight: “aye ae 


_ 
Fd 
8 . 
2 
= 
= 
i 


ACKENZIE t 
hs of the Water, and mark 


i 
E 
g 
$ 
2 


yesorro 
Cycl. Anat. 11. 130/2 The *eye-specks are situated a little 
ed, 1880. Basriax Brain iii. 61 The 
ot ee Oe ee ee oe 
Woopwarp AMollusca (1856) 25 The snail affords a - 
able, 4 familiar instance, when it draws in its *eye- 
. 1880 Huxtey a 24 At the ends of the eye- 
stalks are the organs vision. 1834 SouvtHey Doctor 
Pref. I. 41 So many featherlets leading up to..the gem or 
*eye-star, for which the whole was formed. 1677 Ptor 
Oxfordsh. 129 An Ophthalmites, or some sort of *Eye stone. 
1828 S. F. Gray Suppl. to Pharmacopaia 143 Guernsey eye- 
stone being put into the inner corner of the eye works its way 
out at the outward corner and brings out any strange sub- 
stance with it. 1865 Emanuvet Diamonds, etc. 163 These 
stones [onyx] are also termed by jewellers ‘ eye-stones’, 1594 
Soutuwe.t Mf. Magd. Fun, Teares 85 Would our eyes be so 
dry, if such *eie-streams were behovefull? 1888 F.H. Hatcu 
Gloss. Terms for Rocks 11* Eye-structure. In this structure. . 
the foliated and dary mi ls are arranged in layers 
round the larger original constituents, producing lenticular 
forms which often bear a striking resemblance toeyes. 1744 
Baker in Phil. Trans. XLIII. 35, 1 shall .. distinguish 
it by the Name of *Eye-Sucker, as that Name conveys 
an Idea of the Manner how it lives. 1753 CHAMBERS 
Cycl. Supp., Eye-sucker, a small sea insect, which is 
sometimes found fixed by the snout to the Eyes of sprats. 
1865 E. Burritt Walk to Land's End 440 When you 
have taken your first *eye-sweep, you cannot say which 
i is the fairest. 1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Yuvenile 
ndiscr. (1786) I. 4 The “eye-trap of a good house. 1825 
Blackw. Mag. XViII. 152 A got-up thing—a mere eye- 


trap. 1 Lorio Montaigne ui. v. (1632) 487 Galba.. 
perceiving him and his wife beginne to bandy * os 
332 


and signes. Dottonp in PAil. Trans. 
The *eye-tube Thich contains the wires of the telescope. 
1837 Gorinc & Prircuarp Microgr. 6 The elongation or 
contraction of the length of the body, by means of the 
eye-tube. Raynotp Byrth Mankynde 43 They 
sende into each of the caules innumerable small *eye veynes. 
1657 S. W. Schism Dispach't 198 Dr. H. would persuade 
us to beleeve against our *eye-verdict. 1620 Sa 

Serm. 1. 150 They do Him but eye-service, and He giveth 
them but *eye-wages. a@1734 Norru Lives II. 249 Most 
of them were but *eye-waiters. 1866 Cornh. Mag. Sept. 
361 Not all the hair-pins, and “eye-washes, and affectations 
can equal it. 1884 C. T. Buckianp Sk. Soc. Life [ndia ii. 
45 Most officers of any tact understand the meaning of eye- 
wash, 1889 F. A. Gurnee Pariah 1. i, He came up to me 
with some eyewash or other about our being, neighbours at 
Gorsecombe now. 1868 Darwin Anime. & Pi. 1, vi. 188 
long-beaked carrier, having large *eye-wattles, W.S. 
Ducpate tr. Dante's Purgatorio xvi. 188 which 
thou couldst see no better than a mole does through his 
*eyeweb. 1876 Lowett Poet. Wks. (18; ) 472 When those 
*eye-wise .. shall be lost In the great ts 1s9t Lyty 
Endym. m, iv. 45 Love is but an *eye worme, onely 
tickleth the head with hopes. a 1674 Micron Prose Wks. 
(Jod.), *Eye-worship. 1656 Hevun Surv. France 28 My 
hostess. . perswaded me to this holy “eye-wright. 


+ Eye, st.2 Ovs. [Used erroneously for Nyx, 
neye; a age =an eye. Cf. Apper, Eyas, etc.] 
A brood (of pheasants). 


€ Bk. Hawkyngin Rel. Ant, 1. 296, 1 have founde a 
covey of pertrch «and eye of fesaunts 1579 E. K. Gloss. 
‘s 


S 

eric. (1681) 2 as a “s 
..place » loose, circular-wise. & 
Beaker Foon Dict. ay. Pheasant. re 

+ Bye, sb.8 Obs. rare—'. In 5 pl. eyen. (Of 
doubtful meaning: perh. some error.) 


Zit, and fig. Obs. 
1583 Stanynurst Aeveis tv. (Arb.) 102 Eyest thou this 
? 1632 J. Havwarvtr. Biondi's Eromena 77 Never 
her life-time ever eyed the Princesse a more pleasing 
spectacle. 1655 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm. 1. 64 They .. who 
in the performing of divine d 


not God through 

them. 1725 Pore a3; X. qo The paths of gods what 
mortal can survey ae gee 1779 J. New- 
Ton in O Hymns 1. 0. 58 His heart revives, if cross 
look 


EYEABLE, 


suspicion, wonder, etc.). Zo eye askance, askant: 
see ASKANCE, ASKANT. 

1566 T. Srarteton Ret. Untr. Jewel w. 148 Gentle 
Reader ! Eye M. Jewel wel. 1610 Suaxs. Temp. ut. i. 40 
Full many a Lady I haue ey’d with best regard. 1682 Sir 
T. Browne Chr. Mor. 12 Eye well those heroes who have 
held their heads above water. 1725 Pore Odyss. xvi. 

3 They..eye the man, majestic in distress. 1797 Mrs. 
ices Ttalian xvii, They eyed the prisoners with 
curiosity. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, The public.. 
were eyeing. .the empty platform. 1848 M. ArnoLp 7%7s- 
tram & Iseult Poems (1877) 215 The knights eyed her in 
surprise. 1883 W. C. Russet Sea Queen III. xii. 271 My 
father eyed her askant. 

Jig. 1689 Hickerincitt The Ceremony-Monger Wks. (1716) 
II. 437 Eying nothing of. .the Beauties of the Mind. 

+b. To look upon, regard as (so and so). Ods. 

1659 W. Brovcu Sacr. Princ. 240 Eying men as mortal 
and mutable. 1673 Janeway Heaven on E. (1847) 67 We 
do not sufficiently eye God as the fountain. .of all our ex- 
cellency. 

8. To keep an eye on; to observe narrowly. 

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) or At one time or 
other I have..eyed the demeanours, issues and dispositions 
of sundry humors. 1611 Biste x Sam. xviii. g And Saul 
eyed Dauid from that day. 1639 Futter Holy War w. 
xxvi. (1647) 215 It being good to eye a suspicious person. 
1667 Perys Diary (1877) V. 385, I observed my wife to eye 
my eyes whether I did ever look upon Deb. 1672 Sir 
Browne Lett, Friend (1712) 33 In consumptive Diseases 
some eye the Complexion of Moles. 1725 Pore Odyss. xu. 
36 He sat, and ey’d the sun, and wished the night ; Slow 
seemed the sun to move. 1797-1804 Bewick Brit. Birds 
(1847) I. 139 He. .succeeded in eyeing the bird to the distant 

assage..by which it entered and left its nest. 1812 H. & 
i: Situ Rey. Addr. xiii. (1873) 120, I’ve stood and eyed the 

uilders. 1877 H. A. Pace De Quincy I. iv. 81 Had eyed 
the lad hovering about the house. : 

+4. To have orkeep in view; to aim at (a mark). 
Of an expression, text, etc.: To refer to. Obs. 

1590 SPENSER /. Q. 1. iv. 7 The aymed marke, which he 
had eide. 1594 West 2nd Pt. Symbol. § 219 In which are 
chiefly to be eyed the matter and forme. 1621-31 Laup 
Sev. Serm. (1847) 34 The letter of the psalm reads David.. 
the spirit of the psalm eyes Christ. 1625-8 tr. Camden's 
Hist. Eliz. ut. (1688) 367 God, whom alone I eyed and re- 
spected. 1659 Futter Aff. [nj Innoc. (1840) 563 This 
my expression did eye another person. 1669 Penn No Cross 


xxii. § 3 Let the Glories of another World be ey’d. 1771 
Westey Wks, (1872) V. 201 Therefore, eye him in all. 
+5. intr. a. To look or appear to the eye. b. 


To have an eye Zo, look 40. Obs. 
1606 SHaxs. Ant. & CZ. 1. iii. 97 My becommings kill me, 
when they do not Eye well to you. 1627-77 FertHam Ke- 
solves 1. xiv. 22 As if one were, for the contentment of this 
life ; and the other, eying to that of the life to come. 
II. 6. rans. To furnish with eyes, in senses 20 
and 21 of the sb. 

1854 T. Morratt Needle-making 30 In that [stage] of 
eying..4,000 [needles] per hour are. .easily produced. 1867 

. Francis Angling i. (1880) 48 On the tails eye hang a 
triangle also eyed. 1883 Harper's Mag. 933/1 The ends 
of the strands are ‘eyed’. : 

Hence Bye'ing v0/. sb., the action of the vb. Eye. 

a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 3 A wise eying of 
the hand of God in all we find to bear hard upon us. 

Hye, obs. form of Awz, Ecc. 

Eyeable (2i:ab’!), a. [f. Eve v.+-apix.] That 
may be seen by the eye; also, that may be looked 
upon with pleasure ; sightly. 

1839 Baitey Festus (1852) 458 The furthest things on all 
sides eyeable Are village temples tapering to the skies. 
1887 Times (weekly ed.) 19 Aug. 12/1 They take very good 
care to make their goods ‘eyeable’ and attractive to 
purchasers. 1890 Sat. Rev. 13 Sept. 327/2 Dr. Hime has 
spared no pains in making the pages eyeable. 

ryeass, obs. form of Eyas. 

hy Sapp (ai-bgl). [f. Eve sb.1+Batu.] = Ball 
of the eye. @. The apple or pupil. b. The eye 
itself within the lids and socket. 

_ & 1592 Suaxs. Ven. § Ad. 119 Hold up thy head : Look 
in mine eye balls. 1607 Heywoop Wom. Kilde Wks. 1874 
II. ror Your companie is as my eie-ball deere. 1614 Braum. 
& Fi. Wit at Sev. Weapons 1. i, The brow of a Military 
face may not be offensive to your generous eyeballs, @ 18: 
Praep Poems (1864) Il. 397 A fitful light in his pe | 
listened. 1871 R. Extis Catulius \xiv. 219 Ere .. these 

‘imly lit eye-balls Feed to the full on thee. 

_ b. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N. i. ii. 369 Crush this hearbe 
into Lysanders eie, Whose liquor hath this vertuous pro- 
ie, To. .make his eie-bals role with wonted sight. 1668 

RYDEN Jud. Enip.u.i, I feel .. my eyeballs rowl. 1798 
Coteripce Axc, Mar. vi. xx, Their stony eye-balls glitter’d 
on Inthe red and smoky light. 1802 Homein Phil. Trans, 
XCII. 354 The eye-lid is very loose upon the eye-ball. 1866 

GsLEY Herew, xv. 214 An arrow was in his eyeball. 1876 

Foster Phys. ut. ii. 503 The eyeball is moved by six muscles. 

Eye-beam(i'b7:m). [f. Eyp sd.1+ Bram] A 
beam or glance of the eye. 

1588 Suaxs. LZ. L. L. 1. iii. 28 So sweete a Kisse the 
ome -Sun giues not..As thy eye beames. a 1639 T. 

‘AREW To a Lady, Through those Crystalls our soules 
flitting, Shall a pure wreathe of eye-beames twine. 1788 
Mrs. A. M. Bennett Yuvenile Indiscr. (786) IL. 212 Her 


485 


Hence + Bye-biter, one who ‘eye-bites’. + Bye- 
biting v/. sb. and f//. a. 

1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher, m1, xv. 50 The Irishmen. . 
terme one sort of their witches eybiters. 1585 J, Hiccins 
tr. Junius’ Nomenclator 427 Fascinus, a bewitching or 
eye-biting. 1656 T. Avy Candle in Dark u. 104 Calling 
them eye-biting witches. 

Bye-bolt (oi'bault). [f Eve sd.1+ Boxr sb.] A 
bolt or bar having an eye at one end, to receive 
a hook, ring, etc. 

1769 Smeaton in Brand Newcastle (1789) II. App. 586 The 
stones may be laid hold of by eye-bolts fixed in holes bored 
with a jumper. 1794 Rigging § Seamanship 1. 35 They 
are mostly fitted at a .Sprig-eye-bolt driven in the middle 
of their ends. 1859 F. A. Grirrirus Artill. Man. (1862) 
116 They hook the fixed blocks to the eye-bolts. 

Eye-bree. [f. Eye s/.! + Bree sb] 

+a. = Eye-Lip. Obs. +b. = EYE-LASH. Obs. 
c. =EyeE-Brow. Oés. exc. Sc. and dial. 

@. c1000 Sax. Leechd. 1. 352 Niwe gate cyse ofergeseted 
mid ba eagbrewas. c1300 Song agst. Retinues in Pol. 
Songs (Camden) 239 Sene is on is browe Ant on is e3e- 
brewe, That [etc.]. 1562 Turner Herbal u. 137b, The 
juice of it [mustarde]..is good. .for the roughnes of the ey- 
brees. 1604 ‘I. WricHt Passions 1. vii. 29 The fornication 
of a woman shall be knowen by the lifting vp of her eyes, 
and in her eye-bries. 1617 Marxuam Cavad. v. 17 All 
those long and stiffe haires which growe close aboue his 
vpper eye-brees. 1787 in Grose Provinc. Gloss., Suppl. 

1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Hush. (1586) 117 A horse 
when he eataues to be olde, his temples waxe hollowe, his 
eye bries gray. 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 67 Into the same 
hue do they dy their eie-breis, and eye-browes. 

c. 1776 Herp Scot. Songs I. 210 And the sweat it dropt 
down Frae my very eye-brie. a 1803 Jamieson Water- 
Kelpie 43 (in Scott instr.) OF filthy gar his ee-brees war. 
1862 Dialect of Leeds 257 ‘Ee-brees’, eyebrows. Mod. Sc. 
He is dirt up to the very ee-brees. 

Eyebright (aibroit), a. and sé. [f. Eve 56.1 + 
Bricur.] 

+ A. adj. Bright to the eye, clear. Obs. rare". 

1607 Lingua u. v.in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 381 The shooting 
stars, Which in an eye-bright evening seem to fall. 

B. sb. 1. The popular name of the plant 
Euphrasia officinalis, formerly in repute as a 
remedy for weak eyes ;= EUPHRASY. 

1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 11 b, Thynges good for the 
eyes: Eyebryght: Fenell. 1585 Lioyp reas. Health xii. 
E vij, Take of the wood of Aloes, of eybright [etc.]. 1612 
Drayton Poly-olb. xiii. 202 He Fumitorie gets, and Eye- 
bright for the eye. 1671 Satmon Syn. Med. m1. xxii. 399 
Eye bright. .strengthens the head, eyes and memory, clears 
the sight. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 79 Eyebright flowers 
in June. 1758 Mrs. Derany Life § Corr. III. 507 The 
purple vetch and eyebright soften the golden furs and glow- 
ing heath. 1 C. A. Jouns Week at Lizard 271 We find 
.. eye-bright with thick fleshy leaves. 1883 R. ‘TurNeER in 
Gd. Words Dec. 790/2 The pretty little Eyebright..had at 
one time a great reputation as an eye-clearer. 

b. attrib. Prepared from euphrasy. Also in 
names of other plants or medicaments used as 
remedies for weak sight. 

1597 Gerarp Herbal 1. Ixii. § 3. 85 Eiebright Cow 
wheate. 1616 Suret. & Marku. Country Farme 43 Drinke 
euerie morning a small draught of Eye-bright wine. 1648 
Hunting of Fox 39 The Eye-bright water of Repentance. 
1656 RipGLrey Pract. Physick 118 Ey-bright oyl made of 
the flowers of Succory. 1747 WrsLey Print. Physic (1762) 
60 Use Eye bright Tea daily. 1884 Mitrer Plant-n., Eye- 
bright Cow-wheat, The genus Bartsia. é 

+2. 2°A kind of ale in Elizabeth’s time’ (La- 
tham). Ods. 

1610 B. Jonson Adch. v. i, Men and women. .[have] been 
seen to flock here..In days of Pimlico and Eye-bright. 

Eyebrow (ai‘brau). [f. Eye sd.1+ Brow. Not 
in OE., which had only éagbréw EYE-BREE.] 

1. The fringe of hair along the upper orbit of 
the eye, more or less arched in appearance. 

1585 J. Hicorns tr. Funius’ Nomenclator 27 Supercilium, 
the ridge of haire aboue the eye lids or the eye browes. 1600 
Suaxs. A. Y. LZ. nu. vii. 149 The Louer, with a wofull ballad 
Made to his Mistresse eye-brow. 1691 Ray Creation u. 
(1692) 32 Above stand the Eye-Brows, to keep any thing 
from running down upon the eyes. 1741 Monro Anat. 
Nerves se 3) 79 An arched Ridge is extended, on which 
the Eye-brows are placed. 1813 Scorr 7viermain 111. xxvi, 
Shade thine eyebrows withthine hand. 1860 Froupe Hist. 
Eng. V1. 276 He had the arched eyebrow. . of the beautiful 

lantagenet face. owe 

b. fl. Artificial imitations of the same, app. 
made of monse-skin. 

1703 Strete Tend. Husb. ut. i, Pr’y thee, wench, bring 
me my black eyebrows out of the next room. 1718 Prior 
Another Reas. — Poems 270 The Slattern had left 
in the Hurry..Her Lady’s Complexion and Eyebrows at 

ais. — On the same Poems 271 If we don’t catch a 
Mouse To-night, Alas! no Eye-brows for To-morrow. 

2. Anat. (see quot. 1840), 

1806 Med. Frnil. XV. 208 ‘The organ of finding and re- 
collecting places manifested itself strongly in the corners of 
his eye-brows. 1840 G. Exttis Anat. 74 The eyebrows.. 
are two curved prominences formed by the orbicularis and 


eye beams shoot through my soul. 1841-4 ‘SS. 
Ser. 1. vi. (1876) 155 Read the lang of these dering 
eye- a 

+ Eye-bite, v. Obs. rare. [f, Eve sb.1+ BitEv.] 
trans..To bewitch with the eye. 

1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. 1. xv. 50 The Irishmen. . 
affirme, that not onelie their children, but their cattell are.. 
eyebitten, when they fall suddenlie sicke. 1658 Purvuirs, 
Eyebite, to fascinate or bewitch by a certain evil influence 
from the eye. 1721-1800 in BaILey. 


nS 


3. Arch. a. A moulding over a window. b. 
(See Rr 1842). 

1703 I. N. City § C. Purchaser 5 Annulet..in Architec- 
ture..a..Tince, Eye-brow. 1832 tr. Tour wt. Prince 
IV. iv. 162 Hatfield is built of brick; only the eyebrows of 
the windows. .&c. are of stone. 1842 Gwitt Archit. Gloss. 
971 E , a name sometimes given to the fillet. 

4. attrib. and Comé. 

1718 Prior Another Reas. Affliction Poems 270 Her Eye- 


EYEGLASS. 


brow-Box one Morning lost. 1760 Goins. Cit. W. (1840) 

Your nose-borers .. eyebrow-pluckers, would all want 

read. 1854 Hooker imal. ¥rnis. 1. iii. 66 Prominence 
of eyebrow region. 

Hence Eye’browed a., furnished with eyebrows ; 
transf. (of a hill), having a growth of trees re- 
sembling an eyebrow. Eye’browless a., without 
eyebrows. 

1833 J. Hopcson in J. Raine AZem. (1858) II. 314 Steep 
scars, fringed and eye-browed with wild natural wood. 1859 
Jeruson Brittany i. 2 Flock of white-eyebrowed goats. 
1868 Dickens Uncomm. Trav. xxv, Those four male 
personages. .complexionless and eyebrowless. 1884 J7Ziss. 
Herald Sept. 375 They never yet had heard of such a thing 
as an eyebrowless child. 

Eyebrow, v. [f. prec. sb.] tans. a. To 
frown (a person) owt of; in quot. with zzdtrect 
pass. b. To provide with (distinct) eyebrows. 

1837 T. Hoox Yack Brag xix, Rougeing,  aipeae ts -eye- 
browing, and all concomitant stage tricks. 1876 Mrs. 
Whitney Sights & Jus. iii. 15, I find it is only the unusual 
things. .that you are eyebrowed out of. 

Eyed (eid), g//.a. [f. Eyre sb.1+-Ep*.] 

1. Furnished with eyes. 

©1374 Cuaucer Jroylus 1.1459 Youre father is in sleighte 
as Argus eyed. c1430 Lypc. Bochas Prol. (1544) 54 A 
prince..Eyed as a tigre with reason and foresight. 1553 
Even 77cat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 15 An Elephant. .is .. eyed 
lyke a swine. 1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. Sept. 203 For 
Roffy is wise, andas Arguseyed. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power 
Parl. App. 154 He who even now seemed eyed, eared, 
strong and flourishing ; will suddenly wax blind, deafe, and 
fall to nothing. 1832 Tennyson (none 196 A wild and 
wanton pard, Eyed like the evening star. 

Jig. 1869 R. Lytton Orval 117 The eyed air Sees not. 

b. With adj. prefix, as Argus-, blue-, fierce-, 
hollow-, two-, wet-eyed: see the adjs. 

+e. Gifted with sight, clear-sighted, sharp- 
sighted. Also fig. Wide awake Zo. Ods. 

1584 1. Bastarp Chrestoleros (1880) 82 Men .. Eyde to 
their profit, but blinde to their paine. 1596 Spenser /. Q. 
1V. ili. 7 ‘They were both so watchfull and well eyde, That 
[etc.]. 1618 Row.anps Sacred AM/em. 45 Borne blind they 
knew .. And most miraculous, now perfect ey'd. 1632 J. 
Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 87 A god, though blinde, 
yet eyed sufficiently to spie out two spirits. 

2. Furnished with an eye. Cf. EYE 20, 21. 

1804 ABERNETHY Sug. Observ. 215 By means of an eyed 
probe. 1886 Academy 22 May 358/2 Mr. Hall invented 
eyed-hooks [in fly-fishing]. f 

3. Marked or ornamented as with eyes; dappled, 
spotted. Lyed Hawk-Moth (Smerinthus Ocella- 
tus): a moth of the family Sphingide. 

1815 SHELLEY Alastor 450 Soft mossy lawns..eyed with 
blooms. 182x Keats Lamia 50 Eyed like a peacock. 1825 
Berry Encycl. Herald. 1., Eyed ..a term used in speaking 
of the variegated spots in the peacock’s tail. 1843 West- 
woop Brit. Moths 1.7 Smerinthus Ocellatus. The Eyed 
Hawk-Moth. 1878 BrowninG Poets Croisic 53 That which 
perks and preens The eyed wing. 1889 in Ervin Dict. 
Heraldry. 

Eye-draught. [f. Eyr sd.1+Dravucut.] A 
drawing or plan made by the eye, not by actual 
measurement. 

1773 Gentl. Mag. 265 Eye Draught of the Solway Moss. 
1793 SMEATON Edystone L.§ 20 note, The print. .appears to 
be made from an Eye Draught. 1823 P. NicnoLson Pract. 
Build. 170 To take the dimensions of a place .. make an 
eye-draught. 1875 Proctor Exfanse Heav. 273 The stars 
.. being copied by eye-draughts from the charts. 

Eye'ful, sd. [f. Eve sé.1+-run.] a. Asmuch 
as the eye can take in at once. b. A minute quan- 
tity; a wink (of sleep). 

1832 J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 865 We prefer a 
miniature picture of the Swiss Giantess to the giantess her- 
self—an eyeful for one to an armful for ten. 1860 READE 
Cloister & H. 11. 37 You drop off again, and get about an 
eyeful of sleep : lo, it is tinkle, tinkle, for matins. 1876 D. 
Stevenson in Gd. Words 687 [We] with large eye-fuls took 
the landscape in. . 

Eye‘ful, 2. Ods. exc. dial. [f. EvE sb.1+-Fut.] 
+a. Plainly to be seen. b. Careful; observant. 

¢ 1611 CHAPMAN //iad x. 396 He hung them up aloft upon 
a tamarisk bough As eyeful trophies. 1855 Rosinson Whitby 
Gloss. s.v., ‘ He’s varry eeful over his brass’, he is careful in 
laying out his money. ‘ Be eeful’, mind what you are about. 

Bye: lass (ai'glas), sb. [f. Eve sd.1+ Guass.] 
+1. The crystalline lens of the eye. Ods. 

x6rr Suaks. Wint, T.1. ii. 268 Your eye-glasse Is thicker 
then a Cuckolds Horne. 

2. A glass to shield or protect the eye. 

1823 J. Bavcock Dom, Amusem. 65 Wearing a visor with 
eye-glasses in it. wae ; 

3. +a. A magnifying glass, a microscope (ods.). 
pb. In mod. use, a lens of glass or crystal for as- 
sisting defective sight. Dowdle eye-glass, ( pair of) 
eyeglasses ; two such lenses mounted side by side so 
as to assist the sight of both eyes; the name is by 
usage restricted to a pair of lenses to be held in 
the hand or kept in position bya spring on the 
nose ; those which are secured by pieces of metal 
placed over the ears being called spectacles. 

*767 Harmer in Phil. Trans. LVII. 283, I have often 
found, by the help of an eye-glass, that. . oo over great 
multitudes of eggs. 1807 Dzrector 1. 233 He uses his eye- 
glass more than his prayer-book. 1859 G. Merepitn_&. 
Feverel xxix, Eyes are bearable, but eye-glasses an abomina- 
tion. 1863 Miss Brappon Zveanor’s Vict. (1878) I. ii. 
17 The old man fgg a double gold eyeglass over his nose, 
‘and began to read. 1883 F; M. Pearp Contrad, xxvii, She 


EYEGLASS. 


fancied there had been something of the eye-glass manner 
about him. 1883 F. M. Crawrorp Dr, Claudius iii, She 
wore rimmed 


4. The lens at that end of any optical instrument 
to which the eye is applied. 

ran Fae hang? ode # euseth tase E vs esr yy tm 

REGORY in ‘orr. Sci. Men 
Beq:) Tas og teed eyeg! 1704 NEwTon 
Opticks 1.1. viii. (1721) 92 A Latag 4 i Perspective. .made 
with a concave Eyeglass. 1782 ISDEN in PAil, Trans. 
(2783) LXXIIL. us we have a system of eye-glasses 
which may be taken out of the telescope. 1816 J. Smita 
Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 484 The focal distance of the eye- 
oe 1837 Gorinc & Pritcuarp Microgr. 56 The solar 
focus of its eye-glass. J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 31 The 
other to magnify this image, and from being next the eye of 
the observer, called the eye-glass. La 

5. A glass adapted for the application of reme- 
dies to the eye. 

1842 Dunctison Mod, Lex., Eye Glass, Scaphium ocu- 
fare, 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex., Eye-glass, a hollow cup- 
shaped glass for applying lotions to the eye. — : 

Hence Eyeglassed a., furnished with an eye- 
glass or eyeglasses. 

1848 CLoucH Bothiet.9 Noble ladies. . Bowing their eye- 
glassed brows. 1891 M. E. Mann Winter's Tale 11. 11. iv. 
181 The eyeglassed young man. 

Eyeglass, v. vave—'. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To 
look at through an eyeglass. 


oe): Banton Anglo-/rish 11. 221 Miss Gore..employed 
herself. .in eye-glassing Gerald. 


Eyehole (ai-hdul), [f. Eve sd.1+Hoe.] a. 
The cavity or socket containing the orbit of the 
eye. b. A hole to look through. . dial. (See 


quot.) 

a. 1637 RutHerrorp Left, Ixxxviii. (1862) I. 227 Let 
their eyes rot in their eye-holes, who will not receive Him 
home again. 185§ Robinson IVAithy Gloss., Een-holes, the 
eye-sockets. 1888 J. SHALLow Templars Trials 68 Wheat 
grows through the eyeholes of the skull. 

b. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. xxx. 406 A small eye-hole 
. enabled the in-dwellers to peep out. 1863 Sata Breakfast 
in Bed (1864) 286 A crumpled bit of pasteboard covered 
with black silk, with two eyeholes and a fringe of sham lace, 
1878 Lockyer Stargazing 47 The stars were observed... 
through an eyehole, sliding on a fixed arc. 

c. 1884 Hortranp Gloss. Chester (E.D.S.), Eye-hole, 
the depressions in a potato from which the buds spring. 
1887 in Dartincton Folk-speech S. Cheshire (E.D.S.\. 

Eye-lash (ai lef). [f. Eve s3.1+Lasu.] a. The 
row or line of hairs fringing the edge of the eye-lid. 
b. A single hair from the same. 

1752 Sir J. Hive Hist, Anim. 535 Even the eyelashes [of 
the Simia] are like ours. 1777 Rosertson “ist, Amer. I, 
68 Their ..eye-lashes are of the same hue. 1813 Scotr 
Rokeby w.v, The eye-lash dark, and downcast eye. 1836 
Toop Cycl. Anat. I. 306/2 Few birds .. possess eye-lashes. 
1860 TyNDALL Géac. 11. i. 235 Looking through their fingers 
or their eyelashes. 1883 //arfer’s Mag. Sept. 646/2 She 
fought him [Sleep] to the last eye-lash. : 

Hence Eye-lashed /f/. a., provided with eye- 
lashes ; in quot. ¢ramsf. 

1854 Syp. Dosett Balder i. 5 Little window in the wall, 
Eye-lashed with balmy sprays of honeysuckle. 

+ Eyelast, Eye'list. Sc. Os. [?f. Evx sé.1 
+ME. lest, Jast fault.] 

1. A flaw, deformity, defect. 

159 R. Bruce Serm. Bviij, The last eyelast that 
appeareth in this denunciatioun is this. 1606 Sc. Acts Yas. 
VI (1816) 357 Ony defaulte or Eilest, be be quhilk the richt 
or corpo of the saidis landis may be challangeit. 1610 
J. Metvitt Diary (1842) 761 They fand thrie or four 
dangerous eyelistis that they could not digest. 1624 CaL- 
perwoop Ef. Chr, Brother 12 The uncomely eye-lasts re- 
quired to be introduced upon the sound work of this Sacra- 
ment, 2768 Ross Helenore 142 From any ee-list I’m free. 

2. A grievance, grudge ; ill-will, malice. 

1584 J. Carmicnaet in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 415 To 
repare all bygane elistis. 1595 in Pitcairn Crim. Trials 1. 
349 All and sindrie personis amangis quhome deidlie feid 
and eleist is presentlie standing. 1644 D. Hume Hist. 
Douglas 87 These two lived after ,, without suspition, 
grudge, or eye-list on either partie. 

Eyeless (ai'lés), a. [f. Erz s4.1+-.xss.] 

1, Without eyes. a. Of certain animals: Having 

no eyes, b. Of a needle: Made without an eye. 
ce. Of a plant, etc.: Without buds. 
_.1570 in Levins rimon ot. @x822 Suettey Assassins 
ii, in Ess. §& Lett. (Camelot) 171 The eyeless worms of earth. 
1848 CarrenteR Anim. Phys. 12 In..the great cave of 
Kentucky are found numerous small eyeless fishes, 187% 
Atheneum 26 Aug. 275 Paris has sewers, and strange, eye- 
less. .beings swarm through them. | 

2. Deprived of*the eyes, having the eyes removed. 

1592 Suaxs. Rom. § Ful. v. iii. 126 What Torch is yond 
that vainely lends his light To grubs, and eyelesse Sculles? 
1605 -— Lear ui, vii. | Turne out that eyelesse Villaine. 
1671 Mitton Samson 38 Ask for this t del 
and find him Eyeless in Gaza. ope Odyss. Xi. 145 
The vengeance vowed for eyeless Polypheme. 1812 Byron 
Ch, Har, u. vi, Through each lack-lustre, eyeless hole. 
1857 Wuitrier Poems, Wife of Manoah 15 An eyeless 
captive. 1866 Kincs_ey //erew. xv. 194, 1 am haunted with 
spectres eyeless and handless, - ¢ 

3. Blind, sightless. a, Without eyes or eyesight, 
lit. and fig. b. Not using the eyes, undiscrimi- 
nating ; without aid from the eyes. 

1627-47 Fe.tuam Resolves 164 The eye-lesse night, 1717 
Appison tr. Ovid's Met, m1. 625 Pentheus only durst deride 
‘The Cheated People, and their Eyeless Guide. 1766 G. 
Canning Anti-Lucretius 1, 227 (He) for a pilot eyeless 


iverer now, 


i a, 


: 486 


Chance employ’d. Cary Dante, P. xu. 6) 
As never beam Of —- visiteth the fron aga Fa 


id. 
‘ondorcet Crit. Misc, (1878) 73 The fortuitous vagaries of 
an eyeless destiny. 1877 Morris Sigurd ut. 278 The 
hungry eyeless sword. 

4. Not to be reached by the eye. rare. 

1839 Baitey Festus (1848) 17/2 Like stars .. They shall 
ever pass at all but eyeless distance. 

+ By-elest. Ots. Also 3 gielest. [:—OE. 
*egeltest, £. egeleds AWELESS.] Fearlessness. 

¢ 1275 Lay. 19291 Hii dude ofte onwreste al for heye-leste 
[c 1205 zie-leste]. 

Eyelet (ei'lét),sd. Forms: 4 oilet, 5 oylette, 
olyet, -tte, 7 eielet, eylet, 7- eyelet. [ME. 
oilet, a. Fr. willet, dim. of wi/ eye: the mod. form 
is influenced by association with Eye and -LEr.] 

a. A small round hole in cloth, sail-cloth, 
etc., worked like a button-hole for the pautge of 
a lace, ring, or rope; also EyELET-HOLE. b. A 
short metal tube, having its ends flattened for the 
same purpose. 

1382 Wycur £.x, xxvi. 5 The curtyn shal haue fifti oiletis 
in either parti. 16z1 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. $9 
At euery Eylet the Needle left hanging by the silke. 1627 


EYE-PIT. 


ing which commanded the room. Latest Ne Oct. 
15 Scarcely any of the helmets Pe gine 2 4 mong the 
viser was in left ly Se 

“ WTHORNE /, § Jt. Frnis. 1. 606 Embrasures 
for guns and eyelet holes for musketry. 1879 Sir G. Scorr 
Lect, Archit. 1. 260 In a fortification external windows 
must be wholly avoided or reduced to mere 

3. nonce-use = EYEHOLE a. 

«1845 Hoop Yack Hall xix, Death. .gave a wink, As well 
as et holes can blink. 

Hence Bye'let-hole v. a. in/r. To make eye- 
let-holes. b. trans. To make eyelet-holes in; to 
pierce through and through; to riddle, Bye‘let- 
holed 4//.a., furnished with eyelet-holes. Bye'- 
let-ho:ling w/. sh. 

1747 Gentil, Mag. Feb. 71 These lovers are to eylet-hole 

iss Biddy’s presence. 1g90 Barwick Disc. 


one in 
| Manuall Weapons 21 Met holed dublets very easie, 


Carr. Smitu Seaman's Gram. v. "3 Drawing a ae 3 thorow | 


a blocke or oylet to runne vp and down. a1764 Lioyp 7o 


G. Colman, Peeping the curtains eyelet through. 


transf, 1805 Worpsw. Prelude vu. Wks. (1888) 288/1 Wind- | 
ing up his mouth .. into an orifice .. a lurking eyelet, small | 


and only not invisible. ; 
2. An aperture or loophole for observation ; 
rarely for the discharge of missiles. 


©1440 Pronip. Parv., Olyet, hole yn in a walle. c14s0 | 


Loneticn Grail xiv. 630 Forto han smeten him .. Thorwh 
the oylettes ofhis helm. 1848 THackeray Van. Fair Ixiii, 
A woman..with a black mask on, through the eyelets of 
which her eyes twinkled strangely. 1851 Turner Dom. 
Archit. 1. vii. 336 In which there are loop-holes or eylets 
for arrows. 1858 BusHNnELL Nat. & Supernat. iii. (1864) 65 
Eyelet of observation. 

3. A small eye. /it. and fig. 

I W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. V11. 139 With eyelets, 
hate fat flesh squeez’d together. 1835, Tait, 's Mag. 11.379 
Wicked eyelets, wicked mouth, Face me fairly, tell me 
truth! 1848 Harpy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 11. 335 Eye- 
lets (oceddi) two, small, black. 1876 Harpy Hand Ethelb. 
II. xlvi. 233 They could discern eyelets of light. 

+b. A small eye or bud ofa plant or tree. Ods. 

1600 SurFLET Countrie Farme vi. vi. 737 If it [the vine 
stock] haue put forth any eielet, you may rub it off with 
your finger. 1616 Surri. & Marku. Country Farme 348 
Shoots. . full of sappe, hauing grosse and thicke-set eyelets. 

4. attrib, and Comb. 

1864 WensteEr, £ye/et-ring, a small ring of metal, ivory, 
&c, inserted in an eyelet to prevent wearing. 1874 KnicHT 
Dict. Mech., Eyelet-punch, a device used at the desk for 
attaching papers together b —-. 1880 Catal, Tool 
Wks. Sheffield 80 Best bright Eyelet Closing Pliers. 1883 
Harper's Mag. 813/2 It is a mere eyelet slit of a strait, 

Bye'let (ai'lét), v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To 
make eyelets in: /’¢. and fig. 

1832 Gen. P. THompson E-rerc. (1842) I1. 323 The cockneys 
. -eyeleted the royalists at Brentford in 1642, 

Hence Eye‘leted f//. a. Eye'leting vi/, sd. 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Eyeleting-machine, a machine 
for attaching eyelets to garments and other objects. 1885 
Newnatt in Harfer’s Mag. Jan. 286/2 ene ree 
ing machine, foot-power, 189r Ch. Times 27 Fe' sol 
Advt., [A card]. .eyeleted for hanging up. od. Eyelet 
luggage-labels, 

Eyeleteer (ailéties). [f. prec. sb, + -EER.] 
(See quot.) 

1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Eyeleteer, a stabbing instrument 
of the work-table, to pierce eyelet-holes. 

Eyelet-hole (ai-lét,hul), sd. Forms: 6 ilet-, 
6-7 oylet-, 6-9 eylet-, 7 eylot-, ilot-, oilet-, 7-8 
ey(e)lid-, 8 eilet-, 9 oilete-, 7— eyelet-. [f. 
EYELET sb. + Hoxe.] 

1. =Evexer 1a; alsoa hole for inserting a metal 
eyelet (see EYELEr 1 b). 

1580 Nortn Plutarch (1676) 573 A Brigandine made of 
many folds of Canvas with Oylet-holes. 1s99 A. M. tr. 
Gabelhouer’s Bk, Physicke 184/2 The thong must lye. .on the 
rupture, which must on both his sydes have 2 eyletholes. 
xd Carr. Smrtu Seaman's Gram. vii. 31 The eylot holes 
of the saile. 1658 A. Fox tr. Wurts’ Surg. u. xxiv. 144 
Splinters made .. with fitting fillets and bands, on which 
there are small eylid holes. 1743 Zottman in PAil. Trans, 
XLIL. 365 A sort of Boat of Turkey Leather. .with.. Eilet- 
holes for receiving Hooks, ate Fatconer Shifwr, 1. 
The reef-lines next .. Through eyelet-holes .. were reev: 
1850 CartyLe Latter-d. se Downing Street 45 This 
poor tailor’s-bodkin, hardly adequate to bore an eylet-hole. 
1861 Pearson Early §& Mid. Ages Eng. 206 Wool and flax, 
with silk for the lappets and the eyelet holes, were the com- 
ie mee Po A Wom. Abingd. Soc.) 

transf, 1599 Porter Angry Wom. Abii , ee 
132 Twill bea while ere you wish your skin full of ilet 
holes. 164 orp P, Warbeck u. iii, Or let my skin be 
punch’d full of oylet-holes with the bodkin of derision. 

2. a. A small hole for the purpose of obser- 
vation. b. A hole or slit for the discharge of 
missiles. F 

&. 1797-1803 Foster in Life § Corr. 1846 I. 178 An 
eyelet-hole, through which I ied visions ing 
beauty. 1848 W. H. Ainswortn Lanc. Witches 1. x, Nor 
was aie long in discovering a small eyelet-hole in the carv- 


| 


Dickens Chimes 63, I introduced pinking and He se 
among the men. 


Byeliad, obs. var, of OEILLADE. 
elid (ai'lid). [f. Eye sd.) + Lip.] One of 
the lids or covers of the eye, distinguished as upper 
and /ower; one of the movable folds of skin 
with which an animal covers or uncovers the 
eye at pleasure. 

a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott, Hom. 265 Swifte as pe 
sunne gleam be sc{heot from est into west, ase bin] ehe-lid 
tuned ant opened. ax1300 Cursor M. 19788 (Cott.) Wit pis 
sco lifted hir eien lidd. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. 
viii. (1495) 114 A foure foted beeste wythout eye lyddes is 
feble of syghte. c1q00 Afol. Loll. 74 His ee ledis asken 
reson of men. 1486 Bk. St. Albans Ag b, Put it thorow 
the ouer igh lid and so of that other. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. 
ZV, 1. i, 7 O Sleepe, O gentle Sleepe, how haue I frighted 
thee That thou no more wilt weigh mine eye-lids downe. 
1626 Bacon Sylva §870Those that are Pore-blinde..doe much 
gather the 2 pg together. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. u. 
1x. (1695) 68 How frequently do we .. cover our Eyes with 
our Eye-lids, without perceiving that we are at all in the 
dark? 1752 Sir J. Hitt Hist. Anim. 535 The eyes [of the 
Simia]..have an upper and under pad 5 exactly as in our 
own species. 1814 Scott Ld. of /sles vi. xv, eyelid 
scarce had time to wink. 1855 Bain Senses & /ut. 1. ii. $18 
Touching the edge or inner surface of the upper eye-lid. 

Comb. 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life 31 The eyelid-like 
valve which the entrance of the great veins. 

Jig. 1382 Wycur Fob cath | His e3zen as e3elidis of the 
morntid. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 25 Under the opening eye- 
lids of the Morn We drove afield. 1647 H. More Song of 
Soul u. iii. 1. xxv, Gilded clouds Arching an eyelid for the 
glowing Morn. 1862 B. Taytor Poets $rui., Mystic 
Summer, And sweeter eyelids has the Day. 

b. Phrases. + To hang (a thing) by the eyelids; 
to keep in suspense. Zo hang by the eyelids: 
to have a very slight hold, be in a dangerous 
position. 

1659 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 354, 1 would fain have 
things at an end, and not hang them by the eyelids thus, 
1778 Govv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ, Gey) I. 177 
General Lee's affair hangs by the eyelids. 1877 J. T. Frets 
Underbrush (1881) 11 A magic quarto.. with one of the 
covers hanging by the eyelids. 

+ rly, a. Obs. rare—*, [f. Eve 5b.1+-1y.] 
Visible to the eye. 

1561 Daus tr. Budlinger on Apoc, (1573) 252b, A certeine 
eyely and evident demonstration. 

rmark, [f. Evx sd.1+Marxk,] a. Some- 
thing marked, or to be marked by the eye; an 
object to look at; a paps Cf, Foormark, 
+b. The action of looking upon, marking with 
the eye; observation. pes Si 

1595 Soutnwett Tri, Death (1596) 24 There are. .better 
Pee ote oe in fortune gs a sisters losse. 1654 
tr. Behmen’s Myst. Magnum x\, § 29. 272 Where the limit 
or Eye marck stood. 1840 De Quincey Mod. Superstit, 
Wks. III. 327 Not. .the want..of eyemarks, where all is one 
blank ocean of sand. 51 } 

Eyepiece (ai'pis). [f. Evx sé. + Piece. 

1. Optics, The lens or combination of lenses, 
usually two in number, known respectively as the 
field-glass and eye-glass, at the eye-end of a tele- 
scope, or other optical instrument, by which the 
image, formed by the mirror or object-glass, is 
viewed and magnified. : 

The principal kinds of eye-pieces are (a) the Huyghenian, 
or so-called negative from the fact of its forming the image 
between the 3,(6) the Ramsden, or common astro- 

ical positive b the image is formed outside 
the field-glass i the erecting or terrestrial for ordinary 
| whi the object in an erect position. 

1790 Rov in Phil. ae ‘on Bs The ee eye- 

iece with two convex REWSTER Oftics xhiii. 
360 Achromatic aie. -may be composed of two or three 
lenses. 1867 J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 40 The two [eye-glass 
and field-glass) when combined are termed the eye-piece. 
31878 Lockyer Stargasing 111 The Achromaticity of the 
Huyghenian Eyepiece. ‘ 

b. attrib. as eyepiece micrometer. (Ses quot.) 


K Mec piece Micrometer, a 
Nadal ofighas iampicoel Cbpagh aie lathe een 
piece tube, so as to occupy the center of the 
2. Australian. 


1880 Leeds Mercury 16 Nov. 7 The power of a lazy free- 
selector to pick out the eye-piece of a squatter’s run, 
aye it. [f. Eye sb.1+Pir.] a. The pit or 
socket of the eye. b. The depression between the 

e and the orbit. ; 
¢/ 1273 Death 241 (Cotton) in 0.£. Misc, 182 Also beod his 


a a Se ee 


Pe a ee 


. 


EYER. 


e3e-puttes ase a bruben led. 1774 Gotnsm. Wat. Hist. 111. 
iil. 78 This animal (Antelope). .has deeper eyepits than the 
former. 1846 J, Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. 412 By the 
depth of the eye-pit we are enabled to form some idea of the 
age of the horse. 1879 E, Arnotp Zit. Asia 58 His eye- 
pits red with rust of ancient tears. 

Eyer (i201), sd. rare. [f. Eve v.+-Er1.] One 
who eyes; one who looks at ; an observer. 

1 Lancu. Rich. Redeles 13 The hende Egle the eyere 
of hem all. x16rx Corcr., Regardeur, a looker. .eyer, be- 
holder. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes II. iv. 47 The sutor was 
as diligent an eyer of her. 1830 tr. Aristophanes’ Knights 

That aged eyer of the bi ; 
er, var. of AIRE v. 
Byer, obs. form of Hz. 

Byer(e, obs. f. Arr. 


+Ey(erer. Ols. Also 
var, of ARE sd.2 or v. +-ER], 
Also attrib. 

1399 in Archevol. XXI. 89 Hit was a eyrer good & able, to 
his lord ry3t profitable. 1486 Bk. St. Albans B vija, How 
a man shall take an hawke fro the Eyrer. Who so takys an 
hawke from the ae: hym behoueth to doo wisely. 
1494 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 17 That no Man take any Ayrer 
Faulcon .. nor purposely drive them out of their Coverts.. 
to cause them to go to other Coverts to breed. 

Byerie, -y, obs. ff. of Azrin, 

Eyes, obs. f. of Eras. 

Eye'salve. Ods. exc. jig. 
SALVE.] Ointment for the eyes. 

crooo /Exrric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 114 Col/iria, eaz- 
sealfe. c¢c1200 Ormin 1852 Hall3he lechedom And sawless 
ezhesallfe. 1526 Brace (Tindale) Rev. iii, 18 Anoynt thyne 
eyes with eye salve, that thou mayste se. 1616 SurFL. & 
Marku. Country Farme 137 An Eye-salue made of the 
iuice of ground Iuie. 1784 Cowper Zask 11. 203 Go, dress 
thine eye with eyesalve, 

Jig. 1550 Bate Image Both Ch, Giv, Anoynt thyne eyes 
..with the eye salve of clerenes which is Jesus Christe. 1641 
Mitton Reform. 1. (1851) 7° If we will but purge with 
sovrain eyesalve that intellectual ray which God hath 
planted in us. 1677 GitpIn Demonol. (1867) 69 Where 
grace, as the only eye-salve, doth not restore the sight. 

+ Eye’sene. Ods. Also 2 ec-, 3 &h-, exh-, ex-, 
4 ei3e-sene, -seon. [f, EyE sd.1+ ME. Senx sight. ] 
Eyesight, presence. 

c117§ Lamb. Hom. 143 Ech eorpe scal hwakien on his 
ecsene. cxz0§ Lay. 8229 Ut of min zh senen [1275 hehseht]. 
1275 Prayer to Virgin 36 in O.£, Misc. (1872) 196 Pat ich 
nocht at dai of dome beo flemed of pin exsene. ¢1320 Sir 
Tristr. 2222 Anon of lond he ches, Out of markes ei3e sene. 

Eye-servant (ai'sd:1vant). arch. [f. Eye 53.1 
+SERVANT.] One who serves the eye; one who 
does his duty only when under the eye of his 
master or employer. 

1552 Latimer Seri. Lord's Prayer v, Wks. (Parker Soc.) 
394 The most part of servants are but eye-servants. 1613 
Answ. Uncasing Machivils Instr. F iij b, Keepe not an eye 
seruant within thy doore. 1682 FLAveL Fear 19 "Tis the 
reproach of the servants of men to be eye-servants. 1832 
CartyLe Remin. 1. (1881) 6 No one... will ever say, Here was 
the finger of a hollow eye-servant. 

Eye'-serve, v. [f. Eye sd.1+Serve v.] srans. 
To wait upon with the eyes; to watch. 

1800 Hurpis Fuv. Village 181 They [sparrows]. . Eye-serve 
the goose for its superfluous down. 7 

Eye--se:rver. [f. Eve sé.1+Srerver.] =Eyr- 
SERVANT. 

1835 Marryat Fac. Faith/. xviii, I will have no eye-servers 
under me. 1870 SpurGeon ¥. Ploughm. Talk i. 16 The 
man who loiters when the master is away is an eye-server. 

Eye’-se:rvice. [f. Eve s/.1 + Srrvicr.] a. The 
action or conduct of an eye-seryant ; service per- 
formed only under inspection or under the master’s 
eye. +b. Service seen by the eye; outward or 
formal worship. ¢. The homage of the eye; re- 
spectful and admiring looks. rave. 

1526-34 TinpALe Co/. iii. 22 Not with eye service as men 

leasers, 1550 CrowLey Last Trump. 163 Se thou serue 

im .. not wyth eye-seruice fainedly. ~ 1688 DrLamMER 
Wks. (1694) 26 All their duty will be turned into eye-ser- 
vice. Berxetey Disc. Wks. (1871) III. 417 This [reli- 
gion] makes men obey, not with eye-service, but in sincerity 
of heart. 1884 J. Hatt Chr. Home 55 Servants that can be 
trusted to give something better than eye-service. 

b. 164x Mitton Reform. 1. 2 [To] bring the inward acts 
of the Spirit to the outward. .ey-Service of the body. 

Cc 2 Brackmore Lorna D. xvi, They [ladies] were 
worth looking at..but none so well worth eye-service as my 
own beloved Lorna. 

Eye--se:rving, @. [f. Evr sé.) + Srrvine.] 
That serves only under the master’s eye; requiring 
the master’s eye. 

1615 J. SrepHens Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 15 This eye-serving 
age is quickly gone to all deceit, if we lacke lookers on. 

yeship (oifip). [£ Eve sd.) +-sur.) The 
dignity of being an eye. 

822 T. Mitcnett Avistoph, 1. 29 The senate bids his eye- 
ship welcome ; And asks his presence to the hall, 

Eyershot. [f. Eye sd.1 + SxHor.] 

1. The range of the eye, seeing distance, view. 
Only in phrases (70 come, etc.) beyond, in, out of, 
within eyeshot of. 

1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum.v. i, When we come 
in eye-shot, or presence of this lady. 1690 Drypen Dox 
Sebastian 11. ii, 1 am..out of eye-shot from the other win- 
dows, 1853 Kane Grinned/ Exp. xli. (1856) 375, I have .. 
crawled within fair eye-shot, and. .watched theirmovements. 
1865 SwinesuRNE Atalanta 876 Here in your sight and 


ayrer. [f. eyre, 
A brood falcon. 


[f Eve 5d. + 


487 


eyeshot of these men. 1867 Lowett Biglow P. Ser. u. 54 

‘oys beyond eyeshot of the tithing-man. 

ig. 1858 Hawtuorne F”. & /t. Fruds. U1. 4 The instant 

he comes within eye-shot of the fulfilment of his hopes. 

2. A ‘shot’ from the eye; a glance, prospect. 

et: Sytvester Jobacco battered 291, The Pest .. Or 
deadly Ey-shot of a Basilisk. 1704 STEELE Lying Lover v. 
i, How shall I bear the Eye-Shot of the Crowd in Court? 
*709 — ‘Tatler No. 52 P 3 The Sexes seem to separate 
themselves, and draw up to attack each other with Eye- 
shot. 1860 HawrHorne Maré. Faun xxviii, The windows. . 
afforded. .extensive eye-shots over hill and valley. 1879 G. 
Merepitx £gois¢ III. x. 2t0 Vernon sent one of his vivid 
eyeshots from one to the other. 

Eye'sight (aissit).  [f. Eye sé.1+Stcur.] 

1. The power or faculty of seeing ; sight : attri- 
buted also to the heart, soul, etc. 

¢ 1200 Ormin 1867 Patt Drihhtin shollde 3ifenn uss God 
sawless soe ive a1300 Cursor M. 25470 (Cott.) Ert 
clene and eien sight. @ 1400 Cov, Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 44 
Whantynge of eyesight in peyn doth me bynde. 1401 Pol. 
Poenis (1859) Il. 98 But him was 30vun_ i3e-si3t, for al his 
grete noise. 1587 Go.pinc De Mornay xiv. 207 The eysight 
Is still good. 1615 J. SrerHens Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 420 
The Basilisk and Eagle cannot match his eye-sight. 1725 
BrapLey Fam, Dict.s.v. Fuice, It .. strengthens the Eye- 
sight. 1805 Med. ¥rnl, XIV. 330 These organs .. manifest 
themselves to .. the eye-sight. 1873 Bain in B. Stewart 
Conserv. Force viii. 231 A miser has to pay a high fee to 
the surgeon that saves his eyesight. 
rg. 1784 Cowper Jask v. 452 [It] blinds The eyesight of 
Discov’ry. 1849 Rosertson Sermons Ser. 1. x. 167 To our 
blinded eyesight it seems a cruel will. 1857 Wittmorr 
Pleas. Lit. xx. 111 The only eye-sight eiiloved is the 
critical. 

+2. The action or fact of secing or looking; the 
use of the eyes, look, gaze, observation, view; an 
instance of this,a look. Zo set good eyesight on: 
to look hard at. Obés. exc. in Ly, from, in (a 
person’s) eyesight. 

a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 209 Mine sunnen. .beod .. 
grisliche in pine eih sihde. a 1300 Signs bef Fudgem. 143 
in Z, £. P. (1862) 11 For sinful man-is ein si3t ne let us neuer 
ben ischend. ax1300 Cursor M7. 4300 (Cott.) Quilum allan 
wit an ei sight. 1526 TinpALE Luke xxii. 56 Won off the 
wenches .. sett goode eyesight on hym. 1535 CoverDALE 
2 Sam. xxii. 25 So shal ye Lorde rewarde me. .acordinge to 
the clenes of my handes in his eye sighte. 1573 GoLtpING 
Calvin on Fob 76 Then must wee consider euen by eye sight, 
that our lyfe..slydeth away from us. 1641 Witkins A/azh. 
Magick 1, xix. (1648) 135 ‘That in Josephus which he sets 
down from his own eye-sight. 1839 CarLyLr Chartism iv. 
(1858) 20 Things. .known to us by the best evidence, by eye- 
sight. 1873 LoweLt Among my Bks. Ser. u. 6 His com- 
parisons..are drawn from actual eye-sight. 

3. The range of the eye, sight, view. 

a1225 Fuliana 30 And het swide don hire ut of his 
ehsihde, a1240 Uretsun in Cott. Hom. 187 Ich ne mai ne 
ne dear cum lufsum god in bin ehsihbe. c1400 Rom. Rose 
7236 He wole not. .have God in his iye sight. ?c¢1475 Sg7. 
lowe Degre 608 That profered you golde and fe, Out of 
myne eye-syght for to be. 1588 Suaks. Z. L. L. u. i. 239 
His tongue all impatient to speake and not see Did stumble 
with haste in his eie-sight to be. 1633 Eart Mancu. AZ 
Mondo (1636) 86 The minde contemplating heaven, walkes 
beyond eye-sight. 

Hence + Eye-sighted a., gifted with eye-sight. 

1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Bucer (1867) 154 The most 
judicious and best eye-sighted fryers. 

+ Eye‘some, a. Os. In 6 eysome. [f. Eye 
sb.1+-SOME.] Pleasant to the eyes. 


1584 SoutHweELt Ef. Comfort xiv. 191 b, Our syghte shall 
feede on the most glorious and eysome maiestye of the 


place. 
Eyesore (ai'sd-1), [f. Eyr sd.1 + Sore 56.] 
+1. A soreness of the eyes. Ods. 

(In quot. @ 1300 perh. an adj.) 

2a1300 Salomon § Sat. (1848) 272 Betere is eyesor ben al 
blynd, quob Hendyng. 1562 eae Herbal u. 76a, Dates 
..ar hurtfull for them that haue..the eysore and..the tooth 
ache. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. § Efigr. (1867) 94 Muche 
lookyng so, breedth much eie sore. 

2. Something permanently offensive to the sight ; 
an ugly mark or feature. 

1530 Rastett Bk. Purgat. ui. viii. 2 The spottes..be a 
great deformyte and eye sore. 1597 Hooker Lccé. Pol. v. 
222 These eyesores and blemishes in continual attendants 
about the service of Gods sanctu: 1617, MARKHAM 
Cavai. u1. 51 To bee. .sickle hought behinde. .is not amisse, 
though it be a little eye-sore. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti’s 
Archit.1, 19 b, He is continually repenting and fretting at 
the Eye-sore. 1827 Stevart Planter’s G. (1828) 136 This, in 
parks much exposed, is found a ag serious eye-sore. 1867 
A. Barry Sir C. Barry viii. 288 All the eyesores on the 
Surrey bank of the river. : 

+b. Onahorse: A scar; alsoa flaw, defect. Obs. 

1678 Lond. Gaz. No. 1346/4 A dapple grey Gelding .. an 
eye sore above his hoof upon one ot His inder legs. 1690 
Dryven Don Sebast. 1. i, He's the best peice of Man’s flesh 
inthe Market; not an Eyesore in his whole body. x71 
Lond. Gaz. No. 4795/4 An Eye-sore on the near hind Foot 
caused in Pacing. é 

3. A cause of annoyance, offence, or vexation; 
an object of dislike or disgust. 

1548 UDALL, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xvi. 1 EP might 
haue been an iyesore to all, 1586 J. Hooker Girald, rel. 
in Holinshed V1. 63/2, I wote well how great an eiesore I 
am in your sight. a16x8 RateicH Rem. (2644) 98 Thou 
shalt be a burthen, and an Eye sore to thy friends. 759 
B. Martin Nat, Hist. Eng. 1. Hants 125 The French. .to 
whom they have always been an Eye-sore. 1809 W. IrvING 
Knickerb. (1861) 119 The onion patches of Pyquag were an 
eyesore to Jacobus Van Curlet and his garrison, 1876 
Moztey Univ, Serm. x, (1877) 206 Many of their neighbours 


EYEWATER. 


are eyesores to them, and the very sight of them interrupts 
their repose. 

attrib, 1875 W. M°Itwraitu Guide Wigtownshire 59 
Antiquated and eyesore erections. 

Eye'sore, a. [f. Evr sb.1+ Sore a@.] That has 
sore eyes. Hence Eye‘soreness, soreness of the 
eyes; in quot. fig. Offensive ugliness. 

1883 Harper's Mag. Feb. 333/1 A bower of charm to the 
zsthetic sense in the midst of a dirty money-grubbing eye- 
soreness, : 

Eye-splice. [f. Eyz sd.1+Spricz sb] A 
splice made by turning up the end of a rope, and 
interlacing its strands with those of the upper 
part. , : 

1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) Nn, The eye-splice 
being intended to make a sort of eye. .at the end of a rope. 
1851 H. Metvitte Whale |x. 312 Both ends of the line are 
exposed ; the lower end terminating in an eye-splice, or loop. 
1867 in Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bh. 284. 

ye'spot. [f. Eyr sd.1+Spor sé.] 

1. a. A spot resembling an eye. b. A rudimentary 
eye. @. Ina coco-nut: =EYE 12 b. 

@. 1879 Luppock Sc? Lect. ii. 57 In Choerocampa tersa, 
there is an eye-spot on each segment. 1882 Gard. Chron. 
XVII. 10 Calanthe Sandhurstiana.. with an eye-spot at the 
base of the lip. 1890 J.P. BatLarp Among the Moths 32 
His.. wings. .showing two large and elegant eye-spots. 

b. 1877 Huxtry Anat. (nv. Anim. iv. 188 One or more 
eyespots are sometimes seated on the ganglion. 1880 
Bastian Brazn viii. 116 In the young Lamprey two pigment 
spots replace the single ‘eye spot’ of the Lancelot. 

c. 1885 H. O. Forses Nat. Wanderings 1. ii. 27 The 
three eye-spots seen at the end of a cocoa-nut. 

2. A kind of lily of a violet or black colour, 
having a red spot in the middle of each leaf. 

Bor SoutHEy 7halaba v1. xx, Here amid her sable cup 
Shines the red eye-spot..'The solitary twinkler of the night. 

Hence Eye‘spotted ///. a., having spots resem- 
bling eyes. 

1590 SPENSER A/utopotmos 95 Iunoes Bird in her ey- 
spotted traine. 1883 77zzes 11 June 4/5 A splendid peacock 
with a luxuriant train of eye-spotted feathers. 

Eyess(e, obs. f. of Eyas. 

Eye'string. [f. Eye sd.1+Srrine sb.) In f/. 
The strings (i.e. muscles, nerves, or tendons) of 
the eye. (The ‘eyestrings’ were formerly supposed 
to break or crack at death or loss of sight.) 

1601 B. Jonson Poetaster Induct., Crack, eye-strings.. 
let me be ever blind. 1607 Beaum. & Fi. Woman-hater 
u. i, The last words that my dying father spake, Before his 
eye-strings brake, 1611 SHAKS. Cyazd. 1. iii. 17, I would 
haue broke mine eye-strings; crack’d them, but To looke 
vpon him. 1639 Futter //oly War i. xxxix. (1647) 96 
When once those eye-strings begin to break, the heart- 
strings hold not out long after. 16753 Hoppes Odyssey 
(1677) 108 All his eye-strings with the fire did strut. 1682 
Otway Venice Preserved u. i, Gaze on thee ’till my Eye- 
strings crackt with Love. 1707 Mortimer //usd. 178 See... 
that their [sheep’s) Gums be red..the Eye-strings ruddy. 
1776 Tortapy Bk. Praise 159 When my eyestrings break 
in death. 1778 Arminian Mag. 1. 268 His Eye-strings 
were broke, his Speech entirely gone. 


Eyet, obs. f. Arr. 


+ Eye'thurl. Ods. [f. Evesd.1+Txurt.J] An 
eye-hole, a window; also f/. the eye-windows. 

¢ 890 K. AELFRED Beda w. iii. P 3 Da ontynde se bisceop 
Set eagh-byrl Sere cyricean. cx175 Lamb. Hom, 83 Pe 
sunne scined burh pe glesne ehburl. a@ 1225 St. Marher. 8 
Heo pa... biheolden purh an eypurl as heo bed hire beoden, 
ax1223 Ancr. R. 62 Purh eie purles dead haued hire in3ong 
into be soule. /é7d@. 70 Nout one our earen, auh ower eie 
purles tuned a3ein idel speche. 

Eye’-tooth. [f Eve sé.1+ Toorn; cf. Ger. 
augenzahn, Du. oogtand.| A tooth immediately 
under or next to the eye, orig. one of the upper 
canine teeth (see CANINE /ooth), but now extended 


to the lower also. 

1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Den Macheliére, the 
eye tooth. 1607 TorseLL Four-f. Beasts (1673) 379 The 
eye teeth of a Lion. 1629 Cuapman Fuvenal. 255 Live 
still gnashing of thy great eye-teeth. 1691 Ray Creation 
u. (1692) 41 The next [teeth] one on each side.. called 
Canini, in English Eye Teeth. 1700 T. Brown tr. Fresny’s 
Amusem. Ser. & Com. 87 The Eye-teeth of Flying Toads. 
1741 Monro Anat. Nerves (ed. 3) 159 The two superior .. 
are called Eye-teeth, from the Communication of Nerves 
which is betwixt them and the Eyes. 183r R. Knox 
Cloguet’s Anat.77 The Upper Canine Teeth are the longest 
in the jaws, aad for this reason, are vulgarly denominated 
Eye-teeth. 1863 Huxiey Man's Place Nat.u. 81 Milk- 
teeth. .consist of four incisors..two canines, or eye-teeth ; 
and four molars. .in each jaw. i 

Jig. 1740 Parvon Dyche’s Dict. (ed. 3), Eye-teeth. .Quick- 
ness or sharpness of understanding and parts. 

b. Phrases. Chiefly fig. To cut one’s eye-tecth: 
to get out of babyhood. Zo draw any one’s eye- 
teeth: to take the conceit out of him. + Zo have 
one’s eye-teeth: to be wide-awake. 

1730 Morier in Atterbury Misc. Wks. V. 147 There is no 
dealing with him without having one’s eye-teeth. 1837 
Hautpurton Clockm, Ser. 1. xvi. 147 Them are fellers cut 
their eye-teeth afore they ever sot foot in this country. 1867 
Dixon New Amer. I. i. 1 Guess these Yanks must look alive 
.-unless they should happen to enjoy having their eye-teeth 
drawn. 1870 Emerson Soc. § Solit., Civiliz. Wks. (Bohn) 
III. 7 Like progress that is made by a boy ‘when he cuts 
his eye-teeth ’, 


mye wenee (ai'wOtex). [f, Eye sd.+ WATER sd.] 
a. Water, i.e. either natural tears, or an abnormal 
overflow (stz//ictdium), ‘tear in the eye’, flowing 


EYE-WINK. 


from the eye. Rare in Z/. b. A lotion for the eye. 
e. The humours (aqueous or vitreous) of the eye. 
a. Slang. =Gin. ; 

a@. 1590 Soutuwett M/. Magd. Fun. Teares 125 What 
page so fiery that may not be quenched with eye-water, 
su 


a weeping t rebateth the ed more than a 
lyon’s fury. _ 1845 G. Murray Jslaford 169 To roll Sorrow’s 
eye-waters from their dark abode. 1849 THackeray Lett. 
51 can hardly see as I write for the eye-water, but it isn’t 
wit 


grief. 

b. 1679 Prot Staffordsh. (1686) 106 All sorts of Eye- 
waters, such as that of Elder well. 1747 Westey Prim. 
Physic (1762) 61 An excellent Eye Water. 1818 S. F, Gray 
Supp. to Pharmacopeias 237 Common eye water. /bid. 
235 Blue eye water. -4 Emerson Ess. Ser. 1. vii. (1876) 
ago Love is not a hood, but an eye-water. 

_@. 1874 Cours Field Ornith. 1. vii. (1890) 57 Eye-water.. 
is often a annoyance [in taxidermy]. 

d. 1869 Wuyte Metvitte J. or N. I, vi. 118 Two bob 
an’ a bender, and a three of eye-water, in? 1886 Fudy 4 
Aug. 58 Jiggered gin, dog’s nose and Paddy’s eye-water. 

Eye-wink. [f. Eve s/.1+ Wink st.] a. A 
wink or motion of the eye, a look or glance. b. 
The time it takes to wink the eye ; an instant. 

a. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. u. ii. 72 They could neuer get 
an eye-winke of her. 1818 Keats Endym. iv. 267 Before 
young Bacchus’ eye-wink turning pale. 1868 Browninc 
Ring & Bk. x. 921 'Twixt her placid eyewinks. 

b. 1879 Cur. Rosserm Seek §& F. 88 Until all time 
dwindle to a mere eye-wink, 1 Daily News 27 Jan. 3/1 
You touch a tiny switch..and in an eye-wink your glass 
button-hole becomes an incandescent lamp. 

Similarly Bye’-winker, eyelash or eyelid. 

1808 J AMIESON, Ee-winkers the eye-lashes. a 1833 A. Picken 
Changeable Charlie, The burley scoundrel lifted up his eye- 
winkers. 1881 Pennsylv. School Frul. XXX. 57 Every 
. hair and eye-winker, revolving ‘on its own hook *. 

Eyewitness. [f. Eve sJ.1+ Wirvess.] 

+1. One who gives testimony to what he has 

seen with his own eyes. Ods. 
_ 1539 Taverner Evasm. Prov. (1552) 43 One Eye wytnesse, 
is of more value, than tenne eare wytnesses, 1591 SPENSER 
M. Hubberd 1278 Which yet to prove more true, he meant 
to see, And an ey-witnes of each thing to bee. 

2. One who can give testimony from his own 
observation; one who has seen a thing done or 
happen. 

1590 Sir J. Smytu in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 57, I do 
not write the same of mine owne certaine knowledge, as a 
eye wittness. 1611 Bree 2 Pet. i. 16 Wee. .were eye wit- 
nesses of his Maiestie. 1615 W. Hutt Mirrour of Maiestie 
89 The death of such a sonne .. whereof shee was an eyed 
witnesse. 1694 Lp. Moteswortn Acc. Denmark 44 Re- 
ceived not only from eye-witnesses, but also from some of the 
principal.. Actors. 1744 BerKELey Sirs § 17 Leo Africanus 
.. describes, as an eye-witness, the making of tar in Mount 
Atlas. 1798 Ferriar J/lustr. Sterne i. 17 Brantome, an 
eye-witness .. informs us. 185§ Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 
93 Different estimates were formed even by eyewitnesses. 
1878 NV. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 180 It is the narration, by 
an eye-witness, of the memorable coup d'etat of 1851. 

+3. The result of actual observation ; a report 
made by one who was present. Ods. 

1627 Haxewnt Afol.1.i. § 5. 9 By the eye-witnesse of 
Ioachimus Rheticus, and others, it hath been proved. 1671 
Mitton Samson 1594 Give us .. Eye-witness of what first 
or last was done. 

Hence Byewi'tnessing v0/. sb. 

1857 H. Mitter Test, Rocks iv. 154 Had they been revealed 
by vision as a piece of eye-witnessing. 

Eye (aii), a. [f. Eve sd.1 (sense 20d) +-y.] 
Full of eyes or holes. 

1884 HotLanp Gloss. Chester (E. D.S.) 116 Cheese is said 
to be eyey when it contains holes full of rancid whey. 

EByger, obs. f. of EacER, 

Eyzghe, obs. f. of AWE. 

Eyght¢(e, obs. f. of Arr, E1cur. 

Eyghte, obs. f. of AvcnT sd.1 

Ey3tyndele: see E1cHt1y. 

EBygre, var. of Eacre; obs. f. of EacEr. 

Byir, obs. f. of Am. 

Bykorn, obs. f. of Acorn. 

Bylace, obs. f. of ALAS. 

1556 Aurelio & Isab. (1608) C i, Eylace how lightlye maie 
one perceave, when the wemen love, 

Bylde, obs. form of Yre.p. 

Eyldyng, obs. form of Exprne1, 

Eyl(e, var. of Am sb.2 Obs.; obs. f. AtL v7. 

Byle, obs. form of Aisi, Inn. ; 

Ey‘lebourn, ¢ia/. Also nailbourne. [Of ob- 
scure origin ; quot. 1480 would suggest that itis f. 
A sé. trouble, affliction + Bourn; but this may 
be popular etymology.] (See quots.) 


ee ee ee eee 


Spring that rises all of @ £ of the Grolind, rina & 
} ike a Torrent and then di: 

‘a famous Eylebourn which rises in 
i Ietle wey-.now sha Tae © gree wee a 
Creek, into which a im! or Nail-bourne from oo 
falls. in Pecce Kenticisms (E. D. S.) 3, 
Parisu & Suaw: Kent. Dialect (E. D. S., Eylebourne, 
Nailbourn, an intermittent spring. 

ling. Oss. exc. dial. Forms: 5-7 elyng, 

6-7 eling(e, 7 eyling, 9 déa/. ealin. [perh. f. e/e 
‘wing’, AISLE + -ING2.] 

+1. ?An aisle or wing of a church. See AISLE 


elyng’. 1528 


1625 Court Roll, Wakefield, Partem i domus vocatam 
elinge. Lance. Gloss., Ealin’, a shed set against 
another building. . From the verb to heel or lean over. 

+3. 2A ‘bay’ of a barn. Obs. 

1662 in V. Riding Rec. V1. 51 An eyling of a barn. 

Bylod, ? var. of ALLO. 

¢1g00 Melusine 108 He that shuld eokeryte the chyef 
eylod shuld not be-able to kepe no grete houshold. — - 

Isum, obs. ff. of HALESOME, WHOLESOME. 

Eym(e, Sc. var. Ee, Ods., uncle. 

Eymbre, -bery, eymery, obs. ff. of Emper }. 

Eyme, obs. f. of Atm. 

Eynd (eind). dia’. [app. a var. of AND(E 2.] 
(See quot.) 

1865 W. Waite E. Eng. Il. 176 The Eynd, or watersmoke, 
as it is called in Norfolk, is a remarkable phenomenon, 
occurring mostly between spring and autumn, and with 
peculiar suddenness. ; 

+ Eyndill, v. Sc. Ods. rare. [? connected with 
aynd, ANDE sb.] intr. To be jealous. Const. 
on. 

1576 Maittann Old Age in Pinkerton Amc. Scot. Poems 
II. 310 Scho will not eyndill on me now And I sa ald. 

Hence + By-ndland, -ing ///. a. jealous. 

1 App. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 57, | am the Lord thi 
Gad wank and jolious or eyndland. 1 Sempill Ball. 
235, I wald ze sowld forbid hir Hir eyndling toyis. 

e, var. of Ean, Obs. 

Bynes, -ez, -is, erroneous ff. EyvEs, -EZ, -18. 

Eynke, obs. f. of INK. 

Eyot, more usual var. of Arr, small island. 
Hence Ey‘oty a. [+-Y.], like an eyot or island. 
= Core Hampshire Words s.v., ‘That eyoty piece near 
the ford.’ 

Byr, obs. f. of Arr, and of Ear v.1 

Eyrant (rant). Her. [f. ezre, var. of AIRE 
v. Obs. + -ANT.] 

1889 Exvin Dict. Heraldry 57 Eyrant, Applied to birds in 


their nests. 

+ Ey-rar. 00s. Also 6 eyriar. [deriv. of 
eyrie = AgRIE: see AERIE 2.) A brood (of 
swans). 


1sgx Will C. Ferrers (Somerset Ho.), Eyriars of Swannes. 
1715 Kersey, Eyrar (O. R.) an Eyrie or Nest of young 

irds, 1721-1800 in Baitey. 184 Hacurwett, £yrar, 
a brood of swans. Sometimes the bird itself. 

Eyre (€1). Obs. exc. Hist. Forms: 3, 6-8 
eire, 4 eyr, 5-6,9 air, 6 oire, 6-7 aire, 7 eier, 
eyer, 5, 7- eyre. [a. OF. etre, erre, oirre masc. 
and fem. f. errer (see Err v.):—late L. sterdre to 
journey.] i, lass 

1. Itineration, circuit: in the phrase Justices in 
eyre (=L. in itinere ona journey), also L. justitew 
itinerantes, AF. justisis erraunts : itinerant judges 
who rode the circuit to hold courts in the different 
counties. Also Sessions in aye. 

‘These justices were usually members of the superior courts, 
though the sheriffs sometimes performed this duty. Inthe 
year 1176, under Henry II, eig’ justi d 
to six circuits; the practice cc 
irregularity as to number, period, and the matters dealt 
with, until the gu of Assize (q. v. 12) and Nisi Prius 
were appointed in the year 1285 hes Edw. Il, 


pg) with ere 


[ie ied Bede 1; State Gloucsnt.s~4 tefuo) 46.B te 
le rantieeas tntea-aneonan — * 


‘| 517 ire of justize 
1 Rich, 11, c. 6.§ 1 Divers Fairs have been holden .. by 
allowed afore i 


ustices in E: 
in Eyre. 


id them twise in the 3eir. 


3-75 Diurn. Occurr. (Bannatyne Club) 51 The Governour 
Scotland. 


laimit ane generall air throw all 1609 SKENE 
Reg. Maj. t {they} sould be present and ire at the 
Justitiars aire. 1642 Mitton Argt. conc. Militia 36 If a 
Commission of Eier sit in a County, and the Kings 


This new chief justiciary, h Same the tials 
122 This new chief justiciary, holding an eyre .. in 
wark. 1779 Lioyd’s Even. Post ss See Cir- 
cuit Court of Justiciary finished the Eyre at 1805 
Scotr Last Minstr. w. xxxv, Maidens. .wrung their hands 
for love of him, Who died at Jedwood Air. 

+b. Eyre of the Forest: a circuit court held 
periodically by the Justices of the Forest, hence 
called Fig in Eyre. Obs. 

1622 J. Rawiins Recov. Ship of Bristol Ded. in Arb. 
Garner IV. 58 The. . Marquis of Buckingham. . Justice in 
Eyre of all His Majesty's Forests. 1702 Lond. Gas. 
No. 3828/3 Lord Wharton was constituted Warden and 
Chief Justice and Justice in Eyre of all His Majesty's 
Forests. 1797 $1 HAMBERS Orel, Eyre of the forest is 
otherwise called justice seat : which by the ancient customs 


was to be held every three years, by the justices of the forest 


journeying up and down for that purpose. 1796 Morse 
* Amer. Geog. 11. 103. 
ce. The record of such a court. 
jiert per I'Re- 


{a 148 LittLeton Tenures § bi Come a) 
port dun plee en le Eire de Nottingham.} 1614 SeLpen 
Titles Hon. 262 That so should the right meaning of Sake 
bee, is iustified out of an old Eire. 
3. attrib. 
31641 Termes de la Ley 131 Eire Justices, or Itinerant. 
Byre, var. of ArrE sé.2 and v. Oés. 
Byre, obs. f. of Arr. 
Eyren, -ron(e, -roun, obs. pl. forms of Eaa. 
Eyren, obs. form of Iron, m 
Byrer: see EYERer. 
Eyryssh(e, obs. form of ArRIsH. 
Eyse, obs. form of Ease, Easy. 
Bysel, var. of Erset, Ods., vinegar. 
Eyst, , obs. ff. of YEAST, OYSTER. 
Byt, obs. form of Arr !. 
eytand, north. ff. of Eat, Eatine. 


Eyth, obs. form of Ears. 
+ . Obs. rare, [OE. ede, egepe, corre- 
om to OHG. . egida:—WGer. a 


“agen se a) tone exe. 1393 Laat. P. PZ. C. 
Ci Gloss., , r noi. P. Pi. 
iin 27 Ce ees tie Tnoly scripture, With to eythes pat 
thei len, an olde and a newe. . 


Byther(e, -thir, obs. forms of E1rHEr. 
Bythyn, Sc. var. of Ergn, Obs. 
Bytike, obs. form of Eratc. 

Hyves, eyues, -e2, -is, obs. fi EAVES. 


a1400 Morte Arth, 128 Thise hende houez on a hille 
holte i eynes}. did. 2516 Baytand one 
wee te te by ecaloue [ pr. eynis]. ; 


chanted by the Muezzin at the hour of ape " 
1753 Hanway 7'rav. (1762) II. vi. i, 144 note, made hin 

this compliment in the tone in which we sing the ezan. 

1842 Faner Styrian Lake 84, I hear the countless Turkish 


Ezans : 
Balar, obs. Sc. form of ASHLAR. 

+ Evzod. Obs. A variant of Izzarp, the letter Z. 
1597 Morey /ntrod, Mus. 36 X with y, ezod. & per se. 


en a 
ms 
Ay 


wuveE vues 


jyobie] UOIJNJOSaY BqlI9g YOU] BUG :8AIYDIY OUI} 


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